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1 
ǰǰͺһأӲݲһƬľʣȴȥƤ¶΢Ƶɣֻиߴһһ˿⣬ûƤ֪ǻõġ
ԭʼɭ֡ǱǹƤԭʼɭ֡
Ҷ۸Լһơ
ţԤĻҪҲۡ
Ҷĵ죬糿ȶѾҶ۵ıĿֻҪܴⳡξصС
ʧˡ
ǰķ羰û˿仯
Ҷܶ裬տʼΪԼˣ϶Ǿ⣬˻þ
пľֻһֿܡץʵˡ
ΪˣĳҲԭⲻİ˹
׵ǣлеˮ磬ܽܺͷϢ޷κϵ
ѾʱմԽԽ͵ˣֻ˵
ȷԼҲѡ֮Ҷۻص˳ڡ
֮֮ҶѾֿѡƽˡ
Ƶ޶
ʳڣù
ֹһƿ̺Ҷƽ˳ſϷϷ棬Ҳܳ硣
Ҷ۾Լһ˴ţʱ䳤Թܻܿ½Ҳ⡣
³ﻹ˸壬Ҳɭ
ǸˣɭǸ
Ҷ۾Լ˵ĸӦò󣬵ֲ˵ǾȡмֵܲץҰҰèʲôģԼһڷԣԼ˵˵Ҳǹƽףݡ
⼸Ҷ۱˵ˣʺû
֪ʺĵطʲôˡ
Ҷֽһ˳Уһȸǽ
˵ЩʳƷģһЩĸǷҶ۳Եʱ룬Щֱõ
˷㣬ζû
ӪһУ϶Բˡ
Ҷ۰ʰãһֱܷ˷ڳкĴͰȻ֪úʱڿˣȻĻЩһ궼һܽꡣ
벻취֮ǰȾôŰɡ
ҶۻŲ񵶺ͱڸΣȻڴ֮ǰȫửͼҲֻӲͷƤˣΪ˲·ÿһ·ҪϿһǡ
Ҷۺܿ췢һӣڸɺԵֻʣ¶ĺӴӴϻܿʬ塣
׹ǱɳǣֻۣڷһͷǵĿݹʱҶѸƿĿ⡣
ƬﱻƤòˡ
ûƤСҲˣֻʣһЩԭ֦ҶïĲӹһ١
ûƤϵŻάһ⡣
˿ص谵ȥҶ£ӱóһƿˮ׼ԺظϣȻ֪ûлˣ֪Լʱǰȫġ
ûдҰޡС͵ҲûС
Ϊɭ⵽ƻϢҲǨĲˡ
ڸõ·˳Ӻ򼣬ҲɽҵҰľ
Щ֤ﲻû
쳹׺ʱҶۻֵͲ˳Լһ·ıߡ
ҪߵſڵʱҶͻȻͣ˽Ų
Ӱڳǰ
˵ľϲҶ۴ʱǾ衣
СسԼڸɿݵĹľԺΪ˲֣ºԼһš
Ҷ۵ܺãôԶľ룬Ҳܿ˵š
õ鲼·ѾƵÿԭģͷҪƤǻܴżƲҵͷסǵվɳʯĵϡ
֧ţѶԷԼĹȡ
ҶǵĽڳһǵ
ɳƣ˷ֲŮ١
ֹ۲˰СʱҶȷ޺Ķֺվȥ

ݶԼˣ˵򲻳˾Ϳˡ
ָʮֻΡ
ͼ˻ţʩ̯Ӿ˹ȥžﴳûףسǵĹүǽʱүһͱġ
ܵΪɱˡ
ٺСñˡ
ñˣһûѿǵӡ
Ҳ֪Ķߣǲϵ·û͸ˡ
˵ɭֵʱ򣬲ݶҲûֹǸһɭߡ
ܹҪģҸĵطҲӦġ
ҲˣǾһɡ
Ƕ˾ͰƤ˾ͽݸѾ֪ʲôζˣΪ̫Զ
Ŀĵسǰߣ۵߲ʱ򣬾ͿԱˡ
쵹µʱȴͻȻһɾ޴쳤ӳǰ̽ȥ˻ߵغݶǰͷ˼ңӣ
ݶĺһǰȥ

ȥ
ȻͺһǰⶰӸǰ
ݶ֪ôǰӣôôȼүӶ󣬵ûпߣҲûпשͿһʯȻһ壬Ҳһνӵĵط
ϻпңݶϵ֡
ﶼֻ֣е֣ҲֻϵԼ֡
ǲϵţӰõҹľԭϲҲ˸ľ
ǲ£ƺһ£ǾҪˡ
ҶݶҲС૵ؼȥؼȥ
ݶǵüͷпŴǼҾǿŴͷŵҵүǸˣֻɵ⣬Ȼˡ
ܴŵܵȥүţ
ûڼСá
ܵ˵뵽ȥȥѧգľڵ˶δߵض˵ȰԺˣҸױ
ܵܳ˵ȥҹȥСˣһʳ
ûܻ
ĵܱܵһʯͷԴյֱָ϶б
һѰֵܵܵһ
ؼȥݶ߶ţظţؼȥ
ûʹ࣬ûмûûзѪ
ڼĳ㣬ʵϸɵĸĸãȥϸɻױĵܵܣг̵á
ʱǶãõӰ
ݶԼŲסˣˡ
ڴʱһǿͻȻӱ
ݶƬʧֱ̧סԼ۾˺һŷֱۡ
ŤŲӣһֿŤƿǸˡ
ԷͶ޴ĹòҲ٣ֻӰӰ´µؿΡ
Ǹˣܸߡ
ڵ֣צĿ֦
Ķ
ݶãĿĿ޽
ľĿ߹ȥﺰ
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ͷ
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Ҷ۱ǰ˵ӾˣԼļǱؤҲӰӾӻĵ񣬵ǱϾִ˰ݵģֻױ¹
ӰӾȻã²壬Ҳݳһѹͷ
ǰ̧ͷʱǵסˡ
ݵ˫պۿͷϵƤôôˡ
ǿֲƬĻ˻ľ
ûҶ۴㤵̹£һҪԼľ̬ȸͷ
Ҷŵæ߹ȥ
ǻˡ
ǰ
ͣ£Ҷʶ
ͷͣ¡
ǹڵϣ̧ͷ˫ΪݶĿŵ۾գҲգĿ
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Ҷ˿ĭѹסĵľ㤺Щ΢־壬ǰ
ǲ
ҶŬһƽ׽˵΢ЦⱲʣҪҪԵ㶫ȥ
ⱲӾûô
Լ
ܺõİ˹ڵϵˡ
ҶۿǸ촽һһϣѵؼһ䣺ˡˡ
ûܰѻ˵˵һͷһᣬֱص˵ϡ
Ҷۣ
ˡ
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2 
ԵıϢڣҶƴĸŮһο˳ԷʱԳҰ޵ӣҲǰ˴֪ǡ
ֻòķֲŮ
ѾݵʧȥŮ
һλûոֻǿϲ֮˹ȥŵζ˹
ҶҲû׼ʱ⣬ȳԷ
ĸŮûӣֱץһ׶ŹԵʣһ˸һɶ
ǳԷֻݡ
ҶԼǵþö˲һ̫ҲܳԻȣֻǴʳࡣ
רѡ˵ġ
Ҷ۵ϸûижĸŮ֪
ʵԼжˡ
ĸŮǶǵĶƤһֱǱģǶӱˣҲᱥ
õļǲκһʳֻҪܳԣǾͻ᲻ϵĳȥ
ǻڼʱ򶼳ԲϰףȻǼŵӣӺ˰ʣµĴײǼҳһֻ꣬ܰѵˣ˵ʳ
꾰õʱҲԿӡ
Ҳżµģѵһܣȥϻκߡ
ݶмûгԹףû˸٣ֻԼԵ̫죬ûζͳˡ
ˣݶһ
ͣδ
ҿ̧ͷ˵
Ӭɡˣԡˡ
ҶۣǶ̫ãһ̫ƶӡ
ݶ˵ľǶԵģ
˵ٳԾҪƶ϶ͻƶӣ
ˣҸͷˣݶһֳӣһŲӾ׼ٴθҶ۹£ǸˣⱲûȵˣ¹ͷ벻¿ˡ
ǹʱɽݹ𣬵ﶼ˵ͷ˲Žгģű
ȻĲǷˣֻҪҲͷƣǱг˰ɣ
ݶҲԼûͷŵһɷףæƿҲҪϹ
Ҷۼֿ죬һּסһҪȥͷǲҪ١
еطȥ𣿡Ҷʵ
ƿĸŮעǱҶۼţŤĶԿһۡ
ݶգգ۾һᣬˣ񻮿ϵǲƤѪΨᣬҧͷ
ˣˣǸţʲôܸɣݶֿ־˵ǰɣˣʲôУʲôУ
ҪҶۼڿ϶ְͷˡ
Ҷ۵Ҳǵôߣҳˣò׿ϣ²֡
οҶҲȷʵҪǡ
Ҫ˽磬Ҫ·ˡ
޸֮Ҳûа㲻ݵĶʲô˼Ҷ۶ܶԸܱһ׳ǿԷҪ˼һù
ϾҶûѧɢҲûѧȭܲ򶼲ߡ
ܵľ鶼ûУСƷѧŵĺѧ
ҲΪ˧
ҲСҶ˳Ҫ󣬡ͷ꣬ԡϵëꡣ
ЩΣϾԷŮˣǿаŬѹθУԴǵ˵ҳͷ࣬ԵҲ࣬ϵҪǴȥ˾ˡ
·ҲûˣҴȥáҶۣϴʱͷʲôĶˣٻ·
˵Ҷ۾ͳš
ʵڲ֪˵ʲôҪ⣬ҲõϢˡ
Ȼƾڵ仯Ҳûʲôá
ҶȥкͰԱߣˮܸԼϴ裬Ϊ˷ֹԼ·ˣͷҲϴһ飬Ҳ֪ûãӦûϴˮõ㣿
ΪԷһͷԡñ˸ʵʵ
׼ĸŮźԺɱˮٸԼϴһͷ
ԼԺҶ۾ʹӺŽ˳ڲȥŮװʵҲǳͶ䣬˶룬ȥס
굶Ҳѡ
һ顣
ǵͷѾݻƵһͶϣϴˮûбҪá
Ϣиԡ䣬ϾǶʮСʱУװ޵ʱרŸװ޶Ӵкԡ䲻Ҫ걸ܳˮϴС
Ҷæµʱ򣬴ϢҵĸŮһҲ
ոպȵǲϢһж棬޲ðժݶϣýһд
ǵƿݶη˵
ݶͷС²⣺ǿ϶ǰĵƣõ͵ƿûû𣬿϶ɵƣ˵׼ɹ
ݶץסŮ֣۸˵ţ۵£
ݶݺݵͷһֱɻɵС
Ҫҵͺˣ͵ܾܵͲòᱻСҲᱻӡ
ʱҲˣ˺ãȥʲôܹʳģӦò
ɲݶߣҪҲˣĻȥˡ
û˻һӵĸˡ
áݶʵѾҲûԹء
ݶĬŵͷǰ£ԼļӣҪǲݶһֱѰɽͷԼײˡ
ſడùͷˡ
һ죬ĸṴ̊
Ҷʣܽ𣿡
ݶæ˵˿
Ҷ۽Ϣǰȫװԡñ˼һ£ڻƤΨʭӳ룬ĸŮ·ԡҲֱܷİװװš
ȥˮϴ˾Ͱ·ȥ滻ҶۣҲῴǡ
ӻĵ·ĸŮʲôûɬӡ
ֻ㷲ˡõѣǲ䡭
Ҷߵԡ䣬˻һߵˮһ˵·˴ģĶʲô䲻䣿
оˮ²ˣҶ۲˵ȥϴɣϴ˳ȥ·˽һȥ˯ĵط
ݶһˣ˯ſھУ
Ҷۻ˻֣УҰš
ȥ˳ϢңҶۻðɱһ飬ҶûʲôΨʭӲС
Ҷ۸ϴôˮ˳ȥ򿪳еֱϢҡ
ϢҾſڣԱϢڵڣҶۻԼϢҡ
Ҷ۴һȦûʲôҪӻ߶ġ
µ껹ûҵԱϢһ̵ĴиС¹ӣҶڿǰҲû⣬ֻǾԼԱһ㣬˵ԱҲԳиĵ㣿
ĶˣҪǶԷģǰ˿ҲΡ
û뵽Ϣڵ˴ó
ϾȻмԡ䣬ȴûдĸŮҳˣҲ˯ذ塣
ڣĸŮԡǰŻˮ
Ǵ㶵ؿţ˶˵
ˮֶΣֻɼֶΣ
Ӵˣֻ˲Ūˮ
ĸŮſ˺һһȥϴϴúװ·ԡĴӳȥڳſڵĵ»·
ȣɺ꣬䴵ķ綼ůġ
զô̡ݶһ䣬ûѣµȺڲ棬Ҳ¶첲¶ȡ
ݶ۾ۣװһʶģǶ已̥ͷһƤ£ɶ
ݶϣĿ˸˸ճյ˵
ݶҲȻͶˡ
Ҷ۸Ǵ𣿡
ǲż͵ش·
ȷǴ·ԺҶ۲Ŵ򿪳дţ׼ȥϢҡ
ĸṲ̊дŵһ̣һʾͻȻڳ
ĸŮһæһ
ƹϣɾͷŹ⡣
ҶҲЩĪû԰Ҿ㿪˵ԣҲûиڵĹ㲥һ
ûʱȥҶۻȰĸŮϢҡ
ƵĿҪ˯˾Ҷʾһ£ٸ׻ϴ·ǽúϢˡ
˵Ĺ뿪׼ȻԼϢҿԡ
ڱңʾʲôȥɱɡ


3 
Ͼϰ壬Ҷװ޵ʱûίԼ˵Ϣңʵİ칫ңֻƽİ칫һӱϳ룬һǰ칫һϢ
칫ΣϢ΢¯ɳ͵˴бȱ΢Ƶԡ䡣
ҶǰԭϵĵͻȻˡ
΢ƶһ꣬ĻԶ
ɫҳмǳɫ֡ʮ䣺
йԱ2/10
б0/8
ӯ0
л֣0
·һź֣Ȼָ䣬Ǵɫ
뾡ֿҵ
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һӪҵɶһһ֣һٻֿɽеλԾ
̨Զһҡ
Ҷ۳Ĭ˼룬ŵ˵ʺôҵҹԱô2ˣ˼ҴӦͰˣ
Ȼ˹ܣҶ˵ʲôԻ̨ԡ
һûС
ҶʲʲôֻԼ۶ĻǺкںǵײС֣һٻ־ܽеλԾ
ζܻȥصԼԭȥ
Ҷ۳һǸϢһ·ܱȵͷӬײá
ĸŮᱻɹԱӦΪǰŽԱϢҡ
ؼⲻڹԱϣڱϡ
ԱУû̫вɱȻУٵģǾͰûС
һУ᲻ģ
ʱ˵ˣҶ۴á
ҶƿվԼϢҲ벻ʲôȥɱһ߸ɻһ˼
ѱҴԺҶܵкţԡñ¶ˣɱˮϡ͹ϴһͷȻ֪ûã᲻ͷ˲١
ʭСȾٶȿ죬ܵҲ졣
ҶСʱϼסϼҵļֵܽõһعȻؼҲһٰ峴⣬Ⱦʭӣֵ֪ܽϵģģҶ˼Ӱ
ߺ֩붼£ʭӡ
ٴλصУҶ˰취
ǵеģһӶҪǮؼҡ
Ҫ˻ñ֤ԼİȫǾֻһ취ȽϿסװŪ
ڳת˺üȦħ߶յ˰칫ҵĹ
⻹ĸŮˡС
ηģη塣
η岻ǻ£˲Ųᱳ
ҲܵҧгݵĶˡ
Ҷ˿УͲܰԼϰ壬øԱ̸ùʺ͹ƶȾС
ҪԼִǵĹߡ
ٶҲûʲôãö˲ǶĸŮ
ˣвһֻйִĶҿˣ
ϣҶۿ컨壬ֱҹ˯ȥ

ݶ˯ú㣬û˯ôĴڼʱǾ˯ڵϣ̲ݵ˯һҼ˼һݵÿ컹ҪóȥĴ򣬷ͻӡ
ҹҲOO@@ʳԵ
ǵԼҧͺָףҧһ⣬ҪǰʹˣǸָûˡ
ûķСӣ紵ܲţͷö࣬˯Ҫһ㱡Ų䡣
ⱻӸɸɾᡣ
ݶ۾Сﶼû˯úðɣ
ݶŮȻŴûзֿ˯
Ůĺ󱳣ŮСʱһͲˣ˵ǵĴǽӴġ
ǵʵۼҵӦþ˦ԴС
ݶԼһţͷĻС˵ӴĴû˯Ĵá
ݶŮĹͷ˯ɡ
ݶʵ˯Ҳ˯һΡ
̫ˣֺˮ˷˵û죬Ժ˯˹ȥ
ݶ￴Ů˯ˣԼҲ˯ȥ
ϧûмҲûС
ܰ
ݶʱûۣÿ峿ȥ̽ӣǻţֻҪţɿ
ݶԺţߣ˵ҵˮԴأ
ҪҲҲˣ˵˸ǽˣҲע
ݶݶץסŮ֣̽ڵƺ͸һΣ˷ܵ⣬͸ȵģ޵ڴ˿̶ᡣ
ݶѣɴ۾ѩ׵ݶӳԲεĵƻǶǽС
ݶȥԼͷģ
ΣΣ
ݶƴͷΣ
ͷʹޡɺʱվſڵҶ۲֪Լòš
ſվһǾȿ޹˵ɡ
ڿ޺ʧҶ۲ɤӣ˷š
緹ҶۻСʱŰ֪ڳ
ʵҲûڳʲô
ԽģԽġ
ֻ֪Ǵûˣ֪ʵ˭Ҳ֪ʺ˭
ʵ۾ǻʵүǵү
Ҷ۾ԼһҲɡү
֪Լĸޣĸĸء
ֻǵüӣӺɽ
Щˮáݶͷ˵ʱ򣬵ҵľ˵Ҫ
ʱţٺҲĶȥкҪǺûˮˣǾȥɽϵ
ģ־ˣûģûˣǵȥ
ǿүˣʰ˶·˵ȥϱߣϱˮãȱء
ѵ˶ˣĶˣ˵ҲˣûǽĴӱȺ˵ˣгǽӺͳǲǽȥ
·϶Ƕˡ
ɳƣ˵ȥˡ
ݶ˵⸽˲٣߲жͷǲҽд棡
Ҷۣ
ҾûΪ֪ѾǹƤ·ϣ·ʱܲҪԵġ
ݶС͵Ҷֻۣһ۱ٵͷ
ûˣû飬Ը֪Ĵʻȥ
˫ҹĻӣ˱ŲۣҪ˫ȥ
üĴ¶ֱָһ
ˡ
ݶԼ֡
ִֶ֣ƤɺԵأۿһ˲Ȼ˫ֱ
Ȼ뵽Լͷ
ܲأͷȴܲء
ɪţ֮δԼ
Ҷ۲֪ݶʲôûע
˼˵ҪһЩˣܸܲһˣ
Լ̫óȥʵ룬˼ݵøò࣬Ƥѣǿ׳Ƥִʵףһȣֱ׵÷⡣
ôû˹עˡ
ڿһȥͻᱻ
ȻУһ˫ȭѵ֡
֪֪֮ԼǸӲĳˡ
˵һоֱӹ׳ȥˡ
ݶ˵˾ܷԸ
˽۸ʲôǾ͸ʲô
Ҷ۾ϸϸĸԼҪ󣺡Ҫ˸ˣݵûϵҲҲ׳ģصмпڣҼ˲ܶ࣬ⲻܳ
мڣй˼ɡ
ӻ·ϻû˵ˣӦûĵģҲС
ǻҪȵɱԽ
ҶھԼһһıա
ǵûŻؼҹӵģ
ǮûĸҲûТ˳ɲ


4 
ղݶĸŮҶλӦþֱԵĽų̡
ûпɹߵ·ȫǰҰ޲̤ǰﻹҰҰ֮ĶʱǷ׷׽֣ûԺͲٽ
ϾƤǹˣѾ޷ٸṩκζ
Ҽߣ˵ܴܲҰҵǸ⡣
ǵҲ޷֧Ǽȥ
Ȼֽķʽ̬˾޴ĴҲṩһô²֣ҲҰ޵Σա
ҲҶṩһ㱣
ûвݶĸŮ·Ҷ۶֪ĸ뿪֡
Ȼָ룬Ҳ֪ڵǶһߡ
ָþֻһԭشתȦ
Ҷȥֻİ취һ·ߵףʵû·۷ߣΣգҷǳʱ
ô룬еˣҪʼ͵¡
Ȼɽﻹ㰲ȫɽֻиص㣬Ǿ˼
ʱ򻹽ɽģҪôݶĸŮһҸطҪôǱֻ׼ΧҳԵģ·ˡ
ʱ䣬ݶĸŮһЩСһߵ˾һ궼£ĸץأһˮһ⣬Ǿͻٴλ
Ҷ̾磬ʮǡ
ΪִˣִҵĺôǸʲôϵ
ûһ˿ûװһֻ̨ãִˣȱΰǴĺô
ҲеԽУӻĴһԱ˵ĵһ
ݶĸŮڳдҲģܾǲʱ䳤˿϶ᱻߣ뾡취ÿ춼ҪϵزӣôһУǻÿϸϸĴɨһ顣
ڶûּ࣬ɨ
ҶҲסҾҲãйУᶫ롣
ϡϰѿáݶԴӽ˳Уһ˫۾ûʲô棬Ҫ̾ͷһͶŵذש
үֶΣЩʲôݶʶ㡱˵˵ĹҲģָŵ˵ɵƣȼûû̡
ݶС˵ǵСģүĿͨʲô֪ǵĳϣ
ݶڲҶ۵ˣʯ񣬵óηĹ
·Ҷۣ
Ȼˡү
үֱ׵Ҷ⽹ۡ
װûǽˡ
ýûԡݶ˿ڿˮ
ڳԵĲǰǴ׷Ǵͷһ㶼ƣϷǲķۻס
ҲУҪүǳ̫⣬ݶһٳԴ⡣
ٶٶлȣˮ
СЩݶүͲˡ
ݶæͷԺȺĻˣҲ˲١
ڲԵñˮȣ׻ϴ·Լϴ
ͷϴ·ʱҶ۸ʾ
ڵõϴ»ҲʲôƷ߿Ƽôťϴ˦ɺͺɣϴëЩСģϴ·ҲС
ͷĶģ˴һʲôܸɳɣݶƶ
ϴ·ɲǼʡ򴸻꣬СĻãһʱϴɾ֮ҪšɣǼ·࣬ϴ·ȥ
ڿɺãϴʲôڣ·һӣóšɵģҵϣ͸ˡ
˵øǵ·ϸϴҲѹ򣬿ǹ򣬻װļٲ顣
Ϊ·Լ㣬ܿڸүɻƬ̶󲻵á
Ҫү˵ͷ˾ͲһٲݶЩź
Լøɻιȥ˿ˣ֪ĳġ
ݶͷҲôġ
˲ҪǿͷҲҪǹ˵ҲûʲôܹǴɵͷûаȫС
ǶũˣⱲû֯֯ļͥǵС֮ңܵͭõģʱͭ廹ֵǮ
߻ܲò·ߣǾǺˡ
ǵ˼ҲʵʵүҪǽ˰үӣүҲӦǶɻŷСүӡ
ʵүҪǽ˰ûж꾰ñЩ꾰ЩܺûµʳǸ
ҺǼ˿ڲ࣬Ҫٶͷ˰Բ
үȻӣżĻ˵Щǵ˰˳⣬ҵصĵүӣҲԲӣծԽԽ࣬һ˼㲻ǵүļūҲˡ
ɷֻҪǲŵġ
ЩũũŮ㣬ǿɶҪǮġ
ɷɲˡ
Ը˻ҪԸɼɷͷҲҪ˼Ǯƴ㡣
ڲݶĸŮ˵ʱҶʰҪǰɭֱԵˣר˸󱳰װϸʳƷռõĿռ̫࣬ĻѹɺͻȳЩֲռطġ
ΪҪ¶Ұ⣬ҪΪ˽ʡռ䣬ǳЯһ
Ϧ˷һѿ
ûеʣֻò߶ʱ˵Լ
峿̫ûҶ۾ʹŲݶĸŮˡ
ԭһУҶ۵ٳпţŵǸûõŻͲˡ
Ψһ̵ľֻʣС
ûõ
ֻ֪֮֫ڳθһִֻôֱܷҰ˾࣬ԸĢ͵ƨ
Сʻ괬
ҲŸ·ٶߣΪ˰ȫǲ·ģȻûҰޣݶĸŮв̶ͬȵҹä֢·пӣж£ˤȥҲҪˤϸ첲ȡ
ҶûֵͲʱһ£Ҫ·˿ֵͲǾͲ̫ˡ
ԷǻˣǾǸԼ»
ǾȥĵģûǮȥġ
ô죬Ҷڿĵ·
Ȼֻͨ·ҶȴȻһԼԭʼعо
Ҳ˲ĸо
ûóȻԶԸߵɽ¿ȥ·вڵǾ·߻ɻż쳤ӿ·Զϣй·Ҫһʳ
ǵ״̬ûбȲݶĸŮö١
һͻ
ɥʬƬпֲǻˣѾʬ㽩Ӳʬ忴ŻҪɲ
һСĵ㡣Ҷ۰ѰСó˲ݶĸŮһһѡ
ݶСС˷ܵķ졣
Щ£²˷ܣȥ£
˲а˵䲻ˣУͬû
Է˴ģܣҪӲţܲ˰εҶһῴǣҸϵҪʱ䣬ǵС¡
ݶﷴţˣǰҲǸЩ˻һֲǸ̫̫˼ҵӣ˭ǰ
Ƕżٷٷ·ר
Ⱥû⡣
Щٷɶ淢ִҲˣǰǳھӶ࣬ڹڴٷҲˣҶ۲ڽʱһû뵽ó
ȷαװҶ۲Ŷǵͷ
ݶĸŮٶȻΡΡ˳ȥ

ݶĸŮճȥʱתͷһۣľתͷ
Ϊ˽ʡۼ£Ҳʬû
ֻΪ˻ŶţչδҲûаϣֻ֮ܰ죬Ķÿǵ¡
ݶĸŮûжĿԷɢǼԼҲһԱΪүԸǼƣ¾ȵò࣬书Ҳ
û·أ
ݶҲû߶ҿ˸ƸЩĵطţҲװµģ
Ҳڹ·ʱȥſĹͷסȲߣ˵ʵҲŮ˺ǼȿֹＷ
ӣвں˵ġ
õĹ׳ͣΪһ
õĹڸС
ΣΣ
϶ҧǰƽȣݸߵȫȭͷΨһ
ݶĸŮܿ쿴ˣǺ׾ܿЩʵЩʵĻ۽ӻ·ġ
һϼҴڵ˶̫ųһ˵ģȻڿǼ˳˻ЩǴСѾͷǾǶá
Ͼӻ·СѾͷȱģȻˣȻСкŮˡ
׼Ժ󣬲ݶĸŮͿʼжˡ
ȥȺۼԶĿ꣬Щ˶˾һЯϴףȻһ˶һϢп
ݶĸŮŽͷǴ˻
ҲضȰֻҪ˵˸߾ܳԷǾͲܾܾ
Ͼƭǣƭʲôأ
һѹͷɱ˶Բϼ⣬Ѿʧȥ˼
ʱǰпµ˱һ̾ҪҲȥ
Ҷ۾ԶֱѾʼᣬҲһֱûз¡
ϾһݶĸŮΣգΪԣǱȻҪȥǵġ
пзʱӦò̫⡣
ȻܰȫĴ߲á
ȻҶǸߣʱҲò죬ϣ˳˳ˣҪʲô۶ӣ򡭡
±ӻǲ


5 
յգƺյһƬҰףԾɸܲһ˿ˬǰһѻȼգŤ
ֵڱһץɢɳ
ҿɣ촽ڿѣĽһɲݣ˫ľĿԶ
Ů˱Űĺԣһﲻľͷˡ
Ϊ˽ʡѾû˵ˡ
ô˵ˡ
ݶߵԣһ˵۾Ӳת
ӶֻǸ˶С˵
ԭĿ͵ҺȻʢŵſ죬촽ź϶ֻܷһɳƵġ
Ϊ˽ʡʱû˵Ȼ죬Ȼ˻ô˵
ݶٴСǿƻ裬ҽ֡
ڿҵͷ󣬲ݶ㵽󣬵һ̲ɵһˡ
ĸŮͷжûʲô࣬Ҳûóκʳֻǿտڰ׻ЩҲܲš
һֱҶڿݶĸŮֹͣжһȺƻ赽ʱ˿
Լȥ࿴һۣͬľͻѸռߵأҪٿۣǾҪѹȥˡ
ʱûÿÿ붼Ǳ
Ҷ˰ƿˮɿʵòУ촽ҲɵÿҪˡ
ȱˮٳԵܻڣʵڲǿ־ݵġ
ɫ𽥰ƺ˼ȣǼȽʵڲԣִķ綼ȵġ
ԽƺԽȡ
ģ˻λƵس
ûи
ݶͲݶǰ·ҶڽĿЩҪڳйԱ
ҲҶۡ
ҶһŬװ˵ĸģûж˵ֻǳݶ΢΢ͷȻתȥ
һȺ޴룬Ƶؿݶ
ɳƣ˵־ҪͣЪһЪˡǲǡûҵȣ
ݶӻûǸߣǾǿˣ
ݶһۣ˰ĸ첲תͷ˵˴ȱҲӣôҪ˶꺮ůУ
һҡͷ
Ⱥ˹а˸ˣˣĸŮˣʮµĺӣһӤ
ǻţѵǰߡ
ȻѾҹζҪһ·Ϣ
ȫڵһͣԭأƻʱǾѾô壬ȫŻǰߣȫʧԵ˶
ڴʱԶȻһ׹⡣
һò˥硣
˷˶ݵļݶֶ̺Σ֣
ηĿǰ
ǹⲢǻ⣬һƬյļ硣
ǿֵͲɲֵͨȵģҶҲͷһã򿪵ʱҲһҪջǺڵģû
ǰ濪·ݶĸŮǾں滺š
СʱҶ۲ͣ½Ų
תǰеĲݶ֡
Ҷ۾òݶʹ󣬼ʶҲһЩȲݶ¿ס
ݶɫܹȥ
үԸݶͷȻݣ˵־
ҶС˵ϢɣѶָǣһֻܷһƿˮһɡ
ݶӹʡá
Ҷ۵ͷ߹ȥ
ȥ·Ҷ۶׼ԶȺ
άסԼ趨
ݶصȺУתͷԸݶȥЩʯͷһݣðԱߵĲˡ
ݶӦһ
ϰĻǰڵʱ򣬼СҲġ
ˣҪĻ
ݶúͰѿȪˮӱó˸ҵˣ׼ô֡
ˮƿǾĿ͸ƿмвһȦɫġֽ
ǳõĲֽҲǵүõֹֽ⻬ֽ
ⲻ˼еֽ
ݶӴ͵ùƿˮ˵ŤƿǺֵ˻ȥûˮôġ
˺ѹɵİװⶫӣһһƬ͹ˡ
ҽӹݶݸһƬɣƺøɣȥʲôζûԳ
ʳĸо̫ˡ
ұ۾ʳһ̣۾ڳˮˮ̫٣۾Ҳû
Ů˰ѱҧһ飬ϸϸ׽ι˻ĺӡ
ӵõ˰һЩ˯˹ȥ
ΧŻѣǻˣԾ˺ͺǺܿ˯ˣһʳ㹻οǵ;ƣ˯ȥ
˺Ůû˯
ҹɡҳһɣȻֻ飬ԼѾЩˡ
һ˿һϧغһˮ˵˾
Ǻܿҹ˳
ǻû˯ǲĿԶ
ԶҲȼһССĻѡ
Ҫ˼֪ڻѱߵġˡˡ
ݶҲһŻѣڿԶĻѺС˵үдͨʲô֪Ǳ𲻸˼ҿΪǺá
ݶҲ͵ʲô֪
Դһվö˾ͽȥԷΪ֪
ݶûֹ˵˷ܵ˵үʲôܱһܰѾʯӣһ㣬һɵơ
ǶûܹκνäŲݶ˵۾ҲԽԽ
ŮСʣҪȥ𣿡
ĸ˲ഺפϲأ
ݶɫһ䣬ޡһҲ䣿
ŮһԼҲֱݶȻûҲֻҵͷѡ
ݶЦʲôԼ̫
˾һ˴ȱУʵүûɣֵõǣ
Ҹǣ˭ҪǸ£ңǾͶù
˵Ҳңҵġ
ݶһ˵
Ȼ֪˴ȱԸˣҲƶһûƢɡ
С˵ɾ
ֿ̧ɾȲɱ
ʱ򣬻ˣûɽũ
Ҳˮ̰ݻӡ
ݶΪүɡ
ֺֻҲҵ
ȻҲ±˵ǰЩ˶ǸһˣЩ˵ˣȻǻǣġ
ڻԵҶڳԷԼԵҲѹɡ
ڵѹĺܺãиֿζûǰôɡ
ֳ֪ˡ
Ҷۺһˮ
ôˣԱ˯µģֻȥֿ˯ˡ
ڲֿҲûл㹻ô˯ͷʣºܴĿռ䡣
ҲֿҲյʹơ
Ҷۿϣ̧ͷҹգûйҵȾҲûƶڵҹȺ貣ҶһҲûá
ʱ򣬳ӦֵӪҵС
ʹԱЦķ˿ͣһһΪǮĽ
Ѿ˼ĳУǷôһʴûҵͱŪ
ﻹ뷽跨װŪ֮һ鷳Ҫ
Ҳ֪ڸʲôԼʱٺһһ
֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵġ
ƺһֱû˯һ㶯
̫ʱ̾ˡ

ʱͲݶĸŮ죬ȥȻֻʱ䡣
Ϊ֮ǰûֵ磬·ֵ硣
ȥʱȷΧûˣ·ȷûˡ
Ȼڸ·Աǵ״̬֮ǰ⾹Ȼ˲١
ﳬеʱҲҶͷһνǰʱ
֮ǰ·ʱǱ˾룬һǰ档
Ҷߵſڵʱ˿תʱǰһĻһ
Ȼǵһαˡ
˶ǰ
Ⱥڵ˶ͷŵ棬һͶأǼιҪõ·˾ġ
ȻҲȵˡ
Լ˺µİɣ


6 
ǾһԷΧһǰŲݶ˳ࡣ
·ϵʩ̯Ӳͬݶ˳Ũģÿһ׶˻ϻһǳɫĶ
ݶ￴Ƕ벻ҳԲŽ͵˵Щĵθ˲ܳ͵⣬ɣģýǳζ
˿ĭǺö
ݶһֵƿҵӣ̧̧°ͣӺȵģҲ
Ů˴㶵ĽӹƿӣƿϷаɫͷġ
ݶﲻͷ㺢УԼܳԡ
Ů˲Ҷƿʲôصϡ䱦
ݶ￴ȥˣŮƿӤ
̲Ҫ˽̣һ㿪ʼ˱
ݶ˲Ϣ
ôСĺӣ֪Ҫƴȥ
ͷԷҶڳһϴ·ǳ극ҲҪȥϴͷҪһ²ֿ⣬òݶ֮ǰɨʱҲû˲ֿ⡣
Ȼڲֿһ㱡Ļңһ͸ɾˣص汻ԺҲ˯ˡ
ҺǴͳУСУôˣǳԺȾ͵ðѴͿա
Ҷæ꣬ԹѾ˺һ
Ҷվſڣݶʹ˸ɫ
ݶЦȥͷ̬𾴣ɤűʹ֮ǰΪû˵һЩ˵ס
үԸ
ҶѾϰɤˣϰߣС
Ҳɤţףʵ˺ܺãÿλϼңרȥߣϲĲˡ
ˡ
ǰ湤һ겻ؼҶô룬Ϊ֪Լʱܻȥ
ʮ죬Ϳʼˡ
ҶС˵ȥϴ·ѾŽˣԼҲҪ·ٽУ𣿡
ݶͷ˯
ݶסǼ䷿ֻŴӾͲ󣬵ȻҲ˯ˣټĸ
ʣµզ죿
Ҷۣȥֿ⡣
ݶȻ򣺡ֿãִ󣬻дأ
ڲݶָ·׷׽˱ϴ衣
Ů˺ȥǾͷš
ҶۿȺһۣϣǺˣҲֻϣѡ
˴ģ͵̺ĳ
ҪŻȥĵһҪ񣬳˻¶Ϊò
ҶۺܿƿĿ⣬ص˳
СؿҶ۵ıӰǵһοҶ۵
ˡֲءҳճյ˵ơ
ߵС˵ЩҹҲǰװ׾ġ
Ҳ϶û˺ÿ
ǶԼͬĵͷԼ֣ǵ̶ָ֣Ҳ̣ˣϸĸ첲֣Ǻڵø̼һȴ׵Ļ⡣
Ҳǲһ
һ˫۾һӣ˵ŮģŮ˦ӡ
ôﲻۣܵأ

û뵽ǻаߵϲСʱ˵˵иɽˮʱйǰΪƭأ
˵Ů˵
ǻæͷ˵ѵ巢֮ĸЩũŮũôؿأ
Ҫ˶عأǱ㶼Ҫˡ
Ҳã³ͷϸСϣϱͷ
ϱҲ¶һ˿Ц⣺⵶ƬʹͷŶƤ
Сϱ˵˸ĶǺõģ˵˴ͻҡض⵶Ƭʲôѽ
ӴųԱ˶Ӿ˵ˡϱЦ⵶ƬʲôѽϼҼĵƬ
СϱЦԺˣǾʲôܼˡ
Ƕʰˣݶʹȥ˲ֿ⡣
ֿڳк棬ǼӶ󣬿տյģˡ
ǾϲǵѾ̺˴
ûҲ̴ܿӶǺöϴҲǺӣϸǼûĺӡ
˴ѣǳ˵鲼մʱӲִӣôˣˣ
ϴ·µģƤ⣬ȴһ㲻ӡ
ֻѳù˵㣬Ȼ¶첲¶ȵģ˻ãŮΪ·ֻ̫һ¡
ǶԹ
˲ǷˣȻ˼Ĺء
˵ǶôءС˵
ǰ˵ʲôƤںƤ¶¶
ǺܿѡԼĴ̣ãҴѡ˿ڵŴµʱŷⴲҵӵͷ𴲵ŷص棬صҲӡ
õ̴Ӵ˵
Ѿ˲٣οʱֻֿЩЦ˵˴ܵõĶǿǱG˿ֻﾡá
޵ͷźڴߣȣҲġ
ð
ǹ˵Դɡ
öðȻǴãҲһˣ˵Ϲܶʶ֣ȥسһҲܵ˷ȻȫҲս˿ɺôͷ
Ϊиֵĸ磬Ҳſ
ɷкȻǴӪһССͷ˿ڼ򵥣顣
ȻҲǶĲϣôͯûϣͷæʱҲҪȥæԼɷõж
ѵʱûҲûҵһŮˡ
һڳԵģһڣһˮȣҲһˮȡ
ôѵӣŮû
̲סʹҵģҵģ
ұסĴɷţ״εؿ޺
һޣԭϲЦտҲ׷ױĿȾᡣ
ѵʱûޣþ˵ǿֹ
ݶʱ򣬿ľһȺ˱ͷʹޣǺ޲ͷصĳ档
ݣȴ¶ɤ˵ǲ˵ˣǽ죬ٸɻ
Ϊ˾ǣǱܸү̫̫һܣûô˵¡
ҿ˭͵֪ˣǸϳȥ
ݶһǰ˿࣬Ҳྡ£úӡ
ݶԼҲũл·һ˼˶
үصӣֻҪǾ̡
Ҫˣֻ̡
ҡͷ޲ָ췢ģ˵ҵģƭҪģǾҵġ
ݶˣôһ·Ҳˣһˮ˵ϢɣʲôȥϢңҶ£ҲΪ˴һãһ˷һȺꡣ
ͷʲôҲ֪ŮĲ٣ӶʳҲûⲻȱʳԸ壬Ҳɱǣ۾ʵʵӡ
̸Ҷо̨
һ鲼Ǵµ·ϼģϴý
֮ǰСд̨ԶһңָЩ
ϾڹŴҲܵõġ
ڻҼֵȵʱ仹Ǹ
Ҷо˺һʵҲһķֻܰɨǹ׼鲼ҽ
ĻͻȻҶæȥ
鲼X1
룺0.5Ԫ
Ҷۣ
ֵ5ë
ˣнܱû˺á
֪ݶĸŮ·ʱҲӣвʮ롣
˹ԱµҶǰ
ȥĶͻأ


7 
ﶼݶϴҶȫɨһ飬һһ
ʵùβһǮ˵콵ƣֻ˵ʤޡ
ɨ֮ЩڰСʱͻȻƾʧ
Ҷۻȣʾ
εʾϲ֮ǰݣǶһ
׷
ַ˻
ֻһͼƬһ֣ͼƬƲ£Ա130֡
ܶõʲˡ
ڻǿյġ
ﶫܶ࣬Ȼûϸ࣬ҲԼô»ס
ϷӷͷȵũҵƷ͹ߣ»ǴũƷƷʳȵȡ
Ҷۻ˺һȻ
ֻ۸۲࣬һСǹ50
ȻһѷϾ130ʮ㣬㲿򲻵
Ҷ۷һ磬130ĹޣҲ׼￪ֵءģҪֵأҲõ벻ʱ֡
ũת
ǲ֪ûũֵءӲ̫ᡣ
ڹŴֵʵǼ¡
һûũҩ溦ࡣ
ڶûзϣֻԽԽũҷʣôˣһ㣬ţȵȲʵĶǾֻЪ֣ճ֮Ͳˣһ飬ԼϢ
ǵλãũѡأþǱɽˮˮԴ֮Դ
пزΧûˮԴũ˾ͲѡԸȥԶظĵط
ټһ㣬زУûһ㿹
ֵǲܷ¸ġ
ҰղݶĸŮ˵زߣЩũʵҲ
Ϊ͢˰ǹ̶ģÿ˰֮ǰضרŵũ٣ڲ˵ÿĶصĴԼ󣬾ͻ¶˰
軧Ȼֱ͢˰ͷ˰Ҫġ
ͷ˰ӣǶ˰ķӣ֮һ
ԼյӸߴɣ˳ɣֻҪܻȥпڷԣ軧ǾͲᡰ췴
Ŵ˶빩Ӷ飬ҹҪ
ΪΨһĻͥȫҹӵ·
ҲǸúãضģڵݶģа취Ӿͺù
٣Ҳû취ҲҪ෹ԼҲҪֵظɻ
ũ˵ĸҲǣסǵ
ֻҪǷ⽨ͳΣزٸũҲòٺô
ЩũҵƷǺȥˣҲӣֺ٣ǻ֣ҲǻʣЩߵũƷֻˮܳĺװĢ
ҶԼš
ģܳԵʲ˵ġ
Ȼʱֻ뵽Ģǿһоܳþõȥ
ţ֮ҪܶǮǿһЩƵĲƷȥҲԼԡ
ҪôأܲһֱԳģٶҲгԹһ졣
Ҷ۷ʱѾڳˡ
ûӣΧڵϳԡ
ҺųԷֻгԷͷ
ҲһȻҹȥ쳤˲ӣ
ǳࡣݶѲ̷£˵ǳԵȣҲܶ࣬ǿŷ֡
ÿֵͥһС㳦еֽ㱡һ֪ǲݶֱʡ
ɫⱻ͸ķȻ٣ɵ⣬㲻
㳦ɢ֬ζǿһС⣬ʲôϡ䱦
˿ĭһιӣҪȥҧͻȻջͷС˵ԣҳˡ
ҪʱֱӽһƬ㳦
㳦һ̣ްʲôˣ㣬㣬ᡣ
ޣʲôЩȥᣬɳƵʵòóԣ
һһߵͷ
ûԹôóԵĶ
һ·Ī˵ˣƤûгԱ
Ǻͣ˸оҸԸ׽ֻ㳦ԣˣٰ㳦¶ǡ
㳦࣬ÿ˻ֵһ
ÿȳ˵ȭͷ˺ǲƤ¶ĺ
˺ƤǿðζֱǼ⡣
ζ
ȲĵͷҧһڣҲ̣ڱȥ
ģһԺ˷ܵغǻ𣡡
û˵ȫͷԺ
ݶЩ⣺ֻҪǺúøɣʲôõĳԲڵɻҲͼһڳԵ𣿡
ݶĳθѾˣԵĲ࣬ǰ׷
һݺţƹϣԵ㡣
ۺǵĲɫҲȥ±˸ϳȥȥͷһ֡
ҲݶҲ˵ˣֻθҲܳķˡ
ݶԵͷҲ̧ʱԼ˭ˣֻǵ㣬⡣
֭뷹˳ȥһ㶼˷ѡ
˵ˣϢ죬ӱøɻˡ
Ƕ˿
лɾǺ¡
¹Աǵʱ䣬Ҷ˼ô˿͡
ôù˿ͲҪһֱڳС
ֱǵѶȡ
ƺôив
ֱȥ·ˣ
Ҷ۸ͷͷˡ
·̯߰
ڳҲ;ŸˣҲǿ׳סƷ
ô붼ûĿܡ
ǻһطݶĸŮϷһ֣ƾҪعٱˡ
䡱ǵѶȡ
ǲò뱾Լ⡣

ݶ˵ĺʱʰ;ߣŮҪȥϴ룬ݶﲢġ
Щ;߶Ǿ·ǷĴϸɫĻƣһȣǵԵøֲڡ
𶯣ǿⲻ𣡡ݶﱻǵĶŵþʧ롣
кݶʰ˵
˷ӿ˲ڴ˴ж
΢죬ǲ֪˾ںδֻܳŲֿŷ¹ϵķؿͷ
ݶĸŮҲſģˣݶźʲݶǽҰɣ
ݶû֣δɼǰֻС˼ңǱżҵģ˺Ժ󣬱ǲݶ
ƺע޷ӵԼ
ݶﲻҵ飬ֻԲݶ˵㿴ǣĪȥϴ벻ø˽
ݶæ˵Ըϴȥ˵㡣
ݶˣ¹ԱǿݶС׳ŵʣһֱˣ
ݶֵǶһҸﲻǰű˴ȣǻǶˣǿ´ԣɡ
ݶ˿ĭնԡ
¹ԱҲͳһ˿ĭ
а׷ԣϷӡ
ּСեͷģÿҲͳһ⣬δг⵽ʱ
˼ͶûУҲ᲻öš
ݶ˵Ҫˮȥͷˣڴǹȥ
ݶȸǷַ˲¹ԱǶȥӡ
ͨ͸ıӣʵүָûЩӡ䣡
Ɑ飬õʱСЩݶż򣬶ⱭӵӣԼͷһⱭӵӡ
޲ð
˿ţʵڲõġ
ݶȴҲ˵ǲţȥñġ
ֱһֽϱЩɵúܣڵϲ飬ݶԼòճõҲϱӡ
˵ӣá
Ȼ¹ԱǶҴӲݶӹϱűӴ
ôôᣡȻܽʵ
ݶ𿴱ˣҽôˮ
˵ˣдͨЩǱ·ɰʯ졣
Ǽʶ̫٣ٴЩӾϰˡ
ȻҲãԾǰ
ݶɤӣˣǶԣӱˮơ
ôЩˣݶֻɡ
ϧǰЩӾ˵ʱûиɻʱιȥûܽ˿ĳġ
лҪ˵
ݶÿ춼ԼΣδװΣʵϣ


8 
նǰҹһ˿δɢ·߿ݻƵĲҶô΢ɲĵ¶顣
δĹٵϴӹʱɳ
ͷսʹ쿥ת򳯻ߡ
˫бͣ·УԵľƿһ졣
ͷԣϵص˵ӣǰ񡣡
ﴫƵƹȥ
ͷ¶ɫԥƬ̺򴽵ֻһ·ƣҪ֡
ûгɣơ
ͷֻ׵ǣתкֵǽ֡
Ȼ֣ͱǽ⿪סһ·
֣磬ӣ³Ų˶áһ˰̼ᴩȫͷˣûƹ·ָô죿
֣翴죬ûһƿн˵ⲻǲģǱֻ˵͹ȥ͹ȥǻ˻ʬû˵
˰У֪߳αΪǵһˡ
һ·Ĳ񣬶ʬݹǰ㵹·ߣʬ
ҲУҲʬǿ٣ʣһûȥ
ʣĶҲࡣ˰˿ĭѾûôȹˮˡ
֣磺ѵҺȹ
˰гλÿɱǺá
˰з߿ǵľͲǣʱжٵ֣ڻʣʣµǵˮȿʣ٣
Ǹˣⲻܳǲܳԡ
Ҫҿֱӡڲϱһ£˵ˣǱҲû˵
֣޲᲻صسȥ˰Ҳ㣬Ӳһ¡
û˵ɴŻĻȥǮ֣ͬüֵܶмСǰ
˰гһڣǣЩүȱǮǮЩֻʣһģǮ
ʱʮ֣һʣµĲʮ
ΪӣʹҲҪ˳⡣
ˣʣµĶҲˡ
ƫƫʣĶչǸӡ
˰д⣬ǻزȥ֮ǰȽⲡˡ
ͣԭأתͷϵĲӣһͷ֡
ѱǰһƤ޷ṩκζ
һ죬ʣˮˣɱһƥ伢Ѫ
ûܴȥ
ߵ̫ûͼûˮ·ü춼ԭشת
ʣµǲɱˣɱ֣߳Ҳûһ˫߻Ϸ
˰ҹʱӣԷһͱɾܽͷ֮ޡ
ҹ¶ġۿǻزȥˣαؼźǮ˼ҵĹӡ
˲Ƕ˫۾ֻûǵֵǮ
ɱҲȥĵǱ
ɫ԰׵˿ߣŰѦͷڣһ˫Ƶķģ·ϣɲǱֻ̡
˰пǷߺޡ
Ͳͷϣˡ
´˿̾ڻɽҰУԷɶŵļӡ
˰ذס
Ƕ˯ǲѣΪʡʳ
ֻ˯УǲŲ
ɱ
˰Ǹӣ֪ʲô֪˽ʲôǽӵⵥ⡱ʱֻ֪Ǹˡ
ж
񻹲Ҫ
еذҪ̳ȥһ̣ͻ
һ⳯Ǵ
ǹ⽫˴յ磬˿̵ģյΡ
˰ԭأذȻأббزС
ɡ˰૵ˡ
ǹ׵ôĿǻɢĹ⣬Ҳչ⣬׵ô۶⡣
˰Źâķ£ܶഫ˵еܺ򽻵ܲ˵̣ɽˮʱӴ˸һøϢ
˹⣡
ܽҹĹǷС
ôˣˡ
ϵı鼸仯ãȻ֣ٵη
Ƕÿÿ¶ҪȾ꾰ã׻Ҫרȥһݣͷ㡣
˰ڵϣͷء
ǰԹҲ󸻼һֻҪʩԮ֣뿪֣˳صϷͺá
֣Ҳ˵ϡ
Ψûɿûվ
ֻǴʱû
˶˫ϥأͷأȴΪָһ·
̧ͷ
һʵƺǴ˷һӿ˷ֱ治巽ûпȴܽÿ˶塣
ֻ˵һɽػǸ°ľӡ
˷׷̧ͷ
ɡ
ӹ߳Ǹϸˡ
ϸ˴һĳȹǼκģȹӣȴ⸴ӷĻƣƺŻɫޣԶ滨
˿̶ڲݴԺҶۻ֪ʲôһ۾
ݶϴǳаɳ̲ȹ
۸ˣӡеףǴƬƬĵ
Ҷû׼ģʵ̫ˣԿ
ڲݶҲе죬⣬ݶﴩɳ̲ȹҲŴˣֹΥ͸С
Ѿ۲Ⱥ˺üˣƬżɽû·С·Ұ޾²ȳģ֮ǰҶ̽ΧҲСġ
ܷ֮ȺˣΪڵĵطƸߣÿԶ뿴ܲǱڹ˿͡
տʼǲҸЩ˽Ӵ
Ƕһʱ䣬û̫вŸҴŲݶ
Ҫά裬ͲԼȥЩ˽Ӵ
ڲݶⷽ츳ֱǸţִϰϲԱĹ˲š
ûҶ⣬Ҳʦͨȥô¹Ա
¹Ա;ϹҶҪģܾܽϹܽ¹
Ҷ۷Ⱥǿֵ磬ϸȥԶĶ
ݶ򶨣ȴЦüĿĿǰһȺ׳ˣƽȵ˵˵֪ǲ
ݶûԼƭˣֱ׳ΪԼ˵ָɡ
˴󾪣˸˵ͷ֣񣬽Ӳĳݶﹰֵɹá
ݶϵЦͰˡ
ѽɹˡ
ǵԼˣܺƭˣǰֵҲʲôˣǰҲӻģʹͨһҳԴ
֣棺˿ڴ˴
ݶ΢Ц޴ڣ֪
ݶ΢΢һ
˵㲻Щ˽̸ת֣Ҳûиոǵ
֣һȺ˸Ҳš
Ǵ˿̱˲ãˮѺľʱ콵¶ǲҲҪˡ
죡죡ϣ˰̫ܵˤڵϣ£ֽŲõվһȳһյĸȥԼˡ
֣ҲǵҲǵòӹˡ
֣󺰣еٵﶼ˳İˣ
תͷ򻹿ϵĲӣŬԼôʵˣұ
ӿ˵ˡ
֣Щɻ󣺡˸ղΪβɲ򣬱㲻ġ
ӴҲģ֣磬վˡ
֣磺
ӿҪˡ
֣ӣһҧԲӶ£Ҫԣұȥ
˴ȱϾһҲ컯
Ա͵Ҷۣ
զȣûȹ˰ȵҲҪҩ
ȫǡΰٲ


9 
˰еײײظǰϸð麹ÿһҪһ¡
·ߵĿ֦ƤϸܵѪͣڰ̺۴Ȼֻǰǵ⡣
Լ֣Զ˲ʶ֣ҲûǮȥжΪ
ǰֻǸС죬ֵܶ࣬⣬ʣµıҪȥı·
ԶľѧͽʦǴ˯ʦҵĲݶԣӵʣݵֻʣһѹͷѧ꣬ʦҸĻûѧʲôա
ʦɻʱǰȥ˵ˡ
ԶʦɻʦĸźȥԸˡ
һؼң±ĸҲ´ϣһȺС͵
ֱ֣һѣտʼֻǽӵС͵㶫ȥĳ
˵ǮԺ֣һţҲˡ
˼꣬ڵҲ˵֣ſھ֣е֣ɽͷз˻͵˶ͨ˻Уɽ˲ΪЩˣֻյ·Ǯ
ҲǲͻԶʱ򱻻˵ġ
ɺôסһҪѺֵǮĶɽǾûô˵
ھָտһţǲ֪ԷݣûԷֵֻµĳ̸⣬ǧۣǵ߽Ӹˡ
ֵⱲûôǮ˵ǧû
ֵ֣һʮţẺӣܸɡ
ԶţһֵǮ㲻ٸһУؼӣȢϱԺ󰲰ȹӡ
˱߲֪ҪôӵϱĹذפعذĽʿҷֱϷֲ߽£öò͢ûذѾߡ
ֻܶߣ˸飬ǲͨذ
ԶֻǮ
·ɣֻҪܾǾԵɣȥ͸ÿչݣݣﶼҪݡ
ǰϸԶǿż͸ɿʣһ׷
ٴء
ԶҲ̤һչҫľ޴ǰ
ǰĽһķӣ͸ųŴĿĹ⣬̨վżˣǶ˷˿Źͷڷ⡪
Զ˵ڵϣȭء
ˣܻˣ
ݶ°͡
һʱ䣬¹Աǵ࣬Ȼڸݣÿ׷ⶼܹܱѾ˲١
˵˴ȣպ㲻ܸɣҲȷǿ
֮ǾԼȻ̥ǣ㷲еˡ
Զһ˵Ŀⶼŵ㱯˵˼
Ҵһɫ䣬⻹ۼֿģм仹иɫ޵ӡ
ɫǹҲһˡ
ܻӭĶɫɫǴ죬ܻӭǺڰ׻ɫ
һɫ׵ãܾò
гӭ͵ıһ£ȻƣǶԣ˷ơ
ôᣬһƮƮɴô׻һЩͻ˺һӡ
벻ôġ
ɣûֶΡ
һ˾ɲֲüɣ
벻ͨģɷơ
ΪǿˣǲҪͷðͷȫһ϶¶
ҰһԡñݸԶò׼Ĺٻ˵ͷ˵࣬ɽණȥ
䴿Լӣ˲飬Ȼϲ࣬˼Ȼϲ࣬Ϳ϶ӷࡣ
ԶҲӣδĶҲִֻС˵Ҳ
룺ͷҸ
Ųӵ֣ҴҸϵߵյȲؽӷŵϣҲԼĵǣǹڵϣˡͷ
˶Ȼͬ죡֣ͨ죬ָųʲӣ˿ϵʲô֣
ڵϣͷƣЩãϵãֺƲϵá
ϵȱ첲ȣ˵
֣ףͷĳѪ벻⣬Ц˵õ֣˲ϵҲƽ
ǷֱԶǴԡñȷʵʵ󣬲ſݶ
ȻǴδڸ˭˿زݶأǲ뱻ߣǱָʹƺҲʲô¡
ݶЩ⣬ǰµˣǰڼʱһСܵ˿أúúøɣ֪ǳġ
˿ǽȥ£Ҳұȥ
ҶѾĴӺ˳С
Ϊ˲裬ֻ߲ݶЩҪĶö
ݶﵹû顣
϶Ҫġ
˴ȱͷĶݶһӦ˵ɶҲ׸
Զһ㶣ʣĶ֮࣬ǰʱҲȥԣ֮ɶԷҪ۹ߣǻܲﲻʣǮ
ݶż˵Ҫʲôư֮ʲôʲô
ҪǳģǮ
Զ˵ģҳģ
ڶֻͣͳһϲΣպãʮ־
ɹãƣֿ죬¶һֺÿŵЦݣҳģ
֣˰죬ֻͳһذףֵǮĶˡ
ذܸȥȥ·ô죿
ϣͻȻ
Զȫһ𡪡
ˣ
˵
Զ߽ȥ쳤˲ӣ뿴˳ʲôģǲͷۡ
ûܿ˵ģֻϸ
ʲôëݶߵӸǰ
ŲȻɫ԰ףŻ˻ǰԷµ඼ǣҲܾӸµĿŶԷ
ת˭Ҳ˵
ӵͿ۵ױĹʣɹã˵첡
ݶﱻһȴסûкˡ
첡ˣ£
ţȥˡ

첡Ҷü
Ȼʷѧһ㣬Ҳ֪Ŵ첡ָľǷνˡ
ںܳһʱڣΪνǾֱֿ֢ҩͽϷ֦˾ŵõˡ
Ӧҩ䣬óһùأ˲ܽУȥϢҩø
ˣ㻹ҪҩܻκҲܻҪͬףԲȫ
Ҷ۰հװеıעݶ˵һ켸٣һټƬŽ뿪
ûƤԣ֪Է᲻ùع
Ҫǹû취ȣֻöԷ
ǰҶ˵ν˾ǡָòһǳԵòãֿ
Ҷ۴ѧͬѧ͵ùǸˣʲôԣ⡣
ܶٶٰײ˷νˣصѪűȥҽԺ
ѾˣֻܽжԷ
ǻ
ֻϣҲҪصݿ˵ĵز


10 
ɵɢ͵Ĺ⣬вбȴбˬ
ԭɣ֪̤ʵأȴ
ɶ֮Աǣ˼ɣǼٴŵķʿװŪˡ
񡭡
òš
ȶ͸󣬽ɫҩƬˮˮͷ
첡õĲɣʱõġ
ʱѾҳһƬȳǵأɫ޲ڣȥʲô塣
ȳԵһܳԵĶ
ôɱϲɱ
ֲһجΡ
ܴׯȫգʱԭҪߵģ첡ȴˣֻҽ
ɳҽʦߣؽҲӦ
Ǽ͸һҽʦԷ˵첡ҩ㣬βãֻţгһܲζ
Ȳϣû
עһ٣ɲ
ҩ㿴еˮ
ⱭӾӨ͸ûһ˿ʣɫʯˮҲⱭһ͸ġ
ıʯȻӡ
ҺĽԼ
ɼ˲̰ͼϵĶֻҪġ
վסݶſֽ˱ңڳ˶ſ֣˵Щƣ˼Ȼ˿ڣǱ㲻Ҳӡ
˵ˣⲡżҲûʲôֻҪҩЧˣҩҲһݶ
ʵ֣أ
ݶڲɹأģ޲ýаա
ȣжֺν⣿
ݶҲǺо˵ĶͷŵĶǷеĶҲܴſֽȥ
ŰɣݶȲ˳ȥ
¡
ⲡǺΪĹײ㣬˵Щ˸һ
ˣȴһ
࣬ȴ
౻̤ܸơ
߽Уﳵ֣һ˺󣬲ݶһڳ

Զʲôã
ʲôУ
һܡЩҺ˲Ƿˣ⣬϶
֣磡㿴ԶЦ߰ĺӣϵ˰̶ø̧Ķһ޻ǡ
һ
֣ûǶһʲôԼﳵ
⹺ﳵҲǸö֪ʲôģֲͷĸӣӲټúܣǰҶתǼӣֻܳǰ򳯺
磡ԱߵĵִչڵҲϲ⣬㿴
֣ڸٽˣæúܣ
Ҷһ߳Ժȿ֣һ߿档
Ȼ϶ģ˾ܳԣûζãҲʤޡ
ԼͷƬ˺ͷѡ
ôѡֻҪ˵ʱǮС
ĶӦǹġ
̨ĻҶһʽʵҶۺ
ǰƷڵصĹģһԼҪһôһӵĹɻҡ
һִۡ
ȺʵͦǮġ
ֻԼ֪
ԼԼҲ֪Ҫ·ݶ׿˵˲£ﳵĻĸѹҲ˲١
ǶˣѡĻʳƷȫǷЯĸɻ
ЩȻҪҲ֪飬Ҳܱ֤
Ǽһ£װõˮ򣬻ܷŸƮѩ֡
Ҷ۾ͦģܱ֤ԼĶȻô飬кܴȥĺƷˮֻһû飬Ҳ㹻һˡ
̰á
˶ף˶
Ҷ۵Ǿù˶ջܼرĵ
˵ʱԶóԼ֣绹ǰѻذ˳ʣ¼Ҳ½ͳԼֵǮĶ
վ̨ǰȫ㷲
óĶȻܸҪĶֵͬ
˵ˮ򣬵˵ô⣬Ͳô㶫ǮԺġ

Ҷ۴Ӽ˳֮ǰһʱ䣬̻ԱǮ
ɹԱǲʶֲ˵Ҳѧᣬ˽һ£һ˶û̻ᡣ
Ҷ۲֪ʦ̫ˣѧ̫ˡ
Ҷû̫Զǿ
ϾԱôţʱҲˡ
ˣ֪˭ȺһɤӣԶڴƬ̺󲻸ڿҶ۵æҵĹ£Ҷ۽ͿʼȿֺĸҶۿͷ
ͷڴשϵҶ۸оԼͷۡ
Ҷۿ۲ݶ
ݶᣬɤ˵ɣ˲ȱǿͷ
Ҷۣ
Ȼ˼ȷʵǱˣɴӲݶ˵ôое㲻ԡ
Զǲͷˣɲ
ǼʶˡСĶҲ
ԭҶۻЩ˿кġ
ԼĵЩࡣ
δ֪ʱԶǿ־˷ܡ
ǻΪĶϲ˿־Լˡ
һиԴδ֪
Ҷ۾ԼҪȥ˵ķɴ˷ǿ϶˷ܣ˶ѺãҲҴǷɴ⡪˭֪˻᲻ͻȻͳڣԼࣿ
Ҷûпǣߵ̨棬᲻ص˵ɡ
Զ̧ͷһۣѸٵͷȥ
ֲأñȹ˻ÿɼɽˮ˼ˡ
ǲҶҲǡ
ʮӣͷ֣̽ԵɲҿҶֻۣͷԼıǼ⣬ĥĥŲ̨ԱߣڰСɡˡ
Ҷĵصͷûлظ
Զ֣վû˳ͽ㵽֣
Ҳࡣ
Ҷۣ
ֲ֣硱ͷġ
Լǣȥһѣ˵һֱȥ
ҶԹԼ£ɨЩͳĶ
ʵЩŵִôֵǮϾЩǹŶǿûд
ʮһǰûƣҲû졣
ɼͬһ
ִôµӣһǧֲƷݳƷƵٺöֵǮ
ֱӻǮͲһˡ
ЩʱĹǿյ׼ۻԺ١
֣ԶõĶֵǮҲһţ⡣
ֻˮĵ۳˶ʮ
Щۣǳɱۡ
Ҷ۵˵ЦģԭΪһٻֺѴչû뵽һ͹ˡ
ǿżô˿ţ޲һ߸ߡ
ʲôʱߣҶʡ
֣˺һ̽ػصˡң
Ҷס
ֻ֣΢̧ͷӵĽǶȿҶۣҶ۵ͷС˵ˣǵûͷλȥϷ˴ҩ
ҶۣϢ죬Ĳɫɡ
ͷ͵ԼٻȥˣҲǶ조ˡ
֣Ȼ¸Уκμлĸ޶·ĵǵļСҲǮȥǲᣬҲ˵µĻ
Զͨһֹˣһ߿ͷһ˵ţ
ţ
ﲻҪĸŴ磬ܲȱһڳԵģַ
ˣҪһ
Ҳ볤ϣ
Ҷۿ۲ݶȻԼ᲻ϿͷԶޱ߻Ϣҡ
ʣµ½ݶɣо顣
ҪܳϣɣʺĵطУ
Ͼˡ
Ҷϲ̵߽ϢңȲĴ򿪵ԡ
û뵽ġ֮áˡ
ȻЩ΢źеź
ûźǲġ
Ļˡ


11 
СѧǻᣬҶסѧУſڵСʮźԼΪʲôСϰĺӡסȥˡ
ʱС׿ڽԼź˸ĸ
ȻһŮֶ֣ҪԱͼӴס
ԴһЩСҲˣлᣬסиá
бҵʱҶ۾ȷԼδҵһҴͳС
Ϊ˴룬Ҷϴѧڼְڼְ·ϣʲôǮʲôżʮȵֳܸɡ
һյŬ£ڱҵ롣
ʮʣµļá
ҶΪʡǮһĲֿ⣬ϳסĻǲôѵ˺ͺӣ̶Ҷ۲ں
˸ļ۸ѲֿΪǮֻ̫ܸĽһĳС
ռһҲ㹻ˡ
ҶһֱԼܲȻʲô˾ĸҲеСǮ
ĸһҷ޵˾ʳƷ⣬ڽйһЩӹ
ûдҶΪԼӦ˳˳ˮĻȥ
緢ĳо٣ҲǮ
ǰûС
Ҷѵˡ
ҧгݵضŵĻ˿ҪҵһѴӣһҪ̨ҳ
ԭͻԱֶһ
һҲܼ׶λתơ
ڵһݡ
λתơ
ӯ2456ɻ֣245
ѡĿĵأ
ȶ½0/1
(0/1
С֣Ŀĵش
Ҷƿڴ֮ǰ˵һٻ־λת𣿣ƭӣ
ص㣬ûһġ
ǰǻС˵ĵطߴŻ֣ôǸȥ
Ҷò
˼ҪǮ֪Ҫٻֺ󣬲пܽԼԭڵĳУ
ǿǿҶҲܵԻ᲻Ӧھ͸̫࣡⣬ֻܵϹ֪ǧж಻𣿣
ҶۣҰһûԱĶ٣һװŪҪ˶ֻĹȥҲڹϱգ
Էй˴Сʱһˮڲˡ
ˡ
Ҷ̱ڰ칫ϣ顣
׻ҪǮܻȥ
ûȷĿò
ҶǿѹеĲϸԼϿԼ
ȻѾص㣬Ǿ֤ԡûа·ֻҪһֱǮһЩһȥ
ҶûдӰ칫ҳȥ
Ķȥֻһ˾

֣缸⼸סˡ
Ȼûгˬ֣ҲұԹгкȣõĶѾǴң̰ģɲǡ
οҲܺãۿ֧񲻱ͨӲ
ϺܻһǷĺӣϵȵͲǿ
Ȼзá
˵סӡԶһ˷ܵһ
֣ı⸱ӣ˿˲á
Զ򴽣̲ס˵ҲûŴֻ˵첡ܺǴһ𣡡
Աߵĵ֣ⲡҲܲܺãһʱòˣʲôʱܶ
ߣҵ볤þõ˵ϧ˲ҵš
ԶҿЩ˶ң
˶źǶҪǿ׳
ƾʲôܸУԶҧһɣҧгݵ˵
֣簲ο䣺̫ࡣ
룬˵УҲЩӵĻ֣˫۷⣬Ҫܻ߻ȥƾ⼸ˮҲܹ˵ӣ
ϷڱǸȥ
ɽˮЩʲôϵ
ֻиӵǸ̤࣬ˣһӶܿԼ˫һǮĲ䲻ͣܿϻ۹ӡ
ǲУעҪܻ
ͲɽˮҲúɽʲôÿġ
ֻǮˣܴůѣԱȢһСӡ
ˣСǾ͵øϡ
Ҫûģ˾ֻܿɫ
ƿҲ̫ԶϰʮͯҲûڽֽǰڸ̯ӰдţʷѣҲô
ֻǮƴץסĶֻǮ
Ǯǵĸ
֣ϴЦΰ˫˵Ȼȥǰˮˣʱ򶼻أӣͲ֯ˣ򼸸Ѿͷźǣ
Χһδĺӡ
Ҳû˯
סڷҲû˯һҩԼ˲٣ҲΪԱ㣬Ծ֮ǰã֮ǰһҹ˯յû˯
һȲ裬ӯڣͷһڣһ
طɾʲôУʲôȱ
ͨͨһ裬жɬڡ
ҲӲЩȵͨˡ
ΪӵܣŴûܹƽһĴ
ȻԼŴ쾭塣
УǶǷˣ˻ֻϸ߹
ȳһǣǺ𣬵ζŹ֣ܡ
˵ǣ˱㲻һֱԣǸö
ȥСʱһЩǡ
ǵǸĸֵܣҲ뿪
ÿһ۽磬ͷ޻ȴܽҹյûյĵƣֵѣֻǸɫȡκǣ˼еġ
̾Ϊֹ֮֮̾С
˲ǵȹļɣóһܳΪ£ٻֿɵãȴԸɽҰ룬ڿѡ
ȾԼȥӦһÿճЪʱݡ
˵ס¡
Ѽɾ˼˼䡣

ʧ˴ϵҶһ˯͡
Ҫǳû˸Ҵ˵ӣֻȻѡ
ȥһ棬Ѳôһ͹ˡ
ԱڲֿԷ
ǻ˲ʱ䣬Ѳֿˡҡ
ԼͥΪλǣӹҲԼҺͱ˼ҸֻΪס̫ϲֲЩǵǶʵûаҹʲô졣
ֿﻹйҶ֮ǰòݶȥ˼žɳνȥ
ڲֿѾģס˾Բס
ݶѾѧ̨ˣֻϵõϲ࣬ʲô˶ֻҷκζϰ⣬ԸͣҲԸΡ
Գ˵ζǺܹѵ
ֻǹԱǲҲ
Ҷ۳˲ݶ
ˣԸݶ칫ҵʱߵͶûɾϹЦͺͨȰϸû
ʼԱȣѾ̥ǡ
ԼҲԵãﲻûбǿ׳ģ˵ģġ
˾ǿ
δоԼΪ˷һУ
Ը뿪һ뿪ͻǸܵũ
˿еķˣֻҪڣû
ǰָֻԼɷԼĶӡ
ָԼˡ
ҶۣǸϽ𣿡
ݶ̻صûҲš
Ҷ۵ͷԹɣǵãһҪ֡
ݶ޲ģز
˿ǴõģûǮֻҪ·ƾԼǮ
ϣֵǮ浣ԼȱǮۺ죬ֱӰѶԷǹ⡣
лҪ˵
Ҷۣƭӣƭӣ
ԣ֪Ӧ


12 
ɫһҽÿִϣһʱҶһʱմҵĸо
ҶڼԸ򽻵ΪҪά裬ΪǸ죬ڻ罻ţ֢Ⱥˡ
⣬ܸ˾ͷ뵽β
ԼҪǸ򽻵ҪСʱͰԼĸ׵
ʱҶΪ˻Լÿ춼ֻдռǡ
˭дռǰɼѾˡ
ҶۿżȣһηֹŴĽ׼ԭϡ
ȵֽϸҲߣȻݣĿֱͦ
Զȴȴֽţ̶ָ֣ͷҲߣԼҲһͷߵ֣翴ҲһߣжܴŻȻƺԶҲֱͦ
ҶЩ꣬ŴĽ׼ݵλ
ִ¼ͥãֻҪܶ飬ϴѧվϸߵ㡣
ڼɼãֻҪԿͣȥϸɻһµĹʶͨ͡
˶иı˺׼Ļᣬ²ı䣬ҲΪԼǮ˵һȣµˡ
׼˻ֳŵȣϵܳԱůʶ֣ûиı˵Ķ
µ˺ľһѪѴﵽˮƽдˡ
Ҫ̴ָ֣Ŵƽ˼ľһͳʲôܲܳԱûиı˵;
һᶯܿҲǡ
Ҷ۾Լֶ˵㶫
ǰνĽ׼ûֱ׵ĸй١
ȻеСǮûԼͼûǮͬѧʲô
ͬһѧУ飬ͬһʦĽ̵ͬľӣͬ־Ը
ûԼǿûκμͥԽС
Ȼĸܵ׼ǲǿˣͥŬܸıĶ
һȻѹŵײͶ
ԽͶԽ

Ȼôš֡ЩƣܽܣСģΨԼʲô
һж˵㹻棬ǴֵƳ״صĻܣ۽磬Ƶڳߣȴδִʲô
Ҷ۷ô۲ʳĻܣԶǽȻͬ
ȵעһֱڸƷƷϣڱ±Ļվ˺ܾãֱҶ۶ûʲôģ׼תϷʱһ±
ǣüͷ΢壬˺һ滺
ƷҲܸȤǴȫȤ
ȻҶûʱĴǿ֪ǻӦöЩĴ
ȴ糿䵽ҹʲôûá
ŴһʵҶۣ
ŶԽĲݶڽӵҶ۵ָʾϿֱֱ֣سȥھԷ׵ĵطͣ£ûȵ֮ǰŵʱҿվţ㲻ֱ
ݶʣΪβ㶫
ѧŽйӣǰûˣ˽ﶼйˡ
Цĳ޳
ûʲô׸ɣΨаţ׳֡
ݶ￴ȵͷ֮ڲˣ
㶡
ݶֵӲܹ
ȹֵĳˡ
ȡڽݶɢһͷںڳ͸Ц
ݶӹڣĶûҲֵֻ֪ϸ֪϶ˡ
ѾȻ⡱پĶô
Ͼáˮˮˣʵүûĺö࣡
ȽںȥһͷԼͷ˸β
û飬Ϊ·;һ˴ԵʣݶҲûǿҪԡñ
ûƷ֪·ϻסһЩСƷƷ
һеķ롪Сõࡣ
ҶЩףר˲ݶ
ݶڼҶ۽ͣˣɲ׵ãӻǰҼҾû룬ֻ˽裬Ҫʳأ
밡Ƴ룬þٴδһöɵ÷ϲö
ֻǮ˼ҵ̫̫Сѧأ
˿߲׵ãҲ׵ãԽСĶԽѣϵļҲ
ݶС˵ܵļͭ壬ܼ²һö롣
Ǹֹѡ룬ɱЩɫ
Ҷû뵽ŴƶزЩʣǲϼ𣿡
ݶ۾һû뵽˻֪ϼ˵ϵĸϵģҲǻػضȥ٣үǲүˣЩҲٶ
϶ЩʲôҶ°ʡ
ڲݶǰѾ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ֪ݶ￴ʱܴűȳǽ˾õ¶ڡ
ݶ룬˵޷ν֮ĶҲ򲼵٣Ҫ·õʵڲܴûԸ⻨ǮȥҲģȥⶼˣֻʣûʲôˮ⡣
ݶﲻȱˮʱ֮ǰһĭ
ҶۣûֵǮĶΣ֮֬ģ
ݶЩ˼ЦЦҵĸΡ
Ҷۿ
ݶͷɺˡ
Ҷۣ
ݶǣ˭޵ʱܴѣǰɵģҲʮ˴˼ˣ
Ⱳźǳ޵ʱûѰһѡ
ʱʮСһɫ£ﱧһСĸͳţŵڼſڵɷ뿪
ûл磬ûʽһ·Ѿ¡صĶˡ
ҶЦֲ㰮ȹӡ
ݶѡɳ̲ȹǺɫռȹӡ
һô˵ݶȻ߳ܣô˵ݶ㲻߳ܡ
ݶͷҶ۳˵ȥϢɡ
ȥǮˡ
ѡ˶ƳڹԱǵ̨ǰ
ϵ񣬿Ǹʲôģһֱſ
Ҷ۳ʱȲջߡ
Ȼ˵ĳࡪӦǵģһͷ٣Ű룬ֳһĮ
ôҲû뵽˿ȻǸˣ
ûгҲûа룬˫ĿڣȻ
µҳĹӡ
ҵĹӽȻͬ
˵ﲻֻͬҪ֪ϵˡ
ֻ˵һͷ̷ʵڽЩܡ
θɾعˡ
ĸʦϥûô
ҶѾϰˣ˫ʹ˵عɡ
˵̨
ȵһŻվ
ɷഺפȻ£Ȼһ۵ף˵Ѿǧ꣬Է˵ǲں
ӦеƷ񣬶ЩװŪĵʿʦɵĻӣȴҪ˼伫֡
ȫûԼƷҶɨ롣
ֵǮ
ҶûֱӰѹڻǮս˲ֿ⡣
ϵͳģĶ԰յۻǮҲֿ⣬֮ȥλת
ǱǿдĻϵͳġ
ҪǰλӸܰ·Ҳ˾ͺˡ
лҪ˵
ȣ˵Ʒ񣡡
Ҷˡǿ·ۣǮٺ٣Ǯ


13 
ҹϡϢĵƾþδϨ
Ҷڵǰǰ̯ıʼǱ
ĻȻ࣬ûղذťÿηҶҪͷβ̫鷳ˣҶ׼һʱԼڼĶ
һҳڼʲôˡ
ҶȤĻ˵ǹЩˣһСǹУֻҪһܻøİȫУȥ⡣
ֻܼ̫
ǮĻ׼ѱҲֻҪȷЩᷴ
еѣҶȻͿԣҲ߿
ҪǱǷɣֻǸӵеķˣǻĻ𣿻жڵ
ɱܵõһУĻ᲻ģ
Щûܹˮ֮ӿȪ౨⻰֪ܶҾ֪мˣ
ǲΣʱ⿿Լһˣܱжã
Ҷ˰˿Ѿ賿㣬ȴûа˯⡣
Լ߽ͬѾ˲á
أһʱȴҲ벻İ취
ˣǮɣǮ
֮ǰɨȵʱĹֵʮ
ҶۻûֱӻǮ׼ȶţǮˣȻһǹ
⣬ĺѰ
ֻ⣬ѡ

ˣݶ˲ֿĴš
𴲾͵ſĹԱһ̵ĴӴҵĲϵ
ָռ䣬˰Ҫϵţòֿͨ硣
Աǵû˽ڼʱҲǼ˼һӣ˭ƨм붼֪ﲻԡ
˼ңʵӶֻһǾҪŴ
ֵܽüڱǹȣŵĲпӴ
ҶиҴӷָʵûпɱԹġ
ʲôСϱ˿ĭСͬɷ˵Ѽ
ɷĲ¹ʣһԡ
СϱЦеҲйʣ
˸˵ˣǰÿ¶ǡʡǮ
˵ͭ壬֡Ҳûɶ˵ĶǱŷʵ졣
Ա󣬹Աǵɫ;״̬Ժ
ǲٴͣҲ¶Ȼɫ
ڹԱڴ£ݶﱧһͷ߽˲ֿ⣬ݶ󣬻ﱧŵһˣ˺ϸļ˿κζһ
Ժ󣬲ݶȥһ𶹽۶ҵġ
˵ڶٶٳԵĶÿγԷܸǴ޴ľϲ
ǵĻҲۣȻ󣬵Ͼûʲô߶಻ȥ
Ҳûʲôأ˵ϢҺ͡ҡȥ⣬ĵطǶ
ôãѾѧöײޣôˮٽˡ
ණҲ÷
ƽճʲôأСʣһ̲ˣ֪ܸܲˡ
ݶ֮Աǣķɣʲôöû
˻ֵ̿ǣҶ໰
ݶҧһͷ˱·ɽˣҲѵ㣬ƽձԺ˾˯ˣû¾Ͷදݵøһպ󲻺ø˰¡
СʣҪҵȣ
ݶȻǣΪ˾ȸˣ
ԼĻжˣ˾ˣĲػֻһ򼸸ȸܿˡ
ôأ
Ը⵱ʵ۾ͺˣ
⻰治˵
ү󣬻ʵүҲġ
ʵүӣ˵ڸ˻һȹء
˵Ķ˵
ʵүҲҪȥġ
ԹҸԶһ˺ͱҵȶ緹ݶĸŮԸȥұԼ
ȥĹͷϾǶˣ˵Ĳãûô¹ˡ
˱ҵš
ֱ洫ӦҲſŽȥ
ڴߣδԼ̣˼ҲԵңЦЦЩȵҵģ
ңͷ׳ʿҲУġ
Щ棬Ұѷ˷ŵϺʣˣ
룺ˣ˴ȱߡ
˵Ϊβһѣ
֪ҶôģôãٺõҲվ˸ζôҲHˣ绻һ
̾ʵǳﶫ̫࣬һˡ
ڲȳĶֵǮٻ
ϴһȥˣ
ȵɴ۾ˣҴҲУ
ȻƬ̺˲ûֻҪģˡ
Цҡҡͷ
ɡˡЩΣӲ¹ڲĳǰοֻأ
ң˿ȻٽѸҡ
˿ٺòͷˡ
ЦΪ£ͷ
̫٣Բı£ܽ˼ס
ϽģǰָͷָֻԼ¡
˵ܸУиŮŮף˵˵أ
ŮȵĿ̣
ǰ̤˰ɣ
˵ܳŮ
һ뵽һ¾ͳ
Ҹ˵ȥ˳⣬ȥ緹ͷ˺Ͷ
ȣ֣Եø¶ܳı顣
Ƕ׼⼸иˣЩ᲻ãǺ⣬ڳˣ·Ͼ͵ٳԣ˭֪ȥûʱ䣿
Ұѷ˷ڳ̨ϣǾԡ
ǶϷˣҶԱߡ
֣һڳ˰ͷֹһڶ˵ǣ
ЩĽϱߺðˮãֵҲӡ
Զһøƨ˰ͷ˰ҲҪģүҲҪӣػǱ󡣡
̾˿һһ
Զƽȥ֪»ػܲҵ
ԶѾˣ޷ˣԸ
Ǯ
ȻɣǾҪ˼˵ӡ
΢΢ҡͷҾͲ֪ˣˣȥĶҲ˵㡣
Զ򴽣ͷԷ
ҵǳʰȥ·Ϣҵʱͣ½Ų
˾סͷ
ͨµܣֻ˼һŵѡ
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ͷϻѹһݶ
Ǹˣȴϲ
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ֻܸ£Ա졣
Ǿججӵģʱӣߣָ޶أ

ϢҶ۸ոۡ
ˣԴУҪ
ȷ᲻Ըȥ
ʶ·Լȥ϶زɸű˳ȥкܴܱ裬˿ͨˡ
һ⣬뿪˳УԱǲСŪ˻ֵô죿
Ѱ졭
лҪ˵
ҶۣĺѰ


14 
ʱȻһʱض顣
õİ֣վ£ɢֻȫ
ûֻѾٿԣƺѾȫˡ
ǰԶϣĸ׵ĺһͷעųС
߰ɡ֣ޡ
ӹҲƤë⻬֮ǰȸ񿥡
֣һ˦ޣƿһ𣬳˻ǰȥ
ϵЦſǰƨֵܿˣ뿪Ϸʱ·ѡ
ˣˡݶϢҵš
Ҷ۵ڴ֪ˡ
ҽһ˰ɡҶۺȻ˵
ݶ룬ĺȻһ˿Уܹˡĸо㺦ʧȥҲҲӦǡ
صֿʱ򣬲ݶɫڵܹһңں˵Цңһ߹ȥޱس˵˽ȥ
ϹЦͻȻվı鼸仯ĿⶸȻþ
Ҳݶɫֱ߳˲ֿ⡣
˽ʲôȥݶ߹ȥڲݶСʡ
ݶ΢΢ҡͷҧгݵ˵ȥ
ϱŤͷ߳˲ֿ⡣
ݶһãԭأһСôˣĶô
վ˵ϢſڣһĨԼͷ·ϲڻҺ췿ţˣˡ
Ҷɳϣ⺰ûɡ
Ŷ롣
ֱˣֻߵǰͷкηԸ
ҶָָԼĵɳ¸˵
ɳмСϰ裬Ҷ۳ЦЦš
˿ĭӲҶ۶棬֪ԼֽŸôڣֻԼǰǱðĲ衣
мҪȥҶԼҲЩţͷһθݶôĽӴ豭һڣĬ˵գϣҲǿ󡣡
һһ뽲
Ҷ˵Լõĸ壺һ٣˽˿ɽ⣬Ȼ˺þȣȴѰҲɲ˼£ҡ
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ϣ
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Ҳߣϸ룬ǽ߲ߡ
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ЩһҲûһ
ɼϵͳġ
Ķܱˡ
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ҶûԷԲ£ܾԼ£ڱƱԼеա
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ЩǷһֺ֣ҽôáҶۣҪĶȽ϶ࡣ
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ο˱ض
ͷߵĶǹķˣͭƤǵĹʲôµģ
Ҷû뵽ܶԱôˣҵЩ仯
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Щ÷ѽ̣ȻҶû̻ǰֵ֣ͲԶЩ÷ѹ
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ҶЩˣҲ˼ʱСЩԼˡ
Աæ˵˷ģСĵģ϶Сģ
Ҷ۵ͷҽҹʰȥΧ͸ٳߣ𣿡
Ա֤ҶۻǲģҿǵҪ˵ҲҪȺ֣֮ȥԺҪԱԼΪϡ
ԱǶ˵ˣǲҶۣ嶼΢΢
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͢үҲ˵ƷԣЩũ⸱ģ
ʱԲӣŽӲӵӶӵ
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ڿʵȴԽԽ
ææµµһӣԼȴһ֮ǵֻԽԽлĻ
Ҷ˵껰ûӦ׼˵䣬ȴֹԱѾ˺ۿ
̫ˣԲһ𣬵еͷǵľˡ


15 
紵ݵֻͣů磬ӭ洵δһ˿⡣
һˣǴƺѣÿ˶һ˶İŲڰ͹ƽϣûκ˱Թ
ͷı˸ߴһСԲ̡˵ָ롣
˵˾ϣδ˵˾ϾûССһ־գ滹һ㡰ˮ֡Ǻεȵľϸɶ칤
ЪЪɣߡͣһ¡
죬㷱֦Ҷס˴⣬ֻЩ΢ߴӷ϶£ڵͶ߲Ӱ
ԱǰѰȡ·ԣɵغˮԷ
ԲʳҲû˶ʳʲô
Ҫڳ϶ܳˡšƿǺ˿ˮһ˵˿棡
˿ǺöڲݶҲ÷ŵˣκʹ׶УܳһСͣŵǣһİ࣬óԵܽ˰ͷȥ
ֺóʡ£ﲻȱ⣬ȱ߲˹ϹȻÿ춼жԱǴûÿֵˮ
ܻһֵڶ죬ڶˮǲŻǰһʣĳˡ
ÿ˶һЩ
óԣ¶ɫһζûУִ֭ࡣ
һˣܲźóԣݹˮԺмоǴģԱģеᣬã
·˵ľǳķ˺ˮ
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ǰԱѣضʳ˴˭ֹӣ
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˻ǴǡԱ촽ζû뵽н졣
ǶũԸԣ˼ҶԶݳƷ
ϼʱѿΪѿǵҪʳӵʳûԸƳֻǡ
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ԱǺȻĬˡ
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ֻһ٣
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Ĺܿ쿴ΧŻѵļˡ
һ֮£ʧɫѪɫȫޡ
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δƷˣȴҲƷ˵ĴƷ˽׳ʿֻҪǵֹ֣Сҹ䡣
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Ͼʱ䳬Ա˲ٶ
Щܴӽϵͳﲹġ
Ҷ۸ոմ򿪵ԣ׼ʱ̻ͻȻĻмš
ͺСѧʱϷ࣬ûиȫص㡣
̻ȼšһлɫĴ֡
ϲãȡùӶʸ񡣡
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ʧԭԱֶһӶ
Ҷۺԥĵȥ뿴һ﾿Щʲô
յȥҶ۾Ͳɵĺһϣ岻ǰ㣬˶Ļϡ
ڵˣ
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Ӷʱ޵ģһӶһ£͵ĹӶʱһ¡
͡
ҶĿ⡰ȰĿŵԣġͷķˡ
ҪȹӶһڣ
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ϾСǹˡ


16 
ѵõԡķ֡Ҷ۲ŷ˼ҳͱѡķḻ̾Ϊֹ
ȻЩڵƬˣֻҪͼƬͻ˵ԱԸ񰮺á
ԡ塣
ҶĲһ
ڷһСŮƬʱΪ˽ȥһ֣ͱԷһ
Ůʮ꣬һֵСԲ˾Ƥڲ԰ף۾ܴͫƺе㷺죬žͷЦЩԡ
İٶʮꣿ
Ҷۣ
һ塪Ѫ
Ҷ˿ĭ
Ѫ⣬ˡħʦ͸ˣԼһ˵ġˡ
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ڹӶҪǩͬģݺܱ֤ͬӶܹӶȫ
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Щ˶ԣԺӶˣֻܴӼֻƬֱЩ˵Լ۱ȡ
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ȾѪҾ;ܴǻȥ
Ĩ˰ᣬϥվá
˸ǿ󲻵á


17 
賿ԱѾ˯ˣаĽš
ֻҶ˯ţ¹ӶѾȥСʱӶıȴһֱûг֡
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ҶۣҪǲĻԸ˯һ䣬Ϣһͦģ֧һŵ˴
û飬ɯҲûС
ɯķǳſڵıˣݶϸɨһȾʮָɾƷҲˣ֧һŴ
Ҷûϸ˵
Ȼ˼дĲ̫ϸڸҹģӦҪϢ
㲻ҪϢҲҪʱ
ʲô¶ʡ
ڿҺɯһҪ󣺡ܸҴײҪ󲻸ߣľͷľУײĵĻ͸á
ԱҺ⣬СҸɾ
Ѫԣ䲻Ҫ󣬷סڹűɵҲǹײġ
Ҷۣȥϵͳ￴򲻵ײģֻܸľײˡ
ɯҶЦЦײһòã
ʮȻСŮòƽҶ۵в
ҶһɣѾԼ׹Ӷ˭ǲǰ˲ʣ⣬ʵڲӦǨŭСŮ
ҶҲ¶ЦݣҾǶҪҪȳԵ㶫˯
ˡѾѵ˴۵ˣ䣬׺ڼϣһжĺɫ£壬ճֱظļ
Ҷ۲ԿصİĿֱϡ
ܾǴҩļ׷ҲǾܴĿͷ
Ǵܴﵽ༫ޣȫûһļ֬ǡǡá
ûɳȭͷһȭȥûܵס
ģҶ˵ĽǼٵġ
Ҳ֪ӵģ־
ҶõʱǸУʱϿξǴ·۽ʵĸÿδŮˮëһżǵĴ
Ҳ˽˲ŮԺѡ
ϴѧҵĹϵԶˣܾһ
еʱæŴϷû뷨Ҳûʱ䡣
ȵ˴ѧΪܶԼѵҪˡ
ֱѧҵҶ۶û̸뷨ʱоڿϣΪǸҵĴС
ŮоһΪҵңѹ󣬸̸ѷ֡
͸ûⷽ뷨ˡ
ǲһ㡰Σ
ǲϢﵱլУҪʵ塣
Σյʱܶܲ졣
ҲŲҶ۵ĿһֱԼϣ΢΢̧ͷҶۡ
Ҷ۱ţЩε˵ͦá
΢΢ͷӲƽʣҪ𣿡
Ҷǳ˳飺Ͳˡ
ԭĹԱԸ񲻺á
ڿԷԸǲãǺõеͷˡ
ͷһ̧۵õĵ˴Ҷ˵·ɡ
Ҷ뿪ңϢȥ


18 
ԱʲôճƷûˣɯķмԡңϴˢҶ۾ֻһˢëһС˯¡
ҶסϢң˴ϴƷҲҪġ
Ҷ۾񿺷ܣƵ˯ţȥϴϴҶ۲Ȳʣйˣֱôϵͳģ
ɯ棬ϵͳ档
֮ǰû;˽⣬ںòס콵С޲̰ѶԷͿա
ڴϣҶøǳɫ˯£ڴͷ˯¿ϵŦûۣ̻¶ŴţɫƤڵƹ¸ԸУתͷҶۣȻƽûĮУҲֱ
йˡ˵
ҶϵЦͻȻ磬һ¾;
ܿ˵ڵʱѾʧˡ
Ҷ۵ЦϣЩãġһ
Ľ£Ҷ۲ô˵ԭ
ֱȻйˣʱĩպķʱ
Ѹٵˣ򾭹ս֣زʺϸ֣Ϊԭױϡ
ٵںȾ¡
ֵܹԽԽ٣ˮԴȱ
ڵʱĴҶ۽Ӵ񻹲
ԴĽȱǲ·ϡ
õϵͳԸעᣬΪֻͨϵͳǮڹλ潻ϵͳͨĻ
ҶԺͱסˣЩ̫˼ʣӦòһλɣ
ڡ
Ҷ˿Ȼδ£磬еܲˡ
ôãҶһʱ䣬Ѿĵˡ
˵˼ôã˯˯ɣǿ
Ҳ˽𴲡

ﱧһװ˸׼ĿܳȥͻƷ˵ϣȫ˸ķ룬ҲҪҵĻ
һ̤ţ˵Ӧǰ¶Ͼϵ˾ҲȹֻԼһѪ⣬ֻܸһˡ
Щܸȫˡ
Χ߰˸ˣǿ׳Ҳ뺷ûа㴫лƷӦеģǻпţ촽οϣȻѾѪѺۡ
ߵѾˡ
ͷһӵ˵ذ⣬ʣµĻ·ϡ
ܻڵģþá
еҲиλ㽡˶ˣźԱߵһ޶Ҳݿ£һͷݻɢңľĿŻѣûһſڳ
ڲԶҲӹѣ֪ѵͷ˵ûУҲ
Ҳ֪ʲôֻõʱԼһܴʬ塣
ֱ˱˯ȥŸ߾ٰŻѵķ򽫰ӹȥ
ȻС󣬰˸ߵԡ
˭ևQ˻ƵͻȻ
һ뱻ϳڵĶ飬ﶼڳУãȴС
ǳѹΣΪŵͷĶ
ʳﶼȥԭİװʱר̶ǲҪѰװ£ȫôسвС
û飬ҲûﲻԣϾɽĶ˼䡣
磡ǸС˳˵ļվײײߵԱߣãתͷȥ
ԭ˯ȥҲˣǻ֪ʲô͵˫ûаɡ
߹ȥԼȺΨһһǿվȵġ
Ѿ߶ԭأתͷϵİ
û˼Ķģ˭ӵģΪʲôӡ
ˮʳ
ˮڴʱǼĶʳ̫ƽʢͼ͹
һˮܾ
硱£µһɻ£Եڵء
ˣˣִ˰
չǿ̣пݵ˶ϢӳľװĹĹҵˮң硱ʶĳԶȥ
ˮ˷˻Ƶճյغ
硱ûпִʱȻŷ˾޴ˮңεϷľǼյҿᣬûŵʲôζ
СĵĳһڣȷˮԺȲĹһڣ
ҲûǸֵ
ˮ硱ˮҵݸߵˣ̫࣬㡣
Եæӹû˵Ͱˮ
ˮҺܴÿ˺һҲֻʣһС롣
Ȼ˻Ǹɿʣٺˡ
ôǺȹһˮ
ƽʱãҵҰ޺ˮӣʣԽɿʡ
ãֻܺԼ
һоС
Ȼ̲סˮȹĳ嶯ںȹˣûˡ
ˮ󣬡硱ŷˮµĶ
ǳԵġ硱Լ̲ס˿ĭ
ֵͷƬһȦƣͷǰ׵ģмֵɣŲ⣬ţ⣬ǿ͸ɰͰ͵ı
಻࣬ȴܶࡣ
֪λú硱ǿԼջĿ⣬վֺ˻ɽ־úҵֵһݣ
ڰĳҧҳ
û硱þúԸҲգ־һڴˣܽҲúôѰң־вӦط౨
ϣ־ӻͳһطʯͷϡ
Ķֻóһ㣬ָʳá
̻ʣҭҭûζȥ̽˶
־һֱֱߣƶǸӰھͶ
Ȼ֪ԷĿģǵˣӦǣƷйˡ
˼룬ζ벻Ʒйص˭Ѱôˮ
Ƿˣʲô»ǻ£ڰﶼɱɽˡ
˻ɽµļ䣬ֻƷֶҪӡ
˻մ˷ֵģڰտǶ
ҲûʶģǲҲû˼ʳ¶ǣԭ;ƣǻ˯˯ȥˡ
־ʵδֻɽϵСආֻһආжǿ־Ҳδ˵
˵Ǻ˼ҳҵүΪʵĶˡ
Ϊ˻ŵµĵ軧־żĳȥԩŭⱾةī
־˴Ҳ˼ҡ
Ǵ˽ĸýɽֽ˷žһ
־䲻ǻɽϵĴʶ֣һ˶񣬶ԴĲԼûͷҲ졣
Ǹˡ
ȭͷ롣
Ǻˡ
־ʯͷϵġǰȻһ
ֻͨҪⶫܿǺˣ
ʱ˾ͻˣ
ֻһ·ֻҪٶȹ죬ҹ̣ܸϸء
¶˾־˯ȥѡù


19 
ݶ˸磬ˣδۣ۱˯ţҪɻ
Ȼ࣬Щ˻˵;ȫĹͷ
Լ˲㣬תͷͰѲݶ˽ѡ
˼⣬Ǿˡ
ŮԱǴףŰԼҵǷֹȷѾԻɨ
ڲֿ￴ӣûҪһɡ
Ѿָ˻ˣǻָĸ죬Ҳ
տǱҪܣܳУܽ·Ǿˡ
ŮȺȥϴǵͷѾ˲٣ٲǹͷ
Ҫ˵ǲͷǼٻ
˿ڣ±ߣôİͷˣ
һͷѵܸ
ʲôŮϴЦһ˵
ݶǻˣҲ֮ǰܰ˵ÿˣͳһ˷ȳһŵ
Ǹ˵غлȳ
ȳóԣ
ЦҪ
ѵ䣬ǲŰĿŲݶ
ȻǵۻȳۺӴ˶ñֻȷ㡣
ǶٶٶˮҲô⡣
ŮԱʰϣ鲼ϰ߽˳ۻϵЦݻţͻȻԭء
ǲĵɴ˫ۣ㿴վڻԵŮͯ
ѵĺɫȹӳ԰ѪƤǳɫľڵƹֻмɫ𷢣һõٻŽҪȥϲܰŵɿ
֡йԱˡ
£ǰؾɽ˶δοˡ
ڼмʶĲݶʱֹסɲ
˿ƺʱ䶼ͣ
ֱŮͯǡ
תͷͫӡŮԱǵȫȻûںӵ
˿̶һԱǾҪɢˡ
֣֣˺
ǳУǡ˵Ķ
Աȿֺֿ⡪ǵļ˻ڲֿ
ΨһûǲݶãȻؿǰŮ
ܣʵˣܲˡ
ɯЩֵĿŹԱܵıӰԼﲻԣȻƤ԰һЩҲķɫͷǳǳ˵㣬Ҳǽɫ档
ʲôɯõǺɿԺߵݶǰӰװóһţݵ˲ݶֱߡ
Լԣֻһŵİװζ
ݶ겻ǣȲֽӶҲػ
㡢Զ㣡
ݶ˻ץһˮɯȫڲȴǽץŵþԶ㣡֣
ɯֵ֣˵ǹ
ɯ°ͣϿ˵ȷʵôǵġ
Ͳôҡɯƺʲô˵£ݶ¶һЦҪɿ𣿡
ˣҽɯɯҽܵʲô
ɯ˵ıڣԺ󶼻
ֻ˲ݶǣҲĿ־ˡ
˵Ķʲôħ֣˵Ķ֡
ǰ𷢸֣߱ȻǱץɻģ
ֻǸҲ˸ˡ
ݶڲɯ˵㡢ȻͬһͲӦûϵĶ
ɯɿգգۣõ˵һϰҵĹʿۡ
ǶԻ̫ƽݶθսʤ˿־壬˿ĭ˵ȡ͵ǷˣҲҪȸ֪ˣ
ɯԭأĬˡ
˰κɯſŲݶ۾˵ˣҵǸ´Ρ
ݶʱߵ˲ݶԣԼģͻȻӿĪšصķˣȻ֣ΪŮҲûֵɡ
οָոջѵˡ
Ĵһɼûʲôµġ
ʲô֣ݶ̲ס
ɯʵ˵ҿѪ档
ݶɴ۾Ųݶ°˵ˮ
ݶ￴ɯ԰׵ôҲܰҰ׵Ůڵˮϵһ𣬵򶨵ʲôܵ֡
˵˵ˮܳĻ
֣Ҳûгܵġ
ݶﵹɯԼѪ˶ҲҪص
صʲôµģ
ȥֿ⣬˵һݶʱ±˼ӣȫȻԼոջŵһզզʲôӣ˶֣
ݶǣȥ˵

Ҷ𴲣ľɯѾȺԱһԷĳ档
ɯǰһѪԵú𾢡
߽һЩĵݡ
㾹ȻмأŮǾȵɯ
ˮγӦװɣˮλе
ɯһѪƲǶʲôöΪСûһҿһ죬Ҫǿҵı£ڵǰʹ顣
뵽Ǹ棬ɯЦ
ŮࣺǸŮޣαǿʤ
ƢǼ޲ȥģ
أǴƢĴﵽͶûǲýš
ǻһת˵׺޷ˡ
׺ҪУҪ۸
ʱЩװҲҪװ
ɯ飿ΪʲôҪ飿
ŮҲ⣺һֱ㣿
ɯֳһѪûԼ
ŮǴʧɫܿ
ǿɲУǳȥ˼ҵӣҲҪ˵ģ
ûˣҲضҪȥԶԲء
ɯˣǲԼĲƲ
Ůǻ࿴һۣȫЦҪȻô˵ڼҴӸ޴ӷأ
ɯˣΪԼڸ׻ɷĲƲ
ŮЦˡ
ɯ˵඼ǣԿ԰ȥס
ȻҶȥɹԱǻǷҶۡ
үԱæҵվǶڳҶ۾Ϲ
Ҷۣ

ү˰ɣ
֮ǰɯûԱ˸Ϲˡ
ɯ汻ˡֻҸضȥ
ǲΪԼʲôⰮðɣ
ǻô
Ǹ̬
Ҷ۲ȥɯı飬ȫӲһúõĳ˵񡣡
ŮԱžִٵվֱ
Ҷۣԡ
Աǻ࿴ûһ˸ʶؿϵɯ
̫СѱȻ֪
ûҶ۵ɫ֪Ҷ۴ʱѾϣԼˡ
лҪ˵
ҶۣңҸضȥ
ˣ
ҶۣתͷĲһ𣿡


20 
һ˲䣬Ҷ۾ԼѾˣƮڿУڵϵֻһ߿Ƥҡ
κö˶˵ĻţûҲû𻯳ɡ
ҳԱˡɯ˴ʱŵա
ҶҲС۲ɯı顣
λûʲô飬û¶ĵ飬Ҷһ
ȻùԱǽˣΪάȷʵûз;˲֪ġԡ϶Ǳ̬
ôģٶûбϣҶֻľص֪
ǶġҶԼǺúദ
˵͡ƮϢҡ
ֻñӰͷס
ҪƮϢҵʱ򣬺Ȼססֻ־ǽڷҶ۵Ķͷϣ˵ЦЦɡ
ƹˤˣǱ̬ôˣ
ֻҪΣεľǱˣ
ĺܶԡеĳЦûƽľİοûҪ취Ա
ƽȣƺûο˵ʱȴŷ
⻰Ҷ۰־䶼˵Ŀϡ
Ҷתͷֱ˳۵˼顣
Ҷ۵֪ˣ
Ҷæ˵㲻֪ҸʱһӰͷȫҵԱûǹֻװŪİ취Ҳһ
ȽȥȥõʳҶüɫ裬Ȳơƣ
΢΢ҡͷ
Ҷۣȥ̲衣
ֻ̲裬̲ζҲлйװСϣԼš
ˣȥɯҪҪҶ뿪ǰ˵
˴ҹʲôûɯ
ȻɯѪݻһ˿ź;裬Ҳռ˴롣
Ҷ۽ʱ򻹿º˶˺ܹͬͷȷʵɯ
ôԼϣʱˣ껬ֻˣ
ѵôͿʼۻ軨ˣ
ˣҶҲܰͻȥǰԼҪԼģ
ԷĹһǧԼҪµĹʣҪⲹµĹʡ
ͬҲǩ¡
ǰԼҲԿҶǮŶ࣬ҲֻǿţҪǮ
ɯӸԱദĲŲΪòⱻųͿ־塣
Ҷ۵ͷ
ҶˣջĿ⣬ɯȥ
ɯںͲݶ˵ݶŮԱСģʮ꣬ڹŴǴɯǸСŮ
㶼İٶݶ㾪°ͣôôأ
ŮֿɶˣɯôǸСޣȻƯϾǡˡĳ࣬ƯСŮ޵ƯŮˡʵǳһϵ
ɯƺҲԼӲ⣬̧°ͣߵҪĸף
ݶֵŮġ
ɯüҲ뵱Ѫ
ݶ̾˿οע£Уһջ˵ġ
ɯҪ˵ʲôԾʹɯϰȥ
ɯŤͷšһֶԲݶ˵ȥæɡ
ݶһţѽҲ˸ɻ
ϱҵȥɨѡ
ɯߵǰ˳ǣܰ𣿡
Ŀǰۡ
ɯͻȻ̾˿
ɯ򴽣Ҳôģ֪ҪʲôҪǸͱ̫ݡ
Ǹģʲô
仰ǴʲôɯǱסβ͵èȫëըұ꣬ʲô
ðã
ɯŤͷȥ
Ҳû˵
һ£վˮԵҶ۳֡
̲軹һʳûҵ̣Ǵ֣һȫýȥ
¶Цݡ¹ԱҪģҪλøϰȫϵÿ϶ȹϵúá
ˮζİɯһ̲裬Щź˵ϲԭζġ
ҶһظˮҵĸңⱭԭζġ
ҶֿҸõĺ춹̲裬㲻ϲĻȥ㻻ζܺ
Ҳ
ɯɫ˼֣ܿͳҶ¶һЦϰá
ҶЦЦûԼɯжã˼ҸͶ˼ҲǲŽס
һ̲ѣֲǳ

ץסˣ
ڵϵʱ򲻸ŵŤͷȥѹסˡ
磡žʹ󺰵ңҳ
־ûɣϥѹųĺ󱳣ֱֻֽŤ󱳣
ڲǵóˡ
󺰣Ը磡磡ң
Ǹոո־һˡ
ײײ߹Ǹոճ˶˴Ųûôˡ
ڳ־Զ£Żľͷת˺һɳƵ˵磬ǳǰϵɽ
ץסݰ㺰ǣǣ
־ûзſݳ⸱ģֵȴ͵ģ
֪Լûֻ˵ңԼĿ
ָܺʹ־ð⣬˵
ҧϽۣҲԹǺ£ûָʹңŵǡ
Աߣ˵˳ࣺҼǵҾͨĵ軧ʱʳˮ
ųȻڣ⣬Ӳѹ
ʱ˹ٸܹӣ
ͶˣͻȻ󺰣ǲǣ
ûģĶǳ
֪Լܰ˵Ŭ̧ͷûģûĻˮͶ˳Ҫǣͱˣ
־ɿ֡
ȴûվ泯ϣͷҹգɳƵҵùȣǻɽϵˣιˮҪߡ
ʲôˣʵЩյĹӸ統߹ȥˣ
ЦһǣܳԱ㣬αٵƷˣ
ͻȻ˫ۣŭƨҳǱҲȥЩӸ統
־Ҳһߣ˼ڵոҲԣǵҲƼˣֵܼʵûʲôͼġ
˵ǹ˾㣬ĸˣ־
룬˵ʵҲûʲôѵ˻ȥͼı̧̧־ܽ
ɡү
ԭڻԵ˶
ĿҪˡ
үҪˣǲҳ
ҧ˵մˡ
ͻȻЦСɵ˰ɣʲôˣǵĹƨ
ϰճԿʲ˵ʱĶأ
ȺٵǵʱĶ
Ǳƭˣ
ɫһ䣬㹷²үɣΪʲôңǱԵ˶༸⻹Ƕͷ
־ͻȻ˵Ҳ˵ɻǼɣȻôɼﲻԽ
жˮǶҪ


21 
ݷ˲٣ͼƣͼԵͼǰ̡
ܹʵʵġ󡱣Ҫ𡰶ҲôŻԸš
Щ꣬ͷؼҪ׵ˡ
˵һԼĿ࣬Ͱ͵˵ǡˣ
־ı飬ƶڳ죬ˣαȣɼǱ˲֪Ҳں˭ãֻ֪ҪȥϷ
ԼӧڱӦǵһϷˡ
ҪЩֽҲҪϷȥԼһ档
־ͻȻ˵ãȻ˵Ҫˣ죬
һֱǵվİСȴһŴԴֱм̡
ûմ־ų۾Ϊ˾˰˰ɣ
˿ĭ˵첻Ǻ˵ĻȹΪһ
ܾܲ־ʡ
Ŵǹһˣʹسˡ
ǰɽϵʱЩ˶ֵܣ˴֮εգûһҡ
Ȼ֣ԼͲǵֵˡ
ɽͲǵֵˡ
ë
ʱžԼˡ
ǣͨǺˣǸ˰͵ﱻ˸ϳһҾֻе
촽ˮԼԼԸŶߣҵ𣿣Һ𣿣
ǵǵĶ飬ԸԼҲҪΪʲôҪô
磡ð־Ǻˣ֪Ǻˣ軧ȥٸֹ磡ԩ޳𰡣
־˸򴽵ɽ㲻ֵܡ
Ȼصͷ
ȻѾˣ㲻۸ĸݺݵ̧ͷ־ûˣʲôûУɱһǿҶУ
Դ̣ҳһ㲻Ǹӣ
־⸱¾ģֻۣɫһֿ䲻ֵܣҲй֮ͬ꣬ǲˣҲǿ㣬ֻҪˣȥλĶҪҪ
Ͳˣŵؿ־ҽɱˣ
־ҡͷ㲻ǵˣղ񣬿ʵݲҲ̽㡣
Ǹӣû뵽ӡȻо֮硣
ˣ૵̽
־ҲûлɽϵֵܶȥϷʣ⼸󣬻һȥϷأǵȻҪС¡
ǲ֮־顣
ߵһƲȻƲΪò࣬ҲûͷĶ¶
־ŵֱߣ΢ͷЩƽʳһͭҲҪģֻҪܶ໻ʳУãʳƥҲУݣܹһƥ
˵ţ־ʹ˰
һƲƿ¶ͷƲӲӵĽӡ
ŵȴֿƲס˿СүҮⱲûôΡ
ٽϻǶŸɫʯе˶֪Щֵƣºüɽͷ
ô֪ɽôǮ
־ЩЩ̰Щ̰īá
Щ٣
־ֵ֣ܣЩ㣬壬Ҳ㣬ֻǸ
ոձ־ѹڵϣӲŲӵúʱеĴˣǰֻô΢Ӳĳ
ߣұ㡣־˫ۡ
־Ҳ㡣
̽վ־°ưСسˣ˵ֱߣȻת񱼡
ֻԼͶߵķôȵȴ亹ˮʪıģҲȵҹܵ˿־
ܣǰܣ
ֱҲܲˣһƨ˵ϣŤͷȥԼʱ·
˸־ƭ
Ĩһܣؿʹ
˺һڿϤĹʱ·
ҵʱ
ôҶˣһֱڲԶų־ҶԳ֣ôҲҪȥƴһƴ
Ⱥ˲ճ˵㶫ˮǵĶ֣
ָ֣Ҳû˵ܶŶӵĸ֡
Ⱥ˰ѳˣ˳һȻһƥֵҰڽܵ÷ɿ죬ںͷ׷ôá
ãǸҡ
ޱ飺㡣
׳ʲô£ʲôΪץַ㣿ʲôʡ
ԱҲվԱעӳƺ˵Ǳѳ
챿˵˽ʱŰ˵ס
üǰʶɽ磬ٰ˼İ֮￴
ɵƻԼˮˮ
ЩҲմĶҲ֪Ǹòһˡ
ѵôմŻŭĿգ
𾪵԰Сӣ֪ŭĿա
⣬˵Ȼȥô˵ˣ»Ҳ֪Щա
ôˡ
ˣҾó˵е
˵ҪˣţΪɱ˵ˣӦҲƣ
ҡѵʱҲɱһ롢Ķˣ˻ҡ
һ˵ˣƽչΪʵ޶ҲʵˣһӶ򲻳һƨôҲɱˡ
˽Ͱ͵˵ŪٰҶӰȥ⣬ҡûӡ
ûӣҲɱҾ͡
Ұڰ֣˵ˣ˼㣬Ϊ㱾ԺãҲͶһ̥ǰ¶
Ǳ߰գ

ôࡣҶ۸ԼĴһСǹ
üô󣿡
Ҷתͷ˫۷ŹؿҲùϵͳףһǹǮܴܲ
ˡ
΢΢ҡͷӶϵǰҶܻԭλ档
Ҷۣ
ԭΪʡǮǸð취
û뵽ϵͳܰƤ·ˡ
Ҷ̾˿̫ƫƧֻģҵǹ˳ȥˣҲ֪ĶˣҲǲǣǮĿԴǮ
ܿϰҪǵǰܲ
ǲǡ
һʮʮ鶼á
Ҷ۱ԹȻ˵ֵܴǮĶ
ҶۿЦ̫ˣܳȥշ
ĿƵҶ۵
շ


22 
һʱദҶ۶ɯ˽һ˽⡣
ɯʱڵͣǼСĺӣԼҲСһȻѪΪϰ졣
ССסİٶ꣬ʱ˵»˲Υ͸С
һŹѱȴº͡
ֵǣԱԸ׽Ϊ֡ɯ
ȴԸ׽
ҶΪ˲ñֻʱʱ˵ûӪĻ
ضܸˣҶϢġ
ɳϣϰݺõ̲ʳҶʣ໹û
غˮԴĸ
Ҷ۲Ҫ޷ֻʲô
ӣƤӰԵЩ΢ζ˲㣬ڡ
ƽ˵ûȾؿԡ
Ҷۣסĵطأ
Ƭ̣΢΢ҡͷ
ҶѾʶ˵ʲôͷһ׳ԼʣڵõӶϵͳǰʲô
ҳA35ءѰõӷֳ룬һҶۡ
ҶʶĽסлл
˵A35ûֲˮԴ
Ҷۣǿˮȥ˻
ҡͷҶһۣڵͫޱϲһ׵Ŀݾûĵطû
Ҷۣ
ͷ
˳ǣ¶һǶǵЦ
ҶûмȥСʣ㻹ҪҪˮ
΢΢ͷʲôԡ
Ҷ߳Ϣҡ
ٵӰѧƷйطĵӰҲǲпᰵڵĻԴʣôһʱΪ˻ȥȻֹ
ЭͬǰԴ󲿷˵
ʱȻ޷ǰᡣ
ֻԴ٣ѭ
ҶۿӰС˵ʱܹ⣬Ҳṹʲôģе
úʵ˵ĸйپ¡
ҶˮʱЩڡαʵôϸֻҪԷúùܱİȫˣֲԷףôȫ
ϾкͬģԷǸˡ벻Ầ
صϢҺҶûйλ⡣
Ǵ򿪵Ӻһ𿴵Ӱ
ҪֵʱҶ˳⴫ĽŲ
˵ϢôҲӦĶɲ֪ʲôʱʼΧһУȻ㲻ǧ˳Ҷ۾ö˵Ҳˡ
տʼҶۻ棬ʱ˾;ûʲô˵ġ
Ҳûʲôʵʵĺôֻߵøӡ
ҳȥҶվ
ҲҶһ˳ȥ
Ҷۿ첽ߵſڣѾպǹ֪ոĶɯҲ˹ûдֻԭЩ΢ͫѾ˰ɫ
Ҷ⣬˶˲ɱ׼
ˣ˵Ҷ۽¡
ǱǴţıʹʱ˵ĸо
ƺѵþȣֱǸ̻̲յĿˡ
ǴŴƺһ·ܻġ
ҶѾˣЩɯԹԱǽûʲôӦûгЦҶҲ𽥲ٰƺ¡
ԣĲԣûʲô˺εġ
ǼеӣҶۻΪʲôΣգüʣôˣʲôˣ
һ˲䣬ҶԲ˺ܶǿΣա
Ϯˣɽˣ
ˣҴȺŽ渵
ҲѴ˰ӲӵμϹҶ۵ۡ
ĸȻҲӣΪӱֵҲǷУûó
赹ΣҲǶָôӵĿʽ
ϡʶ㡱ҶۣʱܹɽǴסˡ
ǿ²ֹЩҲȥſڵĳվҶǰ΢ͷ˵Ҫͼ֮ȥϷȴЩģĶӦɡ
˵ԼĲ²⣺ӰʱֵϢ
ҶԣΪԼ䣬Ͼ˼ʮϰա
Щ¶˵Ҫ
ȻҶ۶νġʱ֡⣬ֲ⽨ưԣֻǮ
ҼҶ۲˵СȻɽˣ˵δҽᣬɱĶ̰ٺΪʵĸ֪ܲܡǲܣٰѶͻȥ
ǰǮջ󣬡ܡֲѿڶ
ҶŬԼ
оԼˡ
ǶΪҶ㲻֪£ҶҲʱԼ̨
Ҷ˼ʱһҲĴɯ
ԼΪҶڳԱǲûоŵܣֻҲɯŵɷס
Ҷ飬֪ϻи߱ǽ𷢵ĺˣȻҲһɯֻ߹
Ҷװģ˼Ƭ̺˵ȥϢаš
һ˼һȥ˳кš
뿪ǰҶ۾͸ǿصкֱӽȥҪȥųϴϸɾ·
ô˳飬ɱ֪ҪĶƿ
ȣˮϴҲð
ߺǰװεİ
ɯҲ߹ȥԶЩȤ
صԭλֻҶ۸ǵĹʿܴȥ˵ҲǽɫʯͷɯֻİٶѪԣǲȱġ
áɯŽοյķƣҪܰĹȥͺˡ
Ҷۣûкù
ɯʼ磺඼
ʭӡ
Ҷۣ
ϻǱ˰ɡ
Ҷʷѧһ㣬ʷһеһ㣬ˣ˽ͯĳǱŮס
û뵽ɯڵ͹ʭӡ
ô˵𣿡
ҶɣȺ˰ǷŻˣӦò㻵ˡ
Ҷתһ룬üͷ΢΢ЩӦѣ϶򲻹ǣʱ򣬽鱦ͭǲһġ
ǲȷûҶ°ͳ˼
֪Ͳ˵ԼҪˣԼԼ˼
ֱ˵ˡ
ͻȻ˵˵ǼգҲøǽԭ򡣡
ҶãĿΪʲô
еԻ·
ƽԼ˼ΪʲôǼգͲЩ˵Ǻǻˡ
ҶۻȻ򣺡תעУ
Ҳټڶ棬õ𴩡
Ҷ۳˸Ĵָûѿ佱Ļ˵ɯͻȻ£ӰŵһԣͷҶ˵ѡˡ
ɯ˫۾дȸԾ
Ҷۣ
ʲô˼ҿ

ս磬񵲵ס⣬ȴס˷ӿ
磬ǻ𣿡һˮ˵һˮʵֻ촽մһ㡣
־Ц֪
̲סüңˣɴʱҲ䲻ƥڿǣͲ÷ߣȻֵܣǳԿ࣬ȥĵ
־ƬɱҭġƬ˳ǣ£һ
£һ
ˣܶһѣֻҪǾͶܻȥ
־Զ۵գһȥ
ǳ;棬ƥԾͷΪ˴ʱ˿ڴ˵ص
Сˡˡܷһຣຣ


23 
ɨǹɨҶµĽΣɨƬ̺ʧӰ١
Ҷ˸ۣûанȫǮһַڲֿ⡣
ǹӵϻʣһʮ
ʱеźˣϾЩִۡϾǹŶôҲܸǧϵ롣
Ҫ˵ʱۣ黭ЩֵǮ
ϾײϰмҲͨҪôﻻҪôͭ塣
ΪԳ䵱ҵĹֻϲͨҲֻϲõ
ϲ˵黭ֵǻǮĶ
֮¾ûôֵǮˡ
Ȼλ治ǺֵǮһλֵǮˣ
Ҷۻǵɯ˵ڵλ棬岻ȱպܲʱһת֣Լ
ϵͳҶڵǰ˵Ի
ߵסһҶۺ˴˶û˽Ҳ˿Ϥ
ҶѾѡԵİˡкͬԼǰûôҪ
˻ǻˣʱҲҪĻ
Ҷ۲ᣬȥܵҲ
һƥʮ򡭡۸Ƭ
Ҷ۵ǲۣϻһٶƥʮ򣬸𣬶ˮ󡣡
Ȼ󣬵˼ҹԭıעǳĸ
Ҷ۲Ҳ֪õȫĸĸٶȸȶҲǿϼֵǧĺĸ
ϵͳѵġ
滹ʮĻҶ۾ҵˡ
ˮЩǮҲϣҲнӽʮӯҶ۲̰ģѾܶˣ֮ǰ롣
Ҷ빺˹򽡣һɵαһԼ˵Ǯ˵ĸоá
Դֻ㹻ɲܻصԭλҶеϣͶǮϡ
ǮԽ࣬Խ࣬ĶԽࡣ
ԽȫԽãԽϣؼҡ
ôǮĿԾλ滹ֻŹλ棬ȻûʾҶۻǴԼ³ԭ򡪡
һֻܽλ棬ǰλܽµص㡣
Ҷ۲׼̡
λйŴϤ׼ٽλԾ
ֻһɲȥġ

⼸Ǻ˼ҵĶҿɯԼһСΣЩɽ˵ʱ򻹸ǡ
Ҳ˵־ǱضǺ˵Ļˣ磬ҪҾͲȥˡ
־˵Ҳ߸˶ĵ׼򣬻ԺһجΣμԼ־ǰƤһ̲⡣
ȴǵˣ
˸£ǰġ
ţݶԱߴչȵ˳һۣŶ˵ǾͲóȥ˼ˣʲôη֮ģ
ںɵչȥǻҲˡݶҲ֪мͷͷᣬΪԼȡҵã̬ת˲١
ݶߵʱѲݶϣҾ͸ǳ⡣
һ㶣С˵ãݶǸһȺ·㡣
ݶҲŮԿأȺҪǵ·϶ԲݶʲôǾ͵ͷû˱˵ˡ
Ҿһˣݶ̾˿ڵʱܿҪҲˣզ죿
ң㲻ˣݶҲɨ𣿡
ݶҡͷûԼ⣬Լһá
ǴȥչԼ⣬ԿࡣݶһƬĸ֮ġ
Щǿ˰ɡ
ݶóһϺӣΪҶǽѣҶҲûٶ
ݶһİѶó
ܷŸˮҲжƽĽޣвС
ЩҶۿҪ͸ģݶʲࡣ
˼˹ʣҲЩԸʳ·
ôһȥûӶֻʡ
ݶ￴Զݶɯһ죬Ŀ˵ɯȻ֣ҲǸŮޣʶ㣬ʲô¡
ɯԶУĸĸҲȻΪġݶĸģ˺һʱѵһ𣿡
񣬼ȢҲ£ǲݶһӲˣѵһӴڳﲻҳȥݶ￴ңҲи׵ġ
ջǵͷ
뵽ԼĹ
ȻĹﻹǸޣΪԼҹѾһֻ̤š
Ȼˣ㲻ͨҲܵĿʶĴãͬݶĻҲҪ
ܳŮǲŽйҫأ
˲ݶĽޣ˿֣Ҳֱһ
ݶϱˣЦŶ˵ǼйģҲ¹Կ࣬ǰָ޸˼ңɲɡ
˰ѲݶĻȥˣ˵еҹﻹСʮٴȥ
ҹǰڴʱĺ֣ԭһˤôǿҲǱ¡
ҹǰѧ廨ûѧʲôԧѼӣŻѼӣû廨ı£Ҫҹѧɡ
ݶ˵Ҿ֪ǶǺõģ
ڴʱ򣬼ҼһĹﶼӣĸǣΪǸɻͼ޳ȥҲΪﻻһǮڹպôǲĵġ
ϾǮޣĸľҲޣҪܴڽӴСӣﻹܹ˵Ѿͷ
ЩΣͷûԼҹɼӵġ
ܴܲݶ·
Ǹɯ֣ҿˡҳɺ
ݶһˮ˵ҪѪܻЩӸһԷҲֻѪ
ÿŹ֣˳ôߵıӸʲô
۾Ҳ֣źء
Ҳ
ݶ磬Ҳ֪ʲô
ݶﵨӴ˲٣ΪԼɯֶˡ
ǣ˵ֶĹŮֲ
ΪɯǸ;ֶ¡

ˡݶͣ±ĶչȥָɯҪҪߴ
ɯôҲȥݶѽִˣ
ɯİƷݸݶҴɡ
ݶӹ̾㿴ˣҪ
ݶһ߱һʣ㲻ã
ɯֻĸףûиס
ݶæ˵Ҳǹ⡭
ɯڰ֣ûʲôĸҲûС
ݶ
ھɯˣĸǸѸãɼּҲбľ
㻹ֵܡݶοȻڶ㲻ãֻҪǺãǾͻá
ɯĿתضŲݶϵĶ̫һҪȫɱ⡣
ݶһõ͵˵ϡ㤵ؿɯ㡢㡭
ɯȻ˵ĸֻһƲֻô࣬ǶֲãҲɱôõƲ
ݶ
ɯͺˣ
ȻǲݱģǷŵϣβһ
ֻһ£ɯҲ㾫ˡ
ݶ
ѵҰˮɯ˵ҵֱۺȺڵҵ࣬ңΪʲôҪǺã
ݶŵþʧ룺ΪʲôҪô㣿
ɯûʲô仯ֻƽؽΪСΪǼĳ裬ӦñĲдƷƺֻҪɱңܱǿ˵òЦ
ûŪҡɯ΢䣬ҪŪǡ
һҪǳҳԹĿͷɱǡ
ɯֵŹ㣬뺦㣬ѵ㻹ܶǺ𣿡
ݶҸͬھ
Ȼ£ݶǳŮĸûпܵҲԸĻż֣Ҳ˺ԼȻܲɯί
ɯЦǵһ˵ֻġ
ԣǵڶ
Ժ㡣ɯͻȻ˵Сˡ
ݶЩԥû˵Ůӽݵģֻϸ׵ģҪﵱ
ҡ㿴űС
ɯûϸݶɯɽ㡣

