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Ψһ̡ߣR
İ
һǿΪ֮ף۶η֡
֮У˦βͺߡ
ʮľţһߡ
ǿһӲˣǾüѡ
üѵѾн궼û̵ˣÿÿ̶Σ޲͵ؼȥ
ֱһ죬ǼһһſҪƿǵ
ǧΨһ̣ƿǵһ죬۷!
̣Ϊι̶ͷһبr(st)q
ԣǿ󣬰ԵԣԼǳ̣̣̣Ҫ˵飡
ǰѣ
߶ߡ
ǰСɵ𣬺Сְ
ȫԱ̣ûпͷ赽βJ㡣
ǸСϲгúÿˡСͷƵλᶯҡ
ݱǩ ж   ˬ
ؼ֣ǣѩ٣ʱԨ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ıã
⣺ٺڰԨҲսһ졣
Ʒ
ѩһֻɾѪݣԵʻںϽһѾȥУǾ⣬;бʱԨȣһֱߡӭһֻС̣ѩٱ۳裬޷ĳ谮ȴδӰѩԣѩ٣лЦ¼ʱԨ񣬶Ӱе¶ȡһ壬˹ǿֹңóֿǿҵİȾߵÿһˣɢеĺڰȥѧӵůõ硣ȫĽ죬ûйĶǣֻеĻ֣Ͼ֮Ķͣá


1 
һݻĹУϼ쵣ʸʱһЩϡ䱦Ѥñڰײ󻪹⣬ԽΪһ˿֮
ȻЩѾܴȴҪǮɢһضڵأǱ˿ʹһ
ϧһ˶ûУֻһŰ˸ߵģϵľ޴
ͨ崿ףֻеЩܵıⲻ俿ʱѩ׵ĵϲŻḡһ˲ơ
һһ֮䣬·ںһ
·ݡ
һȡؾɵ޸ݣһ乳̬ѩҶƬԴɫӨ⣬
ֳڿв꣬һ綼ǼΪѵãӵһ꣬Ҫƽڴֵ
⹬Уǧȴ泲Ӳݣɰǧ̵¡
Ѿγʵһ̸ǲʱС̡
һȥܷ֣￴ɢҵıһǾϸѡģȫɫȴ͵ġ
屾ϲþȴ̻δƿǣѡıȫȴֲԵ˵ġ
֮Դȴ֪ΪξȻûһغԡ
ǵһ죬ϵѳһ˿ϸ졣
һֻѩӨСŬ˿٣Ѿ鿪ƵĵǿٳһС
ѰĴ۾ڣ¶ֺع۲档
۲˺һһ˶ûУŬȥŴϸ죬ҪסǸƿ
һǿѪжി⣬ôбжǿ
꣬һ꾫Ѫһ굮ǣһմС
ͨƿǵһ죬ѾӵһβܽӲޱȵĵǳ
ϧѩ̲ͨΪԭֻһϢԱߵѪݡ
Ѫ֮˵ѪϹµľѪûɣȻûκιż֧ţʳһѪݵȷܲľѪ
ѪʢŻǿܲޱǿ徫Ѫ֮Ǹ֮٣Ѫݼɹ
Ϊϡֿɹֻľ֮ûɾͻᱻ֣һǶȻǱժĽ֣ڴ֮ǰûһѪܻûɾ
Ѫݸյǣûѧû֮ǰͲܻƴĲ
ǿѹǵһкֻ˳ǣСֿܵСݣֻܱ
û뵽۾һһͱһƬã֮С
СҲ֪ô£Ͼ֮ǰûѪݳɾûκι֪ĴС
ûѪݵĴУҲûĴУ֪ȫȻհס
ò׵Ǹ˵һЩĻɢŷǳϢ뿪Сͼƿסĵط
ϧûĴУµû˽֮ǰҪͽǲһ׵¡
СצӶٺˣ֮ǰ鿪ϸҲֻԱһ㣬ֶ첻ȥ˵ȥˡ
˺þãС۵ſȥҪϢһµʱ洫һ
Ϣÿ˵˵ϢȫһСݺµڵһҶĺ͸ǿδ֪ıܿ־塣
֪ǣƿһ˿϶й¶ǧͷ
˵ʵҲ㣬Ϲʱǧͷ۰һľ뢣˵ͥ񣬵Ҳһսֻ֮ϧǧȥǧͷĺһһղ
ʳıȴǿѪġ
ϢģʹȻʹǧͷǰһϢǿģȻ᱾ܵߡ
ԭֻǧͷֻǴһ˵ôǿ֪һͷԷϢ̫ǿˣҹȥ
׼뿪ʱȴᵽһ˿΢Ϣ̿ɱȳǵһٺǿҲʳʹҪһΡ
СĵǱһֻƿǵ
ǧͷ˲˫Ŀ죬ǿҵʳɢеǣ͵ǰӲĳ๴ǡ
Сݰĵǣⳤһģ˲ķѡ
ǰޱȾ޴۾ĶĹٲ֪£Ҳ֪ԷǿһҪ׶
ʧȥ˵ǵıСܡ
ڴ֮ǰδûΣ˵Ǻнˣȴδվ߶Ҫܣֽȴʹһ£ˤ˵ϡ
ֻǧͷͬδΣȴѾ죬֪㲻ʲôֻһйһֻģսپܰȫ
ۼͷСҪߣǧͷ޴ĳһȣһţСϸ۵Ĳ̷뿪˴˵ء
ߣͻȻڸ߿գûüӺƳСݱŵֱӻͣһϸ۵СմŵҺһ´ǧͷﻬ˳ȥ
ǧͷȥ׷ȴһ籱ٶȸؽС
Ʋ֮УһŽɫϣüĿѩɫʺ죬ī΢һ㲻Ⱦ˳ȴ͸һ΢һ̧ضȻľɫ
˫ӣ˿ƺ΢΢͸һ˿ɻؿŻб籹еС̡
ʱԨ·ȴͻȻİеٶһ˲
ͣٵƬ̣Ϳ֮ԶĵطһϵС
̼䣬ʱԨС׹֮ŵСѾ˻С
СϸûۣմŸճǵҺצ۵ķɫķۺ죬Բ˫ĿֵĻʢһûüµ顣
ϢⷬģʱԨֻһ֣
δС
СҲɵĴڡ
Ÿֻǧͷ񣬲ϸ֪Ϊ
ʱԨϢ˲䣬ǧͷʳԳɢǻСԣǱȻС
ǻ˲䣬ǧͷֱӵתӡ
ʱԨ鲻䣬ǱŻת˸
ת˲䣬ͷ޴ǧͷһǿ壬ʹζδﵽĸ֪ϣֱڰը
ɢѣѪһ˲֮䣬
ըѵѪδ㱻һεϸڱΣδմȾʱԨֺ
бŵС̸ǲ֪ոջ׼һڽ̳븹ľ޴Ѿһ̲ࡣ
ʱԨС뿪˴˵غ󣬺ò׽һΪӭСƿǶ׼ȡʮߣ˵ĵǣԼǽ䱦ǧͷϢʱŭĿ
һһͷɫŭڵĸǵܱߴزϲ
ǧͷ񣡶̣ȫ壡
֮£ɫӰûƲ㣬ֱǧͷϳȥ


2 
ʱԨһ˱Ϊ˲μķᡣ
磬硣
壬ħ塣
ܳвͬԿͨ
δ֮ǰʿΪƣħޣһɣܳɾɣ֮ϣ񣬳
λѳɣѵɹǳɾλǿĴ£ѷʱԨҲòһʾء
ֻԭ˳;ȴͻȻСӴϣʱԨ޷ֻйȰСӴ˲ܼ·
ʱԨйһƷĵĴСаãسɹһӦӦоУڶūɵǲʹ
СϻմҺӦǸճǾͱǧͷ°ߣʱԨūС̱ȥϴǲ˼ūȥ˭̵ġ
ūȥʱԨ࿿֮ϣưȻĿٻǴЩɻġ
嵱У˵ģӵħ壬аҪҪΪŬ
ƽͬڴ˴己ѣħ壬һͨ˼Ҷʮ˸ӣһҲܲһ̵
п˵Ϊ
һǿ󣬸ճ̶ɵʵֻгɾλܵһƣɾ
ֻ壬Ǹƿǵ̣ҲñһС
Ϊǿ֮ףе٣棬ҪȱһЩƽ⣬ȱģ÷ˡ
ûǴнû˭̽ˡ
⽫ͬϰĴϲ¡
һ̣Ŀ⽫ȫۼڴˣ˵ˣͷºݺҡһǶܸɵó¡
ڣһӵˣȻϢҲδŹʱԨԭͱ˲׽Ӵ࣬ȴҲʵЩ˼
ɻ˼ʱūѾϴõӹˡ
ʱԨ̧ȥ֮ǰڰϸ۵С֪ǻ˾Żƿز㣬ѾСΡ
֮ͯΣѩ׵Ƥںڵͫ˫շ飬¶
ʱԨ΢ɼ££üͷȻû̸ǺԼҲǾڵġ
δƿʱѾĴУڿжȹͯڣ֪µˡ
һԵ¶޴ģܳϣǸƿǵ̡
ūϴõС̷ŵʱԨԱˣߣϲź
ʱԨǰѩɴ£ĵһƤԽɫһ̰ӣָⲻɵС˵㣺˵
Сݴ˿ɳãȻ㱻ԣֱ˾£Ȼǰ˵ϢҲǿη壬ֲ̫̲סϲĵһˣǳôÿˡ
ǶԷ˵ʲô̫Ŵ۾գգ͵Ŀһ뵽֮ǰǸԴ
ʱԨЩһʧ̬
ӿĿǺѹ£ųҲ
Сֻ֪ЦĴ۾˰£ͷͼȥҪ׽
ϧʱԨΪһָСӵüģ赲Ŀ˳̽һʶ
ûдУʶհףǰ첻㡣
ʱԨͷɻʵ벻ʧ⣬˵֪ƿǣЩһֻζ첻ǧͷʳԵɡ
ٲ㣬ǲҲ˿ǡ
ʱԨƬ̣ͱСӽΪ̫Сӻûѧ·жΡΡ
Сһɻ˹ִЩеСץָ⣬һ̧̣ͷһ䣬ʢЦ׽ϲؿڣ
ʱԨץԼ֣һ̲סǣ꣬趼ûȴͻȻҪӣͷۡ
ʱԨū̽Ϣʱʮ߸շɵǧͷء
ǧͷҲ壬ϹʱڣҲһ壬ϧһһ̾һ½Ժһû䵽ֻȦһΪع˷ܡ
ȻǧͷʳıԣδҪǧܻεУʱͬգûǧͷһѾֶ䱻ˡ
Եһͷɫһβʹн磬޼ɵµ籩ʱǻλδεǧͷȫʧĻҶܣһ˿
Щֻǧǧͷ񿸲סǿѹܾܶѪء
ǧͷûʵҲйأǿ䷱ѣħóȺϹʱǧͷһϣϵĺѪӣһȥˡ
ɼеҲδӶ٣ÿһδε̶˵Ǽġ
ۼͷɫ֪Ϊشɱ䣬±峤æסĹʱϽ˵ء
Ϣŭ֪ǧͷһкε֮ʾ
ڰյĺŭڣϢŭȫ嶼Ϣ˱ŭ°̣Ϣụ̆Ҫȫᣡ
ʮ߾޿һţһصӿ֮˲䱻ȼĲľԻңöߵǧͷҰһд
峤״ѣֻȫǲΪɱɱʲộ̣ҲǧͷǸͱ°ߵģۼԼأ峤Ҳ˲ֱӻԭ֮ȥ
ūѲһȦʱԨưݷ˼Ķȴδ̽κι̵Ϣֻûȥ
ʱԨֻǰ˰֣ūˡ
Ҳ֪̽ѰʲôϢˣ̣οԼҵ̣ûˣ飬ºҪ̽һˡ
ڼͷС̵ֻܵȴٲˡ
µūֹһ˲ܿͱˡ
ôϢ·Ҳֻǧͷ巢ϳˣԭŻҲûϸ̽Իǲ˵ˣһ֪Ĵǵϲ
ūºʱԨ̹˱ޱСӡ
СӶʱЦۣ۾һֻСֽűԴС˶ٵıӣһ߳ЦһŬţɼǶúˡ
ʱԨ̾һˣٰܲˣձ֣һӦѩֱǱ㵥һְɣϣһ죬Ѱ͹·


3 
ֵС̸ɵһűĴ˸ζĹǷžĴ۾ҿ˿±ĸɸɾĿտǣʱԨڵķȥ
ˣ˯İĵط֮ǰһҲǾδԱܵѰһðȫĵطŸ˯
ҲΪʱԨΣ²㱻ԵʱֻʱԨϽӴĵһˣһ˿ڣҪʱԨȥ
ʱԨҲϿС̵ĶߺȲ㣬ץ½̧ͼʵǡ
ճǲã̸Ҳֽ㣬ò׽ק·վȴֲΡΡվȵسȥ
ʱԨһֻС̵ĺûϷˤȥȴҲʵʵˤ˸ƨա
СӵƨСҲᣬûˤۣȥԼ˯ĵطʵĲУһԶ˿޺ܡ
໴޵СӣʱԨջ֣΢΢һ׼ūСȻ޺ֹȴδĴ㣬һ߳ҭһٴ·̧
ʱԨһûԹۣСһҪץסʱְ˳ţһֱԸԳϣؿں󣬿Žͣ£Ȼҭҭ۵˯˹ȥ
ŨܵĽëմʪϵ۶ûɣ۵Сצӻץ½󣬾ϵǶΪ޶ԼЩ죬ӼĹ򣬾Ϳ˯˹ȥɼˡ
ʱԨϵСӣߴϵۣ˫ץ·С֣һֽ̰ӱһᴥֽţ󻹵ٶ
½ǣʺϸճǵС̾еĴﾡĵرڶ࣬ԱҵǹԼǿףС̵ȴûС
ʱԨͣ׼̷硣
ֻż˯ɽǰ½ץŵСӣʱԨ޷ֻūȡɺᶷסһֱ˯̰һйȥ
֮бϣɵʵҪͨ缸ܡ
̳ͨʵͿɣǲ㣬÷ɺỤһ¸ȫ㡣
ΪʱԨҲصģз˺翪ٳأΪ½޷ܵģҪص½磬ֻܽѹơ
˽粻ͬ൱Է붼ѡػ磬ɱλ
ʱԨԼ񹬣ǧ궼δػȥһΣеһжɶ㣬ʱӭ֮ĵ
ȴһ񾹲һ˻ģֻ¶һСǵС´ɶӭЩ˹ߵӭ
Ȼæ񣺡ӭع
ɶŻݣ´׹֮ƣĹӭ֮쳹˲ǧ֮
ʱԨڵСӷŵ˴ϺſڳһֱԸЩСĿ֮
˵һ񹬿ⷿƽѷУȡ֮ⲻ˵ס
СȻ鲻֪СǷСҲ壬ã֮׵֮㲻ҵ󣬵˷Ը̴æˣֽЩίС
к˯С̰㲻֪Ϊ綼ҪƷˡ
ʮ߶ǧͷأǧͷû䣬׻Ի͹бҲв٣ۼʮʧ˿أһ岻ݵƣǧͷ峤ֻö塣
ͬʱҲǲеĳȥѰ
ʶϽһ崫УȻͬΪ壬ΪʣһЩϣǱȽϽƽģΪϹԨԴͬϲǧͷһ壬ҲԼ˲Եɵĸˡ
ڷỹҪЩʱղſʼеʱܴ˽ȥʮԼǧͷ峤һ
ȥʮߵĻʮߵˣѪϻմס
һôݵǧͷأϪ̲סһһѽɱ۵ͷɫ˸ʵ
ʮ߱ȻΣһǹϪƿڴϹ㽲Ҹʲô
ϪԼߣһھ㣬㻹˼ѾֵǶú¸ôɣ
޷ڵʮߵų˫ĿϪ
һΪֿʮߵĹĹǧ峤뿪ڿ޸ңͱϪĿһҲͬһǰȥʣǷǶԴǶоϣ
˫Ḷ́ϪжԵɣʮСӾԸЩ𱬰ԵҲ嶯һЩɱ֮ˣԵ޹ʵģܴ֮Ĵ
ԹϪһ㶼ģ˲¹ͷƫһЩ˷ȥһЩຮ֮ЩƤ֮ࡣ
Һøһͬǰȥʵǧ峤֪λϪ룬ҪһѪô۸ģ
ֵⷬʵ̫󣬾ǧͷϣΪ˫ʵ⣬ǧͷǧ￪ⶼ޲Ƶߣ򽻵Ҳ֪һôǵʮߵͷϡ
Ϫմ˻صͷ˲ٹԿֵ壬һֱ֣ӽĽ翪赲ЩߵĿ̽ŽС
ѾȵУˣһֽȥʮϵͬʱָǧͷ峤һֹﲻͣд
ʮ꣬Ϊ꣬λнȾƣǲڣҲһʮѹȸС
һʣǧͷ峤Ѿŵûֹ̿أѪΪıܿ־壬Ϊһ֮ʵȴΪɣԱߵ硣
ϪüôԩҪߣ
ǧͷ峤æΪǧͷһңҵҲ֪Ҫдɱ䣬޶ȥʵ޹
ã廤̣ΪҲܹƫǧͷ峤ЩС˼˵ϣܶʮߺݺطһٶǶಹһЩһ޶ֻ£ƽ
΢ηϣĿתʮߣĽ͡
ȴ˺һֻʮĿȴڡ
Ϫѽ˶ʮߵķھʮ߲ڣָһϣϽģʵ޶˽壬ʻ̣ҲٲҪطľ߸˿
ò࣬ÿһĺܣʮСӣСʱûڣһֻ۱һֻ͵ⷿٱʶʮ߻˽⣬һת֪ˡ
ʼֱҪСЦˣ˻֪ˣǧͷ嵽ױСŪѪɺӣҪҲܻ̫ԣֻÿڵʮߣнͣ
ϪʮȻˣһ⣬޶ǻźۼǰĴ˾˵
ʮϪ˶㣬ʣСһŵƿˣҴˣһֻǧͷ͵ʳˡ
Ϫ΢΢üʲô˭ĵ
ȫû룬Ҫһ㶯ûУ˵ƿǲűֻ֪ʮߵʲô߽޵ĵǧͷ͵ˣ˻
ʮߵһ䣬ͬڶڵǰ
ʮ˵꣬ųһĻͶӰӰĻУһѩ׵ڶĵرӵţϵƱֵܵ⡣
һĻڵ˶ס˺Ȼǲ֪ʱһ
ܿӰĻеǿŵƣһֻСͼٿǣţһֻǧͷ˽һ˳ѿķ϶˵ǣճСŵûæӡ
ĶҪᵽɤ۵ʱֻǧͷһţֱӽճǵС̵ˡ
ӰĻͽˣھˡ
֤ɽǧͷ峤ĸɸһʱһƽӷϵͷ˸飬ŭ쳹ǧͷȫ壡
¸סը˹
壺˵һֻС
壺⻹û˵һͱǧͷˡ
ߵıȽϽķ֪ĸࣺʮСҪռȴɴˡ
壺һʱҪëСˡ
壺ǸǧͷɲһģǻΪһ̸
ڰëСǧͷ񣺡ԭû뵽˸˸ͷ


4 
췭ظ˿ûӰ쵽磬ڶεɾ쳣֡
ʱԨͲһÿ͵ˣйӴɶ֪ӣ֪˳鹬Ҳֻµϰ񣬲δš
˻صգ˳鹬֮ˣȻ֪ʱԨ߶һС
ǵ֪£˭̵ѪоʹĴС
ѩٲ̣ʲô֪˺ܶҪߵ˽̣·ְַŽ̻ġ
ѩٻߺĵһ£Сյ鹬ʱԨ
·ûȫȵͿʼǽҴܡ
ԼһɶСĸں滤ţȻ֪СϴĴֵܵһ˵ˣǻСĵĽһء
Сŵ
ڳһȦһȦǰԼҪҵˣѩٻϲغһ˹ȥСÿڳر˯СʱԨָһ
ԨԨ
ʱԨ΢һֻɫӱѳ嵽ĻС
С̳ɳٶȼ죬һһǵһ·ߣվѾˣԳһЩ
ǰѾ˵١
ֻԼ֮ԨԨƺͱСӺˡ
ڵԼˣʱԨһĺ󲱾óΪ񡣡
ѩٱĲʱԨŤŤ俴Ų˿£ֻСֽʱԨֱۣŽ̲ģԨԨ
һԵֻǰӰһ˫ʶſһѽס˳߱ͶС
˸ѩգĴ۾ϣѩ׵İ΢΢С컹ûüæŤͷ
ʱԨȥæŤҪƨߵĸں׷ȥ
ΣæɶҲæ׷ϡ
ٶǶûӲС׷ϵġ
˾ǰ治Զĵط׷ϵѩһżµĲӾˣûˤϣͱһѱ
ѩָʱԨ뿪ķίͰ͵ؿ飺ԨԨ
ҪæյϹ¼ûأȥºòã
ֱ׿ʱԨӰˣѩŵͷ鱧ȥϿΡ
ճʱԨճĽ󲿷ʱѩٻǺܹԵġ
ΪһԼɾѪݾȻ¶հףԲɵֻҪ˽յĺܿ졣
˵Сǲ㣬Ѱ֮黹ΪҪ̻СһЩʶ֮ѣû뵽Сϻ۵ĺܣһ̾ͻᣬʴӱ
ŶǰεС̲סĸģŴһС
С˿ԴãĿԼæ˼֣ʵС𣿿ﲻģ
ѩٵͷˡ
Ϲ¼һʱʷӺɳ絮¼˸֮ľΪѩٵ֮ոպá
ֻ沢ûдΪʲôһݣȴֱѩСĵĲʣҲ˾֪ˡ
˽Ŀγ̣ɶ
ֻУһ֣赶ʮϵľһ走ܵһҺ
ؾ֮֮ܳǼΪѵãܻϴ裬ꡣ
ҪǿȴּºͣʺϳʳãǿΪ¼ʵĻ
ʺ׶ͬ洦ѵãֻÿǧһεŻῪһ԰һ֮ܵһ
ĿʱԨв٣ϲÿһþֶ˳鹬Ŀⷿû뵽ڸպ̡
ֻֻеѾ̫ܳԣһҪһţһŹһŽҪһ벻ģٹЩʱСûóȰȰѩһš
֮ǰûϸµչˣѩӹòڣûӵʱԨڱϿԼŹܡ
飬ѩٳԵֲڡ
һŹӱпζʮĹҺУִһԵƿƿ޹Ҩһ龫רŵƵҩۣǿͨģоİģвอģãϡҺѾճĹˡ
һԵѩ͵ȲˣսӴ֪ʳʢʱŵζĶ̲סҪŵҧһҧ
Ա㣬ΪҩԵʣѩٿʼˡ
ѩٵϢСʼǷ㽫˱ȥ׼õԡأһܽ壬ССԡҲǷҩҺģÿһݳѭ򽥽ض塣
źС˯£ɶСĹſڱȥæˣڷڼöڹ鶼Ҫٳ֣һ̶޷С
ѩС˯һ֪ǲһǿ˯ҹİҩƺòˡ
۾Լڴһ澲ĵģѩֱڱﻯһСһ´Ӵ϶˳ȥ
ѩٵı൱飬Ŭһž֪ʱԨĶֻҪʱԨڳ鹬ĶѩٶѰζҹȥ
ͨǰҹߣѵƵҹɫһǳȴһֻ˯Сҹľס
һʱԨѩһ·ɵϡ
ЩӱĵرιСԭʹһ֮ɳ˸ߣԭʹСһצӴ
СպûκβʱԨһȦǿ۵СͷʱԨľѴͷǻʱԨϲ䡣
ʱԨϢ֮ºǶ̶̵Сצʶ΢΢ſβͼ⻹ذڶ£СɢϢ
ղŷɹĶЩ󣬴΢罫԰еһŷӣĻֱ䣬ѩʱԨɺʱѾ˲ٵĻꡣ
ʱԨҲûճ˵Сһߣһ֣ϵĻ궼ʱԨɨ˯£΢΢һͷܿͷԼǿŴģޱרעԼĳγۡ
ѩͼԼǲʱʱԨ̧Сḧһ£Сճˡ
ѩٵβʱԨȦ˼֣ǵϲԨԨ
ʱԨջĿ⣬ϿյĺǺΪҾ㣿
ѩٶ˶ԴʱԨؿڿ֪û˼Ǹӵıﻹδѧᣬֻһ䣺ϲԨԨ
ʱԨûһϵѩ˯ţ˯źػûΣֻһ¡
ȻҲһﶪҲδػ˵ǳǳҹɫ΢
ʱԨ̧ḧһСȭͷؿڵĸ첲ִӴȡһ޸ë֯ë̺һСӵϡ
ӣĻɢҹƮ䣬׹µĺ屴΢ζ졣
¹ھ԰еʱԨ֪ǻë̺ȣǽȻ˯С̫ů
δҹһ¶ȡ


5 
ѩٵĴϻ۳һʼԤϣ֮ǰƶѧϰƻҪˣ糣ʶͬʱҲѩٿʼѧһЩ
ЩйԵȻֲ̣ԼҲֻᣬϸҲֻͬ壬Ѫ֮ȴǧʸȥһֻ߽һЩճõ޷
ѩٵĵһǻ
㲻ͨ壬ƴŬΣԸѧϰ͵ѩͷϵ޷ȥֻΪճǲãǸ̵С̣ٳһЩշˡ
ûǧͷ£Ҳһٽѩٻʱڣǰӵľ䵥ͷϵǸݵѰɼ˶ñãײǡ
СЩ⣬֪丸ĸȱ˴УƫĹͣԵչˣҲȱź򱣻ˣһ
߱󣬷û䵽ᶼûʸμӵǧͷһǵ壬Ϊһʳܳɾǣλɰɾλָտɴ
һ뵽һС䵥ˣʲô⣬֮ͽΪʶݣܲˡ
ѩͷϵĽǣе㲻̫ϲǽʱԨϲĸо
Сֽ͵ڳ鹬Ȼ𣬵棬ʱһǻܶ໵˵죬ҪԵǧͷСһҪڱǿ֮ǰѧᱣԼ
ѩԵ˵ͷ˼Ȼ編ǿ޾壬߾Ҫѧر
ǵԼһݵʱ򣬾ͿһֻСӣԼɫȫҶƬ֮£ʳС׷
ҲҪֻСһԼɸһģͲᱻԵˡ
ѩѧĺģһѧˣɹԼͷϵǻȥʱ˳ȥʱԨ֡
СŬſʱԨϢյСԽԽȽرţƹ˺üƵĻȣ¹̨ʱԨ
ʱԨѩٵӾҹĻеǳľˣһӱ˹ȥסʱԨȡʱ߸ոյʱԨİϵĸ߶Ҳֻܱסˡ
ѩֻʱԨûԱߵˣסʱԨԴԨԨǽǲ
һЦԱһ˼ԨԨ
ʱԨƳ£ֵͷѩ٣أ
ѩٻͷһۣվ¹̨ûһֳֻǱָָǶ
ʱԨϵС˺ƣȥ顣
ѩٲ룬Ϲ¼ˣҲѧˣʣµľЩƯǴˣ棬ʱԨһ
ʱԨ׼򷢸飬ѩٽץ½ǲСͶ޲졣
ʼС޴ڸе޿̵Ŀһ˵ʱԨһСģ
ѩŷֹʱԨ
һվʱԨ£ʱԨüۼƺһ˫ЦۣʱУ˼̲֮סøС
İˣѩٴ˵ʱԨϣץ·˶㣬̲סð˸Դ۲Է
һЩޣصھͻȻһȻẦߵģô͵͵ģ¶ʱסˣɰССһŶԲ۾ݰףװƵģ־һѡ
ûѩٵ־ͱʱԨȥ
µҲ⣬СһȻ˻ڣϲδκڸϢķǰֱһࡣ
ֻû뵽꣬պѾȻˣǰС̣̲סпҲ̫˰ɣɰ
˵žͰѩֵðСɰĺѣԽ塣
ץʱԨѩ̧ͷ濴һۣȻ£̺ؾǵԨԨҲСɰҽѩ٣ѩǰѩѩѰٵ١
Ҫǵźӵ治̫Ӱĺ볰ЦԨԨǸʲôƺ֪ĻΪ⺰СɰأʱԨһ㲻
С̵ҽܣæúãԨԨѩ٣Сѩ٣ָң͸㡣
ѩ̧ͷ˿ʱԨʱԨͷŽԼ۵Сצӷŵµġ
µָѩٵһ㣬ԭһ˲һֻ֦ϸ
ɫ̵ÿһƬ֦ҶοյƣϸȥÿһοжԼ⸡ϸڴ¡
ѩٻ˻Լᣬо˿̲סһֻСϲĽ
ߣѩЦ۵سлл塣
ʱԨȴü£̫ˡ
Ʋۣȴһƺ֮ƣ߶֮·죬ܱΪ壬Ʒʮ
ֻ⹥ѩòܽѩϵڸɾʶ̽Ҳѩٵĸš
һЦѵãȻض֣ûС̳ˣҵģҪǾҿˣǰŵ۽Ұա
»û˵꣬ʱԨֱӷתѩҲ˲ϵˣֳµټæС׷ʱԨ
ſ˲ӵĴˣܵҡҡڰڵ׷СӰʢЦ¸ЦۣͻȻһֻСһ氡
һߣò׷ʱԨѩ٣һѱסʱԨĴȣֻŷǳ̧һ˳ȲҼһʱԨϡ
ʱԨͷ˫գųĴ۾ϣ΢΢üԼߡ
ѩˣıҡͷԨԨ
ʱԨͼ˺ʱĵرţСҲʱСϵľأŬϵʱ˺
ѩʵǲͳƣԴСǹٴӿ֣ɿ
ѩٺҡͷܾ
ʱԨǳûиЭ㡣
ĿĴɵѩ˲ЦһС˫һɣ˫Żûأ󲱾·ʱԨס˱һһͱ˻СƨʱԨֱϡ
ѩٸ߸˵§סʱԨĲӣһֻŻĵػεȴʱԨһƴƨϣҶ
ѩٶʱˣɢȥ˻¶ͷϵСǣʱԨϲ˲䡣


6 
һ̺¶ǣϸѩٲ˲ַͣһɹԱߣѩԽԽÿʳҲԽԽ࣬һűѾ̫ˡ
˵ƿѩپͿʳһЩ⣬˵ѩٸʳһЩʵûкôȳһЩõӡ
϶ѩٵ׽ɫ֪ѩϲĽбʣ࣬ϧÿԼƵķ˽
еһ壬˵ѾλĻӴļҵף۶Ҫۺ켸֣Ӳ׳Լ֮ֵ覴Ʒ
˭˲֪ʱԨҵܷپҵϣҵƳķͨϾܽԴںϡ
ЩδʱƵķ⻻ȡһЩԴлмֹķδֹܷĶĵر
ԼƵķȡ˵ˣ۶ЩҪҪǰ԰ժһιˡ
֮⣬䲻ϲ˽ʵξȻɹϰ
Գģĵվɷ֮Уһ֮أˣ֮ʵǿ̤㡣
̤ʿˣĵرĲŵõе޸Ƕ಻ʤɴ¹ΪϡУΪΪƤ⵽Ѫﶼ˿ʵޡ
ȻֻгĲУڳ¹Ʒá
ʱԨؿڸ֮ǿϲǾѪҵޣ¹Ȼ⣬ºͣʳϣһ¹ǶûС
ٹЩʱѩپͿԳЩˣ¹ȻõѡʱԨֻһˣԳĵжȻвٴ
Щ¶ѩٲ֪ģÿʲôͳʲôʲôѧʲôڵֻҪԺֺúó
ſɹѩٿ黹û㽫иɾĹ˷ʯϣԼ˲մȾĹ֭׼ȥʱԨÿû
Ļع飬ʱԨЩҲ΢æЩŰݼٲϲӦҲҪ
ʱԨ͵ʱѩٶԹԲȥţ˵иʲô˵ЩͬʱԨһܲҲ֪û
ѩСվһ·ͷϹѾغõǣȥʱԨǽ⴫죬⻹һ洫ʱҲȥʱԨˣĺİǽ⿴ȥ
ǽ֮꣬һЩ΢üͷ΢һЩһ˵ʲô
Ǹ΢һЩü۾һЩЩɪƺЩ£Դֱҡھܾʲô
ѩĶһʱͱһѽкԼ۽䱸̧ͷԭǸСԻǷĶ
ѩԴЩذǽϿǣʲôѽ
İкС΢΢˿Сѯʣæûûʲôֻ·Ͼߡ
ǽСͯһȻģǳγ˫һ׵ĵ棬۾һתЩʲôڳѩʣ˭
ѩִֻǽϣ°͸ֱϣζһԴǣѩѽ
ɨ۹ǽǳ鹬ģ
ѩȻûгȥô֪Լסĵطʲôǵ˵ͷʣأ
ϪǾ
Ϫ˵Զһ£ҪҪһȥ棿
ϪĻľЩ̧ͷϪŵ󡣾ȻϪĴ㣬ʵıû
ȥ棬ѩٵ۾û磬е棬еڴе㺦£ԥ
̫ÿˣϪɨһ۱ܲµʲôǼ֪ɣȥɹǳɾλʢ£Ӵֶһλ칬ˣʢһл֪ʲôʱˣûʶʵǿϧҪҪһȥʶʶ
ѩĶˣȻʱԨͺܿģⲢӰĺ棬룬ѩٵܵȵҪȥԨԨ
Ϫ֪ԨԨ˭ſչЩСͯĹ£㣬̫Ǿˡ
ѩӦһٷ¹ǽʱԨԺȥ
С󣬾קϪʲôֲȥ棬㻹Ҫһ
Ϫʳָھһãʲôط
űõĶͷ鹬ôˣ
Ϫ鹬Ŀһλ밡ð¶˻߱ץˣи鹬СͯǶţ䵽ϵػЩɣ嶼ر𻤶̣ôŶỤԼСͯİɣ
Щ̫ȷĿ𣿡
ǿôܻȥһСͯ¡
ϪʵҲ֪᲻ᣬŷ˶е˭СͯԼײģɽˣò׳ŷ˻¿ûܱǡ
ȫ֪֮˵СƣѩٻСȱʱԨʱԨԺѾûпˣ˵ϣԨԨ
ʱԨһҲָԼһ裬΢磬պø˳ѩܹʱһƱҵķ
ѩ۰Ͱ͵ؿҿԳȥ𣿡
ʱԨϣȥ棿
ѩٵͷʱԨһڲˮǾȥɡ
Ӧʣ¸ʶѾõȣѩתͳȥ
ѩܳԺӺʱԨǰһиֵĳӰ˵̸һֲʱԨĶС
֪ʱԺе飬ŭתȥ׷Сٸ֪ߵغСӺݺһѵȴ뱻ʱԨ
鵣ǵС
ʱԨܽ·ȴû취ģʲôʲô·ǶԼ¡
˵СףЩҲؼһʱɳЩ²ýҲܻģѶҲٶ˵ˣôԼСԿˡ
ѩٴϹǽ֮ǰԼĶͷȷǲغˣŴӹǽ
ƽվѩŷԼһߣϪҪ԰һЩ
⻹һνӴԼһСˣѩҲ֪罻֪˵ʲôá
Ϫʱȣʡ˳ʶ罻ֱѩپߡ
ѩٺ׷ʣҪȥ氡
Ϫͷһۣ֪԰𣿡
ѩҡͷ֪
ϪҪȥ԰Ǹܴ԰ӣкöûı
ѩٶʱһʵνıû̫Ȥ鹬ıû꣬ıֻ뿴ѡ


7 
ֱһλصԭ㣬ѩ֪ղϪ;ڹǽִʲôˣһ̧ͷոĹǽѩ̲סǺֻصˡ
Ϫѩ٣ǳ鹬ǲʲô󷨣
ѩҡͷʲô֪˵鹬Ͳ֪ˣȥﶼǳͨûбġ
һɥĿϪô찡ǲ߲ȥˣ
Ϫ˿ֿһãȻѩ٣ǿߴ·
ʱһŵǴ·кܶѲ
˵ʶԼ˵ʲôæѩٿȥѩٴ仰ʲô
Ȼѩʲôûֻǲô𣿡
ϪһִھϣǸղžΪľѾǵĴƻˣԸղ˵ԭ·˻ȥߴ··ѲǴɽģҪǱסǲģ˵ط
죬֮ر죬Ҳɽ磬˽ħģֻܵһ죬ɽײ㣬ٴξ󣬲ƿһͶıϣҪϵ죬˵ĳͻԵֻܳ
;Ƕģǵĸĸ˽ʿѾܵĶ壬󣬱˶죬ֻɣҲоͷģֻʣ;Ϊˡ
ͬĽţϪıܵ͵͵ȥģҪᱻץģԿһҪ㡣
С·ʵƲϪߴ·佫ʱ˷ȥððա
ԱȾĵǣѩȫ֪ηĴܣֱϪ߻˴·ϣǵһ˫۾Ķˡ
鹬ľɫѾˣϾֻһܱȵù硣
߻ش·ϺĿıݷɺףƣдӸƲµȪ٣ͷϻܿһЩ
ѩٸ׼ϸͱϪһס𵽴ҿ
ѩָָϿգʲô
ϪһĿѩ٣·ɣ㲻ҪҿĿȥǴ󲻾ƢõСһˣƢõģ㶼ǻá
ѩæջĿ⣬СĵĸϪ棬ЩɺװܿԨԨá
˻û߼ͿѲϪǳĽһʯȵ˹ȥ˿
ЩɫףճǹһʷǷôһ߹ȥơ
ѩ͵һ۾ͲٿڶۣѹϪǶЩȷÿ¡
Ϫ;һϪѩٵ·Сʵûйƣ
ѩãĿʲô
Ϫüʲô֪ôڳ鹬ͯģˣҲָˡ̫Сûʼ£ȻÿԼ
ϪǵĿȷ԰ɽһ㶼죬֮ǰںϻǮĵͼ֪ǼǰĶˣЩطͼϲһ
԰ڵһֱûб䶯ģЩ·üΪѩٿÿĵط˶Щ֣Ϫһѽ˸˻һ·Ҳоա
ҪҸȴȫǸԼ˸鷳ٴζݺݵѩ٣ССһ㣡
ϪȻɵĺףѩһ㶼£ԱҲЦǺǡ
Ⱥò׵԰ſڣַˣ԰н磬ѲӵܼˣǸͽȥ
ѩٸǶʯں󣺡öһҪȥʲôǿɵı𣿡
ϪҲû뵽԰ֹн磬Ǹͽȥò׵Ƿʵǲġ
·ѩʱϪͷĻӿԱߵǸȥ
Ϫ̲סһǽ
һԵѩٲ֪£ҲЩʲôھϪתתȥ
û˵ȽϺãһѩԼԼƭٴһǸʲôˣʵΪ˾ˡ
ѩɻĿˣ
һѩٽ͵԰жܾһǱҪȥץܻء
ѩ٣˵ҳ档
˿Ϫ̹׵ʵˣ͵͵ģ֮ǰɽˣг鹬ôһ˵ܰ˵˵飬Բƭ㡣
ѩٶڵϣ˫ֻϥϣеʧǲҪѰ
ߵĺ͸ˣûôƭˣǿѩʧüۣεĲУҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôڵֻʣԲ
˵Ϫͷɽôܸɽ˵ѣ԰Ҳȥ߰ɣҲûˡ
⻰ѩٵûʲôֻǲ棺Ϊʲôɽ˲ܸɽ˵ѣɽǸʲôĵط
С˲ܸ˵ѣһ㣬ȻɽѾܴﵽĶˣɽҲȫɣҺϪǵĸĸͨģûʲôұ·˶죬ЩʵҲûʲôҶ㣬˵ˡ
ȼƶЩ֮ǰҲи˵ҵȼ񼶱ĵȼѪ飬֧ͱȲϷˣצԣԶȲצ
ײ㲻ͬһ㣬ѩٲ֪Ҫηƺһ㶼޷ֻҪˣнײ㡣
ײ㲻ͬܵһ㣬ѩپòԣѽˣֲݱ֮ǰͼһ߾һֻӾѣϵɺˡ
˵ͲˣѩٵǸڸңȫԴӲͷϰ
ϪЦһӲû¾ͱˣοӲ͵ȫһͷϣһСͯܵʲô£˺ˣ߰ɣҪǲǵûȥ·ֱһǳ鹬ģȻȥ
ѩٿǣҪô찡ҪȻȥǱŵ˵·ˣһȥǳûȥ
۾һܿͱϪһˮˣ㵱ɵӣû쵱ôĿŵĵɽǻţ
ѩͣҲҲС
Ҫ°𣿡
ѩٵͷˣҪǣҲ鹬ľɫǱץˣҾԨԨ飬ҼԨԨˣ
ϪûĻ棬Сƨһδµģִɵܽ˺ƭˣҪڣһͱ˲֪ȥˣָ治ָԼ
ӴŲýֻ취Աƿûʲôָľٶȴ뻹汻Ƿʲô
ѩٺ;ûע⵽ʱϪһѽʯûãϷ˴ͳһ·Ҳ֪ĸģҿ˿ƺȷûʲôע⵽֮󣬱ֱӴ͸˽԰С
԰Ľ粢ʲôǿĽ磬ҪǷһЩݣǷɽ԰̣ĶҲ裬ܴ͸ȥġ
ǲʲôӽ磬ͷ붼ͱϪˣΪʲôĽȥҪô͵͵ġ
ں΢˵ȣʱ䣬ȥƶˣҲԶˣǰ
໥˿Ϫվ˺㣬ԡ
Ϫ˵꣬վԼЩŵ֣մʱЩϪ΢õֱӴ͸˽ȥ
Ҳ֪ô£ܽ԰УǻʲôϪһ˽ȥ
ѩٿһۣȽ㣬Ҫһֱӻȥɡ
˵Ҳ˳Ϫʧǵ˽ȥʣѩҲ룬͸˽ȥ


8 
ѩһȥײԭصľҪϪԱһһ׼ˤһӡ˵ʲôϪֿĽһþ޴֮ǰ˻ײˡ
ϪĽ䱸ܣѩѾƲסԼ˫۵ˣɵ÷̾ԭ԰ѹֽ԰أ񣬺
һԵľҲŵͷϪɽҲȥٵطˣ˵ҲǼʶ˲٣ͬûôĵط
԰赳ȺĻľҲȫǾӨ͸񣬾Ǵ˿̲ĴǱϾ
԰Ŀɫ׵ɫϵĺķ۵ģǶЩ̫ˣｫײˡ
ھǵǽĿģ̾ԻϪҪҵĶﰡ
ѩҲתͷҪʲô
ϪóһƤһĶúܼһϵĹӡ
ѩٿüȫôĶһ
ϪָƤϵĹӵǱֻ԰вУҪҵľ
˿ϪóǻӰͶӰҪƷʵӰѩһһ۾ϳÿ춼Ե̹ӣϧѩٲ֪Ե̹ӽʲô
򵥵Ƥֻʵǳ󣬾һԲԲĹӣӲԲԲôֲˡ
Ϫ;񶼱ȽʶӣѩپԼǲǸˣҪԼҴ˻ʱ䣬ˡ
˳ĽֻҪ˳ԭ·͵͵ĳȥˣһҲ˳Ϫ;˵ɫɺܶࡣ
ѩٿ̬Ƹղǰ㽹ţûסʵǸǷʲô°ɵ𣿡
Ϫҵ棬û
ͱȽ֪ͣ໹ǽѩٺøв٣Ǹ˵ƷϾ߼ƷıƵҲ޷ȫֵҩ۸񰺹軹ֹһţ鲻˵򶼲֪Ķ򣬵Ҹղ˵ֵҩΪѵã֪Уƴһƴ˵õ
ѩŶһֵʲô
Ϫͷѩ٣ôʲô֪ô쵽ɽ绹˳鹬ģ
ѩ޹黹ûôడ
ϪһۣæǷõҩǸҩ⣬˵ͦӣҪ𣿡
ѩͷҪ
ǸǺһңүүһ£һҵĴС㣬һٶǰҴǸҵһ֮Ҳʧˣֻʣˡ
ѩٰһÿ
ŵͷǰ⻹ҵģǳ֮ò˳ˣʱƣû취ˡ
ѩٻûʼ̫ǻô
û취ۼ͵޷͸ͨˣ֮ǰǾ͸˵У˾ϣͨ߶ˣ˵ɽˣ粻иδ˼磬ˣ֮ǰҹϵܺã¾ʹϣǱϲÿЩŴƽˣ˽¶˽࣬϶ҪС
ЩѾȫѩٵ֪ˣϾһֻųǲһµС̰֮ǰΪСݾҲݲݣ˶û
˵ıߣΪϻ£ֲǰϾɱĳԾ͸˵߷õҩʵٶе㵤ǷõҩҩЧܵһЩʣЩӰ첻󣬻Ϊ⣬ͻٻڽӰ籾˵ҲֻᵱǼɴõҩԼ뵽׵Ǹҡ
ǰϪЦһ˭벻ֻϺÿû˿ˣЩңļҲ֪
ѩԴСüͷøӰеû
ԣϪ˸ۣ治֪Сôôģ²ʲôôɵİɡ
λıҹ˵꣬Ϫͼͣ½Ų쿴ҵˣ
ǰһòһſʯһĹӣһùӶѩĸȭͷһˡ
ѩٻ濴ʱϪѾǰֻƺʲôһŹӾ͵
æǰڹ׹֮ǰס˻С
˺˷ܣû뵽һ˾Ȼ˳
ѩһԿţȡһƴĲ˽ȥôӣͱװǸСˡ
ֻҪôء
ѩôʣ̲ס̧ͷһۣȻϪ
Ϫȴҡҡͷʵһž͹ˣһžܽ˴ĵȡֻԷһٶ˾̰ˣҪΪ˾ˣǲŲ͵֮¡
ѩ٣Ҫһ𣿡
ϪֱӴĻ˰ɣôɵģǻǳѩ٣ȫҪκ𣬲ȻǻɽûˣͲһˡ
ѩֻעǰǾ䣬̲סҲŲɵ鶼˵Һܴ
ٸСɵӷϻϪһǣһ׼뿪
ȴʱͻһ˲֪ðһСóסǵȥ·
ͬʱһϮȥպôѩٵϣķ˿ûϵĺ΢һһͱ˻ȥԷһ˴
ҪԼԴĹ£һ˲ᡣ
ż׹׹һأ׵ԳΡ
ѩǼ˵֮ǰ̸״λҶϼͽ;԰СȻӽ紩԰Ҷæϲ鿴һ·βˣСëȻ͵
ϪѾŵɪɪץϪ֣֪ηѩٵָ˵ƭˣǸǽģ
Ϊ׵ɫһ䣺ô԰͵ɲǽƱ磡ȥ̷̨
Ϫѩٺ;ƿ͵ģ޹أǳ鹬ģǰǴس鹬ȥɣҸȥ̨
׼ڣȴϪݺݵһۡ
֪Ϫһ˿ôأһģҪôһߣҪôһǣҲǳ鹬ģ
˵ָѩ٣ֻһǳ鹬ģ¸޹أ˷µģҪԼš
ѩҿ˿˵ѣȽģΪʲôֻǣ
һҲ֪ǺˣһϼһƺˣС˵ǳ鹬ģ˴ŲһҲǳ鹬Ĺװûơ
һСͯϴľȻɴϸǴƤѥϵ壬ͷϵķƽ֯һóȥرȲſɲһ㹬ͽеģȻݹصĺܡ
Ȳô֮£ҲСܾϵģǴһӣȫǰ۴ˡ


9 
԰͵ʲôС£Ҳ㲻ʲô£һ˵ֵǰĹأʲôĴȥ̨к͸еĳͷ
£¹
һĹҪҲҪ֪ùУ£ֻ۳ˡ
˱۵ǰһۣϼæ¡
ϪҲû뵽Ȼۣƹ칬ˣɽݸ׼ĴܽӴģϱ飬ҲŵøŹ
ѩվû
ѩٲûѧʲôڣճǲã֮Ĺϵ鶼û꣬ôѧϡ
οСֻб˸ģֲ˼Ҳ֪Ҫʲô
ϼ۵һյϢ̾ͷ
칬ѩٻ֪һЩģ䲻꾡򵥵ܹ
ƹ磬Ϊִֻߣþ飬ٺܵ
Ҫľƽ磬ѿļ꣬׳棬ƽƽ١
Լܵı٣ϼǹ۵񹬣Ҫǳ֮¡Ӫƹ칬ȵȣЩ۵۴½ˣֻǸɼ
һ񣬱ѳ磬Ȼܹܿصģ֮˷£·ͱ칬¨ӣҲֻǸλд۶ֲá
£ֻܴϼģ⳾鹬õʱԨС
ʱ鹬ûϼ֮ĿСɨһۣվδѩԶͣƬ̣ŽתصԼҵϡ
ͽһԼʦһƺһ֣ͬһ˲䴥͸¶Щš
ʦһȿСëƺ԰ЩʦٴγǿʱͽæųԼʦڵķŲŲ
δɿڣһԽ·԰Сһ·β棬ۼ͵ǳأ¸㵹˳
ѩôƿôҲһˣû£λεԩСȭͷקĽģԴϵëҪըˣƭˣƭˣŲ˵
һֱδųڣѩ٣˵Σ
ѩתͷۣģᣬüкۣºͣȴһ˵ѹĵ۷̯Ϸ¸ӿѹȡ
֪ǲǲͬ壬ѩٶλϵѹȸк޸оǶԷñȽϣ˶ѣʱԨʱޱ鿴һ¡
ˣѩٱֱӻȥӦǸȥģ
ֻۼδڵͻȻָ֣һϪ½ǿƴСĲӾͷ˳һƲ˲ķѣĶ߰׹ڵء
мµ飬һЩͽ׵⣬ƿƿĥĵҩ֮⣬űʯδƿıۡ
ʲôû˵ֻת΢΢£ʵʤ۱硣
ʱһڣ£ʢ磬߷࣬ſ©֮˻룬λ鹬Сͯҵȥ鹬ʵ
һϼĹͽæ⼸СȻԤıʢᣬûϽ԰ԣ۱£ʦһģ칬Ϻڣ
ԱǸͽС˵Ǹ鹬ĶǼٵġû鹬ʲôͯ鹬Щɶ𲻶࣬˵ÿһеĳ֣ôüǧˣû֪ͯġ
⻰ڵڵĲɾȻ
һƲˣǹͽ˲ŵͷ졣
ɵѾף⳾鹬ͯʱԨд½֮ˣ˽Ͻ磬԰͵Ӧֱ͵̨
ѩæϪ;ǰ׺ضɣ㲻ǣ
˵ſ˿ϵĶǣǲǹµģҪ˵ġ
ɫ䣬һ˫΢ϸĪ˾û۾ѩپᣬֱתͷȥۣǲǹģǲó԰ϴˣ㷣һòã
Цһǲǳ鹬ͯʵ˵ķݣ˵ᣬ˵ؾأȻµǸãʡٴʣ˵ÿǱܼͷֵǰת
˵꣬㳯ʾ£Ƚ½֮Ѻ´ߣ˵Լǳ鹬Сͯȳ鹬ٴɡ
ζؿɣͽΣ
۹СӣǼͰ͵ɫ³򣬵˲δʱϱ̰ðҲ԰㲻ù֣㷣ٱʾͽɡ
ʦĻЩίӦ¡
ѩô԰Ƿֿ˿һԲɫҰƺѾϪ;̲סʵأǻʲôͷҲǷͿ𣿡
ĻҲǺء
ƺЦһ̨ɲǷôϽ磬͵һ˰ٱǱޡ
۵ĻϪ;ƺ˲ɢеԭֱͦ˹ţһӱ
ѩٲ֪ǱʲôϪ;˵ɫƺǺĶŵʣ𣿡
ҷ𡣡
ѩҡͷ˵м䣬ֵסǣԣΪʲôҪôذǻˣңٶһЩòã㲻Ҫɱǡ
ϪѹϵС̲סЦЦЩŬ˵ſοĻֲ£Ҳֻʶһѣ㻹Ǳƭģĳ鹬ȥǸð˻زȥ׼ԣܲܰ鹬Ĺȥ½硭ˣˣɵģԺǹ˺ԼɣҪ˵ʲôţƭˣƭӵѣֵá
ɳԱߵʾһۣǸϽ˴ߡ
ѩŲãǳ鹬ˣҲóȻ֡
ɣ㲻׼߶ǰµСƿ
մ˳ȥѩٵϣûнƷסֱӷ˻
ҪץˣѩټֱȥƣûѧκηֻԮû˰ǣĵίǵĻҲȲסˣͷֻ۵Сֱӻ˳
ֻɻü漴뵽ʲôЩȻһԵɫˡ
һӰ漴һӰ˽
ûѩپŵ˶ԷϢһ˲ίӿͷҲץˣǻ˵˹ȥԨԨء
ʱԨͷŰ۵İķˣۿﺬᣬֺֺЦ΢΢һС
ʱԨ齫ѩٴͷŵĿһ飬ȷû£˿ŲŲԱվȥ
ѩٽʱԨĲǿûСֻڵָһȦȻʱԨί۸ˣ
ǴЦؿڣʱԨ
ʱԨ΢΢ͷʾ⣬С·ĳϣڵСŵԼϺ󣬲̧ͷ·ȥƽȴɾ̲ϣ˵˵ģΪ¡
ѩټеҪڣʱԨһָסֹסˡ
ѾѶ׷ϼͽѩٶ¶ʱ͵һ⣬ʱԨˣŵòᣬ˶΢΢
ͬЩңδ̳Ҳδ˵й̵ϢҪʱԨ֮׽̬ȣԻỳСڼðС
֪ˣղž͸óϢˡ
һ룬½ô԰ԶԩػЩһӣ˸µСϣѯʣ˻ʵ
˶ʱһ΢΢һ߿ĿİͰͽ֮ǰ˵˵һ顣
ѩץʱԨ䣺ģȽȥģǽȥˣǲŸŽȥġ
ʱԨ̧סǽק·С֣ɣɾã㹬е뱾ҵС˭˵ѣ
ɴֱϷĬƬ̲ŵСɾã˫û˵ѣֻС½ƭˡ
ʱԨδĻʵм±Щ棬ɽ½Сǽճķģһδ̤ˣ֪԰˱֮ҵǰ׼ȷģ
һʱƿڣ
ʱԨѩ۵ʱ磬СһһҲˣСҲһˣ˾ϣҹ˾ǡ
ͣС̣ЦҲã´ζ˲ִ٣ҿɵúúñһݼ񣬿ɲٱСָű˵۸ˡ
ѩ˫ֽʱԨĲӣԼֱֻ¶һ˫Բ۾ۡ
ʱԨѩ뿪˴鿴򻹹ڵϵСӣһͷҰСҪԼұĲϲֲԼұ˵Эϡ
ѾˣϪӦ죬һ𾰻ȥô뿪˵ĴȽϺá
ʱԨ뽫˷£κСС§˵뿪˴󣬻һڣϲ˲䣬ĵίƺѾɢȥؿһСԨԨˣµһ
ʱԨβһƣ̲


10 
صϤĵطѩСͿʼͣĸʱԨ˵Լļš
ŽϪ;ʹԴŬɰСԼ˵ĴڸС
첻ֹۺһҲѩͷͻȻðСһ֪ѩС˵ʲôڲƭ
ѾˣĶ޿أʵʵĵʱԨС
ֻϪ뵽Լֹһεĺѩ٣ɫʱø˼֡
ѩٽյļŵȥĽҲû߼ԣǰ滹˵޴һֻ˵ķɺףֱѵ˽űߵһЩݲݣ뵽ʲô˵ʲô
ͯͯظҪѩ˵ЩϪͬˣѩ˵ʲôѩЩ̫
һֱѩճŵʱԨԼλɫ̫õŮȫĵţû˿Ĳͷ
ѩٵСͣæеĹһʱԨһֶӵݵѩٵĴߣѩֻצֱӱʱԨִյһں˸ɾСͷͣģúȣ
վԱߵʹԴĬϪ;ѩٴʱԨϸղˮĺҲǵһ
æֽǺȲЩ
ѩٲ̧ͷ飺Ϊʲô
һͨˮ͵ɶǣͨķ̥֮壬ܲǺˣǿԵ
ôһ˵ѩٵȻҸǳԺȶˣ֮ǰ˵ܴģʱûһ֪ϾûӴ壬ڽӴˣҲˡ
ƽȫˮȵĶϣȻմһ㶼ᱬôһ룬ѩٿϪ;ԽˣýŶǴ顣
ﻹŸղڴϵ£ϪǲҿڣѩʱԨǰ޹ǣֱʵԨԨǴˣǲǲȥǸʲǫܷ̂˰
ʱԨ£ȻҪģǱ˽λҪΡ
ѩΪ˶ˣҲ͹ȥˣû뵽ȻҪܷǸʲǫ̂ĵطѩæʱԨֱǣ֪ˣܰ𣿺ò
ʱԨûӦҲûоΪУֻʵ⣬ˣ
ץ߹Ԯίһͦ˵ģǵͷˣ´λܳȥ´ҳȥòã
ʱԨЦŵȻԣҵұȥ档
˵꣬ʱԨվԸһ죬ȥϴš
ѩæָϪ;أ
ʱԨ߱߰ɡ
ʱԨ뿪սսС˿ǰ׵ûָɫѩٰοûµģȥҵԺסţǶ飡
˹С
ѩͷ飺ǿԳԵĶܰ׼һ𣿡
ӦȻеģһԸ׼ġ
ѩŷĵĴǻصԼԺӣ⳾鹬ģΪûԳԵĶء
ѩٵ󣬿ѩ֮Щɶ𶼹ٴ֪ΪɵúƭСС
ҺȻЩõ˼ûижʼƻеȫƵͷϣԼ汻ҷˡ
½ϻһЩЩѩٵӰޣ黹ϸĵ˴ȥһ£С̻Ϊ»Ľ׶ΣɲΪ㲻۵ĵطʲôȱ©ġ
ѩٺ飬鰲˴ȥϴ·ˣԼҲĵȥˡ
޴ǵɫҺ壬ÿʱѩٶֱӻԭΣϸµزϴϵÿһƬϴ裬һѩ׵Ƥݵǳѩǵĺ÷͸졣
Ϣûз׼һЩĵģҽŻûãͶˣص޹󣬾͵Ͷιˡ
ȴû뵽Ĳͣһѱīֽ⡣
ſԼǰĶѩãȻ
ԸˣСÿдʮŴ֣д귽š
ﻹڹУȻСƿǱɵʵδķɣóԻҪԵģʳñٹȵҲǻġ
˵дֲܳԣѩ̲סͷ˿ԼڹеĶӣȻֿ˿ϵĶ
һҳֽһô󣬶Ҳûд֣Ŀǰʶֽ׶ΣһôСҪдʮֽܶҪԲϷ
ôţȴʼˣ齫дڿУС㳭СñʵƣͿһһȫֽϻ
һʱȥһֽһ뻹ûдÿһֶҪ죬Ŭպ«ưٶȺԽдԽԲϷдֻ֣û漼ܣ֪˦ѡѡ
ʵʵί
ίţͻȻһ뵽֮ǰǸǸܻɣ˵ҵӷ˻ȥٿԼѩתͷؿ飺ҽȥԨԨǲǲˣԷдְ
ЦЦ˵ˣҪСԼ롣
ѩСüͷһ飺ԨԨڷ𣿡
ͷصĺܸɴࣺǡ
ѩգһ۾ɻ󣺡ԨԨղûûв˵Ӱ
黹Ǿ仰˵ˣҪСԼ룬˵ģʼղСԼġ
һĸѩһ룬ҲûͣһһŬдţϸϸѽͷһ㣬ͣ±ʣ飺Ҳøʶܳȥ棿ʹԨԨԨԨͬҲȥġ
ɫĿѩ٣ȴ
ѩ죬ֹƬ̣Ҳøһô԰գ𣿡
鷴ʣСأ
ѩԼ˵ͷҾΪԨԨͬˣҲųȥ棬Ϊҳȥ϶֪Ϫ;Ҫȥõ飬Ҳûֹһȥõ飬ô԰͵˹ӡ
ʣ´С£ô죿
ѩ붼û룬ֱӻصȴǻԨԨҪô졣
ʧЦѩҲô̫̣жѵԺԼ˵鲻ҪţѰ˵İӦá
ĿĴﵽˣѩдһŴ֣Žʸšʣµģȳ˷ҪȻǳͷǾҪͷλ
Ϫ;ʱڸѩٵţһԱ߷ŵĿ˵ɫǣϪѿڵ
ѩٿ˿Ϫֿ˿ÿ춼ȵ̹ӣĿӡ
ͷҲ̧Ǳʯǰܸõĸɢֻʳõʱȥǡ
ѩپˣÿԵĶǱ
ͷǡ
һ뵽һ⣬Լڻ֪Ϫ;ʲôĳͷѩԽ̵ظ̾Ժ£һһʱԨԨҲˡ
ϪҪľȻֻÿԵ̹֪αǰѹ
Ϫ;ҲһѾðѰ֮תתȻķʽٴλصǵǰ
лҪ˵
ѩٲһ׸ңʱԨ趨һ׾ţȻû˵Ĺͼġ
ѩڵ߸պʱԨİ
ǰдѩٸͷյʱԨվܱסʱԨĴȡֻܱס˴ȵĸ߶ȣ
ǽ֮ͯ䣬޴һЩСһЩ
ΪҪȥѧԺѧ̫Сô߾͸ոպá


11 
Ϫһֱ֪ǷŵȵģһƷҩʱеƷҩʣǼƷá
ҪԼŬڶ±ϵһ˼磬еȴڼıӻ£ڶ޼ΪΪ
ڿѩϱտǵ˲䣬˵Ĳȷ޷ԿصӿͷֱܿϪѹ¡
ѩ٣ΨһС󣬺ϸ١
ѩܵܣɻɵ棬»ǻ̲סԼܼóõĶι
ôһ룬ͷЩԽײųҲ֮Щ
۰Ͱ͵Ͷιѩ۶е룬Ͷòˣŵʳζﻹõ
ǿֳܷһ˿ѣһûгԶõ϶Ĵ𸴺󣬱˲ˣ˫Ӻ޲ճеĵϡ
ιʳɴδѩ˼Уɼ쵱Ƕˣ鲻ɵüӿϵٶȣ֭ɺ״
ѩҲιˣԼӴڳ
뵽Ըд֣ѩ޷˼дʮŲܳԵ϶Ҫӡ
ʱЦ˵ţ͵סдʮţ᲻ᶯ˼˵ˡ
Ȼ˽ѩٵģ
ԱˣѩٴλصǰĳͷϪ;ͱ޹鲻һֱѩ٣˼ɶſھ뿪ˡ
һߣϪ;Ŵ˿ãԸ񱾾ͱȽϰûڣҲ͸оԷһЩϪȴ˵̱һԵϡ
΢עһ㣬Ĺûء
Ϫ˰֣˭֪ǻܻ죬һһɡ
뵽ϻûĳͷҲٴγƲ
Ϫߵѩٵߣһѿ֣һһƲдֱ֣ڻдǸдһ㣬һֽܿдˡ
ѩƺԥһҡҡͷָָճ־ôһСҲдˣⱾǳͷٲúдԨԨҪˡ
ѩ˵⻰ʱʱԨ豭΢ڴߣ漴¶һĨǳЦ
ϪüҪдʲôʱȥ
ѩνдģ˵ܶ鶼ɣҸտʼддÿһֶˣͲһһдˣٶȻܿܶ࣬ԺҲǣ˵һܿ﷦ζ飬Ҫģɡ
ҲճҹģǿҲı䲻ҹ׳ļ棬ǲӰˡ
Ѿҹɫ죬޵ȴǵƻͨһſűڵϵɢĹһƬڣͲֲۣҡҷζۡ
ƣ۵Ŀ˯ˣϪ£һֳͷ߿ѩд֡
ǼĵдſţƺҲƽ˲ĵ궯üۼķ֮
ѩٴдһţСĵķŵԱţȡһµİֽһ£ʣţѾдˣ˵дˡ
¿Щע⵽Ա߻û˯Ϫѩٷ±ʣȥһȻӣ˫һ̣Լϣܳ𣿡
ǵ֮ǰ˵ܳԵĶδܳԣΪ̫ˣΪǿ޷ǿġ
Ϫ˵ͷܵġ
ԶǰɽҲ򵽵ģСʱҲԹʱĸڣûкô࣬ĸԺ󣬾ͺܾûԹʲôöˡ
ѩһԼһһ߳һСҴ𼱣ҰѷдˣԨԨˣٸҪǴȥ
ϪԳһЦûȥˡ
ѩҲû£Ҳû飬֪ǵĻʲôͷ԰οĻҲ֪Ҫô˵ֻٴϪӣԵ㣬Ժˣĵ˵Ҳûôˡ
ϪȴŻ˵ҵǬˣЩҳԲҲװˣԼų԰ɡ
ѩٴӣȻһԴ󷨼ֵʯıУһ򿪣ȫ͸Ŀռ䷨нָͨƷӦоУһϪƲǿ
ѩٴ󷽵㿴ûϲġ
ϪһѹϺѩǱƣôصĶôóˣȻܸУҲ˰ܼңͰѱˡ
ѩԼ򿪺һǺ͵ģһ͵ģúʺϪʺϾɣЩʲôԨԨҪģ˵ЩԨԨЩʱãööǰˣڿⷿ﷢ֵʱЩڽҾóˡ
־ƷķٴμϪĵĳ𸻣һȻѩ٣һɳ𸻵̬ĭûգžһ޺ۣѩ͵ļϪ̲סҪȻ˵ɡ
ѩԴʲôҲҪЩ
΢һСѩٴϪ˯⣬Լɽ£һŹһ߷дʮֽ춼Ѿˡ
ѩٸ˸ͼ˵Ǳ䰸ҪϪ;ߡ
ϢһҹɫԺˣٴһףۼѩҲżæֻǽǲ½磬ûбĳͷ
ѩ۾һģȥǸ̨𣿡
˵Ĺϼϼͽͷ԰ı֮Ѳǵһν԰͵˲½缯еԴףѾģ׼԰ͽʱѾ쵽Ѳ飬֪ӲײǣǷҧһҪѣ˵ڱ׷أСķϣ鲻ȼƽϣֻǲա
ѩ̲סһ̫ˣǲˣ飬ǱԸҪȥ˵ġ
֪ѩٿ϶ҪһԸ͸׼ˡ
˴˴ðձΪ˱ѣ֮֮ǶԴѾ𣬵Ϫ;Ǻ¡
ǰڳ鹬ſ֣صؿ˸ͷġ
Ҫǲֻܴȥѩһ̣ûĴţ֮ǰʱʱԨĻ˯ˣ֪Լôġ
һˣǴɶں档
˽½֮ˣȻкɫСͣҲҳߴ٣ֻվһԵȺ
ѩȻǶԼ棬֪ȥǸҲֻ÷ȥǲٳЩѧҪ˱ˣҾȥ棡
ϪѾ֪λСƿǲ࣬ʵСĺܣ䣬ֻǸñڻеӤ󣬻֪Ҫȼꡣ
ҪˣԶ壬Ҳٹ꣬ҸΪֹ޷ĻޣȲˡ
ѩ죬ҪúҪ̰棬һ㣬ǡ
ѩ˵תȥ飬ʱ˸ţĿǰδѧϰʹûпռҪʲôֻȥ߸ŵá
ǶһֻСѼСѩٵݸϪƽʱСӣ˵ܵǮãǣǺúôˡ
ϪѾѩٲٶˣ֪ѩ˵;һҪ͵ģԱߵΪҴߣֻ˲ʱ䣬ɫѾܲˣϪپ˷ʱ䣬ӹҪ˵Щʲôû˵ڡ
СȻú壬ܹ鲻ᱻƣǲ֪ټѩǷ㴿Ȼ档
˵ӰʧΡ빬֮⣬ѩ¶ᡣ
ǰûȥˣٹЩӣῪ֡
ѩٵͷǣߡ
ֻûһޱȼ˻𣺡ҵ̶
ѩٻûӦͱһ취µ˹ȥر˻


