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ҹ񺻻ҹ£ֱҡһ䣬˳츮ƹ١
һﰸֳ̧ͷһϤӰ
ִ崺üߡ
Ŀҹɫײ𻨡
𹴴һЦӣɰ
*
ֱõķޣһ˽һ˴µһŮ䣬˲֪ʥָ⡣
ξȫǶԵĹҪ˰ɣ
ȴȫྩƼεĽǣŴŮϽ֣Сظذס
ӣÿʯô࣬մѪʱһҫۡ
Цüģã๫۹ˡ
ݱǩ֮ ˬ
ؼ֣ǣ񺣬ǣ±ŹɹŮ󡷡̺ղ~
һ仰飺ʷ˹
⣺ŮЯưΪԩά


1 
´ʱƫէů
ʮһգĻкˮת֮һƬ硣
ྩǵİǳʪ׷׸̾꾰ء
ȴҲףײǺԵ
Ҳ֪п̫࣬ү޳ܹһҹ峿ٿֻʣһƬع
ʮһգȥ̾ʲôʱˡ
ƽүͬС׵Ĵϲ֮գһʥ״͵ԵǷͬСɣӳʱྩǴ˫ϲϲ֡
ƺҲ໥ϾƵģƽϲǣ˱Ҫͣϲ·սзݡ
һգǵʵݣؼʱⲻ˺һ䣺ѵŵԵĽԵɣ
ȻʱϲڵĽ񺣬ǰص֯ͷֱͦӰѡ
ƣʱˡ
峺ͬˮ֮Ƣ
ͷ֮⣬ϲϵƿһ۴ɫ˼Ƭ̵С㣬Ѿʱˡ
üͷڣʱˣȥƣ桭
δ䣬ϲͻȻһ
һʮˣԶѽ¥˶¥ת˲˱⡣
ԲĶ⶯һɤ磬ֶ
˸Ÿͣˣֶֶ
ֺŮУŶˣһʱǳ£ò֡
񺻹δӦ֣һԵͳɤҶСӿҪʲôظң
ü΢
ֶˣ
漴һôЦ
磬ǸֶӪн£Ҳû
ǵͳɤȴ첻Ҳ
ֻ䣺ɣǣիĴһ
һ󷽣˾Ҫţߴȴʵʵվ⣬һβˮҲ뵶Ƴġ
һⲻɰҪֶҼ˿ô죿СģɩҲϼ񣿡
ɹٻδ䣬ڵһȺƬ̣ȻȻЦ
һõŮ𣺡磬ƽСʲôӣ˭˲֪ŵ
һƬֵɹٵš
΢ϱʲôӣʲôӣҼҵĶͲܿ֡
Ļ첻ߣȴֻЦ
䣬ڽΪ뿪ʱȴС˿ʼУʢү״÷ƿһ
ʢС֯⻨һƥ
񺣺
μ˿˼ϲӣһҪһȺҲҸ
ϵ౨ֶġҲѽֻ꣬žһϲ֮
ոհϲһͬҹͻһ˲ַǷ
һƬҵĽŲֱһǰģصĽŲ
һһǰ
˳Ÿͷ·խķ϶񺿴һ˫Ż֯ѥ˴˿̾վǰƺ
ʱʣ磬ǳԶ˾ƣͷˣ
Ƹͷྩʲôģ
ڴߴվڽǰȴһ˿ҡ
һأҶǧôܳ˾ƣأЩСӿɹЩۼȢĿǴҹ㡣
СǺôЦĹȴֵ磬ô̻ˣҲǴҹء
˵ţںĴٷ˿ȥˣһʱҪˣ֣С֡
ɩ˿ڣ˲
ϲͻȻһ˲ȻɹٵɤӣΪҪƸͷˣĪҪ¡
ϥϵֽһŵһϸ۵ɤϰ㣬ļһۼ
׿ϣһϲӴӸͷȻأӳ뽪ķĿС
ϲӰã֮ˡ
ֻĿ΢յĻѣ˳ͨĶûϸ°ͼϡ
ͷһƿ˱㾪׷׸̾֡
ˣĶ飬ҡҷˡ
Ǳôƿţ˺ǽţ΢΢̧ͷ۲ת֮䣬Ŀ䵽ɹϡ
ĿԣԿԷеľޡ
μү𣬽յɹ٣һŽüĿĿգü޳ͦΣͻ˫ǺӵһӣֺЦеǺӶת
Ǹεɾ
ϲղֵͬϲУȴţ˽Աһ𺳣һʱ䶼᲻
ԼɵӣҲֻǴƬ̣ܿعһЦȻߡ
ҲһЦһԽͯŮ
һͬ칬
ٷ˿һ˫ˣ֪˸ףǵһԣһԼܵӣãǡ
ٷ΢̾ϲһۣϲŷֹǰʱˣкˣ
ϲһɰ˶л˻ꡣ
үС㿴ң㣬׷ǰɩЩǧСǶҪ˵㻵
˵ǲС㣬ʮͣ۶ǲޣҲֻһЦǼҵɡ
ŶУãлл֯⻨УչһЦƷˡ
ᣬһ仰ȴ˱ͯŮûþ׻顣
ʲôн⣬Уһ»򸾾õڹ͡
ȴƷǳοŽϿҵȷʵӡ
һ䵹Ǻˣ񺿴΢죬Ц绨
˵ǡ
˿ţ˵׺͡
ٷɿһԲϾͰǻԷˣؽҲҪǮġ
ϲǰЦʱˡ
Խ˵ӣ롣
һ񶪿ֵֶܽñãλÿһ·
ƺǳԶ˾ƣǰζЩˣһ߻ֲ˷һ߻ҪŤͷԼɵӡ
ʱٶҲ֪ģպ˽ţ÷ŵ˶Ľ档
ֻһٶʹһŵĶбб񺵹ȥ
һз̫죬ڽƺŵôԭأӦ
ϵСǶŵñ۾Ҷ࿴ˡ
ɾڵʯ֮䣬תһԼϡ
ҵü۵ү
һңԼѣֳ彪һƣӣܾˡ
ղſУ񺲢ɵ˫貵ķЦ⣬ƺѾƶᵹԼϡ
»ڵǸĽ񺣬Ҳߵͷḣ񣺡
֮Уȴﻹаֽ⣬ղſǹһȣȴȹ̣㽪񺲻㣬ҲѹͲˤڵء
һһ̧ͷʱԷӶЦ⡣
Ȥ


2 
ƷУưϵźߣ֮ڶ
񺿴Ŷ𣬶ҲŽ񺣬˵ľԶϽЦݡ
Χ˱㿪ʼ壬ϴĶμ٣Ƽⳡ治Ц⣬Ե尡ȣȣ
ôһ˵ӽ֬ɫ
ƺͷȥ˭ٿ
Ƴ˶һۣȻŶ˶֣Խӣ롣
ǳǳһĶưҪǳһںƣɵͷʱֻưһ£ԼҲǰ˰벽
ѽС
˳žưĺǰȥȴ˶ЦһۣѽӣΪ̫̣ǰһգ
˵Ż۾ȴһ˲˲ڽϣǱòȥȫһ̶÷ġ
ϸ죬ƻһ㣬˵ȴδֱǰ̤һ
Сɴ۾ȻˬһЦɩŶԣ
̧ͷ᣺롣
𹴴һЦӣ롣
˶ĸϽƣ˱㶼ЩżȻưϵĺƹͬԣû취ͬʱԵơ
˺ĬšͶϲ٣үٷˣλ벢˱ܳ
񺣺
𣺡
ô˵
ڣƳֱ꣬ϲ࣬ڳ˰ֻӺ󣬽һ䡰ֶһ𷢳ҵĺЦ
³˫ӣ
ٷЦǰϲɣһ߰Ųߵ˸ϳϲ
ϲһ˲յٷ˻عϿ
ٷǵһԲϾ£ϲӣǵֵüɹǽ˿Ц
ոƺ֪ٷŷ°ġ
úôáٷֻһ䣬Ŷȥ
ϲڳװ
ߣ˾ƣϺһֱ䣬ţ˳ƺͬеЩ¼ɡ
һߣҲ࣬ῴԼ»ӡ
ӣܻˮһգҪЩã
ͷš
Խᣬֱ⣺ϼأȥ°ɡ
д⣬⻰֣ƷԼҡ
дϸ΢죬΢ĲζذŪľѡ
Сߣѹʣү
һ֣Ȼֹȴ˿ڣźϴ
ķ޶˸ϴֻһϲʱһ˲ЩȻ
ǶǾеѫ֮˵δǱǺ˵˵̫ãҲ治һ𣬱Ҳ
˭Ҳ벻ȽŮͷκȴһֽگ飬ӲԵ¡
ʵ۱Ҳ֪Ϊ£ǰɵǣһ
ͻѶʥּѳٸҸġ
ֻһˣ˴ֻ˵żɣɲŮòˡ
ֻǶô䡣
ոǰܳһ˿ڲ࣬Ҳʵ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôźá
𰲾Ƭ̣΢üһǹ΢һ̣һΣƺҪŽ񺵹ȥ
йһ⾭һؽȴûŴ֣Ҫһ¶
ôˣᣬ۶ǹУ岻ʣǷҪ򣿡
»ӵĹģƺѹҧһббһĴϡ
һҲźˣǳԶ˾ƣͷɫ
Žݣ¶һЦݡ
ţû£ֻЩˣͳ񣬲Ѱжȴļ⣬֮ҡ
糺죬ׯϲϣذ¹յϸ޳Ҳ֮ҡ
Һġ˵
Լ»ӿѰˣΣƤһܺԾЦˡ
ãǶնҲĿ׬⡣
񺣺
ʱϲֻʣˣûڣϵȴԽŨ
գգ۾촽ؿ𣺡ˣðɡ
ӣǶԶò⣬ȲҪԲˡ
ӡҲ⣬ǰŲŲ˵ȴһֱӵϲϡ
գۣϡһ
ôҲˤˣִչȥʡ
ôȻһܰ˱ǶȴһƣֱӰѱ쳶֮䡣
ÿࡣ
ֻ֮£ĹԲ滨ӣһץһѣҪʱ򣬹ǳһϯˡ
̣ûסЦ
Ҫԣϲء
»˾һһЦݣܰۡ
̾˿ӣȥҰѴʰһ£ʡһ㡣
ʮָˮԲЩƣãҶ๫ġ
ý磬һһȥ䣬ϵĳЦʱ˻
ϲͣһƿĺȶ¶һѰһֻᣬһѰץ
ϲͣȴҲϡ
ˮ˫Ưһȴ͸ź⣬Ǵ˿ٿͬŵķ˵Ȼͬ
⽪ͬΪĺܲһ
ᣬ΢ͬʱҲ΢
͸ŻƯüۣ¹𴽰ָ꣬յЦݡ
ԭΪӲùЩȤ
ڶʰ֮ʱڹϣĿϲѰ
ӦǶң䣬ǼӴ硢¼ܺױ̨ױһƺˮ衣
ţʱõϲϲǹ齺Ͷ౦
ϲмҾ߽µģûһ˿һŹĺۼҲκϲá
ž·ǳ̴磬һ㲻Ƿ֮
𣬡ɽˮ̴ǳüࣿ
ϲͣϴ𣺡ǣǱ֮
𣺡ãǲ棬һֵǮ
̰٣һ磬Ʋ΢΢չ¶
Խ磺ӷģԺֻٻ󣬾ʧ档
ƣ󵨿Ѳ١
ããȻʧ
һһأݻúòȡ
ֽܿʰô齣˽
ذ£һͷ˳ɢ̤ͬΡ
Ѿ
ߣ̽ͬ
л㣬á
ĻĽƮҡβͬѵĺųݾܾС
Ϻθ񺣺ӣɰˡ
˵ţǰҲŻһһ˲Ĵϡ
ſڽϣ˫ֳڽϣĿ롣
棬һϸᣬµıζ
ӡ໽
૴
񺻺˫ë΢΢ƺǽš
ݣͣȶĽëҲ촽
Ѿͷ׻Ǻˡ
΢̾һԼѨλ͵һȻǰѹȥ
ֻеԼԽԽա
һжԼϡ
ʹ˶ƽȵ

񺣺
һѶطɵԼߣѾ˯Ÿ˸Ǻýᣡ
һƬڰУϵ˲ȫȥ
ɨߵһۣ߹һĨЦ
𣬻


3 
峿ѭϰߣʱ׼ʱ
ȻѴӼйᵽլһҹȥ˸߻˸İˣ˯ú㡣
һҹ֮󣬱ˬ
δֱֻۣһֱ
Ѿ֪£뿪ϲ
˼ͷһۣ
С㣬Ҫˣʡ
ɣջҪ衣
ǣƾѩһϲڣź񺴩ϴ
սϱͷһգŴ֯ױȹͷȫⱦʯͷ棬Ũױݣ촽Цһվˣǳ
һ̤ϲ㿴Լɵӡ
Ų΢٣ЦԽãӣ֮ྩܼ
Ҫ컬ڶྩ˸˵һȻĻüһ䣬߶۵ЦֱʣҾྩһˣҲû޵ġ
ƣһҿ䣬һӦƤܺ
Ӧһ䣬æһ֦Ƽ磬ʳˡ
֣첲һܷǳһһ¥
Ѱںþʳ˽Ȼߡ
΢Ŀϡ
̵м侫µ״ɵϰһȦֻܽ⣬۰׵Ļ׺ڽ׵Ĵɵϣһ
ʳҲɣˮϺȡŴ󡢹׸⡢СȲһ㣬֮⣬ϻ˸źʳСλʣүٷˣ׼˼˿ͼ˿⽣ٷҪһ֣
£ΨһüЩؿ
֪ϲԼ˿棿
һһ㷢֣׿ڵʳ֮
Щ⣬ֻ彪һЦԭЩ嵭£ܺζû뵽ȴţǵԵˡ
ܵϲ֮ҡ
ԴǿУ¼ֱҪӯ΢΢ת˫ˮķĿ
Ŀ϶ֱףһ㶼ԭΪ׼ʳһΪϲңҹһң
ڸϺȣһЦôᣬ˭᲻ϲء
ЦģȻȻǿԲϺȣֱӷС
óԡ
޶ȳʳʰһһԺȥ
ö磬Ϊ˲ٵνһ̶û
ƽǿʱѫʮǰҹƽʱྩµӪʹԻʦʦա
һ˶֮ʥϲ꣬ƽӢ˫첿ڱϽǣҲڱս֮󱻷Ϊƽ
¹ƽӢۡĽΪʵʶĽֻڻ԰иһլƽھլϷ¡
ʮѹƽ˶ãլۡӺأ٣԰⡣
ʯСϣ󣺡游ĸǴ鳤ߣ㲻̫ţֻҪ±ˡ
ú棬˷ЦҲùңԭҲǵС֮ˡ
ֱӣڨڨһЦһתȴϲŸͷ棬Ҳ֪汲ʹ֮ϲ
ҲŸͷ澫£ʹҲǴȰ֮٣Ȼϲġ
գҲһת๫ϲôԷУԱ
ӻΪȻǻԷҸĸҪ¼޶ĸɱɱչ鲻ãУիǻԷصظ˻԰ݪŪݡ
ԽжãҲ֪Ҫαǡ
У֮޲ݣֻʵԺһᾡľչ㣬ٹµ
ʵЩġ
ƽĶүμ򽭣ԭͽǧλȨأֻͬﳼ֮ŮԵ͵͵¶ԭңμڳ֮;Ⱦ
ĸɷȻǿ̱ʹѶŵƽǰȥ˶
еôʧȥ˸ĸ˺ү
ȰοէһǶƽȫϤҪιʵ֪֮١
Ȼ񺲢̽ᣬĿ΢۵һĨէȻ𣺡㸸ĸ˫˵汲岮ѲһŻҼȼ㣬֮ͬˡ
̹ϣжԼӸͻȻ֣ס˽۵С֡
˵־ôͻȻؽһ𣬶ָ۶᣺лһĴ㣬ָֿܰٻۡ
񺶯˶С֣Ц绨á
⣬һȴ𣺡磬ɩϽȥٶã游ĸѾڵȡ
үޡ
͵ر˿Լͬ๫ȣϷ죬Ѹٳֲͬ޼񣺡ĵܳ
ͬüŪۣ磬ôһҹ
û˵꣬㱻ݺһѣǱί졣
֪ˣҲ˵˵
һһ̣ƽһסٶá
ٶòƽԺӷƹϺүͬϷһԺס˻԰ߵٶã˵Ҫú;
ˣٶþǻԷ̡ܽ
һ·ٶ⣬ŵöͷ˺ְο䣬ٶС
ͬƵϵǻԷͬٶ൱ţһű԰ģźĵ㣬̤Ųδɨ仨ʯ·һ·䡣
ͽһ»һ֣˵Ŀ⡣
ƽͬ˶λϣŽĿȱɱƽ׺֮Ц̣ºͿס
ƽֱߣƽӼӷˣֱүˣķˡ
һڼҵıվڸĸСĵܵýԿ»͵Ц
ɨһۣҲ໰ֱ˽ϡ
ׯһ򣬸Ŷȸƽ񣺡游ĸʰԸ游ĸ࣬١
˵ţߵףŲ鲽ǰ
游Բ衣
ƽֻЦ˳ӣӹֱţ˰һҲãܺá
񺺬һЦȻֽӹ²룬ת͸ƽˡ
ĸԲ衣
ƽҲδӹ裬ЦеǺúӣԺͬúùɪפҸá
̬˳ţǡ
ţָλ˲裬Ȼͬү򸾼˵ܵǵļ
ôһڣ̱ȥˡ
ƽǺܺƵ˼ңǰ಻ã˼Ҳûָժ
þɣϷ˲ŷǼûôأó趨ʡ»ԹԼСȥյҪ
ϱίֻͬ˵
̫̫һ䣬ȴͻȻŴ¹
̧ͷʱ档
ĸ˵ÿģ
̫̫ӵһ٣ȵؿ񺣺ô˺ӣѵ۸ˣ
޵滨꣬òСƳһ𾪵ĶȻʵصĸӿô
а


4 
һ仰ĻЦһ³ɢ
ǴϲӣȴƫЦˡ
̫̫ϴȰЦһʶһ۶Դϱ˵ʲô
񺿴˿ˣ̽ؿһ۶𣬼ԼŵһǰŲŲ˫ϥ游ĸ£Ҳ˵
˵ţ
ү򸾻δüڣЦһСҲ£
ոջ⻽˼ӣͷˡ
޵ĸҿô찡ˣҲˡ
ү
ˣ
𣺡
ӷӣٿǣæڣˣѹϱŸĸ׶𻰣˵Щҳ¡
̲סһôˡ
˻ͷһۣѼƵģʲô𣿸Ͻȥ顣
˲һÿԼ
һ䣬ֺŲү첽ȥһߣүСͲҲֻò鲻ԸŲˡ
Σգ۹ֻʣϺүԼ»ˣūҲȥ
˶ˣϷ˲Եúӣʲô˵
ȴǲֿһ۶𣬻Ҳ𣬷ҵġ
ϷЩ̬ݴȰüۺЦǸϲ࣬ߵϺүҲǴüĿ壬˿˶֪ȱĳ
ңƺЩƫ
Ƕ¹ŵϱ֮ԣҲܿһ
˳򣬱ǳ׼ǲԼΣԼʵ˶Ķ̴ΪϲĳǣǶּĶ̴֪
һƶǵˡ
Ϸ˿˿Ķֿ޵úòصûȰֻǳɵʣ㡭㵽ס
ĻɫϷͬϺүһۣ̾˿Ҫҵӣ̫ҽƣᣬɲܻ伲ҽ
챬ˣҧĸǽСôܡôܡôܲУ
ߵýץס˰ѱôܣ㶼˯ȥ²֪ĸҿôҽ޽ԺȴҪػѣ⼸ʮӿôҲˡ
˵ţֱܰѷƷ
޵ͷˣҲЩܻɿڲԣͱ
𣡡Ϻүʱ˿ڡ
ϺүЦ΢ͨƱ췭ظɴȰ˵Ļȴѵζ
ഺ٣ίҪͬߣжҪӣ¶̫Ը
˵ţĿ΢΢ƣ˽񺡣
һͬϺүӣֻ
Ϻүͻϱƽҷ֮ͨ˵ҲԼò֣ʶȷʵ֪Ρ
𣺡
϶ˣ
ϺүƳֹĶһۣһ念ҹ֮Ҳ⡣ҡ
ϺүϷһӻ
Ϸ̾˿һأҷһ壬ȳ˷ޣҪЯֹһϱԺʲôʲôίͬ˵̸һ̸ûˡʵڲӣѰĸɺã
ôһȰǵѽȰסĬƬ̣Ƿ䣬λ˴񣺡ϱ̫У游ĸΪˣϱд
Ϸ˳ЦˣŶԣ˵أ
ȴδͣ˳Ŀ⣬ֱֱ񺣺ӣҪľʲô
ǽлӣȴҲһѪָ˽һ߾ΪΡ
Ϊ֮ھ֮ǰΪװС⣬˳辴꣬ѹԭα¶ò֡
ҲЩ֮ɫĬأ㣬ͼ˵ҶμҸ𡣡
ʱ΢΢յգн˴𰸡
ĽС㣬ǰ޿Ķˣ˵׻һˡ
磬Ҳļ޸ʥּ£ҪѺôŲǹؼ
Ҳ˵⣬ȴ֮ˣŵһվ͸ˣվȫƾΪԺҪ졣
ʱѾߣϣȻ۾ؿ
ô˵ҲΪ룬ܷ޺Ҹͼˡ
ë⶯һ˲˲𣬺˵Լ˼
ҹң̽㣬һ֮ԽŨص
ҧ촽⿴ŶΪղ֮»ںޡ
ѾٿѾᷳʧȥȫȻ飬ֻλ
游ĸһ᲻ϲвȣˣţ룬׮ʥ״ͣ޿ɸģٻ첻ߣҲ˼
ͬСҲѳɼżԺסһ¥鷿ͬΪɡ
˵꣬תͷȵĽ񺣬ǳǳ𴽰꣺ӣҲԸɣΪȫ㡣
˵գ°һ˦תȥ
ߴӰʧط۰׺Уʳĸˣ
Ϸ˻˵ʲôԼʲôƢ˭ֻ֪ðο񺣬ӣƢÿȥҲ죬ȥǺú˵úúһ壬ͺˡ
λź۵̫³ç游ĸˣһúúȰ游ĸǡ
˵ţй˳ȥ
ſں۳æǰס֣С㡭
񺱯˵سڰ֣Ʊ㲻ٶԣ˳ĬǻԷ·вѾСƼ޺˫۵ӣ֮඼Ҷ࿴һۡ
ǻԷ񺿴һ¥յ鷿ֿæ񣬼ҲҲûΪֻ̾˿˶¥
ķڣſڣС㣬տô۾ˣܵġ
ͷĿͷһжʵؿڹϣŹһЦ
¥ܹңѡһ֧Ļڷ䣬вתҵû뵽ϣ»
ȡ۾ϡ
Сȷһȥһʡ
μңߴѾߣѾߣСѾߣһ߸ݵĽ꣬һɿɰеֵĽѩǽСһ𳤴ˡ
ʵȻǻЩѩʱƱС㣬ү͵Ҫ鷿δϲᶫǴӸڵĴμЩȥСǸɻ죬Ѿꡣ
ȡӣ΢УŶ׼


5 
ǳǳ˫ۣ븮ϸڶһ飬ղ˫ƯķĿƶҡ
Ҳ𣬶Լ»ϲԼ˿⣬ֵȻңײմΪװһ
վߣСѾ߸³ȡ
С㣬ǹүŻǰᣬŹүѾСס
ɳżε°ͣһûһҡȣƺδ
Զֹ֮棬ݺ治̽Ŭײƻݻƽ
˵ûΪɣʵõġ
񺹴𴽰꣬ЦĶ⣺һ˵Ŀȥˡ
ȻͬһԡޡǽҲͲίԼгԹ³ȣֳһ򻨲裬ƵǻԷĹ塣
ʮµͣǰǶߵ̴ӣǻԷ¡
ͷףݣҲЩ԰ףŲǺܿģ
֪ͬѾַӣɺǿٷˣ֪кηԸ
񺿴һ˵һ߿ȣ΢΢üԵ壬岻ʣǻԷСҲɲ¡
û뵽ȹԼ΢Ц⣺ûã⼸մ˷磬Щ֢£ٷĪҪΪҲġ
ŵҴӼЩ̲˲ΣһưøȥЩƽˮԣòѪ
֪ƴǣлٷ͡
ŵ壬ҴӼ˲ùߵľ·Ǻãȴʵסòߣ֪ǷɻԼҾ
æٷ˾ܷԸͻС͸׼վ͸ٷ׼ס
ԿһЦá
ǰС㣬ĸڵĸ߳󣬵ĸ缺ϲүҲϲϻۿʵŮ޵ļױʵ١
ûĸĶһЩ
ǻʵ۱ϲʹ֮·ųڲ
˵񺣬ֻһ̧ױƽһա
ʱĸ߸׳׳С˺͸
񺱳ϲѲһȦȻ㿪ʼָʾȥҴĻƻ¹ڳԣͷ
¼ֻһãٰһ÷ѡ
ҪŵʣҪڸ񣬼У
һʹ͸žˣǰЦУٷ˵ţūһȥԺ֧죬ûУūܽȥ򡣡
ˣܺá
ÿһҪһΪϲԼϲãʱûôú÷Ҵùּ֮š
֮ǰ񺿴ŲһµԷЦˣܺãҲˣƣ͡
ǽм͸л񺣬ʱüŪۣٷԺʲôֻܷԸūūһܸٷ˰쵽
Цã֪ˣҼ¼ˡ
˶ˣһ߿廨ЬɵϤľ˿ϡ
Ūˣۡ
ƽȣһߵæ꣬ҾɿˣһٽˮСԡЩá
ǳǳۣһͬ⡣
ùţϴ˸裬Ȼͬڼǰ㣬ڹͬƵ˻ҶϷ˯
һóԺ˯һɵڴϣϤպѸξ
ȴû̫ãƸ˯һʱϱ߱㴫ϤɤС㣬ˡ
͵˫ۣû˿١
ƿᣣһϸӰߣˣаӡ
ͷδԣƱɿȡѻҹ£һźϣһȡױơ
ҹխȣԲֱ쳣䣬һϣԵԽϸ䡣
һͷȫ෢УȻױǰȡһ֧üʣֻüһʣȥױݵݱ˼ֿ֮С
ϸΪͬģͷ䣬޳еĽͬһˡ
ϸˣҲ಻š
ϾСʲôУ˲֪˲
񺻻ѣߵߡ
˳츮صĸְҲʦã䣬˵ãǻ
ǰһסһߴߡ
ʱҹʱ֣ƽǰе֪ˣ졣
˿һ¥鷿ҲһƬӦ˯
ˣʱ̽ܲ޸֡
ŷģãȥٻء
Ӷ¥һɶһŲ㷭Ϣȥ
뿪ƽŷŲѰ˩õ˲ˣʱ·ü࣬Ҳ֪üŴ󿪣濴һۣ㿴ü̽ϵ˸ˣٱ˹١
ʱ̷ӦǱ֪Ϣѽֳ顣
ɫ΢ʣһ˾֣
ѹúܵͣ˾˾
üôôɣȻ֣Ҧ˾Ҳˣ
Ҧģǹ˳ʾ£Ҫ˳츮Э顣
ЩԾ˹˳ǱҲ֪
˵˱֪
ûʣֹһ̣Žü֮ǰ
üఴ˵͢ʮļ֮һйԲ֮͢У˿أ߸Χ
һ·üǰڣԼȡ䡣
Ȼ첽ֱü֮ǰ
нֵİӣУξ֮ͣһУξʲôˣ
ɫ䣬ü첽ǰֱӰУξǰһΡ
˳츮ƹ٣ǣԽǴˡ
Ů࣬ƶ˳츮ƹǴƷȽУξְҪߵö࣬ˣУξǱҪƴ˵ġ
УξЩ񣬲֪ҪǺãû뵽˳츮ȻŮƹ٣ǿӲ
һ裬¹ʲôˣֻҪʶ㲻С
Уξ㰺׵참˵Ҫڡ
ȴֻ̧ͷһɫֻƽ
һ
첻Уξ㵵ʱüĴͻȻ
һԲնգֺӰߵ߳ǰ
˳츮Ҧˣһ߲Ŷͷĺһߵ˳츮٣鰸ڡ
˳츮ӣУξٲԸҲǷС
ҦˣҲ£ѡ
Ҧ˷ǳƽ͵ЦЦеص֪֪ⲻ𣿡
ƹУξü࣬ǰһΣ㿴Ӱʧ֮̽
һߴ󣬽ʵ޳ڵƻ֮ӫ⣬һ˲ס˽Ŀ⡣
΢΢۾ֻ־̫ԶӰ̫ʵڿݡ
ҦҲ֮źָָߴ
ƻӨӨ̽ӲӣεѪ˳űׯϵķݻ䣬Ƶk۽һѪᡣ
ڷ񷶥֮ϣһѪ˵ڷ֮⡣
һߣƶһ㣬˷֮ϡ
˫Ŀŭƾͻ֮䣬һۿ޵
޵ȴӦ


6 
̽ԼĪ¥ߣͨ̽貣ʱҹɫأȴҲǰⱦطǳ
̵ķׯϣֻ۽һѪᣬտǻ֮䣬Ϊ·
ֻϧĿδ㾦
ͷۿ֮ˡ
öŵˣ߲֮Ǳ߶⣬ɲϣŽ޷꣬߹ҵúι̣δ׹ζ
Ҧ˲ͷĺˣս̹ҲԣѾֳ㲻ְֻ֮ʬǲ鿴ʬĿǡ
΢΢һ٣ʣҦˣôңǽ˳츮ⰸӵ˭
˳츮ϵҪһλǰڽҲ˳츮ʬĿҦ򽻵ڽҲмֱġ
˵ҦҪ̾
һ߲һ˵
һһһ鿴Ҧͬһں棬߶ͣ
ⰸһʼǽֵģǶ˾µǸƷʹǱĴٺ٣ɼ
ְͿ׿ǴһҦ̾һ䡣
ǹ˳Ҳͨ죬֪ʱ˳Ҳ֪ˣüİӣָüټκֳκһɵˣ˵̽Ϊ̫ǧ٣̽ȾѪüĵһϣʵǴ󲻾ˡ
üκҲܼ¶ۣͼӴױ˹˳ݺҲ귽ʮ˾ɿñº͹Ȩ죬ͨŴ漰̫ǣ£һ⣬һһ˳츮
˵˾̫ҲȨ泯ݲǱ̫࣬ͬȴײͬˣʱ˾ٲӡ
˵ףǾ̽
Ҳ⡣
ڸΪһ
ҲνУ֮飬֮˽Ȼ׿ϣԸЭͬ참
Ͼ̫ǧʣգʲϣӽ᲻ˣʱ¹˭е
ҲС
Ҧ䆪¹醪£ȴ˵ףһͶˣҲ˵˾һ참Ҫ켩ס
Ҧ䳤ͷϵĺҲڲɾˣǣ
񺵭ֻ˾´˱Ƚ֮ģҪһٳڱǶüԵ
Ҳǣ
˵ţͻȻ˵ϸڵ̽
ԶԶԣСǴϻۣ˳츮㣬˭֪˭ӮأŶҲţֻҪư˭ƶơ
Ҧ䵹ǲͬŲλ˳츮ϵò£ŬΪհ£ԩٴɣһȫȫβˣֱ˸㡣ʲôҵǶģһˣоеͷ
˶ˡ
Ҧ˵ĺ̬˳츮֪Ҳ⡣
ûлشϸ鿴ϵĺۼĩ˴ĺɰȡӣӵһȾѪ
ֻСָϸϸխխģҲѰοīڵҹ
ϲŽ
̽ѾȫãƾʣһɣҲˣüǰԺѾøɸɾľᶼѾã͵ȼУȻѾɨһ飬
ҦҲϸҲѪ
ͷ˴һѹۣ֮ǰƺλãӦǵѾߣ֪Ųȥٲ顣
ҦĴŷǲ鰸Ķǵܵǽϣ֮̽ǰϹǴ˴е
Ǵ˵Ļˣ
òֵ˷ģСѾѲüࡣ
˶٣ҲҪ鿴ü䣬סȵأⷿҲ֮ء
òһ֣¡
һ˵һϿǣɵһкá
˴꣬һȦѯ֮޹ֻص˷¡
һȦѾõľᣬһ˸ľ´ʱǰʮ˷̧
ľϸһȦͻȻҦˣ˴Ƿ
ҦҡͷδսҲ鿴һȦҲֻѰδ
ȴɴ˴ȴѪ
ֳû꣬޷߷ɵڷɲˣӴ˴̧ͷܿѪ
ɫᰵƻֻ棬ղҹա
ֻܿڴİѪȴޡ
΢һü˼Ӵ˴Ѫ֮䣬ֱڴ˴ɱ߱Ҫһſڸϣһ϶ɱˣҪߵգҲӿѪ
񺱳֣һŲһͷ
˶ڷϣôѪ̬ܺ˴̫ԶǷǰ޷¶ۡ
Ҧ쵽ˣð졣
ͷڷ˿ϵѪϱ˴ɱôϵѪɽõǣҲȫմȾֻз۽Щ档
⡭˼Ϊʲô
ҦЩ񣺡ʲôΪʲô
ŵˣɱ֮£ƳǴ˷֣ɱ߱زϣиҲϣʱ˷֣Ҳǣ
Ҧͷˡ
󱻵Ϸִ²һУ˲Լ¸ҲױƼѸٱ˷֣Ϊʲô
Ҧ⻰ͷֳˣѹֹ˳Ը棬̯ӶǺͽⰸӱ顣
⻰ȴЦˡ
ˣѣֻҪɱ߶֣һϴʮȫʮ£ɱ˱Ҫ֮
ҡֱͦݶ࣬˫һƱ񣺡˷ģҶƴ˰
Ҧ˿Ц̾ʦƼʱûƴǣ⼸ɴñٶඥϼգˡ
Ҧ˸շƵģ˵׺ֺƣҲˣԱǴԸƸˣҲ֮ذ
Ϲ·໥ѶԷ˵洺磬
Ȼǻû꣬ͻȻϴһ졣
ֻصһһס޺³ʥˡ
˳ȥֻһ˵Ӱڵϣڵأһ߿һ߸ͷ
³ʥ㵱ɱɱҰ
ţţ졣


7 
참ûߣʱüǱģ˲롣
ĳüĽˡ˳츮ٲˡ
˴Ŵ磬üĽˡ
Ҧ伴Ƣ˿Ҳüͷֳѱνģ˭
ҦĻ̲סһ£ΡΡ̧ͷŻҫŷǸɡ
겻ʮͣһϮ鲼̺֣ͷ΢ЩңһǸʦѧյСѧͽ
ʵЩ£ǰ벽ѯʣ˵˭
꽳ܾͬӣСһ۽񺣬Ưֺƣüѧͽҽ˨ӣ桭˵ˣңҡ
˵ž̲סʳʦ
ʦûˣʦûˣ³ʥͽˣء
СѧͽͲһûʲôģֿ޵ÿҦҲºͲ٣˨ӣιΪ˵³ʥͽʦ
Ǹյֳûüϸ飬ֻ֪ٽ󣬽ʮ꣬ǽһֱü൱ü档
̳Լ̽Ƕգüǳ㣬κͬЩͷ֮飬һ㿴ٽˡ
ˣ˨Ϊλ˵˹棬³ʥͽ䣿
˨С̧ͷ˫ϸüƺҿʦֻһ˲ͷȥ
ңҲܻܰʦʦ˶ˣҲܺĸΡ
˵ʦĿ
˨˶һ£ŵʦʦƽﰮԾƣ̲סãʦүĹأصի䣬ĳϣⶼý䣬ʦʦǲϡ
Ҳͷһ˵իģийأԼعأȻ޿ָժ
ʣ˼˵Ϊʦûի䣬ʦүŻͷʶɱ
˨ӻһæˣʦүôɱأʥֻǽ췣Ǿȡ
˵ĸ֣̲סңҲǹģü£ʦһֱ飬Ҳǲǡ
ǲ߾ʦ
͵͵˰ֳһ۾Ϳٽ⾪࣬ɲú˼룬һӱ뵽¡
ͷ˨ӣ˨ӱɪˡ
һ̬ݣԵʲôУȴƫûй˵ΪκܿʱΪ´ʱΪԩʱ
һ˺׶ɱ֮ʲô񣿡
üڶȻһٿ˨ӣֻãҡͷ̾˿
˵ôʲôأ
񺿴һҦ䣬Ҧһò֣ȥᣬǴ󰸡
˾ţӪиְܡ
飬Ѷ참Ǹ֣˳츮òҲ߷ѯ֮£ز˸ð³졣
ҦЦǺǶԽǶ˾ʹǸˣԲ¶棬ֻǧͬҽ棬ֻ˵ר˾Ѷ֤ˣ֮½ø˳츮ÿ໥֤һ֣ΣҪ˭¸˵ˡ
˳츮ֳ߲֤ˣɣţֳ¸ߵͣҲиۡ
񺵹һ㶼ԾֻΪ鰸ͬҪô˳츮Ĵ٣ҲҦҦǸϺˣ˳츮Ҳһ飬öʱǻᶷ
ٳˣʲô˶Уƫûɵӡ
˵ҲѹȥСʱʱ١
ĽУξʶСƹٲҪȴһʶɸݣǴһϮµ
˳츮ʮվտʬַܼྩ˵ڶ˸˵һ
˳츮һλԴͽܣ֣һɽ
£ھУ˳츮صȥؿӱġ
һҦӯӭȥҵŶˣ㿴߶һʱˣٲҾˣ˵ˤ
࣬ͦȴǸͷ
ͷЩףҲݸݵģͬʬ򽻵Եúˡ
˳츮ȴ˵ʵְܷȫ˼һ־
Ҳϻһֳͬͼλòͷͷߡ
Ѿʮͣɺܺãһ۱㿴ߺߡ
۾߲ӲҪ˵ܲɱˣҲɱġҪɱˣصɱܴ󣬿޷еɱˡ
ôߴɱˣҲʵںܷѹˡ
񺰲꣬ǣǱ˹ɲϵģǱ߶˿ֻǰڸ˿Ļӡ
۵ͷֿ˿ˣ˰ɣȳ죬ȥͣʬϸ顣
ֳҪȿźҶʬҲƫ
˵ţȡʬĿʼܱʼ飬д״Լ⻷
˵ǿԷʬ壬òϰ࣬˺ô󹦷ŰʬɲϽ⿪Ȼһһ˳ϡ
㣬æ̲Ž
񺿴æһͷЩ˼
ʬڵϣǰ顣
Ѿʱ廹δȫȻӲһߵȣǿ°ΪʱԼʱ֮䡣
ʱҲǻƻ󣬺ʱǰٲᵽʱ
մ˵˵ʱͿߣʱѾֻ֮ǰ
Ȼྩҹҹһ㶼ҹʱ˲߶Ҳ˵ֺܱܿüˡ
񺵱ƹа꣬ƻӣǰһʦ죬ԼʬͿ죬Ͳ¡
˿˼ɣͶߣߵѡ
˳Ķ̺֣ü棬ҲܵñϲʹĶ࣬ϵĶ̺ոµģûκ𲹶
ʱǴĽʱҹʱֻ˵⣬ƫʹŵ£Ʋú䡣
֣ʱʱȣٽ󴩵Ƕ̺֣ҲܳѾ֮¡
񺷭ţͻȻ⴦ֻ˵ϡ
ϣֻʣ֫ϸܿš
ϣɻشչȥš
һƬѪһζ
۾һ壬䴦зۡ
ʬĿϻͼֻݲݼʣߵα㱻ϡ
Ŀϣ˴ʬһһĻ䴦Ҳ˶ıע
ֺ꣬Сͽǰ֣˰ٽ²һ飬ȴϡףô˴֮˺ۡ
֮һ㶡
ղҦ඼һΪ߲Ż˵ĶǾƴɣ
üͷǰûж
Ҧȴˣҹҹ˽ͣٽҪʬСǣȻؼȥɣ˳츮鰸
񺲢ǹִ֮ˣ֤˶ڽУֻܵʬ
΢̾Ҧ买ֵǣ
ʱ᷿һĨӰڿ첽ĸߴĿʮһ⼱жȥ
ߣһΪߴĽǧ
һʮˣɽȴѻȸüǰͥҦƳһȺʶ
ʱͷǸߴĽȴ۾ʧڴŴѻӰ
ҴһƳ죿


8 
ߴĽǧ֣壬ĽְϮһڣһУξӱδǧǰ;
ȶϣҦҦˣ˾ʹüཱི챦ơ˫ϲ͸ոķ˨ӣҹɫ֤ݲ㣬ֻʴ飬δкν֤ʴղд͡
˵Ӳ̬Ȳ䲻ȣȴҲδкԵ⡣
ҦһЦ֣ǧ֪˾տаţ
˵ţĿܵļȥϽԴ崺˶ƣ˶Ӣǵˣʵڿ˭λʹ
ĿѲһȦ֣ҲҦĿֻ֣һλվ˵ɵĽͣƬ̣㲻ٶ࿴
˵ţսٽǰжڹϵҦṩʬĿԹο
֣嵹֪޲ԣƺҦ˹ͣ¹ذѻ˵꣬Ȼһ֣Ҧˣǡ
˵꣬ǱֻУξüü
Ҧ̾˿˶ýסᣬ໥ͷӶ
˰źãüڰ
ʱĽ񺣬Ҳڻؼҵ·ϡ
һͬϣҹš
ֳʲôĵã
ĬƬ̣֮ػܻҪ飬ϵ棬Ҳܴ
ͷʦ㽻ңңҲ㣬ֻƻసӣո֪һա
һỰ࣬˲ֳ֮⣬ǳĬԣ˿Ȱοŵ˵ͷˣ֪ˡ
΢̾һҪһ½հ飬ȴȻһ
Ҳס˾Ƭ̣ŵͬ·
ɫ΢䣬죬ǻ﷽ܵ
һС˻Ǽƽȥ
Ϣ֮䣬֮ǰͣ¡
ҲŽüš
ʱ˶˼۲£˩ãһ񺣬ԭطһ˲Ϸ
񣬴»صǻԷ¥Էڣ˿
ֻ޷һյƣİڴҲ˾졣
һ߸һߵǸӣͣ£ҲͣˣӦβǶֻǸ˳·ѡ
˳·Ҳ֪ʲô·ȥ·мСģ޸ٻ˳츮С
˷ģʡá
仰Ĺ򣬽Ѿ¹ٷҹ£ɿ٣µպ㣬ذɣһʱȥݷǵҡ
һ֣Ҳ໰Ӵ
ϸӰʧҹɫŴ˸Ƿ
ƽóԺ˯ģҹ˯ã糿׼û
źϴϺͿһݸ࣬˯¡
˯֮ǰ÷ԸƣղýңʳЩ㼴ɡ
˼Ҫ˯Ͳˡ
ЦЦź˯֮󣬲˳Է
һ˯úֱܳصʯร᣶ڸǲס貵ĳŴŹǷ
ڴһŵɡ
Ƶźϴ£𣬲ѡһ޵Żˮȹȹڴ԰壬ӽ˿ߣǲԣҫġ
ȹӣһͷںڳȫڷ٣׵ĺ챦ǶŻͷ棬˲ǹ˵ĽС㡣
ڵĵĶμٷˡ
񺻻ѣѰСԹԳٵʳ
ѩڱϸźۣһϺȣصͷ
ǻԷĳӲʺҵĿζ
ڱϵС㣬糿ʱһˣүСţҵСմҶϷ˯δûټ֡
һ֪ˡ
ֵ񻹵Ҳ˵μûôأС㲻ؾ
ΨһüŶ
Ƽ񺾪ȣЦˣСүǰЩй䣬ҲôˣŲ÷С㡣
ˣ˼ǣҲ㣬Ҳңలá
üһЦ촽𣺡Ǻ̡
Ҳ乤򣬽ʳ˼ԼúóԵ㣬ƴһϻСף̤š
ȶ˵سһ¥ʱ鷿ͻȻһ졣
廨Ь΢΢һ٣ƫͷü鷿
貣ƣһӰڽĿ
ͷ˫ɴñҷ崺࣬ŭ
һ磬ѽ񺿴ô䣬ز
ɵķĿһһ̤ǰ
ܸߣѰӶҪ޳ߣҲ߳ͷ
΢΢ͷʱ˵ǡһ𣬺֮䣬໥
պĳˮ㽻֯һ𣬽գգ۾Щعһ仰ԼӢ
ôΪ̫Ӣ䣬Ӷ˲ɣ
ѹ壬˺֯ܵķһ㣬վһ
ΪòΪҲǲӸˣΪأ
ɵƤٿҲǸǿиɵĲݰѵǴ֮á
۵һĨ֮ɫѹɿջߣ༥ֻ֪ϮĽְٺڷԣôҪְɣ
ְǳϮ׵ְλԭǽǧѳְۼһȣΪƷʹ
ŶμһЩ񣬵˶һҪϮְҲǽȴٺ
Ҳ֪ôģλ첻ߵ競ƫ˱µۣ¶мӣѰ˿Ҳگǰ࣬ÿҪδʹҪࡣڴͻ֮󷽵Ļʵ۱±ԼϲֶһƷĽʹ
ְСȴù֮ףֻǴٺ٣˵ȥҲˡ
ٺǳ͢ʵְܺóԺúȻһӣҲǼġ
ΪֺУʹǴٺŷҪŵֵ
ŽʻһЦԽҾ֪ǹҡ
ɫƲƲ죬ߵֻļԺӪ˿ܸ¶ټҵס
⻰ЦⲻΪ׬ǮŬӪ𣿡
ӺúݵģǰΣգӲ˵Ϊȴֻٺ»Ϊİ
ջҪַͬӣ˵ȴƤЦȫں
һۣҲ˱岽һǰһǻԷ
ǻԷţҪƹٵĻȣһ·ûѾСˣֱſڴͻȻῴ
Ҫȥƿ㵱⣬С塣
ᣬСӣ·˲ɺ
Ҳ֮ɫͣðʱ֣ȥҡ
˶繣ὫһյĹ⾰ϧ
ýһȴ
ͻȻ뵽ĽְҲǴƷʹ
ͬλεı˾˾죬һ޶
䣬Ƿʲô֮


9 
ݷǽӣǵĸͼ游һԤģռǱãһֱԼ
Щ걦ݷ֮Լĵ֬ˮۣû뵽ྩСϲ⵹Խ
⧲ף񺻹ĩҷֵꡣ
룬ǳףƺҲͬǰ
ͬҴģһֱź£ǽ㷿
̣ʱӺʱӺŴֶߣ̽λüãϱྭڴˡ
ֱӰѳͣڱݷǰȹŵҪˣʱзӣȥЪϢǡ
ЦǺǵСյЩȥƣ˳ѼͷĴ
Цãȱ֣Ҳˡ
źˣŷƵ̤ٱի
磬ͷɹֻˣûյ͡
Сſкǰϲӯӯˣȥƹġ
֣ãæȥ鷿
дɢĶ֣СҲöԣֻ˸ȥæˡ
ں󷿴һ鷿ƽնǴŽֻ˷ܽ
ֻЩˮۣȴ֪˴ء
ԺԺĺ󷿶ǿ֬ˮۣϸţᵽϸĻ㣬Ǻš
ͳԿ״ϹŵͭŲ룬תϷš
ƿһңͿվԣһԲ
Ѿͷͬ˵ٴˣ˽֣£ŵһˣ֪ʵʦãʦദһңҪôأ
һ˵ţһڸ¡
ѻխбٷϣĵ޳ܰ
ƷƹǹӱҪشֻ֮ͣǳ٣˹ٷҲţԲ첹
û곣жȥױݣͷһֱӱɻɴñ
㻻꣬ͬСνȻ
պôĵģѰС㰮Ե㣬ʱˮһá
򴽣ŵлʦ㡣
ܵһʦ㣬ѵã̲סһ۰׵գˣ߰ɡ
鷿и󴰣˴æԼҲܷȥôӴ˴ȥһ·ڣõ
Ҳ൱˵ãŹȥδܰεͷ׬ʹ͡
ѡٵСһ·˳츮жȥ
·ϣʣæˣ
ʬҳʱѲдʬĿʣҪȴ˺ͽһЭͬ顣
ͷã֤Ҳˣ
ˣҹ永֮ˣһ֤ʣһ˳츮
񺣺
񺲻ɸ̾׻
죬Ŀ䣬ûд𻰣ֻƫͷˡ
֪ĽᣬСǸ֮
ŤŤһĩ˻Сʦ㣬ǲִ̫ˣ
ԭΪȰο䣬ȴȴȰ˴ȣ
Ҳ㣬ԲȰ㣬ҿԸ㣬Ӿˣ޾ͻᵭȥ
Զʧ
Ŵԣ۵׷죬һջǰˮ˻ȥ
Ҿϲͬʦ˵
ͬྩй㶼̰ͬưǮĽ˽Ϊȴʱơ
Ȼ֪ⶼӣɼ㿴ĿȴҲ֪Ļ￪ʣֹϡ
˿̣˶Ҫ˵ЩʲôѹĹȴƫ˵
Ⱥ㣬ҲѵЩЦ⡣
ȰҲɣʦȰȴɡ
عͷͬһЦ˵Ż˳츮ñǰ
ͬŵòͷȻ룬ȰͣУȻ첽ͣ鷿ȥ
ͣ鷿˳츮ϣһŻĺʱڣҲ͸һ
һ·жòͬͷ⣬ֻмǰŮӶѹػбۣ˵Щķ
ѽ˳츮ȫСǴˣûСǴ˶Ʋ˰ӡ
Ƴһۣһѣһ䲻ԣ첽һ·ֱȡͣ鷿
ͣ鷿ϵʱԶ洫Ҧѽѽôģ
洫һӦŶ롣
ʱˣҦࡢҦ󣬻һĸ׳
Ƴһƣ֪Ǹǧһһּ
ǲļǷ֮أһ߾֮˳츮ʱκһ˶ÿһòܹĶݣ̲ʹµùְӶҪ
ˣ޹ְ˳츮һϯ֮ء
ҦЦǺǵǽ֣ǧ˾˾ʹ
֣ǧ˳츮ƹ٣ǡ
˶٣ǽһ䣺Сƹʥյġ
һ仰ʮ֣ȴż˼֣ǧƺʲôˣֻǵǴ˺á
ⲻ䲻ӲӣҦֳˡ
ãã˵
ȡʬĿһ˵һݣλ뿴峿ϸߵʬĿ
һҳһҳ⣺ȷˣֻ߲һᴩˣ˿ڴǰһֱ͸߲࣬Դڡ
⻰ڳɫÿ
ȴֻ˶غ򣬰֮ǰۣ˲ߣ˵ȷġ
˴λ֣ǧסˣߵôġ
Ƴһۣ˹ʿʬ壬鿴θǰӦóԹپ⣬θ磬һ֪߸ʳ
üͷһ뵽ڵķۣͬйء
λٷһҳֲѪҺѪҺҹںڣҲǻҰܺɫǳ죬鶾Լ֢״ΪΪ컨
͵̧ͷ૵컨
ͷ컨Ӧöţྩǳʮǰиɰ䶯ྩ
Ļ˫н߬ȭͷԲɾָģҲҪѪ
ξκˣȴɵ磬ɫҲֻΪݡ
к컨ߣԿڷ룬Ƭ̱γãʱȥֽ޴ڣֻ촽ʺ绨ʶΪ컨
ߣȴ޸γãֻѪ͸ŻҺɫ
Ҳò׼ζģƬ̣̾˿ʬṩȫ໹Ҫ顣


10 
ʬܵõĽҲˣҪٽһÿ­ԡ
ľҲÿ­컨Ӧ
ʬĿʳϸϸ⣬ڳλүԶ
˼ĸĿӦֻѪд˺컨ЩֻǺӣ
۾һ޺֣ûʲôҷߣӦĹһȻǰҪ̣˵ʵ֣Ҷϲһ٣Ūʦڣùٸ򡣡
ͷͬҦһۣҦ˵һʣǳ֮ˣֲɻ󡣾ͬλٽͽ֮ԣ볣ƣͻȻʣֻʱӭǣʷС˵ѿйٸ⡣
˵֣֣ǧȴüͷ˶Ϸÿһ׮ɰҪΪ
Ҧ˲Цݲ䣺֣ǧ֪˳츮жٰգÿж̰Ҫˣ
֣һǲ
λ֣ǧԴǣƢҲֱ֪ҪͬҦ
Ҧ䳤ʱڣԣǷԴ󵨲²⣬ֻ֮ѪУôжǷҲ˴𰸣
Ļ˵Ŀ»㼯ʬĿϡ
˶٣ԶѪֻҪ󲱾룬ֻѪ֮УǺ컨ֻѪУҲǣ
ⷬƲ˵꣬жȻһƬ֮ȴȻɿȥϸѰѪҺȾΡ
һרע˿ˣδͬλ˵𣬱˦Ŷȥ
ҦȴЦŲ⣺ƹٲǸͽưЩؼأ˷Ӧġ
֣һֱֻ飬һԲ
ҦͬһۣȻſ֣壺֣ˣǷ˵˵֤ʣ
֣һһشһһ۵ҹһݣʹͬκӡѯ߹ϵκӡüϤֱӱü༸Ρ
֣ĻͱУ迴֤ʣҲ˵÷ֺ
λӦ֪üף̽Ƕü֮ռ̳ףһĻӪͬü¶м棬κӡǹ˳
ҲˣٷĲȻͷұ»ټ˵˷úãػٻ֮Ļ
üĽ˶ǽģֺϲ׽֮ˣֻҪϲģͻ١
ֻҪ˴٣ȥ֮
㣬˭˻᲻أ
ҦһˣҲֻʣգֻҪٽ̽ȥñܸ̫һδ٣˵ܽ빤˼ԺôܻӾƷĸʹ
˼Ժʵְͬüüֻרʼ֮˼ԺҲ๬Լʦȣ˼ԺһҲʹʹһʹĩ١
ʥϼȻϲΪ˼Ժʹ˼Ժʹ㲻˶ѾΪ
ָѹٽͽܷ˨˵ǳԾƣԭǺ½Ʋס
֣ûеĻֻһһٵһʹѸƶϳɵĽˣʡ
ʵһˣüཱིڶҲһͬ챦ơ
֣˵
һˣɱıǺ֮ˡ
ţҦҲһҳҳ֤ʣ˽һԲ
֣ƺҲҪ챦ʮٽ꣬ٽδʦ֮ǰüףٽʵھžޣܿǹķâʮ⾰һֱֻ¡
ͨü֤ʣ챦Ƹٽһֱͣ˶ΪһնķҲٽΪΪԳ㾦ǶգصһҲѵ̵ķüҹæһ£á
Ҳ˵ٽüΪԼ˼Ժʹ·
³ɣٽǼȮ죬ʣµȴֻܱʹЩ֮࣬ٶޡ
֣岻֤ʹУ챦Ƶҹеĳ˫ϲһ²ȥһ棬ȻȥЩ㣬ĺģü·æҹó̫Ƿǡ
֣˵˶٣̲飬ȷʵݳԹ棬ʱԼʱʱ֡
¹ô磿
쳤ȶҹʱǰʱɫʱʱԼǰҹʱ
üԣһֱǴæ£Ϊλô¹
֣û뵽ͻȻʳ˻Щסƺһʱ֮䲻֪Ҫλش𣬻˺ðŵֻʣ㾦֮ʣʶɷա
ˣ˼Ƿֻʣ㾦˾ͿɿһЩ
֣ܿԹʣǶ˻ü࣬ҲûţʦǸסδ֤֤˻δҲ֤ݣֻǸظڼ䲻
üȶнУξ֣ⶼܽҲЩˣҲûδʲô㼱ռࡣ
˿λʹǻЩζȱ˾֮ǰǸÿ䣬е᯴Ҫǿֹ
֣һ˾еĳ˫ϲʮüĺ֮㣬ֻƽﵨС£ôӭͬκӡͷ֮鶼ޣ֤ͬ챦һ޶ʱصüǰжһµġ
֤֮ˡ
˵ɱ˶ֻٽŰ裬ϲƽֻȡ֣ƷĿһֱֻڵ
ˣ˵ɱǶˣǷͬٽйڣ
֣˶٣ն˾Ѵʹü֮ˣСͽջδѧᣬԲʦ֮⣬곤˶붼֤ˣͬٽҲ̫ϵƽĿڽǣֵɱˡ
Դֻ챦ƺͳ˫ϲɱ֮ģû֤ݣʱֻٲ顣
Ŷˣҹ˳츮ٽͽܷ˨ӡ
֣ٽδɻ飬ϥҲãü˭Ըӣգͽ˭գüĽ࣬ʺϳ뷹ȴҲ˽ǣЩѡ޸ĸķ˨ӡ
ü˽ԣٽϲͽܣƽʲôϤĽ̵ҲӰ룬ÿʹͣҪͽܶ룬۰ҹ˨ѰʦֳűǷ֡
ҹ᷿󣬲ʣԼˣҹ²ͬλµСͽ͵ܳȥϷһֱҹ˲֤ʮ֮࣬ϷԺӾУέ˵Ӵ󣬵Ҳ¡
Ҳ˵˨ӲûжʱϷ԰Ҳ֤
ôһ˵꣬üİȫ˳
㼯һȴû
ü΢飬Ǵֿ֪¼㡣
һں컨üԵˣ˽Զɱ⡣ֲ֪ΪΣϢȴ߰ڳơ
˵ͻȻɵʬ£ǷΪ֮


11 
Ǹ൱Ϭ⡣
ȾѪǲ̫ǧڼüһȥκӡ̫Ҳˡ
˳츮ǽֻ鰸ڱθ̫ǧǲ֪顣
Ҧ˶٣ȴͻȻ˽ĻСǣ˼ǣΪٽڷϣȾѪ⾫׼ĺٹƷȻͳʲȥҲһɱ
˼Ƭֻ̣ǾЩΣǱڷɱ컨֮ѾδҪһ٣
ü֮˶һ٣ѵϣٺϼǹٽˣ๤ڣ㲻ٽǰø٣ʮӵʹͿ϶еġ
ӣ飬ϸãȴҳһţÿ鶼໥㣷
ӷ˴ٲ֪ס
˳츮ҪٲҪȷ򣬶׼һòȥü࣬ü֮һ飬ҹ
һߣӦ֤
΢˿Ҧ䣬Ȼۺؿ֣壺֣ˣ˾ǷҪӷ
ǽ˸ϸʣһξͲǰССֱ֣Ҫʳ顣
֣׵ǣ˻ӷ
գգ۾ϸֳЩЦ⣬һδ󰸣֪ǷҿԹۣ
֣Ƭ̣Ҫʹ
Цº޹ڼ׺Ů㣬ЩźɣҾ˰ɡ
֣˱Ӳʵȴ⣬ˣѵЩ񣬴㶺ðŵѯʴˣǿУͨҦ֪
չһЦл֣ˡ
֣ȥҦſ񺣺λʹһӦ̽һܹǺõġ
ѾջǰЦݣλʹ°ȴһͨʣͷҲưǣ
Ҧһڲ裺ǰưҪ
ȴ˼ˣ֣ǧһһУ˵֮ԣƽԲԼ룬Ҳ˼ϸ֮ˡ
ҦȴЦˣǲǶ˾ù٣ǸְѣԱزԼ룬˳λ֪ʹǰ
Щȣ˶֪λʹ˭
֪ҦЦеǴֻλʹΣֻǵڶ󰸣ʶʶ࣬Ҳ֪ԭλ᯴Ƣ̫ã¿ڷϣĻ˵
᯴Ϊ̵ְλµʹɿƿض˾ڱ˾Ҳ
ôǵɵĶ٣
ýָͷ붼ܡ
һæҲʳʱ֣Ҧ˳츮ĳ˲ˣ˳츮ͻգλͬһԹƬ̱üȥ
ü࣬ŵĽУξҲʶý񺣬δԱ롣
Ϊ˲۷£ڷüǰͥ̽ѾѪڹ֮С
ӲӵڹȰϣѪһʱ˱ׯϣޱߡ
ⲻ¥ߵķͨ̽й񣬲̵ġ
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СѧͽڿⷿУԭ㾦֮װøǳû뵽
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磬˴տɲˣ
˳츮㣬˶˵ﶼˮù٣㡣
ȫ˳ػݸеѲʹܽ˳츮ĶЩ£˳츮ҲٻǼӡ
Ļǻúġ
ҲͬòǴ򽻵һЩ£λǵͷͷ˳츮úܳԵÿ˳ؽ磬̷֮Ҳͬ죬ҦЩʱ򻹵¡
ںͺЦڳҦˣЩȻҲϲ˳츮ķ֮ǰҪõöࡣ
ƹҲ˽㽿εС̬ҲܺƣӲñǿ׿ˣӼдĹҲϡ
ʻ𣺡Ǵˣҹǲģʱ̫ڣֶüҾߣǲҵ̫ƻ𣬱úܴªҿ˲࣬Ҫٲһ顣
ԵҹҶࡣ
æЦⶼ¹ӦģҦ࣬δôۣһֱڲüĵ
Ҳ̾ҦһΪĺù١
۸жɲǣԴҦ˳츮ǰն˵ǵ˸ĸ٣ء
Ǹ߸ߴĴ׳ӣƺûʲôۣ˵ǵˮ©
ĹǶƲ𴫷٣ǿʸȨλùٲѰȴô
ڱǰмԵܲôƷƹһְھҲٶ١
ؼǽü࣬Ϊһ˼ԺĸʹܴǴƷƹپԵøΪˡ
֮УŮ֮ء
λŮƹٱᣬȴϵһ˳츮׺ͿԭЩ΢ʵ໰ҲԽԸ
Ҫǣ󰸵ð죬ͣ͢˳츮϶й⣬˭ѵֵĹأ
˾ôҦˣ첽ⷿ
üಢȴҲС˿ⷿͽǵסҤȴڶұ
ľǿⷿˡ
ⷿΪңľϡϡʯϡϵԭ֮⣬õĳƷⷿ
ƷҲּҾߡڼͻǵ
򵥿ԭϷһ·Ҿ߰ڼǰһǰŷִ˴Ѿ
һԴˣ˹ⷿû˵壬ֻһ룬һ뻹빫
˱ֻվſԵȡ
ʱЩ㴹ͷڵƿȻſţȴʯ·вקۼ
Щۼ£һһ㻮ʯϣֳ
˼һʯ·
˴ºָۣ˫ߺ۵˴˴ɨⷿڵѹۼʯϵķĩδɨڴ˴
ôһ߿ƣʲôأ
һоȴͻȻ
һһɭĵͳɤ˶ںδֱ᷿ұҪ
һƬУһдӰ