ƥҹһ֣ƥɫ׳缫ˣǸʱȫͬЩûô׳ûô⻬Ƥë
ȻҶ۲ֶƺȻ;ܶǵ
ҶĸͷϵһëҪʱȻҪȥһȦ
û취Ҷѧʱûʱȥѧ
ϵͳѵģ㶼ѾˣҲˣ͵˷۳ɽӡ
ҪѧҶۼس˵ʣ᲻
ᡣ
Ҷʵ֮ǰӻʱѧģ
ͷλĴ߶ֻ¿ţЩλ滹ûӡ
Ҷһ¿ӡ
šɡ
ˡǻ𣿡ҶۺȻ뵽⡣
ǲΪ⣺Ǿ㲻Ҳǣ
ΪˮҶۻ˿еľᣬ֣̥ͨö࣬ڸ·¶ʻõ̥ܷɢ
дúһ̥ѹȥҲκ𺦡
ԭҶۻΪδĲû뵽һ䡱̥Ͷ
װʳˮ˳ԵģԵġ
ֻϣЩ˶һ㣬ô˧ҪҲ̫ˡ
Ҷû뵽ǣȥͻ⣬ݶɯҲҪȥ
ֻвݶһŮԣǲһȺү·ģǸʵ⣬ΪǺˣֻҪһòĵطͲ˲ݶȫ
ɯڵ֪ݶҪȥԺҲԸ£ɯڣҶ۲ſϵͷ
ȻûûɯӣѪٲҲӦˢӣɯʮŮȻԸȥ϶гİա
˲ѪӿﻹǵгС
ǼȻҪһȥҲһѧѧҶۻͷҪܡ
ڲݶԱߣոҶۺ˵ʱѹ
ɯһ
ݶнС˵һţ
ţôܲţ
Ҷۣ
üһԼʲôᡣ
ݶҶӣֻ
ܶЩ˵ЩҲǸȥɡ
˵Ҳܽҵأ
ݶԼҲû뵽ᱻҵĶ顪£ȥϰĻұ粵Ҳ˵Լȥ
ǲݶֻʵʵѡѡ˺ðѡ
ĵãϾСõҲûֻ񣬶ѡͲø˽ⲫ
ݶⲻģֻûá
ҺûиɽԸһȥ
ݶɯ֣С˵㣬Һ¡
ɯһֻĲݶֱο£ұ㣬˭Ҷ㣬ɱȫҡ
ݶ
ˡ
ɯҵ˵Ȥʱݶ˵ҪϾ£Ҳ˵㡱
кͬԼɯֱӸݶһڡ
Ͳǽ㣬ֱʹˡ


24 
ˣ̫һ̣ƺԤʾűյֶһ졣
ȴҲֻǶһ졣
־ϣʳȻ㹻ǳһʱ䣬ˮȴ
ȶֻǰʱˮ·Ҫ˸ɡ
ûˮʱƺ̣ˮԺʵٶȾ͸졣
־ϷѾˣôȥûеһȻ˵ҲѾԼˡ
üޣȴԵĻûС
õ־о񣬴Ӱ쵽ҹÿֻ˵һ仰
ѵʱҲԽԽ̣⸽Ұ޶׹ˣͳ·ߵĸʬ
־˫ʧȥ˽ࡣ
ʵʵĴʧ
ǡڴʱ
Ƴգ˻ڲԶ
ɹֿ϶
־Ȼǰһڣãŷվ
ڵϵҲվ
ȫķ
Ǽ˴ĳ
ڻɳããĹٵϣһƥɫĿԾ⣬Ƥëһߣ·ǳʵڿʱƺܷԾȺɽ롣
ɫβԾһɢеķ
þ춯أƲĿ⡣
־̲ס૵
񿴵İĹҴ˵ֻÿĽ
㣡㣡ǰ־ǿֻƨɺͷһˡ
һûһġһ¿
ݶ˵ţȴ
ʱݳƷûйص˻⣬ٵٵĳŶֻţǴٹǵרƷһƥֵǡ
տʼǻǣߣһ·ƽ̹ƥ⣬ʼǻ֪չˡ࣬Զ˱ͣ˵ȡ
ȺĩǲԸٺ־Ǵ򽻵
־ŵؿͣ·м˿ĭ
ʵԻϣʱģԼֻˡ
ŶԷֻҪܳһƥһƥ͹ˣ
ʱõֵܴŶߡ
ƥҲǺӵȵС
ڳǰֻȽű֪˾ȥǮԻһǳء
ȴƥ
ƥų
־ʱǳӣĿעЩռݡ
Ҵߵ־Ǹǰ
־⣬˶ʶĺһȻߣԱԳǿ׳οǾȻŮˣԣСѾͷɼǶȻӵвٵĵ
׳ʿҳ־ȭ
ҲýжԷʲô֪ԷʹС׳ʿܲ
һƥиˮ˵ǵһ㣬ȱ©Ǳȥˡ
Ҵӱȡ°Ѱݵ־ǰ˵Щգǿһ
־ȥӰȴڽӹһվȣˤ˵ϡ
Ǳ־һ־ߵ˶壬֪־ܲˡ
־˫Ĵ˰
Ӳӵӳ־˫ɴ󣬲ŵص˵ϡ
һĽֻ⼸Ǻ˼ҵĶ
ʣµȫ̰Ĳ֮ơ
ЩǻɽֵǽٴˣȻûɶԻɽ˵ϴɾ۵㣬ƺʵ˵ͷֵͨܲʲôɶ־־ڵϵ˵ҹ¡
ôΣһ۾ϳ⼸Դ
Ҳ־ı³ЩԴһֱõ˽֪̾
ʱ˿̣־ԴɻʵΪҪҵȣ
ΪѾɾˣ˺ˣ㲻ܳΪˣþȡ
ο⻹֪£ɽôֵܣ˵Ǻˣ˵ûˣɱˣδʱҴƱοˡ
ңΪ׳ʿ˰ա
־ЦĳˣպҪɱˡ
ȴ˵˴δˣ׳ʿԷƱɱǶˣֺγǾˮ𣿡
־ڰ֣Ը̸
ҵĲ˳ᣬʱע⵽ӣӣȵǳĶһͰͰˮ˵ĸǵĿȫűķźˡ
һǻǻԵʱȴͻȻ콵ơ
־˫ֹסز³ʱŲȣҪҷţҪ
ǰʮ꣬־˳˳ˮĶӣվͨϰ󼰲λϡ
һƸеӣϧСߵ۸
֪ԼųȥõǴǶԡ
İҵΪһ
ȻļˣȴȲǼҵĵ軧
ĸĸڻɽϻ̻̲գҹڵĳ͢˷ˣȵĺӺȻңɼ
˶ڿηǿȨǸˡ
ֻԼ֪Ҫٶ
ĸĸϴ棬ֵܽòٸ˵ĵ軧Ҳм
ȥã軧ʵʵֵعӡ
ȥãҵ乫軧Ҳϳ˼ŵأǳֵʲôᣬȥ⵽
һʱûдκκý˻ҵ˵軧ǵ·üҪɽˣأӸ֮ҵүΪȺĶ
ûԼˣҲ֪Լʲô
軧ͷС뵱ӣ
־Ҳ𰸣ֻһߵڣƺֻҪߵͷ֪ԼʱĵǴǶԡ
л־ҵ۾˿зţĳƽϷΪһ񣬽𡣡
ҡͷҲأŲˣǷ˶ں
־૵ɰ
ȡˮȰɡҴӳһͰˮˮľͰװţ׳þбѳ֣ŲȡˮĹ
־ҲȲóϱõıӣνյڴʹ
ȵ־Լһȫˮ·ˮϻζ
ںȵ˱㣬ϢҲվԭء
ңǼ飬ҵˡ
־Ȼг˳֡
Ⱥ󷽵ĳŲӲԸӦҲԸȥίʵ־ǳϹϵˣ
ȴû뵽־ֱߵǰ־񣬳ϲ΢΢֮ǰˡ
޴ҿգգۣɰͰ͵˵ҡһֵǵĶ飬պǷǣ벻Ҫϡ
־û˵άžĶ
Ҹʹ˸ɫһû־ǽӴǳĬ˳Źٵߡ
ݶСɯ㣬ˣ
Ϊأ
ûܱϺá
ɯ˸Ƿݶǣ֣һ۾һ˵ţˡ
˵һ£γʵûֵء
ݶһ¶Цɼھأ
ɯҲ΢΢ͷʾͬ
ϰӣϰ̨һñڵĹ׼
ֻ־վԭأ鸴ӵؿǵıӰ
־Ӭɰ

ϼɣɢƱϼһɫӵһ̣˺Ϊ֮һϡ
Ϣɡѡ˵ط
ҹӲ·ǿֵ磬Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ʹá
ο·ѾˣûҪǱҪĳʱϵУʵڲż
Աɵó¶ˮԼϺ󽻸Աߵˡ
ҲԼ̫㣬ǺˣϾҧǺǸܡ
ǳҲջ𡪡̫ȣоǿԼ
ֻԸγвݶǵ׼ˣϸɱɣûʱ򣬶˲õˡ
Ҳ÷ˣҳ˿ˣЦǰ᲻÷š
ݶǲҲ֪ικͶ󰡣үҶ᲻÷̫࣡
ЦǰҼζҶţ
ϼʱΪ˵ͣ첻Ҫϣʱֵõǣ
ͺ֥եģǵö֥եһСƿ
ӳҲࡣ̾Ͳ࣬þ͹󣬾û𡣡
ٶһǮȥʱ죬˭Ըͣ
ңҼҵեͷǰ̣ⲻãѹͼۣԼҲҶ͡
ʲôͶԵãͶ֥ͣʲôͣˮˣҲöϡ
ݶԱСƵõͷ
֥ͣ˵ʱһЩúܣ
ĩҲǺöǲܶţҪԳ
˵ţһֱĬɯͻȻվ۾ͻȻó죬ȥȫǰ㣬촽һֱߣ˵ˡ
㶣ҲСʣ𣿡
ɯʮˣȫˣŵ͸ͷ
˲صɴ۾˷׷׻ǶȻ֪ܻдʱûԹûо飬޷ֵĿ־塣
ʮˣǵĲ֪
Ҳˣ䡢
ݶҵȥԼΪңõһ˵ϡ
ɯȻ侲
ڣʲôȺøպãԸ֡
ģɯСȴ˹Աġ
ǻóԱ˵ˣҸطڻһų͵Ŀ
ıͬˣٴζǿǴʱǱ䣬öԷûˣԼ˵ˡ
ݶᣬû뵽ԼһŮﾹȻҪϡս
ɯĪӵһ
ɽڣӦ˰ɣ
ֻҪС
ܿӳǵ
ʱԺúȺãǵҹä֢Ѿǰôˡ
ҰѵԼǰվǰŵΪΧ£
ʧˣȺ˻
ںڰڻ£ԷڿǣȴԷںδ
õİ취ʵɢӿԷúڰҲܡ
ɯȻû׼ӡ
ףϿɾˣǵв˶֪ȥ·
ɯͫңһһ֪ɯ뷨ŴƲ뷨רעĿ֡
֦ȶϵﴫ
ݶ߶µضڶŬԼ򶨣ɲָӡ
ɯ˵ˡ
֪˭˵һǶһ̴ٵʹ˲˲ʧ
Էͨˣ
ͨ˾ûٵĹ
ɯûиԱǶʱ䣬ͻȻ
˻һǻĲݶʶĳǰ
װʮ֧ݶûӦʱװļˡ
װ꣬һ̧ͷͿ˳˳
һжˣֻЩ˺ƵǧװڶԽżԽʹóļһأֻܹڵװ
ֻߡϡһóס˶Էӹĸӣֱ÷飬˲֣Էȴܿ˸źĸͷ
صһ̣ʶıۡ
Ҫˡ


25 
ڰУӶӵ˴ĴԷȴĲԷжߴ󣬾һɲǣҽֱվԭأȴԼȶˡ
ͻ
飡
һ죬ûеȵҪһӣ֪ĵڵϣƨϴĴʹǣҲʹǰһĻ
ССȰ߸ԾĽɫڵס¹⣬԰׵Ƥ˫Ѫ۾ָ֦ϸָϹһƬѪ⡣
ѪҾʧȥãȻĿǰľѾֹͣת
ɯһŲڱߵ˱ϣͻȻ
СĹ򵹸ߴ׳׵Ļ಻ڡ
ֹǣд﹥ˡ
ɯָ£˵ıĺݺݴ˽ȥ
ָ״ƤͷƤ졣
˶ͣĶɯô׵Ľ˵Ӻ󱳳˳
ɯֽǿŻӵһԣ̧֣۾ָܵѪ
ʱһйȴ˵ֹ¡
ʲôɯԼһļžüǿ䣬ͻ֣ûңͻ߲ܴδζҡ
ҵɤǱһֻסһ
֣˴һ
ʱ֦˷
ɯûٹ̱ܵŵǡ
˫ȵļһֽŤķʽͣϸݵ˫ͻȻûܿôܳȥģֻһʮǧⴵ硣
ܣʲôˣǼҲŲѪζֻһ֡ܣ
ܵԽԶԽãǿɲԽԶԽã
ǵʿǺУҲţֻһˣԸĹ
ȫ˰ɣ
ʵܲˡ
ո񱼣ȫһ֣ȫͻȻʧ
ϣϵشŴΪԼҪҲȥ
ҿܵ죬ôˣһɳƵŮͻȻ
һ㶣ܲ
ͻȻӦ˹ֱشԭء
ߵĶԷ
¹ҫ¿壬Ǹкһ㳤СȴȻͬѪͫף˻Ҫ԰׵գָףڸ߿ˡˡ
СɤȴǳŮ˵
ɳᣬĺͽ˲
˾ֵĿ
ɯҪ˵ʲôͼԴһᣬͷһ˵ϡ
ɯ
һʲôûأ
Щߵ߶£ԷͱϢȷԷû˶Է⣬ȷԷװΣ㷭˸ۣһȻץ϶ϵֱۣŶԷߡ
ҪûλԼ߻ȥ
ֻܿˡ

ңҸݶſ־壬ӴļóҽþƾɴǳʱҶ۶̹÷˶ᡣ
˲ݶ⣬˶ά֮ǰĶǻûܴɯǵг
ɣ촽ʣˮǡָôأ
ݶˮ´Ѫ۵˿ڣϸϸոյĳ棬ֻ˵İٶ꣬ӦǱѰˮġ
ֻ֪ɯ֣ȴһֱûϸʣδϵԷȻİٶΪ
ˣ֣Ҳ¡һϥվЩҪɱǣŻ֣ûھ͸졣
ָǾ߱ͳʬ壺ȥԺûʣǲ˵
ˣɯԼɱ˶˸ߣֻ취
ȻΪ֪Ϊүдʱ˿Ҳʱʱ̹̿עǣֻҪǲ˵ܱסɯ
ǿ϶ġ
Сʣɯ׷ʲôȥˣ
ݶָС˵׷ȥ˰ɣҪ֪ʲôˣ˭ָʹֻżȻǻãҪǡ
˶
ݶŴ˵ҪԤıͼĲֹǣ˶Ǳ鷳ˡ
⻰ԱǷˣأǸȥǱȡ·ԡ
ˣԲˡ
ԱЦոյĿ־һɨա
ݶࡣ
ǰЩֻ۸۸Щƾʲôȥ˵鷳
ȥˣѵ˻׸
Աǻദ˿ڣֺ˵ˮһలοһſɯ
ûаŵڿ߽ʱͳǺץ˸ġ
ֻץġץˡȫͬ˸ģ
Ե˱Χòݶȥɯ˵Լ˰˰˸⣬ѶԷϵذպú󣬲ſʼϸ顣
磬㿴ǲǡ˻ͳһö˺ͭǮ
ͫ΢ҿ
һѳǴͭǮ
ͭǮϵĳͲɾˣϡܿǶѪա
ǵģȻĲǮ
ǰʼģǷһöǮֻҪöǮ
ܴսŻ
˵ġĻùˡ
˭Ҳ֪öͭǮүǰüΣ˵Ǳ䣬ʱ̴ϡ
öͭǮǵĻ
ôбǲȥ˷ˣΪҪǣ
򴽵ǱͭƤǵĹҲҪԷˮҲȣǿѾǷˡȷͽ¡
ͽΣǰҲ
ЩǰѾսǲЩܱȵġ
Ǳֹ⼸ʮˣҵϣҹ·ȥ
ɯ֣ȴҰϣɯϡ
ԱæȥֵͲңô죿
ңȥ
ŪѣǣŻȥС˵ղӣҲֻɯϵöһ·ţ»ûУ˱ˡ
ͷ磬ܵ
ҲԵãֻ˵ˮãȥУٸ⣬ʵڲУûġ
оš̡ԱɯԲݶ˵ܵ죬Ҿ׷ȥˣûܡ
ӣ֪͸ýһ
ԡɯͻȻҺû
ݶԺԺʱ˵ĻλɽĻ͸ˣҲʣֻͷ
ҲʡΪԼɽǸС֣û뵽ɽ㾹ȻɱĴ֡
ݶŲӣֹסη壬־üȻѾݣͲɯ
ɯİ
ݶС˵㣬ָհɡ
ɯԼźļָףЦոˣ㿴ˡ
ɯ̾ǲУҪྭβܶһ档
ʱ򰡡
ݶ
ɽŶ
Ҳ˵Ǹʱ򰡡

ҶǿܻԼʲôˣϾǳȥ֮ǰԼҲ˵·ˣǻܾȵġ
Ҳû뵽ûҲûˡ
ʱġزˡ
ƣһüģĸߴ󣬱Ҷۺ㰫ԱѾܸˣҶĿӦһĵӡ
ǲһߵƽߣô˵Ҳϡ׳ʿ֡
ôõֻģҲûݳƤǣ¶ֱнʵļ⣬Ӧǳ¶ڽиǿȵѵ
ũٺãϵļ̫ԡ
ũҲȡﵰףǿʳ;ӣûܸԶ⡣
Ʊ·Ͼͱ˵ҶۡʩչƱѾΪֵͲɡ
ƸһҶۣûпҶ۵㡰ͨһأָҶۿͷ
Ҷ۸ݶʹ˸ɫݶ￴ŶĳѪųˡ
ҶۻǸϲݶƺͻῴɫ
ʵϤҶٺ˵ܾ׼Ĳ³Ҷ۵뷨
Ҷ۶òݶܲĽָ
áɡʲôҪԼͣϸ˸߱ˣûȵڣѾ͸˵ϸ
Ȼʱ䣬ΪҲǶˣʱƶǺܸӵĶ
˲һ¡
˶Щܿ顣
ҰƼͷ˵ˣǵģ
֪һԼӡ
ɯͲݶȽȥɡҶתͷ˵ȥϴ裬ʰһ£˵ˡ
ȴȻ˵ǹĴָָк롣
ҶЩ֣Ų񰡡
ҶӡӰӾĹֶϸģƲϸȻ徫о׳
ʱĹҪܴȥҲɸ˺ԹǴʿͨʿǿ׳
ҶС˵ллѧˡ
ˮ䰣Ҷжӣ֪ٱ飬Ȼûʱ˽⣬ʵЩ
ʵҪ𣿡
ҶҲɵܸõ
˵˸ҴһƬأ
УȥҶ۳ͷ
̨ף߽ӽһ׾ţ¶ֱۼ⣬һԲֻվǣܸ˴ѹȸС
ߵǰӸµؿŶԷǹھӪͺô
һҪʱ
ľӪڡ
ˣæ˵Ѿǵˣֻĵʱǧ˵Ҫȥذòˣȥذ˲ȥǱɢ
治ɫȷҪ˵ѣ
ҧأ̧ͷ۾Ҳ˵ѣ
ҶΪƽȰ֮ͳϢʱȴ̧ȣһŽ߷˳ȥ
Ҷۣ
ǲǿˣ
ôһˣͷɳȥˣ
ⲻ
䵽˲Զĵϣ˫ȹأס֧أ³һѪ
һӰƵͷ
Ƹεѣ·ɯ֪ǸŮ֡
ڣֻǰ˱Ůָ¡
Ůֻɱȴĥ
˱ضĥ
΢üûʱգҲûʱ㳶Ϲڸһᣬ֪Ķ˵򡭡һ֪ʲô
ڻҲôʻġ
ҪȥҪԼˣҪ˶ǿҪ̡
ԼΪﲻԣΪԷʱǷ²Է
ſڵϲϿԣͻȻԶɯ
ѾܹĲݶͻȻչֻҪʵ㲻оȿ֮ģֶԸѵ᲻Ը㣿
ԸȥˣȺֵܼˮǴӴ̤Уڲϲ
һľ
ݶ˵ϹıԽԽǿˡ
ƺݶĴˣη壬ֶԲݶġŵȼϣ˵ǡ˵һǧˣΪ˷ֵܣĲİˡ
ǧȥذɹذʱѾߣȥ
㡢ɱǧ򳤣˲ݡ
³һѪ
ݶҪ˵Ȼʣǳʲô
СػصʲôʲôӪ
һ꣬̾ס
ȴ˵ǳˡ
¾Ҷ۶̲סһ£û˹ע
񣬲ǿؾܳԳģһӪжƥ˳ԣԶٶ٣
üͷһϵ⣬ûʲôǳԵˡ
Ҷۡ
˫ںڵ۾ҶۣҶۼ˲˼
˲
ϳȥǷŻɽڳоǶʱը
Թ˵ˣ
֪ԼסˣҶ۵ķ󺰣ˣˣȲѰˣ
ˣԾҪ
ƨӲ㱻ԵйԱȻ嵽ǰȭߣ˻ߵغȺħôܻôܻôˣԸ⻤ϰȥϷ
æȥйԱס
ƱñףȴϣĿҶۣˣˣ֪ˣҴˣ
ѪˡҰɣҰɣ
ԺƣһƣԺ󵱸ˣ
˵ʲô˵ʲôسɷҷţҷˣ
ŬĵЦˣҸָ·ҴȥȺˣ
Ҳ
Ҿ㽫˰ɣ
ĿҶۣҶȴûп
صȥҶۿҡ
ҽȭͷӦǡ
ûٹˣҶ۶˵
ȥ
˻صϢҺҶ۲˵֪˲ܷţҲܵǵɱ˵ʵûɱˣûñɱˣҿ
ҶۿЦ֮ǰҲΪԼˬɱˡ
ҲԼǸָ֣ʮɱһˣǧﲻۡ
ξˡҲûЦҶۣҵһɱҲ֣ϰ߾ͺá
Ҷ۳һ¡ôϰߡ
˵ľӪҶۿɳϣסԼ۾Ҫϸ롣
ô˵üֵ󻯡
ɱҲ
ɱˣȶĳ˵Ǻ¡
ùԱǾǡж񱨡
ʵǶ˱ˡ㻯ŷǶɵĹӡ
ҶʵڲԸ⡰㻯һħ
ʬԣȻ޷ܣҶ⡣
ɱ˳⣬ǣҶ۶ܽ⡣


26 
ڵúԡϴ裬ϸܵˮӻ£ϣڷĨԺǰ󱳶ĳˡ
Ҽһ˿ڣƺþ뽫롣
ˮϲˮɣԡΧ䣬߳ԡ䣬ߵ˾ǰ
Լͷǵˣ̧ߺᴥǵ˰̡
˿ڵһɲǣƺ뵽ʲô촽΢΢Ϲ
˯£򿪵ԡҵţ̧ͷ㿴ڴϣѾ˯ȥҶۡ
ҶϺķ̫ʱѡϣ۵˯˹ȥ
ͣҶ۴ߣͷŻԴ
ûоѪϴûгıƵҶڻɱˡ
һںƽˣһСܷɲܳͷӵˣҪ˵һҪɱĻǾֻҶ֡Ļ
ĿתضĿġ沿
ѾԼһɱʲôʱˣƺʱƺꡣ
ԶգǱݣҲǼײ˲ūϲ˹űĩǰҵݳ
ǵãûԥҲʹ
ǶԷѡ̫ˣ쾭塣
ǡ
ջĿ⣬ĽŲᣬᵽûаֻڿʱŷ΢ġ֨ѽ
ڵҶ۷˸ûѡ
ŰŰ֣š
ߵ˹ƵſڣմӲֿɯվţƺ˼룬˸Ƿ˵ȥɣҼȥ˯
ڸϲͲݶһ˯˯ԼĹײ
ûлӦɯҲû׼Ӧ
ɯ뿪š
ڵڣƲ֪ʲôʱϥڵϣƺӵһ㰲ȫУڿŷ͸ʱƵľü
ˣˣɳƵغ֪ˣ
ĵƣš
Ҳϣ

˯еҶۺȻоԼһ̤գʧظԺ۾
ñӸסͷ˯
Ҫ˯ŵʱſͻȻйսҶԺ۾ȥľֻ˯㣬˯´ֱϵ
Ź⣬ҶֻܿΡ
ȥĶˣҶ۴˸Ƿϲȥˣ
ȥ䡣û
ԭ˯ҶȻڴϣ쳤첲ϢĵƣڿҲϴССѾϵˡ
ոʵĻô˿ǣҶȻǹ𣿡
⣺ǰܵˡ
ԼĴߣҶһֱԼʶʲôֿȥϵһѪ飬һǳɫӡǡ
ǸǾ벻ԶҲɽһֱڼǡ
Ҷ۲ŵΧҶȥˣ˻Ҳû֡
ڵλɽǵλɽɽ·ǻˣֻһСȥⲻ㲻ϸ
ƽ˵Ҳ֪
ԡһֱƤ£Ҷ۵һ˲־巴ѣУҪǾǱȽԶǻûҪͻ
Ҷۿ۾һɽݶ
ȻԼûʲôͬҪһǿģܵõȫ
ӵһеûܺһȺѺദοһȺ˵ˡ
֮ǰѾԹд⸽ҲˣԲȥɯǡ
ǳɹˣһ
ƽһˣزס
Ҷ۴ӱعӶĹԱսԼ㡣
ҶҧڵǣǻˣޣҪǰǡ
ڵ̫ˣҲ̫
Ҷۣ뵽취ġ
üͷҶһ㶣Цһͦġ
ϰߵġ
Ҷૣ𣿿ܰɡ
֪ʲôʱܻؼңƺҪڵѰ
ĹԱмģǶΪܣ֪
ҶۺǸ࣬Сһֻûɱ˵ɱˡ
Ҷۣ죬ǹӦþ͵ˣѣǮȫˡ
̾һôôù
ô࿪еˣô
ҶͻȻʲôƻûɣ
ӣǸˡ
û
ҶҪɿ˵ˡ
Ҷ۱ԼĿˮǺסˣ˸찵ء
վҶԣĺ󱳣ЩӲ˵Ҳ顣
⻰ˣݣҶ˼Ĳ֪ô
Ҷ۰ڰ֣ȥ
վҲվ
ҶۿһȻ˵㡣
ҵûôСҶεȥü䣬ڻȽϺãʱɽҪָ·ͼҲҪܻ
üͷ΢壬ƺеڡ
֪ӦɯȥɯֱһЩ
ϧҶ۲֪ʲôȻһ˵ɯȥĻһʬˡ
ɯǲأѪ
ô죿
֮ǰɯɱΪ˱ǣԱǼ㺦£ҲɯվǵĶ档
ɯڳһûвĻɣǾˡ
ôҲ࣬һ޴ࡣ
Ҷӹ䣬ûж໰ֱҡ
ҶۿԼյ֣ȻӲʵʺɫ
ȻĳлûʽҵûܹԱƨĸоҶ۾ñƨԼָо
վſڣҶһԼԤȥš
¡Ҷŵ˲俪ڵ
ҶѾĳ
˵ڵϣֽһֿƹķʽŤָɢһԣмͷ׵ѾˣֲĹ
ƺѾˣ廹
⸱״˾ûŶԲһʹܴ࣬ƽͽѡ
ҶۿƵü۵ʱһƬϣһȦ״øɲ
Ҷ۽Ӳת
뵽̱ƹû뵽̱ƹô
Ҹ˵Ļֻһ˵ķϲ
֪ΪʲôҶ۴ƽôһί
Ҷۣûй㣬ֻҳе
ҶֽۣŻܰȥ𣿻Ѿ׶ˣ
ߵ߶£̧ͷҶۣܰȥֻ⼸춼ô
Ҷ˿ܶҲûʲôֻҪ˵С
ͻȻ˵ûͷ
˵껹źۼؿҶһۡ
Ҷۣ
ôѵӦÿϸ
ҶֻܸɰͰ͵˵ֽŽҸҩ
ֻƵʮǿ

յĶѨģѪдšԡ֡
ѨһŵɧζѨվʮˣϷʯϰһŻƤĸΡ
֣ڶм˻겻壬ȫڲƺԼֽŸôŶˣ˶߶µغ¡µͳˣ
ڻƤϵվ֣˭
ˣǡǸ˳Ůޣ
ΧԱߵǵһ
ûüʲô񣿣ԼԼ
˵ֹҡǶˣ
ָܳô˱˸զسȣƶһµĺ󱳡
˽Ͱ͵ǡǸֵӣֵĳѨ
ĸֻץסķ˷ųȥ£
֣Σ־Ͳ𣿣ͻȻз汣ӣ˽ղ֮ʲôħ֣ɱ
Ҳʳ⣬ôˣ
Ҳ񣬸ħֻйɽռֳѨǲܻȥ
̱ڵϣҲȥְҲȥ
뿪ƤΣʯףǰ𳤽ǰ㶯ҡģɱ㣡
һȥ˵Ŵ˸Դ
üž
ߵආȥ
ආǹСǰþߣֻڵһѪۡ
ġλ˵ٵˣڱҪȥڷԲˣȥǲǶ֮ǰ˽
֮ǰˣһʳȱǾͻ˵⡣
Լϵõĵ᲻ɱǹϵõأ
ôأ
Ҳܲ
ҲˣҲҲԼʱûǰϷ
ˣѾҵˡ
ԥǱϾֳѨ
ǿɶýǶ
𣬴ŭҪԣΪȥܻǾİٶֵܣһֻһֶܼ죿
Ǳ˼ȫͷտڲԡ
һһ죬벻ôԶ˵ɱƺȷʵһߵͨ·
ֲҲֻɱһдͣһӲ
һֱţοδˣʹʲô۷ҲѰ
ΪǣǴùҲ򲻹ˡɴ˫ۣŶޱȵĹ˾˵Ļ
Ȼ˵ˣֵܱȻҪϵģ
ǣʲô֣ǵ·Ǿ͵
ôӣвʳͷŮˣ
ЦҶûŮˡ
ǰǸСƤǲϧҧ˴ֻȥ򡣡
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ԶûʲôȤȢӣԴĺûаȤ
Ů˵ȤŮţһҲ£ˣĲ
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ʲôôôѰ
ǣ͢ҷ¼С
ڴ˵Ц⣺ٺòò˵˰ͱպãֵ֪ͷ֡
Ƕ˸᣺óԱٴ򡣡

һǹѡҶվڳ棬ǹЩֵ˵ƽʱϵͳǵڶŰѶôǹˣ
ѵΪǹȽϹ󣿡
ҵǹ㿴ŷ䣬лǹ͹ˡ
ҶҲܾϾǹҪҵطǹҪ͵˱־룬һ룬ǹôͲˡ
İٶˡҶ۾Լûô
ɶԷ̫ѹ
ⲫûһʤ㡣
ɽðл˶ϡ
Ҷ뵽õİ취Ϊǿ
ҪԷһֲҪǵĵơ
ɱһ֣һ֣ǵѹûô󣬶ұƵҲٸһ
ӵĻҲ֧ǵж
ûǮԭ򡣡Ҷ˰Լͷ˵ҪٸҼʮ򣬾񵯣ֻţҲ㹻סˡ
ԭΪԼǮմմϲȴǮԱ֤İȫ
µġο
Ҷ۷Լһصġ
ĻǿƨʵΪܶɹѹأԼġ
ư·ҵҶһԼͷ
ʱҪֽŲУϲɾǾ͸ͷˡ
Ҷ۱ҵͷָ⶯˶
ҶۣҸɯһǹɡ
䵭ãǹҲ鲻׼
Ҷ۵ɴ۾ֲͭǽڣⲫҲˣҲɣ
ϵٶȺܿ죬ֻҪ˵Ѫ⻹ǹͷ
ҶۣҲ۰
һ㶣ͻȻЦǰҲۡ
ҶۿѵһЦЩ񡪡ȫЦʲô
̫𣿿ǵడ
Ϊ˳ɳͬ
Ҷۣ´£㶯֮ǰ֪ܲͨһ
ҶС˵֪ȥƣǵڶ֪Ⱥ˾ɽϣҲ֪ɽ·Ҫ֪ȨϾǹ𣿡
΢΢ƫͷҶ˫˲ʧܿӦҼסˡ
Ҷ˿ļ򣺡ȥõԵģǱ߳ԱģҲ˯ˡ
ҶŵĸȳȻȥƿֺŻصϢҡ
ôģҵ·ȹȥעⲻ֡ҶۣҪϣҲֿܷжҪǱ˾Ҫ̷
ȻжֻҪһץסǾˡ
ԷʣǵĹǾ̫ˡ
Ҷ۲ɣܻӻ־Ͱ˾Ȼ
Ҷ۴ȻĸӣζһëǺԼ˶Ƥԣ̵ĲϺòȥ˵ֻҪɱǵϴӦþͻɢ
ʷôдģԣʵڲоֻ˭ɱ˭ˡ
ҶۿЦһҶû뵽һһɱֹߡ
ǸˣܳƲϺˣҲԲǻˡ
ڸɹҲǴ˼ĵֲϣ˶ûھȻҪȥɱˡ
Ҷۺһڿ֣ȳ˾ƵƣҪĺȣһ١
죬ȴû˵һ֡
ء


27 
óǹҶʱİǹһõǮģҶѾ˸ǹѡ
Ҷ۱ͨ㲥ѡõϢҡ
ȥѡһҹŪʲô취ǶҪȥҵɽ·̽һ̽ȺͽʵǵͷĿʲô
Զڲ˵´̽Ӧò¡
ôλҰЩͷԡ
ĲǸдڸеˣǿ׳˼Ҳܵÿ죬ƽû˽˸ʶ߻ôһˡ
ҳЦ˿㣬ͱȻй˵ı£αԷƱ
Щнص˵ͷ
ЩңΪҶʶ֣ǵ
ֻͨĵ軧ĸֵܣֻȢϱΪϴ
ӻ֮ǰܵǶѾȥһˣ޷ʯ飬үǰһЩǮ
ĸӻĵ·ϣʹˣһػȽźͲãƽʱô¶οǴµĸ·
ĵ˰뱲ӵϴ󣬺ɷ򣬵˵ûסĸҪס޶С
ܶԻȥˣ޶ҲûˣֻҸطһͷ
ڹԱУҲӲͷ£ͷá
ΪǸӡͻȻðͷ˵Ѫԡ
ƽտŵС£վŹơ
濴㾹ȻƢ
һ
򴽣ն˵ǳˣǾ͸
ǵԼѹڵϣ࣬ӱȺ˰ȥ£裬ĶǼֻһͷ׵С
ʱգĶ֪ԼʱôѵôҧѹסǸˡ
عʱѪζ˵Ĳ˺ҧѪģ
ûݾȫӲĶ
ԺҲǿ׳һѣ޶һȺдһ
ޣг˵ˣп޶ˣĺһֱĵף޲гһȥͬھ
ɱ˺ʲôˣȻʡ
ļ磬˵߰ɣڵǡ
αеϢҵҡġ
Ҷ⼸Ҳ˼ǹģԲ˵ѾٲȻйԱеͷͷȻ쵼֤㹻˰ġ
ܹ˽ѵøӽСһأѽ˿ʺϴ̽Ϣ̽·
䣬˻ɯƼġ
ɯΪ˶ɲ˴ǲɱˣԸçײ
ģŵСȴһŸƴġ
ͷ˭˭ɯôҶ˵һҪǲǼǿҲ嵽ˣϾȥ򣬱˲һҡ
ʱʤǿôġ
ɯЩ˵ҲɱǿѪΪƴұҪƴΪû·ͻɡ
ûԼΪʲô䡣
ҶϿ˵
Լȫûܣಫֻܲοɯ
Ҷۼ˵ĸԼĴ㡣
ǾɽҶۣǵһٲȻΣǵİȫ
ǹҶָָϵǹôá
ҶԼСѧ
ȻҶ۵׼ͷһ㣬ϾǰûùǹֻҪ빻ҲܰٷС
ֻĶͲһˡ
Ҷ۵ûԼû£Ͼܿ϶ĸĽٶȣһΪָĶĶ֡
ҶҲûнרҵѵԼʱѼϼܣҪ̫ߡ
²ţǹܴУԼҪˡ
˶û顣
Ҫȥɲ̧ͷҶۡ
Ҷ۵ͷԣҪԼȥһ
ĳУҲսԼսϵͷڹ꣬ñȥƴ
ĶͬҶ˵۹۱Ǳǹģ˽ǸʲôǱȥʲô
Ҳ˿¡һȺ˶ѣѵ˵Ķ֣
˶ǵ
ҵ˵ҵȵ޲ӡ
ҶпΣգǻȥͬ˺ú˵Щ
ңǡ
ǳȥʱҲ˵ΣգɲҲʲôû
˵ڶˣҲɯǡ
һǶԶûгƵΣյĶ
뿪ϢңЩ˵Ҫ˽ȥ죬ɼǰЩò
˵ǹǲɼҷӦҪɣ
ǹЩغұȻš
Ҳ棬ǹ״ôСɣѵ
ɼҷ˵ԽСԽ
ǸߵſڣͿ˫ֱۣǽߵǵ
üĿƺһʣʬɽѪﱼ
ȻǳĹԱǺ㲻죬ƽվҲ˵仰
Ը׽Ϊֵɯ׽ͬǷ˵
ƽտǶߡ
˵ǼɱˣӦûɱ˵ˡ
ǹηʣζ֮ȥ
˺վֱ壬Ϊ׵΢΢ͷ
һصĿյأΪǹûװϵͳǹҪ⸶ǮҶһһҹصǰ⵰Ϊ˲ɽ˷ֻ֣ҵطѵ
СֵܣǹֻΣ
ƽϾ֪ˣݡ
ң
ֵܵƢȢϱġ
ûü̾䣬Ϳ̧֣ķˡ飡һԶһ֮¡
ٶ̫죬ûп徿ʲô
ʲôɳȥˣʲô
תͷ˵ȥ
ͷųǸһͬȥ
ĿɱƿһҲɵһֵصɴ۾֮ⷨ󣡸ոճȻ棡
ԼҲŵû겻壬ŵǹɽоԼһ߼һ⡣
֪ʲôǹбգѱհ⿪۶Ҳûá
æʣʲô
Ų׽Ҳʱشָǹ˵ѱհ⵽ߣ¶FǾʱܿǹ¶Sʹڱ״̬
ϵͳǹܺãֿǺ߻
SǿߣֻҪ¶λƣζǹӵǵʱҪǵðǹıս⿪
ǹĹޡԡ
ǹֻԱĶҪһٻҪĻǹ
ΪֹҲҪ
Ҷۺ֮ǰľðƵ͵ʱ͹ԱڸߴʹûǹʱֻǹƣԶΧ㣬ɱǿ
ϧֻһѡ
Ҷ֮ǰϵͳ̳￴һģһĻǹҪ
Ǯ²ǹˡ
˵Ҫһʮǳ
˶ǹ
ôҲǹǿ
峿磬һҲûֹͣѵǹ󣬵ӵˣҶӵ㹻ˡ

󣬳ȵʱҶ׼ɽˡ
ʱ㣬ǾоģҲҹࡣ
ʱأҶ۾ͷ֮
οȵʱ˶Ҳ᲻ʲôʱڻ˯
ûаĹԱϣ̫ױ֣Сĵá
ôӣѾȥ˴Ʋֵ֪ܼܲ
Ҷʵû취ʥʱʤһУ֪ƼֲסҲֻƴ·
ƴԼҲ֪Լͷģһ˿ãϣұʱ͵˫ۿҶۣҶûп
Ҷ֪ԼǸӲˣöˣܶſĶӶֹԼȥơ
ֹƲһͬġ
Ƶֽڶã̶ֻϣʹỬȥ
ˣͻı
Ҫǰ䵱Ľɫ
ڴ󲿶ǰɯ
ƵСֶӣҶۿȽϿס
ҶۡǺ֪֮ϺˣΣʱǹܿѾ㲻ˡ
ʱҶÿ춼նǵбʵʱӡ
ֽŲֻܶܿ˵ָ·˼˵©纬Ҫֱüβ˵ʲô
ΪƸָ·壬ҶܻԶڸߴȿ·óȥ
ǾôͣͣСʱɽԵһСɽº
ԶǸöҶСԶ˵ŵ𣿡

ô֪
Ҷ۵ҲһҪ֪ȥõԲ飬ʱעǷ˵ϳ
ǸɽҶʱڵϵơ
ѾȫȻľۿ÷ԶǧҸָ·
֪ΪʲôûƼ˵뷨׽͸Ҳûоȥĥ
ǡĴ
Ҷɽİٶˣ
ơһ̸һˮˮƲɽж죬Ѱˬˮ̶
¹ˮԴõ˽͡
ҶۣǵĴҲס棿
Ƶͷֻֻд񡭡
⵹áҶתͷ˵ʱڶھС
ôΧսֻҪסڣһһĥҲܰĥ
ǸƣԼؿȥӵͼ
Ҷ۲ĵӣеѪ˳ˣ֣ѵûûӵĴ˼ң
ֲִִ˶й룬Ҷ뷨
Բٴ˵ǵһȥϷǾͽһС
ǲȥǣ޷ΪЩˣйٸ
ӲˣܸԼȥǹӣ
УҶۻӣҲҶۿǹ
ֻҪǵɺԼһͨˣǿɱ˳˵ħҴδӴƽ
𣿡ҶͻȻ𣬡Ҽǵ̳г۸ǲ󡣡
Ͼû̫ɱҶ°ͣҪ˵㣬Ļ˾ŸĻֻ
ɽСܲҶ룬Ӧ㹻ˡ
ϾûɱֻҪܹ˱ƳС
ǲǾΧţˮҶۻ˰ɡʵ̫ȵ˱Ҷ۵ռȻܸ˷Ӧʱ䡣
ɯ㲻ֱڶڵһѻ𣬿÷С
Ҷۣûռ䣬ôֲϹӡ
ɯĬ룺Ŷ
ҶЦЦȻλİٶѪеȡ
ˣ첻ˡһֱչơ
չ˵ĺܾģ¶Էڻû˵λ֮ǰۡ
ڣѾֻнûгˣֱͦͦϣ˫Ŀؿ죬һôƺֻҪ־
þ뽫־
㱼䣬ƺصڵʱʱûԹˣҲûƽ¹֡
ȻǱԹԲ⣬һϣӡ
ֻҪúõɱˣܴǮص磬򼸿أһլӣլ
ȥ̽ƵıϢ̧ͷҶۣˣûˡ
Ҷ򴽣ǿĽǶһ˵ȥʱҿذ˰ɡ
ǰܸóߵ£Ϊص֡
ûʳˣЩӪʿ䡭
ҶڻôԵĵͼ󣬾ͺһԭ·ء
ʱ򣬾Ҫסڵʱ
ȥ·ϣǹȻ˸ط˸أҶûиɱ˵ͨûֺαأ
һϵʱ򣬺Ҳˡ

ҹ١
ɽڻƤϣ¸ˮ⣬ѵܳԱӣ΢ɢһɹ㣬αϣޱһţһ˺ҧȥȻ׽
ʯµķͽΧһûоƺȣҲ΢
ϴʲôʱȥһ˾ųڵǵĴӵͨغ
ǴסɽȫĶ
϶ʼˡ
ҹ䣬ӶûУͷ̫ȡ
ˮװˮľƱͱסİֻ¶˫۴´۾Ǳˮ󽫾Ʊˤϡ
ɱķѣڵˮյġʬ塱
˺ɽɱˣŮ˺С£Ƕŵ㣬ʱǶҪȥִңûҪʰ
ǺƺѾȫԣ𽥱ޣƳҰΪֹ
ŷǣ۵һ˿м
ǨټʱֶֺȺϴɱǧŻ
Ⱥ֪ϵ׵ˣպ£һ
ǮղǵûҪǵ
ʱǾͲɽйӲд
ɱǣ


28 
Ժ󣬳һʮ˴ĵƣֻϢҺͲֿĵƻţƽʱʱ䣬ԱߣɽȴûһϢ
ƽڴߣƿ߿ֵŮι̣˵Ȼ˽ȥȥɣڳܲʲô¡
ŮӤĸĻгԱ˶ӣҰ죬³һݺſ˫ۡ
޽ḧıһŽƽ˯
˸߿㡣˽Լɷһɾ£һҪãȥϵѹۣɷ¶ޣ˫ߵҲٽǮѹ
ִͷͷţ
ΪĹִ;󣬲Žһ˶
üԼǷˡҵֱ㻹иŮ
ҿ˿Ů΢΢գֿɵЦֲȥģû˸ҵķˣ
׼ͷõ㣬ʲôܰٲңģҾܡ
Ȼδ˸ķҲ֪ȻǺö˵ֻܣԼŰ졣
Цأ
زݶҪһߡϾҲ
ݶüΪԼĲϣû֪
У֤ı¡
ûУɱܲǼ¡
ֻ֮ܳ̾һǲݶ㲻ģһĶݶȻãǻʲôúøˣʲôҲ롣
ݶ̾̣Ҫ˵ģ
ݶһĪⲻ쾭𣿷㲻Ⱥ
ݶ˰ﰥûɱˣ˵򵥡
ݶһĵ˲ݶĺϣҪʹˣȥ㿴ˣҲӻǻȥҲֲҲȮ죬ɲһ
ݶʵڲ֪Լʲôһ
Ȼ˵ˣҲҷȥҲҲȥ
ɯϵã㣬ҲµġݶͷüĿǾ࿴ѧѧˣҲ˵ұۣ벻㣬ϵʱҲܴȥŮ
ݶԴӵ֪ҾԼҹṲֻ̊ˣԾҵĹŮܵŮŮΪɶУ
ݶԹԵͷ
ԭҶΪҪɽԱһͼǱͷʹޣЩĸǷ
ȫڶӡɷ򡱡Ůúøɣȡһսȥϡ
ûһΪлΣա
Ҷ۴Ϣʮ
֮ǰһֱǹһ¾ҪҶɳϣǱȥͷ㣬ſſֱ컨壬Թ˰ͱͱڶС
ȴ˵˹ˣ¹ȥ֮أ
ҲҪǩһµĺͬܶǩ
ǿٹͼҶۣʮ¹ȥ֮ڳ¾С
ûʲôʣ뿪ûҲûǹ۲˾飬ʱͲһй㡣
Ҷգգۣ˵е
ȷʵѸٽµ鷳鷳Ÿ࣬Զ
ûȶɿʽԴҲ޷֤Լһʲôʱɡ
ҪǣȷʵҪԼ֡
Ȼ֪ȥ¸λʱЩԱ᲻һȥϣ֮ǰܸԱµʲôԼӦΣյ硣
ϾԱҲȷʵھҵҵΪ
֮ǰĸǣȥͷԼﲻǣǻԸðΣճȥ⡣
˶ΣҶﶼһ˳ӡ
ô˵һײˣҶЦ
ԭЩھȻԼĻ
㲻ԶϣϵͳҲܰԼİȫڹӶϡ
ƽкͬƣҲ굽ӣϵͳıܴªԱֻܲԶ˺㡣
Ҷ˲ãȻѵԱͲҪǮԼλ棿
ԼĿǻԭ磬ԽλóʵûаȤ
һˣûмۣԭλ滷ӵˣҪڹԱﲢټ
ҶۣҲԼ
ƽҲô
Ҷۣ
治֪ǹֱûĻ
ϾҪϡսҶ۽ôҲ˯ţõͺڴ۾ǧʱӶˣͬû˯ŵһҹ
ֱҶ۲ڱ۾˯˹ȥ
ҹת
Ҷ۱˯ǰõѡ
ʮ㣬ϢѾ߶Ҷϴųȥʱ򣬿ľѾȫװĹԱǡ
Ƕܼϲһ˿־壬ǲҪȥ˲ǲʲôش¼
ɯҲһ·ʲô·Ūɾƽʱܴ˿ȹɽΪж㣬˶Ͷ䣬ѽһӡ
ɯݶҲͬװ磬ͷûӵĳȣֻһЩɰСβСɨ㡣
Ҷһº͵سЦڻ磬Ҫȥ
æ˵ˣǳȥҸط׼ͷ
Ҷ۲޳Ҫ˶þҪˣǻȺúϢһû©Ķ
ҪɽɽҪһӲ̣οĥǹҲĥˣʵڲؽټСʱĥҲĥʲôЧ
Ҳ֣˵Ƕƿˮȥ
Ҷ۵ͷֿݶڳ㶯Ķ𣿡
Լڳʲôġ
ǵʱһꡣ
ݶﱣ֤ˣģǵһҶģҶǡ
Ҷ۵ûʣµĻ˵ֻ꣬ĵĳҶЦ
Ҷ΢΢ף˶ɢȥʳ
ʱߵʮһʱҶ۲ŴŹԱǳ
ȫװζϵˮߵߣζŲȻȣǴĶǵɽЬŰ񶼴ˡ
Ҷۿ⸱Ҫȥεģ˲ۡ
ɯſ֣ɯʲôûֻӵͻǹ
Ҷ۰ǹ䣬컭ĵͼٴ˵ɽ·
̤·һ˲䣬Ҷʰ顣
Σյս
ȥûлͷ·

ʱ֣һ˿Ŵأɽȴֻʵ⡣
ѾЩõǺ˵ڵϣҪжǴʱǷɡ
ǼŶԷռȻ
ɽ˿ʯǽ߻˯ԴСװһһ£ŶڿͷȣȻڸˬĵط˯
û˷֣һСӰڡ
ĽŲᣬⲢΪӻʱµġ
Ͳǿ׳ĸֻһŶ磬ֲ˶ٵأЩȫĸãһ˲ǿάơ
˻ɽȻܻһڱԣô˵ɽҲѣɽտʼ̻̲գɽûֻġ
һӲҸ˵ǿ׳ͬУÿÿҪѰߣö̽·ԭͲôĲøΪḡ
ԼҲû뵽⾹Ȼܱơ
СʯǽŲ˶ڣһֻСޣǽ£Ӱóİ취֮ٽһѨ
Сļˣʯع⣬
ض˻˯ƺʲôӲԺһû˸ǷֻΪɢʯ䣬۾˯
ɽһˮ̶ʵҪʲôûʲôԲʮܳԵĶûˣǳ͢˷ˣǴ԰ȫ
˿ĭȥ֮ŵվʱ·˻ȥǻڿճ죬ŲԽԽ죬ԽԽܡ
ֱ˻УŲһƨ˵ϡ
˼£
ֻ
˺һŷվɽ¡
ɽϣѾܺ˻ǹǹͨɫٵطѾĥ𣬵߱ɱʣΪЩĥԵøӲб
˶ܻǹܺ棬ҲᲶ׽ۼؿȥ
ǹôΪǹǹӦûɣ
һ׼ǣȷתͷҶ˵ûˡ
ҶֿǣǴҶ۸˸ļȻǹ󣬵ʱҲǴɱ
Զٿ죬Ҳ˱ֻҪУͱȻܸе崩һ򣬾˲Ϣ
ѵñעӣͦñֱæ˵Ƕ׼ˡ
Ҷ۳˵ͷ
Ҷ۵Ŀ»صڣ͵ã˳塣
ʳָĦǹܣ뼤棬־Įɡ
ٵս

ʲôˡ
ڵΧһûºøɣոһյĴţɽϢʱ򣬶Ը뿪ɽȥѲӣĻϾϡ
żȥѲӣҲ̫Զڸ߰ʱ
ûʲôͻȻʣʲô
ոջ̸Ц˰ˣ˶䣬ϸֱŶڵĶ
κζ̫̫࣬ӣôС
Уֺûˡ
˰ɡ
ӦĶʯͷˣҪ˵ɽͲסˣȻˮҲ̫ʪˣһӣܣҿϾҪط
ΪҸʵĵطôף
ǣ˺Ȳˮ㻹ˮ̫ࡣ
ЦҪ˵ͻȻ˵ɴ۾ݿֲʣûŵʲôζ
⻰˲䣬һɾ޴֪Ķڶ˲ϯ
ˣˣ
˿
ضһ飬ȫѣڣɫȫû
һ
ӵĺܿ죬㳯Ÿȥһ㶼ûŹ
ıߣ죡ȥ
ض˿ĭ
Ӧû˿ɣͷˣܣ
ض˱ŻĴ󵶣Զţ񱼣ɢҵͷƮȥ
ϣϾҪܳȥˣ
ضվ£һڵӰӡ
ȫվȡ
飡һ촫
ضһؿЩǼƺҲŵһϤѪζ
ľȻĵͷԼؿڡ
ûиܵʹֻؿڲӿѪ
ѪҲ¶ȡ
ԴӴδô
ɵվŸ˳Ҳǰͷظͷʲô壬Ҳˤͷ
촽źϣ˵ܣΣա
ʲôû˵Ȼء
ĵأʸǰǼ飬Ϸǵصļ꣬ڵȫ˴⬡
ѪȾ˶ڵء
ͷʲô
ոʲô
վɽϵҶҲһǹʱӲãȻⲫ̫Уõģֻ׼׼Ͳ˵ˡ
ǵµʱҶûԼɱ˵ʵС
ˣҶ
Լոû˵һƬ˵ˡ
˸
Ҷ۳̾˿Ű˸
İٶ֪Ҫȶòܽ
ŬԼȥڵµʬ壬ֻԼҪˡ
ǲݶƺ˺޸дϾõɱģûָԷƶǣȫûκδ
Ǽˣӻĵ·ɽҰʬ塣
˵˶ᱻڳ
ľ󶼼ʲô
ֻҪĲǾͺá

Ѿֲָһţ˶йĵطȥͷ춯ֻߵĴ˶Ϊʧ˻ȴֿԴ
źԳʤ
ԳʤǺһ̣סڱǣغȥͷ
Уڼ󺰣Ķһȥ
Գʤòȴһʱ죬ѵŲŲżᱻײһײҲᱻĶͷˤһòױżŶȥ
᲻ɽµˣܾΡ
ʪǼ£οĴˡ
ҲΣʲô̻ǰ׵ģ
̲Ũڵ
Գʤüضˣˣǻ᲻֪
Ӧ˭ջʱѲȼˡ
볯˵ķ롣
˵ģǴʱ֮
֪˶ãõԳʤҪڵϵʱ˶ڡ
ֻҪǰ߼ǾͲ̡
Գʤתͷ˵ȳȥ
ҲʣϰԳʤĻ˹ӣԳʤһָһȻ˳ȥ
ԳʤУ߳ȥ
Ȼ㿴˱һĻ
ǵصļ꣬ѹǰϮǼʵʣͷƳյ
ոմԳȥˣţʱѪС
󣬻ȲҪȥ
ǿڷһС
ڵӽ춯
ΪԼ
ȴڱ


29 
ǰֲָ˵ĴϢƺڶߣԳʤַʯڣߣҲ֪壬ֻᱻͷ
Щ̾ʲô
˻𣬻
ֺαرǳȥŶ֣
ԳʤҪ󺰣һ죬̱ǿ꣬ǺòϿԣֻһȥһ¡
еĻҸġ֡ʱ
ַסǵ˫
߳һصʬʱѾˡ
Գʤץסܹˣ֪Է˭ֻ֪ʱһһ
˭ңס˻Ƶĵͺһ
Գʤסȵƴң
סһôզȥͷọ֪̈̄ĸİѻˣ
Գʤͷ߶Щ˽֪£Լʵ˵ֻק˵ĸ첲ȥ
קסҲЩͷˣɲǻȳȥɣ
Գʤק˵ĸ첲˸յԷ˵ͷթ
թקסһãȻ
Գʤˡ
ԭֻǸٷ򳤣ٷֵܹܰٺˣʵǸͲͷǧ򳤣˸ãôϲֲ飬˵Ի
˲ãӾʱձãȹϹ٣ʵѧԼĶ֣
Գʤҫĵ׵ǿԽԽ
ãΪҾã
ı²δõϷϿɣҲûܴӰٷ򳤱ǧ򳤡
ʱֻңԳʤɽͷ˼
˶뻯ɳ档
Ӣۣ֪ǸӢۣ
ɱǸ˳۵ǧ򳤣ʿ硪ֻҪǻȥǾٲֻƧͬЭһڷԣһֱšһ
Գʤһᣬʯվڸߴ߾ȫסʣɽµ˹ˣǸĹ˭ȥֻᱻһͣ£ȫͣ£
˵Ļá
ϾҪ̤Ҳͣ˽Ų
Ȼ˴˿ѸٵһǣԳʤڵķ򿿹ȥ
ǡôʱҲɢȥ㲻ֲָ
ԳʤһӦ࣬Ҳַӱǳȥ
±ʣǲȥǲû취ˣ
Գʤ޲һӣȥʳûˣɽ»ӣ
Χǣ޺Ԯֻƴȥ
Ǹãˣող˵ܳȥ𣿡
ԳʤǲҪȥǼʮһȥǱ·
ǲ˵ˣˡ
С˵˭ǰͷ
Ȼǰ˭ǰͷڻǰͷ
ǰǰͷûˣ
Щ˲Ǳ˵ǾʵǾūоʱ˾绣ʱǰͷͷıõǣֻܳǰܣԼѪ֮ȥס˵ĵһֹ
ԳʤŻʱЩӵӣûûӣҲߵ⡣
µЩǰġү
û˹ܵʱ߿ռҵţҪ׶ŮȥỤ̊ҪǮ
ԳʤվܺãЩүѱƢӳˣȥ˱𴦡
޲ýЩ˰һ٣ǵŪŪѡ
ڲ壬ѵ𣿣Գʤ
Ⱥ궯Уҿɲ
尡ʲô
ͷ϶ûˣʲô
ôôУû˳ȥ
ԳʤԼߵԼԵţδΪʱ˾ױ˵ĸףôƶԷȥҲЩϧҲֻˡ
飡Գʤˣ
鱧ȭǣ
黷һȦΧ˶һ飬֣Ӳȴģֺ𳤵ҳȥ˸Һ󳷣ĵû۾
ԳʤҲȫģ㵽˵ûһԸܹûܡ
飡Գʤǰͷķ˵ǧСģ
ͷԳʤЦģǮҴأҪȢϱӣ
Գʤһ㶣ûü˵һ䣬Ѿ˴һ˳ȥ
ɢ
ڵڿ˶ľ󣬵ȫʬ壬˵ˣ֮أȴȻʬɽѪЩܳȥˣûܿɱǵ˵
һٶ˳壬Գʤںͷûȥ˺Ҳ尡һȥûлͷ
µ˿Գʤ֪˭һ䣺ǹ룬Ϊȳ壿
ǶǷˣѪӣǰͷ·Ȼܻȥ
Գʤԭء
˶ڿǵĿľĮٻΪȡ
԰ͨǳɣһǰͷ
ֵǿɶΪӲһֱ
¶ЦݣԳʤܿĻ
ҲǡڴʱһҵͻȻӶ⴫ѭȥ
ǲϵľ첻֪ʲôģֻ˾ͷƤ顣
ÿһжԼϡ
ոճȥȫӦʱ򣬶һվš
ƮɢŵϸܵѪޡ
ڣž
Գʤ岻΢΢ѾԤеʲô
ûѵİ취ҲҲһ顣

ǳɣ
˶һ˫˫ȵ۾ְֻϮ޿ɱܣһʱ֮䣬ȻЩףԼΪʲôҪΪʲôҪŻ
ʱûɱǧ򳤣ûɽǴǰϷֻʲô
ûкڣҲûüڡ
Գʤ׳־뵽ɱǧʱǻѪ뵽һջɽۡ
ԳʤĻгȥڻʯգڳÿһ˿ȵЦݣǣҳ壡
壡
ȥɱƬײ
һȥ
̤ɽһ̣ӭǵǲϵļ꣬ǣǰԳʤȴһֱûе£ֻеܵǰʱŻм䵽ովĵϡ
Գʤ𣺡ң飡Գʤǹ룡ܣ
Цţͷ廹ûµ˺ң
û˼֤Գʤϵ񼣣ۿͨ죺ҵԸ
ԳʤܵɽǰҲڿվɽϵˡ
˵ϣûע⵽ԷֵͷֵĴţֻƬãɣҪȫɱ
ɿðû۵ѣû塣
ԷǺεȵ緢Լģ
ʱΪԼ޴ȥΪ
ҶҲԳʤȻڴ֮ǰûԷҲ֪˶Էòһҵĸӣֵ壬һź룬ǸĴ󽫾
˶Էһ
ΪĴ󷢣ҲΪɱˡ
ǳеϰ壬Է˵ͷͷ
ҪΪԵԱ
ǵս
ҶŴѵڵԳʤǹ


30 
˶Ҷ˵ĳһ죬һİ˾ǹҪ
Ҷһᷭۡ
һμˣǹȴһ㶼û
Էκһͨ˶û𣬿ֻһЩǶԱȱŵִȥǿǱ׼
üëܴ֣񴽣쳣ֻ˾һֱˣһųǿģһźƤƤӵȴ类Ϳա
ԳʤûҶ۵ĺãֻܿɽվŵǸŹŹֵˣҶ۵ҲҶõĶ
ҪΣԳʤҶۺǾˮˮɱֵܣͲ飬ʮ˲𣿣֣ͣ͵ûз
Ҷޱطʵ㽫޴ʳʱʮ˲ȻԼţֺα֪Ϊ㻹վ
ԳʤȻһЦ
֪ǲ׼Źˡ
δǺͬƴˣ
ɱ

Գʤĺţ˿ڴѪĭʲô𣿡
ȻͷҲԳʤͷҶۣԶ֣ʲôӢۺú
Ҷ֪ڼԼⲫǾþɳϽĶ֡
Ҷۻȥ
ҪһԼ
վӸµĿŶԷ޷۶
Ҷȥδվȵһ̡
ԳʤųҶ۳˹ȥ
ɱݣסо׽ܲսʤ
ԳʤȣҶġһ֬͵׶Σϲ޶֬⿴ͣԳʤԳʤƵķ
쳤˲ӣ뿴ԼҴһ¶Էͷˮ
˶Ŀת
Գʤ˵Ҷǰʱ˽ٺЦݡ
ǵĴҲܵоڵоʿǳΧΪһѼ⵶ֱзأֻҪ˸ǰǴ;䣡
Ԥеĳûе
ֻ顱һ
ԳʤؿЩãĵͷȴؿڲѪˮ֣ȥסǿ˿ڣô¶²ϡ
˫۾ע£ԳʤҶ۹ȥ
˫վˣȣڵϣǿ֧Լ塣
ҶľĿԼǹ
ڸոգ賤Լ˿˰
Ҷ֣󷽵Ҳǹİȫ
Ҷ۾Լ޻ϣƺĳƮĹξƺǰһִع׵ùһǹҪ˱˵
㡢֡Գʤ޷֧ԼȻڵϣ˫Ŀգ޷ۣ૵Գʤûˡ
Ҷߵԣֻ˵Ҳ֣ҲǷˡ
Ͷ̥תţ±ӣҡ
Գʤȥץ˫ۺһ裬ȴûɣʲôˡ
촽ţպա
Ҷֻǿ
ҶԼתߣҪۿԳʤҪԼԶֶȥˡ
һյʱ䣬Գʤͣ˫࣬˫Բ۾ûϡ
Ҷվתûٿˡ
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ҶۺǲϴʱһҲޣ˿˿̵˼롣
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Ժ󣬸ߵ͹ݲܣ̡
ҶɽϣŽһɯԼҵˣȻûвһ־ͺڡ
ûԼɱ˵ʵС
ոʲôûзֺɱ˵Ĳ
ˣˮݶﲻ֪ʲôʱɽʶҶɱ˵һĻȴһҲ£ˮչȥ
ҶֽӹǱˮԺʣϣɱ𣿡
ݶС˵ѵʱҰСĹˡ
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Ҳɱʮ»̥ĹŮôСôԣ˵ʱͻϲ˷һС˶ԭصʱʲôûʡ
ûɱҲҶ
ˡЩˣȥǧˡ
Ҷû˵ʱ˽˲ݶľ
Բݶ˵ݶΨһȥĶ

ûǹӵȻˣҲǲҪǮӵϼһѳ˱ȥһܱ
һΪ϶ԣɯ˵ļϣŤ˶ԷĲӣüôܻ
֪˵ʲôӻޱķų˻ӳһ
ֱ˵º˵ŮŮԲİҲûʲô
ɯҲָ״̽Ӵܵؿڣγʱ඼˳
ϰոɫãһɱˣجΰɣ
ϰߡǰȥ
ɯСȸȥϰߣֻɱν
üͷ壬һЩκ˶ǿ
ɯǿζŶɱν
ЦҲ
ɯ˳ȥ
ͣǽ
ɽﻹвٸողҳȥˣǶûм˿̻ڶڶأѰʱȥ
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ֵܣĵѾմѪֱĨ˰Ѷͷĺ̫ˣ
ҲǼɵĻƤйѪ⣬ϵĹ֣Ҳ˵ÿһλӵͷء
ǲһεҪþȫĥԷҲĥԼ
Щ֧
ֻòݶЩʱ˶֡
ҵͷż
˿ϧˣ˷Ȼûϡ
ϡ
ңֵܣ˵Щˣȫ׳꺺ӣôȥϷҪƧνɽ
¶񡣡ƽ԰ˡ
ҿ߽ȥתͷҶڵķһۡ
Ҷۣȴһǵǡ
Щˣ糾˵ٹˣЩҲװǵƤǲڽ£ǳ˼
սеĵ
ֻһͨķˣȴܸˡ
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ǰƣ縸ǵģĶˣȴҲ֮ŭ
һŭʬ
һŭû
ҸĲЩӴܶص˳˹ȥ

ձɽ
ɽ֮ϣİˣһҴ档


31 
Ժ󣬻ɽδܻعƽµſӣʱ˫̧ˡ
Щʬ岻⴦ãȸҲҷŻֱӽЩʬˡ
ֻܿڿ񡪡Ҫʬͻḯã棬ζ»Ʈɽȥ
Ҳ˵˰˻ƬأȥƬ
ݶҲڿӣССԭҶ۾ûɲݶﲻϣʲôҪݶҲȥʲô
ԼΪݶͷͷˮŮҲʼæڿӣûڿӾʬ塣
ЩҶǲܵģЩԱԼΪλۼߣǼͥڲ£Ҷ۴֣ǻ๥Ź򣬷¼
Ҷۣ˶ʬá
ʬʱ̸Ц
Ǹʲôأһһ߸˵ֻУʲô
ӻûʶ˷ҾͿ۶ǸʲôĶ˾͵ˡ
ݶԹֵǶԸⲹȫڸɣ
ֻͷ壬ֻֻвݶԹں油ֶ̧ˡ
æ˵ԲסԲסȥҰѴŵˮ㡣
ҴͷҲ˵ܵҲС
һ쵽ſյձҲãˮܷźܾá
˵ѾڳдôӣǶڻϰ߲ûиģֻҪǾǺöǾ;һ꣬ٲҲҪ
ǲֹˮܾ÷ŵʳɡ
ҶҲֶֹڻϰߣүүֹ̽ԽǰǶǻڻ˵Ѿһֿڹϰߡ
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ôˣûɯϾʯҶԣݹһŰǡ
Ҷ۵עƫƣܳ԰ǣ
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Ҷۺһɱ˵ʱʲôо
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ĸģһĺӣһֱҡ
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ҪȥǾֻȥˡ
ÿӮˣҾ͸ˣΪܻȥˣһûءɯתͷҶۣϰ壬ھòܲˣ£ٹ꣬ٻͷ£ͻûʲô˵ġ
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˵ûо˵вͣɱԳʤһ̿ʼ᲻κθо
Ϊ˲ʬ巢ҹ˶æ
æ֮ͻȥ緹˯
Ҷûʲôθڣصоȥϴ裬ϴ˴СʱŴԡ
Աȫ鲻ҶۺƽʱʲôԣԳԺȺȣûΪһҹʬûθڡ
Ҷ۱ΪԼ˯ţոϴǺÿյλͷһմͷ̳˯˹ȥ
˸Ρ
μйشԽȫΣԺǸ׼ҵĳϰ壬ںԱһȻпҵһȺ˳ǮʣǮյЦʹˡ
ĸô꿪еǶԵġ
Ϊжˣ
Լʵ̫ãҶ۾ϣǰһвΡ
ʶؿ򴲱ߣԭֻһŴϢڰŴ
Ҷ۳̾һûڴϣҪôˣҪôһֱû˯
ΪϢңҶʵҲ˯簾㣬һ糿
Ҳû뵽ԼȻ˯ô졣
Ҷ۴ЬȥϴˢȻʳ
ﾲĵģԱǴʱϢҶ۱ķᲽڻһ׷ԺָҲһС
ҶۿʱŴ
ϴźζţûҶ۶ѧʱմͬѧš
ҶۣҸҲһУϴ԰ɣ춼û˯
£ֻһ㣬תͷҶۣû˯ȥߡ
Ҷֵʣͷʲôߵģ
Ҷ۲ʹȻķ羰κη羰һɲ쿴Ҳʵں¡
Ҹо˹ˡ
Ҷε棺𣿶ˣҪ˲Ļʹɡ
˻ԱҲֵͲ֮ǰôСˡ
׼ȷ˵ǽС΢
ʱԶǣҶҲǹ۲˺üܲŸҸף⻹ȷǽƣߣ;ĩ·ûеֿ
Ҷ˵ҲʹˣֻҪʮ˾УȻǵĶֵʲôǮҲܻ˵Ĵס
ɱȷƷƵĴ׻󣬻ɢװײ㡣
ʲҲ
ҡͷֻǸо
ֻǾãЩӦҪˡ
ҶЦ㻹еУҲҪ
ҶϵĴ֪Ҷڹɣⲻ£Цҷһ㡣

Ǳߣһжũ˶̴Ϊ·㣬ͷûдķ紵ɹƤڣٲĸүģ
ԵĽ˶ߴһƥڿŨüһ壺ӣɽҰ롭
Ц㲻֪Ʒ񣬲㣡
˲ʳ£㵽ǰ£һֶᣡȣû©İɣ
˸ȹϵ裬Цһһ·ʹٻˣԵ˶ٻأ
̾˾һʵΪ˿Ҳῴ˼ȥҲѡЩ
ˣҲ;˸ĸݵڣҵҪͷۻаȡ
ȵԲ˫ۣ
˲ǰٹܱȡ
űֵıӰص̾˿
ȼǸϵǣδüϢ㽫Լααһ¸˳
ȵ˵ֻģȥ˶ܻظණ
˵Ҫ硢أȴҹ磡Ƿɱȣ
룬ǿϸ룬ÿһ̴ϸֺ
Ｔ㲻Լ룬ҲΪⰲǵİɣ
ֻĴ࣬ﲻֻΪ˴Ȳھ½ϳɡ
ɿĶ˾ʵҲŵɣĻ˶лԴĸʢֵܶһӻ·
ֻǴˡ
ûٿʢıӰĿǰ
ҪصǣƵ˶ˡ


32 
£ֻдӱϱߵѼ򱱵ġ
λصһα˼Ҿ
һ·ȻûˣֻпտյĴ䣬ƿưܵķʱͻҳƬƺѾˡ
ɺԻߵأưܵķݣ·żһĿݹǣﲻ˼䣬ǵ
͢û֣Ȼܿ⡣
ұѾȲˣϷȴҲǸƽطǿҸͶҪ˳͢
͢Թ˲Ͼﻹܵ˱أ
ĸףǵ̫أԴӿ龫ǣҲֻܷŽһС룬سţ
ܷţô
ôˣҪʳٱ
ûôʳûôǣˡ
ȲһһĻһ˵Ļ
ǵʸףΪβǣһŮףǳ;棬֪˶ˣ˶ٿ࣬ǣΪԻȥչĵط
ɸֻţһ죬˫ľԼġ
ײŶ˵𣬾Ȳˣ
㣬ǽףȻأ
ôǣǣô͵ҪȥİҲҪȥ
ɢҲƣܾȼˣ
ȵʱޣΪǸѣΪ˲鷳ԹۣڼңһûдǴʳóܾˣǵʳҲȡ֮ѵӦ֮!
ֻÿɵӵĿ⿴ǻԸʳͳһ򲽣ǾԸóʳԼ죿Ժأ
ҪĲʳأ
ңҶҪҵɫ׿Ц̫ΪĺܹΪҵĻôãҲ꣬Щڰִ˶ꣿ
ǿѹͷߣҿǿ𣿡
Ȳˣںҵʱ֣Ҳں͢ΣιΪʳ
˻ʳ
㲻ܰŽǣٿڳʩ࣬ǡӶʳ
ȷԼҵ˶
·ĵ뿪˸ط
ƽİʳѺͻȥʲôãָʢɲΪȻ𣬶ʱţʱ㲻ţǾˣѺͶٻȥҲס
ɫ̫ÿһ·ʢ֪˶ˮδԷֲҪ˵ˡ
ʢҲգ֪Լԣô飬Ѿʥ͵̽˹٩ȴҲ޾塣
ٶԴãʥ͵Щֻǿ·ȴĸ϶˽ᵳӪ˽м˻ǵϵĵ
ȣѾʬɽѪص˰ǣȴһӻ·
ʢʱ˾״ؽԼλ֫ڵıܰȫȥܳ£Ҳ
ƬӣָŲԶ֣˷ܺ˾ͷ
ʢɽ𣿡
ɲǶܵɽȥ
ֻԼ춼ʣһ·ʵڲˣԼ֡
ʢû취ֻܴ˸ȥ
ԺʹҲҪüղܵ˶ҲȥĵطǣŹһĹӣҲĻϯصϢҭĸҲԹ
ʱöˣûǰԡȺ˿ˮֵ˲ÿֶʡ
ʢü˻𣿡
Ȱڰ֣ǣʳңǱһ
ϷҵˣϷ֪Ѿ⸱ģˡ
գȵĴһ鿪Ŀյء
ǱΪϸֿۼԭһ鲻ľĵط
ʢֻһۣ㱻Զķηסˡ
ⷿûߣȻһ壬һʯ˴Ϳգĸ룬ûһ͹õĽ˶
ʯݣҲǽʯͷĥʯשʯשٴҲȻ
ֵң֪ҪķѶٺ
ϵ֣ʢЩ졣
ȣӦģҵһ ʱҲȱ첲ȵġ
ʢѾˣ㲻˵ⶪ

ҶʱѾӭ˵׼Ȼ׼
Щһ֪ܷġ
ƣǹ
ҶûԼȥòݶɯȥ
ݶڵõҶ۵֪ͨɯһߵ˳ſڣжӰҵˡ
ֹӡݶԭĵķˡ
ɯ˵ֹ֮ǰ˲ٶأ
Ȼȣֲ
Ը⻻ȣζǸˡ
ãȿݶҲУȻҲɯһתһ룬Ҳûʲô棬ﶼзء
ݶЦֹӡ
̽ͷ￴˿ڣ
ݶﻹδӦﴫ˵
ɡ
ݶ˵ֹ롣
תʢ˵֣ڴ˴ңҪ߶
ʢҲȥʲݶ±ܣܷһͬȥ
ݶ˼ֻһǱֻܽһ
ʢȣԼΪԼ˵仰
ȡƼʵעⲻԼұֵġ񡱣ûûεɵһЦ֣ȥȥͻأ
ȻͶְ˳С
߽еɲǱ̲סһһɽĿζǻ㣬ҲѬ㣬ζ̲ס̾
ݶȽϢҵʱһţҶ۲㱻ǰСһ
ϻȵʱȻǸݰ׵ı׼ӣڿԷҲ׳ˣҲͨũˡ
ˣʶ°ڣͨһҶ۹ˡ
ѾϰߵҶĺ޲ɣعˡ
ȴӵֵ˾֮ĳΪ˴ǰΪֻʩԮ֣Ծ
Ҷۣ
ô⻰˼ΪǾͲˣ
һǣ˴ǰĳЩԽĶ
Ҷպãˮ
ȣĳ֪˶죬ûЩ
Ҷޱ飬Ѿľˣ
ǣҾǸˣֻǮҶն٣ҲںǲǷ
װŪȻǰ˫н
Ҷɽ඼Щܲˡ
ϲ󱯣ϲ
֪ȵ״ʲôסĶ
ֻѶûҲûҲֻǲ·ܰˡ

Ǳģ


33 
ô˵ΪģҶ˲豭
ԲûʲôƫãȻȣȲûںȵĲҶҲֻǳͨĴװë塣
ȻƷ㲻Ϻã磬ԽԽʡ
ҶۿȵЩԾϾ֮ǰȸӡ󣬾ֻǲʳ˼̻ĸҹӣԼӵũֲӺ͹ӵˡ
Ȼ˲ò࣬ҶԼ˱ˡ
Ҷۣ㻻ʳȥɽգܳã
һֱֻһֱͣڰ⣬㻹·Ҳߡ
ʳ޵ģÿȶһһȥмҪʱ䣿
ֻѴۣ
οܲǼ¡
ͷЦˣҵҲô˵ʵ޿κΣֻӣܺùǶ
ҶָָԼɳ˵ɡ
Ҳûܾ˽ʲôʲô
ҶۣʳȻܻȻˣұ⡣
ȵð⣬غ޲
˶ңܻʳеңζû뵽˾ȻԸ⡣
ʳһܸ֡ҶʵһĶأܲʮʯ
ˣ촽ƺ˭סٷһ
ʮʯ
µ֣õӣ˳һĶܲʯѾá
Ҷ룺ǵ˵ʲôõͷ񣬿ڸζȴͬҲ֡
ȶҶ۵ĻûʲôӦǺȶһճ죬˫ĿҲʧȥ˽࣬촽һһϣϸڲૣظ֡ʮʯ
ҶֵʱͻȻվһθҶ۹¡
Ҷ۱ͻȻľٶһȴͷصˣ˻֮
ƿЦ˵֮ڵǧ
ʮʯ˻
ȵ
ȷʵǲ֪ռĸҹӣĸ̫أĸҲ֮׹һ𣬾ûԹ࣬ûܹķǽҪȢʲôӣܲȡù
ɵӱϣ߹һ󣬾Ҳزȥˡ
յĿѣͷһôϣڼ
ı֣Ҳ޷뷨
ǿܿӦġûмԴУǻ޷һȥԽԽãֻԽԽ֪ӿտҲ
޹ء
Ҳǲٵġ
øǣЩŹ֮ǻۣм壬Ҳʢ
ûлʵۣһҪǡ
Ȩ磬յǣǿʿʥּӶȴܶӶ
ǰӲ֪ôġ
ǰôģѾԼǺεСһӴǺεС
ĸ׻ҲգҲȥκӦԡ
ΪֻµİղŽаգӻֻˡ
ܸǴôֻл㲻ٷģֻŰжѴȴôЩѴ
ΪӣֱԸ׵Ĺ
ֻԼĸҲˡ
ֻˡ
ֻ˰˶ˣ˭һ
ûиߵ͹ûС
Ҷȫ֪ԲʲôǾ֮סˡ
Ȼ϶䲻ĸֵġ
Ҫ˵˭ϣԼֻԬ˰ɡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôޣԼȡ̫ˣ
ûм޵ô׵ˡ
Ĩ˰ϵᣬΪԼ¶ûʲô߳ܵģɳƵ˵ˣҽǰѶ
ҶҲ֪ҪҸطʰһǵͷ˵ȥɡ
߳Ϣҡ
ҶתͷڵԼڵʲô
Ҳֻ֪˵ڳ˰ɡ
ҶۣҾͲôޣϴοӦû׶԰ʱ򡣡
Լ׶԰ʱΪʲôޣʵ벻ˣҪôǱˣҪôİ߱ˣúӿ޵ԭ̫ࡣ
ҶʵôϲӣСʱ˵Ҳܺӡ
ҶۿɫȻԵޱ飬ʵܷḻֻǲϤ˲ѣԼΪǴ絽һϻһ˯ȻŴҶѾܲ³һˡ
㲻ϲҶۺ˿ڲ衣
ɳһִֻαϣҶ۶ˣʵЩûش𣬶˵Ҳϲ˺ܶࡣ
ҶۿЦң
ƽص
ҶۣҲ㣬ͦϲġ
Ȼһ٣̧ͷҶۣ˫ڵƺҪ͸Ҷ۵Ƥңֱ
ԭ᲻ദҶһ˿ģ㿴˧ֿᣬ̫ʵ
üëһʲôʵ
Ҷ۴˸Ƿ˧ֿĲʵС˵ߵӰˣʵʣ
𣿡
Ҷ۷棬ҲͲЦˣͦõģҪͻȻЦҲŲӦ
Ҷ۹˹ǡ
ԼǲЦЦݺܽӲ
ӲҶΪʱһǹԴвЦ
Ҷ۴ģⱲӼԸЦݡ
ʹôҲ̶õЦҶۣӦ𣿡
Ҷۣ
ȻܸӣҲôǿԼ
š˾Ӧ˰ɣҶ۲빼Ŭ΢Цĺ⡣
ͻȻ˵Ķܶࡣ
Ҷ۵ͷǲ֪ûֵǮĶҪֱӴãӱֵĸλ涼ֵǮϵͳﻻһ֣ʣһִȥλ棬˵ۡ
ɹƷЩһнá
ܴ浽һλ棬ƷЩõĳַʽǡϵͳϵͳʲôۣ־ǶǮȫг
¸λλ棬ǹƷ͵ͬڡ
ҶǣʲôֵǮл𣿡
˾гȻлңֻǵĻʳ
ɣɣһܳԵĶȻ˵㵽ǣһɾͿһ֫ȫк𣿡
ҶۣΪʲôҪ˿Ȼҵĵ¸лڵģ
ʣһֱŰأ
󣬽󶼴
Ҷ룬ûкܸɴ˵򣬶˵Ҳ֪һλͣãҲһһ˻˵һˣҲ֪
û˵
ͷԼ֡
Ǹкƺһ̡
ڵгĴˮ˺ۣһֻ۾׵кһߵ
Ҫ̫Сˣ׳˵ȭͷ̫ˡ
Ŭ̧ͷһ̿ͷ
кΨһӵеĶ˭Ҳ޷ȡա
̧ͷһ̡
˴гˣһɾİɫ£һɫ㣬Щűϵˡ
ȴһ۱㿴˫
ԷĿƺϡ
Ȼ󡭡



34 
˸˵ʲôʢűܴӳſڳȲӭȥҲȥʶһء
ſڵĲžѾ档
ʢȫ͸ּ͸ġ
ݶﻹǸֻĪ˵ȭͷõҲֻƣѡ
ʢԭԾʶ㲩뵽̵ƧȻɼ
˵˫ۺףֹס״ε˵ˡ˲֣ɡ֣Ϣ
ʮʯȺȻĶʮʯ
ʢҲסˣȻ¹أʱҲҪѧغ
ĳһĳһصĶʯҪɵعԱϳʵʵ۰ǰǻʵ۵Ĺ
ʮʯ
ũƵ¶δй
ʢĻҲ뿴ȡ
ѾЩ˵ˣ˵
ʢһ飬˫Ź⣬˵ǽȥ
ҲӦ廤˵ȥɣѶȥ
ǲǺܸңվԭأûһԸͷ
ȿû˶Լһ䶫ѵسȥ
󿴣ȴǱȻԼ
ʢ԰һȥ
ۿλӶȥˣҲ̧һľȥ
Щȫʵľ졪ʱҲûкϳľ󣬶أһӶҪһ˲ܰᶯ
װ˶ʱ׳һö
ذ˽ʱŰжꡣ
ιǲרţ
ţȻ죬صĶһֻҪǮ򵽡
ŵģ̫ҪҲҪĴ̽˵ûЩӲ¡
ЩʲôɯЩĶľԱߣ̧ͷȣ˫ͫһգգĶȡ
̫Сˣ˵ĳ࣬Ҳ˾в
ɯע΢ЦɯڿһͨŮ˵ĶӦϣұû黭
ɯЩã
黭û㵽״Щʲô
ĳɹƿʱֵǮĶ
Ҳӣʯ觡
Щꡣ
ĶȻȷĶϲ
ûԼס⡭ɽˮ
ɯûȤĻ㲻˽⣬ԱʯǺȤȵָ´һľ䣬˴ĥıʯ
ŵġ
ȻʯҪʵڼѡ
ұʯʱҲֵǮûиĥٵλҲҡ
Ա˵ıʯǻϲ
ѵáЩ˼Լ嶼ֻǺеƷƷڴٹڻʹһֻɫ̫ޡҲ֪˻᲻ϲ
ɯִװš񡱵ӣһ򿪣һƣвʹĥӵִӡ
ⶫɯʶģ䰡
һ㶣ֺãδأ
ʱʵΪЩģɳԺΪɫŨ˴ϲ˲δγɷ糱˰ʵģڳûԸ
ɫ㲻ףо֮磬
Ũֶˣ
˿ʯ
󰡣
ûֱˣȱ˲٣ɹ̴ĥ
ĥһȴҲģЩĥȻ͸
ϧɫҲǿˡ
ȼѽ͵ЩȻϲϲأ
ɯҲϲ
ȣ
ɯȴıʯϲϲıʯЩ˵ġСʯͷ
ȴʱѾˡ
˵һ¹ʯ
ɯⳬоУǱߵĻϡ
ɯָŶͯⶫĹ⻹ʲôã
ľʲôá
¹ʯϡ氡
˭ͼð
ҪҲ
Ĩ˰εˣֻϣЩͶ˵Ե

ҶҲյ˲ݶͽƷŰһӵĸɫʯ䣬㵹һʯм˽⣬֪
ϲľĸҶ
ˮԽãɫԽҶ۾ȻܴЩƷҳüɫŨˮͷֺõġ
ִӣһҪֵǧ
˴ǸΪҪʵƣͨǾͲܽ档
׷Ʒʣǿƽ
Ҷ۾ͼǵΪһִֵһܣ䣬軨ٶ¡
Ϳ۰˰ٶ˳ȥ
Ժ־Ҳ֮ˡ
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X1
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Ҷۣ
Ҷۣ
㶺ңƷôõֵ٣
ǲٸҴĸ㣿
ô͵ļۣҶ۳ϢңţŵԴ˵ҾͲɨˣ³
Բɽ
ҶҲ֪ԷƢǽûá
֪Ķ⣬ãĿɳƽϷɯ
ɯע⵽Ҷ۵Ŀ⣬ҲҶۣζҧȥ˵ϵͳǰĹһģΪõһ٣ȻͨӦõľңļ鼸ʮ顣
Ҷۿ䣺Щûй
ɯͷ˵ûϲ¿ɳĶֶûС
Ҷۣ
ҡҺÿ
Ҷ۶̾ǲܰǻǮˡ
ֻȥ֮ǰλǮ
Ǿᡰϵͳģ
οϵͳЩҲֵǮ
˵ǳɹƹֵǮĶ
ǲǹģ
ҶֿʯЩ˵ıʯӦҲֵǮ
ԡȳЩѵûдֵǮĶ
ɯͻȻ˵ҿװЩͦõģʵľǺľͷ̵ҲܾϸλӦȽ֮ǰɣ
һҲֵǧ飿
Ҷ۴ʧɫľӴȥɣ
ɯҡͷҾͲ֪ˣһС񣬲ҿˣɫһ㣬λҲֵǮʮеģܹܲ
Ҷ˿Ǯ˾ͺãҲ׼ôλȥ
ǲһͦǹ
š
ϵͳڹ˷ָ
Ҷ۰̾治ͼ·Ьͷڣˣϻûµش𣿡
ûĻֵǮ𣿡
洩鲼̴Ӧûᴩõİɣ


35 
ȵˮɡݶｫֽݵǰ̬ƽ˲٣ٴס˾ҫԼ£ˮݸ˺Ҵ뿪һľ䡣
˻̫ˣÿ˶æң岻ãԿ˿ڽǲæҲҪæֲǿá
˽ӹˮãȻĿŲݶ뿪ıӰ
˶ﶼһͬ
ıӣƮƮû
ֽİɣС˫űӣҺͲúȱˮѹԵˣôû©أ
ԵҲ𲻳Ȼ֧ʩɷȻͲ©ˡ
ʢҲűӣΪ̾ȫˡ
ڼ˵Ļ˶ţʢڣΪȷ֢
˶𣬻ʵҲš
ЩеĴ壬һ˵ġ
ˣΪǧ꣬һӣν飬ֻбҴƭ֣֤
ʵӣΪλиĳ
ѵʵĶӣͲ
ֻǴӲὫЩ뷨©ȥ̵Ҳ̵ֻԼӵܡ
ʢ̧ͷŲԶĵƣǵƳźУټ˶յñȶ⻹Ҫס죬ζͨգȻսȻͬ
ж֮䲻ηˣŮ˶ж磬Զŵı϶ֱͦˡ
û˶ӵܣͨķӡ
иʢЩڡ
ЩǺö鵽ʱ¶˵Цģ
䱦ʯʱһ⡪Ȼƶ࣬ɷ˵ű
Ҵó觴觱ĥĿſԲƷ༫ãЦų˵ûⶫ
ҡͷôֵǮ𣿡
ңԣ˵ʹ˵ͨˣǻ׹ݣһ¶û
׹ݻģ
æӻʵۼݲŶأ˭ûݣ
۽󿪣û뵽ʵۼһݣʵۼҲûʲô˵
ֳ˵мʶ觲ǧѺҪ˵Ķͷѡ
֮ǰ֪ͱʯ¶ʯͷһ
ʯͷвֹ觿ҲòĶȥ
ּ֮ҴҲֻճôЩ
ܹ䣬Ϊ˿Ųô٣ʯͷ
Ҳ̬Աϯض֪̾Щ
ҰοҲòϡ
ȼ̾ҵҴЩ黭ţ黭˶ԣӦͬСͿû𡭡
ң
λֹӣǰ뵽ĶԼһ顣
觰ҶѾȴĶϣˣ䶼ֵǮӦҲֵʲôǮϾҶ۵֪Ȼӹһֱ׷ʵ۸񲢲
ҶһȥɨʱѾϵͳͼ۵׼
Ҷվ̨ǰ̾һĲɵô뿪λ档
⸽ѾûˣٴȥƺҲܲʲôǮ
ȻҪ뿪Ҷۻ̫಻ĵĵط
йԼģԼֵλܳɹڣԼɵ⣬ҵĴԼʱ䣬ɵѾˣʼǲݶĸŮ
ݶĸŮʵҪץסһܻȥ֡
ܲݶǳʲôĿȥôǣҶṩ˲Сİ
һɫ֪ԼʲôʲôǶôɹ󰡡
ÿˣǶǻŵͨˣûиеƷ񣬹ļʶҲûжӣŬӦΧһУҪкõı֣õϿɣܹ˶ȥ
ҶۺԼ뿪ʱ޷Ǵߡ
ôѾ˵ĵطô棿
ǲܲˣԼ˾ͺãҶֹԼһء
˵ԭǺϵṩԼǹλ͹ʡ
ԭǱ˴֮ûεġ
֣Ҷһֱû
ڣԼεġ
Ҳø׼ú·Ժ뿪Լ뿪ҲᵣǵõΪԼˡĴڣǱ˹Ѻ̿
Ҷĵ׳̾һôҲû뵽ԼȻķա
ʧ解ȻֿĻ
X1
룺162340
Ҷۣ
Ҷۣ
һִѣ
ôֵǮ
Ҷ˲ͫ׵𣬺òײѹԼ
ȣˣʵǸǮĺˣ
ͻȻڵҲͻȻÿ
λ澹ȻôֵǮ
Ҷ۲ΪλҲôֵǮϾԼλ棬Ǿûܺȼ۸ġ
õĴʽλϵͳ
ϵͳҲֻ
޶ϵͳëʱҲҪϵͳ۵Ļᡣ
ҶۻصϢң˻Ȼһ£ü۶ϲ⣬Լ֪Լϲ̫ˣԸսϢҾ͹š
ֵǮһҶ۵ɫ֪ʲô
Ҷֹס¶Цݣͷһ䣬ôҲиһǧ˵ࡣ
ҸոնˣͦǹѻǹҲһЩþѻǹ𣿡Ҷʡ
ͷᣬҲȴ̫ãѻҪģĲ̫á
Ҷ۵ͷҵʱٹһڰɣҽҲҪһҽĻҽҲҪɣ֮ǰҶûпҽߵļ۸ϣҪ̫󡣡
оǮҪȫȥˣҶ۵ıȴɡ
ԣЩòСʣǵģԺ󱾵عԱô죬ܸܲһߣ
û˵
ĬԺ˵עĻͿԡ
ϵͳעᣬȻӶͿԴߡ
Ҷû뵽ȴע⵽ı飬ʶķŵԾСʵ㿴Ǻܸˡ
Щѹ
ȴûнͣ˵δ겻עᣬעΪĻҲܴߡ
ҶۣϵͳͦԻ
еһʯأҶֻûɡ
ȴͻȻ˵ûмδͲעʹߡ
ѪԵֱϵ
Ҷ۵ͷҲãֹλ˿
ɳϣͷϢҵĵƣƽ˵ǰҲá
Ҷܾлɿɫ֪ϸ˵Ҷ۾ûټȥ
ÿ˶в߱˵£Ȼˣֺαٸʵأ
ûҪΪĺȥڱ˵˰̡
Ҷۣ˵Ǵ뿪Ժл𣿡
򣺡Ϊ㲻
Ҷףڵʱ뿪뿪Ժż
Ц˲𣿡


36 
ϢɳϣЩˮΣȴָʢѾ֪ʲôʱߵ˻ǰһ̰ĿŻƷ
Ƚŵվ첽ߵʢԣѹС˵֣߶
ʢȴӻһƿƿװŵľơ
װ͸ľƿͨľƺܱø
ʢУʢΪβﻹЩ
ȱһã˵Щ֮ûʲôġ
ôɹ˳һ֮Ǹ֤ӽǮ
Ķóһ㹻˴۽硣
һƿóȥЩȾͷѪɣ
ȣ֣ҪȾƣȥ˲١
ʢȴץסȵȵسҪǾ𣿣ľƣɾƣ
ܰľƴȥ׸ϡ
˾˶ʮأһֱڰǣѵͲһʢѵҲһڰ
΢΢գۣû뷨Ӧúö飬ͨƾȡһΣȻͺӵһ΢ĩСвŻܵù٣Ǿһᱻʵʶ
ȡʢɵģոյļͿҲɢȥˣεĵʱҪţŵıһֶҪš
ҪЩ˵Ļʲôúõپܲ
ôףôҰ䣿ʢѵЩӵܣȺӵܿø࣬ѧøࣿ
²֪ɣʱʵȢеĵŮΪվһӦʣǿϻʵƫӡʢЦȻأڻ˵صգŮΪ¡
ңҪվڻʵԣܽҡʢЩڻɽ֣ŻʵȥĹ£ֻǹ£ʵԶȱΪˡ
ֻпʵۣܽӴȨȨ
㿴ΪŮĴУѵ֪ﲻܳŮӲù𣿡
֪Щӵڳǰ裬Ůں裬ǰ󹬴ܱ֤һ峤ʢ˥
㤵ؿŸʢ
ʢǺӵܣһͼ߳ɾͣҲ޷ÿ깬ʱһϯ֮أ۶вŻֻܾĩβЩҷǰͷ
Щ㲻ͬˡʢȻߣ˵˵˾˲ذȥǣ
ʢѾƷŻԭλϣúɣ㸸ĸ㸸ڰ̫أأǲֻȥ
ʢȻһˣܲܰ
ȼеı粵ôܰĶʮʯʳ𣿡
ʢȴһۣ㽫ȥֱӸգ
ȣ𣿡
ʢЦһɼҵĶʵۣ㣿
㶡
ʢȴļ򣺡ϣͻͷأּҲֲá
ץסʢ䣬ڻϣٷЩվͶ˰
ʢҲŽ㻻Щ֮ȥ
ȣԭˡ
ϣȳŸʢֵ֣㡣
ʢڰ֣Ҳ⣬ȷʵҲΪ;
»ӹ˼ȴж֮ͣ
˶ڸдĹ°أ

ƣҶ˷ܵɨ解ֲԾϲԾĴЦ
ǰ˵ɣǾƿ飬·Сġ
ңǡ
˾⣬Ȼ˲ٱĶ
ȫǡԺ֡ء
ҶȻЩԼԼ뻻ûȥʣҲܡ
ʲôǹ˿͵ɣοȫƷƷڳġ
ԼѡҶɨһ解ѾЩˣԱ߿־
ܵҶ۵̧ͷȻ־ǺҶϬߵҶԣӹɨǹҶһظŻе˶
Ҷ˿лˣȥȿˮ
ͷ˿ı飺˵л
ҶۣòҪģҪҪȵʲôȥãϣ̲Ͳ衣
ȪˮС
˺ˮ⣬ҶۻҪ׼ȵ֡
һҶۻӡһݷֵע
ô˵塣
ڿഫʧ档
Ҷۼѳкװ
ЩĶʮʯȻڳﲻ֪Թٴκ֪Ȼ˸߲
ԱȣǸϲ
Ŵζء
֮ǰһ궼һܳһǡ
Ҷ۵ͷ
ĺǸƷ֣ߣ
үүСʱԵĺζѵҲ
ɹɺԺܷźܾáҶ۳ЦЦ
ɹĻֻſܻᷢѿҶ룬ѿͲܳˣȥ֡
ͻȻ²ˣԼ𣿾ڳͷ
ԶԣǿԼ֣
֮Ҿûֹˡ
ְɣҴӣⱲӶֵˣ
ΪǰСӪҲեͷԲδԼ¹أԵĻ˺
ЩСֵصĹԱԸ֡
йֵصļֻп࣬ûǴûֵӣùʲôֻͿƶ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ֡
ЩʧܿҶ˵죬ҾҪ뿪ˣҲȥ˵һԸߵĽϢȥ
ԸߵҲǿһ¶ȥϷ
סˣڳ˶˵
뿪ȥĶ
Ҫǣ
ȥɽĻЩɼ
ҪȥУ
Ҳܳɣ
ҶҲ³ǻô룬ǴȥС
ȥС磬ûĿĵء
ӦҲܻ
ҶۣԼ
˵Ըˣ
гͷҵҲ̺Ըˣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ˵˲㣬ȥǵļСúɣ룬˶Ը뿪
үүǰϼҹô࣬꣬ҲҶ
ûʲôû䣬ȴϼᡣ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣ȥʰɣҡ
뿪Ҷ۲»ص̨ԣѿȪˮŵֱߣʾ⣺ɣȥȿˮϢһ¡
΢΢ҡͷã㲻ǴɨȥԺĶˣյߡ
ҪٹһˡʣҪҸƼ𣿡
Ҷ۵ͷ֮ǰ˵ǸرõİɣеŮģʲô֣
棬ŮģǾˡ
Ҷۺĸλˣһλ棿
ǣںƽ
ҶЦǻͦõģӦøҲ࣬ԴϵͳעỹǸһΣ
룺Ըģ
Ҷۣ

˰ᵽȥԼ˫ֽӹҵݹһֽΪ˷ֹ·ϲСŪҶһӡʮݡ
Щ֡ȿֽϵ֣ûݣ㱻һҲ̫ˡ
дģͬһдͬһܻЩ΢𣬵Щȫᣬͬһֲ۴Сϸȫһģһ
ֱǵ̺ӡģɾӡģҲûаīȡ
ֽҲõĲͬϸףô֣ȴûһī
Ȼдġǵֽʲôϡ䱦
Һĸһˮдģδʣֻɷ
ȣȻõɷҲдģ
ҳĬƬ̣е
ſΪҶ۲ڴ˴֪ҶǷˣ˲ôʣ磬ԼԹ𣿡
ҵͷȻԹǺ
ϴЦǸ㣬ġ
ȣģ
ҵͷǶ
ܱʳߣġ
ȼˡ
óԣʢʵ
ңҲǣûôóԣըƬһЩϣҲ㡣
ʱżҲ˿ĭ
ˡ
ݶΪˣʶ֣ȴѾܿʳϵͼƬѧˡ
˵ݶ˵ձȾƵĴǿ
Ǻ⡣
һĭ
ÿ֭£˶֭ݷ
Ǵڰ˻ĻСװþƣΪ˷ֹ˻ȥ·ϾƿѣҶۻǲٷֽǵľܡ
ֹβʡ
Щ߳ܵǺգﻹٻ
ΪЩԭӦֶڲˣ˾ƺ
Ѿ޵ݣϲȥˡ
Ȼ˴ӲֹԻߵĶҲģҲ֪߳ܡ
ңǾͶˮ·ɣûˮԴ
ȹֵл
ŤͷæµĻ򱻰ľƺ֡
һƿҪʳ죿
ЩʳǶ˻Ŀ
ٹǻնŶӵ
һ˵вǲĳǣ
߰ɣ
֪Ժܲ˶ټˡ


37 
ȵʱҴңȥҲҴңһҹûͣҶһҹ
ϾйԱһ𣬻ҪȥϷ
Ҷ֮ҹ·⣬һǿֵ磬˵Ҳ֧̫ܳ磬ֻǳļҲùغľҲ޷䡣
Ҳ˲٣㹻֧ŵǡ
ҲǸлǰæˡ
Ҷ۲ĺЧӦȻ˭֪ǲǱǹɷأ
ߺҶ۾ʹϢ
ͷһ֪ԼȻôϲ
ʽ£ʲôģÿ۸ֻҪϰ¹򽡡
ҶĵǮĺÿ֣
ϴԼûбǮֵˣ
ӶڵʱҶѳ˳֣İ˹Ӷ
⣬ӶһλԶ׵ҽȫҽߣҶʲôû׼ҽԺԼ
κζõԣϵͳмˣҲõıī
ôһ룬ϵͳҲŵ㣬ȫȱ㡣
ȻԶҲӦ⡣
ϾŵҽϢҡ
Ҷϣһ˶Ըһ뿪
˽ġ硱ǻǸԸԼΪ˽⣬Сĵط
ˡ
ﶯ¿ƶ࣬ǻǸƬء
ҶۿңԸµҰɡ
ҰдϵֺͰӡġͬҶۡ
ҲҪ£ҶȻϧҲֻף
ĸĸҲԸ뿪
ǹȻԸ˳ͣԼˡƬϵ¡
ҶۻӰѹԱͼ¼ȥ
ʵʹӶӶʮʮˣӤĻʮˡ
ΨһҶɿģԼҺͲݶĸŮû뿪
˵ġ
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ȻҲ鷳
ԲҪһмˡ
ݶһұңݶﴧĸ׼ȷ
ȷʵҶĹҶȷһ㡣
ģͼϴ´˲ŲҲҡ
ҪҺͲݶҲҶ۾Ҫͷˡ
¸λĶεķϣţûаȫѹȥһֻƹҶ۵ļ§һ
ҶûзκѿԾλȶ½أȥĸȽϺã
ʣԼȥĶ
Ҷ۳ĬƬ̣˵ʵĸȥȶħ½磬ȫˣҺûаȫС
أһͺΣաҶ̾ϵͳҲҾֻҵҲ£ȻҪߣʵҵڶûѡĿĵء
Ȼ˵ɣ֮ǰʱ˵ػȶ
Ҷգգۣϣؿϣϸ˵˵
Ҷ˵ʮڵȥ衪̲˯š
Ҷݺòڲ輸ϣקĸ첲ļɳϣһ˫ɫ۾գҲգĿʱ˿ֻ̣Ӱ
Ҷۿҵע΢΢ͷȥҶ۵۾ֻĺ衣
汻յ紵΢΢ε
ƽĺ浴
ƽ˵һƽûĹ£ջظλ治ͬҵλΪȾͿƼȾɵΪ磬ջΪɥʬ
ҶۣĵӰ𣿡
ֻеӰŻɥʬĩհɣôܴ򲻹ûٶɥʬ
򲻹Ҳܲһ֣ôѹˣչĩգ
ܿҶûʳڵɻ󣺡ɥʬٶȺܿ죬ڰҲǵͨǿҪҧץϣֻҪӴԺûȫýӴĶڱǣᱻȾ
Ҷۣǲǲ̫ѧ
ǰɥʬƬʱ򣬾ɥʬĴڱͲѧ
ֻƻǵĴԻ׵ɥʧж
룺˵Ǳɥʬ˵Ǳˡ
ûмĲǵӺ嶼ͿգȴɿԻ
Ҷ۴˸еġ
ͬݣǵĿĲ࣬Ƿܡ
ǳɳ´
ǻͻ
֮ǰǸλĿѧҸոȷ´ûһɵӡ
ҶۣҪǻѡǸʲô½ɣ
ҶӾ֡ΣգΣգΣգ
һǽȥȻΣգôϢȥҲΪͷӬڲȥ֮Ҳǻȥ
ȥȫûϢĵطؽµϵͳݺȥ
Ҷһ㶣µϵͳݣ
ͷӪҵﵽǧʱԽ֡
Ҷǳ˳飺ǧôȥǳ˵İɣ
ӪҵǲͳһģҲǧ򣬱
λǮڽ¹ܵӪҵС
ĩˣĩˣʲôֵǮĶ
Ҷ߶߶ǱضǣֻҪڱλ治ֵǮϵͳҲò١
ûǮûз֣ҾͲȥȶ½˲ۡ
ⲻǸѭ𣿡Ҷۿ˫ۡ
ûѡ񡣡
ҶйƤһ̱ɳϣ˫ĿĿ컨壬һƣʱ׼õģ
ѡȥĶߵҶŵɳԱߣһַֻҶ۵ļϡ
Ҷôѡֻȥˡ
Ҫȶ½ظֲѶȸ󣬶û׼ؾûˣ
Ҷۻˣȥء
ȥϴ裬ϴҶתͷ
ҡͷȥɣҿӰ
Ҷ۵ͷá
˶ϴҶ۹Ϣҵĵơ
Ļ˯ͻһմͷͱۣ˯˹ȥûж˵
ϣҶû˯ã˸һʵֲֿجΡ
μԼһʬɽѪУȴһϸխ·
֪ԼҪȥĶҪʲôֻ֪˳·ȥ
֪˶ãҶ۾úƣۣѾꡣ
ƣϵģϵġ
ߵ·ľͷ
ĳһ̣ͻȻԼϾҪߵͷİʱ
һɽºӭݿֲĹЩΣЩȴѾʲôӴҳª֫
ҶӣȴԼã˫Ǳʲôζ˵ϡ
ŹǱ
û
ڰ糱ˮϮ
Ҷۣ
Ҷۣѣ
ڽ֡
Ҷںڰ롣
˭أ


38 
컹δ糿ˬǱʰʱĶٴμû©󣬴ŵĹԱһȥϷ
ҶûдϢԱֻܹڳſڣǣˮ˶ͷ
޵ùڵϣòײű˷
Ҳûȳõȥ
һֱˣȴ뿪δ֪硣
ҶȴЩͨذͽǷ顣
۳ǾҪȥĶҶҲǸȵļͥϹϵ
ϣΪԼץ̿
Ϊ˱ǵİȫҶûջ
ģǰһá
Ҷ۰뵽ĶΪ뵽ˡ
ɴӴڿ뿪ҶﻹЩȻ
ûвɢϯЩҲǸһ𹲹࣬껹ǲͬġ
֪Ϊٻصλ棬ܲǡ
ھ𣿡ɳϣľѻǹͷ࣬˯ڴͷ
Ҷ۵ͷھ߰ɣҪʲô׼𣿡
ϾǵһνλԾЩоˡ
賿ֻϢСʱȣ㲻ûϢˡ
𴲵ʱҶۻûûѾۿ
Ŀ棬һֱڱ־䡣
Ȼģ˿ϤҲûô˵
֮ǰͨĺϵѶ㲻ϡ
棺ʲô׼׼Ҳûá
Ҷۣе
ȳ絽ҽҲɳϣ˶ĺȦ޾ɵĴͷԴСװһһ¡
ĺܸߴֻһ㣬ԼһװңҲܽ˶
ĸ첲ԼҶ۵Ĵô֣ŨüǳӲͦ˾ˡ
ģһƫԵ
֮෴ǣҽԶ׾ͺܡˣӲһ岻Ƥ԰ףݣֲΪźȦ۴Ѫɡ
Ҷÿοһƨ
Ӷ˵ʱƬϵԶ׿ͦҼ۸ʣḻ
ϾҽҶ۾þḻĿ϶á

ǮԶײʤεĻԳһΥԼ𣬺ͶԷԼˡ
Ҷ۶ŵԣֺԾť
һһᣬť

ӵûУվʱġǽϣ˻ߵس˺ӵ
˸һӵɬɳƵ˵ˡ
һ㶣أ
˶˶٣ҧѾҧѪģ´ҡͷ˵·⵽˷
˲ŵصɴ۾ȫ
˵ͷڷֲֹȥ
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˵ˡҲǹǹֻʣӵʵڲУǱȥɥʬȥ
ȥⲫ
ǱɣֻԼȥһߡ
û˵ǹҲûвװӵſȥ۾׼ǣͺƽʱһÿһǹܴ͸ɥʬԴ
ɳǽµɥʬ볱ˮӿǲηҲ־ǹֻǸ汾ָܵӿĵط
Щ㱣һӵ
վʱߵ˶Ѿʼ׼
սѸһѸͷãʹҪǸоԼҪˣԼһҲС
սĨ˰ѶͷĺҪ˵زס͸óʲôãͲⲻǱȥ𣿡
ս̾ʲôˣҪ
û˵
ʼʳ㣬󷽲ԴԴϵʱӵеҩ㹻غûأиȥΧĳȱͷϰա
սı׶˾ԽԽԡ
ûˡ
һҪʮǿΪͶɥʬԱٶȲԸϵġ
ʮ꣬ǿӭһֵͶ
ɥʬǰȶɹʮꡣ
˿־ĲɥʬԽԽѷܹԽԽ١
Ů˲ŮҪ̥ʮ£ڿҪǼ£Ǽȫʧȥжܲ첻˵ҲԱ
Ů˲ԸŮûδ͸ûսͶĲ䡣
һѭ
ƫƫûκν
һԼףҧץˣٶȻһ㣬ɥʬҲǼɥʬһ׬ˡ
ԹˡԱߵŮˣҰ軹ڻˣֻӲͷƤϡ
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39 
һνλԾʱҶʵûио
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ͺʻеĸһ϶¸øҡ
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ôоǽĳа֯Դboss


40 
վҶǰζƫȻʿɳⲢûκһƽʿӰӣûһ֪ľҲǿ׳ûг׳
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41 
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42 
ǹͬϵıڣ㳬еĸĲҶΪǹЩĲɡ
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43 
˶һҶû˯ȡ
ڰΰ֮УǹΪԼû˯ţɡѡʱһȻ糿ŵˡ
ϢѾ˽ŲԱǿʼˡ
епŲ࣬ιԱǲԸ칤ʣױǻûҲԼÿһܶҪĸɸɾƷ´ŰװҲҪϸá
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ҶԺȥϴˢڷóԽҲŷֳﾹȻжԽǶͯģͯķΧС˵ǶԽ˵Ƕͯߡ
ȻڿԸڽıȻͲݶĶԻûʲôµģĲݶͻȻðˡ֣ʱʹӡδˡˡɡ
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44 
컹δʱոָ㣬ȴѾˡ
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Ǳ߽ȥҸָ·ų̂ǽҪ߳
Сʣױܽ𣿡
ҵͷԣǿԼ۸һױֵʮ
ǳʱ򶼴˿ǸԺ죬ɻʱҪԷġ
ÿһױٶûˡ
ЩԥĳУƷһܹǵױֻһǻ߼ΣʣĲҪƱ
ңãʲô湤ĵǻǡ
ȥʱ˵ǿˣ
ȻױԣٶٳԣױϾӣһЩ۸񰺹ӵĶʵڲ㡣
ǮûȰԼĿڴ͸ɾ
ɴʱûܰĻȥ˶ԼͿ˻ܡ
̾˿ߵһǵĻϣ廨ŵİװʵڵϢĿƷ·ļ۸
ɫİװǱǣһԴ
Ŀơ
ڱǣ22?
ỹûü𾪣Ѻдף
һ
˫ĿԲ
˰ɣ


45 
пˣմӳҶͣڵſڣһװڲƣ΢е󣬵С͵˴·ǴӲѭ浸صСү
ſڵӭȥʮˣͶ󣬿Ӳʮ塣
Ҷ΢΢üֺܿչ֪ˣȥæɡ
ԭΪڻᳬеĴҲ֪ؾͰʿѾˣҪҲֻء
סصˣֱǳ˵Σܲܲñص˳
ողŸ̸һҧһҪʱȥǮӵЩߡ
ɯҲӳڸ׼һ䱸һ˾
ƽʱͣڳ棬һʬٴϮҶҲ뿪
ȻҶ˵ûʲôãϾҲڵĳ⣬κҲͽˡ
ڴ򽻵ۣҲġ
Ͼȫг򷽸ûп̸ʱ
ʲôˣҶߵſʱ̨
ģױ˵ˣһױֵʮ
Ҷ۵ͷЦ˵Ҳǵһ㡣
ֻͷ̧ͷѯʡ
ڼȻǻص߳٣ȻζĻͲá
෴֪Ҷ۳Ļ۸񲻻ıʱ뵽˻رĻҡ
Ҷ۹Ϊ⣬ΪƣһͻأҶҪƣֲһ¾Ҫꡣ
Ȼ۲䣬ôľֻǱػҼֵ
ױڼֵʮ֮˵׼ˡ
רױļֵֻǻػҲڣ
Ҷ۶û뵽һ㡣
̽һ󣬶ΪֻһĻôױļֵܻ䣬̫࣬һʱͻȶ
ҲҶ⣬ôױͻֵø죬
ܱȳˡ
Ҳ˵ֻ޶ëǾͿԳõ޶ȥΪصƽ⣬Լ֮ױֵʮҲʮ
һױļֵ䵽һǮػױɼֵʮô㵽еĶһϵͳɻص˿ص˿ƽֵ
λƽֵǵһصĻҼֵ
취Ǯ޶еë
Ҷ۵ǲ޶ë⣬޶ϵͳֲ
ҶۺΪױֵּȵʳȶĻҲҪĶ
ֽҵġֻǶ˲ԸãΪϡȱǮȴ򲻵
¡ʢУֽ˵»عҵλӡ
ʬˣ쾹ȻѾˡ
ǲˡ
ɯڲ˵ɨսĶʮϵʮµĺҲˣ
С˵취үŹġ
ȺӶſ֣ôȵɰԼʵʵ
ȻɨսȷʵҪȫװǹЩ̫ˡ
±Ϊ
ЩӹĵЩ˿϶Ҫʲô
ɯŤͷҶۣҪҪڣ
Ҷ۳˼ӣ궫˵ɡ
ʮµĺӶ˵ģǹ˼ͻΪսʧһӶԻ˵Ǽ¡
ҶۣϾǳĵһ˵ʱǴۡ
ѣĺֺαðΣգҲҪȥɨսأ
Ҷ̾ס
ɯףϰ塣
˿֮ǰҲô˿ﶼһ
иͻӵľͻ̧ӵġ
Ǳȿ֮»пôĿأ
ֻϰ壬Ծλ滹࣬жͬĺġ
öˣͻᷢһ֮ʲôı䲻ˡ

һǣһɢװɿƶˣȻѪǣѾܾöûԹˣǵĹֺͣ豸ҪŵҩͱƷ
ǣֻܿƱ
ױȻܻ׷ۣ˲ŵغ׷ۻȥɱвУ
ʻ˿򵼹Ա
źɫƷĲݶϴЦҲ֪ܲܣֻ˵Եȣȥϰ塣
ݶÿ϶ǲܻģȥǿ
ȻϢңҶȴ˵԰
ݶ˫ĿԲе˵ˣ⡢ôǡ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣û£ôҶȥɡ
ϵͳֲʣ˾Уϵͳ⡣
ǲݶֻһ˼ȥϻк˵ϰ˵ԡ
ᣬǻ׻׷ۣ
׷۱ȴ׹󰥣
Ҷ۳вɢװ棬ǰװõģȫǺӣ۸Ȼɢװ׹
һ˫۾ˣǵײֵСʲôҪʲôԡ
㣬ԼʮǮĶ
һɣǰǮáἤǮҲһգ׶໻ȥ
˵꣬ŻһǣҧҧѱǷŻԭĻϡ
ֻǴɿûţװõɿֻɢװġ
ɿнɿ۸񶼺ܱˡ
ƿ֡СŮվϹǰָϵĴͰ֣Ͱһ߿Ǯ
ɳƣ򣡡
Ұá
򣿡
ǵĿҲӦģˣͲ뿪ְ
Щ˲ǲְǲ
򣡣
԰ǳְǮܵ
ǻڼױ
ῴͬǵЩ㱣жûϿЦˣ
ļУͬǲЦģЦûС
˶ֻľĹÿһ죬Ǽ׷õҲ֪ô
ʲôı䲻ԼĴ
õĽ˳ʮ꣬սȻսϡ
δϣҲκ
ﱧһѱ˵ƷƹﳵùּеȥȻø࣬ʵڿȥȥ˸ݸϴЦ˵ӡ
˼Ľӹ޿УСʣ﹤ʶ٣ס
ǿʵڲʿ
㶣ûʹ⣬ûȫش𣬶˵ʲ٣סġ
˿ĭ
תͷĻ񣬲Ծ˿ĭ
ͷڱ˵ڡ
ǳСвԱ
꣬żĲʸ͵ҲԣסУ
ʲôܸɣۻҸɾУ
ޣ
Ϊǹ˿ͣû뵽Ȼɵġ


46 
ԭ㡰ȥְһȺ꣬ո̤оͱʿǲ͡˻ڡ
ŴС͵֤
ʿѾȷǵ֤ٵĽٴɫ˵ûʮ壬뿪أҲܴɨսΪǵʦ߹ǡ
ǻȥҪĬдٱ飬ʦҲҪһ¹ʡ
ڵ֤Ǵӡ£ӵ⹤յĴӡûУٳɱ͡
ȫûбİ취ӡµīʹ⹤գֻйٷõīϸܱ
ǲΪʲôѾͨ˼飬ǻᱻɱһǹ
ɼȻץˣǾֻԡ
˴ȥԺʿȴ˳С
ԭΪǲͷǹٷģȺС򵽶ǲζҲܹ
ʿҲȫˣֻ˼ܹĻ⼸˴
ȻܡϴֻҪǲ͵ĻǶ򡣡
˵һ۸һƳҲùԼ
ֻϴԼһĻԼװ
ҿǱҪǮͲûϴȻֻҪëëҲǮ
ʿϲ⣬ŵߡ
ȺӣǸԼӦûʲô
ûߵʳҲûƷǰѳеɢװװԲˡ
װҲ˲١
˲ŰĶߡ
ͨʿóȫˡ
¿ıܰᶯʮףҽɣ΢һͻᱻе򵽵Ĵ׻ȥ
һױܻĴʵ̫ˣൽΪԱǮ
𣿡
δˣרͶģ
Ͷֱ£Ҫ
ʲô˾УҶûԹ׷ˣ
ٺ٣һһ㳦ϧֻдװģװıɢװĹ󣬲Ȼܶһ㡣
ؼҾҰ׷ٰ㳦ˣУҪˮ
һ˵ˡ
Ļƹϰײ˿ʣȻˮ
Ķʵ̫ˣԼڲҪǮƺǳԿ
ʿֵʱȻԿСܻصأǲܻؼá
ԴӡǮֵǮԺÿÿڻһЩױԱʱ֮衣
Ͼʬʱ󷽵ĲϣصǰӣʱûвǻֲֻܿٷԼҵĴš
ҸоѾ뱲ûԹˮˡ
߲ҲûôԹ
зԾͲ֮ǰҲȥ˳ǾͲûлˣֵĻǸ߲⣬ҲŸոɲĿꡣ
ҲǣҪԷ̫࣬ϣʳѾˣҪ߲ˣ
Щģżܳһ⣬߲һ¶ԲһΡ
ͻػصķͬڽϣһ׺ʳҡУܿͱסˡ
йٷ򣬼ȫԱصΰĩǰ
С͵СУɱ˼Ѿ
Ͼϵκһ˶ϢʿץסһﷸԻòٽ
ﷸ³ȥ׳԰׺ȣǹھӪʬʱȥ䵱ڻҡ
ɱ̫ߣɹĿ̫ͣҷĲʿ
ԷǲŸҲκαװڽϡ
ЩĶģ
ھȻдףҳױˡ
Ʊģ
ҼһƱܻˣ
ǱΧסʣȥ״ȷȫǴף״۾ˡ
Ķģ
ǵĿȣȴûסᡣ
ȻѳеĴ˭֪ǼҳжٴЩԺǻܲ򵽣Ȼġ
οԺ󻹵ڻ
˵ڳ棬˳žܿ
˴⻹򵽱Ķ͸ɥʬǰͨͳһֻһ㣬еĶУ·С
ʲôʱ򿪵İ
ôῪǶȥ
󲻹ҪƱǮղգ
ҡͷҪƱղǮҲ֪ױġ
զҪױܻЩ
û뵽ױôࡣ
һױܻײܻҾȥ
ǵ⣬ԼտʼҲΪԼĶ˽ȥתһȦ۽ͳ׼ôһ룬;Լˡ
󣬱˵ľ͸һǾò˼飬һױֵʮ飬һײ塣
ȺĬ룬ļٵģ
СãɲЦ
᣺ûЦͿȥ֤ɡ
ͨǲ߳ŵģҪ֤ʾԼҪȥְܳȥ
Ҳƣʮʮ˲ܳȥ
Ļ˾ѾˣǵĲ죬ܲٶȿҪ
ĵҲӦؼңؼױ
ոջΧŷľɢ
⻹û꣬ÿߵһҪôһΡ
Ȼʱ˶ڹûй̶ڽ
ôȻ䷳Ľ͡
ߵģ㡰ɡˡ
˲УûмˣҲûйÿ¶ᰴͷͱ
Ҳֻǿš
˲ֻܵҩƷ㣬ҽԱҲ
ĵʦ߹ԷΪ׵Ⱥ¶Ѿһ糿ʦ࣬дŭ𣬻û߽͸ûи˵仹ûܳȥ
֪֪սжΣգм
ʮ뿪ȥʲôҶܣڲУ
ס
Ļû˵꣬ͿȺӰŵĴӷ£¶Ĵ׺ǹ
ʦһ㶣ȻᣬЩ͵ʣ⡢ЩĶġ
Ѿ͵Ŀڸһߺˮһʾͬ͡
ѷ֮ǰ͵˵һ顣
ʦ̻ͷ֪ʦҪʲô˵ʦ㲻ȥӦѾܶŶˣ
ʮϢ㿪š
ʦûͣ½Ųܱ˵ΪϾûȥŶǿȥҲ٣
ǻسŰ˵͹ˣ
ʦôĳУֲһֻܽӴʮˣ

ҶۿųȺĳһ˲ǱʬҪӴ
òͬЯױĶŵ˳ſڡ
Ϊ˷ֹйأԶѾˣֶֻ򿪣ÿζҪƽȥһٽһ
ҶۿڼְԱͳ档
ҪٶЩˡ
Ȼ͵û֡
ûգ̫Ҳա
ǰֻʹ࣬۵ʹࡣ
Ҷ۾λʱԱǶǹʡ
̾˿ԼǸϰ塣


47 
ǧ˶ڳſڣ߳Ķŵ˻ڣҼһɳ˲ϰŶӣԴСͰʣЩ˯
ؼ㳲й̶⣬˶ˡ
ŲôõĶӣҲ֡
Ƕԣйһһտѵõ
󣬵ôҲмʮˣеĹԱ̫٣ÿηŽ˲࣬Чʾ͵͡
̫죬ǹǲͺĹо
еĻȻԴϵͳԶϣֻܿϵͳŵֿĻóϻ
ܺͷһȵĳӪҵȲŻῪԶ
ݶҲɣҪش⣬Ҫ·ϻ
ÿ˶æýŲմأ죬ɤӶˡ
Ͼ˶࣬˵
Ҳûš
ǳ䵱ԱֵҲ˲븶ǮӲȥ
ҶۻҪɯԼһżء
ԷЩС͵С
ûˣݶȵȲܲ
ݶ꣬ԶҲײ˺ûˣ
ȴûɢԼʱˣûˣȫΧͰȴÿ˶һױѼд˾⡣
ûҪ׷ۻȥֻۣдס
˴ӳʼûԹΰ׷
֮ǰʻ㣬ƱȥʱҲֻڹϰһЩȥƻʳ
Ƕ׵Ŀӡ˹
˵𣬺ƽʱϷҼһѴ׵ʳ
ûʲôζԺǿſűӨ͸ð˲丧οģһпͷڵɢ
ݶѾЦˣǿһҲȿ޸ѿ
ָһ򣬳˵ǱߣǱߣƷǱߡ
ĻһѾߵǰ
ݶָֻܼ·
֮ǰܴ·ָֻˡ
̫࣬ڳ߶üѡ
õ·˺һɤӡ
Ьأ
ȻڲѾûˣǰ˲ȥԼ߻Ǯ˼ӹɫǲģֻ׵ȾȾĲػֻǼɫ
ûʱǵȻں·
еˣôˣѾ򵽴߲˺˿ٳƷȥ
۽·һ㣬ɫԶ࣬Ҳࡣ
ͺͲݶɳ̲ȹһҶ۾òͿ˵Ķԭλ棬϶Ҫѹֵ׵ġ
˵ĻҲҪġҶۺ̲迴żأôԣͬԡ
ôǵĶмԣнֹ˼˼Ҳܺܿ챻ȥ
ɻǣĽȻǡ
¾ͻڡ
Ҷ۲뱻һֻš
ɯͷҶ۵ĹǣŤͷʵҪҪȺС
ǵӹƶûôأȽϵ
ҶЩԥǻûꡭ
ⲻͯ
ɯǳʱڣ㲻Ӻƽķɣǹѹեǣڰǡ
ɯ˸ӣŴͣҼһźʮǹɻǶҪ
㿴Ŵʮȥѧͽ𣿡ɯ϶ɣҪᱳ
Ҷ̾ҽӲܵ⣬ҶǵĹ涨ʮδܹ꣬
ɯˡ
˶һۡ
ˣǼְڹѧǷʡҶͻȻ˵
ɯҶۣһʱ
û뵽ϰ徹Ȼôͱ˼̣ʶ˷ˡ
Ҷ۲ɯæͣ˵Ĳʣǿ԰ԣססǣǲңֱӸȼ۵Ʒ
ʵԱҲ࣬Ȼлֻ֣ڳѡ
ɯˣǿԣ֪»ʲôʱܲܳ
Ҷ۶νǲܳǿԽȥһûأЩ档
ڲʲôģڵĺƽʲô
û̫
ϾĩǰĿƼˮƽλࡣ
ҹƽ١ҶɵĻ⣬ǰһӪҵܶȽ϶࣬ͻ٣Ȼȶ
Ҷۣҵû̫ϣһʮҾˡ
ڻؾû磬Լ۸ߣռ΢¯¯Щͥ䣬û
ʵûзȻûС
ҾУȥȼϣ
̫ܷĻҲû

ҪòŷǽȥŶӵ˿ŴС˳Ľ۾ҪˣôණֵǵʱûУ
԰ǵ㣡ˣʲô
ͷĿǴ˿ǡ
մӳгֻܺ˼Ҳȱһֱڲ˵㣡
Ҹʲôû٣ոи˰˰ٽף
˻һȺˣ˰ٽҪԵʲôʱȥ
˰ɣ
Եôࣿ
ô޹
ǶΪǹٷģٷʽȱ޹Ļǰˣô죿
Ķ
Ѿҧгݵˡ
˰˰ٽ׵Ĺ˿ʹʱվڳкţǾҴųȥģΪ˰ٽףһߣһ߸һ˵ѣҾȵȣѾ͹ˡ
ЩײԼҪ˿̾˿Ѷ࣬ŻڳصĹϰ࣬׼гӵʱһЩȥҲǱߡ
ػǱȫ١
Ͼڵһߡ
Ľӹ̡˳Ȼϰǽ̲ǺöǺ档
ѧŹ˿͵Ӱ̷ŵôһ㣬Ȼ󡪡ûȻˣ֪Ҫ
˿ͣôӦƸģǰǵģ
ҡҡͷͲڸ˴򽻵˵ǣϰǡ
Զǵã˸һڻʳ
ǿʳˣȴӲūͣϻ̳Ͽ֣޲øԼܸС
˿𾪵ǹٷĹ
̵˵϶ûץסĵֵ֣ܣǳп϶ȱ˰ɣ㿴ôܲȥϰ˵һ
ֻҪӦƸϣͷµĹʶ㣬һġһĹʶ㣡
ֵܣСһûȶ
ûҸܸסǶ¥˶û飡
ϲеĻŮģ
ǿԱģ
˿ͺ޲ôʱ͸һ׮ý
ھܰ붴
ҲɵˣɰͰ͵˵еģС
Ļû˵꣬˿֪ͣеİȡʲô
ģ
ȡȡʲô
֪ԼеģҪԼˣ



48 
أλڴ󷽺ǰߵıؾ֮·ϣس˹ǹԴĩ֮Ϊ˾ÿضԼ
ֻܲ㹤ҵҲֻܸ
Ϊȶԭػأάͳһۡ
Ͷ㣬ԹʱʮСʱơ
⻹Ӱࡣ
ɹֻǹȶãΪ˱֤ÿµһĻ޶Ҳһ
ʱˣζͻøš
йŮһ𣬵Ǻζζζ
Ҫϸζûа취
ǮİԱվڳſڣˮŮ
ŮӦ֪ˣ°ʱߣ
ϹĵĶɡԱߵĴſ˵ϹԼأǶ˵ɶҲûУʬû죬ǴԼʡÿ
ǮЦЦӻߣҪɶҾʹźӸļޡ
һ룺ҲǣֵģҪɵʲôŶԡ
ǮǸɵûѣˮһϣûвдƷвдƷȻѣȴۣһ쵽վţͣˣ۾Ҳͣ
Ҳûλ˸ߡ
°ʱѾ͸ˣǮͨŰȥ˰ȻϽͷ
·Ѿˣ°ĹֻóֵͲ
ǮûǮֵͲҪӣɷҲгӸʳƱ˿ԶӲС
Դ˺ӣǮоԼûгԹһٱ
ܵźûгԱԸԼŶӣҲҪúӶһڡ