12 
Ǳˣ˭ҴС͹ȥˣСһһʱ䲻֪ζ
ѩȴǱæǰ㣡С
ʮȻҲоС̶Լƾܣѽ΢΢ſһЩ˫ɽץѩٵС첲һʹĵؿѩ٣˰˱ʹ·һӱյḸף̣㲻ʶǵ㻹ʱ㽲£ϴĵ
ʮ˵ű˫Ŀʪŭ⣺ֵûб㣬һǾͱ°ߣԭµòãԺҲκ֣
ѩǻǵ֮ǰÿ˵ϢҪеˣǾҪԨԨֿˣôһ룬ˡ
ʮһͷԶСܱȵģԼ̣ܵС̵̲ס΢΢ɿһЩѩһʮߵȻæܵ
ʮע⵽飬ĿһɣĿûжСǰºͣ˽䱸˿˿ӣ·ԷǶԼС̶˷ӣǺˣΪλСһ𣡡
λŭɢɱæѩԼһЩſڣĻʱԨµƵ澣ǰһֻͷоѩ٣Ѱ丸ĸι
ʮ߶ʱЩǣʱʱԨ
΢΢ǵġ
黰䣬һƹͰ׹Ӱ칬ǰһ߽æ񣺡鹬飬ʡ
һ۱С̣ѩٳδȥǣǺްڡ
ʸ̤칬ؽʱͲİһͬʮ߱ʵʵģͻȻһʱԤУһֻС̣ʶЩҪֲסȥ
ҲһۣʾͿ⡣
ǰֻС¶ȻԸвͬҲһЩƽ˳ģƽ˳ѪԱʳߣǰֻС̣ʳصĲʳߡ
ĹϪһѩپϲ˲һǶ̵ϲΪ̣ϲнԵ׽С̵ĸ˭һƤѾʾǰһĺᡣ
ҪԵĻĿעţѩٻŵĲУһ±ܵĻԭΣŶ̶̵СצӳʱԨڵķȥ
С̻δʽʼУȻǱܾͻģʮ߻ǽŵſ˫׷˺棺ˤţ
ʮԽ׷ѩٿĿİɵԽ졣
Ϫ״Ҳæϡ
Ψʻ侲ԭأδ̧Ÿϣֻų鹬ȥĲӿࡣ
ѶӼݵۺһɹڹſ˸գæʱ׷Сȥ˳鹬
ҲΪ⣬ж˲֪ģЦҲգʴ°ɡ
ͬӼݵ칬Ҳֻܸ͡
ʺۿɲһʵʵԶ֮ϡ
ʵָƿص
۾ƹ磬ʵȨʵۺ¶Ҫһƽ⣬ȻҲһΣܱѡߣעһԶΪ֮ˡ
һǣܷߣһ֮ˣ˼磬Ҳ֮֮·ɱܵõߣԲǻȨ졣
ƫĵľӰϽ棬Ƿ治һ
ͬѪбŶѪ׼ͻȨľη֮·ԶҪ˳࣬йƫԣǷŴԡ
жףֻ档
ⷬԱȣ߽ΪʣȴԶʣ۶Ҫǰӭʾء
һߣѩٺò׷ɻ˳鹬ѰζҵʱԨ󣬱㽫ʱԨϣβ̲סʱԨ·޲ýԼؽʱԨڵĺá
ʱԨḧϸ۵С̣һָڽѵͷϣ
ѩٲԼҪǴʱԨȥղˣҪԵԶʱԨϲȫġ
ʮ߸ں׷˹ڳ鹬ǰδõҲλֻ÷С
ʮеηʱԨһʱԨҲΣֻǿС̶ʱԨĽ漵ʣǲĲУǵû뿪һֱƿǣС̶ճˣɲԼˡ
ôţϸ̲סҪ˾ʱԨ̶ҵģ©һֻͷ룬˾֪ˣ󶨻ӱСĻ̣ٲ֮֡
ʱԨһֱһȥѩץϣŵҹ֮䣬ѪԵ֮
ʮһʶʱԨǲ׹黹ֻ̣ʵʵδ֮ǰҽҼ΢ϢҿҪƿˣйιҺľرĲҹػʱұҪԽ丧缺
ʱԨһӣһԵϱһ裬ʱԨձϲˮһߵȴƿǵգЩ񸹡
ʮһ죬ⲻû飬ƿʱһ£һһ۲̣ȴȻٷ
ڳŵ֤ĹϪʱ˽
ʱԨϲδҲٿףֱԱߵĿλϡ
ѩ̲סʱԨ꣬ḧºûֻʱԨϽԼŬ̳һţСͷ޲ʱԨĸСڸС
ȵĿ˿ԭεС̣ǰϸСͷϵδһƤʱָӦüۣҪʮСҪռΪУܵһʱ䷢ʱУ˿СˣԼ
ôһ룬ʮߵԽƣתͷʱԨʱȾЦ⣺δʱԨɲ갡
ʱԨ̲Ӧһǡ
ЦҲ˷ʱ亮ѣֱӽ⣺һ£Ķ࣬丸ĸȥ飬Ȼڻ֪丸ĸ˭Ӧǰһˣ֧Ķ࣬ԸͬˮΪ̺ã佻һιʱԨΪأ
һԵĹϪǰ˼ǳˣҲʱж̲ʱԨι㹻ˡ
һأ԰ΪҪ̣ºʻԸûϵҲǻ֮ڹеҲյüȫ
ѾʼĻʱʱԨϵѩٻΣ˫סʱԨҲҪǣֻҪԨԨ
лҪ˵
ʮߣû̱ҵģ
ʣʮߣ̱ҵģ
ϪͬƤңη塣
ʱԨţ˵Ķԡ


13 
ʮ޾飬ҲǼٱ̣ϵ嶼ģõĳĶʵġ
յ֪ƿǣȴʮߵĿǧͷץߣҪǻΪʵһ˿ԱϪֱǧͷһ塣
º°С̵ǧͷѾѻɢСв֪ʲ뽫˷ϣֻǧͷһ巢䵽˱߾󣬱æѰСȥˡ
㷭˸׳죬û뵽ȻõС̵Ϣæһ칬˳㻹˲̻ϲĶ
С̶İϲæóϲһѶѵȡиɫıŵضѷϣСѩٿЩǻʲ׼ʲﻹкö࣬Ҫж٣
ѩٿʱԨϣֻŸǽʱԨϣʱԨؿǶŵƳ⣬ʹȻ̲ס¶һֻ۾ȥϵĶ
ֻ϶˳ԵģÿԵıһСıûģŹ⣬Ưˡ
һƴСױӣһС˲滹Ө⣺ѩٿ쿴Ƿ죬ǽһ̲˱ˮɹǶƶɵģС㿴ԱɽָԱֻԱҪʲôԡ
Ǹױ任̬ѩٵСԴ̧һ㣬ʳ̧һСԴʱԨؿڣô嶼ûá
СҲЩΣ̣˿֮ͻϲԼ׵˭֪ˡ
ѩʹϾֻÿʱԨǰԷ⺢Ĳ٣Ѿδ֮ķᣬǧ궼ȱ
ʱԨɫ䣬ѩٽýҲȻţȴҲδſ֮ԣҲȻӦѩȥһпԼ
ʻŬһԵĹϪڵ£ղǵһһʱյҲˣѯѩٵȥҲ޷
˲˹Ϫ˼Ƶü˷׼淴֮ģЩʱգúøѩٴùϵ
ʱԨദҲ࣬㲻öãʱǶĺ壬Ͳ㾡֮岻һСޡ
ʲټУϪǰѩԱߣץʱԨ½С֣ҲǰӦͬ塣
ѩ΢΢ƫͷϪæóԼǡ
ѩ׵ǣѩٵҪϺüţ⻹ѩٵһο˵ǣʱԨĶû
Ϫ˼֣պ벻Ск𣿡
ѩе⶯̧ͷ˿ʱԨɫûзԲϲӣָ֣̽ڹϪæ˻
ϪЦʵʲôо
ѩСҵӲ
ϪѩٵԴһ㳤ˣСǾͻһӲˡ
ȻѩĲǳ磬ԼҪǱӲˣʱԨԸԼ
˵Ҫһ¸ѩ飬Ѿ칬ſڣΪһ֮ʣȻܹǰǵ̵֪Ϣżеһ
繬⣬ʵǰȥ簲ٲС
ʮҪһɢҲû£ɵĺܡ
ϧϪŲûطִĻ£ֱӽ˴ߡ
뿪˳鹬ʮüϪԹʲô˼̣ôˣ
ϪЦһ̣Ҫ˵ʱھѾܸ飬̸аȫУҲŲѩٸͲʶ㣬Ҫһǰ㼱ˣҲڶҺ˿ܣû㻵¶ǺõģֻⱲӶ岻ѩ٣
ʮĹģСң
ϪҲСƵ𣿡
ʮԴǿ׳죺Ҽ񵽵̶ҪͿ˼ҵ׸ٹЩʱǾͳˣ
Ϫֱӳֻһŵ£ƫƫ̣˭
һһ߳ҪǰͷѹţȻҲʮߴ򲻹ϪԭڣҪ칬ֱӴ
ǱߵĲгֻʣѩٺʱԨĳ鹬ͦг
óĶδߣȫѩˣôģҲֵٷսСӡ
ʱԨ齫ѩѩһֱǸӣ㽫ӷŵѩٵϲš
ѩûҪʱԨϲǵĶҪ𣿡
ʱԨӷŵԱߣЦЦ֪ʲôʣ
ѩٵͷ֪ģۣʣ˼˼Ļʵۣи˵
ʱԨḧѩٵķ˿ߣԺ󽫻֮ıҪʲôʲôϥ£㽫Ψһ罫Ϊ𡣡
ѩԴԨԨأ
ʱԨһ½Ǳҵĵؽ磬ʢԻȥ
ѩ˵ʱԨĻУŵصСһһµػεţҪԨԨһԨԨȥĶҾȥĶ
ʱԨûٶ˵Ǹ컯ֻѩٵϣѩʲǳ裬ػϤ
ʱȥԲԤȫѩˡ
˿ɽ磬һưܶУһϢ΢͵۾ǲĿ֮ĻͻȻס
౻Ⱦ;ϵĽٶ²ͨ©޷ۼΪǴӽ𵤵Ĵ©Ҫ˶ñɢֱ
״ǧǰҺʱžǧѳɾɣôڡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ָһ󣬱Ͳ԰׵ɫ˲øӺѪɫ
ˣͳ죬죬סϪ;
ʱ䣬ͳ̨һĨˡ
һΪǱ˳ȴȻлһΣϧΪβ죬Ϊƫƫڣ
ԶĽŲüһĴ˿̣ȴ벻ʱʲôδ䱸ʲôԼ⸱ưܵӣֵԽңԽܽ˵Ľġ
ֱΪҲͻȻǰһĻز
ϲܽУˣ̫ˣ±ܻϵĵˣ
д濴Ϫ;˻Ƶǡ
ϪŵϽ˵˳
ֻʣĸӣ֪ʲôıһУһûʲôС͵Ͻ磬ڱ԰ͱϼץԱɢı͵֤
Ҳûֵǰ֮ͬǰɽеҲһʾ¼޻ϣɽޱСɢޣΪԩǵ֮ˡ
ǰˣѹۿ⣬бıаģõģⱲӣһжõġ


14 
ĵһʽʼˣֻǴʱҲ֪˭Իڵȴշһ̡
һ񹬣Ϊ˾Ҫǰ˾ǾѾ㵽罫һλ񽫣ǳĴڣǾҲ㲻λ½񾿾˭ڳɾλ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪
ÿһλԼǣֻϵԼǣĳѳ񣬶صģҲǵǵһ̡
ѾʮǱҲֻʮλҲ֪ʮλǳ廹塣
ڸѩٽڹڷسʶʱѩЩ棺飬ʮλһడ
塣
ϵĻӰ΢΢һתеĻͲ˱仯ʮλϾ˳һʮλʮλǾλħλ񡣡
ѩ̾ô񡣡
ЦŵȻһֱ˵ƫ壬Ͼ壬ǵ񣬵ʵϣģӦ壬ҪѵģҪǧٽѣҲģ˵ϣѧɹľ澳ʱļͲ۲ӣһϣ嶼Ȳ
ѩԵͷҲϪ;ΪǵĴ£ע⵽ħģѩЩɻ󣺡ΪʲôħٰΪħ𣿡
ΪħرħΪħĳЩӰԣǲᶨߣħ޵ߣ޵ǵģĲᣬ汾ԹΪնᱻ㣬ħĩΪܶħ޹ɱԱųⲻϲҪħλţռ˲λħ类ų֮⣬Ϊ֮аˡ
鳯ѩѵȻ˵ħ̫𣬶ܳһħֻʺħʳħвõӰ죬ԺӴħˣҪ־裬ħ޵Ĺ಻ɼԹˣԲŻһɱӡ󡣡
ѩٷ񼯣ۣʣϴοҲ棬ȥǾԨԨÿġ
ָʱԨͼƬửţѩſϣָһͼʱԨģӷ˿½˳ŨܵĽëҲڲס۵ϲЦ⡣
齫һ࣬ѩԽԽƺ𽥾ԣϲһЩܷľ֮˯Ҫǿⷿҵ顣
һŸСԴ飬ʱϲĽˣûԭס
Ϸ׹ݣΪݻᷢ⣬ɢѩסʱһҪڴҲ֪˯ȥ˵С
ʱѩѵ磬ɴϵȻ﷭ŶȥץԽԽƤ
һͷѩٿĻ͵ЦЦôϲ
ѩٵͷԨԨÿ
˵ʲôѩٺһԨԨ֮˲䲻Ӱ
εҡͷҲ֪Ժѩټһ֮Ƿ񻹻ÿϲ
ϲ֮ӣ⻹治һ
ѩٻڻϱţ䱻ⷭɣͷʺķű˦õĻȣһӹʱԨѩٻϲſ˫۳ȥԨԨ
ʱԨ΢΢һѽС̶
ѩͷöϵʱԨϲ˺һ§ĲӵԨԨȥĶˣһ˵㲻ڣʮſںҺþãҶûȥ
ʱԨߣһߵΪβȥ
ѩ٣㲻ڰûͬҾͲȥ
ʱԨ΢΢ͷѩһۣƺȾЩЦ⣺ҲͬͲȥ
ѩٶʱһ⣺ҾͲ᷸û취д
ֻǲ뱻
ѩЦԼ۵СҲԨԨġ
ʱԨЦû㡣
ѩʱԨĻŤŤֱ΢΢ֱЩһ飺ȥĶѽῪʼ𣿡
ʱԨδȥǶΪȡ⣬ЩʱգɳЩʳ
ʱԨϤ˲ͬһʱԼûʲôһʱԨŰݷãӭӣЩͷԣֱ֪ŻȻ
¹ȷ޹Ϊʺ׶ֻϧʱдࡣ
Լ޵ǧľߵǶҵѪʳԵ⣬¹˵ֻǵ֮żʳֻ֮Ϊƽ˳Ѫܵı֮
֪ʱԨΪ̶ʮ̵ӣȻܣǲߵĵɽһ˳ģɱǧͷ¹ϸãøʱԨ
֪˽ĵϵʱԨһԼֵķлͨõƽٳ֮ǰǾԹˣлҲأ㻹ε顣
ѩٲ֪ʱԨЩ֮ж٣Ҳ֪ʱԨļҵ׾Ƿỹǲᣬ֪ʱԨΪѾǵһԼĶȥˣ֮ǰǹӣ⣬ʱ۵Сĸβۿˡ
ԨԨǲǺడ
ʱԨ̲סŪ࣬ôأ
ѩ죬§ĲӿľѴ룺ǲȻٳһ㣬һһŹӾ͹ˣҿԲġ
ʱԨͥķӣ£ֻԹӲͳΪҲ޷ȸȥ㻹С
һֱɲУӦϪ;֮ǰȥǵģ꣬ҪΪôãԼʳˡ
뵽һ취ѩ۾һתתЩСʱԨߵϪʮңҸǳȥɣ˵ʲǶкööұֵĹһ㣬ûʲЩöҳĹӺ⣬ҶԵ㣬೤㣬ľţԺǻԣòã
ʱԨ˵㣺Тģʲ֪ˣҪ˿ˡ
лҪ˵
ʣ̶һСĻϣ濪(*^^*)


15 
ʮ߹ʱڸѩٴ£ʺ͹ϪȻҲС̣ǶҪģԶɣʮߴô˻ѩһ¸顣
ȻѾڴѩҪѩ壬ҲǿԵģ
һó·ߵſڵʮ߾զˣСѩٴĶЩʲôҰײҰ׵ģһ㶼ɰÿÿɱҼСѩĸǼʱԨһӣҿɫˣʱԨ䲻Цġ
ʱѯʹˣʱԨȥ˷̨ڹڣŸ˵޼ɡ
ĸҸ죬λ˾Ȼֻɣ丸Ѯһ񽫣һǰɷսʱ˾꣬ʽ˾ĸһͬһʳǳʥǣҲǿ߳
ѮвپɲǺպĴ󽫣Щɲ׷ΨһѪصĽ͵ľ⣬С˶ȻһȺϵĵĽݣ˾Щ޷졣
鲻Ҷ죬ѩȴû˼ɣȻûʮ˵ԨԨʲôã֪ʮ߿϶˵ԨԨĲãץɢڴϵһ㳯ʮ߶˹ȥ˵ԨԨã
ʮһѽӹ飬Цǰ˵ã˵ʱԨϣЩǿأ顣
ѩתͷ飬Ȼ޷ֻܵ͵һӦˡ
Ļ̶Ȳߵѩֵֹܾģ˵ֵֹġ
ʮ߲ѩץŸⲻţֱǰŵ·ӿȻһ֣˲˸ɫ·ֻɫǺɫа죬зۺ÷죬żżۻǳ̣Աѩ¹İףҲǺʰˡ
ʮ˺üѩ϶ԱȣѩٳðףѩһףԴʲôɫÿÿĿ϶Ǻɫ
ѡѡȥʮһ߰ư£챡ɴϵһӣͷһǶ˺鱦񰵺
ȫ´ϣʮĿԼִƷÿС͸ôĺĲϲɰ
ѩٶ·ƽʲôʹʲô˸ɫҲûʲôֻʮһÿҲ̲ס龳ǰտһ
ʮһѽ𣺡ඣʮȥඣ
δ䣬ʮֱӻԭΣСѩٷԼͷϣƹͥԺֱɳ졣
޴Ʋ㣬ʱ£ŵѩٽץϵëԼˤȥ
ʮȻ֣Ҳûȫ˷ִ磬ѩûץȱ紵ȥǸѩ˲ϣѩٲץҲϵȥ
ûз紵ۣѩ۾ܵεĿ֣ɿץŵëǰֱſͷϣһֻץǡ
ʮ߼ѩӦˣӿٶȣһƹȺɽۣ֮һƲϵ칬ˮĻͻȻƳɢȺĳȺɺ׾ӣѩϿЦ
Ѳע⵽Ͽյ״æȥ̽ȴһ£˾ɣŵСǿɹܲϣ˼Ҵ֣¡
ʮߴѩϿ˺һֱӷɻʵй
磬ԼĹֻйλ£ʮûйģΪ֮ʣҲԼصģͬǰμӷɣסС
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ʮؽѩٱڻһ̤йԭڸֵĿˢˢһۻ£ͷ쵲ᣬŮһѽС̶
һιѩٵľֱӻ˸ˡ
ʮҧгݵ׷ȥ޻ˣǲǣѩٻң
ѩٵ޻ǰ㲻ʮߣӯͥԺзȥʲôѩ٣㵱ѩѾˣ
޻һ߶㿪ʮߵᣬһ߶ŪеС̶ѩ٣޻˽㣬н㡣
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һȥѩڶûѾմȾ˲֪ٸ촽ӡȫ£ƨ⣬ǲ֪˶£ȻۣҲʵ̶ˡ
ۼѩٱҪˣʮߺһˣ־Ͱѩˣ
ʮΪԼŭǳԣκƽյǲŵģǻ˸Ҳ˷ʮѰĿɷˣû
ʮ߷֣֮󣬴ء
޻Ȼ֣ȴҲأѩû˹Ƚ֯һŶҪŶӰţʲôۣǱȱˮ㣬ҲаɣСѩٵצצ
鲻ܿµĻþʵãɡ
ŶӣҪӣҲ̫ˣѩԺԼɣҪɸʲôû⣬߲
Ϫʱ򿴵ľһ޿ʮߣԼȺƵѩ٣бѩٷ·޻ˡ
ѩ٣ŵĶѾൽֻСֶץסˣϻ˲٣߰ģСӽһѩٵ󣬻ûһѩٵСǡ
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ʮ߶ڵԱգҵĴҲðѩٴȺޣŶҵ̣ء
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Ц۰ѩ޻һϪһ飬ҪﱧýͰϵѩٸȥ
һϪ˲è׼޻һҲ˲ȥΪС̵ļˣֱӷܡ
Ϣ֮䣬ԭͥԺֻܵʣʮߺ޻ˡ
ҪѩٻҲܣϪ޻ֺõЦŵûʲôҶϲѩˣڸͼأѩٹ԰´νٴ
޻˵Ž˱˼ѩϪһȹҲˡ
Ϫѩ٣ŶڵϵʮһţⲻŵĶ
ѩٿںһϪ壬ͻȻӶ˶ŵԨԨζæ˶ţŤҪӹϪ
ʱԨӴϪŽѩٸ
һأѩٹسʱԨ˹ȥԨԨ
һСͿϲ죬˵ŸʽԴķͷϵķٶżö񻷣ܶʱײ죬׻Ͷİӡ
СȲ֪չʾһĽܣϵҲŻλζǡɵĿɰ


16 
ʱԨڣѩǲҪκ˵ģҲûʱԨߵʱ򣬻òĸʮߺ͹Ϫֵ
ʱԨѩϪ̲סָʮһš
ʮűţƢٺҲŭˣϪ˰ΪҲһ֣
ϪĵĿһۣѩٴΪʲô֪ͨң˵ܺѩٽ
ʮҲĸ˸ۣ˰ɣشԨԨ󣬾㣬£Ҷ첻
Ϫ㵱Ȼ첻޻˶
Ϫ˵ٿ۵ļһתߣʮæզզĸϣֵģͰȰȸûꡣ
ʱԨѩٻص鹬ʱѩѾϹŵЩ˭ģʲô֣ʲô;һһˣȻ˵ʮ߽Ϸˡ
ԺǲҲܳʮôҶԱһ£ڻûʮһֻצӴǣֱô󣡡
ԨԨʲôɫİ
ʱԨЦſʲôɫ
ѩٰһԼϵ·ʮϲɫǺɫģϲɫǰɫģԨԨҲϲɫԨԨҲǰɫģ
ʱԨѩٷŵ˵ϣ˭˵ϲɫ
ѩʱԨ·Դ㶼ɫ
ʱԨ˵СԴϲɫ
ѩٻȻذһԨԨǺɫģ
ԨԨǺɫԺҪϲɫ
ѩٻ֣׼ɫ·Լϵһ޲滻ļʱԨ΢ȾЦ⣬ǸС̶
ɫ·ûüϣѩٷһѴװ
ɴװʵᣬѩźص·Ƶ壬Ÿᷢٴڵ飬ѩ̲סζһصԴҲϲ·ذͷϵҲء
æùСƿ磬Сһ¡
ѩ׹ŵ˿ɻ󣺡ʲôƿ磬ƿǺþѽ
Цкþãˣ磬ʮλδʱʢѵãΪһƿ磬ɾ񶼻ΪƿСҪĵׯЩС
ѩ̾˿һŶ
鱻ⷬģЦˣ̲סСѵСյܶŶμƿıͣһݺ񡣡
ѩ۾һб˲ֱҪúñ֣ȡյȡԨԨӸ
õѩٱ͵ʱԨԺУѩú§סʱԨĲӣʱԨ
ȴʱԨֻǸһ·٣ͳ͹ȥɡ
ǰ׼ѩæȦʱԨֹ˼֣ԨԨҡ
ʱԨȥΪأɲܵ˱͡
ѩ٣أ
ʱԨЦЦ
ѩе㲻ģʱԨһǸձֱ֣ʱԨϣһճϲģ
ʱԨĺ󱳣첻ԣΪƿǴδй٣ȥǵҪʲĻ
ʱԨ˵ȥǾͿ϶ȥˣѩȻҲȥ᲻ҪܼҵԨԨأǱǣߵʱ򣬺޲һͷ֪ĻΪһǧ궼ѼˣϾܻˡ
鶼̲סƿ˾ܻˣ͵ǳȥһġ
ѩ٣󻹸һɶ𣬺ƺƵһȺ˴ӳ鹬ȥ߳˹ţʱԨѩܲʱεҡҡͷճճݳɾǶûôճ
СƿȻУһ󣬱˷Ѿû̽ˣõСֱ̣콵֮
㲻ᣬͬ磬һֻС̣ܲͬأ
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˼ѩٵСֱõЦ߽ڵĲɢһ졣
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׺޻ҲʿųģȻǣʹҲǰ㲻ġ
ȴѩע֮ʶѩר裬һιӣһι֭ٺĻʲɰʸ˵Ļŭš
Ϫ󣬺Ȼǰ׼ѩٱߣһ߻£ˡ
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ûܱѩٵĹϪֻܰٴιЦݺȥǳûġ
ʮ߶˺޻Цĵ⣬С֪۸ңб¸ȥЦ
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һѩٹĿļˣںһ񣬾ܵһ
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˵ʱԨΪƵģȡһͷرϣ㻹ûҲܿƣֻá
ƿϱ˵ݵϵȫװԼСָȥ
ʷСѩյرģ˸˫ЦĻȶЩÿѩټһλ˸󣬱͵͵Сʣ߲ˣϲϲ
ѩͷ
ʳûʲòã
ѩٷǳĵʲá
պ׻ʲһڣʲٴȥ
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һʹҲļˣ˺öףѩϲĻʲԼŬŬȷ̶ܱˣ
ΨһźǣٿģϯɢҹĻٺôѩٶҪ£Ҫس鹬˯޷ɲòµĺӡɢֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿ鱧ѩ뿪ıӰ
һҲĺ죬ֲʢĵر㶼ǲǧۣ˵Щٶ鶼򲻵ƣСƿ磬Ȼҵֱӳ˺ȣòȾֲ֮˼ˡ
һ֮䣬СѩٵĴ磬Ϊٰƿ֮ұֵãһ۲ƴֳֵļһ˴Ѳѡ
˵ƿϣʱСһֱû֣ͷβС˫žûأɼϲ̶ȡ
ǲ֪￪ʼԣѩСΪӣɻλ̳ˣ
лҪ˵
ʯˣײ㡪ʮߡ


17 
ܴԴжţһƿ¹֪ģǾλСΪܳ裬ͳƿһѰ䶼װ¡
˵̬ȣԼμƿ񣬳ָǴ󷽡
˵ٶûҪΪʵǳСæ澸ǻһһ
Ϊ֣أЩ͵Ȼװڴͳһ͵ĶǾ޴УҲͿЩ澽ǣһ˵鹬ȥ
һ·ҡеģĴԸ
ѩԭΪƿ磬ֻصǰһ򵥵ϸΣʱԨŲ֪ҪʲôʱܿʼķٸʱԨһ塣
ƿȻñʱԨҪæ
ԭͷ̫ʢö˽ԼҿһССͣԻһģ顣
ĳ鹬˱ޱ֣Щͯģģһħġ
棬ѩٻеС˵ģȻ鹬Ҳö˻棬ЩǺģǵͣٿģҲѵġ
Сպѩٽû˼ˣнѵĸоһҲ˵ԭ
Ҳ㿪ģΪǨûʼҲǾùֵֹģǾЩɺˡ
ѩڸ߸ߵķӣϻεŽţ·һȺͯڷץڡ
һӡסһַٶȼС棬СС˴̼ٶܣΪٶ̫ܲץ֮
ѩϷԹ۵ʱ򣬸оԼ֦ΪѹѹʶͷһǸħվ˹
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ħΪħΪϺܾͷԵĽΪΪӡ󣬷еˣܵĲϲħ塣
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ȴЩŮСĪԵ׽һЩ
ѩ΢΢ŲŲƨɣڳһλӣִԼСָȡ˸ͮͮĺޱݸܳ𣿡
ħ岻̫˽⣬ħҲһ
ЦŽӹȻԱ£ôȥ棿
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ЦЦԼĺޱе山صѪԣһźޱӵſ޵ľѪǱƷشҪ֮
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ݼɰԼƺм֣ﲻɵҲһЩϲ˵ҲЩ˼ɣǲǲϲǣҿƺ̫һ档
ѩٳ˸ճʱ˴ĲʱԨߺһֱǱŵģҪʲôʲôʲôҲδù֣ܶ糣ʶûΪ˴˵ɫαˡ
ѩʲô˵ʲôˣҲֱӵϲǸв̫һ
Цŵʲôģ
ѩһҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôģҲϲġ
ЩУλС˶֪䲻֪ԵɣȴδʱڻѪУ¶֪£ҲΪŻὫСϣץסȻС׺ĸ顣
·Щ겻ŮǣݵЦдһ˿Եĳ㲻ϲΪǶɡ
ѩɻĿ
ָָһͷëСѩٻҪ԰һЩС㿴ݱɵĵϵӣݱɵĸǺԳԳһɲףѪ壬ϱҪԷһЩΪΪҪԴ˼ҲЩ
ѩЩ̫׾ݵ˼ڸҽǵ֪ѽҵһ֪ҼԲġ
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ֵ˼ףһ޹ССǸҲٶ꣬ٶġ
ݵ㲻ϲҲһͯƤȴϳɵĺܣѣȴǴıȡ档
ѩٵͷ˿Լϣ棿
һ˲һźޱǿ󣬹ؼʱܾҪȻҪȥ򣬵ǰˣ־ܸǱԭ򡣡
ѩָ̲ס˿СָûбΪɾӵĲãֻǵĿžݣأˣҲǱҵ𣿡
ݣҰҲһٶˣҾոģ嶼׽ˣħ岻ɸ಻Ⱥ
ѩٿ˿ֵˣллЩҲϲǣϲ㣬ҽ첻ܸһˣ´档
ѩ˵ֱ꣬һʧˡ
ԶС绹ûιʱԨ޵ĴžѾ΢΢ЩŵһԺ󣬾ͱһС˸
ʱԨһֱײҲ¿Դ
ѩٱʱԨϵҲϲǣɲԲҪˡ
ʱԨ΢΢ɿϵϣʵ㲻һֱҪѣ뿪㻹ãô棬ѡã
ѩҡҡͷǲŲҪѣҪҺˣ˵ж
ʱԨҲԵǸȡ裬ЩҪ֮ﻻһģҲܹƽ
ѩҡͷвҲҪҵĶҪŸԨԨģö˺ȥ
ʱԨЦĶң
ѩһͷСʱԨߵҴӻʲǶö౦Ҷ㡣
лҪ˵
ѩ٣˺ң
ѩ٣ҺʲԨԨ
ʣǸС


18 
ѩٲϲʱԨȻǿͺᳳ֣һȺСȥѩٵԺӣֻҪڳ鹬Ӳʶ
ѩͬįʱԨͣѩټȻϲȻЩ̶ˡ
˵СҪʼѧϰһЩ֡
ЩӼҳһȻƤܲΣԽڣûң´ŭֻա
ֻѩپȻȥħĹҾݣ̲סԼЩĶԴͬ飬ôǸħľСۣ庢Ӷ壬ûã
ʱԨǻֻǸ˵ʣΪʲôҪ˽ԺѩҪصģǸǸʣԺⲻûЩĺӴ򽻵һЩҪ
ϢʮߵĶ֮ʮ˲զˣһӲŹϪһš
һ·ߵڣȵ˳鹬ʱԨĪ
ˣһ뵽СС;ҪĿ࣬ӲǽϪǰ׳ŵӿڣʱԨѩ٣ѩףָһͬûдУѣڽǲ˵㣿
ʮ˵ڹϪıһѣҲ˵˵Լķ˵á
ϪûʮԼСȹ澷ºſʱԨѩһ£֪ʱԨкΰţ
ϪȻѯʣʵϹѩ飬ԼѾ˾ʱԨȻʱȽϾãΪҲԶԼ֮ϣȻѩǰһ£϶á
ʱԨΪѩٴ㣬ֻϲ뽫ѩȦߣѩٵԸҲҪѩٴߡ
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ʱԨҪߣǵʱұ㽫ȥʥѧԺһʥԺѡԼϲҲʺĹ
ʱԨ⻰˶סˣʮԭ鶼հһ£ΪһʥԺ磬壬ֹ壬ڳʥǣʥֵΪʥѧԺ
ҪǣʥĻʶﲻֹʥѧԺҲʵĹʱԨôţѩͻʲô
ʮôţҲʶ˳
ʱԨ൱һ¡
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ΪʱԨĹϵܸӣûܱƽѾܲˣ£Ǻ˵½Ͻˡ
ʱԨĴ㣬Ϊѩ٣½֮ӣ£ǻܾˡ
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˯һܷɣڳǸ˳ȻǸԵŬŬȫһԵ
ʱԨһȥҪþӳǵĽٳҪ١
ΪʱԨ󲻻ص壬Ϊûܹڰпܻ䶨
û뵽ʱԨ󣬲ֹص壬صԼ֮ƾһ֮ɷѹȻ½ȦΪԼء
ɷ˲֪Ƭе֮ж฻ģ֮ᣬۺ첻ѣԽԽ࣬óҲ֮չ
½ĵȻ壬ȴı߾شħ壬˵Ϊı߾شΪ֮أҲΪı߾شֽĴ½
ʱԨ壬֮ĹϵȻûжϾ½֮ȴҲû˸ȥóǳۡ
һ⴫󽨳ɣǻʳǶԽĴǣߵ洦ж
뿪ʱʮ߶ûӻлֱ뿪˳鹬̲סСϪʵʱԨ˵𣿿ɱڲƭǣѩٴʣҲҪˡ
ϾıԸ£ʳǵıˣ˵Ҳ֪ʱԨΪʲôزǲѾ൱ˣҪ˭ʤ˭治˵ϾҲֻΪС̵ĸȨ塣
ʱԨϪﻹǾģοһԣԲ˵ʱԨȻô˵ˣȻƭˡ
ʮߺߺûֱߵˣһ䣺Ϲţ˵Ĳ𣿡
ϪŲ΢٣λǻԼǶȻǺ޵ģʱԨͷβ񲻺ޣԹȡ
⻰ûشʮߣΪ֪ΪʱԨ
ǰһֱѩٶûϢãڻ̫СԶˣҪ˯
ʱԨ˶ˣ鹬°˯ˡ
һѩٿڵһ飬ʱԨûлͣУͲȥˣûУͿȥʱԨ
˵˾͹ϪѾ뿪ѩæЬѰζʱԨ޵ɱ
ֻܵ޵ſںѩĪýʱԨΧеֵֹģʶǰççײײֱӳȥ
СƿţСܲ̽ʱԨȷʱԨû˼һƨʱԨϡ
ʱԨ飬ûŵѩ١
ѩϺεԼСȣ˿ʱԨŵ飬öʶһͿˣ飬ֻ̧ͷȥʱԨʱԨûд˼
ѩԼһ̲סŤͷȥʱԨԨԨ
ʱԨһһҳ飬δ
ѩýŲϣʱԨϻ˸ƣĿϣʱԨŵͷޱĶڡ
ֱѩãʱԨǰĳץһͷͶʱԨ۾ʱһ䣬δڣ¶˸Ц
۾һҲ֪ǲϵ̫࣬ЦϷ˸ԳƵСѣԽԵɰûǵģɨһ
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19 
ֵĵط٣ЩطѲأ֮ǰ԰񵤵صҩ԰ތm޳صȵȡ
Щ˵һ޷̤칬أ˵Ǿǿֵĵط
ʮҲǵһ磬һǰԼ̵ʱͱʴʱɱڵѩٵƤĺܣϴƢ𱬣˭ܲסһ˳ˣʱ˦β͵ƻ
ҩ԰꣬޳ŵ޵ûٱ۵ͷקҪһƤǵʱΨһụ̂粻֪Ҫʴٴˡ
ˣȻСʱô޷죬οûƤı˻˵Ǿ򣬰㲻ġ
ǲҷˣĿ֣Դиѩѽ
ò׺ѩԸˣʮߴѩֱ޳ء
ތmһ޳أö޻ǵʱţ޵ȫǾģСһȻƷѵģڵʲôޣǲޣ޷֪̽ģֻܵȵƿ֪
޵˵ǵҲԿһ־ʯпܷ࣬Ҳпϡҩ
üǰиõɣ޵￪һϹźֱ֮ӵõ
ތm˱֮ˣûһǲ˽ģǵ걻ʮ߻һκ󣬿ܸϸˡ
ȻǧȥôތmĻͬһֻһһС
ѩٵĴѴˣϡĸʲôƵģ˵ʱԨҪռŲ֣һλСͬᣬλͷССһތmǵ
ͽæȥ湬ތmһʮߣԼڳرֲŪ޵Сſˡ
ʮŤͷˣʱһ˵ıüЦѽ㻹ތmء
һʮ߾;ۣ뵱ʮҲչ꣬ʱɷսսãڶ࣬򣬸ɷԴҪ°֣ȻԼħͬ顣
ʮߵĸѮɷ֮սѹɷԴʱСʮ߲֪Լˣ㽫ߣһͬ硣
ΪʱΨһ̣ǱûˣĶһµһİԵ
ʱʮе޵ʱҲҶֻ׷ںСĵźţСһˣβϵĴУڽ»ùͷۡ
ںòǸĳ궮ˣһ꣬û뵽˸Сģ¼ֱ룬һСᳬʮ߶ٱ
˵ʮ߻Աѩѩ㿴Ǹѩѩ׵ǰǸ򿪿ʲôҪǻûɣǾֱӳԵҸ˵޵ﻹûɵʱһ̲侫Һر𣬳Եһţܶ೤һ糤
ѩٿصĵʵҰҺȵˣǸǲǾͲٳˡ
ʮһ죬ǿűеѩ׵ͱУŵһ·Ȼ⵰ǶƿˣҺԵˣﻹܳ
ѩæקʮߵ·Žȥ޵
ʮΪҪæ΢΢ݸ
ѩٽӹֱ֮ӽǿ޵СĵķŻ˳óˮ˽һʱ޵ɵˡ
ʮΪϲָָһɫƵģǸأǸôģÿ
ѩҡԴҪҪҲҪǻûƿǣô죿
ʮ߶ѩٵԱ߽͵ЩʳϵԵһ⣬ЩƿˣҲǻᱻƷ׵ģƷϳ˿ʳͳΪʳƷϳ˿ãͻᱻȥĲϣƷ³ˣľͿˣͻֱӱȥ½硣
ﾺǿΪѩһֱ֪ģҲΪһһԵ˶ʲôУǿصĵδΣҪ
ʮֱӽպҪҪԣĺܺóŶ
ѩҡҡͷҪԺǻôڣںŬĳ󡣡
һԵĽ¼ֱжˣʲôСΪǵڶСԵû뵽ɰ
ոջ۵ǧ޵ȴе̲סҪõĸСˡ
ѹʺʱԨԸ˺ƤԣҲҪСĸȨأôֹɵС̣˭ܲϡء
СˣȻ˵ҪҲСһˣތmĲ࣬޵úܣֲǸæùͽȥУƷõ޵
СϲģЩ޵Ҫ˶þƿǣȥҲùܣֻ÷ŨĵطƿǾˣ⼸ö·ľ飬пƷϳ˵ķޣҲġ
ѩٺԥƾҡͷ˵ʲôҪ⻹ǵһν͵Ͳȥġ
ʮ߱ǴƸģѩٲϡЩȻҲˣǸɴȥ԰˵Щݵޣָıء
ʮߵ԰кöޣƷޣ˳ķݣ͵ޣ㿴ϲģǾҪˡ
ѩȴǾܾҲҪġ
˼ʮߵǺˣΪʲôҪҪһ͵ޣһЩΪµģܶҪ֣ɳ޾ܸɵԷ
ѩСʮ߶ߵһģԨԨҾͺܲˣڶֻˡ
⻰ʮۣҪǴ򲻹ʱԨֲѩٲˣĺ뽫ѩԼ
ʱԨôģһСҪһֻ޶Ҫ𣬿˭̶ܿ
ίʮ߱ѩ԰ĿıڶСС಻һĸޡ
Щ԰ɢģÿһֻ϶зӡΪЩ޻δԸ˳ĻãԸ˳ĺ£ܿÿһֻ޵Ĳ϶ϵһΪӡ֮á
ʮڸѩٽʱѩָ԰Ľŵһ˵ĲΪʲôҲӣ
һԵĽæɣǷ˴ˣñ԰ֻһֻ޻Σˣ̷Ҳأֻɻ
ѩٺ˷ʲô
ʶʮߣ֧ҡͷҲ
ѩŶһû׷ʣȻû˵һʮҲδ֮⣬԰ķ֮ˣ¾һǰɷԴˡ


20 
һȦ԰ѩһûϵģһȷǾڶʱԨţҪһֻԨԨĸˣһûһ۾ϲϵģԸɴͲҪˡ
ûѩϲģʮ߾ʹȥҩ԰ҩ԰ֲĶǧ꣬ƷԽʱԽõģԽǿһЩѾʶģʶŬҲǿԻεġ
ʮָҩ԰һɫβ㿴ǸҸɽʱһͲҪʶˣһȥˣҲ֪޳ɹûУǿʶǧģ˵ܻˡ
ѩٿһɫĻ뵽Լ̲סʮʵݾεĶ𣿡
ʮҡҡͷ࣬Ҫɾ̫ˣѣ廯θѣǰڵĿǣ˵һߵżлԵǵģһǾģѵõ黨ݣϡȱԴûɣһ֣Ǳժ³ĻԵ
ѩ۵֪̽ʣʲôĻԵĻԵ
ʮ߱ѩ԰ȥʲôĻԵ˵һβݣɹ˵ĴһʼܱⱻʿժԾѣҲпǵǱιڳͨĲϣĻԵ
ٱ˵ǿһֲҪȥ飬õȪˮ࣬γˣǸĻԵ
ѩٿ˿Լָ˵С̽ʮ壬֪֪ûѪݳɾ
ʮֱЦһѪݳɾ⻹û˵еĻСҲҵǰơ
ѩЩŵȭͷΪΪʲô
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ѩٱǰһŵסˣ̲סһºæڶ˫ţŬƾܣҪȥ
ʮҲ֪úõôˣæ˵أ˫ֻȦδſѩôˣҪȥĶҪʲô˵
ѩٰһƣò׽ʮƿһһµҲҪ㣬ҲϲˣҪȥԨԨ
ʮ߶ʱһΪʲôҪˣΪʲôϲˣ
ѩ٣
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¹ҡҡͷǴ֮ˣʱޣ涨ʱ޷ȥ׽ã߹ʣȥС赣ǣةΪˣΪ˲Ҽƽϡ
ѩץַҪһȥ¹޷ٵȥٳδ飬Ļᾪֻ˳ѩٵ˼һȥ
ʮ߼ѩپȻԼǸˣֲܷѩٸһܣֻĹĵĸϡ
֮£ȻһɳӣǹеɶԭһӵȻֻʣСʱھҪڳ𣬻һץס¹нȥ
ںѩæ˹¹ǰ棺ײģײĹ㣬㣬鹬ãұ֤㡣
һСɶ˲ɫԭ˲Сֺã˵ʳõĹӶѣﵣСһ֣ȻǱ͵ԵģȻˡ
ĲƽˣѩҲ˿תͷͬ˿¹סЦЦ
¹˿ҪСţٲһ𷣣Ѿ̫ûнӴˣԱܵĲ鷳κˣ˾һٴ
СЦҲĸ¶һĨЦ
ӶЦģʮֱмһվ˫ֱһˬ
ѩһ뵽Ǿ䰡سԵһתҪȥԨԨͿٳ鹬ڷܵˡ
ʮĶţѩ٣Ǹ׷ȥ
¹뿪ıӰߵЦ⽥ȥв¶ЩĽһǰҲйǵ֡
лҪ˵
ѩ٣ÿ롭
ʱԨʲô
ѩ٣ѣ


21 
ԶѩٺеʱԨ紫Ϣһ֣ЩѶַڿɢˡ
ѩŶ룬һַպʧ˿С
ѩһضˣȻ൱ݵֻʱԨϺ󣬱㽫ʱԨľѡ
һû˵ɢίϢ
ʱԨоһͷ˳۾̽ͷ̽ԵʮɨһۣŵôˣĲˣ
ѩʱԨ˺һſСѯʣһֻѪݳɾˣԨԨҲᰡһڳԵ𣿡
ʱԨδѯΪдһʣֻشᡣ
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ʱԨѳɾǵô컯Ĵڣ־飬һջħ
ѩһ§סʱԨĲӣֻſĵʱԨϻεԨԨãϲԨԨˣ
ʮŸΪʲôѩ˵ˣæŴ̬ѩѩ٣Ҳˣұ֤ԣҲϲҺòã
ѩٱʱԨĲŤͷʮߣ˵ҪԵģһڣ
ʮߣǶأɾˣôܻԣҲԾģʲô鶼ԣģҸ㱣֤
ѩٺһŤԴȻʮܺãôԭʮ壬٣Ҫԭ£ʮԺĲСݾĻ
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ʱԨ΢΢ͷڻˣǴ˾ֻɢǧ޹У۰ʣ޻ˣôϲʮߣһֱչ飬ҶҲȣ
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ʱԨЦЦδشڵѩٶԣȷѾ񣬵ѩԺ󳤴ˣԼǷǹˣȻ֪ʲôľȷġ
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ڣͻȻҪ뿴ѩ˵飬Ǿͷ
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¹æҡͷǵģҲõҩģСǴ֮ˣǣϹϵá
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ѩ֣¹һЩСʵǲǹѽԨԨ˵㲻ǷһĻΪ˰ﷸ˴ӳȥŷĴҾãǹġ
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ѩ̨ϣԼζĽż⣬͸۵ʹ⣺ΪԨԨҲѽ
ѩ˵꿴ҾûдֻѣԲԣ
һ˵ûдˣ¹΢ۿЦЦԺʹѾҪˡ


22 
ѩٺ̫ˣһ¹ΪʲôҪͿ̿磬¹Ҫˣ˼ҵ£ҲͲ˼ˣתͷʳԼһ¡
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ԭѹ¹ҪΪɰء
ѩپĿһǧĻҲʲô¡
ԨԨûɰ֪𣿡
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ѩ·ʮ߸մ޻Ƕܻûķ׼ȥѩٴȥ棬ͼѩԶԶܹˡ
վĴſڣ˫ִŵĵСѩĻС
ڴ˸СѩܵǰСһ꣬ķ϶˽ȥ
ԭͶͱҸ۵ʮߣ˲ɴ۾һתͷѩٶԶˣ׷ȥ
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һηᣬۣҲѵãȻҪ໥һ¸©ȱ
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ѩһʾ֪ˣԭΪѩʮģʮȻǿнԼıᣬҪѩٺ壬ʵҲϻֲͣϽʱڣҪȻһΪûʲô
ҲΪܴѩ浽һȥҲּɣʮŰѩٺҲǴһˡ
׼ԱߺŵĹȥȡЩѩٰԵĶ͹ȥ͡ѩƹʮߣֱæһ֣ţȥȥ
һ˵꣬Ϳ첽뿪˴
ǹɶ˵ѾǺϤ˹峤߷ЦſϪ¸СϵԽ׽ˣʢӦ˱µԸɡ
ϪҡͷɲܳɹѩٴʱԨߺֻϣܼƽ⣬ʱʱԨԽѩȥʥѧԺѧ˫ܴԸ
һߵſڣͿܹС̣æ첽ӭȥСٶ
ѩſ˫ֿ첽ʲ
һѽѩٱ§ڻУѩٵһףֱ˸һŲѩٷŵԼֱţСٶרһʲģ
׷ʮߣֱӱˡ
ѩٹ˳׹ſڣʲܸһɰ𣬾Ǹһǧľơ
ʸС̣ĶõãҲû⣬Ҫʲôʲ͸ʲô
Ӧ֮ѩŶ󣬿ɲܺɰͣҲһ䣺СٶȾˣɰɲܺȵģȣʲСƣɰúȶˡ
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ѩٻϲȥӣȴʸÿˣǽԼѩǶͣͼԲˡ
ѩٷǳϵʵǸףĿĴЦ
ͷβ˸׵ʮߣ


23 
ѩٵԼҪĶ͵ȲҪȥ԰¹¹˸ˡ
Ȼû취ͬһµһֱӵʮŴһѽѩٱԼļϣ·ɿܣѩϿֱЦ
뿪Ϫ˹ɰ
ʻ˻֣޷һƣ㲻ʲô¡
ϪɽѩٺȥҪģǲֹһơ
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ЦЦ㵱ɲ֪ѩٿڻ֪ѩٲҪ˵ֻǲ֪Снˣ֪Ϊѩ룬αա
һֱֵތmſڣѩʮߣʮҺòá
ʮ˫ֱظСһҽȥɡ
ѩٵҸ¹֮ܣʮ壬Ҳ֪̽˵ܣǲԵġ
ʮ߶ʮܣǲϲʮˣ
ѩʮĵϲԨԨ
ȲʮֻһǵڶϲҲС
ѩ٣ڶϲǻʲ
ʮֻһǵ
ѩ٣ϲ飬ڶϲ飬˵Ҹʲֻܰڵˡ
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ѩЦϲǹϪ壡
ʮ߶ʱɴ۾Ϫǰ氡˭Сûĵģڵڼܲ޻˶ǰɣ
ѩһ֮ǰϲʮ壬ʮ˵һڳԵСݾҾͲϲʮˣʮ㱣֤Ժ󲻳СݾҾԭˣҪˣ޻˽ǰ档
ѩ˵һܽތmʮ߿˼ތmſڵ̨ϣӰɪ͸ᡣ
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͸˵ٳٳҪŻῪġƿ˺öɿˡ
¹ֽӹѩ͵֣صһлС¹һ󡣡

ѩԺεǧʱԱߺԨԨ㿴ҷɵĸ߲ߣ
ϿʱԨ̧һۣһǸӦϲӰķһҳ飬ֽתصеϡ
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ʱԨһ飬ѩٺĴսԨԨڿʲôѽ
ѩʳĿڣһЩĵмҳϡ
ʱԨὫмһЩӼǡ
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¹ȻɣסΪһ췣ӡͬĵĲᣬ˸ûܱܹһƷ磬һơ
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԰µԨױ˺ٲĵطȥͳ׻ɢʬ޴ˡ
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ӿû¹Ƕһۣ߸ŵǳǰ½磬ֱڣַᰴ֮ϣԴԴϵӴڳΪá
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¹ѣ͵ȥֹ㽫ٴδڵء
۴ɨ͸ɭ⣺ɾ
¹˵ĲᣬҪֹſˣ
ȻѾǵһˣᰴֿõֿˣֻǿ¹ʹģΣźں޴һһֻӵĶ֣ߣ
Цһ˾ͱˣ־͹ײ˲üġ
˵꣬һһץֱӽ¹ץ˽У˳ĲУֻҪ΢΢һһֻ¹ܱһֻ¹
Ű֮Ⱦɺ졣
ᰴǻǱ˺ѵľʹݵק̧һץסӵ޲͸һɱɱ⣺㲻ã
ѩСʱԨ͵ۣڴͬʱȫ̧ͣͷϿա
ѩٱʱԨĶѣ۾˸ǷʱԨü̧ͷϣɻԨԨô
ʱԨѩٱ˻վɣ֡


24 
ν񣬵ȵḻ̌һ˲䡣
䡣
˿̣һŴ׹һ֮ǰǺлûе̣ơ
һͬʱһԵδйԲüϵ󣬲֪⼴ǣǲһػ񣬻Ƕһ١
԰У¹ѾɿڵϵᰴͻȻӿһɾ޴ľ
һϣǿ츫ƿֻܵýѡ
Ͽˣ԰ıҷжͣϢˣǾֻһԭڽ԰ˡ
¹ãȻĿǰһУոջҪڵʹĵڵϣƺ޴Ļ˹ȥˣڵϺȫȻû
¹ǰһУһ꣬ɱ췣ӡ쵱һɣҲԸ½磬Ϊľһ죬ټһˡ
ˣȴ
ɰľ㻹ܣϻ֭ˮ̰ĵţԺܽ鹬ǲиĻᣬżˡ
¹˹ȥᰴ΢΢۾˲һɾ޴ľϲϮˣ
ᰴҪЦһЦѾûˣΪֹӶ¹֣ȡʱֱӱ񵤡
ϧǰһսˣһģʣˣľһ˿Ҳֻʱѹƣ˲Ƿ̫أһʱ䣬Ѿ㹻¹ȫ뿪ˡ
ᰴĳ¹̧֣¹һס󣬼ѵǣ¹ѹ˵õĽѡ
ʮ꣬꣬߹ɽǧ̬ڻ룬ЩңԶĹȥ·졣
ʱϣȻҹ޲򣬵һγɹȹٵļϲá
һ꣬УŮľ޻
¹ᰴ̫̫Ļ˵ľ³ڵֻʣ֣߰ɡ
뿪ҪٽԼ칬ϣҪΪԼ
¹֪ϲģǶȰǣڰɵԸ
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ᰴһ˿ɢ¹סĻ䣬֧¹ױˡ
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ݵĻԺ˹ϵʹղŷ飬ʧ˫ѣһתͷѵбᰴʬֻޡ
ֲһǵѪ䣬һ䣬ͬԵĻѣǴȥ
¹̧ͷӣֵͷ˿ᰴʬʬǣʬ;Ҳ࣬Ҫǣ󣬻һɵһɵ֮
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ųĻӣ¹һץᰴʬԥԨ
ԸᰴʬһͬԨУҲմȾ֣
ſٵ׹䣬ǵ˺ԽԽ࣬ᰴüĵһĨɽ¹
ҹѾ˲ٵʱԨѩٹʱЩΧڵеԶóһȴʱԨϡ
ÿһƢͬʱԨڶп˵ƢõģҲ˸ǵģΪӲˣҲ˶ŭ䣬䵽˾һûı顣
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ܽ˵ȴʱǿҪλ֪˭񽫻ǣڣҵ˼ǷɢһЩϡ
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ʱԨδڴ̫ͣãѩֱȥ̨
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Ȿòǣᰴһõ̺ôܱѹ䣬Լ
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ѩ˵ʲôᰴ֣ᰴ¹ˣǸ˴еΪʲôԨԨ˵ᰴԨԨڸ˵ҲҲ졣
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ȻѵõĻ˶Ҫеȴޣħ壬ɱͱҪѣοȻԽϧ֮׵Ļᡣ
ҲԽĵıʱԨڻеֻ಻ϧˣĻᣬһûʼĺͯȻֻſ֡
ٿЩģ˿ûд˱˲ֹ֪ûֹǶóԵĺš
ЩδûҿϾʣм潫˵ڣԼʦͬΪҲٲ˵һѵϵɫȴڲ͡
ӵʦ΢һ䣬ıС˵ĵӳɫδ¶ʲôȻЩʧױӰ죬̸εļ̡
һףһ仰ʶ̨ɢ֮⡣
ڳһǧѷųģһɨ۾ܿԵһֹڴˡ
һЩǰ֮ȹٲұԵġ
ѩֹ˿ޣ̲ס飬ҲǸˣҪӭ񣬵뿪Ҫȥ¹ᰴˣ¹һѹ
ѩţᰴûˣ¹ӦòҪˣ֪ʲԨԨʱܲܰ¹һߡ


25 
½ܵ׵ڽɢȥڰյ̨ҲԽԽʵһ΢Ĺһɢ֮УһӰԶ
ԭе㽻̸ܣͻȻһƬžѩٺĴʱԨĻ̧ͷǳ£ͻȻһˡ
ԷȻ̫٣ѩٶ˶ӣеϤζһӿµ벻˭ζ
λ½ʱԨЩ⣬£׽ġ
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֪ݣʱԨҲջĿ⣬ȡһʪӣڿ̧ͷѩٲ˲ۡ
ֱ˳״߳ѩٶʱɴһۣһϳ˶Է¹
̨ϵһ¹˲Ѿ֪˶ԷݣͬһЩСȴ̫¹ݡ
ͬǰģ޲бо˵õ֮ӣƽȥʶһ¹εɣСƺѿڶ䣬㲻Ŀȥ
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ѩټץʱԨҡεԨԨ¹
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ѩٲ֪¹ΪʲôôǵǷĹؼʱ̣¹ɰɻ󲻽ĿʱԨԨԨ¹𣿡
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ѩٵʱԨæ¹Ǳȥֻվ̨ϣ¹Ϊƽټ½̤еģѩֻ̨ܵԵȻ¹˻֣¹
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뵽֮ǰԨԨ˵ᰴ䣬ѩŨܵĽë΢΢´˴ˣȵ𣿡
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Ȼ¹Цѩ̲סס۾ҪѹͿްɣ㵲ţñ˿
ѩͨ˫ۣ֮ǰ̨ϵ龰ˡ
˶ϲõĵȴһ̣ǷϲòΪֻǧʢ£ĻܸЩõӴٽĲ
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ǰ¹֪˱˵˼»ô֪ˣһֿ޶޲š
ѩһҲͦá
¹ѩԼ۾ʵСܱ𣿡
ѩپ¹ѹ֪Ҫôοһѹˣ¹ѯʣſ˫׼һӵ
û뵽¹ֱӽȻ̨ȥ
δ̨ۣ֮Ǳһ˲䣬ή⣬񽫻ȫҫĵ֮Уķ񣬴ӹķϣδ˷ʱ⡣
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˵ˣʱԨԼЩ¹ľٶѩٹȥֻΪ¹￴ĻļԼƽµİӿ
ѩǰӴΪ⣬ϣһ⣬¹Щ
ѩȫЩ˱ȥҲϰˣԨԨԱߣ˿¹ὫߣۺĴܡ
̨ľɫղ̨ȫһӵĺ׳·ȫĿǺӵС
¹̤һ̨ʱ֮ϽһƬȴĿİ׹⣬ԡ⵱е¹ЩԨиѳ˺ۿɼϣЩ۲ɼˣҲ޸
õ⵱зɢȥȡ֮һ׵ӡ¹ͼڵװһ
ǺУǶҲ֮ĿĹâԼУһ˿һƵ콵
ͬԡ⵱еѩٿ¹ļͷ˳˯ϵĹνĵʥϾ
¹Ĵţǰһһи֣еĻȫͣᰴһ̡
ᰴ˵ԣ԰Уҵ¹ɡ
ʱδ㳯˵ͷӦ˺á
ǵɢϵ̨Ҳһһ׵Ļǹ⡣
¹Ӹߴ£ʶĲֱӴ͵͵ź棬ʶģЩɫӣ˭뵽·񣬾Ȼ
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ʱԨѩٽӹһ˳ĺ̽麣ȷѩû£ſ¹
ʲôû˵ֻǵͷʾ⣬ʱ˿̣¹ùϲҲȰڰ
Уܿ㴫磬½֮еֿϧλ½񱳺һˣҪͽᶼѰ;
½ļϣ½Ż⣬⣬һ죬ԭᰴ䣬Ϊ⻰ȶȣ֮ǰɷսһ
¥氲˵̸ۣ˶һλСһжһ졣
һ½¹ˣֻᰴ䣬綼Ըֱӻᰴڵķɽȶ֮ڳţ˱㲻ٹע
ֱǧȥ챬һҡ
ִǲ½ȴ˹֮
칬Ϯڤ꣬Ӵ
Ϊ˵ʱ򣬲մȾ𶾣Ϊɢ
ʣӱԺ游ס綯ʽ˳λۡ
ֻû뵽ӲʣȻǿаãɱ߱޹Ϊ󳹵ħʵа
ҲаȻܼɳǴֳ֮
Ҳʱŷ֣ѻۣ֮֮ɷаǧΪͻͽ֮ںΪһ塣
ѵľ񱻰ǰɱӣ֮ٱɷ֮ᰴ֮ʷݣι֮ٴαױ޷ѹ
ѡѹ֮ô齫ᱻʱֻһĺƽ١
ʮλ֣Ϊ֮Զľס˲նӵ֣Զѹ޾֮
ʮλƽһµĺƽ١
ԭΪʹƽϢȴһĻ֮˾Ȼ¹¹ıǧֻ꣬Ϊ˱ᰴ֮𣬱²
¹ʲô³治֪ʱȻѾɣ̫Զûȵ¹Ľ֣Ѿˡ
ٴλص¹շʱ꣬ϧΪ£춼ϲȥãٻмǧʱ䣬Ҳü
һЩʱϪ;˲ժݻ˲¥Ų¥˵̸ۣЩ棺Ҳ֪ѩôˣ˵ѩٶûʼȴ¹ϴ⣬᲻ʲô°
С֮һƿѴ磬ŷٽ۵ȶȲת򣬶ڰԲ²⼴񽫻һλɡ
û뵽֮СĴĸˣ絮ʷһճǲãͱˡ
Сѩٵִı¹Ҫ㣬Щ֪ĻΪ½С
ϪҲû뵽ԼйǸȻ˲ͬĵЩģѩٶûʼһգ᲻ᷴа
οģǰСڣڣԲ¡
΢΢̾˿Ҳ֪һμѩʲôʱ˵ˣҪ˱ˣǵġ
ңǿ
Ϫ죬ǡ
ҡͷ죬ȥ粻ˡ
뵽õİ취аҪǧܡ
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ߵʱܸ֪СһЩ֪֮£ȡıǳƽУѹԶ˹֮ʱԨһ
СôںʱԨ֪£᲻ӡ

Ϊ֪粻̫ãʱԨ˵ص½ҪڤǸررԾرԶʱԨķۣҲҪ·̡
ǵڶûء
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·;ңԶ̫ģרŴʮǶѹöȤСʱᶼûʼѾѻȥг̶滮ˡ
ϧ׼ô࣬ȴ㶼ɲóˣΪѩ˯źûѡ
ҪʺʱԨȷѩ£˵˴Եʱĳ˯ֻõʮ߶Ҫ̲סȥ¹̨ʲôġ
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ԲʱԨһȴǳҪѩߣѩţѩٵľѩٲѣҪӦѩٴĳŵ
Ȼ᲻ãô꣬һ̶ã֪ѩٿ϶ʱԨġ
ҴѾˣɺѩپȥʥѧԺѧʱǻصߣֻʹ֡
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Ϫ˵ˣʱԨֹͣĶ½㸻Ĳ֪ٱҪġ
ʮߺߺˣǸܲסʱԨСû̶޶ģûôޣƾʲôѩҪί
ʱԨȥѣ߲ϲˣԵĶһ˸ɸɴģڣΪһֻ̣Ͷ˺ö鷳¡
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ǰЩҲͶˣҪģڣҪȥһ£ѩõϵģҪߡ
֮⣬һЩеЩûеģҲҪȥðһЩҳ磬һЩеĶҲȥȡһЩ
ȥһߵˣһ뿪ǰ鹬æµˣģδֹ
ʱԨͥԺʰѩϲļЩѩٰڷڴϣ˯Ҫβ;ŵģԻûüѩٷŽԼĴС
ǱʰһƬ㣬δһƬŪЩʱԨ㽫ֱӷŵԼĴС
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ʱԨŽУһս˴ʾ¹˯
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ѩΪǵ⣬ѾɹǣҲ˵ֻҪʱȻһһٵͻơ
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֪¹УʱԨֻѩˣźδ𣬵֪ᰴ䣬ңܷһͬ硣
ᰴ֣¹ѪʹţȴѲԣܵС˼ǹң¹ңʱԨһطɽٺ߶š
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¹ǺݣõҲ֮ȻһдӼϺı⣬Դظˡ
ѩٴҲû뵽˯űʱԨ칬˯űʱԨ磬һ˯ֱ˯ʱԨ½


26 
ȱ򿪵֮һѩٺϤ㣬ÿʱԨľѴŵľ㡣
ζֺЩʲôѷѵѩ΢΢Сüͷ˰ŷ֣ʱԨ¶ȡ
¶Ҳζģ¶ȵζʱԨζû¶ȵζǾֻͨ
۾ʱԨĶ־˯ʱߺ˵
㿴СǲҪѽ
۾ˣ죡ȥ񣡡
˵Сϲ𣿡
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СÿӦûϲǰɣ˵Сϲúÿˡ
ѩپе㳳Ҫ˵˭Ƥְ̫ܿȻͱ˱һ˲ĿڸܵϤϢŷ
ϤζǼ⣬ѩҲ֪ʱԨ
ܿһ΢ʪϣһֱ˲⣬ĳһɨգѩټеۣһ۾Ϳڸˡ
һʱԨѩپЦܵĻһۣ˿Լˡ
ʱԨԼţʪԱһݣȻǰӹһֶѱõ֭װʵĺƿѭѹֻҪһܽڵˮͷ
ι岢̶̫Ƥʵĺܣûоϸˮ߶ҪǷġ
Ƶģ˵ֵĥ˭֪СģƿϣƳƶۡ
˵Щﻤ̻ĸʲôƵģ½˿ɴӲԼҲһϾг弸û顣
ٿ˵԰ɣûһֻӹ̵
ѩٺ˺üˮ˺ͷĸɬע⵽ܵĻ̫һˣⲻǳ鹬վŵҲİģʱԨ
ʱԨˮÿǻˣ
ѩ͵صɴ۾ôģô𣿡
ʱԨЦŵѾ˯˿ĸˣȥ·̣ˣˡ
һѩٸǾˣôãҺ˯Ŷǻʲأʮأ¹أиһ𣿻Ҵϵأ
ʱԨһһĻӦʺʮ߻˳ʥǣ¹ᰴ֮ǰڵķɽθһˣ֪ˣΪȥ׼ʳˣЩˣԺ˸ù
ʱԨ˵꣬һ֣æ˹
һü۾·ɫףһʵУȴһǿغͰݡ
һûôޣʮºͿ鶯Цյһ໹иľѣžͻϲˡ
ʱԨǷƺͻ壬壬ԴǾ˪˪һ黨ԻһֻҪϲͽ£ЩȥʥѧԺѧʱ㽫ǴߣҪǲϲϤߵĻԼѡ
Ǹ꣬ΪһЩʱԨʱ򣬾ʹѡġ
һѡ˶ʮˣȵʱԨŴʮѡ˷ƺͻԼߣ츳ѣƷԸϳˣʺϷѩ顣
ջҪѩо˿Լϲϲ
ѩһ뵽ʱԨôˣܱ˿˯һˣʱЩߵʱԨ˲䣬΢Ķ˶㣬û˵ϲҲû˵ϲ񶼲˼ƺͻϿ
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֮ǰôɰСԺ᲻һֻϾԸ඼ȽϰԵʱ˳裬ֻĸԵû뵽СȻһֻẦߵС̫ɰˡ
ѩٲ˵һԼＷ֪ǲ˼ˣʱԨ˶ϲĻ뿪
ѩæץסʱԨҪ̧֣ɿתһȦڷƵԶͣһϢźС䣬ʱԨСңû˵ϲ
ȻѩСС˵ôľСҲ΢ɼ˿εųõЦ
Ҫ֪λᵱһƴģǶԣĻԵסǾǵݡ
ѩټ֮ʱԨȥˣûڣѩٱεĴкöӣѽ
ʱԨҵ޹޹ѾúˣˣܻԼĹȥԺƺͻ͸㣬㰲ˡ鵽ʱҲȥչ㣬Լ»Ҳ躦£ͬڳ鹬һ
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ʱԨסһǾûκСˣҵʶǿ󣬼㲻룬һжᱻ֪
ʱԨеѩһ˵н˱סЦ۳ҲҪСܣҪ㡣
ʱԨЦЦɣѾúõĹģԺдѡϤĻ󣬾Ҫʼˣٲǰǰ֡
ʱԨ˵뵽ѩٸѰ̲һ޲ȫԼ飬˭Ҳûţѩ̫ˣʱԨּһ䣺ÿһʱȥ档
²ѩٹ涨ʱ䣬ѩȥ档
ѩٵɹѾ򿪣˵ֻҪճЩʳסŨ֮أֻ˯˯ܷɣڳʱԨûĴ㡣
ΣҪѣٵĽ٣һ̥ǵĥǳɲģһ²ΣԶ統һֻС֡
ѾʼĺŽͥԺȥ»ѩ٣ʱԨĵһֱǣҲգԼܻס
ս׵飬ǰ̤׼ӻСžͱ֪СҪס£һ㶼⣬ֹȻ˵ĸо
ǰԸԺΪСĹʱ;Сճ˳̶ȣֻǸ裬ڵã趼ǣֱӿˡ
æ˽СƽջõĶȥյſڣͼߵ½Ⱦɣͣ˽Ų½Ⱦ߽󣬱㽫СĶ
½ȾɸѾ꣬ƽҪһе½ĴС£½Ⱦɴġ
Գէ鲻Խ׳أɲΪС׽ֲΡ
½ȾӹǸɶװСճƷĴתߵŮӣվڴſϾ±ãȻ
ʲô˼ѵԺҪչֻԷ¶ֲܵҪչһԷɶ֪С


27 
ѩٺܿͽ»ˣǰԴ½ûһ֪Ϊ½ž͸ƣ֪֮ԭǡ
½һƬܴܴ½أкöУڵĵطǣʱԨסĵطƶ
Ʋ֮ϵģȳ鹬֪˶ٱ˵ʱԨŵͲг鹬ôˡ
ѩţҺʱԨҪסһ𣬲ȻȥÿҪȥʱԨ·ңԶķɵ
ҲڷɵʱԨߵǸ½Ⱦ壬ˢһ¾˲ƣʱԨ˵Ҫѧ˲ҪüС
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Ժ˲Ҳͨ˲ƵʥǣȥʥѧԺԨԨ˾ʱ
֪ƺͻرΪѡġ
ʱʱԨͰѡˡ
ŷῪʼʱ½ΪʱԨһָȫԱˡ
ЩģԼģҴټģöǡ
ʱǸʢûöԴˣһǸظ֮ӣһ콾Ѿˣҵ콾ʮˣһֱͣʱڣö˶ܿѡʺܴ󡣡
ѩٺأΪʲôûбѡУ
ʼ磺ֻ˵ҲңҲңЩŴ󻧳ˣʹļأǵڶľûȥҪҵֲʲôţֻҪ츳ڴľУؼԣҪҺͷҲᱻѡϡ
Щĵȷ콾ѡֲ콾Сģ˼ˣٴ츳ٺöûá
ѩٿ˿վԱߵķƣǺʶ𣿡
ҡҡͷʶ˲ʶģƿųĬԵģʵƢã
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Ϊ̨ǱԵشƲ̨ϣܺ·ĳС
ѩϲ½Ⱦ˽Ƭ֪̤Ĺ̨Ǹ»ɴʣ̨ϲ˻ҳ֦ʯҲȫոµ
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ѩٲǺףѪͳô𣿡
ҲǺܶͬɻ󣺡Ҳ̫Ǹ忴ǸµģҲҪ֮Сء
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÷Ҹ˵Ǹöо仰ΪգҪķֽڵΪܴԪӤڵƻ
ѩֻ֪ҩû˸߹ϻзֶʱ治ѣôǷУԨԨ𣿡
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һһֱûķüͷ΢̲ס
ͷ
ƵֶӡѡΪ黤ģСɥ־ġ
ѩȴǳĶˣֻΪ˷мУÿڹ̨¿ʵҲȥһġ
ѩסˣʮָɴȥʱԨ
£ʱԨȻţӲѩٵɣȥɣ˸ŵģ赣İȫҲɺҴ
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ǵ֮ǰϪ˵⣬ҪǮģȻûǮϻ֪ġ
꣬Ѿûмֵǵĵر緱ǵȴһ鶼ûеʱԨ
ȻбΪһ£ʱԨ鵭ķӦȥ½ȾԺСֱɡ
ͻȻСסȥ·ҪǮ½ȾޱһѾһߴӴȡһ龧ݸѩ٣һ²˺ҲˣҪһˣܵ


