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ӡҽ͡
޸ɵӽĹؼ֣޸ɵӽ㵰ԺӷۣHE촩Ȼ


1 Խ
һ֪ĸ˵Լĳǲ֮ףĸںСʱʹ˵Ǹ˵ΪʲôҪ˳ͷһССһ
ĸûʲô̫ĸ飬ͨļĶģʱ˶һ꣬׿ĸΰͶʹĹ¶ԺһͯԺȻҵ
ڱӵĴߵССһţ̫ϲĽˣԽԼ棬ءһŹصսһ£ַӦ
ǰְ֣
һܸˣҶԣº͵Ĵˣվߵſڣ֡δ˵꣬׵һԼһк̧ͷɻòصĸס
ҲҪڷ𣿡
ĸ״˯ȹ˳Լɷ򣬱㲻ˣֻվԭأñӴţƺкܶ໰˵
ײδ˵ֻСкվĸ׿ĽǶ˵
㲻˵Ƿһһֱǹ¶Ժĺӣĸ˫Ҿһĸˣ˵һǹҲ㻳̥ʮģ˾ȥҩ׻Ǻǰһĸס
ĸûпףֻǶккܺÿЦҲòĸ׸ŵļҲ֪ˣڰʱҩ
һ֪ĸˣΪǰ죬ĸײŸոմ
ˣһԺˣֽ׵ҹ
СƵ˶´СŲߣССĺš硱
׵ҹһۿȫ̳˸׺ĸòкԺָ̡
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磿ţţڳϣϵˣϲҺڴģлл磡ݰݣ
һ˵绰ò˵ٴһ˾ġһڡĸҲҲóҩԻָ֮ǰ罻ˣҲ᳣ؼңҲۡ
ţô£Сү
ڻŸ絽ʱ⣬ͻȻǰ˾ĺŷֲһǿԽԽأ
һһһѰһ
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һһ׸
ͷʹһ۷ֲԼϤķ䣬ͷһһλŹװСкԼԱߣüǵɫһͷһβԼļ۵һӿͷԡ
أһǰкȻȻ˵
̫ˣһû¾ͺáػδ˵꣬ϤϤĦͽŲ죬ϵ΢̧ͷһŸߴĺӰһֻ΢ѵÿס鲼׸ҪǺˣ׼ɡӼ֪ԭİķ
һͷţûע⵽ĸΪĵͷĬ
һװĸ͵קһ֣´ȥסۿСԺӻһЩ¾ɵĴӡ
ˣӽ쿪ʼסʱˣȢ㡱ĸţ洫ػͷġһڣһ͸ĽṹãûеôãԭطҾܳԵıġ
ЩѵŲϣŻ飬ԼĳԼĸ׻и磬һνɣΡ
ƿţľһƽڴϵӣغܲ조ˤͷˣһΪ뷽أؽϣߴţǼͷҰ˰ˡ
һ֪λشֻܳĬųԷֲ̫ڵʳЩݵɤ̴ۣ̲ȥ
Gι׼ҵİķϲ˿ֻǽ⴫һͿɫ۵ף޴ͿߣڨЦţɫķۿϵ·УһýװŤŤ߹Ͱ͵
أȥܵܽĸĵĺýźţƿǸŪȥˣҵģҵģҪɵʲôҰʲôɫ
ؿƽĶڴߵС˶ѳͬķ뷨Ҳֻƽ˵š
׸ұϻΰɡضӣš
һͷźӣֻŵ˫ȣ¶ĺһһǰȥȻϣһһߵĸо󱻷뻨С
Σ
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һŻɫڴЩִٲץԼϵ֨һӽǿһ˫岽ббԼ
͵һֻÿͷֻһͷҲŽᣬѿһڰ٣ϱ
һûзӦɵЦšϱٺ٣ϱ
һЩ£ǰˣҲΪĸΪǿӲż룬ǰĴɵӣ˶ЩҪŻ
ϱ㡭ޡ󹷲֪βܰοϱֱŵֲҽӽһŷûгûЩʲôǸʲôˣŷ
㲻׼̫
ãããϱ˵ʲôʲô˵ˣҪϱĻ󹷿һҲɵǺǵЦ
ǣϱ˵ˣҪöأôأ󹷵Żһ˵šǸոѾˡ
ˣʲôʱ򡭣󹷿ԴôҲ벻ס
˯òãһСתŻ⣬Ȼ⻰ϴһſ˯ˣһЩ£ϵԼ˯˴ϣ̫ˣһһҲ˯ˡ
ڶһۣö˶˵˯ţ·ҲûƣӶùУûгԷ߳ȥȴ󹷶ӻ׷żܣץ㣬Ϊϱӣޡ
ЩжģһԱȥȴֳŸôʱһ
ι˭ϱ̫ɹƨɲ֪Ȣһϱ֪ΪȢ˸ڡĸǳɵܸɵž̵ĸΪһɻģû뵽Ȼһ԰׷ģôԼҵĳǴȻܸɻǳԵı˭࣬ϲӲҪ˵ǿʲôЩǸ壬Եı࣡ĸԽԽ
ӽ쿪ʼҲɼˣͱطԲȵģ
ĸĹؽţֻԭأһЩ񣬺صСʱԼ׽ĸȴĸ׾֮⺰ĳ
ϱû°ɣʹӻ֣һһȴûʲô˼ɵЦţҲһ˿ͬʱ˰ˡתطʰ󹷲⣬ȴҲ˳һ˵ʰˣǲƴˣжأ


2 
еļ䣬֪ɽǱһ΢ªһӣżЪõģŴҵԣɽѾûʲôѰҵĶˣ𽥻ķҲֻʱڴˡ
󹷲һһģ󹷾͸ģһû͵һֻɡ󹷿ϱΣһܰůͷţճɵɵԴһķţæµеһͷɵɵĳҲЦ죬԰׵ɫЩ졣
󹷿ϱôεģѿȥҪβͣ˿̿ҡñ˭죬૵ϱÿԵģһҲЩȣ󹷣ǰȥ𣿡ȻǸɵӣǱϾҲԭļһǵһºһЩ
û뵽ȴͻȻΪˣȴ󹷲˵ϱҲɵӣǶˣΪʲôҴ󹷣Ӧý๫
ĳ͸ɵӵɵɵǡࡣ๫ǰȥס𣿡
ƺĵĶҪðʵˣϱȥҾȥġ
ǰªӣһܣ̾΢оɾһĵط󹷿ԼСϱˮͰ׼ˮģǰȥϱ˵ˣϱԺҪ޵Ĳ̫ۡ
һĻ죬סˣǰɵҿڵĸŻ˵ĸоһªҲסˡٺ١ϱԺͺϱһס  
ˮ̨ϼ򵥵󹷹ϴ裬󹷿ĵĽԼ·±˵šٺ٣ϱϴ迩Ŵ׳˶ĳǣЩɬԼĬˡˡsure
ȴӴͷʼһһϴţ˺üˮɵ©ԭò󹷳Ĳ󣬻ǳӢǷüǣһɷ޷ĹǱЦţ¶һɺĻӲ͸˵ˡ
ϱúÿ󹷿ԼϱԼܾȵģȴֲ֪ΪʲôֻһһҪ͸һ
һЩֱ󹷵۾Щһ۵۾ֿĶЩԾ󹷣Ҫϴ˾Լɾ·ɡ
๫
󹷣
ϱըë
ࡣ๫
ƺɵֿЦŶһ
ӣŽ컹û˾ĳԹһٷɽӦÿժһЩҰʲôģǱϱ¨ɽȥ
ɽЩףķ紵һԭЩȵƽ˲٣ţͷѰſʳõĶһʱемƧԼĵʱ鿴һѡ
֪б¨Ҳˣһ˵òԺ󣬱һǳһŵɽˣƿţȴһλİڴ棬Ŷ˵ʲô
ۼ⡰ϱȥˣһΪ㲻ˣҡҡȥ̡һ˵ţһ߳һ
ԱİŴ󹷵ĶЦ˵ϱһ֪ǱλȡָϳˣûгԵģһʳϣСܶȹμѵӡ
һ֪λ󹷿еġ̡Ҳǡ˵Ҫ޵ǸôͻȻ뵽ˣЩڣæǿԼ󹷣š̡ʾ˸ж֮飬ǻ̼̫ʱˡ
øлңҸģǿ˿ߵһߣĿˣͱ̺
һԼûзֶ
˵ϱ˵ˣҪ϶පСӡ  ĻҭסҲӦʲôֻĬĬߵʳǱ׼Ƶ󹷿һ룬ٵĿʳѸٵķŵ棬Ȼܹһģڴӣ󹷹Ѿͷһ䡰лл㡱
󹷿ԼϱЦţšԺҪɻ۹һˣ󹷿Աߣɵİæˮ棬ϸˮһڵˣ๾ĳҲˡ
ϱϴù룬ߵ̨ߣԿϴţһ󹷸ɻģֱϵļҲ֮Ķţֿ˿ԼûݵģЩĽҲĶãֲԾ
󹷻ͷһ˵ı飬ĴβҲ
ĳҡҡͷˣȥˡ
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ϱȥģҲҪȥ󹷿װȫϱ׼ŵӣܲģԼϱӦҪԼһֱһ𣬶޲У
ڴĿ⣬ýֺͷ֪ʲôǺðɣɽȥҪȥ𣿡
ô᲻ȥأҪϱÿÿһУһں󣬿ԼǰıҲɵƽ
һ£ͻȻקסһԱ߲ݴҪȫȻͬƽʱɵģһǰϤϤһߣڴĲӣѪڣϹŵҶʾѾŻܾˡ
СڳĺŰѵŸոտʼֵýһЩˣûжŹֻǴĶ󹷣󹷿Լϱ԰һɫ˲Щӿߣһץסߵߴ磬ѸϲӣϽϵͷ߳ȥʣµô֦ղ˲֪ãûжˣ󹷽װ¨̫ˣֻһС¨ӣһԼţͷ֦Թ񣬻ͷŷһĶ
عͷЩ׾İοšϱûˣûˣѾҴˣչʾŴִֻԼϱɫӲ԰ˣááߡ
ϷӦߣˣߵҩӦÿǮ󹷿Ÿոջŵɫ԰׵С˶ɫ𽥺˿ԿЩ⣿ϱôˣ
󹷣֪ôȥ𣿡
ҵȻ֪үţȥϴ̴ȥ˺öóԵģϱҲԺóԵ𣿡  ɵҲȫɵôǺãڲȥɽˣ߱ȥȥϣ
ϱȥԺóԵĿ
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ڶһ磬󹷿Ŵȥүңү󹷣Ϥİֱ󹷿ڡ
Ӵ࿡Сʰɾˣ⡣ǸɵģôһߣүôһҲǷǳԾ
ҸɵģүȥҪϱһȥ
ŶãȢϱˣҲк˰ɡẓ́ڳͷڿ󹷺һϳɣһ۸ˡ
ллүһӦһˣ˳ֻһڵţ̫ˣû취ظˣүҲ⣬Ųˣͳˣһ·ϵߵ󹷿ԼϱӣһһЩ죬үĻ͸ӲҶˡ
˼ʱڵϡƻʱһߵǡ˵껰˦ӽ
ôߣù·˷׷׻ͷҲ⣬һѰĵطţͻȻһλŸɾȥ·һ΢Ǹ̬˵λҪ𣿿ɷСǰǼҹӺǸȤ漴һָԱ߾¥
ԣ󹷣Ǹȥɣһ˼һǿ˵ʲô۶ӣ¥İ䣬۾һλվӣһöɫ壬ŵۣת
ţһλʵСӡ
ովͿؽֿ߹ִ߿ϡȥ̰֮ɣǳۣˣֽˡ
վű⣬չɢϣĵĴ̹⣬һ¾ͲǷƷһɵȻ֪ʲôĿĿڵȷǼǮȥĵط϶ԼۣһҧڡҾ
;ʱѾ۲ߵļ۸ˣ
ԣһӵǲ˵š
һ˼ɫ̾Ȼûˣʶ˴
õǮƣ߳Ǯƾ͵λˡ
ոպ˶ЩЦ˭סδ֪͸ͳƱףҲǽˣ˵ԩͷ͹ˣùƱǾͺڣתŻˡ
ľϣƷŲ裬һ˲˲Ŀ뿪ıӰһ
ˡ


3 д
Ӳ¥ţеƱţܶһӣȴ󹷲ǸеĺŶϱˣǸе˵ô𣿡Ȼͣס˽Ųһɻ󹷣ôˣƲ죬ЩԹƲͷ
ôˣ󹷣
ߣϱﶼǸոǸеģ๫ˣôܶԱЦôأ
·ǵĶԻ׷׻ͷĿעǣһֻܺһǵģ󡭡๫˺üǮҸأ
һԼĹͣʱҲˣСһЦĶϱ˵šҾ֪ϱϲˣԺҪеĶϱ
֪ˣ֪ˣܻӦ󹷵ĻǮׯһ300Ʊ150ɢԼ3020ͭ壬ͭóĲ·棬ֵ·һص˴ϡ
ӣҲЩˣ󹷵Ķ͹๾һᣬѡ߽һһС
˲ˣŵһƷ̯ӣϸĥһ¡
󹷣ȳţȥ濴ϻ
ҲҪ
ڶԽ֣һ̧ͷܿˡһָָ
Ų鲻ԸĴӦáҵԡ
ò״̬ĳˣտһλֻ̱Ǵ󹷴ߣǮأһ׼͸󹷣תߵſڵʱȴһЩС
㿴ôôεѽĚGҲ֪סûгף
˳ǵĿţȴǴ󹷣ƽʱճŷŲ˵ʱʵһģ󹷿ſڵϱæ߹ȥһ£ɵЦţһ⺩ģҲЦ
ָϽȥƷȻûȴһӦȫһЩʳ׼̶飬ϵԼص㣬үոպҪˡ
һ߿Աλָ˵Ӵ׸ǹ͵ˣôණǸʲô˼Ҵô죿
Ҹʲôϱ˵ЩĻȴǲԵģġ
ʲôǴ󹷣ҵλǲŵģϸƣ淢ŵȷǴ󹷣ֻǸɾˣ
ߣǸ󻵵ңϱ֡
˿׺ݺݵģҲЩԱ񣬰һ·
ڵ˴һ󹷰¶ѲӰֻԱߵһЩķ˵š׸ôණǽΪãҵλϲˡ
ллѣҺʹ󹷻עġ
л޵Լˡ
һô󹷰ĶŵԼҰںãޱʳ
󹷣⼸ʳȥƨƨߵĿʳ·һŴ󹷡ҡβ͵ģЦݲԾ࣬ĦϧûͷҲֻܷˡ
󹷺һԶ󣬲ݴԱߴܳһǴó޶Ʀ飬֮Խ飬Ϊųªޱȵ룬һ뿪ıӰTMDСôôÿ۷Ź⣬۹һתӷˡ
̣̣Һʹˡ
ˡһԶĹͼЦݡ
̣ϴθʳ̫лˡȻô󹷰ʳ
Ӵ֪Ǻúӣ̸ǵĲû
̣ûϵģ󹷴һߣһǮİɡһɵȻ̰ɷ֮ĲûС
ôһ˵ҲͷˣԭҾ˵ڴ˭ɽĴأúӣԸɡ
ģûѣԹ߻ؼҺһ˳һԼûͳȥһᣬֻǸжѣʲôģ
󹷣ڵʰ̵Ĵ̧ͷɻĿԼϱһֻһ˵
͸ģлˡ
ϱϱƯҪһӶţٺ١εĿֿʼɵЦĴ󹷡
ˣ˯ɡϵϨ˲䰵

ڶ죬һٵѣһһ׸Ű
˯ߵĳЩջۣ´·ûã
˭ϱ˯
ĸǰĸߴӢӣ˭أ
ʲôңϱ˯
ĸЩţĿһԼҪ顰һû뵽ĺӣ׼ô꣬Ҳ˵Ȼҵã㲻֪𣿡
ЩȴЩЦԭļ䣬ûôѣҪ˵ѣֻ˵ԭѰɣ˿̵ĶԴҪҪͲˣҲȵһˡ
ߵſڣĸŭģ֪һ뵽ԼĸЩֱ治ոջߵģЩˣ󹷿ԼϱģᶨǰŮ۸Լϱ
ʲô۸ϱ
ĸЩĿһ¶ƽµģ󹷷ŭһ£ŮһŷӦѾǴǰˣק󹷣Ѿ޸ˣ׼κιϸ͵Ĺš
ϱٺ١ĻļˣಽĸŸո˵ԼˣһתЦáаˣЩп
ԺΪˡ
ٺ٣ûаϱǻҪöأǲˡ
ôÿ쾡Щ顭
ûˡ
󹷿˿ԿЩ⣬Ϊϱˣ
ĸԼȻһ֮ˡ⺢ӣӲòˣð۾һתȥ
GιζԼĸף˲ТﶼԲϷˣ޳ȥĸóȥˮһҲܼġĸڴſôţ̺ܾʱТ죡
ʱĴ˶ʼ
ɣҿо˰
֪֪治֪ģ˭֪أϴλһߴİһء
ģŮʵ̫ˣֲТ͵ˣӴʲô
֪ʱȫȻĴڵĳˣŪôʣɽ׽ҰȦһʹһٽϱ壬͵ԣһҲЩΣվһСһҲû͵Ϊֻߴ
һһҲǹˣкŴԣŴ߹뷹ӵݸ󹷣͸ĳ
һڴϣʱ󹷵ɵΪ΢š
󹷣ôһ㣿Ҫĸɡ
ðϱҪҽʲôҾͽʲô
ҽһòã
ðٺ٣ϱȡ֣㣬㣬ҲŲǹءٺ١Ժ޵Ҳϱȡͺˡ
һ󹷵ĻԼû˵꣬Ȼ˯ˣǣܱɵǼɵߵķ̾һţȻͷ˯ˣﲻһǸңȫɵϱЦݡ
ڶһ磬ΪԼҵļϣ˼һѡȥүңļݱϾ࣬Ҳ˵Ǳű¨˵ȥȻֵòŵʲôʱ


4 
һ̾һΪһʱȡ֣ܾûﲻãԼô򵥾ˣôҲȡô򵥵֣
ͷźദʱɵı飬һԼһǰδĸоһԼ
GǲǼ޸󹷵Ǹϱ
˭
ǸŮĿ캳˵ǸҾ֪ʲôûɫ˻޸һɵ𣿡
ǣ͵أ˵øߴ峤
Уÿһ˶ٶЩ۹һοԼ̫ˣô࣬ô࣬ôУôУôСͷӿŲǰߡ
ԽߣԽЩ˵Ŀ⻰ֱң첽ǰߵ˶ʱҲ޷ˣҲ޿κΣֻܸӼӿԼĽŲ
үڼ𣿡һľţ˵š
үľţẓ́ԥһ׸֪㲻ĺӣ˼ܿĶԴ󹷡үֳ˿ں̼˵Щɾͣʹעһ£އNͬǧ޵÷鰡
еүһʱ֮䲻֪˵ЩʲôЩӱܣ̬ܵȣҲŲ³ַĴһҥöɱǿװ⣬ߵأЩĹԼأ
ллү֪ġһ¨ҧ´˼
ǺúӣֻƱ۰ôԶʲô𣿡
һŷӦ̧ͷǵģɽ׽˼ֻҰιһ£֪ûһЩԳԵĶ
еģеģš
үŰϣװڱ¨棬һҪǮүȴ˵ããׯʣĶֵʲôǮơ
һüͷæͭүæת첽
үͭ壬ǰĵĽŲ˵šǺúӰ
ûнſھͿڹԼҶϱôصĶۼˣæӹ¨
ɶˡһ˦˦첲
ϱȥˣһҶ֪ȥˣҳȥ˺üȦ˵ҪڼҹԹԵ㣬ͻˣǲǺܹ԰󹷹ҡβͣ
ţܹԣЩץļóԵĶԺÿγԷʱһѾͿˡ
֪֪ͿͿԷСȻСֿ¼ˣ㿪ĵĲУʿˮȻ󽫱¨ö˶˵ķڳƨƨߵĸһ
ڶһ磬ŴϵֱҴҵѣ´ţŷĸɲͬϴεǣΧ˶˺ܶΧߡ
ĸۼһŸˣȷǲǴ󹷣ϴȻ˵ԼǴ󹷣ǲһɵ۾µһת˵
ð㣬ТҲˣôܸոռ˾͵أѺӴ
Χ˾Ϣ˽ľǾˡӴҾ˵޹ĸɲʲôޣ
ڴʱ߹˵š˵˵ǸǴ󹷡
󹷣ôܣôӢ𣿡
GϸһǚGʲôĶʰɾ˻ͦ˵
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ŻȻ찡ô裿İɡ
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һĸ뿪̣ͻȻǰӰʧǸĸĸ׷ССһڴ𽥴ųõķת䡣
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һĺĻɵƽʵʱҲŲ³ʲôˣǴţĸֽССһΪԱųܵԼ̵һȷԼ߳ܶ࣬Ҫú˲ǣΪʲôҪܹȥţȥһѾڳˣڵһһǹ
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԰
Թ緹ţȴһλʶӣ㿴˷ܵĺһ䡰壡
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׸Ҳܿ󹷺˶һǰɽ񵽵ģҾӦʲô˼ңŵԼȥͺˣ˭֪ɵˣһɵôãҳԶţȻȢ˸ϱﻹ10ӣȥɣҿˡ
壬ҲãԼŰɣҺܸ󹷣Ȼ֮䲢ͬĶķޣǴƣҲҵֵһԴģҲȡһֽС㡱
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һߺյ˫͵ſ֡ȻԹȥ


5 ϱ
һɾһڣߵ˶ܵģͣð亹ƺ֮С
㣬㣿ôŵҲֻάŽ˫ʹģ
һˮȥˮˮϰǽǸϣౡౡԷССס
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㣿㣬ôˣ𣿡һ߽ǰ֣Ծ׺ģЩһ
ͻȻץס˫֣ѹһȴһŵöһ
ϱأѽ䲻䣿Ҹůźòãָֻֻɵģиոs˵һȷûºʵҸ࣬Ȳȣ
ҪҪȣϲϱˣٺ١
㹾๾ĺ࣬ԥģҲǷ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҫˣáϱóԡһɾ룬оӦǲϴˡ
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ˣȻˣǾ׼׼߰ɡ׳ǰţȴ
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һֻ꣬Ѿǵڶ峿
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ɩӣɩӣڼ׳Щ⺰ţϾܲףҲý
ֻЩŲסſһ⣬׳˴˶Щ
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ɩżҪ˵أûӵģѴȥԺںҩˮܵĲУ˵ҪϱҪס
ááȥҴ㡱һ˵꣬ææˡ