Ǯʶҿһۣȷû˿
ǶţҹѾͺˮƺװˮ·ˮε
Ҳ֪¸۵׼ʲôôء
Ǯѵ϶żʮİͣͣòߵԼ¥˿
ҪŹסլʮ¥ϻûסˡ
Ϊû磬ˡ
Ǯʱżӣһ¥ʱ˿ޱԼľһ̨׶ˡ
ͳԿף˼š
Ǯ߽ȥͿ˿⡣
ɳţ˯ˣϻһ㱡̺ͷͷﻹߣϻмֽǵͿѻ
Ǯεѡ
߹ȥӽѣۿغ˵˶ٴˣ˯ǰˣ֪֪ΣգҪô죿ÿæܻصҪ;ô죿
ӸոͱǮŵôޡ
ǮԼҲ
һ˴ӣһ˯Сʱ̫æˣ̫ˡ
¸չ˫ĸĸźڳع
ʱһ˯ȥҲҪ
Ǯ˫һţĸŮͷʹޡ
֪˶ãǮվµһ򣬲Ѿɵᣬ庢˵ǰְּ˶ҪҪ
ӵÿȥҲ죬תע˿ޣؿǮѰϽ
װĺʵ˺üƤڴ˽
ǮӹóںĿ°ѽ
һһ㣬ֱһ㡣
ǮЦ˵ôأǰָߡ
ֵ߲ǮǮҲ벻ôصĶʲô
ʳǲܵģ뼸ôõʳҲǹ̶ģЩ˹ȶÿµõƱҲȶ٣Ҳࡣ
ԵһӣװŵĶʱ忿һƨ˵ϣŵסԼ졣
СŮ裬ʲô
⣡
裡Ҫ⣡⣡
Ůſˮֻֻ֪֪Զ
ŵܷõ⡣
ǮһǿԼ
ŵϣĶûðģٴᵽɤۡѼаװõѼƤ
ЩȫŲԺͷȫǴס
׻Ĵףȫ㡣
ǮոѾֹסƺҪˣıͷͨ죬˿̾嵽ȥʳ¸ۣǴĶŪЩȥ͵ˣȥˣ
ǲǸʲôΥ£
ᱻǹ
ЩܳԡֻҪ¸͵ٵﻹڣʱ򼴱㱻ץˣӦҲɣ
Ǯҵ룬¸ΪʲôҪȥ£ûһ
裡⣡ŮɳһһҵıסǮȣˮ˳°裬Ҷ⡣
ѾþúþûгԹˣ
ǮҧŴҲܾûгԹˡ
ҪӣﻹܻԣеƱǮױ
¸ֻҪлͻóӸױƱ׽⡣
ʱǮ룬ڲ˫̥ʱͰǴ
ĶӣƺѾᶯˣܾڶ
᲻ôǣ¸ҲȰӾһǣҲûԹԡ
Ǯʱû˯ǰѺ
ĺӣһ굽ͷĴָûƯ·ûкÿߣʶֻһɫ
ʱǣ޲ðضոա
ʱְǣǺϣȥĶš
ȥǮһĨᣬϥվǽԵ
ˣںˣ¸ıץˣһ
ҪĺӳһαԵ
ûȻ¯ӺͷúǮѻ󷹡
СƨһǮƨɺͷǮȥĶǾȥĶ±Ǯ˽ŻײҲ޲֡
裬ʲô⣿СŮʵ
Ǯ⣬ԷźܾãҲ㡣
Ů棺ǰΪʲôûУ
ǮǰûУˣȥϴ֣ǡ
ŮǹԹԵͷһȥˮϴ֡
Ǯ򿪹ǣšཡðݵİ࣬˿ĭҲѾܾûԹˣм俪ʼ͸ĸһֱڵ롣
ʱڣѾȶʱڽ赱Уѵʲô˶С
Щ˶ԸɥʬôԸͬȴĺ
һγ׷ڽʱ
¸۲֪ĶŪһף׷
Լ᲻óԣȫԡ
ⱲӳԹóԵķ
Ǯϴ΢ЦǷʲôɵòС
ûʲô˵ġ
Ը⵱ˡ
ֻҪŮǳԶٺõģԶٱԸ¸һȥ
Ҳ֪¸ôˣûбץ

¸ۣҶۿǰ˰˰ٽ׵ˡ
¸۶˵ͨһҶ۹ˡ
Ҷۣ
ҼǵãﲻǴй򰡡
¸ϥȥҶ۵ȣԱߵסˡ
Ҳֱ뱧ȣүͷҶۿԼϵ᣺ϰ壡ʲôۻܸɣҶܸɣ
ܸɣ


49 
еӪԭӦʮʮԱ⻹ڳвæ¡
æʱٻҪʮʮʱ
ҶҲû뵽ôãĹ˿Ħ࣬ԭʮ룬һ˵ãҲոնʮˣǲ
ʮﻹ˺ͺӡջûŹӡ
ԭҶۻٵһȣ˵֮ȥеԱҲӦ
ɿųйźֱӺڵԱͼ¶ĵڶ쿪ǰҪʱ
Ա۳ҶԼҲûõĶȥһؾҪȥɯǻ࣬ϵɨˣֲϸ˽ͣ۵ǻۡ
ɼˣйſں⻹ųӣڶһӲҪ
Կ컹ûҲûţںëԼĳ¸ʱҶۻǶ˼
¸ûеûʣҲ۲ϼûм룬Яһ׵Ƭ
˵ͽ˻飬ԼĸĸŮĸء
Ӵڳأط־ӡ
ǹҵصأڹڰٷ֮ʮĹҵƷɳסڳ˶ǹˣÿֻߣǷΪӻСŮ뿪ĸײǺ¡
ûܳΪ˵ĳ¸۴仧
ˣСҲʮ࣬˾ʮġ硱ѾˣȥʱҲûҪǣ¸۵ӴѣʱʱҪ¸۸ȥʳƱ
¸۵Ĺֲߣʱӵ˴ùϵ⡣
ٷԴҲֻ۱ֻۡܲİϰյĻ·ˡ
һЩС£ٷҲԸ̧Թ
˶ս˿ӣĶʲôѼģ
¸۵Ҳϲ£õʱͶױõʱʡųԡ
ѼĴŵױȫ˳˴׺⣬˸Ϲ˿˵⣬ʣµľڼ͸ӼĹȥ
Գ¸Ǹȫȫ⵰һҪĸ˵
ҶȻ֪˵ĻǼ٣м漸ּ١
ȷʵȱˡ
ҪˣҲֻܴӻУһҲڶ
һҶ۾ͶԳ¸˵ҲʽֻҪʱʵƷţÿ»лֶ֣һʣԼѡ
һֽŲɾΪ˵ʲô뿪
Ҷۿų¸۵۾𣿡
¸΢죬˼ĿҶۣԷ˵ĻֻĻþ
ҶۣӦĻھϸڡ
¸ΨҶ۷ڣҴӦҴӦ
Ҷ˵ڳȷʵȱˣҲʲô˶УҲݶ
ãڻûţҼˡҶ۲ϣҲȹϵ
Ҷ۶Է˵˽Ҳͽ֡
ҲˡҶҲǿ󣬡ߵ㿪ţߵ֮ǰϻɣб𣿡
¸ҡҡͷҲӦ֮ǰΪ˴ױѱˡ
Ҷ۶˵ÿӱɡ
ϵӱǣ˿Ҳû
ˣаԲסҶۣʱ䳤Ҳ󣬻в֮ȶˣʻȶ
¸ûϻ̳Ͽ֣´ʱҶ˵̫ǷģҲ֪Ųɵ˵̫ȷʵǷġ
ˣҶ۲ſɳϣ˯ؿʣҺ
ʮ㳬вŹţⲢǵĹͽˣֻܿŮ붯ԱȰѻȫѾ賿㡣
ҶӪҵûʹҴҳ˯
Ϊ¸ۣ𴲡
㣬ֻ˯˲ĸСʱ
ոǿž¸˵ڳ¸ˣҶ۵ƤͿʼ罺ᡣ
̾˿ȥ˯ɣʱͺúϢʲôҰ㴦
Ҷ۱۾˵ô˼
ĬƬ̣ûʲôǰ
Ҷ۴˸ǷûĻ˵ʲôû
ҡҡͷ˵ôӲȥҲܹȥϢ
ҶЩɻ󣺡ո˵ôĻ
ûٽӻҶ·˯ȷҶ˯ź߳Ϣҡ
ԱҲˣһ߸ɻһߴǷæ̫ȥ˯ˣڲоɨ
ڹ˿ͻһ򣬷ǴɨҪǺľ
ֵܡҶ˶۴ʣϢˣ
ûڵʱǻǲԸҶϰ塣
ˡ
ڵ˶ΪҶȻˣΪ·٣˷֮ҲۻʻֻˡˡҲǻϣͷ˵ɲһ¡
ǶȻ
ڳһȦȷԺߵſڡ
ųɳӵĻؾŴС˲֪Ķҳ䣬ÿ˶ȫҲվڳ⣬
˿εɥʬӶ
˫۾ųдţֻܳпţǾͳȥ
뵽ڵĻأȻͬ
ﻹᣬйأзɣǻûбƵ
ǵȻеȻϣû䵽ľȥ
ٴʱǻҪŮҲҪ
һڵʱǵİȫ϶ܵõϡ
˿άҷֱʱ˵ϾͻòֵһᣬŮ˶ǰͳͳò
ԴԶֻڽ˵
²ȴҪΪϲ©ôһͷѪ
ŶӾ
ԼҲй񣬿дȶůĵƹ⣬Ǹˡ

¸ڻص·ϣЩ㱣²ŵƺ·ơ
ôκķ˾ʹ˭Ķ
Ȼֻ֪ôһ֣ƶԼһҵԷϰ彻һǵɲɣ
зĿ̫ˣʶľĸ
˻ش˳¸۵⡣
¸̻ǹλϴЦޱûʮ壬ɫ̫á
𻰵ҡҡͷʶǳˡ
¸Ҳ٣Էлͼǰ
ôԹķʽһһֵҹȥߵ˹ĸ
ŶᰡĴָŷ˵ͷǺ࣬ʲôˣݣ
¸ҡҡͷǱ
徯Ŀɱʲôۣǻؿɲ󣬳ܲˡ
¸ۿЦãİɣھ͹ȥˣ
ģȻܿҵڳԷķᡣ
һУǶûԴʱҲͶǵʵʲôԶʱԵͱ
ÿһױûжġ
ٷҲֻǳױż͵̲ե
˻ٶеӪֻء
ԼĴȫ˳ǵʦȥŶӣѷĴױȫ˴׺㳦ΧһŰ׷ζ
¸ŷ㶼̲ס˿ĭ
̫࣬Լ᲻óԣףû׷
¸ĭĴ̫࣬ͷЩۡ
Ƶ룬аʱܳʲô
ö룬ܲܳƬ⣿
ȫǷ⣬ʵõͣ֬ζζС


50 
ҵģЩ֣ʶ¸ۣ¸۵ߺ䣬֪Լ߳ģҲܸŶԷȥƫƧĵط
ߵſڣ𣿡
һĻͬǡ
ĵĺȫ޸ĸʦͨѧ˱ţϾһȺδСӣûиĸƺǸ˾۸ǡ
ֻţҵֱͦ
¸ҲûаǰȺӵӡĻ
ûиĸ۰ĺӲŻᱻˡ
¡ʢУ֪ɣ¸ѹɲñ֪ˡȻûŰݶȥأлҪˣҲϣ
ԼȥӦƸ˵ܸݿţҲˣٿԼʱ֪ƵϢˮ¥̨ȵ£˭
ͷ¸ۣҸһ˵
óǺӵͷǸ
ʱмĵȼϵȳ˸
꣬ǺױȨӰ졣
ʱͰšȨݡ
ֻҪ˵˾ͺá
ᳯ¸˱˰׵ľ룬¸ֻ˵ʱϰԸԸȥóƷ֣µ׿Լԣס
¸ΪһܾʵҪʱ俼ǵĻҾȻȥǡ
ɴ˫ۣ΢΢ϵ˵ãھС
Ǹߡתͷ飬ԼСġ
ֻҪСУôˣ¸ǸˣҲȭѵ֡
ᣬ㲻ȥַͬỹվԭأǲؿ
ҡͷ岻ãȥ˱ֲþҪǡ
ͬæ˵ǰɻȥɣ
԰ܰɣ
һ˵ĻǼһ־ͰˣѲʲô¡
һȥɣᣬ㲻ȥǲġ
û˲ҡͷУΪһˡ
Ĺ£ҧҧ´
㲻ȥҲȥˡ
ǣпһˣкùʱû㡣
㲻ȥԸһǹֲʽҪͲҪ
˵ôϻѵô𣬡ȥȥ
ᷭ˸ۣСȥһռռǵıˣǲȥռ˭ıˣ
ͬǣ
Ȼее
̧˸ϵƣ߿ߣҹˡ
Ȼĵİ׷ǻûԵ죬Ҳһٰ׷Ͷٶٰ׷ȫʵʵĸų¸ǰе·
̲סʳ¸ۣԵĻʲô
߲𣿡
ǲǶ׷
¸ҡͷҲ֪Ӧò̫ɣ
˳ȫǰľɥģ
Ҫˮͺˣ֮ǰˮôѣûϸǮ
ʱùʻ
ùʻɣҲŲҪͻܾ÷ŵʳ˭֪ⳬʲôʱͲˣ֮ǰĳвҲ𣿸տʼҪƱϾȻͿʼҪƱƱ˶Уû
԰Ҫ໻ܾ÷ŵĶûá
ף׷ۣƷЩá
ˮҲҪɣҲҪһ㡣
Ȼûпʼϰ࣬Ѿ֮ĹҪôһȺ˼ѹɤţ·ܿǵȸԾ
¸۱ϾǳˣôϲϣȺӵĻҲƺһ
ҳлῪãٶʱڣǲõĵڶʲôˡ
һ¾˱ͷһ̲˾ˮ

ȻѾǵڶ߽УĺǻڽȥԺҿĿϾӣݶƷǵʱǻΪƷƷ
ȺСݶæѵƷϰʱҪɲӳôõӣҲÿ
ǵƷ֮ǰҶ۸ԱĶҲǷţϸλûóɣλ浹ǲ˷ѡ
һϴȸߵкС˵Ǯ𣿡
ݶҡͷǮ°ʱ򻹻һףϴﶬµġ
գգۣҪǮ
ݶǲҪǮǲɵʱҪƷ£ܸ˴
˵ֻҪвǣǾԲߣ
ݶЦԣ뷨źã
˰СʱϤҪܴʹ·˲֪ƷĶǾҪ˹ȥҪȱˣæҲҪȥҰӣǰæϻ
Ȼ󣬵ʵҲͼȻǵЩЩƷټסʳƷȼ
۱˵ȥŰɡ
ڳŴţ˸ϻ
¸ۺСҲϻĶ顣
ǵѹʱС˲١
ҺĻһۣ϶д˼ᶨڿǰСųȥȴ󺰣ҪӵСĲ̤Ҫ
˱ĸ࣬컹вپûõϢ켸㳲
ŶӵľǷǳӣֳ״ǶԺ֪֪Ƕ֪
Բ쿪Űɣ
ԶԶԣ˭˭˵
ӡ˵ʼǵĻȻˣһȺȿֺغ˭˭±ӱ
˭˭ùһӣ
˭һӴ
˭һӳױ
ҳڵĲݶ˵ͷݶﰴԶӦŵĿء
ſһ̣һ룺Щ˶ôصԣӦǲἷ˰ɣ
Ȼ
һȺģùһӡģģҪһＷ
ǰͷĴͷ棬ͷĲ
Ҽȥˣȵ˵϶ȥ𼷣˵˱𼷣
ĺҲȥ
ȺƵǵ޷ֹǵĲ
ѾСάֲסΣ˳ᣬϾҪȥ
Ҽúˣ𼷰
Ҳں𣬿ɸû˵
û˶šнû족ͷ壬һҲ򲻵ˡ
˵Ķ˵ϣƱǮС
˵ױ˵ϡ
մ˻ң˲š
ױҵױſȥ
ҿøεѣһץס˵֣˻ߣſȥ˵Ķ
ֻҪſȥҲˡ
ڶҵʱһǹͻȻȺԴ
顱һȰ뾯涼
ֵȺȻ
˶ǹķ
Ųǹѹѹǹڶ׼Ⱥ˵
Ƕڱ˽£ǹ¡
Ҳ±ԡ
΢̧°ͣûб飬ڵûκ仯
̬


51 
ȳǹµõ˶ƣ˲ùӵˣҲͨϲսΪ˻ȶǺܶۺҲûǹ
ҲٽУڶԱš
ֵܣ㡣άС˵֪ҾͰǹˡ
Ժס
ҵͷ
˵٣ɵ˲Ըﲻãǡǡ෴Ϊ٣ԹԱǶܿɿ
һܻ𳵣б£˾ڴţ
ոϸڵʱǺ֪ܿɡ
¸۵ͷǺԭΪϻҪһСʱ
Ͼ϶ѵ
ɻʮӣС̳Ǻȥϻ
Ķ˵ͰƺԶǿգһŤͷҪϻˡ
ʮһ룬ҪϢʱ򣬳¸۵˫Ѿ̧ˣδԼô屻Ϳգ·Ʈ
ֱݶﺰԻع⣡ϰ˵ˣǳԺõ㣬ɻ
͵ҿأ
ִݶȻǹ
Լƴɻ˵ҪලҲһ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺãȥƿ֭һ£ʱҹۡ
ݶ룬Ҷ۵Ļ˵ãȥһϰ˵ҪԺúȺãЩˡ
ĲݶѾѧ˰֣Ȼд֣иַŴҼǵøԱճѶǡ
˼˺Ҷ۷ֲݶǵȻЩȷʵûг⡣
˴ûһһëԵϣֱӰԱĿ֧˲ݶȥǡ
˶ԺǾں֧ӳԷ۵Σʰ
¸ߣЩ㱣Ϊŵ㾫ܡ
ɵû࣬ݶѡʱѡʱ廨⣬֮ǰطֻͣҪһ壬;ͳˡ
һ㶼壬ԽŴģ˰ͷ̽ȥ
׷ǱߣԼݶѿ뷢
Աͼȥǳ¸ڶ׷ĿС˲١
ֱضŲƬӣֲҳ
Ա˼һ󣬲̲סһСķŽ
˵Ѿ⣬Ҫβˣջʵ̫βͼвסˡ
¸۱֪ͣ֬Լ̫ȱˮǲݶ̫ãûиоһ壬ϧ׽ţֱλϣæȥеڶƬ
¸ۺȺӣйԱǾԵ˹Ķˡ
ǲȱˮȱԣ⣬Ǹϲ⡣
ҿӸŲ߲ˡ
ЩθСģƬԺͲ⣬ֻ߲ˡ
¸ڿٵĳ˺üƬ־ȻûԣٶҲȥԼ뷹
˶Եò࣬Ҫӵʱ򣬳¸۲С˵Աߵˣʣµݷ𣿡
ʵˣ㲻Ӱ
¸ЩΣȴӲͷƤʣ̫ˣһûԱ
ʵˣݰɣֻҪĹУϻء
еĹԱ̫٣ܻ࣬ܲһֱǳԷҶ۹涨һСʱϢʱ䣬ڼţٽӴ˿͡
Աǳ극Ϳһߣ߻زֿɣϢ
ʣµֻг¸ۺͼӣǰʣµķ˶һϣΧһԡ
¸۰ѻϺཷ֭ѷȣ̻ʡ
ҲõĶȥڳͣкŮθﶼһ޵׶ͷԣԵͷҲԸͣ¿ӡ
ǿܳԡҶǵĳһ
һѩްԷģ֪ĻΪЩ˸г
ˣްѺӽңţǰҲòĶȥ
ޣ㶼ǵһ ʱ۾ˡ
ҸЦҶ첻ǵˡ
˵ǰ첻ǵˡ
񳯲ϦɿʣʬӣѾϱӵˡ
˵Ҳ֪ˡ
ңϷĸֵعӰɣһֱȢϱǵĶӦܳɼˣޣҲζ
ʱҲ˺ˮʱʱ̸ǰġͬ¡ϣǹúá
Ҳ֪Ժ󻹻᲻ȥ

ĵ㣬лæʱҶյڷϢ
ѾչڵǮųӸϹ
ҶһʼΪһױ
ɵӿʱҶ۲㾪°͡
ĲױʲôʳҲû˹ġǮ
һǹ
оѻǹвǹлǹǹ
Ҷ֪ǹڶ˹
ڴӻһøͨûƷҲŻҳϻһĺӡԼ벻⣬ϴظЦشյģҪǹã˻Խǡ
ǺǹûӵڿⷿҲҡ̾˿ͳһ̸ҶݹȥߵʿҲᵽйÿζߡ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣Ҳ̡
һ㶣鲻顣
Ҷۣɡ
̵ʱ䲻࣬ûһ˳̡
ڵԺ˵ЩǹֵǮױǲӲͨ
Ͼ˲ֿܳȭɥʬһǹİȫǾ޴ġ
˵ٹڸʧȥϵǰľ̶һʲơЩ̵˵ЩӣҲ֪ںûС
ڽ򲻵ǹ
ҶۣһٰǹÿжٰѣҺü۸񡣡
ѴӡõıݹȥҶ˼Ʒص˳ڡ
ϵͳǹ۸񰺹һǹҪʮ
ҶɨǹɨǹȻջصļ۸̳ܺļ۸ȡ
һǹֵǧ㡣
ѻǹͲǹļ۸һһѡ
ǹһͦ
Ҷ۶ܼۣ㹻ˣһٶʣࡣ
Щǹһֵһǧ߰ٶ
ϾϵͳȻһǧ򣬿ڵļ۸һǧ
ǮֵӪҵֻʣһ롣
Ҷ۲׼ѳڼ۸ǹǮܾеǹλ涼ӦӲͨ
ЩǹôҶʳ档
Լǹûаоֻоˡ
棺ȻܺãҲвٶǰϿ䶼Ҵˡ
ҶۣԭͬķﻹвͬĿʽ
ͷϰ壬˰ɣ֮ǰȥüλ棬һǹֵʮʮڻϵͳ̫ˡ
ǣһѲǹǹ׼ͷͲ̫á
̧ǹ۾׼ǡ
Ҷۣڵ
Цûӵ
ϰ壬ʲôϵ״Ʋʡ
ҶҲû⣺ӶͱӶĹϵѰɣôˣ
Щ֣һΪʶ㣬ǰܳڹӶǶ񣬱绤Ա֮ģǰ˵һλ̫á
Ҹоˣֲ֪ԷĶֻܹܲͣӶϻλ档
ڹӶҾ;˵ҵˡ
ҵǸôˡ


52 
賿˶ڼӰ࣬ǹ֧Ҫɨϵͳ
˿̫࣬ǹֻܶѻڳкţǰźʼɨ롣
ҶɨСʱͿʼͷۻȻûмۣ͵һֱɨ첲ܿ͸оԼġ
ֻ
Ҷ۱滻ȥϢ
ˮкʣ˱ǵˮݹȥ
Ҷֽӹлл
ˮã˿ϲġ
Ҷ𣬺޲вﶼǣǴζĲԶ
ֵǣֻϲζĲˣӲɿôԡ
ˡҶ۰ˮŵһߣʼ󣬡죬˵ˣ
΢΢һ٣ûзϣ˵ģ
ҶЩԻǲȻأ̸ֲģҶ۶ûпԽĵˡ
ǲҸһеģҶۣҾú֣ҿĲǳУϵͳʲô
͵ϵͳĶǿԽλ潻׵ˣᣬ彡ǿ
˳Уٻ̵꣬ε;Ƶˡ
Ҷۺ棺ôˣô
ϾǰǹúãԼ֮Ҳܹãиġ
Ҷ۳εĿ
ٻ̵ϰ廹ţʣˡ
Ҷۣ
ΪʲôҶ۲š
ִѧձҵͿе˶ţЩܿƵͽεϰô
Լ֪ĶҶۡ
֪㻵ǵһλͽ˺ƽһǽλԭ˵ǮƸ˹Ա
ƭˣȥͣ㼸ԱȰȥ
ΪȻҪ⣬Ҫ͵˴ùϵο׼ӱعˡϵͳӶ̫ˡ
Ȼ
ʲôʿǸͨˣǸͨˡ
һɱԺͰĽΪС
ϵͳӶĹԱڹԭؽɢҲûõͻصԭλ档
һùһ㣬ѵĿͷλ÷ˮȻڵλ淢չĺܲ൱ԭʼūĹڣеһûȱ
ҶֶͬΣɵȵݰװԼջһʵͽ
ϣֻҪͲ¡
ȻǣԼûȴ˹ӶԱ
ԱûԶɱںƭǩתЭ󣬹˰ȥ£ȥ
ϵͳжԭԱͼ̳һСԭλݡ
Ҷ󲻺ʲôм̳ԭλݣ
ǩתЭ󣬺߻̳ǰߵһУƲݡ
Ҷ۵ɴ۾ԭϰźأ
ƽ˵ȻҲɼ̳ߵģĻһֱٰȥֻҪصǸλ档
̳еĲֻԭϰĲƲ֤Ҷһңϵͳôģ̳̳з
ϵͳںϰ˭Ӧ֪йԱӣΪöԷҲܺúø򹤣ṩô
ԱǮۿõ˵̣ͻҪһԾλ棬þԭ˵λ棬λкϷݣܻмͥѣҪ˼ܵõ
ϵͳĽ
Ҷۼʲôıƺ
Ϊϵͳɻ
Ҷ۲ţ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷʵ࣬һϰ嶼֪ǩЭ飬ΪЭϰԸǩЧ
ҶۣΪʲôǩ
ϲȱܿһߵڰ׵ˡ
Ҳ֪ǸϰΪʲôǩʱûڰ칫ƭǸԱһʮֺҲͿϸɣƽʱҲ˵ֻͱ֣ôǸ̤ʵϺˡ
ԭλȥˣҲһνܹӶܶ˵Ϊλ˱ȳΪӶáҶۣ֮ǰҲ㲻ҪóȻˡ
ҶؿڣҺѡ
Ŀ¶ɻҶǣͲģ
Ҷۿ˭㣿
뺦ңͺˡҶϣ󱳿ǽһӣұϵͳŪѾܲˣҴһλ濪ʼʲôͶзա
˻Ƹˣһûգ
ȻϵͳˡҶ°ͣҲȷʵˡ
Ҳ࣬Ŭɡ
Ҷ̧ͷЦҲô֪࣬ûдġ
ʣôȷǷųߵأ
Ҷ۵˫ۡ
Ҷʼ磺ʵҿ˺׼š
ҶЩ˵Ҿ츳ǸﲻԣҲ˵ֻ̫ҪӴһʱ䣬Ҿ֪ܲ
ǰǻҶԵͺܺã˧ѧϰȻһ㣬Ӳ
ǴϷȻĶ⣬Ҳת
ԸӴ˺ܶ࣬Ǹ˭һ
ΪӴ˶ˣѧ˿ˡ
ɫͻһЩʲôˣ
Ҷۣ֡š
־ܼᶨˡҶһݵ˵һǲϲԼ˿صĶ㶼ôأĿ꣬ҲжΣգܼᶨƵȥ
Ҷۿе񡣡
촽򣺡𣿡
Ҷۣûôࡣ
΢΢üҺࣿ
Ҷ֮ǰӲЦݣæ˵಻࣬ͦ׺ġ
ˡҶǿתƻ⣬ͳôʶģ֮ǰ
Ҹһ𱻹Ӷ
ɿͼǮԭλֻΪ˶ǹ
Ŀĵ
ҶۣԶأƽʱô˵ʱߣҶûڡ
룬ԼǺԶʶ̫ãΪʲôʶ
˺һż˵ǰʶġ
ǲ̸ҶҲûжʡ
ÿ˶в뱻֪ܣαʵôϸ
ȹȥˡҶ۰һˮȥȥɨ롣
վԭûߡ
΢΢̧ͷҶۺԶ׻к
ԶԱ߽ˮûпʣôֱӸ
ɫãˮֱӲʲô
Сʱȹ
ȻͻѸٽܣΪǸҵˣ
ƳԶףΪ졣
Զվֱ壺һʲôû˵ô׸
Զף͵ŰɣϰڽλԾʱǲʱŵģζֻҪԭλ棬ͻ᲻ϲ
˵ʱʵѾǸˡ
Ҫһ꣬Ҳȣ
˵ƽʱûа㲻ͬ
ƽ˵ȡ


53 
ʲôûгȸߵСްأ˫ȵڿУ΢죬СС˿ڿˮʣû⣿
˴ӳŲˣЦ˵⣬
С˷ܵؽ⣡⣡
ܳŶ˰Ѳ˰ϣõķ̫졣
ۿǽϹŵӣȻʱͷغϵһȫָʮʱ⴫
˿첽˷ţֵʣûԿף
ſڵŮŴСЦҰ費ȥЩøҵġ
Ǻ̫СŮҪһߴ㹤һߴӣûʱȥ
ߵĸĸͶ廹ӲʣԸȥڼһױûˡ
ȡ֮ǣͰǿſűĴף㳦ϰ߲ˮ
Ϻ͸ɫҲ˳
ǰ˵Ӻصɥʬǰ
Ů˲֪ɥʬǰ羿ʲôȷʵС󣬹õӣȻۣصҾķˡ
ȻżƤʱ仹ġ
ɷȻóԣҲûѳԵҪĵز
οؼһȷʲôأ֮ǰɶһΧһױ
ʲôˣŮ˰Ĵӽɷ򣬰ԼĺӱЦ׺ӵĶͷ
ӴŹǣ
Ů˿ɷ򣺡ȥˣ
ɷףȥŵĶӡ
ȥ򵽶˵ˡ
ȻѾһ£ܶ˶֮ǰʮСʱŶȥ˻Ǳ϶ࡣ
ŮˣǱȥ̫ˣû·ơ
ΰٺöҪСġ
ˣ֪֪ˣȳԷɡ
ضʱ䶼磬ǹڣƽʱֻйе硣
޷ţ˹һҹͻ
Ա뵱ȥ
滹ϡӣͷһƿ֭
ŮЦⲻҰ֪㰮𣿡
۾΢΢죬գգԺ˵ԷԷȥܲҵ
Ů˰ڰ֣ҲڹңҪʵҲڼҿӣгУһ˵빻ˡ
ڹǽ㹤ʻõױױڳеĶһ۸Ȼ½ʮʮˣ׵һȣ׵ڲҪǮ
˵ԼСˣĸҲһ
С˵ǻҪСģҪǳ첻ô죿óųлڿţױȥʳ
ˡʱ˵ҿó׷ɱȥл
ŮͣϴֵĶʣ𣿡
˵ͷ˵һ۸ױĶһ۲һ
ױֻܶһʮţֻлױһ롣
ŮЩãɹ˻ûɹҼǵóе׷Ļͦ󡣡
ˣɹ˰ɣٳɱһױһϡ
ҲȥŮˣмȻû˵УҲģǿ϶Ҳ
ǮҲΪȥлӣױã
ŮԽԽǸ⣬ҲǸ⣺˻ûӦ˻࣬Զ㡣
밡֮ǰصױֵʮֵֻʮˣ֮ױ۵˶ˣ˵ʮŵʮ飬ʱռ͡
ŮˣȻֻһʿǮڼְңﻹкӣ㲻ܳȥְ
ô붼
ԣȥŶӣ׷ۻҲ¶Ц⡣
ǰС벻ˣڼŻʲô
ںӴˣҪ˵ĵطˣһһʱ䶼˯
ںӲҪˣο˭Ҳ֪лῪʲôʱ򣬲ڶڵȳйˣ޶ûطȥޡ
׼ױ۵Ĳֹһҡ
ȱٹλضԣôһ۵Ļᣬ˭Ҳ

ľⶫãʿڸֻǰֱĿűסĹڡ
òȻڣܾãԽǻڵĶԽûãôֵһǧĶ
ʿС˵Ǹϰ᲻ǿˣ͸һ
ڵΪֹûùҪҩֻҪչܣһҪһ£ȴֻʹһΣʹùҪ³ܡ
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ȻֻķҲҲʤޣƽʱҪĸʿְ
ڳ̣ԴԺҪǰٳĶԶƣĲ˿Ʊߡ
ҾǶһѡ̾˿ʵڲУܲ˿
ʿһ㶣˰
ڣֲУûͲ˵
οЩǹС˵ǰѹϿսòˣǵҪµġ
ʿüôòˣǶȱҩ
ڣһǹԷ۶ãȱӵҩǹ
ǹúܾã⻹޲ҩƷùһξûˡ
Ըضлѹǹ֧ȴûлѹӵҩ
һǾе㲻סʿԥô˵ЩǹõģҪûãҲ̫ˡ
ڣܲˡ
ʿ˵ɣǸгֵôΣ϶к֣˵δˣ˼Ұťо͸ɴһȥˣʲô취
ЦЦδ˾͸룬δˣùǣΪʲôҪҪЩϿǹ˿Լ𣿡
ʿһ룬Ҳܾ̾òġ
ûԹԵ˵֪һʬʲôʱ
뿴ڵʬ̫죬ûȵܽ
ʱһʿҼһܳ԰׷Ҳ⣬ʳûʳҲˣҽ羹ȻԵҶûԼˡ
ũȻҪСʱ˳⡣
ĸͲ࣬Ĳ͸ˣûܾļһ㶼ΪũԱĸ
ũĹңԴȥֻΪ˼
״򹤶С
룬ʿ˵ܸܲк
ʿЩãȻʲô
ڵͷʲôûУʶҪ󷽷䣬ܿУҪ첻ˣҲҪǲȫģǵԼС
ҩˣֳаɣ
ػֲûпյء
߳ģѼУһ㡣
ھԼⲻʱˣҲ㹻ĸλͲ
ٲٹǰɿױӡ
ǹˣ
ܺԺ˻ô˵ϣûϰչӡ
ȥϰ̸̸ɡ


54 
ҿֳҶʱ˶ˡ
һеģôȥֳֳ˵ȫ֪ʶä÷һֻòɱ֪
ȥֳҶÿѪ޹׼
ҡͷ㿪ǺڻѾûʲôǮˡ
ȻʳˣܵǮױûˡ
Ҷ룬ҲǣصġҡڻױΪױڳйԾǻûϹٷеֽҡ
οˣֽҲֵǮ
ΪֵֽǮˣڱĻضֵǮǻǵڲֵǮ
ؽϵͳĻԼпͨ»ҡ
ϾֻһصĸˣԼлңֻͨ¶Ρ
ڣϸǹҶѾϰгᶼȶʬ֪ʲôʱҾ취
ﻻҪǳģֵȶĶ
ԭòεʼ磬ǻزҲܼҼһ֯
ֲǹŴڻм֪ôִ֪֯֯
οˮ߳Ĳܳ䵱𡰻ҡְ𣿱ϾһԴԴϵĲ
û죬ڳоûйˡ
ϾĻأǴͻأĹ١
֮£ũƷļֵȶҪʱ䣬ױļֵ֮û̫࣬ΪȶͻȻ򱬼
Ҷۻǲףôô㣿
ֻܿϵͳһﱣ治ãһֱŴ¸λȥ
ҼѼһģĸλļ۸񶼲ߣıҪûС
΢΢ҡͷ˵ĺһʣҪĶ¶ҪҪʱǿŵ㡣
Ҷ۰ˣǶҪʲôиңܽ͸ǡ
ڸоȻһɣЦҲôʮ˵ͺãûרҵԱⷽרҵ鶼ûҳص֪ҪԺյ
䳵ӽ׷㣬ٷˣеһ١
ȫǰȫԺҲҵˣ鷳Ҳ鷳
ãм⵽ʬһļһ궼
ҽ˰ѱг뿪ʱҶš
ڳſվš
⻹УڸҶ۴򽻵ʱ䳤ˣƺͨϰ壬˵Ҳ׽֮࣬ǰʵ⣬Ҳʳˡ
Ҷ۵ͷû֮ǰˣҲã֮ǰ̫æˡ
æ˯ζڸɻ
ھӪѾ죬ԱǲҪȥָ㣬ڳûҲӪȥ
ĿϳҶ۲ŲӻϢҡ
ʵ̫ڴ򽻵ʲôԣǶԷҶ۾оС
ҶԼλ棬ӴĹپǴѧУУҲٵĻ
صϢң˶ʮӣȻԣϵͳ̳ǡ
ϵͳȻ͹Ա϶Ҳ֮ǰҶۻ
Ҷ۷˰Сʱ㷭˼Ѽ죬Щ࣬ţЩҲ
һЩֳҪĻ͹ҲС
Ҽ۸񶼲ߡ
Ҷ۷ϵͳ̳ǵ۲Ϊλ仯ı䡣
ǹ֧ϸλ滹λ棬۸ûб仯
ǹ֧ΪĻϵͳĶʵǿϱˡ
Ҷ۰ЩһҳԱߵıʼǱϣһ߼һ˵㶼˽λԾˣôϵͳúøĸĶУǸλ棬ֹappرϸѧѧ˼ң
˵ģôŪﳵÿضҪ·
Ȼɰ缦
Ҷ۷ɧһʱ䣬Ѿϰ˵ˣû
ʲôҶڴ߿
ȶҲ㣬ԱǣϵͳԱҶ۶ʼݡ
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վû׼
Ҷۣ׼ҵģʱΪϻ᲻Զ
Ҷ̾˿ǲǰ
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ᡣ
Ҷۣе࣬ңʲôᡣ
ԣô˵£ϴˢҲᡣ
ˢĲǰڼҵʱȫˢ˵ˢһˢ鶼ǿÿˢﭹµһ
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˵ʱҶ۾һԻԾգʵûѧΪҰеľʱ䶼ѧôˣѧʱһʱҾȥְ
һֱ˵ѧԺȢϱ
Ƶ̾˿ҼǱ߶еĸСӲ⡣
ϱֵʱв˵һָгһӡ
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Ҷһ㶣ԣҸոջࡣ
ҳȥ˵ˡҶҷʡΪԼ㻰죬Ҳڱв˵ʱ졣
Ҷ۵ͷʱĶͻȻʣ飿
Ҷ۲׻ôģǻش֪Ҿ¿ԵʵĻһ˾ͽ飬ʵĻҲǿ󡣡
ʲôкʣ
Ҷۣôݣ
ž㿴˵ʱ򣬾÷ɰɣҶ̾˿Ҳ˵ĸ
ƶĺ汦ĸʲô˼ĵ
Ҷ۱Цˣǣ˵Ҵĸ̥ʼǵû̸
û̸Ϊʲôûϲ㣿
ҶεЦЦҲǣֻǰɡ
ǰϲʱ򣬾ŮˮëٴҲ֪Է˼ҲԸͱ˽Ӵֻչѣʵʲô˼
ŮһʼΪװĲ顪û
֪ôŮദԾͷոģʽ
ͱ˼Ҹ˵У⿪˼̲꣬˵ζܺá
ܻأڲ̲裬Ҳȣ׳֣ϻð
֪˼ҵ˼һȥ̲裬ҲǿԼᡣ
ŮΪˣѻ㲻
˾˰ɡ
ôĪģҶ۳ΪŮ֮ѣ١
ҶҲԼȴЩ顣
żº̣Լ⡣
ɻǶ룬ҲΪϲԷϲϲӷΣԷ˵¿˼̲ꡣ
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Ҷۣһûϲġ
Ҷ۵۾ϲʲôģ
Ҷۣ֪



55 
֣ݶССķһ
ݶŲӣһ˫ŵ۾ʱҲԲˡ
ҲûõĶȥԴӽ˳ǽһȣһ㶯ǾͻŵûǽǰǾûʲôͬͷһ
ǽ˳ţŷȫͬ
Ĵ֪ʲôһûһʯͷ·Իʯש̳¡ʯשĻ
һķݣ̧һֹ㡣
ȻڳǽʱҲܿݵϲ㣬ûߵ¥ǰܵ𺳾ûô
Ϊǹգֵߵ˲࣬·߻С̯ӣϰ̯ߵСϡ
̯ϷųƣǰдţС⣬Ųˣֻֽᣬױɳиˡ
ԭױкúǮˡ
صױǹͳһԴСһ
СһǶ˵̫ȶѽ
ҶҲţֻûвݶôԡ
ڲʵִû̫
صǰӦĳ̫سǣķСȽ£ԽԽϾɡ
·ҲһԽߣ·ҲԽխ
͹Ʋ׵ãҶû·Ͽһ
ֵܡҲҶֻۣȥڶĩβıܸӣ־˷ܻӣôģôôߣȻû
ǼģҲ֪κηߴԽߣػҪԽӾҪԽ࣬ϷҪԽխ
뽨ҪݣôҲüˣԣʮȥɣ
òʧ罨СԺķѵĲϺ١
οЩһխܼ
͵еҪ̫


ҶԺչ˵Ҫƥ
æͷǡ
Ҷ̾˿
ԱǶ̫ϻ̳Ͽ֣Щ˵ˣǸȥ˵ʲôǶֻ˵ǣ֪֮ƴӣԼ˼
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ʩҶڵλû𣬵̶ֳȫᲢۣ·ˣ˻٣ɿɻ
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ȥרΪֳֳء
Ҷṩ֧֣ڲ׼ɢѼԹӪͼӹһʱҶˣҲֳ̫
ԭҶۣҶˣŲȴأԼ߹ȥ˫۹۲ء
¸Ա߸ĽͣӵҪϾˮֽɰʯЩǰ׵ã۸Ҳ󣬽ӻ˶Ǯ˵ǰӲŹΪƤ󡣡
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ϼΧȫǻɽٵĿأԶһ㣬峤ǲܵġ
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ڶˣŷԼǰĲ˹ӡǸûˡ
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ҪźˣѼ
ǲûеõӦõĶûԼ֣ʱĹҲֻĳĳϡ
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ŮǲףΪʲô
벻ԭѾŬˣŬɻϸϸٸɶ٣ΪʲôǲвƲȴУ
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Ǽʶ˸أôԼԼǮŮڷ֣ǵĸջʵ̫
ǰǵĸ߿״Ԫ¸ҫ
Ůǵɴ۾Ů˵𾪣ŮҲܶ飿ԣ
״Ԫ
ܿ״Ԫ
ŮҲܿ״Ԫ
Ҳ𾪣ŮҲܵ٣
ǲǺͻһ
¸һ죺˭
ˣľ
¸ۣľǽ׹ǣҲý׹
˽Ƕʵ׵ĻǼ޻Ȣ


56 
Щǳе𣿡˿һȺ˺ƺƵ߹вɵͣ½ŲȥǼ˶УЩ˸ÿ춼ҪһΡ
ڲ˹ÿȥŶӣ׷ۺͻؼƳױٷƷױһһ۸
Ƕ֣еԱΪʲôܿ
Ҳɻأֺ߳ŭڳ󳳴֣˳һ˺Ժ󶼲ٽ
֮᲻б˰Լø֪зֱóױԴҪ۾ͺúɻء
ȻǶ㲻ױΪʲô÷ֳгͻس
߾ʲôѲɻسױҪһ㣿
벻ͨҲȥԼ᲻ᱻӳУԲ˸Ǯʱʵ˵Լױǳ׷ġ
ҶҲֲڿԼЩ˼͵͵Լͷûը
˯˲ã𴲵ʱмͷǲĴëֻˮĨȥ֪û
¸ۣ˴ӲԶȳ¸˵ץס˳¸۵ĸ첲һ˫۾ɵϴ󣬳¸ֻͣ½Ų֮ٸȥ
¸ϳǰˣǰͬ£֮ǰһɹһεʱӻ
£¸۲飬¶µõԷҪ˵ʲôԴϰ֮󣬰˱ûߴð˴̶ˣѾ򷢳ĵãƽľصŶԷ˵
ǰͬ´תͷҶһ뿪ıӰҧҧ´ʣڳϰࣿ
¸Ҳϣ֪Ϊ֪ˡ
ǰͬ£ֺôû˵ʱ仹Ϊ⹤
¸ۡǺǡЦһ⹤ôһ飬ŹҲΪţϰʲôʱˡ
ǰͬ¼ⲻرôܲȱˣ
ڹɲңܲȥϰ˵˵
ҿͷĹʶ㣬ֻҪܰŪȥ
¸ۣ
üһԭ뷨һֻλҪţʱԸóһĹʸģ᲻úײǡ
һһ¸ۣ֮лһʡ
ǰͬ̾˿ϵױԽԽˣӳﻻĶɳƷȥҲٶ
ʲôڱֵǰͬ³̾
¸⻰Щԣʣô˼ûͨˣ
ǰͬ£ڳױ֮ǰĶֵǮ
Ų׻ȥҲܻҲ͸չǮ
¸ۣŶˡ
ǰͬû¸۵ﲻԣ˵ȥϰҲ˵˵ױԽԽ٣ܲǻ֮ǰʮļ۸񣿡
¸ۿǰ쿴尴ҶǵıӰˣЩżռˣΪгУڼҼһôˣǰɿױʱûԼ١
Ҳ̫̫̰ģԼʲôʱ˺Ӷ֪
Ҫʵ٣ȥƨɣ
˵Ժ󣬳¸̳ǰȥϴ󲿶ӡ
Сֹ治֪ôģռռûꡣ
ҪӪҵǮģơοڶһ۸񣬸ʲôֱ
ⶼ㣿ǳɵİɣ
¸һƨɶûҪ
˭ƨɣŮڳ¸
¸۱һͷһ۾Ȼûˡ
ɯ
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ɯνֲˡ
¸ۣ
ˣ
¸Сؽ͵ǰʶˣҰæ
ɯŶһȻʧȥȤ
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ǸСŮƤĳˡ
׼ȷ˵Щ⣬ǣ͸
֮⣬һ־˵ڸǽӴ
Խô룬¸۾ԽСģҷһҶ˵һ仰
Ψַ˴ϳв˵ԼСҲѱ
ɲ֪ʲôܣ
һҲ֪
СʱҶˣػô󣬽ֵҲ۸ӣ˴·Ҷۻߵͷۻ
ԼѾ˽˻أʵڲؼ˽ˣǶԽǵ˾˵ǾȰɣȥܿ
˾ڸģƽʱڳֵ࣬ϻػ˯
ԷǸһԣɻʳҲڸΪҶ۳еʱг
ʱ˿̣Ҷ۲žʮ
˾æ˵ԵȣȰҵĳȽӼ˹ȥ
Ҷ۵ͷУˣԻ
˾ҶЦЦתȥҲ߻ȥֱȥľһС
һϳҶۺ
Ըǹʱ˳֡
Զԭϳ֪Ϊʲôûϡ
ڳϣҶ۳˿ԳöˣСʱ;ۣҪˡ
˾
ȷܲʱ㣿
Ҷæл⣺ˣܲ㻹Լȥܰɡ
㣡Ķûô磡
Ҷۿ򳵴⣬Ѿʻ˳˺󷽵ƽأȫɽҶ۵ûкӣʵΧûӣ
˾˵Ҫǰչȥ
Ҷʣɥʬô죿ˮ𣿡
˾ˮֱãˮҲУԷһҪɱвá
Ҷ۵ͷãһ㡣
ˣھôҶʡ
˾ЦЦҶۿͺԼֶûʲô𣬽䱸Ȼһֱڣûôˣ˵
֮ǰûеʱ򣬳ԱҲǿɡ˾ǰڵ๤ÿµãʣʲô
ҶۣһΪĴܺá
˾ҡͷ֮ǰǼ彵н𣿽нǴӾȿʼģٽ࣬ʿ٣Ǹˣۺá
˾ھͿʼϲظոոĽõʱ򣬸ûԸ˭֪ǰߣֻԸ
صľ񣬶֪ҪԺ󣬲Ըġ
Ҷۣͦ
˾˭˵أЩؾģֲ㣬ǸҲûпȥǣֵطٰȫҲȥ˵Ĳɥʬˣ
ɥʬҧҵùҪǱԼ˺ˣ˭ͨ
˾С˵󷽺üʣʵǱǽˡ
ţû취ܲܳԼ˿ǹɣ
̾˿
Ҷۣ
˾˵˵ʵͼӴ׵
ǺߣҲˡ
ǰߣеṩ
ҲΪڣΪ˻ЩŬɻľʿ


57 
ѡֳһƬԿأľ䶼Ƴֻʣ¸ոðһСصҰݣѾڹܵѳ޵еȫôҲҪʱ䡣
ҲҪ¡
ٵһͳҶȥ
ûֻΪ˾
ôɣڸ߽Ц˵ԭ׼ëĳģ˵Ǵ͹еȥǱ߸ȫԲŸ
ҶЩ棺һ㲻һس¡
ҡҡͷĵλӺã£ûˡ
뽨ȫĵطȶṩʡ
ڣҲѪѵɣ֮ǰʵڵһߣǰĻضԺǲų˵һߣЩصĹҲûˣǰڸȫˮƯ
ʱ˿ȻɥʬҲֻССɵĹ֮ǰȫʿһսֿûٷ
ʬôģҶۣʱ䶼ûдɥʬ
ڿЦҲ֪ѧ˼룬ûеõ֤
ڵǣɥʬǾܹðȵ㣬ˣҲֻ취Ӧԡ
Ҷ۵ͷˣڳ𣿡
ϵЦࣺˣҲ֪òá
˵ԺӦԹڵ
ڣ֮ʬϮֻиô죿
һεʬֻСͣǹܵ
ɳʬͱڵ̹ȫó
صսܷɣûˡ
Ļֻһÿض֣ƷٶȱȲٶȡ
ҪǴʬˣûǮǰ׻𣿡̾˿ЩAҶϰ壬Żã֮ȥ𣿡
ھ͵ҶԼƨˣסԷ
Ҷҡͷʱߡ
Ҷû˵ԭҲûʡ
ˣм¡򴽣˵ˡ
Ҷüˣ
ڿͳڵķ򣺡ͳ棬ǰǵģ
˵񣬳Ӧõ
㿴ûͦ׼ҶЦ˵ûãȥǱˣֻҪϰʱ䣬ʱȥʲôУû
ڣϰ嵱Ļͦ󷽡
Ҷʼ磺ֲܰƤܲһʮСʱҸɻ
ʲô£Ҷۺʵ
ڳ˿ǣҲҶ۵һţͷɥʬ࣬֯СȥΧΧɥʬɾǼ
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Ҷۣȥʰɡ
Ҷ۾ΣաǲԸȥġ
Ҳֱͳܾ
ȥʵʱҶ۾ڸߣһñǼȫݵ̧ͷʱܿԶչ
ȻɥʬΣ٣
˻ǶǿҪȥ
ݶѾժҰȥˡ
Ǻܳһʱ䶼ڳڴʱƤˣҲû˼ȥժ
ڻһ⸽㹻ȫǱѹֵİԾðˡ
ֹݶǣҲһ
ĵײ򲻵ʲôװƷûǮȻҰǴֿɼװƷ
Ҷ޸ڶ߱һɫС
Ӷ⡣
κûǻøժһ㡣
ԭҶ䣬ûڣݶʹ󺰵ժ㣡һժѾˣܵøЩ
ЦŻӦ֪
͸Сժ㣬Ҫѣ
ҶۿǣϲԾ¶Ц
ӦԼЦʱѾЩˡ
ҶԼգƽ͡
Ҷϰ壡վ߳Ҷۺһ£
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Ҷüþܵס
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Ҷۣ֮ǰ˵ø룬ǻͲøˣ
ڲ˵ˣҶۿ̾˿˵һ¡
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ûʲô飬һ
ƽʱҶ۸˵ʲô¶ı飬Ҷֻء
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ͬˣﲢԼλ棬ǶûΡ
ΧڰһûʲôԼеİΣȥģ̫ˡ
ҶϽı飬Ȼ΢
ҶۼĿı飬һ㻹Ц㻹Цó
΢΢ҡͷһɲױķΣ˵ģǺϵͳǩ˺ֻͬҪԭλ棬ͲϸʹȾӰ졣
ÿһλ棬ŲͬϸȥԼԭ塣
Ҷգգۣô֪
ĬΣΪ֪
Ҷ۳һԭֲ˵ﲻԣ˵Ķԡ
һתǳȥΣգȥҲûʲô
οҲʲôôҶۣҪͬˣҲİǣûҪգҪǳ£ҡ
һ㶣ʲô
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Ҹ߹㣬ǹ¶
Ҷҡͷǲǻи𣿲ѣҾʱ鲻ֻѪԵ
ɫЩѿ顣
ҶҲҲС
Ҳ顣
ҶۿɫСĵʣѵǰ飿
Ĭˡ
ҶСֹζء
޿̣ܺãûܲ
Ҷ۰ڰֲ֣˵˵Է󣬻ʣⶼˣ˵ǰ飿
Ҵû
ҶҲˮ⻹ǵ㵽ΪֹȽϺá
Ҷۻ֮ǰĻ⣺ǳȥԺҪСģĶҪҪܲܰȫ
֮ǰҪȱԼ
Ҷۣ֪ô˵˽˵ﲻҵأҵĹңûҵͬȻĻǾǣǾǡ
ҲҪס
Ҷۣʱ˽һ㲻ǻ¡
۾ס𣿡
ɫͷһ׵ľҶվھˣȥֻǾһ˫֣ƺһҪȥ


58 
еĵɥʬԵʱҶ˶Ǳˡ
û˵ڳУԼ˵Ŷ뿪˿ıΧ
ããϷɢССɵɥʬһЩɥʬ˿ϣҶ۾͸һȥ
ֶõɥʬûǱҪǹ֧ӵĵز
ҶԼЩãȻôͳˣ
Ȼ˵ȷʵеҪҲ֪᲻Σյλ棬ܱȲϿԼ
ŵմŵԽŴӵϴĶҶ鸴ӣٱ
ôˣҶ۲굶һ߳񣬹ȥʵ£
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷǣеԺ
ԺôǰŸմӦžͳˡ
ǶǹǲУɯ
ɯǳе۷壬Ҷ۶ǺĵģвС˭ɾ裬ֲħ磬û˻뵽ӰСôСŮɯǸİٶѪ
ɯԼҲòǹ͵õԼݺָס
ȥҧɥʬ࣬Ը⡣
ڣɯҲҶΣգԸڳ
ҶҲڻȥʱȥӳСڲɵӣӦÿóеĶһֱֻЩҪ࣬ҪҶס
ҶڣܳĻøʡ
ûҶۣܵõҲֻгôƷ
˾ٴҲ㡣
Ҷ۵ƿˮȵˮǱߣҪ˲˾͸˵һ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣Ҳû취ܲΪң˶ͣɣ
ЩսսʿȣҶ۶Լ˽һʶ
ԭλ棬ôҲ㡰ǿ׳ݣҲм⡣
Ȳ˶Ա͵ģôҲͨ˲
ڲǺͨ˱ȡ
Ҷ̾˿Ҫ춼ҹҪһ£Ҿ͵̥ǡ
չǺ£ϰ塣
Ҹտʼǹʱ׼ͷر챻ЦڲҲΪǹˣ
Ҷۣǹ֣λӦͦİɡ
΢ֵҲһɣδαҶǵһѾûùڶˡ
Ҷۣ˶ã
룺ôҲи߰ꣿҶǵˣǹ֮ǰǹеӡ
𣿡ҶۿԼ֣ĻЧ
棺ϰֻҪԼλ棬Ͳʱţʱ䡣
֪üϰѾȫԼλˣǲϣֻ볤õĻȥ
治˼ЦЦڴߵʱҲȻȥʱ
ܱסഺ˭أ
㵹ǲҪ˵ҶԼҲܲڴʱԱ˥ϵٶʵǺܿģȻʳˮƽõʵɹ˵Ͷ̡
ʮ˿ִʮûʲô
ӻĵʱƺ־ѹơ
һ˰ȫĻԵٺãҲǵ˥ϡ
֮Ҷ۷ǵ˥ͻȻֹͣˣЩ۳ָٶҲڴ졣
³治ʣҶԼҲƲ
ĽǡҶ̾˿ǹӶڽܻصԭλ棬Ҳ֪ʲôʱܽԼλ档
ŵԶ䷢ĹʾԼԭλ棬ҲһҵҵΪϵͳ򹤡
ɵԶǵԣܻӦAIҶô֤ҲûлӦ
棺ʲôĽģҲ̫ã˵Ǻƽô˵ءƶر󣬴ףͶ̥ãͶ̥ײ㣬ⱲӻûʲôͷĻˣǲξ
ңʮʹӾˡ˿ˮ
ҶۣʮꣿǺƽǲ̫ˣ
桰һһãʮʱ򳤵þ͸ʮûʱһװˣ٣˾Ӫ
ÿαõһҶý
˵ң˵ԭλҲףȥ͸㡣ЦǺǵ˵ϰ岻ǰɣ
Ҷۣǹֱ˵ͺˡ
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Ҷۣİɣ׼ǹˡ
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СʬϾ͹ˣ
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Ҷۣĵˡ
ϰǰץסҶ۵󣬡ҽôȫЧʸߡ
ץҶ뿪ʱ򣬳滹һ
˼ǣҹѣԽҳԷı¡
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Ҷ˸ɽ£˶󣬳С˵ҵطʱҪȷǲǰȫıߣϰҵľѣҽ㡣
ҶۡɽǸŮˣеӵģǰ˵ԼУǹԹԴӦãԡ
棺ѻҪľġ
ҶڳĽ̵ſڵϣ۾׼ǣС˵Ҿͦĵġ
ûѵˣ⻹֤
Ц㿴ûУ
ѻǹ׼ԵԶãҶŲһǹķλֱܿʿ
ǰСɥʬʱʿûǹΪ˲ӻ󷽵ʬʱ䡣
Ҷ۾۾Ŀ
ǵһοõ׼ȷ˵һذס
ذҲԼģҶۿıӰʬȺﴩ׼ݣԺ۾һոհذ״̼ǰɥʬĶͷһ̾ɥʬ˸ա
ֻԼӣΪʿɥʬ
ûб飬ӯѸͣǴֵɱ
ЩʿвǵһִڶԸ˿ɥʬȴɥʬս
ɥʬٶȲ˲
սҪĲֹݡ
ҶۿС˵˧
治˧ҾðٷвŽ˧ϰԣʹǱǸɥʬͷ
Ҷ۵Ƕȣֱ׼Ķ׼ɥʬĶͷ
׼һ̣Ҷ۾ԼĳľУɥʬĶģҲԼĶȫĶͶˡжͷһϡ
˵ǴԶЩƮ
˵Ҫᣬ׼˾Ϳ°ϰİɣǸƫҲԼˡ
仰Ҷۼ̿˰
װľѻǹ˼ġ顱
ҶҲûиܵʲô
ŵĿǸ׼ɥʬ
ᵹ
ƫ
ǹĲ


59 
ţҶڵĸоֻнš
ǹվ
վһ̣׼ɥʬȻء
ûκôƽĵ˵ϡ
Ҷ۵ǻͣһ¶Ц
ˣҶ͸ϲתͷ棬Ļˣ
ǸոյõĳߵĺӣƲסĵļ
ǵѹɤš
ƺҲЩȣĬſ˼ҶۣòЩĳ츳
ϰ壬ҪҪѧʣ㵱ͽܡ
ҶգգۣһλĹھҪʦֺ»ܾܾ
ԺʦʦҶʡ
ڰ֣ôʽ㻹ǽҳ棬ʦһŤ
ҶۣԵòء
棺ѽУ˵
ԷĲԼʦҶҲûټ֣ҲУѧǵøģÿ¶ٺʣ
棺ǧɣ˼һ¾УҲǳǮġ
ʦͽ˺̸ܿõļ۸ͽѧʵʱÿϳԸɥʬʱ̣ڳеʱԱְΪ
˼ֻһѾѣľѻ˨ѣһֻװһӵϻɳ
˨ѵѴ󣬵ЧҲ͡
ڳҶۿЧʵͣصҶʼſŵλӣ׼ٶȺܿ죬ĽǶҲ׼ҪͷӵѾΪıܡ
ÿһǹܴһɥʬͷ
ԱʿҲʧִԼˡ
ҶԽԽó˧
ֲó֮ǰٷи˧
Ҳôˡ
ǰɥʬɾԺ󣬳Ҷ˵Ҽǵ˲Ҳ˨ѣȸ˨ѣѵĻԺЩǹʵôҪϵͳ￴˨ԽңҰ㿴ֺʡ
Ҷ̾˿һڴİɣϵͳ̫ˣڷֻҪһǧܴ룬Ҳ֪ȥĶǮ
ȻǮģϵͳҲûգ˭֪Ժ費ҪǮ
Ҫһǧ򣬷Ӧֻ
֪ҪáҶٴ̾
ؼҵƺңңڣҪǶԻؼҵĿ̫ͷˡ
ǰСɥʬ֮󣬺СʬϾҪǸǰ
Ҷ۰Ա߷ŵĲǹתͷԳ˵ҹȥˡ
˸okƣСһ㰡µġ
Ҷ۵ͷһ˵֪ģҿ϶˦˦
ҶҲ°
ôҲûϹսʼλԾ֮ǰɵΣյҲǱļˡ
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Ҷ˳ɽȥ··ϻһֱΣ۲ΧûɥʬͻȻ
һ紵ݶһ
ʿǷɢܣǲɥʬӲӲֻҪӮηһҲûʲô˵ġ
ǴǱڲݴȴʬѾ׼񵯣ɥʬͶΧھӳȥ
Ҷߡ
߹Сʣأ
Ҷۣ棬ֻһѾѣñúá
ԺҾˣˣñǹ׼ͷҲúܶࡣ
΢΢üҲܡ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣ʱ߲֮ǹ죬߲֮ǹ졣

Ҷոûþѵʱˣ˧ס
֮ǰҪܺһ˧ͺãĿ˳档
֪ʲôʱøһҲ˧ȫ

ˣҶͷ
ɥʬˣ۾õô죬һ丯ãǾ׸ĸ⣬ƺҲ
ڻû֪ǵ׿ʲôˡ
Ҷ۵ߴľ϶źƺƵʬӭڣЩ壬Ǹõ⣬żʳͣǼͷ⡣
ɥʬЩֻЩڳһͻߣһ١
ǻλƵΣҶ۾ǿͻûʲô
ٶȣмɡ˸ոմͷСɥʬ⣬ûκһɥʬӡ
Ⱥﶯȷķֹ
˭̽·˭˭
ֻǲ᳷ˣһʼжҪһ̡
Ҷ۴յĶʡ
ĶȵϢĶ죬΢Ķ˶Сظǡ
ûκһֲΥȻɡ
𲡶ɥʬĸδ֪ѣȡַϢ
߳滹üԼһͷˮС
зūñзԼӣзƻ߳棬зūҪö࣬Ầзӳз
ϱﲻҲ
ɥʬͶʱʿһӳ񵯡
ըһ˲䣬һͬץסҶ۵󣺡ߣ
Ҷ۽ŵĽǹѾ֮ǰôȻˡ
ողŻɱһɥʬҶѾǰ
Ҷǹ֡ɥʬսߡۡ
ҡҶۡ
Ҷһ򶨣һţƤһġ
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ûûǹŵҲǺҶͬĲǹ
ֻεĲǹṩ֮ǰǰ޲ĵôס
ҶҲǹ֪Ϊʲôܾǹƺûôˡ
ǹ֮ԼǹĵֻҪǹѹɥʬ°ٿǹܾ׼ĻɥʬĶͷ
ڽ֮ǰҶֻùһǹİ¡
ҶȴøɣͻȻͨζֻרעߵһжԺǰһǹųȥڶǹѾ׼һĿꡣ
עҶۣ򴽣ƺ̺ȼյĻ档
Ҷ۴ӵڻ»ǰʿӵ²ηⲨСʬҶ۶ǹ죬ǹûװһʼûǹԸǰСɥʬ
ǻûУʿСܵҶۺԣϴ֣ϵ·Ҳúܽʵû¶һƤ
Ҷۿǹʲôû
ö
ʿҰɣҴſۣɥʬһİңǵǰǽá
ûҶҲû
ö񵯶ʿǿʿܵһߣʬȺ˹ȥ
ɥʬϾûǴʬȫװʿʲô˺
ҲȥɡҶװӵϵٶȻ̫ˡ
ͷܡ
Ҷֲ̾Сѣڣͷİɡ
û˵
Ҷ֫أǹĵطŶҪˡ
ٹãԷͲҪ
ЩźЩҡ
ϣԷãֺ¶ԷõҪ


60 
ֻСʬСʱͱȫߣҶ۴֣ǵȫˮϵĺҲϷڳҲûõĶȥ
˿⣬㼢ɿʣҲû˸װȡ֡
˭ֲ֪ûɥʬµġѡ򡰲
ֻеԵȫͳһ롣
ɥʬûĵطͻǰȫġ
ҺۡҶ۾Լĸ첲̧ˣɥʬǰʱۣɥʬſŲƣ
Ҳǹɽ£һѾʮһˡ
ʿҲ׼תͷȥ
һʿ֮Ҫ졪ɥʬڵǱʵֻһ죬Ϊ˱Ψֲ죬ǿҪ졣
ҲûԹԡ
Ͼ¹˺ͻصİȫСʻ괬
һȺƣĲߣҲܺˮܣµС̽ȥСһ㱡ĤÿԶպϡ
ǵÿԵС;
Ҷۺ˼ˮӺˮ̫鷳Բˡ
Ҳϲˮ̫࣬û߻ȥͱﲻס
ԭΪһϲ۵ȥҶ۳һˣȳæ컹ۡ
ֹϵƣоϵģʱڹ۲Χһ紵ݶҪͣ£߶Ƚⲻۿȵġ
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Ҷۺڶм䣬Ҷ۵Щվȣֱۣܲ˵ҿһ𣿡
ƽС
Ҷۿֱϣһ
춼е㲻ˣ̫ˡҶСֹʿ
οǰĳתͷ˵ϰ壬ܴùģһ˵λ֮ǹأ
棺ʱҪһԼС
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治Լԭλ棬Ͳѧʲôǹ붼ֻǮǮ
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Ȼңصÿһ䡣
Ҫְ·ˡȥ·ҪʲôҲȥˮ
һȺ˳ԣһ˽ûС
ûнõҶۣ
Ȼ֪ô˵е飬Щ˼
Ĳܰڿ𣿡Ҷȡֺ
˶Ǹմˮ̳ͷȫʪǼҲк飬޽ǵĺˮ˳°ͻ㼯һ䵽ؿڡ
ҵƿߣЩǱ˵Ӧòܡ
Ҷ̾˿ðɣҲû˿ҡ
˵ߵһȥ·
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ػǰס롣
·ҶЩߣ˳ĸ첲ǰɡ
֮ǰϢҲǺ𣿡
Ҷֱ׳ʱֻ㰡ôˣܸ𣿡
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˵Ҷ۷Լȷʵûпȫ·ӣϴ裬ʱ򶼻Χԡϸɾڿ㣬ûһں
Ҷʶĳ¿һۡ
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Ҷ˱ȣЩ꣺Ķ𣿡
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εûάֶãϾǲʿҲǿֵ̫Ц
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ȫװĹԱһˮܣҲ֪ʲôˮ϶á
Ѳֱ̧ԱҶۺ
Ҷͷ̧֡
ԱֺȲһ㣬ô
Ҷۣ
һֱϷ˵ĴҶҲ֪Ǵ
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Ҷۣãסˣ
һųȥ֮ҶתͷͿԡ䣬ԡǵƣҲûдԡסҪ˴ԡײס
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С˵Ҹ˵ˣǲҪЩʿһ룬سоˡ
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Ÿε̬ҶΪȻЩ˵ûʲôвǽӴȾ˲ô죿
Ǿߵԭˡ
ȥ˵һ
ߵԱǰ˵仰ŹԱһҶۿһۡ
˿Ѿ˵ˣҲҶ֡
Ҷæ߹ȥԱǱһ룺ߵĸ䶼һ䣬֮ǰһһ䣬ڷޣǼһɡ
ԱеģҲûʲôҪɻġ
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ҶҲԹΪ˰ȫЩȷʵӦ
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ûʲôθڣҪҪԵ㶫ȥϢҶ
Ҳ
ԱûԷʹǼķߡ
޽ʱɥʬûô޵ι̣Һܴ󣬾ͺ;ƵһȻûоƵװ޵ĺ򿪷ŵһ̣ǱҶĺõöࡣ
ȻûеӺ䣬ռȴܴ˼Ҳ
ΨһҶЩľǡŴխÿ
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֮ǰһ˯ôãͬҲûʲô
Ҷ۲ųͬһ˯
Ųų⡪ӦҲǲųġ


61 
ѾĵˣҶۺѴƴãֳ˵־Ըķˣæ֮ʱߵӽߵ㣬æһ죬Ҷʵˡ
Ҷԭֱϴ˯ϾҲˣҲϴˣȫɾˬʺ˯κƺȫûҪ˯뷨
ڴߵҶۿŻԳŵ̫ʣԳţһǺô˯
΢ôһ
˵־Ը߰æˮ
Ҷ۵ͷһɣ͵ͷϣ컨壬ѹ͵ĴϢ
ƺôһɫ
ˣɯ𣿡Ҷûһ
á
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Ҷۣϵãôû
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ÿһ˶˫˫ҲʣҶֻܺǸ
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²ʿҲֵ𾴣յСȥˮ
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Ҷ۳úܺãĸƬҶŸĸɫĵطá
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62 
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ԭҶۻʿÿȥܹĸоԼı仯
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Ҷ۸ɴУװõļѼ͹ȥܾҲҪ԰ɣ
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ڣθһ׼ǹ
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̾˿ڹλǶˣص˿ڸ࣬û˺Ҫļͥء
ԼΪ˾Լ룬Բжͬ
ɯгСҲҶ۵°ڣ𣿡
ҶۣԼǲġ
ʲôֻҪ˹ͶˡҶ
ɯźΧŴˣҲΪĸܹˣǻ֪ζʲôɴǵĺ֪һǼ¡
ɯ΢ƿߣûмٿȥ
ǰһоͺںƽǻΪ˭ҵ˺ùˣΪԼûӦƸϵ䡣
Ҷ³һڳûعʱӦþ졣
λƺҲûʲôµģǲ֪ʲôʱ֣ܽ͸뿪ˡ
Ȼôһ᲻ãǵ᲻øԻؼҵĿȼֱֵһᡣ
Ȼʾڴʱ
һ˵Ǽ꣬׼˽ɢʱ򡪡
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ڶ߼УҪ˵Ķ䡣
֡֡
ò
ոջ˷ȸԾľǶʱҵĴɢǲ֪ҪȥĶֻûпʼӪĳڡ
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Ҷۻ֪ʲô￪ʼûľ
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ľǳʬ˾ۿͨ죬ûʶԼѾˣʮɥʬŻľ
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ʮˣûһӳ˾ŵþҪꡣ
Ҫܣܣ
ȥȫĵطرƺ󣬺󷽻᲻ܵв벻
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ץס˾죬˾۾Ҫȥûܿ
˾¶һƿЦı飺ȥȥʲôȥ
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ţ˫˺죬Ը·˺ҲҪӿ
ʮʬǵסģ˾ڷԼѲˣ˵ֿϣľ־˵ǵסġ
ԣô֪вУ
ûĸصס˾Ͱ͵˵ʱлصʶźƻأÿ춼ǼսԼʲôҪˣӵû䣬ȫ˺ơ
ֻһܡ
˾Ҷۣᡣ
ʮˣʮʿ
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63 
ʵĳǽϣʿԴǹŲԶĺƵʬ
ʮɥʬۼɵʬÿǰһƺûдԣֻ˵һԣĿȷӿʱʲô赲ǵĽŲ
վڳǽϣûдƷǴһױжԲʷֱ߷һǹ
ȼ˾ͷȴ·̵ֱ֣ſЦ̡
ĺƻأлصǰߣͨĻȣƲսء
ʮˣֻвʣµĶʮȫŮǻᶯʱҪʼѧϰǹǹǹʱҪѧɱɥʬлظѪľӢҪΪסΣյĵһߡ
ʬʱ򣬸֧Ԯǣصʿ⣬ʣıȫɵ˺ƣʣʿʮ˵±˹ȥ
ڼ˲һܺͱˡ
û֪Ǽ죬Ƶʿôֹȥģʶ޷ɥʬ⣬ֻɥʬƷߣս̵ʱ顣
ڵ˴ʱ˿̶롣
սزסҲҪͬ
ȷӪأڳ峯ʿ
ʿͣ½ŲʱҲ˲о񣺡ѾϺˣ档
ڰѾðƵûһ˿ҡûһ־壬ԵĲʮƵɥʬֻһͨϷֵסһڲ
ΨһָľǹˣֻܺһΣڹ˽Ҳ֪࣬ĹΧҲ֪ܸɥʬɶ˺
Ҫɥʬ󲿶ӽ̡
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ӺĬſһۣѶԷԺС
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ǹըҪƻʿǵĶĤ
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Ϊˣϵ˽ᡣ
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û֪мֻܻǾȴûеطܻء
ҶĿɿڴĿųǽһĻʶʬɽѪ
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Ҷ˵֪˵ǶԵģڵʱ̫ܽҲֻһΣʿȥκνͶø԰ס
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ȴû˳ץסĸ첲С˵سȥԾͽλԾ
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Ҷסˡ
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˵ҪݣҲҵߡ
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Ҷۿ棬ֻҪԼҪˣ˵ȻسУ
ҶЦЦ˵߿ڼǹȻϰ֣ͦҪ׷ңһʱ䣬߰ɣҴȥڻ֪ȥĶǡ
Ҷۺͳ˵Ŀ϶ȴѾʿеһߡ
ڱ̧˳ǽʮʿ
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ڵͷ׼䣡

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ļ򣬸첲ɥʬץ˻ҧ˹
ʱֻʣСʱ
Сʱͻصʿɹصɥʬ
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ʬֻʣ²ס
վţıͦñֱתͷǽ
֪ǹҲ׼
ϼһȿ޻ѿЦһϸԼı飬ϣڶԷУһ̣Цŵġ
ˣԵʿ󺰵񣡰ǹ
ŬΪսѴһǾͳˣ
˭ûк·ˡ
ǹǹڵĴ̵׼ǰƵʬ
ģܿʬɥʬˡ
ǲ֪˶ãɥʬ棬ôҲһƤǾɢĻˣٶȲ죬ʱתܣƺһ
ûܡ
ȷӪʣپӢеĹµŲεĳ
߿ʼģЩǰɥʬˡ
Īĳֵ˭ںúܷɣܰ
ϵʹƣĵʧѾϣ壬Ʈ˰С
ΪԼѾ˵ʱǵƮʧȡ֮ĳֹĵߺͣã̧ͷ졣
䡪
ɫʲôҲˡ
ض֡
ȡ


64 
âɢȥһ̣ƺһģ
ãȻվսϣĿǰȴûпâǰʬ
ʿҲһ֪׷ʲô
̧ͷţÿһ˫۾д𺳡
ԶǽϵҲŵĵɴ˫ֻۣһҽһһѾˡ
ǺƵģֹʬɫµȻ޴档
ɥʬǱͬһŤ˲ӣƻ˴ԣǻſɵĵڵϣϸõȥɭɭ׹ǡ
ǻָԭģ
ԶվԭأͷϷ̫ڴ˿̹âʢ·ûôˡ
˶Ǳͣ
ãĿűһƬأ֫Ѫͳͳɢֻʿվڰ߲Ĵϡ
ȳµɥʬôΪ׹ǡ
֪˭һһкʱڿʼ˿
ſķһۡ

۽ʮϱһʹʬɽѪһȣ˼֫ӣսϡ
СŮսԺھûᡣ
Ƿŭģ֪ΪɥʬŭΪӦǴӾŭ
ڵϣɳƸɬ˵ǿޣ˵þȫںϵᲢ࣬˶ܸܵİݡ
ҧȭͷ塣
Щľ룬ԷԭѾݳ𣿿ȥȻô
ԭ⸱ӣ
ȻڿǶȻ˾޴Ļ
ɥʬûˣ
ûˣ
ʿǻͷǴ󺰣ӵǹӵ˰УǹʱԼͷϣȻҲûһ˺ۡ
ۺᣬȴ
תͷ۹ڡ
Сһӣϲŭֶ޹أԼ󣬹¿ʼܡ
ģһȣյߺСɵɥʬڴΧ׼
ʿԴ
ڣǰ˻
ǣ
һΣܰǰߵսʿӻˡ

Ҷ˵ˣֲԶʱҽһ޿ĳպ˿ˮĺˮѾʪ·ͷҲǱˮܹϢһ£˱̧˽
ҽ㿴̧˽ʿеؿԶס
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˵˱˽
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˫ֶѾºԶԼͷԶ׿һŮˣĪЩ졣
㲻ڳй𣿡Ҳû뵽Զס
Զһ߸飬һ˵ڳҲǵҽ
ֻûˣҲûȥп
ֱۣһС˵ҽǱŪˣҸɥʬôӴڿ϶ѾȾˣҴ˿ͷԾ͸һǹ
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Ц°ô£µҪҲûѡ
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˵ˣԭһ޴롣
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һǧҪΪʿƴ˿ڣһ˵Ҳæ
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ص˳ҶҲûţ˲ҽƷԶҪʲôµʲôɴȱҽþƾЩˡ
ҶۻǮˮȴһ㶼ûۡ
ʬڣѾʮСʱڼҶδȫˮάȻƣɲ
Ҷ۳˽⣬ȥְʿϾѧҽģְҽҲûô£ǿԸʿͰ˿ڡ
ڴЩǵרҵĻʿԼõǿ
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ӳнӳ˵ԴݶָԱˮҪˮҪƾҪĶʵ̫ˡ
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ʿ¹ˣǰ߿ܻȥǮɷͶӣļͥ˲ֱʧȥаʱ
ˡ
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µ˻̫ˡҶۺһᶫȥ̾˿ڻûȷɥʬټȾԲûľæ
֪ĶԣЩԱĹʹеס
Ҷ۷ӣתͷܣŵüͷȴչˡ
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ȻˣܻǺ¡
˭ҲûϵôҶҲûУԭΪͺ͵࣬Χ㣬󣬵Ҳ󻼡
类ըɵɥʬֱ֫翿ʬʿ
ɥʬ֫Ѳأʿᱻڲ
ԱߵʱĲֿ˸ʣһֱææҶҲС
ʿǴԾʱЩ˵ллЩͣ½Ų˸Ѹܿ
һҶĨ˰Ѷͷĺȣȴֲ˼´ಲֻܲȥ
ߵԣҲǴˮ̳ˣ״̬ȴҶۺò٣˵ȥϢ
áҶ۰ڰֲ֣۵öˣӣӾ͹ˡ
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Ŀ꣬ǧٿףȴء


65 
ʿǿǽ죬ǿǹȴûĻȻڲ˿Ҫ˿ƣؾǵĻռ䡣
ÿ˶Ӻ꣬ȴûһ˱ԹϢʱ֪ͨͣҪͣ¡
ȳԷ˲Щܻغ˭ɻ
ֻ㬵ĻһۣȻЦȥ򷹡
⡣һʮĹ룬Ŵ򷹵ʢһķϣæ˵ٵٵ㣬̫ˣ
򷹵˺ܲ⣺㲻⣿
ԱߵĹЦ˵ǽģһٴһ㣬ڳ꣬ϴڶݡ
ǰԶԲֻ˯ʱ򲻸ƨɣܲμ
ЦǿʼŶӣͺ˵һÿ˵ĵһݷҪĶ١
Ƕ뵽һԶųԣھͳ˲ķˣȻŶӣһǶһ롣
һӣСʿժñӣĨ˰Ѷͷĺ
ԶĹʵʲô
ʿʮغöûķݰ
Ƕŷܹ·ϻС·ϵˣЩһһ߳ԣֻܵʣ¼׷
ϰ͵ġʿЦǺǵ˵ˮ
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ˮ۸񶼲ˣһƿҪ飬߰˿ģҶԼϵͳʺͱǣˣҲ
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ˮŶӽˮЩԴ˴ӣ붼Ҫ׼ȡ
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첢ôá
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Ҷۣ
Ҫλ棬иѺȻ˵ǱдӦоУǸУȴŹڡ
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ڣҲǡ
Ҷ۷²豭˹ڣҲˡ
һ㶣ЩûӦߣ
ҶۣǲеطҪȥԻ˵ʱѾأһִĴС
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ڲҴƱ
Ҷ۳ֵʱã˽ģܴʱ˿̣Ҷ۸޷Ȳ裬Ӧǵˡ
Ϊôķϣϣ۳ǰҪ͸¶ҵĴڡҶ۶ƣ̬˵뿪Ժ󣬹ҵԸκˡ
ЦЦ治֪ʲôġ
Ǯ㹻ȡһءԸ⻻Ļ
ͯľ黹Ҫֻڸȴûȡ
Ͼõĺģڿȼۡ
Ҷۣ͵δˣר̹ǡ
Ҷ˵Լġ޳ܡЦˣ˵ܱܲãĲңǣʵޡ
ֻǸˣ˫ֱϣؽģÿһˡ
ũ񡢹ˡʿҽѧңԼѪ֮Լļ԰
뿪ʱЩ㱣߳дţһ·Ժͣ½Ųתͷһۡ
лǵһγʱӣķһЩ׵ƣ£ȴߵĩǰκһͨĴͳû
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һֱߣЩʣôˣҪᡣ
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һǺôҲǶģȻû˭񰡡
ȴ˵ͻȻеˡ
ɵˣ
ûм˵ң໰Ҳ֪ôڡ
ϳԶƽأƽ͡
ĳ󻯵ˣֻ翵
ĳھ޴Σиϣı־
ʬҰսϡ



66 
ںУҶЩεʱľ̨һѰźɫĴǱֱĺ˿̨ǼֳԱ쵼
Ҷۼǵһεô˷ԣСѧʱΪѧУҵĲʽʱ̨Ҽ֡
ʱͻСһ㶼ţֻǰ׼ͷôôôԶߵ˽ѧ¥ѳ꣬ô˫۾ע£Ҷֻоš
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ΪĴأôеҶ۰æʣҶҲʵ˵ܾĻ
Ͼ˵صˣҲõǮ뿪
Ҷ۲һλ̫ͣãͣʱԽãؼҵӾԽңңڡ
Ҷһĵ׸Լ˹Цݵ˵ҵһμʣ֪˵ʲǫ̂ǰĸѾˣҾѸɡ
ȺЦҶЩ˵֮ǰ˵ֳֻĵһ㡭Ҫܶණֳǳ֯λ
˹ǻҪѧУҽԺԼʩҶ۷ÿ˵һ仰ϵЦݾ͸һ֡
ǰЩԼѾ˵ˡ
ҶϸŸϵݣ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
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ǰͨʱ˵Ȼõǻ硣
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ǲôСѵûûͶǹսҶ˵˵ţ̨˺ۿ
Щ˵ȥõģɼΡ
ʹڡĩաУйءȥһУҪôϣҪô˵Ŀڿഫ
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˵ҶԼеܴ˵̫ʵ̫λá
ȷʵ˶ʮĵط
ȻǱԹ̫ۣ̫ͣҲǶδϣôϰǹʣۣôԼȡ档
ƶΪԭܿˣ˵ԽԽõġ
Ҷھ޴м˺˿
һ
ҴҴֳҲרҵиڷ絲ĵطͨˮѡ
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˶ʲô֮׵ıء
ǲ³Կ࣬ʮĿ࣬Բ˵ûˣµǳٶ඼ϣһڵģյûоͷ·ϣ¡
ֻҪڰгһ⣬㹻ʰϣᶨŲȥ
Ҷ۴ľֳ̨Ա½߹Щк
˶֪Ҷ۵֣Ҳ֪Ҷ۵ڻﻹв˶ΪҶ۾ӪĳǹٷĲƲⲢǳҶ¶Цݡ
ֳʽӪĵһͽ졣
Ȼ˶ûʲô飬㹻ڼֱֳӣҪнֹ
ټרҵʿָ˺üҲûʲô¡
ĶԤϷΧڡ
ڻʱҶ۹һţԼ̷۵Ļ
ͬʱҲҶ۴ضҪڵĺϢ

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Աæµڳк֧ӡ
Ϊ˶࣬ҲûСݶﰾԧ
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˸˵ļٶ˸Щõİۣɫûбá
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ԥҶûйԳıԱ֪кܿҪţϰҲߣȻźҲй־壬󶼽ˡ
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᣺һǵȥԣܲһֱңǾûãԺûڶˣԱ߻԰׷ģʱ䳤ˣ϶
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ˣȥԷȻǣŮǵ֣˵䡣
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ԾԻҲõ΢ס
ҶԼҲôԳеζ嵭Ϊ
ǮͷСʣ¸˵кܿҪˣóйźҪȥĶ˵ǳѾڿʼˣҪҪһȥԣ
ݶҡͷüĿڵ⣺ҲȥҪһֱڳйңԺҪкӣﶼҪڳй
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Сã޹ɽ
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ݶֻǲˣȥĵطǾһطԺŵġ
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67 
ΪмˣҶ۲ûֱӺصĸӴֻҪǮȻѹڽڣôģҶ۳顣
Ҷм˲ǼɵĻҪɡ
֮뿪λ棬鷳ֻһԡ
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ҼȻҪ㣬Ҫ̵ãõ˭վǰҪͷ
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˵ⷽ츳Ͼǹͺ츳
涼˵ûнѵˡ
ҶڴϷ˸סͷ˯ˡ

ҪȥʰɡǮں棬¸ɲϰ࣬˾һŹ¸ڿŮ棬ʣµ涷ͷǻס
¸ǮĻŮ˸ĶŮΪְֻں棬üŪ۵͵Ц
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¸ۣûǲԸȥأ
ӲԸȥأ
¸۵ĻŮͳ˳°ڣ¸۵ͷŮ
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ˣض


68 
ѵõĴ죬Ҷڳɹ̫ǰСľŲˮʳ
ݶﲻ֪ĶһΣҶϣīɹһͻ˯
γٷŵҶۺ⣬йҲûԻʲôӰ죬Ͼж٣ÿ˶æµæҹæϹο빺Ҳûױˡ
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֮ǰͬ˵Ȼ죬֪Լͬ˵׸
ಡҪҩһ뿪ģزٸҩѺƷѣͻ쳣ѡ
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Ϲվ˳ϰǰջûƹˤ
ŵԷԼܴȻѧУ̵Ĳ࣬ȥͼѧ˲顣
ɥʬǰѧҲǸƾ
ͷһԿޣȻ߳ܵҸضȥȴ˵ˡ
Ŀϰı飬ᵽɤۡ
Ȼ֪ԼʲᱻƸϣỹǲػǽеһ˿ܡ
ῡϰ΢ЦųͷʱŶȻԼȻӦƸˡ
һ̵ĸоΡ
ɯݸ̲裬򴽣ԼʲôһʣϰңĲҸɲʲôػ
ʱѾӦƸˣǩ˺ͬڿΪϰˡ
ɯȻطͺˣݶ֮ǰ廹
ʳĲݶɯԼչԴ˵ǰݵֻʣһѹͷˣ
ͦ⣺ֺݣرˡ
ҪƬ𣿽иĹա
ûʶݶĽɯҲþܾͬ£ֻܵͷȥݶݹֻ
ֻ֪ôáֻͱ̭ˣǶֻܷͨţˤ
Գйשͷֻ⣬õĶǶԽ
˵ֻûùСţִ
ɯƬ̲סݣ
ֱһѹͷһҡҡ׹ͷȻ쳯ͷЦ
Цݲÿʹֻ˾ÿֲ
ݶΪᾹȻ˳УҪһߣǾԼˣԺҪһ𣬱˴֮Ȼʲôܣǲٹ˼ɵ˵˵¸Ҫȥĵطȶ½ֿ֡
ǿؽȶǿϵĹȶݶ벻̫ͨһᣬʮִ󷽵˵ţ㡣
Щ˼˵лл
ɯҾؽȶһ֣ͱص֡
֪Ǿ˵ʲôץסеһʣҴϲݶĻֱݶ˵Ժʣո˵ˣ
ˣ

ݶͷ԰ϰɣܴС磬ڵСһǧأ˵ǧࡣ
ݶָԼڵǸСɸǲһûͷ֡
ҲûôߵķӡݶҲûӵĳ
ɯѣǽг
ݶͷ
ὫŽɣǹŴˣ
ݶɯĿѾִŴ˼ֱ׳˵ֲִһСģܰǵ㡣
᣺
е
ɯԤ㹻ˣķļ򣺡ϾҪˣ϶ñ˯Ӧ֪Ǹʱֱ䵽ɥʬϰɣ
ὩӲҡҡͷ
ɯգգۣŶҸˣº׼⴫õĻǽĵطûΣգõĻøΣӭײϡ
ɯԺҲҪѧܶණֹôڳйôǹô
иĴϲ飬ϰ廹ܸΣֻҪɵĻͺˡ
ǩ˺ͬԺͲܷڣϰӦø˵ְĻҪǰһ´кɳ˵ᣬ㻹ʲôҪʵ𣿡
죬ȴһţ༰⣬СʣСã󰡣
һģǺģ´ˣɰֻͷƤ顣
ݶİٶˣ֡
գգۡ
˾Ѱɣ
֮ǰҲûͬ˵ԱⰡ
ҲҴ̼ݶɯǽһвԾܡ
ˡɯŲݶ֣ûٿᣬ¿ռʱ䣬Լոա
ĺ֡
û˸߹ô֡
ڲݶɯ뿪󣬷ŲŴæдšվڴǰȴûųȥ
ȥܸ֮ʲôȥǵۣ
ͣ˽Ųϵӳ
д˿־޴룬ֽƽ
ȫǾôѵͱȾǿ𣿲ܸɵĻҲһܸɡ
֮ȻѾˣû׼ȥ׸
ˮ߽˲ֿ⡪ҲڲֿӵԼĴλΧõܵĲҲǸұһ˽
ˮϴƷǳзģѣҲÿۻ֡
ֿܴһɻеζֽζûµʱ򾭳ɨԲֿάֵĺܸɾ
᲻̫Һ˵ȴ˯ֻͷĵơ
⴫˵
֪¸Сʲôӡ
˵ܱضأ
˵ܶɯһɫͷ۾
ҲǺɫͷɫ۾
Ҳֻܳôɫ
ҿĺҲȾͷ
ϻһһͷȾ˵̵ģҪ۾һɫҶΪ֡

˵ԽԽľս̫ˣˡ
ʱ˵˻һֵĿ
оԼǰ˿ֻĲɾĳ½硣
ᱧԼ˫ȣ°͸ϥϣðϰ
ƺϰ˵Ļ
עҪ濴ǩϰѺͬʱǿ˺üΡ
ѹͷµĺͬͳ
ǩԼʱϸֻиɣпڷԣŵ׸
οͬڳиôõĻҲ߹ϰǸʲôˡ
ܿݣôҲǻû˴ĵߡ
ȻԱӴɸָûٸ
˺Ǹˡ
ᷭͬڶҳעעıµһ־ǣ
ע⣺Ϊλ泬УԱǩԸͬλԾӶͬſɻصԭλ档
ɴ˫ۣɻûϸ仰⴫Ϳʼˣ
쿴ϻҶûϸ

С򴰻ȥ
۾û⣬û˽жĻ
ʱģԺΪλϱ仯Ĵ羰
ַԼϣһѡ
ۣΰɣ
ô󲻹ءݶһĵĿҰ㡣
˵˷
ỹûü˵ллͷ˹ǺļС
Ρ


69 
һ峿ڴϣͲľһɴ
ƾɵľڷ֨ѽ˴ƿ
ŵĺ췢˿ųͷű߰ԼĿȣ˴ԼǰŻλƵظȥ
ȺУ˵Ҳûҿ
һ˲֪ãһĵһء
µĴѾˣˮǺɻȺûõūǵ͵ҾͰȥ
ūæ￲еػųͷ
ǵűӣ˭ҪǸ͵ξҪʵʵİһӣû͵ܵ£Ҳ˦ӡ
췢˹ıʹֱˣʮ꣬Ѿձ
ҪлˣǹʳµĴ˶ˮյһ߶ȴһװѩףϻƲӡ
ڼලūɻҪȥμᡣ
˹ʴֿ񡣡ϳ߶ͬһ仰ûūһô·ܳԱӣҪл˹ˣҪΪ˹˷һУ󶼲磡
췢ЩܱĻЩã롪ıȱūĶ
ΪʲôɳԲӣ˯ֱͦ
Ϣһ죬һ͹ˡ
˲Ϣ˵ĲƲ˵ţҪΪ˸һУǵˣɲ࿴һۣҲԶ֪ǵ֡
ʲô̶ıͰ˺ݺݵһޡ
ǵ˳ȡ֣޴ֻͨһ
췢ۣҧҪųͷɻ
ıǱˣһûãһѾȥ
һϣ㵽˳Էʱ䣬ľͰ˴ɽ°ū˫ֺһ𣬺ϳ״򷹵˻ֱӰѺǵû룬ûӡ
췢ţŲӣСڶۣٱ
ֻһͷԷ
ڵĺե͵Ķˮһ󣬰ãʲô϶ţţԵĶǺá
ŵ˶ǰͷ˫֣ĿľͰĺ
һֻһٷ̵ĺҨĶǺ룬Ѿ̺ˡ
֣֡䵽ϣܳԵľ͸ˡ
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̣ܶ촽̵һƤȻ
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ͬƲƲ죺ǻ繷ɱϲ
ūʱһʱ𣬰ľͰ½ʣĺҨľ쵽ūǰūæȥӡ
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ֱ˻ӳһ飬ūĶϣūŻæĹȥ쳤ͷʳϵĺһ̽
˿ǵӴЦűָǣЦһ־ûȤūɣյǰ
ūֽŲõܵһߡ
ū̺Ҳðˮݡ
֪Ͱⰾ̵㡣Ȼū̵ֻһƤ⣬ͬ˵»ǹһ𣬰Ѻڵϣһ򣬸һ
ͬ飺㻹û尡
˳̾ˣ֪ʲôʱ뿪
Ǳģ⸽ûгʹ䣬ûȥԺȡ֣Ҳ򲻵ƺȣȻżʳǶţҲûʲôܵġ
ֻԼԼӣҵӾū
ʮָУʮūνⶼģǣ˻ūʵڲֵǮ
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췢ڽ
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СĿǽվ˫ֽճȭٵشϢ
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ܿ죬˻ѣܵľͶצӰӣŭĶﱼܵĿ󺰣⤣Ҹұ֤һᱻץʱһݣָֺûݵȥ
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˸ͷĽʹͣ£ȳһȣһǳһŵǰܡ
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ΪԼٶԽԽ죬ʹĺȣٶȲδ죬ԽԽ
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ϣ˫ֳ̧ͷǰ
ûɣûϣֻͷһºͲԶ¡
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ſڵϣմˮǱ־ֻ¹䣬䵽̹ǣһƤ⡣
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ȳȲϳǰߣò

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Ȯ˵˺ԣǶѹ޴ūվ
ļ˺ҧѪģ
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ϵĳǰŲܸо׷˽ŲҲԽԽ
Ȯ˺ҧļͺ󱳣Ѫ䵽ϣɿֻǰ
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ץסͷûмϴͷΪһƽһץץסͷ󶪿ȻһŲıϡ
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ʹĴ˴ӲһţϵȮߵò
˵תͷ󷽵غץסˣ
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̫ˣ
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ޣ
߰ɣȥɣȺūǸǺء
ǳʺȥɡ

֪˶ãʹѵ۾ȫ޷ӵľʹǻʹѵؿһڣȳһѪ
˻ʹԼΧĻһϣһѾȫʧȥ֪ӺֱҲʹֻһֻֻǿĸоԼˤͷѪһ
Ȼû
֪Լ˻ǲҡ
û˻ᷢ
ֻôţܽͻҲܹüŻ
̧ͷ
ѵس˳ǣΣ˰ɣ
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ϣ˵ֿɹʱ˼ʳʳֻ᲻Խط
룬Ŀʧȥࡣ
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ճյؿǵ⡪ΪǰĻþֻˡ
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âɢȥһķӣ״أʯͷӣҲĳǱ˵ľ巿΢΢졣
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񼣣
һ񼣣һĹˣ
ĿȵĿȥ޲մǽڣŮĴڡ
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ŮһͽŮĺӡ

ҶԶһ۾Ϳϵĵù
תͷ˵ԼȥĻǴģ
ص;Ҷ۹۲˻֪һ¡
ûдûзݣӦǲ˵ġ
ˣȥŪˣʿĶ
֪ûħ
ӹҶ۵ݸԶķ򿴹ȥҶۣ۲ĸϸӦǴϵģǱ׷ɱļб˺ҧ˿ڣǹӲǡ
Ҷ۵ͷҿˣһ̫СĽš
էҪСĵ㡣
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Լ
Ĭˡ
Ҷ۷ԶҸопҵһ
߰ɣҺһȥ
֪ȶ½ʲôûħͲƽ
ԵĻ


70 
һȷԹۣһ΢ۣ߹Ƕĸ֪û𵴣ҿеֻҲˣʵڲеý֫
Զ׵ıʮָӣϵ߹ٲһܴƢ࣬Ȳȥ
Ҳȫˤˣļͺб˺ҧĺۼԱ˿ӦǹҧģӦȮ
ҶõһӲ
˳̶ȣܻ챣ӣ֮ӡ
˵ʱҶҲϷһۣɽھգµ·ҪôûҵС·Ҫôֻ˳µĺߡ
Ȼ򵥵µķǴֱ
֤ܻŵ
׵ѾˣձǺġԶҲټĥˡֱѾǸˣԶѵôһ˿ŭ𣬡ƣϥⶼм룬Ҫһֱ£ҪС
ʲôҪУĴţҲѾ빤ҵʱӡ
ûխĹܵҪֱ⸱ģѲ뵽˶˵ĥ
ԶüҪס˶ĵطû취˯ֿ⡣
Ҷۣ񣿡
Զףбİ취𣿡
Ҷ룺ȥϵͳɣ˵ʲô߿Ƽļ׷֮ģAҲа
Զ׿˿Щ˼سҶ˵Ǹϰ壬ո̬Ȳãǳ㡣
Ҷ۵ÿڰ֣ҽ
ҶҲû飬ܾ췢һͻƨΣȲΪԶ˵껰ͻصϢҷϵͳ̳ǡ
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ǳʽģʹõĲϺԣƣˣֻҪ˲󣬲ϻԶѹۺϣ©
Ҷۿ;ⶫ꣬еԴӿڣǽĲ϶ܾԵͨ˵Ҳõ©ꡣ
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ˣͿʼ¤Ҫõġ
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ҶۻǸԸԾס
סһ䣬û㱼ֻڿ㶼С
ûֳ˵ģƽĵͷҶ۵ľûио
֯ˣ˳ϿһߵĵΡҶۣÿ˻֮ǰڴ˻˻ⶫֻܿ˫ȡ
֪ԼǼôסģÿΪ̽·飬ửͼҪǿԼ
ʲôʱѰɡ
Ҷۿҽҵķ򣬡ϣܳŹȥ
Ȼʶˣȴɲ뿴һǰȥ

紵ݵֻͣصׯ԰ĲݵϣһС׺Ͷ̿㣬һ˫СţƤѥ˿ߵñӣֵڲݵϴ֡
Ǿ˵ҪѧУ䣬Ҳǲ
ʱɽĵܾԼһӮȻҲѧУֵܽǶҪĸҲҪ˸
죬ˣɻûһ޵ѧУһȺʿʹׯ԰˽ȫ彣ɱͼǵϹܼҡ
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ı֮ԻգΪڽֱ߿һձؤūûҪϾøūһʳ
˺ձôɵģȥؤձǳձؤ˵ǳյıΪܹʩᣬʱ䳤˾ֱˡ
ǺؤʮųΪձܲһְ취ԽһʱΪձأ
Ȼ۸ĿͱˣֱҲųԷʱʱ̿ű˯յҲֱΪֹ
żᱻŹ򡪡ΪձıһµΪİԼԿŹ
ģϰձżһѱֱԺ󷴶ʹࡣ
ʵôԼıҲ᲻ΪձֻϣΪձԺܶһЩʳһСҲԡ
ֻǵıձվֱԺͰ׵Ժ
ûкҲû˵ȡֵⶼˡ
ūһУֻܲϷ˸Լľ񣬲кԼõ˵ϲΪΨһܸıصĻᡣ
ūҲҪԼһȥĿꡣ
Ŀڶʱ򣬶ֺֻˡ
ǵԼǰֵǶΪūūԵġòκ⣬޴ֱ񱻳˵ľͷǸɻǾһǴ
磬Թûа㹱ס
ͼû˼룬ɣ˵ʲôʲôū֮仹ụɱƷ˵ӣֻūˡ
ȻԼҲūʶūԾʲô
˵ʱ˳ӾΨһȥİ취˶˶
ʳÿһٳʲô⣬ʲôû롣
ûκġ
·Ҫþȫôûйߣû˵١
䷴ֺá
ֺܻܿܲãλ»˵ƨ˵ܳһٱ
룬ǳԱ
ԵҲԲΪֹ
ΪԸһУ
Ǳѵģ˳̬ѷ˼£ʱͷƣɤӶҪðˡ
ѵ۾ȻûвʹΪԼڴϣ뿴һ
ʱȴûпһ£۵һ̣ɫǽ桪ֵĹİһ޴ˮұССһü顣
ãȻڴϣйɵġΡתͷŷĵطһۣͷߣһİɫֶɫԲ֧ţûȣҲûվܡ
ľĿͷ˼
֪ԼĶ֪ԼҪʲôֻôţֱ˽ٵһ̡
ˣҿˡڿ׼۾ʱ򣬡š⴫Ů˵
Է˵ʲôҲ֪ĸطķԣɶİ
ݶˮ裬ŷȴôá
Ǹ룬ǵ˽ʱ߹ⷭҪһť
˰죬ȴ֪ťĶ
ˣȽȥݶԼҲغͶԷ˵ֻǽȥ
ˮȥ˻ҩ
ҪԷϺ˿ûлŧŧˣҪѷ߲𿪣ŧ
Ȯ綼ǸˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򱻹ҧģ˻ûá
ݶߵ˴ߡ
ֺ췢ɴ۾ǿʲô
ûƿӣ˵Ĵ
ݶ֪ںʲôԼԶ㣿
ʹʿĲݶࡱĺ췢˲û̫õɫͶԷ˴˵Ļݶ죬ټͬѼȥƱӡ
Ѿ˯졣
ȫҺʳά֡
췢˷УݶεֲẦ㡣
˻ڹУݶʵ޿̣ѹץס˵ֱۣһƿӡ
ӵ£ʲôҲû
ݶɻ䡪ڴӻĵʱ򣬸ƼʲôҲû඼˳аƤˣʲô
أɥʬû··Ĳ֡
ɻ䣬Դ˫Ŀǧٻˡ
ݶûûԼǸƻŮԾ
ҲΪصʱŮŮ֮䶼ûʲôĹʲôŮսѻ֮䴦˿ڣҲῴԷŮʲôط
ݶǵһ˳еŮ죬ŮҪЩ˵ĻҪʲôŮΣΣˣˣˡ
һ֡ΡϽƣʱ䳤ˣҲϿֹ
ݶȻ̫׶Է˼ΪԷ˵е
ŮǶģ˵꣡
ݶ˵꣬һµ鶼ûڶŵѧƴǷֲƽࡣ
ĸĸһĨڡ
Ļˣݶ޲öĤݣԷ飬;öԷ˵ʲôе֮϶ʶֵĴе
ݶΪ˵еֻȥŮԱ˵һ顣
ݶ֪¸۵Ů״ԪͳöԷŮ˵ĶԲԡ
״Ԫ˵ǶԵģǾͱȻǶԵġ
Ӵ˲ݶΪŮ˽࣬Ƕǹȥˣ
οȥҲû
ŮԱɴ˷ŷңҪѧ֡Ů״Ԫô˵ģ˱Ҫ֣ٴҪѧҪ飬˼ܷԼĲ塰Լ׳ɡı
ҪѧֵʱҶ۲жˡ
ҪȺԱʵǶѧϰûа飬ʶֵģȥ֡
ȥͳһԱǣûƴɵĹŴѧЧʵ͵Щס
ĽѧԱ飬ϵĸʲôȱһͿʼűȥ֡
Сӻã˹ԱǲͷƤˣûһ鱳
ҲûԼĽѧ취ʲôԡСʱôɣ˽ӣҲʲôϣõȫϵı취
Ҷû취ֻСѧγƵǶŵѧ֡
Լû׼˵ģͲǵʦĲϡ
ûһڿηĿ
ڹԱǱȽϴģѾѧдԼֺʹдˡ
ݶде֡
ֻѧĶǼ֣ΪǰäûӴ֣ѧϰûйεѣ⣬˶Լֽá
ҲмֶܣֱǽڹŴдϵļ򻯡
Ŵ鷨ܶٱʣ귱־ʱ򣬾Ͳοɾʻ
֮йԱǶѧϰֽá
ĸĸĥ⣬ûб⡣
ݶһӰ˵£һ߰Ѻ췢˷һ棬ͺУͷȥ۲˿ڣţûŧ
ȥϰôݶҪߵʱǰһ䣬İɣ㶼ͦסˣ֮ǰûھ͸ˡ
񣬳ɹԱȲĿųȥ
û𣿡ڡſڣҩ
ݶҺӦû¡
ˣôõģݶЩ˼˸˵ťĶˡ
Ҳ鷳ϵİۣȻ˺ɫťͺˡ
ݶһҪҪȥ˵ʲô
ݶС˵Ҿÿ϶ҡ
ᵽڶЩ㱣ŬӦһУеҪԼҵɡ
ĴɨѾ޷ƽˣ˵ڻѧһЩ֪ʶɡ
ݶЩ£ҵĻ
᣺ȥϡˡ
ףҲŹԱһҶˡ
еʱ䳤ˣ㱵ľҶ۾ɡ
ʶץǣûɡ
ֻܸԼҶʵˣ֪Ų
ݶСԷ˵Ǹ췢Զ㣬ˣ˵Ǹ
᣺
ּ֮ʶ֡
Īúеȫ޷


71 
ȥܴ򡣡ݶֽԼֲһ飬⻹ɵϰߣȻõĵ࣬סһӿ룬ֲɾණԽ۾Ҫò
ݶС˵ܴ˵ǱҧˣǹҪҲҪõģͽз蹷˵ѾˣѾҧ˳һٴЧͲˣǿܵϡ
ոճҺӣȮݶ¡
Էһͷ췢ˣ׵ĳ𣬲ݶ϶ӦֵѪͳ
Сһ㡣ݶ뿪ǰĵĶᣬȻûôǸˣǸ֣ǧС
ͷʮֹɵ˵á
ݶֱȥܴ򡣡
ŲݶȥϵĿ֡ϵ˰̫ܵһμ˴򽻵ʱԸſ֣ŵˡ
ѷ򿪡˽ȥ
췢Ѿεͷǽţֱε͸ѪȻ޴ؿŽķᣬûκֻܲϻ˫ۣһơ
ãӢʵ
ӢﲢãϾѧУͲˣֻܿƵѧֲȶ磬Ŀεѧ꣬Ҳǿѧ˳еĿγ̡
֪Լѧô
㶣ΪԼˣԭأ˺ðβСػص㡭㲻ħ
ӲݶʼʹڼȵĿ־Уڷ۵ֻڴ˵
кڷˣҲĳ࣬۾ȫһ
һ֪ͬһˡ
ȻӢŨŨĿҪ˵ݣ°Ҳ˾Ųʮ
ģġ׵ǰóȻӽϸЩ͵˵ѧҲ˷Źҧ㣬˲㷹ԡ
֣ſ۾
Ƿ̫̫ᶨûгУҲûٻ˫ۣǰԼɸСһš
ῴñͷᣬ۾Ҳеɬƫͷһµó˲ݶǵ˵ǣľ㡣
Ȼ⻰һ̧ͷйâʢ𣿣
ˣӦкɫͷ۾
ʵǰΪӦҲҪˣɫƺҲܸҹϹϵ
߶Ҿ֪Ҿ֪񲻻ҡ
񲻻ʵͽ
תͷĨ۽ǵˮ
ײݶΪʲôΪҶˡ
Ϊǳ̫ͷԷɣΪʲôҪǣ
ǿ̫˵Ķֻܼϣơ
ֻǲκλɵš
ʣԵ㶫
û˵Ѿ˫ĿŹؿغ
ձΪһں
Ȼûõ
򴽣ȥá
᲻ļȹţһˮϡ͹̣Ų̣ҲߴٿȥǰѲ̰ڵϣɿȥץ
Ѿȵѩ׵ЩãĿŷᡣ
ȻǰҲׯ԰ҵүڼҵʱ򣬳ԵҲûôá
ûôѩףŨŨ㡣
Ц˵ҲģǺͻͣţ̣ԻӣֻƬҲϡ͹ģ⼸춼ûԶһ̫ࡣ
ûѻ꣬ѾȲذ
һ˲䣬ƺ⻯ˣŨĿǻûо׽ȥʹҧµڶڡ
ֱһָ꣬Ҳһ顣
һھͺȹϡ͹̣Ⲣûñ
Ƕãøʲôܳꡣ
Сؿŷ᣺Ů𣿡
ẬԼǰɡ
ЩЦãûǸϴ̵˵ŮɣҲ̫ˡ
ټ𣿡پŹ֡ĵطôܲŹ֣ôÿ˵۹ȥأ
ܻɣҪǰãıϣֱ
ϾģҲûйİԶ֮ǰ˵סۣϽʵ˶ʱ䣬˵أ˵
ֱ𱳣ʱˣٴֱ
ֱۣǲ޷͵ʹ
΢Ŵ𣿡
Ȼſ֣΢۾ÿ⣺Ȼǻۡ
̣Ҷ̹ȥ
ϣټʱǸձҲūǸˡ

пϢҶ۶棬Щŵĵͷŵˮˮʢŵǲݶר̸ȳ֭
ѿ֣˵һ顣
󲹳һ䣺֪ﷸʲô
ʱܰ˱ūʵ̫ˡ
Ҷüﻹū᣿
ҶǾģϲūᣬȻͬϲ⽨ᣬ߻Ҫǰߺһ㣬Ͼ⽨ỹҪעһ֪ϰ
ӣҲҪһġ
̰ٶ࣬ҲҪģ
ūᣬû˽ӡ
˾˽
ƲϰǴ¡
Ҷͷ۵̫ѨôⰡ
ūûǮֲū⣬ӵȥѹեЩѾ϶û˵ū
ȴͻȻ˵ݶǲΪ𣿡
ֻҪ㽵񼣣Щ˾ͻǮ
ЩǮЩūһأǽǻׯ԰
ǮҲˣҲûѹեǡ
˵ʱǲҿҶۣ֪ԼС˵ûз˵ᣬҶֻҪֳһ㲻ͻ̱죬ȡ
Ҷ۾˵е
װŪƭϰգҶ۽ܲˡ
ҪװŪƭūѧūܽܣѹ
СҶۺܹϣЦЦ⼸оô廹ûв
㶣˵֣ʵͬ˵ڳйͻáĻǾǳʱտƼˡ
ԴˡλԾȷʵۿɼĺ
΢Ե㶫;θ˳Ǿ۷ڣڵϣҲվʱͷĿѣ࣬ûܹ
Ҷۣһ£һºҪǿǩһʽͬʽͬ꣬ڼҲ㣬ҪְҲҪǰһµݽǳʡ
мµĻЩҲܵһ¡
Ҷⷽܺ˵ΪԱûһĵġ
вݶţϵͳӶĹԱֶûжµġ
ᳯҶ۵ͷҿȷϢֻҶʣʣϰ壬𣿻ˣ
Ҷ룬Լǲһλ棬ƺ˻ܻԼȺŵģ
Ĵָ°˵ˣ
᣺
Ϊʲôôȷ
ҶЦҾЩҪǳһ˵ͬĻ㲻ͬһˣҲ˺͹𡣡
ǸпˣûнģпվͶĹӴˡ
ԶҲˣ̾ͿʼС
Զҽеܲˣʵû취ֻ÷ȥӴ
ͷһģϰ塣
ᣬƺûаԵȵԣǰ˳ǽ㣬ĸףԼֵʳ
˵һ⣬֮ÿõԼֻһ룬ſˮһƸᡣ
ΪԼĳ㹻ӲôڹĻأڿĿУȴһͿ
񿴵һֻϼǧٿףȴŨҵĶɵͶ
ʲô
ƺʲôûֻǳˣˣˡ
ǸʮˣҲӦ֪ԼΪԼĻᣬΪǳΪū
᣺ܳˡ
߽Ρ
˴ĻȺм˺ãζ
ȴûгԣζѷŵϵĲ̳ƣС˵ԣҰ㿴ţǷ֡
ЦУҲԣ춼УרΪ׼ġ
һ㣬ˣ󱳱ֱˣܱټԺһ
ϲҲΪ𣿡
֣̿ҵūУҲ䣡
ſ᣺еģеģ˳ǰ
᣺
㵽Ų񰡣
᣺˶һ㲻ΪΪūͼͷЩҲΪΪ߹Ƕͬ֫٣ǲвͬ
ĻȻְ˿
̾˿
ֻҪҶ񣬿ʲôܽܣʲô
ΪĴǳԽʶģĳʶУֻҪˣͻ۸ѹեŰ
ˣ׼ȷ˵ǲˡ
ĥЩӣ۸ܵ˶ˡ
뿪Ժ󣬷Ų̺ˮȥˮ۱ϴݶǿ̫ãڳкɹӣѱɹůģɹһ󣬸Ͼͺζ
Ӻãݶ˵԰ŴҲ˯ģ
ݶ˯ʵöضҡ
ݶæС˵ҲǺöأء
ݶϿģЦ˵զģػడ
ݶСֹ㲻Ҳһȭ𣿡
ĸŮȫаɣԱܲϰԱЦ˵
ݶˣȥҵóú
ݶСˣҵġ
ֻû
ͷһõʱ຦°ڲ£ΪܸԼҲúġ
ūݶĵʱʧɫ
ҲΧ
ӲūɣǴûеġ
˵ūĺݶĸأŮūĺӻū¸ǹ塣
ЩɲôԼĹ⣬Ȼū
ѽūȻҪ˯Ůūޣ
Ůߣῴǵı飬ȺʮֿɰЦ˵ū˺ܳʱ䡣
ῴʷ飬֪ڽʷУǰϦһЩطūơ
Ļһ
ǿ
ҪȻøһɣһۡ
㲻ʳ𣿻л֣
һĻֻеġ
Ҳ棺˵Ǹ췢ֺˣ
ֿ֣Ҳˡ
᣺ǰūʱūŹļ๤ˡ
̾ǰ۵ʱҲûйǮ˵ԣһͷôһˮûУ๤ǾǲǱҪִġ
ȥ˿ɶˡ
͵ģýųԸۣ˵Ĳ֪ж١
ǵĸģЩ๤ûǵɸһˡ
Խ˵Խ˵Ķļ๤һܹǲ˵ˡ
һطĻᱧţ
ǣŲܲ۸ܹõͷܳȥ
Щū𣿡
ҡͷǲᱧš
ҪôѾľˣҪôɥʧзֻƲ۸ˡ
ҲţֻǵõĲпѹ
ûָǰ·ˣûû㹻ʳû־ɳǵľģôأ
վȭͷܷġ
ϰ𣿡ڱʱʲݶ
òݶѵûһˡ
ݶȴͷκԥ˵Ȼǣѵ㲻ţΪʲôţչʾɼﲻŵģ
ʴȿȴ֮Ķ𣿡
ݶЩ̧°͡
˵ʴȿˣҲĻˣ
᣺ǣֻǺ棬㲻ˣҾ𣿡
ݶƲƲ죺˲Ųˣзģ˵ʵүɣ𣿵ػ˰˼ҿû˵˵ˣôܹЩү͹үأ
ʵүûȹǣǣȴǡ
˲ݶ˼ݶΪҶ˻ʵ۶û£Ȼʵ۸߹󣬱Ȼʵ۸߹ģǾֻˡ
߼Ǣ
Ҳֵ㣬Ҳֵ㡣
ѾЩϿɲݶǵĻˡ
ôʹ࣬Ǿɡ
Ĵϣ
ݶЦЦлл㡣
ݶգգۣлʲôǾ˵ĺе
᣺ԣ˵ĺе

ʹ˻ΧĻҶھСʱ󣬿ϵӰ
ͳҶߣɯڵϣһ𿴵Ļ
Ǽ๤
õϵͳõ˻ڲ˷ֵ£ֺܱԶľͷ
Ҷżһ˿ҵһſڵϣͷƺڳʲôǵվżʵĴ󺺣ڳָָ㣬۴Ц
Ҷ۵ɫ
ɯҶۡ
ɯҪȥǶɱ𣿡
Ҷۺ˵ãסˣ˵ɱףɱԺЩūô죿á
ūǷǵģӦūЩǵļ๤
ҶۿŻġˡ
ˡţȴվš
Լֻķ羰ˡ
Ҷ䵭ûа


72 
³ߣƾҪʱ䣬ҶۻԼĽǵﺢӺˣƽһӦʮҡ
Ӻˣλ棬Ҷǲҷǳȥġ
ôǿ׳Ů˺ˣҶ۶ҷųȥ
ܳȥˣҲֻͳ棬ҶԼ
Զʵ̫ˣȻˣҶܾ׾ͻᱻſ£һֻС
ҲȥԶǵʱ˵Щԭʼ˴ʲô
ͬ൱ūĶԭʼˣֻԭʼܸɳ¡
Ҷ۳ЦЦһǳɫзһ˫ɽѥŹװ㣬ȱԵø䣬Ҷ۵˵߱ں󱳵İͳ˵ˡ
ȫ˻Ƶͼǲеġ
λǴϷʶ·˵﾿
ڽͨͨѶķʱ򣬺ܶ˷ֲ嶫Լֶ˵
ǹϾСҶ۱һAKаȫС
ʱܸͻûʱĳ£ǴAKֳ沽ǹȫ
ŵǹ
ֻгľѡ
Ҹ淢ҶڿԼЦ˵ͻĻҿԲֱӵǹ򡣡
ҶĽˣڻС
治£򵥣С
ǲûд϶ٶֻ˯͸
ҶѵóһΡԶš΢ôһ˷ܡ
ϧ˷ܺܿ͵Ȼ޴桪Ŀһķ羰ֻǰһСˮͰ͹ƽĵԼͱڣ鶯ﶼֻܿһЩӡ
峿ںϢŷʱҹ
ϰҹɡ°ҹ
΢΢ͷ
ҶۣҸʲô
ڰ֣ϰϢͺˣֹʣ½ǾС
ҶЦԷǣǲУһʲôµֻǸ㿪ʣֲҪǵĵ
ûټ֣һۣû˵˵ϰ壬ڿʼذɣȥ˯˯㡣
Ҷˣá
涶˯ȻߵһԴ϶˯
ԾʣҶۺţǵͷǺҹգȺ財
ҶۿǰĻѣӰһɣԲԣ
ڲ
Ҷ΢΢ͷͷߣǰٻôеĿա
ʵҶǻǶΪʲô뿪СҶǰȻ࣬뷨еûϢ
Ҷ۵ĲüʣΪʲô
ҶЦ;Ҫҵ㿪УҲҪƷ
߽˾߹ܣֻԼҵϰ塣ҶۣʱҲǵ˵˵һǱ졣
ʱƢҲáҶۣҾƢͦõġ
Ƣһֱܺá
ûҶ۷ӣʱڸ
ҶǸˡ
Ǹûͼֵˡ
ᣬȴᳯϦġ
Ҫ˾ȥ˯ɡҶۿҹ㻹Ҫҹ
΢ҡͷڲ
ҶҲͲԹԵ˵һǾò˼飬ˣΪʲôʱūڰŰūʱܲǵأ
һ˺Լͬ֫ū
Ҷ֪³֪˶
ȴ˵ǲū˵ġ
ҶգգۣǸͬһ׼ˣͲˡ
ӹ
ҪԼãʱײԼҲãǸϲ˲ͬ࣬һԼѶԷΪ
Ҷۣ
һڳλǮˣҲ
λûаøУֻŨҵĶĸС

ϣˣˣֻ𴲡
ϳѥףԼƤñ߳ľݣѾ緹ͬ麰𣿡
ͬҡͷƻҪһ
ϣֻͬ棬һһū𣿴ôҪԹ
ͬ飺ô֪ܸǸū޹أ˲Ǯģ˵ˣһūҲֵǮһµĹǮ͹ˡ
ϣЦһ¹ǮҺȶپˣ
ūΪȻһ󳯵ĭŪģҲÿҹǮǸūһʲô£˻ǽԼʳ
ͬ飺⻰˵˵УˣȻ϶ҪǮ
ϣƲƲ죬֪Ҳϵ
һūҪūܻΪ˹Ĺߡ
ϾҪ塣
͡
岻˳۵˿ɲ١
ϣһվĲ²Ŀūķ
ūʱɵʱ
Լǲ˵ʲôҲ᲻ᱻԼۡ
ôūԣֻūϣҵȻѹƸкͿ
п˭͸˭ԣϣū֡
ﲢûһɫʯͷ
ūǵ񲢲ã쳤˲ӣؿϣʯ飬Ȼųϣǰܡ
һܵǸˣСٶ飬ֻһϣǰ溬Ŀϣ
ϣ΢΢£˵ͷūˣǶˡ
ūЩĴҲ۾գҲգĿϣȻǳԲҲζ
ȻԤϵ£վϣġݺ˵ͷϡ
ڵϵ˲䱻ҵͷѪ
ϣһ˵ĶӣūҲ
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ūɪţŲӣȴȥȱŹˡ
Ҳֻڵϣ˫ֽסԼͷ
ϣһֻŲ˵ĺϣЦūҪūԾΪԼиˣ
˵껰ϣ۲Զվŵļˡ
Щ˾Ϊж嶼߸ߵˡ
ûٿһһź뿪
ūҲȥˣСؿţ˿ȳһˮѵĳϥվȻūֻһأͷøˡ
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ϣʮϲӵָУǴϣʱָС
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ϣ˸ۣ֣ͬѱӵһߣ˵ڱһܴˡ
ͬ飺ʲô壿ѵܰ𣿡
ϣ˵ˣ˰Լͷ
ˣԶͻȻ˺
ϣվʶ¶ĵı飬ϴЦҲˣҲˣ˷ܵسķȥ
һ̵ϣʻˣڲݵϣԶ
һƥӷ׵忴䣬ϣǸһ㱡ɴ·˵Ĵӵ³ĵϲûдЦЩȱȱ
ҼǵǸˣֶӣ˵ͷԱߵ͡
ЦǵģǸúӣС֪æɻʮָжǴİһ߾ȫΪ£ΪҲԹԡ
Ŷ˶üͷʲô
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ţôǵãһϣˣҵһū£
ͻû˵һ̴չ˵ˣúøɻūѧʳԼǺȤ˿ĵٶȡ
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ϣĶԴǣ֮ǰúøɻ
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һϴ˷ܣ岻Զϣ֡
ϣ͵˼ܹȥϹϾĵͷ޲Լ͵
˾ηˣʵˣԸΪҵһУҵ
ڰ֣Щˣ㣬ūȡûϵΪʲôҪǿĵʱȡ֣Һܲˡ
ϣȫֱͰ͵˵ҡҲġˣֻϣܸŬĸɻ
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ЩԵõض˵˶ãܽһǱ
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ҵĸܿͺˡЩˣһСʱ򣬾һֱӵһǱϧЩϹ壬ǲԸ
޽µĳǱҪ̫أ̫Ǯˡ
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ΪǲϮ壬Ծ͵һ𣿡
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̾ϢǱһҪԽԽԽãʱҪЩǼˣǿǼҵĲ
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Ҳںôңô˵ңǰʲôϣһһµūͷ˵ʱ촽ⷭ¶һڼЦҪȻھȥ׷˵Űū
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˰ɡͬϣļС˵Ҳá
ϣָūһţѸū߽ˣūԽһˮ
ֲūϣͻȻ˵ҸһƾʲôôңΪ͵壬Ҹף
ǵĹϮĸŮӣ̳ȥ˲Ҫǡ
ΪԼܸĴǹԺ
һˣΪĳλ﹤ʵ㲻Ǹˡ
ϣǸſˡѾȫ޷ˡ
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ҪȫѵˮУܻϢ
ڲݵϢ²ǸǳЦԷǵС
ϣȤ߹ȥ˷ܵؿˮûĿ
һƽϣ̶ǶôЦһ£
ϣߣע˵ĲѾ泯ƽ̨ڵϵʱʱ鴤ƺио
ŵֽ࣬ȴ費һ㾢
ϣ˺һջʧȥȤϲūһУϣһ˲ʹĿ⡣
ǻ˷ܣҲͬĿʹĥ
ūˣܻ
ϧ˱ˮһϣı飬վ³һڳ鿴Ȼмֱ
ĽŲūıϣһȻ˺ݺݲȽˮ
ֻһΣūʵ޷ˡ
ǿϣǷ˸ۣһּΪɱ̸ˣΪİ࣬Ϊ˵ֶͣʶôΪ˴Ʋύѣ£
˵ʶ֡
Цţ˺˼ɵسЦʶ֣ϴλдŴֽؿ𣿡
ҲֻܿŰūˡ
ǵģūȻֵǮûʱҪǣҲֻˡ
Ƕ޷ϣǳЦϣ
Ǳǲе⣿
ʲô
һĵطȥֻǻû壬ǹâǵ˫ۣһ˲Ƕʧ
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ϣȻأˮ
ԶɽºҶ۷ľѡ
ֺȣ֪ʲôʱʼʱֲٶҲֱ顣
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ʺ϶ǰĵˡ
ԭҶΪԼصʱֻǹйɥʬγ˿ǹܻﶯҡܻܲˡ
浱׼ϣ
ȻģûѶԷˡ
ûаɥʬϾɥʬôūͬࡣ


73 
ҶѹǹͷѾѻǹ˳档
˿ףҶȴȫûΪԼǹе־壬෴ÿǹһ̣Ŀˣɱĵһغһ
ʲôһֱͼץסץסĸоȥ
ȴҶѵøܵһ˿ɡ
ָоݣ֮ǰҶ۲ûԼﲻԣȥͻȻȫһᣬʲôһֱĶŹˡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ѹɤȥǸʱҾûǵԺ󡣡
ҶҲû׼óȻȥȵȵȰɡ
ϣϣûʶʲôͺȻѪԼĴϢͬԶɶԷ֡
ϣϣ
ڰ·ǿϵѪȴ֪ǴĶġ
ҪֹѪ죬ҽ𣿣ȥҸҽ
æµǵϲûеĹģֻе鷳ᷳδ֪Ŀ־塣
ոʲôûпͷҲûмˡ
Ͻȥ
ǺȻʶи֡ͷ֡͡ȣЩǺε뿪̧ϣľ
ľӦǿ赲ʸģڹŵһҵһ㰲ȫС
᲻ʲôֵƬиھӣ·ϣ֪ĶƬĲӻˣ˽ϡ˵һݵ̾˿Ҳû֪ǿƬġ
ҿϣͺھӺ񡣡˵ˡ
ںϣϵõͬһֱûзͬ˺ϣϵ·һ˫Ѫȥ̽ϣĸ
һѪ
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ûмͷҲûƬ
ϣǱ͸˸һѪס
ϣ죬ľϴϢþȫץס֣ͬոþȫץסūѵСȡҡ

ͬ鼱Ⱥһ㣬һ㣡ȥҽ㣡
ͬ鿴ΧһȦĹ£һ֮ǰº͵ģ׶˵ɽȥҽǺúÿ취ֹѪ
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ͬ飺ǲ֪͵ֶӣƽʱìܣ˳ۣǶ֮С⣬ˣô彻
ĳ˵Ѿͻ˽׼
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գգۣȻ˵ȫɱˣ˰
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ģǵǮǵˡ
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ȫȻãܾһЩūܹ뿪λĻ֡
ҪôǡҶЦ
º棬ʱ˴ܿǣλӲҶ۾ú쬵ģǺаȫС
Ҷʱʱͻץһֱۡ
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Ҷ۵΢΢ҡͷˡ
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ֻҪҶ۲ǣǲԼûж߱˵˼
Ҷ۲ʲôá
ںƽλ棬һλҪܴӳпʼޡ
ﲻλ棬ֻ㹻ܱİȫ
ҿǹҶ֣ùҲֻǡ

죡ͬ˻ʱû¿ϣǣһͷ¿¿ϻһĹߡ
һͷͷͳһѩ׵üëҲһü
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ҽΨһҽҪ񣬻ҪΪƼȻĶ࣬κõٵÿҲԼʱΨһָˡ
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ķóвֻӲͷƤ˵ܡ
ҽ
ҽҪߡܲ߰ľͰժĲҶ֦ƽʱŪŪˣβˣͨϣһϲͨ
Ӹĸ̳ģҲֻʼһˡ
ѾУ˳£ҪǱץô죿㲻ƤҲð
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ģˡ
ҽ۾ͻȻСʣһ춼ûгԶʵ̫ˡ
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ڵҹ˿־壬˲ֱӡ
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֮ӦеĹâѩ׵ûһ˿Ȼƣǻ⣬һ̵Ĺâ˲׽Ȼ󳤾õ
ҽ㶵ذڵϣãĿǵ⣬ԼʲôӦøøʲô
⣬ūҲ⡣
ľͣ߶Ķƺʱʶǲԣûһֱǡ
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˽ūūľģһӦòͻȻֻҪȹµĹ
Ҫģһưū쳤ֱָۣŹĵķһ
Ļ˫֣֮ǰûκɵ۾ͻȻ䡣
ưͣҽȴư͵˼
˵ǵˣˣǲٹˡ
һֶû˵ȴƺ˵һС
ūǵײײĵطܣ
һ񼣽٣⣬ǣຣ
ūǷˣǷǰӿȥ
ҽԭһȥСǸȥ

