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֪ʱǼʵ۹ӰۡϽ׸ͻȻһСߣŴξܾ˲ɷõ˾С棬ǳС߾˵ףǳݵС߿ʼ˴תѾֲˣһءĳƺ
ǣĳһ죬˷С߲ˣǿʼŵ۹ĵ۾תˡ
ɰİ
ҶΪһѹӢĳˣȥһԼӡ
Ǽʵ۹Ŀ꣬Ҷʼסã˵ܲţ֡
Ǽʵ۹ͻȻðһ˲˱ĵӰۡϽܲԼᣬý౨
ըǣǼʹԵĵ۾Ϊ˷ҰˣǺӶˡ
İд2020/4/17޸2020/10//2
ݱǩ Ȧ Ǽ  쿪
ؼ֣ǣҶثi  ǣƽܣݣԺ  
һ仰飺ҵӶ˴
⣺ͥĽҪТ˳


1 

׵Ĵּ䣬ͻȻһƺߣԭƽĵЩĵطͻͻѿ·Ҫðʲô
ڵſһʬ壬ʬжʱˣɫҰףϵѪѾɺˣԭƽſǴ˿ȴΪһ컡ȣ֫ŤԶʬһ㤵ͷƤ顣
ãֹͣˣָֻ˾ףһоͺδֱһֻѩ׵ͻȻʬ·˳ɢڰյȴʳʬ
죬ֶˣֵð֫ʬ·ðһͷʬ屻Ʒһߡ
ʬ·Ȼһ
˻һ̱˵ϣһͷɫĳϥʱɢһɢɫĵϣľĶǣ̧ͷɫĳŶ󻬣¶СɵһżƫĲƷˡ
Ҷ϶䣬ӳϣյƤ͸
ĽĲۣͫȻǳɫ۵ǾЩˣ̧סϷ̫Լļ򴦣ǻԲСɵļһҧ۵˰̣˰̳¾ɣȻȬֻºۼɢȥ
Ƴһ۲ٿת飬ĿⶨǾ߱Ʒһߵʬϡ
Ǹ࡭
գգۣɽеˮ˿̣ˮɻ
ôǸأ
ŵӵϢ
һѹӢһ˯˺ܾõıѹӢһܡ̬Ρ
ǰѾˣκӵ˱໹Ҫõҵһ֮ʱһ̣˵Ħӱ̻ȥ˴룬ֻʣţֲҲ˵ˣֲ֮޸ʹ˳˯
˯ʶģӳƮ뿪ǿ̣ǳʧȥʶ
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ɡڵƺҪӣĲӶǡһʬ壬ʬӵϢ
Ǿʬ塣
ʬڷͫƽӹİݣǶȺҲͣʬǰһͨͨࡣ
ۣſʬϣʬϵһʶԼıϸϸȥֱǵϢ
ͻȻżʲôֱֻۣ֦ʬµĿڴУǿڴȡһԿףԿ״һװƷװƷᣬ۾ٿʱһ
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װƷһεĿƬ˿̿Ƭ滭ʲôͼƵģƬһͼͼһӣһͷɫ鷢һ˫ǳɫͫྫ¶䣬̬
ָ΢Ĵָͼϵͣ
ǡӣӵΣ
ѹӢ֣ҲģֻҪΪͬһܸ֪õָ֪Զ˵ֱ۵òϵĲͬǱֻòϱضивһĵط۵ķɫͫͼϵ˵˫ͫ
ֻ̬Ȼӣ⿨ƬԲǣӵϢˡ
Ѿɣ̬ˡأΪʲôӵ̬ͼƬϣ
Ƭһԣֱӣһȥɭеķ硣
ѹӢϵڷǰѹӢ޷뿪ԼأȫΪѹӢϢֻҪֲ꽨ϵԶܽнҲ֪˴˵λá
ȻȻı
ɭֵ΢ֲеķ㣬ϸȥ׽еϢȴһ
죬ۣд
ѹӢֲ֮ϵҲжϵģһһжϵ½ǰҲ޷нˣжϵʱˣǸ˴˵λö޷֪
޷׽йӵκѶϢλáζӺܾ֮ǰжϵ
ķţľȱһ顣
Ūӡ
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ѿΪӣӳ뿪ֲʱֲʹͨµֲȻֳ׳ѹӢȺ
ڶǰʧȥ˴󲿷ֵӣʣŶжϵûκεϢ
һʧܵѹӢ
ͫ˵ͷ̱ڵϣһɥڵϵβͣӰԵùµǷϡ
˿ƬͷſƬϵӣĸͼƬӵ죬һ˿ᶨ
ҪҵԼӣΪʲôжϵҪҵԼӣ½ϵңҪӷֳأûֲİ޷зֳģѹӢʹǷֳ׳Ⱥ
ɣ޷֪λõҪôҵأ
˼Ƭ̣ĿתԱߵʬ塣
γ˯ˣһ¼ܣԼӶģκȥǰһЩ䣬ȥģֻδʩչ
ָ֣ͣʬͷϷԶλãϸС֦ͻȻָð˳ȥһ·ʬĺڷ䣬ʧŨܵĺڷ
ۣ֦ںڷŤƬ̺ۣ۵׷ź⣬֦ӦҲ˺֦˿壬Щ֦ȻѾ굽ʬĴȥˣ֦ŤǺһȦһȦģϻʲô
ɢȥԴһߡ
ö໭棬Դɫףһӿ̫ѶϢԴ۹أҪʱȥļ֪ʶ
ڿƬϵӣ֪ˡ
Ƭı棬ⱳһĶֻģǽ֣Լ֣Сƽܡ
γһƽܵˣ
ᡭǱֶȥĵط༫Ϊֻ֣ɱƻȶǶҪġ
ǰۿնɱֵӣּǰͣĳ˯ҲΪ
ôǣңǸȥļУƺܻӭ
벻ͨļ֪ʶҲûȫ޷𰸡
˿ƬȫǾġ
ȥᣬӴ
յļÿһ඼ݣÿһؿҪ֤ݣûݾ޷ͨĹؿ޷뵽ᡣ
Լ׵ĳü˼⣬һᣬٴοԱߵʬ壬һ˿
ʬٴָָ֣̼仯ϸС֦֦Ķҡҷ֦ҶЩ֦ҶӦһʬ沿΢΢Ź⣬Ƭ̣ͫòһ䣬ûΪһ̷ͫӣòƽƽϵʬ峤һģһ
ԼǾú⣬¶ʬûе鶯ƽƽò鶯֮Եúÿ˼֡
ʬȦ˿ʬ壬ԼchiluoϿ˿ȡıӱһ·ϣǴ֪ģıлϴ·ӦƷ֮ģ·Ķòϡ
ӵ˱ֶʬ忴˿ȡһɫȦȦԼϣڲĶĸ߿Ƽÿ඼еԣҲǿ֤ݵĶ൱ݣؿͨ衣
żԣɫȦȦ΢⣬ǰһ͸ĻĻʾɨ󷽵Ľ׼ĻĻɫܸԹ󴫳һŮʶͨڿԡ
Ƭ̺ŮٴδϣźżΪޣ޷ϵ磬޷ʹԣ뾡ǰź
ŬŮҪ˼˵ϵʬ塣
޷ϵ硭Ϊ޷Ѱͬ
Ļϴĺɫ̾ţصԡ
ҶڿʼҶˡ
վʬ룬˫ֵָָŷɫ֦֦ڵһӣʬͱ˽ȥϣջ֦ͷҲص뿪ԭء


2 ҵ1ƽ
ҶҲ֪Լ˶ٸҹΪ֣һô׵ĸоۣҲһҪʱʱĽʳֻҪˮʱˣɭȱľˮ
ԣ˺ܶҹҶҲܾһֱǸɸɾģ˿˺ܶ·ӣȻ̬Ҳɭﴩ󣬵һڹԼҵĺ԰
ɭ˺ܶදֲһ·ûκεı֡
ʹڳ˯ǰ֪ϵıѾϡˣɭִӺܾǰʼǱֵĻءﶼ֣ҪϳǷ񻹴ˡ
˴ľ˾
жϲ֣ʵϴ󲿷ֱֶɱģɱ˱ֺ󷴶ʹɭǰδеƽͰȫ
γ˯ֱӸܵ仯ǰΪԼӲǿı˺ʹڸУСģɭԼûʲôΣӵİȫˡ
ⷽ˵ͦмģǣû˵ҲΣգҪնɱġ
Ժǰ͵ĳ˹Ļ棬͵Ķ˶ӡ
һҪٶȰҵҵ顣
˼ˣԣĻʾһŵͼͼиɫıעעڵĳС
Щ죬˸䣬֪˸ƽܵϢ
ƽܽԴоٰһᣬϷ
û֪ʶʲôС᡹ʲôСϷⲻ֪ӻǸо͹ˣȥԴоͶˡ
ӿ˽ŲʾǰҪˣ˴־ʹȥԴˡ
ǰһʱ䣬ԽһøߴľǰȻʣ̧ͷɼ£ճһƬãóɭҶӦۣĽһƬʪأϳЩӲݣϡϡһƬӲһխС·˳·ǰߣûãͿһĹ·
˿̣վڹ·ԡ
ǹ·еĲϣӲʯ飬̫ɹķ̣վ棬ֲܲķˣҲ޷Ӵˣʧȥ԰ڣֲ״̬˿֦Ҷ϶ήҵ´ˣŵ׵ļ·ϲŸܵ˰ġ
лҪӦ˺üקſƬҧ߳խС·пζ
һ߽Ӳڹ·ߣһ߲ԣ֮ǰѾΪѡԴݵ·˳ʽˣȷڸϹ޷ԭصȴǳͼʾóصȥ
ûãһɳͣǰСһ˳ţһۿľǰһĻĻʾšӭ˼ʻ
̧ţ˲ȳĵ̺ǳȻûнӴӲӲĹ·öˡ
˳пȪˮˮ˵̺ϣ̺ʪصĴЩˡ
ȥӱȵ̺ҪһȥԶϣռɨĻϵĶά룬ĻԽӣһĻԶ˵ͼĿĵΪԴС
ȷĿĵغ󣬳Զʻ
ٷǳĿ죬ߵķ羰ڷٵţҶһʼЩţӦƬ̺󣬲Žķӡ
ԭ·ٶҪü·̣Ȼ͵ˡ
ĵطڣǳԱеȫߵ࣬Ҫɱֵࡣ
ҶЩţ˽ָڣûм³
죬ڵ͸ϵԴУҲڵƽܾھٰ졸᡹صǡ
ԣȷ˼ĵص㣬ָڷɣٴ˵ͼֱóԶʻȥ
ڽӽĿĵصλãͻȻͣԶʻĻʾŴĺɫ̾ţ·һС֡ǰֹͨУ벽ǰ
ҶüŵͼͼʾԼ׾͵ĿĵˣΣֻ³ոڳϲûв˿³ŷ֣ǰȫˡ
䱸Ķǰߣһ·ŷＸŮŮûеĹǿҶ΢˿
һ·ȴǰ·ȫסˣĿɨ⣬ִ￪ʼߵĽֵϻվһЩǿ׳ƷˣҶͨļ֪Щά򱣻ڰȫֵһˣ˶˵ܰȫǱ˵Σա
СĵĿ˼ۣջߣϨԱԽȥ˼Լ͵ĻȺУĬͨȺǰߡ
Ⱥʵ̫ӵҶ˼ǰ߶ûгɹռж˵Ҳһá
קſƬյüͻȻһ£ҶӲӣʹһŮȵ
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ΪŮΧüŮҶҶзۡĺ壬üעţŵĶʼðˡ
һŮɨҶĵɽԼŵĽţɻü԰ɣ㿴ɽ𣿻ûЬⲻʲôWSаɡ
Ůһ˵꣬ҶΧ˶Զ
Ҷ㵵գۣ䱸ΪWSƺиֻǰwsУǱ֡
WS֪ģļⲻʲôôʣصĻᱻץ߹ΪWSС
æֽ˵Ҳǣƽܵġ
קſƬĿİͰ͵˵ƽҡ
˶٣Ӷȥתĳƺ˵Ҷӡ
Χһ˲ǸŮͻȻǰסı䣬Χ˵ɽôɾģЬӱˣʲôWSУⲻǸз𣿻Ǹַۣˣۡ
ǸŮűקŵĿƬΧ˿Χ˿۾ȻƽܵױǩҵѽƽΨһһǩǵһ ϷĻзѽǸϷۣ 
ŮĬϵʼ磬ѿƬ˶ſƬһҶ
ΧͻȻһӵҶĶһӦԮֻҪƽǾһˡ
һһˣ಻һˡ
ҶЩ£ǸֵŮЦҲһƣɵˣȥǰƣƽܿˡ
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ȻûһᣬȺӿܵʲô̼˶ʼǰҶŮˣǰԭֻӵȺʼһüУ
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һŻϲֵܲĵ⡣
ͷתĿ򱻶ɨΧ˵飬һڴϲ
ˣǸȥҲֳ棬Ҳӳʱ̡ͬôˣôϲһ档
ܻӭĳ棬Ҷ鸴ã
̬Լ棬˵Ӿǵͬ࣬ôϲʵ⡭
ңһ飬ȥļе֪Щ˰Ǹȥϲӣ֪ôϢȴ㲻ʶһ㲻ʶȴϲ
Ѷ
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ͻȻһŮѹеڿռ죬Ҷͫһ˲
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Ȼкܶ˺飬򲻹ԷԼĺĻᱻߣй涨ģǿ˼ҵĺӣЩĹ涨Ͳƽܣ֪˵ԼӣҶﻹһˬ
УҪñ֪Լаְְģǣ
Ҳ֪Ⱥ嵽ǰ棬þȫĺƽܣְְ㣡
쳤֣еĵƴǰ죬˾ͷŴϢ̧ͷ
Χ֪ʱȫĵƵסһˣ˳ŵ󿴡
޳ɫ鷢иԵţྫ£䣬һ΢΢Ź⣬һ˫ǳɫͫ˿΢ţԼ
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¶鹹ѽʵѽһжΪֺͷɣʵ׷ҪǵӴо


3 Ҫ
ĿԣҶôдϹϵϸܵиУиоͺںܾ֮ǰһģͻᱻ˴ҶĶͣиһֱڽûģӣӡ
ӶղסˣӴл䣬ָƱĳһƺʲôťͻȻз˺ö΢͵СյСյڿ˼֡ƽܣҰ㣡һ͵ͼ
Χյգ壬һС˸źƽܣǰ㡣
Ҷ˲Щһ̿ʼֻˣǧҪ˵ȴʲô˵
ͷϵĸƣÿü΢΢Ƭ̺عһСӵ΢΢һ
Ҷŵָڻȴͣǰǰ˸ղƵݸ
ҶܵĽ£һӹӵżֵĻĵ٩ҵܻܵࡣ
˵ţ̧һֻ֣ҶͷһҶĶ̷  
ҶסȴǰֱԽǰȥ
ҪǰԱƷıȴסˣǶɷĺҶʲô£Χߡ
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Ҫӽ
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ŮµĴһҶű˵ɣƱÿɲġ
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ҶһСӣСӾǸղźƽܣǰȺˣﶼӦԮ˿̺Ůһƺڵ𰸡
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Է϶ɫϸС֦ϵ·ٵĵɱһ㣬ϸС֦ٽ֮
֦ѻڷ϶ٵţϤϤڰΪԡ
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СĿŸƿǲ㱡һϸСķ׵ĸȥ׵ķøͰɫǽڸ߶غϣԶͷ·һġ
һȣ߶Ƿ䣬ǽŵģյȺܰûϢ
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ȵϷͷͷҲҶյ֪ʶʶģǶ׽ӰûҲܱ෢֡
ðⶫˣܷĵĳȥ
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󣬸ٵĻգֲӷ϶˳ΪΣٵĴǰȥ
ͷ˹ܵģͷֹͣܿطͻˣڴ֮ǰ뿪
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ҶһĽݣ룬תݵ·ȥ˫˫Żû֦ڽݵ·ӽ·ĬĬŲһ¥ӽ·ȥСĵöͷ¥˽ȥٵö㵽˹սǴ
⴦ͷäСĶţ߿ȥ¥ĽṹǸһ¥һģһȺķ䣬䶼ŵģ֪ƽĸ䣬ƻһͷȥѰѰ
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æջ֦˲ء
ŮˣͷߵǸǿλԵҪһЩ˺ܹɵĸо
ƽϢϢ˵ﲻ
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ǿƵŮ˰˰֣ˣҲЩ˵Ҫ˯СʱСʱȥȸȥμϣһСʱҪʼˡ
˱˵ű뿪ҶŶ˿Ӱжͷ˳Ů֮ǰ·Ѱ
ղǶ˵ĶԻƽϢңǻǸմƽϢǱ߹˳ǵ·ѰϢҾûˣܿ죬ҶϢҵķ䣬һǷ䣬Ҷ͸о˲ԣӵϢ̫Ũˡ
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ȫѷŶ


4 һᱣ
ѹӢ̬ˣϢǻģǻԭҲСĲסϢŨҵľͺҰ˼ɵʱ򡭡
ᰡҲܲϢİǲǳ˿Ʋס
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ǡƽ֮ǰ˵ҪԼʱģں񣬶һǰ޵ëί̬ȫüĿرļᶨᶨľӲɽΪڵһеı꣬˾İƽ
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10 ֡ϡ
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12 ̽ࡾϡ
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ЩֵƬЩǿĺܽƬЩһ뿪ıӰ˫ոԲͬΨһͬƬǺܹ֮ϵ
ƽüͷҶȴŻ
ۣˡʣҶٴγռá
ݼƤһ۾ȥҶȴû⣬սԵĻƺΪϲЩƬһգգĶƬʣЩԴ𣿡
ݼƤøˣüģ˵Ի·ô£
ݼ㲻𣬿ƽܣô
ƽԶ˶٣˼Ƭͬĵ˵ͷ˵ռȷʵ
ݼ۾˼֣Ķƽܡ
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СȾĽŲûе
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ƽĿ΢ݼѾŭ⣺Ҫŵģ
ƽԣ̧ۣĿⲻãǾЩȥˡ
ݼŭĹվ˵ɣȥЩƬҪô˿˽²ԼʲôԼ
ݼ㣡ۼŮԽ˵ԽᣬƽܴǰŮˣԱȻҶ
ݼҲſ˹ȥվһԣãıڴȺС¹վ˸ǹɵǸѵѧ
ݼ㵽ڵıͻˣҧתͷ
ҶȻȥƽܿҶ˵
ҶЩԸƽܵĿǲݾܾĲ鲻ԸġŶһš


14 βӵľ
ճžݼٴδ
ôãģɱˣ粻̸ģңǰϢңǼߣҪҧһںܼ򵥡
ݼ㣡ƽܵĲãôҲǵĹϵôͲǵҪɷҵļߣǲĵһЩֻͨϵ
ͨϵ
ҶŵĶһ٣ָڿ۽Ű֣Ĵš
⣬šҶһУ䣬໳̶ƵģƽĽǶƽܲǸӣǵĹϵҲ޷֮ڡ
Ȼ֪ˣƽܲŻݼ˵ֻǺϵҶﻹЩ
ܵĹϵˣǿ˵ֻͨϵΪʲô˽£ƽҲûж׽Լӣʱʱһ
ңҲְ֣Աһֱ˵Լְ֣ҲֻҶ
ǲǻûкܽԼ
Ҷ뿪˾顣
һ뿪ûԽӼҵ
ϵݼ·ЦˣǴӦɷãĳѶλ𲽵ģǮ𣿻Ǹʲôˣʲôûƽһβɷãк
˶٣ݼɫŹ֣Ŷˣˣֺ𣿡
ƽɫԽصķ£ǲǾҾίˣȻǺþۺɢ
ݼһ㶣̶Щҡ
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ƽܷüģҪ˵ٴΣǲǣ
˵꣬ƽԽӵĲͣ˻֣ˣ͵ǰɣҲҵ˽£㲻ҪٹˣֳҺҶĴţ˾ڻԼæѹ£Ǯҳ浽µ죬һ˵ţǣ˾棬˾ʲôʧҶ⣬У
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Ҷص˱ԽԽܣܾԼӵĹϵûдﵽܵĽ׶ΣְֶС
ԼӦҪЩʲô˴˹ϵģǡҪôأ
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Ҷˣ˭˵ǼϵǼܽһš
ŶòԼ
ƽһḻ̌ɳ޾ɵˡ
ǰͷҶŻ˹ʣСܣ
ƽüͷ΢ʲôأһ˶֪
Ϊѵüƺ֪ô˵ƽҲ֪С˼ϾǸ壬޼ġ
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ƬҶҶյƬϲüң˼ȫƬȥˡ
ƽܼչüĿ΢΢ۣСϲĺú塣
תسʳȴСϲ񲢲ЩʳַŻȥһЩ
͵ʱҶһߣjio·˸chaգƽ˹ĳͣǹĻ棬ȴ쳣ĺг
Ҷһֱƽߴߴ˵ԼļźЩƬĴʽƽѵӣĬĬţֱ˯ʱ䣬ҶԼ䣬ﻹߴߴ죬ƽ䣬һ
Сϲĳſյӣһξüžļ˿
Ҷصȴȫ˯ţոһ˵ƽܴ󲿷ֶֻţشĲ࣬ÿζ˵ö࣬жˣȴûиôôġ
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Ҷںڰ׽ʣüͷʲô
Ҷлгȥҡĸо
߰˰ˣͷˣҶҲûƳȻмǿģů顣
˼ˣҶ뷨


16 аְˣ
ڶ죬ƽʱҶˣƺԶö硣
һһƹ죬βڿڳ֪ܻŪʲôԻһֱ졣
ȥȴҶŲãƽܱȥϴߵϴ̨ȴԼˢѾ࣬ˮҲźˡ
ƽһ㶣ͷһ۳æµӰһһ䣺¡
ȴ̲סĹ
ϴϰڿԺӵĵطһɹ̫߹ȥȴѾںλãǸպλãԱߵĲ輸ϻһˮҲһСͷƺڵȴ٣üüĿˡ
ܵһᣬҶˣһϣкȥ
ƽܿɫƺ˹ȥһڡ
Ŀζ鲼ǻƽܼѵȥһ̧ͷȴö˶ڴ峺ۡ
ôôóСܡ
ƽһͿζȫҲһˡ
ûлش𣬾УԻ˹Ҷɻƽ˿̻ôܻʳ
ǼĻʵܻƽϰԼԼչԼˣûûЩڡ
ҶģԸԻˡ
ҲǷʳЩС飬ƽŶһ˿Ϊ׼Ҳ
ҶƽܵĶѧ˵ͬʱҲ֪ƽܵĻش
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Ҷ˵ţ峺ͫȫίƽֱܸаɲǼ˵Ļѿڶˣûе£̶ֲֻﲻãٽȥĵû£鷳ˡ
Ҷ۾ƽûм棬Щʧ䣬ƽɫһ¶һ˲ӣǿһʵڳԲˣѳƱˣ֮󼪡
ԺƽܷԼ˷츲صı仯
ÿ粻ҪСȾˣҶ׼ʱŻϻȥǺˣܻһյƵȥԼ˻Ա߶֣вĵʱܻԪĳԼߣ˿ž
Сϲ񲻳ʳһòͣʱ򻹻һԺﻯ룬Ժһɹ̫¹ԡЩµƽ붼ġ
ûܵڣ˵ߡ
ͬʱԼֲЩ仯ø׳ˣ̬Ҷָ¸ȶˣͷʱʱĲʧˡ
ƽܺڵӡ
죬ƽܺҶһͥԺ¹ԡҶƽ飬˶յ̲סˣսƽܣССĿ˿ڣСܣô
ƽ΢ۣȫʷ״̬ѵõĿһܺð
жãǲǸһãҶʡ
źߡƽһشȻû˼⡣
Ҷһϲֳƽܵߣֱ˷˵ԽҰְ𣿣
򣿡ƽһ㶣ۣǰ˾ԼϷֳߣȦķΧڡ
Ķǻһǿ׳һЩͻѹȸУСϲСܵڸ˵𸸱˿̵ԼһСܵܡ
΢Ҫ˵ǳɫͫҶۡ
һźƽòȺҶҲ˫ȴÿÿע
ƽܺ˴ԺʱҶΪ˵ǵܵܣԼûкúóǮǸ٣Ҳţʵõò࣬żȻҲΪԼģչԼΪһΪңԼֲ仯ԼǴƮӡ
ƽ򴽣һ·˱ȴӬְ֡
ҶúСһСǻӴսƽܣСܣ㡣
˵꣬Դͱһѣĺܴ̱˵ϣҶűҵͷ˭֪ƽȴΪĲٴο˵ŨŨĿߣʿɶֹ
Ҷ첻ˣһԼԼˡ
ˣСôǺˣҶϲֲǰСܣһش𣿡
ƽһ㶣üͷôᵽشˣ˵ʱӦ𣿡
Ҷ˵㲻ǽҰְǱ֣㶼ˣ൱ӦԼѽѾӦݣ֮ģҪӦҲûشӦѽ
ƽܶסˣһʱ仹˵Ļ
ʹ˴ӦԲܡ
ڵ־ᡣ
Ҳ֪Ȱס֡


17 ޷͵šϡ
ƽܾʵСϡ־˸˸Ƿ˵ҹˣЩǸ̸ȥ˯ˡ
ǲǷŲǸ磿
ƽԣŲһ٣عͷҶɫĿ£ƺô֪Լһ¡
Ҷһ㶣Ӻþò¶ɫˣЩ㡭˵飬ѡ
ѳ˵ƽ޸ĸһغĸ磬ƽԼӾ;ܸλѪԵϵܿǼܰôôãλ粻ʲü֪ضƽǼõġ
ƽܼԼߣ֮ǰΪӦԼݣҲ׽ڶѾԸְˣԼֵҲˣȴǲԸߣҶ뵽Ҳ׽ˣ뿪᲻ˡ
ûʲôϵƽ˼֣ĺ
ͳӣɲ˵ǰûϵ
ӹȻǡ
ҶһƬ
ƺƳҶ˼ƽֳ˼룬죬Ͼ˶٣ƽܵ˵ںʱҾ뿪ˡ
Ҷһ٣գգۣƽܵ˼Ϊ̬ĲȶǰΪ˲¶ľͺλֿˣ˽գֵͬİ·
ȻǶӦøİһŶԣᵽλ磬ƽܷӦȴƺԹ
Ҷģȴƽٴο˿ڣʵ˵ܶˣһֱûϣҾסĺܺãҲΪȴֺҲŲشֵġ
⡭
ȷʵʱҲƹƽܶܶϲĵط඼ûдɱɱʳԶȱʲôԳԵõĴĶõģסĵطڷ꣬ȴֲ֪öٱ
ѹӢ֣ǲطġ
ҶſȰƽȴƺȿ˿˵һйȻطˣ˯
˵ţҶش𣬿ٵĻ˷˷š
Ҷָ΢΢顣
Ҫ˯ҪġƽԲ̸ȥˡ
ҶЩʧ䣬ĻصԼ
ƽܱţŲԶ˿ǷңԣݼϢҪϹ˾ҥġ
ʱ䣬ʵƽСϲչԼůСϲÿ컻Żĳ֣˾ѹ࣬һ©˳ȥ
֮ǰ©ȥĶֱ϶ѣ˾ѹһѹûˡ
ȥץǶȵƬЩƬڶ̶ʱڣǼ˲˾ѹѾѹסˡ
ƽܵ㿪ݼӣǰǵš
ƽܴСϷ
ƽСͬʵ
ӰƽܾȻͬСòƽ
һ·ȫƵı⣬ȥȫǲ²⣬ǲ²ԼСϲǷϵ
Щ˻Сϲ˵ʲôġ
ԽƽܵüͷԽɫҲԽѿгݼ¼
ݼڹ˾ҪҥԼժɾ
ʲôժɾ
ƽܿ⻰ͲСϲûʲôƬҲҽǶȵĶѡ
ϢҥЩŶʧ
ɲЩСϲ񿴼
ݼܿϢֻҪҥ߾ͺðˡ
˱֤ƽԼǼ˺ȥҥŹɻ˴ϡ
˾Щ£СϲݣԼСϲβҪشֵĸա
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ڶ죬ѵõģҶʱƽѾˡ
ҶЩɥȥ°˱Ƶ̫ò׵ȵ磬ƽͲˣѾᳵ·ˣһֱƽܵϢȥ
ϢҲûˣˣ֪ƽ뿪˾飬Cᡣ
ǸطҲ֪Ͳȥǵطȥˡ
һ·ֱңߵſڣӵ
ƺкܶ࣬ݼ
Ǽܣ¼Ϊз˿ĵƬЩƬѾ˳ȥǼ˾֪˾ԭƽܳҥŶٳȶ棬¾͹˵ģƽܵıҥ
ݼŨŨĲ˵ƽܱҥݡ
ݼ䣬氲˺ܾãҶսŷ͵һĻĻϷŽͼ
@-ҶҺãѾӦҶĲɷãմ㵽ƬʵҸҶֲ̽ɷø壬Ƚ
ɷø塭ƽһʼ˵˴ӦɷãǲǴߵĽ֮Ƕ˶û£ңֲҶҪǲɷø塣
Ҷͷݼ˵ҥûãΪƽܴܲɷõģͻȻܲɷãż߸˵ģŸˣ˷˿ԷΪиֵƶѾ˹˾ȫѹѹȥľ档
ݼ˵꣬ˣҶŷֳƽܺݼԼаΧڻǰЩ˸ɫ࣬һڴ˿վ
Щ칫˾ΪƽܴѹţеǮʣ޼滨ǮѹƬҲˡ
˵꣬Ҳˣһʱû˿ڣƬ̺λ˲Ż˿ڡ
ƽܣ´зִ磬ֳһ¡
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⻰һڳɫá
л˵
лӵĵ-ллϹ


18 ʮ¡޷͵š¡
ĥƬֳ̺ڸ⣬㲻ʵǣô
ݼҲһ䣺ƽܣ㲻Ҫˣ󷽷ĸǾһˣҲ֪ôӦԣŲſʼѹ̫ˡ
ƽü˵Ҹһûе𣿡
ڳԣɫŹ֣ûһ˳˵
ƽЦһվûʲô˵ˣǴһʼҲţǾͰͬӵһӦ԰ɣҾסҼ
⻰һɫ죬ݼվƽܣġ
ƽǲˣݼĻ˵͵ɣûʲô£Ȼؾ顭
˵ţţȴײ͵Ҷƽһ㶣ҲҶüͷ
ݼɫĳҶ˵͵ΥǼʷģ㲻֪𣿡
ƽԣҶתͷݼ˵ûôأ
ݼɫѿ˼֡
λӼ״վƽܣ˵Ҳǲɣ͹ʱʲô㻹ǵðɡ
ƽüͷɫ˵зִ磬²Ҫ
̯֣ˣֵǼ˾֪ѾˣҸ˵ô̸ɡ
ƽɫһ䣬Ҷ볷ʲôʱ򵽣
Ѿˡһº͵ƽһͷ
һɫ̷վ⣬һԲν߿۾һӢ磬ͫǳɫģϴЦЦȴȾ۵ףʱʱ¶еľ
ơơݣݼ㵵ĳŲŵľȡ
ƽܵظ羹ȻݣǼʵ׸ȫǼ˶֪һɹʿ鲼Ǽķ棬˵ÿһʲôɶպüڵǼʱңֻҪ룬۹
˱ȫǼᡢ˧ܲãΪʿƷϼѣһЦÿÿ˿崺磬׷߱鲼Ǽʵÿһ䡣
ΨһвĴԼߵŮδٹȻŮ鳣һֱǵ
ݼ֪ƽܵĸͷСû뵽󡭡ǹ˾ȻһƽȫԼѡһҸõĹ˾
Ҷƽʱתͷһðĵݼ͸ղŻȴȫסнˣָڡ
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ôЩ˿綼ôһϹϾӡ
һֱλӶææ϶òЦǸ֣ܣãþò
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½Цϣι˾ʵʵޣҪԳˡ
˺ѣƽܳûûȺлûע⵽Ҷĵ˵ԼҶ˱ƽܵסֻͷӵĸ硣
ʱҲعǰѣݼҲǰ·ҶʱһۣϷʣЩͬ顣
֪ΪʲôƽܴӲˣҲ֪Ϊʲôƽܵĸ粻̸ˣҪ׸ţɲϽô
ƽܴҪһ᲻ãҶ
ݼƽܰ˲صúãϷһܣãŵСҲء
ԣһ˲ݵƳݼһۣƽܵϣƽֳҶһѣ̽ͷĵƶƲ
򴽣ϴЦʲôǰһƽȴٴһҲŴǰһסݵĲĲ鲻ԸĽһ硣
ݶºʹЦıľһˣģǶƽܱҶ˵ģҶ𣿡
Ҷԣƽܱ߳ȴ˽İҶᳶ˳ƽܵ䣬ŰûµģСܡ
ƽܽüͷȴ΢˽ŲԵò죬ܵܿɴûΪһ仰òġ
ԴȤƽվˣˣͫٿʱһ¡
ˡȻòƽĶȺҶҲϵϢ
Цһ˿ѣݼ˴ǣϷԽӵˡ
ưɣܾܵΪôһͨ˼ֳô۶ӻһǧѹȥ
ԭֲðݰ۾ժ˲̾Ϣ
ٰ۾˻ȥҶǰͻ֣صĵϥҶǰҶ֣żСҺСڵȵˡ
ƽ&Ҷ
ˣ
ݼ
л˵
2100ѽ


19 ʮ¡2
ɶ⣿СǳƣƣҶƽйϵйϵ𣿣ݼҡ
磡ڸʲôƽǰҶˣҶֱ˵ƽܵߣµġ
ղȷʵ˺Ҫְ֣ƽϵģ
ԣƽܺĹϵֻǶ֪
ѵλҲԼӣ
ҶϸӦӵϢ
ݿŶ˲ģվЩˡ
½ϵЦҲҲסˣǰһܣ⡭
ԻͷһָֻۣЦݵʿģиɻ»ֻǻ˼ȴ½ͨ绰ʱתˣ½ܣⲻǣ⳥еҶ
˶٣˼֣ϵõģȴǶ˻ȥˣƽǱ鷳һˡ
½һ㶣Ĵ󾪣Ӧȴ죬æӦû£û£æ
꣬ߵƽܶǰ߰ɣȻؼҡ
˶һۣҶȸˡ
һֱֱ˸ĵڶйأеڶӵϢκ¶Ҫ˷ܡ
ƽһû˾͸ˣһæȥ
۾СҶЦһСȻͬеɰ
˻صƽܵıһصݾȲƵҶĸǰһղǰĵϥҶǰ滽С
ȻĻҶϵϢٿʱһ䣬ֵĶе
ҶָϢϴǡ
Ļס˵֣ҵӡ
šݴ󷽷ĵͷͷĲ˲ҶֱȵŰѹסĻϲСڼˡ
Ҷͷ˴ȰƬ̺󣬻ϲЪǻɻ͸ͷ
ǰˣ
Ϊʲô֮ǰϢӦأ
ΪʲôС֪ܲԼĸҲأ
Сô£
ո˵ң֪һ˼

ɻ䣬һʱ䣬Ҷ֪һתǧأľ֮ǰСʱͷһ
Ϊʲôأ
Ҫֵ๲ңƺСܻã
ֱ̧ۿҶͼɻӣҲԼ֪ǰ˶Щʲô
Цһ˿ڣСģƽҲѿ̬ڴҵġ
򣿡Ҷ㵡
˵ǻԵɺϡ
Եɺϣ
Ҷ΢ʲôĻԵԼӴӴֳأ
Ҫ֪ǸʱΣյȻǳ֣ͱƲѹӢ־㲢ûвͱ˼ֻҪΪ־ͻᱻӣҧ̾Ǹӣڻǵǳ޵
˰ȻȥˣѱһgҲһ˿޹ֵĺۼǱϾ޵а㵱ûʶڵһδǸǵĻͿжķΪλ
ҶſҪʣȴһ˿ڣЩ飬лᣬһٸСһһ˵ġ
Ҷһ٣ôһ˵ǲˡ
һֲ꣬ޱӵ˼ҶĬĬԼǻɻ
СԲ𡣡
֮ʣԴĵǸҶգգۣɻĿݡ
˿һ㿪ڣʵҶǰѾ̬ɹˣֻʱڳ˯ûڵӣҺƽ̬ܵûȶΪȶֻ̬жϵϢԴﵽȫά̬Ҳˣʧȥ˺Ҳ޷ҵ
ԭֲոոܲӵϢֲ޷ϵӡ
Ҷͷ΢ɣ֪ӲжϸϵͷˣǻΪڹҪֲˡ
ƽܣʲô֪ƽôã治ԣʵĺҲˣڿݣҶŵķˣ֪ԼǱֲ֣Ҳܵһϳ
οţҶСҺƽûеһʱȥ𣿡
Ҷԣæҡͷ
ȶְֲ̬ûλֻܳ²ѿ̬
ôӣӶ
֪˵̬ɻȶ
Ҷָ飬սݣƳҶ뵣ǣüĿ΢˵ûˣ̬ȶˣοڻСˡ
ֲ޾ʶĸǾϣЩ;϶ά̬˵׾ٵġ
ƽһԣһпһУĿɿڴԭôһ˳ģ
ص㲻ƽԣһʼ֪ԼѹӢ֣֪Ҳǣ
Ϊʲô˴Լ̫Լԭ֪Լݣ
ݻӦƽһ˵ͷ˼ȫȻҶϡ
л˵
ҵḺ́˽ֳһgˣȻ˻ûOTL
лӵĵףôôôաо


20 
Ҷ˵СȻжӣҲûȥʲôûֲ֪ͨĴЩ꣬ҵ֪ҪѣƽܽȦȦǼȫ඼֪
˶٣Ҷ˾ΥϲãһֱڵС֪СһҺСܣѾ鲼ǼʸˣСܻ˵ģ˾ܻ֪ƽܣֻҪС֪ƽܣһҹǾžˡ
ԭҶȡ
ֲС̬ܵһ㶼ΣȦҪ۵⣬ʵΪȷʵһʱע⵽ƽܡ
ûϵ֮ǰ취ȷʵá
Ӻôѽ
Ҷ㶵ģƽҲ˺һᣬӲ֪ȦΪΪΪδΪʵıϾ׸ĵܵȻ̫
ƽ⸴ӣʶԼʲô֪ĸȴʲô֪һ˲Ļðɣ߬ԼƣԼҪһȭȥĳ嶯ΪʲôЩң
ΪԼǸ࣡һֱȺǰˣһУҪҶ飬ڻǹµһ
ԣüͷڴҶϳŵƽܵϣͳ䵭ࣺԷļļû𣿡
򣿡ƽɻգۣȻôһ¡
ձҵؼң˾͸һݽyuȦĹܹ˵һѹأоͰֹ
ڲ֪Լֵ֮ǰ޸ĸʶλֳģλֳΨһˣֻΨһƽʱæ˵㣬˵㣬һΣλֳĪܹ˵ôһѵĻʱΪ˲Ʒڽôˣ֮£ĶûȫɾˣǴκδعңҲδϵ
ƽƲͷ
ٷ˵ţ˶٣뵽ʲôƽܣһ̬ȣһҵˣɾˣǷݼļ
ƽܱĲһüͷôô꣬Ҳûҹǣ
λֳͲҪ
ƽӭݵĿ⣬һ΢ͷ۵״żּǰֻǰɾˣǶԼиܵˣôҪһݼļ͸ˡ
QBģƽȻӲ˵㣬Ǽõģƽʱ˵ģҶԶƽܼۣȴ̬߰´˼ִľǿ
򣿡Ҷ΢һ٣֮ǰƽ̸ʱɫ
ƽܶǡ
Ҷܾƽе㲻Ծû벻ȻͼԼǰݷſԼվɫǳѿһº͵ˣ˴ЦǺľһ곤ʦߣ˿̤궯ĲҪȥѵһСĿλСǶվŲƽܡ
Ҷһ㶣æݣݽŲһ٣Ҷ
ݵƸղĳϢҶָڶ˿̣ǰӲֲĴִһζǰҶ˿һԼһݡ
Ҷʵ֪ҪʲôֱݸСܶϣ᲻ãססҪ˵ʲôʲôûġ
ֻϣӶúõģ룬˵ݣʵСЩĺġ
ԣ򴽣̬ûȥ٣Ҷ˵һֱµģʲô¶Լţʱ̬ȶ㶼֪ͱ¶ˡ
˵Ҷͺ¡
̬¶۵ײ˿ƽܣƽܡһѿƲһ˵Щʲô
üͷˣôҪΨһĸ硣
üģÿû¡
ܱܵŤֽͷǶΨһĸ硣
˼ˣ˿ĺ˳ȵͷˣΪ뿴Щļ
ļ˵ݣнôջȶ̬ģôסϢܵҲˣҲԼչԼˣ˻㱨Ĺ⣬ûжӸ棬ܵɾҲصԭδҪӻ
ֱܹܵ©˳δĵܵһֱȴС
Ҷݱ
ƽͷ΢Լˣȷ
Ȼ̧ͷͼȫٴҶϡ
ƽ鸴ӣһʱ侹֪ռְ֣Ǹۺְռ˸ע
˦˦ڶǰɫ鷢Ʋͷûнӻ
ˣľ飬Ҳãû˼ְҲû˼ְռ˶ãɡ
ƽͷݿɲ֪´Ҷһᣬܾǰֲ̬̫⣬˶٣ʣСⲻԭ̬ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷޱĻΡ
л˵
໡лĵס


21 ƽܵϣ
һλɫ꣬õͬ飬ǳɫͫȴžĶǵƤļ͸޵ò鶯̬һ󴳷ʹ
¶ޣƽݵģмһ˿˵Լһοģʱľ̬
СȻ϶һ޶ġ
Ҷƽܾ⻰лԾһۣȴֻƼ۵Ҷ
⻨յӡǿȥƽܷ˸ۣȵת˸
ҶƼԼô׽ԼǸˣһݵǰ˵ҲǣǶһ޶ġ
˵꣬ûҶģС˵ܱԭ̬̫ãҪԡҶģΪ
Ҷģ
΢һתˣҲܵļ졣
СͻһЩӲܣǴҲʲô¡
ΪСеҶ񶼴硣
ͬĵ˵ͷ˵ƽ˵ĶԣС̬ǰҪ˿
Ҷͷ̧ȥݣԽǰӹ죬˼ûסüݣ̬
֪Ҷʲô˵ҽ̬΢һ£ɫȾġ
˵ţժ۾ȡۣͫ˫ͬƽһǳɫģ㷢ɫûбأժ۾ͫҲԳ˼ֲͬ
ҶһЩʵУǰԼӶһˡ
лϲ˵һƽһݳ̫ˣҿ԰ش֡
ش֣
УƽܷԷ񶨳ҶüСܣ㻹ҪӦʲôʱ򰡣Ĳסġ
ԣһɫΪѵƽܣȻˡ
С⣬ΪѹӢֳֻռ̵ֵɱû뵽ˣҲЩ顣
۴磬Цһ˵شҲС
ƽܴ㵵ۣͬĻ磡
Цƽܣ΢Цģһֻƻĺ꣬ƽܽҪĻסˣȻܾòסһˣСʱҲ׽թСʱҪƭôģҪƭСϲ˰ɡ
ĬȻһ˵һ£ûкʵĴ֣ʱ򿪷Ϊ԰潨һпվ͹ȥȼ١
ȼ٣
Ҷƽܣƽܼ״˵ԣҾø취Уʱʲôʱȥʲôʱȥ
ҶüΪ԰ǴҲĵطɣ
ǾԼץסص㣬Ҷһϥ˵ʲôǲǶشˣ
ҶĹĵģƽƲۣЦһСûкƭء
Ҷˡ
Ҷ֣ˮһСʵкܶĲͬˣǰȫģܱƽܣǻ˴ҷû
򣿡ҶףʲôڴַУѲɴֻܱΣգ
Ӷôߵ
ƽᣬȴְȫ
Ҷ⣬˵Сڲûϵһȥסһʱܸܣ㣬֪ˡ
ȥס
ݵͷţһؼҡ
Ҷûƽȳιʲô˼ҪС
˶٣ƽܳ˵ְ֣߰
ԼҪߣŸոůСְҲҪߣ
ȻȻæϷûչС
УҲͬ⡣ƽܲ
üСԼѡ
ҶӶԼˣ㣬Ҫѡ϶Ըȥġ
˵ĸȥܸԼ˵ҪԼЩ£ĺ֪
Ҷ뿪ڣͻߴһΪݺݵ
ְ֣׼ߣ
ҶգգۣĿⶨһԳƽϡ
ղûĻƽܵģҶ۾Сܣ㲻𣿡
˭ˣƽܷ·𱻲βһըëٳ߲ߣ
üͷ΢壬ƽһۣС㡣
ƽܲмһûٸҶɫˡ
ƽܰڲɫҶӰ첻Ϊȫƽܵ
ǵǵģְ᲻㣡
ߣְ֣ң
ǵģְ֣Ҫ˵ʲôЩĵģҾӲµġ
°ɡְ֡
ƽܵ
ҶЩƽڽ˰Ը֪ӵλԼҪĻˡ
Ҷ̧ۿǰƽܣ˻һǷǮĸģϸԿǳɫͫ͵͵ԼźεĲᡭע۲ѹټǿķǵĻҪǽ治֪ƽô׽Լ
С߰ɣҺƽڵ۶иңкܶԼˣЩ˿չ㣬С԰סҶԥ֮ʣݳȰ
ҶĿݣſӦ£ȴֽ˺üһһһһݣҶ졣
ߣְ֡
Ҿһˡ
ңҪȥҲҪⲿ꣬Ƕ֮ˡ
ҴӦԣ
΢ʣҶľͬŴţһﴸŴŴģ¶˾ġ


22 ƽܵ£
վƽܵߣҡҡͷݣԸȥ˵ЩģСܻҪ飬Сܡ
ԣһºͣ鶼ûʲô仯
ҶĪľ飬ǷͺΪĸƫƽܺһæ˵ȥ۶ģֻʱ䡭
ܲܶººСܸһȥҲýһЩܲס
Ҷ˵־˵ˣδҵ˻ҪӷֿҲжʱˣҲ֪Ϊˣÿ˶Լ£ѹӢ⣬һʱʱʱ̿һ顣
ȻΪѹӢ֣ϰԶƫˡ
ҶЪǻû˵꣬Ҳ֪˼ŵֲʲô¶дϡ
۶ûܵܵͬСǲˣܵνӵϷƺҪ¡
Ҳ㳤
΢´˿Эðɣһᾡһסġ
Ҷϲ̧ۣƽ𾪵ݣҪһס
ɴ󳬺ˣѾкö겻סһ
ݵͷбȥܵܣһҲģԵԹˣôռС㣬ҴСĵط
ƽܲ뿪Ȱ衣
ݼ״ƽƮƮĲһ䣺ӿǳϲֲĵطӦ֪ɡ
ƽһ㶣Ʋͷ
ǵģӳϲֲĵط
ֲһˣΪЩ¶ʶһЩܾͽֳˡ
һЩΪһӻֲʱĸܣΪӵʱֲ괫ݸʱĻϲҲһЩֲɢԼòʱĲѹ
ֲһֲܸܵůУܸӰȫУǷ·˹κǮκηӶǵġ
ԼΪ뿪ֲ꣬ôܰһŸһӴֲߵȨ
ƽ򴽲ݼ״Ҷ˵Сңȥһ¡
ҶڿͬʱһסĿЦ𣺡ã
üĿ࣬Ĵš
ߺƽŤŤǰײҶ첲һ£ʣҿӺߵģôˣ
Ҷԣ˵ƽܻأССܣҸ㽨ˣ
򣿡ƽɻ
Ҷ˵ܸ֪λãܰҵֲ֮еӣ

ǲǸղԼȫ֪ˣԼ
ƽܴ㵣ȴҶ˷ܵǵŶҶ֪ˡ
ƽ˽Ӳˣղô˵¾Ȼ֪ˡ
ƽ৵һº͸ˣƮ
Ҷƫսɻ󣺡ôǶ˵أǺܺõ£
죡ƽһֱǰˡ
Ƭָ̺һЩƽűŤŤʣ֮һֱ𣿡
ⲻûʲô˽ˣ
˽Ҷ΢ͷƽܣͷءǡǽ˲̡
ȻǳӣעԼ˽ˣҶӣƵĻأǣԿƵģ봫ʲôȫԼƣ봫Ҳһ
˵ţҶʾһս죬ȫе΢ƽܽ
ƽܸܣŷ֣Լǰ˷ļһһͶܸ֪һЩ˼˼һʮ׼ȷҲа/ŷ֣Ƕϵÿ˵ܳͨĽѹӢȺƽЩҶһҪ׳Ⱥ˼ˡ
˭ӵһг˴֪ġﻥļ塭ӵįҲһݵֿ¼ĵ
ǰɣҲ÷ֳҪɡҶƽܵ⣬ϲÿڡ
ƽһ㶣æխϵͨҶϵֻĽϵˣԶֻҪܵĵطǾܽ
ƽû˵ҶƬ̣ûеȵƽܵĻشҲûеȵƽ֪ܵѧ˿ƣջȥˣֻܸܵƽܵλˣƲƲ˵Σ㶼Ҫֳģݶǡ
ƽЩӣȫ֪ΪԼǣǸΪ˰Ҳ˷ֳжֻ
ݵٶȺܿ죬˵ȥʰһ¾ֻʰһ£Ͱ˹
Ʒûö٣ڳһļ
ʱҶڸ˸ƽ͡
ͼҶڲ꣬æŶ˷ǵܾ̱ܵɳϣһүҪźģ΢΢üͷǰӹҶĻƣ˰˲ǰϣССҺƽУš
˵꣬ƳƽһۣôҪԷ𣿡