ءܡҪϱֻûһСĵطܵĿҪըˣȫƽʱϱģž͸ˣ˿ѾһΣշˣΧܼĶƻ飬ֹҲ˵ˡ
һ۾㣡û°ɡ
ϱҺ㰡ҺܡԼϱæԴײײȥ
ˣˣǻؼҡһŵķסҶĴͷºϴһһţ̫ˣڻеŵϤζ󣬾Ͱˡ
صңϴЩԺĿǰϱ
㣿㣿ɿңҸȥˮູ̫ܵġһѲ˵֣ҪһЩҡ
ߣϱܡ
ܣ
֪ͺƽʱĵطɻĶԼϱɫӵǱɱ
һﻹôأŹĹĵӣҲ֪Ǻá
ϱôأǲҲһܰȻôô찡
㡭㡭ԼǸ
ʲôǸиƯҺˣҲǸ㶴ϱ
˵껰ҲЩＫˣֻƾһһڴϡ
ϱŶ


6 ̰
㰡ϱҹֵ´ȴϸɸɾˬˬԼϴԲôģ˵һϱæϴ⡣
߽ͷԼϱȺ͸ůģֱɵɵĶϱŹеĶҲûνˡ
һͷ׼òˣͿԭزˣŽ飬Щ˼վԭز֪һ󣬼װƵ˷
ϱٺ١ÿʲôѽ
ʯϵ˺κμģҲ
̣G㣬ż
ٺ٣ϱʲôóԣ㰡ûԹôóԵġ
Ǹɵӣˣɡ
㣬׳ĹǮԼպˣһһͭԱߣֻûջȥ
ϱϱǮҪģ۶޵ǮԺ޳ҪööǮء³Եĸɸɾ룬ѴƸڷˡ
һҲ޷Ȼʱ˵κߵĻȴҲһĵģѵܰɣsureùǮߵڣ׳޷ӵ飬ڴǮҪһӰɡ

׳磬ڼ
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׳Щԥһֱɢɢɶʮˣ˵ҲǸӣƽʱǿԵģզզȻ˵ϴǸȷǴĴôǲȫȥʲô¥ڴֺҲǱŵòУһһãӾͲһˡ
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ôǶòɫķ߿ɲ׼Ŷ
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7 ʹ򻵵
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ҺͰӣһɱԼ֮ǰǸֶˣȻÿ춼һЩΣһЩС飬ƽ棬ȴ㣬֡
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ԼϱΪæµӣЩæڶæµϱӱסһ
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ȣȡ峤˰һˮѹ
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峤ԡζӳٸһλɣҴˣĴˡ
Ҫ˵ˣɣɢᡱ
һ鱻ߣûʲôֻ̫ǱԼĶ飬Ҫɱ˵Ļ粻֪˼ˡ
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ˣ㣬ҪһֱˣҶˡ
ҪҡͷǳԸģΣҲֻˡ
׸׸ڼ𣿡
һ˲֣һιҼȥţ׳ǳǸıʹСӡ
׸̫Բʹˣ⼸ζǳ飬Ҷš
׳磬ûµģⶼǴ˳룬ģˣЩˣԺɲҪپñǸˡһҲ֪Щڣǲã׳һ
ҡ
˵ɩʲôʱȻתŻ⡣
׳һȻɫԺһЩЩ·ݣæĶء
ãʱҺҲһȥմմϲһЦĿźʵ
İǣô˵ˣ


8 С
ƽֹ׳ҵϱڴŵʱ򣬲С˸СӣһյϢʰʰҲһȥףˡ
ۣϱ޶ôСҺˡڱҡԱߣСĺ¾ѵ˯еС˶װ۵ģͱһСȦգſպͻζʲôֺĽѾ΢ţڻÿһ˵ϡ
ǺǣǲϲްǾŬŬϱ¡׳ɩڴϣɫЩǻ󣬿ӣҲǾȤ
ɩӣǡءһĻͷ۵ĲУôһĶڴ
ˣҪöأϱڵϸߴĻ͵վȴ߶˱Σ۴
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С׳ɩʵ۾ǱţǸߴӢʹԱСֻһӡҲһС롣
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9 
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10 
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극ճпһһĳգ˵ץסһ˵ץסһ˵θ׸Ŀ¯˰
һߺʶϴ㡣
һ㡭
̡Ȥˡ
̸󣬳һȥæӻļ˺üΣ˲٩٩ѴԼϱϵת
󹷣һ
㰡Сӣ㿴飬Լ͵ſ̱䷨һӶͳǱʱеС顣
̡Ҳ֡üͷ
ɵӣ涼˵࿴໣ˣԼ͵͵С˾ͻˡ̺ƭ
ģ˫ðС顣
㡭һɻĿŶڽﲻ֪ڸɵ
ûɶҲû˱ŵʹܳڽ䣬ýź
Сŵˣȥϴ˯ովȻŵòһ£ҲЩŭ
Բ𰡣ϱԣ˯˯ٺ١ץסؼʻͬͬŵ
զ£ĪǸɵˣԺǸ˳ɡһȥӰ૵
һ𴲱ߵ͵ƣ˸ڴϣԺأͻȻоԼĽűʲôץסˣŵһ˹
˭ʲô
ϱҡ
һϸźӰŷֱӦ˯ŵ㡣
ˣôˣΡߣ
ϱҡۣܲܰࡱ˫ɴҲǹãһֱǸСݣǾͱԼԲԼϱˡ
һɲ˯ˣɵϴҲǣҪǡ
ҡϴβǰ㻹ûѧᰡҺǺҹȻܿĳĺϲһ
ϱˣûһֱ
Ƿġ
֪ˣѿ˰ɡһһ
紵ɳɳ죬ԼԼһЩĴϢ
#
磬˵ΪɶˣǶ˺üաż򣬲ͣҿ첽š
ǰɡ־Ҷһ԰š
ǡϴεô˵ҲƽְɡС˵תָոջŵѾûӰӡ
ιһҵǮ


12 Դס޸ġ
˵ǽǲǲˣ
ڷԼҽɫɵ̵ɫʱʱٺ£ʵ׽͸־ļʵ
־ϸ۲ܾе조ɹơ
ɱϹ˵־һۣǽ˰ɡ
Ϲ˵ʲô֮ǰǸСӳǲǾ飿־
ŷӦС۽ʲôˣɶ񣡡𾴵˲ִٺһȫƥСףǷǳִģɲ뿴˺߰Ķһ
־һǷ߷߲ƽӣҲ֪СʲôǣǰһţǼ⡣
߰ɣȥϼһҩýָ䡱
š
#

ô˭һüͷã̵ߵſڣСš
֨ѽ
¶һһ֮ԵӡԭϴǸСӵӡ
׹Ӱãһȥׯ͸зԾɱŲ̬ȣ΢΢һƽ˼ūŵģ
һƽչѾˣȷӦü棬֪һݣǷǲõϰߡ
ԣʰƬ̣ͺ͡Ҷһ
ӵʹ۾̬ͼƵģūڴ˵Ⱥ
šһҲᣬתѴϵɵ̳Ƿ˲š
ϱʲôʱԷЦеģһɫ
ȥȥ˼ҳԷʰһʰẈ̂ùɵӡ
һڶ·ĴϣָɵιЩʳɱٴᶪˡ
Ǻˣ鷳ˡһ˵
ް
һֻ̤Сӣһֻʹȥ˵ôûûأȻȲִĽγҲ㲻ˣ˵̺пǵݵţĶࡣ
ϱҺƨɵë׵ĴУЩʹ
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Ȼһߵԭס񣬵ǹ⿴ſߵʯʨӾ֪ҲǼ򵥵ĴʸŽţתתǼ˵ӰһۣͼеˣһֱűȻһСģ
ӴǰС˻ְ˶ȥ
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ſޣһʶش
ԣǰҾ;ļ죬ȻţҲǡɶĶԲԣ̫ˣʲôᱻ˷֣OOCһ졣
һҲǿĵĺܣû뵽磬¼ͷ˵㣬ȥòãЩˡ
æһūͣ˼䣬·
㲻ϣ˱ͲˣϱĺܶҲԼϱԼϱӵģ󣬻Ǹˡ
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ãġ
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ǡ㡭ôôң⻹ˡǰ磬Ϊеֵ
һЦЦӻֱʾ˵û£ѾϰˣҲԭӲģҹǱߵѾ
ǱǸ
ҺðһСӸˡһ٩š
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Ҳǣ̫ɡһο˵
̾˿ּ˵磬ЩӦҲǺõĿ
Ҳԡһ˿ڲ裬۾һúȣ
úȰɣҸĲ裬̲ģײһϲģҲǺܸˡ
ߣȥԷò˵ɶͦȫҰԵĻС
һŽŲ÷ĵطҲָ˼͹ӵ״̬
λϲĿˣߣֱϱƭˣϱ
˺ˣԷǶһæסͣһףʵ̫ˡ
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־õҩƭһѾвͨˣֻǱǱؾ·ڴŰɵŰҩС
ŸոŪãũæ˴Ҵҿһ뿪ˣˬòУǶˣҪԺ󽫾ָ䣬ǵôҲɡ
־˸Լüٺӣνÿǹġ
ߣ㶮ʲô
һߡ
㣡ЩߡһſҪ
ǡ
ǶǸ˵Ĳˬϱôܡ
־ۼ⿴Ӱæߺȵ֢ҪǮ
һܣǰţ˿ûз·ߵĲԾ
Ŀ߹ȥ
һߺȣæµؼҵʱһѷĸ̯ܵλ˵󣬼ɹ̫ɽˡ
־㿴⣡
Ӧ߷߲ƽĿ־
âڱǡ
һʱԣ¹µСֻ̯ʰŰ
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㣡һͻһ˦ץסֱۣϸһȻָɽ
Сǵģ˵ˣԷһֱۣε˵
ε㵹ûɵ״̬תһ
ôˣһӣûЩ
˵Ķԣϱපͺˣ
һ壬ҪպȥɵᶴС¿Ц
¶ĺһѿСϱͷͻȻ´ţЩܣ㣬ʲôˣߴļ
ûᣬֱӽһڴϡ
㡭Ҫʲô˲ǣһ˵űԼ·զоĴ󹷲Ǵһͷء


13 ָ䣨1
һ𽥱ƽĴͷ֪Ǻá
ֻؼƹʩһڴŷԭǺһƣͲŵζ˵ôԾأ漴˵ˣǡѾˣ
ʱˣԭϱһֱƭԼΪʲôǲǸϲոǸеģƭˣҿС飬ӵġ
һĳ뻹£ô죬Ҫоǹȥô趨Ҳʵʵ壡
ûȾ꣬ǰɵͻȻأһһæ򵹵صˣ˯ˣˣƷ谡
һǶһ٣ѾᵽϺԼҲ׼׼ϴ˯ˡ
#
ʱڷˡ
ʰǲĵȥСļң֮ȻͷֽȻڷƷ裬ѹǰһ̵ʱ򣬽ô˵ҲϺȾơ
Լˣݵ޳Ͻͣһʯͷвˡ
û뵽Сͦǡ־СüĿģ֪Ժ󽫾ָܲܡ
˵ɶأٴܴĶȥһҰƥζЩ̫ܽܡ
ˣɡ
ݡշɹȥںڵӰ
#
ͷʹһ;ͷؽᡣ
ҡ˭
ģ
ԣ̴Ӯ𣿡
ܳȥһιʳСأͿһӰܳ˷䡣
뵽Щɬ󺰵ԷˣҸ̣ǡôܺȾء
һߵߣȴƽＱҴҪȥԷģЩɻ
ôˣǲͷۡһʶİֵݹȥڶͷϡ
ʶĿ˶Ūסˡ
˿̵滹һ罬һ㣬е鶼ըһը棬֪ʱ˭һʵ֧Ųסȥ
㡭㡭ɰһŻˣϴҲһֱ˯ղѵģ
þȫְشϣ׼Ҵڰ·ȴǲˡ
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һ棬ϾԽ鶼ˣοţ֮£æ˵ǵģոͻȻˣҪȥ
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鷳ȥһͻȻˡһʼ
־Ҳҵ󣬸žȥԷ־˿ŵˣ۵ľ򵽵ĺףʶĿһۣȻҲע⵽ˣƬ̺һߴٵϾͰ㡱
־ģŪһó׼ҩ˵£ÿռҩһΣ¾ͺˡ
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ллˡһʱϾĽ׶Σ쵹˯ҲˣôֵˣĪ˶
򣬲ǡɡ˶ɡ
ǲǣİɣҩܺãǻҪҽεˣ뿪ˡһ˵Щ־뿪
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͸ոǸ·ڣ㲻ȥѰǻģԺʲô㵽Ҳǰɡ׷͵˭㵽
һűϹϾ־뿪ȵϼҩʱûǮ
氡Ҳ֪ܲ㵽ԼģİɣӦò̫㵽Щɡֹš
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ֳһԾ뵽˿ĵӾιʳι㵹ǲãȵĻͦ졣
һܿףȴѵ״ֻ̬ǲ˲ЪϢ
һճȥŪ˷ˣŪŷֲ֣Ծ˺öƽɵԵĲˣվ̨ԱߣŷڹϵһΪʱ̫ͱ̣һɫС
ءһʱЩסˣҲģֻôãϦദͻȻ˹ֲƵģֵˣǵڶˣ֮ǰ鲻ǱֻǱⶪ治ȥ룬ȴɽһӿԼôأȥҼ𣿵ǸоԼѣԼôЩ
һĨĨᣬЦǷˣʲôء
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һ˻ˣ㣡ˣԷ
Σûʲô̫ķӦֻǿһʵ
㡭˭ҡ˭
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˵Ǹšũ򡭡㡭ѡȳԷ˰ɡ
һȷЩȻԼˣȴ˷ӦӳԷ
һÿһӶԼϲԵĲժҲǷֻǺ֢λɾˣò˵ҩá
ԱԾذȥȵ̨ѹôôü˼һᣬǰӦǿŵģôˣҲֻǸʶԼԺŪȰȽϺá
ϴˡ
һûκĻֻͨͨһ仰ܾ˿˿ʧĸоÿ춼ǳԣȴˡ
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ǡѣܸо仰ԣĵ׺ЩĸоѵǸΪܵĹϵԼҲ˵룬֪Сӡ
һ֪飬Ҳû˵ֻӾ˵ѺˣҪԼ˵Ƿޣʵǲ֪զ˵
԰
㿴һģɻ󣬲ô£Ա˾òС
ЩȻ˯ˣǸ֡ʲôҡҲ֪˽ʲôԼϤӦǺƽദġ
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˵ͽȥһ棬ոմǱΪƽʱԼ˭Ǳߡ
һûа취ȥҲܺǰһһ˯֮ǰһ䷿䣬ʰˣϴȥԱ˯һ첨֮䣬һ˯ˡ
㱾Ҳ˯ģҲǺϤǸԼǱ˯Ǹ˯źһãȻѾˣ׼˵ǿ硣

𴲿ţǸѾ𴲣ЦŴкˣ̨̣ȥ԰ɡ
һʱ飬ֻоʧ⣬ϢԷʲôĻʹǰһĵ׷Щ
ˣ
һ֪ǸɹˣæѲ˲ȥš
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ãˡǡһû˵ʵССѣҪ֪СŮǲģҰ¹ദɶ𺦴ȥǸֲݵĸоΪζԼأ


14 ָ䣨2
Աۼ⣬ǰָ˸оͲһˣæǰȥ廹ãʾ
û˵λ̨۾ôˣһֱĲͣ
á
ûκαװϲԼҲֻƲƲˡ
ǸˣʲôҲǵˡһ˵
û£ģַҩͺˡ־οһʾĿ˿
Ҳ֪¼ãҲֻա
ȵȣ㵽˭˿ֻ֪СʲôȻǰҲоϤǱʶԼǰСҪġ
ӴôˣĲʱ̿ſھۼļˣ֪ʱզ¡
ҩƽÿιһξͺˣ´ٳʱ־ɲ뱻̫˷ԼͽʲôӴŸոսӵ߱˵Ѿ׼жˣӣָӦָնõİ취ǲݾߡ
˵ͺˡ
֪ԭˣ˵ôˣǣ㲻
ֻ̣ˣǵˡһε˵
СڵĶദദʲôͼˡ̿һֿ˿㡣
ʲôǷޣǰǸŮ˵˵ôԾأԭҺӣΪʲôҪأ
ΪҪ˵ֻѣ
ҲǿЦãѽǸСô˵أ볤ĵΣҪװһװȷ
룿һԼǿŴĺ룬ԭˣֱСġ
̿˿߼ʹʧԾɵĽԼϱ˵ΪɶΪΪɷ飿
⻰رָ֮ǰЩЦõ飬ҲһһЩԼ塣
ǸҲǹģҲǵˣˣҶĻõģȻ֪֮ǰʲôףһḺ
ӴǴȻҲɵˣ°Ļ˵
֮ǰǸɵӣΪʲô㻹޸ң㲻⣬ԼǸɵӣǰСнò̸ҲãΪλ޸һɵӣ
ȻΪϲ㿩̵Ȼ˵飬ܵЦһ
̣Ϲ˵ǡһҲ˵飬ּæ˵Щǲ̫õӣǲ֪˵ʲôˣվš
Ӳ⣬ʡ
ˣļңѽȷϱˣ׸ҽȥģǲ֪ϴЩԺ󣬴Ҷ佱÷رóԣⲻ޷ӣ˹ǮҪȥŪʳء
̣ǮģѡһҪԼĵطĵģͬС
û£СʲôҲװ̵ţСҲȥģ⡭ǲǲ㡱̿һԥ˵
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Ӵ㣬֮ǰ֮ôϲ׸̿Сڻûб仯ķΧЦۣ˶þͿС޿
ˣǡ
#
һأԺֻʣһˣһ֪οڽͣ㵹ȿ˵Ǹһֱܿˣ֮ǰǸɵչһ۰ɣӽһŬ׬ǮҵģȥҲǵˣһᾡɷְ֪ǰԼϱСûκųУǱʶĲԾʧˣ˻ͨĺܡ
һޱȵˣϵȶҲ²ȥ֮ǰ˵ɵӣأҪͬһ㣿
šлл㡱
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һȥιιǽߵСǣֲԾ֮ǰ飬ĸ
ȷӦȻʰĸɸɾ˯ô̶ƶ˻ȥ
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㡭ǰɣǡǡˣ¶ɶʱܽ
㿴ǰСһ뵽־˵ԼϱЦţһɵĸоԭƤҾͲüĿһһ˲俴ȥ
ʱһЩŪ˼˵Īǿˡ
㡭ҪȥҩˡһӦŭһۣȻƹǰ
ɺãڻˣšϱ񿴵ЩʲôҪˡ
ɽű˴˵ĺ
#
׸㣬ڼ׳һͬȥһ˵ָҲǺܿġ
һžͿ§һ۾֪Ųźá
һ͸ƿסԼˣһ緢ʲô衭ͻȻסԼ졭ſ
źãϱġЦſǰСҲ֪Ǹǻ⼸Ȼôˡ
뵱ھӪԸǸԼһϱڿɺǵȫѹֻ֪͢ĶΡ
ӴС۵ģ߰ɣɶҲôȥŪ㻹Ǻ֮ǰæɻˡ̿ǰСЦ˻
鷳̻С׳չôˡһһ֮ǰһ͸©ɵ˲٣˵ҲЩ
׳ǰĴܾùĺܣũһˡ
#
׸ɡˣ˵˵ãСϲɵúú̽һ
GǵģáһϵȻûͣأ˭뵽𴲺ȻһۿԼˣåסԼһһʣǣһˡ
̫ˣҶ˵óԣҰֽֽ̡ЩˣЦЩСϸƣģһʱģҲ
ôţˣһЩҳ˶ѡһû뵽ִĲ˱еҪܻӭĶࡣ
㿴ɽ̸һ΢ЦŵĲò˵СȷԼϲͣţ¶˲ͬ
ˣϱˣĲɵô֮ǰһԼϱͣ
һҲ˵ģŲ·ĿһۣȷϴڿͣŻŵߵӾäժȥˡ
ɤŴһۣԼϱԼǳ⣬Сһ΢һ¾;ˡ
ŵ˱亹ͷԵȥɻˡ

ˣ׸пڸ֮ǰɻĺҲƼһͲסȥԷˣȻóҪµͷˡ
Щˬ죬Ҳ˵ʲô˵ø˼׬Ǯģܲ˵ɾͲˣû뵽ԼһҪΪϹսɱе־ȻҪǷӣһȤ顣
㣬˰ɣȵˮôأǲͷۡһ㷢ģΪͷۡ
ֿס׼С֣һ˵ˣϱʢ
һݵһСԼ֣ˣǽд󹷰ɣǣ֪ɵˣ
㿴һС죬Թ񡭡ס


15 
㣬ǸɡѷƽʱɵɵĴָƵģվǱߴɽһ˵Щˡ
ţˡ㽫ݸһ˳㿬˸͡
һǡһ쵽ġ
ǿһֲֶ֣˵ˣ˵ǰĺܣǡ
һߵ̨߷룺Ϊɵ
ؼæڿɲɵˣôá
һϺΣ˵ˣϴ룬˵ģҪȥҪû˿죬ԼǿŴʯͷǴɤϣ͵͵һ۸ɻˣԼһɷ򿪹Сӡ
׸ϴͿ촩ˡ
ĵЦһ񣬲ŷһԼϴ˺þá
ᡭ
Ǳ߸ɻӿųţ龰;۵ףϺں˵ЦʵעһҲû뿪ˡ
㣬Ľ㡱
ôˣ㿴һߵȻҲӰ
ֲ˰͢˰ա
٣
һʯ¡
üͷԽԽͿˡ
ǣ˵ʲôȥɻ
š
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һڻؼҵ·ϣһ˵֡
ס΢һ£ƾˣԱ˵Ѿ
ҹϮˬ΢ϴһԼ˯෿С⬱Ƶ̫ͻԽԽԶǿɾû˼ˡ
ݡݡ
ҹͬѰȴһӷӰ־̫ˡ
ִϣֱ˵¡
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ǵģǵˣǶӲ֪ҵĽʿһͨңƺ㻹ŵϢѾˣǶͻȻӿ죡
˼Ƭ̺˵ţ͢ȷ̫ԣǶܿͶ磬˾Ϳ
˼ǡ
Ҫ֮Ҵ˿϶֪һŵϢкһ
ŴϵˣҲףǸս޲ʤǶıĽڻˡ
С̽Ž̬ȡ
ţϱǵĽôˣ־Ļ
룺ˣǽġ
־ЩʧҲת˲š
#
˰ɣɵӾͼǸֵǮ㻹˼Ҹĸҵɷˡ
屾˼һͺǲһҪǱѣһΪֻͨ塱ڰŷ˵ģⱲĺܺȢһ뵽ʱΪԼӹŹӣˣȻոջصңһن¡
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17 ޼ƻ
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20 
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21 ֹ
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22 ظ
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23 ؼ
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25 
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26 С
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28 С
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Сӱ͵ĸ绳¶ԼĻδĵֿЦֻСһһϵҪץסǰˡ
Բһʱҵ˱źӵľϣʼҡΧƺ⣬һȥӾͿܰĻ档
׳׳ɩģһ̫ĥȥʲôΣյ飬ԸЩˡ
㣬㿴ץҵͷһĿСÿһٶ
Сѽƽʱ˭ᣬڿɺãôϲ׸׳ɩЦ˵
ôһͷʵƱţСӿļˣĸ磬գ
߽ΪԼϱһףȴ룬еͻȻ
ѽѽԱߵ˺ףҵ磡
ۡײĽš
ӴӴôˡ׳ɩεıӺţСӲˣץһ·֡
һͣڰеΣһĶޣûע
㣺ǲǲôҪӣо