28 
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ҵĺܣӣʲô˶У彻ĵشĸʿֶӣ֪ѩҪȥ鲢Ǻܷġ
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͵ĺ壬ǸһֱѩٵϾûķûһ
ϸ鿴ȷһʧˣѩٽҲصĺܺãŷС
һУѩٶʱһֻĶҪˣʲô棬еĵһ¾Ǳһǵ̯ӡ
ѩÿ¿ʱ򣬿ľǵ̯ӣ̯رܻ״
һһŻøǷ۵Сӣ̯һЦСҪˣϲʽ
ѩζչʾ̨ۻҵĳƷҪһử𣿡
̯ӦȻửСԵȡ
ѩתͷƺͻҪʲôģ
ҡͷչʾ̨ѡţҪҪģ
Ʋѡѩٸѡ˸ģҲرһ
ʱ̯ͽ˻ˣָǹһ㣬һɨ˲̱Ӳˣ˵ݸǺ󣬵ʯ
ѩһǣһ½ȾǮԲһĶݸ̯
̯һСӣ龧ɲʯС̯ղѽ
ѩɻĿĶѵ½ȾĲǮ
һԵķƴԼĴöʯݸ̯̯ŵлĽӹ
ѩٿƣǮ𣿡
ƺЦһ£ڣЦȻǵģ̫ˣһʯ൱һ飬һٿ൱һö龧һö龧ֱӰ̯Ӹˡ
ѩһҧһ룬ȻǮݸƣŰɣȥ
Ǯ˿ݵֻǣֻСĵһڣûҧζͷϲá
ͷƶǵˣ֪ʱԨҪΪСѡ̶󣬱һԵ̬ǡ
˶ǲǺϤÿһطϰ߽һЩҪشһ£Сʱ׷عˣѾԱıܡ
ѩҪֱȥ֪ķӣǽʲôã֪Ķߣ
ķ֮һòķӣǵ½ճʱԨɢɷõϰǳȻռһհгķӿҲѾؿˡ
õĶ棬λϼ󣬽Ҳѩٳɣϼھٰ쵤ȣʤ߿ֱϼ󣬳Ϊһλļӡ
ֻǼӣʦǵͷѾˡ
ŻĽͣѩٿǰֵĳӣЩôĸ𣿡
һѩٵĻһЦתͷǸС˼ֳЦ񣬲֪ĻΪܶأЩԶңɼ֮ˣôһССĵ󣬻һⵤҲʵ񣬵䲻ȴҲλɣܱµӵĻᣬȻͷ
ڵɣѩ֪ģ֮ǰϹ˵νĵɾʿͨɣЩĻֱ뷲ǣһ죬Ҳǵɡ
һ죬ҪΪͻҪͣҪһɽ٣ܽΪɣɺҪͻ٣ܳ
ΪѩԽ棬עСڻߵɵļӶҪô
˵ͷͬСѩٶߵ磬ܽӴһЩɣҪǻ˽磬ɶӴ
ѩŽżͼ濴ȥǸſڶѾˣڸǱڵһ㶼ûôֵĵطȥŶ
һ»Ҳû취ˣҲȥѽתͷƣƼСȥȵȡ
˵꣬Ⱥ˺һƺǵĹ¹ǹһѩ٣̹ʺã˭ʶһĿȻˣǰ̫࣬СҴӺŽ
ѩٲ֪ô쵽ģܽȥС
µĴǴӺŽȥƹһСͥԺ󣬴¥һĴ򿪣þܿ¶ԺڱԵˡ
µĽ򿪺󣬱㹧վһԣСľſڣСʲôԸСһˡ
ѩѾſ߿ȥˣƱЩ㣬°ɡ
µӦһǣͳȥˡ
ſƣô쵽ģ
ѩҲĿƽһö˳½Ⱦɳǰҵģ˵ֻҪ½κһжܵسκεطɳͨ裬Լκһӹ˶龧㣬мˡ
ѩһƺ
ȴһ½ȾôûѽΪߣ
һ˿Ц⣺ƣ޼ɵĴСĴˡ
ѩ죺ҲŲ
ҲǻǣǲŲ
ղǸºܿŲº˳ȥ˿ڷš
ģǶеˣֻһɨģҲֵͽʿܵģοСһͷǸȻþź
˸ѹչ̨ѩ²İڴ¿վŻ㽫ұŲ˸λ
˹ȥδСӱҪЩվںܿ崰
·ıԺȻѾĽ׶ΣѩٿϷм䣬һŴֽдԪָָ֣ǸԪʲô˼ǱԵĿ𣿡
ӦǣԪ˭ԪƷ˭ʤ
ѩ٣Ԫʲôģ
ķƵһаĵҩЩĹؾιһЩĹа棬һЩűֹ֮ˣҪԪơ
ѩŤͷŷƣ֪ĺöѽ
Щ˼΢΢򴽣ʱ·ͻȻиĵ¯ըˣһ죬ŵѩæͷ
һһʼźţһһը¯
һֱΧűԳԹ۵˼״ҲͷӶģ˵һЩ
ը¯ɫ԰ףһòߵһˣȻЩܲը¯Ϊʧܵճ
ûը¯ģЩӰ죬ɫҲ̫ÿѩٿмӳڵ¯Աߵֶڷ
һȴȵúܣǱȽϻģʸҲһЩΪ˺üը¯󣬺ö˶ȴȵģʱʾԳˡ
ѩָָǸˣԱ˶ˣȴûӰ졣
濴һۣЦһȻţΪը¯ѽ
ѩٲգۣģ
õӦһֲ֮ͬʱŵҩһŻὫܱƺõĵҩҩԣ׳ŸŸɣٽҩº͵תƵҪƵǿŵҩϣƳĵҩпƷãܳһżƷ
ѩٿը¯ʧܵˣЩ֪Ͷ˶ϣڣǰʧܣȵ̱ڵأЩͿܴˣըõĵ¯һ˲Ϣתĸ̬
ѩСüͷ˲ãðԵ
ѩٵĻ˵꣬Ǹò֮ѾɣϷԵ̶˹ȡ˵¯ѩ׵ĵҩ
ûը¯Ҳ½½ˣѩֲҩҲܿǸԵƵĵҩƷõģ¥ŵõöҩҩ㡣
ȻǸը¯Ӯˣѩһֱ¥Ͽ˱˽ҪգŻʽͽȻֻǼӣܼڵµĵӣҲõġ
ɫˣѩ˸󣬰ѽһȥˡ
ٳǣǶܲˡ
ѩһҲǣﻹСˣǴŷƺͻϽСȥ
һ뿪ᣬӮ˵ˣ̧ͷϿһۡ
ѩٴСǰǸ̯׼̯һεСӣæͣ׼̯ĶСҪСˣ
ѩٵͷٸһҪСһģҪβģҪ롣
̯ѩٵһСѩһȻһģһԼҲа˳ˣùСҪԨԨȥ
ȥ·ϣԸоһ紵ƽ䱸Ŀ˹ֱӳһһƷ硣
ѩȴûעôֻ࣬ʣصǹŵڵˤ˵Сˡ
Ƹ뿪ڣѩתͷ̯ӵķȥͷæں׷ȥϧǸ̯Ѿ̯ˣӰûˡ
ѩٴͷɥ˻ǵڵϵ˱·˸ˣѩٶڵϿСˣĲġ


29 
߸˵ĳţȴͷɥĻһ·ɻô嶼ûãСȻҲ򣬵СͲǽСˣһγţûԨԨȥ
֪ղŲԼСŪģ˺ģѩٸˡ
ΪǶ֣ԶûϵķԷΪȻҲ̫ߣΪһ־ͱˡ
ұ׷ģ뿴˭ڸҷѾ׷ȥˡ
ѩ٣׷ȥˣ˭ѽ
ӦߵĻ˵ôܷľţȻ˻ǲ֪˭ôģҪˣֱĪ
СŴصǵһγţҪ˵ɣֲֵʲôɱУҪ˵ûֻΪֻСˣҲ̫ˡ
벻ͨҲ֣Сȥ󣬿ǺˣΪд˾ٶ
ѩٻصֱʱԨ޹ͥԺʱԨһԴȥ
·ϷʱԨȻѾ֪ˣΪһͨС˲ģмֺЦôϲȥˣ½ȾҲСˣҪһ
ѩ£ԴʱԨļϣһʱԨͷƵģ̯һңȻһģһҲĺˣˣ˲ˡ
ʱԨ΢΢ˣʵǲˣкӵƽڣȥ𣿡
ѩ̧ͷʱԨԨԨһȥ𣿡
ʱԨͷѩſĶԨԨҪȥ棬ҲǵȥʱԨǸ˵˭ˣרȥ飬ҪһԨԨһɫʽ·
ѩܳԺӺ󣬴һɫԳΣʱԨ󣬵մС˵ǵʤߣıܼҵĵܴӼΣֻСչۿʱ˵һ˰ԵǺģǿСףֻСһСѵֺӦǲҵĴڣԼʱƫƷˣŲССˡ
ʱԨõǲ֮
ǡ
ʱԨڶ˭
ͬıǣıǵңԭطƵңطйֱ˿ѹżҵ䣬ֻʣһ֧һսµĳɵѷܴӼһɡ
ʱԨյ£Щ⣺ڲ֮Ӱ£ֻһɣŮӵ츳
˼
ϼУΪյʤߣܴӼαסڸе᷿պλŻᵽȻпʺϰ˭£ΣļΪʤߣ嶤ġ
պչ¶츳ڵɣΪ״Ҳָտɴ
ܴӼζԼţΪܼҵĵӣһ츳Դʵ԰֮ͬˣҲܴӼЩԸ
ԸʱСҲδŵñ˵Լ㲻ǡ
֮ڻʵ嶯ЩΪ½ĶǣŴǸ̬֮лӰţСļȻףʱֲδ¶
СģǼˣñͷϵʱ
˽֪ʦǲõģҩʦʦʦΪ˭Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ󵽱ȥˣܴӼβԸţСӿɱͷϵһ졣
ԷſЩԵ£ܴӼξ׼ЪˣĲСϼҲûдε̴ӣܴӼβ׼ϴһֱ˯ˡ
ȥŮˮϼ¾ʹˡ
ܴӼΪǹڰݵΪʦҪЩˣ̬Щû뵽˵⣬ȻȥܴӼ־ŭǺ⣿ϣĿ֮¹õһ˵Ͼϵģ
ҲŭɺԺĪգСҲֻǸ֮ˣСһȰ⻰ȻѾˣתҪ׷ʸףڹӶԣ޶洦
ܴӼκʱ£ֻ۸˵ķݣʲôʱôͷ۸ϼҲУ
ϼܼҲûг棡
ϼǼʶˣǲһû꣬ıܼңҲģ
¼ܴӼη˺ݻҲЩεһܴ̾Ӽϵ￴Ǳ軵ˣԸ԰۸ڶ츳Ҳ츳ǲ֮ЩԵûʵѧҲԵ
ѵôһϧ֮ģǣ֮£йƣ󣬿ɲֻϳôһߵĹܹӣᣬδпΪĪΪ֮Լδǰ̡
˵´תˣϼĻԺΪȻܴӼ֮ϣһ㶼¡
ܴӼǹµĻһ˲͸ȫ
½ȾŻĻ㱨ûסһаǻ£խ˿ɾͲʲôˣȥıǵĳкһȻѾͷǾ͸úúûˤСǣһ۸ȥ
ùţѩپͥԺһֱգһĨɢȥ̽ŲĳʱԨȥԨԨ
ѸٵʱԨϺִһ飺Ѿˡ
ʱԨ˵ϥǣһ˫ʲô
ѩ٣ѽ
ʱԨʲôģ
ѩЦϻζһ˫ȣ·գ
ʱԨͼϷţ֪·ģΪʲôߡ
ܵʱԨͼѩٶʱ˼ܣֻź޲òʱԨϣǲأΪܿĸߣ̫ˣ뿴һ㣬ԨԨò~~
Ϲһֻ˵̣ʱԨô죬Ҫ֣Ҳֻܱˡ
ѩԸԳСԴĸ߸ߵģʱԨžܿʱԨĿ֮ķ羰ˡ
ȻҲ¸棬ʿܺҹӰ죬󲿷ֳҹ䣬Ҳƻͨ磬Щ˸ϲƻɺҹǻҹ
Եһϳѩ֪ԭ죬ϸ֡
ʱԨʣ²ʵΣĶȺĽ㣬ѩٷܵ˺񿴲һʱкö˿ڱʱԨţ˶ûˡ
ѩپú֣ͳʱԨʵԨԨΪʲôҺ񿴲һôÿ
ʱԨ֪ѩٰȻԴʲôĲ̫⣬˿ĺÿˣȥãû뵽С̶ֹϲ԰ڡ
ԼߣȻ˿㣬ҪұţǾ˿ˡ
ѩԴΪʲôѽ
ʱԨΪͨ˿ֱӵģһһһһ˿ϵ⣬֮ͨлԵ߿ܲסǿĵ⣬ᵼʶ̮
ѩסʱԨǿתԼȻ˺һŵҿüѽһ۾Ϳˡ
ʱԨΪ㿴Ȼܿ
ѩ§ĲӣҪ㲻ҿˣҾͿˣ
ʱԨû˵Ĭˡ
ѩץʱԨ֣ǿиסСָͷģԺ㲻Թҿʲôʱ㶼Ҫҿü㣡
ʱԨǲ˵ѩٹȷһ飺Ӧ𣿴Ӧ𣿡
ʱԨЦŵţӦˡ
ѩٻһܿĺһĺڸסˣѩٱæתͷȥ
ֻںӵԣһ죬ö˳źӱӿȥöҼǰܣȻӵģ͸ĻȴõȵܿܿĺӵϣƮ˸Ļơ
ѩٻеĻϲ𣬶һЩᷢ飬ĹȻҫۣһƬӵУۡ
ѩٿźö˶ڷŵƣʱˣתŵķҪơ
ʱԨѩ׼ĺӵƣСȴһȺ˽ȥ
ͷæϻС˳強ˣǱѩٸ߲٣û취ѩ꣬ǱȺһ
ǰͷѩС˳ĵ˺ӱߣĺӵзӳֵģôһ·ȥģҲûϨ
ѧű˽ӵƷŵ˺Ȼű˫ֺʮģȻ֪ʲô˼Ҳѧ˸˫ֺʮĶ
Ӻӱ߷أ漷ҲûעӰϻ˸СһСײѩٵϣŵѩһӾͱײ˺
深ʶһ뽫ѩٲס
Ӧٿ죬Ҳûվںӵϵ졣
ѩٵ°һˮûմϣҪˤͱһȻ˵ͷɹֱ䵽ʱԨı
ʱԨѩϥСһ㶼£һָԨԨ㿴ҵĺӵƣ
ϣһֻɫεĺӵƱºӵĺӵƻλƵĳײ˺ģˮźβķƮȥ
ѩٵĺӵȻģȴΨһεġ
Ϊ½ʱԨ˽֪ʱԨһ壬½ˣεﶼžη֮ģ˼ײ̬ĶӵֻѩǶһݵơ
ѩ²ʱԨЦһ֪źӵƵԢ⣿
ѩҡҡͷΪڣ
ʱԨԸǰĽգҷ֮գÿĽ죬вǷŵԸǵԸһԸ
ѩٵ۾˲һԭԨԨķգҪĶԸҵԸǲǾܳ
ʱԨŻ̶ʲôԸ
ѩ˫סʱԨĲӣСԸԺÿԨԨҷźӵƣҪԨԨԶһÿ춼֡
һ죬ѩٵľˣһȺ˼ŷ˺ӵƺֺʱԨȥǽϿ̻·ϣѩѾʱԨĻ˯ˡ
ʱԨѩٻԼ޹ĴԭһģԽԽѩٵߣһʼֻ϶ߣԱ߽޵һǽ֮ƫֳ˿õİ衣
ѩ˯ԣһţϲճţһһ϶һ£ʱԨҲϰԶһ
ѩٵ˯գ߻صѩٵԸʱԨЦָѩٵüһ㣬һĨָɢڳģԸ


30 
ڶһѩپ˴ҴҵĴŷƺͻֻ˺ö飬ʯﻹûС
½൱ḻΪƬ½ӵߣʱԨѾøԣˣǿ龧ʱԨӵ
ֻѳ񣬶õѲҪˣ۵ģ޲亱е
سÿηϵĹƷȻҲǻǮźūÿٺ»Ҳ굤ҩʯ׵ã鱦
οŵĵҩһǾƷʯ龧⣬ȻҲͲҪǼʯͷˣҲҪҵͨ
Ƕ飬ǻΪʱԨ翪ٳʱʱԨǴ½лвãһȻЩֶ칬Ŀⷿ˳
ѩһӵ֮̾ǰ칬ЩӶǱģһ˺öѣû뵽ҪȴҪҰ졣
ЦŵΪ˵ЩӸ·ߵʯͷûʲôӵ䱦ﻹֵΪôЩֵǮʯͷ˷ѵطš
ѩգһ۾𣿲ΪԨԨ𣿡
ޱȲĿѩ٣һ棺ҵСôҪϾûԣˣҸ˵ȻҲ֪ǲģд˵֮ʶȲϣǼҵеһλˡ
ѩٶʱԲС죺ȻʲǮѽ֮ǰԵĹӻ⣬ԨԨöȥ˻ģԨԨûУʲ־óö
ЦŵΪʱСûȻûιС⣬ֻȥȡһЩˡ
⻰ѩٵ۾˲һԨԨĵһֻ𣿡
϶ĵͷȻǣԿҲûɣ˵½ȾѾȥջ˺üˣԺЩ龧飬Ҫж١
ѩٵǲ龧ģĻǣԼԨԨĵһ̶ֻ
ôһţ·޲ҪQˡ
飬ѩһ·á
öϼûбȻǰſڱΧ¸ˮйͨģûֿɿѩپֱá
Ӧõߣһæӭ϶ЦλҪʲôķǱûеģ뱾ķʦơ
Ա߻һһŮѩͬʱ꣬ߵҲûӣֻϵЦЩڣλ룬Ҫʲôķﶼз
ƼˣϼĹ¹СӸӭ˽ȥϼĹ¶̬ȵģǲǸˣ˵⴩ʣҲǲ˵ˡ
ѩٿǽŵĸɫķлɫģаɫģкɫģɫɫģ滭Ҳ֪ǻ֣СǷ
˵ͷȴתͷƣø첲ùû
ƴСĻûù
һȻȻûУҼù
ѩôã
һԵЦǵĶԻҲû¶ʲôɫλСȻΪСѯʣæЩֻɣͬһַƷͬĵҲͬչֳȻҲв죬ѡ񡣡
ѩٵͷһ
æȡִͷǵͽ״ͷԴһЩһƷͷԶܴǧ֧ŶԶˣһƷͷԶܴĽС;Զ
ѩٺĿŰǰļֽⱡһֽȻܴôԶ
ѩƷͷǲǾܰҴʲǶȥѽ
ôܣƷͷԶҲֻܰ㴫͵Աߵķǹسǣ½һǣһŴͷǶᴩǣԽ½ȥʥǣǸˡ
һŴͷܸ㶨飬Ϊ˴µĽ촫Ҫ֪⽨ӵĴɲף֮ޣʣǰڵͶǶҪССһˣҲʱԨá
ѩٻΪһŴͷܴԶأԭô밡һŷܰ˲ˣġ
ⶼˣȻҪõģѩٵƷͷҪˣǮ
ߵƷöһš
ѩԼǮö඼ˣŵҪʮţʮˣҪʮźˡ
⻭Ҫʮ߿ǲ֪ҪôźˣʲôʱСҪü۵ģ
ѩҪԼĶȥģЩķںòϴλ˵ʱ򣬾ͺҪˣǷȻҲҪУѩ˲ٹͷġ
һѼҲϰˣҪʲôϡ棬ʲô׷һʮţɲϰš
˷ҲɵģæЦѸٵİһ㣬ҲˣЩƷߵļ۸΢㣬ͷ˵ˡ
ѩٸ׼óװĴӣһԵķƾóö龧ݸߣ龧Сշģٿ飬ö龧ʡ¡
ǮѩԼҪĴͷȫƸͷƷһ֡
һЩǵģ
ѩٵͷģ˵ģΪգҸǴա
ѩ˵꣬һŸĴͷǲһգ۾ܻصԨԨǶˣ
ʲǶ̫Զ˴ͷԶѽͷء
ŵһѱס֣ǧ𶯣ҵСŶкãǻؼҪھﴫͣһ͵֪ȥˣҪǣҵǸ
ѩЩ죬ĽһӴ͵ԨԨǰһء
궫뿪ãȥһһŮԱѯҪʲôѩٲͷһۡ
ǸȻɴܿɴһźںĶһźںĶÿˣѩٿһ۾ûȤջĿ⡣
ȥ˲Žһŵ˹̨ϣ붨Ʊ
ǱȽŵķַз棬Զ붼ǶƣһһŮӦҲǵһֱӵ֪λ붨ʲôƷģƷλСƷʮ飬ƷʮţƷѳһö龧
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˵Ž鵹˳ʮ߿ţȫʯڹ̨ϣͦСһѡ
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31 
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32 
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34 
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嶼ģʮ˽ⲻˣһ㶼ѩٸǸʱԨÿԼ飬Ǻֱ׵Ŀ佱رÿµһÿģ
ѩЦĴӴнӰ˳ڷϣھºֳʱԨģ
ѩٻϲԨԨ
ѩٵʮ˲ʱԨұʲôԻôѩôճ
ѩչʾԼë䣺ԨԨ쿴ҵĶòÿ
ʱԨžеѩ٣Դֻ䣬ٿʮߣһ㶼ˣǵ˵ͷÿ
ѩٿֵĻεһСȣſϱžӴսԨԨ벻ң
һߵʱԨ΢Ų뿪һʱѩ٣Ǳ߹Թ
ȻûõʱԨĻӦѩٲ⣬ֻʱԨ֪뷨ԨԨˣʮҳԶ˵Ǹɺóˣǲܴߣ߾ͻˣԣҪĺóԣ´ҴԺòã
ʱԨһӦˡ
ѩੲݵ˵˺ö࣬˵˻ʲ˵öС飬ЩСһС飬񻨳ɾģ˵͵˵յ˶رġ
ֱҽղʮߵЩһһʮŵˣԶˣԹصˡ
ѩЩ룺ҿԳԸԨԨѽ
ʮСһҲԣȴֻܿԣ಻á
ѩ룬еðɣԨԨϻ㡣
ʮߵĻһʱԨɨʮߣͻȻеΪλԼһִӿ˳۵ԭˡ


37 
ԴѩٿʼʱԨʳͲôƣԵĺȵȫƾѩԼϲǱ˸ʲôܳԵȵʲô
ʱԨһشµȪˮȪˮѾʱԨòֻǱͨȪˮݵ㡣
СúܴȪˮһųеʡ
ЩʾճʳԼҩܵġ
ǰʱԨֻѩٰŴʵ⣬ǲϣѩ֮ǰЩʳʻƻ˱ǿĸǡ
ѩѾԼˣÿʱһ¾ֱųʵڸ֮ϣȻǰôСϸ
ʮߵᣬ벻ô࣬òѩˣǾͺ޲ýԼеĺöһԵĶѸѩ٣棬Ȼ뽫ԼϲԵĶС
ԳǸ鶳֮⣬ϷɵĵܵˮεģϡĲλЩݲǮһŵʳһӡ
ѩٵʳȻ㵥һʼÿʳǾƷҲûൽۻҵĳ̶ȡ
һɫζȫʳѩٵ۾ˣöûԹġ
ʮ߼һ鿾⽹۵⣺һ½ޣȫóԵıֻǰϷ⣬ٶƣ߳ǰצϣǿġ
ʮ߼ݵѩٵߣѩһڳ£漴۾ɴ˿ʮߡ
ʮҲһ۾ɴЦʣòóԣ
ѩͷԵĶʳҲǱԭζζ֭ģͻȻԵͱסˡ
ѩٰԣʮæָ˺ü顣
ѩһߵԴϵĶĶһһģʮϲĲС
鶳ˬ𻬣ҧһڶý£һ»˶ȻһůڱӸ˶ƮƮ
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ѩû뵽鶳ôóԣʮߵһݣԵˣʮ壬´ҿԴͷһ𣿡
ʮߵȻԣҸǸƣʲôʱС
һʳҲóԣǸҲóԣųžͱѩٹˡ
ͺʮ߼ѩٳԵö࣬ԲĹĵĶӣָһѩ÷֭ʳ
ӱĺԵ죬ʮ߸ѩ˸͵ĻԼڽֵϡ
Сڳʥǳﲻ˵ÿһҵ̶˹ļҵĶɫļҵ̱ȽϿģһһ߸ѩٽܡ
ԭܾѩĿϣһֽץŻƣһ§ʮߵĲץ½͸ܵʮ壬Ҷۡ
ʮһæѩٻѩۿ΢죬ͷһ㱡ԭ˫˿͸һĨ԰ףʱһֱӱѩٻηɻ
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Ҫϻڸѩ滺ͻڸĺ뽫ǰһһ١
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˵ˣѩȻôССĲģ֪ԺҲҳˡ
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ѩʶһ£ȻϲŶҪþòô
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ѩٸźˣá
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ʣһλ˪ɵ֪ڳʥҪȴ뱱ֻǰޣƽ˱㡣
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ѩٵСһ֣Ա壬ʳʿľǺܻģǸ˪޲Ķ֣ԲΣա
ղųЩסˣֻǿڵѩټѧʥѧԺѵ̫ƽÿСסЩʱգѩѧǽһﲻģңʥѧԺĽʦŵõ
⻰ʱˣ̫ƽ߾֮޷࣬Ϊá
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˵꣬һԵҲĿڣĺѵûһ˳ʥǣСסЩʱգҲѩ٣˵Ǹ׵ĿˣǶСѩٵĸ˵֮ٸ̡
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38 
λҪ£һλ񣬼СסҲ㰲ŵģٲҪһɽͷ
ĻһڱҪʥѧԺڵǴȻӦסôʲôԺ󷽱غô
ɴһӣֱӽĿյػˣҲСסòŶĵض
˵ûĵأһûģҲҪס£շҲؼһʱҪ˰õغλ뿪ˡ
ѩٵ׽ʱȹúãСѩȥǶͺòѽ
ѩʵϣߵĵͷ
ߺѩٵСצһ£ǺöԺʱԨΪһںϽıԴС
ʱԨҵȻ˵ǿ𣬵ȴϡеģܷپҵϣܵҵƣڱ棬ɨմȾصʱĸɾ⣬ѩٸõںϡ
ѩӦһʱʮߴѩȥˡ
ʮȻ̫ŵҲȫףһε飬ǲٺιѩٳԶˣѩ棬Щģѩ׽ҲûˣʵҲʵˣҲֻˡ
ʮһ㶼Լŵֻ΢ĴЩһεĴǿ϶ǲеڶεġ
շʮҲ̫ٴѩٳȥˣǸɴ档
ɲʱԨƶֻһΪϵ徲︴ӵϵһСȻͬǷΪ𣬵˶˾ˣ˽Ҳˡ
ʾסкܶԵסʮߺѩ٣ԼĹ֮⣬кܶһô
רŸι޵ģרŸʳģרŸģããããԼõȡ
ÿһöռһɽͷֵĵطȻҲǼࡣ
ѩʮ߽֪ԭﾹȻԼķҩĵطҲҪ龧𣿡
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ɷҩзƶҪϵģ϶Ҫģ˱˵ģ˾ҪԼǮȥˣⲻñ˵Ǯ𣿡
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ʮҡͷҲ飬ǻСΪ飬İеһУĽһΪƽȣһнֻأȴİ²ᰴˣΪһ˶ģˣĵľͱˡ
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ʮߵһŮӧޣȴԵòӣһ;Ӯȥݷھ֮ǰƿ磬ӦǼģھһΪصĵꯣĿ֮òһ۾ͱӧˡ
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ѩپȵͶϲˣ˻ѽ
ʮߣ꯴򲻹ô죬ֻŬˣҪٳԿʼ磬Ѱҳȥˣӧ֣ȥÿָں׷ȥҲ֪ȥˡ
ûùĲô࣬ѩٷĵ˿
ʮ߼һŮ
һѩٸշµˣô
ʮߺɸֵҡͷ正ǱȽϺõģ̰һЩͷˣСʱ͵ȥ棬ûҲˣûغԼǣĵ嶢ˣȫǱӹǵѪļƷ󣬾ͱ˶˼Һñ·ȡ
歳ˣԴױȥԾˡ
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ѩٶʱˣСüͷĺ޲ôˣŮǣҲҪ


39 
ļ㣬ѩٲ𺳣Խˣ֪ʲôʱл㡣
˵ŮʮߴѩȥЩõһȦԺѩҪȥʥѧԺģʥѧԺͨŲһ
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츳һзչռģΪŵӣŬͬнŵĻᣬӵȼͬȡԴҲͬΪ˵õԴЩȻƴ
츳ٲһģͱΪ۵ӣũũڵλ͵ĵӣֲҩ԰ֻűԵϡĵطסŶûʸ񿿽
ʥѧԺȻҲлԺϵΪ࣬ޣޣޣ޵ȣԺϵֻͬҪǽѧԺģǾͲţֻǴ޵ķͬѣѧϰĻһġ
Ժѩٳ˸츳ѡʺԼĹԺϵ֮⣬ЩͬҲҪѧģѧϰЩٲҪϰ
ʥѧԺʦͬʱôˣȻ˲ȫȫʦڸˡ
ʮ߲֪ѩѧϰЩ츳Σһ츳ã˽¿϶ҪϰģΪѧö۸ô죬ֲûǸóĴʦ׼ȴѩȥ·
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ʱԨͷֽһƬϿסķӣժ£ողǻͨ龵ˣֺαظŻ
ѩſ˫֣Ҫ̬ԡ
ʱԨ˱һСǾϲ˹
ѩʱԨϴ¶ȵ㣬Ĳ˺һǣŴŴڣҲӦˣͻȻһ˯죬һѾˡ
ʱԨѩϵ֣Ѿ̽תһȦȷӯ˳֡
ѩһС̣ȻܲղйԼȫ̽һ飬æĴӴȡһӣЩǰ黨ӣԺֳ󣬻СɳʲǶкöɰС飬ԨԨҲСòã
޹ؽҪС£ʱԨȻ᲻ʣֱ˽ȥˣʣµѩٲģɵҪСֳˡ
һߣ齫ͷƽйȥϸϸѯ⼸Сڳʥǵ£ʳʳ£Ȼֲ֪ûͷƣǱߵļλɶ˵ķݡ
ȻǸ⣬Ҳ˸ѣǸ˲ٻͷƵҩǽСߣԷʱ֮衣
ʱԨõѩ٣£Щ͸һԵ˳ʲ˵ҪƲá
ҵҲֻѩҪǳԸ㷹ô򵥡
յﶼѵʱԨĸǰѩֵҲǡ
ʱԨʲôԼȥⷿ
ѩٿĵıʱԨһڣʱԨǱ߸˵Ļͷ֣ȥⷿʮ廹Ǳߵء
ͷæں׷ϡ
ϵɢ⣬ǿôͥԺƵ̨ķӣ˲ٻ꣬զզԽԽԶ
ʱԨתͷŹ̨̨繵Ʋ㣬һƲֻɢ
еıкöѩܽȥĲࡣ
ǰʱԨЩ칬ٳ֣½Ⱦģ䱦շҪʣֻҪʱҪĶܵһʱ䵽ϼɡ
ǰе½ȾͻȻյʱΣյĶƷֱӴһĸ˳̶ȹࡣ
ʱ½Ⱦ֪һֻС̣Ȼ֪ͼǿˡ
һЩţȻӣ뵽ѡ̴ӣٵ౦⣬׮׮ĲΪС׼ġ
ҪЩ½ȾҲ͸εȰ˵ʱһܽС׼ȴѾˣֻһԸǲ⣬ô뵽ȥԸ
ϧЩ˵ҲֵĶСںСףõô
ֻ֪ЩЩܽЩûҲˣȴ֪Щ˵ı⣬ȫǷΣƷ
ѩٵȷ벻ô࣬û룬ԽͽԨԨýĲͺ
ܱʱԨսģȻǼƷ֮ѩٴӳǸʱԨ칬ʱԨıģܼľûвġ
Ҳû˸ЩѵãЩ䱦ѩ˵ЩûʲôЩѡģȻӺûϿǣͿԵˡ
Ǽ岻ɣʲôûУյС̵ǵּһʯͷҲǸ˵ġ
ƺͻһθѩٽ⣬һȥ˲䶼ˣѩһֵİЩӣԼϲľžһ¹ϣûĶڲæں潫ЩһСĵİ
ѩٷҲǶԼҶϧĺܣֻóȥǾͷıڷУҪССĶΪŪһԼһ궼ⲻССһ㶯޲þļϡ
ѩٷ˺üܣȴһϵĶûУһЩЩ£ζЩ͸СȻʣҪ͵ǣǾͲˡ
ѩģȻȥ鱦ٿ
ѩҿ˿춼ˣӦ֮ǰҪسʥǵģȥȻˣ׼ȥԨԨʲôõʱѩٿһ¶һŷŹ˿ߣʱ˹ȥ
һߣôһţֱ˿ˣ㲻Щʲôġ
ҲɻĿ˿ƣѵǷ·ģ
ѩٿ˿Լ·˵·ģƵġ
֮ǰ齫ϣʹ·ЬǲǶģ˵ǵģ˵·ƵĲǷƵģ˵·£޷ģҪ졣
˿
תͷ˵ķơ
Ƶ˿һϼȣһȡϼ仯֮ǰȡƳ˿һҲֻܻһָ˿ôһţǧĻˡ
ѩ˫۾Ŀŷƣ֪ĺöѽ
ЦЦɻЩʲôã
ƣ˿ѵãһһ˿ǲ˿ƵĽ𶼺գܷˮӳ󷨣ͿƷ
࣬ȻҲƷ֣ÿһײ㶼һѿԽļ˿ԴķԣѾǷǳѵˡ
ѩٱһߣЦۣ֪Ҫʲôˣ


40 
ϵģѩ֮ǰ˴
λүһֱڴʹţάӪ˴͵˷Сһźţλүһ˳Ľ͵ˡ
Ƣ𱬳嶯ŭʮֻҲΪһõС£ΪԽԽΪۼ޷ˣǱɹϵˣ̫˽λڵƢˣվԱӲǱôҴ
ֱСˣλүһ뿪ˡ
С³˿Ϊش͵ǸϻƣôڼΣҲˣֱɡ
һѩ٣ʮ߾Ϳʼ䣺˵ȥһµģһ¾ʱ춼ˣ
ѩٳʮһֻ֣һһС򣺡ǡ
ʮùǾһҧĸ֨֨죬΢˫ۿѩٵģҧһΪһǾֲҵʱĿ࣡
ѩپϴСָҸ׼ȥˣž˵㡣
ʮһһѽѩһ࣬ŵԼֱţСٶ涮£֪׼Ȼ³Ҿʹȵԭˡ
ѩʮߵʮÿŵַֻ˻ȥһ·ȥ
ںĻͷƻһۺ󣬻СĴ˵ٻȥҪҪ˵ٸСҼ飿
˳ʥǣС˾֣ЦĶˣǼһԱȣʵ䡣
ƣаţչ˺Сˡ
ѩٻĲӷŸոտʼʮߴѩٽ֮һǸ֮ǰڣѩٹ
ѩɿʮǣ֣С˹ȥ塣
̽ųѩ֣ѩٲų⣬ŽѩһѱԼϣոСѩȥѽ
ѩæӴȡ׼õҸ׼
һϵЦݸҲ׼ﰡСѩԣ忴ʲô
ѩٽһƯ׽д򿪣һ˿֯ģһûѧƣԨԨҵģҲаæģ·ġ
͵Ǳ˰æĻ᲻ˣѩֵԺҳˣԼһòã
ʱԨʲôˣ˵ڶǾ˸ϵһ֮ǰż¯һƵ󣬿¯ָ
ȴΪСָ̣ˮҪǾԲŵģʵǰǲҲֻţصģҲֻлֻСʹĶʱԨˡ
ӹѩ׼õЦúúã͵ѩٳҲϲѩ٣彫Ϻòã
ȻŵģҲЩ߶ȵģѩֻһӣϲŹķ
ѩٴδͷ÷ѩ󣬵ѩٻǰ㣬һ㲻⣬һĿѩٰĺá
˼״Ľ񶼳ΣյϢƤ治һͺѩٸһȥĻɲԽˡ
ӼУȲѩ٣ǵأҪֻǿҪˣ
ѩæóüУɫǸõĸǰǸġ
һһɫķ⼸ǷֱӽԼͷϵķڸȡȻֱӶ׶ѩ٣൱ˡ
ķ״ˮƵģīͤķǺɫŷƣȻ·ƵббС̵֣ǺһţҲϲġ
һѾĿţСѩССȴĸһİͷѩٶûͷ
ԭ磬¹һˣỹδʼͲͷɢˣѩû飬СĵŪ˱ˣǷϵɿģҲһЩͷӶɢ
Ȼǰ㲻⣬޲ðѩտһ仨صѩٵЦ
ϪڰԶȾƵʮߣЩ⣺Դף
ʮһֱѩΪԼ̣ǷһҪԴ׵ļһȴȵס
ʮһ㶮ʲôĽ飺֮𣬿ɲǴġ
ǲѩæˣʲôڣʲôǶ˵Ŀ
ƵôҲȲѩָһǣּһȴҪ͸ʵʯͷһۿϾ;ʺϹϪۡ
һǿĻһǲĵǣ˭˭裬ǲԲôʲôóԴ׵ģء
ӷ绹ǺܺģŶѩ˵ǺܺóԣϴγԶ˳ŵ£ڻʲܵĿϸˣЩóԵĶ˶һݵϣ˵ϵȴССһ
һһڵķƷ࣬ǸڵģȫƷһҲ͸պñˡ
ӷ統ȻҲֻǳԳԺȺȣ˵٣ͽһЩ˽衣
ֻٺÿĽĿ͵סѩٵϮһһȥĴΣȻҪԨԨҲŬԼеæˡ
һԱĲˣСԴһһģʱܱ˯ȥ
Ϫһʮ߾˹ȥһϥѩٴᱧѩԺһ۷죬ʮ壬Ͱĵĳ׷Լ˯ȥˡ
ʮ߳˵ѩˣұȥˡ
Ҳǿʮ߳ģ״ЦŵСʮҲ˰˻չˡ
ʮ߽ͦͦأΪգ
⻰ûһƱҹģ
ʮߴѩ뿪ŻЩߣ˵ѩٵĸĸλʲôϢ
屾ûˣģҲͶʮֻԭΪܺò飬ȴ뾹ȻһͷûУԼģòϣ˶ϣȴƫƫǡ
ЦǱ˪᪣һһֻѰĸ̣Լģƭ˵һ˪̲ȫ˵ħŮһҹ֮飬ȴŮ˽̡
һʺ޲÷־һƣ쿪ļһһҪŵģŽ˪᪴򷢵ȥޡ
µȷŹֵĺܣǣǰ꣬ʵܶӦϡ
Ҷǵ˵鲻ͬлƫʱֵģҲʲô޷֮ݵ¡
ɱ˵ˣǰƸһǧģȻҲûУҪҲű߾ԻһˣֻΪԲ鿴һѩ١
̲ס᲻̣
Ȼʵ֣еô࣬ÿһץһǧ꣬ǶǸɸɾδϹδϣѩôģ
һֱûпīͤͻȻڣѩ٣Ҫ׸𣿡
Ϫδѩٳǲ˳δôУȫ֪£ĸһ£ƺִ
īͤͷδٿڡ
ЦһˣȻѰ࣬͵ˣһԼ𡣡
ѩٲ֪֮һͷһԨԨʮ壬лʲ͹Ϫ壬ǴδǰΪѰĸ¡
֪Լû˸ᣬԼҲͲˣȴǾǱͷۡ
һ˯ѣѩٷԼԼ޵۾תһȦط죬ϢҲ죬еʮķ䡣
ţαˮԱ˹˯ȫˡ
ѩˮˣʮ壡
ʮߺ˵ĿڴϣϻմȾ¶֦Ȼոˮôġ
˯ٲͺˡ
ѩ濴һۣһ۾һߵƭˣŸ
ʮЦһУ·룬֮ǰʱԨЩ¶ģʵѩٲӦź򣬷Ʊǰѩٴ·
ȻǵһΣƿΣŶٵĸѩٴˣٶģ
ʮ߸ѩ׼·һɴ£ͷϵһ׹ķܶ鷢죬˿ˣ͸һ鶯
ʮ߶ԼĴ⣬ۻۻƵĶÿžҪҧһڡ
ѩһ˯ֵŻʮߵʥѧԺʽʼҪҪȥ֣
ѩɻĿȥǻ𣿡
ʮ߸·ǣߣºʽѧǽ쿪ʼмĹ̺ܸӣҪʣһżżϣҲһѧôˣȫʥѧԺȻȫա
ѩٻΪѧܼأôһ˵Ǹ׵¡
ʮߵȻףⱨ˻һƣʱһ£һºֹʱб˵ѡʳڻƽģڶ¾ˣҪԣڶˢһˣȵǸ츳ѡԺϵѡԺϵԺϵҪˣԺϵΪ׼ûϵģȻ̭ˣʱ£ȻŷԺʽѧ
ʮ˵꣬һѽѩٱЩҪĵģֻõȻ츳ѡʺĹٸݹԺϵſѧϿξˡ
СȨܲˣǻӵС
οѩٿΨһСһѧԺߵѧԺ˶Ϊ
ʮλʮλʮλᰴ䣬¹Ҳ൱ʮһλռλѩٻǸ̶Ľѷɡ
˵࣬ʮֻȴĲǣȫôһС̣ѧʥѧԺǵҲǡ
Լ鷳ѩ˿漴ֵ𻨳ͷƣأ
ʮνСȻͬһѧˣȻҲѧˡ
ʥѧԺ̫Զзǰʱ£һѩٱʮߴʱѾܶˣ˿ˣеĽֵ˰ӵţǿڶųݺ·żǡ
ѩԭҪԼߣ̫ˣ˼˵ģʮ߿ɲСڵϵڣǱϰЩ
ǰˣѩ̲סöѽôˣŵǽǣ춼Ҫ˰ɡ
ʮֱſȥǾͲŶˡ
ϴһöѩ٣ʮ߾ҪһöǴѩٳģɲǽʱ˷Ŷϵģ˵ˣô󣬾ûŹӡ
Ա˿ǳʾһƾֱӱŽˣԼ˻ڴŽǣҪ˵ƽ⣬ǻûУǺĽҪΪ¾͸еƽ⣬ǽҲ߲ˡ
վڱȽϺ棬ŵˣСԼǰʦʵʦ֣ոǼˣʶ𣿡
ʵҡҡͷʥѧԺܴ󣬳ʥǸƣܸϵõģʥѧԺɵðЩһգ˵Ҫ˼УСκˣǺò״˼ƴ磬ɱϡ
˵Ļȫľ顣
ʱΪԼڵĳˣҪ̧ͷĴڡ
֪ǳ֮⣬һƬ½أʱΪƬ½ţѾʵļ¡
ȴ룬߳ǳأʶΪµĴ½ʵĿʼ½½֮䣬нײĲࡣ
͵ȵĴ½һ·ƴ½ģֻһʯ
嶥½ӱģһ츳׿콾ҲãҲգΪĶˣһɵż
磬֪ж֪Ϊ۷壬Ǿܻ֮δ۽硣
ʱĿһУʶ죬ˣܼʱԣֻ»һ겻
ʥѧԺ䶨ʼԼ֤֮·ܶԼͬһ·Ҳһ֮ͬ顣
Ȩ˵ˣѾһ·˳ĽʥѧԺĿ̨ѧԺϵ֪ˣæԳźš
ѩٴʮ׵¿öŶһǰߣһ飬ߺмŶӵұߵȴ࣬ǰиܴ飬ÿ˽ַϣɢһĹ⣬Աߵƺ¼
ѩٺĳʮʵʮ壬ûŶӣǱźóΪʲôǲ
ʮҲ֪Сʱ̫ڣʸûѧԺһֱʺ͹ϪڽҲǺǲͷǳһۡ
һԵĳϽ͵жǹ£ֻҪнѧԸٵһֳ־ټߵרõ
ѩָʣǸǸʲôģ
ϣǲʵġ
ѩٻͷʮߣû
һԵĳЩ⣬С֣Ӧһʲǡ
ʮ߶ѩٵανһȥһӣȥ棿ȥɡ
̶ʲ鶼㲻ҲȫıʲʵģɹǶˣ¡


41 
СҪȥԣȻû˻λȥ׼һƣֻ¼С֣ȻСȥͨһУ̫࣬Ҫ̫á
ѩƿʮߣʮ壬ȥ
ʮ߳˻֣ȥɣ㡣һĸףҪѧӷ֣
ѩٴŻͷƴһ¥Ȼյ̵ܵĶˡ
Ŷӵʱж鲻ʱľ
ѩٺĿȥԱߵֻһҹǿǱǵһѵãһЩСؽ磬һǻ㾡Դһġ
ѩٿ˿ͷƣʲô
ǻȻľϵ
ѩ٣еĻľϵ𣿡
ҡҡͷȻҲǣһЩˮǱԴƫϵҲлģ岻ͬǿĴǿж츳ĿѪԼԴǷǿ󡣡
ѩ٣Դǿ󣿡ıԴڵǲݰѩԼ֪ˡ
һҲ彲ŵԭ򣬸ǿ츳Ȼǿ
ѩֿƣأ
ƣˮ˫
ѾԶ壬˵ַˮ˫ʣû츳ҲûǿĹѪһ壬ȻǼ޲ܳĨ۵㡣
ѩȴĿŷƣۣ˫
վѩǰĶ̲סͷһۡ
ģͨһЩõƼ˭Ҳ֪˭ıǰȻˣֻǿһ۾ջĿ⣬һ²һ¡
ƾС¶¸ûһ֪˫֮һǵ
Сһ㲻Լ˫Լģ÷ӿһů⣬ƺ츳һ£ҲǶҪˡ
ǱߵȺʱֱһ󾪺ѩæȥԱŽ˵ǹǿľϵ˻ǵһԺɾͶǲ
ѩһȻѾסˣȴڵ⣬Ե˾۹ά
Ա߼һֵڱʱˣѾȥˣ⣬ȷѧʸˣ˵Ϊ
ѩٿ˰ͷͦص뿪һ߳ȥͱöΧסҲ֪ڸʲôûǱߵ֣ǰ߾ͱһŮӵסˡ
Ůʮӣһ£ȴƮƮɴ䱻ϵɺסһȹԵֿɰǱɼС裬׹ŷ۰׵飬ԽԵŮ
ѩûˣסߺʶͷǰͼŮ
ȴŮֳѩٿ˼һ֪ܵĳС⻯סϵ̬˰ɣ
ѩٲʶ̧ˣգ۾ֱԭأӶ˭ô֪ǣԨԨ˵ڵϢκֲ̽ҲԴİ
ͷƶһۣǸ㲻ŮԷһ˵СݣǲòСĽ䱸˾ҲõŮҶСкβ֮١
Ůͬһ꣬ΪͣٽڵĻ̽ԷΪӦ֮ϡ
ֻǾĸŮ󣬶˵Ľ䱸ֱ޶á
ѩ˵ŮֵǲǺܺô֪̬ҿɸ㣬ʥѧԺƼûȫΣѧԺҲǲյģζȫĵͽǽʥģģҲǶµˣҲ淢ġ
ѩٶʱ𾪱ɻɵͷŶԷ˵ʲô
ŮԼԽСŻסˣָתһͷǵ⣺Ҹɣʳ¥㣬ʱβͶڣô̶գˣ϶͵˻εԲԣ
⻯εʱЧ̣һʱȴز̫ãȰ㻹ڷָܵЩȻʥѧԺҪǱ˷֣ǻὫϳȥġ
ѩ죬Ǹֵûֱϣ˵ССӣܳ԰ôһӵʳȫһ˳ԹˣҲ̫ܳ˰ɡ
Ե˯ѩ٣ͻȻеԷ˵Ķʵˡ
ŮȻǸ죬ܣʵĺ޼϶ѩһ廰ضûС
һģôСôܳˣٳˣǸܳԣ
ǼβİԾβΪõʥѧԺƼ϶ͨ壬ǾβôСβͣǲǻڵ·߲
ô˵ǲưѽҸ˵ģ֪׵ĺᣬ֪ϹŵôС϶֪
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ҽпտգڿտգʲôѽòưͰɣ
Ե鶳óǼҵù֣Ҿǳ鶳ȥģ龧˼һô򵽵İ
˼ҲңһתͷͿԵûüһʱҿˣҲˣôһӣҿܳԶ٣ȫˣ
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·ڿտһЦ˳СɰȻ֪ưͣʳ¥Ա߶ǳһʳġ
Ȼ˽˵Сһһŵڸ˵Ҳǿ˵ģ˵СưͲǶѡ
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СһǶû̵ĴڣղСģҲģСС;ҪĿ࣬ľѾô
ĬĬǸ첲ƿѵĻӿڳ˼δǵˡ
ڿտŻͷһ˫һ͸ŵĺ棺Ϊʲôʶ
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ڿտü˼ֻһˡ
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ѩæаԨԨƷʱԱ߷
һ飬ʱֵˮƣ漴һˮɫĹǾ޴˲ֱвԵĶ龪ʶͣ
Ǹղǵϵ˿̵ˮϵȣǶԶԶģάļλѧԺ϶ˣæ鿴
ѩٺܿ˫ɿ飬Ȼתͷ򻨳ʲô
ܿӾеˣСǿ˵ҫѾɹǣ츳ǿˮ
ѩٻΪԼľϵϾ֮ǰһڱǰˮҲûʲô֡
ѩԼֳ꣬Żͷ֣Ҫһ𣿡
ǲһ°ɡ
˵žǰԱ߾㶻ûļ¼ˣȥ𣿡
æȵȣ
Ȼæóһհ׵ƣѯ˻ֺ󣬷˺ʯͷϣˣ˫ַȥ
һɷǳ̹ɢ˳ȻѩٵĹҪܶ࣬棬ҲǺѵĵľϵ
ԱѾʼһЩѩپ˵᲻Ҳ̫˵㣬ͳһ֪ĻΪ׵ء
ֱҲǰ˷ˮ˫Աߵ˲ʶ˿ûã⻹ʶǸ磬ûߡ
ѩٺڿտĸ̾ѹôСͳѧأôõ츳Ҫ˷ˡ
һôǿˮﻹǶ¡
ѩٴ̨һһȻվڿտոǰҽѩ٣ҲǺ壬ҼҳȥָŪװ硣
տʶʣʲô壿
ѩٳͷ㡣ȻͱӰˡ
ѩˣڿտջûӦǴĳʶҪ׷ôǿֱڶͺˣҪɾѡ
ϻû׷ϣ¼ĵæǰλ躳ϵĹϵԱڲϵˣҲڶ߸ġ
ЩΧſڵҲ˸ղǼǿ⣬Щ˸ɫſڣһ츳ǿ׵ˣǶжǼ洦
Ѿʼһ츳СҪŵ¶бһЩԴҲֵõģȴ˸ûдӴֱ߳ѧԺȥһеĴЪ˼
ѧԺϵˣҲڶǾͲĴˡ
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뵽ղǸŮѩһߺʮߵݹĹ֭һʣʮ壬ʲô尡˵ֻǵ𣿡
ʮߵ壬ͺҲкö಻ͬģ尡尡尡Ҳкܶ಻ͬģϹףһλ䣬Ҳȥ츳ǵѪ嵱У˺٣һСȺ
ѩ٣Ϊʲô䰡
ʮߣǺööǰˣü˰ɣʱû磬ȫڻ֮УʱضϹޣӣ䣬帲˵ˣǽʣļѳ¿ֳ磬øڲͬĵؽϢѳУһλ񡣡
ѩ̲סᰡһԺҲû𣿡
ʮ߳ҡҡͷҲ֪ǾͿ廹жѪˣ˵ǸԵ¾ûʲô㣬㣬ȻҲ㡣
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ʮһѽѩٱصһףȵĽӻػУСһʮʲôʱ򲻺ÿˣʲôʱ򶼺ÿ
ѩٲһȻջһѻʲ֮ǰûѩٲΪ붼ˮ󲿷ֶˮûвԵıҪæŲѩٵæŸʱԨ̶һʱûȥһ¡
ȷѩٵˮѩ׼ĶһԵĶѹȥĿ൱ɹۡ
ѩûʱۼˣæŻͷƻ
ʮûΪ˵ѩٻԺѩҪѧģദʱǣȻһʱ
ѩһصʱԨܾͱզˣԨԨҽǺˮǸرر
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Ҹʮ˵ˣȥǱߣϪˮҾͻ
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ԨԨĺܳ𣿡
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ʱԨЦĵ˵Ķͷ㿴ңһղ㲻ʶˣ
ѩЦԨԨÿ
ѩһͰԼˡ
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ʮ棬ֵʱȷܿģῪĵԨԨһѩٲžķ
Ǳٺã˶ϲãԨԨ߲ǼңͲܸʮ˵ˣʮҪ֪ˣ϶ĵġ
˯֮ǰѩԺţһҪسʥǣӦʮ壬ҪȥţҲǳɳĴ۰ɣȥȥĺŶ
ѩϳ˯ʱԨһС׹⿪ˣͷϸͷ˲ɢ˯ŵȴ֪޾Ū
ʱԨ飬Աһݣߡ
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ַ˸ͷʱԨؿڣ˺ڴϣӴȡװ˱ˮˮԼ
ʼʳҲǱ̹ˣҲŪˣֱӽ֭װˮʱԺȣܱܽܲ˾ܺȡ
ѩԴʱԨϣﱧˮţһֻѾӻ̲סһȵϥϡ
Ƿ۵ĽѾӸպÿԽǴסǰĵĽѾӶᷢһ
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û뵽һξͳɹˣ˫űβͣϸβһͽǱԴ˹
޹飬һ͵˲䱻
⣬ѩٵˮʶŤͷȥʱԨʱԨ˯ĺúõģ˿Ǿ;ͽ鱧ԼĻС
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ϢƽʱԨ΢С죬̶ܺǴ֪ʲôʱѩ߿С̺˹ش˵ϡ


42 
ߵѩٵдﵽƽ⣬ѩֻÿճȥѧҹؼ˯ģҲ㣬һգ۵¡
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ʥȴһʥѧԺʥÿֵĲС
ѧԺʵĲԣ˺ЩЩӣһЩ˼ģÿһͱá
Ҫ֪ɵʵͻıϣҪ͸ϣҪʯ·
ֻÿһµıʱڣֳͨʯԽ˽磬Щ˽ˣҵУ൱ޱ޾Ĳݸײ㡣
½ˣʱڣ˸ؽҲãҲãڴˣ£һŵ
ȻЩ˽һѡĿʥѧԺҲһֻᰭʵͷ
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ʮ߶ʱϪܹ𣬵ȻҪ񵨰ļһﰡСԵˣ˭û˸ҶĶֻ֮Ҫų˭С˱ᣬ޷ʱֶ
˵ʱ˸϶ͻŵԼʲôˣͻȻС̳ûӭǶźżæŵķ˳ȥ
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ʮֱӷɻԼϳЩܵıҪˮʺ̵ĶóԺ̴ˮˮģȡʱԨȥ
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ǿСɫԽ߲Ȼѣ磬˵αɣ⳯ʥ˵һ·˼ог档
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ԭһȻЦˣʱһüһԷǴ򲻵õСˣ


43 
ѩܹһ֣ͷû׷ŷ˲йͷֹζҪһܣǸҴ򣬾Ǹ˴ôôء
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ѩٿ˿ͷƣʾ⣬Ȼأ
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ܶæҵƭ˲֮£ҵ޹أȫǳһΪ죡
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Ϊս𲨼ǸСӣŽƵĶթһʣڰ¶˵С߾Ȼĸɽڻײ£һûֱӰŵûȥѾǵӴˡ
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˱ߺѩ⣺۸˻ƭǮƣ˵˻
¥ԽԽˣ裬Ҫ𣿡
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⴫ͷһӴ͵̫ԶǾͲøˡ
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ѩٵͷʶ϶Դ¹ʶ¹Ųǲᰴʬλˣôܱ˵أҪǱ¹ǵöİ
Ҳֲ紫
ѩٿ򻨳Ϊʲô
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ѩٵ¹ˣ¹ҪġҪģǿһֱᰴ߶ѡ
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˵ʲô֪Ϊʲôһݱδ֪İԼԵСĵĶŲһӦ
֪ˣʱʮڵҪöıŸÿʮ嶼ڵ˵˵磬ϴǣ˵Ҫ
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ѩͻȻһе㺦¼ʮˣԷ̸⣬ֱܻ
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ʱԨеһ˿״ŻʯϵϻͷźίСӣḧźʣôˣ˭ѩˣǽҪƲסˣ
ѩٽʱԨؿڲ˲䣬̧ͷֻкۿûᡣ
ʱԨа˳ʳָ۽һĨǵմȾڽëϵȥ㰮ޣԺǳ˸СްǺã
Ժ֪ڿ϶ǸСްѩٱʱԨСʣԨԨǲǺܻ
ʱԨɨһۣȸңﻵҲܸһ¡
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ԭΪ£ʱԨϣҲˡ
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ʱԨΪҲʮߣǷѹҲ֪Ҳ֪´μ
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ʱԨҪôܲѹѾˣı䲻£㣬Ծ¡
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ѩֱ壬۾գգ͵ĿʱԨȷ⻰ʵԣ𣿡
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ѩŵæ˻УʱԨؿڣѹסģʲô
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ѩٶʱˣæֻצʱԨĻո˰
ʱԨź޲Ҫ˫צԼµСӣʮƽΪ񡣡
ѩ۳ݵĿʱԨʱ׳־ºԸԺҲҪŬ񣡡
ʱԨЦЦѧᣬ˼¡
˰޵Сڰ˯˹ȥʱԨ̺Ǻã´
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һ·ǧ͸һ֣ȥ׽˿ճԵ½Ⱦȥȡ
½ȾӦһֶһ䣺ȡţ
ʱԨȫ
½Ⱦǰ׽˿̲סһ£һžӦǹˡ
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һ飬еĵλ൱ɵɵܽ飬ͨˣһ˫ΪˣΪβ
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44 
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ǧ͸Ļ𼴱㲻ԨԨıԴҲһЩ𣬷ѩһͺܲյϻۣҲȥˡ
֪ʱԨȥǧ͸ѩپûʱԼˣǵú󣬱㳯˻֣Ҳˣȥʥ
СŻͷƻߵıӰת˽׼õŸˡ
ԺСȥʥѧԺ⽫ճ̬˵ʮõĲŻһˣþӦǡ
ֻСԵĵһ̺ιģϴ۸ǴӲˣռС᲻ãСȻǱػЦɡ
ѩٽ磬Ҳ֪ʮûУһԼѩ๬ûأֱ͵͵
ѩסǣȥϵϢʮˣڻ԰̸⣬èĿ׼һ
Ϊʮû֣յŽȴͻȻһеʮŵҽС
ʮһѽŵѩٱЦð٣㻹͵͵ǲǣһСʱʲˣŲң
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³ʮΪѩֲʲôԻһһǲǲʲôŻ˵Ķţżղѩ㾹Ȼѧ׽Ūˣ
ѩٱӵĿֱЦŤŤҪֵֻ֣ܿϢȵֱʮ֣ıǼ⣬һ⣺Сʮ͵Ϯ㻹˵㣡
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ʮžùŹֵĴѩ٣ôԣұ̸⣬ǲҪʲôʲӦ߾ȹ
ѩٱʮߵҡʮ壬㲻˵£𣿡
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ʮ߽ѩֱת˸棬泯ԼԼϣ˵ɣʲôСˣͱˣʮ㶥žǡ
ѩٵͷС֮ǰ֪Ҳ֪ᰴһ¹ѣ֪ˣǡ
ѩµ˵ڣʮѻȥѾˡ
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ѩٱʮߣСʮԶ¹ǰ棡
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ѩźʮ߾ͽ⼸մϳѹγˮԱȫѸѩ١
ϧԼǻԻܵˮԶ࣬Щռģ˾ѵãԲҲ᲻ӣµġ
󲿷ֶһЩĲϣЩϼ󣬱Ͼﳤʲôöû˶󣬾ѩòԺ˵õأѩȫ
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ʮֽ·һУһ˲֮䣬ʧյҹĻǺ
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ʮ߳ѵΪԵֵǿյĻԼ͵͵һ˵ʱ򣬲Ժҳ֪ôٵΪ˽ڲſʹһС
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ʮޱĿѩϲģǲСһմлԵͷ·һʱԨȻܣʱԨʲô
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ѩ޷ҪǷʱԨϽж£ôÿͷɲˡ
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ѩٽЩƶУ·ʱһѣֻҪӯЩ־ʱԨԨƶһȻʲҪÿ
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ԱߵĵϣԱ߰˸ɫ֦ɵķţһһȦɫ޵Ļͱˡ
СҪҪԣ
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һѩ׵ƤĴ۾ཱུգֻ۵СԲɰݰ׵ģɫʰ쵵ĻһģԽԵþ
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Сһֲˣ˿ƣƱǳԸľ˵ûˣֻ޹뻨˹ȥ
ָϣֻԼٹʥѧԺͿѧˣʱһͳˣƫƫʱչ˵͸СĿѧء
ʱԨʲôֻ½Ⱦ֪ѩٵҲʹֻһ֪ˣŪҲĺ档
ͦô˵ſʯϿԨԨ׼ʲôĿѧ񣿡
룺ΪһЩķɣҪѧˣѧϰʥѧԺҲٲһЩĻᣬЩ֮أûо԰ȫģвˣӦ׼һЩĶǡ
ѩٻ˻ϵӣһֻӣ͵һöСָԨԨĴһӣķϱһöСĴָϵĽָϸϸһȦرۡ
īͤ͵ķ飬͵ˮ飬͵ԨԨ˵һСҪںϱȽϺãлʲһʮˣѧжΣհҪôౣĶö˶Ҫҵһ
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ѩ°͸ڽһֱϣԴһһεģǾֻһǣҲǿĵѽ
Цŵʲôģ͵þһǡǺ޲ýȫõĶӲء
һֻС͸С˹ͣѩͷϵĻϣѩ΢΢һͷСͣıǼϡ
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ѩٶʱƵʲô˵Ҿ֪ˡ
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ôһ·ƳɱʵǶ࣬䱾ֹһɶѩٶԣиõĿȡԲѡε֮
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·ʱԨֽһöþƵĶݸ׼ƶʮһð׽˿һž죬˶飬ȥɡ
ѩٲ֪󣬵Ӻÿɫ͸һ˿ᣬһϲĲУʱԨϡ
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ʮʲôˣĵرˣȻһ۾ܿһ·ĵĻǿ̻󷨣ʱ𣬶ԶǼժ̫࣬һԱȣժǾѾѵˣȴǱȲ
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ʱԨİɣ·ʱԨһôɣ
ѩûʮߵĻӦԹԵĿĵԨԨ˶ʮ·˵Ǹѧ׼ģÿһ󷨶һԨԨ˵Կ黻Ŵ
ʮߣʮĵر˲𰡣



45 
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ѡ˹Ժ³ϲδУǸѧֻѡ뿪һܾѡ񹦷һǸ츳ľӢ콾ѡĿ΢΢
񶨹ǸһɾѡյǼǵͳһУÿʮһֵĽ룬ûϵģȻҪںų
ѩһ󣬻ȥҹϪϰˮһ磬ͻʮ嵽ȥһͱֱȥĴﲻֹлʲʮǣϴμǶڡ
ѩһһˣȻܵ˻ʲߣק俴Ǽ塣
ЦĵѩپҪѧˣ¶ԲǵһȵĴ£ѩֻȥʥһ潻Ѽɣ轫̫ϡ
ѩٵͣٻָٿʼκѩٵ⣬ڽʥѧԺʸʱԨסѩ٣Ķ棬ȥѧԺô˱˳ʥǡ
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ЩʥѧԺѧսѩϪ˵ʲ˵ʮҲ˵ȥԨԨҪ̫ѧԺѧô죬ԨԨҲѧãѧԺĿľȥĲľͻ
챻ڶ߶ģ߶ѩٸû̫¡
ǶˣѩͷʲȥҪѧ𣿡
ʽѩٱδտΪȡ
ѡ񹦷ѩٻͦ˵ģǵԼӦϪ;Լȥˣȥǵġ
ѩΪҪѧǰٶһȴû뵽Ȼһȥѧġ
ʲڻУΡΰѧԺǰصˣѩپ̲סʲҪס
Ѿ֪ʲôȨˣҲ֪Сĺ壬֪ݴĺô鷳ԭѧȻǸһѧϰ
ȴʲôĵģֻһʱЩ彫С͵鹬׷ͽ档
±ѩק䣬ЦЩʥѧԺԺϵϣ֪ݼɣԺͬѧ㲻˵ǲ֪ġ
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˵ЩѧѧԺľڽ֮⣬ֻ֪٣ԺϵϳӼݣΪ٣Ȼǲö֪ġ
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ѩٲ֪ǲǴǳϽ޸ƵݸʱɫÿŶ