12 
ǿĿ⿴ǣýǵʧӰУƲ˼ųǺÿˡ
ЦЦδԡ
ȴƺ޹˼ɣǷ߷ߵھʦһаԵڣùٶһЩŻãץˣҲǣ˳츮֪˶ٹȥ
˵ϣֻýԣȴǻһת
ԭû˳츮Щǲ֪Ҧ˾ֻͷ죬ƺࣿ
Ҧ˵Ǻù٣ִͬھпڱЩ¹Ҳ⶯ԭ᯴̲Σλµʹ˵춫˾£ȴҲݴ˱˾
Щզࣺôʲôͷ
˵䣬òκߵС̫ࡣ
С̫ǿ׳죬¹ǴƷƹٻ˳츮ĵͷߣһŲ
վڿⷿſڣѹɤӵţλ飬ɶκҲóκһſš
κκӡ̫ࡣ
񺿴ݣݸһЦ
飬ᵱȥ˵ʮ˾ˡ
˳Ĭ˿ⷿżشʻλʹʲôͷǲ֪Ҳû鵽ֻЩֶΣŪأӲʾˣ¶֪Ǻò
˵ţһۣװŪû˼
˳츮ͬԸ˱Ҳ֮С
ǸߴӰɸ̾
л˵ҲͲˣһⷿͱѷɽĿ
ĿѸڻܺ͹ɨ磬ֵȥҾǱ߲鿴ע⿴Ƿг߿ʺۼǷ֮Ҹò֮
ͷˣŸһһȥ
üмҾǴͷĿĵ硢¹Ӵռ֮ⷿģʣµСŶ֮˼񣬽˾ܲꡣ
㶫٣ȴڽ󣬶߶С˰ʱҲһ
һߣǴˣǲ
ˣһȥ
Ͼòˣ汲µģѰ֤ĵá
ղִ٣Ҳûʲô˼ٲ飬ͼࡣ
ҵĶȷʵǽ벻ġ
һʯ
ԼĪ˶ߣϸ֧ǿɷŵĵ䣬ֻһۣ㿴ǵǡһ߼
£϶紵ۼһ㲢֮ⷿڣϸϸڸһ¨棬ϸƣױԹȥ
ˣӦüԼõֻһ˴˴
ͷòѵŵ鿴ײһȻڵײۡ
õźãڵ
ѾЩͷˣºۼֹβصѾǺʱ
ţͻȻڵһβƵ
ͬմֳֵһ޶üྭ֮۾һͬһۡ
Ҳƺʲôˣѵֳʧ֮
ͷ|Ųʮ
磬̧ȥͬС˵
Сղűǿ׳죬ȴһֱڿⷿſڣһ˲˲ſⷿ
̧Ÿüۣ۲˵ܴȡⶼ֮˭𡣡
ǰЦ᣺СƣⲢ֮Ӧüľ֪Ϊδڴ˴飬Ӧɱ˰֤ʶȡҪר˿ء
ôһ˵Сû²ܣǰǵ鿴
СȴƺѾüˣȷʵǰͥĵ⼸շ¼˺ľˮųߣֻǰͥһ
һǰԺȴһʣˡ
־ʣµһ
㣬ЦСһһʣ֪
Сͦţʰɣü໹ûҲ֪¡
ʣСҪⷿҪȥ˾ȡԿףԿֻм˾ܴţҲУ
Сݺһüһֻܴڼ˾Ҫ֮һѸٴҡ
˵ͣ
ͬһۣС̫ȷһѾٽС
һ˳츮˽һ
ˣվ飬ٽסԿס
һüٽסҪ²顣
ˣͬҪȥٽ᷿Ѳ飬Ⱥ󴦣ͻȻгһɫӰ
ǸΪĽУξ
һ֣λ˳츮ˣǴ᷿롣
˳츮˾һ㶣໥һۣԵлǼ̱ȥ
Ҧ䲢δһ鰸˿˳츮ְߵıǽ񺣬ֵµò̧õȻͬССⷿѲ꣬ʱٿȥ
С俴źǰͬ˵˼仰ɾԵͬˣ𽥷£˵Ҳ
޷ü಻вҲæǴ˻ٲ飬ֻ˽ұǡ
˵ţԹԽ˿ⷿϸһȦ˳š
˱һ·ӰСưܵţϵԵЩ᷿
˴Ӧǹǵľɾ꾭˾סҲ˴ԺӲݴУξԺУҲ治ɫ
·Ľһ·˴᷿֮ǰȻ飺ˣ˳츮˵
ı᷿ӦվŸ룬˽ˣĿһŲ䵽ϡ
ֻ˫üԼͣƬ̣Щɡ
δݣֻƹʱͬȻ˳δɻ󣬵׻̫ƣֻҪͬСЩ֮ˣһ㻹ǻһ䡣
˿̣Կ϶λĽδԷΪλɣ
һΣ壬϶˳츮ƹٵɣһ̤᷿ڣǰɻʣλˣ£
ŮϸһЦݿ˳츮ƹٴˣǽ˾˾ǧ
ǧ֣ʮǧΪƷǧְΪƷ֮ǰ֣ͬλǧӦͬƷǴƷǧʹĸ֡
λǰûֲűӦʹĸ
ĹְȽߣ㹰ּ񣺡˰ã¹˳츮ƹ٣ǣ֪Ƿɰݼʹˣ
ϴŲɢůЦģһƢޡ
ǴˣʹѾ䣬
ֻ˸һУһ䣬ͿһӰ̼ϣʹ
̼һ࣬һյܽϷ磬֮һӰ
ѶֻһߴչӰƱӰڵζղ
ںĹӰɭ俪ڣ˰


13 
һηԸµͬ˿̵ʹҲɭͳȴ͸һģǶ˳츮ûپ֮ġ
ҲȻҦҦƷĹ٣ͳϽ˳츮ʮأͬһ·һƷҶǻʵ۽Ľùȣͬʵ۵Ĺϵûô׽ˡ
ְζֻҪʵ׿ϣǱ衣
˿̴˳츮ڵҦˣλĽùҲжء
Էʲô̬ȣͬҪưĽ񺲢޸ϵ
˴˿񣺡¹˳츮ƹ٣ǣˡ
Ůӣֻ˵Լձɣñ䡣
֮ڣʹһ͡
ƫͷ⿴ȥ
ֻһƬʹӰһѻӰſڣ赲ʹݡ
ʵ̫죬·񳿲Ÿһһ㡣
Ĺ򣬶Էѵʹˣ˷Ҫӷҵһ˳ѸѲ㱨ˡ
Ȼ֪λʹŪʲôãزӰ񺻹ԴǿУԼҪһЭͬ󰸵˼
֮ڣ˿üţԭֻʵ̫Ϥ
λƹٵΪָԴʵû취ͬϤ֮Ტۡ
˼ˣʹ˹ϵɣ˳츮ҪʣҵȽۣмɴϽ¡
üĿչǣ
ʱ֣Ѷվ񺱻ߣ˵Ŀһ˱̼ϵˡ
ʮͣߴҲ²üеĳ˫ϲ
ӦǸող̣ϵѪʪģ˿ڲֶ̫࣬Ǳ޺ۡ
һĿ̼ܱܿվŵĽִޣֻ֪ܵ˱̡
Ѿºֶˡ

ɹźЦݣ˫ϸüƱҪ
˫ֻأվڳ˫ϲǰ˫ϲǲУ
ᣬ˫ϲȴһͶ¡
ˣ˫ϲ鶼ˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣ˻Ҫʲô治ɱġ
һ˵һؿԵúò
΢Цȴ˲ɭȻ
Ķ𣿳˫ϲ˵֣㹻گġ
گûԸ
˫ϲһ£⣬ȴûж˵һ䡣
̾˿ô̵ģҿǶ˾Ƣõġ
˵ţһ֣򣡡
һ£Уξ𳤱ޣžȥ
һ˲䣬Ѫӿ˫ϲҽвϣѶֻʣһ˵İ
ϣ侲Գ֣ƶǰĳ¡
öʮ޴꣬˫ϲѾһϢЩɢˡ
ǡʱ֮ʹͻȻڣҹʱ֮ǰͻȻͩȥʲô
ͬһףһϢĳ˫ϲŵûعⷵա
Ҳʱȥġʶȴϻһڣ֪Լƭˡ
˫ϲݱȸղŻҪҰס
һ¿еѪĭջǵֿס̾ȥͩѰѰү
սֻѰʣ̬֮ºͣ༸λ˶˼飬˭֪ոѹ磬Ǿͱ½롱᷿Ȼÿ˶Ѷ֮
֮ģÿ˵İʹޡ
˫ϲΪǲУ˭֪ʵѾ˹ؼϢȴ󣬹Ѹ١
벻ԼǷȥͩѾ鵽ˡ
һ˲䣬˫ϲҡ
͵Сֻţʹı޴֮£һ㱾Ͱʵг
һ仰˵ڶͺ˵ˡ
ȻȽѯʣͺѪĭүʲôģش˺ȥѰֻ׬ЩǮˡ
񺵹ǲ֪үģģͣǴˣͩĺڵ̣ʲôգʲô
лһ˲ף˫ϲΪ͵ü֮١
˫ϲһһڰѪĭڵϣȻЦ֮ͬ󣬾һü࣬ҳżˣİ֮ǰܵĽʯȥͩʮӣʱѾڣҺżҴҸҹǰ
һȴ˵Ϊϸ¡
ȻĴȴϷŹ
ֻλʹ俪ڣˡ
˫ϲһ㶣죬æҪ⣬ʹȴᡣ
֮ǰĿݵ֤ʣʱ֮Ե棬üಽԼһ̣üȥͩﲽδ̡ҪأԼ̼ɡ
Ҳ˵˫ϲүĺڵ̶ൢһ̣ʱһʱãҲ˵ôϡ
˫ϲһѪҪ²ˡ
Ѿ˵ö˵ˣҲ֪ԼһйԺҲü࣬͵ԭûҲˣҲŹ
ˣ˫ϲڱʹƵز󣬾һյΨΨŵŵЦˣǾͶҸ飬ôȥٽǱͽܣ
˻һ֣忪˿ڣ˫ϲ㲻Ҫ˶ʵʵ˵и³
˫ϲȷʵֻȥͩ͵ǴᶼҪûҲΪڸУαԴѣ
ɱٽֻҪϣôǮûˣûˣڡ
һ䣬˫ϲԼͲˣˣһüĽ˵Ժٲ֮ԼľѼոĻͥǻʲôû
˫ϲ״Ʒ񲣬ȴÿһ仰˵˵ϣ˲Ҳ˼
һʱѶھǰЩ
λ˶ԣÿڣˣ¹лҪʡ
ʹ˫һĿ΢΢һ⿴ȥ˵
лſ˫ϲղ˵ٽͽɣںδ
˫ϲձûֽʣ飬ý˿ѯŷǰλѻ๫ĴƺǸŮӡ
ŮͬҲûϵˡ
˫ϲһüǲ˶˵ٽԷ˨ãʲôԽգ淢ʹҪָ˨һ롣
ҪشԹԵǿɷΪΣٽʲôУѾѯΪάԼһĴλãƽûٿӺˣǱҵǸ
ˣġ˫ϲ䵭Թޡ
ǲٽֳҷʱҪʱ䣬˫ϲʱͩ޷Ϊһʵġ
䣬ȴƽͣ㻹δش𱾹ٵĻ
˫ϲ΢΢һ٣ŹһЦˣ㻹ûٽ磬Ƿ˨Ӷãλʲôڴͽܣ÷˨еĹȻԼȥ͡
һв˨ӣǷ˨ӲôҪ淢˨ǾݣüҲȥ
⻰ʹǽ񺣬˽۾һ
Ǽͬģһʣд£


14 
һͬʶŤͷȥӰӰأڵλʹݣֻ˿ߴˡ
ţʣҲƸɽһΡ룬
ʲôδƼѸٴۣĿٶڳ˫ϲϡ
ССü࣬ʮλˣӡͼλ̫࣬ͳҲ˰ˡ
ɾôˣȴÿ˶һףҲĶǣ˲
ǼôԶսƽʱǻãһսʱҪս
еˣԸ̫ƽūҲԸѪþᡣ
޸֮ķ׾Ҳǳ嵱ͷˡ
ǰЩ꾰߹ضս£ʦЩݡ˨ʱӱ֮С
ֻӵǺܴ󣬾Ҹսü࣬ѰͨԺҲᱻٽסѱ
ǶڣֻüʣǷ˨Ӳʮӣѵͬٽ·𣿡
һ·ʲôЦó˫ϲͻȻЦˣ֪ľ츳
츳Ŭʮܳʦɴٽü࣬ǰź´Ʒû츳Щƴʮ꣬ҲȻӣĶܿãȴû
˨ǡþֿŬģСʱ룬Ϊ˸պŬ䲻˵ȴңȴҲѰ˶Ҫá
˫ϲ֮ͬϡ·𡣡
񺵹ǵ澪ˣǷ˨ӿССͣд˵գˣҲɱʦɣ
ʻѲپн
Ҳ˨֤ް참ʱ䣬ֻȻȥ湤зգٽĶ֮Ҫʵǰ˷Υװɡ
񺻰һתѵٽʲô֮Լ޷
˫ϲʶش𣺡ɲǣ˭֡
˵ͬסļһˡ
һΣʹ˹ڡ
ȸղŻҪͳͬдĵɭ
Ŷ˵صּüල죬Ϊ̫ٵķҲǷ˨湤ҲԵԭֻ򡭡
ݳ˫ϲĻһһٵֻٽƣ˫޷ȶϹһƷÿһ֮㣬˵üˣ֪¡
ʹɤƴŶȾű˴ĵ﷢
˿̣˫ϲݻҰܣҡ
£ڲƭʵۣ˵ô󲻾֮һŭ޷ˡ
˨ӵ죬ٽأŻѱֻĸԸٽ󵱡ͽܡ
ü£ٽȴҲڻʵǰɫΪü಩ʹ͡
ǣ˶Ļ̥˶ֻŷɣȻĽƱٻ
ЩУȴ̲ȥɱٽ
ô˱Ƕٻ治ģǸҪ·ΣأҲҪų켺ճΪüĴҡ
һʱ䣬нǰתǧأ˫ϲҲѳ״ɵһ䶼ٶ˵
ۿʲʲôʹȥѺйü࣬ȸ֪κӡ֮´˰ս챦
ó˫ϲϳѶңʹĿ䵽ϣСǡˣѶֽҪ
񺵹ûֻܳ񣺡лָ㡣
֮ʹƶ豭һڲ衣
漴ƮƮ뽪С
СǴ֮ǰӹﴦõ˳츮ƷƹٹְɣʹСǴ˻Ѷܶϰô֮ǰȫ޹ơ
ͻȻЦһǵ͵Ƶɤýһݡ
ЦػЩϤ
СǴ˺ƾճһ㣬ұ˾Ҳ鲻ףΪѰ
ŶðСǴⶼǽְ֮Ҳðˡ
һСǴˣѽֱӽеɤۡ
ֻ˹˵죬һ䣬ޡ
ȴɶŶ֮òһ㶼ʧ롣
᷿Ѷİ΢Ҳÿ˵ݣƺҲղÿ˵ġ
Ѳ⣬˷Ҳ֪ǷѶࡣ
ʹˣĪǲüɱ˰ôǰѯת¹ϣ¹ٿкβף
ҲᣬǿӲȴ
¹ԭǷ˵ȣǰֵһᣬֻͻȻ˴Եͬǰ˼ԵŲøһְٰҲΪ˺ıѣ˵棬ҲЦȷף֪ܵʹۡ
񺻭һתϬ¹٣ʹ˵أ֪ʹݣҲ֪ؾΪΣ
ֱ죬ĵ̣͸ʽù٣̽ƺǲ֪
Ȼһޣ֣ɫ崺ǰһᣬ䵶˽ķ
󵨣ߴǧƱˡ
ڽҲضãҲԼͬǰһͬ󵨣
һ˲ţձ֮ѶҪᡣ
ϥϽգͦζţݵ侲ƸͲǰĵ⡣
һߣʹɶŲ豭Цδ
ʱǳǳһڲ裬ȻžһѲ豭ŵֱ߷ϡ
ͬΪ٣αԣʹ࣬ȴЦ䣬Сǡˣ
СƺںһƳ̡
ƺϺǺΪλŮƹԭǡ
˫ֽգȴһɣ͸Ц⣺ǣЦˡ
ԣϢ֮䣬챦Ʊ㱻¼
ͱٽҪѾʮͣԵúǲϡ
ɱ˰ļ尾޶Щ߰ףԵ쳣㲡
һѶģոճ˫ϲѪ۵ӣҲѾƼ
˿̸һѶңδ̼ܣʹȡ
ˣУʲôУҴˡ
޵һѱһᣬֱǿ
֮ʹظ㶼ʲôѾ鵽ģջüิٳ˵͵͵ϱκӡ˵ٽ˽üഫͼ
ʹ챦û졣
ɴ۾죬ύò㵡
ˣôô֪ġ
ʹͬĶߣÿϣ챦ƣ֪һ仰Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ֮º֮ϣûҽ鲻¡
СǴˣ˵𣿡
񺲢δشʹĻüһ壬챦ƣս֤ʣٽʱǰҲü࣬Ƿͬȥһ
ٽҹȷʵüֻ࣬뿪֮󣬾˿
ǡ
ϢᣬֱӲ²⣺ǷһԼȥԾƣ̸޷ü࿪ڵ£
ôһ糿ĵ߷ãƴճ˵ж챦ͬʱ뿪ü࣬Ƿٽͬ·
ͬ·ôٽϵķۺθеľ⣬󵨲²⡣
Ȼ˶벻ǣʹƹһթ챦˱жȥ̱ڵʹʧ
Ǿȫ˵ˡ
ҳϣУɱġ
޺ţٽǹɱģ


15 
챦ջܿסȻ벻˳츮ͽô죬һҹѾҹ֮˸߰˰ˡ
ټǰ漸˱ѶʱĲҽУ챦˶ˡ
йѾʧȥ˼
ȻǾȣȷʵû뵽챦ƻôȴɵǾѶȿưƹ·ͬʱֻǰ̼ǰһţԷй
챦ܳŹһҹˡ
ΪüĴңѽΣĵλüԲض˵ҲˣǿŹҹ
տ̣ˡ
챦̱ڵϣҲû֣üԼС
챦һ¡
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֣һʱ֮侹ЩĿڣҪ֪ɱˣɱˡ
챦˻ЩĬˡ
ðΣ̾˿ҺҪɱ
һ֮ǰҸϳһһյƣ̽Ҫ㾦ٽæ
챦һ˵𽥲ٲ侲
봹ͷңס˲ϵݡ
ҸϳºķѰѪʶǼ˫㾦ۣٽͰѹԼϣڱ¸ǰͷҲƣٽڱǰյ̽ķٲ¡
ǵѪԼһĻͥ·
ûǼԼǣҲ᲻öŮǡ
ˣǲ˵̫Ѱˡ
֡䣬챦ɬʹ࣬ҪСС֣ûûҹظϡЩķѪĶܶʱ򣬲ǰƬ̵⡣
ۣգϲˣ־ܶ
ǽǣЩⶼ磬챦˵ţһƵӰ£Ѫ˭ĻͥأƽҲȼҪǿ
䣬ǧǧ档
챦ԾͼҪĻͥΪס˨ӳȴս£Ѿ˼Ϊ˽
Ѷ˽ԡ
챦Ƶ˴˿̣֪޲ԣҪʣﻰг
ٽһҵ·Һ޲ɱۿɣ̲ˣҹԼʳȥż̸һ¡
̽һձǵ㾦¥ߣҲһ¥֮ߣıʯǶ
գҲѣСҲѡ
ٽϹϲԾ⣬һղԾܣҲһŵýﶼǱТһ˵Ҫͬˡ
֮ͬǰ˨ӵ֤Ǻˡ
ʱʹͻȻڣôɱ
챦ƵĻȻϣһ˲Щ񣬺ðŽͰ͵ңҽžƣˡ
ٽ󰮳Ծƣȴܲƿվƾ²֪
챦ƶ˶٣ͷøͣǲһԼɱΡ
Ҽ²֪̱˻øĺȻ߲ϣ߸ߵڷϡ
˵ţĻ˳ˡ
ѰɱˣǼ֮¶֣·֮Щң벻Լζ֣ΪҪ֡
챦ԤıɱˣҲ˵ڶ֮ǰѾеĲ裬ˣļǲܳƫġ
ȴ˵òǺ˳Щ֮
ѻ˵Ͳ˵ˣƺڵȴǵѯʣҪһһ䡣
вɻ󣬵ȴδʳڣֻǰȴ
֮Ӱ˿ڣСǴˣߵ򣬲󡣡
ʹɵͳɴ˿ȴЩºͣͬ׽һ㣬֮ŵһɡ
ǽнʧ
ôᡭôôϤ
Ȼʱ˿̣üޣϸ룬챦ϡ
챦ƣȻ˵ɱģ˸ƺĸӺζֱںδۿҪɱٽ󼴱ǳ˾ƣѵܣ
һ⣬ֱӰ챦ˡ
챦ƶ˶٣ƺͷҰüʱѻԲѣֱӰǰԺϣȻѸٰѸ
챦Խ˵Խ˳µҲˣΪٽᣬǿ׳¶˼ãɱ֮
շǰãͲ㾦κӡǶ˼٣ôҶϢһհ¹֮ü༸ˣҶȥˡͬٽԾƻü˴඼˯£ҳô˻ɱúֳȻѸ붪˺ĳǺ
ΪҪ²áΪӱ֮ߴĲΪڸǸۼ
ǰȫ۾΢ɱ˺вãΪװŪװʦү췣֮üĽˣᾪʧ룬ڿഫ֮󣬼ٲֳҲ©
˭û뵽üǰžȻˣֳ˿ϱ˹˳ͽ
һ£췣᰸
ɽ˵ţȴܾﲻԣȴ˵΢΢üͷʣΪλѰ룿ü࣬Լһף
챦Ʋ֪Ѿ˵ףλȴҪѯʣһʱЩ꣬ҲӲ
˻֪üҤ¯лſأЩһ۾úܣҲදˡ
˵ͻȻͣס˻˶ٲŵˣֺαشء
ҲԲ˵
ѹе΢ĩ֮УƶѯʣΰߵϷģ
챦Ƶܼ򵥣ֻҪܵϷ
˵꣬ŷ˶ɵؿŷ·Ȼһ㣬૵ˣǲǽˣ֪ƺҲ֪촫Щַù˵ģʵѲʲô
ʵǸֳҺܿͲˡ
ҵרһ˵й֮жǵȥ٣ֻʣ죬Ϊе֮Ϊ˲˷֣صزؽ˿ⷿڣ
챦ƻ̧ͷѶ֮ãŷ·ͻȻ˽Ϥİ˸ߵ
챦㶣漴ȴɿش𣺡ǣµԭᱻǲµٽǱϷģҰ
񺳤嵭ģ粻䣬ʳһ⣺챦ƣ֪ٽ󲢷ڸѨ
챦ʶ𣺡ܣɱġ
˽񺣬Ѷ˶רע챦ƣϸ緢ҲδϿκǡ
ƶܼ֣˾ɱġ
ŵʱǷҪԷĸ룿
챦ƺû׽ǰ仰ǳʵش𣺡δֻ˵Ҫ룬Ļһδ
Ҳ˵͵͵ȥ룬еһ֪Щ˵˼˱컨ĸ룬ǰнףҲЩ챦ƲϤ˵м䵽Щ©ġ
ˣѾס
תͷ硣
ˣҶˡ
͸翴ȥ֮ڵĸߴѾֱ壬Ͷϣ챦ơ
񺿴ݣҲ
֪˿ʲô
Ȼһ̣λʹȴͻȻʣⷿԿأ


16 
ЩԾ
ⷿԿһǸոմСѯʶδͬһۣȴλһֱĻĽʹȴһеġ
ô֪ģ񺲻Щɻ
˽ʣʹڣймҹ棬ٹ¸˾Ž³̣Ҫ㡾ְأ¡
һ˵񺵹ǲкβף챦ɫԽҰףίڵأҪȥ
ʱǰһ챦ƣ㻰𡣡
챦ƶŴ˿ŽͰ͵ԿסҲڴҲש¡
˵꣬㳣̾Ҳ˵
ѶһʱžƬ֮󣬽񺲻ૣαأ
ʳһǣȻҪɱΪβڷ֮󣿴ʸ£ʱ⹦ɲ͸ǣ
ʻֺѻش챦ƴִִ˺üŻ̧ͷ
ĿⰧݣ۽־ڣˣ㲻ǽˣ֪һҲ֪ȴһƾ˾ϲ
Ľ£ȻֻΪĵζĨɱҲʦүĶ󡣡
챦ᣬڳȴ壬һ˿ڡ
챦ͷ˫ҰܵխСĸߴ
ѶΨһ⣬ҫ
ٽû˽˵Υʦүѵ룬㴫ҵ
챦Ƶɱ
ɱ˱ץδ꣬һһ˳еڶֵһ̣õл׼
챦˵꣬һλ۾ҲϿˡ
΢̾Ťͷʹ
λʹȴһֱƽƺа飬й½ṇֲ̀
ʹָܵ˽ߣδɣСǴˣ˱ɽ᰸ɣ顣
˷üɱ˰˳츮Ķ࣬ϱʱһһȥ֪Ҧˣл
书򣬾Ͱ˳츮˵Э참񺲻ֻ˳츮ƹ٣΢ᣬ಻֪Ҧ׼Ӧԣ׼ȥҦˣԼһ
ǣ¹ˡ
ʹ˲δػ͵Ӧʣ˱뿪Ѷҡ
ȻµѥղȵǰʱȴͳɤСǴˣǾʦʿ
Ų٣һƿţһ߲ͷش𣺡ǣ˿Ӧͬ硣
һ˵һŶЦŵԵ֡
˵ţ˳츮ңңȥһδͣ
˳츮ˣ֣ͰѶڵУξǲȥǰ԰챦Ƽ̼ܵϡ
챦ƴ˿ңãȻ֪Σλǧ˱ΰ̼ϣŴγѣʧʣˣҲǶ𣿡
شĲߵǧǰ棬ǸߴӰ
˶ʱĽʹѾӰӰ´µ챦ǰ
챦ƿӢݣ͸ű亮һۣʱɸ
ʹаŲ豭ϸָڲ豭Ħɳɳ졣
챦ƣñͼ㻹û˵塣
ʹҪһֲ˵
򣬡ʹѶڻص֪ʲôζ
һߣżһ·ȥ
ǽǵסյʦǴסһ䣬ʣµѧͽǼһ䣬ü໹Ҳӵ
·ϣͬ磬ˣʹĻһֲ©˵
֣ǣ¹ס
һ·ǰߣüͷ΢δưԵóɸ
շԸòͷˣЩɻһѵʽ񺣺ˣưĲˣ
̾˿ȷʵˣҲйܾʱ죬ϸ˵ΪΣ˵
ֻҶѡ
һ˵ţӰ˺᷿ǰ
ǰ᷿ǰŶͨʽÿһſסʮˣһŶǵ䣬Ϊסˣ䶼խ˴޷¸ʲ
˴ҲǽǵסüƬסĶüĽ˼Ҿ죬ֻйæʱ򣬽ǲŻסü࣬ʱɹȥ
ûȥǰ̷ֱͨһţÿһ䷿ⶼƣǺܼ򵥱Ѱٽĵ䡣
ǰСѧͽǣڱѯʺѷŻؼȥĵмС
һӵüĳ˫ϲһǸĻķ˨ӡ
˫ϲ永̫࣬ͳҲǮС»ûգ˵ҲС
˨ӴҪУÿκ͹˳飬ϾٽѾǵ㾦ֻ˨ӻᣬ䲢δʦôҲЩ
Ļ˵ɴ˵СҲСκ뱣·˨ӣһ˳ͬһ˵ñС֮
˵˨ӻ
ˣŸн֣Ҳδֻ֣ڳ˫ϲ˸Уξܡ
ǵʱУξԶԶ֣Ǵˡ
ͷ˫ϲһֱδж
Уξ𣺡Ҫ˼ˮ˵ˣ˿ۣ͹ҩȥ
Ե·
񺲻ϡ棬УξЦˣǰᡣ
֪ǿӷˣʲôĶУе˼ҪͷҲ̸Це˼㲻ɱͷҲԼԼ޲ðҹϵԾ
ͷ濴һ˺档
Уξᣬ˵ϳɣ񺲻ɶ࿴һۣʮ߰ͣҲͱԼСôһ꣬Ǻܼ档
УξģֶǳϮְλнǾУ˼Ҳ֡
ҲģܽˣлС˧ָ㡣
УξǺҲ˵˵ɷҲ
˵䣬ƿţ챦Ƶĵ䡣
Ƭмң˴֮ɸɾ˴һϯһִɲ룬˽
˳챦ƵĻڴѰңʱĴӵһשһԿס
ԿһȡʱЩԾ
ԭⲢֻǿⷿԿףֻڴУһ֧ͭԿףɢ
ԿףڹϸƬ֮󣬽ֻһǿⷿԿףʲô
˽Բʶ۾ȥʷ˨ӡ
˨Ӿסߵĵ䣬ʱƽˣ
˳츮鰸
˨ȻΪӻδ壬ˣûأ˿
ֱŶ룬ϣ˨ӲδδͷɥҲ֪˫ϲ챦ƶ˵ʲôС̵еľ̥
ǼŮƹ٣Ҳ£ʣˣ֪ʦζ
ȻսѯʣѾ֪ʦǱʲôʦү췣˿̵ǻʦ
ûлشĻֻԿǰһƣһʣѶԿף
˨΢΢һ㶣漴ͷȥֻһۣϳȫԿס
С鷿ԿףԼͼмǰǿⷿԿףκصض͸ʦõģһѡ
۾ϸȥϿԿס
ʣϿкΣ
˨֪޲ԣϿúʯͣҤȼ֮á
мúʯ͡
ĸеĲɻнµķˡ
кβأ
񺴹еԿףߣȥϿ⿴


17 
Ͽλü࣬ͬҤ¯ܽмȴźԺǽϿ֮ĸˮףϿˮ
ü±Ƿ̽ɣҤ¯ôϿҲգδ
ֱԿ״ϿⷿţŶȥһȥһװˮˮס
üˮĺˡ
üˣô鱦üҾ߻һǾκҲҪһԴ
ϷһúζΪ˶գǹζǳ壬ֱš
񺱻Ǻ˰벽Ȼס˿ڱǣŻ롣
Ϸһúʯúʯʢţһ룬һСʢŵĻͣͬúʯȣ͸ȼѸҤ¶ȣ˴Ҳüೣ֮
Ҳ֪ǾòãϿҪ˶ĴֻҲŵĻ͹࣬Ѿѵſڴ
ǰúʯͻ˻
˳Ͽ⣬ǳһϿСѧͽʣⷿеĶб䶯
СѧͽѾһգʱĻ˺þòŴ𣺡δ
񺿴۾֣㻰Ϲ٣ѱ飬Ҫġ
һڣСѧͽһ顣
ʹ۾ŽͰ˵󡢴ˣϿʲô䶯С
⼸ϿеúʯͻǷж
СѧͽУеġ
˿ĭ˵ٽ֣ԵЩ¡
١ٴ֮ǰ˵֮֮ҪҤ¯ϱκ˰ٽ͡
ٽʱģ
Сѧͽʹ˰죬һŵĺǵСҲ֪СǰҲعһϿ⣬СˮĻѾ
ͷСѧͽȥţȥ
ʲſڣˣѾ᰸˱챦ɱǻʲô
ʦ뿪ʦʱصؽ̵ʦʺ֮·ֻҪԼӵ㲦Լʦͨ
ҲΪνᣬȴ˳츮˳ɼɡ
ӵг޷ĶƶҲ˸ϸģҲ
ʦʱ㲻ʦ㣬𰸡
ѧʣʱգҲԳʦ
Դ˿̣ɻ˵ڡ
ѵÿڣݲɷһЦ޸ղǰء
֪ѽ᰸еÿһѯΪãʱһ΢ϸڣ㹻Ѱһ
ף֪ˣл˽̻塣
ϣһʸˣʱнֻۣ¼Ϊá
˵̧ͷ˿ɫŷϼʱ֡
һҴҷԸ磬µʬĿҼǵøСһݣͬѰ
˷Ը꣬죬ǵûȥˡ
һ참ëҲĲˣԺǾˣ¶ڡ
ҴſȥЩҲ֪ΣͻȻּͻ飬Ҳδͬǰָ㼸䣬ŪҪأŻȥӻؼҡ
ʱڣ̲ס̾˿ټֱˣʲôӡ
˵ʱѾͬ·ϣ䵭ݣҲ̲ס¶ֵǡ
ʦ㣬治ɣԺ壬һȥɴ¡
𿴳һ˪ݣҲԹԵúǳ죬ϾȽСһ꣬⻰һڣԵЩ
ԭ˿Ļ̲סЦ
ͬ壬ڴ졣
Ҫ룬Ҳúڶһʣӹݡ
Ҳ֪ģ˿һδܻģͺԾԾԡ
۲תЦƯķĿ뵶ůĴհ
Ǻڴ
ת֮Ҳ촽嵭üۣ濴Ž񺣬˵ڵĻҲΪ
ʦ㿪ıá
ʱʶȴһʦ£ҲʦʱδݹѵĶ飬֮׽Ҫ˶ݡ
ݷ˳츮մüȥҲ̫ңԶСﴩԼĪһ̣ݷǰ
ȻȥЪϢ¿ո֪ҡ
ջڶθֲš
˶٣Ƭ̣ǵʦ㣬ʦŰɣ
񺣺
ɻ˼ҹ붼ǰӣԼ»øɸɾѣɼǲվǻա
ѣӦؼңҪùʳŻضμңԼʱӲ¿㲻Ѱң˳츮Ӧ
ʦ㣬ǲ߶䣬ﴫɤС㣬㣬үˡ
٣һ֣ͬһܣﲻס߶ڽ£²磬һûʲôϢ
ܶѸ٣£ͷݣŲ鷿С
Ƽ㣬ֻǸʲôŮྩĽݹ㡣
鷿ûȣͱק䣬־ͽѡ
С㣬ʱү㵽ˣƹ룬ֻ˵С̫ۣ֬Ѿ˯ҽϴ¡
ˡһ߾֣һױ
Ƥ𪣬ֻҪ϶װΣ׺֬֬ױݵĴҹ㡣
ȣվױǰҲƸϵüֶ
ѻãױϣھǰһţ֯廨Ь»ϣҲȡһ٣²á
Ϣ֮䣬·ˣ䵭ԳֵŮƹ³˽εε˶
ȫ꣬ҪŶȻƵǻһס񺣬ȡ˸״ƿС㣬лζøһǡ
ðԼŪͬӻ˸ŶЦ⣺顣
˵ţһƿţ˹ǰȥ
ݷǰʮ䣬һ¥̨֬ˮۣݸ֬һ¥ĻƷ̫ѰҲá
ˣҲƹһ¥磬֮ΣױƷ
ʱ򣬵жٻЩ֣ǰȴѻȸӺǰֻƼԼҵСɨء
΢΢üͷδüʣƼűߵȺĸߴӰ
ɴһͷϵɴñȡ£ֻʣɾ̴ڡ
ӳӢĲգһǻ⡣
ŲعͷŽɾһЦ
Цͬһ㣬ǹƻġ
ӣΪˡ


18 
·ϱǽǺɨصСҲס֣ɨҲҲǡ
ҲƱƻǰ𽥸ϼɫü۶͸ϲˣá
Ҳ͸Żϲ
ݷеƹСŻȻԶҵģǶҵ»ƽү
·ӹвǱݷĳͣͬҲ죬Цʣϰ壬๫
ǰͬ𲢼֣ӹ磬ϸڽϡ
ϼ뵣½
񺴽һ۱Ƽ⣺ǣҼҷ
ʻĴˬЦ̾ԭֻϰɣڣҲ֪˵ȢΪޡ
ˣǵЦλвŮòͯŮ䡣
񺱻˵ͷһԲǶƺѣ⻰ӢϸֳЦ⡣
λǣ΢һ֣Ҽ·
ֱԣ̲סЦףǶǳúϣӰ
ôһ֣·˱㶼Цһʱ䱦ݷſңֺúò֡
潪÷ñǰ벽ס˽񺽿ߵݣҹ¶أЩȥɡ
ϵķΡĿͨˣһˣҲɢȥ
ݷָֻƽ
ŻعͷӣΪǵһȥ
ǰֻ㸸¼ʱྩ
ȴ϶ʱ֪Цݲ䣬ǻֻٶȺͷңұ𷳡
Ц⣺ͬӲңܽзأ
ͷ֣Ҳ֪ǣƥһƥںڴһͺһȻ
׼һƥǸС˳ڽߣںʪģ濴񺡣
һϲḧĲʣƯʲôѽ
⧲Сǡ
񺼹һɻתʣС𣿡
Цݲ䣬񺣬ƺҪһۿȥ
Ϊ˵СˣɲСгס
˿̲Щȵֵᡣ
ĳ׵ıܼ磬ҲⲽҿǷܼԦ
ƶ˸ƣΪӶͬദΰ
ʱϡ٣ɫɫϼУϼ粡ϼε
һƬٺĹüĿ⣺๫ǣܵġ
˵ţڶȵĿУ䷭
ǸܵϾ꼱ƣײδȺȣų˻һ
ͷ߸ϿݱϼȾѪɫ·һ
˵ţ˫һţһק˱ͬҵļܷɳȥ
ݣ
죬۾ת
ӣҵȵΪ򰡡
⣬ȴް飬ϵ綼޷⣬ܰѴ±Ƴ
ƥߴĳףȴ˽񺾪ϲ
˳ɰʵǳʵŽһྩС
һžó졣
侲֮Ŭѹеǣǵɵģͬλʹر
ʹְ£ʹӴٺΪʵְƽΪβĴﴵҲһŲ֪
ղŶһ䡰СǡԼ˵ýش⡣
˼ȥסһ·ƽȥ
ȻƬ̣ŷֶδ׷
ԶزԼǰǿʤӣɲ׷Լ
㵱Լ˿̽ڳУΪܿգܼɣֻⲽԿˣ˶׷ϣǡ
һ룬̲סعͷȥ
һƬͮͮĻУŸͷԼ
ǳű΢䣬˫һۣԼ
һ٣治ɫƳһЦô׷ң
ᣬһƬУԭֺȴ׼ȷ׽Ļ
˵˫촽϶⼸֡
ϵıѩһ˲ȥ綬ȥ̡
Ҳҵÿӡ
˿ڿһ˲㿴仰
Ŀ΢ϸЦݣֻ˵ͷٴ
רעظ󣬶Ҳרע
ٶȴ죬ߣٶȱǰ»ҪһЩ
һǣƽĪҪģүܺãٷ£үһܾ
ҡҡͷҵǲҵĻȥСүҪ
⻰˵÷·ԼС͹үĸ飬Ҳ׮µһ㡣
ƱȽһ꣬ѾʮţԭȸѰ˼ңȣȴû뵽ԼĴͻ졣
ȣ²ᣬżѾ߼μҡ
ʵСһ꣬Ŷһŵ͵ʰ̯ӣ˵Եϳɳء
ƽ㣬ȴȰĿǣƽοүʲôƢ֪ٷʲôƢãǶò
ֻҪǻԷûݶллˡ
⻰Цй⣬Ц񾲡
ҪǮģƶ˶٣ҲףүϽҲøţպɡ
ھ˵ҲûܶԶ
˵⣬΢΢һ٣ҲЦƽҲ࣬ԭ˵ٷ֬ɫһһȻ¡
̾˿ǰСϲŪЩһһ죬Ưɫ޷ϵƷٲûҪ
˵ʲôǰ»Բ֪飬иڽֱƽųǰŲǰͬ񺲢ͣڴ⡣
ŵС˼ˣ򿪴š
䷭첽ߣ֣ӣ롣
񺴹֣ȳסĴ֡
䷭䵽ϡ
ֱδҲδ롣
޵ü۳ƳЦ峺ϵļ撚ˡ
˵ţ֪ǹýǳõ


19 
ûг֣ƽ߻Ц⣬ͬ˵ʱЩѹӵķΡ
ֻĵķǼɲġº͡ɫڽеģֻƮࡣ
ϵЦݲ۵ףôʣδϵ崺
ֻҲ˶崺
ЦҲǡô
޶һ߽˫֣ǻԷȥһޱ߼ʴ棬˭á
ȻϵļӣλЩͬأģдҲ佫õϵļӶڻڴɷģôָڡĽУ
ǣ֣ʹ԰첻
δشĻȴͻȻӡ˸ְΪǳζء
ɬЦЦ˵ʲôأ곤꣬ʱѾְУǻһǸӡ
˿ŶͺãҸջջ£Ǵ˸ƲңǺã
ôأ㣬˭ŵԣԵʱ´ͻ飬нöĽء
һԣһڰǻԷ
һ𲢼룬㶯˶֣˵һΪջ£ǷˣһҾȥڣڸ׼ûҲʡķ޹⡣
Ƴһۣһţеıỵ̂ȴ־䶼Ŀ
ӷģ£ΪλѾĸұ˻񣬱׼ӷ⡣
⻰Цݸ˸ǾͶлˡ
˻˵Ѿ뿴ԷԾȥ鷿¥ط
Էųһգˡ
ô˵ţûˣֱӻЬбб˹ϡ
æһգȥϴ棬ѩź档
ѩģһѩӸС㣬ǻԷСǲĴǴӾ¥߼ģ峴ըͨŪװǸĳԭźϷ˵ģү곤θֲãϷү޸ĸŰѳ
Ҫոߣ޷£ѩãֲ£ǲʱѩҹ¡
ѩҲܣһչ򣬾ͰǻԷ¶ˡ
ԭҾ˵˵ƽĺǳ谮޸ĸүҲˣŰүŹԾͨղ;ҪôͲЩֵֹĶֻ˲黨ǲݣҲ˹ܵϡ
Ŷ͵͵ģĸ⣬ֱĸû֣μҲҸﳼ֮Ůһ˵ͷֻö𵱸ӡ
ιǱ´ͻɻȥ޿䣬ﵹҲ˵
ιأ£շ˲֪ȴǸ޵ˡ
ȱҪ곤ʮ껪ЩӢֺܸߴҪӲ˵ʵЩŮġ
ƫôһŮˣûʵ۱ߵСصҪǣʱӭǣʷС˵ѿ¾
˶˵ĸǺڵģŰ裬ΪڹǰҲ֡
ٹôϱ¾ƫڱ¸ǰ̫ۡ
ԵɺϣͬͶԵλͬ˵ȫͬ
ǵ˵޸ʱ򣬹ȴɵѾͷΪǺá
һ£˵ʲôĶУе˵Ҫе˵ϺүϲүԸҲе˵Ҫ׺Ͷ󲮵ĹְܣܲΪǺá
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꣬Ӣݵ̬ȴ˼͡
ǰ޵ÿͰ͵Сѵɵӣµ治ɣΪҲñ¸־ҲẦ㣬ҲӶ׮£ҿǳɵġ
˵ţüĿ֮¸𣺡ǲɡ
˵ţȾŵ̵ָۡ
ơơơ
㵱ùȥǿԲ·Ǿ
Ӣϣһ˲չ¶Цݣ˵һ׼
ҲˣûڣΪɵؼ޸˶
׮µǺǻǰȴƶǺǻίԼ
չȥҲûίԼĴ㡣
ѳɣԵ綨ȴ԰ã˭ȥ˭
˼ЩƮԶ˻С㣬үȥ÷
÷֣Ӳɹ
һʱ䣬СѾǶЦˡ
ջ˿Ѿ³֣ҹɫ
æһգˣһѩĶͷЬߣ÷ȥ
Ѿ٣ֻڷɴһ֦̽ҡ߶ذ׵Сζȴκ졣
ѾжȥϵױݣֻЩ֬Щҹɡ
Ѿ˽ݣЩʧ
ĿȫϵĲƷУûע⵽
ϲƷ£ĵĵȵÿһ̫࣬Ҳ̫ݻ
ĵȵоԵǴŹǺͰ˱Ѽ⻹ɽҩľǽĿζ
Ҳ֪δϲãʳʱ¶һ֣ʳ¶һ֡
ͬԵĹǲͬδθж֮ɫֻȻЦ񾲣ΪˣҵĿζҲֻаĳ֪ȥʣɲǵñһ
񺻰һתһϬʻҾǲ֪ѾͬҰϵܣﶼ֪ܶ޲ԡ
˵ţȴǱ亮⡣
ƱǰٽᣬҲǱǰ˵á
һˣҲûʲôСֺãΪ̽
ȶҪ̽ǽҾ͸ڳһ뿴ӣݼȫ¡
ȻʣĶҲֱ壬˫һۣβ˵ȫȥֻʣࡣ
ñͿΣ˫ۺһЦЩüЦ⣬ӢݱʱӲ
Ǵӹ͸Ӳ֮ͬˣᱻ˷ò塣
۴Ǻպյġ
һֱ壬ʶȻһ䣬˻֣źѾС˱£ֻ̼ʣ·򸾶ˡ
ʱ̧ͷɭ䣬ȴº͵Цݣֱˡ
ֱ˴ĵëȻ
΢΢üͷô˵ˣ
ͳЦǳǳɢôأ
ӵߣ˳ָԮϣͣߡ
ϺëЩ಻סҪԶ롣
δüڵձ㶸Ȼһ䣬ߵĶҲ˲ʧƴδڹһ㡣
ʶֻαϣֳ°ͣƺŪһ㣬һŶӵЦ⡣
ѽ컬࣬ǶЦǲˣ


20 
΢΢ҧгݣӦңûпӡ
ȡ˿ӣ˫ֳʸ񺣺ӣ
񺶼֪˵ʲôá
ոһ˲䣬Ϊʲô˫ˣһɭᣬͨƶ˼
񺼴ôసӣҲ˳츮˽꣬ȴҲδɭˡ
֮ǰǸ᯴ˣҲŶư֡
Ȼһ̣ϵȴȻһ䣬ǹ֮꼻һ֣ƴδֹ
ˣڵظʢڼȳⲻô࣬档
񺣺
ֲôӻۡ
˾ȴ»ָƽ䵭Ŷֻʣɷҷ֮ʣδش𡣡
ǲ룬ǲܣ
ۣеڼ˹š
ȻһҪ֪ΪҲͬ˸ԭЩԵ֣Ҳ죬˱´ͻʥּһұ˴˸һپơ
Ͼǽᷢӣ⣬ǱҪ֮ϲ֪ܵ
Թ׹ӣǻ³ɼƽ˳ȥ㲻ܶǳ˫ɣҲиٰüǣ
񺵹ûйһ˾ͺĻ̵ǰŻ£һֱδġ
ȻҲֻ˵Ưѡ
̧滰˵꣬ſ񺣬ϵӣ֮ԣǷף

񺿴ĵķƽ޲˵ʼϽ㣬չһЦ
޴⣬ͬǰȣ
ȻһЦѵӵӣ
Ŀ΢ˣҽ񺼴Ǳͻ飬㡭ͬҳɻľʦ˵ӣҲϲ˿Ц
Ҫ÷⾫ʣҪ˶ãҪЩҵˣòҡ
˵ţԾͷ޳Ĳͬ쾱ӣ߹š
СƢ
δ໰棬ȴǸ۷޵ӣ˶˼
ＦɹַӣǰҲǶǳʵ۱µԧףţճһԶޡ
ˣǽԴϲ
ǰŮжȥױݣ˿泯죬ԵñƽҪۼ֣Դ֮ȴǸ߰Ӳ϶κ˵ͷ
Ц
ԣһеģȾЦ⣬ΪҲ˼
ֻǸӣñﳩ죬ҲҪһԶޡ
˵ͬһﳪϷʵȤöûͬҴϷĻˡ
Ƴһۣ۶ϣЦˡ
Ȼ⣬ôҲñʾһӣ˹Բˡ
ǴŹ𣬴ŴǵСãһҧʹӹ£֭ʣ壬۽ȥ
ۣѩԲǻԷĴյ˵á
Ҳ룬޶˱㿪ʼԲˣΪΣ
ǰһ죬˸ָǻƤա
Ϊأü䣬仰չ¶Ц
ϲŭ޳ݼˡ
ҲЦӯӯؿŽ񺣬ӣǶҸĸȥ磬е强游ĸĸֺܰݣѰ
Ӱ㿴ǾֻһأִʮƥٶͲˡ
ҲɣҲƼˣǱݷ⼫ãԭ游ֵ꣬׬ӣϧͻȻͻ飬һңˡҲͬ游ˡ
޳ȥŮóȥˮأҪùӡ
ﲻţӲ
ͶһԣһȴԷ˳
ԸرʮֲԸȻһԷҲͬˣм֡
ݣҲ١
գգ۾˼ͷȻ彪һЦ
˿һЦС⡣
ӣ²Ἣˣǿı
Ӱƣȡ֮еҵδӾͬˣ϶͸ŻϲҺǿ
糺죬һЦҲˡ
һʳûö٣ȴ˵һ𣬴ʳͬԷ
һȥ͸ûͷƵһͷϡ
ˣƸ磬ͬ˵һʱ̵Ļ鰸ۡ
żЦС㣬ү
Ĭˡ
Ƭ̣Żҿ͸һ˼㣬ͺ˵ˡ
˽ִֹĸֻܸ游ĸɳƮ޷ȣϲϲ桢ϲ֣ʧѣ˽֮С
񺻺˵ţȴ̰ƣһһ̰ƣǾûô᲻ɴݡ
ˣá
Ƽʵ٣ϴȻźЪ¡
˿鷿ڣڶ顣
ƺѡ˱飬˼ҳȴһߣȥˡ
ʰ̣㶯үͬٷ̸òͦãүķʲô
ʹĶǣ֡
Ц˵ү˭֡
ǽְ£˭ɵ㣬˭ƶĸΡ
ҡҡͷȴǵͬ˵ǲܷģһͻᱻǣűߡ
֪мˣ
⻰զࣺٷ
˶٣ͻȻݸһЦȤү²Ƕٷ˶ģŻ˱ǣ񣿡
ٷү㰡߶ү䡣
΢΢һ٣Ƴһۣ˵˵
ɫδֻԹԳ˿ڲ裬Ȼŵ㣬ܶĳ
ôԣһᣬ̾˿δٶԡ
޳ָϵ飺Ҳ㣬һǱ㲻ʯĳܱƲĴ򶯡
˵ţǳǳЦˣҾڴյĻ
֪ҵҵģʲô棿


21 
ţǽһ¡ء
Ȼ˰ѻ˵޷졣
峿ϴ֮صѡһ޵ˮ촺Ϻ챦ʯĵϷҡüĵĵױ˱ͬˮܽذ㣬ĿĶ
ýʢװ֣Щʧ񣬻ǽȤôˣѵ̫÷ߵ
Цַ¥㣬˭˲ߵ
⻰ˣ񺽿һЦһЦЩ
ùʳŸϵľ˸࣬صѡ˼ƥĺɺ;˸һһƥ游ĸ游ĸ׼ģ游һϽལĸ˫洺ů硣
ֻнĸǸء
˷Ƕսһһ׼ģҲ񣬵ľͺѵá
Ŵ˻Щģ֮УҲЩ˵ĸл
Ƶɵȴ£µϸƯ
ʳϲɫ֪ܸˣҲ˼֣ȻϲǹƥЩУ˰֡
ˣӿ⣿üۼ䶼Ц⣬΢΢רע񺡣
񺴹ŵͷˣֻƷѣǼСܳе
Ǽĸ֣Ȼ˵˿ڣ˵߻ߣڵ
񺵹жܿعԺ󻹵ùӣɲΪš
ﷴ׽Ǽĸ֣֪ǲǽ˳֮ԣȴ̲סΪ˶Ļš
ټĻţҲת˲
ýĻϸֵɫ
ǰ˴գѹģ˼ƥǹǼҵϹˡ
ŷġ
ֻҪԼǮôãùǮ棬Լңһǧ⡣
ʶ˻ʱҲʱϲһƾǸ߸˵¼
ƥһ·ϿǺƺƵǰĴ罪ǹʱˡ
ƱȽ곤꣬оָʹ˾ָ£ȶĴƷʹ˰뼶
뼶ǽƿãо˾ʵʵָ¡
ϹսѪ˹ģͨƾˣſһվһˡ
˼ſڣƿ˵ͬʺã磬һˣ
һ㽿ӣƴӲȥãҲѵЩЦ⣬һ߳彪ͷһ߶ǵԵ֣㻹Ҫһ硣
ɻһֺ壬໰˵ǽƱͳţҲſڰ˻ϲ໰û˵
ջţǿɺú˵˵
Ҳܶ£һſڣͬ˸
磬ԭҲҴ磬ϼףɲϲһ׮
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ͬ˸ŹŽ
ڲӲӳ֮£ĿῴһЦ
вŮòվһǽͯŮƯͬɾ
ˣŵĲ΢΢£
ǰһã÷򣬼游ĸ岮ѵȺǻǼ𻰡
ǻϲһ߿첽ֳһ߻ͷ𣬻½Ҹ
ҲεЩСˤ
񺰵Կ˶һ䣬˵ϷȫྩҲȶʺϵˡ
űյ̾洺˰
ƽҪԵһȣݳ߶СһȦԲ𲻴
һң첽ǰȥ
ǰǰһ۱㿴Ⱥڵ游͸ĸס
Ȼͬ˵Ȼͬ񺿴ˣ̲ס۾
游ףĸסһ˵ţһ߿Щ޳
δ˷ģһʱ侹Щ֪롣
ӡǺܲģǰŴ˵дʲô㿴⼸˸
ò˵еĸܻܵ治١
Щ˼˶ٽŲִư벽λȵĴ˸ߡ
ƿЩ޴룬ȴδֻ÷һ̤䡣
˵ʱѾڰӷҺ㡣
ӷؿ۵ҲǺͮͮģȻᡣ
ɵѾͷӣԺͻؼ
˵ţȰؿ˶𣺡᲻ϰɣ
һ˶ſҲ治ɫڵظĸ̩ɽ˸Ҳ𣺡˵ģӵļңôӹء
Ļشӷ⣬˵ͷŮͷˣĪҪ֣ȥ񡣡
ߣһλϵİ£˴
̬İ㿪˿ڣŮͷĽҺϲ
΢΢һ㶣Ű׺ӣͿڣǼûôأһҳԶٷǼѾͷͬĸ˵˵ǡ
ϲүЦǺǵģر
Ŷˣɶôûͷģ
𣺡
ŰԲĬƬ̣ڵ游ȻҪһƥǧԣûУѰõٸ游
ЦƺܰǰõݶƷ
ʱ游ɺˣãȥ̤ࡣ
Ц۾ҪƲֻúúãҾ֪Ѿͷͷӡ
˵ű֣ȥ
˿̰Ӻͷ˶ұٶȹд˵Щ黰ɡ
ŲǰݼˣõΣǷףҲûʲôҪ
ͬĶһ˫ö񣬶źݺ˿
䳤ǧϰǸͯһĺƳߣĸԼǼλ˸磬һһˡ
ý񺱻ĸȥլŵڿڣһڽ١
ͯүЦǺλ棬ӽ֮ʡЦ⣬ͨɣǺЩɷǡ
һڣö𼹱
ֻ֮ʡʣǶʲô飿ڹӼѧϰ
һԲ֮ʡԽȰ޷޷ٰݽʹɣ
֮ʡἫˣкνʲô£
𣺡
¡
֪ǰ˭ˡ


22 
ƾիĸ¥ϣ񺱻ܻ§ڻУͬС˵μ£μҵ游ĸܺͰͬ˵Ƿ۸ңֻܸǣ
죬Զ׼ĵ⣺ҵġ
ܻŮĺ󱳣΢̾׮ʵڡ
һĸ׵֣֪ﵣңҲ֪ӣɱ󣿡
һ˵ܻϵ˼֣̲סһ½Ķͷٹţ㻹ܵ⣿
ЦЦֱ壬ס֣ģҲԼӹġ
ܻϸϸŮһգǹҫĻ
ܻŷ㰡㼸ҶǣѡŮ㸸Ϳеģԭ㻹Сǲôޡ
û뵽ʥϻͻȻͻ飬ܻ˵΢٣˵ʥǷ񡭡
˵ȥ۵ȴ·ӿ
ȴ֣ᣬϸȰǱʲôּ᲻֪׵׮죬ưոݣΥ£ҲۼҳԿࡣ
ЦޣŶԼ˵Σ˵˭游һױǵڶˣŸѽ
˵õҲʥּһܻ͵ǵҪԲ·ˣҲǽ֮ʡȰοǻ£ǿ׼
֣ȴƽոͲ߶ܻͬƽļλ˲ͷĸ֪Ůʲôӡ׵Ůڶμҹúòãί
ЦģܻԷȴ̲ס˲ᡣ
㲻ģҰ㱧طʱô㣬ûûҹ޺ҰܻʵôŬϰٸҹŰȫྩõǧС㡣
òãھ˲ҪˣҲҪһҸ·
⻰һͷ˽ܻﻳϸϸ޳
һܺõġ
ĸŮһͨޣߵԾףȰ䣬ִˮźױģŻգһܻ׼İٺ̶ŸЦ
Ҹ˵ǶǻԺ֣ǻԷĳӱۼҵĻأԴ˵⣬ŵûʲôǰ̣ӡ
ЦۣԸҵģҲԸͬҺúù⻹𣿡
ܻŮˣ㳤̲ס߶㰡ҲĪҪնǳԺ֣Ůĸ˵游ĸգԺ󵽵ҪŻҵٶҲܻɽա
ᣬҲŮӹٽֻ࣬Ҫܸʳһƽͱʲôǿ
Щ֮ǰܻѾˣ˷ó˵ȴһ
˶˵۵٣ޣĸҲɵ
ܻͬ˵˺һűѾˣȥǰõĴһ÷
ҲɣǶֵ绹ȥϲǲܳԾƵġ
Ծƣ͵ñӼĥһٷûԼڣˮһӣλ˸һһپϯ亹Žһ˰
Ƽգžظ˼䡣
񺿴סǹģôĪǲˣ
𣺡
ºһЦǽ̫䣬ĪҪģǻؼҰɡ
֣ӸǹС
ͷɱϴ㣬硣
ģͳĽΪ⡣
򵥸£ȻذͬƵ˱
彪һЦԼ»һԾƣؼҡ
ţԼ߸ˣ۵öȥֱӱ˯£ʱ
˼÷ϯ䲢δԣҪȥ˳츮᰸ù˯¡
ɫϡ
紵ྩĴСĴһΣһڰյĺ˯Ȼ
һģҹƺԶо
ҹﲻҪѾҹȥϵĽǷƱȥн񺡣
˯úܳδΣһֱֻƯֱתѡ
ۣ˱Ѹٻָ
ôѸһ£һԼ
ˮˣü
΢٣ü˭
ǳ˫ϲ
ʲôԾ˫ϲǱأδӵ
ڽߣѹúܵͣȴܿ졣
δ֪ҹʱУξ·ͣŷǰԺˮȥһ㿴˫ϲ
΢٣˷
⣬ߣȴʣȥֳ
ҡͷδҦȥʱֻҴҽ¼䣬±ӴˡֳҲ֪
̾˿Ьִѻ๫
ùñ鷿ж
üδע鷿һ˼δ졣
ŵˣ߰ɡ
ǰǰ㣬ϷȥѰһ·üǰڣԶԶһŲ
͵սͬͣԭء
ǽŲԶٶȺܿ죬ĿȷȻü౼
˿ҹ޹⣬̸ǿϡǰ
˳ӹսǷ϶ǰȥǿһӴӰ
ˡ
͵͵ҦҸߴˣ˷ǽȿİֳ˽ҪȲ飬˵ˣҲҪԵһȡ
üͷȴδĩֻ֪ˡ
ֵƬֱ̣һʲȫü࣬ŵȥš
ӦҲߵ°ҪδѲ顣
üһţǰԺͣţ˽ͬѡ˶ţ߹հ˹ǰ
˴Уξ֣󰸣УξѲ񺣬񣺡Ǵˣò
Ҳͷ񣬰󣬱첽üࡣ
ҹü֪ܰҦ϶ǰԺͬһ˼һ·ȥ
ҹü࣬ٽʱҪһһˣڽ֮ʧڲԶһͥԺýʵ޹⡣
ٽİӻδʽ᰸ʽʥϣٷһλʹֻѾѪˡ
һ·첽ȥİӰ涵С·ϣֻҹ¶أɲ
ԽǰߣԽǰӦǽѲᡣ
ƹһƬ֣ŲȻͣס
ǰԶ֮ǰƻ֮䣬һߴӰֶ
͸˵᣺˶ڽУܿҪǺã
˵ţתһƬƻԻУ͸Ӱڿλùٵݡ
ĸߴ絶̸䣬һϣһ˫͸Żһ
˿̣˫ƽЦһȴУŭͬмȻ
ҹֵغУξȥȥ췣ÿʮޣЧȡ
˵ţȻƫͷ˫һ
ĺ䡢ġ
ޣ֣߬ԼŲֺ
žҹԼ
ˡˡ
ҹɫԺƻҲλ˵
Ƕ


23 
޹,ڰҲǵɨһ,ܿعͷȥ,
ȴԺտգ˶ԭ,֪ҪηӦ
һʹȷʵЩϤ,ƽյĶ˵ǴЩǻδôͳϡ˵
ͬ,껹δʮ,Ҳ˵δڡ
ᣬ㵱ܵñϲȴҲ޷Ҫְ,ʶ,вŻôٺ
߹ٺ»ȴʵְ,Ǳ¶͡
˵˾ֱֻܱ,ܽ˾Ľıµ,ҲǱ¿εĲſ
˵λεʹ趫˾ĹܲҲ˵,²趫˾,ͳ졣
ôһ,ȺĹ˧ţôǶ
ýָͷ룬Ҳܡ
˼㽪񣬶δ˾ǶúЦǰɵģñ˾ǰ۸ڶĲǲ
ǰȴʵ
һֱֻ֮Ӱı˾˾ʹǶ
Ϊʲôô
ڽǰɣһʱ֮䲻֪ҪӦԡ
δ𣬵ȴҲ֪ĳ࣬գҲڽͼޡ
ʱȵĲֻн񺣬ϾͬϵҲܿع
ߣҷקһ½䣬һƬнѡ
ֻͷһƬɢգգ۾Ż³
ղԾŴʹʱá
ʹҧһ´ŴϵĴʹԼѹ˸ߵĶ˱Сȥ
һ˳ȥѸתͬһ첽ǰԺȥ
˿̣Ѿȫ侲
ʣˣȷʵǶ٣
ͷᣬȴղȷʵǶ֪ҲȷʵǴƷʹǰҲɻ飬ʶ¸ʵְȷʵڽе
Ҳ˾ʱʮ˹鰸ôǷǴ˷˵Ͷ˾죬δ֪
˵˴΢΢ͣƬ̣ΣǺݣǲ̫ϵǲ˳츮İӣץķˣǲҪ
ڽߣݳƽȣɷ°
ǣǶʦʦ㣬ʹʲôɣ
˿ֻ̣н֪߬˫΢΢
ζû뵽ݡ
˵пֻͨ⼸ദ󰸣ϸϸܴѰϵͬ
оųɰգ˱һˡ
ݣԽܴ󣬵ͬδй飬ѳɻ飬ȴȨ֮ƣǶжףҲ֪ദ
΢΢˫ۣհ˵ġԼŽ侲
ʹΣǻʵ۱µĸѵãֻǶӣһ˵õΪȮܸһ죿
ת˲ͰǰȫԺҪӦԣҲá
ͨһУ˲㲻ңٶȸ죬ʱȥǰԺ
ȻںôҦһǰԺ
Ȼһ֣Ҧ˹һһ߲Ҫʪһɽˮͼ
ϣСǣˣҦ飬ô찡վ̫ǧⰸǻܲܽ᰸ˣ
侲ͬҦȻܸǰȥ
Īţȿֳʲôģ飬ܳȣˣ˿üʮˣлм๤Ĺǣʣ½˲ʮʮͬ˫ϲйӦ࣬ٽһУѾպÿϡ
һ˵һǰߣŲ˿ͣ
˫ϲٽһҲɣԲһ飬챦Ѿռ࣬ôʣ˱١
˵񺻰һת˵ǻ֪˫ϲζһɱأ
ɱǰӺܼ򵥾ܲˡ
Ҧ侲ϣɳֻϵĺҪˡ
˵öԣҦЦ̫ļˡ
Թ塣
ͬʹǶǰ㣬Ҳأһеģɡ
ԣԹ塣
ֳܿ˷ϣδ߽ŵŨصѪζ
ǰԺµʮƣҫ£ׯϣȱ
ڷ֮£˿һ࣬Ѫˮӷʶ£ڵϻһ̲ˮ
ŨصѪζǴѪˮ
Ҧ䣺Ҧˣʲôʱ򵽣
һ²üһʬǵڶҲࡣ
ҦӦÿ쵽ˣƫƧЩͬЩ
δʣҦһƿ·õĺľȻת˷󷽡
ǰٽʱѾ֣ڲпյģ˸ڣš
֮ǰüԣ˴ӦǾϻֻδȫãɷڿⷿڡ
ȥⷿҲǸԼͨľСľϻ
Ŷò̫󣬴СտɰѾϻУƫݵˣǿȥġ
ʱڽЩȵĿУ˫ϲˣڷڲһĽħƴϴ˸Դ
˿ֱ϶ŵѪע˳Ŷſڵϡ
δ߽ŵŨصѪԼ֮ȥĳʪ
ѪȳڱǼ⣬񺲻üͷסڱǣʣΪλڴ˴
⣬ڳ˶ɻ
Ҧվߣϰߣ治ɫֻ˭֪أսѾȥˣӦܲ鵽
֣񺲻ɫʣˣλʹƼ
ûʱֳܶҲֻվ붴һߵλãͷϸĦ
ٿҪȵϵѪ
Ҧ˾߶˳츮Լˣſڡ
Сǣɲ֪صʹյ¶ôţ
˵˵Ƶģһһǳнࡣ
ϣʣôţ
ҦֱܴӵϱʹȻ˵նΣ𣬱ʥյ챱˾˾
Ѿµŷ֣ȷش𣬻̲סһ
ǰ֪˴𰸣˿̻ܱסʣкβף
ҦʶƿȻǰŲź˵ǴףδδڣԭǱĽʹٺǮ²ɣɲ
ϣӲԾеЩǲ֪Ҧ˶˵λν֣Ժ֣˲ȥ|¥ͲһӪʶһ˵ⲻںδ
΢΢һ٣Ҧ䣬ҲЩ棺Σ
Ҧȴҡҡͷ΢΢һ̾ˡ
һЦˬɤѪķǰҲ֡
Ӧ룬ĸʵҦѰˣԼ˶˾ǰ·蹷