29 ׳ɩ
۰۰СӾץһ·֣׳ɩûְֻһĻ
ѽСЦƯ磬
һСӵĿ⣬Ӹһ㣬СӵֻСֿϺϵĺò⡣
Сӣײ꣬ҲСƨɡ׳ɩҲųСӿһʵʵֵɣװŭԹ
Ϊһ·СƵʮֲˬ˵׳ɩҲһ𣿡
׳ɩַӦѾ֮ǰǸɵĴˣ˵ģʱԼо߼ԼȥͣΪԼϱ̫Ƶʱ򣬸оֲʵģǸһۻ࣬ÿֺǺɵЦʵһصӺһŵӺ
㱧ɡ
һҲȲԼźǹ˵ϲãһʼ޸ˣǴԼӣĲУɵкԺԼ˭ڴϲ
Сĵ㡱һСĽǰݹȥ
СǸ˾ֵ֪뿪ƯĻˣ˫˫ذҪֻҪƯ硿
ջСӶ𣿲Ӧǿɿɰ֣
ҲСôԼȵľͱסΪͶһ⣬ǲЩļ⸲ڹ棬ͬһȫͶ϶⣬ġ
ѽģԭɣҲƯζ
СӲˣһЦ
׳ɩɣо²أøǳ
׳һҾͲǸˣϤˣҲûʲô˼ģӦ
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Gӣ˵⡭ⷹôôôΡ˵ֽϵС׽
Ӵˣ˼ô࣬˼ô࣬˼㡱׳ɩǴͳˣΪһ³˼ôණܹģۼǲۡ
á˼ôô˼ǰֵܣɴûɵӿ⵹ģǰʲô򵥵ƣ׳ȥҴ󹷣ҪȻҲܻô׳ʵ
šлл硱Ҫ⣬϶Ҫ裬ҵ죬ȻƱˣ
ѽɱˣˣǻؼҡ׳ɩһ׳
һ׳˵ɩӣôˣҪжǼҰɡ
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һӣˣҲ׼͵ġ
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ת׼뿪˵㡭֪㲻ͨˣôҲҲʲôˣϣǡܺúõģҴҲֻǸͨĴ峤ϣʵ׳ɩ飬ǴģǴ俴Ҫҵ˾Ȼô㣬Щ⼸ûʲôҲûһЩȦһʵׯ˵ʲôûһƽҪ
ɩӣİɡתһᶨ
׳ɩЦЦû˵


30 
ϱ˵ãʰصҾͿвס˿ʼʰ
ǣôѣѾȶˣÿڴĻᷢùġ˵Լϵͱߡ
û˵Żһ֪Щˡ
㡭ͷɻĸߴţԾɲᡣ
ǵѻ꣬һԥһ¿˵๫Աߵ˶䶯˶˵Ǹϱֻ¡̫ۡǴΡ˺öѪսɱϵԼǲʱӲĲȫж£һЩ
һסļ򣬲˲صİɣзִġ
áţúҩˡ
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㣬ʰЩˡһѼҶˣԼ׼סء
뷨ԼϱҪԼؽۡģûЩʲôǼȻϱ
һóʱûˣԼǸÿɭɭģԼÿڼҾܸ¥ڿɺãýɶ㡣
ȿȡƲһūͣūԾɵͷһµģ
ȣ֮Ѿã֮ǰ˵õķֳɾС˵óǰѱ־Եӡ
һ͵Цţǵõģү
Ż۾ûţ˾ʲôϵö֡
־ӵţĬĬ˵ͷ
ϱŪˣڳɡ䱦ԴһЩ˰࣬Ҳö࣬˳ֿһ͡
Ϊǵһӣ㻹ͬ˳ǸִĺԼǰ
͵͵ĿһۻƵĽʶֺ־ۡҲû뵽ȻһΪǮ
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С۾һһʵǡеġԡץ
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Сԡ㿴ҡҿеĳĶһְͷʾ⡣
һ֪뵽֮ǰСеݣ˵ǡС룬ɫġ
ŶӦòǣҵϰףҪС϶ܼ̳мҵһ
ôôȤ
ĳЦǣƺʲô


31 ɫ

̸Ķ˻δľģǽϣż㵽µϱ壬Ŷˣġ
Gôʱ͵ˣɻԵĲȵġ
ôһţҲٶ֮
ÿӣ۾Ǳ׼Цݵĳˣϱ³ɡСĲһˣ֪ҵ顣
Ҷˡ
һ۾ۺңɡ
ҼҸ¥ɫǵΪƵġһ͵ģԴ˵
һƲһԱֱͦıЦһʾ˵ĺһ
װӱͻȻ̹ǵ亹ͷһȻˣզãЩأԼ񲻼βıһ
סÿĩ¥һ˷ֺ죬үҪˡ
ǡһĿǰһߵ棬˰ֱʾݰݡ
ϱϤһɡ㲻һĹע
̷Ϊ㣬һʳȡΪһʳһͼĸִһЩĹ̨ΣʱľƷֹҲܷҲø룬̨ſ߿ǽɸ档
ڶǾס򵥵ԡңéһ¥ϾôĹŴȽҲǸˮࡣ
һһĺܣҲͰźˣСͷӣ־ЩĳӺ͵ԱԿˣԼõĴ󽴺±д䷽ʱԼֽһ¾û⣬ȣԼ๫ĽҲֻһЩûĶˡ
㿴һ۵Ǿ֪Լ飬ϵ˿羰ڿϵˡ
#
ʰƬ̣һܰļҾʹˣǴ̣΢ޱݳ޵ڴ塣
һȥģִĴûʲô
ϱƽʱȥУﰲ̥
ˣһúչԼģϰ壬Ҳϰﲻǡ
ԱĻȡãĵĵ˵ͷƺʲôת뿪һʪģӶˮŪʪģЩ΢˵ϱҰϴɡ
һףɫֿʼˡ
ãԼϴᶨľܾ
Ұ
ѽá
㿴ϱ·Ҳʪˣһϴɣ*^^*



32 ҵ
˿ŵӣҲԼľ¥һһʼûʲô뷨֪ϰǼ̯ԭˣȤȻʱҲĺãǴ΢еʱⲻһʳͥУһ˶ˣֵǣǵҲõ˵Ҳ
㣬ôæҲȥæɡѾһ˵仰㻹һᶨܾ۵û£۵ϱô죡
Уʹڷ
㡫๫ҾȥǰвСһôҪʱֻ̣ʹԼ󷨡
ĳ˵ðɣǰǸţҶС
ʲô
ϸϴ衱Ц
áǩϲƽԼֲұʾ
#
һ¥ȻУԼ׼ĶϲǷǳֳʵĸо
СĵĴȺǰ̨㱸õС档
ϰ壬զŪģóԣģˣȻôóԡ˵ֿʼ
Ƕط˰ǿõ⣬մһЩ󽴣óԡ˵ͷһһԼϱЦĿһУ˶ӣԡ
żƤҪһأ⻹Ǹ
ڳ˶Ǹ¥Ǳ߹ĸ˼ңϵһݿ⣬Ȼ̳رóԡ

ЩӵūͰæãԼÿӼųԣųţ̫Լ֡
Щͨϰգˣû뵽һͨͨʳȻôЩ˼ڣЩȥ
һˣ־ģʵû뵽Ȼϰ룬תС䡣
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ԸСӲֿ⴦óλӣŽ˰úá
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ֻҪ˳֣ôͻأĭ󣬴Ҵææҽ뿪ˡ
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ļ죬һֳʳʳƳ˱˺óԵĴ棬˼ҲǮȻкСȥУͨϰҲʳģҲȶǮҲóˡ


33 ֱ֦
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һåݸ߸ȴüҿûǮˣȫˣСңٰʣµǮ㡱
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ݸ߸۷̹⣬˵ͷŶǲǣǮ⡱˵ÿԼ»˻Ρ
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̫ˣæĵ࡭๫ֻһͷҡ
ϻ˵ֱӽֱ˳ȥ
๫๫ȥģֲĸо̫˺£ϸ룬ֻǵѯʡ
˲˵ͻȻǰһݸ߸Ȼڵȴš
һǰ˵ˣӸҡ
ݸ߸۷Ź⣬СƽʱȥϵʱԼͿˮû뵽Ȼçƥһ飬ϡأԭ˰浱Ȼˡ
ֺ¼ˣóǰ˲ǺˣֻӻȥˡδɾͲһ
๫๫ҡ
û˵꣬Ȳסָӡ
ӣһҲͣķȥ
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ָܵĶı۾
#
㡱һϤӣе棬ԼԽƣÿն˯ǶԴζ¶ȸ
ϱҸ㿴Ÿո𴲵С˶Щ˵ѹӡԼЩæû͹𣬿һ뵽滳Լĺӣĺܡ
һڴߣһСһСˮɼˡ
˵֣ԼľȻϰ⸱ģˣҪǱı֪᲻ᳰЦԼء
ţӡ
ϱ˵ˣСı̥һȥǿ飬ɰֵŻˡ
һ죬Ҳǹġֻһ뵽ԼͲԾȥ
֪ˣԺעġ
ţ˲Σɲˡ
һǸƻƵĶͻȻ÷ΧʼŻ
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˶ЦţĿ⣬ǻˡ


34 Ϣ
СǸʲô̲衱
GϣԵȡ
ϴһҲ֪ǲǻеԵʣرϴڼϺȹļװ̲裬ݷãͰмһݣҲ̷򵥣ȽҶȻȥţ飬ǣٷ¼ɣȻ˲Ҷװ汾̲ˣȻ˵ζܱȲִľǶһԣѾǳˡ
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ˬƷܻӭ̶̼ӭһȶȣò֡
ϱֿɲܶȣвҶ㿴һ๾ĺ¼̲裬ЩãôҲЩ߰ĶԸʹҲ
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ϱúϢС㿴ŷˣ⼸ҲȶЩ߱ʵҲԽԽãôЩ껹ûб仯Ȼһˡ
һع񿴵üƺšʲôһֻüĹ˵æͺˡ
ãǱ飬Ϣɡ
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һһ۵˵ͷ㿴С˶ôԣ׼뿪뵽ʲôƵģոջߵͻȻתڶ˵ϱϡҸϴ衱
ɫǡ˵껹ϵͷǰˣװ£æ뿪
ֻһűߺĳˡ


35 
Ҷ
ӵķһĿڣ׵ĸѾһ׷ͷڳӵôܳԵñССĵҰͷֱˮǸ׺ĸ˵ֺֻܳõĲˡ
ӶŮδһССڷԼĶΪʲôԵ㣬ÿγôһͱˡ
ӴҵĹԶٳԵ¡ŮΨһһСĸò˵ʣ˸˵ļȣСӣÿξֻԼȺ׷Ͳͷ
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Ůۼˣæӵϼ˴ҵݸϵ˳ԣ˵һۣûӡ
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ˣɽҰѾҪոĲ࣬ôҲҲһСﷸѣҪǿտյĻؼңָһ
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ôô
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Ů˷ƵĿССĸոյ֪һȤ飬Ҫء
ﱻĸϵéˮϴһȻ·ͷҲ롣
ڼֻһֵŮ˿ĵŸӭȥ
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аɡվȢ׼ż˵ŰӵݸŮˡ
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֣Ϊʲôܻô飬ɷԼǵˣȥҹ׺ĸͶȥԼ
Դϴһǿʵȴ֪Ϊʲô
ԼҲ˳Ҳûҹ

һƥͨĿͣڸķǰһֱӿƥɾһǱ˵
ˣ
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ŷпϤӣ뵽ϴαԼؼңӦòǻˣʵ˭ʲôȷûʴϴκͿȺ˭֪
κ˶Щ񾭴֪ģΨЩֵĸоȱһܷܲӦͿ컯ˡ
׷ġ
׷ˣһ׸ϴӳԾ״̬˵ĶģһԽԽˣΪˡ
ԣڵ㣬鷳ʰʰ̳ɡ
áͬȱ˸ĸҲļٵģֱӿʰ
׼ʱŷ֣ԼôʹһƥӦôƥôֵܣӦô
գգ۾Ŀǡһοء
ˣɡ˵ֱӵֱСǰͷݡﳤȥ
ӺŽȥ￴һˣΧ£һɴϢͬΪСĸܵһϢ
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һ˵ͷʾ¶ˣ΢ЩӣڰҲΪԺԼ๫ĭܻбѰ˼һһܱͥСŮӻкһ۰мӣԼԲůҲԼıԺúȺá
һط˶Ժ㲻غˣס
Уû˵꣬üëܾԼĻɣԼҪ
G˵꣬أǻȱһչأҲģȥʡ˵껹ƤĶ˶üë
ҡĻʲôչ˰
һľᣬ˵ѵģϴˮЩӻһΪ˸ر𽫻ƶƽʱϰߵġ
Ȼһ˵ףôɵģӲȥϸһЩܣҲΪԸ񣬲Żɵɵɡ
ھͰɣʲôҪɣĦ׼š
šϴɣëͿˡһ˵
УҲ̫ˣûбġ
аҪסķɨɸɾУϴ󰡡ԡҲá
˵Żȫû˼ԱЩڵĽʿˮ˵ǸѾˣƹģСˡ
š
һ⣬ˣһ˲𰡣õͣ߳š

ãȥʰϴʱҡѾȲҪɻһ¶Ǯӻ԰סܼңšֵ֡׬ǮС
ĽŲԶһɫίϱ˵ýҸϴģôֻˣ
һЩССĲãϴ͹һ򻹡
뵽һЩ棬Ҫ˵ﱾչҵģҪЩǺУÿӡ
õĳֻץסԼƨˣˣʲô󹷣͸ýǣ
ίһģҲֻֻܴ̣ϱС˰
ոڴϣͻȻоһ飬ʲôɾĶƵġ


36 Ԫ֣ʣ
峿һһҹĳֻҰǷȥ˯ţۣһ۾Ϳˡ
ڴϳԺ󣬲ԱȥãåѾˡ
ˣ
׸𣿴У̫㡱ʵҲɻ󣬱Ͽţ׼ȥźһϴأȴصĸԼȳ緹ٽ
ոѡʱҲ̫ʱ˰ɣߣǻͦ˽ҵġ
ﻺŶ룬һְֻˮ裬ϴ̨ϣëŪʪ׸һģģо˴ȻֲСӣѵỹҪͿ
һëһģ˵ֲٷˡ
׸Ҹ㵱źôǰչ˹ˣôɡ
ôϸҲɲءһԼΪжսСԴӻ˱ԺԼƤԽԽԺȲԵʣϵһСһСƵġ
˵ǲҪʡһԼġ䡱˵
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ڴڳԲȫȻԼԵĺôĺãҪٳԣⲻŰԼôұҲҪԷ߹
һŸﲻʶԼ˵ʲôֵĻִãﵱȻܱ⣬ϣʱҲԬ¡ƽүүҾͲΪһʳ̼
Ϲ˵ģˣֵСؤǻ𣿽ҲЩʳǰɡֵСؤǸʱֵģССҲĶڽŴӷ洫ζǾȽϷ֣ǡһʳ㳣̾ٴΣ˼κЩĲ̣׸飬ԼĹǮΪЩʳһ֪뷨ֱӼ뵽ԮУȺСؤԼĹһʼҪڵЩƸǲܡ
ڵģҲûʲôȥ𴦶ǡ
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37 Ϸݡһ

˿ںʹԴӱǸݸ߸˺Ǳһ˼գĻˣְԼϷݡ
ֿԼϵĺۼ۾Żɫ޹ģҶֻǳڶŮеһĸȢĵС檣ܼ뵱ʱСңĸʹ˲ģΪ裬պǿˮлᣬòӭ̥ԼǸõʱĸ״ΪʧڵڶҲĸ˸кӡ
ֲЩĴ棬ʹʲô
ЩģԼʱΪĸ׵ĻƴȥμӱȽȴû˸ԼǸԲܲμӣΪϰڲıĸоƺţǸʱԼôҲᣬһСƨ̻ԼҲ֪ôˣһģӦӺͺ˰ɡ
˼Զ谵ķ͸һǹ״ҳڿС
׼һλˡϤе˶硣
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һʳԴƳ̲ڸģָİӦӲϾʵûۿֵűÿİһ
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͹ۣ̲ˣǵһźȰɡһݸ㣬á˵СϹ뿪ɫĺ˦ڼͷȥ
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G֣֣û뵽Ȳ裬ף˸㣿ɲ簡
У˼͵ġ
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38 ⡾
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٣ǵ˼ˣ˱ЩһĴֿ󺺣ƽҲûЩתת˼ˬֱӾ˵ڡ
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ЩĬ书ңСļҹֻйΪϣû˸߹Լʲôõİ취ȥˡ


39 һ
һûзӦΪԼ̫Խ࣬ԼҲȥ룬ĿϵЩĿҪԼȥ˶ԣʲôرãò˵ЩǱԼҪúõööࡣ
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һʹһĻ䣬ȻͿһֻ̰̰׵С̹Ų䵽һǰҡβƺѰ
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һʳһԿʳĶԽԽ𱬣ܶʱЩӦ󣬹˿Ȱ˵Ҫ࿪ңܾˡ
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40 
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Ŷá־ԼСʶ죬ܱ˵飬ֻԼѣôʶܾһ¡
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׸𣿡ҲǾԼͿôԹԵĳ
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֣Ϲ˵΢΢һ۸˽һЩԻõƤ˵㡣
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־ֱһȭģκԻ֮ǰָʲôһŲܣҲܲ³ָùЩѾǹȥʽǰ˲ġ


45 ֣ӧһ
˿ڻ۵Ҫȥڴ˯ţѾûˣ취
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ôţ׵ĴֽӡһӰҡ
ָ֡æ˼ף򿪣ôʲô𣿡
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ֿϤǮӣߵǸ𣿶ʱһ֪ʲôˣ˫ʪĿѣԼܽܣڣȴ˷ıһУԼǸҲܳСӾͺˣҲùڡ
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ˣԵİɡ
һ⼸ʩ඼ϲٶȣҲԽԽࡣ
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˰գǱǰ㸻ԣҼҶȥֻͻȻ˺ü˰գճɱͲãʵǿס˵ϷУֻܹһˡ
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磬ÿһʼֻҪϽʮÿճһ٣ôµҲ͹ͻȻӵÿһʮҵĲû߱ˣȻȻ벻
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46 ӹʡ
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47 ָ䡾һ
ʲô˵ӧ㲻Ϣֻò˼顣
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ѵǲжͲᱩ¶һֱҲǵա
ĬƬ̺־Żشã֪ˡ



48 
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׸̫ˣǶʩ࣬⡭ֹ⼸ֵ¼ٵʱ򣬴ҶؾصŶӣԺ󣬳ǼۣҽҲʩᣬÿ춼Ƿʼߵ
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εֹ̾һҪԼʩ뷨ʱԼ;ˡ
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Χ񿴵ȺʳֱſڵϽҺڵһһڳԽ
Եϵģ࣬ʵ࣡￴ĳﱯʹѣæֹ
һοֻĻ棬Լһֱ书ҳзԣר˽̵ȡùԽʹֱƶϣΪµĻ治ǺʬҰʤΪΪܵ׳һ桭ȴ֪ºİճ棬ҹӣÿδȥֱӻؼϴңӲ֪Щ
ǰЩӲǷݷһɡޱ˵
죬̫ĸܣӺʱǸͷ
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ȣˣգǸӣ̨ѾɣͲƵĸڻʳǱߣһҪֶϱγһԳͼΡ
ٰһʢᣬһֱֻǶصĺþƣ뵱ƻǸµġ
£̨Ѷضٲʢ
ף꣡
߿Զ̨ǰԼ׳Ƴڳ񣬻ֱߵǸԼƳҩˣҲԼأȻ˵ˣԼȸʺϵʵۣ
#
ȥǴţ
ϲĵܵܣ롱
ү־ϡ棬үǵ깬Ϊܵһ뵱ʥͬĵܵܣ걾Ҫնݳնɱĸ֣Ż˱ܻػʳǣΥɱۣ⼸꣬ĲƸڹүˮתߡ
ҪͶ־ò׼ע⣬һֱΪԼǺµĲӵõ鲢ûԼô򵥡
û棬⳯͢˵ΪþΪãƾʲôƾǸӣӵеĻӿɲֹһˡЦ
־ûӦּ˵֮ʱҷѣԺͺ˵ˡ
ĬƬ̺óѰҺõҩģģʼ׼Ϊָ䣬ι̼ʹ࣬Ҫȫһֻһ㣬Լȴܶ˿
׼ˣ
ţ鷳ˡ
ȽҩķˮУʼΪƻһһСջǽ⣬ʱ¶ȡ
ˮοսṹмװ汾ˮˮ־Լֻܶ˶ʱȥˮӻҲһ
°Ѿ룬һжȽҩˮϰʼ룬һȫܶˮµߣȻϴİܣΨһһ˿˿Ǵˮʱ򣬶Ҫ죬Чȴһ
֣ӧǳӣεľһĵΪûһоͺһ㣬ڲһˣҪ棡
һһĹȥóĬͲô˵Ƶġ
ԡͰ־˶Щǲ壬Ҫըһ㣬еȫѻ̴һԼ
ףĸף
С־־ߡ
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壬͸ڼСɫ·ǸԺ󳤴˾ȢȢ
֪ˣү
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СӣôҪȥˣ˵һִϡ
Ҹδϱˣ˵Ǹδϱģ
ԡе۾ϸЩĻ棬֣ӧ˵ûԼŵҪȢˡ
㡱һ⼸Ҳǿ־ܣʵû뵽ﻹôҩڡ
ģеġŲ裬ƺ޲ģʵı˭Լֵܡ
Ψһ鲻˿ֻ֣ӧˣۿ淭ۣȻתͷ֣ʱ޹طѣ·壬˲ָϵѪкüˡ
־һų󣬲ŻԡȥԱߵˮϴ裬ǽͷۻһվ˹ȥ
ϴ󣡡
ϴ󣡡
ûû¡ǡզĸˣ