23 ͬס
ƽһ˹һP£꣬׼ԣֱһ£ƽüɫõĿվԱߵݣָ
Сȶꡣ˵
ƽüǹһ䳰Ļȣһ㶼˽ְ֡
򣿡üҶŷҶ֪һ˲£ݿæЦк˵ݣ԰Ȼ˾Ͳóˡ
˵꣬ǵĶ棬ԹԵЬ·jioû˸룬ķ϶ͬһʱ䣬˵ıرܣڳʳ
ʱҲ֣ҶõֻƽܵǰԼǰһ
ѵõƽܿϷҪȰְȶ𣿡
ûҶȳõңݣҲЩġ
Ƶˡ
ƽܵһμݳԱ̲סֳݹƽһۣſҶСֻ
šҶ㣺ѹӢ˵ˣƽܶԲߣȻá
Ⱦǿ˼֣Ҳ˼ɣʵʳҲܶӪֻҪõ
ֻǲѣΪʲôҪ䣬ֱӳ෽ѽӲ;ͰϽȥͺˡҶأµƿԡ
ƽЦսݣС˵磬ȱϯ̫ˣڰְ֣Ҹ˽⣬ְԸʳ˵ʲôûõġ
ƽܵƽĮЩһЩ̣Թſ⡣
ݵƽһۣû˼ڲˣСиʣס
Ҷݣ˵СȻˣ̬ˣҪһķʳ
Ҷһ㶣ϵĲˣֵͷ˿ԼԵ۾΢ʪ
ͷݣίԣҲܳ𣿡
ϸķ˿ԭ˳գͷĶϸ˿ſź۾ԼӾһȪ˿Ȫ˼̬ͨ˿ȴ鶯̬־޵ζǼֵľ޼¶ļֵίһͿͷ޾ϧ
ָ飬ӲĻô˵ڣƬ̣ŵ͵͵Ļһ䣺ܣСʲôôܣ
ҶԣɲǼίɢȥЦŵĻĿŻϢ
Ҫ֪˼ֽͬݶҪղģװġ
Σ̾˿Ჹһ䣺СΪҺƽܣҲŽʳ𣿡
ݸƽһûҪ뿪ᣬǣ뿪취С£˾ȥˡ
ȻҪȥ뾡ӦᣬСһֱԲʳܽܡ
һΪӣҶֱӣ˿ڣá
һϲһƽܣѵ¶һ˿ĵ⣬һӲҪݵҶߣǡ
Ҷſ棺ξˣɣڶ챥ˡ
ԲĶӣݵһεĶ˰С
ƽԱֳֻݿһת˷ŵƽܵԷ
ƽܱЦԣĳɿݵĽ丵ůϪ
˵˿̶׽Ҷݶòô׽뻶ˡ
Ϊսƽߡ
֮ǰ˵˵Ľ¼ĸֹôһ¼ɳеȱϯѳƽͷһ̣ÿʱÿ̶ĺ޶ԡ
ƺʲôһˣס˹ϦദѰֵһһϳԷһ˼ȴǱصСְ֡
ƽܸܵݹϵƱ
룬һֱСְ֣֮ǰЩҲǲԭ¡
׷һҪĳɾͣҪǮƣҪȨֻһסһ𣬺ͺġ
ƽ
ȻûƬ̣ƽܾԼˡ
ԹСְѰһ׼ϴþߣǻһԺ¹ԡСְֻ׼ҹȥ̴ϴˮ֮չ˵׵
죬Ҷÿһ£Ǹ͵һۣɱˣ˿ͱͱɷˡ
ֹСְֵĶռСְ֣첻ûչˣ¹ԡֻһˣ
ƽܲݣҲûõȥ
һֱصСڸƽ׼ϴþߣ׼ҹ̴ϴˮЩܸɣǼҲкܶӶ˱ķܸɣȻָʹС
ǵСɴû̹ƽܣ˲Т
ҶNҪΪƽ̴ʱݱˣҶ˯ųƽܺһɳϣƽܣ


24 
ƽܳ棬˵ͽͣ
ƽһһһأҹȥΪʲô㶼Ҫϡ
һ㶼֪üĸף
ôˣƽҶã
Ӧ˺𣿣
üﻹҳѹ£㶼ڼ㻹չ㣡
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Ҷűײ۵ԴˣɫñԼڵʵʵģϻһɫߣ˳촽۾нӴ⣬Ķ˰


25 /
ҶװЩϤȴûԵļ䡣
ǸˣԴӿһֱϣͺʶ
ӣȴƼͫһ˿ị̄ıǱֻǸࡣ
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ͷͨ죬۾ʪľӨ·һҪһ̬Ǿ⸱̬ȴ·ܱŷǿֻҪҪܼᶨĵǰ棬Ϊһǽǻǽڣİ
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26 ص۶
뿪ĳ䣬һӰ˳ϴ𾪣ʾſ¼
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ǣ˼µ΢һ
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ԣ΢ָָƵ˼ʲô
죬ӹԣƳʬһۣеģһƿȫֵ񣺡޷ɾ֮ȥϣԶԶǡҶ֪λþˣ̫
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һУ֣ת뿪˴֡
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ʻһĽֵͣһıǰ㣬һܴԺӣӾͣԺ
ڳͣµһ̣֮ǰЩ˾ȻųУǳ⣬һβܼģΪ˳š
ݸղ·ϣŵϹϾİϹЩ׳ۡ
ҶڵָߵǰǰΪ·
ҶǰͬкܶˣųУŮЩ˵ĴԵüҾ˺ܶ࣬СΧȹһЩ԰Ҳ׺Ͳ١
ӭүؼҡһţЩ˾ӭβĹܼΪȡһߵЬǰΪЬ
ݰ־ܾĻЬתùһԵЬݵҶǰܼҶǰΪЬ
ܼ΢ĿҶҶڵĺŲŶǰ˵ˣݣԼɡ
Ҳûǿ󣬰ЬҶǰ˵ݣתߣСǺȰ׿ˮ𣿡
šҶӦһ
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ӦòΪǸССੰɡ
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һ٣ɨС޼ۣھ˵Ҷ
ǳƿֻүܽУС޷Ӧ죺Ҷүá
ҶɵĻأС޺á


27 ۶ļ
Сޣȥ¥ϾͷǼ䷿ͨͨ磬ȻСҪסȥ
СԣۣȷĶһ飺Ƕ¥ͷǸ𣿡
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ȻţĴһ㶼٣ÿ춼Ҫɨÿһ飬ʲô΢˶ػ
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СүӰ˷ã棬һ۾Ͷˡ
Сһ㶣СүòѾܾûˣէһΡ
ڣרҵܿ췴Ӧ˹ƽܹĴкСүþò
һͨƵһĲСְֶδСޣƽҲ΢㣬кСްþò
ˡС޿˵ϸ˧ء
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С޷֪ƽɻʲôæ˵ǵģǼ䷿
ɫͫлһ˿Ȼԭˡ
ԭ䷿һֱΪְŵģڴһֱڵŰְء
ԭˣСүһ㶼ȵҲ֪үǶ䷿ѽ
ССܡ֮ʣСС˻ͼһӰһζ嵽Ӱǰ棺ʲôʱѽ
۾ģСү͸үһ͸¶Żϲ  
Сһ㶣ôС˸СүĹϵҲһ㡣
ţСүְ֡
ְ֣
Թֻþˣڵֳʲôµȵʻ㣬ûϳ


28 Ȧ
СңͿСүּųҪС˵ͷֻǰӰֻḧֹܣС˵Ŀķ·ǸٵСү
С̫𾪣ѹûϸ˵ĶԻֻԼһЩʲô߲ڻ˺͹˾Ҫ˵·ֻͷˡҲֿעⰲȫġ˵ˣ˱һʧƽȵȴʻ㡭
С޴Թһֻ֣ظһ仰ҴӦ㣬æͻһһס
СүҪˣ
ʹţԴСүȥûٻȻүСү˵һֱܼҵСޣֱ֪ŤԷϵʽûˡ
ھȻҪˣүСүعںˣ
Ϊ𾪣ҶƽܹͨѶС޶ûע⣬С˻ԼԼлġ
ԼǲĲȥݡ
СæͷҲɲǼԽԽҵ˼ʧλƵƮ˳ȥæȥһӣÿһ·ӶˣÿһܼҾߣÿһûеĸ߿ƼС޽ѯĳʳȴȫ᲻Ȥֱҡͷʾԡ
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Ժ
СָָҶǰ⿴ǺԺԺһܴĲƺһλŲñϲڲƺΧֲ䶯ʲô
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ӦҶүһԺˣ˺Ժһɣֱӹ˲ƺ룬Сһæǰ鿴壬̫Ĺһ£̱˵ϣȴ˵ģЦϲ·Ҫ˳
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С޴һһ໹С˹ҶѾԱˣװģڳʳС޳£Сֲû취ֻܳˡ
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貮ֲ֪ܶʶҶôչֲҶΪһѹӢУһ綼ڸһһֲｽˮʩʣСһԶò岻ȥ
Ҷү಻۵ĸ貮ɻСﲻɶøУǰĸүǰЩаŮȫһ
һĻҶҲˣװģĳһ㣬ͼҪݻݵС˵°ʱ䶼ûлҶŵţŲס˯ˣһֱСŽᱧͻķ䡣
ݻһʱȥСȴСڴ˯˯ôˣֻСһСյ
С޾ϸ˵һ֣صᣬҶүθڲãԵòࡣ
ԣ΢һ٣ֻС޲Ҫ棬ƣĻԼķ䡣
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ҶʱǵڶˣյԴһ𴲾ܳȥݣɼֻСޡ
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ȴ첻ӰҶûҪȥ⼸ȴҲ΢ⷿΧ˿ööıиܻһ֣ͬʱҲһ
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޽ĳޡһɵӷ
ˡɻӵĴޣҪΪһɵӿ֦ɢҶ
̣벻ܰ룡룡
Ǹɵӣǩº򵥵ĺܣдõĺ
Ȼڵһ˴ǩʧܺߵɵӷ޵ҧгݣ
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ô죿벻ˡɴҧɣð̹⣬ڴ£׺ݵĳɵӷȥһҧĲ
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29 
Сɫ⼸ʱ٣ܶʱһصӡͨ
Ҷүɫ ⼸ʱ٣ܶʱһصӡ
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֮ǰںԺܺ貮ĿĵģȴҲʼ޾
죬Ҷһ֮ǰݣ˯ˣĵԵ˸ӣ ڶݡ
ڶȷʵ˸磬 һЬûܳȥݣպ׼ŻЬݣ ҶɫţԵʱ䣬 㡣
Ҷˣ ˵Ĺ
ҲҶ һ۾ɨŵĽţ ΢ü ˹İ˫Ь˹ҶǰΪϣСҪЬ
ݵһ֮ǰǰ»⼸ĺӲڡ
Ҷһ㶣ĬΪЬݣĶȴ̬һǷЦⶼ֮ͬǰһģһ
ݡҶһ䣬Щͳ
վӦһ䣬ɻ󣺡ţ
ҶָڣϣǡþûһԷˣһ𣿡
΢㣬Цݼ˼̧֣ǰ˵ͷԵúܸҶһ㣬ȴǾܾģСҽ£ɣһԡ
˵ţùһԵĹİŤ˷ţҪˣСϼ
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ҶȥıӰͻȻУҲЩȻ֮ǰƽʱ򣬸ӦƽܶݵǲС
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ⲻĴǻԼҲǸӡԼĴԼ˯
ҶεĵͷֺɻӵΪʲôôææʲôܰæ꣬Ƿͻʱˣ
ڶûദô֪æЩʲôأİæҲ޴֡
Ҷ˼£һ죬Ҷûʲôֵ˼С޺貮ںԺʱҲԵĲɵġ
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貮˵Ҷߵ˱ĺߵһƫƧС䣬Сʻɫʻ涷ޣΪһֻɫĻɫҶһ˿ϲ
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Щļã˵֪˷˲ٵ˼貮ֲģҶüĿ貮ЦЦá
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Ҷס˰ǰֶסˣͷ貮Եίίģ貮˵æҪұȥ
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Ůһ㶣΢һЦ˵ˣʵ˵ǹ˾Ĺ涨ǲء
Ҷһ㶣ϽĻŮ˵Ҫȣſи䣬԰ѻȴء
ҶͷǴ䣬һӣʻ᲻ÿģҡ
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룬ǰ̨Ĺ̨϶ʲô˵鷳Ǽһ£Ұ飬ܵĹҪ
Ůһ˵ţһʾҶ׼һĻɨɨɨҶԱ߾ͳҶĹϢ
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30 
Ҫô鷳ҶΪѵҧ ͵ͳʣԤԼأ
ŮϵЦ˿ѣ۵ҲԳ˼ֲûлشҶ ֱһƳſûʲôµĻ鷳뿪Ҫǹ˾ء
򣿡Ҷһ㶣ܵŮӭ̬ȣ ĵЩί
Ը뿪 ŮԱߵ˴˸ɫǸǱŮҪһŮ״ ǰ̨˳Ҷǰ ƣ̬ǿӲࣺ뿪
ҶҧŮִŵʣôԤԼ
Ů͵˵ȥͬԼ绰ҲͨѶҲðݷҲ
Ů˵žͱԱߵŮһۣ Ů֪Լ˵˻ 첻˵ˣֳҶ˵һ뿪
Ҷһ㶣 ͨѶ
æԣݵϵʽ ˸ͨѶ
Ůһ㶣 ΪҶʶ˾ʲôˣ һʱҲûٸϣ û뵽 ҶͨѶһֱæУҶ۽ǶˣǶ˶һۣﶼЩˡ
ǰ̨ˡ
ŮҲˣüҶǰ뿪ҽбˡ
Ҷ۾΢죬ò鷳ٵȵȣæߡܿͨˡ
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΢һ㶣Ȼʲôɨǰ̨ŵıֱ壬˵´ҪԤԼֱӴҾǡ
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СݳҶ֡
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һ㶣һ䡸㡹ݼӲ˲޻ǵҲɢˣ̾˿Щ죬סô
Ҷԣ˾񣺡ͦõģԺ㣬֮ǰСС뿪˾ͺðöңˣҲûô£貮СޣС޶ر࣬貮öֲ
һ貮ҶͿЩ֣˳ָḧЩ꣬ɫĻ䣬кü㣬ÿһ껨궼ޱȣɫҶԵüΪޣ￴ǰһ
ԭݺġ
貮ȥʱҲˣϣЩܿͬϣݿĵͨǰһĻݸݡ
ոǸָЩ˵ᡭ
Ҷ΢٣ʣݣЩ𣿡
һ㶣ɫмӵָ˸Щ꣬Ϲº͵ЦûС
СĻô᣿ֻǱܵĶԻ񡭡


31 
ѿɹڴ֣ ƽܲһƽһչˣǻԼһˣ ¶ģֲͨ紫΢ѿѿ̬ǲܵģ һͨѹӢһ ȡӪɹܣ ǿ׳ֲꡣ
ǻѿڻһƬʲôС
ָ꣬ ·˹üĿһ㺮˪䵭ջ֣Щ΢΢ĸпֻǣС  źÿʵֲͣ ԽͼȡӪĻֲ꣬ĻԽޡ
ѿ ڻЩֲ֣ ÿÿǣ ҪҲڵ
Խã õӪԽ١
ǲһرõļ䡣
ݰ ϷƮݣˡ
ܵͷ˶ᣬͷʱֻǣЩķ˿˿ͷƤ΢΢Ǻȴܸܵ˽ϵĹػ
̧ۣͿ˵üĿ΢΢ĹŴǣĲЦǳǳģü䣬ޱȣ䣬·Ź⣬ůС̫Сʹ
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˵ĲǻҶ򴽣ϧȰǰҸ˵СЩࡣ
Ҷ˶٣ָ΢ָķޣۣû˵Щ꣬Ҳˡ
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Ҷľӵӵݣݣûˣˣһ㣬Сܡ
ͷһһԵϲļ䣺С˵
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СȻʲôף䵥ɵЩùĽֻͣҪܼ죬㶼⡣
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СҲûʧֻ࿴һЩʲôֲö˵Ĭͷͺˮĸľڿ˰֧ţֲ겻ӵΨһ
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˵ţл˼ƵŴҶһǼƵԴƽܵס;ƵΧʱʾƵϡ
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Ҷ˿Ƭڵһλһյģעְλ
ԺʿȻ񽫡ԪǸطУξԺʿǵȵȵһţֻеԪԴеУξܱȦ˳
˵طjunû뿪ԼĸĹģ񽫣СjunˣֻвܵƵԪԭǸطУξܣǡ
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ҷֱڵ۶Դеһ¥ҵ˶˵ټǶûȥ֮ǰȥǼҾ¥
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ô˵׹ˡ
ҶüǷʣвϵjun𣿡
ݳƬ̣ԥԥ³һ֣С


32 
Ҷ棺˭
üͷ ͳɤ˵ϽԺ׺͵۾ثi
ϽԺף۾ثi
ҶһЩϢԭҶļôһЩܡ
۾ثiһʼָһˣǸǰ˰ǰ˱ֵˣ Ǹഴ˵۹۹ԺثiͽȨ˵ʱΨһ Ϊ۾ ΪΪ۾ȨֻĲ뿪ˡ֧ǵֵĲӣ оӡ
󣬼ڣ һһڵĵ۾ûҪصȨ
ȥˣǵثiѾˣ˶Ϊֵ֮ĵ۾ثiǵһ۾ĺ
ڣ ڵ۾ثiѾָһˣ ָһ۾ĺ
һε۾Բǵһε۾ثiĺΪ磬 ô꣬¡ثiδȨ۹ ۹ڶλثiΪͳߡ
Ͻְλʮǰֵģ ǵ۾ثiֱģ λ Ҳֻ ֱӹӣҲ˵ǾӵĶӳ
ԺԭҶ֪ʶﲢֻ֪࣬ǵ۾ߵģʮ;ͷΪϽһֱŵ۾ثi
ϽԺǲܵġҶ֮ʣݿ˵
Ҷɻ󣺡Ϊʲô
Ͱ˵junˣװСǸ˲һ
򣿡ɺǿǸɫñԼڵʵʵ洩ʲôû֪˵ʹװأңϽҲǲԴ
˵Ŀ϶ͺǡƵġ
Ҷ⣬˵ܿǵ۾
Ը˵ѡȴпܵġ
򣿡Ҷɻˣô˵˲ô
˵۾ثiһݱ־ԡ
ԡҶֳ֪︡ʶ
һԵĻԾǴӶԷչģԶһ޶ܱҪǿ࣬ǼѾԽһӴϢЩϢ鲼ǼʸأԹز쿴ΪԵĻϢߵĶԿʱ鿴벻ۼ޸ġ
תǿֵֽĸԲͬЩ޷ʹתתֻе۾һ֪Ҳֻе۾ܿʹá
ӵжԵĵ۾ȷʵԼʧڼ
ǡ
ÿʮųһ𣿡
ԭҶļÿʮ꣬۾ثiͻŶԳ֣ԣǼԼֽĵͻ֪ǵ۾ثi
ȡе֪ʶҶɫŹ֡
λ۾ثiֻ֣һ£ǴĹ¶ԺѡһЩʿ뿪Щʿѡ뾫ӵģǽ뾫Ӿͻ룬зʽ
ϴγֲŹȥʮꡭ
ݴһԳһƬҶǰС㿴ǹ۾ʱýµƬ
ҶЩƬЩƬϵ˶һɫߣߺͨûʲô㣬ңЩϵ̫ˣЩƬ˿ûпӵĽȸУҶҡҡͷ϶˵
ü
ǣ˭
ЩƬ̾˿˵Ҳǣ˶ҪؽصģҲܳ֡
أҶɻĿݣݻȻԼ˵һ㣬˴
ҶȴѾȡԭҶڽصļ䡣
һε۾쾫뿪ʹҪһСءĵططֻ֪֪һΣĶҪӳ꿴أ۾ÿʮѡµľӶԱҲΪסǡء
˵ǶΣĶû˼Ҳ֪۾ȷʵÿʮųһΣ־ʹʿˣЩʿҲҲûгֹΪЩǹ¶Ҳû׷
һʼصĴԼЩ¶Щĺƽӣûзκ⣬Ҳϰˡ
Щϵ飬ûʲôϵ
ֻҵǸӣˡ
һʱ䣬˶û˵ݳһ̣㣬һͼԱߵҶͷĿһ̡
룬ڰ˵Сû£ҵ
ݡҶһˡ
ţüͷ΢壬Ҷ˻ŵ˵Ҫҵôҵˡ
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Ҷת¶һЦЦݲãôЩ죬Ҷоܰȫ֮ǰЩҵĴɡ
˶٣Ҷ˵οôڣʲô¡
⻰˵泩ùңص˵˵ֹСЩ㿴
ҶĻ仯ˣ˺öരڣתҶǰǡ롹֣Ҷݣݵʾ£˽롣
һ룬ΧĻٿʱһǻߵһңܶͨ߶ͨȻһܴĲٳϣϱкܶˣȫǽ˶ӣŶװеܲеڴȭеڶԴ򣬿ڼѵһ
أʵڵģֻͨؿǣߵ˲ᷢǡ
˵żȻľ˼ǵģ֪СԱҺСܣҲȷʵʵܱ
ҶƵĿ࣬ٳϵ˺öö࣬
֪кܶѪû뵽ȻЩֹ
Ҷƣת˸䣬һţȫܶʽҶڵϿ
תתһİ칫ң칫дŰƷˣ̨ԣһ壬һܴĻĻϺܶССƵЩƵȡǵ۹ݿ⡭
ҶҲ̫˰ɡ
ȻôΪãֻҶһǣЩ֪Ǳ֡
ߣ¸ǣĬĬˡ
ڣǲᱩ¶ģ
˵ô꣬ǰġ
ҶǰһУֿݣ˿̵һº͵ı棬¶ЩĽһһҶ˵һУĶҫ˵ڴĿҶһȴ佱ĺӡ
Ҷ״㵵̬ȥֻĴȰ˵ףĻֻǸӡ
ҶĵĿ佱Ҽݾ
⻰ʮֵģܴһͨѹӢԼ̬ɹЩҶΪԼӽ
˵ԣЩʲôأǲˣǸĶˣȻ
ɲΪ˷Լദʱ䡣
ңҶӣʵΣմ󲿷ֶǶģȥģҲǰҵô棬ֲ꣬ᡸҪңҵĻ
ء
Ҷ˶˵ңЩҲǼķˣֻҪҲ˶Լ϶ԼˣûзĴǲôƽ޹ԩһˣһǼʷﶼǲġ
ԣͷЩҡǰС֪ǰȻɣȴһеӣһֱֻ»ܡ


33 
Щ죬ֲ״̬ʵӰ쵽ƽܵ״̬Ƕ֪ǰ˱ڼѰֻڴա
Щ죬 ֲ״̬ʵӰ쵽ƽܵ״̬Ƕ֪ǰ˱ڼѰֻڴҵǸ˻ǹ ֪Ǹ˻Щ˵ĿģڵΣǰĳ
Щҡһ첻ҵѵһСô
ݳƬ̣ͷ
Ҷģ æָżƵҡõεһƬ˿Χµƽ˵ǸϽСܻɡ
һ㶣 ۼأȻĲͨͨѶƽܰЩΧŵ˶ƫƧĵطͨѶ
ô𣿡һͨ ͼҴҵʣһ ǰ˳ݻҶһ㶣Ҷ૵ĳƮ飬Ե㣺ְ֡֡
ѵÿƽôӣ Ҷ࿴ۣ ֳ̧ƽܴкСܣѿɲŶ
ƽӣ ԴҶ˷֮ΪǸˣ ƽݵָ¾һֱ֮ǰҶֵĵطε նȻҶġ
˵СѾ֪ˣ ɡ
ƽ۾΢ ȴ䵭ġŶһ ͨѶ
ݺҶһȥģȥʱҶĻõ¥£ߵĴ̨ϣݿ΢ůС
صʱС޿ҶҪˣ۵ίҶ鲻ѣģݣС޶Һܺõģ貮Ҳǡ
Ȼ֪ҶŶˣƳСһۣҲûСԷȥˡ
öûСˡ
СȻ˿貮Ա߸ҧ䣺԰ɣҶ˵ˣүֵˡ
㻹˵С޵貮һۡ
ƽڵڶģһӾһӵˣС޼׼ڿƽܽҶСְ֡һƽҲеѡ
㲻үСүҶүĹϵˡ
ҲûжϵӣǴ˸кһȥˡ
СүѶźþͳˣ˵ȥ¹˾Ҫһ¾ˡ
үûߣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôĻ֧ԶԶġ
ƽߺҶյܵݵǰʣݣ֮ǰһֱš
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ҶʧЩҲӣ֮ǰѱˣûκõϢݱôֱ࣬ô꣬Ϣء
Ȼûء
ţðɡҶӦһ΢Ʋͷ˿ɫʧȴû˼˿ɽüĿµĴһóһӣҶǰ
Сһ
Ҷ̧ۣͼǣ֣ԴȡٴһµĺȡһȫµԸϣ͸ǹ˾оԡ
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ݳҶЦЦӦõģԵѾȫݵ˵ġ
áҶӦţͷ˵ݣһһ¡
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ҶĿ˵ȥϰࡣ
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΢죬С֮ǰǺܷЩ𡭡
ţ֮ǰǰ˸˵ġԸ¡ȻҲĴ㡣
ջ˾ȣʣʲô𣿡
ҶͷˣҶԭߵģҾͼȥߣ
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ҶԣսݿѰԼ»ǲιɵĹ˾Ҷæ˵ݣѾй˾ˡ
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ҶԼԣһ棬ݿ˵㿴Һöȥϰˣ˵ˣ˵ȥؼߣһûӦСͬˣҾʹӦˡ
һһϤĹ˾֡¹֡
Сʶ֡
˾ľ
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Сѡе¹֡
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ϸϸĿһ飬ֲɷøдúܺãƵƵƽܵ״̬ҲԵúܷɣǰ˵Ҳͦ˼ġ
ݲɷøȫϸ˵㡣
ĲɷøǴӲýɷõӰƽܱ˵Ĳɷø壬ˣԹ˾ݶһײ㡣
ҶҶǰһֱ䡢ۣһ̾һָСסˣҲ᧿ΣѾ쵽ˡ
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Ųɷøֲ֨ҶʲôƸҲˣҶ¹ֵõ˼õĶԴѡ칫ҵȨ
ҶѡһȽƫƧС칫ҡ
ɼˣ֪ɷùƽ¼ͬ£桢ݸָɶ͵͵
££˽ˣ˵һеڶ
ЩӣڼദѾ࣬˿ԴԴҲӦˡ
Щˣһʼ·˼ʲôƵЩнſͺöˡ
ǵĻ󲿷ֶǹƽܣҲƽܵĻ⣬ҲһһشˣܾΪشˣԽԽ˼˹
ͿƽʱһŵС칫ſڼˣǱ￴˿ֻһͨڸ˵˵ЦЦģվıȽΧ˵ʲôſСۣڿλġ


34 
СҶãô죬ܶƽܵϢҲ͸¶ǡѽƽʱд顭
СҶã ô죬ܶƽܵϢҲ͸¶ǡ
ѽƽʱдֱϵʱ򶼲ûˣ
Ĵ󷽣ң ˵ĺܶ༭СҲãؼߡ
ؼߣ
ۣ⹫˾ؼֻ߲һʲôʱһ
⹫˾һؼˣôôܰ
ﲻˬ۾ƼС칫ƮһϤķɫӰ һ㶣 ſھͻ
ᡣ
ɫӰһ٣عͷһŮ ŮЦ˿̱ס ϴ˻̿֡
һƼüãڸʲô
ԣͷ˿Ҷһͷ˳
ҶܾǷŮȥʱЩ˱Ѿǰ Ҫʲôġ
ƺһΪ ڳ˵˿˿ڡ
ֱӼ߽ˣ ûˡ
Ҷգգۣ ˼ǷɫıӰ ֵ򿪿ڵˣΪʲôûˣ
û뵽ᱻҶʵ ΢һ٣ ش˰ģ ԱߵѾشˣӼߵӼ߽ȥɻǿ϶°ǰûˡ
Ŷԭˡ
Ӽߵ
ҶղӼߣȽϴ󣬿ʮ꣬е㷢ϻžµױݣ㵽Щ̱ǵˮôԶľ룬ҲŵϵζǲҶϲζ
Ҷû룬ܿǰΧˣһЩԼһЩоĵ顣
һҶ˵ĿڸЩȴƻûĹƵģģڣûþ°ˣҶæ˸ߣ°ࡣ
ȥ
Ҷ˿æʰ׼ؼӡ
û䣬ԼˣҪ˺úһʱͿǷֳˡ
һҶ֪ôһ֪޲ԣܿ졸׺͡͡ġܲһؼߡûмӡǩϡ
̶һ죬ʹ˹˾
ϣݽؼҵģСϷģûˡ
극ݽյ˲ַϢ̧ͷһ糣ҶʣСһϰ໹˳𣿡
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ԣüͷ΢ͷ˿ַƬһΧСİ칫ſڣС˵ںӴһЩײϲӴôˡ
һĥʣûʲôӦģ̫ʲôģ
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Ҷһ٣һݣԴ̸֮Ըоӵľˣܸܵϸ΢仯ڵǡ
룬򴽣˿ڣݣģ˾˶ͦõġ
˵ֲ꣬һ䣺ҼȻӦ£һСһŬӦģңЩͦõġ
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˻ˣĻЩԵʽܲÿ䣬˼Ҫ෢СߵճƬҪСߵĹԻӦ
˼Сȴƿһ
ҶСǸأ
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ڵ۶ĵ۹һλߵǰ߶߶˵ЩֵҪ¼
оͰ׸˽صĴ˽ľˣԼƥе۹Ϣ绹в׷ǵ顣
λĵţԹһȣ
ӳˣ¶צˡ
ԣ뿪飬һȥЩצ˴һ˿οܺá
򣿡ã
۾΢צԶԿ۹⡭ܺ
ڵĵ۹ִǵǰġ۾
ǵģߵӾǵ۹صĵ۾С׷ˡ
צԸԵΪĵĵ۹УԸ۾ȴԶԶɻ򡭡Ҫ˻ߵףҪȴЩ
˵ˣצվڲ飬λҪδأ
ſڣ뿪ѯʣȴ˿ûнצһɡ
䡸˵赭д˵ˣÿ˵ˣȴȻΪȷʵεʵ
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˾ӣЩ˻һ쳧רоȽ˵ֵҲǴ쳧ģǺƽʱͣοǹȫܼõĶԡ
ȴЩ˷ǳǿǿ˷ָйĪֻ΢뷴һͬסȭţȫıƿءǲ֪ʲôͷ·ģ׷˶ķڷ
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ⱾһܣΪ۾Ļ֪֮ġ
˵ⲡǴӵһε۾Ŵģôĵ۾ÿһˣҲǵ۾ӲȨԭ򡭡
ʮǰСʱͱѡΪ۾ʮֻ۾Ρ
Σһǲǰ۾ѵǻߣȥһļߡڶξΡ
ȥ˴֣ѰһɫѹӢѹӢûҵҵ˵ߵʬ塭
ȻһЩ˼飬ǰλ۾ƺһ㶼ȡ
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΢תһ֣˸˼·ǼҶ¹ְãܻӭ
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ллܡĵףоôôôա

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ҲҪٿտڼˣҵ죬էһôˡ
˾ҳ˵ģ֤ݰɡ
ͷ΢20203İĽͼʱ򻹲ȫ4±ԭİ10·ݱڵİ20ġ
ƪĵԤҲ20꿪ġԭΪһûдˣŷ꣬ⱾҿԤչȥˣ֮ǰһֱҵĶľõˣOTL
ûզģҲǿͬĿCPȥOTL岻̫ãһֱϢ
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ƪĿʼʵûдߵġĳһҴȥϰʱ򣬿ڳǰͻȻһСΧƸִеĻ棬Ÿ˵ְ֣캰Ұְ֡
Ȼر˼ͷ͸İ
ϡ˵ʲôֱɾ˹ǱҲԣƪĵĶǵλ߿Ӧɡ


35 
ϰ࣬Ҷ빫˾ͿŷɫȹŮһվ칫ſڣҶ
šλƣ룬 ȥ˲ͣ˹ʲôҪ飬úϸ ͣλ߻׷Ȼأ
ʿˮЩš
⻹ʲôȻ󰡣Ǳã ܻӭ ֵģǼҶӾͺƽƽء
ָ飬ӲͷƤ˿ڣ ϸϸ˵Ҷ߷СССС¡
ֱ˵޿˵ʼİˣ λ߲һ㣬ֹص˿ˣλߴ
 ȥ òԺ׻ɡ
̧ۣƬ̺󰲷ֵĵͷǡ
º λӰۣüĿ˼˯⡣
ڵӻЩ룬 ܸоĻع飬 Ӧù˶ã ˶õ̬Сһǰˣ ָ΢΢˶ ӿڴͳһСָĦС̬ᡭ
ϰ࣬Ҷ빫˾ͿŷɫȹŮһվ칫ſڣҶܺãǵġ
ϴμ֮ʵἸΣÿζΪ˲赹ˮæǰæ󡭡æ˼к
κһˡ
Ҷ˼ˣȥкСᣬϺá
ῴҶԵúܸˣСܵǰɫЩ糺죺Ҷߣã
һеĵǰһݣΪ˵ָܲһң
򣿡Ҷһ㶣ӹǵһϲΪҶ˰칫˵롣
ҶͷЩ˵㲻ôģһСҶͺá
ԣҶ¶Цûд𻰣˽ȥҶȻ˺ܶࡣ
ҶӵĶһЩɷø塣
Ҷ̧ȥᣬæ˵ҡţдòɷø壬æ
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ЩںԭҶΪߵļ֪ʶԼյģҶԼеĵġ
Ĳɷø壬ɷõǡԺʿ趡
Ҷ΢һ飬Щɻ̧ۣʲô㿪ڣҺӼרŲɷz˵ļߣԺʿǵ۶Ժʿ趣Ҳɷͦõˣɷø崫һֱͨ޸˺öˡĲ֪ôˡ
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ҶᣬȴǰŮľԼ·һڴĿ
ġ
ҶûдzĲɷø壬룬ԭľ΢˼޸һ£᣺ҲǺZģԿܰ󡣡
ӹһҶĶļ˳Ͻ˺ܶ࣬۾һæҡͷ˵ûУܴлл㣬СҶ
ԣҶ潫ļɨ˵ʹȥԺʿǱ߿ܲͨͨλҲܵݽɷøˡ
Ҷǵôһ¡
˾ÿ¾ͻٰһβɷû˾ļڻҪݽһݲɷøģû׼أӦòѽ
ƳҶɻ᲻˼ĵͷӬûаֵҡתʽļߵġ
ҶȻ˾涨˵ֻҪһݵõϿɵĲɷø壬ڹ˾ʽߣˣ뿪ˡ
Ҷ¶һЦ˵ͣƪ϶Եġ
ǰ峺ЦʱüģůС̫˵׽·ֻҪ׽ˣĵǵ㲻ĸͻȫɢͷ΢ȣĵ׵һɢˣȡ֮š
ᳯҶصĵͷüᶨţȥСҶҺϢ
á
ߺҶԿɷøûüĿءֹҲҪˡ
ѰǣҪѰԼĲɷöһЩƽһЩȴûʲôӡ󣬵˰죬һȤ
ŲţĶˣʼѯӵϢ
еûҵء
ͱˣﻹܲ鵽ʲôµϢ
Ҷɥ֮ʣһЦ˽ȫϲСҶͨˣҿˣ
סҶ֣鼤ĵ۽Ƕʪˣݸ˵ȾҶҶ˼֣ԵĿ˵
˵ͷҲҺð
Ҷһ㶣Цһ٣ŻȻ֪Լ˵ʲôɫ˺죬ɿҶСҶлл㣬ʲôҪҡ
˵ţ۾ɨҶŵԣҶͿٵİѰӵҳˣ˿ֻϵһЩҳ
˶ʣСҶ㻹ûȥɷ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷԿա
˵ҲԽһƪֱġ
ֱͲɷøһЧʵһһεĻ˾ûиϸҪҪĻҪ֤
ֻҪܽϾС
ῴҶգƹؽİ칫ǣ룬͵͵սҶĶ˵СҶʵҵС÷һ޴ܣõ֤Ļдһƪ䶯ıZߵļߣҲûʲôãҪ㿴òõϣ
ðҶ΢
ԣҶһԣСС˵ǣСҵʱ˵ˡ
򣿡Ҷգգۣȫɻ󣬿ôˣ
˵һСеľֹܣΪţرӡ
˵۾رԵر˷ܣҶ·𿴼Ǽϴ˵İ֮ꡣ
Ų٣ûһôܵģϢõ֤ʵģǾ˵һСѣ
ҶЩ£Сѣô֪
ȻȥݣǿڳܵǸеģȥ̽̽ף
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Ҷ֮ʣˣԵúܸˣˣҵСøҷ͵ĵƬˣϾͿ֪ݾֹܵеĳˣʱҳȥ̽ףдһݱˡ
˵ţ㿪ǰ棬ݰ򿪳ţϴº͵ЦһòͨİС˿ЦϤö˶סˡ
ὩӲĻͷҶָָƬ˵СҶ
Ҷ￩һָ΢΢˶ƬҰ
ƺеתʶݣ
Ҷ˵ͷüͷ΢壬ƽŵ飬Ѳǵǿʲô֪ѹӢˣ֪ţȻݻ鷳ġ
룬ĿʣСᣬҪ̽ҵ𣿿ҲݵСѡ
ỹЩ㶣һҶô˵·ͨһ㣬һ˵֪ˣȥɷݵģԲԣ
Ҷ㡣
۶Թ˾ܲð칫ֳҳüġ
ҳǡСѡλεݵۣ̾˿׼Դƽܵͨ͹ˡ
򴽣ͨˡ
ƽܵӰݵǰư۴ƣҷţ𣿡
Ƴһۣи硣
ƽܱҭһ£ǲʲԸĺһ硣
Żˡ
ƽ£ô˵ҺͰְأڵԼô˵
üͷ˵ң֪ͨݿдȻһƽ˵ˡ
ƽƲƲ죬ף

۶ǰûʲô֪ôЩ궼æЩʲôǱϿȥ׸˽¸ɵЩķʱѪ;ҲȻ˽Щ
ЩԺܺõıǣҲͬʱǱˣǴꡣ
ƽţʣᱻ𣿡
ݿȻ˽Լģǵ۹ģǶ̫࣬ױ˲
ҡͷɾҳᡣ
ƽʣҪһֱɾȥ
˶٣ƽ˵Щð˸ͷͻԽԽ࣬ɾɾġ
̧ۿһۣƮƮ˵㶼о˰
ƽܱҭһ£ü˵Ҹ˵ģûѰְֵˣǹϻ𣿡
ͲţôЩ죬ؼҵʱ򣬼С޿ǵûǰĸӰ죡
΢ˡ
ǡ
˵Ѿˡ
۹һϢ⣬Ǽ˵Ϣƽαݵʱͨ˸αһϢݣСĸǲͬСԭУԭĻϸͺãԭҶֻһС䣬Ǹ¶ǲѣҲע⡭
ѵǡ
ǼԸϢΪأÿһ˶ֻһ˺ţ˺֮ϢȫΪʱʵ
Ҳ˵ϢݸˣԭҶ֮ǰɢϢȴǾɵ䣬ҪĵϢĻֻһһɸѡ޸ģһ޸ģǸӴḶ́Ҫʱ䡭
ʱݾˡԡƿءԡϢĸĵݡ
𡸶ԡˣ͵ҡҡͷ
ˣɡ
۹ϵľλصĵ۾ĵҿѰȴѰ۾
۾ҪôѾˣҪôɲ⡭
ÿʮֵĵ۾ʻģǺߣǺߣǵ۾־൱һɲĶҪĵˣԣǵ۾Ǹ֮ǰһأҪֵĺãҲϴγֻûжʮ꣬ʱԼʵ
˼ˣݿƽ˵֮ôһ죬ǵѪ׹ϵ֮ڵġ
ƽԣһ˿ڴӦһͨѶ
۹ĵ۹ŵǸӦʲôӴĴָϵɫָ󴦵΢΢Ź⣬ǰָĶɫָϵںһɫָʧΧһȦɫĻƣâɢȥֻɫߵ԰󴦡
Ħԣ΢
Ļع飬öԶˡ
ǱˣͿԡ
ջһ
Ż䣬װźǰϹ񣺡ϡ
̧ʣԺ׻𣿡
أѾ·ˡ
΢˵ͷ룬ʣε˭
ԣԣָɣûãλ˵ա
աһε۾ӵĶӣԺֳ︡һСģСô
վ££ϵĺ磬˵߰ɣȥ
æĸ
һװ껪İ칫һشǰŸ߽űСƣԿƵƵʾһŮӰӰĻ𱬣ƵƵۣбֳ︡yinаyuǴ죬Ƕѻļİ칫ȴӲΪתyinήҵ
ͻȻӰ£ͨһ˼ʧˣһ㶣ֱӣ˶ԼԣȴԲûгɻ˦˦󣬾ͿԼİ칫ͻȻӰ
һ˴ɫ磬һװһʱ俴junװ
æվĿˣʲôˣ
ߵüǰˣĿһɨĴһ󷽷ߵ˰칫ǰ£緭ɣһִϣ󴦵ɫߵԾ¶˳
˿ǡԡţʾšϿ888ͨϣ
ԣⲻԣǡԣԼԣϿ˷ŵͨѶ
΢ָԼ󴦵ԣӵпԵֻС۾
ǰǵ۾
죬Ѹ򶨣ϵľһɲǣͻָһʵģǰӣ̽㻽ø磿
üͷ΢ǰ꣬ްûоܾƺֹ̧Ҫǳ
״Ȼһɣ϶׽Цԭø磬øʲôʱص۶ģô֪һҲΪøӷ簡
ֹ̧ر˶ԣ꣬һɨԵļǷݼͺڳЦ⣬ţһʱ侹ǷЩ첻ȥˣЦЦ˵ӷ絹ˣǸ
˶٣ζ˵õ֪һϽˣݾӵ۹
һ㶣۹ԭǵ۾İ칫ֵأѾܶ겻ˣ۾Ͻݾӵ۹û⣬˵׻ʲôģʮԼûе
˵ø硭˴ҪվӵĶԱ鹫
ᡸ͡һһᣬ֪ΪΣȴԵüΪ죬òԼĻ
վɫڹԣǳɫĴȻţܾڹּЦζ
ָڣǵλߣǵһαѹţвʣȴӴ߹ǲļģ·ʱƮƮ˵һ䣺ֻҪ㰲֣Ȩ
΢ۣ΢ָڽס˷ף˼ǰƵһ
ԽԽǰΣգ
길׽Ӽ۾ʱż꣬ǵ˵ʱĵ۾ʲôӵģʼռǵøսսģĸ۹ҪԱ˱ϥʱ򲻷׺ݺݵĺǳˣǳĸ׸û֮ʵǰͲǱȫһеķӡ
˼ˣ껺˻˲ʵüĿת˵ø˵Цˣ۹ԭ㡭
û˵꣬귢֣ıﻹ˵ӰӣŸ˵Ҳʧˡ
ʱϢ뿪ʱҲˡ
۹û۾ߵȴܣ۾ĸ֣Щǿؼһӵеĸ߿Ƽ£ӵȴڸκεʵԶһһ֮ϣһεĵ۾ҪȡȨ׾ٵ¡
޺޵ıۣ뿪ʱ˵ĻֻҪ㰲֣Ȩ
֡أʲôǰأ˭İأ
üĿ
¹ְ칫ҶźϺϵĴãȻ޴룬һȻ˵˵ģ
ˣҶˣСҶ˼֧㣬СҶͣһõݲɷøġ
Ȼû
ҶЩңͼĳȥˣһ֪ҶʲôСܵϲģ
Ҷеۡ
ûݵĲɷøûճһ
ҶѰݣ⻹һβݣͿţ󲿷ֶӵķṦΰչʲôʲô˾ʲôʲôҵ׬˶ٶǮ
滹н̵ģʱһ·ͺһ·߹һýζȻһͷ
ɷҲ֪ӵϢȻԼ׽ֱڣǵӶûϡҶüݵ׽̶ȣӲϲŶԣǡӿˡ
ӱƽ֪ö࣬Ҳû֪ݵˣ
Ҷţﰵ˸
ϻȥҶһֱСβһݣƽܽԼζû뿪ƽܳζĽ˷䣬ҶûܣŷСĹ׽æ鿴
ƽ˼࣬С׽ȻˣǰʲôôҪӵ׽
ȻҶɫЦݺ䣬Ķģݷģ˵Сҵѽ
ǺĻȴ˵˰ݳζҶڵӣСС䣺ݡ
ĻݵһͿɷˣôˣ
Щ˼ЩݣҶͣãɫ任˵Ժ𣿡
Զһ٣嶼ԵýӲˣ˻Щɵ˵˾С֪ʲôʣһ֪޲ԵģûҪӡ
ӣҶֽ˽֪
ֲӵ޼䣬õġ²ʱˣҲһΡ
ݵıۿɼûңæվӣСɫˣϢҲȥ˯ˡ
⻹ǵһο
Ҷۼֿס-֪Ҹʵˣֻˣܲһٿƣһκòã
Ҷ壬û뵽ĺݿǳС¹ʪģ·ֻҪܾ߾ܵӨ͸ӣ
ѵõ̾˿ĵͷ
ͷҶ˵СӦңˣܶҡ
򣿡ֲ꣬ôܶԼӣҶͷ
ݵͷۣӽˡ
ͬʱģҶܵԼһֱͳȥ˻Ӧ
ϵһ˲䣬߾͸ը˹ƵĴ˺ööݵȵƽܵĻҪ
Сÿɰ࣡
ССֺۣ࣡
Сͷ࣡
СýС࣡
Ҷ䣬ȵĿݣӣɫ΢죬ͷĬһЦʧˣҶܴϿЩΡ
´춯ݷֳŽˣڳĬĸЬ
ΣŴЬĻжԵĵ
ССjiojio۵ģ࣡
Ҷһ㶣ֺɪһ£һ㶣Եί
С˵òҵġ
Ҷָ΢΢˶һСС˵ӻǿưɡ
˵ˣӲûʧϵ΢ȥȻˣǷҲûˣֻи¶ίͬʱٴδ
Сˣ
Сô
УҪСӦӽͲջˣ
ˣСҲϰˣ
ҶݣݻҶᶨҶ̲ס˵һݣû㣬ҡҺܻϲ׽
׽ڻȣһë׵ĳһʱ࣡
Ϊϸ׵̬˵̫뵱
һҶί񣬻ûݰգ룬ָ˵ݣɷ𣿡
ѽ
ʣԶѲɷÿʵĴȫҶҲˣǶʱʱ̴̿ġࡹͣ˺һᡣ
Ҷ˿ɷøҲдˡ
д
ܵܣ̫
Ҷһ㶣̧ۿԱߵݣҲȻһ㶣һ˲ʧˡ
л˵



36 
Ҷæݵǰݡ
С˿ڿˮ ӲͷƤҶ
ҶʣеӵϢԲԣ
ûС˵
ҶˣҶˣƭң֮ǰƭңڻƭң
ݳĬˡ
Ҷץסݵ֣ݣ ˵Т˳ңôܶѣ
һһΪʹġ
üͷƬ̺ÿҶ֣ ̾˿ǣ ֪
Ҷʣģ
ݻأҲ֪
򣿡Ҷš
˵治֪ǰȥҹҲҵ Ҽһ棬ǲûϣ ֮ȥҲͲ֪ˡ
Ҷԣü⣺ΪΡϣ
Ӻ֮ϵȻûкֲͬһֲƮģҲиеģ Ҫϵġ
뵽ʲôõĻ䣬 ɫ˳ûд𻰡
Ҷ˵ݣ 㲻˵ǾͲ˵ £ ˵ǻǡ
˵ʲô εĿǰˣ ȴǰǳִ֡档
ͷ΢ ֲӵӲ
ݻ񣬾һĹҶȻ˿ڡ
ҲԲԣ
ݳĬҶĬ϶Ե˼Ҷиֳ˻ϲᡭ϶֪ݣ
ָ΢СǴĽ֪˵ݡ
Ҷ򴽲˵ˡݿ϶򵥡
СٱȥܲˣѵõĴҶҶ˵ЩҶݣ峺ͫӤ溬ڴͷȻһͷǷӲɢȥָڶ˶΢˿ȰһЩ˼Сˣǲˣ͵Ѿˣһңòã
ãҶֳ︡ŨŨĲ
͵ˣ⻰ˣǿӾͺѾһ
һ㲻׵ģӾô˲Żˣ
ҶЩ޴룬ݳ壺ݡ͸Ұɣ˭ôˣҪҪ֪ܵ
ֲӰӣܸܵǰǲ飬ͷľԽӵˣݽģԼһ˿Ļк
Ű죬ǰ˿ûɿڵӣҶȻ˻𣺡ݣǿҲܵܣҪˣ
ݿҶֻˣҶҡҡͷǼᶨĲ˵
Ҷţжһֱ˳ֻҪҪûвӦģгɵֻҪҲӦ˿ʾԼˣǰ˾Ȼ˿Ϊ֮
ԽҶԽǵǡ
ӵôˣ
ҶȲݵĻشܣһվˡ
ܻûãŴҶͷһϲΪЭˣҪȥţûݵСЩ˯
䣬ŲԶˡ
һ㶼ûиҶڵĻᣬĲ
ҶˣݿûôǿӲ
Щ˯ô˯ţҶȥݣȴѾӣûõӵϢ
һҹδߣ۵ҶȥݣȴݷѾˣҶһ֣ûҵݣֻҵƽܡ
ŽӴӳ߳ҶüĿ΢ˣ
СܡҶСʣأ
ȥϰˡƽܻأͼǰ˵ʹͷüĿ£Եõί
ҹ˵ˣۿǸ͵͵ŵģ޷ľܾ˵ʣŶ㡭
һأǸ԰ְ첻οΪɣܾ͸¶
ںˣΪ֪ӵϢοˣҲΪûеӵϢ޷ǰίСְˡ
Ǹֲǲ֪ǰˡ
ƽǼ⣬ʹ̽Ŀڣʵ͸ִҶˡ
Ҷ۾΢ƽܣС֪ӵϢ
ƽæҡͷû˵
Ҷ˲ͳȥƽһҶ˵ְ֣ôԼģȻȻİɣǲҪǿˡ
Ҷԣ³˳ҲΪãǿҲĸܵܣûͲҪˣ㲻Ҫ㻹ҪҲҪ
Ҷƽ΢΢ҡҡͷѵõࣺСܣûڴҲһҪˣҪˣǾûˡ
Ҫˡ
⻰صڶУƽһգûְ֮ǰĶ£˲
ɵ룬ǷҲ֮ǰһڵȴȴţĳ̶
ˡ
ƽҧݹֵѵܶණһ֪⣬ǰ˺ߣŽ֪һЩֵĳʶʱദֲ֪֮ϵվ粻ǰ˸д
һŰǰˡȴֲ֮Ѫ׵ϵ
ϵҲУ׵ģ˵¾ܷµ˵ġ
ҡƽ֪ǸȴͲͷһʱҶΣҶĬƳۣתȥ
ƽܴ㵣æʣȥ
ϰ࣡Ҷء
ƽæվ˵㡣
ҪҶЬӣչĹģĹš
ƽܷһͷùһԵĿ֣׷š
һ·޻İȥ˹˾ĿҶ¥ƽܲ뿪
ƽܸջصҾͿݵƵͨѶ
ͨˣã
΢㣬ʣСˣ
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֪һĴ˿û˱ʣȥϰˡ
ƽܵͷԼɳһӣɳ˵磬ɴ֪ĸɡ
ݳĬƽܶ˶˵֪ղŸ˵ʲô𣿡
򣿡
˵ڴҲҪˣҪ㡢ˣûˡ
ͷ΢ָڲ˲ֲ겻Ҫˣ˵ζʲôûбΪӵĸˣǼʧȥʧȥһðȡ
ʧȥӵֲźС˯ǰʧȥܶܶӡʣüء
ݵĶҡˣС̸ڡǹҸȣǿűµȴ縡ƼΪǴĳǽǳѺۡ
ƽ˵磬㲻ְ֣߰Ұɣǿӵݾʲô
̾Ϣһԥƽüͫһ˿ʣǲǸǷǱгͻ
֮⣬ƽ벻ɡ
΢ŵ̬ܵ񣬲֪УǰҲôˣĶǸӺˣ֪ҲˣԷֵһЩˣݴ΢ɣͷ
Ȼ
ƽָˣǡ𡭡
ƽô꣬йϸľֻе˱ֵľӡƽ˵룬Ķ磬ŵָڡ
ٴεͷϽԺס
л˵
лл355־ĵףôôա