عͷңңһҦ䡣
ֻվڲԶΪţϳ˲ٺԲԲֵ΢Щ죬ԵúǾִ١
ôһ͵Ϲ٣˿̵Ļȴ
˿̲ϸ֮أֻװ˵ܽ˾ĶʥϵĽʥֻϲδˣҲ˵أ
Ҧüͷû˵ʲôֻ֮ԺǶЩĪҪ¡
һûбҦĻĿͷŻطϡ
˫ϲ״ֲֿҹɫУֻҪһۣ˶ҪجΡ
ȴᣬʺܵİֳʺÿֳ̽ѰȻҵߵࡣ
ԩĹ»ԩ
η޾壬һǰ
ĿϸڷڲѰһ߿һ߶˽⣺ڲпյģʵĻǳأðᶯ۴ӵ׵߽ǿãˣСȥҲ޷վֱ
ǽȥǸʮµĺͯ
˫ϲȻǺͯ䲻ߴȴҲǸˡ
Ҧ˽˼Ҳ˵ſȥġ
ͷǵĴˣԼſȥģֻһ˽Ǳǿȣܽ˳ڶ·κۡ
Ҳվߣһ
пʲô
ɫһ࣬ǳڤƬ̣ȻЩԥܳȣ
һɣͷ϶ˡ
˫ϲǱħƴжҲôѪѪҺɫأҲûô壬һֳ嵭ķۺɫ
һɣԭвˮ
Ҧ̾˿飬ʲôޣ˵ⳣСȳ̵Ľħˡ
ˣ⽵ħһ⡣
ӦóҲƲü֮Ϊڿⷿδһ֮
ʱѪŨͣǰüͷ
ˣ˵ʱѲ߹
Ҧ˴ٽ󰸵İֳٽѾ壬͵һǵ᰸ݽ᰸£˽Ѳ߰ΣʱʱĩѲһΣѲߵòϸֻ鿴Ƿ˵ȡ
Ҳ˵˴ʱѲߣʱѲʱУξҲ֪˴Ƿˡ
˼ͷȲ˫ϲδӽӳʱԣʱ̴˴ˣôʱԽ
񺻰ﲻͣǻ裬ԼôΪҪ룿ΪΣ
һ⣬һӰ˵ˡ
Ҧ䣺
Ҧ˾Լնܳʮﺹ
̾˿ٲ飬ٲ飬ܲġ
ĩˣΡΡʣܵİɣ
Ҫǲ鲻壬ͷɴñҲҪˣѰСǵСˡ
һΣشĲǽ񺣬һ䵭
йֻҪģӾܲ塣
౻òǵĿɫ࣬첽ǰͷ
֮£ͷݵûʲô飬ֻ˫۾ȴһ翴ų˫ϲģ
վǿԼϸϸ˵壬ͷͷҦ䣺Ҧˣôȥʬôʬ
Ҧ俴ŵһ̲Ѫˮò͵˺ľϡ
ʮҲɸݵģŸò룬ֻݣںľҲȡ
һҲ˺ľҲûôȵͰŲűߡ
˶ֻվڷ࣬ŷơ
ԽǿѪζŨʪ֮쳣ʪأ뵵Ѫֳճ˺ǲʡ
ɫȴ˿δ䣬һ߽Сͽܼ¼ʬĿһָŵϵѪѪһˮѰѪ׷ڣ㲻ڣҲɫʱһ;ͻɺԡѪЩۺɫҡ
һ£զ̫ϡˡ
˵ţһߵ·һ϶ʪˡ
ЩԾҲһ£һĳʪУʱȥʱֻʣЩʪˮ
սһܿ˫ϲɴ˫ۣϵıǾ㵵ģͷؿڵĽħơ
ࣺ壬ħƴض


24 
Ť,վںľϣŴ,鿴
һյ֮,˰벽˳ȿڱǴ
ѪζŰһ˵,һߵֻ,ȷʵħƴףѣʧѪ⽵ħ쳣,ͷϸ,мأԼڴС㿴˿Ѫ֮״ɫ,Ѫࡣ
ȸ˽,Ȼϸʬ֢״ǰ֢״֮һ,Ҳ˵ֱӱħƴڶҲ²ǹڵϣħƾһͷǰȥ,Ȼ󵱳
ϸȥ,ֻߵۿڽţߵֱҲ΢΢ָȭ,Ҫʲô
ȴ֪,˲Ҫö,Ȼ¡
ϴյӦòʱʱңѾӲΪƣߵѪ֮״ԣѪ᲻ֱͣѪɢ
ʬ飬ڡϴԩ¼Ҳʮ꾭顣
꾭ྩŶֵ
һ˵֤ȷ䣬һˡ
˴ҦϿҷʣ壬ɱɱ
Сķ֮ڣֻһ˽Ҫʬ壬Ҳֻվ̽СҲֻ̽ȥһͷˡ
㣬˵ɱηΰѳ˫ϲƵڽħϣ
ɱǳ˫ϲΪδ´ӵܵʱʱͻѲߵǰԺѾڣȻýħƴԼ
ʵ˲Ҳʵڷ˼
شҲδڣ鿴ΣˣҲ֪
Ҧ˾ͬйˮңͷԵصʲôӴ
ȴȥֻˣȵðȡϸʬ죬˵ûµʬ
ĻҦ¸
һָ˱ܿѪȡߣһߵСЩСԣֳͼ𣿡
ʱ˿ҲյøһЩͻȻʬܣɢ˲ϸ
𶯣
òǶʱԭأٶ
ϸߵ󣺡磬ǲ
Ҳչȥǣö
һλ磬ʬʱһСģŪҵϵ
λʹ࣬ʬز˵ƵķѾѰȡˡ
ϵСƹٻŪֱϼѡ
˷˾ţ֮ڰѳ˫ϲʬȡ˳
ȥ鿴ʬ壬ѡ˸ûѪλã̽ڡ
һ룬ѪƫıǼ⣬
ǿŷӿĶģƣһڷڶꡣ
ڵϣ˸ղϸҰڷţеĴ˽ᣬеųһţ˶մȾѪˮҲʲôȻ
ȻĿһ
ڷ࣬һȾѪֽ

ֻֽѰľ߿խƳ̣һĵײۡ
֣һѳ
ֽ𣬽˳ݺݴ˿
̫Ѭˡ
ֽŵŵ޲ϣϸꡣ
ŵƻ𣬽񺿴ֽżĥۣѪˮãּѾ뵶ֻģϳһ֡
ʲôȫö֪
üͷȫѪˮֻּܿˡ
ĪҪ
ͷϸֽȻְ˹ȥ
ֽ棬һ壬Ǳʲôѹȥһۼ
Ҳ˶ѡ
˼عͷڵһܾʲôԺһ
˵Ƿ񡭡
񺻰û˵꣬ͻȻͷһΣӰľ΢΢һΣۼֿ죬Ҫˤ
ˣôЩ
񺻺˿ŵղű̫ݣЩͷĿѣһ¡
˿ˮֻһŴɴڡ
ܲȵײǲȥģƱǹ졣
Ҳ˲࣬ײ⿴϶ˡ
ϼ¿ʽ濴һϸϸԽԽխݻڲȴ࣬δиװΡ
ͻȻڲĽǽһһҲʪģҲմȾˮա
һڷıڶһ飬Ľǹһ֮ϵڲˮգڶܳʪԲδɺԡ
˿ʢžϻλãǳ˫ϲĲ֣ıȴδմȾˮգҲ˵ֻϲ͵ײˮ
ϸ鿴һ飬޿ɲ飬˳
һȥʱѾͷۻ
ǵǣˣȥЪЪٲ飿
Ӳɾ֣ƿ֣ȼ°飬ȻŴ˿һɷԭбġ
ĺʱڣ֮ҲȷʵЩ΢䣬ȴҲڶʪɢʪ䣬Ǳ黯״̬
񺲢δڷһ࣬ԼĻʱ˵һоͶˡ
۾һ壬鵽ˣ
ҲѰ˼Ц⣺Ѿͷ
վԭػ˻һǰȥ
ӷڳ֮Ϣб᲻٣ЩͷԷֽͣޡ
ʬߣѾʬһʬı¶
һƬĵƻһ۾Ϳ߱ۡ
ѪҪƤѪͮͮãòĿ
ѪϣһȦͬİ߲ϱߺۣ㽪񺲻֮ͨȴҲ֪ǰ˺ұµѪۼ
񺳤˿ôӦǱУȻһԵڽħϣű
ͷ͵ˣ㿴Ѫ֮һǺ󱳣һ˫ϥ֤ǰײ
࿴˿ٳҦˣŵˣΪǰ|Ųʮġ
һ򲻿ϰѻ˵δʬ޷ۣʶֻܺһԡ
ͷģǵҪɱ˫ϲΪλô๦ֱӰգ
Ƿǽħƣͬٽʱһ㣬Ϊ˻ˡ
˵ţͻȻ飺ѵ־Ϊ˻ˣ
Ҧӹͷֳַ޷֣һçײΪһǾĲãĲãͼ˶ˣαط¡
ԱֲػأΪĲó˫ϲԼעʱɱҲΪٴαֳ壬ʶࡣ
˵ףΪ
ͷЩ²⡣
Ҧ|üԼѵģںδҲ֪Ѱ|üĹһʡ
һأ|üĹǶû볡Ǹͬйһ֮ԵСҲǰԺòѯһ䣬͵ҴǴȥ
ҹѣ˿֮ɫ۾Щɳˣ浹ùκӡ⼸ն˯ãﶼݡ
ǰնԽӡ󲻴ʶСյǶ˼ԣҲ˲١
仹ЩͷͣȴҲӰ鰸ԱС˵|üôİӣ˶Ҫߣô˶ʮˣ
СͷεΪ֮񣬱Ҫκӡû취ֻ¼˿ǷܸϹһ
ʵ|üǰδϵ֮ѡһģһ̽һţз涫ζƯˡ
Ҫ併£ѣκΪɸϹⷿиϳ˵Ĵ
̽ȴδдҲǶʮ|üԵ֮һ
˭ã˭ġ
|üĸֹʵڲ˽⣬С쳣һһˡ
СΪҪȥѣ
񺵹ûֻ˵ͬйء
Сϳɵ̾˿ԭ|üã徻٣ôھͳģ
С˵ţ߹հ˹գһ·|üƫƧ᷿棬ǸСĵؽѣҤ¯Զ໥š
һ̤ƫԺһ۾Ϳ˵ؽڣؽţŴͭ
ýʣС֪޲ԣؽѵıжģöˣ|ü໹ö򣬵κҲ֪һֻ۱һֻۣżʱҲԿ׸ǣǿƫԺҶʡ¡
ȡһȴýǸж£κǺֶΡ
ʣмԿף˭У
СѲⷿǰܣҲðᣬôȥҲֻκǺܰܣǻһѣ˴һѣһѷ˾Ҫþȥȡ
üͷһȴʣ˴ң
СҲסˡ
ǰ|üԭǰĽˣһɱ֣ѾڰôһԿףӦ˭У
СҲ⼸ͶµĺκҲ磬ԿںδʣҲӦʦ
ʣʦ
СͷʦŵĵģԳɣ겻ʮ߰꣬ᣬٽʱؼұɥȥˣ|ü࣬˷Ϊ˼ӽ񣬲űκʱٻصġ
Ҳ˵λʦǣٽİӵġ
˫ϲأ
˼ʣСҪñ
һ˵Сü̽ҪõǰͬйأǾѲˡ
СΪµʮһ붼̽յĺ֣ÿˣȡ
Ҳ̾˿
Ҳ˵ҹҪѶģʮʮ֮ࡣ
̲סҦ䷢
Ҧʲô˵
нӼӷҲҪķѲٹۿҪڶʱҲһյĹⰸӵƣ


25 
񺻹±Ѳ鿴,СǴ£ȥ˾ȡԿ,һ̱ܻء
ͷ,ˣڱܲ鿴
ֻЩͷΣ˶Щ,䡣
ˣȰ,Ҳ¶ҪǶʮ˶ºۼ̫̫,޷ֱ档
⵹ʵ
ڱѱ,ӹˮֹ˼ˮ
ˮ¶ǣžظ
ȷʵûʲôòģֻǵҾӵͻƿ,Ӧֳ,ϾʵѾò,Ҫǳ˫ϲαɱ
|ü໹ôཱིڣΨǱУξĳ˫ϲ˵Էзɱɵɡ
˼Ҫôǳ˫ϲǣ˵һʲôδڵһ,Ҫôͬ˫ϲй,޵ɱ
һ֣Ҫҹˡ
ǰսѾҹ|üˣ,Ӧ,ֻǽҹҪˡ
˵Ż,Сˣ˱ǣĵ˾ԿһֱҸδ˶
лȻ˱ѡ
䣬Ϣ˲С˱Ѿվ¥ݿڣϾ|üıѣ¥ݴ˸ᣬֱӰѱƵаϣܰѱȥҪ˽
䴩Źʵ̫䣬ոЩͷЩ͡
ִֻֿһ۾ûߡ
˴ȷʵ޷ʲôΪ涼һܻ䣬߶
¹Ҳһĵʧ޺ۡ
򵥿˿ѣ͸Сһȥˡ
ȥʱ촽öˣȴǿ͹ˡ
Сڰ֣첻⣺˵ЦҲС
Ϊߣѫˣĳ佫Ƿ䣬ˡ
Щ˶ǡ
СȻС۾ȴֵܷܶóûߵͣλ˳츮ƹǴˣ̬ȸ졣
㹻ˡ
ѣСߡ
ͻȻʲôʣСλ˨|ü࣬κӡ˵Ҫδ
СҿС˵ʵͬ˵ԭ|üǶ㾦Ҳʦͽˣ˨ȻС츳
˵ţЦЦƺ첻⣺Ҫӡ˵αΡ
ˣκҪ˨ӣȻԺˡ
һ·ǰԺſڣСȭ֮ǰԣҽԲͬἰСܷġ
СҲ˸ȻЦתȥ
˱Ѷôһ˿̵ͷǣ֪˰һҪƣǿ񣬿첽ǰԺȥ
ǲջδע⵽ǰԺ˵ֱ̽ǰʶǰԺ˿̾˲ˡ
УһӰ
ʱĶִ崺üߡ
Ǹܵ˽Ӱ΢΢ƫͷĮıһ˲ס˽
񺼴˿̲̫ȴҲܿһ˲ʵƾǧǳ۳¡
ȷ˿ǰ֮ǶôҲȷԶĴϻۺͻϳ
ȵԶ׼˵˶Բߡ
ˣ߽ʱ˿ңػ
þȫݼһɻı顣
Ϊ˳츮ƹǴˣʶö˭أ
Ŀҹɫײ𻨡
ȻͬߵҦ˵˼䣬Ȼһһƶǰ
ߴӰգڵסǰԺҫ۵ĵƻҲڵסӢݡ
û뵽ǣδʣҲδɣԼĶһ⧲Ļ޷졣
ڽִЩɻķһЦ
ЦͬڵĴգů|Ϯˡ
Ź⣬޷͸ֻܸܵһЦ⡣
ͻȻô
𶨶Ŀδ˿Ἣˣӣɰ
һӣ֤һ۾ϳ
ȻȴҲŬԼͷÿͽӵ
ĵλˣ֪˭¹ٲʶ㣬¹δ飬һӡ
Ѿŭ¹ʵڵá
վţǰԺһ˵ȲԶҲոսͻȻһ˲䣬첽ǰ˽Щɻ
ǶûǾӣȴӰӰ´Ƽɫÿ
ǶûжֻԶԶˣǰ˵ꡣ
⻰һڣӾ˼֣ƺҪѽݿǰ㣬ֵ˵ͷúܽ
ľ룬Ǵˡñð
üͷԴϬλġˣ
ϵЦʼնδ˷֮Ҳա
ǰǴɻ崺ͬ񺹰һƣ̬䡣
Ǵˣǰջұǽ˾ʹնΣСǴ˽ҡ
Ц⣺Ҷδ˱ˡ
񺣺
߳ɰգĻδöɣıԼ֪ᶨΪ˳츮Ǵ˾ǽ񺡣
Ҳոճɻ»ӡ
ɣıﲻһԼ֪ҡҲ̽ͱ㡣
ôһղСǴ˾ǲʶˣΪСǴ˵ļ䳬ȺѰܼ
ѵⲻһ磬˭֪һǹΪ٣Ҫʱ̱־裬˵Ķ𣬶δˣ
˺ݴ棬ãۿҪĵز
ҦҦ˵ǴϽԲ϶δˣôˣλ˳츮õƹǴˣ˳츮ĵɽ
Ҧһ߲һŲԲǰܡ
Ǵˣǰĺˣ˾δˣλʶɣ
ɰⲻʶ𣿡
ҦһϿңУĻȴŲ׾İʾ
ȾѲµ˶ݣҲܹԼϲδжپ֮ɫǶׯأҦ䣺ҦˣĪҪҸδֻЩˡ
ʲô¡
࣬ƽղŵŭƶѾ£ٿᱡŭ⡣
룬δҲΪģ΢ɨ𣬡ΪδҲмΪССĴƷƹٰɣ
ϵĺЦʼնδ
˽ĻתҦ䣬ˬһЦ
ǰһҦļ£Եܼˡ
ѽҦˣͬõСǴ˵ǵԵ֣ЦݣϾСǴͬҵ»ӣа|ŷơ
ҦļΪĸߴֱ޳ɻסҦˡ
Ҧ亹¡
ЦӯӯողСϴˣ֮Ҧ˺СǴ˼£µ治Ϊ֮
ͷ򡰻Ҧ䣺ҦˣСǴͬķϣչСǴ˰
Ҧ䣺


26 
Զ˳츮˵Ȼ֪ʲô,λϹٻصʱɫ糣,Ʋδкιڡ
컬,ɵҲ˵˵ʱȴӲԽ硣
˿,ֻվǣ

Ҳδ,һͬҦˣҸѯʹ|üС,Ҳ±ѿ,Ӧþ|üܵõԿ׵ĽˣΪǻʱ֧,ʮˡ
Ҧͷ,ſ𣺡δ,˳츮֪Ǳ߿µ
̧ͷҦ䡣
ոջƤЦȴѵ,ͨʮ,ֱϲŭ޳ĵ䷶ˡ
δ񺣬ҦҦˣ챦ɱٽһ֤ȷ,ֻռ챦,˻˳츮,Բǳ˫ϲ֡
ҲѾ᰸Խڴ˴ѲߴһʱΪʱҲܣǸκæ˳ϸ̫ñ²˲䡣
ʱǰı޶¡
ͳ䣬кսѹͬһ㣬ƺһֱڰˣŻɱ֮¡
ֻú̲סֿһ
һԣöƳһۣϱ䡣
Уξδϸ鿴ǰԺܽ˾ĿãҿԿ϶ʱʱѲ߲δֳ죬ôߺֵʱһǰԺҲ˵һʱʱĩʱ֮
䣬˵ɣ˶
գգۣԽͷĿѣ
˿ھţһ֣δֳۡ
ʶ鷽жһǳ˫ϲôķ䣬ڴʱ|ü඼˭ɱ˻ᡣ
˵ţ˫ϲγķ䣬Ѳ壬һҦȥĿ|üĽʣҲǰʼԼ
һɫһ˼⣬Լʱ
ĻҦѵЩϲɫ
ⰸĥնδߣֻϲԣһܽ᰸
ǱȥɣҦδ˵ſʵѹֱίΣδΪ·ǡ
˵𲻹ǸƷʹҦȴƷ˳츮˺ͺһϹٵļӶޡ
ȴҲûŻʵĸļӣϵıһ˲ȥͬѩڣٿȻ֮㴺شء
ͿҦ˹֣˸ƣҦĻ˳츮Щ¹٣ٽѸٸƣ˵ףҦ˾塣
㹧άңҹά㣬ֱһź
󣬽Ҳһȥ̽飬ǰ˰벽ͻȻǰһڣ˱Ʋסߵȥ
ججĶߣľʦ㣬ôˣ
ͷǣܣȴδʧȥʶ
ۣΪԼˤʯ·ϣҧʱȴδܵͻʹ
һӲĺľʱںͬͭǽһ㣬˿һ֧ϣδˤ
ֻⴭϢѾعһѱס
ʦ㣬ǲˣǵǡ
񺸧ֱۣ˶ͷĿѣǿҡҡͷȻֵͷȥơ
еģһ˫޳Ĵֱ֣нŵģһʵ޻崺
ѵ֧ûˤڵء
߻ƣ֯һ·˳Žʵĸ첲䵽˶ԷӢϡ
Ƕ
ƺʣ崺סһˣȴԵγдġ
ɣȴ쳣ء
СǴˣô£ɷ±ѸȾ纮
䣬־䣬ȴ͸ĨȥĹġ
գգۣĸоϯķֻͷ΢ȣһһɵӿĺʴӡ
૵ǡ
΢΢ǰգʲô
ǣǱѣĿİ±֮ǰҾ;졣
ɫ԰׵ϣвݣȴ沢Ƿ纮֮࣬ͷ麹ͫ׻ɢСж֮ࡣ
ɫһ꣬֣壬
һż죬Ҧ˻ûӦѾϣһĽߣڸ
Ҧߣɫһ䣺ˣǷ֮ڶˣҳʬЩ΢մȾңѾͷȴǾö֮С
£гĽǧ㿪ڣǡ
ϸѽֶһߣǴΪԻɢ˶ɷȼǷʱ̱ڵأܶĸʱȼ룬Խ벡֢Խأ֫ͷ̲ͣסǰԵ
ٺܿ죺ҩߣԼڰʱ֮ھͻתֽҲָܻǴ㣬Ӧβһֱֻͷȣɿ糣Ǵ¹ѣһǴЩε
ੲݣҽΣк󻼣
̧ͷ濴꣬ǶΪ⡣
һ֣ˣԻɢǳԽ룬ҪⶾֻҪʱһȻͺá
ô˿ĿԽԽ䣬һݣмҴⶾ裬ԸǴ˷һţɻ˿̲ʡ
𣺡š
꣺
һ飬ϺɰȡҩУݸһţǴˣãģ˷۲ѳԡ
֪ΪΣеЦȻ˶½нǽ¹⼸ദҲǷ°ˡ
˽µʱ򣬻ǶȤ
񺲻ϷǿŽⶾ裬ȷʵԲѳԣ΢֮лЩظʡ
ⶾ¶ǣͷԲôˡ
ͷ˽ڱϵȺ򣬶ʱЩ˼
ɵͷлδˣлˣλ˲ȥᣬܸϵ
˶٣ĿڶһɨҩЧѾѶˡ
ûп£Ҧ俴ֿǱߣͻȻףȻԣǳ˫ϲǷҲ˴˶Ҳں󱳱֮£ƲסԼǰԵ
۾һ˿ͷظ
ô˫ϲˡ
ǰȲᣬ֮͵͵ǰԼڣԻɢͬʱͻȻֱӱڵϵĽħƴ
ͷӦˣ˲ԻɢҲ֢״ֻܿѾͷ֢״²⡣
ͷڱ飬ΪʱӦڷڲܵԲڣԲӦ̶ϻģʱȥڻǡڳ˫ϲʱ䡣
ˣô˫ϲʱһҪƺãС
ͷЩǡ
ȴ˳ŷŵĻ˵ȥҲ˵һҪɱ˫ϲҪﲻɡ
ֻҪ֪˭ɱɾˡ

ư˳츮Ҫˣֱ˺ˡ
׳һ׶ˣǾ̿С
ߣݺų켺
˼б˾Ҳگ󰸻Ҫͬ˾
գʮԩٴۻʥگף˲趫˾λԼεĸ졣
˿һ
̻а꣬ƿسҰͬٹͷϵһѵʱ̵նʾڡ
ƣǳϦɸġ
Խ鰸֮ϰߣҲ飬˲˵ȴᡣ
񺿴ŶڵȵƻİüۣͻȻƤЦ
һأ
ȻԶȴδĺģҲҪȥ̽𾿾ʲôˣֻҪల£棬õĽ
ˣ񺶯˶ţ»Щհ鲻ɵ飬ǻǾưΪҪ
׿һۣü֮䲢ɫƽá
Ž񺣬˸ڶ֮ƺΪ˶·һߵò죬ò
½ⶾʱԽãԽɣҲԽѡ
һ·Ų˫ϲǰʱѾж磬ȫ˥֮⡣
кݺ˿
ɿ֣ŶҦ˵䡣
˫ϲ䵥֮ͬ˨ӵĵͬΰڷһ޶˿̣Ӧ÷ľĵطȴȫȻƿһĵصչ¶֮ǰ
Щ𾪣˴еص
ǻʳǸ£Ͻ⣬ʹ̧ͷܵü|üǰ˾֣һֱǻʼ|Ľ˾ֵ֣صֱ˼
Ƴһۡ
ڵصϣָָܵשأ˴ص죬שĥۣҲжʮ⾰ˡ
ʮǰʦʲôΪѫ֪֮
Щ£ǲ˵ġ
ܿ㷴Ӧʣصͨδ
𵭵صһڣһͨһͨ|ü⣬һ|üǣһܱƳ
˿̵ֻˣ𡢽Ҧ䡣
ѹüأ͵޷ǽλãӦǻʳǡ
ҦûвҲûлش𣬶𻰷һתֱӵǲ²⣬˫ϲӦȥǡ
һ·һͨһȥ֮ҲϾܶнأô˫ϲֻȥˡ
УξѲ飬ԭƥƥһƥû١
ܲ
üͷ˫ϲΪ̫ˡ
Ҧ䶼˱۾ʱ˿̣ͷޱѡ
ʱǸ侲ϻ۵ƹ١
ٺܿ˫ϲ͵|üݴ֮ǰ飬͵ʯôǮκǿ飬΢Сӣ˳츮ˣǷԭ˵Ĳۡ
˿Ͳӡ
˶٣ΪҲͲӣùص˵֪صͨδôҪӣֱӳ|üɡ
µ⡣
ԴǸɴ䣺˽ӳȥ˺ڻʦ̷ڶ࣬ϸǱ˾ôЦһ˺ڻھʦһ¶Ųȥ
Ըؤֶǻ˵ؤҲ˲飬ؤˣԭ˲𣿡
ˣ˵
˿˫ϲҪӣҲֱӾʹ|üӳȥҪȽ⣬ܽһ
ûлͨ·ҲУֻҪܳʦصأݸʵûôѰ졣
αװȥʵû
Ψھʦȥݡ
񺿴˿Ҧ䣬Ŀƣտ𣺡λˣ¹˫ϲ|ü࣬Ϊȡûݻ·ô϶˸Ҫȡãȡõĵصڷ
֮ǰڷѵֽӦдľȡķʽ
˵Ѿ⿪˳˫ϲ֮ա
ɫ˳ŽĻԣڴ򿪷ĺţֽʱ򣬳˫ϲһȥ
ȣ˿ǷͻȻһѽħƣ˫ϲҲδһзӲɵɡ
ʲôأճ˫ϲˣҲһ֪ؽѵڣͬ˫ϲͨģ
֣һ˽˫ϲ֪ԲԴС
Ŀһʶ𣺡δˣ|ü˶˨أԳأСЩͬҹסһĹأ
Ŀ΢ΪٽͽܣΪ|üİ֣ΪܿЩˣԴ˲ñ۵Ĺǣпͬ˫ϲϤ
񺣬ǵһڰֳȴһ˵ĬҪ˵ʲôֻҪܰѰ齲壬һ֪Ҫνӻ
Ĭʵ޷ӡ
ҲĶһۣת˲֮˫໥ӡ
ٽУ˨жģûĿܣԳɶͻᶼޣǶ֮ǰĿڹδ漰˫ϲڱУȰǷֿѺ׼ʡ
֪ٱһ˽У̿Щºѯ永Աᵽأǰ˹֤ʺˡ
Ȼ̿ЧȽԩٴѸưҲʹö̶£Ķ˾Ѿ°ˡ
ѹµǧУξһôʵ죬ӹٽǰ
ϴܴһ·οԼڿ˼ƴ
񺣺²һ£հ참Ļ˭
˶٣Ҳ²참Ҳܿ²⣬Ҫ֤ݡ
Цһ֪ڳЦĹִ
δڴ˴ԣôӺڴ˴Ѿ鳬һʱ
Ҧ䵹ǺܻԾգ˶ѽⲻǺˣǰɱ˰ôҲҪչ⾰һʱͲѾõĽˡ
΢΢һ٣ȴδԣȴ֪ô¡
׾ʱӭǣʷС˵ѿڲִ֮²֣ʱޣ㣬һкܶ©ģΪֻҪ˫ϲӳϲóͷԣһָ趨õȥ
ҲΪִ٣ǲŻôƳ࣬һ۵ϡ
ȵһʽܽе֤ʣٽеֳǾͿԷյļˡ
Ȼ˵Ķʡ
Խʼɣһʳס
˼ˣ˿
˫ϲһֱž񣬼мԻɢҲһֱǿţ˴˿̣ž糱ˮӿվǻһ¡
ڴʱЩϤ崺ٴεϡ
ǵʵӲƴ겻ıѩɢޱߵĺ⡣
ѵδˤվֱ塣
񺶨˶عͷȥͿ
˵жǳģ֮ʱ˶δκЦ⡣
ֻһۣջĿ⣬ƺٶ࿴
СǴˣҪͻȻϷһ䣬ʵǲӲʰ
ҪΣգһܲʵģ˵ǲǣ


27 
ûд,ֻǵδˡҦˣȥһʣ
ҹǻزȥ,Ƴһ۶,˶ڣû¶ڵĿܡ
㽪ûϣѵɵӲɣ
΢̾,ͻ飬Ǵ͵ú׼
ͬǰ,Ȼãд⡣
ˣͬ,Ҧ˾Ͳ÷ˡ
Ѷ,Ϥɴǰ
񺿴ŵĶҲ̲ס絹Ǻÿͬδ˺䡣
һлСǴ
һ֮,ѶҵŴ,Ѷֵ֮һʮ̫ࡣ
,˿ڳˮҲЩ΢⡣
̫֮ǰûȴ,κ,ƽüʱƹܽˣԷ񣿡
⼸ü,Ѿ,˿Ƕ,žۡٽǲκɶ˲δֻ̣ʹһֱδٽѶҡ
˿ʵʵϣ˿ɥ
ǣκҪæϲü졣
˵ţݿݣЩ
㣬˫ϲüʲôˣʱʱںδ
ˣǻȥʳȻȥ˴ǵķΣκѡеʮ̽𣬵Գɺͷ˨ãٽˣֻʣ·˨㾦ա
˵ϸ㡣
˺þãŽͰ͵ǿ˼˵գ˵ʵֻǴֻɣӳȥҶûüΣҲûѵǣ˼䡣
üĽǴ඼ǳϮ漮Ҳ˵ǽһȣһֻ˾ˡ
ϲˣЩǮ˶ѡ
ҲĵģҪһҿΣպýü࣬ǾĻͥ治Զˡ
ǲܱȵģĽ˲ЩҪ˵Ĵ֮üĽҲѡ
֮ǰȥⷿƹ֮ﶼδʸµģԽǳܼ
λü൱۹ҲǼߵġ
ܵͣԭˡ
ҲΪγ˫ϲ˨ӱɡ
ȴҪǷмֵ֮Уκѡ˷˨ӡ
Ȼȳ˫ϲá
ڻҴǡ̫ɽǻȥ˼ˣʵ˨ӺԳɣԼĵ䣬Сæµ
̫ɽǻԼʱԹԼȥȻͿʼѯʡ
ʣѯǰ漸ʱǷ񿴵˨ӺԳɣ
ԥƬ̣ǵδǵĸ䶼ǱţҲ޴Ҫ͵ʦҪǱѧߣҲôˡ
Щ˵꣬ŵˣͬ˫ϲûʲôͷԵģƽӴ򲻳ƨҲͽˣʲôҪ˵˭гҲ֪˭شѾˡ
ٽգü۸ʵˣ˫ϲָˡ
Ȼü˶ٽҲƺ˶ɱĶ
벻ףٽôġ
ΡѾ˵Ҳٶ˵䣬޹Ҳ顣
ֱ壬ҲĿһ˶翴˺
ǳϸʣ˵
͵֪ٽüаԵƺںοۿɶˣͬκֵܣ֪ˡ
챦ƺͳ˫ϲһ᲻ͣλͬ챦һȥԾƣƽ˰ͽṫԹ󣬴ŲŲײüģΪλͬ챦ƳȥԾأ
ʶϿȥȴҲ
޹Ӱʵ˴ݣȥһѾüͷ
һʱǶ֪Ҳ˻˵ٽ󲻰һ㡣
Ҳ˵챦й֮󣬶Ѿͬκһʸ£᰸̫죬黹δдɣ˻δ᰸
һκĸ˲֪һϸڡ
֪ˣҲʱ֪˽µ
ҷԴ߶ֺá
˵Щ֮ûгһοڵǶ
ʣǼʱķ˨ӺԳɣ
תúܿ죬΢΢һ㶣ŵԼʱĩʱҲܸһЩȥԳɵЦշͬ˫ϲ·𣬷ȱЦڳϲ
Ҽ鼸䣬վ깤Щȣȥ˨ӵʱЩŭ
ŭʲô
̾˿֮ǰһ֪˨ӴٽѧľǶ㾦գһ־Ҫɲ򵥣ǰСʵǷ˨ٽģٽԼϣΪ˱С񲻹ƴӦúܿ깤˭뵽˨ֻʣδꡣ
Ҳǣվ̫ǧڣֻʣһվ͵˨ȴʣ㾦δ꣬Ҳ֪ε顣
Գɵշüһκκֻ½ҲҪü෢衣
Ҳ˵һķ˨ӣʱѾʱ̣Լʱ֮䡣
֮Щйس˫ϲ£ȻѺ˳ȥ
ѶδˣŵΪ棬ôǰٽһգٽΪʵҲġ
ǰüô|ͣһ̬챦ƳȥԾƣڷδ깤֮ǰ˾ơ
һĹ죬ٽ
߶ţ|ͣ|ͣҪ|ʲô
ü|ͻд룬ҪҲյıá
Ŀĵһɨ˼ͬŻ𣿡
ô|ͣпܵôǷŻ
Щ٣ô챦һȥԾƣҲ챦˵ʲôĹ򣬶ٽҪŻ𣬵һ޷ôĶҪһͬ
£Ǳزü̸ֻѰһȥԾˡ
һĻýЩû£ӹͷǵҪŻôһҪü࣬Ŀĺһ£ٽ˵챦ơΪҪüࣿ
˵ţߵҦˣһǷȥ챦ƣ
챦ƹѺ˳츮УҪȥ˳츮
Ҧǵͷá
ʵ֮ǰǸѾ᰸ˣ˿޷Ϊһʧ
˿ͬƣͻȻֵ˶һ鵽׵̬ȣδ¡
˵£֣壬Գɡ
ԳɽʱЩ£ᣬҲδٽʱǳ棬Щսľ
ҿҲǣվҲǣǱ֣ѹϡ
֮ǰĻһ顣
ԳҲʵشÿһ䶼ͬϡ
ⶼ˵꣬ԳɸҪɿ䲻˫ϲˣԺüĴңϲԴҡ
̫䣬Գ̲ס˸¡
ܿͻعˣüõĲң˨ӣҪҲ
ԳԥƬ̣С˵˫ϲӹ˨ӣ֪˲ࡣ

ǴڽʱΪȫͻ໥˺ҧֻҪв˶ôʣµ˾ʤߡ
ԽǴһʣǻÿ˷ֿǹ¶صȴȻ㷲бѶҡ
û֪ԼǷɡ
ܶʱԼȷԼǷ񷸹Խ磬ᱻõѱܻ߳Ѷҡ
ķ֯㣬ǳȴҲһ췣һÿͷϡ
ǲԾͰ֪ȫ˵塣
Գ˵˵һ䣬˳ʼ˵ڶ䣺ӦҲ֪˫ϲ͵üȥӲٽ챦Ϲʱ͵ר͵˨ӵģ˨ÿμ๤ȻǷ֣ݺݱһ٣˰
˨ÿζ˵Ȼٽ£Ҫ˨ӵգٽȷʵҲͣ˹ǲδδ󶯸ɸꡣˣǷ˨ӣΣ
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ЩģȻ֪
Ҳ֪˫ϲ֪˨ӵݣӦԴҪЮ÷˨ϵٽҪ÷˨Ҳֻ¡
Գ֮߶߶˵˻ŵǻһֱϲҵշϾҪˣֻҪĥһ飬ͿɳһֱཱིӦ
ĥģûŴɿҲò塣
ʱԳѾûʲô˵˳ȥߵＸ䣬Уξһȥˡ
Ѷڣȴ˼
ҾЩ֡
ʲôӦģһһ
΢΢һ٣ŵҦˣδˣЩʵ˶ɱӦǷ˨ӣԷ񣿡
ףˣǰյѾ壬֤ˣʶûɡ
жȴɱˣһвδɡ
ͷǣǴˣ˳˫ϲ˵ʲô
΢΢һ٣ɫ΢Ƭ֮˫ϲ˵˨̰ŸգΪüĽˣôζñסԼüĲ¡
ܵ˵Ļզ࣬˿Ѷȴֲ֡
֮£ֻг˫ϲһ˿ڹ֤ݣ΢С£ֵ顣
Ҳ˵ɲɲ飬Ϊʵֻ֤Ҫ˫ϲǾڹ¼൱ڷˮ޺ۣ½԰
ҲΪγ˫ϲ͵޷ϯȥΪڲٽʱѾ鵽ȥͩһٶҪΪٽ󰸵Ĳڳ֤ãĨȥ
֮ǰüѾ͵£ϣκܹϾ˳˫ϲѾ˼˷˨ӡ
ôΪϹǧټƱģ̰ķ˨ӻʲô
Դ𣺡κζ£ᰲؼü࣬Ȼ󼫾κҪٽʥ⣬κҲ⡣
˨ûС
ûеһԳɼɵ£ʣµ㾦δκʧ
һ޷޷ʱˣκѵݸѰõĽˣûʵ֤κҲܰǰͣʱҪκһ仰ˡ
úõģԼѾĻĽȥӦúúñԼκñֵõġ
ɷ˨ӵΪȴԼԨ
ʱڣҪôǲ㾦Ҫôûʱ䡢û˼񡣡
һ֣
˶һۣһΣǴ󣿡
˨쳣һԽ쳣䱸ӦѾǰùԼĴ𰸣Ѷѵġ
ͻȻɲôϤѶ֮Ľ񺣬˵Ч
ЩȣδӦѯʵؿҦ䣬Ҧ˳ԼͷŵǾ͹
ǣѶڵλñ㻻˻λ֣༸Ҧؽ֮
ֱ˿ӵѹȣҲ顣
ʱ֣Ͱѷ˨Ӵ˽
ͬٽʱһ|ҹʱǰ㣬һӣܾͬһ㣬սսⲽ롣
֣ʱϥһЩûڵء
ȣ㿪ڣ˨ӣͬ˫ϲг𣿡
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΢΢ǰ̽𽥳˨ӣҪɱ˫ϲ㣬͵ʯ㱻򱻷һҲԼҲ͵͵֮Ĳֻг˫ϲ֪ңȥ
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֪ǰһת˲򣬿̵ǰ
˨ӷˣҪɱ˱Ľ񺣡


28 һ꣩
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ҹԻɢ,˿Ѷİ㷴ӦֽҲ,ֻſ̵ߡ
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΢΢һ٣ʵ뵽챦ƶֵɣǲѶ˨ӵ⣬ʶһֱδԡ
˷ѯʣˣ֮ͩɱӦ컨ɱˣԶ룬컨ĶߵѪϸκκۼһ壬Ȼͬ뺣ûߵѪڣϸ飬ٽÿһѪǿѰġ
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ԣк컨ѪٽԼ֮˿챦ƻΪֻǳ˯ҪɱԷţûע⵽ԼɱʵǸˡ
ԣٽĺɱ֮ŲٻңҲٽȷʵѾˣֳ߰Ūǿӡ
챦ʱֻ˵Լ˸ɱˣ֪ں컨ʱǲ²⣬ǰдȱΪ²ɣһһ˴к컨Ķ롣
ⲻͳŶδҲ˵ЩģǽŶ֣ôһҪ룬ǱҲֻ룬һ٣Ϊ߲˵ԼҪɱˣϾʲôԡ
챦ƳǷˣŻʱ˵ԼҪɱ˵ġ
ˣ÷˨||ɱ|ʵȷ䣬Ǳɰӷ˨||ɱ|ǰ챦ɱٽ󣬺ʬ壬˨ӵͩɱֲδɱٽҲ֪ǰԺʲôʶ͵͵Ǳȥ͵
ǹٽֻ֪ٽ󵽵ûУٽʱʵɲѾ֮⣬Ǵһʦү췣Ľڡ
һУô˿Ϸ졣
ֳͨ顢ʬӷʣȻһ鰸飬ղŻѸٰѰӵ
ڼ䣬ȱһɡ
ý˵ٽ󰸣ô˫ϲ㲻ٶิ顣
һ|üɱ˰ڴʱսᡣ
ҦװͿһѺ֣ҲʹΣ֪࣬ЩȥЪϢδ˻δ˳츮ţ˳츮Իϡ
Ҳһͬ
δˣ¹ٸˡ
ϣͷ񺣬ĵӢɡ
һڹһںڰ
彪ȻһЦǴˣȥЪϢӦ
΢٣ȴԽ᣺ռӦ¡


29 
񺲢ûлش,ƶδĻֻǿسҦ,Ȼ첽᷿
һ·üŴ,Ż
ջؼ·ϣ
߱ڣصǻԷĶ¥Է,ŵ˿ǰոӦǶ,ֻǸңҲҪؼҰˡ
Ҳűһ|ҹҲƣ,˿ڹ齱,˶Щˡ
˵ţ۾Ҫϣˡ
ƶˮʱ,ǳߵ
ҡҡͷ,ϵ,ŵʦ㣬ȻˣⰸӦк
Ҳ˵һʱ
Цŵ׼Щ,ֽǻԷĳ˰˱Ͳ͹ź,ȥˮ˳ԣζãҪǲú÷
ϸ߶,׼һԺȲƷ,ŷȥˡ
վڴ,ģβüȴЩɬЦ⣺лʦ㡣
˵ʲôٳĻ䵽⣬ֻһл֡
ڰ֣ϽȥЪ
ˣŻֻڹ齱ݽš
ˮ¶ڵˮ⽥Ժ
Ƽδ˯죬С㣬£ӿƣ
ͷ۾ƺֻڳ񣺡ƣſЪϢա
˿֪ͬһССʳС㾡˯ʲôʱ˯𡣡
գգ۾ղŶζĻɹ˹ǡ
¥¶жҽţһһҡ
ʣ˵ҹǴҶϷ˯ˡ
Ӧϴ£ȻɽУһ̻˼ҪӦԶ̽һٱͬ쫷һϯһ˲ǡ
ʶǣզզء
ֻҪϣ˵죬Ҳûá
˯˸þҹƣ˯ʱϡЩΰѵɡ
Ƭ֮УεһСԺ䡣
ϡ紺ԺһȦʣۻƵӭ
ƺޣ޵úģ޵ᡣ
ڴʱһССӰһѷ۰Ǿޱһһǰ
һǾޱǰ棬񺿴ԷݣֻǵöԷۣͬ˵ĪҪޡ
һƬξ
һԼЩƿᣣϸ
Ƕɤ
Ļ԰ͬ˵ǶμҵСμ
ɩûҪ˿Ƣ
ɩ˵ģֲû
񺣺
ˣͲ˵Щû
μ磬ɩŲ㣬ǲǹ۸ͬ棿
̲סЦˡ
˸٣Ȼһұ¥
ǻԷǰС԰ǾޱͺģԺиߴͩûն̺죬ͷд⡣
ԺԭǶ䳡˲δֻľڸĳ˺԰˻̳ɽҲǴⰻȻ
ֱӴһ¥Ẕ̇ʯĻҡҷˣ߶ԡ
μһӰ۾һ
񺿴һЦ漴Ƴһ۶𣬶ԶμǼ֪ǺŪ㣬ԭȥСƽյʳͬ
μ겻ʮ껪СɿɰԲԲۣͬμ˽ԺƣŴ۾˵ʱ򣬻á
μԶ硣
ȥջеĳӹݹӣϵĺ
ͷƣ԰лŽأֻխ䳤ͨȴǿȻʡ
䵽ϵĿ⣬Ҳͬһȡ
Ŀﲢδ˿̽ƶ԰պҹݺЦչ¶С⣺ӣùʳ
㣬ʳĻȴȫ̽
չһЦü֮ޣлģҽԾЩ飬ҪһЩÿ㲻ʳˡ
μ۾Ž񺲻ӯһյϸֿһԼģ૵ѵǳ̫ˣ
۵Цǰ§סļ򣬴ȥɵѾͷⲻڳΪ˸ǰ㲻ޱ߷ҿǺã
񺷴һȴֻЦ
˽䣬СȥʱƬ㿪ʼ˹衣
ˣǻԷ÷ɣϴųɩĴȰճ㣬ԣһһƬ׼㰮ԡ
μÿˮҪˡ
ʳ˵˿Ƴһۡ
ͻᣬϸȻ޽μңʲôӣҶŬͬӹãҪ֪ϲʲôϲʲô
ϲԶ㣬Ҳǣ
һﰵСһίͻģҲǶμСҲʵɩ֮ƣ˽Ļܸж
֮ǰﻹ˵أɩһǶ˵Ϊ
Ͷһۣĵˡ
μһ˵Щ߶һھͲˣɵ
μһͷȥڽߣҹѰɩͬҸӯӯһƾţòɩ
ֻû뵽ʱ񺲻ڣ˵Щлμ˴ƾŵ¡
ͷð
¿ǿǰϤһҶļ¡
񺴹ʶμ˴ɩûУ
μҡͷûУûУɩģ֪Ҵӯӯ֣ҪѵңɩҪĸҲһ֪ͷҾˡ
ӣϲ̲סͷùʳͰӯӯӹ˵ǳԲ裬ⲻͽˣ
μ̧ͷɵЦҾ֪ɩһԸ档
μҺͽһ㣬еĳӽԳͣҪ̳鹵ģˣǵһžҪѧִ֣ҲûôС
һռЩܵö´ٷˣҲԸģ֪λɩһƽĵҲ
ƽͺһĸӣӾƽӣӺӷּ£ӾǶĸףѾȥӾǶ޺Ͷμĸףе㡣
ӶμԭǱԱɣܺӵˮǰˮʱȻأϣֻʣһ˫Ů׾ڼҡ
μ˵ӯӯǼСŮμӵСŮμӯ
ѫĳңһһʮأһһʮУеҷʢգеĵƻƻ㷽ҵǳ
˥֮󣬻ϡѫ֮λ֮٣һ
֮Ҳ緱ǣμұǿǡ
ˣȴʥּ֮ס
Сӣعͷ㿴
һƯϴЦʱЩ|д⣬ˬʴ󷽡
˿̵֮ȴֻһһˮ
䣬ȴ˱ǡ
񺿴ԼüһЦػؿϡ
ӣԸ֣ˡ
̾һá


30 
ڼЪ˼,ڻ˹
ÿȥݷɫ͸μͶμӯһƾ,żɩ˿,Ҳͬһ
軰٣ģȴܹ,񺷢ּ˴ƣӮ,ʣµĳɴԼһղøǡ
գоԼЩֲ˼Ǳʷ裺ɩ,ǲȥ游ĸ밲
,һֱۣӴ˳ȥű
ƺ󣬷ſ,ºЦ⡣
ϸǼͬ˲̫ͬ,游ĸǾȥ,⼸ʵڸУׯϵ㣬㲻ȥЩ
񺣺
񺵱治֪Ҳһ,δ,ƽ²ˣˣ,Ǹġ
ϺүϷסٶ,˭,շ˵ճȥ棬ҲڼңҲϲﾭȥ
ӺӷסԺٺʹٷסիүٷ٣ھС
һֻʣһˣĸסǻԷүһ˫δ׵ĶŮסڽүķŶŮס÷á
˵δּңϷڶǳʱѰź˹أÿҰ˿ڹиôôеҲǰֺ죬ȵûˣӼ̳ƽԼõķּ֣ҷּң־Ͳ֣ͷ̫̫ˣﰮôôڡ
һȻ˵ЩȻŶˣ游ѵȫҡ
˿ѧүӵĴĿǵƴ׬ƽøĶˣԺͿԼƾ¹ӣȥҪҪǰС
񺣺
̾游Ǻ
˫Բ˵Ц⣬һƣһ˿ǹ⣬Ȼžરϡ
һˡ
ǰ游ĸܴȰ
һ룬ıˣʧѣ游ĸһйգնԽ̵˵ιʵҲδ
˵֮ǰǹŸżܱЩ·ǰ㣬游ĸҲ˵ܲ·Լıˡ
ɫ΢ɵʣ棿
˼Ƭ̣һЦǵ棬ʶͬܰȹԼӱˣ游ĸڣӾͺù
Ľ֣˵ԼƵģҰľˡ
񺵹û뵽ΪȵĴҹ㵹ҲǸ
ɩ˼ƣԽ׽ĩʱͬμ¶죬æͱŲֱμһˡ
һ𣬽ںԺС԰ȦЩŻطϴ£ȥʳ
ϣնȻڡ
⼸˳츮޴Ҫʲô͵ڽ£˽񺲢æµ
ǶڽУûʲôҲҪֵ飬ײڼС
Ѿʮδ
ȴ뵽˽գǴһߵʳ
ĽŲعͷŽһЦӣ簡
Ҳǳ񣺡硣
æӣ£ŵæδܺúӣӲɣ
ͻݻش𣺡ôأҲΪǼұۻλҵʲôˡ
ˣҲҪġ
һԴЦŨˡ
Ц棬ۺ飬˭˵һ֮ϡ
˶٣ŵŶˣͬ˵֮ǰǰӺ¡
ɻ󣺡ʲôӣǷڽİ𣿡
Цſһֱֱȥ
Ҳ
ãõϵĶԶŴ̾һʳɡ
á
˱㰲һʳҲǴŲŲĹˣҲԲ֣˺ԸƷʳ
ǻԷС˵á
һ±ԣ±ľƻˡ飬ˣζŨϰ|۵ĶԣóԼˡ
һ˰룬žø̹ˣټ͡
Էˡ
򣬶Ѿһ붹ԣһ㹽ټӰ͹̧ͷʱڳϺ
񺣺
Ȱ룺Щԣ̫θá
ͷĵлӹģֻ̫㣬æ˲÷̻ʵë游ĸѾѵˡ
ǻëøġ
ֻȽ£˶ʮ껪˵ഺʱ
Ѿɻ飬⻰ֺһﻰⶼ˰䣬Ҫȥ̽ʡ
ȴƫͲʡ
Ҳ̾˿ԣԿǰҪ游ĸĻ
Щ÷ɡ
ͻݵȰţʯ˶
ſӵ΢΢һ٣˹Զ
֮ǰ˸ӡ
ͬлҳΪºǸˣ˶ͣʮĶʹǮվͻ
΢һüͬ˵Щ
ȴЦˣӣֳ°ϣЦп񺡣
ˣʱ·ޣЦʱȴִ绯ֻ꣬ס
Ž񺣬רעǧǳ
ǶμйأĴС鶼ǳʱǮĸߴĸڹܣǼȻҲһ
ᣬƴ
׬˶٣ҪؼУӷô̾ݷǰãһо̲ŸɣˣǼӦӴˡ
ôã֮ǰ˵԰ã𣿡
˵ţۿͻȻ죬Եÿֽ
ҵʱѹã·ϲңͬ˵Ҫ룬˼ҹģҪԲ·ˡ
ǰĿ룬Ĭ
ҭҭò÷ȣͬСŮӼƽϣԸѼҲҴ
Ǹˡ
𣺡
ЦһҲǸˡ
ӺοС˹ԭĽС㣬ǿʴ󷽣ֱˬɰģôҲ벻ӾҲС⣬ӵģ
̾һ˵֮ûаȣʶд֮״
ӣΪͬǸҪ֡
ױģĨĨᣬȻͨ۾𣺡Ҫҹܼң棿
ͨ۵ףɫ棬˲ѧ֮ǰԼܹҲѽͲˡ
Ϊ˸Уֻüһ˵ʵҲûʲô
ӣұúõŬ永ñ¶ʹͣ°
Σ
񺣬Ҳ
һƬʼ֮ϣղһЦ
á
οһЦϲͬ˵˵ʲôӶ̫ˡ
񺽿Ҳأرϻۡ
лӿ佱ʵûʲô£Ҳƾųӣ֪ȴиר
˵ţ䣬˽Ʒֺβ
ķĿ۲Цβһˢӣļɨ
Ѱʱϲβ۰׵֬ɫ
۷ۣһ档
ͬһɾݣȷʵȻͬġ
΢΢ǰԵͷҪ彪ݡ
Ұóʶ˶࣬ȴǿ͸ʵݡ


31 
,һ촽,Լ¶һɬЦ⣺Ϊ˵أ
ܵ˽Ӳǣϵ,ƽҹԣҲüǵݣ·ż
̾˿Ƕ治ʶ,Σ
ӣͬ,֮ǰҲ˵۹Σǰù,ǳ,˿Ц
۾΢еĲ룺ϲӣǽ˿Цȥ
Σ
һһ,ҲԾ侲
,Ѿ˾ųɰƹپԼ,ϳϣͲȥݡ
ֻǹĨӣǰ참ֳ㣬Ǻãֵ˵
ڶʶ,ѵöһ˿øС
ü˼,ĩ˲ŵǧǧٰ٣߲֪ͬ,Ҳ֮,֮ͬ˲֪ж,ྩ˵öòߡ
峺Ц⣬ҲԾ𴽽ǡ
΢һ̧Ŀڶϣݣңһȥ࣬ỽһ
ֻ֪ǽʹˣҲֻսսһˡ
Ц绨ţˣΪ㲻ϴˡ
ӣЦůޱߵĳ硣
ӼǴϻۣұҲˡ
֮ǰֵ鰸Ҳһͬӳа|ŷƵƹٴˣ֪ӿʶ
¶ȣѽȻƹٴͬƣŮࣿ
ҲˣλƹҲŮӣͬһѩС
ӵ治ʶ
ʮֺ棬ŮӣҿҪʶһŮ֮ƹ֮λʵҵȾ壬ŮеĿģ
𣺡
ô佱СǴˡ֪ΪξöŮӶ˼ֿɰ񣬵ԺûԵͬǴ˶ʶ
Ц绨á
ڰö³ʱּ͢Ҫһζ繬磬һΪ˴󹦵Ļʵ۽Ҳ빬֮С
Ϊ׾죬ҲҪ빬磬ˣ⼸ձδͬɩƾţʼĥԼ
ʵ۱¶Զϲڴͻ֮һķٺְΪʵ٣˶ĴƷʹʵ⣬ô˼ȱͻ飬ʵ۱±Ҳ³˫Ʒھ
ھԼֻճԼڳ͢ʱôԭ񺻹ãҪ¼Ÿŷھʵô
룬ܰ׵һ
¼гµģߣȥһĶɣͷڵЬһӦȫձ
ǰһգţ˵ؼƿ
޹ţ游ĸֲܶ˽Ҳֻͬ˵һһȺѾӻ˰
ӣֻջҿĸŷҾȻ
Ǻٷ˵ļӣҲˣ죬Ҳһ̾͵˼ſڡ
ȥݼ游ͬ游˵˻ιι㣬񣬲ᳵ·ȥԺ
ĸףܻģƺܺ˵ɼ£游Ҫ˸磬ҪСʹϱŸҳ֡
СһزǿʦڣƺƵԺʱýlѾڻܻԲ衣
ýӰһ֣lǱ񺻳ȥ㣬ɻˣҿ㡣
ҵ˽һŮе㣬ѳޣ֮ǰ齪lľֻ
Ҳޣѹֽlùµ
˵㽪lĶͷƽﶼҪͬ˵ɽºӣпң
l§ĸ첲˵ܻҪѧп棬˵ϹŰˣǵɽûȤý㡣
ȣӷܻԴϣˣlѾͷջҪ̸|ˣȥƽѰǡ
lҲֹͬ䣬ĸĻһ飬ǣ֪ˣĸհһˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˴𻰣ߣ˵ӡ
ˣŽ˻Ƶܻߣǲˣ
һ𣬼¶ϲܻ԰󣬸۵ȥĲ޲
ʮδܻȷʵ
Ů޺ϣ¿ɫ۴⣬ңϴԽˮɴȹƯͬŮŷ°ĳ
ܻ㣬Ҳ¡
ʣк£ҽУ˵ǣָﷳġ
ģСް
ܻݶ˼Ц⣬Ů޵ݣ̾Ǵˣ˵¶ԼĴ㣬£׵ͬ˵ˣ
˵ţǣŮ֣ĸŮ˶¥
¥ǰӷ޵޾ӣԷ᷿ҺС鷿и¶̨ξ£ǸɾţĿ
ܻǣŽ֣һߵ鷿ǰ
δţֱһƣ鷿֮ڵĳӳ뽪С
⣬鷿֮ڲǿãһϤӰ֮ڽŹ顣
񺾪
ôδţڼУ
С鷿ڣ֮ʡ̧ͷɰݣӺŮһЦ
壬Ҳڼںδ
˵ţָָߵ̴˵
ܻĽĺ󱳣һ鷿һ֮󣬽֮ʡȡ͹˵ˮʼ˹衣
֮ʡʱЦݽһ´ŵĳòպյ̲ɡ
ͻȻЩš
С󣬼඼ĸײٳ֣ҲڹܽŮһ˸ӣҪѧñؼҵĽ֮ʡץſ̿ҵ
ɲġ
ǵ汳ҪԼʮ鲻ֹһ鶼С
λ״ˣ඼Цʣѡѡ𷣣ɣûô̡
ɣ˻
첻µز£Ψ
˿Ҳˡ
֮ʡģ̲ס룺Ӧһи߸Ķǰͷ
֮ʡһ󿪣ѡ˸ɰڲ赹ȻһһÿǰС롣
裬֮ʡ˸ƣǰ㡣
񺼹ͦøֱ֪׽ҪʲôȻС鷿˲裬ָ򵥡
촽ȴǹ˳豭һǳɫĲ
ǰȻ鴫
һȥ֪︴գ뵿ڱ֮䣬ʱǰгƬɽѿ̡
ȵĲ¶ǣٴϢʱȴлظӿͷ
ȻǼƷò衣
ʵʵ˲裬֮ʡ̾˿񺣬ΪҪ˳츮ƹ֮λ


32 
׵ѵ,ȴδʱشͷ,˫ֽϥ,ƺЩš
ԼҲ˳õĳĬ֮С
ƹٹλ˵
֮ʡԶʮ֮нʿһбǶ״֮ͣ,ɷǣʱνǺ켫һʱ,ոٵǻصӵ۶Ķͣ˱Ϊܵù˺ͨ
ȻԸΥǽ֮ʡǰ̫˳,һ,һʮĴʡ
һ꣬Ϊ״͵ٱѹıӵ۲Ըٷʱʮ尸,˴˰δ漰ٵѧ,δǣ,ֻһҼһ𷸰˵ȡ
ǣȴ¡
֮󣬽֮ʡںԺ飬̫ȥ»¹˼,Ҳڴʱ,Ѿ̫ӵǻΪ۵۲Ȼ㿪ʼһ·˺ͨ
ʱĽ֮ʡѾھиŵ˾꣬ʮѹ,ɷƫƫ,ȴײǵഺᴫ͡
Ѷ,ּΪĽԼʮлȴҲ׻ʶΣ֪֮ʡǸܳҲǵ̫ĵ˱һ·ֱ֮ǰ֮ʡʮ֮ڵù١
̲ѾʮоţԨѧʿۼΪεϳͣʱҪˣ̲Խ֮ʡհ
֮ʡԽæµʱҲڼҡ
ֶСİүҲʮģѾɼҵΪˣ֮ʡٹܺǵĿҵڼʱǱǰͲ١
ͣɽȶŮֶȴ㴥üͷֻҪڼУһԵøƵģlˣڼҶ顣
æµܻﵹۣһг٣ټȥׯӱů֮ǰھׯϣȴһ
ʱ참ľǽʦʱ˳츮ƹɣӷĺɺϣʱ֮ʡŽˮߵ㣬Ůۼˮߵ˱һֳư
Ҳʱ참ֱɷ֮ʡ󣬽żҲһ鰸
ǻ񺲻ʮ֮ͣʡȴŮΪģѧϰ
һȥ򷸰ر߽ȴð棬˳츮ƹ١
֮ʡ񺣬ɫӺƽŮ˵㿴ܻ
ܻգգ۾ȴҲ壬ֻǽӹɰŮһ衣
ëͬ裬ɡ
ƢǾ
֮ʡ̾˿
֮ʡѹҲżɬô㻹ǲͬ𣿡
һ죬ȴҲٵʹͷܼᶨ̧ͷĵ
һɤʱȴޱȼᶨôᣬȫεľǵҸĸ˭أҲõһա
۵׷죬ʱѣǺ񣬸ҽʳҸĸ֮֮壬ýգָʮױٵԵѶ
ҲΪο
񺼸ҪʳˣҲȥ˳츮ƹ٣ͬãӦʾζűӦʣȱӦʣǱ㲻ǣС
Һ£ֻҪһǽˣҾͻ۽ңҵˡ
˵ţǵͷΪһʼ֪
˵Ҳ֣֮ʡЦݣƣ²ģ²⡣ȴƫ;Լĵ֪ģ֪ƺ֪ˡ
㣬Ҳ²Ǹ׹թȴҲʵ˵һ
˷룬ްԡ
֮ʡŮĻü΢һϣֳЩЦ⡣
㰡ɻˡ
һɣһŵĲˤϡ
ܻʱЦӯӯڣǸŮҳлôʲô㿴Ѻŵģǰⷽҵɰˤˣʲôң
ܻһڣ鷿ڵնȻһ䣬Ҳûһɣղǰš
֮ʡƵܻͬ˵仰ɾŶԽҲϣȻƹ١
仰㳹׷ɣ죬Ƶص֪ΪҪŻŮ
֮ʡһۣܻȴڣʱӭǣʷС˵ѿЩӣʹ˾Ͳ֪ߵغ˳츮ôýģྩﶼǻˮǴ̶ʮأûϴɾ㡭
ܻ˵֮ʡͻȻһĻˣˣ˵أ˵
˶ȤҲЦ⣬ЩαҶ֪ģҲܹõһΪ갸ӲͣⲢǵ֮ǽ֮ҽһ֮¡
룬ȻⱾ죬ʦҲ˵츳Ҳȥ˳츮˳츮ƹһְҲʦԭ˳츮ƹ٣ε˳츮Ҧˡ
Ҧ˵ؾУҲҰǸְ׿ϣְ쳣˳ҲŸȥ˳츮
СŮļƵⲻǸ״Ҳûǣ
֮ʡƳһۣһȻӣǵ˵Ѿͷôຢӣ飬ۿࡣ
ܻһۣ˵һ䣬СǼ
֮ʡЦⲻ䣬˵Ļȴ
񺣬·ʱ꣬ʱҲҹúת㲻ᵱ£ҸΪѾ˹ȥ£Ҳá
֮ʡȻǾͲʹࡣ
ܻŲŲ壬ס˽֮ʡ֡
֮ʡӵ̧֣ͷʱȴɫнǼᶨ
ʮعȥҲϰݣƾʲôƾʲô
֮ʡҧгݡ
Ž񺣬۵ѵЩɵˮ⣬Ҳֻһ˲䣬ˮͱᶨޱȵĹâڸǡ
һᣬղ֮꣬һкܳѰӲˮʯøʦһ
ҳ
֮ʡӲ£ӲӣҲӲѶ
ан°ٶܱȥŹģΪʦ
ʦշתͳһţûκƴֻͬһ飬ֻסʦһ
ЩδͬŮ˵ŮʱʹѹŮҹίֻŮֳ󣬳Ϊȫྩֹ۵ǧ
ȥɣûҪŮ֡
û뵽ŮȴѰ˹һҪ˳츮ƹ١
ΪҪȥƹ٣֮ʡһֱ֪Ůʲôûǡ
֮ʡŮ񺣬δҲδֻҪһ߻ͻȥ㡭㡭
֮ʡ㿪Ŀ֣ǧС㣬ǣҸһ
񺿴Ÿͨ˫ۣеĲʺΣҲ۵Թޡ
ɷǵһˣҲк޵ġ
֣߬ڣƹһԼȷʵǣҲϺư죬һ֪ࡣ
갸Ӵ۸ӣస٣ֻܴ˿Ѱܲ鵽Ȼõģ鲻Ҳź
룬Ŭ
۵Ҳˮ⣬Ǿ겻ɢίҲǼᶨޱȵĸ㡣
ҲԶõҳͷһƬ죬ҲԶ£֪ҵʵݣʱ缸ϤҶİֻʲôˣ
ѾʧȥһңҲʧȥڶ
֮ʡһĿŮϣܻͬһۣ˽ԿԷɫ
Ůʮ䣬ȴĳˣᶨ
֮ʡ̾˿
޵ݺʦĻ֮ˣ޵ܵԼҲƫִȵۡ
ʮعȥȵȥµۼλ֮ܵϣҲ֪µ۵˼
Ƕ֮꣬Σʦİת
Ǹᡣ
֮ʡ񺣬ʣ񺣬㵱ҪԲ鰸
ᶨͷǵĵ
֮ʡͷĿһãҸһµ˳ⷽ顣