鷳ˡ־һžͿԺȺȻ۾һָϾתͷ뽫ӡ
֣ӧĵӭȥʵ־磬ǵ
־˼еļ䣬ƺô£΢ĵ˵ͷ֣ӧļˣû˿ֵ߬·ֿʼ
ǡǸֻܼһ㡱
ǵʹô˷ǹЧٱЩѾˡ͵
ûϵ־ǵҾͺʲôʱף֣ӧȲ˵
ǸȻᡭ˵ҶḺ㣬ôҲִ̫ЩСӣô־Ľ͵޷ʵͻȻ˻ԼԼСʱĺϲŸоǲıģÿ֣ӧʱܾﲻԾ
Ϊ
Ǹе㲻Ȼطˡ֣ӧû˵꣬վ˵Ŀ뿪λ
־һĻżֱ׷Ϲȥȴ֣ӧһס־磡
лҵù͸УԣΪɶÿοһû⣬д֡
ҵĿһҪ


49 һ
־硱֣ӧĽеֻͬΪС˲˼ĸо֮һ򵥡
һʱ֮Σ־ţ˵СԼ˵ʲôܽ⿪ǡ
鷳ɿ
֣ӧŲ鲻Ըķ˫֣Ȼߵ־磬˵ҪȢҲǣΥŵԣΪҪǣأ֪ˣȥˡ˵ôǱ
־߬ȭͷֻɿ˵ǸҵĴһḺġ
޿ĳֹסᡣ
#
㣬ȥĻأһʰңʵҲ࣬ҪǴǮҪġ
ҵġݡ
ݣǳϱҪţǡ㸸ĸҲڣһ˵
ڣĸȥסߡ涼ǵĸ˭
˵ļ򵥣һȻ뵽ͨͥİ𣬸аˣǸ
û£һиͬĵܵܣܿɰġ˵˴Ƕ
𣿡һüҲи磬ΪԼǹĸ硣
Ҽǵи硱˵һ˵Լ⻹иš
ǵġԼӦ˵ԭĸɡ
һߣ
ֺ֪ҲΪ׵׾ӵĽ뿪ʱհһƬֻ֪֣ӧδһֹ̣ͣһ㣬Լʲô
ˣ
Ϥָҡ
ֵȻ֪־ոջ˸еֻˣ˵˭ҹøķţҡδȥ
Ļ־εҲ֪˵ЩǸҲԣԣҲ֪ʲôԣ֮ҾͻȻˡʱһȻŴ֪˵Щʲôźá
ֻ衭ѾҪ֣ӧ˲ǣͻȻңʲôǰϷݣûԼ˶ЩʲôˣĿ
вҾҪˣ
ҡ
ǡ
ߣߡ
־ʧ뿪Ӱȫʧ֮ҲûƼһĽվһˣһڷŭеˡ
кóЩûȥʳʱ粻֪æʲôȷǿˣڿȥС
ϵ龰òȥһƬģߵһʳǰȴ֪Ӫҵ
ֻߵһլȥȴԶ;ĹߣʲôļϽźһһ
˭һֱУ֣ӧΪ־˲岻׵ĹϵŪ÷͸ˣһҹû˯ո׼Сһ˴󺰴С
ű򿪣ȴϤˣֻһɷʱҪԵԼһ㣺˭һ
ǡδ䣬֣ӧĹ۲쵽ϴЩƷ漴һתɫ˵ܻ˯ɡ
˯벻ӦðʱƽʳͿˣ֮ǰǰʱĵطֿ˿һǰСΪеʹ˵鷳ȥһǷѾҡ
ˣ⹫ǰԼһǵʹô֣ӧԼǿҲˬߵ˵ƹģиƼҡ
˱ڴϴ֣һ¿ɼѣæ˵֪ˣȥǰȺ
ߺ𴲼ææ·Բ˽͵ǸҪȥˣ磬һЩ粻֪ȥˡ
ϱǸˣܺһʲô
ǸԭһȻ˵ǴԽ˰ɣȻ˼Ϊв־ֶָΣʱбȱнʸµ顣
ȥ𣿲ֵ飬İɡ˵ͷһڣƲֵǿӦ

ĶȦⲽſһкö໰ʣ㡭ҪȥĶȥ𣿻Ǹʲô
ȥôܻصȥءһش
ڱּĲǣ㿴ЩǴӱģ㻹Ҫȥ˲ɣ˵
ţȥһԣڵıǵıСҪףûֲǰܽһּ⡱
⻰ȴʲô˼ģ޹ԽҲˣòиͬ飬ȻԼҪС˵һȥ²
ʲôʱȥ
ա
ô죡һּ˵ôôż㿴ʳöãгдģȥʻˮһӲ𣿡
ãҵȻ֪ˣҴʱҲһҲãҲôΪǶһطˣ֧֧ûϵÿ˵ѡǲͬġ
ֻǸ˼ΣգܻӻܸĸТԼÿ˵ѡ
ͬΪִȻ˵ĻǡҪȫҾһѡ
ţ֪һЦ
㻹ҪʲôǮǳԵģתĵļʼѵΣ
ҪǶ׼ˣֻȳǣ㣬ߴߴģ֪֪ƫˡ
ߡˣÿװװȥ۵ĺòãֲԱ
һ󣬼ȥ
ˣˣ㵹һҪȥĸоһһſڣû˵
ⲻǵҡû˵꣬ոջڵʱԼһæݳ뿪
һɻôôˣ󱳴ϤĴУε˵ǲְˡ
ͷԼϱƵϱһ졭㷢ƭô죿ȥŵĵطǹүһ¿ɾ͵ȫˣҲһֱԼˣϱҲܣԺԼҲҪ֪ϱܡ
ƭңƭʲôһû˵ɵӳף˵ƭƭˣ
ʱۿʲô֪ʲôϱҵ
ôҲڱ˵ˣһʵ
ûУ̧ͷʲôֻܣʹ޾ǳΪԼˣÿĸļնδһƣյı˭ڿ죺ˣұضúá
ˣˡһæס죡ɼʶҪԣԼֱ˵黹ʮġ
ˣ˵֪ˣǵÿƭʲôˡһ˵ôܽӴѾûе裬ԼѾһˡ
˵ǡһ㷢ɶٲܲң뿪ңܡ
úúãҶӦ㡱һҪٲֹֻ֪˵ٲܲС
ٺ١֤ĳˣɵЦˡ



50 롾

㲻ԣӦǹܲѾ˺üķ֪룬ϱ˵òܲҵġ
˵ʵҲһսĴӢӹܲȻԼߣ뵱ԼǴСЩģսɱУǵԼߵĻ
ָչ˷˵ģͷİɡ־нȻ֪ΪɶչҪ֮죬϶Լ
Ի͵үۡսսĶȥĶ֪һĸȻ˻ʼӵܣǡֻˡ
ֳ⣬ûκľĸı䣬ֻǣԭȻǽ֣ǸλãԼȷ䲻ϡ
һһʼӴүۡΪǹܲԼһЦҪӣԼŴӦ죬ϷϺȥϢĵطԼӹܲǸԼ֮ԼʧȻԼˣ໰أԼҲȷС˵һ㴩ԽҲ١ֻԼʵǲ֪
ԡӵ¡ҡܸһսɱ˵һսɳҲǣ޺
ۡЦþûôԵĺӣ뵱жֵܸոսӪҲô˵һ۵˵Щֻ
ܲûʱСϱˣ˚GϱС˵õģ㻰
ֶ˵з⼢ģ֮󣬼ûнҲ֪Ժһһ췱ʢŲ裬۽ƣȻǺԼͬͣûиϵήҵʣ˵δȢҲ֪ӶǲҲҪһ
ֶǰʱҾ;ãʺϵʵ۵ġ
һ֣ӧ˶һ˵ĺǻأһϻû
Ǹһ£ȥϢˣոͻȻ䲻ʲôû
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ֻǡʲôһ⼢ء
еģһͻȻֻش⡣
ܲԼϱԸԼǰ׼ǰӭȥ˼ҿһֱۣ˵ıʺϷֲˮЩĩãõ͹ʵֲ
߱ԭһƬߣϷǨƶӡֲˮҲ֪ʲôá
еģףײˡ
׵ܹܣײôӲҲû
һЦݲˣʵû뵽ԼҲһΪ˴ɽʱԼڹҾʡ߲˵ģĵķǳбҪ
ݲˣ뻹ǵһ˵ֶݲˣˮĲˣ
һΧ˲Ŀ⣬˵ֻҪЩϻ⣬ʱͿˡ
ץסؼϢ⣿˷Ҫ⣬ǼҼҶеġ
ãһؽҲܴﵽԵ¶Ⱥʪȡ
¶ȺʪȡԽԽС˵ʲôո׵ȷǸԼһΪɶԷһҪԴأҲܹ
֮ǿɡͶˡһ죬ѲƵģ˵©졣
ãҾһء
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һĳͨĳԲ⣬Ϊ˽̰ȻѾɣ˰Ѿָĵı̽Լͷһˣڸô졭
ǡѾˣָЩʲôʵ
˲Ųæ˵ϵץ˽ɡ
͡һʲôʲŷ⣬Լźֱ˵Լ̼û뵽ĳʳҲ𽥹Ӧ󣬻Լǻӡ
Цһش
һ߻ʹ
Сˣ°
ѽϣ˼⡱
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İͷЦ׷ڴᱡŮӻ߸־űڸ˫۵ա
ЩǱߣôζĶվЩᷳˣֽ֮ǰеļ輧л빬ԼһͬˣԼ˵ҩĵ³㣬屶ֻҪȳҩзɹ
ϡܹ̤С鲽æҪ¡
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ǡܹȻһϣֹ;Ȼû̫ӣʵҲֲܹûԤϵ̫ӵþһͻȻƨûֱ̫ӵλɣȻ̫ӵĽ̵ҲӸϿڹߵԼҪˣҪʲô̫ӣ
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ͶһĴӻصڣ۵̧ͷͷӻظûС
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ֻıߣǵ¾òɣԲ
㡭ʻһڵģе㱾£ڻûﵽԼĿ֮ǰ̡
̣ƵطҲˡƺ뵽ʲô˵ȥѺ¥ĻΪǼС
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ӵ²ˣиˡ˵ֱתߣȹʻӦ
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븮
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ǵģĵȷȷЩˮˣκԩĳɷ֡µ˱
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ֶϱΪԼƵ̲裬֣˵ɱʲôûʼֱץˣһץһ׼Ҫ֪Щ̰ٵԼҿһġ
֪ܲǻлƽʱӽˮĴӾȻҲһҪˣ˹ߣΪȥʵĲıҲܿӹܣôҲǸ˲ܲԼĲܰɣǹա
ֶǰĵ·ҪеĻҪš
л㲻ͻȻɹ
л֧лл


51 ײˡһ
һ֪ʵ۷ˣ˵ֲˮܶ࣬ҲһСֲײ˵ũּģԼȥ֪Ǻõ£ܻǮѾָмˡ
ллллˡʵũϵóЩǹүҼҵʹӣڹĸмһ
£ʣ࣬Կɸ֪үۡ
λϷ涵Ŀһײ˱ȥ϶һЩճʳ
𣿡ʵѹһõİײˣʱģΪЩ飬ŶõˣҪʲôݲʲô
˵ġһͬԼһߵİײˣ˵ֻƷҲô࡭
һ¶ĺ󣬿ʼ׼ݲˣݲ˵Ĳ趼ǳ򵥣ڹ￴ǽԼϤһƲԼϤģͮͮİײܳ
ˣֻҪȺ켴ɡһϴϴ˵Ȼһڰʵʱ¼ţһθ̾ʦǿ
ţܴء
ҡ
һȻʼֲףôܴݲˣԶճ˵һٳı
ǾĿԴˣֶϱЦô껹СֱŤԼͰ׻ˣ
һӹлعżǵԼʹ㡭ԡܲأոյӦֵ
ϱܲͰ͵Ҫչȥûȹˣǰ˶ůڱ׵ġ
һûᣬԼ¥׼ϴ˯ȻĳͬƤҩһճš
ӣûй˼ֻôҪ죬ΪҪһֱңΪһ𣿻Ϊӵµ̫߹󣬲ҰƥܹϣҪ־ʲôϰ壬ֵܣȫƭģһʼºˡ
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ϱҴˣȻڻʹÿ˴̾Ǵ̣ٻȥûСǳС˵ôʲô˵ǸСԼüƽˣϾΪɷԼҪȣڿɺãϴС۰Ͱ˵ЩͼӴ׵ĻԼϱԽԽС
һ˵ĸȥסӦþǵϺ󹬼ǧʱȥ
ǡ֮ǰ˵ĵܵĸģ
ţģܵСĻӣߣܿɰģһϲɩӡ
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гһջȥܲ˼˵ҶҪ̧ȢźãҪ˶֪ҹܲķˡ
Ϲ˵ҡô족һܵǣԼԴϴ󣬾һֱûļ߷Ӱ죬һִҲ
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õĿһۣôζ黰һ㣬ǡԭ»𣿱Ҳû
ϱ˵ҪǲǡͻȻսڶ棬ġ
ûУǣԵɡһҪƿԶԽԽˣһץסڻ档
У˵ˣֻҪǺúŬС
˵꽫͵Ϩϴǲ
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ݲãó򿪣ԼԼʵһЩζ˵ܴŰꡱ
ǵģһؽѴͺãµ¶Ⱥ족˵ֱӽݲóгɼΣȻóȺͷһһţȫûмӵӾͿʼƷ
һθĥɤӵͷҲƺζ
ţȻܳԣҪȵĻֻܼʱܴܾ꣬á
ã֪ˣǾ鷳ֶϱˡ
鷳ġô鷳ܰﵽæͷǳмˡ
븮ǹһײˣȻ͵ÿÿУΪģİնӵϷ磬ԹǺܴȻһһӣѷţڵؽѣüкܶũɸɣүһǮӶǸɻзԣйǮû츣ףһʱ֮䣬Ĵ嵭˵Ϣ
һܾԼһ㣬ܹæ̫ˣܲүȥôǮû°ɣɲһһկô򵥣Ǽ˵һһȥͷǳеڹ˸ӿ϶ͬˮ㻨ȥ
Ͳǲˡ˰뱲ӣǸ֮ˣûСʱѪҲĸԸ
аɡ
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ϣļ߾ۼδá
ΰ˵ˣߵնߴʱ滮飬ܹÿζɨԼˣ˵ܹĪѸȥ
ңūȥܹ亹ֱ£Ҳ飬Լ챣ס
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Եİɡ
лҪֻҪԱС
ϻȺؽִţᣬաܼü֮䱻еײˡ
һзΰߣնĽóŻʼҵƣһ˲˲Ⱥ˸ǲǸϺͿÿɫУȻ˻飡
Ⱥɢͬվһ飬óӦһֻģҲǱ
նϻ˵ֱӰշץסʱгſֶһԲĶ
#
Ӹۡ
ϲôӹϺõĶҹ飬ɵףƵҲ벻ȥɵǮȫԼĿڴ档
ǵġµļ˾ǹһֱβΪˡ
ûô죬ԼȲһϲĿɾĲƻеĻ죺ҩΣ
ÿնʱãӦþ⼸ջ֢״ʱռƻҩˣŲþͿԡ
úã͡ŵĶ仰ǲףλæл
#
־磬ôϢѽ֣ӧûм־϶ǽԼ
һЩҪڴıӰæ鱾š
֣ӧȻ׽ʧ飬ô˭ǸС˵ˣҪԼ׵ĲǰҲͰգ֪־ôԼͲܷŹ޸һɾԼԸ
־磬ǲǲϲˣóһ־ĴǱթ
ҡ֣ӧҲ֪ȻҼǵСʱȷ飬ڵҡҡ־ʵǲ֪˵Щʲôµġ
Ĵɼ֣ӧ˵Ĺϵһǡ



52 Ʋ𡾶
Ϊһй໥Ŭ£ڻ˲٣äĿֲˮʼֲףһԭΪǻĵأ޷ֲĵطȻܹãũ˵ʵһϲ£ӪӲֹһĲʵǿϲɺء
û뵽˼ֵ飬ֶϱһ⡱
үһͺˡ佱ʵǲ˼Ҳֻǽִ֪ʶֱհѣ˵ĺҪ
ãڵ˻ǫ顱Ǳ̲Ūİ֣ôţ黹ܺͲҶζգ
#
Ū𣿡һصϷϽȥȥԼϾݺݺʵЩ롣
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ܲǻȥԴ֪ǻӹܲһǼܲıһ¹ؼ֡
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֪ڻʹҵûȫţԼȲӣ˭λãǰǻʺ󣬻ôء
ߣԼǿλȫʦ˵
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Ұɡӹŷ⣬ȲĴ򿪡
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šǸ˵˵ӽˡ
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ΧѾǽͷӶ˽޲ΪͻȻеǣվӵĲվӵĽԳ档
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67 ˼
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ڸЩĵءһĨĨԼͷϵĺˮشûµģ˵ˣȵĺܡ
ϴһֱҲ֪ȡʲôźãȼ򵥴ֱȡ˸СýлҲ
ѽҪѽæһԵԼ֣˵ġһѺս˵䣬ȴССһˣͻȻվԭزԴʹš
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ܲҪ󣬶ӱýͷöȥ߰˰ˣͬͬӷ˶ģʹ
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֣ӧһţΪʲôҰһ־ķء
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㻵ˡһ˫ᣬĶǰˡ
ǣǻ̲ܲססС˶ôأԼˡ
߿һСſſҪƿڹܲԲǸѥɦˣһ㶯ҲûУ˵ˣҪġ
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ǸСôŪ
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70 
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72 
ӵһһĴڵǺ࣬ٺ¿ܻᱻ˷ֵΣգֵͦŶε
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ܡǰɡСŮһĻҲֻܵóĽۡ
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ôôĴոճʦȲ߾ֵߣǱһĪĺãٺĪȾϷ纮
߾ʳǼԶνǹԮ
˵ֻǷ纮⸱ģֶõʬ壬δŵ˶һģ
˿ʬҵ֮ǰĴǵʱۼ
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ͷȴöӦǰȥŷѾȥõֻʣ¹ͷ
˵ײײҵŸ룬ŽϢ
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ˣˡڴЩƣܵĻֵ



73 ߱
󣬹ܲȻû˵ЩʲôһŻеĳˣһҹսĽΪԼķɲ
һԥ˵Ҹòá
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šġžҹΨйܲķ΢ĵƹ⣬ԼĹ渵
δܲüͷʻ㡣
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ôϵɶ޸ϱˣӻҵıôȥܲС˶˵š
ߣˡһģӾ̸ǣһҲûܲʵĹ۲ź˵Ķ
ǣǻˡܲ˵˵Ļȴͣ±һĲС
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߾߿ʼ޷ԤƵٶȿʼӣһʼͨķ纮ͻȻڴϿſͻȻȳһ̲ѪȻ˿ʼۿɼã棬ڻʳǱԵĳҲʼһñʱ֡
ϡ߾߿̲ݻҽڹĴשϣ΢˵ͱǰĽߡ
ڷڣǷϵɢ˿˿㷢ƣģȫͬڵǻʱϲ֮顭
Ī𣿡̱ڴ૵
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ΪԼƻһʧȥҵרҵʿԴзΪһһƭøĸԸǸʱȴͻȻ˳˵仰
𣿲ܹתͷһԡ
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С˶ûֻܵͷƵĻصš
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ɴѾҲĴǰȷԴı߾ΣЩ˵þװκεطѪȻ÷
򡭡ˣҪϵĲ˻δ˵һ仰˫ĿԲµȥ
ôôһЩĴ޷ͣĴŵ棬Ҳ˲ʹʱ򣬲δıְˡ
ϰ߾ͺáһ򼸺Ǽֲֵϴ֣߾кãѾӿ治֪ôģǰ˺õʱӲϵڡ
Ŵѵûһ˻𣿡
֪ھεһ㶼ȥˣûİ
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ģ
ô˵ΧĴͱĥĶˣһ˿ͻƿٺòˡ
ɡҲֻ΢ûôضѡĻǻ
λúͨûɽҲûкЩԭܻ⣬ǲҾûҪȥоһĴһɨ֮ǰ
ΧҲеϾⳡǰ޹˺ߣʱκεͻƿڣߵٶȿ쵽޷󣬾ȻиطǻģԴ飡



74 Сճ
յķݶôԡ
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Ů˱ŭĴ棬ŭԣΪԼ˸Сǡӡ
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ˡܲŴϵСƵҹƵȳģ˯Ȱ컹ĥˣȻжвѣˡ
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׸ĹĵĻص䣬һɫձмûɾء
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㣬Ǹ𣿡ɻԲձװȻܶѾˡ
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šҪʣ۰æһ࣬۰æһ࣬Ҫʲô˶·ܲϸϸָͷš
Ŷԭˡһȵģ
㣿Щ֪
ңԼ治֪СūչӣʹսչԼҲǲںһ˴ˣ֪Щŵ˵ˣս˭Ժÿûܴһһ
ܲԼҪ󡱵үоǵһʶ֪СӾȻһ׳գѹвȴһֱδ䣬вٹС
㡭ԭ̾ҡҡͷȥȥϱԱû
Ա˼԰ﻹûԷء
ллĳڱִ󺰵
ǱллҰɡҿӹǺĸСôùƫƫ㿴ۡ



75 ׼±
壿ֲŸոյߵص㣬ֱפ㣬ȴ֪ĴѾһС塱ĵط
ڣ
ŶڶǱߡδȾĴæ͵еָ
ȷϢװȥ
ͬ漸ۿɼѪ۳嵹Ǹɸɾģżп¶ԼȷϴÿڽǰŨ̹ĵط
򣡡ȻͿһȺΧǱ˵ʲô
Ŷԭ㰡ǹ˽֪æչ˵ˣʱеĴ򶼿ĵ˽ʲô
ҪЩʲôЩͷԣ˵һȥĴ򶼿ˣҲǹӲдѡ
ĵãǰողŷνߡ
ˣѾʱ߳ս׼
Ӵɣ֮ǰһԵͬ˵תͷŨ̹
ԭķһֱǻǲҲ£鳾߻ЩȥõǼɢҸء
岻ͬϰףΪ˾͸ûɻŵ죬ȴû뵽Ŀߡ
ԣھҪ߲˽зʵ
ûֻǵһһǸ󹤳̰ԼС˫Ŀ͵ǰš
ȷˣܶû취ȥΪʲôߴ壬Լĺӻ˵ʬ屻գԽеĹȥȰ˵ȥܣҷЩԭ
ķġѾ֪˵Ķٸˡ
ɷˣûʬȨûǻľ
ǸͶ˵˶û˵
֧ЩߣһݴסʵЩȥûл㾭Сô۸ֻóɱ
ǡаɣǻҵøҡ
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Ǹ˿˵㣬ʵԼ򵥽ġСͯƵԼİͷЦ˵
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İ¼˵ʵû취ֻʹһνǱ绻һˡ
ָҲǱȽӵĴû취ġ
ţֲ֪Ÿո֧ԮһҹѷǺǿɷȾȥֻԼӣǵ׳Ų˶á
㰡ҲΪܰһʱܰһ
ֹͣ˶ԼһЩǮƼѾտҲҪĴȴʤ
ⲻһ˵ĴǡԶεĻ˵ʲôʵˡ
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ңҪ˯һ˸ͷĻ֡
ܲŵ뿪ԼϱϢӴͼͺ
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ԾĻ˷̳ܵŰֽīӡڼĲձŨ
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๫һҹƵѹðˣûˣֲ֪ȥˡ
ءܲϽСܵ˵ߣС˶ǲ
šһѾ¿ӣȫѹں˵ϣԼſʼ
šۡ
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Ҿ֪ʲô䡭ѾЩ΢ĶӶ컨岻ͣš
ܹҲûа취ЩԹаԼҶ֣ôܻڡ
£ūŸˡ