37 
˵꣬ݳĬıۡƽ𾪣ϽΪǸ¶
˵꣬ ݳĬıۡ
ƽ𾪣Ͻ
ΪǸ¶ȥһ¶ֵ飬 һֱСűΪ˴ߡȴû뵽ǡ
쾫ӵϽ
һݣƽʿˮ֮ˡ
ص칫ҵҶû˼ɻ ѰʱУ ҵһڵӵ
ʱ䣬ˡ
Դϴθ˲ɷøԺ ͸׽ԼֻҪ ͻ͵
һҶԱддü˼ʱҶ䣬 Ҷûô Լ˼Ҳûʲôԡ
 ַ£üͷ ʲô⣬  ǷҶĸǰСҶ ң ¸
򣿡Ҷ̧ۡ
һǰҶһۣд˺ö֣Щ˹Щ˸棬ֻһɫıȦ˳ϽԺס
Ӽ˵ҪȥһβɷãҪɸѡһҶˣϽԺҲ֪ùǲ
˵ţ˵ԭҲþᣬϽԺʮǰŵ۾ؽأһֱû֣϶ܽܲɷá
˶٣ᷭһ棬ݸҶ㿴棬ʮû¶ġؽصͻȻ˵ҪˣܲɷüֵߣΪճڵ۶Ҷô˽⣬ðȻǰȥܻӣң˵Ͻֻڵ۾ģ۹ķɶЧǸˡ
ţΪѵĿҶҲ֪ôˣСҶ˵أӼѡػֱӻ
ҶǷݹ棬˹ϽԺ׻е۾˻סڵ۹
ǰЩǸջ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ˵ɫΪĲԣ̸ϽԺ׵ʱһھͷԼԺ׵Ŀܡ
Ҷ￩һʲôҪĵ֮һ
ץסÿ˵ȥϽԺװɣ
㡣
Ҷ˵㲻˵ô˽ðȻǰȥǾӼȥ
۾һŶԣ
ָɣϲѯʲô˸߲ҵ˵СҶȻǶԵģҿ٣ãй˵ҪȥλϽʱպǽ죬صڵ۶˽˻
Ȼֲý˽˻۹Ƕ··ˣԭҪȥϽ
Ҷߣȥڣ۹ǿ϶ǲʱȥģ·ˣҲˣӻҪ˳ģʱӦܼϽҲ²ý϶ر̫࣬ˣȻûע⵽ôҪϢ
һ˵ţҶһ߿ٵϡ
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ǰһЩģ赲ǰ
һᣬ߳һװľˣЩ˵ɫҪϴɱ֮˿Ȼ𾴡
ǳǰĵһ񣬿˿Χֳֵԣǰһһ˰ˣ࣬վһ飬ڶý˵ǰ
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֪˭һһİģС⴦ը˿
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۶ƽܲĿԱߵӰݡ
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ӣȥҲϲǣϲְ֡
ҶվȺԶԶĿˣĶԵǶѹӢѹӢ˲ǸӦʲôϽ΢üͷǶѹӢתҶĿԡ
Ҷһϣžӣǧһľװȴʲô˵ˡ
Ӻ˹ˣ˰֣־ӵĶӳ۹Ͻ
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Ҷſڣ뻽ˣ˽˻ȥûһۣĮȫڿһİˡ
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38 
ӺԼİ·ˣ ֪ԼǱ֣ݻǱֵĶ桭
Ҷƣı˱˵Ҿеſᡣ
⣺ȳȥ ϢᣬҪŲס˵ȥҽԺؼϢ
áҶЦЦ ϵĿ᣺лл㣬 Сᡣ
Ĵš
۶ĵıƽܺͬʱĬ
ȷʵ֪ôֲ˵
죬 ƽȴ˳Ĭ
磬˵ һ棿
΢˵ͷ˼·Ʈ˺ܾԶ֮ǰһĴ֡
Ǹɫͷ÷۵ĺͯͯ۾Ҳǽɫģ ĺܣ ϳһСѿ
СѿǸѿӡ
𵱳棬΢˵ʱ㻹ûѿ СԱ 硣
ƽ΢һ㶣 ȥݵӰ ȴ͵ɫ ͷ΢ ǿҲǺ޸顭
ƽʣĲϻȻڲϵðְ֣ϵǣڱϾһѪͳǾǺܾǰˣǺƽǶԱѾûôĵˣټûɻ£Щȫúø˵ܡ
ޱ֣ݴƽܣµɫ˱˪
ƽ˵ôûǹǱϾͬһֲƮӣʱˣ͵һʱӽ˽⵽޸ĸǸ¶вԺףҲǱ֣ˣԼˣ
һеŬòѯԱֿʱ߽ˡ
Ǹһ֣֡ͬһˣñ岻ܲ˵
ǴһܣȻ󲻻ɢ
Զ޵ѹһںƽʱС˱ֵǸʱڣ͸еı֣ڶñ֡
ôܽܵԼǱ֣ԼļǱ֡
ֻԼΪ೤󣬸һ
ֻҪҺ˵ǱֵݣֶεĽ㡢ҡС顣һֱŵġ
Ҳʶһ㣬Ǵ֮ҲûȥҹȻҲûĻᣬûãͿƵ۾һвԺ׵СΪϽȥؽˡ
ǵطѰöټ
˼ˣˣߣˣ͵۾ϵǳ𣿡
ƽסˡ
ˣԺױи۾
˵ԺǻƾһıѪػһ¹ϵǵ۾ǵثiĺ׵˵ĺǱȥˡ
ȥҲԺףԲԺ׺͵۾ԨԴֱضӽˡ
ƽһʱҲ޻¶İ˵ǻŰɣ˶ؽأʮųһΣһʮǰʮ껹кü꣬һʱҲ֣οǰְ֪ԼϲˣԼǱ֣ޱ֣ĵġ
ϸֳһĨɬҲôģֻҪҧɿھУǡ
ݵһݹƽܵǰԺҪӽػص۶ˡ
ǲԺףǵ۾
֮ǰСϵ۾ƬʱҾǵĵ۾֣Ǵˡ
üģ۾ҸýǰҪ̫򵥣ʮǰЩƬŶε۾ˣ۾ֻи߲
ĻɺܻܿǶԵģСǸˡܴܾǵ۾
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ڵȫ鲻۾κϢ۾ǿ̫ˡ
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˼ˣҶͿʼ룬ôȥλϽء
ܸ֮ǰƽһֱȥˡ
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ǰȥһ۾ڱӼ
ǣ㻳ɵͼǵɷø𣿡ЦĿᣬ񿴼ʲôЦһ
Ҳ˼ԵúίſǻҾһ£ҿһ𣿿ҷŴˡһתġ
һӷŭʲôҶҵĶʲô⣡
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ɷø塭Ƿ޸ĹĲɷø壬գգɻ󣺡ô᲻أ
ܿǷݲɷøģӦûźòŶԣң㲻Ӧбݡ
ҡͷ˵Ҳ֪ڹģҲ˵ģҸոſһᣬǹˣıݾͲˣҲûˡ
Ҷ칫˭𣿡
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˵٬з·һļƸ˵ŮˣҲһԱϵˣû˵ʲôʵ˵Ļȴ·ÿһ䶼ݡ
Ҷü涾֦ݺݵĳ飬һת
ᱻβ죬Ŵ˵
û˵Ŀ⣺Ĭ˰ɣˣҲĹСᣬȥɣҪɻˡ
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39 
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Ҷһ㶣 ̧һԡԭǸոǡѲɷø塹ִԵѰָѰ
Ѱϡ
ԵĻŮϣҶ˸ź㣬ʾĿļ ˿Ǻĳ롭
Ҷһ㶣 ˵Ĵ㵣 ǿӲĳ룬Ƿݲɷø徲ĳ
ǰ һ˻Ӽߣ
⡭˲ĴңҶ峺ĺͫ͸ޱȣ澵ӣ ܽʲô뷨ճո˵ģ ûá
ҡƮָ΢΢ˡ
Χͬ¿ʼӡ
ۣ ҶʲôȻѰɷø
˵Թ˾зԣ ֻм̨ Ǯ򲻵 ˵ԺʿҪһ̨Թ˾˵Ҫƣ Ҷ߾ȻУ
Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣ Ҷʲôѽ
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40 
֮ǰûΪӵˡҶţ ԿʼõĲɷø塣
һ٣Щ졣
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֮ǰƿΪ־Ҳǲܡ
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ԣҲ˲죬ŵĺܣ ԼòĲɷøôõõ
Ҷǲɷø壬 Ҳ϶ϷͿȻҲôԲ
ţƫͷȥƲ֣Ҳһȴģ ˿ûгֹҶҲûΪҶ˵˼ ֪ҲƫҶͰˡ
ؿϷһҶƬ̣ҶġһֵԾһ¡
ܣ ҷˡҶ˵
һ㶣 æԱվŵɫһ ŴŲһСսȥ
ĸӱֿ鼤ָӣ Աߵ˻
ŵĿҶⲻܣ
Ҷû ȳӶˣ ʲôܵģ
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ϽǾˣǿԲǼʷɵľˣȻΪƽ˻Σգעû
˵ţſڴ˿˹ȥʰð칫ҹᡣ
۾һ˵ãСҶȥ˴ҲиӦ
򣿡ȥģɻ
Ҷ԰־ܾõģԼԡ
üôԣȥǼϽأҪи֣ǰ֣Ļ˵ܰæ
ֳɫڡϽ£ҲӦ죺԰СҶҰɡ
ڶ˵Ȱ˵Ҷͷˡ
۹ſڣ˵һˣһ־ӶԱΧԺת˵۹ֱ˷λȥ
ٽſڣԺ׽ŲӿˣСһƿš
ڣһźɫ磬Žɫߵɳϣ̧ۣīɫͫްʱһ˿ϸɼˮ
þò
ɤͳȴڶٻԳ˼лζ
ԺӣǳɫͫǾϲǶѹӢ΢ŲţҲӵǰϥ֣صĳ߼Ĺ񣺡ϡ
Ӽ״ַ˵ˣҲˡ
Ժͷ΢ͣȫǶӵ𾴣ϾǾϡ
⻰˵ȴҲʮ㡣
л˵
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41 
һ٣´˲Ժһ̧֣˴˾һ㣬ָɨ۵ѹӢ㡭
һ٣ ´˲Ժһ̧֣˴˾һ㣬 ָɨ۵ѹӢ㶼ôˡ
ǰ˵ȴҲǶ۵ѹӢ˵
Ժɫ΢˳ӸѹӢ֣ͷ΢ͣǾϳ˯ʱ̫ˡ
̫ˡ
΢ ˣ ̫ˣϴμ˻ǸСǶѹӢҲֻǿСѿ
ôˣ ˵ĳɳһ㶼û롭Ҳ˶ô׽
Щꡭ˶٣оЩƣô
ԺԻ˵ͦõġ
Ͻľӣ кúõѵÿһԱҶܱ֤ͣʱսսʿٴγֱ֣Ҳܸľһ սɱıƬײ Ҳʱ׼Ҳǣ ֻҪҪ
Ͻ˵ţɱ֮ ǳɫͫȴ˼Ѫɫ
 ŷ һ
ѱµü ǴＷģ ÿһֱ³Ե鲻
˻ôޱ֡
üͷתͷǰϽĬãŷ·ð㿪ڣʵĲǾӣ㣬Щôί
Ժһ㶣ǳɫһ˲İشҲ˳ɣż򵥵ĻأҲͦá
ͦõġ
ȱԴϽھϴû˸Ҳġ
ֻͬʱӵ޾ļԼòۡ
Ͻûκ¶µ˼ԴǵüĿ΢Ҳѡ˽ĵ׵Ĺػֻվģڣ΢㣺ί˵
Ժһķ·𱻸һůů䲻϶ıѣȴҲ˿˿ů⣬üĿ΢Ӧһһʣ˼ֹɵĸо
Ժ̧ۣǰ˳жԾϵķ𾴣Ƕ˼׽
ǰľǾҲǸһĴڣϵġ
С۾Ժ׻Ŀǰĵ۾Ļ۾īɫͫ˿ΣǺƽʱˣԺס
ЩѪȵġġҵĹٳ֣ҲҪκ˵˶Է¹úˡ
û˵꣬˫λϬƽ˲Ͻ˼ļ׽ɢȥַ·ָ˻̵ģƳۣݼ˲ͬ׼ǵǰľûж죬ֻϴ˾ǿ
Դǵĵ۾ţ΢ſֳĬıˡ
̾˿ѡת˻⣺㰲һ£Ķתƻص۹ҡ
Ժһ㶣̧ۣȷ𣿡
̸£۾Ȼ࣬ſڳ˿˼ϽѯʣҲֻʾ⣬·˵˵ڶΡ
Ժ׵ͷ۾˶ԣԳֳһŵ۹Ĳͼͼһɫ򣬵۾ָǴϽ˵Ǵ˴
˵ţָɣ˲ͼļλãԺ˵оӵ˶⼸Ҫֵأ㿴Űš
Ժһ㵣˼оӶص۶ˡ
֪Ժ׵ɻثi˵ҼȻˣǽصĶͻᰲŴӵҲھнڽǴˡ
Ժԣһϲͷˣһ£Ժ׾£ߵĶԣʣϣ糣ʹö𣿡
Ŀ⿴ȥᡸšһ
ԺԣЦЦβǶѹӢܵ˻ϲһ΢΢ţ˵ȫˣǡǸ𣿡
ǾЩΪʲôŴǰ֪Ǹܳ˯
ǰ˰˰ĳ˯
ǵģǰ˾ǵ쾫˱֣۹ĵһε۾ثiڼõһֺӵ޾ԪҲ㹻ʵԸ֣޵֣ⶼǺ£ڴ˵۹֮ûãȴĪĳ˷
ֻ˯һЩ˯ʱԽԽ࣬졢궼Ѳ
ҹҽƣҽ޲ߡ
ʶ˲ԣ㽫۹Լž뿪ˡ
ȥؽĶһҸطú塣
˰һֱ˯˯ɫʱ˯ٶꡭ
˰ǰľεĶԱ֪һһֱչͻѡɿҳϵľӶԱչ
⣬Ա˸ܺõ˵ǡŴ
ǰӵ޾Ԫʵֻü֪һȥ֮ʱҲԱԱ֮ǰЩһһֱžӣҪʱαװ۾ȥĶʮԼվӵ¶Ա
ÿʱǾͻȥǰ˵Ķԣֻ֪˵ֻе۾ʹá
ȴ֪ʵܽʹãֻҪ۾ǰá
ýһöɫİָеǵ۾õǹʱ򣬰ָͻ㹻Ƕڶϣ䵱Եġءԣ״ãɢǶԾͻΪرգǶڶϵġءҲָɫָģص۾
Ȼһֱڳ˯ܸ֪һÿÿʱҲ߶öܿαװݡ
ʮǰԺӵĶԱЩҲû߹ˣÿÿἰ˶ֻ۾ںתѾôҪˣ֪ԽԽá
ǣʮȥȥˣ֪µҲֻʣǰˡ
ʱ;۾תˣҪȻ棬ʮһ㶼Ϊںת
ʮˡͼΣһԼ˾ӣԼԱչˣǴǰʱ䣬һƵͨĻֻӰ
ǵμ桭
һμ棬еĿǰˣǰ˵Ķʹõĳͨ裬Ժײһں˵ʵУȴԲŵķʣֱǰ˵ͷĲŰԭ
֮ǰǴֻͨ˵䣬۾˵ҪȥһɫѹӢ
û˵ѹӢнɫģǰҲûüԼѯǶѹӢʲôԼһ£ǼϻнɫѹӢļء
˵ɫѹӢפ١缲
缲ãԺ׳ƬʣϣܺΪǶɫѹӢ𣿡
һɫѹӢǰʲôغļϵ£һֱīɫͫ˼֣ӯ⣬ǸģᵽСˣ¶ߵβԳ˼繵ζᡸšһϢ·𶼶һ˿Ϣ
Ժɫ΢ĹŹ֣ѹӢͬƺرϲѹӢ۵Сѿɣ񿪳ѹӢǰ˼Ҳǵһʱȥ۽ǵǶѹӢ
תһ룬ϵĳ˯Ϊ˽ɫѹӢõģϲƺҲ⡣
л˵
ллĵףôôա


42 
ȥǽɫѹӢģ ҽų̱ҵ߿졣Ͻ˵΢΢˵㱻ų¼֮Թ
ثiԣ΢ҡҡͷ㲻У κξӵĶԱУ̫ˣϵϢŵܵġ
뵽ʲô˻飬 Įĵ۾ֳ︡˿˿Ц⣺ܵĿɿˡ
򣿡Ͻֳ︡ɻ ѹӢг𣿿ܣ
ĪǱ֣ǹȥйֲϵ֡
˵˵еĶܻһΥ˳ʶԣ
ԺɻǶȴͻȻһ£ ϢԺֻ֣ Ǳɳȥִһ
ԺƼϢ鸴ӣ·ϣʵ˽һЩЩӵ۾߷顣
Դ֧֧ģֻ͸¶ϢĶ˵ҪԼʵ۾
һǽɫѹӢҵˣ ǵ۾Ĳˣ ǣȥһر ˵˵Ǽʵǿһ䣬 ۾˺ر
Ǹ˭ȴôҲ˵
ڣ ֪ɫѹӢǱ۾ȥˡ۾Ĳźõģ ȴﲻ֪ Ҳر
ָ ȴһֱ˵ġϢôǱϢ
ǰĵ۾Ȼɫ˲ס˲Ժ׵ߣϢӲԺ׶ܿĴǡ
ĵ۾ǲЦģᵽѹӢʱ򡭡
ھȻи˿Ժ׶˳˺档
䣬Ժ˵۾ƮκʱҪᡣ
ԺףԳȥȥſڽһˡ
򣿡˭Ժ̧ѯʡ
۽ǴЦ˶˵һСߡ
ǼߣȥժɫѹӢҲһߡͬһ
۹ǰվ˺ܶýˣһ
֪Ժ׵ʣֿ˿ڣȥȻͻᶮһˡ
ԺüȴҲûٶʣĳȥˡ
Ҷ۹ʱ򣬵۹˺ܶ˻кܶľӵĶԱЩɱϢҶӣŲǧء
ҲܲӦ
۹ǽڵ۶λãרŸ۾סͰ칫ĵط۹ܴ󣬾һСǱɫǳɫģߣΪ˺ܳһʱˣԵùׯϣ۹ĵ۾ʱڣƽʱ˿Ҳ׼˽ȥģ˺١
٣ö֮Եɭ
۾Ǳһĵ۹ȻˣĶĸһľӶԱԳ˼ֿɲ
۹ǰǹõĵطϽ۹յ뿪Ժ⴦ͽ˷⣬˿ЩطվһЩýˣЩ˲ҿżеҲͲΡΡĵݸһܵĻˡ
ţССһҶСҶҪֱȥݷ𣿲ȻҲдȽݰɡ
Ҷԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ǻѾ˺ܶˣдĲһͻᱻӿ
뵽ӣҶȻ˼һصĽ̤ǵ۹ǰ¥ݡ
¥ݲ˵̣ܶҶܾһô
ǰ߶ĹУƺϳ
Ҷ
ɷƽܵҶ¹ֵڲԱ˵ڸղݽݵĲɷø壡
ѽɷϽ
̫ܱɷõɣ
ɡҶ
ƺҲЩؿ˿¥˲֪ʱעҶϣôߡ֪Щע⵽ĽҶΪ˿̾ҶҲ߷ΧڣҲܵ˽š
ôˣҪǱܾˡɶˡ
Щ⣬ȥҶȴһ˼ǰߣЩ۵ĲԼĿҲԼ޹һ
Ϊ˼ߵ̬
𾴣ȫǶҶľ塣
Ҷɲ֪뷨˿ֻһͷҪôܼأ
ûð취Ѿſڣиװľסǵȥ·
ǰ۹ֹ˵Ƚ롣˾º͵˵ΪϹ࣬ǱһҪԵס
Ҷյĵ۹ߣҧҧ˵ҡ
˶٣Ҷ˵Ͻ
Ǿʣ骡㽫ʲôݷϽȵݽ
ǾָҶȥԱ߽ܰĻˡ
Ҷҡͷ˵ҿԲݽֱӽȥҡɷ
ǾԣĿҶһۣǾҶçײһЦЦҡҡͷȻǲԵġ
˶˵ңϽýɷãذɡ
վ·ţգһЩ˵һЩڿĻ
Ȼأ˼ҲǴδζܳɹġ
ֱӽȥ֮ǰɷ̫˳ˣʼ˰ɡ
ﲻͷЩһۣȴҲЩѿ΢ҶҶûᣬ룬﷭һԼƬǾݣƬҸ˵һ˵Ƭϵҵġ
˶٣ڿ²ϵֲһ䣺飬࿴ͼˡ
򣿡ǾüʲôƬܿȻӼô
ˣϽߡЩͣҲʼˣľˣ֮ǰΪԵú˵һЩ˿һǹɱֳ֮ˡ
Ҷӣõ۹洫
ô£
Ҷ̧ۣͼǿӴ˳Ӣòֵɫ̫ͫɫ˿ȴû¶ȣԱǶѹӢ۽΢ţ˵
ҶĿΪѾ裬˿̿ӣյ翴İ˵񣬱ǼȴǷ
ԺһžͿҶŲ΢һ٣üĿ΢˲ڻôô׷ˣ
Īһ׽֮ǰڻʱһͷƣֱദ˵ĳͨĶȺҶҲҲûκĵط
ҲǼô
Ժ΢ǰٲǰʣߣ
Ҷ䷢ɬֻͷ
ǵͷģӦ˵С̧Լ˲䣬峺ͬȪˮһ㣬ֱ
Ժͷ΢һ̣˵۾˼ȥȻһˡ
ȷʵˡ
ǰˡ
ǳڽأλܱߵѾٻɾһ˿˽ˣһ㳤ͨڻ켣ȺҲܱһ
۾Ҫӵˡ
Ҷ˵ҽȥɡ
Ҷ۾һˮ˲ӯϲԲرϲͨ鶯ҲԳ˼ֺÿԺײɶ࿴ۣǰͷҶæϡ
һΣŵľûˡ
˾㵲ѣᶼ˷Ӧ̧ҪϣǶӰѾˣŵľҲȥˡ
Σ㶵¥ݡ
ʼûףСҶôͻȻȥɷϽˡϽԳȥġ
л˵
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43 
һ½ݣкöΧѯҶģ֪Ҳֻ࣬˵һЩ˵ģЩˡ
һ½ݣ кöΧѯҶģ֪Ҳ࣬ ֻ˵һЩ˵ģЩ̸ϵʽڽϵʽ֮ Ƭ
һ ǸղϽҶȥʱ͵ġ
ƬҶϽ
룬е˹˾Ⱥ Ƭ˳ȥ˲֣ ְдһ仰ȥСҶѾݷõϽˣڸϽ˵۹ɷˣ
ֽյϢʱںˮһˮһûȫ˳
㿪ƬŴ˿ ˺ü飬 Ǽһѣ̶ֶʱѾкöƪˣ ҶȥɷϽı
ýһ飬ʵʼߣ ţ ҶļϽˣ Ͻ۹ȥˣ ˵ڲɷá
˸ʲôѽ
ڰ칫ϵZЩ Щ˰æȥݷϽһҪɷõϽҪˡ
ֻҪӮˡ
Ȼ߻æϵЩûϵ꣬ȺϢ˵ҶϽƬΪ֤ΪȵǣϽ˵۹˲ɷã
ȫˣȷµʵ˴ʱ˿̣Ųò˵
ܿ죬Ⱥ֪ͨǲԷġ
@
Ըķ䣬Լʵݴְɡ
ɫҰ׵ĹصͨѶ̾˿Ű칫һУǰܵɿ߬֡
ַϢϵᣬúõҶһҪȵҶһ°Ҫ֤Ҷ͵ҡ
ôɵҪúûš
ᣬϲʤĴݵϵʽϢ
ͼƬܣû뵽ɣĲɷø廹ǵˣѽ̫˫ˣҪɷôԸ⣬Сɷôʹ죬Сôķϣԭ˫ˡ
ĩˣᷢƬȥַ˸ýıӡ
ʾæµУͨѶƺǿ˷ģʽ
ݹصģʽϢʱѾӽ°ˡ
æ绰ȷ飬һ֪ͨƽܣٵ۹ϡ
Ҷһ·ŲԺף˵ĽŲʼտ벽ıӰֱ˧ıӰЩᣬɽַͱϵĶɣһҶ￴ĶεӰֻ
ֻа벽ľ룬ȴʼղ߲һȥϵӰӶƽšƽšԽԽԶ
䣬ǰƿһţ
һ칫ң˰칫нӴ˵ɳͲߣԺ׽ţȥǵ۾ȴֻƼյġ
һ㶣һΧҵſˣֻ˲͸ӣһˡ
רſٳϢң߲ע⿴ˣȴԽһ
΢۾˽ӹԼȴҡ
ĵ۾˰֣˼ԣҪӴߣ롣
ԺüͷҪӴֲ죬ôӴ
عȴǼߴվһ˵һ䣺
˵ţԼҲȡ˾ñɳϣ̧۴ߡ
Ҷգգۣӣȡ˾ñɫ鷢ˣͷϣ˼ָղûе˧ɫ۰ڴǶѹӢ˳β˷ֹ죬ĿɳϣǺˣȴǿѹסȫ
޳֫ǲھװҲܸܵõıźöҶʶҲвʶģڵƹ·Ĺ⣬ƺʱضҪҶ
ҶʿˮӸôѹȸУСŲ£Ĵ˿
ӵϢоһȫλĶȫϸȥѰȴʲôܲ
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˶Ҷ̲סȳ
˵ϽãǼҶ
ҲĸףСĲ䡣
šϽӦһƺѹͶǰ˽ʲôһȤûС
Ӧ˳õĳĬҶһӲͷƤǣϽǿʼɷðɣ
ˣӸƽܲһ֪ԼǱֻ֣ôݣϲԼԱţҪľҪ˽˽Աֵ̬ȡദҲڽϣɷʵġ
ɷãû뵽ȴ˿м¶͸¶ſܣҴӲܲɷá
Ҷ㣬üӦˡ
򣿡Ժײ⣺ʲôʱӦˣ
ҶͷݷΪ˲ɷ㣬ҽǴӦѽ
ʲô߼Ȼһʱ޷
Ժ׷꣬һͷ˵ûӦ㣬ܲɷá
㡭ˣ˸˵仰ҶķǱϾֲӣͻ׽УҲܸܵʵиô˵ҲˣǰԵȻĺܡ
һеˣӱϾƽܺݣô˵ܹˡ
Ȼɫˣı˲Į۹תɨӹҶ﷭ӿһ˿Σ˵ʲô
ʣ˵ҪỺһЩȴƮвϢ
Ҷָڣ촽΢ལ˺üȣЩί˵૵ζ˵ǲɷãǡʲôأ
һʣϽסˣԵȥŵˣȴЦһϢ磬оͶһ
ϽˣǶԷ缫ΪеҶȻҲ֪ˣ˲ֱٴĴ̽
Ͻ΢죬û뵽߶ôá
ţҵ΢΢ʾ⣬ʾӦǰˡ
Ժüͷܲɷáҵȴ
鲻ԸӣЭһ㱳ɳʳָ棬һвȵģаɣɷðɡ
ָϵҶע⣬Ҷһ̧۾ͼǿӴӦȻϴŲͷ벻Ը˿ڣ
Ҷͷ΢ϲ̽Ը˻ֻǰӡ
ӱҪѺõĶ࣡
ϻ
ҶٵĴԣҵԼƽʱļУҲڳרҵ̬ȣɤӿ˿ڣõģϽڿʼˣ˿Ǳɷߣǲɷߣ𣬺𣿡
Ժüͣʡ
ҶԣԼƽʼǵļ⣬Щרҵȴ׽Ӳû̫洦룬ĿЩſգԺ﷭ĵ׵Щʣٵɸѡš
·ϣ԰Ͻϲһ飬û̫õϢ϶Ͻļ֮٣ֻ֪޸ĸ۾Ψһ׽ˡ
˼ˣҶ򵥵⡣
Ͻϲʲôѽ
Ժüͷ΢΢Ĳ⣬׳ˣࡣ
ϲʲôأ
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ϲȥأ
ԺüͷĲԽӵԣûбɷùҲٿ˵ĲɷãҲ֪ݵĲɷãᵥһЩϲõɡ
ţҶֲõĳȥ𣿡
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44 
Ҷסˣ֮ǰһֱڽأڳˣһ
Ҷסˣ ֮ǰһֱڽأڳˣһǧ֮ģ
Ҷһ˵û£ Ҳûôȥ죬һȥ
ݺƽܣĬĬţ ʣƽʱЩʲôأ
Ͻһ ķ·˼ޣ۹ɨңīɫֽĶ ʱú۾ҪӼߵģ ΪʲôԼﱻɷãҪԼһ͵Ĳɷá
ôţײڵ۾Ƥ¸£ܰ㿪ڣؽءԷ˯ɹ̫顭
ɹ̫
Ҷ΢Ȼӣ ѹӢϲɹ̫
̶ʱ Ҷʵⶼ˱飬ǿⱻ⡭
Ҷ̧ȥϽ ǾЩģѾŹǷ˯ˣ ͻȻ ΢ ǿʲô ˲ֱ Ҷ˹ȥֻһζӣ͸ԼԿ棬ƺһϢңϢǿյģҶ΢˼
ˣҲˣҲ°ˡ
֮ʣϽƮ˹Ҷһ㶣æջ˼ȥϽѾվϵĲͳײˣǳɫͫΪ˼ֻ
Ҷæ˵һûꡣ
ϽǴŻɨµӬҶصԣִٵĸվϽȻһҶģˣҶָڣҧҧϽһһ⡣
˵ţûϽܾͷɿĳ
ΪϽֵľӣôأڻб֡
Ļû˵꣬ҶͿϽ͵ת񼢶õ޶һ㣬ۿͨ죬ȫǲɱϢӼӿʼӾһֱ䣬ǴŵĮ룬ĸԼ˵ĽӴԵģǵУʱ׼ˡ
ҶǶΣռĸ֪ϸܵΣգıӣŵ׶ܳϸϸĸ룬ЩҪʱԴ⸱ٵ
ǰӡҶָ߬ڣЬĽֺѹѹ棬ѹ궯ѵĸ룬վǴ
ϡϽһڣŷЩˡ
һ죬ǳһ߹𣬼Ȯݾ¶ںĴ䣬䣬˿ǿ˺Ұһ㣺ô֣
ǰֻǿ粽߶޳ĳȶ£ȴ·ڵζ
ҶסˣһˣȴƣƵҶ˵ǽڴ޿ˣֻܱԺǽ֮䡣
ԱߵǽͻȻ˾죬Ҷͷһһȭǽϣҳ˺ôһӡ
Ҷͫһ£ʿˮǹɱŰϢ̼ͷƤʼˡ
ô£ôоǱһˡ
ӡÿ¡
Ҷֲ꣬˿̾Լ˺µ
ǰӣӴ˿Լյļ룬ҶԺĿ۵ѹӢȫŵģʽɫëŭţ۴ıࡣ
ջԱߵ֣ǽϵĿӻ৵ĵĩкⲻ·ŨѪζ
ҵĴ𰸡
˵ţ۾ĶҶ͸ĳԹ޵飺б֣һҳǵĽǡǵ֫ʣµһһһɱƬ͹ըըִ࣬һһ飡
˵⻰ʱЩ־Ĵǳݼҧļ˼ء
źϵĴġһֻѪҰޣȳĿˮ¶ԼȫݺצʱҪҶղŻЩԸֵֶȫҶϡ
ҶŵıſŲȥ
С¼ΪƣۿɼĶ/˵ľܺܺõĸܵǰ˵Ŀ־塣
־塭߸ֵ⣬ȴûýһ׼
Ժ¶мɪӸСļߣΪƲϡ
Ժĵ׶Щø֮ɢȥſŲ΢ģСġ
ŲſڣŤžߣǻͷСдĳԺĪ÷ۣ꣬˶Ĳɴ࣬ӵĳڳ׺ݵģ
ͻȻǰҶһСһָһžͱŤˣһûע⣬ڹԵȥ
󾪣֦ܵ¶һЩ쵽·Ҫס壬ͻȻһůĻӱһɫ硣
Ҷһ㶣æЩ̧֦ͷأȻһ˫īɫ̶ۣ˿Ķ
ô壬˫۾ĳħ˵ĹעҶôһʱŲۣȴڴ˿ĸۡ
ǰˣƽòزס鶯˫峺ۣźµ˵ʱȴͨ͸ľʯĵܡ
˫ˣͺǲõܶȥĿ͸ˣܿƵָס˫ۣȴ˽Ĺ켣ģֱļ䣬ǿʧȥ˻ิհഺϢ
ǰһƬڰҶֻһܵͳ£ûκ˺㡣
ȻͳᣬȪϴҶҵ˼ϴȫǰδеİ
ҶͻȻ
ֵݲûб¶غ¡
˵ֻ֮ǰ֣
ңӻ׼Ͼ־ӵϽܶԱѺãģ׼ԲŻġ
ֻǣû뵽ӻʹޱֵز
һ¶ܸ˸һ㡭
Ҷͷһܡ
𵱳ֲģʱڴСĻӵġ
ӱʹޱֵĴڡ
ԼǱְ
Ҷֻ䣬Ĵ
СĵĻˣ̧һԱߴ͵ϽԺףīɫͫѵõϽջƺҪסʲô֣㵵ĶǰˣҪڵѵڽյϤԼ󴦵ĶԺأȻɴۡ
ǡϡ
Ͻ㵣δ۾ò˿̲ŷ֣ᣬƺȥݣŨīͷͷϣʱҪ˳Ķ࣬˳ĺ£˿̴ѩ׵޳һʱŵľһӡ
ʱʱһһ۵ͷ
ԼҪѯֵµġ֪ǾӸƲ֣һ뵽־͡ⲻܹŻˡ
ϽĬĬĻأվһ䷴Ļû˵ڣǿ˴һԲ
§Ҷܵ˲΢ͻȻ΢ʪ̧֣ͼ峺ӯˮЩ͸ˮ໬˷䡣
ͷ΢˻ڻûˣޣҴȥĵط
л˵
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45 
˵ţ
ҶԵȦסĲ񣬵һʱͷȥԺףˡ
˵ţ 
ҶԵȦסĲ񣬵һʱͷȥԺף ȴ񿴼ʲô˼һ㣬վԭأҶĿŲԺףˮ ˺Ŀ
Ҫϣ ôӳ顣
ֱ뿪ߣҶŲԼĴ ƺӿС֣΢΢˵ߣ ͳɤ΢ľ棺𶯡
Ҷüӷôһ⣬ЩûֲֹĲ붯ˣ ̧ۿӡ
ŷ֣ ǰӱκһӶҪӢŨīĶ̷ ٣˫۾
ѹӢ֣ Լ̬ͼΪ ̬òһһģ ˵òѹӢֻҪã ľϲֵ̳չʾƷ ඼
ҶЩʧĿţ·ܵȣȲκвԣûдǰϸܵκΣա
Ҷ룬ɴͷɵİ˵Ļ˭ѽ
ʣȴŲɺӵƣ룬˽Ų΢٣һӣ˷ϣ㿴ء
Ӵ󷽷ͷҪҶӣϸ΢˸ڴӡ
ôʣѵˣ
Ҷ˼ۣɵҡҡͷ
ԭҶļУʶǰˡ
ӼҶҡͷɲǼʧ䣬ǷʧӰʧȥĹʣһ˲ָֻ˳ʼģ֮ǰǷʧǲֻ߱￴Ľ䡭
ҶûвЩڱղǿǣֻҪΧԺĶʹޱֵģ
ʹҶƣ룬˿ûݵľҲûкຮѽ̸˼վ˵˭ոлл㣬Ҫȥˡ
˵ţԽߣŲ鸡ȴǸղű֮ûʲôŤŤģӻӲܸӦֲֲ꣬ȴܸӦӡֻҪ㹻ľ£ӵ״̬ɿӰֲꡣ
ղԺ׿ļܸܵǹĺ⣬ɺӣͷޱȣ˿ҪҸطú˯һԼӵĸŲڸԼֲɸ
ԽôţҶԽżȥ߿ȴϣһ򣬾Ҫˤһֱעˣһ̣˻ȴָղŻǿˣ˿ȴ۾ڵ͵͵ૣҪȥСỹҡСܺҲڼҵҡ
ŴֻСèڹ棬ֵţվֱʮָȴûʲôɹֺҵŰѹţȵèķצӣ˵ţȵԳȵ˱ĸһͿֻ뽫ǰȦڻúõһףһࡣ
ӿƵָڣĽַļ򴦣ƣԣ˯һᡣ
ԺֻһܺҪ˯ᣬҶ֪Լ˵ĻֻطúܰģֲбһԴԴϵĴ⴦ݵϣ˿˿ůͼľǵס˯⡣
̧ͷȥǸ֮ʼȴֻһӰӣĪӰӺϤȴôҲ벻ԺУڿס˯˹ȥ
Ӽ״˱𣬴䣬˴ϣΪҴҴӣ˴ߡ
̧֣Ҫϵˣȴھ˼֮סˣָ˲˻ȥͷϸϸĿǰˣú棬˵ӡ
ͻȻ߶һӰ˵ǰʳָһ´ʾȴʼû뿪Ҷ
һ㶣һԣȴɵƬ̣߳ЩˣŲ΢ŲҪǰȴڽߴӴϵϳվżĲһˣʾϡ
õţһ䷿û˵ѹ͵ʹ
˵ɡ
΢۾ô֪ƽ˵۹
ͷȴƼǶ΢΢ţоҶͨѶϢʾ
ˣæͷӦǣȴûŲŲ۾ӲͷƤ˵ϣϽ
š۾˺üȣ˲ĬĬˡ
⣬Ժ׿ǽ߶վӭȥô
˲ԺһۣΣš
ţû˵ֻǵšȵȶá
Ժ΢㵣ҡҡͷתˡ
ƽڵ۹ſǻѾ찵ˣǽȥֲȴûг
Ѿö˴򷢻ȥˣҲãֲͨѶһֱһֱͨոһ˲ֲĺ£ƺվָܿоʧˣֲǰȫˡ˿̸ֺʵĸоֲܵ˺ܺõĶԴ
ɼˣҲǵģǶˡ
Ȼ׼ֲеӣ۹߳һˡ
װƺһ߼٣ߵſڣſڵľ˶Ҫ
ǰǿ³һĨ΢Ц˵λ۾롣
ƽܶһۣЩ죬˽˵۹
۹ܴ󣬺ܿտŲڵϲȳ̤죬ԺվſڣһֱȽյŴ򿪣ͻȻ˺üŲɻ̧ͷͼ˴һ
ԺǶˣߵͫ࿡Щ߰ұߵĴ˹ĵı߿۾ŵ壬ò˧ҲͨԺţұߵϡ
˵һһӵеĶݵѡ
ۣĩˣ˻ͷԱߵקһջߡ
ԺװС͡һԼ۽ǵѹӢǶ˴ǿѹӢֹ֣뿴ֲҿ
ô꣬ˣΨһѰܸܵ׽ĳ˵۾ǺܾǰǸݵѡ
ڷֶһ
ֻһԺСµɪɪģɫ
һŸ֮ǰǸһᱻܰɣ˵۾û˻ĸ׽
Գ˵۾Ҳֵϡ
ݺƽܱһң˴£ΪǶ˲ˮ뿪ˡ
ûãһİӴһ˽Ǹǳӣ󴦴ǶɫƵԣ֮ǰ˶Ѱ۾ֳƬмǶԡ
ǰǵ۾ᡭ
ĳԵرĹīɫͫŨīͷԳͷһü䣬Եҡȴʵ£Գ˼Ϣ
߳򵥵ĶĿÿһǹСѬնǡ
ݺƽվ̧ţʾһӣ
£ⱾЩλˣκ˶
л˵
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46 
˾ͼ򵥵 ΪλߵȻȻ¶ƫҪӣټƽ» ·ŸοĵãĪİָͷƿȫ֡
ۼŶ£ һ㣬 Զӣƽܡ
ƽ̧ۣӵ䵽Աº͵ϣݡ
̧ۣ Ľƽܶһ࣬ ºͻһϡ
ᡸšһƽȴҲóȡ
򴽣۾Ҫƽ׽һЩ룬 󵨵Ŀ˿ڣҺƽðȻݷΪˡ
֪ ΪһСߡû˵꣬λĵ۾ʹ ˶ԡ
ϳֳԱ߻һɫ̾ŵϢضԱ389ĴϢ
ƽܵģ ԻҶ
˿̣ ʾźܶϢ ÿһѯҶڵغͨѶôͨġ
ÿһǰ涼ųƺ էһȥ ݺƽֻĻġСְ֡͡
ƽü۾ôػǵϢֲǴͨͨѶ
۹ķɿȷ˲κֶȡ˽Ϣģ
ƽܿ˵֪סˡ
۾ǵһε۾ĺǵһε۾ǾĴڣҲǽ۹ĴڣڵǼʷĴʼˣΪһε۾ĺߣ۹ģ˵ڲǽػϢˣ޸ǼʷҲûκ˻˵ֵġ
̸ǼʷַӾܸĵ
ǡҶĹϵû֮ڣҶϢ仹ûиĹ۾˿ȴǵĳƺ
ͨ˿ǲģΪͨ˶ҲɻǵĹϵѣִҲѹ۾֪ˡ۾ɲͬѰ˼ǻȱ˶Ҳȫ桭˶롭Щʲô
ܾҪһźãԵ۾Ϳɲ⡭
ڷٵתǧֽԺš
һȫĽڣ˭֪һ̧۾ײǵ۾˫ۣһ˫رӣɫ񻯲ŨīܣЩܻһŶеܣöӵ˲ĽԼܺޱĺг
ſڣѿڶ࡭
ȴڽҪͷֹסˣֻ߰ĽȴѾ˵˳ȥ
Ҷʵʧɢףǹ¶ǺڻûԣϢˡ
˵Ȼѣ̫㣬κ˶ļٻҧҧԼͷЩյ˴ûٿڡ
Ŷȴû뵽λĵ۾˻Ȼ
һ㶣̧ȥǵ۾ȴ°ͣŰݡ
ģһλܿ͸еʿʲô֪
ʲô֪ôȫûз˼Ӧһ
ɫЩŹ֡
֮ʣݿǵ۾˶ЩϢ¼ҹ˴£ǱĽһ
ΣݼˣǴ˿ġ
ǵ۾һΪҶˣ̸һᣬǹҶġ
ֻ죬ȴʼղҶյҪѯ֮ʣͻȻ˶ԣ˺üĽ棬ûһᣬֳһ֤Ҷġ
һ㶣ͼ֤ǵǰһҶ֤ĳڴѾˡ
Ĵʮ֮꣬ǰݾĵڡҲǿԵǰְ֡Сڡ
ͷһ𣬿˵۾
ĵ۾öԸһֱĵĶңݵǰ
ô£
ƽͷ΢ţڰקקݣüϢҲЩ
ѡɺϻΪ֮
Ϊ֮ε֪ġ걻ǾԺһݼٵϢϢһֱǲ˵ҡ
ѵұ¶ˣ
ܣ鶼ΥǼʷģǵ۾֪ˣͲܲ鷳
ɺϡ
񣬿˵ڰллˡ
ڰǣлλĵ۾ڣŶ˵ġ
һֱ壬˾衣
۾˵СЩԨԴ
˶٣۾˼֣ȴƺſƵζѡ
ѣ
Уδȵ۾˵꣬ƽܾͼҴҵľܾǲܷΰְָΣĵ۾ѣ
۾Ƴƽһۣæƽܣ˵ҵܵܵ˼˵£ǲС
۾ԣĿһ˵ҲΪ
һ㶣۾˵ԣҵܼ򵥣ڿʼСκξǶҪˡ
סˡ
ԭҪ𡭡
ƽ˿ҪԣôԽܡ
ְľǲ룬ʵҶľƽҲٲġ
İְֺܴϻۣϵ۾ΪֻҪǲְܸˣʵְֱ֪ݺ󣬺ܿܵı˭졭
ƽ˿ڣá
ݣԡ
ͬʱ֣ƽˣݻͷȥƽܣƽüҲԼĸΪʲôҪܾ
λĵ۾ԣüͷ΢΢΢αϣͷ΢ָ࣬ڳ̫ѨǳǳĿŶˣڹ۲ڵȴ
ȴͳһ
ݵƽһۣʾƽͷ۾˵κξΧ̫㡣
κζְĿɲǡѡôһԵĶҲܿܲǰˣˣԺס
Сϵ֪ǰ˵ܻ֮㣬ԵǲԺأǿصأԼİȫΪλݲȷҪܴӦ
㡣۾ǳɫĴ΢΢³֣˵㸸ףһˣ϶ҪԼµģΪӣʵò룬Т˳ײǶӸġ
λĵ۾˵ţƽ糣˫ɫͫмЩĲڲݶҶ̫ࡣ
ǼҲТκ¶ҧɿڡ
۾üͷ΢壬΢̾۹˶ûж⣬Ժס
·ĳ˵ݡ
λĵ۾Ժף΢
ֱ׵ƽ̲סˣ˵ְɷòԺ׶۹ģ˵۹ûгȥҶ˵ôãȴ涼ţôţû⣿
۾ԣ˶ԣվ֮ǰ߹ǲ࣬ǲһţŤ˿˵ߡ
æվ˹ȥ۾ѹ˵˯ˣǶЩ
˽Ųһ٣ɫЩŹ֣ܾںǸҶ׽ˣǣ׶˶Ҷ˽Ų
߹ȥ֣һңǵһϵ˴˿̾˯ڴϣ˯ó˯ĺ
ƽܺݶһֲۣԻУ˯˺õģһúܰĵĵط
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ֻǲְְֱ˻жϵġ