33 
ЩԾ,
֮ʡЩԹһ˲ʧɾһĨ,ƺֱѵĽɡ
ľѾ,永֮˳ָ϶ʦͽʲô֪СҼȥʮ,ǣ»ʵۣٳҲǻĪ,顣
˲˵֮ʡԲʣֻܽ߾ܷĹ,鵽
첻,˵Ҳɣڽ֮󣬽֮ʡ鵽һ
ĵľɵ,ֵ̲иƷļУ·ͻȻʧ,䲻
֮ʡһ©,ԽУ꣬ʧʱǡʮУ˰ѯʹͬһε˻˵ǡСʱʧٵ,ȥϲʱ֪,βöֻ֪ܹҵʧٴá
꣬ǵڵļУ֮һ,ʧмεġ
Ҫô֪˲֪Ĺ,ɱ,ҪôԼ֮ززֻΪס
Σ궼ҪΨһ
Ž֮ʡĻҪÿһֶǽȥ
֮ʡ񺣬Ϊ̲أж̲참νͨʧٰҪʵѡ
ڽ̵Ҳڽ⣬참˵һ
ҷʧٰ󣬾ɾΪɵ˵ľɵֵɵϼ¼ΪʲݣûдǺʱʧ٣ֻ˵ʮ³ʱ˵Ҫ˳ϲƣձʧ٣ֻǸƷС޹˶ղ֮
֮ʡԽ񺣬Ҫס˻Ե޹ʧ٣겻֡
ҪôҪôǱɱʬ񣬲ɡ
̲ʦѾԪˣµε鲢Ϥ֮ӲŻ©ٳ
ҿľڣֻдѯھӣȥкγңȴδк׾죬֮ͬ˭ûѯʣʧˣĴΪβ֣Ϊβԩ
ɫأĪǡ˶Ѿ
֮ʡ̾˿ΪȷʵˣתһѵҲˣ
˾ô޹ʣ˶ںܵģ֮ʡôֻһֿܣһ˽ʮ±ྩȥء
ǵˣǴӺĻôһǵ¼
ҽ֣֮ͬеȡʮǰسǵ¼һһºƽİ¼﷢ˡ
¼ʲݣΪðվǣسʿֻԹмԵ߽¼·ʿ඼ʶ֣¼ҲּģԽ֮ʡ˾ٵǺľҲһܲ鵽
ǲۣڽ鵽
֮ʡֺͨأ˲֪ǷΪһˣ֮ˮ뺣ټһҪȥƽİʵز顣
İһͬҲʦѧѾֿʼеӣܲ鵽ҲҪõȡ
ƽȴδˣԭȹ˶֮󣬽ƽеĻɼȥвã㣬ǲ˹Ĩǡ
֮ʡһ˵ϽЦ⡣
ȴҲ֪ܻͬķ·һ˫˽֮ʡŮ京ЦķĿ
֮ʡЦʱβ̣űӻĹӰ
ҦԲԲǻ飬ܻʱƣƹζ֪ҪȥƽգҲ᲻浽ˣʲôʱؾ˵
񺣺
񺣺ҦԲԲ
֮ʡ˶˸֣һʱ磬ǰùǸҦ˵˳
ͷӣһǼɺһլԺǡڵʱڵнοڶ࣬иӵܶ棬ȥ˵޲ס
֮ʡ˵ֻƽҲ֪ҪβˣԼ˼Ҫȥʱ׼
ѾΪ˲ģ׮׮иԼǱģЦ⵹ǺãŮȥεƻԻͣɵ˻ᣬʱԿһ۽硣
֮ʡⰲŵȫ⣬ڸŮߵܻεҡҡͷڵ񺣬Ƿʲô£
˵˸߲ҵĸŮͣ£һܻ
ܻüһεǷˣѾɻ飬ο뿪ƽ֮ã
񺣺
̫רעԼѾɻ飬ļƽ
ƺҲ̫д󰭡
΢΢һ٣ȻЦģһȥҰе游ĸ²ܣڸֻҪﲻƽɢˣ϶ѵһ䣬Ҫȥƽֻͬ󲮴ĸʹɩһɡ
˶٣ְշ˵ƽ˵һ飬Դ֤Լӹúãøĸġ
ܻҶüƽɢ
ҲɢǰϷϺүңֻϲ֣ڸ²ܣ½ӷҲϺүܽϣʲô֮࣬˿ʵࡣ
ϺүһһŮӾǽ֮ʡӽ֮˼٣Ƿ⽮һҶϣֻСŮСͻؼн
˵ܻ￴ƹһˣʵʼһ壬Ҫ˵ƽ˶Ҫöࡣ
ˣЩ߰£ҷѰһҡ
Ů˵ƽ£ܻﵹǾЩ֣ЩңļҲǹĶǣȥǼ٣үϤĽ̵Щ£ԭƽҲЩ£
Ǹиĵټ
ټظ¶ڼУֻԼܳȥ棬ŮҪǲܣвҪɽˮĴ
ȻˣܻҲǳ׷
̵Ů׼Ҳǲܣ㲻ܲ˵ҲҪͬŮѻ˵壬
ܻһЦңȰ
ûסЦͷ֪ıˡ
֮ʡֶŮ䣬ѵļݵ¼Żƽ
ӲǸӣһδżͬ˵ȥƽ֮£ֻȶ繬˵
ֹһգ㵽˶繬ʱ
һսϴùʳ֮󣬱㿪ʼױ硣
ϣѾֻ˵Թڣ׼䡣
㣬ҲæµСʱһн񺶼Щˡ
ҪٳЩģȴ洫ɤӣ׼ˣ
ƿţ̧ͷɨһۡ
ֻһ֯ͷɴñ۽£ͨǱơ
һʥ״ͣǿ¼졣
Ÿ΢΢һ٣ĿֻӢ˵ͣ
񣬲ɹЦôΪǷ⣿


34 
ˇNɪ,϶֮Ҫȥƽ,۲ת,һЦ
ΰӣۺʱĶ
첽룬δױǰ,Ѱ˴ߵ޺¡
ӵ𿣬˵ʲô㶯
˵,һתӣٳЩ,һ׿ڿ,ֲܶԲ裬ɤӻܡ
˵ǿɵģ˵˿,ͬİİ,ȴӺ,㡣
ż컬ЦҲŭ񺷴Ըͬ棬Ȥˡ
Ȼ˵,Ϸ¹𻨸,л
ڰ֣öͳ黨ը֮,ֲܶɿڡ
˵,,¥ȥȡ
ٳڣԸֱãй磬һڲҲÿ
ֻûô˾μӹ磬˿ĻɺǺ档
вø£ǹ粻ã
Ҳδйø֮£빬綼ǰܶǴЩյأһһΪ鷳һڼһ䣬㲻ڣһհװˡ
̾˿Ҳǣԭڼý޸㻹Ҫݿࡣ
΢΢˿ڲ裬ֻ죬⻰üŶ׬ھҪǻȥ˵ڵʹҲҪˣ
һȻҪãģóȥ
Цҡҡͷʳ飬һ±ʵ黨ζ
סʳеݸƣЦ˵ƽ㣬һֽõֱԱʱ֮裬黨ˣֽҲס
С黨һ¿ڣ֮Ŷһ¥
ն繬磬빬ֵͬĽǻ׹ݣسѫ
ƽƽ˹ӣȥظ³˱ʥյĶޣƽӷҪ빬
ʱ֣ʱʱȴæµŽŴ󿪣һϽﱼ
ӷ޵֮󣬴ƽϽǲ̵ĳ̣˰ʱ
񺼴ٺãҲЩסˡ
ôô߰Ķ𣬲ЩԾ㾹ϲ飿
΢΢һ٣ȻͰǰһҪٻǲܽӢţ˶ӢŻٵ̣칬˹·߹հ˹̲ܽС
Ƕɮ۾ȴǰϡ
ֻдС귽ˣԵ綨һϼԭΪǽԵκɾȴŮȢ֮ԹۣСĻ֮ڼɽʹޣȴһߴ˼ɽС
񺣺
糺һƬֻ㶼Щʲôǹżףʲôô죿
ԭ붺һЦһʵҲЦˡ
Ƶģ治棬ӿɱ̾˿صӵ£ǰΪͰס
ֻҪһ֮ʡɷǵͬ·ķĿ̲ס˸ս
ӣƽڼУҲ㡭˸Ȼ
ɫһ±ˣһЦĻҵͰףǴȺ͡
ǶԵʡ
𣺡
̾˿ٶ˵ֻ˽̵зҲ֪ȡʧˡ
һһض죬Ǳ֮ǰƵȺҪʵö࣬ƫ˿
ƽӷߣһڿλãǰǣǹˡһƷԱ˵ȵȣͬƽӷ˰Ʒպڴ֮пλá
Ʒˣ㹬빬߲࣬ǡմ˶Ĺ⣬ƽӷ빬档
ƽӷģѫͨɣ棬̲סƿ˵ûˮǴߣʱǰȥҲƽ
һ⻰Ц
һֳģ˿̼ǣĺӧߣɵǿɲɣһ빬Ҫ£ɴĸҲŰġ
ĺӧ˵ͷѾͷ𡣡
ĺӧܻͬ·ֻ佫ҳȻͬѰǰйɿȻΡơ
ϸͬȣƽӣҲǶĴ󲮶μ򴨸һԣ˵ҲӲż
ϲϲ˵Żȴ˲֪ô񺻹ĸʲôʱһϤɤ𣺡ҵ˭Ƕ竵ϱ
عͷƼʱͬĲԸɼŮ¡±곤꣬Ҳǽոճɻ飬ɷҲǽٺƷǧǲӣӣֻʥϻδּ
ʶҲּܷ빬
عͷüôҼǵ㡭ѽҲǵļˣʹļҲſ
±ɫͨ죬Ц֪ྩڿЦ
治ɫŶд˵£¾ڼͬɩϷƾţżãҲŴɢ÷ңһҺԲҾ֪
ɫ֪ǾȻУ۱ҳ̣ÿæͣ仹Ҫͬһ鵯٣㡣
˵ˣ˵ڶ˸˵һ
һͨȥһݵ¶ֵס㵱Ҫ
񺣬ʲôõ⣿˭˲֪Ͳţ»ڶձַӣ˵ʲô㣬ǷʶҲڽ¡
һһڲ裬̧ͷʱȴЦ绨
ϴŵЦƺǶʤ˵Ľһ㣬˶ǻ֦չġ
Ŷˣ๫ǡٺǧϱ˾ţѹֲ֪˹֪๫ʵְɣպʹҲԸһƷɡ
ɫȻһ䡣
ڼͬɩҽлҲ֪˭˵ͬںϷ࿴ᣬ޲ɰ¸˻ˣ˵úüζЦѡ
ԭͲϲݣƾʲôʱ˶ʲô˵ãƾʲô
Ȼû˵ġ
ɣ񺣬Ǳʥϴͻ˸ƨǵ竣
Ǹʲôģ˭˲֪ԵܹӲŹ֡
ųûգʹ͵Ϣ
½һ֪빬ôӣΪ˵Ц񺣬֪Ȼʵȱ
ʵְƷʹǿɲģ๫Ժܵ÷ӣоλϮ´һֻᳵξˡ
ôԣԭһֱʱڣѽСŮҼҲЦķ˲ᵱɣ
ĺӧͬһۣعͷȻǲġ
ҲûҪ治ǣ


35 
ĺӧƢеĸǶ֪,ײ
˶棬ԸμӸ̤;λ,Ҳ˵ʲô,ƾϺүͺ˵ӣֶƽһ룬˼ȥȥͲˡ
ĺӧһ,˱΢΢ɫס˻ڵ,ֻЦ˵ǲǰӷˣǽһ˵ǿ˵˵
ֲЦˣ˷ĺӧҲξ,ֻǳ˵˵ͷ,ȻŽǰȥ
Ƣù鲻ãȴҲ᲻
ܻһЩʱƫмѾ,˼λ곤δ,е
һӴŽ,ͿԼŮһңң
ܻ۾һŮƽҲϲױݣͷ,ǲСŮҵױ,˴ĺء
ھĽ񺣬Գȣü,ȴѾ˳Ϊ˸Ķׯģ
˵Ļ,ĺӧǼܻＸε,λ׼˷˵Ҳ
֪˶ƣ곤ǽǺ棬˼СȴĻϲſҺϷ
ԭ˿Ц
Ųһ٣ȻӭȥһĸףһŷҲĸһߡ
˿̣ĺӧҲЩЦ⡣
ܻ˵˾ʲôȻ˾ͿܻͷһЦ֣ĺӧС
ⳡ棬Ǹ춯أ˶ݡ
˺ģܻﰲŵλþڽߣһº󣬽С˵ôŵʺ͹ﶼҪˡ
ܻѾͬĺӧûٺѣָֻǰ󸾵빬ǴŸϷ˺Ϸˣ˵˼
Ҳĸ׼Щˣ¡صĹȴͷһؼλÿҲֻƼλһƷھıӰȴܵüһһһһݣ˹Ŀ
߸ݵŸϵķˣŸһЩںļƣᵳӪ˽̰ܻߣͬκ͢Աװף硣
ֻһϲȰ¡֮֡£ڳҰпڱȴײϲ
Ȼȷʵǹ֮ܳҲҰ²ά
ʶ²ϲȴҲᶯֺ
ֻͦŸϷˣЩ³ζˡ
ߣֵϷ˾Եûò٣һͬλ˼һ·˵˵ЦЦλã֮ͬߵһλ˵ЦԶԶˣ֪һǻϲ
λϺǸˣ˵ŸɣǸģ˭ϻˣӪͬûȣйڣϵλþ̩ɽ
λڶȴΪЩζ
񺱻ĸſۣϴ̫ĳʺﵽﵽ
һģλϼɫĹй󸾣˽ԴڣֻǰʺʽԵԽػ
˷ڣϵϼٳ֯ƣⶹ飬߶
ʶδʺ󣬻ʺӼӲʹ£ƽֻᡢʱŻ֣һĬԣӲ˵һ仰
òԶȴϡҲܿʺǸׯ㣬ǵδϸԵԽᡣ
ĹȴһȻͬʣܸߣüĿǷҲʺҪ࣬ʷ
Ź֪ʺδ˿ڹ֮ϣȴ׻ʺǰ档
밲˶ŷֹķμҪͬʺĲһ
ͬһʺǰ㣬߸߶֮ϸƲҹǡ
˶ʺ㴹ڷһԲл΢΢|꣬¶һЦݡ
ͿŵޢָյĿ棬һڳʷѽڣԸ֣ͬ㿪繬磬ͬλһ𹲶ȼѽڡ
лһԣƫǷС㣬ԶƱһϵλ
лһЦȻͷʺ󣺡һһƣ
ʺ˳յһЦףҴ١
գλҲһУףҴ١
һʱ䣬гò硣
ڼ򵥵Ŀ֮лԼˣûôԹأλЩǣ׼˸裬һһ
£ƫбڵ˿ϸǰ߳Ĵˮ¡
һǹϲãϲĻŽأֽ塣
Ÿ轥𣬹˿ʼϲˣ񺿴ǰһһʳؿ˿ܻ
ܻСͬй綼ȽУ糿ѱãСģʱҲˣЩÿƷһƷˡ
˶٣ԭҲ빬磬˽
ЦŶıˣʱ·Ϸġ
Ůǲģܻǵĺӧ棬ǿ˶һ䣬ϻػţϸྩжǿ
ĺӧҲܿãÿ춼̼ܽ̽ǼѾͷǶɳ羴λܿɩˡ
һһݺݰѽͶ죬Ͻ˵һϯ絹Ҳûôߣ˾˵˵ЦЦ˳ʱ
óͬĸ׷ֿĺӧѰԼҵ
ĺӧк棬ȴҲׯ壬ҪϱǼ仰Խϲ
Ƣͬ·ʲô˵ʲô˲ҺùҾͲñ˺ù
ɬһЦĸ˵ҽҲ̫Щ˵ҲͰˣǰ˵ÿ飬ϲΪ˼ͷƣ˵һҪܡ
⻰˳ĺӧ۵ݣɺǸпܵԵˣҲס
һ˵ţһѰԼʱͿѾڵ棬ڷǱ
£Ȼȥժͷϵķڡ
ⷢ䣬ģѹҪˣԽļǷھԽȡĳһʮķ
ԼͷȥСţЩίɫɷ˻
Ұ㣿̽Եһ䡣
΢΢һ٣ͷ𣬾ͼƽԼ˫вԵֻҪæѡ
񺣺
ʱ˺ˣҪ˵Цٻ⡣
ճˮ٣ɤЩɣɳɳƵģʧȥյ顣
ɫ΢ֱ֣һסǳصķڣһֻḧһķ˿ϡ
ĺȻһͣ
촽ƺǽţɹһЦɲǺģҪ˵
ӣ֪Ƿȥƣ


36 
⻰,һ
ҡеϷȣü嵭ɨ,˶һۡ
£
֪Ϊ,һ񣬱֪Ҫ֣ȴζ,ޱ˵ŪĲ
Цݣǰ̽,Žƣ³ģ̤;ĺʱڣƽĻ,ַǷ,ұһȥɽˮһΪ֮𡣡
⻰˵ÿ涯Ƿ޺¼,׼߲,ֹ
񺵽ײ,ߣɻؿȶ
Խǿ͸ԽŪȥ
Ŷǽҵ,˾ʥϵ,úھаΪʥЧôҪȥУ
΢,װģǰЩʱ˵Ҫ׬,ôվͱԡ
ס˰,УȻµ˶ţ飬һҵĴ
𣺡
ˣ⻰һһף˵ʲôܸϣҪƳ滰Űݡ
ȻҪҲǲܸ
˼Ƭ̣зâ΢ͻȻ֣޳ָȱһѹȴӽһѹȥ
˿̵ĽЦδ䣬лⴺհٻһ֪ļˡ
ЩΣӣϷŪҾ͵ôȤ
ҲΣԽΣԽˡ
Ȥģصϲˡ
ϲֲöĶѣ⽪δ˵ڵ֡
ϷˣЦǶŪ
ܹ鲻ʲôû
񺿴һ䶺˵ֶӲǣ泩
ӣڶһ¡
ǷһǷҪ̹ϸȥУܵøɲǣϰ£ѡ
˵ÿͰֱͣǱСϱ
ȥüһ񺵱֪ࣿ
ִ˵ܾôŵýһû
ҵ֪ࡣĵϵϷɫһ˲
˷Ľ񺣬ͬҹƹһ޶
ջߣ˫ƽϥϣһһ¸ƽ塣
񺣬֮ԣԲ⴫ܷ
Ϊƹٵһ棬ϸ緢̽񣬶δȫȻΣҲ֪ǰٽ
ʲôʲô
̧ͷ˫ںڵķ𣺡Կԡ
༥δˣҪѰ˺Ҫг⣬첻Ǵɡ
Ժ©ҲԲǴﴫʱδ˵Բˡ
̬ȣδöüĿе̽ȥ֡
ü嵭ȥƽΪΣҲܸ֪֪˷Ϊ˾˾󰸶ȥҵƽϡ
ҡӵ΢΢һ٣ŬƽоЦ˿δ䣺ϣ
֪
֪
̧ͷǣȷʵ֪Ҳ֪ƽǷܲ鵽֪ǷаչֻӦ䣬ֻܸ֪㲻֪
Ҷһǧ𣬴Ӳڲƭˣӣɷģ
۾һתⶼС·ҪͼǿΪң
ոӿɲǴԡ
Ҳǲ֪Σ֪˷ʵװİ磬͵£
һ˷ܣɳĬƬ̣͵Ƿ޶ȥ;ǡ
˵˵ȥʵǴ¡
Ͻ绨ЦգϸҼɺһլԺ뻨󲻹ӣʱǿɾڴ˴
쳣ͻݣ¶Ҵȥæ±ɣã
ģ𷴶ţΪΣ
񺿴Ŷ鼫ã֪Ҫʲô
𣺡
зһֻ̣ޣĩܵڣܵȣ˴̵ڣұ㡭
·𱻸һ㣬ҧгݵұ㽻Ӵ
ϸĹ⣬۾ЦǷ⣿
ЦݽӲһһٵޱΪһ壬Ҫӷ⣿ǸС̡̣ˣֻҪ㿪ľͺá
⻰˵⣬ȴҧгݡ
ģͿˡ
æһ裺ǿڿʣڡ
ǣޱΪһ壬ҼɺլԺ÷סˡ
һڰѲˮžúࡣ
Ƭ֮䣬»еЦݡ
лӣȣΪж
ɬˡ
һͻصУһ϶¥һȵĴ¾£̹ࡣ
ѩѩȡůȼ𣬴΢üĿչ
ѩƣͬҧ䡣
һضдţ˵үȥƣҹվһȥƽüȹլӴɾЩȥ
ƵǣڸУȥ͡
ͷȥɣһɡ
ˣűϸ˼ոնһһС
Կ϶һĲ¶ȥƽֻǵǣ˾Ĵ󰸣δԡ
˾ʥһִһǶ˽Ʋⶫ˾ҪİӾǶ˵İӣҲʥĵ¡
ΪӣԼĸ˾ɼⰸжҪ
񺴹˼ǧ
ǳгʮˣʱͱΪ̫ӣսңһֱµ۷ӵ۸ٵǻ²Ϊ̫ӣʱνвۣһ˳
һֱ֣ȵ죬̫֮λ̳дͳΪ¾
ǻʱδڣ¾
һλ񺲢ϤĻʵۣ֪ԷԺִţ಻֪Ҫʲô
Ϊͬ͸ҪӦͬ
˼һڰȻ˯ȥ
սԭؼһˣǰЩʱŻȥһΣ˷ȥʵףҲֻ˹ɩһƾš
ĸ⣬ѩҴҽЦŶԽ˵С㣬ׯµӣң˵ӣر𣬷˵С㰮ЩҲ׼һ𳢳Ĳࡣ
ѩϲδЦžһſɰ
ࣺūѾϴӣң͸СǶ
һ⻰Ǹˣһƣۿ˿Ȼȥơ
ҼҵӣңƷֽвּ࣬޽Ӷɣһֻܲٽ£ֻݵġ
ЦǺãõпڸˡ
ͬǴһƾţ˵˹Ҫͬȥ棬ǻƯơ
˵ʱźùŵС㣬˵֪ˣүú棬ȱʲôȥ򣬿ɲίԼ
գ̲סЦˣǲίԼͷɺլȱʲôùүϡ
ʱǰնԵĶһЩûڱǰ硣
ǲ˭ң


37 
ܰ,Щƣܾе,ƽ,ֲ߲ݣǶ˶,Ǹƽƽˡ
ΪٵǻĵƢϵú,ֻҪüͷҪ¶̸ܺ
,ǻ֮󻹸̫֮λľµۻָ˵λ,ƽ˵겻ԩٴʱҲǸӢ
ͱ֮ǰüĽֻҪֺܻһְٰ,Ļͥ,Ρ顱
˿,ֶʱҲЦݣΪ㡣
˵ǡñͼѾʧ,֮ǰüĽ˲Ǽ,˵˽͵׷ֻǽԼıͼƷ
˵,ŵ,Լ,ѲµñͼΪķݣһƺһʦߣʦƽѾְȥƽˣѰزֱͼ
ʱվ鷿ĶǳȸʣӢü΢ԵüΪ˽ʹɡ
۵ţֻҪͲ֪Ӧ
񣺡ǣ
ñͼʧٶ꣬ҷݣ׷ȫҲ̫ģϾϾûȫͼ˭Ҳ֪Ҫ
ֻǶ⣬ǲܰģ̧ͷͫ΢ɢͨеʲôˣҰ£﹬⣬Ҳ֪ࡣ
̾һѾ̫ˣ޲ϲѪǶѳġ
ֻ˵ԻҪش
˵꣬Ŷ룬üԹԲ̣ѳԡ
ʱݲǳǳһɣ΢һǡôЦݡ
ֹʣΣ»Ҫϼڵģ˷һ⡣
ӵֶ˶٣̧ͷ˵㰡ʲôܲµҵ˾ԭᣬ㰵꣬˭֪
˭֪̫ף¹ţ̫ձʷǵȷʵЩ۶̵Ĺ
Ȼ˾һҲԥɴֱΪĶ
ᣬȥҲûʲôͣϤĸ˾ôУξǧ˶Ϊֶοɱ̫ࡣ
˼ˣΪ˳ģЦŨתʵְûգЩʱƼӣ
нգȫЯԳྩ͵ѣΪңΪЧԱ£ֻим֣󡣡
˶лʵҲ⣬ۼǿŶ𳤴ҲԽ̵ƷǺܿ϶ġ
ˣ˷Ͽҷθ֮ø˳˶ŷ
Ŷֻл޷ʹĹְûбˣ
΢΢һ㶣ʵڴȤҲֻü״
£ʹù٣ЩĽء
ۺǺһЦ޻͸һ绨Ӱ
𣺡
лл£ǽ
ۼһӿ̲סЦôǲǶǸѾͷ˵
ĿƣЩɵʣѵ治ţ
ֱ֪˵ʲôãԼǵ£۲֪ܲʵ۵ʣɬ
£ĺܿ˵С㵽Ǻӣعȳֻķݣͬ
úܣһС˵ӣδڣȴӲ϶ɡ
Ҳڴ˿̣߶Լϱʱ򣬲¶ഺ١
ЦǺǵͶˣ˵ǸùȫྩĹ㶼ⲻͽŸǴͻˣ
ǸСúú壬úȰٰܹܾüʵڲٺˣ˵ͻȻЩԼȥ޿ɲ˵
ȴһķŵĿ̧࣬ͦͷϣ£ǲɣͬǱ´ͻ飬һҪҸǲŲΪȲһ
⻰ƯˣüЦ̵ĹԲѳˡ
˵һŴ鷿ҴҶһ̧ͷͼ˵
ˡ
֮ʡһ㶼ȣֻԭص밲Ե˵ҪȥƽЩʱǰջ˼ңԶٷ˵˵
ȸղǰԻţǽӲģ⻰Ҳ𣺡ǣС
ͬͬųң֮ʡЦҡͷߵ֣ϵŮͷࡣ
֣ƳһۣǵģβͶҪˡ
λ˻ûü˵䣬ͱߵĴ鷿
˿̵ƽУָѾʰʲ
һǲ֪ԼҪ鼸յİӣҲ֪Ҫȥգ˺ܽţȻӦ˶Ͳ;ϣԶš
һʰæʱ֣ն磬ѵڼһʳ
Ǻ棺˼ùٶﶼǲǲµôֵûûҹæµ
ԼУҲͬǡˡҲٶűɷģɢضŷ룬Ƿ
æһ죬ǰԣǡСֻľƣ
ܸһ𺬺˵ҲҪ˾ֻб˾֮ء
˼ͷ£ڱϿԣѾʰüʲʱܶҲǵǰʰЬ࣬ƽв᳣Щ
һ٣̧һ۽񺣬ףЩζ
ֻĪ
ôʣҿ˵
нЩЦ⣺ûУֻǾӡΪж
һۡ
һڹƫˣǰؼһټ磬Ѿźò£Ǻձߣձؼȥɡ
ͷá
˶Ǹɴӣһһңܻͽ֮ʡһʳùʱ㶯ƺƵƽȥ
ƽҲྩ˳츮Ͻ֮ڣǰҦ䣬Ҧӡţȥƽ
ʣµѾС˴һټʲһ
һǺƺƵͩϽַ
һ˵Ҫȥƽ棬ЦϺǣ浽һȥǲѧ竰ˡ
ܹһ˵ڼҴأһ˴Ǳƽĳǳȥġ
Ҳ˵ŻеƻԻ֪ͣҲȥ漸գ
ŲЩһ·ԳԺȺȣϼʱڽƽǡ
λɺլԺڻвԶǺ󲻹һңӾɺڡ
һ뽪լԺʱŲԶɱˣɱˡ
üͷһͷ񺣬Ҳƿ
ԣ˶Էе⡣
ͬһžˣ


38 
໥,Ͼɱ˶£Ҳδٺ,תнӹ׵,һ
飬ĵһ̱˷
׽|СӰͬһӰһʧ˵ڡ
,㼲۶ȥ
𶨶Žʧ򣬷ɿ춣񼸾,Ҳֱһ׷ȥ
һ˲䣬˱ʧ
𿴳׽|С,ٶȴܿ,ɱȺѪŽд󣬼Ϣ֮,ͣѲ⡣
ԴǴ˴
ͣ,Խ,Ҳ˲ʱϵ
˶Ѳͣפ㲻ԼͬվѲĶִ̺ա
ǸʮӣϱŸ˶¨¨ﲻͣˮ,ӳһζ
Ƥ,ԵѺƣȻǷȥ
Ѳ̷Ѳҹֵģ˿̱иѲѲ,ͬ˵,ܵ˾,һֱֻẰɱˣɱˡ
ѲЩͷʱƼͻȻ֣ϵ֮ɫԽԡ
ʲôˣʲô
ϵ֮ѲϵıЩӲӲŵƽ
ͬϻֱȡƣһӵѲУ˾ٰǷ˺£
Ѳæҽӹƣķģ䣬ŵòѽƶȥ
ɫˢףͰ˵˵ˣ£ѯʡ
һǸŵ
º͵λ֣Ǹղ·;ǷװǷ˵
񿴶ͨɣһ֪Ƿˣ֮ʮֺеǱȸղƶ࣬ͷָָŵմߵ·ھҹԷʱ͡Ϳ滨˸ˣͮͮĺ˺öѪ
֣˼һͲҿˣæ
Ѱ㳡Ǻ¼ˣһ·ײײǰѲ׺һʱŵʲô˵
ṫſ࣬˵ó
ԲǷȷһǸˣֻѲһѲ̣λգ˸ȥֳ̡
ֳѲ̷ĲͷѾײײܳһѲĽƣʸ
ֺõصˣȥ
Ѳǲͷ˵űǣһ·ǰȥ
ˣҹԷǰﴦгƬԷ̨ͤпʱ˴мУۣպ󣬴˿̾ҹԷδڼӦֻгаżȥ˲ࡣ
Ⲷͷˣ˵Ҳ䣬ԭ˼λߵķˣҿȴ޶һһ׺ɱȥһ仰˵ֻ꣬Ƽβˡ
ͶŲϻļֳһһ㵢̹⾰񿴵ȫΪ棬ֻ˲δǶƬ̣һ
ţǽʹһ˻һԽٱȥ
һʱ۵糸磬Ѿδ˿аҪЦ
𼲳֮лϣƶδзֺţɽŷӣ˵ã
ŷһĶС
ƳһۣƵܱ׷ϣã
Цˡ
δٶԣֻͬ񺲢ǰУһ·˳УԶ֮һյĹԶԶͿһƬдеĻ԰
԰ӦиרݣʱҶïʢȴңСģ̳磬̨ͤϲˡ
ʱǰʱ֣ϼٺ췭ϣջԻͣҹԷһƬפ㡣
ԷţŲδʱŴ󿪣һС·룬С·ͷԼɴһïʢĵ̳Ӧȡ֮ͨ⡣
ͬһǰͣ£㿴Ļ̳ȷʵһӰ
òǻ֮䣬ȷʵһѪڻ
ͬһۣһ
һأüһݣСġ
˵̫ʱ¹ƤѥѾأֻýʪֻһҪǰˤȥ
˵ˡ
ݣδ˼޳ֱѾϽϸ֫
ҪСġ
һ񺱻ηڱ֮Уģ˿̻ز
ʶл
˵꣬ŸܵϵĽʵ۰򣬶ֱƱ֮ǰ崺ҪӲȥɼ̸ȷʵ˰ġ
ֱˤڵأǵˤɹ࣬ҪǱ
񺲢ǰ㲻֪ôײúʲôֻ֮࣬ѿվȡ
һȻɿ֡
뿪ϸ֫һ˲䣬ȴ룺ôɣ
ȴѾȹڣһһǳȥ߱ƽꣿеʯ·ԣ˽Ұ֮أǲߡ
֪νֳԾܿмֻ˳űϵĲƤߣǻ̳ǰüͷ
΢ɬѾȥʱ
ǵģȷʵѾˡ
ǸոڴŴĺɫ˿ۣҲѪܷ߱ķ羰ĵ档
Ϧֻʣͣ˿˿ƵɫӰڴϣԳһƬʣĵͬܵʢĵһ㣬Ƶǻŵġ
ޡ
ȫذ׵޲Уֻб¶ƺΪչǹƬΪչ¶ĵ
񺶨ϸֻߵƤ˿ϷһƤ⴦ֻз׵ѪۣѪˣҲɴĿġ
ҲǼٳ棬ȴͷһμòߣɾЩĻš
ⳡôôˡ
ɫҲѵ彩ӲӦѾȥʱ߱ԻԷţȫ¶ŵһ̳࣬ĵγƺΪһۿĵƬ
Ťͷ񺣺ĪǣҪչʾƬ
üͷ΢壬ʶҲȻϸ⼸γĻв֦Ҷ䣬۶ժҲδ֪
˵Ż죬ԭǳѲϵ
ȥͳҪ룬ͣſڲн
ǲͷС˳Ųݵ߽Ѳ棬ҽ롣
Ѳ˴ȷΪֳǸϵʱѾȥʱ˷ҹԷͨãòػԷȥɺｪլüͨţ˰
һ۽񺣬˰˾֡
һ̧ͷ𣬼࣬ĮӢ֮нţůҲůı䡣
ͷֻȶӶˣҲ߱©ǯ}˵ĵͼ
£°
һƨ|ϣŵɫҰףɫ
üһͬһۣȻʣΪ


39 
ǲͷĨһ,ǾԼ̫ˣ߶վ,ŵ֪,ƽиϰףһδлز۵Ů󣬻ϸ,ƽҸ١
˼ҶͨȲ,нϼ򵥵Ļƣʱ«ͼҲгΪѡͼ,ĵ÷,ͷԽ˵Խ˳ָߺ󱳵ǸĵƬ˿,ĵ껹ǻҶõĴɫ,Ϊľһ󼪡
˼ͷ,ӦŮӣ
ͷſ񺻹ڣЩȵ۾æػڣɷҪ°ѷͻظУ˴صأɭɲ,ɱŻ˷ˡ
һ,ͻȻֳ˹죬һĶڰ,ȴԼ˿Ƕʹķ,˳츮ƹ١
ʶϿȥ,ȴĿԼŨûЦ⡣
ߣһѱסĸ첲ͬһҴӲ£ᱣҵģ𣿡
˵ţ񺻹ıλͷסݡ
ϾؿϷ˿ҲΪϣģͷں˾Ұ참һŮɱȣ˵ҷˡԣͨ˵Ҳһ
˵꣬ͷ񺣬ͬ´磺ˣΪԿɶԣ
񺣺
һۣ֪ͲµԼݣԼ˵Ҳݣͬ˿㻹ܳ䣬ֱļˡ
ҧһǡ
ʣΪˡ
Ƴ˲ͷһۣһ˼֪֪شˣ˵Ϊ˳츮Ͻ˳츮ƹ١һЭͬ참ڵǰ᰸
ְͱҪߵö࣬ټ϶˾˸Υǲͷһǣȥ
ͷˣɿ֣һվһߣ˼λϡ
ˣҲαװ˴ĵ̫ïʢ棬õȰĵγܿȫΣݸողͷԣӦΪŮԡ
ֻ̣㲻жĵƬǲͷԵ£ߴԼʮӦδ޵Ůӡ
δͬȤŻ̳ȵ߳˶ߣ˱ֻվڻ̳֮̽飬ܿߡ
˼Ƭ̣ȥ鿴һһ˹бֳֳϸڽԲ꣬ۡ
Сġ
䣬һߵǱԽϻ̳Сվڻ̳ϣ̳Ķ߰벽
ԭأָŻԸԽ˴нӡ
ͷʣӡ
ԼһңӡӣӦǵ£˸ߴ磬ӡԼΪߴ룬ԼǳӴС
˿ִԼʬڴˣΪ·ײȳӡֲδʬʱ꣬־ˮӡûдá
ΪĲõʬֳߵ̬̳ѡǷĵƬһ֪ıѾãȻˣֳز¶
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Žţͷʶ𣺡Ƽ𣿡
Ż̳һȥг̹ʱͻȻͣסˡ
ָһýСĹȥϸ￴Ƿܿʲô
Ųָķ򣬵ôǰһƬдеĵһƬҶˮĵӰӰ´£һĻǽ
Ųţţš
ͻȻһ˫ŭɵ۾ڻС
˫۾ڴŵִֺͫڣβ̣Щ鶯֮⡣
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ûɡ
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ýϵԼҪСʱȻȥһζϾӻϴ²ǣ
Ų΢٣˿öǣԽݣزܺúò鰸˵ᱻɻ󣬹ʶֻܻƹٷϸ̽顣
Сƹ٣֮ղܣϣҲδʡ
˼Ƭ̣ǱȻأϾҲ֪Ƿ࣬õ֣ƽϣһһشԼҪʱˡ
Ȼö࣬ʱô˵̱˲ʱɳۣһʱܸϵ
ͷͷ񺣬΢䣬һ
ɻô
ЦЦղǻǲͷ˵ֻҪߣͲ£ǲͷδߡ
񺣺
ȴסĸ첲˷ЭưҪʲôлң
Ц⣺Բ죬һӦҵҲӵģЭưõ˳¶ʹͣ˳츮ƹҲн͡
֮⣬еҲУôͬҪ
۾Цݸǽߣֲƹ٣ƹýҺθأ
Уһйһ»⡣
ſڼŵѲ㿴ңҿ㣬һۡ
˼ʹˣ뱱˾н|ڻνǷް
ǰɿ֣ƺ˶ڶ
ʲͷǺʱꣿ
ͷˣմԼʱʼһ꣬Լ˰ʱͣʼС꣬ߡ
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ͷһ־˷ģһò¡
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һ·˳ǣ˽լϴ󣬲ŷָпտգѹʱ֡
լԺ䣬ԺãֻѡԺסԺԷ鷿ǹԾѡ鷿ס
ԷҲһѣʳɡ
ѾԸˣǻ·ϣҪٵ̣Ȱѷ˵
ǣ˺ͺ÷
ǻԷգ˶Щˣ˱һһ뼦˿棬һһһ°档
ڲٶθʹŵ˵ǳǹ߷


40 
ྩȼ,ǿ֮²ϣտ಻,쳣ŭ,ظǱ˾֣Ϊάΰðտɰҵ
˵Ч΢,͢ġ
ʶྩУҲֶǳ嶯,||ɱˣ޷ǶǲƲüǰ㸴ӵİӵײࡣ
һ,永֮˴ǳ
ǳ,ı˰ֳ㣬վܲࡣ
ȴ,񺿴,Ҳߡ
˼ǳ,ֵĶ䣬ҹԷüǰ֮Ǹ˽ԿȥĻ԰ƽҪߴԼ·,Ҳ̤ࡣ
ڽ,ʮ˽УξһѫȫƾԼΪνǰŷЩɼȻ,˾Ҳܼ
ʶİ참ҪȽ,˷üΪ
㿴һȼ,һߵֿһڶĿߵĵطʬһǳֻҪӦҲţðűײƵķջһҪڴ˴ʬֻ˵ҪôԴ˴쳣Ϥ֪οͻںʱ|ȥҲԴ˴г˵ִ
ֳÿô˵ֵıɹˣʬֳǵӦ֡
ôǾг߳ɰգΪǳҲǸٷ
һ̲ͣѳʬֱֳͬ˵壬˵꣬΢˿֪ΪΣ
ĻҲ֪ΪΣĿ⾹޷ӶŲѹ˶ϲ͵ˣǱѰ˶Щ
ԼǣҲ֮ͬ⣬ҾǸνҲһ
΢΢üŶ뽲
¿ӣӲ˲죬ȻųҲ˵Ǳصϰ֮һѰ˼ұزǰ׼Ͼ˭˶ϣ˳꣬ڴزۣʶһŮزۣ˼ҶҪȥׯ㷻ƷϾֻͣգǾòҲʵȡ
һʳǵЦ⡣
΢䣬͵͵ӿȫ
δĿ佱ֻͷҲ˵˼Ҷ˸ƣǸƳƱغܼ򵥡һƴԸ»ΪĵּΪ⡣
һƬĵ幤տͼ䲻Ů죬ȴҲǻЩ㷱ƬѰûʮССһƬ壬ļҲҪġ
ԣǷȴׯ𣿡
⵹Ǹ鷽򣬽ͷãԺȥֳȷߵݡ
Ц΢΢һһʬݲò飬ܲݵֻɲֻ߰˷ܲ鵽ס
ڽԣ˰һ²ƣᱻɵֻܵȺ
񺵹ǲ֪д£üɫҲ
ѵò𣿡ƣȥ
Ų豭΢΢һ١
ƫͷֻȥӨӨ⣬ͬһɬѱ档
֮ԩ߲ܲıȫΪ鲻˵ıҲֻܵȴʱ
ȴ̳ʧȥɵ˫ۡ
߻ţһǸĿɰСŮͬŮһÿյæµ֮ױǰԼա
Ȼ˵һʲôʱܳ󰡡
ȴȥеδֻͬһ㱻˶ڻ̳ˮʪͬһ
һЦ˶˵Ʊж񱨣ȴΪȻ
ߺ㱻ۣ⳩죬ҵ֪ѡӦˬʱſӦ顣
˻һڣ֪ԼЩӿ촽֣߬Լٶ˵һ䡣
𻺻˫һ̶һԼյ˫ϡ
ԣҲŽỺƺֻૣôҿΪ֮Ŭ
һҧ´Ȫӿķ
˭أ
֪Ϊλţ˸ĸ׵֮˾ǲԾ˵һȥ
֣ͬ˭ġ
Ҳ˶ѡ
˾İ˼֪ǷԸϵ
һɫ˿ѹʱϦ䣬ҹգ֮һƬž
һ̣Ҫҹղóš
Ҫͨõ˿ѾȥһʱһһرͣԼдʱɵ
˸˿ָֻǵɵģѽҲ֪ΪΣԭƽ棬ȴδһձ˰ӡ
Ӱ˵ǲ˵ã
һۣ˿ҲƽɱǵģҲ˵ˡ
һ䣬ƱҴҽԶȥæɣұȥЪˡ
һǣռ
񺹴|Ц绨õѽ
صԷ㿴һװӴ
Ѿͬǰؾأֻվڴߣ಻
񺻽ĵˣ
Ц߹ȥ֣һڹϣȻһ·ࣿ
ҡҡͷɽӹĲ裬ȡ
֮ǰҦ˵ķԸһ⣬תʦ㣬ƽɼƹһְɵȡƽõ
ЩȣҦ׿ԣ
ͷ飬ʦ뿴
չһüһԽԾ
Ҧд˳츮ƹٷǰƽɰ¼ѯǷ䰸δᣬһ⣬ƽ֪Э顣
ʵݣҦ֪߷ֻ֣δѯʣ˵ҪȥƽҦ䵱ʱһûʾ͸˼٣¡
ȴû뵽˻顣
ԣҦǸùǺˣб˼ƶδʧ롣
Ҧͬһ㣬ΪʦɵɰϴΪٲ
ʦɰѹڽж꣬ʦʱͬ˵ҪԼȥ߽Ҫ£ؿƿҪ֪
ɼˣܸģʦȥʦȥȴҲ֪ࡣ
ɫЩأЩţСʣʦǷ常
Ҫʦ㡭ҧ´ұԼ飬۶Ҳ常ֻס
侲Ҳ˼СһģĪҪʦҲ֪Ҫ£˷ǰƽҪ£ҦӦ֪йؽڡ
˿
񺣺ʦ㣬ʲôͬ˵ҲҪ֪ΪΣֻҪܰʦæ岻ݴǡ
һůѾͷһṢֱ϶˵˾һӲģһʦ㣬׽㣬ʸ־塣
֣§ļĺ󱳡
ұлˣЦŶûҿǺá


41 
Цּ,Ժת
ɫƽΪһ,˽,ʮǰƽƽбʧ֪ȥ򡣡
á
мǸжǻϲ,εѾͷ,̫ˣԺƭ˿Ǻã
ȴҲˣܱƭأ
㰡һ,,ҲϤͬһѯ,ֻװİ,ʱ±ǡ
ȡϻ,ĻʮȥϤ֮˼䶼ģƴ˴ղƴճôһ,ֻá
굱ƽʱδ֮,֪ǹһ˻飬಻֪ǷѾգװı,,ֻ˳ŻѰ
ǻ,ͷ켣֪ѯʣֻҪǣ貢ͨ참֮ܣ
Э鰸񺵽ײ̫ģɱЩ¡
֮Ҫȥջ飬ջѰкݣҪڴ˳סֻѰУסҲѰ޻ƥŻ뿪ƽ
һ˵꣬Ȼ⼸Ȱ쾲ҹԷпбȥò鿴ڣȡӾڴ鵽
֪֮꣬٣ֻе˿ĻԼƽ䣬֮
ֻϸˡ
ЩͷۣʦģͬһΪ
ͷˣԺѾʰ˿ͷÿЩƽ˸һɹҹ顣
ʦ㣬Ҫ£һ˵Ȼͷůͷ֪ˡ
ȥŻƣԭƽаҪ飬δ׼סһҪѶԺʰԱʱ֮衣
ҵԺģֻԺǽϴһţԺԺţסδǮݡ
ôһһԺƹٵʱס
æµһ⣬ҲСʱԺʰãͬһƹٵĹٷȥá
ջùͷ÷٣Ϸڣ洫Ų
ǽŲ뻮һӣһǾξ
ǽˡ
۾һöѥֱϸ
ᣬ˽ŲԲܲ顣
̾˿ҦҪһ£ζЦѡ
䣬㴫ѣеȺ򣬱ȥš
ԺţȻһϤݡ
ּݣȻǺܳԾģͿһǡֶû˵꣬ͲԼͷҧϣǿŲûЦ
ŵһֻУҹ棬δ˳츮ƹ٣ʱﻹֹڿλƹ١ݣֱҪ۾ɳ
򡭡򡭡䣬һǣǴˣ˾ʹ룬¹˼ɹһ𡣡
ֱĿ࿴ֻǸʮ߰˵ɣӦ㣬ûһһէд
ֻʶ֪ˣλλСδˣҼ̾͵
۶İӦȷʵʶԼҲֹѵֻ£ͬһˣ
ãӦһԹתߣҴʱжϡ
ǰĽ֦Ҷηǽãѷǽ岻סƫƧСլ泯죿
߶ţһҪżϰһѣ£
Դ˸飬͵̧ͷһ۶δ˿
ү֪ϴˣָҪݺݳЦһ˵Ϲ
񺲢δøڵȺ̫ãֻ飬ְҦϸպãŶҡ
ԼȴҪſڵͨʵںǹ졣
ʱҹɫأڴ˴ŵŷƽصۣδμСݣ˿ƼһŵƹԲԾ
˳룬ǰãƼϤӰЩǣ˳츮֣ȻҲڡ
ƹٵλٳ˱Ҫһü˶񣬽֣֣磬㾹˿죿
֣ͽܣʮͣǸ߸ݵˣģͬྐྵмַ·𣬵Ƣȴ࣬˽񺻹һЦԸ
֣ڲͷĺǴˣҲԭҲسסд˴󰸣û֪شȥ˳츮ֻû뵽Ǵ˾Ҳƽ
֣Ҳǲڴ˴
ôһ˵Ƕܴɡ
˵껰λ˵ԭ˴棬׼֮һ͵ȴϸһƽײװȻܲʶ˰ɶ˾顣
˹֣ϽǿܵλҦ˵ĵɽǸˣؾʱҪͬҦ˺лһλ˵ࡣ
Ϲ٣ʱǻΪ·ǣΪ͢Чҵȱ֣֡
˵˼䣬һ֣Ѿ֪飬ߴʱھҹԷǱ̸߱
֣æҪҪġ
ȥʱ·ϣ֣ͬ˵˱Ҫ㣬һĵƬ֣ɫȻһ䡣
ͽ˿һһߣʱӭǣʷС˵ѿ΢䣬˶һۣװ֪ʣ֣磬ⰸӿɵ㣿
֣˫ϲ۴˿ȫϲ⣬ɫ԰ףü֮侹˼֮
˰˰ҵõֳ̲֪
΢٣ʱĵƬǱ˽ĵƬӣֻ֣δԡ
ҹԷǰһ֣ȴͻȻ۹棬ԷϲĲݴԡ
һȥʲôˣ
ĶݴӰܶһ˵ӰͷܣûǰĲݵرȥ
Ϣ֮䣬͵˻֣һʧڵּߵĲݴС
ü΢ڣǲͷŵϥһ˹ڵأˣ°²𷣡
𵭵㲻Ǳ£ٺһ˵
˵գҲǲͷż˱첽롣
˿Ѿҹʱ֣԰һƬž̺Ļ˿ͬĬĹӰһһڻ԰Уǡ
˵ʮյ߸ȼ𣬳Źڻ԰еĵϡ
֣еĽŲȻͣ
ͷ˫ŵ˫ۺݺݵɴƺʲôǻһ㣬Ǿ塣
񺲻ûͷ֪Ѿ״
ҹµĻ԰Դĵ֮䣬¶һǵĵͼ
ܵĵƻһĵǹӰתҹȻҡҷ
֣
亹ֱصĺǵü˷׷
֣Ѿ˲ôˡ
ɬ촽૵ֻˡ
ʣ˭
֣ȴ𣺡Ҳ֪
ʮˣʮˣ֣ҪӯӣѾȥʮˡ


42 
֣ʮ,ʮʱߵѧͽСѧͽһ·Ϊ,һ·ʮꡣ
˿,ʮǰİӴԼѧͽĵꡣ
ֵ֮꣬ഺѪǻΪԩİﶷ־
񺲢δ֣ľɰ,֣磬ڰֳ,Ȼڸ鰸顣
֣ü֮ļɫԼСͽ,ȡ״,Ȼ̳ȥ
߱˵ǵðѴŵ̳·;Ҳãм㼣Ѿţǵһһ
Сͽһ,ľ,вͣд,档
֣̳ǰ˳Žָǿһ߱ȻһȦֿߵյȽȥ鿴,ܻ㼣,ҾСЩ
֣ģ̳㼣ѾǺãֳ
֣ûж,һ,Ǳϻ̳,Ȼ̳ȥ
ԣŸ״
ͶԼĳ磬ǳСΪŮӣȫ½Թа飬鲼ǾȾɫģɫ֮ɫҪֻ࣬ߺ󱳵ĵƬŷȥġ
֣Խ˵Խ˳˿ϸ鿴߱
ĵ赲֣ϸۿȴľһ۱㿴Ρ
֣߱ȥƤ˿ƽⷭѪƬҲƽʵⷭʶж˰±Ƥ滻ƬϹ̶
񺼴ѾʮװҲô˰ֹײУ֣ú󱳷
֣𣿡
СͽӦһ֣͵ʬĿҡ
ʬĿݸ֣㿪ʼߵ̬ȷɿ컭ñڻ̳λãȻСߵһ࣬Ѿȥݡ
֣֮Զһ£Щˤڵء
ͥĵƹ⣬֣ݡ
ֲֻݣߴԼʮߵ꣬һС룬ͬʮǰɰмַ·𡣡
Ҳ˵֣ʬͿֳȷ߸ʮǰľɰ
ƫͷȥ𣬼ü񣬾쳣࣬Ҳɾô˰֡
֣һ˵״һʬĿдæ̹⾰ڰֳ꣺ѻ˻̳ڵĽӡ̳һӡһڱԵλãǶܿ壬һ߱һңӦְʱµġ
֣ص̳ߣʶ𣺡δˣУξǰߴӻ̧̳ԺҪ죬ݲȷǷʬ
һԣྩȵһձ٣ƹٵȥֳ鰸ֱӸ֪ҪʬĿǰ֪ݣһҪùҳʾȴһʬ塣
ⰸӼȻ˽Ҳ鷳
֣ǻֱӱʶ
Ƭ̶δԥֱӵֱʬɣ֣Ѱݣн͡
֣ŷ
Ŀİӻ̳Ҫ˵ʮǰİӣ˾֣
ˣץˡ
ͷȥͼ֣ˢһڵİСˣͷ棬ѾãͥĵƻԵ÷ɪͷԵһţ֣ȥ
ǰУξǰסȻʣ˭Ϊλڴ˴
ҲҪǰȴһδüڣȴ𵭵ɨһۡ
񺣺
УҴ򲻹㡣
ֻվڶ󣬼ʵɪ˼Ƭ̱ºͿڣֻڴ˴鰸򰸼⣬֪Σ㿴ϣϹٸ׽׷
һ׷֣Ӿǻһ飬͵̧ͷ
һͷͷ֮£ɳͭԵø
϶Ǻ࣬ңֻΪ˻ΪǸԲˣ˷財ʧ˽ͷ
ֻ˫ȴ˾˼糯ϼ
Ǹֵܹˡ
ŽĻȷʵ˷Ӧһ̣ϵķʱֽŵضʣһ仰˵ڡ
ˣλɱˣ²Ǳֻ֣ڲݴ˯ѣͬ޹
龰δ֣ش˴Ľ˾ãԺʡ
ֱ֣Ӱˡ
֣δˣ˰ѻ̳Ĳһ壬ŴʱҰʮǰľɰλ˵һ
һ£Уξ㿪ʼæµ
˱ѡ˻̳ԶǸ˽ͤ˽ͤ־˽棬Ǹɾ࣬ͤϵյƣÿһյȻһ֪Ǵʦֱʡ
˵ƣҪУҲ⻨Уƽе·ơеơҵƵȽǾף޲öؼȥյ
ͤյƹҵЩߣҪЩ£˱ֻܹ˼յ¿ʼ鰸ӡ
˲˵ϣŶ֣֣᲻£ǴˣʮǰľɰһŲ֪֣󡣡
֣һڹȲ裬žûôˡ
ŲתĲ˼ھյļмշתҵʮǰ˿
̾˿Ȼڡ
ʮǰҼǵǸůڵĴգҵ껹ʦߵѧͽǴͽܣЩԵãܾԼѾѧɣԳʦˡ
֣˳츮Ҳ쵱֮ƢãҲͣ벻࣬ͻֻҪûаӣһᵽ
˵˳츮ԵɱʦҪࡣ
˵ȥ£Ҳɸ֣̾ͬҲʱ
֣Цǰ˭˵أҲӣҷǿЦĽ֪Լв㡣
һӼ£һ߶״ҿɲ˰δиƣΨһһҲڱ֮ҧϣƾ޾ݣٸжóҲֻ֮ܲˡ
֣ɬŨŨźӣ겢ûн᰸ܺԩ죬ʱǨʮȥ참Ĺˣеͻң˵ꡣ
֣ԣҲǳء
ü΢ͳ뵱갸ͬһ˷ôʱδʱգǷԽСģ٣
£ͤмžһƬš
˶٣˫ʵֳǰ߬Ų룬Խᶨ
֣֣磬ӼȻͷǰɺϣѵҲ⣿Ȼ䵽УҾ;ֱԼֵһ졣
ͳᶨͬĺĳһ㣬ÿеѪ
ɫ΢˽һۣȴѵøһ䡣
Ȼ
Ӳƣݡ
߿ĿԴ¡


43 
֣ԭﻹѹ,ĻͱѪҲѪ¸ա
ʹһ۵,ɤӵ˵һ°顣
Ѿȥ,ڵ˵ʵЩ𺳣һֱģûǹ,֣ʱɸʦͨݰ참,Ϊʱͨݵˣ޷Э鰸֪ص˵ʱСʦȥͨݲ鰸ʱս᰸,Ҹʦ׼س,峿Ҫţȴͨݵ֪˹ȥ
ͨ˳츮ݣͨݵ֪ҲҪʱ˳츮,˳츮참
֣ʱλ֪Ҽǵշ,Ҳܺ,ƽǿͿȴɫͬ˵ͨݳһĻ԰ǻ԰н񳿱տһߡ
ͬʦһа,Ҳȥ,òһͬǰһ԰
֣һһ˵ʮһԵ֮¼¡
һ԰ԲؾҹԷڳ,ݵþС,羰续,ɽˮ̡ǵʱòѾֳøһ뻨԰ûãһ۱㿴һǾޱһذ׵Ӱ
´ʱٻʢǾޱǽ޺죬ֻذӰ쳣ͻأͨذɫֻб¶һƬϺǾޱƬ
ʱκˣ֣ԣӱ㵱㲢á
δֻ֣֣Ļ
֣ǻѾѧͽİӻͷؼƽǵ춷Źİӣʵֳ̫࣬δ
ǻᣬЩ£ֻʦʬĿĶҶ࿴ʱֳΪƣ˻ͬһģһİڷŷʽ
׷ʵ֮𣿡
֣룬˵УҼǵõʱǸǱ۾ģ˫Ŀ
ְ䲻ҲûУڽĵУԿʮససƫִ϶ʲôʲô˰ԣߵ۾Ҳƫִ
֣겻Ҳоˣʶһ±˵ϣˣδǣ˵صİӣʱһߴԼʮңӦδ飬ͷɢɢɳ裬ֳͣ鷿󣬹ٸͷ˸ʾ
ź죬ʦ㶯ʬи죬Ľǣϲ̫ˣθпտգӦþδʳҲδܷĥʦ²Ӧñ|壻գ󼢶ľ±пѪ
ߵʬ屻ʬʱѾȥʱ϶ʮգʬ߰߰ߵ㣬ǿɲ
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һҪпö࣬Ҫ尾ʱ޷͵ֿ£ڹ¶;ȥ
˵ֵײкǽ
֣λɫ̫ÿҲ̾˿ʱʦҲֻֽ΢ĺۼʬ沢δи˺ۣʵ̫жϣȡ߱Ƭʦڿ߱ݺύ˿ڡ
֣ʱʦΪӦǵһɱˣʬ屳˺۲β룬ݺύƤȡ£пҲƽиָۡ
üͷ˼صôǷΪֲѡ󲱾дѪۣΪ߿ˣѡڱߣΪƤҲҪȡ£滻Ƭ˿ѿ߻۶ϧ
֣˱۾ѱѾ˵ĲһڼҹƮ˷硣
ʱʦ˵ָûаߵֻΪչʾԼôɱˡ
಻ྩң۹⾫׼һ۾Ϳ͸׮ӵıʡ
ֲڱߣͬӦҲûκγԹֻǾѡһҪʢĻ𣿡
֣ͷԣˣӲѲ顣
Ǹʮв˱ѰͲưߺҲ޳޹ϵ͸ͨѰˡ
ְӣͷ۵ġ
֣ʦϸʬҲֻߵƤЩֲڣ˫зµ˺ִָۣƤֲڣȴ޷¶޵ľȣҲޱ˺ĳˣֻƲصũŮ޸ĸĹŮкãȥٸʧ٣ĮʧٶС
ʱոȥô䶯ͷβİնۣͨߵĻȴ죬ôһͨʿ
£ֻܷ˲鰸ֳ
֣ʱ˳츮ƹҲϵͨݣЭ֪ͬһ참˳߱ƬٸѯͨݵׯҲûѰַͬ
˵ƬȻһ٣ʣ֣磬ƬҶʲôɫ
֣նͬǾޱһϺɫʱһ֣ΪƬϵĻҶɫһ£ΪֹΪ֮ΪһƬǾޱԡ
һȴûڣֻ֣˵ꡣ
֣ʱʦΪʮ£˻ܽӲðᶯѰŮӿ϶ðֳκקۼҲקʬߣôֱֻŻ߽߱뻨԰ڳǸ
ʦΪǸˣֽŶôƬ㲻̫壬ͬҲǴز򣬴ͨݷ
ΪѡͨݣΪѡߣΪѡ˳л԰ڵʱһв֪ġ
֣ƣϣֳʹɫǸʵ̫Ѳ壬ΪҸʦĶˣҲֻܸһ꾡ʬĿ֮±㲻ܹܵˡ
ҵר참ҸʦУͨݵ֮󣬰ûκνչʱƹԴ˱ͨݣҸʦؾ참
ֳֻʬ壬ʬĿһҲЭƹٻۻֳͼɵ㣬Լ참ȫ̡
֮ǶԣƹҪĵö࣬ƹٻ߰ʹ鰸ƾ辭ư
ʱ˳츮ͨݶûκ⡣
Ȼֻǵһߣղ֣˵һߡ
֣ٶȱ۾˿Լƽ˼ȻŻ
Ҹʦصྩʮ֮ƹҲͨݻ˵޷ٲʮ߻񰤼ҰѯʣҲûѯʵݣֵҲûвѯֻ֪࣬Ǹԣ˶ѡ
ְӣڵһ֮޽ͻڣΪںķûûҹơ
֣ҸʦȻźҲΣҲ֪ҶѾοһɥܵƹ٣˭û뵽ڰ֮£Ҳڵ£ͨݵǸ԰һĵգһĻ̳
һΣѡһܹϵƷ֣֣ѡ˳л԰һ¼
һ¼ǹ֣Ƕ¿ţһ겻֪ΪΣһֱδţ֪³ʱžš
֣ɬ¼ʱ޹ɥʱ
Ǵз˵ڶߡ