47 
ѩٵסͰźˣҲҪȥ˲ͬĵ
ڿտջͷ۱޸ߵѩ٣˼ۣȻŸߵıµȥѩסĶȥԱߵͥԺ
δֻЩζСߵĻܱŵֱӽѧԺȻԽ߽׵ɳԽҪϰꡣ
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ڿտİֱҪѩٴùϵѣԺȥԳԺȺҾܸһ˵ܿȥǸ鶳
˵ߵֹʲôɿ;ӵҲʵ̫ˣֲǲ龧ȻԤԼˣɢôˣɢ;Ͳǿˣ¶һԣ²ˣߣ
»бۿȸղŸˣǰȥһţ㻹ȥʥݸɲ࣬ǷǸģõ޸ȥˣǾͱˣ
Ȼ˸»ӰԱߣʱܿüʱԨ˵ҲܵõʱԨĻӦҲϤĻͷƣûһѩپͱӰ˯˹ȥ
ͷƶиԵķ䣬ѧԺڣ˱ÿһ˯Сҡ
ϾҲƶСƤӵ£ʰŵӰҲ̫ġ
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ѩڴŤһ£һ˯Ťûˣűű۾𣿡
ȡ·ѩѡһСͰᵽ˸ڵ˪Ժ˵Ϊͬżھӣݷá
ѩŶһָһ̰ɫ
ƽ·ǰѩٵ˯»ȥ·󣬻ΪΣ÷١
һԱѡĸ澣һϸȴᶼûУֻĶڻվһԡ
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Ҫ·˯ߵԺĴҪá
Թ߻͵ѩٻǵóһŴͷһ˺˾ͳ˴С
Ȳ̽ŵȺڿտտѩͻȻ֣һڲˮ˳Ǿȵĵɴ۾㾹Ȼ˲
ѩһЦѾ˺ĴͷǷ
ڿտգ
ССһͥԺΪλҪôͷ·Ըߣ̫̫ƴ֡
ܿ컨ͷҲˣûݳ޵ôͷķ޷ɹġ
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ڿտ۾һŮֶûеҡͷδ
ѩٿ򻨳ͷҲǸȻ΢ϤһµΣʺ˰ˡ
׼ȥгԵģͼʰŹСܹһʳ˹СүǴһġ
ѩɻ󣺡ӣ
СܹЦŵȻλӡ
ѩŶһǸǲǻʲ
һʳпô󣬵ɲСһʳڶһһȡܿͰһӡ
ʳ滹һ㣬Сֱܹӽʳеݸ˻ͷƣµıλġ
ڿտտ˱ǵĺóԵģ۾Ҫˣÿһ࣬ҲڶѣС£ų֮ݻڿտնЩҪ˼Ƥ䷹ˣģң
ѩٲ⣺ң
ڿտָָϵĶ⻹ң
µһƬ⣬ȡĻĸ⣬ҲƬһһģ࣬ƷַడԱģһһµʳֱ̫˺
ѩû˵ΪϴαʮųԳ֮ԵĶͱˣֳԶ࣬Ĳ࣬ûԱƷָĲ٣Ȼͱˡ
ѩٵݸڿտһ˫ӣ𣿡
ʳǰﻹܵڿտռᶨͷԣ
һھӨ͸ķڣڿտղ㶼Ҫˣúóԣÿ춼ôӹҲ̫˰ɣ
ѩһ߳żţ⣬һߺŨĹ֭Ҳǣǻʲ˵ҳ˿ԶԵ˲ôԵģǰСʱֻ̺ܺ
ڿտգһƲ㻹ͦã˵ҿͲΪʲôôҪʥ飿߽һЩΪ˻һ㣬Ҫƴ
ѩ٣һˡ
ڿտЩһòȥ󣬲ŵһꣿ˷ôСʲô
ѩٵͣȻһ꣬ǲСҼҪ󲻸ߵģֻҪĿľˡ
ڿտͣ˸УһŵӦǵɣ̥һôˮôǿǵȻˮģˮĸ߽һЩ壬ޣй꣬СԣҲǵ˲ˣΪ׼ôϸʳ֪ǿ㣬СС;ҪıϵôɣòΪͻûʼɣ
ѩæҿʼˣѾۼˣ
ѩϿ϶ϢΪķΪȻߣȴΪ֮ǰΪСȫ´˼ǸտʼԲŻἸܲѹɡ
ڿտնʱãԼƤһСţʵǶˣǲȵѧƷΪ׼ûеĻǵȻһȥɣҲҪġ
ѩתͷ򻨳ͷƣҪʲô𣿡
ƺͻһߵСдŸڿտһıţԵҪһЩϣҪհ׷ֽѧԺƵĻ齣Լʯ¯Ԫġ
ʥѧԺŲһĵطԼĹ֮⣬Щγ̶еģΪͳһѧЩֻѧԺ׼ĳƷ
հ׷ֽҲвϲͬߵ͵ȼһģߵȲϵķֽɷף൱ǽʵˮƽ
齣ҲǣһЩģ˭ûһö齣ĵȼˣͬ൱ԷȻǿ
ЩﶼǸʱװӳȻû⣬ѧϰƾһЩѧȻҲͲ汾ˡ
Щֻܵѧ֮ŵƣȥ»¸
ţѩٺڿտһ»¸ȻͿ»¸ſڴųһѧϡ
ڿտһѹء
ôˣѩҲСüͷѹʲô
ڿտգѹָʱأ⻻޸ϣû죬ꡣ
ѩٲŶӣҪŶҪĻˣʱ䣬ҹ
ҴȥòŶӡ
һ˽ѩٺڿտͬʱͷڿտղʶѩȴʶô
Цŵֻ׼ˣ
ѩ٣Ҳǽ
һ˵ʲôƨı飺ȻأʥѧԺ⳯ʥƸ𣿡
ڿտֱԷǣҪǶԷһҵϢƻи߰񣬾ͲһĳģСĳѩٵˣ
ѩҡͷ죬żΡ
һ䲻죬Ѱĳߣ⻰ҲûĲżζѣֻһδܣڶοͱ˴ܣΣܹ鲻ٴˡ
˹㻹ˣĻҴȥĻˡ
ѩ٣ΪʲôԲŶӣѵҪԵ˸·
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ⶼôûС
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ѩæȥ
һǰ棬ѩæкڿտһϣͷȻǴ粽룬ǰһȺСŮ
ÿѧĶҲЩΪ˷㹺ÿ꣬ǰ׼ԻרŹĹ̨Ҳõȡ߹֮˵·
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ѩٺҿڿտҲǵһͬ治ѣѩٴɨһȦûȤˣΪöණûԨԨĺÿЩ˵Ķᷢ⣬ЩᶯֲҲûԨԨĶࡣ
ڿտûôöСҪֱۣסĻͷԼСĻ̫ˣǱһӻ
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Ȼļ˿겻󣬵磬ɲ䣬ЩͷȴǼ֮䣬ЩʥѧԺӶ㲻ϵĴߣԽҲҪʦʦġ
ҪЩϿε֮
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ڿտѩٵ·ϲѩ쿴ǻ飡
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ѩ٣Ҫ𣿡ûǴСӦһˮ㲻ˮҲӦñȽˮ
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͵ˮϵҪҲûð
˵겻ҪѩתͷȥҪĶһһܵǿշһʮţһƷ¯һֵֻ¯һԪĲϣÿһĵĶԪλʦʦڼƹϵ౸δƹ౸һЩʯһƷ齣Ҳǽγãһһ飬лֻ֣֡
ѩٿڿտգҪ٣
ڿտյҪһ׾ˣԪһ㣬Ҫ౸һЩоʮſշ̣
ڿտվһշٶҪʮţľֻҪһס
æʾ߸ŵСͯСͯڿտҪȫȡշܱˣʮţҲǶʮʯ¡
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˾ҡͷΪһûǸѧЩǲˡ
ѩٵҪףշҪţǸҩҪٷݣ֮ǰǺüһģԷʧ֣Щܹ鲻
̲ס¶ɫһԵİ̿ٱҲòٷôࡣ
ѩʾⷱǮأ˵ˣˣҲǿǮģ
Сô˵Ȼôٷݶѣֲ˾һҪֱ꣬ǰǮ
ƸսӹСͯõƷʹԱˣΪ׵ǸĿ۷ƣ漴ƿĿ⣬䳰һԸʶ䡣


48 
ѩٴӳֻǧͷ񣬾ûֱ׵ĽӴʲô⣬˵ʲôԸʶ䣬Ҳȫûʶǳ˵ģ˵ǳŷ˵ģϾʶǡ
ȴֱ̧ۿˣֻԼҲǸʥѧԺԻֲѧԺԺϵķװͳһװŵģӦ
һȻԵ޹ʵ˶Եĵˣ˵ĿֱֱŷƵģҲ֪˿ǷһѪͳˡ
Ƶ֮Իô࣬ΪĽϣΪ裬ߵļ岻ҵ壬˸ҽ˵ĶԣӦǱߵģǾֻǷǱߵˡ
ֱӽˣõĶصѩٵߣѩ֪޾ʰأҪ٣
ˣֿ˿ƣüͷһС۸ˡ
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ģճĵҩΪǼҪȥһеؼ׻ؾҪֿȲɢ𶾡
ΪѧԺᷢһЩ׽߽ɱޣ̽ѰһЩؾԸֵҩѧԺٶЩ棬Ҳ㡣
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ѩԵ˵ͷȻ򣬺Ҳôʣᱻ˺ģֻϲ˲ܴõϲˣһŵҩ
ΪڲʽϿΣϿҪĶѩپȻһʲкһٻ
һصͱʮߺһ࣬ൽһʯ̨ţһ˵ѩٵıǼ⣺ѧԺʲô
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ѩҲŵͷǣҼҷƣԺҼҷõĶҪã
ϪЦֿѩټ䣬ʾĺܰŽ˷ɲʮߣҪѩٳͷȥϰԺѩ۸ֻҴ˲ԼɲС
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50 
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֮ǰв޼أΪڵĵطǵĵطǿಢͬǵΪ˼ȡ֣Ƿ֣ÿǧȥ𳱵Բн¾޴ҹ³ᣬɢήһǧֻһΡ
һԵʮߵȻһģԣκʳĹЧϴ衣
ѩٲ̫ϴʲô˼
ʮߣһܾеʣһ˿ֻһ˿һ˿֮츳رʳ߿ߣɳȥһƫ߿˫˫ߣ
ÿǧһε˳νǸ御ܽһӵܣһϣΪ鱦Ȼ˭Źģۣÿ궼ǲߵĵɽǰȡ
ǰÿǧĹԣۻȡ߿ţʻȡ߿ţħħҲȡ߿ţΨҷɢһͳߣֻܸƾʵˡ
Ȼ񶼻ΪԼ˺þ󴣬Գǲ£ɽΪǰҲһƵĹƽˣҪֱӱ񶼹Ϸˡ
һĹҲ࣬ľܽǧţ֮˸ʱ򶼻ǧŵʵ̫ˡ
ѩٲ֪жҪֻʮô˵ʱ뵽˷ƣһҪٱˣҲֻһȻ÷ҲԱøȻϣܸġ
˫ڴĳʮ߿ȥʮЦԣ
ѩͷ룡
ʮ󣺡˵
ѩ˵ʮߵϣʮÿˣϲʮˣ
ʮ߼þյĹЦѩپһ׽
ȻʾŶϲʮˣǻʲأ
ѩæȥʣһԵĹϪҲϲʲˣϲϪ壡
νһˮƽ˭䡣
ˮʦҹɫֲ˸СЬʵյһϿΣСɻӦ
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ѩСüͷˡ
һ磬û
ЩĴǸɴʱԨԺ˸¯ȻʱԨĹרĵط涼ʦ˵ҪͨĻʯ̫߽׵Ķ
ʱԨ뽫ͥԺøȴǿҪۿɴţȥȡһʱ䡣
ѩٽıʼó¯ʯһһڷźãپԪҩģԱ߸ҩһһãͺͷһ̨ͤϡ
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ϸʦ̵ҩſҪںϵʱ򣬵¯ͻȻ˺üҴܣܵ¯ŵѩҽС
ԨԨԨԨҪը
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ѩٻͷðŰȴĵ¯ǸոҪըˣ
ʱԨһ̧֣ǵ¯ȡ˹¯ǣѩԼ濴ϧղŻһźܸɾҩҺţѾ˺
ʱԨеĵҩʧܶը¯ģը¯ΪЩҩ֮гͻԣղŵ¯ĶҩҺںϣķӦ
ѩٵǽʦʱĵ¯û
ʱԨΪʦʦֻҩѹ
ȡһҩģԡ
ѩٴγֱҩҺٴںϣ¯ֿʼʱʱԨ˫ָѩٵֱϣ£ըģ
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ֱһ΢ĵ㴫ʱԨɿ֣ѩٷһŰɫҩ裬ʱóϲĿʱԨԨԨţ
ȻΪ벻ȶȣԪֻƷڶβͳɹˣǺܲġ
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ʱԨһЦⲻ㡣
ѩԲһ䣺ԺҲҪ
ʱԨЦá


51 
ѩٽҩƿӵݸڿտտġ
ҩƿжʮǿƷԪⶼѩٺһ¯¯ƵģʱƿصĺãȽ϶࣬һ¯ܳţеٵģҲиĿţƷԽԽãϾˡ
ƷûеģһԪƷҲô״ɵģЩƷҩҲôˡ
ڿտսԼƵҲ˳ģǰڼҶⷽûʲô츳ʮҩһ¯ѾܲˣҺǵĵβ࣬ҪʡԼҩˡ
ڿտ˵ѩ»¸ôҩĵΪ̲סƳɹˣЩҩҪô죿
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ѩٵ츳˼֮󣬾ͳƷˣ˵ЩԪʱȥġ
ڿտվˣƷƳƷˣ
ͷ֮ǰûϾûǸ쳢Թ֣ͦ׵ģЩȡҩҺĴԲ⣬ںϺȻͳɵˣҩҺĹϸһ㣬ĵҩȻƷˡ
˵ף͸һ㣬ϰ߾ͳȻˣԷ˵ǼֱѣǷһˣͱ˶ʮҩģźò׳һƷԪ
ѩٶҡͷֱ̾̾ҺòĶࡣ
žǸ츳Ĳ֮ͬɡ
˵׬Ǯ£ڿտպĵİǲοԪĲϺܻʯһݣƷԪٻҲƷҿʮʯһţô
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ڿտվǸϲֵӣæҲȥǰæ
ѩ˵СָѧԺļУԺϵֻ޲ͬγ̴ǲģƵҩĶԼòϣҲ˷ѣǾͻѧԺڰڸ̯ӣҪˣ۸ȻҪһЩ
Ҹȡ裬ľγһСУһЩֵƷᾭһЩȴòϵĶСÿ춼֣Ϊö˶ϲȥǶԻЩ
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ڿտգڿտա
ݶƺ΢΢һ£漴ЦԭʥŮڴС㣬һᡣ
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ݶôô壬᲻̫ͳһЩ
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ѩȻǲ֪ģʥ飬ĽʥԺϵ˽´һ
ѩʥ飬ľЩ콾ϮĶ£ж뻹пܶǶ׫ģʲôãֱһ˫ãȻ
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ЩСŰжһЩοһѧԺֻӡ
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ѧԺе¸󣬾·һЩȨѧУһԺڵĦС£ѧԺеģѧ
һЩ֮أѧԺ·жҲѧɡ
ѧԺг˽ѧʶһһЩʦǲ׳ģѧѧнЩȨģҵѧԺ㡣
Ժܶ·һѧԺ˸ûᣬѰұӻЩû·ģ룬ϵľͱߣϵľɸֻмǱġ
ܱģ붼ѧԺǰģǳ൱ġ
δعԼһ壬һȻһҲǸ߽壬ΪһôҲǸ壬һѧͱȡ
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˳ڿտյĻµͻˣѧ账֮ǲ輱һʱϸúúÿһǡ
ڿտǿˣѩѹ罻һ㶼罻ĻҲǣ˼ҲŶ󣬲һѣæӹͷݶѿһɫůЩ˿ֱսڽʦˣŸɢȥ
Ȱݶһߣڿտ̲ס˴ѩٵ⣺ѽ
ѩԼͻȻ֣æԶ벽ôˣ
ڿտգ㲻ȥҲίЩٸӣϾ˼ҺܲһԲϽ³οʥȨƴúܣҲǲõġ
ѩһ⣺Ҳȥǵˣ
ڿտգ˵ļˣֱ׵Ĳȥίĸ֪ȥĽȫͬģ밡ҪиʲôóԵҪˣȴһھܾ˵ѳԣҪ˲ģҪǵڱܾ᲻ѿ
ѩ룬벻ܣҪкóԵģܸ˭û˻᲻Ҫʮ廹ЩǣǶ˵Ľµġ
Сüͷӣڿտ˵һ
ѩڽָһݸ
ڿտû뵽һ־ʱеƲסˮˣװһѳԣҲҪ
ѩŶһջ˽ָ
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ѩҡҡͷûа㲻ҪͲҪÿ˵Ŀζһ㲻ϲҪ
ڿտһ±ƵĿŻͷƣǼСүƢôôиԵ𣿡
Ƴ޹ʼ磬СʱһЩ֪Ҳǲ̫ĥġ
ѩȡ齣䳡ȥڿտæѩ٣ոǸٸһ¡
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ڿտգǸʾܾĸܣҰԵģʥеģԹûҸ㻻ѽ
޿οѡλһ޿Ҫжӣѩٵ֮ı˵һС
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ҷװͳһˣͷηδҶһһģͷϻһɫۣһ۾ܿ
Ȼǽÿ˵ͲһΪҲһеΪѾ˽ڣ绨ǽڣеĻ׶Σѩ٣Ȼˣֻѩٻʶ˶ѡ
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䳡ϣеýƺܱ׼ֹ׼ǳƣеˣòȣһ֡
Ǳ׼Ļǲ׼ģսʦҪһὣ飬ٿ齣մЩʥѧԺѧϰ֮ǰҪһµĶ
е˺֣ܿٿ齣գԼȥ硣
еˣ齣ѡ
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īͤҲ֪ƭûʲôˣֻһѩٲľ뿪ˡ
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쿴ѩɫδ䣬ȴȥֻĻ𣬾Ȼͼ̵ķ£̶ʲôСɵӺô
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ЦʣΪʲôҪ
ѩ٣ʶһˣаһģҪǿ϶ѹġ
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ѩҡҡͷûУģлģ¹ģûġ
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ѩͷлл塣
챾Ҫȥ棬ȴ˵Ҫ˵˵ȥСа̯ӣȻǹϰٷݲԪȫҲδһС飬Ŀľͺá
ѩǶ뿪ԺתһȦȻ󿴵ֻһСӣһ̲סЦˣѩٿͷϵĺ۱ΪԷǺСӦǺޣѹ鵱ҡ
СĺӣȻƽϣ̣Ҳǲеģһ˹ȥԭú·ĹͻȻϵµĹ˸š
Դֿ˿ϵĹӣֻԥһ룬תȥѹӼϲ˲һڿȥQǰߡ


52 
뿪һѩȥڽڿտպ
ڿտչʱ򣬾Ϳͷ飬ʱ°ͶҪˣڸʲôѵÿһС¥˲𣿡
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࣬ĿһСܵ˵ķһ𡣡
ȻǲҪһſűȶԴСķ࣬ǵ˷Ѷʱ䣬ֱһ𣬴һߣСһߣܿͷֺˡ
󣬷ȡ¯ҩģڿտտŵ¯̲סǾ¯Ʒ
ⵤ¯ѧԺҪͨ¯̵ⵤ¯ѾǸˣȷ߽ףĵ¯ԪͺɽʿڶԸһޣ̫Сˡ
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ѩ˵žǸ¯ڿտչʾÿڼ˺þãʺϻ㿴о˪
ıԴǾ˪һֺܸ߽׵黨ȻɾĲ࣬ѵòҵȻ˻Դ黨Ķѩһ۾Ϳˡ
ÿȻÿÿģڿտտ˵ĵ¯ĬĬ롣
ó¯󣬻һηŽȥ˺üҩģֳҩˣһοԺüҩͬʱ
˵¯ļӳ֣ϻƵǻϵ飬һϰٷݵҩĻһա
ڿտսһ¯Ԫװҩƿһǧٿţ
һݲϲĳܾţģɳſţٷݵĲϳƷǧٶţĸߣο⻹Ʒ
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ΪСĻҲǰˣʵĿȴǰ㲻٣࣬ΪԺԼҪѩ٣ΪݶĿѡ˽ǵ
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ǰǲݵʱûлΣ޷ƶûˣʲô˼ʱ򣬾Ѿ۲ΧˣЩݲݣ棬ҲΪرãģú˼
ڿտҲѧӣſϸһ۲ˣֱվǵ̯ǰڰ̯׼һá
ȷӦæվ𣺡ҪԪȫƷһܵţ
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Ůӿѩ٣ȻڿտյԿƷ𣿡
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˱һͷˣΪ˲˵üۣȷʵÿȥƲӣð⣬ѩٺܻɣǸ󾫡
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οΪôһС¾ܾСǱˣԺΪ׵ʺžˣʥ飬Ҳǵﲻġ


54 
ѧԺʱԨסοڳʥǵʣʥ˲иѩߵӰҲ
컹ֻǴһִߣҪˡ
ʮߵ֪ЦҼ
ʥȻʥʱǸ¸ΪûͻķˣϾ̫̣ܳɾλѳ٣ÿһ¸ʵȨúܡ
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īͤûϹʥ飬ѧԺƵЩô꣬вģϽǺüʥ֮ˣĻֻĮʣã
Ҳǣֻһ֮ɲЩִӿѩСܸϷġ
ʮһ˦䣺ҪôҼԩѵû֮⣿һ֮λûƽСĲѾܿˣô𣡡
֪ʱͥԺס˰һ۵ĳ嶯һ˲ͻȻãиʱԨæ̻⡣
ûǧͷǵ£СҪ粢ʱʱ飬Ϫ񷱶Ҳ
ʮ߲Ǵɱ֪С̸ʲô
һ뵽Թɵѩпܻɶ˦һҪɱ˵СûסĶʮ߾һ˹ȥ
Ѿһ껹ڱʴƨɵʮߣ
īͤʣҪȥʥһˡ
ʵС¶ѣȿѩδҪȸһ㴦¿ռ䡣
µĻȻˣѩٴȥҲ١
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죬ʥһ뼺޹صİԣǣĹעߣȫѧϰ
尵׷վͽͨ˻壬г棬尵ȻҲУɿɲ٣һ尵游ȻԷµĴСľϵģҲԣ
ûȵǱߴϢַһӱըţȻС
С˭ΨһĴ󱦱Ǿٰƿ磬ȥμżɼĴڣ
ΪλСʥǺ½ŽĴ岻ϵʱԨĵһʼ彨
һŴóȺźСգСмȱӿտִƫ˽
ıԴһĻţһˡ
˭û뵽ƿǵСȻʥ飬˼Ұ군壬˿ҲҪһٶŻѧΪ˭ûСʥ飬ûſѧվͱ۸ͷˡ
˵¬ʮ޺󻹲һԪӤʿôմӻ󣬲ϵˣҹߣһûˡ
Ǹ尣ȥְһֱ޸У˭Ҳ˭ᡣ
˵ĿڿûǶ˼ϣΪиʵں档
С¸ĸִõ˽ѡʵѡ
Ҫ֪¸ִãǧѿУȻ壬ϳһλ񣬺Ǩ㵽磬һܷչʵ̲һЩ߽׵ҡ
˵Ѿ˼ɣǳ褸׼ɵͲԵƴٷˡ
ǧǳ褰ѿʥ¸ʥչСЩ겼պٲܻһ֮λ
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ҵ棬ҵҲܼģһҲδҵüһΡ
СɲһҪԼҵλǶҪȥȥЩŶӵĹˡ
ǳ»˭˵תСһڣ˵ʲôˡ
õҲܼ򵥵ĻӦĪִֿ
⻰СģԭⲻĻ˻֪ǳ褵ɫжѿ
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ΪңɼԾηΪ죬ͻƱܴ죬֪磬ȴ֪أ߳ƿֽȴƿأθġ
ʱ¸ĴУߵĶˣſѩ٣֪С¸ִãǷкѡ
ѩûһָڷϳԼСԴ룺Ȼôһѡɡ
΢ɻ󣺡һѡ
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֪֪Ҳûϵѩ˵ģҪѡˣǾͼˡ
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ЦŵӦûм죬Ϊ޻˵֡
ѩæϲ޻˽ѽԭ޻˽ĸ磬ǲҲú磿
ܵСһ磬Ȼҵҡ
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ĵȻͬ⣬ҪСʱԨԺǸˣԶûгѧ档
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Ȼ밡ģ۰ʲô㣬һʦǿɾˣÿҪ޸Ҫʥʦ̳ȻǸͽѧΪ˲ǲҪѧɫˣ
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Ӧһǣѩٳ֣ȻСҪǵã׼Һ;ҵ˲Ҫ
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ڴҶ˵Ե𣿵Ȼ㿴С治ʽ̳ģ


55 
žİȻѡ֮ĽԽңһ֮£Ȩ֮λֵõմȾڻͷǰһԲⳡ
˶֮ܿλ嶤ҪˣСɿڣ¾תˣǳЩ̸ڵȨҲС
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ԺڶԺϵУ˿ϵģԳųڸ¼֮⡣
ԺҲرƽϾʲô˵ĳһ٣һٲپܽĵطҲЩȻĸоڽЩ鲻˵ȫģֻǲĵİһ¾ˡ
Ϊڿտ֪˲ٱ˲˵¡
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½ȾûʱԨڴʲôգ˵ˣǵʱȻͻ֪ˡ
ڶѩٻصʥ飬һ֮ǰĿرܣֱƣѯʾһ¡
ƵԱѾԶ£¸ͶѡߵڶɽΪ壬ΪԵǳһףΪɽڣδԲֻ˷ѣ츳ǲףڵ֮Уľ
ѩٸȤʵôã
ѡЩ˶ѡģѩٿӰʯѩٱԵģֻ΢˽һЩԷĻϢȴǽʥѡõˣԻὫɸ
ƵΪ壬ȵ½ȵҲĴ½ȽϱߺףҲӣ۽츳ϳˣҪԼѣڽʥ飬ڽ𵤣ԺڴȣԽսʤ˶ԷһŴϣΪס̨Ӯ˸߳һΪĺʿΪѧԺҫ
˵ҪСһǰ⵱ʱڣһɽ£ʱһڵһλ츳׿ӣӲ˽𵤣ʷжѾܲˣ˵ϼѵĴڣһŴȣһֺ˺ܶҪɱʥĺݻ
ѩϲֹˣæ׷ʣȻأ
ƣһŵļӳ֣磬ʥѧԺĵӣʥѧԺӵʿһ겻ԽԽ䣬ʵ޹⣬ֱսס̨ԽӮ˶Էʿһʿ΢ĲӮ˴ȣôǱסһʥԺ档
ѩһ
Ƶƽ˽ӴҲжȣӲЩ֮£ʱͬѣ㲻ͬһԺϵҲְһ˲ŷѣƱңңˡ
ѩҲã˵¸ǲƽ
ִõأҲѡ𣿡
ƵִƱ󣬵ʱҪСѡˣֻһ޿誣ͬΪ壬ǲ֮ͬˡ
壬弴ͬһţͬѪͬ㲻Ϊͬ壬ǻ壬Ƕֳܷüʮ
ѩٵһأ
ƣһħ壬ᡣ
ѩٶӡ󣬱ϾЩѡˣģǵΨһǸŮӣ
ƵͷѩС°ֹͣʱ򿴰ɣǸ׼ǲ鵽ûУ
һԵĻ鵽ˣӦ»¸֮£ݶְΪһõСߴãߴ¸ʮСã֮һǰãߴ֮һɥһؾУλӿȱᣬҪ߹ϵֺϷ壬ɵϷѰٵĲϣȱζҪϣһζԭѧԺУձˣȥһ
ѩͲˣҪȫѽû˵Ҳ
Ц㣬ǲһʯóܵõܽ˵ܴõٲ֧֣һá
ѩ˫ֻأҡԴǿ̫Ļˣ
Ƶڰ׼ңҪδ
ѩתԲǳ룬Ȼһ֣
һٶòȻôҪõǸλӣǾƫƫ
ûסЦܺãСһ߱£˭ˬͻ
УƢǺܰԵģλСһԲϸֱӸΪԽ֤˵һ֪
Ե֪ѩٵݺֺͬãڻ¼ķͷϣ²СķŭֻԶԶܿǡ
ҶˣΪİݶԵˣֻȻ飬ѩϿκ󣬰ݶǰ֮ǰ֮ٸһľûҶ˵ˡ
Ϊȥѩ٣ǾòģҪĵǸûôʱ򣬻Ǻܺ˵ƢҲģհ׵һǸ˼ûУֲֻǾͲˡ
źü춼ûµĶСÿϿΣѧֱӻ޸Ϊѡ֣֮ǳƺ֪ȥѾ𽥳ȥûµĶһڰ׼ֵܵУԵ÷ǳ
ΪӦû뵽ѡθһ죬ǻԭȱһ֮λľãɸǱһ²ϵ֮λ
һͻȻָɴ࣬һ˵ضûеĸ֪ðɵѪ
¸Ҳ֪ΪͻȻͲĴңǱҲͰˣСǳʥǣ֮λڣôСƭ
Ӧ·ֱӦ˵³ϧѾˡ
ѩپȵŻĻ㱨Ѫˣ˴
ȻûУӦǱġ
ѩٴ۾͸ɻ󣺡ҲѪ𣿡
ƵͷȻǻģǱƢõˣˡ
ѩٵصʮߵ֣һɵͷʮ壬ܴӦһ𣿡
ʮæ˵ҪϵǣʮҲܸժ
ѩٵҰǸɵ֮λˣƢãһͷˣѪˣʮԺҪôҪѪˣ˿ˡ
ʮһʱ֪ǸллѩٵĹĻǸѩ˼˵Ƣã
޿֮½ѩٱһߣߣѩ໽У˵ƢãСƤ˼ֱ


56 
¸֮λǺĶϣĺѡ֮Щ󣬸׷ϲϡ
ִõֹ֮ǰͻȻССķһħʤҲʥһŮӵִ֮λ
ʤֻеΪΨһŮӣʥŮӣֻҪûиǣģѲ֧֣һŬ֮£ʤһ
󱻶µ˱ȥѩڵˮ¥˶ǶɽʿֻͻƣֻǶɽٳڣȴѾΪ
ǧԼΪȻǰ׳ģһˮ¥Խֱ۵ĸܵĸС
̤ŵо裬·ı̺ľѾһڵأǿˮеĲ̨ͤµľĵ壬ڳ̨ͤʯϷĻ
ЩһóȥǱͷ䱦ˮ¥Ȼֻǵ׺֮õװΡ
˶Ŀǳ֮Ը̾ԽĿбӵĸ¥ȥ
ѩѾڴˣѡģȻὫյԼ£ҲȥӪʲôǲôԼŵһݻԺ˵¿ˣôҪֵģһ棬ȻҪЩ
ѩٽ⴩һǳɫط٣ԨԨƵǿŶ飬һ˫Ҳչ¶⣬ķǳÿ
˱˴󣬲ֱС֣ص˹ݴ񣬱΢˫һԡ
ѩǿ˿ǸܺõȻñǸǳ褺ÿˣ಻˵üۼҲһ֮ģøС
վԱߵŮӣɫ޻ˣִ󷽣ƾסˣҲܸоһɸɾ䣬Ҳ̫׸ΣһͷڷԵΪӢˬ
λʥڵƱѡʤߣСǷ¸ִ֮λ
ѩٳЦЦϵС¶һ˲Ȼֱ壬ǰɲܹˡ
Ҫǳ褵ˣȻͷϵ֮٣ºûССչʱĳ嶯֪ǳ褵˵ΪѩѾһ㶼ڵʱĳ嶯ˡ
ֻҲ˽⵽ǳ褺¥˼¸ִץжΣѡˣҪһȥͽвɿصץвס
ѩѵʥڵһͬѡˣȻģ¸ִãӦҸΪ˽⣬һΣض۲٣ǿ࣬ʥһ徻ƽ
СȻƷǳѳ̬֮˲֣æ񣺡ǰ·裬ȶնС
Ϊѡ֮ʱֻλߵѡ⼴ΪѡҲа취е˳ȻƴһԵǾûĵǰ·ףһǰǣ֤֮·Ӳƽ̹
ѩٳŷƿһۣһǰϷľϻӣѩٵΣӦкǣӦõϣϲ°ɡ
һɨľϻӶʱ
ǱߵģһöƴСĹĿһɨӦǴƹ˽ϵк䣬á
˵ſǰľУ׶Ϊϵʶܳ䲻ֻҲʡ
ȻңЩãеҲֻ֮Сһȼ̹ҲⲨ˼֡
ԱߵȻ˫ֽӹľУлСʹ͡
漴֮ͣС֣صл
һ֣öҫǰӹʥķ򣬱˵Σǰ֮ǣĪʧġ
˽ٴγСȶ
￴ѩ٣ƺûʲôҪ˵ˣ£ں飬ͿԼıˣС̶ûѹǳ褵Ĳ绻˾ǡ
뿪ѩٶʱ˿һȻЦеĿ磬ұֵô
ǰ˺ӵСʧЦֵĺüˡ
ѩٶʱĻζһСԴǰģҲڻʲıѡ˰ģòײҵ²õĶ
ʲıԨԨıΣնˣҪʮͱһֻܸҧˣŵ㿪ĺˡ
ѩٴȻ̯һֻ֣˲һ鷺ڽ𣺡磬͸ġ
һ£Ҳ
ѩٵ˵ͷ֮ǰ޻˽ʱ򣬾˵Ǹh͵ģ֮ǰʶ㣬ʶˣԵҪġ
ѩСƵһ̲סǵЦ⣺ˣǸлСѩٵĻˡ
˵꣬ӴȡһöƴСĽɫƣʥУΣյ£ƣٻõˣʥ飬̸ȥߡ
ߺѩٽɫģɫģɫŷţˣϲơ
﹧¥⣬Ƭ̺ѩٵݶСҪ𣿡
ѩһһ࣬ײĶǾͼɡ
ڲڿҲǻģֻðûҪ֮λδ׼ֵϳʥ飬ܹǻġ
ݶȻˣѩûݶС԰
һ·ϰݶģڻߵʱǰգǰС¥һΣҲ֮ͼˣصһ򾧣ô࣬Ȳļӽˮʹġ
һڻ԰еѩ٣ߴһǣͨ鱦ݶԽţȻһͣͷһţʶ˫һĹȥ
ÿ˿̫ˣѩٱ˹ݵʱûа㲻ӦֻǿĿк¡
ݶæС֮£ֱ޶⡭
û˵꣬ѩٵͷģ
ݶĶѾ΢΢Щð亹֮ǰ֪ѩݣ»¸֮£ȹ۲ģΪ˳ûһӵܵĽݣҲͣĶԸύֳ£Ǯʯ
仹׵ĺܣŻңֵĻѰһύ
ȻΪЩʹ죬ԭֻ֮£˷ִˣĲδж⣬ֻ࣬һЩ
˷ֵĲ¡
֪Сֵ̬ȣҲֻܽͬѧ֮ǰһ֮̽Խ֪ǷǴͳһԺƽ￴˳ɣҲǲС
Ȱݶ˵ѩֱӵ飬ˣҵô춼ûǵĵǸкá
ݶɫһףСҵֶ֪ˣСдˡҵΡ
ѩٿɲЩǶܶ±˺Ȼ˳űˣʾûǴȣǰ㲻֪ڸģǼյʱӦԣɣȴĴң֪¼¶޿ӣŵǸ飬ǵȺ¡
ݶ˵ȴֱǰһסˣ׹ӣӦ֪еһжԴֵܶ˵ƣҲֲǵ滻¸Сֻȥֳ֮λʴȣСһ棬һȰú룬±ǰθǳ褵֪˻ΰɡ
ڵϵİݶβȵĻ˻ΣջˣͼȣȻҲϣܵСӻ˼С֪ǵƣֻ˰ɵ֮λ㲻
ҪǱǳ褵֪֪˸֮λĸԴȻֻһ˿ƣݶֱ룬⽫ǰ׼Ļ¡
ݶ֪ǳ褶˸֮λǻæǻԴԱˮ¥Ҳұֵ̫ʧ̬±˿ߣͱǳ褸ǰ
֪ݶ޹һҰ׵̱壬ڰ׼ҵþԴ޷츳ãпΪܽ׼ҴŸһ㡣
֮һʵ֤׼Ҳ˵Ķĺô
֮λɶ룬ĽǶµʵ
ʱͻȻ̲סعЩ꣬ʩѹʩİ취ǵһãһЩӲͷģ֪ɣ㲻ٶܣЩΪԺڵĴ;οԲض롣
ְ취Ҳȷ£һЩ֮˵ģԴ˵õ˲棬ʱ֪ѩǰݶͬԺŶ˼ɱʼʩ
˭룬Ҫô¶һ¶ǻپС
ϧٺڣѾˡ
ѧԺЩ²δѩٵռ̫࣬Ӧ˿ѧĿγ̣ѩ֪ÿһ춼пεģֻؼҵҲûС
ÿ첻ǻǻľٶڿտջ̾Ϳѧˣʱ̶ѰԴڳʥǵģһʥ飬Ҳпܴʮ궼δػȥһΡ
޵֮˲˵ĺΪңҲᱻڼǸϣ²;
ڿտ˵⻰ʱѩֳֻƻӦҼҾ;ľͷѽ
ڿտԶԣǿɲǶסĵطɲ;ľͷ
ѩϵǻΣľǾܵۼһƸ߽׵ķԽɾԾȻ;ȴġ
ѧԺΣȻ̾ԺѧʱܽʡԴһƷҪʮʯһʯſշԼƣʡȥ࿪ˡ
ѩ츳Ҳ׺ͣڷƺΪʡ
ڿϣֻʦʽڷֽϻ˳ǾͻˣȻͽ׵ģΪһλĻЩֲڣٻˣܾۼ
ʱѩٵ¾͵˲ٿޣʦ̾츳ѩٱˣȻӦҲСݵԭűֺãɹġ
ҲѩٶԷ˸Ȥտγһ˳ĻҪԨԨ
ΪֱӻΪֻԨԨΪʮڣЩǽڶڳʥǣʲҪƹôһ磬Ҳģǲڣʲæֻûˡ
ѩٱһշһ㲻ʱԨϣʱԨЦֲȻҲпը߽׼Ʒµķõ⣬һ˰ɡ
ѩٰһҲըѽ
ʱԨҩᣬᣬǷȻҲᡣ
ѩٶʱҸҪˣһըô졣
ʱԨЦһȥˡ
ѩٽɰãѿշںãֽһһڷųġˣ֮ǰѧľġÿһŴֿɲǰдġ
һ߷Ŷѩһߵôû½Ⱦѽ
ÿδӳʥǻʱԨʱܿ½Ⱦģû
ʱԨ£ղŻء
ѩŶһñմȾɰշϿʼ̲סֹҺ£ʮǶ
ʱԨԣȾЩЦ⡣
ѩٵǵˣڷ
ȥ𳱣ժȡҲʱޣʱֻһҹ³ᣬĻ¹¿ţȻϤ䣬ժȡʱѾҪȥ̫ȡʱ伫Ϊޣһʱ
һʱҪʿ
ĻȥĻҲһʿֵܵģϴȥ챦ʵ֮٣ÿǧһժȡʱʲôΪʿϾԣôġ
󣬶ȻһȺɽʿս
ҪʿҪץʱժȡ󴣬Ҫű鱦ʱжҲҲ֪
ÿǧһεʱԨȡԼкҪˣһҪȡÿεǲժȡٱǶ١
˲Ӷ࣬ҲûϵժȡģҲֻʹ֮ã˶ÿǧһε˻𳱣ʱԨӡ
αǲ½Ⱦ½ȾɵΪѹΪɽڣҲ˶ʵս飬Щ۸ˡ
½ȾãǼиСһСأһǧֻܽһΣժ׼û۸˵£һҲûν
ñǸ³ûΪɽڵʿԺΪ֣һժȡ
ԭ½ȾţѹƵ̫࣬ǾͷŷˮȡٿţӦǹСԵģڷ⣬ʶ̽ۼڴ˵ĴʱͻȻƳɢȺеļ֮
ûӦС˿ƵķΪС֯·ϸ˿رȫƥ䣬½ȾȻӡ
˵һ˿ǴϢֱܷ
ɽ֮⣬ǵȴŵĻȥʿ½Ⱦʶһɨʮˣʮ˻ǸΪʿЩͼ©ǿֵĸࡣ
Щ˵УĸΪǷͼûǸп񣬹ϪӦҲûΣǿҲ۸ˣ᲻ǲѹΪͲ˵ˡ
˾Ȼ˵ģ˾İԵǲǷ۸ˣϢģװͨʿҲ´ȥ̫
һ˲䣬½ȾͻȻǾ䡮ʱԻ֪Ҫȡ١⻰˼ˣΪҪȡѾɲˣҪܴǼˣ
½ȾɽʿͻȻܵԼɾɢս⣬㾪һֻΪСȡȻսӿ
ɻʱɾǵĴļλڴˣ˶Ҫʹңƶ
ܸ
һ£ɽʿսҲűǹеĲ۾ﶼðһ㡣


57 
¸ִõ䶨粨δƽϢҪǳ褵һһγԼˣͲװ쵽ġ
ҲɴѧСİ취ֱӽкѡóɼ˵
⼸ѧԺֵĲУҪִΪżǸ߽Ϊʿ£ִõΪҲѹסִ߸ɴȣʵ˵
ʵΪĵؽ磬ȿɼ˭ҲִСݺύҲֻǰģ´֪ҲڵϣǵȻʤ㱳ٴҲǿȺڵϹӡ
Ҳһʵ˵Ľ
⼸ѧԺ֮ǰѡʱҪЩŶСĹעˡ
Сƽ׽ˣҲǸʲĴڣԷݸߵֻͬһʥ飬Ҳܿġ
Щ˼ϵģ󲿷˶᱾ĩãΪܰͽСģѩͬһԺϵĵӣܷ̬רԼѧϰǽӴСʱ̬ȹЩǱЩ
Ȼǰ˭ʶڲһڲϿλȥĶٶһЩĿ⣬ѩҲϰˣֻҪЩĿⲻڣӰ첻
Ҫ˵ȫûӰȻҲ̫ܣǰĵ£·ıQΪۼϵĿ⣬Щɲʧظ嶪ˡ
ڿտѩٵĸ̾ûסЦǲ֣˭˵ô˵ˣҶ֪ͱСǻЩΣֻɰ
ѩٲŲҪɰҪԨԨôҪԨԨܵǿԨԨšѩЩݲҪΪһԨԨˣţ䲻
⻰ûڿտ˵ˣ˭Ҳû˵ֻԼô룬ԨԨ֪
ôһ룬ѩ̲ס̽ż⣬һ뵽ԨԨĪġ
ʱ˵ǰ﹫Ѿڴˡ
ѩٿڿտգԼȥһĻᣬҪҪһ𣿡
ڿտҡͷǸﻹеµģԷϵǹɰԵϢ˵ֹܲסԼͣʲôʶҪߵ˵䣬ǸǸһҪˡ
ѩȻǿ󣬼һƵܻԼԺӣѩųŴȥ
һüһЦҲû뵽Сѣһʥ鶼൱ڻ˸ˡ
¸ƹʥķƶȣǳϷ¹ùܣеѧ¸һʥϾ֪֮࣬еȨж
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Ӧ游˵ģ԰ԵɵԱ׷Уֻõ׷õУֻ澳ǰĻʯ˳ƽ̹һͷ
ôţȻɵô˵̽Ŀѩ٣Ҫ˳죬û˻С˳죬˳·߾ˣֵΡ
ѩٴս֣ң
һЦδʥС죬ԵҪ࿴䲻Сˣź÷УҹĤʡвص˸ޡ
ѩٶʱü˵ѽҷҲҪ
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һ·ɵ˶⣬ѩٷֽյƺҪЩǵĳܿŶ١
֪ʲôʱȡһӳҡε򱦸ڶ汦һǰ͵˸УרʥʱڳʥǾģΪľ֡
ʥһεƽڶҲʱʥѡ֮ģʱ˺ͶռˣΪһᣬ򱦸ν汦ȻַǷ
ѩȴûע⵽˵ʲôǿӣֿ˿ǲûбԼ߶ٵģ
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һѪȻˢչѩٵǰݺݵҿӣ
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޿̵ķ˸ۣȻ͵˫ֻأĹĵǰߣһĺĲԽһðӡ
ѩٸں棺ĲÿҲ˵ģҪǲˣҲ˵ˣȻĿͦɵġ
ŭ𣺡㻹˵
ѩס˫˫΢ģ޹ĳգ¡
סĳ嶯һǰߣѩٳŻͷƿ˿ʼ磬Ȼϲɫ·ģƢͦ
ƣȻǴܵģǲһСԱˣûô˹
쵽򱦸ʱ򣬰ѩٴһԺУȻһɫĶ񣺡סϢݣ򱦸֮ϵ䱦ܸ˴̽º׷ɱᱦ
ѩ¶ǵһξȻ֪еĹأֻǺôΣ𣿡
ƲģҪ֪Щ˾ΪͻƻľһöҩһҩͻһΪϰ꣬ǧ꣬˲⶯ɱġ
ѩٵҲǲϲɫһֱڻԨԨǺԼϲɫҲŬϲɫֻǼڶôֲڣʲôûУһڵĲһ㶼ÿⲻ
ҲϢݣⶫҲУֱӴСָȡһ˿ߣú˿˪ĵİɫһСñͷһϢݸǼϸ塣
ȻˣһҲǺСˡ
ѩٻĵȡһɫĶ񣺡һиɫģҪҪ
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ѩټҪԼˣڻͷƣҲеģ֮ǰڱѡǺɫ˵ȻҪЩϢ֮ãɫܲһЩ
ͬĻڣ˶ǺɫΨѩһۡ
ǲ֪˵ʲôˣһ˶СĻˣʱ˵ҪǼɫҲˣֻҰοͻɣСĻҲ
⣬ԺҪȥѰһɫģ
СԺĺųһֱ򱦸ȥ򱦸Ķ񣬼ûжҲݵķһˣҲۡ
ǰ˵ߣ磬һ㶼֣˵ѾˣЩ̬δεıеĶС
һ˵ĴŴ磬ȻݣϹҲܿ˭ΪǵõֱӭѩٵĸǰС簲֪СӽҪЩʲô
򱦸Ҫ鱦ΪֻҪ龧κηҩǸûеģҲ·Ū
鱦辺ģ򱦸鲼磬͵İ¥żͽĿ꣬ҪѰʲôȱرģҪѰˣҪɱˣҪ壬ֻҪ͡
Խ򱦸ģЩ֮ȻҪѯߵͼ
ѩֱӳŰȥ
ԽԼİڶ·˸ۣȡǸӳõһӡ
õæСĽӹȷ򱦸ӡǺæ˫ֵݻ˹
δٽӣĻ֪ԼСӲͷˣæǰ˹
õ߻ص̨ڣҡܿиŮ˹ĹӦδ꣬æЩ̬СӶ԰Ҫ󣿡
ȻûоݣҲǻ˵ȼģȼͬӡҲϸ΢ĲͬΪһ壬Ȼһҵһңǿѡƫðġ
Ȼǵһβμ־ģȻ֮ǰڳʥǣ򱦸ģԵҰЩġ
ˣǧʶһɨҲ̽ҪҰãǱҪ泯İᣬȰɿţҲһµˣЩࡣ
Ůһ˴һţһǱһֱӵſˡ
Ϊʹôѩ٣Ȼϳ¥еĴͻȻ˺ͷˣִ෽㰡
ǸսᣬһȺĶϵĲˮƿͲ󣬺ܿһ֭ȫڷź˺ǽŮӵһƴСİҡһ±ǾһΣ˰нֹܷʿĿ̽
һ°ɡ
ŮӸһ񣬱㹧˳ȥ
ѩԼñӣڿȡ𣿡ô˹ţǺ
ûǴţᾡн磬˵ȰĽֻܷΪʿ棬ҲǿƳģȻ·ĺ٣иһ
ѩֻʵʵĴš
ĻδʼѩǴһᣬֽĿŵϵϣһ𣬱࿴ۡ
һԵĻСҪ
ѩٵ˵ͷҪ
ЦЦСһĹ֭ʽɫϢˡ
ѩٶ豭̽źһڣһζ̵ܲģڶھͲ̫ˣЩ壬ŵһԡ
ǽɹһŽɹֻĴָôһ㣬һűҪһ飬һ˵ҲҪʮŽɹȡĹ֭㾹Ȼ
ѩóԼˮź˺üڣųǹ˵𣺡̫ˡ
ֶˮջĿ⣬аСǸСû
ûһ·ͿʼжˣиŮߵ·̨ϣΣеĽ죬žһӭԵ´ǡ
ѩſڴϣԭˣбжΪʶˣܲڿտǰȴܷһЩǰѩٴǰδŹȻҲˡ
Ҳ⣬ΪСǰڣӷЩ
Ϊһ壬ԶϹʱѳɾ壬ҲԶ壬ͬû֮ˣ游ͬΪѡ֮Ļǻ֮Ͳཻͬ
һֻ׷൱ģҲ齾᲻ģҪŵҪͶ̫ˣףûѣԵ磬Ҳ˾Զ֮ûһĸԸƢĴڡ
ֱʶѩ٣ѩСѩٵΨһЩҲཻݲԵȣҲŲĽǾԶźˡ
ƫƫСӽݣˣɰɰؼûи߸ϵĸˣŸܵƽཻĿ֣ȻҲԸһЩһЩϾѩ˵ҲҪһꡣ
ڿѩٴ󲻵ȥȲúٴƤܳģʱܱѩٸ߳ͷ
һ뵽ѩٽҪͷʱһɢˣ׸ƿǵС˾Щɣ곤ŵġ
ѩȻ֪·̣û·ľĿĽζ
ֱ̨ϵŮһľУľӦн磬ǴˣҲŲĹ㣬װĹӦúܶ˶ʶ¥϶·δڰֻڵĿ̨֮
Ůӽľеѩæ˼ֿ˹ȥǸѽͦóԵġ
֪
ѩ٣Ȼʲ֮ǰ˵ģǻĻһǧֻժȡһΣֻһ
һЦһҡһе
ѩٿ˿תͷ̨£̨µŮʶɨȫκһδһڲۣ˿̼۸ʮ龧߿ţʮ龧°˶ʮ򣬻ûмӼ۵ģ
ŮæϫĹͳʮһǷмӼ۵ġ
̸ҡ죬ŮӼʢ˪Ĺͳ۶ʮ߿űһʿ˵֮ǴҪٵǧ꣡°Ĺͳ۶ʮ򣡡
ѩٵĸ᣿
ʢ˪ոսǰгƿһۡ
ѩŶһǾۣһٶʮ龧߿󴡣
һٶ龧һñݣڰļǮ׵ã츳˲
߽˹һԵĻ龧ǱӣѩĴ˹ȥ
ǷɫģСʮȭͷ󣬽ľеĽ磬ѩٲŵһƺűѩϢζʱڵĻ󴾹ȻǱѩζġ
ЦŵҪΪΰһٶ龧¸߽׵ˣҲãһ죬Ǽ۸Ҫһһ
ѩ⣺ΪʲôһȻô
֮ǰ˵һǰˣȻ嵽оĵ鱦ƳɲᣬܻЩѹ׵ĶҲҪһЩģ󴣬һǧŽһιǰǷĻѾˣ߽ʿǰժ򱦸ѡʱ󴣬ܱ׬һǧǰĿ棬½һЩΪ˲ֻ̫࣬һĿ⡣
ѩһһߵͷȻأ
ЦȻժȡΪ˳Ҳ򱦸û뵽ģǰ򱦸ʮɽʿժϰӦûģȴεĸĶ࣬սǲң˵ˣûһ֮δ֪Ѿ£ʱ򳷻أ򱦸аֻӲͷƤų߿ġ
һЩһ֪ϢδŸժȡϣϢͨһʱ˽Ǳߵ㱨˹ҽҲҪЩ
ѩٵҲȥժ˶ٿŰ
ȻȥˣժҲ࣬Ӧеġ
ûһȡռū˵ľ飬һ֧˵ӦҲժöʮţȴջҵҲãһյϢĵ߿ţҲΪӯһЩ档
ҶֻţҲ֪ʲժ˶ٿţԨԨ֪ԨԨûȥ
Ű߿󴣬ѩתͷƣ֣ҪǻʲժҲ࣬Ժٰϴرġ
һǼⲻƵɬ
ѩ˵ֳͲЩˣҪǻʲж󴣬һԳζ
һЦ˳ȻС˱ˣΪҪСΪƴ㣬ԼҪСͬҲΪ㡣
ҪСãҲͷϰǧС飬ȻΪûҪ»˱еꡣ


58 
˿̵ķ򣬱Ϊʮþ֮£ȴ뾹һǿߡ
ʮߵȻ֪˴˵ģȻ֮ǰǸ²δͬ壬ϢģҲиӦ
ѹΪЩ۸ˣȻ֣һȡһŹӡ
Ǵƾ£û뵽Ȼɱһǿߣʮߺᣬǳ嶯ԵսʱѪͷﻹܵӾժ˭ʹսǽи졣
ֱԵ˴Ľп಻ͬΪɽʿΪβ֮
ֿܵĻǰȡģһһǿߣͬҲǿ֣֮ҲڷָףǲһƤѹΪɽˡ
ֻһǿҲˣٿԵЩ岨ǿĶ֣ǿƴһս֮һս֮ѣܲǽҪʲô£棿
ôһ룬ֻǾЩȫͺõʿԽ֣̼óѹ׵Ĵɱ֮
رıֵƴȡҲ֪Ϊ£ȻǿʿᣬԽвöȡЩΪա
½Ⱦժ;̲ס˿뵱ǶɽʿʱĶҲû͵ģָԵЩˣǼͷֱˣڼ˶ĬĲδϣǴˣﻹժĿ࣬ɲͱ˱ˡ
½ȾԼһֱûܳ񣬻ˣͬΪģҪŶ˼ʵս飬㶼Ҫ򲻹ˣЩɽʿպǸ£
ڵǲһ㴭ˣǰ˲ǰܣգ۶Ҫˡ
½Ⱦȫû˻ƴɱȫǱȺµĸ̼ˣôǿȫˣǼҲôǿӳֿ׼ˣ໥̼֮£ȻԽԽ
ڶɽٴԲΪʿȫڱ߽ϵ԰ѵãСҪˡ
ЩѾۼûϣģһ˳ս֣ȻżŻ㱨Ϣ꾺ңʵսȦȥ
£һҲժսʮߺҲȥһѪ໥һֱۣһ˲ʧԭء
½ȾʣļλڿһۣҲһִ˴˵ء
˹ԼѪ齣īͤƽϳһЦҲһʧʡ
īͤһ£ɱ֮δɢȥӿſµĽ⣬ֱ˺޲˱Զ롣
һսĳɹ뿪
ս׵ɱ뿪˲ٴһѷĳȥĻǧһˣ֮⣬Ϫ˵ûᵮһЩǧʯҵһţôҲֲûʧ
ʣЩĻ鱦ȻںҪѩٰԹӣǶûȤ
볯ʥǲԶȻҲеģǰͻ˳ʥǣֱ˲ƻһɢȥϵαװʮǻ񣬷ɻ󣺡Ϊνǿô࣬ҪԳȥδ١
źƽݺͨﾡȥԷʱԨˡ
΢΢üϳˣ
죺һǰʱԨߵ½Ⱦɾֿɷ˶һЩʽмϤ
ʮ߶ʱգøʱԨû뵽ȻȡҲ̫Ļˣ
īͤ޸һۣҲһ˵ˣԼǣ
ʮ߶ʱǣԼҲѹΪȥ۸˵ģһǧһΣǰÿҲǻȥȡ֮˾ǵʹˣû档
ôСܲԸӶίĳԲŰɣһ뵽еѩûУʮ߾ܲί
ʲôҪô
̵Լջ񣬳ʵժ˶٣
ʮ߻˻רװĴ࣬İš
һЩİ١ܴ̫ˬˣһժӡ
쿴īͤأ
īͤʮš
ЦЦջ㲻߰ٿţѩٰԣЩҲ㹻ǧˡ
ʮߣǧﹻӦҲȥɣϧûϳӦҲˣҲ֪ȡ˶ٿš
뵽֮ǰʱʵǿ֮ڿܿǣӦʵˣЦŵǲ١Ͼˣ˴󣬿ժժͷ̧ء
һߣص½ȾһƨʱԨĸǰһţҺҴһͬǰ֪ȻǰջӦҲˡ
ʱԨʶһ̽漴ʧЦһҲǧţһ˱ȡǧ࣬Ǽηºûˡ
½Ⱦǲʲô⣺꣬ûʲôÿȥȡҲԵȡȡ߿űνˣʱ󴱻ҺŰĻҲ㹻ˣһΣǻɣ
ֲǴδ㲻µģǧСҲˣϲԣʱСԼȥȡˣСôСԵǻܲˣ
ЩҴŲͬǲ񣬽һЩɢ޼һ߽߱ǽǶϣܲȡ࣬ǵˣժ㻹׼ˣ
ʱԨһ֣½Ⱦȡйȥһϲġ
½ȾæͲҴǣȥˣ
˵һ˲ʧԭأһ͸ı⣬ɲС˽⣬Ҫʲô־ãһϲģʹͿɲС
򱦸ѩٿĽζȻԨԨʲʮ壬˽ֱУҲûеĳ̶ȣξĻᣬǼʶ˲١
һǹǱ£ѩٿһƿƴСƿƿ͸ɫܿ治֪Һ廹壬ȻǺһҫѤãʤա
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ѩٶʱȤԻĶ
ɰӵ֮һЩϵ鵤֮Ȼ°빦
ѩ٣ǳĻǲģһôࡣ
ЦȻǲΪᣬ֮ϡȱ䣬ɰҲΪȤͲˣٿģЩʱȡ֮ȴò˶ã֮ãֽסˣʦʦСд͹ˣԾܴѵãҪһ󣬲ҪǧٽﶼǶࡣ
˵ʱ䣬·ĽмѾʮ龧ʮ龧֮ƺû˾ˣŮӿҪ֮ʱѩæҡҡ
Ůӵһּͣʢ˪Ĺͳʮһ龧
ѩ٣Ҫ
ѩٵҼһˣȻõϣҾһԺҪأһҲˣҲ󡣡
ǿɲ־һС˵ʮʲô
иڸѩپۣͷѩʮ龧ɰ
ž֮ӣѩٽݸ˷ơ
û뵽ĿóæԴƬ̣ˣҪƤӡӡǣȥȡ
ɰºһﱻΪ嶾ȡħЫ嶾ڹƣļǧ龧
ѩæҡҡ
Ҫкã
ѩ٣ѽ˵
ƶġ
ѩٵ֪ѽԲˣԱѽҲԺ󻨳Ҳõϵģ԰ɣ
ԵͷС˵õϣȻõϡ
ȻȰϲֲǶĶ
һȻͣˣģѩϲʶòõϣģֻмԷʵǽҧȻҪѩٲŻ֡
ǰ̾ĵĶǸַѩûȤУҪЩʲô涼ǸҩƵĲϣˣǾһЩɡ
ֱЩĶˣֵҩˣѩͣ֡
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ʿУҲ룬ȵҩļ۾ʮ龧ۼҲ龧֪һŵҩж
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ЦҪǵСҪɾ͵ٻҪǧ
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һžҪĵҩ£ѩٽ°͸ڴ̨ϿֵľԭܻӭľȻǵҩ
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Ȼܹ˶ĺܼң᳡ķΧͿ˵ĸоѩɺ侲Щҩ˵Ҳûʲôã󲻴ȤȻҲ
ǰǰδֱ֣ҩʼ֣һŵҩ۸ȴѾֵϸղµʮˡ
ŰЩҩպãѩٵҪЩʲôǲÿĵҩ𣿡
һЩҩò˿пޣ嶼ҪЩҩñţϾϵȵպΪͻ֮ʱõõʱѰҵʦƣڶһЩ
ûȾĽʹѩ뿪ˣѹ׵ıһ׵ķ£һ񼶵һľ˵ô󣬲Щ뿪ȾĽ˼ףΪҲΪɽڣ⡣
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ص֮ǰǸСԺǲŽѩ٣ǸһѧԺǻ
ѩٵҪģʮղŸҴҽ߳š
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ѩ˶䣬¸찡⼸쾡¸£¸ĸѡô״ء
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ʥһƬ統Уûе׷߸ӹʥӵƣȥʥ顣
һߵΪһǧ߰ʮ״ʥ¸ǳ褣һԺһ
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û˳ӽȥὣ磬ȻסһʥԺĽ磬ô׾ȥģ齣һ㲨δ
ӲģٴȥΪһǧ߰ʮ״ʥ¸ǳ褣һԺһ
ѩٴӵϷ꣺Ҫ״ǳ褣
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ʱԨһ½Ⱦ°ĲȥͰɡ
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½ȾҲҼˣźòеıˡ
ʱԨЦһѽƱҪնݳȻǳãǾѩеļǹҡ
ɨѩеĶ⣬ֻὫѩĹ棬вĶ⣬Ȼ


59 
ǳȻǰθͬʱҲʥĵӣ£ε¸ȻȨҪǽȨУܶﶼδ壬λŹ³ʥſͼƽʱִõ͵һʱ˹ȥˡ
ڿŹ±С˻ͷٶ¶Ҫµģǵ֪״ǳ褣һ˵ԳװγԷĻᣬȻҪס
¸µĸѩҲҪǿͷӣҲͲ·λԹۡ
ҲȤѩԱߵλӣҲԹ
ҵŹվ¸Ĵģ֪ʥ¸Ȼ˸еϣ˼֣ʱҲȷ
ǰʱϸ۳ңҸ׿Ϊ̸۳ǳ커ɱޣʵǿвУֻ˾
ѩɻĻͷŻһۣѩٶߵǳضһ˾˾˾̨˾Ҫسǳس飬Ϲΰһг˵ļ֮£ϱ˾߻ᰴĵȼСš
ҵŹ¼ܿ쵱ʱʥ¸ǳ褴ޣʵȵɵʥ֮ڱҸΪȻʱУǳ褾Ͳһ˿Ϣ״һʡ
ʱֳʱҵһʱںϵĹؼʱڣҸ֪ȱ˵죬˱δϸֻ֪˵𹦷Ҹԭţδںϣ˵ûѾںϣΪʥ¸ɱ˶ᱦ֮¡
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һҹպ죬޴ɶ㣬ɶ޺лвǳ褾һƬɱеƣֳںбֹɣһߣǳ褷һѪȡ𣬸ǽʬֱӻΪѪˮ
ܵһһѵõĻԵֳ֪ʵҪ𲢷£ʱѾк̸۳޹ֳںһǿһޡ
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Ŀߺʵѵģ
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ֳвȱģһԭʮ˰𣬵ȱһֳ꣬ǰչʾıԴģɽǳ褺һ֪̽٣
ѩٲ˵Ļȷ˵ˣıԴģǲܱ֪ģǻδշҲиֲͬԱģʱһƬҶӣʱһŲ۵ʯͷԲ
շںǻֱӻĹĶ䣬ԲԱԴʾˣ֪ԴģȻշδں֮ǰ
⿵ȻΪˣôлǳ褵
Ȼһȫ˵ǳΪҲôһԱĵطҪǳ˵жα
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ѩֵٰǵǲãǣֻԾƣ֮ǰ֪һ壬ðĪҪǡ
һһŷӦ⣬ҲǷֺܶģһ壬Ĵڣǿʳʵܵһž죬Լ뷽跨Ƴɷ˵ģֻҪѪף飬ԼҲղؼŵġ
ѩٻ治ֻ֪ǿ֮Ȼ᲻ȻΪҲû뵽֧࣬Ѫ⡣
ѩ׼ڣ·ӹվ¿ȥΪӣ
֪һЩӦսǿ񡣡
ѩٻδǿսȻܸȤкŻͷƣҲȥ
æϲ׷ȥСȵң֣вĵ


61 
ٰ񱮲ʥɫÿһŶƵǿ߶ֵñԼһЩȨġ
ʥİٰԴԺϵȣʥܹٶԺϵԺϵ֮ҲҪԴģԻһЩԺϵȣջԼѧҲǼʶһ˵ûоȻûн
ԺϵУѡǰǿߣЩǸԺϵǿһˣϸһЩȨ˰ٰ񱮡
ڵİٰ񱮲ǴԺϵѡһսȻ滻
ΪͬʵȻҲ֮ܲðǿ񶼱ɽʿռݣ˰ٰҲΪĻ֣żǻڡ
ڣڣڣڣǶɽڣÿһΪΪڴԲڣ֮һײҲһǵǿߣԽս˻ֲôϸ¡
ż֣ԪӤΪսʿҲǿԵģΪֻǸǳĻ֣ʵǵһ
Ϊռݶʮ붥ڰ֮˵Σɷսÿսɲ޴սȴΪһΡ
ѩһԵĹ˵ŰǿϵĹʱ̲סҪҪסԼΣԼսԼȻԼѽ
̲סСǸС
ЦҪӣȻǿԣҲǿˣΪֻᱻ˲ݣҽսߣʲôǿߡ
ѩٿǱӣ̨ܿǱ߾˳ŻͷǱߡ
ߵ֪˭һСˣѩٶʱͣ˲ӡ
ͣ˲ӣԭæµֵҲǱͣ׷Ťͷ˹
ѩٻСԱߵǲҪ¹ȷΪ𣬵ҲǻȨͳΣǰҲû壬һҲ֪ǲӦҪ
ѩٻһȦȻԨԨƶ˹ȥϰˣʥѧź澱Ͼ̫һ
Ǳ˴ĸ¹ˣֱô˿ţѩæһСһֱСظһ̶̬ͦҾ֣⡣
⻰˼ǲˣ˶ʱ˼֣𿴹ٰܰ񱮺ͱȶ̨令ǰСҪȶĻȥۿ̨
ѩ˳令ָߵ˹ۿ̨ϣۿ̨һдͱȶʱĵطûгϵʱطҲģСȻǿԵġ
ۿ̨ҰȻǼõģȫһֱѩĹСȻλӲһҰҲͬվø߾ǿԶ
ѩ令û뿪˵һվţԺ·ȶܱȶ̨н磬һСЩû
սѾ̨ϣս˻ûѾΧ·öյϢҲ½½ˣĦ˱ȶҲ洦
Щզզۿ̨ϾȻ˸СʹֵѯʳˣҺñ֪ס֪СС
֮ǰСֳĶ󣬵ԺԺϵк棬ҲǲרȥԺΧۣҪǺû㷴ŭСǲǵòʧ
ڼСԺг֣ʲôĶʱҪˣС˵Ǵ˵еĴڣ壬ǶҲǼ壬һ꣬ûֱӳǰˡ
ϧյСǣҪܿСǣǾ͸ˣ
Ϊǲ͵ѩ⼸ԺѾϰˣӲһ̿ʼ˽ʲôΧ۵׼˵ҲЩҪĿ⡣
һٳδѩٵս˭ǲˣôû
ղŸѩһ֪Ҳֻ࣬һ䣺վġ
վ·令֪Եսڰ񱮵ľա
һվѩٵĶ֧ˣҲ֮ǰ»¸鱦Щ£滻Щ£ҲԴ»¸ˡ
СƵľйע𣿡
ǰʱ任ûüעң쵹ˣҲһʱûûƿ϶˵ģ˵֪Сߵһء
ҡҡͷδע
һҲû㣿
ҡͷ
ЦһĳǲأҲǲ룬ǿϣһֱй
ѩһֳԴϵⶼ΢΢һߣ㶼ĵҪǷˣô
ѩ·Ŀθŵǣ
Եһѩٶ뿪ˣǸղˡ
ѩûգ»¸˵˵Ǿҵĵϵ֮ǰƵӵܼ˶Ҫүġ
һӵ֮һ¶˵ǷݣüʸһҵţԷսҲûа㲻䣬ºͼ̬ȴ󷽡
Χڶ̬࣬ǴݲȣȺõķ²Ƭ̣Ѽ¡
սյıǷͬΪҲʿǽǴ˽˽ƽһΣ֮˽徫Ӣƣʥûˡ
廹壬ֻҪ꣬ʲôΪ츳¼ȡ
Ҳãٹ꣬Ҫʥˣø˻ᣬ磬츳׿ʥ顣
ڰٰϣΪղһΪ֣ÿһ׶Ϊֻ¼ǰʮڵʮ
սҲûԭģϰٰ񱮣ܰȨսͬΪһȻȫֻʥ飬ҽ˳
֮ҲǾգ֮ǰδա
˽ģ˽壬һ֮Ϊ֧ţ磬һСҶδرȵϡ˽磬ʯĶҴźͻ壬һʿһ鶼ѡ
ЩƫԶĵԪӤΪѾ̶߳ˣһ֪߳еɣɵ
ǴСطģҪ츳ˣԴϡȱĵطҪǰͻôܣʣѾÿˡ
ΪǴСطòһöʯ̣Դܣʥ飬㱻˵۸
ʥôһѧԺڶ࣬ȻศಸʥԴȻҪø
ʥ飬Ҳһеģʥ鵱ҩ԰֮ˣǸԺѧЩʥʲͬҲŵܻܵʵĵط
ղʱĵһ䣬ǶСڰԵźǾӵ۸˼ģռ˽ϳԹŻнһս
ѩɻ󣺡
һԵĻÿʥᱻһƬҩ԰ֲ׻߻ҩȻջһɣϽ䵱ѧԺԴ
ѩٵһ˵ҩ԰ΪʲôûУ
Ȼ˾޸ʱ˳㽫ҩ԰һˣ޸ôۣСϱСܹܾдˡ
ȻͨףֻǱ˽ͨҪྫһδǰ붼ǽʳ׵伢
ϵȵףҲԶоճʳУûһѡСҪǵȻҲһɣȫѧԺ׵㣬ҲǵĻ֡
ǿԵѧԺģѧԺԿɻǮ·
С£ҲʹˣջһƬջҲûţСŴͷģС֪Ҳ
ѩٵҵǺܻˡ
۸ԼѪԵˣ۸մ½ˣղŻտҲûôûÿϢҲôᣬû뵽ȻǸ۸ƵľңúÿҲʲôˣ
ѩٵִò𣿡Ÿջִð
һȻͷƸһЩϾոСЩСȻҲûп֮£̫Ҳ
ҲִܹòܣЩС¶˵ķӣ֤ݣЩ˳˿û취ȥ״棬ִôܡ
ʥ֮ǰѩٶ˽Щޱ岢ûһ̫֪֪Դ׾ʱܿൽʲô̶ȣΪûмȻ󲻳
ֱԺһ
ԭһƵϣûûԣȻɫףȴҲǹžɣֱѧԺͳһԺ
κҲûƷΪû飬ʯֻ飬Ŀż¼ţ轣һԸһͬȻš
δΣκ¶󷽷ģ˿һЩɫ۹⡣
Ժѧͺ٣ԺҲ˶ѣѩûмʲôռ˲۸֮·ҪǻǸѾôˣٱռԽù
룬ѩ˼䣬ȻѯʵĿ
ʲôС˾ͺá
˵̨꣬໥׼ʼǰǰһλԵȡ
Ǵӿ̨ϴģȻȻĸͣǷǾգ֪СǶֻãԼСӦǲʲôģСҲֶֻѡ
뿴ǾͿˣȻսǾͲ±˿
ǿŲԼǱ߶࿴һۣȻ֪վСߵĻ˭ƴδйӴǵϵǷ֧Ů֮ӣԶƵĸĸһңΪϵ֪ܲҲ֪ѡ
С¶ǰӵС»¸֮£Ҳ֪ģʱΪǼµԵʣʥľӵѾʼż
Ͼ˭С
۷ǰΣĸĸֽ度ΣСĻǾǲõĴڣѾ˱С׼
ͣȻǸӣ̬ɴݣġ
۾գҲһ۾ջĿ⣬תС˵һοʽıȶʥ鲻ãսٰ񱮣ӮȾֵѧϰսʤСǧö龧Ϊء
ָյ˵ǸӮǾգ龧ȻҲͲˣѩٲŲ龧أһʯ
ԭȺ˲Сֿˣǧö龧ǿ龧Ҳ̫ˣ治塣
Щ˰գЩҲмƻսٰ񱮵ģһǳܰܶǧö龧һá
ϧû֪ҲǷʱ˰ɣƫƫʱƫƫֵС
Ļսӿķ˫һмҵҲЩʯʯŴӮģһֱδΪԱʱ֮衣
ȻԺ֪ԭʯֻĻңǽǸģһʯҲֻǸѡ
Ҫ̫ˣֱ˻ûȥȡ׬ȡǮƵʱ޿̵սٰ񱮣ͷ
۸徫Ӣ޸֮ǰǲԸǳͷ֮Ȼʵȡ
Ӯⳡսǧö龧˵ĿǰܵõһʲƸ
ԭӮãӮˣҲûʲôʧչʵҲǰԺһٿĸ̣ȻЩӵڱʹ
ڣһҪӮͶˣԣԼĵ
ſ̨һ֣¶Сڣ
һ˵꣬תžյ룡
һתһ齣Уȴǳֿȭӭȥʯû飬ȥһȻǿʵⲫ
ѩٿǸֿȭӭȥʱһͼ˫һֱӻûһֻ޴ƣϿ̸ƴ󵽼ֱҪȶ̨Ľȥһ㡣
ѩ΢С죬Ŀת
ǾϰǿʵȻҲǲСֱһ죬޴ӽӿǴƸ
ȻֵѹʱҲδһԿţǴӲͬʱ˹ȥǼ¡
յֵĻУģ·Χ۵һЩŮ޺εĿޣڷģȻҲģľգǲһЩ̫ϵŮ޵ùעࡣ
̨µʿĿͶעĸЩԪʥҲһѧȶƵıܼ֮ѪڣܾտỺʽҲͬɱڣֱ۸ǷľпʹЩ
̨תۼѾУҺн磬Ǿ޴ײ罫ȶΪƽˡ
ѩ̲סѹʥ鲻ѧ˽¶䣬ҪڱĵطɱҲ̫ˡ
С˭Ӯ
ѩٿ϶ǿģԼʥĲŸ𲽣壬ܿóʿеӮǵһϣǸӮ
ʥǸڰǿϵľգҪˣľﻹŵ۸ˡ
˫м֣ͬҲأϾսһսܣҪ֡
ֱҹĻڣ䡣
䣬ҲǷ棬ΪĹɫЩ԰֮⣬ϵǿ̫İ࣬ǷϵԺм𣬻ѪͬΪĹɫ԰ף˫ս⻹δˣҪǾպͣټ
һ䣬һȻٴȥ令ǰ硣
ճ令лֳŷϲ
Ѫսƽü㻹
ЦЦԼƺ⣬͸һѣĽһǻ䣬Ȼ䣬ֺαսǱ
⣬˫ս²ǲݣҲʹȫΣ˭֪ء
ٴγ֣ȥ
令ǰ÷óƣȻ󽫵ƳŰٰһףһУյֽȥȡ֮Ķλ
ǰ˫ֽһٱȥϲѡ
ٱǵͽ׵Ĵʶܲٿ߱á
æӹתͷ׼СлȴֻС뿪ıӰŵлС
ЦЦС˵һսܾʣѽ;˳죬һɳ졣
ٴεл뿪ŵͷİٱǧö龧ԵǼʱ꣬ʥ飬ھٲά衣
ٻõһЩţЩ壬߸Ͽȡ֣ⷬԱȣȣС
зǳлȵСӱ˹żæŵȡкźĻҪˣʮ嶼˺üң˵ٲȥҪץ
СˣֵĹҲĻ޸󣬽Ÿ̤ԼԺӣͱס˶䣬һŭСӽǲ͵ҵİlˣĴѶʳģ
ŴԼҳоȻض䣬һ󣬱һߴһͬڵĺȥİlСԵģҸʲôбȥСѽ
ϵԲ۾˵ظһͦǳײϵĲӳǰ߹ȻǺó