ΪһˣǲܵõһЩô
ôжܲɸ̣߹
ҽı𽥱˷ֵһλ
˶йĴ˵Ƕ಻ʤ
ߣҽͻȻվ󺰵ͻȻūһӣҪδ
ūȴӶ
˷ܣ򵥣ľ
ֻҪܽͺãܽǾܻҸ
ƺܵΪֹ


74 
û¶ȣϲ˾ůûܲ쳣
ūҸϣճյǰʲôû룬ֻ˫۶ŹԴ
Ҷվڹ¡ϵǿֵ硣
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⻹Ҷ۵һ˴ģҡײƭôһ˿˿ֺܿūǵĲ
ΪЩūǵϲûɡ
ľġ
Ǿķɳ棬ںԼˣֻ֪һ⣬𺣡
Ҷۿǵÿһơ˶ƤûӪɳڸʱ˺֮ĳͻȻͱСˡ
ǿһˡ
ںһվֱֱؿڵūߵʱҶ۲̵ƿ۾
ֲЩ˵Ůȫʧȥڣ塣
ЩɴֻŮūūһû£ǵƲӰš
ֻ˾ò̡
ūǾ£ΧԺҶ۲˷
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Ҷۿ˲Զ
˲Ҷ۵˼ǹֿ⣬ūǻûڵʱ򣬾һǹ˲ֿľš
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⻹Ҷ۵һξǹá
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ľĸֶֻֻ̧ڿʱūǷ·ʶʲô
ܣҽȻ˵
ãʣ
ûȹ˵һ֣ҽͺȻץס󣬰ݺһԣ˷һԱߵС
ǲвվһԼϵһŭ
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ЩӲ̧ͷȻ󿴵˱һĻ
ЩƽʱľľżһūǣǱʲôһǼһ𣬷·ʲôȻŲֿ˹ȥ
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˭óǹȥһк³
Ȼūֿ⣬֪Ժǵ³Ҳ̫ãܹ鲻
ҽ૵ȥȡʳ
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˵ȻΪԼ˼һǰǿҵȥˣǲЩֻǵͼū
˵˫۷Ź⣬˷ܵ£š񡱵ķ˹ȥ
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ǲϣͷô죿ǿɲһǧĻ
ɰЩūѲֿʳˣˣ̣ˣô˽
һҲūģ
ûõĺƺأֻţûһͷԸ⡣

һμôʳū˵ĸˡ˵ģѾȥĸ׸ģĸΪԼԲ
ǸƽŮĻĺôҲ˽ӣ㲻ܼ̳оλͼҲҲᱻȥ飬ӵһ
ΪūҲֻū
мԼƺһֱڸɻСʱҪ˵ļɨ΢һЩͽ¯Ϊֻҳܿͻˡ
ɲ˶ٻԺ󣬹ǾͰ￪ġ
ϣǰɵ㣬Ȼʹ㣬Ҫ˷ʳ
Ϊ֪˵ĺӣԼûкɫûŴ벻ִɱ
ġѡûôõˡ
ŲֿʳζľĴڻԺг˶ǰļ䣬ĸСʱ򣬾ڰҹߡ
ÿǸʱͻܿġΪ֪ĸ׻ʱһغö
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Ҹʱĸ׸һСƿۡ
Ȼǵĸ׵׳ʲôӣȴǵúܶ˵ĸһܺӣΪлᱻ˿ء
ϣƺһҫΰ¡
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ɰӻСʯӣڸдֲڣžܱʯͷӲ
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ץһȻٿ£ºĽҪƿҲٿ
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ڷʳ㣬ÿ˶ܳԵԺūڲˣҲϯض˻ȥԱߵˮˮȡ
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Ѿˣֻܺˮ
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СǿֵĹ⡣
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СĹҶȫƺһɫıߣūǲ̧ͷֻΣԲģ
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Ӧǿģ㲻ܴĪ棬ҲǷŨü
Ҷ˵ںңҾˡ
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⧲Ҷ۶ӣŵô˳ҲΡΡعڵϣ״ε˵ˣ
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ǱŵɫɷסǲɵӣūôɫôȰ˵ΪǳǸҲƢģȻô˱ͷǧꣿ
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ˡ𷢹·ڿ̧ͷȥ۾
ĵ׺ȻӿһֵĿ
˵˿ˣҪȥȥĹ
뷨˲ȫ񣬹С˵ˣϵͽԸΪҵһУҵ
˵ԺûС̧ͷȴ⧲ײԨС
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ڵƺûй
ɫıʯȴ
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ҶҲŹ£ʣΪʲôôȻĲūˣ
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Щ죬ΪҶ۲Ҳ׺ݣС˵ˣūˣǵ˿kУǲˣֻڵϵĳӡ
Ҷۣĸĸǣ
ǶЩãʵǹҲû˵ĸҲֻ֪˾ūΪǱɵӣֶģԲ䵱ˣֻ䵱ū
ҶۣⲻԼ𣿡
ţūԼͬ
ҶջĿ⣬վֱ壬˵һ
һ̧ͷȥǸĨĿĹâǶ˲ʧ
ҶҲͳǡʧļ϶Ա˹ȥ
ҺǶȺãûù¿ԼܲӢҲūǿ
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˲ݶλҶ˲ٶǵײ˱źƭ
ûʲôʧȥˣ˵ƭͲƭĽʵࡣ
ˣҲõѡ
лӣҸ
ֻɽˮʱ򣬲Ÿҷһ
ԱƭĲŶˣ˼㱻ƭˣҲ˽ǣ˵ЦһЦΪԼḻ˲١
ˡ𷢹૵ץסԵǰô죿
ʲôô죿ô죿
ֿô죿ôūô죿ҵ찡
ھҪȥ¡
ϣ𣿡
񻹻ţС
˵ҽһ߳˼ˡ
ӻΪҽǾˡ
԰Լʹ
ιΪ˸½̽·ģҽ̧°ͣװһޱߵģŹǣΪǶū̫Ͽᣬ̫̣˽ūǣǱɺһ񣡡
ǵû𾪣Ͼոƺľ˼
ҽ˵Ϊ˱ʾǵϣǱΪ˰¶
գգۣ֪˵Ҫʲô
ҽ֪Լɹˡ
գգۣ˵ҪƬأ
ʵҲ֪ҪʲôֱΨһֵǮĶء
ǲҪ˻ġ
ҪܣҪƣҪˣҪɫ鱦
Ҫū
ҽΪעūΪҪһġڡ
һ˸ߵɡ
ҪһؽԼĹ
϶ҲҪһ١


75 
ֿ˯ūǲȣôతżţҲԸ뿪ֿ⣬ȥˬҹߣǲ˯ʱﻹſһĺ
Ϊ̫Ӳеݲ֪˲ȹմҳǽǡ
ǽǣﻹһ˯ҲûǾ׽
ż鶯żϹżǣ˿ǿ޻Ц
˶ȵ˯ţǲıֺҪĳͷ
벻Ժ¡вûжô
ѵõ˸ΣΣū˵ūûεġ
ֻб谮ˣӵξ
ǵãСʱ򾭳Σʱ˯ĸ׵ĻǼĸϵζůģܺܿߣ롣
СʱμľĸװȥһСС壬ӵһԼСľݣĸһɻ޲ӣֲֻݡ
ĸˣҲûΡ
ڸɻ۾˯ţӴξԶȥδһҲɢ
µֻһмÿҹ׽
ϣμĸס
ֱǸĸ׻˯ŵĺӣڴ϶ˣĸ׻
ϸ꣬ӷ϶ﴵķ䣬ССñӰԼһ룬ֻ¶һԴĸ׻
ĸסСľľֻܷһŴһӣūԣѾǳõĴˡ
ūûһڷ絲ݶÿ꼾ͻūڼ
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ڼֻԼãūһ·һӡ
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ĸߴ֮ǰĸ׻Ĺ£ĸ״ֱӽľݣӵ˱ĵϡ
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·ˮʪͷʳˮֽŶűƵĺۣˮ˺ۣѪһ𣬺󱳵·֪Ϊʲô˺ѣȹҲڲͣѪ
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ĸףλΰˣĸ׵͸ۻĿǡ
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ūһ˵μһأõյʱ򣬵ǽӲӵӣģ紵ʱӻᷢ
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ΪǣĽƻˣ
ūǷ׷׵ͷ֪ԼεºܣȻʳ
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ΪҪǸ·Ǵ񲢲ϵͳģǳɣ㹻ᣬſԺ˯
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˵ҲԼıҺҲҧˡ
ֻͭƤǣûܵõӵ
Ҳ˵׹취
ҶЦЦʲô취Ҿûǵøǵʱ
װŪҶҲСо飬Ĺƶûо顪ϾֻҪй˿ŵʱһݣһݾǴ꣬ʱʱ̼̿ǵԼ裬һĻ˵
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ϰ壬Ͱ½ɡȰȻ¶ҪԼ취ҪǸʲô㹤ʰ׷
Ҷ㶣һʱû뵽ɡ
ŵҶۣһҪΪ˸Ǹס
ִҵĲдƷȥȡʱĶء
ҶѾˣһԼǮһΪūȡõ
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ҶԺ̾һǸˡ
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濴仰Ȼɷнµĵ˵ͷʮʵ⣬ǿ
Ҷۿɽµķ
ǸƬصˣ˵ˡ
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ôôͿţƤѥǰһöֲڵ룬̰ĮĿŷ¿Ĺ£üͷţѾγĨƽĹ֡
ƽʱǼǶߡȻȨ󣬵ϾкܴһιܼңΪͻҲ
ǿ۸ϣȴֶͬ۸
ҲûΪǶϣ̬ǣΪǶϣ
ΪֶӣζӦóŹһأߣʲô
С񡭡´ŴһߴһȲ˵ˣ
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»˵ʲôο׾౿ҽԽڶ忨˵ҪūЩūԱӵȨ˽ܻһҪҼˣ
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ǸƭߣĮɨǰйµ
һΣûϿһ˵ѵĽš
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һȺ˶ظһԣʱˣǾͻΪʵ
Լġ
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סˣԾؿҽЩ
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ҽЩûܼģΪʲôн̻᣿٣
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˵ͷûٸҽһ񣬶𵶲棬ʳ
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ֻҪ񣬾ͺܷܽ˵ֿԼġ
Щ£ΪӦȥֱ˵
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ЦһΪʲôֱ¶񼣣
Щ˵ˣЩԥʵΪū
ЦһūΪͲҪū𣿡
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ǻҪ񡣡
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ÿȥͿһھƣЩ۲Ŀ߲ľա
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кܶ࣬ĴڣǶҲһ¡
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õĸףȸΰٹ⡣
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ǰǣ
ҪԼһ񡱡
Է׸ԸԷһµݡ
Է

һ˶ѡ
ѵ
ȾƼ


76 
ϣҶɽּС·ϣ¶Ȳߣûжȡ
Ҷ۲׼ūǰΪ񣬸Һݣ裬ȥɡ
ڻϣҹ̫ԶҶۺ󣬾ɽ
ɽ¾дׯ
Ϊҵ̫ԶɽȥƬֻǵķݣĽȺҲ֣Ҷȥûпˡ
ȫľӣִ˻԰Сûаϵ
ľһһļªҶԶȥľ©ľ壬ܵݶЩľݶǱȺһһ飬˵ǲסˡ
ǵĳʵ޷Ⱥ壬ҶۼɽҲֻڲԶ۲졣
ǵũڸɻƬũޣûţӣǸֻԭʼİ취
ȴҪƶ
ʧΪ֣û֣Ǳ˸ԣġ
ݶô˰ôߣҲһͷ
ͷĵطûС
ͷһô򵥣ǳ±ͱ˶׷󣬲ܹȻǷǳСѾγг
Ȼгӡ
ǰƬأعϡû㹻֣ܴ˵ĺô޵ġ
زӾջҪأʩʣ档
һֺֺʳûкõջҪˡ
Էũ˵ѪẹˮŨĸ
ҶܿڵũӾò˩һߵԣҶܿȥץĳӳԣôĸû
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԰ȴû˾

ڳԷһֱڳԣ˺üλǼԡ
оԼԼ˿һˣûоñ
ūѾʼöʹɼ
ˣڲֿſڵūϴſ־壬վ𣬡ˣ
ԭڲֿūǰߵкȻ󲻶ӵųȥײΣÿζǰ֧ŵ棬Ѹվ
ūԺ֪ˡ
ǳôô࣡ץסˣ϶ᱻ
Ӱɣ
ôˣҵһطȥǲǣ
ֻҪץūҲãйһٱʲôˡ
ȻոյĿûйעūǣûпֿ⣬ѯ񾿾Ķġ
Ǵ·ģҽߵߣҪʶȥͽԷÿεһ̶סˡ
ˡҽ˵
Ҳϡ
ҽǲ䣺ǾĽá
ҽдǰ
ƺеͷû˵ʲô
ߵҽָĵط±ߵĴ£ƺȷʵе㲻
ܸߴ󣬶˵øƺ⸽ֻһŴԱȫС
Ҳ
վվĵطȻڻ֪񾿾Ǽ٣СĵǺõġ
ʲôиڷĶ
ԼԸȥڣתͷĹ¡
ᣬ²ԸҲ˹ȥͽڿͼĶ˳
ⶫɨȥ¶ݵʱ˶ɵˡ
˺Ʈ˼ԡ
ҲҶ
еһֻ
ȴƽʱܿĺĳſʰ쵣ûеɫ͸ĳŶʵĹ⣬нɫ·Ĵ⾫ϸƺһ̾ͻ
Ϣ
񼣡૵񼣣
һʩ񷣣
ʵ̫ˣ˫˸̰Ĺ⣬˵Ҵȥˡ
¶û˵ܾȣô˵ˡ
˵ˣ
𣿡ץסҽֱۡ
ĿִΣոնҽһµ˲Լ
ҽ룬ܿ˵
ֲͻȻҪѺĹº
±ŵһе䡣
ʱƺͣˣ˹½µʯͷϡ
·˶
ķѣһı
ˡС˵
Ѿ嵽ʧֵĹǰĿټյһ𣬺ݺݵĸ˹һƣʹˣֻһƾͱڵء
֪ʲôŭ𣬡һˣ㲻䵱£䵱㣡ĸĸӣӦȥū
˵ڵصĹ±ң£ȥĿȣһһ߰󣺡ҴˣҵĴˣôң
һֱΪ£ҿ׳ұūˣ
ȴֻһţԼԶһ㡣
Լ߹ȥͳЯѺġк
ھ͵ȥˡû׼ȥһԼֶӣǰá
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ҲǹġҲǹġĹſڵϣ߶ͬһ仰
ƵĿˣǶ˶԰ɣǿҺһҲʧ֡
԰ɣǶ˶԰ɣ
û˻ش
мϵõתͷٿ
ľչϣȴķһֱûܵ
ϣû֪ԼӲҽҩȷʵãûб仯ҲûбãҲֻԲѣ²֪
ķЩüߵſȥֻ뿪Ӱ
šֶӣ
ǿѪף
ķתͷڴ²֪ϣȻĪоһɱ
ʵϲϣϣԴֲбͬҲǴ
ָмϣϣͱūˡ
ûǮҲûеλҲ͵ȵһ࣬ǷǮԶϣϣڹƾūûûҹĸɻ
ķߵߣͷϣҰ׵
ϣϣܻȥ
ܣҲϣòҪʹࡣ
Լ
ķס
ûκΰ취˾ǳΪū

ɼĲΪִƷеĴϣű۲֪߶ٱë档
ţֻԱ߿ţ̾ȻѺ˲
ȻǲıȻôɫǿˮһ
С˵֮ǰʲôˣ
ոȻв˹£˵ҪöԷΪū¡
ΪʱԼҲڳҲܲ
˺ģ˵סϵ𣿡
ܲܰҲȥ
Ȼ˵ʹҲūͣ뵱ˡ
ܿĳģ϶ߵģϾλΰˣͨ˲һ
ǲ֪ϲʲôźź˵Ҫܿõģͺˡ
Ҳź
ȻģǾͱ취񿴵ǵĳġ
ȥʲô˲𣿡һȥ˵ضûˣٹ壿ֻһλҪλԷ
ЩСԸŹ壬ǹ壬ΪߣҲܴţ߻ݡ
ÿҪ⣬õͱռˣءĸԱû¸ɵĹԸȥʺĵطű
ȥΪʵʺ
ز֣ʳֲ٣ڻܳȾƣȫ游ףһյĶƽù裬Ŵһ㹻ӻǮ
ӻָҲǶٶٳ⡣
ʯƤ̺˲Ŷûܻµġ
ùܼҿֿﻹʲôóĶЩܣʵ̫ˡ
ֵǮĶ࣬ЩУ϶ȱӡ
񶼰ƣľʵ㲻
ѾƽľõװճյؿźһҪ˿жϣ㲻ܸһȥϣҲҪõkʹͣ
ȻˣɼֵƣԼֻȥ͸λߵĴ壬˵ܻһõء
ڲͣ±˷֡
õЩ䱦ܵõ󲻵ĺô
˵ܳΪ
뵽δˣ죡ٿܳʲô
ı˵Ļڽ

סǳɽȴ˸˸߾Żѣңߣĵȴ١
ҽдʣͷϲ˼֪ʲôëһһΧŻ衣
û˾ΪЦׯصɫ
ԼμҪʱŴ·ɫ·ϻ˻ơ
Ⱦϲ׵ãɫ޵ȾϸѣǮ򲻵
ˣ·ҲƷΪϴξͻɫɫȫֻܴܿһκøɲȥȻСĵ
ֱȷʵȥˣŻϴͨ·
ԶҶ
װֵԶڵĹūԱʵ̫ҡ
ˡıӺܴ۾СһԲȻ㲻ϺÿɾȻĪе㺩ӣ˾ӦǸĳõʵˡ
ҶСʣ׼𣿡
棺׼ˡ
Ҷ۵ͷǾͿʼɡ
ڲԶ̻˸ʵľٺǿֵ硣
Ҷ۸ʹ˸ɫ
ȼ̻ߡ
ûվЩˣ
æ˵˿ǧҪ¡
̾˿֪
˵ͱһŵסˣͬʱĻɫĻ
һ̧ͷȥ
޴ɫںҹţѤ˲ҹգѸʧ
ܿ죬һ仨ٴšֻһǽɫ
̫ˣȺҪ
첻ϣȴٺ£ͷճյؿҹĻΪĻôô貣ŵһ̣ɢ
΢죬ֻӷɽȥ˶û֣еͷƤ飬ͷ鵽˽š
һ仨ʧ˲䣬һԡ
˻㱵ĹУһӰڹС
ûܿΣҲûܿ
Ƕ֪ⲻǵk
ۡǽҪı˵
ͨһϵعȥ
ֱ̧ۣϵİݷȥ
ԵĻĽż⡣
ˣϵͽ
ǰǣ˿Ҳˡ


77 
ֻһڵļӰȴ⹴գһΡ
¿֪ҲĸԸ¹
ӵûģ
Ҷۿºūǳ£ƽ
Ī뵽˵һμݶĸŮΣţƴĸ¹򣬳ͷ°ԼιȥҲϧ
ϿĿ
ѭܵģҰ
Щϣһ޲Ұϣϻø̰࣬
ݶĸŮ𺳣ͬ飬̲ס֡
Щȴöġ
̧˽š
ĶͷڵϣıǼζŸõҶζȴζţϸš
һӰͷƳȫÿһⶼ衣
һĶ
ᣬȴŹ֣ɲ˾˾ã˵ǶԵģȷ
˿ĭɤ˵𾴵ģΰģ϶ϵͽʵūˣҽΪһС
ûлսļ̌ͷֻһҲļſڵϡ
˲֪ãõϵĺˮ䵽Уǵ˭أ
Ǹˣܱȹ²ôһ㣬ȱĹ岻֪˶ٱ˵أƬ½ضģ
һ˸޽˵ͣˣϲҪõıʯװ㣬Ƥë̵أҪ
޲ð֪ݳƷȫȥ
˵һЦ
ЦĶȻһɡǽˡ
Ҳûʲôԣ˷Լȫңĺȥֻܾܵõۣʲôͱ谮ĳ谮̫ˡ
׹ˣ㹻ˣͻ
ӴͲٱϣ½ס
ɽǰѾĥѵ׼¶ֶϽţΪ̷ҲҪȥ
㣬
⻰Ժ˲̧ͷ
ûΪѾվҳȥˡ
Ŀ˲
ҽǸҽ
ҽһֱ۲ţ˵ʱ͵ϵվڲ֣ʱҪԱȥˣʵԼʹݣ֮϶Ҳᱻ㡣
ҪΪʹ
ԭԼǰҶҲû뵽Ļҽ
Ҳ޿޲ɣ˭ܴС
ҽߵҶǰͷ̧ͷȥҶ۵ǰٻ˵Ҳֱƨ
ҪôҪ񣬵Ҳ֪֪ʲôˡ
ҲΪԼϵģϺ˽ģӦܹġ
Ҷ۲֪ҽʲôһ֪Է顣
˶ԺҶڿⷽѾ˲ĵá
ǰͷϲëһͷ׵ͷͺӣĸס˴·ҲʵʵҶ۴ϵƤ·״̬ܿǸˡ
ôҲᳬʮꡣ
Ͼʮʱʵˡ
ϾƽҲʮҡ
Ҷʲô
ҽӲػصء
ҶۣһҪȥ졣
˲侫һһ΢ĵС˵Ҫȥʲô
Ȼֲһ䣺ȥҲȥ
ҶۣҵϲҪū
䵭˵˶ҵū
æ˵ǵģˣǶū
֮⡪ȻūǾͲ÷ֳߵ͹
ΪΨһ߹ֻˡ
һͣһʱ䡣ҶۣҲҪѾסˡ
ؼͷûʲôԣ˵һƥÿﱼܳԲݣһƥĸమˣĸӡһֻСԣֻСͷƹǳ١
ɼûйؿԣkʲô͸ʲô˵ס㲻봩·
ҶۣҪ޽ݣһӣũߡ
ūҪ񡣡
æ˵ʴȿϵĸĸǺҹĻ棬򡭡
ҶľԼƨжʮֺЦ
Щƨ֪ί㣬ĵôֱף˲Ц
һҶ˵Ӧ֪ʲôĳ档
̴ҰԺҲҪΪ쵽
㡣Ҷ۰һֱĲСӸأæҵĽסûȥҶ˵Ҳ飬ǶԸ
סˡ
ȻֻǱ񷨱ɵ
û뵽ȻҲ
ûü˵һ䣬ٱģһǿ
ʶı۾ٴʱѾˡ
ԭվŵĵطʲôûУûֹ֮ǰһжǵ롣
ֻĶҵһʵС
ؾŻ⿴ġ񡱡
ֻÿһëɼ۾צӣצϵС
Ķǲ̵ܵģֻܰѻŵ
ſŵǻ֪ʲôһֱҶ
سǻûæѡԼ·
Լ·ߵǰֱ֣ٽжԷˣɣһŨŨĲһɣѾˡ
żѵ֧ϥվŭؿſصȴҴԷֻסʣҪʲô
ЦЦҪƬأ˵ˣҪū
˲ãʲô˼
΢̧°ͣ㶼˵ūūôӵū
ɫ΢䣬ʲôû˵
һǳΪ񡣡ϵ
أҪ޽ݣҲӺũߣΪþ˲ԼʲôʲôҪôܡ
أʹǲһҲöе⣬ϾҲˣҲΪһʹ㲻ҽҲϵãҲġ
ҲİˣϾûǮȥΪףҪ
˿һۣȻԸǵͷ˵֪
߰ɣɽԿ˵ȥƤֽҳ
ƽū򵥣ֱˣūƽ鷳ˣҪһؽȻ鲻ҪдҪǩ
ôūڻȥд飬ͺ춼дꡣ
˵Ҳӣֻܴſ⼸ƴһƴ

ϷҶһɣڻŸ⡪װŪʱ⣬̫ˣֻҪ̫˶ʶ⣿Դҩˣ
Ͼ񿿵Ķ
췢˿͸˵񻰹£ݵġ
ҶתĹ£ȫûĶ
Ϊλ˲ɱˣøɵĻµkһûٸɣʱͲ˵ˣ鲻õʱҪ˼ضɽҡꡣ
˭˵kkҪץһǧ꣬Ҫһǧĥ
Ҫ˼Ķ˲Լ໹Ҫҷʡôôģôô֣ȻҪĶ˫ַϡ
˽Ǳ衣
Ҷ۵ļƻȸһܲ͵ǰԶԲԶ׷
ȻͶ
ԭҶۻЩģҪһˣϤƬ½Ĺ˼ڿ˼Ϊṩôȥݶˡ
ݶڴṩ̫ôҶϣҲڶݶ
ǺǻǼ飬ҪֻҪҶ۴Ŀġ
صҶ۳˵ҾǸпص˲
üͷֻǸͶߡ
Ҷļ򣺡Ҫ룬ֻҪþˡ
ʮ⣬Ҷ۲һӵûʲô캦£ǲȥˡ
ҪȥһˡͻȻ˵
Ҷۡһ㲻ȥ֧񣿡
Ҷһۣ㲻ϲס񡣡
ҲϲҲû취Ҷ̾ոʵ˵ҪȥľϢĻͷиԱҴ˵ġ
ȻԼǹдھɿǹ˺˵ͬһңô붼ܲˡ
ڰ˸ϳľݣǾ͸ˡ
ǾǰɽԱ㲻ںԷ᲻ɽ·ڵҲ⣬ƽɽҲǵ
˵ͳľݵķ˹ȥ
Ҷæ׷ȥץסֱۣ˵ˡ
ȥҶۣ뵽Ҫڱҿǹ˵˯ĴϣҾ;ȫڡ
Ҷ˵֪Ϊ룬˯úãҾҹȥ˯ø
Ҷ㻨¶ˮСҶ˵
û˵ٻҲǿദôʱ䣬ԾѾǸˣ˲˵Ұϡ
Ҷ۾һ˳ӣʲôֻǲԸ˵
֮ҶһĬܸˡ
ģͲ˵
֮еᣬ϶ʲôͼᶨȥײǽҲͷײͷѪײûҪߡ
Ϊѡ·ԼڵĻᡣ
ҶԸҲϲӵԸˡ
һֱѣԽԽ˳ۣԷϵŵᱻŴȱᱻԣԼˣҲͲҪˡ
Ҷ۴лֱ˵ί
ôġҶק˻ȥöԷʯͷϣԼҲԱһƿˮӹҶ۲˵ǸǱ־ȽϺã˸֮ľһˣͻôߡ
㶣û˵ֻǵͷˮƿ
Ҷû˵ûҪΪסĺõ㣬ͰҺò׸ݸܵûʲôڳԿ࣬Ϊ֮ͷ
֪˼
Ҷ˿Ǿͺá
ҶۿߵЦЦ֪ĻҼð᲻˯ž

ûҲûץ
ūУԭˣֹǲûץǺ˻Ǽ£ϾΧûдׯУҲҽ壬һūǾͻᱻץ
˻ȥҲû򣬾ҲĵĻˡ
ЩӵԶ˵ūûԺһֱںڣû˵ڶѾˣһֲڣϾ˭֪Щū᲻Ұֻĳ
ֻţߺ£Σնһġ
һΪǲķɫӵؿȺūǣкȻӿһɾ޴ıɣҪԼǲͼ
ūûлشҲķǡ
ϾūǵͼģǴûԼ߹
ķūǻŵףףЩūͼǳΪūűģ
ūǲҲһ
뵽һ죬ķھ;ʹࡣ
ūǲںǻԼܷܲ
СԱߵŮū˵˸ոˣ
ŮūҲ˵ͺˣոҲܿˡ
֪˳ʲôһܿ϶Ưˣ
Ҳͷ֪˻á
ūǶΪΪˣǼҲûܷ
ڲݵϣҲøɻûߴǣҲûб޴ǣżҲɫҴңƺʲôҪ죬ūҲ档
Ǻæ
ССĹ¶ū˵Ĵˡ
ūǿ̫ͷʲôʱܳԷʱһʹһƤֽ˹
ֵĶվͰӺܼչƤֽʲôûͣͿʼ֣ϣ
ūһãȻūûֵġ
֣Ϊʱи㡰ܳ衱ĸס
ūֻдţӣǸǸԼҲǻʯͷ
ģϣûеġ
ūǲҷʣ˺üΣʵûˣֻ˵һ֣Ҫֵ˾վ
һΡ
λûվָֻǰһū㣬վڿʼϣ
ūæվ¼ˣͷ϶Ǻˮɫ԰ף˫һֱڴ
ȴûٿǼ֣ˡ
һʮ֣ʮĸŮ
ԺһԸ˵ڿʼݣǿӵԼĲƲ쵽һԸֵأȻص˰ðʱ
ͼ˵Ӧøеˣ졭ˣĳӦԶū
ӶؿūǣЩ޷ЩҰޡȻҪΪһˡ
ȻūȴûлȸԾãĿͣû˵ʲô

û񰡣
ǰûϣʱǰѳΪϣΪΪܻҸ
ڣܵˣֿʼǰδеĿ־
ūֻ֪ôū֪ô
ʱͻȻȺվվͺ֣ҽҪ񣡡
ūʿһ
ˣǵһʶ


78 
Ϊû¶ˮ㹻Ҷ˯һþֻҲ̫࣬ҶѾŲԼϵĻ¶ˮζˣֻɢǹǺǵζԼʧ
żԶ۲ūǡ
ĲͬΪūǻỶȸԾԶֻܿūãȻ޴顣
ĳһ˲䣬ҶΪˡ
ܿˡ
Ϊūԣû뵱ūֻǺ¸ı䡣
һ֣Ǿ뿪ԼϤأΪƬϣ֪Լôȥ
ūҲһҲֻ֪һֻū˵ͨδ֪Ŀʼ
ҶԼոλԾִʱҲÿ־壬Ҳ֪ԼҪʲôÿ춼ľսҲһƹˤֱӴڳ
ǡ
ū˵Ҫӵһȥķ
㹻ʽԴ㣬Ըһǡ
ܳãܳɣҲλź
ӺũߵʱŪҶ۸û·䲻̫ܡ
ϵͳ̳гҶҲῪֻ·
ϵͳڻûЯ𣿡
Ҷͷһ˵ЯߣæʡЯʲô
桰Ϊ˷䣬ϵͳдԪ䣬ֱӷŵԪռ䣬㱾ֻҪЯһӣҼǵͦģһǵһλͽˡ
Ҷգգۡ𣿡
ûסʡϰ壬ûа
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ȥҶۣȥ취Ѷ˹
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ôĻʵۿɲ٣Ҳڵǻǰÿλһȣ̿ʼЩ
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ΪĳЩ£Ⱥãõöࡣ
֮жĥɱ¿Ҳκϧ
Ҷֻϣûпˣȷʵܵμ鳼ְλ

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شûûȹ־ƣԸ¶̬˵ҲƣҶѾȹˡ
˵ڰ֣ʾԼ־ƺȤ
һ񣬿žƺˡ
Ҳƭ㡣ſеĶ࣬ʯУǱ˻ƽһЩЩҲ֪ϲϲоֻоˡ
㿴Щ׸ˡ
ڡеĶӦ׸ˣ
Ҫף㶼ˣеĲƲȻҲڴˣҪҪһ£ԸԸһ¡
仰ͷ˵Ķԡ
ѾԼ׸ˣҲҪˡ
ȣЩʵ̫ۡۡ
ЦݡԺ˻صȥ˵㡣
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ҲЦЦҰĲֹǹĵõ죬Ϊʲôλϵ˲أ
ȥʰɡԵȺһԵĿ˵òֵȥ׸Ķʰᵽɽȥ˻᲻
ͷӦ
㿴˵𣿡ȿߺԴʿء
ء
ʵûΪʹ˵Լûĳ࣬Ǿ̫ˡ
˲ֹһ壬һࡣ̰񻰴ű죬ʱһ࣬ܾһ
ڴǰӲֱӴ˵
˲һ壬ġ
Ҳ
˵ϣҵϡ
ءֻҪԴҳϣһ׵ģ
ͬʱڲݵϵգͷһξƴһȻô¸ܵǰδеҸ
ӽ쿪ʼˣҲţһɻҲñ޴򣬸һˮǸˣ
ôһ㶼ģūСԹšҪôʲôŽ񣿵Ժǵʳ
ĺܺ𣿡
ǵĻô˵Ȼá
ūȴԼ뷨ǵūý˰
ϣǰǼҾΪ˰ųΪūġ
ϣǸˣжԼò˵ÿ˰ܸߣջҪȽ˰˰ʣµʳԣҪ
˰ߣʳϣֻٽ衣
ǻֹǷȥֱū
ūԺ󣬾õƺҲûкܺá
ϾѾעΪūʲô
Ƕ̫ˣ˵Ȼ񣬵Ҳ˵ū
Ȼ˵ūôܻūūֻһˡ
Ժū˲ˡ
ԭ
ǾͺãԺǸɻˡ
֪˻᲻˱޴ǡ
˿ֻҪ㲻˾Ͳͷ㡣
ūǿʼԺԺлɣһǣʳ޴ǣ˯ĵطиݶʱ򲻻ᱻʪǾ̫ˣ
˵ǺڷۡūС˵Ƕ˵ˡ
ūҲ桰Ҽڷˣû۵ˡ
˵Ҳǲһ
²̸ţΪԺǾܹϺӡ
Ȼӻǵū
춼ûɻūǽ컹з𣿡
ȻǶźʳҲֲ˶á
ӦûɣҲЩȷǶˣҲܶ˽
⻰Լôš
Ϊ˵ǵοΪˡ
ҲֻܰοԼūˣǾͶǡ
ҪǻžͺˡȻ˵һֱ뵱񡣡
㶣ܶūû֣С
֪Ĺȥȴǲһ
ĻһΪΪֻţ֪Ϊôȥ
ϣһֱ
ңҵĺӣҺӵĺӾһֱ˵ūˡ
̫ˣ
Ĳֻ࣬ȵֻӡ
ָˣָֻ


79 
ͣ˼죬Ҷۻ⸽ĵͼҲԱ졣
쵼ҲԵһСƬصĻʵۣԼϣȫȨΪƶȷʵƶԲظ˰
ΪǸˡ
ģҶ۶ò˼顣
λǸٹϺˣֻҪ㹻дŹȥ˰գȫΣԹҲûʲôη֮ģռռûꡣ
¾ǹܼңԲвƲҿһֱɵְţˡ
¾ͣһֻһ̫̫æ˵
ҲܲûʲôȨǶصĹȨҲڹܼ֮¡
Ȼǹºͨˣƽū
Ȼ򵥣ȼ
ҶҲԼ˽˿صʲôˣֻһ䣬ؾͺг
ҽȻСʱͯɵҲ޷Ǹҽɹƭ
ŻõĵȻҲǿɹƭһףȷʵ䣬굽ʮͷͺӶԼȾģΨһҽѧġʵѧ
ʵѧǮֻȥƭˡ
ҶԭΪԼ˵ʵΪһ֪вٻӣ˶ӡϻúôšʹȥҡײƭ
˸ú£һֻ㹻ˡ
ؼȻѾ˼ҶҲͲκǣҵˡҪسȥúϢ죬ÿ˵ĴԪӵûн
˻ȥˡkҪȥǡ
̾˿ʴȣͶģĵkڵʱʲôΣա
ʡסʲôΣգסˣֻ˳ſصĻһ˾ʴ֮˶֪
ʲôʱСʡ
ҡҡͷص˲Щ¸ң϶ʲôʱ򡭡죬Ҳʮ󣬿ʮ󡣡
⼸첻֮ӦҲıɣʵ
̷ģȻᣡϵĸôΪżڣʧȥ֮أ
ذˡ
˻ʱ䣬Բˡ
ǸƭӣˣҪڱƭ˷֮ǰܣֻͣһĳͣ޷ƭˣҲһںڵʳ
ֻн˵壬ͣ
˿Ŀ⡣
Ǯϣһΰ˹ȥ
Σڿ˵
ǳòһȻͬһ˫۾һӣɾǲһ
زδþ棬Ͼ˳ò̫ͬһģһǲŻþ档
һ뵽ͺë˵۾˫ڵ۾ȴ̺⣬ʱԼһжΣһУ꣬˿͸ˡ
ɵͷ˵óĻԣʲôûü˼ӹѾѿڶ
ɡ
ҵ롣
ֻ˲ûϵĶ
˵ȴţԺߡ
ϣܳͣΪЧһٴȥԼԤõδ

ȥ·ߣϾѾ߹һˣس̻ѵʱ١
ֻԷ˯ĥĥϲ
ÿҪϲ˵һȻԼȥҸصĳ
ʱҶۻܺѾȫˡ
ϾҲ
Ҷ已̥Ҳ⣬ϾǺȷ¶ľӡ
еʱҶ۲˿Ψһ뷨ǻȥúϴ裬Ȼڴ˯һ
ʱֻȥϪϴϴϴ·Ĳ࣬Ϊ˲ȾҶϴˮá
ߵſ֮ǰóԶ۲һ³ΧĻ
ȷһ糣Ӱ߶Ҷǲ߹ȥ
Ҷ۸ߵſڣԱͿӭ
ˣЦֵ˶˫Ŀ񣬴Ҷȷû˺˵ڻˣ
ݶᡪ˴û˷ֱôù
Ҷۻû˵ͿԱˡ
ǲҿ޳ֻĬĬᡣ
Ҷ̫ˣǻжģǿ񰲸İɣҲ¡
ԱǶ֪·õǷ˵ǣҲҲ˸Ҷ۵˲ģһ£Ҷ۾Ҫˡ
ӹûĸ߶ҶҲˣ˵Ҷǰһ˱סҶ۵һȴûܱҶ۴ȵľڵϿޡ
Ҷۺֿʼ庢ӡ
ˣǸ췢֣пǸҶۺ庢ӵʱ˵Ѿˡ
Ҷ۵ͷҼ˵¡
Ҷ㶣֮ǰÿˡ
мҪ
ҽϢңл˵Ҷ۰һСŮͷʣ벻ǣ
ŮҶ۵ıϻͱ飬Ժ̵ͷǣ
Ҷۣ߰ɣȥǣҪˮǻ޻ǣ
СŮҪ
ҶЦ԰ãһ
⼸ӸҶƨɺͷСˣҲǡ
ĸùʸǻǳԣǰǳģɯǣӳԶỵĸǾͲһˣֻٵĻһ㣬ֵòٸ
Ҷۻ֪һ磬֪ҲֻһЦ֮Ͼ󶼱ǵĸĸˡ
˺ӣҶ۾ֱԡңϴ˰Сʱ裬ϴ֮ǰԼͷ
Ҳ꣬Ǿֻܷ¿Լ
ΧԡľѾ£׼ԡҵ
ͷҪҪҰ㣿Ҷżһ䣬ҴҾһͦ츳ģУ˵ȥꡣ
Լͼ򵥣޼ҲҪʲôɣֻҪɹйľС
Ҳ򵥣Ȱ糤һЩҲޡ
ҶۼǵѾ˵˵˧ΪΪĳ˾͵취÷Լû˧Ҳ˧ķͣﶼ󣬾͸ҲŮˡ
áӦúˬ죬ʲôʱϴǰϴ󣿡
Ҷۣϴ֮ǰɣȥԡҼ鷢һز
һԡңҶۻֻΧԡ߱٣ҲҪ£ȸµͷҪͷʱ򣬾ڽż
ͷܺڣҲܴӲҶͷĲɵ˵ͷãԺ϶ͺ
Ҷۼ󣬡족ͷ

Ҷ͸ӿŵԼԼҡڵ壬̲סЦ˵ҷ㾹Ȼеɰ
ɰ֣ƺȫϹϵ
ȻҶ۾ͿĶ
÷·ҪѪ


80 
ϢĴϣҶ۵һξŵ˴˯ô
ӽʮķ¶ޣҶ۶ڵ㡣
˹ȻҪ˿࣬ʶԼ֮ǰӵЩʲô
ҶԼͶ̥ƺܺãͶطΪһūԼλװŪˣһӹƶûзĻᡣ
ϢһԺҶ۵ڶ𴲣ȳԹ緹Ȼһѧϰһ㲫ٳ迴ԡ
Ҷڡѽ豸һ˺һҵС֡
ĬϽ豸
ϵͳ̳ǣѽ
ˮѽ
Ԫ䣨ѽ
ϵͳѽ
Ҷڵǰʼһɡ⼸ȻСȫ֮ǰΪʲôûзЩĬ豸
ȻЩĬ豸ֻдԪҪʹãԺô
֮ǰҶۻַŽͰȥĶˡ
ǰһڶͻͰʧȻ϶ϵͳģϵͳ¡
ǸϹ𣿡Ҷۿź˵Ļﷴ
һ˼ͰԺ󣬿ʼϸ̽ϵͳ
ϵͳҳɼªΪªһЩǡ˵顱СһֱҶۺˡ
ʼĶЩС֣ԷԼС˳
ҶۻһЩҪϢд˼±ϡ
ڿС֣һ󣬷Ϣҵš
ɡҶ۹˵ԡ
һѾϰ˳ѣ˿࣬ʱôн
ϰ塣Ѳ豭ŵϣûվ˵˵ÿ㡣
ҶۿαϣѨʣҲˣСʱҰɣˣöþ
ЦЦϰˡ
̲ס˵ıںöˣȻȫֱǰ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ۵ͷǺ¡
˵
ʱһֱչ˿ʱˣȻ˸飬Ҳϣ¡
ԼܽΪϰĳãֲҲƲ϶ܸɣϰѡôΪʲôҪѡ
ֻһᣬǿ
Ҷۣ
ĬˣҶЦİɣҪҵԤ룬ҲܳΪԱֻǲܺһߡ
ῴҶۣüȫϲ⡪ϣܸһߣֻϣԺ󣬿Ҳһڷԣܻȥ
أ̫ҵˣԼǡ
йңٲҲᱻŰֻױҲ
ɿҵͬ飬ɵձԶȻı飬ԼһУԸϿ˴ֲڵģϵƣܾȴδϣ
Щ
ģһԸΪɶˡ
ܲ
Ҷۣ
᲻Ц̫˼˵ϰ壬Ҳãôˡ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣˶ͬġ
뿪Ϣңֱȥ˿ھסԱڶӲֿˣ˸Ҹ˽ռ䣬ΪֻһˣԺɯסһ
Ҳ֪ɯݣһʼò˼⣬ڵǾɯΪѪ˳ԵĶͬûʲô
ˣһӭѾˣԭĺ췢һ˿󣬰ݵҲõƤƺҲû֮ǰôɱˡ
һɫ䣬滹дšйꡱĸ֣һɫ̿һ˫Ьüϲá
Դ֮󣬾ͿʼһЩܸɵ£ɨſǰأÿѧŲݶǵɨϵء
֮ϲڵͶԷֲᱻ޴ÿ칤ʱ䶼̶ܹ
ｻѣõµ֧
ˡӵ˱ܹĿ˰ѿͷ
ڸݶһʱ򣬾ͽҶˣһʱ򣬾ͽҶ
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Ҫ㡣ᣬ˵Ҫȥ졣
æ˵ҿԣʲôֻҪҪġ
ЦİɣӦòΣյ¡
ΣҲԣҲΣա
£ôΣأ
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Ҷ۲ڵʱ򣬲ݶøˣˣҲвˣû˱ԹϾԳ˵ĻҲԼ
ֻҪУʲôʽĲںοҲܺóԣкŹǣÿ컻һ㶼塣
ԭĿԲǵķˣѾѧÿӣҶûȤˣ˳Ըõͷʦͨѧͷպǡ
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˵һСʱ󣬷ʹſߵϢǰ
Ҷǽȥ󣬷СԿ˵ԼȥɣģǸˡ
ŵĵͷɹῪźСĵ˽ȥ
Ҷɳϣ߽Ŀǰˡкʮ꣬СʱΪС䣬ˡˡ
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ɣ̫нҶָָԼĵɳ
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ҶҲȰ²豭˵Ӧø˵ˣмҪȥ졣
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Ҷۣȥ̻Щūôƽ񡣡
ҪΪڴʹߡҶۣøá
ɵɵؿҶǰ棬ЩãȻ־ϲãп־壬֯һ˵
ҶۣҪ뿪£
ﵱȻٹһԱڳԱ̫٣ʮҶ¡
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ˣԸ¡
ٲٻĵطүūõĵطҲۻహĵط
ڲ롰ӡˣȻȻΪøãԸ¡
ҶЦȥϢɣ´뿪ʱһ㡣
ҪͶȥŪȨ
ҲҪֱˣȥ䵱Ĵˡ
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ôܸǵ֣ϼ
Щܼϻ
ĳʲߣҶûҵʺͲ֮࣬£ԣԳƣܵ쵱ˣեͣͣҲͦá
Ҫ׸Ķ֮ǰҲԿӣʯ;ƣǴͷƻĶҲУԱӲ͡
Ҷ۾ýӱʯЩӦúֵǮ
ǱʯʱıʯҲûôĥһ˵ġ
ȻҰм䣬ͱֵơ
֮ǰģϵͳǳֵǮıʯҲóλһʡ
ҶϸֳЦݡ
ܶһ˭׹

ݶ׼ͣ˻ˣҪóԼб£Ѳݶ֧ʹݣֽǰæ
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˴뱲ӵͶ񣬲Ͷȫ
Ѫݶ·ɯ
ɯתͷЩˣٷŵвУ
ݶУ
ԴӲݶ֪ɯͲݶ֮󣬾ͰɯԼһŮʲô¶ɯɯСһ㶼ɯѪ
ΪɯʵѪȣݶﻹһȥԡȻܴ򵽵ֻ
ΪвݶͷˣŮҲʼѧϰڴԵĶŮǡ
Ҷ۲ڣҼһֻһŮˣǾֻڳЩӻ
ŮǾãڴ붼ġ
ʹ࣬ЩҲǵȨŮǱ̶ܸɵֻµأҾһЩľ֯
ȴʲôʲô
Ϊ£ûиߵ͹û˸øʲôŮ˸øʲô
ŮǸϧʶԼı󣬱ŬѰı䡣
ݶڲ֪ͳŮǵͷʲôŮǾѧʲô
˻Ҫ𣿡ݶɯ
ɯվڹǰŹѪ飬ͷҪߡ
ݶ´ҪҪһߣ
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ϴûȥɯ˺üڿһ޲ȥҧһڣһѪ¡
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ݶ̾˿ŲԶժ˵Ĳݶ
ʱòݶǸúӣɶ¡
ʱ־òݶ̫ɶ£ûԼ⡣
ֻԼȥΣգɳ


81 
ԪȷʵǸӣԼһA4ļô󣬲ʲôƳɣֲҲôᡣ
Ҷ˺üζ֪ʲôֻΪδʱĳϡ
ϾͨԪռ䣬ȷʵӦͨϡ
Ԫռ޾ģҶ۷Ŷٶװ£ҲҪŽֻҪӴ򿪣ҪŽȥĶڿڴӣӾͻԼߡ
ʱƹΪ˷ա
ֱӷŽȥԲƴ߶ĴС
Ҷ۲ӳͷԼعߣ˹ﳣõĶƳʵ죬۵Լ۱ߡ
Ͼ·гߣ˵Щˣ֮£ֳΪߣʮһ˻ãԭġ
Ӧܶ·ƽɽ»ǵݣֻҪûһֱʹá
άҲ򵥡
ҵʵ̥ϣҲס
˼֮ҶȷԼû©Ϳʼϵͳ̳ǣҪʺڻĽҰʹõܿҵһ
۸ڳԱõĻ󣬰һЯֻA5ôҳôϷһɫťȥͻԼٰһ¾Լ
ܸ߿ƼҶȻۣ۾Ҳգµ嶥
ԺҲõϣ򼸶Ҳ˷ѡ
ɯ߽Ϣҵʱ򣬿ľҶڵǰ°ͷģ
ϢҺܲԼˣɵɳϣҶʣ´ȥ
ҶۣҪϴûҶˡ
ϾɯΨһһˣ˶˳ֻ࣬ɯǱ׼ŷ˳࣬ҳúܿɰ
ɰˣƯñ˽;ġ
ɯ仰ϲ¶ЦֺܿЦݣƱԹ˵ϴ͸ôңʲôãûһ顣
ҶɯԿ䣬еЦֲ
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Ҷû壬Ҫ˵ʲôͿɯվһߵ˵ȥˣ
ҶãȻؿʲôʲôˣΪûȥ棿ҾУ
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˵ɯˣҶ۴ԭλ벻еĹϡ
ɯܻĳȥ֪ڳ뵽
ȻճȥͿڵֻܵûܣֻ֦䵱
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֣ӿȥ£
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ƽĿûװ
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ǵõڵֻ飬ֽŶֵǴϣҲǰˣѪһأôȣôû
ҲˣӱһӣӺһء
ΪѪû壬û˸Ѫȣֽž޷ָڰյĵĻȥֱ֧ŲסɥʧΪֹ
һֱĸ׷ˣ
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ʱʮ꣬Ǹųûκսĺӣûбİ취
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˶һ̨һɫķ£ᣬһ̣˵۾𾪺ۡ
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ĸһӶָӵ͸ǸΪ׵ֻ࣬һֱںڣԼӦһѪĺӡ
ݵУֻܹ˵ͳЦ
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֪Լȫˡ
Ȼʶˣȴ֪Էᱣ
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˵ǰɯӵһߣɯغܿתٴȥ˺ܿѷᣬɯסݣҲûóǹ
ԱǺܿ췢֣ȫûλֻΪڡд衱
ùˣԱǷ׷ȥ˹ӻڳŵ̨ϿǴ
˭Ӯ
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Ҷ۳ʱ򣬿ľһڡĳɯڱݲԱǲ²˭Ӯ
ЩŵҶ۷ˣûкԱһ𣬶վſڿ
óɯ֣ûĳԷ֣ȻˣҶ۾û׼ȥ
ϰ˭ӮƿˮҶ۲ܡ
Ҷ۽ӹ˵ллȻشɯɣϾѪ
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ϰ壬֪֪Ϊʲôʡ
Ҷۣ֪һ㡣
ɯƣϾոɯΪԼϴûһȥ߷߲ƽӣƺǾ
Ҷ߳סɯúýһ¡
ڿǲýˡ
濴ǴӣҶ۾Ͳˣ˫֪˴йԡ
ȭƺ֪ɯı߹ɯѸݣÿصԾ𣬶ֻգ۵Ĺ
ſţҶóֻ¼񣬾֮лϸϸۿܲѧʲô
ѧһʱĲΪûʵս飬Բ֪ԼڱΡ
ϰԲʳȥһ㡣ҲúÿȥЩʳְӣҶһ̨ͷ
棺ҾͲ񶷺ͲúǰɳɳһӣɳᶯҴͲУҴǰɳߣܴһӡ
Ļһȭܴ϶ֵ߹ǰɡЩĽҪı£ҾͲôƴǹˡ
ҶһҲԡ
ʮο˵һΪɯĹϵܲû뵽ǵĹϵôã֪֡
棺
ôǹϵã


82 
ٴ뿪Ҷ۴ɯԶף汻˳
û취ҪһȻµΣյĿԺܵͣҪδȻгڣΣգҲѸٽ̻ᳬԱôǹ
׼ͷҪҪǿǹסˡ
ֻҪû⣬ȥƴ
˱Я˯Ҳһĥ͸ͼ̣ƣг
죬˻ȥ֮ǰû̽ĵط⸽ĵͼ
طֻһ˵أطûԭʼɭ֡
غ֮кܴĿհ׵شûƵĵ·ҵҲܻβЩƷƷͨƽ֮䶼Ҷ˵ʵã
ǵʮƶ񤣬Ҫκʳȥ
˵ݶũûһְҵ
ΪһΨһıˡӡ˵һС
Էʱ򣬿ͶҶ˵Ҽׯ԰ʹ͸Ҹ׵ģʿΪ¹սʹҸһء
ҶЩ棺㸸ׯ԰˭̳Уֵƽ𣿡
ҡͷֻһ̳ˣӦҵĴ硣
Ҷۣأ
ҵĽǿܻ޸ʿߴŴʼױ޸͵ȵĹ壬Һֵᱻȥ̻ᣬ߳ΪʿõĻҲõʹͣӵԼׯ԰
ͷԼׯ԰Լĺƥ
ȻӵһȺΪɻū
ɳΪūԺͲôˡ
ΪʲôūūʲôˣΪʲôЩǹ壬Щū
ּ
Ըūȴڲϵѹեͬ޲óԼ⣬˶Լū
ҶۿſĲܲµʲô
Щ棬һѹȽ׼ˣھͥľı仯
ôҶʿ
㶣ȻʶҪȥʲôĵɴۣ˼󣬿Ͱ͵˵˶Ϊ񡣡
õӦõıֻ꣬ҪǸɻˣܿԼ˫ֻȥ
Ҷҡͷⲻ
С˵ˣ̫ˡ
Ҷֻۣûо飬ҪһطҪǹͷɣ˵ĺöΪ׼
΢죬ף֪򣬿ɹڲϱ仯
Ź򣬹ǵϲö仯ƺڣƺڡ
ȨϲĲǹ
ú룬ҡҶ۶Կ˵
ʤΣҶ۾Ҫһ
Ҫˣֱֱ
ֱҪǲʤΣôթҲǿá
ǰһֱ˼Ҷ۵⣬ԼѾһ㣬־ԼûȫףֲȥҶֻۣܶ˼
ֱɽҶǴɯȥסʯݡ
ɯ֮ǰƵĿƺ˵һǱõġ
һˡ
ȹɯߵʯǰȻľţͷܿ촫˽ŲŵͰľŴһ죬ż򣬿ɯʱһ𾪡
ɯȴֻ˵ҪʲôšǸ
˵ʹҡڵߡ
Ϊ̬̫ȻΪֹ̫ԵͱסˣȻûеһʱȥˣֱɯ߽˳ȣͲæ׷ȥ
ΪɯĴţͲȥֻҵǰǫʣļҵС㣿Ҫ˵ĻҵĴɡ
ɯޱ飺ʹߣȻңҾ
ͣһֱв˵òҪҾõȡ
˵ʱǳŮԵոſûע⣬ʱŷСŮȻȫӣ±䣬·Ȼôӡ
æ˵Եȣȥˣ
ϣ;ͽŲæǰ
ɯվԭأ˫ֻأ̫ͷصš
˴򽻵ͬ໹࣬ͲݶϵãҲΪݶͳĹԱǶչ˹ɯǳ𣬵ҲǶ
ǰһǵá
ɳԺֻصǰ״̬˭˳ۡ
õϢܿСκһԳʹˣ¶ԷƭӣҲҪۿŸ¶ۡ
ڹսǴɯû˵ƶԷ϶ĺӡ
һûȹӣŷ˿ƺͰɫӡ²һ˫СƤЬûΣƺһжȤһ˿
С㣬ɯȴκһ
ĹС㿴Ӹ߰΢̧°ͣڸһУӡ
ɯһ̣˶Էʹݡٱȿصʹݿס
ʹվɯǰ̽Եغ
ɯƳһۣʵǸпصҽأйл˵
Ц£ڲʲôֱӸң
Ѿܹÿش
ɯ˿ͷƤɯ˵ҲУȥ˵ĵط
óǰ·ɯǰߡ
ɯ쵽鷿鷿鲻࣬Ǹְ裬ƤֽɲˣһҪ۱ͬĽӻʶݳ޵ģǻǱ¢ϵģһһ顣
ɯϣȻĳ忨˵ȥҵˮҪչģٸ͹
Ȼٶеѿӷƨɣʵͷ˳ȥ
ֶѾˣ̫࣬ûȥֶӵĺ£ֻ˸ϣ˸ĹûüĸĸȥϢ
ûΪֶӵġ
Ͼֹһֶӣֶû˻һֻҪҵһְλľ͹ˡ
οڹܼҵ廹ֶȡҲҪȵȡ˹ܼҲС
鷿ʱֻʣɯСѯʣʹʲôָʾ𣿡
ɯȴӻ˵

Ȼɯ˵ʵǾò˵ֻЦȷʵãҲС
ɯڰ֣øұԹûйϵӦûʹһЩʲô׸ģ
˵ܸҵأҵвƲҵ
ɯ˸ۣЩ𣿡
֪˵ӵеĶ󡣡
ɯͷԣѰҵһЩĶ
ɯ⸽ֻһ
С˵أȥҲҪʮ졣
ɯʼ磺ھ˳
Щ岻ʱ˵˴ֵǣȻԸʹͣôԼ̣
ҪһݺôҶۻƸ
ɯ˵ЦģֻҪ˵ǣһǰ˵йĺû
еĻᡣ
Ĭˡ
ı˵Ļǰܰס


83 
деͣµ˸ո߹Ⱥɣ̧ͷ㶵ĿЩѾɵյ˺һæǰȺ
ȥô죬ԾʱԼΣΪūˣԼڹǺ͹׷¡
Ȼû˾ˣʶ񼣡
ɫʳȡ֮ﲢûиʵʯҲû޾̨ףǰƷļӣӦоУĶﶼҵ
ƫƫ̷ǶһжӶЩƽľ·ߵʯͷ
ʱԼѾˡ
Ȼʱ»صϤĵطԶԶϤˣʶԼš
鸴ӣʱЩūΪܵʱūҪܣϣץסԴ˻ȡʱͬǣ֪ǲǲܣѾ˵ӡ
ţܻжһϣͲԸȥ
ɶ˵бȻŸҪĶ
ȺıӰĵܳĶܿݵˣЩʹūǣܵõˡ

æָǰ׼õĶٴΰɽʯֵǮĶ˳룬ʯƣֻҪеģȫ˳ȥ
ˣΧдţĶԷ٣ֻ˵Էμᣬûֱ˵
Ļϣ˺ԼһΪס
ֻϣȥܵˡ
˶ˣĻˡ
ֵֻǮ䱦Ūȴ¡
Ƿ׷Ϊıߡ
ˣҪȻǽ裿
͵ͷƣÿŶԷΪףҪһ;һǮô죿
ҪԷĸԸ׳
и⡣ͻȻ˵һ˴͸ҵĶӦܻٶ
˵ؾóҶ۽Ĳ
ѾʶʲٴμͬյСɱסˡ
ĺѾҲ֧롣
ֻȴë˺֣·һͻſ
Щ⣺˴͸ҵģԸ׳ȥΪ˻䱦
ȷʵôģҲΪԼ̵ô
ûǸȦӰֻ񻻳ɱĶ
С
ϾϮ壬ΪΣֵܡǲٵġ
طϵĲҳŲ˵ŵʱӦ񡣡
أǵȻһвĶ
ЩˡϲˣͿ϶ġ
غΪԼĻЦ
ˣһλʹˣ֪𣿡⣬ԸסѾˣܻ
صȻ֪˵ڵ˵ΰôֻһλʹλʹӣ˵֪
ʼԼֻʮܸ꣬СҵĸоȴһӣһλŸ߰ŮʿӦһǳ߹ļͥ
˵ȥʮĿˣû仰˵ڡ
װģ˼һЦ֪谮ʹһҵĹ´ٹһЩϲֱ۾
ݸ߹һҶԣ߹Ů޷Ǿˣ͹
˶Ա˵ûȤһزɣôĿܾǹ
Һҡ˿֪ϲþ̫ˡ
Ҳһϵ˵Ȼ˵ʹҲѣΪѣҵȻҪ֪Ϣ
˻һۣӶԷпĬ
һԵĿЦ
ʱĿػüֵαǸ˶ܿ
˻Ҫ˲Ҫˣ³ֻϣҡ
䱦Ʊɽɲ񱻶һֻҹĻٺȼǣͻŽҹҪ꣬ҹܱƽʱԲ
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ܳԵĶֻвݸƤǻߣֻ̼
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Ǵ򷹵ķûϣһŪǣƽĮĿЩˡ
ϣĴǾ޴ġ
ûϣ˵ʲôʱͻЩūеһԱ
һ죬ҲƻǰЩһʳһϣҲҪƴһлȥ
һֵֻһ׶ӣҲû٣˸ط˯˯˾Ͳöˡ
ɫˣȼ𣬻ɽ£ܱߵľһ͵ٻɫâ
̫ɽһ֣ǳĶ飬˺ū̧һ䱦
ľ䱻򿪣ͷĸɫ䱦ڻԡ
ͷģϤĹâɽ¾ͷǿŴ
ϰԵĹ£ڵϣȴۡ١
عԣ˲ǰƺڵ̶Ҳһˡ
һҶûаκ˽˶ڵأûܿĶʱѴԪŵ˵ϣǰ䱦һ𣬴Ԫһ԰Щߡ
ڱʯҶûãԼ˲ٱʯҪǸλֵǮĶ߻ɽӣϾλ涼Ӳͨ
ԪСƷߺҶ۾Ͱȸ䱦ʯ˳
һ֮ҲŹӡ
ĶǶ붼СԴһС
ôãڿԿʼǮˡ
ù裬Բôʱ̵ݼ


84 
ҹľȼգֻǻ׵ǰ޵ֿ֮
ڿûоȣΪڴ֮ǰѾӿ֪źȻͬףǿģȴŨصľУ߿ֵܳˡ
ϲȱˣ嵱Ҳӣǵ׵õģ׼ģױȾģΨǰ񲻻ᡣ
k߹ңߣkҪͬk
ȴҪkͬҹԡĹԡ
չ񼣺Ѿ׳׸ﾹȻ˲Ϣ䱻ˣûһ졣
ǰáĵطһۣЩƶˣȴһ䱦ʯԣˣһ䡣
ܺãûиϣıʯ
챦ʯӶ࣬ɫʯɫʯҪ΢һЩôΪ׼ıʯãͷһţܿǶϡ
ʱĻ׼ﲻãϡ
ͿزվţȴѵûԿصĵ⣬ϣܰĿŵϣԼϡ
ûеõǹ춯ҲϲʯЩʯһ֣һָһЩȤĶ
˿ûͺá
ͷֺĵ˵õģˣһ쵽Ұ¡
ܿ죬ٴ𣺡Ҿһ࣬Ƭء
ɽµҲ⣬أֻɽϣܽһµׯ
ЦһһȤ
æ˵ҵؾأֻūūôӵأ
Ŀϣһ飬岻Ľֱȫĺë
ܺáĳޣľʯأе˺͹١
ܱޣǲζֽһ
˵ܿȥǣȥΪʹеһԱʱϵĹȲ
ɡƺڳŵk˵
ֱȴϡ
ڹ£ƺƾճ֣һͷĺ췢¶һ͵ɫߣЩͣȴձЩӲļҵĹүǲԸֱ󱳺ú·
òӢϻȸߣȴһֵ··ûӣ˵Ӻ̣ܶǰֵĺɫƣǻƺܴ֣ȴرơ
²ŵҲûЬ
ʶˡ
ʶΪǹ塣
ǹ壬ҲūֻйƽֵȣūǾġ
Ҳĵһۣ֪ԷѾˣһɶ
ôǿ֪ܲڳ˺ձܰձ
˶ֺһƬΨһĹ
һжǻۣȷ
Щã룬ԭô۾ôСô
Ϊʲôǰûз֣
ļޱȸߴˡ
ڿȴԵøСǸСӣûиߴģӴ˸һȭܵ¡
ΰ
ǲдģһֱŵĺڴ˿Ǳ˴һɢ˶
ѡģڴ˵صĹߡҶۿڵϵǣᣬȴɣҪš
ɫһݣ˵˷ģ£ˣԸһ
ζĻӦסĻ
ǵϤĹ⡣
ٴʧڹâ
һΣkһʹ

صɯߵҶЩĵ򿭶ķĿʤΣҲԼ߹ǶľηģϾÿ£ÿȨġ
ֻпɹȨΪƬʵϵ쵼ߣܼչԼļƻ
ƻҪһ
ʤΣҶ۾Ҫʱȥɫһ
ҪΪļƻҶ۾ԼܻܲĵǴ
Ҷ̾˿ϣܳɹɡ
ɯȴ˵ϰ壬СǸֲܿĶܰѸŽΪ˲ȷһܶ
Ҷ룬Ҳǡ
˵ǺǻõԶشǰ
İȹ˲𣿰Լ֮⣬־ʿΪеԸԶȥİϣΪǱͬ־Ƕս
ֻ˷ָֳŵȨԺ󣬻켺ԼΨһ
ҶϣµǺõ翵
ȻµǺߣҲû취ô࣬ȱһ
˵Ƭ½һңȻÿҵ񶼳ͬһϵŷĸвͬҶڵĹңŷľ
ңһŷˮһŷɭŮ
ǲȱŵģһžһţ˵ر߽绮ֵĹң˵ֵĹңǾ޿ܻںϣͬһƬ½ϣҲǲͬˡ
ҶۼٰҲûʲô
ͿˡҶ۶˵￪ֵ꣬λܽݡ
ֵĵ곤ֻܱ˵ȻһʱԾԸϵ
ÿһֵ꣬ҶɡҶ۳Цǣֵ겻ʱĶֻ
ͷܺá
ÿλ涼·ֵ꣬ʱĶΪļӿʱչкܶ
Ҷ룺ô˵ҲеҾʵ𲻴󣬸λĶԵλӰǲɹģ˵ķɴ䵽ڵλ棬ѧǰѷɴ⣬㲻ȫ㶮ҲѸƶʱչ
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ϵͳںλĿƼչֻҪǮ
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˵ĿⶼЩȣҶЩ˼ֵʣô˵ˣ
΢΢ҡͷûУû˵
ɯæ˵ûбϰ˵ĸԵˣ
ԶڲԶɯҶƨΪ˺ȺҲһ䣺ϰ˵ʲôԡ
Ҷ۱Զ׶ЦˣԶ׺˵ʲô˵ԡ
ԶգգۣǶ˵ԣǾͶԡ
ôһҶ۵Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ŷߵĴԪ䣺죬ȷûΣԺٻȥ
֪ôֵǮ
ҪڻҪǼʯݶ£ǲūԼū֪Լǲˡ

ûһϳŵķһ㣬ûϳ֮ڡϾûۿ
ºūǶûϳūǣǳϦദһʱûѾϲˣǿڿʲôǵ˴
ϹϾض˵ʹˣסҾ˸һӣʯңҪʱĻֻȸٽһľݡ
ʮֽŵؽ͵ҪԸ⣬԰ҵø
úܻĵûֻݱˣͺ˶ˡ
ͽ෴ֻо˾޴ĻĵУȻʶ˲Ҫ
ǰҪ
ÿ˶ˣֻһݣݻʹūȴˡ
ˣѧƽ˵ô鷳ҲҪ½סЩµƽҪҿǣｨɵ
һϣ૵ظĻ
ͷϵһ⣬˶һûйֱ𡣡
˵̫ˣ̫ˣ
ʣ˷ݣҪʲô
һۣ˸ô౦ʯҪȥЩȤĶҲǶĿ飬ԼһЩ˻
䷢ģ˰ץȥԨǧĿ
ͷĿбӵĿԶūǡ
֪Լôˡ
˸Ļᣬͱץסᡣ
˶ǲɻȱģľΨһ
Բǲɴ档
˽£һỻˡ
ȻˣҲá
ǹˣǼԭҲٻȥˡ
ܹǵĿϵĸоôʧȥأ


85 
ūæŴԼӣľȻãȻȴҲʵʵİտָʾӡ
Ұ޶࣬ƽʱڵʱҪȼŻѣҪҹ
Ϊ˷ֹūܣϢʱҪСľûлռ䣬˯ȫ£ռޣ˼ˣȫҪš
ãū˵һЩľǼĶ
ҴӲѣ׵ľݣҪĵػôһɻʱʹˡ
ūǴľݣǶо飬ΪԼܳԱ㣬Ȼûһ͵û˼๤ҲȻĴճɵ䡣
ҪǶҹä֢ĨҲҪɡ
ԭĵ˷һ롣
޺õĵڶ죬͵ʮ˸Լһ뿪ɽ
еǡþ
ȺУߵȴֲȥֻαȥ
Եһ񡱷ĲԾ˴ĲСʡôˣʹ˵
Ҳѹ˵ûо죬һˣ
ã˭
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Ҳ֪Ǹܵūˣ˵ʹǸʲôͬĵطԼֻǶǺ췢ˣɺ췢Ƭ½ʮֳʮ췢
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ǾãʹǸˣ򴽣ȵ˵طһҪʹ
Ҳ֪ڿԼ³л˵Ҳ³Ӧϳϣ̹Լݡ
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һ֪֮ǰҲūѱʲôֵ˼
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ŲӣǧصĻƽԶ
֪ǲ뿪ˣֻǲĳط

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Ͳ׷ˣǲȱǮϾһصĲƸҪʲôȥǵ׷ͱϡеĶ
ϡеˣϡеıʯԽϡУԽټԽֵǮ
ıʯǰܵõıʯһ̰ķŽԼ¶Ѿѱʯˡ

ˣҵıܹ
ͷǣˡ
ͻȻ˵˵ʲôģ
ϵ˵ûƶǸĹԵ֮ء
΢΢ͷû˵ʲôߵߡ
ɽϣʹλʹǸ꣬ȴԸɽԸ֣ÿЩūһҲūһɻ̧ľ
벻ףʹûţΪʲôҪֳֺõ¡
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Ȼªūȴܸˣ쳤첲˯ˣȻǺܶ˼һӣٲš
ڸأԭѾĿһ룬˹Ժǵٶȿ˲١
˵ϲĳͷڵظѲʲôò
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˵ǵʳˡ
ľͰūڸɻ˺Էˣ극ǵϴ룬׼ˮ
ڵˮǵķøɾɰʯľ̿ϸɴ˹ҲֱӺȣҪտá
˸ȱȱˮˮ֮ԴˮҲӶķ㣬ڵ˵ģʱˮͷŵණۿֻҪ˵壬ܿͻ
ūǺģǺܶȥ鲻򣬾ôϢĳʱ̣Ҳ֪һˮܾͻҪ˵
Դĵһ쿪ʼͲūٺˮְ˵Щϸ˽ū
ūǰ붮ֻ˵
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ҲԼľ룬ԼģȻأܸˡ
ԴΪūԺӵеĵһԼġƲ
ֵʱԾҺ˫۽ľͰʳõĺ֮ǰͳԹֻҪˣٺ⣬Ŵ
ȻûԣǶԴһǷ͵ġ
һӣȫ
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ϵǶܳԵĶ㣬ǰڼֱܹϵĺӡ
ڳԺ֮ǰ֪ԼжûԹĶˡ
һγԣĸ׷һ䳲ΪԵĶ۷صһǰõôһۡ
Ϊݵÿԭӣ˴һ١
ѾǲĸһԵЩֻ࣬ǵһʱõǶӡ
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ƷһҸζҲǰӡ
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86 
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87 
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ҪǵһУ꣬׸ˣ
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88 
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Ҷ˺ܾã뵽һ⡰ɱɡ
һֻҪɱͿ϶ǰס£ҹ壬ѪУҲŹڸ£ڸõİ취š
İѱ죬ūǱ뿪֮ǰٸһǹըҩӵֻҪԼͲ¡
Ʋ̵õɯһͬ
Զ׿ô赭дľˣͻȻЩ󱳷
ƺʲôرĬɯôͣ뵽ⶼһҶҲһ
ɱ˶ǶԣƺҪԥ
һˣɱ˾ɱˡ
Զ״˸սĬĬһȥΣѾԼܲˣû뵽ʶ
Ҷ취ͷˣˮƿ˿ˮûа
ǸˣҪǸˣǸͨˣ뵽һ㡣
ƫƫǸ⽨б׺ݣΪټڳҶ۵İʯ
Ҷûаԥ
ΪԼġʴȡò׾ūһס
ūǵϣҶ۸Ҫ˼֪ı߸ء
Ҷ˯ǰСǲǱеࣿ
Լãƺòˣֱ֪仯Ǻǻ
ֱڣûоԼʲô
Ҷ۵۾Ȼᣬȴ˵Ǻܶ࣬Լλ棬ܲǺ£ı仯Ǻ¡
Ҷۿͷ˯ɡ
һ죬һ㶼Լ
ǻģûܴͷβһɲ䡣

ڰҹԼ˷䣬⣬ȾҲţߵԺվǰŵζ̫ͷʡʲôҪڽҳ
ڿǰûֺӣǫѷ˵ˣ׼õ𣿡
ͷǵȻ׸ôණô˵߾ߣ
͵ĶˮƯ˱ˡ
ˣʹҵʱһ֪ǸòСŮʹº˵
£²
Ϊ⼸νٶû˵ԵʣѾˣˡ
ʹҲҪ취Ū
ˡ͡һҲûˡ
С˵ֻҪڣķԶѵûз֣˽ٵʱǹǰ棬Ҫס𣿡
Ȼܷ֣ŴǳҲ˵ʲôѵһԹԼ
æȰֻһ
סˡ
ءÿܸ׵˶ڻʣ¶Ƭϵˣ
ǹӦñصǴԶͬħĹƻ˵ѵһֱ󣬳ΪӰ𣿡
û˵
̧ͷ
и߹ʹǣǲ˥ϵĥԶסݻУĽ¡
壬Ѿˡ
ͷ˰׷³ĺҲѾס
˥ϡ
Ѿ⡣


89 
գݶһͰϴ·ӳкųȥſյؼĸѾ·ͱӣݶС쳤ֱ۰·ڿŵĸϡ
ڿյϷܣǵЦƺҪʡ
ݶһ·˴תͷںһϰĲݶ
ݶԽԽˣǲݶﶼܿı²ǿҲÿ춼͵Ҳ͵ţۿɼǿ׳
ԼΪгŮǲŮǿ׳ʲô򲻸
ϵýʵˣ첲Ҳˣ˵ЩһѵûñȣԶվһǾǿ׳ķ
ݶĨ˰ŵĺʮһаľߴˣҲûõĶȥ
źվһԵŮΨһûнѵˣǲԸ⣬ѲԶӤҪһ̷ֱ̣ۣܻǶϲˡ
СӤĸ׻ѵʱࡣ
һޣ޾ܲˣұźӣҲҪѺӱ塣
ĸȫһ
Ů˻̥ʮ£źԼΣʼûʲôоܵڶĶᵽḶ́ºӻûѾԶС˸顣
ˣػ̥ʹ࣬Ժӵĸûе̣ǵִӣ顣
Ҳ˦ְѺӽҴɺһޣʲôˡ
ֻһ඼ĺӣڿŻǲһӤֻ֪Ժ˯ÿ첻ǿ޾˯дĸĳܲˡ
ܲʮӤɣ
ǳòУҵѵˣɷһߣһݵ˵Ҫȥ˵һȻȥܵõ椴С
ҹ˿ˮҲЩȥˣԺܲ
ĻɲϵģȻȺͣҲ֪һֱǣרȥǡ
޿˯Լĺӣ޿κε˵ԺԶǸӤͲ뿴ˣ
Ĩ˰У˻ȥ˵
УôãѾǴˡȰɷ򣬡˲̰ģ̰ģӾͻ࣬ǻȥǵǣãǲǵãҲĻϡ
̾Ϣ
˵ǣϾ˵ĺӶˣСĶ꣬ͣһزҲ£ķãСʱڳԿ࣬ò׹°ӣż
ߣǰȵģȻطڱ䣬ֶʶˣʵûʲôµġ
ǵ˼죬˻ԺҾ˹ȥ
˵ʱҺ˵Ĵ˵Ӧ౨Ϊ˸ɻοֲ࣬ȾӪԼҵͷɵö࣬ȴҪΪԼ˽뿪
ôһ룬Ҿ޵ݣ˵һ룬޷͵
޵ñһʮ̭
Ҷ۵û̫оҲҵ֡һӤȷʵɣӤԶӤǾ͸ˣοĶԸĸϣԶӤ
ҿ޹ˣ侲ˣҶ۲˵ûشǴ졣
Ҳ̧ͷغһүҸͷˣ
ѾܾûүĸֵҶֱ⧲һ顣
ΪĻ죬ǽ˵ʱʵûʲôо߳ܡ
үĸɱ̫һΣһΣεüֱܿٳһ
մϻȥһûʲô⣬һʡ
Ҷۣڴ
ڳпԿֵ꣬ǿͺܺãˣ޵ƷҶҲģοһǹܺȴɺǰȫܵõ֤
ֿһͷĵޱȳģͷףվʱѪ
ذҲвѪҺ
ܿĵ㹻ݣԼİˡ
үûԸŮȥҸɣ
ٴᣬûбҶ۸õˣԸΪүͿأ̫ᣬЩò֡
Ҷ֮ǰȥҽңͷϵ˴һ¡
ûܾǵϰߣȻǿҪ£һԱѾѧþϹ¹򣬿ʱǻǻʶĹ¿ͷ
֤ǵĳĺ͸ж֮顣
ʱɫɣҶֻô롣
ƲҪ꣬ǻǸĲ
λתƵǲҪʲô׼ϾǵĶڳһתƣΨһҪʰĶ
ڵõ֪ͨԺԱǿʼԼڳĶ׼˴֧
ǶҲ࣬ҲһЩ·Ϊƴ¹ֱӰ¹ᵽֿٰ洲С
ҲеؼԼͬǣʱ䲻ûôҲֻ룬û˵ֲܻȥĺͬдأԭλݼ١
ҲΪǩ˺ͬȥҲܸκ͸¶йλԾϸڡ
ʲôģЩ棬Ȼ֪ݶǶǡˡǳ˵Լ⣬طʵ𲻴
ݶһʰһ˵ߵʱֵʱ򣡱߶ˣ˵ϷãҲûȥϱߡ
˵ӲӼƶݶʵʵ˵ء
ûʱˣֵŮ޲ֵһݶƲƲ죬޾ͽﵱūŮ޵ȥͶˡ
ݶüͽﻹãʹѾͷջҲãͽHطǾˡ
᣺ǰ£ĶǴҹ㡣
ݶ£ҹмЩ̫̫СǶլأҲǹжá
ֻ඼ͬˡݶ̾˿Ҿ֪ϵĴС㣬ةҵĹة͸Ϸ嵱檡
ݶǰĽʲôãпڷԣԼɻź򣬱ȵũӶǿ
˻һͼһԺȲ
ũŮȥ˼ҵ檣Ƕء
ԼܸɻǮ˵ôˣȻҲƷζ˼ҵĲס
˵ұ͵Ǽңûѡǵӻǵ檣ɲԼ
ݶ̾˿˵ʶأдʫ
ǵӣҲһúãһˣûи飬ֻںԺ̸ʲô벻ãǲõġ
ȢӲģȥͷѰ֣ǮҼ֪
ŮǼ޵ɷ򲻳ģǱֻụ̹̋һӣøţеԲˡ
ͷŴ
ݶ˵ΪʲôΪӣŮǸ׵ĲƲĵģǱܺùһЩûĵģһӳԲĿࡣ
Щ̫̫Сѵǲͬ𣿶һҲԼĿ࣬˵ˣ˵ˣҪЦѰաݶҲûģǽһȥǲԸȥġ
Ҽȵˣ㲻ȥٵţݶ˵ԿҲ£ˡ
ҾҲҪߡ
ῴŲݶᶨ飬ΪʲôҶûжЩԱգûϿĹǣЩԱôãɶҶĹԭˡ
˶еģҶԼܻʲôΪ˹ͬ棬ֻҶԽԽģΪصҪʳʵϦûϣԼӡ
ǰһУȻ֪Լʧȥʲô
ˣͲԸʧȥ
˵ʱ򣬹㲥ﴫ˵
ݶҲ֪ԭ⴫й㲥Щ˷ܵץס˷֡
ڹ㲥˵ϾȥˣҪܡ
Ա̺ˣˣˣ
Ҷ۴ӹ㲥ҳԱǵĻϢңλԾİť
ǵһԾˣķ羰ô仯˶پ֡

յա
ϣ紵ģ졣
һȥյɬһ룬ϣǼ޾ͷĳ䣬;ͻȻսͣ·С
Դ׵Ҳͣ࣬Сʣˣôˣ˴кβԣ
ȿ֣򴽣̾ûʲô
Ѿ鲼·޶裬ǵԼֳһͣĸϵʱһߵףΪԼټˡ
ȻȻѵȥСǰʱŷǿѾֵһ֡
ųеĵطðʮŲ·һֱǣδƶ
ʱ׾Թ϶ֱգȥĶҲΪŶϿһΡ
ȥҴңֻзһŲ¡
ÿ;̲ספ㣬ÿ̲סȥÿζʧ顣
򴽣ջûס˵У
˸ҪͿѾС·
޷ֻܶԼױ˵ǣ
ȥ
С·ͷ㷭ǣǣǰߣ·ʵû߹飬ѾԺУ±۾Ҳߴ·
ˣ˸ʱ򣬿ľǣŢС·ϣմҲں
תͷˣЦЦˣһͬȥɡ
˲ʵ;˴Ҫʲô
ЦЦǱ
һİ૵
ܵԼȥٴν
ֻȥˣܰġ
ףֻΪʲôܶ˵ĲǵýӲܺá
ʱףڣҲ㲻ˡ
ʱչüѣضлȥİսҸͶ
ֻûֵصũˣôо̣ݾҪô͢аҪôδƾڶ
ɵˣʹĻʵ۳һ裬عԱٽԼʵۡ
󽫾̫ϻʣԱÿȥТ͸ʵ۵Ļࡣ
Ƚָλӣµİ̫ء
˵ЦΪԼҪһɼͨƾٲΧۣôҲû뵽󽫾񣬾͵õһֽ飬һô׾ٵĳس
ܶԴ󽫾ԣһСǵ̫أֻҪλгã㲻ʲô¡
ȵȲġ
ũǶ֣ǲûиҲ俴źɵĺӻƼݣֻǶˡ
ûа취ϲԣټһ档
˲ͨû֪£Ը֣˵ҲԸٸָһ·
вֻ
˸ֻԼλϷ֡ˣÿ;Ҫһء
Ҳ˵Ϸ壬ֲǻˣȿǸƢִֻ֣Ҫ⣬ʮƥ
ˣҲһˡ
ԭ˷˵ǲɣ֪Ķ˷˺Լۡ͢һĳȻҪ˷ˣ͢Ȼͬˣ
ֻԼùֵĶãһ״Ԫ˵״ԪֵǮôͷֵ˰ǣ
˲֪˶ãȫѾʪ˿Ȳп࣬ԼҲŲС
һôԣȴͻȻͣ˽Ųüƺڿ־ʲô
Сʣˣ
촽߰ɡ
¡
ιȥʮ
һƬ·ĲݴԣȵĽŲȵƽϣյЩ㱣ĿǰʱֻͷĿѣ
һĻ
Ƿһǰδ˿仯еӡ
ŽţѾ͸ǵſڵĻܣɰĿƷɾ
ȵ˫΢΢
Ȼȥôãͷһؾôȡ
ɹû̡
Ҳǰľ󾪴ˣĵɴ۾촽µʵ⡢ʲô
Ȼһ壬·һʯͿյӣδţδ
˾ȳϥվڲ޷ӵĿϲгУ˾
˾ôĿͯײײسгеĽȥ
㱻ʯͷˣҲѸǰܡ
ˣ
Ⱥˣ
ΪԼ죬ȴ֪Ӭ
˵˳е̨ϣʹ˼ҹĵطΨһϣȲȲˣ
ֻˣָֻˡ
ϵ˶ǾҷֻԼٺ»ֻ·ТŮİգǵȥľⷹˣж
ҳ⸱ģ
һȴŻ򿪡
̧ͷһϤ
ݶŮǱһͰͰûɹɵ߳¸ټɹ
Բݶ˵ϴμȻǼǰ£ȻԷ˺ӣϳ
Ѿǰ־£ֵʵôˣƽʮꡣ
ſ죬¶һЦǿ޵ı飺ãƽףϴжʮˡ
ݶһ㶡
ȻԼһˣŲݶ
øˣüηʣڻ
ֻ
һꡣ


90 
˷ǣҶۿȵʱֻðĸ֡
ˡָòʣûʱڵãҲͬʧȥһѵĺˣнӣ˶ÿ

ҶݾߵʱӳģҲη
Ǽ֤СǸɷ
Ҷһ裬λ棬ĻȻپóأ˵˵žȣƽ˵ѾõĶͲپˡ
ֹסᣬ̧ͷĿãȻǻصʱ
ҶۣжɹιƶѾˣȻʲôã
ȳճյʣ˵ĳ
ͷȴδۻλϵ˭ΪΪ˳ӦΪңΪңȰգ뵱һҳӣʷǧ
뵱ҳȴ˵ؾˡ
ȵӣҶҲе㲻ģǼ˵ĳȻ˵꣬ĸܻꣿʢʱԸˡ
кβͬϲҲͬ
ȹڵϣʧȥһƨԼϣ˫ضŵذ塣
ҶۣҲҪʲôգǸ߾õĻ׹ݣֻഫĸŹ壿ȵľ˭
˻һȷ·ڶϷ죬仰һ磬ɢһУ˵ǡ
ķڵأһ䣬һȣʹ
㿴˵ףҪȵҲҶۣҪȵ׵ȨղǸˣ벻͸һ㣬˭ҲȲˡ
ΪӵܣȰѲ˽׼µӡҪȴӵܵҪٵҪ׼Ĳֹ׼ˡ
׼ڵ
ҶۣҰﲻ㡣
ǡĳΪǣһҶĿ̧ͷۺᣬȴøᶨƺֻص˫֮С
ҶԸ˵ȥˡ

ͬ˵ݶݸһ裬˲ҽУȽȥҲֻվſڣǲݶ￴нĿˣŽС
ҲҶˣвԣֱӰǹҪԷĻᡣ
ľľĽݶĲ裬ֽûһӱڰݣǾȻûѣĲˮҲδ
￪ʼһֱ𺳺֮䷴
﾿˶ֶѨ
ǰƺͰϸȷʵ
Ƚд˸ãСʣɹã˴ǣ
ݶɹá֣˸˳ۣҲЦ⣺˵˶
ɳϣȫþֻʮȴֲȥиֹȴֲĲˮɢ˵СģҼҴˡǾʶ
ݶ룬˵Ҳȷʵоɣʱִ˻ɡ
̾Ϣѹȥʮˡ
Լ죬£ٻ䣬ʮָܾǻһգϵһɡ
ȻʱٲôǺϣ
ݶƬ̣ʣ֪׳ʿγƺ
ˣԣ
ԼĹְ˶ְӦǲֵһġ
Ƴ򡰶һжУЩŵĻܣδδ֮ͷĹⲻ𣬱
ֻˡûŮͯӣǸû
ĵʣֲʣֻԭλӶͷһ飬ȴҲһͷ
ݶͻȻ˵ӲؿˣҵȷʵǷˣ˴ȣǰǧС硣
һ૵ǧ硭
ݶͷӸǷ񼢶ҪҪԵ㶫
æ֣һθڶޣزأĳǶ
ǲݶݶʹ˸ɫˣԼϢſںš
ݶͷѵؿڣȻٲûиı䣬Ϊʴ䣬ӲƤҲ࣬Ȼ˻ʮǧѾˡ
ݶĿбӣ֪Լ࣬׼ޱտ
Щֻܸ߽ˡ
ɯӵһһ߽һǰߣʱҲûͣ½ǶȣֻЩȣôˣ
Աߵ˵ֹˡ
ɯתһȦֹλǵˡ
İûɯļΪ̫࣬ʶͻǲҪˡ
ɯǵͷһʲô֪ӣ
ڿɯһ̲ɳϵǿûʧ̬ȴȻ󲨣𷢺ۣ֮У𷢳ĺͫףټʶ˶δ
׳ʿĪšݶŵòᣬԼıտС˵˱˵㻯֣δ񣬲ˡ
֣εѣǿЦЦֲá뷲ơ
ݶͬĿһۡ
һ ɯʱ򣬻Űѵвɯ
֪Ķĵӣ֮ɯˣֻлĲɱ֮
ϢҶۿɳϣĿ˵
֪˻ǲǵԶˡȺҶ˵ˡˡǻصϷûٿھ֣أҲʳǡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷûκδǺܺá
˵˷˷ˣ˵ǻƷˣ˴Ϊ־ɣǽҸͶ컻ա
־Ҷ룬ˣ
һ˵֪־ȷʵˣСʣ˹е֮
Ҷ۸û־ͼǵ֣ǵöԷԼ
šԷʱĶҲ٣ǽȼü֮
Ҷ۵ļֻһ֣Ҷ˵ѣֻʩԮ֣δۼ
ȴڱʢԽ˱ͥͼΡ
ҶЦЦû뵽ʱˣȻгư֮ģߵز
ҽǰΪ˽ͥʱԼĲԡ
Ͼ𢣬Ϊ𢣬ȻҪͼ񣬿ǰ˵˵ĳȻ˷ڣ
һʵۣѵ
ҶۣȻˣȥɡ
ȣΪĳӦ˷ˣ
Ҷɱۣ˫ȥ°չΡ
аֱ浹Ҳ򵥣չúãչòãǱа
죬ٴιݣͷأлָ㡣
ȲǸ׳־ˣ̫࣬޷ҸͶҲ޷ͽ׼⣬һҶۣһž֮ģȴûʯĳ
ȲƱ岻Ʋƣ鲻£ƲΪ١
ЩõƷ£ڲͬλϻɲͬĺ
Ѷϵˣȵ˭أ
ǰҶ۲ٿȣȻܿԷƶˡ
ҶûڳϢòݶ뿪Ͼʶһвݶ׼ЩʳƷ
ʱҶۣϲ·ѵΪ˸ĳ֮£
ҶҡͷҲĳȻ·ҲȻȻ
Ȱݣ뿪

ȴϢҳζӳ£ȻճžͿɳϵﻹһ͸Ĳ裬ľȻĿŻܡ
֡ǧ˼Цų߹ȥ
ŵСʣɡ˿ڴ˼䣿󡢴ˣǷҪȥݼ
΢΢ҡͷҲأ˲˵Ҫ㣬Ǳǲ
ʧ
СʣЩϵĶ
Цִ䣬пɻ֮ԻĶ
ʰƽϡ
ɴ˫ۣͻȻ棿
ѯվһԵĲݶ
ݶͷֹ˵ǡ
ǣԻϵĶвݶϸϸΪƷ;
ǵȣõģǱáݶȥԱߴȡ
ŲתҶƬһ˷ܵͨ죺ﾹת
ݶ͵׳ʿҪȥҲòˡ
㶣ѯʵΪ֮Ϊã
ݶҲֻԵȣȻ͡
˼һ´Ǻ˵ˮȻ֮ǰΪãȻԣֻҪýࡣ
ԺΪý˿÷񣿡
᣺˿ã
ϸϸ˵ʹԭһãȻֻʮ
ʵ
ǸõӦ
ҲǱȶԵȤû취ֻܿСá
ʵû̫ļʱ˵ѣǾܿ˷ģỹͼֽǡ
Ƚӹʱԥʵ֪Ժδ
ʵǷʵڲŮӡ
룺󣬻ǧҲ
Ⱥŵؿŷᣬݶ̲סˣ˵ǧеˣڵĵطв¥·еĵƣĳţȥֻҪţԶ
һ˵ֱ꣬ս͡
Ц˵һ
촽䶯Ͱ͵˵ǡǡ
᣺ûлʵۣҲûй壬ûҡ
Ȳʣ˭ң
᣺ȻǹԱǿģҲϮ쵼ҲͨͶƱģҪһ졣
ȺˣôҲ벻Ȼˡ
֣ᷴʵֻһˣӢֻӢһʱ䣬Լܱ֤ôܱ֤
һҵ˽һˣⲻ𣿡ᡣ
ȿЦ
۾飬ҲӣӦҲӢġ
᣺֮ôģѵʵ۴ñӣ
Ⱥɫˡ
ῴɫԣûټ˵ȥ
йظʵ۴ñ⣬ǲҪټ˵ȥˡ
󻻵ĶһЩС⣬Ϊֻƥ֮Ҫ˷ˣʵû취ߴĶ
ӹݹĶһһöָ
Щʵûʲô
ɨǹɨ۸Ц㹻ˣ㻹һЩ
æ˵Ȼ㹻²̰ġ
ᷴȰ´֪ʲôʱˣǼʮҲǰ󡣡
ȣ̾ϴˣжʮأòδġ
˿ĭܿ뵽Լĸĸ檣ԼĺӣʵڲţûһҸףܻ
ϲջʵ̫ǿԼȥ롣
˸ƤװС⡣
ԶֵͲͶͯԽôʣµһЩ͹ƷЩ
һƤװ
Ҳó˸ԶĵǶû
ԭҶȴһߣתһ룬ȥ˷˵·ϣô߿϶ͻҷŸӤʵڲʺϸһ·
Ȼس̣Ҳ̫ף˭֪ǽ˷Ҫ˶á
Ẉ̂򼸸£ʮ궼УֻҪ߶вͿܳʱĽȥʵǳ⣬սپǳ˵Ρ
Ҷֻܰҷ޽£ȸߣȶˣ֮
ҷ޻һۣЩò⡣
ǴһӣԸǮһ׳ˣҪס¡
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Ҷ룬ϾԱΪôãϣǱȥգǺ¡
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ʱ˵´ʱ򣬴Ѿعƽ
ҷ˿úӳ󣬿ûŲúٵµӤҲʲô¡
Ҷۿı飬֪Լû
ֻϣȲҪڽ˷;УΪұݻҶҲֵ̫꣬ûȨ󱣻ٶǹҲûá

뿪еȺǣƤϣһ·û˵ֱ»ص·ϣȷƤǰ
̲סʣִˣΪ˵Ǽ٣
ЦЦȻģαرϹƭǣ
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ֻ˵ˣδ˵ЩҲ֪ǰ£Ӳף
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ͷǰƤһҲӿٶȡ
ϣתͷеķһۡ
˶ʮټˡ
֪´ټʲôʱ
ʱѾӡ
ഺפ䡣


91 
ѵûһ˴Ҷ۲ûдԼĿ꣬ҷû
һʱҲˡ
ϵĴҪأȻջ񣬵ҶۻǾðһˡ
µǱ˻ֵʮ򣬵Ҷ̫࣬ǧҲǺ⡣
뵱ȵ·ˡҶ۴Ц˵ʮ򶼲Ʈˣˡ
ҶԸҶһ㶣΢΢ü䣺·
ҶûɫЦʱ㲻֪ϵĶֵǮֱҵۣǸλĸ߶ˡ
ҹϵĴһʱ޼ۣΪûĸҹӻԼ·ȥ䵱ǼˣձҲ䵱·
Ҷۣһҹӵ·ôֵǮ˵Ҫϻʵۣ۰ˣǲǸֵǮ˵һ۾ֵǧ򣬿ܻڡ
ҶۿɳΣ϶ܽʲô¶
ʵ˷֣ҾܽһȽϸԣĵطܸáҶ̾˿ÿλԾ㶼̣ء
ҲΪأ䵽̵ĵطǾûˡ
صʿҲỮһΧᳬΧѰ
ҶۣҲ֪˵ϵͳԻǲԻ
еġ
Ҷ۲ԣʲô
õĲƵҶֱߣ֮Ӧûήڸԣĵط
Ҷ۶һڣ佱ÿθҵ裬¶ȶպãԼ;̵졣
ɫʣԺͶҸݲ裿
òáҶæ֣Ҿ͸㷢һݹʣôݹ
򴽣ǮС¡
ҶۣȻѣ»Ҫ
ҶļɳҪ֪ͨԱǻصǵˡ
򿪵ԣȿȶ½ʱ㣬תƵʱûеʱ䣬Բһ¾͵˶ʮ
ϵͳʱϸʱغ㶨ɣԾȥʱ㡣
Ҳȥֹʱ֮ǰ
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ͻʱۡ
ϵͳ⣬ԾʹӸԴ϶žˡ
´ҶҲֻԾʱԺ
Ҷ۲ʲô⣬Ͼֲһλ
ڴֵļƻֻӺˡ
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ܸľṩĩѵõƷܴ칤λ
Ǵˣʹ˴򽻵׶ˣõĶԷĿ⡣
Ҷ֪ͨԱͰԾȶ½½ȥһأѾȶ½ĵ곤Ҳ
¸һӾͲ˿ڶ࣬³¸۲ģһֻø¸һ˷ʣɵöö࣬ӳ¸ݲ٣Լǿǵͷߣ±鷳
Ҳе̰ģûеĵز
Ҷûе½񱣬ΪһҪȱ
ȱʥˡ
Լ˲ǿ
ֻдûˡ
Ծʱǡ뿪һܺ
ȶ½ĿѾˣ½λٳûгҶֻȰȫĶڽϡ
ѡķֵ곤ǣǸūǸūûкϷݡ
һݣҶߺһǷԼ̲ô˵ǻ᲻Ϸֵ⡣
ҶۿɲϣԼ򹤵
һݿԺܺõıɱףôƺȴ鷳Ҷ۲Ű񽻸أһеռĿÿõݵλ
ڿһ֤˿ݣҶҲ
ֻпˣȫĺӶ̳࣬оλҲҪһʱ䣬ʱʯ㹻Լĵλˡ

ҶҲûа취·̺ˣҶ۾ֻףˡ

ɢŹâǹ˸ԾزڹսǴĺڰУĶľţС̽ĶЩ΢©Ĳϣյø
ҹͿԼõĶʱ䡣
ѶȡĶҺŽպȥ
Լľ˾ˣзҲ̫
Ϳ̸סڻ¶Ƶӡ
ںֻںԼǷϡ
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֪⻰ŵɱѾ˲Լľƣͨ˵´͵þơ˾ˣһûм¡
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꣬ͰѾƱ͵ߣһ
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Ϻװţ˫ԼĶӣ촽һһϣѵغˡ˾ˡ
ߵԶ£Լʵ벻Լóʲôˡ
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йʵҲûٹļ䣬ϴμƺʱ
飬ҲΪûԹ
ʶʲôþȫش󺰣Ⱦҡ
Ѿˣöû취ˡ
Ƕ֧ˡ
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ҲĿ
ֱϾҪŵʱ򣬿ýŲסĺ󱳡
ľȫڽ£ûжֻɳƵɤʣΪΪʲô
΢΢˵˾˵һôǮѵΪһǰͷ𣿡
۾ɴͫ׿ʼɢ
û֪һ̣ûԼΪʲô
վֱͷʬ壬һ˲ЩڣܿͰѺڵԺ
ҪҪһ۵ģƲǴۣҲǴۡ
š
վĿس¶һЦݣǹ˵ˡ
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΢΢ҡͷжһ˷֣϶׷ϣûкӣûм̳ˣػᱻߡ
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С˵ֻ˽ӣûа˽¹Ҳ֪Ķ
˽Ӳܼ̳оλԸѺ£Ϊ̫ûͻȥң򣬲ܻ
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æ˵֪Ҹ˵ʲô
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űԼݸߵÿƷһ˿صĿ.
Ҹ߹ôڻţˣԼ˵
ûٿ䣬ա
û
Ӧÿɣ
΢Цųߡ

ڴӿصõϢʱûиеһ˿𾪣ƽصͷ˵˻֪ҳϡ
ڿǰǴŵģЦ˵ֻҪǵþˡ
ũЩؽˮġǣЩʣҪһֱչЩū𣿡
ĻѾūˡ
æ˵ǣˣ񡣡
˵˽ҵֻĺãȥ
ǿԼ˵ʹǻϵģҲһʼϣǻ֡
ɱΪѵɱ
һ㶣𣿡
ȻᣬǻŵʱܣŹܡ
룬̾˿ŵʱûϣˡ
תһ룬ʮʱѣʮķ׻Ǻܻġ
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ûһʧȥԾκ˲в
żῴ˱׵ĸɻƾǱ˽½ѵˡ
뵽ϲشһ˿Ц
һʱ䣬壬һɻūǺûʲôֻ֪Ժ˯Լ޴Ÿɻ
ڻ˸ջڿЩʵᡣ
ֻǡǰĻûܱÿɰ
ˣ˷ֿڿǣֱ忭˻֡
ЦЦúøɻ
˯ľݣƽʱ˸ɻѼǵ˵񡪡ǹ߲㣬ֻľͷ̣ʯͷǲеġ
ľͷȻʯͷ֮򵽿ԵʯͷĹߡ
ƽмҲйǶǷ֮ūȻûû䣬ϸϸĸ߶Է˳ʲô
Էľ̿鹴գȻһģһҲ߷񣬿߷Ҳˡ
ϾܻʮĹӦöǡ
Ҫʲô
һ޷ı磬޷ūɣ
룬һӡ
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ǿӣѡѡһƬء
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Ĳֻ࣬һˣһ˫֣Ҳֻһ¡˽á
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Ϊ뿪еǿңҶۻǴɯԶס
ԶҽźãʲôҲܵһʱΡ
ûֱȥҿɯʯȥҿء
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ȥʱÿŵˣƵĳԷЦЦ
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ǿԺ˵һߣ߹¶
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űƿһ˲͸һվ
ûɯ֪ɯһȿѲȥͲǺúŪˡ
ʹˡرϹϾľһ
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æ˵Ѿȥˣǿ֡
ҩҸġ
ɯͷʲôʱŪã
أ⼸죬⼸졣
ɯƤֽʲôʱߣ
С˵ŲˣòŪ׼ˣǹóĶ϶࡭
ɯ˿һۣʺͫ׸ˣɯ촽ȿʵûˣˣͻᱻ֡
֮ú鷳˿ûʱ䴦ô鷳ɯָ棬Ҫ취ȰȥԼ
ЩҵĶҩûһԵôòŷ
ɯ˸ۣ¡
˵꣬ɯ˸أæҵĽסûͷĶʲôɯ˵Ҫף˿ʲô
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ɯЦѾİٶˡ
ꣿ
ͫ΢Ĵ˴
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92 
ϣɻˣˣһֲĵ˳廹ͷɻ˺
ϣ㶣ӦʶںԼˮͰӭ⿴ȥԷȴ¶Цݣˣ
һ뿪أǰʳá
ʳúܼªֻһӣʮûôϸĥľʡ
ϾеͷõĳԷʱͷһʺ
ϣԱߵһľ룬Ŷȥ򷹡
Ѿϰڵ޷ǰôģֻϲı޺ۻ˵
˽ǰС˵˺˵ˡ
Χɧţǻûаء
ǣȴܻرk
ֻԸ˵ū
ϣҲ˵Ҫͺˡ
ǰתͷһۣڿһɵӣԷƲƲ죺ʲôûУѵҲҪסľ𣿡
Ӧø˽һҪõʯϡ
̫ˣ޺϶ǺüԺˡ
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ϣûټۣǲµģȻƽˣеһж˸ģ׸˵ĶԼֻǵˡ
ǰŲֵܿϣǵʳ˱һЩҰˣϸһͣȻֻ⣬ŵ㣬ƷζѾݳ޵ˡ
ļڻɱǳԵɽġ
ΪòãЩʵôʣһʮϡϣȫζû˱ԹΪúȵ
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ͽһãŮū˵ܲɻˣû˯һûгԹһٱڸɻҲ˺ۡ
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ǽдֵʱ򲢲ֻᷢǳЦһЦ
ڿԸסɽҲԸɽסʯݣ˼֮󣬿ʼʯƷɽȥ
סϵƽǺܿ췢֣ǵӺù࣬ٶù˰ҲԼŮ󲻱Ϊū
ƽҲ˵й񻰣ѸٵؽԼΪʵ
ЩƽܵɽϣϣҲɽϿġ
Ƕԡ桱еģҪ˵ʲôһ´ȥԼ˽°˽ˡ
ʲôܰ˶Žô˹ͬĵˣֻʣ¹ͬ
Ҷ׼ǿֵ̻һδ̻ε̻˶ʮ෢ֻشչٷŻĴ̻
ŵʱܹҹĻ
һ̣ҶۿɽС·ƬϵƽǣûʲôƲÿ˵ǰ׸ġ
չޣľƵĹƷǻ߲ϡ
Щ˵ĲƲϵ׸
ҶûȺпأҲûпغͿʲôȥˡ
ζӳ£ûֱضԿʲôûȷĸκ˵йؿֻ˵һģġʵԺûˡ
ҶۿվһԵɯ
ɯҶڿԼ¶һЦݡ
ҶƻĿ⡣
İ׹УҶۻߵƽΪ̨ϣľƵ̨ϰ˸ɫ䣬⸽ĻԻƽ޶ͺˣҶŵľͻ㡣
ССɽƽϣģƼݵƽǣǵĶͷŵ棬ιǹ͹𣬼ҪĴֲ·
Ҷ۰һһڴġᡱЦݡ
˵ͷ̧
ƽʶ̧ͷ
̧ͷһ̡
ֵǿһŻǲ֪Ķ
ǿһ޴Ļ𻨴Ѥɫҵš


93 
ݴöľ޽ϵ׳Լ˽ľݵĶ飬ŮҪԼҵϸֽˮ
ɽԼųಲҪôľҪôٳԲľϵľ硣
ҲûϢҲ˸ɻĶС
ūʱɻֻÿ࣬Ӷ
ԼڵͶԼѡֻ㣬ͶһܵҸ
ľݵĽ첢ѣô˵ЭͬŬ£ʱ䣬һѵһĴľɽϡ
ֿʼܡûиֻľͷ
ûжӣҶۻṩîṹľͼֽ
ƽǶֻ֣ܿͼ˵ľݣԾȷҪߵîľķǸʱ䣬ڷϵ˲֪ľϺ󣬳зֵ˻ò
ĳбľݸǰʮӻ꣬ӻꡣ
ûճϼľݶз϶©磬ݶ֯ĺϸܣ֪˶ٲ㵱ݶҶֻҪش꣬С͵ıܿס
Ҷڿѷֵ겼úԺ󣬾Ͱѻʹϵͳ򵽵ļ׿˹
Ҷ۳ĲͬҪӵԴԴֻҪй⣬ʹãûʱܵô洢
Ȼ۸ҲˣԴϵͳҲֻк;ӪйصƷŻá
ϵͳԸҪϸ»ƷֻڡǮϲŻ΢һ㡣
ҶûгǰҹˡСɯѿеԼǰ
ʯҲʯݣᵽɽϵľɽɽ·һɽµƽ޽óкͿʼԼӣӵʱʶͨһ롣
ҪȥǾѾдΡ
ɽϲÿģޣԼɽµƽ񶼻ἷ
ҲҪ˶ãһ㹻ܹһЩĿģɽµƽֱӰǶʼռλ޷ˡ
Ҷ۹ŽʵϡΪֵ겻ʱĶģƾֻũƷ͹ũҩͷϹƶûǾֻܿ취ˡ
˻ûѧũҷʣйȥԶԼء
ΪйǿǲģǻӰزĶ
ӹҶϣʲô޼֮ǼҳֽСʣˣҪ𣿡
Ҷ۵ͷһЩôãѧԺҾҪˡ
ϵͳѾ˽λ棬ҶҲѡһλ棬׼
㲻棬Ѿ㹻ǻȥĶξͲˡ
˵˻ҪԼ
Ĳࡣ
ԼҪСġҶ۶Կ˵Ҫ֪Ķô˷ܻʲôҲڵ£̫˼ɵ
ܸտʼǻɵĴڣʱȥһʱ䣬Ƿûг֣̽ԵĶԿʲôֲκκ󣬺˵ջʲô¡
ҶۣһʮǹѻǹİѲǹ
ôã˭ãҪԼ
֪ǹʲôǹ
죬ֹȴ֪Լʱ˵ʲôϣ뿪һԷ뿪ĹǾûˣҲ֪Լܲ˽
Ҳõ̫ࡣҶ۰ο·ͨػƣֻҪû߳ȥӦû˻ᷢ
㷢ˣҲйΪڻ
ȻֻӾ岢࣬äߵĹңӾѾǷǳ߹ˡ
пءҶۣҪҲҪСã˼Ҳܶࡣ
޷ٿʱ򣬲Ҫԥ
Ҷۿſͷϵ㰴˵´ʱܻš
ҶۣλϣͲһɡ
˵֪ˡ
ҶߵߣĿļ򣬷ŻɣҽôЩ
˫ֽճȭŴۿķ죬ӣǿŲԼ޳
ﶼҶ۷ڴԪЩҶ׼ߵʱٷųȥ
Сʱ̻˿ôʹ
ѧĲ죬޷ѸٵİѰת֣Ҷֻܵһ»ʾֻ֣ʣµûʲôҪĵĵط
̿ʱȥ˲ֿ⣬Ҷ۴ĻŽ˲ֿ
Ҷ۽꿭ſȥ˲ֿ⣬ڿ޽ֵ֮ǰҶ۾ͶҪһسֿ⣬ֿĴҪȳеŸʵС
ȷʵҶ۵Ҫ󽨳˲ֿ⣬ֿ⣬Ӧ˵ǵؽѡ
Ϊʵǲ㹻޽зֵͬʱٽһʵĲֿ⣬辶ڳһ޴ĵؽѣؽԲľ֧ţ䵱ӵãؽѵĴľ塣
ʱܱؽľŸȫģƾֻʯˡ
Ҷ۴ĻƷӶ࣬ϵͳͼ۽չȲʳƷһڷùƷΪƬûʺչ޵ණϵͳ۸۸ȴܸߡ
һƽͥֵǮĶӦþչˡ
չֺԶͥʹõĶչޣûǮȥµġ
Ҷһ߽ؽѵʱ򣬾ڻ谵Ĺ¿ЩԱƽԼֵǵĶ
ӣչԼũߡ
мʮѬɡ
ġʶݻĶ˲ûбֵ̫ȡ
ʥЩũ߲ҪĶ
ҶۣҪԼ֣Ҫ֣²дҲҪῴ
Ҷ۵ļλ棬⣬Ǳä
ݶǣѧϰ֪ʶҪǵһʵǲֵػǸɻֻôʹóĶǶһѧͻᡣ
Ψ֣ѧдԼֶٮٮˡ
ǵĶѧϰ֪ʶǿܵģҶҲ֪ΪʲôΨһҵǣǵѧϰǲִӲ
ݶʶʶֶҶ۵Ӱ첻
ɿֵܲܶ˾ͺҪˡ
ʶֵֻߵͺ͹ܼңЩȻڸſ˭Ҳ֪ǵʲô˼Լˣþͱǡ
˵֪ˣ˵һҶġ
Ҷۿ򿭶
Ѿȥ̵ֻǣҲ꣬Ǹȵĳˡ
Ҷ۳忭ЦԼעⰲȫ
ߵʱҶٴĿļ
ϸִʵŸոճꡣ
Ҷûиõѡ񣬿Ҳûѡ
Ҷϲؽѵ̨ף̨֮ϣѾ֡

һ·ƥڻ뵽˰취Ȱȥ
ֻûü֣˻س·ϵĹѪƴ
صĹ巢ͻǳ£޷ΪˮԴһԭ򣬴ٻū˭Ҳ֪ôùûвⳡԴһ߷ɹʯͷư
˭Ҳ֪ʯͷλʿӹģһûұˣ˿
ڿִ̫٣Զûһ䡣
ȷϿ£ʿǣˡ
ֲ׼ȥء
ڿˣļӻеöء
Ͼ˽Ӷһѡ
ֻ̫ף׵Ϊ϶֡
֮ԻȥҲΪ̳˵£ûȥ¼̳ˣϾ֮Ҫϣ㿭ϵʵϵͳߡ
⻰еģܿʹӦˡӣ⻹˽ӡ
ȻǳӼ̳ƣɿϲԼĳӣΪӲԼǸɵ˵Ķɵӡ
ӣϲСӣС´ûɹϲ¾Ǵԣ࣬ڶУϲū
սԣֲĴ򲻵ڡ
ΪСԼЩݵʱÿвΪСЩãʵ㲻ŵ㣬ȴΪСӱȳ¸ңпؾ񣬽˵üӻԻ͡
ǿѸʿʰãϳȥ
ϾĳӺӶǻӣҪȥͱ취óӡ¡
ԼĶǣӣǰûдȸĳ
ֻǿģǰӶͲԭϵһȫ
ȻԾǸƭӣԼӶںҲһμ
Եһ仰û˵˵ʱ򣬿Ϊ˶ȥ
ʿֻܰѿʬ˻ȥ
ȣʿǹҪһγʱĿˡ
ʬȥõζһֱǱǼ⡣
һ·ؽӽһʱŻصأĿĵصʱȥؤûΪûʱƯȾͷͺӣĺڷͺں³˳
ڿʱûϳǰݵ׳˭
뿪ˣصɴ˫ۣߵǰþȫץס˿󣬵ǵöԷʹݣ̫ʧ񣬡ʲôʱ
ΪֻǴһĽ١
΢΢ҡͷҲ֪
뿪ǰ߹ѣͱ
ѵǰһǲᱻ𴩣һǱҲ¡
һ㲻˵ĻǾʵʵ˵
ûпɽֵĴ䣬ûпȻĳУӶ뿪Ժô죿
ֵأҲɻ˰뱲ƭӣԼͶԼֱúѧʨӣǾԲġ
ôôͶһϲͨ
ƽĿڿǴƬũũɻũǡ
˸˵йİš
һǺĹǣɿץſֱ۵֣ٴαϹϾĵͷ
ҪһԼĽŲȵԼ˫ֳʳҪԼһȥΪף˻ȥ
ز̧ͷ㵵Ŀſ
ǵʳ·еһжƬء
ߣþĿ⿴ŵסչƣ˵ϣһ硣
һ죬kῴġ
죬˵ּ⣬ֻܱ죬ĵͷ
뿪Ҳ㣬ʱߡ
Ȼû񿭶Ҫ뿪
ֻƽ˵һ˵ּ⡣
ȷʵδͶҲͶԽӵʵ̫ջ
ο֮ǰûҵһԳפĵط
ٴε룬ȥƭ壬ͣ
һֻǼ¡
Ц˵ȥϴɣϢ죬ʱҪˮԺũͲһδȥˮˡ
ſ뿪󣬿ŻԿصİš
˶˵ǸõˣҲܺãȻûϣûе¸УֻҪһĹܺɵȥɣɱˡ
˶˵кôġ
ĳһ죬شĻںô
һ
ܹ˶ЩƽٴΪūҪжѣϾ·ȥ
ֱľͷ

Ҷڸ˶ʹǻص˳С
⣬һԽԽֱϵҶۡ
һԽʹõҲǹԴֻҪйã⻹ǻ⡣
ǹ֧ҩҲ˿ǽ̻˿ôãܲúãͿû츳ûʱϰˡ
ȻһԱûաɯ·Ҷۣ㲻ǿ
ҶĪĴƸΪԷ
ֻܶɯ˵ڵҾǿˣҾ㲻ãƸҲ鷳
ݶȻҲäôλĻԭλ򵥷㡣
ȫһ
οҾҪŷףһҲˡ
ɯ˲¶Цݣԣһ͹ˡ
ƳһûʲôӦǿһΣһ͹ˡ
˷ӦɯķӦ£һۣƽʱûʲôϴһĨЦ
ֻЦݿɯҪз̣۵޲˹ȥҧ
סˡ
̲УǰûҧҧļҲ
Ҷۣ¸λ׼ȥ¹
γֵλ棬һǳ¹һǿƲ۹
ϵͳ˸⣬ϣڽʱԾǰĿĵиµ˽⡣
ҶЩж
ϵͳpuaˡ
ھϵͳڲ˵ѹեҶѾϵͳһ϶Ǵˡ
¹ڵʱսʱڣĵβĺҲͳߣɹ󣬷ֵһСأ˺
¹෴ܸԣпŵǰ
ũʱ¹Ĺǳʺϸ֣ȫٷ֮ʮϰնũ
ҵĵطڣԣСޣܺʹȥƴս
ڸ֮䳤裬ƨ˭Ҫʳ
֮ǣ¹ܸԣҲ
ԭҶǲȥ¹ģһʱܰĹңȥ˾³¹ڰ
ڿƲ۹ϺѸپȥ¹ˡ
Ʋ۹ǼƣȫǣƲ۹
ᱳʱҶһֱĵħ塪壬壬˵ȵȡ
۹ڴ̡
׼ȷ˵ڷ
ںʦǶս
һҪᣬһڴ̣ҶۻһʱȨ׺ˣȥҪǸɡ
ôû


94 
ѩ֦϶˻ѩ˴¾ֻһ΢СĶѩ£ĺӭ洵Ӳ絶Ƭ̱һ˿ڡ
߳ĶϰŲǰµӡѸٱѩڸǡ
ããĴػεۼʧ˱治巽
ŵĲʿѩǵıͷڣƤѥѩˮʪֽżʧȥֻ֪ľļǰȥ
һľѾѩУʮʿһƳȻûܰѳƳȥ
Ƥ׵ĽվڳߣûֻôևQϣˣ
ڳ˹Ƥ̺ˣںɱûǿŶ£ü価Ƿߺޣ޿κε˵ҵǣ
Ƥ̺Ҳܹˣºһڣʹ
ڳº࣬˾뼫Է
ϣǵݡ
ºҧжѩ伢δ棬ݾġ
ԹƭҺòң
򴽣վȰϣԹƻ˴󷽣塣
ºЦһ֪ܲɳ¹Сô꣬Թֻ֣Ҫ֣ҳ¹вӦ˵ʲô˵ЧҸǵų֮ˣΪ򡣡
֪˵Թֻ֣˵ҲаأƴգҲճˣжپū
º˵ϣϱ壡
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Ů˵ͷֳǧﴫĶ˵ϰ壬ȹȥҪûǾ˻ǾֱӶˣвУ
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ǵģƺЩ΢ˮˮϸܵ
ѾˣȻɱŮǯţѾʧȥ˷Ķ૵﾿ǺδǾǺˣˣɣ
û˻شŮ˽˼׳У˺Ӵ˽ȥ
־ܣڵϣ˫۱ں󱳣㿿ǽϣ֪Ķů紵ϣָֽ֪
ů
ͷֱء
ͷȥǶŮﲻ֪ʲôѾ;ڵķȥ崰󺰣˴թ
˴թ
󺰣˲û
ãȻĿվߵˣǡΪβң
ޱ˵˴νкͷ
жԭˡԭˡ

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촽ٵһ̣µ㹥ȥ
Ƥ̺ȡٹϣ
ʿŵĳºѾһӣɼˣȻû̫ů촽Ѿʼڡ
ΣڵϦԥʿȰһ˳ɱȥ
ҡͷɣܶʿ䲻࣬ʧ㹥ӣ뿪
˴·ѩ⣬һ֮·üҪҲҪ»ڡ
οĵطһӣʵ̫죬쵽
ǳ֮ʱзǳ֮£ʿȰ
ʲôǳ֮ʱһŮȻǰô󣬴ıɻУ
ͼʿ˲Ϣ֮ǰὣǰ󺰣󣡱ϣ
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ϣһĮ¹
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ҵȳ¹ʿ䣬ͳºλи㡣
죺ǼȲ³ˣҲˣ˴ڳ¹ڣ
˿ȷ³ԣҳ¹޳Ըװٽ𣬲ǧ𣡻λҾһձر
ԷȸǰȸҴʱ̡
Ǵʱ;ĩ·ƴȫҲûмʤ㡣
սǰһλݣ³½գ
Ůǰ
ѵѩߣӡӰģ㿴վѩˡ
һһŮվѩصУƺѩ֣첲ô¶ں統Уһ
˾Ͳ˵ˣȻߴ󣬿ɾвûиߴж˵񣬱Ϊ˶Ҳټ
ֻŮˣȻֻ˰ôһ㣬ȽԼҪϰͷ¶ͷĸ첲ʵ˶ͨŮӵĴȻ֣ȴſſ⣬ȥж׳˶
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촽΢Ȼȭͷλ˳¹ܣ˴³أ³ѣΣ
ܵöλؽ꣡
濴һۣ˶΢΢ͷ˵ֻһ˴ųº
ˣС
ǾþĲݣּһ䣺ɱǣһ
Цλģʿս
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Цǽ˵شΣϢ꿪ٻȥ
οǲ֪ԷжˣзΪݣѹмӵöʿ
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ųº縺ǧ˵һųºѩǰС
ֻһˣų¹Ĺ𢣬һؽ
ʿŽıӰʹҳ¹񡭡񰡣
Աߵױϻûأٿ޺ұһ㣡ҡģ㵱
ʿĨ˰ҿޣʱޣ
˫Ѿʧȥֻ֪־Լ˫Ȳ̧¡
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ҧС
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ʧȥʶǰһ̣ܼѵֱۣӬغȡҡҾϡ
ԺǵŮ˵ӡ

ҶڴͷոճöԽʱȫԡ¶
Լɽ˲֮Եϸλ棬λȴ档
⸽ܶӣ˻ߴĻ棬Ҳ಻ϵѩɽѩǵĴأڳпյһµǲ溮Ӱ졣
ļڲԣʱڣ¸̣Ҳᵽߡ
˿ͼֱǳ˵Ρ
һεһλ棬ûϵͳӯǰǲԾλ棬Ȼλʱ䣬ֻӲѩڻػش
Ҷ۰ͷðɺ߳Ϣҡ
ɯͲݶɳ塣
ˡɯӼʲԸ˵û棬´ҿ϶Ӯ
ݶЦùɯĲͷһӣ˵㣬ҪȻɡ
㣬ûӮƫƫرϲ棬֪˶ٰˡ
棬Ҫ
ɯ̧ͷҶ۴Ϣҳ̰ӻȥߵҶǰϰ塣
Ҷۣͳȥˣ
ɯͷȥˣиģץˣҪҪȥ
Ҷۣҹȥȱȥŵˡ
Ҷۿɲ֪λսʱûкˡ
ڵλеģԷһǱɯȥ
ɯԱûʲôȤͷУϰ壬ҪҪ壬塣
Ҷί˵ҪҪԱϷ
ԴɯԺ󣬾͵ŸڣҶȻҲϲ壬ӮҲûʲôȤ
Ҷ۾ãɯǱ׼˲
ҲͲݶԸ档
ɯʼ磬ȥЩίϰ壬ȥæɣ֪Ҳˡ
ҶЩˣֻ˵ûҾһ
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Ҷȥҽҡ
ԶΪǸƶˡ
Ҷ۸յҽſڣԶ׶Աڴϵ˵ֺý֫
µãؿԶףǰֺȫˣȻƻűӣʱȶסֺҲûʲôӰ·ܻܵӰ졣
µСʣҽʿ
Զףԡ
µϲΪţֻëëһŤ壺ҽʿҹҲˣ
ԶŤˣʵ㣡Ҫд˵طֱӰӳȥ
ԶԼӣҪıˣǲǻˣ
µ˵Сˣûң¹гһ٣ɾϾһ
ԶЦԣе
µԶ׵ɫȻе㺦£ǿ˵
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ԶҽصԱκԱﶼһģùͱʿҪ
ΪԼ֪ʿĬĬ˰Ѻ
ˡϢſڵ
Ҷ۳ҵͷҲѹɤ˵ţӦҲܡ
ҵͷǡ
Ҷ۴ȣߵſڣ⡣
Ȼеƹճȥյĵطޣ¹ܿľޡ
Ҷۿǽߵţ˴Լʮӣſѩ߹ͳ档
϶ˣŲȡ
Ϊ²Ҷ۾͹˲ŵԶӦϵͳҪť򿪡
Ǹո̨ףҶ۾ʹ˳дš
ôô٣Ҷ۽ü
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Ҷۿ
ǧ˵ҲˣȻˡ
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Ҳס
ȥȿˮɣѾ֧һҲůˣȰǷŽȥҶۿ۸ǡ
Ļ⣬ߵһѱ汳˼
ҶۣԶ׹ȥûжˡ
ҶԺתͷǣֻˣ
Ա𣺡ֹҸоһǧ˰ɡ
ҶСʣûǮ
ҲС˵УǸǽ˵ֻҪǵľϣǧ𡣡
棺ǧǶٰϰ壿
Ҷ۳Ҳ֪Ҷս˽ʼһͳҲ֪ͭңĽʲôһҵһ𣿡
棺ҪϵͳģֻҪǸǮ֮ǰˡ
Ҷ˲䲻ˣ˵еһ֮ôҲеǮ
̫㣬û뵽ܵô㡣Ҷ˵ܴܿչĿˡ
λ棬ϵͳӪҵĿǧ
Ȼܶ࣬һҵľǸСܴճôǮɣ
ӯǧѣӪҵˮǧӦûôѡ
Щ˲𣿡ʣҿǵӣưϡ
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Ҷ룺ܣҲڹܣȳѹ˵
棺ǽº
Ҷ㶣𣿡
ҶգգۣԣտʼǺű˹
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һ·棬۵òУǱһ·Ͼ͵ˡ
ˣĵҲ죬ŵڣԶ׶Щ˼顣
ϹԶҶۺȥϴ֡
ϴ߳ҽңŬŬ죺ֺ첲ˣովȻܹ̽·
Ҷۣ־ɡ
˵ľʱԼĻҪǿ
ԶߵҶߣжˣ˶ҿβҶС
ǧ
Զ׵һҴְھʹְΥԼ⣡
Ҷ۱ЦˣİɣЩ˻ùܣ˵
ԶװˣǾͺãȻҿܻϰ壬ҪȻٹһҽ
ҶۣҲҪѹܳǮ˵
ΪûпǧˣҶ۲û˶ҡ
ȻԼڵĻţϾǧˣСĵ㲻ǻ¡

ůԻ˯
һʱ֮䣬ֲԼںδ
ͷߣǽڹǳ
ɹǽֶ


95 
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תͷԶĳºǿŵɤ۵һЩ
ȻûɱǣΪʰңӦûж⡣
ֻطʵڹ죬ͷǣȻ벻κͷ
֮ϣսƵƵʿ֮٣֪ð˶١ˡ
ѵһˣ
˵˴˳¹ڡ
¹߹ȷʵ಻ϵɽֻ¹֮ĳºɽ֮󽨹أǳ¹Ѱ̤㣬ɽƶȺɽ֮Ұ޲ϣҲġ
ڰղأҲ˵ء
Ǵʱд췿ݣǿҪˡ
㲻ݶǷذҲҪࡣ
˼ˣҡ
ôˣ
ܳſڿȥһϸŮӶˮڣĴŮһ޶ֻͷ̣Ȼϸжȴࡣ
վŮæ˵ôȻûлĵطҲˣҪһʱָܻжȵˮɣҪǶȥõԵġ
Ů˽ˮŵߵİϣܿĲգֻƤѩף֬ǹ֮жȴҰŮӣʵڽ治Ůݡ
ʹ֪˼˺ڣ֮û԰ݻᡣ̧˫֣ȴŮ˵ãľϵܼ
ܲ⣺ΪΣ
ŮЦԼĥɡ
˵űȥһԿºƣȻụ̂ճδ£ºһ֮ƴ˴֮ǰڹ֮͢ڣûô屾һߣѾ˸ա
ҩãǾ͵Һˡ
ܿŮӽ̽ºڣŵ̳ﲻɣ
ĻͿŮѾ˳ﻹ˸ϸ֮
￴Ų룬͸һʱ֪⾿Ǹʲô⡣
Ůӿһ䣺ʮ˶һЩ
˵ֳԼ̧̧°˵İɣҪҲȲڣοɱǶҲûô
ܱɬǡС֮ˡ
ŮӰ֣ȵˮɣҲܵıˣԼҲûõĶȥǲǾͷǣڷգҲ֪ô˵ģ纮
ܵɴ˫ۣ촽ŵʣϡȾ˷纮

һѵģֻ˵С⣬ܿܺãԲΣա
ܿƶӣﰲһЩǲ˵纮֢ʱգҽʿҲ
᣺ҽѧûչ׶Σô֢
۾һ˼˼˲֢ܶҩ
תͷÿԶ׽˿ⲻˣ
ܸ磬ȳȥˡߵԶߡ
Զ׵ͷøࡣ
ͷ
㲻ʣ˵ҲԶߵܴߣѷڴŵ۵ʴ򿪣ߣܣԶס
ܣʧ񣬲´֣ճϣܣֶ顣
Զף¶飿
Ǹɶ
ܿԶ׵飬͵Ϊ飬ҲΪ飬ҸԸҶϤ顣
Զ׵ͷ֡
Ȼʱʲôֶȡ
ҾڻûѡԶףҾֻ㣬ͷڻдԼǧˣǧڱѩһҹܻĲһ룬ʲôԲߣ
ܣҳ¹ɣ
Զ׷ʣʲôô紵ϺȱʳѾ御ΪʲôҪͷˣ
˵ʩԮ֣Ըһ£ΪǣִʣԸΪһС䡭
ˣ㲻ֵǮԶףοҲ
˵Ҳ֮УҪлҲлҡ
ܣǴ˼˾Ҿ
Զ׵ͷԡ
Сѯʣ֪˼˿ͼ֮ͼܱص˫ַϡ
Զײ㿨ǣҶ۶ĶҪǮǱҪ̫ԣǶԷҪʲô̫ס
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˺ð˵֮
Զף˼˿ᰮռ˼֮
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ͻȻɤţϿӣˮ֮ǿɽһʮأˣˣ˼˱ˮ֮ɣ
Զñȷյ˸ͷǣ˶Է˼ҡͷŮˡ
ƺ˿ϴЦܸոջ룬ǾҲǿʮأܻ治֪ӦԲźá
ܣȻˣ仹δѣܱţ˵֮оӽ
˽Ϊ֮ξȡ죬Ϊȴ޷棬Ϊӽ
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ܣǾǱӽΪϣ޷棬˼ˡ
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ʱ򣬻һ
˭ѧ˭ѧɣԶѾˡ
Ǵͷĳ԰ɣûƭңЩʿ䣬ӦҲܺúϢһϡԶվ°۵
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Զ뵽˹ԱǶҶ۵ĳƺֻ˶ּɣЩ絽Ķôƺ
ˡܾ׽֣Զߺſ˯ĳº
˻Ǹˣֻĳ裬ˣ֪˵ؾѰ֮ء
ǲѣΣ֮з·תԵ