44 
һʱ,յķ綼ˡ
֣еĲյǸϵֳʱ,Ѿڻ̳˽,״ͬһһ޶˻̳ķͬǾޱ̳ͬһ
Ҳ˵, ڶ߱·ϵƬͬһߵչʾͬ
ͻȻʣ,嵽֮ͨǰͨݱصûг죿
֣⣬һ˲ЩӲ,֮,ʱλгԲδ߽г죬۳컹Ǹʦ
˳,֣˵ʬͲ׸,ͬһһ޶,ֳҲδֻǵʬʱʦߵĴҲһ룬λøһһ,ʶʦƲ,ɱ˵֮һ
ͷǡ
֣ǡڶȴδŮʱѾʮҲЩ¾˺,Ҫ,߻С,ҡҲ̻ŮеĲ֢
֣һߵݲò飬ڶߵȴӦһ̻Ůӡ
ʮֳԾˣֵϲñƫˡ
Ҳǰһ״ָϲ߽޹ȥƫִ˵̻ŮȻɱҪ󡣡
ΨһľǴߵһ롣
ȫ㣵ܺߣԽ˷룬һʱͤ˶Ĭÿﶼƴʯͷѹĵס
ǶసӶ࣬豭˿ڲ裬Ȼ֣갸ӿɻ֮ǰ˵˭
֣ð̾˿ʱӵˣʵͨݵ񡣡
˲ЩȻѹղ˵ʱǰ죬ԭؽڴ˴
ߵıȻۣ䵶һαһȣڵһԵЩ벽˿ڣ˵ڶϾɼҪôǽˣҪôо飬һʱֻǽţڶ̬糣ʶΪһйپ˵ʵǺɵģ⡭
֣⣬Ҹʦ֮ԻȥͨݣҪԭǳͨݵİӶѻɽʶҸʦŷǰȥͨݡ
ҳ޸ĸֻһԶ޵Ľ㣬ͬĶģЩƫƧѾڳǽ
֣˵ʱѾϰеĲԴ˲ʲô
ֻǵҪǣʱھӱ˵һֱ㲻˵ȴҲδѰҽҩֻԼڼУÿն֪ʲô
˿ɺܴ󣬵ҲǾͳΨһˡ
üͷʵ󣬳Ϊǲ뿪ͨݵģйٸ߱ϷǲŻȥЭͬ참Ȼһݲò壬ôпˣһαѰҴͨݵģ
ྩ࣬໥֮߶Ϊ鲢ܡ
״ߣһᱻسǱ֣鿴·ǼෲװսԲ顣
ȲȥɫܺߣֻǺ״ͨݶ򵥡
Ļ֣̾һ˭˵أҵڶ̻Ů㣬ͨݵ̻ﶼʶͨݲδྩǰ㷱ûνİʶ̻֮еǼǣһͨݵļ˼֮һܺ߸Ǵض
ôٸỳɳΪʲôȷֻƾִȣܳΪΨһ֤ݣ򡢴Ȳɣ
֣ˣٶ̾˿
ʵȥͨʱʦʶ񣬻ȥпȷʵƫƧﶼڣڳǽԺǽܸߣݺв񷿣ȷʵǿ|˵ȥǳʱȷʵǲˡ
ҽҩֻʪÿնڼòҩȷҩԷʹãֲ߶û
֣һ˵ͬһۣ˲֣࣬궼Ϊ֡
һʪĲˣôʬ彡ɣ
ֻ֣һҲΪɣڶʱȴаڻ԰Ұǽ˵ÿնڻ԰εμǿɡ
ݰյ֤ʣÿ飬ͷ·סڳл԰һ㣬ڣ±˿ԼӰûͷ桭
ôһμɣѹֹٸһ
֣ûκ֮ܵ󣬹ٸֻץųʣʱ屾ͲãҲôһʣ˶л㱣ȴҧûгԼ֡
̿򻹲Ϲٸȷ֤ݣֻ㬽ˣ֮ȥһְؼȥˡ
ӱҲֻܲ鵽ʦƹǰͨæ˽һ£ֻÿֶ飬֮ðͱ棬ȻʦƹһֱûӣֻܳΪ
һҹԷеĻĶȴ޷ƽеĳơ
ƢҲԩܺߵı
ڳ˰һŽȥ˳츮ͨݵȡð¼⡭ҪѵƹһЭ顣
˵֣֣֪λԴȥ˺δ
λԴѾ֪ͣǸӶܴ֮û没ˣҲ֪ںδ
ͷƽл֣ṩ˰ƹλƹٻڣҲԶձ㵽
򶨣·ֻҪһܲ鵽ƹٶѹֱǲһ¹
Ǳӷ·Ѱζ
ʱӦ²£Ȼ󵽣ˣǴˣ֣̳ĵɾλ˿ٲһ
˵꣬˱㶼ЩļҲ׸ֱȥ̳
˿̵Ļ̳Ѿûҡҷǵĵذ׵ߣֻʣص
ӡϣñǡ
ڻ̳֮ϣ˲ĻҶȴ˳Ż̳һ࣬սͷλá
˳ǰȥ̳ܿܵĲӣĵߺ
ſţͻȻüһδˣ㿴
ָŻһߣҲѷǰĵϡ裬Ҷ深ʢ
˳ָȥҲ΢Щ
ˣֻΪ˰߰ڻ̳ѱƬչ¶Ҫȫ˼ά£ֱӰ߷ŵĵϤ֮ǣûҪ£صʬ֮µĻꡣ
˿Ҫ֪ڴ˴ͣԽãֵķվԽʵǵòʧġ
ŲҲվ˽࣬θߴ󣬽ʵͦΣվڽʱͬһʵĳǽסҹ΢ķ硣
Ŀ˳Žһͬǰȥ˵ҹ˸Ż⡣
ôַҪ߰ڵλãΪʲô
Էչ¶ƬǡǸոǸͤ
ΪҪͤأ


45 
,˿Իش
˵ڵǶ޷
հ,Ҳ͵˾ͷ,֣֣ҹ̫,ҹľڻõȡ֣ʬ,ͬƹٻȥǮ֪أʱһְ顣
֣˹֣˷Ҳĳ,ҪϽư,ȴҲ֪ļԲȶ峿ͷв·Ϊϲߡ
ʽ񺣺Ǵ˿ɻкδҪ
Ŀһֱͤϣʱҹ¶,ͤƻ֮,ʲôƲ,Щȥãٲ顣
һԸУξغֳȻͬһ,ȥ
ȥ·,δⳳٽְգһ˲δܣǻǰС
·һׯʱ,ͻȻѽ,м˵
ƫͷ
ʱɫ,¹ڽϣĵʤѩ񾲶š
˫üۣǧǳļ֡
ĿⲻԾ̻ͣջǿԼŲߡ
һֱڰУδע⵽Ŀ⣬֣Ҳ˵ӣ߱ƬƬƺ幤ͨУԷ񣿡
ԡ
˵ɽ߱ƬȴͷһϳǱغ£ôǷΪδѰƬҲǳƽأ
΢΢һ٣˫һ˽񺣬Ժ֮Уϸ֦ĩڵ֮صһ޴ͼ
ͨͼսһŶĿ¡
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˵˴еĳҲɢ٣̾ϣԻһ
ǰǰӣġ
˻صլſڣ΢٣ζؿһİЦɰСƹپסҼҸڡ
񺵭լԺȷʵɡ
һָָԼլţ˴ҷҵլӣҷ˿ǸޥģῪʵĺŮӣǴ˵˿УӭҼУҷ˵˵
ҷһϲġ
񺵭ɨһֻۣ˵ͬδ˾ٰüྴǸͬһŮӣԺÿնҪ
˵֣ǡ
Ժţǣ˽լ
صԺϴ£鷿￴ڣһ
ӿҪæһը棬ùӵӡ
¾ڣӲѡ˼ãʣδȥ
һ˵ЩɫδٳȥƽҪˮ˵ģڶ飬ġ
ſӵ΢΢һ٣۾Էȥȴֻܿ鷿յķţЦһ¡
氡
ǰ˿һأöŷϨЪ¡
δٶԣ˹棬ǽߦģϽŨըҹæµ˺㡣
ΪȻԥƬ̣ջСʣӣλƹ٣ôš
Խ˵ԽС󼸺ͬӽУͬмַ·𡣡
˿ͣһֺ꣬һܰȸڣų
ֻưˡĵ㿴Ǽٷˣﻨ֦չŨױĨܳǷݿࣿ
һҲɵǣ֦Ҷײǰġ
ƹٿǴƷùƼྩС˵ɾʵ̫ˡ
һ˵öԣΪǧС㣬ǽ֦ҶûҪȥ˳츮ƹ٣ΪˡáҲýȥְͬλ
Ҫƹ٣Ϊʲôأ
ֻڶйһ⣬Ȼ˶ܣ񺲻Ը˵ͬȻѾԼɣֺαٶʣ
ľڣԳЦЦԼжܣαӵС๫
Բ֪߶˼£˳ŴԷϴ֮󣬱˯¡
˯ñƽҲó٣ʱѾ
ʱĶ飬ҫһƬӣƿᣣЦǸ
ϴ£֪һҳᱡȹͷϼԲ٣˼ˬ
ƵС㣬糿׼ƽ⽣СҪһ룿
ͷãȻڴ߿
֮ǶԺСͥԺͥԺǾޱʢǽ̺졣
Ǿޱ񺲻ɱ֣˵ľɰ
̾˿˲û;˼ù֮󣬽ͣͣǾȥÿڡ
ѥƣүأ
ƿٵүʱùʳţٳǰͬС˵һȥãС¿ȥͨ
񺲻զࣺģҹǰʱƻæã糿ţнȡ֮ġ
ЦС㲻ҲŬ
һ٣Ŭ֮治㣬ȴͬͬǱĸҪŬµ߹ŬЩᱻڸ
СƹֻǸͬЩ׹ϵĹŮˣ˳츮Ϊı֮£̫ŬżӹٽǲǴġ
񺵭ЦЦһƣ߰ɣҲҪȥˡ
ý񺻻ùһ·ɺ̧ͷƼߵĶ
ƸճǱĶͷһ㱡νӢ
ģǿӢ꽫
ңң֣δˣ
ҲǴˣǴҪȥδ
Ҫȥò鿴ڣһղƣ޷İ
Ǵ࣬Ӱ
¹ٲδ˶ӡ
˸һԶСк
𻰷һת˷ɰδȡ֪ǴǷͬһѰׯϾнǴ³ӣ幤ʵ˽⡣
⵹ҲǸ鷽
δԥϵá
ǶתͷͬҷԸ˵
һǶߵĻĸǰǴˣ̽飬ƽ巻ڳУ໹ЩյλڳУλڽﴦѾȫѯʣÿһλ˵ʶô巨˵Ƭһ£ΪƬСպÿסݣƽ¶С
˼˵ϾŮӺ󱳿խСԼһ߼̫深޷ʹãͷȹ̫Сһֻ¶á
ָӾͷˣǡǰһ巻ȥ˴ѯʡ
ףһ˿巻⣬㿴ӰȡһȾѪ¡
֮£ϳߺѪӿ˼


46 
֣ú,Ѿʬ屳Ƭȡ£Ƭ󱻷ϵ,һʵ,濴δѪģ֮С
һĲƬŸһׯ
⴦ׯӦƽҲõģ˸һȥ,ͷʵ٣Сææµµ,ͣкſˡ
һ֣ǳķһ֣Ƭ,˶Ծ˰벽,Сſڿ
һԼʮڹ̨Ụ̄˸һѾƼ
΢΢һ,ӭ,λ˿£
üĿ,𻰣참ҪЭ
¶ͷ亹Ҫˣƽٽྩ,ȴǴ,ƽչٲټȴżȻ,Ҳ,ԲẦ¡
ʵ̫ɭ,ǼԹĹҲЩӣﻰԺܿ
һ˵Ҫ鰸µһȻŽͰ͵λү롣
Ҫڣɨһۡ

ƫͷһ۽񺣬⣬ǹµλ£ڲһ׮Ҫ˷Ƭǰ֪ǷϳƬ˭֣ʲô;
ǹһϵƬһ£ûƽе¡
һĵƬѾԱȷΪ¡
ǹ¸ҪϸһһսŵһŨĴŸϢѪζ
µһӱ׵˵ף͵̧ͷǿ־壺ϣǲܱȡµģһȡ¿»ǻˡ
˵ţҲƬ
ɶݣǹ£ֻʣʶ幤
²ǽͷ˼Ƭ̣ǵүҲ巻أƬôҲʮϵĹ⾰ˣΪײƽǰѾϸƲ
޳ָһ㣺ʶ
Ҳأǹȴսսǣ巻үԵƬ̡
˵գͷҲѸȥ
񺸩ϸƬչԣƬѾЩͷֻ޺ĵ޷ϸĲϣԵȷʵ΢Щơ
üƬãһ㱻ĺۼޣɾո£ײһʶ𲻳
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վһߵ۹۱ǱǹģװԼ˿ѾȻ⣬ʲô֪
һʱ䣬ﰲ
ԼһյĹŲٶŶĳ˷Ǹ£㻹һ֪͵ĸˡ
ķ٣ϴխȹ쳣
δԣ㸣˸λү巻רĹ£żҲƣɷƬ
򶨣ǿ࣬Ҳ֣롣
ߣĺɰȡһֻԲǰϸⷽƬ
úܽƬϵѪδʲôʾø棬ÿһϸƶҪ
Ƭֱ꣬쳣λү幤
ЩԾʣ֣Ե棿Ҫ֤ֶҪԡ
λɺ侲ˣҿǩֻѺȷʵҲλ
ֱ壬ˣһ¹ʡ
ʵֻѯʣ˵ʲôϣȴû뵽ʵһ巻
ֽ̺ʣſ֣ϸ˵
Ҳܵ£̬ȺƵĽ񺣬֪һȻ׬Ǯһµ£һ׾ĹȻõҪϼֹﶼ̫ԸЩΪ˵һԺͲ̫ýˡ
ͷģȻԸ⣬ʵȱǮŻȥ⡣
ǿճԷԼղܱƼٺҲȻ˴඼ֻƷɥĺ١
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Ʒǹģ
ȴҡҡͷҲδӦ˽߲δø巻ۣ뷨ҺϤ߳壬˻ĲֲηԽԵû
ϸһȻ˵㣬ʣֻƾܼˣ
ȴٶҡҡͷҲҴͷ˵ɡ
̫̫һֱĻˡ
ǴʮǰҲһգǻһᣬ巻еƬƬҲǮʲô˼ңá
Ҳʱҿһһĸ÷գһۿȥ֪ǷƷ
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ҵʱͺϲù¼ס֣»ʱ򣬼ǵúҼһ
֮Ź˼°ɣҲǲˣȻˣһľѾѰһ¡
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΢٣ڳ˽ȫעĻ
Ż䣺ʱңͬ˵Żͷһͷʵһ
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ﳤ̾һΪҶӡ̣ô궼δǡ
ʵҿʱǺʧģⶫƽķףԹϧӣǺزۣػ׼׵£ССһ±һļ۸ܸ󣬵ȷʵǼΪɫģҵʱϧ
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ȴܾˡ
һΣûΪΣ·һ㣬Ѿչ渵
ǸɬĹΪϵ̥ǣһᶼ̧ͷˣģԼűˣΪҪʱȴҡ
ΪβֻΪҺڣ׬ǮԷ֮Ͳں
̾˿ʱұףͬҲԼˣ̫뵱Ȼˡ
λǼ¡
ĿƬϣûָֻϧ̾˿λһ巻Σһζ£֮δ
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ָеһƬҶϸҶ·һ֡
ȷֵ֮ɣÿǩ嶼Ƕһ޶ģ˿Ч¡


47 
Ļ,Ŀ㲻Լͬ䵽Ƭϡ
ƬҸѰôϸ,Ҳλǰ,˿̲ϳ֡
ͷͷһ涢ֿȥֻĻҶ,һƬϱ߽ǵҶҶЩϸ,ȷʵһɡ
ҶҶƬɫǳ죬ֻһһǳһЩûָ,濴
ǩǶ,֮Уͻأһ佱һ,˭뵽
̾˿˭뵽Ҳûˡ
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ѻ˵꣬ʱڣ֣ϵ̥,ģΣϿɻ֮,Ƿ˵Լʿסںδ
ϸ˼һҡҡͷ,漴Щɵصȥ̫,ס,ˣЩƺûʹҲ֪ںδ
ָָԼĴǣһС룬ҵ껹ܿϧûа̥ǣһǸˡ
ʱпһ£ͬһֿۣ֣ƬɿǺʱ
һﲢδȥƬƶƬ϶Ѿʮ꣬ǿײõƽƽǰѾͣĲׯƽȴʮ֮ǰϲã¶õƽţͬƼ޲ΪҪôʮǰҪô󲻳꣬Լǻ⾰
ϰֵµһϧǿһ㶼ûëڡɾ£һɹζȫµġ
ʣ֣ƬѾʮܱ꣬£
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ͷ֪ˡ
֤ʶдãҲʣ֣λ㻹ܼǵʲô
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ջҡҡͷֻôˡ
ͷֳЦݣ֣뵽ʲôͬѲ֪һǻѯʣлϡ
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Ͼʶһ
˼ҵ̾Ϣһ˳˲跻ʣˣ巻Ҫٲ飿
ͷһ巻ĽƣãλȻֱӾƷϴ˴֪˴߼ۣôƷӦòϰ֮ӦҲᱻʶ񡣡
»ǼΪϽġ
һֱںܰٻ˼ѯ巻˼ǵλд֤ǩֻѺذꡣ
˷Ը꣬ŶԽǴˣȥͬǮ֪ؼһ
񺹰֣á
ʱʱ֣ƽԽַ֣нգһ˼Ҳֻ˹ⲽп졣
һֱü˼һʣǴˣΪͬ˰Ƿйأ
ƫͷʵĻ࣬ȴŲЦݣ·һֻǳһ㡣
ģ񺾹ѾߣʶϲδʲôֻΪеġ
üŶǴ˸߼
ǾɰеƬҲܱȻõģʱ밢ٲһδܱ棬ƾҲƲڴ˰һǸĴڡ
ĵıƬƬѾʮ꣬Щ⾰ԼʮӣֻϲױߣΪܲ׵ܾصر⾫£նɱˣóԸ
ģǽͷβеĳƷͬĹϵ϶󣬵ѾƳɶ꣬ڣҲʮǰľǱƲ⣬µ㱻á
ڶؾﴽߵС룬ǰߴ߶һ룬ѾɺϣһֵĹϲá
һͬ׮йأǡüۣںδأ
һʱ޻֮󣬶ŵⰸУҪˮʯ
һɣ̧ȥͼɶЦݡ
Цǰ񺿴Ϊ񣬵ŵʱ˿̣֪ģҲЦ
ů֮£Цݸɾ㲢޻ΣŨױݣҲĶĿ¡
˾ɵЦƬ̣Цһ±ӣ˴˼ƤֱۣͬγѰ㣬Ѹջߡ
һ֮ǰԶƼһЩԱվ֮⣬߸߰һˣȻƽ֪ء
֪Ʒ٣ȽƷƹٻҪԵͰ뼶˵߸ϵĽʹˡ
ԭ˵Ҫһ𣬵˭֪ʲôʱᵽλƽǮ֪صǴǰ˶ţֻҪһӭӡ
Ϣһӽƽǰͣ¡
Ǯ֪ؿҦҪȦȴҲԵúǸֻ̬ϵĺ̫ţһųӲƳ˷Ρ
⿴򣬾ЩһϹˡ
Ȼͽ񺻹ûüͿǮ֪سһĵصӭʹӭƹ٣ϷʧԶӭ
һ׻˵Ƕˡ
ֻվǲǮ֪һǹͽģҪӦԡ
뿴ЦͼҲ첽ӭȥһ§סǮ֪صļ˰СǮ֪ϡ
ǮþòǰƽǲǼһΣ
Цݺ㣬ſڻص磬ȴǮ֪˵ͷǺ
⣬ˣ¹ټʵãҲôϲ
ԹۣЦ棬Цⲻ۵ףǱƽʱҪࡣ
ڣȴ䡣
Ǯ֪أ͹˶ˣ㲻ǵȥ괺ʱƽǽұֻһƥȥ棬ɱ˺
ͻȻɿǮ֪أһӣһ¡
һ£Ǯ֪ȵùڵϡ
ҵʱ룬ƥԺǣǲƽһ벻£ˬʣһǮ֪أҲŻЩС֪µЩǷҵ뿴Ǯ֪ΰ
ŶĻǮ֪Ϻ¡
ɫҰף߶£˲øйƵģһ߳ȥ˶Զ
ˣˡ¹٣¹ҡ
һЦǼƥǲѾྩˣҲ²£˭ңǲϼУ


48 
ͬǮ֪غ,ʵ־䶼ô
˾Ľ񺣬˴Ҳǵ͵Ƶ֡
Ǯ֪ؼɸ
ȻȴҲֻŻŻ,һô֮,һЦݺ㣬ɿǮ֪أֻǮ֪,ȥ£
Ǯ֪غðŻæ,룬롣
ڴǰ,ŵǮ֪,˷ǡƽ»;ƣ˭֪յƽ,˱ɱ,Ϊù,Բż˰ӡ
΢΢һ£䣺е֮Ǯ֪غ
Ҫİ,˭˸
Ǯ֪Ȼ,æҲƽ֮ңպõʱнڳֻƾƽ,Ҫư׼,ҲǴ,֣λƽԡ
Ǯ֪ӲһĵЦݣмλϹڳⰸһܸܿơ
ʱЦΪͬŷǣΪսѣ壬ϴԩǽְ𣬼ȻǮ˳Ͽ뱱˾Эͬ참Ǳ岻ݴǡ
˱ҲǴˣ֣ˡ
˴ǻּһǮ֪أŰѻͷ⣺Ǯˣɱ˾֣˳츮ƹټЭͬ㲻Ǯٲ͡
һ仰ͰǮ֪߳참顣
Ȼ˵ҵȵ飬ʮǰľɰҪȡƽ¼Ǯ֪и㡣
һϽĹԱ˵ضʱŭǮ֪˴Щˣ˫̶۶Ҫð
ȫƾλϹ¹ٶϡ
һۣͬϻ
רžɵ⣬ƽǴأڱ֮˳츮֮٣ˣȴҲһľɵ
֮⣬һ־Ҫ鿴Ҫϲٹ
˽⣬Ѱ¼ǰһһѰҡ
ζ¾ɣһɷùζȴüͷһ£ͬһͬѰʮǰǰ
˵ĿⶼϣԼ֣ͬһǰһһ¼ϡ
˵־ô⧲ؽһ
ֱһŸΪȵĹס΢΢һ㶣һʱ䲻֪ҪηӦ
Ҳסˡ
Ŀ˽һϣ漴㲻ջ֣ǵһǸȻŵƹҲһľȤ
վԭһͱȶ˰ͷ˿΢㣬׵ͷ⣬Ҳղ
˽ڳٳߣȴԶߡ
𿴲͸ı飬Ҳ͸ġ
𣺡ΪȻʮǰôǰһҵʲôû뵽δҲͬһ㣬참ľ顣
һ仰˶һ飬˲仺ͣЦһһתϰľڡ
ǴҦ˶Ƴ̽ǴȲڰɡ
񺴽ܹǳЦ˴ڶ࣬Ҫֲ鿴ҵĸӦúܿҲᵽ
˱ѸٷֿýЭ񺣬ڷűźãȻȥڡ
֮ǰѾãҪ԰еڶ¹һ飬ơйϸ֦ĩ֮İӶҪѰܲ鵽ݸá
ǲ鲻ٰ˿ھһһѯԼλߵԼ㣬ѯݾڡ
ߵһⰸӾѰˡ
ʵҪһ鿴ټ˶ҪУξæѯĺ⣬Լڴߵǰʼķҡ
һȴǰ߽ߵĵһʱֻ֮з
ǢһһḡҲһһ٣ǰĽ˱ᣬҹά
˿̣ȴľܳһҳҳҾеһ㶼͡
һһʱ
죬Ӳӣžڸһʱԣ˺ˮԲ衣
ȡˮͷһڣȴһ˫ŵüۡ
üΪӢ˫ƯһۣЦʱƴգֻ崺磬Ľǻϲ
˿̣ü΢Цⲻֻʣĵһ̶
ȣһ޼ʡ
񺲻Ҵҿһۣ㲻ٶ࿴ھУδĿ⡣
ʱ⴫Ŀ棬ͷ˹ȥ
Уξȥţȴվ˸ò
òˣ֣뼸λȥͣ鷿ʬϡ
񺾫һæҷŽҳУ˳˷š
һɹ۾ͷһɫʱˡ
𵭵һۣЩЦ⣬Ǵ˻δúùƽǰɣʬĿ֪ǷҿǴʳһ٣
˵ãһ˵ʳ֣֪й죬糿һֱæʱЩˡ
üҶȾЦ⣬Ǵ˵θǴ˴Ӧˡ
üɨһۣǾͶδˡ
һ߹հ˹գһ·ƫƧͣ鷿ǰ˿ͣ鷿Žգֻбϵ᷿š
ָ֣СͽдʬĿдʣýŲæ̧ͷкδˣǴ롣
˽᷿֣ʬѾ꣬Ƚ
ݡʬߴԼʮ֮ͣǰͶСδɻ飬Ƥֲ֣ҲǹŮӦѰũ˼ҵŮ
֣˵ţЩʣǿһԼ̫ɥ
Ϊ㣬ǵܼףλŮҲزۣ겻⡣
ֽ֣϶ֺصļӣƽȵصİΪӦһλŮ
۾һҲƽٽ׺ӣ˳űȥĹٵһ·׺Ӷɿڣ׺ӶɿСԽԽ࣬ӰҲԽԽ࣬γ˰׺Ӵ壬ǷΪ߾ǰ׺Ӵء
׺Ӵ干аٻ˼ң㣬ټ֮߰࣬ɹٰռŮŮһȥĲ
֣ͷҲΪˣָлаƬƬӦץʱµģֻǲ֪Ǳ|֮ǰ£|ʱ
üͷ΢|
֣Խͳǣͬһ㣬ǸпտգѾ˲ʱգΪҲ|ˡ˿ݺύ˿ڶǺڼʧѪ˿ڱҲˡ
ͷʣɻ
֣ߵİ޲ǾƯȾģȱɫĲҪ࣬ĲƷƺҲһΪȥ꣬飬޷϶ǷһַʬһƬ«έҶ
֣֮ԿԳΪྩһϸʱ©һһ¼ʬĿϡ
ʬĿһʽݣн飬˶ܳһݣ֣ýͶʬĿŵͼһҳͿ֣ʬ״ĽŲλñע«έҶ
ҪڣȴϵĴ˻𣺡Ҳ֣Ҳ֣
ԩ


49 
һɤӿνǾ춯,˾жξ룬Ҳһ
һδʲô,ü,òʣô£
òδȥѯʣ첽߽һߴӰ
񺶨һŷ׽չ˺뿪֣塣
֣ͬ,Ȼһһ۵ˣѾϴ,ùʳڼϣһ׼Ҫʻʱ,Ϳʼĺ˵˵,²ֻ̣հѱȡ͸һ˻𡣡
һ,漴֣֣,ǷҲҽܷ񿴳һαװ裿
жһǷ,ҲĲ£֣ҵҽ̫ȴҲҩߵ˼,װľųɶܿ
,Ǵˣ֣ȥһλˡ
䵭֪ǰأ
һ˺ܿ,Բ˳츮,һֻʮη,ΪʧޣԵúǲƣĵ϶ǰ߲̦ۼСһЩֻˤӡ
Ҳо̷ƹƽǴأаҲǰҵֶ࣬ӳиҵػ
ɱʬĴ󰸣ƽ겻ԤһĦȭƣ͵Žץһɷһ
ʶǽʱ򲻹еڣͷҲڣһĴ½ǣǰʹˣ̾߶ѱãȡá
𲢲ֻ첽ηߣ岽Ǿη֮ǰ
ηްӰֻ͵˽·һ԰ݵӰ̼ϡ
ͬķ˲ֽͬŶסҲ̺ۼĽüĿ䵭ֻü
Ϊʣ˺Լ
ڶ̤УۻζδкαʾֻͻȻע⵽ߵ֣Ų΢٣ʲô֡
תͷ֣֣磿
֣ҡҡͷҵһȡ
һ֣Ͱӣ˱ӷ
ͷ̧ʲôģ
ǰһסӷ°ͣͷݺһ̧
ӷͷصһ˺̼ϣƵ֮ģ֣ĳ
⡭
֣ɴ˫ۣĲš
أע⵽񺣬ҡͷ֪񺲻ʶˡ
𿪿ڣ֣ʶôˣ
֣ûüڣ̼ϵӷƱһ㣬ẦˣẦˡ
Ǹӡ
Ŀȴûбӷһֱ֣ľת䵽ɥǰûڡ
ͻȻ飬ԥص֣磬ѵ˾ǳ񣿡
˻һ΢ЩԾ䵽֣ϣֻҪ˵һٻܱץš
֣Ҳû뵽˺ðΣںݺĨһɬصǣǵͨݵҲǱΨһӷ񡣡
֣ĻͶĿһӷϡ
֣֤ʣʮǰʱԼǶʮͣôʱգѾʮ
ȻĿʱʵ޷ʮϵһ𣬴˿̵ĳѾͷĿϣ۶֮ɫ
ͬ;ĩ·ķһ㣬Ǵӣ
ֻ˻ʱЩ
ǾδԼ֣һҵľ˺ǣջƬ̵ǡ
˫ǵۣؿ֣
ֻһ˲ݺݵɴ˫ۣ˻Ƶص֣
֣ȴδоñطϲã˿̵κ;ɥİûڡ
Ҫʳ
ң֣϶˵ңң㡭Ϊڴ˴Ϊڡ
ƺ̫ˣ˿ֻãȻ
֣Ҫ˵䣬ȴǱʶסһ仰˵
ͻȻΪˡ
ڽľɰʱ֣˵໹Ϊɱ֣ʱѾز޷ǣɱʬ˵̫ѣٸͷųʱ֣֤
˭뵽ʱ꣬ɰµֳ֣˵ˡ
Σⶼɺϡ
֣ûԼжϣѾͲǵСѧͽѾ참ʮ⾰Ǿϵˡ
񺲻֪ǵʲô飬δõľڣ֪ɰΣֻƾ֣ԣԼжϣҲΪ֡
ھҹԷʵ̫ɺϣɺϵÿ˶̲ס
ֻжֻһӵĽǼ̫ڰ׵ߵ˹ֵİӣδ𾪣ڶݵľ֮󣬶һ֣
֣˭ڶǱ˻֤ˣǻҪѯΪϡ
ҲԽִܵԸͬ˵䣬һѯʱҪ裬ȴʶ㡣
֣һһٵǱҪÿһӷ
֣һˣһֱȥİȴǸոշİӾǰܰ¾һƵĻҲֱߡ
֣ʹ߬߬ȭŬԼ侲̧ۿ˫˿赲ļᶨ
ң֣
֣еĻ罥ȥ˫Ƶ۾ֱ֣
֣˻ƣ㣿
ע⵽ֻп֣ʱӵƬѡ
֣صͷûͬѣֻ¸磬Ϊλڴ˴ΪȥҹԷ
ʻľ˺þãõΪشʱɵɤҡ׷ģǣ׷ʲôʲôأ
һͬһۣ˶ӶԷпȻɫ
֣̾˿귢ʱֱȥְ֮ʦ˵ҪѰ²£ȴӰ㶼ȥ˵ʲô
һΣǺ䡣
ֳĬˡ
˿ѾףΪ׷Ѱһ·׷飬ʱԽãԽãԽ񲣬񲵽ԼԼζ񲵽ֻп˲˵仰
Ȼ˼ãſĿİͰ͵Ҳֻ֪֪Ҫҵҵ֣Ҳſϴԩ
ûɱˣǸôɱˣ
͵ƣߣɬ
֣΢תģӦȷʵ޷յװôڴ˴һΪڻżȻʲô˾ҹԷװƾ豾ȥ˾ҹԷ
ˣҲҪҵףϴԩ
΢֣ߵ˵˼䣬֣ʣ¸磬㵱Ϊλƽɻǵã˵ʲô
ãõ˶ϣʱͻȻڣҡҵżȻ˵ھʦڶߡ
Ͱ˵Ǹ|Ů


50 
ڵڶߵ,ʱͨ¶ûвôһѾְǰҵ
һβý,֣Ȼʣʱѯȫͨݵ|¥,һʶε֪ݣ
ղѾЩϸ֦ĩ˷δ,Ŀİ˵ұų֮˺ܾõĲ
˵⻰ʱľګ,ƺԼܵһвԹޡ
ұ̣ϱͷʪأͺ˼,ܳˡ
ҳ֮ûҪѰԼ,ҾǸӣҾ֪˭ɱǣҾȥ̻Ѱ˸ʰõĲ,ŵڶߵÿһ·ο͡
۾һ,λİ참ʽ,š
ڶ̻Ůӣ|¥ʶôҪѰһ̻Ůӵݣѯʾ|¥οͷ·
˶,˫ľګҲЩ,˵ԽԽ˳̻һǰֱ꣬һһοͣŵ֪˵ڶߵϢ
ǸοǴྩ,ǰྩĺ¥ȷʵиƯķŮ,ǵöԷʲô,ֻǵһ룬ʱ¥ĻྩŮӱԵЩ޹⣬Ǽˡ
ѣҲڸƹ٣ȴײ֪ྩ|¥мҲ֪һֻ
ͲǰŵˣֻԼ˵Լģ˵¥˵ǼڶߵģԼ߻񣬵࣬˰Ų鵽ʱοͻ˵û̫ҲǵŮӵòͼǵСƯ
Ҿȥ˺¥һ޹ٲûܽȥ¥ֻ˵ԼǸҽѸ|ŮǿβĸԸͬ˵仰
ǻĸĸ˵Ų̫죬ϸ˵ݣĸ˵֪˭
ĸ˵ļ|ŮӯǴ|¥תģֻں¥һ㱻ȥ㲻֪
ͳ˻ƣǰĸҼܶ࣬ұŻ˵ӯɱϣҾϱٸùٸ¥
ĸŸң˵ӯҲ˵ȥƽգӡ
ԣʮǰҾƽ
ʮǰƽôˮµޣҲ˵ƽδ鵽
ԣŻ񲣬ѷǳˡ
̾Ϣ治֣Ӽһ
֣һˣĻںް֮ڶѾ侲һֱŬ֮ƽ۵׶⡣
֣Ŭѹºеʣʣƽɲ鵽ʲôΪҪȥҹԷ
ȴĬˡ
еĹһϨֻʣһ̶ˮ
ܾöûпڡ
֣Ҫһʱģ˵һ䣺ûСʲôû鵽ʲôûС
ҡ̫ͣǵˣΪʲôȥԷǰΪʲôȥԷ
˿Щ񲣬⻰ƺ֪ԼĴʲô
˵ѾˣոƬǻعⷵգٲܼ
֣̾˿Ťͷͽ񺣬ʣδˣǴˣ⡭Ǻã
ۿ񣬿֮󣬶ȳȥ
ףڳҲʲˡ
ӴгԸ̼Ϸ£Ѻηһ̲ͣҪԲС
ȥſ񺣺ǴΪΣ
붼δΪװ裬ӦǶĵ裬֣׺ִǣ¶ǵˡ
ͷδشԼΪλȥԷɺϻǹ⣬ˣֻܹѺڴС
⻰Ƕ֣˵ģ֣Ҳʾ⣬̾˿Ҳ֪ǲҲֱ治ˡ
νңƶ֣֤ݲ㣬Ҳûɱ˶ɱʱ꣬ڷֳ֣ܽҡ
һɺϣΡαһǡ
һʱ˶δԣ˼Ƭ̣٣ǻҪһӯķ|ŮӣֻƣҲһΪͬƽҲй
ؿ˿Ȼȥྩ¥ӯ
ˣӾ
һºһӯҪʱ飬ƺֻвѯں͵ȴý
֣Ǽ˳ǵ䣬Ҫȥʬȥֻʣ½Ͷԭء
վ֮⣬ɭİͷȴǲӲ˿ֻð뺮ů˷װƺ˿
Щ㱣ü΢ʣô
ͷ죬͸Ҷϡϡķ϶üƬ̹
͸һ˵䡣
񲢷֣ܵһУȹʮأ
һȫ֣Ҳûô¡
ôʣֻΪ񲢷֡
δ˵Լ룬ĿֻŲͷİ
ͳȴޱߵů⡣
ƣ참ΪĲؼԩһЩ
ƺЩڰ˿˿ջߣ䵽ϡ
ûȥרע졣
Ŀֻȣ˲ôǴأ
ʣǴΪҪƹ٣
⣬ʶδʹȴڴʱ׸˽񺡣
ë΢ͣʢϵĺһƬҡҷҡڣ趯
ҲһջؿĿ⣬תͷ˫ĵĵۻӶ
ƯβŸοĵů۵ǴӲҡļᶨ
һһٵȻͬδһΪˡ
ĿⲻתŽ񺣬ȴһȣ棿
Ψһüü֮ЩЦ⣬ҲʣδΪλдʣǲңǲΡԼأ
ôᣬǴأЦ
Ǵͬҷ·ҷŮӣ˶ڳޣΪǴҲǡ
Цݲ䣬Ǵ˹Ȼϣع
һ˫أδˣˡ
һӣʱԵüߣæһϣǴ˿ǶˣǴʳɣ
ĵЦݣüʱǸ䵭ϻ۵ƹ١
ðǾͶлδˡ
һ·ſڣʱǳǮ֪ȴûгͣȴſӭһ
Ƿȥ˵ĳꡣ
ǰһӽһ
ͣ£첽ǰϲ
ˣּ񣬡㿴¹˭
һƣһͷ߲ΡΡ˳
һվԱţϷԭ˳츮ƹ٣ڼңЭ참
û뵽ʱӭǣʷС˵ѿ˳ʣԴˣ
ϴ˳̾һҡ


51 
ƹԆ,ڵ갸ʱѹ֪ͣǻ֮,Ѿͷ
忴Ӳ,ֻ;ƣ޲ݡ
æǰȥһͬݼλǰ
ƹһӶƹ,÷ͽй,Сн˳츮ٰݴƷƹ٣Ҫʱǡڳ,֮ƹһֱм,Ž湦Ϊ˳츮ةνǹˡ
ʱʱ,ϴԶ,,ϴȥζЪЪƣ롣
ǣֱζӣʵѾ˷ʱ,ζիڶ÷ʳͶȥ,塣
Ҫż䣬£ϵ˼,ȡ˲衣
õǴӼİѩ÷,Ϊ,һ󿪣һ֮
ԆЦò谡
һЦȸһ裬Ȼŵ֪ϴʲôζ˰ζիƣǼҵĿѼ齴㣬ϴǳԲߣٵġ
Ԇڰ֣ʹˣԲЩܳԱС
˵ţĿⲻԾ䵽ϣʣҲǣ
΢΢һ㶣ϴˣ¹ǣٰ˳츮ƹ١
ԆһʱҲؽϵһƹ٣ҼǵҲǣǺҲԡ
΢Щ
˷ֻн񺡢ϴˣ˽Ҳ˼ʲôֱӵϴ˼ãƹǼʦ
һֱŹЦݣ⻰ƤһƵֱߣֻ˵
ԆĻҲǳԾƬ֮Դݵü۱Щο
ðľ͵רҵ٣참ײ˭˽̸û˽ҲԲͬ
˵ţƺҪ̸һʱǡõС˲ˣҲδ˵Щϵֻƽըܲÿԡ
òˣС˳ȥǾԆһ裬ֺ䣬ŵϴˣǽΪǵͨݵİӣ֪˿ɻʲô
Ԇδǽκ»߱ɱ浱ٹٽһͬʣ棬οηȵǿ˲٣ѹء
ԆҲֻ˵һ䣬İӣͨݸľӦöСҲѾȫҹһһ뿴µİֳ˵һ˵⼸Ĵ⡣
ٴֶͬƢǰѾ棬ԼѾˣδƵİӾеĽᣬһղƣһղ⡣
Դ˱ͣȴɶԵİ䣬
İӣƽʱİӲ̫ͬ߸֮ΪûгԹģǱʬп֤ݵ֤ﶼޣ˵ѶǼģ긺˰Ĳңͨݵƹ٣С֣Ǽ궼ྩĶҲδư
Ȼץ˳񣬵ΪǲΪ˱и鵽˶ޣǾʵ̫ѿˡ
ͽ񺶼ûڣҲûдϴ˵Ļ䡣
Ԇ֮µûʲô£ǱԼδƵİӶһӾҵһõģΪ̣Ϊǲ̫ƫġ
ߣڶߵݺҶ֪һߵݣҺϸ䣬ͻȻ뵽һϸڡ
ʱ¼ֳѧͽʬĿдǸ̳ﶼǾޱǾޱĺʢĿţһͺ̺죬ǺÿԆ˵Ų̾˿߽ڳл԰Уˣ˻԰һҸպȥͨݲ鰸Ϊ˫ʬҾȥ˳л԰
ķϵĻ԰Ȼûлȴֵһֵ߳Ǿޱ˼֦СҶ̾ա
Ϊһ٣ԆÿһӶģʶˣŷЩ
һ仰ýͶ壬ԆĿԽ羴
Ԇڰ֣֮ΨһֵʱҲھһʣδưкιף֮󷴸ĥͻȻ뵽Ϊ˴Ļ԰УǾޱ̳ῪһֻǷζţСҶ̾ҲǴ˰֤֮һΪ
ԆͳΪǻ̳УǱߴȥġ
ֱ
ϵƹϸ緢ʱѯҲİ顣
滹кԶ·Ҫߡ
Ҳˣ˽Աϴ𾪵˵ԆȴڼֻƲ˰˼ҹĲ²ˣΪ֤ݣǸҵ²Ϊ˳Ʋߵ|ߵᡣ
ϣУض̾յӣôʲô˼ϻ̾أ
ϴ˵Ҫô߾ŮҪô־ֻԷ񣿡
񺲻Ծɴ۾ЩˣϴˣƲ⣬
ԆҪҪ󣺡ҲҵƲˣû֤ݣʱǨѾʮȥȴѰ֣
Ȼԣϴˣе˶𱾰պþ֣һ۾ϳֳͬһģһʶǲѸѰ׮ӲΪһ졣
ѰڵǿԵóֽۣҵ췽򡣡
Ҳ˵ˣûȱֻ֣ҪɱˣһɱԽ࣬Խֱֻ࣬Ȼ©
һصǻԆסЦһ̾ηǺܲ
ѵİӼ򵥽˱÷
ϯ佪Ԇ°ӵļ˵ӯȻֶԵݽһ²⡣
ðӶ꣬Ԇ˼ʵʮǰ׺ͨƽͨݣͨݶεˮխ洬Ҳù洬Ըȥͨݴ棬඼ڰ׺ӵ϶Σ֮ͨݣͨݶεİ׺ӲȫֶܹľСǿͨеģеҲĳС۹ȥ㡣
ԆѵİĸƽйأߵʬǷͨ׺˽ͨݣ
ƲһһֱʲôòԆŵˣƾЩ޷ưǻҪȥľڣܲ鵽˵Ȼõġ
֪˭Ϳ˳ϣ鵽˭
¥ԆڵȺʱ̲סԆϴˣʦǸôˣ
Ԇһ棬ȻԼʦǹģδȥ˺δֻʦǸš
δҼǵҪһ꣬ʦѾϾΣྩһıƥİһ޹ʴܲʧѡ˱
Ǹϵȴֳһߣɫ԰ף촽죬˥߶
ʱʦжϣһֶ˶᲻ôȥԣͨٴжŲ
촽̺ʱġ
Լɤʲô
Ԇ˵ѾΪ˽ҩǶк컨ֻʦġ


52 
ôʱ,Ѿҳһš
ŵʣϴˣⶾʦ֣
Ԇͷ,϶Щοǰ,ʦǸ˲ţϸģܶ쳣,ⶾУƥȾ֮,ʬһĲ𣬶ĳ˷ѣ͵͵һƥС,Ⱦ
ܰӹж,ƾ˵츳ղĶҲ֤ǶԵģԴֺ֮컨Ϊ綾,ʦҲһ
ֻЩͷĿѣ,ֻ㶻شԆĻ,Ƭ񶼷ֲ
ƫѵһЩ㱵ظŶá
ƹʱ侲ϻ۵,ȴҲǳĬ,ȥ·ϾһֱһԲǵöüΣг֮ɫ,˼Ƭ,ûд
ص,˽ŵҲѸϸһԆһ鿴ľڣֻԳ˿ڲ裬ָŶһš
һҪȥǱ׺Ӷɿ塣
ȥʱ·ϣ񺻹ˮʱˣʣô
ʶأʲô
ƫͷɫʣԴǷ˵ʲô硣
ջĿ⣬˳ë
δȵĴ𰸣Ҳջߣ̧ͷδ֪ǰ·
治˵½
΢΢һ㶣ϵĳ֮ɫû뵽ͦϸĵġ
ԥƬ̣ǵҲ޲˵ֻ¹ʦҲ֪ԼжǷȷ
еǹңҳһţͬһ㶼ϤҲȫȻȴ˵
ĵΪ𰸡
ʣδ֮ǰǷҵݣ
йâϹ崺Цǳĵô᣿Ҳ˭顣
Լй
Ų⻰ֻӦ֪ʦɣͬѧϰ֮
⵹֪ģ˳츮Ҳ˶֪ҲΪʦǰƹٲ˳¡
һףһ漰ʦɡ
֪һЩ㲻֪ˡ
׵ʦңְڼ永¶֮ǰʦȴһ׮ӳУŹָ֣ྩ֮߼˽Ҫʬŷµ֤ݡ
Ҳ˵У֣߼ʶ¶ɵְȻԭְ
ǰ𲢷Ƕ˾죬ֻţ岢
ֻ񺽲
ʱһаյɷͻȻʦŵ飬߲ˣӵʱ˵ԼڼУźӻң֤֤ζʦʹ߼֮ƹȱж᰸
ʱĿڹʵﻹǼ˵Ƿ޹ϵ岻˲£ɷҲӹذмӣ㹤Һڣĺޣ£ȷʵɱɷ򡣡
Ӹһӱ𿴹ľڣԼЩӡƺߵĵֶܷ֮ܵɩӴźӲ֪٣߼вԲӰѰ˹ϵ˽
ʱѾˣ¿ʬŷк컨Ӧ˾ݳƱò˲δжߵӶѾ֪٣ӱֻʦְС
ͷ̾˿ˡ
˼Ϊʦд
촽֮߬ǰҲΪʦǵУнֱʣΪʦ˳츮òٹͣű°ݺ
Žʹ棬˵ݺҲǴ󵨡
ȴδֻ۾ͷԶİơ
Ʋͬ޻ƮεϣӲӵĳ͸Ʋ㣬ҫڴϡ
֮һƬ
ʦԽûвֺãǴˣ˵ʵʦ֡
һǹٻӵܣǱ¸ǰĺˣһƷƹ٣Ƿ˶鷳
𵭵ʵ顣
Ĭãٶȿڣ֪ʦְأͬʦз߷߲ƽֻ˰οԼ
δˣǰЩʱ򻹰οʦǶܸʦɽȴͷһ
ƫͷԴ˵ʲô
ֱץסҪ˾ᣬԆͬ˵ʲô
񺲻Ծҧһ´Өۺ촽ҧһϸϸӡӡ
ɷԴͬ˵ʦǷֲ컨ˣô
ôλ治ʶΪ˰˴Լǰ̡
˼Ǵˣʦͬ˵˰ϸڣ
ҡҡͷ̾˿δҸʦ˵ֻڷ֮ͬҽҪ˴㣬˷ҪظݣúΪ٣ǲǨؾ
һɫʣʦȥ˸ݣ·;ǼΪңԶҲΪຮ
ˣʦòյǣΪʡ
˵ţأ
һʱĬã֮ǰŵûȥҵȡڿһʦİӵΪΡ
ʵƽֻһˣ̲ס߳ȴδ뵽𾹰Ѵ·ŵϣԸ鿴
⧲һʱ䲻֪Ҫλش𣬺ðŷʣҪʲô
˵ŵʱ򣬽ͷƫһ࣬װ;ǲϻͷһ۶
˻ش𣬶Ѿµ
ǰΪٹţʵȴأŵˣײжķ
ƺҲ¿аĺ£޳İвϤġѡѾ˼
Բ󷺺Ķ׹ǹһĨȣһǵɵ˵ʵ֮ǰΪ˸ҷ˳ӣʱ˲ҵտҲʵܡ
ǴҪǹⲻȥҼƥǻȴϸЦ⣬ߴͬҷ˵һ˵ҲЩӣҺþӪ⡣
񺱾ǱŤҲЩΣ֪ҪԶȴĻ
֪ΪΣеһ˲ɢһůʶ촽ա
δӦȴʣȰ˴˵ķˣֲʶ
ͬһСڹܵϣȵոڷůÿ˵ķ
ǡ˶Ц
ʱڣˣȵ﷢š
ȴƬ;չ̣ٶҧһ´ѷ|۵Ĵ|ҧһƬ
ѵЩ֣Цʲô
Ц⣬ЦˣǴֻʹٸɻȴǮ
Ǵ˻˵ʶҷˣǴ룬һܰ쵽Ц˵Ǵ˰أ


53 
ˡ˵˵ЦЦ,Լ̱˰׺Ӵ⡣
׺Ӵ˵Ǵ壬ʵ洬ﻧľۼ,һȥݺ洬,ЩһƬһͷ
׺ӵ˿أྩ,ྩճõϺڴˡ
ˣ׺ԴΪ,İ˷չѾ߰ڡ
ƽصڴ˴Ѳ̣Ҳ峤,ԱϽա
Ͷ𶼴Źٷ,һ׺ӴǰѲӰвȥ峤
峤Ҿڴ,Զ,ٱôһ,ܵڣͬλϹټ
峤㶼ǣֻѡݴ׺Ӵ£֪¶ҪΪ
˰׺ӴĴ峤ҲǸԼʮ꺺,ô,ʶü֣ƽҲǴΪһ派ӡ
ϸϸһڴֲڵƤ,뵽յһߡ
Ů,ƤҲѰҪڲ,֮ԴֲڣֽŶмӣǲԶ
Ϊ߳ɿܾǰ׺ӴŮ
峤ʵʵվǰ˶ԼЩţͷϺˮδʣڵݺܿ˸ͨ졣
Щˡ
˼ۣʼĻź£˹ȡۺõĻ񣬴򿪸峤ʶˣ
⻭֣ݺһףһŻߵݹճ߰˷ģ˫ִԲ۾ʹǵС룬رա
峤۾˺ð죬Žʾ֭ˣҲʶǴôˣҲ˭ġ
׺Ӵ߰ٵ˿ڣŮٶУ͵ĹҲаˣֲͻȲƯǳ֮峤Ȼǵá
ʣ峤վ޴ϱʧ٣˴ѾʧЩʱˡ
峤ҡҡͷˣûе£ʧҲҪٸǴʧ٣ǿ϶ҪѰͷԼ
㿴ڱϵĲ죬ˣ֮ڶϱʧ١
⵹Ѱˡ
һߣͷѹϱʧ٣ôпܲǰ׺ӴˣǹŮ޼ˣͬҲϤʶϱǵڶֿܣҪҰѯʡ
׺Ӵаٻ˼ңǵҪҼһʣ͵ӽ
⵹Ҳʲô£˾ҪķЩ򣬽磬׺ӴڲߣǴ඼ͳ˿߶
ͷҪʾ͵ǴŻͷʵġ
ںϼյĲ£Ǵ峤ˣˡ
һعͷͿ峤Ÿʮĸ˿첽
ϴŴֲ£ͷϰŰͷ¶ܸɾһǸˡ
߽ŷ⸾˾ú㣬ֻƤ΢ڣҲǱ紵Ĳɣ
ӦҲ
峤С˵ǰǴӻǸأ˹ܵĸܰæտϵѾͷ
峤ģл峤æˣתӻ
ӻϹſЦʣŸҲû˵Ǻ£λүкҪʣ
񺿴پ£Ǵ峤ȡ
ӿͼǷϵͼϵĹ
ӻ⻰΢΢ѹѹǣȴһֱάŵģδξʧ롣
ӹӻϸһ˫˺۵ֱͻȻʼ
ϵЦݾʧ˿ֻʣľ塣
ˣΪλѰѰѾͷ
ģ֪ʶߣͬһۣ˽ԴӶԷпϲ
δ뵽ߵôܲ塣
񺿴ӻΪһ˼⣬ӣȥ˷黹ϸ˵
ӻһ֣۵ױ㷺ˮӣֱ۵һĨλˣ롣
Ҳںܽͬյݲ޲ֻͬеһЩԺӡ
ӻ䣬Ѿǿά棬˰ʣ˱Ժ
ͬԣʱİ׺Ӵ尲ͬҹҼһ˯߶
Բܸӻаϸڣ˼Ƭֵ̣ͬＸ䣬ŶӻӣҹҹԷô󶯾ۣ
ӻɫӲ촽ʣֻ˵ҹԷˣ˭㲻֪ѵ
ŻֲҲƲס˳ɣݻ䡣
̣ȡӸӻȴδӹ
࣬ĪҪŪ˵ӡʵ
˿ɷңǲС䣿
̾˿ͷ߾ǻϵŮӣ˵С䣿
ӻһ⻰˺һʵǣͽС䣬ǰĹŮʱҪɻ赹ںӱߵ«έǻ˻ڣ·̲˻
ӻСǸùн಻ף찡ôô
˵ţ¡
òУӻĿȾ۵Ҳ⣬ӻ֡
ֲֺܴڣǱ߻˺ۣþ֤
֪ԼӦѯʣߵĿ̲ס
۾죬һݿӻв̾˿
Ϊʯĳȴδ뵽ȴһŴ֮ġ
δӻĿֻᳶһ½ӣԼӵݸ
۾ͷֻ͵ǰӡ
ǼɾģһȻĳˮһ߬סӣ۵ײ˲
СƢɹ˹ǣοܸԩĿ
Ļ˵˽񺣬Ҳ˵ӻ
ӻ΢̧ͷݺݲ˲Щ۶ȥɤӵλ˵Ķԡ
ӻ񺣬ͬʵС׺Ӵʱʮ꣬ĸ˶ֶйֻʣһһ·ˣ׺ӴѰס
˰ȻҼ˼գҸ˰Ѱףֶֻ֪ǵգѰ˰»δѰ˰׺Ӵ塣
СͣҼŸɻѧ֯㣬ҼҰȥڴѰ˸ҪС񴬶ӡ
߲ǰ׺Ӵ屾ˣ峤ʶҲ֮С
Ͷδڣֻӻ˵
ӻСǸõĹ¸ңô궼ԼıӲ˰æ˹ȥ࣬ͬŮȹǶʱС
ӻ˵̲ס᣺ˣҲһ˳סͬ˵ʮ¾ϼ˵˵ϴǡǰǰܸˣͬ˵ʶ˸ѣԺҲµˡ
ھټǣһ䣬ʣӻȷǰǰ
ӻͷܵãոǶ磬صؽڣǴ
ʣǷ˵Ǹ˭
ӻҡҡͷյסƲסйûʣֻ֪ӦǸҽСЩĪҪƭȥҵĴ
ʣгơ
ҵĴӦöҪֻԼô
˵ţӻ
δ꣬ȴٶ𣺡ӻɱ˳캦еĴֵͬ㲢ɡ
ץס֣Ҫһһͳͬ㱣֤


54 
Ͷ,ᶨӻıЩ,,ջֹסᡣ
лλˣӻʣСû,ȥһˡ
һ˼,ӻС˳츮ͣ鷿ڣ,ȥõ,˳ҲˣȷǷС䡣
ӻ⻰ͮͮ۾Ȼһ,æȥ
Ī,Сƽնϲȥδ,˵Ǹʶѣûн֮ˣ
ӻ̾˿С䲻˵ֻܿԼ,һС,ҲԼѧ˳棬䲻Щ׳ȴҲ,ܾù,˴Ӳ,ÿճ˴Ǳ֯һ¶ȥһˡ
˵ѣҲͬǼ׽һЩŮҲʮ꣬żȥѰ棬Ե˵ûС
ʣӣŮȥ˺δ֪ɷһʣ
˵ǲɣҼѾѾڣָնȥѰС䣬᲻֪Ӱӻ׹˶ڶȥС̼УȥҪ޵ŮЩʱƽڴ
ͬһۣ彪΢һͷӻȥСﴬòһȥãɺã
ӻĨĨᣬãСﴬߣͬﴬţﴬһӦţԿס
ȡԿףͬһ嶫ȥʱģг˰׺ӷӿĳǼҼһɹŵ
񺿴һ޼ʵﴬû뵽׺Ӵô󡣡
׺丶գҲƽ˰׺Ӵ壬ֶ򲻶ϣвӿྩƽۼ˰׺ذʮȥнյ֡
ʮϢнյķ١
һﴬһϯͿһ٣ܳԱůἢȡ
ڴУݾﴬ˴С·ľ嶤ɣ֨죬ڼžԵúǴ̶
񺲢ǧ䲻ȴҲýС·ϾҲߵ쳣ƽȡ
һۣĵǴ˵Ǹȣ·;ߵ˳
ʮֿֵײδˣδ˼Цˡ
˿䣬࣬Ȼֻͣһƾɵﴬﴬ油ľɫǳһȻǱ˶ּ޲ȥ˺ۡ
ﴬһСҪԴһȦֻڴһľ׺ӴﴬסˣﴬݴǼŴġ
Ϊһǹ¶ȻԸС߶͹סڴ嶫ϣܳķﴬ廧
˿첽ﴬǰҪ˳Ŵ߶ѷŵʯͷͱס
ǲδԼﴬװ壬ȻŻعͷ񺣬۰
СЩ
촽Ƿĸ첲ﴬ
СﴬȻѾϾɣúǸɾװɹ¨¨ѷڽ䣬Եúࡣ
ԿűߣῪ
ͭȡ£Ȳصľ֨ѽһʱֵ⣬һ۾С
ݺССֻܷһŰ崲һһССӡ
һжǳ¾ɵġ
Ǿɵģȴϸһһƴնֻľ俴һЩȴҲֻܿЩ
еͰѽ룬Եȣҽȥ鿴һ
һֶһ䣺СЩ
ﴬѰŮҪԸһЩﴬվֱܾöﶼͷѹ֮С
ԼߣҪ˼磬˿ﴬǿס
Ƿ˷ֿ̣һ۷ӡ
ֻ£һյıޱ
ݿνǼͽıڣһֵǮޣ˵ʲôֻ֮ϵһյֽơ
¶Ǿֻֽոµģֽƣÿһ϶һ򻨣ϸ塣
յƣ⿴һȦҲδڵѰӡǣתʶ𣺡δˣֻһյ⣬ȡã֤
ƣɡ
˴СﴬŵҹӻܾС̫֮ˣСȣͨҲ޹ϵҲնλӻȴ޵ѣ˵Լ֮𣬵ЩѰζ
ķ˶ţëˡ˻֤ˣһۿͬӻ㣬˵̫Ҳһ볣˲ͬ
Ų΢٣ȴ΢΢ü̫ͬĻͬߣߣΪѰѵӻСıӦѹ
ҲסŲ˱ڰж
ķίͷ΢βЦʱ֣Цʱȴôȼᶨ
ʱŶеķ֮ɫ쳣ԡ
ȴδ˶෴Цݲ׹˫һҲЦӯӯƶԽķġ
ѰӦѹӻЩĹȣѰ˶ԣֻЩˡ
ǴЦſ񺣬ֻΪӦѯӻǷδ˵ˣɺã
δͬΪнΪ֮нʷʽҲΪǽ񺣬Żһ䡣
Ѿòˡ
һμ˼֣ļᶨǷ·𶼿ڹϣƤЦ֮£żµǺ͵Ȼ
֪ڽ϶вʱգֻ벻ᣬѡԽʾÿһˣӻΪСʹޣֵøˣ޵ѣҲΪ󰸵ɡ
˵Ķ˵ʹ֣˶ɡ
˵дôȴ֪Ҫη
ĵȴЩ֪ȥǶԣǴҲ֪ԼԺ󣬻᲻Ҳˡ
Ĭ֪ҪλشҲ֪ҪҪشͻȻʶڿԲưһΪԩȴֻİˡ
ǻΪͬ·ˡ
ĳĬϵЦ΢΢һ۽񺣬ͬڴ϶תǰߡ
һЩȵգҲȥеķꡣ
񺳤˿Ҳδڴ¾ᣬ첽׷ȥ
ʱ˵ЦʱȴĮԶԣصʱסǷҪȥӻȴԶԶӻʹ
ĿڰĴԵ쳣̶ıʹαʣʹ
ֻ˵ҵĴҵĴ
񺶨һֻӻͿѲ֮⣬һСѲ޴վߣȰҲǺҲǣͷ󺹡
˻δüǰСѲͿķŵɫˣҲǹ飬ֻ̫ҡ̲ס˵ˡ
ȶʣѲԼˣֻ˵ڻ̳ӻͿ
ұһ仰û˵


55 
ڰδ֮ǰ,òǰ참Ľ˾Աͬ˵,Ǵ˿֤,Żᱻȥʡ
ղѯӻҲδ˵С״ֻ˻ӻϡ
ӻȻСͻ,ʶѯϤСѲҪ֪స顣
һ,ȴԼʵԽʹ಻
ûȡܶδСѲ첽ǰӻĺ,οӻ,ǻϸϸ˵֮ǷҪҪ
ӻ޵ü˻,ֻܸܵİ
һСѲ,ֻȥѰͷ,Ժмɺ
ֻӻᶼ̾˿˵һ飺ӻ,ǻ,ԭԭ˵һ飬ɺã
ǶСĿֳ
ӻ˿,˫ͨ͵˫,˽񺡣
߬Ž,ͻȻһֹעһĿǵãһΣһԭԭ˵
س·ϣһǰһ˲δ̸صãӻҲȶֱӿһѶңӻ
ԭΪһػɶ󣬵ȴδԣֻڸλ£λ
񺵹Ҳδ룬λӻɥڶϣƺͲڴ˴ѯʡ
ò˲ˮӻԼˮһŵӻȻѲѾͬ˵СڻУ±㲻׸ʣΪλԴģ
ӻ̧ͷĿڽϣŨûľ
һӽһ۶ȥֻΨһŮƹٽ񺡣
ڳĬ֮ӻɤӿڣʮǰ|
һеľľӵϣߵĶҲЩȣ˶û뵽ӻƺͬⰸҲйϵ
ӻҲں룬ƮʹлʮǰĹȥ
һҲŶʮ꣬ճһ꣬ΪҺڣŴĴ󴬳ȥ㣬һȥʮ£һճȥżеĲʣò࣬ȥһ
Ѿȥʮ꣬ԵҲǼ£ʮҹϸ䣬Լκϸ֦ĩڡ
ӻƣͬžѪߡ
ȥ򵥲ЩʲһƫƧǰͿһ˻ŻźŻޡ
ӻҧгݣɥ˿Ÿ߸ݵģҲе޿޵üǿ˱ңܲܰ庢ӡ
Ϣеÿһ
ӻ۾һգգ˵ҵʱʵոУӱϲĹȥӣеĺƲ꣬ССһţ޵СͰ͡
û뵽ҸհѺӱڻ˱סҵ졣
ӻʮ˼ҹ룬ǵ֮£˷ڿ֮ڿڣԴֹ֮ġ
ʮˣ񻹼ǵκЦƺǸ׵ֵĴ˺ңҲЦҡ
ӻ˵ţҪѪ
΢̾ӣԿڲ裬˵
ӻҡҡͷôһϵı֮һҲ
˵һƾɵұһŴϣֽŶܶϳԼ·ӰҸһϾ˿˿ڡ
һŮˣӻ˵ŮӵʱһӱŮرңǲˣôôѽץ
ʱҺܾţûлشĻΪһģҪҹȥˡ
ӻԽ᣺ɵ潥СЩ⣬ҲŷһڴϣС
мľդ˴ݣҶһǸŮˡ
겻ʮձץʱǼΪ£һ|ҹȥֿһˣʼʲôط
񺿴дЦüۣ֪ŮӸһ໥֣ŮԶҲǵˡ
ӻŮӸ죬ץˣû˽͹ֻÿʱ˽⿪ȥϵĸޣÿֻܵһˮǿ
ʱȫӻϣ˴Ѿ϶ӻʮǰ˫ʬйء
ӻǸˣرֹۣѹȰң˵һֱһᣬ㲻ӳһҲҪͬھù
ȴѾǺˣģܴùˣ
ӻ̾˿ȴƫͲϷ䣬ǵ֪Ҹոճɻ飬ʱԽ֡
ӻ˵ʱԭѾ侲࣬˵˴ˮֻк¡
ңǸ|Ůɫ˥ʱ޶ˣǻνһᣬҸļңమɷҲмĺӣһȥ
ӻ˵ţͬȪӿôֹס
Ҳֹס
ӻ˵Ϊڣûôˣʱ֮ҾͿˡԿ׿߽Уҡ
Ȼͽ⿪죬ȸȥޣãŹҡ
ӻʹر۾һҾֿʼ£ҵʱ̫ųˣΪʲôΪʲôѣΪʲôһ٣Ҳʹζ
ܹ˺ˣ֮ܽ󷴸·ʱϸڣǻֹסԹԼԹԼΪʲôᱻ˺Ϊʲôûз߸ɴˡ
ӻǿڣҲᣬ֮ǰ峤˵еĹ¹٣ˣͬλҵֲϵ
οӣⲻĴңҿҲֻŵöڹ޶ҷ
һ㡣
⻰ɹοӻҲѶĿϣȴδֻӻ
ӣ˵
ӻͷӲһϵᣬŵֹ֮һգڼͬ˵˺ö໰
˵ʱԭҲиֻʱǹžͲ̫ˣһ仰˵û;ͱߣ֪ȥ򡣡
˵ӳȥһҪκ˵£ƺûܵʲô˺ԿηŮѣΪ˺ӣҲһʲô˵
ʱδ뵽ڸԺΪбܣ޷ʳθʹѣһֱŻ£̫ˣȻҲЩͷʵ㡣
ץһ㣬׼ǰ⿪Ȼʼ
ͬ˵ҿ岻ãƼݵģüۣС˵ײͷͽһɣֱ
νͻȻ֮٣ǹغ÷ţҲڴ˿̣׼õӴôӸѰľ˵ϡ
ˣԵ÷ǳŭͳһѵֱӴĺ󱳡
Ѫһ
ʱѾɵˣȥ㣬ȴȣϽܣҾôɵ˳ûͷûǰ塣
Ҳ֪Լôصļңȥ֮ҾͲˣһֱ˯ղǿӻϵٶȻ䣬֮ЩСһֱ˵Ѿȥʮˡ
ɵʱһжˡ