62 
ŵһصѩپͿ˫ֱվͥԺɫƶʮߣѩٺٺһЦֱſ˫ִӵ
ʮæչѩ˹һѱ˻УȻⶼʲôʱˣѧգͿʼֲ˼ͼҹˣ
ѩæսٰ񱮣Ҿȥ˼Ҵܴ˺þãҶȥˣҲ˼ûߵѽ
ʮ΢ĩΪĴʲôÿģ뿴īͤȥһ㿴
ѩҡͷǲеģҪǴô졣
ʮߣƤ˲š˵һ֣һԳ
ʮ߻бѩ٣ƵȥϴȥԻΪ㻤
ѩҪʮߵҲҪȥ
ʮһĶҪȥĶȥлΪһϴٱһ˵û˳ͻƣͻƻ٣ڣٻӰ졣
ѩ̲ˣӰ죿Ϊʲô
ʮںߵǿڣ˵ӦΪҪɽ٣ǽ¸µ׽٣Ҫǰ⻤ˣҪˡ
ѩæ§סʮߵĲӣҡͷҲȥˡ
ڵķĺƣľȻ⻰ҲֻƫƫŸѧСˣٹЩʱգ¾ûôƭˡ
ˣ˾ڣ֪СǲҪԼģǸɴһȥΪһ¡
ΪҪﷱϴҲ֪ʱã֮ǰѩپ͸ʱԨ˵˽Ҳвٵ·ЩԺƶᴩģǵôӦ˹һ·ģѩȻԼ޵·
ʮ߸ö˶˵Ϊ·
ò˭ƭ̰ɣһ·ֵʲôǱƭģǾͲУ
ѩٵҳԶˣ壬кöණģȻ˵⡣
ʮߣͼ·һ£
ѩٴ¹淭ѽ
ʮЦһԺҪȥ٣绹磬˽磬Ϊ֮ǵҸ˵ǸŮôܹΪŮ䵥ԱʵҲᱻһЩ޲ɱƳ£ʵѪһǴ󲹡
ҲὫΪ飬ǣԽβǷ䱦֮ҪƽЩЩ·˭Ҵá
ѩٻͷʮߣûϵѰ
ǿʳĵȻ֪ģϿʱһֱǿ㣬ȻΪЩ䱦֮ǱĹѪ鵤ͲãȻѣ໥֮עЩҲǶ°
ѩ˵·һǳһ̣ʮ壬ļʺ壿
ʮһָǸɫģ
ѩٿ˿Ϊʲô
ʮߣˮϲ̡
ѩŶһǼǳɫĸ˻ȥɫʽǿԱõģҪ
ѩԭҪ·һЩܲץһ˰ɣ·Ϲ˿ȫסֻĿʮߣʮ塭
ʮһû취С¶벻ҵĵǰˣ·
ʮ¾ͽ·룬ѩæƣʮ
ʮߵһͷǣ
֪ѩٻĹϪյſڣһ׷һģɫʱùŹ˼֣·ˣƫƫʮ߻ˣʮڴ̣ѩڴ壿
ŵϤϢѩһŤͷЦۣϪ壡
Ϫ˽һֽѩٷ·ȫ¹λǴ󵽺üټ³գۼˡ
ѩٴһϪ
ʮ߰һĻϪȻǲģᡣ
ϪЦһͷ
ѩٵҪѡ
ϪҲûΪʲôҪ·ѣȻ֪Ǳѩжټ·ߣټɫĻеģѩ֮ǰǱ߸Ϲ£Σൽ³а޵֮ˣͳȥȻν
Ϫѩһ֣ʲڵˡ
ѩȻ˹ȥԼСצצŵ˹Ϫģʲôѽ
Ϫǣߣȥ˾֪ˡ
˲δȥһǴʱʸպڴϲŻȥԼ£ͺ԰ˡ
һǹʾͳѩ֣ѩæСܹȥʲ
ָָ϶ѷŵһѽУЩǸġ
ѩٺĿ˹ȥҵģΪʲôҪң
ʵ㻹ǲǵ񣿡
ѩĵɴ۾ҵ棿ΪǸǳ𣿡
ʣȻ˻ûԼãϸø񡣡
ȻǸǳԼҲǾȡǳ褺ᱻ֮Ҳһϵģ治ֹûдСϵģ
ʮһӣЩƿ˸ӣһһ̽׶ʥɽڣںأѪףڤöноѪݾ
ʮһʱѩٻĺëըˣΪжУΪıһŴԼƵĵҩ
ҩ֣ССһȴԴӨһ㣬ô飬ôȴһ㵤㶼ûŵǿŵҩҲһۿʱǿҪԵ
ʮǵҩֵʱѩٲľȻѪݣѵôԼԼ𣿣
ʮ߿ֽǿŵҩ˹ж棬Ҳϲˡ
ĶҲ˵ãһչʾҲ˷µٲҲһֻЩڵѩ˵òϣԺǷҲһԶŵҩ
ʮŵҩιѩٵߣԳԿһţܲһ˿ѪֱӳѪЧøһЩ
ѩܿԣɲҳԣܾó˾ԼԼˡ
ϪһùǵҩӸˣѩٲŶ󣬵ĽͷˣⵤҩѩٵһƤٳԣι
ѪﵹǸЩƳɳƷҩȴûУĵþеڣϴ󲿷ֵĵҩƣѪݾȴס
һǿܸѪ֮ȻСˣһѪϡ٣Ƶĵʦ࣬ҪǿѹסѪǿҪõҲΨߵˡ
ԭһǲǰݷ󵤣ΪѩٱϼţΪѩڻСۻЩʱգûż
һҪƤΣһȥϸۣۺ󽫻᳤ģһ۾ܳɳڼľ޴ޱȣﲹǻӰ
ڶ۱ǳ֮ʱȥ۵᳤ۣ޼᲻ݵĻףҲ꣬УҪ˵ĺӣһܶһĳ
ȵۣĳ󣬵۲ûһԵʱޣЩüǧ궼¶Ȳֻۣг֮ʱһ׳֮ʱ
ѩٲЩ۶ھᣬҪҪҩȻŲ㣬ĺ԰һôһġ
û࿴ۣϪֱӽǵҩȻ֪ѪݾС̵ǲ࿴ĺãǾѩдá
һҹѩ˯ļѣȥӶǿŵҩ˯ű̲סóӰãǱߺܿ͸ֳʱԨӰ
ѩڴϱžӣԨԨ
ʱԨǱߵı޵УӣʱԨϴ·ƺɫµϣڳУѩٴս˿ԨԨô
ʱԨӰգɫԭüۣ֪¹ûһӰȻԵú˼֣ô˯
ѩ٣ϴȥˣûҽ컹յǸһѪݾ
ǱߵʱԨƺЦһ£ԣ
ѩٳʵĵ˵ͷ롣
ʱԨٴЩܳˡ
ѩſڴϣֱϿӰԨԨ˵ҪԼԼҪ𣿺ҪԺ𣿲ݾҪԲ𣿡
ʱԨ˵ǺпˣȻ֪Сӵһ쵽Щʲô߰ģѩˣпյҲĸ˻ӦҪΪѻΣҪҪкԺ꣬ݾԲݣʵ
ѩٶʱɴ۾Ϊʲô
ʱԨκֶпͱǿԣУȻûбȳԱԴĸˣҳɹκ޷εģ³ͬԴȴǲͬĴˣֲ߽ὫͽΪͬԴ֮ֻҪһζ׷ͬԴɶϹȥȡеҲô˵𣿡
ѩ˼һס
ôҪѪݾҲİɡ
ѩʱԨ˵˺һյÿһóչʾһ飬߶߶ֹ֪Ƶϴôˣ˵˵ţͰԼ˵˯ˡ
ʱԨ˯С΢ŵģЦʲô׽ٴֹҲֻʮ˵óˣƫѩСɵϻˣǺΣԺҪʶٱʮʲôš
ڶһ磬ѩһ۾Ϳ˺Ļͷƣϲǻ
СˣŽȥѩŷƿһȦ˾ϢøӻˣҲûı仯ͻϴ˳𣿡
Ƶͷ˳ͻƽ𵤣Ҳϴȥ˽ˮһֻ
ѩٿĵǾ̫ˣΪףͻƣȥɿ;ӳԷϴǸ鶳رóԣͻûԵθһ˳һ
ϲƣۣ
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СΪϲõģһԸֺߴߴɵĻͻȻãĲãȵľá
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ڿտ˵꿴ƣǲȷִЩϲͻˣ
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ŷƵıӰһ̾ˣѾܺˡ


63 
ŷƵתѩɻգһ۾𣿶ң
һԵڿտ°͵ôպЩ塣
Ǹӣܼʱ˵ܱȫ
Ҿ˵˵ȫǱһЩ۵ġ
Ǵ»¸֮ڿտרȥ˵ǿþӶ˷ݣһЩ֧ͬɾͲôˣЩҵѪңҲžҵͷΪš
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ұңǲСѧԺ﷢չһЩСǴ´ģټһ˰ٰ񱮵ľΪƣȻĸӹ
ʸ߶˾ˣܶȼߣԾ̣޼ɣǱʹռĲ֮£Ѿǳ̬ˡ
ÿһЩԺϵӣٻһЩѣЩ˻ЩǮͨС˱˫԰ãЩ׾ƢǲȻЩ˽δܴıȡСձǽ˴
оҵľڰٰϹͷûи̵ˣ˭ָ׵
ǵȱǴСطƴɱϴһҰݾʿڶЩ͸ʥڸҲͰˡ
ЩûִֹⷴԸģٲûиѡ
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˵ܹҳȥԼԣҲδǻ£ԺûԴ֧ţֻҪԼͬƴһͨ
ڿտ⻰϶еģѩȴ뷨̫һ
ⲻ𣿡
ǲܷԼ˵ģһ̲ӣǾͺݺĽЩ֦øȫˣ˽ǵģ˻ڣ˿ѿһ졣
ΪԴбϵܳΪʥӵ̣ܵǶȻҲԵȨܲԼˣҲ㡣
ڿտգľ̫ˣ׸࣬һң൱һСԶϳѾܲˡ
ҡԴܿһмʱǱ˵λȻʱֻҪڣҾͻڡ
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˵ҪԺƾԼʵȥڷƲŸսᵤȿԴȥʱҪþãѩٲδٶԾյͶԹעǿڿտպ͹ԺҪȥɿ;ӸףᵤҪҪһ𣿡
ȻͷڿտձͲɿ;ӵʳˣܸС׽ȻҲ֮õģǻֵ룡˭Ҫ
ڿտЦŵ֮ǰǽмҵС㻹Ǯͣ
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յĿΣֻһǣҪȽƵĲʣ̶Գѧ˵ľͲᣬԵһȽ̴ϡ
һεĿҪŴõĲϽƣһƵĶǳ׵齣˵ѧθ齣ӲͬԣЩģѧҲˡ
һÿνѩٵæպöѧԺȥճǰ͸崫˵ţ˳򣬽Ӧ塣
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һȺëӶϣȴ·ʲôԤãǿ²ˣ˭ֵ궨ȻһǲĿˣְɿҲóдˡ
ΪŻţȸһȻҲŵʱ
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ȻͲ󣬵ѾܿȻѩǰҲûʱôİԵѩٲŻѡ
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ͳոһָƢõģԷġ
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Ҳɵ⳯ʥΪʳǣȻвٸ߽׵ңղȥļǣ˾棬ȻвʣȴҲֻͣϿһֲۣƵĴƹɨɴĴˡ
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ƽʱʥ棬ûʲô¾޸ʥһЩ鵹ǱȽϢٱһЩԶǺ
Ϊû¸磬˼һȺСĽ͵ڽ۳һ󴣬ķƣսң˸٣һȻͱڶᡣ
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˵꣬ڿտֵллѸ֪
˲İ˰֡
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ҪǮҲ򣬲龧е࣬ǿϹ޲ֵô顣
ѩ֪ģ֪ıȱ˸֪࣬Ǹ龧߿˭֪ȡΪʲô
˶˵ȡ̫ˣڶʵǿµʿ֪Ķðġ
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ڿտҲǸԵģ壬ˮ嵱Ǹ߽壬˼ûԹôҲǼģڿտֻǴӰٱϼͼζûŹĺ棬ĵǲֺ
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֮ǰ֮£ܵܲ£ҺСӳŲ죬֮ҵȶӿȪ౨
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ѩٸǽһ»ƣڿտչǣȻڿտǲ⣬Ϫ
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ѹȵĿ־Уλǻڴ󸽽ڵ˭ƺ֪£ɷ߱ӽѩ٣ǷҲ֪


64 
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ҲΪԽѣ磬ѹƣոа꣬δзߣڸõԺҲ֪ˡ
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ȻһʼδгǧյĿҲҪѧϰ֮ǾɣɿδǧֻǾ͸֧Լ
ȴûϵֻϰô˷ڻȥõǾ̽
ԭƻСʶȡκ͸©δᷢһ¼ЩȫӦ֮󣬵СԼٸ֪һЩ¹֮Σ
ʱС಻¹ôص飬Ȼʡ
ȻȥʣҲȫû취ڵޱϣʵ΢帲Ҳ˵Ƿţˣһ֪δˣһ¶ֻ𶥵Σ
ҪֹĴѣҪȫԼȫˣСΨһ;
еļƻδʼʵʩСͲ౻ʱԨУԼĽĻǻɢĽ֣ѲһѣҲûб·ˡ
ʱҲʶԼж棬ߵɵĸλδ֮Ϊȫıⲻ֪Уɶһ㡣
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沢δ˷ɣΪʱԨ߽˼󣬽ַ֮ϣĪҪֿԽ棬ԲҪ
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𽥻ָЩ滺˵ѾõĽˣʱԨ֪δǲô֮ңһ˵дʯνˣиߵĶš
ҲĳıֻҪŬδ޷Ťתδ֮ǰԱôһӦǾ仰·ת
֮͵طӦʱԨҲ˵Ǿ볯ʥԶһޱߺ½
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֪Сϲ·ֱӷų񣺡ɻȥɣٻȥ·֪ôߡ
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ѩæŵĲ̽ͷȥ·һڳԨԨڵԺȥǰ棬ʮͳһŮŮں΢ͷƺҿ̫ǰЩ롣
ǰһһŮֻӲѩٸղżĹڳʥǵʱڿտչԷʱɿ;ӼǸΪꡣ
ߵŮһ컪ȹ׹ڵأǳ˿ƵǷβͼεķģͷڷΣͷΣ߶ҡζûѩΪˣΪׯ
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ӦһԽܣǵܻܵǸѩ֮ǰɿ;ǰĺܣ˵ĻҲ᣺һֻë񣬶ôһ̬
Ŵ˻Ҳδɫڵܸܵû˿ָ𣬶Į̸۵ͼݽһ㣺֪ǸëֺαԽݣΪūߣܸӣҲֻǸͼū
ˬëѣҲֻΪūˣҪԴЩϲãɫ棬浱Լˡ
˵ĿʼûûˣѵˣĪҪԡ
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67 
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ʱԨͷһۣ״Ƹ̾һգҲᱻ㿴塣
ѩæ˫ܵģԨԨԶ壬ԨԨԶµһÿһٸ¶Ȳϣ
ʱԨ˵С죺쵹ǻ˵
һ߿СߵģСԭСôɰ
һСǱϵģ˶ûҶ࿴һۣټûдİԵݣаһ㶼Ƣġ
µСβҵģĻӿڳ
ͷ˵ˣСùһͻ˵Ļ£ԺȥСĸƻһݣ
ǣСרĸĿɺˣǰþöƣʱҪһǵģ


68 
ȸħİɹȾ뻹ЩԶģҲֱסڹдޣΪ峤ĵŮҲǹأʱû׵㻤ֻ׶·ϡ
˴űԭεߵ͸ǰ峤ˣһңѪ𣬻ʧȸ峤˲޺ۣһǰʯֱ̫̫
ˣʱԨҲͶˣǧҲֻһһŮӾȻȥҲ޷ѱ̡
û뵽ţȻ֪Ҫ˻顣
һȸ峤ʧǣҵҪúȥʱԨҶĴ´˺֣۸𣡡
æܻ峤Ȱ裺峤侲ʱԨֹ񣬸˵СѵҪȸ𣡡
ȸ峤ѾĻպۣҶδŮΪЦ̵̣ȥǾΪ˸
һԵĴϼȫԣж峤һλҪǶ㣬һȸ峤̲Ҳ̣
峤İҲһԵ磬֪赶㲻ֻǵĸף赶㲻ָܻҲûбķӣ嶯͵Ľȸ塣
赶Ҳֶӣ»κһ壬Ƕ̲ôȥԷ壬ΪСͲܲ˵ʧȥǣ͵Ľȫ壡
峤ǿеŭڽʧصıԵ赶ǲ̣أкιȻ˻飬ʱԨǲѵһССĹҲ̣峤ҲҲգҾͲƴһΪȣ
ڣۣڵİɹʲôһǧСŮ䣬¼ޣ˻飡
⻰Ա߼΢΢˿ֻҪʧȥǵĶ壬һк
峤İܵǾͿ쵽ɹˣƢ̽һ̽ʱԨ˻һʲôٿθһĽȻˣȸһ嵱ҪЦˡ
ϵģʧȫûȣ䵹мֲ֮ŬΪ赶ѰЩرǣĻ£ȥˣ˵ɡ
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ۿѡһι֣Ȼ֪⽫󲻵ѵ·̲סҪλϣүүôүүôΪʲôҪǴϡ
£ȻҰĲɹȿļأ޷ǹа񰲶ϹͻϹִңĳ̫ᣬұϾͳ֣Щ껹λķ֣ѹסϣһȥλӣ˭ѹסϣȻˣβֱӴλϣֻҪƴˣԸǡ
Ʋ죬ԺҪǴǼֱĸҲûʲôˣǹһ;˺ڰ
ûб·ˣ۵ҪһҪңȥĶȥĶҪ뿪ʱǿȥ磬ɣһξȥҳʱǾ˭
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û뵽֮ǲ֪ԭʱԨȻ٣һʵò⡣
аڣ±ϾСйһݺ񣬲δԵ
ЩѾңɹȲŵ֪ȻҲڣʱûڲѣ֪ǰأǶȻӵǰ
ǰˢֺõСǾǰһģôĻԵȻ˰װ״
յϢǰǸʣ˵ûֺõ񣬻޶˵˰ɹȡ
Щ˵УΨħüҵ⣬һӮµ̬
ԭĻǶںգ˴ıͽŵܱģɽĴң໥Ȼʶġ
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ѩ֪кܶרŴŻͷ֣һϢڣɹеˣЩıͲ֪ݣŲͷ죬ļûе
鱦ȴҲûƤǳķûһ㣬ֻĸҵС˼ۺ󣬱ûٶע
ѩٴ˸λǶԳԺȺȣű˽ʺѣСѩʵûʶ𣿡
ѩҡҡͷһûУİס
֮ǰϵҲ٣ƿʱҲ˺öˣ񣬻иҵɣԭΪпܻһʶء
ԵûҲ
Сֻôˣϵμӷмֲɶʸȥġ
ɹȵĹȻѾɣҲûݹصЩҵļǰ֪Ǽǰ˵ܼһЩСģϧ˭û뵽ССһɹȹĻ񣬾Ȼöǰ
žЩ֮ղѵԭɡ
ѩٳһ⣬ϵм׼ȥ棬ͿֽһȺˣʱ۾һŶԷֵݣ
Լ游ļ̌һʱüһ䡣
ѩٴȺϵ죬ܾʱ˲ˣԭѩٲδ̫עˣʱǱ߿˹ȥһͯϣҲ֪һҵģ˽ݳޡ
ѩܵݸǰĵһŻ᲻㣬û뵽ˡ
ݳѩһ񣺡С
롭
Щԭû̫ˣʱ˫ĿһСλȻС
ոСǶãôһǰǾȻװ״ʧ
ԵûǸ˵ȥץס
ݳѩٽܵλ游
ȻǾݵ游СǰǿɲҰڳļӣæɾӢС
ѩ٣ض񡣡˵ȥݣǳȥѽ
ݳ游游Сȥˡ
ӢֺǺǵȥɣ˺С
Ӧһǣ㱻ѩˡ
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û뵽СȻҲڣʱôãСҲǵþݣʱ˵ĻԵ
ѩٴžɽȺȥöܵıӰԽԵûãеЦԴӼѩپδɢȥΪһټҲ֪Ǽ֮ˣû뵽ôټˡ
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ݵԭ游ȥڻȡҲ֪Ǽ̻ա
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ѩЦʣǲǺϣٷЩ飬ǶȻǸһˣҲҪЩ̹⻨Ƭ̨ϡ
ݵ֮ǰСȥʥ飿
ѩٵͷѽأȥѧԺ𣿡
ݣüԼԺ
ѩٻǵһ˵ʱʲôԺ
ЦЦҪӾüҵ˵𣬾üҵħľ裬Ҳҵ游游һ飬Щ껹δ֮ǰãɣδٵöӣǧҲֻ游游Ҳ游һӣ˼游츳һ㣬ĵ游ϲĵرĶѻܷɵɡ
ѩ٣Ƕٰ
ݣ֮ӦС
ѩٶʱˣĻƶȵĲûס顣
ôడҪ壬һʲҪ˵ˣ
һٶСΧŻʲĻ棬붼ûʲ˷ˡ
ЦЦôãҲûôˣʿΪҲüѣԺö߽׵ʿһෲܺ׾߸˸
ѩ٣Ժʲôϵ
ݣΪ̫ˣ游ǳãЩŮ츳ıҲ̤޵֮·һһĴпһ壬ϰŮֻϢʮˣҲʮȺ̫࣬游һѧ涼ǾüӵܣƾԵ츳ȡԴԺ
ѩһüǸѽ
ݸԺ㽫תɹȹϣȼҽŭ㣬ɹȹ´ŭ񣬲Ż˻飿
ѩٵڱ˵˻Ҳǽѵһ˻飬ֻΪ²ϲȻҪͶϲС
ЦôͶ֮ˣǼˡ
ѩҡͷѩٲͶϵȴܳɻ飬öͶϵȴɲ˻飬֡
ݵС󣬶ȻһͶϵˡ
ѩһЦĵŲҪͶϵˣҪģ
Ϊ֪ħ壬˼ֻɽתѩٺħ£ݵɹ֮ħĳǳء
ѩæȥȥԶ˺Щķ۲ŷɽġ
ݣֻǳȵĻзӦҪƬ̡
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δ٣ȻǲģͬСһ档
ѩںͥԺҵʱԨ½ȾǱȥǼӿٶȣСյĳ½Ⱦɲĳ嵽ʱԨϡ
ԨԨҿԳȥȥɽ棬ҽˣҲһȥ
ײʱԨ˵˸ëҲûʲôȴжӰԼײˣΪ⻹ҪܻһˣӰǿ𡣡
ѩ٣ѽˡ
ʱԨЦЦȥɣϵ龧ɴˣħ粻ġ
ѩæֻצʱԨǰ龧ƸǸˣ϶û龧Ҳͼɡ
ʱԨź½Ⱦһۣ½ȾӴȡһ׹̱ʯȻѩٴϣ̱ʯ·龧޽ƣȡá
ѩٿ˿жѽ
½ȾҲǵˣʶɨһװ٣ʮ龧ٸ㻻һ
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ѩһܲıӰ½ȾЦŵ»Ҫ˵һСԡ
Ǽúã˵ǰЩСˣһ̣½Ⱦûȥ滹Ҫкһģϼ˵ġ
С뿪½ȾŵߵǸǰʱģ꣬ͬһ㣬ɹУϵҰģһֱҪȡ֮ϿûʲôҰģȴ߳ˮı棬Ϻĳ϶԰Ϊҳϣ˶Ψһ״Ϊӵϵ
ʱԨϸĸϣǺԼȸ屳Ĺϵ
½ȾǸ۲𣿡
ʱԨɹȣȴͶ¹ôĿֻ֣һǻøȨƣ˭֪۲ͳΪҪɹϻµ·Ϊ˱ǱȻΪ£Ϊ¶Ͷ¹˵ǳ˻˭
½ȾĿһˡ
ʱԨЦһ壬ˣᰴҲһӾҶ֣ǵа˵治֪װ֪
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Ҫ˵мûʲôɸˣ˵ʱԨˣ½Ⱦš
½Ⱦ˼ֵȸһʲô⣿
ʱԨļﲢûйȸһϢⳡǳ˵ģȻǧ꣬ضɹ֮Ҳδֵǰֱٴγ֣۸¹ߣͷβȸŮӣûаڵĺۼʵЩ֡
ʱԨ˵ţָ棺һҪϢ˵ʱʺħַ֮ͨ˵ǷոԵؽ磬ȴǺħֵģҪģħ֮ͨ
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ʱԨ֮ǰо仰˵ĺܶԡ
½Ⱦľ䣿
ʱԨЦ½ʾˣαǷġ


69 ׷С
ȻǲڹУѩٴҶν֪Сݣ½ۺ鱦С裬Ҳ˿֮ġ
ǳȣּһǿɲôȻڵһµġ
ѩٵĶһԭˮ֮˲䰵һͨ飬ֽѩٽϵһƣ˶ͨûа㾲ĵĹЧ
ѩϱϢٱôһڣԭС˲ͨͨĸСӡ
ħ粢ûе𣬳Ĵӵħ֮⣬Щ̵ǺɫģЩǰĵҲǺɫģıǲˡ
еĽֵõɫ̷߽ѩٺܣȻ࣬Щ̯λĶö඼ûġ
ӶǺɫģѩߵ̯ǰΪʶҲûȥʲôѽ
ǰһȺŲСǣ̯ħ飬ħ֮
ѩŶһҺûһԵľݵħ൱ڱҵ㱬ǿħУҵҩƣħȴħп֮˱ȱҵࡣ
ѩ٣Ҳ𣿡
ݣⲢ֮ȻãǼƷħ飬ҹͶգ̻𿴡
һԵ̯̲סа̣ħ鵱̻ţҲδݳˣħȱҵ࣬һͽ׵ħҲġ
ѩٿ̯һһħ飺ʲôƷİ
̯ܵһЩǵͽħ飬һţһɢԲµʿн׵ħʮһţ˽ʿ߽ħʮһţ˻ʿ⼫Ʒħ飬龧һţһſڳʿеƬ̡
ˣССһħ»˲ųڵʿΪ˳ڣɽһ֮Ƥ⣬Ѿȸ߽׷ˣѰ֮˵ġ
ѩᣬ߽µĶϣֱӽ̯еļƷħ鶼ԲˣݵϷ̻㿴
Ц׼ǮƿһСֵǮ
Ҳ龧֮㲻ʲôοС
ѩһ߼ǰ䣬һ߳ʣʲôħе𣿡Щȥ͸岮ǣһħ磬ܴЩȥ
ħʯɡ
ѩ٣ħʯʲô
ݣʱӦ޵޵вֹһЩޣкܶϡеرģħʯ޵࣬ħΧѰҲǱƣѲŲժһΣҲ򻷾ħʯвῪϡޣһЩҩħ棬֮
ѩٶʱȤæħʯ֪䱦Ӷžֱ䱦ӣֵʲô
Щû
ݣֻħʯвеĶ޹ŶһЩ֮ˮ֣;Ҳܶ࣬һЩܾҩ֮ǱҩҩģǴŲͬԵǶͬ㿪ʲôˡ
ѩȤˣžݵּӿ˲ӡ
ѩȥӲǱģ֮ǰȥ򱦸򱦸󿪱磬еĶȴһ۸Ҳвͬ⿪һطʲô۸ˣħʯҲеģΪǴħ翪ɹȥ۸Ȼ
ϴѩȥ򱦸ֻǿ˸ģûйһӣ˶֪ħʯⶫ
ѩһ˵ħʯæȥˡ
ħʯħһɫԷħʯܣߴ¥ѩٷ˻ʮ¥ռ䣬Ҳӵ
һ·һ߽ܵħʯԵͼм߼֣ͼħʯһЩ΢ģЩȽϱˣʮһţмħʯͨħʯģһ龧һţ߼ħʯȻģ濪ĶЩЩʮ龧һš
ѩͽħʯǱ߿˿ǱвѡһЩǲСݵЩСһЩͽ׵ħʯһЩö׬Ǯ򱦸ħʯǵͽ׵ҲƷģ˱ЩҲ΢Щ
ѩָָһŵˣǸʲôģֵص𣿡
ݣǿħʯģΪ濪Ķܣ߽ʿԷ˺öˣһħʯһ顣
⿪ħʯļ۸ȻЩˣЩ˲ѡ￪и߽ʿȫԴԼ
ѩŶһһ·ߵ߽ʱ򶼸ɨһۣͽħʯ޹⣬˵ģöѺۣн΢ÿһЩɫҲЩǻҺɫˡ
ȻƯĻǸ߽ÿһŶɫҲ߲࣬ʶɫ
ѩٳ֣Ҳʲô
ͷƻûԹħʯȻǰѡÿһħʯҲһ飬еԲеı⣬һۿһŴҶƵģүȥ˿
ѩٵ˵ͷŻħʯ߽ǸС䣬æһȥ
ıĿʿ˽ˣӹʯͷָһ⻮ʯͷм䱻ƿ˲ʲô˳ʿһץһǧҩԵҩץС
ʿҩݸæӹȻܵѩٵĸǰһҩ
һԵæϲλСӣС򱦸ֱյġ
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һԭԱѡħʯ˶ʱˣ˵ʵҲһ֣ö׬ˣ龧ҲˮƯöħʯ޵ණ㵴
żǿ˺öиƺһҧһ˺þõĸ߽ħʯС䣬ѩҲһΧ˹ȥ
ʿղָһħʯƿûжɳһ̲ˮ
˶ʱǸ˸ɫһס
ѩٳʵǺˮʲô
ݣǷˮʲôûУһЩǿɳһ⣬˲ɢҲ൱ʲôûУǱȽϳģ񻨳ĵһǲ
ѩЦſŻá
ЦϵľѣɲǺôôѡϵСĻ
Ƶûôˣѡưʯһˮɢ⡣
ԱΧ۵˿ֱҡͷղΪҩҲ̼߽ħʯ˶ʱ侲¿ʼϸѡеͼ߽ħʯ󣬵Ҳδشδζжģͷôԣģʮ龧ҲһʲС֧
ݳѩٵȥԡ
ѩǿɲֻˣǰгÿħʯˣģԲģƤϸģаٿħʯѩôһʣϡϡĿˡ
ѩٳߵЩˡ
߶ˣĵһμֱӰԲ˸߽ħʯˣнƳŵĵæˡ
ߵһʮö߽ħʯϸղŵĿţʮţһǧ߰ö龧СЩȫ𣿡
ѩҡҡͷˡ
ûȥֿδ֪棬ȻǸԨԨġ
ѩٽЩħʯװʱһźɫմȾ˵ǹħʯ̨ϵѩæּߵСӲ뿪һĶ࣬⿪ħʯķ͸ˡ
ѩ룬ǿɣҲ뿴Լǿŵʯͷ˷䡣
ĸ߽ʿǳûиĳ䵱ˣһʯͷһƣһץβɢ⣬澹ȻжֻǶǰһƬûУôħʯδ
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һ˵ɽУһӰСѪ֮ΪֵףһӰԱһһĽ·磬ЩһһͶһһס
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Ӵнеķȡ˳ҲǷĻʲôһС㰲ȫһ֡
ݵλӰཫѩٻסƬ̣ȥ취ϵʱԨ챦ԽǿԽݣ˲Żή׽٣ֻ׽ٺˡ
⻰æȡϵĴ
ֻսȡɽȻһǿ磬һӰֱƿնһӱ㽫䵽ϵ׸ɢˡ
ʱԨߵӰĸǰϵ׽ٻڲϵ£ʱԨɵĸֵˡ
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ʱԨһ뿪ϢƬ̵Ӱȡµ·ҲȥΡ
ݻ³һ游ȻҲ񣬵ôȻԵȻķɣļƽδӿһǿҵĿ
ֱӹ˷ƵϣС԰׵ļֱˣˣˣˡ
Ҳǻ˺һᣬ¶˶˵ֽţ˭뵽ǿ˸ħʯȻôµ׽٣첻ϵСǣҲЩƤˡ
֪ŲᣬһֲһĽǴˡ
ǰŸߣŸʿ
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뷨˺ܿһȻҲźһ
Ϊ򱦸󴫳һ֧ȸȻһħʯп򱦸Ϣ֧ȸӦȸβһβ𣬿ɴȸѪıѹôµ׽١
ʣôôµ׽٣߶ߵΪſĹȥ¶ԷǸɣҲɣЩʿȻôĻԵû˶ɽٵʱᡣ
ЩĿ֮·ȻסģǺܿϢˡ
ͬʱĻСģ׽ʱԨģЩźûʱᱦ˶ңǵʱһȵĳȥ궼ˡ
һֱڻĵСٴγ˱ĴڣǶ˵Ͷ̥ҲˣŸճͬԡ˷⣬һ廤ĸĸαҲˣԼħʯ
Щһƫƫûˣ


70 û
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ʱԨǵģһ֧βȸѪܵеϹԻء
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ʱԨЦţȻҵ𾡹Ҳܳ𣬵ҲԶ𡣡
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ʱԨܴѪȸѪܳɾͰ֮壬岻ͬе㲻ҪٵһöɵλȻֵ֮٣豻ľǧΪһˡ
ѩٻβʱԨǶƣ㣬ҲҲûʲôѽҲܻܾúܾãһʲ˵츳ƾԼҲܷ񣬵ʱĻҲ񣬶࣡
ʱԨҡͷòЩȸţеٰ֮
ѩٶʱˣѽһҲû˵еڶѽԴأҪ㣬𡣡
ԣȫеĶߵˣе岮ǣ½Ⱦͻ飬ûô౦еı岮͵ģڲԼһ޲ԨԨˡ
ԨԨóȻʺģһԼҲаֲҪôʲôþ
ʲôʱ岮ǣСԵʱ䳤ĺܡ
ʱԨȫΪѩٶʱ󷨣뿴ӵ뿴ԨԨԨԨˣԾû˸۸ˣ
ʱԨЦҲ˸ҡ
ѩϲľͲɵصˣǻжء
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ʱԨ˵üģôСҪģԻᲹǡ
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Ҫ֮ǰȸһٲҪѵģ˻һȸǴϹзŮ˻棬ǲֵһᡣ
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Լʲô峤ĺܣѪΪСǽԾ̲õģӿڳóġ
ˣ·ĳ峤ҲǳŴʱôߺޣǣ֪ˣȻȥҼ˵
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ѩգգۣѹ峤ȻΪһأԭҪȸ𰡡
һҲǣȸ屾һȸѪȸβܱϧȸûԨԨҲȸ塣
һһȸҪǸȻǣǸЩ壨ߣһ̣鷳
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ѩٿǣб𣿡
⻰ʵȻҪҲֻ̫ˣɽڱȸҪɢؼ䣬仹̫𣬿˭֪ʱһôС
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仰ǾȸһеͷԷӵǱȫ廹࣬ʵ֮ϣ۲ƴ򲻹ôأֻʹ޵ȸԵ޷ˡ
ԶڳʥǵյСѩٿ鱦ϢͬʱҲյʱԨĶ
鱦ȻѿȻȸβѵãʱԨڣסѩٻûģ˱ˣɱ˶ᱦץҪЮпܡ
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ʱԨĶʶһģܲ鱦˰ɡ
ȴ򿪽ƣԽеˣֱʼ򣬿ֵһУ˲ɫˡ
ܵٻƵĹˣڴǰĹϪżСѩȥħ磬⳯ʥǶûˣʱԨһԾ͹С̣ѩٻҲɴȥЩʱˡ
ϪյʱԨĶڷ²ƣ㴫ٹ㶯ǲС
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ʣʱԨѶ˽ƣҲ޷ἰδѻȡļȻδܵģܶ඼˲һı仯룬һ̣ȸİɹҲ˻顣
Ϫ滹һ֣ΪҪᵥг
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Ϫ˵ɫ۵ףԽе֣ϸῴһ֮ʱɫһ䣺Ϊ壬һλ
ص㣬صǷľٶʲô»Ҫ磬Ȼž޴ΣʱѲ磬ʱһͳ̽ȡס
Ϫ򴽣ץδİ˼еĹ켣ȥ类ƣ嶨Ȼ档
һܵƫͱӻϵȨȨͬʱȻ岻سܵκص
岻綨Ȼ֣֮汻һͳ磬ֻ塣
Ϫתͷʣ̫ˣռ֪ǻʱı£Ƿ¹ٹҪ̽һ̬̽ȡ
Ͼ¹Ҳǹؼһ㡣
ʣᰴ֮ңأ꣬Ҳɽˡ
Цӻȷ浱ˡ
ϪҪô
һ䣺һЩĸ˿ۣ


71 ؾԵС
ȸһȸ峤ϱ棬̸أݵ΢һû˵ķˡ
ȸʱ󲻹ǾȽ˻¸ˣȸ嵱ЦˣӱŮ˻飬ȸβʧۣ֮һ˵á
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˼ԵһЩɢȻûôˣ֮ǰԴֻŮ˻ߣ侲ҲǲֻҪҸͶϵģ֮ǰµʱʲôȥˣ
ҸͶϵģŮͻñ˻
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춼ˣδ֮һȥģ⻨ƶû
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ʱԨüͷɫǷѹȣѩʧȥ˸Ӧ
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ʱԨһ˲ƾѩʧĵط½ȾæͷƸһȥΪҲߣؾΪƣ˵ܽ
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ʱԨĬĿǰĴ½Ⱦ֪Ǿûˡ
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ʱԨƽһµķ籩
Ӱͬͷƶһԣ֮ǰûƽĸҲ̫ˡ
ֻһ޵ѩûǿȻԣ޷ı˽ȥһڵϹ˰Ȧһµ
ϻᣬĵһҲûͣסĳҭһĨۣһߴܡ
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ѩٶʱһ֮ǰԨԨһԷɣоĹٶôϲǰٿĸʮľ޴öö٣
ԨԨһʮһʲһѩԣЩû岮㣬һжʮÿһɣ٣


72 ˸Ƥ
֪ǰСΣ 񶼾ʼиķɣպ㿴ɽأҪʲôʲô 㿴ˮã һ˲ιȡʳ Ѫȫġ
ѩ˳ɣĻתͷȥ˲ι֪ԨԨУֻһţ˲ιһ꣬ Ͼٵֻǧ֮꣬
һ˲ιһСɽ鶥Դǰͣ ѩֻǿһۣ͸ң
ɣǵģ ͸㡣
ѩ٣Ҫʲôأ
ɣ͸һɴȰ㲻øʲô ڹ¼˰ֻ꣬ҪԸңĿ֮鱦 ȫȡá
ѩҡҡͷУ Ҳ㣬Ҫȥ
ɣŲæʵ˵ٲҪȥˣ ҪϲǸԨԨˡ
ѩһŵı鿴ǰĴС˵Ļôܵ棬 ˵˵ҳȥҪڴˣ ԨԨᵣĵġ
ɣᵣĵġ
ѩСüͷ𣺡Ϊʲô
ɣΪϲ㣬ϲ˲ޣ㿴ϲ㣬ҽӵеһж͸㣬ֻΪˡ
ѩͷǷɣ𣿷ɣһ㶼ͼһͲö
ɣƺЩҡؼ䣬Ψһķɣ
ѩٻܣеĲడˮƽʱϴģˮûˮģϴģ˲ι㵹Ƕ࣬ͺܳãóܻö꣬Ѫݾ͸ҪһСҪִ󲹵Ķ
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ɣƺˣС̶εΪɣ᲻֪һǸɵ֣һСܽء
ѩٸղŸɣ˵ʱ򣬾;һɣƽƯģҴСãһ˫˺ϱĴôʮӦǹ˵ģ²ͬԱһɿˣҪܿǾͶߺˡ
Ϸ뿪ѩԼõǽɴȥ
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ѩٲŲ˵ûԨԨûʮʲôøʲô򲻶Ǿʹĵطˡ
ѩٴӴȡ˸֮ǰħһӣžһ̻ţֱӽɣï֦ܵҶըһȱըһ£Ҷô״
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ǷǶĳ飬ѩٸںŬļȡκһΪ©֮㣡
ʱһתͷЩ˲ιСɽΧһɪɪһ֣ͷ˲ι
ĹѩٳնʱЩħ飬ħ黹һſŵӣһѰѵӡ
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ܵĳѩٻķ˲䱻ĺ彫ѹϵȥһ±˷󷨣ѩֻоһ΢ķδ⣬ħ顣
ǧŵħ飬޶ͺ˷ɣҶӣЩڵĲᣬһֳֽʵģͲˡ
ѩһ̧֣ͺ˰ҶӵŲҳȥ
ɣ͵Ľ¹ѩٷӦĶ˹ȥ֪ܴĴǸö˵Щؾп۸аԸֱƭ˷½䱸Ȼ̳ԡ
ѩһ߶㣬һѧʽȻΪ̫ˣȥûһӺݣѩٲù򲻹ܾˣ
ӿշʱ򣬿ˮٴͳ֮ǰʱƿ͵ɺ««һˮ˲ͱˡ
ѩ˺«ɣĹ׷˹ֱӻһԶԶߡ
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веٶͻ׷ķɣβͣһıֵˣѩٻǱѹˤ˵ء
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ѩپ˲ȥЩɣΪԽԽ֦ҧɨβı۶˲٣סԴԴϵð
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ʱԨɫһ䣬Լϸʹ࣬ѩٵ
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һطɣ֦;ѩһջˣΪƽԴУ
ѩٶʱˣôһͱôСһˣҪô岮ٰ
𾪣ʱԨ٣ûš
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һѶʱԨı鶼ЩһѾ
Ϊѩ汣ѣû뵽ѩƤĵرƤӶûŹΪأǵһΡ


73 ߣؾջ
һС磬 Ϊ֧ţ˰꣬ѩٴӴĶҲʵģ ٻ
Ϊ½ȾٻͥԺǶѻɽĵ鱦ʱ ²һģδ˶ѻ鱦 鱦ɽҲûŲƤһġ
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ѩǲ֪ƻиӰ ½Ⱦ壬 ԨԨ
ԨԨƢѩٻ˽һЩģײŭ һŭǾ൱ˣΪԼܣô£϶һٺٲ˵ģԨԨǸʱŻôȡ
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74 渹
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75 ƶ
ѩ˵еߣ ħʱѷֺõｻԭҪһʥ飬Խ͸˵ģ Ȼʥͣ˿ΣҲֻա
Ҳôص ڣÿ˷ħʯ 겢̫أȽϡѰҩ
ͼƬҶӵģ½Ⱦ˵ҶӳҪͣΪһƬҶӾļĸˣ ʱʵͣ˵ᱻ뵽֮ؾ
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ҪСһʥôôһˣܰǶȥ


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ʱԨҿǶߵĶţΪ֪Ķء
ѩߺŽʱԨ䣺жţҲʶҾǿ
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ؾҲпʥѪջģ֪С̶ؽ׼ѩѩˣҪǷ
ѩٵԨԨǶж࣬ҳһųѽǿ쳢
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ߣͻȻ֪ΪʲôÿҪʱԨǱߵıˣ˰
֪ѩٻŹͣرԣ㳢
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ؾ̽ʥˣֻǴɽһڣҲ˵ȳûʥ顣
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ʸȻǷеʥӣƴģȻҲٲԼƵģĸһΪ˶νͷ
ѩԺľͤ¿ͷܶǸؾϢֱпϧΪ̫ˣȻҲȥһ氡
ĻͷƻδڣӰͻȻһˣڣҪǧˡ
ѩ̧ͷȥһüΪ꣬ģĹ֣üķ֮ȴֲİ裬һִһЩҰԣЩ졣
ڷϵ˵õĿѩ٣ʶˣ
ѩϡϵ
ֱӴӷģȴѳ˸һʻഺϢ
һҹ֮䳤İѩҪ΢΢ͷôһӾͳˣ
ǳĿŰԼͷѩ٣ΪΪˣȻƤɳˡ
˵Żѩٵͷ࣬治СС̹Ȼܿɰ
ѩһĵģûһߵĴܣôһ˵ͳ


77 볤
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ʮ°͵һޣƣޣߣܻó֮ģȻĳ󣬵֮ά²䡣
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ʮ̯̯֣߳һϧѲ֪˺εأҪʮҲ˰
ѩ䶼ʮŵĿֱ֪Ūˣѩسһתߡ
ʮһסԼһţóʱ᳤ҪҪأǾŬǿȫ⣬ͳˡ
ѩٵһ飬ǷɣʱԨסˣȻסҲȫסÿܴ˿˿ƵΪá
ȡԶԼȡɶ࣬ǿֵѩ˵ʵЩӴֻһ˿һƵĳȡ
յٶȣҪҪ鶼⣬ٵһꡣ
һҹ飬ѩֻԶ˼ʵʵʥϿΡ
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ͷˣͻƾĽڣʱøҲܳ󣬲֪֮ʲһ㣬ÿһ㣡
尮Ϊֺ˳ҪлЩλ֪۸ء
ϣܱøÿЩСԶ֣ΪʲأѵΪ̫
ѩٶʱˣﳤˣҲˣǾССһʱ˭Ҫͷˣ
һˮװƿкԱߵ½Ⱦŵ⼸Сڷܡ
ƽϴϴ裬˯˯С־Ȼʱ̶ʥָ߽׵Ĺϱǿһ˿˿ƵĶǶڣ˺Ӷѡ
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½ȾͲȥʲʥ飬á
ʱԨڷЩҲãδôУҲһЩڷܲȫЩ첻޺ֻ֣Ҫǻܻǡ
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ڣһ̹֭ˮѩæ˫һŴڴڵĺ
һɵСѩȥˣС첻ͣţ۾ȴʱԨһ߿һߡ
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ʱԨ붨ҪȻǿ࣬겻ԣֻҪȡͲǻġ
ѩپˣꣿȥˣ
ʱԨУ붨Ҳ붨ࡣ
ѩһɾ;۾һһѽ
ʱԨһʱǧ꿴ʵҲָһӼ䡣
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ҲʵһֻΪؾ磬ǳʥ߽ƼĻʳǣν壬ЩΪ볯ʥ̫Զüϡ
ڶο꣬Щһ̫ĶüϢٽȥ˵ɥؾյأǸǱɱ˶ᱦЩżþգڶγԡ
ѩʥǵʱǸ򱦸Ѿڳˣ֮ˮѩ֮ڶɼͷöѾδɼһζˣǶֵĲУ֮϶̵ģһȷѪ
ܼԽ˵Ŀⶼۼ˹
Ҫѩɿ;жλӣԵĵطУֲƶǳǳϿյģҪƶĹ̨ˡ
ڿտջаҲ˳ѩٵĶ磬˸ѵλԡ
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СʱһϢͺܲǣɳ꣬ǹɷԵǿ̽۽üң²ԲԱߣҲһۿǸƢõģڿտպ͹СҸ
ѩٿ˿ֿ˿ͻȻе棺ΪʲͻԪӤڲų󣬹˵ͻƽڣܳˡ
һۣΪˣΪʲ㵰ƿǣһƿǣʮƿǣŲѻȻҲ
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ѩһСۣʲС˰½ȾУæ½ȾֱӱչˣԨԨ˵ԶҪմȾأҪ˼꣬ǿҪþúþˡ
ؾˣȻҲǰȥԨԨˣԶ˵˭ܣѩٱսͣһҲ˵
ؾٴιرգЩССĶҲѺˣǰѩҲҪֵģȥЩǣһҲǴ棬ϲˡ
֣ѩͷϣѾֲ˼ȥעˣټ֪ؾĺöѾ½ȾѹʣµЩǱ߽ϣʲùעˡ
ȴǶ֪ؾ飬ѩٶˡ
˽ˣ𣿿ǵһЩ̽·ߣҲٰ
ʲȥҲʮˣŶãؾٴο£ʮ֮һ
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ѩ΢΢üĶɣ
ڿտҡҡͷҲģӦҲܶɣҲɣ˵Щյĵط߶һЩӣΣգȻƳȥҲ˼ľѾ߸ˡ
߸ɰͲһ֮ңĴ棬ķӦŻǰ㼤ңʵ̫˼ˣײеؾһνȥȻֻ˰ˣЩɣؾǻͼؾ
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ЩҲֻǲ²⣬Σֻܵ滹ŵ˳֪ˡ
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뿪ؾҲٴιرգһһһǧˣɾжʮλؾǵһβ̽ǸؾֻʱܶطҪԳ鱦ϢҪоػرޣ˵һνȥĲ
ڶνȥΪ˲٣Ҳ˲٣Ϊ֪񱦵ϢڵߵڣνõĲʵϢ͹ؾΣճ̶ȣؾĴ޸ˣ˲ء
ؾ֮ѾΪʮ׾֮һ飬ؾ꿪һΣƽΪʥײ̤Ľء
ǣ֮ˮãһΣٵÿ֮ˮΪ߽׵ҩҩܱһһζõǿ
Ǹѩ֮ʵǹˣɢϢѩʯҲİʯаʯȻǴģȴ֪˭ȡߣ˶޹
һؾÿÿʱ겻ѣʮλɣȴһδջ񣬼ֱиҡ
˲֪ıʧ̫࣬Ҳ˼֮İӿһƬ̫ƽżз߳ΪµĴ棬µؾΪµŻ⣬ʱ佻棬任ݰƽУѩڽǿ


78 ж
֮ǰ˵ԤͻˣѩΪ˵ͻƣܿͻˣһӽȸ˯
һˣˣ޶ʮĳһ죬ڿտմ͹ԺһʳܳԵɽʱ򣬹׽ˡ
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ͻԼڿտպĻһ߳ſһ͹׽۴УһԺĵӶˣԺɽôģ
ǶɽٰڵС٣׽ҲԴģ򵥵ԷͻȻˮһ⡣
ڿտհڣСС٣С˼
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׽ѩ٣µϸһ׽٣ҧһ⣬ϸŶ䶪һϸԭΪĶɽɡ
ĸ̾ԺĵӣɽӦһЩ츳ԽǿߣԽʣ˽µ׽ٱԽǿ
ôǿ壬ôһϸףǻ壬һƬ۶˲
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ѩҡҡͷûжɽ٣û׽٣ҷɣ򲻻׽ҡ
Ժӣ˵׽ٻǿء
ڿտջȻɹˣѹû׽٣档
˵Żʱ򣬶ٵĹһͷë˹ϴ֮ǰѩ͵ķ£Դķ׽ٵ׵ģ·ǱЩ
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գڹ޸мƤĹϸϸˣ΢΢Щ Ҳ˵Ƿòľ޸С
ڿտհοΪԼ벻ͬͷ޵ĹԲԲҲܿ㿴һЦģ׺صǣ㳤ѽ
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ԭԲҲɢһЩɫ΢죬ϸü۾µܾƫ
֪̳ûвģѩٲ꣬Ĵ˸̾ϲԵĲʱԨЩ⣬Ǿޡ
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һˮ棬һ籴ӳرߵļϷ˾סѩʪյĸ첲Ѿʱǰ㻷ʱԨĲϣͷϵҲ̲סʱԨϲ˲䣺ԨԨҳ
մˮͷʪһƬʪڱϣŨҵĺڰɫϣഺˮСѹϸ󣬵µĳС
ʱԨָ΢ţָ⴩˿׶ˣһͷʪգ˳˿˲͸ָڹİһ㣬ֱӻûһֻѩױɴ֣Խһ˿繵ζ
µգƫٽһ洿ȻʱԨ˵Ķͷӭ϶ȫȻǵ̲סĻֶһ
ѩٲͷⵥɻ飬Ҳ͸һɴջʱԨ̾üָһ⣬мǶС֣ɹǣ۶ԴŮӣ־룬Ǽˣٲʱǰ޹˼ɵֱӱˡ
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ѩٵûԨڲ²Ĵ¹ȥ˹ѯ¹ϲָ˿ʼƷϵᣣµשɷнµĶ˸ˣɫҲҹˣǴĴ˿ǻˡ
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뵽ȸ¹̾Щͦʡ
ѩ̾ҡͷûУͳʥǣĶȥˣʥÿ궼еǽޣеǴһЩǳڼ¼ҵѻȥǶû
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ѩٰһܾˡ۰̫࣬һ̫Ҳһ۵ĸ
¹һ̧һö׹СС;Ͱ̾һۡ
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ѩٸ¹ֵıQ޵Ȼ󿴵ԨĴϿտҲ˯ϲһʣˣһ˹ȥҵأ
Ԩ̧ͷڸڡ
ѩֱ֫ŵſϣҲ
ԨջĿ⣬Ҳ
ѩٷ˸棬ֱӵŵЬڴϣҪҲ˯
Ԩ淭һҳ顣
˯ϰץŵʲô߱βŵʲôѩ٣õ˯ȴ˯ţûûз飬ûĥ۵ڼԨûˣտյô˯
ԨĲˣѩٷ˸ץһԵͷڻУԨԨҶˣҪ̹
Ԩ飺ýˡ
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ˣùװ޹ˮ˹ȥôûû壿
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Ҫţ·ŵ̫СģҲֻˡ


81 
ѩٲ֪ԨڸսβԨ˯һԾӮⳡɳʤڶˬ¹ȥˡ
ǰѩٵûԨѹһҵڷһͷסݣ˿ģ㲻
ѩٽͷһתͷƺͻȥǿ
̲סһЦ˳ģҲ̫ˡ
ԭǾճ࣬ٱһͨ꣬Ҫڣѹסһ
ѩַһȦͷƸһۣܲôͨȴݣҲ̫ˡ
һ磬ͨͨӱˣߵͥԺУ·һ£İòȴСţΪȷǲСס֪ҪҪ
ѩٿǷӦЦܿˡ
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ѩܻ޵С԰Ԩ£æܹȥ˵ϣԨԨ쿴
ԨûͷҲ֪ѩģ԰ڣǻ˸ͷţСꡣ
ѩܵԨǰҪԨԨϳ𣿡
Ԩǿˣ
ѩһ뻹治ǣǿϢ¹ģˣҲŶԷϢ˸ϳˣԺȥ˾Ͳſˣ
ǣ˵ȫҲ󲿷֪ʲôСˣȻˣС򳤲̫һˣҪҡڳȥҪ˶ȫ֪ˡ
ѾϰĶżȥҲԡ
ѩԨֵٸȡְɡ
Ҳͦ˾֪ˣҲûһ
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ѩ룬ҲͦͺܰףСͷǾͽС¹ȥ
ŵֻϲϲˣԨҡͷˣǹɺȴһû١
ѩģ¹Ӧͨ䣬˫۾䲻ˣ峺ȻһЦһҫ˽
סתȦչʾģѩ٣¹ЦǰС򲻿㲻Ը࿴һۣΪ˳ȥ棬Լ˰磿
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׷תͷЦһ塣
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׷ЦӦ֣СԵƬ̡
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ĸҲֻҪһʯҪǽⶫܱˣʲôŨֱֻӳδһɬζ˼ҺҪ΢˼ңûȥԡ
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¹ֽ⣬̲סм⣬ѩݣֶһδؽӴ
ѩҧһڸ㣬ۣŸճ¯ҲǻͬñҪԡ
󻨳ͷھͳˣƴһ鲢Ǻܶ࣬Ҳ͸죬Сţ߳ǳԱ֣ÿֻ̯һ㣬Զ˲С
¹ҲûгԹⶫˣ⣬ҲմȾЩ䣬ѩδ飬ЦŽмĨȥôԵֶ˭𣿡
ѩͣ¿Լ֪ǸүүΪֹ𵤾һֱûͻƣ޿쵽˲׷ԲԣǼǰ𣬺ǰԨԨûǺǼǸ壬ϧһһǰǺһ̡
ȥǨһ鷽粼аǣֻһݣÿŵ׬Щʯάơ
ѩٶЩЩ̫⣺ʵҪԸȥ壬Ӧúܶ࣬ʿ˽ѾǱȽΪˣܱʳǣȥСһ㷽ܳưһأȴȥҲҪ⡣
½Ѿǰ½ˣǰ½޺УԨԨΪԽԽУΪǣǸиٸԣҲһЩϦ֮ˡ
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˴ûܵõҪҲ⣬ֻѰҲֱϰټң⼸ˣǾǱˡ
ճѩһͷˮǣȶϰߣ̲סգһ۾ĸαװˣǰûģҺɽ˵ֻץһֻѰ
룬ǰͻȻ˴һڹŶ


82 
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Ҳûϵ˸ԼǺˣݣ˿αװˣȻлأ¶ҲǿԵġ
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ЦҪǼλˣ¿ɲԼܾġ
ѩٲһ״һЦ۵׵СϰǳٴԸĵСϰߣѩٴǰǰС
һ죬ԳԺȺȵģѩѾԹˣ鿴۵ͷ˿ӣ㻹û˵ôڼ
֮ǰʥģ¹ȥʥѣǿԼӣһ
һڼԪ½ӳʥߣҪĴΣҺʱһµķɹƺ򣬵Ǵߣֻ贫Σɹƺ򼴿ɡ
ȻĴε·ѣֲӳʥǻһεģ龧ֵֶȼҶԣٵ⣬ʱҪġ
ѩһԪ½ôһôƫԶѽ
Ϊ֮ظպ۾ǣ۾һ
ѩһһʲô
һؾ֮ء
ѩٶʱɴ۾𣿡
ҡҡͷȻǣϹʱһֻδɣ麣ԣҲ֪ȥ֪
ѩɻĶϢ
ЦŵȻһӦģϢضоţֻһв̽Ƿܽؾ£ǲܣٿôؾĴС
ǴؾԹȻֽؾڣȴԴһʼҪǱ¶ȥκβãԵߵ֪Ȼδ¶ԵҪúù滮һǡ
СؾŲҲûãСؾԴֵ̫࣬ģٲֵΪ˳һΡ
ѩ٣֮ǰؾֻһǣѾôˣѹΪȥϹӦòСɣһΣգΪôͣȥҲûð
Ҫ游ϣ¹ţĺסѩٵͣ˵ܲܵС
Ƭ̣ŵȻԼһȥٲҪЩ֣ѳлᣬȻĻᡣ
ѩ۾գգ͵ĿɫеҲˣǲҲԡ
һֵüģ㲻룬ʲô롣
һ֪ǳؾԼҴѩٴѩ߸Ųˣиʲôһ嶼е˵ġ
ѩ۾һתűŹ֭鶯Ȼڴʲô⡣
Ǽ͵һʱʲѩټҪҲû¹ͻعæԼ޵ȥ
ŻԶıӰ¹ʵĻᰴɻΪѡͿ̿
¹֪ʴ˻Ϊ⣬ֻһ˲䣬ԺصᰴʳʱľһɰջδιᰴźᰴʬԨľ׵Сһ۵˵ϣģ
ᰴɸ²ҲҪΪֻһѩΨһĹ⣬⣬еĳޡ
ǱüᶨĻشȴƫƫԥˡ
һ˲ԥȴЦˣЦŸ˵úѩٹ磬ȥʥ
ϱƲƵ£ʣһ͸Ҳ˿̵ɻΪһʣᰴ֮£Ƿ֪顣
ᰴ޴Ϳ̿Ұȷᰴһɵİ
ɱԼ޵ѩһͷʱԨĻײʱԨᣬקҡΣԨԨȥ棬ȥԶһĵط棡ڼԪ½۾һ˶֪ؾؾ԰˸ӦˣҪȥˣҲȥ
ʱԨɫƽȥǾȥɡ
׼óʮ˰˹ˣеѩ٣Ӧ
ʱԨ˵ͷӦˣȥȥ
һӦѩе㲻ˣԴǴδħ֮˳ʥǺǣﶼˣ꣬ѧԺûʱԨô׾ʹӦѩе㲻š
Сɵı飬ʱԨЦֲȥˣ
ѩæȥǲǲ𣿡
ʱԨ㳤ˣȻʵĳȥˣҪΪͻһЩ⣬ǽİ꣬ͼڳʥǺﶼȥˡ
ѩæ֤ΣյĵطҾԲȥԨԨϲ
ɹ߻ợ˵СԼҲ䣬ʱԨּڵϵŵһԡ
ؾһգҲˣĽӦľŻᱻһӦҲʲôΣյĵطѩȥȥɣôãҲóȥŷŷˡ


83 
ųǰˣİ۶Ҫˣ֪ԹԻѩٶȻģȻһˣ
ѩ٣ģҲǽģӵڻԽӣǶҵһνһɡ
ô죬ҲֻܽܰѩԼܣ϶Ǵ˰һЩοȻ¹ţҲʲô¡
ѩٻһ˳ڿʼҽСˣס˿ɱдˣ
ЦСףСȡ治ģǣСףҽվͳˣ㻹ʲôҪ׼ģ
ѩٵûˣͶ׼ˣϿߣ
ҲҪ񣬻ͷҲʥĵӣǸѩһͬĵȼӽӣڽ֮Ӵ϶ٰǾǸԵˡ
ѩٵǾռĸˣ˵滹˽еĻĻ᲻ʶġ
δأ۾̫Զˣʥȥһ·Ĳ٣ΪؾҲδػԸķʱһˣǿУǲΪȥ׾ͽˣΪĵӲΪһֵСºʱĲơ
ѧԺṩϣһұԤ棬ԷǶɽٴԲʿҪ£ҲҪɽٴԲΪĵӲܽ´С̶ȲڳȸΪĵӣŵǶ
ѩٵһ۾ǵ񣬼ѧԺҲʱˣԲŽӣѾ֣ʱȻȥһҪĿؾȵǱӾǵΪܽȥҪ뾭¹ͬ⡣
ѩٰ˰֣֪ʵҲǺǿĺòãҵβɶܳ顣
ôСʱͳˣοڣδأȻڰΪߡ
Ȼ֪ʵûһģǳʶһֱڻδͷɢȥ
ʱԨĵ̣ǴֱֱǴһѩٵֱ糵ţ˾Ѿ˷Ծƺķˡ
۷ֺ֣ܶԽķȻԽٶҲԽ죬ѩٻǰǶǸԼίģȻķۡ
ѩһ·ڸ¹СȰȣҿ˺ö໰Щ涼ַۣںϷһ£ʱճԻһЩдܻһЩݲصˣ۸ֱջ·Щᱻ֮Ȼ£ȻǸϹ񱦣
¹ЦŵҲֻлеģʿԼ޷ȷĶɷҲ׳
Ȼ޾ԣʼͣҪ©ֻƾȥ޵ħʯΨСģǶǻӺƭһЩδС˱ΪԼ֮ӣ־ܿˡ
ѩ٣Ƿ𣿡
¹ȻеģרŵĽ׼УڴģҲȥתת
ⶫѩٿɲʱȥҲУҪϲǾţʲôؼٿˡ
ȷһ˷ۼ̣ٶȺܿľͶ˷䣬ϵԺ䣬һǧ龧˷۵·ڣʮ䷿
ѩٵ˶˰ô෿仹Ҫ𣿡
εĿһֲۣѩ٣סһĿǰֲûǸȻҪóõģⵡ
⻰ȴֱֲ˵ֻõҲû٣ʮˣһԺӷǹˣԵùӵԿףסҲЩ
ѩٵ˵ͷ߾а˸ˣͬ¹һˣӰ滤Ҫסһ𣬵ȷЩӵˡ
֪ڣСһﶨȻĲɿ죬ѩٵǻãư˷֮¹ѩԼȥˡ
ССһۣڵʶ֮ȫ֣ѩʱԨǲӰ滤ô۸ȥȻûҪʱ̸ˡ
ԾδѩҲˣŻͷĴιһ£۴Ǵ󣬵ûԨԨķô
ص䣬ߵ滤ѾٶȼĽһӦƷȫ˸£ϰߵѬ㣬ϲƣڴͷ˼󴡣
ԸģΪ޵һҳɵС˯һʱû˯š
طİģƷϢϤģڴϸʱԨӰ˵Żѩ٣ϤУ˵û˯ˡ
û˶ӰСĵǰСϡ
Ȼϰ˯õС˭뵽ڱβѹһĺ飬ΪС˯΢ܾͱһµĴϡ
ѩٴδһ˳йڳʥ㣬ʱ̶ʱԨߣĻͷƳǰţС̲סҪˣδԶйѧÿؼҵˣ᲻Ӧʮ
û뵽ѩٵʮӦÿϱȻҪӰ۶ҪʱԨ֮⣬ÿ˯˯óԳԣְ㲻󣬻ʱʱļλ˵˵ʱ¹½磬˦űӹС
鷢չȻԤϣʱԨͥԺУϻһӰֻѾӳԼģ
½ȾһԱЦ죬ǰۿһȰķӰȻû˵ôֱӣ˼ȻСҪǾʹ
Сֹû֣ջΪǷϿмû˵Сȥˡ
½Ⱦһ̾˵ֻʵʱûһЩΪôҪˣ˼ҶأģĳЩԼ
ҪСеĶԣ˼죬ͦģĺúõģĴ˵һֱţ
ʱԨɨһۣУ
½Ⱦ˲ôˣͻȻҲ˳ˣ
ʱԨһ֣ӰЦˡ
ۡȡ½ȾæסˣǿԼ
ʧܣԼûסЦᱻȥڿæҹˡȻһ̵ܵˡ
ܵЦԶЦˡ
δ½Ⱦ˲˳۹ʱԨ￪ʼлĿ԰ȥһ
ǸѾֲ˼ӣǰ˵ǡ
ţѩͻȻһ硣
һĿ㲻˷˰ɣ
ø߽壬ᣬ˷磿
ѩǼ⣺ʮ˵߶ˡ
Ц߶˻𡣡
ѩٰһۣ˺߾ǰߣͱס죺߷ˡ
С󶼲·ɣƺͻߣѩٻ᲻ᱩ¶·ԣ
һ·붼ÿɰ
̧ϰԵҪѩٵԴһ࣬ͻȻ߲࣬Ҳǰͷˣֻźķ֣Ƶĸѩٵ
Сڷϵó㣬˷ϱеĵ̣ῪųһϿ˽а̯ףҪ̯ǾҪǮҵСӣֻǽȥйҪ
ѩø첲ҪǿʲôĶ˵Ҫ׼ЩҵİкüûҪƽʱ˺ööö
۾ҲҪżһ㣬ַϣٻܶࡣ
ѩپˣٻ
鱦ֶмٵǲʶһ̽ܿ𣿡
ǣһЩǵҩЩ˻һЩҩ֮Ҳ׿άָʮµģ˷ۣǷˣҲҲˡϷˣҪҵҲף򵽼ٻġ
ѩٵ֪δйٻ֣ʥСвмٻʥѧ̯λһۼ٣ײƽʱȥһЩҲģҪǣڳʥ飬ֳƣЩɵ˲Żٻ
⻹ѩٵһţ鱦ȻҲ١
ѩСϳ𣿡
бһۣɶһЩ֮δһϳ
ѩŶһǾǲˣÿϧѽһ뿴ٻء
һЦҲѩˣ򵽼ٻȴĺҪٻ
һЩ̿϶ģ̯˲ˣַϵĵ̣ܲˣĶúܣʿճõ񵤣ǼƷһ龧򵽣ǵҪ龧ֹ
ĺʿ̯࣬ϸ챦Ҳ࣬һ·ѩۻҵġ
˴ƣб
ⶫ찡СԵģʱ򻹻ǷʳǸմժģ滹һʯš
ѩתͷ漴۾˹ȥǱ𣿡
̯һͨҲͨСӣû̫飬֪뵽ʲô˲ǱеıҲһţòײŵģģ԰У֮ʳҲǴ;
ѩ٣ſ𣿡
С̯æǿɲУҾһ˷ƣиʲôʧܲ𰡣Ҳһء
ѩϸ˿ʵǮ
С̯˸龧
ѩֱҡͷ̫ˣ򱦸ҲҪôࡣ
С̯Цŵ˵ģʲôضҲҪòǣǶڣȥŶöû⣬Ľᾧ
ѩ٣ʮ龧Ҿ򣬲ˡ
С̯ҡͷ̫ˣ𡣡
ѩٳͷƵ߰ɣȥ𴦿
ҪߣС̯ᣬǺСӣСӣҪһ龧
ѩ٣ʮ
̯һҧ̾˿ˣ͵ǽԵˣȥɡ
ѩٳŷʾһ£ǰ̯һֽǮһֽ
ҡͷǿűŵ֪Ǽٵ㻹򡣡
ѩЦҪôٵģ㿴ǿ氡ô֪Ǽٵģ
һСԵĶⶫͨͨû⣬ûȥ
ƶǶѻɽˣԶԲ꣬Ȼܻ򣬻ּۻ۰졣
ѩٽս˴䣬пʲô𣿡
תת
ѩǻȥɣȥ¹Ӿʲôôٵġ
⼯һֱۿŻʱԣȲĺģҲһȥˡ
һԺ䣬ѩپ¿ˣ¹¹ҿ
¹զզܻʱͳˣһűЦŵȥתһСм˸⣿
ѩٽͥԺеʯϣǼٵģĺ棬ҪСʱϱǰıҲϲ㿴ǵ·źܾ£ȴϸҲ˵ǿž͸оֵֹġ
ѩ˵Ťͷȥ¹ܿôٵ𣿡
˵ɶһܿ¹˵ܿء
û뵽¹Ȼҡҡͷʶ̽룬Ǳ
ѩٰһİҲˡ
кöﻹֵûʮ龧ȥ򰡡
һԵİЦ˼ٻˣѩˣȴˡ
¹ʵǺ棬пǣʲôڣпơ
ѩһҲǣҲʲôĶҪǱǾпҷųԵˡ
⿪ƿʱ˵ӿһɼϢ¶Ĺű˸ǣһɺѩٻδӦ¹˲һ硣
Ǳ鱦ٶһǺУһȼŻķϵһ쳹ʡ
¶һ˲ͱ¹Ľˣͬʯչ¶ʵģҲ¹ؽδеơ
ѩٿǿźͮͮĹӣ滹ӡлһͼֽϸղ̲סʲôҸòǿһ˵ɣ
Ҳʲôϡ棬廹ڣ޻˽Ƿˣѩһ㶼÷жϡ
Ҫǿһ˵ǲǾ͵ð˰ôС
¹ѩ٣ƺҲЩΣⲻǷ˵һ񼶵
ѩ٣񼶣ǲף˵̧ͷ˿죬δƲ׽١
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һֱվԱߵİϾǸӣȥٻ˵ͻȻе㻳ˡ
ͨ˹ԣͬʱԨҵһ㣬ضԣĵطһ˿ֻܸ֮أһֺ⾳ܶ򣬼̷пܡ
޷Ҳһԣ֤һ·ԺҪʹ˿ﲻ˵֮٣ϡеޣɴ˿ɼжˡ
ͷһۣŶãСһҺô˴ݣ߻¹ڣֲ֪Ҫķ粨ˡ
ã˴λȥԺСԳУǵٵȸһˡ