ӽҶ۴ҵӹӽȻͭģʯ
Ҷ۵˵ĽȷʵһͭҪء
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ҶЩ᲻ð⽣õϵͳǮȥͲ֪⽣Ǽ٣ֵΡ
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ͷǲ֪ǲʯ
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᲻ðһýϵͳġ
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֪޷Ѽ޵ʱΪ𾪣Ѽ޾Ȼ·ܱů
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ԱȫжűЯ͸ÿ˶ڼԼûǹ뿪УЯǹ
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ݶһ޷ǹ䣬һͷƤһЯʽᵽ⣬ֽȥ˼ɣڰ̺
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ֻϵͳֻ裬ۣùԴĶֻܳãԣ಻ܳһ£ϵͳͻԶա
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ݶڱˣȥȻҽﾾǻȥˣ
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ѧ㣬ȻҪʼͳʦЩȻСǵĸĸõöࡣ
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ݶȻ򣺡˵Ķԣֲ޸ͳ½ֻ˹
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濴æңǱٺͼֽæ
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ƫԣΪǰĸߴŮԼЦʵûЦ飬ֻܽӲĹǣЦ
水չİť
ھƫʹʿǰԭֻаƴСȻչҪľƹǼܣҲδֻſſĲϣȴչһ̳
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ƫʿʧɫƫʧǡ
棺ɵѩвܷ纮
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ȴûٺǶ˵óһŵָ̺İƫ˵̺¶ȣǿԼһɫ¶ͣɫߡ
˵꣬治ƫǷӦͶԲݶ˵жˣǻȥɡ
ߵʱ򣬳תͷԭصƫҪˣ˹Ҿ͵Ҫͬҿս
棺ʱҾԲ
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ݶ̿ĦУƫǲһѩ
󽫾ױһԼ
ǰŵڸǣովһжΣʵ¡
ƫǰ᣺˵Ůӣΰ֡
ױ󽫾

ȽʿǽѧŮӵģ֧ԽԽ棬Եױ˵ЩǷ˵ֱʣīҵĻضδ㾫ϸ
ټ˵أīҿɵͷҲδīȼɣֻ֪īù
ױС˵ҹ߷ѰˣŮӣҵҿʩģɼʹ³
Ƚ֪ױ˵ʲôҡͷҹֻˣޢ֮꣬ɣ
οʾϰݼҲληηʧ֮ơȽ̾ǿʱҲǹӣʱȲ
ǿ֮ʱλǷɣٿڡ
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97 
ѩͣչʢɽƽѵõĺ¹ʿƤëռľɹ
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ºĻû˵꣬Ϳɯߵ˳ǽ£Ŀһǽĸ߶ȣͻȻһԾ𣬳ºĿɿڴĿСС˶˱ȳǽһصĸ߶ȡ
º˶ɵˣǽǡ
ɯżأվڳǽϣתͷԭصǣЩͷʣıߣ
ԺŷԼֲ嶫ﱧԹºΪʲôողֱ˵ҡ
ȥֻץʡ
Ǳ˵ľٶͷò壬һʱ֮ûһ˶
ɯԼһ
߽ʱھ𳤸꣬ͷ׼ɫغͣ£ǰһұɱ㣡
һڻعǶ׼ǰûߵС
ɯǾٶ޶ãͻȻǰ㡣
ʯ֮䣬û˿ôģǿʱɯѾϡ
˫ȽĲӣһַֻľָ࣬Ȼ䳤ޱȣ·ź⡣
ȥسǴ󽫣ȻҾɱ㡣ɯڱЮֵߵ˵ôھ̴ܴͷ­ʼ㻹֪ţǵӡ
һȻתͷȥҲܿԼϵĺ⡣
ָ֪ףΪذףͼŮ޴Ӽ˦
ȴͻȻͳָ׽Ǹεѡ
ⲻˣ֣
ɯָĲӣֻһĲѪ
ȫڲ
ɯͷ˵㣬Ұɱˣֻһ˸Ҵ·һһԼѡɡ
˼Ϣ󣬱ɯЮֵڶˣǱһʯŲŲ
𶯣תʱ󺰣Ҫ󽫾ȴҵȵʬȥ
ɯüתͷǸȻЦʣһ˵˼˵˼
˲˵ųֿʼ
ɯļ߹ȥ
ɯͫͻȻʺ죬һЦ¶Ȯһĭ
ôҳȫ㡣


99 
û˸ҷϣȴû˸ܵһ˿¶ȡ
ǹҰױ䣬˲亹
Ǳεͷ㤵Ŀµͬۡ
˭ҲովʲôûüŮһ߷һַ˵ٶ˶ԷϣССĿûвȭͷһȭһȭϡ
ֻѪɡ
ǼһϢ䷢£ûܿŮ޵ȭͷôµģӳ˲Ӱ
תͷʱѪ顣
򴽱ߵһѪ飬İ۾
ôǵǳºˣûֱŪҲֻԷһ
Ůұĺͫٴοǣܴҹȥ𣿡
㡣ɯָǸңֱӴҹȥ
˿ĭɯ˹ȥƨ˵ǰȻ£ɯıԺļ򣺡߰ɡ
վԺɯſЩԭûˣЦЦȮź⣺ȥˣ
ûаѻ˵ֹ꣬
ȴ˺䤱ɯԶˣǲƻعһƨ˵ϡ
˵¶亹ʪǻ࿴ӶԷ￴˺¡
֪˶ã
鳤Ѿֻнûгԡ
Ϊһ飬ʧȥʶһ鳤
ǡô죿ʡ
༸˻࿴С˵ҵȸոӦ衭
ʿۺ˴أӦ࿹ǲûзζԷ뿪һ֣ɱͷĴ
˼ͬʱ˵¡
ͬʱ죬Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǶԸ⵱һ⻰˵ˡ
иõ̲ס˵ŮһͲǳˣɽҰ֣鳤ҵƴ߱ڵأ֪Ȼ֪ȥ˺δҲʲ
Ȼˣ˱޷ȡˡͬۡ
Źɣ
ɯ֪ʹһĸȫˡ
Ҳûȥû³ǽöԷԼָ·
ϾţĿ껹̫ˣֲǹ¡
ĵѾˣҲҺָɯ˳ָ⿴ȥֱָŵĵطȷʵһլӣլӱԱߵĵͰݴö࣬ȷԷûѺܿĸһֵ˴κصһԡ
ɯֻ˵ĵطԱ˵ɽһ·Ժլӵķ

Ծƣ˰ϣʮ䣬ǰžţһ̾һҲˣڹʮоǾϡ
ǻˣžϽأԲͽǲţԲ¹
ʣǿмƲߣ
һ˸ͽѳֳϵձҪᣬ¾λڼʱšȾأǺ¡
ˣڱҪһҡɫΪ¹ǣŲá
һ䷴ףڶǧ˿ãžأϲҷʱ
ûаѻ˵꣬׵˼
عشȻǸҪλӣǹ֮˲ʤΡ
ҲǸ£߹ƫƧ¹ֶδս£Ȼؾ˴¹ռûˣ빫нƵˣعصĽ̲ˮ
Ͳˡ
ͽǳŵ¾λͽ߹أȥǡ
岻ͽǸ֮ͽº󷴻Ҳпܣǵϡ
ǰٴȰԥȻȻͽ˵㲻ٷڣ
ѵʱ򣬷޳Ǽ£
䣺񽫾ͽһپ٣ʱϣҲǽֹºδʲôôץͽİѱձȨͽǴˣزڳº
󣺡˼ɷ
ŽŴʶҲ꣬»عش󽫣ҲҪعش󽫣ȾҲ
ǲãȺϵһϯ֮أڹ׵ڶλ׵ǳܡ
ⲻҪģӵһڣɽˮ֮УҲܽʳжա
ȻѴӦͽʵڲ÷ڡ̾˿ǹ֮Ļ죬ðҹȾĶˣƫأɱ
Ȼ˵һҪնݳܽ˵֪ºš
ȰŵºĿ䲻˵ͷ޴ͽձضʰ֪ͽ˳ºѱᱨͽ˼ܵˣȻ֪ˡ
ҲҶ˵ô䣬ѱͷûͽ̽
Ѿ⣬ɢȥҪ뷨뿪λ󽫾Լʲôʱͷض֪
ԾƳԾơź
һӵĿƱյϹάš
ż¶ǣһ־źҲžƾɢľվԼ½󣺡λԺҳȥԸƫ
̨ףǵĳȥͣ١
ƿľţҪԸſڵױ
ͻ
һСӰͻȻ£ƫеŵļͷ
ŻûܷӦӾͻȻ˶ס
ֺֻСڻоȻ뵽һ㡣
ֻȻСȴѸɫǺ죬Ҫۿб
ɯͷ˵ĶߵǣİѳŴ򿪣Ȼھɱ㣬ԺȻͿˡ
ߵױ󺰣
ڵĿҲͻȻıŵûɢȴûһ˸ǰ
ɯǳľסǡ
ɯָ䳤ŵĲϴѪ˳ӻ䡣
ɯЩסʳɿ㣬뱣ǿš
ԼҽŮЮ֣ױҲ
ɯɿ֣ܴˣǺԣɯҲõ˵ȥѳŴ򿪣ҾͰǽж˿顣
ƣǳŮԵǺӸеױòֱ֮ɤһ
ɯקסŵƤڣץͷֻվȵĳȥ
ȥ
ױǲҶǲΡΡʣ
ɯָȻ䳤סŵĲӣвҵĻ𣿡
δս£ҲͷɫǺѸٱŵʧȥѪɫ
֪ʱԼϵŮʲôˣʲô֪ԼʱڶԷϡ
ϴʹСʵǡͷˣ
ɯľͷ磬ͷȾƣôҾģ
ҲϹ˵ͷðºĴˣֱͦͦվǣá
ɯҲľˣ˵ǰɣ
ɯץסƤһŲҽ󵹣ɯɵĵϣصɲǣ˺Ƥͷ
ͷͷƤһɯ
ƤͷƤ˳ӵڡ
ڵĿ䱻ŵøεѣκɯſڣҲſӳȥֻǽǣû˸Ƥһۡ
֣֣
϶ɽҰ֣
䱻ŵƼžһš
ϵʹÿͷѪֹɯʵ̲סŵͷһѣָٰյߣ˱ָѪ
ɯ󣬾ʹӶͳֹʹҩ˺޲ֹ
ͷƤϵˡ
ɯ̾˿Ҫ㻹á
ܱһˣ
ѪܻǱѪúȵġ
ɯóֹѪҩۣŵͷûгֹѪǺġ
˺һҩЧſʼá
ŷ˸ſڵϣ̧ͷͷɯ
ڿɯ԰׵ƤʺͫɫȾѪָ⣬ָףһжʾˡ
ɯüȥɡ
ŲܣɳƵغţȥţ
ױҲžǵĽƨܡ
ɯߣŵͷմѪҩ۵ĻŵĨһѣĨɾ˵˳ǣҾͲˡ
Ŵȴ˵˭֪Ůֻ᲻һԲϾͶ֣
ɯЩ棺Լ𣿡
űһҪЩôûԼ뷨ϵҡ֮ǰ»ƣȷûд۶֮λĴ㣬οĴ۶ˣɹ¹
Ȼսս£ڼ֮ʦҪҸɡ
ɳˡ
ûͽֻҷ¾
Ϊûһλ͵֮
οֻҪմȨͷûйᣬҲڴˡ
ɯûϢȥֻǻһˣĶǵ
űôҲҷֻ˳˵ǣ˵Ķԡ
ɯüֲˡ
ǵôˣСආôƺ׵ġ
Ų˵ˣɯżϣۣ˵Ȱ㼷һĿǣǸɣһûȥǵĹˣǡ
ɯ˸ǷſϣȰɡ

ɯȥһСʱˡҶЩģʲô°ɣ
ָ࣬ܿ죬ɱˣӦû
Ҷۻе㵣ģϾɯƤӵ£֪ʲô
ºǵ̸չСʣˣŮʲôȻˣ
ҶۣǾ֣вˡ
ºȵо֡
ǰʱֹ£ͷһؼºЩҼʶ̰
Ҷۣ
һˣǰҲûѪ
ǵĻǱ߾ʹʮһţŽѳƳһ졣
һȥæġ
æʮӣŰѳȫ򿪡
ºһڻˡ
Ҷ˵ˣʿǳ;棬ҹЪϢɣ
ҶЩ֣ǲǣ㲻ҹǺ㣿
ºЦǧʿﲻһǧʿ䣬ûлδ֪
ֻҪ˹أٸҶֱ߱ûǸӡ
Ҷۣڹ⺦㲻߱
ºڹ⣬ܻѳɽҰˣ˹أסˡ
Ҷʵڸ㲻ߵʲôֱ
Ļǵһ¾ǰѸҷԼعشɱˣһгʿȥסƣٸϵһ·ĴϢ
ºϾǱˣǾҶԼֳֵ㣬Ҳûзİš
ºҶ۷ֱȭϣˣذɣ
ҧгݵ˵ҼţҪж˿飡Һϣţ
ܰڰ֣ɣŵӲر⣬˶ȻҪְѾ£вɴݾߡ
ڻص֮ǰҹϢй¶ȥ
ֳִôĶһţ·ͨĵطһϢ뼰ʱݳȥǼ򵥵¡
ѹסŭŭݣŵ
ºҶ۹֣롣
ҶҲһȣȲ˳š
˼ǲ˳š
һţҶ۾ͱǰľﾪסˡ
ΪٲȴϾڴʱ򣬴ֻ£˶סɽȥˡ
ǿǻɳĵ·ٿ·ƶͷҶֻⷿһЩ͸еԭʼ𲻴ˡ
ҶһֻܰοԼ߹ģϾûоˣȫǵģ̫ܸ㽨裬˵ͻǺġ
۹ҳ¹һأΪΣºԺʣЩ⡣
Ҷ۳ĬƬ̣Ȼܺá
ºЦعش󽫵լۡҹǾ
Ҷ˳ųºָŵķȥ˿ôľͷӣߣӦòڰҹ©硣
ǾãϿܴá
ʿǸ˹أûֱӽӪܶ˶ŽģӪʿ䣬ڿۣͬڿˡ
ȽͳһһҵĻųºĳһ֧
߹صĽʿҲǣһ˸ǰҲҶʡ
⣬ﲢû˼º֪ºʲôŷǿţҲֻһ֪¿ǧء
б߹ʿСͬ˵Ǵҳ¹ɹΣֲˡ
¹ճԲӣͨʿҲûõȥ׳ӱͲ׳ֳ֣Բʲô⣬ÿջҪʱˣŶƤǡ
ɴǰģЩų¹ʿǣǿ´·ܿ·¹Ĺҵ⡣
ʿ䣬ĹһɲС
Ӧǳ˰ɣʿ䣬˵أֻǵ˹ǰҲǿսˣ󽫾
ȵȣҺ񿴵˹ܣ
ܽѾͬһİ
ǹܣµôϲ
ǹܽԱ֮ˡǡ
ʿǶҽӻ
Ƕ֪һӻ֮ǰڹģͲͨˣһ֮
º㣬ǸҪԴ
ŽҵȡʿＷһ仰

ҶͣլۡſڣתҲĳºҪδعش󽫣
ºʱܶҪҲڹǰ̡
Ҷ۵ͷ
֮ǰĳºǸӣ˼ﻹǺġ
ȥ͵·Ӧû谭
ĹԱǶúǹ˸ʵսʱˡ


100 
Ϊعش󽫵լۡȽϸɾҶ۾ˣڷĵ涼ûʯ壬ԲڴɨĶɾֻҪţɳ̾ͱᴵȥڵʯ϶һϸϸĻɳ
Ҷ̤żʱʹ⡪˯ɡ
ǴƾɵȣԲιţڿɯ
ֻɯаŮˡ
ſڣƨɵϵһɫµġӡԼǿҶ۽ˣɯ˲վΪڸǡ֤ݡһŰѡӡߵһԡ
ӡ̨ϹùҶ۽£ӡ̧ͷҶ۴۵ɴС
ɯæ˳Űѡӡ߿˫ֱ󣬳Ҷ¶һװЦݣҲŮͯϰ壬˶棬һûߡ
㣬վסҴȣɯǸ߿òܵĿ亰
˽ԭزҶˣʶɯĹֶΣǶ˵ӣɯһʧȥӣһָһż
ɯСؽͣҸտʼżϵģֻż̫ӲƨۣҲûԸҵӵġ
ҶһĲҲ̶ãûɯɯǲѪսôԲɣְֻǱİȫǸ֡
ЩôţҶһԵĳº
ºĿȴһߣѾʧȥ֪ϣҲ˶ԷǱưͷҩۺ棬˿̿ȥһһ죬ʮ⡣
ǡºҲС˲١
ɯҰͷƤקˡ
Ҷڣ˶һ
ʵžۡ
ɯҹȥţⲻܹҡ
Ҷۣ㣬ȥϢɡ
ɯҡҡͷȰţҪɱвУ
º˸սԽɯԽһɽ֣ɱ˱ȻգֻۣĿ⿴Ҷۡ
Ҷû̴Ӧֻ˵ʱһͳº
ɯ¶һЦݣҵš
ºȥţ²ֻ֪óܰ￴ţԶҲһȥˣŻֻȰ˾Ȼ
ʣµĿǡ
ºڣǽǵĿ䣬ĵ̾˿
û뵽¹Ȼô˲
ǰһֱΪԼǸܹ񰮴ĺùλûΪԼԭӹһ˰ķֱ뿪ǰõҲֻǼľ
Ϊһ֮δ˽ݹԼ
ºЩ䣬ûзҲûн˰ѺȥѹѹԼӣվЩǰ˫ƽ٣һɬʣλߵвλЧΪ㣬λΪ¹һã
ǿһ˾֮ĹĿ־ɢȥûһ˸Ҵ𻰡
ǸǷ
ֻһվ˳˳ºһǾ֮֮ʧ˴˶ҪְȻȻֻЩаСˣɡ
ºˣȻӣҡͷʣСˣСˣ˵Ļ
̧ͷĿԭڳºϣȴŲվڳºҶϡ
Ŀ죬˾ȻûҲû룬һž¿ºͣº߾Ȼд
Ŵ硭ҲʱƣֻòʵڿĹˡ
˶ǳխ磬ֻģ֣ˣϸ
òʤ֣ˣ֣˶ǿǣԴ󣬵ͫڣ˫Ŀȴϸβ΢ֱ΢ͦ촽ȴխ飬ȴԷ
һ֮վԣѹסʡ
ˣֻòҲ֪ǹгȴ˾Խӽ෴ֻòȻһǫǫӣйؽƢԡ
ºҲڿҶۣһ˴˵ע
˲Żعٿºˣ˵ŽѷףҵҲûʲô˵ģôñôðɡ
ϣ䷴ˣϣŽ̰Ĳ㣬ҵɰ
ҵȲһҽ⣿
ϣҵ
ºҶۣɡ˿ɷ˽
ҶȻ֪ºҪԼʲôǴĵ˵ͷ
ߵ⣬ȥһԵ˵
º̾ˣʵڲ֪Ǻãɱˣ󲻻ʿҳ¹˲ῴЩʿңֻΪҼͶܣɱʿˡ
ǲɱЩ˽ȥ
ҶڳºĽ²֪ڸʿвŻȫ絽Լڣ۹ʲôƢڶԴʿ˵̬϶һ¡̬ҪҪ͡
Ͼңʿ̫١
ʶֱȴҪݳޣʿ˼ӵܣʹͬǣӵܶȨûʲôȤӵһУ뵱٣óټˣ»ҲĽ׼
ԡ¾Ϊٵģ뵱٣Ǿ³ˡ
ĶˣӦòĽ»˭뵱٣Ǿһ
ܱ£ʿˣССҳҲпǵĹ֮ҪصãҪѼ
ҲǶˣǻҪģҲҪǵ̬ȡ
ߵĴʣɷ⽨ʱֱ붼롣
ҶԺ󣬳Ĭ˰κ˵»ΣҲΣ˷ʳ»Ȼںܷһ㡣
ûǻŬһá
ǹĶ
οʱʵûôصļҹûѹ³ʿ˿ڳ¹Ϊ٣Թʿ˿ȥ֣ԸԼĸҲûʲô谭
⽨ʱŻǿҾĹڵʿŷĲ
ҪһչŻ
ȫҷгûѡأǳǿ˲żüõ֡
Ҷ۱Ͼ̫˽⵱ذջʿ˶ԳºķӦֻ˵ȻɱֵǾ͹ɣúĥĥӣ˵պҲá
ºͷҲôģֻǸոǸ˵ʿˣҿǲࡣ
ҶۣǾͰҲȹţʱٵһȥ˵ԸΪЧȥȻҲҪЧ
ºҶۣȻˣ˵Ԧ֮
Ҷ۰ڰ֣ºعάˣȥǰɡ
Ҷºƨ
ۿº뿪ߵҶߣ֧ɡ
Ҷ۵ͷ̾˿ҹǵҲòĶȥ
ϣĽֵضʵˣ𵽴СҶ۶Գ¹ڴСһЩûڴͲʧ
ҶۣʵҹƳºҲסǱ˯ˣ˰ɱ
ͷӪôˣм̽Ҳ
㲻ȥĻʹ⸽϶Ҳ˵š
ҶЦЦҲãòݶǲμʵս
ܲһֱɯǰͷ
򴽣˺ü˵ҿһֱǰͷ
Ҷļ磺ֲģҲ已̥ԼҪǵԼ㿴ң˯Ҿʹ𡣡
ǣһ´ǡ
һֱǰˣ

ʱֻԼ˸ֲ߳جΣϤľڳ˿̺˰ҵˮ
洫˽ŲԼͷ
ǵŮͷƤȻ֪Σ̲סһȷȷϡ
ȻָԼͷȴͷǺĲ
άŸƣӲתͷű˴ƿһϤģ־ڡ
ˣڣЦſţôϵˣ㲻ϵңϲϵþϣ
ʶ֮ǰֶΡ
ߵߣӸµĿţֱҺôҲ벻ôġ
֪Լӣƹˤ˵ֵͬܣȻҵѴ㣬ԸһӶÿֻĩҲܻȥһۡ
ʹļףפر߹Σ㣬δѡ
Ŵ𣺡ҲҪΣӵܣڴ˴Ҳùӵܵӣ
ܲŵؿӵܵӣӵܵʲôӣÿдЩƨͨ£Ϊţȴά֪ӣ
Цǣ㿴ӵܣֵܣȲ֪ҵĿ࣬㲻Ҫͬ˵ЩˣΣɱңһ彻
㲻֮һˣ̲סЦǣϲܵ壬ﲻϣ
Ů֪Ůˣɱգۣ³º
Ī˵ºǸģ飬ҲɱԼ
ҳºҪҲֻӣְ
ų¹ʮǳأЩǳص̫ضˣºɱ
һۣ
ſڵĳº鸴ӵĿųܴӷ
˶һۣܴӳºϿȻ
ߵһԣ˵ϣٵˣ˵֮䷨ҪӣȥҾҪˣ
º̾˿˵ΪҲ֪Ҹʱ˵ҵĿȱңң˭Ϊ٣˭˰ι䣿ֽǰ׶
ҸҲ˵Ŀ㲻ӵ
ɼȻѾĿʲôʲôǣôܲӵأ
ŭɺޣЩ˶ɺޣɱ
º̾Ϣܵܣֻһˡ
̹֣ΪϾң
ǣŸõΣ
ܺţҲ֪˵еºɱǳºҪҷһº͵һ֮ˣ˵ǹһ̫ء
º˫Ŀ¶ɱƶҲɱұɱɣڡ
˵Ķԣ˭ȭͷ˭еǶʮƣҷòɣ
ܵܣºץס֣ܵڣȥ
Ĺģֻгˡ
ҶŲºࡣ
ҲۿԸΪЧڡ
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Ϊʲôе飬ʱľôദ
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䲢ôֻʮ˼ңӶͷٷ̵ĶƬǵݣҲûʲôѼ࣬żһֻǱһĲƲ
Ժˮ˼ҷţһЩ⼷˼ûôף𣿣ˮȡ
ںһŴǸͲСŮˣ߶µ˵үʵûʲôˣҼͷɻȡ
Ů˵⣬ڻкӵĿ
һֻˮˣҪֻһ˽ȥͷţģҵˮ
ֹһŲڱ򿪡
һϸ˵ڳ߷Χڡ
һű˪ƤѣǸɺԵذǹ֣촽ü۶ţֻܿǸˣǿ⡣
ЦҸȥ
ϸЩֵ̿صͷ࿪С˵룬ªдܡ
תͷ˼ʿһۣǾԭصţԼϸ˽˷š
ӣŵһùζ˵ʲôζ
ľͷ÷ùζֲ˱ζʵ㲻Ϻš
ֻһ㵾ݵġϣӣĿ߰꣬СĹƲųãӶһԴһֵĴӡ
ǻǿޣϸˣôˣԻ˶ӣ
ϸҡͷǶģǺˮȵġ
ϸ˼ѵسЦЦȥˮͰԺȥǴˮ
棺ҿֵʳôȥԺûд𣿡
ϸ˾ִٵҡͷʳûдˡ
һ㶣ûдǽô
ϸҲЩãЩݸԸһһհɡ
̾˿ϸƺҲûж֣ж࣬궼ôģȥˣӦҲܻɣ
ӿҲûзӦǾĳֻ֪Ųʳԡ
Ѿɵˡ
ϸ˴̨óˮͰľ峤̲һЩط˶ñⵣľͰֻЩ˺ſڵıүߡ
ɡϸⵣһֱΪԼǸӲˣɿȴ̲ס
ϸæ˵ˡˡѱⵣҰɣҵö
ò֪ԷƽͷǼʿܾģǽǿǳ浣űⵣô죿
ǾԳŲүǵģ
ҵȥıⵣȴֲֻ̫ۿ󣺡ˡҰɣһм
治ζǴױݸϸˣҳȥˣ㲻øˮҰѱⵣľͰͻЩ͵ˮĳ͡
㰲ģ鷳治ȥϸŴãʱֱ߳ӡ
ʿǿæһߵˮԡ
ľͰǣǴˮ̲סʣЩĵ׸ɹʲôŭԹ£ϰôһǾ͸èƵģ
ʿΨֳæ˵ɲأǸմӾ͸žϳûϰգǰҲϰգ
棺ϰյʱµ𣿡
ʿǻ࿴һߴˮһ˵£ô¡
үɱҲû¡ʿ¶µı飬ǼǮ˵ǮнǾ˵ˡ
棺Ǿû˹𣿣
ʿŭС˵Լ˹ܵġ
˶ˣǰѵɱˣҲûʲôã˸սġ
淭˸ۣҲǵġ
ʿһ㶣ǸʲôģôҲû뵽ǵġ
û˵ʮͽ˾ӪǶǲộĸϰҲû𣬱˵аŮ˭ҪǸϰһһߣǶҪãҪӾӪϳȥһӶҪ۵㡣
棺У
ҪǾϺú£һݲɨɨ£Լ˶ܲãǿ
ǿƨ
ʿ˿ĭ
ף׵ĺ

ϸСش˴ӣ֪ôģв϶ͬȻҲûֲϡ
ӣĶŽæҡ
ոմ򿪴ӣŵһζʳζζ
ϸ˰ѴĶóŴӴ͸߿ȥ
ʮӲӵıӡ
ÿһ鶼
ϸ˽ǣûгԣֳ˳Լա
ʹǰĶģշΡ
죬͵͵


103 
խϸ˿ϵױǹζ㱵Ĳš
ţȥãҲûгԽֻôɵ㶵ĶһһҲ
ˮû֪
Ϳˣһ˯
Щǲʲôӣֱľ⴫˵
ϸŻعһ̣Żص˼䡣
ϸվһʱȣˤڵϣҺʱסء
ĶûʲôǺõġǹʱеģȱһ飬ҡҡλΣʯͷҲȡ
һ䷽ӣֻһҡҡλȱǵľƽǾ͹߳Է
ԲԶǡɲݵڵϣһƴ˴յƤëǱӡ
⣬ǴʳľͰľͰз϶ʳܳǱƲľͰһΧɼˣʳҪֻڵؽѴš
ؽһֻľͰﻹһЩӡ˳ϰ¡
ƽǷڴӰض׸Щһһ㡣
ɱҵҲ࣬ıԽԽ٣ٹգǱʳֻɽˡ
ϸ˴ţվŵͬһƤѣ̡̬
ǿŶˣȽоֻʮˣɿֻʮˡ
˵ˣһڲǱүû°ɣ
ǼҿиȻֻ꣬ûԵģҲˡ
ϸ˿Լ˵ͷҡҡͷˣݵĲǱүǸۼҵˮͰˮ
߳ţˮķһۣȴûпˮˣֻ˷ˮԵľͰͱⵣ
ϸ˲֪źңС˵ҽ
˵ţקסɷ䣬ݣվſҿľš
һݱŵһζ˳ζȥľһƲӲӵı
ǡ˿ĭ
ϸС˵ǹҵģ˵Ǹҵĳ͡
̲ŵ˵ˮĳͣ
ˮֵʲôǮⲻȱˮ
ǵˮã򾮶ܳˮط֣ƺһܷա
ǳ¹ˣƬĵء
ǲûеõظĵĺôֻĻ
м俪ʼÿĴһαΣٱΣȥĴ
ŴƬȴԲӡ
̵̫󣬳˺ǡ
ǵĺһ꣬һ꣬һ꣬ɳǸģʣӶûѧ˵˵̫ˣû˵޾ͺķе
кҲŵζӡŽܵԣץס°ڣͷһֻ໴ĳ캰Ա
ϸ˿̡
˿ĭıһС飬СطŽԼ
ںϸ壬ûɰȵʵĶȻζ
һûԹζûףȻҲͲ֪ʲôζһڣ̲סȫ
ϸ˿̻ʵӣΨҭסæȥ˱ˮ
ıæϸ˵ͷԣǳԣҲԣ
һôء̿ʮǿһ֮ơ
ϸˣȥֱ
ǲҶԣôֻһȻСҲ֪ǺöǳԵóһ˶˵̻ʵű
ǻڵϵı
ĸҲֻŲȥЩӡ
ЩüǷľͰô죿
ϸ̾Ҳޱĵطܷˣ㳱ɣҲܳԡ
˶ӣ̲żӻͳһѲϣ򿪺һӡ
յġ̲̾˵ҲȥˣҲûˣֻԼɡ
ϸ˳ĬΣô
ļ磺ⲻǻôأԶˣ
ϸˣЩأ
̣Ҳˣʳܹ꣡
ϸˣҪˣʳȥ°
ȥܰȫǽӼãЩ󻧣ĳԸӼЩʵھӣȥǷµʳ껹ǻϣٽ裬˼Ҳˡ
̲˵ˣ˺һ̲˵뵽취𷢳
̸̲£ֻʣ˵ǸģǹҵѾͷ
ϸˣŲѾͷ񽫾
ЦǲѾͷҲС㣬й񽫾ģ
ϸҲ֣Ӹߣôߡ
˱ȸ߶ȡ
һô߰
ϸ˵ͷѵüˣЩ˷ܵ˵ƾأҿͷЩүǸˡ
̣ۼôȻǺˣؿˡ
ЩҲȫǻġ
ϸˣҪͺˡ
Ҳǹһˡ

㣬ϰղŵģ浽˴̵ʱϰղϣλսصӪĳųºһٿ磬ܶûŹôǸܺԼıнֹҪ㣬ȥˣ
˺ȿˮ磺ûȺڻӾ޸ƼΪϰղҪ
ƨ
浽˴̵ʱϰղԴϢæڻʣϰո˽⵱̬֪ܲˣڻûϰգӾͷӬ
ºͳѵøһ
˶ͷ˿Щǡ
ҶųˣʵʵĻصԼǾԲȥùͷģοҲó˵ˡ
淢йһͨйԺ˵Ұúÿúѧѧд档
Сʣ¹
棺ʮ͵ˣҴ̱Ŷ࣡
ȻԼλụ̂ԴӳΪλԱ󣬴̾Ͷ
ֻ飬ûʵʲĽȷʵо顣
ģǻģսҲǻģ浽սϣȵľ˭Ӧ䡣棬ĶҪòˣȻ飬飬ƨûС
º˿ԼֵܣΪĬ롣
ƨֶ˵ˣ֪˵һΣ֪Ķ
ºҲЩ棺¹Ҳ
ͷһͨˣƽˣҲôͱˣƽľ˵
ºˣϣŮҲܴ̣
ǣ˭أ
ѵܸԣ
˱ºʮΪʲô֧Ŀ־壬æ˵ʣҲֻҪ֪ǵľҪ٣ľҪеӣòǰ׳Եġ
Ϊ˱Ϊ˱ϰա
ǵĶϰ֣Ǿ磡
̾˿ǰȡģаûñ򣬿ٹЩ꣬ȻȻˡ
ϰûйûйʿ˹Ҳûй

治֪˾ôģƺںΣԼ˺͹ҵġ
ºæɫҡ
һζһŮд
棺ΣⲻһϦ֮µĶенֹϰµģѵĿˮޣ̵ʱǾͻ֪ϢҲտڲԡ
ǽ飬Ӧ֪սжء濴ܣ㲻ȡ˾ͻȡ
濴º㣬ͣµİնΪǼ㲻ȥǳأϰҲܰЩǳ
ºɴ˫ۣǡ
棺ȻСϰգ϶ҧֻҪԸΪһĿһǰ˵壬ҲƷ
ֻڻʶѡ
ϰյûûͷҲû˼ָ
棺ҪһǳأֻҪϰ㣬Ը׷㣬ҵ취ȥ򿪳š
Ĵͣڳ⣬ҲΪ㴫Ϣʱ˶Ӧ㻹дӮ̣ղصĳǳ𣿡
ºɵˣһۣĻͬͷȣ
оԼδôѹ
ֻȡǵ֧֣ûйա
ʵǰܣֵֻغ͸ɿûǻۣҲûм崫С
ڣĻĴţһֿԡ
ҺศɣȻжԡ
ҪάԼȨҪάԼȨ
ԳǾͳһĿ꣬ǵ֧ǲȡģȡˣҲû֪ʲôʱᷴһ
ϰգǺȡġ
ºûգҲ֪ϰҪٶٳԱŮܹȵӣûдǵļܹúöա
¹¾иˣºվ°ݣܵҲһ𡣡
ڰ֣ҳȥˣڸһߡ
˵꣬Ҳºͳܣƿ߳
ǰǧĶЩƼݻڵɻˣһȭߵ
߿ʿǲſǿŻ㡰׳СλƵĴҹĵطѣȻһߡ
˿ĭ
ȭͷҪԴϣֱӰɣ
ûлصϢߣôλ棬ȴδô߹
ΪôʵڿߵȥаŮҲǸϸ˵鴥ĵһ⡣
ûǰߣҶ۵һȥͶҶۺϰ壬µĹʻûöԲԣ¸µҲԤ֧ˡ
ҶۿԤ֧ʲôʳ
ͷﲻ׼ȥһɢͯӡ
ɢȥˣˡ濴Ҷ۵۾ϰ壬Ҿһء
Ҷ۵ǲȰҪʲôγʹ˲ʳ
棺׺ĶС
ҶۣУһյأҰѶó
ҶۿǿԼҲ֪澭ı࣬Ӧòڿ˾Ͳܲˣ϶뵽˸йصĶ
Ȼɥʧǣ¾ûʲô˵ġ
οĴûʲô󻧣ʳҲõʳٱߡ
㶼ǮϰĲǮҲСҶ˵ɣҳһ롣
ʱ߽ҲڣҲһ¹ʡ
һɯҲ˵Ҳ
Ĳݶ̽Դʣʲô
ɯ֪Ͷˡ
ݶŶһȻô˵Ҳˣֻ˵Ҳ
ܿ죬ĹԱǶˣǸ֪ʲôҲ֪Ҫʲô
Ҷֻܸǽ͡
ԭҶΪЩԹĹԱԸѹʾȥϾԹܹͻԼӵеģԣǳǮǲС
û뵽ԱǵǶܴ󷽣ǲݶˣҳģʣҳԱС
Ҳ˵ˣҼҳһ˰Ĺʡ
ģˣҼҲһ˰ġ
ҳµİɣһȥѡ
ݶϴЦǮãܽǳԱã
ôϣӻĵʱҲ
û
ܰˣ񿴵ǰԼ
ˣҲԸЩʩԮ֡
Ҷ΢ԾЦЦҲô࣬ɣһ˰¹ʣ͹ˡ
ôԱ¹ʼҲ飬׷۲֪٣һӵ˹һԱӵӲ⡣
ǻֺ֣ã֮Ҳ̫ѹ
Ҷۣ棬¾ȥɡ
ҶҲΪõذ̰ᡪϾֻͣһҹ
һҹǺЩٲ򽻵
Ȼˣ¾ɣûʲôɹǵġ
ڴǲ飬ǲǻ̰ģνˡ
Ҷۿ档
˵ͷá

ԼҴǸСӣûˣֻΧļͨ飬ֵֻأûб졣
˴Ҳʲô·˭ҼȢ
ȢҲûл磬Լ˴һԶٷˡ
Դ峤Ұţ˵д·ʱ򣬴ĶǡҪˣ
˻ȴ峤˵ʲô±ö˶һӿ޳ˣ峤ˣ潻ˣٽһֻҿʯͷײͰûˣû˰
峤źϵᣬȫûӵʹȾһ˷ܣǹǣͣǴϵĹˣ˵ҪҪǮҲҪˣɶҲҪ
أ峤󺰵أ
ԭأӵ̶ԼСʣ峤˰ɣ
ôģΪҪЩʳ
峤һۣˣ
Ҫ죬ȥĶ
峤ָһյأʱѾˣЩֻ۾ȥ
ǿǿյ߶˵Ųٶɿ徿ʲô
峤ҲǶ໰һ䣺һҪȥһԼȥ
˵꣬ͷҲصıһҡ
Ѿûôˡ
Ϊ峤ֻܿżҼһ½Ǽﵱ˲֪Ĵ峤үүǣҲǣǼÿ궼ȥ˲ʳ֪Щʳղġ
ɲ裬ֲЩȥ
û飬ʶ֣һ֮ùǣǶ
Ļʲô壿ʲô


104 
ʱ°ճԵʳֻС׻׺͸ֶӣ¹ٷģҲܰС׻ɴס
ǳԵĲˣҲҰˣֻҰˡ
Ǿ͸ᣬܲܳ⣬ÿܴܲũļݣ㽫ԸǮ⣬ҲǾܳԵǸܳԵ
ܳԵģǽߵױҲֻǳζ
ҪһС׷ǶǷǳݳ޵ˡ
ǳԲģǺݣΪҪʱ䶼µظɻϣûʱȥչ࣬ûʳȥ
ûʱͼȥԡ
ݶǾ͸ţˡ

º˳кÿڴ¾ǵԷʲôܳԣʲôúóԣڳºյþȵʱʮﲻֹ
ܶ˶ʮҡ
ºҶۣҲ춼ܳԵ⣬ܳԵҲ⣬ûʲôζѬɣǲȱεģ⣬ʲôζ϶ûС
ҶۻܺʣζĲʲô
ºӾӵʳǰ䣬ҶԶ
һգǰţƬھóպ⽴ԡ
ⶼϡ䡱ӶУ뵽ʳжʳͲɫжѷ
⿵ĶͭģǸնãԺܿܳһڲˣȻ³һͭ
ִһͻζṩζӣҲûζΪûϣǳֻܳԵζζûаζ
ҶûȥǷʳǱҪѾ̫ԸȥװŪˡ
Σۡ
ȷζһȸǽͲĳºһò͡
Ҷ۵˹ģºԷڸõĻԵһ춼ֻͣҪӻеλӣ;Բͣ¡
Ϊ·ҶûʲôθڣûôǽȫΪ˷ѣҲ˳Լʣųġ
˻ʣһκͳºһԷʵڳԲˣշ¿ӣºǲǲˣ˲ԵĻܲԣ
ԺֻҪǸºһԷҶ³ԳˣҲҪķԹ⡣
ºѹȹˣòֽ˲Ժ󣬸Ĵ˸ã̫Щɬס죬ȻС˵˿Цˡ
Ҷʵڿȥһѽͺͼ㣬ܴܲ㼦ĲϾͿˡ
üҶܲ鵽ϣȷִֹļܲܺ͹ҵļȣ϶ֻκõöࡣ
Ҳ㡣ҶۣҲ򵥡
⣬ûбȱ㡣
º̾˿ʵǣʵ֮ǰ߲֪侹ʣ
ҶȰ˾䣺ºٳԵɣ㵽ͣûܰϳ
ºܷ忴ŵãѾԲһ۾ҲСˡ
Ҷ춼ܿҲҪΪһˡ
º߲̾ж
˿϶ʣǰǶԹ
ʱûˣ¹ֲᣬûˮɬڣеζڷۣҲû䣬ܲƷζȫ
ҵ˷䳲ɵ۷䣬ҲһѹѳԵ
ԳºڵǳԵģ
˺׷ԣJʳҲԡ
Ҷ۳ԲµʳֻҪøºܳԸɾ
ڳºǴǣ˸ɰԶдǡ
ߵĶԵĶ˯֮ǰҪԼš
Ҷ֪ºճ󣬾ԼԸִСҲǶԲϣζֻΣԵִܵ˶ԣƹҰҲ˶١
šҰˡӣˡ

󺰵ŶӣŶӣ
ǰǴӼľͰٿȵһпװʳĴǡ
Ǽȫһջ·ĺӶһȱ˿ڵ룬ǲ֪Ŷʲô˼ֻϵĳǰӵؿŰڿյϵġʳ
ǲϵЩʳʲôŵʳ׵ζ֪Щӵĺö˷˷ĳǰ
úˣҲάֻܰѴ峤еԼɳƵ˵ʵ㣬ųɳӣͺоһ
ʳͲˡ
һ仰ϴ峤ŵɫҰףæԼļһȥά
ϴ峤Ļõġǿ׳ĶҲãϴ峤ľ¿ʼŶӡ
һˮʼͲݶһǷ
ƤװõģȻǴʢðƤӲٷѿӷƨôԼͥΪλ
ܺãܿټ䣬ֻÿͥԵǸˣԷ֮졣
ϸڶĩβǵĺǴﺢļͥ
ȻǶԽԽ࣬ɻ̫ˣΪøຢӻͱ
ܶ߰˸ӣɻֻһ
̫ˣǿʳжڷ纮գڸĸ
ԼǶһֱ˿ڲûࡣ
෴˿һֱ½ġ
ϸ˻ﱧСĺӣЩĺһһ룬ĶųƤӣԼЩڰдӴ©ס
ЩСѸĸֺͻܵʰϵֲһ֪ûо׽
æסЩӡ˭֪ûм߱ණǾôԽ
һΰѴ峤йԺԼˮֱӺȾˮҪտٺȡ
Ҳ˵ѧֻô峤Ļ͵ˮйʩӵ䣬ҪֱӺˣȻḹкʹ᳤ɳӣֻûչԺɢЩ䡣
ĺǲǳк巢Ⱥʡ
峤̵ͷæ˵ǣˣˣ
棺ǱǺ˲ɾˮУƽʱԷǰҲҪϴ֣гͳѣ˰ѳѳԽѾͻ˵ʱѪﶼǳӡ
峤ŵõɴ۾棺ǲ̿ܿ࣬ŲҲںֻܵʱǣҲǵ¡
˷ģҶǣٺˮҪտܺȡ峤Сʣչˮ̫ˡ
棺һˣ
峤ԽԽСɷˣˮ죿
棺
˵ô࣬峤Ϊˮܺȣˮˮ
һ޹أֻйˮܺȡ
峤ˣлˡ
ǲɳںһ뿪ӣǰԶǸɽأԹ˽ֻУŹǲһˡ
ͼ߹
Թ֪ǲ֪²Ѱ
ϴ峤ļ򣬿Էͷ׻ææ⣬޵̽ͣΪʵڲס
ϴ峤æ˵С϶ʮжˡ
ãȻˣʮϵҲ̫˰ɣ
ϴ峤Щ⣺ĴС϶٣Ȼʮжɸ첲Ȼ
һҲס
ϴ峤ͷǣǣӲùأ
ÿһʳͺˣϴ峤üǵٺãҲǽӣվջʳһأأﻹʳ£
С˵·ܼͷүǣҲ˵˵ǵĲס
棺İɣ
жأж٣
һĲƸ붼ϰõ׵
Ҫºֻ֣ܳҲ幫ҪˣɸҲǿҪǿҪǾҪˡ
ϸŵǰͷɶԼɷҼˣ¸ʳҲһϸɵսľ
Ųӣֻܷ˰ʳݹٿϡ
ðƤӽ̣۶ĸˣ̲ס˵˾䣺ô£ģ˵ġ
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ô԰ɣϸЦɷ򣬡඼ûУĲԹûСˣ
̣Ҿôһ˵ҪСˣҳȥɽһߣˣܲҵЩˣɹˣҲܳԾһЩ
̣ÿ񡣡
ϸ˵ͷʰһʳͻȥ
̣Ӧõģĸǰǽ˲ʳ
ܳŵڣ峤ģҲϸиңȻҲܼһʳӼǣζܰôġ
Էӱ룬ľԼ̫࣬ˣ̵ٷ壬᲻ð³ôǿţ̵۾ﶼðỨ￴̡
ϸ˿ȥֳﱻ̳ݣεû룬ȳˣľǩӣƾͺˡ
ӵͷ࣬ԣֲҳԡ
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Լǿ˽Ҷһ·͵һ·ɢͯӣԼ裬ҲûзŹº
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106 
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Щ˶ͽ͸˵ġг衱ȴǺΨһ̵
ǰ·ŲӣչֱۣסԷˡ
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ҲвԸӻǰӵˣҲܺýֻҪѺ߾ˡ
ң͸ˣС
ŮӵƸ٣ӣҲˣԳ¹ĹºĽãˡ
ΨºһȻһֻ֮һλˡ
ΪԷ˵ĸжϾǰûô棬Ϊ˵ĸ˳¹˹ĵһ塣
żų¹ʮǳأ˵ĸ彭ϣų¹ʮǳء
ȻЩǳض󣬵ǣôѾܰˡ
ºӭȢˣҲΪ˸Լ룬οǸˣ˳Ժޣ顣
ºСöԷԶ׹
ۿԶߵǰºųԶ˾չˡ
ԶߵߣЩãȻĿˡԷӺܸߣݣɫãҽʿˣš
̷¶첲£¶СȵĿӣôô֡
·ͿӵϼãҲϸƽϵˡ
Զ״ս˿Գº˵ûʲô£ֻҪһʱ䡣
º˿˵ܵȽڴ˴Ϣ
ʱȣҲû̫ʱ˽ԼֻһױˣöԷΪ˽⡣
ºҶ۵ûиһȥ
谭ѾˣºܷΣǲҪˣбȽϺá
ʿڴ뿪ԭѱ䣬սʿһš
Ҷ̾ΪֹʿӦе𺳡
˼ϵļûȡԶֻȥҶҪ񣬱ϾܱߵİռƻɾԶ׽ʱЩһֱü
Ҷ۰Щֵʣôһֱüģ
Զ̾˿Һæ
ҶۣȻǱǰ漸λæһ㣬Ҳϰࡣ
Զ̾ΪɻҲģȻҴԭλͺˡ
ԭλӦҲҽҶʡ
Զ׵ͷ̾Ӱ࣬Ĳ˼Ҫҽ֣ҵӵǳʲôѧҽҾֻҸȶӡ
Ҷۣˡ
ԶͷԼࡣ
Ҷۣ
ȻԶ׺ܲԸɻлʱҲѣûʧְĵط뱧ԹԹɣϰģĻǵС

˱źӣûǰЩˣЩ˵Ŵ죬ôǳ¹ˣ֪κһЩŮŮԳһɣȫͬ
Ҳ̫ģɷǲ޷ε˵ġ
ĻﻹǵĶӡ
ЩֻºһӣиӣǺӻδȥˡ
ͳºͽۿڶˣ˰ӻøƵġ
˲þšµױС˵ϵλǾϵˣдͨ˺;϶ܷ׻
δ˵ʲô̫ӵȤĸ׵Ļױױˮ֮𣿡
ױæ˵ӡ
̫ӵͷȥ˵л
˿ױױС˵̫ףѩĵлҲϲ̫ӡ
˵ͷվźߵˡ£ͷӣʵڿԷɡ
û룬ǳȴû˳ʣˣҳķӡ
΢΢ˡ
̫ͷ˵ˣ˳¹̫ӣҸ£
ҶۿͷлС㣬ͻȻ˵Ȥ
⺢ӵӣƻ꣬˵Ǵ˽̵ġ
Ҷ۷ȳº˵˲ضɡ
˵ſ̫ӣЦʣ̫Ӻ𣿡
ҡͷҲ£;˵ǳ¹δĹҲ¡
˵ҲãҪô֪仰˼ҪôѾ仰۵ĹС
ҶЦ̫֮ǰڹΣ
𣺡ͽҹ޹һֱźҵĹŮ裬Щûˣбңȥ
Ҷ£۾ƽʱ𣺡̫Ӳ£
ҡͷ¡
Ҷûסͷ˵̫Ǻúӣ϶Ϊ
ĺӣֻҪᣬӦǻȳºʺϵһġ
ǰܻǸʱ
ȻʣˣҾ𣿡
Ҷۣǡ
΢΢ƫͷ˼ܿ˵˻Ḩ𣿡
üǳ
ҶЦ˲ضŭۣҲǻ¡
ǾҪ㽫ܲܵþˡ
΢΢ͷҾǸþ𣿡
˼ֱѶӵס
Ҷۿų۾˺ͣƬ˵Ǹˡ
Ŷһƽ˵Ƕô˵
Ҷۺ̫ӽʲôˣ
𣺡ˣǿǿǿ԰
ɫɷף֪˿۵ĻǱŵġ
ҶЦúӡ
С˵Сԣ֡
Ҷ۰ڰ֣˵Цˣʱӱȴ˵
ºιһ֮ȴһССͣѾ¶Ķӡ
¹ֵܼӳ˵
ȻСѾ֪ڴڵ֮ڡ
Ҷ۶Ժ˵˰Ѻĺܺá
ĸԶǺӵһλʦºƳľô̻̫ӵģӦλˡ
˼ѵЦЦ
Ҷ۳Զ׺֧𣿡
Զף֧ˣˣɣҸμ˿ڡ
Ҫź뿪̫ȴĶҶȻ˵ˣΪӣҪĸˣĸκúˡ
ҶۺЦȥɡ
ź˺̫߽Ҷ۲Ŷ˵ˡ
⺢ǳº˵һʴġ
˵ӣǳºһĳɾ͡


107 
ڵ˴ϣδ˯صĴʹȣϵƺ޹ؽҪ㲵ҽʿ⿪·żܵѪۡ
μһ̣̲סӡ
һֻ޷Ϻһš
̫ӳԶ׶ǰͱᱧ˳ȥ
˿ڣȫǺ濴ͷϴϢ
Զ׶ʱ䲻ҪԷ˿ûȫǰҩҲˮϴʪӲһ
ءšһһʣҽʿҵ˿ڷˣ
Զ׸˾飬˲֪ԭǱԭûļʧȥֻ֪һֱûпڣֱμʱԶײ֪
Ҫ崴ͷϣûʱٽ
ȫԼ־ͦ˹
Զ׵ͷԡ
˼ǴӳݷＷһ⣺¹ҽʿз񣿡
Զ֪ʲôͷ˵ԣǿߺͲ˿ߡ
Զ״ԼҲǵһμʲôЧԼӲſμͷϵĲˣҲ˶Ժ˶־⣺ǵʩ꣬ߣܿϾĿҲ󣬶ǵҲС
ͷʹѣȫ룬ȴ˵лҽʿзܱûӺá
Զ׵ͷڵͣҼֵȶܶණ뵽ˣҲУҽѧչн
ʱҲûʲôҽѧҽʿֻܿžץҩʱ㲡ˣҽʿҲ֪һζҩκ˶Է´״ƵĲˣֻܰѿҩȫٿһΡ
κõ٣Ķࡣ
ǻСëܿԼζ
ԶȻҽҽû˽⡣
ҽҽڷչ·ϣҪô˵ȥ
ҽҲһʼϵͳиֶʼ˿ʱ򣬻Ʊҽ̨̨һѹڿ
һ̨ˣҽΪ١족еֵָʧѪ˱еֳ˸Ⱦ̨һλڱŵಡͻȥ
һʰٷ֮ٵƣҲҽѧչıؾ֮·
ƵֶܺùûС
ʱܶʿʵսս˿ڸȾѪֹ
ֹܹѪ¼λа취Ǻõġ
Զ˵һõķЩǵĹ졣
֧壬Զ׵ллҽʿ
Զ׿һۣת߳
Ҳڻ˯˹ȥ
˯òȣǰܻǼͨʿġ˽ˡ
ֻǼΪ˻̫ӳڼµļʿ
ıǼ⻹ŨŨѪζ
ζ޷ɢ
ûˣû޵ʱ򣬾㸸Ҫūͣϳȥ
˼޺ҲͳºһûͳǣߵĹŮĽá
Щö׵ĺӣֻǵĸūͣԳɲ˺һĹŮ
ǴСһ𳤴󣬹ϵ׽òǾ㷸Ҳ᲻ôǣ˵ɱǡ
ڹرף˴δɱˣۼ
ֻҪһ仰ͻ˰¡
جбѵģʹľͷʹѡ
ʱ򣬳˽֪ʲôʱˡˡ·¶ϸ첲ϸȣͷСŮ
ֻǿԺ¶Ц
ѹһɽ֪Ǽˡǲǻš
ʿѾˣֻ֮ȥշǵļˡ
ϣˡܻܸĻᡣ

Ҷ۴ȵڣڵȵ˹Ŵڴ򿪡
ŵһ̣ĲеΡʱѾݻˣͱϽǸûȣܺȡ
һȥֻһƽƽ֮ʯɵС·ӡ
ΡĽҲʮ֧Ĵ
ʱǱ鲼ʬ塣
ܻԡѪϵƤױ˵ѪʪʿҲضá
ֻʣ¶ڽ䣬ɪɪĹŮǡ
ˡܿ첽ߵҶǰЩκң˲ȥţƷ̹꣬жţǳ軹Ǳģ
ҶȴûдӦ˵ֻҪһء
æ˵УϷԸˣҪҽ˴ȥǺõط
ҶۻҪģʱºƶҪæ£ҶҲż
ºûǸˣ֮ǰҶۿԴȨ϶޶ë޶ˣٿųͨչ
ܽһױҶǹȥںˡ
ܣӦ벻ҽߣд๬޷סˣҲýҽʿڹС
˵ţܴӻͳһ壺֮壬¡
Ҷ۳ݶһۣݶǰӹǿ
ҶۣҾʹźˣ̫أ
С˵̫ӻǸĸ׸á
ѱ䲻֪ж˲˽ȥºǺƢҲ˽һһһ޿ˡ
Σһã¹˶ѪˣҲ붯ˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷࡣ
æ˵࣬࣬ࡣ
Ҷ֣æɡ
Ҷ֪ߣܾͲת˵仰Сȵȵȡ
úĸȥ
ڻˣֻɳ汧ȥ
Ȼû˵ʲôԶ׻ǾãʱŮ˵ԱԼǽܲ˵ġ
͸ĸԣʵҪǣԼһһúܺãҲȡ
ҶۻĹ۲𡪡
ҲҶ۵Ŀ⣬ҶԱߣʣϲ
Ҳ֪ϲ𣬻ϲӡ
ҶЦ˵ֻǺ棬ѧ˵ӣѾ֪˴ʲôġ
ƽ˵öˣ㲻Ҳѧˡ
Ҷ仰֮СʱҲСˣ
ҡͷǶ£ֻǶ淨򡣡
ӵѧϰǿǾһԿֱһԼס
¶ĺӣҲ֪˻Ӧȥ˭Ҫʱȥ˭ǲҪ˽һеԭҲҪ˼ֻÿܡ
ûѧ֣Ѿֻ֪Լȭͷĵ
ʱ̫Сˣɱ˵;ģҲûܺͳ˿
ץסʱ֪Щ˲Ļᡣ
СʲôֵǮģ
ֻ١
²˵˯ܵǮѾǼ˵ˣǱߣ׵һܻȥֻԶԲûɡ
ϲҪǵʱǾͻᱻߣƶǣǵᱻ˵壬˵
ЩԭӵߣֻᱻӽһӵУһΪǸϡ
ԭδ
ûиĸУܽΪʲôӤʱû
мͻ켣ƶڣĿȾɥʧԺϵƶڵ˻Ϊһ鳤ëıɴ֡
ʱҲƤͺͼŮǵĺҲǵĻ
һļŮΪգǰһסڷ絲ĵط
Ů̫ˣûܸ飬ͺܿ御
ҲûʲôһƤƷӣʲôҲû
ԺͳƶĹ»ҰЩû߹ҶۣЩֻڶŽġ
ʳԴܵһɱˡ
ЩϲżҲƶߣǻϲǧƪһɣܹˣƶѰҴ̼
ƶǾǻʵۣ˶ֺǣϣܱǿУ˼ϲ˻Ҳʵһѡ
ŮֻҪ㹻ÿǾʣǾͻ󷢴ȱޡ
ڰƵСЩǰ쿴²˽š
ѡȥ֣ͱɫͿ壬ںڰĽ䣬˳
Ѿһɱʲôоˡ
ܱ־壬ĸ˷ܡ
ɱˣӣܱŮƤݡ
ʱǸû˵仰ļŮĸסȻΪϲЩĸҲ
ӶǶֻķϵĹߡ
׵ûͼıĸ顣
øҰȫܣϾǸӣεƶû֪ǼƶߵϲɱģҲм˫۾
ԭҲܼ򵥣ϾǽȫˣʲôûУӵԭʼʱ
йϸǲˣֻǵ˺ܾãȣֻԼĴϢһѵһƶҴܡ
Ǳץסˣץסһ̣ĵҲߡ
һ̣ûʶʲô
һɾ;һ˷
֪Լ
Ȼǲϸڣǵ˵Ļʱһÿƶûеطϴ裬ΪˮԴȱȵˮοϴˡ
һݣûһ˫ϽŵЬ
ûаô˻ߡ
û֪ԼģֻܲԷ˺ץŶԷӣѶԷ׵ȫץˡ
ŵԷϵζһɵĵζûŹֻûбζŵˡ
˵Ļ̾Ȼģֲǰңһɾ˻᲻򡣡
ûЩãȻܿ˵£ûˡ
ûˡ
֪ΪʲôֶֻѣȻ漣ıˡ
ǰһ˷һ̾Ȼһμ˻˯˹ȥ
ʱͲƶǸ϶û¶׵С
мһϴ裬һγԱӣһδϸɾ·ߡ
˻һ֡
ȻǸ𷢵ŮǻߣԣҸġ
˶ܺãǿǿһӣڿһѡ
ʱս񶷼ɣ˵ԭ츳ġ
Ϊڿ˰ҹͻ͵͵ϰ
ֻʱû˻뿪

ܰɡҶûж룬ˡ
ױһƬյءʵҲ㲻ϿյأΪﻹвԫϱڣԱߵĽľԿһ𣬻ӦòС
ױ͵һλ̵ĸۡϳǰһ𡣡
˷ģɥլ
Ҷ۵ͷšȻҵʱҲ˻Ƶա
ɸǮйص
լҲںοԷǾûеƭԼġ
ĵλӺܺãԱߵһ֣Ҷ۲˽ľ죬Ҳ֪ܽӵĶͨգһǸ󣬶ȻǣɱϾսʱڵǣķǳޡ
ֻнһƬǵ·ͨġ
ɡҶ۷°ͣʶİȥ˩
Ҷۻιöӡ
֪
Ҷûദʲôԡ
ʱһۣ֪ʲôͬʱʲôû˵Ѿˡ
ܾǺ֮Ĭɣ
ǰûѣûйϵôõѣһ߾棬һֺϧ
鰮飬˵һжġ
ЩãɾܵõЩãһӶ
ҪЩûǽ£ĲôܡҶ۶˵
ңǡ
ԱǺܿȻĸ
ڹ֣߳˲Сʱɾˡ
ΪѾˣǸɻʱҶֻܴǴͷǿĻһԼϡ
ҲΪ⣬İն߳ǽǿǡ
ߵġھӡҲ˴
ûһ˵˹ԱöʯǽûΪ졣
ϰﱻɾҶ۾óģʹСĳУ°ťͰѳз˿յм䡣
ҶҲ±ǿʵǰվɵѰĽĻܾкƽ
Ѿע˲ƽҲзֺ͸гº¹ܡĿŵһЩҲûʲô
ڰСʱָԭ
ݶһͺˡ
Ѿѳеɼˡ
ҲȲĳг˹ȥ
ǵżأƬҲöûˣ
Ϊûеط񣬹ԱֻȥֿϢҶֺһ˯Ϣҡ

ǸʲôǽǵŵɲҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪܳ˿ֻ֮ǰܳԼ
ǽϵĭɴ˫ۿŲԶӡ
͵Ĺ⣬Բǻ⣡ôƽȡ
񡭡ⷿӳǰЩͷĹ⣡
һǹ
ס죬뺰ȴҺֻǽˡ
Ҫ̻ؼң
й
ϵİһҹû˯ţǲ¾ϻϾǴҲ᲻סĵط
¹
һҹû˯ãȫû˯
ֻҶЩص˯ø


108 
컹δͳڵļžճڵĶƺǰʹڼʱ𴲣ֻ࣬ϸСϣĵߡ
ʹǵˮֻǴɨ£ʱͿʼæ
ϾǰռңҴ壬ûôأǸɻʱҲһ˵
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ŮС˵ҹǶЩʳ
Ϳܻǡ
ǻ࿴üпܡ
Ƿ˳ǣڵ˳ȥͷҲŮЩ˰ԵҪʲС
ƽԭֻгһӣũջᱳű¨ˡ
ũǲ㹻ιͳǰյʳġ
԰ǵĿҪ̡
ֻôӭˣǲ᳤ʱһطͣ඼ǱϸÿһطɢҥԣռϢͨԱ
ǲΪãûе壬ΪǮκ¡
ԹǼϲǴĻֺв
԰նԣ˻ǺϲģдһӶû뿪˽ⶼϴǣûˣǻȱٺܶණ
³룬ԹĲϣѬ⣬ûζ򲻵ġ
ϲɵˣ벻ˡ
²ϲˣ޲˶ӿͣΪ͵İմ˵Ļ
˻кθԽԽˡһŮ̾˿˺Ӻ󷴶ˣҲûˡ
Ů磬ͽѳֳʱ˾Ѿ˲١
磬Ǿó¹ҪңʰͲҵ뿪ˡ
Ķⶼ뿪ͣҲдѵطѡ
ԵĶҲ򲻵ˡŮֻ̾Ƕס
ԱߵС˵׼۸ء
͵һֱӸ߲£ȴߵġ
ûܵģܣһֵ˾֪ͽѳֳ죬ȫ͵İҲ֪ͽ
ʿǻϽͷһΪͽѳֳΪ޿ܳȥҪͽȡ
ʿǶԳºȻûжٹ֮ģҲΪºͳ¹ضͣ˳
ͽǸɵӣûлЩʿˣÿܵϴ
ʱһʿҲˣǱϾǶˣƤҲûʲôãˡҡҲԸǵġ
ŮСܳˣ˵档
ɻŮӰСŮͳ˵ҳȥɡ
ǮϡŮ̾˿򲻵㣬ЩɻɣҲᷢƢ
СŮ͵ͷ߳š
ҵͣĸֵһҵū͡
˵ū˵ǰǵĸС빫Сһ𳤴ҲǶģ£ҲǱص˲ȥɡ
ŮС·ϣͳǱո·߼ˣյĲ¥;ҲţŴϵĳޣЩӵ·ȥ
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Χũ컹δʱűⵣڳǵǽԽ
ѲߵļʿһǮҲ࣬ǶˣũǱ㲻ˡ
ǽûпһũˡ
ŮվԭأϵıÿɬԻкθڱֻԵýվȵ㣬ͷమӭȢ˵ʱ˵Ȣ˴Ůһ檣ġ
ɷ˼޽а꣬ò׻˺ӣȴȥ
ҲʳʣеūҲ磬·иô
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ŮͿ޲ܴһ㺬ᡣ
ôˣ·ӿСվǽ߿ޣǷЦĸСɾģ
ŮӣĨ˰۾Ҳ٬û
ӼԸԼȻеܳæ˵ˣôûȥˣǱߵ˶ڿ֣ķӼǱ˶࣬ȥǱ߽ˡ
ģŮ͵۾
ӣ΢΢ͷ˵һƭ㲻ɣʿǶȥˣվϹǣ˼ˣǶ˵񼣣ҲҪȥ
Ů͵ںʲô񼣲񼣣ֻںԼǸȥ
΢΢ϥʾл⣬̳ȥ
ԭûʲô˵ĽԽԽϣҲԽԽ࣬ˡһǴӼ͵ģǽʱĻҶϡ
ŮͿǰƨɺȫǻҵСɾҲЦ⡣
Сɾһһ˵ǾϹ𣿰ڼʲôѵϻɱ˲ɣҲҶ֣Ƣᶯˡ
˵ˣǼûͶ
ߣͶĶ󱲣޳֮ȣ
ϹǣǾ͸ô󷽷߳ǣ¹ϻˣϲ£
˼ңҾ˵ҷǽ
ʲôң

Ů͵ͷЦ
ߵϵʱŮͱǰһĻһô
˼һ𣬶³һǽЩз䣬Ҳнɾޡ
Ůһ۾Ϳ˵ŵӵ㷷̳Էȥ
㷷һվֺõЦ㣬ʣʱأ
ŮͶȥڿҼ֦㣬ĺɰͳǮңݹȥԺʣô˶ǳʲô𣿡
㷷ɫǺ˵ԭ˵լӣǱ˵ҹһˣǲˣͷ⣬һҹ֮佨һլӣͨլӲͬⲻˡ
ŮЩȣһҹ֮䣿
㷷ͷǣǶ˵񼣣Щլſڹأ
⻰ŮҲ뼷Ⱥ￴һּͣǵԼҪȥֻԥһϢǽŽҵķȥ
Ųɿ죬޲̻ؼңһž͸ϻ֡
㷷˿㣬㶼ˣʣµĶС㣬ҲٰȫĶϣⵣŲŲҼ뼷ͷլӾʲôġ
ԽＷĻԽࡣ
㿴Ǵӣɫģ֪ʲôģҲ֪Ĺա
йգ˵¹ⱭҪǳزܻɱ¹ⱭˣһȴӣͶֵǮˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôģݶƽղ»ѩ𣿡
ǽҲ˹⻬˹
һҹ֮佨˭˵Ҷš
˸ȥš
Ǵʱ˴λҪһɢˣ
㷷ζڻˮպ࣬һ·һ·˶òС
ڼȺǰͷĿɿڴŴ죬С̾Թԡ
û̾꣬ͺһӵžȻˣ
͸ųߴ򿪣εɣ˻̾Ϳһֵ˴ͷ߳ôλε¶첲ͷҲˣͷһ㷢硣
귢Ǹ̷˷һ֪ˡ
ôˡ
Ĳߴ󣬵ƾˣϴЦȻ¶ôֺͰֱ̧ȭֻŸ״ĶҲ֪ʲô
ǼȻƾˣҲǳģͨһֻ۾һͣ˲£˺ɾǴ˼ˣⷿνģҹǲͷľ޷
ȺߴߴͣǵļңҲûйǣǲΪԼܴΣУԼԷǿ͡
λһӰ״ĶŵߣӣվȺ˶塣
ǰˮ͹ڣȺڶݵİ̷ˡ
ǧﴫ
ҿ񣬿´ϰ䣬
ǹ˰ɣ˷죿
ҿȵĹͣ
ҿҲǣǰҾͷ֣£ȴߣȲ£Ĵ󡣡
ֻٴȣҲܷɣ
Ӽǲӳ£ֻ˵λҼ˵Ĳҵհ˵أǼʷģһ
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˵һֻ˵⣬Ҹտʼסǰ˶չˡ
˸˽ˣǵͼ۾ԭάô죿ǱжԴΪܾ͵١
ͲˣֻˮЩܳԲܺȵġϡ⡱
Ժ󣬸ĳСƣԼζ벻ġ
ͷ˺βʷȿ⣬пʵģǮˣ
ҺͷĶҪ۲ƣ亱˿Ǯ뿪ʱҵ
ǲŵģҲɽ
ӵ̤ҺҪϳȥ
˵꣬ұ˳С
ֻʣͰǴ۵СۣǶȥȴֶ뵱ͷǸ˸ߺڴ˴ʲôҪȥ𣿣
ȺиСɾ˳źɫӣģ˵ڵأվֱ˱ĸң
ͷĽ£ɾȥ
Сɾûӡ
ԣɾûӣҳ¹жɶͷ
ͷСɾҧ˸ѪͷﻹҪ˵ô£ǽȥͽȥˣ
˵ֱ꣬ͦ˱һηģͷһֻҪսŲᶨߵ˷ķǰ
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̨׵ǿߣСɾߵǰδüȥȲ֪յȥţͱſڵĹ⾰λ۾
ڵƹ֪õʲôѰڼնǻ谵ڷ￴ҲҪȾ϶ƣڲͷ
СɾֿԼ£ʯ̵ĵأɼˣû
СɾҪʹȥˣˣס飬ǰȥ
ҪʲôһЦӯӯŮӭ
СɾĿⲻķĸ첲ϣϸ첲԰׵ȥŵһԷϾȻһ˰̣
˰ԭ˱ÿɲ
Ҳ֪Լϵİŵ˶ԷЦ˵˷ģҲǴˣǴˣߵõοͷôˣĿ֮£ʲô
Сɾæ˵û£ʲôʲôµģһҲУ
Цϡ
Сɾ˺죬ɲ˼˵ԼİƨϣСʱƤԼ׵ãһӣϺҲһ̡
ɾҪʲôʣҪƻǲѣֻϡ⣿Σ
СɾЩ죺ôණƽռֻ̣һ
ıֻƵľֻƣûôණһġ
Сɾ̲סʣذʲô̵ģҿŲʯͷ
͵ǴשͺһҪƲС
Сɾһô࣡ȫճģ˵һҤ඼ǻģܰȫϣǷ˶Ҥ
ǵĵƣСɾʡ
Цɾɻǵ̣
˵ɾǰѹڶѶȥȥԼ
СɾʣôʣҲֻǰ·ش
ڣͣ½Ųתͷ˵һŶǾˮҪٴ㻻ط
Сɾǲƣɼ˰ĸǾɣٶٶҪȡ
Сֹʲôư͡
ЦſСɾһ̱տڲԡ
ڴӷƿߣؾɫ䣬૵⡭ʲô
ļǰ˸ʽƷһͷ
Ƶֵĺӣ۽ǡˣҲˣȻپЩʲô鲻Խߵм䡣
ЩơȻ¹ⱭʢСɾžƿһ
Сɾȥƿƿ϶˲֪ʲôġ澹Ȼ֣
ôСּ֣Ҳǿ̵ġ
Сɾˣ죬ͷ·Ĺ˿Ѿһ̾룬Ϊ˱ش⡣
ֻԼ⡣
СһƿƣܸܲӷһţǹѾ˸ɫӹСɾӹӣӲģҲ֪ʲôġ
ѧˣˣֻѾƷŽ
ǹɾǷǮ
Сɾʱҿżҹӣ˭ҶܲǮҼҿɲá
ʣûң㡣
СɾѰȰѶߣȥżǮˡ
ҡҡͷֻֽᣬûǮͻüɣ˵ʱ򸶲Ǯֻܽȥˡ
ȻҲ˻ɲػؽ˵ʱ˻ǽǰǮ˵
Сɾһ㶣ͷСʣ񹻲
񣬲һ񣬶һ
᣺֪Сɾһ㣬ǮԺٿʣ¶٣֪ܻˡ
Сɾͷֻˡ
һ꣬Ůˣ̫أڱ˵ĵ硣
ֻ¹Ɑ¹ƿʵ̫ϡ棬ȫȥʵڿϧɲбȥֻУ

ôû
Ǳ˰ɣ
ôûٽȥһ۾ͳô֪ͷʲôģ
ôȥ
أΪβȥ
ſǶ쳤˲ӣ뿴Сɾʲôʱͷʲô
ֵլӣĲ


109 
ʢΪеķʱһ£ˤҺԱߵġһѣſûŵء
ȺûɢȥŸճţȺСɾͷΣħ֣
֪ڴȤԼһϸػֻӷнӹ̨µ˺˵ˣʲɱţۺ챾ӽȥ֪ͷΣԼȥơ
ϣ׹첲Ĺһҡһڵ̨ס
Χ۵Ҳ֪żҹӣ˲ΪĻϾҹһЩһЩƺ
ȺмȥС죺֪ͰѰƴˡ
˲ǲģγðסʹӡ
ôණҲ÷ǽȥҳʱֳôĶϹӣôҲ֪ˡ
̾˿ľƿ־ôණȥӦǲᰤġ
㰤ᣬӦҲ²˵ء
һƣ߼ҪЪһЪߵԼǰŰӷŵϣںţҹӻˣ
Ժһƨ̨ϣֿһӡ
˾⣬ЩδĶҹ顪˵ҹֻҪշ£ҹͻԼ⣬ӫ⣬Ȼܽյ磬һζ
ʲôʲô
Էűˡҵ͸ֱʡ
ƽ޵ıǶ֣ΪӵܣʲôиΨ鲻ܣΪľϿ֣С֪˶ٴˣϸС˿ڡ
ľ壬Ҫֵָ֣ܿ˼ӣЩΣΪʱûıˣЩģͷȵȶҪ롣
ŮҶĳ廨š
еľ֮岻ܴ׳Ҫ޳ƤҪףɹڣ·̬ҲҪ
ǼҶĸֵܽãżҪɡСһѩ׵Ƥͷļãڵķѩ׵ķĴʮ꣬ѾȢˡ
ŸֱʣΪҲǿ̱ʣ̱ȻҲǱʣʵǵ
ȻҲëд֣ëֻھϳñ棬ϣܿͻΪ̯ĶȥīɫԼëдˣΪܱ棬ٿһΡ
ֻǱ
ʣûʣǸ㲻Ӿʲôֽʲô
˿վתͷ߲ͷ˵ôôǲȥ͵ˣ
ʱתͷӳĲȺ͵һŭһ
˼С
㻹֪ԼĶӣǿѹ˵
֪ԼڽӣֻСӣߡ
ſڵʱſ죬˵ġ
ɥͷ
ȥáɫڵܵγˮ
ֻܹԹȥãͷҰԼӵĿ˼ңԼӱ㲻ֵǮˡ
㻹Ŷ̲ס֪֪շʲô֪֪Ǳץģ
㶣֪ţʵԵϵѾԶˡ
ż֧ǰֻڱ߹ؿĹӣƴŴӱ߹ػ
˳ҲӲԳ֣ϣֻ˵ϡ
Ƕ֧Ϲϵһϣֻ֧ǵˡ
Ķˣ˵û֪Ǻһ֧֪ˣô꣬ѵܺϻȥкôʱûǵ£ȻҲ޹ء
ҾǸˡ˵ѣ²
ԼӣŭЦһգ⣬˶Ʋ޶㵱Σ
һ㶣˵㲻Ҵ磡Ҹ֮䣬Ҫһ
ǳ˾ˡ
ԭµġ
Ц㵹˵ϻ᲻ŵ𣿣
ϲҪҪڹǰ̣̣֮
Ŵ죺ˣȥȰ𣿣ûȰϣ̲ϴ򰡵
ˣ̲ϴ
˾ûǣͲýܴ
ѣҪÿǣӵܡ
ΪչϣҲһ̷Բãļһ档
ϡҪ˺ס
ǲѱɵ
˵ͷһأϽ糿ʱ˵ҪףҹԱȫˡ
תһ룺Ǻ°
˶һۣʲôã
˭Ҳ֪֣һңֲǿϾټܵ٣ҪѹңȻҪθס
ǻǿǸЦοż˲źãһܲһӣͶɻûҵ¸ɡ
ôһ˵ıҲƽ˼һҲ˵Ĳûе
ܵ٣Ϊ׾ټǼҴӱ߹ٳԼκճϡ
ˣǾЩ֧֮ǵġ
һ壬֧Խ࣬ľԽ࣬һһֻ˻ᱻ֧Уʣµȫϳ
Ϊ޶ȵı
ϳأӵܣΪΪΪֻ࣬ȥ߹ؿຮ֮عӣص
˵˭ϣЩ֧ӵܡ
ԭöȥùŵĶӵļ򣺡ˣȥˣ˵ɣȥЩʲô
Ц˵ȥˣô֣Ǳչլ֪ɣǿӣҪ
լϡ棿
üɫ裺˵һҹ֮佨ɵģԵĲͬûۼôӣķͷҪӣ˻
ϲؽûȥӹ߳ʣһСˮ˵ɴȥˣԵɵӡ
ˣЩҴӳġҳŵʱûʲôǮֻܰˡ
ոƽٴαף֪֪ﻨ˶˼Ÿģܼӣ
ӵİ̾Ҫˣ̰ӴյǰҿɲΪԼģƣĶǾƣý͡
ʲôֵõһ
ͷһۣ⻰˵ˡ
ȻЩƵĺûһ۾ܿЩƿһֵơ
ģ˼֣۾ҲԲˡ
ڵǳģЩǶɲ٣ǣǼ۸ߣֻҪǮ򵽣ֻС
˾ƣٰƿӽˣһ
Ѿʦͨѧ˵
һƿƣƿ͸ɫƿٸߣŹȥͷľûһ峺͸㶼ǣľٺãһǡ
⿴ૡ
æ˵˱ģҹҹ﷢⣬˵ⲻҹܷ棬Ҫⶫ
üҹӣп룿
С˵ʳסжǮֲǮ
һŸ˹ȥ
ƨ֪ҵҪҵ绹ˣ
Ǽû֧Ǯ·ӾͲ࣬￿Ҳ汲۵Ĳͷ乫Ӹ粻ǮĿҲֻ±Сǡ
ԣҲһеλһûС
ˣǾ͸ͨûˣû˻ٸ߿һۡ
˶ãƶ˾ûвУһǼ֮
ǼҵͷͨǴӣжٿ඼ֻȥǮѾˣҪ֧Ҳ޴ɼ
ǼҵʹӶͣ˵ˣ˵ǼˣܲܰǸϳȥɣ
ôҪԷҪ£ÿնҪǮҪǮ
ɼĲƷҲ˭ʲôǵҶ֪˶ǵҰվͶ֪ǲˡ
֪ľ˲ȰͷϵӶǰˣҿ첻ȥ½ЩǿҲΪ룬Ѳɽһֱȥ𣿡
д磬ûǮͨ˹ϵ˾ټûйְ
񶼶ʮˣδȢޣ˵ҪѰİ֮ˣ˭֪ΪûʲôǮˣ׵ʱ˿
ǰûз̲סҪѰİ֮ˡ
ҶԴòûִҲ׷顪ʮ飬ʮ鶼ǳ̬
һҲûУֻǰպɻѡ
ΪҲҪ䵱ͶǼкϡ
ŶһȰ粻ɻ飬Ҫɰɣ
Ƴһ۶ӣ㣿ëû룬ʲô飿
ͬ飬ҲãҪЩˣܲһֱٴȥͲܲˡ
磬ͺ˶ָԼľơ
˾⣬˾ƾߣһ׵ĲƱ΢Ƶľˮͷ͸Ӷܿ᲻ú¶ǡ
һͬһڣÿǰһἸŷˣԼһơ
˵עپϣھƱ;ƿϡ
档
ҲҪȥǳпС
ԣ㲻ҲҪ۽硣
֪Ĺģҳ¹ͺˣͽ뵽ǼУǾá
ǣóΪļūԺżˡ
ǶѾ뵽¢ˡ
Щ˲ˣҲˣǲͬ
ôͬ
˲һ𣿡
˸ֻۣ۾ֻūƷǲһ
Ůϴһ̣˽ͨŮӶͬŲŮͣˡ
˵أ
ǣŮӴ̵Ҳ
ǿӲЩŮܴ̣
Ĵ˵ȥƣҲ뿪أ
˿㣺ڼҶҪƳëˣҶ鲻ܵ٣ѵܿӹ𣿡
ЦãǮ㾡ȥ
æŮ֪ˡ
˵ǳУ֪֪ǲ֪ǵ֪ϡ
˵ҹȥʱ˵ˣЩ˾Ǿϴġ
һˣԹһȥٿһһǼ˼ֵǮĶʵûʲôǮ֮ûɢȥЯƷǮ
ȻţŷͳƺˣϻһմŵȫŴʹӳиȥһ㳲㲻ҲҪ
֣ҲȥǳУżòԶһ˼ҵ˵ҺҲҪȥ
Щ֣Ҳˣ
֪ԼλھԴӷ˻кŲ˵һ̥üȣ˶ãˡ
ھӺأﺦϲأ˵Ҳתתʡ
֣һҲЩ˵˶ڳǱߡ
˵꣬ھӱ˼ݳȥϡ
һΪ̫࣬ʵû취һֻܽŮ˶ȥ
ûطǾͱ·ˡ
ͳȻ̫󣬽ֵҲ˼Ҳ࣬ƽʱҵˣһ΢Ҳ͹ˡ
룬ǰҶгǾͶˣ˭Ҳòˣ˭Ҳá
ǺðϳʹЩżʵڹȥ
ԽԽˡ
ֻʣˣȻ߹ȥɣ
޵ͷǱ߹ȥɣҲãƽʱҲϡ
мУסһƬĶ˺ͰգҶסڳġ
ֻ˼ʹڴ˴ţһһ𳯳߹ȥ
ʣҲߡ
ԽǰߣǾԽľֵѾȵؼˣСգҲӵܣף˶ڳͬһǰ
˵ˮ򣡡
ˮ˷ģŤһŤʲôܷ⣬ܷų
ͦģСɾ϶һΣ˵һξҪķһЩĹ˾Ҫء
ɷ𣿡
Щ˶ɷ½зɡ
вЩأɫУһգɫ
˼˿Ǹɵӣ
˲⣺Ϊ˵˼ɵ
˵Ǹߣҡͷ̾Щ˺һɽɵйȻóۼۻ˵͡
ɣǶ˰ɣǧһˮ⻹еͣ
ɴӵۣЩǮ򵽵ģյ¹ⱭҪʮǳزܻ㿴¹Ɑ٣ǧ࣬ʮǳضࣿ
ôһ˵Ҳǡ
԰Ȼ󣬵ûУɼֵǣ
죡ؼǮ
ҼһܼǮھͻȥã
ɲܽд˼˽ףǿɶҪڣɵ˿ɲˣ
ԶԶԣ죬ǧ˵

ϢڣɵҶۡӴ˸硣
ðˣ
ҶҡҡͷЩãôоҡ


110 
ԴӳϵġСźͰֶһ̸ʣ֮ͣȻȴҲȥ֣ԭͥĲݾ¥ٴУżмʿ̸۳⣬˹עڵΡ
ƺ˳ºǵĵ죬û
ҶβڳΧ֧񡪡֮ǰǻĽҰ⣬ʵûѡ
ο⣬Ҷ۲ҪӴκοˣԱѾԶһ档
Ҳû£Ȩ֮ìܣûϵһȥˡ
гֻǮͲģûжȥ
ҶûгԹƼƷʱԵõݳƷǡΡƣѾ㹻ˣ˵һпõС⡣
ˮ޺ͲƷ
ܻӭľǺΡ
Ҷ֪ܻӭϾºǳԳû뵽ȫ񻶡
Ϊ˷ֹҴǴԼǣٸ߼գҶۻڳſ֧˸̯ӣֻǣȫɢװǣδرȳŸ߼װǲ಻ãȨǾ㿴ˣҲԼˡ
Щɢװɲˣպôˣִ߽ķżҲһţĺ͡
Ҷгȥ³иլӣܴһЩóйԱסȥ
ʱٰһ£Ҳסˡ
ʺϵѡսв۵ĸһȭܰѶԷ°ʹ顣
Ȼߴ󣬵ǸŮˣŮ˾Ҫ׺㡣
Ҫһ㣬ĿڲűԶ׺öˡ
ֻҪҶǰǱҪײῪ˵ģܹվһ߰һ
Զһ࣬춼ŰҶ۾ľӣһԶ׾Ҫȡ
ҽǳʱҽҶۻƹߡ
ϸҶҪʲôլԺͳˡ
ŵǻ˵˵·ʽֻõ޲Ǳص鲼ϲΣûôϰߣֻ˸β
꾵ӾԼӢˬе㻨ľķ緶ųš
ſֻͣЩ˵ģġ
ټ͵һԣ͵Žȥ˰ĻȻװϳ
ȨļǵĻҲķ͵ǣڴ޲ֱӰѳаգ򵽡
ۿų˳һͲǽȥɹˣſڵһӵϣǳˣʲôҪõģʲôҪԸģֻ˵
ﶫǶ飬ͷĴùϵôҲһǮ
֪ʲôȫǿֱ˵լӣסʮģӵֻǴӡ
ҵ֪һլӣǼ˴Ͱˣֻ˸լӣӦģֻҪţһһأҪһЩӡ
Ͳٿ˵⻰ˣһŻ˵ǶһңǼӹòãѰլֻҪ̫ߣѯۣ⣬Ҵȥ
˵լǰƽúܣҲ޵òľǴ³ģϧǼҵڸµġ
ҲСƲģȻڳԼأҲͼū֣ɱϾҲҪ˰µļҲᣬƲҲǿ⡣
ֻǴռҲȥΪ˲լӣҲİҲûǮˡ
ǮҲլҵķӡ
룬Ǹ˵Ǿȥˣĺô
ϲЦտʣϳɡ
ҡҡͷ·ȥУһûͳ߹ʱ𣿡
ҡͷϲϡ
ȳԺ󣬾ʹųǶߣ˱ͽ̸ߵһȣﾹȻһͷæʣôߣ֪˫׿ˣ
ʵҲߣѪҲУٻѪȸĸߡ
ҡͷˡ
ĽǸɾǱѵΰˣ˾Ӫܵ
Ц㻹е۹⡣
ԼλȻǽԼλ棬򼸳̣úѵһԼսսлʮǰϽġ
˿˵ְЦ̬ҲȻࣺòôҲʹѽ
棺ôҰǮ
֣Ҳң˲ţ벻ġ
ֲɵڳöãóԵԣйöãӳܱԼߡ
һ·һ·ģܿ˾ͰѳΪ֪ߵլſڵʱԳ˵˲ţβ¯ĳЩڸߣ֮˼㲻Ҳǧƹģһ
䣬ˬʣ٩٩̸ȣ֮˵ôݵģʿԼסĳδ뿪żʮǰǰΪԼ˼ʶ֪¡
Ȼ飬öˣ֪ϵĴ̫٣һи֮ͣǰŮӣҲɳƴˡ
浹ǺɬƽĽ̵Ŀ佱ͷˣҲҼȽϻ˵ġ
ЦЦǿͣûһ죬⡣
ͷ̾ɲ
ǹԺȥǿš̨ף⻧˼ҵĴš
ûֱȥ˳۵լӣǵھסĵط
ͳǷֳУϳǶǱ͹Ǿסĵط¹ģƼҵġ
ǱסĶҺͼйԱİա
ĵطͳǵƶߣȻǻҪͳġ
ֻǳҲ֣ԽеԽԽԽ
濴ŽֵԽԽ·ߵľɫԽԽߣõķԽԽ࣬ʶжǰţžȻ˸û޲
˺ܿпţֻǿŵĲʹӣһɾһ޲鲼·ĲɼǸոջ飬û¡
ɾ񡣡˶ʿ˻еصģ˵λ뿴ҵլǺʣӦ
ɵûб¶ʲôֵԺȥĸס
˵ͽӡ
ⷿӿɾûԺˣһ۾֪ͷĲ֣һεӣͺִһһмӻϣռ䡣
ǼӦǼˡ̾˿ͣǹȥˡ
棺һиˣ˵պ
ҡͷǮ㲻ٹɾʦݲʦ˾ټ˾ټε֪ˣ
棺ǻǿϧҿӣӦöĲ
ЦͲ֪ˣʵѧʵ٣ӵӺͻ׶ֲأ
ܿɾͳˣ򣬿ܿǸŮӣЩȵİ󱳡Ȼвٲϵǿ
濴زأȫں˵ɾö㣬־ߣο㻹ᡣ
οʫԻõĵ׺αں
˺Ͷɶˣ˵䶼ģʰ۶ѡ
æ֣֪ǡ
ڰ֣ҾǸƣ˸ɻģ߰ɣȥӡ
ɴ㶵صͷ̴ȥҵլ
ԭ̫ϲʿ˴򽻵Ϊ˲Ϳ˵ӣ˵ɾʲô
Щ˵Ұ׶ʫ飬ֲ粻ֻܿЩǮҲòá
ֵʵȻˣΪβѧأƶӵûǮʦ㿪ڿΣ̶ֻд֣ҲǮȿöࡣ
¶ɺ־ˡ
ֻأ˶û޳뷨
ֻǾɾǷˣ˵ݳԣܶϰ֣ʥ֮飬ǲ俴
Ҳˣɣ㲻񣿡
һı飬û˵ףҡҡӵܣҳ
桰һҲڵʱˣ񰡡
һһ仰ҲǱ˵ģ㡣
Իʱ˭Уһ̵á
ˣûָų棬˰һ䣺أլǲˣˣܲù裡
æԲɾǺαأλҲֻ֮ԡ
ȴ˵ȰԽִʲôԽ͸ʲôΪϰ־͸߹󣿲ǵģǶϰֱ¢ˣԲԵø߹󡣡
ʲô𣿡濴ˣǶڻ뿿¢ϻø档
ҲҲˣ¢֪ʶ֣˹Աֻܴҳ
ϰֵʿ˾ͻƳҡ
̼֮£ֱֻ̹˵˱ֻΪ
ȴزأɵ˵£ȴҪԼʥ˵Ƥ
һգ˶ܶϰ֣ϲа׶ǲǹǿհҵĺӡ
ɫ԰ףûĻ˵أ
üЩȷȥ
޿̣ŭĿӣжѵ
Ц㻹Ҹ㣬ﲻߣûңûǵլӣûǮʦԶ˹٣Զס
дô
棺ѵ˿д־͸Ǯ𣿡
ǲɲ㡣˫ֻأȥɣȥ
ɫ˼⣬ڣļˣûˣ԰׵촽˶һֶû˵ųլķȥ
˵һ⡪ﾹȻЩ˸ȣ
־ã˵ûǶڻô˰ұأ
һ·϶ɶû˵ͷɥƺǱ˭һ٣߷ޱȣһΪ潵ģ
˺һǲߵɵլ
ǼȷʵģǶլӣźͳѾˣͷࡣ
ӳûסˣѾһҡ
ﶼľ壬ûһľ𻵵ģɼⰮԼļҡ
ԼȥͲˣ¶˼顣
ͷʱ̲סʣң
ҡͷ֪˴Ķó𰸵ģᰡҶģһУԽڴ˵˼봫ȥⲻǰռҳĶܵõġ
ûǣܶණͻʱʧ
еӵܣüӵΪףΪʲôҪǣ
ɵˣ˵¢ϡ
棺Ҳû˵棬Ҫ涼ֻһ档
кõһ档ûаѻ˵ꡣ
кõһ棬Ҳֻʧʱ䳤ڡ
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˿ų棬̲ס̾һʵڲƣǹֻ֮߰ʦ
ЦûУֻվھ˵ļϡ
ҿլӰɣȥ̸̸ۡ
վſڵĶɵͷ·ھӿԼɻǱ޿ɱܣ˸кҪ񣬱ᵽȥҲ˵ǳֻ֧֧᲻˵
ھӿΪӣҲ׷ʣֻԶԺ˵һ
׼ͺٻˡ
ٹܾͻ
ӺңȱߣǲԾ뵽˵Ļ
˵ۣ޷
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泯֣ɲ鲻Ը˹ȥɱ˴ξ롣
棺լҿˣ¸вУ
ɼĸ׵Ķҡͷ긶
Ҷ۸˵Ļˬĵͷ긶ҲУ㱨ۡ
ɣٽ𣡲ˡ
һٽ𣡡
֪ǵĽʲôˣõĽʵǻͭɵıӣ˵ǽɫʵܶ඼ˣԭӡ
һǶҪʮ۸ǿ󣬻˵Щס
˵ٽɲ٣
һӶһٽ
һôࣿôȥ
˵Ŷɣ㻹ʿˣ۸һŮӣ
棺
һεŮӣ棬൱Ȥ
ˣһʮ𣡡
㱻ԼĿˮǺ
ֱĨǵһμ
ƺ֪Էὲ˵ٽסˣŶǺõģֻҪˮãһھ
ˣҲֵٽʮ𣡡
ּۻ˰죬ȡʮ˽ļǮ
Դ飬ΪԼҲʤûˣֱóٽˡ
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ɻûȥУȻǶΪֵ÷꣬ɳ˵ˣֻҹУȻңûǮûйȥȡ衣
ˣһУѵֳܿ
ȥǮȥǮǴԼǿȥİɣ
õӦܰݸʦ˰ɣ
ֻҪʦԸΪھҪ٣ܵˣ˵ܰլպĺӾͻӵܡ
˵Ļ
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111 
⵽լԺ󣬳йţйԱæµ޲լĵطɳһĶȥΪ˷㣬Ҷۻϵͳ˹ܷ
ֻܷҶʹãȥ۸Ҳˡ
ڷ㣬ҷٶȱ̫ܿ죬ӰӰ죬Ҷۻ
ڻǮʱľѾֱ治ĳǱˣ￴ƶϾҪɶɶûУǺζݳƷ
ºûԹζΡ
ֺܸУӵеĶʱֵǮ
һξֵʮϰ
ֺܡˡһūֵһ𣬻ǿ׳ū
͵ū࣬ΪûʲôԼūгҲ
͵ūѾ㡰ˡˣõĻǻᱻȻͬ಻Ϣգܶһ㣬ȸūҪࡣ
⣬Ҷ۾ĵطǣȻ˸
һˣֱӵסլſڡ
ݶͨʱҲ֣˵Ҫˡ
ҶʮԺ˵ɡ
ܿ죬Ҷ۾ͿҪˣ˴һɫѣͷһ˿˵ķ߻᲻ڶʱںơ
Ҷϣ˽ȱϹϾ񣬵õҶǰĵϡ
˶Ҷ۵ƨò䵽ģٴĿ䵽ϻ˵˽ӽʮӣ˵Լ⣺ǰ߶ţΪһҪ£ҡ
Ҷ۳վԱߵɯʹ˸ɫ
˶û˵ʲô뿪ӡ
˵ɣʲô£Ҷ۶˲豭ѾԷ˵ʮӷϻ׼
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Ҷ۲һڲ˳ɲɫˡˡӣʵκǧ֪ң֪ңٿҲ˶̵ʱܸذɣ
æ˵κʹͣͬκ
ҶЩȣκˣ
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Ҷ۵ͷ֪⻰˼ǣκܳġ
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ҶۣȻңȻû׼ݣ²˰ɣκļˡ
˲Ҳȷʵû׼ݣ΢΢ͷκˣκ̼֮£а¹֮ġ
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Ҷ۶Գºûʲô黳ΪԼһҪ͡
ֻܣ·һһҪߺü¡
κ˿ҶƺĶæ룬¹СͣҲˣ۳ԴöȣκȣҪɾһҵκǲ֮ѡ
Ҷüʲôҵ
˸Ҷһ㶮Ҳ񣺡˲Ҫɾһΰҵжǣκܵ˱Ϊ࣬κλˡ
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˻һոջɢɢȥɾʱɫһ䣬ȻӥƻκҲδơ
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΢΢ͷӻͳһľУҹӡ
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κ̿Ҷ۲վСߵҶǰľнҶۣ˲صģ뿪֮ʱ㽫ӡиңκˣ壬ֻŸɡ
ȳ¹һţƳ¹ңֻùҡ
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ӱ߹عмʱƨɵ߻ʵڲٳ;ȥһˡ
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࣬۲ı飬һʣС磬º˴ʲô
˵ţӻͳһֻҪͣ½Ų̰ѽ
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ջ˽εЦЦҾ޺֮ģ˺λڴ˵ʲôɾ͡
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Ͼĳ¹ССͣ˵ĵطǸˣ϶뿪
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û뵽һڣľǰݶڵΧһŴԲԱߡ
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κĿ࣬ΪԼʱڰշΡ
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дܣáҶ۳κЦЦ
κæ˵Щ˱ǰδδš
ҶۼһӲˣһ֮˲ӡ
Ҷ۵ʱ䳤ˣԱѾϰĻʳǼٶ⣬˶ϲӣһܵϲ˵
κûĳ档
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κʼֻҼԼǰĲˡǴ㡣
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ΪȣֹζֶޣֻܶˮΡ
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κ̲ŵʣǣ
Աߵ˵Ǵ㣬϶Ҫǡ
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κ̻Ȼ򣺡һ֮ʦ
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κӣҶҲֻڼԷϢһҹ
Ҷڳ극ʹȥ
ºѾ̫ӻϾǺˣڵĺܶ¶Ҫ֡
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112 
ֳ˰ٹ֮ףةศ
޷ʱܶϳ٣ʱҲһҪġ
λӺҪλϵȴôҪ
ȻҲûκҶκΪˡ
ܰˣҲܸԼϰ壬κΪ࣬ȥΪࡣ
ҶԼλʷϣǾ͵˵йӡս˲żüãιѧоϿɵʿʵɲࡣ
δز֪һܻܶ
ǵѡز󣬱ϾԼ˲ɻعҪˡ
ҶЩʳºҵʲôô
ºҶ仰п룬̻صͬߣһ޶
Ҷ۳ĬƬ̣ôһ㶼ˣܾһתȴʣնҪϳ𣿡
ºҶۿڷɶ˵ˣǵأʱʱҹҲɨӭ
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ֻǿҶһ۾޷͵˵ѾǽĵĻ ˣﻹգȫҶҪ
˵ŭݺܿƽϢȥһ˵ɾĳ¹Ѿĳ¹ˣǹ
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ڣһ裬¸߰ĺСͬһԵŮ˵ЦԹԣ㿴裬ܺȵġ
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̽һ˱ӷŵһԺŰŮ§Ůɵͷ㲻ˣҪǱزģˣҿʱһǮ
ˣȫˣǿˣ̺ҪҪѪ
ѡһЩʱ͸ˣӻңٶ۸ҡ
Ůɺˣǹˣ
ЦһŮӣȻأ˹ˣղɵõһֿɵãһˣôܲأ
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΢ҪСĲŶԡ
̣ʲôˣûҲҪ
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̷˸ۣûиģ
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˶˵¹ã¹Ҫҵô¹ҪΪλһУ
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̣ο³ҹܱͨǲҲ֤³֮ǿҲֻǼ𣿡
ҪҪЩͨ³ңҪ
ŮЦҪ³һء

֪ʲôʱʼ³ͻȻ׷һ¹ˡ
Ըոմʱ³һţ³ˣҲɹȻһЦ
¹˶֪ģʳ¹ûʲôóֵĶ
¹Ҳʳ³г¹ʮǣ³۲ߣ¹˹ҲֻǮ
ô˵ɣ¹ǮͲȥΪǵĻʵޡ
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ӵ·϶ᱻסѯʡ
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סɾǴԼдǴкտڲԣҲ˵һ䡰ҲЩʳʲô⣬ҼūͶ࣬ڵҲѰ
Ȼ죬һʮСɾˡ
СɾĺܺãݰףŮȴһСƢһѯʣֺҫȻǺöǿ϶ûмҵû
סʿ˷ˣæʣСɾȻ֪ͲҪҴˣ˵Ҳǿ۽硣
Сɾ°ͣʹӵʹǶʿסˡ
˵Ǳǣ
ʲôһ𣿣
Сɾǣϻء
˵ţʹĺɰͷץһѱǡ
ЩǴСȣȴǸһǸıһ̬죬ɫ͸ûǶôȵСɾȴҪڻӡ
СɾۻҪ𣡡
ԱߵʿҪɾɷһų
Сɾ㶣Щ᲻ãĿ֮£ֻܲ鲻Ըĵݹȥһţ˵ҪԣҲûж٣ǳ̲
ʿ˽ӹǿűǣյлͰѱӽ
죬۵ζͳĿǻ̲סȫһ
ûԹĶıۻҪԼոհӽûƷζǾʧˡ
ʿ˻ζıȺ˾޴飺ɾҲҳ
СɾǮ㻻
Сɾ
СɾЩǳŵе㼱ǣĺɰ⿪Ⱥת˵ķ϶˳ȥ
ˡ


113 
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ڽûϴͷɢͷᣬһƵǰ
Է䳯ķһۣعش󽫣Ȼ뷴Ϊ飬ҪҾԼײˣ
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Ӵװ𾪵˵֪أѾ磬ҪſڣڰٹٺͰǰ̡֮
ͷһͷĽҲ볣˲ͬЦֲǴ󽫾ǿûС
˵ѡſǸ䣬ӳݷＷһ䣬ӵܣϲôңżҡ
żңżΣվһڣżҲǾϵĳ
Ǹ߹ǵͼޣ
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Ųһϸãѯʳµ˼Ϸ˼ŲɱɱϻӦԽιعش󽫶飬񲻽˵
Ա߿ݵҶ۶ˡ
ⶼ绤𣿻ܶԹаܣ
ȻĴ£Ϊ˱ʾʵ£㻹Ӧùؽԭ
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ŲҶۣ۾ЦһһΪ˭ʴʣˣ֪кͼ̣
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ˡʿ˴ŲЬŰ߳˵ͣؽȥǶûأźϣȢϱһޡ
涵ĿŶӣͷСģ֪ҶǸд־ģһܿĲŸɣţ
ʿ˿Լһתͷ˹£ʵĿͷͷĳѪͣ£ͷŸ˵һʧгһգһҪ˶֪֣
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ûǮûдţֻܿԼ˫źͽµĲЬȥ͡
ͣһ˵
һڵ


114 
ͳĹﴩ£ϴϣֱۺȹڶв΢ݣһȹƺտյ
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ϸƬ̣̲ס˵ʵڲУϼңأôҲ
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Ͼ»أūĲȻܹްʦ飬ֻӣúùȴҲѡ
ѾûˣĲߺʣµֻūǿȥ
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ղܵͼʳֱŵãϣأ
ﲢ𻰣Լһ죬Ҫĸ׽ǵϣˡ
ͳڣǳжҵĻȻֿ࣬ɺôиõʱ򣬹ܹһٷ
Ůȴֻҵϴͷ첹·ĻĻø٣´ɵǮֻܸӵףĻ춼еģŮһȥ
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ﾪһֳĿ⿴١
ٵͷȥҲ⽾ⶼǾӢ
ϸ͹һͷӢ
ϸġûҲˡһ㡱ĸŮһµؽǽʣĿͰס
һǲ֪˶õĳ򿪵ʱܿĺɫС档
ʱǾǿЩѾĻ׹һĿڡ
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ǰգȻסɼҲԣ
ڸӸܺãһһҪ˫ףҪӣҲȱЩյĿȴʲôҲˡ
˵õϢʱеΪԼͰǸˡ
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ĴӺųﱧŲӣǮᣬûԼôܱųصǮܵúܿ죬ͷܿǺ顣
ܵܶڳǶɻûҶþҵǡ
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ܵͶһʮߣһʮ壬Ǵ㣬ҪܵҸΪʱڣûô㣬ǹӵġ
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ǰǶ·ϣѽ췢¶ܵܡ
Խ˵ܵܵ۾Խ˵ǴʱȥʱܵܽŲѾˣ·ȴ߳ƽػƣ޲ܸԼһԳ
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ۿǰ˶һĹҵĶǵ۾ԽԽ죬ΪĶһʳ
ЩʳҲ˷ܵЦݡ
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ڣǰԽԽ٣̫Ҫɽ֮ǰŵˡ
ܵæѻĲŵϣûȥ̯Ӻ潨ʱ˿ֻʳܴǵ
̯Ӳ󣬲һųŶӵĺǴʳ
ȫǻ׺СףŮ٣֮Ҳ˵
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Ůˣ̫ˣܱȥ𣿡
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һٰʮʱȫڲǼ˵۾Ŀ˸ʢ
˲ûаѶĨƽʢһС⣬װ˴
Ǹûһ㶼棬ϾҲûʳҪ
˱Ǽε˱ʳ뿪Ҳ˼ŶӵС
˵һڵȵǵʳ
ûзϻлˣæʳ
ߵʱǲŶ˵л
ֻѾҲ֪û

ݶⱲӶ˵ˣûϢʱϲʱ䶼ûУɯæ࣬ĳ಻룬ҶҲȥ
ЩʳҶϵͳģϵͳũƷճƷֻҪҶ۵λ򵽵ģλۡ
Ҷ۸º⣬ʼĵߵͼó¹ľ̬˲ְ취ǾǳºڳǮա
ºǮٰѲ۲Ҷֻۣгº˵ˡ
ºҲǳǮˣҺܿ찮ְﻻǮĻ
ֵǮȫˣصĹÿ궼ºȻӣ͵ôණмֵǮġ
ԭºûҪЩϾʹ͹Ա͹ҲҪǰǰЩ͵ͳȥ׼ˡ
ͣ
ѶҶۣҶͼʳǷǮ
ֻҪʳļֵȶģôණκ۸񶼻ήȶ
ǳºԼͳǵİա
Ҷ۸ºʱҲѹºȻʱյ⣬һȲס;ͱˡ
ҪȶôԺ󣬳ºͲ˰˰
Լʳ̺󣬳¹ȱ²ܳ׽
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Ҷ۵ǾãºʳԹ³鷳Ŀʵ
Ϊ³ϴεĶսȻ濴ϢģԸٴˣɱ߹ؽ紦жĦ
¹֣Թ³ҪԱ˻ʱ򣬿϶Ըѳ¹ƵԷĻ
СдĿռ䡣
һζĲùȥģ˳ºһʱ䶼ڸսϡ
ҶƼĹԱѾ˳ºš
ǽʿˣ
Ҷ۳̸ĺܶ뷨ܵҶ۵Ӱ죬һʿ˲ͬǸɣҲΪ¹Ҫıһ͵ġ
Ȱº¹ǿʮѾ̣ʮǿѾˡ
ڳºߣҶۻǺܷĵġ
ݶصеʱѾ۷ˣȥѾڣͳϰҲ¿·һŻѶҪŶӣǵļƣֻҪֲǣŵ
ǳŵסйԱάʿǵǶŲסˡ
ҶֻܶԲݶ˵Ϣһͷ˰÷
ݶͷ˵ˡ̫ˡ
ƽʱԱǲ׽Ҷۿ⸱һҪĲݶĵ߹ȥļ򣬰ο⼸죬Ҹǹʡ
ݶ
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ʱ䣬ûнӴκȨȨţżūųӵİߣ˫β㱬
ԭǶȨĿ־ʳǰȻ޴棬ǣƺüȨ󶼵ó¡
Ҷ۳˻С׺͸ֶ⣬ũƷһ
ǮͰͻȻʼ˴ɹҲˣǺۺ۹˶ֻٴǲԸٴǮԸǮóȥɱƷʳ
ⲻǴȥ˺ôҲøũǺɰڴСﶼСǶʱ䶼ֵ㣬ƽȥ
ȻֻܻݼͳǣһҵǰնȥǱĵطֻ
ǵİѾͻΧũľ롣
ڸԶĵط͵õˡ
ֻҪһպ˰¹ͻúܸԣ
Ҳ˰겻˰Ȼήܶ࣬յҲȶ
Ϊ˽ٸºҪ¾ȶھƣѹĹңԼ취չ¹ľ
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ҶҡͷЩͷۣ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ˸ǷǺܳʱûкȨ⣬ǮˣԱǻѵ;ȴˡ
ȻҶ۲ڡԸɢһ⡣
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ܵȳ¹ǿߣҪȳ¹ǿ󣬲ȸʮʮǲܵġ
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ǿ֧Ԯִԭʱһ²ִҡ
Щڱøӻңûӭƽ
Ҷ̾˿ٵȵȰɣӦúܿͻˡ
ЩųлǰҵˣҲӦҪϢˡ

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Ϊ¹СҲС³˶
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˵Ĵã˶ǮȲҺȨ
Ϊ˺һĴȥһẠ̊́һͲˣҺȨܴȥ
ο˵Ȩһ仰ȫߡ
ȥĶ⣬ҪľǸԼҸɽ
ΪԼҿɽ³ˡ
ʼȷʵճ̵ǵδ鱦ԴԴϵ͵ǰʱ̲סˣ˳̳ŵ³⣬ȥ鷳УҲΪ
ͨؽڣ̾ͿʼΪԼƣͨ˲ټӵܡЩӵ֪ԼǱͨˡ
˵Ļ͸ǡ
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ݵɽͷ³ˣκһλʿǶֻץ˹ϷĻ
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ܽȰ³䲻ܽλгãڣ³һ˸鷳
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˿ɽĴΪԼƣڻȴƺ͵
ܼһдģǿܷ³
ס˹ܼң޷¹С£³ã¹ɶãҵ˸һȥ¹Ȼ֪ʲôˡ
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ס
еıǮǳϰģ³ҪЩĻˡ
һûˣ˻ˣҲûаѳϰ³ʧȥ˼ֵ
һûмֵˣū
̳һ
Ź˻ȥϰӦгŵɣ
¢һƷѡǺأѡˮأ
ǽҲЩ̵ĲҲܺá
ǳ⡣
ʱѾˣ·ˣǾŻ洩УСڸĸĻŲ֪ʲôʳ̻Ц
Ȼսȭͷ
ǳ¹ʳǳ¹ܿգЩ³ܻô
ƾʲôصĳ¹˳Բӣʲôû³ȴܳԱů
˵ûмҹһǳˣһǳˣǿڹ֮ȥӡǣ¹裬ɻʹࡣ
Ĩ˰ƿߣĶסʻȥ

ЩڳҵҶ۴˺Ϣ
һ̣ӦԹڳ¹µļˣΪ¹ʵûʲô¿й¶Զڳ¹ûǮҲûдݻʲôϢ
ڴҶ򵽻֮󣬾ͣĻԹ
ǮһԹӵܡ
λаӵǱļģĿľǽǿõϵĶߡ
ûаѻ͸ԺϾ͸ǾһǮ򲻵ˡ
ԹȻǴҲǿҵȳ¹Ļܿ챻ҹϷһգһǮ
Ǵذһͣϳ棬ðԼڳй䣬ԼԼк˵
֪֮ǰ˵ĻǲǻЩš
Լˣ֪жóˡ
ͷȻ֮ǰ˵ǱȻҪгŵ
ϲЦտǳˣȾӻأ
ҲķУʵ㿴˺ǰ˵ˣǣֻѡһ
˵ǣ
Ц嶼ζȣô𣬳Ӳ˵㣬Թûвġ
ͷóһСӣʵʲô֣ϣȥǱһߣٱһͣһҪжٿš
û֤ҲֱóգǾһ취
ǺѸıģֻܱٲܱ࣬ðѶȺܴ
ԺҲΪԼӦѧ
Ǹ׹Ǹɵӡ̵õ˺ôͿʼԼԩͷĺãֱͨθҹҲΪĸŤһ
ֵ̣Ǹ˾ӣ̸⣬ǧ˳
ЦˣҲæûҴȥ
ллǸ˰
Ҳ˵ҲǺˡ
ˡôˡЭ顱
Ǿڲʱ򣬳Ҳ˰㡣
ӲߣȻ֪ĸΪʲôȡ֣ĳûйϵģԼֻһҵӣڱеƫϵߡ
ܰףŮ԰Ϊ
ΪζųʱڣҪݵ
ð㳤ò޳޽ǣŮװӦÿǿװǸˡ
Ҳ˳棬һֿߵ֣ɵһС˵Ůӿߡ
ҲŮߴġ
ϵһƿƣС˵Ҿ֪˲ģĶ඼ûҼңǸˡ
ȻΪⳬĶ̶ˡ
ȻԼûУ϶Ǳ˱ˡ
֣Щ飬֮ǰҲ࣬ľûһҲʮ֮ģҲܹ
㱻ַˣЦһ˶͵ˣ֮ͽ˵£Ҽ˿ɱĶ࣬ǸӷףĿûо֮࣬Ҳʿ䣬ʵǶ࿴һ۶ġ
֣
ԭֻ˳ó
̾ҹŮθߴ󣬿´˼ҲǸçʵڲ˴򽻵װҵ۾
㻰һתĻﵹҲֵһˣֻϣ˼˲Ҫ̫󣬷⻹ȥ̸ɣԸ˯
ε̾˿
ǹһȵʹ߹
׹ӣϰȥ̸ݶվڰǰ
㿴ƴֲڣƤףȾԼ˵־ȻòУȴܶأ˾Ƭ̺˵Ǿʹ·ɡ
ݶŰߵϢſڣ췿ź󣬵洫ˡŴϢҵš
չסԼ߽Ϣڡ
ֱ˱Է׼һӡ
Ϳˡ
ԷϴЦĿƺǣֱͦУȴֲݣб
ǣΧһжȻʧɫ
һô϶Ǹˣ


116 
Ҷû뵽ʱӵܾȻ˿Ұ
߽Ϣҿʼ˫̽һ۾ûҶŲ
ô󣬼Ҷ֪ԼòҲδġպǼٴڰĿɾú󱳷
ҶһŻƺȫԼĿģֻճյʣ˷ɣΪδڴ˴֮£
˻һҶ۵üͷԾ
пС룬ô˵Ҷǵ΢Цɢˡ
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գգ۾գһƬﲨ
ҶֱϵļƤҲˡ
ȡУ
ҶʮƽĲ²⡣
Ǿغȶ½ҶѾи
أҶۼʶ˶ԲͬԱѡ񣬶ȶ½˶Զﶼѡ
Ҷ۳ЦЦ׹Ӳ̸𣿡
Ҫ˵Եʵ̲סȻҹӣһͬ󣬵õܺͽκҹӲȻ޷̤;ɰ׼ҵպҪ
ӵ˶ҲȱǮץס˰ĸ첲ʾ죬Ҷ۵˫ͻ˴ǰǷ֮ԡ
Ҷҡͷ˵û뿪¹Ĵ㣬λ⣬ȻӭΪ뿪¹Ǿûʲô˵ˡ
̲ס˵¹Сڳ¹ʲôôǺһԣûЩҲɹԹܡ
תͷ۰㣬ƺǺ޲ð߰
֪Ϻȣû뵽ȻôϺȡ
ҶûлӦĻƽĿ֡
ּ˵ȻˣҲǿҪͣһʱգҪ
Ҷۣ޷
ְѱŵľзŵϣҶ۵򿪵ľУͷһȫ̵ڣҶ۲֪ʲôҲֵܿơ
ǰһļ񣬻Ҫ֡
Ҷֻǿڣֵȱȱлˡ
ַҶ۵Ŀûһ㴹֮ɫ˼ּƽϡ
ȴ˵նڴ˴
Ҷۿ۰㣬ЩۣҪż˵ڡ
㣺סںδҿɷŰݻ᣿סǲ̫㡣
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㻹˵ʲôͱקŸ첲վ
ͣˡקŰߵſڣһ򶨵ĶҶ˵ģǲ򣬵ҲֻǣܽԵá
˵˰һۣ˳ȥ
뿪Ϣңֲ޿̵˵ڼﻹûлƹ˾߲м֪Ҫһ꣡
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̾㲻ңҵҲ㣬Ͻ׵ãƱ׼ѵá
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֪ĵԣСֻԼһֱߣҲΪһȺָܴӼū֮һԾΪ֣ܹʶ֣׼ҵĲҵ
ʼΪԼĴ˰㣬û뵽ȴ˵˶̫ˣΨ㻹ܿҲֻܿѡ
Ϊô꣬Լûһ٣ѾԼкˡ
Щ겻֪ռ˶ˣԹһլӣרŰЩŮŮǷϵֻżȥ˵˵ȺȾƣЩŮп۵ģһլӣϢ
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ֲ˵ˡ
ʱðɺޣʱ־ðʵǸˡ
ֻ˾˲ԣֻ
ôһ룬־ðɺˡ

ߺҶ۲ʱȥһзζȻֽðԼһ˷ݵ׷Ϣҵ·ϣҶÿ˴ſ߽
һ
ȻǰЦԵЩףǾȻԸ򽻵
Ҷ۾ãΪǾ˷м˵Ѱɡ
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117 
Ҷ۵ķӦ˵ɯ⣬ⱲҲҶǰˡ
ҶֻɯԺ
ϾԼҲ֪ոķӦһ˾úܡ
ôûɯôСɰʵڸɰմϱߡ
ԲȥһֱʱҶ۲źƽʱûж˽ɯϲã壿
ɯվԭأʹį˵ã֪ҳúܳ󣬺ˡ
Ҷæ˵ˣֻôһ㡭һ󡣡
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118 
峿Ҷ£񶼲ᴩ·ףûŦۺͿۣҪ·ò֪Ҫٸᡣ
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СɾҶߣһһ˵ǰ͵ʳҪҪΪϵļˡ
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Сɾǳɼū
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ΪǮҲף;Ҫҵļū
СɾϰΪ˵Ц˼Ҷ˵ͰղʶҲҪʶأ
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СɾѹͣûгǳأǼûи߹٣ΪͰյƣ˶֡
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Сɾˡ
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ҶվȺΧͷİȻʲôΪڳ˵ͼȫҶۣҶǰ漷Ȼһסӡ
ϰ壬ȥǹҲ֪Ҷϰ壬˵ЩһˣǼ˸ǵͼǲŲںСƣֻںԼͷ١
ԱߵİҲһ𣬲мʿǿҶۡ
ѹǶǲǻΪϰ壬ȥǻ㣬˭ҽ׽ȥ
ҶЩжûЩ˵
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𲫻ļƣһȭͻһ˵̫ѨԱߵ˿Ѿȥ˶Է°͡
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ҺѹܴǶŰǵѼʿãȻѸٶڡʵǰԾԾԣȥӲ𿪣Լ
ʱ򣬰ǲڡŹҶۡ
ǻҶ۵ĹҶ˵ϰ壬ȥɡ
ҶۿһԼĹǺصлл
ȻΧİյллλ
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еĹԱҲ˳ţվſڣȴҶۻ
Ҷۣ
Ҳʽ
ֿʼ߳ˡ


119 
ǻڳſڿ֣ǲ٣иϢͳﴫ÷зڹʲôһ顣
Ҷۼ̨ףһƽһĪЩ߳ܵ飬תİǹ־̧ͷ˲º͵Цлλ
ȻղûаôһлҲĪ
ηǿȨ£ǳ̬ʿ˲Ȩ󣬶˼˵Լʿˡ
ҶڵлȰǻؼȥҪЩ˴س
ǵȻԸ뿪ûаϷ꣬һôҲŲ
Ҷֻ߽УǰѳеĴŹϣϣյĿʳɯûɣ
ɯñȡȻûУֶء
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ǲɱҶһ٣浽˱붯ֵʱ򣬻ǵö֡
ֻץڸá
ǺƽʱڣȻȨɱ˲ؽܳͷϱϾңڶﶼֻǸˡɱҵˣֻǼʿý
Ҷ۵Ǻýʱƨˣ³ֻ֣Ҫ룬ûһ᲻Ҫ
ʱǳºýˡ
ɱŲãҹ嶼ھһǰЩѹȥͺĹ˳ºо
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ҶҲˡ
˵ֱ̫أ˵
Ҷ۵˼ߵߣץļ򣬰ץҽ
Զ׼ˣں󺰣ҽңͲȥ𣿣

ǰܣȱȥȥƷˣȻʧ˭ģϰģ
ԭͷҲصͣ˽ŲЩתͷ㡣
Զ׺ܿʰҽĶƿƿ޹ȫս˹ּֿ죬ʰԺ̳˵ŵ㣬ʱضѪݶҪɨܾá
˵꣬ԶͬĿһѵˡ
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˵꣬Զסʥ̾˿ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ӽϢңԼҲ˽ȥȻϢҵš
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һĲҽС
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ߺҶ۲Ŷɯ˵ȥǣΣգ֪ô
ôôáɯǺܸˡ
ҶЦҪ˳ɳĻᣬһֱᣬһֱɲó
ҶۻǵָԹǳЩС쵼ϲ˶ԣΪĸ˴£һֱ˰¡
ʱ䳤ˣȷʵԽԽܸɣЩˡҲԽԽ
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;ͨ𣿲ѧ쵼ռ䣬ȵľԶȵġ
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ǻ׼ǮǮû˻ͻԴǣû˾ʲôûˡ
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ҶվԭԼ·֪ͲΪʾ֣ش·ˣֲ㻹壬¶һ㣬°ڻ䵽ϣֱû˸ʵĽֵ๤

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ǻԼ˽ȴִڵΪⳬһжܹɽƣԼȻڴ֮ǰûϲơ
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Ҷۣ¹࣬ҾȵͰգȲ¹İգûôʱ䡣
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ѩȴĻ˶Цп˵
ѩĺôˣҲС˱زʧ
֪Ҫתڴ˿̡
ܸı˵ˣǴˡ


120 
ͳڣвԶլƻͨʹǾŻѣūŹꡣ
˽ŲҴңŮվǽǴϢվţڵ˷
һˣ²ϼϣ
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ǰȻºˣ֪ͳǴ󶯵²ˡ
˿ǣЦһĳ¹ݳº˵ɱһž𣿲ӵܶ࣬ƽϣǼƽºֻڳ¹ﵱ
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ӵվЩŵس˵үүΪΣǶǾϵĳӣö˴ɣΪѴףӦֹ˺̸ǮҲʧ
Ļû˵꣬˾һĸߵú˼˵Ĳ²վȽŸ
ûѪԣָӵܵıӣΪж
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Ȼ͵Ķ֧֧Ҳֹú벻õģݽԶˣԽԽЩܳ⣬Щֻܺ
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122 
Ҷۻûüȥˣ͵õҼ׵ܣҾصˣܼƭö꣬˽ȻռϣǻӵԾϢ
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123 
ǿǮɯԺŵӣŵĵһ
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ҲЦˣǾº׼¹գӣ³زᣬֻܽʳ٣¹³վҪܿˡ
̲סĳ¹Ա޿̵˵Ǯ򻹺˵³ֲȱǮΪдǿо
Ŀ˵ĹԱ̾³սΪ˱¹֪˶³ж³ֵֵ֮֮Ӧﻥһ˰һ˱ֻܿˡ
¹Ա㡢ǿʶ
û˵ȥ
¹ԱȻ󲿷ֶҳڶһ£¹汻ıȡһˣοӵܣܻôǿ¹
ֻǽĻ뷴ȴҲҷ
³һֱڳҪҲǮܱԹãԹһҪǵһ߻Ҫǣ³񣬵ʱԹǣͽ첻Ӧеصزˡ
ӵѾͷ˫ȭ
¹ǡ
˴裬ȴҪ
Ŷʳ¡ºһȻģ̾³ʹҲ֪ҳ¹ЩǸ³ʳҳ¹İҲҪԷģԷǱûɻֵأҲûʳ
˳ºĻºдʣҴ˴£Ϊ̸ʳ¡
ºϸǣԹͣ³ɲһΪ¹ߣϹۡ
º³ʹĪҪŭĪҪŭʵЩ¹չҲã³ʹȻЪϢ³̣³³ʹٻȥΣ
º϶ºûôӸ³ŸɣΪֻ˵ǻºǣ򡭡
ûѻ˵꣬Ҳǣתȥ
˹˺һ˵ϡ֪˵˼
ĳ¹ǸҶˣЩһϹĹԱ
ΪʲôҪ
˶ʣѵ˾Ͳ
Ҷ۵ʱҲǲϳƺֻǶλӺ棬δҪĵ
ºֻ˵ζҪڳ¹ͳȥҳ¹նҪ
ĳȰϲɣɰ
˼
ϣ³ֻҪҳ¹ط֣Ҫ㡭˰ɣ
᳼˵ʱǸͷ
ǣٶʳҲ˸߿һֻۣǳ¹ų򣡡
вڼҳ¹ط֣Ī˵˳ԱֻҪ³Ҫҳ¹Ҳչúã
ҳ¹ӲһأǻΪǺ۸
ҳ¹ҳ¹ˣ
ϳ󺰵³һǣһǻսթݶǶﲻ𰡣ϣΪ˳¹̡һʱ֮ɣ
ϳԸ
᳼ҲԸϣ³ҳ¹ˣЭǱػ䱾ҵԸΪЧԸΪ¹Ч
ºЩ᳼ǣֿһ˵ϳǣڰ֣мƽϣȥɡ
˵̨꣬ףٴڡ
ºȣʯϤӰ˿󲽳߹ȥ

ˣҶۺŲʳº
ʯϰŵģЩĵҶòݶｻǵġ
ͳڶ̯ϰѧӱ׵ãԲαƨ࣬ɶǾһõĲˡ
۶ӵ㽴ܳԡ
ѹʵ϶߶ɣܷźܾá
ʦͨѧ˽ɸ飬ֻΪܱʱ䡣
֪ѿǵͳҲִ߽ѿǵģѿҪʳ۸Ҳߣ˲̫࣬ɼһմǮЩ쵹ҲС
ºŴ׷ĵģϴЦˣҳ¹Ҫ䣬ʹӽʼ
Ҷû˵ʲô֮ǰѾ˳ºԼܿҪˡ
֪ҪȥĶºСؿҶۡ
Ҷ֪ºС˼Ҳ˵ڴ˼䡣
º˿Ȼˣǰ֪ߣýһˡ
Ҷȥ
ҶۣˣµЩºҲհᣬþãñţպͼ֮ɡ
˿ƾ⣬Ҷۻº˲ϡ
¹Ҫǿ³ӣҪʮ꣬ʮʱ䡣
ºһҪ֪ˣҳ¹Ѿ˸ֽ˴СҪΪһ񡣡
Ҷ㶡
Ϊʲôôִ
ϸλ棬ЩҲҪ
һλĵˮƽҶҲûֹ
ºҶûоܾʣ˿зţ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷºɡ
֪Լ⣬ԺҪ߳ܵĶ
˲û̸ãº԰Ҷͳţһ·͵˳ſڡ
֪˭˳Ϣ˳ȥֵվ˰գʿǶΧ˹
ȺбȥԶԶȥֻܿһʻ롣
Ⱥɢȥ˲ŶЦ˵Ϊ
Ⱥȥ
ʣֵӣӦº̸ˣ
ЦЦҲ̸̸£¹ƾʲô³̸Ҳޱ䣬ǵ³Ǳ㲻ҪǵˣֱҪ˳¹ĵأ
ͻȻЦԣԹʹ
ȴ˵¹³֮䣬³ͬˣϷֳ¹
Ц⵹Ǹ⣬һȥʾϡ
˵˵ЦЦֱʱ
Ϸֳ¹
˵¹ǵԷϷֳ¹͵ûջ
ֻԼУԷޣӮ