صľűرգеҸܻй棬һҹ
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żν¡һμͺ֮ۡͬǰǰ𾴣ֱͦվţ۶δһơ
˵Ƕֵĺʱ˵Žһֻ״ƺڿĳ˵ͷ­Ƶġ
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ţҾ
֪𾪣ͺһ˲ϣǺܶʱǼͺһ˵öԣԼѯһȻɾʹӦˣ˵ɻֵͦģԼ׼˵䣬ͬˣ
Ŷá
ţҾԽԽˣŴ˴Ӯ˵껹ԱߵվŵҾһ
˿ˮݵļͺȻԼڱصãϧǿʤѾԼΣУתȻһ㾯ҲûС
ҲôͺڿҿҵΪµλرɣţһ죬ҪԿ
ӺͼͺնӣһԼϻλһԼгˣԱߵһԼӹòг
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ѽ֣ӧôһԼҪȥܣԼҲøȥУҪָ־鸴ȼԼô졣
ҲܣҾҪȥΪɶң֣ӧ󣬸Լʲô鶼á
ڣһŪءԼǰװͰ͵ѻɣ˿ĭôҲôװ
㣡ǲҵȭͷˣ֣ӧÿ䣬״̬
˴˸磬磬ҡųһ亹ԼôǱʹأ뵱ꡭ
ɣ㡭ҵĺڳһвȻұ޽֪£϶Ҫͷң㡭΢ֵ㡱ĳ˵˵
⻹ࡱ֣ӧ·˵
ӹһ٣ӹһ١

Сӣ

ãӱ·̳
ǡ
Ϊ˶Ŀе˶ǰͬ磬ԼרŵİţڶӱȽ⣬棬ÿӱ붼Уһ̶ӽȽϷ㣬Щǰ
磡ǧ֣ӧݳθһӡũҪĺܶࡣ
֣ӧǳΪɶԼװ簡ƫƫԼڵȷǷƢĺʱţҵĿĵô㣡
áħӦ
Ͷ䣬Լզое㱳أ̫̧ͷŴ̫̫ˣͷԼް

Լʻƥһ·ȥٶȸʳǣȻòѾȫװݳκҲģ



76 ޳
⼸ӴϲͺƵ룬ǳԺ־ǿʼ滮ԺƯӣʵα
أոմĵطֻһǸɵӡ
Сӳ˸㣬Ӧ˯ū˫ֹµͷüص
ô˯ˣ²Ǳܲҵķ˴ȾƵġ
ۣöɿСǿҵ⣡
ϵֿʼ㵸˵һЩĻûصģԭļһӶ顣
˼˯̫Ļֵˣ𴲡ҲֱӴƨϣĺܡ
ԼоѣǵһۿԼˣĶˡ
õĿˣᰡ
˯ˣֵȥҳԵġ𴩵ĲıͿԼҲֻСƵģʲô뷨ҲûС
ҲܹҰ룬Ϊûҹö
ͺ̾һֱӽߵĹŴ򿪣ȻһһС
δ뿡һЩɢɢĲĿŻС
ˡˣɲܹԼ˭ЩдҲ̫ˣΪɶЩŮѧôϲС˵ˡ
ͺɱĳ˸ߵøߣֱһסҪ쿴УƫúڵϹ𿴲
ܵţ
ҹܲţ붯ֶŵģ⻰뷨ֱ׽˹ڴϡ
ʲô
ʲôƨɣ˵һӣֱӴС⡣
ѽ˭뵽Լô˾Ȼ飬ô
˭㲻ʵͺҲԼСžţôܻϰˡ
Ҵˣ磬Ҳϲ˯ˡ
Ķͣǵһα˽бȻ˷ӦţΪáȻŲ·뿪
һڴϣš
#
˿νǴ⣬ɫĲãԼͿĵĺܣ翴˲˳ˣոպƵЩ뷨
ȥǸ˽
˼Եūͽӵָȥ۾ϺƵģʲôһ㡣
ԵƬ̺
ˣ˵һнɡ
ţ͡
лˡ
ͺ֣ܾ˶ԼƵģĿΧֵĽֵԼýͽˣ֡
ҪԵ˲ͣҡ
ͺջרĸԼСЩͯƵСĺܡ
ÿȺʼɧȻһƥֵԼʻ˵ѾǳѸˣЩڼͺʵǴ´ࡣ
Եļһֱ壬˰ӦΣټֻܡ
磡磡񡭡
ɵˣͻȻһƥΪɣֱ۷ļͺƿǹΪڰʧأû뵽ԼˣǿɾͱҲ
ôѽ
ͺڼϣòǱʮյϢоһˣƥµͷԶˡ
ʮߡ硭û°ɣܾСӴûпôѪҪԼոܵġ
ûµģСӣֻЩƤˣϢͺˡҲǿЦġ
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ˮڿɥűӣСͳҲչˡ
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Ŷá
磬ӻûءҪû˵꣬ӵȵòͷֱӴ߽ȴǰһĶ
Ϊ⼸չĳˣ·ñȽϼ򵥣ʱ˰ҹҲʱС
Ӵڲؽء˵̰ĶǰСѾܾûˡ
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ԭǱܰûע⺮ɱ˵ֻһĶż¶ƤཱུС쿴
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μӡӵ¡ڴͻȻӴס˵Ǳ籧ڸۡҪ˽ӣԼǼŲɣȷǱ缸ÿ춼Ҫܼˡ
GҲôҵĺֵܣĵܵܣȻҲҵܵˡ
ҳӵĵܵܰ
һþƣҲͦõģҲһ¡
ȻС˶־ͷ˾裬һȫȹ⣬һΪСԾҲûС
ӣôˣκģ԰ԼƽʱȥԷȾԼûôİ
ôû뵽ܾܵȻʤҲֱӽڴϣһȻ̵ıš
ӡ벻ҪڲŷԾԼСӣɲǡ
ϵ˿ʼ˿û֮󣬼ͺݵϢһе컡
ǵһΣ˴æļͺǰӣҵ̰棬ʱ䣬ûؼˡ
û취ʱڣϵһֵܵģֻÿżͺҩСѼӴԼߡ
ģȥԺ
ͺС˶ọ̈̄һѾЩֲͣǱ߲߲䣬ġ
ȣܣ񣬱ȾҡС˶ᣬֿܹࡣ
ͺ˼ѯʵ֪ҪʲôԢԡ˭
أ֪Ǻ񣬼ͺ
̲סΪһһڽСóԸĨ
˭ĵĲͣѯš
񣬼ͺǼͺǱ磡
ɪİߵһһ죬µ֧ɨƽĺ治ͣĵ



77 ɹ
ҹķ
ֵǴ򿪷űԹⳡ磬ýĹ׸紵Ҷб紵ľӡ
ǡ
˯ʹҪǸطݣ˻˸ȴһıӰġ

СñŵֱߵˣĻҲӿ档
ôˣ廹ͺܾû˯ôõһСͷԼѹեûˡ
ǡ㡭ҡԼֿ˿ˣˣʹŴûǸǲһɶ˾ͻỳ
ģǵͺüôСӳԸĨҪ·ˣǵҲְ̫ɡ
ûаɡͷҶ˵ô찡Ҫô찡
ʰʰ𴲳緹ɡСӾɫǻǴ󷢴ȱķŹ
Ŷá˿Լ档
ͺֱӹӴ·ڴϵУʵĺ󱳻һץۣϧźߵǿ͵ĳˡ
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ѽ֪ˡôܣŪø꣬ľ壬ͷ˿¶
Էͺŷȣ䣬С˶Ըˡ
Ŷáո׼ȥͱ۵һһģƨ̫ˡ
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˼һСú޹ŲԱߵλ档
԰ɡĳֻǺĵʢһڼǰ
ڴϿϢ󣬲ǿͨ죬뻹ǳųȥ
ʲôҩЩͰ׷ԲԵĴڲΡΡֶ̣ЩǰˣҲΪʲôûʲôˣҲǼѾ˼ҵĵꡣ
ǸûпԲеҩ
ʲôϴֹͣԼôҲ㲻׵̣ɻĶǰСδ˵Ҫ
кμܻù
ȻңֱӸ
⡭Сϴ˼ܾʲôЦͲûУСӴҲٻôҪǱŷ͵Ұӣ
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Էɿٶ߻ؼ͸ô죬ѵԺҲǰ˵ġ
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ûҳȥһ»ŴһԵԹš
û˵ԣԷ
ߣƵġ
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ܵõƣʵ۵ɫ˼֣Ȼ±ȴͻȻ
ͻȻ췴ŵϻλõĶֱնɱ糯УѪڳµٹٵĹٷϣʿŽգսսĵ糯
ѾٹǹʱˣҪʲô첻ıԹжͦ죬˵жж
ڻվӣӽּգȻҪڳϽס
ԼڳŴȥûУ
԰꣬ȼͺźšܲ䣬źžʹԶ
ϣ
ʿ빬ڣողϻλ׽ãǿԺеٹٶһ
ʲôǻʵۣıɡ
ܲҲֱӽ߬ڵϣһתͷǶӵͷ­һĲ˼Ŀ
ʡ˻û˵꣬ͱļͺһ
㡭ʲôӴ󺧣ԼˣΪʲô˳
ӣҲмͺҽк顪졪ͺһһĶͷһ˵
ʱӲŻȻ򣺡ԭǸӸĵܵܣҾ˵һĿڡ
ͺҲܲ߶߶ֱһŲ˵ͷϽ˲Ȼȥ
⴦ðɡܲһɣֱӽ˹ȥ־ʰо֡
ܲߵʺĹ棬ȻѾһˣȴǰ鷿ȻĻƿԱߵİұӦ
ء
ʺ󣬸ó˰ɡ֪ܲ˭
ϡˡЩһֱչŹߣɻڸոһ
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͢ϵķĪϰ˵ûʲôùĵġ
͡һ˶ɵˣһĵ𴲽͸Լܲǻˣ
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׸ĶҲ˰ɡ
ȷǣڶѾ򣬸ΪԭҪŮ΢Щ
һԼûʲôоǸóԳԺȺȸ͸ġ
Ȼɽףɱ߾ΪȱְǱ߾С룬Ϊȹ̹һϰգսһ̤ս
̫ˣսҪսҿЩС۸
԰Ӿǿס
Ӵڻʲôӣǵʥϰ
еһжһ˵Ǵӹ˸ᵽʹѣûʲôͬ
Ҫȥ̣һϢæ޹ܵ鷿ʦ
ӴҵڰܹʲôΪ´æʷδɣǴԼһ·
㣡㣡Ҫȥ̣һɲɵ̣ô죬ҵΪԲʧҴôǻǺõģһһĲ롣
ǣû취ģϱģǱߵСзִ磬һһʧĻ
أҲҪȥ̣ûеС˶޵ϡﻩˡ
ǸұҪȥܲû취ֵұߺŰ˺ã֤һúû
ţһҪȻô죬ô죬ҪÿζҪ̣ǾͲʵ˺òáҪҲֻһ˵óڡ
áʵܲҲǺ뵱ʵۣûа취ֻվôߵλܱԼͷɵİȫ
˯ɡС˶ͷһһʵۣͷãûзգ֮ǰҲǴһ˴գˡ
šһϤĸ˫۱ϣ˯˹ȥ



78 
ͺ۶֫ΣҪһܣϵǰٱʮ߻
үСġ
ϴαһԺһֱԷûгͺΪһֱæӻӹܲ飬СֺܿԼĽӴüԼúϢ˼졣
СӣүˣҪȥϴһѾߺĵѣϾڵļʵ̫ˡ
š
ʰƬ̺󣬸ȥԷ
ͺ񻹳ڳУ˹ľŷͻȻеһĪĶĸУŻ
ôˣͺŻعǵĿż
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ȥ
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СıڴϣϴϹ΢һһϲЦտ˵ϲλˣλСϲˡ  
˵ıһһϲ
죬λϲĵȻǼͺС׵ģû뵽ȻһС
ٴףλ򡱴û뵽˿ԼʲôûȻǮá
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ðɣһ㡱
¼ᣬүү߿Щ
ɡ
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ܲԤûЩǳԲǴĶɧ߾ϰա
սˣ
߾ǶǵӢηĽػŶı߾ЩŰŷɥ
ƴһưɣΪһʧ˺ݣȻӣֱзҵܲ
˵Ѿ⣬鷢ͻȻվΥŵԵսϡ
Ϊǰԭ򣬴󲿷ֵĴδسʹλзԾʹЩͨѧͽ¿ɺãûϴ˭Ҳû취ϡ
ϣоƥȥĴֻ΢ЩܻسҪһ㡣
ϧһûиĳ
һһҹģǸʱŸոճҹĲˣԺӿʼ¶ʹ
һһϢ
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ǰ׸Ϳˡ
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һʱһ仰

ܲѾڴϻ˺ü죬һҪļ
ϵİһУܲüͷƺǰǳ⡣
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ôлӲûˣˣǿȥɣˡҹɸ봫Ϣ˴Сӡ
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Ȼȥɡ˶һЩֵģɫص
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һӻֻûʹҪεĸо
׸ˣѾԲȲ˯˺þãǷˡ
أΪ˷򻹵Լı
ءѸոպԱֵСֶձϣԲģһ֪ԵĺóԵöࡣ
ˣǸСӡڹŴɲĺܡ
һǰźڵֱۣЩѵķ֪ԼİķļˡֿûСЦǺǵġ
ι̵ʱͰЦ˶ҲЦĿǰıѾǽԼ밢ķĽɫˡ
ôôϲӣôжһסԷĺС
˵һֱУ

￴һɫ󣬸оֽ˽ƷȻ˵ûŮǰӵ˵СӻǸġ
Ե㶫ɡһŴϣù˲αһСһСιš
Ҳ֪๫ôˡһ߷Щܣʱ̹ܲȴߡ
İɣ߾˵ˣǱѾȫƽϢս𣬹Ҳˡ
ô̫ˡһСֶգҪˣôذ㡱ǲ֪÷Щ
Ӵո꺢أʱ˺ô족оֶձ´Сѹˡ
һ㶼ûԾѽѽĽţƺصķĻ档
㣬
ѽѽԽԶͿܵԽǿ
ˣɡĸ׵Ķ챻СڻˣǰڴǲѺӵƵģԼָоˣΪҪˡ
ѽСӾ͸һţϢ
һûסһڣȻһڣôôɰ
׸￴С˶СƵĿţ֪˵ЩʲôֻĿǰˣ֪ʲôʱ򣬴Ҷɳ˰
Ǹܰһë
šоȵëȥС˶ɾԼֿĵ׻ıϲЦտ



79 2
Եɡһ΢ȶЩ󣬲Ž˵˶ڴϡ
áС˶Լıһһڵĳµݹʳ֪ﶼôˣĵ
ˣӷָʾӦþܿˡϷЦ׸˼ֱǾ䣬жб˴ˡ
š
#
˵Ķġ
ĪػʹҲˣһֱ߶иӻиϱʲô˼־ҲǸȵˣ˵ЩĵЦŶԡ
šܲɫأ֪ηӦ
˲Ÿո𡭡־ѵ
֪ˡ
ӱǸϵ˻ʹڣϡ׸˸Сӡﻰû˵꣬;ǰЩԾ
Įȫûվϲĸо
ʧˡε˵
ǡô죬׸ոꡱ˫ĿԲĿˣһ۵Ķ򻹵Ž³飬Ǳ֪ˣǡ״Ͳá
û취Ҳġ
뷽跨ʱû뵽ȴ߳๫һųѰһ¸ȴû뵽Ϳܲ⡣
ܲ䰵ʾȴû뵽ʧĽͿ۾ָоô¡
๫һסܲ䣬Ŀţʱһ㶼Ҫһô๫ڷ桱
ܲѵǰԼʮио˾ԼķɣһΪԼ˸ӡ
๫һЩȥôԼôġ
ϱ
㣬ȥһȲúһ
ڴϣΪ˷ֹ⽫ΧһȦСֶԼ֣𽥿ʼԾһ͵ÿҰķ
ŶŶãû°ˡһıСֶպţһСЦ
죬С˶Сֶյݸܲ
áֻܲܽӲıСӣСֶ֪ԼĻ쵰أЦĶţ˫˫ŲͣҶ
ôͣ
̵ʱҲǣöһӻţֿ˻
ŻиָĲӦϣȻȻĽһ㣬СԼϱ
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ţһɻĿŹܲôԼôİֵֹġ
㡭ÿӹܲ˰ֻôһ仰ȻֵͷеıСֶմʱĵĳŵͷѽ  һûܲ񾭲Сֶմӻбóˡ
Ŷδ͸Ůӿ֮Ĺܲԭվɵһ㡣
磡⼸ɱﻵˣһֱֳɩ걦ӲãԼһܵģȾʲôõĲ
ɩӺãӺЩ
ллС飬ӺöˡһŹҲЩܲӰ걦ԼӵվȻоЩο
ܲԼд̫ĵܵܣС죬ȷԼȷʧȥһּ䡣
磡Ժɱʱȥˣɩһ̫ˡ쳹ƶ˵ĲҽĿ
ãԺҲȥ˵תͷһ
ʱС˶Ҳһ㺦ߣҲͬĿŹܲ
飺ǲǲ
#
׸˱ȥѾ˴粽˺þãһ̶뿪
ͺõƻһСһСĵݹȥ
ɵĳţ۾Ͱ͵ĵǰɿڣԡ
ģһӴȥûӣվڵذϣͺֱüͷ
СӱϣΪЬ
үʮ߽ӵϢæֿݻԼ۵һĻ˺ʱզ۾ء
ôˣֱ˵ͺͷү̧ļΪСӴЬ
͵ϮԴˣʧȥ˼䡱
Ӧһ߿˸ողŴõЬǿȥһ϶ĵġ
ͺ״ĲУܲ˵öԣ˲öһǵ˲ʹ졣
ȥȴá
һں͹ܲ˶ź̻˯Сֶأūĵ
ǡ
ǡ
һ˵ܲʧ䡭ˡżܹȥһڵĴһ
ʲôͺһתͷĹСñ˭졣
ʲôʧ䣿һĿż˻ûĬһеıС˶Ͻš
һ̺ӵģֿ˿ԼĶӣһĻź¡
񡭡ɲ԰ѺӴСССĴ
ˣͺСӣһľ˼
ҡЦģСӱŭԡ
һżĸоȻ˱ӵһ۾͸оˡ
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¡һüСֶյݹȥ
ű֪øźãСֶȫ̺ģǰĸ翴
ѽ
ʲôѽһɻʵ
ϲأ౧
һĶӱ֮ǰôôĵĴӾȻһСҲ̫˰ɣ˹ȥ  걦ͻָˡһ˵СƺŮ˲ͬһطУָҲ졣
ŶŶջ֣Сֶա
ѽһߣתһתôôšһżһٴеģʱԼıô족
һͻȻ뵽ʲôСڶʵ
ûУСûС
ܲͼͺԱ߸ԶԼϱһܲתͷżͺ
ǴвСͺԷеҪ˵ǡ
ãұɡһЦŽٵݹȥ
ңСĿżͺ
ΣСֶյֱ˴ǣСֶձͲֻ˸˧ˣֿĵѿЦˡ
ĶҲһѵҪ𣿡ͺͣڰ϶ʵ
ҡ¼ԥˣһһһʧȥ˺ӣʧ仹вĸоԼ鵽ġ
ѽѽСֶ˫˫ŶţӲͣתš
ҡ˵ɡ̵ĿʶĻԼĶ档
ͺ￪˻֪СӺ˵˱͹ԹԼϱĶүȥˡ
һ
һ΢ЦĿ뿪󣬽ɫתͷܲ㡭ʧˣ
ܲѣֻܺгǣսϱϮЩ鲻ǵˡ
ЩʲôЩ㲻ǵˣһеĿǰˣһС
ǸǵˣǣĴ˵ָܻģȻҲǵãҵǱʶƺм䡱ܲչʾԼ˫֣һһС˶Աߵĳóһֽ
ʲôһʵ
֪ԼķӦܲ͵
һ򿪣嶫ŷӿһ㡣̡ķֽȫǹܲıʼǣдŵĴ