56 
ӻ˵Ľ,־ǵ׮ɱ˰Ľ
ӻ㵱ʱǧҰʵ,Ҵźӱ,һȥ㲡ˣЩС޷߶ұֻͬ˵,ҵҵ㣬ȳ
ſ,ֻ˵ллܻŻҲû뵽ģӻ,ұȥٸ,ȳ㣬Ҷ
ȥˣֻûձ,ͬ˵ûü,ͿٸĹŸʾ,ҪѰİŮӣ˵ʱףҵѾ
ұصһһֱججӳԼôصļҶ֪,֮ҲֻǵǸźӵ,ʲôģ̫ǵãȥҲʲô˵
˵,ӻʹʧ,ǿκͰûڡ
ʱ˵,±˵˴ǣ˰ﳰǵĺӱ˵Ұ֣һӶĥ֮Уӻ޵ʣǶ̫˽ˣ̫˽ˣΪԼûбԶĵס
ʮûһղľսʲôɱ˵Ķ£ŬÿҪˣһʮ궼ȥˣǸɱħҲû֣Ϊٳˣ˭֪
ɱС䡣
ӻҧ˻ţۣ۾ͬĶĿֻʣµĺޡ
ΪʲôȥΪʲôĲСôãôãΪʲôҪôʹȥ
һϣʹʹһ
Ŀô˶ԹޣʯĳĽǶЩݡ
޵Ҫ鴤ȥǰ΢΢ֱӰϵᡣ
ӣܰЩ˵ʵ˾壬οһŮˣһĸ׶ԣҪ˵ЩܾҪеԼĺӿܶӰ㻹˵ˡ
ûκ£ԭԭѵĹ¸ǣǶֵ
Һܸл㣬ЩҲл㡣
㻹С䣬Ƕ㣬ΪɱǵĲ㣬һܺߣҪ޵ĶǸ֡
ӻϵᣬӻͷôؿ񺡣
üĿ֮ǼᶨǸŮӣϵǹɸ㣬ȴ޷ӡ
ϵļᶨȾӻӻ侲ûиղôˡ
Ŀƶһһٵӻģľɰ飬ֻ¼ڰںͽУ˰òȽԲ֪Ϊãǲ˵κֻΪСʬġ
ҿԱ֤ѾѾЩܺһܵ˺
Ļӻн˸ǵ⣬˵ͷʵлˡ
ʱſڣͬԱ֤ˣɷˡ
ӻˡ
ȴǿסˮȥС䡣
ͷȥʬӻ뿪üͷ
ˣӻУ֮󾪻ʧ룬Ѿǲ˵סںδ֤ļϸڣΪ|ѺߵĵطӦþڰ׺ذӦƽ֮ڡ
˽ϸһϸڶδд©׵ˣ|֮ͨݣزܻجج߻ؼУֻ˵|˵ڰ׺Ӵ帽ᳬʮ
۳ЩϸڣѾܣ˭Ҳ벻İӻҴߣҴʶߡ
ֻ©һ⡣
ֻǲ֪Ƿסڴ˴ϾҴܻԭء
ȴҲȻӻԣֺţɱСŮӸͲ֣ڲűץʱӻش֣ʮ궼δз֪ΪΣҲ´ָйء
Խ˵Խרע͵֣ͻȻӯʵ̫Īͬһˣͬһˣôȷʵƽƽʧ٣ǿ¼Ѱ˵ջ񡣡
һ˵꣬Ȼӻ֤ʣǿ֪˺ᣬ߸ݣôԼʮ֮£ΪڲƭܺߣеӤնרΪڲƭܺص͵ӤΪ鷳ǿƲ⺢Ӵžġ
˼ôҲ˵ӦҲӣ
΢΢һ٣Щϸ֦ĩڵȫһ𣬽۾һ᲻ӣ
һüȴҲ˼°Ȼˣһж˵ͨˣҲòһЩ
ǼٶǷޣʱѾһӣǸӻü٣ӻȴδĻҲ˵Ҫô|֮ҪôַʱѾػʣȲ֣ҲƬȥ巻ǮԴ֮δֹˡ
ִֻƬ£Ϊױĵ׺ֶƬµĳԣ߿Եĳԡ
˵ţȴüͷͻȻﲢأ
ӣ˵
أľľﲢӣһܺأô
ôܵģһǷ˵ĥⱻְ||ºӣãڲƭܸܺߡ
ֶ̣֮֮пᣬ䡣
ֻҪǸˣбŰĶУܣǽ٣޲ͽһ
ɫѿ֪ƽ豭ﵹһů裬ƵֱߣԿڲ衣
һڰѲУܰƬڴ֮䣬еĽǽ滺
Ѷİƺһ˿ޣ֣߬ʧȼյĵ
䣬侲ǣͬƽյıȻͬ
ܲ鵽ôѾȵҪǿʱٶȷһԭ˳Щɢտץסߣץסɱħ
ŬԼ侲˱۾ԺʼĿǰΪֹе
һ߻䣬һߵȲǷΪǣֻƾӻǱ֪췴ʱֵȣǷˣ|У
ܡ
ôеѾ۳ֵĴʮǰһӤḸףʮʹԼڲ֮꣬ǸӻţӦѾˣǸһôѰһЩ
ӻ˵ƽֱ|ƽôʮǰߵʬͨݣ˵ǹʬͨʬһʼķڵ껹ӦһСۡ
ʬС֮£Ϳ˳ͨݣ֮ͨҪʬӰ׺ӰڣҲ֪ΰ쵽ġ
˼ѵͨҲӪ


57 
һ,͵۾˱,Ҫô,ƽͨݶҪôƽӪ˻ﲻᱻ˻ɡֻʮǰ,ʬĵص㻻ƽ
Ϊʬ,ͨݵİ׺ӶѾдͻȻ˴ͨݣ˻,Ҿʮǰİ,ͨݵĴС԰ѷҪʬҲ޴ȥ
ɱֻ֮ʬƽ
ƽʱҪ,οͱͱ,һ,ѰռԱ㲻ôãİҲɡ
˵ѡʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫һЩ
۾˵,ʱʮ,ֻΪϣӱСǰҪö,ûеǰ,Ҳûеǰƹٸ
ڵһǵྩҰ𶯺,ͬһ԰ʬڶΣֵĹϺ͵ȷʵ𾪡
ʱգСĽȴĸıҲһ
һͷ
˸ոջ˱Ťһ̸£ͰѸղЩ춼˸ɾ
δˣȥһ˾ҹԷһֳ
ãȥ
һ·ѶңѸղӻԴ˿һӦ֪ҪѰֲѯڣꡢͰľѰҼߺй⿪ʼֵ¼ʧ¼ز졢ӯˡ
ǣ˷ģѾӾʦ֣Ӧõ
鰸ûв鲻ģⰸӼȻñ˾ϣǾͱȻܷβʦڼ֣ҲҪһ׷ס
߰ŽʱҴȥһ⣬ֵͬＸ䣬ñƣһڣܿġ
ͷʹĶǻ⡣
صѶǰӻӻȻָտ޹һ۾Ѿ׳ɺңɫҰƣʮͣޱȴѾ˷˪
ӻ˽񺣬죬ȴ޷˵һ䡣
첽ߣ˵ˣǴˣӻָ߾С䡣
仹һϣҲ֪С׶༪٣СҲ죬ưҲ֮
óӻңһһˣͬһҹԷϡ
·ظĬңңƫգǵʱçײͬδ˵ǸҪ֡
˵Լ¡
ˣֻܿĽ٣һ棬ȴֻ׽֮˲֪Ǹ֪ܸģ󷽵ĺù
˵˻ִˣҪǸ
ǺͻȻ˵ôһ䣬һʱůӿԭҲԻһһͬ񺿪Ц
Ǵ˴ֱ٣ίǴ˿Ҫֲ٣
һɤӿνί
죬ȴǱЦüβһĨϲõĻȣ˳һߦ棿
ܵͣҲᣬͬһƷ磬˿˿ƮС
üŤͷЦҿζǺܵģʲô涼ԡ
ȰˣǶδҪԱ¥ļ棬Ҳ𡣡
乤˾ָֻǰģһЦһקݡ
쫷磬һ˲ɳ顣
һӳһţҲǰɱȥ
һǰһӰ۶ȥһʧ֣һӽҪǰȥͱס
㼱ʲôһۣͷԸߣǿɲ
֣˲Уһ̱ҹԷǰ
𣬾ҹԷͱòͽΧס˷ߣͣڻ԰Ѳߣ˿ᡣ
Ͷſ̤ѾɺԵأһȥ
ʣҪӺδ飿
ʵһֱףΪζƬô飬߱Ƭİֳ޴ӲѯƾֳǾͿȷƬ²Ҫָ˿ģɱ˵ĸɡ
ͬһ첽԰У˺ܿĵ̳ǰ
֮ǰҲ˵ȹȥɱ˺ʬΪԽ߱Ƭչʾȴһ㶼û̳ԾҹԷţƬڷŵλҲԴţΪչʾԼĽصذһĵȥ
Ҿãɱ˲ĿģڳôһʬزĿġ
Ѿɱ˲޺⣬ȫʶ֮Ҳϵѡʬ˵ưѶʵ̫ų
ڣֵͽȴǸᣬԼ벻ʮٴγ֣أ
ھҹԷ⣬԰Ҳȫ֣ҪôţҪôѲ߲죬Ҫٰڳôһķֳܡ
ƽͷΪһʱһٳ֡
ΪΪλôһƬ䣬Ϊľ֣ҪλθֻҪٸҷץ鰸
ˣб¹ʷپŰգʦڣŰķգȴϸѲֵʱ䣬Ҳƽеİոȫ
룬һղ־һղɱˣַˡ
ͷ𣬴пһļᣬӲκ˵
ΪΪ塣
񺲻Ծ㿴ȥǶǴˣȻأ
͵ػعЩȣ漴һȥϸһͤ
һͤȥҹ·ƣȴҲɻ谵յһ̽
ͷһ̤ͤ
عҪҪĻ̳ʧȥĵӣתͷͷյ
۾֮ǰ֣˵ǰǱ۾ģСȴ۾ַѾĻѡôһʬأΪǵչʾ߱Ƭô򵥣СŵĶҲܹؼ
ҹæһգǶδлҹԷ˷Ϧδ£֮ɫϽ˾ҹԷ
ͷϸͷĵ
ͤеĵһյ˸ÿǶӦһյ˿ȹڷϡ
̫ͤߣϿԿĴģ
յƣһ֣ɽʯͼĹõԵùӾ¡
δˣ˰յȡɡ
˳ͤýǰȡµ
һֽ⻨԰ͤõĵƻֻΪ˾°ơ
ۣѵؼڵ
䣬ʱѾȡƣǰϸ鿴δֶյơ
յǳأȴһɽˮͼֻҪȼͼͻỺת·ڽһ¡
һͷһյЩԡ
յǼֽһֽܿŵ·һյȴõļֽ
ȥֻһͼëȻ͹⡣
ʶʵš
ֻúëǡƤ


58 
ֻͤ,οͷյкβͬ
ֽһ޶,ƹǡᶼһ,ֻΪͼֽ˼Ӱǲͬġ
һǳõļֽһֱ⻬Ƥ
ֱ֮ӱ뵽Ƥһɫ,ϸպһƤ
һƤҲһס,˰벽
ĪҪҲ֪Ƿж
񺻹Ǿ,̲סĿ,Ҷû䡣
üŵ,غа
˻˵,˶,ȡˮ
ȴҡҡͷ
δע⵽סյϡ
δˣƾ֮,Ҳ˵,ƶֻΪ߶ԷǳҪ
һʼʵЩǵģΪηҪѾȡ߱ƤҪƬ¸,ֱӷƱ,ΪҪһ٣
ʱΪ,Ҫ޷죬ҪͬߵƤ滻ſɴҪչʾĿġ
ڿҴˡ
齥ü֮޾ɫּͺƶɿ֣Ŀ䵽յϡ
ƽָĵƾߣơơֽƤơ·ƵȲһ㣬ҲˣƽÿʱڵƽС
չʾƽƽǵĸ߳գҲصο͡չʾеƷԴƽơ
˼ǽԷͤµյƣҲǾףվտյͳƣÿﶼϷ
յƾͨѧͽصоʦ
ǰһۡ
߽վͤеͷϵյƣ񺿴üΪϸŵˣҿյƵļһµģյƤƣÿһӰĻҲյһ£ǷΪյһ
꣬ΪǴ˶жȷġ
񺳤ŵôǷΪ־յƵĵƽ˼ΪϤƽôܿƤ
ǹ⿿ֱܷǼӰ⣬ƽҪֻ滭״һ֪
ֵĿȷΪһ£ͷβͬ£ӻ֤ʣΪͬôӦþƽĵƽ
˼ͷǵƽ˵ˣʮǰͨݿ϶˶ƣ־ǽ͵ƵĻᣬʬ˽ͨݣͨݳ
ӹͷˣ꣬ȥͨݣʮǰ˰ƾ
һһͨһӶõźò£ŵǺģƺƬ¶ִֵ֮ѵɰϲдǲֳ֪Ƿĵ
ϾԶ֣ͳŶǵֳû洦ɼĵֻܻȥһʾϵԴˣ˼Ƿ񻹼ǵЩ
˼Ȼһ͵̧
ӳ˵ϣһӢһʱ˿̣жһ޶רע
Ƕ԰顢ߵء
˸΢⣬өһ㣬΢ȴ
δˣǷΪֵĿʵƤ
ɫһ˼һʼĿľҪǿƤ£ȡƤλþͷ˺󱳣¸ںһԡ
ÿһ߶ǱȡºƤΪֻ£˵־ʺױߡ
˵ֱضǸֻˣɱˣȡƤҲҪˡƯˡĿ
ǹؼ
ֺܽƻƯֳ˵߶ϣҲΪһʱƬ̲鲻ԹٸķѴȥѰһӻ԰֮洦ɼĵע⡣
ĵģҲǶҪƤȴɸҪλãȴһտԵ
ͷΪۣͬȻʣΪҪǵΪҪڷڴ˴
һһθ߾룬ϸյƤƵƤӰϸÿһɻص滭ݴ
ҲסˣſȥǼȻǴ˾
ΪҪһͼ
ݴȻǸʣһ󲼾ɽʱô˵ʣСɾµõƣ඼ɽˮ棬ֲѹ
ע⵽ҲͬйأʱڵĹ¡
ǲ⡣
һʱҲ벻ڻ԰ѰǷƵ㡣
˴ֶͤվߣһңңϦ
Ϧ̺Ļ԰ǵϼÿһƬҶϣӳĵ԰ͷףԻ¡
ҪҪʣ̾ӣϣн
ֶƫͷȴֻܿеļᶨɫ
ԣ֡
ڼˣȴƫҪ˱µҹߵƹ٣ӧԿÿһμԴϻ۹ˣ˽游үӸ۹Ϭͷβûǰ·
ˣΪ⡣
ҲԩҪϴҲ˰ҪΪҵŮΪҪ£ͬ񣬹ϥӣ۰ֶͬǰ㣬Ҫʲôһ仰£
عͷҲؿʡ
Ȳ̬ȣƾʵͻȻͻ飬ѾǹŹ֣Ҵͻ֮ҲֻͬɲȰ˼䣬͸ɡ
ɹ黳ɣѳɣжһͬ참ܽǽС㻹Сƹ٣ͬ˷ޣһԿ໥ְ참ĺôΪǻʵҪĽ
ܿеǽĲܣʶдһ¡
Ҳûʲôá
Լܣý񺿪ڣıģ໥֮䶼δ㹻ʱΪ̸ĵĺʱ
Ҫٵһȡ
˿̣Ҳ˼Ĳ¡
ԲܰѲ֪޲Ըֻ֪˵Ҫƽ죬ƽ֮󣬶ȴδȥΪ׮ӣһֱǲѯɵ
ֻƽһգҲǸƢˣΣƽǱּ⣬Ϊ˾죬ܴİӶǴ󰸣ҲζΥֻԼİӣѱ·С
񺴹ϵƣɫɬ
δڵ֮λй֮ñ˲ǹˣбµΣβĳҲһֱ¡
ˣܷűּ֮Ȱ˰
ǰǲ٣Ӳм·ϣҪӦòƽľڣжҪѰҵ
˼ͷ
˿ͬһ
һݾڣȴ׮ӡ
ɺ


59 
ʱ,ůģů,Ҳůġ
Ȳ,˿˲Ϧ
þ,ЩЯǰУ໥ֵζ
ѰԷ,鱨֣֣֮Ҫǰ
һס֣塣
֣翴ɵӣѹĲǹΪ֮
֣岻⣺°,Ҫ,Ϊΰٰӣ
˱ۣ֪Ҫν͡
˵ǱĿɨ˹,֣ǰ,˴Էͤ,¥С··ƹʮĸͤȴĵյʮ߸,鿴еյ,лӦΪƽĵר
ƽĵнлУֱȡҹ绨֮,Ϊ˵,ƽ軨,רΪѡչչƷõƶ衣
ƽĴСֻҪܿõƣΪ
ʶ˴ҹԷĵҲӦˡ
ֻյǲͬģ޻ӡҲǩӺζһŲ֪
ƽĵƽںԼĵƽÿĻƲϣڵҲɰԼĵչλǷ⣬ǶԼеǩÿһյϡ
ǼǵҫҲǵı֤
֣ĻˣյƱģյƴã뻨糤ȥ죬ȡƽеƽ¼ֻҪƶҪϱ
ԸЩֵˣɼǵСյƣ
һӱյֽơ
յҲǩ侫տգǲƣյƺյǷͬһ֣糤ӦÿԱϣͬһ֣ôûӤΪն֮һǿų۵ƵĵѰܺߡ
Сǹ¶޹ʣʧ٣Ҳϱпںôżȥһĵʶһѣѵ֪ӦԽͬ׽»߱ǸһյƣѰ
͵̧ͷ֮ǰǽԲֵ֪նĺŮǿдˡ
ֽԼʮƽʿƽϥһŮŮԼʮƽӦû˵̻г۵յ̯ӣҲ
̧ͷĿ⾼֣壺ȥʻ糤ܸ
֣ʶͷƬ֮һֿ
𵭵ȥɡ
ҹԷѾ޿ɲ飬ڵߣ˴޿ɲ֮Ͷһá
صʱѹʳǮ֪ؽճӭǣδֹʱȴڴߵӭ˳
δˣǴˣǮ֪Ц¹ѾþƲˣλ͹⡣
һ۽񺣬ͷлǮ֪أƾͲأֻҪзʳɡ
Ǯ֪صúúãʲôɡ
ǴѾһأԲٸµѱƲŪЩɽ亣ζͽϷ塣
Ƿ£ֿ½Ǯ֪ص˴˵ʱϱͬĲ˵һݡ
ζիռǲͣ񺶼壬ǵȻѼܣϲɳò١
һ˵ùͬԆ˽ղ鵽ϴ˼ˣû޳
˾ǵϸԆȸ̾ˣһдչڿưˡ
ϴһ˵һĨᣬԵü
æο䣬ŵϴˣֳе
Ԇ˼ֳеʱ˭ûرע԰еĵҵʱͨҲлƻᣬ԰еĵƯһЩǲδ⡣
ԭؽھڴ˴
۾һͬһۣͬƻ᣿
ԆȻҲ˻ƻĹؼˣˣǻƻᣬԭ˰
ǰȫֵģѾҪԾȻֽϣʱԆ˵һֱڷڣδʲôİ飬Ѿֿʼ˵ĳЩ
ϴ˵˵죬ӯͬһˣôӦӯıӯǻһӯʱ뿪˾еĺ¥ƽزپҵҪڸ¥սҲѾѯʹƽһֻ¥ʶӯ죬˿ززپҵ
ݳĿڹӦǳ״Ű֮ƽƽص־¼ӦõǼǵľ֮
Ǹտʼڣδ鵽죬ȴ鵽һŵŮӣԪµһϣչС־ֻһʴλﶼûдȫҲ֪滹Ǽ١
˿ŵŮӾʱš
Ԇ̾˿̫࣬мʮһ˲飬ҲһԳɸӣֻһ㷭ҡ
ȴԴ˱ˣΪ˰ͣҵǸмѾܺá
Ҳοϴ˲ؽ黳ѾѾСˣƽһһ˶ԵƽݣҲܰѰһԸơ
ԆϲŶЩЦ⣬̾ۼˣϷο
˵Ű飬֣첽˸ССˣɪؿˡ
֣ǰһһȻŵˣ˱ƽ糤ҲĻƴʦɡ
ɿʮͣҲ󣬲ȴûŵ˵ԵǺ
仨ΣȻŵ·ϣ֣ӦѾͬ˵ɣЭ鰸
æͷǣˣС֪
ӻȡһ¼֣壬ǻʮĵƽ¼Ŀ
֣¼ϣԆͽ֮䣬ӹ¼̯ϣֱӷ
¼ͬ˿¼ͬסδֻóպͳɾ͡
֮⣬ҪÿõĻƻΣһá
˼ҳ˿񺣬ҡͷ㿴ɡ
ڣɣ˰漰ϸش
һ⻰ȶЩˣˣСһʵ档
ƽжٻ
ɴ𣺡аʮ
ʣп˭ʮ£ϥһŮԼʮңҡ
һ¼óơƺƣΪ
ʵһʱȻЩã¼֮ɱ˳㡣
һ˼ˣƽеƽҶʶǰ˵ʮϥŮ˷ټóȴ࣬ƽһֻжʮ
зϴҪģԼֻʮˣֻ֪ͣϥǷŮ֪顣
ɵǳϿңܰѷΧСʮˣѾ֮ϲ
Ҳһ¼Ȼһַ£קһ¶䡣
ɫ΢ƫͷȥڶϵɤ
ˣɷѵøɿ


60 
ǴӶǵõ,ɶԵƽûôģڵȴͬ
ƻ,ӦöϤ,˴֤ﻹҪø
һ˼⣬ȥһյ
ƤƲøɿ,൹ǿС
յһ۾Ϳյơ
С,ҿϸĺۼȻ⼸ƽе,Ƶĵƽ,õҲС֮ǰ˵ʮˣ˵ʵṤյġ
һ˵һ߷ǰƺƽһ,Щ˼,˵ƵĵƽδԼĿ,ͬеļ޼ӰֽҲˣûеı־ա
棺Ǿôҿ˭أ
ɵĻͶˡ
ɱͨ,յ,ܰԼصϲȫȴɰյþף˿ɼ,ȷʵӦǸ
ȴ޷յжϳ˭ǵƽ
˼ʱӭǣʷС˵ѿʣ,صԼصأǷҲζպܶ,ĵƺܶأ
㶣ȥյơ
ƾ͸ͨˣֻһ򵥵ƣͨľֽһȦֻ֣ԵþһЩ⡣
ҡҡͷˣһ˵ΣǺڲصģϰߺַڶѾͣ˵ҪѰʮ£ôӦѾƳʮ꣬ʮʱȥĿνڵ졣
صȱһǱƽһҪţǲܣôƽӦþģ
ֻȴص㡣
˵˰죬ȴδ˵ѡ˭ʣɣѡ
ɱһƣʱ˸飬ˣյĵƽʵ̫࣬ƺͣǱ԰֮ǰС˵ʮڼȥˣ˶ͬС˺ϤǵķСһ۾ܿ˵ƾ
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ͷˣָֻɣ
̾˿ǣһ˵Ҿˣһ糤ֻǸͨĵƽͨҪƽڣͨݲδд磬Ѱƽͬƽ˲ٻ͹ȥҵеһƽ
ǻƽڸտһգ˻ˣͨݹүûֻһǰһֱֿգǵսľģԼҲȥ
ΪһξԵ¼¡
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ƽĻƴʦǱٸֻؼȥᱻѯʣ֮׽ˣƽصĵƽǶ֪ϢԻͬѯʡ
ֱӰɿãȻʣʱֻҪ˵öʧеĻƱɡ
ð󵽴ʱʣ׽ˡ
ɰдϽһȥ
˵ظģҲ˵ɵġ
ɣЦƽǮɭˣʶ˭
ɶ˶٣Цƽֻ֣ƣʮգʲôҲ֪顣ǮҲ̫Ϥ⼸궼ûʲôƷҲ֪ˡɭ
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˶٣ɣĹѾдãǩӡӡ֮ɣðӸƱܹҡ
ԼɣԺ˿æ˷ǣС˵ң£¡
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ͷֱӷԸ֣壺ǰ˼Уãѯ˸
참ǿ׼ץ󣬺¡
ʵѾܿ᰸⣬ŵ䵽һ룬ʱʱ̿š
ɫÿЩϴˣæµһգʵЩ࣬ˣԺͬǴǣϴȥЪϢ
Ԇһգȷʵƣ۲Ҳ֣ãǱ࣬˽һҪȥ֪ҡ
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һӶμҳһգͳǼģʱ˶ԽݺǾȣֻǵʱڰ޷ѯʣڶ˵ִƽʱ²δϵһϵ󰸣δлԵʶ
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ʱ˿̣Ǵˡ
ֻôһ䣬뿪ѶңһƷζ⻰
һߣͬһ𷭾ڡ
Сʦ㣬ֻǨ¼ƽ¼üãӸǨƽз¼ֻྩǨƽķ־˵ʮĩʧٵģҴ¿ʼѾʮĩδˣҲûп졣
񺿴һڣˡ
൱˵ģҪ鰸飬˻صضǲ鿴ΪܾѰ
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򵥷˷ڣƽľдĳĳĳĳǨƽде޻լļ¼ϸ
ѹҪƽӣҪƾ·Ǩƽǻ쳣ѣѲҲضĩʧ٣Ҫô׼ҪôǨƽҪôֻ·ƽʧȥ١
񺿴ձ㵽Ǽľڡ
۾һ񺣺ʦ㣬°ӿ˽
ɵЦ⣺ˣֻҪץн


61 
һһľ,ȷû֮󣬱մ꿪ʼ
ԽԽܲ鵽,Ҳܱ鵽,ƽ֪ضǸרעˣľڶǸɸɾƯƯ־ϸ,һ򵥵幤ᶼ¼ڰ¼֡
һ߷,һߵ˵ŻʱͻȻǵеĽǷ׷,
⿴һ۽,ͷȻǱȥ
˻ȥ΢΢˿
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Ͷһ,֣塣
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֣Խ˵ɫԽѿüͷˣھӰ˵ɭһ˶ӣϥ¡
֣˵ϥ»Ů
۾ʲô
֣Ǵûھ˵ɭϥһ˫̥ŮʮŮ㣬Ů޲һһɣǺùһֱɭеĵ⣬Ҳǲ
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һ̣㾪̽ӵűɪɪ
ˮл䣬˿˱۲ѡ
ᣬǹٸƹ٣ǣѾӼоȳǷԻشҵ⣿
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вټӣе̺ϵ˺ۣȻھԽԶԣԽþŸһƣϱ˺ۡ
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񺲢δͷʣǺʱ֪ɱ˵ģ
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䣬ô
ϽȥҪǵŭǷȻҾͿ죬ˡ
ˣ˵ҵС޲𣿡
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ĸףͬΪҲʧȥ
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·ѾǰɭһֱûлؽҶСʬ岼˾ҹԷɼɱ˵ľжôᶨ
Ѿ㣬񺻹ǰοǻᾡÿһˡ


62 
ȵкת,ʣС㣬֪Ƿ˵һ˵ĸף
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ҵ̸ϰ,ҸС޲Сʱ򾭳Ҫ,Ҳ˵ֻһγ˾ƣ˵ƽ,,,Ϊƽҡ
̧һ۶𣬼ʣ֪䣿
˶٣ƺãĸ׵䡣
ʵСʱҲᾭھӵ,Ƕ˵ҼǲŰ,ǲʶ֪ʲôˣҵֲ˵,ҸС޲Ժ,ŴӼеҵ֡
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֣˵ţҫ٣ŵţˣ𣿡
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صϣѯĽҲѻһǰһֵˣѾѯʹܼ˼ңڰҰѯʣʱ֪ɭȽŲãЩ£·һһߣҲٳţʱڼյ
һȻͷ񺣺Ǵˣɻǵû̳ϵĽӡ
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ˣǶ˵ɭƽճĬԣȥҲĮҵŮɰ£ſŶҵ⡣
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δѵµȻٴѲһ飬©
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Ѹӭͣ£ҲϻֱˣѾѰɭ޲ǽǰﴦڶַڣ˽
һ޲г˼֣ȴδԣֻ֪ˣȥ֣ǰʬ
øϵ׺һƬͰĲַǰһ˲ѾǰѰһƬԼַܡ
ںӱ˸ڵҹգҲϸӳĵòԡ
΢΢̾˿ûܾ޲
ǰߣûлͷֻǵȴҲѾ壬ӴԺ˻ɭȥ
ǲǾȲˣֻҪΪͲԼź
䣬񺿴ݣֻܿߴӰ
е֮ɢδǡ
˿첽ڶַǰ˴ĲַһƬȴţÿһԺ䡣
꣬µС·ҰݸǣÿһַǻҰܳţһ֪δ̡
ֻнؿصһ䣬ӲûôŰЩģ
һַֻ䣬ǼӦʱסõĸ䣬ұǼ˫ţԵúǿ
֣첽ǰԶˣ߶һ˽ȥСһЩϵѪܶ࣬Ѿ˱ǡ
ͷһۣһŶ롣
һŨصѪ
Ѿյƣݶصһյҵƣҫͬ硣
һȥһۿľϵŮ
ŮϴƯŻȹľ崲ϣϸһŻ£ϸ֪ŵ
һ࣬һݵ˿ϣ첲࣬Ҹ첲ڵϡ
ѷĵûУʳѪȾ°ڣܳһѪˡ
ӵѵƺһӦĹߡ
޲ߣ޲ǱģһٺָۣҲЩƣʳָָ׶ѣ¶İ߰Ѫ⡣
Ͷδ£Ҫ֣ʬĿٶ
ɭΪҪɱԼŮΪ޲֪
üͷ΢壬Ϊֻɱ޲ûɱ㣿ȿɱСġ
Ҳ֪ΪΣ̾˿Ҳ֪
޲ϸ鿴һ̣ȥɭ
ɭϲʲô˺ۣͬǰϣһ߿˯Ůһ߰ѿ̵븹С
˺Ѫעɼúԥ
üͷ˭ɱɭ
ɭһȦһĿʱɭ߬ſ̵ϡ
ǳµİ̺ۣ˿ֻɽ߬ŵƺһ̶ſ
˶һۣŵصѵɱ


63 
ҲΪ졣
ֶ,üӵ鵽ǶɭƷжЩ˽,Щߺ֮ͬ,ԳƵ飬ôһˣҪôǼ˷,Ҫô˽Ϊλɱ
,̫ˣǲĿĲݣȲɭĿΪ,⿴ʱʮ̲סɱ,زΪԼŮɱ
䣺ˣͲ䱻Ϊˣǲ֮,Լ,ǰԼñκ¶Ҫ
ü֮Ҳ˼,ΪƤƱɣֻǵΪһյƣ,ûҪ½ʱٴɱ,ôﵽԼĿһյƤ㹻Ӧǲġ
ҲᵱǷƤƣǵյȥ˺δյ㹻,ɭΪҪյƣ
ǰ߾˭ɭΰɱǣΪɱ֮Ϣ,һֱʮٶȳɽžģɭΪҪɱԼŮ
һ,ɭ޽⣬ٿɻش
±ؾƫִߣӻô鲢δܾöһϲȥ²δаӸƵĳ⡣
һʱ䣬Ͷɫ䵭ж޳֮⡣
񺿴ӵĵƻֲԾյƤơ
ĿַĴѰĿ䵽˽Ĵľϣδˣǿ
ľǰΪһѵһַ㿴ߣδҶֳֻõƺȴϹ顣
ʶľһֱ˶
ľ䣬һ£ľ俴ǳ¾ɣ沢޻ҳȻոձ˲ù
ɫһݣǰһѽȻ֮ң崺ĵľ䡣
ֻ֨ѽһľӦȴҲܿľ֮еΡ
ͬеѪȾͬ˶ľյơ
沢Σգ˲ǰŵ̽
յͬҹԷһյƤ޼յƳɵģǰյֻеֺ͵Ƽܣȴ޼ֽӰֻиΡ
Ȼֻһյ
𣺡ϾİӣôƱյǲ㣬ҲյҲ˵ɭҪռƤƣԸ
ǵƣ
ֻһһס˶󣬼˷ܵؿ
ˣǵư
֪뵽ʲô˿ֻɻؿ
˱۾Ҫ˵Ļ˳Ȼۿľеյơ
ˣƣ
üͷһ˽˼ǵǴˣֻżţ֪飬˴ͽ̡
Ķƣ֪Լ߬Ŷֱۣ̫ˤҲԼ
˾ܵĲ
ͷ˫ƯķĿǻ貶顣
ഫαʧܣ֪ãǿǵƣԱλڷţȻ㿪ʼ裬ֻҪ֮ǰǵƲɡ
˶٣δɣеʶֻƵĴ˵δгɹ֮١
ⲻǲ෹ǵĹ°ˣ񿴵ôƣ֮ƤҲұ¡
۾ģͷ𣺡δˣ˵ɭ˾٣ǷΪߡ
ͷһ޲ϸŵ£һߣһ˻긴
˽˼Ҳ΢΢һ븴ţ
ͷ˿Լ侲
˿ʮǰɭɱһʱӦѾˡɭ˽ѱ˵Ź֮ΪΣ㶯˸ŵ˼ҲֻҪɱͬƵߣɱ֮ΪԼϲã˸ӵֳƣԼһԷɱ˵Ľڡ
ڶôô˸жĽҲĨȥΪ˵Щ޷ǾĹ߶ѡ
˾ˣ˭أ
Խɭ֣ͬӵֲͬɱ˵ıʵûɡ
Ϊ˸ţͲжʮ꣬мжϣѹûڣӦгĬԣŮĺøס
ɱ˷ɱ˷Լ϶ô£Ĺ֡
عͷѾʱɭֻ
ƻû꣬ζ
񺻰£һɤ𣺡Ǿ͵ˡ
֣һ·קСַܽģ˿վſڿԣøƵģɫˢˢ׵ġ
ϵΣˮҵݸ֣ݺݹڲźЩ
һӲ죬һߴףȻƹϵѪȥ鿴޲
ϸϸһȦŶСͽܵʼǡ
֣޲ֽֿ֫źۼȻŵϵʬѾʼˣǿԵʬ󴦻вպۣҲ˵ʱӦѾʱߵֽŶѾӲʬȫδл⣬ΪӦþǽո粻ᳬҹҹʱ֮󡣡
ϵ·Ӧʱʹϣδ󴩣·壬ʱδֽͬд򶷣Ѿ򶷣ֻʳָָ׶ѣӦʱ֡
֣һߵ
޲֮¼ȻſˣδˣǴˣƿˡ
ͷ֣롣
֣²ɾ֣⿪޲ϵ¡
ϣ޲ݲʬ忴ȥǰ㰲꣬˫ĿԲ۾ﲼѪ˿ݰ˶壬дš
ı飬ͬ㵱ǳһģһ
޲Ҳ벻ԼΪҪʱδֱھԼ޷ٻȥ󣬲źݺץһ¡
֣ԸСѧͽݻʵһЩߵݱʱҲж֡
˵ŶԽ˵ˣ߳ѾɣˣǱЩʱһḴ飬Ƿ
֣֪°飬Ҳ֪ߵĹϵգжϳ߸յߺܱܿͬһɱ
˵ɭ
ɭþЩѪˣ֣ϸ飬ȻˣӦʱϵʬ̶һ£ǰ󲻻ᳬʱϣӲϵٺ۸ʧѪѵɱ
֣ϸϵ˿ڣ뵶ԥһֺֿݣǴģ顣
˴ͬһۣʣ֣磬ܿɱɱ
֣üͷ΢壬һʱ֮侹޷жϡ
ɱһǣɱ飬Լ
ֻԳ飬жϲǸ


64 
˫ʬֳԼֻѰ,Ҫ֣ȥ顣
ܾⳡΪ죬ɭɱɱ,װѰӱ޽԰
ߵƺҲ޷ٲ塣
ʱЩɥ,һ˿һĳ춼ޣֻʣհ޷ƽľɥ
Ĭӵ˴Ǹ,ǰ߶Ŀ㹻ˡ
Ĭͷ,ллδ˿⡣
֮δٶԣֳָһ飬Ÿá
ȥ֮,ýϺЪϢ,ٲ飬ֻ֣һЩЩʬ
˷,һȥ
̫,һ,صլǰʶҪͬһš
קһ֣Ժȥ
Ų΢٣ͷıӰ,ɫ˼,ȴδͣ
Ъˡ
ЩңЩ֯һٶ޷˯
ܾһק,Сʧȥ,԰׽Ӳݡ
һƬ,˯ȥ
գһѣģ˫ʱֻǰһƬ谵ƻδʱ
񺶯˶ַ˸ǾЩͷǣȻҹﲢδ˯á
ЩƣڴϷȥҲδٶ˯ڴ˼顣
ţ뵽Ļ
˵ƣ֮²ؽ黳Ժǧ׮Ӷѻÿһ׮Ӷиɵδ⣬ÿһᣬΰµİӡ
ϣ˵úܶԣڽͷˣЩ޾Ҳ͸ЩõģԵȻ֮ں
ʼղϰߡ
ڶʱʱı֮£ĻѾӡκ¶޷
ȻһүһøٻΪλһأ
벻͸Ҳ벻ס
Ҽģڱ¶ԣֵҳ˲⡣
˵ʥϾЩ֮ʣԼϲ֮˶ƫ̻ȴޱ˾жҪɵӶ֪¶ϲܰһµµΪĴ
ҪȺͳ˾ЩƻҲܵñȫԳΪǰѵ
ô𶼲ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ͷЩƿᣣŷʵѾڸѾɵ峿ʱ֡
޷ھĵģ񺻽һƣ
ŲҴҶƿţ̽ͷƣСˣҪ𣿡
ͷɡ
ϴ֮󣬽Ƹ÷٣Ҳδױ
СʣС㣬˵ƣôջҪȥã
Ӧùȥ͹ʶ֪ӵϢ
΢΢һ̾Ľ᰸δջҪ̽һ
ܾף˵
ƵСһҪЩҹ˼أС㶼˯ò̫ȣտɵúúЪϢ
֣Ц֪ˡ
ˬļ˿㹽緹
үأ
ƴ𣺡С㣬үˣ˻С㣬ȥãС±ȥѰ
һưսõֺ齴ʰãֱȥԺ
Ժ񺾪ϲطȻڼҡ
Ǹ߸ݵĸˣͬЩ࣬˶ǼΪͨòֻü֮˼ϲ˱ơ
ĸ׵ޣһֱźĲ
Ҳüδ˿ϲС⼸տ϶ˣˡ
ᵽߣ죺ɲǣԭɢĵģ˭뵽һӡ
Ȱĺ󱳣ҲҪƷ̣Լź񺻻Ϲ
һ߸ϵһߵС㣬ͬСһѯ˴˵ֺſջǵôˣֻһƹ˵ʮǰƽǻиջĺ඼סڴ˴ǿȥ
Ѱջ
̾˿ջʮǰȻɺ˼ζңһǧɣֻƾſջλЩ⣬ȥʱֶĻƣԼǲ֪ʮǰµġ
˼꣬ӦȥջϾ굱⣬ͻȻʧ٣˳츮ѵѰҪƽǶӻ·ֻѰٵСס裬һЩѰСʡ
ЦſС˵ʲôҡࡣ
˵ţñϣɬС㣬һѰģ𣿡
ס֣ԡ
Цˡ
׼õĵĸһݣţЦ˭СǼҵ㣬ɰġ
ͬ˵˻ŶԳţһ̱㵽á
ﲻ֣඼óԵЩ塣
һãͿӺԺ
˼񣬽ҲȥδǴˣδ˴˿ͣ鷿˿ֱȥ˴
ͬл첽ȥͣ鷿
˿̳ڲڵ༸˶ͣ鷿Ĳᣬ񺵽ʱ򣬶ԆѾһ裬֣δ
˫ʬ֣ѹСҪһЩͬ˼һȡ
ԆСǣСѾ˵˰飬ģ
Ԇôӣ̲סҪһ̣ʶпձҪһ
һ˲Ԇ˼ЩԼ˵˳
ĩһǾɭɱˣյܱǰ
Ԇͷ񣬲참Ҫܹƾ֤Ҳܹ⿴ʬ壬һ۶ôӣԼĹ¡
ֻʬ壬òҲֻѯΪƹ٣Ҫе϶ΪһԼĹ¡
ȵʼʱԻơ
һϯʤʮ顣
ϴ˵ÿһֶǾ飬ǳͬԆл֮󣬷ŵֻϧɭʶû˴𰸡
Ԇȴ˵ɭˣ˻ߣʱһ仰ͿɳΪ
Ȼϴǣ̫ļ
һֱԲ裬һһƹٵĽ̸δ෢һԡ
ټһյĹͣ鷿ű򿪣֣һߣһôˮߵСѧͽðŽҶȷ硣
֣ڷﻺ˻᷿λˣ˵
üԺУ֣ŵ֮ǰ飬ȷŮ߾޲߾ɭ
ѯʣһ٣ڹӦ󡣡
֣ͷһ߷ʬĿ޸ģһߵ޲ʮʱпտգδʳˣǱסϳָйκۣպۣ˺۽ޡ
֣ɭǸˣʧѪɱɱ޴ӱ˿ڣҵ
̧֣ͷĿĿˣ˵úأӦð᲻ʬ塣


65 
֣ɭǺ,˶бŴ,ԼԼֿ붼,ɱɱ޷жϣȣȽʮǰϹ,˺أڻԼǳ,ѾʮĽҿȷֻ,ܡ
һŮʬ,Ҳ߰ʮ£ôص,ɱ,̳,߰ڳôһĽǶȡ
֣Խ˵ɫԽѿʶΪҲɭζӦöǸʬСˡ
˻һԺжȻһ,񺱾ͶԱЩ,ҲγԾǶ֣֮ɭӦͬ
֣ҡҡͷ,Ҳ֪,Ϊǰߵıɱַһµ,ҪôͬһνҪôɱС֪İ飬ѧôһһģһװֳ
һգ˳츮ƽغͽЭͬ참ǰӽв飬˽ϵŬ֮£ŻѸư
ǲץ˾ɰҲҵ֣Ϸ참˸߲ңЩϸ֦ĩڵɵ㣬ֱӾͿɶ
Ȼͽ񺶼ԸˣǮ֪Ӧǣ˵ϻӵǮ֪ض֪᰸ܡ
һΪ֣㲻ҪãʬĿζֱͬ˵
Ȼ֣ʬĿֱӰ֮ǰ참ƷɭΣܲɱС֣һʱ䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ЩԺһƬհף֪Ҫٷ顣
ԴҲüͷΪϵƹ٣Щ̰ʮأʮʲôİӶȴƫƫûмȷֵ֤֤޷ġ
ϴ˲̾Ϣһ䣺ɭ߻ʣѾˣ޶֤ǻԶҲ޷֪С򡣡
ϴ˵̾Ϣ֮һ绮૵޶֤
Ҳ˵޶֤
˲Ծһۣ۾΢΢â֡
ǷֿܣɭǱɱ󱻲óɱ龰Ϊ˰С䱻ɱһ߸
ˣôӵˡ
ֻ˭ͳֿ϶֪ʮǰľɰ֪ɭһǵ֣ɱСʱصģɭַİȥΪľһڲúСֳ֮ɱɭ޲
ôĻô֤ʣ֤ɱС㣬ִʲô˼
Ŀ⴩ᣬ䵽˺᷿ǰ
ǱȳŮ᷿һʹԼʮ֣һ߿ǾȳԼá
Ԇ۰׺룬֣ʬĿֻ˵ɭûжʬԽƳС䱻ɱһֻ˵ɱߣδ˵ۿʬ
˶룬Ҳͺˡ
㣬˶ˣǻô飿
ǷҪȥѯ㣿
ȴ
ƫͷĿڴźһ̣֣Ӱź
ԆȻĿ䵽ϡ
참ܽڰӲδȫǰ߷¼֤Ǳزٵģ⣬Ｘѣʳİ඼ʵġ
ҹУŷɥ˸ڲƭ
ҹɫﲻŰգֻܼ䣬ǽһȥӶѯһ飬Ƿи
濴ͬ䣬İ참ȴ࣬˵˳츮֮𣬵øŬһЩ
ϲ˱ȥȴҲԼŬˡ
ܵĿ˵ϲûǻܹһ˵㡣
֣˵˾첽ǰȼȻŵˣѾѯʮ˼ңõ¼
һܼҵļɭȷʵȽŲ㣬ҲиС̯λѰʱǴŮȥ̯СŮڼƣʱȥӻ
ɭȽŲ㣬ֻżСӣͷ̯ڹܣСŮ޲ͷͻ˶£ַھӶϲǼҲչˡ
˿ɭȷʵٳš
ڼС䣬ҰԼҪɱĿ꣬Ż֣
һʣ˲֪Ҫƽ⡣
ӸƣֵӵɵԽԽ࣬ൽͷĿѣ
ͷ˼һǲ׿ֻСһˡ
˵Ŀ䵽ϣȴԽ˵ԽʮǰİѾ޴Ӳ𣬳˷ľڣҲ޷õҪʵС䱻ɱ𣿡
һ˲˽˼Ǵǡ
ͷôΪǾӦСİΪȣСʧоգںδ֣αֶϣⶼǿֱѰ
ΪǿһӻŮѾѾѾѾͬСǺѣӦ֪С䶼ϲȥδ
֣壬ȴѾѾ
֣Ҵ뿪ֵһһ㣬ڣӦõʹѾѾ֮󣬲֪Ҫѯ㡣
Ϊ棬ôСһɭ棬ϵյƾ֤ݣΪ٣ôΪҪѣ
ײɱСˣȴ߸ףҸǺɾҵɭ޲ʬ壬ܺ߳Ϊˡ
뵽澪ŵ㣬ܲ⣺᲻֣
һͥԺһ紵ڶƲɫ
罫
ֻñ󷢺ɱС֣ôǷҲɱ޲ɭ
һʱ䣬ͥԺа˽Ϣн뵽⡣
һʮСɱôˣ
֣Сͽܴ㶵ʡ
ԆͷƬ֮ļ򣺡ôأ
ַһ飬ӻŮѾѾͱ뵽á
С껹ʮССģۡ
Ѿ֪С俴ûɣǱˣȴδʹ飬һ仰˵
ֻԺѾѾɣЩСҪ㡣
ѾѾصͷʣͬС죬¶ҡ
һ˵С䣬ѾѾ۵׷ˮ⣬ȴǼǿûп޳
룬֪Сƽնȥƣһգͬӻ˵˸ѣ˭
ѾѾϸ룬ŵСȥҲ֪ƺƽֻ̨þµĵյ˵Ǹ֪а̯һ㡣
ѾѾ죬벻ǽʲô䣬ֻܳüֻǵС˵ǽҴһ꣬СһЩǸĺù
۾һ𣬼Ҳ뵽˭
С˵ʶĺѣһĺùӦþ㡣
ں᷿ﰧʹǸˣȴʶС䡣
Ϊ֮ǰ׿˵˭֪ź˵ĲҵǡһİĹ
ʶС䣬Ͳ㡣
Ȼ򣺡޲


66 
΢΢üͷ,Ҳеì֮˲δѯʽΪдۡ
ΪܼΨһǸ,һ޲
޲αװ,ΪǸŮǻÿɰ
,һ±޲αװ֮⣬һʼ˵Լ,ôǶܺߣûôܶһɰܡɱԼʬ,ֻҪѯʳõĲ֮ͬ,Ͳỳ
޲ʱǱӲȳģʱѾԣƺ˼,Ҳ˻ỳ
ֿʼ,͸˲ػþ,óѶĶͽǣ˿
Ѿ˼αװʵֻһĿģڸֵܡ
ɭ͡޲,ô,ٸ鵽ܼңɭʮǰɰ֣ôٸͻȻ˳š㡱,϶ɭԪס
㡱⹶Ҵ,ű˵ͬǿػȥ
ֱȱ
һе޲Ϊ,һǸĻˣԲɫŪڹ֮䣬ôһ޷ľ֣Լɹѿǡ
ͬһۣ˽ԴӶԷп̾
һʮСɱˣݺȴ
һӵĽҲܳŵԼƺõһУһιǣǸİһǰߣץν֡
̾һ
ȴüͷ䲻ǵװ֣С䱻ɱȴѲ˸ϵΨһˣҪٴ󡣡
һ˼⣬Ϊ֣ܲͲ󣬶˿ɱСַǲѿǸˣɭҲа˳ɿɱ׶ʹɱֵˣλʣ
ǲ罫ƾͼƣ̧ͷ𣬵ϲϷǱһɱãϣôۻҲ㹻ɱ
ƾð㣬ѱɱһ㣬㹻
˼Ƭ̣á
һκֻ᷿񺡢Լ
ǰţȻС㣬ܽ
Ƭ֮󣬾һϸ΢ĽŲ𣬷֨ѽһ򿪣¶һմŲ˵Ĳ԰ݡ
޲ɫɲҰײҰ׵ģѾù˷ȴԵ磬һǽ񺣬۾һæʣˣá
˵֣һټȥ
ɫһæ޲ۼС㣬ǽȥ˵
˽᷿վҲûйϷţУ޲ʶ۾
ֻû޲ºԼҲǰ
ڽվұ߱Ƕ˲ŭ޲γεѹ
Ȼһ£޲С˿ɷ£Щ¡
񺰲οĪ£Ĵ˶Ǻˣʲôԩ˶ԩֻҪʵʵ˵á
޲ֻõͷǴˣãˣ
Ѱҡá·Ǹ۰õĺý㣬Ŀһֱϡ
޲ϣֻܿǳͽǣҲѹʹ࣬ûһ˿һᡣ
αװ˵޷ˡ
̾ϢȴҲ˰֮ɫС㣬ҽҪ˵Ļϸ
޲ģںһ˲һ
ˣ˵ɡŲ
ס֣յҹѲ飬ڰ׺ӱѰ˵һַ
ڲַڣҵ㸸׺ã΢٣ްһ˲˲޲ֻѰʱǽ
Ļһףݺ޲۵ļϡ
һ漴ϸϸܵĿƺ޾ı
ͷİӰ˿ʵݡ
ͷһ۶𣬶㣬֪˭㸸׿ͬͬΪҪɱú㸸ף
ܸе޲΢΢һ漴ͱ˫ϸݵһ¡
ҡ޲޿Ҳ֪
޲ͷŨŨİˣҵٳţֲãеͶֻʣ
أҵİף޲Թɱǹģ˵Ҳɱġ
ΪʲôҪɱС޲С޲ôԣôΪʲô
޲һΪǵɱɭŮˣţٵѻɭ
޲֣οС㣬ĪҪ£㿴ɱߵףҲᱣ㣬㾡˵ǡ
޲Ѹٱ˽ĻȴϣƺûĽֻǸǸһͣѯɭͬ
޲ԶԴеĻǾ˼֮ĽչٸΪֻܺߣô㲻лɣ˳Ļѯʡ
ȴͬˡ
˵ʲôٸ˶ƺûʲôͬ
޲ʶҪ߬˫ָ֣΢ȴԼλƹס֣һʱЩá
񺴹ĬԽ᣺С㣬Ī£ǻúñ㣬ǸͬԲ֪˵
޲˿ٶȼᣬίˣҵûƭˣڲַֻ֮ҵδʲôͬ
ңһôżѰС޲ҵС޲ʱ˵һҪԶһΪҪɱС޲ɱҡ
ѵ𣿡޲۽̧ͰͿ񺡣
ɿ޲֣ȴ˫޳ַŵ޲ıϡ
С㣬㡭
֮ɫԥֻͷƺԾ
˿̵ǸĽü磬ɷ
俴޲Ǵˣʵ˵Ҳġ
̾˿ŰĿ䵽޲ϣС㣬ʬǷ㸸Ǳɱ
㸸ûͬôǱ˭ɱģɱ֮˲֪óַͬ㸸гԹɱ㸸ףǻɾ޲ɱġ
޲ʶô᣿ⲻܡ
գգ۾ĶȴΪβܣ
飬㸸Ƚ޷޷ʬ㸸Ǹѿ̵УѪעһɱ
ɱһ֣㣬Ǽ֣˵ݣǿԳ׽᰸
޲Ϊ޷죬ȴǱһۿαװǰֻҪٸһղͣѲνͬһղܰġ
һ˲޲ġ
ԭΪԼ԰ѹٸŪڹ֮䣬ȴֻҪ飬չ黹©
Լ˵ģȥַۼɱˡ
ҪԲأ
޲ķңȴԼ侲ݺݵͷŵҡ˵ʵʵʵҵͬС޲
һʼ˵˺С޲С޲ѾˣҾûʲô˵ˡ
С޲һֱĻʲôʲôǸС޲ȥʬġ
һâС޲ʮܱͣöôصʬ壿
޲еܵģС޲ܴܾװˮˮףʬȻ԰ᶯ
΢΢̾˿ȷ
޲ͷȷ
Ŀɺ⣬һ˲У޲ɱ˰Эɭɱʬɳϣ


67 
⧲,޲һʱ֮䶼δӦ
ѹס޲,κѵĿܡ
һڼɱ˵,ֱѹƵĸоܡ
Ȼ޲ӿ֮ɫ
ֻһ˲ȴҲڳ˿С
񺲻κα,飬ǰھҹԷʬС,ͬĽ죬Ϊ㣬ȴ˵㸸ɱһİˡ
Сյƾ,˼Ȼ֮,Ϊβʶ
Ͳ㣬ǿ԰ᶯʬ޲
֮ǰѾѾ˵Сܸµһյ,ϧ,һֱСﴬ,ƾﴬΨһɫ
£㲻ܲʶС䡣
޲˵ɫˣϵųʹ౻䵭ȡ,䵭,Զ׼Թ
ᰡ޲ֱ壬ݺһ,ý,ô,·˶ǷƵģа̯Ҿ͵ÿӺ̯λһһ͵ơ
ǣɭȶˣ߲·ɲػǸŮͬ˴ֻлȻ䵽ϣƾʲôأ
ǷǵĲɣ
ֻʣ޲ȴɤ
˵Ĳ˵ŴСԹޣҲ˵Լıҡ
޲˵ţ۵ҲǹģǴˣ︸ףľңҲǺ±֪ҰװʬԲŻαװɽ㡣
Ǵˣ֪ˣҰɡ
޲ȷ黹죬ǰһ̻Լĸ׺ãһȴְƺί
ͿļֻջϵᣬֻʣĮ顣
û˻ͬһɱ֡
ֻǵ޹ˣ˵ˣŵСɱİɣ
޲Լˮҭһ¡
˫ۣŵؿ񺣺Ǵˣô֪ɱˣǱΣŻ²ߡ
ֻǺ°ˡ
ȴɭڼУΪʮǰڶˣһֱûкתôҲֻǿߣʶ޷ٷҲš
һӲŵ֣ѡߵģ
ɫ䣬ƺҪһۿ޲
ѡСģֻоȥ͵Ƶ㣬Ϊ㿴ͬ˵ǵǿ룬㶯ɱġ
룬ɭһҫظ˵¼ɣǶôôϢɱŮˣûٸ׽ãңʮ꣬һܵ⣬ԼǸš
ǣ޲͵һӣСǸʲôҲ䣿
£ǽҰˣǵ΢һЩ֪ȥͨʬͱץˡҵЩߣɶʶֻҪƽǺòĺܡ
УʲôţҲǣ
޲д۾죬д˵
ǿҲõֳǸСƯƯ
۾ε֪ɭĹ
޲ЦһǸѲ޿䣬ƼŮˣͬﳣȥ⵹ǲ
޲˵Ϊȣɱˣͷѹý;Ծơ
һԾƾҪƷ裬Ǽ˾֪ܳȥţȴ˾ƣܺݺˣһͨóһ
ԼʮʱѾ򲻹ˣֻܿ޿˵ȥ£һһ䵱ķṦΰ䵱ɱʱζȻ˷ܵظ˵ܼˡ
ֱüֻܼԸŮǷӡ
޲ŲοԼ˷ܵصصҾʱ֪ɹʲôҾĲã£Ҳ
ɱҪɱܸɱ׺һǲûȤ
޲Ǹɱ˷ʮѾɱȤϵĴ󲿷ˣ˶ûͬ顣
ǣֻʲʺɱɱôɱֻԼ˿
Ķˣȴαװƽװɻ͵ģ˶Ŀ佱ԴԵá
֪ʮꡣ
ἰɱ¼֮ҲЩһŮӲɱ⣬ɱҲסģСһۣͶɱġ
Сһ˼ҵŮʹ㣬СļΡ
ںСʲôҲںСǷʶֻɱС֮ܲѡ
޲ƺܵеȴ⣺ûŰɣǲǾҺ
վſڣ˸ս
ոǿɷ߱ڣȴĶľս
޲жȥαװֻʣ֮ɭϺë
һۣŲ˰벽˲㡣
ǣҲ֪˲ԼȴǴĵϺ⡣
һߣ޲ûע⵽ˣĿͽڽϣһһٵǴˣǲţ
ձȻء֮һֱǽڰοڣҲǽ
޲ԽϤҲ֪Լڲƭһ˵ʲô뷨
ŶʣҲƭ˰ɣǲǺ
۾ϣһ˲˲˿ⱻԼĴ
ȷʵû֣αװȱ޵
޲Цˡ
ʣ޲ɱС䣿ɱɭ
޲֪޲ԣƺЩֻҫĹѾʱգڲ׵һ졣
޲ǸСĺܺƭֻǵؼҵ·ϣɹιڲַ˼գǶų⣬ҲŰȥ
ܵظһҸ㣬һдֻСŮˡ
޲һЦȥҹԷңһҵƤƣǻ֪ʲôǴ
΢΢һ٣ͻȻʣ޲ȻƶԼɱ֮󲻻ᱻ֣Ϊλ᲼֣
˵޲ɫڱˡ
ҪǸˣȻ͵͵ңŮˣ޺ҪҷŹôɱĴ
Ҫȥ٣޿ûûˣˡ
̫ˣҾͰҲ˲ַɭǸﾹȻȥҸɴֱӰ쵽˲ַǸôļˡ
޲һ˵ţһߵɴ۾ɭȻ˵Ҳˡ
޲ЦˣǿЦԼɱˣ˵Ҳˣôͱȱɱ𣿡
ƫҪɱ
ˣԭ޲Ҫһ޷ľ֣ɱ֮Ҳò˻ò鲻ܼң㷢֮òɱڣҲɱ˶ɭ
Ȼˣܼһʧˣô춼첻Ĺ£㽫ƾͼƣֱӰɭ
޲ҺýˣҲöôáصȥĲַʱѾһϢǼôã˼Ͳˣң˼һɱˡ
Ĺ£Ѿʦͨ
޲Ϊ˰Ѿ޷죬ԼҲŰɱ㣬ָɭһηɱģ֮ͻ˼УԼڲֱӶ˹ȥ
ͨҪٱ²޲Լ׼˼ͬĹ£ǽһֱ鲻ܼңͻĹڲƭ
ܺߣӶûκιϵ