47 
ֻǣƺ˼ɣԣҲó򴽣ָڣֵҡҡͷ
ֻǣ ƺ˼ɣԣҲó
򴽣 ָڣֵҡҡͷ˵С
㱣֤СİȫһСΪ׽̬ӦСҪ˵Ĵ ܴӦ
۾ֳ︡һ˿΢ɼĲͣ ݷڤ粻顭
ֱʳָָ΢ָָ⣬˻ ԳҲ޷Ҳֻ֪ǰˡ
򣿡ü
λĵ۾˵У 㻻˾ߡ
üĿ΢ֳ˼Ϊλ˵һΪε֪ĵСߵģ
ƽסˣͫһ¡
ҡ±¶Ĵڡ
֮ǰǲ²ɺϡȴԭȻǱ¶ˣ
Ϊλôƽ͵˵
ңȻƽʵܸܵõ۾ǵĸġ
ԭΪΪطǼʺڣ ۾Ż㣬 ɴ˿̵Ҷ¶ˡ۾ô£ΥǼʷ˰
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Ժҵֳֻ۾Ǿ仰Сѡ
ƽҡ
Ҫ۾ЩȫֻΪ˸ְѣ
鸴ӵĿŵ۾ ۾󷽷ӡ
ǷʤľŻǰ˿ʲô֪
֪ǺҶĹϵ ֪ң ֪צ ֪ܿǵݡ
˱ڼֻһһ¼
ǰʱͲ۹йڱֵϣ ¼ĹڱǶʱڵʷʵ֡
ֲҪ࣬ Σ󣬱͸ΪһѵҪÿ˶ֵ֪Σźã¼ǶʷֻһԸ˱ֲ࣬ûкϸµʱĵڹģֶɵ˺һ
ֵĹҲǣֻ¼˵۾˾˱֣Ҳ֪ȱʧľ˴ɾһ֡
Ǽϴ඼ڸ̵۾;ӣӢһնɱԸĴȴֲֻᡭ
ᡭһֶɵĸӰ죬һߴѾˡ
һǼȻֿ֪£οºܶ˾ͻὥĲ֪ˣңǱʶΪѾˣˡ
ټϸ̵۾;ӵ˶ΪֻҪе۾;ھͲκ顣
ʱһãǼڳ˶Ե۾;֮⣬Աֵ޾ȫûеˣʱ󲿷ֵ˶Աûиоġ
;Ҳܿɣʲô˲ԸʹЩһڿǼʵڡ
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뷨ЩڷˣֻŶͷƤ
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ЩԸͬˡ
֮ǰ۾Ҫ⣬൱ڡѣ԰һЩ项ڳ»һǵĵҡ
ҵʿɶˣΥǼʷģշݶҪץXģ۾۹ľ֪ȴǡ
زֻΪôһСҪ󡭡
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ǲܴӦƽ뿪ڷڣݺ͵۾·Ѿʹ´Э飬ٿѾûˣƽ˴üЩա
˵ҲҪǲСҲԣ˵СǴˣ¸ԼǿСԸ£Ҳһ˿һĲһ鶼Ը
۾üӦˣ΢Ĳ죬ǰĵ۾ƺ׼һ
λ۾˵СЩԨԴǰĵ۾ŵģԨԴ򵥡
ң۾䣬ԨԴϰɡ
ɴûС˵ʲôԨԴ
ֻС
ЩǣС̬ûб¶ɣ
ڸ˯ŵҶ˯ŵģԭҶģ԰ġ
ǴԼûеİɡ
ɫݿڳ۾˵С
˯ڴ˴ɡ۾ݣֲһ䣺Ȼ˯ˣҲ˾Ҫڴ˴ģǱ㲻Ҫˡ
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λĵ۾ԣ΢΢˼֣СʱĲΪϲ
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СͯԼһʱֻ棬ڼѰǽСͯҪܸԼľˡֻҪӦʹȥԼľֻǴˣҲͲ֮ˡ
˸ղżûϳȴ֪ԼСʱԺòֻвԺ׸
ǰ˾ǲԺ׵ľ۾ǲԺ׵ľǵĹϵ˵Ľܡ
ݰѹǻоİӿĿ⸴ӵĵ۾
ʱǲԺ׵ľˣʱܵ׵ˣѾʮȥˣӦóΪˣǰĵ۾˵ᡭ
ɤ˵Ȼ֪ҸСʱ£͸֪ҺʵԸ
˵꣬ݲ۾ڣתˣƽæϡ
뿪ߣǡſڿ˲Ժף΢һ٣ԺףûٿԺһۣƽԽ뿪ԺգһۣɫԽӵı䣬ָĵ߬ˡ
˵ô죬ԭ
İһԽ뿪Ժ˴°̧ͷһߵǽڣȵ۾ټ
ϳ糣βѹӢɥһ΢´š
л˵
ллĵףôôôա


48 
߳˵۹ƽܲŷקסݣﲻסʣ磬ǾôѰְˣơ
߳˵۹ ƽܲŷקסݣﲻסʣ磬ǾôѰְˣ
ݻͷǵƽܣ ƽܼææ˵ǵ۾ǰǸǷǵĵ˵ҪЩ˵ʵôĻǾֻΪ˸ְѣ
ƽ˵ţҧҲš
żģԭ߰ĵܵܶ˷ݼ꣬˳ըһЩ ֻɵĲ˹è װͰ͵ĳԼУţһЦˡ
ƽһ㶣 ü粻磡ʲôʱˣ
ֹסЦ һװ㻹˵Ӧô죿
ҡƽҭסˣС죬űԹζû뵽
εƽܣ 
ֻ֪ϷôᶮЩƣ Ҳ̳˶꣬ŵһʱ侯
ֻ˵ ۾б
бôмܵסġ
˼ˣ ˵Σ ҶӦ Ҳıʲô
Ӧ ԼҪ ͱЩ
ǲܲҶľǵ۾Ҳܡ֮ΣȫҶԸѾǲĽˡ
ƽܽ˽ָڣ˵ĸо
ƽܴͫ˼֣һֱ߰˾Ҳ˼
ţСĵܵܣ˵Ҳ̫ģ˵۾ǵĶ档
㹻ǰˣƽţȴֳɻ󣺡ôжϵ۾ͲǵĶˣ
ΪǵһǸıء
֪ƽ룬˵ԼЩ뷨ʱȷҲ˵ԸȥţڳҲ޼ƿʩ˲𣿡
ƽԣĬ
ݿƽ˵ңܸСǵ۹˯ţܶԵ۾˵ǵ۾ֵһŵġ
˵˵ţ̵϶˼ֽթҸ۾ԼСҲܸ棬СҪǣȻҲֹС֮᲻ǣ
ƽһ
ˣǴְֻ֣߰Ҫְ϶ǡ
ݼ״ٲ˵߰ɣȻؼҡ
ȵȡ
ԴһǰͻȻһӰһ˼˵ƽܵߣſǴǽȥ٣۾ӿʣٻʲô𣿡
ԣ˵ϣҴ仰λ
򣿡ƽܴ˿ҲɫЩŹ֣ӲͷƤĿڣ˵״Ҫõġ
ʵ⻰ӹתһЩģǾ˵ĸ
ˣҲ˶ɫڣȳ֪ˡ
˵ţԽߣһסȥ·ɻĿ˵ϣλҥ
˵ţڶ˴㵵Ŀ£ԣϻȻֵľЩҸȼݻûʱѹȥš
˶ԵúܼǶ˲ҥͲ뿪һ
ü룬ԣȷҶȷʵѾˣԼǼ˺ŷϢ
@-ҶҺãҸҽһ£λҵСġ
ָ΢΢˵ͷƽܣƽܼ״æԼǼ˺ţתݵϢҲϢ
@-ҶҺãҸҽһ£λҵİְ֣ġ
ţ΢΢ףÿ˽Ų
뿪Ȼ˻˵۹
˻س̵ĳϣƣüģ͵۾һܷѾ飬΢ע͵ˣ΢עͱˡ
ƽԱţɫΪѣοſҭסˣƲԥģת˵ʲô˵ɡ
ƽҧҧ˵Ժס
硣ݾ
ƽĹһ£ɫЩڣⲻǻиôղô䵭
ԣɫ˳Ҳ䵭ϵˣ
һ˾ͶܳĬ
ǿӰ˰֣ʧȥѹӢ֮еϵֲ궼ϲˡ
£ֲ겻ýܣ˵ҲЩӰ졣
ݶԣ䲻ȴҲһʱѣһʱãģǶӡޡ
΢ƽܲϲͳģæ˵ˣˡ
Ȼȥú˯һȰְֻ˵ƽ˵
ܵᵽҶݲչüĿӦһ
ڸղΪ˺͵۾úý˶Ե˾˿̶˶ûע󴦵һֱ˸˶ǣΪǷϢѾϷ˽ͣ˾ˡ
Ҷ&ݡҶ&ƽܵĹϵһӾͰռǼװ񡭡
һּӰӵľԪˢһǼϢɫˣ˵ƽҶ˷Χͺ֣ԭȻӣ˼Ҷӵ۸ӣܵõɷû͹ˣֲȴû˾תˣ
ҶôԪæ֮ǰ˾ְ¼ѯҶϢǼ¼ϺϢϵ䡭ȷʵܵƽܵĸףֻǣǹ˾֮ǰôԱ˵Ҷƭ˴Ӷûע⿴䣿
ƽܵǰݼƸϢͻȻѵϢʱˣƽݺҶȻǸӣݺġС桸ݼ˲ɫ࣬ʲôƽǰ˵һԣҪƽܳϵڮƽܵİְ֡ݼͻȻһ㶼ԩʧҵ˭ʧҵ
ʱƽΪʲôֱӳҶǰְأңǵõʱѼҶϢǵú䲻ƽܵİְֵģôῴҲ񰡣ݼæȥûɾЩҶϢȷȷʵʵƽܴʮꡭְֵܵ͡˼ˣ
Թ˾ֵǰ̨ͻȻյ˾ȺϢˡ
æԱߵһ𿴣ԴӶԷп˲ţ֮ǰµǸ˾Ȼܵףֲô׽ҶȴԤԼûУҪӵȻԤԼˣֲ쿴ǵôĲƣĸܺɫȥҲֲܻǻͲɴǡɲýʲô񡭡ڼǧ˵ǰ̨һλԼ˵
ͬʱɻҶôᣬһǰ̨ǲҶϵģɲǵҶô֮ͣǰĲѯ¼ȴȷȷʵʵ㹻ܸ׵䡭
ʰ׼뿪¹ֹ˾ͻȻϢסˡ
ҶȻݡƽܵףֲܲɷõˡһɥжϢУ˼ʹϵУȫûƳǵĹϵҶǰⲻ֪һʼˣûôӣҶҲ̫ˡüȥҶϣȷȷʵʵ㹻˵ĸˡ
ڼյ׼ҹϢˣһƽܡݵϢ
΢һ㶣ݺƽֵܶܰЩȴֺƲô졭
ݴ̸£ƽ־ʹûдݻ֪иܵܣȦԲ²ƽܣûҲûʡ
ͬʱҶȡ
ҶݾȻģ
ˡСΪľͺСأ˽ﻹ²ǲݵĸҵС̸ȴû뵽ģ
ֲôšɷø嶼ǲǶҶ̬е̫ˡ
æȥҶϢ侹ȻŶǳҲ̫˰ɡ
ǼϢ˾ˣ֮һϯҶ֮ա


49 
ȥ۵˼֮ǰҶйˣ ÿ˶˵ǿҶϢӦñڵϢҪСʮ꣬òҲ䲻
һһҳʱϢ֤ݸܣ и˳˵һ䡪ȺԼҰɣ͸ЧӦ࣬ͬʱǴһ¡
û뵽ôһѼȤ
ӾûӰˣ ˵ĸָЧӦ¼
ͬʱģ Ҷ&ݡҶ&ƽܵĹϵռװ֮ƽ&ݵĹϵҲȰ񡭡
ȻûιֵܵĹϵΪ֮ǰֱŤòĹϵ ֵܵĹϵҲû֪
˿ôһǺҶĹϵҲ൱ڹֵܵĹϵ
һǼ ռˡ
Ϣ˻ҵ۾ǰͷ۾˵ϣҥѾˣҲȥˡ
۾ԣ򿪵Ķţ Ƽϵţ Ƴ˼ۣѲƽݵţ ȷѲСߵģŻһ ȴͷҲû̧ӽԺ ҵ𶼲Ҫٹˡ
΢㣬 Ӧ ΢һ£ ˵ϣոȿϽԼݵСֶԻ֪ҵˡ
۾΢٣Ӧһ˵ȥŵ۹Ȧ7׼ʱҡ
Ȧ7㣡
Ȼɴۣ۹ô궼˰ɣԲֹ7㡭
ϵ˼ҪϽһҪ7ǰȦ
⼴ȥ˰ɡ
鸴ӣ۾֮ǰȥ֣ڴʲôûеġôŵĹӣʲôϡеҩģժãͷϽԺס
ϽԺʮǰ۾ؾӵģְֱȨˣ۾ȻΪŴ˯Ժ״ʱ䲻ӵ˶֪ʵǹϵܽ۾ʵ۰ϽԺס
һˣȻôϽ
Ͻʲô˵۾
ŸϽԺ˵ˣԭΪܻᱧԹ䣬˭֪Ĭתͷˡ
ͺĬܵĳͷһ
ڻĵ۾ߵĽŲԶ̾˿
ԻѰţȴѲʲôˡ
ţ΢˼һᣬ룬ȥһ˹ϵӣһλһ仰λĿǰ۶ľ
Źص˶ԣȥ˴ߣļᣬĵûȥ
Ŵ˯ˣ¶ԵýĴ΢΢иһЩ
һһҹ
ڶ죬7㣬ҵĽŲĴϢӽ۾˲ͷ΢΢˶ӲֽţתŤ˷ţ˳ȥ
һȥȻ׼ŵϽ
Ͻĺˮˮմʪ˷˿ҴˮΣɫ΢İףβǶѹӢûɵĴţϵﶼźζŲ鸡
۾ţǰˡ
Ͻ΢㣬æ׷ĽŲϣűϵǿ̣˯ߵļҶ
΢Ĭĸŵ۾ǰ
Ҷʱ߿һˣķ𣬿˿Χ
һܿķڷ塢輸ɳ¹ȼ˽
ļҾ߶ܹϣȲݱĸ߿Ƽÿһļ˽ĲʶóǼõģЩ˽ܶ඼ľʵģϵʽҶ²ĳЩ˽Ѿ˺ܾˣȴûһ㶼ûľʵĸϢŵľ㣬Щֵζ
ڵĴҲ֪ʲôʣ΢΢ʪеůֲϲɹ
䷿صţҶһһ˿һͨһңһ칫\ĵطͰ칫ȵȣͬϵʽˣһС͵Ļңƺר̸ġ
˭ķ䣬Ⲽǹǹһȫһ
ҶԺֳ︡Ǹÿİ
˯ǰòƾֻô˵ķˣǵ۹
ҪȥģûƵס⣬ô˯ˡ
ȻǸİ˯ˡ
ҶԼþȣڴֶҪһȫĵط˯ģҲΧ˯ȴû뵽һ˯š
Ĵ˿ûǸ࣬վڴ˴˿ߵ죬Ǻ˿̻硣
æԴֺöϢ
ģֵġӵġ
㿪ӵϢȫģʲôʱȥģͨѶΪʲôû˽ӵġ
ҶͷƤ飬һ飬ô˯ˣҲûü˵һӿ϶ˣæԣſȥôһԵţͨȵġ
˭֪ߵſŤķţͳһӵסȥ·
ӳӢž˶еɷҶ΢ӣͿԼǰͷҶүˣҪ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣ȫɻӼ״æ˵￴ʲôҪԺ˵ϵȻͻˡ
𿴻Ҷһʱ䣬İʵϣ˶ļߺܺ棬ҲкøУǸδΣ飬սսţŬģϲ
ϡڷ֮ʣҶ૳֣ϵѪɫ΢ȥһЩɤҲһЩǡ۾𣿡
һ㶡
ǰ˻֪ϵô
ĬĳĬҶĬϡ
ʵѾиоˣ̫룬΢һĥеµˡ
ܴϽߡϽĳ˵۾˭
ֻǣҶǰʱźĹ۾ϽλΣգǱܿˡ
Ͻӡû취£۾ǰ۾ӦҪĵһ
˼ˣҶ˵ҡҪˡ
΢Ⱦ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ˵ллҪȥˣҵ֡
˶٣ȥҶ˵һҹδ飬ҵ˻ᵣҵġ
ԣ۾֮ǰĽҪʲôҪĬĬÿ˵õģҪҰг𣿡
ҶҡͷԽߣĽŲܼȲ뿪˵һ
ԭ˼Ƭ̣˵ȥϰɣȸ
áĵطӦһߵһ˲ͼһӰԽǰˣҲȥ
۾ϽһͷһտϢϢйӣ۾ĹȡһëӸϽϽӹüĿ΢ֲ̧˲ʪͷ
۾һԣ꣬Żڣ֪𣿡
ϽԺ׶һ٣̧ȥƵ۾Ƭ̣ʵ۾ϣһ𣿡
ʡ۾ס


50 
Ժ˵ҶȥժɫѹӢ𣿡
ժ
۾üͷ΢ ƣϽϣǴ̽Ѱʲô
ϽһܾϿڼ䱻صĵʦһ㣬 Ž벻ڣֻڴݿϽȥ⿼ڼҪԼġ
ܾԼ˵Щʲô
Ͻ򴽣˿ڣ ȴΪ˵ĶһЩԼ˼С˼ ԵЩİ͡
ҡ룬϶ԡǼô⣬ȥҡ˯ĴԽӼӡ
ᵽӣ ϽԺ׵ɫЩŹ֣Ǽ߿ᣬ ȴû뵽ѾӵĸˣǸ˵ĸס²黹治šңǵĹϵƺչǼȫռˡ
ֵɫ Ժ׼˵ һǹŹֵ飬Ƿݲڸ˳ȥ ˵˳ࡣ
ô⣬ΪΪȥժ˯ĽɫѹӢɣ
Ȼ Ϊ۾ŵĵն ۹նý ΪҪӼһСߣС߽ڴ˹ҹ
ֻСԨԴΪж ԲŶ⡭Ӽ ԽӴӦǼߵĲɷãͨͨΪǼ߶Ծж
֪϶Ǽ⣬ȴǰʧ̬ŻĵײмĵС
Ǽ߶ԾжǾԼĶţԶǰҲֲþ
ԺЩΣ֪һͷβѹӢԵôͷɥġ
۾üͷ΢Ͻɫͫһ˿ŹֵĲƣΪġ
ɫѹӢ˳˯
ժɫѹӢСߡǶˡ
δˣԭҶѾˡҲδС߻ģ
λĵ۾һ˼ˣûǶԺ׵˼ǲԺʹޱֵģɵѡ
ˡ
۾ߵϽǰŲԺβѹӢüͷָ̧Ƕ䴹ŵѹӢѹӢǸӦ˴һ㣬΢΢Ĳţʼû
۾ѹӢ˼
˾ǸӦСߵĹϵô
Ͻ΢òס˵۾ߣֲܿƵĸ۹ѹӢ
ĵʼմڵ˿ֳָ
۾˿̵ڿٿѹӢ
Сʱһδֻ֣ѹӢǻƮβǴƤѪڳһġ
ǻᣬ۾ȳ˻𺣣𺣵Ѿûʲôǵ۾Լǹ۾˵ܱգѹӢΪ˽ӶͬʱѹӢһ֣˺ѹӢ˺ԼҪѹӢԼ
ʼռǵ仰ѹӢԼһ֡
Ȼ಻һһ֣̫۹ۡ
ҲҪȡѹӢÿÿͷͻидѹӢھԼѪ⡣
ö֮ǳѹӢȷʵںһ𣬶ڶԼۡ
ԭѾˣɵ۾ÿÿѹӢȴ͸ĳڵ˻˵
ÿÿѹӢǷֿģһġ
ڻУ֮ʣѹӢѪ֮ʱ顣
ǻʶѾģȴβǴʹһ˲ʼնˣҲǵúʬһſڴΧǻ𣬱ֻлվһеġ̡ͻأһСӤ۵
ڿޣںۡںȡ
·һ˻ֻûκ
תͫȥѰǷôһӤϾܽķԱߡ
һֻ۾⵽βʱ򣬿иӰŤһÿһβһ֡
ϽǶѹӢԳ
ٴѾʧˡͬʱģβһСѿ
ô꣬һֱΪ֮ʵĻþ˿̣һٶĽյ۾Ͻֳ︡һֵͷǲǲǻþʵڵġǷβѹӢ
۾ʵ͸ѹӢ
Ͻָڣͷһ־һʰô꣬һֱЩ˼Ρ
һѹӢͷֻӣĳһ죬һ紵еһšһ죬һ紵Ҳˡ
Ļһתתһӵϣǿӱ紵ҡҡλεģƮƮһŴ£һųһ㣬һҲҹҹ֪˶ãֱһ죬죬ӵΧ˴𣬴յ£ŤšһȵĴѪζˮС
ȥ󣬻һתתſڴˣţβδѪ
ÿÿεͻᾪѡ
Ժ͵ָ߬ڣһֱΪһȽϻĵõجΣ˿ȴĪʵ
Ժ׿۾Ҫ̽Ѱ񣬵۾˿ȴѾջߣϧַɣˣΪҲá
򣿡Ϊ
Ժɫ졭»ΪΪ׼𡭡
˵ಢˣ۾ȴ֪Щ͹ˣ
Ժ΢õ۾Ʈžζ
м㣬㡣
Ժ׿۾۾˵ɫѹӢҵˣֻҪѹҵĳ˯
Ҫ
һɫѹӢõ۾Ҫѹ˵úѹӢһһ
Ժ͵סˣӤ͸һô
ôأѹӢôܸһأβ˶ѹӢѹӢҲֻһ֣ʶǻۣܳΪˡ
ıֶδˣοǼѹûгֲֹϵ֡
۾˵ĻǽɫѹӢеţҪѰ
ֻǣǽɫѹӢأ۾𣿶ңǳ˽ɫѹӢĳ˯Ǿô
Ժ󣬵۾˵ѵĻع飬Ͼ̫󡭡
۾û˵ȥԺȴȻ˵΢Ķ
СȷʵҵĶˡ۾Сߡ·𶼴ŲࣺҶˣȴΪǶˡ
򣿡Ժջҵ˼ŵ۾ɻ
˲ΪǶˣΪʲô
ĵ۾ת̬ᣬ粨繣繲Ϸüβ·⣬΢Ͼֳһ˿ů⣬˿ůı߱ڻʱΪһϲ
򣿣ϲϽ㵵ĵɴۣβѹӢţȴ۾һҲ𾪡
ϲ˭˭ϲ˭˭ϲţ
Ͻըһ˼ƮɢˣֻһƬհףƬհ׻ãŸֳ۾ߡϲ
ϣƴճһ仰۾ϲǼߡ
ϽӲĿŵ۾
ǰĵ۾Ǽ߼棿ϲǼʲô
Ǽ߳ͨƢЩÿɰһЩЦһ㡢ɾ峺һЩСҪһЩ
ţϽã۾ϲǼҲôԽܡȷʵеϲͨò
ôһӵġ
ϽȻԼħˡ
л˵
лл355־ʲĵףôô


51 
۾ϲСߺܺ⡭
֮ʣ Ͻȴǵ۾˵СʱйҾ˿̿ɻң
ȻϽæأų˵Ĺϵһ
۾üĿ΢ҪС߽ģ Ǿ㸸ס
ϽƤǡΪף
δ꣬۾˵㸸ף ҷ֮ǰ㸸񡣡
˵꣬ ۾˵δ˵±ˣҪǵã ֮Ҫ
˶٣۾˵һҸᣬ ȥǸҪúøദ󶼻ߡ
Ͻ˿ѾЩˣһҪһСߺסҪ
붼Լң Ǽ߻Լôų
۾ûиԵĻᣬ ֪ᣬڸһҪһ㡣
Ͻ鸴ӣ ۾˵ݡƽӣǱֵܣ ҲҪѺദ
Ͻһ ۾̾ Ժ˵ƽҵǲģ ݡ
Ͻɫһ ӲĴ˵۾ҶˣݵĶԻˣ
۾üŲԺףڣģ֪һ㣬ϽȴǽһҲǹ͵ģҵ֣ſһЩҲ֪࣬˽ȥ
ϽԺ˲ܾˡ
۾ԣʣܾ˼˼أ
Ժһ̧ۣԵ۾˫ܿ͸ĵӣ˲ͷĬ
۾˼ףݵľܾǾܾѡֻҪ޸ϵģȫǰȥ
۹˽۾ҪλϽȥæѵȺ˽⻻֮ǰԺǾԲŵģҲԲͬġ
ǵ۾ļߵĶӡҲеѵݡ
ԺҲ˽ģƫһӵˡ
ο۹ֻҪе۾ڣھԵʵǰĲκη˵ģȫҲмܲס۾ܿܿԸ۶ϸ¡
ֻҪһ˸˹ϵ۾ܰǼ׷֣Ǳһˣʱ۾ҪԸգЩ˽˵ܽó
ûУ˽Ĵڣпܰǵæ⻹ǵ۾Ըַ˵Ժ׶ֱӴӦ顣
ɡԺԺǸֵ̬ʹȫһģһȫƫӣ˵ı־ֻһͨĴʻ㣬ֻһͨ֡
ɱĵˣ
ԺһʱĬ˴ϻǴ̵ľǿ
۾ţüͷʣ㲻Ը⣿
˶٣۾᣺Ϊ֮ǰ£
Ժʼղ𻰡
۾³ˣԺ׳ĬԽãüͷԽ˲Ժ׵ǰڳ̯һе䣺α˵ףǰҲ˵ܶˣǺƽʱˣԱֵĺҲ÷ˡ
ᵽ֣ϽΪˣûд𻰣ʹµͷһŹ˳ζǵ۾֪ڵʹµĽɫ˸ʹ޵Ļ硣
ЩҲκһһ벻ģûܡ
Ҳ˼ȣݣΪԡ̬֡з磬ԽԽԶֱİ·޸ϵ㶼Ըˣÿһ㶼Ҫ㻹мֵˣ
ˡ
ԺĪ뵽ߣһʼԼģһģȫںĮ벻ֳͣΪԸ׽Լˡһ
ݡԺͷۡ
һֱʹôҪã˶ãʲôᵽֵȴ˿ã뿪ҲûٳˣȥǸǾĴ֣ҲûеȵӰ
ΪεϽҲְλȥѰһС
ö֮Ǹ˾ͱڲĵףֻù¶µʱ򷭳һףҲйѣй׽ͬˣ˵ĹƧ˵۾ȫȻû׽ˡ
Ժװ۾˵ҪǰߵģΣıѾˣȷҪΪЩ谭𣿡
۾ĻأΪȰˣ˿ȴһصϽĿڡ

ӵ𡭡
Ժ̲ס룬ȴ־ԼЩЦǺƽʱˣе˶ΪϽΪʲôͲˡ
ֻҪһЩѪȵʷЩ˺ı֡ȥȥ硭
ڱἰʱٿ׺ĸһƲסԼһֻҪٷбĥȥⱣֵ
Ժ˳˼۾ûٱ˵Լúɡ
۹ĵ˵꣬ͣߣߵߣͿ𼱴Ҵҵ۾üĿһӭȥˣ
ͷ˵ȥˣţ¶˲
۾΢һ٣򴽵ת˽Ų۹ߣ޷ȥ
Ҷһ۹ǸͲֻϢ˼٣󣬾ͻ𼱻ǵϣȸλӻϢģһҹδ飬Щ飬ָ϶˵¼򣬶ûЩúõĽ͵ĻȥǾõǽͱȽϺãҲظˡ
ȻյſڣԼӵļſڶ˺ööˣЩ˶ʲô
Щ˾͸ڻЩһЩΪĵϽԺ׵ĵһϣڶǼſʲôѽ
ݺƽȻˣ˲ǳܾ𣿲һЩôǻȰ
ңۼĿЩƺǼߣֻǵֵһŽż￴
ߣǵıַһֱͦܵģЩô֪ġ
ӿҶУҶվԼſڣ֪òüȥȥ
Ȼ֪˭һۣҶһĺСְֻˣ
һ˺ö˻ͷ˲ö˸źСְֻС
һ߳ţһ߳ҶΧ
ҶգգۣãȻЩˣˣһЩ˾ͽһ޿ˣΧˡ
ĴƣƬӶˡ
ȫǲͬͬɫġСְ֡С۾֮Ǵ֡͡ˡ
ȻӦǷʲôӦЩģֻһ䡪ûôĺӡ
Χ
۾ϵʱ򣬾仰ܵ˱Ǿ仰İ
Цһ˻ھ֮ʣԽ˽˳˳
˷Ӧæ׷۾Ѿ˳ţˡ


52 
ڳϾδҶһƳͷͿÿӣ Ҷͷ΢ţ۾ɨǶɫߵԡ֮ǰݵЩƬ Ƕԡ
ⶫҶǰ˵ݣǵ۹ĵ۾
ҶһӾнһģԼԭҶļֻԼļ䣬 ǰ˷Ļ䡭
ã ܿǰˣ̵ £Ƥϵÿһëܿ ҲܿƤ⻬ϸ壬ͫīɫģЩ˿ܺƵģתŹʣ Ӳ˼⣬ Ҳɢȥ˲٣˼
ˣ ֻҪӦöǲģɲԭҶļﻹ˵ļУ ˶ڡ
΢һ£ Ҷصĺһϡ
Լݻᱻǰ֪ ۾
ССһƬëһ ƮƮ˵۾ĺ ǺϵһȦһȦ
۾ϲԣĺȴѲƽƫͷȥԱߵˣüֿҪȥҪȥأ
۾һ٣Ըָͣźʣ𣿡
ҶָķȥǳĲԶԿ˿˻ңЩЩһЩڷɢſڵˡ
Ҷһ㶣ôͱô˰
ͷɻ󣬻ãȻ۾˶ԣֳһЩŵݵǰΪЩɣԲͻȻôĹע
ҶתͷһͿȶǰţҲƽݹǹϵĻ
ҶһһֱϣԼƽݵĹϵܹ֮ڡ
Ȼ˺ӵȻ֪᲻УҶǱܵϣҶ֪ԼģܱκФ롣
ֻõλݵ̫Сˣû취ĵ˵ĸס
ƽҲ֪Щ˼һֱΪŬֱգǻûгɹģû뵽ھȻɹˡ
Ҷˣ۾״͸¶ϲãһֻóԸèֹˡ
ΪˣҲûʶĵַôͱ¶ˡ
۾ţҲûг
ԶĻң룬ָ˵ţɢȺҪһЩʱ䣬ȥԸͣȻȥ𣿡
۾ͳᣬûаǿƵǶѯҶ
ҶüͷʳȻȥʲôͣǺϤĵ۾
ȷʵزȥſ̫ˡ
ԣƽͨѶǶ֪˼ſڣ϶ſڵЩ˾ΪǶˣǶ˳ǻӻңңǳҲǴ粽С
ĬĬĹصͨѶûȥû¿ҶһʱҲʵɾܾĥҸѣ۹ĵ۾ֿ˿ڣοǴЩӲ
Ͳ֪ϽԺҵĹϵ𣿡
Ҷͷ΢۾۾˵ͷ˵ֻҪߣҾͰЩ㡣
ҶĶĶ۾ôòԺ׵˲ˣƲסĵͷ
۾ͷ΢ɣĬ
Ϊǰ˰ģ۾ߵĲԶѡһֲΪĲ¥¥װ굽һЩԣ䶼ʵĴʪ¶ȶǰմֵı׼ġ
Ҷէһȥٴֵĸо
ɵķһЩŵ۾
ĵ۾ûҶѡ˼ʳҶҲû⣬ãһϵҶǰ
˻ϡ
ҶһǵϴݸȵϣĲúȡ
ͷ˿ǰϣһ͸ŵɫˮݵζݸƺ̫һŵĻ·ܽܡ
̲裬ζܵӦûϲ
ǼҶˮûж˵Ϸ
ͳɤͲҶӲǴЩζ
Ҷ̧ۿײ˫ܶصīɫ۾˫۾Լʱ򣬸ݡƽԼʱ򶼲һרע쳣Ź⿴ǰ˾ںǻȥ֪硣
Ҷ·𱻹ƻһ㣬ǱϣССһڡ
ˮŵ£СϪˮڴ΢Щ峿¶ˮˬ
ˮºЩɬֲ㣬ҶҰһ죬оȻʼظˡ
ҶգԲӣϲеɫϣúȡ
Ҷһ˺üڣ˼״Σ˵ЩȣϺ̫ɲá
Ҷԣһۣ˶˻һԼӣԼ
Ҷ룬򴽿˿ڣϣĲǵʶǲϴˣ
۾΢һ٣ָڷ·һȴԣɳȣûϴˡ
򣿡ûСܰɡҶֳ︡ɡ
ǰĵ۾һƳҶеɣȴûпڽκһ䣬Ҷһ㹥ķ˵Ǿ仰ȵĴУȻǸϢͻһȻĴݵȫÿһϸʼ˵ʵ
ʶ
Ҷ˿ڿˮϵĲȥתǴŻŴĲ⣬ʲôʱʲôصôʶġ
ôʲô֪
ҶһλԼļ䣬Ե޴ĺܡ
ǰ˾һµĺӣڻŵѰŲķʽʱüʱͷָ˶ǰ̫Ѩʱʱ̵̿ڻ룬ƺЧ
ͷ΢Ļ롭
ˣǲñǲ˰ɡֻһֻܻͼ֮ȻСһܵı˭졭
룬˼ΪĻ棬˿ڣЭˣԴеĲ¥йһ֮Եҵʱ˸ߡ
ôһѣҶˡ
Ǹ˾Լ¶ΣյӣԺǺɫߵӰ˽غˡ
㣡Ҷֱͦ˼Ŀǰĵ۾
ܵڶͻȻľ裬۾΢Ļ˼ѿڶûж⡣
żԼûвίҶȴ˳Ƿίһļ䣬һɲȥһ顣
ˣ۾ж⣬ͿԶʵʲô֮٣ֻڵ۹˯һңϵϢƽůڲ¥ʱȫһ
Ҷһ˿ɻڶĵ۾ϣػɨ˼ء
ԭĶԣλ˵ǼΪģǰ峺ᣬôɨžͷֻڿκεĶ⣬崺Ϣţ۾ȫòΪ˫ˮԵ鶯ֶţụ̂һЩе
۾ϸֳ΢ɼĵ죬Ҷû⣬üͷҧҧ豭ıء
ҲûӵϢϴμŵкܶӵϢģЩϢƽܲԺϵĶһ
Ū˰ɡ
ӵϢˣ˵ΣҲˡ
л˵
ллĵףôôա


53 
ҶиӣһĽ䱸۾״΢˿Ҷ֣Ҷ
Ҷиӣ һĽ䱸۾״΢˿ Ҷ֣Ҷ˵ʽʶһ£ҽثi
Ȼÿһε۾ثiôҶǰ˫֣ ָڷ 渲˼룬һ˫ù֡
Ҷ΢һ£ССָڣ ٵˣá
ǰ˾ֻܾӣֶֻССĴһԼָڣ ô΢Ĵȴ˴˵۾ƽĺϡ
˱治ԣȻ֣ȴӵ£ǻϲĲѣ Ʋס΢΢Ĳ
ڵԣ ǰÿһε׽ޱȵĻϲ
͵ һЩ嵭ĵģӸҶ˼ ҶܳԵǲԣ ˣ ۾ҲûٸҶˡ
ڼҶζ뿪ثiԺ׵£ ڳԶ ǣڱ˳Զʱ򲻿ɴš
ûСߵҪѯʵ񣬵˽Щ۾ûг
һı𣬵۾̧ͷ
ȴĹȻСȲʻ
ϣԺס
֡
򣿡Ҷһ㶣۾Ҫ˾Ƶ
Ҷ룬̽㻽ثi
΢΢ҡҡͷȫ̫ˡ
ȫ֣
Ҷüǰˣȫǲ⣬ǰĵ۾ƺҲû絽ȥѽӡ̫õһ֮Ե
ҶĬĴԺﲻ֪ô͸ֳһΥĳƺſڣѹĺܵͣЩ񣺡i
ĺƮſ飬Щʵ۾ֻ֪Ƿѣˣлʵڵġ
۾͵̧ͷ˶ˣ΢㵣ҲȻԼôһƺЩ˶ĻԺŶ˷һͫ׷һСͷĿİͰͷ·ѧһi
˺ġiͬ˲ͬ˳ǴŶСݺʹȰ˽лһi⣬ɤ£֮ͬÿÿĶѣͬڡ
۾˼ָ֣ϥϣͫɢȥ˼֡
΢Ҷûעĵ۾ƺ۾ٿȻĳ棬˼ôһ˲ݵ˺ܾԶĹһ̣Ǹ̾ͽЫiһЩʱǶʱΪiġ
ǰĵ۾ȻͬǸ̲ãܻ
͸ֵˣңöǰˣǻѧ̬ˡ
һṆ̀ҶͲã̫Ըлiǻʱ̡
Ҷܵ˵һǽء
͸ղǸɡ۾ҶԵúǸƺƵġ
ҶһſҪܾתһ룬Ҳ󣬷ǰҲʱ棬ʱлǰˡ
ȻԺ׵¸Ҫ
Ҷס˾ܾ¿˵ǫiԺʲôϵѽ
ûѣ˻˵Ժڴﾭ֣ҰӴ˳
֣Ǵģ
Ҷ˿۵ķţӾȻ˻֡
Ҫֲ֪»ˣһֵĻʱѹӢ
Ĵûġ
ӲûûҶԺβǶѹӢ
ͨʲôҶֳ︡˻Ȼ
ˣӾֵʱ򣬿϶ƴȥұֻ£õıǻԺһͬǻУӱòԺ׵嵱˱
ΪԱòԺ嵱ͬʱʶĶԼʣȥ塣
뿪Σˣ뿪Σա
ʹõԽ࣬ͻǾԽֱںһ𣬲ֱ˴ˣ䡢顢壬ǻкѪĻᲿֱڱֵҲᲿֱҲǳΪ¸塭
һУǾȻκ඼Ʋβںϳɹһѿֳһ̬ǶԣβͻȻһѹӢѹӢ빲˹֪Ϊ˲ɻȱһ֣ඥཫĳֵĲ֢ΪӰҲΡ
˵Ǵλ֣˲ԺԱˣҲ˵ǲԺӻǰĵ۾˻򡭡
һ֣ǰ˾ȳ˲ԺףǾȳӡ
Ҷмǰˡ
۾˵ԺһֱмҾΪ
Ҷĸмһ˲ȥǰĵ۾˲ơ
ϣȴǰ˵ӣ
Ҷŵ۾յ˳񣬵۾Ȼͫ׷ľǱӣ˵Ф룬Ҫƴġ
۾æ˵ǳִĸ̫СΪ
ĸ
Ҷķ·𱻴һ£ۡ
ˣӰ˰֣бֵĸףȻҲΪĸĸֻԸĸȻһλһȥˡ
ǻӾ¹ʣûߣΪĸĸ
˵ӵľǸ֧ţùǰӵģԼˡ
ҶͷᣬӺÿࡣ
ԺЩúܿࡣҶͬƵˣ˳Ҷثi
΢˼֣˿һ̸ԼĶӣԼһ˿ۡ
ʵͦ׽ġ۾˵ſҶҶգգۣŲš
׽Լ
Ƴ˶˵𾪣ثiӯЦ⣺ΪҲЩ˽⣬ȷʵ׽ģֻǡ
˶٣ثi˵ֻе
ʲôй
Ҷ΢Ժ׵㣬ǻ־ѾˣڵձԱֶûرʹ޵ΪУ˵ھȾ˺⣬ҲŶԣģʱڿ˱ֶɵ˺һ
ҶſʣȴȻǰǵ۾
۾ǵһε۾ĺһε۾ֵĴڣǰ˶Աʲô̬δ֪ðȻѯһһԺס
ûٴ뿪ˡ
ҶʿˮҪڵѯȥ
֮ʣ˳֪´һ㵱Ǹ
ǸǵأӳҲֲйϵοôˣֻúúǻκείһǸܵί
ҶҪڣͻȻ뵽ǰ˵ܵǸܸӵڶμˡ
Ҷأת˻ͷӦ˵á
΢˴Ҷţﻮһ˿ĸܡ
Ժ׵飬ǷԭԵ͸ͷ
òԺ˵ôԺ׵飬ôһƿһеģҶɵĻɣǲ֪һЩʲô
Ҷϸûб¶Ժ׵װףĸ֪ݡԺ׵ݣ֪Ժ׵Ĺϵ


54 
ҵһͨҶֻǰΪֻܿΪߵݡ
Ϊ߱
ҵһͨ ҶֻǰΪֻܿΪߵݡ
Ϊ߱ͻȥ֪̽Щ飬ο֮ǰɷùϽϽԺױֳȤ
Ǿڼزд
Ҷɢȥĸӣ Ŷˣ룬峺ͫ︡һ˿ܵ׽ʣ㡭Ϊʲôأ
֮ǰȫͼ ΪֻŶˡ
òԺͣ ˣҲʵԺĹϵ˵һЩӵĹ Ȼܸ֪֪ģҲȥ˽һĿģ æģΧڣԸȥȹӻġ
ȫ벻һܰ۹ĵ۾ʲôæ
ɵ۾ǰˣֻΪ˸һ֮Եɵġ
Լض¡
īɫͫ΢°Ϳ üĿһĵһʲôʱῪҡ
ҶεЦһ¡
۾ֱţ ˵⣺ʵҵ֡
۾ߵ֣
ثiͷ
Ҷ⣬ ۾Ļ߲ǺܶѡΪʲôѡ
ǿҶɻ ثi˿ڣߵ˶Ǿˣ Щϸġ
Ҷѣ ثi˵ģ ճֻ账һЩС飬 ܼ򵥵ģֻĶҪܣǼߣҿĲɷúһЩܶ÷ִ磬Ҫˡ
˵šҪᣬǶ¶·Ũҵ㺣㺶רһͺڱɡһ
ֻһݹѣʲôɡġ
ֻ㡣۾Ҷԥֲһ䡣
Ҷţһ
̧ȥثi˵ף·벻Ϊ֪˿ͫɫӿȴѵõӿ˼Ҷиܵϣϡ
·ġɡ
ҶָڻĬĵͷ
˾ȹӣ֮ʵľչӣڸмֻҪæǰʱһԿɵ飬Ҫ˵顣
Ҷ˼һᣬҡͷҪܾثiٴδžܾǼӸѣٻҲ١
ثi˶ԣĶԴ򿪺ҶеԸŴˣҶԣԶثi˺ѡ
ӺѵĽ棬ҶثiͨѶǴӺģʾǡ
Ҷ㵵Ŀثi
˻ָԭҶȥߵطĽҪͨĽ
ԭҶ﷭˺ǽĳǽĴ粻Ǻڶñͽô
Ȼû뵽һ
ҶԺֳ︡˵
һźڶñɫߵʱֿɲԴɱӵޡ
һɫװӵò޺Ĺӡ
߲֮벻һǳ֮ɡ
ֻǣ˿֪۾ǽҶոǿѹȥָ˳
ǽ֪ߵַġ
ȷʵ֪һЩʲôɣ
ثišۣҶһۣҶעģҶ֪ô£ܵһֱƴСܵˣͷͿԼڸֱ滻ˡثi
ǼʵĿƼѾܶȡ˵ʶˣֻҪثi֣ԾͻԼٶȽثiʾĻϣɶ˲֪ΪΣѡϵд壬дһһдšثi۾ʼǿģҶܾڸԼıעְֵĽдثi֡
ҶָڣúõķԼϥϣ˿ȴúŶдıʻڶţǸдļһһ·𶼿ԺҶһⱲӶֵĴ
עּ꣬˸Сǳں棬дǡi
д˶ԣҶ֮ɵĹˡ
Ҷ鸴ӵĿŵ۾ӵ۾ϸֻܵ޺ͬЩȫΧֲ
ЩֲΪڷꡭ
۾Ҳһ˲Ժӡ
Ҷ˸ӵͻȻһݴ򿪵
æ˼ˣ洫˺ӵıݵ
СǲڸҺƽܿˡ
Ҷһ㶣ղűܶƬ֪ƽݶǿЩƬ˵ԣҾڼҸ
˵ţͼվʾһߣƺȥ
Ҷ״ڻ˵ͻˡ
ʣģҺƽȥɣ
ҶվòãܽģҺܿͻġ
˵ţȹҶͨѶŵ۾˳
ڳϣҶ뿪ѯʵ۾ȴҲ֪ܶ鶼ֱʣ۾ѹʲô֪ڷǱ׻һ㱩¶
ţҶĬһ·޻ܿǾ͵˼ſڡ
ſЩȫɢȥˡ
ҶԶԶľͿƽվſεӣҶĳǶ˾˫˫ӭ
Ҷ³ˣ¶Цݡ
ݡƽҶͷŵĿһ֣ȷû£ŷֳﻹˡ
˼˿ӳ˳
˼۾һ㶣нһЩ
ϡ
˻ƽü򴽣ǲԸ˵Ŀ¶ɻҶ͵۾ϴתɻüͷ˼뵽һ¡Ǽҵĵַ¶ˣò鲻˭¶ģǡôɣСͱ˶ſڣֺСһˣɺĻɣַǰ۾¶ġ
Ҷ˺ثiثi׳к΢죺ʶѽ
һ٣ɫ죬ثiȳҹ㣬˯㣬û㣬˯ˡ
ŶҶɻӲҹġ
ǰثiϣᣬ˫īͫ˵ʱ򶨶ûκε㣬תʵ⣬ڱһȷȷʵʵ£ҶҪš
Ƥƽɫڡ
۾ҪҪģְµԼǣ°ְ뿪ġ
Ȼ治ɫĵߵڰף˵ϣҪŷ
ƽܾӰۣǰ˲ǡ
۾ûܶˣҶӦһ΢΢ЦЦ˳ţ˽ȥ˵Ȼȥˡ
áҶȻİ͡
ثiţĿ΢˹ָڣҶչҶһᣬ
ۣս˵ֵúÿһ£ǴӦԾԺס
Ҷ΢ת˲ЩӣòԺ׹˿϶֪ЩʲôɣҶN˻ˣ
ȥˣȴѾˣԶϣʻ˱
Ҷָ΢˲ܾļƮһëǸëһСˢƵˢһ£ŷƮˡ
Ҷҧҧԭȥʲô֣ثiôƮƮһ仰ҡˡ
ǶҡʱԼԺףջ̫ˣһҪȥġ


55 
ֻҪԺףͿԸԺ飬˽ĹȥĵܾòԺײôʹޱֵģ
ֻҪԺף ͿԸԺ飬˽ĹȥĵܾòԺײôʹޱֵģ ʲôԵɣ֪
С
ڷ֮ʣǰҶҶ ݣ ˵Ƚȥɡ
áŶ˽ݣҶֹܼСҲڣСһҶ 𾴣æӭ Ϲк
үүСү
үҶգգۣȻΪԼݹˣƽܵĸˣ С޲Ż˳ƺ
үеҶ泩 С¶ЦСһ㶣 ̧۾ͼСЦ۾䣬һ׺͵ģ СȻ˿ ֮ǰСأ ڿ ȫûӰ졣
С ƢĺãС޳ҶҲ¶Ц
ţ˵СȻȥɡ
áСӦһҶʾһ£뿪ˡ
ֱС޿ӰݡƽܲҶٴϸϸһ飬ȷû£˶һۣһɳϡ
Ҷܵ˶˵ĵǡţҲ֪ԼһʱЩ飬ֱɳϲԸŲ˵м䣬һһײײǸ
ݣСܣԲԽ˵ԽСѹø塣
̾˿ƽüĿҲЩƽ̲סڣְ֣´ҪʲôһһҪǰϢ𣿡
Ҷ˫֤
ƽܺҶ֮ʣһֱû˵ͻȻԶûʲôȴʯͷͻȻҶϡ
СԺ˶԰ɡ
Ҷָڣۿɼįݼˣ΢֪ˡ
Ҷһͷժ۾üģϣҶһᣬ֮ȴһЩǸ⣺ԲС֮ǰ˻ѡ
Ҷæҡͷⲻ㣬ʲôˡ
ҲСʱҼǸƫִ׺ʵǵײСš
û˵ȥҶȴݵ˼ԺǻҲ˺һᣬ㻺Ӵһ̸ֻǱŵˡ
Ҷ˵ǿӵĲǣۡ
Ժ֮ǰǾ仰͵ˡʱﲻζ
ӵӵݣݵĻ°ʹļϣı˵ݣҲãôĿࡣ
˵ǡǡ֪ӡ
΢Ҷ˵ԺЩҲܿ࣬һʼǹ¶ģһܴĴֻ֣ǳʧȥĸĸ
֣
΢㵣ƽܣƽһ졣
ΪӣȻ֪ж£ûѿֻȥǵ£±վܿͻữΪҽʱҩʯҽֲϵҲˡ
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ô˵๲ΪƮϵѡ񣬶Ǳȡ
ƽָ΢һʱЩϧǿˡ
ȹӣԼҲԸֵһЩܵģȴΪֻˡңԺںϣ顢䡢ϲȵȣôĮôʹޱֺܾܿԺ׵Ӱ죬ⲻȫ
üǼʱܿƼȽڣѾƵĺܺˣеطһֵͷͻܻ˷ٵĸϵûǴѾϰûйˡ
Ժ׾˻֡ǼĴֻ֣
ݾù죬һʱû˵
ҶǡʱĿڣ˵ԣԹ𣿡
Ҷ˵ţȦЩ죬Ӿ˿ѣܣҪǻͣǻϢ
ѹӢŽᡭ
ƽܼҶίģڻһ磡
ӵҶίģ˵Ѿſǻˣ΢Эһ̾˿ᵽԺ׸ֳɢЩ°ҲҶļϣһСһѴ˲䣬ѹ·ϣԵƵģá
ҶԣͷһɣݣݴӻƳ˵˵Ѿ뵽취ôȥϻˡ
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ǵ۾Ҳ˵ˣԺ׽ԼġԸȥϵľ
ԣʹ㵵ƽܶһۣĽ˽ָڣ۾ԭš
һһۣÿһСԼǻֹֻǸԼҲ׼
Ҷĵͷº͵Ӧ˵á
򣿡Ҷȴɻ̧ͷ϶Ӳͬȥˣ˵ǣ˾ӦáҶתͷȥƽܣƽҲĵͷ
Ҷգգۣһҹ֮䣬Լôô˵
֪ҶɻݳСʲôҺƽ֧ܶģ˶ˡ
ҶижֲԵɵ֧ҶӯֻӺõ񹲷ߣԼʼվԼߵǺöĸ
ҶŶˣȫǸж˱ôֿŨҵĸжЩ飬ƽܣʼˡ
þ̳ϲԣҲе顭
Ͼ˵ĺʵǱȵġȴû뵽ֲ˺͸ж
ݺƽܲɵ룬ʱǲĽֲ꿴̫ˣֲԼ󡭡ӲԺϡ
ҶӴӦȲĴԣثiϢ˵ӦˣԼͨѶ¼һثiͨѶϢѾöǰߡ
ǲˣ㿪һ仰ȥءã㡣
ҶѾԼˣݻ̲סСõ۾Σ
ҶԣصԣݣԱߵƽҲֱƺĿҲΪء
Ҷثiſ˵ȴ˵ȻֻƵĻһ䣺޺
޺
ƽݶһֲۣ˵ʣǵ۾ֲǰûб¶һ˿һвҲûκκǵ˼Ȼֲ϶ܸܵõ΢
룬ٴοڣõ۾Ƿ֪
տ˸ͷҶҶĿ⽻֮£ݷҶ˼ԴϴӣֲܸоõСĹϵΪˡ
ܵʱһ񣬾ʹ֪Է뷨
Ʃ˿̣ܴС￴һ˿ǵ۾Ҳֲ²⣬һģǵ۾֪Щʲôֻʲô֪
ˣСǴϻģܸ֪ģСô֪
ݵȫȫķˡ
л˵
ллĵףôôա