80 ʧҲϱ
һŵ֣С˶⧲ĿˣǱܲ͵Ĵǰˡ
ʧȥĽȻһ±ƣԾӦС˶ˡ
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ܲҲĵһ԰Ŀš
ʲôֵһһʲôᡱС˶һһŵĶĳ˵ϣʱĳҡ
ȡһòá
һ̧ͷűԼͰһӣЦ˳
ǸܶѾǵˣҵʱòáܲǿЩֽС
š
ȥ򱧹
á
#
⼸նڼ͸̥УÿÿյԼС̾
ôжʱŻ᳤ÿ̾ʲôͺԱߴ£ǰѴ粽˼¡
񰡣֪ҲǸԲԣ㡭ϲǸҲǰСڻ벻ס
ͺ鱾ϣһһߵߣ˭ϲǸģ֪㲻ǸɵСˡ
ǣҶûô˵ϲң
Ϲ룬ЩˣǾͳףܲҲǸʵۣǴͻ顱
ĿǰˣͻȻһ뷨ƺҲͦġ
߼Ѿַػʳǣȴһжòһô⣿
ŵϢָ֪Ҫǲµʧʳ档
ǰͽǳعƣڶӻѾˣӼλ
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ô̫ϧˣûԿ
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ʱԼԸҲӰˡ
֣ӧ淳ˣԼ͵ÿ͸ƨһ硭
֣ӧˣ˼СڣŲҲԷ⣬ùԼİȥ
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ˣûЩ£ԼУģһûν˵ˣϵ˼磬أôûƵġ
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ǣҲʲôӦҲûаϴĪԼһٷûԼ
Ҿͦõģż
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磡
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ţѱ飬ԴȻȻĸֳһЦȻеġȽָͻ顣
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ˡ־ҪƵľٶ˵̫࣬ʱֲ֪ʲô顱ԼΪѻ
԰
ͷɻĿ־ʲôԡ
죬ڳԷͻȻúΣȻ˯ȥˣȻ־üͷš
ҲоԾˣǱҩ˵Ķģôôû䱸ģ
Ϊָķô־ͷҶ࿴һۡ
ﵽϸϸţǷûԵķ˱ˣôáȿȡ
˵˭͹һξУ֣ӧʵ£ôûж
ǣզ֪˼͹ӵ飿־̧ͷСӺʱôˡ
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#
ܲǲôһô֮ǰҪЩ⼸һǵˡ
磬ôɩأΪ˵СܵܺǴԼǸո걦ɩӵ飬ǻˡ
ҡǹİʱĻʵǰ׿ģ磬ֻˣ˵ίĵͷӵЦţѽѽ͡
ĸĵȻڿһִܲԼһ·ͬʱһڣĵ仨أҷޣʱԼ͵ܵܶȥժһÿĸĸȻǸժ
ɵ磡鲻мĿŹܲ˵ĸĵʧͱȡˣɩΪֵġ
ܲһһС
˵ģĸϲĵʱǶĵһЦԼཫԭô˸仹ԭ๫һ㾪ϲҲûˡ
Ǹҡ
ѽѽñǸСץȡţһСľץΪͷϣۡ
һ߹ȥڻ֣ͣƤôץͷأ֣ȥneineiȥ
óԵһneineiֵ䣬ĵԼİķϹ
ҿûneineiȥɡݸѾߣֶ˲١
磡һҲ벻𣿡ִŵĹ黹ѯʵʧˮһƵģ
ҡŬܲʶĿԼϱ
¿ɻһЦͣôֺ͵ĴһôģĪˤȥ
󹷣С̽ԵĽһ
ܲҲ֪ԼôˣƺԼܵķӦβҡŴӦ
ɵġ
ɵβ͵ʹԼʱõ顣
ĿɿڴĵɩѵһѱԼĸ磬ǿս޲ʤֳôģͬСʱԼ񵽵ֻС̹Ƶġ
ɵ
βըëȴҴɵ
ɵ
ըëβССɵİϱ
׽ŪȤζ˶󹷣ǵЦƽ˵Ҫָ򻹵ء
šܲᶨĵͷӦ



81 ҵģcp
־硱֣ӧò״ӱܵҲˣܸǿʼ֮˰ɡ
־ж鼮鷿ڣû뵽Ǳҵˡ
־磬Ѿ̫ƽǲǸǵСѽ֣ӧıס־ļƽ򣬶ʮһ棬ϧ˲ðͷϡ
ǸһҪæ־æ飬ӻ˳ȥ
־磡๫֣ӧֱӣݺҧסԼ´ÿζĽڣ
ĳ˻½Ų԰ڣȥҲǰ취ѵҲݷ뷳ĲС
Թˣֳһõ緹ƨһڸ
ҳԹˣٸŪˡﱧϴõ·첽ߣ겻ɢҳķǵöҲɡ
ѽû£滹СģԵ¡ĳ˼׷ᡣ
ͣʵûа취ʵ˵㡭ԺԾͺˣвС
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ɲǣ˵ˣȵˡʰú˳Ա߿СС˵Ѿ֮ϵλãڹﻹϰߣôô
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#
㻹û𣿡ոչ갢㣬緢Ļʺȴ߶߶ķƵġ
벻顱ܲӣľͷͿʼ⣬ҡҡϱÿζֶȥҡ̫ˣѾֲ
뵽ϵĶּӿЩ
Ȼע⵽»ʵۣȷʵûڿġ
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׼Ȳأ⻰һ飬뵱Ҷӣ˭Ҳ˭ںˣÿ˶ѵ˲˵ǣôԼһš
ǣϱ˭˲֪ý˶ӵ̤ˣб۾һԴģ
ֱܲ壬һ񾭲񣬴ûԼ˵Լý˰̤ƵģСӻһϣôǾ**ˡ
쿴ԼķЧεһڲˮǡȻˣ˵һûأȥ򣡡
һ˻ڹ뷿ĻһǸɩҿɩˡ
޽ɡһģȥš
Ŵ򿪣ΪǹūŻʲôģһ״ͬСӱǣסһ
ָҲڰ
΢Ц˽޴ϧոպˮ˯ˡ
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һЦô£һһĿɰ
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ҡӤ۾Сʪİţ˫򿪣ؽźһཱུġ
ÿɰĵķп
лл޽㻹ðɡһҲ˵飬ŮΪ񣬲֪ôӺ˵
ҽ㻹е㲻ܽȻȥÿ춼רɩӾͷİɡЦŻشüۼûܵģ
ǾͺáȻҲˣôԼ˾߻ϧһ˼ҳŮ



82 ȥ
죡һŲĲ˳½֢״ϽʵʩȴʩŵһȺŰ״ӵĴǽӵϽܵһŲ˿ɲ򵥣׼ҵĶӣԴ׼Ҽ̳и׵ҹԺ󣬿νǷˮ˵׼Ҵ˼ͨ׼ҲǱ֪֮
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ҽڵٶһĴͷڲǰ
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ѽԴҩǡŶǽţˡ
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ܣֻЩգҪǩ֡ôشʵǲ˽и⣬ǵȫ᲻ɣ
׵ҹԥº󣬲óֱʣԼĴǩ˷ո֪档
ȫ˵ȥɡ
һŲδ˿ֹҽۼڴ˴Ϊһ΢΢ĿŬ
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ˡ
ֻٰܰĵŻĵε
˾͸øҡ
ܣȻˣ˻ֲ˵״̬ԡ

׵ҹӵϢϵҽԺ˭ҽŵģڣڰˣѹˡ
һűԱƺվһˣĶŴ˫ָ棬һ˫İ֡  ˭๫أ
ŲֻǿնĶ컨塣
̫ˡ˫ֵ˿˳ԼƵ˵˼ֹס᣺̫ˣܵܣˡ



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ܺãһ
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СأڶԼȥС𴲵ģ˴²ѳţ˼졣
ʮ߷亹һˣԼô˵
үСӻЪϢء
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㻹ȥѧǰΪ罻Ŀ־һֱǴڼܵķȽϵһǼͥʦΣĪȱЩͬ˵顣
һеԾ׽Ͳͣѧþû仰ˣԼҲ20µˣڴǰļԽģǻбѣһôʵ
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ûϵһԼӺתͷ棬ʶԼѾǸСˣ򰡣ķ㡭



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飬ǲ˭㷢Ĺˣ׵ҹ
ǣܣҽѧУСү͹ٹϵȽܣȻ˵ˡڵ绰ͷ챻ˣ׵ҹֶԼɲҹάء
˭٣Ǹܲ׵ҹüͷ׼Ҵδ˼йκֱӵĽӴǼӽӴҲǺ͵²СϺСǣֱͷүҲӴĲǣôŲŲһʶ
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ǡǱߵ˵꣬׵ҹ͹µ绰ҪǼʾһʱؼˣ
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ڹأôԼҴ绰˾ˡ
û£磬Ҿˣڼ̫ãͻȻȥѧУЩӦ˵ŵЬ࣬˵ǻסһСʲôҲûû
㿴㣬绹˽ҪѧУˣǰһڼвУ
磡ûµģ˺ˣҺ˯ȥˡʱǲ̫ˣӦȥãԽԽøΪŹ֣ûҪֱҸҪֻÿԼʱܾñһ߶Ƶģܵĺܡ



90 һ
ôȥѧУô
ϵѧУȥһץ˸ţ׵ҹȻʹӼ֪ԼСʵĿˡ
硭ѧУأϻȥС˶ŵץסıĻص
ܵܡ׵ҹͻȻɫࣺǴСΪΪʲôҪƭأ׵ҹ̧ͷһ
һȻǵСһֱĸӣǸĸ׸Լ飬Ϊ罻û취ѧУͬѧʦĽѧϰҲǸųΪԼҽȴҲûʧȥѧʸͶ
磬ԲҡһͻȻ֪˵Щʲôѵ߸ԼԽиӵҲ̫˰ɡ
׵ҹעһɫ֪Щҡˣ˵ûϵģ˵ʲôҶ㣬ֻҪΪʲôԴ䣬ǰġ˵˫һʹ״
磡һԥ»ûпڣ硭ǸҲ˵׼ٺ˵òãȥѧУˡ
׵ҹС˶뿪ıӰֲԾסԱߵķˡ
žһʢУ԰һЩʴʱЩ̫磬ֻһЩڴɨš
ܲڴˣҲ֪ô
Сү
һͷԭǸͷӣá
ãǹʾƵһˣƺŻſ˵ԼҲûŪΪɶͻȻһҹ֮Ͳˣ֢״Īĺã±ɺǰһܹڹʵڵģֻǻżˡ
õģлһЩ±ƣֱӰԼԼƵʲôŹ˼үݺݺ಻ϣĪҲѧˣŶЩ
һˣ
žͿͼͺһ𣬾ǳܣĳ˶Ҳ˵һС
ĳ˱һʱͱһӿһ˵
ͨ죬֪˵ʲôҲǣԼôһ㶨ûУֺͺˣһǲҲʰ  һ˵Ļʲôʡ
粻ûСô㿴ǴԽǺƥģҲˣԡͼӦ˵˫ˡԱߵļͺ񲹳
һסˣԼҪعײĶ֪ģҲΪʲôĸײϲԼԼǹԭ
Ҳǵģһ㲻Ҫá
šһ߽ԼĴ̣ĶһóźãԼҲǺ֪ģСڸİܼ飬ȷǺСһܻӡ
ԡҵıǲҲܻأߺȻԼôͬӣϴһξУأǲҲܻ
һͣǰԼģǲԼҲܽ
ͺһЩֲԾСţѹ⼸СôΪ˺ӡ
ȻǸо˲һĴУС˵ҡ
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󷽵ķ棬ѻż۸񰺹ļҾ߻иָװƷһһװ˵Ĵ˸ָ۸񲻷Ƶ·
ʲôܺÿġСҲ֪һνĹԴӲԺĿʼںԼòˣ
ǾСܲȻ⣬Լòҵϱһӡǣ·ôôѿôѴأ
Լ̬Ժ󣬺һ׼ǰƵ꣬ȻƵʲôطʹԱ˵󣬶˵ھƵˡ
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ֱӾƵԼˣһѧô飬һǵһΰɡ
šʲô˼ܲûԺͷĻ쿴һģԼͻȻˡ
ھƵŵһֱţʲô̬˵ʲôͻ᲻᲻ÿ
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ܲţһ溦ߵվ棺ܲ
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䡱ܲϽ˷Ž
๫þöû˵֣ԾС˶ϴźΣǼ˵ģԼҲٺ๫һԡ
ϱܲĿģûſ˵仰ͱһǿǣ˶ȦòС
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ֹƻһе㷳ǰһﲻôƿô
ϱ֪ĺ㡱ܲסһͷϵķͿС˶·ϡ
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ʲôܲȻ֪һʲô˼ֻǵʱǳͷŪŶŪ˵㡣
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Ƶ꣬ʱˣ˵ʲôѧʲôģȥƵ귽㡱ܲЦţһ޹ģ
һŭˣʱˣǲСǰǻʵһֱҲˣأҪ
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ϻһҵ׵ҹʱҲʲôֻҵԼı˼ҾʲôͷƴԼƴһҲˣ
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ܵܣ׵ҹĳָһ˦ܲĿɳ֮С˶ϵˮ׵ҹԽԽԼô£ֱһȭڹܲϣһˡ
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мĹܲһ±ƣҲ̫˰ɣӦҪǻԼǸ壬ͨһȭԼͷȥˡ



91 
γ˺ܾýţܲһԱѪһǵĿţֲٴ˵
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˵ʲô׵ҹŭԼûŪֵ˶㣿ƨԣ
ֻһڹܲǼҳԼӵŭ֮ˣ֮ǰǸԼϤĵطԼһԼֻòס
˵ϲҵܵܣ
飺Ҿͦİ˵ֻڰĬĬͷ˼ҴٚG˭´ࡣ
ǸһжʾġܲͷһģȫʶǰԼУ
ҰСүȥ׵ҹֱӽһǿƴء
磡ʲôҺ͹ʲôҲûУſҡһƴСʱ˵õģĸһԼǸʲô
ܲȻżˣϽס΢в֪ôźá
׵ҹֻʹԼһС㳤ֻǵ㣬㡭Ϊΰ
飺ҪҼһˡ
硭һֶҡˡ
ܲԼҲеܵܵˣȻ˵飬¶˵Ǹ˵жʾģϱȻȥŪߵȢ㣡ܲеŪȻָ׺ͳ׵顣
һҲڴʱɵӸûͺŪߵĹأԭԼˣþöŹܲЩᣬǸոձʱ䲻˷ô
׵ҹΪĹҪôСԼϲ˭飬ֱӱŭС˶뿪
ܲʹٲãҲ˵Ҫԣֻǵͷ˻֣ȴû뵽뻢ڡ
ڳϵһȻĿһ·ֱΪֹȻóֻŸ˵ܲҵˣǸ˼Ҵ١
û˻ظϢֻͱһԵ׵ҹߣױƭԺڼѧϰɣֶУ˶ࡱ
硭ֲСˣ֪ġһȥ׵ҹֱӽֻӳ⣬ŷֻһƯ߱ܳ伸ºˤ顣
磡һĲˣķӦôôһҲԾ
׵ҹֻǾĽҡȥǰ˾ȻʶĹϸ㲻֪Լʲô𣿾ͱ˿ǻỳеġҪҲҵ֣ιģ˭Ҳ
ǣϲ˵ʲôһȡô֣ҹҹɵйȴ֪ǰ
׵ҹԵĸһͬһεԼϻϡ
硱һʵĿ֣ܾøֵֹġ
ؼ˵׵ҹ߻ôЩĻеġ
΢죬ҹֵϻкܶ೵ʶһǵĵ͵ĺֲŭĸо
磡øҲֻȻѧУô죿һصһûʶѾȫһھֻ⡣
ѧ֮ǰһ㰲źãڼҾС
磡ΪʲôС˶ȻʮֲڵԼѾǹȥǸı΢ˣԽԼɳһջ˺ܶ࣬ȻЩģˣԴܲܶҲѾ
׵ҹûж˵սС˶Ȼһǵ촽˵ҵһȵôãôͱ˰
һ𾪵˵ĳƺϤ硭ֵܲ𣿡
ǲɵȫ˶֪ǸԺģֻΪǸ˫˲𣿡׵ҹ˫Դɻ˵
磡ǲҶֵֻܵ꣬ûָоС˶Ͻ
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ʱ׵ҹǺʮֵĿ£Ѿٹ˼ֵˡ
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ܣʲôʱ򣡣׵ҹ벻ףԼС˶ҹҹԼļطΧڣôôԼûзء
ߣԭ㻹ңС˶ǲ¶һ飬Լ粻̬ϲԼԼ͹ܲôô챻֣
ԣھͻط䣬ûҵԳšܣһ˵ƭҵġ
㣡һŭĶǰԼһҲϤĸ磬źؿھţ˸ĸܾû˼ŭԼˡ
Դط䡱׵ҹɲڿЦС˶ҲǰɽڲûգԼ߻˷䡣
#
𣡺
һƽСһҹ΢ķ䴫ͻȻһ㺦ս޲ʤĳ侲ȥ
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ҪģһҷϢŴѹ쿴Ϣ  񡭡˵ܲҵˣǸ٣˷ܵ˵ţ㺦ĳ˲С
ڹǵ´˵
ҹ꣬৵Ĵ治ľҶĻ˵ĹǷǳˡ
#
ܲص˼ңŷԼκ鶼һ֪֪ʲôȫǸõĴʻ㣬ԼǸɵϵѹְԼϱˡ
ȫ̫ʶ֣ʲôԣ¶ĿʼѧУH׻гס
뿪Ҷӡ
أҺమġ
ȻܲҵǣҴһЩϣʹѧϰ鷳ˡ
ܲüͷĹڰĵӾʵû򰡡ԼҪûϱǲǵ뿪ˡ
ееġ࣬үַʲôˣҲõó
ŶŶǾͺá
ƾʲôϲŮó
ôãܲϹèӣ濴˹ؼ飬æʵ
٣˶֪ˣšŮ˺ܶصĶǱһҪ֪ʶĲʶĶҪ֪źáԼҲǴЩŮҪĵӾѧľ顣
ŶŶǺһġܲ˵ͷĦ
⡭Ҫڰ·ף
ʱҪˣôˣĿԼҲس򵥵Ŀ٣һ㣬ϲʽҲ԰족
һأݸý붴ȻȽ𣿡
ǵİүֻڿɱĥԼһϹͷˡ
а𣿡֮ǰԼǷźѪѵʱһȢȥģǸʱڶ棬ķ
һ뵽򣬹ܲԾıϱˣҲˣ֪ϢԼʱҲҪˡ
ϣҪ˫ȻѪʮ쵽УһҲܶϣҲУУܿĳ⡱
ţʲôҪһԡϵĻʵѾѪ˿ɫףƺżµʹࡿ
һ߱һҲڴŴ⣬ԼĶӡ



92 ѧֻ
һҹķƽ˾󣬼ŵÿ͵г
ôôϢһûҰǲǳʲôˡѾֻǰȺ˲֪ãʱͷϢȥʱͷ
ʲô鵢ˣ̫ࡱͺڵǰ滹²оţĶıԼǱߵȤòֹһ
ûֻܴ˴Լʹôô˻ûлС
ʲôʱͲȻҲеġĳ˴һ˿߿򣬿ģ򵽼ҲŲ³Сӵ뷨
쵽С˼˵ô԰
ˣϴ˵ըʲôҺܸȤժ۾תͷڴϢеˡ
ֱӵˡСڴϻڵȴһϢ˵
ǺֱܷӽСӸס
ż򵥵ĳЩĿˡ
ôһһģĶһأ˵ҪôԽ˵û£Щϸ֦ĩڵԼ˰ۡ
ѽû£㲻žСֿʼԼֻϷУҲһע
ͺȻܲˬƭͬӿɲµģô˵ҲúúЩɡ
ŶôһĶǰĻѶ񾭲һĶѣˡ
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ֻĻϵϷڷǳؼʱ̣С۾һգգĶţҡŶĻҵĺۼ
ͺԭǴŶŪ˼ºˣԼ̫ƽΣ˵ϾͻˣŬŬòãɳƣһһЩʲôֵֹĻ˼
㡭ˣҲҪˡСӸܵΣæ´ʱĴôܻСء
ѽ
ϵֱĽһ𣬴ƺ˷硭
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磡磡һͣĴţһЩעȣѾغüˣҲ֪ܲôֻҲûգȫϵ
үԷˡʱְ˾ְĽ緹ͷҲ̧Ĵ򿪷š
һȫϤ˽Լķ䣬˵ܷܲҳȥ
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С˶˵ı⣬ѾܹרҵӲǶҲװһԼ顣
үǽ緹롱һк󣬲Ź˵һ仰ȫûκζԸոտĵķӦ
С˶һŭֱ֮ӽϵķƷ׵ҹ㾿ʲôҳȥ
ˣ߰ɡеֵʱ⣬ſڵòȻ˵ôˣΪ粻µܱܵƭô
һ˫ۣƭ˵ú˵ҴδԸйĸ飬㡭ҲҪĸǿҵϣ
ǣܲʲôʱʶģ׵ҹüͷǰΪ˱С˶
ǰʶˣһѾܾˣǻиӽһŽţһһſڵ׵ҹ
ſڵĻץסſ򣬶ӣǻкӣһʲôԼȻ
ߡûϵһҶ⣬ˣȻӣǾ͸Ҳ̳׼Ұɡ׵ҹһµ˵
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ܣʵûκϢվԱߣԼҹϢ涼ʾϴ⣬ٺСүһνӴûУӽӴҲûУôܻкء
ܡ׵ҹһɫ̫ǼٵģһҲ˵
ٲ飡
⡭ʵΪѣ鹹ô飬һ˿ҲûУѵʲô߰ô
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үҪҪЪһŹܲԲȲ˯оЩӾ硣
šܲ߿ӱűʼǣΪϤ֣ëֽддͿͿ
ܼһԣóǰֽ˲ˮˣүĪǲּˡ
٣һԳƼͺ˵ǺԤԼµİ߹Ϲ壬˼һֱǼҹɭϣ֮ǰĹٶһСϸڵ鶼ǳ⣬ȻĹҲһĸߡ
񣡿
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ܲ˺£˼ҰǸ˵Ĺ٣ϲǻϣʹʱǸ߸ϣˡϡʵǲ֪С˵ʲôźˡ
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ǡʡ˽ҲûҪżģʵģ񻭱һĶĽ͵־οȻģһһӳ̶ȡ
ܲԼӵؼֻʹ䶪ˡ
̫ˣһ챻ˣ֪Ǻáܲĵס˵
ȿȿȣĳֻǷǳˬš
ôҸһ˺öϢûأǺ͸һ𣿡ֱ֣ԼȻû磬жš
ûϢǺ𣿡ڹ֪ܲУ֮ǰķɸ봫һҪʱУԼȥʣǸ˵ֽĿ찡ҪҪܸˡ
ӡͺŹܲɫǳӵ˵
Ǹ˽֪иֻôԼﻺóһʵ
š֮ǰ˭ţôˣ
ͷżͺ񣬲֪νͲźãšͺߵǰҲóԼֻ㿪ĳҲֻͬԼĽ
ңǼҷϢɡͺһһĽչʾ
ˡϢˡ
ÿ죡ܲ˼ĿżͺʾͼƬֵģ֪ԼʲôöԼҲܿϵϱ
ҲóԼָֻ̽ƴ򿪣ĸϱ
ڵšͺͼְ˽ŵİܲӺúɳϢ
ͬˡ
ŶŶŶܲ۷Ŀֻ۾գҲգĵȴš
ŵűӣȿڲˡ