84 
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鱦ҵľٶ̯͵һĴȣԼˡ
Ҳûף˵һףΪϹ֮ƣÿˮ£ܸһ˿⣬ֻҪһ޴ȷѪ
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׵̯һٱ̯鱦пǴյĸƢζۣȥģҪõѪ
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һ죬ѩ裬һ˴Ӱ£Ǳ߾ԳʱԨӰʱԨڣæһ˵Һ¹ڣҰϢסˣˣ˼һΪǰõģƲǸ۵˻龧
ȥ²ڳ£ʱԨȻɫ仯󣬵Ѿٲѩٵȥˡ
Ҫֿ˵֪СֵһҲȲͼ֮Ϲ绻ˣѩٵٶ֣иʲôһ嶼ֲˡ
ʱԨ˵ѩСô˵ѽңûɣ
ʱԨʲôʲôȫʵʵĻó³çԺһ˳ˡ
ʱԨ߶ܱȲ˵ǿ߶ѩٶ˿ҾǺ˼ôٵģ˭֪滹ѽԨԨӦúɣõ𣿡
ʱԨòϣԼžǡ
ѩٵ𣿡
ʱԨȻܣպˣй¶ϢȻɱ֮
ѩٲŲʲôɱ֮ͻʵʵĴԨԨͻʲߣ۳ˡ
ԨԨ¹˵˸ٻɳܷ𣿡
ʱԨѩ٣뽫˹˭
ѩٺٺЦţü嶼ɣ½ȾҲΪ˺þãҪʮյҵ϶ܸˣҪĺ½Ⱦ塣
ѩٿյȻҲɣѽҲ㲻񣬻ʮ궼û⣬½Ⱦ壬ɺþüˣٲ񣬶Ҫˡ
ٻٻѩоȻѾ˿Ҫĳ̶ȣʱԨ֪ø̾ѩٶʱĸǸ½Ⱦѩٵ϶ˡ
ȻԶǽƾһܳģ½ȾȷڳżˣֻǷȱһ˿ԣ²ǿ㼴㽫͸Ҳδһٳ񡣡
ѩٱӰڴϷһȦβڱζںĥۣҲǻһȥͰ½Ⱦ壬ϣؾҲܵЩöȻʮҪ֪ҵ˺öȴûŸҪˡ
֮ǰȸ𣬵ȸԨԨʣȸȸ֮Ѫʺ飬ڵȷ½ȾΪҪףдʮ壬̫
Ȼѩپǰ䣬ôȷЩƫģϣһؾٵЩöʱ򲻹ʲôҪ͸ǺͻʲߵﶼһҪģ
ʱԨǱ߶ؾڴչѩһЦǴؾûʲôöѩٽȥˣҪʧ
Խƺ򵽴۾Ҫһ£Ϊ;·һЩǳأԻͣգһͣȻӷȥˣʱ鱦ɾͲôˡ
ֱٴ̣ѩٵεǹȥˣʱ˭Ҳ벻ͷϡ
˵꣬ѩټԺûȥ£ȥתתʲôȷžǡ
ѩȴһķŴʥӡľڣٹվ͵۾ˣǱϾΪȥģȻ㰲ȥҪ΢˽һ£ҪؾǵΪȥǾȥˣܲܰһˡ
һȽ棺㿴ʲôûС
ѩٺϾڣҾǾ֣ҪҪ壬ǰųϢ׼𣿡
νӵ۾ǳӵвԤ棬˭ǲ֪кγԹҲ֪ԷΪӦڶɽٴԲ
۾ǵشƫԶĳΪҲǶɽٳڣ𿴳ʥɼͦ࣬ڵĴǣ˱ĵطɽʿѾĴˣΪһɽٴԲʿɱֻ֪Ԯ
ѩٵҿдѾɱˣ˶ǳӵģҲ˵ԤʱڣʵʵڳϣǾͲᱻɱ˵ǲǺ֣ΪʲôһҪʱأѵҲҪʲôʽ𣿡
ЦЦ֪ʱ䣬ֶ׼ߣǵıɲأô˵ǸǸʱ˽ʲô
ѩٲ²ѵǸ˼ʲô
ȥ˾֪ˣҰһʿȥ£ʱ䵽ˣ˰շԤ涨Ȼɱʱһץöʾǡ
ô򵥵һӣƣʥǱߵΪĽӲˣΪĲмӣҲֻǴ׬֣ûԴ
Ҳѩ٣һνѧԺ񣬶ʲôʡ
˵ĵĺ棬ѩٿ䴰ϵİ֮ǰȥҵǼʳʲô𣿡
ìˣϣүүǱ˰ɣһĲ˲ìܣ壬ճһϣֵ˻ʯǿ˺츳˰ϵĽգһ÷ܼѣһǺ츳ߣû䣬Ŵ˻ʯ⡣
ҲǰϵΪλʱԨصԭ򣬵Ҳ·ߣֽչֳһ壬ϵӮϣȴһһ͵֮¶óʵǸЦ
˵ļѩҲУҲˣҲûԿǡ
ΪѩʵʵԺУδһ·˳ĵ۾ǡ
ѩδȴϡ
ȻΪǶȻҪһ˵ġ
ǰֱӳʾʥƱݣǰӭӵǳĶӣȥʱ򣬵СҲڸϣλҲʥӣ֪Ƿʶ
ȺŽɫݵѩ٣ô֪Լ˼Ҹϣ
ͷһ£ȴֻüҲδ¶ʲôɫ
ںͬݵ¹ȴǲźۼչʶλڵСɵһ˿ɻ
Ų΢٣ȻǳȻرֳһĨСҲʥӣͬԺϵһֱԵüδ뾹Ȼڴ˴ԵС֪ӿɷΪ
æҵСƢˣ֪ͬԺˣ˵ҲǸ˵ġ


85 
ˣðС˵ʥˣŰ
ܿ侲ʥΣܲôùƫƫС׽˰ɣֻҪС׽ˣȻܿǼٵģԼСס̬˵ͬԺѣԸüǣ֪ԷĸԺϵģ
ߵһϣԺĵӡ
ʱ˿СԺͬһԺϵԺǱǻϵԣҲС׽ȥδʶС
ôһ룬̬ˣɡ
Ӧŵ£ܿһ˾ųǸðƻڵԺ䡣
ѩ̤еʱʶԼɻ棬ΪǸСȻСʱģ˵ж񣬼ֱ˵һģһ
ѩ¹䣬СĴȻøһģһ
ӱ˵ϿԼСʱѩپú氡ͻȻͶ岮Ϊʲôôϲˣཱུžͺܺ
صǣСʱ򳤵ÿ¿ôģҲǺÿġ
¹ɨϷˣѩٻص죬СЩĪ¶ݡ
ѩٵ˵ͷԹԵСվһԡ
Ҳ²죬Ҳֻǲѩʱһģһ̬ȴ֮ѩٲߣҲὫϴֻǼðСðɽڵʿ⵹˼
˼ȴһƽðƻ΢΢С
ǵķӦ˳׷ǹȻʶСǶСļӵҶͬţ˶λǰǷҲǽѧԺ񣿡
ѧԺ֪
ǣҵȽ̣û뵽Сҵһ
ЦŵҷзЩҲŸյգδ壬ãһͬҵ顣
ӦһƺЩֵĿС
ó˵ʵȻһֱ˻֣ܳɳٽ꣬δѰԵҪŬһǡ
ðƻʶѩٵģҲʶ֪ѩѾ۳ˣ˵ʥӶǣѾԱˣʶС֮һģʥӣ᲻֪С졣
ѧԺҲ֪ðƻӺδ֪ٽСݣ֪ʲôĿġ
һʱ̵ҲܲˣҲҵ۳Ͷ٣ۼ֮ٽӦúϢԷǿвǣС£ҵиˡ
λȺúϢɣ֮£Ժ顣
ʥĵӵλ󣬶ö߽࣬ΪʿҲ࣬СȻݹأСΪͣ߻δҪԼ»ָСӡ
ǲҵһȥһԺһȺź뿪
һ뿪ѩپզˣĸһģһ˵᲻һ
Цһ㵱Ϊǰһ˫ôܣ˵ͬ鿴ʲôֶλûģҡײƭ
¹Цſѩ٣ڵһֵͬܣԼ֪
ѩٻ֪ģҲһһģҲһֲһȻ֪ĵһͻȻǰһˣֿαװĺۼȻŻ᲻һ
¹֪¹ɷ񿴳Щʲô
Լʶ̽ԷģϢȻûҪ˹ҲڳˣΪ㲻øߣҲǶɽʿֱԵ½ΪѾǺĴˡ
¹ûģǳɢĵҲϢϣǱ¶ʶ̽Դ֮ôδʲôһڻû֮߽
ʱԨһ۾ܿѳ񣬵ʱж̣꣬ܶ෽滹Ǿ鲻㡣
СƵҡײƭ𣿡ˣҪƭǮ
ƵδҡײƭбʲôĿģֻû뵽ײǡ
ҿΰɣֻҪƭǮƣ뿪ʱٽҴĿģǵʱֱӴسʥǣʴǡ
ѩһ̱ű˶һŸһģһ֡
Ц¹һ㣺ֻˡ
ѩ٣ǰһߣ᲻Ҳĸ̰
¹⻹治һлûǳҲܻûʱģ
ѩٵǲҲĶȻĻġ
ѣ֮ģһƬɣҪϢȴס
ѩĺ棺Ҳ֪ʲô
֪ܻ֪Ѿ˶ǸðƻΪߣ㶼δҰȽǡ
Ǹյ츮ײһðƻ뽫̫ľߣҺð˶ֻ࣬һɽѩҲһӰðƻһһǼһк춯Ҫһʱ¡
СɲΪ˻ˡ
е˲ģѩٻص˰źõķæİӰ˳ԨԨԨԨһðҵˣ
ʱԨյӰϢԪ½ķأ뿴ԶҲʱ鿴۾ǷһУ
Դ˿һӰѩ˵һˮڴϷȥ
ͷڵ㣬ָԭģСĺѹ˺üӡҲ۲ãƬʵŻ΢΢Щ⣬ٹһʱ䣬һϸƤģ˯ס˺Ĵˡ
ԨԨ˵ǸϾʲôȻܱҵӣҪѽ
ʱԨΪδ뿪ʥǺǣȥȥҲЩȥһЩƫԶĵطð㣬Ͳ±˲𴩽¶ϵĶԼȥ֪̽ˡ
ѩٱӰԨԨҪҲ˾ͺ¹Ǹʲôڣһһ۾Ϳˡ
ʱԨЦֻµʱ뵽ҡ
ѩŲǣһֱģȥǸؾҾͻˣȻԨԨҰɣҴؾܿȻǾһؼҡ
ʱԨԼţҪȥ㡣
ѩڴϷˣԨԨҺòãҪؾ̫ˣֵʲô¹ʱ̣ûôѹסô죬
ʱԨ˵ؾտҲûʲôֵǮĶѩǴǵȵģӦһֱȥļƣʱԨֻõؾ˵
ѩҪʱԨѾ׼ˣС̫ڣ˭֪·ֻڳʲô˩Լ߷Щ
ܵʱԨһ仰ѩپ֪ʱԨЭˣٲһʱԨ϶ܴӦ
ðƻ»һΣѩٵһŸ֪ľʱԨ˵֮ȥʮϪ廹лʲôϡ£ȻҪߵ˷
ʮһͨѩٵӰǱͷ߰ѩ٣ֱ˫ĿһɣôˣźأǾźģͷ·Ҳ㴩ã˵Ǳߵ˲ף㿴ųȥãƯĴ󱦱ͳˣ
ѩٲΪİһͷźˣҸոڴĥأʮҸ˵
ʮ߶ʱˣ£ʲô£ֿˣ
ϴϹȥУһĸĸεѩٵô죡
ѩٵһðҵˣСʱ򳤵һģһǸһİ˵һкĻûεı
ǿʮߴһϣΪ߲Ǵ𣬰ץɱ˾ǣʲôʱȫˣðСⱾ
ǿѩףЩһֱԹԴڻʳĶûȥðСġ
ѩٿûɱ˶ᱦ룬ǸںҲֻðԷðʲôأʲô˵ɡ
˵ðƻ£ѩıһʮȥؾڱںöö౦
ʮЦŵʲôˣȥʶһÿľͺãֻҪһͷ˿Ļʮõıˡ
һСӣž͵ŸǴҪСôأǵȷǺöΪѩٸ˱˾
ѩΪ²˵ӣʮ°ͣѩٻǿԺúң˶ʥǼҲ׬
ðƻ˶ţж˵µǿץȽˣȵøʿ֮ʲôԹ
λʱѩٿһۣüĿǻˣѩٲϲˣЦټٵģһһŮϯֻӺӣӾ˵չδСδ
֮⣬֧࣬ǲ֪һ֧ɱ֮
һˣʱ仹δҲõȣֱó븮˲ǲ׼뿪Ϊ˶ɱ˼ˣֻҪ˶֣˾ܰץ
ھԵǰһͽ͡
ðû뵽ǣû뿪˳ȴˡ
Ϊܼ򵥵£ȴԤϣͱӰ֣ò׵˾Ԯˣٴľս﹫߿еʿģѵʿȲ
ѩٳ¹Ҳ˳Ҫ뿪ĻҲ𣿡
¹ᡣ
ѩ٣û˳֣뿪ȴˣôģ
¹йƾж
һ֣ѩ˶ˣ޲ϰβͷųһƬûвس棡
Ҳ˵һҪȵ˸ʱ䣬ԣȵʱ䣬ҲһҪ֣ȥһˣǱʲôˣеӦѾˣʱȫԸɱˡ
Ƶ˵ͷԻҪҵԴ
ѩٿǸһ֪ԴʲôԼ֪
¹ʲôҲɡ
ѩæ飡Ƕ˹ƣҲŲҪ
ģϸɾĺܡ
˳ȥԹѩǰûմĶһӦԺȣһ·϶Դģһ¹һŽʳǵʳԲʲô⡣
˵꣬Ļͽˣʬ壬˿
ѩʵ˿ʲô
ƵһƹƷǹƵĶʱǧ˿߹ᴩ࣬ǧ״ǶֶȴйƵԣ˵ͿɰѴ˶˿֩ĵ֩룬ܿ³ÿһ˿һ趨ķΧ˲ɱ˿Ƶⶾ˶
ⶾоܲҸⶾڳʥǣǾܿǾǹˡ
ƣУһ֮࣬Ҳ˵˵ʵжǿ̳Χ֮סһǳû⣬Ƕɽʿٽ֮ǰӳȥʱĵص㣬ӦɿƵķΧ
ѩٷӦܿҲ˵Ƶ˾ڸ
㲻ڸҲһڸȻ̫ԶĻӦþ͸֪Ƶûʵڸ˰ɡ
ȴӸɡ
ѩٵֱӽⶾ𣿡
Ѷˣʧȥ˶Ը֮˵Ŀƣɱ˾ֻԼֻҪǵ˾ܰ˸ץʱʲôԹģ˫̸ܺͽֳܱĺá
ƵֻϿֶĽⷨҲ֪
һԵ¹ñ˿ɽ⡣
ü˿ϵҩҲ˵۸񣬾ⶫҪҲ̾򵽵ġ
ѩ٣ۡ
תͷѩֱӴӴȡһһİɫ˿껹ɢű֮黨ɣкöࡣ
ƺܵϾˣЩСĶȥѧԺ񶼲ģѳԺ֮⣬ͳճ߶ǵĸ䱦꣬ͳճĵط
Щ̫ĶҪƵС㹻ǷŶŲˡ
ȻҲ֪ѩٹ߰䱦ôһӣЩ⣺ⶫ;㣬ƵҩҲڵôʲôܲǿúÿɣ
ѩԼǵЩĻǴĶģǸɣؾʮҩأջİɡ
Ҫôã
ãһ͹ҲװƷѣҳ棬ȻҪԱ
±Ϊ׬֣ﻹڵģҪǾöԿɲɡ
ѩٺܷĵĽ˰δֱӸ˽ⶾĽ˹һ飬ȷҲ˿
֮ǰ븮Ҳʬģ֮ǰȫǱжԷ֪ģžֵҲ
ǶǰǾͷˣô븮ΪնĻɱء
ⶾ˾֮űµģ֮ǰѾˣ֮£˵һ㣬˶Ȼڸ
ǶɽٳڵΪ֮ǰϲ̽ϢǶɽٴԲȻͬΪɽڣһʵ⣬ɼҲ©һȥ֪ҪɱǣܲԱֵ
¶ΣҪôǸʦҪôѲڸС
ʬнѾɸ˶˿ڲȷˣѾŹˣɫ侲֪﹫кμƻ
Ӧ֪Ҫ˶Ҫ˿
ͷ˳ȥϢȴܴݳȥģҸϵȥѰ˿ˡ
ֻǷǰǾͲ֪ˡ
УͿԸⶾýڵǸ˿ҵ˵Ĳ֮ء
²Ѱ죬ʵ֮ע˶Է䲻˶ãգͽŴ˿ҵ˶Դ
ץĻְȻûѩٸţѩɻҲѱ֤ʱܹȫһʧ
ѩô̸ȥæӰڷͨ龵ǱߵĶ
û뵽ǣ˳ŶԴһ·ҵҴӱչ֮ء
΢΢ü;ӵıչЩףҶ챻ˣؼʱھȻء
ȴֱӱɫ´ʲô⣬ֱǿб˱չشʯų˽ȥ
ܿʯڵͨӰ򴫵ݵѩٵ龵ϣѩٸ;΢ţ¹һֱ֣Ӷ龵ϵĻ档
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ѩٻǿˡ
һɫʯ̨ϣᱡ΢ĿһƬմȾ˺۵ѩףڼܿ˵ϸݵĽϲʯ̨˫ָǱţҲ֪Ļ̫öճѪ죬һף͸һĨ֮ɫ
ҵĳԤ׵ĳ˵ǰ
ȻⲢص㣬ص˵ϣѹһˣ
ɫ˿ۣ½󿪣˲ŲæĽʯ̨˵ĳһԣ¶žɫգ̧ͷŴһȺˣǹһĨаЦ


86 
ѩ˫죬Сͨ죬һ˫۾ǵɵôģ˾֮̾ɫ¹̲ס
ԭΪӺܼ򵥣ѩٱɣҲԣֻҪ߻ŶԷİȫɡ
ų࣬ڳֺԤ׵ײ£¹һʱ䶼֪ҪζʱԨˡ
ʱúõģȻȥ֮󣬻֪Ϊⷬʶʲôء
ӣʱԨ̫˼һ궼չ˵İȵģŶã˲Ĺ
ѩ۾תһһµ龵ɨȻԺչĲˡ
¹ֱӽ龵ҵˣµ°Իᴦá
ѩ٣롭
¹ֱӴĻ㲻룬Թڷš
ѩײ£¹һʹӷȥˣȻҪȥǸ׺úýǣ
¹һߣѩæӰͣãʱԨǱûõ˼УʱԨΪʲô£һֻˮ鿴Ǳߵһ߽ͨӰôˣ
ѩٱӰ˷ܣԨԨҸոտǺ벻£
˿ʼ˵Ȼ˵˳ŶԴҵ˱չصʯңȻ޵ĳѩ˵е㲻ģ¹ҿˣһ֪淢ʲôأҲ֪ʯ˭Ǹһ磬ǲ֪ŵ磬˵ˡ
ʱԨȥ
ѩٶʱ֧ˣ𣿡
ʱԨԡ
ѩٶһˣֲһ꣬ȻﻹǺӣͨ궼Ѿһˣܲڵ壬һȴ¶ֻǴ
οЩԽţԽ׼ģ鱩¶ܲڴ֮ͥй֮£ѩȥֲ˲ŲΪδܵõ㣬Խǡ
˵ˣ±Ϳŵĺܣоƫʱ֣ѩ廹δɣδ֪ĺ棬ôҲû
ʱԨѩټǷһĳ˷䣬׷˸յʯſڵ¹
¹һ̲סЩΣԹԴڷ
ѩֱ׳ԨԨ˵ԿԨԨ
˵һ̵ʯܡ
¹ֻø˽ȥ
ʱʯҲûзеĴ򶷳˫š
ѩȺð˸ͷΧʯҵǰˣǶǰĸ֮ˣǶ֪ѩٵݣСˣæλ
תͷʲô
ѩǱɨɨ֮ǰʯ̨ϱѹ۸ѾϵǱʲôˣϻһʵ·ɫûΪⱻײ¶ʲôա
֮ǰΪĶŵʱֱһֻըëʨӣŭ˫Ŀ죬һҪǸƴļơ
ͬɫ䵭䵭дһɱ޿֡
ˣԼʾ⣺Ǵȥ
ȴǿҴӣļ£ȷҪ˲֣
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޵Ŀһۣó̫ˣһ㣬ֱӽ˴ͺã
æֱһһĽ˸Ѻˡ
ѩЩ֪Сĸ¹ǲˣ
ѩ٣ղһӦñ
ѩһͷˮѵΪ¹ԨԨ
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Ѷĳӱץˣȴû뵽ȻֳץģҪǣǸԼΪؿõĴӣʵǽûա
ߵڶδ侲Ķ磬Сô£
СĶʿ˭أ졣
ʱٿˡ
ʯҳ¹ֱ·˵Ԥ棬㷢ģ
ӣҲ𢵹ǹϲ䣺ûҡ
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𢿴Ҵӣ֮ǰѪȾ˫乴ϹƤĵһ㣺ȻԹ
ոմһƶ¹˳Щһ뵽ѩٿֲĻͷҲڽµȫɱˣӣʲô˵ģ
ҴӴ޻˵йߣɱҾǡ
⻰ȴһѽȼˣɱ㣿ôõ£ҹѪϵһһѣζңҪһһʵֻ
һѩٸˣڰԱվŴҪôɱ˱ǲɱ
кޣҪɱˣ᲻á
ѩ٣ʲô˼к᲻ãǶิӵԣоһе㲻̫ˡ
ܿĶ¹ôῴӣ˷ģϻǲϣ
ƽɫ£û˿־ϡ
¹һ̧֣һöɫСҩ豻еĸǰˣԾɡ
ɫһ䣬˹ȥȴһεסˣһӺԥĽöɫҩȥ
ҵ˶ˣӦǳŶӳ˹ȥӶ
ѩٴξסͣĶԥһµģҲ̫˰ɣ
ӿԼĸףȴͻȻЦ˳ǰʧԺڲٺˣԲĽ̫ˡ
Ϊճӣ̫̫ɼܰܺޣҪĿ˼񣬲в̤벽ΨһĶ֮٣Ҳ豨
𢲻ףһ̯ǰʱѾû·ˣܵһѣԻõĹޡ
ֱױۣӶδٿһۡ
վ˶ⶾΨһһΰٳݣ˼ɡ
ΪǼ㲻మģǰնҲЩ㺡
û뵽ͽлֺãȻ衣
Ц̫Цˣõķ˶ԣǺ޵Ҫŵ衣
Ȼ۵㣬н۵ĨȥˣֻҪۣӴķţҲ޹ˡ
ӵڵϵ˲䣬ֱǰһڣΪԽߣԽѷãһŮֱ֮ңҴѪģСδʧ죬ȴеļ󶼸ˡ
һʱܲ˶ʵɥ֮ʹֱѪӿˡ
޷ΪĴɲζͼµĵҩƳûãѾϢˣҲӦ
¹ûǺηӦֻǿ𢣺֮ĳԹӦ˽ᣬٽתƵ޹˵ϣǱֻܽǽˡ
𢲻Ըǰǹɢȥ͵ӣһƿܣ˵㲻׼ǰЩ軹ûʸ
𢣬¹˵⣺ɱ
͵̧ͷˣ¹΢΢Σɱ֮£Ϊҵĳӣ۾ǵٳܻ⽫ǲĳ̯ǰĿĲҪӸ߸֮קǱֻ˵ˣȷõııԸˡ
Ȼڳ˭ܿóһ𢲻ֹûбĿУܽʵҲ
ҪΪ¸ۡ
Ѫ˫ۿİһЦҪ죬ֳ֮㣬ΪŪˣⲻ֪һ鳬أܲĴۡ
ܲʵҲԸʵֱץϵӣһ˲뿪˴˵ء
ҪȥˣҿԾӵˣôˣţ
ȻԼҴ磬ΪȲ𢣬Ϊһأǰ˶ˣûָЩδһ¡
æǸͨµˡ
¹ˣǽڵ˿ˡ
ҵĶӡ
¹˭˭ҵȴ˴ǰǽΣΣѹҪȥ׷ٳʬҵ¡
Ҷ㣡
Ļδ˵꣬һɻǳ
ǺǳȻֻǺǳ⣬ͬһѹѹ籾ʵϵȼ·ϡ
ӵˣٱ֮ѹ£˼Ļסδ£ǼæϢƽڷӿѪ򶨻˼
¹ǲδŭֻɫ̸֮ĴΪ˸ҲкܴΣΪʧְ֮ɳֶ̿Ի˾λʱ㣬п֮λ߾֮
û뵽ԭ֮ȴԼصĶӣ֮λҪסԷΪԶ֮ϣܵ˾£˵ûʲô֪ݱ»֮ʣ֪ʱΧ۵С˹ȥ
ССΪ
֮䶨ֻԵΪ棬Ҵ֮Σ˽·ŵ޼ɣٰ裬˺һԵΪǣǻ
ͼԼܹһһأ֮ͥ½ҴӲһ汩¶ս˱
ֻ֣޹ϵôͷϣǲСû취
ֱ˵󣬵̧ͷ֮˿ȥȻ˷·Ϥһе˫Īֲ̿Ԯֻõ£Ҳ
æôᣬСֻǿҼһεϡ
򲻸ҹľֲ뱩¶ݣæʾһ£Щ˽ܽᵽ̨ǾͲýˡ
ҲɵģȻðƻݣӵ˰ʾʱ˵ȴҲΪСˣ֮λ˵ҵҵȴҲ˼ɲܱⶨʧְ֮ģ
˵꣬תͷ۰һˣȻǵѾɣλɡ
æץŸ׵֣Ǻ
һֹס˶ӵĻǺĳΣȥ˵ȥ
뿪ҵʱѩãȻգգۣǱϳˣ
Цһɲǣһα˸ϳȥʡ
ѩٿ¹ոΪʲôѽΪûԹԴڷ𣿡
¹ЦЦȻǣңʵġ
ѩٲ⣺ôˣ
¹ҵ£٣һЩ¶ѡ
ѩæʲô°Ǹӵ𣿡
¹ҡҡͷǳ£Ҫãȴּƽӹԭһӣ츳ͨʮˣδ壬һ꣬׹ɻԭܲ˴ҲգڵĸӣǲͬŮЩŮһ츳ϳ֮ˣ⼸ŮȫŮ츳׿
ѩӦǲ̫Щƣ¹ôһ˵͵ЩŴط̥ĸӶĸ׵츳ĸڵ֮ĺӵǿ츳۾ȥĸӡ
ѩüĺû
ģһƽӹĶӣҲǱɱģһ֮⸮һܽź˶ΪΨһСڳ
ѩٵģĲΪһ֮ҪǸʲô˾ĳ飡Ǹ˾ӣͬ۰ɣ
Ҫ֪ԽƫԶĵطһ֮Խʵۣ²ӵģѹˡ
¹ȥǣðҲһڳе飬鵽ĶĲ۾ǵ˾ҲԴˡ
æӦһ
ѩٵȥĶ
ȥؾ͸չȥ⸮е¸סˣؾδ򿪣ʱ䡣
СѩٶѣǸðƻ
ѩٵˣǸٵġ
¹ЦЦһ˶žǡ
黹Ҫʱ飬ؾˣǴؾ۾ǣ˹ȥܿ졣
ؾϢȱһӦȻҪڱ˷֮ǰ½磬赲ؾϢ磬ҪǴɽȣҪ
ѩһ˵ʱ඼ˣȺһưͷϻһ˿ӳڣųǲС
ûݵλ󵽣ĳٵݵλ󵽣Ǿѹų
һǰһȻ㲻ʽûС壬ΪӮϷ׸ŮңȻȲЩϹŴĸ塣
СãʶΣͬͬʳϵλЩͬˣԼһӲŻų
δ̼ŭָֻɹֲңҪֲֻ֪ĸ۵ľȻİ˼˻ʯϣöóõȡʯЩС˷Щʱ䡣
Է̵ɫδ䣬һСҰ˼ȥҲú÷ʡ֡
бһۣĲ飬ⱻĻҪʡʲô
˵žҪˣһ곤վ˳ˣˣ㳳ҲʧݣϣǰѾվؾȥһʱ䣬ץϢ֣ĪҪʱ˷ڲҪĿ֮ϡ
Ľ٣ʱԨߵ½ȾһȻٳͷһƺ췢Ӱ˰һۣתԼй
ѩٵˡ
֪ҿˡ
ѩһĿ㾹Ȼûдȥ
°ԵҲûӡ
ʲôϣ˵ܾʹܵĵطôԵǰԵǴ߲һ
ѩһĵצӣС̳ڹŶ
ֱͷߣһѣΨ²ҡ


87 
ɽУйֻһǸղ˵Խģ񣬳Ȼ̫㡣
һǺëӮֱϵѪȻ츳һһ̰ǶеĶôС
һϣҲһеĴ壬ϲôߵƵ֣йҲѰ
ѩٴ˹𣿡
Ȼˡ
йûУⶫɲҪУҪʦƣҺʱ㹻ĵ鱦ǽ鹻ûʦԸô໪ʵĶ
һˣǴϣӲܶ游й
ղŵĳѩҲˣԾܱ˱ȥǵǵĶ𣿡
ʶɨһۣٲһ
ôܱϵĻ㣬ϣǵйˮйûпɱԡ
ѩæǲУҵģ
ʮӰ죬Լ˱ȣ棬Ҫ˱һȵģ
ѩٽԼĹһδ룬һףһޱΡĹ˲ռһɽͷ
Ρģǿ𣬼ǴԽסйԶѩ
ΪѩٶƵйʲôʲôſڵ̵ʮϵƣ˵ǳ֪˶ٺöôǿҪнڵͲ֪Ҫʿ̽ˡ
ƣһƾ㹻ˣԽĶȲϣ˵ϵˡ
ʱȴһΡ
εĿѩ٣Ҷ
ѩ̧ͷһۣѽ
йԡ
ѩѽһˮԣǻԣô죬ס𣿡
¹ΣƸΣЩĸһЦȴЦ
ססֶʵӰ첻ֻǡ
ţʹһЦǸӮһЦӣйĶ͵İɣ԰ϣȻˮԵйҪйò˵֮õйһЩĹ
ȴǵתʾ̧ͷ˿Ҷб㽫⻰صʥǺ˵һΡ
ӮЦ˲ֹסˣǲмһ򹷻ˡ治֪һʲôʺˣȻСۡ
ѩ˫ĿһɣҪǻǵԼݣ̲סҪȥˣֹۣȻ㣡
йνؾʵ¡
ѩȴ̲ţȽؾҶҪĻԵȫ⣡
˵Żץѣ˸ơ
ЦŵãĻԵ⡣
ȻôѾˣؾ󣬸ݲ̽ɽµʿ룬ѹΪȴˣɴ˿ɼؾԶûؾôǿ¡
ڵΪڻڣѩֻԪӤڣǻͷͻԪӤͬΪڣǼ˶ǿڵģֻѩٲûдɽڵĻҪȥ»ÿĻ
ǲ̫޳ѩٽȥģɶɽʿ֤ؾһΣճ̶ȵģʱԨˣȷǻѵõؾѩٽȥһҲɡ
ʱλɻؾţ˲룬ܽؾĶһ壬ȻԻ˳ۣ鱦ǿ϶ģһ㣬Ϊ鱦ɱͬ壬һЩԱӵؾٰȫ֣ؾҲ˴⣬񱦣δػ֮ͬ顣
ѩٵͷİɣġ
ǲĵҪʱ¶סˣһжûȫҪ
ѩٻζҡŵÆ°ҲҪΣպΣյʱҾֱӻΪܣ֤˭Ҳ׷ң
ĩˣŰһ䣺Ҳ׷ϡ
ƽͷһΰѩ鵽ģµˣҲֻһһˣôأҪǿԣ޲øӽѩ˨Լϣʱܷ̿ġ
ҲֻΪ̫ˣѾǳɾ㹻ʵȻͲ˵򿴻λʲôˡ
ԺҲѩһˣһĵģ̫ˣԼˣѰ
˳ȥ̽ؾˣѩйУŨˮ֮ĺŹ̲֭סʳڣ¹Ǹ𣿡
¹ЦЦԸˡ
ѩٻǾеֵֹģ̫ʵ̫ˣҪ˵ͷ
յü¹ЦģȫԼˡ
ѩ٣ʲô˼
¹һ־֮ض˯ǧ꣬仹ģػǸزסȲˣӾˡ
ãںޣһõľŮʫĽǲǾͲһˡ
ϧûԿӺ𢣬¹뿴һڵĻᣬһʲôĽ֡
ҪӾǧ꣬ǧĵȴ尾ʧãӦ̻ܽʲôϧǰˡ
ѩٵ뷨⣺ҪһӲˣúͷʬ޵İʬءΨһĻ·ˡ
¹Цŵİö޵˴ңǵԺԼģ˸ֶ
һ㰮⣬ǳ;˺ѷΡ
ѩٵˮҡͷĺܲ⣬ϲϲϲͲϲϲȴ˺£ֱвġ
˵ľҪǣ޹ˣֵҪ壬۾ֻƫԶСǣҲˣ˰ȥô򵥵£һҪǣأ˲޹Ĳԩô
Ȼ벻ͨѩپΪؾڱ
һʽĴؾѩװ׼׵ģĹģֶֻҪˣ·ҲԨԨƵķϵߵһͳһȫȫβĳ϶û⡣
ȥ֮ǰһ顣
ΪֱϵѪҲһ壬Ȼ츳ǿûɵǶϷͥģʵҲǺܲӱȽ϶ôϲ򽻵
ͬǰڵ֮⣬壬ֻֻϵҪǴѪԽԽ٣⽫֧ȺؾҲֲǸź
ȺͬҲͬΪǴϷ˵ͬԴǻԣǸӮİԵƢŻơ
ˮԣģܿһһ۸ڶߣûʲô
壬ˮҲлԣȺСڸԵĵؽγưԣϴ壬Ǿû˵ķˡ
ѩվڰִ˴ıʵǱߣϷŮһ壿ǸŮ˺üۡ
һġ
ѩ٣ǿǸʲôѽˣģƽƽҲˣǿеˡ
ܿҡ
ѩ٣ƽƽҾͲֵ˿ˣҪǸ˵ǣ̲ס˸ȥ
Цˮйĺܡ
⻰ѩٶʱЩС⣺۹⡣
һۣ˼óʲôһй
ѩæŲҶƵģʱһõģҲ
ѩپܾҲ֪ܣѩӵеĺܶ࣬ƽմ󷽵ĺܣԵĺȵõģֻҪУֻҪߵҪܺԥóˡ
ڼ˵Ķȴںĺܣ˾͵һЩֵ龧СƷѩٶкú˵ŨŨйܽóųǰѣ͵ĶѩǾȥ˽׵ġ
˰дʱԽѾ˵ˣҪ˼ؾǾߣҲͬ壬ƾʵᱦȴɲ֮ͬɱ䣬ÿһʮˣʱСΪϡ
ؾһϵȽȥ
ѩٿ¹ȥ
¹˵ͷԼСһ㡣
˵ųͷƶ˵ǸˣؾڶһЩ
æӦǡ
¹ѿѩϵͷڽȥЩ˵Աûģؾ޼ޣѩٴ򲻹Ҳܹġ
ȸýȥ˶ȥ֮󣬸ĸ߽ʿֱԭش⡣
Խų¹˹һŵɾǰƺδڰм
ܴ󣬵ܷһһܷɵĸָ˲˵˶֪֪ףԷ֪¹ͷųϢΪԽЩɻ
мλ֪ģλʵûзɣ½ˡ
¹ЦŵԵʶѣһ·ˣԽɾ⡣
˵΢΢ʾ⣬תйС
ļλ֪ݵģǰԽѣסԽĲ̽
ؾǰѩǱץģؾ֮ߵ˶ˣʣһˡ
ѩһ㶼ţΪ¹˵öֽؾķʽеǽȥ֮󻹻ͬһеǽȥ֮ͻᱻ͵ͬĵطȻؾǺߡ
ѩȻţǰľؾʧ
ΪؾĿ֮˵ǱҩҲĿ̵ֲ֮أڣܿľʯͷʯͷɪ͸һޱߵļ֮С
ѩȡϣŷ춣Ҫҽ䱸ѽҪʲô춯һҪһʱҡ
βͼ⣬漴һƵѩٵ֧ѩٶһβһ
ѩŷĵǰߣֻһʯͷУ΢΢һʯͷֱӷ飬ѩģź̾˿ΪЩʯͷʲôһأԭֻͨʯͷ
ʯͷͨʯͷѩٺֽܿĿŵЩϣƣƿӣԵԺȲϡ
ͷѩټǰߣʱʱʯͷ߷㿴˴죬һ
˵ѩ̾˿˸ʯͷȥţӴˮڣóʳץһֻʯȳԱٸɻ
һ֮⽹ۣ˺һִƤ֭ŨɢԵѩСð͡
ȿһʱ򣬲ϵķͻȻ˽ʯͷҲ˶ѩæʯͷ
һʯͷ֪ʲô΢΢̧̽ͷȥһֻԲƺǺȮİëð˸ͷ
Сƺ㶣Ȼ󷢳һУߴ
ѩҲ㶣ʲô
öϹ¼¼ûмسĶ
ëСƺҲ£ڶһ۾⣬ѩ˳Ŀ⿴˿⣺𣿡
СëһУߴߴ
ѩٽ⳯죺ҪԼ
Сëһ㶼ˣӵ˹ѩſβͲëβͣβһֻǰɫ˿ë״һһβ𣬷ſȸһ
ѩ̲ס˴βͣ㾿ʲôѽôԲëűëβ͡
һȺܿ챻иɾˣСëֹˣ˾ߣѩٷӦ죬һѽץסˡ
СëƺԣѩٿҵĶĶܲܰ׳ҵİɣⲻƽ
Сëƺˣצӳһָָ
ѩˣһϵϣҸߣҪǸܣҾͰ㿾˳ˡ
Сëߴߴߴ
ѩǣߣŲˡ
Сëǰ·ѩǣںƵĸţһֱһСëֱһξתͷûиϡ
ѩĴ˿ûˣֱӻһǱˮС
Сëˮｫβſеٶȼ죬ܿѩٴ͸һϣһˮ׵ʯС
ѩٱ˰СëҧߣһûӰˡ
ڴܵѩæߣȴһ߿˿ˮ齣ϵ߰ȻСëھͶˣ
ǵʲôѽ
ΪСëܵʱСëԴ϶һŷŹͮͮĹð˳
ѩٲʶǿѪҺ̲סôľ飬һǺöҪǣӷⲻΪǿʢɢ⣬ǵ⣬ֱӴ͸ġ
ѩǰһ־ȥá
Сë˶㣬צӡ
ѩæոճҵ⣬ǲǾ͸õ㻹ҵĽף
Сëƺ룬ӷŵȻתͷִʯ˽ȥ
ѩæרװԨԨƵĺǺܽеϢӡ֤˿й
ؾﶼʯͷʱʧҲöôȥǿģںˣϣǺöǻᷢĺͮͮһϲģ
ѩ˵ʱСëֶһͬˣμᶨĳ˶Сצӡ
ѩͿ˺ЩʳУⶼ˳ȥȻһӵʱʼӲֵǮˣΪܻԴԴ
ʶ٣ûŲʶϡôᱻСóͨͨ⡣
Ϊ׬ѩٳص̾˿ʧˣ


88 
СëֶһŹӳˣѩٱʳеǲڲƭҵء
Щ˵֮ͨͨͨһ£öһ궼δܳԵһأѰԵ¹ǶԨԨרȥĲ׽ģȫСȥ
Сһﻹأר˿ζϵģ߽ʳûеζ⿴һ۵ġ
СëˣԴϵĺսһЩ
ѩҡͷ㻻һ֣кöˣñĸҽ
⽻ˣСëɻԴڶ͸ã޴롣
ѩٿһƺֻһֹˣε̾˿ǴʳУðɣɣؾҲûܳԵʲô⣬ضʯͷ
СëּĽ
˦βƨߵȥ⣬ѩٵȻ߰ɣҴȥԺ㣬Ҫж⡣
֮ǰ׵Ļúף˵ҪߣСëװɵˡ
ѩĺߺߣٴʳһգˣ
Ҳˡ
ôһ˵Сëڶ۵һתºʳоʯꡣ
ѩʶȥץС̫ܵˣֻץһβͣǸβ͸ץˡ
ѩûקβ͵ģǸ˿ıëβͣѩٶһ£βͣβ͵㻹ܣ
Сôһβ;Ȼһоûе
ʯֻһ죬ʳôһôǶǴȥģƫƫСëһ¾ʹ˹ȥ
֮ǰСëǴ϶ѩû룬һʯǸ磬˵ж죬æܹȥҪȥ
ûʯ죬Ǹβ;ͷһĿǿ⣬ѩæס۾ǿⲢδ̫ãܿɢȥˡ
ѩ̽һβѾˣʯһǸʯңԱ߻ղĺˮԸղЩһˡ
ϵʯͷһˣʯ컹ʯ죬ڵʯ϶ɫ֦Ѿ泤ոջûеġ
ҪǣϻкܳһˮۣǱʲôβϹһֱ쵽ʯ촦ʧˡ
ѩս˷죬뿪ʯ쿴ԥᣬȥӦԨԨҪʲôԼΣյС
òѩٸɴתȦıߵʱȥıߣʯͽȥͳȥ
һת˺üȦѩһۣǳʯǱߣʱٺһЦҽȥģҾͽȥϣҪʲôΣա
ߵʯߣѩ֣̽մʯͷϣ˾ͱ˽ȥǹ֮󣬽ѩ˶ˤ˵ϡ
ѩٰӴһûüһβǰɨ
ѩסβ״̫ϤˣÿʱȻҪԼβƬһһ黤ôϴβ
ʶﾹȻһѩټ̧ͷ
ĿıһƬԴɫƬ⣬뵣ƴԶŶһɱͺŵĲ֮
޴β̾ڵأƬϻմȾѪѪδֹס˿˿Ƶ
߲ƺ۵ܲˣ΢΢һβ
ѩٶʱĶ۵ľæϿȥֻϷʯ̨һΰԷһδһ
ѩæȥûóȻԱţǰҲģҽѩ٣ô㻹ҩҪ𣿡
ѩٵһԷȫûСĵŲƹȥҪԷʲô
Էҵĳ˳ѩٳˣŵĿǰˣƺ̫ȷԨԨ
ѩټ˹ȥСĽԷڵص˳ԷģһӾ쮷˳ԨԨôﰡ㻹ˣԨԨѽѩ٣㿴Ұҡ
ѩӶҵģԨԨôԨԨİôصˣԣԨԨˣ
ѩæʱԨ£Ӵͳһ˵Ķʲô¶࣬ʲôŰи˵ϾͨͨʱԨǿûüԵѪݾѩٶʱԨ˽ȥ
ôѪ֪һŲݾܲܲѪҪǲܣҲ֪ԼѪιԨԨȻ᲻ã˵Ѫ󲹣ѪӦҲܲɡ
һߵһƴʱԨȥ콫Щҩҩա
ֻ̽ʱԨںѩٲŷ˲ԣʱԨѾ˺þˣʱԨΪȴȽϵͣǸоʮе񣬺ֻɣ
Ȼɻ󣬵ѩٰ㲻ͣʱԨɫӲ԰׻ָһѪɫǼӴٶȵֱԼڵĹˣŲòͣ¡
ϵıָ࣬ĵҩҲ࣬һ߻ָһϸ鿴ԨԨһģһˣѩСĵĽͷǿ澹ȻҲһССĺ롣
һѩٸɻˣԨԨֲԨԨ
ȻָһѩٽװȪˮˮ˳ʼһʱԨϴ˺ۣЩƬˣЩ߲ƬʱѩٵֶǶģһ߿һСĵĸҩ
⵽ôΪʲôʱԨΪ˻ˡ
뵽Ǹǿβͣкòһʯҡ
ѩ˲ɫһףòʵˣȻ˺ܾúܾãǧ꼸ȥˣȻ治֪ʲô£ʱԨˡ
ء
ôһѩ־ֻ¡
ʱԨˣֻܿԼˣѩӺҽϵһܿޣҲûãʱԨôصˣÿء
ѩ֮ǰһֱ²ʱԨǺΪһμʱʱԨľǺɫ˵ϲɫû뵽ʱԨȻ
Ϲû˶֪ģû뵽ʱԨȻǣҲ֪ʲ֪֪֮Ӧ֪İɣʲҲӦܿİɡ
̫ˣ˺̫ˣѩûжȥһһֻܽҩɷ۵ĸ˿ϣڶЩֻ಻١
ϵ˶ѩѾƣˣ»صʯ̨ϣʱԨϢ΢ûһʼһôˣ˿ҩӴóһ󴲣ݣòײŰʱԨ̧ϴ
β̫ˣϷŲ£ѩֻý̺Ӹһ·ȥȻϸݡ
ɢʱԨҪľŨơ
æЩѩҲ˴СĵľʱԨĻУͷʱԨؿڣƣ˯˹ȥ
һѩҲ֪Լ˯˶ãҲ̫۵Сһܿ;ˣ£İĻ߻и˵ʱԨô˯İȡ
һһ¾ǲ鿴ʱԨڻԣѩȪˮ˲ȻҳһѵĻ鵤Ҫ֮ٸʱԨ
ĻָҪ̵ģһδղƬ̶ͣת̫ˡ
ѩٰŶӣ۵һð亹
ԪӤڣʱԨǿǾֻһССϪʱԨǺ嫵Ĵ󺣣ܵ뺣һ˻
żʱѩͻȻСëǸӵеǿ֮ǰһţͼѪҺڵġ
ʶĶҲҺʱԨɴԼȳһţʲôЧ
һźڣҧûҧֱӻһ˸ڣ̫ʹǿȴº͵οƽҩôϢڵһź£˲硣
ֹûгʹУһȦһȦߣʶһת
еӣȻǵϤࣵһ֮С
ѩµһ㶣һŹӣͻˣ
ԪӤڷԾһͻƵڡ
Σ֤ûģҲٶȾ޿죬æתʱԨιһš
ѩתʱԨܣʱԨտյ壬˵һŹӲҲ֮һʱϲʱԨš
ȷʱԨܻδѣٿʼܵѩٴһʱԨߣųԼβ˲֮ϡ
ʱԨڻָﻹһܰúûָͷصԷһЩ
ѩʱԨĻУʱԨۿʼתʥȡʱԨڻ˹ȥϣܿһ㽫ʱԨտյ麣ʱԨӦþѹˡ
һӦ˯еãٴʱѩֻûĹͷˣչһ½ǣԱߵķ콹Ĵ
ѩæܿ˿ôˣΣ𣿡
ղŽĵطȥڿаԼŤһ黨ֲαĲС
ѩٵˣ
æβͼ˵㡣
ѩ뵽֮ǰǸŵβ͵Ϻҹģĺۼ֪ڲڣ˽˵Ϊۼҽ
ʱԨڻڻԣǵˣԷҲɣǾͲöԸˡ
ôһ룬ѩסˣֱӴʯ̨˳ǵʯһӴ˳ȥ
ԭƽĺвƴβϹʪѾˣӡǻڣѩæһ£ϵĺۼȥ룬ȡһŻڶϵʯڣ˻æʯ
Ļֵ֪ܲܵסȻʯڣѩٽʮժǷȡ˳ֱӸ˷϶ϣ˻˽һʱͻǿ󣬵ʱ˵ܳʱʱԨܵ
ѩڻԵʱԨǰץһħ飬ֻҪͻǰķҶԷһ
Żڣѩٷųʶ̽Ҫ鿴ΪᱻʯҵĽ赲ȴû뵽Ȼɾ̽˳ȥպÿһȺ˴Ӻ
Ϊ׵ǸһµŮӣĨغȹװױߵĺ쾧ɴִ߼죬Ũ²Цһ۲תʮ̬
˸ɫɣͻȻһֵŮӣѩҲ̲ס࿴һۣһ뵽˵ԨԨ˳ž޵Ҳ˲óª
һˣһŮһϰ˵ξͶסˣѩ֪˻󣬿ϧԼΪ̫ˣʱǶԸõʱԼȥ͵Ϯǣ˵ѳ
ѩپǶ岮Ǹıһ㣬ҪİԨԨָ
ֻҪԨԨˣЩţŲأ
ôһ룬ѩæһ߹עĶһιźԼһţһźһֽյʱԨת˹ȥ
ܿǼ˾ʹӻˣʶйעǵѩٰңҺûóȻ͵ȥ͵ϮǣһʱƲˣҪ˳ǿԵġ
ʶﾹȻлŮվһԵţǰٴγȻιãһһ˳һ˳ʱ͵һѪڻ˲ᡣ
ѩԷһЩתͷŻԵʱԨǻԲѵģֻҪʱԨߣ;Լеˡ
̲סʱԨֱȥʱԨϲ˲䣺ԨԨʲôʱѰлˣҪ˻ô찡ԨԨѰɣǾܳȥˣҲ֪ôˡ
˻ѩû˯˾͸ϽһźϢֱΪȫܿصͻƵ˻ڣŲټˣΪ̫ˣû׽٣Լȡ
ԼҳԣʱԨԳ԰ʱԨ񣬸ǿ󣬳ٶӦöû⡣
һʱԨѩٻЩɻ󣬳Ϊ˻˻𣬺û˸˵Ҳûʹ⡣
治֪˶죬ǸŮԵȵʧȥģֱóһ齣ͺҵĿ
æȰˣ
ŮӷĿһɣ⣿⣡ֻҪѪҳɾȸ֮һûãֻƲˣиôǿĻһ棡
Ůߵ˵壬ɱ˵ڴ֮ѡ
ŮЦһǿ˵
Ȼû˵Եһ˵ǲŻ⡣
Ȼû˵Ǿ֤ûûеĶɱˣܸڴʲô֮ѣ
ΪֵͻȻǲһ׼ûУŮޱĿĸûõĶĻԵͰǰȴΪǼûõĶ档
ԽԽŮֱӻӶ齣ż˴˹ȥ
ҲҶ㣬Ȼ򰤹ˣ֪ŮϢŭסˡ
ѩССŰƣúã£ǴһЩ͸Ʋ˻ˣ
ߣôǸȸĿôأٿŮӵģ֮ͦǰƿ磬Ǽģ˵ʴΪͬŮԵЩŨ޵ԶȿҪĿࡣ
ոЩ˺ѵŮǿߵʲôˣڵȸ
ɻʱͻȻýһգѩٵͷһʱԨβ˻ȥڱ˫ȣԾתõļ
ѩٻϲתһ룬ȴٴ˸գ˿ֱӴʱԨϴ˹ȥ
ѩٴ󾪣ͷһԼ͸ˣô£ѵ𣿣
ϵ˻ָûһ˹ѩæչȥԨԨѩѽ㿴õұ͸ˣǲˣԨԨҺ¡
ϧʱԨǻָʱԨ͵ۣŵĴݣʱĻþʶһʱԨæתͷȥȴûѰʱӰؿǲԼ¶û١
ʱԨһѣѩֵַĵط˻Ǹˣһû䣬ȴȫһǰʱԨɬ࣬˳µǿ󵭶ȻȴԴһѪķ
ѩһԲʱԨΪˣǳǰʱԨ˯ǧ꣬ʱջص˴ǰ


89 
ʱԨʯں񱻻ֿʱգܿȴҲʱԨˣĶóҲʱԨ
ΪɢǿݻҪǿѩ֮ǰרһСӷ湩ʱԨȡ
СӺûʧʱԨܴЩӦܰʱԨ˻ָ߰˰ˣֻҪʱԨָܻЩ˾Ͳˡ
ԣӦǿ϶ԽʱԨˣЩȥ£ֶǶ˵ġ
ѩٿڽ֮ǰܴʱԨģΪʲôʱԨͲأѵΪδռˣԲܱʱε˼
Ϊ̫ˣǸβԽԽŲסˣ
ʱԨ㷢ڳŽɲŲæĳźϢİ㲻֮ǰˣżæŵ±æҵĲ塣
ѩ۳ݣԨԨȻԨԨǰԨԨҲô
ÿϧѽû취ԨԨǰҪ֣ܳٺٺ٣ԨԨļҲ
ѺʱԨϢָıѩٵҪö࣬ûü죬һźʱԨº󣬿Ѿ˵ӣʱԨųų֮Ⲣûеڶ˵ʯҿڣ㻹𣿡
ѩæ˹ȥڣԨԨ
ϧǰһʱԨĴڣѾ˼͸ˣѩһȾţһԶ͸Ҫô죬޶ûܰο
ûܵõӦʱԨɫƽֻǴȥеһ󣬲ŴӴȡöɫƬֱʯϿһƬ˽ȥһĨɢ
ʱԨΪţһѰһԸԱ֮
ʱԨһ˵ʯڵĴصȫ
ѩʶҪ׷ȥǰĳһΣһˤ˵ϣʱڵϣժҲڵϣ컹ϣոջʯڣգۼֻصʯ档
ѩٿ۵ϵĶû뵽ˣĶҲˣ֮ǰʯʱʱԨͿʯǶժǣȴܿüѩ֮ǰЩ벻ףڿЩһʱһЩģԲŸһ
ʯû֦Ѿðʯ죬ϻСëǸβ״ĻҽѩĴ˿֮æˣһ֣ٴνʯ档
ʲôûУտյʯ̨ڣȴѾûʱԨ
ѩæʯ̨ſڽ˰ʯ̨ϵĳϻצӵĺۼʱ۾һȻǻصȥˣۼ֮ǰʱӵġ
ۼڣԨԨҲڣ
ѩʱԨĵطţܿͽڸʯӿˣöɫţһɢ
ѩæԨԨۣ
ҪǰûȥԨԨһԨԨһ
ʯңûԳĵطѩٻʯ￾һֻȣûٰСëֻСëǲˣҲ֪ǲǱβˡ
ѩֻźȥҲ֪һ˻صȥ˶ãҪǻͷؾһֱҲҪˡ
ѩٸմӺһɨ˹Ͷ䱸ţ˲ǹɽϷķѩһ֣ϴֱ֣ӽɽһƴˡ
һûеڶϮѩſˣȻϵˣѩټǵãԣϵ
ѩ˵ԣߵ˿ڵñԻȥ
ѩٿǣ߸ˣŮһӮļʣϵҲǴ㵥Ⱥ
ԣߵŮӣԣõ㽫Ͻּɣ
ѩҡͷȻǿδػţ沢ûʲôֻпտյʯҡ
һ˵¾̲סˣ˵
ѩЦЦĶɾͶˡ
ֱʱΪ׵ԣſڣȻ㲻ϣǾͱˡ
СҲģѾ˻ˣԼҪΪƶȻֲ˭
ԣһ䣬һȳ֡
ѩ˲Ѿ˷ϵԳԣǰʱ齣ֳ볯ԣȥѩǻΪļӳ֣ǸΪڵԣҲ뷢֮ƱƵˡ
ԣ˳ƶѩ־ٿīͤΪƵĽһߡ
ԭѩٻЩţû̫֣һżһˣֲӵܣӱ̽ʼɱС
ԷȻҲûҪ֣Ϊ˲¶ݣѩٲδȡ죬û£ͬһݱ¶Ҳͱ¶ˡ
ɳò׽ŰƲ˹ϵһ¶˵ûϵƶûţûϵҲᱻ˴йϵ˵йϵˡ
ѩֱȡһδù齣ͻģȻѾˣԺлԵҲġ
һѩ׵齣ƣ졣
ѩٴ߶ʥӿ۽һ£ͬĽľɱ뷢ԣһͬɨҶһɨ
ѩٲδȥˣϵķ£⼸Ϊûеļһ͵Ϯ嵽ڶûϳء
˭뵽һڰ߰㲻۵СӣϾȻ˶鱦ؾõͷһʹˣʹõ̶Ⱦ֪ԼĶǸո֮ԣɱǿ
Ȼ̽Ѱؾɱһ̣Ͳ̾ʲôˣǾͲˣȻ԰̵ݸݶҲǻá
ôԵɱѩٸܲǾɵˡ
ôеĴΪҲǰˣ˭ţ˵ֿ϶ǲеġ
ѩһֱ֪ԼΣȻÿθīͤ꽣ʮ嶼İƿ佱簮ʽĿ佱Ͳᵱ档
иֵģʲô
ܿ˵ĲѾԵ˲岻ȥˣԣǺΪǸͨСȻʲôΪǿ϶Ҳԣ࣬˲Ĳ¡
ԣ˵Ϊ»ԣƾе齣ͬΪͽԣˡ
Ϊ͵ŮˣֻԶԶΧۣ곤һЩڱصãһҪɱͨıɲܱ˱ˡ
΢СһüҪȻ˰ɣһ⣬˵ǲġ
곤ŮӺһۣµӣԺʵʵеŻ˺ˣôֻǣɱ˭֪˵ˣ˵˭ǿɲֻ֪֪Ǽ⣬Ǳļһ
ѩרעսδĻһɱ̫Ҫˣ
ϵˮùˮϵˮаˮԣдȥ֣֮ˮ֮Ȼѹˣһǿԣձܿͬʱٳһˮ͵سѩϯȥ
ѩһ̧צһţϵ֮ˮӿֱ֣ӽˮм
ˮ֮ƹ֮ˮô
⼸֮䣬ԣѾʶ齣ķ£׼ʱѾˣһ鱦ıһ£ô࣬ǰҲûѩٵ˲²⡣
ԶԶڵԶԣ֪ٴȥҲ䲻ãֻõˣٴȥҲܾˣؾеĶǲҪˡ
ѩٴ߶ֱ֮Ӳһˮϵסȥ·˵ˣؾиûжŲţڣȿʼǺʱɲˣ
ԶԶļ˺ܿ͸ϵˣͷæǰѩٵȥǼͨͨץһŹ
Ӧһǣȡȥ
Ҳ΢΢˺󣬲δöɽڵĻæ³ȥԸ·ļӵܡ
ѩһӳһˮͷԣϮȥˮ磬ԣһʱ޴ɱܣһ
ܿϵĶɽڻҲΪߵĶ˹һ֣ȥסǡ
ɽڻǰ
ѩٳӳ֮⣬ʥԴԴϵȡΪãϣźڵԣȲ˲δ̫ԣͰ
Ҫ֮ǰҪѩٷ˼δУº󾢲㡣
ԣϿ׹䣬ѩ齣Ĳʱһսǽˡ
սܵϼŭ󵨣Ҵ磡
ѩ齣һӣֱӸϼֱۣٸҷϻһ䣬һҾ͸ϣ
ͽСæϼ㣡
Цһܲеӿٳܴһ
ϼŰŭ˹ȥ
ԣɽڻǰС飬ͬΪ壬ؾڴɱ䣬ȥ޷붫񽻴
ѩǸҪɱң˳°ܽȴҷһʲô
ԣҰһûн˾Ǻ⣿
ԣЦһҿؾƺջ䵥һˣȻֶᱦһ䵥֮ˣѵŹ
ѩٵ˵ˣʲôûУǲŷҪҴˣҲҪһˣ߼¾ˡ
ϼٴ̲ס߼ʲô£
߼·ߵҰݣֵǮֿɰε
ǻֱӳ֣ݺϼһƣٷϻŲҳ㡣
ؾСҵڣĻֱðģŮӻ˿Ƶĳ֣ͲôƢĻܶ־ϻ
ϼŭĿӣۿĿʼʹԼΨ˳ҾЩǱҽ㡣
ǰùһһֻˮϵϧǼС˵ȼҲЩˣûϵˣʶʱġ
˵꿴Сࣺǵأ
ĸæԣӣ
ҲһǱ֮øؾʯͷȻڴݲȴһ񣬺òײһȻһ֡
ǶԼˣԣΪǵӣȻΪ򵥣һҲûôƴֻ֣õؾϣԻ㹻
ѩٺһΪôһרȥôʱװ˷ѣҪ˵࣬ûôǲǿѣϾûеĶҲƾձɡ
ֻô˵óڣ¹һӣԣҧ˸ȡһŵǵȻڣԻᲹǣŸ㹻ơ
ջ˱ѩ齣һգųȥô
֮ǰҹû㡣
ѩŶһСëˮҲ֪˶ã⻰ҲʣϾ˵ûжҪǴ̫ã˵ȥ
ϸ鿴һѩ٣ãϢ˿ؾҲ࣬һֱûҵС֪жż
֮ǰȥ
ѩָָһƬˮиʯңҽȥ鿴һ£ǿյģҳˣҪ˵ҵʲôҽȥ
Сë⽻ģֲؾﲻҪǮժģ۸ˣԨԨۣұǸģû˵ѣؾȷʲôûС
˲֪ѩٵݣ֪ģ˵ûǿ϶ûУСΪô˵ѣǿԣǲԼȥ鿴ˣؾûжǽôѵûһоû¡
ԣѪ˷۱ģ˵û¡
䵥ٶᱦⲻؾﳣôôûˣף
ѩٻӲϽһҿͦǮģǸϲǱȰϵҪôõô
һȥᣬҲ۵ģϵøȻҪգ֪ĻΪĸƶСأҲһ尡
ԣס˼ҪӿؿڵѪټҴҵҲһóôɣҪǷʮ˼ı۾ã
һ㣬ҲΪ˵乫ˣѵãңҲò
ǵĲ۹ж壬ٻһλ棬Ĵ涼ûУⷬҲƶ֮ˡ
ѩһȻȻԭҲͦ۰İûסһۣһʱǺ޲𹥻
Ĵ򶷽Χ˶ˣܿӮҲˣһקӴۻء
˵ſ۰ߵˣЦѽСҵ
˵ζתһȦСǻ˳ۣһܶǳе£ʱԽּͶĽ飬˽˴ˡ
νؾҲһ˵϶ҪǺ䣬ȴû䳰ȷֱûмСЦ䣬ͼŲһЩͬѰ
ˣȻҪúÿģ֮ǰûע⵽ⲻ۵С
ٿǺۣܲôţóϵ˽Ѱ˵ĹϵȻһ㡣
벻ȻôζڣһҪŮȥúø
ҵˣ˿ܴˣѩٶԼʵһ˽⣬˺üȻ̫ϣ˭أǰֵַվ˰󣬻ͷʵûʲôջ񣿡
ͷֱҡͷҲûнؾôͺͺ˵󲻴˵СҲСؾʯͷˮﶼûеĵطҲǵһμˡ
ѩٰһʲôûаһΪء
ΣСЦЦˡ
ǱҲ໥һϢҵ˼ز֪ʲôʱ޹ǻ΢еôҲһ
˵Ͳ˺ջֻ˵ãҶˣǾֻ˵һľ
ѩٴʲôǻľ
ÿؾкɣΪؾرģǺˣؾ൱ûҪ࣬ͻΪһƬĵأֻʯͷʲôûС
ѩٵҼˣһֻСëȮƴСβȴβ֪ʲô𣿡
˼ãҡҡͷδй
ѩŶһǲҪȥˣ
ǵģȻǻľǾûҪ˷ʱˡ
󼸴һһɽʿ̽ǾûҪڴ˵ˣΪѾȷһƬľ
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˼ǲྐྵȻͳˣ׷ǰΧס
ԣۿͨԱȦΪĵǸСףֿйԽȷеĲ롣
߸ջصйѩٶûü¹˵ؾ£̾ŷӡ˽е˹СðʱѺˣǴѵģޡ
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ӰٴεͷȻ֪Ǽðһлȴû뵽Ȼ
ѩٶʱɻʲô𣿡ȻάּӦúѿٲǡ
̵ʲôûɣֻٲ֣¾ûˡ


90 
֮ǰΪؾһ˵ص㣬ѩҲ֪ðҪʲôԲһӰðƻȥؾ
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ʵӰҲԽԽҲһԭе