񺵭ʣɱ˵Ȥ
޲̧񺣬ںڵ·ѣִԲȴֻš
ͻȻ޲彪һЦ
Ѹ٣һץסۣһͻأ֣һӱס˽ϸĲ
񺻹ûӦϤ崺ȴƿնصػϡ
һ˲ɿ޲ȴ治ɫ
Ʋһ㣬һק񺣬˿һꡣ
˵Ѫ񣺡ˣ԰ꡣ


68 
˪,ס崺һܻ̾ӵ,һ޲Ĳ
δһ,˫һȾЦһҲȻʧȥâֻʣһƬڡ
Ǻڰޱߵɱ⡣
޲ôһ,еĿ΢΢һڽ񺲱һۡ
ȴ򶨡
̧,һ˿һľ¶ޡ
޲õȷʵֻͨ꣬ǸȾѪͽ,,в֮£񺱳һɺ⡣
ȴܰѾ±ֳԽ,޲Խ˷ܡ
ֱֱ,Եİ֮⡣
񺴭˿,ֻں»ȴǿ򶨣ȶԶδˣһл޲,޲ֻǾʧ,ҪңԷ񣿡
޲񽥽ɢȥ촽,˵Ǵ,ĪҪˣ,Ѿɱˣҿɲ
⻰еĴʯء
޲治Ͳᱩвôĵľ֣ΪĲӳ죬ң⡣
Į飬Į˵ɱ֣ʵǵСµҪĵС
ƾһ仰µ޲Ҫʲô
΢һ˼޲ȷʵҪ㣬ԸϣҿԿδϱ͢ˡ𡣡
仰ɹ޲һɣǻ㾡̣Ҳֻʮꡣ
ʮŮ֪Ϊֻ֪ɱҪȴ֪ƹǵĳŵ档
޲ѵЩ棿
棬δˣ¹Σ
˫һ۽ˣ亮ƶձ⡣
ɻһ£ǽһοŭ
ŭȫѹı֮£濴ƽ޲ͷˣһʱƽϢˡ
ȴŬѹסľˣӦʡ
仰о޲΢ɣЮҲʹ
ʣ޲С䡢ɭΪһɱ
λϹٵġŵ޲ȸղŻҪɣǡ
ʣ֪ɭɱ˶˭
޲֪
ֱ֪޲ԣЦɭ˵һǽﱤĻũƽֺϲһȥͬ졣
ʲô֣
޲һãŵҲǵˣɭҲںʲôԼֻǵ֣С컹СģԼ֡
˿ʣڶأ
޲ڶǸǮˣɭ˵ŮһͲǺöӦྩеķ糾Ůӣ֮ŸƽϲҲר⣬ͬﶨƬͬ׽
񺷢֣޲Уɭɭ㣬Ψ
޲δģֻ֮С
֪һУɭƺ֮ԣȴΪ̸
ʣ֪λ˵ɷ˭
޲ϰ죬ҡҡͷ֪ɭҲʶôࡣ
ʵƺѾˣ˼Ƭ̣ǵ޲֪ĸ׵ںδ
޲һ˲ãȻģʮһֱֻڽҶլУиס㣬һĸףҲкܶĳھӡ
ȴδȥ̽Ѱĸ׵ںδ
ûʹĹҲδɭ˵ֻ֮ǸӰϲŭ֣޲Ӳġ
ûеȵ޲Ĵ𰸣֪Ӧǲ֪ŵĳˡ
̾˿޲ɷſˣټЮң½Ĵ˻ᱩˡ
㲻᲻ںԼɡ
޲ſӵ΢΢һ٣ظĻسŵ
ǡ
޲ԥƬ̣ɿ֣һѰѽǰȥ
һֻ̣һ˫ʵһ߬סĸ첲ֱֱһ
ݺײ˶Էϣմϸ΢ײ
˻ʶʹ
ǯ첲ϵȴɿ֮⣬ֻͨԼ޲ľŭ
ƭңǾȻƭҡ
һԾϣֱӰ޲ǯ˫ѹ˵ϡ
޲һһ߽£ڴϵĵϻһѪۣͬĶ
ҪɱǣҪɱǣǶ
Ľصںڣȴͽ޹ֻɱĹٲǯƣҲС
һߣ񺻹ѹڻС
񺾹δαðһδˣ㡭
ŭ˿ѹֲסŽֱ֣ᣬһ·ͣ鷿ȥ
ǰߣֻСܸӰһһ࣬֯һӣ߲ƾɵúԺдС
Ѱһȫ˵᷿Ŷ룬Ȼѽק᷿ڡ
űϣڴȹδˣôޡ
񺡣
Ŭѹŭڰһҹ
񺣬ǲ
⧲ݣһʱ֮Щ㵣漴ȴӦͷ
ƶ͵ȻӲϷ䣺Խˡ
Խˣһһٵ㲻˰Σͽв֮Ҳýж˵Խˣ
㱻Ю֣˵ңòһƷ
ܵͣеŭЩ⣬Ҳͬ뷨
Ȼأ
Ȼ޲ͻҧٿڣʮǰߵݾͻûھߵԶ֪ںδһѰټ
δˣӦ𣿡
𣺡㣡
еŭѹסüͷȵΪٲӦΣΪȣȱΣв鰸ѱΪԩ
񺣬ҿв
񺱻ŭҲ֪ԼôˣƤЦѵĲѱȫ
˳츮ƹ٣ϹҦҦˣҪѵңҲҪҦԳ棬㣬ܺĽĪҪ˳츮ָֻš
ΪԸ£ֻŭͷһʱЩܲˣֻŰﻰйӣ㿴ҹܲ㡣
䣬᷿ʱ㰲
һƬ֮Уֻ˵ĺһأһᣬ֯һ𣬺һ¡ص
˶٣еŭһ仰ɢʱ侲
ƽͽ͵޲Ǹ˽Ѫɱ֣ǿиɣɱ˺ɻԼȴСųײҸ
ЮңΪ˻һΪңʵ䷴ﳹӡ
ƯķĿŵĹâ
ƶ˺ңʵ֤ҵȷģǲʵҲδܵκ˺кδ
ѯʶ˵ײһ𣬶
һأ
ûһǱƵ·ֻɱ˽ޣֵΣ
ûôĺĸǷģ游ĸֻѹ񺣬ƣΪ㹻侲ȴû뵽Ϊ˰Ӳһеķӡ


69 ڶ꣩
벻,˾ȻΪִ
˵һЩ
ˡѵ⡱,ƽϢŭٶȷӿ,üͷ˵Ƿӣѵ㲻ǣ
,һֱòʾˣΪľʲôɫ΢,ѵΪľһˣΪǱµȫ
δˣƤʾ,¹硣
˵,ҲͬԣֱӴ󲽶һ·ȥ
֪Ϊλ,˶δ,޲Ҳ,ǲԸѰҵߣԸֲΪ
оųɰ޲֣ͲΪŻЮ,Ͳ躦¡
,ĵĺ塣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪΪЩ¶ȷǽֻͬǱ,ѵΪ
ܡ
Ц,ɲѶϵ,˼˵ǸɣᵣµԼ
˼ˣϵԽ䵭ѷӵĵǲԼǡ
ڵԼԣΨв࣬ΨһҪ£κ¶ʱӭǣʷС˵ѿĽŲ
ܿ侲첽ǰһȥͿԆһľڡ
ԴˣòǰŽ°飿
ԆժϵľƬ֪ˡ
Щп˭뵽ɱ־ܼҵǸС˾ȡ
ϴ˰참ʮأδİӣҲδ̵֡
˾ǻˣͬ޹ء
Ԇ̾˿
ӣڿԽ᰸ˣѾǿʼƽԼﱤʧ˿ھڣҲ˲˵Ǩƽǵ¼Ӧûн
ͷˡ
Ԇȴǲ࣬һհѸƣľɰҲһףǺη
ϴˣΪ޲̫ļԽ޷죬ԽԲ֪Сͬӻ죬Ҳ֪ӻǵҴߣһ˳˲ȥ
һٲʲôƤƣҲһ֣С˵鷶Χѡһ䵽˵ƽ֮С
Ԇһ߸飬һԼ侲˵ƺѾ˸ղŸ¡
ð˵꣬Ҳѽᣬұ⣬ͬһڡ
һ͵ʱڼһֱδ⣬Ҳֱϴ˺ȥڵݳѶ档
Сݵ澢Ѷĩ±ʮ㣬˿֥飬𣬺óԼˡ
ҲЩˣһ룬ž̹
ԆЦſǴȰʦԭҲһڣУʲôԲߣֻߦ滹ܳȥǻҷ˾;Ѷ棬ӡ
һ󣬾ϲ¡
һʣϴˣʦ˵ȥ£Ҹֻ֪ͬʿк٣永һ·ջྩ
ǰʦຮܸͬʿǷѾѪʮֻ֮ͬʿҲǳ˿ɱȡ٣ѣꡭ
Ԇ΢˶٣ۺ룬һתʦڸݿɺãı£˵һλŵȣʱٻྩҲ޿ܡ
ϴ˵ͬһۣ˽
ϴ˿˹ػЩдǰúܣٳϳǳ̬˳ʱµЩѫʣ¶٣ྩĴԹ󣬿ͲǵʬЩ˵ĺˡ
ϴ˵ĻȴźЦݣˮת굽ңʦȥһˣɿԷƽ
ͬһͬϴ񣺡л˼ԡ
ãɸһڣһ鿴ٶȿ˲٣һ鵽ĩ
ЩǨ¼޽ʮˣ̾˿üģϴ˳ȥ͸Ĺ򣬶Ƿ᣿
ʦ˻Щɻ
֪ǣ굱һδޣͬͬ˵ҪҳԾƣƻû죬˾Ͳˡ
Ǹδ޳ɻԺǨƽǾҪһ¼˵
ѾĲӣɵͷʦǣǨص֮٣ϼҴھټҰǨĲǶǱ㿪ʼ¼
ͷá
ļ򣬵߰ɣȻȥЪϢЩ
˵˻ͬԆǣһ뿪á
ʱѾǰʱ֣ϼܣæµһİϹƣЦðŷļбȥ
һϡƽհƽ͵ƽһֻյĵðڴͨյ׺Щ졣
ŰǻϲϲҲůʶ
ҹ£Źһ˿һڰ֮ץס֣ƽĻɿԼοͣƽİǣ㲻õ£ǿԿĳſơ
ʱ磬Ƕô֡
˻˼УϢȥʳԼԷϴ֮󣬲ڹϣڷ
ͬһ
ӸƵƣȥС˵һҪʳռǵöһʶ
һ㶣С㣬үѾˡ
ȵ΢΢һ٣һҪͬһʳնεȥ÷Ųɣ
һƺ濴һۣǺܹɵزδʡ
ʳ׼׵Ҳɷ
ҲһǳɫĶǴ̵ĳȹ֮󣬵ڼҹ
æ£Ȼ󵽣ǿճЩʲô
սɷȶ
׼˽հѼպΣСţһ㣬ټʱߣسɽҩźܰ˰˵
Ⲣ࣬÷ôأߵļѾͷҲҪһãôˣ˵˸պ㹻
˵գǿЪЪһҳһ÷𣬺úýⷦ
Ὢͬ㷹һ߶ԡ£ͷɢӡ
ҶÿܸܵϺѩ
˸£ǰѲŵֱߣүЪЪɣʳˡ
һȴдͣһд꣬Ӳüġ
أ
񣺡
С˵үѾùʳˣ˵˻˼ˣá
˰Ѳ˶ˣСֻ档
𣺡
һѰ˦ϣ˫סʹһ¡
Ǿǿţڤ粻飡
͵߶һ䣺÷ɡ
ݺ˿첽˳鷿룺ǿţڤ粻飬үҲһģһİ


70 
ô,峿緹Ҫںδʱ,ʳҪ,ѵһɣ
ƣ
ЦŵˣСɲ
һҲû,ֻǲڶӣɡ
׵,һҳĵԽ㿴Ժй
ŽȻ糿ȥϰˡ
˸պ˸,Ų΢,ǺȻӣ
ϹǡôЦƶյִһ㶼,ػȡ
Ц,֪ȫװ,ҲһЦݣ
ͿͷʺãȻȥ,鷿ϴ档
ʳʱ,Ѿ
϶Ц˴֮Ϊʵȴһһ,˭˭
ϰ,Ǽ˿桢齴滹Ѷ±,ԡ
Сصظ棬ѡĶǷ廨⣬ƤͮͮƯϣϷˣ伫ǡ
Ǻһʱͨ泩˹ð¶ǣжֻ÷
𲻿Ҳ
ùʳֱӷ꣬Է
Ȼܶɱ֮¹ϲ䣬񺻹ҪȥһãѰһ飬ýѽ᰸д
˰˳츮ƽͬ죬죬Ҫɽ᰸ڡ
ЪһȻȥԺ£ͬһš
ƽʱŷֶѾˣͬԆǮ֪صһڴڵ
첽룬ǸǸ١
Ǯ֪زҵæ̫磬Ǵ
Ԇֱ£֮⣬һǧߣҪһдڡ
Ǯ֪΢ᣬԱҲ˽⣬ϡͿͱ˸ӣʱǲ졣
ʱ֣䣬Ǹûľͷˣǲʱ򣬺ܿѰ˵ꡣ
񺲹ҹ˼޲ʱڷֳЬӡΪߴ룬ӡмأᣬһһǳӦ޲ߴЬصزȳĽӡΪľǰѷߵɭϡ
ɭЬǡþߴС
һ˵ȫֳͨ˳ˣѴۼ£֣Ѱһƽʧ˿Уҵϵݵˡ
۾һ
֣һʱӦֻʮӣ޲Ŀڹƽﱤȴһ˼ϱŮʧ٣û˼ֻΪŮСᾭƽ뿪ȥƽ֮󣬱ţȴ޹֮һ˻ƽѰңձ㱨١
ʧٵ˿ڣٸҲֻܵǼڲᣬޡ
̾˿
ԆˣӦǵߣܼҷǷѵС
֣壺ǡ
סﱤŮʧٺǵÿ궼ٸѯʣǿԸ֪ˡ
ٵʮ꣬Ҳͻڼ˵ܻǸο
˵Сᣬ֣ڶһʼ²δѵǴѣǲŸֱ֣ѰѰ޵ҵһ
֣ʮˣƽһ˼ң꣬ϱ˵ӳŲδȥٸ
ꣿ

Ŭѹеľ΢΢ͷȥ߬סЩ˫֡
ڳ˶֣飬ֻжƳ˽һۡ
ɫ΢һ۱㿴֣ȴδѣֻعͷ֣壺꣬ڣ
֣ȴ²֪ȷǷΪӣﲢδȥѰңЩȴδ¶棬ҲδϹٸѯʽ
ͷüеĹâŤͷ񺣺֪Ǵ֮Ƿпգɷȥѯһ
߬һ΢΢һ٣˿ȴδָɶͻȻһ˲¡
̧ͷ𣬷LĿ⵭ڶϡ
ȴֶһɵɣôǴ¶ԸΪ֮
ϿκֻҲˣȻ¹٣¹岻ݴǡ
һĬϡ
һֱ˵˴ʱʱ֣λүڰӵİӽ
ΰǰߣʮأദŹͬЭ죬һŬнưһ
ϵЦݣĮӶ˼ࡣ
֣ж˭Ϊ֮Ŭϸ¼һʸ£λ˲صġ
ưǴҵĹֻͣϵ
⻰˵õǳ֣˳츮ˣ˳츮ҦϿ϶й⡣
ԆϴѾˣ˷ƴ󰸣͢Ҳ˵ưĶˡ
һ±ƴ󰸣ʹ˶ãҪӹٽˡ
ֻǮ֪ĬĬ̾Ƶһ仰˵
ԆЦǺǵδΪǴϸ緢͢˲ţǳ֮͢ҡ
ʶˣ֮ҡ
ϴ˾⻰Ϊ
Ͷ˶лŵϴˣѾǽ᰸ͲŪӣȥٻأ
ԆձҪߣýһ֣
ĩ˻ϴˣܲڶݣһŸ֪
𿴶𾭳ֵúǵɵȴϸģϴ˵ͷͬһùʳȥˡ
˶ˣñֻʣͶ
𵭵񺣬ŽʹļӣǴˣԱ㣬һҪҪæպѰ٣ȥƽš
Ҳͺδȥæ¹ٻֵ顣
ͷһӽǶȥ
ˣȥѰһȥһ߽ŵõ
ǳԾô쾹Ǹйأʦ㣬Ļֻɺϣ
˼Ƭ̣ҲΪôҲ߳׼ͷ
ɼǵãʱ̲ϱʧʱͬ˵굱Ѿ̸ۼ޵δޣֻ˭֪δ˭Ҳδ˼
˲ֻǸУ޸ĸھٵԵ

ʶΪӦͬ͵͵ȥ¥ȻʱӯϲӯҲʵǸˣԼܵǮһԼ˳
¥ӯҲʲôɫ۱ͲߣٳǮ
һҪӯݡ
ӯ죬ȴҲδͬɻ飬Ҳδδ޴ͬš
΢΢ʶƽ֮󣬿϶Էƣδգȴ̫ͬ˲Ѱҡ
һ˺ϼҴڵһˣǲͬġ
˵Ż˱
̧ͷŹиߴĹɵϣš


71 
֮ǰܼڵĽҶҪɾһЩ,ʯ·඼иɾԺǽ,Եҡ
ϱʧʱ,¼ĵַڹʮߺţڽȥԼһյĹ,㵽ʮߺſڡ
פһ㷢ʮߺѿ,϶ǰ߲ۼŻưܵľճһ
ͨլԺ,ȵȴһƬϸܵ,Ѿ̡
΢΢üͷǰһ,,Ӧ,ȥѯʴ˴լУֱӽȥѰ
첽صڣͬ۷Ըһ,Ȼصʮߺǰ,ʦ㻹ڴ⴦լԺǽ
㿴˻ԼѾˣԺǽ޵,ͬػ䡣
ϸһ,ȷʵ,ػһǾʯԺǽͬػʯϣ䡣
ü˴߹ˮ
ôһլԺûҪѾ¸Ľʵ޷סˣҲ⶯ᡣ
²⵹Ժǽʵ̫ߣ˵Ҳ޷壬͵͵ʦ㣬н룿
ȵȰɡ
˱ſڵһ̣òϤƽĴС飬һ֮䲻Ѱӣ˹
ӿʮĲ԰ݣǸͷӣһȻϹ٣ǰģλүôˣʲôСģﻹûСĲϤ˼ҡ
񺵭ͷָʮߺŵپֻһ
һʮߺţ죬ǵˣһһֹ
Կףǽȥ鿴
ԵЩӣȴǰԿ׵ݸòȻˣһĺˣпᶼͬұԹأլԺҲޡ
΢һüȵòǰ߲ţֻ֨ѽһһƬǽչ¶
ԺǽѾ޾ס߲ķϣȴԽưֲܿݵǽڴ㶼Ѿճɽֻ̿ݶƬµģ濴ȥ̫ˡ
һլԺܼҵҪԴ䣬խСͥԺڻһֻʣһڹСԼһѷŲ
䣬δջ٣ԵúǿɣһõլԺ
ֻ̲УȴҲڹٳ꣬ʮʮعٳȷʵЩҵס
˿˾꣬˱죬ôڸ֮ӦûǮӹòѡ
վؽڵԺУһ翴⴦լԺʣ֪˴Ǻ⣬Ϊλ𣿡
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һѹǴྩǨƽľвδ鵽ˣԭǸ˼ᡣ
ӦĻ˴ͬԭӴͬǨƽ͸һЩ
ɲ鿴ԷĻ
ӳüС˵ˣף˺Сľͬ˵ʵǧƽĹү˵
˽׿ϣӲ˵ˣССģò˵ĻٸҲ߸⻧ǿʲôǾʲôǷ޶˵ǴͬģȴһྩٻСһˡ
⣬ͣ飬ձƣǾûˡ
ţ˵ǣ֪֪ˡ
˿˵Ҫҳ£СҲǵô
ʱǷеòƽƽҲʮµͣӵǳ㣬˽ҲܺͶСˣƽϥҲãСľΪϼʲô£ű
һ˺üլԺһѹѹ۾һꡣ
ʣ֪Ƕʲô
˵ǵõģеĽ꣬ĺ꣬СĲ֪ʲôֻ֪֣Сһ㶼ӡ
ʣɼǵǵģӵݿʲô⣿
Ƭ̣ü˺һŵˣ˵ʵʱ̫ˣСҲǵãֻԼǵӴп룬ΪϱӰֹ˵˵Ļ̫
ġ
ʱѾȷϣλӾ죬Ҳ졣
϶ٻЩ糾˱㱻˵ġ
һ꣬Ҳ˵ȷʵҪڴ˴Ӫ
˵
Ӵ˿͵ǣɾƽҲûŲɾдһֺ֣̣͸¥˷ϻ׬ЩǮɣУȴã˲Ƭ˵ӹɫ
ֻϧҲЩϧֻϧ¾ͳ¡
ʣʲô£
˵˹鿴ǷҲǲ鵽갡Сļǵ£һպ˴꣬ɾѰСģСļûӣСȻ֪֮ƽɾѰˣСҲǵѰ˼գɾȥٸ˹١
ҲûһɾһӾû˾˾¥Ĳ£ԹڼУ¹⾰ʧְԼ˼С
عͷӣԼ˵˵
ӽʾ֭ŵСԼǵãʱΪɾ귿ӣСľûôܣ˭֪ӲˣɾûûҹңǱ˹٣֮Ҳô
˵ʹ죬û
񺵭ֻ˵
Ӳ˵ٸҲˣʵɾѰСģСġСʶЩѣܰѰˣʹǮСľ͸ǣǣߣС˵̫ңʮվͷˣǮҲûҪ
ʧȷʵ⣬ƽûʶϳžҲδ飬ôܲµѾ߳£֮ѰôգٸѰôӦǷˡ
ӵɾԼԼ˼УʱƲǺܴ󣬵ȵȻӸϵʱݸţͻ˻𣬲ŷɾԾƵʱѾ̳Ӵ˵յ棬
ӣǲҡ
һ˾ôһӳû˿ڣܲô
˵ֹô£
˵ȵѵ¸ܡ
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һιȥö꣬Ժǽ߲ҲӣᶼⲻۣСľؽԺǽȴٲ
ӼԼãľǵ⣬ڻ£±ʮ
ˣٱˣλòȥãʵдһݿڹǡ
ˣưլֻʣ½ˡ
񺿴ô룿
ϲϲȴܼᶨǱ꣬ʦ㣬ҵˡ

Ҳ벻ǻ⧲Ѱꡣ
һͻװôҲȥʧ˿ھڣֺסڴ˴
̾ʱҲҲ
ϲԴҳԩǣŻʱĽգһһ
ڤڤ֮У⡣
֪ΪҪ꣬ʦҪ飬Ͱĵûκλɡ
˿̼ʦչ¶ЦգҲĻϲֻһʵﲻЦݣȴýһۿ۵ϲá
֣Цͻл㡣
ҡҡͷֻ˵ǽãʦ˵л֡
˼򵥸п䣬ȥ
ңŴǷеá
˵ţҲ࣬ͿʼѰ
УѾյĿȫڣΰͳһڽϲĽ̿㻹ʲôֵǮҲߣʣµĶʵûҪĲˡ
𴦣յݣʲôûʣ£ֻзǿ֧ţ÷ֱӵ
˱ȥҲ෿Ҳ෿ӦǶѷʲģڴ·һ
˴ԶȻҲգȴ˿
¹ҲյòأֻѾȱţ˷ܴõ·죬ֻʣЩһľ¡
˿Ѿ࣬û
Ҳ෿꣬󿴵෿
෿ס޷һխխһͷСũʽ
ʲԱջ٣Ҳֻʣһڵʲôû¡
˲һ̣תһȦջٵһͷʲô¡
Щɥȴ˼ӷ˵һլԺֹ˵ÿˮʱͻй֮Է񣿡
ˡ
۾첽խСͥԺԺĴȥ
෿СѾջ٣ֻʣ̨ĹѾȡߣһĿ
Сľֻʣһĵ棬ݱһƬ˸ߵӲݣҵưܵͥԺһڵԺ˼
һǰߣǽӹһ㲦ïҵӲݡ
ޣǹؼ֮һԺ
Ž񺻰£صһʲôӲĶ
˶һۣһӲͥԺ俴һڱӲݸǵˮ
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濴ȥֻ߲̦ܿͺľס
ΪԼԺСˮںСֻľͰ޷ˡ
΢΢üͷӻȡӣ򿪺û΢΢ͣھϡ
򣬻㿪ʼȻ裬ŴӾ״ķ΢ڶ
ɼײδȫзڻˮڡ
̫խ˼ѻ뾩УҲΡ
ƽͬһ޶ԼǮˮôĶǿྮˮܳԣֻϴԡ֮ãҪˮ͵Ѱˮ͡
ǼھӦþǿྮֻǻķ϶ָ꣬ؿݲݣÿ쾮׸ɺˮˮͻоķھڻصԾ˹֮
Ϊ̫ңηķ˴ΪǿӲݴһڸǾڣʵ
񺴹խСľڣͻȻһͲҪջټȫΨһĶںδ
۾һŽˮ
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΢΢һ㶣Ƭ֮ȴҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳ֪ǷҲ޷ر϶ҪҵˣѾѾھ
ԣΪβһأ
һȡһˣھڴÿһשô
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ھխﶼ޷룬ô͸ȥשλþھдȥպÿ
ס䣬еذ쳣שܻһԵİۡ
Ϻû£Ͱǿש˳ש֮ذտ̽
һ̣˶ġˡ
СЩ
һذ׽һֻϣȻ֣̽˿տڴ
ʱͿڳһʵʵĺӡ
վȣŽǸϸ̽
Ÿˮֽף׺ֽһС
ΪһֱשУϲδжߣЩոӡ
Ϲͭüͷգһ£ذŤͭĹ˨֮滹и̴С
һϸϸҲ˵Ӷ굽жҪ
򿪺ӾͿһš
ֽŵýж򿪽ףһ
Ӷ鵽Ҳڶݲ˵ǿ֪޲ԡ
˫ֲЩǷ£ϸɣѹֶ겻
һһֿ
˵У̫ͬµ۰ͨ侰¸֤ݵĿڹڡ
֣̫ѧһţһңһʼ˵Դ²֪һ֮˽Ǹ˿ڹ
һ˵̫ӭ˾µ۵һ˵̫ϵѫͼıپµۡ
˽̫״ѧΪ˵ĿڹԼ̫е֤ʣ̫ͼپµۣԴ۹ң治֮ųն
̫Ӷʦھ̫ӣ˲ǣ壬ʾڣֻһԾ
񺿴˴档
Ž˫ϸϸţĵӿʹͲʣҪѹǡ
ˣæǰסļ򣬽صʦ㣬ޣް
񺿿У޵øγϣ
֮ʡڻУŸĸ׽һطе˶οؿĿžͲᡣ
ǿԸСŮȴд
ɼǵãĸöס۾񺣬ԺҪнΪףһļҡ
ĸ׵ֱģɶڽ˵ȴôůÿÿ
ĸ׶˵һ仰ǣ񺣬Ǽң游Ҹ㸸ףӴԺǽҵС㣬н񺡣
صطԺҲԼԼ߲ķ֮⡣
ɬȴС
ʮʹ࣬ĳϡ
һӰ⣬İ
һ̣ڶƲֻ֮ʣһƬȻ
ƶˡ


72 
·ʱֻꡣ
зһ,̫ңѰĺӿ¶ǲʱľ¡
Ҳ˺ѷε֮ʹ,ý䵽,ʮδһȴ
ýգٿ游,ľ£ܲʹ飿
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ͷ,Ӳ˲ǿЦ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷһûʲô飬,˿,ȴܸܵĹġ
ʦ㣬ʦ뾩ʱҲ,,޸ĸ,ʦΪŮҳ뿪ұ춼Ҫˡ
õʱн񺣬һֱԼߣԼȹǶλŵ¡
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ϸɾϵˮظ֮ɫǻؼҰɡ
ð߲Ŵ򿪣ǰӣ˵ȡ
ľϸϸУȻһڣڵ۷Ը䣬Ѹٻ˽ҡ
һΣ񺵱ûʲô˼ϴ£ֱӷ룬һغ÷ţһ߲´̴ľС
ĽѾˣʱ˰иӣĵһοڹ¼ŵ³֮ԸӯԶ߸߷ɡ
굱Ϊ˸Ӣҹ˯ţôӷǰβģ
ҵʱ̫Ѿ£һУ̫˿⣿˼룬ǾǮӯˡ
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ְѽһ飬Ȼףһֽ
˵ԶʮشҴҹȥֽرȻر
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볯ѫ󣬽ϳѦɽƫŵĹ㶼ûʮˡ
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źԼ£ͬ˵˼䣬ƲС˵ӣ˷ƽֻУվװѰСӦ˲ǡ
ʱѾ侲ҲѦɽ˽£Ҳƽ˳
ϴ꣬Ҳ쵽ʳʱ֡
磬С˷ʳȥԺԼƮҡͬǰ
ʱûֻĵѩ
ҲõȶֱӷԸСѾϷȻ˹˸
Ѿˮ˿˿ģν⼸Ӷһһƽ
񺳤óԣҲøһȥ
ͬ˵ŻʹŲ
ţһ°׳е˽ࡣ
ִһһͷնߣҲΪΡ
ӣ̧
ʱѾЪнװ磬°׳ĵ񣬾Щѹӵʡ
Щıɷͷϵİ񷢴ǡ
˫Ưһ۶񺣬֮̽⡣
ʶƫͷȥǲִٵβ֪ԼǷ񻹷źΡ
Ϊᳰһ߾յͬһҪ²̹
Щޡ
ֻǿ˫һ･Ц
ջп֪ӿ͹⣬Ϊȥһƻ𣿡


73 
Ȼû뵽
Ϊ˻һֱĮԶ,һֱֵصྩŰݡ
ȴȥơ
գգ۾ãȻ̧ͷ,˶
ǳǳЦ,һĿʣֻҪһķͻǸĵ競١
Ž񺣺ôӿɻΪ
ܰ,ҶôǸСǼ֮ˣ
Ͱѽ񺶺õһۡ
ֻһ۵ɳȥ,ﲻס۵Ц
ΪȵͷΪĵͬƴڻǰеıƴɢ,ĵĿƽλεЦɢ
ôһЦ,ҲŹЦ
ֳϣسŵ丫̰°ͣȻ˫һһ˲˲Ž񺿴
,Ǹˣ
Ц΢ͣ,Ҳ֪,ĿֻʲôҪǵЩĻš
Ҳпɣֵ,֪ˣ
𣺡֪֪,ֻǾʱ⣬ȥһҲػǣ
⻰˵õúˡ
ظ,ͬƽ,Ȼ˲Լͬյҹȥ,ԺֻҪᣬҲ˵
ǱȥɣһδС
ЩˣôܣƽྩһʱԺܷ㣬Ӿδ
׺æĸҪ£ܵҪ飬ҲˣܳԶʱƽ
⻰˵ð٣ʵ֮ʡܻﲻԶţôһֱھС
Ҳ֪ûȥֻ˵Щ÷ѣù˷Ǿȥ
ͷѾǿЩϷ
ʵϲ˶ź򣬴ýյʳѾȥֻʣƺС
ǰҪү˵ļӣûˣ˵Ȼࡣ
αװʵġ
ֱӱʣӿɽˣ
ζһۣðŵˣǴԸȥݣѾ㳹׽᰸
ԲʵϱҲȫ֪˱սᡣ
ǰ󳤴ʮİ˵Э֮¸ƣҲΪϲȤ𣺡δҹ£ƴ󹦣صУ¿϶Ҫ͡
˶٣һúŵŵˣΪҫȫӶ֣ʱΪͬǰʵͣ͵Ҳһҡ
һĸ˵ڣ͸һ׽֮⣬ֻļǱʲôһ£ģһ˵ϲ⡣
áЦҵĳׯãͿԸˡ
ЦЦδԡ
ùʳطֻһɫȹ˸٣ޱѡһ֦챦ʯʯĵüƤ𪡣
ôһ߳ʱػεν˶
°׳ѰеԽĶš
񣬲΢΢һЦҺÿ𣿡
ôһԣΪ˶ȣ˭֪һ㶼ں棬ԹϵҶӣµһˣ˭Ȳϡ
⻰˵ʵ̫ˡ
ԼУ񺻹Ǳ˵һ죬漴ĪҪ˵µһ˱ֻǹ
Цųǡ
һţ򽪼Ҿڻбϣ˲һ̱ܵ
ҲߵӿڣǱߴ֮
ǰƽһȥ֪ж֡
˳һ·ƻĵ
һ̣ǻԶɫ
ﳤϣŸɫĵƣơơƵĿ貵ĵƻӳƽҹա
һ̣ͬҫ
ǧٵƻ֮£ÿһ˰տĵЦǻϷޣǸոճ׵ޣֻŷ糵׷ֵֵܽǣ֮⣬дعˣһյһյƽľµյ
һƬ֣Ц֯һ𣬻һƬ̩񰲡
ྩĵҲȥҲ˵ƻԻͣԶƽĶࡣ
֡
ͬʫһ㣬תһҹ衣
˻ŲͬһӾҹ磬ֻöϱһУЦ˷ӿʱֱ䱯ʹ±
ƻԻ̩ͣ񰲣ʢȻ
ƫͷ˫ƯһҲǻԵʣһοֱĵЦ⡣
ûαװûи䣬ֻдĻϲ
񺿴ЦգҲ̲ס𴽽ǣһЦ
ôʱ˶ԭأ˭ûǰһ
ȻһЩ̵Ů𣺡ףС㣬㾹Ҳƽƣǰûɣ
һתͷȥͼһĸŸĸ첲ü
ǾҵĶүͶٷˣٷһ¹ϵãƲ߽񺡣
صƽƣԭܵ⣬ڴ˴˽
һ»һһãһһʣվһǽͯŮǲʶˣһ䡣
ʲôģ˭֪
Ҷٷ˼彪ǰЦһɬ̲סԼ
ͷһüЦ⣬ȴŲһ½ŲһЩһ̣ס˶ĸ첲
ϸı۰ʵĸߴ󣬴ʱһ°׳ϣ˼Щɷ֮
֮ϴЦЩѹӵȡ
ҪӣȻżǴ췭ظǰҲúͺܰѲϲǵá
ڽ񺿿һֱ̣ۣýס
һ⣬˱һǸϷǰȥ
Цٻ⣬һ⣺ҵ˭ԭ㣬ôҲƽƣ
ٺܿ죬ٷ˵ᣬűŶ֪ˣǼ£ƽƵİɣ
ҿɲһ
Ҷүţ³ǳ˶ʲô½ޣǽʹ񾩳Ҳ֪ѾķʵְƷľ쳣ҫˡ
Ҷٷɣý˼㣡
ǸƢæĸ첲СȰ㲻öƣҿǼҵĲȥɡ
źݺݵ˽һۣ߷߲ƽɷˡ
һߣɿ֣ȴ˶첲ɿ֡
ͷؿ
Цһãӣҷֻһأ
Ͼƽ˽еĴԹڶܾ࣬ͻԤˡ
һ٣漴߬ס˶ĸ첲
վˡ
пµĶ־üЦӣҲˡ
Ƿ֣ͬѰǰ˵С
룺Ҳ


74 
кܴ,չʾյ̯λвС̷,Ǽõճ,ྩƽеСʳ̽㡢ʯȦ̯
˷ܣһ̯λ,ʲô򣬲ҲаƬ,ǰЩСⶼŻȥ
ô򣿸ոǸеľ񲻴㣿ʡ
ȴҡҡͷǶСӵ⣬˵Ҳǿ,ؼָû档
Ŷһ,Ҳδִ
һ·ͷ䵽βӰ˵Сû򣬽ȴ˼յö,ҪͽlμͶμӯ
Ȼ,ԼҲһյ
,ҲƯİ״յӳ޳Ρ
صʱһ˼⣬ǰ,,źٷ˹ңҪС¡
ǴæˣҲҪȥʲô,ձͷ,ͻ˵һ䣺Щҡ
ý˼,ԡֳһϹţδ
⿴˿ѵ÷Ըһ䣺ǵñˮҹү˯
ˣԸʱЩãȻ漴Ƶһۣæǣٷ˷ģСס
˯¡
һҹ˯磬峿ʱɫڶƲУԸ
֮⾲ĵģ񺰲һ˯̫˿Ҳ˯ţƿᣡ
ϣ沢ǻްɫȴһǾޱڴǰš
һյǾޱơ
εϲôĿӿƿ˴Ųľذϣһյǰ
յͨ죬ÿһƬҶ͸ĵģоȼһǻ𣬰յҫù財
ͬҹķǣÿ˹ҵ·
ϲյơ
ͷ濴˺һᣬϵЦԽãͬյһ㣬ÿ˾ϲ
ĶƿţСô磿
عͷü۱ƵҪһƬ財
񺻹δʣƾЦˡ
ңߣ֮󣬱ȥѰЬ
С㣬ҹС˯֮󣬹үŻҲ֪ȥȴһյơ
Ƕ֪ģϾЩѵЩ
ʲô
룬үû˵ΪҪСƣү˵֪СϲǾޱصѡһյ
Ŀ䵽һյϡ
ľ峿ţɢҲŰ
̲סЦǺܻѡһյĺƯ
ƼˣҲǸˣС˵С㣬Ҿùүܲ
ĿŲŲ䵽ϡ
һ𳤴ʮ⾰Щ˲˵Ǹ˵ġ
ǶԽʵ⣬ҲԽ硣
ס֣Լߡ
Ʊ˵ӣС㣬֪йǣŻµʱ´ͻʱүδԣΪΣ֤үϿɹүƷġ
ˣԽ֮ʡƢԲüжŮʹࡣ
һµദʵѾ˽˶Ϊˣ֪Ϊ£ҪڳһӵܵòڼУʵӲ֣ɫ⡣
ֻȼԼЩ£湷ƨͨǶĻ
Ϊ£ȴ˿֪ɻ棬һദ˺棬ȴʡ
ͬԼҲܣҲԼɣ棬ȴҲʧ
ǰ۶ڼʵҲͺӲΪڰ참ʱз㣬㡣
㱳ܵĽ񺣬ҲὥΣβ֮໤ֻǸֵĺˡ
һ˺ûֻҪ۾ֶܿߡ
۾䴿δжߵߵĳеֻеĹ¹һҪֵľġ
֪䣬ԽϤҲԽ˴ˡ
ǰ참ʱֱö˵׶Էͼĸоúá
һ˵ϡ
䲻ϣȴҲڲ֪֮侹޷ӵĬ
Ĭ˰참ʱΪ˳֣°빦
ţ뵽նͬģ
ǽһοôķеЦȫŭɢ˫һҲû˴ů֮⣬ֻʣ´̹ǵĺ䡣
ί
˶˵µõȫΪζҪѵʱĽ񺲻⣬ʱǲġ
ڣϲ˵һյǾޱͽ⣬ȻͶˡ
ףҡ
ΪİΣҲܴѯʰļıԶֻͣȫ󣬶ĻҲѹס
ԲŻôװɡ
յ£ЦȴôҲղסƾЩЦȴۡ
˵ʵڴ͵ͻȻүҲ֣֮ܿүƷ㣬ҪòڣֱǱá
ƫͷƵǵ񣬲һЦ
ɵѾͷôʲôʥϴͻ飬룬Ǳܿʲʺϡ
һίԼɣ
˵ʵЩ⶯ˣüͷչС˵С㣬ʵ˵үǷ񳤵Ϊ
⵹ǣƵ
Ц֮ǰ˾ϵСĻ£СףʵҲܹģСڶμҹòã֮ǰǻظ˻ū澣ūһźС㣬Сòãͻȥ
ĸʮֶݣղˡ
Ʊ˵СͬүúõģӦҲᰲİɡ
ȷʵˡ
˼Ƭ̣ǵ֪ˡ
˵Цȥյơ
Ļ򱻽񺴵ֻʣӨ֣Ǿޱ꣬ԽԽϲ
ȻЦ֮ظء
ܵͣȴҲ壺ƣ˵Щ£ǷҪ֪үһ
Ʋ֪Ҫ£ȴū澲Щ£С˵ʵһʹү
ūΪүҲǲҴŵӣͬСһֱֱˬСͬү̸һ̸
Ͼֻһˣ㻹н֮ʡȰв̽İҲò飬н֣ܻ鵽
ǣڶ࣬һñҪǣȫ壬ԼҪ᲻ý
ˣ˱۾̾˿ˡ
Խ֪ԽãΪңΪңҲΪ
ƸոЦ˻ȥûиֻ̾ʱ磬Сæȥһɡ
ˣûϷȥ
ýϴ֮󣬱ԺС
һţͿһѳԺ
ԼУֻһ̺֣ʵĸ첲¶룬Ķչ¶
ǿһۣ̲סٿһۡ
Ȼã˵е
ҪǿǶ

ֻһ˲ͱɢ
ɶŲϿֻһۣע⵽ڿԼ첲
оЩЦȴδԳֻѳջأһǰ
һɢƱˣ񺵹Щࡣ
õĵЩζôһҡͷ
տ˵
Ҫ񱣬ʱЩϡ档
ϸ˼ղʾãԼȥƣԼһյƣΪ£
ڷǼ鼴ŲֻΪ͡
˵ɣк£
ܵӵĿ⣬ɴ΢̾ӻϻۣʲôӲӷۡ
̲סһۣ漴Ͻȥԡˡ
öˣϵЦûɢƵſۣȴ͵͵Ц
С͹ү㣬ʵȾЩ޶Ҫ
ԡܿ죬ʱ㻻һɾ汼ȴһ㶼ûɹڣÿÿǳŵĳΪǽϿĿ
ߣһʳ
˶ԣȡ㹽Լֱߡ
ùֱ˳ԷٶȲ
Ҳʣ˫΢һ۲ҵϣֱ΢΢һ١
ӣЦԺǿʲôʶĪҪ򿪣һҪ˼ٿ
ڼУ仰ҲΪȴһ˲ţסˡ
ȷʵ֪Ҳһȥ˹Ӧò֪ԼֻĿΪʲô£Ż¡
ʾã棬͡
˼ϸ壬ҪοҲﷴԼķʽѹ
˵ʵȷʵοˡ
һҹȥѾָ񣬿ʼĥһҪߡ
񺻺̧
棬˫һгƶͶ࣬ÿ˵ʱģ
öˣףƵɵʵȴǸ˭ˡ
񺴹̾˿ȥɡ
ѾСǶ£ƺҲһ⣬̧
ʱҲ쵽ʲô¿ӣĿ峺񺡣
ᴥë΢ٶȴ
ӣлҪͬΪ˵䣬ȴ͸޷ӵĹġ
ûٿ
ǰһ붹ڣͲȥʲô
ȥ˵ʱһ˲ʧ
һ˲öץס
Ȼ֪иĹעҲڹʮߺеĿôһ׽񺱳иܡ
һֱ޳ĽëڵסߣҲϵڸ֡
ֻһۣ֪ܶԽжҪ
˼Ƭ̣Цһ¡
漴Ӱ˶ܣģҲҵġ
кȻһɣûģͬղôء
ɻʱǱ˴˶˵ãɣΪʱѾĬԷ񣿡
ûлش
ԹԵһദЯֹ׮󰸣˽⣬Ҳ˼Ϥ
ʶҴҲ֪ʲôӡ֪ᶨ¸ңĻ壬ΪưԲ߲ݣǸԱһǰǻϤһ£ҲһôǷǣΪҶ㹻˽⡣
Ǹֵĺù٣˵ɶԣ
һھһĿޣý񺶼Щ˼ǵδˣ⻰¹νӣ
Ļ񺲻Ծ˹ٳ
ӣֻлҳٶЦˣôࡣ
սҾͱһ仰ɢ
л˵ְһۡ
ЦȻŬЦ⣬ӣΪǿԽζԷԷ񣿡
üո˴˵˼ȴἰǲ졣
ΪԼЦ֪ʲôˣҲ˽ҵƷУ䲻֪ǱΪΣǿԿ϶ԷᱳӺԼԷ񣿡
⻰Է顣
Ҳ֪ΪΣǱĸǾľ鰸ĺù٣Ҳһˡƾ㣬֪ܲԼѡ
Լˡ
һ۱ܿҲͬ뷨ЦݲԽá
۾ҵܲȫ˵˵һ룬һ룬ԺҲҪϡ
񺿴ϵЦݣҲǳǳ𴽽ǣˣȻ
ղһۣ֪ζĬٶǲҪԣ˶Է˼
˿ڲ裬ŵ˵ɡ
Ƴһ۷ţ
˵ǣδԥֱӵ˷ƽǱҲ顶ñͼ䡣
˶٣Ӧû˵ͼͼǰü๤ռߣüĹŻѪиֹͼֽ۷壬޴ͼ๤Ѿ޷
ֱ壬һ˲˲
̾˿ͼʮǰ㶪ʧˣʱжңüʧԣͼ㲻֪١
쳣ϻۣöͣͼʼйأ
ص˵ͷŵͼһǧУúԿȴ޷򿪣ֻаͼϵķڲƻǧе´ǧС
һƻǧУĶҲһ٣޷޸
һʶʣʲô
մ˲ˮд֡
һּһ¡
񺴹˼Ƭ̧̣ͷˣҪ
̾˿һĨϵ֣˵ͷ
ûʵ۱ϵĶҪôǴλʥּҪôǴ漰ͳѾλۣҲ޷Ȼ֮
ӦñǴ㱻Ϊ̫ӣһ䲨ۿջǼ̳дͳΪ֮
λʱǲگ黹ǴлʵѶӵǰд۵Ļʵ֮λͳģǧУ̫ġ
ѾʮҲҪǴ֮¡
ۼרл󹬿飬òᣬδгɵĻӣΪۺǽ֮Ҳ⼸ֻܵȣԵɺϣȥ۲ŷԼһѾĶӣѾɵĻӲǹȹ̵ı֣ۺϲãΪ̫ӡ
ǧȴ޷򿪡
ڱͼһλ˴̽Ҫöӡ£һ⡭ҲΪҪδ̽Ϣʱ»ᣬ޷ȫȨѿسãţеꡣ
꣬Ѿɣȹ̣ʶ趫˾ΪѰͼ
۾ͼƽ
ͷ̾ӴϻۣĪ
άһ䣬ɫ飬ƽȷʵһͼͼƽ˺򻭵ĻʦѾʧ٣⼸սѰ޽
ԼѲľɵΪӦ֡Ǻݣƽͨ˭˷֪ȴпƽˣһʦΪҪ򱦼ͼأ
һһ£ĿģֻҪ֪Ŀģ˳ϣѰһ


75 
Ѱʱһ,һѰֻҪҵ˱,δȥƽʲô
۾һ,ͷǣӦѯʵƽǵʦǷʶôһ,ջ񡣡
Ҳиж
˶٣֪޲,ڲһ׮ɰǣ㣬С,»¶,һûŪɳ׾òҪ
ף֪֮,ֻòһ鰸
һ,ҪİӶչ,ϾǱǧֱǧҲаˡ
ô,°빦,ҽأҪʲôʲô,˱ܲ,ǼλȨĸҲС
˼,Ȼһ
ʱʹʵ۱ΪҪͻ񺣬ֻ˵ϲ񺣬Ҳϲ֮ʡΪ֮ʡŮȻǸù
˴ͻ飬Ǿð䡣
˲֪ףֻΪ֣ѵ֪ݣ֪ݣԲŻͻ顣
Ϊݣ游ĸ޷ѰԵһֱȥ˻ɣһʥּȴ⡣
ܣĲһˣˡ
뵽˴ô˵ԻĽ񺣬Ҳ뵽ˡ
˲ɾȵ̧ͷɻؿԷ
˵ƽϷαװ˿϶ǲ£˿оҲضá
䶼Щ죬ȴδ¶̫ԣֻɻԷ
ô㿴ңҿ㣬ȴҵĹ£δ˻𣿡
һ裬ǳǳһڣ뽲
갸Ӳò飬٣ٽʱҲ֪һµҪһˣ˵Ҳƽ
˵Ŀ⽻ӶԷп˲⡣
ѵһоɺϣ
ҪƽҲҪ˺ģܼ򵥰
۾ƽ֮ԭòһȥò鿴վڣ
ͷʵ̫ɣյƽǱôһ׮󰸣ҪѰڣұ飬һֱڡ
ԭˣʱô졣
̾˿ԭΪһ¶鲻ϲվܴǷΪ꣬ҶҪȥ鿴һ
ϲӣһá
ֻս񺷴Ӧ֪һ鵽
̾˿ǵʧٵ꣬Ҳ鵽µ֤ݣ֤ݡ
Цò顣
ûζޣҲⰸͬԼǷйأֻʣҪ֮£Ժ䲻ᱻ֮ڣҲǱ峯Ұľٴ룬±ȺԽĪ⣬Խľս
˶ȷϽ֮ǿͬ˵ġİƺ࣬ΪҪˣû취ֱ˵
϶ǣˣݲֱ˵Ѳ顣
׶Ǵ֪⣬ҲٲҴţ̹ʵ̹棬ҪңҲҪ㡣
˼֮󣬻Ǿ÷ţҲŰ֮¸֪
ЦˣȻ
˲֪ģüһᣬһЦ
Ц֮󣬽ŵͨҲ鵽һˡ
룬ҲӲ豭մЩˮдһѦ֡
΢䡣
˼Ƭ̣дһ̧֣ͷ񺡣
۾΢϶˵ͷǡ
üͷò顣
񺵹η޾壺֪ò飬˳Ŭ׼ƾͬʵΪ̡
̹ͬϣҲҪЭ
һ֮ǰῪڣͻҡͷڣȴδܾ
˼֮󣬵£֪
쿴
ӣ㲢ǹٳˣ֪ٳ£ٺʮأǱǰĺˣڸиˣϱλ˳
ǲν񺣬ǣѦɽܺҴӦҲóȻ¡
һû˵ҪʲôЩš
һ̹ϣŪҪǣ壬ҲѶμˮ
ʶдǺ󣬽еУ˼֮󣬲Żдʡ
δǰĻͦȥ
֮ǰңһ¸֪Ҳ֪
ˡ
˵⻰ﶸȻ
޶˽˼Լ£δｩӲա
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˼漴һĽ񺣺ȥæ֮»顣
δ˵䣬Ѵ۾￴˼ᶨ
񺲻ɹЦȥæɡ
Ц绨д⣬ҲЦˡ
һ
˵ţͿ첽˷ţֱҵȥˡ
һƣֱȥԺ
լԼҵģǲ˾
ҲδţҲڣһʳ
谮棬ϰ֮ˣʳԵա
񺲻ɴȤͳ绹ܲܳ·ȥ
һڻգе㲻˼Ҷˡ
ϥֻһӣڽ񺽼ׯϵ£ûŮϧ
⻰æѱϵİƣԺӣٳࡣ
Ҳɺ
£ͬ轲˽˵úǺٳδ˵趼
ȻЩ̾˿ѹѰˡ
ӵˣֱжϣȻѰˡ
񺿴豼գ˶ЩˣЩۣ⼸ʵ࣬Ѿ壬ٱ⼸ձߺú漸ա÷Ҫྩһء
˵գҲǡ
ȴĬƬ̣ʦ㣬ȥÿڡ
֮ǰϴ˲ڣѧܶ࣬Ծǳʦ㣬ҲϻۣҲ֣Ҫܲ׾ܲ׹常
ʮһЩ˫ʮ껪Ҳ׷ʦĽŲΪ壬ϴԩƹ١
񺿴üۣԼƹƵݸȥɣвɻҡ
лʦ㡣ѵչ¶Цݡ
ͬ˵˻Ż˶Ժ⼸ưȷʵЩ࣬Ժп飬Ъһգ㻺
ʱ֣ŷ糾͸ϻ
Ӧһգ϶ǻҳԼԼҲֻҴͬͷʾ⣬æ鷿ϴ¡
ԼʰɾŴżҳᱡ鷿
ջǲ鰸
ҡҷķ۰׺Ļ£ҡĵϷȣΪ
ߣһ
Ʒϵı֭ʡ
һڰ֭ȻЦһ
ӣǺá
ü֮Ц⡣

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ָԼһ֭˹š
ͷǰ֦ҶŰ߲ĵĹӰոɣҲ鵽Щ
ͳૣֻһ塣
ǰղǻʦʱδǺˣƽļʦҲ壬һһѰʣһҾ˵ǵʮǰиửʦƽ
ʦʵڣҲûʲô˵츳ȴǻӽƽ˺һ˵Լ˹ۣɻڴ
һ˼²⣺õˡȻдԹҪ⻭
Цˡ
ˣ·ӵĻʦ˶ӡ̣ҵǻʦ˾ƣҫ˵׬λ˻ֱܿӸ

΢ȴδԡ
ŵ飬ڴ˵ĩƽĴԹһˣ˵ġһ
һĺܲˡ
̲סǰ˴գ濴𣺡󣿡
ʱڼУϲδױɾ͸͸һĨ졣
Ļҷů紵ڶձߣԼ֪֪ʱҲһſա
ǿԼ۾һߣǣϸڱ㲻׸ɵı
΢΢üͷ
ֻһж̫˳죬˳쵽˾ò˼顣
ᣬǲӦӡ
һƬǰӦӡ
ӣһʼƽͨƽһϡ
϶Ͳɺˡ
ƽ֮ǰ໥˭Ը˵ʵȻʵҲֻ˵һ룬ȴǷస顣
ܺгǻƴճѾǶ˵
񺴹̾˿ϴδɺϣΪ֮Իһ£Ϊй֮ͬ
Ҳ˵Ҫİ࣬տͬһ˻ͬһˡ
˶һۣȴδԷеķǿ˶־
𹴴һЦӣȻˣǽһ鰸Σ
ҡȵһ٣üϵ鷢ĺۼ
΢ۺЦ⣺ô˵
ҪʲôҲ֪Ҫʲôǲ֪ΪӦ໥ͻ
˼Ƭ̣ͷʵ಻֪Ҫ£Ҫؼͬ
ãӿʵ棬ָ㡣
˿̣ȻʶĺƫôӣиϺ̫ࡣ
񺵹û뵽ͦθ׵ģЦҵҪ֪Ůôһܸˡ
һȴǵǹ֮ѫ֮ڳϵļʶţǳԹζ࣬ȻҪ˼ҵġ
۵Ц⻰Ҫȥҵǰ˵ҵ׼ˡ
ӷ죬ȴûٶ⡣
ȻǶҪȥǱŻܻлᣬɫһǼҵĵӣǷҪˣ
һʱӭǣʷС˵ѿŶ԰
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ЩظϲɫҲ룬ҾҿԲƹˡ
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ЦҡҡͷˣҾƹʵЩ鷳ԭûͻ飬ֻƹٵòʾˣҳ˽ˣʱٸͷ档
һ˼׹Ҫƹ٣
üһ䣬Цղãǡ
ºð켫ˣԽͬĹϵһܰס
̾ԺǷͬһ𵱲ˣޣô⡣
ĸ֣ﲻסЦʲô
Ц࣬Ťͷȥ˵Ŀһ𣬶ܿԷ貵Ц⡣
һ̣ղĻعͷټȥ
һҡҷͷϵĻһǻԡ
Уůڡ
Ǵƽģ˰Ӿͻྩǿɡ
ƽסգʵʵϼգȻٻྩҲ١
ҵĵճʲôʱܷӣ׼һ֪ظ󹦷
Ȼƽֱʱྩʼ㷢ȴΪճѦҫӵĴ£ʮ١
˸ֲƽ뾩Ҳʱ޶ƽִգšĥĥ䡱ྩ
˸մƽڼϢһգ㻨֦չš
ոպٷҲɢģͷׯ·ꡣ
˷ޱߵıЦݺģѽٷˣò㶼ˣôѦȥƽأ
ЦúǇNɪͬ˵ƽ죬һ㶼ȡ
񺻹˵ʲôȴһۣϻԶ׼ćNɪٷ˻֪ɣҹʮ٣ʱм磬֡
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ЦŵҪΪνҪׯΪ˵
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ѦɽϥֻһӣѦҫ棬Ӻأӣз֣ϣŶӶϱúýһ
»ϲľǴ¡
ѹһͷλŹⲻһƼ񺣬
˳ѦңѦԼģ鼫ãׯ󣬱͵һ˼ҡ
ҵʱѾĺʱ֣ϼһƬȾ˰졣
ҿˣһƼܻȥס֡
ܻıӣЦѾͷȥ˻ʮ²֪ؼҡ
Цŵⲻǻˣһ游ǲТ˳ˣ
ܻЦɫã⣬ЦͬŮ˴󰸣
˸ƣɴİˣһص˱ʹͣҾТ
ܻͬ˵Ц˺һ˵鷿ȥɡ
¥תС鷿
鷿֮ʡڿӡ
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֮ʡüһɣűҲЦҼҹŮõġ
صˣˡ
ŮЦ䣬ЦŨ鶼Ǽá


76 
֮ʡ̧ͷ,ͿŮĵЦ
Ҳ۾ЦˣĹ˵˵
첽˷,ԹӲ,ֱ˵괦õ
̴ľеݸ֮ʡʱ˫ֶǶġ
µ,ֿ֤,˵ĿڹǱʺĹġ
ڹģҲֻ˵һʼ˵ʵϼʺŸ˿,ζܽݺ̫
֮ʡû˵,ֻСѺеĽֽȡȿ˽Ȼչֽ
һֽ,ƺǼʮ˿
֮ʡ,Ĭ,ŵ񺣬ΪҪβ飿
˶٣ףѵЩƲ
,Ҳ֪
Ҳ֪ٳϵЩ,еĳ佫Ҵֻ֪ЩҲԼ֪һ֮׹ϵ,,ȴ֪
֪,֪жкˣǡ
΢΢һ٣Ƕġ
ͻȻǺзյģһͬһưԼδͬԣһ׽Ժܽĸ׺游֮˽Բ֪
һ֪Ҫ£ʵס
ʹ͹ʱ̸׸׶Զͣ޲ϲʶдһԡ
Ȼ֮ʡʱ̧
˵Ҳɣ֮ʡҲһ˫ĵۡ
üĿǳſʣŵнʿʱֳȤʮȥɷ棬˼֮
ͬŮ˵ˣ֮ʡǲδֻЩ졣
ܳϿңδȫ˵ֻ˵ڲ鰸ʲôӣȫ֪飬Ҳڲ鰸һ֪ڸס
֮ʡüѵЩȣŮң
˵״һָܰȷ·
֮ʡ΢֪Ҫ˵ҪЦǸ̾һ䣺Сӣҵй֮޲
ƨĹ򣬶
涼û¶Ц˻
֮ʡһİͬ˵˵
˼Ƭ̣Ѱһ顣
ʵҲû˵ȫֻ˵ҪͼҲ˵ΪҪͼͼζʧζʧмк쳣һδᡣ
ñͼʱ֮ʡüĿ΢˹֤ݷŽУȻŵȽ棬Ժ顣
񺱾ǻؼҰ֤ݵģиױ֤Ƿġ
֮ʡԶİӲδиྪȣֻǳ˼Ƭ̵¾˰
Ϊ̲ɣ۵ĸس֮ʡ֪ܱȽͶ࣬Ƕ۶Զθе˼顣
ǣñͼǣһ£Ǳǹҡ֮󣬶ҡñͼǣɰ˵ײ֪
֪µľʮˡ
֮ʡ˼Ƭ̣ŵˣ֪ŮһҪУмɵŮȻ֪ǿһ𲢰飬Ҫ
֮ʡһЦȲ飬ܲʲô
һϲʣҴ飿
ľ߾ͰһĿȻֻҪΧ߲飬֪˭ɱ
˵ҪҲ֪Ҫʲô
֮ʡ˼Ƭ̣ʦҺڼʦ֮伣궼ѶһҪѦɽͬδйϵҪ֪򱦼ͼãҪʸ˭
֮ʡɫ΢Ҫ֪ྩͬ˭ߵý
񺼸Ҫϵѿڶ֮ʡȴҡҡͷ˵ѦɽʱҾܾЩΡ
ѦɽǷΪϵˣǷָʹݺʦǶҪͷ飬ٳϵΪ赣ģֻҪܷ鵽֤ݡ
ʱӵǾ񲻼ãСϣ߽̫½޶
Ȼһ꣬ѹʱͬҲȼսδսսɳҾԱܣ˰ɵܲ飬ǽ·뼾ֱӳʸӵۣӵŭȴڸ
Ǳ߽սϣսɳñ߹ذѹţѹ֤ȷ䣬ðδ֮
ӵ۵ҲδŭڣֻܴļҾ죬Ȼһ¡صĹɥȶ˱߹ء
֮󣬵ֹ̫µ۾ɲʱ̫£µѧ飬ȴҲ˸ŭڵӵۡ
µ֮ĻԹ˵֮ĽϻʱʧӵеֻԹޡ
̫ȻͬµŵͼҡҪ־µŹλӵ޷͡
֤֮ȷ䣬ӵ۵ûзŹԼ̫ӵʦŹλ¸ص̫
ӵ۱Ǹٻʵۣ֮ǰֱ꣬˽󰸽Сδ꼰塣
Ѳ⣬û˿ԵȻ֮
һĳ֪͢ҰΣҲһ֮꣬ʡ֪ǧʧ
֮ʡɫͼͬʦİйأǣ㣬Ҫϸѯ˰Ѿȥ꣬ҲҪ̫ļͼ֮Ϊϡ
ʮ궼ˣҲѳˣ֮ʡȵ֪ŮҲȵ
ʹͷŮˡ
֮ʡԥƬ̣һ֮ǰͬ޶ĻȥŮǧжʧѰأͼͬ궪ʧӦڼҪǧУδüͱѰء
Ůϸһ鱱˾ľɵԲ鵽֮ʡǺҪСΪϡ
۾ˮͷһȴЩʡ
ʱ鵽Ǻ°֮ʡЦˣȰصɵѾͷʲô
Ӧø˲Ŷԣʦİ˷ĿܣǼղñǴ¡
֮ʡĿȰңζҪЦѡ
ͷ˲۾ûп޳
֪ģҲأıǡ
֮ʡٶüһ˲˲ŮҲء
֮ʡЦˣҪǸô˵׼ˡ
Ҳ֪ģĪҲָ糣Ҫ˵ȥˡ
֮ʡδֱ뿪ϸĶãŲĵŮ鷿
ý¥֮ʡ̴ľУһǰŤϵһյɻƣܱһŷ졣
֮ʡľ˽ȥȵȼƣȻŰľϸϸãλǰ
ʦʦĸ֮ʡȥд񣬡ϻۻѾ鵽˵
֮ʡһɷǵĿϣڸֳɱ
һһٵ꣬ǱܸʦЩߣߣٲ˷ˡ
ʮ꣬Ҳʮĸʱȥܵظˡ
֮ʡ˵ţеɱ
һѦɽ


77 
ϲδ÷,˶μңǻԷǰͥ
ʱڵྩ,ʱ,÷촵֮󣬰յȱ֣ˬࡣ
һЦԺ,ҲͷЦ
˵
񺿴üĿЦȴЩ,Цҿ㵹ҵȴôң
һ֪,˲,ӣ֪Ҳ£
Цˣ,ȡͱõ򻨲,ʲŰѽ֮ʡĻ渵
֮ʡ,Щݣĩ˵лָ㣬Сһúõ,˼Ҷ
Ƴһ,ЦҽŪǺվȥô,ɣ
ͷ,ΪϿңʵ
֮,ͬ˵˻˳츮£ŵ游ĸɻˣǴƽҪȥݼ
游ĸղŹ飬ϰ˼磬ȥݼɡ
һ˱㲻żһùʳһ£ŸȥЪ
ô峿°ԼྩҡĵȥҲ
նں󹬴ţϥ¿տգĵýһȥܸˣֽһ֦
ʱ֦£ӱֻһ𣬳Т˳̫ģڹ
ʵ۱³ԣûôϲŹ
ֻͲٳˣЦſл˼ǣƹٵݱزܳãƶｨҵģҲܺ޽
ݺѽ֪ͣȴԵúᣬüһЦſ񺡣
ػװ鷳˵ֱӾ͵ƹ٣µּ˭Ҳӣ
ɬһЦⲻøﶪ˵Ҳ֪ġ
˶ӣֻ˵˰䣬ﵹѵϵķâҲЩȻ
Լ˶ϾҲ޷´ƹ֮ƹٱྩɡ
л˵ţ񺣺ѾͷΣϲӦҲй֮
ߺ
лˬʴЦ㶼׹һˣɲ¼ʲôأ
˵˺һְƽİӸúýһ飬л㣬ùһٷʢʳ֮󣬲ŷ
ոµҪģ־˹
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μҵλڳ겻ڼңȥƽʱ˼ҲȥׯϱˣղŻ
뽪޵μѾ˽һ£ʮվûǼأ˵ľǾһա
ˣѵûЩš
һһˮɫĶȹİȹҡҷ࣬Ե񻣬תޡ
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ԭŨױĨȴڸòʵײ͡
ս˴һ֣Ŀͱȥδڡ
ǰȻס֣ü۴ЦΣ
֣֮侹ö˵ʲôʱһ񣬶֪˼
Ҳ׶⡣
Ȼֻ˵֣һԾ˶ϡ
á
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ྩѫǰǰӣ˶μȻҲı䣬һûԲŽ̽𣬿ηӦ
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⣬תһ룬ЩõĴŽǹΪֱˬֳϿң˼ϸ壬ϻ۹ˣʱǸҲ֮С
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ʱ˺ү򸾺ӷ򸾣μϤһ衣
μڽߣüŪۣɩһƽûȥѽ
ɬһЦһѡ
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С˵ɩôҲһȤ
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λ˶пݣ㾴赱ôһ⣬Ҳδѵ⣬ο˽񺡣
ͬϾѾɻ飬ǻϴͻ飬ӹúͺһ׮Ե̫̫Ľ֣Ȱؿ֪ǺúӣҲǣܹá
񺲻ЩݣͷЩһʼ̫ڣ游ĸˡ
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ݣܿȷʵĵǸ񺣬Сû˵ϣĸϾ׵⺢úãûᣬҲ㣬ұദһ¼ҡ
ǰЩʱһЩĵģǲٵˡ
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ǶǴӣҲͨ͸ҪǶ˵ʲôԼܰӹá
ҿɷء
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С԰轣ʹãһ׽磬䡣
ͥпһջسæתֻǰ
ѽŻؽУ̧ͷһۡ
ãƵᣬǾޱǰһٻӰ
ð
и̾