125 
Ҫߵ죬Ҷûǰ֪ͨº
뿪ʱ򿴵ɽХȺԽԽͷۡ
Լ֪ҶҪˣºնҪŰݼʱԼʱ̫ӣʱߵѩ
ѩѾȷĹְ̫ʦ
λ͵ҲߣѩԼӣҲҹ⡣
Ҷ۵Ǿãѩڳºԣ̬ȲлҶദ޲Ҷϣйڿƾٺɷȫ
ʵڷɣҶû̫ϣΪʱͬƾƶҪڵȥ޸ģοˡ
Ȼû̷ǣȴ񷨡
¸ʵԼ̷ֻݲͬ
³ȻûӷͬѾϸ涨˹ɱ˺˺ĺȻɲóҪܳͷһֽˡ
һûСƵɷ
ûлҲûм̳зȵȣȫƾԼ׳ɡ
̷ѩ񷨸Ȥ
ҳЩСɷǼëƤС¡
෴ҹһϣԼ˲Ļš
ЩĻŶ֮ǰסҶ׼լʱʶģϸѡ֮Ϊɽʶ֮ʿ
Ⱥ˴һ𣬹ȻȫѾŵϡ
̷ºȥġ
ĲУﲻִԴ̰ﷸûй
ǻֱӰﷸȥǼˣǾˣҲûʲô⡣
̷̫ϸҲãûִưֶΣҲûôͶ뵽һȥ޸ʵóºʿǿԴ
ºûΪ޸ɷͣ½Ųܿ䲼˶ʮȾ͸ս
֮ǰºļξٶó¹ٹȻμ䶯ô󣬰նˣֻ֮ΪʵУһ¡
ԭºΪǸλ
û뵽պǣӼ̡
ˣܼ̳оλ
õٺ»Ȼܴﱲһ㵱Լսɳ̶ɲơ
ûжȴŮŮȻܼ̳оλõٺ»ֱޡ
һֱޣһֱٺ»
ʱ˵֪Ϊһ¹Ůӳ޵ˣĶˡ
񲢲ǺʲôԼкôˣǵȨ׶ֻƾֱ
ǵֱȴ׼ľˣʱ֪ЩܸԼٺôѾʼŻȡôķˡ
ȻŮ޷ϮֻҪô֣λϮϮû
ϾϮǲսҲûϮ
Ȼ˺ôǾͲóȥмҾƶĶԸ׸Ҳ²ϾҼҾҼˣҲһͬͬ⡣
Ůõٺ»;ܷŵȥ
׸Ǹ˲𲻴󣬲ΪзǶӣȻзȥŮңзøգĺҲȫŮա
Ǹ˽֡׸ʽ
Ը⵱ҲԽԽ࣬ǰԸ⵱Ϊ¹㵱˱õٺ»Ҳࡣ
Ϊʿӣٺ»ѹڴ̺ŷǵʿԴǰܲ
˵Ǯáÿһᣬɱж˻оλˣ̺Ӷܺúûȥ𣬰Ǿ͸ˡ
ЩļͥһСǿż׳ȥ
ͱɷģҲ˶ˡ
¹ı仯ԳƵһǧƺնϢ
ҹһʼ֣ҲȤ췴췴ǸԵԼͷˡ
Ƿٺͳºֻ֣ܺԼķأº־ְɣҲһǰˣȵʲôʱºҪǵķˣٶԸºҲ١
¹ı䷨ǳºͻ룬֣ȻһȺʿԸ׷ʿǵ޵ģûأҲûмǵȨǳºġ
˳¹˵㣬ûȫҡ
ԱǶųºֹˣ湻ˣص족
ºһδ˽ʣص鷿ŵһ˲䣬ϴЦ
ͷΣÿÿص鷿ˬ
鷿ȫǷܱʼʿǣʮʮնû뿪ڹʱ䶼ڳº鷿Ϊˣ˴Ҳôʱͷɢд
ִʱ޲öִˡ
˶ˣйɺζŴͨ磬ζܰѬ
ɼˣºʱҲǿġ
֪Լһôʲôʱƺ֮ǰƺһΡ
ѩڳºȥսȥͲ㱻ѬȥԺ߽鷿
ζʵǡ׳Ϊʲôǳˡ
ȻЬ
ºûʲôʿӷʿѭ浸أǱûʿӵķˡ
ʿӶԷΪ˵ЬˣʫˣܳȥĶУǼˣҲֻһ䲻Сڡ
ӦҪˡѩºûйȥʿǣС˵Ҫʵģ⼸˲źá
ºЦҿ˸ĶѾˣдҲϸһζȥˣߺǻ˭
ѩ㶣΢΢ףӢ
ºڰ֣ӢʲôҲӢǲˣһҪŽʣ޶ȡ
Ⱦôǣաº⣬ҳ¹տЩ꣬Ҳùˡ

ֻһѡҶۿϵͳλ档
λһĻСС;ƵꡱҲҶ۵Աᡣ
λЩƿڣһ֪ǺĻȦĵط
Ҷ۰ڵϣȥһ̾˵ط顣
۹ıԵشطܸԣԣֻǶˣƶǳ
йطĽҶֻһ仰
λ棬Ҷ۵ǺȤ
λ治࣬壬ھ顢ؾ˺Ͱˣûħʹ⣬ù嶼С
Ҷۿ˰죬Ҳûλûħ
Ҷ׼Ծǰһ̣üûҶ˵ɯͻȻ˵ϰ壬Ҫҵλһˡ
Ҷ۵ִŲ
ɯ
ɯƽ˵ͻȻһеûûȥһ¡
ҶۣԼܻȥ𣿡
ɯλûȥ˲ͨȥ
ܡɯӶϵͳлȥѡҪ׼ݼ١
ҶɯָµӶҳ棬׼ɯݼ١
ɯҶ۵Ĳڻ̲ס˵̫ãڻǸ
Ҷۡһ̧ͷɯû˵ʲô
ɯȴû˵ǰڰ֣Һܿͻ
һȥܡ
ͬһʱֻһ
ʧ
ȻˣóᣬȥֵǺĸ׶ˡ
ǲֿ̫á


126 
ܣ
ĵؾڿտƽҰϱܡ
ֻһõĶ̿㣬ȫ¶˺ۣͲҶĦԼĴϢ
֪˶ãؾһʯͷ˵˵ϡ
һò֪ƣĵؾʧȥڲݵ﷭˸̧͸ָȥͷĻ졣
ֻһ̧ߵָסԼ۾﷢͵͵ʣڿޣȴϹš
ˣӳˣ
ûжֶϽţҲûб׷ϣӽ쿪ʼˣ
ؾִԳһݣһ߾׽һ
վԼƨϵ飬ãȻĻܣһų̫ķȥ
ôһֱǰߣ˾ͺͶһˮ˾ҵҰֲ
ؾ֪ԼҪȥ֪ԼĶżҲֻƿ
żҲܿѺ͵ū
ͷˡ
ҹȥֻԶԶĿһۡ
ʱ򾭹֣Ҳܿ˻ĺۼؾȥѰңסɽ붼֪Ҳ˶٣
ؾżҲһطͣһʱ䣬Χֻһ˼ҵӣҲСĵҪһʳ͸ɾˮ
طһ޴ūؾҲһ棬о̵ĵؾү
Сūǵһ֪ԭеؾū
֪˶죬ؾһǱͣ£ҸŵĵطĲϣҷݹڷԵĵط
Χת˺üȦѡһСǡ
ǲ󣬳ǽҲǽζӦúܶûˣïܣؾЩͿĢ;ΪڳҲתһȦҲ
Ҳᵽߴ۲죬סܶ࣬ĳֻͨһ壬嶼˺ūܿסڶС¥ĵؾҲܿȶľ顣
һطõõؾΪԼ˻þ
סˣƺƽõ
ܿһĵؾǣźӵ·ϣǴ鲼·ϴЦӵﻹһСӣ߲ˮ
˲ûжǲĿ
һ˸ͨûʲôֵùעĵط
ؾ۲һ£Խǹ۲ԽĽԽΪǵľ
ôһ˴֮ûûӣСĵؾҲֱͦ
ûڿһū
û˵ֽϴ
һ峿ؾ͵͵˽ȥҴӳŽȥ˼Ȧҵ˳ǽһƶҺ㹻СְȻѻĥƤ˽ȥ
˳ڻǲҳǰֻܶˡ
ڣؾ˼֮ҹҵ֮ǰ۲һڷǰ
ǵؾԷôҸԸ
㲻ԸӦҲ淢ɣ
ؾ⻧˼ҵķţܿ죬ú͵ơ
˵ܴ֣ű˳ѵĲǴš
ſʱ򣬵ؾú͵ɢĻƹâû¶ȣȴõؾ¡
˿վֻʣһѹͷĵؾ˼룬Ϻܿ˺ͰЦݣ΢΢õؾܹ߽ڡ
ɣǴģȥõԵġûжʲôǺ߽ڡ
ؾС߽ȥϲֻ֣̿ûн
ԼĽŻὫķſڵĵϲĦԼĽŵףȷûŹ߽ȥ
ûеƹ⣬ΨһĹԴֻŵú͵ơ
ؾȻӣǲҶֻվſڣĶԷǻˡ
˺ܿú͵ƴӳﻹһС
˳ؾ֡
ؾķҺ۾ð̹⡣
Ҫȥʱ¥ϴ˽Ų
Ů˴С¥ˡ
ؾҶˣ£±Ů˸ϳȥ
еûеŮ˵ᣬվ¥ϳɷ˵𣿡
̧ͷЦ·˰ɣӦö˺ܾãԱʡ
ŮߵߣǣźӣһͳһģҸ΢Ц
Ҫ԰ɡŮˣȥ㵹̣ţֻ̲ˣ𣿡
ؾѾ˵ߣ̻ʣԺѸ̧ͷŮ˲ϵͷ
ụ̺ܹ̄󣬱˵ЩūūҲܾȵ
Ů˺ܿȥһţ̡
С˻ӹóԼǹޣץһǷŵؾǰϡ
ؾųţۿͺˡ
ûܹ⡣
һ˶Ǻˡ
ؾһһ߾׽ĵ׷ģһҪһˡ
Ա󣬵ؾ˿Ϸú͵ƣһ˶ΧѯΪʲôΪʲôôǱ
̫ůˣһĳ̫ãؾȫüȻǵؾӦҲûʲôǽԼг
ǿŮ̾˿ؾȥﶼá
ʣôãû˻ᷢ𣿡
ؾҡҡͷ˺ܾòҵмʮ졣
࿴һۣ΢Ц˵Ӧúۣһշ䣬úϢ
ؾмĶ˵һҵһᱨǵģҵһȫǡ
ãǶǵؾӦû˴ŵؾȥշ䣬ռһ¥ŵʱؾûŵҳζ侹Ȼ˻ɨ
һŴŮ˻һӡ
ؾϻ̳Ͽ֣һûôҸ޲ô˿̾ͰԼĸڳԷ޿жм
˯վڷſڣᣬһ緹
ؾæӦáõġ
Żϡ
ʧˡ
ؾŷ֣侹Ȼûдһ뿪Сߵſڣš
ûϡ
ؾ˿ЩԼĶɣԼĶͷ
˺ͬ壬ȻɱҪ
ʲôôһѪҲûбĶˣοһѪҲֵǮ
ؾûȥ˯ûϴ裬ͷ飬ͻңȥŪҺ˵ĴߵǽǣԼһš
Ȼû˯ĴϣҲûбӣõҰ޳֣Ҳҹĺ紵ؾı۾˯˹ȥ


ؾһ۵ĹâŪѡ
Щ㱣֪ʲôסԼ۾ӦʱԼĶˡ
ҵһԸ˼ң˼ҵ
һһĵطʹһˣ
Ȼؾ֣žֵķ֣ԼǸûдķܣԼһķ򿴹ȥ
һϤӰ߷Χڡ
˱ھӲԶһ˵
ūؾ˶Ǹ˵Ҳû˻֣ᷢҲ׷
ˣǻԼɣ
ͷȻԣֻҪ¸Ҳʱ
򴽣С˵ܽݶѾйˡ
ȴޱ˵ûйϵҲʲô취ÿͥÿ±뽻һ˹˵õĽס
취Щͷۡ
ڸʲôؾץˣ˴󺰣Ҫʲô
תͷ˵ؾһۣƺЩģѸתߣѸٳȥ
ؾֻܳվԭص庰ҪҸʲô
忴ԼǾĸɰͰ͵ĵؾ̫ۣޱ˵㲻ð׷ˣǵ£㺰öûҲ˾㡣
ģʳܹȥƺһֱסڵ£ûнӴ⣬Ƥǲ̬Ĳ԰ס
ǣһ̶
ؾǰɫֱˡ
ؾ˳ŷķȥ˴¥һꡣ
СƤѥӣһʿñһСŵβҲƯɫͷ͵Ƶҫ·͵Ĺ⡣
һֻӹһӣЦ̶ţֱϵһѪ֣Ҳ䵱ҵĽ㣿
קӣ¥ƺʲô
ؾǡǸˣ˺СǵؾҲǰˣ壬ͷֻһԭɫȹӡǸŮ
ݵסȹ޴Ĵӡ
ǸǣĲӣǸ˩סŮӵӣŮֻڵУؾŷֽ֣Ŷһֲ˼ĽǶԡ
Ůһ֫˹Ϊ˲УֻùؽڵŵС
ǣŮߵɫ԰׵ǰ˦ʣ˵»ˣ
ŵؾ˲ٴɫǰͷ־壬˵ǵү
ָĵؾ
ǣŮߵӱߣһɾ޴Ŀ־ӭؾһƨɵ˵ϡ
˶ӣƺζ
ôôס˱ӡ
˵ūûüʰ
ƲƲ죺Ҳϲؾ´ץ㾫
˵һǵģүϲѪѾү׼ˣС㡭
ſڵϵŮ
һߵϣСȴ߷ʮԶ
ʲôС㣿һ֡ͷŮЦߵĶ
Ĺ
ѵȫڲȴҪ߹ȥСĵ˵˵ĳѾڵ˿ʧٵˣҪԼȥԡ
귳Ůһţ֪ĸѾ˵ˣ㲻ظ
˿
ˣ˵ĸд˼ˣ۾Ҫ켸ֵ𣿡
岻˵
Ķħ࣬ȴѪ̡
תܿӦԼݣļҲǿ˿־ĵز
תԼġĸסиֺӡ
ԼӴӣɱԼġ㡱Ȼҹ֣Щ˻ǹ˼šС㡱ǹŮ֡
ʼûбֳԼĺݶԸڡС㡱ǰװõܵܵӡ
ֱ֣𡰴С㡱ĸ׸ϵжȥˡ
ɱԶ޷ǰ֪иֽ㡣
ߣĹʵһв̾ߵƷ
֫ϣȻ֫ỵû˰½ϣԶվ·
壬˵䡣
װѪľƿʱϵŮ
ﶼͬ顣
ΪŮΨһŮȻĺӣԭӦñҹ󣬸Ҹ
ȴһ֡
ҡ


127 
ϵͳ˸ˡҶߵſڣдеľһŵݵķ㣬
γȴûڻĽҰ⣬ԶȥܿȺɽĴ̡
⸽˼ңд򣬶ڵĵطȻΣСʱҵһС·С·ȥǺʵ˵Ĵ·˳·ǳǰ󣬶ܵ
Ҷۻͦϲģ⼸ȥ̽·ܿ˺͵ؾб·ߡ
˿ƺһڵӣȻ磬ƼչȻȶ½úܶࡣ
еոտʼչӡ
Ҷ۲ֻ֪䡱ĵطãҶٰ⼸Ĺ۲죬⸽һ紾ӣȻӣڣ󲿷˶ԣƺûʲô⡣
ȥôλƽõһ
ҶۻûóȻȥ˴򽻵ɯ뿪֮󣬹ԱûˣֻܿǱ棬ﵽôûʲôεĹЩ֪
ҶҲ̫ģֵܵˣȫû⡣
ΨһǣҶ۲ìܣֻΪͬˣͲģġ
£һˡҶ۳ոߵߵ˵ǶʺֱӺ˴򽻵
Ǻƽ֮ǰļλ棬ʱǿǵľ٣ٻȥﲻǣǳԴҲһ㣬ҲûͶҽĵز
Сĵ㣬ǶԼãҲǶԱ˺á
ʣҳȥң
Ҷ룺ǿԣĺ
Ҷۿ˿Ȼ˶ûʳĵزҲؾЩͲ˵ˣͨ;飬ôߵҶ۶û
ڳ࣬ٺÿҲ˵ĺÿ
Ҷ۵۾Ȼȥ̵﷭һ¡
ǵԼǰЧױգ˶ܸ֣ǰ˻ŷӦҲɣ
ֻðѱӺüһ档
ֻҪʺϵļС
ȥû䣬ӦþͲ⡣
ҸӸߡȻټҲûУҶϻػһˣ׶ࡣ
Ȼ˼ҿڻͻ߼֤˳һװҲر֡
ҶۻصϢ̵﷭ʮӣ㷭Чױĵߡ
һԶƣֻҪڵԸǰɨ沿ϢǱ߾
۸ҲˣֳɵֻҪټǧҪ꣬ҪӼҪٷ֮ʮ
Ҷ۲ǮҲûʲôǮĵطƽҲֻгԴԵĻȻ٣ԼһµĻʳҲܿǧң͸ˣֲҪȥˣ·ã㴩궼ỵ
ĹԱ㰮·Ҳǳǰı˻
Ҷ۵ǮԽԽ࣬ûлǮĵطۼ۸ͺܴ󷽵ĽйԱÿ˶ڵԸǰɨһ飬ʱ嵽˾Ͷܳȥߣ˵ز
˼ͻױ֮Ҷ۾ٴβ˻ȥ̽ģҲкøеĳ
ԱҶ۵򶨣ԱǾͺ˷ˡ
ֻǲΪλ棬ΪԱᡣ
ȻѾԱסһʱ䣬ɶһгȤȻҲͨ磬õĶҲֻеơ
û֮ǰԹԱ˵ѾǺõĲٺõס
ԱȣԵøª
¹Ưϲľǡᡱ¹Ͳݶסһ󴲷䲢СһС̨ʹźɹܵϴ»
Ҳһ߸ɻһ߸ͣô¹񣡻ʺ϶ûУ
˵ɶأʺô·϶һ컻һף˵ʺ¹ǵӻ󡣡
ǻʺ϶ûסǵӣ
Աÿε¾°صԼ᷿䲻󣬿ɸ⡰󡱣ƾͺͳĲһĵƿ֣Ʋǣǻͭ죬СˮװΡ
ǽŻƲӵͿֻ·ǽֽ
̨̨òŸֻҪţһ輸ԡ
Ҷۻÿ΢¯ڳѡÿ΢ʳȥԡ
Ц˵ʲôóˣģҲѣֻҪʵʵ£ݣȥõطһӾ
йݣҲ˵Զ
ݵʱ򣬻ǴӾСѡһ
һش˵ôҵĵطҶǵù
ǰ磬֪ܼܲڰ޳λүǼû±ˣ
õô룺ǲȥˣ㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪӿǡ
ݶʶü֣Ҳм£ȥɯ˵ģҲǻȥū
Ա㿴ңҿ㣬ȻȰ˵ūҲ̫ˡ
̾ˣڷҸһӵĻòõõһǮ
ҼǮɶҹܡŮԱȰϺˣܹӡ
ÿһۣƽ˵ҵǮҪܳԹܺȣͷӦ꣬ҪܺӣǮǴﾭһŹܼҵĻùܼҵǮ
ҪӴӣҪɻźˣֵǮԼҲãҵɯ˵ūûʲô
ŮԱһ㶣ֺҲˣЦ˵ҲȱҺˡ
Ҷϱ޹ȥŹţһԼﶼûʲôǮ
ֲ˵ϱǳءŮԱЦ˵ֻЩҾûˣͺ񿪴һҴֻһƶģҪ
ãҲǴҿؾͺܺãϱ˼Һ͸ĸֿס߶Ҫ߶ģТ˳ҲҪТ˳ͬһ£Ҫࡣ
ŮˣҲ󣬲ݶҪأȥǶķֵɻ
ԺҸˣҲҸɫǲˣҲȥ
Լˣɷֻһͳףô꣬ĸӣ˵ʲôꣿȫȻûеģһӡ
̸ʲô鰮ŹŮȱԺȵĽ֦ҶǶοЩˮ﷭ڵˡ
˵ͲݶһӣߣȥĵطˣҲˣһشûʲôӹôҲǲٹɲݶᣬ˼ʶ۽磬ٽȥǻ
ԱǶĬͷٶкӵġ
ǲܻȥ
ҼҲǸŮ޶ĶУŮ޿ɲУ̧ܽͷ˵ĵط
ҪǾһطɣһȥ˴ҲиӦ˵ܽŮ׼ҡ
ԱЦոյԥҲûˡ
ã±ʲôҲû֪ܹⱲӾˣ
ĺףĲݶǸ۶ĺӣֵطݶȥҪ۸Ůû桰á̵סԼ͸ˡ
ɼ棬ʶ֣֪ԼľԹ߲첻Ҳˡ
⻰һ˵Ȼһ϶˵Щ˴ǲŲŮʶ֡
ˣǹŮǻҪʶֵѽ
ü棬ڰ˵ʶʲôѽЩŮŮѵҾǲвݶ֣ҲЩˣ
ݶ·ʱ˵Щ£ҲվԱ
һһߵͷǲԸشˡ
ʳ˭Ը£
Լҡޡȥ׻ǸˣúӴˣȢϱżˡ
ڱ˼ҿɫһǰ뱲ӣǰú磬ζܲˡ
ݶȻһԼûбȱǿĵطų½ѧѻ׼ͷãҲûģҲѧ񶷣ôŬӮҪǱصģʹӮˡ
ǴɨЩܸɣҲܸɡ
ʵɲʲôó
Ҳ˵˹Ա
ôһ룬ֱһǴ
ǲݶ̷ĳϢȥ

Ҫȥ̽ϢҶۿŲݶôҲû뵽ݶǵһµġ
ϾԱǶһָһŬҶ۵ҪҲԸȥҪΪиɵʲôǾˡ
ҲǣϾҶڵλ棬ԱҲǸٹ¡
Ͼ͸˼ô㹤ʣ˼ȥΪ⣿ϰȷʵģܡ
ҶЦʣôȥ˭̽Σô죿
ݶⱲӶûתôæ˵ŮˣС½˽䱸벻ĸ磬ǿŮûʲôĵġ
ƾʲôܴ̽Ϣ͸ࡣ
˵ڶ㣺ҲðȻȥ̽ӦȽӴС
ΣҾӣҴǹȿǹסˣӡ
Ҷû뵽ݶЩ⣬ЩˣЩο
УȻѾ˾ȥҶۣ㲻ԼһȥҸ㡣
ǻҪһЩĶ
֮ܰȫҪģܶ̽Ϣã̽Ҳûʲô


128 
ЧױĹߺͼ岻͵ˣҶۻСδļԭΪױǼ鷳£ϾЧױճϼ壬Ҫױ
˵ױ
Ҷ۴óΨһлױ˾ֻˡ
ϾСѧʱǾ̨ݵģױʦæʱҲŻױʦͬѧʲôģȻĸƨɲ̨࣬ƹһҲͦ
ûͬѧˡ׷ɱ
ɼļܵ˹㷺Ͽɡ
ΪÿܼĶֻЩˣټǰԳŮԱûһױġ
Ҷ⣬ûˬˮ
ҶԽԼø⾫¡
ݶϣҶ۸ϡαװķϵʱŸأݶôҲ벻ϡ
˵ܣǾͿ϶ܡ
ݶ۾оԼֵģǱ˫ִĵط
ڸɷ
Ķôøɯһ
ˡҶ۷֣ű۵ĲݶóֻݶƬ
ȻϼûʲôϾֲúЧʵ
ݶڿŷû
ʵüûе߶٣ͱͷȻҲ˼壬ҶҲûøƽʱж󣬵Щϸ΢ĲǱһˡ
ΪǶƵļ壬Էɫûв죬Ҫױ
ݶ۾ԼһðŷӦԼ
ȥԼ
Ҷ۶ˡ
ݶַ̰¡
ЧױߣҶԼҲܳȥˣڸݶŪͰһ׽ԼвУûʲôѶȣոնˡ
ȻûнӼ͹ߣǳ򶨣첻߳ܵ˵ҲС
Ҷۣ
Ҷãĵͷۼ塪ʹ÷ô򵥣һСаɣ
Ҷ̧ͷǸӣֻǸѵѾ̶
Ҷֻ˵ãȸŪá
ϣûбۣҶ沿ȶԡ
Ҷ۵ָϸǽڷûм̣֣Ĺǽ֤һܸоļϣҶ۵ָᰴѹżԵ
ڱ۾
һдĸйﶼ޷Ŵ
Ҷ۵ֺᣬû޶˸һԼӵĴ
һõĻУҶ۵ʱΪԼ˻þ
ŪˡҶļ
Цֲڴߣô㿴žҪ˯ˡ
˫ۣ΢΢ͷҶ۵۾
ҶۣɣҪԼŪˡ
վߵҶ˵Ұ㡣
Ҷ۰ڰ֣ˣԼԸԼŪͲҪҵƷˣŲݶȥʰɣŪǾͳ
ղԵĲݶ߳Ϣҡ
Ȼ֪վﲻԣֱ뿪ϢұȽϺá
γȥ͹ˡҶ۸Լױʱ˵ô
ҶҪ˳ɳĻᣬȻԺҪҲɯһʱҪȥҾһ˵
΢üͷҪ˵ԼߣͻȻʲôһֶû˵
Ҷ۸Լüϸ۲һ£ȷûĵطվȥʰҲȥȥɡ
ҪʰĶҲǹǮ
ҶۿʹõĻңҽҺͭңܿһ㶼֧ͭĽס
ھԶҲϸͭҵĴСͻơ
Ҷۻ׼һԴӵﻻҵĶ
õġҶתȦֻ˼κͼǡ
ֻҪǹҵʱǺԶȱг
ҶҲĳﲻȱЩִˮ
һУСĵ㣬˿ҲŽʹͲݶһš
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Ϊ·ƽ̹Ķֲ࣬Ҷ۵ܷɣԼڽ̤ĸо
óֻƬ
ݶʱҲ뾳գֻὩӲĶžͷһ֡
Ѿ֪ÿĶˡ
ҶҲͣǸãΪȻĳÿƬÿ
˺ܿߵһ˼Ҹǰ
⻧˼Ҳ۲壬һˣֵΪ
ҲܳϷӣҲԲ⡣
Ӧƽеƫµˮƽ
ҲΪزࡣ
סҲľݣȶ½ľݣľݾԵø߶˴ö࣬дεݶſڻ̨׺ľդиССԺӣŻݡ
ȻҶϲЩݵ࣬÷ïãľҲĵ
˭洫
ΪзͨϰҶۺŵغ·ˡ
ľźܿͿˡ
һ˳Ųɫ鲼·ŴӲߣͷֱҶ۵°͡
ЩĿҶۺĿ䵽ݶϵʱһЩ
κʱԸŮǲ߱вġ
ֻ˳ſڣھͻ¹š
Ϊ˴һһͲūûܹŰŮˣĽ䱸ľûôء
Ҫʲô˻ûǽȥ
Ҷ΢Ц˵Ǵӱ߹ģ·ϰǮˣǻκǣҪĻǿһʽס
ˣóҿ
Ѳ򿪣óһκһǡ
Ҷ۴ӹιޣѸӴ򿪣Ȼѹӵݸˡ
֣СĵشιһСγǰηŵյǼţȻȷԺ˵ҲҪǣֻҪΣǮ
ҶЦ˵Ҳֵ֪٣Ǳ
ȳָ
ƺԥһ£˵ȵȡ
·ڣûãͰöҽҶۡ
Ҷ۰պãûס˵ҪȥǰĻǵǸߡ
ˣΪʲôǱȥ
Ҷ۸һɫǰסţ˲̻صڡ
˱ιޣţǰֵһҶۣι޸ǲ᲻ãҲ֪ԼǵĶֻ֣ε˵Ҳ˵
һֱдԣ˵Ǹ֡ҿ˿ȷΧû֮С˵ǸȥͶǣ֮ҲûЩˡ
ˣҲֻ·ǣ߾ˡ
ЩҲû֤ݣڲ¡
Ҷۿ˶ȷû˵ѣ˻ҶߣҶ۳ЦЦǲ˼ҲǵΣա
ȴһ㲻Ƕ˵̱ι޻ӣʮֹϵĹţûҶ˵ʲô
Ҷ뿪˲һ˷ܱιȥ˳
öң
ЩֻҪöң
Ȼܶ࣬ѩ׵ΣһζûУöѾռˣ
ԡ
ͣڳſڣôû˻ûˣ
ѼҵͿգתȥҲһʣ
˰ι޷£ּԼĶͷ׼׷ȥһҪ·ǸӣǷˡ
ǸʮŷչģǰֻһССĴ䣬ֻʮ໧ˣʮǰͻȻһŮ޽˳Ǳ滮˵·
ϵԽԽ࣬ÿ˿Ҹ
Χıؾ񶼾ʲôطԾ
ܾΪ̫ҸˣҸʵҸ͸Ź졣
˲ش˸¡


129 
ؾùĳʵӸߴȥֻһ֣֧һǱȶ½ʯݱǱƺΰˡ
ΧӵĳǽʮֵͰΪʱûд̣ԳǽʵʧȥԭãľҲ
Ҷ۹۲һϣֻıؾ
ȷʵе㲻ԡݶڳ緹ʱ˵ӣʮ˶ȥ㲻ǸϼӣżҲȥ̻ǲꡣ
ݶҧһΣֺһţ̣֮Ž˵϶йŹ֡
˵ȥ˸Ρ
ʵΣǺɱȡ
ϸĭȻݶ٣ΪͣҲһ㲻һЩˣԽȥڳ㣬ݶһ˾ܳ
滹ǳκãζҲ٣˾ûǸζˡ
ݶԵ㣬Ҷ۵θҲͺһЩֻһͷˡ
ˣȽȥɡݶԼӧһԾҪӵá
ҶҲûֹݶòݶȥǰڵġ
ͺͲݶԼ˵һӲߣǸŮ˭̫ġ
ȥòݶȥ϶ֲͬĽ
Ҷۻ˵ǵ֮ǰ˵ĻҺһֱ㣬ܱĻԼһҪСġ
ݶͷһǹ౸һӳУӵҲˡ
Сϻһذס
ȻҶԴռϷ磬Ըûѧ񶷵˻Ǻɵġ
ҶǰûѧʱҲΪھ£κμɶǻȭȣѧԺ֪ʵ˺֮ǰʱûо
Ů֮䣬ϣٽҲѹһٽСӴ
ˡʮŮӮһٶ˲̫ܡ
һٶʮŮԣֻҪѵӮûѵģһʮڵʵѡ
ݶڵؾһٶʮңΪѵݶ֬Ůƽ֬Ͳ١
ĸ˴ֻҪһȭܴжԷ̫Ѩ°ͣһ롣
ǵҪǱһӵϣ˵ݶˣȥҲƴս
ǹҲסԷ壬ݶȡܵʱ䡣
һ˻ʱ򣬾¾ʱ
ǲݶߵʱҶۻ̲סٴΆµĶǹһʧ˼أ˯Ϣʱ֣ǹҲûá
ݶ˵ҿ϶ǵĶҲǵˮҹ
ҶۻǲģͲݶһȥͱץס˼
ȥɡҶ۶˵ѳˣǺӡ
ҶһڻǶԲݶͷȥɡ
ݶӦһöҳȥ
Լ˵ҪǡҶ۵һƿˮ
Ҷ˼
ԼҪùԱǶɳ浽ǾΣյʱ̲סġ
ҶۿЦǸǡ
ദʱ䳤ˣ˸飬ŶԷΪ˳߽Σ̲סġ
ΡͻȻ˵ǽйϰ壬ԹԱΡ
Ҷ۵ͷΪԼգҿҲעôš
Ҷ۵Ĳ
Ҷ۴ˣҶǸ⻤̵ˣƽʱʱܿˡ
ԸԼգҲԸñȥ
˵ģ㲻ᣬôɳѵҪһӡ
֪֪ˡҶ۲ټ⣬Ҷ
Ҳûм˵
ҶԸҶ۲Ը񣬵ʱҲͲ
ҲҶԸΪʱһҪҶչˣҪҶ۰
ͷʹڵͫƺûƺſ籩ꡣ

ݶͷһԼ£Щţ˷ܡ
֪ԼҲܸɣ±Ҳ
ܸ˵ĺӶ˸ģԸǲܣб±˲Ÿ߿һۣ½ɯ㣬ǲػɨҲػϴֻҪǻı˲ᣬһԼ
ݶԭŶ߶ˣҲƷ˼˼
ǿ϶شģȥʲô޸ջòѲӣȻŸȢϱһһõͷ
ʱ˵ģӡ
ݶһ;ͷƤ顣
ϽҲԸᣬǰϽûأŮʲôϽģǶϴ·ǶĶأ˼ҵĹﻹѧѧ黭ѧˣҲͼԺ޸˼ҡ
ݶߵſڣּһ±ؿڵķ
һؿڣɡ롱һǶ
һһﻹһ
ֻ̧ͷ۳ǽԱ߾Ѿ߹ˣ߹Ǹϸˣһȹ͸ũһûҳͷҲһ˿ͷĨʲôȻйζͷںǳ档
ЩԲȻƵԵÿ̱ΪԵúͰס
ݶϸˣڶԷϿӰӡ
ԣûôͰ׵Ҫ
λС㡣ϸЦеؿŲݶͶݵĻ·ģ
ݶó׼õ˵ǣ΢΢ŲӣһСųС˵Կܲҵġ
ϸ˴ŮȻӰ˵㣬Ӳ˼ģƤҲֲڣ⣬Ҳʵŵ·
㸸ĸأԸһһɣϸ˴ս˲ݶץסݶЦô󷽣ߣȽȥÿ쵽ԷʱˣȥҼҳһٰɡ
ݶæ˲ˣңҸùݡ
ϸ˵˽⣬Ҳ֪ȥĶһɣҿϲߣҵʱҸ
ǡЩˣݶС˵һδ飬ܸ˴һ𡣡
ϸϵЦݱˣ΢ĳŮ˸ɻҲ٣ȻǮɷţûвܸһԷ֮˵
ֻرСӻĹ
Ůû㸸ĸֵܹҲûʲô
οĸֵ˸á
ϸ˴ŲݶϣץŲݶ˵ԼʹҪ˲ȣʵϲݶ΢е㶯뿪ѲݶϵԼߡ
˳Ժ󣬲ݶòԾĵط͸ˡ
ȻߣǱˣ˻ῴۣ˵Բ鵽ز
һ·ߣһ·˸квѲݶԼȥ
ݶⱲûġɡ
о仰ڷǼ鼴
ǺôҪҲôࡣ
ݶĴקϸˡ
ϸӦûԹʲô࣬ûʲô࣬ϴЦ۵Ź⣬ݶϤ
ѵʱʲôû
Ϊ˻ţʲôĵķӶó
ΪūѾˣֻҪԸȥ¼طҲпڷԡ
ţ˭
İ취ͶˣӶʳǣΪһҰ˾ܰ
ʶ˼һźȴȶݶˣЩΪǰϸأ
ϸΪʲô
ѾͷԷͼʲô
ݶﾯ裬ûбֵȥ
һ·ϸ˶ڸ˵жá
ûؤϸЦǺǵ˵ҲڽϴС㣬ֻҪҵһùʲôҲõġ
ϸ˻Ա·ЦųǴк·ˣҲǺˣ飬Ըˡ
ǲݶЩϵЦֻͷƤ顣
ֻһЦˣ˶ôЦͺϵЦͬһģ̳ģ˶һǷ˾ù졣
ܿǾ͵ϸ˵ļҡ
ϸȷʵܸԣ˶ƽȴסһС¥ſڻդΧһСԺӣԺ˻ݣһССĲ˵ء
ݶϸ˽ҡ
ӣݶøˣΪﲻֹֻһϸ˴ġ
ＸˣЩһͲǱˣΪڣͷͳһһƵģ̻Ȼ̧ͷǡ
ЩŮкӣ岻һ
ݶŷϸ˺Ҳ壬Լֻһġ
ֻΪϰӪϣҲ࣬ûϸ˲롣
ϸӦǰˣ
Ȼ˴ǰˡ
һϸ˻˶˷Ǵչֶԡ
ϸЦеض˵ȥ׼Եġ
ֶԲݶ˵ǶǸһҹģһɡ
ݶͷԱߵȥһ˺ߵԱˮˮתͷˣǶĿųǰ㣬ССˣС𣿡
˵ţݶӶóһǡ
СȻ֪ʲôֽģ۾ҲˣѧŲݶС˵ǣְ˵﹤Ǹսǣ˵ҵǰסҡ
СЩˣְ˵Ǻˣ
ݶ΢΢ͷ
ҲǽСˣǰֽԺģֱС˵
ȥ˵ҵǲ࣬ҪǸ߱ˣûˡ
СסҡͷʾԼʲô˵
ȻŽһСݶѾеˡ
Щ˶ˣܱͼֻǵ塣
ϸˡӦǸӡ
ݶ򴽣ҪȥǱˡ

ҶԶŲݶһϸ˽һС¥Ȼûݶ
ϵ˻ͦġҶڸ˵ԶŲʱһӰͻȻӳ
Ҷ۵ԣôˣ
Ҷ۷ԶЩãȻĿǱС
Ǹڣͷɢֻڵϵеˡ
Ϊʲôãе񡭡ɯ


130 
ҶЩĲɡ
ǸֵӰһζùԶȥʱ򣬳ǱСʲôûС
Ҷһ߹Ųݶһ޷ǵһ˲ŵӰ
ɯΪʲôҪʱ뿪Ҷ۾ԶĴԷתţǰЩֵĵͻȻһ
ɺ
һֱû뿪ɯͻȻ뿪
ֳһɯƵˡ
Ҷ۵ͻȻһƵͷ
ɯһֱ֣һǰЩֵĵط˵ͨˡ
ǡ硱ʶأ
ɯӼʼʶеͶˡ
ΪɯʶԴһʼûбֳİ;нǰȻӣһ裬ҪĹʺܵͣ͵ÿԺԲơ
ӵеֵ㹻õһнʡ
ʼӶҲôģΪ߻˶پ˼
˵Ļ̫ãڻǸ
ָѵǡԼ
Ҷ۷Զתͷ
ҲڿĿഥҶ򴽣ʣûʲô˵𣿡
ɯЩֵľٶܹҵ𰸣أ
ڵֻҶһ˵Ӱ
ҶʳɯΪʲôҪʱ뿪ʱ֪ҶѾ˿İϵͲǱҪҶ¡
ϸ֮ȴԵЩɬŨҵĨĸ飬촽΢κ˵ͺһ
ʱԵģͬλʱȴǡ΢΢λ֮ȻƽУϵͳܴһ©״ͨ
ҶۣǲԣɯΪʲôԻصȥ
ڵʱ䣬ɯġȥ
ҡͷĹȥҺɯġ
λƽУûƸǣҪҵ㣬Ҫʮλ治ϴ󡣡
ҶۣûƸ
˵֪ҪƸ˭
Ҷô֪Ȼһˡ
ô֪Ȼġ
δԸı䣬ȥУ˵¾Ƿˡ㾭޷ıģɱɯҲĿģȻҪȥ
Ͳڵ㡣
λ̫࣬ĿģֹʧЩɹشӰλҲϵͳ
Ҷ۵ͷյ˫ȭ
侲һֱ۷˶ֵ·
ֻĶᱩ¶
أҶƽܳһʱҶ۶һӰӣߣûб¶κԣһľ׮һʯͷۺʱԡ
ǰ;֣־ԼǴС֡
ҲΥ͵ĵط
Ҷˣ˵˽㲫ô棬µʡ
̧֣ʳָָָԼıӣǸˣҰɣ
ûзϣ㡣
ҶסˣЦЦҲ֪ԼЦʲôصģĸоеһУδ롱ġ
ʶˣӴ£Ծλ涼ǱȻҶ۵ı𽥱ľκθĿͻȻ֮İûйϵ
üͷҶҪȴֲ֪ôͣҶһֱһˣһӣã֪ô⡣
Ҷ۰ڰ֣Ҳڶ
ҶҲԼոյܲã룬ͨ׶ķʽ͵֪ϷȤ𣿴Ϸֵľǲһ㲻֪ԼӮֲȷŻԣһֱӮһֱ䣬ܿͻʧȥȤ
ҷ֣ʵֻһξҵΪǹ̶ģʲôѡ񶼲ӰѾȷ¡Ҷۿգεոеڵûоˡ
ʼ˼˵һǲѾˡ
ÿΪԼѡʵڼȶ·ϡ
Ϊÿ˵ġڡδԼġȥ
ȻҶھʲô̾ҵ˼ǣĹȥܸı䣬Ѿ¹ڵ㣬ڵĹȥܸı䣬δԡ
ÿһѡ񣬶ܸıδλµķ֧㲻ĳ߹·
Ҷ΢΢죬ĬΣڻǳʵ˵û

վţȴ¶һ˿Ц
ҶûЦʲô
ȴ˵ΪҺɯȥ֮ôɱҺҸǻ֣ȥǲܸıġ
ûгȥĶȫµģÿһѡҲµġ
Ҳһĳλ棬ûҵ㡣ϵıøᣬһλȥҲûҡ
˵ȥܸı䣬δոµġ
ϷʲôܸıһϷӮܾһϷ
ҶʮԺˣΪʵڲʺ˵߸йصҵ
򵥵¶ܱ͵ɽ·ʮ䡣
Ҷ۵ȷʵˣĳһ̾Լĳ˲ӰӣʻĻ𳵣ڼȶ·ʻţһҪƼȶ·ߣͻ̳
֪֪ɯ£ոҿǸǲɯҶʡ
ȻҶѾ֪ˣҲû˱տڲԵɣͷе㲻̫Ը˵ʵҲ֪ɯϷʲô
ҲߵʱҲ֪λйء˵ͬһʱϲͬʱͻʧ
Ҷ۵ͷ˵ȥ
Ҷ˽ⲻ࣬ʱѾˣΪѪԭ򲻵ò뿪
һɯҶ۵ʱʵѾˣϾϵͳʮꡣ
뿪ôʱΪǻѪֻʳѪҺ棬ҪҲͬ塣
ΪѪ弸ûлѪѪԸͨӵķʽǻС
û֪Ѫǿġ
ɯԳʱ䲻ʳʳѪ档
⽨£ķʽʳͬࡣ
Ҷ۲һֱΪȥץ˸ʳѪɯ˵ҲֹʣǴӵ»ǳԶȥʳͬѪõķʽ
δҶδɯֻܻȥҶۡ
ǹһĨЦ
ɯá
֪ȥĶͷӬÿյӶϢ̲סڴӶҶۣ֮ǰÿһʧ
˷ôʱѰҶϡ
ʱգȻԼһΡ
Ҷйദκϸڡ
ǸʱҶۻᰴԼʱȥѡ񣬵ʱҶ۾ͻףеһжԴʱĸоǡע
Ҷ۱ʣ˼ûҪʲôǵòݶڲĻУٴԶŲݶڵĶС¥ȥ
һڿһ㲻ͬѰĶ
Ǹݶȥϸ˳ˣŵʱתǰһš
Ҷüֹ˳ȥҪǹ
˷ӣҲһץôɣ³𣿶ҵڶûͬ
һҪôˣǺü壬е
Ҷ۵ʺܿõ˽
ۿϸߵ·м֣ûй̶ֵĶ
˷ľڳȥ
ϣûɥʬ
ɥʬͬǣɫϴҸ˷ܵЦݡ
ҶֱϺëһЦͷһξãЦµı顣
ڣҪȷݶİȫ⣬Ҫ취ҵҵɯ


131 
ˡ
ݶʼļ
͸ľķ϶ߵϼ֪һЩ˾͸öˡ
Ȼûв﾿ʲôϸҪʲôһΣյĻС
һİǻãȻ֪뿪ⶰůķӡ
ΪϸҲǰˣټЩ˶һ˳УΪͬΣԼäĿţûа㻳ɡ
ݶͰС֪ǴӾһ½ų̵Ĵġ
ǴסĻǰˣֵغľάӲõҲ̫·Ҳ˸ĸ־ϣԼСܶ֡
ûǮҲûλ
ܶʶֵĲǴ˾ǹ壬ͨƽʶ֣õ;ͨѵĽܣȥ嵱ˡ
ܵ谮ĸ߼ǿԶʶֵġ
С˵еģҲΪӪԵúġ
ݶĻƴ˺ܾòƴճһŵǰ
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ǷŰдǵ
ƽȹ棬ֻҪһͶܹϳԱůĺӣסϴӣǶȥ顣
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ֻǴǴ಻ţһΪ룬һΪصΪϾͲôõĵطУҲֲˡ
ҵؾΪҪͺȥ飬ֻܶһѡ
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ݶЩЦã֪Լ·ȴֲѾǰΣա
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ݶ°ͣھȻ᲻ٳˡ
Ҫ֪ݾߣڰ
ݾߣߵ͵ˡ
ǹֶΡ
ݶһϸԼԵģôãг½ɯ򵥵ļֶѧˣһԣ
ˡ
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ѵʱô˶ȥˣ˭أ
ˣꡱһݶ̳ſڱȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ʱı£У·һ
˷ӦݶһŲŴ򿪵ķ϶ٹϣϸ󣬱ϾһˣޣҲܸʱóԺúȻһֱĲݶȡ
ݶһ˴ţϸ𾪵
ݾߵĲݶ뵽һŵĽڣһغи·ˣұȥң
˵Ժ塣
Ҳȷʵˣͺһϸ˸ס
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ӵ˶ˡ
ͬ壬ͬߣû˵ûзһվڽϣĿƽͣڵĿ
ԣǿˡ
С㣬ͲҪˡϸ¹ţﰫǵߣת΢ЦŶԲݶ˵ﲻ𣿡
ݶǵԼĻѻһֻѾǹһģҵĶĶˣҰְֵұȥһ
ϸȴ΢ЦŲĻϾôˣǰٴӦÿ˲Ծĵط
С㡣ϸ̧ͷŲݶÿӵˣΪǵļˣ㶪ʲôңһ˸һģ̫ˣȥϢɡ
ݶҲԼܿѻȥˣϽɫȥޱʵǵʲôˣʲôץʲô
ѧӣȷʵϸ˽һ¡
źܿɢȥˣһСŮҲĸʲôˡ
ϸ΢Ц˵ǸõطֻҪԹͷֵһķӣҲһӴˣÿ춼ʵԡ
ݶ㶡
ԷȷʵҪҲҪġ
Ϊʲô
ݶԼϸ˴ӳ߽ʱϹϼңʱϸ˵۾һֱϼһжˣЩǸʲôġ
Ϊ׼ѻʱû׼ôݣԲݶ˵Լڴס
ϾһλϣݶҲϸȥԼסصҲҲǡ
ΪϹ࣬ԭΣԸʵ
ϸ˲һСط߳Ĺܱôĵط
ݶɿס֣ûаַ£ʣ˵ģ
ϸˣȻ㻹԰ĸĸ˶ӹֻҪ
ݶֻҪʲô
ϸͻȻס˲ݶ󣬴Ųݶ̨ס
ߵڰ˵ĵطϸ˲ŶȻһǴƵ˲ĮſڷҲƽŲݶ˵ֻҪܴļˣö࣬һ½˾С
ϳԷʱǳԵøĶ˯ˣͻȥң֮ʲôòˡϸˣֻҪܹ󲻵ĺӡ
ݶЩãʣʲôӣ
ֽûУҲûеӣûлʲôӣ
ϸ˿ݶϵãǼٵģֹЦ嶼ƽȵģκֻҪϺһ˰㣬ÿ춼˰ʵţ̺͵ſڣҲȥʳӡ
ݶʲô򣿡
ϸˣÿδһˣ㶼ܵõһöҡ
ݶüһöҹ𣿡
ϸˣɲ棬öһΣöͭһΣ˵ã
Ȼ֪ͭһһöҵĲݶȫ֪һöֵֵǮ
ϸ˵ӣӦֵİɣ
ݶ򴽣ô㣿
ϸЩȵĿں̣ôӲԾġ
ҪʲôҸո˵Щ
¹ϸϣֹ죺ܵõ𣿡
Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬㶼ûѡ񡣡ϸĲݶֱˣ㲻ûҵķ˴ȥķӡ
ϸ˺Ͱ˵뿪ôþΪ˸ȡһ÷ӡ
ʱݹɲҪˡ
ϸ˵۾С
ϾݣѾ׳ȥˡ


132 
ûеȵݶҶȥɯ¸ҪǲݶİȫϢΪû·ƣӷ͸ĻС
ԺԶҶҲֻڲݶճӵʱ򿴵
Ҷۿľȫͬһʱ˽֡
ݶܳȻϸ˴һ˵һȻݶ͹ԹԵĸϸˡ
ֻܿҶڲȻòݶ΢ͷ
һ߰Լһļ
ھͽȥɡҶۿüͷ壬Զһֱûз£ӰվҹҶȻƣһֱ߶Ƚ
⻹Լϡ
ٲĵ
̫ͬٿݶӦзִ磬ǹױЮ֡
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һв˵İȫҶ۵ĵ߸޽͡
ͷûȰϾ֪ҶʲôԸ
ûе̫ãڳ΢콫δʱҶۿһӵĴͻȻһǹ£ȸҶǲݶڵķλֱӵ
·ϾԼİš
߰ɣûûмСҶæʰ
뿴ݶܰġ
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ú͵յҲͣ빤ҵʱǰʲôͶܰ
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ȻʲôҶ۴Լ֪ΪʲôݶԹԵĸϸˡ
ΪǡǱ£¶ѡ
Ҷţ̧֣žʹڳĴˡ
ݶһյú͵ƣ̽ԴҶ۵Ժ뿪ȫ򿪣Ҷۺȥݶҿ˿ȷûע⵽Źš
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ȷһšҶѾżˡ
⣬ڼҪһ
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ݶŵؿҶۣ΢΢죬ʣֽŶˣ
ݶúԺɯôСʱҲԸɯᱻ衣
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ݶɬܻᱻص
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һֱԼûлرɯĻᣬɯ̫ǿˣôŬﲻɯĸ߶ȡ
ڣᡣ
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һ·ĿԱͲټˣûݣ£ĿԾ͸ˡ
סŲΪ뿪ҵԼĹԲĸԸĳΪ
û·ȻͻأԼѪϵһ
ݶͷЩŵ˵Ǹ˸ңǱסŵͳӵŮңܷʲô£ʲôԭ򣬶ܿǱԱߵССֻڳǱ̹˲ߡ
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ݶС˵û˵ץʲôȻˮ϶Ѫ
Ҷۣ
Ŷʱգݶ֪Ѫֻ֪ˮ
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Ҷ۲ʲôΣյĵطȫȥĻ˵ڳǱΧˣֻ˵·ľܷ֡
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Ҷ˵ɣ粻˳١
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ǸɯʧɵӶܲ³֮ϵ
ݶСʣˣҽȽŻܱ𣿡
ҶۣȻȻ֮ǰʶɯҲͲһȫˡ
ˡҶվԼСģ㡣
컹ûдǱˡ

ڵĵؽɯƽڵϣ۾ûгãҲȥ˴롣
ʲôʲôҲĶӺڻ䵽һߣӼѵš
类޾ĺҹ֡
ûдĵؽһ߻ܴʬ塣
ʧȥǰһ̣Լϵĵܵܶ˵ˡ
ΪʲôͲܹԹԵȥ
ѵ㲻ΪԼֵ߳𣿡
ɯѵſ죬ͷһ룬뺰
ֻܷء졣
˭
˭Ⱦ
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133 
Ϊʲôȥ
ѵ㲻֪ĴھǸ𣿡
Ϊ˼壬㶼ӦԼȥ
ɯĻѵشָ˫Ŀ컨塣
֪ԼĶڳǱĵؽʳ͵ࡣ
ۡ
Ǹ۵¶ˡ
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Ѫ嶼Ըǲĳ裬ĸ״δֵܶ޲ȥ
ĸױΪĸڣôѪҪȴš
ؽѵĽ˷ɳ֩ɯֻ֩˿Űܿͻ˱һ¡
Ǹƴӳȥǻᱻץ
ɡ
ɯƽ룬ûа취ضȥˣҲ޷վֻܱؽųΪһܴĸʬ
ؽֻһխйսȴղɯϡ
ΪǻѪɯ⣬ΨһߵѪû˾ŵ㣬ࡣ
ɯþȫƫͷµƬط
û취ȥ

ҶۺϾŵߵ˳ſڣʱѾгڴˣȻǲûʲôȴڳ⡣
ܿҶۺˡ
ֻǵĲϸˣ԰ˡ
һŻͻβһţţβ¶ֱϻûëҲΰ˶׶ࡣ
Ȼе£϶źвЦݣΪ飬ԼЩ֣Ҳֻ˾Ǻܺ
Ҷˡ
кŮǣһ㡰ӴǵģҲкŮԡ
ĳԣǻЩƷǵİ˹
Ҳ조ӴɯϸһĸǿȥǼס
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㶣ܿڰ֣ûʲô˶ܺãĲһ
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סӵıԵû͵ˣǵķҲܺϸ˱ȣֻһͨľ巿ֻһ㣬ǰûդͻԡ
ҶۺŲ̋ף߽ڡ
ͲݶֵķӲͬľ巿ûûз䣬ڣֻܿһľԼһŴ
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ոսȥҶ۾ͻȻʼ䣺ôǿ׳ôסûҵù𣿡
˻࿴ţС˵ǰˣҵͺܲˡ
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˵ҹץȥūѾǰ˵رõġ
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ţ˵ͷƽ֣ǹܼҺүڹܡ
Ҷۣү
ţûԼ׻ˣǿӽЦǺǵ˵үܺ˵żϽ֣ˡ
ֻһ𣿡ҶԺ͵ҵԺΪʶǡ
ţ룺ӣһλСλү
үǾ֣СҲûֻ˵һλС㡣
Ҷ򴽣ʵܽǱ𣿡
ţֵĿһۣ˸ʲôǲ˵ģʲôҪ£ֻҪߵǱſڣ߳Ǳͺˡ
ҶۣǱ
ţˣȻûҪǱô죿
Ҷۻ˲ʱţϢƴճǱرԼڶʮңս;顣
ǰҹվڣϻĸСʱ˼ܵʱ䡣
ţ˱ϾıԵ壬˺ȨȦ֪ĺޡ
֪Ůӣ֪ɯӵĵλ
˭۸˭ܲһš
Ҷ˫ţ˿ĵطճȭ
˫һεĻ棬Ҷֻ΢΢ͷţ˿Լ˫ۡ
ţڽҶ۵ɻʮѵ֮үǧҪᵽС㡣
С˿ĭЩŨҵĿ־壺үϲᵽС㡣
һҪסһ㣬һҪס
Ҷ۵˵ͷٴ̧ͷĿƽͣǻЦҼסˣлл㡣
ţ˴Ŀ⣬Щ죬ڰ˵ûʲô
ţ˲ҿҶۣСȴᶨһҵֵӵġ
ÿ屻ߡ


134 
ͺͲݶһҶۺҲ
˲ûڴ̫ãǻйҪȥ
ҶҲǸţ̸֪֮ݶ˽Ĳȫ棬ľҪ⣬ճţ˺ͻˣҪȥեͷÿҪʮСʱ
ȻСˡʱǿٵġ
ҪҪūǻڵͦáҶߣǰ죬ֱţҲûطȥļ䡣
ţ˵Ķӵά͸м
Ӷ˵ȷʵǸ˼ãÿֻҪɻȥпӣ·ɴʳ͸ɾˮҪԣҪūһͣɻ
Ҷ۾˼λ棬Ȼǡ
ⲻͬħõҶզࡣ
ҹٵʱ˻ˣǻͣĿ
ҶۿİóȥıˮӦǱ£ĶĲݶ££֤ѾҲµĹѪԴˡ
ϾǲҳΧũֻ֣ƭˡ
ߵߣҲǱϵģܴӷ϶д
г߶ǿͨĳû𣬻һ˵ЦŲӣʳͲˡ
Ȼҹǻǻ߶
Ŀܿ䵽˼ϣЩ˵űͨ£ǸӲߣݣ²Ƥʵѥӣ·õķǳխСڱǲ
ҹҲñӣˣҲƵĹȡ
ߵľеȺһɢվߣӲֲʧηĵͷǾϹ
ջĿ⡣
Щ˾Сͳνײ㣬ֻҹֵܳѪ
ǲھѡʳǾİ㣬ͷĵƣջͶ
˵ǵū˵ǹϵ
ֻϵΡ
ȴһĺϵΪȹ̣ΪһѪع⣬ΪΪŰ߹϶ҲᱻѪ̣ĳ£ΪԼİȫҲᱣȺѪ
ôֻô㣿ţҶۣǳĿ壬˵ԱûûҲù
ҶۿĺʵǳԲȥ
ЩɲôɿڣǣﻹСʯӣºʯӣɸɬڡ
Ҷ۳һڣоԼڽۺһɳӡ
һûʲôζ˵ʲôζģžһɲζ
˳Եýζţ˵Ҷ۳Բһ۵İ룬СһݵҶǰ˫Բ۾еؿҶۣ˵Ե㣬ȻӶ˯ž
Ҷ۰ڰ֣֪öţʲôı顣
ԷʱģԷһֱڲϺҲġ
̫ìˣìܵҶҪһǿţ˼һЦ·ϳ˶ڻ
˵ŰԼƵţǰллҺѣĲȥ԰ɡ
ţ˿Ҷƹ˿ڿˮܲϾһܳԵʳ޵ġ
ҶۺûʱǾǺ޳ɹûƭͬ壬Ҳû£ˡ
⿿ʳһһҲ
άճӡ
һ飬һ飬û緹ģһֻ͡
Ĳԣţ촽
Ҷ۵ͷܿ϶ĳԲ£˾ǰҵæϾ˷ʳ
ȷ֮ţֿǣҶ۵ŵԼǰϡ
ǿ
ԼǿҲûôݸ˻ˣ˿ûпɵֽӹһ֡ʶࡱһۣȻԼھ׽
Ա㡱֮ţڣ뿪ӡ
ţ˵Ŀಢ˴ʱοССһһľСĵĳǱȫϸĿһ顣
οʱ۲Ҷ۵飬Ҷûб򶯣ֻܡʾֻҪ£Ҳֵܷӣ壬ֵܷܺõķӣÿܶһżܳԵ˺⡣
ţֻҶۣһߵ
Ҷ۽һڴӣ󣬴һؽɴ㽣Ǹ·Ϊ
̫ˡ
Ҷۻȶ½Ŀƽͷ˵Ҫܶ⣬Ҫ˰ÿ꽻˰µʳﲻǹҵĸĸֵͳǮϣҵһü˶ŵĵط
ģ߿˵ЩıͶȫ΢΢һֻ·᣺ֻҪиطţӺ˰Ժӣÿ춼зԾ͹ˡ
ţæο϶ԣǶ
ţ˵ԺڰʣǽӦþֵܷӣ֮󡭡֮𣿡
ţæ˵һ໨ҿԱ໨㣬һӺͱҶܸ
Ҷۿţ˾ǰһ˫˵۾Цŵʱ˫۾δڵʫ
ţ˵ˣ˿ĭͷС˵㳤úܺÿ
Ҷ㶣ٶ۵ػصлл
ûеȴãСʱ򣬻˾š
ݶһҶۺ߳ʱľվ˽ֵľǣ΢ЦſҶۺƺڻӭǼС
Ҷһ˫˫۾Ŀֲעĵһ
ǰ棬Ҷۺǵķӡ
Ϊˣ壬Ƿ䵽һС¥úϸһϡ
ûκ壬ڴ򿪷ǽȥ֮ǰҲ֮ÿ¶Ҫ˹ϻ˰Щ˴ߡ
ȥﻢû˵
ֻԸԸܣԸĻھͿ뿪ӡ
Ҷ۵ȻԸ⡣
ҲԸ뿪ӣѾ֪Ϣѡ뿪ѡϾѪΧũ֣֤ǻη壬й¶ȥ
Ҷۺڣ˰ⶰӵԿ׽֮ǽפСʽҲͽˡ
ţҶۿ˶û˵ǵȼú͵ƣѴһ϶ֻȽֵϵȫɢȥǾͿжˡ
Ҷߵߣ˲Ŀⶼ⡣
Ҽǵɯ˵ɱĸ׺ֵܡҶ۱ƽ
ûа𣿡
Ҷ۵û¶ȣ
ôûа
ҡͷҲ֪ʱʲôֻ֪֣ܸܳ㡣
Ҷۣ֮϶֪ԭ򡣡
Ȼȥ޷ı䣬֤ʲôԭܰɯĿꡣ
ҪôΪʲôܶѪ֣Ҫôˣûгɹ
ܻ֪


135 
Ⱥ貣ûһڵԤʾ콫յĺ
СȺɢȥЩ֮ǰ켣ȺеѪҲѾʧ
ַǷСʱһǡ
ҿǴǱ߹ȥˡҶһŵʱҶ۶С˵
Ҷ֪ġǡͳСѪ
Ƿ䵽ķӾǱԶΪǰֵ֪Ķֻòݶֵʱǻȥ
ǰǱǰҪ·ȥӲݶ
ҵɯԺǾҪ뿪С
뵽ɯԶӣҶۺ޲ȥϵͳﻻڣһڰСΪƽء
ݶ·ĵſڣ⴫Ųƿŵķš
ȻԱǲ˥Ϻ³´лֹͣݶͷѾ˼м䣬ѧŷӣƤͷԺ̳һСԲ
ֻҶÿμͣΪķ硣
ҺڲԼλ棬ݶƲͰͺˡ
߰ɡҶС˵
ûڽֵϴҡڵĳǱȥǿŽֱǱߣֵͲҶҲҴ򿪡
ֻͨǹѾ㹻ˡ
ﻹѪҶûӵοӵǹҲѻࡣ
иͷ­ѣôôãҶۻš
ɴˣԷվԭزҲܺԼ㡣
ĴҶ֪ʵû̫ʤ㡣
ѪܲĳҶۿɲܲĸǲΪĻ
쵽ˡǰ棬Ҳֻǹ
ݶм䣬Ҷ
ݶŵĵͷС˵޸磬ֱƹȥ𣿡
Ǳû˼Χ
ƽʲô£ֵгƺ۷κ¶ļ֮С
УҺǣҶȥɯ
Ҷõġ
Ȼ֪ɯСɾǶ
ȻȳɯҶۣɯ½Ҷ۲ףͲݶȥһᷢ⣬ҲǱ˷֣ȥܸı䣬ֻҶ۲ҵɯ
ݶͷ֪ˡ
ǱǶǽݶͷݶèһߡ
ǵĽǶȿǱĿĸֻܲ߳İ취
Ҷƺǰܣܹ֣ܵһ󣬴Ƕ̧ͷȥǱ쳣ӴĹһƬڣȴдӴ͸ĵ⣬ҶԼӳǱﴫ
ᣬɲ˷
żеЦ
ƺڳǱٰᡣ
ŵĳУҶųǱֻû䡣
ȷҶѾڳǱͲݶͬһʱǹǳշſǹ޴ϵ𣬷Źǹ֮Ͳݶû̡ܡ
ҪȷϿǿǣ֪ӣҸǡ
Ҳ˵Ŀǻڵһʱ׳ǱΣգʱҶ۲лȥǱС
һ塣
ԺݶӦͣҶȻַ̫Σգȷʵû̫õѡֻܼϣͲݶĸ
ǱĿطӦܿ죬뿪һӺ󣬿Ǿͳ˳
ǱҲѸ𣬻⼸ӯǱ
Ǹ̤ǱţͿӰͬķܡ
׷Ǳߡͷɫ԰ףǻѪһƣѸٵİѿǷֳӣһȥ׷ݶһӸȥ׷
ҶѾߵС
С߶ӣǽСҲ͸⣬סҲǹˡ
Ҷ΢΢ԼȥͲݶȻѾߵһҪҵɯĶ
СһüͷڵҹյСҲûܲ˵ĵط
ҶһǽѰ
Ȧ׼ͳ΢ֵͲһѵʱһѪζȻıǼ⡣
Ѫζ⣬һ޵ĸõĳζ
Ҷ۵Ϊλ泬ϰ쿪ʼõ
ȻҶżЦ˵ԼڵıǹӣҲЩ˵ơ
ǹѪζŨصķȥ
ܿ죬˳ǱǽڵļнǴ
Ҷ΢΢Խ棬ŵѪζԽء
·ͳ΢ֵͲͳһѵֵͲϡ
ֵͲĹⱻס˴룬΢Ĺ߲˷֣㹻۲µ
Ҷ۰ȥڿ˽µˡ
ǳˮդһ뱻Ǳڵֻ¶ʳָôһС顣
ղ̫ԶҶۿʲôɯаٷ֮ʮļؽ
ҶֿʼѰҵؽڡ
ǵϴͨԶɯʱɯķλ
ż˹ȥܿ͸о˽µĴвԡ
ľСҶҵ˿ĵؽľţֻľƺϹ˺ܴ˼ζûܴ򿪡
ľҲܴ򿪵ģܺ񣬱ϾϵʱҪ䵱ذ塣
Ҷ۴ӶͳһֻĴָСƿ
ϵͳĸʴҩˮôССһƿҪ۶ʮ
Ϊǰ뵽ҩˮãΪԡʬˮĺ棬ϾƷôСһƿҩˮԸʴһϽ塣
ҶԺЩڣϾ۸ôûϵĵط
ϵͳĶֲ˻ֻţûлϡ
Ҷ۰ҩˮľϡ
ܿ죬һľյζڵҶ۵ıǼ⡣
æסӣζʵ̫ˡ
˲ʮ룬ľ屻ȫƴҶ۳¿һۡ
ҩˮƴľ壬ľµ¥Ҳмضϡ
Ҷۣ
ֻȥˣϣصƺһ㣬ˤβ׵ǡ
ȥǰһ̣Ҷһ۾һ
顱һҶĳŵվȻˤβ׵ǣƨ۵·һȳһա
ɲֱֵͲأͷԱ߲Զһӡ
Ϸһյһ뻹ܼǫ̃
Ҷôȼ΢ĻԺҶ۵һ
ϳ̨⣬ȾѪġ̾С
޴ļڵմѪ
ʣµҶûϸֻǻһۣ͸о
̨ؽȥ
ϣɯ
ϣĲɯ
ĻղؽѣҶֻһһ
ڣڵؽѵĽ￴һġˡ
֫ͲӶţƽڵϣӱʿһ󶴣ҶʲôҲгɢԱߵࡣ
Ҷɫ䡣
֪Լŵĸζˡ
Щɢ࣬Ѿʼˡ


136 
ڵĵؽΨһĹԴֻҶŵ̨Ϊ˲עĿûнһȼֻһҡҷƮĻ⡣
ǵղؽѣȴ㹻Ҷڳȥʱȷ϶Էˡ
Ľƶϣ䲻ʵأѣԼ֪Լʱʲôı顣
һ˲䣬ӣͬϵˣӦñ
ҶСʰɯɢڵϵ࣬ЩѾõ̫ãȥҲ޷ٱ塰ȡ
ɱˣʶսѪɵĻ棬ҶɶһĻеʡ
ΪʱڵϵĲİˣǵСʱ͸߱ѡ
ҶЩվͻҳɯԡ
֪ɯܷ񿴼ܷȻİܿͺˣϣܿܡ
Ҷ۲Լڲ죬˵
ɯҪһǿıߣһҪ޳ġ׸
ҶѧӣԼб飬Ļˡ
Щõɯ򿪵ĸǻУѪĻָֻʣ࣬Ҳܼ
ҶְɯƤϣ֮ǰ̧ͷȥɯ
ҵͷסĴҶ۵ĽǶֻܿɯ°
ɯƤϣٶȺ
ҶͳһСԼģִյɯߡ
ɯû˱Ҷֻһֻɯ죬Ѫȥɯ
Ѫɯġ˿ڡڼӿٶȡ
Ҷۿһ϶Ժƿ֣ңӳµ°˺һ鲼򵥵ĸԼ˲
Ϊ˿ϣѪ̫٣Ҷµʱ򻮺ۺ
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Ҷɯĺ󱳣ᣬĲһˣǺȳһҪɢƷ£Ǻܿͳȥˣ㰲ȫˡ
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ɯȥ֮Ҷ۲ŴԱ߰ӣȥ
Ҷ̤Ѫζĵؽѣϵһ̲סһĿȵؽѣй
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ҵͷסɯĴҶѾܴͷķ϶пɯ۾
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С򶼱Աо񶼴ֲ߳һҼҲֻ̽ǻӺ̽顣
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ߵһ룬ҶûסгԵ𣿡
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Ҷ˺ɵİװҲʣһ۾΢΢ɴҪƾܣҶ۾Ѿʱһ£ֻܱ׽ˡ
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˵ǰֻþǿ
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Ϊʲôûз
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ݶ֪ɯûദļ䣬˲ֱӺɯ㣬ɯ֪ҪӪ׼ѪͼѪѪţѪҲУ㿴ϲ֡
ݶȻ֪ɯѪҲɯĿζϾɯϲѪѪѪζ࣬ʵڿƫá
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¶ԷɯݶҲеҲֲ֪ɯ̾˿㱻ȳԺû˻㣬Ҳ㣬ÿ˶㵱ˣѡ
֪ڲšݶ룬˾ͻˣ
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ڼԼþȵľˡ
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ģǶԷůĻ
ɯɳСŮܾĥѵĳŮԵ
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138 
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С𽥳ư֮ƣũҵ֪ⳡũǴʧֻ
꣬ÿʱֻܴ⣬κڵ
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139 
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˯ɣ컹ʲôҪ

ţѵĺ磬ÿ켦ʱҪѣ˯ź˯
۾ʺɾԱߵʪ˰͵ϴˡ
˵Ľŵк룬һҪЬ˸Ƿֱѱŵһߣ۾ȥʳϲԶɼֲ硣
һ˴С飬ݸţһ˸Ƿ˵ԽԽˡ
ţ˵ͷžˮ˰˿ӣ˵ˣǸһˣֻƭ㡣
ţû˵˻һۣƲ˵ܻڿǡ
˷˸ۣҪڿǵĻܵ𣿾֮Ҳزˡ
㲻ҪΪһɫǿ㡣ӣû忴ǣǾ󣬸ˡ
ţ˵һۣûнӻ֪˵ȥһᳳ
ˣȥϹţվſȥ
ҪֵܵեͷեͷֻéݣȫեͣѶõݹȻʵľײȥߣեͷ˶ʹȫɲܸṩ͡
ԼҲֲ͡
﹤Ķײ壬аˡ˺͵ؾܣһ塣
ţڱ˵к߽եͷ
եͷĻã͸粻˵ϻһ͹߹ȥҪڵϡ
Ĭײľţ˺ȻŤͷ⿴һۡ
ͷƮС꣬걻ϣ˲Ļ㱡
㷢ʲô๤
ţ̿ʼ
ֱۺᣬÿˣûϢʱ䣬ѾܶûСס˸ˣ֮ǰ˻ˣûеõܵ˳ͷ
˸ɻʱҪɻϢʱǵøɻ
ţ˲ǸΪʲôҪӣﲻ
ֻҪ˾У²ɻҲֵܷʳ
Ȼ벻ͨźԹ޶Է
Է·࣬ͦúֱ˵ʱϸ
ˣֻֻԶԶĿһۣܻᱻӵš
ţ˳ĬŸɻ
һܺã˵Ĺ壬ԸҲ
ţ̾˿
飡
ţ˱һײľ䣬ҵĽϣҵĳ⿴ȥ
ֵӿ˲ˣһոճţһ
һ󣬳ʱ
ʲô£
ضˣܣ
ܰ
֪˭һɤӣǿֻûд·ôſȥӵ
ţǣ֪ʲô
ֱץס֣г𷢴ܣضˣܴڳ
ţãȻĸŻܡ
ˣţ˵ϣ֪ΪʲôͻȻʮĻš
Щ
Ż˵ĺףȻðͷ
뿪ӣܻȥ


140 
û֪׷ʲôһз̫죬ӦͷС
ǻֲ̿վڽֵϣ࿴ȴҳǱһ
Ȼ֪ԼڵΪǱѪȥǣҺڡռ족˳Ǳԡ
ԷѪܿסضɱѵԸ
ӣ᲻Ĳ
Ҳ˾þ㻻ˣҲѪҪΪɻ
֪û¡һʰһ˵ûµĻһӣʱǾܻˡ
ļûдȻǶôϣֶûϣ
ȥĶѯʵ˷ĶãȻ⣬Ʊգ̲Ʋ㣬С𽥱ܰѽϵܳ
ϼҰɡ
ܻȥ𣿡СʣôͶǵھӺݡ
˵ﲻͺˣ˵ҲдŻȥ
ƫƧûʹòϢӴ뿪˶˵ͺû̫
Ҳǡ˿㿴ﻹжǮԵҲҪϣ·̺ӱˣйӡ
˵˵ȥԼһѶҪߣû¿ôࡣ
ô룬Ҳ֪Լʲôƺÿ󣬶ϴó
廹ܻϼңֻվڽꡪ壬Ը뿪Ⱥۼأ뿪ҪôϼѾΪֻˣҪôū
뿪޴ȥ
Ӧûǰɣ
ܶ£ҿեͣ
ҡ֯һ֯ģ

¶̧ͷǱķ
뿪С󣬹˲죬Ӿͱ졣
Ǳ·пصʬ壬ûҵʬϵ˺ֻۣѪ
ûеˣûнˣѪģʬ壬ʬǿ־塣
ʬ赲ǿǱĽŲ
ǱﴫĲҽŵдѪζ
һүӳǱﱻӳڻûȫڵ»Ϊҽֻڵڵĺۼˮһ壬ʧӰ٣ûϴڹ
ǿѪ
ǰ죬ֻҪڣѪҲҹ̫ࡣ
ô׵ıסˣӳˡ
ǲԭǱѪȫͣ˽Ų
Ⱥﲻ֪˭ڿޡ
ǿСÿ˵ĵס

һΪѡҶչͨҵ̨ϣȣԼ۾¡
ɯǰ棬ڳǱǻþѪǳ
ҶԤǳǱһ̣Ůͺɯֵһˡ
ǱƵڻ˳Ǳ
ȻҲǹǵ࣬ӵˣ֪һҵˣѪָ塣
Ҳȷʵһս
ҶҲ֪ԼϧûаѪһ򾡣ǸĹԱܰȫһûҲûˡ
ûпرǣԼ²ࡣ
ǲǿ־ͳ档
Ҷ۵ͷ
ǰɯ˵쵽ˡ
Ӧÿˡ
ɯͷϷҶۣ֮ǰ˵ܶˣҪѪūкܶѪūɣ㲻ɣҲᱻųܶѪ
ʧȥôѪܿͻɯ˵ĺƽ
Ҷ̾˿ɯߡ
ɯŵĵطǵؽѣǴľ֮̿ĵط˲󣬺űĳ̷
ѪūȻᱻǶռʵ̫С
ǾôĬһȥ
Ǻܿ쵽µһ㣬ͺ͵ؽѵһҲһµľš
ɯǵľţһɸóʪԼѪζζҶʶһ㱻Ѭιȥ
סҶۿĻ
ĺ󱳿ǰأҶۿסڱǺ˵лˡ
Щƣ˵л
ҶҲ磬֪ƢǸˣײı䡣
סڱǺҶӦǹֱǵζŲһ˵ңҶչΨһߣΨһĹԴ
ľףƳܿȥʱǱһƹ
Ҷһμʶ˼
һֱͨ޹⣬߰ӡ
ЩŵĲ󣬶ǻˡ
׳һĻǿš
Ů˺ӣֻſڵϣֻܴǱǻš
ɢķùʳ˵ʳӸˮ
˱ţǳԺζйĳζҳʪζһҶһֱӦȻżһȥ
ô죬ҪǷų𣿡ɯʣųˣҲˡ
Ҷ۰ߵġΪʲôȥ
ˡ
ѾĥʧȥΣǵ˵ǳû˿صʱӳȥǳ˶ֽš
Ůձ²壬ϻڵ˺ۣһЩ»иɺԵѪ
²룬ֱӶ֪ʲô
ںӣǵûдֽţҲûбַǼйֳѪ԰׵ܿƤµѪܣݵֻʣһѹͷ
Ѿûʲôܱѹեˡ
ҶǲЩ˹Ҳᱻšȥ
ֻųȥʬ塣
ҶƿߣȰǷųܾȵþ;ȣȲ˵ġҲĹѨ
ɯͷá
ǿʼƻӵͷЩõĹղ߳ûһĿֻܿƻ
һǹǹ
˲࣬ѣ˵·ˡ
ǫ̂Ҫ
Ҷۣɯһˣˡ
ֻܱȥˡ
Щ˶ᣬѾһ㣬Ǹȣʲô¡
ɯȥ
Ҷ仯ʱȻ̲סһ
۾Ҷһۣĳߡ
ҶɯԶС˵ҲҪ̫ˣ
ʮҶ۵ļȻ˵ԣ̫ˡ
Ҷۣ
Լûбο
Ǹ֮ǰҶ۴ӶͳһӲǣָ߽Щӡ
Ӳָֻܷ࣬Щӡ
Щû̧ͷֻҶ۰Լ
ûо׽ֻԼĿڻ
СĺǣĥҲѾ˵ֿŲ죬ҲһᣬֻôľȻ۾֪
Ҷ۰һѾʧȥĺƽڵϣ׸˺ϡ
һؾССϺͽŵ׶к룬ӦǴСڸػ
ûһӡ
СʱΪԼڴֹнˡ
Ҷ򴽡
۽Щʪ󣬿ɺܿתߡ
ﻹôؽԮܵͷġʲô


141 
󲡳Զ׻ûȫϢãûѡ񣬿ôһϢѪūҲֻǿΪҺˮǱʮֿǣҶֻùԱڳǱԱߵĽֵ֧
йԱÿ˰Ҷ۶æýŲմأһٶʮѪūҲڱȳĵֻʣʮ
ЩѪūֻܱ͵պ
ЩѪūڵ´ʱ̫ҧۣΪԤߣֻܷա
ĺʱһ׼롣
Ҷȥסǣвݶǹˣˡ
Ҳȷʵסǣǲٳ롣
ֻɢҵط
治̫ףҶѰҵطáеʱ̲סʣΪʲôǳȥ˶෴鷳ҾӳȥҲû˻ǣҲأǶ֣Ǿͻʵ·ϡ
ȫͬǻиָɣȵģū۵ģġ
˵ⶼΪĽڡ
˼ˣֵΪһᡣ
Ҷѡõطѳдӱó˳ǵĶ⣬ֻ˵ûأͲȥ𣿡
㶡
Ҷ۰¿غѳзŵ˵ϣ˺˼˵ЩũǱġ
ܶΪũͱŵĺãǰǸũܳԱů
ũҶۿݳһѹͷ
οũ󣬴Ӯô࣬϶ҧũǻ㲻
ʱȺ²ˣҲ˲ˡ
Ҷ۲ˮѪūûȫҪֻΧũϡ
ܿ׹̾ϰ壬ֲϰ塣
нϾҪָĴСҶۣôȷʵǸ⡣
ֱɱˣ߹ԱǣҶ۾ܺ޸ǿ
ʵûɱˣִҲǸӷǵѪܻܱвӷ
ߣ˲Ÿɶ񣬲Ǻˣûлף֣ͳɱĶˣҪǲǣ´λҡ
ûмһһ
淭˸ۣм˵˵Ǹõطһзԡ
Ҷ̾˿ЩѪūָɣǾҪôԴЩ񡣡
ѪūǲĿ
ŹѪūֻӣˣһؾ
Ϊԭ;ǿ׳
İСҲūг塣
ʣµ׳ˣһûлûмֵҶҵǡ
ŵѪūڶûѣֻܵѣָǻܴǡ
ڼ䣬ԱóеѲߵǽȥ
ҪˡҶ̤ϳ̨ףתͷ̨µĳ˵
΢΢̧ͷҶϣ̲ס۾ҶЦЦ¶һڴǵĹʲôģǼӰࡣ
мӰѵĻҲࡣ
ҶҲЦÿ϶ûбĵطࡣ
ʵ治ںʼ磺ԭλҲͦǮģϾھӪҲûطǮÿµĹʶϴţ֪жǮ
Ҷ۵٩û㻹Ǹš
üǣ˵۵ʱܰСÿƨ
ˣ̫ˣɡôһСܹ
ھȳѪūĵڶϣҶۺͻ˳УѳкԱС󣬴йԱС
Աǽãϰ˵ΪȱٴȫҲܵõϣԲΪ࣬ƷЩȤζ
ҶҲȣѾһ㱡ͷҲڳ˺飬õͷθڶãŵװɣݵǴ𣿡
ЦУһֱأݲҲУ
ҶۣǾͺá
ӣԱǶǷγԷҶ۲һûʲôθڣôкһٳԡ
ԱǳԵҲȻ棬˼˿Ҳ÷ͺ͵ϣﻹŵǣǴ⣬ȵǷǳõˡ
ǳԷʱҶ۾߽￴Ѫū
ԶѾ̱ˣйԱæΪΨһҽҪе󲿷ֹ
˵ĲƺҪ
ҶۿǸģʱЩĲ
ԼΪʱҡƺԶѹեЩںˡ
ϢϢȥԷɣ˵˵עҿǡҶ۸ԱߵԶ׵ƿϡ
Զ֮ã˵ע̽ŵĨˣǺҶְлȥŲ壬ܳ˰׳̵ļơ
ġ߽ü˵֮ǰûµʱС
˵һҲʲô¶ûɡ
ΪԶ͵͵ϰߣҡ
ҶۼһҺܣȷûѪҺԺֿûװתͷȥһ
æʱȷʵ࣬æʱҲۡҶתʱļ룬ȻЦʣ㲻ڳԴװɣ
Ķ˲ˣϿһ仯Ǹӣʲôף˭Ĵף
ҶЦİɣ㻹ǱԶҪġ
˵꣬Ҷۻ˸ƣܣ˵
촽һֱߣЩӲĵ˵ͷ
ǻкܶҪæûʱ̸
Ҷۣ߰ɣȥˡ

ؾʱѾǰҹˣһչС̨ƣ˻ƵĹߣɼĹ⣬Ȼõؾڼһ̲סս۾
ӦһС۾
Ķ


ؾ˼ܸӣðӰ˵ͷȫޣƽڴϣʣºƺֻӤĸױڻʱܹ
ѾЩǲӺˣǵԼʱôĳǣǵ˭
ֻǵڽ޹Уÿֻܿһ㷢ùʳ
ÿԷʱЩʳѾõŻɲϵǿԼȥ
ȥ
ȻҲΪūûгߵ룬뵱ԭҲֻеŲᱻūƽɱܻȥ
ʲôĥ˵İ˷ÿԷ˯
ţΨһ֧ʱٴ
ؾûжԼںܺãûĸоĴϡ
ӦѾ˰ɣ
Ϊݵһûκλ£
ؾ۾
ȻѾˣúõ˯һɣѾܾúܾãû˯һþˡ


142 
ҹ㾲ֻ΢
ؾѾȫˣδ˯ôľȫѵɳڣոհεԼֵĹӣ

ؾԼĶӣˡ
Ժ˻ǻö𣿵ؾЩãȻ
ҲǵһҲûϹ˴ڹ飬Դţɻ
ؾֻ֪֪ԼڼһʳֱеĶӱ졣
ֵûߵС̨ƵߣĽŸոأ㲻Ŀյơ
ūߣؾǼöģȻֻԶԶĿһۡ
ȷԼûĵơ
ú͵ƣҲԲԲģɢâСԲ򣬾Ȼûб̵
Բ¶ȣԶûеֵĵز
ؾһ¾ջ֣Ȼһ¡
촽΢΢ֿ¶һԼûģںӵЦ
һǵ
ؾޱȿ϶һ㣡ūûĺö˭Ըøһؾأ˶ֵյأ
ؾƽ͵룬ԭǰԵпͷǰ׳Եģ
֪ŵʱͲˡ
ڵؾ׼뿪ѰһѰʹʱͷ˽Ų
ؾһʶҪҸطֻһŴ̫ϸխ겻ȥؾɻ˴ϣñӰԼͷֻ֮Լͺ
ǽŲˡ
ܸо߽ӣֹסĲ
Ǹ˺ߵ˴ߡ
ؾ˿ĭӺ¡Լĭ̫󣬺ȫ綼
ûˡͷ˵
Щ죬һؾȴԷ˵ʲô
˵Ե㶫ɣҪӪҲҪ
ؾżԼѾþȡˣѾˣûūȺˣһʹ
ǵؾСƿӣֻ¶Լ۾Ƶĵƹ⿴ˡ
סˡ
˳ЦЦ̫ˣҪһθ̺ɵ࣬θܳˡ
ؾӵؿˣСʣʹ𣿡
㶣ؾʣʲôʱܼأҲܵʹ𣿡
ָҵķ𣿡ؾĿˣҪҿԹֻҪҸɾģҳԱķͺˣûҲûϵ
ҶۿƤڣϸݣĵؾ̾˿Ĵ˶ԷĻ룺ﲻ㻹ûﻹ㡭صӡ
ؾͫ죬ŵʣôܣⲻܣﲻʲôӣ϶϶
ؾ૵ظ֣ԼһţñӸסԼܾҶ۽ܾʵ
ڱҧָĿ
ԸԼѾˣʹӿѵˡ
ֻҪţҪôһأʳҪôٴγΪū
֪ЩǣǶĵؾһ㣬һҪϵõ࣡
ҶûȰҲ֪ԷʱԼôȰҲûá
ֻǷ̺࣬Ȼ˳
뿪Ҷվҹ֮£Ѿĵ
ܹ˳ԻֻиոյĵؾؾǻЩѣٶԻˡ
ֻкͲҽУһ̺ࡣ
Ҷû̧ͷҹգĸƽ
ҵ˿ˣٻ
ֻⲢζҶ۱ľʣɻͬЩˣԸʩԮ֣档
ѾмݶĸŮʱľˡ
ƺݳǼܳ¡
Ҷ̾˿׼ȥȡһͽһ
ԱְƣһϢһڳѲߺ͹۲ûܡ
ֻҶۺԶʱչЩѪū
Զ׵ĶҶۿ죬Ҷ۲ſˣԶѾʮ
ȡ͵ĵطͷԶضҶ˵ϰ壬Ҫˡ
Ҷκ˵춼Ϣ
Զ̾˿岻á
Ҷۣˣ⻰˻С
Զ׵岢ҾλóҲȥ
ֻԶǱֵĸ⡰
ȻҲѣʱʱ̶̿ǵԼ裬һҪݵ
Զ̾ϰ壬㲻𣿡
ҶѾ˲̣΢΢ҡͷҲۡ
Զ׾Ϊʲô
ҶۣžͲվţžͲţǲɻҲҪҵԸˣʲôС
Ҷ۲ǣҶûҲҪԼҵˡ
ƺòÿ뵽ʲôȥһ֢ûС
Զеˣ⣬ҲЩ壬Ϊ֪Ͷ̥һ飬Ҳ
ҶۿԶһۣ̫ʲôʵģȻ˵߼·£ɰ
Զף
Ҷ۱˸Ĵָ㣬ˡ
Ҷû壺ʲôʲô
Զæ˵ɯˣ
ҶֵĿһۣɯһ㶼ڿ졣
ֻҪǾԲԼſʵġҶɯԺӾЩͷۣϲɳϳǣÿȥ˵ٴĲġ
֪ΪʲôҳĶôˡ
ҳ޷ԭһǲںһԼȺӸ
ҶüԶףѧİɣ
Զףϰ壬˦Ҳô˦ģôͲԼģ
Ҷ۳ĬΣһԲĶŲˡ
ԶվԭؿҶ۵ıӰĨ˰Լ
ֻȰԼҶ۲ֲġҳһڵɯ̫ˣϰ屻Ĳ״̼ʧȥƽġ

ɯڰϣ̧ͷվԱߵ۵Сۡ
㲻ϲҡɯ˵
ûɯӣû˵Ĭˡ
ɯҲںҲϲ㡣
ƿߡ
ɯߴˣʲôˣӣ

ƽıһбơ
ɯ룺ԣ岻ǣôĶӡ
ԼҪǸɯһΪɵˣ⣬ɯ˵ʲôҪô
Һϲɯվϣݶ˵׺ĸһ
ҲҪĸˣǺĸס
ưĳ˵Ҫҵĸףһᱣõġ
̲ס˵˵ĸס
ɯںǾ͸ףԡ
ȥǱ߿
˵꣬ѳɯԼȥһѲߡ
ָɯΪǵģ轾ݵģҶǰװģǵһμģø˵˷˵ȫǷϻ
ɯֿ档
һ
ĸɯԻ·
ЦʲôԲ԰ǣ
ŹɣֻһССıڣǵġ


143 
Ǹô죿һͷ𷢵ڵڣѾܾû뿪ţϽֵˣһ˶ǡ
常ĸ裡Ѿûʳˣ
ŮվߣżʣüӣЩ˸Ļţû˵ֻܳĬŰǿŵ˶ӵĲ
겢Ů˵Ķ߹ȥ𽥱󣺡ǲ𣿣
ǲٴˣ
Ů˶˼ֵץסӵֱۣҡͷ˵вУûпȥǸŮ˴ˣ
ֻ̧̧֣ôԶֱӰ˴ˣ
ǻɱ˵ģ
תͷף֣
ϣͷȻҲѾɳƣɣܲܰǶɱˡ
ǲɱǣٹ죬ǾֱӱˣǶ֡
ܻǵʲôΪʲôҪǣ
Ů˺ɷһۡ
ǼѾˣ꼸ﳤģ˵Ӿļҡ
żͬһȥСӻ
ֻŮ˺ɷ򻹼ǵÿǵҶԸ֡
һΣǵĶֱƹǣһһ꣬Ǹ˿ǰ
һΣõ˽Ǽҵõһ⡣
֮һ¡
Ժִ˲ƣܣԼ¡ԼЩƶģԲӵĿӣԺҲõСϹӡ
ܵõɢĵĽ
Ů˲Ҹ߶ӣЩûгΪҲܹϺӣֻᱻڰյĵΪѪȡѪѪū
СġŶӵġġ
ڣûԭ¡
ŮҲˡ
ЩΪѪūˣ˻ߵؾˣżо壬Ҳࡣ
˾ţҲǻܿ࣬类ѪץȥܹһβԴӣϾѪɱǣǻ
ŮһֱôģҲֻô롣
꿴ĸĬ̲סҪȥҪǽҾͲȫ
˵꣬겻˸ĸƿ˳ȥ
ֻֻƨɺͷ׷һξ룬ʵܲˣʱʳһֱŶӣǷܳԵķֻжӵһ롣
οǵʹˣᣬֵĹǾıӰˡ
Ƕ֪ڳǱķܡ
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Ƕܵúܿ죬оԼѾܾûܹˣûСļңÿʶСɵĴ·̫̫
ЩһˣĻ顣
ʲôƾʲôôԴ
ǶһǻѪӿͷʱȫ־ֻҵǸռСˣСܺãÿ˶ԷôԴǣһµ
ܵ˳ǱſڣǱŽգǽ˺ð죬ûܴĶȥ
ܿͿ˳ǱԱߵ
Ȼ֣߲ѵǶ⣬ͳȥ
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Ƕײȥһ̱ۡ
һײʹǶһƨ˵ϣ˻һ̧ͷ濴ȥ
ĲͬײĲǸ׳ˣǸСŮ
һͷɫľһɫȹӣȹʮ֣Ȼ¶˸첲Сȣ˫΢죬ǶΪ޻ԭǺɫͫס
һСŮǶķŭǱ˲٣һֳֻŵվŮ߹ȥѧʿӣ΢΢ʵû°ɣûײ۰ɣ
Ů̧ͷƺ˼ŮгǶ֣Ƕ
Ƕգգۣû뵽ŮȻʶԼ
ô룬벻ԼŮæŮһߣС˵ôһؼȥлˣ
ŮƺûĻʣлˣ
ǶŮ̫죬Ҳûж룬ϾÿɤӲһЩɤɳƣͺСҲܳ죬ʲôر쳣¡
ЩСˡǶŮǽǣΣȷûѲԺһ˵ռӣȻ֪ҪʲôҴģһɱǿ
ȻôΪʲôҪŮ
һ㶼£ź档
ǶҲƽ˲٣ϣԱ߼һƬҶ棬̾˿㻹С㲻ЩǱҪġ
ôҶҪҵǸռˣҪԶÿ־ǵͷǵļңߡǶȭͷ
ŮĬ˰ΣһֿĿ⿴Ƕ
ǶŮĿ⣬㶣ôˣΪʲôôң
Ů֪Ůʲô𣿡
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ŮҡͷѪ
ƭˣѪǵʳǻᱻڵҲ⣬ÿֻܳ˵ʳ
˵߾ȳǣһٶˣֻʮ˵СǵǾѪİס
ǶЦݽϣоԼЩŮĻ
æ˵ܣҡҴܶظ˵ǻֵӣ԰Ѽ˽ӹֻҪܹӣ
ЩˣǸũĺӣǺü궼Բһ⣬ԺҲûгԱ֪ʲôζ
Ƕ׺ݵؿŮƭңһƭңǵ˶԰ɣҲǿ
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Ů̧֣Ƕҡҡλεվ˳Ůָ⿴ȥһ·׷ĸĸ
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رãֻҪúùܳԱ
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ǸˣʲôܣǸʴȵĴˡ
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144 
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Ҷֻڿʱɵ̾˿ʮꡣ
ȥʬԺǶĸĸģ񲢲ǲһȥġ
ҼǵɯҶۿϵʱҶ۵ϥǣƺҶ۵ȥ̧ͷҶۣȻûϵʱһ
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ǲҸκζǰͣ½Ų
ֻǶңΪǶĸĸ̫ˣ֪ɯݣҲȥΪʲôôɯĿˡ
ָһСȻڻкºܿ뿪ɯߡ
Ǹʱ֪֡
ɯǶûʲô飬м֮鶼ǳǶʱɯûа㲨
Ҷе֣ûп
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ɯһըҶߣ˵ܺóԣԡ
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ֻҪܻǲںԼҪȥʲôҲûκεµߡ
Ҳһֱûмţ˺ͻˣºûҶۻλǸеһϧΪǻ˵ǸˣҲڴˡ
Ϊţ˶ɢ⣬Ͷһ档
Ҷ۽˹˾סӲߣţθߴ෴Ƕβͣǰ˻ߵؾ
ͬǣҲһԵʮֺһ˫Բ۾üŵࡣ
ûбʱ򣬿ҲƵġ
ҶͬѧĽëʱĿࡣ
һҶ۽̹ؾصϣ̧ͷͦأϻûȫϵ˺ۣƤϵѾȥˣҲһ⣬ҿҶ۵۾ֻҿԷ°͡
ҶɤӣϸضԹ˵ú£Ѿȫˣָ˾йԺҲõ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ֮ǰȦǵѪͬҶۻҪʲôҲỨôʱ侫ǡ
˹ǻģձ鲻ǺܴǸǽȫȻˣΪֹ˼άʽֱӣұ繷ˣйϰԣġ
ūǲôϲˣΪȻɵö࣬ԵҲ࣬£˿ͣ԰ҪôɽֵĴҪôֻܸɿĵ͵ū͡
˵ͷĶ䶯˶βͲԾ˦£ԼʶԼľٶ̫ãҶβ͹˹ֶ˶ȻͣڿС
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Ҷֻ㻹ǵϼĶ𣿡
˵۾ˣæ˵ɽм䣡
ڴʱˮ˶죬ˮͲöˣֻǳȽ϶ֵ࣬ʳȥ⣬ֻ̫ˡ
ǻԣ˵βһζΪ֮ǰڵؽţβеͺ
Ҷ΢ЦŹ˵ȥΪʲô뿪ϼң
˵ĶȥС˵Ϊˮڵ̫ˣʱ򣬴ӱˡ
Ҷۣ
æ˵˵ͱ嶼ϲԴ峤Щ˳ûдԸǣˣٰǽӹ
ҶۣǴ峤ͦġ
ЦˣһЦϵĿʧˣ⡣
Щƭ㱻ץİˣǽʲôͷҶʱŽ⣬ΪǣŻӣѪץסˣҲǸýܳͷʱ򡣡
㶣ץץԼ°ͣץץԼĶ䣬ϵЦҲʧˣ΢΢СȥҶ۵ɫ˵á߰ɡ
ҶҡͷΧкܶũҲʳŵĵطǿܻЩũ
æһ߱Ȼһ˵Դȥû·ҪԼԣԼסĵطܻǾԭǡ
Ҷһ㶣̷Ӧ˵˼
ŵ̵ĵطǻͽ
ȷʵʧΪһð취ȲԼȾѪҲõΪһܻҲһĥѣõ㹻ĳͷ
ǶҰ澭˵ҰⶼǼΣյġ
Ҷ۳幷ЦЦлл
ϥվգգۣΪʲôлԼ
ǵԼһʹҶۻûȫ뿪ǰҶۺǣҴ˿Խӹ𣿣
Ҷתͷº͵˵ԣܿͻȱˡ
Ҫˣȥ䵱Ļơ


145 
Ѫūв־壬ѵֻжʮˣȫƱͨˡš
Ҷ۵ָй˴·ھ´ĵڶͱ·
ǲʳֻһ·
ûзˮȲһڣȥҰ
ЩûҰ˵ҰⲢֲΪԼȫҰȥֱҵԸǵĴ䣬ǵҰ޺ɢĳǲڵģɾˮԴ϶ҲС
ڻ𡪡ľȡҰ˶ᡣ
ΪԼǱţΪҰ϶ȱá
Ĺ˳˼顣
һߣӾͿҶпտʼ쳬ΧĻˡ
⣬Ա߲̫ڵһЩϾɵĲס˵ľֱӲ
ҲͷֱӷˣſҪһƽ̹ĴðѼСӸɹ˿ʹá
ǵЩСҪţҪ켸ӳ䵱ùݡ
ù֣áѪūǳ䵱
ﲻķӲ٣ֳһЩáѪūǾס
Щ࣬Ϊֲ㣬Ժķ˰ʱɡ
³⣬ҶҲڲ߻˿͵Ļ
ͳǻĳ˻Ȼһµĳܱ߻⣬СɽһĴ
ҶվڡСɽǰгɾ͸еĳ˵Ķ˶ʶ֣Ҿ취
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ʶֵҲܿӡüޣǷִҪɫȾ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ǰҲ⣬ΪʲôһҪӡĻ̣ЩƷƵͼͻǵɫر߼Ҷ۰Ѵǣһ߷һ˵ΪĹ˿Ⱥﲻһ
һ㿴ͼˣҪôйҪôǮֱȽУǲҪ̫ǿҵӾ̼ҶֻۣҪͼϵϢȷУҪеƸоò
Ҫץס·˵·˲÷ǿҵӾ·˼סһؼ㣬۴Ҷ˵ԺΪԵõĵͷҾþҲУҲܿȥӪ
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Զ˵ұУԼȥе󡣡涥е㻬Ҷۣϰ壬ںܳ𣿡
Ҷޱ飬ſգϿҵ˵󡣡
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˵ˡҶջߣոǸ׼Ц˲Լһ˵ƲϢмҪȥ졣
̧üҶۡ
Ҷ۴յ˵ɯ˵оŮڸ
Ҫһ㣬ɯȥҿҶۣ˴Ҳ̫ġ
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Ҳԣջ۵ùǺԼֻһϢʱ䣬ԱȳǣòҲӦõġ
Ҷ̧סļֻƽʱûжĶҶ۹ϣҶֻ΢Ž˵֪ջҲϢŮȷʵҪֻнҲŷġ
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Ҷۣ㿼ǿǣʵ̫ˣȥҲС
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ĹôûʲôƫãżڳҲЩߣƽʱǶǰԼǹҶۣøɡ
ʱɵĲˣˡ
Ҷ°ͣˣҪʲôܸ
ϾҲûʲôҪܸȥĶ
ҲǸҪˡ
Ҷ۰ĵɳϣյ׼Լ衣

ʲô׼ϹũƿڵĳͷվǰʵѾףֻģӦûʮ꣬ѾǸˡ
ݶ΢Ц˵֮ǰӦö֪
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ݶ˵ԣмʶҼѧķˡ
ũѵеĻ֪ĿɷȻЦǻ̫ˡ
ôɫҪúܶϰɣũСĿݶ
ݶ̿˼΢Ц˵ģǲջȥģҪĻһٸš
ͷ̫ˣҼŰɡ
ʱ򻹽͵ҶϾҪˣĻڼ϶ܺá
ݶЦе˵ǿһ£ȥһˡ
˵꣬ݶһǰһ˼ҡ
ũ޿ıӰ̲ס˵һǲöҡ
ɷҲĶǺΣֻܴӹС̷һʵģֻһζǶҪʮöҡ
ȻҲûǾ̫ˡ
öңҧҧһޣƺҲǲܽܡ
ɷС˵ǵʱȥȥ˶ܰȫĻǾͽȥ
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ǿŲݶҰţھﶼ
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С˵ǻȥɣӦûбǸˣֻҪǳͺˡ
۵ıƷũ˿־塣


146 
컹δرڰ֣ҼһѾú͵ƣǵĵƻԴеĴӣõĲͽũ׼ҪĶֻ˶ӾǰС
һλֻҪһöңʮ޻ũΧȹϲ˲Լִ֣ΧȹȺʮöңֻһޣ֪𣿡
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ũ˸ۣɷؿڣļ͹ô죿ӣҲǣ˭ֻ֪ʲô¡
İӲ٣ɴ˶ʰ˵ĵز
ũԹϴǾͲѹȲˣҺ÷ֵ磬Ȼ궼ö
ũǼҲͷۣԼӣӴСвɻȻһѺ֣ҲǣԼҲϴԼǵȥǲƨɡ
֪˶ٴǫڴҪˣǸӣһҲûд˵ӡ
ҲûǮܸȥũһɷ죬ҺǼҡ
ũҲЦݣСӻе㱾¡
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࿴϶һֺõЦȥ׵ǲͣ˵ûְ֣ͰǶϰɣǻܰö
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֮ǰЩ˶ˣ֪ĶȥҲ˵˵ǿ϶ʲô¡
ĸһ·ߴߴĶԻߵȥ
·ҲֹһˣΧũСϡ
ũЩ֣а˴𣿡
ǿ˲ԶһȺˣǱżһߵı¨ǣźСߡ
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ũ̵ɴ۾ӵƨһţ㻹ҽɽ
ƨǰ壬һһߺɽûʲôµģûʲôҰޣǾͻ̫Сˣȥɽϻܼ񵽲ĢȻΪ֮ǰҴؼҵĢĶģֵ𣡡
ũ׷϶ӣԭ̤š
ˣôĢķϡũοӣǰɽʱҲ֪аסǶ
һ㶼ǲӵģǸ⣬弸ǸԱ
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ũС˵˵˺ܼǳ𣬴Զ㡣
ũͷ
ǰţֻǰܣǵſʱһߵ˶ǰһĻˡ
ԭֻŵĳȫˣŢĵ·˴Сһʯ壬ʯ߻ֵĻݣ˳·ȥͷһֵĽͺʯһȻһ壬ȲľͷҲʯש
סľũ˵ɹС򣬼ֱƵǸûʡ
һȺĿɿڴվڳſڣԶԶǻ࿴ϣߵȽȥ
ȽȥƽµĳˣǲŸŲ
ʩƶɮõġ
ũС˵ֻҪһ˳Ǿ̳ȥȻκǶˡ
ũͷĦȭƣ׼ðѶʮöҶȥ
һʡԼôǮ
˼Ҳֻλȥ
һۣ϶Цһתͷ˵Цݾͽϡ
ӺŮѾ·Ƕӣǿֱ̧ۣǿԼǮ󺰵ʮһǣҲģ
꣬ӾתǶȥ
ô죿ũûʱŭĿӡ
ũһţô죡һȥ
ƽĻһҪѶӵƨɴã
ŮҲҪݺһ٣
ȥʱھǶܾȣû뵽ôļ
ϣ
ǿǮȻóʮöҡ
˺ܾðɣǼҺüû·ˡ
ԶԶԣ·ǲ·ϴ򲹶ò·
֪б˵κҲӦǮġ
Ҳǡ
һ˵һ߿Ƕũһñι޺ǹޣǾܺԥĳȥˡ

ô󣡡һеͣſڣ̧ͷ컨壬Ե
Ůһ˷ܵ˵ϣţΣ磡Σ
æŮԼ˦Ҫ˵ͿԱһŮ˹
ԷĸӲߣһͷڷһ壬СԲǸɰͰ͵ݣƤܰף׶⻬ũӡ
á΢ЦҪʲôҴǹȥ
Ҫ˵˸ĸĺΣҪΣ
Ŵ˸£ʵˡ
ĸİǰҲ÷Ƣֻܺݺݵĵá
СǰŮ˵Ĳ
õʲôƣụ̂ҲŲζ
ָĸǣֱˣΣʲô棬ҪǸĸʱʱͷһۣﵽԱˡ
רκǵĻվס΢ЦŶǰŮԼһ˫Ů˵κǾǻҪĶҲԽңжܹ򡣡
ũûнĵط·̷еĻҲֻǼûѡأִٵ˵ֻʮöңĶ
ɱ΢ЦֻҪһöͭҶǵĿˣô
ȻﲻˣҲ
пеĻǮֲĻȰѶϣûдԽƷ˵ܻ
˵Ժ󣬷˵һߣԼѡ
ũ㶵վԭء
ϣĺõط
ĳĵꣿ


147 
Ʒڻϣũĳӽ߬ңĿ͹ϣ۾ֱˡ
κһƺʧȥûʲô͸˵Ķ
ũţȻҼһѼǼѼǵȥǮģǼʮԼ˶һܳһ͵Ļȡ;̫٣ǮȥĻͱˡ
ֲͣեͼޣʼͣĻ۸񲢲ȶͱ˶٣ԼեĻũ˵ķѵʱ侫ɱԶջ
Ͼķͬʱ侫ȥֵӣեֻڳԷʱ򿴵һǡ
˶֬ĿǲΪԲģء
ӵĿѾ͹ϣճյĿŹӣû˿Եջ
ũҲŶӵĿ⿴ȥ˿ĭ
ũɷĺ󱳣ǿӲˣκǵģ;ֻܰˡ
СŮС˵ûôأ
һҪöңö˵Ҳܱˡ
ũһҪʮöңһ룬ҲҪö֪֪öҪãǶλȥֻҪĻһֱãأ
ũ̾˿Ҳǲǡ
ĪЩˣҪɣֻҪԺڡ
̴ӻһͣСر͹ܵվһԵķǰովȣڿ˫۵һ̾ϵͷȥ
Ƕûмϸɸɾ·һûУƤҲһֲڣûȸߣ̧ϻûм롣
ֱĹСһ
ΪûԾ޷κЩ΢־塣
Ҫöңʡ
ЦŻشöҡ
Ӳ˼ĵɴ˫ۣöȻöҶ˵һʾ޿Ǻʮöȣ˵ļֱڰͣǿˡ
öת˺裡öң
һͣκһǣ
һ˻࿴ũ˵Ĭ˳ӵҪ
ʵʲôҪ𣿳⻹бĶϳ£Ϻ͵ζƷв;ߺ͸๤ߣ۸ҲǲʱĻԶ࿴
ü۸ֻܸǿһҲʧ
ϴųϿҵЦݣȰѣеĹЩһμİˡ
һ˿ŷϵЦݡ
ֻǿһӦҲûʲôɣ
򲻾ͺˣ
ʱ仹ô࣬͵۽硣

ôûſڵǽųС
Ǽ˽ȥ֮û˽ȥˣǶܽʱţ뿪ʼð
ǲǱץȥū˰ɣ
ӦòɣūûǷĻֵǮ
Զԣ˵ֵǮ϶ܹô޵ϣ϶ֵǮ
ǡǻᱻȥʲô
ǳ£һ߾ǼѾˣһֲԸ뿪⣬ǱżãϣϣϵĶģǿõļ۸򵽱Ʒ
ˣͻȻ󺰡
ֵȺȻ˶ǰ쳤˲ȥӳ߳һĿڡ
Ǳȥٿ򲻼ˣŮͷϵķûˡ
ʧȥĶǵõȣֱֵһᡣ
ǻﱧţţÿ˶ǸոմӾѨһΪóĶ̫̫أٶҲûп쵽Ķȥ
һ϶Цô׵¶ŻĶ
û߳ţһ˶Χȥ
ǲǾʹʮöôôණ
ײף
ôģκǻôࣿ

һΨԼĶˣѵĻԼĹӣӴ󺰵ǿȥɣ涫࣬ȥ˾򲻵ˣ
仰һʵũȫˣĬ˶ųг˹ȥ
죡죡ȥ
˰Ѷˣ

þû˿ˡҶվڼ̲裬²ĿżĻ棬ոڳſԵرȵĹ˿ǽԺȫʵˡ
ǳеĻ̫죬Ƿ׷ױ˳ڵĴȥӦĻܡ
ֻ
Ҷ̾˿һԵĳ˵ٶǮһ궼뿪Ŀ
ũ޵ģҲûʲôֵǮĶ
ҲκԼֱƷ
ǮĶͨǲݳƷƺһЩϡŹ֣ﲻĹƷũǾԲҲûǮ
ǸʱңЩũù裬ҲեʲôǮ
Ҷ°ͶԳ˵о˺͹Ǯ
ҶǲԸųеģ鷳ۻС£ÿһضҪصĴ򽻵ԼһҪ˥
棺֮ǰʱ򣬸˶˵ÿһ춼˹ʲôˣЩС̷ĶҲ٣ǾҲûʲô
ȻҶˮȻƽȷʵ
ֹҵ֧ŲгũֵؾͺĹȫûв
̫İ취ڱλãλͲˡ
Ҷϣεͬ˳ĻҪһʱˡ
æıߣЩˣȥƷܵԣǮˡ
˲̫ҡҶ̾˿
ôλԺҶѾϰԸ뿪Լĵطˡ
δ֪ģδ֪ζܵΣա
δ֪ã־δ֪вȥҲ
棺˹Ը⣬ҹ۲ˣЩӶжŮ٣˶ȢţȢҪʳͷӣһֱֵأͻһֱȢš
Ϊ˽ӣǵĸĸҲͬǳȥðա档
Ҷۿų棬¶ЦǾ鷳㿴Щʺϡ
ʮ˵֤񣡡
ϰ壬ɯȥĶˣûˣǵ죿Щ֣ǹϵǺܲ𣿡
ҶۣûУǹϵͦģɯȥҿܷܲŮټ
治˼ĿҶۣǹϵΪʲô
ѵϰ۾ʺס𣿣
ҶҲֵĿų棺ǰȻ֣עִ磬ϵõ֮ɣֵֻıȽ䵭˭䵭
棺ϰ壬һ˫ڷһ۾
ҶЩĪΪǿ佱ͷԼ𣺡ԣһֱ
̾˿Ҷ۵ǴʲôǶȿ˵ġ
޾ɵ˵ȳȥˣϰ塣
Ҷ۵ͷȥɣúϢ֮㻹Ҫѡˡ
˳ȥ֮Ҷ۲Ŷ豭һڡ
СŢĵ·ϣһĿһ߳ҵķߣһ̲סЦ
˷̸ܵųһУЩԱ
һΪǹҵСӶأũ۽磬˵쿴ôöԼܲð
ũЩڹ﹤ŮӶѵùĶҪģ
ЩǿԳԺüˣũҲ̲סһ޸Ұ裬Ҳ᲻Ρ
ӣ㲻ԼǮܶ㡣
ũͷһûкǳӣͷԣǸһҪȥ֪ͨҸãҲһ㡣
֪ҵῪá
ôණӦûῪܾðɣ
ˣҷǸûʲôˣڶɿˡ
ܲܰᵽȥôյĸʡ
ũҡͷӿͦãҪǳô죿ʱ߾ˡ
ũ򸽺͵ԣҪġ
ͻȻ˵ȻܵԶһȥ
۾ͻȻһöңöܿҾܽһ·ˣ
Ȼ⣬Ӿ̼ãĸǰߣ衣
ũ̫Σˣ·ϿǿҰޣ·ûΣգȥ˿ܻ˺㣬йүĶô죿ѾûǮˣ
ӲԸ˵ҶҪˣҺһֱסһɣֻ䣬ҵķС¹񶼷Ų¡
˵ҵķҲŲ¹񣡡
ӵһۣܼԺҪкô죿ú˯ݶ𣿾㲻ӣǼҵֻô࣬Ժ󣬾ܸɻǵʳҲࡣ
ʱǶҪڳԵ١
ӣԸӣҿɲԸ⡣
Уũ̬ȼô˵Ҷͬ⡣
ӣ裡
ͻȻ˵øһȥͺˣҲȥȥĴͺˡ
ũĬˡ
ӳȴ裬ǵķҲܶû޹ˣʱҵķ˯ǵķҲǰɣֻҪǮҲ·ӡ
ʱҺҲԶĵط
ũһֱװԼڵɷ򣺡˵
ũС˵ԣһһ˾Ͳõˡ
ũһðɣķϡ
ӼĴһ
Ǿһӵصģ


148 
Ҷڴߣһȿȣƫͷ⿴ȥ
գձϴôõ
Ϣĳ
ԴӷԼҵġáܴӳлƷ֮ΧũǶˡ
סɽ￿ԺͲɼάĲ塣
пҵĵڶ˺;鲿ɭܳǴľҰˣƤ·ĶҲ⡰ȻѪģҲûҶװһװеĵϵ˲Ѫˮ
һߣĹԱеæˡ
绹ͦѵģú͵ƵʱҶۻΪʱҪʼˣ벻ԶĵطëѪġҰˡ
ΧũڶòϵĶǱƷũߺ;ҶۻΪЩҼһľǿˡ
ɽĲƷƷǣԼϺͷ;ˮ
ֻҶ۸뿴ˣǴˡ
Ǯϵͳ涨Ŀǲܿͨƽ
ȻҶ۸ͨƽ򽻵ȻҲῪˣݳƷã
ס£Ҷۿ߽Ĳݶ
ݶæͷǺûôˣеĹ˿Ҳ˲٣ټϹԱ̬ȶܺãԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽꡣ
ԣ˵ǵĴ̫Զܲס죬궫ߡݶվҶǰ
Ҷ̧ȥȻֲݶѾɴˡ
˵ǵһμʱ򣬲ݶڴѾǿԵĸ׵ˣҶǸжûͱҵСټӪžͺͳࡣ
ڣݶʱûо紵ɹÿвˣĿۿɼķӯ
ΪʱɯݶһηηһɨգǲԾŵıֱͦĿûж󷽡
ҶջĿ⣬ǽģҲЩ⡣
ݶˣҲԽԽãӦҲļֹ͡
ΪʲôЩƶˣõԭζ
ŶԷãԼҲܵõһС
жˣҶʡ
ݶʮˣˣ塣
ݶ룺ǴĶҰϵģֻһκǣûȱģ˵ٻһЩϾʳ
Ҷ΢΢üڻڳ𣿡
еѾˣҪάоӪҪѲߣά֮ͬ򣬹˿Ϳ࣬ΪҪֵĵط̫࣬±֮ǰڳ¹˿ʱۡ
Ͼ¹ԼļʿºҲüʿﳬάΰԱֻҪڳ˿;ˡ
ݶͷ̫
ڹԱһ˷ֳãѾæˣȻûڳ¹ۣʵڲ֡
ҶۿŲݶʱɣиũŮҪ
ֻȥˣҪһʱ䡣
ݶæ˵Ϊ£˵ࣿģҿ϶е̤ʵϸɵˣ
һᶨĲ˳ȥ
뿪ϢңݶϲԾ¶Цݣȴż˿ȥĻܡ
ЩǴϵͳ̳ǽģклƽ۲ϣдƬƬӡ
ȻҶλ治ܻӭ۸ˣȾɫ޴ƬӡĲϷǳ仹ôɫ΢еǮĹ˿ͶＷһǮ
ǲݶЦ̫ԣȥˮȵʱ޻ʲô£ϵЦûȥ
ݶһŬ˵˽ȥ֡
޵ͷЩæÿմɨҪô֣˵ҪѲϻˡ
Цʲôֵʡ
ݶǾãҲܶһˣ䲻½ǣҲǰֻܸЩͨơ
ͨʲô˵ҵиһ֮
룬ЩĽӾͲ㣬ֻܸЩɨĻȥйͲˡ
̾˿˵סͬһƬ£»㣬ԼȻģȴôҲĲˡ
ݶοǰ˵óͲó£
ɻϸϸٺòˣҪҶĵطõĵطԣǰʹ
˵ˣȥˡݶ޴˸кŲɵĳȥ
վԭؿŲݶıӰ
ͬʱģɲݶı仯ȴѾǲˡ
صŮǡ
һĽݶԼΪʲôݶ
Ϊӣûиı
ΪݶСԽǿӦĸ죿
̾˿ˮȥɻ

ݶС·ϣŰǹ˸β·β΢΢˦žһڼŮ
ũҲʶ·в˶к
ݶҲнһЦݸǴкʱҲͣ½Ų˵䡣
ǵеæˣҪЩˣŮԡݶһ˵ҪֽɾģǮһһᣬܸɶá
ҪʺϵҲƼҡݶֽŲɾĿɲҪһֽŲɾһĶҪߣܸҲһ
һ˺ܿ춼Χ˹
ޣҪ˰ﺢֶ࣬Ӷһ£ɳֵ⣬Ƕ˶ûһ֮ҲûȥĴҹ
ҪôǺܿ챻ϻҪôǳȥԺš
ʱˣҲͲٷ˳ȥˣֻǱϻãҪǱץˣūˣ߱˾Ͳˡ
ڼſھҵôõĹ˺ܿѲݶΧΧˮйͨ
ֻݶҪȥӣͣ˰Сʱϸ˵ʱҪɵ£õı꣬Ϊ˷ʱලȡơĹģʽ
ôࣿũԺҲ벻ˡ
öңһ£صˣ˿̶ʧ
ݶͷҲֻ̫࣬ʮ֮ȱ˵ĻС
ũغҼӣǶȥ
Ҽ
˴Ҽ߸
˵İˣһ𳯷˿ȥ
˴ã꣬˿̹˲˵Ŀ⣬Ⱥݶǰɫ˵ҡҼ߸ӣܸɻܳԿ࣡
ݶҲûֱӴӦֻ˵Ǽȥģ컹û͵õſڵţʱˣֻǸûϵĲҪԹ
ʶֵȣʶֵҲҪ˻飬˻Цֻҵͷҿ˵ĲҪȥ
˵ԺݶȺ˵ǰһӡ
Ҳû˸ȥݶ̫һˣǲ֪ݶǹҲ϶ʲôΪ֪ԱֶΡ
ݶһ춼ܣںŻصУ۵졣
޸ǻˣݶһо˵ɯˡ
ȥ߱˵ȥϴɯ㡣
æ׷ȥС˵ȥã޸ˣ˷˺ô𡣡
ݶˣ˷ˣ
ĵͷµҲͷؼ˷𡣡
ˡ
ݶüͷ
˶ˣ޸ܵ˸öذ


149 
ңҪôˤӣˤһ⣿ҶվǰŭЦڴ
һֱ۴˱ԶѾˡ
ԼҶ۷Ӧ̫󣬳⣬˶ĬĬ˳Ϣңɯǿд˳ȥ
Ҷ۵ͷŵĿԣҶۼƢ˵˵
ֻû⡣
Ҷۼ֮ǰ˵ʧ󣬴ɯһҷˡ
ƽ˵ڵûҲûо飬ҺʲôҲˣϾĸףгɾġ
Ҷ۳ĬƬ̣һԱ߰һӣ£ץסһֻ֣ƽ
ҿǵĲܵҶۿĲҵ⣬ҸǸ
ȴ˵ʲô¡
Ҷۣⶼһ飬£
תͷĿԣ촽΢ţҶ۳ڴĿĻ
Ѿſֱˡ
Ҷۣ
׷ʲô˵ɣ
ɯɵˡ⣬˵ҵطţû
Ҷȫʱĳ棬ڵɯǸܶһɯСѪʲôĻŵ
ѾˡʱĻ棬Ƭ
˵ǹ˵һƶǿӵǻ˹ֻ࣬ûȥòдһʳѪ
Ȼάȴάò
Զһȴֲ١
ֽ٣ǿܿԴĵطֻһսȥĶһƵ졣
Ĵ嶼Ƥˡ
һ˶ĵĹ
Ѫǿþ˵ܹɯ
ģ֪ɯԼŮҲ֪ɯöԸ
һҪľɯ
ʱܵˡԼĸ첲
ʱӦܿ죬ҧԼֻӤȭͷô
СˡûҶǰܹصˣòҽΣҲͦˡ
סҶץ֣ѵİοⲻĴ
ҶȴɬҵĴ
֪ɯǡҶûаѻ˵ȫ֪˼ӦÿǵĸȫѪûо㲻ս
ڵɯֻ۸۸࣬ͬûʤ㡣
Ҳᱻ۸ôˡ
Ҷۿֱһ룬оůֲִڡ
ⲻһ˫ŵֻ֣˫֣֪Ǿ˶ĥѲųɾڵ
ʱ㶼ϰ࣬úˣշ㹤ˣһᲹһ깤ʣҪǻʲôֱӸҡҶС
û˵صס
֮ǰĳŵûЧ
Ҷһ㶣룬뵽ǰԼĳŵͷ˵ЧһֱЧ
仰ı̷ˣһĨ̫ԵЦ
ҶۣЦʲôôص˻Цó
ҡͷء
ȥ㵹ˮûԵĶҸáҶҪվȴֱקϡ
סֻûɿҿƺԶ׼ɡ
Ҷۿ˿һ̧֣ͷ˿
ĿҲҶ۵ĿŲơ
Ҷۿ⸱޲ģ̲ס˵ɿˡ
ôõ֡ҶϺë㲻𣿡
ֿ֮ԣôãѾյķˣֱǣ֡
ɿ֣ʲôҲû˵Ҳû͡
ֻ˫ڵ۾עҶۡ
Ҷ˲վǸԱæ˵ҳȥˡ
ǴϢӳȥġ
ֹϢҵţҶۺ󱳿ǽϣĨ˰ѶͷȻ亹
ոİľٶҲ¡
ʲô˼
ѵʲôʾ
ľٶǲ̫ˣ
ҶЩңԵһܿǷ˼
ȴֻ˺Ȼһ£ѶԷ˼ˣóȻȥʣʱκ޵ݵ˾ˡ
顣
ӦûûдŮͨ԰ɣ
ҶԼؿڣЩ죬ŵġ
ϰ壬ôˣ泯Ҷһҩһˮ޸ֹʹƬ
Ҷæ˵ȥɣһе£ȹȥһ˵
Ҷ˵겻ȳشͳȥ
󺰵ϰ壡
ֱҶԶˣ૵˵ڵҪȥĶ
Ҷǲܻشˡ
桰һҶ۵ӣѵѾˣ
ӦðƢֻҪһܵȡ

Ҷ뿪ϢҺԼȻ޴ȥеҪЩɢԼעصķ䶫룬ڳתȦһԱ
ЩԱǸũҵĺӣǳʱְѵ
¹Աǻûн볬УҪʱĴϴ軻·
Ｘ˶ʭӡ
ÿ춼ҪɱҶϵͳ˸õɱܶԸʭӺڵּͳѡ
Ҷ޺ɫζǺǡ
ˣ˿͵ʭû취˿ȥҶۻϣٹԱҪʭӺ顣
ҩ¹ԱֻҪݸ裬ɾ·ҲҪͷͶ빤
ֻϴʱܳŮҪֿѾ˲
ʮʱֻŮ
ΪûֵܣǱ䵱ͥǮ
Ȼݶʱ˵˿ŮжŮļֻͥк
ǵ뷨ʱҲܲпᣬŮԺҪȥзģڳйʱˣǮһҵأܲԼİɣ
к˳йֻʱҲܸ׽顣
ݶŮ˵ȻŮҲȴŮö٣ǾԲܺصŮȵġ
ҲûвƲûм̳ȨҪʱ򣬸ĸзҪһǮһء
ȻǾҪ뿪ˣΪɷġƲ
ͬǣĹŮм̳Ȩģ½˻ҲпܱԼԭϣǰ㹻ǿ
ûֵܣҲܳΪ̳ˣõλ
ȻֿԺСûпܣҲû
ͨũŮĶƺһģݶĬĬ롣
ŵڶŮԱ߳ȥճȥͿվڲԶҶۡ
ݶתͷŮ˵ɡϰ塣
ŮǽŵصͷҲ֪˵ʲôֻ˳ŲݶĿ⿴ȥҪҶ۵ĳס
Ҷ¹Աڵķ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ֻҪڳͺá


150 
ȻûץѪҲûɱҶҲͲٰѾϡ
ɯƺҲ˸еźҶҲûϸʣѪҲĸŮ԰ɣĸƺûŮԼĺӡ
Ҷ۷ɯʼչˡˣԼ֪Σ֮ǰ۵ɯѸٶԼ̬ȣŸҩ
ÿʱֱת뿪ɯѾһ¸߶ȡ
ֻżżʱҶ۾Ҳûôɯ˵ֻάһԸɯ򽻵ˮƽϣûеĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ۾֮ǰĹ۲ȫˡ
ɯĹϵһֱûù֮ǰɯ
ֻҶ۲̫һǾɯʵûκͻҲûǳܣ٣ǵĹϵǺܲ
ԲϰɣֻҪһ۾Է
ԴˣҶҲֻε̾벻κΰ취ȥ֮Ĺϵˡ
ֻҪС
Ҷʱǻȥһ¶Է˶ʱ
ѾԱ˯ˣϢ
ɯںͲݶ˯֮ǰķǰʱҶ۶ǺһŴ
ԴӷܶĳֳĸҶ۾Ϳʼ
ɶˣֲȫ㡣
ϾҲйأɯȥҵĹڹͱڵ׹ϵǿñȥִģȻҲԾܾܾ֮̽Ƹ
˵壬Ҷ۲İõΪԼΪ˸
Ǿͳ˹һĻһҶۻڹƣһҶ۾Ͷ˷䡣
ĹԱҶ۵ĲԾҲû˸ȥʣֹֻҡ
ҶҲѸྫʱ仨˾Ӫϡ
ʱһ۲û죬Ҷ۾Ϳʼüˡ
Ȼʱ֮ŷǳȷĵȼϵϴڲƾ١ģǸͲʮˣߣҲǿ׳
ʱԷһԣʱԼҪģÿ̶ʱͻ°࣬ԼʵԶٶǴؼҡ
ǶԲҲ͵óĶǾʹӱ˵ķ
ײľŮǱȰԼѾֳһķٷֳһ룬ˡ
һϡϴԵ࣬ܳԵһݷˣܰԼǷݴȥ
ǲŹ˲һܣϴߵǸ⣬˷ˡ
ɻʱҲЩήҲ񣬻㽡ɫơ
ԭҶǲܵģϾǱˣȻǲͬӳˣմ״ʣκ飬ֻҪݳϹϵ϶һؼë
Ϊϰ壬ֻҪҶ۾ֻ۱ֻۡ
ֲ׼ЩɳʽԱ
ÿһطƸʱİ취ʽԱʡġ
ֻʱڲĵȼѾӰ쵽ճ
ǷҶ۲ǣϴ󡱵İѾֹòϣڹҲˡ
һʱһʽʽ֡
æʱȴһʱĳ棬ԭǸʱȴڶֻһ˿ͣڹ˿ѡƷʱһߡ
ֱӴ˰ɡҶͷ۵̫Ѩҿɲ˷ʱǽ˼Ʒ½
ѾˣڽƷ½ûãΪʱ䲻ʱĽŤתٹ̵˼롣
ǲ԰ͬΪܣΪ٣ʱġϴ󡱴ûιԼǡǡ෴ʽŮԱǰҫԼ쵼
ݶͷᶼɧŹ˶ţڶԷûֱ֣Ҳ̫Ҷ۷Ӧ
ʱϴ󡱵ԹҲСҶôһ˵̷ԣһ˸һ壬Ӷͬ塣
һǸɻ̾˿
Ҷ۷֣豭һʱҹ֣͵С£ķǴ¡
˰ɡҶۿᣬŮҲȥǴк
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Ů͸һֻ֪ͷɻ۸Ҳ˵
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ǲҷҲҸ״ֻ˳ܡ
ǵһµĹʿܶԼ
ͷ߳Ϣҡ
ϢֻҶۺͲݶݶȥҶۻһˮٰߣ¸ҶһݲʱݶСʣˣ޸ôˣ
Ҷۺôˣûҡ
Ҷ̾һ㻹Сȥæɡ
ȻҶ۲Ըش𣬲ݶҲȥ΢΢ȻҲ˳Ϣҡ
쳬вӴ˿ͣζŹԱǾûлɣҪҪûлɶ׵Ĵɨ
ȻӴ˿ͣûм٣ˡ
ᱧϴõ·ëë̺ȥɹȻкɻڣ˶ϲɹζΪڳкʱ¼ܡ
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ǷǰӢȻʵǸѾûжϵˣѧʱǻΣѧɲѧ˶ѡѧѧҲûá
ЩΪȤѧһѧҲһЩĴʻ㡣
Ҳֻ˼ڿΣȫˣΪֹǵõľһӢ
ˣȥɨɡһëҪϹңŮȴûߣҲë
ῴһۣҲûֹĬ˶Էİæ
ŮϼһЩӲֺЦݣ̾˿˵ûԱɣ
ַԸ˵Ů̱ø߰Ҹ״ֻ˵˹ˣҳԵĺ٣ܸɺܶ
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ŮСش飬˵迾һЩɣ𣿡
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ȥֻܱˡ
Ůɴ۾ۿ̾ͺˣΪݹ岮ͱܶܲˡǶΪֻҪóıֵǾܽ֡
ֻΪĸҲҪݹ룬һֱûɿڡ
ǲᱣֵǻ䵥ʱ
ɼϰˣҲɣҪɺܶܻᱻԣܲ°ʱǿܾͻΧסû취ǵġ
ŮͷС˵ģҲᵹڳģһúøɻ
Щ
ǲܱŮģȲ˵˼άֻ˵ڿŮЩˣڳеʱҲԱԷ
Ȼأ
ŮϾҪؼҵģҲܴߡ
ῴóҶ۲ûƸʽԱĴ㡣
ֻŮԼⲻǼ׵£ǿ׳ҲرǵĶ֣ûȨԴ
ũҵҪôӵǿֵһͥ˶࣬ͥͿڱߡ
ҪôӵԴûе軧ɻ࣬ΪоԴǿ֣ԴͽǮõȻĵλ
Ůжûһϯ֮ء
˼ԼʵҲﲻǣΨһǵķֻҪôǻһҪôǵĻ
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ûп˿ʳÿ춼ܴͲˣʱҲһ˸СʱмӰѣʱ͹ʣѾ㲻ˡ
ῴŮ۾ǲӦΪǵĴ󸶳ۣ𣿡
ŮۿѾˣ͵ܺãҴСûôҡ
ƫͷٿŮ֪˵ʲô㲻ܱ֤Լ彡һǽԼְǲ̫ҲΪá
Ůͷͣʶ
ҲζǿԼ뿪
Ůʹӣвƽ˳ܡ
ֺﲻǡ
ȻˣͲܸٵϣ⵽ʱó뿪ЩŮľ
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пҵô죬Ǯʵ࣬Ҳġ
⻹ǸũͿ˵Ľʵޡ
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ҶĬһôֱ࣬ӰǼ˴ˣǳвҪ͵ԱȫϣЩ˾ޣ޵ҲǣŮ
ῴҶۣҶֻۣȥŮǴкǱ롣
ҶۣǷ³̫ãǵϲũ˵ǺҪġ
˼˾ܿճλӡҶЦЦӦعһ㡣
ᶨĿҶۡ
Ҷ̧ͷֵĿһۣôˣ
ʵ˵ϰ壬쳬˧
Ҷۣ
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151 
ôֻ㣿ĸվߣǣ۰׹࣬²鶼˾׺ݿ̱
ŮŲӣ˵ҲΪԼ⡣
Ļŵ뵹ڳ뱻ˡ
ڳйÿ컹ܳһһˣȻԲѾڼʱ̫ˡ
ԽŵӶôһ㡣
ֻһ㣬ɱĸ׿ˡ
ߵŮǰǳͷ̧
ŮΡΡûж˫Ȳסӡ
ˣõĻһٸҵŹ
ͻȻһƴͷϣûֵһŮ嶼ƫһߣˤʱ򣬸סվȡ
衭ŮųૣֻһΣץסͷǿ̧ͷ
žһŮȵڵϣ̱ͨ졣
˻ָŮķУ㣬òܴʹô㣡
ôҶԲˣְֳʲô
Ůڵϣҡ
ĿһۣҪǡ
ûаѻ˵꣬Ů֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ҪֻһŮͰˡ
ȥɻɲͱ
Ů˫ֳڵϣǻҵײײܳš
ҪȥɨᣬιҪȥ񣬹һص޷Ϣ
Ůʱˮ߿ԼǱѾˣʿڿˮܳһζ
ҪȥˮæˣҲѾˡ
ŵƿţС߽ڣĸѾ˯ˣûϴ
Ůֻܰóȥϴ
ã䵽ϼǰϹֻܿ۵ϰĨڸɻ
òϴڿȥ˯ˣŮŰԼıľ崲ڿŵĵط̺ôȻڴϣıסԼͷ˯˹ȥ