56 
۹Ժڴ˯ţһǴ죬̫ûа˯ϰߣǵ۾Ļǲ
۹ Ժڴ˯ţһǴ죬̫ ûа˯ϰߣǵ۾Ļǲߡ
ɴ߳ߣ¥ɨһʱɻ ۹ʱ˵ˣ ˵۹ﶼȥֻе㣬ǵ۾⽻κ˶ܽȥġ
 ֪ĸӵϢ͵͵߹ ˵˵ǵ۾Ƶ۹ʱƵģΪһҪƵģƺ֮һֱţ˵һҪˣǾǸҪҵˡ
Щ˴ţ ۾һֱһҪˡ
ǶǺܾԶĴˣ Ժ״û۾£ҽɫѹӢ˵ˡ
¥ȥ һ·˺ܶྫӵĶԱЩԱһͷ͵ļͣ Ǳ߽ܿ㣬 Сһ սսģʲôˮޡ
Ǿˡôһӣ Ժ׵ɫԽӵˡ
û֣ ɫ£۵ѹӢƼԵ̣ţ˾̽ĳЩΣʱ¶ԼȮݣȥ˵ˡ
ԽߣԽ࣬˾͸ˡ
Ժ׽Ųһ٣ͻȻû˼
˵ϼ仰˼ôһΨΨŵŵӣһӵģִͬһӪġ
ھȷʵѵЩ˺֮ͣӲְȨЩ˾ô
ԺͻȻúѹ֣۹۾ͺȫʣһˡ
Ժ׽ŲһתŴˣһ⣬ֱӳ˵۹
룬Լ⿪ˣȥһС͹ݣЩʳڣûгԶ
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ԺһᣬͿԱǰͲʳԱ߻ãƸһͳʳԺҲ̲סˣ͵վɫõĿһȺԱʣҾô𣿡
Ա˵վһһȺѵѧ
ԺЦһͻȻҲû˼͸ˣԸˣʳһûԣת˲͹ݡ
תתص۹Լķ䣬Լ˷˿
ССķĵ۹ҪѹֵĶ࣬Ժȴֻдһ㣬ѹʯӲǱŲˡ
ɻ˴ϣǿԼ˯ԺȴֳݺǸҶļǶ˼ԼͲǶ׽Ψô˶ˡ
Ժס
ҶԺ󣬾ʹȥһ˹˾һְ˾ȻĲ滹ֵͦģԭҶǸ˾Ҫ֡
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Ҷ߻ˣ
СҶˣ
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ҶߣƽĶѽ
ȻˣҶصر𽾰۶ǡҶɡҫΧ˻һĻء

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Ҷͷһ˵Ǻܴеϵĵطûʲôرġ
Ȼˣǿǵһε۾ģʱ˵ʱõĲϣ˵ʮżϣֻʮŽأֽ˰ˣ̵ĸµһͳò΢һЩ
Ҷ߼ϽϽɷõĻᣬĳףҶߣҸ˵Ѿ뿪˾ˣϲϲ
ҶŲ΢٣̶µԼİ칫ߣ߲ʵӰ첻ΪҲҪˣ뿪ˣӦû۸ˡ
ҶԺã˵
ҶϽ˰ɣоôҿϽԺ׳ĺе°׵ӡ
԰԰۵ѹӢĺù찡
ͬӰ˵˵ţ˵ϽԺסס䡹¡ģûһ˵õģҶñô˵ӣͣ˽Ų˵ûУϽ˺ܺõġ
һ㶼¡˵ֵʱҶԺ͵ǿᵽֵ׺ģʱ߷ֻ֣ΡΡ˵ţô˵ˡ
ͬºɵĿҶҧҧ⣬ܾӵôһӦ֮£ܸˡ
뿪ΪǰһŮ
СҶ
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Ҷ㱻ˮǺ侹ҪȲֻô
ּΧһȺˣЩɫЩ죬Χ˼ۣںǳ˵ʲôأˣɢɢˡ
ָΧߣΧɢȥ״Ҷ˰칫˵С
˶٣ϴ𾴺壬ôҲʵôѽƽݾȻӣ
뵽ʲôָڽ˽Ҷ˵֪ٵ۹㣬ͻȻˣ˻ʲô𣿡
Ӷµģڱˣǻ˵˵ǵļˣģȻȥһ˵仰찡䣡
ָͷ˵ĺз緶˳һȥƽܣ˱ȵ˧ˣ
˵ţԭ˵̫ˣϧʱܽѡ
Ҷԣæ˵ѽСʱҼ棬ƽݾڼҵġ
᲻ŵĿҶĿ𣿣
ȻҵĺҶ˵˿ûʶˣСƻ֣ƺ⣬սҶ˵Ѽֱҵң
Ҷԣ뵽ʲô˵Ҽҵַ¶ˣڴҪʱ䡣
ûû£˵˹ǷˣҾȥ档˵
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ЦϲҶ׺͵ӣݺöˣô꣬ݻûȥ͹
룬ݻӭ
ţְϲҶ˵ܣλʵְġ
ֵϲ˲ɢˣŵĿҶʣôأǴҸǣ
ǡҶҡͷ
ֲҲǣݡƽӣĻںʲô


57 
ʵԴƽѡ񹫲˹ϵиоˣڿԤûˣ
ʵ Դƽѡ񹫲˹ϵиоˣ ڿԤûˣֻǲģôͻȻͲأ
Ҳ˺һᣬŽţ԰ Ҷ壬 Ѿˡ
Ҷͷ˵ûϵҲûϵܺã ֻһݡȫµĹûصһݹ
һ㶣 Ҷ˵Ϊϵ¶ˣ¸˾鷳ʲôŲģϢ֮˵һصĻһݹҺˣ Ҹ޹ءְ뿪Ѿˣ ֻ֪ѡ
ңҼߵĹѾǺܸǹ˾ˣ û˵Ҷûᵽʲô¹ Ҳöʣ ƺҲ֪ҶǾˣ һʱȦˣҶ塭
Ҷο᣺ֲǼˣ Ҷ˵ҼǱߴˣ ʱġ
šʱͷӦ
룬Ҷ˵磬ҵҰ칫һ˰ɣҸǩְ顣
áֱҶŲ뿪
ְ칫ңǩְ飬õЩӵĹʣִԷһӳʵݵҶǰ˵㿴磬˻ɻ
ҶһӵıǡҶҶƽƣΪʲôĲͬأƽܻ𣿡
ȥ˻˵ҶӡӣӲǺܽô졿ǳˣҽ¥ȥѾܹ֤ʵҶ˵Ĳ׽ĶӾƽˣ˵ʧɢ꣬ƽһʼ֪ǸףôǺСʱɢˣµֺݹҲû˵ĸҶҲû˵ܿѹͲĸ֮ǰΪԼǹ¶ȻҲˡ
˵ĸĲ֣ǼԼɡ
Ҷӣɻüָʲô˼ѽϵƽݵӣҲֻһͨѯѰ
Ҷ̧ȥ֣ȴŰԵĹ⣬ƺ¼ΪȤ
ҶȻˣԼ֪ͷŲ֣˿ڣƽûĸԼȡģǲյģͺܺá
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ȵȡָվ˫Щ˼Щڴ˻ᣬҧ˿ڣǸ簡ȥǲɷϽԺ׵İɣǲɷõ𣿡
Ҷ΢һ٣ɵĵ˵ͷ
Ӧڲɷõ˰ɣֻЩӺûʲô̫á
˵ǿ¹ֱȥ𣿡
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Ҷ˶ָ⣬򴽣˵ҲԸ⣬Ӵû̫ıֵ
˵ţҶԼɷõĸӳʵݵ˲ֵǰ
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üһ
ⶼһЩǳԵĸ˰ⲻ˵
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ҶͻȻʲôͻȻСĽһ䣬˲һ̧ȥ
ȴü䣬峺ǵĹ⣬էͻȻ뷨Ƶģ˵֪ôдˣܣҽȥд緢㣬Ͻıʱæҷȥѽ
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գգۣǹϽıǹ˾Ҫȥģʲôæ
ûӦ˾ͼҴҵˣƺżȥϸƵġ
ҶǼŻȥд˼Ҳƽˣæ
ڶһ磬־յһƪ
˯Ժһ
ǡԺסǼڵĺϽ
⿴û̫˼¿䣬˲侫ˣϸϸİƪˡ
ƪڿϽԺ׵ģص˲Ժ׸еΪǼ龫ǡ
ϽԺ׳⣬ʱȫЩڹؼʱ̱ǼڰΣ˵ǼڵİΣ˵һλ
صϽԺΪ佫жܼ֫жܴ򡭡˵øϽԺ涯Ƶġ
ﻹ˵ˣϽԺ䣬˼ϣԶѵ۹İΣǰ桭
һƪѪڣȫϽסˡ
ƪưϽ¡ⶼ˸飬ƨдıƵģϸһַдÿһ㶼вɷøΪ֤ǸɰͰ͵Ĳɷø徭ҶһȻôһͨ˼ı
ѲԺ׿һ飬ѵ۹ľһ飬Ǽģһƪܺϸz籨
Ҷ˼ƨȻдıѵĶǲԺ࿴ۼߣֲɵĶϽ˼ֺ֮ġ
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æеĶ˷ţƽڳͣҶҶк
ְ֣硣
С硣
硣ҶҵӦţϣһ㶣ĿżҴҵҶݿʣСʲôô
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ƽСޣСޣǸˣ
СӦ˵ͦˣһ˵ү˵үûѣ˵ţȲҪͨ
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ƽ˵ȳԵ㶫㲻ܽʳɲΪ¶ˡ
ҶûɸӪ˵ҲģҲǲܳԾǲԶѡ
ô˵ģҲӪյĲˣã˳ȥƽ漴ϡ


58 
⣬ثiҶӭȥĿҶֿʼʼվû뿪Ҷ
⣬ ثiҶӭȥĿҶֿʼʼվû뿪Ҷ
ݺƽҶ ֱӱԣɫܲã˶һۣǰһҶ࣬ ثiһϡ
ثiſһۣ ܿ˻Ҷ˵߰ɡ
Ҷͷͷ˿ݺƽܣ ĸ˵ǰסҶثi˵ȥˣƸҼҵƸͬɣ ΣƸ೤ʱ䡣
ثi߻Ǿ䡸Ҽҵˡۣɫ΢
ǰ˻ôһģĸоԼղŵĻƺǵλصľڲϲ´ģ ŷӦԵʱ ȴ˶ԣ˿ڣ 嵭ģϲŭ
ˣ ͬѾһˡ
ݡƽܡҶԼˣ һ ͬȻѾǵڡ
Ķԡҧ ֪ǰĵ۾ ͬЧ󣬵ݻǴ򿪺ͬϸϸĿ
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ЦǺÿĴΣ׵ıÿһŶӨһı۾Ц״峺ͫɽˮһ˿ʣ·һ澵ӣǵε˼յһ
ثiͷĹĶ΢ָ΢٣ƵԶø˵лл
򣿡Ҷͷثiȴƻرһתͷ⿴ˣҶǶֻķ˿ǰ¶ڷ˿Ķ䣬ǰĶȾ֬һ͸ź졭ڹ£۷ۣӨ͸ģԵرĺÿ
Ҷɶ࿴ָۣ飬Ҫְ桭
Ҫ۾Ķ䣬Ҫ˵󲻾ˡ
ҶæתۣľɫǵĪֳȤζ
ûתͷ˲䣬ǵ۾عͷīɫͫ˿ףװ׵ĳǻ飬ȾͫԣϺõıʯϴȥ˳ֻеƷ
ûлͷ΢ȥеķ绪ÿת
ֱлпתģʼûˡ
ûãǵĿĵˣһĿĵأ˰˳ţҶ̧һۣһʶˣԺһžװ³ԽǾΧ˿ûпԺףüͷ΢
֮ʣثiסҶҶԵĵһ£֣˵־ʵǿӲֻܹԹԱǣߡ
ǣһνݣݺһɵĽǰиʵӣϵƣſվŸ߿ƼܽӴˣϴûúÿ۹˴οŷĺɡ
ǽȥϴβͬģһ۹ݣݣ۾ֱӰ¥
¥һܴĴǰثiɿҶƿ˴ţҶ˽ȥʱ칫ĵط
ҶЩۣӦȣһŷ⴦ͨ칫ǧ
칫ҺܴһѧУĲٳ
ͷ컨һȻ͸ģ˽һЩȶȣȴů⣬һң
ԱߵĴţ촵Ұĸо
˼ǣĵ涼ֻһë̺ʪʪģȥҶѵԼǰµЬˡ
߾Ȼû˵̺¶ߣһЩɳӵϸѹӢϲֿӪԱ߻Щֲ
ߣ̺Ϸһ齣ƺǸСԱ߻׼СӣһЩʳˮ
ҶͷثiثiǡʱĿڣϲ𣿡
򣿡⻰ʵģôרΪġ
Ҷ򴽣ʣȷǰ칫𣿡
ôоƽҰȤζȼ֮أ
ثiͷȻ
˵ţǰԽ˶ԣ´ʲôָһ㣬һǽڴ˼ש˵̺ϣһŰ칫ǽϰźüļ
ثi˰칫ǰ°ͿҶ
Ҷգգۣа칫ǰ칫ˣ
ˣҲ¡
ҶһǰʣҪʲôأ
ثi۾΢У΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ҷ
ثi˵ʱûУҶδأ۹һתϵͳ롣
˵û£Уǻ֡ҶĲ⡭
ثi˵ɹɹ̫Եӡ
ثiҶ˵̧ͷɼ죬ֲܹķ㣬紵Ҳ
ثi˵ţ΢ʲô㺣ҶԭȻã۾ôһ˵ܾϤǰϤ
̧ȥģ˫ƽճ˿͸ȴĨȥǷݳ¶˼ǧҪ˵
ҶգһۣܾҪ˵ʲôҪ£ڡ
л˵
2100ѽ


59 
΢䶯һᣬȴֻ˵һ䲻ʹĻʺɹ̫
΢ 䶯һᣬȴֻ˵һ䲻ʹĻʺɹ̫
Ҷ򴽣ü
ǰ˵ƺ䣬 ٶǰĵ۾ȴתۣٿˣҲˡ
ǰˣ ƽòһ˫˵ӣ ˫峺Ȫˮһۿɹۣûаֻĸд ǰؽĳյĳˡ
Թȥûκӡ
£ Ǿ䡪ҽǴԭ㡣ȴô˵ˡ
ثiʧԺֳ︡һ׷ͫľ
ǾССָСһ㳯ŽǻվľǸһģһƽҰϣϲǸط ǻỹ˵ ССԼˮ޲˵ƬƽҰĻϲ Լָڸ͸¶ԼµԸ
ֻϧǻᣬ ˭û¡
Ǹ
֮ʣ Ʈ ثiæ Ҷ
ҶɫΪѣ ثi˾һ㿪˿ڣԺסϽأ
ثiһ٣Ҷü˵˵ģ֣ʱģҶôˣûп
ſߣثiˬԼ
ثi˿ϵʱӣ˻ʱҲСʱ
СʱûԺ׺ܾ𡭡
ثiͣƫƫ˻һί̬
ίһίҪΪñߣثiָɣһҪתˣԺڲãҪЩŹ
ЩҶ򴽣ˮ͸¶ŶԲԺ׵Ĺ૵ɤҪ
ثiûлػĴⷭӿһҪԽָۣ߬
˺޲ƺòܴõ𰸣ϣ̱ŵӣСƤèɹ̫
֪ǲ˼ûȥմǿûϵ̺
ثiǿط΢ڼƻʲô
Ҷһᣬ̫ɹ紵⣬һбǼΪϲģŲԺױôþӵһһᣬȵˣǲԺ׶û
ҶˣתثiһתͿثi°ͿרעҶ΢㣬ȴתۣҶſ粽ǰοڣֱӵˣԺأˡ
ǻӦ˵ҶˣƽܵͨѶҶһ٣˲һثi㿴ʱˡ
˵ţҪȥͨѶثiְסԷԺһ𡣡
򣿡Ҷ˫գ㲻ƭҰɣ
ثi΢΢ҡͷ˶ԣ˵ԸϵϽԺףԺ׵ӰҶǰ֣Ҷ۾΢ثiʣ鰲ŵΣ
Ժ׻أˡ
ثiһҶ˵ź˾͹÷ɡ
Ժһ㶣Щ죬Ƭ̺Ż˵á
˵꣬ثi͹ͨѶҶҶգգۣۿɼĻϲŻͨѶϲȥһЩüͷ΢ھԥƬ̺㿪ثiߵԶͨͨѶ
ثiǶֻԿƽܵӰ˵ʲôӰԶԶĳ߿һۣɫЩڣ󣬱ɢˡ
ثi֪Ҷƽܻȥˡ
һǽڳһӣö԰ʲôȴҶǰˡ
һ£ߴ˲Ժ׵
ϡ
Ҷվثiſһۣͳɤ˵ɡ
ĲԺһƿȺصţûϵ¥һеİû뵽ᱻ۾й
ʵոͨʱѾһЩãһԭҰ̫¥ԭҰ硭һƬԭҰֵõ۾¥
ң˼Ҷ
ô¥¥ǵ۾һֱҵǸ˵ġ
ɻ¥Ժײŷ֣¥ܴ󣬵۾ָķߣұˮ߾ֻһȺصţţʹ˵۾
߽ȻҶ
˹Ȼڣ
Ժһ㶣߽˶ˡ
̶̼·ΧһŷԭҰطƽ
ĵ̺Ǹ߿ƼĲһСһСƴӶÿһ鶼иӦϵͳܸӦ֮˵ΪӪҪӲ͸ʪȣ̺һ¶һ֣ԶԶţɫ󣬷紵ζǼõӪȻУôӪҲоϷ춥Ĵ̼ߣһů⣬춥Ҳķ˹ΧĴΪ˱֤΢ȴҪķ磬ÿһҪܵļ㡣
ٿĳЩطװ޵ĺۼһʱʱָ¡
۾Ϊһ˼Ȼ٣ͨѶֻһƬ򵥵ԭҰ
ǷһԭҰװ
ԭҰΪֻٵһֻҪ۹Զˡ
۹ǼϽɣ䲻˵Աãǧȴûκġ
ΪѰ˶ʲô˻ϲһƬԭҰһĵط۾ֽҶҶǲ򵥡
Ժиӣ˶˵ǰ
ҶԺףͲƽˣǰȥȴּɵǺŭƢӿ߽ľ룬̲סǰ̤ˣӭȥ
Ҷ󲽿Ժͷ΢֪黹ŵͣ˽ŲŲһС
ԡҶ״ͣһ֮⣺Ͻ
Ǿ䡸ˡžΥϲãܾá
Ժˣǰų˿üĿȴǴ׽ֻԵȥ֡ΪһԶ
ҶͻȻҶ߽һˣ˺ڶñߵĵ۾
һ׵װװ޳ǰװΣͷÿһ˿ǡôӦĵطǱͺÿҲһ˿˼
˿ºͣһӡҶʱŹ⡣
ԺԺﲻʱ˵ĸֳһ仰ŮΪüݡ
ԺһʱЩɱϵĵ۾Щס۾ɨһӳǹɾϵ·Ǹعһ˲ֻһ˲˸˵ĸоȫȻһˣޣȡվǶɥ
Ժͷһָ΢
ôͲǸŷɥĵ۾ˣ
Ժæη˼ȴʾ⣬ʾֱָǰǺЦĸС̫ƵļҶ
Ժ˲ˣ۾˵һҶǸ˿̣ǵ۾˵Ǹʱ
Ժ׳ҶͷԲ𡣡
δ˵ǸԭΪ˵ڣ˿ȴǰ˵šԲ𡹾˵Ѱһ򵥡
ֻԭһֱ˵仰˿һڣǻġԲ𡹱ӵ
˵ŶһѹŵľʯȫȻˡ
򣿡ͻȻǸҶһ㶣òԺ˵ҵĲԡ
죬βѹӢɥһ㴹ţҶȻǴΣɫ΢졣
ϿҵĵǸ־ϲ


60 
ǰӹȻҶˣ֣ûû¡
һ£ȫȫİѱ
ǰӹȻ Ҷˣ֣ûû¡
һ£ȫȫİѱŵ֮Ժˡ
ϾӵǸ
ֵģżԭһ ǰ˴˿̾Ķº޽ˡ
ǳ۾һƢˡӦǱȵ۾Ҫݰɣ۾ᷣһǸͻȻʲôûˣ üĿ׽ȷŸ Ƴǻᡣ
ԺüĿ΢͸ܵԱһ޷ӵߣתͷȥ ֵ۾ʾƺʲôû
Ժü룬 Ȼʲôָ߬ˡ
ǰ˸ס
Ժ׶ҶĿ⸴ӣ꼸οϣסôвڡ
ǰʲôҪ˵ ȴֺΪѣ ſڶû˵ԽԽü ΪѵģҶǰס֣ ˵ ⣬ i˵׼Էˡ
i
iеĲԺƤһ ȥԱߵĵ۾ ȴ·һǵĽлֺһ㣬ӯЦзŹ˼Ժ˿ͬʱҶĿΪˡ
˵۾˵ϲǰˣδĻϲ
һǵĽлϲŭɫĵ۾¶ϲ̬۾˴ԭѰ˵ĵط
ԺﲻûҶݲ򵥣ղŸսʱԺ˲Ҷǵ۾Ѱˣϲϡ
аתǧص룬ôҶʲôĽɫ
ͨͨһСߣһЩϲһЩСһЩΨһ֮žõ۾ϲˡ
Ժ׺ҵţǼߵ
Ͻ
Ժ׻񣬲ŷС߸꣬ѾĲˣ⻹һֱϲˡ
˿ڶ˵Ķ棬һ̧۳˿ԿˣԿ۾Ҷ
۾ͬʳǴδйģ۾ѵʱ٣ԷҲϲ㣬ո۾òͣΪԼˣͣôӦ˿ͬһòͣԺȻвʵС
ҶŶӻϲĺܣû뵽ôͿԺһԷˣĽǶ˵һԷõʱҶ˿ӣӵʱſ沼õĲɫ
Щˡǲ
ҶϵĶЩȷˣһӳһЩɳóɫҪô͸ģҪôɫģ֮ǰҶݡƽܳԵȫһЩʳȵˮյ
ҶԼıǼ⣬Щ˶㣬ûζЩֲķ㣬ɭʱŵֲ뻨㻹еϢۼһһӲˣΪԼȻС
Ȼ磬Ϊķɣ᲻ʱʱ̵̿ӪȻ״̬£Ҷܵõĸڴ
û⣬ûûˮǶһȻϢʳȻҪȻָա
̫ˣʳһȤûвŶԡ
Ҷ֣߬򴽽ǣԱߵثiƼĿ΢һЦ⣬ȡһԵףùҶ룬һװ׿ˮһ֭ҺŵҶǰ
ҶǰҺγŵĽɫкεζ
Ҷûסӳһڣ۾ʱúȣ
ʳﾹȻҲôúȵģ¶Ỵ̄µģϲ¶ȣߺȵĳֲһЩ֪ôζһƬʵʵֺҪˡ
ԺҶģûסȻúȣʮֺζСʱϲմζİưײˣײֻȡģ󣬲Űôһޡ
Ȼôѵá
ҶŲ۵æеӣվĲԺһ룬׾ĵݸôѵãϽȡ
Ժ׶Ĭˣ˼
Աߵثiͷ΢ᣬ˲Ժһۡ
Ҷȴ˿°ͣҲˣ۾ĿŲԺףƺڵȥ
ثiָڽ˽ǰСһȫȫ۵Ŷˣǵ㵴ĺ˲˴׺Ϊһװ׺ɫĹݵ£嵭ģȴ΢˵ע˼ſڡ
Ҷ۾ŲԺףȴſˣһںסĶɳɳģ۷ģҶۣܵһ̰׺ɫ״ʳҲóԡ
˵ţԺһף϶ҲѵãϽԡ
Ժһثiثiޱ飬Ϊһİ⣬Ҷ£óԵ۾ˣת˲ԺǰͶ˺ܶ⡣
Ժڵ۾۵£޿̵ķ꣬˿ڣΪϼмв˰ɣ
Ѱ
Ҷһ㶣ثiʲôˣ
Ҷǲثiһ㣬Աߵثi˵üĿһ԰ģƽʱûʲôҶĲĲˣŷ֣ԼͲԺǰﶼĲˣ˵ﻹյģһӲˣֻͲԺ˳ԡ
е㲻˼ˡ
ҶΪֲһӣвɫһثiǰثiָ΢ҶҶѲǰƣҲԡ
ɤûκ컵еֻкһͨò͵ʵ飬ثiҲܵõǰСһı£򵥵ԼӸߵͣת˲Լӵƶˡ
ثiھͷ·ƮϣŴߴţͺѾϷϷˣثiޱȵ㣬Ҳһʶ˰ǰԼһĶСһ϶ж೹ףҲֻ
ңĸԸثi˽ſӵ֣ӦһͷϸϸƷСһйĲˡ
ʵЩ֮ǰ
֪˲Ǻܽʳ
һӵĲɫǺܾ֮ǰһ๦оģÿһȷǰϲĿζŻᱻ¼ڲᣬҲһЩζҪһЩл¸
ճûһЩĲɫСһ֣ȴ·úó
ԺĬĬĿһУʳͻȻǸζ
۾ʵصΪ˿ζİɡ߻Ϊһף
룬ת˸㿪˶ĬĬĳš
ҶһҲ˲٣ϲʳÿһͦϲģ֮ŵαϣԼĶƤŲԺ׳꣬ȥ׽ӣһͳҲûôˣû¶ɲ̬һº͵ĵݸֽԼеĲˣҶ˵ԸԼ˼
ţҲԺ׷꣬ʹ˹ȥϲĺСס
-ȣԺһڲ˳׵˭׼ôģ
һᣬͺںԼҵˣûκһôԺףԺױƤһļƤ񣬷Եľ
ثiշ꣬ԴһüͷԺˣثi۵Ϯ˲Ժס
Ժ׺ݺݵҶһ˲Ϣˣϲƺ
ڣҶһ£ǲΡΡĸ˻Ͻ
ͳί˾ú˷ǳԲһԺľʲôȵȥһ飬˴Լɿڣڣûã۾˹Ҷˡ


61 
ҶثiͻȻŵĿߡ
СһôߵĿ
򣿡Ҷثi ͻȻŵĿߡ
СһôߵĿͺԼ۸һ֣˲Ժ׾Ͱһߡ
ثiĺ·˴׺ ȴҶתί£·һ㣬̾˿һͷ˵˯ɡ
򣿡Ҷɫ ثi˵
ҶüͷҲ
ԺҲҪ˯ġثi˲Ժס
Ժһ㶣 ͼҶҲת˵ӷ·ѯ
ıثiʾ⡣
ҡ˯ġ
Ҷɿ˼磬 ثiԸϣ һ£Ա߾ͶһΣثiʾԺȥԺţһܿǼ߲ųЦ ĲԶ òԺһ˯һŴϵĴ
ԺײϰߵüҪ Աߵĵ۾ҡҡͷӾͿ˱ۣ ûһᣬ ˯˹ȥ
ٶȿ˷˼
𣿲Ժü ϸƣ Ƽ۵׵ۡ
ҹû˯ã۾϶ע⵽ˣ ˯
Ժȥ۾˷СߵĺΣʳָ˴ߣʾ۾һֱӸŵ۾ߡ
ȥæɣٽ㡣һߣ۾תԸ
Ժһ㶣ɻ뿪ʣȴƿ˽ȥߣš
ԺŽյķţܾԼĪıˡ
¥ʰӶˣܿЩӶÿÿµĺܣȻ˾£ҲͲǰˣΣЩӶ˲ûбܿ͵͵Ĵüɻ󣬿ЩˣЩȴַɿջߣˡ
Ī
Ժüͷߣͼ˾ӵĶԱˣڶԱҵ
̸һᣬ֪۾ǽСԼ֣ۣԺײһʵûа׷֡
ǵ۾ôʾˡסͲ½Сô
С߶е۾ϡiˣҲˡ
ҵ˼Ժ׸ýص顣
ҶһһۿԱŵثiһ㶣͵Ѿˡ
Ȼۣ˯˶ã
һѾߵ˽˵ˡ
˯һ磬ҹ̫ˣûϢãڴƵģķɡ
ҶתȻĵ۾Ǹ⣺Ǹ˯Ժˡ
ģȴ˯˴졭
ԭҶļ䣬ץ񡭡
Ҷ˵Ȼҹʰɡ
ثiţһ٣΢䣬ֳ︡һЦһȱǵ㹤𣿡
ԭСһ˯ģҲûҪΡϾ˼Ͳ˾˹ⲻȥ
ثiһ̫ѨҶ˵Ȼɣ͵˰գϢٲϣ
Ϣֶ˰飬׬ˡ
ҶһĥúܹƽͷӦá
ثiЦԽˣһԶ˹һˮݸҶ쵽°ʱˣͲˣϳԴҲãԵˮӣȥҲò͡
ôһᣬҶ˵°ģݻ
ҶӹˮˮŻ㣬Щ͸Ƭ״ҲһЩɫĻꡭ
ССһףһڣˮǺ𣬻ȻζƬ״໬ģˮȣԴµ¶ȡ
Ҷ۾΢ثi͸Żϲóԡ
ثiĶóԣʳϲ
ثiüĿ΢ϲͺá
ʹţ˵šͺáͷֻҪϲһжһ°ϲá
ָ΢ָ·մǻܱ֮ϲûбõˡ
ҶµĸɵһˮСȵĶӣоӶˡ
ճ˯ˣ˯ֳˣоһѹӢˣһֻˡ
Ҷ˦˦ͷ˦Ī˼ȥߣڴԴԺ׵
֪˼ثiҶ˵߰ɣҺͲԺؼҡ
򣿡Ҷʱ䣬°ʱ仹ʮӣңݻġ
ثi˵ؼǺͬϵݡ
ҶȻôһ£΢һ˼⣬Ҳûʲô𣬶ңҲȷʵ°ˣ/ǰû˸ݷϢÿˡ
¥£˲ԺףҶǰԺϳǰţҪȥǰš
ԺֵĿҶһۣͼ˱ס˺죺档
۾˵ĺ˺š
ӲԺǶǼ߾һֻס˺󾱶ҶèһӾԵù˳ˡ
˳ϲˡ
ԺͨӾţǼϳ󣬾ܳȵ߶ɴת˴⣬װľɫûиܵǻˡ
Ǳʱ˼ߣƬüûͼƽ˳ĻСޣС޴ż˸Щߣثi˳ţҶ³ԺһɣҲ˳
ݼԺףĿһ٣͵ڣƽܼˣҲ㡣
Ժ΢
Ҷűߵļ˵ݣôڣ
ݻûƽȳְ֣㶼֪ෳԴַ¶ˣÿÿ춼ý塢ţǹľ͵͵ģ϶ϲꡭ
ƽܻû˵꣬һ£졣
ثi΢ݿ˵ǻǲء
΢ثiҶסĲ۹λã㡭
˶٣ثiתۿƽܺݣǶס
Ҷû˵ݾͽƽܺҶ󣬳ثiЦһ£ˣѾҺסˣлˡ
⵹ģֻǻҪʱװޡš
۾Ȼ̽ӻȫס۹ֻڼѾȷˣǵĵַ¶ģĿġΪСһУΪֹĿĶԣҪС
û⣬ôҲ˲ݿɲԸ
ǻźثiûǿֻǻпһ˵һ䣬ûжĵĸоҶкŲԺ뿪ˡ
Ŷ뿪ҶȽݣȲĺӷյ顣
СܡݣϽҵǸˣ
һ㶣ƽգһۣЩãüͷӡпɲǻǸӡ
ҶԵúܿģͦõģҸоϻ
СôĵӣĬĬˮĻ͵̫ˡ
ƽ룬ԣҪһ
ɸղżˣĮġ
˵ˣСԷ𣿡
˵ţȥȡҶæ˵ԹˣˮӺñ
ˮˮСܽʳˣ
Ҷ˵óԵˮ
óԣ죬תһ룬ǱϾǵ۹ĳӱҪǿҲģлᣬһ̽ǼģǮС


62 
ĬĬžݺƽܱҶ¹ԡλСϲ¹ԡÿ϶Ҫ
ĬĬž ݺƽܱҶ¹ԡλСϲ¹ԡÿ϶Ҫƽһ
 յ¹ԡʱ࣬Ҷ˼͸˴кݡ
صҶԷϢ۾ˡ
ثiˣ ˵ҪĲԺ׵飬 ǰҪһҪ̸š
ҶϸãŻϢ
һأ Ǳ߾Ϣ˺ܸɴ࣬ ĵĶǲԺСʱ顣
и˵һβԺ׵ӣڶԱʱͱֳ緶Ҳи˵ԺСʱ࣬иԺ׶κ븺𣬻ε ÿÿ Ӳˡ
Ľ֪Ķ˵ˣ˵ ҶָŲԺһɳһֵĴ
˲˯ʱ䣬Ǳ߲ŽԺ׵飬 ú˯
Ҷ һξثi˺ܺá
ʲôԭ İӺܶ࣬  Ҳܶࡣ
˲ٷϢҶطثi˽ļ¼ϸϸĿᵽĲԺ׵飬룬дһƪ
һεıдǲԺ׵ĳɳ̡
۾ģɫдһƪСĸ˴ǣд뷢æȥָ˴Ĺ˾÷ԼҲǼ˺ţȫԼǼ˺ŷԼδǵǼ˺š
һǣŷ֣Լ˺žȻ˺ö˿˿ֱƽܡˣңö˽š
һ֪ԭΪƽϢ˲ΪǼˡ
Ҷ۾һô˿ƪ˴ǷȥͶ˿ˣ
Ҷ̵ţæԺ׵ƪ˴Ƿȥĩˣȥ˷Щ˽š
˽ﶼһЩעС˿ԣƺΪƽְ֣ܰ߳ƺΪСƺˬ
ϵȫǼʶ֪ƽˡ
˽̫࣬һЩٿȫѶ˳һ˳˺ö˽š
ε˽ʵĴ󲿷ֶǲԺ׵飬ƪ˴˲䱻ܶ˿ˣ뿪¹ֺǲٸŲԺװ¡
ýڽĵͲԺ׵ƬˣҶһثiͲԺʱƬ
ثiûժ߳ýǰص۹Ҳδ˵Ҫӹܵ۹ûٿʲô飬һСZˣثiߵˣ˻֪۾ʲôƬȻثiò󲿷עķثiǲԺ׺Ҷ
ҶҲ֪ôЩ⣬Ϊ۾֣ݹҲ֪ǲܶ⹫ġ
룬ҶǱصûᣬֻڵĹԺ׺֪ܽԺô飬صµĲԺʵ顣
˲䣬Ǽը˹
ö˱ʾ濴ϽԺôһе䣬۵ѹӢ̫ˣϾԵװͰ͵ģ˫ǵʱʱ̿׺ѪĹ⣬˳˺ºͿ־壬ѹҪȥһˡ
ȹ󣬺ܶ˳˷
˲Ժھӵ״̬˵俴ģеļθӶԱýǰʱ򣬻ʶΪĶѵסһЩƣ˹һƬǲԺ׻ص۶Ǹʱз磬˳ϽԺһλվ𳾰ĵطԭվǴĶѻ󡭡
ϸġ
ҶЩӣգգۣҲڵģôûעϽϸĵΪ
עһֱϣз϶ܸ֪һЩġ
һûͨҶ˦˦ͷû룬ֻҪͬӡٺӾͺˡ
ԽԽ˳ΪԺ˵
˵ڲϽԺף˵һҺƽĲ͹ݣϽԺһˣֻǿɲǴβ͹ݷԱǰϽҲûȨѹˣǸǮĬĬˡ
˻ʾϽԺͦˣǴڲ͹ܵ˲ĴûǿǴ˷ԱԼǲǺܿ£ɫѾˣҪͨͷˣ뿪ˡ
˵£˶˵¡
еǲķԱеҲʳͣеǸ·ģʾϽȻɫԵúòЩ˻˵ϽԺѹӢŵˣʱ򣬻رܣ롭
˵󣬴һΪϽԺǸµϸеĺϽ
˵ҶϴεıôҾϽξôҴĵ׵׽Ͻ
ҶԼĿĴﵽˣĵĹԣǰһʱӣ賿ˡ
æ׼˯
ڶ죬ԵɵɵҶƽݴкͳ˼š
ſڣثiѾˣҶȥȥŷֳ߲ԺҲڣǰš
Ҷһ˾񣬿ٵ˳ţǰŵġ
Ժڳǰ棬˲ôأ˫Ŵ󷽷ڳϣأһ˾ռǰλãȥˡ
ҶһǰŵӣԺ״һûгͣһҹû˯ãһ۲ۡ
֮߶ĸƵġ
ԺϽЩмܲסְԱһֱĵ۾ÿھܾװ±ۡ
˼״ȻӰϢੲݵ졣
ԺϽ˿Ǽ߶߶ӣĪĺ˼֡
ثiѰᣬҶ׽ſڣҶʳָѹĴϣثiһ㶣ͼҲս΢΢ţϢ΢һ꡹
ôľ룬΢ཱུĴˮľǳŵĻ䣬¶ۣȡ۵ָѹڴϣ񻨶֦ҶòùĴǼ⣬˻ͬʱĵطӴӱǼֱݵϣƽĺثiָ΢ļﲻѣīɫŨȾ鶯ʱԸС
ܿƵָ˵֣Ʋһ㣬ظš
̧鶯˫ôԤײ˲µ¶峺ͬȪˮûһ˿컡
ثiָ΢飬ļĺˮͻȻƽŨҲһ˿
ˡʲô
ңԺ׻ڡ
̵ı˫ۣʱǷӿȴ˿֪鶯ѹȥıƽиɻ˽ָڣȦģϥϣŨӸֳˡס˼΢΢˵ͷݸ¶ˡ
Ҷյ˵ֱȦ˵ģϥϣûзſ˼ôǣš
ֱůΧů·ܴĴݵϣĸȵķ̣ϵļżļһǷݴǷůһ𴫵ݵļ䣬ǻɶͻȻܿƵ˼֡
Ҷð˺ˮ˲֪ʱðĺˮڣĸо͹ԳһֲζҶԺﲻ֪ô֮ǣǱŵ͵ĳ֡
ֻ˵£¶̵ķ·
˳˴糿硣
һգָڷһ΢˶ȥˣȴǿƵ
Ϊ˲ŲԺףһ·޻˵۹Ժ׳ʾһˣҶ۰Ͱ͵ţҪϣثiסˡ


63 
ҶߵĿثiثi˵ػûвúãҪæ
˵ְ꣬
ҶߵĿثi ثi˵ػûвúãҪæ
˵ְ꣬˵ˣ ȲúˣҴ㡭
˶٣ثi˵ȥҰ档
ģ
šثiӦţҶ¥ Ǽ칫ҡ
ҶǿտҲ ŵ۾üʣǽʲôأ
յɹһ̫ɣ룬Ǿثiе ǳ˸нģǸнûʲôá
ثi΢У ܿ¶ָѾ˵һ
ָҶһûϵ̺¶ĵط˵춪һߣҰɡ
ţҶֺ΢΢ʵս һֱƬˣ ֻ뵽ԼһֱšȥƬˣ ƲסԼĸ룬ͿƵĺܺá
ҪЭ龹ȻҶ
Ҷ΢һɣ ǲƬȥˣ վǰһֱ͵͵ʿˮʣ㶪ʲô
 ˮ״ġثi˵
Ҷ£ ѹѹ ģɹůůġ
һͷԽȥ㲻ȫԽȥԽȥҲа
Ҷ۾벻Ƭثiţ۵׽ֳЦ⣬˿ڣЩʪЬȥҰɣȻŪЬˡ
⻰ҶȲЬϡ
ثiӰ칫ǰߵ£̫Ѩǰˡ
Ь˿ţ۵С·ƽС𪣬ֺ͸ŷ۵ۣ˫һͲһӰļߵġ
òˣȴûС
Ҷ֪ثiһֱڿҲģңֻ̫ˣЩ˼ϸϸø룬ƲסСС˳ζ
Ժζá
Ҷ뼳ȡֲ̫ԣֻһװѰƲסЩʱ䣬öһᣬȻûжңڣ۹ĵ۾ƺһ㶼ûд˼
Ҷü͵͵ͷȥǵ۾ڿ
ûذ칫ǰϣעߣƶûô
ҪۣҶΪ˯ˡ
Ҷ͵͵ֵ۹ĵ۾ߵʱ¶̬̬һֻԸõèצһовĶֻʣë׵ë޺ķ·κһ˶ǰߣ
۹ĵ۾ô޺èҶԸǿϢӪ˰ĵգϾʵڰĹͷӷһѰָûٳŵļᣬñѰ˶ϢеҶôһ˲䶼׽
úüΣҶһƬֻһ˵Ĵͺص˴ڵĻΣˣɹ̫ù˼κΡ
۾룬ǳɹģ̶ʱ䣬Ҷĵ׵Ľ䱸ɢ˲٣Σյĸ֪Уȴûдӵ۹۾ϲһ˿Ļ⡣
ҶĵҲ˲٣ûסثiߣ͵͵İѽŻû˸ɸŤչ
ثi΢УȻǰССģϸСȵ𶯣۵ĸð㣬ںɫϸۣСȻﻯһԭ͡
ô˵Լǰܸܵġ
ثiָ΢͵ĺСʯӣĺ˷ӿȴҲһһ
ҵˣ
ǰСľϲثiС߾ˮ״֣˵ģʲô˲õ
ثi΢ǰǰ۾ɨ棬СѾûˡ
ùСҶ͸Ŵ˹ȥر𰡡
ֻһһСˮΣˮ͸ģˮһתŹԡ
ر𣿡ثiĦСˮΣˮϵȥҶҶϷȻһССİť
ʲôں棬ҲثiĬ£Ҷְ˰Сˮ¾ȻˮҶֱϣˮĺ޷ҶССĺһ£ثiЦһ
Ҷ죬͸¶ί滹ܲˮ
ŴɤίèĹ棬ثi΢ˮνҶɲֹܲˮĿռһˮصˮء
Ҷþ棺ۣ𣿣
ҶˮϸϸĴţȥˮθˮ͸ˣԶһ鱦ʯܿ滺ˮģң˿˿ģ
ثi˵ģⶫֲ˵ǼֱһĶ
Ҫֲ֪ȱٵľˮˮûˮǺܿͻȥ
ǻ߻ŵʱ򻹲Ạ̊́˸ɺöû¹ˣСϪɺˣһЩ¶ˮӦԵģ̱ܿͰԼˮˡ
һΣˡããûþˡ
ԺһֱرעⱣˮ֣ôϱˮðȫ
ɱˮز˵ǱҲ˶١
ⶫһᣬЯܷ㣬ҲװܶˮⶫڣµˮĻҲˮλþúþˡ
ҶֵİţΪˮνثi
ǰȻǰţ۾ʼն벻ˮΣϲˮΣȴǼֵø
֪ˮԭԼģثiҲһڰİ֮͸ԼĴ
ثiͷ΢ƵˮΣִҶϡ
򣿡Ҷһ㶡
ثiȵĿϣ˵ģ͵ҵļ񡣡
ʲô֪ĵ£͡⻰ȻȻ˵ˡ
ŵҪһƬҪҲȱˮ״
Ҷˮβţ𣿡
ǰͻȻս˫峺ӣԼ
Լľ뼫ܿͫӳԼĵӰثiͷԼģ񵱳ͫľ鿴Լһ˿̲İԼװĵףθ浽ڣƺҲһúõעԵ
ثiͻȻãǰһֱֻװУ˵ôһˮˣҪϵǣ˿̶ԥĴӦ
ثiñϢһӦϢᣬƻǰһС
Ȼǰ˺ӦһлΪȻֿٵֱҲԶثi
ثiָ΢Ҫס˵ְŶƵ˻ȥ
˿վǰ˵ɣ۹һӵˮǴɽɽȪˮҴȥˮˮװǴġ
áҶһ㶼⣬קסثi֣˳
ثi΢˽СֺԤ˹΢ĵǵ͸ִݵȫ˶Եģثi˽ָڣҪͬڳקסǽ۵֣ɸն˵־ͼĳ˻ȥ
ثiſտҲֻ֣ﶼյˡ
ҶվثiǰͷֵĿثiһֱҲߣ˳һȴԼСȣȻʲôæԼĿŸˡ
ثiĶ֪ǰСȫˣ˰ûٶԣתߵǰ棬Ҷæϡ


64 
˴ţһߣԵˮˮһ㣬ߵ˵ףǴһˮ
˴ţ һߣԵˮˮ һ㣬ߵ˵ףǴһˮأοյģ űɽ йܵˮˮڼɽˮأˮغ壬 Կصףص׾Ȼܷģ ·пնˮԴԴϵһһ㣬ӿ¡
⴦Ȼǻˮ
ˮֻҪˮ¾ͻԶװˮ⴦ˮȡ
Ҷԣ ԣ ˮηˮ»΢΢̹⣬ ˾ͻ⣬ʾ Ҷ ˮΣ ԽԽϲˡ
һر ϲ
ˡҶƫͷǰˣ ܾ˶ֺˡ
Ŷãǻûôദܶϸ΢СԼܾԼ˷ˣָоƽܡǶûܹġ
ԼӦþǹ뱻͵ĹϵΪʲôԼôãҶʾ֭룬ȴ벻Ȼ
벻ҶͲˣȻҲثiûиʱ䣬ˮԱһ¥ݣ˳ˮԱߵ¥ߣֱߵ۹ݶϣŷʵˮϷҲȫοյģ͸춥ֻ춥ڴţرҲǿԵġ
˵۹ݶϷڲһ³ثiȥҶ֡
ҶϣҲ³һϳ³ָرŴʼߣһֱ˵۹ɽɽ
ɽ澹Ȼһأ¶ؽϴһů紺ΧҰݣҰӣһ·͵ŵ̺ثiҶ³
Ұմ¶ˮЩҶܼ⣬Ҷţֺѹѹ˿ǳţӦô̴̵ġģҶһ⴦ãĿ
ԱߵثiվڱϣԶתͷҶ˵Կ۶
Ҷ˳˵һ
д۸ӵĹ·ÿһվÿһľۡĽﶼĿ
һվ۶۵ףҶԺֳ︡׳ۡ֡
ͬʱҲ۹֮ǰָʱ۾ǱּޱȣټۡҶԺƴճһЩʱ˵ͷ
ĵ۾ǰҲһjun¾ݵɡ
ҶȥԱߵثi΢鷢ҵƤڰĲϣһֱУֻǷ羰һɵվǣ޳˾ԴߵֻǼ򵥿羰£ָŽɽ
ҫĿŲۡ
ҶȻӿɶһ£۾΢У࡭Щֺÿˡ
ҵһο羰ʱ򣬾
ڵǼʣѾ̫ƽˣˣҲҪٶˡ
ҲǰȺˮݵϴɹɹϲ̫һ¡
еǲ£ԭսʱݳ޵Ը񣬶һһʵˡ
ţثi³ȡһӣӣȡһӣ˲ݵϣٰڳ˺öĵƷ
ڷźãҶ֣
Ҷһ㶣ǰһУã紵˺ϺůˣݵثiҲĿڷųĵĺܾҶѾԹ˴ĵˣ֪ǿ϶ǼζģԱߵƷɫÿǰ
֪˿ǰ϶ǶܣҪһӣثiܺãչԼ
ǣҶˣثiüͷ΢΢šǿڣ˵ɷ羰Ļ
ϣûʲôµĻҿȥϽҿԲҪʡҶ˵ƺ˾ơ
ҶثiϵůۿɼĶüĿϷ·һ˪˻ȥ˺ܾã绹Ĵȴ֮ǰˬ˿˿⣬ڼͷȴůˣҶоЩ䡣
΢ɪģûӹثi۾ثiǰˣۣƬ̣̾˿ȡһ磬ǰΪϣ˿ڣԺæﲻʲôæ
˵ţʧĴ΢ҧٴγǣҵĶԿ
Ҷ۾ثiţޱȣ
ʲô
ثiԵЩҧݣϡƺҲٴӿˡ
ҶһҪiĳƺԳƺرƽϣƺҲرϲ˺i
Ҷæֺõ˼i
ثiɫ΢ãϵĶһᣬӳһ棬Ժվڵ۹ָһЩ˶ľӶԱǰƺһ壬˲ÿһЩԱߵĺСģƺĶԺҲԵúܾ衣
ͻȻǲʲôտһۣĻҶ
Ҷ΢Աߵثi΢𴽣ЦһСͶϢĶԣҲܸ֪һġ
˵ţҶͿثiͷŶԣûһᣬͿĻĲԺһ£ɨһۣüĿ⣬רԼ¡
ثi˵㿴Է飬ææȻ͹ˡ
˵ţصԣҶæְסأԾ֪Ͻһ춼ʲô
˽ӡ
ثi̾˿ɿ֣ǰˮԵġ
ȻܣҲ˵óԡмעʼմ󲿷ֶĻĲԺϡ
ԣԻԶʶΧڵԣԣ˲Ժף˿̲ԺѾæ֮ǰ£ص˰칫ңڰ칫ǰļµľǲԺ״ļӡ
µƬŵԼǼ˺£ġڷܹĺϽ
ثi΢ԽյܶǼۣҶͿҶĶԣƺϸЩۡ
ҶȷʵڿЩۣ۴󲿷ֶڿϽһ˵ƽݵĸףôǵճΪϽ˵
⻰Ҷְֵģƫġ
ţԭȾеƽƬֱȥ֡ҵĺöǡ
һۣڿƽݵģ˧Ϊеȵȡ䵽ҶĿȥˡ
ôΪģ
Ķ˧Ϊؼһ޶
˲ЩǼѼֱ֪ÿεƽݵʱǶ˶һεӣͷ˵
ְֲǸ
С϶һ޶ġ
ŪԼһ㹲ͬжûУ
ҵ֯ˣǶǼ˺£ͬ
ĬĬžһ̧ۣҶͿثiĿ
Ҳճɡ
򣿡Ҷһ㶣ͼ˵ĶԵĽ棬գǶˡ
˷Ǽ˺ȥ
˵Ǽ˺ˣȴû
򣿡ΪʲôҪѵ۾ƬԼǼ˺ȥ۾ҪǼ˺¶Ҷ벻ͨ۾ΪҲһ벻ͨˣ㲻ˣʲô⣬
ֻǣؼڣһҪعģʱǼ˺ϣôе۾Ƭǻ᲻ǣ̫ˣ
ȡȵȡҶæİ˰֣ڵס˾ͷ
ثiתͷҶ˫Ҳ֪ܾ̫ˡ
۾ƢٺãԼҲǲϲǱ˾ܾģϾǸλߡ
Ҷָ룬ѡ˸еķӣ㡭ľ£ɡ
ثi˿ϵĵģҶ۵ײŲҶȴͻȻüͷҲá
Ҷ˿͸оͻȻһȣʮָ쵽˵ϷȻԼٵƬ