ùʳѡһĹ߳һڣӢˬ
ǡôıȹվһЩƮҡһˡ
˸մƽڻƽӵʹͻûƽƴ󰸵ϢѾྩ
޶˵ִʱͩǳˮĹܼҸүѦҫһվſڣЦӭÿһλ͡
ͬҺͶμҶϤ֮ʡͬѦɽ߶ĴҲͬֻнͶǱѦٷӣصع١
˼ң඼ףֻЩϤһЩ˵ϼ仰еı֣ͷޡ
μҵſͣʱǰ󼸸Ⱥ˶ԼԼ˹
ڿȻǶ
ǰΣǱǰĺˣյϽʹԺǰ̾Աˡ
ˣЩ˱̸䡣
ǰΪƲӵܱǳԼǰô
ڼͷ棬һͽᣬְöʺãֱǿЦ
ȥЩ˼ʵĿ⣬ߣЦų֡
һ̣һӰǰ
ղδŨױһƬذףֻϺʹĵЩ֬ȴĵòǡ
֮鵭ĮֻʱЩů⣬һϲ
ͬһЩ˵ȣֱѦҫŹܼǰǰ
Ѧ֣ϲϲЦ
ѦҫһŷغΪҲܵǽٺǧڹٳһ㽻ޡ
ˣѦҫδ֮λʱҲѦҫϹ١
˷Ц٣ǸӣѦҫ˫۾Цл֣ٷˣλ룬һ͵ٷˡ
ͬ񣬱㱻Сſ첽ߡ
ͬҵİƣǰͥԺĸ֣ǰд͵ǰ᷿鷿ԺһüҾסլԺլԺм仹С԰
԰̨ͤˮ鿣ʱڵٰڴˡ
һ¶棬㱻ͬĸһ͵Ƽµ㳯Ž
㵹硣˵
٣ǷٷҪǰ٣ܳٵ
ºһЦЩԸ֮ĿԵЩСˡ
ǹ٣µҲ֪עⳡϣδִֻͬǺݺݵһۣͬȺһߵѾߵμٷȥܰԷ
ϯһŮϯŮܰԷпˮͤš
ͷ˿ɿ֣ұȥˣٳЩƣϸȥͷۡ
Ҳᡣ
Ҳǣϯҡ
˵ٯٯԽ䣬ֱǰ˽ܰԷȥ
Ƴһۣѯʣ£㹫أôûˮͤͣ
ǴǣӦˮͤͣʱȴӰֻʣԼٷںԺӭ͡
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˼ԭˡ
°ͽܰԷĹźŸϽ˳
Ҳ룬Լѡ˸ٵλϻǰĹˣȥ˵ȥˡ
Ҫʱܵȴһֱڴ˴׵ȣ˻԰еСϷ̨ϴһϷܰԷҲ˲̡
ǻྐྵӣǳӣһ߿Ϸһ˵л
иʮ߰ĹǸеС㣬ͬƢͶҲǴĸûʣĵúǳڡ
֣Сյ˽ߣҲ֪ģôҪʱʱˣЩڷҲãҶЩˡ
ʵ磬΢ʣҲǺΪβڣ¿нͣ
֣СҲôӣԺǿɸʲ𡣡
Ѧҫ˺üˣҲûҲ֪⡣
֣Сקקĸ첲˴սЩ֣Сŵͬ˵˼䣬֪˳µ˿ס֣ի䣬ҹͬ׾콲ؼƽꡣ
ⳤھкǾлɥȢ£³£붯µס˿մʦҲȷʵֵҫһ
ͷЦǺ棬ѹྩôѡ
Щ˼ƲٵҲ٣ܰԷˮͤУš
ų˶еġ
⻰֣СЦһֹͬ˿ʣһӽּǼҾѹ˰⾰Σ˭֪ء
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صüС춼ϣǲҲ޷̽ϢΪ˲ݾߣΣҪ̽ЩϢġ
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˹Щ£е½ϢҲӼٲμྩϯ
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⵹ˣҲأЦ˵Ҳ֣ӣңôôг
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⻰Щˣһ£˶һۣ֣С´һ
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̲סЦˣҷǼá
ӲǫƢһ˵֣СأЦܰԷ˽Կ
һ£ел
һξ͵ʱ֣ǳһϹӶһյҲδ
˱ǸӣűĬԣͣбѯʣŪΪţѾˡ
ҿѦҫڳһ氲ͣһߴߴٹܼң壬ɷȥһ߸ףЩ
ѦҫͬһӣҪҵЩȵģ˿̵Ҳܶס
ĹܼҲڲͣͣ˷æ񣬿첽ȥ
ܰԷλñˮͤҪһЩڴϸƬ̣ͼˮͤһӰ˾ٱ
̲סЦۣҲؾ
֣С㳰Цϣ˭ʱźŲˣǸ竣񵹺ãǵǶɷˡ
㷳ˡ
֣СЦõϣ˵ҪЦ䣬Զ㴫һļС

Ǽ֮Уľźͺ¡
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78 
ɫһ,Ȼȥ
԰бвС,һ,Ƕԥԥƺ֪Ҫ¡
Ż԰,ͬһۣعͷ͡
ͺȻҲ,Ƕ֪Ҫ¡
Ǹ侲ţǰͬ˵,Żع,п£ȥ,úϯ,÷
ɫ΢,Ҳ֣С濴ȡһ
̴Ƶݵ֣Сǰʱ֣С㶼ˣѽ,ô쵽ģ
̬,㶺Ժͬϸ
˵ֱ꣬Ӹ¥
¥,㿴ܼͬվһ,ͬѦҫ̸
ĽŲ,̧ͷȻ֡
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Ƿ޾Ĳ£ҽǡöô£ͺѦҫɫѿ
ҳ󲻵˶ͣðգȫྩ֪гʲô¡
ѦҫҪڣСģԺ鷿˾ͬǡö˰ҪһЯư
ˣѦ֣λģн˾˳츮ڣ˰һ˳ơ
ý֣ɫѿ
룬ɫȥ˾˳츮õľ룬Լ֮ڱܵڽ˳츮ִ֮ǰ˵ȣλýԺ鷿
Ƕ࣬˻˵꣬㿴񺣺ˣˡ
񣺡δˣˡ
һͨ꣬ŽԺȥʣ˲ֻܸɵۡ
Ϲܼסүˣλڻ԰סֻͣ˵С˷֢޴󰭣˱ɡ
ūǰȥźλˡ
һţǰ˰סˡ
һߣų̺ܿ죬Ǹ·СˣϢ֮Ժǰ
˵Ҳɣոȥ˵С˻ſɪɪһʮҲϵԺ֮ڡ
Ų΢٣˵ͷҪԺǳ⣺ʲôˣɽ롣
ɫһ䣬ƺſˣǲү£Ųү£ź򡣡
Ҳ˵ոҲԺڡ
ƳһֻۣԺ˵ȽԲܽԺȡ
ǹɫԽѿƺҪٱ⼸䣬ĿʱҪϵƣųױ졣
С˿ܺţ˽ͬ첽Ժ
ԺͬԺͬԵЩϾɣҼΪտ˼Ҿߣ衣
ҲỨƿڼֻޣһ۱ܿͷ
ԺҲ㣬һ¥ΪҡҺ鷿¥ԷҲһ޶
һüͷԡ
ͷﲻԣ
ͬһ鷿ȥһһߵ˴޶˵ľһ¥ŮۼԳƵϿռţΪμҵá
Ҳ˵޶һ¥Ĵҡ
ͷֱӱѰ鷿
鷿ſڣ鷿ۡ
鷿ľģʵ沢޵񻨣ʵ޻
ôһ飬ȴ鷿ʵʵڵ˿κζ
񺴹ڻͭϣ˴оúۼ
鷿зĦĺۼһʹúܾãҲ˵ֻҪ뿪ң鷿š
ô˵Ҫľһ鷿
˶һۣȡӣһ·š
Ųδ
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΢΢üղͨС˵Ǵ鷿Ĵ⿴ߣ
Ӧһ鷿ǰϸ鿴δһ¥˳Ż԰ȥ
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ڼɽΧï֣ܵе·綼赲Ժ֮⡣
ƣ˵вܣ˭š
쳣ïܣ޷ߣֻǽķ϶ǰС
ʮߵľ룬һķĸǰ
»ıɴ͸˳Ÿ濴ȥͿһµӣĿľ
ľǲŸģ˱ֻܿ˵ĲӰ
϶˶һذס
ӿѪѾɺԣ뵳ɻ׵½ӿ
֮⣬鷿ҳһţߵνǵõᣬ쳣ǽ塣
˼վ鷿֮⣬ܿ鷿ڵңһ۾ܿ鷿ڷҹʲôеĳ͹Ŷ򿪣ǲ֪鷿׶ʧʲô
Ҳ֪ߵǷ鷿Ļйء
ͶһۣջߣʼǰĴ㡣
һȸ¿ģһ룬һ룬ƹ
һԸ֮ڻдţסȣ춯
鷿ΨһһȴĴȴѾˡ
˼վǽ⣬ҲܿĴŶγأһ뻹ڴϣһѲ֪١
ǷԴ򿪴
ӷס㣬΢һʹѴ򿪡
Ŵ򿪣һŵζƮɢ
ȼյζѪζֱǼ⣬ʪˮҪ硣
üͷöȺϴŹ·ߡ
ྩãδ꣬¥ԺĴƼãưܣҲ޸ӡҶ
Ҳ˵˴ӴӴܣȴҲûʲô
ѰƬ̣ҽȥţŽ
ǣͼѵش쿪ķ϶
ĸߴҪȥǼѣÿֽýҲ˽ȥ
鷿ȥǰš
ֻ֨ѽһű򿪣ǹŵζٶ鷿ʪ䣬ʮֲʡ
üͷȴδסڱǡ
ֳζҲ
鷿ֹϷţվǰϸ˿š
ڵҲʹãѾĥɺۣ沢޶Ѻۼһ֪ûб˱ƻ
񺿴𣬶Ҳѵʶߣ߶Ϥ
ѦɽԿ϶ߡֳۼǴƻ㴦ûҺۣɴҲ𣬶ǰֱصʵʵƻۼ
ſۣҪôǴŶ룬֮غ÷ţȻӺ뿪Ҫôӣ˿˺󴰵Ĵš
ǰߵĿܸһЩ
ǰߣôӱܺò飬ȲĴʱ䣬һˣűˡ
ʱԺвˣֻͶһۣ˽ԴӶԷп⡣
Ǹתͷˣ˯ͷй¶ɱڣ
鷿һƬǽ壬һжδ֪


79 
ʱ鷿쳣,ΰʶᣬ뱭յһ,౦Ҳ˴,Եúǵ
ϸƹһص౦ǰ˴ӦɷʮŶڼ,ֻƿͼɽ辰ڣ˼Ӱ
˵С˻ÿմɨ,Ӷ౦ϵĺۼǰ˸ոԭжġ
ڵϴҴҿһȦвû,ĶǲϵĲ,ϵĵ̨Լīֽȡ
عͷ˲Լͬٲɱˣ
Ҳпܡ
ƺѰƬ,Ȼһ˷ñɽĽǰ
,˼һ㶼ñɽ,зñɽĽ̲󣬴Լ߼ŵıɽȻҪСһЩ㹻С鷿ڲȡ
ɽַ˺ܾ,Ѿڻ,ıˮʵ˵ϣڽӿ
һЩѾɺԣһЩ,ľذ뵳һƬǳǳˮա
,ŷֱ̱ϰڷһ͵ơ
͵ѾϨ,ŵĵҲ˵ףҲǴбƷ˴˴
߿ֳۼУȻĿŵŵϡ
ʹӣıīֽһأֻʣһ𾭳һ롣
һ룬ڵϣһڰڴϣżһӱס˵Ŀ⡣
Ͻһܸ̽ϵ
ͷȡţһһ
ϣ沢ʲôأһǹµ˼ʦĻţֻ˵ŷ𷨣ɹһ羭
һһɵ˻ţ˵Ѿðã벮үġź㣬Ҫ𷨣ڳסա
ſƽƽ棬ϸǰдȴ˽ա
ţЩճдʫʣԼƮ̫⡣
˿úܿ죬в֪к쳣ŵϡ
񺿴鷿İ裬ѹܾЩ֡
˵˵
ָָһǽ񣬵㿴˴һ޶һǽռԵ鷿Խƣδһ룬ڷ˸̨
鷿˸оΪѹ֣鷿ԵúխһǽҲ˴еĴǼɽï֣ܵԱơ
˸һ;ʣҹ칫ի̷Ҳڴ˴һ鷿ʱܣ
Ŀ䵽ѾӳƬʬߵܾͣã鷿ܡ
ͷò갸ӣ鷿һ˾ԺΧ˿
˿
˿ЩѦɽߡ
ѦɽӦѾʱϵʬԣƺΪײͭǮۣǿɲ
Ѧɽ˫գ촽ɬ˶ӲǶȦ˫ҲӲֱš
Ŀڵذ׺ͨʲô֮δ򵽡
˿ѪҺѾɺԣϵʬԼĽӲ̶ȣҲǽ賿
ûȥֱߣ˴ſжϣ֪Ҳ֪ҹʱڴ˴ÿ鷿ţһϤ֮ˡ
ŵݶ౦϶ʧۣһ־Ϊɱ٣Բѡҹ˾ʱ鷿Ѱÿţ֮סͽɱҪҪö࣬һԻѽٲƷλɱˡ
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ֻ鷿ʱ鷿ڵ˸ţܳ¡
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ˣһ֣ʧĲﶼҪѰδˣҪýõ֮ȥиѯʣǷ˵Щ
ͷӦˡ
˶ֳ֣ܿ죬˳츮ִ֮ʱѾֳ顣
¹ѫ󰸣ûʵ۱ּ˾Լ˳츮Ϥ
Ҧ䴩ŹٸֱǺ¡
һ߲һ߿첽鷿ǰÿͽݣ˿
δˣˣλնڣҪȻֳҪǱŪңҪˡ
ҦͬȻҲȻ񺡣
ƺδƹкֻ֮ǵŽ֮ǰƽͬδһƻʮĴ󰸣˳츮ྩյˡ
⻰˵ĿƯ
ҦһµƹһˣΪҪǱ˵£ֻҪưϴԩҦ㲻⡣
֮ͬʡ˵ǰ㣬Ҧ俴غʵȴǸ˾ӡ
κǰи¡
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ͬһһȻſѾΧѦɽʬߵͷ
ǽʱ߾״̬ͬδ˽
ͷá
˵գ㿪ʼԸߵСѧͽȡʬĿʼг졣
ĿˣѶ֫ȫѾӲʬԣʱ䳬ʱԼڰ˸ʱʱ֮䡣
Ҳ˵ʱʱʱ
˵̧꣬ͷһ۲ԶڻɽбɽΪȶٵʬʱ޷پȷ
λˣжϼΪˣҪ죬ϱ
ʬпܸʵ򲻷˼ʮһǺϽġ
˿Ҧ䣬ҦδˣʱѾӵ͢ôͳ˰
ǣľɰѾʵۣ͢´Ҳ֮С
Ҧ买֣Ҧˣˣ󸮵ĽƹϸϸҪʱ˰참
ҦʶȤӦõӦõģ˾顭һѧɣЭδƴ˰
˲򵥼仰ɽ㶨˻
һòЭʬ̧ΪʬѾӲ޷ƽɣֻܰŷڵϣϸϰײҲԵúǹ졣
Ŀȴʬ΢΢һͣһ¡
̧ܵͣǰͶһ𿴡
Ѧɽ룬ҲŶѥɫѥײȴʵʵճһ
ƺѹѾԲԲһƬЩǳһӡӣ֪ʱŪϡ
˴ҪãѥӻȥҲϸպã˷ġ
һȥ˳츮ʬ
뿪ŵҦˣǼ̱ˣ
Ҧδ˵ġ

ǰ滹ڰϯ˻ǹӶæýȥ԰жˣǷкβףȻֱԺһ¥￪ʼʡ
ʵǸԺСˣɶͽҦ
һλֱղүի䣬϶Ҫ鷿Ȼڶ¥סġŶˣպʱص˿մʦһǴʱˡүٷ˺ŹܼҶڡ
ʱ䣬ǡþѦɽʱ
ѵ⼸˶Ѧɽûйϵǲ²Ϊɱпܣ
Ҳ֪ôֻ࣬һСʣ˵ҹʱСĹƣֲү鷿ĵͻȻˡ
۾һʣʱɼǵã
СϸһŵǽҪʱԼʱ̣ʱǷԺδƣСĸϽ²ү鷿̫ڣᱻ
ʣںδ
С˵зãԺǰãһ㶼ڴ˴취£Ҳסڷãĳϡ
һӿϡ
ͬһۣʣȷʱĵƣλǧд֤ʣԺǩȷϡ
С˱һ˰죬ŵǸʱ򡣡
С˿ǰ⼸λүҲͽź࣬룬СʵʵүϲԺ̫Сźֻиڷߵ֣֣оǲүߵ£С۶סԺֻźүʱŻǰȥԺ١СĵʱԺһƬڣ鷿ſڱ㿴ͻȻ˵ƣСı
ҲͽΪѾʱ֣˰ҹʱԺҲûơ
Ϊ˵ȶãԺֻвү鷿Ҫơ
񺲻ɫʣԺʱźү¿ڣ
С˺ܹϣ²ڣ沮үҺȥˣ鷿ֻвүһˡ
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Сʵڲ֪࣬ȥ
С˳ȥŶ˵˿մʦʱرɺϣպþʱ䣬С˿ڹʱʱ鷿ﻹ˵ơ
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һ¾ͰѦЩҶų⣬ʹʧȥʱ䡣
ͷݿڹȷʵˣвܶۡ
ҦһأΪβүһֱƣƫɵʱŵƣ߲үʱѾ˯£ʱ
Ҳһ˼·
üͷǷȴֻܰһգ޿ɰ֮үΪִ鷿իգ
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£Ϊ鷿һհţ
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ʱλſڼһҲѵ⣬УأԺ۾ͨ˵ϡ
ˣүˣſ
ע⵽˶Ѧɽүֻү
˵ͷ̾˿ȷʵѾˣ£ںδ
涣һݣȴǵүһϲҺƣƽҪի𣬺ٳԾƣصظʮʱŽƽմӲ
ү鷿ʱϲǶţֲǵϲźˣҪǸߡұֱӳƣһʱүƺѾ˯ˣ鷿ŵƣҾûȥү
ʲôʱȥģΪʱȥ
ɫһ䣬˿Ҧ䣬λĶ𣺡ˣ⡭´𷣡
Ǻɫҹ֮ĸɣ
ڨڨһЦǴǼҾ̰ȥһˣҺˣ˵պܵһ
˿մʦڸϣҲϳƣүϾƣֹŹҹȥһˡˣҿɶ췢ģֻŴԼ̱أδྩΰ
Ȼص˵ͷ֪ˣ˵
µͷ˲ᣬЩ񣺡ˣ˵ʲô
ŵĵ棺˵˵Ϊźձȥһֱʱ˷֡
ǰ£糿ҪźźϴʳеıɽҪҪޣ
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¹˲ñʲôͣĨһˣүϲź򣬵鷿֮ڣʱүͯȴҲƵ
˿ɿ鷿ſ߼ǾڷŹϹģʳˮģү鷿æµұѶŵ߼ϣүæԻȡ
Ҳ̫ˣԼͯý鷿
¼ƽնڱϵĲ෿ȣүҪңұȥźүҪҾͰȴ
ի䣬үҹүͬ˿մʦһիҵүȥ鷿ɨɾ˱ɽˮġ
ʱү͵յʳҷſڣ˱ԣʱֱӳ
ͻȻʣΪ˭ɱ
ڻУ͵رôһ䣬ʶŹܼҡ
⻰˵꣬µɫȸղŻҪѿƺǺڣԼӦóŹܼҡ
Ҳ£ŹܼΪҪɱүŹܼǵƣλΪҪɱү
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񺿴˶һۣľݺϡ
ֻžһŵһ飬͹ڵϡ
̧ͷͿԽ£ڻǵͷֻżȻŹܼͬ˵
ǰһ·еƫƧ֣ͬһ˵˵˵ڻλÿάϵǵͼıԺٻ󡣡
ɫҰףΪ˵ľү
˵±ʹ˼ͷͰ͵ˣֻ֪ôܼ࣬ʲô֪ͬ˭˵Ҳֻ֪ͻȻѡ
ʣԣû
ɫ԰ףĬãЩ֪Ҫλش
Ƭ֮һҧŵûиү
𶼲ҪΪΣ¾ԱйˣΪҪүҴСźүүиϿôһֱ˺үߣѦլ𣬲үĸĸҲҵĵҶûԹү綡ǣүأ
ҲӦõܼѵүߵˣҲүĸʹļףеԹޡ
룬ҪŹܼĶֲźãүץͼı֤ݣŹܼҾͲڲҾܼܵˡ
˼еҲͳɲʲô¡
㻹ʲôûѦҵٰ֪ɣ
һҧС˵ˣ֪үһܣĪҪүͷˡ
үүֻ˵˵ʵʲδүӣӶһδд
⵹ǸϢҲʵ𾪡


80 
ŬճӵϢ,Ǽˡ
Ҧ䶼š
˵ֻҪ¾ͱԷҫһĽ񺣬Դ¸֪֮ꡣ
˵,,һĳãн˴ү򸾶ԳӽԺϲ,óһɻ飬ϱӡ
ή,Ҳù֮λ͢ջأһеúá
еѫˣ˾ٲǷϳ
,ȴ˵δѦҫ,Щˡ
ʣ£֪ΪΣ
¿̾˿һ,֪Щ,ֻ֪үү,үѾףٷﶼҪ߶үڲƭٷѾ⣬ֻǳ͢δּ
µֻû뵽ٷ˵˵,ֵþǶ֪,һүΪͷۣһֱŲ⣬ִ治ÿ
ͷֱ͢һگ,ַ,»治ð졣
㻹ʲô˵ģ
˼,ʵڲкκ˵ŵѾ֪޲ԣûʲô˵ˡ
ͬһۣԸȥɣŹܼǰ
ѫңǲɹ濴ãʵۻ಻
μҺͽҷӳԣΪӬͷС໥ɱűסһƽ͡
ͻȻĺ֮㣬п֪
ۡ
ûӣôѦҫҲɱ֮ӣϾ׳͢زֱݶţֻҪɱףܵ÷Ʒﶼξ
ܲһδ֪Ͼ繦δ
⻰˵ľЩˣȴҲʵѦɽζྩ˲֪ѫ˭
Ѧҫ棬һղûһֱֻǴٺĽǧ˵ȥʵȴ͵ĻᣬⲻӣټԺҪóȥһ롣
һ֮ǰɱĵıŹܼҺѦҫ档
Ǹ£໳ģΪδŴԼûԼĹܼҡ
ͷ꣺ǧҼǺãӹãпڹҪ
ǡ
Ҧ۵ú֣һߵȻԲ裬ȫԼڡ
ŹܼҺܿ㵽ˡ
ǸˣЩ˷ǣ˵ʵڻֻ࣬ȷʵʺĹܼң¿Ҫࡣ
Źܼ¶ݣֻǳĬһԲ
ϵ˵㣬ȷʡ
Źܼң˵һհںδ
ŹܼҵǴý⣬Ѧɽʱ䡣
Źܼ̾˿ʱŷˡүٷһ˿մʦʱĩʱ˱Ը»ȥԺƣºүˤ
ԴˣŹܼҲδͣƺƶܼһΪټԺźơ
񺿴ʣǺʱ
ѦɽǸ֮ҳ̲㣬ھк޸ҪϿͯС
ôһǺ
г񣬼ֱԴ˳겮޳ɣү۲࣬ǰҲڴ˼ܼңүѡУ˲沮үܼҡ
Ҳ˵Э˳۸йִͲ֮󣬲Ѧҡ
Ǻһͳ˹ܼң¼ҵֻźүĲ£ܲүá
ʣ˭Բүг𣿡
Źܼ㶣ƺԣŵү񣬶Ҳǿʣ¶ܳ羴үͬг𡣡
شƯ
񺴹ǸղѶ£׿˵ԼԹ޲үΪүûܼҡ
ÿڸУ᲻֪ɣ
ǲүͯүһ𳤴߶䣬жԲүǺںģϲ嶯ɱˡ
Ǿػˡ
գգ۾ʣôүأ
ʲôүЩ㵡
ݽδϱӣ᲻Ѧҫ֪£ɱˡ
ϾǶ֪Ҫӣ׵ȻںʵںǶ˰
һΣŹܼҳĬʱЩ
ƺû뵽Ѿ鵽ôĻһʱ֮δ׼޷ش
񺿴ͻȻЦˣô̫ͻأ㻹ûýڣ𣿡
ʵһ䣬ֻò԰׽ͣү֪ү˾٣λ޲ү
ͷҲ˵ȷʵûӣҲ֪𣿡
ɫԽ׽
ݺݱ۾ƺԸٶ˵ʲô
̾˿ٵû뵽ŹܼҾȻ˰ˣڣҪθԼҽڣ
˵и£˿ҲЩסԿһ£һ˲ȷʵǻˡ
Ҳˣɫ񣬱Ȱʵگųˡ
Źܼ죬ȴһ仰˵ȷʵЩ˼ãŵʵͬүһֱ͡
Ǵ˵Լ⣬ֻˮϡ
ȴҲƺļβͣ
ŹܼҶ˶٣ѹǹٻǧǲүУҲ޸үʱѾ˴үóӣȴ岻Ϊͬүַӣֱգδ벮үͬס
ͣһֱǹ˻ҲȰһȰ£Ųǿˡ
ʣβ䣿
ŹܼҵǹٻǧƲϲү˴үͷԲҪͬүκԼ£Ҳ֪үϧүʱѲԷ˸ݡ
ʣͺܲ
һֱŹܼҺ֣ʱʶݵ£ĿЩҵļơ
ү߿еóң
ҡͷүԺãһ޷𣬲Ůɫ
ѦҫǶʮڣѵѦɽʮŮɫ
¼λ˲ţֲһ䣺ˣú
ԵǼݡ
ԣͬүֻǲͣ񺻺ɱүɣ
ȻͳкҪ
Ȼһδԥˡŷԭи÷ı磬ֻϧ˵ĸװԧ죬ŲԣӲ˼޸˲ү
ɻ֮үͬ˲׽Թ˶֪
ž֪Ψһüζ֪
иź֣ԭǷ˵Ѿߣһ˾ƣ׿ͬ˵ģǼٵģҲֺ
ͬŹܼкθϵ
񺵭һЦã˵һ¡
ͬ˭һıλ˵ҪͼıԺٻ󣿡
ɫ䡣
бǵĽл˳츮񼴱ѣյʻ䵽Լϡ
ȻȴĻһ˿ҡ
ʲô


81 
Źܼһƺ,ˮڸԼͷ,ʵҲǵʲôʱ˵⻰,ɡ
֮ǰȷʵͬүִʱ¿˸,ԭΪүҴ˭֪үһ¡
ͷһֱΪڲүҪ,Ҳأʱǽûңǲ,ȥ˲ү
үһ䵭,͵Ҳ̫̫࣬æµŽ,ǲ,ұ롣
˶٣ô᲻룿Ƕʱʵ,ǳ˾ƣͬ˵ҲܣԼĲǵˡ
ڲүҲź,ǲ,Ѱ⸻󡣡
˵úǳϿҡ
⵹Ҳ񺿴˿𣬶Źܼ,ͻȻװ,½Բ븮,֮Ϳ͵Ĳ»ύɽ㰲ԼУﶼȥ𣿡
üͷһ壬ðŵǣס
£֣滻꣬ԸϸͷйŹ֣Ҳ˵ľò鿴
ȥһʱڰ
Ժ뻨԰䲻̫ԶΧǽߴ̣ǽںʵܱݽ԰е˿֮Ҳ֮⣬ʲô
еļλù㿴ңҿ㣬ŵδˣ֪Ѧ˵ľںʱܵ
һҴԼܵ˾ﲻԶڶǷűãӱ޺ܿܵ
ڽྩѫԱһʱҦһԣҲϰΪ
˰ٹ٣ͣǻʵ۵ӥۣצ
𣬾ǿȺצˡ
Ȼպһ֮ڣѦҵľڱ͵
ʵݾڣ֮ǰѾ󷲳ѣϲóش¼ȶ¼ôϸ¡
ѦɽĻϸһЩ͵һ᲻ҳֽĻҵ¡
ѦҫµĸҦ䣬͵ĸ񺣬ԼѦɽһ
һʱ䣬ֻз
ϸ͵ĹྩռңྩΪ٣ŵڣ游ٰݹˮ˾Ʒ
Ĳ䲻ֻͣ˸»ةƷС٣Ҳǿ游˲Ÿ⡣
ƷػͣྩһשͷɣƷǺۡ
ռҸ߲ɵͲͣȴҲŵڣѦɽʱǸʿֻǸ֮ңԺ󵽵ʲôǰ˭Ҳ֪
ˣҲǿŵԣȥԺ飬ҲƷıޣܾ빬ǣʵۿܱڹ»¿Ҫǿöࡣ
ܵ˵޸ѦɽѦɽôɫֶڽİͷ
ܼ򵥾Ϳ͵ǰȻѾڷ˻ȥ¿ռʱĹ
ռҼ˿ڼ򵥣壬Ǹ׵ĵճŮ滹мãһңһעһС֡
ϸһдǣҾռֶ
ͻȻղĻ
˵ʱ÷ı磬ϵֶ᲻Ǹ磿
ھϻȦעȻ̧ͷֻɫԽ
Ҧˣδˣ¹
ֶһ˵꣬λ˿
Ҧһϵᣬ̾˿ĶӺͶϱûʲô¶ˣҲᣬһ۾ܿͷ
ȴ̧ͷˣѦɽЩ֮
ߣŵϣָһҳǿӶ꣬Ѧɽϼݵլ˶ʮһʱصظȵϸѲºӣĸӶ˽ྩ·;ңԶĸӶྩТȵۺܳ׼ˡ
Ѧɽݣһ£һҪ游ĸТݵüΣһһ󲡣ʱ£еҲ̫ǵá
ȵۺϲδТ̫ãؾʱ˲֮࣬ͬǰǰ緢Ȼͬ
δ䣬˵ľȷʵྶͥ
£˭ˣҲδ
üһѣĻʧȥ䣿ʶźͣ
ʶЩͣȴ֪ྩĹٻ˼ңǰҲ⣬ȵϲ
ⲻ𣿡
ʲôԺһʵ̫죬δѸٰס
΢΢üͷſҪ˵ʲôȴƫƫʲô˵
ͣ·֣濴
ܾãѾҵ˱Ĺؼ˵
ԵĪм˲δʣȫָ꣬ࡣ
üͷչǳǳһЦ
ڱϵҦĬĬ˿ڲ衣
ò衣
һ飬֣첽룬ˣȷʵҹҺơ
ͷǱѺڣð顣
˴ʱҲӽβ
ûǵǳ˻ǳӶһϯϵıҲֲҴҳ˼ڷ½ˡ
ĸҲڻԺ·ϡ
񺿴Ƿ֤ʣүȷʵǴʱô߽Բ֣˱ֿܡ
һ⼸ǮȨø˴Ϊɱˣһ߾Ϊ˲ƣһ߶ǸˣͬǼλӲϵ
˴ǡ
ҦҲʱڣЩûйȫ԰Ľʡ
һ¡
Ȼ֪гô£ۿ죬ǲ֪룬ڽҺʶ˽񺣺񺡣
˵һֱԸȴҲǴСʶ浽ģѰİοҲ֮С
ʱʣ񺲻˵ģֻο£һһ㣬֪ʲô˵ʲôͺá
Ȼ˿ͷʰɡ
һЩѦҵ£²ż޹꣬Ѧ¶̫Ϥֻ֪ЩƤëıʲô֪ˡ
˶٣ʣ£֪δѦҫӣѦҫǷ֪
סˣʲôȻûҫ棿ƭң
̾˿û˵
ºݺһȣѹأҾ˵ͬĸ鲻ڼҲһ䲻˵λں
˵ţֿ
񺣬Ժô찡
ʵ̫ˣڽǰҲݣȥǰצ
񺲻ֵ֪˭Ҳΰοֻ˵֪޲ԣѰ֣Ѧ徻Ϊϡ
͵زᣬҷԲ֣Ͳ֪£컹ɵ֣˵Ȼ࣬ﻹӣܸˡ
ˣԽΪ棬ѣ
ôѦҫӦû̫ɣΪıɱ׸ǱΪӲɡ
ͷʣ˺Ͳү֮䣬ôͣ
Ĩһᣬҹƽֻϲȥ𣬴ûȥ£¶ȥģһȥʮ£ҲֻײԺ
˵ôҲҪµ֣ż˿մʦΪǻһܡ
󹫵ˡ
˵ܺõȥ

µ֤ʣǺ˼
ʣǰүδȥ£
ϸ䣬ҡҡͷ
Ҽ޽ǰ֪Ҽ޽󣬲үȷʵδȥ£ֻȥ£˵ͬзԵȥúڡ
鷿Ƿţʣ˼ʦ
µӦˡ
˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣ʣòǷпɱү
һŸҹȻϵﲻ˵һ仰ҿȴҲʲôޣУѵܶȥѣ
⿴һۣȷʵʲô֪԰ͳңְο䣬Ŵ
ѾȥˣĿһֿ
º⡣
ѦɽһУǶ֮ܵһҪϸϸ鷽֪ࡣ
֮Ѧҫߵ֣˽ûʲôһʵıǲ͡
ݺƽ
۵΢Щ죬ƽϣҲ˿ˣµѹҪһЩ
Ͱϣ̧ͷˣȻڣ֪Ѿ֪ͬѦɽ鲻ҿԶԷģûɱ
㣬ЩҲǻòˣֻ쳣ݣвϲѹ˼ֳȻ⡣
ϸϹҲŷ飬ȷʵΪϡ
˼ˣһ
Ѧɽֵôϣʵ鷿̫ķֻϰһ̽ƽ˼
Լϣϣϣ޷顣
̧ͷͣ֡
ƫƫͷߵＸ䣬ֱӵˣ֮ǰŹܼҿڹδʱ÷ı磬Ƿˣ
˫ƽ޲ͻȻ꣬âһĺ
ŷ飬ﳪһӷ
ǣ͵
ͬδ飬ŮδޣΪԵ춨컯ŪˣվǼ޸Ѧɽ
ռ޸ʱҹҲǼõģʱѦɽ֪ϧˣҲмϧ֮飬ѲʱѦɽѹΪ˻صʥּûһТ
ֻϧ֮ͱ˸ˡ
˵ͬԺӶСʱҫô羴ᱧһԼ⡣
ΪҪ꺮ů
ҵԼӣҲðԼɷǾһסĹͣģҹҵģգ
Щ⡣
ԭҲʶ˵ģǰֻ񣬳ĬԣǸѰҷˣⷬԴǣǵЩӢˬζ
ǣѰ¥Ҫһơ
⻰˵꣬ѻȸ񺶼δعֻϸ˵ÿһ仰
Ȼˣ˵үıǴݻʱ
죿
ʹһſŷ飬ȻŻڡ
׽ҫ׽صظ鷿ֻҪù鷿æ֮⣬Ըճϰ߶δ䣬ԵĲҲͬǰһ
͵ϼһֻˡ
ָָԼģˣ˱Ҳˡ
˼ͷȻ㿴
ʣˣյ˿մʦԸģǰǷ֪
˿յ֣ŷ΢΢һ٣Ȼˣԭûһģͬүһϰ֮˿մʦжڰʱʱ˽
Ҿ˿մʦĽΪӶϱԼȥԼϰ档
λ˵ɣȷʵǼΪϵġ
һȻʱģ˿մʦ˶û뵽
͸˵Ķ˵ˣλϹٶ˵ֱʶ𣺡δˣүѾˣģѲҫδӣ˰սᣬＸҲסȥʱ͢Ҫˣɷδ飬Լ롣
ľλģȫྩ֪úõͬмҲУ֪ͬȵ۲ֻͬȥͬʹϵ
иλȴ޽ѦҫһղûѦɽۿҪ
͢ջؾλҪٻزѦҲǶʮĻҵڶΣͿѦҫûи컯ˡ
ʮִϻֱۣӱ󵽶ǰ׼ޱȡ
˿񺣬Ȼſͣ˶ˣһִӦ
仰ͷ˿
̧ͷˣǴ鲮үģΪ鷿ǹؼ
ȻʱӭǣʷС˵ѿ֪ѦɽʲôѦɽںǼ鷿ñȶӶһѦɽŵܡ
뿪ңŵ˵֤ʣѦҫ£ܾÿ˶ɣÿ˶ʱ䡣
ѵѵ֢鷿
Ҧ˼Ƭ̣δˣˣұȥ˳츮һʬĿнչ⣬˰ܿ漰ɱˣҪȫѲ߽ϣһûȥ֡
æͷ󺹵ҦͳţҦˣˡ
ҦЦа֣ǲ࣬ƣδҪҳԾơ
뿪񺿴˿𣬵ȥ鷿
鷿һǽ壬ͻȻһͷ
ѽδˣҸˣ˵ǷҪ˿մʦ
˿մʦǷŸɮྩĴʦǻʵ۱º͹Ҳϲַͬ̽𷨡
ͻȻȷʵܲ׵Ҳ̫ء
ͷͻȻһ飬ҡҡͷ˿մʦڲУǲ鿴鷿ȥַͬ̽𷨱ǡ
񺿴һƶӣǳǳЦˡ
ʱ鷿ֻˣŵܾ鷿Щԡ
ﲻԣ
󿴿ҿȴҲ˵ֻѲһ顣
еıɽѾˣͰѱɽȥֻµϵˮպͽ̡
Ƶ֮󣬽ָָǰȦΡ
ղѦɽǽֱڴ˴Ȧαϣúֱ
˳ֿȥĿ»䵽
ѦɽŲ̫ǰе壬Եס˵ߡ
￴ȥҲĶ
Ѱ˸ɾطڵ濴ȥֻһѾȼĻӣһɢڱϵĻ۸ǣһЩɽˮڵϵĻҳԼһëʡ
ôණ߰ڵϣԵ쳣ңҲ֡
ıʻЩλãǴȡ˳
Щ棺ôлӣ
ϸ˵Ļӣ涼ȼ֮ĻҽӰ
ѾȼҲѾ䣬ǸСӿһۣ۾ͻȻɴ

˴չȥֻӵĹܱں͸ϸһմ˲֪ǲĻմϵġ
üͷҼǵãѦɽĽŵҲһֻѾչڻ˱һƬ
֮䣬Ƿ


82 
һ,ͻȻδˣ᲻Ǹأ
͵̧ͷ,һĵĽ񺡣
أظʡ
ָָ,ָһ±ɽϵյ͵ƣһ󵨵Ĳ룺ߵʱ䣬һǸʬ,һǸС˵Ŀڹ
С˵ʱ̿˵ƣʶ֮,ƵʱѾأ
յƣ޷ǾǼ߻ŵ֤鷿Ŵ,ͻΪԼĵơ
󴰿ǿŵ,󴰵ĴѾˣ˶ܽ鷿
С˵ʱδԺˣȻΪǲүԼĵ,أ
ʱѾ,еĵҪôǸйصĻ,Ҫôȼ
֣õ˽Բ֣ǣѦ˱ʱ䡣
һǾ,־Ѧ⼸еһ
𵭵һ,һֱǰַŽ
վȣŵƵº,²糤ǰʢ,˵˼ʦҲ,ֻڽоСԺķʦһĳʮˣѧͽ
һʢôҲҪһȥн곤ʦһСɳֶޣԵù졣
˴˿˶ң
Ǳڹܣ˼淨δţ෨ʦǻţҲֻǲ͵δк쳣
˶٣ڹ¾̣ԼµͣҲһŲ飬ӦþͿ
΢΢˿
ӽϣĲ˵һŲ޷󼰵ġ
ѹ˶½Ҳ˶뵱
˵Ѧɽ䣬洫ˣ˳츮ʬĿ
ʬĿͽ鷿һڷĲϿ
ʬѦɽؿǰذס
ذ׵Ĵλ÷ǳ׼ȷһУѦɽѶ
Ϊ鷿бɽȣߵʱžʱҹʱ֡
ߵѾȫʬϣ΢˫ֱֻNѴ΢
ϲ޴򶷺ۼֿ׼ذ״Ŀڣں޷Ӧ±ˡ
񺿴һϸʬĿüͷɿ󷭵Сѧͽʬ塢쳣ͼĿⶨЬ׵һϡ
֪Ϊˡ˵
ָߵʬͼ㿴ϱʬǵҲڵϵģȴˡ
ȷʵǰʬʱ;Щڿʬ쳣
˼˼ǣɱߺ󣬹ֱֱ
۾Źâƽ֮˷ܣԣĻӣ۸ǣۺͷĩƲ⣬߱ڳȽֱ״̬ΪڵʱյƣԴ𡣡
鷿ƣҪôߵģҪôֵģһ֣ڵʱҪɱ˻ˣŻΪˡ
ƾյƣõѦֱӱûɡ
ԼôѦ˱û˲ֳ֤ݣȫɱɡ
һסصԼȦϡ
ָָЬһ࣬ѦɽЬͬλã㿴ڻӵԲۣܱҲۣǰѹܱճ߽ŵףԲճڵϣôδȽӲǰ죬ֱ
һӾͻԲ룬һ뿪ԲǣδȫϨ̿ʯȼ
˷ܣԽ˵Խ죺ˣֻҪȼճߣһ·ڱɽߵ͵ϣ߾ͻһֱ͵ֱӵ͵ơ
Ȼµ϶ȼĻҽڴʱʢģΪ̫ȣڷбɽڳʱ֮ͣ󣬱ɽڻˮɢҽڵĺۼ
éٿ
ֻҪɱ˺鷿ŪңжƷڵأԻ˾ŵϵĻӲ⡣
ͷʶһʱ
һ˵һ±еɻﱻƽ⣬ôӱҲࡣ
ˣ޵
ǫ飺δˡ
ƽⰸֻ⣬һ˵Ǵϲ£˿̰ӻûƣ˵ķΧȴȻС
ʵһɹɹҲûرӰ죬Ϊֻ˱ֳ
ţӴһʼԵЩ˷롣
֮ʵӺܼ򵥡
ǰ鷿ɱֳ֮Ȼȥãͬһ˿մʦ
˵˶٣⽲˿մʦͻȻģԭаţֵһҪǰıҲ벻ôĻء
ֻţԭҲڽնûнҲᰲɡ
ҡҡͷǾʲôûп塣
ΪһҪգ֪ѦɽգҪͣҪɱˣѦɽֳҪȥ룬ôʱѦһҪ
գѦףٵĻ׽˼ңⲻָ췭ظŹ֡
ôҪ˳츮߽֣ưոݣʵǶǺܲġ
Ҳ˵һҪֵɣһ죬һ춼С
ʲôأ
ü˼ģһ磬˶һһһʱǡ
̧ͷ𣺡δ˵˼ǡ
𵭵һЦÿ˶˵İѱǲǾһ𣬿Ƿ˵
ãһ˿մʦһʴʦսΡ
⵹Ǹõע⣬۾һδˣֶΰ
ҲǫһЦˣˡ
ȷԸȥˣһ鷿ϸϸһ顣
Ѧɽŷ𷨣Ȼвٷҵ伮ⷭտҲûзжĺۼ
Ǳϵı飬ѦɽУ鱾ԵЩ¾ˡ֮⾭ʷӼ֮෭٣Ҳ㿴
˿ǹһй
Ѿϲ飬©һˣıǡ
ͷʱ˿̣ѵЩԥ
ҪҪѼеͬ˵Ǹ֪һò飬Ҳȷķߣ˵ɲ٣Ҳᾡϴеԩɶڶ˵ȴҲҪͬһ𱳸γصĹȥ
ǲܷܻ۶۽ǡ
ٶС
ɰŽ΢΢üͷ֪ģͻȻ飬һ±˽Ĺǡ
֣ڽüĵһ¡
ˣǱ̸̸ɺã
üȵĴ±ůɢ̧ͷüĿЦĶ
˫ƯһУ˿ֻƶͼ֡
ȻͲˡ
á


83 
͡Ѧҫһǰʱ,ִܾ١
Ҳ˿վеȴ
,Ƕ˿մʦһ
ǰҲĸ,ȴ̫ͨ˵ԶԶ˿մʦһ棬˿ټ,ʱЩԡ
˿մʦݣϵɳȿտյ,Ѯȴ·Ÿչ֮꣬üֻ֮͡
ӭ,ע⵽,Ѧĸ˶Щţϵͣ˳ʦڴ˴,Щˡ
ּз,ò,ڼԼ羴ķʦ
ĿⲢÿϣǲɫ۲ˡ
ſڣλ,֮,˾ͬ˳츮һ참˰ǣѫ󣬱ư,Чȡ
ʶڶԸλһ֮,ΪҪһһΡ
Ϊأ
߱,Ȼ
ɫ԰ף֮ѦɽʱҪţȻһ䣬Ǿʧ룬СİĲ豭Ʒڵأˮһء
Ψһüɫ˽һ񣬽ԵĪţֻѯʡ
°Ͳȹϵˮգ¶һӵĽҲЩ£Ҳ
˽òûѦˣü˶Щš
һڲүλкҪ䣿
λ࣬ɽô
ѱӷŵϣһϸ΢졣
Ǿรɡ
ɫԽ԰ףºѦҫȷʵ֪ʲô飬Ҳ֪Щܣʶ侲ģû̫š
´Ҳ֪̫£ҲֻǷ
ˣµľͺ
˽ɫҰףѪɫ
ͬһۣ㿪ڵݽյ飬ǴſԶ϶հʱ˿մʦ֮ǰλںδ
ĬԶ׼˿
ȴ߬ȹĺҶ߬һš
ڵʱǲȷߵȷʱ䣬ֻѯÿ˸֮ĹϵͳԹ
ڣһȷʱ䣬Ϳ׼ȷÿһˡ
ڽ֮ǰѦҫһڻ԰ɢº˷Ǳ÷ֻʣͣһֱͷ
һɫҰ׵հĿŵϡ
ˣˡ
ͻһ飬ڳܲסЩ£ɱģɱġ
ôһޣڱϵѦҫһִСͬĸ׸׽æסĸ׵ĺ󱳣㡭˵
ѦҫҲҪˡ
һ£ҳһţҲҪǰȰοȴסˡ
¶ˣԽŲˣ񺣬Ĳǡ
ҵĲӣ˿˺𵭵ྲ
ƽ俴ƽ׽ˣϾǽù٣δѵӣҲΪˡ
Ҳ仰𽥰ֻʣѦҫĿ
ﲻɱˡ
߶һ䣺ɱҵ
ʵڲ˵ʣԸȴȥȻҪؿº񣬲ͬ˽̸ֻܰʱѺڷС
ѦҫҲȰˡ
ʱֻʣͺһֱ˿մʦ
ͶԼͬ˿գ˿Ҳƽ̧ͷһţӷ𡣡
Ͷһ£Ҫ˵˿մʦ̾˿ӷʩα
⻰̲סʦ˾ɱģҪ֪أ޷̷ǰֻϣ徻ܶҹຣ
ͽ񺶼δԣֻƽһһ
˿մʦĿȱǴȰؿͣ·ʲôƢͯĪĺ͹
ΪˣӦе
ʱǴ£ֻ˿ա
ص鷿ڣߺܿڽǰʶ²⡣
һ׼üıֻȵʱҸڣݳһ޷ϷɡһҪն֣ΪֻգŻҲܰŽĽ
ǵһ֣˱Ѧˣǵڶ֡Ǳֻһˡ
˿մʦ¸أ꣬ྩڡȱΪĻ£ˣྩд
˵ıɱˣ˭š
ʵͰǰΨһһҪɱˣֻպͽڲ˿ա
Ҫɱˣ
ԭͶ޽⣬Ͼǵ¸صĴʦδ˿˷δѾڳʱ
˿̣͵ȴýéٿ
ɫӿ˿һƽ˿գȻſµͣˣԭ˿մʦı硣
һŲƣһˣһΪɮ
߲ΪɮҲʱǣңһһŷ𷨣ͷĺÿڱ
Ļʹʧǣɱģɱġ
˿̾˿ͻȻڣãĪҪԡ
һӱ㰲ٿڣֻʣݵĿ
˿մʦֳһ𷨣ŶԽ˵λˣѦɽƶɮɱƶɮʱƶɮɱ
λѾƽ鷿ڵĻأѸ٣ǹ֮
˿ϲ޾ɫûɱ֮Ļںޣƽ޲Ǹ¸صĴʦ
Լɱ˹渵ͬƲһ޶˵øΪϸ¡
еİ鶼꣬ŵԷ˲ֻ֣̫ϣƶɮ𡣡
˿յһЦƶɮѾɱ䣬λںˣ̫ƫִˡ
ͻһ𣬾İο･ƽ
Ͷ𼸺ûôʣ˿ձȫй޾ϸһֻδ˵ΪҪɱѦɽ
ʣʦΪҪɱ
˿ն˶٣ûάסƽĸɮݣֻ޷ˣҶʺްˡ
ʺޣΪλôꡣ
ȴڴʱ˿ڣΪңΪҰˣҵĴҵĴҲø㡣
˿ɫһ䣺ã
ֹͽĻȴȻŵѦɽϼһ䣬ͬȴŻҡ
Ҳ裬Ž𣬶ȥС
Ϳ޵øγϣЩ꣬ҫ泤ˣѦɽٸңžͻ̲סͬ˵ˡ
磬ôôɵԺô졣
˵ˣ˿ҲٲҴţֻ̾˿
̧ͷؿһӵŮӡ
зأҲ
ʮʸ־塣
˿յֻеĶѳȥǿׯ㻹жӶϱԺҸ
ңҴŻȥͬһ羭˿մЦһͬһһܽɶޡ
˿վôЦűȥ
ֻͶڿռŵп
ͻȻѦɽΪλˣ


84 
ͻڱΪɱ˷ıʹ,û
ҲǶ˵ʵǶ
˿,ߵ,Ÿոдõ֤ʡ
һҳҳţĿ䵽͵Ļϡ
˵Ѧɽϼһ,ͱ˸ˣƢϲƺͬ,ȴǹȥǸˡ
ΪˣΪӵĸףǳ˸ĸ˽Ѧɽˡ
͵˼,Ѧɽһп,ʵȴȻͬΪѦɽٰ裬סԺͷ,ͬѦɽ
Ѧɽǹأ
۾һѦɽԶԼ,Լ,ʲôûһ˶ſţ¶
ȥѾİ·,ʲô,Ҳ῿ӵҪ徻
𵭵ͷԣ
Ҫȥ鷿һ̽
֮ǰ鷿,Ϊװδ,ǲҶеĶ,ڰӼѾƣǿϸŲһ
һתͷ͡
˳ĪİУֻеʹţƺҪ⼸ʮı˶й
̾˿շˣ㻹ѦӺ£вôˡ
Ͷ˶٣ĬĬӲ˲ûмȥ
ϽǺۣ۾Ѫ˿ɥ
лȰο͵ˣ˳ҵޣֻѦɽһˣѦɽڣҲǹܼٳ֣˵ʵҸҫ½Բڼ
Ѧɽʲôĸ޹أҲ޹ء
ܱˣȴҲѡ
ѻ˵÷ǳĸ˵ʲô֪ʲô鷸֮£Ǳֻµ֪
Щȣ֪Ѧɽ죿
̾˿Ҳµģʱ̫̽ÿζصúܺãôҶû˽¶ʲô£ʱˣҾͲôںˡ
ֻҪǣȫңȥˡ
ңʱҲѦɽ죬Ŭû֪󵽵ʲô˽ЩʲôΪӵƽûм׷顣
˶ˣûʲô
ͿͶ𣬿һݲͬȴʼƵޣٿԼҵĶӶϱ
δˣˣ֮ǰ˵ֻסãλ˰æ
ǳ˿ȴ˾
Ƭ̣ŵˣԺΣҪ֤ݣҲģʴȣǨŭ޹
ͱδڿ
ųٸһιʣ»صԺ鷿ǰ
ǶǰԺſڿص԰ˡ
δ鷿ס˽Ų
֪鷿δˡ
㿴鷿ţԼҵĴС鷿Ӧô󡣡һǽ棬滮һ¡
һ±˼λá˵֮пյأ
ͷЩ˷ܡ
ԣǸŵĺܲ鷿ҪŪһǽ񣬰鷿еԽСҲˣǼ鷿˻ʶΪռأ鷿СΪ汻һշ鷿һΪ
𻺻³ˣʵǴϻ
ǳǳһЦ˱첽ƽ鷿һһվ֮ǰ
ϸѰȡŹÿһϸڣշҪν룿
ý˿Լǰһţ˫ַںϣ˫һҪק
ϰ䣬俴׳ȴʱڵϣǾܾװˮˮס
˿̣ȴ˿δ
αϷ񱻶ǽϡ
ĸȫԹȷȫǽϣ޷ֺ
һͷ˺üͷҲ
Ӧòô򿪵ģÿνշҪ㾪춯أԺҲ˲
ͷĿϵÿһϻ
գĿм俿Ǹϵ̽
Ҳİڼֻһǹǰϸ񿴡
Ҳվߣ˼վһ
񺿴˿Ȼȥ
ܶͬһ𡣡
۾һ˫סȻת
תתתʱ񷢳һҲת
ֻϸ΢Ħʲôǽת
üһ壬ɴסϸɿԾ
ͬĲľ룬񻺻תһɹһ˴еխš
۾𣬶Ҳͷ
˶ڶԷп˾ϲ
鷿ﲢκοѰĶҲ˵ܶ
ǽȥ
ͷɿ֣ѽ񺵲ߵſڡ
ķУŵĵյȼ΢Ĺ͸ƵĹ
קŶĸ첲濴
ʲôʡ
ȡһɵķڣ̽һ˦
ֻһƿ𣬽űǷڴǽϵ죬
عͷŲΣա
ȥɡ
Ӳ鵽ƺֻҪһţǾҵ࣬ϴȥжԩ
ʱǽ񺻹Ƕ˽ļᶨ
һ뻹ǶɴԼҲ̤֮뷿ڡ
˵ϣ鷿ֻһƳȣǽȼŵıڵƣʲôûС
Ⱦͷϣһš
ѹλã˴ŴǵصڣصķӦþǺļɽ
ͬԹһ㣬ܡ
صſڣֹһЦһѦɽ顣
δȥԿףֱȡϵ崺ǰϸӵг
ֻ⽣ӰһصϵĻͭжѳ롣
δջصֱõһѵص
ʪϢһŵùζ˼
˵űߣȡ±ڵȻ첽󣺡ȥɡ
ĵĵƹǰ·һ˵ص
ͬ²һ޶صȷʵͨԺɽִ˵صڵò񣬴ԼֻһյĹ򣬾ߵ˵ס
һ㳤ĵص˳ŵصǰߣһȷǰ
һǲδ˶һֱۣ崺š
ǵĳζǻۻ
˽ס첽̤뷿С
ŹڰͬĵУһڲݵϵĸӰǰ
ʵԵңſڵһαһ౻ľդ֮η
η裬һݵӣһ¾ֳִ
һͷû˵ǸܸӰĽϡ
ЩȻ˭
֪
ǰ˼һ֪ǻ
崺ջصУ崺һͰǸݵƺû˷˸
ݳǰʱһӱɴ
ͷףݲϣӾһţݵüû
񺻹һϳݡ
Ѧɽ

ʶ档
д񣬲ϲü֮ͬѦɽȴ߰˷
ѦɽߣҪرϸѦɽݣʶ˿һ۾ϳ˭
ü壬˻š
ţҲнľԡ
˴İžڵζֻһͨɽڲ˲ܼٹֻǿõ˹Ӳд
һͱ꣬Ƥ԰ֽ겻
ΪлʲôΡ
һ˵ԣ˶һۣ˶Է˼
ݽӵƶϣ͵˵֤ʣǻжϣѦɽǸͬòƵһˡ
ͨϼҵɥ£Ѧɽ뿪УȻ֪ɼٵѦɽѦɽ㱻Ѻڵ֮С
Ϊ棬ôѦɽڵб˽ʮء
ʮؾţʵ־ᶨ׸
վͬ첽˵Σڵصӣ֮ǰ˵ӣͬѦɽǣǷأ
΢΢һ㶣ĺͬŨīһ˲Ⱦˡ
̧
ص谵ʪƣȴǺӡ
һۣͬİأ
ƺת䣬׽٣֮кܰ£ૡ
˱۾ʱֻʣᶨ
ӣⳡͻ£ǱҵԧףңڹӲЦ
˼ǣһͻ飬˲²ĺǾ˼ǵġ
һǰѶĻȥ
˶ϵĺľöҵ˼ƽ
֪ʱ˿ܿһ𣬵ͷ˵˭Ļ
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֣ѽޱߵҷ˳һһεĶ֮
ӣµز˾ұ㳤˵
Ľë΢ڳĿֻŵϡ
Ϊ⼸ദ֮ǶԱ˴˶˽⣬ΪЦ⣬ʶΪԺҲ˺ùһ
͵̧ͷ˫貵ķĿвδоȣֻЩã
ĿڶϽڽ䵽ȾЦһС
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ˣãôҪȰѴͻض˾óȫΣͬʱһ¡
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ټ죬ǲ²Ϊ棬ôԷһָӱҪӡء
˶һۣ϶аѱöԷ
ףңô˾ȫִ˰
á
˰ǽҲǵݵƤ£а飬²Żš
˷ɿö£»ص鷿ڣ֣Խصѵص֪˶˾
ȸ߶˳꼢ȣ⣬ѦɽһֱһղˮŻʡ
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ֻ֣ܰ±˵İȫȻóȫҽΡ
֮Ժ顣
˱ߣҲɾ࣬ڵѰһǸٵѦɽϸ緢һˣʲôû¡
Ȼû˱ҲڵΣ»鷿ڡ
ص鷿ȳ裬ڰѿڱ֮ζɢɾ
һ߳Բ裬һϸ˼յпڹͻȻδˣɼǵ÷˵ͬı
˵˵λÿάϵǵͼıԺٻ󡣡
ҲǶοڹʱ׹˵Ĳ˵ǸѦɽǻŵǸ
۾ź⣬ˣıʲô£ܹδɹ˵ѦɽͣҪѵɱˣȴȰס
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Ȼ򣺡˱˵ͨˡ
˿ʮа˾žѦɽ
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ϤѦɽ˾ڣҲܳûͷ棬Լ档
㣬뾩һ࣬ѦɽٻؾɽʹݸĻԸҲ˺׾ͽݵ΢䡣
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ͼ֮£򵥡
˵˴Ȼֹƫͷ˶⡣
˼ãҶ˾Ҳɽ￴ܣðӲ壬»ּ⡣
ͷá
ס֣ߵҼ̱Ҫ빬ʥһңĸ
֮£ҹ̸
еľ£ѹڽʮ꣬ʮʱŵԩ
񣬰üĿϴԩƾǰ
۵Щȣȴδᣬȥɣҡ
˽ԴӶԷпᶨ
ðĲ£Ҳͬò˵˴˰Ҧ˲żѾ˽ᡣ
Ȼ㱻һ·ֱ
գ֮ʡڼҡ
˼Уδȥͬĸ̸£ȥ游˵˺һȥԺڻ԰￴һԲĸĸ
ĸ׵һۣ̲סۿ
ͬһ㣬˵ܻߣͷϡ
ܻЦſȤ㲻ȥףȥˣô˭ҸίŮҰɣ
񺱻Цͷһ۵ףܿƽ
һ¡
İ˵꣬ѹڵηһѦɽ
֮ʡʱأŽÿһ仰ʱ̲סѹ֡
ѹԭ˭ͽѦɽݹ֮󣬷·˹³ȵۼݱŲȥͽϣһн˽͡
֮ʡմڳ֮ϣԳд½Ժʶһ˲˼ǧзƸ꣬κˣҪʮѦɽ©ȫԺ﷭
񺣬ȴԥһ¡
Ƭ̣˾ģͬĸ̹ͬһУǷУ
˾ֻҪĸ׿ϡ
һӵ£Ȼ϶ͲԥҲġ
˹


85 
֮ͬʡѯ,üȴǼᶨѾ¶˾ġ
֮ʡܻͬһ,һЦ
,񺿴㣬΢΢
׻Щġ
ܻסŮ֣,ƺڿ겡ǸݰͰ͵С
ܻƢ,ر˴ˣ໥Σûʲôõĸ顣
,Ȼ,˼֮£ܻԵʹȻ,ʵ˿
һҵԧ׵Ϸ,ȴ˺³˫,֮ϣĸܲο
ƽУֱˬʣ˿ȴɻǵͷ
ܻ￴Ӷ,ЦЦ˵,˵ŮΪͿǸԶŵˡ
һ֪ˡ
,ǻ˵°ɡ
ܻЦпŮ,⺢Ӵϻ۹,ԼĸҲЩСĽߣȴ֪Ӧʲôѻ
ܹӡ
ܻڷģúúã˵
ſ֮ʡѾ˹´Ѿ֪֪»˰
ıͼͬҼҵİ䵽ͬһϣǷҲ֤ĻʹΪͬһ˻ͬһˣ
֮ʡΪ͵ؿ˿Ů
񺻺³
ԣ֮游ʵʻͼҡ
ǧ治дҲһ˭δʥּһǧб򿪣ʥּʹ䵽ЩУ롣
֮ʡɫʦ¸أ̫Ӷʦ£ֻҪʦɿڣٴʥּ޷׶ҡ
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񺴹̾˿
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вûкޡ
ʱ佥ʼƹٰ참ȫˡ
ʶһķ
䲻ڣȴԶǧţ游Ϊ٣һΪȴ³
ޡ
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ܻŮ֣ⲻǿҪưˣ
֮ʡͷ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ빬ʥϡ
͵̧ͷʶҪȰ裺
Ȱ֮ʡȴ˰֣Ů˰ӦѾҪ׼ƹְҪͬһ¡
һԩٴΪӣΪ۵ǻ֮סãͽ֮㿪ʼҷ
ƽ˼׮֤ȷԩȴһȵ۵ȫƷֻͼ֮
ֻҪ֤ݣһᱻڸǡ
ܹ֮ڡ
񺿴Ž֮ʡеļᶨ˫ԷĵҲĹ⡣
ϣһΣɡ
֮ʡȥ׼빬ʥӣܻͬ˵˻Ż˼ȥ
˼Уϴ£ڶ¥¶̨Ϸ
ƽȥȴδһ鰸һֱڻ԰У˿̼ˣ֪ʲôһߴһʣСôˣѾưˣ
ҡҡͷ̾˿
һˣоɵİһֱǣ֪ܷưӹӣԼһûһҡ֪Ρ
룬Сģүĵñж˳
һδٶԡ
ڵȴʱңѾ鵽һһ㡣
ôǸĻʹȴδһ
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񺣺ʮǰ콫˦פظݣʱҲһȷӪһӭҲɳҲǾһ̴ѷ֣һֱʮնδʤ
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88 ꣩
Ѧɽڱ˾,ֻǱ᷿ڣ˶,屾,һˮδԡ
ȫҽΣҩ,Ǿ˻ֻԺҲֻܲಡ,ͬǰ
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ɹ,֮겻⣬ƤҰףɢʵ˵
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Ѧɽ˵ͷĿඥϵդǻƬ̣䵽󰸵Աϡ
ŬԼһЩʱ¡ȵ۵ǻ͵Դȵگüǧз棬֮ȵֵüĽ˻й¶нⷽ˽ѯüĽٽٽ̰Ľ٣Ѿ͵мͼֽʣµĻУұѴͼȫ£ڲԡ
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