91 
˯һѩˬڵΪѾܺܺõˣǳϰߣ̲סųȥʱԨ
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ЩúɫĽţڵƵϣ˵ƷһҲʣƣֵȼΣǸСǳأû龧ǿš
ûҿĹ̨̫ȥⲻϴ̶ӣ׬ÿһʯ飬ġ
ҲһԼʶţһգҪǿõǾͺˡ
ʱ¥һȺǰһСӦǴ̣ѩɰһ»ͷϵķһƣ·׹ʮ飬߼䷢졣
СһȺˣһӦǱ£һ·ͷļ֮࣬ٿӴĹ̨СȻʢˣ̬жٴһЩһȵζ
һֱλС깧ߣСŵƹǰźСʵǽˣ
ƹЦŵȻ˺¶һݣСɸˣ˳˲Ķ
֮С֣Сģ̽˵˼ҹ룬һ㶼Ϊˡ
ͿʼðС
˵ͷ
ڵǼܱģķӺδ
æһ߻Ҫɺȴ˺ޣײ٣Щףһ鷽粼ǲһõıӣұûϣǸƱӾȻһҾŷҲǰ׼ģȵ˳ǳأҸطҲǺõġ
ɫ˿ûˣ˸֪ޣηǱӿԱģ
ͻʱٵģʱһŲ·ܽɽ֣֮º޲ñĽ޶ӣû뵽Ȼ³ˣȻǸõıӣȻĻû
ѩ٣ҿƭĵһң
ſھ׼ػѩ˵
򱾾Ǹûʲôʶˣ̸ʲôˣץαװСǽƽûʶҲ֪αװСҡײƭ
ǰ㲻ѵǵһңǵңұ⣬۾Ǻ֪ǿУԼǵΪһģﻹȥȴ뿪ʱϮҶٵĻȣʱʱһֱСģʾˣϳҾ˳Ӧˣʱһ֪츮ѾסֻܽܳҪ֪ˡ
ѩٳƿһۣƭ˼ҺƭĶд
ͷҡײƭϧһ̫ˣҪϹһƤұƭ˼ҡ
ѩ٣ǳֱ׵ĵðƻʣ˵Ŀţ
ѩٵνҲļٵĲҪ
⻰æڵķ˹ȴϵ̵ٴε˲ʹ޺֪ҲˣǷҰɣǱӣǱҲҪˣԺҲˣǸ·ˣ廹һȥûжӣյ˶ûУˣ֪ء
ѩٿҡײƭĲƱЩȥ壿
һ٣ʵҡҡͷ
ѩЦһûжӣŮֲȥ˼Һ¡ʱһֱЯ壬ǽ˰ˡ
ѩٴվûΪԷĿ޺κεͬ˶ҪΪԼ鸶ۣǵ¶ϴõģˣ֪Ϊʲôᱻðƻ𣿡
Ѿ޵˶ˣ֪ҲûˣֻܻţֻϣЩһͳһ㣬Ȼѿƽƽڣ޵ѿˣѩٶ࿴һۡ
ҪԼ
ΪСѾˣȴάСʱģ
ѩ˵ˣΪʲôıأԭ⣿׼ˣû뵽˸įû츮˼ء
ЦŸһȥ·ðƻʱҲһ䣺֪㻹һطһʼͱ¶𣿡
˵֪֪Ҳֻ֪ţء
㵱ڳʥǶЩʱգһЩ͸֪ҲңССһͬ󡣡
գ뵱Щ˵һңװʶȻԷСѣǴͷβڿС
յĳȥˣ˿ƣܾʲôе㲻񫣿
ƵɣûȤ
תðƻðƻڳĿޣ̲סӻ֪һʼСǶ֪Ǽٵģ˵ˣ֪ˣֻ֪ǲĻᱻ
᲻ᱻҾͲ֪ˣһ㻹Ҫ㣬ǻǷƣ㵱ڳʥǶЩʱնһ£֪Сһлһзơ
˵󣬵򳹵׿޳˹ȥôôҡײƭ赽ǰء
뿪йļΣδã
ѩ٣ԨԨ˵Ϊȥڿ󡣡
һ٣ʱԨˣ
ѩٵͷ԰ûԨԨڷһ˯ģ
ǲ֪ʱ㣬ȥݼһ¡
ѩ٣ô鷳ˣԨԨҲϲ֡
Եһֻѩٽһ
ʱԨ֮󣬱㽫йĽˣǿ粻ȥ
ѩٵ͸㣬ؾõģԨԨ˵ǵĹû٣һҪһʲǣֻܸһš
޻ӣһӻصȥԼһЩʣµĶιԨԨˣڻһӻܴȥʮǣǺֳһŸҲǹ˵ġ
æȡУӡ˽ȥɢǲǻľ𣿡
ѵжϴ
ѩٵǻľѽ͵͵ĳԣԸκˣȻҳ
вİһЦݰ׵жȥİԵΨʣǹרעᣬվһƬƬҶ£һķ羰
ϧѩټȥԨԨ㱨ðƻ£ܵͷҲء
վڸͤʱԨԺ۵׵ɫ΢΢ƫͷһͬ;¹ʵЩӣѩദΣ
¹Цŵཻ꣬ƣֿأеǳ죬Ǵѩģ֮ѩӦ˵˰ɣڰ£Ҫһ顣
ʱԨָˣǴӵֵ
ҲСˣ԰ųȥĥһˡ
ദʱվӰ˸жϣǾʱ䣬ǲ⳯ϦʱԨԼǺܿļҳѩϲϲԤҪѩԼҪĲС
ʱԨĴʵ࣬ʱԨʵĴһЩ
Ϊѩ˵ʱԨϲţ˰ݼ֮£û뵽׼Լķȥйеū˵ʱԨټ
ūԺԶԶһµʱԨͥԺУæͷٶ࿴ūֹ°ڣһݴ񣺡ϰݼʱԨ񡣡
ʱԨɡ
ʱԨģ͸һĵĮȻļλʵϣķĶ¹񣬵ƫʱԨ䣬ÿһμսսСġ
Ȼ࣬ÿһиԵƢֻҪСĹܲ᲻ŭΨƺûƢʱԨֻĪĲһ޷Կصη塣
󣬰СԼⲢδԺпѩٵӰ̲ס²⣬ǲЩʱδѩչ˺ãˡ
ţЩѩٴĲʥڣҲչˣΪƢԶãߵЩҲаͽᣬƽཻѲ֮࣬һ
æСϣֵĴ֮ܵСҲˡ
ʱԨƬ̣Ͽ˵Ļֻǽֹڴˣǻ
̧ͷһʱԨ񣬿飬һ⻰˼סˣֻҹʾ
ʱԨ΢΢̧ᳯȥһԼΪϵĻǰѩٵĳע踶̫࣬ܵһ˵ĸߵ㣬Ϊѣ˽Ҫƽӹ𽥵ȥһؾ֮Уѩͻƻڡ
ʵûס͵̧ͷһײʱԨƽ纣ȴ׵˫Уһ˲䣬һ亹󱳣һδ͸˿񣬾޹ģͷ岻ѡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪ˾ʱԨ񣬵ƺһֱܣḩ׵ıܡ
ʱԨ˱Ϊƣ̲Ž֮ǰ֮߾ຮգʧΪһ֮ء
Ϊ߽壬ǰͰ࣬¡
ǰݵķǣǱ߾޾ξо
Ǻԥѡ˫ֽӹޣٴι񣺡лʹ͡
״ʱԨһ֣Ҫѡ°֣ҲὫѩ߳ȥ


92 
Ȼȥ߾ҲǾ˾Ҫ̶ģܻЩҪصţʥǱҲҪϱʱ䲻ѧԺȻڽ˴ѧԺʧ˿ڴ
ֻðû뵽ʱԨѩϸĵ̶ֳȣȻͲ󣬵ôѩǶһ꣬ڵʱ䣬游˵һЩ£е֪ԹΪĸ֣ǿĮ
һԷ¶ܵȴΪСˣȻֻҪӲСô
Ժѩſڽһͳ֣ôҵ𣿡
δ⣬ʵȥĶˣ
ѩ٣ûȥѽǸһ㱣ǣõģ¹˵õطαװղ¹ǲαװˣôãҸ㿴
ѩֽǽǣȻȡޣ֮ǰĻƲһãڳǲαװӳɫһһʹƣŴӲ飬ʵȴޱӨӨ֮һȣԭļƷΪ˵̯
⻰ڷǰ˵Сö
֮ǰ¹Ƕʱһȥûޣֱβͼ⹴ס֣
Ҫǻʱһ޴ġ
ѩ֤ԺԼͷŲ鲻Ըβ
ѩٵ㿴壬Сʱ͵ģԨԨ˵ʮ峬ң²߶Ҳܽһ룬Ϣδһۿ
ϴڷɣؾÿһıƵǿ÷ɣҪջؾֵܵסϵһȥͱˣﻹóЩպ壬岻סŶ֡
ѩٵ嶼ôˣֻʮȴھţȺ廹޵úֻǻΣһҲģͷӣͨúһڣЧӣ͸޵һ˵Բԣ֮ǰţھţȻոҲ֪ԭֹأ
Ŷǽǣβֹ
ѩٽϵĺȡȻӣһ߶ֱǺһ㣬һһģһĺ˲Աߣܿ𣿡
ֻϸϸĲֱ̽һģһʶ̽ȥ֮ܵһģ߶һ£ȻôȻҲƳɣʵ̫ˡ
ѩپϲԭǻãȻֻά£Ҳˣʺϸɻ°
ѩŻվлУ㿴ҡ
ѩ˵ܵǽվţͿֱӸǽ϶Ϊһˣ̲סȥ鿴ֻͨͨһǽ
ܿѩپԳģôĺֱ
°ѺŪˣǸ´ϣðƻ֪Ҳ֪÷򻹲֪ᶥɳ
ѩٿĵĿıӣʮ˵ʧٺܾˣû뵽Ȼַʽҵˣһ壬һһޣ
ѩٲ˵ûϸ룬һ̲ס̾˿ϱԼǸȸѩԼµĻǾӵļȻ㲻ҲķΧ
δ꣬ѩٷ֮ǰﶼҪȥˣڵģٳһȦҪռˡ
ˣԼӵǿҪʱԨ嶼δܻס
֪Сڲ⣬ѩչʾһ޺ҪȥҵˣҪҪһȥ
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ʱҺֹһƬƲԭɵĳڷȫȥʮѾưܲеūҲʶԣƴҲҪӣһǿĽǸȥ
ȥϣа취ȥ˾ԮɿʯԭӦڴڵС֪֮Ϊʲôᱻס
ǵһһ죬һֱûмʲôⲢδκνңԽĻֲ̿
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񱾾ϵ꣬ͻȻĶһҲŭˣʲôбȥң
Ѿ֪ߵ˾·ֱӽץУЪ˹ƫƫֻǽڣŲʣһĶûУֻǽһ˼סˣķܽ˱Ʒ衣
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˵ͷֱһ̧־˹һϸ׵Ĳϡ
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쿴ʣӣָ񣺡д˴ȫһɵģ
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ղûϵȻ֣ûܱܿЩٿ죬Ǹǰûˣһɵģ˵⻰𣡡
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ѾʶһѰҪص£ѾŵĲˣʲô£׷ʲô£
Цһǿ֪ΪʲôôƫԶĵطʿܵһ֮Сǣǳģȴ
˲ԣô͸ǵϹϵأ
ָ᣺Ϊǵĺõǵ׻ǵʱ򣬾Ͷ˶鵤԰ڣĸûȴųߵ츳
ŵĿ׵
̲סڱйϵ
üͷһһ߱һƴĺ׵Ҳڲסǹʢ˵аôûУĸھͽõ츳ǣͬطСǻԼϡ
⻰𾪵Ŀ۸׺ͽ㣺ôܣСѾ𣿡ϵķ۰
ɫһף͵תͷ׵ȥⲻģǼô£СǿС
ЦСôˣͿƽӹһֻƽӹֽںɻοǶԸһˣҪǶǣܷɷ񣬸ңȥħȥ˽磬ܶ㵽һҲĵطʱ˭в
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˵˵ϣǰȻңͽ㶼ڣٻȵס֪ԭԴǶǣ׵ľˣĿ־ɥʧ˼ֻظ૵ҵĴҵĴ
ʶץ˶ĸ첲־˶ڲţ磬Ҫô찡磬㣬ȹСһȹСİȥС֪ˣҲˣСһòãǲ֪鰡ʲô֪ҲûС
û˵Ҫ־͹ֵͽ㣬µͽ
ˣĵľͻںޣҵĴûоСûаСһжᷢˡ
˭뵽ĵͽ㣬Ȼ˿ɲͷʵʩˣСһٴΣҲֲһҪư
󵽺߲ȥĳȴôСôƾɣĺޣȴûа㷢йĳ졣
жŮУģƽӹȨơ
츳ȴĺݹʤ缸֣ɸܿģصģֻд硣
ٳλӰǱ׼ԺͿ϶λӣ磬ΪŮ԰ܶûС
Ҳ찡ŵģҲǸ׵ѪŮͶӣĲô
ǴݺͲ뿪۾ǣȥ֪ԭôԭôСԭٳŴ󻧵Ŀ˶硣
ǸҪˣѲˡ
̱ڵѾŵûɢˣ񣺡Ķӡ
˱ֻۣϣѺǵˣܿһʹ죬ĥʹġ
ЦһӴȡһյĵһĴѶ磬Ψƣɴ͸硣
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ɫЩȻб½Ǿȳȥˣӡ
Ļһ䣬еƻûüͱһƶߣûüȥҲһ˳ȥ
컹̱ڵϵһˣıԺ
ѩѾԺˣղڴĻҲ
һ̧ͷ֪ʱŴԺˣ͵һ㣡
ѩٵ˻ޣãЦЦⰡ
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æСʥĵӡ
Сߵģ
ѩ΢΢βϿȥǵӲСȻ˼ǵ档
վô
ѩټȻһ㶼£е⣺ôһΪٻҷŹǡ
ЦһѾ֪ãʵʵġ
ⲻ·Ƶӣѩٶɻˣʵʣ
񣺡ȻòƻСǶй㶼߾ǣңҪʲô㾡˵ҪģҶܸ㡣
ѩֱЦˣܸң˵ôնӹϵһ㰡ѲҪǵģӣ
ֱӱɫŭĿӣҪ˵
ѩٻûĻֱӽһҲˣ֪Ķ
˵껹ø첲˴ƣС˰ƻͦ棬Ҳһ£
εĿһۣûⰮãϲԼ档
һԴӷƸīͤߵĽӳϰ֮ԽԽ˺ݻˣȻǰͻࡣ
ѩһԾͷе˼ҽĸ׺͵ܵǴ߽Ȼˣ
ѾתͷǲԼĻ㣿
쵹ЦһҵŮȻҡ
񣺡㹦Ҳˣ鱦ҲˣֲΪοһֱҵȼѺٳδϱѵǻͼ
ѩ٣֪δϱ
񣺡ϱֻͱΧˡ
ѩᰡһʱûǣΪȥؾ˰ǻ֪ɣҵֻ˳㣬һĿľؾ
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ѩ˵žͽһطɣ֦˳ƭֲҪǮŻá
Ȼǽɢŷɣ֮ľչҼǰѪӿɫװ׵ı任ȻѾð
ѩٻӲؾ۾Ǻɽϧ⴦ؾʱ̫Զˣһ˽ȥȡǺľؾѾŲסˣûϵЩ磬Ҳͬؾһ٣۾ǶˣɽôһؾȻû֣
ۿѾѪȴƴסͼӴ׵Ǿںɽֿɵãȴƫƫ˼Сϣ
۵һ޿̵һѪЩӻ̻̲գͷˣһѪ³ΪˣѪۿɼɢ
Ƭ֮ǰ컹һŵˣͼϢ֮䣬Ѫɢĳһݹ᾵̡
ѩٵҲûýϾҲû֮ǰֻҵĶ񶾣Ҳôһ˲ǰ㲻ϡ
ʱڻںޣԶֱӽ˻ҷǿ
ɫ쳣ѿѩټЦŵ˵һ˻һЩջޣ֪ûУ
˫ȭϢѲȣǹպ֮⣬ֱҪʵʵķɳˡ
ѩ̧ʾһ£һ˱ӿͻȻ֪˭𣿡
ҵĪ̲סʲô˼˭Ǻθɡ
Цŵιҩ˵ʯҵС
ҵŤͷȥ˱ţӦñȻѵģƺ˼ľڵһҶ
˻ɤ˵ʲô
ѩЦŵǾȻСûеͷβ
ɫԽѿޣ
ǰ֪ʲôʶô࣬Ȼ֪ʮ֮һޣһˣҵļ˶ʱ˵˼
һЦȻǼٵģΪô̫Цˣʵ̫Цˣ
˵СôһûУôױֵʱ˳Щ˼飬û뵽ȻǼٵģȻǼٵģ
ץԼҶֱۣСǼٵģǸû˺Сǲǲˣ磬˵ǲǲˣ
ѩ٣ȻǸðƻǴ˿Сĺúõģ˵ɣ㵽Ҫô
ѩ˭
ͨ˲Ϣɢȥ¶ԭʵģҲ˵ո˴ĳǶһ˫ѳϵǣͿüĿѡ
Ѿĵ̧ͷȻ֮ǰЩ˲û˵˶˵ԼСĻôȦΪĵС׵Ĺʲôݾͺˡ
ڣŵһοСʵģȷеĲ롣
СȻİͻȻãԼɸСһģһҲֻĿ
СģС׹վһ֮ǷĹҲαװġ
ɵȴ֪αװ˭þȻαװСΪģܰԼСˣ̫ɵˣϧҲѾˡ
ĽѾˣõķ룬ôסһʱһһ̲Ѫˮˡ
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ѩٺĽ͵һֱڣֻǿѣȻץðƻѽ
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ѩٵ㱻ʱ˼еϵӣҿɵúúײС
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ѩ٣֪֪ģڿɲ˵ˡ
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ƿһۣû
һ˾ȽѺˣǵģȻǻҷ³
úҫһѣѩֱӷɵϿյƲ㵱У˵ʱԨϣҰˣ
ʱԨЦĿ˾ô棿
ѩ٣Ȼ棡Ըõİ취ֻãǸֿɵȴƫƫ֮ʧ㿴ͱѪˣ
ʱԨиģ벻棿
ѩ˷ܵĿģʲôģ
ʱԨҪɱǣôίǲǸҪúȥʲһޣ
ѩ٣ûί
ʱԨί
ѩٲ̫ȷĿҪһޣ
ʱԨЦСˮģ˵


93 
ء̫ˣȻҪҹͷȥҲһҲʲء
ѩһ߿һɺᣬӲеѣԻǵްɡ
εʮԼѩٵĿʱһϺ־ȻѩٵĿܳӰķɱ˹
ϵ龵龵ſϿ޵ѩ٣ʱ󾪣ѩ٣ôǣ˭ˣǲʱԨ۸ˣ
ֱһƽʮĿοСԹԲޣ޵ĻʲĶҪˣǲˣٲ°ʲǸҾ㱨𣡡
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⻰ѩٲ˿ûãҪǶΪֵزԺĲˡ
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˵ſˣοһ֮λɲ飬аϵ겻ӹʥСƫƫνˣôСԼѡģеɺϣѵܲٿصĲɣǿϣҲδ̫ǣǿЩ
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δҪȡɹǣ׶֤֮·


94 
ϣʻʱԨԼģѩϤĵطǳ鹬оӣ칬󣬱ŷƺͻȻ˳鹬
ڻʲԨԨǻڴƺʲôҪ顣
ܵĻѩٳŻͷƵ˵칬棬һǰʲôӣһʲôӣһ㶼û䡣
Ƶոؾǰ꣬Ҫʲô仯Ҳס
ۺĴҿ찡ֻзɲĵطû뵽ھͼʶˣǲǱɣ
ѩ٣Ҳǣɲ࣬Ҳ٣ЩƽնڸԵĹܿģֻи澡
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鹬Ǹ鹬ֻ鲻ڣڳӭӵǰߵĴ澣һߵ鹬ſڣǰѾһصˣѩٿǰǸɶ𣬵Ҽǵ㣬ǲǣ
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أ˵ѾзԺҪȥ̨ɹˣȥСƢΣǷ񻹸ǰǰһ˭֪һŭСֻССġ
ѩٻصǰסԺ䣬ǳŵķӣֻصСʱԨԨ£ÿ˵£ͻʱԨϢ׷ȥֻҪʱԨڳ鹬ҵһҵͱ
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ѩ̧ͷһЦŵдģԨԨ֡
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ⲻ֪ԭ̵ֿۣһ̧ͷܿ
ѩôԨԨæˣҪԨԨܲܰߣֻȥ
˶ʱļ䣬ѩٿûԼǸʲôģҪѳ鹬Ŀⷿߡ
ͽǿˣ岢ûбǰгӿǰиԽžء
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ⶼԨԨĻܣԨԨǷ񿴵ϣҲССվƴģԨԨɲã붼ߣ
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ʮ⻢أ˾ǲ칬λСͣɵȴ׼¶ĹȻûһǵģ
ʱڴɫȴûôˣۣҲеĽѵΪ˸ߣҵĹܽ©Ժ󶨻С񲹳ʻΪ֣Ըġ
Ϊ۶꣬ʽӴδ˲ŭ⣬µŮʫΪᰴԻҲֻǻ½ٲᰴ̤ʫذ벽Ҳûĳ̶ȡ
ڱ˵֮²δ֣˶ץˣѩ˿ŶûܵΪɹǣҲǸĴۣʵŭȻδʹƽȻҪ硣
һϣȥ磡о͵ôһ̣ǰеȸ˻ޣǲһ֮ʱԡ⿪ɹǣǿʢˣ˭֪ûеٶ˼
˵ţǿ֮浱ˣ̶סǱǳЦ
ްȰʵҵ⣬ʻǱ£΢һ½ϣǺܿͻᴫ岻ϣС綯Ҳͽսᰴ֮ұ͵Ϳ̿Ź꣬پˡ
Цһ񲻻Ի񣡡
ް׿ʱԨʱԨĪҲ޳ϣ
ʱԨЦһ֦ͬξߣҵֻӡ
ް׺޲ܵЦһ⻰֮꾹ȻܴʱԨֱ˼
һֱûھ̾һѩٻףǿǵֺͣαΪ֮ҵʼ
ھ˵һ֣һˮĻڰУˮĻеͶӰľѩٴŻͷժ
ھѩȻ£Ե֣һ岻ϵĴŴȻĦվ֪ǣۣ޷֮ҪЩܸƽڵŭ𡣡
ھʮ࣬Ϊ۵ʱ仹ҪԶĻǷǲᡣ
ƺҲһͣûаΪѲ䣬̵ֽ֪ھнⷨ
ھһۣҪģֻ磬ЩĴĵСٲ˽֪Сۿ̨Χ۳̣֮ҲɼֽϣԴˡ
ھ˵꣬ʣһþյ񾯸棺ΪΣ
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УҲǴﵽʵĿģǾʦڣΪô򾯸ˣĪ͵岻£Ľ˼ϣǺȫ֮ҲҪŪԷ֮ӡ
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95 
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ѩͷյľ̲סͷԭͷô۰
ɹ֮ܳΪǣ廹壬һعͷ֧ţһҪȻǼʹ࣬Ҳá
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ѩٵɹûˣԺܶ˵ɹٴװ𣿡
ƵͷԣֻҪǿľͿԣŻᱻգҲŻĵ
ѩüҪԺǻȥ˵ģ
ͷû˵Ϊпܣһᡣ
С֮ӣȻ赣ºǣΪСҵ壬ֻ´һӾͻ᳹ױ
֮ӣʱʵѹ󣬵·粨ƽϢС֤ӻɵġ
ѩٽժµĹûջȥȻȥûʲרŶҪǸ˵ĹͷҾʹ
ʱ磬˶Ŀһ̣֮Щ֪ʲôµæ𾪣֮ӣ˵ǾͳǣҲ̫˰ɡ
˾ʣСǷ˵ļأǿ۵ӣá
ϢͨЩĵСһƬ۶û˵ǿĴ󱦱ܵһ㾪ţʶ޲ܼ죬ʲô˵ôģ۵Ȼģ˭ȶ˼ֱʮϣʹȣҪǰӣʿս˳Ҫƫ˽ʱι磿
ʣӶ³ǸˣǲѾˣ
ҵµû̫֪ϾֻǹעԼȤİԣһĬĬƫԶСǵңһ۵ӣ˭Ļ˵Ȥǲ˵
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ȻһϵѾʱԨһҷʣնݳ൱ɾ䣬ЩԼҵС壬Ҳһһ㡣
֮ŭȻССǳܳܵģЩ±һæӣϧûܶԶȫץ˻
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ѹĵǧͷ̵ͬĳ̲סԼӴֲأû壬ʵ̫ˡ
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ھʵ칬Ϊ£
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ھδü칬Ϳѹ
ʺһ֪ٽǧڣû½ģǵҪϸˣܳɾλһΪӧƸ񡣡
ھƸһµģһգԻΪױƸӭȢŮ
ްһţȻҲŴЦʵʲôҲֻԼ֪ˣھΪ壬̫ã֮۶ⴧ⡣
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˵ŻѩѾ̨ʲʮ壬Ϫ壬壡
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ԨԨû֮󣬵һץľʱԨ֡
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ںˣԨԨˣֱֲ̫ӸԨԨߣʲΪôˣҪתͷ͸ԨԨˣҲ̫ˣСûˡ
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ʵײСΪѣǵȥԨԨʲһͬ
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ٶ࣬Ƕѩ٣ԣһ͹ˡ
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Ĺʵǲ֪˵ʲôˣ˵еޣ˵еĵĹһž꣬˵Ĺ쵽棬ǵĹ֤˵е
һܻصȥȥδޣһҪ˷ħ񶼵͵סȿµջ
ѩһִ̣ѩ˵ʳǾˣϢ¶˳ȥ˿δػˣ˵Ѿץסˡ
붼һľ
쿴ѩ٣˹㻹˭
ѩٵԨԨ½ȾԨԨȥˣҲУһ˰һš
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ѩٵ˵ͷæҪ˵˭Ҫ˵ģ˵ģεõǰҺƹȥġ
̾˿ˣȻѾˣǾֻ㽻ѵ۹ˡ
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Ϊӵ̫಻ҪҰģǲҰģ½ƽ⣬ǿҰ죬Ҫݡ
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96 
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ⷬδŭ¹¹˵ܼŭ̫ˣοǰֻŭˡ
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ԼѰ㽫еʱ£ȥ
ĴҲ࣬һӶδһΣεľҲǼˡ
ǰֺ룬ռҪ˷޲ڸ֮䣬Ͽոȥܼ֮Уһ̻Ի͵ĵС
ϼ磬ɺչУΪ˹䣬ȴȻ嫡
ÿܱǰһһ⾳֮УкֻҪ־ܴһǿ⣬ȴƫƫ룬ֻٴ̸ܵԼС
İȸߴܷӳԼĲԼ;ңԶȷķ򣬾Ȼһȼ֮ѪҺУδĵ·ȷͼᶨ
ԱߵķȻܵ˰Ϣı仯Цŵ﹫ȴǲһˡ
ҲЦŻصľ仯ƿأǣյüȳʵס
ЦЦǸһԽҸǿ󣬵ȥһľ֮أٻܵЩӰ졣
ͻײҲδԣ֪Լ˭֪ԼҪʲôΡ룬ĵ֮УҲܰԼ̬žʱԨѡ˵ԭɡ
һ·ѩٵĹԸоеǿ˲١
Ƶǣۣ²ģԼǿ˲
֮⣬ӰҲһΰλɣлλػλͬУСƢãΰ͹ԹˣΪô˸ŶžƢ
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һĥ˼裬ɲѡֳ
ÿЩ˻ǵ㣬öĻһˮǵ÷
һӣ׼С쵽磬Сտس̶ȾȻܿԽҲˡ
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ѩֱɢȥڣΪϢĳ˰ǰˣǲǺһΪΪ᲻ȣһʲ˵Ϊͦȵģ⼸Ϫ־˲١
Ϫǰ͸ͬ壬ˮģʵġ
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ҲЦˣǣʲôҪȣҵŬǰ׳һꡣ
ѩ٣Ұ㲻𣿡
Դȥ֮ĥһҲǶУչȥء
ѩ⣺ðɣҸһСƣҪʲԨԨòˣԨԨڻʲҲòˣҵСƾͲһˣĶãţҪΣգ¶ˣǵСҪ
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ȻСʱôֺɴ˵ԲĹ̲סʵȥôô໤ǰӵģȥġ
ѾഺŮŮӵڿտյôźҪаɡ
𣿡
ڿտʼ磬Ƶ岻ҲŻҪܲĳвʳסеԼɣǲǸýпˡ
ѩ٣ʲôʱʥ鰡㲻ڣʥ鶼û˼ˡ
ѩƳһۣʲôʥ˼ˣ
ЦֹסСһݣﻹУ
ѩȭͷҪæ㡣
Цһ󣬻ûֵܵסǹɰ֮ģС۲ͷӣĻῪս𣿡
¹һʲϣѩٵȻ˵ѹûֻܵǵȻϷԵģ
°ͺٺЦһ뿴սʲôء
⻰䣬ڿտ׾һ£治ŵã忪սʲô𡣡
Ŷһġ
ڿտպߺߵģ
˵Ц䣬¥һȺˣһϪϪǵʱҲһԱߵ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻ˳ɫһȺˣƷӶԷϵĲɫȻǸ֮ңʱ˼ֽύ֮ģ˳ƳϪ⼸λʶ
ϪæҡͷֻǼλʷǷһʱðĶ࿴һۣˡ
˶ʱЩʧջĿ⣬δϪһȥ
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Ȼû䣬Ҳһ壬˵ˣϼҵɵӣԼ黻黨һ϶Ļʳóԣ˲ı˾໥͡
Ϫ;ÿ׬ȡ飬͵άճ裬벻𣬵Ҳܴδΰ׳Ա˵ģǲͬĲ졣
ܶСѵͷϪ;ܱںò٣ٶı㣬ҲĻȹϣǻԼһ߶ûˣ׵׵ĳһСˡ
⣬һֱװʶѩٶԴҲ⣬ֻżҲЩʳ鵹Ҳά
Ϫ׾뵽λʧٵĴ磺Ǹ绹û
֮ǰʶǵʱһϪʹԮѩٰһǵĴ磬ѩٵܿͰҵˣԭֻʱѶϢǳʲô⣬֮ǴҲһֱû
ֻ˸Щ龧żӺԶĵط˳һݴʾ˻ţŹڿտնЩ棬ȥһ˶ûء
ѩ٣ǻûУǰЩӵЩӦû¡
˵ŻϪͬղһ·һֻһϪں棬Ȼɨһӣ߸Զı¶һ˲Ϳƿˡ
¥󣬱ͻȻڸղϪ·ֲһ£ȡһŷֽչ󣬶ʱüͷȻڿտա
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½ŷֽŵϣʱ˵Ŀٴγڿտտȥ
Ϊֻֽ֣塣


97 
һȺ˶ϵķֱֽֿɢˣҲûܿʲô
ʲô˼ʲôǲǷؾ͵͵ǴϢʲô²ܹһ𣿡
ƵղȺһֱǿû취͵͵ˡ
ѩ΢΢üһֱţǱˣ
ӦòǣʶʲôˣҪһ𷢸ƣȻЩʲôı㣬ıɸйأǡǣһ¡
ֽעתƵڿտյϣʲô𣿡
ڿտҲһãȻתͷ£ʲô
ûɷŲϹλġ
ˣ
ݵĺоˡ
ѩ̧һУһӰ࣬ѩٵȥȺˣʲô
Ӱ漴ʧԭء
ȻҲûʲô챦ñ˿ŵģȻ棬ҲûеԴѩٰ˹ȥţ㽫Ҳˣת˵ϡ
Ҹڿտս˸񡣡
ѩٿһۣҲŸջҪȥ
һǺǱͬԺЩһ໥иӦദҲ൱Ĭˡ
ЦһοǸ߷񣬺òģؾڹ֮
ѩ٣ǵΪȥӹ֮񣿡
ȥ𣿾㱱µΪǸһ㣬֮ɽʿ֣µʵǹǺ
֪֮ǻеģһֳӵģҺòȡᣬ·̣ǹȥС꣬ǲժ֮еĹֻңʱ꣬ôŵȥ˹֮Ӧöڣõʱȥμİ硣
ѩټԼļƻҲͲٷԣԨԨ˵ˣÿ˶ԼҪߵ·ѣҲܻɢȥһ죬һǵǵʱûɣ˰ҹٸһ
ֺǺǵĹѩٵļϣֵܣ
ѩЩ棺ʲôãҹʲô
ڿտյѧԺиԺϵĳϣҪƲĵһζҩǹԼֺ龧񣬺򱦸λ϶ͽ𡣡
򱦸鱦֮֮⣬ؽͣҩɱֻҪǮʲôӡ
ѩٿ򻨳ͷƣôѵҪһһժ
ƵҪĺܼУĵ׼ĵҩ֮ͨǧǣһ޳ɣǣǲĵȽѵõһζҩ
ѩСʻҵĿⷿ𣿡
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ڿտձҲûָѩ٣׬˻龧Ҳǻ˴¾飬ˣҲɷˡ
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ƣƵȥʱһ
ѩٰȥûҪѽʲô˵ĶܲܳһֻҪ׵ްɡ
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ѩپ͹ЦϹ
ʮһЦҲŲԾЦǷʲô£ôˣ
ѩæղһ˵ҪôõĻǲǿʲô˯Ϊ۵رǣһѾ͵ˣ
ѩٵˣʮ߻ҲûۣܰܵҪҪ
ѩٻζŰ۵ĽѾӣҲŲҪԨԨ˵۽٣ʮҪһΣҵܻʮϣðҪ۸ʲôǸ칬ûɣ΢˳ԵȨûУ̫ˡ
ʮߣǾͲˡ
ѩٴιЦ߰룬ʮ˵ĺܵһ
ʮߺߺߵôܣҪ룬ʮȥλ
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ʮߣȻǣѡģǵϵһ棬ʣһٷɾ͵λһѹȫΪҲֻۣΪǾԲ˳
ѩ룬ôǾԲ˳ˣѾˣʲôԲ˳
ʮߴ˴СԴ治뷨Ҳ֪˭ġ
ѩֱʮʮģ
ʮһѽ˽סأô
ܿ췱ƾͻˣ˵ԣѩ๬ĽҲѾλɻʱһԡ
ѩ๬ѩй֣ĴǾ̫Ŀˣֻѩ๬Ľ磬Ҳãֻôһ㣬ѩٶҿˣҪǰæһʲôöû̫ˡ
ʮЦŵԸʲôö࣬ҪʲôûУҪԼŬҪôõʲô
ô˵ѩٻǰҪöģȻѾӵкܶˣ׼鱦Ĵ˭ء
ƽʮö޵˳Сѡʮö
޵ŨģҲǽϸѡܿͻƿǵģҪȷ޵ǷҪƿǣֻ轫УǷȡ֤޵Ҫһʱ䣬֤ͣҪƿǡ
Ҫ޵ƿҲжְ취ʮǰֱҵ̫ǿȡǲԼƿǣһ־
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ʮߵԣҪкöǾͻˡ
ѩһŰɫ޵Դˣҿˣ
ʮվԱߣԷſʲô˵ĶվԶ˷Ӧɡ
ѩٽ˫ַŵ˰׵ϣȻδ٣Ǿһƣ沢ûзɳʲô˵ĶһëûеСԴⶥ
ѩٽǲǳֱ׶ɴףʲôѽóۡ
ʮϸ̽һ£Ӧ񡣡
ѩ۲죺ȸһ񣿳ô󣿡
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ѩæҡͷҲҪһҲÿô죿
ڹͺͺģٿڶۡ
æ۰Ͱ͵Ŀѩ٣קһ½ǣС~
ѩٵϲȥɡ
ϲлС
Ϲ¼ȸһģβƯĲˣСĶ϶ûвģСͺͺúһһƯëġ
ĵһֻǷޣ񼶱ģһֻ޵ʮҩͻرˣ֤ѩٵǺܲġ
һֻˣѩٽĿתڶһֻɫĵеյɫƶ·ΪҪޣԽɸĶ붼Ǹйصġ
ѩٴľ˵㣬˺һǲƿһֻë׵צӣѩæǿһüһСǵССīͤһֻ޷⥣ͨѩ׳ÿƯˡ
ŷҲѪȻϡˣҲԶˡ
ʮߣ⥵Ҳ磬ϲϲ
ѩپСǵɣҲ˵ϲֻû̫ľϲԼһֻС飬ҲǾȷŰɡ
ΪûпʲôĶԺ޵ѩٿģ޾Ϳһֻǽر˧ӲӵɫϼֱС̫
ֻȻǷϵ뷱ʮϣѩپͽֻ͸˷ơ
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ļȻûпյһϡеʯͷͼҩһʮҩƷϵҩġ
ϵҪΪٽżʱͻ֮ã̶ܸȵİʿ缶ӶͻƵļʣÿһΪĽײϵҪģɽڿԽֵҩЧõޣƵĲϺ͵Ҫߣ˵һʮҩЩķ޼Ҫѵá
Ҳ֮δ׽٣Ƶʱڵȥֱλɳָȥ
Ժеļˣ֪Сֿһҩ
ʮ޵˾ſţʣһˣѩپҪǻûķޣȻһ𣬿ԨԨû˵ĻͰʣµĶʮ޵ˣȻѡһֻƯĵ
ţٴηŵ޵ϣû޵ƿơ
ѩæ涢ϸ鿴ȿһ˫۾һС˽ȥ
ѩѽһǸСް㲻ҾͰ㵰Ǹ
СæֻצӰ˵ǱԵѩһ£צӣôҵצе찡ҲῪһɣ
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ʮֻ߽ץϸ鿴һ£ޣѪǴѪ룬ɳ֮ΪޣΪΪצΪĸΪ㡣
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ѩٿһֻʱĶȥˣæȥѩ๬
ѩѾϲϲıϴȫˬιˡ
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ʽֻ׵˿ȷѪܲ룬ҲǳˣԺ󳤴󣬾ƷţܵϹһ
εĵ˵ѩٵĶͷѽʲ⡣
ѩٶʱĿʲҲҪ𣿡
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ѩ٣ϲһֻأƬҲɫҲÿһͣҪǡ
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һްôҲѪϹޣ¾һ˿ѪҲ˲ˣҪ֪ϹţǿΪʮ֮һģ
ܿϢֻˮϵСһϲĲˣʱ㽫͸СǸС㱻ѹġ
˶ʱһüһǰб죬޵Ľ֣춼Ѿ˵ͺƤˡ
ΪѩٵʱֻСޱܵ԰˵ռǵļˣ˱ģѩÿնֻһʱ飬̫˶С
ѩҲûôʱ棬Ϊ޵ĵڶ죬ȥҵӰͻ㱨ԭʲôؾȺץһöӡ
ȻЩ˾ҪѪȡӡ
Ϫ֮ǰ²ֻǰ·ʶЩ˽Ϫ̤ʯ⼸ȥ̽ؾϪȻҲǴԵ㱦໥֮õĹϵ໥л¶ؾϢŶý
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ܲɣڿտվǸʥŮ


98 
ץһ⣬ͲΪߣӻʹһΨİԵͨˣѦԪҲǸϪһȺ˲ǣϾԵˣ붼ʱġ
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֮ǰֻǲ£ʾܱͷѹ˫ֱӴˡ
һѦԪ˲ŷ֣ڵ߸ûʲô֣ΪߵҲֻһ˳ڵʿΪƫԶ֮ػ΢ܿڳʥǣǶɽǵɣҲеģȻǲ
ڳ͸˵ˣǸڣѦԪ΢ָܽ
ҲĴСϵģȻԾڵЩ˲ռ潫ɱˣҪǳһĳɱǾͻˣѦԪֻǽڳͬļ᲻ϵġ
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ھˣ֪ԼĽڷԴޣܴ粻ʱͻһЩ龧;ǱϾˣҴҲ֪ƴôִţʡʡΪĽҲô겻Ҳ˻ڡ
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ڳС֪ܵйĺᣬ֮ϣǷˣҲֻѡ
ȻˣԳһ壬ӣԼϵʹа̣ΪС֪ڳҲǲĴڡ
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ڳҪ˵ɵҲȷӲ˵ɣƫƫĻмۡ
һֱ֮ԭʥŮ֣ûʥŮŵһε峤ʥŮ
֪ԼѪ޷Ϊʱ͵͵ԹˣȻ֪ʥŮڿտǷܿνֻҪʥŮڿտյѪԣǿ϶ͻȥڿտգʱڿտվ֪Լץˣһġ
ڳȻѾˣĸһĸµһУΪʥŮڿտϳ塣
ݺڿտڼĿʹʥŮеԭʥŮݱᡣ
˵ڿտձʹˮ׷ǰɱҪڿտߵǸелеմڿտˣһǻὫڿտץסΪһӵһ˵ġ
Ȼȥһٶ꣬񲢲ԼʲôˣָڿտָȻΪڿտڵļū͸Ϊ
û뵽ǣЩȥʥȰڿտʱȴֱӱڿտյĻԶ˵ʶʲôǸ˻һȭߡ
ʱڳžڿտǼǺԼڣ˶ץˣа취ѶҲϲ˾ڳٴһｻѦԪ׻Ŭ´ĸ׵Դһ
ѦԪ俴ڳЦһһףĿ̧һӣֵܳȥˣֻжɽΪѦԪֵܼΪ͵ĻСܿڳһˡ
¸Ϫ޹أϪͷβû֣ű׵ڳûסĳһЦ
ǸڵСֱӳЦʲô
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ûóСӻܻڽ˳Сֻˣɱ˶ᱦҪڵġ
ԼȺ˵뷨ҲڽҪڵķΧڣǾͲ˵ˡ
Сܿڳֿ˿ϪӦһȷͦġ
ٴγϵǣڿտյǴʥˣ߻вˣɽʿλſеȷĸڿտʲô̱СĺܣǸ֮ĶԹǵ£Ҫǣȥǵȥʥһͷǻûб»߳ʥǣ
ڿտվȻͷҲص׼ߣ̲סѵⲻĸ׵
ڿտЦһиģûΪһȥģֲɵ
˵ֱӸŹļ·ˣǹȻʱޣ˭֪֮ʲôȥ㡣
ĶûǧѼҲд󼸰ˣһɵţȱء
ӻ󣬶˵ٴνѾ׵ڳһ٣˼ţȭߵȻûжܲסأڳΪֵͣƤŹҲˡ
Ĳ㺦ˣҪʥŮǣһѶûܣ
Сæ׷ʣʲô
ӵʥŮСͬԺѣϵ׽أСӣ˵ģǶ߳ʥǣ
ڿտվȻСѣѾЩ־ڳæصҡͷʾܣϧ׵ͶŲ˵
صģһķ̧һߣѹûҴ嶼磬˵ȡʲô
ѦԪѾֱӵһѪãǾȡͷѪԣͷѪҲûãԺ˵
ڲŶɽڣûٽͻƵıϣʱȡҲܷãԺٿ
Ϫǵ°㶼룬ҪɱҲֻ߿һЩʶ࣬ѦԪΪͣⷬ˳ûҪһߣպ
ſһ׺ɱ⳯ԼڳҪܣҪˣֻ͵Ҫʶһ磬ûԼ档
ӱסĿԽԽ٣ڳȥ
ǰԺͻȻ棬ģþģԱøġ
Щûеļʾԭеδ̳峤֮λڿտձžѪıؾУѣġ
֪Ϊʲôḡֻ棬ҪĸһЩʱӵ͵һܸоԼͷѵʹУٶľûˣΪܿϢʹ඼ˡ
Ŷҵ˻ѩٶˣǸˣˣ
Ӱͷǵģͬ˵ļʬ嶼ˮˡ
ѩ٣ϪǼȥؾ𣿡
Ӱʬ֮Ǿֱȥؾ
ѩæ㰲ȥţЩ˳ôɴݾȻǺģºҪ˫ɢȥǾˣҪǸɱڣǾͰϪ
ӰӦһǣԭʧˡ
ѩϣ߶Ƶҡţһ߿򻨳ͷƣ𣿡
ȻûƲ˵صĸֹżûµʱϲŶҲǼʶ㣺ŵ죬ȶΪһ岻ھʹû䣬һ˿ӡС
ѩٲ⣺һ˿ʲôã𣿡
⣬ߺüԲǸϡĶ
ƣд˵ⲢǼ򵥵зӡһһǣΪµĳͬڵɵֻʱѳ֪ɵŷһһǣԵ֮˿ϣһһ˳׳塣
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ҡҡͷҰʷôصģҾһ˿ûҰʷصĿŶȸߣСҪҪ֪罫
ѩ٣ˣǱ˵Ķԩ޳Ϊ˶ֵ˷
ҲãҲգ˵ûʲôõģֲܳԣҲòϣȡ˵ĻѩپûԵء
ѩٲҪЩҪ͡
ѦԪ֪ؾҲãϪ֪ЩҲ˵ôϸֻ֪ؾһĶⵤǧڵˣĶҪǸԼǧڵĵſڡ
ѦԪȻǵˣǲŻʥǣ֮ǰץ˸ǧڵĵ˼ҵĵƣϢԣǵƴ򲻿Ľ硣
ץ䵥ĵӣһ޺ģƺ۶Ĳˣ֪Ҫŵȥ򿪶磬һװ̸һԼϢҪٵֺΪ˱Ϣй¶ȻǱɱˡ
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Ϫ֪ʶȤѦԪûҪɱҲϪὫй¶ȥΪʱһĵԱˣСӵĴȻҪģԺǧֻ鷳ࡣ
ƫƫ˳˶֮󣬳һĵҩм׼ĵҩҲǷּģܵʦϸµĻ֣ͨͨΪĴ󼶱ƣãƽΣȻеиߣƷϾԽߵȼĵҩԽѵá
ڶ˷˼׼ĵһʧõŷ֮ϪֵģϪȻҲҪ̣ϾǿǽģҪ˫ܴһ£ȻǺ̺
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һ»ʲô˵ģͶǷŵϪһѶһѵıѷȻӵ˱ʯС
ѦԪû뵽ϪﾹȻô౬ѷŶƷҪ֪һƷıѷҲҪʮ飬⻹ǵ͵ȼķ˵ɽʿģǵȼͲһˣһٵ龧ƷõĻ
ϪСӿͦģû뵽һ־ȻһѣʵǳϣˣǷϪҲͻȻıѷըĻ˲佫˸ˡ
ϪСѰ
龧İãѩϲľǻַ䷳ĻĶ˾͵ˣ̯ӵҲûڹȥ̯ӣһŵͼһ龧һҪ
Ϫѩ˲٣͵ҲתЩŻܷó
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ǿʱϪ˳Ǹɽڵʿ׷˳
֣ɽʿ
ѦԪû뵽澹ȻˣƺϪˣʱ޺ۣû뵽갾ӥȴӥۣ
ܣȴһɸסˣΪĲ̫ѦԪǶ֣ܿͰһڵϢϪ ұҼֵɥ֣ҲǱ˸ղŶɱ֮ĪҪϾɱһߵĺá
Ϫ鷳λ߰ס
֪СĹϵԵҲûʲô⣬ֱǰѦԪס
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Ϫһ䣬ֱѦԪֱŸæԼιһŵҩϢ
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ΪĲڶʱ޷򶷣ھദҲЩ˵Ƣԣ壬ѦԪΪ˽ΪҲߣ⼸ʮֺöԸ׾屻ɱϾѩ͵ķһɱӣ˵Ų
ԭŽһһӳֱ˾ȥֻҪӵ˾óѩٸСȡ
û뵽澹Ȼλѩߵĵɻ
ϪѦԪʬһ˵λ߻ԴƬ̣һͳ
Ϫܻض˺һųһöݸ˵׵֮񣬷λ߰תСҶлСĻ֮
ĶЩҩҲãǼϵĲҲã̶ֳȹѩٴ˶Ʋϡ
ʲôûɵѩͻȻõԼ׼ĵ


99 
׼ĵǻ൱صģһѩȥ򱦸ʱ򣬾һ׼ĵ˽龧
ʥб޵ĵΣѧҲֻǻƽ׵һ׵Ķ٣ΪȼԽߣЩԽǲ¶ЩĴڣǵʦ״ӣ⴫ڳؽ׼ĵ˵ˡ
Ҫõ߼ĵҪôԼǮȥҪôƾȥá
ѩڼ׵ĵȻͰװţţһѾʧ
Ȼ֪Ϫε˶ٶ⼸ŵļֵͺܲˣѩ˸Щ龧ȥҲ龧ƽʱ㻨ǮûϷѳԿ
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Ѱûµʱһ㶼ڴĹģѩʱȥʱҵˡ
ѩٸճʵĽپСʵ£Сˡ
ԭĹĵʶʱЦˣСһ²
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ѩ̨ףʵߣ˳ʲĻ𣿡
һûסǺһ£ߵĽʱһҵθԹԣСЩɶ
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ѩæͷβ˵һ飺ŵҵȥû⼸ŵҪûУҾӡһߡ
óⵤ˻һݣƶǱҲе׵ҲҪһݻȥģ߿϶ҲС
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ѩһ̾ڿտ˵ûˣּһСǶ磬һΪǸûС壬û뵽ȻһС硣
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ͷԼͺãʲźòã㻹⣿ʲȥ׼
ѡȫûҪѩֱӵҶҪ
ЦŵúãҪҪ
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صƶʱʱԨں¹ģѩٻϲϲسʱԨȥԨԨ벻ң
ʱԨа׵ָ⣬ס΢΢ƿҿֲ˼ˣ벻кҪ
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¹̧ѩ٣΢΢ЦѹϢʱɳǰ鿴ԭڳġ
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ǰյ䣬ΡɹĬ࣬һɾֹı䡣
ѩһȾɫʣůһˣСҲ˲ϲɡ
ʱԨȴЦһСԽԽˡ
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ʱԨû˰취ֻõΣҿǿö
ѩټᶨıһ޵ŵʱԨС
ʮ޵ʮſţʲôûУֻҺҺҲǺöǼЩҩһ֮á
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ǿʱѩٶĬˣⶼǽǧϸѡƷõ޵ȻܿһҲһˡ
ǧҩҩ԰ģʯѰϣȻҲҪϰ龧ģ޵ļֵ˵ǿˡ
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ѩٽŵͷβһߣСֹһֻķްɣҪƯģ
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ʱԨһֻ̧֣Ǿܻû޴ķ˲ͱʱԨѹ˵ϣһȥֻĻû¶ԭĴС
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ѩվԸ⵱Ǿ˰ɡ
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׾ҲǴϹѪ޲϶֪СģʱԨ̾޶࣬Ҫ۳׵ĺܡ
ϾѪ϶Գ۵ı¥ǰ棬ֻ׾һŷӵѪİ׾ԼȻһս
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ʱԨֻ׾ѩͻȻ̾˿ʱɫ΢΢ڣѩתͷЦ죬׷Ҹԡ
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޶ʱˣͷһԺҲܺģ
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ʱԨջĿ⣬еûۿ


100 
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ֵÿѩԽˣΪȻʱֱŵģǲŬŷ;ɲ˵¯ѩҪԹĶţ˯ҲһĵţѩҲͺٽŽ
ճűѩٵĿһһڳ
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ʷһ˴ĶǷᣬΪܵƣ˭ȥȥġ
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ĽʱѩٵĶѵÿԳ棬ѵȫһУѩÿݵ󣬲ھ޴ķȥǴԽƲзȥ
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101 
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֪ҪѡΪԼ˾ȴ˸ǲԸûǿ
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ڿտֱסѩ٣Ҫúһ룬һ롣


102 
Ӧѩٵİ磬ڿտȻҪŬĳϽعȴȥ˵õѩٹٻ塣
һߣڿտֱӻһϮʢװͷٴС裬ϵӡҲʱװһ˲ֱ˴ǰǸûûεڿտա
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ʱع׷ɱ»û׷ˣû뵽عȻͨڡ
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ʱԨһµҿⷨӲʱ¼ѿͷָǰýҵһöؾϧôξó䵱ɡ
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ʱԨͽʶ˵ĹϵԵŻϳμʱԨϵѩʱֱ壬ΪʱԨ˽⣬һ۾ϳ齣նɽ
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˵ŻѩŵϤϢһͷӴæ첽˹ȥ壡
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ʱԨ˵ţָḧüĵӡϣԣ˭ΪУʱս


103 
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ʱԨḧӡϵ֣һƽɫһԽԵɫȴֻѩһܿƽ᣺ϲ
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Цݲʰҧһ˲ͻȻͶÿʮ߿˳ʱԨԭˣһȻ˺ܲ˳۰
λϵʮ൱ˬֻ̫ûʱԨϼһ̫Ļˣ
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ѩһֱԺģûԼȻյһħ绹ҪĴ½л񣬲ͽңģԨԨҲˣôһ룬ѩٲûסٺЦ
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ƺԶһЦģһϵЦݸԨԨһӶֲ
ѩЦųʱԨȥ
ѩٻʱһһճˣΪпسʱԨ˵μ㣬ԶЩ⿴Ҳˡ
ѩ̲סҲԨԨġ
ЦԨԨѵǵλ𣿡
ѩ٣ǰԨԨԨԨҪ˵ʲ
߹½Ⱦ²һģΪ𾪣ôϵһλˡ
¹ЦʣԨԨʲôλӣ
ѩ俴ԨԨԨԨҲʱһؿȥֻ¶ԨԨﵱȻλѽ
Сֻ˵ǰ歽ձ¾˵Ҫʱ򣬾ͱ歵ĵסˣһǧŸų
ǰ֮֮ǰԲ˵ȻĻܻᱻʲסʲʮ϶Ҳ
С̶ˣ´ЦѵñôŻܱԣҲֺôˡ
һߣѩֱʱԨϣ˫ֻʱԨĲϣҪ͸ѽ
ʱԨüĵˣţ
ѩΪʲôҪҰңûˣ
ʱԨǰԺֻܽסˣҪҿˣҸߣҲֻˡ
ѩæ§ŲأҵľģʲôģҲŲߣԺõģررá
һǰʱԨҲ벻һӦһ˵ӵ£ϰߵôȻȻѩٳˣ׽Ȼδе˿Ĳʡ
Ź߻˵С̶ʱԨЦθ÷
ѩҪʲôҾ͸ʲôˣҵˣҾ͸Ҳϣ˭ãҾͶ˭ã˭㲻ãҲá


104 
ϢĴݣСҲԽԽ֪һķӦǴ𾪵ĽһΪ˵ɻɵˣ¼һʱԨ񱻻ἰʱ̲סʼ䵱ꡣ
뵱ʱԨҲǷһʱĴڰöһҶϴơ
Ϊ壬ȴһ·ն֮ضȻһƬȷѪꡣ
ǱĻֻ̣䵥Ҫ͵͵ɱУ˭Ҵĵ׷ɱǼֱΪС
ʱԨһƺһƿǣڲϵ׷ɱͷɱȫȻĮӣ׷ɱǽиأϧһһıʱԨն˽¡
ٺʱԨ츳¶һǾٴɱۣȻʱʱԨδѾԽնɡ
ȻҲΪŵǿҲò˵ɱ¾жЩ˯Ϊȫһ
ֱʱԨǹ֮ȻɱȷѪʱǹȥʱԨ˸ǣŵ͵
һ㣬Ҳȥ˼꣬ûôˣ֪ʱԨĿ֮
ʱԨͿٳ½ֱжԶжԶЩҲ⣬ܲˣȻҲ֮ͬ飬ûǶشˡ
֤ȷѪ𾪵ǣԭΪһ·ƴɱʱԨһаǣΪԼľЩͺӵһеС̻ӵķߺ޲ƽΪĴֳȻĮǱȻġ
û뵽̴УʱԨȻǵһˣ
Щ˶ˣ̵Ȼ𣬴󵽿Լıҹݶһ޶ĳ谮ȥһԼѪԵϵˣ
Ȼʵǣô󣬲ˣ綼ʺۡ
ΪôܳΪһʱ仰ʣû뵽ȻʱԨȥˣ֪ʱԨʲôҪ֪ʱԨĽڣ͵ȵıͣôҲܽһ̸۶ȵ˻
ǧ˭㵽ʱԨһ־أ
ʶıӣıǰǺݺݼһڱʿ
˼ּǰҲڹۿϯΧۣδйıпܱ忴е˲ʿһî˾չʾԼƳ졣
ѩΪǣȻѹۿѹѹһƬȻľȻеǹһһգĬͬһˡ
жӣͿѪڣ·Χ۵ͨʿĪһ֮ǹΪԺУǰδеǿҡ
ȵ֮󣬱Ϊλпʼ͡
˶Ϊʿ໥ϣӵԵֵΪһεıѵʮͣճɹʱ
ıãĵӣÿһеĳǹÿһʽĳƣһɽ֮ƣ֮ʱǹ綼һ
뺰ţۺ޹𶯣ƻֺ̬֮ڳһ񶼲Ϣ
ѩٿʶ˺ḧԳʵ䣿Ž
ѩͷ
Цſһ˿п˶Ȩãϣ˹ⲻ֪λʱԨĸ׳Ϯ
ѩ̧ͷʡ
ʵ֮λ̳УǴ嶼Ҫ
ѩɻΪʲô
ЦʣԸԸ⣿
ѩʶҡͷȻͳһЦ
ҲЦλԽߣξԽ˭ڵģʱԨĵˣʱԨһˣ⵹ùߵλӾͷˡ
˵ţٴνĿ⿴򾭹ѵ̬òȫһһգ·˽磬һȺδǵǡ
ѩ٣ǣ
ʵǰһȺǣΪһͷ˱¹ʨӶʨֻȺʮֻͷ˵أ϶ҧһ⣬ͣĳֻʨӹ˹ȥȻֻʨˣˣȺӮ
ʽִѩٵļϣǻ۵ļ򣺡ǶôȺʶҪ죬ܳΪǸȺ޷ΪһǿȺԺ裬ҾͽȺ֮ףҪǿ˸ҷ
ǰޱǿѩٵǻʲ쵽ˣڵˣ˭
΢ۣ΢ǿ֮·ûоͷģ⻹ء
ƲУҲΧһı
·ǿ任ȴĬǿѵصģԶǰѮľ
ľҲֻʮ֮Щǿа
ں󷽿𺳣̲סСˣǲҲһˣ
˵ΪС꣬˼ҸҲʼοĪҪս
˶ʱ˵ˣʦĴ˭սȥ룬ֻȻһԣΪ˸һֻذֳ꣬ôĶ
ǸıҲʼҪħ岻˺Ҳж֮ףǵĳֻǲ˺󣬿һǾͷܿˣֻŪøսӲ
Ķγ۵ͷᣬѵƫƫĶܿһѹơ
͵ǹɳƣ֮۲ɵÿϿգżŴȴƫƫƿһе
ĺʣһеǲȫΪѹѹҰĺĵʧص
ȻΪۣƹ磬ΪƫƫҪܾƫ
Ϊۣƿصĵطȴֻ졣
ϣЩ߸֮ϣ˵ȨѹһͷǺõġ
˱αΪۣ
˵ۣ˵Ŀܣʵϴδйһĵġ
ˣαҪԼѳǰ׷ޡ
·ľɫ糣ƽĿΨвڿе֣ճȭ䲻͸䣬޷ǲһӮˡ
һӱ˻񻺻뷨ֻǸ̾ţѾǿˣղһܼٵѮߵĽ
ЩѮһִľܶһɴ֮Ϊѵ֮ľǿǿع֮Ǵ´࣬ܰܳһʱˡ
뷨һºĳЩƻˣǿˣֻı֮δܵóԸҪһ
ܳɾλߣͳϲŭɫıˣʻǽ˵ɫ۵ףȻһıѾﵽƻЧߣҪµˡ
һȥѩٻ˿˫ĿʣЩЩ
ЦŵԺ۸㣬ȥʮ塣
ѩٲʮ壿
ʵЩʮıһѵģЩ֮ѳ˿ɶĴˣʲҪָǶףʮһִģ۸ˣʮҲܴǸȥ
ѩСԭʮûƭҰǰ˵˭۸ˣʹȥ
ֻȻ֪ʮĵ񽫣ʮĻ˵̫ŵȱ۵ףҲأҪܴ££о嶼ʮǿ
û뵽ʮôԺô
Цеͷʮĵطŵ֪嶯ŭƢ꣬洳ʲôŹ£ٳͺǣӻСܸӼƽϲǡ
ڹ׼ɢʱһ̻һƬҹĻɢǶɢɵϿգάϢɢǳһ񣬸ֻڷɻ̾չβϷ̬һһ졣
̬֣
ѩ۵ſ죬̻Ȼǿ󲿷ֶǻɫһͬųһӣѩٻǵһμ
ʱ½ȾΪС׼񣬴Ϊҩƣ˵СȻԵ˹磬Ǳ˵ͬ죬ҲһСĸ󡣡
ϵĻţѩٺﵹӳа쵵ɫʣ½ȾĻһͷڵƻӳ䣬ײʱԨ˫У漴һĨõЦݺεسʱԨ˹ȥʱԨ΢΢һ
컨ǰǴߵһ˿ġ
ûбһ̣ʱԨǿҵĸܵһֻӣǳˡ
һѩٹ˷ܼˣı𺳣һӲһֱŵ̻𣬵Ȼ޵ƵĽ֪̻ͣΪʲô
ͬѰ̻ԸҩƣҩеŵĲǻ𣬶أܽһƬѹ½Ⱦ˵ͬء
ҲǵһŴ̲סôĶǺѵã
ƣȻѵãƵķʧҲ˵֮صﶼѵã˵ŵĻһһҹǴǳأҲҪͿϰĻˡ
ѩٷڴϣȻһҹû˯˷ܵһ˯ⶼûУԭվȻôְÿ궼գÿ궼ô֣
ЦȻǣմֻǼ۵ףһ£廹壬壬ûһô󶯾ģҲˣ궼һ»ıⶼñͿˡ
ѩٹһЦԨԨǣÿ춼һ𣬶ûΪ׼ʲôû뵽Ȼ׼ô࣬Ǿϲɡ
ѩڴϣǵԨԨٳˣҲҪ׼ϲУܵٳҵǰͿʼ׼Ҫ׼ʲģʮģϪģϧɷִ֮廹īͤҪصǵȥˣˡ
Ѿڽ𣿡
˵ѩΪ촫ףǾ볯ʥôԶ󲻵ͽˣǶ󣬶ʮ˾Ȼûã⻹˽⽨죬һԱȣȻԨԨ
ƽѩߵЬӼŵһԣҪ˯һ
ѩҡͷ˯ţһ㶼ˣﵽ˰˵òμҵ磬նҪˣû
˵ҪӦûģⲻɷֶûɷֿ󣬻һµıƴӦü
ѩٺ˺ߣӴ˯ţȥԨԨ
˵žֱ´ܣæЬ׷ȥЬȥֲ·ĸɸɾһ˽Ŷܡ
ߵʱԨԺ䣬ͱ֪ʱԨһȥ˹֮Ĺ۴ǸɷԴ֮ء
ʴһӵˣǾȥ۴ӹ̼ӹ̽硣
еӹһû©ȱܹǺ£ϾҲȷѵһˣǾһȥˡ
ѩվʱԨͥԺſڣ˫ֻأȻû˸˵
ʱԨͥԺźҲˣСϤĺܣЦŽ͵ɢСȥϴЪˣǴЩʱȥģ˭֪ǰŸߣСˡ
ѩתͷƺͻҪȥ𣿡
ʱ֮ǰǶÿ۵ġ
ѩٿôĸֻҪԹĻ䲻ңֻõǲȥˣǳȥתתɣһûɷ鳤ʲôأ˵߾кܶ೤ֵֹޣж޳ȥ
߾óǺܷٵģе֮ء
Ҫʺ˶ˣóҲչˣܽɷɷģΪͣĺöȻ٣бģֻҪǸԼҲãı߾شкܶ½ףĸ·͸ˡ
⵱Ȼһ£ͨСٴγͷҲһ
ʥǲһǣ˴Ŵ綼ˬΪʳǱߣöǸţЩŵ·һϮɴƮƮһۿȥһ
һĸɴ䣬ÿĸǧ
ΪУʱĹ֮ǽһ֣ϾĻˣûʸģҲ̲סˣ翪ɷ֣Ϊ֣ΪЩöҲҪƴһƴ
ˣǳеȻҲͶˣѩڽϣģȳʥǻ֡
ѩ٣㿴Ǹɷ顣
ѩæŤͷȥи̯ϰڷһ֪ʲôʵ͸ӣһſźɫСĴָ׸һСûеСӣǺڵɫвͬеĺڵķеĺڵķҡ
ѩ߹ȥĴɷ鰡ʲôѽ
С곤Ȼһ㣬װ׾ˬɾ̲סøУȻ࣬Ҳû̯ĽܵһЩƹҩЩҩֻǺϲְϵǹɷֲһЩרʳɷޣҲɷι
ѩ٣޾ﶷ޳ֶ𣿡
̯ͷǡ
ѩٸ˵ʲôһ˹ߴŵļӸֱӼ˹ͼվ̯ǰǸ
ѩæûбȻһ
ѩ٣
Ϊʲô£ѵԺðڳС̲ŲȲ۵ĳײ


105 
ˣͷƵĵһӦǵѩٵǰ棬Ⱥ۵ײˣȻܵѩٵӰ죬ڶӦȥ˵ĳࡣ
ŵͦһƸ߽׷µĲϣ֮һϳΪһʱСͻȻòʶ˶·ûУ˵С
ȻСʹıзҳһӣüһƣβϵһƯĺᣬС⡣
ǼֵƣЩ䲻ϡ
Ϊ׵ǷۣƤ㲻ϼףŵҲɾȧԸߣƻ˷۴ľ¸С
һ˫ԳͣĪԳ˼ֿ̱֮⣬էһǿʵĹģȴͲסϸϸĶоÿ
ջĿ⣬ȻСࡣ
վһԵҲûߣֱһ۾ߣԵһѩٵҪҪôƴֵһҪļơ
Ϊ׵ǸûǸСֺ޲ܿϣһûֱӽΪ̯ϵɷ飬ָһУʲôۣ
̯Ǻɷɷ飬ʮ龧һš
ӻδ˵ǸղŸѩ͵һ̯ҿҪۣĪǼ֮ͶˣۣŲץȥ˾Ƕú۸Ƿ
ŵĿ˲˵һһɣʮҪôһأֻƤ۵ӹ롣
׼Լһɨʱվվ˫ۻǲĵһ̯̬ܲȵģ
ѩǱ߿˿˺ʲôһ
ҲѩǱƫƫͷǵ˺ٻĲɡ
ѩٿ˻һۣѵǹ𣿡
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ʱΪ׵ּ̯ۻۣһаţȫҪˣһǧ龧Ρ
̯⣬һ㰮̬ȣʮ龧һţˡۡ
ɫ䣬һ䣺Ǳˡ
˵ֱ뿪̯ӡ
ѩƲƲ죬ҲƲƲ죬һۣͬʱ˸ۡ
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̯Ļ£ֱһƴѩٶһȴ̯λ˳ֱӽһƵɢ
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ˢˢˢسӷȥΪȻĸҪߣֱͽֽסǰȡ
ѩۼĿֱ𣬽ͺ죬΢΢ЩȻһȲûб濴ôɡ
̯һУǰֱӴӵɳΪȱԵҶڷӵƻһڣѪ˲Ⱦֻ֣һεεĵ˵ϡ
̯ջȺƺЩֱһˮ֮Ӹϴһ飬һת˸ȻϸɸˬˬûһˮŽȸ
̯˹ʱӵĸҲӵһƸղűˣٲΣ̯ķһۣΨʼѩٵǸҩòĽϵ˿ڲϡ
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ֻ俴̯ɨһۣתˡ
ѩٶʱԴɻˣˣֶûء
Ǹ̯ˣѩٶʱ۾Ŀȥ˰ѵǻдģеĸˣ
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һԵߵպֻϳעڲδԿʶ鿴ʶҪһֻ֪Сļɡ
ѩſڴ̨Ͽ·޴еֻޣȻ˵һһֻúܣ޴һֻſſĻմճҺ壬ֻ۾Ϸһֻ޴۾ƨɺ滹һƺŹ̵β͡
ߵ󸣬һֺ͵ޣ޻ҺԵĶԣմȾͻֱɥʧж
ֻȽ˵ÿһ㣬ҲûкÿȥһֻƤȴǹ̼׵Ĺ࣬ͱƽе棬ɳֻצûβ͡
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СνˣȻҲνʮ龧Ȼܶ࣬С˵ǲҲֵá
ܿ߾ͶһѳԵĺȵĻˣÿ˵㣬ȻӦʺѩٿζŵѩٵǰ
ĶѾʼˣļȻôע˼ۺûʲôȤˣЩûǵģֻԭʼܵĹģʽ˺ҧײŶԷͷԼеݡ
в˾ϲֵԭʼսֺ·ҰԣЩܴлĸ򣬻е˾ǴҪ㷢ǹѪѪͷĴ̼һЩ˵һָйϵĴ̼ܡ
ϧûһǺսģ̫ߣִҲǳԶѩֻδǵĶԴ򣬴ĻûͰǺÿ
һ꣬ѩôû꣬͵رһæ̽ͷһ
ղѾһϢֻޣֻצץ˫ⳤ͸ǽֻ۸˳
ʧȥ۾ʹĴʱֱӽһֻԴˡ
ھۿ޶ģǱ˸СţӮ󸣬Ժö˲ŻӮĸֹסϧ޴ʣΪɿصģҲΪʲôҪӮ˭Ҳ֪᲻ᱻɱ
̨ϵһ˷ųһֻɱ۵Ҳ¡
ѩһʱʲộרſ޵𣿡
һԵߵϳǰι˵ҩģֻбιҩ޲ŻܵĿơ
ѩŶһΪרſ޵ĶأӮ˰ɣ
ߵͷֵҪҪȥ󳡿Ҳһֻе³ã˵Ӯೡء
ѩٵˣûȤȥӮ龧
⶷޳ÿӮˮúܣȻΪпӮǮͲߣСûм˼ȻǿæȥȡӮ龧
ѩָһǧͣôǽ˵˲٣ڸ޹֮ģ͵µģ˳ӮһСʡ
ȴӶ޳պһӭһ֮ǰӡ
ѩʶϿһۣʲôҩƤ˻Ѿˡ
Ҳһۿѩˣʱһӿͷٿһ˶ԼֵߣʱñðˣҲûֱӳ֡
һӵֱĿѩ٣ڰӰȻܵ˼ҴС˲ų֣Ȼѩվһûٴһʵĵɡ
һֻ߲м̣һɴŮӣ״һ
˲δ˼ųѩŭӹôĵӣ֮ͥ¾ҳˣ
ѩЦһģûôģԼмֱû𣿲ƽ㲻ֵ˷ʱ䣬ȴ㣿
ѩ˵ųӰһ׶
ӰӦŮ˹ҪѩߵӰɣΪӰһġ
žܣͽͣ;õﴦһɾʹ漴ٴα˵ϡ
ѩ߽˼˫ָڱ΢΢ͷôϲ֣Ǿ㳢Ժ붯ȴ˵ζ׶ĵһ߶ͻܵ˺ѵʹ׶Ҳǲܽ⣬ǰһλ֡
ɫһƬɷףǹɾͿ־˲ȫ
ѩȴĿת˵ļӣȻ󳯻֮ǰһŹϹ۸ģιˡ
æǰǸǰ۹æġ
ЦһôϲۣԺ׸ˣҼүʴȣֻϹ꣬ûժһ˫׳Ѿˣ
ɴŮ޹׼޺ͱѩٸһȥȣƢѾˣֵķǵСһһԿ
Ůӱֻܺ۵һ˫ĿӯӯƯϧɴסˣȻǾɫҲѩٸһЩ
ѵ˸ýѵˣѩת׼ߣ˵ͱ
ͻȻһ󾪻ŵļһӰǰѩٱ˾Ͷ㿪ӿȺһӰͷһץһҲֳ
ѩٱӰŷɵеʱ򣬿Ǹ޳ֱˣ޴ǿƻĴ˳ѩٿǸ׶Ϊܣֱӱһֻ޴޲˽¡
ʱŵһգֻ޵Ľű˻Ҫһȥ˶ˡ
ѩپˣôˣ
Ӱޱˡ
˵һྪƣҺС磬Ҫڶ޳ڣıǼ˵Ϊ֣Ҳұ֤ܽСĴ
ѩҲңҪˡ