65 
Ȼһգ۵ĹƬǼ˺ŷ˳ȥ֡õͣõˡ
Ȼ һգ۵ĹƬǼ˺ŷ˳ȥ
֡õͣõˡ
Ҷ𾪵ţ һ۶ԣǵһμʶԵˣĿĿƱ˵԰
ãֻǷƬ ҶƬҲûʲôҪģ ˳Ǽ˺š
Ȼ֪һϢǼѵ˲²⣬û뵽 Ϣƽݶ𾪵Ѱ
ԣרĵĿԺף ǿӵֶ˺ü飬һֱͷ
ҶۣתͷȥһԵĵ۾˿ߡ
˫˵۾·˵Ϊʲôһ۾ôУֻһϽȴôæ
ثi˫飬 ΢һû˵
˯ǰ鶼źˣ ȷû۹Ҳ˵ ۹ʵûһѡæҲѡæ
ЩȨǮûйϵ Ȼѡæ
Сһôһ ثiԼ̫һ㡭
۾ſڣ ΪԼһЩʲô ȴ˷ʧȥԸ ĿֶϽԺ׵ϡ
֮󣬲Ժһֱļ˿ƺЩģ͸ɴſ˲ݴſſţ۾ͿʼǣثiţɨһǼ˺ţ賿һϽĴǡ
ˣǲúϢ

ثiĿ΢Եһ˿ĬĬĿţûֹ˯ߣΪʣס˿ʼͷ˶ӰٽŵĽ£䣬ᣬΧ
Ȼһᣬ˯˹ȥ
ثiţ˶ԣ£˻ڻһᣬͷɹЩˣٽᱧ𣬻˵۹
ķ˷ŵ˴ϣثiһ㡣
İҹ˯ļ㣬˵ط޲
һҶ˯ļãٴǱŪѵģһͿһŷŴĿ۴һԵѹӢҶգգۣΪԼһѾȻܼԼӡ
ȥӵͷȴɿ֣ͱƮıӸסˣ˲վֱˡ
ҶŷӦڸǱӣűӣէϲ
бţ˿ڣӲȴ˾˯һˡ
˯һ죿
Ҷ͵𣬿˿ԵʱӣһˣҪ˵ˣ
ֱһ˯°˰
ϸȥʳˣܿͻ
Ժ˵ţԱùЬݵҶĽűߣ׽ģ˵ҪТ˳ԼݣҶ΢ȻΪԼµĲԺףеϲôҲزסˡ
ֱӷӦϡ
ڲԺ׵һĿЦĸС̫Ƶġ
˶˶ҪԶ볤ȴͬÿÿƵޱȵ׽˻һĻ⣬֪ľͽůݸ
ԺϲЦҲϲ׽ϲʱůüĿҲһЩȫ˵ȴû߶Ļ
þ³ģҲˣɱ˷Ѿϵ⣬ȻԵ㡣
˵ţҶһۣ˵Ҳ̫ˣֵ㡣
ҶĿŲԺףǻԼһ˵Ż֮֮ǰֱһһء
Ҷϲ÷·Ҫˣ˵ȻȫӦ
ġҶ˵˳ģһ޻ǣ
Ժ׿ҶüۣΪ۾ϲǰ˶һ⣬ôģСƵģֻҪڻúóšš
ķˣ¾ˡ
Ҷ´ŲԺ׶˵˵ͻȻƿثi˽ųʳǳʳһǸĶˡ
Ժһ㶣ثiʾ£Ҳûжʣֱӳ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
Ҷһȥץץ˸ա
Ŀ뿪š
ثiǰǸݸҶӣȥ
ȥ
ˣ˵ˣҪ°ˡ
ǣŸոպͲԺ׹ϵõ㣬ŲԺ׶˵˵
ҶĿǽյţԱߵثi΢ƻĵƮƮҶĶԡ
˵Ȼڵ۹ͿʱȥҲԺˡ
Ҷ۾һثiثiīɫͫЦ⿴϶ĵ˵ͷȫݳ衣
ҶĶԺֳ︡ƽӻڵԼȥء
ѵҡҡͷֽӹثiǸˡ
ثi΢вײʧ䣬ܿͱȥõ⣬Ҳûһξܳɹ
ҶߵһԵǰǸǸ֮ͨǰüĳʦԼԹ廬廬ģϲȴһˬ͸Ҷ΢࣬ܺóԡ
ողԺ˵ثiġû뵽õ۾ôá
Ҷжثiĺøвǡ
µĽǸˣثiţԺãҶǰѾſˣܲҪȥˡ
ݵˣ
ҶæȥԣոտʱӻûʲôϢԣͻȻ˺öѶϢ
ҶüثiĿثiƵŹĶϡ
ôһͶˣ֮ǰûϢΪԡ
ûʣثi˿ڣ˯㣬˵ģһ˵ˡ
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Ҷûٿڣ˵ˡ
ȵȡثiǰõĳʳݸҶûʲôЩǸȥԵġ
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˶٣һi
˵лл˵Ҫлûл
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ֻڶ˼ܣثiϵƺһ֣ÿÿʶе
Ҷثi˰˵
˶٣תثi¶Ц˵i
¶ݵЦȾԣһʱȾثiüĿЦ⣬ĿԶ룬Ļһࣺ
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ҶæȥСܡݡ
˹ͨѶ
ְ֣ôͨѶ
Сûʲô°ɡ
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ճʮָˣİ
Ƕһ˲Ϊһˡæ绰ǰȷϣǰ˵ĵ绰ôͨҪ۾Ϣ˵ϰʱ䲻ɴţòװ°࣬˸䲻۾ȴ˺۾i


66 
ҶԣϢճ⣬˿ȴһռԺ
Ҷԣ Ϣճ⣬˿ȴһռԺ
ô֪Ƭǫiģ
üͷ΢ ص
ݻˣԾϡ
Ҷһ㶣æȥƣȻ󴦵Ķ޵¶棬ڣ Ҷûôϸģ ûע⵽󴦵Ķԡ
ֻҪˣܲ³ֵˡ
Ҷյüͷ ¶棬ûĶԣ
ҶƵ˵ճǫiġ
˵ţ Щˣ˼״Ҳûˡ
ƽֲ˶˵ȻؼҰɡ
ϳƽܿҶĶʣְ֣ ʲô
ҶеĶ ƺһЩʳ˵ǫiĳʳ ĶܺóԵģȻȥһԡ
۾³
ͬʱȻ ʳУ ζ
ƽ̲סٴγְ֣ ȻǸǵ۾ڡ
û꣬ ֱԱߵײһ£ ײûˡ
ҶüֵĿŶ˵ôˣӸղֵֹģǵʲôֱʾͺˣȻǿӣ֪ͺãҺͫiôˣ
һ
ڿɲҿӣǰ˵Ķ䡣
ƽûٿڣ룬Ҷ˵СǾ֪ǵ۾ദĺòã﹤ϰ𣿡
Ҷԣ˵ͦõѽiͦദġ
Ҷ˵⻰˵ĳʶѺܺദһȻö΢Իۡ
ţ˵Եõͳ˼֣ϰ㡭
˯Ҳһˡ
iܺã׷Ҷ˵ţֿ˿ʳ˵׼ԵĶÿοζһ
Ҷ˿ʾһ㶣Ҷʲôֻ˵õһԱĶƽܻݴǶ˱ʾҪĶҶʣһĳΣˣҶȣңǱ͸ҶģתָҲãҶҲǣ
˵Ҷ˿ˮɫŹ֣ƽѾƳⶫĲѰԼ˸ǿƼ˾ģ֪ⶫж߿ƼһֱоСˮ䣬ǹ˾һװüͰˮıˣʼû취ᣬȻôܡ
߿ƼڣҲǾ޽еģ޽еĶ͸ǰˡ
۾Ҷ
ݡڶ˷֮ʣҶĽлæֱȥҶҶ˵ܽʳˣʳ⣬ǳӵ⣬iľͺܺóԣȻǳԹ֪ˡ
һʱ鸴ӣҲΪǳӵ⣬Ϊ۹ĳӸ߼̻Ǽҵģû뵽ǵ۾벻
ԸС³СġҶ˵ŵ۾ΪܾиͷҪ֮ˡ
ƽܣƽܴ˿Ҳ룬ɫŹֵЩŤˡ
һǰҶ˵ثiʱȫ˵һҪõһûаֵĲԾ
ˡi峺Ҳֵ컡
ͻȻЦˣЦЩײֻ
ǵ۾˼˵Сᣬﶮʲô鰮
˰СǶ˵ضԶ
СǾܳϿģйţǸоԾ϶ܵģûʲôɵĵġ
ͨˣݲپᣬƽҲˣüĿˡ
صҵʱС޵˳ӭӣɾ³һ̣ͻȻ˼⣬ҶһתͷͿӰԶˣƽݾһȥ׷
ôһ⣬ɫãҶˣһţƽܾͿʼɧ
Щûû˶ÿÿÿҹÿҹǶҶˣ
Ҳܲˣ˵ǰҰɡ
Ͱᡣ˵
ƽüʣǱ߲Ǹװ𣿻ûвúá
ݵͷ˵ţԣԿȥǱ߻죬ܲˣǿԳȥס죬ҲǸ£ǻεӱĵˣ㡣
ƽҲֱӡ
ϲɹ¹ԡʱ¶һǱĵ
ƽܲٷԣãͰᡣ
ݿҶС
ҶոԺֳָثiǾ仰Ȼްɡ
ովͷסźǰȻס۹ȥɡ
ôţҲ˵ˣɫһ䣬ƽֱӾܾˣҲȥҿǵ۾ûš
Ҳҡͷ˵Сǵ۹Ͼʲôõĵط
Ҷü˵ǲԺѾҺ׽ˣֱֱڼӰѾͻˣʱҴ۹ĸסһ顣
ƽҡͷͬסȥ
Ҷ˵ðɣȥס졣
˴㵡
Ҷ˵ҪڲԺ׶׽ϻڻѵãסȥסٻ
¶˲ͬ⣬˵ܿģңѾˡ
֣;
۾ԼɰǺĲᣬҪǰ˷ֿˡ
Ӳֲֿ¼ҲС
Լڣ˿ĵͷǿЦЦ˵ǶСġ
Ҷ¶Цգʳóĳʳڳ˵ǿ԰ɡ
ƺ֪Ҷָ˳ԣЩʳ࣬һӡ
ݺƽţĺܣ۾ǸɡһӵĲˡȻʽ̫ÿų㡭
˶ǳԹ͵ˣ˿̶ζĴ
ƽǰֱӣֱӼĲ˳һڣһ߲ˣ͵ĸͨ˲࣬ǳԽˬĿڸ΢Թʳˣʵ޵ģȷʵǳģ˺ͣʳԭʼζͬʱĿڸУ˳һھղˡ
ƽ֪Ϊʲôְֻôϲ۾Ĳˣ˵ȫϲӦʳİְֵĿζ͵ζڸоޣʳֶ⡭
ݴ˿Ҳ˳۾һƽܣղĿҶһۡ
۾Ϊǰ˷˲˼
˽һӲ˽ˣһӡ
˧ƨӰۡºŵ׸޵ļߣ˿̼һͨ˼ҳ극һ̱ɳϵ㡣
ͻȻҶ˶뵽ʲôȥثiϢ
˺ܺóԣˡ
һųֻʣ¿յӵƬ˹ȥ
СҲϲԡ
ܿ촫Ϣϲͺá
ҶüĿӦһ˵ţϲ
˵ллҶֹȥi
һƼƺثi˴Ȼи˵鳯
Ҫˣ⼸ջȽңڵ۹סգ𣿡
ثiɿĻأ˺ƵġȻԡ
õ˵ĻظҶ΢ϲϾͿϻزԺˣثiĸмɸ
ַֹȥi
ǾһiܴԼĸмһַ˺üiȥ
ڵ۾ǱߣͿĻġiĴĽлһһ˸Сһߣ쳤ؾõ顣
㺰֣ɺãثiָ飬˾仰ȥ
Ҷţ˵ѽ
˵ţԱߵƽۣ֪ΪʲôͻȻܸ߳Уվڶ˵ɻ£˵һ䡸ȥ˯ˡյܻԼúü鵽û¥ŶԺ˼i


67 
ȫͨ ֱֻͨ溰ã˿ȴѡ ûôΪƵġ
Щܻi£ԼûԭǲϲiƺģȴȻȻĽг ûаֲʣ ͷĲϲѾɢˡ
㿪˺üiثiһʱ
ˣһһĽĳƺʱԼϻˡ
ثi鼫á
ţ ûϢҶĹԣ Ҫ䣬˯ˣ˿ȫ˯ŵģţ뵽Լǰ˵ˣ ԼҪ˯ˣ ȥԼԼ̨ô
ôţ Ҷ˻˴ϡ
۾ȫ˯ţ Ժثi
Ķܺð ʲôأ
˵֮ǰҶ ثiԼԼʱ򿪿ڣ ĺˣ ȥ˽⡣
ϾԼһĻûɡ
Ҷ룬ѯʣiҵҪʲôأ˵ûʲôɣ
ӵϢثi΢æһ䣺˭˵ûУһֱ¡
򣿡£Լô֪Ҷ䣬£ĶǳԺ˯˰ɣҵڻԼأôҲ°ɣ
Ҷɻ󣬶洫һ仰
ңϣһֱҡ
Ҷ͵һ仰·̵һ㣬ԣ־̵۾һ۾ɾס۾Ǿ仰ҲǸԺҪǾ仰һڴϴ
Ƭ̺΢ִ۾ǳ£գָܵõԼ̵þˡ
࡭ôô˵ء
飬һõĴʣҶûбҶʱ֪ʣҲǵԼʲôʱ֪ģô֪ˣֻ֪иĵλΪǷ֮ģֻҪԶµ
Ǳ֣ɭıֶǶеģû֮ǰһֱһѹӢܹµиһֱܷʲô±˴˲벻һõ飬Ҳȥҹôڣãʱ֪ˣվֻǱ֣ע˾ֻйµֱӡ
ӲǸԸ˵ˣи˵顣
ָоȫһģƮģһ壬עҪһģעģͱ˰ŵģ಻ǣԼŶ̶ʱա
Щʱգȴ˵ϣһֱ顣
Ҷסؿڣо˷һֻӽȥֻçײҴܡ
ûκζάϵΪһЩʱվͿϣҲˡ
ʲô
࣬ͼӴࡢ࣬¹ֻ࣬˿̣Ҷثi˵ڿǾ仰һ̣Ժֳ︡ܶδһĻ桭
ڴثiһġ
ǻܰġ
ҶԣǾ仰صʲôȴдɾɾдһ仰ûȥ
ڣûã˴ϢһЩĵĻҶ˼Ҳ˲䱻Ļϡ
ΪֻģûþͿԽ⣬֪Ϊ˯ȫû˯⣬ΪثiĵͶ˾һֱһûһ˴ҹҶ˯ŵʱѾ°ҹˡ
Ҷ˯ŵʱ򣬻Ժ룬֪ĿһʼʲԺ׵⣬ո˵ˣȥϰ࣬ºͲԺһԺ׶ͬĻиʱӽˡ
ϽԺΧ˷·𶼲
˿ߣСһ۶ҪŲۣڵĵطԶһʮ׵İȫ룬ûʲô˶῿ʮڡ
ڡ
Ժ׿NδԼ߹ȥĶԱ΢üǶԱע⵽ϽԺڿȻĵ»һǾأûյĿ־塣
Ժ򴽣˵ͷŶԱ뿪ֳ︡⣬תߣȥٵĵط͸͸
һţԭĵϽԺ׷ԼĪĳʣ˶ࡣ
ܶ˻ֹЩǲˣ͵͵Щ˵Ŀк桢׽ȴΨûϽϤĺ¡
Ͻüģ룬ǲæתƵæκˣ۾Żˡ
һ뷨·е˲Ͻ;ˡ
ŶһԼۻˡ
˱ۣǰȴôһȺٺԼ׽ˣȺоȻкüһѹӢ
㵣ǰߵǰսһŷֻǷǿȥġ
Ͻüͷһ
ⶫ޲óȻ˿ȥܺÿ
Ժ򴽣ͻȻֱ۱һ£Ժתͷһŷһű׻
Ͻô
˵ţԼı׻Ͳǰ˵ʣ𣿡
Ժҡͷ䡣
ϽԺ׵ɫΧΧȺͱԺͻȻսסǼ۽ѹӢʱˣѱ׻ȥЦŴӶͳһѹӢߵϽ˵ǳ㿴ɣͦģе
˵ţԱҪ۴ԺƤֱĿ⸴ӡ
ǵ۾ǲ뿪۾ģ۾״ãңƽʱҲôҪˣ۾㰴ڵĹ˹أݶ°࣬Ǹͨһ
ʼûʲôһżپͳȥ棬仯󣬵ƢԽԽţԺھ˵ϻҲƢһ䣬ͳ
˵Ǽʵ¶ЩԺйء
ûһγɹԺ׽롣
ǲиġ
Ȼһ˴⾹ȻǸѹӢһϽɫƿ˵ˣֲǲ֪Ҷᡭ
Ļû˵꣬ͼײһ£ɲ˵
˵ǼΪΪ۹Ͻı־ǼھϽӵ֮ܺ˵
Ժۣ͸¶вЦң
Ǽ˭֪ϽԺõľģ˾¡񣬾ԼܵľӵĶԱҲˡ
æҡͷ۾ŵĵԲ˵ҿûУ˵ʵǼڶôΪ
˵ţԣ˼ҳݵ˲Ժ׵ǰ˵ţԼƣͨ
ͨ
ԺüһۣԴź󣬵ҲԽӴˡ
ӣƺҲԼһʱڿˣһ۾ƮǲƮϽϣϽľ档
Ժ׷˸ۣøƽϣͷϵҳ
ҳһƪǡԺסǼڵĺϽ
ԺüһĿеİѱˣɫŹ֡
ͨƪڿԼ֪ԼôáдƪԼȫ𣿰ô䣿
ɨһ۱ˣһҹ˾¹֡
е죬һҳһҳһƪ˴ǣǴͷŰ˸顭
һˣһǡҶ
л˵
ֿʼֿգϱֿĸֿյӰˡѪ


68 

ˣ ǰ¹ְɷԼʱҲǶ¹ּߵš
Ժţ սϲɣɣ˼˼һôá
Ժָ΢飬ҪصԣۼֿİѶ㿪ˣָɣ ϽԺ׷Ϣ˵ҰҶǼ˺Ƹˣ ôãǵȥעһ
˵ţԽԽ߾ۼ˵㻹ǻȥɣ ⣬˻ԽԽġ
ԺΧɨһۣ ͷ˰֣ǻӱ𣬴ùԼı׻һ߳һ߳ĵطȥˡ
Ժ׻ص۹ ӵĶԱ һԱľ壬Ȼࡣ
ЩӵĶԱص۶ һӦ۶ҲǼѻ ῴ۹š
ҶЩӰǼʵڣ ֱӰߵˡ
Ժ׶ȥҶǼ˺š
ѾϢ ƪ ƽݵճ ǵճм侹Ȼġ
ջ˺͵۾ġ
Ȼӣϸ˺·ݾȻǺصġ
ңÿһڿ
ۣΪЩݣԭ߲ӡļŤת󡭡
ЩԴҶ
ҶΪʲôΪԼز
Ժ鸴ӣֲһЩ޷ӵů
˭һ˶ԴůģǸ˳ЦС̫ҲС̫һɢŹȡ
ָ΢΢˶Ǽ˺·ĵ˸ע룬ҳعע
ڶ죬˯Ҷѵ磬ⷿҲ˯˲ʱˣⴲһɵʱΪϲģȴȾôӲĻţûе۹Ŵɣûů
ˣҶɴˣȥ칫ң˵ղԺ׻һһ㵽ӣҲ㡭
˦˦ͷҶ˦Լ˼ֽ𴲴¡
һĵȥ칫ҵûע⵽Լ˷ܵ
ƽһͿ绨һҶһС׼š
˽һ㶣ǰС
ѽҶ˵ţŬŬ죺ţ͸ˡ
ƽܿ˿ɫüͷȥϰࣿڻɣ
Ҷͷţȥi˵ҡ
Ҷԣио仰ثi֡
ʱǰСʱǰӹҪСʱ˶һۣߵش¿ȻǸīɫ̷ĵ۾
ƽţҶС䣬õ򴽣ˣ޼죿
Ҷգգ˵˵ãŪסϻزԺףҾʹס𣿡
ƽܣ
˵Ūס˵ϻزԺף
ݷҲʶˣҶһۣܾýСЩطһˣﲻһȴһʱƲֻ֪ǵ۾ʱ򻹰䲻ȵģ缱ææĳţȴǵ۾Լˡ
ǵ۾˼ݶ˸ۡ
˵СȥǿԣҺƽܻᵣ
˵ţҶԣ˵Ϣʱ䣬ʱҪʱҺƽϵÿСʱǻ㱨һϢԲ鷳ԿӸ֪𣿡
ÿСʱҶ㵣˵һвУ
Ҷûô͸¶Ҫί
Լӡ
ҶͷһСʱһһ˯˯˰죬Ҷֻŵʱ˯ǰǵ˵һ
ƽܳ˵Ŷְֿɲֻ緢
ҶգգۣһƽܣһݣתԽ˸ȺѶ˽ȥҾ߷
һȺǡһˡ
ݺƽŵͷҪҶš
һǧҶҪСģҶͷյüһξԼЩ
ҶŶûסƣһ·߶¥ۼֿĽƽ˵ǱˣȥͰɣ˾ͲóˣˣǷϢģݰݡ
˵ţһˡ
һ·Сŵ¥£ԶԶľͿ˱ڳǰصܺ㣬Ϊ˼ů⣬ٶ˲٣Ҷͷ΢һĪļ¶ؿھþòɢ
⼸һֱһ飬˴ޣǿǰܾǺܾòˡ
Ҷ˽Ų̧߽ͷĿԣҶ紥תߣЩ͵ץס⣬ǹĿ
ǰһϢҶ͵̧ͷŷ˲֪ʱߵǰ΢ĿЦ⣬īͫʱһֻˮ̶ɴ˿̶ȴ麣ÿһζڳӿʹ˼ֳ麣֮еĴ
Ҷ㶵Ŀǰˣͬһˣȴܾýյˡ
ҶףСļȳĹĵ㣬ҶһƬհס
Ϻá
˵ͳɤ𣬴΢˯İƣԸеҶͷƤ飬Ҷɫ̣ܾԼ·ǲˣǰˣֱֱͷȴǣⲻǵһǣˣһǴżӵԼļȴ˲һĸܣӲļӽӴļһսĸоǴըӣӵȫͬһģҶ·𱻾˦ˡ
˶Զ٣ҶŷԼӦڼңڵԽ˵졭߰ɣϡϽҪҪõˡ
˵ţ˳ϲûпԺ׵Ӱ΢һ١
ثi˹źã˿˵Ժڰ칫ˡ
˶٣ثiֲһԴСӦĲʳԡ
á
ǰСһûûεӦšá˿ûеĲثiĵ̾˿ҧź΢ȥһ飬⼸յദ̸ΪԼСһ΢Щһˣڿˡ
ثiЩȻϲСһﲻµĵĳЩʱֺ޼ݲ鰮Ĵ⡣
ثi۾ҶҶۣڴм㣬һֻóԸèſһԼë͵鼸ֺۣԼˣثiеǵȻɢֻǧֵĻϲϲǰ˽§ڻĶţתߣƵĽ˽ָڣһóһµСľУݸҶ
򣿡ҶӹľЩɻ󣺡ʲô
˵ţߴˣһ͵ĵģĸо
ثi˵ȵӡ
ثiܴӸֵطóʽƷͳʳȻ󽻵ݸҶ˵šӡʱؾ͵Ҷһ㡣
Ҷ۾ȷʵΪثiĶóԶûг֤ͣǶԵġ
Ӵͱˣ㣬еһʳȤ˴ȴڴ
Ҷ׼ҧͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģثi˸ƬˡһˡȺٵĴһ仰ҺܺãڳԵġ
Ժ󣬲΢ҧһڣڼŨζǲ𣬵ģյʱܻյˮ
ҶŴתͷثiȴߣҶеĵģʵ𣿡
ثi΢һ㶣СһûгԣثiĸˣͼСһҧĵĵݵ£Ҳӡ
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ثi˼֣ȥСһĿ·ҧһСڵĵġ
Ĳ󣬻һ³һ˳ԣһһȫԵģСһƷһֻҧһСڣ˺ܴһ飬ССӡСһӡȥġ
СһôԼԹĶݸˡ壬ɶе˼
ثi˼֣Сɵӡƻһ㣬սӡӡ
ǻֱĶеûжҶܾ޴ΣӵÿһϸϸĴ
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۰׵ĵʧ˵Ĵݼ䣬ҶͷһܾҧĲǵģ
ʶԼʲôҶɪһ£ֻụ̵̂ؿǿĶںҵĲȫʧȥԭеƵʣæתۣٿˣֻٰأʲôƵģҵĽʣĵ˿С
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ثiСһһһϵĴ촽¶˽׵ıݣ۵ڼ֡
ثi΢ָ͵߬ˣ룬ˣŬûа׷ѣյСһĻԼ׽ثi˿ڿˮܾЩڸ
Ҷ˿УȴȫûгһڵľζʵϣѹʲôζûгֻǾû⣬תƵУ̵з飬ָڶ΢΢
ĿںĽûлػļ͵͵ŲŲλãثiĵطԼؿڣ·뼡ܸоǿĵȸԾ
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ثiʵůֻഥܸܵõֲϲ¶ȣ䲻ȸոպã˯ǱضǼΪġ
͵ʶԼʲôҶָһֻһɸΪ̵ȶȣȶΪıصĴ̼£оķŶּ治סؿڡ
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ŸվԼҶЩλثiŲһ٣ٿҶŲԺ׵ӣʱЩӦҶ֮ˡ
ԺҶ΢ſ˵ʲôثiĬĬı졣
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ֻҪثi룬ܴžȥΪثiٴһ۹
ثiŲԺ׼ģüͷ΢Ƥ̧̧򴽣˵һ䣺Ч̫ˣһΡ
ŶϽԺеĻϨˡ
ĵ۾Ǹ۾

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˵ЧǾͿ˭꣡
ĬĬļƽš
˴˹ҶͱһԳԵģżǰæݵֽͱʡ
Ǵʱ򣬲֪ǲΪĬԵúֻֽܰŷݵҶԵҧ϶ˡ
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ġÿ춼ڿҿҹϽ
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Ҷһ۾ͼΪϲطǼǧ·֪ϲثiָǧ˵ߣȥǱ߰ɡ
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ʱı©һģǧ
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Ҷ˦򣬱ثiȣثiɫõĿŲԺס
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ʼҶ䲻ޱĵ۾棬ǰ䣬ڣ;õ۾̫ˣСû˼أֻ׽Ƭ̣ʱʱ̷̿ţ̫ˣ
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ֻһ̾õ۾ֱ̫ӿˣʵиõĽʩģ˽ΪҲΪӣССʲôģ۾ֲǲС顣
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Ժ׶һ٣Ҷգգۣ˲ݵϡ
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ثiţ΢ãҲ˸ղŵĻû׽
ǸһӣҶ΢һ٣ΪֲԹӵģŵݹثiЩثiԵʳﶼޱȵҶεſڣǰӴثiǵ˹ͷͽС
Ȼעˣ껹һСĲ˵ָļӲӲģ´΢ҶüؿǿƽǿԾԾԼɫ̡
æƲۣثiҲһЩһϵĹ۲죬֣ⲡֻثiֻҪܿثiȫûʲô⡣
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ثiһֱԼߣԶעǴ
ղǻãǺࡣ
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³˵ڶӣҶתͷ˹ȥثi
ͷԼ沿ĺͣ˳磬ȫĻҪҶæӣثiٸݵİֽ꣬ثiϵʣӶ˹
ҡԼԡ
á
ثiȴثiͳɤһİݣҶָڿƵȫ˵ͣҶĹڼˣ㲻ثiԶثiעثiثiҲ׽ɵԱߣʹ쳣
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ͻȻԱߴһ ԺָһɲǼĻ㱡
ǵ·𱻻һ㣬 Ժģģȴһһ
ףصп豸ܱ٣ һ ҪŴȥնЩߣ £ ҴȥҰְ֡
ף ְֺģ ҵְǾͰȫˣ
ף ûϵģ Ѿźţְֺܿģ¡
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һֱǽģСʱܿǸɫСд˹µдȱдҪ飬һԲԶȥһ飬Ұ顣
ҪЩɾǶţǵø߰ĵű׽׽ˣһ
˺ôľŸǰϤɼϤˣֻҪĳЩ˵һȥͱȻܣÿÿܣҪ˺ţӲͷϴ
ЩС˵ǰϽԺ׼ֱƽһޡ
ݵԺ׺ͷҲ˾飬֪ʱͲԼͨ˾С
ǣƽˣЩСӵʱõĶĮıӰ
ǡԼҪģֻǽڡ
֮ʣͻȻʯˣӲҲƽʱͳ˼֣ݻˡ
΢㵵ĿϽٴο˿ڣϳˡ
һϽ˵ϴϣЩˡ
ɫ΢أСʱĲ񫣬㻹Ҵܣ
Ժ΢޳֫ͻȻԵЩ޴ţӣǧϴĵܵܣ˵ҡǸģ¡Բ𡣡
ǳ׵׵ĴסˣӲϴСҲһʶͷϽ˵Բˣ
ָ΢ԣȻϽٵĸҶϢ
ǰ̫Ծˡ
ڲҶǰˣĪʲôתӣǵСֲܾϵ缲
˴㵵̬ϽºҵǸСӰӡ
˵һǴЩȵĴ㵣ԭΪҲСһܵƬ̺󣬴Цǰ
뵽ʲôõ飬ԺüĿչһЩǷݾִҲ˲٣ĵһֱŵҵйڣĻм˳
ʱ򲻸ö֣Ҳø
֮ǰװʶ㡣
ˣСǵ͡

˵࣬ǶԵµİûڣݼѹȥȫһ飬ǻ治ʲôرõļ䣬ɫЩŤüͷ͵̲סҪ˵ʱһƮƮƮ˹ݸ硣
΢һ硹䵽ļĵطһֱΨһִûϻ
ʼĵܵܣСӡ
Ǻͺðɡ˵һ䡣
üͷ΢̧ȥʱϸĿǽСģ֮ǰ۵ӣˣӢƽܵĿ㲻ͬӢʹмֵǰСģֵܿɴ˿̡ʾҲǰ˴ϱˡ
Ҳ˳ʱˣɼˣǴ˼ֲǵֻھӵеϢ֫ھװʵ͸·ܿ
ڳҲڱ仯Ǹ߰ͷĽС˭˵Զͷء
СΪô£޸ı䣬С񲻶׷ˡ
Ҳھıأ
˺ǲαװ̻¶¶Լġͺá
üĿ΢ĶˣĹȻ˼СǳѧСʱϽģ°ͣ˵ͺþͺͺã
Ժһ㶣ҲƳ̬ϤмֹŹм߷ߣݣû˵ûȥ¶̬̬ڰá˵ôɣ
ͺö·硣
ݹ˴
ʵЩԵͲˣֻǵǣǰ˽ܲˡ֡Ҳ˺Сƽܣٺǳװʶա
ᣬСͬ졹ʣ뷨ͬΪⲻǰСʱ뷨ſɼûһֵĸһôģؼڡǵݣ֡
ܱ֣ܽںͺΡ
ǰˣ鸴ӣſ֡£һ־ͷ״ֹ̬ס졣
ܱСض˲ٹ֪СĴ㣬ðȻ̼Сϻļƻǿɾ͵òʧˡ
²ܰﵽСҲǱزܸСӡ
СȻҪϻǱضͺãֻ˳ˮۡ
ţӳùһСUһװãԽϽ˵߰ɣȥҡ
򣿡Ժһ㶣תͷȥݣȴֻǰߵıӰ
ͺ
Ժ׾ٲȥ
ҽ˽һܲ۵Сֿ⣬СֿĵذңصĿƣ£ǵҡ
Ժ׵ңŶзֲϢѵӪ
һСľѽ
ǾҲЩţȻϸ˺ܶ࣬ҲҪһЩܲš
֪ԺƹܾӣܶණһףûжܣǴֱѵӪȥˡ
·ϣӭˣһ˳һ˳˹ġ
˼ݾͺܡϴŽ䱸ݵʾ£ֻ΢к
ݳԺ׽˵½ϢĲɼĲҲѵ˵Ĳ
Ͻǵ˵ͷԵú䵭зʱȫһ
ϽԺס
Ȼ֪ԺףֻǴ˿ɫЩŹ֡
֪ԼЩʲô£Щ¶ŵ۹۹֪ûʲôˣڵ۹ϽˣֻһˣңƺûҪԵӡ
ˣ˻Եúܽţʱ׼սţһ㿴˿ˣ˵ģҡ
˵ѣһ˿΢⣺ҵܵܡ
˴㵣ܵĵܵܲλһܣϵ𣿻ǵ۹ϽҲ̫˰ɡ
ԺܡҲ΢һ㶣ǰݸ磬˾ͺ׵ܵģСʱĳƺôֱ˵ǵܵˡ
ѵҲ֪ϲǵĸףҪһ˵ģ
Ժſڣܵܡĳƺ
Ǽ߱ųֻҪԸûʲôˡ
Ժûԣɫ΢ϲٴθпС궼ûϻܵܣСû죬˾Ȼ˳ˡ
Եġ
ŲԺ׼ǰߣĶ˵ɼžͺˣ½ȥæɡ
½һ٣Ӧºһˡ
ѵ
۹ǿڹͱڵģƣߵһˣרŵ֤飬Щֳ֤Ҳй涨ֻʹضӵеϸѿأֻһľΥǼʷ档
׸ԣڵȨߵˣЩҲǿһֳһ
˶˺ӵ˶˽ӵУշҪǼ׷εġ
ԣϽԺ׿ѵӪһص˽ԼԱЩ洦ɼĸָʱüͷƵ
ҲǴ󵨣Ժ״ɨһۣ֪Щ˽۹ڵ۶ӵеˡ
ҪȽݳϹԼҲо
ֲãղǶ˿ô䱸
Ҫõ֪ˣҪСķ粨ɣǷ粨ɣĸλߡ˶٣Ժװѵ۾ų⣬˵۾ĸλ߻ôһв۹ZȨĴڣ
˹ģݻ׸ƹŵ۹Ǽںܶԡסеҵ֪ҪݵĿҲȫκδݿս
ݵĿԺЩ档
תͷʣŪЩΪʲôأ
΢ʾͿ϶֪֮£СǱ߻δ˵
˵ôҵҪ
ֻô򵥣
ҵõộҪǵ۹ҶҵҪսɣ
Ժۣ۵ײȫȻš
ӭɵĿ⣬Եú̹
Ƭ̣ԺŲۡ
ˣ˲˵Ҳ̽ˣ۾
Ժݺɼѵһ֣һѵڷ˸ʽߵλ÷һQ滹аȫ֣óѵΪӵһQ
ȻôΪλѵ
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Ƚ
ָڿЧԼ΢׷ٹܰɣԺۼĿQŹ⣬һЩԶѰ׼λõЧ
ȷʵûУҲȽһ͵ɱȲϾӵ
Ժ׿һ۵ݣ˵СıȽ̬ͳԼ뿪غһΰγԼQQףԺһ׶׼İӣQԱߵ׳Ƭһ𷢳//ƺԶ׼Ĺܣ·Թ滮ǻһȣųðӶȥǰӱһ/SģֽŲ˶
ӻƱһķѡ
ԺQȵݣӵЩԶء
ԣ
ӵʵҪǿö࣬ң۾ǵĶ档
ԺһԵ⡣
۹еǾӣӶǿŵģоĲͶģҲоӶԱĵġ
۾ľرǣ˯ǰͶ˾ӵǰ;ӵ֮һܶ
ô꣬Ӿר
ǵı͵ıǵ
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⾫ӵǾһȼġ
ɼϽϱźöû
Ҫǵ۹Ҫǣӵôǿľ˵Ǽֱ練ơ
ãǵܺ;ӵϽн顣
ɼ˿ͼϽתĺ˲ֱӣԺţ˵Щ˶ѵ
Ժ˵ǸղŹһȺѵ㳡ϼЩˡ
ɼ˵ǡ
Ժ˵߰ɣȥѵô
ɼӦáȴҲЩɻ㿴ݡ
˵ȥɣû£ϽԺæġ
ɼԣŰҽŵˤ
ϽԺѵЩϹ涨˽˱ڣ

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⡭ء
ɼɫŹ֣ܺϽʲô飿Ͻز
սսڲԺʾ£ÿѵһ顣
һ飬ϽԺ׵ɫڣһѾתͷܡ

ѵôСƣ
һûԷƵſſģ𣿡
Ҳͦ࣬Ϊ滹ܸ۶ƽ֣ɾ£ȥͷ𣿡

Խ˵ȥɼɫźһ֣󣬰еŬˣɼһֱʲôˣֻ˺ĳ嶯
ԱߵݿʼҲɼһˣŲԺ׵Ե쬵ġ
Ǻǡ
û˵վЦԺһ㶣ʱعϴءӣ˻ʣµǸķ̻ǰ
ӽѵǣǡ
ڴСĵ۾յҶﴫϢݵġ
ɨһۣüĿ΢Ժ׾Ȼȥǡ
۾΢һֱŵ˷һȻһֱССŤһۡ
峺ȫȻ֮ǰƣģ
ثiæǰס
Ҷ⿴ȥ֮ǰѾˣæסثiʣiϽأ
ثi΢٣Сĵķãϸĵĵ˸ͷ£ƵĻأȥˡ
ȥˣҶüҪ´Ь
ثiסϢϢҪʲôң
Ҷ˵ҲҪȥҪ
ثiüĿסҶȻᣬ粽á
Ҷһ٣һ¡
ȻǲԺ׵ֱ˾Ժְֱλܵ۹ɵĿƣǰ˵ĹҲǲԺκιֵ£ڹ˽Ҫܵġ
ֻͨǼڣԺ׸ղŶ֣Ǽʵ۶ͨڶ֣δ˺ҲΥģԲԺײƣô˾ͻԺס
Ҷʱ˵iûɡ
ۼɫҶæ˵Ͻû˺ңЩ֣һʼúõģͻȻһģҪȥΪλ
⵹ΪԺױ⣬ȫģƣӻӰ죬Ĺ
ңĸܵӶ׽ͻȻƲܿһ
ձ¶ɱ˵ĵʱһʱûˣŻʱӵĲ
ӻɱģοûԼֵأһͨʲôɱġ
ثiԣ΢
ˣô
һֱ֪ԺеȥֻһЩضĶȥĻͻӦӦһֱȬܶʱ䡭
Ѿõĸˡ
ƫƫӦӦǰ˷ˡ
˵֮ǰܸᣬǰ¶Լɱ򲻿Ǽģǰ˻˲
ثiĬĬž룬΢⣬ָ΢ɿҶ±
ȥˡ


70 
ţҶһ㶣ȥˣ
ثi˵СʱʶͦõģֻǺţҶһ㶣 ȥˣ
ثi˵СʱʶͦõģֻǺЩŵôû ʱȥҪͺˡ
ثi˵ţҶ˵ǺͺҲǺһ׮԰ɣ
ǵȻǿֵܣ
ҶͲǺͺá
ثi˵Ըʱǵദɡ
Ҷثi˼ˣ ˼ҪҪȥš
ֵܼ¾͸д
ӵ
֪Ҷ˼ ثi˿ڣԺ׵֪
򣿡Ҷ̧ۣ峺ͫӳثiӣثi߿Լ׻׻˵ӣ ˭ˣԵСһ ͬȪһ£ȴЩ顣
תۣص̾˿ǲ˵Ժ׶ԹȥЩӦӦ ȷʵǹģ ңЩӦӦ˲ûʲôӰ졣
Ҷһϲ û£ң ԺĲġ
˵ ӲôԼġ
˿ģ ثiָ΢ ̲סҪüġ
ŸվҪֹԺף һԺ˿ġ
ɵûɣֹ
²Լϲһϲ˵һ˵ʲôҪӦˡ
ثiվˣϢɣȥǵסٻȥ
֪Ҷͬ⣬ثi˵ҲʱԺݡ
Ȼһثi˵ҶͰˡ
ثiŻЩɫתȥˡ
۶һСֿɼȽԺ׺˳ЩңɫҲܲҰס
۹Ͻѵʽᵽˣѵ챻ͺˣֹĶԴ򡭡ֻΪʵĶԴͬϽԺʵеķʽ˵ǶսΪʣƴȫöսϽԺ׿оǸˣҪġ
һеĳԱſˣǿվţҲΪǱǵſڣɼͲ붯ˡ
ҲƳˣڳɼ˵ȥɡ
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û˵꣬˵ɵĲ˵ˡ
ӻˣŻǰ˸ıˡ
⻹СʱǸ춾ĻСô
۾ʣص۹ȥǣ
ԺϳƬʣǶܷģ
˲ˣ˵ܡ
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Сü˿Աߵˡ
С֮ǰ˵Ϊ˰ɣ˶ԼԱˣСô
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ӶҪ˰Ͳˡ
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˾ˣǺú顣    
ݽΪ˽ȷҶģǵ۾öԴģ˲伫Ϊ⡣
СϣԲǾͿˡ
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΢۾ЩֶΡ
Ҷ˵Ҳܱ㷢˸ίı
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һ˵ȺҪְֻзʲôô翴ʱȫǳԵĺȵãʳֱƵġ
õ㿪Ⱥ˲ۡ
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ϽԺףǸ𣿣
˸ʺŹȥȴְ־Ȼڵ۾ߣҪҪʱ򣬾Ȼ˵
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Ż˵ţҪȥϻزԺأ
ƽַ˸ʺųȥ
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𣿡
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СӣôֵñŤ
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Ϊƽܴ
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һ˿΢⣬ں˵ûء
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򣿡ƽһ㶣˿̲ŷԼĸɫЩԣǻûϻ
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ֵô
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ô꣬һֱһˡ
ԴС֣߳һжʼһˡ


71 
ůҵͯĺѣͯѵĵܾܵȻס
һ
ů ҵͯĺѣͯѵĵܾܵȻס
һ˿𣬾͵ΪԼ϶ֵܾס
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ңȾСһˣǱҪΪһ˵ġ
ȻǰǾԭ
 һκδ۵öԭ ҲᾡԼٳκιΪͷӦС̫ǰ
ţ Ժ΢ۣƽ˵Ǻͺˣ ˡ
ƽ۾΢ĿݣɫƽСްѲ;߶úˣ˵Էɡ
ƽԣ ǰ ݵǰСʣôô˵ˣ
ԣ ϷʣԼ֪
Լ
ԼôˣûС
뵽ʲôԼϽͨ㣬 ƽɫЩŤ ȷʵĮˡ治ǡ
ƽһ㶣 Ȼˣ Ǵְֿʼġ
ǰְְԨ˳
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ҲΪְ֣Ϊǵֲ꣬һһů
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˵ţԽثiҪߡ
ثiסûȥݿǡΪ㽨ġ
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˵꣬ҲҶӦݣһС¥ݣ˳¥ݾݡ
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ڴ֮ǰ¶ˮ˯Ĺ
ҶɵĵĿȴԵþȵģûƣģ
ڸʱԵúܾڣһӳԵЩˡ
ҶͲһڣˮȷʵ¶ˮҶǰڴͻͲȥһЩ¶ˮֹü첻ָ꣬ɺʱ򣬶¶ˮζϤ
¶ˮʣ˺üڡ
ŷ֣ǰһ˿̴ǹ֦֦ϹһЩӣȻǹ
ӻû죬ǳʱǰ֣ժ
طã
Ҷ¶ЦԺͻȻ˼棬һ٣Цݽϡ
ͻȻһЩϤˡ
ϵݣһӵ¶ˮд̺õޱ־ͿժĹӡ
ҪۺҶԺֳ︡һ
ԼŵģԼҲһ̡
ƺ˵ҪһŹһݣһ־ͿժϵĹӣԶȲ¶ˮᱸޱ
ݻὨļΪΣ۶ķ綼۶ҲҲ
Ҷһ㶣ݵģ˵һģһݲֻж̶̼ʮѳ˵յӪ
ҶЩŹ֣ͻȻĹҶӵˮˮҶһ㶣ŷˡ
ثiţ˴ߵſڹš
һϣЧãķ紵޹أĺܼΣůյܰ
ˣҪסˣû£ޱµģǱҲԡңϴԡҲ·
ثi¹ó·ҶҪϴ𣿡
ҶͲ£˵ͷǰثiù·Աߵԡȥˡ
ٵĳϴһ飬˳ǰ°⿴꣬عͷ
ǰСһʪһǼҴҳ˵ˮϹģͷϺϵˮûɾŴϵ˯¶մʪˡ
ثiһ΢΢ڻرʲôһԵĹóһë̺ߵǰͷϣһĲͷһ˿ڣˮҪúòɾ
ݶԼʱͬثi˵⻰ʱᣬĶǶڵһл
ͷĲã˿΢ǣ·ͷƤģŵëƺѲڷ˿ϵԴΧ޹ҶԺģ̧ȥǰˣԣīɫдŻ飬ͿʵòΪһ̵Եޱȵĺÿ
ؿڲһ£ǿűѾƽļһֻõ߲Ĺĵ㣬ԭĽࡣ
ˡ
ҶæָۣثiվŲҡԼ
˵ţëҵĲ
ثiüŲҪǰҶæ뿪ԭأ˴ߣ˴ϡ
Ǵ˲䱻ռһ룬ľݵǽڣҶľثiܲˣϾ⴦˻Եӵ
Ȼ뷨ո֣ثi͸ԱߣΪ䱻һë