93 Ӳ
ѧûСͺŹǷεĿŹܲһֱĵֻûأ
šһΪɶûϢֻܲʵ
˴磬ҪͬġѾǼ֪˵öٱˣִһôϢҲеֵǣԼϢȥˣҲûлء  绰ˣ绰ˡͺֻʱ˵
ι硱
Է𣿡绰ͷԼҲ벻ܻı˵Ҫ̬
Ǹ磬еæûϵ㣬ţ첻ȥԷδͺӣЩĶš
ܲ˽ģο˵绹ðɡ
ͺҵ绰ЦŻصţܺã͡Ҳͦõġ
粻мͺ𣿡ûעЩ˵İֻԼԼ˺
ͺ񱾾Ͳұԭкһһ磬ǼͼġͺԼ˵һ£Щõ顣
ŶŶ˵ͷװԼѾѾ˽⡣
ĳȻǿСӻ¶״̬ˣ߲ܲܽҲûν
Ҫθ׼ףܲתƻ⣬Ҫǡ
ܼ򵥵İڵλãֱȥСĹڹܲʲôý廹Ҫۡ
ǡûСģ˺һ֣о͸ˡ
ˡܲüͷһıŭԭŮһΪ˺˻ڲܽܵĹҲͦģҲѹָԼһȭˡ
šһһС壬Ҳ߳ƺ˫˾ˣر֡
ģ򲻾ܻˣ˵ʧȥսطֻ꣬Ҫͨ˴֮
šȻתͷͺ񣬽ץ˸ţ˲
ⲻ岻ķΧйεġ
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žİɽһ͵͵Ĵ򿪣洹һķֱŽĳȻСĳϧŸո̤벽ͱ۵ֵͲ䵽ط䣬ү
һû취ֻתص䣬зԱˣļ̫ڽգԼʹøַûӳȥʧˡ
ڴɻ󣬹ȻŴ򿪵һܣ
׵ҹԡۻЩϣǸոմҴææӵϢŹŭ
С˶ȻѾϰߣ˽˫ۣνַʲô裺Ҫ˯ˡ
׵ҹܲ˾һ̬ȣ䲻ȶʲôҲںǰû˺ʱЩɫи磬ʲôӦҲûУ׵ҹЩڡ
УҲˡ׵ҹŭ˵仰תš
洫ĹŵĹرգڰУոջ˵Ҫ˯۾˶ۣŴ¹͸һЩܹĴһèӣĵĽϣΨһܶġšҲû취򿪡
һУڴϵ˶ۿš
ү棬˵
ţһݸȥ
ǣүĸȻָӻʳ¥Կ򿪷š
үԷˡ
ͷû˷Ӧǰʱֻܻģ̧ͷĴȴ˵Ӱ
סͻȻ˴ӺһӴӦֱӵڵϡ
ֻֻһͣţɶôʲôûС
ˡ׵ҹ쿴˻֪СʲôС˼Ͻ쿴
һڵϲͷסʲôã
׵ҹû˵ֱ˽̧˳ȥͣ㲻ϲԶ˵ŽϵĲ΢ʰһº󣬴ź󽫸ոԼ¶緹ǰ
һתͷϵһлСʱԼΪӣֻܳԱͷǸʱǻΪԼһЩ֮˲ôԵġ
ҲϲʵڵԼԹܲķˣʱϲԶǱûѡ
ðɡ׵ҹҲûзֻǽĬĬŻУҲգȷǣЩ죬θڱ˺ܶࡱ
šһԹԵʰŲо֣װոյûзһ
㻻ͷ׵ҹԼ·ϵգ뿪
#
ûŹܲԼֻͣĸһϢǸѾܾûˣ˴硱
Ϊʲôֻܲʾʱ䣬ö඼Ǻüǰٶ˵ȷǺ֣ԾŻŵġ
֪һֱûؿʲôæɡѧУҲˣѾ˾ӼҶ飬ȷЩ֣˵һһֱҲܽ͵ͨ
ܲľһֻϱæʲôú棬ΪɶϢء
ͺûۿ⸱ʯģ˿ֻ绹ڸԼϢ˵ȥһ棬ƺ֮ǰļͺǳ˺һ飬תͷ˿Ҫ֪ԼҲһ𲻾ͿԷô
ǳȥһ˺òá̧ܲܲͷһ˵ǿ
֪
ȥѽڹ˼ҴһЩζˣȥȥ̧ͷżͺ޹״
ȥҳһСá
סˣôͼҳôԼûþأô磿
ôУ۾СãʮֲƺǸ𰸣һҧǰСźá
ûֻǺߣ̫ˣʲôҲû׼·Ʒһָͷһָͷ߶߶˵š
û£̳Էֱȥ˵ŽԼĿóʳָָһոյԵܲõӡ
ôһѧЩż磬²ۣܲ㡣
ߣȥ̳
ãһרҵ˾˵ż۸񣬼ͺֱһѳƱĿɿڴ˾ǰˡ
ȫʵ²ۣһģһѹЩżôܻӭ̫ϴ˰ɣܲӾʱ򣬼ͺȻûſȴһһζѧ˸顭
ţͺԼղŵı֣ûߵ˵ʲô
û£ȥ·ȻȥƷɡСôεЦݿŴǡ
аɡǰסԼĴβͣѡʱƻİá
ãԼǡİ͹µĵۼĿǰʲƵӣͬܳҪ׬Ǯ͵е
˶򡱼ͺѧŵӾİԵֱܲӵɳŶȣޱ˵ɡָǰ
չʾģԡͻȻסҲʶҲʶ



94 
ոջͦĵĵʼӲʵǲ֪ʲôӦˡǸɵӰɡ
Ǹ鷳һʵֵܲգϽָָװϽǮˡ
ͺ񻹳Լ赱У˵ѧĵطǰȻΪҪ˹㷺ĴТӻߵ˹ְ֮ˣǷǱѰĳˡ
õģߡˣǮǴүܸǮˣάЦݾϹӭߡ
вСżͺϽ뿪Ƿ֮أǶˡ
ȥСøϽ·ݹȥָָĸ䡣
ûˣͺò׻·ò˵⸱Ƥһ˵ĺܣƵ·˻ͷüǳˬ
ȥģûȥ˵ļڷĲС
ŶͺϢеĶλȥ͸Ѿλȴʱ
ɿŸ֣ĵվӭ
磡ͺΪʱ仹еصԭһֱû۹绹ǺǸһãû뵽ܿһĽ֡
򡱼ͺתͷϤףȵĺ
ɵӣǳҲŸȥĶˣ
úúáӪȴǴӦͷҪ󡰡
ðԾĴװžµķͣŵĿǰļͺ񣬱Ͼ֮ǰԼֳֺģĲ֪ԼǺá
λǡۼĿվں棬Щ֪롣
áһ֮¸Ź֪Ǻá
磬ѡͺ󷽷С˶Ľܵ
Ƿǳ𾪣ԼӡеܵǾԲϲ˵ģȻô֪Լ̸˵ķС
վһԵûôֻ࣬ǾεҪʲô˴֮ͥ¾ܵģԼûдӦ
ҡҲǡС˶ߺ͸֪˵Щʲô
ֻǴһϾȻˣԼܵζԼĵܵܲڻӵԼҸٺòϢˡ
תͷ͸ĬĶӡ
ɣʲôԼ㣬Ϊ롱
Ǹ硭磬Ҳѡλ棬Աߵļͺ񼷵ͷ֪ܡ
ȻǶ֮ЩֵֹģҲֻͬǳŷżһ˵һ˵ҳ
ͼҰǺġǰϺǿķһҲܻԼĸ飬Ǽֲ֣żҲպ«ưҲŪһŪ
ãͼҲСѣȲˡϺҲǲҲǣֻðһۼͺϣ˲ҪڼǰЩ顣
ͺ񣺿
ڶ濴ЦС߽ôǰûԼܵôɰһ档
Ե㣬ôϿˡߵЩС׾˵
ܵܣǸȥĵܵܣĵ˵㿴㣬ԴӡͲ֪Ľˡ
ͺϽԭԼΪӱסĵطй߸磬һٷԵܰ
ԱôһӣĨĨ͡
šȻǷ¿ֻϿ뿪͸˵䣬ܲĴž͹ˡ
ôõİת֣
Ȼע⵽ͺͷĿֻҪæȥɣҺڼҵġ˶һۺòۡ
ã߰ɣܲǡ
š
#
ţҲ׼Ϣãã˼Σţš
׵ҹĴŹϵ飬һ˵ûһֱʲôãҪһɲУò֮飬ڻ׼׼ʼɡ
Сү־ʳˡĿǰɫصˣԼΪСүܳԺúȺãСүÿ춼ھʳǿʼˮ;ۿɼή
š׵ҹصˤ棬Ȼ¥ȥ
һôֲԶ
ŵƣǹբŲÿǵȫС˶ƣصĲƬոմɨɾʵǲٻˡ
һ׵ҹ͵ƿѣű޾˷ŭ˵ԲȺԼȥǲǣ
һڱ棬ȫκηӦ֮ǰ׵ҹ˵ڷŭķƢһ㷴ӦҲûУûκλӦͬľżһ״̬˸Ӳ
㲻һᣬ˼Ӧ棬㡭׵ҹû˵꣬С˶ֱˡ
š׵ҹʱңһ鶼ûôĸ黹ϲ롣
Դϴһ˵Լ͹йԺѯʹҽ˵ǿǰ̫룬Ҳѹô鶼鲻ǲڵġ
㡭˵㻰
ǣ˵㻰ӣѷٶ
#
˴磬ʲô飿ͼͺϻع˼ңͿܲһʼü
ʲôʲôʲôġʵЩϲļֻ߰һӢĸ
ȥμᡱԼҲȥЩֻܼĽ͡
ܲԼ֮ǰǿƲμЩᣬƶЩõӡ󣺡ܲȥ
԰㲻ȥˡ
Ǿͺáܲһˡ
ġһûСĳŹ۾żеֻ
Ǹ˴磬ûСԼҲ֣ôЩˣôʧһ
Ҹо̫ԾͺԱ˼ԼôãһԽʧ˰ɡ
Ҳп˼ҸʲôġСΪŽڣô׼Ҳʲô飬ο˴Ҳ˵˱Լˡ
šҲǡ֮ǰԼսʱԼµļжǱŮԣͳȥеĶ˻أɴѶճɾ˽ȥ
Ȼûʲô£ҺͼȻȥˣҪѧأûôСͺ֪
˭ȥС˻ڼǰ˵Լʲôѣնˡ
ôˣ㲻һȥȥģͺСӱֿͣЩŭСģһֻС̹צצһӵ
ţǵͷĵʹš
ҪҪѧУ˦סԼˣתͷ
ڻѧУʲôҿ㣬Ϊ֪Ŀζϡ
㣡Сû뵽˾ȻЩҲԼʱͷڱץסѱҲǣҲǡ
ߡͺǿӲסСϸϣֱȥѰȫŪȻ󽫳ŹؽԼϼʻ
˵Ҳȥ
ҵġ
ִ֪ѧЩֻüƤһأҵģô壬ܲܺú˵Ҳȥ
ȥҲȥ˵꽫ȥ



95 ǹ
ù׵ҹϵı˵ôһȥᣬԼ˵Ļǻ
˫ݹȥ׵װһ˿ҲûУԾ̹ʰ
Сү͹ȥ˵󴦵ĳ塣
ǡ
Сүᣬ
һڴϳŸֻ˵˵ԼȥܲϢֱ⡣
˵Ҫȥ᣿С˶˫۷ŹĿǸ
ǵģСүү˵·ͳ
һٴ·ȥ䣺˵
#
Ӵܣ
Ϊ֮׼ңμӴһЩʮҪͽģȻһ׵ҹһ½½ʼ˹ơ
һվԱĬĬóԼλã׵ҹûоܾܡġһڸţС˶ûоֻܾܲ
һĹܲȴڼȴֻĻظȻǴ˽Ψһꡣ
׵ҹžƱۿǰС⬲ͣڵתţ𣿡ѯߵ顣
ܣ˼ûоܾƺû
šקβ˵˵á  ôڣСһѾÿһطȥˣǲ֮ǰԿǸϤӰ
үҪˣѾӦڳϵˡֱӵֱһ˵
֪ˡС˶ԾɲĶͣѰԼĵǸӰӡ
һѾμӴᣬڸûؼˡ׵ҹڳϳһ̣ܾ֮ǰԼѾˡ
С˶뿪ԱѾʼɨĲиһһȱСƹҲȫرա

ڳ棬һ·ԣĬóܽ˾ǰŵĿţҴ
磬Ҫֻһ˫ֱز
׵ҹȴֻǶԼֻ˵һЩĪ¿ͷĻҽңȻ㲻ֲˣʹӪҺҲûʲô⡱
㣡һ֪⼸ľʳˮĿȻ𵽷ЧȻʹôһвԼ
ôصǸ״̬𣿡׵ҹԾɿֻһġ
С˶ûͨѶߣȻ֪淢ʲô飬Ҳ֪Լ˱ĸı䡭
#
ʲôһĸ粻ģϴͿĳϵѺȻűըı⡣
⿴ıϣĴᣬֵܾȻĴֳǳӣʱߵķǲڰʾʲôأ
ôʶľòԣϢ̬ȣΪִܲϢʵ̫ˣûô򵥡
ôˣͺֱӱסСӡ
ܲܰ·áһƴȥԥģֻ΢ȥϴּϴһ󴩺ԡۡ
һ±ˡֻչʾͺ񿴡
ͺ񿴹ԺҲǷһпܣӵ·˵ҽƵķǳ䣬Ϊڲôڽܵ顣ϴǳԷʱҲһס
ͷʼô죬ǵȸ߹ܲɡ
ڱˣ˵ͺԼϱϲ˵·ǳˬôôϲı˵顣
±ƵĿԼֻߡ
˯˵һأϱӡ
ڶ죺
˴磡ͼͺʵĳ˲ˬֱȥ˼ˡ
үǡܼʵǿүҽ֢ѾúܶˣҲܴһЩ˾飬ʼָǰӡ
壬һ¹ܡɰļ˼ҾһֱܼҵϲǵĳƺռͣӦֵܰɣԼôһˣһֺܿŵ״̬ԼСүиҲǺõġ
GС˰ܼĿˡ
ǵģ壬ôˣ˴ǲʲôֵˣΪ˹ܲٱ˵񾭲ͼͺûٽ̻ȥ飬Щ˵ģ
ûûУȥɣү鷿ܼһЦӯӯģļͺ񷳵úܣôһһҲûС
ܼȻע⵽硱ÿζֵԼڵС̫أô˭װͰ͵ġ
šͺͻȻȻܼûƿǰֱˡ
СӱͻȻŵùǺͣȥ
ˣѾˡ
㡭
ܼұոջ崺˲佩Ӳԭֵܰүһϱпԭ
˴磡ߵ鷿Ϳܲģڴ顣
ˣллңڶЩܽ١˵Žϵ۾۾
˴硭ȷʱǱһĸҲ˴ֻϵŽͼøܲ
ţǰ˵Ӧôźãܲȥ׼ףԼҲ΢һĸĸѾڹݣܹڵ飬дС黹й˾һĸڴһøأԼֵܡ
ǵġ˴磬һĸ粻ġϽըŽһ˵ԼĵĲ²⡣
˵һܲŵĿżԼǽϱƵ
ǵġ
УھȥֱܲӴλװߡ
ͺ񲻿ÿһֻôֱȥΪ⻹أԼܷݰɣү
ܲûֻ侲ȷǣ֮ǰոչʱ򣬾Լһеȥϱ˵񾭲ס˺üζûãһӶϱܼǸʱԼֱҽԺٴ顭
ô죬˵νĸʵǡܲһȭ棬û뵽ľɵʵľȻѺۡ
ɣȥһһǴѧأӦû⡱˵
Уһ㡭ͺʱˬôԼϱҪΪ˵ȥðء
ûµģ񡱼ο׼ŭˣһԼ˵ҲǺҪģΪ˭ȥ顣
һҲǺҪģΪ˴Сýš
áͺֻܴӦ
һߵլ
磡ʲô˼ȻԼڴϻ˼꣬ڵ鶼̫˽⣬Ϊ¿ʶԼǿöġ
ֻС˶һѽװӹȥȻӡ±ʶ۴ĿĺܣԼȻݵĴ·ô˶ӶҶýصᴦܡ
ǹģһŷӦ֪ԼһᵽˣԴһʼǹġ
׵ҹ߳ûԼǹģǸ˼СʶȤĿһĻû뵽ЧԼûҪá



96 
ʲô˼Ǹ˼׵ҹϣֻԼⰲŵĶý¼
磡ˡһû뵽ȻΪôĵ׼ҵĳŶ˵ڶ׼ҵĺ·
үһλм˵СүĴѧͬѧҡ
νֵĽ׶Σ׵ҹ˵ҿŪʲô
ǡ
լǰڶսˣ˵һôûѧУˣͬѧǶͦġЩ滰Ͼһɰ˶ѧУǷǳġ
ҸУѧϰ׵ҹɳŶ˵
磬ȥѧֵղûһֱڼǰѯʡ
԰̻ڣѧУȽϺãͬѧǶͦġ˳Ż˵
ðѧУȥҸû뵽׵ҹֱӲ·ƣȻͬ
ģɱƭ˵ġС˶ȻЩţɻʵ
ʲôʱ˵ĻûʵֹģϴβҲȥ׵ҹеı˵
ĸˣ̫ˣû뵽ôɵĽ
ھҪȥѧУһȴҪ󣺡ھͰҺͼͻѧУ
æСүʰ÷ڳϡ׵ҹӣȫû֮ǰǹľͷ
һĪͻѧУ
һ㡭û°ɡ
С˶ʰԼĴֻ̻û뵽ȻͻȻŹԼˣ֮ǰһ׼Լһӵơ
û£ܲأ
Ҹոո˵ˣ·ϣ㲻֪˴ൣģһʼΪ粻ͬⳡ£һֱڳⷽŬš
һȴֻͨѶͿĺ룬ÿÿ춼ڷϱôң
ϱ
ϱúãɲͬ˰
򿪼΢ţ˸ոտʼļǱ˷⣬Ķǹܲÿ߶߶
ɵӡ
С˶ֻſڴһһţһʼòǻĪϣͻʹԼһƵĻʱ滹ммͺı
ܲʱݲҪʹṦһߣԼֻֽͨߣҪ
㣡
٣ѾܿˣٿΥͨ򡭡ʻе˾εĻظԼֻһ˰ү
˫ε׷УǸϵHѧ
ϱܲһžͿһſڴš
С˶ϤѸ̧ͷ๫ǳʶ뿪ֳ
ϱǸ˭ˣܲ˵ĵһ뷨ǼǷûյʲôõĶԴˣϾսʱҪǱĻ롣
û£ôҲҸ磬ġһһѱһĨڹܲص档
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Ҳ֪뷨һֱġһ͵

ûУţĪҷˡ
ȥˣԺһɡܲһѱסС˶Լż磬黰һһ
ѧġ
û˵꣬һסͣˡ˵ҵľˡ

ɿС˶һĿ֣ĿǰˣѧЩʲô߰ӵġ
أͺϵᣬһȻȥһһǸǸô죿ô졣
Ӧȥʳ˰ɡһص
ôǳԲҪȥʳóԷͺòԾϽȥƽʱζʳãȻСֿʼĳŷƽʱʳ
Ժûͺüͷǰˣһ㶼̧ͷͷԡ
ȻᣬҰ˾С
԰ɣȥҽԺһ£Ѿ͸˵ˡǾӪһҽԺǱȽȨ֣Ҳ˽һ㡣
ΪɶСӻ֪ʲô飬Щ
㲻ķԵ̫ͺɨļ룬üʵ
ңЩŭ˻Լ
ûСˣֻʳ̫ʲô⡭Ǵβ͵ǵ˵
֪֪ˡӻֱʾԼԷ
ò׵Сӳֶ꣬͵߲·˷š
óš
ôˡͺΣô˳Եòǣ
԰ͣá
磬ˡͺ˷ڴϣǰ˵
ܵܳˣˡοĶеĴչüͷü̾
ôˣ磿ͺŸıҲʼĵĪʲô֢
ʵǲԼ۾Ȼһ̥
磬ֱ˵ɡҳܵ𡱼ͺؿţڻƽϢԼڲ
еСˡɻŲͣ۲ǰÿһضѾˡ
ǾͺáͺظԭֻǻУ̫ˣʧȥıҲˡ
ΪܵϢ𺳣˼飬û뵽ƽƺ֪ỳһ
ô֪
ţ磬鷳㱣ܣԺ顱
Ȼԣ⻹һȤоأܵܣҵ˼
ͺûнӻ΢΢ЦŰŪеΣƺĬϵ״̬
ˣ磬ף͸úϡ˵껹ĿһϵǺۡ
ҽԺţոջŶӳŵˣֿʼϤϤĳСʳ
ôڳԣ̫࡭˵ŸӶԺӲãԺѾ
˵ãһ˵Ͳ㱻ǺÿԼѾбŵԼСӡ
ǵģ˵ˣѾпһˡ
˼ʱ䣬ȷһǰԼͻȻԺܶܶ࣬ͻȻθڴԭǱˣȫû֮ǰʱµܣһֱԳԳԡ
ͣԼСӣƺܸоСԼǻ
ҵðϢһǿȥɡ˵Ż滹ͣġ
úúã㡱ͺεСķߡ
#
˵ܵѻˣ
šŸոջֹ·СĻӦɤӵɳ֤ոһ۵顣
Ӧ˫ƣʦҲо⣬öкӱϳ
ôŽűߵһ飬ԼξԼɱǰɵȻΪԼԲãܵҲʧˡ
ɵӡ
ôܵܽҴɵӣҲСǡǰ˲˼ͷԼǸʱ̫ϲˣԼСöͣ۸ˡ
ûʲô㱾Ǵɵӣ˵ת˻š
ԣɵӡֻɵӡ