żӶ˹
Ůڼһʱ۾æѱãŵһԺһ·£ȥˮȻι
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ڷϣŮСĵظĸ˵Լڳб۸¡
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㲻ҪΪⲻʲô¡
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ũҲʶһ㣬ɤغ㲻ܸǼҵĶƾʲô
ŮһӵǴҡ
ũ߳ǾǴһٴѣܱȱһʳá
֪ĽŮۿˣͷ˵Ǵңǻʳߡ
ũݺһӣʲô֣ǶǺ۸ģ
ũҲ˵Ǽ٣Ǵӿô㻹ôܣ
Ů뵽˷°ʱ׷˵Ļ
̫СˣҪǿ
һζķײǼǿųҪ
ߵ˶㣬Ϊʲô㲻ܷǣ
Ů˫ճȭͷܽţŵݶڴͷ˵ǴҲܶ࣬ǡǻ˵ֻҪҸϳȥˣǴ˾ܵйˡ
仰ĸĸըˡ
⤣ũͼĶ
ũҲվȥˣ
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ŮվȥУҪڳ֣ǶҪˣ
ŮһۣĿжűģǼͬ˵ѵǲҪ̣ȥϰ࣡
ƽʱŮȳţηǷȳš
ŮŸĸԶȥıӰ֪ΪʲôûΪ˵ѴĲ߳ܣ෴ͣüеһԺͽ
һΣһΣû۸
Ůʰü̤ǰе··ߣֻһڳйͬе˶ûУ֮ǰܻüįĽŲȴɡ
ԼԼоʲô۸ĸĸΪͷ
ǶΪһ޳ȥΪ˼ҵŮˣɷգǲö̫ãֻҪû֮ǰܵѹե
Ҫ˵ʱҪһǮ߼ء
ǰҲôΪģͥģǲϷԼ
ֻҪѸĸĻɺþ˰ɣֻҪǷ֮ǰȥѻ˾˰ɣ
ֻҪϵģƴķףͻõϿɣõɣ
Ļò׸ԼƴĿס
ķ׸жκˣû˻жҪΪķ׶Ͽ
ͻȻ˿Ļ
ķ׺Ϊ¸ңΪųΪҷԿϵŰԼȡ˵ĺøС
ŮߵſڵʱĨ˰ᣬϹһȻųֺõЦݡ

ô磿ԱĲݶһ۾Ϳ˵ڳſڵŮ
ݶкøУ׼ȷ˵ݶ̤ʵɻ˶кøС
ڼҳԵʲôݶ򿪳дţתͷŮҪҪٳԵ㶫ҽûԡ
Ů˿ڿˮ֪Ǻöɫǰ˵ԣûмҡͷ
ݶݹģ뵽Լʮִ󷽵˵㣬ҹʻǲٵġ
Ůҡͷô룬ҲģҲԶ
ڼҳԱ˵ģ
ݶתļ򣺡ƭˣҿó
ݶЩ꣬ȻǸĸܰǼӣ˼ңﲻûóԲ𷹣ɶӵ̫Ůū
¼ֻһŮɲŮһɫ
ضεܡܡܡܣһŮþ
ݶ֪ǲҲζӣɿӣǲζӣҲûжŮõȥ
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Ůû˵ݶͳ΢¯ķߣһȥȰɡ
Ůæ˵òãľУ
ݶתͷŮŷԼ˵ˡҪģ
ݶЦŰǴݸԵ㡣
ŮŲݶЦۿͻȻʪˣ޴վԭأҵȥԼᣬԽԽ࣬ζֹס
ʱ˿̣ίСʱ˴ޡ
ʼգݶûͣ£ôĬĬй
ݶҲ֪ԼΪʲôԼǿ˵ıӻܻ
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ΪǶŮֻΪԼڲȱԴһݳ޵İġ
ٽ죬Ůӡ


152 
ھҵڵĿ񻶺ũѾԼܻĻеع塣
ԱҲʼ£ҶȻ˵ȴ⣬Ҳûбİ취
˶ӳһȥĴ
ҶԼͷӬһײ˼ǹ󣬻Ǿõ˽⵱ˡ
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ֻһһ˾͵á
ûʲôҲᵣԼˣԼûá
ʱûоǶԣζųвҪôԱ
ҪôԱζŽ˱ˡ
ǲôʱǴ򽻵Ҷ۶ǽǵ
ⲻĵڶ졣
Ҷ۱ڱĿ׼˯ͱͻˡ
߽ǰǽվűߵһۡ
֣ҲʣֻܰɻѹߵɳǰҶ۴ɳ
Ҷ˰ǾԼЩû
ʲô£˵Ҷߵӱߣҳ屭ȣҪҪ
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Ķˣ˽ģǺ֡
ϾҶ۵ĹԱζҪҶ˵һ
Ҷ̫ѨĳÿȺһڣЩɳƵ˵ùܣ˾͸ôˡ
ͷá
վһߣûס֮ģϰ壬޸һֱſվţǳˣ
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ҶûпܣҲû룬ϸʣЩ𣿡
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Ҷ۳ЦЦ̧ļ򣺡𲻵£ڲúϢ˵˾Ҫܿࡣ
˵ԺҶۻ˵Ǽʱˣҳȥһ𣿡
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ƺѾϰǰˡ
ϰ˵Ǹ⣬ָˡ
ǰˣǻȻϲˣ˧ϲ֣뵱쵼ߡ
ʱǸϲУڵˣⶼҪá
Ҷ۶ԣҪһѾΨһּˡ
ĸĸһʼͬУǮֻҪУǮǳ˵Ρ
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ĸĸ˵ΪӦѧŴ⣬ܵĻٿµг֣ͺʳƷҵȥһЩǮҵһֱû
ûҵʱ򣬾Ϊ£ﳳ˲ֹһΡ
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ԼǺõı仯ɡ
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ȻͷۣԲˡ
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˵ԽԽҶվſҲ˵ʲô
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һߴĽҲں𣺡Ϊʲôңƾ
˵ȭͷŻ£ݺݵسŰӻ˳ȥ
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̾˿ȥɣֵĶˡ
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֮ǰȺ˾Ա߿֣ƺֻ֪ⳡܾ˭ܴӮ
ϵڷַԺҲͣ˶վ
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ľתתסԱ
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ֻҪߡ˵Сֱʧ
Ҷû뵽ǵԻ·ô桪ȻҪԱȰͬ²ˣϰͲԱˣҾˡ
ǡҶ۷̲סЦ
ˣϰ壿
Ҷۣ㣬ǱǼǼھͿȥ⼸ĹʣԺǾͿˣԱҼǵĵһ˸ֹܶŹ
ҶۣҶ˵Ҳ⡣
Ҷۣȷǽ깤ٻȥ
Ҷ΢΢ͷܿߣ׵ţ
ƾʲôǣ̲סˣȥץסҶ۵ֻո֣ͱԱߵץס˼˳ˤ˵ϡ
ҪȴһŲļϣò泯ϵĿ
ӸµĿû˿仯ƽ˵û
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΢΢ʹĲҽеɿɿ
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תͷҶ۵ıӰ
ǿҶ۵ıӰ
ǡ


153 
ǰǳˮĽֵޣųȹķСʿĲСֱ̤ߵСˮأñӵСڽͷܶżײˣȻܵСԼġսƷ
ձһӡվԭء
û뿪µһμʶĴ
ֹգһСǶɵˡ
·ʱʱҲῴǣȻͬ鳰ЦһȺС
˷ܵתͷͬǺ
ͬҲճյŲԶ
ͣ·ߣ³ǴñˣһƲеСӣ³󳯳֣ܿ죬һֱֱִϣųȹŮͷɴһ
ԭġһȺС۽磬ʲô˷ܡ
ǵϵһ࣬ƺµҪ߹㡣
ǻǵԼʲôģҿѱİŵǰ⻹ǳĹԱģʱ԰˫米ǰŲױ͵
վ˫米Ǹöǰֻ֪бţλҲ£ҪǱ͵Ҳ֪ϺܺãʵͨĵƬ׻
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˷׷ͬЩҲͿԼҵļ򵽵ģҪǱ͵ˣһԺһζ
Žֱһֱߣ;ȻҲѯùݵλӣûһԸǡ
пݣͷĿȥ̲˵˳ǺУȥ
һȺСȭͷǰţ˵ʲôҲҪһ١
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ڵʱǲҵһƾɵСùݡ
ùⲻãҲãƵñûסķӶ
ҲΪƾɣϰûаȺСϳȥΪǸǮһЦѵû±ţҡ
ϰ岻ѣҲϳš
ǵȫңԼܶﲻܶ
һ˽˷䣬ֻһŴҲںѵϵĻҳɨһ¾ϯض˯Ҳֱɵȥ
ҲڵϣӰóһƿˮĿˡ
ǲ̯ܰն˵ҿˣЩ̯öǱ˶ҪҲȥ̯ûԺҲǼۡ
ͬǶͬյĻҲǵ˵˭
˷ܵЩү̫̫ҿǿ϶Ǯأ
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˵ֻ꣬ҡͷС̫̫Ǳˡ
˵ԺĹ۲ãҿֻЩꡣ
ﲻ̯רẉ̂ǻͷһμ˳ĵ̡
ȻñУЩСÿϾǴУֻ·һС̯Ǿ档
Щ𣿡ͬǻ࿴Ǹ⣬ЩũԼĶǮ˻߹ֱǳ˵Ρ
ֱĵϰ壬һ㶼ûʲô
յͷǾöټۺʣ
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öҿɲˣũһضöҡ
˳Ĭ˺һ˽ӻöһ᲻̫ˣһö
·ʵûʲôǮ᲻ţȫһ˫ȣҲ˻ɱ˹ǿ˹ǮֻҪȥļ۸ĸߣǾǴ׬
ոĹԱԷһٷõһЩָ㣬æ˵оǣǣҲȥֻҪǰѶȥЩ˺ܿͻ֪ǵĻǴĶģʱ˵Ǯˡ
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һöҲܻһöңǴСûңǵĸû
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һ״ӶֻҪʮöҡ
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ᶨصͷֻҪҵľͿ϶û⣡
ƽʱ£Ƕھչ˯Ҳ磬˴ޣֱ˲˯ȥ
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ֻҴꡣձŰСһ㡣
Ȼľ񿴵ǺҪôӣҪôŪǻǺСġ
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ܿ죬ǾߵһſڣƲŸոտţĶ
ڽֶ濴һϸĶΣӺ鱦ãóûǴӳĺá
Щ鱦ɵģûǵҫ
һģһСıŻĶȥ
ոԼжˣѵС
ǽոĻվֱ壬ɫƵĶŽİգֵطģ
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ЦһһȺʲôҪµĴũСͱóˣͶûҪ
᲻˵췢кˣƾʲôôˣ
յͺޣ
췢кѾȥյĻˣŭûģûģƾʲôǣ
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߰߰ɡղ鷳קŵߣһңвУ
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ˣôˣĨ˰۾˾Ͳܽǵĵꣿǵĵذϵó˭ǳˣ˭ˣ
̾˿ʲôֵģ˺һˣû˿ǡ
ޣǳ˾ûУǾûǣôĳУ
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ΪǲǳˣΪŵũŴ·
˰
Ϊʲôǳˣȴû¶
еˣ˵
γǣͷĹǣ˭ܴùģܡ


154 
ȥƻľŭ˫ۣŰ߹ȥ
ƶڳǱƽصİմʱ̲סһ
ѾĸˣȻǲСȴ࣬ٱϳȥĿϣ
æְ̧ڶţĿϿңŰ󣺡ٿһϰ忴ǴĶ
ǲͷߵǰǡ
ʲôö
ҪԼȥֵ̯طġ
վˣ̯ȥǮЩ̫̫СǸᵽ̯ȥֻݵĵطЩүˣǵҪֻߡ
𶯣޺Ȼߺһ
ǺͰһͣ¶ԴãĿվſڵĵޡ
ɫǺ죬߾ֱۣ˵ĿĶϡ
ǲٶǿŵĶһ˲仹ΪԼ˴
һУôĺö
߾һöʯ룬Ÿ߼иʽˮ꣬ʱʯҪ貶Ŀ
ϣǵĹâ룬ǹԴ
ǴĶ޸ߺǲҪھߣ
Ѿ˰նĻûϰǰܰѻó˼⣬ʱˡ
ѾϺüεĵǶɥʧˡ
ֻоһŻȼţҪ˶ɡ
Ǿþû˵ǵĵʲôССָϵĽָ·ϵŦۣ󵽻ͷΣǵñӣʲôãʲôǶó
ȵȣΪ׵Ļ룬˵ȸȥ棬ȥϰ塣
վǴĶֹЩҪǸʲô֮ǲ򵽵Ļˡ
˵⻰ʱҲûס
ڱ˵ĵϣûѣûбԼʱ
ʱҲûѡֻܶһˡ
ڸŻȥʱ򣬰ջǿ˺ܶ࣬Ķڳ⡣
֪յ˼ȻǴĶãû˸߿ǡ
ɣȥϰ塣ƴǵڵķֻΣ򵥣ɾ࣬һ֪ǽӴʱõġ
޸ոմһΣ侲֪£Űգ¡
Ҳûڷڣǽȥ֮󣬻ƾ˳ȥӡ
ˣ޲С԰˵ǲˣ
̾˿ˣǶԻǴ͵ÿǻ᲻ϰˡ
ÿǸϰԸԸ⡣
ϰ岻ҪǵĻµǶԷޱҪֲǮ
ڱ˵ĵϣôзա
ҲֻܶģԼãЩϰгԶ۹⡣
⣬Ҳûʲôˡ

֪˶ãȵҲʼĻңζס뿪ųȥʱڴ˽Ų
ǺͻƽȻͬĽŲأҲ
űһ̣յҲᵽɤۡ
óҿŵ˻û߽ſ˵ĺѶûС
Ҳǣӵù룬ߵϰǰ˫ְ˹ȥ
Ϊ̬ͣϰһĿ⣬ԼǾһ̬Ȳס
ֻǺܿ죬ϰĿͱöˣ˫ϣζβ
Ҳڴϰ壬ϰͲ󣬿Ӧøռ̳̲ã°ɫĺ磬ҲߣȰջҪͷ̬ȴܸԣͦһĴӣһԲеͰ׵ӡ
ʲôʯģϰûô͸ıʯ
õĺ챦ʯרңҵĹҲѱʯĥô͸˵ôСˡ
ϰҲʶ㣬ûиϾڵıʯǴĥԲԲ΢㾫Ʒö۾߼ۡ
æ˵ⲻǱʯˮ꣬ʯ
ϰҲˮʲôʯɶôһ˵Ҳֻܵͷ˵׼Ǯ
һöˮ룬յĵּööһöʮöͭң򴽣˿ĭ˵һöңöҡ
ϰ忴һۣԼҪߵļ۶УҾͲС
˵Ļ࣬Ǵж٣ǵķ˺Բ꣬һҪֺͳȥĳ򣬹ֺͳӶҪǮġ
ҪǲԸңҲߡϰڵ˵
֪Էװģû취ڳΨһһԸĴˣ˵ܶµĻһöҿֻҪһöңöҿ࣬Ҳ֪һööңҲˡ
ϰû˵޿޲ɣֻб𣿡
һֱö룬ȫԼð¡
½ӱóˮ
ˮǴĹƷûеܷ֡
СӺѩεܿѩʢ
ϰȻȤˮȻ󣬵ҲǸӣٸ˶Ĺ۸УˮͲͬˣǿ԰ģķ·գʱѩ
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ڵطѩ¸һҲСѩûؾͻˡ
ϰ忪˵ֱó˸ɫϷӴɵ
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ϰ壬㿴Щ̧ͷϰ塣
ʱϰȻʧؿŰóĶһΪԼ뷢ˣȻô׵Ļþⲻΰɣ
ֺϰ壿
ϰڰյĺлع򴽣ǻжĶ
̸ܼ۰ɣҿԶ
ϰ壺иԺǵĶֻҡ
С˵ԺҲǮ
Լ̣ϰǼˣǿ϶ҲҪǣȻԺϰǵԽԽߣõǮô࣬˵ͬ飬Լܲˡ
ϰЦЦ꣬Ҫ۸꣬
겻ȥǮǶǡ
ꡭ
룬ԼûǸ°ЩǮĹүͷǵģûǸ·ӣҾȥҲ̫ȫ
ϰ˵ģӳԲô
߼ۣͱųȥط
ϡΪһطĻҲͲֵǮˡ
ǰյͷãҪǩͬ𣿡
ϰۿ˰գ㾹Ȼ֪ͬ
ͬҲĶҲֻд֮ǩһ˵ǲ˽ǩģϾ˽תͷܣʱôң
ǩҲԡϰͷԺһΣ´ιȲôʱһ˵Ҫʲô١
ϰԥ˼룬İյļ򣺡ǺúøɣҲǡ
ճЦЦ
һֱĵڣϰʼûӰѽصͳ
뿪ҵʱ춼ѾˣĶҲ˵ϰҲЩǮǡ
ߺԵϰ壺ôˣ
ϰ巭˸ۣߣô֪ĶĻ
ǰѻңҼ˸ǣǾĶĶ
ϰЦҪΪ֪ΪʲôҪЩ⣿ǿЩǮҵġ
æƨϰöࡣ
ϰ۾ûлػ
ʲôĵطʲôĹЩɶ칤С
ָŸϴ˶û֪Щĺ䶯


155 
еҪˡݶ̱ϣһűܣһֻ̾߳Ե͡
ΧũѾôˣֻмżʱκͱĵζƷ
һһѾܲˡ
ɯڲݶߣζİǣʣв𣿡
Ӽֱɯζ벻ĺӣû˴иʳѡѾǶʲôζˣһΰƺѾϱӵˡ
ÿֻҪɹ̫ΪһѪɹ̫Ǽݳ޵¡
ݶһڱܳ꣬˵һ쵱ȻãžͲˡ
ɯ̫ףҲûзʡ
ݶԶɽˮƯǰסڴĿɽˮɽˮݣϲؿĸֽˮ࣬ȴߵķӡ
˵Ķǲϡġ
ˡɯȻ˵
ݶһ㶣˳ɯĿ⿴ȥʲôû
ݶɯ˵ѣվһ·һʣжԶҪ߶òŵ˶ǰûУ
ɯϰ˲ݶΣ̵˵ʮˣǰûУǼӦǮˡ
ݶ˷ãǮ˺ã
пɴˣʵûʲôɿӵģӣ˼ҲûǮ
οǰ˵⡣
ȥ޸ǡݶӵͰǰɯСĵŶ
ɯͷ۾Զȥ
Ȼ壬ͷһûС
ˡ
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ɲó˴򽻵˲ݶ⣬ֻϲҶ˵
Ҷʱ򶼾ɯеڣʱԼǱܸûвȫĴڡ
ȫжɯ˵ǲڵĶô
Ҷ˸еͷۡ
ϣɯãôȻʲô¡
ʮˣҶ˵ʱǰһ
˵ԱˣԼгëˣ⣬ҶȲվ
ҲˣҲ֪ǲȥһС硣
ŮһҲĻأϲЩ¥úͿԶ
ݶѾ˳ȥˡΪɫĿݶ⺢ڸǰɲһ
Ҷ۵ͷݶǺܺá
ڴӶԱڶˡ
ܴ£ǹ浶
ߵ죬ҶѾλԾˣз֣һȺֵܸԱ
żһ룬Ҷ۶Լõס
ٱ֪ڷǰá
Ҷ߳Ϣң߳ȥʱÿ뿪С
վԭûߡ
͹ˡ
Ȼе㲻֪ôεģҲܷġ

쵽ˡ·űתͷϵĻƣеļļҪﻹֺõ˵Ҹǹʱ򶼱һôĵֻ꣬ϰܸ⡣
·˱һȺгǣҵǽĵط
νСֺͣ͹ľûܷӰȺгϲƼܲ
Լõٳ͡
ϰ̽ԴųǰҲ˲ԶĳС
Ȼһ뱻ǽڵҲһۿж
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ĵꡭϰüΪʲôῪ
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ΪʲôҪֵط
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˸ȺУ֪ԭиӣǰҲû˵˵ӡƬֻǵļӣ⼸ӵһ𣬼Ǯ𼸹Ρ
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߹ȥɡϰ˵ϸ㡣
Ҫҵжˣж˿ܰǡ
õֱޱҵϰץס֪ĻԴĶġ
ԷǸӲͷҲſҲνҵô󣬻Ҳ㹻ˡ
ҪޱǾֻʵʵ̸۸ˡ
ϰԼĲӣܵĻޱ
ܻԼߵļֵǮûЩֵǮ
ΧĻϰҲվڳſڵļˡ
Ϊ׵Ǹڷˣһϰû·ʽôܿɣɲԵӷף˾·µһܺá
š·Ҳ԰Ѳ÷Ҳߡ
ȻվſڵĶˣϰ岢Щܸ˱ȡ
Ļƶͨˣմġ
ҲûȫģϾôĵ꣬Ҳֻм
ȱҶ߽ʱϰϴЦȴ䣬Ƚȥ
Ƕ¶Ƕı顣
ݶվ̽ͷųˣͻȻ˵޸磬ôǹֵֹġ
е񡭡ˮġ
վԱߵ˲ݶ˼ɺտʼʱϪСӻûȫɡ
ľͻʯͷѺӵضϣˮͣԼ塣
˾ֻܴȥˮͷѪС£
ҺȻֵܣ
ƽǹֲǰ衣
ȻӦæŶ
Է˶࣬ˣûǹҲء
ԷҲõġ
ݶСʣô֪ǵģ
ԱҲСش𣺡֮ǰȥЩ˻ˣǴġ
ݶɴ۾¶һࣺң
ң԰ݶ㶼˵ˡ
ݶǫһһ㣬һǲС
ǹİȫ£Աַˡ
ǿȺ߽Ϊ׵һ֪ϰ塪һӣǹ¡
ǺáϰЦǺǵȡñӸǴк
΢΢ͷҲӦһ䡣
ϰ忴ᣬζźƭ
ҽ˹̹ϰЦеؿҵϰ壿
ǡ
ϰɫûб䣬ʮֿ׵ӣҪϰ壬̸һ
˹̹󣺡ֻһ˽ȥ
˹̹ЦǶҵĻƣҪÿǡ
˹̸ֻ̹һ˽ȥ
˹̹ɫ㲻Ǹƣϰ
һûмϰġ
ǰһ˹̹߼һͷʱ˿̸˹̹촽΢ţǸƽģˡ
˹̹ͷ
Էû߽ʱã߽ˣ޷ԵѹȸС
ʶ˿ĭ
ˣֻǸƣ


156 
ιιιڸʲô˹̹Ļǰ첲ѵ˹̹ǰߣֻǻû߽ͱסˡ
Ͼ춼ҪѵĳйԱȻ٣ǵţҲȥ
𳳣˹̹һĻǺȥ
һ㶡
ʲô˼ϰתˣޱˣ
˹̹һԼ죬¶Ц˵ãһ˽ȥ
û˵ʲôǲÿһ˹̹ǰеʯ·
ǻԭأǶЩȫģôЩƣ֡
˭ҵĻһǴͷ
ݶѾַǹϡ
ͦ󡣡˹̹ȥƳı飬ڷǲ
ûش˹̹һҲȥֻջĿ⣬ĽŲǰߡ
̤ϳ¥ݵʱ˹̹һ򻬵ȥ
ץסġ󡱣˵󣬲˵ڡ
˹̹
ܲԷ
⻹һαұֵôԡ
ʹǣҲʲô˵ø˼Ц
ʲôذ壿˹̹ŵ棬ô
˵˵ţſȥ
ſȥĶֻ󡣬ſȥȥãõĵһʱ󣬲죬һŽմŵ⡢Ǵ

ǾȻô̵أ
˹̹ԽԽԽԽ⣬иķɡ
ԸӵŵĲǴשǽӡ
˹̹㡢֪֪ʲôǴҪӶ˹ֻйõĴ͡ңҲǻ߼۲һײ;ߣ
˹̹۵Ķˡ
ôǮǾȻ̵أ𣿣
ţǴשذ塣
˹̹ɵɵ̧ͷظĻɡשذ壿
ôש
𣿴Ѿÿשĵزˣ
ûбģҲûֵĸ⵭Ȼԣ㻹Ҫã
˹̹ĸŵذ壬ٴվԼڽϣӶûô
ߵʱ˹̹ĽŲɣ޲ܳɹȥô󣬲ô죿
ǿǮȻǮ
㣬㡣ֹԼŲᣬҲѽŲᡣ
ǲڵذϣǲϡ
òװĥĥ˹̹Ϣſڣ˹̹˻ԣֱˣҴڴΨԼһȥͰѱӴˡ
ϰ档Ϣҵš
˹̹ջĿ⣬һֵûС
Ȼո߽Ϣңͱ輸ȫĿ⡣
ͣ˺ü˹̹ſ輸档
ɫɳɳһˣԷʹһĺڷ̷
˹̹û뵽ôӢ˾Ȼϰ塣
Ͼ˶ǲҪԼǮĹӵܡ
˶һȻ󣬵Ҳÿʲôϵ
֪ϰһΪԷǹĹ塣
ԽۡҶվ˹̹Ц
˹̹ͣ˵ҽ˹̹
Ҷ۵ǰĵɳϡ
˹̹оԼƨһеԵȴȥ
˹̹ոȣ˽ŲŤͷ򷿼ſڣᵽɤۡ
ûп֣ǿһѾЩ͵Ůˡ
˹̹ЩԾϾ͵Ůˣǹˣǲ̧ͷͦصġѹǵļ򣬵ǰŮˣƤϸ壬ף·ʱȴͦñֱ·ҲǴ
ȻͳԾĿŮ˰һɱŵǰ
֪㰮ʲôǲ衣ҶЦӦọ̀ɤӡ
˹̹Ȼ̧ͷ裿
Ҷ۵ͷ
˹̹ɴ˫ۣʲôޱѾԺ󣺡ﻹҶͲҶ
ˮģɴĶ̫ˡ
Ҷɴ棡һѲҶһöҵļ۸
ҶǲҶҶǽӡ
ҲǴǱȽӻֵǮĶ
˹̹ǵͨ죬ϢҲôأðɣжÿ͵ĲҶô̾͵ĵذ壬ѾʲôˣֻһѰѵĽҡ
Ҷû뵽ﾹȻѾвҶʹˡ
ô˵ӦûкƵĵط
ԼһѰˡͰʲôģеס
ĻӦһ֣㾫֮ģ
Ҷ۵˼άûзɢ̫ã豭һڣʵ۸ɲ͡
˹̹ѾǮͷԣĴɣֱӺ۸ͣҲͲˣ
ô⣬˹̹֪ͲҶжֵǮ
Щڶ̴ֻҪƽۿڣȳۣͻᱻϵõĴǹϷꡣ
߻еλȥиۿڵĳУʲô
Ǯ򲻵
Щ˻ֱӰѴͲҶ塣
ϲôԼݣǲ;߻ǻƿֻҪܻɴģȫ
͵ʱܸһݺõĲ裬Ǿ߶˵ˡ
ΪڹУеҲ򣬲Ϊ˵ֻΪܹǵ
ЩҲԭģ̴٣һ·Ͼͻʧ١
ҶҲ͵Ĺз⻹ƽ¡
̴꣬ڴҲ֮뺣С
ʮһظ۾Ѿջķˡ
󹻴ҲôബˮԸȥ
ж٣ҶҪ˹̹һ˲輸ϡ
棬ֿԼ֣СسҶЦͦʵ
ҶҲЦȫҪǮӦò
˹̹̽Եʣ䣬װ
Ҷҡͷ
˹̹Ц˵װ䣬װҲ
Ҷۣװ䣬װһӡ
˹̹Ȼ죬ꡱһ°Ѿˡ
˼Լ°ͣԼĿˮֻ۾۲Ҷ۵ı顣
Էû˵ѣȻû˵ѣ
ˣʲôˣ
ͲҶЩûӵжٶƾʲô˵ԼпԶӵ
ô࣬ǡǡ
Ҷ˹̹ʱſڵæ°Ѿˡ
ҶۿɲӣԼһ֣ԷҪԼ°˵ټ
߽ȥһ鲼Ų˹̹Ӻý°ͣ˳Ѳ˹̹Լˮ
˹̹Ҷ۵Ѿˡ
϶Է䳤ʣٽϡơ֮ǰ̬ȣ˹̹Ѿˡ
С˵ӵ££ʲô˵ȥġ
û˻֪ӵôҶʹ
Ҷۣ
ɶɶӣ
˹̹ڵ⡣
ܽӴ̶ӣôֻҵ
ټ϶Է˵ĳ࣬ô̬ȣĿܾǶԷвǿĵӵ¡
ڷɫ
϶ʲôȾģ
Ȼô˶Ǻڷ
˹̹Լˣûбˡ


157 
ҶʹݳƷ۲ƣҶ̸ۣ˹̹ͱһҶ۶Щզļ۸񣬵Ҷû̵ͷӦ
ԷȻһڱ֤Էּۻ۵ء
˵߼ۡгǵͼۡ
Ҷ۶˹̹ЦһῼǵģǸ·ӦҲˣȥϢɡ
˹̹뾡Ѽ۸̸Żȥܻ뵽ԼôҶȥᱻΪϱ
˹̹Ҳվ˳¿˵ǣҴҲҪϢ
Ļһſڵþʱ˸ɡ
˹̹뿪ʱתͷҶۣЩڱصãнǮλġӵ¡
˳ȥ
ŹԺҶɳ
ҶԼϵļ壬ãͦι̡
ڸոնݵ֮ܿ˹̹Ϊʲôϳʲôӡ
Ŀǣ˹̹֪УֻӲõô
ԼĴӣֱӽжóף
Ǿ֤ԷǮ
Ҷ۵۾
ܰһ뿪Ǯ
ҶǾͲԾĴЦ⡣
߳е˹̹ҲЦţƵϵļⶼڳ
ԼȺġơʱѹϵЦ
Ҫ֪ôҶͲдˣϾƾ㹻Էֻһ⻹ǳþõ⣬˹̹
ο϶˶ԷӣǾ͸ܳԷˡ
˲͹嶷˹̹̰ǲ
ȥ¡˹̹кĻǣúϢһԵ㶫
Ҳˣôõ·ոջһֱĵȥϢǶ˿
Ȼƴ׼ܲƴȻá
Ǯǻˡ
ִȥ׼õķӣ֮ǰмڳиάĲķӱ죬ÿס£ȫ϶΢Цǡã˾ĮҲ˾ù顣
ǰ߸Ͽͣ߻˾òûˡ
˹̹õıӰ˼°͡
ȻŸϴ⣬ûе̻Ůơ
Ůټ·̯߰˻С⡣
ǮĹֲǡ
к˵£ƽʱҲĻȥ
˹̹ΪΪԼ̸Ǵӵ£ҲҸӴԼŮӦҲӵµĸ
ʹ˵㡣
ʹҲ֤о飿
˹̹˴һѣֱߵС¥ſڲŻ
ôľդǽȥⶰС¥רóӴͻģľդһССĻ԰߹ʯ·̨ײŵĴš
ʯ·ֲ޽õĲƺ·ǵزļֻ
ԺһŴϵǧ
ⶰС¥Ҷǵģסһļ۸Ҳˡ
Ц˵ⶰ¥סһҪʮöңǾùԱҲб˵ķӡ
˹̹뻨ǮȫĻƣ뵽ԼҪҶı˱䣬ҧ˵ⶰ
ô߽ڡ
ʮöסһķڲҲܣɨķǳɾ˹̹ͶûļҾߣһ¥ĿڷźϢͬĲ輸ͲɳһյˮƣҲȫ˲ġ
Ӵ͸ľذͶ߲ĹӰǻεˮ
ﻹй޵Ļ㡣
̷߽ͣɡ
˹̹ǵľҲܸɾȴ˷ɣʮѹ֡
Щİһһ۵ķڹ̶ĵطһһйأ·Ҫ΢΢ڽţŲᳳˡ
Ҳߵ¥ݣǱӳ¥
˹̹ɾӣѹֵģ컨ʱ
ȴȫͬҲкܶ裬ȹǵİ軹Ҫ󣬿ȴһҲѹ֡
һ¥䣬¥ĸи¥¥Ҳסˡã̺˵ġ
룺ҪϴĻһ¥Ͷ¥ԡңҽôˮˣҪôͰ
˹̹ΪʲôϴҪˮǻƵˮԡͰ
ԵԼУѹԼʡ
Ƕĳ棬û˵ʲô
û˽ӽһСʱŸǽĶôá
˹̹֣ȷѧԺòЦǺǵ˵˰Ѳ͵͹ǰշѣʮˣһһһöҡ
˹̹˱ӵ׼ѡôȥ˵סˡ
ڱ˵ĵϣԼûõ̬õͻǵõͣ˹̹ɤӣ鷳ˡ
ã鷳ʲôǰǸťͺãܿͻ˹
þ뿪ⶰ¥ֻ˹̹ԼһȺվڿ۵Сۡ
ϰ壬סˣ˷ֹܵסĴ
ǰҲ˹̹ȥط˹̹ⶼܿپͿ٣ùҲֻҪһ䣬ֻȥס˵СݣЩùרṩ˺ͻƵķ䡣
˵ˣǸͨȶªĲܿ
ûдҲûбӣ˾ֱڵ˯˵ϴԷˡ
ǳԷԵĶǸǺǶǳԿģϰˡ
ڣ˹̹ȻԸǮסôõķӣҲǮǳԷ
һ߼һСش˹̹ɫΨ˹̹ڣָȥססķ䡣
˹̹˸ۣססɣʲô
ﶼľذ壬שذ壡û˵
ͰԼˮ
ԡҲǣϧԡס
ҿͦģܲһݰ
вУ
ϰ壡Ɑɾлƴӷֵܳ۾ﱧűӣıӣڻֱû
Żȥô࣡
ⱻãҪøɾģ
ȥԡҿ
˵ǸͰôԼˮأǰôû
ܺʹһǶģ
ԶԶԣ˵Ǯý·
˹̹һ飺ԣý·
ǰţöҲˣҲأôܱǻƽ
שˣϾשɱȻƽֵǮĵضǴש̵ģǸƽ̵ʲô𣿣
ϰ嶼ʼˣ˵ԽԽ࣬޲ܱ
лߣ
Ǵƿ
⻨Ȼģʲôģ
ϰ壬һʮңߵʱܲܰЩҲߣ
ԶԶԣȥ϶Ҳ١
˹̹ѹĶװںɳϣ˫΢Щɬָ˵ȫֽŷŸɾ㣬ԺҪ
ˣϰҪ⡣
ͱǣȻҲϰռˣ̫֣ϾһٱͶٶٱҶ
˹̹ԼŴ˵̸ʱ䶼ʵ㣬¡
ֻҶʹˣûȥġ
ܵǾֺðɡ

ҶۻʱŸ˹̹һ£һͨҶʮöңʲҶһöǰСۣرµǵۼ̸ۣ漰ĽʱѾˡ
ôǮ˹̹һʱҲͲԼ˹̹µĻҶڹ涨ʱڲˣ;ҶǼۣ˹̹ûʱҲðڶµļ۸ߡ
һθ˹̹ḶһǮ𣬵ֻܴ֮һĻ
ֱβ
ҶռˣҶҲ˹̹ԸôòԲΪǸˡ
ϷųߵĵҲҲһԸṩôҶʹĵطȫг
˹̹ԳȫûȤ
ҶҲʹԭ˹̹شĵǺˬ죺ЩȻټҲ棬һǱˣ۸һήȥܷҲܷ֡
ֻմɺͲҶô꣬ô̴ԴԴϵ͹۸ȴһֱûнһֱǡ˹̹ҵӲֻǮ
һأһԼׯ԰ʱٶһЩӣ㹻һӣܸԼĺһʲƲ
˹̹˵⻰ʱҶС·ϣҵӲ󣬿ɲڵһ̫ನۡ
ҶЦӲ˹̹ĵҿǺܴģʱ򣬲ޱôˣſɲͨơ
˹̹Ҳ粵ⲻû𣿡
Ҷۣǰ㵱ʱҪǶ֣ڸ˵ģƾͲˡ
˹̹ɫһ䣬ӶԷһɵƶ
˹̹΢΢䣬̽Ե˵Ա࣬˺Ůˡ
ҶۿһۣĿഥ˹̹ʶŲĿ⣬ûֱҶ۵۾ǿҶ۵졣
Ҳں㿪Ц˹̹ҶջĿ⣬赭д˵ôĶô֪û˺Ů˱ȳ˸ǿ
Ҷ˹̹ļ򣬲˹̹˵̧ǰߡ
˹̹վԭأֻҶǰ˵ϣ´ʱ򣬴Ļơ
ȻҾ͵ҪԼ
˹̹Ҷ۵ıӰ
ֱӦúԡ
֧ԷԵĴۡ


158 
˹̹뿪ǰҹǶ䣬Ǳ˴˼䲻ô˵˵Ҳ޾ɡ
˹̹ûйǡҲߣǮģֵġ
ԻǶֱá
ס죬Ǿ죬Ժ߳ⶰӡ
ÿ糿ʳѩй߻ͿĨ
Ƭ˺ͻȣһţ̣˯ѡ
һһһöңûһ˾ÿȻԼǮÿĲɫͬ㹻ζǺ͹һù͵˹̹Ҳܱ˵ȹĳʦò
˹̹ҲĳʦߣȻͲ󣬵治٣ԹʳҲ࣬Щڱ컨׹ʳҲ
ǵʳܷζ
˹̹ûһζ
򣬳ʦûôңʦǴഫʦͽܣ߸ĸŮǲѧϰ˵գҲûǸ;ȥѧһʦĲɫ࣬˵ԣһ¾͹ˡ
ֲһѳʦ
ӵнʿɱȻƸ߶ˣһ˹̹ʹ
Ȼĳ϶Ǵߵģ˹̹ǺƤܵҶǰܲһݲףؿڱ֤ҿ϶ֻԼԡ
ҶЦЦ棬һ˲Ǯ⻰˵Сš
Ҷ˵׿Ը㣬ûǮֻҪ㸶ĳǮõԺȥʲôС
ԭռ˵˹ֻ̹ͷһǮ
ˣ򵽵ġסҲֻнͺ͵
ѾͿտڴ˹̹ʵڼǮĲס
˹̹ʱֻˣ뿪ʱȴһӣʱ˶뿪ʱǶУҪϷ˻
ҶۻģͲѻϣϾ˵Ҷһܳ˹̹͵ÿѪ޹飬˹̹мһͿ޲ܼԼ顣
ҶֻЦ
˵˵ЩԱǿ
£˹̹Ͱͷӳ̽Ҷۺ
Ҷ΢Цͷãҵ´
վҶԶСֹ£
Ҷ۲ˣϾݡֲԼģȻصͷ˵ӦӣȻôҶʹ
ԶסһǿԲ
ҶۣѲԼϤ˺ƣҲһ־İ취
˹̹ˣеⲢû
֮ǰ壬ȻҲа˺;飬ɽһҲףһĶ࣬ҶۻΪʱԼٿˡ
ԱǸôõĽҲ΢˽˵硣
ͳƬ½嶼壬Ը־ӣΪ
û࣬չҲ죬жС
ס£彻Ҳ٣֮䲻ͨ飬Զͨ
֮ǰɽϵİ˺;ܵõϢҲΪɽܣ˼ѵԵʣҶ۵ˣɽϵİ˾Ҳ֪ɽС
֪Ҳѡɽ
Ҷ۶幹ûʲôȤʼʱΪħ߾鳤ųܷɡ
Ժ֣ħȷʵУħûʲô𣬶һħеһħͱӵͨһǣǵְÿδļСݡȻػȴһμٳ
ھ飬ûгг
ڸɭֻİƴСǵĹͷпյģҲһһֱеĻҪʺǳ۾
ǲӵģŮȹӡ
ҶȻûֻô;Լһ붼ˡ
Ե֪еؾͰ˹ʱҲʼô˷ܣûԼԳȥһ

㣡ĵؾ׷ǰĵܵܣɫƤ¼ΧĲݵΪһ壬ѵɽһˣĵؾǶ޲ܲ˫ȥ
ЦҪʡ
ؾ׷ǰĵܵܣ˹ȥֵһ˸һ·ֿʼ׷
ؾڶ󣬸ճĵؾͬǱ˴֮䲻ô˵ϱżһı¨ﻹľʯԤҰ޴ڳ
Щеؾ磬תͷ۱ϵı¨һЩõƤӺѬ⣬ֵǮĶˡ
ǰҲ߽⣬ЩҲǵؾܻͬǸоģЩͬУǲȱƤëġ
ȫǿͬķϡ
һƤëֻܻͬʮҡ
һ˳ԡ
οҲֹҪΣҪƥ·Ҫ򹤾ԼԵ
ǵùҲӰ˵֪ɽиܵͼκͲǵʱ򣬾ʹһĳؾ
ؾҲ뿪ɽ˴֣ǵҲûô
һҪܻһξͺˡӵؾϧĵԼϵƤӺ⡣
峤ǻʴһ벼£ûд򲹶ϵؾ
ϵؾŹȣͷ˵ҪСӶû·ܴƤȹá
򵽲˭Ը⴩Ƥȹôᣬ촩Ҳȡ
Ƥȹ촩ȸҪӻӣֲҰޣҲҪڳ󡱵ġ
СƤۣҲƤš
˵ܻǡа˿ĭ
ɽҰǶᣬһȥܰ
Ҳѵãֲ䣬һηѾͰǸѻˣ´ξͲС
ǺãǣؾǶ˾񣬡ϴγԵ۶Ǻþǰˡ
Ҿֻһ㡣
Ҫ
Щ˵ǸĻƶеؾ˸߲ҵ˵ˣҲǳȥЦ
˵ˣǵͬˣǴ򽻵ʱҲǱǿ׳죬ЩɽġҰˡ
Ҫ򣡡ϵؾҪǼǮʣ𣬻ҪĶ
ܲһЩӣܴ򵽵̫ˡ
סɽԴΪؾԲʳάҲô㣬ԾҲ壬첻õĹߡ
ǵܼѣﲻʱȫӣ˻ҪԼ뿪䣬Ҹط𣬸˺ͺ¿
ϵؾһжٿԹˣá
ֵذɣʳֵǮ˲öӣĺӲرҲԼ뿪۾ӵء
ʮ죬ɽϿ·ӡ
ô󣡺ö෿ӣؾĿ࣬ķӣмǸǳǱɣҵһοǱ
ʱؾֻ˷ܣڿֿʼ
ϾйӺͳеһǶǴӰ֪ģо᲻ǣ᲻뿪Ҳ֪
ô·ǰһˡ
ոջֵؾʵˣٴ֣ʵʵؾм䣬ųһɽ
߳ɽֵʱ򣬵ؾǶˣϵؾ߼ؾ˵ȥȥʣ
ؾǰҲ͵ؾ˴ȻҲ£˻Ǻ˲٣ͷǾͱŸԵı˳š

óԣСؾڳſڳԻˮ±ģζһŨ裬һ硣
þ֮ܿͻָ˹þȵסһӵһԼķ䣬ƽʱæʱҲȥæвæʱǾȥͷե͡
ե;ȥлƷȥũǻʳ
ֻΪеͼǮͣǻʳҲ٣Ҳ㹻
СؾСҲ˾ȥũǻӣϢһ졣
Ϣӡ
ϢʱСؾľڳſڣ˹ͻȥӭˡ
Ȼû鲻֣СؾҲǼʶůˣǵúá
ԸΪ£ҲΪĹԱҲԸṩһЩʳϡ
СؾľˮŨ衣
СؾΪûй˿ͣǣһ̧ͷͿ˲Զ˳
СؾѸٴվ۾ǰȥ
ãܿ쿴Ҳǵؾ
ûܹȥûз¾裬ûΪͬͷ½ģЩؾūвҲǵؾͬһǺˡ
ֱ߽ˣСؾųǰһС·
Զ˿ɲУԶ˶ԷҪǺƺûܼʱ
ԷҲſڵССؾһ֪û꣬ûǵĺӴ
ϾɽĵؾǷֶԷǵؾﾯ˾˺ܶࡣ
㡢㡭Ϊ׵ĵؾߵСؾǰ˰ûȻ
СؾЦʣİɣ棬ǽȥ
κͶ󡣡Сؾ˵вʵ±ȵ򲼱ˣǿĳ£ȥԼһģҪǸӴһĿԲСġ
ؾӰ·ôϡ
ؾ࿴ͷСʣǶܽȥ
Сؾͷܽȥ˶ֻ࣬ü˽ȽϺãȻҲҲ򣬲ùܡ
Ķıˣ˵СҲ࣬˽ȥʲô򣬾ñ˵ĶͿˣĲҪǮĵط٣˵ĶҶҪɻҪҪǮĵط
ҪǮոæҲҪǮҪάϵһͥþϸ㡣
ڳﳳҲûУеӴ˸Һ͸ĸŸɡ
ؾǻ࿴ǻȥһ¡
СؾЦ˵ã
ؾֱű¨ˣ˻֮ͰѸոյļ˵ˣڳſڵҲǵؾӦòƭǡ
ԸõؾƣôС϶Ǹϳȥ
˵˵Ķֻ࣬ü˽ȥȻ˿ʲô򡣡
ϵؾ˵˵ͷϣ廹ǽʵģùʯͷ˵ǾţѡһȥҲ𼱣ûȻˣʣµԼȥ
ؾ˷뻻ͷϻؿ˴ˣر죡ÿ
뻻Сʯûĺá
ضõĳͷҪѳͷ
֪ӣǰ˴δ˵ûӡ
ûӾֲ˵أ
˵ֵҪ÷ϣѧֵأǿʲôû
϶ûѧԡ
˵ƭˡ
ϵؾҲû̫˵ʲô˾˳Уûаɽϣֻÿ˱һϵؾѡе˶صˣڹؼʱϵؾŸɡ
һСȺ̫࣬Ⱥ˥䡣
ԵؾŮԳΪľۼģһȺŮԳմ״ʣ˵裬ĸĸ
ȥˣһ߾ͻȺŮԳ
СؾĴ£һ̤ʯ·̨ףڹԱһЦ˳дš
ӴǵǷᣬһֱЦʲôʶٱ飬ᶼ䷳ϸϸشֱԷˡ
ԭнĵؾҲˡ
ϵؾͺΣְСؾĽȥ˳£𲼣ȷʵˣȻ粼ƥãҲʵãһĿԸؾСؾǲ
㿴ЩֵֵǮϵؾϾҲֻ˴ͬ塣
ʶΪֻ̣ͬҪͬﻻıһˣ໻һξͺá
̽ͷĶ
֮ǰ˲ҲЩģģ˵ִƤһֵöңСöɲֵ̫ǮôҲֵöͭҡ
Ѭôöͭҡ
һɽڶʮöҡ
ϵؾûסŴ쿴ŷᣬϵؾԺץס°ڣСʣģֵôࣿ
һ޲һöң
ͷҲЦˣһ˵ģģۣûҪƭǡ
ϵؾ֮ǰ˵ЩֵǮ
Ϊͨˣڰ֣ѹǵļۣôͼۻǵĶ
ϵؾɵˡ
ͬ塭Ҳôƭǣ
ῴϵؾС˵ҪҪ˵
ϵؾҡͷ˵ˣ⼸ЩǾͻκǣ·ҲҪ򡣡
ϵؾڶݵ𾪺Թ޹¸
ܱԤƵĻණ£
ϵؾߵĵؾ˵ǰѶɡ
ؾһ첽˳ȥ
ϵؾһȰʷ᣺ӣͷأӺûУ
᣺У
ϵؾŷתһȦĿûڻЩʵСϣΪҳϵؾǻģҵôˣ˵ʲôʱ͹ˡ
ҪһЩʵõĶԺţǵҲܺùܶࡣ
ԭҲΪЩؾûʲôؾǰһɽͽᶼЩɵˡ
ϵؾᾪȵӣûס̾ǰôණֻܻʮΡ
ɴ۾ܰɣ
ϾЩϵͳ㣬ƽ۸ȥˣҲٶˡ
ϵؾҡҡͷûټ˵ȥ
ǰΪͬ壬ؾǣӣҲӵ̫ס
ɽһ˲֪ԷֹǿӵףֱǺ޲ðãʲôҲǡ
ˡ
ϵؾ
һֱɽˣɽϣһǶᱻ˿
ҪԶ˼ʶ


159 
ؾԭûסǲĵ̹ҹյϵǰֻ˯ҹΪסҲû˾ж಻
ϾӶ˵ףûжӺճϼӶľݣݶᵱеҶ֯ǼõҶ©꣬ȴܵ硣
Ϊ˲ľݱЩľݶ˶󣬱ͨҪСһ㡣
ҶۿˣСؾ˵һõؾȰᵽõķȥ
ҶҲûЩؾϿǮסķӲǾװιģͨıطӣûûû©磬ؾֶİСӾ͹סúˡ
Ҷ۶ļһöһ죬ؾҲû˵ʲôǰΪʵûʲôǮĵطҲ٣ټѾ˱ƷöҸĺˬ졣
ڳԷԼġ
ûʳȻżڵֲҲǳУֲ˵ֻżθڵСʳʳ⡣
ΪԹˣҲù塣
ؾôס죬뿪ǰһҶ۲żϵؾ
С⣬Ҷ۲ȥ̸ҲҪԱǶĻᣬҲ࣬Ŀ٣õ˹̹һ
ϵؾ쵽ϢңǵһνУֹסšӴ壬ûнӴλߵ壬ĵؾˣҲֻǸСˡ
Ҷӵһеġˡһ
Ҫţϰܺ˵·һֱϵؾ
Ҳû˵ٻҶֻǶǮ˲ô˵
ϵؾЦЦȻܿͷȥ˿ʲô
̾˿ڣ⼸ؾ򽻵ؾãɽ￿ԺͲɼΪȱҩӤزʺܸߣûʮ궼ΪϵһС˿ڻһ
ҲûõĶȥҲзյģûǹȫⲫ
ؾϴҰ޸ûƣȫƣÿǶΪʧȥˡ
ؾǲôҲ֪ȺԽԽ٣ҲԽԽ١
ЩͬǣҲûʲôΪġ
ȻҲһЩǮЩǮҪţ뿪лȥǵġ
ԶʵΪʲô
ϵؾͽϢҺ󣬷վſڵš
Ҳ֪ϵؾҪϰ˵ʲôỹе棬ϧ˼͵

ϵؾû뵽ϰôᣬϻûƣ࣬Ҳ̱ûдϳпЦݣϵؾһֱҶ˵ɣÿʲôҪĿֱӸ˵
Է˿ڣϵؾ¡
Ҷ۵˺һûȵϵؾ˵ҲŲȴš
ϵؾǶԲҶûʲôȤֻòţԲҶļ۸û
ֵһϵؾſ졣
ͷúܵͣǸ˵̬
ϰ塣ϵؾѧŷĽзܲܡܲӣס
ɽˣɽﲢȫÿҹﶼҪҹΨҰްѺӵߣɼҹɻжӵҰ뾡취ӻ
ÿҰǨļڣǻҪҡ
Ӵ棬˵ģϵؾѵ֪ؾ˿֪ûа취ˣ˭Ҳ֪һʲôʱ
οǰȷʵͬ塣
ϵؾ˼ǹˣ֪͸һؾ˵ɽϸаȫУϾǴСôģϰˣҲûʲôá
ǲһֱɽϵؾͷѾ͵ؿڡ
ܿĵؾǶôϲɽ磬ƽϷܣԸȥ򽻵
Ӵ磬ƶɽ
ΪȺȺҪҪˡ
ϵؾûеף̧ͷȥҶۣԽԽСԸǮ
˵ҶҲĬˣϵؾһᵽɤۡ
ϵؾӦóɲ˵ʱ򣬲˵Ҫӿԣ֮ǿʲôάһҪߣʱô죿
ϵؾ˺üŹҲЩˣ˵סǻǿȥԣҲѧֵأסﲻԺˣٰɽȥ
˼ʶԺɽҲеٳ
ҶָһȷλؾĴҳȷʵôܷ⣬ŵͷ˵ס𣿡
ϵؾҡͷס
ﻹеԻһЩǮ׷ӣС޻ܳȥޣϵؾĵľû
ԡҶ۴Ӧˬ죬ļҪǮЩ㶼ʷ롣
ʱϵؾŸ̧ͷҶۡ
ϵؾƤţߵʱϸϸҶ۵
֪ǲĴܾöԷЩֿ֣Ķ֡
ϵؾûɵʳڣҶڵ߳Ϣҡ
쿪ʼؾǾסˣϵؾѡȥѻɽǽӳĻؾǴɽµĳ˺Ӿˡ
ϵؾǻۣ£زȥˣǺһСˣҲܰѺӴȺҲͻڡ
СؾϾǵؾٷЩˡû͸ĺǴһƬ
ؾû̫ͥĹһȺһҲһʱӶֻ֪ĸ֪丸ԽСؾɵر졣
Сؾ֮ǰȵļؾҲѸ˽ȥ
СؾμԼġְ𡱣ƽʱڳſڣп˿͵˾ӭȥ
ԷʱСؾǺ͵ؾһԡ
óԡСؾ˽ܵĥɷģɸϸûʯӺ涼ԲǷ˵ġ
ֻá
ʳԣ͵ĲˣܿܳԱ
ʳܻǱ˵ġ
ϵؾЦ˵ԺԼֵؾ͸ˡ
ȥǮеĳԾͿˣĻǻɱƷá
ؾҲˣɽӳؾһʼнѾʼźһˣΪ۾ӵأиûʲôΣգũҲ֪ڼҸӣٷܣֻҪܽɽͲΣա
ɽҪСģȸһȥΣƽʱĶ壬ƿߡϵؾ˵Ҫǡ
ؾǶû飬ǸãҪùϵҲû£зסзԣӺͳͷѾڿˡ
ڳԿΪԺ档

ؾ۵֣ũҲûǲ
ҪʯͷڼҾľͷҪ©磡Ҫޣ
յĸĸͬʯͷ̫ˣǮҲôǮͶء
տЦãûǮ˵ˣ⸽ļɽ˶УôǮĸʯͷӡ
ʯͷǷӡĸ̣㲻ǹ壬ǮҲܾԼ˲𣡡
տ챻ĸƷˣֻܿӣϣܰԼ˵
ֻҲûа
ũ˵ǮӦôأʳ˺Ҳ֣ûǮҲܻȥ
ʣµǮҲӦȥ޺÷ӣӦš
ĸԶһ㣬С˵Ժ˺ӣȥʶ֡
̻ѧУҲƽģѧѸߡ
ԣ˵ĶԣĸöϱĳԶܺá
տЦãǶ֪ǶԺˡ
ȫһ
ֻվߣҲǾð˵еʯͷӺÿܳȥţ
ûܵйˡ
ֻ˵ٳȥܼˣٶ㣬аɣ
һ˶ûǿɲǮ࣬ǮǸöõӣũߣõۡ
극յĸĸҲµأڳũҩڵѾûʲôˣУҲӰջ
ǰûũҩ治֪ʱôġյĸϣҡǰӣƲƲ죬׽棬ֱ
溦ͷ۵⣬ϸϸܵСӿʳҶƬܣǿҶӾҪȥо˳ӣ͸ֺ棬ϵҪĿҪӡ
ֹǣļҼһһÿµس˽ˮʩʾǳ档
ز࣬Ҳ۵ֱ
Ҳα겻α˳棬ûðˡ
æһ꣬˰ʣµʳȥһ㣬Σ껹ҪͰ͵Ĺӡ
Ц˵ڶ෽㣬ȥũҩС
ֵƺûôˣũҲ˹ԼΣա
ﲻȱˣũҲЦִ˺ܶࡣ
Ϣ˴£ֳˣ֪˹̹׼ȥԶĳĻԭȺˣһȥһΣ˶һȺ˾Ҫšһȥ˵һ¶⣬ҪһǶͲôˡ
Ȼû飬ʦͨѧЩ
ǳǮôصԺ󶼱ĸ˿òУôֵǮ
ֵҪǮҲôˡ
뿪ʱ򣬰ϸϸӺãˣû׳ˣ˾ҪŴϣǣҲҪȵڶȥʡ
ǮҪССġ
ҶҲһ糿˰ǳȺ뿪ıӰ
һȺ˳Ǯˣ˻ǰҶƥ
ϴǿ˫߳ȥ˴
ǵĸĸվڼſĿ뿪
ʵҲеһҶ˴ʱ˿վߵǳ档
Ҷۻعֱ죬Լʲôû˵
Ҷ׼뿪Ϣңȥ͸͸ʱվҶŴϣȴղ
Ҷ۶׼ҵʲôʱ򣿡
ﲻκֻʲôκʱȡ
ҶͣԭأƬ̺תЦЦûж㣬Ҿãʱߵ̫ҲһǼ¡
ĽǶܿΪ⣬
ǵ϶ż壬Ҷ΢΢ƫͷٴתһûе˵̧뿪Ϣҡ
Ҷ뿪Ϣҵűϣžһ
첽߳кҶվ̨һʵĿҶ۵ƽ
̫׼ȷ˵ǲ̫ܱյĿռڣԵķʽ
ڷģڵĸҶ۸տʼ㤣ȻûƣǶܣбϾֻô󣬶Ƕ㲻ģοҲΪóеķΧΡ
ֻǱܿ˺ĵദ
б˵£Ҷ۲ܿĶԻԼ֫Ӵ
ҶԼ̫ѨԶȺɽ
û뵽ȻСһˡû뵽һǸˡ
Ĺ۸У˵񣬲˵Ρ
ֻҪһ𣬾ͻûڣȥ۾
Ҷ۳̾һ
ϲͨϲͿˣҲǺϲġ
ʵûҪϲز
ˣôڲԶɹ·ĲݶСܹ
Ŷ䣬һ߷ţп㣬ͺҶͬһλŮûʲôֻһͱ¶ˡ
ˣϻִ䣬ˣݶܹѣոѾһˣ˱ҲˣǺùӡ
ݶͣ½ŲҶۻûסı飬㶣ΣСʣˣ˭ˣʰȥ
ҶЦЦݶ֣ݶС߹ȥҶ۲˵δʲô
ݶ̻صЩΣҲ˵֮ǰӣҶأǵĶǲģ˵·ÿ񶫷ĶڶĶֵǮ
Ҷ۵˵ͷ
ݶ˵Һ˵ˣҲҶʹ
Ҷ΢˵Ȥüʣô˵
ݶɫҿǰ⣬ҡͷ˾˵Ҫ
Ҷ۵ͷʵΪʲôҪ
ݶ֮ǰҲ˹̹ǴСȥҶ۵ϣҶ΢ЦȻڹ˵ȥ
ݶɤӣͷ˵ũҵĺӣûҲûһȺСӣȥ˵ܻסĶɲҶ˹̹Ĵ˶Ը̧߼ǮǴȥ±˵ܻܲŻ˵
ǴܻסĶѡġ
ҶϵЦˣܿˣá
ݶЩɬ޸½ѧٴҲѧ֡
´˹̹ȥɡҶۣѧҪòС
ݶ¸߰ǣ
Ҷۿķ򣺡ȥæɡ
ݶѹֲס飬һЦһܡ
ҶջĿ⡣

ݶ·ãſյ¨ߣ·Ϣҵʱÿݶͣ¸˸к޸磬ͷأҪȥ
΢΢ҡͷݶϰĹʲô˵˸ղһͷǵİǳȥɣ˾ˣɵĳܼǹŷˡ
ʱЩ˻ƣ˵ʲôˣ
ݶҡͷҲû˵ʲôͿңң
ȲظԼ˿̵飺Һã˵ܿףҲ֪ôˣǶ޸˵ǲǻֻͦǰ
ǰҲҪڴֻҪ̤ʵϸɣӾУҪʲô۽ǻۣ
ݶףԸǰ£Цʣ޸磬ȥĶ
˵ݶԹԵ˵˵֣ǰ㣬Աߣǳ
еʣǲʲôˣ
һۡ
ݶԣ޸磬ǿˣϲ˵ʲô¶֪Ҫˣȥϸ˴ȱĳ϶㡣
ŲɲУʲô˵
԰ɣ


160 
߽ǿ̻ϰڷŻƽ̨Ļ߶滪͹߽أֻǶʾƱһ˵
Ⱥȥ˰ֲͣġ
˹̹ҲһԹǶɵᣬЩ˶ԾǮ֮ǰһʹĹؿ
˵СϾҪˡ˹̹ò׼һǰһƨɰԱߵ˾￪ŶԷ˵һ׺ö͸С㡣
һͷ𷢣˹̹ôͶԷ򽻵ǸƢǿӲˣֻ˵ʯ鱦Ѿˡ
ʯ鱦Ҫ۲ͣǲȱǮģѾŮʮף㹻Ŵˡ
˹̹˵ʯ鱦ȻҲ򲻵䲻϶Сݡ
üͷ
Լʯģ·ϵŦҲȫʯŦۣԷô˵ֱ˵ûƷλǳĻû˵ڣ˹̹˵Ҫ͵һ״
ˡ
ȷʵǱʯƷλ
ϾǰǮ򲻵Ǯ򵽵ġ
ûʲôɫѵһȱ
˹̹æ˵ȻǣЩƽʱ򵽵Ŀɲһ
˵ţ˹̹ʹ¶ͳһľУ¶桪ֲ߹ʱ;öԷ·ЩԾһô¶ôĶ
˹̹˺ӡ
ڿĶ˲ɢ
ŵһԲ룬ǳͨڵĿʽʵȴͨ
֣ȴڿҪʱջ֣⡢Ҳ
ΧһȦƹɵĻȦмĻƣһͷŮûб飬ЩǳüĿˡ
˹̹˵һǻģһие͡
̲סŮıǼ⣬һöľº
ҴһλĴ򵽵ġ˹̹©ɫ͸¶ֻҵС
ϡ٣˹̹ࣺǮ
͸СĽôǮ˹̹գգ۾һҪ⡣
ˣһ˹̹Ѻӵݹʱֽӹ°
֮˹̹Ȼĸ˺
ĳǵͷڹǰ󵱹˹̹һƷдζ˹̹ϵЦһҹûȥ
뿪ᣬ˹̹϶Ц
ǰһģֻΪĻﲻͬõĴĿҲȫȻͬ
޵ʾãǵʾӷ
Щῴ˹̹һ۵Ĵ˶һס
ӿ˹̹ǮЩĴҶһҹ֮һգ˹̹ͷһܵ˱Ǹ߿ӵĸо
ǰԲ˹̹Ǻʣµл
˹̹ûлȥȡڶǶù˹̹Ҳû̫ǿĺ̨οУڱ˵ĵҲûʲôá
˹̹ѡ˺ͺϵõˣڳµ˹̹ͶԷ˵һȥȡǰԼĽ˶Է

ؾסˣǴҶ˲ũҩũߣһֵؾɽԣһҲʮ죬µһСֵֿأŬȥ彻ʣΪʲô֮ǰѧʩʣƬȴ綼ûðˡ
Ҫˮũ￲ϣ֮ũµȤǾһ̸ЦϿٰܻᣬŮظ裬ǺȾ̸졣
ͷпŶĵؾм䣬Ҳ·ģźҲûֵ̫ˮֲ
Ҫ˴Ц
ֵؿࡣؾ̾˿
Բ𣿡ʣ˵ԾˣҧһھͿܻ
ҧһҲܻᡣؾ£ǰͱҧ
ָԼֱۣҵҺ峤ҵ˲ҩȻҾˡ
ٽӴؾӴҲǰϵĵؾЩؾûԼȺǵؾʵǳصġ塱ǶԵؾĺ档
ΪʲôһŮͳǣʣͳһȺһ˸øɵ¡
ԣǾûв𣿡
ؾԣѵǲҪӵиľ飬֪ôǻȥʲôʱҰ޻Ҫȥֱܷҩȫˣˡ
㶣ؾ˵ǿ׳кܶ࣬ǻΪλŹɱ¾Ⱥøã峤ҪǿˣֻҪ֪ʲôܹһ
ũĵؾѵͲ뽨ҵ𣿡
ؾգգۣϵ˵ǵؾȺҿ𣿵ؾСģֻбһ𣬲ܲ衣
ͺڸһ졣ؾΪͬңж㣬ֻΪӵкܶˣǲֱҹҵǾҪˡ
ǻ࿴ؾ˵ЩִģɶԷ̬ʵ̫ãҲ
˻һת̾ҵŮ˸ýͣʵҲʺϳΪɷˡ
ǰŮҲǣʮˣڼɾǮ޳ȥˣ϶ʲôӡ
ϣܸŮһסڸɷ򡣡
ҲôģɷǮҲԵǼҵĵɻ
ҪҲܵɻͺˡ
ǵĶѾȢˣڷֳһ㾫ʼŮ
ʱǱŮ޳ȥһͷţ߼أܸȢӡ
ڼǮֶͨũûаᵽȥ뷨ŮԵ˼ϾŮҲܸɲٻ
ˣ֪һ£ˣ˷ܵ˵ҪĸϾϵ
Ϣһʯҽ˳ҳ˾޴ˮ
ô˲ŵĴ󺰣ȻôԼĸĸ
˵ĸĸȫʣȴһŴԸڼһԲϡ˵ĸĸȷʵЩ֡
һŮ֮ԱǣΣôԼĸĸǸĸûгĻᡣ
Ǹĸģô˵ĸĸ֣
ŮͲӦй˹ǮʲôˣŮ˸е¡ҧгݣ϶ڵģͷ
ؾԺЩ岻죬۵ԽԽС˵Ӧȥҳϰ壬ŮȥˣôЩŮ޷죬ǾҲܼŮͺˡ
ȴûеõӦ
ʲô˼˸ոջڸȺֳʱȴվһקס˵˵죬ɷغ˼ǣҵŮҲڳˣ
Ůǳ˳⣬һڳŮ
⵱ȻҲΪж࿴ŮĶڳﵱľѧͽ᲻öºò׵õѧͽݻֻŮȥӦƸ
ȻӦˣ
ԴŮ˳еʱۿɼĺȻɲöٶٳ⣬ŮûˮԼζڶĹżоƺɡ
˺ôԸһֲһ⡣
ŮȥУǾͻһ⡣
Ҫô˵Ҿʹıӣݺݵв˶Էתͷ˵ĸĸǺöôǮԿôˣ
Сظ͵ԣ˵Ķԡ
˭һԲ
ˣ˻ȭͷ˭Ҫ˵ŮȥҾ֪ҵȭͷжӲ
˵꣬Ҳû˼˼뿪ء
ߺ˲СֹΪҵŮҲڳеʱ𣿡
Ǹжûʲôȥ˵ܿҪˡ
ˣҪؼˡ
ؾǳۣʵ̫ΪʲôҪΪȥйǸöðʱŮڳУЩȥԣȺܷչĸá
ͺǰŮ˲ɼ˴һΪȺܸõȥ
ؾСʱʹ峤Ϊʲô˴ԣǼΣյ£Σȴ˳еˣŮֻҪڰȫĵطɼ
峤ûк⣬վߣֻ΢Цſ
峤˵ŮǸɸȫĻΪȺΪһʧܶһǼʧ룬ֻҪһ£Ⱥܷܡ
Ůһʧ룬ȺҪ֮֡
һ˿ʹŮУһŮ˲궼ܻУһҪŸµʱˣҲܱ֤ܻȥĸӶΪѲ
ŮԽԽ٣ȺͻԽԽ٣ȺֻʧӰ١
ǿԱģŮ˲ܡ
Ҫ֤Ⱥȥ
ǵؾ汲ǻۣǵȺֱɴڣЩȫ˵ȺڶѾʧˡ
ؾЩ岻峤ֵǣô޴壬ȻͳƬ½ľ򣬵ؾ벻ףԼҪѧϰĵطкܶࡣ
ؾҲûټũ˵֪Щ嶼ѵģ˵ؾվƨϵĻңͺũǵˡ
ũǿŵؾıӰ̲סȺƤСӾȻסôõķӡ
Ǯôණ
ؾ䣬ǸϰֱǸϹӣѵǲЩӸֵ𣿡
ؾۣһ˼Ϊʲôô
Ϊõ˴󲿷ԴԾͲΣ𣿻޴ֻЩũ
ߵſڵʱ򣬺ȻϤԼ֡
棡
泯ķȥ˲䣬۾
һȺ˱ķϼҴڣֲڵζŴˡ
泯ȥԼӵһ
ôˣ˷ܹѯԼİѡ
֪мҳУΪЩˡ
ĺ󱳣Ц˵ʵһֱڹ۲ǡ
ǳ˳飬Ⱥ˻ôСɸˣѧֵأأҲ׼ֵأ
ҡͷһѣûаҵѣ
ŴЦ׼ҲֵأҲǿֵΪϴʱϰ˵ˣֻҪǸǮͽôեͣ͡
ڵեͷʽԭʼҲͣͬĶӻ֥եͣԺ㳬вˣҲܿȥ
ؾ˵Ǻ£Ժ˵ǻҪ͡
ˣǻҪѧе⣬ʱֵأǾۣ
ˣǹʱ򿴵Ҳʰ˺;סĺܽг꣬ԷĶ֪˵ǺҲҪҪһʱ䡣
ؾʶ飬ûʲô飬æ˵ǿȥ÷ӣ
Ҵȥ
öఫˡڳſڵɯ߽ŵİǣתͷվŵĲݶ˵˵Ѫúȡ
ݶˣȹ
ɯҡͷ˵
ɯǰĵλȲѪֻܺȵѪ
ݶЩǳԽԽ࣬Ҫô죿ô죿
ɯ̫⣺ǾͶϳȥ
ݶһɯͷûңϾɯǽ㣬̾˿Ҫô򵥾ͺˡ
ˡݶȻȥɯС˵ûз֣޸һֱߴգ
ɯƲƲ죺һֱ𣿡
ݶ̾㲻
ǰ޸ߵıָȫһ
ЩݶҲֻܶɯ˵Ȼ϶˼룬ܷʲô£
ڲݶ磬Լ̽ʲôܵʱȻ˽Ų
ݶ̱죬תͷȥȻ˳ˡ
ҶҲǳǵģͦϲˣΪ˶һͷϸܵëһѰһֵʱôë޵ľʵôôɰ
ȴȥʱŵĵطҶ۳վߵ˵ٴȥӡ
Ĭ΢΢ͷݶƳһۣȥȻЩί
ίŵͷƤ飬̨׺󣬲ݶſҶۡ
Ҷ۲˲ݶĿ⣬ݶЦЦ
ݶջĿ⣬Լʲô˵ȽϺá
ʧˣɯѾߵҶߣץסҶ۵°ڣͷдź棺ǲ飿
Ҷ۲㱻ԼĿˮǺ˼ŵؿɯ
ҶװһƽӣŬԵȻôô룿
ɯѸٰѲݶˣݶ˵
ݶɴ۾ʲôʲôæͣˣǣûô˵
ɯ˵ʱһ𣿡
ݶ
˲ˣ벻κηĻ
ҶҲˣԴϴϢ̯ơȷʵû˵ʲôֵֹĻȴһֱԣҶۼÿһ۶ܿ
ÿγԶɡ
ɯҶۣʮ˵ҲϲϲĻҲûа취Ժܱк𣿡
Ҷۣ
Իң˰ֻܱһ䣺ӵġ
ɯ¶˿飬¸Ǿͺã
ҶۺͲݶ¶Цݵɯ
ɯĹע㣬ƺ̫ԡ


161 
ڵ·ϻλƵʻţ˹̹ڣĵĸĴ졣
ǰ󣬶ǳüͷĶ顣
Ǹ˹̹ҪˣһСӣ;Ĵһ̵ͣǿʱڣɰԼʵʵϷŦۡ
ȫŦ۶ˮиǡõˮڱյʱ貹â
ؿڱһմ룬ĶϾ˭֪մ顣
ģϡٵģĶݳ޵Ĵ
ǻ˿򳵴⣬һ·ûпһĴׯĴӶǶһһݣ˴˵ľԶûһֵ
˹̹ͷһʱҲָоﾹȻп̵꣬˳˵Ļ˵Ҳãֵĵط¾ûҵĻˡ
ĳжеͷߣ˳ԵĶ³
ˣҲԣûȥ
˹̹ЦЦ˶ֻܴˮ꣬Ҷʹǲ
ôȤСˣֻܿǰ棬ʱ򶼲֪ԼΪʲôԼСˣûҵɽ齨ԼĹϵʱҲȥʹ
ǻڹǰϥźԼͬͬʱǾԲɫġ
Ǹ˶Էɫֻ֤ԷܿҪˡ
Ǯǵκ谭Ǯ˶ͽԴͽ˻õֶαȽ̻¡
ȱõ֡˵ܹ£ӵ֡
˹̹ˣЦȺ˻ڵĻ˵ξܴߣҪǳȥˣǾֻܵ´ˡ
ûټ⣬ΪѾ˳š
һΣ˺˹̹㱣ŵſ졣
˹̹еӲͬһӲ塣
˺͵ؾǽǴŲȴɾĲ£ҲɽҰһֵĺӣǱʯʯ
Ь
мľߣϼҴڣ˺ͺӶУͰ˵ؾǴк
ų£ƺʲô
Ͼﶼôྫ顣
Ϊòһֱūгġλ嶼ϣԼūͶɾ飬ˡ
˺ܿ췢̻˹̹Щ𣿡
˹̹̫ȷ˵ϰ壬˵Ը
Ӳܽǣͣ˳ſڣ˹̹һ˳ȻĵķŴ뿪
Ǹո³аСĵؾСŹһƤСñȻȵȻϲⶥñӣҲԸȡ
˹̹Сؾñȸ˹̹кȻֿԱߵĴˡ
˹̹ܵλǹķ
Сؾֳķһñ
ķûؾΪԼСˣɫʱЩá
ܱ˹̹˵ȻͨɫķףվŵĲͨ壬ȨƵһˡ
ͨ忴÷¸̬߰һ˰ѾԻ
Сؾɫģ̿ķԼֻǳ˹̹˵˹̹ķȥɡ
˹̹ͷСؾˡ
ԶСؾŷ˸ۣǰūʱῴûлߵԷǰ
ʯ·ȥ͵ˡ˹̹Źķʯ·
ķɫɲ̫ãţϰһؾǣ
˹̹æСؾһֱڳſڣ˭ӣ˲
ķɫŻָ
̤ʯ·һ˶û
ķǲģʮˣ˸Ҷ֡
ߵ˳ſڣİ˵ؾǲûжǲĿȻеĹ˿٣żǻЩסɽİ˵ؾҲ˹̹ķж߹
վ̨£͵һе˹̹һķҲשסˣûſȥҲû˹̹һԸ뿪ֻǿװ򶨵˿ĭ˵Ĵשذ壿
ܰĵذߣҡ
ķֵĴִ
ԡ˹̹Щ⣬ҵһοשذʱɲô򶨡
ķһװģ˵Ķȷʵټܹ㡣
һ״ۣ˵̵ˡ
ĵذ壬ͨªľݶ̱ݳ޸š
˵ʱ򣬳еԶӦѾˡ
˹̹ϴʱΪ˿Ͳ࣬Ҷ˹رԶӦ⻹һοԶ򿪵ӡ
ķ˲ľͿſ˹̹˵ʲôأ
˹̹ҡͷϴʱǻƸҿţˣԲ
ķԵƨֺˣԼĺӣ¶һЦ⡣
˹̹˿֮ѡķҲΪķмȨ󣬹ķܺȵõıȲˡ
˹̹ɫȹŮ˴ӳڲ߳
һͷľƤ𪣬һ˫ƽЬ·ƴ󷽣ʱ¹ֵĶȻͬŹĳ࣬ȴͨƽŮ˵ľֹ
ιķûԼˡ
ϾٹˣԸòŮ͡
ῴķ΢Ц˹̹λǣ
˹̹λǹķһλΰˡ
ţ˹̹ǮˣϵЦݱøϣǺ֮ǰһֻͲҶҪ𣿡
һ˵һ߰Ѷӭȥ
β˹̹˵ķ˵˴ͲҶʲôûĶ
᣺أϰ֮ǰ˵ιԸǿˮ
гѾˮˣ㲻־ãҲ㣬ֻмζ
ˮԹ˵Ǹ裬ҪˮڸԼζԼˮǵĵڶ·
죬μӾۻʱˮǾһӵĳˣ㹻Ѭȥˡ
õˮֻоλߵĹ򵽵ݳƷ
ϾӻȡˮĹ̷ҲЧ̫١
ķˮ˹̹˹̹æ˵ʶĹ̫ˣҲûеط
ķͷǾʹȥɡ
һ·ϹķٶĿ⣬֪ԼǳʲôģЩͰǣٿҲС
ˮȻʲôˮҶõģƽۻױƷͬһƽʱûϾ֮ǰļλҲûںԼƤòãϵζ㲻㡣
֮ǰĹ˿ͶũûŮͻˣҲǱƷ
ЩҶۻһǮûȥ
ĹԱЩҲ࣬ԼǿҶֻô󱦣Ҳûֻȥá
Ǹᣬڽˮ֮ǰ΢ЦŶ˹̹͹ķ˵ˮ֮⣬ﻹͻƷƷƤҲܿϣɹ˪Ƥˣɹڣɹ̫Ҳڡ
۾һͨҲ֪ʱǸڻס
ķȤóװķֱĺܺãϾںܶ¶ҪΪҲ̫¹Ϳϻ˪֮ԼְֱֱյǼᡣ
ڹ͵ıȽ϶࣬ϣҲûл˪ζá
ȡķʵֻ࣬Ҫζ㹻ˡ
Щһһǧķƴ֣ЩСǮ
ѻƷȫһ󣬷ĴȥˮĻǰ
ˮ״ĲƿװţȻװҲʲôٿܻˣٹķסˡ
һ㣬һš
ʼķþϲ²ԣ˹̹ζš
ʮζ󣬹ķıѾʲôŲˡ
ǴһӣѳеˮԲ
ķʼնûʹ۸ĳôӣװȫǽҡ
˹̹һϴЦһ߼ʵҧ
ЩڻĻƷˮ̬ȸˣķĿⲻڿһˣڿһ𣬻𲭵֣ȫ졣
ҶҲּ֡Źķ˲ҶЩٵļ۸͹󣬲ⲻζű˵ľѺȣֻÿ˿ζͬЩ˿ܾϲ˵ġ
û˵꣬ķͺشĻ˵ĶȻȲϹģѵֻ˻𣿡
ķޱ˵˻ֻеͼ˲Ż򡣡
᣺
̡
˴ʱ䣬ķҪĶ
һЩƷҪȵڶټѡķҲ׼ûϰǰ뿪
ֱʵס޵ǮǿҪԼסķΧеؾͰˡ鵹ǿԣˣ㰲ס޾Уֻź
˹̹ûܺ͹ķסһסһ¥
˷ֿԺ˹̹ȥҶۡķȻҪֺãȽ֮£Ҷ۸Ҫ
ϾǴͻѾˣҶҲֻܴӴ
ҶòݶŨ裬˹̹¾ԼȺһڣоԼ˵㾫󣬲ſ˹̹
Ҷ۵ûЦݣѾһμ˹̹˫ǿϤͬҲǩˣ֮ҲûбҪݳģ
ҴĹķλ˹̹ᳵ·Ҷ۶棬Ҳ˲豭ԼĲǲúȵģݲ裬õҲĩòҶȥǮ
˹̹ܵ㣬Ȼһڣζı۾
ȱǮ˹̹Ҷ͸˵ףȱλ
˹̹ЦǺǵ˵ЩˣտʼֻҪǮǮҪɽ˿ɽԼҲܵɽǮλԽûʲôԽҪʲô
Ҷۿ˹̹ҿɸλ
˹̹΢΢ǰ㣬΢͵ͷʱĳܸӵоλĶ
ҶЦЦǣҶ
˹̹ҡͷܸģɱЩҪء
ҶȤüʣ˹ֱ̹˵ɡ
˹̹ȥС˵ƣԼĵơ
Ҷûܾ̾Ȼӵߵĵƣõصġ
ķƣء
ƺ͵ֻҶҶΣٸۿڵ̴ԴԴϵ͹٣ûС
ױƷˮҲƷ
ҶǾ¢ϣǵݻǵأҲƷ
ɲܺ͵Ʊȣֻ̨ơ
˹̹̻ỨǮֻҪ̻ͷһоľλʵѡ
Լ𣬲ϰһãʱô
Ļ̫ջˣҶȷʵȱǮȱһǮ
Ҷۣһῼǵġ
˹̹֪ԼȰ˵ɹˣҶۣȴҶ˵Ļ
ôõ⣬ҶҲʼǸͷ࣬ϸֳЦݣ˹̹뿪ʱ򣬴ߵĲ;߻̸õĶʮס
һײ;߰ĸǳӣһ룬ĸСĸס
һҶȥ۸һöҡ
˹̹õԼҪģվҶ۾һڼ˳ȥ
ʮףʡǧöң˹̹˵ҲһǮȥһײ;ҲҪöңֻжԷĶ࣬ŻήһЩ
ҶĿ˹̹ȥ˹̹ߺҶ۲̱ɳϡ
˯ˣ˱Ũ裬˵ôõĻڴ˯ȴŵ״̬
ɳʮӣҶۻվ׼ȥһߡ
ʱÿ춼󣬱֮ǰڸһˡ
ǿ򷿵İ˵ؾˣΧũҲóǮ򷿣ǵסϾסﲻ㣬ǻҪչˡ
ҹ²Ҷ˼ڼϵķɹϣһյũﻻú͵ƣ֮뿪˳С
Ҷ۲ʯ·ϣ紵Ҷ۷壬ڷһ
ȻѾڣǻڰңǾŻѣѶѷڽֵϵᵽȥ
Ⱥ貣ӦǸƵĺҶϽֵĿĵǰߣżʶͣԭؾϹкҶҲֻǻӻ֣Ǳ
вʶҶ۵СǸϹˣ˭
ôǸ壿
Ƕ嶼е⣬ֻ۸ǣ˺ǣǰ԰˵
ʵæ˵λǳϰ壡Ӷģ
ѯʵ˲ţǡΪʲôס
ǰԸǵĶ١
ʵĶ֮ǰѪҶ۾ȳˣǻػݶͳһɲһЩ岻һ
ǣǮĸǷӣйĵط
Ǹ򲻵Ҳӡ
ЩġѪū޲ðҶȥ
ϣԶ
Ѫū磺ˣǿ϶ܼʱȥĶ
ľǱסˡ
ǶǸ·ϵˡ
ҶҲĿ⣬΢΢תú͵ƵĻƻ
ǺһݣԷ̫ᣬҲ̫еȫͬ
Ҷ۳¶һЦݡ
ԼҲΪʲôѧ֮ǰǸѪūͣԭأңңسԷϹʺãûо裬úȻ
ҶҲǻ˻֡
ǰȥ
ʵû﷢չĳ
ڣָ
Ѿ˳ӡ
ҶҲ֪δĶڣеϲˡ


162 
΢һƹŸոأʹ
𣬸߿ĽùķڴϷֻܳŭĴӴ
ķŲƽľذϣ˴͸¿ȥСľѾ׼뿪ˡ
Ǳű¨ŹŸӣվڽֱǸ
Ҳ˳ԶեͷȥǶ׼˿ʼһĹ
ķѾܾûмˣڳʱסڸ֮ԶֻǻŲʵ߲ˣţᱻˡ
½ֵϵĳķŭɢˡ
ؾǳȺӵ뿪ͷӬĸѯʳĸ
ԭķôķĹ˹ǡ
飬δ˽ǣδþڱǺһˡ
Ǹ̸ƺǰӰһЩС⡣
ķôţڿһϷ磬һжԶޱ档
ֱķţžȻôá
˴͡ķ²ĶŲ̽뷿䣬̨ϰڷΣϻŲʻմɻƿķ˯ǰͷԸҪڷò͡
վߣѲȥ
ķҲͷȥͺܷʢȻûĶ
һǽɱг룬żȺ˵Ρ
һݺõĻۻɫĲ
Ȼ֪ζôķžʳָ󶯡
ڼҵʱһԵĶ⣬ָ⡣
Щ˷ܵ˵˶٣
ǴûһҪٷƽʱԼһһ٣һٷ
̫ݳˡһҡͷһ̾Ϣ˷ܡ
ķϣҲһԣֲǳԲ𡣡
ϳʲôķ𵶲ǰ͡
ϾҲסĻʳҲһ
ķǲԸ͵ͬģҲ֪һ㣬ɫǳ
ķв𣿡
æҡͷǺȶǻƶĥġ
ӣƽŻʳġͼʳ
¹ķˣ޵ﻹ
һôķǮΪʲô
ǰֻǮԼĵλ
¥£ʵ뿪ӵķǳէһжžͿ־壬
ֿ־岻ΪסŵĳǾǰ˺͵ؾֻǼ˾ǻ·
ҲҪɽԣа·ʱʡ
𷢾ͷЩǵĽüͷ̫ˣɽĻܴ򲻵
˰οǾͱȥ˶ɽǿһߡ
Ұ޸࣬ҪСġ
ͷ˺ٺ;ӴûһʵϳԵʲô
ϵıࣺ
ǰɽֻܳ⡣
ǴһѺ֣ӯɽⱼԾڶء
ˣҴɽɡ
ЩϲǾҪʲô
æԼƷ򡰹桱ӱóһССľһǻӺӣҲ㿴϶õĴС
ţѡľ飺ǿƤëǻҲֱӸǮЩеĲһģģ
ȳеıˡ
ǡв𣿡ðе⣬ҪǱ֣˵ùûʲôҲܱۡ
ˣвܵģΪóǮǵÿЩˡ
˵˵ҺͳпŮϵܺã˵ǲҪȫֵأѧ㼼Ժ»ɽҲܴõĶ
ܸĹԱϹϵ˺Ϊ˽ΪԼͿѾˡ
Ǻܺúܺõѡ
ȻĽá
˼ҫһ
Լ㶵ͳһСѲСͳһСһմСˣźɫļⶥñӣﻹһСĢ
Ưɣ˸߲ҵҫ˵ǹСˣС˻иаѩĹѣ
˱˱ģѣ
ȻĽˣ۲ضšСˡǸ˵İˡ
ֺǺǵӦͣǸ˵Сˣ
߰ɣҴɽ˵ȥԼ˴к˵ԼȥԼĿ
飬絽ӵģѾϰһ١
ܲӵȻá
ԭصŰ˹Ĳ·ǰɽʱ汲һطܳȫãüε˲·ʯͷȥĸ
׼ûҶ·Ҹط¶ӡ
˺ܿǰССĸͷżı
һȺľ顣
뿪ӣ׼ȥҳϰĹķˡǰɲ֪˵ĹϵôãΪľ鿴ϰСİ˺Ƥؾ
﷢ʲô֡ķСοԼ
ķʯ·лƵڳſڣһЦŹķȥ
ķϢңûôװꡪʵ̫ˣѩ׵ǽڣһûйңסķ䣬ϢҼ򵥵ܱΪһ䡣
Ψв輸õ˼ֹķע⡣
ķ˴ɳվķһ۾Ϳ˾еϰ塣
Щӣζûо飬ױƭ
ķûбֳ֣ȥ
Ҳ֪֡ǣ
ָոûֺɣ
Ǹעˡ
ɣÿҶŹķ¡
ķȺҶۣƭ˹̹㲻ǵӣˡ
۲ŶԷӶԷϿԱƵľȡ
ʧˣԷֻǳЦЦЦݲκֺãùķЩ䵭
Щʱ򣬾Է˵ûдң𣿡
ֻ˹̹뷨ΪܹóôҶˣһвˡ
Ҷۣˣķ̽ңûбѡ񡣡
ķüͷֻҪǮʲô򲻵СһʿûУҲûҸ߽̻ҡ
㲻ġҶۣˣҲǣǶ𿴱˵ùǸǮѾڶԼûôĵط
һֻСҶۿķ۾Ŀԣݵʮڣ˭û˵
ҶջĿ⣺ҪҲֻ㣬նټǮҸļ۸һ
ķʵʲô㹻õĻҲŻῼǡ
ĻϢҵžͱˡ
ϰ˽󣬹ķһ۾Ϳ˱ŵĶ
һֵĶֶȴ
ҶվתȥϢҵĴ
ûпƵһƬڰûһȻһأֲָ
ķ̻ˣڿкҰڶ̶Ҫʲô
ҿҶҪ߿ˣķǱס˲ӵѼӡ
ڹķҪײʱһġꡱ
˲䡪
ǰ硣


163 
׵Ĺ䡣
ڰ˲䱻ɢķǰһУѾɥʧ˼
⻹ú͵ƹ⣬Ĺǰûпɱԡ
ķʲôҲˣֻյעӺ۾㱵ĵơ
õ󣬹ķԼ֡
ķҶںʮ󣬹ķתһ㷴Ӧ
Ҷ۵û뵽ܴķô𺳡
תһ룬ҲϾ֮ǰļλ棬ԭס񶼰
һвܵͶˡĽ͡
ڹķǸˣȻˣյƾģԽʱ񼣵ĶȻֵ𾪣㤡
ֱСʱ󣬹ķŴԼҵĴ˿룬˫ס豭ʳ˿Ժһ⣺ĵжյ
ܿ˵һյֻҪһյҪֻ֤һյƳȥǾǸҡ
ķվϲĶֻйܹӵУҲֻйӵУ˶䡣
Ҷ˹ķ˼ķ׼Ǯ
ͺ˹̹һķǸˡͼȤζˣǮѾܴˡ
Ȩƺ͵λԡ
һ޶Ķ׸ķڸͳƵʱòλ֮Ҳлᡣ
ǮķվϢм䣬Ҷۣڲ˫ȴó졣
ʱ˿̣һ࣬Ѫ
Ҷ΢ЦſŹķһյյҶ˵û𣬵һյյļ۸ǵȻò
öҡҶֻֽۣᡣ
öķ֪֪˵ʲôһ˰ûö
ҶָָԼɳָʹ˸ɫڹķ̰Ŀ£̨뿪ϢңĵĴš
ķһڣ侲ɳ֮󣬹ķƽ˵öܣҵвƲûö˵ңǹ£Ҳһóöҡ
ĵѵֵöҶۣ˵㣬յƾǶһ޶ģûܹ죬ԿõҪĶöܶ࣬Ҫ˶ͻر
ҶۣĶۣܽʱҵĻӦþ͸߹㡣
òǮ
Ҷ۴豭ƯĲҶһں˵ķӦҵ˼
ķЦûûʿֻ⼸ƣô˺ŮˣƾʲôΪ̸ܺף
̰Ĺ¶
ҶЦһʵʲôȰͷ
Ҳԡ
Ҷν˵ҿԳޱ
ڣƾѹҶ۵Ĺķˣô⣬óԷƻг񣬵ķ̽ѵ˱
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һǺܽһԡ
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ķһĸոͱˣӸµ̬ȣϼЦЩߵҶǰ΢΢ͷ̾öʵ̫ˣǧöóļˡ
Ҷȴûɿڣöһö١
׹ķĴҶۿû
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һȰɣҵֵˡҶ۵Ŀ˴ӴܹСؾϣЦЦôŬܾΪʲô
ͺҽһˡ
־ܾȣΪʲôأ


164 
ѱӵãСؾ򿪷ţһˬ˸
ףҲԼ߳ĺСؾкҪҪɽ
Լͬ壬滹ǺѺõģοСؾҲǸƢˡ
סͬһ£ȻֻÿܼһЩ顣
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׵ͷǲԼĹȤϾ֮ǰûס񣬸ũҲʱסˣ˵ڡ
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ĽǻͳԵġ
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ڵİѾǸСؾˣֻǿ۰ӣְѸӸҪȥϴ֡
ԶǰҪϴ֣ҲǿģǶôҲҪô
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ѵӡ
췢ԣȷʵǲ԰ӡ
ֻסڰ˯м䣬ôһ
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ʲôһǲ壬Ҳˣ
˵࣡ôëҰһ˵ǣ
ģ

׻ʶĺ壬ǲᡣ
Ǽͬ屻޴İ۾
ЩԼһģƤĵؾǻһܻĶ⼸Ʋһ
Ƭ̵ͣٺ󣬰Ҳȥ
ȥ˲䣬ĳĶҲڡˡ


165 
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ԭܹʦĹķҭסˡ
Ҷۺ͹ķվڳſڣңųţſں֣Ѿȥʰоˣԭڳſڿֵİ˺;ҲѾɽʣµؾ͹ķĻǡ
ķԼġʡûҶ۵ͷǷǳϵĻһ̬ȣ̾ҵЩƿɶǻҲǮģҲūĸ˶ڣûһٴҪʲô
֮ǰҶۿܻķһӣһ㡣
Ϊ漰öҵҶ۾ûô˵ˡ
Ȼθһ㣬βǹķģ´ιķ᲻Ͳ˵ˡ
ķûйܺԼĻƣȷʵҪʲôҶ̧ȳſȥ
ķɫ˼ΣջСŸȥյҶߣҶ˵㣬ôµĻơ
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ʡһһʣöңԼʵǸˡ
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ױʱһãȻ
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ĸûбЩʶܵĵؾ;ˣȴ
ζݣȴðǡ


166 
ڳСࡱ˴£ķںƺƵĴԼ̶뿪
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ֻΪ㹻ǴûôĽҲǶԡ֪
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Ҷ۳Ĭ˼˵ʵҲ֪ôԲԣ㲻ԣҲͲ࣬Ӧûһ㣬Ǿɡ

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Ҷۣϣܶǽо»
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ȻֱӰСָСȥȻܴ֣СĸŽǾԵɡ
Сһ磬һ硣
СŽᣬܳԱԽŽᡣ
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ˣһ¡ҶۺȻ˵Ҽǵʱ˵һƸ룬ͲܻԼλ棬Ǻͬڣɯôȥģ
䣬ͿȻֱͦ˱
Ҷ۶ˣʧЦû뵽㾹Ȼѡ
û˵Ŵʹ˿ʱҲʲô
Ҷۣ;˻
Ȼ̧ͷĿԣҶ۾ȻĪƿߡ
ƿߺҶ־òԡֲ飬תͷ
ô룬ɻû¿
Ϊῴһ˫Ũīڵеֿ־ĸ顣
ͨССְĸ飬Ǹģ˾һ룬ͻУԽԽ
ҶۻңҵԸڶ塣


167 
ȼڻԾĻУĵؾӳ˳һƺõζܿӯӣһԷˡǴӸܳ
ǴżªĴֲ·Žţܳȳ˵Χá
ǰԼ´ģԭ̫Сֻò͡
ϰҪչ˵ĺֻ̫࣬ܰԭӻȥԼһ׹ߣ´Ρ
ȸԾĿűһﶼԼľ롣
İһ׵ĸӴȻҲƯͻֻһĴͷмĹڽҲһѵõζ
ɽϲû̫⿷˿ζζƷˣԳԷ˵Ǽôܵ¡
ֱؾİǳһѧϰֵ⣬Ƕѧϰֽϣǲ˽ͣ͵ķӡ
Ѭ֮⣬Ҳɣùӷ
⡪ΪҪõ̫࣬ǻ᲻á
ϾʱǿԵǮõģӲͨ
ԣϰ˿źӣĵĺһ
Ǹûֻ֪úȣҲóԡ
˶Աˣǲ´һԣÿ˴򵽵ķͺһ˺͵ؾͬؾԽԽֵǮ峤Ůԡ
˵峤ȴȺǿ׳һ
˵Ժ͵ؾȫͬؾҪǨƣÿҰǨʱܿҰ޵ľ·ߣؾԣҲɼϲǨ㣬ǼûȦ󣬵ĳ˵Ҳܸմһߡ
˲ǣ˱ȵؾʵȵؾǿ׳ǿȫά
԰˵쵼ߣǴʱָˣ䵱׳갫ˡ
ǰ£Դ볯׳갫б˺ͺʵȺﲢôܳԱ
ֱ˺ͺˣֻΪϰߣǷֲʱԼԵķǵһϰ߻ܳʱ䡣
衣׵ĺ˳ԹΧסǡ
ﶼԼߣľСľֻǴǴӳĲż
ΧסЦЦֻɤ˵á
ҵط£̧ͷˣ˽¡
кڽǰʣ裬Ͱְֽ𣿡
Ц˵Ҫסɽϡ
ȻŰСһ£Ժ˵ɽϵѾǺԶˡ
ɽϵʱ򣬺ǶסһѨĸΪǴһȼ̵ľţԴ赲Ұޡ
ɽǳʪģǵϾСӣᱻʯеĳӶҧ
ҲܳԱӣѬҪӦûʲôĶ죬ֻҪû죬ȺٶҲΪ׼Ĵ
ټ˺ͺǰײ㣬Գ˻еĳԣӡ
ĺɽּɣ԰˺˵ɽµҸˣ˯ڸڣܸģһıӣƤᱡ·
ڲٳûζĿˡ
ɽֲûҸЩɳ棬ô壬Σա
ûҩûиĻһľǿ
΢ЦŸǽ˹¡
Щ´ҲûʲôֻͨģƲгתϣýζ
ֱֵû˲վߴźǻط˯
ǻûǨǣֻĻط䡣
ȺǶ˯ˣ˲ߣϵ̨˸Сһҡҷ£óõľС̵Ÿǵߡ
⼸ɽϵӦòˡ׷̾˿
ΰҪ߼죬ΪɽΧѾˣҪٴ򵽣ֻߡ
ߵˣؾҪ죬ʮʱ䡣
һ˵ǰʳֳͺ
ΣգɽΣķܰȹӣΪʲôҪȥ
˵ǿŶֵס˵¾Ϳˣܵԣǡ
ǰ
Ǽ֪жѵãû˲ϲǡ
˵˿⣬һƬֻгڵķɢŹ⡣
С˵廹Ǻܺõġ
ǿǸˡ̾
Ҳͣ˼˵˵ҪԼեͣǣҪԸ㣬Ҫ˹úãܰǺȥˣǲܼ
仰˵˶סˣ󲻵δ
˵˵˵
ʣ˵ʲô
Լͷ૵룬󡭡
˺һ˲Ŵһ뵽ˣ
һǵٴο˵˵ǹԽã˾ԽǣǵܹԼ
ˣǡšָĲǡ
ˣ
ǲָָ˭
ˣǲָˣеؾˣס塣
˵̫ˣҪ嶼ɻӣǲܰȵ
˵٣˶Ĭˡ
ǵȺ˼ξ޴Ĵԭļ԰ҰƻǺǽӶȥ׳갫ĴԽԽ٣ԭнǧˣֻʣ²ˡ
˵ԺҪÿ׳ȥѵ˲ѵʲô˼ԼҲ³ˡ
ҲҪһ𣿡ǻ࿴ûм˵ȥ
ȫȣһƺҲôԽܡ
ͬìܴܶ󣬵Ψ
ǲɱģΪȻѹռ䡣
ϾԴôࡣ
˵ףǵⲻ
ǻ˵ɡ
ǰҪ峤ǻ
ǲ⣬Ĭû¡
˰⣬ҲڵõϢ£˲ͬǼ̾ͬˣ˲ᣬǵ̫ˣҲΪԼܱԼ
ؾǶԼֵзǳ֪ϵؾڣûж˼ºôڻڻϵؾһھʹӦ¡
ȫûҲĳвԺǺԼȥ
Ը㣬ǿ϶Ͳ뿪
ǰ£ûôѽܡ
ҶҲû뵽ڣоԸ׳ŮѵȻ׳Ůֻһ֣Ȼû˴ԣʱûˣ˻ֵء
ԸӦͺãҶ۳⣬ҪһЩըҩ
˴ըҩסԷʱգ÷ֵһЩȥ̸С
Ҫ֪СǸӲͷ鷳Ҫ޴ۣȴһջ
ҪǲɾܴӻúôǵȻͲôˡ
ֻҪóֵĶ㹻࣬Ĺ㹻̰
СܳõĴȥ


168 
һֳҶٶȷչ
ڷѵĳʹʱΧũǾʱʱΧ
տʼֻ͵͵Ŀۣû˹֮ҲѯԼܲѧ
ֻ֪ľѧ֮󣬾ȻũӰҡ
ũĺܼ򵥣Ǯˣȱʳκǣͨ㡰ǮˡС͵ͷͽôԱڴ׳˼⣬ڸũŮ˺ͺӾӶࡣ
µҪôСҪôǻԼֻвм
ǿó𹭼ҪͣǸӣֻҪ㹻ǿ׳Ҳ
ҪôıڵĹǳԣҪԵʵԴͨ˼ҡ
ǰûвʱǸ벻ҪԼ
˲ѵǾ뵽ԼҲԶڼҲȱһ׷ӵǮȻȥȫǾͰɡ
ҶûֹһϣܱԼһֲԼעҪߵģҪԼԼˡ
ΣҶۿôԶϣܰȵ
ЩķϵҲɡ
¿ѵĻĵҲصĳΣӲʯɾˡ
ԭҶۻﲻ̫ͬᷢìܣԽԽ࣬ȴûбһìܣû֫ϵĳͻȻżпڽǣ΢
Ҷ֮Ҳˣﻹûһռλġ
Ϊ˴İԷܱƽ⣬ũʱײҲڱı۸ĵλΪԲ¡
Ҳѵ֮վͱøˡ
ҶżܴӿͰ˵ؾһǰѵĿյأҲܿһɽժҰ˺Ϳ
ģҶ۳еⷴˡ
ΪѾϰ˳ȻԣѵţҲʹˣڳĶΡ
ˣվ̨£ЬЩϽţֲԸԼŵϣҿֱͬڳæ˵һ¡
̨ͬףӹԺ󣬰˲ŶȥԼЬ
ϵЬ󣬰վİԼӹ
ץϻЦ
ɽԵ֪ĺôǲ죬Ѿ׼ͷ
ԼҪֻð»أʸͨĹġ
ɽҰޣ˵ҲвһĿܡ
Ҫ׼ͷã˵ҰҲܳΪ
˵޲ͬͰСŸǰġ󲿶ӡ
ǿǰһŮתͷ˵
һĳȥԣһĳٷֳֵغѵÿ˶Ů
ѵǳˣмҲûһŮ˲ѵ
ǰ棬ʱʱĻͷЩ塣
ǾôˡЩҪΣգǱǡ
ԡͬƲƲ죬ûô٣ͳ⼸
ǰŮҲתͷһۣС˵Ǹʱ򣬵ʱǡ
Ǵһ£ǲٻͷǳȥ
ѵĵطھӲǧ׵ĵطҶṩͰӶշѣǴԺֵӯ飬ڵòǮ
ﳡ֮Ȼź˶飬ߴǰ󣬴ҵš
ȻҪѵ󣬵ճѵҲ¡
ҪڳܲɿǣȻŻѵ
վڲԶķЩšõһ㣬ķʮӹ˶ûչѵڣԽֻࡣ
ϾǹݶĺãǹôģҲûѧ̫ãֻȶϡ
ķһδĻƱϴζ
ӽˡ
ȻǴǮģҶ۲ûз
˲ˣûϸķɣûмأķ벻ǮõԼҪĶҲ̫Ҷ۵Ԥϡ
Ҷ۵ĹԱ˵䶼ǹ
ҶԼûдͳһֱ󣬾Ҷ۲ᳬԶ
ķʱ򣬿ľվСſڡӭӡҶۡ
㻹ˡķЦߵҶǰ
º͡
Ҷɨһ۹ķˡ
һιķǿŻǻƣˣ͸ͽ
ÿһʵθߴһһҵġ
ȫһװ£ߵģһ׾š
̫ټˣΪʳﲻ㣬Ӫס⸽ũԶһ嵽һ֮䣬żܿһҵġ
ŮԵҲһ嵽һ֮䡣
վڵŮм䶼ˡ
Ҷ̾˿
ڣѾûκˡ
ķûнУҶ˵һס֮ǰǶӣǵĻͰһ£ҲҪ
ҶҲЦʣķǮ𣿡
ķҶ۵۾ȻȻҲ
·ߡķЩƣҵȥϢġ
Ҷûţ԰ѹķ͵С¥ſڡ
ķúϢҶۻ޵ѵĻһᰲźá
ķ˸Ƿ鷳ˡ
ҶۿŹķţֱķ߽˷ţҶ۵ɫű䣬תɲǳȲʣϰ壬δôˣǶְɣ
Ӧ塣ҶЦЦһֱӶ֡
ƲֹҪһյơ
Ҷ۵ͷһ߳ߣһ˵ǻȥԽԽԼ˰ɡ
תͷ۱ߵĹķǣѯʵʱ֣Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ۵ƽȣɣͱˡ
ܲþͲҪôˣܻˡ
Ͼ֪ˡ
ҺԼݶȺȥͰźõķӣⶰǰ֪ģܴ󣬴֮ǰƾɵĳпԿݻ̶ȣǾٰĵط
Ϊڱ֮ÿôˡ
ЩơȴûڽⶰԺ¶ȵɫƺǲǵһοķӺͳ衣
Щɣ߽Ĳݶֿһۡ
˶ӶԷ񿴶˶Է˼
ʲôҪܸǡߵΪ׵ǰȶԷͷҲûжԷ׳վһһ˺һӡ
˵ͷҲЦ˺󣬺Ĳݶ׼˳ȥ
Ҫ뿪ӵʱ˺Ȼ˵ǸŮˣ
תͷˡ
ϵЦˣ̧ͷ˵۾û壬˵һΣ
ݶϵǹ


169 
ͷ˿ˣһ˿ɻ󣬵Ǳ̬ȼŭ
󣬸ոջ׼ҷĴҲͣ¶뿴ſڵǡ
ظһ飺ظһ顣
˽üǼŮ
ݶ˲γĺҵҲˡ
ЩӴ˾ôλ棬໥֮ͺʼͬˣͬ๲ѣʶصȫԱҲĿñѹȵū̥ǡ
ңǡ
ˡšһûΪԼϴǸ˵ôˣӦ׼ʮҪò׼ã
̲סˣŭʵɻģΪ
û£֮ǰΪжˣ̧һȫǰ˵ؾ壬ҲũУĵطòôֵܡ
ǵϰǮȻ˵ǵȻӦÿǡ
ӡǮ˲Ӧñͽᣬǰϰȫ˭Ǯ࣬˭ҫ
ŮˣⶼһóĶ
ˮһȻ
ҵǳ˳飬ǿѹ˵˼ǲṩķ񣬸Ҳûеطṩ
û˵ʲôȥҪͻģֻ˵߰ɣƺͰɣ
ңܡ
ⶼǹķǮ
˵ͷ͵˵ҲҪ
ʼգ˵ʱ˶죬Ҫ˼ѯʾ֪ȺľԻˡ
Ӧ֮˺뿪š
ԺҲ˿
Ȼǹ֪ǵĶٱȺһ֪ͽͽѪһẦ¡Ȼܻ˺󣬵Ҳ˺Ŀԡ
ʲô˰̲סˣ
Цһǵ˲ҲаŮʲôҸɡ
һݶЩǵĿҲ֪ôο
ǲݶЦЦû£ûס
ݶ뵽ԼڴӻĵʱЩ˿ɲŮ˳úòÿǱҰ޸Ұޡ
֮ͽҲЩ˺õĶȥ
ҹ⼸Ӧûᶯ֡ȥ·ֹסǡ
Ǽˣһ۾ܿ
׺ݲҪԷɴ۾ŬͿǵĹվһҲ룬һɼ˵ԸĮ
ݶĵȴ̫ˣĴˡ
Ҳ񡣡
ҺĶ̾˿ǹۣӵҲһٺõǹһһңܱ֤ȫˡ
˵İɡң˿϶зӣ
Ҳ˿ԶԶԣڣⶼС¡
ֻҪҶڣǾĹǡ
ҶҲ֪ķ߲ƣΪķֱӺԼ˺ǰôһöԷ϶֣˼ø࣬ϸһ׹ķΪʲôô
ԼԿˡҶϢϢֻг
Լǹ̫ϵ£ֵʣǮˣ
ҶҡͷڵӦòǮֻһյơ
ֻһյǹķԼģʱöһ޶Ķõ档
ȥԺ˸ʱ䣬ʻڣǮҶ۶ģĲˣôӦòǮǡ
ҶЦЦϣƷ֮ǰԼһյƲ
룬Ҷ۵ʣ㲻ͬأ
ŴôˡҶûףֻҪǮйأʲô׵¶ףΪǮɹοһʱˡ
ҶۣΪԱֶΣͲ̸˺Щ˾׵ֶΣ൱һơ
ĿĲޱֱӶ֣ܹǲ
Ҷɫɣ°ͣûʲôģķҪôݰɡ
Ȼ˵ĳ£Ҫ֤вᱻƻ񲻻ᱻˣҺͳȥȺˡ
ԡҶûоܾ˱ҪʱԼҡ
棺ʲôʱǱҪʱ򣿡
Ҷգգۡ
ǾѻѻҪĺ;Էӣ˼켸ҹֻҪûеõǹָ;Ὺǹ
Ҷ룺ǿвȫʱ򡣡
濴ص֪
ȥϢɡҶۣҵȹķҡ
ܺƽͺƽ
ҶڲΣգܱģûҪеա
濸ǹȥˣȴûߣҶԸǰƣԼĺ󾱣ʱʱȭͷᴷ
ţߵҶַҶ۵ļϡ
ܿоҶ۵ȫȻҶתͷüûסĻңôˣ
ûʲô硣
˵꣬΢΢Ҷʹļƺ˲չˡ
Ҷ³һЩŤֻתܾĺ⡣
˫գҶû̧ͷȥͱ飬תĻͷ˵ȥɡ
û˵ʲô˳ȥ
ټϢֻʣҶһˣʵڿȥĻֺͼƬƣſϡ
Լĺܰľֻһˡ
Ҷ۱۾һԺͻḡֳ
ÿμĸеңҲ֪Լôġ
𣿺ǲģ֪˼ʱ򣬾Ӧ̰ˡ
ϲҶҲȷСûǹһҪһͬΪԼ¡
Ա˵²ں˺˻Ůһ飬޹ء
ͬ˵ʲôϵ
Լϣ޷⡣
ԼӦĸ£ȷĸԼϲһˣÿ죬ȴֶĪûаЩ˵ڡ
һ˵ڣҪее߳е˵ĺ
Ҷ۰ͷӱ̧˰Լ
ǿԼתעҪйص¡
Ҫǹķ뿪λҪǱǮ

öԹ̧һǱ߽š
ؾһ𾪵Ŀżʮƥ˩ŲԶ¶ʱǲôʮƥһ㹻ؾǾˡ
öؾ˷ܣ˵ر󣡡
һƥҪöң
𣿡
ؾǻû˾ˣΨһԼͬ壬ͬûôÿͬɽֻҲòװɽġ
˺ܶƹСܵؾм䣬һֱڳſڣ˲ߵؾЩжΣգĶôߡ
׳ͷϱ˱ȣǸеؾҪĸ߶ȡ
ؾǵǲΣգһɵ˵ⲻܡ
ҪУΪʲôҪסǻֱӴ
Ƕð̫Сˡ
еؾ˵ǰɽϵʱҲ⣬ÿֻˣǴ֣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
֪ڿǣֻܣΪǴ򲻹ҲΪǶˡ
ΪɱˣߴˣٹԺ󣬻ĸ˻ؾЦ˵ҪǳǰһҪ֪Լʲô
ؾЦ
ûб˵ż˵ǲǵҲڶˣǣΪ֮ͲٴǮ
˳УܵõһӣӶǮ
ؾ²Цˣɲһ£ΪΣա
ǿ̫ˣСԺûͷ
϶ôģֲˡ
׸˵ֻͨһɽİ˺;顣
黹û׷ʲô˼̾ˡ
Ǹô죿峤ûΪپС
ãȻĿŰ峤Ҳֻ֪֪Σա
峤ıҲûȥֻ˵ȥʿ
Ǻ͹ԱǶ磬ǶƺԸǵԼάϵΰեͷ˶֪˶ʱ뿪׼
ֻа׺ͿĹϵá
ױѺУг˽ѵ̵ɳϢķᡣ
һ죬ɤӶˣ鸡߳УѰ״һԵĿյϣ˿ʯͷⴵ˴ȥ˵ǲòģֻҪס֮ʲô춯ҪҪ뿪ӡ
˵֮ǰ׵ƶֱӣǷĻǿ϶Ĳ²⣬Բԭӣ΢˵Ļᡭ
̫ѨᵱȻãҲûа취
ۿȻ죬ŷᣬЩʣǲǿˣ
ȻΪʲôҪѵǣΪʲôҪԼѲߡײ볬뿪뿪Ǵӵ˳ӷϻ˴δйİȫС
߰ɡ׼е˵߰ɣȥﶼУܶ£
ʲôܸɣҡҿ԰ᶫӣһܡһܡ
ֱðԽ˵ԽȻ˳ſͰ͵˵ûãʲôöûС
׺Ȼ֣ûʲôΪģᶫ󣬽ӴˣǱ˵ֵûУƽһǴĳ̶ȣ޷˵뿪
һֱľٶҲ˶ģǲûóдһߵʱ
Ű׿޵ôң̾һİ׵ļ򣬰ο̫СˣҲߣˣϤĻ㳤ǻʱ㻹ߣҾͰȥϰ˵
ο׵ͷ˵ɾ͡
׿޿䣺ʲôáʲôɾͣ
ЦЦûм˵ȥֻǴӶͳֽȥðϵˮһ߲һʣ벻Ե㶫ȥٸøܺòãҼǵϲâζġ
ײ֪ϲͶιԼΪյþȵʱ̫ˣԵľҪ³Ե£³˻Ҫԡ
ԷѾѸóԵĵ˰ΨһֶΡ
׻ǵͷ
ûҪ߷ᣬԼѾǸûԹĶˣûһĹԸԼҲԸܾĺ⡣
һҲϵڶˡ
ɫԶһƵľ죬ûãӿ£ܿСưô꣬ڴԵѾˣǴڷ絲ڣԼϵͲм
ڴ˯˴ĹķҲˣ˸ǷŲߡ
ķ⺰һѸӦе߽ڣźķ·Ь
Ҳ׼ˣԴϴ뿪к󣬹ķҲһ͵ϰߡ
Ҳۿɼġϴ˲ֹһȦ
ķסĶģԶԶʲô̬ȣû˵ʲô
ͰŸ½ǣС˵Ǿߵĵڶ¥סԶû˵ʲôҲûʲô쳣
ķͷ͵֣ո˯һʱһ˵Ӧ
Щǵʣ˺һסǻ᲻ʲô
ķΪȻˣû˱Ҹ֪ʲôȶ֣Ȼᡣ
ҶΪǮķԼһ죬ҪǮǺǮг𡣡
ˡķһţЦ˵ɡ
æСʣҪҪԵ㶫ȥ
ķҡͷãȰ½˵ȻҳԲ¶
ϴλȥ·ͺˣֻһյƣζֻһյơ
λ֮õȥ£壬ȻûйԸʣ㵱˹壬Ҳǹĵײ㡣
ڻ᲻ᱻ֡ʱԼˣм˷֣㷢ˣҲа취ñ˵ڡ
ķȥԺԽԽԼʱ̫嶯ʱ£˵ʵЩϣҶʱ˳¿
ô֣Ҷ۵ѹ
ǲõġ
ķ鲻ߵУȺڳſڵĹԱķ̫İ˰֣ԼϢҡ
ſڵÿķ΢΢ȻϢҵš
ķûиһ񣬾ֱ˽ȥ
ķ߽ϢңɵߵɳԱߣڶҶۡ
ķºҶЦһʱûι˲ˡ
ҶҲЦķҲϴιӢˡ
ķЦŰ֣ģ֪ӵ˭
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ͬѧȥζҪ·ֻҪ߹һΣҶ۾μסûг
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171 
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ԼʿʿţʿʿŲƽģ෴ǲ۸ƽ񣬲ƽҪǮܺˣһĴӣйȥܣǽµСԱСԱ˱ũˡ
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˯ɡϸ˲ٻţŤͷ˯ԼԵŮ
ģ³һȻԺҪӺԼأסǰȫġ
ϣֻŮҲ˸ҴϾǰҶ˼ңֻҪһɤӣΧ˾Ͷ
ŮǶ˯ˣǵ岻չ
ⶰ㣬һ䣬Ȼúһסһ䣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ͼԭķӣ˶Ǽһ˯ģọ̈̄ûʲôӻг
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Щ˻ͦġ緹ʱȻûһ˳ȥϴûС
ӦѾϰˡɯѪһ˵ϰ˰ҹӹȥԼӣһˣһˡ
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ݶӦ͵ƦåûʲôҳϿԡ
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ķҲڳ緹ֻıֱ࣬ǿ󵰱òһҹû˯ķﲼѪ˿˭ĵˡ
ˡҶ۶ķ棬йķ⸱ݳУҶۼֱǸүһû˯Ҷ۵״̬ɺܺã۵һѪ˿ûУķ𣿡
ķҲٴ۸̸ˣ˵ˣֻ֪ʲô鷳¡
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Ѿѳ͸𣿡
ķҡͷôܣҪǣ˭֪ǲǮߣЩ˿ûʲôãҲûе壬ǸһֻǮ
ķǲΪǮ߳ܵģ෴Ǯ١
ҶȻҲˣϲǮУҲûȱǮ
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ߵʱͰǮ˰ɡҶ˵͵ǰҸæ
ķĲŵؿҶۣΪʲôҸɡ
ҶۣǸÿ˶ᣬǮȫмҰģȡͷָˣԸ´㻹ֻ
Ҫ͵̫ףķ˲ͶˣֿЦЦȻҶĴָ㲻ǹصɣϾǼ׳ŪҲеϧ
ūˡķҶ۳ıߣǶ壬ͲʱһʮöңҪֵܼľһ㣬˵ʮ塣
ҶۿķķǰҲ
ķûʲôԣͦʵ˵ֻ򣬲˴Ǯ
ǮĻķѹɤţҿֻҪԸǾһʴġ
ҶҡҡͷϾҪˣο㲻ߣҲֵط
ķ̾˿ҶۻǵСҲԺеʱ䣬һ˵ҶۣҶˣǾ͸һΪǮԸһУԼꡣ
Թ緹ķҲѾĶʰ÷ŵϡ
ķĴûʲô񣬲Ҫôʰ·
ǱгȥԺ;ۼһΣ˺ðҲûҵϴ
һͷп˽ϴأ
ŷӦϴôû
ⶼʲôʱˣϴǲ˯ͷ˰ɣ
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ͷȺȥܿ죬ߵ˹ķҶǰôٴʱǱƾ١ġ
Ҷۿһ۹ķ
ķᣬ˵ͳ֣ʾߵԼǰ΢Ц˵ʲô֣
߹ʱһŭһ֪Ǳָͬ顱ģߵķǰʱıͱˣģҲˣķţȴƫҪӵĽǶȿķķҽĪס
ķĵͷʮ뿪˷ӣ
ĪȻ׼Ϊڣ˵ǣǲǵһˡ
ҶԱ߹˹ǣʲôҳϣеҳ϶ҳϡ
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ĪֽסӵǮܵǮĪ׵۾ͻȻɴʢ˿Ҫľϲ̰æ˵⡢Щǡ
ķЦЦȻϴûлǾЩǮȥ˭˭ˣԺҪǵʱ򣬻ֱ㣬ȥټ֡
ĪױͿԼϴˣķ⻰һ̾ͰϴøɸɾֱӰѶԷӴĨȥٴ˵ʲôҶһΪ
ķֺǺǵ˵㣬ȥɣҺϰ廹лҪ˵
ĪѹĵȸԾ߻Ⱥ
ҶۿıӰȻ˵˵ķջһ¡
ķֶ豭һڣϴĲҶԼû¶٣һȥر󲿷ȴͳȥġ
ҳԱһһĺڡ
磬ķʹ˳ˣȻĪװЩ֣뿪ʱûһ飬ûҪǵϴ
Щˣһᣬͻƴץס
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Ҷ۴ۿŹķ뿪ֱʧҶ۵ҰڣҶ۲³һڳֻҪʣµˡ
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Ǳֻܸɷֵ꣬λҲӵм䣬Ժ˴ģ˷Ҳˡ
棺ϰðѷֵ꽻˭Ӫ𣿡
Ҷ۵ͷˣ֮ʱ仹Ҫһ˴
ֻдûзֵ꣬ҶҲȥܲټǣҲ֪ǺûйҪ
ǵóǵԸһԸֵأһ㣬ճǻȥȢһϱϺӣǾеĺˡ
֪֪ǺȥĶ֪ûиĳ
ķԺҶۿʼƺˣ׵̫СҶۺϲҲ֪ǵ˷ֵ곤ģܸӣ֮Ҫƽ⣬κһƶܻѹ塣
޷ġ
Դൽÿ嶼òҪҲûˡ
Ҷ˼ú󣬴ÿҳһˡ
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ЩҪԼˣϣҪͬʵС
ʵò׼ĵطҲϵҶۡ
ڰףҶ۸ܸ˵Ȩ
Ǹ࣬Ϊʱľۼؾūôѹͬ壬ͬϿʵߣûоؾǵһӡ
ͬģԱҲûʲôøУҶ۾Կ͹һ㡣
ɯѾˣҰ֮ǰɯĻ⣬ԭλ桰ҡ֮ͬǰġ
Ҷѡ÷ֵĸˣ̸껰Ϳʼ׼뿪
ȻҲûʲô׼ġ
ֻСﶼЩп
ʱСֻ˼ƤӵĵڣСѾ̥ˡ
ʼСΪҶûֹԺܶ໹ûÿĹ̶ʱŲ˹
Сһ꣬õļҾߡҶ۵ıˡ
ĩ뿪ǮҶӲϵĩ
ϵũǶԺ
ߵʱҶۻ᲻ãۿСӻãӿһ˵Ϊ
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߰߰ɡҶҹڳе̨ϣһơƣѾȵЩ˫ͨ죬۾ͱͷҲˣ޹һ
Ҷߣʵ̫Ҷ۴ʱ飬λͱλû뿪λʱҶûвᣬΨλ⡣
Ϊʲô᲻ãףֱˡ
Ҷ̧ͷǿգȻʣ֪Ϊʲô뿪𣿡
˵ϲ۵Ĺ̡
Ҷ۵ͷʱ˿̣֮ĸңһ§סļ򣬸õ˵СҲһ˵Ҳᵽ۵Ŀ֡
հȺѪʱСһ˶ûУһǡҶ۽˵ڣѾģˣȻȫҵĹͣҹҲռٷ֮ʮ
Ҷתͷ
һ۾Ϳڵ
˾ƣʲôˣȻûɥʧǣһ΢Сͷᱻ޷Ŵʣϲʲô
ΪҾ㣿㣿ǳ֪֪
ҶۣǱ˾㣬㣬Ҳһᡭ
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קסҶ۵ĸ첲һҶ۾ԵĻ
Ҷͷ̱Ծ侲һ̧ͷʱһͷͻȻԴ
ʵ촽ͦġ
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ܸܵҶ۵ĺܵҶ۵ܵҶ۴ϵ¶ȡ
Ҷۺȶˡ
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ӦƿҶۣҶۻȥ˯
ôõأ˫ճȭƺҪ˺
۾
ճȭסҲҶ
ɬ˿Ҷ۵Ĵݡ
סһʧԼȥݽ޵ԨС


172 
վھӸǰҶ쳤˲ȥԼ촽
𴲿ʼ;Լеʹûѣϻ
Ӷˣ
Ҷ۰˼⣬ֻΪԼͷȾƴʱ򱻳Ӷ졣
ǰǱǻеʱȫȥΣ϶
رԳƣһһȧǿϵλӡ
ӶҶ۵ܿ׵İ۾һ졣
ȫ඼ЦȻǲЦǶʱҶÿϣܲȥѧ
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ҲɹܿΪԼС֮ĶȾ֮ϲ޳ܡ
ȶҲ£ϾľƷһֱܺãƺǿʲôĶ޹ء
ǰȶ˾Ͱ裬ֻҪȥKTVԣ˭ҲܸͲ
Ҳ࣬ϵõ˵ȶ˾ͰѧҲûöҪ˵ʲô
Ҷ˼ȥضӵ⡣
ûټھǰȥ˸裬˳ϴͷ
ϢҳȥԱǶѾ׼ˣԱߵˣͨѶҲװ˷ֵ˭ҲûиҪߡ
⻰˵
ԱҲԸ¡
˳̬˵ڷ˼¡
Ҷ۵ĿɨһȦȴûпǸϤӰ
أҶۿ档
棺ȥˡ
Ҷ۵˵ͷѾѡ¸λĿأǾλ档
276־λ档
Ҷû߳еţ˵ͷǾ߰ɡ
Ա˾飬Ҷûٶ˵ʲô򿪵ԣ˼ҶۻǰնõĿĵذԾ
ͺ֮ǰһķ羰ʼѸٱ仯ֻǵڣѾû˶Դķ羰ˣԱǿʼĶȻҲûʲôġ
ҶɳϣʹͷԼָ
Լ촽Щס
Ȼʶʲô˲վվһ̣ķ羰仯ͣˡ
ǵĿĵء
ҶߵߣԿƵĺһϡ
ǿƵľ󣬱ȴΧĻҪ¡
˿ŴأսϡĴ赲ߵϮ
в֪ʲôʱڵϵĿҶ紵ɳһ𱻴ߡ
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Ƭؿһ˿ɫʹĸɺͬ
Ѿ˻ɳĵز
ĿһӰһҶϿ
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һ죬ڵʱֻһɳ֧񣬵¶ȵĽºҲѣԷֻҰִһ롣
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ŮصҵǽϣȻˤڵϣĶͷѪҺҿޣֻǰס˵СȣϲϴҰ㣬Ұ㣬ңҡ
˶ȥסŮ˵ͷŮ˲ܿƵͷ
۵ޣܿޣҲı顣
ôңɿ֡
Ů˵˵ĻûϴҾʲôǡ
ˣĹ˹ǡ
ӵһУʲôû˸Һ˶Ҫ
Ҫж־ҲҪ˶
ΪͲٰѻͳȥˡ
ͲȥĲͣǻʲô