72 
ҶһţΪţŪͷӵ
Ҷһ ţΪţ Ūͷ
ӵĵطһˣչԭΪռݸλã˿ȴȫ˼ثiϡ
˵·ݵϣ̵ഥĵطһս ҶӰŵȷȥ ԶثiĽӴ
Ȼշȣ˲ëͷϻ䣬Ĳ
Ҷ磬 ˶㣬ثi
úõʣ Ϊó⣬ᶶ˼ڣһ
ҶҧԼͷȴǶЦ⣬ģ ںС
Ҳʪģ òɻһ˯¡
ҶܵҪܾͻȻ뵽ʲôƵģ ָڰԼ򴦵һ˺ۣĵĿǰĵ۾ ɫŹ£ Ӧһš
̺ɤŸմԡҳճ ճСèĹ棬 ثi΢٣ ״µļƲӰ졣
ʵϣָⶼڲͶԭеƵʡ
ÿӴǰһ£ǻĴдݹߵӣͫŨѣŨŵȫǾ޴YU
ʹҶİҶãʵѱ־͸¶˫ۡ
аŵ˼ˡ
ڽˮˣثi˿ŷԼʪˣȡһԵ·ݸҶ
ҶȻֹ˹˯£˯¹Լԡ
޳еʳָ΢סѵһ࣬ĵثiţоԼҲָڹסˣĵţһһµġ
ûпܿѣǱ˵Ӳǡ
ثiƤһָڷϥϣµϡ
Ҷһ㣬̧ۣɭ˺üĲǣĿɨȫһľ˸͸
ҶѣܾԼˣæ·ãȴԼĿģ˼ϵǵ˰ثiǰ
ҧƵ˰¶ثiǰثi΢һ
СһԼ˺ۡ
ثi΢һ˿ײ˷ܣܿƵָ˰̣˿˰̵Ϥ
Ҷ͵һΪ˴ָڸǵ˺ۣΪı飬ǲǵһο˰̵ı飬ѯ˰̵Դ
ҶԭֻЩŹ֣ݹŹԵȻһͷ
̾ͽСiǰִԼi
ɺϵһС
ǲǾǵ̣
ͷһҶ;òܣ
ҶɵĿثiȴǾԼ©ʲôûס̽ʣ㲻˰ô𣿡
ثiһ٣Ҷ˵ѹ˵ѣʲô˼峺ͫ¶һš
ٻԼ־ɵĶôڡ
ثiܺã֪СһԹȫȻûӡֻǣǷֵʱ죬ثi֪ݺǰ˻᲻ҲҶġ
룬ҪϵԸ˳Ļʣǡ˰ôģ
򣿡
Ṇ̀˰Ūȥġ
Ҷ򴽣˰̣һʱȴЩԣûʲô˵˰̵ء
ҶŰգ˰̣ĴԹ˵Ұҧģ
Ұޣثiü
һССӡˡôҰޣҪҰޣôҰ޵Ŀлء
ûʲôĽڣǡ
ثiҶһ˵ԣ׵һֻҰˣر𲻺ã
˵ǡҰޡĻԹqȴԼثiȻˣ˵ҰޣҰ˵
ثiͷ΢࣬ЦЦ˵Ǽҧ
Ҷӣû˵
ثiȥµ·Ҷثiӡ
֪˵ǻѻ˻ĺܶ鶼˿ס
Ҷ֪Ṇ֪̀Щʲô
ҶҲ֪ԼΪ뿪Եüˣǽµķҡ
ܶΪԲܵ£֪һЩ
ʿˮΰҪ³Ļȥˣɬĺ仹Ƿһ㡭
򣿡æµĵ۾̧
Ҷָڣҧʣ֮ǰ˵ҪҽɫѹӢҵ𣿡
ʻӬҶͷЩʵԴ֪ǡһֱиֵͷҪҵĽɫѹӢ
۾Ȼ֪£Բá
ֲ״̬ȻɫģʱΪɫĹ⡭
Ҷʳ⣬ثiȴĻشȺϣ֪
ĬҲ
ãõҶΪ˲شʱƮ˹Ỻģʵģһ˿вԵġ
ҵˡ
Ҷĵһ˲͵ۡ
ͼĿƵĿɫͫīʱɭĵо˵ҶǵԴеľƵʱα˫嵽ġ
ɴ˿˫īɫͫŨīŨīﹴճһ繵Ļˮ¡Ƿǡһ۾ܸ֮ܵ᲻һ˿Σգ˶ġҲ˰ġ
ҶĻصԭܸܵõǰûһ˿Ը
۹ĵ۾ûеġ
ǲ֪һУ֪ҵݣҺǲΪǽɫѹӢҶſڣװ׵ֻŹֵķһϲ
۾΢һ㶣üĿЦüβȾЦ⣺Ǻܻϲ
ҶǻеѰõĽɫѹӢ
Ҷ￩һѾȷĳЩͷ鸴ӣӣһ˷Ƶ˵Ҫ˯ˡ
ûٳûãСݵĵƹˡ
ֻһŴҶûиܵ۾͵͵Ļͷͼ˲Զϣ벢Զ
ǲߣҶæתۡ
ɫѹӢҩˡ
ոͷҶ˦ͷҪĳЩõ˼ζԸûС
֮᲻֣ϻزԺ׺͸Ͻ뿪ɣҶĬĬž
֣ﾹ˼ֲᣬԺﶼʱԼĺá
ţҶ˯˹ȥ
˯ǰ˼̫࣬ҶΡ
μĻȫǰ飬ǹ̵ġ
μûʱĳڵĴֱһʲôϣûãʶ
ʶͿһ̻ıϣ̳ĺܺÿÿʱضʧɫˣϲӪѹӢ̲סϸС֦֦Ҷϡϡ
Ҫɸһÿ
һ̬ͷ̵ӣΣҲһͯģûи̱һÿԼò
̻ԣ˰ʱĪĺ顣
ǻΪԼǾ顣
ѰʲôˣΣձһ·š
֪˺ܶ࣬ЩĳªΣյĶǱ֣ЩֲԸ顣
ȻĴʻ㣬ʣʱ̸˵ġ
Ҳͦõģڴֻǹһһֱ̣һȥѰҪѰˡ
һ·Ͼ˺ܶࡣ


73 
ܺãڴıֲǺܶ࣬ҲܶԸСɫ
ֻ
ܺã ڴıֲǺܶ࣬ҲܶԸСɫ
ֻǣһڴ˸ɺ öûˮȣǱ֣ѹӢֲֲ꣬걾һЩˮ֣ ֿܵסɺ ֮ǰȥó˱õ¶ˮ
¶ˮ̺ȹˣ˼죬 ֲ괢ˮֱľ̵ǰ
һʱ䣬 ֵ︡Ļ涼ȥǰĬӣεĴϣԴɿݵĴ̣ ѹֹʣ ң̵屾ͼȱˣ Ҳʲôᣬҡͷ Ҫˣ ̲ ǿԼᣬ ˮȫĴϡ
˵֪ûã ʲô
һܻΪ˴˸һеʱ⡭
ã֧ŲסʱˣʼˮǵĿʣǵ
ƺûкõףһ¾ͲͣˣŴ磬˺öҲĵطϵ¶ˮʧ
ţϵ·ȫϣ˺ü죬⼸춼̱ߵģҲ⼸죬ǿǼٵĸԭָʶȫѣֻ̽ڻһУ˹ȥһ˸ա
ȫˮûŵˣæ˴¾ȳȴôҡ
޴ɲأҵһŴȥôİŽҶ˸СΪ꣬Сѹ͵ֲס꣬һһΣҴһһΣΪ˸̣ǴһһΡ
żĲڴСڴС·ϣҲʱ˵Ҫһεݣ紵ߣ򲻴
ǻոջ̬˵Ҳ̫Ĵʻ㣬ֻʱǴŹģϲǹ⣬͸ŵͷ󼸴Ϊ꣬ǱϣûгԵġӲİ
ֻȥĹӸԣÿҶǱ̫ˡ
ʱ̾˵Ҫڹϣ־ժ
ÿԹ棬̻ǻԼû
ҶŕtЩ£ǵǴҪ̰ĺã˸ն˺ܾöˣ磬ȥ˲ҩΪβǸСϢ˺üٴγ
ιһΣҶԽӾݸ̵ˣ治̣ôɺϵ
Ҷһثiģͺڹ۲ʲô
ثi󷽵ҶǸ֮ǰһϸĵչҶ
֪Ҷ״̬ãûȥ棬ֻǰĸ˱
۲ثiһ죬ҶûƳϵ쳣
ˣǹ̵ġ
߱˴֣·˺ܶطУ·һƬƽҰƬƽҰҰط֣ĳʺѹӢңʱѾӣŵʱӲرĺԶһƬƽҰϣ׳ɳһ𳤳һƬѹӢȻ̾ԱסţþԶԶġ
ǣ̸ҪҵûҵȥңҪԼǴƬƽҰ
ڣҪҵҵˡ
̺Ƕˡĸס
ǶڵһûоǶ˵Ϣ
ڶο̿ޣ޵˻ƣһֱ˵Ҳû˺iˡ
§̣ʹ̣ʱѾĻˣֻǻ̫˵
һΣ˵ˣ˵ľǡi֡
iֺһ㣬һһ䷳ĺһҹڶ죬ˡ
ҶۣŻ
һٻֵӣǵ·;ͽֹҲһý
Ǵ˶ˣ˵Ҫȥˣɢ۹ľˡоĸڵĵط˲̫ԶҪȥжپ˻š
һγˡ
һγûô˳
һȵĴ֣Ŵ־;òѰΣղȥֲ̣֡
ֺǴֵ¶ȸߵֲ궼Щܲˣ̸ǼλʣٴȰ˵̷Եúܼ
ڣҵЩˣЩȴһһֱǣ̴أòԭ򲻹ЩˣɽܴˣԽԽ꣬Щ˵ģȴЩȫɱˡ
ĪĸԼ֣ٶȺܿ죬ĸЩªıһḶַ́ܲҲЩбıһԿƳ˱壬СĴ̣ȴ𾪡
֡
֪Ǿ飬Ǳ֣ǸЩ׶¶һ֣ǳе֣Ҳʹ޵֡
ثiſľǴڴϵҶ߹ȥΪѰЬ˴Ҫ𣿡
ҶãȻĿ˵ͷ
ثiһ˵Ȼ·
Ҷڹȥ˼ԷԵù·һ仰һ
ثiһ㶣ǰ·ˮϵⶼûɢȥæԵü΢Ǳ
ţôǱӻǵһμ
ģҶݵĳ˻üˣһһϹתơ
ֻñ˺ܴۣ̲סת
ثiԣһЩٶۣЭһתҶҶ˿·ȫ⣬ҪʲʵĹϣһȫ¡
ثiͫ΢һ£۴˿Ⱦ˺˵߷ӿָ΢͵߬ˡ
Ҷһ٣תɨӾɨÿһ
ҶͷȫȻϴ·龰
Ǵ֮СĵģثiҲԾһȻԼҪ󡭡
ҶҧثiţȫڷȣйԵ⣬ߵͷƤ飬˶Ҫըˣʼ
ⲡˡ
ثiҲ岻
⵽ʲô
Ҷ־·Ϣ˵㡭תȥ
ȴԭûתȥǰŹ˴ϣƺ·
ҶļҪľ·ˣٵĶҪ˳ˣˮĴ
Ҫ
ûиϣҶίĶҪˣô˱㲻Ҫתȥ
ثiһ٣ǰСһһţ·ָ˰ףüͷ΢涣ɫĴţ¶͸¶ί
ثiͷ΢ۣСһòȣ۸ˣοû۸СһСһȴѾôˡ
⼸죬ǶԼɫĴƺʲôУòԼֲ
Сһﵱʲô
ثi˿ɫҲЩѿһʱûж
ҶثiµɫĲǰ˵ԽӰԼһţе˼Խӵң󶼻һ仰δҪˡ
ⲡĪԼ鲻޷ʹ޷ƣֻŲضֱ


74 
кööû ͵ûϡ
ⲡԴͷǰˣս˲ͻض񻯣Զ˾ͻá
Զ㣬 㿪һ㶼ߴա
˾ҪԼ
ԽԽίҶثi˿ߣ ˮӯ̲סˣ ı˼ֳ˼ʡ
ǰһԲĿʼӣ̵ʾС޵ı 쳹ثiļ䣬类һ ۡ
ثiص̾Ϣһת˸һԵ·ϣ̽ԼĻ ԼûֵΣң Ҷûģʲô
ůĻɽ ҶİȫУصԼС磬 ԷԼκϸ΢С Ҷثiļ ̵ʷſǺޡ
㣬 Ĵ 㺦ңҡҪɱ㡭
Ǿ仰ŵ죬ȫ壬ثiһûֻΪСһĺָСһĺ󱳣ţ˵ãҵĴ㣬˺òã
СһĲǲԺôҪԺ׽ôˣѲԺ׵ӦӦκˣǼ桭ˣʱʱ̸̿ţǲԺױǡ
۾ûз֣¶ľĲ̶ʱվѾˡ
ثiжж᲻Ҷܵ˵ᣬĸӵһ˼ˣƣȫԽָû֦֦ӲΪһѷССֻҪһƿ˵·̽ᴩĺ󱳣ȡ
̲˲ְ
ȻҶָ˽Ĵˡ
ҶȦֺˡ
˵ģ²ȥ֡
ദʱ䲢Ժȴ·ļ䣬һĻһĻӰƬƵڲţ˶ĺãһʱĿ֣˰͵ദʱġ
ҶˣֻҪ˸ɵûˣȻ²ȥ֡
Ҷثi޺޵ҧ˵ᣡ̫ˣ
ȻŨŨıΪԼԵñƣثiÿһ֡
ͷȻһɬļϷﶼɰˣ⼸Ƕ񿴳һΪ᣿
ǰˣǰСһ
Сһ۾޵ĺģĽëʪһƬӣһ˴ģ΢עͻˤˡ
ثiǰˣΪѾˣ޷õǰСһĻϲҲᣬƼǰ㣬һʣ󻯳ŨŨ̾ϢһҲ
أҸĺòã
۾˿˵ѾЩ΢ˡ
Сһºıͷ̧ۿַۣɿĴ㿪עӣɨ֣ԶĴ
ثiָ΢Сһڶ
ʲôСһ
ثiľһͰ͵ţÿһ嶼丵ðѪڷ·۵ġ
ִİַҶļϣʣΪʲôҪң
ҶѳȴѹĸʹУʹ֮µȣȴ̵ͷ
ҶԽӵľңȴôѲثiô㶼㲻ȵĸˣһҪӺ˳ϣ̵ľͺ֦Ҫˡ
Ҷˣջ͵ʶȻֽŲõˣ߿߿
ثiɫһī̵ͫ˿İľŨīӿְڵ
ָڸһѹסҶҶִ֫ʣңΪʲôҪң
ҶܣϷѹŵˣѹܵͣǱйԣԭ׳۰ľɭɭ͸¶ɭϢҶܵĸܵΣա
ֱֻҪٸҾܾǰˣǰһʶʲôĵ
⼸նҶرĺãõöҶҲǸйԵࡣ
ԽˣҶԽǱίովˡķ˻
ŴûκһһŵĴ۽ǻ䣬ûķ䣬ˮȫίͿߡ
ҲˣҪˣߵĿڣĴζȴԽӵֹס
ˣҪˣ
ثiһ㶣лң±˷Сĵӵţﲻˣ˸Ρ
ǹϢѹ˲ɢˣҶһ͸оԼӵһůĻǰˣﻹиղݼΣյӣԼĵǣķ·ʲôƷ
ҶоԼ·˷ļϺúŻš
ثiͦõġ
ԼĲȫΪ
Ҷʳָ˲ɬıӣǹɬѹȥȴûʲôãڻǴŨŨı
βõģԼ鲻ģһҪըˣʱǵģọ̵̈̄ҺҪˡ
һ̲ˡҶĬĬ룬ٴο˵ⲡֻ㣬ֻҪ㲻ңֻҪҲ㣬ֻҪ㲻ңҾû¡ԣܲܲҪˣ
ثiԣüͷ΢壬ɻ
ɴδʲôֻĳ˵Ĳ
ңⲡ״
ثi΢һ˿ϲҶʣûЩ֢ҿ㣬׽𣿡
Ҷ΢ͷڻ룬Ƭ̺󣬺΢΢ҡҡͷģֻ㿿׽ҾͷҺ¡
ثiﱻϲȾ϶Ц⡣
СһǶԼˡԼĻǿķǡ
Լһ
ֻСһﻹ̫Щ
ثiϲָڶܿƵ΢΢˶˽ӵԼĻǵȫɢȥֻ
ҶЩᷢģ㡭
ⲻǲثiٵĴҶֱöͷĶͷǳǳĿڣлϲ
ǣҶַԼؿڣҸһġ
򣿡Ҷֶ˶ĸܵõǿģ𽥼ӿأģҶ类һַ֣·ԱһŵԼؿڣǿĻثiĿء
ثi
Ҷգգۣثiסϲ㡣
Ҷָһ͵˳γӡ
ϲϲ
ԭҶЩŮŮϲ
ΪŶԼã
ЩǲҪģɡ
ҶǰثiīɫͫģκʱҪľһ澵ӣ˿̵ģ
ӣûκεͿգһ˿ĸˣ⻰ǡǸ˵ġ
ҶЩң˼ҳһš


75 
ثi֪ҵ˼ ָƣĲ࣬˿ڣüŸһӦ ȳŽֻϲĸо
ثiüĿ˵ֻҪ㲻ұá
ͷŶͷ˿ǿķǳı˴˵ĺ Ǽⶼ˶ԷıǼˡ
ġ
ս˽ÿˣ īɫͫƻһϸķ˿ϣķɫѩ
Ҷǰثi Ժȴʱ˵ĸֳ
ƺЩ񡭡
ҶҲ֪ⶼһÿòö񣬻Ϊثiĸо
͵̸ĸоһģ ġõġ
ݺã̵֪Ǳֺ󣬾Ͳˣ̶ֻʣ˺⣬Լɱ˵Щͷϣ ˵бѪ
ദʱ̣ ҧ֦Ҷ ֦ҶϷĻУӣ ӱһ龾ȥ ʧȥڶӡ
֮һʱ䣬 Ϊʲôô Ҳ뱨 ֻҪӣ̼Ͷ֣֦ҶֵܵĹɺüλǱ򵽣ÿˡ۵ؿڣһ̣ؿھ۵
̸˵ӳԵˡӶˡ
ſ̵Ŀ
ܶôˣǻġ
ǼΪƱģ
ҶһĻһĻĹ£ƽˣϲȥˣֻһƬƽ
ộƱˣ
ҶثiĿƣԼʧȥѹѣ̵ثiô˳ˣ͵ƿɫ
ʹͷû˵˵ϢǡĪӡĮ
ثiһ㶣һοԺȻֳԺ׺ƽϵĮʼǸӣЩطġ
ثiҪǰ̧ۣ峺ͫ˾ܾһֱԵ׺͵⸡ֳҪѹ˵ǷثiȴǷҪ˵ĿľĶֹס˲
Ͷһ˫˵Ҳ㡣
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Ҷι¼ң¼ҸɼҰǲģҶҲϤһ֣С˺Ĳƺ¼ƺɼƵһģһڲݵϣûпǼλУһ㣬Ҷ˵
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԰һ𣿡


76 
תͷһϽԺ׵ͷԱߵҶůͬͬ۽ǵǶѹӢˡ
תͷһ ϽԺ׵ͷԱߵҶůͬͬ۽ǵǶѹӢƻϲһ΢΢ĳҶţ ģҪ׽
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뿪ԭأȴһֱעǱߵĳ վţվĺܽ ǶȿϽҶЩ߲ ߲¼ȵ߲ ϣ һּΪС
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ͻȻ䣬鸴ˣϽԺ׺Ҷԭ˼ô
ݽСôûֹ϶Ҳͬ׽ġ
ˣҪСϽΪ̸
뵽ʲôĻ棬ֳԣæϣȫǿϷϲá
֮ʱҶȻȻĸվһ飬ԺվԱߣ۾ǰԺױλҶţ۾ᣬᱻһĬĬŲˣ۾żҶߡ
Ҷüثi¶Цգֻ΢Щɬ
Ҷһ㶣ͷ΢ָڲĶ˶ҵĴæȥԺȥˮɳ
õˮɳһµõ˺Ͳһ飬ҶϽǸÿİӡ
ǽ˵һƽܶԱ߿š
ÿİӲ֪ǲҶƽʱ˵˶ǳüԵֱƲͷӣ˿úûò෴κ˰ϽһӣɶҶˮʲôźţǱƺС
ҶϽԺȴӦιˮɳ
ŶͲֿţĬĬ˺üƬԺѾԲʮֵĹѪ顭
ϽҶ˫ͷԱߵӵͷ
ҶͲԲĲͬƽһĻȴƳ˱Ķ
磬ǵİְ/СһִܶѹӢ˿̶ǵ۾ȴȫȻû˷ִ磬ֻ£˵ðɣȴǵ۾ˣңۼĿǹԵıǴŽζֳĶﳯ谮ƴãյĿҲֻ˶һٰ谮
һۻͲһ۸죬ɫ졣
ߺƽȲĹţӽǵСְ/Ҷ֣صʡ
С۾ô£
ְ֣۾զˣ
ʣҶɫŹ֣һһ׵ģſڶ˵ڣ򵥵һ仰Ҷ˺üأ˵ڣ˵һί
˵ϲҡ
˵꣬ҶⶼЩˣԼǰ˵£˾Щ߳ܡ
ƽܣ
ݣ
˶һۣȫûоȣֻЩ⡣
˵һֶܼأû뵽ôͱˡ
Ҷգգ̧ۣͷˣǲ𣿻֪
˵ͷƽ˵֪˰ûΡ
ھȣ
ƽܷ˷ۣﰵְôϲ۾ôˣʲôþȵġ
ҶĬ
ݿҶʹͷ˵ûסߣһ˳ķ˿ʣСأ
Ҷû˵ƽܾʹǵȻǾܾ硭
û˵꣬ͱһѣҶȻû̧ͷֻɫŹֵº͵Ц˵СʲôǶ֧ġ
ҶüҪһ飿
￩һƽ̲סҪǰİסˡ
Ǹ۾Լأܸǰ
Ŵ˵Ȼ
Ҷ۾ʪһ˲ۿЩ죬£ȵġ
ۣСܣݣã
ݵ΢ЦиɻƽܵɫЩŤԣְ֣ľӦ
ҶæҡͷȻ
һ㶣ƽĿ΢ϲҶ˵̫ƱˣҲܴӦϻ˲ԺףǾ͸־ɡ
ƽܿģ˼أֻüͷ
ֻΪƱҪǵ۾־룬ǲϲ
ƽܸ˵İݣƳһۣ¶һ֡ûۿ̬ܵҲ̫һˣС˵ʲôʲôûСԵúܵ
Ե۾˼ġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊοסˡ
룬Ҷߣʧӵ˻СʲôǧҪƣѾһˣʲôҺƽܻڱ֧㡣
Ҷԣᡸšûٸı⡣
ݼ״ͷɡ
ղ˵֧ҶĻʵ˭С˶ģӵġ
涯ˣΪӵȻҲף
ȷҶ⣬ݾûйˣղ۾ĶԻ˵˶öȥж١
ƽܲ˵Ҷü˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷ˵ҲΪһܻ꣬ˡ
ҶҶ˵ǺģĻܻܵ۾ġ
˵Ҳ벻ͨԭ򣬿ֻмǰдֻ֣ңԺղԣǰӶӳҲղԣв֦
ҶƬ̣˵ϽҵӣһһȷЩµٵġ
˵ҲæڶЩӶҲһʡ
Ҷͷ룬תͷݶһ䣺ݣثiˡ
򣿡Ҷ˵Ͼǵ۹ľδֹʵܾǿһᱻܲʱҪˡ
ҶҲ֪ثiĺƢάֵʲôʱ
΢˼⣬Ӧ
۹˿̵ĵ۾ͺƢȫޡ
·ͷϽԺףɫĶǸմ̫ɹ˺üɫŻ
ɢϢΣɾ޴ӰȫϮϽ
Ժ׵ͷǰѲ˺飬Ҷǵ۾һֱô˵Ҳߡ
Ҫˡ
ղҶʲôֵΪԺ׾ûУ
һֱǼ߱ž룬Ǹǻûü˵Ѿͺˣ
˵ΪʲôҪ۾˶Դ
Ժײס
ֱԴ򿪣ҳǰ
Ժ΢̧һʱͬˮͷ˽ţ˸͸ҲȻˡ
ҳǼʰˣȻ˵Сһԣ
ģ˺ܶĺðɣңȻϲСߣûаֿ֮ģ⾴İһأ
ϵĺûס
˵ţҪصȴС濴Ƭ
ƬеСڲƺ̸ܽϵı˶ƳᣬԺ΢㣬סˣʱС˵ʱ򣬱ô𡭡
ǶϣȾãתڶ˼ź֮㺡
ԺͻȻòֱܹ˺ˡ
ЩĿ˿۾ɫԽԽˡ
ǧȵķȴòУãĵ۾˵ˡ
ƽŵʱ򣬶Ծ
۾ָԺ׻Ƕ˵ԣȻˣԸ۾˵ףס
ףȴͻȻסˡ
ʲôף
ҪҲĵ۾׷šȻͻȻϱײǺ֣
֪ʲô۾˿ڣֻףѾӦˡ
򣿡
ҶĿɲɾӲ˵ѣԺûסƵ۾Ƽ˰ͷɫ˺ڰƲ۾飬²͸۾˼ֻܴüڱصá
Ժָ΢ҧҧԡ
ϵ۾ûǼ˺ţ֮ܰǰƽܵĸʽ˵һ
@-ҶҺãҵĸס
һԷȥ˲Ǽʶˡ
ԭϰ񵥵Ķ˲ͱȡˡ
ԣ˲ŵĻ
ڷĤϢŵĤˡ
ʲô
绰֣ȴһ
һͨ˳ȵĲͷ
мӣΪʲôÿӶôͷ
ᱻһˣ˶٣Ҷ˵ԺʱıʱΪʩڻŷԾʱûǷģֻҫԺУˣǶڿԼҵĶӣ
˵Ҷ徹Ȼһ˵ճӣܲѰ
ѰˣΪҲӣ
˵군ˣŻ⴫ȥģΰ
Ե÷ǳ侲û£ܣϽȻҥˣЩŶȥˣңܶû绰Ҳûϡ
Ҳǡ
ǵõݸҶŵʱǸһ绰ֱԼ˱ˣ˵˴Ļͦ졣
˿̵ݣȴνĲ׷ѵõĺҶһ˶Թؾ¹ԡȥˡ
ڶ죬Ҷʰȥϰˡ
ѵ۹ſڣ˿ͱѰһЩ𾴡
ЩǰЦкȴǺҶǡСˣϽǰߡ
򣿡Сʲôƺ
Ҷȴˣ˳ָķҵ˲ԺףԺƺæǰкܶˣڰʲôƼˣæеĻ˹
ϴ΢ɬ⣬ǰſڵס
򣿡Ҷһ㶣̶пϲϽԺʣ㡭㺰ʲô
Ժ׺ɬһ˲ס
˵ţҶӦæ˵ʵ൱ھ
֪ͻȻثiʲôҶ֮ǲ⣬ȴòԺ˵ˣȻҸס
Ҷϲýסˡ
ԣԺײΪ׽ϸ׵ģֻΪԼثiİˣ
ҶһʱӣϽ
Ժ˵ثiĹϵ˼Ժ׾Ҫثi˵׵ġ
ǣò׵ġסƺţҶһʱ᲻ûȥ
Ժ׼Ҷһ˵˿˵ԽҰ׵ģϴεҲã֮ǰҲûܺúõǸڸǸԲ𡣡
Ҷһ̧ƲԺףԺ΢ͷǹ˵⻰ҲûҶˡ
סҶлһӽһֱۻʱһӦӦûг֣ҶգգۣǸˡ
ס˼ʣĺ
䡸áǶָ֪ʲôԺ΢һ٣˵ͷǾ˵ģҪǰֻз²ӵоꡣ
Ҷԣ΢
ثiثiϻӼ˲١
֪Ժ׶ڰѾٷУҶһʻҲͬӦӦ룬׳ʣڡ֡
û˵꣬ΪǰĲԺ׽ɫͫһ˿Ѫɫ֮ǰܿƵָڣ˿Ѫɫȥָƽ˱֣ڱ֣ȻҲ¡
ҶĸˣǰٸԺģȴ߿˵ףǸһҪæĻȥҾȥæˡ
˵꣬ҲҶӦƵˡ
ҶգգۣҲֻΪԺæתȥثiˣֻǣЩӣԭثi˵ģɴ˿˸ƺţúثiȥҲǲС
ڿֵֻ˷졣
Ǽ˺ţҪճ˵ԼĶӽˣȴϽԺ׵İأæȥһϽԺ׵ԡ
΢ţʱģҲǴӼ۹֮⡭
ʵû뵽ԺôЧʣƽݽҲԣϢ
ְ֣ʲôôˣ
СһҪԲ𣡡
ԲҶʣԽúثiȥҲǲˣϾԺ׾ͽˣȻûģ֤ĵͬˣҲܸͨһ
Ҷƽݡ
ţûʲôثi
ԣܿˣҪԲˣ
ϢҶǼ˺Źڻ˲Ժס@ϽԺףԣҶӡ
꣬ԣȥثiȻȥǲУòԺôһֱܺثi־Ǿ͸ˣȻ֪Բ󣬵һأҶȥԣ˵ǵ۾
ҶԺײŸ¶޵ۣԱʼûôķ¡
ţԺյϢ㿪һǼ˺ű˰ˣһȥͿҶĻ
Ժ΢㣬˲ɢȥüĿǼˣ
Ϊô˳أ۾ϢűܾѿϾ۾ûҪ׷Ǹ˵ı֡
ȴԭˣⲻظ˵ûҲһˣ
һţһ߲Ժ׻ӦҶһĵı飬һԸ۾Ϣ
֪Ҷˡ
Ǿ֪˼ЩʲôҹƺһҹδߣҲֻǰԼ
ңڰ칫ǰثiѲǼϵš
ҶĻӦһӦӵĹϵǶˣǵҲʧˡ
ǣһӱҶĻҲ̫˰ɣӶô㣬ȱ𣿡
ӵʱثi;ԼѪѹԵߣ㿪˺ѪѹѾߵҪεĵزˡ
˶˵ûҶţϣҶţĪ˺öС
Щж˶ӵ͵Ҷӣرû֮ģҲûйģ
ҪŶأֵõ/ˣ
Ŷôˣ
ثiǧƣҲû뵽ѵ˼ܶҶȥ
޲ԼӵĵҪҲҶ˿ֻ룬СһﻹûдӦ
ţͻȻöһһͿ˲Ժ׸Сһˡ
һеɢȥ˲٣ֳһ֮ϲ
ϾСһ˵ҪȥϢգΪǺüأû뵽ڶˡ
æȥ·裬ĺ⡣
ߵ·ĵط·ųһУ󲿷ֶǰɫװΪСһ˵ϲɫϲѹӢǴذס
ǣ·󲿷ֶǰɫġ
һʽеĴϣ׼¹ʱ򿴼˺ڶñԱ߷õС
Сһ֮ǰഩɫͺڶñȽںڰҲûôעĿԴ֪Сһ·һֱûб·ԲõĲȻҲˡ
ԱߵС·žӺúôһǰĵȴСһĵ
û̫ãܿʹثiȥš
һţҪƵҶҶȻʧȥŵԵثiĻ
ͻĽӣײثiԳ˽ָڣ§˻ԼײĻϲСЩ
ҶһͷײثiĻԾһȣȻʧȥ˹еƵʣʼͬСӰײ
ҵĳվȴͻȻŵ޵Ϣ
ңƽܡԺκһŵģӵϢҺӵϢ
͸Դײʱŵһ
֮ǰŵټ˾ͿȥŹʱʱޣȫŲˣΪԼĴû뵽ŵˡ
סˣϸϸĴǰثi
˳ӢīɫͫƻǱָ֡
ҶԺֳ︡һ󵨵뷨ǲǾӣҲԺһʲôŵ³˵ġ
ϾҲǵһεѹӢ֣ЩҲ˽ҲǺȫ档
ԽԽҶثi۾֡
iòеĻ֣ثi΢΢˲ӦһҶʮָۣһԣҴû˵ǰ£ܸ𣿡
ثiһ㶣Сһǲ֪֮ǰݣ
ثiգգۣǻǰСһԼ䵭˿ұ¶Լˡ
˵£󲿷ֶڴֵġ
ǻᣬֺУĸ󲿷ʱ䶼ڴսڳǱʱ
ֻɵ˵ǰСһʲôõĻ
ɵʱ̶̫ˣ˸ǰСһǶʱɣжɡ
ôһӣժȥһЩ˵ļΪɵġ
Ϊֵһʱ䡣
ǵģΪһ֣Сһֵ֮ˣ˱ֶ֪εڴһл͹һҲʱͻֿսġ
ժȥΪֶֺĳǶʱҲ˵ǰһ̡
ڴ֣ΪԵΪϯˮɹ̫
ϸϸ˵ǶʱڴֵҶ棬ԽԽǾϲֻбֲŻڴĴ󲿷ֹȥڴֵģңûᵽˣֻԼܿǸһı֣ټӵϢܾܿԼӡ
̸˵ԵӣҶʵһֱ̫ţôӾôһˣȷʵҲԼӵټԼ˳ߣѾˡЩӲܻڣŲòĽʵ
ΪԼѾˣŵӵϢһһȼϣ
ǲӾӹһ٣ǲǾܴء
ôһ룬ԴǸµĵ۾ʱԾ޷˵Ļͷڵĥ۾ӵĿԡ


77 
ǿҶǼߵģ ˵ļꡭӱܻܿꡣ
ǰ˵ĻȻ˵üΪˣҶܸ֪ٴѡ
Ҷоۣ Լֻܿ࣬ǻɵӣͷȫǱϧûˣ ҡ
ثi΢ ̧ۿҶ˵⻰ʲô˼ǽ
пϲҶѵ Ҷ٣ڵƲۡ
ثi˵¼Ļϲ ԼӣͲԡ
ҶƵָڣаľʱǵ·£úȷһ˵ǲԼӣ ǣ ҲҪ֪ôԼӵϢ
⣬죬 Ҷ˸Ժ׽ȫʱ䶼ثiϡ
չƽһΪǰثi˲赹ˮϴ Ҳ չˣ ٿܣ ԴԺһ ͵͵ȥѹثiϣϹثi֮١
ԺײһǼʵܴò
ԣҶֻǽǵճʱǼ˺£˳ʾ֭һЩثiİ
ɴȡ˵۹ľÿ°ҶᱧŶԻζЩ֮ȫڶҪ
죬۾˿ЩͼѪĵ㿪
Сһʣ˭׽һЩֺ˭š
ڴ֮ǰƽܡݡԺһȫš
˺µճˣȫ¶ģҲôԼ˰ɡ
Ȼ۾ܲϲʣϲʣĿǰǵĽҲˡ
۾㿪ۣȴ
ۣ˭ôû
СҶôڶ˵ճһ㶼֪жú𣿡
԰СҶ壬֪ƽܡݡԺôˣ
Ȼǣ˳ÿ
úÿƽܡݡԺĸÿ˭ûиֵţ֢զģ
ǣСҶ壬ӵճúڰ壡
ҲûҪɣҲһǴİһֱ׷պܺðϸġһʱ䶼СҶİɣƽܾϽȣæݽҲǹ˾ᣬƺҪƳˣϽ۹Ͻ붼֪аɣôСҶ岻ˣǲСҶĹϵ𣿡
棡ֻ뿴СҶӵճ
1
2
n
ثiɨһۺĶΣָˣǱˣ
⻹ǡ顣
ԼһֱΪ۾Ǵߵãݼ˼ϵû
ԭǲ⣬ǡ
ثiЩۣۡ
ͻȻЩء
Ҹɿɣ۶ôˣҲ¶ˡ
ʵգ˿СƣԼıشǰŵ۶ҹϲλãԿ۶Ǹһ۹ĵо
ϲĸоҲȷʵ൱ǵ۹
ȴ骡㲻Ψһģͷһصĵ۾ø硣
ҹһξȫ˵ĵ۾üָ΢Ħţµ
۾ص۹󣬸˵ڵȨͻ˵۹ҲûϢȥݼȫӶԵ۹Ӳʡ
ԵȨĺȤ
ղ̫ţʵˣȫ˸˦ƹ񣬶ι۹һȤûС
ֻĵ۹տľӡ
Ҫ˵Ψһʲôϵ£ǴĪĹһ߽˵۹
˲С׸ݺһƽܵĸס
֮⣬ĺͨͨûκεļֵ
Ҳͽ˶һߣ۾˵ģڵȨôǻܺúõֵܡ
ֻҪ۾͵·
ȻͻȻһ£յ㿪һһİIDȥIDȴثi
ثiǵ۾֡
һ㶣Ϳһ仰Ҹʱٿɡ  
飿ٿʲô飿
˾ӣֹȥѯʣøҪȨӻ𣿡
ӣ
ثiڵ۹ۣ̽
Ͳô̽һʱ꽫۹˹ô
Ժϴϵļثiüˣ۹չźʣŲƽ׶һݹ
ţ۾һ䣺ܽУҺϽȥ
˵ܽ飬մ˿ڣ
۾ʲô˼Ǵֵ۹ˣ
ָ߬ڣ˵ôжȨĵģø׼ˣ
޵ջǹĻһ䣺õģø硣
ҪΪ򲻹Ժֳ︡۾ǸĪֵЩԼԣ޵תͷȥŵ۹Աˡ
գҶЩա
ثiӣһֱӵϢ˵Ĺȥڴڴϰ߸߶ȺѹӢƣǣثi׽һʱ䣬ȴֺثiûиܸУثiϸֲܲЩϵһ׽һ㺣ǹɱثiΪϲ
ȥˣڵNثiߣǰźÿõҶ͵վ
ӣ³ΪˣºۼثiӾĳһкۼģô죬ﶼˣ¶ߵÿһ缡ˣûпκӡǡ
Ҷӡϡ
Ҷثi˵ȣϴɡ
򣿡ثiüͷ΢￪ŵǰҶ
Ŀƣ峺ĳڱеľģͺ֤Щʲô
ثiĬˣСһﵽҪ֤Щʲôأ
˵Сһǰ˵ĻͷҲʶСһ׽ĲѰ
ثiָڣµīɫͫһ˿΢⣬뿪ڣȴСһƮƮĴҰϴ
ثiָȻˣͫһ£ԭ뿪ڵѯͨͨѹȥֻһͷ˳
áӦ΢΢͸ź졣
۹רŹ۾ԡĵطһܴԡأԡصˮԶˮ£ǰثiϴܶΣÿζһǰġ
˵һѰϴĵطôһѰĵطثi߽ȴһ߽·ĽŸУ󻹸ˡ
ҶĬĬĸثiʵ˵ЩʱѾˡ
ثiЩĻ˵壬ôڣ˵Ҫϴ費̫ʣǼȻѾ˵ˣҶҧҧǸˡ
ζҪثiûµĺۼ
Ҷثiվˮر߾þòָ΢ǰ·Ŀӡ
ثiͫһ£СһﾹȻôثiԼЩ


78 
ͷ⿪˵¿ۣҶ̧ͷһ⿪µ塭ɾһϺ
ͷ⿪˵¿ۣ Ҷ̧ͷһ⿪µ塭ɾһϺõİ ûκ覴á
ҶĳȥثiԼӣϢء
Ҷɻ̧ͷȥ ײīɫͫ ˫ͫΪɫһֱԵúܳȣɴ˿ǲȵ£һŻһ ȵ˽Ǹӣܵȡ
Ҷһ ԭÿÿΪثiԼӶȥ㺣˿̷˰񳤣ǳȥĶ縴һ㣬ʻ ԽԽ죬 һֻõӡ
ԭҶעǼûӿܴڵĺۼ˿̿ǰ׻λεһƬ ŷֻߵȣŷǰһķ衭
ָ΢ ɫͨı ˵İˡ
㡭Լϴϴɣ ҪҪȥˡ
˵꣬ Ҳثi˵ ٵ뿪ԡأֱӳ˵۹
ثiҲδżСܳȥˣǹ¶˿˿Ц⡣
֮ǰȷ֮Ժܿ϶ȷˡ
Сһˡ
֪ثiôָƽԼֶ¶ȣˮñԡѹͷļ¶ȡ
ûʲô໶ϲĵˡ
ثiţܿǾͿһˡ
۶һ칫¥տűټĸԺʿȻԪԼԼĻӶӳ棬ࡣ
˵˵ɣôξܽҪ
ԣһᣬԺʿȻſ˿ڣ
˵һֱԵȨֵȱȱ˵װģʵڵһʱ֣˴ܲ
Ȼ˵꣬Ԫü˵ҲôΪǵ۾ӵս޲ʤľӣŵ۹ȽҪҪصȨǺ׵¡
û˵꣬ͱӵĶӳһԸˣԪһסˣǡʱ俪ڣҲô־Լ硣
Ҳ˵ģҾ;Ԫ˵ĺеմ濪˵ţվ˿˵ֻټˣǶεˣν˵ʲôֻҪеĶ˵˵Ҳǵ۾˵
Ȼԣ˵ǵҾֱˡ
ճȻͷȻ˵һ۾̫ĺ겻۹½͵սʿĽ죬ȽԪ˵Ķԣ۾Ҫ۹ʤ㡣
룬һ䣺ңҶΪ۹ԭǵ۾ģ۹ȡԼĶһȻͼ򵥡
˰ָˣ˵ЩҶףԣΪʲôҪأ
ȻЦǰǹؼˣְѵȨҪߣΪʲôҪһٵأֱٿʽҲòӲ𣿡
⻰˵Ĵ治ˣȻǳԵģô˵һ涼ûˣۣΣյĿȻ
ȻˣҲ֪Լ˵ˣæ˵˵۾ĿģǵȨ
Ȼ˵ҽǣвҲȻڵȨͲҪǶ㣬ֻҪž͹ˡ
⵹ǺһʼĽǺˡ
ԣָ΢Ҫǿ㣬һҲҪһΣҪΣֻҪͷ
˵ţʵòЩŤԭԵóϿҵһ˿
ȻԣЩȻΪԺʿڵ¶꣬˲˵˼
Ҫ۾ѽ
ÿһεúõ˵۾ĵ۾ڵִȨһҲֻּΣθκһβͬ۾ˣ˵Ƥ¡
ʱ޿̵Ķŵ۹Ǹͷһˡ
κһλ߶̡
Ȼˣǡ
ǶԸ۾ûʤĿܡԪڣ˵Ȼﻰ
ָڣ֪ҽ֪˼վһߣ
Ŀ⾼űĸˣ˻࿴˿Ա̬˼ȴͬȻߡ
õ˵ı֤΢˿Ҿͷˡ
һֱԵúܳĬ״ʵǴжж
˵ż˾ͻߣңȣܵȵҵ۾ߡ
˵ţ˵ˣˣȥˣ˽ٿֻΪ֪ܽ𣿡
˵ͷհ֣ˣǰ˳˼
ĸףλԵ۾սսľһ˵˵һĶңλӾʩһ
գǵϣһεҲĸо
ףԸգףԸԶĸܡ
ԭ̫ףֱ˵۾ثi׵ĸˡ
վǰԴϢλߵ˶ҪϷ۶ﶼɣҪʲô⣬۹ǵ۾˵һǲԼҳԱƵģôƵ۹ƿġ
ֻͨشǰۿ벻ͬǵ۾еİѵ۹ƿġ
˭ִȨ˭ִȨ
ֻܶҪһ仰
仰ƫ˭Ǿ˭ģǿĶȨ£˵ŬʡȫˣֻüƫС
ֲĸҲ֮ʸпǸǿȨʩġ
۹Ҫٿܽ飬Ͻص۾ҪϢѾǼȰöˡ
۾ص۶ô죬ʲôжûС
ǰö˲²⣬۾ѹ뵱۾ˣֻĵ۹ﳤĢ
˲²⣬۾ҪУôĴУҶ֧֧˵ס
۹ΧоӵĶԱأͨõϢѵģ۾ջص۶䶯ûϢҲ֮¡
ִϢذϢǴڵ۹ҪĢĵ۾۹ˣҪϽ飿
˺ö˵Ĳ²⣬Ҷ²۾̲סҪִȨˡ
죬˶ţ뿴¼ķԼ뿴ص۾ܲժ¶
ƽҲǰ
Ҳ֪Ϣ˳Ĭûи߲ôȵҶҶ˻롣
ʵϣڶǡ
Ƕ룬۾úõĸͻȻκϽ۹ˡ
۾ӹ˵۹ƽӰܲ󣬵ݵӰȴܴܶⶼ۹йأ۹ִȨҲ䣬ĺܶĿֹܿܶͣˡ
ֱġ
ڻ鿪ʼǰӣεĵ۾ڴϽԺ׳ˣʽһɫĶĶ̷صţһɫߣſһ·ԳߵߵǸλãĿ֮£Ȼ£Ӧеλϣλԭǵյġ


79 
ø۾ثiȻÿǺÿԴλϢ
հ˰ ϽԺԾߵԱ£ֻߵһ£һ͸ϽԺƽƽĸоˣ ǵ۾ثi֡
ָ߬ڣ̵ͷƻ
ͻȻΧһ΢㵣 ̧ͷ ˶ĵ۾ſ˹ȥֻȡߵĵ۾
һò꣬ ЩⲢò һ˫īɫۣ˿ͫм۵ͣܺõĵ׺ԵЩۡ
Ǽ˵գҲɵ΢˿
ø۾ثiȻÿ
Ǻÿ ԴλϢæͷ ҲǿðģҲŵͷ
˿̵ݺƽܲڵ۾Ϊ ͻȻ佫߸ȡˣžͷ΢΢˹ ˿ܿ һֱͷ򽻵ƽһ۾ܿ ۾ٿ
ף õ۾ΪʲôҪ׷žͷߣ
ǵģ 飬Ǳսܣʱѯʽ飬һֱ׼žͷңϷһھͷǰֵиɻ
飬98%ľͷһ꣬Ǽû˻᲻֪ǵ۾ˡ
ƽܺݶţĬˡ
˵۾ֻȥˡ
˽Լ˼ŵ۹С⣬ûκζ¡
²Ҫӹܵ۹ǸһͷûС
ڻնЩš
ȻΪ۾Ϊ˶ȨҲĪΪָµģڻثiѿ׼ˣ˭֪ôƽ˾Ĺȥˡ
Щţ룬ثiǰʵЦ˿ڣø硣
ثiŲһ٣תͷգն˶˵ܽ飬õ۹ôء
̽ثiۣգīɫͫ˿һֱ׵ʣϣ˵ʲôأ
ثiϣ˵ãĲ𣿡
һ㶣ثi˵ǡáԼͺȫǿá
ø˵Цˣֻǵʡ
𣿡ثiץסһۣ
΢һı飬һܸܵϵĲϲ볰ҲĻش㣬۹Ĳô޹޹κһ˶ز
κһˡ
ͷһԹڴ˿¶һ˿ǡñثiץثiۣõ۹ȴŽ𣿡
˶ԼʵԴ󣬻жյĲмһˣָ߬ڣثi˵֪ԼʲôľǰЩǴԼҲʹء
ثiԽ뿪뿪֮һ꣺˵ˣֵַģȨͻһֱģҪᷳˡ
յͷ΢΢Ķţ̧ۣԹ޾һҪ˲Ԩ
ثi뿪ķ򣬺޺޵ҧĬĬľһգҪ
˴λ࣬û̫µϢ۹չѾȶˣȶĲҪ̫ĸı䡣
ڣ˴λעĿ㣬Ȼǵ۾ثiò
ǳߵص۾ˣ
žռһȵ㣬һǵ۾ǼҶġ
۾ò¶ˣ˲ŷּҶǼ˺·ˡ
ңǹϵӡ
ʱ򣬴Ҷ˵ҵǷ¹ʱӽϽĹ
ʱΪϽǰ£Ǽ˺ŷϢڵ۾߸࣬ڵ۾°
ֺῴϢɵˡ
Ҷôߵĸ߶ȵ𣡶ң۹ĵ۾ԹǸôľ룬ô
ǵʱǸģڻûбд𣿣
ȥԼҶҶѵ۾Լü
˰ա
ڶ˰֮ʣյҶǼ˺Ǽѡ
ǰЩӻҶ̫۾Ƭء
үү̵Ҷ෢㡣
֪Ҷǲ֮ǰ̫ˣѾöûиˡ
Ǽ⵽ѵô󲻻ҶٷϢ
ҶǼ˺һͬʱһѵ۱㵽ǰߡǾͲҶƬ˵Ĺϵ
Ƭǵ۾仰˵ǾͲ۾ҶĹϵ
棡ڷǳĺ棡
Ҷûи£Ǿǲ£Ųžȵ㡣
޵Ļش𣬻һ
󵨲²۾ǼҶĶӣ

֤һ֪ҶǼ˺·ĸճƽܡݡԺס۾ҶĶӣҶ˵ֻϲɹӵճӵճǼ˺ϷϣҺɵ۾Ҷĵĸӡ
֤ݶҶǸأǵõҵƽܵʱ򣬴ƽܵţƽģҲˣٺϽԺҲͬ·һҵӾڶߣĸճʱڵ۾ߣؾֻжԶӲ
֤֪ҶĻ򼫺ãĶӣƽܡݡԺףٳһ۾ĶҲΪ档
ڶ޵ĻشǸһ޻شġ
²۾ǼҶǸ˵۾ǵһ۾ѪѲɻǰһε۾Ҷµε۾
һ޵۱ȥɲȫΪ࣬۶ࡣ
廨ŵģ˵۴ǵ˼·۹ĿƼѾܷչˣѾлˣǼǰֻҶһŮµˣȴڻҶĳİ⼸ˣȻ»Ҷü˺üӡ
ŵȶ̫ˣһӾƵȫǼʶ֪ˡ
ɢصԼİ칫ң㿪Ǽ˶λۺͶǵ۾ع뷨
һ򿪾ͿĻĵ۾Ҷ
ҶǸûκεֵСߣ
ôаǼȵ㣬ǵŶڸסˡ
յ˽ȥһȥͿһЩۣЦԷǣδϣһƬ
ҶǼ˺µƬţثiճģЩܾûʲôʮָ۵ƬƬϴŶԡǵ۾
ôİ͵۾ʮָۣô۾ƬЩͷֳһͷ
ʲôϵҪҪثiС߾Բһ㡣
ˣԭΪС߲ûʲôֵشˡ
ҵĹڵ۾ثiⲻô
æȥѹҶһС
꣬ߵǰһ¾ɵıʼǣʼд֣򿪷мǺŵһҳһҳдŵһ۾Ӵ
ʱʧõĵһ۾Ӷӳ֦ҵ˻ıʼġ
鳤꣬üĿȥüĿ۾еị̄ɫΪ꣬ľҪȥԼҲû˿˵ĸоˣֻúڿһ֡
ؿһƪ˵۾īɫǵһ۾ǰԼĻ򶼴ݸ˺