97 ص˼
1ҳ
ϣ˼һޡܹ˵ƤӣԴϻʺͻ
к󣬻ϾȻѪģҹŻͻȻȻҪʲô
죬ܹ»ֲ족δߵĹܲ˫ͨ죬Ѫ˿
˵ĺܣʹǵٱҲûôǱ
ȥλ˼ҹܲŻң˫ַβһϾҪŭģ
ǡܹæȥλ˼ҡ
#
ϱҺҵˡܲС˶ʵ÷ֿԼ˶ٿ࣬Ѱ˶òҵģҲҲҪֿ
򡤡һͷԼĶӣƽƽģһС͹ûУ꺢Ӻ
ЩɿƻСӶûС
ߵģŬŬС
һСһǺ«һᣬĨͣıԱߣ
һҸոȥ飬ҵıˡ
Сĵ㡱ͺεĿСӻҶ治°ѱŪûոճ˷˵
ģС˶ɿܲżĶӣѵĻܻôôȷ֮ǰǸأ
ǰԤеġ˵Ѵһסһ־ԼĶ濿ԣ
Ҳ
С˶ʵ˵ͷܲҲ˵ͷϲˡ
ѽ򶼻ġ
š
ͺյܲߣ˼Ц
ϱҪҪȥһסܲʵ
ǰڿ϶Ҫλãعլ밲ȫϤϤĴ
ıóţֿʼУС˶ٳٶҲֵĵط1ҳ
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ãֻеθʹѡ
ϿÿεϽʦһǳˣƽʱľǱ˲ΣȻ˵ǴѧҪɵ㣬Ҳ˵Ĳǡ
˸Ͻֿװģʼǡ
ûˣܲڽγո˯һΪʲôܲôС
԰Խ϶ξԽٰΪʵϰ׼ˣҲ
㡭ҽҲöܲЩεĻص
úúã߰ɣǻؼҡ
ܼңǳʲôһȻŹֱ߽ܲš
ϣүϲţşܼ̌ͷܲʾ
˼Ҵһ㶼Ӧడٺòɱѻˡ
лл塱С˶ס͵Ц
ܲվԱΨΨŵŵĲ˵ţţϴǸÿӵ
컹ǳԼҳ˰ɣĳ˳Բϰء˵Ц߽䡣
ܼôˣȻ˾ˮƽҲ˭үв
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õСҽ⼸ʱʱ̿λߣиʲôȾġ
öˣллҽЩӽϴҲûûһˡ
ɫҪǰκõöö࣬ǰԼMBAðˣзݹȥѧǲǾĹƵġ
СҽôͶѧϰԼäһҲֻǸʦѧ˼ҽˣ΢΢һЦŻԼʰ
ȿȡϴڴѾ˺ܾã˹ҽ
ϴ󣿡
ôˣ
ںöˣҾ˻ͦġСҽ⼸콫ٵɿö࣬Ҳѧ
ˣֹ۲Ƭ̺ʵڲҪ˰ɡ
ҪˣԼŪġ
ɣʲôٽ㡱˵߽䣬һͦεıӰֻ
ҽôٻû̧ͷͱĪıţϤζзӦſң
㣬ôô㣿ϴʵܲջ󣬱첻ǳ˶ٺĽƵĲУıԼ˵ֻҷģԼֵġ
һңҪHپԼ侲
أ⻹㰡ϴ˿ԼոձȺѪȾɫףüǰˡ
ϴһܲŹҡٵͷġ
ϴҶ֪ˣҽнܡϴȻƽոֲڵģʵʰһҲǸʵĴ󺺣ԴֱòС
ܣڲܷܲſҡٺµĶҪ
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Ѿ侲ԼͶѧϰÿ΢СĶԼʮֲ
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֪֪ˡѸٴ·ٲȻתͷҲûж룬ϽЩ´˺Լıһúȡ
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ӻ᲻ո˸ѧУˡͺһʼԴȳ˺üˣͻȻŻϿο϶ǲˡ
ãһô졭˵
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ðɡŻЩ򵥵ĻشֱŻ³ܵҪÿԶҲԲȥȫˮġ
ͺ񿴵ۣ֮ǰԼб»ϲĺܣֻ׸ʹࡣ
û£³ˣ¸ŻƣЦŻشƺû֮ǰֲҪӵľģҪñ
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š
ͺСĽڴͷԼԱһͬۿ
ι磿ţͦõģţе£ڹͺ񿴵һ룬ͻȻ绰
תͷźϵ˭ѽ
˹ҵ绰˵Ǹ磬֪㻳вܣ㡱
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šſ˫ʾͺ񣬴ȻֵУ˱ϴּˮϴ衣
ˡ
ڼʵǽŵĺܣ͸һģԼе㲻̫ãһ΢İӡ
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ôĶԼĵϱ
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GڻһСõģ崺磬ò˵ϱɵúúϧ
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ͺһƻʱĲͷһˣǰЩսȫʧǱߵĸ绹ţԼγԼǰԸĥźá

ͺŻع˵ǵ顣
ôˣһأ
û£뻳еôЩͺĿż
죬ڱǰ˵ʲôأŭĿһۡ
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102 ȡ
˼Ҳ֪ʲô飬ͻȻ˾Ǳ߷˴©еŵһԽԽ壬ڲԣܲߡ
㶼סûһʵǵģͻȻҪٿʲô´ᣬɵģԼ˭ƶûŪס
ס˼סˡӻںͳ
ֱܲһĸԼϵ
ˣ߰ɡС˶ؼ˵
ãˡ
˼ҼҴҵ󣬹˾ҵĵش¥涼Ǵ죬ǰ컹Ǻҹ۵ĺܡ
ܡǰ̨Сݸλϼ˺Щ꣬Ͼôҵ඼ֿȵĸλԼҽѾˣ˵ǰЩû뵽ô˧
šܲżЩܲãԵĻشһߵԼרݡ
һĻڹ˾ıఢ̿󣬾Ի󣬹һֱǺģֻΪ͵Щôô䣬ǰЦء

̣ˡǰ̨СҾʵҲȽ϶ò
ǰܿɲģôˣ
ǰ̨СҲǵһμ̵˼
ĺذҲߵˣСʱĹܲء
#
δҲ̫˰ɣؼʱôʱҵɶڵȴѾ겻
ˡ
ţ˵ɡܲǵԼݣڸֹɶǰάԼļӡ
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ǡôѸٵĳɳȿȿȡػԵϽˮݹȥһͿʱGGġ
ǵģ·Ӳš
#
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ٺµķԼ޸ĸѾˣڸԺǱ۸ԲòһݻĹԼûŬɹͱˡ
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ߡ

йƵ԰ܿͽܴݵ߽ϴּϴֻһڴܡ
ʹ
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꣬ܣҪӰˡܴһֱǰܲ׷Ƶ׼ҵģϰȻסá
ֻ׵ҹװģĲžƱ򵥵ġšһ
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˵ҲֱóļƿƿʼͣȻƿɡ
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103 Ͷ
ģǸʲôԵġԺַһˣŭȺСǡ
ԲϴȥԷˡСΪǸϴƤӵӦûµģ˭֪ͻȻԼȥ˰
ԷԷǲǣȥҡ
ǡ
ٴӷܳһֱ˶ĵطȥԼ֤ѺӦܰʱ֤
ҪȥXXĳƱٴƱƱԱó鼤ĲУԼܻؼˣȻؼʰʰһӣ
ֻ賿ˡ
á
ٲ棬ӦòҵİɣôҲоڵĳվȻԼ̫Щ
ҪȥģںѾſ̬٣ͻȻо˲ĽӽûԼ̧ͷϤ
𡭽ܣܳ𲻱ڻ½Ūιȥ
ߡ
ѹԼѾֻص˾Ƶ꣺㣡Լӿڴ滹ųƱæӱѾгʱ䣬йһ㴹ŹҺòá
Ϊô꣬ûһ˸ʱض뿪Լģǳˬֱӽݺ˵´ΣɾͲô򵥴ˡ
ɷľˡ
Ĭ
СǱסԼ׷С²ۡ
ǰҲûץ˭ԼԶֵġ
˺ţɣ㿴֮ǰȥС
쿪ʼٵجξͿʼˣֹĴ˶ɳܵǣԼҲ𽥱Ӧ
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#
˾ܼһЩӽͷöĹܲԼҲΪġ
ǵġܲûиһһжԭ򣬲С˶Ե޹ʵĵģв͸ǽͰסֽĻء
ҿԼ̣ң˼ҵĴҿɾͲұ֤ˣ
һĪĻһֻ棬绰
һ
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㣡
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Ҷ˵绰һվڳ֪ĿǰΪԼô
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ڲҪˣллţˡܲ˿Ͻȥ˾Ȼˡ
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ҪǱֺãҿ԰æȰ˵һֲɵӣôҼԼǣĺء
Ҫʲô
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ǣΣϾ֪ˡ
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ιܲһں׵ҹԷؼûС˶ĹܲĴ˵绰˳ԷĶֹͣ
ģ
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һ극ϴ裬ŵµ¥ϴ˯ʲôûνֻҪþС
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ʹܣҺʹټѾǷΪ˾ֲ֪أʹҪ
ˣģôôˬأ鵱Ȼôôˣװʲôء
ҲǸʲôˣС
һҹ󣬻һǽ壬ʱĽܿɲٵԼϴˬ󣬻˸طֻʣĥ˲֪𴲣ÿһ۵Ҫ
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ˣ˧磬һ𣿡ı¶ŮĳͣЩûʲô֮ģҪġ
ܿûʲôƢԼߣΪʲôôôʹء
˧磬ǲŮˣŮ˶ЩУһһ׼
ҲЩҪ˵ţ뿪ҡ
ϣڸв֪ŮͺˡŮ˱˵űϴա
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ιǸʲôMABʲô
ŮЦԭǸMBAָ̹˶ʿȫơ̹˶ʿоѧλּܹʤιҵ;ùŸ߲Ҫʵ͡ͺӦ͸߲ι˲šҪҵӪΪԱҵֱΪģ֮Ժϰô
Ů˽ֻĿնһ顣
ԭˡ⵹Ҳ裬ô飬뿼ɡ
Уɣһˡ
٣ŮЩܻѼôˣ



104 
ѧ˰޺ԼʰʰţѧϰҲݽϡ
ڶһ磬Լûд˯ѣ񾭲һĽֱӽ뷿䣺㲻ϲʲôMABʦţ԰ɡ
ܿԱŽ̾ߵʦ˯еֱӱѣǸֻȥεǸ˭رǸ˭
ʦ
ãλ˵ѧɣãԺѧϰʦӢѳɻ飬ϵ޾ˡ
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ٻعֻ߽ʵô⡱
лл˵ĹϵƺһЩϴΪġ
#
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ΪܲͷʸףȴͻȻͺץסʾʡ
аɣҺ͹ܲȻȥˣʱԣܾûˡ
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ôͻˣһء˿տҲĻš
˵Լؼҡܲԭء
ܣ϶ǡһʲô顱˵
ͺϽסͬ˵ûҲôã˵ǵЩ֡ԼǱЩϵƽʱҪǱ˻ﶼúúôкУȴͻȻ

ЩطǸܵķáͺ͵
˼ǱһвˣʲôܱвģĸǡͷԱը˼ܲüͷҲܲ³߰˰ˡ
ǹܲǺܺùɡͺҵˮҲжš
ǵģ˵öԣܲŷӦԭİݶһԼЭ˵ġ
ĬĬŹܲѾܾû˽ˡ
ϡͺ˵ǵǹʱ
ǵáܲû̧ͷص
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һըԵŸճ׼Ҷ顣
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ͺʵ֪Ϣ׼һЩμԼĶᣬаԼĸĸи磬ԼǾܾˡ
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ˣʱô족ͺ˵
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һᣬȴһ㶼գһλǣһӶ¥ĲǰԼأȴֲԼء
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ʱԡһ֪ȨԼϡ
׼ңͻͽ֮㣬ɵúúӦһѧϰѧϰõġ鸸ĸȻݶ꣬ǶЩ黹ԵĺܣҲȢޣٲӵ̬Ҳиܺõá
֪ģסûƤײһԱߵˡ
ţסˡЩΣԼԵľļˣܾԼǷ࣬鸸ĸһʼҲǲ̫ϲԼӾȻϲһˣСͨˣԼҸͺãרȥѧϰЩ֪ʶ֪Ҳһȡ
鸸ĸȻҲǶжϱѾȫȻˣȻͥĳôء

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ңԽԽھȥǸʲô磡
ͺС˶һ嶯ɳʲôõǿһʬԼҲṶġ
˵˵Ϊʲôֿеϰµġ
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ͺ﷢ЦСĶһɰԵԶѨ
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ڿɺã֪Լĵȴˣͺһˮӣ֪뷨ˣȻڶԼСƻСӱƽʱԵĸࡣ
ѽһһһһʵٶЩϡ
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˻Ȼ̫ˣСһӡ
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ˣ˯Ҳˡ
áͺ¥ŪãȻٻСӻطԼÿζǵ˯źԼŻ˯ġ

Сһգֱܹȥˣٶ֮죬ܼ
ͺԱַЩ̵̥ȻæͿͿӣԺƣСӲ֪ĵ֪ƤһһƣŵԷûԺãͺΪ˸ָͻ˪ûмͿĨϣеðɡ
˱磡֪εʲôʶĽг˵Լŭ
ǣǻˡͺҲЩ˼û뵽ôã껨ƺ󡭡
㣬ҡ
ԲǸʱҡǸʱԼԼȫҵĳޣ˶ɭĺܣ϶ˡ
ҹƯֻҹЩ˻ΪһһЩ˯š



105 仯
ܣҪɵСܽеƬ˦˦ϣȻ̽Ƭմ
ãٿɡ
СǸǮµ˼Ȼΰְֿ˿ڣԼҲûȽϳˡ
׵ҹվڴǰеĲ˰졣
ڸոյмУͥҽ˵һٷȫȫľϲǡ
תеĲƿһתոջصֳЦݣҲΪһһԼҪȥСû뵽ԼҵıеҪá
һҪηŹأ
ԼҲװ飬ͣȥôˣԼС϶ѧϰ
ʦ𣿡Ҳǵһõӣ֪Ȼôûȥ˵ͷǳԣͬѧҺ㡱
ʦˡ
ܷط俴ľܵĿһһǳܵģ
ǸʲôءĴ󺰵
ԼҲǼʶˣ˵Ļ֪̫Ҳܲ²˵λáˣڽȦʵ̫ˡ
ǸֻǽѧǽĿξڵΪֹͬѧɻǡ´˵˵ɵ绰˵һС˾ǸӲӣӦûʲôɵġ
õģллʦٻЩѧϰУĵĻ˻֣̫鷳ʦͣôˡ
ܿģܸӲˬʵ˿ɴûжԼЦ
ûС˵ٸոյǿֵģôھõ˵ƵҪ
ô￩ЩĿ
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šܵǵĻԴü˵㡫һˡ
ʲô˶֪ٽϵĲݸֽͰͣǿסҪ˵ĳ嶯ҪϢˣۡ
ţҲǡ˵ԹԵߵʼϴȫ˼һ˵ĸܣٿŽΧԡ
ˣϢĳ˺ĵ˵һ䡣
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߽ʼϴԼеĶ˺òˣ
˯ҵ㡱ǡĳַ˵һ䡣
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ʰú봩·ֱɳ棬ҲգֵĴź˯ˡ
˵ÿһÿһ붼ĥ
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˾Σǡ㱨Źǹ˼ҲزǰʢʱˣĲԱйƱµѾʱȦԴ˸еʮֵĲοЩŵĺĶй¶ȥ
šЩܲû취ȥ棬ڴԽԼѾŬˡ
ɡ
һֱǸڹ߹飬ΪٻǸû뵽ƽǡ
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һڼҰֵַţѧУòϵİ༶ȺͻȻԾǶȥĶʵϰ  йϵȥ˼Ǳߵģˣα  ҾͲһˣȥ׼ңڿνǳĺϡ  ǰ˭֪׼ôţż찡аûУ˼ҿǼҴҵҵҲǺö꼸ĳɹ  ԰׼СүǺһ༶ģ  ۣѹֿѧѧϾͲϣá  ˵˲ǣϲϲ@һ  𣿹ϲϲ  ϲϲ

˵˵ȺĻһתʼϲϴεĶʽһֱӽֻˤ飬¥µ鿴ͿСүֻЩ£ԴСүصԺÿ춼ЩƢҲС
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үϢŭֻǴٺǿүһˡСлˡں޵˵
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ģҿɴû㵱ܵܿͻһˡ
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Ȼˣң˵ˣǶֲãֻݿ
һǰԼϤİˣԭһʼʹҪְ飬ԼǿۣΣԼеһ⣬ãйܲڡ
ߣûνҪ˯ˡ˵׵ҹһ¥ȥ˿˺ĳˣ޼ɵķСƢ



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İɡһȷĴϷﲻͣš
СŮͷ·˸Ͻ¥صԼλСүҲ̫ˡ
һֻķˣӺʱǸͷ  Է
ܲûͷûβһ䣬Լʵǲ֪ЩʲôϢ׵ҹ˻ǵϢ͸Ȼ׼ҵĳһĵԿʼεεš  ˡ  á
ﺮճ׵ҹǰĻָͣô档
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ʲôܿٲˬģԼĻҪʲôԼˣʲôŤ
ܣҲ顱ԼıӽڸסԼЩֵֹ·ãԼǸˣ
·ˣʲô·Լһ۾Ϳˣòװв˴ϣ˿ǲǰŪ
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СǺҴĽĴ߳͵Եġ
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ڴ΢һ󣬲ȥϴּ䡣
ĵƺﲻͣĸԼƣǰ̵ˣ㡣
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۲ۣҹͻȻۣŵðϽѼͥҽЦԷǵǾȻϳԵ̫θԵ㽡θʳƬûˡ
ˡԼȣôΪԼԵ̫డ̫ɵ˰ɡ
ͺ񿴳ľȣ΢ЦԺЩĶòá
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Сү˵ȥʵϰӣ뻻ʽϵķװ鲻֮ǰǰйı顣
˵һϤװޱĿǰˣвв
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ٻصѾһˣһ㱻ŵļҲûУԼҲ𽥰
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ĺҹκϤϤԣƽҲǡ



108 䣨Աȣ
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ϣ־˶ԣɫʮأϾ˭ء
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ոջЩѵͷȻѹǳȻܰķ䣬΢ܺתͷͿһϢ٣ԼΪֻΡ
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٣١ܸϽ˻ѡ
Ϥ˲䷴θ

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ҲǸӣﱾʹֱӽഩϵĿӰˡ
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ּΨһү˵ĺգĽܲõĸĸ˵Ҳȥҹνĸ̵ǣһĹһŮĸ׿Լ󣬻Լ׽ȥ
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ʵǣԼ˯ȥԺ˶һֱû뿪ֻͿҩԺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ
ôûߡٿǰλƵĽܣϻ֮ǰԼ
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Щ໰ҵҵĽ·ϴɾ뿪ϵԿȻⲻ˱ӡԺɾͷˡ
ǱнѵģƬ˶һЩåߴүǣǲƽ͵̬š
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ܲһѾˣһźš
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111 ˵Ҫ޸ҵģ
ӱֱ³ǻ⣬׵ҹʹòֶεĹϻܣվǳ©
˭ҲʹʹǽҲֻһ˶ѣ̫죬ϼŵ˲ò佱ܵԭһֱĬеġ
ô˵ĪõһøеĹܲô¶࣬׼ڽͷöԼһҲиʱܽӴ
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ġ߳ˮһİԣû뵽ܲȻôֱеһ档
ȥתľעȻøٵһ
ۡΪǹŴˣ
˭һĺܣò׵Լ
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С˶ߺڻûأΪ˭Ŷ
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СүΣյĺܣҲõԷˡڿͿ˵СүƢܣͽͻߴ֣˼ֶСүǹţһ취ҲûС
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˴ˣӲûɳϵӰ
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ˡ׵ҹɳϣűʼǱԣ⼸һֱʰ̯ӣԼδȥ˶֪
ţȥҴѧͬѧˣǺ˵ô
׵ҹԾǲţõĻᣬûһС˼
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ģΪô࣬㻹ȥǸʲôܲû뵽ֱӱŭ
㣡˵ԺҪ޸粻𣿡ץסһļʹҡε
ǶСʱͯ޼ɡС˼ֱҪѪôʱϷԼ˵Ҫ޸ְأǺЦ
߿Ҫ˯ˡ˵ֱԽ¥ȥ



112 ת
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һΣֻ֮ЩǮƽԭĶذˣ⻹ǹϸӣϾɽﵽʱɾͲôһˡ
ġ
ϧҪǸʱѹܲɵʧ̫󡱽ϰϳЩϲòȻЩ߰˰˵ʲôá
죬ܶ鲻ͷԼ׵ġ׵ҹԥĻ
ޡΪһϲûðѻ˵ôҪԼͷԼ򵥺ô׼Ҵүң
ǵԼͲЧˣǮˣӺôֵǻȥʱʱʲôãʱǰϻв򱪡
ߣŽϴ󲻻ôȥġ˵׵ҹһA4ֽڽǰĿĺǡ١
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ǳصģЩ֪ˡ㷭˷ЩԼ֪Ķͷĵ̻ͷȽϺð¡
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֪Ժ˷ֲͬʱ룬Ϊǿ˵Եʣ˻Ǻܶ࣬޺ѡ޵ˣϾպĺ˭ĿأѧУñƵʽø档
ٸȺʽңߵעĽš
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Լһܣ˵ҵǢ̸ּ緢Լλ棬ǰܻһ࣬أ˲ǡ
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ڹ˾Ҫʷˣ˵˺ö˲ڹ˾ôһֱһֱʡ
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һ˵ɫĻɫģֻĹAPPЩ᲻
ǰɡڲŶôżʲôһЦʵ
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Ŷаɣ̫桱
˸˵ģڴ˾Լ飬Ȼĺг



113 ָ
뿪һȥѾȥˣеʱһЩǷȨȥĺг
ֺ͸󣬻صʳȥԼġ
ȵҡ˵ԺϹʲôư趼ϡ
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ϲʲôӵĸŮӰҿ԰㿴һļ˵
겻Ʋһִ֣󷽣˵Ҳƽƽġ
Ҫ˵ʺϸýţһ۾Ϳ˼ҲǣԼһʱ򣬾;ЩҰȫһӦǴ˼ҳİɡ
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114 ϵͳ
ʵǿԵģо״̬ܺáϴڰ칫Ծʱͬ¿˷ܵĽԼĿ׳˵˵ûм׷λͬѧľϢ
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˫ȴ󿪣ַɳ棬һĮĿǵĻʲôABCȫ
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ˣҵһЩȤĶͺ˫ֲ嶵˵

һŹܲһңֻһֻС񱻹棬Ȥ˵ۣͣҴˣҴˣǡ
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أôȢޡԴһԺ󣬶ȥˣÿÿյĸſڿǸλá
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վżſڣȥĸκε߶߶һ꣬һһ޵ĻһֱӡԼԺ棬ǺڣûֹӦġ
Ȼطˡ
⺢ӣô˵֪֪ˣҡ



115 Ի
ΪʲôҸһһĿŵţô˲һƵ飬֮ǰ벻ף
һ˿С˼
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С˶йĵɳϣǸǻزǰô
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ֵ׵ҹֵĶĵִƽĺܡ
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ĸɫЩӲ⺢ôԼ˽⣬ȷ˵Сӷȥ˯ţԷҲûθڣ鶼ιˡ
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ֻû뵽ŵһһӣⶼǺˡ



121 
򣬱㺮塱һ˫۵Сֲͣڿл裬ҪԼĹȨ
ˣˣԣСһݲųãżͺϱͫhŪȥСʳƷһͿ
úúãҪǲǣϹһû뵽ǣܲĻԼˣƤ
ܲʱæýŲմأҪʰС³ණҪСŪóԵģĥԼİɣ
ˣԡÿæðҹСʱСʱ͵һιһ񶼿ˡ
ҲͫhҲǣ׶԰ˡȥһЩɵϢ΢
ϣͣ㣬hǡʣһȰԼԴļһץܺúĸ졣
ǵġһ뵽Щգϴθ˵Ҫһм飬ͱˡ
Ҳ̫ˣҪȢҪ޲ôһΪҲ׼ĵǡ
Ҳǡÿ쿴ý
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