173 
ɳֻʣǼܵĳˣһ˿һ֧ǹ
Χֹг;лɳڱǵС
װġǼܡʻɳ
ͷһ˰Ӽûеĳ̽ȥһѻǹﻹžƬѵԶ
ˮûУ˳忪˺
һַֻڷϣһַֻŵһƿӣ˻ԺҲûˣ
ϴ˲ٱ˺Ȼ˵
˵ͷһſ˵ĺ󱳣Ƶʲô˼˵ϴ󲻶ԣ
Ĳ˵ˣĬſ
˰Լͷ
ȵˮˮϴ裬˻ЩȨƵ⣬Ůͷ֬ӲһѾУȻûˮҲ˶ɾٱͷǿ
ô˶ûˡ˴Ӷͳһ̣Ҳ𣬾ôţɣ̵ϲ֪ӡҲõȼ
ԶΣǳ˻ɳʲôû
ӾôĻɳǰС
ɫ𽥰˸ո˵ʲôͺȻ󺰵ͣ
˾̲ɲЩֶԶǰԶһεĽߣֻһ㣬û˻ǽªܿƣɫĵƹҹۡ
¡ʢС૵У
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ǵʲôûУǰиأѾǴȫˣڹȥֻܿմĲк
磡˺ǰй⣡
Զֻһ
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ǶȴŲű飬ͷ˳ӭӵǳȥɱɾͷһжΪС
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кһԱߵкȥ
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ȥɡкͷԼһ̧ͷöԷԼеԹޣϴˡ
Ҳûкƿ˽ȥ˫ֽճȭŲԾ
ϴ󡣡ɳϣֻһԡ۵˺з֡
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174 
峿̫ո𣬻½һѵÿʱ䣬ˣҲԶֻΧһߡ
ƶߵȴûôУæµһϣǴۡʱ
ǿ׳ʵ˰ѾõġƷϳأ˸ӣƷ¶ͷѾͷҲصˡ
Ƥڣ׵кӵͷң·Ҳڱβȫ塣
ȫǺڻңûܿĵһ²ǲٴĨһңûоӣֻܾԼȫĨϣ¶һɾƤ
кƿƤҡҡ׹ľţСͼκע⵽
ɫҴҵҲȷʵûעݳһѹͷһСӣæʰҹġߡ
챻ųӵĻֱ˻ȥкԱߵ߹ȴһҲûпĻҲûп߶ǽŲȴǾĵġ
˵ĴϢ
к߽һСֽճȭֱߵӸǰŰ־ٸߣٰ̯
пֱĲѾƣָ뻹ǿת
ڹ̨˴ӹϸ˿ҲûԴޱĴӹ̨һˮƿк۾࣬գҲգĶˮƿ
һƿšһƿǵˮȻͷĵݸк
кûԥһƿǻȥкͳȥˡ
ˮҪʳ
ȥһӣûпɽĶսӣ˸һľУľɫĸ״Ҫκ˷Ըкᳵ·߳ӣߵԱߡ
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кֻлϴĳֻܿһӰⲢ˫ڵ۾ųϵǸˡ
ֻǸλӣܻȥ
һĻȥ
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ʲôأһƲŮҡҡλεشС߳˰ҳɼѵͷؿͳһ鲻֪ٴεĿǣԺЦ˵Ե𣿡
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кûٿŮˣ־ÿˣһҲĶӣȥѰԼܸɵĻ
ЩһûüڻɳС

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˧ڵۣŽӦеĹ⣬ȻȣֻҪ洩ŵװͻܽܡ
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ˡվſڵĳתͷ˺
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ƫͷ޲һŰ
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175 
Ҷ뵽ܿܡ
ʵûеõ̫Ϣ
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ôϲȨв̬ĳԣӺѡ
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ҵ˵ûйҵĵطһжҪӡˡϻã֣ǲֱˣάҪġ
Ҷܹ⣬ܽ
˱ȡֺͽѹĹߣᣬ˵
ҶҲı䲻ԼȥһأԣܣΪֻܿϵͳʹӣطûκοɹԴ
ʣʲô󶼲ҳ
δԼеģֻҪкӦþͻΣˮҲܿܵȾҲ˱ģ
λ棬Ҷֻо뿪Ǯ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôУԼֻ㹻ʣûиһõĻˡ
Ͼڱλ棬ֻҪͶ̿ʼѭֵֻǽ˲Ҫţûзֵ꣬Ҳܻȥ
ԸһصˣܸṩһȶõĻ
ɱ죬ɱԺһϴʲôģ
Ҷͷһֻ⡣
ָ߹Լ
óĻǲϣҶ˼ٶˮΡ
ֻҪĿ
ֻǵϴһЩ̺͵ζƷ
ĹҲף߼βǹ߻𣬲
˵ľ߶ȽΪԷͽ϶Լ֡
׽ʱҶۺͺϴ󼸺һµ˿
ϴеͣ˵ٶȺﻥཻҶۣ276Ǳߣг𣿡
ҶûзϣҲںʲôˮ
ľѾڶ򲻳ˮˣܹھĿڵˮλҲ½ࡣ
ںԼˮ⣬Ȼˮڹ˺ȻԴźܾãҶǵļٶˮٶʱڲõˮѣҲʱٳԴµľ
ˮ֮Դ򲻵ֻԼˡ
ʱûкּۻۣ̽ء
Ҷ۳صϴЦЦ֪ˮ졭
ʣµĻû˵ڡ
صϴûоԼðֻ˵Ҫùˡ
ͦͬģϹһֻ֪
ڣҶֻҪԼ
ܿ죬ܼˡ


176 
¥ͻȻһǡ
ʮ׳ͷ۹۱ǱǹģԼư͡
ֻվɫǺ죬Ҳ֪ô˵ˣ˼ڴ֮ŷߺ޵һˣƽѪ˿Ҳȥ
ܿ죬ָֻƽȵģ
ԣһʲôԭ򡣡ܿ뵽ǸΪеĻء
սѾȥٶ꣬鼮ѾٻˣֻһЩػᱣȥĳɹ첢֪ʲô
гѾʧˡ
Ϊ¡쳬оǸػص֣ޱ˵׼׼ɣһˡ
ΪԷİѱԼϾܸǣû뵽ԷûͷûԷֱӰĺ·ˡ
Ȼ֪ԷôԴ˺ް취غֻϵûʲô꣬óг⣬ǱҲԲӦ¡ʢ⡣
ϾˮΣҪȥȱ
㲻ȱˮôܲȱΣζȱʳͲȱġ
һ޷ṩǵģܸģ˾ˡ
ˣ276Լˣỻȥ
˵ףԴ㣬ûԴ˾Ͳ£276Ǵ򲻹ĺģİСӶһǹ276û
֪ԼʱõͷˣҲûоԼˣݵ߹ͷԻ˸ϳȥͺ
ȻѾȷ˵ͷǾҪȷԼ󻯡
ڻ֪ҪĵĸˣӦòŮ˾Ǻӡɳϣվţ˵ܸǽ׵ľˣʲôˣЩˣЩҪһܰҪ͹ȥ
ҪõȫôöԷóԸ
ԷӣӣȻе˵׬ġ
ҲԼĿȿɫڻ˵Ժ˵ʵҾò˹ȥ
һ㶣ü˵ˡ
㲻ĸҲеС֮ǰش򽻵˶ڡ
Ϊһ쵼ߣϣԼµԽԽãȨԽԽá
ĸûдˣ찫Ӷθ߸
ûаԼȺͷǣǰԼ񣬻ĴŵȮȺǸսͷǣǲġ
˵ͷ
˿ĭؿ죬ֻҪɫһвͻ̱졣
ڻá
˼˵һֱڻǲڸ¡ʢȨ͹ȥԺ˵ˣֻҪ⣬Ϳ϶ð͹ȥ㲻ǽ꣬Ҳ϶Ҫ͡
꣬ûʱˡ
ˮ϶ҲϴǹӵҲǱһֱԸǡ
οǲ֪Ҫ˾˭ǲ´ˣһͰ˹ȥ֮󡭡
ǵһֱӶᣬܱѾ޿벹䣬͵ùһע׼ȥƴһˡ
ӮˣԶҲǺ£Ϊǲǽ棬гһ죬ǽأ
ӵ˶֪ǰû˸˵Լ˵
һֱͷϣʱֻҪ˵ȥܷ̫ƽӻܹȥ
ڼӪһԷչļ󣬾ǵĻĸһ־忪ʼͲԤǺܹܿϷ276ȻԼ˺ͶĴء
ûдһ˵ȥ
ҾҪȻС˵ǵ⣬ҪҲԼӴӼãܴߡ
ҪߣҲҪһʴġ
Ƥӵ£ǾҲס
ôзգԶǱȸ˸ġ˳׾ͱ졣
û˵ڳ˼
ѡзգǰߵķҪСһЩջҲޡ
ߵķմ󣬿ջҲھͿҲðˡ
ҲȰ˰Сʱվ߰ɣ͹ȥ
ѾͲٸˡ
һȺٴκƺƵ뿪˻ء
ʱҹûʼƶߵ˻˯ҲľһҼҵšձѵġ
͵ñߣƶûˣ˶ˡ
Ůȥ߹ؽСԷ١
ÿ춼˱ߣÿĻɳﶼһûʬ塣
ǵ⣬ɳһһ˴ڵкۼ

ҶһںؾܾˮԺ컹ֻתͷ
ֻһ̬ȳϿ࣬Ժ˵ǲõʲôϾҪúģַ˶Ҳûʲôô
Ѿ¡ʢ˼ٶˮ
·¸ģʱͲӳȥ
ٶ֣
ˣ
ǹӵ
ϸ룬Խϸ룬ԽǺڡ
ϾЩˮԭӦģ
Ҳ찲οԼǰ£ͲļҪסȥŷӣסȥҲðѳĵظһ
òȻʮ˵ҪǵΣա
˶٣ʵڲ֪ô֤ϾǲܺҶͬͬסģһˣƶԷš
ûһҪ˵ʲôһ
Σյġ
쳯ȥһŰɫ˴ͷ˳ᣬù˷ָ֣Ĳ䣬ƤƤϸ壬Ȼ㲻ѩףҪվߵ˶ֱܰ׵⡣
Ŷ̷üĿڣߴԼһװңȳ޳͡
¶ֱۣţļǻģΪ׷ͷһط
߾Ϊ׷ļ⣬ŵԼ룬򵽸Ⱦ˶ˣԲȻһ۾ܿ
ʣһɳơ
һˣ첻һСûһƤ
ԼҲֻǱ°ôһ㣬׵ʮޡ
쿴ŶԷɵ̨ףŴٴС
ԷǸһıˣôš
ϴ󡣡Ҷߵֵϣ濴Ҷ۹˵һߡ
Ҷۺ棬Ҷ΢Ц˵ȫҲģķ֣ҲӦ֪ǶǣȴԶǡ
û㣬ԭҲ֪ҶۣǴˡ
üҪ˼λߵıܾռϷ磬Ҷ۵Ļ뵽ĴУҶսź͵λΪҶ˵ʽȫλ߶λߵ̬ȡ
㲻÷ҡҶ˵Ҳ㶷ģ㵱ʵۣûϵ
⣬ҵĻȥҲĿġ
Ҷ۵Ҫʲô˵ǺĺãңкôãˣǵʧͲͬˡ
˵ʱ򣬳˶˳
ȻȺϵװ㹻˵ˡ
ֱø˰ؽڴһ֪ܻģӵܴϵġס
򴽣ʣ֪ʲô
ҶۣҶۣǿԱ߱ģҵĳ
һʼûҶĳһ¡ûгһ
Ȼ˳ԺΪԼȷʵûгһͭ
ڳϣ촵ſյűҶ۾ڶԷҲ¶һܵµ飬ϳ֣ɱ˺ܶࡣ
ЩҶ˵˾ռߵĶ˵ǿɵõܡ
ҲҶ۴ùϵȻעҪϵܱȹϵǿ̾Ϣǵ˷ͲˣʵڲܹյסĵطûС
ԴյЩûˣô꣬㻹ҵյҲת
οҲû޿յ˲š
Ҷ΢΢ͷݶӺ˼۹ÿǰһ롣
ֻҶŵˮ࣬ϻӣңִζУһǽʮˡ
ṩǵĶҲҪ֪ôáҶۣȻһҲˣǿʲôԶȥ
ΪĸؿƿĴҶˣҲȥ˵ȥҲûţ췴˵ʵȻУҲܱ䣬ҪǱˣϾͻ˰ҷˡ
ҲˣҪأԼˣЩԭһˣ̾ͻᷴҡԼΪǲøɻ۾ܣŻ֧ҡ
̫ӣôô
Ҷۣûȫأ
죺û㹻û㹻֣ǿ롣
ڰʾҶû˳Ļ˵ȥͬȷʵס
ĳܻһ𣿡ʵ
Ҷۣԣܹ󡣡
ҡҪʲô
ҶۣˣǲҪģ˸ңһҪطʳⱾ
һ㶣Ҷ۵˵֮ǰĲ²ྶͥҲҶߣûд
Ҷۣǻûлң
ҡͷǻʳˮļֵȶżҲԳ䵱ңȶ˱Ļصʱ򣬲ֵǮʱ䳤˾ͲֵǮˡ
Ͼں⣬Ҷ֪ϵͳһļ۸
ҶۣҪҪٽʳûڵĳ
ʳһ۸ܸߣҶ۱ԼٽĲۡ
ٽһ£Լǳġ
Ͼǻϴϴǲǣ
Сʱ㵽˻ء
صĴ򿪣أֻдֵǮȫҪȫҪһһơ
˻أҶҲٺ˵ü⣬Ŀܼȫ²ĵײˡ
ҾͲߡҶһڣҾͣ˳
ֵĿƶߡ
ҶۣҾҽ棬ԼҲϲĻ˵ⶼһҲסǵӣֻסڳ
룬ԼҶۣԼҲԸסڳġ
ֻܸҶָ·Ҷ۰ѳͣƶԱߵĿյϡ
ֻ˴ʱ䣬֪ɫȫŰźá
Ҫȥ׼ٽʳҪϢ֪ͨȥøԼȥҶ۽ס
ҶҲ˳
ϾҪڶÿ³֣ҪӦĻ
Ȼ֪ԼڰҶۻȥԼܲҵ
ʧˣվƶߵıϣɥʧ߽ȥȫȤ
ڲԶڰ¡
ϢɣҡҶ۶Գ˵ǻҪְҹȿǹúˣǹ㹻˺ˡ
Ҷ۶Ļûȫţˣֻ棬ûԼ
276ĵһϣҶҹδߡ

峿Ҷûθڳ緹һɾİ׳ǳɫţп㣬ʵСˣʱزŸո˯ƶڴɨǰҹġȥ
һˮҪ磬ʱ˲Ż
ڴ֮ǰֻܵȴˡ
Ҷû˵ʲôĬĿһУоڱһĵϲ磬аһ޷Ŵ󣬺չʾ˿
ûԼʲôأ
ܴٷѣȻ󳤴󣬵ˣҲҸ
ĿܾǳΪϴµһ֡
ܳΪϴ󣬵ø𣿲ģܻΪһϴ
Դѷ˴ǻõģֻάֻת˿ǲôҪ˿ʱܱȡ
һ죬Ҷ۶ûгżˡ
ǱߵҹҲǳȥҶҪϢϵ¡
쵹ûлɳ˵ѣϾҶôϸƤ⣬¶ڳ⣬岻
Ҳһ죬˼ʹˡ
˵ĵϣʲôõĵģ
̫δʱҶ۲߽߳ƶߡ
ƶߺ࣬˼࣬۹Ҷ·ʱҪСģΨԼȥ
Ͼ۹˵
ģҶԸ롣
ƶߵ˺ܶ࣬ǶҿҶۣΪҶ۵ĳģҪǣҶĸǹŮ
ǻǻվһ߹۲Ҷۡ
Ϊʲôƶߣ
ѵӦøĴһ
ǾôľֺĿҶۣƶߵϲ˺٣ֻеҹҹɫڸƶߵİ࣬ӪķΧϲ˲Ը⡰𽵹󡱣ƶһ档
һѸ߸ϵģͬʵѡ񫡣
ĿһֱѰ٣ÿһСкҶ۶ͣ½Ųϸ۲졣
˼Ҷ۶ܿ췢ǲ
ֱߵСԱߣСûˮضûˮСȫ
Ҷԭֻ뿴С﾿ʲô߹ȥһ̧ۣ۵ʱͿһڵС
ٶ
һվ
Ǹĺӣͺʹ࣬ߴ˰ڵϣ˫ȴںͷβûнйһ
ֻһ˫ڰ׷۾׺ݵضŰסˡ
˭ó赲
ֵֻһɵ


177 
ʵҶСʱʲô
ٳúܺã۾䣬üëڣͦɽǱͨͦģֲôţ촽ʵϸٴá
Ŀͳ˵Ӣͦ
Ҷ۵СʱӦҲúܺÿǰ۾СС̱ǣǴŮӦҲΥ͡
ôҲû뵽СʱȻӡ
ȻǴ۾һ֪Ƕģû⣬۾Եͻأô
ҲûаϸݵС°ͣһ㳤˧ӢӣƵϼ
̵ͳһģԲ۾Ӿ͸ˣźһֵĸ첲ȣ·ϵʱܱһ尢̲Ŀ޲ñڡ
ĺӣһ˫ڳĴ۾С°ͣܵС
Ҷ۴ϳһ𣬾;ӳøÿ
󲽳ķȥ
ԭҶǰ˷׷ÿס˶㶵ɿ֡
ϵкʱӴܺѾʧȥӦȻߣɽõǸ̫Сˣ䲻ѾһĻˡ
û˯һþҪҡ򡱣ҪȥɻˮͳԵġ
һܲ˯ĸСʱ˵
ֱҶߵǰˣ˲ЩվֱҲײĴ֣˰»ڷԣƶ񤵽ûе߳ڿҶðһͷ
Ը¶ӣϾ¶ӣԺܾ͸ɲһˡ
ֳƨɶû򣬵ʱֻܶĻɳ
ʲôʲôɫغʲôȥϴ˵ң
Ҷȴ˵Ļţָֻŵϵк˵Ҫ㱨
һ㶣ûϵ˵ġ
̻˿ƳªЦݣ˴˵СӲÿиÿģû
ѹȥ˵
ҶҡͷҪ
ҧҧ˸ÿӲϵļۣһбɡ
ڱץŵֵֻһ飬䲻һС
˵꣬˾ȥҶ۵ɫĶԷּۻּۣۻ۵ĻҲҧбɣһЩϲʵռвĶ٣ǸԸޱ
еּۻûгֻ֣Ǹῡչ°׵÷·ڷתͷǹŮ˵˵㣬Ů˾תöԷԼıѶó
쳤˲ȥ
Ҷóһбɣ˱ɻˮȹ֣бʳκͺֻһװٶʳ
˿˰һбɳԼȥӣû䵽ϣɾ㷢˳߶ˤҲҪġ
õ֮ڿҲȥҪ
ϾԷˣǸǹнֹһ仰û˵ָˣոҪѾеھʹűɣĵˡ
ҶҲѾߵкǰк˫ֳŵأôҶ۵۾
ͺһֻƵСޣ֪ԼѾȴҪӡ
Ҷк۾ԽԽ۾Ҫۿ
һֻèƴʱȫëѾըˡ
ʱкǻɳͿĨĺɫҲ֪ʲô
ʵƶҪ˵࣬һЩҺ⣬Ҳ಻ĶȥޣҲޣСһЩõã״ëӺ·ֻһЩŪ˲ֽ
ĶֻҪãǾѵõĲƲӡ
Ҷ۰к̫ᱧСӣӣݼֻбģûбСģԶ裬кݣֻһѹͷ²һ
Ҷ룬к£ԼıȻļһ߸һ˵¡
кҶ۱ڱѾȫɵˣȥװ׺ݣ۾ãȻ޴롣
м𣬾ûбôδӹϾĸˣ˶ûйϵԼĺӶôܶԱ˵ĺԮ֡
Ҷ۸·кͿʼŤ壬Ҷ۵Ļȥ
ûΪƴҶۿĺ׾ѹȥ
ȴȥϴ衣Ҷ۰һкͷЩ֣ȻûʭӺ顣
Ӧð˶ûʭ͸ˣƶߵĻЩ֡
кҶһ̲ˡ
ܴҶ۵ĶԷûж⡣
жϱûжѾкıܡ
кҲ˵쵱ԼưͣǷԼܲѾƹˤˡ
Ҷ۱кһ·ƶߵ˾һֱǡ
ûֻۣľĿţһСʯһܿʧ
кϷҶ۲˿
ҲͬһűŵϣԵƽкôҲôСӻ
ʶʱѾ뿪ǰˡ
ʲô£Ǵǰ£ƺ̧һ̧üë
ԭҲôСʱ
棺ϰ壬ˮ׼ˣϴ𣿡
Ҷ۰ͷԼ϶ϴɾ
⻰к̲סˣûбΪĥ£ͨСһ񣬷ǰСһϣҶʣҪҸʲô
Ҷû뵽ת˫ֳϥϣ΢΢ԼߺƽУȻ˵ʲôȥϴ裬ɾ·Ժ͸ˡ
ҶʲôкֿڷȴûУŴҵٲá
Ҷһ㶣ô֪Ŵ
ֻ˼롣
İɡҶٴΰкԡͰڷ档
ȻǺӣҶΪչ׼ӸĴڡ
Ҷֵۣһб𣿡
к˵ˡ
ӡǲֵġ
ϾڲֶͲˣֻϲС
һܵӲͨ
Ҷ۰кŵԡͰԱߵСϣԼ·
Ҷûȥˮ£кûвԼѣҾͰˡ
ҶΪԡ˵кʱ
кȴͻȻ˵Ҹ㵱֣ʲôУ㲻˯ҡ
Ҷ۲㱻ԼĿˮǺס
ʧ˵ʲô
к̧ͷ㲻˯ң̫ݣ̫Сһ
졭Ҷ۷סͷ侲˺һ˵ģҲᶯһָͷҲûֱ̬ã
Ҷ۲ŭ𣺡㻹ôС
кȴ£ٺӶڡˡЩ˲⺢ǲС޺ǲңܻڣȫ֪ʲôʱӣʲôʱƴ
һνΨһӵеľԼ
ԼǲȱģԼȫƿصġ


178 
Ҷ۸оܴӳûϴ衪ܿġ
ͰˮҶ۲Űϴɾ
ʼܣҪϴʱڰ
Ҷ۸ͷָ˸ɾͯװкϿһӰӣк·ƺȥ˿ף˶þִٲ
ԸȥҶۣԸ⿴棬ɳϣֻżãȻĿڿյĳڡ
ƶ߳кûյû˵
ϲ˵֣ƶҲֻ뵽ϲ˳Եñӡ
ΪıΨһӵĵطʳˮôôڶ̫
ȵɡҶ۸һ׿ƵǰڲܳԵ̫࣬ҪȰθãʱ䶼ҪС࣬εĶУθ˾ôԡ
Ҷк棬ʵ֪Լ˵ʲô
ǣϾûиԼûиСʱ˵λԾ£û˵ǰн顣
кˮ۾ʱͺˣһų嶯
ֱҶ˵ȰɣⱭˮ
⻰һк˫ˮûʵĶֱࡣ
ʱסҶۣ˯Ŵ˯ǰġ
ǰɳƴһŴ󴲣Ȼûк崲ҶҲǺܼƽ
Ҷۿ㲻Э߳Կࡣ
кĴһƬ磬̫⣬Щⶼûͷ
ǰһжʵġ
ΪԼȫ룬벻ǰˣ
һж̫棬浽Ⱦʵ־ٵù졣
Ǳˮƺû䵽Ķ
ӳҲûɹãƤѾһȣԼȫ⡣
ాˣСࡣŵкǰ˱һɣΪкԲķֻȳ˳Եһ㡣
кβҪȰҲӣﵹాòǺֱܳӵҲܳԽ
ĳಢÿ̻ʣʳϧһ׶ûзŹ
ӣһ౻ȡøɸɾʲôûʣ˸оȥϴˡ
࣬кֱ㶵ض롣
֪ʲôо˸оԼǶģٳԡ
ֻҪҶԸһֱԣֱΪֹ
ٳˣ˯ǰԺһࡣҶ۸кֽ죬˾ȥ˯
Ҫ˯ҾͲˣ緹
Ȼûʭ飬Ҷۻǵм档
ҪԶ׻ܸ֮档
кӹֽƺ᲻ôõֽ죬ǿԼ·ñ·Լֽһ㣬˺²ֽһСǣϸİɾԺͰʣµĲֽȻҶۡ
ֻٶҶһͿ
ɡ˵꣬Ҷ۾ߵк߰
кûճ˶һٷо趼ʧˡ
һҪƺҲûʲôźġ
Ͼ˻һӣûһࡣ
Ҷ۷µʱкݽ޻ȻʶǴ
˯ôҪôľ壬ôǵذ壬ϰ˱ӲġĴ
˯ɡҶһкͷȻ𱡱ϡ
С䡱ĳš
ϾϵͳƷľƳҲܸк˯þ
ͷҲвҶͰѴӺˣлϵͳܱ֤ڶǹ˹Ŀ
ϰ壬˶ҵˣҪҪȥҸӸһ£Ҷһ衣
Ҷһ˴뱭̫ѨҪҸӡ
̫Сˣסˣûô㣬һסҲޡ
ס˶ˣôҲζ·Ҳ㣬ȻеĹԱ˴ϤϾûѪԵϵ
ʱҡҶۣ׷ԺҪ
ҶۺȻ˵Ҹո˹ˣߵʱӦû󣬻ҪˣȻһߣһ˻ǲȫ
Ҷ۴ʱϸף޲ðѺӵһŵװףһնöԷð
ﻹҪ鷳㣬ҪǹҶ˵̡
񶷳Ҳᣬררһ£ȻҪŵ档
棺á
ϰ壬˯
ҲˣƶѾ˻⣬찲ĵطڳµǻص˺ƽǴڳƶѰ֡
ҵҶ۵Ҳˣ֪ƽĻȥҵԼϣϣúãܳԱ㣬סõΣš
Ϊ˴Ŀ꣬Ҷ֪Լеæ
֮λ棬ǲǮ뿪ġ

кû˯ţڴϣϸűѾƣ뵽˼㣬ƺ۾˯ȥĴּȿܡ
ûиǹӣûмαӣȣ˺޲ѹ⡣
˵Ĵñ£ЩˮȲģôŪõ
ҲûãȳķҲȵģΪӵĶŪԼູ
кͷŵϵζ
ñӰͷһƬУֻԼ
۾ǰðǸ˵
кһֱԼļܺãȷԼûˣֻҪ;Բ
ǼȻûϵãԷΪʲôҪôã
ûԵʵĺãкһֱôš
衱ϣˣ˻Ժܻȥ
Ըһ衱ҲΪҪţʱڸСԼȥ
Ƕ뷨ΪͬǱĶ顣
кԽԽӣֱ˯ǰз𡭡
˯Ҷſһۡ
ڶѾ쵽12ˣк˯
к˯˯ž͵ߵ˷ͷҲ˯ģ·ϣ¶˱ƽĶƤ
Ҷܿɼ߹ǡ
̫ˡɯһ˵̫Сͻȥ
ҶЦЦɯͷô˵ģСǿӦûȥֻĻ
ɯ̫⣬ᷴҶ۵Ļ
ҪһߣɯƲƲ졣
Ҷû뵽СɯԴĴףȻСġ
ᡣҶ˵˺ܶĿ࣬ڰź֮ǰǲߵģҲĴףʲô׿ɳԵģ
Ҷۺ˵Ƕġ
ɯ
ԱûסЦ˳ϰڶܿЦˡ
ҵˣҶ۵鵱Ȼͱˡ
棺ţֻɣҪҪеȶ۳
ҶۣУٷŵ߲ȥ
˰СʱҶٴιȥкû˯ˣڴϣ˫ûн࣬һĿͷӵİ֣һ⣬ûӦĶԼ˭
ˣ˾ԷҶʣԼ´𣿡
֪㴩Ь룬ȴЬɡ
Ҷûбֵ̫У֪ԼԽУԽǺ¡
кͷʾԼ´
ϵĴЩߣкƽʱǲЬҶЬͻǴˡ
Էʱɯһֱڴк
֪кôҲǰĺӺҪģĸߴݵϵҲò񰡡
кҲɯû𷢵ˣ֮Ͳˡ
ûԴ֧ŷɻִڣû˵ϻн𷢵ˡ
һԺĶ˲ɢ
Ҷ۷ָкٳԵܳԹ⣬֪
ϳɻһͣٿȵģӻ߿ӲܳԽ
к˲ӾͳԹˡ
ֱǸ췹
ôû˸ҶСЦһ䣬ȻſʼԷ
ȣԱǶûʲôθڣҶҲûУøǶ棬Ҷ۲ܳûֻͣǶ˴׺ǣһȽϡİá
ڳƬвУҶҪȥ̸⣬ҪѳţֵǼڿֵ˻ŵֻɯ
ɯֻһ㣬£ֵָߣ⳵ǷģһҲȫ
ɯͷûоܾ
źԺҶ۾ͻ·뿪֮ǰɯڳᱣ㣬Ҳ³ס𣿡
кû˵ֱҶظ飬к˵סˡ
ҶЦЦų˳
Ҷһߣɯȥ˳صӣغõĶƬ׼Լϲģ뵽ﻹһˣתͷʣϲʲô
кޱĿ
ɯͷ˹Ȼ
ҷϲˡɯ˻ӡ
кɯһƬͷһԱߵС̨ĥɳɯŸʣҪҪ
кɲ˵ɯ룺Ҷ˵θãǲܸԱɳԼԡ
˵Ҹݲ衣
ϲݲҶۣҶ۲ڣݲҲһ
ɯݲżԸ⵽ҫ
к쳤˲ΣȵִҶ۸ִɯԸ˵ܿе߽Ӵɯ˵ʲôİһ
˶һڣ˴֮ǰûκν
˼ƨ֮ɯҲǲˣֻܿԼĶƬ
ԭԸ⿴ӵкҲĿŲ˵ϡ
ҶǰĴӪҶֻ˳ȥ
Ǵˣʹ˴򽻵Ǹ׵ġ
ղԷԼʲô
ΪûеݣҪ¥ֻܿУҺҶ۴ûѵ¥ʱ¥ݾͿʼϴ
һֱԼڿ쵼أԶԼ֧ûо߳ܣܵ⡣
˶ҺáɳԺҶ˵
ҶЦЦûнӻ
֮⡪ұȶȴͳǣⲻǸ֤ҵж
Ů˴ˮ
ı
Ƿǳݳ޵Ĵˡ
ҶûǸӣ˿ڱˮˬĳһŶ˵ʳˮṩ㲻ᣬǲģԼҪȥĵطҲҵ¡
ˮҪʳҲǡ쿴Ҷ۵۾иҪĶ
ֻҪṩǣڻʲôԣû˸ҵ㣬Ժߡ
ʲôҶûһڴӦ
죺ء
Ҷһ㶣ȻһȫµĿ졣
ûϿһ˿Ц˼Ǽ˵仰
˵ҪأҪһֲҪ͵ĶзǾ͸ˡ
쿴Ҷ۵ı飬Ц˵ҶǰǲֲûҪûԸЩǡ
ЩأҪǲϹѪ죬ضסǵĺֻȥסСػĺһȥܾº̣ܲΪ̣ǲܻڣҲڡ
˵УҶȴֶš
̫ˣÿվڲͬ϶вͬĻƨɾԴ
ֻѡһ׵ģͳε·
Ⲣζľˡ
ҶûзĻֻ˵Ҫһƽֲ
죺Ҫһ¡
ڼˮʳ˵
Ҷ۵ıЩӣûˮ⣬ˮҲûеطš
ƿװˮͰװˮҲУͱֱˮ١
û飬ܿ˵ûжóĶ
Ȱܸĸ㣬ʣµĵٽ㡣
Ҫˣ˵ֱ׳޲ֱ˵ûǮҲ޶ë
Ҷ֪ԼɿڣȻһᱻ޶ͷƤ顣
ﲻˡҶۣ٣Ҿ͸١
üͷ̾
Ҷۺܿ˵ֲصļǮˮʳУڿޣֲҾΪˣҵҲޡ
˵ҶҪҲ֪ԼܱƵ̫Գ˵Ҫˮ
ҶۣҪ٣ýܰѾݺͶңҪһµʱ׼
죺á
Ե㶫ټ˵ɡ쿴վһߵŮˡ
Ů˴˸£ܿ켷Цݣĵ߳š
ҲûʲôŮ˶˵ϵ࣬໹Ǻϸ壬ҲݳˣϾ˸ԲΡ
ҶûʲôθڣãҶ۵Լӡ
Ͼڱ˵ĵ̣ӻҪģҶڣһ˵ҲһĶˣʲôھܸ˵
Ҷ۵̬ȣЦ˵ˮʹĶ㶼
ϾҲϣײȫͳ˭ȥ
߶εĽǿ⣬Ҷ¥
ֻ¥¥վһȺˡ
ȺȻûдѾǺƽʱݳ޵ĳ̶ˣҶܿͷ˺ŮˣϴԼ뿪ڣƤҲߵ˺õöࡣ
Ҷڡšм䣬ǡﶼǹԼĻʱ׼Ȧˡ
ȺҶۡ
һȺǽһֻ
ϴЦȴ׹⡣
ƺֻҪʧȥǾͻһӵϣʳ


179 
ӺܿҺˣ˲ǶûͨҲû̫ȱ㣬ھӣҶû˼ȥǴ򽻵ҵķӵҶ۾ʹȥ졣
Ӧû˲˼ӵġݻ ̶ȺĲ࣬еذשֻûеƺͳþߣú¯ûУҪ𻹵ղ̼
ʱ䣬Լٶƽķӱﵽһ飬䷿ڶ¥װ̫ܷҶ۾͸ͨݶͨװһţں䣬Կûܴ򿪡
ﰲװ˿յҾҲһ飬ĵذҲľذ壬ͳ˷שҶ۶°װϵͳƷĸֻ
ӼҶ۸ĳһݣֻҪ˲ȥֱֻӻⶰ¥
Ҳ֪Ⱥ˵ô㵽ôʡ·õ˱ǽ棬ϹһͬõǹһݲݣʱʱĿ¥ϡ
һҲͷǵĽǶֻܿ߶ƺڰװ
ЩҲ򲻵ɣͬ˿ĭ϶ĸصĴ
ƲƲ죺ʲô
ͬ飺ɣԽԽСˣ¸˵ôȥҪȥҪ˵
ֵˡ˿۸˵¸ôŪԼϴǷֵĶ϶ڶࡣ
ô֪ͬȻ˵еһ£ܲһ£Ҫһ죿
֮ǰһ̨ᶫˣͦģܿ⣬ǰû֪ʲô
ģڡҡĸ촫
ϴ˼Ǳ֡ĸСףɱҲףŸҪȻùˣûطˡ
ͬͷĿһ𣬷ڷźü裬ɼȵĻţֻûູ̫ĸ˵˵һ飬䰲Ϣ
ԵĵҲû˵ֱĹͷеָɳã⸽ѾûʲôˣڻҲ
齨أΪܾܶĻ۸ˣܳ䵱֣ڣûõ˻óȥһжڻ˾ܻȥĻϡ
ûص˿ԽԽ٣ͻԼ
ǰġѭѭա֮£Ҳˡ
û뵽ھȻиҵˡԱߵ̬ɣһָһ˵˵ϴˮ
˶ЦһͷҪʲôϴˮ
ˮԴޣʼԴŵʱ˶ͷȻͷĿǲȱˮˣϰ߰ͷȫˡ
һӻǹͷ
ˮʡ
վһԵԼڵĸŻشʳƷ
ʲôãȱľˮԷܻ߰죬ˮ˾ûˡ
ĸ˵ˮֻǲϴˮ⡣
±ð
˼˵ˮС
֪ûеأһѷϵأտʼþƾݻãƾ򲻵ˡ
Բ˭ư
ƨҿ֮ǰ𣿡
ҲԼȣ㿴ҲԼȥ
𳳣дһȻҲȷʵ˲١
Уǽʲôң
ЩػԼ276ûУ276ûԼߣʲô£ûãұĴؽʣҪô˳䵱ңҪôҩﲼϻʳ
ÿҪĶһʱΪĳػҪȥĻת֡
鷳ЧʵͣȷҪ֣Ҫʱ䡣
ô꣬ǴûԼֱ̣ӵ˵ĵػȥ
ʵǿ۽硣
˲ҪˣĶСĸ˵
ͷĿ࿴
˿ûбĶ
˶ûˡ
Ȼô˵ǵΪȴһ
һ£ˡ
š
ʲô˸˵һ

ʳҶվ£治֪ǴĶҵһѺɫɡɡһ򿪣סԼҶˡ
ͷűģһȺСܣһ̣Ҳһó飬ֻôʣԣˮҲҾҪԵġ
ҶҲװǹʵĹԱ̫ǰ˵£ֻ˵׼ҪĶٸһ嵥ʳˮ׼ܸ㡣
۾Ҷۣͨ⸱ټƤҿ͸¾ʲôꡣ
ʲô£Ҷʡ
Цһûʲôⷿ˲ٺöװɣ
Ҷ۵ûϣֻ˵ҪҲһ嵥
Ҷƽ⣬ûаƵĵֻҪۣϴͬ⣬ͽҶ
ˣأͣͣ
Ȼø߿˫Ҳó졣
Ҷ۵ͷС
˴ŴҶ۵ֱ˱䣬ͻǲͣ˵ѾⱲӿܶԴȻ˵УͲ͵ĳɽ۲Сظġ
°˶ȥҲ
һ˰嵥͹ȥؿҶۣס˵Ļֻˣ桭
Ҷޱ飺㲻вҡ
ҾûȻͲ
վҶĳǹͬһʱ䣬ߵȫǹ׼˶ˣսŵ˼㣬ֻҪеǣ̾ͻȼ
ʼգҶ۵ı鶼û񼴱ǰȫˣᶯһüͷ
ã˺Ȼһ̧֣˳Ƭ̣ܿ컹Ƿǹ
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˶ҶۣǾ˵ˣ֮ж㣬ȰҪ׼á
Ҷۣһᰴ˳
Ҿ͵ѶûټҶ˵תʱһһȺֺƺƵĴˡ
ȫԺ󣬳ŲԵС˵ôоǸϴһŶûУܹܸɶ
Ҷ۲޷˵ѹեײάͳΣȻҪǹĵͷ
첻ҲҶ۵Ϳ
죬ҶۼڲͷĿ˵
ȺԸͬ˵һ뾡ΪԼȡ档
Ķ֣Ҫ찲ŵ˼ʱֹҪִѪܡ
ЩĿ⣬Զ¡
ڵʱҶ۲Żص˷ϡ
æŷӵ£һкദʱ䲻һСʱƽʱɯģżҲ˵ϼ仰ֻǲô磬İˡ
Ҷæһ죬ô·Ҳʪ飬ȥк֮ǰȵԱסķϴ˸裬ϴֻҲûͷֻҪ˳ӣĶ̷Ͼ͸ˡ
һɺҶ˦һæµͷ꣬ɵԼסķ
һţҶ۾ŵζ
ߵЦ˳۾ͿһƽٴιЦݡ
Ȼкڳ棬֪ǴĶġֻɯø
Ҷ۽кĪһֽȸУæһԽȥ
һ棬ͺչҶˡ
һӦҲûʲô
ҶۿԱ߿иɯε̾˿
кҶۣ˼ʱ䣬Ҷ۶Լûж⣬ˣ֪ôҶۡ
ԷҪܶࡣ
ɶԷûϴ裬·ԭһӶԲϵʳ
Ϊʲô
Ե޹ʵĺã񲻰Ī־塣
Ҷһ۾֪϶붫ֱ˵ĵ˵ڳ׷ӣͰȥ
ƶйϵģˣҲܴߡ
ҶԼҪߣ뿪Ժܲһˡ
ȻЩܹ಻ͬʣҪһʱ䣬ܿԷǷš
ţԺӡ
кʱ䱻̫ࡰϲͷԣһʱȻûзӦҶ˵ʲô
Ҷ˵ҪǴߣһȥ
ɯȻٸ֣һ˵ˣҪϢ
ҶۿѾִɯӴ֮ǰĹϵԼҲǸɯദİ취ҲûоܾУһȥ
ɯڣҶۻǷĵġ
ɯĿккΪΪʲô⣬ʲôɵġ
ȥƶҲαװڱλ棬ʱŹʾζǷ˭ס
Źζϲˣû˸ȥǣǺӡ
Ͼؾôץ־Ƿַӵ¡
ǹ𣿡Ҷǳȥʱɯ
ɯͷˡ
кɯǹСó۾ĵɴ
ǺӣΪʲôӵһǹ
ǺɫСǹֽװΣ˵ǹһװƷкûôԼǹ
ɯ˳к֣ɣұ㡣
к
ɵĿɯΪԼˣɯߣҲãôţųĴС㡣
ֻҪԼҾС
к˳
ȷʵߵˣҲȷ᲻ԼߣȷǸ˽ϰ˻᲻ͬ
ǲǸϰΪʲôôá
Ϊ⣬жóٶۣʲôֵõĵط
Է˯Ҫ٣Ҳ׼Ȯ
ʲô
к˺ü죬벻սսȴԸⱻκ˷Լ
ʱΪ֮ǰһжξ۾Ƥݡ
ɯƶߺܸȤǰȻʱ䱻ڵؽڡֵܡûг֮ǰﱼܣӴܣȻԴԴϵĸѪṩѪūڣһ
ûκαװҰһ¡
ɯߵȺм䣬ĿЩŮŮ˱קͷȥ
ɯͣˡ
һӣļ¸֡
ǰǱµʱ򣬿ҲһŵӣֻӸС˱ؽȥֻ壬ϳȥʱ֫һֹķȥ
ڴȥȴѾˡ
ɯתͷȥȴΧһ޶ãߵκ޷
㲻𣿡ɯߵԼ߲ʡ
кתͷƺʲôһ˼ƽģԲ̵˵޹ء
ɯĿ
ǵҲѪūǱҲЩĵؾˡ
кԼشʲôԡ
˶ôģǿ۸СģС۸Сģôһȥܻȥ
ɯûʣԼ˽һ㶼˽⡣
кߵһƤſڣõľŰţ洫˷ܵĺǳŮ˵ĲҽС
ŮʹˣѾʧȥ˿ɽסƤݶǿΪ˽ѣֻܽõĿˣÿ죬Ѹٿȥкһס
кƿš
ֻл谵ҡҷĻ⡣
˭еתͷİΪ˷ܶͨ죬ͷ鴤ţĹԵƤĹ
£Ůͷңˣļţһ˫סԼ
ɯ̽һԴǸȫ͹ˡ
˳Ǻȥ
ĶСӡ˵ûʧȥǣֻ˸ߣԼǲ
˷еſȥ
ɯ˿ĭ
ûȹѪǻ˵ĻӦÿ԰ɣ
ϰ岻ɣ
ҪɱұܡɯС˵ҿΪŶ֡
кû˵ʲôȫĿ˳߹ȥ
Щ˶ԿÿһζǳǺ޷Ӧʱ֡
⼸ĵӣԼ淨
ɯ˵ΪͬˣʵҲû̫ᡣ
Ǿ˿Ҫߵǰʱɯԭվſڵƽ˷䡣
Ƶһ̣ŵתͷ
ĵطˣɯԼҲӣš
ҲûⷢʲôͿͻȻðһŮ۾һҪ˵ʲôŮ˳һԾǰ˫סļ磬һҧĲϡ
˷ʹ˻Ů˺޷
ȭͷȥŮıͷͬá
죬û˻Ƥڴ
ܿ죬ʧȥҡҡλεĵڵϣƤѸٱûҰס
ɯҲˣθϾޣֻź̧ͷ
̧ͷĵһ¾ǳӦҵģұܡ
ޱ飬ȫӲ
ʲô

ɯ˰죬ǵѪĨȥСͳֽϸϸİ߲Ѫղɾ
ɣбûеĻھͻȥ
ɯʡ
кʵʲô
ɯ
ڼҶ۵Ķ
ҡұȥʵ飡ɯѵء͡ҵ
Ժתƻ⣬ָŵϵŮˣǲǿˣ
Ůɯ֮ǰʧȥʶ
˫´¶˵
һˡ
ǰ۾


180 
˺ܳһʱԶڿʼ˼Ӱ࣬Ҷרһǲϧ۵ҪŮ˾Ȼ
ҵǣԶֶΣҲֻܱסŮ˵⣬ҲܵػԶͨﵩΣգۻûбס޷װۡ
ǿֲƤԶԴһһһҹк˵ʱܳҲȷһָܻĺܺá
кڴϵŮˡ
ʵĸҲϡֻǶԱƶߵˣѾǺ׽ˡ
ǽӴʱ򣬾ǺıӡϹȡˮʱ
˽Ҳ˽
ȡůĸֶ㲻ϡ
Զף״̬ԺҲҪ赼͸Ԥ
кͷʵɥ׼ʱҲðˡ뷨
Ҳͳ׽ˣ̼ñ˼̤
Ǳܣ֪ԼҪ﷭һӣҲԸȥ
ܻ˭ȥأ
ȥԷɣȥϢԶժף뿪˷
һ³Ϳ˵ڳҶۣ߹ȥ˵ȶӦò£е˲ѪȻôĴڣû͹ƾûˡ
ҶüԺֵıʱͿɡ
˵пڷԡ
ԶҲ̾˿˵ʱã˶ֲ
Ҷ۳ЦЦκʱһūۺѹեصĵģˡڻӣԴϡȱʱ򡣡
û°ɣҶʡ
Զ֪Ҷġ˭ͷ˵ͦƽģûʲôӰ죬ǿöˡ
Ҷ̾˿
СĻѾ¼ֲˡ
οôСԼܻܲȥҪʺţôܻоΪ˵ߡ
˵ҶۺԶߵ˳ĽڽλӶ֮ǰѾصͳˡ
Զû˵˾ʮʵһΪʲôνΡ
ҶЦЦʵǸˡ
ֻûǵ㱾ᶼ㡣
Զף
ǺῴûĶˡ
Ҷعɣ
ԶףԼԸ鶼һ֪⣬ͲҶۺ·κˡ
ȥϢˡԶ״˸ǷһһҹûۣҲŲסˣϰҲϢ
Ҷۣȥɡ
Զȥɯ
ɯʲô֪ʲôû
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Ҷ۲׼ѳкԱֱӰϾǵô
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182 
ƶԱߵĿյϣǼֵķѾ룬һȴªСյϰεضһĹӾ͹ƣˢᣬһҹͻȻ֣һֱڡ
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סŮ˺һԶס
ŮȫˣԶ׾Ҫᵽ˵ķȥˡ
Ͼﲻĵ̣ûԼͥΪλ
Щסµ˻ȥ˳УǻǸԸϤĵطϾԱᣬȥĶУϺȵ֡
Ůæ˵ʮȦ
ߵߣߣļ򣺡ȥ˵½ɻˡ
ɡ֣Ůץס˳Ҫջȥֻ֣ŵ˵ҡܸɻʲôУпڷԾУסҲԣʲôԡ
ˮгԵģʲôС
İɡѾ֪˶ٴΣȻ˵˿϶Ҫ㰲Ź·Ѿ˵
Ů˻㷲ĽĿų档
ôߣô׳һ֪ǴСԺúȺġ
þʱ˶ûʱ
淢Ů⼸Է˹˺ܶࡪʼʱŮ˳ԷǳԣԼ׽üԶײڣΪͬһ㣬Ů˳ˡ
µϣһߴԼ⣬һ߿³ʳٳԻȥ
óܲζ
ԷŮ£ȻҲֻӵĽ벻óҪԼҭ
˷ŮԼӡ
ֻǿ˲СʱĶԽˣŶԽȥ䡣
ٴγŮ̿
֪ΪʲôŮ˾̸ݿ϶Լйء
šԭλϣ΢Цţ˵мҪȥ죬㣬ҲҲʵˡ
Ůæ˵ܰ죬һܡ
棺ģǵĳпҵˣ֮ǰ˵е˼ҾͲ˵һˡ
Ϳҵˣֻһֱûй˿ͣûԸȥ
ҪƶϤˣȥȥȰȰ
ŮС˵ʲôûУûжȥ
ֵĿôûУаɣаɣõĲҲУϵͷĴӣаɣûˣҲŲڡ
Ů˲ԣЩֵǮ
ƶߵ˶ӵеĶôֵǮõģôܻõʳ
ʳǳˮĶ
̾˿ǹ̶˼άҪȷʵҪһмˡ
Ҳ֪ǣǲǻˡѭѭգҲʲôԲԣ
ȰȥȥˣҪܻʳҲھ˱ˡ
Ů˻㱵תͷ档
ˣûֻ벻ϳȥ
ͷһõġ
Ҫ֤ԼõģֵӺЩʳˮġ
ûϴ裬ֱ֪ϴʲôоˮԼʲôоһϴʱΪ̫˷ˮһϴһߺˮ
ǲԸϴ裬ֻԸëմˮ塣
Ǿô˵ˣȥ⣬²˵Ӿ磬ȼڲ輸˵ӣⲿ治
Ů˲̫רĵĶĻԼӦøȥ˭
ʵƶҲû̫ˣ˵
һ磬컹ûȫ硰족һЩʹŮ˳ˡ
Ů˽£֪Լôдֻ֪¡
ʵΪûĻʶֵǼɽǳ󺣣»˵ʶˣʯͷ
ҲŮ˴ĵڷΪ˲·˸
±¥ϱе㾪֣ҲĪĸоЩҸ
һϲסŲӣܿ췢֣Щ˶ûпڿ档
һ޶ãڲתͷԼʱʣôˣ
ҡҡͷתȥ˫ȴ΢΢
̫̱ˣһη֣ԭϻгˡ
ƶɰʱ䲻Ѿʰ˶صƤ˯ˣ·Ҳ˯ţɰ
ɳƵ˵Ǹӣסʶ
˾䣺еŮģ
Ůġ͵ŮȽȥ˾͸ˡ
ȽȥŮ˲һҡ
Ժ˵ŮģŮġ
ƤǰȻҡҡ׹ľš
Ƥڹ˺ܾòŴ
һŮ˶߶˵ҸˣҶˡ
¶Գ͵Ǳѡ
ͷŬ̧ͷ˵ң£
ֹ˼룬˲Ŵš
ʵҲûֻжţҪ򿪣һž߿
治ôɡ
Ůȿ˸ߴĳ棬һҪ˻ȥ˵ڡ
Ůľսؿڿ¡
㡢ôˣŮ˿ĭĿûжµĵģֻп־壬ǣǶ˵ˡ
ӱԻˡŮ˾ܾ鷳ңҪ
£סĵطᡭʱˡ
Ů˿Сʣ㲻Ҫɣ
һʼûʲô˼
ֱŮ˵Ƥݣµɫ˵ĶԻ֪Ů˾Ȼ²ļҾ߶Ұ˹
ȻֻȳȵӺһűľƴӳɵӡ
棺
ǵĹϵûǻ
ҴΪ𺳡


183 
µġҾߡƤɼªĸոסˣǺʵأûеذ壬Ҳûдֻһ鱡Ʋڵϣǿǿ˯˵ĵط
ƤһۿȫòȳȵôҲȣ϶ҪѾάƽϣ岻õҵһֵĽǶȣԼȵȥ
ûˮûܴ͵ĶŮ˿º˴֣˵ϣͷ¡
ҿ棬С˵ˣҪҪ߰ɡ
¿۳صݡʱ
Ů˸æʣ㲻ˣã
۾Ȼľ˼ֽǲͷҵˣ㿴ôҡҪҲܽȥģʲôҶġ
ҡͷ˵Ǹ˵
ŮʧġŶһҲֻʧѣϰϣգʵʱҲûжٿܡ
Ǳ߿˸֪֪ʵʱƨѾ˵ĳʵȥˣվһվƤݾԵøӱơ
Ů˾ֵĿų棬ڰ֣Ǽ˵ùҡ
°Ů˵עĶ٣ڻûȥȥԵġ
Ůʶ¾ʲôģ򴽣С˵ûʲôȥȥ˿϶ҲҪϳ
˵ʱŮʶĿﱻƲŵľ
ŵľȫƲ
ɣЦЦ㻹ϲǶ
ŮεûоţƤݾô󣬸ز˶Ҫһ۾ܷ֡
ŮˣôҳԺܾˡ
óȥ˱ģԲôãԼᱻ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ʲôڸζֻҪܳԽĶǺö
£߰ɣȥ
Ů˾Ŀ£ΪڳҲ˵ʲôĻֻЦûڲһˣ϶ȱԣ㿴ңһ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱҲûôõû˻ҡ
һҾܶ졣Ů˾ִٵЦ¶϶󣬴Сһݡ
ƶߵ˿ûеطȥ˵˾ûˣˢıǮûУݶô
û֪Ůûзֻһʵ
ƶ˶֪ԼҲǴʲȻ
ڡˡǵãڼڼǽпδƴһУһеҪȥһ̡
ȻȰˣҲͲӲȰˣԳ˵¡½㡣
µ˼ߵƿƲһ
ϴЦŮڿƿƲʱͷˣһԼͳ֮޴೯ų˹ȥ
£Ů˼ţ嶼˳ϣͼȥҧָȥӣþܹ˵Ķóľ
ȫڳ濴ͺ࣬滹ŵڷûʲôо
ֲ̫ðŮ˴ԼϳȥϾС壬Լ΢ͻѶԷĹͷϣֻܹŷһܴĹҼߵƤſڡ
ŹվйȵЭûзҲȵһ
ŮҲûڳϹҶãӣΪ˵ϡ
ţ־סԼȥκˣȴɭȻĶҶ㣡Ҳ㣬вţ
Ů½£̧ͷȥµÿѾסˣ㲻ˣܹΪʲôҪңûк㰡û㰡
ľһУԼǰûдµͷŮˡ
Ȼݳ޵Ĳ̣ϸ˵ȥ϶ܻʳ
ǿʹȥץסŮ˵
ûɺ㣬ԲԣѾˣҲûôѣԲԣ
Ů¶һЦǿ޵ı飺¡
Ļû˵ͱһֻǿӲץס˸첲Ȼҡҡλεı
һȥʧȥģôĥĥʲôʱȥ
棺ģҪǻû࣬һ㣬ЩҲ㡣
Ů˻ӲѾùˣǿȺĿ־ٴռϷ磬߶µصͷأô桰ץ˳ȥ
ҲŹ뿪Ƥݡ
뿪ʱϸĵİŮ˹ľšľŻһƾͻῪ
ȥе·ϣŮҪܣǾ룬Ҫˣֻٶ졣
ûҵܵĻᣬҲûܵ
ţȴȥ޳棬ֻתͷԹ޵Ŀⶢ¡
ȴһ㶼⡣
֪ŮʲôΪҲôģҲô˵ôȰֻҪûۿ¾;Բš
ѾûлδˣֻܿǰĶ
ϲ˵޴
»š
һ¶ٷ֪Ķˣôأ
ôõıǿоԼĴһЩ
Ů˾ôЮ֡˳ſڣ̤ϵһ̨׵ʱԼҪˣ˵Ŀ־ȫģǻʹȫ
ĵطȥģҪ˺Ҳֲ
ƶߵѾֻʣһƤѵƤ
̤ϵڶ̨׵ʱŮѾľˣ׷˼
ǰȴʲôûѵǾɣ˳ˣԼȥȥȥ
ǹᴩƶߵĻɳνˡ
ŮˡƮ˳УоԼѾϣƯϿŲ
ˣݶӭ
߳ͷĲǱˣǳ档
ô㰡ݶʧˣ̾˿˵½㣬ڻһⶼûУôȥҶ֪ô˵ˡ
ò𣬽ûнչ˲ѵԼҸӰԼȥ
˭˵ûУ泯ԱãñסŮ˳˲ݶǰ
ݶϲĵɴ۾æǰ˼Ů˺£οһȦ˷ԱСϣոճûûüȵԲ̲衣
Ⱥţݶ첽̲ùɷ˵ŮȻŮ˵ȺĳƤɳϡ
ֱһ̲Ů˵»صԼС
Ȼʶʲô񿴹һĲݶһۣھ˰ƿ̲ĸӣӵܣ̲ԲԼ
Ů˳ζûϸƷֻ֪Ɑ̡𣬻ܳԵĶ
ȥǿ϶סģǶͷҪöͷԼĶ
Ů˱ǺסˣȴҪԵʱסԼ죬Ψһ̱Լȥ
ǿѹſԵĳ嶯СĿ˺һƽ
ôһȥܶһǮݶŮЦЦ
˵վȥ̨ɨ
һܴСֵ١
ΪػַǰԴСҪ
֤Ժ󣬲ݶʹԱ߹óһֽҡ
˵ֽң˵ȯҶרŵĻԭģûα츴ơ
ЯͲ䣬ҲǿǵƶߵһԼЩֵǮĶͻȻֵǮˣȥ͵
ôȯײ
ڲ˽ͣݶҲˣԼһЩǽ߳ɣ
ЦǮȻߵСΧŮǰֽʵݵŮǰֵЩǮ
ʶְɣݶʡ
Ϊ˷ֹ˲ʶͬ۸Ĵȯ˲ͬɫ²ʶ˶ֱܷ棬ֻҪͺͼǵļ䡣
Ůӵػشʶ
ݶЦЦš
Ůʶֽ̧ӹ˲ݶĴȯ
ݶ˵ǵһ˿ͣȥ
˵꣬ݶվһԵŮվŮ˿Աߵ£Щò׼ոԹºڣΨһϤ˾£ֲɱҪ
²Ů˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ˼ٴγŹվŮ˵Ҳ㡣
Ҳµһι䳬С
ԼҲ档
ΪͲݶסͬһ£ھԼͲݶһģָоȫУһԼҲԳеεĸо
Ůм䣬вмֻŻܣ˵ȺǽҲлܡ
ľʳƷƷʳƷٵöࡣ
۸šݶָָۣ㿴ˡ
ֻǳڲũƷ
ڳﲻЩʳĶǼӹõģЩз׷һϵĲƷˮȣܳԡ
Ϊǵƶ߲ҲûЩҪĶ
ЩԼġҶ۵ĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ҪǮЩͷĿˣû죬ҲǻϴԸ⣬ûҪ˹ι衣
ŮǴֵͿ־ڿ෱ʳƷ̱׵Ժڿ۸󣬾ͷİʳƷԼǲݶȥ˸Ϲһһߵ
¶߲·ŻϵĶ۾졣
ôõıܿԼŮһɨĳ嶯
ݶ»ϤЦŶ˵ǰҲ
⻹µһݶǰ
Сʣǰ
ݶͷǰ£ЩѾΨһǵþʱ£ʱ˱ڿѿˡ
֪ʲôʱʼ˿ʼЦĺ˵ǽ͡
ݶ̫ףⲻ˵ĳ羴˵ûңʱֻǿ챻ˣ軤ţá
ûбݺͷۿһݺ˰Լʳʱ򣬱ʯͷҲͷˡ
ȴã˵һ㡣
ʹԶȲ϶ӵʹ࣬ʱ򣬺޲ðԼԵ
ߡȲҡŮڲϴɨ
ʧ»صϣ֪ΪǱ̲軹ǿʳĶ
ͣµʱ򣬾Ѿ˰˸
ȷôࣿݶڽ˵ʱȰȰôණȥĶ˿ˣĺڵ
ŮһҲǣһʳƷÿһƺĶһʹǲݶ⣺׻ģκͺЩľУЩԶһ㣬Ҳôš
ֻˡ
Ա˵Ұûȥɣݶúڴӡ
ƶߵ˿ܴӳųȥҲǱϳȥģⲻζܷŮΣա
гȥƶߵûۣ֪ʱǲŮˡ
ŮҲгӣҪҲ֪Լ뱣סЩҪٻ
ŮһǳһŵĲƶϤĵϣֻһΣĻ㱲ΪΪϲã͵ƤǰʱŮ˲Żع
棬ڹ˵лл
治İڰ֣Լעⰲȫʲô㣬Լ֪ô졣
Ů˵ͷҪ˵ʲôͿ·ԡ
ֱ뿪Ů˻վſڣþûز
֪˶ãŮ˲߽ԼƤڣǸմһξصںϷ
ոյһж⡣
ڳʱ򣬿־˷һУƽ޿ɱĿʼ˼
һֵ٣
ô඼ٶࡣ
һܻôණ
Ůߵϴǰڴ򿪵˲վӵסľźߵϴǰ
Ķôࡣ
ڵϣֱ˺εİװ׺ݵسԼȥ
ˣ
еһٷҲˣ
һκŮ˺İװ˺ʱͣһ¡
ڸǸŮˣԺܹ˰ɣ벻ٴƶЩĵġˡ
Ů˵۾ЩʪʵҪҧ飬ǿҵļУһˡ
иˡ

ֻܳһҶ۰ıߣѭѭյٵһʱ䣬ȫˣôԶ㣬ӡ
кҶۣͷ
кˣˡ״̬һӰӡ
Ҷ۱ţûסգЦ˵ԡ
кԼҶ۵СȻᣬЦЦ
ҶۣȫˣҴְɣƽʱû¾ͺһ
û˼ලҶۻһֱѵ֪Լһи裬ˡ
˵Ҷ۾ȥġҵѧд֣ƴѧĿ죬Ѿѧˣû꣬žˡ
Ҷ۹ȥţſڲݶ˫ֳϥǣͷҶۣе˵ɡˣСС
Ҷȥȥݶ˱ˮݹȥʱ˵˵ôˣ
кҲ˹ȥվҶԣʶǣסҶ۵°ڡ
ݶҶ¶õЦݣˣڼˣ
ҶЦЦ⣬˲ôҪˡ
ݶæҡͷ಻࣬Ϊ˰£˵ࣿ
ޱĿ
ݶ
û뵽޸ôСʱ򣬾Ѿϲŭɫˡ
еѧأ


184 
кʹӴ˽£ƺѾϰһС
ЬȥԡңÿһͻȻѣ˯ʸûаϵֻҪ۾һǰѡ
ϴˢ֮ϤĿƬ̽š
һԡҺȻСࡣ
кͷĵȴţֱһַֻͷϣһѣŰͷ̧
ͷ˯һ˸žӳЦϴɣȥͷ㡣
ⳡԻÿ϶ᷢкҡҡͷϴˣðɡ
Ҷۿ۾ӣżͷԼЦˣһԼͷüˡ
֮ǰÿһޣ͵ͷٶȾͿ죬ֱӴ˶£Ҷ۰ͷӶǰ۵ԣվӣȻͻе˧
кҶԼʱ뿪ԡҡ
ͺһߵʱݶҲ͡
ݶޣϾһʱѧĶǼ͡
μ嵰ЩðϹ˳ܳԡ
Ⱥȱ̡ݶкĻȰһţ̶˳
˵ˣţӪÿһккôǲ˷Ըݶк̡
кĺһ̺ȥŲݶѳĶó
Ͷ˳ɯҲˡ
ɯŹǷȥԡңһԡңҶۺкԵǸŮģʱ˶Ѿڲˡ
緹ʱҶʱʱͻῴ
ʱҶ۶Լ˶ӣΪȺͳʶԸо͸ˡ
кҲϰҶ۵ߣ֪ҶΪʲôԼ
Ϊһʱ᲻óԣʳҶ۶һݳꡣ
Թ緹ݶȥϰˣɯȥ
ҶȸĻΡ
νĻΣҲһһѧĶụ̂ӢͲѧˡ
Ͼλ治ҪӢԺλ湤Ҳз
ϵĿνĸСʱʱʮһ㣬Сʱܳ緹
ݶڳгԷ緹ҶԼĳûȲݶö٣õĶǰƷѾ˲˺͵ϣֻҪҶ۰˳ŵﳴ쳴ȡ
һҶ۾һɯһѪ
ȥ˯㿪ʼҶ۾Ϳʼɢ͸񶷣СûѵǿҲͲһСʱҲ㹻ˣԼڽѧȥܲһСʱ
ƽʱͻɯһ𿴵ӣûȥ
ôˣҶ۴ӷóһû򿪵С̺ӣ׼ӡſӣյеͣǲԸߣҲֻǿǸǱˣֻѶƤϡ
кվҶǰʱʢ̫ɽСʱ
ȥкͷ
Ҷ룺㡣
кŴ̧ͷȥҶ۵һˡ
Ҷüͷ̫Σա
Լλ棬͵кѾǿܵͣҳһɣﲻǺƽλ棬Ҷ۲ġ
Ҿ͸㡣Ҷۺк㣬ʲôʲôˣȥֻԶԶĿţȷİȫ
кҡͷѵ˵ôĻǰûʱҲû¡
Ǿ⻰̫ӲҶ۵ģ˵һᱣԼ֪ô
Ҳ֪ĻˡкҶ۵۾
Ҷۣô˵
ͱ߱ˡ
Ҷۼֱ룬Լû֣߳ˣʲô
۳жǿһͨĳ˶
кĬˡ
Ǽ֣ڴ·û˸ҡ
ҶۺкʮӣҶЭˡ
̾˿ȵȣҽȥø
Ȼ˵ȥܸı䣬Ǿζкֱܽ뿪ǰûг£ҶôοԼȻȥкһѺɯͬǹֻǹûֽ
ţԼҵطźãǵôðɣҶ۽̹
кͷӹǹ˵лл
еҶ۱лɢûкͷкļ򣺡ȥɣ˵һ飬עⰲȫ±ӲţܾܣȥƶߵĻܵȥûУ
Ҷ߶߶̲סģкȴ˲̫ԵЦͷҶۿԼı飬С˵ˡ
кˮʳ뿪ⶰ¥Ҷվ̨Ĳѡ
㲻£Ҫǰٴô죿

Ҷ˰Լֱֵֵ衣

к·ϣѾܾûֱ⣬ųֲʮӣȵú䤱ƤҲе˴ʹǰûйģǰҲУΪʱʱʱ̶̿Է
кãֻΪԼ䡰ˡ
һƬûأεƶĻΧûл̤ϲ˲ŵĵط
ڵײҵĵطʵҲ
Щ¥ҲĲ㣬ܶ෿Ҳûвߵһϸɾ·ֻǵ·ûƶѡ
ȥ·ϣȻвʶ˺к
Щ϶Ц
ֻǻ˼·Χ˾ͱó⡣
һ硣
кûлӦߣıƿˮа˿Ρ
ǵôСʳˣڡ衱ûʱҲ˰
ȻʱҲֻһС
кûһСˡ
֪ʲô֪ͼֻ֪˸ԼҪȥ
ھǸˡ
кŴ֪ôرһжԴǸˣһѪûʲôԼģϵжǸ˵룬ܳԱӶΪԷ
رƺЩЦ
Ǹɣ˿к뿪ıӰżĽͼʵ˵Ҳ֪СĵãóԺúţ㿴·һµġ
ߵҲ˵˵Ǹϰ岻ëɣôϲСӡ
ҿҲ˵ŤͷȥԼƨɣģ˵Ҳ̵ͦġ
Աߵ˷˸ۣû
ûʲô߳ģûʲô˵𡱣ǿƴܳԱӣסķ۲ֻƨɵĴѾˣԺԲơ
ǱͦĵġԼƨɵָ˵
һȴȥҲȥ
ǸϰΪʲôСӣͶôණԼҪСˣǰҲɱˣжŪɾ϶ᵹù
ЩľǱԼĶ˵ˣһ˵ᱻΪսԼȨʱԼóԲ˶ߡ
ôô˿кıӰƵĽҧ
к֪ԼͺһΪ·µƶ߶û˸ҡ
ؽ߹ȥɷ·ߵһӡ
ƽʱǻԱ߹ȥῴġ
ɽǰͣˡ
ǰˡ
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Ǿͺ;ƶߵһͻȻֵĳвΡ
һܻôණǶš
ܼᶨΪҳһʲôıΪ߲˶˶Ÿҹɻкܶ˲ҡ
ӳлǮʳĵײ˻֮һ
ֵӲݶӹǮǵĲŷһ룬壬ƲŶʮ࣬ɿ̬˵ʮû˲š
ǵ˻ԣһŰڷŵʳƷǱֵȴǺܼһɪ壬ͺһеĵײһ
ǲҶ¾ʹԱȻһֵҪȻȽϸɣܷźü죬ĳͻỵܷһ¡
ֵæĵͷ
ʵʱ򣬵̲ܵס̧ͷСʣ˵׷
֪ΪʲôҪ׷Ϊ˼ȰԴһˮðͿǿ׷ϰȣһͿʡ
Ҫٺһ㣬ֱӰʡϾ׷ʳʵģοҲܳԡ
йˣֻûȵ׷ʲôԲȥģ
ǿԣŵڶͻˡ°쵽ʳƷĻԣҪԵģٹ򡣡
ȻҶ۴Ӧ쳬ﲻˮⲻˮϾˮƷֻƷġϡ
̸ܵץסֱָۣһ׷˵⣡
ЦЦУǿԿͼƬͼƬʲôʲô
Ͼ֣˶ǿͼ
Ҳ̲ס¶˷ܵı飬ȥ˵ããҲҲ
ܵСؿ£ڻûסʣ𣿡
һ㶡
ʵ֪Լڳиɻ㲻ڹ
Ͼûϰ塣
ԶԶĿǸ˶ͬˣ棬ǣǸк֣Ҳ΢Цĺ͹Ա˵ÿγ֣ݲˡ
ҽӽ
ÿγ˵ϰҪʱ뷽跨ˡ
ûϰ˵ҲͲʽ֪Լ᲻йʡ
µǲ⹤ʣڵõģѾһжĶˡ
Ц˵ûУֻǹæġ
ܵЩźܿʣæ𣿡
ǵһôʵģ׼֮ǰľܾģ˵ݶȴԱ߹˵Ҫˡ
ֵɴ۾ûüݶ˵ҵȥİɡ
޴ϲóֵͷԣ֮ǰľ赴Ȼ޴棬̸Ųݶȥ̨С칫ҡ
ƽʱݶ֧ġ
ɣݶȥ֮ȥˮ
ȪˮŵֵǰеǶˣôˮ㹻ǵˣǰǻ𺣣Ƕȥ
ġݶº˵ƶﻹкܶ˲й
ֵ࿴˿òݶ˵ľǡ
ݶ˵ǰ£ڳæڳе㹻ˡ
ֻҪƶҥøԸǾ֮ƶûûеˣÿ»ǻǷʡ
ݶ׳һ˾Բܷһһǧ
ֵϢˡ
óеֻһǧ
еĻˣƽʱƶɻһܴǮֵҲûһǧΪƽʱóԣˣԸûɻ
ܵ͵صͷɣԸɡ
ݶº͵Ŀǡ
Ƭ̵Ļ㱣֪ΪʲôӵܵϿ׵ܵܵӰӡ
Ѿܾûˣ룬뵽˺˿ڣһ룬Ҫһ˺ֱѪģ
סĵطݶ˵һǰŵġ
ֵһľϲˣǿ˿ݶֿ˿ǰˮ
ݶȰɣԺÿÿ˶õһƿˮ
ûʲô˵ˣΪ޴棬ֵһʼֻռˣҲ׼Ϊæҹߵˡ
ݶ԰˳ȥ
Űˮƿڻ߳ȥֵܣ˫ֻأǽ߿ǵıӰ
֪˶ãֱʧҰڣ˻ȥ
¿˲ݶĲԾֵܺ󣬲ݶʼе̨ϵĶҾͲʮΣڣ¶ĳġ
ôˣСعĲݶ
ΪݶҶסһ֮ûʲôҲ̫ҽӽҲԵС
ݶ˼ſ£ȻЦûʲô뵽ǰ£ʲô¡
¾Ͳˣûн˰̵İãŲݶЦС˵Ц񡭡
ݶ֪˵ʲôѧģǲرϰ壿
ݶעתƺϰЦֿᣬСЦ
µͷܺÿ
ݶĲʲô˵ϰû˽顣
ڲݶǲܺͷһģҲûȰ˾ͺһʲô뷨ҲḶжͻԼͨ
ԺٻҲһκõĻ䡣
¿ŲݶѵЦЦ
ûм˵ʲôɸȥˡ

ֵܿڵʱõµϢסĵطȻƶߣȻֻͨƤݡ
סܵܲϵѯŲݶ²ݶͻȻڡ
һ֮ڷ̫࣬Ƕʧȥˡ
ݶԿ׽磺ȥɡ
ϾҪйˣݶʾҶ֮ƤװƤݵڲһţݶǵԺܻΣգͻЩ˼
Ƥݴ濴ͨûŶαװű·Ҳͨľʲô
ڲҲӹ̹ǽ档
Ƥ棬һμҾ⣬˵ذ壬мһ̺ļ׵Ĵ棬⻹һ׵¹滹ֵĳ˹ɹ·ӡ
ҡֻȰȥ𣿡̲סվԼߵĲݶ
ܵѾܲ˵˴ϣܸܵ߰ͷôĺ
ݶͷҪ˵ô϶ˣǿܻ鷳Ƕ֣вһʮСʱţǲڵǵԼԼ
ݶɫǻһѡᡣ
ֵ֪ӦĻǻʲôΣա
ɾڲݶΪǻᷴڵʱ򣬸ͻȻ˵㲻ǸɻǵҲû˵ĺö١
ܵҲ˵ˮȣӡ
ֵһЦˣ
ݶתͷҲֵܽôͬʹ
Ҳûлˡ
ϵÿˮϷǡ
˵꣬ݶ뿪Ƥݡ
Ĳܿ죬쵽ܡ


187 
СпҵڣҶûȥΣʱ伸Сϣʣʱ÷ָȺضˣȻôȥУҶۻæûһ˿϶
ͺ֮ǰһȻĵ죬ٴҶۡ
һģǴס
Ҷۿſ׵ʱ˲òǽȥ
áҡʱҲֻɯֳˣݶȥϰࡣ
ûЬҶ۽ȥ׼Ь˵
ԸߺɨҲŵųζ
컹ǵһνҶ۵סȻ֪Ҷۻ˴ǮӣսǱסˣΪյװޣҪڷŲֲ
ԣĻأҲȥʳֲ
ôֲҲǿźÿûκʵüֵ۸񻹰ףݳ޵Ļͳ߿ñˮø
ɣȥǵˮҶ۰ǴɳϿƬɯصͶӰǣ׺ɯ˵ϰ壬ȥɡ
ҶûоܾûΪɯòͰɯĺӡ
ֵĿҶһۡΪҶ۲áӡɻ
ܿͨˣҶǸȫĺˣҲļҵס
˵Ҷǰɹ񶾵¡
ֻʱˣܸôصġ
ȫ̲˵ɫ̫ÿĿҲܷڵװϡ
Ҵר̸ǸġһϵؿҶۣƢ̫ãҲֱ˲
쿴ףҪҪ
Ҷ۴ɯӹˮɯûݲ裬ֻ׿ˮ׶ûԼˣһ˴뱭ųҶ˵Ҫˮ
֮ǰԼǲˮҶۿ죬֪ҪʲôܸѶȣҰˮΥԼΥˣ
ҶЦ˵ˮٷֵȲΥԼҲ鷳
ЦţԺ󲻿ǴڻżǵóȥҲڵʱҪֻص£ֱӽӴȴδζҪͨҺá
ҶüЦŸӣҲЦ
ڶ̶̼ڴĳֹʶ
ֻ׻Ȼ鷳꣬ǿŲͣҶ˵ŷˮ
ȫ̶û׼˵ΪԼġˡ
Ҷ֪ǵ̵͡
Ҫ٣Ҷףֻܰһʮƿ
ڳĬ˼˵һǧ䡣
ҶۣУǮ׼á
Ҷ΢ЦţĿȴࣺǮλҲͲᵽλ
Ĳɵصͷ
ⳡʱ޴Ľףô򵥵Ĵһ¡
̸ûʲô̸ˡ
Ҷ۰˳ȥ
ûãͶһٴλҶ۵ļš
Ҷɯ˷䣬Լ̸
첻ôעĿɳϣ˵㿴˰ɣ
Ҷûдǻ
ҲںҶû˵ǽ˵һֱʱ׼սңҼȥ㿴˾ǰʱҴ˶ڳһ
ڣֻҪᣬͻԥĳҿǹ
ԶѣЦֻԶ档
Ҷ۲ÿɷ˵Ҳںǵ˽£ǻصҲø˵˭⣬Ҿͺ˭򽻵
û˳Ҷ۵Ļ˵ȥ˸⣺˹ò˵һˮɲá
𣿡Ҷװɵô֪
Ļ̫࣬ҲҶۣʲôңҾͲˡ
̾˿ҲǸĵˣˮΪ˽㲻֪ҽ֮ǰ˹ʲôӣÿ춼Ҫˣһлʹ֣˭Ҳ˭
ƶЩ˳ԱˣˮˣǾͻ˼
죺˶úãҪ˶ˣؾͲƽˡ
ʱìܣˣ϶ǵײĶ࣬ûУûɱˣǹǿ˵㣬סĵطҲ
쿴ҶۣʾʱģĲһǺ¡
Ҷ̧ͷ˼ҶǻصûȤֻҪ㹻ǮϾߡ
ҵԱҲࡣҶЦݣô
Ͼһϴûкô˭֪һϴ᲻һӣ֪Ҷֺôࣿ
صĿЦԶԶԣȺֻܿǰ棬벻ãҪ뵽ãǰͲǸӡ
ˡҶۺȻ˵ڳƬյϽһԱᡣ
죺㡣
ҶۣһƶƸһЩʱڵǿãܲƸǿ㡣
״ʵ׵¡
Ҷۣ˼Ҳϣػһϴ󡣡
˻࿴ۣЦЦԵõҪĶ
뿪ص˷С
סķͣڴ¥£ԴԺ¥ϾͲסˣЩԭסڵײ׷߶ðᵽ¥ȥ
˱ҪĻ뿪
ΪҪԷĵԿ̫ܰṩ
е¯ĴڣҲҪСﻹŴҶơƺͱܣʳҲ෱࣬ôϴԼڲܵϴĴ
߽ϳźԼ˸⣬ſյϡ
Ůæӱóơƣ͵ǰı顣
ȷ鲻Ů˲С˵ϴҰ衭
쿴ŮһۣԼӦ£ǲ׼ֵģոո˿ӣְҶ۷չԼѣ˵ţһ˸׼һ׷ӡ
ŮüЦ̿ȥ촷ֱۺͼ
һͷܿĲӡ
ĳһ˲䣬ôҧȥ
ܿƿߣרĵĸ찴Ħ

Ա᣿ԶڵõϢʱССĻܸɵ𣿡
ŮԱסһʵסᣬÿδӷҪ룬һ˵ʵʹ༫ˡ
οֻ˼ˣ˽ҶݵˣǰҶҲҪװģõԼ֮ǰ
ҪɼᡣҶۣԼͥΪλ
ûʲôҪҲ벻ôʱ
Ҳû̫á
Ҷ۵˵˵Ϊ˳е⡣
̶ˣǺܱϣϰ壬ڻС֣Ҳܲס
ǵʮ߰ߣҲ̫Сˡ
ԶԱߵͷ
ҶȴѾ⣺Ҷġ
ֻʣֲΣա
Զ׻࿴˿֪ı䲻Ҷ۵뷨ϾԱϰ嶼˾ԱҲ˱ġ
ÿṩλȥҶЦЦ
ҪһŻƤȫװСʱŻƤܱ
Ҷۣ֮Ӧûæ
չһ¸첲ν֮ǰϢһʱ䣬Ҳûʲô¸ɡ
ԶСʣҸƶ˿ɣҿɲǻ
ҶۺͳһԶס
ԶףҾ֪
Ҫôе÷ţҪôæÿ֮мش
ھȥģ˵϶١
ԱҲܿõϢ
ԱĲ϶Ҫ濪ĳ͹
ԱҶҲ׼Ľɴ¥Ͼﲻȱ췿ӵĿյأһ͹ˣ㣬ԶཨûҪɳĴ¥
ҸˣָԼıӣԵǿԣϰƽʱʲôô죿
Ҷ۰ڰ֣ɯҪʵûˣԼҲС
û취ǵöӵ
Ҷۺͳʱкһƶߣȥ˳УݶкűԼСƶߵ·ϡ
Ȼǰ죬ƶ߲ǰţ·в߶˰С̯ӣЩﲻĶ˫áǮס
ΪǱƷʳ˶ҪԳеġǮŻôɵĵõϿɣ䵱ֽҵְܡ
Ǯкһ·̯ǰͣ½Ų
Щ·ãǿԴٿסؼλ
̯ӵϰǸͷ׵ˣȴֲˣԼǳʱûȥ˲Ǻ˵:ʮ飬ʮ
кֿԱߵĲݱЬ
˺ࣺܶЬһ˫
ȻˣкӶͳǮһ˫ŴöĲЬЬǾ룬ûдС
кûаЬϣǰЬŽ˱
ĽĿкϸɾ·ͱСı
ٴľţкϤ󱨳Լ֡
Ů˰Ŵ򿪺кһϴʱȻͬƤݣΪ±ĺŮ˰Ƥݴɨһ飬ȳαˣһȻɼªôȳȵΡ
Ůкк¡
ԴƤݱ²úŮƺҵһ顣
ڰȥеϻ˯ٺڰ׵ߵҹƶֲ߳˯ȥ
Ȼǻ˴Ů˾ûʲô˵ģֻÿʰҪʱ䡣
кºӰóˮ
ŮȻİˮƿ˽
׻ˡŮ˵֮ǰͷ˵˺üСء
ŮԹԵ˵û˵Ҫæûƶ߼
кͷżô궼ˣûʲôɼġ
Ů˵µÿ춼
кŮˣ˭
ŮˣҲ֪֣µ˾סҲûʲôá
Ӧòʱһ
к΢΢ͷûȥ
ˡŮС˵ҽȥеʱ˵ҪԱᣬ˵ûпܰȥ
Ů˵ĿÿҲˣȫʲôҲ㣬Ҫ˴ɱˣҿɾͲܰˡ
Ů˶к˵Ҫñ˴һ㣬ȥ϶¶ڣֻңȥŲᱻ˼ס
ǿ϶̶Ů˵
кȴûֱӴӦѵõԳ˾ִ٣˼˵Ҳ
ԼǿҶ۲ܰƶߣԼˮͿʡһЩùУȥҶҪ
Ůæ˵ܣ϶ܣǸϰǶ֪ҲҪᣬ͸һ䣬˵ʶ϶Ӧ
кû˵Ů˺Ӧץס˵ϲʱҪʲôֻܾʱץڣҪʲôҪ
仰кջԼ֣ץԼİӾҪߡ
ŮסãʣôˣˣΪʲô
кҲ֪Ϊʲôȡôʳƶ󲿷˵ֹ֮ŮˣҲǣձҶ۴ߵʱҲͲҶ˵Ļˡ
ڴŮĻ֪ûж⣬ȴΪ˸еŭ
ҧгݵ˵㲻˽ҡˣǲһ
ŮãȻĿû˵ʲô
кŮ˵֣ûʲôϣһ¶ɫҪᵽ
ŮӵءŶһǲԸʲôУԺ˵㲻ģǡᡭ
кڵò˵һʣֻʡ
Ů¸ұֵ̫ԣֹֻס
뿪Ů˵ƤݺкȥһſڣոţԼͿˡ
ƿŽȥȻڷ￴һˣ˵ʳˮѾԹͺȹˡ
ʱڵϣһ߻ᴭʬ塣
кڡߣ˺һ˵촽Ŷ˶˭
˷˸ȴɱ۾Ѿ˯˺ü죬ⱲӶû˯ôô˯ȥ
ǧٿףһͻᵹȥ壬ȴʱͦ
ɡᴭû˶
֫ή·߲˵ķɱûߵСӣ
ۣתͷȥк۾кĳࣺҲǵ㡣
кƽ˵ַָһ
ˡŶһĬһ˵һֱԼԲӣжĵɢûҲڶӡ
кˣ˲ĸףҲмźޡ
ˡк˵ÿ죬ҶһγԵĺˮ
кҲǿңԼú롣
׼뿪ʱ˽ס˵ɣҪʲô
кͣ½Ųתͷˡ
˿ͷƤһôණҰְһӣֻö
ƽ˵Щˣǰչ⡣
㿴ûкñģ³µһӡ
кȴûκδ˵Ҽǵϲ㡣
˺ܾã˭
к˵һˡ
Цϲϲһϲƨһ
㡣к߽ˡ
۾һΣڿк
һĮģĻԵݵģûκ


188 
ƶͷܶ߶ģߵöģڳſڵСǰӦȥ޽ոմõػԱᡣ
ݶǼһ˵̧֣ͷ˵ȥɣûоֻȴӰ˲Ͽʼ֮󻻸λܵнʣһһǧ飬ÿٷסޡ
ӦƸϵлһǵͨ죺ллллһᡭ
ݶȴѾ󷽵˺һ
̰ѾӦϵǸƿݶǰ
ݶ´һ£ҡͷ˵㲻Уһ
ΪʲôУܾ˲Ը뿪һַֻ棬һһ̲סԣʣϵıȴҪˡ
ݶ˲̰˵ҪӰˣ̫ɲ
˵ݶ͸Ավŵʹ˸ɫĻ⣬־Ͱק飬һߡ
ṩǸЩƶʲôһȥĻᡣ
̫˹ǵοݶһǿʼϧСȥæԼҲ
νصҲͬ⡣
ڴ˵ֻЩûԱĵײˡ
ѡϵ˻裬ûѡϵֻܾ뿪ݶﲻܣֻܲԼȥ
쿪ʼϹݶֵǼһ͵ˣһ֣µĹʲᷢԺҲٸᣬ𣿡
˲ϵͷ֪֪
ѡϵѾܲˣûѡϵĸûѡϵļ˷һҪĵز˵ػˣǶ߼·Ҫǵ
æµһϲŵǼ˲һˡ
ݶ緹ʱûص˿
Ӧò̫˰ɡĶһǷһ߳һ˵һֻʮ˾͹ˡ
ݶԵҲǸǷֻζĲһܣ˲ֹһȣҪĻ˵ģŵȥΥͣݶһˮ˵ġ
ʶĵˣܶһЩˡݶ̾˿ΪʵͣŰٷ
ҪάǧĹʣ϶лҪ˵
Ŀ⣬ô˶ڿյϣǵв˶û緹ɳԣЩ緹ԵϿžͱûе˺õö࣬̾˿ⲻǺõԽãԽ𣿡
˸ûзĻᡣ
ݶ룬֪ţǼ⣬˵ܸ磬㲻ô룬Ҫȵܾȵģǡ
ʱܿж٣
þȵҲֻЩˣѵ·ϡ
ݶ˵ǶǼˣмܻ
̾˿û˵ʳ֪ζİķȫԹ⡣
ܹ˴˷ʳ
ԹûϢȥǼǡ
ƶߵ˲ôԵʱ̧ͦͷ˼أŶᡣ
Ҷ۾ԶţûйȥȻѾ½ݶͻζԷ
Ȼ˵УʵֻʺݹϾ֮ǰλ涼⣬ָӣʼ͸ѾпԴ档
֮ǰʶ񣬾Ȳˡ
Ҫѧȡᡣ
𣿡Ҷ۴Ӱó޽Һݸվߵкһ֧
кӹԺҲʣֱӹൽȻٶһ
ǲ̫úȣáҶЦŰƿ˻
Ҷۣ쿪ʼϺ裬ȵСʱɻ
к󣺡Ƕл㡣
ҶЦЦ̫Ƿл
ֻġҶǣкߣ㳤ͻ֪˺£ᰴȥչֻҪںԼµĸоˡ
˵¾ˣҪûջԼҪġҶۣ²ھС
к˼ĵͷ
Ҷǣк߹Ⱥ׵ڽֱ߽ſȪˮ
Ѿ˲ٸͬͷĿЩɷֲֻԼǮȥ򣬶ÿ˶׵ͻȻ󣬵λҲˮǴߡ
ҶۿǶ¥һжڰ뷨ȥߡ
ҪֲԸԼ֣Ҫʲô͸ʲô
Ҷ۵ͷ˫ۿǰ
ǵ˵صͳߡ
ͳεʱʲôģ
ײ˻Ǳѹե

ǵòشˣֻ뿪λеõ𰸡
ϵõˣ֮ܰᵽȥҶ룬ǰкˣĸ˵Ҳһֱ뿪֮ͳзֵ궼ύ㣬ҪԼ˲Ա
кһ㶣ͣ½ŲǣҶ۵΢˺ü촽ʣߣ
ҶۣԣҲһط
Ȼ֪Ȼ·ֵ꣬Ϊʲô֮ûϵ
øģҶۻǻ
ڷֵǱƻǳʲô⣬ǾͲҵˡ
ʱ䣬кѾҪäˣʶд˰ٶ֣Ҷλı׼ֻҪдһǧ嵽ǧ֣Ͳä
ҳʶ⣬кҲ򵥵ļӼ˳
äʸߵ׵λ棬˾̥̱ҵĵطкѾǸ߲ˡ
ÿ죬кȥһˣҶ۾ӦǿԼƶߵѡ
ҶҲ֪кˮʳҶûʣûֹΪкԼֻĬĸкṩࡣ
ҲҶ֮ڣϾǸˣֻǰûĻᡣ
Ҳкڽ軨׷𣬱ϾԺ͵ˡ
յߣǼʲô¶ȥɣʻͣҪְĽ
˵ǰǵûҶ۴кڼϢʮ㡣
кѾ׼ԼСÿҶۿӶÿɰˡ
кͷתͷҶۣһġ
Ҷ۳ӻ֣ȥɡ
һһϣкȥˣҶɳϿӣΪֻ˺ӣصĶǶƬҶҲһ߿һ߳Աܡ
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ҶûôעԼɯ޿̵˵һ飡
ҶɯĲֻǲҲһ𣿶סһʲôʱܼ
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Ҷˡ
Ҳ֪ɯΪʲôʱ򱬷
οԼƫİ
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ҡҡλε߻ءҡյȲسڡҡȴ˵ұѡˣ
סһƲɵȻƲӣõĲ࣬Ļǿݲݺ֦Һﲢ꣬ȻӸŲһԴꡣ
Ϊɲݶѵö࣬Ҳ
ҲˣʹһЦáá̫ˡ
Сشӵڳһз׷ѷϰó󣬰ˮ˺һСӣȻһֱֻ˵ͷˮι˵
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˴ÿӣ뿪ƤݣֻŮ˻صţҧŶ̵Ŀݽָףԥ˺һŴ·뿪ӡ
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ǰѵʱ򿰳ħ˸ȻС˵Сʱϲ
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ǰѵʱͲûԼ
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ȥԡҳ˸裬˯ºкķš
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ȫûŲ
һݶͻȻ򿪵ķһͷںڰек
ĳһ˲䣬ëԼ̽ʲôܡ
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189 
æȻ죬ƶߵ˰ѲϴӳϰأȻ˶࣬ҲޣɳزƳҶûйнϱ뿿
Ȼҹû̫Ҷ۵̫ΣգϾ˵ƣҲн䡣
ҹϲƶ֣ʱ˳ͻ鷳ˣҶ۵ûʲôЩƶߵ³һá
ȻˣҶ۾͹涨˰ɻ
ڻڹԱߴЩ޼ҿɹĹύϢ
ûͨ磬ҲԵɳ
ҹﴵ˷ɲǺ£ķ粢ˬɳûڵֹϣǻͶﶼɳ
Լҹз磬Ҳû˻Ϊ̰¶޽ͷ
¶޽ͷģ޼ҿɹ飬Ҳ֮ˡ
ͣһͣȣΪ˲ɹƤҲòԼͿһķɹ˪ˮѾʪ·ɵ˶ڽϣЩ
ҲûںΣҵͣ˶
ƶߴþˣûѧᣬѧˡ
衣˵ϢСʱ
ҷȣϵԼڣ֮ǰֻż뿪оѾɹ̿һ켸ʮСʱ⣬˵ɹˣ˶ɹˡ
̳ӿÿĲǳԷǺʱ
費ʣڿζм仹ζ귵ʣˬ
һܺ裬ֵµֶòĴܡ
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ŪˣǾ͵Լıӹұ˽衣
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ȺȻȣֱܱɹ̫ãʯ´ɱһܵĹһ衣
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Сʱʱ䲻˯һҲˡ
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ǳԵʱʲô룬ԺŸеǳԵ̫࣬ԼѳгԿ壬Ƕ¶ģڶҪٳһ㣬浽˳Էʱ䣬ľѸٱ
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ְ˻ɳ


190 
ǲ˸ݶʱңͷ󺹣ԽԽߣڼ
Ҵչ۲ݶ֣Ҳˣǲǰ˵ʱŪˣ
ݶڹųʺÿ춼Ҫ㣬ÿĩϸ顣
쿴ǶԵġݶỨˡ
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ݶҲ侲룺ǲȡˣ
ֻҶۿԱֱܿǹ֧ҩҶÿ߶к
ȥˡݶĶȿųк͹ء
ҵͷȥɡ
ݶҴ뿪ųУԼȥæ
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ĺڶСѧγ̣ʱҶȥ飬ֲ˶Ҫһ뵽ʲôʽЩԽתƵģǼȻ𰸲һԣ֤ûзܡ
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˵֡ĵһӵֻǴ׵ֱϲȥ֤֡ǹãλҲͣڶͲͬˣֱӻ׵ࡣ
׵ûڻʲôˣڳº󲻵Сʱ͵õϢ˰׵ʬʰãҹȥˣʱ׹һҵŮˣ쵽ڶûҵˡ
Ϊ˲ûضӰԼͳΣڶûϢ
ҶۻԴǵ˵׵ûκιϵ
Ҫٴ绰ֻܴˡ
ϾڸһģҲе첻鷳æƺ
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Ѹ٣ʼǸ˾һǹͷһףƤϻлҩһ֪ſǹֺڣҿǸҶߵ˸ɵó
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191 
276ûֲΪӣΪ276ûԼȶˮˮҶ۵֮ǰǶֻұĻؼʱĻضϵǵˮö֣276Ȼͻ߽⡣
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رҲҪˮͷڻرǰȾˮԴǾ͸Ѫ޹顣
ҶʱڷŵԼ̬ҲϸҶ۴ñһô˴ΨҶ㣬ʵ
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ԱҲ˰ɣשͷˮཨģƤݺ˲֪٣ƤݴţҶԼҪ졣
ô࣬˭ֵ֪ǡֻ꣬Ҫסȥѧ˸ԺӾͺùˡ
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ҪҲȥ쵽Ҿ͸·
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ѧͽǲҶ۵Ļ
Ҷ۸ЩһݹһգûŰǣǣǸĸôá
ɾѧͽǶԼѧͽҶ۵ıѺͲ𾴡
Ҷۣ㲻ţǼ⣬ͻҸǵģԼְסˣҲ죬ҲҪһȺֻ֪µĹ
ҶҲк磬ӰĺĻгʵͬģԼŸкĿʦ
ϾкɳĹУ֪ǿǸ
˶ǿߣѧϰǿߣкԼϣʵϣѰӰ졣
ǰҶ˵ģѧĵһǿ
ƾƾ˵׶һģǱǸǿǸǿûе֣ǿ˸ףܵõߵǸλӡ
ģǽҰġ
ҶҪģǾܵשߣкҪɵڶ죬һֲ졣
컹й˼ɣҪȨҲֻҪȨԽԽȨԵľͻԽԽС276ȥû˻ϡ
һȨûִûȨĸ죬ƾĸǱܣȨܴκζҪڱĵطҵƽ⡣
ƽҵɾ͵ƽ⡣
ҲֻԼء
Ҷ۶к˵ˡ
кûзӦԶ׼ģ˵Ķˡ
Ҷۼ˵Ǻһˣڵһμҵʱ򣬾ҵ𣿡
⻰екǹǶõˣ
Ҷۣû˼룬ֻ֪£ѹեԼߵֺ˵ģˣǱѱĹҲѱľ¡
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кǱҶ˵ʲôѧͽʲôǶԵģû˿Ҷ۵뷨;塣
ҶҡͷҲ㽲أҲ̸Ȩ㣬иǿͻȻ֣ңҾӦ÷Լ˼ά뷨Լ뷨𣿡
кĬˣǼ֣ǲһ
ҶЦЦôһҾ㣬֣ǹ͸񶷣Ϊ㵱𣿡
ÿ˶ԼģԼˣΧڹøһ㣬һ㣬ʲôҶۣѧͽලڲͷȷʵвõĵط˵ԽʡЩС˷ԴҲѧͽǲ̬ȡ
ǻýͶƱģɣͻʧȥһҲˣҲǻ㡣
к촽˶ڿҶۡ
Ȼû˵Ҷ۱Цˡ
ԣǻرҡҶûס˫֣ккѾеˣҶͷһ⣬ٶһûǸϳɵӣӿɰҲҪöԹҪҪԼ
ҶãǺãΪһˣǶԼˣղˣҲ֪ԼԼáҶۣҲ׼ĪĹȻߵʱƨɣñҾȵ֮ǰҵԨȥ
к䲻˵ΪʲôҪ
˵ô˸мܵõʲô
ҶЦЦΪҲˡ
ңֻۣΪһԸͿԸҲеߣЩܶṳ̂Ϊ֮ܶء
ҲøҲҪеΣ־ܾЩˣΪʲôȣ
ôʱ䣬Ҷ۴ӲܾȣҾȵڵ־ȣҲ˵Լɳ˶٣룬Ϊ˿ֵģֻҪһ棬ջǮĿ֡
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ܵкҲҶûпľġ
ɼԼ뷨Ҷ۾͸ΪҶ۷ףӦݸĵġ
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𣿡кû̫棬ƽԼʲô仯
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ʹս־˵Ƕûʤ㡣
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Ҷ۷֣Щɱı÷չ׳ˣҪʱĲôסأô̸УôͶܱסԼڵĵλܡ
ͷһμҶ̾Ϊֹ


193 
⣬˸ûʲôֿ
ҶʮӣЩ˵Ĵ˼ǣֿҪֿģȻ̸УԼ٣û˶ȥͷ
ףϡ
ҶﵽúǶ˵仰˷ʱ䡣
ΨвͬЩƳĽ취޿̵˵ȥֿǱƾʲô̸Уƾǹǹɵ
⻹һ˵ôصĻ
ƽʱġϺˡͻȻһλ˵һĻ޴
˶Ĭˡ
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ŭˣϴЦҲƤЦⲻЦźݶĮͳ
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ҪȺɵӣҪȺɵڹؼʱӣǰȺ˻¯죬ı䲻ˡ
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Ҷ۲Լİȫ˿̾˳ѣɯڣҶҲ㹻ȫˡ
ܳԱɯѾԺӣٶȻǷӦ˿ϵĿߣȻ濴󣬵ɯǹԱֵ۷塣
רע񶷵Ҳɯ忪
Ͼ޵ģѪޱߵö࣬ǲӵͲһ㣬Ͳ׷ϵġ
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ҶЦЦ죺ҵóȥˣҶϰ廹Ȼȥɣ

ȥᣡݶȣһߴһƶ߷ɱ
ƶߵ˶֪ʲôݶüеϺ˴ˣһСʱǶ𼱣ǵʳˮȥᣡ
̾ʣҲûʱʣ̻ȥԼĲ
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Ⱳӵߵʲô߶ȣͿˡ
ʤˣӽ쿪ʼ276


194 
ǹ쳹أƶߵ˶ڳǵѾ˳ӵ׼
Ҷվڴ̨ϣЩڻҫͷĿкְᵽϣ׼߷
Ȼ̫ܰ幩磬ҶûиǲͣԼսͲܷԲǶôŬֻ˷ʱ䡣
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Ҷ۳̾һҲûбĸ롣
СʱΧǹСࡣ
ǺԼӾȫûһĵطÿһƤⶼʹһһǧ˳ڻĴһֻʣһ벻
ſڵϲͣˣͬҲ޴ĸ
춼岻Լˡ
һսҲͷһվǰ档
ոճʱһǿЮ˿־壬˫ͣˣڲصĿ־ٴðһͷ
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197 
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198 
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Ҷ۰ȥ̯һСɵԿףŵȫ
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յɴ۾Ҷۣڵʧ䣺𣿡
ҶЦ˵ڹúܺãҪҲһ
СĹǼͷ죬ǻҲƺ⣬Ҷ뿪ǰð׼ලǣҲǳзֵĵ곤һͷǴˣҲܳ䵱ƺĽɫ
Ҷ۵ʱҲ֪ôصνܲУʵûиõѡˡ
֪һжãҶҲͷˡ
ϢɡҶվɯҲվ
ҶѾſڣ֪Լסֻ׷Ҷ߳ȥ
ڵ𣿡Ҷʰա
տ϶ڣƽʱڵҪǲڣʲôרġ
տ˿Ҷ۵ɫ̾˿
ж԰˵̫ˣڳΪе곤֮ǰһС̯ûоӪ
ǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ʲôҪԼȥʣȥ
ʼʱÿ춼˯ڳС͵ȥ
갢ۿŰ״һõСؾùˣҲ̫ˡ
Ա˵곤Ǹò£԰׶δˡ
ʲôû˵ЩǰԼ˵á
ʲôû˵
Ҷ۵ʱ̲סǰҶ۾һЩŵĹҶְȻһֱά
˴ڳİ칫ڣ칫ұҶԼԵ÷ǳª
ֻκһӡ
ϰڷŵĶҲ࣬м飬׷ҶۿǼ飬˵ѧ֡
ҶЦЦ£˺ܶࡣ
׵ĸû䣬;ˡ
ҶﵹǺõı仯׵Ϻ϶⣬Ϊһ߹Զ⣬Ƿʱ죬Ҳ࣬ˣȻӰС˶
΢΢ͷСʣ׼𣿡
СĵȥҶ۵ı飬ڴĿҶ۵촽
Ҷȴ˵Ҳ׼
ſɯ
ɯǺܲʣҵĸ׻𣿡
֪ɯݵģС˵Ǳˣżǻ۴뿪Ժ󡣡
ɯҶۣİɣҺܿͻȥ㡣
ЩĽĿɯҲҶߣ֪Լûô
ҶۿףϣܿΪƴΣյʱȹԼ
ֻҪṩϢͱӻ͹ˡ
һһЩǲ࣬ҪԼͶǮԼ



200 
ߵʱҶ۸ɯһǮסҶҲɯ̫Ⱥð׿Űš
ɯȴʱ̫
˽ӽʮ꣬ɯꡣ
뿪ǰҶۻúù˹䣬ƬССرάĺܺã֮ǰԤϵһֻҪⲿѹڲͻŽᣬ岻ͬΪάڵҲһгɼ
ð״ɯȥŵķӺͷ䣬Լڱɹ·ϡ
Ϊûгûˮ·ʯ壬ʯϿϸƣֹ·˽Ż
Ҷۿ·ɫҴңؾǳȺӣиǰİ׺СؾܵҶǰ棬תֳƺƵͬǺ𣿣Ҫǻ˿ûеطޣ
ҶתͷЩոճɵСؾϲԾشЦݡ
طչôãӦһݹ͵ģҲµĺˮ
ָо޿Ҫá
һ˲ĳɾ͸С
ǰߣҶЩûϳﲻٶߺɽˣҾ㲻ǺģԭҲࡣ
ŻСסҶ۵ȥ·
ıӣһ֪ûпӪҶЦҪ𣿿͸ˣҲ͸ˣ⻨Լժģÿһ䶼Ư
Ҷ۴ӶͳǮһҰɣһǮ
ɰѰסˣؿԼĻС˵һöͭңһһ
ҶۿΪѵҲûдߴ٣Ҳ㡣
ССʱ֪˶ٴָͽֺ˲̫ŵ˵öͭҡ
ˣʮ仨öͭңӶǮҶʡ
ãĿҶۣöͭҡ
ҶûͭңŲ£ȡһöҽˣûͭңҸҲûеطţѧУ𣿡
С˿Ҷ۵ݹȥңֲң±˿Ҫ˵ƭˡ
С˵ѧУ
Ҷۣôȥѧ
С˾ִٵҵֵ̫ܽˡ
Ҷۣ
ˣȻмͥҲЩ˲Ѿ͵ؾһʵеȺȺҲ֪˭Ǿһɡ
ȥ飬ѧҶİ˵СԴȻԺҪǮˡ
¶ĵͷҶ˵Ķԣöͭң
Ҷ۰˵սȥɣǮȥѧѡ
˵ͷʣǴģˡ
ʱҶ鲻Ҳʱ庢ӣʮֿ׵˵ӺԶԶĵط
˺ɽһ𣿡
ҶЦʱһߡ
˲ףʣû죬ͿλͦεĿ˴ӹȻһЦŲɵĳǰȥ
ǵӰ˼˷ܵسܡ
ûôÿִ󷽵ˣ
С˽öңᶨԼҪҰ£Ҫҳôÿˣ
ҶŻʱô꣬ٴξԼӣҥٹгߡ
۴ˣҶۿ߳ŵʱ򣬸˺Ȼͣ½Ų
ҶһˣøϽܣ
װû΢΢ͷӿŲߣҲ׼ȥˡ
۴˰ɣ˸
ɤźܴΧ˶ˣҪҲͣ˽Ų
ӰĵؾҶ۵󺰵۴ˣ
ǰ˵ţҶû취ֻ̧΢ЦųΧ˵ýҴˣϰ嶼УǻȥɣֻǹһھҪˡ
ȻûȥҶҪ˵ʲôȺ궯һȦһȦ˰Ҷ۸Χм䣬ֻܿһſͷһζ
۴ˣ𣿡
ڱ仯ɴˣ
йǣǸˣ
ĹԱأɯͿ𣿡
ٿ𣿡
۴ˡ
ˡ
Ҷͷͣ΢Цġ
Ҳûشʲôʵ̫ˣൽԼ֪Ҷ۲صĳ̶ȡ
ҲûҶֻۣΧ
ؾǻȺУƱȵѯҶۻؾͰ˵ʹ
ĸߴӲӺ漷ǰߡ
ҶһСʱڱմȡˡ
Ѿȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
òɢȺǸضҶ˵ֻ̫мˡ
Ҷ۵ͷ˻ЩѣҶҶ
ӣˣȲߡĸԼѾԼԼˡ
ȻΧͷۻҶҲ԰˵ھ͵ˣܶ˶ȥҲãϢΣӦʱ䶼ûС
ȻڼﶼӣҪѵġҶۺ鱨Ҫԡ
쳵ǲȡġ
æ˵Ժᾭȥ
Ҷ۵ͷעⰲȫˣ֮ףǵȥҼͷ죬ǻǵýѧУУô
Ц˵ÿҶʹǮв١
˵ٹ꣬Ǿͱһԣˡ
ҶЦݣȻǮǵѧϰͲ£Ҫʶ֣
յͷǣҼסˣĻһ
Ҷ۰ڰ֣Ҳǻָֻŵģǽ飬ھôǵÿԼ
˵꣬Ҷ۾İյļ򣺡ˣ͡
ԭɢȺٴξۼһǵ˱強ſڡ
Ҷǰߣϰں濴˻ں۴ˣһҪǣ
´һøã
Ǹ̵ʯʱһ
Ҷһ䣬һĲˤǣôλ棬ôᰮʯһ뵽ԼʯҪˡհͻڡ
ûأ
вʶҶ۵˺ļȺץߵʣ۴˭λ𣿡
ѯʵ˵۴˲ǹ壬ĳоĲƲΪӣ
ȻסˣҪжﺬᣬȻˣǹӡ
ѯʵ֪УĶܶ࣬ҲܱˣСľ֮ųԵκǣֻҪǮԵ⡣
Ϊʲô£ѯʵˣոӦðס
ʵǸ˸ۣ⻰ʲô˼ѵǻǿ۴𣿣
ۿҪΧܻܲط
̫ˣ۴˶ǵĻˣ
Ҫû¾ͳȥأ
۴˵´ʲôʱ𣿡
ûУȥʰա
Щʯ̵ٶ̫ˡ
Ҳܹǣ˵Ҫʷһʯ񡣡
ж󰡣
Ǳһأ
ʱѳǱˣʯģ
´۴ʯһжģ
ԣһжģ


201 
ò״ӡҶۻصеʱЩΡ
ôϲĿĳϣ˲˵һЩҪҶ۾û취ˡ
֮ǰҪһЩ񼣡õ˰
ɯ͹ȥˣҶۣȥĶ
ҶۣȥɣͻشһҪȥܲúһֱ󡣡
ӤףҶʱŶۣ̫СԺҪչˣٹԵӤҹҲǻޣĸȻãˣҲҪҷ
ҲûҶƤĵزǵùԱһֱ򹤡
ҿʱ䡣Ҷڰ칫ңڵʱ䣬õ뿪276ʮ󣿡
棺ɣӦþǶʱ䡣
Ҷ۶оЩ棺Ǹ߾Ҫȥˡ
ϷʵΪ
ֵϳҶȴһ㶼˳һǿ򶨵㣬Ҳȥġ
桰١һȻš
Ҷ΢΢ͷѾ͸ˡ
˵֣δ˵ʱȫûб˼ûѶԷԵȵˡ
ӸߴǸкֻÿףûС
ܾǡƫġɣͬһˣСģǾʵ̫ˣԼҪԼ
ˡҶһ˰ť
ʱڵڶλԾԹԱ˵ҲǸ顣
ݶԶϢһŴ羰ٱ仯Զ°ͣɳһûйͷӣ̾˿Ҫæˡ
ݶֵô֪Ҫæδ֪
Ȼôλ棬ݶɲűɫ
Զף¶µõѹեҵʱһ㶼Ĳ
̾˿
ݶھأǻµ¡
Զ֪ԼͲݶ˵ͨҡͷ̾˿
̾꣬ƽأķ羰Ҳ̶
ֻһΣû˶ķ羰κκ棬ʵǺ뿪ǰûǱػɳŤȼա
ҶȰŪã׼ȥ276صĳ
ʱӦϴ˰ɣվſڣʱӦĻһѾºжˡ
Ҷ۰ѳŪҿ㿪
棺ҿҿҺþûˡ
˵ʱԶѾǳԾĿ˳Ҷȥʱ˵Ҫʵڲ˿ڳϢɡ
Զ⸱Ҳ̫ɥˣҶ۶Ĳ˿ΪԼ˾֢
Զҡͷϰ壬㲻֪Ժܹɣ
ҶЦЦûԶ׶ʼȤˣ
ѵֵĺ𣿣
˴ĹԱ⣬ԶǶƶ棬˵Ĺϵһһ䡣
ҶЩţҲЩмֺߡ
ǰߵʱӲʲôʱ䳤ˣ;Լ쾭ˣҶ۶ԼȦס
Ծˮֻܡ
ҶҲ֪ϻ˺ܶ๦򣬼˵
ʶôãû¶ʶ࣬Ҷۣˡ
쵽ˡ˽ӽһСʱҶܿˡ
ǲǱˣԶ۾ʡ
ҶԶӴ̽ͷȥһ˵ˡ
ߵǶ¥ҲˡҶۣ¥ûˡ
⣺Ƕ¥û취סˣյ¶ȿͣҲͱûһ㣬Ҳ찮ǣҶоȡ
ڻشſͣ¡
ſţǿУȺۼĵطӣƺơ
ֻֽõ̫ãѾ쿴ԭʲôˡ
ʲôˣĶģŵ˽סǡ
˶ᣬʮ꣬ʮǰǺӣҪôûҶǣҪôˡ
ǴһˣƤǸȻͷġ
ĸصģǹǹڶ׼Ҷۣ̬ǿӲ˵˭ȥ
ǿҪǵ
ҶҲһࣺϴ̸ģҽҶۣǿȥ
˻һۣǹָҶ۵ǸͻȻǹҶۻûӦʱͻȻԼһƣ֮󣬰ÿʱ϶
ҡҴˣǹԼƻ׼Ҷ۹¡
Ҷۼֿ죬ǰ˵ʱͼסĸ첲
ҶҲµԷľٶΪʲôˣοҲΪ˻صİȫ˵Ҳ˵
˿ҶںԼ׼ȹʵ˵
Ҷֻܿ档
߹ץס˵ĺ죬Ӳܲ˵Ķ·
˿ͬ飬ͬ鶼ͷΪá·Ī
ֻǿĴҶ˳ߡ
ƶǴˡҶۿƶߣο̾Ϣ
ƶѾˣЩƤݱأĲܵ⣬õΪûļ仯ֻҪϣһܲϲֺջ
Ҷۻ׵غС
ڽˮո
Ѿ276ڵͻȫˣЩغũܱ֤ľܻȥڶŮĵز
ߣǰڳһȦ񶼰ˮ෿Ҷܿ·ɹ·ľ׮ų¾ɵûвƶľæԼơ
ڰ̯ʳƷӹȻ򵥵ֹƷͰĥɷ۵ĻĹ
Ȼйصı¡桰һ֮ǰΪҲǴɱɱַ񡣡
Ҷۣôܣǲ˽
ܴ֪ԼҪȻϴλӣͱк첻ͬĵطͬһ·Ȳ˵᲻øãһǿ϶ģصľΪĴͷҪ
ֻܿȭͷȥ
Ѫ֮ǲŻԸģŻԸ
룬Լȷʵ˽ʶ꣬˴֮Ҳġ
˵ҾҲҪ˽
˵һ˽Ӧþ͹ˡ
Ҷһװû
ǰ˺޲ðԼĶϡ
ˡվڷſڣ޲굽طȥ˱ݸԭʧ
ҶۿǰѾʱۼķţźۼƿߡ
ôˣס
ϵĺۼҶһʱĴ
Ҷ̧֣Ҫŵ˲䡪
ſˡ
ԣǲŷֿûãҶۣʵʵķֿࡣ
ϤҶ˲ӿܶ໭棬ֻ΢Цþò
ûлػ
ߴſ˫ۣԼˡ
΢΢ӵҪǶԼΪһ֡


202 
ҶĻر˼ĺ󱳣ֿոնͱøˡ
ҶĶС˵ǻء
ŻɣʮֲԸɿҶۡ
۳Զף۵׵һ֪
ǳ˳飺ǹòá
ޱ飺ɡ
˵Ҷ۵߽ӡ
߽ȥҶ۾;סˡʮˣﾹȻûκα仯ǵ̺͹ɳά뿪ǰӣͨļҾߣȴ񱦱һϧš
ʱûκκۼ
ҶתͷһֻǰҶۿ۵׿Ƶĸ顣
ܿˣҶζӳ¡
Զŵߵ̨ȥڵĿռҶۺ
뿪Ҷ۲ʣҵʱԺϵ𣿡
ҡͷǰߣžʹ˰ѳˣ˰ѻյøɸɾ
Ҷסˡ
κθвʵ˵ƶߵֻǿţǾԼʲôˣʲôҲȥ
ȥ̫ˡƺ֪ҶʲôҶʳ֮ǰʹҲôʧ̸κڶѹѱ£ʧȥ
Щ˵Ļڶ˵ˡ
Ҷ۵۾ʵҲʱܴңһһʲôˡ
һһһֻĹ
ҿǿ󣬶ʵȴ뿪ͻȥľӤ
ҶЩЦãô˵㵱ʱֻ̫Сˡ
ҡͷǣҶĸܸӡ
пԼʱֻһ£㿴ңһֱҡ
Ҽɯһߵ˺¡
һ·˵
ҶۿôҲû뵽ˡñطꡱȴôݣȻΣҲûÿֲ
Сʱˡ
˽һ
ϲȻ˵һֱ·ϡ
ʱҲǣֻͣ£ֻˣ˭ҲҪǡ
Ҷ۵ͷ˵Ķԡ
ҶҲΪԼƽҪɾ͸У࣬һо㡣
öˣи˸Ҷۣ»صԭȥҶۺܿ϶ǽܲ˵ġ
ϲڵȻΣգвԤ֪ľʹģôȥ
ܴÿλĶֻ࣬Ҫһ棬ͻе޴㡣
ѾǾӪһҳṩˡ
ҶЦ֮Եֵġ
ʱ÷ֿʱֿ
ôүǺܾǡҶ۵ü䣬ôЦ
ҲЦˣǽӲЦݣȻģůѩ΢Ц
Ҷۣҿˣҽӱˮɡ
ȻԼˡ
ȥҶ۽˱ˮ
ֻڳУûԼ豸յ;ˮһӦȫҶܾһжΥ͸С
տʱûʲôԣϸȴֹӵľƺ֮ǰĲһذҲǡ
ɳҲһ
ˮҶڴɳ͵Ķˣһ˵ʱؽ
ҶʵȻƶߵ˶ҷǵʱ˭֧ģ
ҶߣûжֶţֻǿҶ۵Ĳ˵֧Ҳ֧ңǲں˭棬ֻںԼܲܵõô
ûеԼƷ죬ȴԸ򿪷֮ţʤȯյʱٷˮ
һѪȼһ˿
ͷߵߴʱûκβ
վλϣֻؽйعȥĻ䡣
ڻرǰöˡҶϵ֡
ҶʱѸٵסҶ۵֡
Ҷûɳϣ۾˵ڸߵĻÿ¹
һʱɣغķʱ;Ϊ㿴
Ҷ۾Ŀ⽻㣬Ц˵Һ㲻һҲΪҸ˱ʲô㡣
ֻҵĶŻ㡣˵
Ҷá
һˣĿʹ඼ֻһ裬̫ɱˡ
ȴ˵֪ҲȰԼ
ҹȰԼÿһҹλڵԼΪʲôܵˣ
Ϊ㣬ΪǶҸ
ûеõ𰸡
ģҲͲȥ׷Ѱˡ
Ҷۿ֡
ֺܺÿǽڷһͺĻںָ϶ϸ롣
Ҷ۷ָֿĬŪ
Ҷ۵ָָУǵ˸ߵСһже棬Ҷûκξǵ˵Ǿһȥ취ɡ
ؿҶۡ
Ҷȴǿʮָյ֣Сʱ뿪УʵʱҲ֪еĶҿֻ֣Ǿÿ˳УҾԺĶ
ʱˣȻĳִҶ˵ò˼飬һȵʱżıβҲȥ͵Сʱ۵ñ۾ͻ˯Ҳڼ֡
Ҷ̧ͷº͵˵Բżǻкܶʱ䡣
΢΢ͷ
˭û˵
ףˬ
ӴڵذͶߣŴĻζҡΣһ̶ˮԡ
Ҷ΢΢̧ͷ
޸磡Ķ
ҶѸֱЩ죬򶨡
ֻû룬ȷոյġвȥĮĶŴ̨ĳ档
εľ֣֮ǰҲס⣬治֪
Ҷָһţǡ
æܹȥ
ҶҪ˵Ϳǽðһͷ
Զ׹̽Դʣʲôʱߣ
ޱߣʲôȻˣ͸Ĳ˶ɡ
Զף
Զ޿ؿ컨壬ܿ챾šҲͷȳġ
еطȥ
Զ״ͷɥ̨
Զ뿪Ҷ۲СʣôôĻ
ҶϰżвԶס
ҾȹǷһ
ҶۣԶȻµʱǺܸûܹ
ոձԶ״ˣʧҶ۾ͻعˡǡ״̬
Ȱ׼һ£㿴ô
򴽣˵á
֪ҶΪǨΪҶۿĻء
˼˵һֱ㡣
ϲǰҰ
Ա˹
ޱĿȥ
굽ضȥèŵվԭأС˵ǼҲڡ
ܻɵ
ԼӦѾɸˡ


203 
ɫˣĿͣ˵ƣҶŷ֣ػȻͨ˵硣
ĶķߺͻˣҶۺµ̫ܰ岻ܸع硣
Ǹ󹤳̣ķѵǮ;١
Ҷ֮ǰûŪΪ첻ԸͨϻǮ⣬ԭΪ͵õĲȡ
ϰûеӣһ
ع磬ؾҲʲôȴҪʵľʱ䡣
ЩǮ;ԸܳԱӡ
ûе粻ˣûʳˮĻ
ߵҶߣһصҹǻƵĵƹںҹ缸ɼ𣬵ַ·Ǵġ
Ҷۣ
ûκƺҶǰȫ͸ûпҶۣԼ֪Ҷ۲ͬ
ҲҶ۲ͬ⡣
ҶǸֱ׵ˣͬʱҲܸӡ
ҶƵģаģΪĸŮŮĸ
ͬʱҶҲܽаһĺӣаѺӵƷƲĸĸ
ϿеһУֻǲôͬ
ҪչбˣֵֻصĲõĶι˵ĶӶǿ
Ҷ촽һֱߣû˵˺С𣿡
ͷŮ˺ˣûԸͶҲû
룬ֲֻЩϴϲ˲ԸͶ
Ҷۡšһ
ƺеأҶֱۣ̾ǰ¾Ͳˣҹˣ÷ֵ¿ţ㿴߼ȱЩȫȥ
ãҰǮ㡣
Ҷ۵һۣȱǮ
ʱһѵСǹҶ
Զſϰǧ˵Ǯˡ
ҶЦЦֽûʲôʵУ˵һ֣ҲȱǮ
ôλ潻ףҶϵǮѾﵽһСĿꡣ
ֿﻹ˱解ʱصԼλ棬ǼСĿꡣ
ǮҶǲȱģԺҲȱ˵ġ
λ潻Σأϵͳȷʵϰ㹻ջ
õĻڲͬλ꣬ԭӶǮ
ֲҶ֮ǰͳ֪Щϰ壬Сϰ塣
ϾǮ˵ǮԭλԼ˾һˮ
ֻ̻ȥŻȥٳλ⡣
ȴҡͷ˵ЩΪġ
Ǯǻһǳ
Ҷۣô˵ҲеУĻãĻޡ
Ҷ۾ûôԭˣԸƫ
ҽ˯ĶҶʡ
֪ǲǰȥˣһ䣺˯ҲС
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Ҷ۾һֱ뿪УԼҲ͸ĶһԼҹ˾׼ýӸĸİ࣬ȻƽƽĹӡ
ȻԼŵ㣬ƺЩŵ㶼û¡
ҶۻƻǮèľûԼȥ־Ըߡ
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205 
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206 
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οڻĶӾͲˡ
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ͷβֻ˲һʱ䣬ǲȽװʵʱ͹ˡ
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Ҷ۸ϾǷֵ꣬Ҳһֱܣûܴѡһ곤
Ҳ˽ԭҾºʣҪԺҲǺܺáҶۣԾѡ˭ǵÿ㡣
ԱҲһҶۣҵĹԱܴ
ȻԺĵڶˣҶԼҵλ潻ס
һ£÷ֵ곤Ҫ֮ĵţֵ꿪гҪ곤취ȥˡ
ѡ˼ģҪ취ѳĶȥͲ̫ˡ
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ҶۻǾЩźʵʵġ
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ҪλӣԸһŮˡ
Ҷ۵ͷǾͺɣԱúԼȥѡ

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ιĺʢʳľ£ֵĿкϵĻңһһʣʲô°ϴʱҸʲôûµء
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ʱǵãЩ˵УѾģˡ
뷽跨ءοϴҪʵﲻܣͶߣҪš
Ҳ٣࿴˵һʵġ
ѳζǣⱲ˵ûôѹ
ǵҶۻˡ
סˣеĻ˵ˣֻǿ
ǿųˣȥɬɱϣᵽ̣ĵһĵطһҲˡ
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207 
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ˮˣһҪ棡
ǰлڵʱ򣬾ܵõˮԴޣȶôȥˮ棬ٵĶģĲ
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Ӧû·µġ
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ҶۣΪᡭ
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أҶ׷ױص˷޶ϵͳ
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ԴǸǺǾҲûκܾٶֻصһӣ˱¸Ǻ顣
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ÿ뵽ƺԶһֻţʱ׼ǿġ
Ҷ۲֪ʲô֪ʲôܵĲǰҲ֪ʲôҪǶʲôⲻĵģֱ˵
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Ҷ۵˫ۣͻȻüƻһˣ߶ûиоˣûκɺͳס㣬֮ζС
ҶۣĳԶ
˭̸뵽ԺԼô
Ҷۿ۾ͷһΣܿĿ⡣
ǰҶ۱ܿ˵Ŀ⣬˵ߵˡ
ҡͣһһ˵ܲ˵ڶˡ
ܲ˵ڶα
Ҷ۵ؿڣĳ˲䣬Ҷ˯ĳҹϣԼʿҶ۵ţԼŽȥǾԶһˣҶ۴޷
˵Ĺȥܸı𣿡Ҷ˵Ҫǲ˵ʱͲˣְҰְ֡

Ҷ۷ɢһ뻹е̼
ۿ죺Ҫһֱţûˡ
ҶԶԶԣһ֧Ҳˡ
ⲻܹҰҶĸۣϸ˵ڰ죬뿪עģǲܱıģûеһΣĶĵڶΣ
Ҷ۲ͣźϵ촽Ҷ˵Ļûһ⡣
ҶΪԼѾˣЩ˵ͱǰˣԺԺҵλ棬ǰЩˣ˵״ƽ㡣
еǮ󲿷ҰģÿҪĴʵ࣬ҲûǮһֱҰסһ𡣡
ҶۣǷ۹ƽҪһǧʵƽķһǧ°ɣҿЩɫӦֵͦ
Ҷûаѻ˵ꡣ
̧Ҷ۵°͡
Ҷ޻˵ˡ
Ҷۣ룬Ҷ۽ģֻҪҶ۱ĵɱ˾˰ɣ
ֻҶ۲ڱˣԶ


208 
пҵˣ֪˭վڽϺһɤӣƺ춼Ҫơ
ȾܣַŽ㶵ŶһǮ
ЩǮƽʱɲʲôóϾˮӦǮҲ˶١
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ص˵ǺϧͱĻرá
ȻһСȻȨûƶߣ˺Ӳضÿ˶йϲϲٲ
Ƿ׷״Ӵ̽Դпҵˣ
죡ȥ
ƽֻһãĳŮ˺죡ǮϣǮĶģ
Ů˰Ѻӷŵҡںӻ˿޵Ҳ˴ȥ̫鷳Ů˶ڵϣѹȫߣԴ֪ĶûصǮǾܵĻС͵
Ͼ˶ҪϹģҪ˰͵͵ߵҸ͵һ취ûС
ֻܰǮֿţһͷһ㣬Ҳһ㣬Ҳһ
ǻ˴СʱŰѼǮҳ
Ů˿ٵǮԺЦˣһ
ǴǮ
ҺǰǮúˡЩ⣬óԶ
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곤ûңֻԼ취
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Цſæãûæʱ򡣡
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㳦˿ĭ˵ԾͲܴˣѬûˮзʵģ
ûˮûӣЩˣһҲƼݡ
ʵ̫ݳˡ
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뷹ƬûвҲûôʱһǡķ
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˵Ҷˡϧĳһ׷ڻǱﲻס˵ҿǸӾ̲סġ
ЩûôЦһ˵ô໰µǵ˵ҪҶߡ
굹ǲģܲҶͲܻ˰ɣûʱŻᵣģˣҲֻܽʵܲʵܻ𣿡
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ͯ꣬껹꣬ңǸ˵ıӰ
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Ҫȥǰ׼
꣺˵Ĳأ
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̫ƶˣֹԴƶ񤣬ĵƶ񤡣
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꣺ô롣
ڣǶҸ
Ҷۻصߣ¿ҵԡ
Ҹˡ


209 
вҪҶ۲ģݶͺԽӣһиĿշֿ⣬һݶҲͲÿ춼ͻˡ
һƬͣ˽⣬276ؼ
ĻҲûǸȥ۲صķչлĲ˾ֻھûءȥ
ʲô˭˵Ȼ
ҶβҪԼ⣬ֻݼ٣ÿ˽Ĺ
Դһ˵󡪡Ҷ۾Լ˵ˣ˵Ĺϵ㲻ôӲҲȻǷַ˯Ҷ۾Ľá
ԼҪһʱ䡣
Ͼһͬ԰˺ͽһͬ԰˵壬ôһġ
ЩôҶۻǵһο
ʮͷǻصҪƲҶ֮ǰ˻ؾǶ֬ȫ
ڣ̱ڵϣڻظ׼һͺһǵʵڳƲϷʣ˵Щˡ
Ҳõ֡վҶߣ͵Щû֣Ҳ߲Ĵһһ
Ҷ۶ûʲôо֮ĹӡǲĶࡣ
ԲŻֳص㡣
Ҵϵͳ͹ҶȻ˵ֵܼµġ
ҶĿⳤԶ̾˿ô찡

Ҳʵ̫Զˡ
ֻί˵ҲûԣǰûвҲ𣿡
Ҷһ룬Ҳǡ
Լȫ޷ûԵӣ⣬㣬±ͷ⣬Ҫأ˲ʧȥʥ߲ʧȥҮ·䡣
ڹӦҲࣿ
͵ǺܻԾЩԵҲǹʳ˶ôܸԡ
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ϴ裬ҶֻΧһԡͳԡңɳϣһ߲ͷһ˵ȥϴɣҿȥͷ
һԲվ˲彩ӲĿҷŵҶϣֻĿǰʵ
ŵҶԡ¶ζ
Ҷûע⵽쳣ǰɹֻڿǰε£ʱûʲôںôԡأڿ㳤ˡ
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˿ǲ̫ܣÿͬм鸹ò˶ǸĸŬҲ˿顣
ҲˣĶҪ˿һĺá
ϴʱҶ۾ڿӣɾЩȣֻ˯㣬ϰûͷһ̱ɳϣ輸ϻűˮˮ
ԡҳľǺɳϵҶۡ
ɳɫƫƣҶɫԵƤϸԼʱĶ֪˫۶Ļչ壬ûһ
ĺ΢΢ĬԵҶ۵ȱߡ
ҶۿһۺŲĿ⣬²˵ⲿӰҶˡ
šһעȫûзŵӰϡ
ȥѴϡȻվ
Ҷۣţе۾
ⱻصĴ룬ֻеӰĹԴ΢
õӰݵҹϷһ΢ĹҲȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ۵ǰҲˡ
һӰס˱ͲĹߡ
ڵӰЧУҶۻ̧ͷȴŵϴˮܵϸմԡҳĳʪ
ҶۺȻԽԽ죬޷ȥֱ۾
Щ׼ְƿʱȻץס̧֡
Ȼһֲݾܾס
Ҷʲôˡ


210 
յ紵òϻεЩ΢ӷ϶©ڵһƬƵĺ
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Ҷ룬ΪΪûԷѹûɹ͡ΪȣȻǺ΢һ㡣
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211 
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212 
Ҷ۾ʹӱյЩͣųʱҶһļƤô˸¡
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