80 
󷭣һмǺŵһҳһҳдǵһ۾λս꣬о
󷭣 һмǺŵһҳһҳдǵһ۾λս꣬о顣
ıʼô¼ġ
ˣ ۾˾סоооԴͷ߼ܣ ۾εļ˲κ˵֪ Ҷų⡣
󷭣˱ʧǰһ̣Ǻŵһҳȫڣ һƪ֮ǰմӶ϶¼ıʼ֪ʲô¡
ֺе ۹˼أĻӻ࣬ӣСضǵ۾ثi;Ӷӳ֦սʱŵء
ͷڣثiͲ֦Ǹ֮ʱ ֵĻرϮˣ ǲ֦ķ˱ȺоˣԭƻثiͲ֦ ˻µоϺ豸صĻأذ˽ӦثiͲ֦
رͻϮˣ ʲôûü صΪ˻סϺ豸ֻܷźѰ źŵһʱ䷢͵㹻Ƕ Ϊ˻ʣܾ˽Ӧȣ ֦ķ˱Ⱥ;оˡ
ȻôˣһֱĻΣʼϼ¼飬һֱڡ
˺ܶƪıʼǺڣʼǱӭµݡ
ϼţ֮󣬲ǱȣӵоԱ֦ʹȥľӶԱˣ۾һ˻˵Ƕ˴ֻУҲǳУûã۾ثiҵ˱Դͷ
ʼϳ¼ݣͬʱ¼ɻô¼ġ
յ˱ȵźţֹһΣ˵Ϊ˱Ϻ豸Ҫ֣Ĵܣһεźţڶ˵ְΧˣԮصûڱצ£˴ֻ֡
Ψһ֪ĵ۾ô˵ϱˣ˶ثi
о˶ˣоԴͷ˶ˣثiôҵԴͷģô֪ǱԴͷģôǱԴͷģһгثiԼûκ֪
ĳ˱ֵıԴͷҪģңȺƤ½дثiûκ֪۹äĿŷ˵ʲôʲôҲûȥ
¼ɻıʼǺʲݣ͸˼һдԼĲ²⡣
ثiֲ̫ˣѾӵеˣثiֻ˵ڴ﷢õôܣʲôӵôֲһǱԴͷʲôԴͷܿثiõԴ˽˵ǱԴܿΪ˽̡Ϊ˽ԴͷѹͲᱻ
дֻȥˣֶ࣬Ǿòثiһ
һҳֻд֡ҪƵȨˡ
ʼǵⱾʼʱʱᷭһֱ浱ʱڵ׷ʲôһ۾ôԴͷս꣬ԽԽı־Ȼôʧˣһ۾ثiжֲֲ˵ǲӵеȻȤ¹ȻȥǶΣԴ
Ϊ˽ԴͷѹͲᱻ仰ռ˺ܾá
룬ûбǲʱҲҵԴͷ
򴽣ʱ۾ͲԺڵ۹صİʲôɳȥ޷ӽ۹ԶԶƹһۣ˵һźڲԲ壬ⶫһ·ͶвԺףΧ˶ܽջԴ
ǰŸȥһ˵۹ǵ۹һ޴ĵңôҪڵ۹ʵġ
һֱ˻ɣȥ֤Ҳ֪Ҷ񡭡ثiѹͷģǰ಻ס棬ɼȥ̽
۾ص۹²ĵ㿪ҶǼ˺ŵʱ˲ɫŹ
¶ˣɹǼѵĿⶼСһϣԭΪظֵǶˡ
ƽܡݡԺ׶ûţûˡ
ƫƫˡ
ûţеǡСһĶӣ
ǾʱôͲò¸ӹϵˣôҪǷʱǾͲأ
ثiüģЩȵøġ
ɴص˶ԡ
ҶЩգûеǼ˺ţżȻһǣŷثiǼǰ¶ˣҶʶˡ
Ȼֺö۾ǲӡ
⡭ʵģ֪ôشΪҲ㲻尡
ˣҲûӵĺۼ˵ֱӿ϶ثiˣЩثiϵϢԽԽŨˡ
ҶüģҲķ꣬ɴصԣشˣŵ֤شɡ
ֻǣô֤أʲô֤
Ҷ°ͣĶǰثi
ǰСһ峺ӿͫӰԼӰӣȫȫβװϡ
ثiϴԡСһܵӣʱΪпĲѡ
ǰˣֻСССɰޱȣ°ģԵúΪثi΢ֻǰСһôô˻ϲĿⶨ΢ĴŲۡ
۵ĴԵôɫɲͣثiָ΢飬ûס̽ͷսĴ
Ҷһ㶣˼ڴ˿̻ع飬ǰǷŴثiףϢ価ȵĺѹһ֮
ҶӦʲôԵצثiһצӣثiʹס˱˵򦣬㵵ĿҶ
ҶҲˣûϵԼôثi򦴦˺ۡ
סҶֻ촽֣˵ڶһ⣬򴽣ɬĿڣҡ
ثiһ羪֮񣬺վŻңŰûڣˣǸҳȥһ¡
˵ţתͷ˳ȥߵּֿҶ׷ȥƵġ
ҶıӰǰ࣬Ĵꡣ
ʵҲûôഥֻЩ⣬ŲСĳֵġ
ثiΪηӦô󣬶߳ȥˡ
ثiʲôأ
ҶӺҡ
ثiߵſڣţ޳ָشԼĴ꣬ɵĺ͸ˡСһĵһǡ
ôţĿڷָ̣»˿ڴɫ˲˻ȥӯϲõ񰵵ȥ̾˿ͷƽյķţ룬һȥ
Ҷڷûã䴫ҶһϽԺס
Ҷ΢˾񣬲Ժ˽ף㡣
ثiģ
Ҷ΢˾ԼڣҲΧ˺¶źã֪׽Ժ׾ͻԺףһ˴ŵʱԶһš
Ҷ˿ϣÿһλãԺ׻⣬˹ȥ
ƽﶼҶҲԺ˵ĻʲôⶼģҶԲ״̬Ժ׿ĿİͰһ⣬ȴȫһû״̬ӡ
ԺױεŪܲˣ͵վҶڻ


81 
۹ĺһС԰ƽʱ˺٣ڹ԰ҶͲԺײšã
ԺֻӦͷƤ˵еơ
Ҷԣ վ˵ǳȥ߰ɡ
áԺ˿
۹ĺһС԰ƽʱ˺٣ ڹ԰ҶͲԺײš
ãһЩ΢磬Ǻʺɢ Χ˺٣ ܰ紵һЩҶ쪵
Ļ鶼ˣ ԺתͷȥԱߵˣ͸ϷҶ߲ ԭ͵ΪķΧԵ׺ͣ׺͵ﲻĸֳӰ
ռԺ󲿷ܰˡ
һйҲʱľˣԺ׶˶ٽŲҶǰȥ ͷȥҶ
Ҷһ㶣 ͷ
ӽǺԺеӰˣԺͷ΢ Ҷ˹ǡ
ԺͻȻҲνע˵Ҳע Ȼô׽ ôȥĸĸأ ȫǸĸʱܰļ䡣
ҶԼӶڵϲ Ŷ °Ϳôˣס
һסеĲԺ׸ǻ쳣΢΢ʧ񣬶վҡҡͷûʲôһЩ¡
£
Ҷվ۾΢ĿŲԺס
һֱ֪ԺΪʲôôʹޱ֣һֱûл˽⣬ǲԺ£ҪҪһ£˵Щ֪顣
ҶᣬԺ׿ǰ˾΢һ㶣˶ԼĹܸȤô
ʱ˵Լ˵˵˵ԼС˵ԼˣϣԼ
ǲԺ׶ûʲô飬ǰҲһֱԵ޾ɵģ˾񣬻ǶȤ
Ҫ˵
Ժûã˾ֻʲôЩɣǷݳɺܿɢ
ɫ仯Ժ˿ڣԣҵ¡
Ժ˵ţҶ˵Ѿһˣغܶ߹ˣҾ˵һЩ֪İɡ
ȵȣʲôʱثiһˣثiָԼʲôˣ
ҶſڣԺףϾҪ˵ĲԺ׻ĬĬı죬ĵȴԺ׿ڡ
֪ǣ⼸ثiᣬڲԺͨ
Ժ˵֪Һޱֻ֣ΪСʱӰʵһֱûҺޱֵԭҲһֱ֪ҵĸĸ˱ֵצ£Ǵֻ֡
Ҷ𾪵ͫһ¡
Ժ˵һֱƭңҳڳʵ֪һеһЩ䡣
Ժ׵˼ǻص˴ǰҸǾӵĶӳ֦ĸ׽бȣǶһ˸žս͵սʿһŻأžӵĳɹӦ׺;ϣǸ׺;սǿĺܡ׸žսĸػصʱ򣬻رͻϮĸȱܾĸΪ˱صĳɹ٣Žʣľ˱֣ڴĸױֹܣҼǵú뿪ǿ̾Ϳĸ׺ͱڲǱֳüֻ۾ܶȣ֩Ȼ࡭Ӵĸ׾ͱѹ¡
˵󣬲Ժɫ԰ףجε
һŮӱѹסˣûĿܡ
ĸ˱ֵצ£ףĸڴͷźŸףһģ϶Ǹĸףұֻ
ĸôֻܱأ
ѵʱ򣬶֪һ㡣
֪ĺ⣬Բһֱװ˾Ļ
ҶŲԺ˵һУȫˡ
֦ͱȣ֡ѳĵ۹֮ӵĶӳķô
бֳ֣ѹӢͥˣ
Ǻüǰˣǰӡ˼ꡭΪԼȻ쵫ҲرѽܣҲ˼ˣǱثiȣثiܾثiҲ˼ꣿȻҲԼӰɣ
ңثiԺ׵ĸĸ˻֣ӵ˼ثiӰƭӣƭӡΪʲôƭԼأ
ѵΪ˼ʵ𡭡
ҶӸˣҳ飬ִ˿ԼеһЩ¸Ժ˵ȫԲϡ
֪ʹޱֵԭˡ
ΪΪɱĸ
𰡣
Ҷһʱ޴ĿĲԺףҲѡ
Ҫģӻô̹֪ԼݵĵһʱҪˡ
Ҷء
ڰ칫칫ͻȻһ£ֽ̧ˣǰֳ½Ӱ
һݾͼĺܣ
üôˣ
½˺ö˵ҪҲĹڵһ۾Ѿˡ
ԣҶĽ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ǸˣʵԲòˡ
򣿡½ƤҶ˵
üĿ΢˵Ჹġ
½Żɫ˵ЩԲҷһɺҲ˼¡
򣿡ݿ
½һƬ˵ǰǵ۾¶ҷҵһ۾ҵһŲƬ޸ƬƬǵһ۾Ҹ˵һ۾ڵĵ۾һģһ˵ǿ𣿶ңƬһ۾һԵСкǸСкɫͷֱС͵Ͻ
ݿ½˵ƬƬϾɣ޸ȵȳԵúУԱ޸ʾ˲ǵ۹֮ˡ
ţ𾪵ۣ½Ĵ񾭲ͬһ۾ƳˣʲôǿͬһˣǱŵСϴСʱԺ׵ʱǳ
ǶˡǶĻ˼꣡
Ժֲӣܻ겻ֵ֣۾
߬еıʣ½ĳ棬ݻ˻飬侲ĸ½˵Ƭģû˿
½ҡͷûûУҸոԭء
˵Է顣
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83 
λܵģثiʡ
Ժ׵˵ͷȿþЩ
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ܶù벻ֲһѹӢԵˡ
ثiŵĴսűߣƬ̣š˷ţźߣǰ׷ͫľ͹ڴϣ˫̱ͬʯһ۾
ثiͷԭҶ֮ǰֻͨòʱ鶯̬ѾԳˣСһﻻǶеľòʻľǰثiֻļ죬ķ·ҪӺˣƲסҪǰݺݵıסڽԼѪںϳһ壬ҲֿˣֻԶԶվţԶԶţԼ
ãôԴľ顭
Ľ˼ˣӵһദʱ俪ʼסδ뿪ˡ
ثiС߽ŵĲȴԵңֱ֮ңثiͣʣһͬԴҸոΪ޸壬㿴ʲôҪʲô𣿡
Ҷԣǳɫͫ΢תתŵϸĹβķ⾧Ө
ԭǡi
ثiһiеĸûʲôͬثiеζ
Ǵǰġiʶġi
ثiᡸšһСһʹͷڴϾӡ
ثiڵȴһУСһͷǲ˵
޾ĳĬثiЩңޱ侲Ը˭ĵ۾˿ҶǰµСǰһϥ˴ǰͷŴϵľ飬˿ڣҴˡ
Ҷ΢˵Щ˲ɱģңҲǸ֣ҷֱҾˣεڴһֱ㡭Ǹ
ôҲ
һ˵˺ݻǰˣûһУεڴ֣һǲûȫع飬ԾɻһڴʳһзִҪҳǰˡ
ֱȫָǣ֦ҵӪûټǰˡ
˼ֹˣثiĿζҵʱѾ˯ˡ
Ҷһҵ
СһΣ˿Ƿɻװ׵дУثiЦһ˵ԣҵ㡣
ң֪˯еѹӢҲܵĺܿ죬Ӹŵһֻ޷Ӧ
˱֮ثi˺ܶط۹߲רΪСһｨģдСݣݵȵȡ
Ȼ˼ǽǼΪ˴ѰСһټľļǿ֧Ǽ³оо֣оľ¿ƼԣԼµȻΪԱֵ£ÿһǱ˶Աֶеɱ
Ŭûа׷ѣооĶԣľΪתݹǼʵΪԵĴڣҵСһ
ֻҵʱͺͺҰݣӲݶҪвָͬԴûϳ
ѹӢʶΣգܽɾ˲Ƶü졣
ʱΪҪˣ֪ǣֻܵĲĴսԶ㿪ˡ
ثiʱ֪Сһԭ
ҲΪɹĶ㿪ı֣ɹĻ
ڴСһﲻӣʼսӽֻԶԶĿţҲʱſСһ¹ӻֳ΢Ľɫ˯ǰʱգȥ̽Сһ
оĲҲʱ򣬷һѹӢѹӢصڵͬͬԴΪԼҪժȡ壬ɫѹӢĴ˵Ҳʱġ
ثiúܺЦͷͰоòְˣоרֻо
֮Ѿ֪ԼȲСһˣսأҲ֪Լǳ˯ǻһ˯оСһﱩ¶˵Ǽ£ǣıСһΧεò˺ܶͱڡɳľȵȡǴԴﵽ뿪Ǵع۹˺üΪԭʼܱһСһ˯ĵط涨಻ǰЩϣСһš
û˱֣СһڴֿԺߡ
ǵʱΪСһΨһ顣
ȻΪܳ׽ثiǲѽСһλôԼĶУĵǿƹĹؼвֺĵֻСһϵĺܽǹ򳹵ߡ
֪ԼסˣҲ֪Լ᲻һ˯𣬱˵ʱܵȫ˹ǽԱܶܶ꣬ܶɢˣȻˣཫΣʱ򣬶ԲŻСһλóʵݵ˵ǰԻˣСһǾ
жźˣòûߵһ
˯ʧȥڵõ䣬ңѣ֪ûô
ǰȥСһסˣǰȥ˵ע⣬Сһ
ʱ磬棬ثi֪ԼΪСһĴڣֱӽСһڵλôӶɾˣڣȥСһﶼÿżǸصȥ̽·
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Сһ޷ӦҲ޷֪ģѹ֪Լҵ
΢ã벢ϵĶ
ثiţǼ⣬ΪһӶòԭˣʹãԭʹڳ˯Уºۼɴ˿̿ǰžثiһʹ
ǰľ飬вԾôһ˿ί
ޣ۹˵ĵ۾ڴ˿ҲһǰԼûܱܶίѹͨˡ
ͦģһζûҺúõߡ
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Ҷģ˵ʱ㻹أΪǱ֣Ҫɱң
¼ҶĶʹġ
ոĲԺ׵ĻʱѹˣҲҪɱңӣ
ʵҶѾ֪Ȱ͵ˣǻ̲סó
˵ûжˣȫίίȵ۾ĻҪϼ֡
۾ǰСһͻȻһ˿Ц⡣
ڸί
۾ָ˵Щᣬڶ⿪ˣûҪɱ㣬Ҳֵģʱܣңҵ㻹𣿡
۾ǣ֣ԼؿڴǴһųȵҶָü죬ֱӽӴǿøоǿȫȫƿġ
㡭۾ҧҧ˵Խҵ𣿡
ڴɹѵһӣʱŵģƽҰݡҶһһˣҰЩ͸ʱҾ͸̹ҵ⣬̹ײֹһˣ㡭ء
ثi˵ţҶ
Ҷ΢һȫĹ΢ȥ룬֪ثiԴ֮ΪƽҰܴһˮˮΣǹϵݡ
Ҷͷ΢÷ᣬֱ޴ʹڸǣ˶ثiԼ֡
򣿡ثiָڶ˶ſտҲЩãȻ
ܸܵ˵ĶΪһܾģ
ѵǲԭΪ
Ҳǵȷʵܹ֡
˯ǰֻǿϧûܵǸŵСһû͸ԼΪСһｨĶͳȥˣǸҲ˵ˣûκźˡ
˿̣Сһ˲ԭҪΪɱҲ̹Ȼܡ
ثi֣һξõģҶ˵ʲôҶԭ㣬㺦ҵӣ
ثiһ٣ȻԼҪһ¡
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ثiָһ
Ҷɫͫöثi˵Ƕҵĺӣ
Сһĺثiһصʹثiͷһָо˺СһӣСһһݡ
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Ҷһ㶣ثiæ˵㿴Ӷкúõı档
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ثi˵ʮſţһû١
˵ӣ͹ʹĵڴε˺ܾãûʶεܵĻЩһŶδŪ
Ҷɨһثi֪õ㿴һ۾֪
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Ҳ֪ˮ֪ǲֽ
ӾôڲＷ˼ꡣ
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Ȼ֪ԼӳɳΪۣǻѡӡ
ثi̾˿ǰ˵ѾļˣЩȥҪƽܡݡԺһΪֵĻ͵ÿ
ҶԼӣɫͫӯ⣬ԵģűѪ
ѹӢΪѽ
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򣿡Сһ̧ͷ۵׻Ĵ⣬ɾľȪˮ˿Ȫˮȫɻ
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ثiſڣֱˣȻȰ˵תͷ˵ҪΪ룬ڣǲ޾ԳɳĹ⣬µЩ޷ɹ죬ҲܵӰ졣
ҲûһطСһµԭ
õСһϵĲֺҲõ֪ĻСһࡣ
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СһﲻͬСһȫĺʧȥȻ޸ȴһ˾ˣҲװˡ
˵ĺ֧һα죬˾Ͳˡ
Сһ﹩൱ӣԺΪˣĲûƽݴֻӵЩµܣȴٶһӡ
һŶУ˵ǲʮſˡ
ľǿЩӻȥ
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Ҷ΢ثi˵ʵ
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ŤУʹ࣬źֶšһšţšֽź³µվ񷢿һߵˡ
𾪵Ŀţ滤󣬼ǰȴĴٶȸ̵
Խ۾Ŀ־彥٣˷ܵķ
û˵ǽľǵ۾֮Դ
ֻҪӵܸ۾һΪһϵˣʱûǶ֡
ثiʮ̵¶̰
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ӾӵĶԱԺ˽
յɫ˲ĲҰףԺôôҵ
ӿٵת˹ܵ⣬ƿǰ棬ӭȥ
Ͻã֪ߵغСҪдҡ
˵ţʵ¶һ˿׺۾ŵϵʬ塣
Ժ׼״Ŀ¶գڿһ־һ
ǰϽ۵һƬȻĿԼĳ˵Ҿ;Ŀݡ
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򣿣һ㶣Щӵľٶȼ죬ѾѺסˡ
ϰαװգ˿ҲװȥˣŭŲԺףƾʲôץңֻһССϽʲôʲôץң
Ժԭļң͵óƾССϽ˵۾ָ
۾
һ۾ѹվͰˣԺʲôʲôҸɡ
۳˳飬װɵҲ˵ʲôô꣬Ϊ۹Ϲᡭ
Ժײ͵Ĵ˵ЩʲôΪ۹Ϲᣬ˵ĺûϵȨһοΪ۹ʲôܳĹ𣿡
۹ô꣬ƼûչÿǾӵҲ겻仯ˡ˵Ϊ۹ϹˣΨһĹ׸˵ôû½
ҲǼʺƽϵҲһûֵܵʲô
Ժߡ
˵꣬ɨ棬ͷַӵ̬һӵ۾
ô˵ţͷҲڳϷʵѾٵϵԪȻ
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Ѿһֵ֪˵֮Դֿɳȥ˻ģ
ֱ˵õͬۼĿ֫ΧŹǲԺ׳ֵ磬Ǿͻῴֶŵ࣬ϾԳƲһࡣ
ң˲Ժ׿Q֮˱ʴļֻбֱʴŻµúۼ
ôܱɱ֣ʷ϶û¼
ۼƭˣձץųֵΪء
ǵ۾ʲô˵ġ
Ƕˣ۹ĹǶˣǶԻ֪ػһ̽Ҳһ͵ա
ˮĵǿ졣
ԺײмĿ˰ڳһˡ
ثiǣҶңƽ߽ܺ˶ñµòȻһĶثi
ثiû˵Ҷǰ
Сܡݡ
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Ҷϸ˻ᣬûʲôԣϻϲ΢˿ƽĿⲻƵĿثi
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˳ӣƽһԼҪ̻һ
˼һЩƳҶĲԾСôӵˣȻûƵĸثiһģңûпеʧõϲ
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һݣٴаʣСӡһˣ
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ЦЦϲС
ثiɵĶ࿴ݼۣҲ֪Щʲôġ
iҪȥˡҶͷثi
ثiԣְ˼֣ǰǾǰʣ㡭
Ƕ侲һ£ֿһʱ䣬𣿡
ǰľ˫̵ˮÿ˵ʲôأثiʲԸõͷ
Ҷ״ƽݳţĩˣثiݵıӰݡ
ݻͷثi̸̸
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ǵ˺Сˡ
ᡭثi˵ţǲᣬ˵Ӧ֪Ѿ˰ɡ
ݽֱ壬ثiüĿ΢Ȼ֪١
ݳɫѾˣΪҶòѾˣңûʲôΣգƽɼ˻ȥˣԼڳڳҶ͵ŻûгݣѾȵĲͷˣ߬еһƿ˹ȥ
һݾͽƿҶ
Ҷ
˵۾ģţͿӣ޷ɱ֡
Ҳ֪ǵ۾ʲôֽţ˵ƿЩӱܷȡֲӡ
ҶĬĽӹ
˵Թˣֻѡ
С΢ЩϤֲ̫һ֮к
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Ϊֲ꣬϶ϣÿһֲʶͬƽܲԺһ㣬Լ顣
ȫˣ˵ˣס
һҪסġ
Ϊֲ꣬ҶʧٵжϣƿȥͰϡ
ֻͨѹӢҲԼӣ
Ժ׽˹˵ҵĵΪ۾ں˵һֱûнȥԶԶĿҶƽܡ
ƽܻһƨģҶģޣһͻ飬ԺĺǴӱһССѹӢ
۾˵ԭʼĶ˵Ǳ֣ȴѲвһı֡
۾һǶһ࡭֡
Ҫûе۾û࣬ҪûҶûе۾
Ҷ࣬ʲôʸȥʹ
Ⲣ⡣
Դ֪һ֮۽ǵѹӢƺʶԽԽǿˣԺ˸
ǰڴмָԼּ
ʱ־ǾԼԼ
صÿţѹӢõ㣬˵ףܸܵҶǸԴԴϵӿ롣
һЩ飬ǿֲά̬ɣֲڣӾͻԴԴϵչ
ԭȾ׽ΪԼӣȻþͻ׽ֲꡭ
Ҳˣʹޱ֣ҶΪÿζôһѹı顭
Ժ鸴ӵ˿̾Ը׽ڱ¶ֺ󻹻
Ͼֵôʹޱ֡
ԺţͻȻ㿪һȻҶ
ҶףȻؼˣпСܺ棬ҪңûµģҳʲôҶĸס
Ժ׿ϢķûСûôʹޱ֡
òڵòһˣôòǰѹӢҲԾ׽ġ
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ĩˣֲ˾䡪Բ𡣡
ҶһֱڶԲ𣬵һֱڶԲסˡ
Ҷ˲Ժ׵ĻظŵĲԭء
ԼҪɱӲ֪Щ飬͵֪ϢҲ֪Ժ׻᲻أ߻׶ĺ֣ɱûʲôʼӣңڵҽӣ㿴֦ҲûзԸһԸ˵ӡ
⵹˵ثiثiҲȶԸЩľˣȻϮġ
ûثiҲɥЩľ£ȻûثiҲӽǿ˵Σյ
ٶ룬ҶŲԺ׵ĻػĵĹԡ
ãӶڣûкġ


84 
պһϣ ͲסȻԪ
Ժ׵ĶС氵ıţ˶˵͸ϵ˵۹ ثi
ԭΪ϶ȴû뵽Ժ԰ǽӵ˻ҡ
ֻһ֮Եĵ۾ثiڻλá
ˣʾ£˷裬 һ̸Ҫµģ ⵹öЩ⡣
Ϊ֮ǰϢǲԺײеİǵոץˣ δ³İѵŪ߰㣬˵Űɱһˣ ȻǴǵ֪Ǹè塣
۾ϽԺһڵģʵûǺúýʱʮֵģ һ˳İҲץˡ
Ƕźˣ Сʱûܴӵ۹ȥͰ¼ȥ ִǲг롣
û뵽 һģ
Щ̿֡
ثiŶˣ ϲӣ ˿ڣ֪Ϊʲô ն˼ ϸ񡣡
һ㶣һۣԴӶԷ￴˲졣
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ͣثiЦЦĿŶˣ˱һԪ˵۾ϲַǵ۹ȷʵ޹ʴ롭
˵ţԪӲͷƤָ˵Ҳǲ˲ѰȻôܲ۹ʹ˱Ķأ
Ժüͷô֪졣
úܸɾ˶ץˣҲֻΥ˵۾Ǽʷ۾û˵κڱֵ¡
۾ȴثiһ㶼ȣثi󴦵Ķţ֪˶ϣ΢룬ͷ˲䣬Ķ
ˣԺҧ޺档
ثiۿԪĿ˵ѺãȻҲ֪Ԫ˵ķһûӣæ˵۾Ī֣ԪǸ˼
ûثiֱ׵Ӧˣҵ۹ȷʵʹ˱Ķ
𾪵ĵɴۣ˵ʵǽյϢʱǲŵģϾֶʧˣǶƽˣֵԴͷͱˣб֡
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Ͼ˴ʵ˵۾۾紫ĶҲӣһǿȷģǿƢãǶ˲δ£ȫѡܱܱܵġ
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ȻӦòɥʧԶ˲ŸԵġ
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û뵽һڳϣǹغ֣ǵ۹Ļˡ
Ǵ֪̽һ㣬ȫװ֪ȻˣֱӳˣǾ൱֪˵۹Ļܣ⡭ǵ棬ǶҪ˰ɡ
Ȼʶ̬ԣ˵۾㲻ֱ˵㵽ҪʲôһΪ˵ҲΪ۹ִԱغ۹̽һΪҪĻΪ˱ֻСʱʱ䣬Ϊ˱ɢһҥԸţûȥҪִҲǵ۾ġ
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ثiȻۣû˵ҵҵĶǼǰһ۾ûüٵıԴͷ֮ԭκζﱻȾ죬չ౻ǶȾҲ졣
˵ͻᱻȾʵثi˵ţһƸ⡣
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ثi˵Ϊ˲ֻţô꣬˼ߵĵطΪ˿ΣյĶģܿҾͻһ۾ʶ
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˻֮󣬻Щţƺǲ˵ĲţثiҲգֻ˵ŵĻȥһ¡
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ȻͷۣƬ̺Ŀⶨثiϣæϣ۹ӻ飬ȨƽΣ
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ŵ۾üȻ;µ۾ӣʱԼ˵ˣû뵽
ثi΢˵ͷʱͰţǿŰ죬۹һճҪľٳʵݹ
ǡӦ꣬ŻȻԼ̽ϢҪĻȵġ
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Ԫҧҧȳϣ֪֮ε¼ôһƲ飬ô˵Ҳõܡ
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Ԫ˿лϡ
Ȼʣ棿
ȻһĴثi˵ΪһССʲô
˿ثi״˿Եʱ˵СʱаСʱǻȥոպã߰ɡ
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Ԫʾ뿪Ȼ룬ͷ۾ҧ˵ϣһ۾Դͷ֮ûйڱԴͷ֮´Ҳ֪֮١
ȻһǼһԸ𣿡
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Ͼһ۾ûдǼڼ꣡һΣಢ֪ͻȻѡ
ңȻ⣬骷˵֮Դȴ˵Ǳ֮Դ
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Ըֱ֮գֱֳǼڶ֪ࡣȻ˵
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ԡֳûʲôܹġ
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ϴҶ͵۾Ϣռȵ󣬵۾һΰռȵ㡣
ش¼۹ǼԪxxxxxxٿ۹飬Ե۹۾ثiϽԺסԺʿȻԪΪ׵Ĺ108λŲμӻ飬͵۹չԱȨĽʽ֣̽ͼƬ
ڰ칫Ұ칫һԣͿϢ
üģǰӻĵ۾ȨӰĿⲻˣ
̾˿칫Ŀᱻ̫ࡣ
ȻһʱģĿȻȵλʱƽĻҪ١
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Ժһ׳յ˵ǴӲмڸ¡
˵ѵ۾ôҶȥ¡ôŷŹҵºһ
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ȥ˽⣬ŷǵ۾ȨϳһЩûҪٷһƼµĿԭǿƼ˾ԼҲƷӲѡˣǱˣĿչ١
ԭΪ۹᲻ϲ¿ƼĶû뵽۾Ҫչɹ£ԭҪ߹ϵͨߵĲƷһӱƷˡ
֪۾λĿôѺãݾСǵ۾Ȩ
ڵرΥǼʷ˵ңԭͺٳڹǰҶӡ˱Ҳ͹ȥˣû˷ϡ
˹۾нӴִǣЩҲܿıثiշˡ
ҶΪ۾Ȩ±仯е档
۾λ˺ܶĿһ̲ˮĵ۹עʵˮԴ»
Ӵڵĸڵбˣʧҵϼе۹ףÿ˶ȥһЩԼԭҳԵĶ۹һ
ڵثiѾֻᱻǼĻˡ
Ǽڴĵķ
ǵӪȻԪ
۾ثiͷʢͬҶȴٵȥ
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⵹ҲҶ¶ˣⲻɡҶˣǰڵ۹񱻹һûȫع飬ûɡԭҶÿ춥һԭ̬ڼﶼȥ
żţǴߺ綵ñݻСܵͬµġ
С޺貮Ҫźڶñˣ
ݸ˸ڣ˵۹¹ʣ˵ˣ˵ϵҩҪܹ⡣ң۹ɧܵ˾ţŲİ˵ġ
С޺貮ûɣЩҩΪ˸õ޸ǲܼڣڵ۹ɧЩ۹ȨĽӾͰǼʣСڵ۹У϶ˡ
˵ûҶʱ˿ϾҶڼҶģֻܵعϽ̬
ھڼĺԺȦһƬطԼӡ
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ңڱʱҪ㣬òʱ䲻ȥ
СĵСѿҶӷѿ鼫ãϣŵĺڶñڵס󲿷ֵòֻ¶°
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ƽܳϰҶԲľСޣСʱʱʱĨЦʧֻ¶СС֮ǰҪÿ
Сòƹģͨʤ鶯̬ʱǸȺҲͨˣСӵһֺܶصʣ鶯˺ͨòһܺÿͷÿÿתۣϲ
Լ鶯ͻŴ󲿷ֵӡС˵鶯ûˣСԭΪٸŴñСٸ֮ǰһתˡ
û뵽ŴñСƾ¶СһγɹС޵Ŀ⣬С֮ǰҪŲۡ
СɫŹ֡
С湻ģֻ¶һȫ¶Ҫ
ȥȦСүҪˣ
룬һˡ
С޺ص룬СĵĶǷֺÿոģַǼ˺¡
Ǽ˺ҲעСܿͽܵ˸¡
С޴һǡС磬쳤
С۾һ£Ժֳ︡С鶯ģ˲ɫһȡ
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ٵĵ˸ޣŹ̵˫տǰССÿηճҪȺþòſʣʱչСġ
Ҳ⴦ֳĵطһСרŵ¶ȵģ̫ȡ
С޼޵ĿصС磬С絽ʲôãСչǱչүСүҪġ
貮ҪչأСţСֹˣ˵Ҫչˡ
ճүСүǰʱ䱻µϽԺ׵ճûЩˡ
ҶڿˣЩǼѵĿ顭С򴽣СѹͿ
ϢöԶѶģȥ
ֻڿүСүʱС޿عˡ
С֮ʣԶ˹С޿Ҷһۣӭȥ
Ҷţ΢˲ӣñ˿
˸С˵ʲôС޾ǰ
үϽԺ𣿡
үģҪҶثiͲԺ⣬һžܾˣС
ȻǼһĲ衣
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˵żǵĻѿ¶˾ΥĿЦ
²ܿСȫòС޶ܸܵĿģǷݿķܸȾˣС޵鶼ˡ
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á
С߳ȥϽԺף˽»үݷϢ
һæҽƽܸϻȥԼҲҸϡ
ԺȻСӣԺôޱ֣СȻ¶ǲֹȴ᲻
Ժ׵Ժʱ򣬿Źˮһ㳯СˮҶ
ҶźڶñסˣԶԶĿһɫŲ
˿ȻȣҲ̫װʵۡ
Ժ̧ۿ˿ڣС¶Զ˹ȡ
ǰҶۼĿˮԺױ
ܶ䣬ڶñδ䣬ǰĲԺ׻ǿ˺ڶñ˾޵ò
΢Ź⣬ںڶñϸۡ
ԺһæС޵ǰһʱ䣬ӭȥ£סĺڶñ
סļ́ͷڲԺǶȿð˷ò۵ס
Ժ׵һ˸ÿˡ
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ǶĲԺף˿̼ѹӢҲɵ˼֡
Ժæ˼ͷٿٶ࿴һ۾һ
ףͻȻԶҶĪͷֻһŴɤ˵񾭣ԺͻȻãѸеίˡ
ֵȫõġ
ǼõĺҲֻλˡ
Ժױ죬Ĳ鲻Ըǿǿˡ
ҡ㣬
סˣСޣǽɫͫд˲ãžСߡ
СүУСү֮ǰ뿪벽ӲͷƤû
ʻСش˵Ͻү˵ˣͿҩɼ⣬ң۹ǴɧŵҼүˡ
СľԼϢˣҶŲԺԼүƽˡ
ȻⶼССĬĬ롣
Ժ㣬ûϵСô˵Щתһ֣Ҳˣǰ˲Ϊڸòõ˵ǡ
ǺǾ䡭
ŵˣ
Ժ׿ҶɫȷʵܰףԺüͷԵЩգҪǿһЩҲŵ
˿ȫˣǼǰӱִڵʱģıֱȲԺ׼Ķöࡣ
ǸԺ˵
ҶգգۣȻʲôæֽ˵ûС
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Ȼû˵꣬С޵ĻƮ˹ԹһǸܵҼүܵ˺
СޡҶСһСһ٣Ҷ˵ô˵ףܺõģܻҡ
˵ǵҵʱ
Ժԣͷ΢
Լ𡭡
Ժ׻ԼҪɱԼٸ
С͵ͣ죬ﰵС̫ˡ
̾˿ҶԺɫûкתӣС˵Сޣȥɡ
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СüΪѣүҲûһС߿ǲ
ãͬһʱ䣬ƽܸϵˡ
СȻ˿˹˹˵ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷƽһͽ䱸ĿŲԺףԺ׽յ䱸ü
Ҷӵ״̬ԣæ˵СܡףǱ𳳼ܡ
ƽܣ
Ժף
˶һۣӶԷƳ˶ԶԷĲ
ƽƲƲ죬ȳְ֣ûгܡ
˵ţбۿŲԺ˵ôæϽôпչء
⻰˵ŲԺæʵڳôŹ
ҲǣϴεҹȥѾһʱˡ
ʱһֱž۹¡
ʵûʱֻ֪ôˡ
Ǳһѡ
Ժ׿óƺǱǰֹˣǰ˲
ˡ
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ڣڽ죬˵͡ˡ
ӵʱ򣬲Ժ״ĵ˿Ҳģڵȱ˸һɡ
ɵȵˣȲˡ
û뵽ģȻǡҶģǴ޵ģ
ڵ¼֮ҹϸѯҶ¡
֪֪ҶǱֵ¡
룬ǰڵΪֲǽҶȥʵ۾ȵȡ
񡭡
ҲˣԭҶʬƬԭҶԭѾˡ
Ķ̸ȥִȥҽɫѹӢһΪǾľˣŶ֮õģֻϲСߡ
λôӾľ֮תƵ˾ϲϡ
ʱıЩ죬ʵһʼ䲻ֱ׸࣬ûкܿ̽ԱֵķӦ
ѹӢһʼɷãõľԱֵ̬ȡ
շ¹ȥҲϲ׽ĳΪһˡ
Ҳ֪˱ֵˡ
ֱ˵ף׽ȵȣֻΪһСҶСߡ
˺ң¶ѹӢ֦ģδԡҶݲɡ
ڣòЩϰߡ
Ҷƽܣô˵
ƽһûٿڡ
ˣҲ˵ҶܶԼŻȻ㿪ڽ˵ͱ䲻̫ȥֻˡ
䲻ȥ
Ժ˵ʲôҪҪҾ㿴
ǵͨҽ϶ûá
Ҷԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵û£ܾǱǹ˵˱䲻ȥûӰġ
Ժԣ΢ûӰ죿
òӰɣ
Ϊҵһʵǰòܱ˿
ǹ򾿾ʲôƽüʡ
ȻûҶѾ¸ˣݲ˵Ǳ֮Դ
ԺһƽܣǱ֮Դ
ǣ
ƽܴ㵣Ƕţ
Ժ򴽣ٹһӣȵ۹жԺ󣬾һᴦġ
ƽüͷˣһˣ
Ժ׵ͷƽܺɣ𣿡
ǼʾûˡԺΪԺ˵ţȫš
Ȼŵ۾ܴãﻹĵǵġ
Nǰûܴ£ܴ
ľ֮ǰܶǰ˽صĹ㣬˳˯ӻ˴ǿŹʱ䡣
ھȻһֱӣǱϾǱ֮Դ֮ǰ봦˯ˣڻṻ
Ժ׵ģɵ۾һгģԺ׾ľЩûи
סţԺҶĺ˹ȥ˵ǽ𣿡
˵ţվƽܵԱߣԺһ㶣Ƕ˲վţɫ˫ɫӿſӯӯģȫᣬǹ˺ÿĻȣرĻġ
վԱߵɫ̷д룬Ƶͫǻ᲻ԾƣһźܳԺ׾ǴƳЩζ
ԺһһůĵԴԴϵ֫庡
𡭡
֮ǰôʹޱ֣Ƕһ˵
ֻҪ˵ܣǱ᳨
һˡ
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ɫЦӲӵͷԣЦ¶˱׼İ˿ݣ˿̲õľ̫ɢŹȡ
ûһӣϽ·ڴ˿һЦѿȫɢȥˣҲҲ˺ۼ
˿̫ĲӣŸģ
ţصĵͷƮĸľҵ˴Уȫĵİҵ˹
סҶȻľǶӡ
һߵԺôһŲһ٣ͿܰһĻͷ΢ůǰССܡ
˶٣Ժ׿һס
Ժָ΢΢΢򴽣һһװ˼ľ٣Եмɬ
ݣôˣҶʣ˾Ǻæ𣿡
æǵÿݿߵĿҶһۣûн⻰˵
Ժȴݵĵǣ˿ڣҲԸʲôģҵס
˵ף˲죬̶ҶϲԺ׸ոաܡǱֻҪˣôãİӶˣ
Ҷġ
˵ǽһҲֿˣףӵ۹СԱǼ䷿ܲģסǡ
Ժһ㶣ͼݺƽҲĿ⾼Ŀ
Ƕ
û۹οǱ߻о
ԺЦЦ˵ҿ϶Ըģֻǡ
ֻǣҶŲԺףԺҧҧ˵


85 
Ȼſ˿ڣͱˣѵôҾһҲˣȥԲͷɡ

Ȼſ˿ڣ ͱˣѵôҾһҲˣ ȥԲͷɡ
Сȥ׼ˡǰŲԺߡ
Ժ׽ŲϣҶϣ лҪ˵
֮ ݺƽܾûٸԺ׿ڵĻˡ
Ҷ°ͿԼҵ֣жҪˡ
ںֲһǸ黹ôá
ң ʧЩҲ׳ĳɳоԲˡ
ͻȻ Ժֳ︡һӰīɫͫģƯϴ޾ıˣҶһ㶣˦˦ͷ ˦еӰ Ȼղˡ
ƺĺæ극ͻع˾ȥˣ ƽܵ¾ֱҵſˣҶ֪ ƽΪ˸ϻ˽ܻģ æ˸ߡ
һ˲䣬 ֻʣ²Ժ׺Ҷˡ
ֻ ûС޶Ҷ ҶԺͲԺ׵ദˡ
Ҷԣ˸գǼ˺¡
䲻˽źۣȫżǻ鵽
ۺܶϽ͵۾ģ۾ĲԼҶӲԺ˾ġ
˷ȥҶ֡ҵ˧ӣ⡹
ԺرעҶǱ߼һͣԺ׾ͽյˡ
һͿԼĴһƬöǰߣֺͱ
Ժϲ̧ȥˣȥչЩѹӢˡ
ӾѾ֪ˣЩǸ׵ӡ
ֻЩӴǲܳɳֵһˣͨѹӢ
Ǽ˺ҲкܶЩӵճ
Ժ׿Ǽ˺·ԼƬֿ˿ڵչӵҶ
Ǽ˺ʲôûС
Ѹ׷ȥ
Ҷģ
Ժ룬ҶǰԱߣ˵Ӱӳ˵ϣԺ׳˿ûпҶϣӰȻˡ
ԺۣԿٵһ̣ŵǼ˺¡
ĸסͼƬ
Ժ׵˺ûж˹עⲢƬĴܶǼ˲Ժ׵Ǽ˺·Ƭ
ʱһƬĻ
ţ⻥˵ӰҲ̫˰ɣ
ԭҲô@ӣѧѧ
ҲΪжһء
ЩѵۣԺҵ˷ճĿ֣ԭ˷ô£ֲøϲճ
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ס
ԺæԣתͷҶţ
лҪ˵ɡҶ˵ţʮָڻš
Ժһ㶣תͷҶ˵ʹͷ飬ֻ˳ָڻţ͸¶ĲԺ׽ɫһ˿죬
ĸҲǹžġ
ŲԺ״Ӷͳһ΢͵ĻǻһСӲңԺ׽ӲҽҶ˵ǾҪҽ׵Ķ
򣿡ҶӹЩɻ󣺡ʲô
ԺԣùӲңԵĳһŹ⣬ʾװ
Ժ룬ĴŵƤĿ˵ǾоһС⣬͸׽Ƶġ
ֻ΢ƤĿǣҶ֪ô˽ƻζ
ҶǸװ밲װɻҪһʱ䡣
Ҷʣ𣿡
šԺҶķأʵ״Ҳ֪״̬ɣ
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Ժ̾˿ϸϸ˵ϣ϶ǼõģһͿͳ˯˺ܾãڶ˯Щܣ˵Ѿ಻һˣ׻Ҫ˯ߵġ
пվͻ򿪶ԣλλáԺ׵˵ţġ
Ҷͷ΢Ժ˵ûøԭ
ϾЩߣΨһ˺ǰѹӢҲֻоˡҲΪǰࡣ
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ĻŮ𡪡ССģʽעССˡi
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ȻֻһӰƾӰ׼ȷϳһСһġ
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ԺһҲǵһοССˡ΢е㾪ȡ
˾ܾ󣬾озģֻ֪һݣȫǸݾֵģ൱һСûֵľ͸ף൱ڰԼ͸ףͨݿڸ׵һС
֪ûм˿̼ŷССĲһʻһ
ľǸһԺϡͷȻЩУͷһ
Զڵ۹ĵ۾͸ܵͷһŶĻ棬Ļӿ
Ժײ֪һγһЩγӵʵ壬γдС
ԺʩСϵĴܸܵӵͷɲһõ£ǵӵ֮Ϊ
С˾ͬ۹ĵ۾һ˻ӿĶĴܵҶϥϡ
Ժ۳˳飬ܾϥϵС˸۾һ
ֻǸƴСˣȻŵ۾ϣƽﱻ۾ѹӰ
ԺײţȥСˣŻˡ
Сˣһģһ
Ǹ׵Ҳ
Ժ׿СԵŸ׵ӣһ
ҶСˣЦÿɰ
˵ţñǼ˲С˵
СɫͨҶССȴֻеĳһ鼡ǵҶ΢ЦСĶǸһֻСͶߣ˾棺ۣĿʵأ
Զڵ۹ĵ۾΢˫ֽգ죬ס΢й¶ͨ졣
Сһȫ˸ˣԼ
ثiָ΢߬ԼָڣС˱ҲץסҶָ⣬߬ˣָһ˿͸壬СԼϣԺ׺Ҷûע⡣
ͬʱģثiĶҲֳصĽ档
СһﶼܹĵֻΪ˹ʹֵøޱȣСһ﴿ĺЩ𣬵˻֮ͬģǶΪǺӵо
ľ뵽ߣһʵСдУСһȻҲܡ
ȻЩԺײ֪
ʾϣ۹۾ҲһżģСѹӢ
С˳ϣһӣ̵Ĵ۾ռ˴ͨQ
ثiоˣûӳСҶȻ⣬ΪСҲʵ壬ܸһдУҶ˲ӣҲͲ֪ߵ״СiǱߣֻҪ۾ܿǱߵģҪˣȫǱߵĻ
ſϿſͨСҶСҶΪйУ˿̵ı鶯С˺ܶ࣬ǡľһЩثi˼֮ࡣ
ͻȻСЦˣЦ¶ССļ˽۵Ĵϣ˿ƤثiתͷԣĻϾǱһģһŴҶ˿ŵثiڶԼЦ
һ뷨޾ͷ΢ָҪȥڹؼʱסˣ˴СһˣǱСһܸ֪ˡ
һ֪˵Ҫ˻ˡ
ƾС˵ģ߼̡
ţثiǱߵĻ
ͬ˸طͣŲںУ˿ǶݵСˡ
ثiӦĸоϢȫСһϢޱȰģҪֱסСһָڣǰȴͻȻһСһڴˡ
ثi˴ڿڴϿСһСһĿȴ˲Ժϣ߫iҺϲлл
Ժԣ˵ͷá
˵ţվ˵Ҳûȥˡ
ҶվЩ᣺ʲôʱס

СһòԺװ۹
ثiֻ¶ֻͷСһͲԺס
Ժ˵˵
˶٣һ˵ʵǸͬҲһ
ǰͿˡ
Ժ׿ҶãȻֻ̬˵ȥЩˣٴοһû˵ȥˣֻҶ˹תˡ
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ÿθҶõĶǾϹ񣬲ƽܺĻӻ֡
Ҷ۶ٴζЩϰߣĿ˲ԺףҶͳСߡ
Сثiֵģ˴СһҶڲݴԼſӣ̵۾գգţ̱ʯһثiʲô
ثiһСˣԷŴСһһص۹һֻèһſСˣĵ׼¶ޱȡ
ͻȻоͷһ£ثiͷСˣСΪ˵ϣЩ׾Щֶ̽ŵģʹһ㶼

ѵţȴЦתһСһЦ˵ϣɫڵϹ˲м
̫ɰˣԲġ
˵ţҶһثiСӡ
֪ǲΪСԵʣثiĶӹһȦҶǶС㿨ͨثiССղģָмá
뵽ղŵָУҶûס£˲ݴСӻĹš
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ڵ󻹲񫣬ɴȥԶڵ۹ثiͨ죬ֻܷڰĴϢ
˿״̬޷ֱСһ뿪ӣ˿̿ЦĻľһСҶīɫͫᡣ
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Ժ׻ص۹׼۾ľǵ۾һģ
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ثiĿⰵĿŲԺףòԺ׷ԵľԼ˵˻Ȼס죬ʼ˵Ѿ͸ˡҡ
Ҷ֪ˡû˵꣬۾ʹԺһתͷһǣſ˹ȥСĸף
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ҶĸףǰȻżֵĺܵСôĴЦһŵģǵһμò˵ĺÿɫĳӣΪ˶ҲΪЦȾЩѪɫ͸ļÿĲˣǴ̵ЦԵģѩһĽëһһģɫĺ
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û𡭡
Ժʿˮͼתƻ⣺ԭǳװˣҲСѽ
˵ţȥ˲䱻ץסˡ
Ժ׳ʹثiߣĲƱȸղŸˡ
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Ժ׼ѵĴӵ۾ثi󣬵˼ҲҲ
ثiջ֣˳һļС˵ǰ棬赲˲Ժ׹עߡ
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ثi˵ЩҶ֪Ҳ֪۹ȥס
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ۣϽˣ۾Զ𣿡
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Щ˴󲿷ǿֵģҶЩܽһһһѹӢѹӢͬǺ¡
ثiݹọ̈̄Ȼ֪СһΪʲôСˣ룬ϡ
ȻСһﲻҥҲϸɴɣ
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ʮӺֱҶĽ˵УһͨżһСռֱCλѹӢѿɴ
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ثiһĻƮȥСˤ˵ϡ
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СʱʱΪС˲̫ĶЦСˡǵ۾±С˶ԴԾûаŭСƳ˿磿
ֱʱֳĻüٵģƺѾûԥıҪˣѾǻˡ
ţԥֱӸƽܷϢģ㲻ٹϵЩˡ
ݰģثiʹͨ˲Ժ׵ĵ绰һЩ飬ȻӵСˣҶڴͣ˳ֱۣļϣա
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ڿôѽҶ˵ţٴδԣѾֱˣԭΪһԣȴĿ϶ݺƽܵĵ绰ȻûС
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ݷϢ΢˹˵ֻСʱ仹ǲҪţֱʱˣС޺貮ǾͲҪˣʱ仹һڣ۹ʱЩ·
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Ҷǣݶѧӣˣҵݵĵ绰ȥǼղȵ㻹ȫƬۣһӷһ˵۹
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ثiԼʹϴִСһԭˡ


86 
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޴ĻϲΪһȴ
ʵҺ˵ û˺ӣҾͲ㡣
޴ĻϲΪһȴ ثiͻһɴ⡣
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ŸԼĺӼƽϣ ثiĬĬĺԼ
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СһʣŻ㱣 ͸Сʲôˡ
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֪ԪȻǶԵ۹иˣǵĹҲǺǿֻҪ۹ںܺܶ࣬ڵ۾ثiֻҪԵ۹Ƕܷӣ˵Ļûֿ𣿡
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