106 
޵ıܿ쾪˻ܻΪڶɽڣѰ޶ҪɽʿֲܲץԲ֪Ǳʲô̼ıޣҲһʱǰ
ڶ޳̯һʱҲأ֮˵ΪͣӻûģҪֹͨƻȴס
·ƻĲңѩټæûʲô취ȥֹ֮ǰǸ˵ʲô̿Կޣôû˷̣
ӰֻܿսĺޣǱʱڣƲס
ѩæӰųȥȥæɣ赲һһ£һԶԶġ
ɳ֣ܱһѶɽڵĻƴõĶࡣ
ĸӰһѩߣ˰Żһͬޣǿ񱩵ѾʧأλɣҲǺķһŴ˼ֻ
һҶ޳ôֻмֻޣ˵ҲдʮֻΪ̫࣬ŻôĻҡ
һֻβ޿ĳײǶ˸һβĴ򣬼һƬסʱѩæȡ齣͵ӿ˹ȥ
ֻǰһ뻹ڷ񣬺һһ޴ֱֱصȥһ죬ĳ
ѩپһ˲ɶҪüвܴޣһоͽˣ
ܿѩٷӦ϶ģתͷĹ˿ȥȻ󿴵ڴԶˣʱɫһϲæſ˫ַٳȥԨԨ
ʱԨһֽסѩ٣һֿٽ·ȥǼֻͬʱء
ģѩٿľסɺĲడ
ļֻʱԨ֪ȡһʲôƴĺɫðЩ·ֱײһ٣Ȼ볯ķ
ʱԨſѩ٣Ⱥɫ˿ңƽ־޼֮ǰһƴģ˲磬Щ޴ޱʧص޷׷ײҽаء
ɻæֹɱæǰһʱƬѪȳ죬޺𲻶ϡ
ʱԨһ䣬ͼȥɱ޵Ӹ˻һ˲ƾֱ뿪ԭء
ҽδҸհ̲ʺѪȳ棬Ȼ޶ĲˣŵļֻҲѾû̫Ĺʣµļɽʿճ˵мڣҪȥ
ʱԨȻѾˣԼʱ򣬾Ѿɱˡ
Сˣͷ໥һۣûѡ׷ȥŸԵ齣ɽȺæȻѾһϢˣǶɱֻ˵ҲܵЩָУҲܽЩϵ֮
գ۵ʱ䣬ѩپʹһƬ޵ѪصʱС˵ĿʱԨôһˣҲɱ޵ġ
ʱԨһۣģ¸Լһ裬΢һ׼ſڣȺô£
ѩһãȻҲ֪
ʱԨûϵ
ѩٸãȻΪʲôйϵ
ʱԨԲһɣΪǰûסˣСʲô˵Ķֱӱ
һʶʱԨʲô˼ѩֱϣ½󣺡ǲΪҴĻҲǶʹ˵ˣҺҲûô
һίˣʱԨЦˣΪΪ˵ʲôޱôôȻޱĵ㡣
ѩ٣ŲأҾ뿴޳ʲôȻȥһעӮˣӮ֮ҲûȤˣҲûʲô˼ҾͳˣȻ֮ǰ۵ļˣѵһ٣޾ͱˡ
뵽Ǹ׶ˣѩҡͷ̾ôһֻ޽ŲҲ֪ǸǲǱˡ
Ҳû뵽޻ᱩ˭뵽úõĶ޳أշӦʱ˾ѾӰ죬ȻĻ˵һţ߿ôҲ˱جˣŰִЩﲻ
ʱԨ޷߶ܴģӦòͨ϶һЩ֮δػᱻ
ѩ٣ûͺãӦǺܴ°ɣҿײ˺üˣˣ㲻ȥǸôͻˣ
ʱԨһ¾ͻˡ
ʵԺźū˵ѩûҵ˾ͳȥˣѩٲֱҵ۴ѩִԣСݿûסʱԨһޱҵֻ۾˲ӡ
ѾˣʣµȻǴºˣЩ˸ҲֲѩٲģǽעתصʱԨϣոպһȥô޶ˣ˼Ҵһֻѣ㼸ʮֻƬĵ
ʱԨ֮࣬ԿԽĺ蹵յɣҲδܿһ
;ʱԨѩ٣ʱԨԨʺһһðʱԨ̲סͷһ£ٴȥضҪҿٵˡ
ѩŶͷٺЦԨԨ˵ˡ
ʱԨһҹδߣۣ
ϵȷǲۣõĲˣҲûȷеˣ˫ʱԨһֽ̣ʱԨһ˹ϣԨԨҡ
ʱԨ޷ֱճ˾ȥС˯һ
ѩ˯˸ʱ󣬻ͷѾϴһһѪζûˡ
ѩһûʱԨǵ˯ž뿪ˣ϶ûã˺ԼӴק·ϡ
ͷŽѩ˯⻹δȫɢɾĴ˸Ƿ޳н𣿡
ˣٻĽһʱ޷ԭǻ֮ǰ㡣
ѩ٣޷ԭҵ𣿡
ҡͷʱ֪Ѿˡ
ǰҲҪʴϾ߻ʵԶģǽ鴦֮ϳһ¼ʼĩ
ʾôص飬ȻҪԴģʶţӦúܿн
ѩپԶţκѶϢֱӦúܿܲ壬ܿôҲҪߺ죬û뵽ǰѾҵԴˡ
Ȼ˵ʼٸ߾Ů正»йء
ҲΣȥޣȻԼȥһֻϳһ£˭֪һ˿ͬһֻޡ
ϣίֿվ·ʱû֪ڵģҲû뵽ҲǴ˰գǵ死ᴳûдȥ۴һ񴳵ĸˡ
̲ס濴ȥһӣ񣬲ǳʲôܰƺģµôʵˣĴԼȥƺϴ
ļǰ棬ʱԨû¸ѩ޹أѩ޹ص£ûʲôٸ򽻵
ѩٵȻˣͺأ̵סȻͱʮԱţСգѾǵһˡ
ѩɻкܶΣ
ʮߵ歵һȥСľһֻٳ˯꣬϶ѾɺԣôΪһľޣһȥüҺϷۣҿ˪巴Ӧ죬̴ȥֻޣ֮˪Ҳȥˡ
ѩСĵ죬ѹʮ˵歽ܵùأƺƵûʱ˰ɡ
ʮֵһΣܵӧȥڵӮ棬һСĽƸˣһֻϹŶҪھڣһץסֻ飬ҪǱˣֳ֪ӣ֮ӮҲӭˡ
ѩ٣ôױҵ𣿡
ʮߣһ˿ܲף˵ʲôпܡ
ʮôһ˵ѩٴο歽ͱ΢˼֣ȷʲôпܣ޳δ⻹ǵһη޳˵ı
歵ĲҵĴҸȺ˿ͬһֻޣȿϵģҲԸãǲͼ۸ߵãûǮȻңǾʹҲע⣬µֻ˶֥ˣǻϣ
ͷ浹һֱĵţأֱӴ̼ޱ
æûûУûдֻǸȺ֮󣬾Ͷһޣֻ֪ʲôٵϳǰֻ޾ûһʼôѪ㣬ή
˵ţҲСŻе飺Ȼ˵ι޳ɷ飬ܶʱǿ޵Ҿιˡ
һʼĻֻ޽ԷҧļѪֻͷˣһβͳ˽磬Χ۵˿ʼܣֻ޵ײѺ޵ĵطײˣͳˡ
ι޳ɷǿºܳҲ˵ĸԴιʳϣҪŪԷ֮ǰʲôҩ˵ҩɷʲôײķӦǸҩǼѪˣŵ޷正Էʲô֪𣿡
ҡҡͷֻ֪ǸŮӺ񡣡
ѩһ㶣񣿡
˿ѩ٣죺֪
ѩҡҡͷֻҽҲìܣЩ˺ҲֻǸĵʱû޳Ǻ޳ķȻͱˣûüӣһֱ޴޲һţǲǻţҾͲ֪ˡ
ѩ˵ʱֻĿ˸
ǸļУԹ֮ĹΪۣ֮Ϊѹʱô໹һԭǾǹ֮ޱ
ʮֻ޲£ʮ֮ޱɲô׶Ըġ
ҲδôʲôޱԹ֮ɷΪʳڱĵط޷ֻڹ֮Ҫѹۣ׾ɷԴЩɷΪʳ޻ᱩ˭
ûз£ҲὫޱı롣
Ҫ飬ǻʵ˼£ʶʱҲûôͷˣֻϻʱ仹鷳歶࿴һЩޱҩһҪˡ
˵꿴正һĲ죬ҲΣûһ֮ǰʵʵĴţҪٴҾʹٹһǧ꣡
æ˶㣬СίĶ͵һˣҲǲ֪ΪʲôһЩ׵˼¡
εһ̾û£ϰˡ
鱨Աѩɢ֮æϢתʱԨĵޱ˭ģרޱҩ˵ô
ʱԨһۣһϢܽ²ȫĴ
ļֻ˵ӽǣܶ෽Ǹ棬޷͸һ¿࣬ļУһļ㲻ֻбӡ̵ĵط¹䣬Ҫһεͻ¼ʵҲ벻滹һֿܡ
ЩȻͲҪѩ֪ôˣᱻݡ
ѩ٣Ƴޱҩ㽫ҩˣƵ˶ɱˣҩܾ𣿡
ʱԨκδڹĶֻܾ˵ǶݵĿհһʱ䣬ǧܻ֮һ죬Щһֻأֶٵõİ취Ψҵ֮õĶž
ѩʱԨһɣֻһ飬۵ĽѾӲֵĻȥǸĿƳޱҩ˵ʲôأޱʲôô𣿡
ʱԨ޹صϿһָۣһһĨ˵Ľűϣʱ˽̽ˡ
ѩŽűĿ˵ʱ򶼲һʱ̶˶Ķ۰
ʱԨˣҲˣ
ѩЦϲԨԨѽ
ѩ˵꣬һͻȻֱӹ˴ϣˣǸģԨԨжİ
ʱԨϲ
ѩǰʱԨ䣺㻹ǲǵСʱ͵԰͵Ϫ;
ʱԨһ
ѩ٣ҲǸ˵һ磬棬ʱǸ˵Ƶĵҩ̫ˣʱҪŪһͽ˶ˣ򵽵ҩĻᣬϪ;Ͷ·÷ᣬ͵ﵽϡ
ʱԨһôͻȻ¡
ѩ٣ǸҪɱǴľҰδޣң歽ңǸҽѵһٵģ˵ûпܾδ޵Ǹң
뵽ҵĺʱԨɫʱ˼֡
ʱһݻԺУѩٵڴϻԲѣ϶ദ٣һȥûҪϵĹͷദѹķ顣
ѩϼ˪ڵﾹȻһ׶׶ǲ鱦ϡʲôޣѰԹ˭һ־
½ǼѲʷˣҲûʳϢ
׶ⲻ־ܰγǲ
һӼΨһĶ˲̣ջûסߵңڵϵŮһ˸һơ
СŮ޵ĳҭȺ˺ܲǣɳ֣ʵסء
ĿɨСŮҴʡ
˵תͷȥΪղһĴŮޱ޷ۣ
Ů֧֧ᣬŭĵˡ
ӣҲ֪ˣŭ޲ýǻ˭׼㶯޷۵ģ֮˭ĵӣ
ŮСڣұţɷһģŮ嶯ˣޱ֮£ʣҾ˵һЩҵĵҩ֪ŪӦûᵱ⴦
޷۲רΪ޶ƣҩۣΪ˶Ըޣȴû뵽ҩڶݵ޵󣬸Ӵ̼ǵѪԣٺתΪоˡ
רΪƵҩ˭Ҳ֪жŮõģֻͨԸ޵޷ۣǰҪĶԲü겻ĶŮӴֻẦǡ
Ů޷ҪԸޣֻҪʱɱޣͲõĺĴ̼ղ֪ΪΣʱ̣ûܼʱһֻɱҩԡ
ʱ滹㲻ϻţµ⴦ĿֻҪϢˣҪݺݳѪˣ⳥ֻ֦Ұˡ
Ҫ£׶ҪʱȡôصˣҲϺõҩɲ²
׷ūͻȻżæŵܽүˣ
òĽ̬ȹ˳㡣
ūȴʵģһȺǵĸۡΧˣ


107 
֪Χס澪һ˲󣬺ܿ侲ۻŵŮľ棺Ż㣬ʲô˵ʲô˵ӣ
˹˳Ӧһ
ȥΪ߽Ŀϣʱ롣
æͷλһˣǰȥ
ʱֽͬڴϵһ̧ˡ
ʲôû˵ǶֻɫԽĳЩ
լ˴ȫֽ֮һбʼլӣƤӶûŹ
ȥʵ·滹ҰοԺ̬ȳϿЩֱӽεĻȫ£Ҳʿ̬ȽϺõķϣ´ʹ˽ҹ
ɵȵ˴˴й˫Ȳһĳʣ˴μС඼ˡ
ֱʱܲһ޳ޱصҪôʰɡ
ߵ룬һ񣺡ʱ£λ񡣡
俪ڣϡ
æǡ
ʣޱ֮һҪΣ̫ƽӹˣҪٶһΣ
ʱ¶̲֮ɫæԩޱ֮ʵ⣬µȷҩﵼ£ԲΪޱ
æӴȡ޷۳ϣΪ޷ۣд˷ۣܿȥ㲶ɱ֮£СŮ˶Ŷޣ޿ã˵ҲЧֻ뽫Էҩˣڶ޳Ӯ±ȶ
˵Ҳ¶ΣСŮ²ŵ½նζΣɵʧ㾡ȫ֮ҲḺ𵽵ף
ҳŮæѹڵϿһͷʱˡնĴʢŻǳ˻Ѿݺݽѵգ¿¸һĻᣡ
ɨһۣδ𣬶ѽ޷۴顣
ҩ΢һžͲֱܷһЩҩֻõ˳ƵĹ̻ϸϸĥͲʲôƷ˵ƽ⵹Ҳ¡
ֱ޷תУͣʱãбòϣǴ̼Ҫ򣬵ֺǣǻѪԣҲȷ˵˷ޣһǷҩɢȥڱòϵ£ͻᵼѹƵѪԳɱǣ˷۵ȷĺܣдҩһһı˴˼ҩԣһ֣ﲻ˷۵Ч
ڶУΨһһߵģڸҩƣû˱ˡ
æת񣺡ҵʦ޷۵Ϊ˲׽ޣҲм޳ҪΪڲ׽ϣЩУ޷ڲ׽ʱȽ޿ס֮ѪԱǣͿľˣδ뱻СŮϣȻͬЧʵһû뵽⡣
¼ȻǹʣѩٵȻҲŴֵһ£ҪճԨԨʲ϶᲻ˣճʮ߰ɣĻѩСһԵʮʵʮ壬ֶԸ޵Ķ𣿡
ʮߵ϶аһЩҩԾܿޣ滹һҩΪۣͬƷ׵ʹЧҲͬǽս
ѩŶһۺ޷ۣĸɱ߰
ǰ߳ɱߣΪɱԭƳߵ⣬߳ɱߣǺķȥ޷ۣ龧̫յûţ
ʮȻŲʲôղ˵ҩòϺǣ֣һݸ߽׵ˡ
ѩһʱˡ
ʮߵҲʹѪԱǲ޷۵ĸԭɡ
ѩٻ޷⣺ǲҲ޳֮ǿĵҩ𣬸ƳɷأҪһƬǣʱпܱ
Сҧ䣬Ϊһοߵġ
Ŀؿ棺ޱ֮ǷҲ˵˵˵ΪҪҩƳɷĩ״˵ŷԵɣͼժˡ
æһĿͷԩҲǾģʱȵסǼһֻ֣С
ֱһУƴ˷۵ȷҶһҵ޳һֱϵĶ޳Դ˴֮ҩֻµԷĶ޳ҵЩʧ˷δʵʩҵ治֪෢ʧػôأһ£ҲˣʼλС֮ģҶ簡
˵ֺݺݿһͷͷĳѪˣǻŵó˿ͷʾף֪νˡ
Ůǹ޿亰ԩģķ·ԩһ
Ҫʺ֪мḶ́Ҳⷬ˵ʡ
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Ψм֪ۼƻ۷չ
ڿ޹ǱѩٻڸʮСҧ䣺ˣ᲻֪෢жأҿҪʧҪԼҲǡ
ƾĵ׷ɱϪǴĺݾǸδޣǲ֪еһ侮ʯԹ۲δûи鲻˵ôҲɾԵôԵ֣ٸþۺɢɣһӣһʲôˣ
̫ˣ֮⿪ڵ꣬Ҳ֪˭ΨСˡ
ֻѩڱȽϺ治۵λӣֻõȴˣҲͷ̽ʱȴСô˵ˣ˳µȷնֶЩ£֪ˣ¿
Ѿ˵ˣֻ֪˵ʣȴҲҲĻͷ֪۵צԺһԸ˾ǡ
ѯһ˼ʵޱɵʧԱ⳥ˣһеɷ
̿ͷ̬ȷǳģл¿˴޵ʧҶѣ
ػ¶ӣһǲδʵʩѾƻ֮ﶼƳˣͼıĿҲڳҰı¶Ҳ
οƱ֮ʣϴסҲûѳʲôر֮ʵҲУֻܳͽһˡ
׼ڷ֮ǰѩٰ಻סˣʲлҪ˵
Լӣǿ϶ǲģһһĽԺ󲻸׽ô죬߱һ˲ɫѩ˵ʲô
ѩٵǸ޷Ҫôã
Ҳû˵δãʵѩʲô뷨
ѩ٣ȻҳϴѾ֪ҩǲʹɴңԺӦ˰ɣ
æǵģҶá
ѩ٣ǿԸ⽫ƴķӽ
һ٣ǧ뷨һȡԸ⡣
ҲֻԸ⣬˵˲ãԸ⽻ӣǰìܱסͷ
ѩһЩȻʣʲ޵ܸҪһǾͽϸϸĸ֪Ȼⷽӹ֮ڣؽʹҩĽⷨһˣǾҲ޷Ĩģ´ﱻãɴ࿪˽֪֮֮࣬ڴ˷֮Ƴﵼ޺ޱѹ֪֮ⷨ޷۵ΣȻҲͲˡ
ԶʱЦãղڰδ޷ۣΪһѹƱޣ߽ҩ֮Ҳ㰵оһѩ⻰ʱʣ²裬佫ˣ֮
֪ҩԣ˿ɽҩҩĴڣȻвˡ
⹫ϣдϣҲǸһоѣǸߵ廹ǵ͵壬䱾ԴҲմһ֣ϾͲͬҩۣٽϽһЩ˷һЩı۵㡣
ԸҲԼЩȱ۵ı˻ҪԶԷж£
ոջлСһСӴժ棬ЩһѪʮоδóȴҪֵ֪Ϊɱ֮֮ˮ
ʲôûһеĵݾʹ۶ϣŻѪĵ㣡
£ҵļȻʽ˵̧ˣѩûסȥ˿֪޲һŷ˲ٹͷٻţ֮ǰ޹ⳡ֮֡
ȴֻһ͸˭˼ҪҲֻܹƵҩЩΪ޶ͨˣ޹
ѩٴƫʱҸŮߣȻ̽ײˣҵĳŮֱӳȥ㣡
歱һԼˣ˿ɴˣվֱͦ壺ôţԼҩŪⳡ£˲ɣ
ŭͷٴʧȥǣһǳвʵŭ歡
ѩ߽ڣ歽㡣
死ͷϲѩ٣
֣Ȼ룬Ҽæ񣺡С
ѩվգֻҽȿϣȴûƴ龧¿ԩ㣿
һƬͺ죬ԣһжǱ˵ĴƾʲôҪʱҲߵڰףֻĬϡ
ѩ٣Ȼûԩ㣬ʲô磿Ůһĺܣ֮ʵŵòᣬһ¹һ£з޵£ǰײŮֱײĪǼҵ٣Ϳ裿
ѩ˵歵ֵߣҴȥʲ״ҲڣҵҪʣҾǶͣнĽŮҲָܱű
ʱǰСϢŭ
ѩһ˦䣺ϢŭˣղҪһ˵Ժ˭ͷϺָһˣ
ѩٻӿ棬歾ߣڵİ歶ˣԼûôأôСѩپǱβ͵èëըˡ
ȥˣЦеôСٶģ˭ˣ
ѩһָҸһȥͿҵ歽㣬歽㲻øޣֳ£
һԵһɨ׷ҼˣȻ֣
ϵʣ歸׽һЩæ˹ȥ
洹ˣ
û˵һѣ歸׼ڣѩٳʹɫʱɫһ䣬ίץ·ǹҲøޣرףررף޲Ҫִһ
ḧŻˣ̧ͷǸŮ˿ȥǰǲ֪歵ݣˣҲͲ˵ʲôˣ֪ݣҲ˲ʱ·Ļ̫ˡ
ԩǰ֪ǸոҲ֪ҳŮͿ˵һͱֹˣһȻСײˡ
һ뵽ǳֻµգһɱŮ֮ġ
ʽԼӵľٶһȻܿǹҲ磬ҪҵûСҲҲҲ˵˵ȥҵĴ
кν飿
ŮָűĲҵ˰ɣԺֹҺ磬ؽͬˣ¾ô
ʵһǡ
Ƚҵļϳſѩ٣ˣ
ѩٺ˺ߣΪ歽Դ歽㣬ѵΪǺ۸ˣ
һЦ˭۸㡣
ѩٶʱЦʱԨˣæʻ˻ȥ׷ʱԨˡ
ЦЦҲ뿪ֻʣļ˺һ½Ҳջ񡣡
̲סЦΪҪŵңû뵽ѩôһ֣ǽˡ
Ϫ΢΢üôѩٸгĪǻ֮£
ʵ֪ĶһЩΪѳأµȷΪݣҵһǣ治ᣬ⼸֣žְԵҽʣһӰٰĥ˱档
˵棬⼸úܣʱԨٳѩǰĿܣôһ֪δ֮µĴڣôȫܵķΣЩȻδָԤ£һֱ˰жһһ
ҵʱ˰ôһ治һĲңû֮£˳ף֪δĻԵǴӴ˳ΪһҶпܡ
ҲҲҵ۲֪֪һӣûϳͱϵˣʾȻֱӽ޷۵䷽֮˳ؽͽ֪ⷨޱһ·ǳױžˡ
ƫƫ²ô⣬û˿ΪƶĿܣٿϣҲ˽͵͵Ͷ塣
һΣˤ̡


108 
ܿ˳ȥµ򾭹֪ϸϸԱ߻޷۵ƷԼؽ͵Ĺʾ
ޱᣬ޳ˣ˵ڶ޳һЩС̯ӵ̣Щڹ֮˺üˣֻɷִޣδڶ޳汩ޣ˲صġ
ΪôҪһʱ䣬û뵽ڶͳ˽һʧϸ
˲òпҿҲҿС磬ôʱԨ֣һоͽʮֻ˲ˣټĻʰ̯ӣ³ɣôܽġ
໹δȻ֪ɸ֮Ĳ࣬ͨΪһ֮ʵ֮𣬵û뵽֮󣬾˿¡
ö˶ڽζ̸һᣬһǹո֮֮޻ڣһȺ궯޽ϵغ¡£һΣһоͱֹ
ڶУʱԨԾģ£겻·޴һ㣬ǱʻҪ
ǰΪ飬һ֤׷һʱ򻹸̾ЩСʱʱԨ֮˾ž֮ˣϧһԵķɡ
û뵽ŶãȻĿʱԨ֣һĻȻⶼҪǹޱˡ
֮Բһ㣬ΪϾǲ෹Ļ⣬漰棬޷۵Ľⷨ͵ģǲ¹ؼ档
ͣǲ龧а֮龧ʮϵҩҪʲôҩޣֻҪеģԿɵҪһеĵĻᡣ
ͣеģ˭סֱ򱦸İ¥ģһ͵ԭȻɱıἰ
Ԥϣ˿󣬺Ѳıۡ
ǰͼıǣ޷ޱ徿Ҫʲô
治˵ˣΪ˶Ծֻܸ֮̾ࡣ
ֻҲֻһˣҪޱһ˹֮Ľ磬ɷ磬˵һ֣
϶壬Ϊձ鲻ߣƶɽڵķ󼸺ٲҲ޷ص˽磬һɷɿأ˽еЩʿǵһ㷴ûС
ǣô˵ҲڶڣɽڵʿҲ࣬Щߵ壬ΪߵģǿɷҲһս֮ħҲΣա
嵱УΨ֮ϣ챾һֻ֮ҪסΨһͨڣɷϲȥͿֻ̿½磡
Ŀﰡ
ƾһΪôһñӣƺЩװɡ
֮ĲޣûʹȥʲôδȻкβ׵ġ
ִԽԽ࣬һֱע綯ĸľսռŸϢȻʱȥ
޷۵һۼ뵽ʽ乫罫ķӦˣۻɣʻʹ֮̽⣬ڶĻϵ飬κһ֮һ붼ûС
Ϊ׼Լĸ·Ϣ۵ҲƽŻ㱨ʵʲô̬ȣľٶ
㱨ߵɷּţڹ֮æŴ£ǰЩѵڴˣɴཫ·ĽӹһЩֽӹ֮£ǰµĽδ©Ĳ˽ľ֮һɣٹʮꡣ
Ĳ˵˼˭ΪͨǲĪ
㱨ĸСĵĿۣǾְؽԼŵϢ֪½һ´Է׷ף⻰˲֮ǰЩ˵Ҫӹ̽磬̬ͬҲֻǲ©ȱδһ·һЩţ֪ļλģ˲Żɴڹ֮ԭĽٴξһ
Щ汻ȥ鷳㣬Щص֮󣬱չظϰҲͲˣģ㶯֮ǵһĶȻ塣
֮·ı߾شֻħбϣħ˳ͨһɷɿأǵ˽ı϶ɷ˵Ҫ򵥵Ķࡣ
ı߾Ҳڹֻ֮֮ϣͨһǷͨҲǵݣһǽ԰԰·Ź֮ԨҲǵ¹֮
Ԩ룬Ҳһ֮ѹ֮أԵֵɷǷͨ˭Ҳ֪Ͼδɷôµı
Գﻹ²ؼԹۣǳˣȻҲܸɿţϾ¹磬ļλ³˾ʵĵˡ
ۻмλ޷ǰ˿̹֮ʮλʮλֹһ¹֮һޱǱҲ岻ˡ
ۺһû㱨Ѿ鶼֪ˣ·˺һԽԽĻš
Ҳ֪˶ã۲Żڣȫȥ̨췣ӡȾӡߣ칬з̣δȾӡߣһ졣
ɽ죬һǸշ֮أɽĶɽ죬һ쾡ܱ已̫࣬ԳþסɽҶԣһֱ൱֮أţǾҪΪᵽ˼ȥˡ
ϣҲ޿أһ޼ƿʩˣڵʱ̫ˣʲôǶױץѱǷЩԣȻӰĽ䱸
δмǧɳıµֻܴӳˡ
´֮ʱɷڿˡ
֮ǰȻ֪ɷ֮սӮ߻òٵĺöһ嵥гʱ˻ˣؼʤ߿嵥֮ѡеı֮ﲢδסǾζſ̶ѡԼõģ߸ɴѡϡģ֮ԽǰôԽࡣ
ǿ嵥ϾȻնɽʱ򣬸ǼĲԼٽ޶¶ڱص֮ƣһ񽣣նɽѾеĶĶɶҪΪʱԨմȾ֮Ѫնɽƴһˡ
ѩٿ˵ķӦǵǿնɽľʱʱԨһСԨԨĶ˶Ҫ
ʱԨѩߴ˴գԨԨҵģ
ʱԨŽ˹Һʱˣ
ѩٶʱɴ۾Լ͵İŻʲôء
˵ŻͷüӡǸ㿴֤ݣ
ʱԨָüһϹ֡
ѩ˳ָЦ󵹣ȻʱԨ̧һķãտǣˤȥСӿɾˤûˡ
Щеעڹ嵥ϣƴһֵܵıСʲôû˿ѩһ㶼˵ĸʱԨ
ʮںüĿǰˣƳֵͬӧꯣֻӧϿһʱŪϵ壬һʱָ̧ͷ꯰ʦǰ棬Ҵ󶯵ӧ֣ʱӧһõľ
Ա߾ߵ正һ˫۾ĲͣתԴǵߵʿǹƿȻ˵Ļֻмζ̫󣬲ײ϶˲赹ˮūʱ̷ţڷ֮ǰƽ
չ˳Ŀÿ正ڿʲôòῴ˼ҳ˫ɶԵģҲҪҸɣ޵۹ǲңԲëëֻҪë㶼ϲ۵ĵ͵㿴ϣߵȵͬûУмֻû壬оҲ̫ϣŶ
ʮ߰һۣϹ˵ʲôǲǺ񣿡

ʮһָ
ĿŮһ̵תһȦ°ͣȷеǲĽʱԨճţѩٺ
ʮĪһɵĲѩǰ˵ԺҪѡӡ
̲סЦѩٲŶʲô˵ˣŮӣѩϲͺ˰
˵꣬ͻȻһ٣Ȼ󲻿ŵĿֻһſڣʲô˼ѩϲ˭
ʮߣ̫ˣ㿴ѩ٣
ٴη˸ۣ˵ֲºòãѩٲСϲ˵ˣϲʱԨʲôϲѵˣϲЦ
䣬ͼʱԨѩ٣ʵá
ѩŶһԹŲˣٲΡ
ʮߣʮ߶ʱ˿Ȼˣһ͵ϼһˣС˼꣬ⱲֶúˣոͻȻðͷֱˡ
ѩǹԹŲˣΪʱԨļץϵΰʱ򣬺ȻͿˡ
΢ʵ˵㣬ʱԨȻȥˣӣԽԽԼ
Ա˵ѵһƴԵĻᣬԲ˽ɷִȿĺأɷһǷӿ롣
ǸСذ꣬ҪΪͬ죬ȻǲϣԭϲŪνɷѡɱԳغݷһ£ڼⲻ֪룬ͬʱҲΪ˷ء
ÿ߶ᷢһöƣƱ˽֧ŲסҲӲ
䣬ԮǾԸˡ
ѩ˵ǰյѾĥɷ֮սȤǻʲʱԨȥΪҲȷɷΧֻֿҪһºȻ䷢Ʒ
˾ԽûжȤˣ˶ڣɷٴιرԺѩپĻ
ʱԨҪ뼸ţҪǱ̫ɷΧԮɶδô׽˾ȳÿնҪһλš
ԭΪֵɷıƴҪʵʵĵȴһ¿ȴû뵽ɷָշûãַһֵ¡
ͣгĵҩǧ֣мʮ֮࣬͵Ķӵܡ
͵Ķ˵ȼϵϵһһͷɻ嵥һƷһϵһͷɻƷһԶϵӹߣɻƷһȵȵá
ѩٶˣŴºæ÷ȥȷϣ֪Ǹ𣬻廹ң
һȦǸң͵ˣСҲʶ
ѩٶʱ棺˭
ʶ˸гľǼǵһ壬Ϫ;Ϊ龧Ӷ׬Դأǿòôණ
ƵϪĴ磬档
ѩ˻һһ꣬ʲôôĵرʲ˵ǿʢЩڵջ֮Ӱɡ
ʵƾõĶҲֻ࣬ÿһ񶼺ԵãӵеĶ󲿷ֶ岮͵ģٲȻһûȥֱġ
ÿ¶ܻ龧ĶҲ֪жˡ
棬һܣϪ;ôΪ˾ȥ͵ȴóôң֤ЩãҪǻʲԨԨʱ䶼Ǹ磬ÿæĲˣ
ѩе֮ԭҲûھͳ֣û뵽ҾȻһķʽ䡣
һӿɷΪ֮°¶󣬲űʱѾ۵צ塣
δޣһûܵȻϪ;Ϊ˶Ұе׷ɱأ˵ЩԵһвŽҼһ
ʼʱҵĳŮӵĲӸɼֵܵȴû
ĵλв븮иô֣ʱΪձӣ˸飬Ż֮ǰֲмһ˷顣
Ȼ֪һĽע䲻ãһһֱҪֽ֮𣬻ڻ֮ܡ
еļƻڣ±ǧƻԶ仯ÿ죬˭뵽Źȥ꣬ҾȻһҹ֮ˡ
ɹǶˣʱѾˣҲûǸסңοһٿҲ˲һɵ㡣
һҿûб¶ʲô޷ۣһޱȻҵ޷۵£ܹģԶһޱҪ˵ûʲôһš
ʱԨ񾡵䣬Ҳע⵽һ㣬һʸۣһȴôԭɡ
ԴʱҵʱʱԨȻּɣڵϵ˽ƵңҲδǡ
һѾܵļ壬ıᷣķͼֱһܿҾĲˡ
ձץǰʱɫ䣬վ̧ͷ˫ǰܻᳯ˫˿¶𾪲ȴԼһ˿ϲʱֱǰһסϸľ
֮ǰҾôˣΪһǶʱҴʱȻһ˿룬Ϊǲ֪ģΪ޹ģĺѽܣǸȻȴ׷Ůһ쾹Ȼ¶ǰ񶾵ı顣
עֵ˫ǵžΪǴŹû뵽㽫ҳڰ
ĻϵҲһأһ粵ĻᶼһգҲΪʲôˣ˵̰Ұûԭģһһʹ죬͵ڵϡ
ľһ죬յɴ˫ﻹŲŵľɢʱ˫鶯Ư۾Ҳû˹


109 
㲻ʲô壬ҲС壬ҲûʸͶۣ֧ӹĿ֮ޣֻ֮ǰǾǫ̇̄
ҵļȻǶۣһ֮췣ӡˡ
ˣ汻ܷǶ׷ɱ
ĶŮ˵û췣ӡ췣ӡֻʹմȾ£췣ӡɽʱȻ㣬ɱǴ֮ˡ
û뵽ȥһ췴
˻ԵĳֱӱūնͷȥͣŮδޣǻűץߵģŮӣΪӵùЩͽʿץҲ¡
ˣǶĶ㣬
֪֮ʱŻһѪ֪գαع˼棬ֱӺɱ־ǣնݲĺ
ô࣬ΪľǼķ٣ϧΪľгһսԺתԼĶû뵽Ͷۣ³
Ůֱһ˿ϣ췣ӡʱĥ꣬ʹ裬ĥûһϣ֧ţƬ̶ס
֪Ѷһ̣ħһͷЦ̰ģһ㣬³
ɺ޵ۣɺ޵۰
͵ƿѹ֮ˣܲ˵ȥǴ󺰵ۻңۻңҰĿһͳ磡
ĻһģҲû˵ڡ
һڱ׵£һƳ£ųʾһۣʧǣڲԣ֪֮ڸģԣȥ
æǰʬߣΪɫ̨һ˸ļҲǿĸҲղŵķԷﱻȥ
ȻֻעΧˣȴûע⵽̨ܵУЩ߮ˮѾǵ㡣
ܿʹˣȵͣҲ֪ﴫģһ֪ˡ
˵ҵ£
˭֪
ʲôҵļˣ˵Ǳˣ
˵˵ô£ʲôڣ
ıһͳ֮£ǲֹ֪ˣ޷ۣ
й˵зȥ̨УнҪǻҷҲ˼ҵĶҵĶ࣬ôˡ
ͲѾˣ췣ӡˣҼŶŮͶʱδǱ¶۵ҰģҪһͳ磬Ȼͱˣ
ļٵģ𣿡
ţҼ飬췣ӡѴ£ԲҪǰ󲻹գȴˣ˵û飿
ҪģǾ̫ˡ
۱ͳ죬ôͳһ
ħ΢κ¶˳ӣҸ죬Ψ壬ǵ˵Զʤ죬ֻ˼ҷɵ磬ռͷλˣȴָӲ壬ۣ̣
Ϣһһ䣬ɷڻȱƴѩٵĹעȴѾȫĸ·ϢˣװСףԭҪȥ¥һ½չģȴû뵽Ȼֻ㱻պȽˮǺ
æѩıŵ㡣
ѩֱӴ򿪽磬ȴ̸ſڣ˵˵ĻǼٵİ
Ѩ磬򣬽Ͻ֣Ѳ˻ɰôû˵ʱҪһͳء
ѩپ⻰е˵ͷֵоִţǻʲӦѾ֪˰ɡ
СҾñӦв㿴Ǽӹ֮ģеɹǣΪĿĿ϶еģģ˵Ҳ˳塣
ѩ̲ס̾һԨԨ˵ĲɣһͳˣԭӦûΪԴ飬ʱȫˣȻѿԲ߲ݣҪǱĶѻһͳĿʲôѵôϲ񣿡
Ʊѩٵ˵ЦˣǵһСӳʱԣҲͥûôȨ۵󣬴˷
̸۵ĳѩôȥ¥£ʹδ˵۵£Ժ׷ʣӦúܺð˵鲻ãƽģѡ񡣡
ƵԲŻʮһε۽٣ΪֻҪǵģһ壬Ķʱתƺ;仯ġ
ѩ٣˵Сҳôᵱ۵ģ
ƱʹһѪҲܳһʱ壬Щ¶ҲţȻǼѣ໥ĸҲԵٲþһЩһվžǼ֮һܵ˸նͲδ˷ף־δɣҪԼͳ֮޲һƬ졣
ѩһŻѡǿǰǺܺõ˰
ͳһ˵ҲֻǴԣҲû֤ʵ˵ֻ鴫ء
ѩҡҡͷҼۣŲǷƿеǸҪһƬ׵أСʱϪ;ȥ͵ȻǲԣСʱ򲻶һϡͿ͸ȥˣȻץˡ
ô͵Ȼأʱֻƫһ֮ԣԵɣͽȥˡ
ʵǸɵĵ͵԰͵ҺѾǵһˣǻ뽫Ϫ;ͷϣҪǺԨԨˣ͵ңֻ˵ˣȴҪ̨ˡ
ôҪһƬоǰΣڵֻۣȨѬУ˳ˡ
ѩֹʱҲյϢˣǱοʲ⣬ԵԴ⴫ԴӺδģɲ鵽ˣ
ܲ۵Ұģ֮⣬б֪Ҳ֮°ɡ
鵽ˣǴһȺˮдģԴĶͲ̫òˡ
Цһˮޣ̨вް
ǿҪȷ磿
ʣˣµǲòˣ紫Խ󣬿Ŷȷˣ˳䷢չɣͷ۵ģǸˡ
ԺʧζǸܵˣ˭뵽һصȻᷢչ
ʱ侲ɹǵʱҲܺף޷۱¶ʱܱǵԲߣ»ģҶԿأڣĺסȥеضˣ
մˣǱһʹɱ޲ˣֲĽеȫɱ⣬Ǹʵִš
ȻͷһľǾԣͼתۣ˵ֲ̫࣬˽ݵģ弸궼Ǹӣǧͣ˭ǵ
һ¹̸ûˣôģ忴һЩ˵΢оˡ
壺ԩ
ʱԨڴӽæѩæ׷ʣҪͳһ𣿡
ʱԨģҪΣ
ѩ٣ͳһ磬𣿡
һСӣʱԨ޷Ҫָʹһù֮Ŀĵۣأ
ѩٶʱһӣǿ϶ᣡ˵Ӵ˱Ϊͳ壬ΪޣҿЩϹʱڣЩ񻹻Ὣء
ѩ˵ֱվܣȻʱԨһӸ˻ʲôȥ
ѩ٣ȥһʲûʲǧΪ͵봦ͽ繰ã۲Ǹö
ʱԨЦõѣ㻹ǰЩɣɷ֮սҪˣİҲˣٸĺú֡
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ʱԨȥʧٵĺһѡ
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ʱԨԲܣ֪ܲ
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ںѡҲͲôˣΪۺѾѡˣǵһĴʵˮҪˡ
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һ˼磬ʱŵ˵һСףĻһˣһӣ뽱˰գ˵仰ܶһҩŵĺǾȻûаס
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ʱԨû˵꣬ͼѩ˲ջޣôô䣬ǱСʱԼֲǱˣұСˣԨԨҡ
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ѩקϹţҪ˲ҪˣҺ۰
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ѩæϲţֱʱԨĲӿļϾһǷûһ˯ˡ
Ŀȫ̵ʣ
ԭ޻ãô꣬ʶˣԺѩҪǴʲôĻֱӱСʱӣֻ¸˴ְ
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ӶİסˣʱԨȻپѩߺֱԼſյ͸¹Ҳʹһͬ뿪ȫݻееġ
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ᰴ粢ָʹȫᰴһ˾Ӳ֮ǰֱӶԼ˴УΪ˲ǣ
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ֻĿɾ޴ҳߣе֪ӦʯȻڣȴҲûжӣͲ֮¿ǰҪˡ
ʣ磬ȴ죬ƳȻʵֻҪ䣬վ޷
¹Ǻףᰴʲôϵ
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뵽ĳֿܣ¹ʱɫһƬ԰ףʱӦȥʯԵųĲʫϷʱģʱʫǰˣʯɹˣᰴԼ㺾ڼʯ󣬱նϣһ飬ʯ̥
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ֻʮͲҲֻ꣬ᰴ֮ʱʲộûӴᰴȻֱ治ϵϢ
Ѱѩٸĸʱֻȥʷƿʱ䣬ʱֻǰ꣬һ
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ѩæԭģۺͿʱԲҪӣѵʱӻҪġ
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һˣѩٵһθܵ޲ɢ֮ϯ仰˼ڷ̵ķϣѩٿƯİƣε̾
ǵʱԨһĨ⳯ϵ˹̾춼Ҫ̾ˡ
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ѩٺ˺ߣҡ
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ʱԨ޳ԺҲ޷Ԥϡ
ѩϣϵ޷ԤŬԺȥĶңȥĶҲ㣬ԴΪԷõҿЩöĪķ붼ǿԱģ˵Ҫۿսˣøңұ֤ܸ㵷ңôҡ
ʱԨʲôǱߴ߿ޱӣ
ѩæ˭ޱˣ
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111 
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ǰɣʱ䳯ʥҲԽԽˣһεϣƻ֡
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ڷңҲԹ˭ܻһܿôЩ뷨꽥󣬾ҲԽ󣬷ˣŵģ游ϵʯ游Ĩ᲻ΣܷҴŶϵһɲǱľ̹ġ
ԵôֻҪһůǱһƬµĻ֣𣬱޷ĵĸᡣ
ѩٵʲôȥͻȥȥһʲ
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ѩٲһڲݵϴ󣺡ǻʲôҵģȥųѽ
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УѩֱʵΣһεȥ˽ûΣգ˽ͻ˶ɽڵĶˣûʲôޣʲȥȥһûȥ˽أòʲˣϲʲˣò~
ʱεĲǻСԽԽҰˣ綼棬Ҫȥ˽磬ǿ϶ײܴӦģȥʱԨӦȥ
ѩæôУʲϴ󣬱ҪʲȴӦҶˣֲСˡ
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ѹΪҲ˽ģѩٵӰĸɣʱʱԨҲ᲻ĵļӼӰţЩӦǹˡ
ѩæӦӦ
ȥһӶãô죬ֻˣǾȥɡ
ѩٻ𣺡ʲ
ȻǳʵֱܳҪ˵ʱԨˣǻܵӰεҡҡͷǳˣزסˡ
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ѩ٣ΪΪⲻǻк𡣡
ʱԨ
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ʱԨȻ׷Źеİ˵Ķͷ˵ҪȥĶ
ѩСȥ˽硣
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ѩص֣һ£æٴνʱԨסڶδԼĻ᣺ʲӦģʹʲġ
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ѩٱʱԨ̧ͷԨԨҴˡ
ʱԨٴδ˴Ķͷϴ죬Ҳ죬ȥҺʱ
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ʱԨȥ˽Ҳ㲻ʲôΣյĵطȥȥˣ㲻˵ѣΪ˳ͷ㣬ȥ
ѩٶʱһ޲ܾ͵شˣǲҳţģ
ʱԨ˵ûУ
ѩߺߣ˵ˣ֪㻻һͷɣұ֤Ժ󶼲˵ˡ
ʱԨ˺ȦԼ֣ͷ㲻ԡ
ѩæ׷󣺡ĳģԨԨȥ
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½ȾڣЩĴСڴСУеҲģѩٴȥЩǵĿҪСȥ˽𣿡
ҲǵѩٵİȫϵЩԻȫСֻСδԳйһΣ˷Ųġ
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ڷϣŶԳпֵѩٺĳʵ˽ǸʲôĵطΪͣʲô粻һ𣿡
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ʵʲôĴ½ϣ
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ѩٵ˵ͷ⵹ǣλȥͿǣǴȥ磿
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һƲյĻ֮أĪһɢвδҰɽʯ֮УֻһЩͽޣ֮⣬ܿһЩѻİ׹ǡ
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ѩܸо۴һεϣһ˲ԭĵؽͬʱе·˲ʧϸܣĴڡ
ȫһо̻ߺȵСֵĺͯ·ֵؤͨͨķˣƵ˽絽ˡ


112 
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ϧǵã꣬Ҳļֵ֮ģȻ棬һõ£Ȼı䣬弸˶ΪһοˮմȾϡ
磬ټ˴ɡЩطֱǳضῪ磬꣬·ȴǸˬġ
˿̵·öɫ죬ȾŲͬƵɡ˾ͷϣˮ½ˮűУѩٿ棬ָָ·ȥɡ
ƣȥ𣿡
ƵһȻȥСҪȥ棬ţȥ˷ңȥǡ
˵ͷѩһ˷ۡ
Ϊԭĳǳسе˲࣬غѩֱѿõɡһǳɫɡɡǾɫ׳ȴһ֧һӳ䣬ɷǺÿ
һīɫɡɡϲֱˮɡһȾˮһƬʪû취˭ѩϲء
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˵ˣӣС̯Ҳղ̯еֽɡ¶иء
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ǮһͷѩѾɡԹ˵濪ˡ
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ֱԶһȰ뿪˴ķ䣬ӳճջ񣬺޲īղġ£Ժ֤һ˲֮ˣеĻ롣
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±ʣղŽĺֳܾɶֲûȰΪ룬ȻܻӿϣǾͽҵӣιܣҸҲɼҴ壬Ҳ޷ϻȨ
ֱһһİ裺ƣ˵Ļ룬ҴδŹΪΪѣҲٴϣ㿴ˣƲ䵽ⷬ棬㵱Ҳ֪շ̲㣬ѵ
ֱһǲصǹ࣬Ҹӵڶ࣬һлǵǰ̣ƽȼʼһĻᣬ֮ô
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Ѿ˷ſڵķƿŷҶǰƺȼС˲ٵլޣմǰϵĹĿٴվǰľȻȫһˡ
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Ҫ̽һ·Ƿн磬ϾڵΪֻڣ游ǶɽˣǰǱ룬Ǻ׾ͱˣﾹȻǿʱüͷһֱӷ˷ҡ
ҵͥԺ룬һ»ŲƣһȺΪڴڵʿͳһĻװվ˵
游Բ࣬˼׷˶վ󣬶ŭĿӡ
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ǣҪǲӦҪΣ㻹ɱҪǸҶңзӵܣһ߲Ԫ½
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ܻӵ涯֣ԴУľңɴڵɼңұŮ֮½ΪˣֻܷƣΪѾٶꡣ
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һ޶ˣߵһɽڰȻҲˣΪӣжɽļǿȡᣬôֻܾڵĻ
Ƿʶ࣬汾Բ㲻ɷƫƫʶ࣬Ǿ͹ֲˡ
սһ֮ʱͻȻϵһĸ㣬ɲɵܻӡ
ƫƫɫعעǰĶǸ֪ͻȻðˣȫûһ˿ɱ˭Ҳ뵽µĸ㡣
ҵͷ׸䵽ϣȦմȾ˲ٳͣ˵м䡣
˱ͻȻµİ׸סˣڣʶ̧ͷ
ţڿտյϿմ
ֻһѽһƺЩԹⲻǱΪʲôộ
һ첻٣ҲóͲ󣺡ΪģԽбɡ
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óԵĹҲࡣ
ֻˣҪܵ˸ŪԽ죬ˣ⵽Ǽͣһͣˣ
ͷըֱӻһȥʲôװŪ
˵ʱˣһǸֿڣѽ
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˵ó빭ȡ飬һ֮ͱѩ׼Ǵȥ۸ҷƣ㳢׵ζ
˭Ҳû뵽ȻĻ׵֮ºܿ㿪ˣùѾ˳Ϊѩٵ׼Ǳһ׵˼ϡ
ѩһ֣ڵƲɢ¿˵Ųţ


113 
˵ȻţȻ˽磬Ͼһȴ½ôû档
¶ݣԼʱҲôһ˲мᶨĲŵģһء
֮ŵһֻľ޴ޣŨҵֻצ֮ϻˮƣɫۼ׸ɭɭһ˫Ŀ׺ݵĶ·ɫΪԽĵֻ·ǴԶŶľޡ
ıһ꿴Ʋ꣬һǳ෨£ˮ֮ĽɣһͷڷǱһɫķΨһɫһĨ׺ƺȻ׵˼ֳ̻
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ܻӣǸˣƫȨɫΪΪһȴ½Ļӵܣʲôûһ֪ԭЩӹ֬׷ֵı߽ǶմȾ
ѩ빭һƴǸܻӿĳ񣬸ǼӴһ
˿ûӦİȴٶȼĽŶ㿪ˡ
һգ쾪ˣ˫һ򣬵ҲŭȻ֮ǰһ»ͦ۵ģͷϿյ֪ºδ˸£ҪϷˣҡ
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ηӦˣҪţֱ㿪ˣö鵯ʱֱӻһ׹˵ϣܶʱһ֮
˽ûֶ׷ЩУе֮Զ⾫ﻹǳ֣Ȼ򵥡
Ҳˣֱ齣޳Թ빫֣ͣ
ѩ٣ո˶˼ͣͣ𣿡
ɫһڣ̲סԼİһֱۣ̻ӷȥ
ϵѩٿûǸϿһۣڼ׼ǡ
ڵΪ־ܽǽڵԨԨʵ̫ˣԴһ½ıԴ֮ΪǲϷǣѾͻƵ˴˳ڡ
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Ĳ˵ղҲСӲ˷һսΪǼ廯ⳡΣͳ㣬ܸɿ˼뻢ڣҪǽ˹˭֪ǻ᲻ʹʲôƽ˰ȥ
˼Ļɷиһ˭Ҳסġ
ѩٳŷ̰˰֣Ȼǣðһûʹʲôأ˲٣дĹ𣿡
뵽ղǴӿµĴƣһɫԽ֣صԵ
ѩٵ˵ͷһۣ⣬Ͽյɡ
һֱƲеڻ¶ƮƮأسѩٺһӣǾȻվ
һɢʱڳһ¡
˵ҵһЩˣǶ˫һһȴ½Ļ壬һɽڵİǵóеųˣⲻ֪Ľ꣬һۿȥͷǶɽڵΪ
֮Ҳټࡣ
һңԼûгͷԵĲܲ˴ȥСǴˡ
ѩٲδ뷱˵ʱֻûעʱգһۡ
Ӧǲϣ֪һЩµģղڷϣͲ˵ԼǰˣȻƲ룬϶ǿƣֻǲģڽһȦ
ҺˣȻһ⡣
ܽⳡΣȫѹƣѹƵܼҲΪѷңٲҪ¶ĹϵѩٲŻѡ֮
Ǹģеǰ취ԸûǷϣǾ΢ĥĥѵ
ֻǻù۲۲죬ԺǸǺѰģҪô÷ƽҴߣҪôһܻסҵģʱ򿴷Ҫһˡ
ѩһߣ˲յЩֱ˵ϣҲ˲ʲôˣ֮ôɽڵʿŵùǺ
һ޻򶨣˵񱾾ͷһڷƵϣµҲ𾪲һߣĿֱֱؿƣ
ɫƽĻӣѲǷ֮ˣ⻰֮ʡ
һۿһ죬Ϊһ֮嶼ܿɽ٣˵˷ˣԼӣȻǰ
æǰ֣Ƿ̣ҵֻǶȡģϧԵü壬ұүү㣬֣ʲôȽ˵ɡ
˵ųżΪһСðȺжʱһɫȹֻʮСŮСŮֱӳƣֵ磬үү鷿ﻭϵĸɣڼҽݣѽ
ϾôһӣԺǽ˴롣
һ˵һ߽ץŷƵֽȰ£Ժ˵
ʹȥѩٸһֱ飬ҿղǶֵʱ游ԥĳֵ£ϧﵱصĻ壬֤ԷҲô飬˵Ǻͺƻ᲻Ƕȥ磿
ܿ϶ᡣ
ѩ٣Ϊʲô
ƽ뷱һʱľǻȻҲʱ̶СߣֻҪбڣʱС붼ߵģʱȻҪǸţȴʱһʱԶԷȻΪ˽⡣
ŷƵƢԣΪѾҪ㻤ʱˣʲô飬鰮飬Ҫʱûг֣ٳʱҲûôҪˡ
ѩ˼ǹʱ˼ɡ
Ҳôɡ
ǳʱˣǾͲˡ
ܽ죬޹еĶʳǽ£һ·ɲ١
˴Ӽлֱ߽һЩ̽ͷͨȺڣΪ͵ֻõƣ˵һȺˣͲľǺʱһֺ档
˵룬һ侹Ȼ룬ǲѾʧڴ˵е𣡶޾ȻֻǱ˵ޱϵ˾ʲôͷ
ͨȺɻ̾Щ˽ĸߵͬɻ
ܻӴȥǶ֪ģЩҪиɽţʳﻹǼҵλӡ
ЩѰ𣬷Ҷ㱻ţ֮ҹϵĻҲԶǹ˼棬ʱҶ뽫Ԫ½ˡ
ܺδǸϾɱ֮£ɶԷʵࡣ
֮ԶΧ۲δһ仰ûﷱ˵һΪҵ֪Ѿˣ˳𣬳˷Ƕɽڵ涼Ԫһʲôδԡ
һȼʼʯޣȫ½ܹƽʵ˵£αҲʸμӵģһһȻԽû˳ͷ˵ˡ
ǲ֪쵽׷ʲô£ǸʲôˣܻͻعˣǷҵѾˣǾˣ
深ҵУǸİĸ࣬Ҳ֪ǲ˽Ϣ̫Ǿ֪롣
ЩΪһȴ½ҵĽڼֻ֮ʱ飬۽խˣ֪иһƬ죬ȴ̲סԼĳ˵մմϲȴ֪ڱУΪңźūͶȲϡ
ⷬĵȻֻǻʳܱߵңܵҲˡ
һع£룬ʮɽʿĻԼµһƣпѹΪ˽ɣ֪ǽ˹ܵæֱӴڹǰˡ
Ԫ½Ļʵû磬˽ϼǧ½һ½Ļʵۣʵ㲻ʲôǲ֪ǻԵǽˡ


114 
Ļʵ۳ҲţģüĿϣ꿴Щ󣬲ʲ󣬹岮ҲûˣĻʵһǴ塣
ƵҲУϾ߻Ȩѩ˵ЩûߵӰʱ
Ͼĵ̣Ҳ˼ҵͳߣѩȻδ񣬵ıҲǸ㹻ˡ
Ȼ˴ʱ˵ⲻ֪ݵ֮ˣƷǳȼˣܵʵһ£ʶһ񣺡ɾԶʧԶӭɾˡ
ͬܵ۶Ҳӭɾ
ѩ·ѾߵĳƺȻӦܵۿˣҴˡ
겢δɾƺܵһɫԽ˼֣ɾ롣
ĻʹȻȲãһʹûʲѩ๬󣬵һ·߽ȥҲͦ۵ġ
ʮ˽ѩϰԵĻ֪ѩ͵ıԵˣϾ˭֪Сϲľ·ˣƫƫЩΪ͵úܣǸۣܵΪȻֻڣҲֻˡ
һֱ԰ѩ̲ס¶ɫ˵Ϊ˵㣿
ͺͺģͺģͺģһɫĻ䶼ûУֱûˣ֪Ϊ⣬޷ҲΪףͨԶʿҪö࣬Ҳһ½ͳߣ
ܵ۵˽ļʱչѩڣɫδ˲ŻῴЩ
ѩЩʧ
ϲסôͺͺĵطǴŷưѷҵ¿ɣҲȥĵطһ棬˽Ĵ½ô࣬࿴ٻȥǰ׳һˣϾԨԨɿڷɲס
һԵĻС£ý
˵ϴȻһֱ԰˲̵֦ѿϽ۵İƬ̣ղŻһƬľۿɼٶȱ仯š
ҶѵʢһƬ䶬ĺУɫѸ԰භޣʤա
ѩ⣺԰Ҫл԰ÿˡ
Ǿ˪ɾΪȻ֮ҲһЩƿ֮߶Ͳʲô£ԺЩˮЩܿŵ궬ٲŻлȥ
ҲļģеܹˣҪѩҲҪʢִ߷̫֮ˣ㣬ļܶѰ
ڱϡ˽磬ûݳ޵ȥٻЩ˸ǵһμȳ֪ԭǱ߷ɿʻҶƬľ󣬻Ǳ𺳵ˡ
̾ū͸۾ֱˣֶΰ
ܵ񣬳Ŷٴһ񣺡λɾ
ܵ۲˶ҿɵɾֱ֣ܵӻһɡ
ǰѩգһ۾ʲôƺ⻹ȡء
Ҳΰֲ磬˿Եƣ˵ǻȻǰСΪߣǷɶ׷СΪҲû취ǿĲͨСܱȵģСδǡ
סʱܵ۾Ѿ˲ˣµⲻ֪ƢԵɾһֱӶ˽ãܿóסȷĵġ
˺úϢĵطѩٿίԼˣûǵû
ҪԸ澾ǰָļ̣סӴ齵᣾˸飬˵Щʿûڼ
һƽƽĹȻһ£ЩڼɢŨγʵʵݶЩΪˣʶļֱƮƮˡ
ȻɾдˣһЩźūͻ²٣ֻѩɨЩһۺһָ̧ǣҲ°ɣҿͦ˳۵ġ
ǣһɲԤͷ
ܿԪ½һӱ˵´ˣöҼڸܵ۴
ȻܵȻдˣҲźţɴϢҲ࣬δ̽˾ǴĻǴģǸǲֱѯʣߵˣҪôҪôӡ
ȻݲԲˣһַõĶǾͲͨóġ
Ϊһȴ½ĵȻְδЩʿһרע磬ȥľӢӵҲ١
ЩٴιһЩļţһЩʣЩһЩ鼮ɽ磬˽ʵǹģֻЩ˴۽硣
ԺЩܵ۾ܲδۼȴЩ鼮ҵأҲ㿪۽磬ɴԽȷŴݲ򵥡
һʼö˶η壬˾סĵطЩţǲʱѲӣԶ˶ȡ
ܵ۰Źȥʱпܱĸ֮Ľȥź򣬷λ꿴ŲɾƢĺã˾ϴЦҲ󷽣ź˼գЩ˵ģõĽҶʹͶʮƬ֮࣬ǺЩٺ»ˡ
ɾĹҲ˹ȥĵط
ѩһ߳ŷ䲻ҲˮһĿǣö˶źأСӰ㲻ҪʶôŶ
ƺֱðСɾŸʰ˶ʲôСӣСӣתתԺͽСˣ˽ĳƺɰ
ɰɰˣ
ôܵĻӣ񱻽Сӣˣ
һŰƴ棬ѩٽԱһţһԺŵǰˮϴʪĲϸĲãϸϸɾ˵һ԰š
Ա߿ţѵصģɱЩֱѾͷĿˡ
ѩٿһۣвδɫûСӰ
ǣ
ѩ̧һۣҺء
̣ɾк£
ѩҡͷûҺ㣬ҲӦңûò
ǻǿЦɾкηԸ
ѩŵպò׷ˣȥתתɣ˽磬ɲǴտ԰ġ
æɾԺȥһЩˡ
ѩ٣˸ʲôֱӳȥˡ
ǣȻҪЩв۵ĳײɾء
ѩһЦʳĶԲţ˭ҳײ
ǣ
ǶԣϲԣҪķʽͷˣĥԶĥҪʹĶ࣡
ܵ谮ǱĴ½Ĺעûлλ̳ȨлУǵ츳Ҳõģ뵱ʮɾͽ𵤣ԺҪôɢүҪôܵ㾡ԴѰߵľ硣
ܳ츳ãֲմȾȨרְԵƢԣʳǽµ˲˵ȫһ붼ʶǵģСǽиԶ
ɽգСȻϹϾźһСߣοչסһʣԼ¶һ˫۾ܿ˻ȻɵĹСԱһվԵĪֱ˼֡
Ͻִԣ˶ڲ²⣬겻Ǳ˰ɣʣҲȷ
ȺУ͵̣ǸСӣ
ȻڼСӵ˵˵һ룬ȫסֻ¶ӰҲܽϳ
ո̳Ϊ˸̵ġ
⼸շҶڴһЩڲ飬ΪһҲʣ˵Ȼû̵ܽ£䷢һЩƺҲûȫ£ĿǰѾƽദˡ
ֹ֪˼վͻ뿪һЩ˽ĶԶԶȲģô⣬·ЬòϣϾķ¾Ͳ˽ŵģЬ棬ϵΣҲһ⡣
֮⣬˽򵽵ĸֵҩһЩõϵҩ򵽵ļˣֻϧʯﲢǮ򵽵ģүүΣǺ޲ʳǵĵ̶Ҫֱϡ
մӵͱһ£һ̧ͷȷʵСӣЩʱֱӱ˹ȥСӣ
ѩЩ죬˸ͷսֹʱͻȻܽҵˣԼӦǷõܵˡ
ѩٿлδü봢еĴСǻ¸չͿʼǲˣ
Сӵߣȷ̿ڣΪģǰյ£Сӳ̵֣ǵһλصңͱǣǳУһоա
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̵û̫˼ֻǳĸлնлСΪҵȵ⣬һˣҷʽ΢СзԸҷҸҲǣ
ѩֱתͷǣ˼ٿ㡣
Ƕʱɴ۾⼸СźģժƤȶ֣ҪǳʵǲУͲ³һͶźλˣСˣôʱʱһ֣
ѩٳһſ򷱼̣һ𡣡
æڼ׼ݼҶ壬Ҳ֮£±ҲҼЩʱһЩ϶ֲܣĵˡ
ѩٵֻ໻ܽΪһǷ϶õġ
һ棺лСӿ⣬ǰ֮¶֮ΣҶὫΪ׾ذ
ʱһ˹ģϴЦܻӣӡ
ͷҲصط˸ۣ嵶Сˡ
ں̬ȣҲգ߽󣬿ߵˣƺһ£֪ܿλǣ
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ֱ׷ȥݻԵǲǾڸˡ
ѩٲϲˣЦļټٵģͼȫһģ¹ģᣬǰġ
ڲϲˣѩôһתͷֱӽԱߵ鱦ꡣ
ǻ˽ѩٵƢԣ˽⣬Ƕ࿴һǸ꣬˰αװƽҰĶҪˣѹСϲء
Ȼ֪ԵɣĲһμ棬ͱλСɾϲȻûгϣ϶ҪƤ£ϾӡܾദŤתġ
Ҳŷǰɲܱոĸȥ
Ĳڴˣס˺ſڵСûԸǷȸˡ
ѩһˡ
̽Ҳһˣһ㶼ջֺãû취ôƢֻ̾ҲаɣܱǿкƤӵĺá
⻰˵Ŀνǰ˼ɶûУͲָˣڵǶˣ˵ѩˡ
ѩҲתͷȻǸ꣺£
æѵ֣ҵɾһʱ飬ȥ
⻰˵ģԨԨѩü
ֱӵ£°ɣҼӲϲ̫˸š
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ûģûڷСĺû𣬻ϸ֣ǰͦ£ôɵ㶵Ĳأ
ɫһֻøˣǳ׽̸ˡ
ߺѩŵһ۱㻹
е˻̹е˻գֻȻǻѩٸϲǰߣΪǰ߱ȽϴöԸ
ǲûоб佱ﾹȻĪһ˿˿С
Ѿûˣˣ
ѩڵתһȦʵûʲô۵ģЩ鱦ⲻ㣬ÿˣתôһȦĹ򣬾ͼ˼Ҷˡ
ѩٺĿȥʲôô
ǵҶӡ
ѩ٣ѣǲĿˮ
ǣֻôѣ˽ɴ׳н۵·ҶƬǶ԰пҺҺԸ·գɢζζ޺ã޳ʧǣȵսԲޣÿʱҶͻΪΣӦ󡣡
ѩٶʱȤǰȣն˿õʯ
ǣ½Ϊֻ½֮ͨ½Ҳ˽Ĵ½ʯֻǧöȥ徫ӢȻֻǧˡ
ѩٿǣԪ½Ҳһȴ½ѵûʯ
ǵȻУֻͲڴȵˣԪ½ֱӶʮˣʱһͬǰ
һȴ½ڶĴ½ЩйţЩҲڶ½ڶ࣬ɢɢģÿһ磬ˡ
ѩ̾ҪٻȥǰÿƽʱʥǶر֣ҲǸǸѡ˲ŵʱ
˽磬ҪúÿûʲôӣȰѺߣɲܱˣЩȻ壬类ǾǸˣҪиɳģģȻ͸׽塣
Ȼ˻ʹΪѩٵĺ棬Ǿܵ۵ͬ⣬ǴλʲôСɾȥʯ
ʮӨɫɢʯͷ֣صķһ統УģҲرˡ
ֻ⴫˵еʯѩ̲סЩʯͷϢôоЩϤ
Ҳá
˶һۣϪеĳϪصͨʯͷ
ۣʲÿ٣Ȼʯͷʯ


115 
ͻȻ˻ʲһСܣٿЩ嵱һʯͷѩٶЩ˼ڶˣϾϪˮвġ
תͷʵķ𣿡
ֱҡͷҲŲȥ
һЩĿ˹ΪֻҪʿǼͷҪء
ѩҲЩ⣺Ϊʲô
˫һأ°΢΢һ̧˼ңͨҲͼʮܻĶ֮٣ΪܻɣԪ½Ҳˣôһȴ½˿ĵط˵ɣҪʲôʲôҲȥ磬ʲôֻһǻƢȥô
ⷬѩû뵽ʱһϡȥǣû뵽㻹֪֮ͦ
ճǾͰ⻰佱ˡ
ѩ٣ܰôͨ͸Ϊʲô֪˶ԣ㻹Ҫȥ
ɫٴκ˵ʯ˵ʯôܳ
ѩգ۵Ŀƺڵһش𣬶ʱɫһ죬һǱɫģһǵ߳ߵģ߳ŭĺ˵˸һͷ˺ݻǷ˺ݻȴǺûȥҲҵĴҲ˼ҵĶ˰ɣ
һڵġܵˡ
ѩںЦҲúЦܻӣҲû
ѩٵиʵ۵иܳĹ˽ĵط˳˵ΪҪݻѣڻоȡ
Կѩ٣ѩ˲񣬶ʱԨԨ̵úá
˵ԨԨѩپеˣԨԨڱչظղͨӰѯʹչҲôţ½ģһ룬ѩָ˾
ǿĴ֮ͻȥɣԺл档
ͷǾͿȻȥˣоҲûʲôġ
ѩٹЦСͦġ
ô󣬻ûôڹأСڵĵһˣϧһ̰ͼûƴǸģ´л˽磬СǶһˡ
Ԫ½ȥ½ߵķҪС£ѩٿɲʱ˷·ϣԲδϻһͬСǿ϶ҪµģԺҪ˶ʱ뵽뵽£ǰǰˡ
Ǳ߷ѾԼĸ¹ڣҲûҵΪǣʹ뿪ˡ
Ƶ游һ֪ܽ£˽磬Ȼ˽簲ݣƴһǰ;ǽ׼õĴӵ㱸һЩõҲòϵĶ˽ûʲôöܻүүĺܸˣԶ
ȴǵѾԼļңֻǴ游׻Ͼ£ȷĸɵĻ¡
һ޵Ķˣܾû壬ҲһЩ׼õĶ˳ҼȻ˼츳ģǾͺúЩƽɣѾˣľԺҲûǸ鷳Ҳٵģҹĺܺá
˵꣬óöϢ񣺡Ժ󷱼磬֮Σȥʾȡ
Ͳٶ˵ﾡѾҲԹˣԶô꣬Щ强Ҳ˵ڣԣɴ롣
СѾص˷ϣֱӻ˷ۡ
һʶ׷˳ȥҲùֱӷˣæӿ˼үү־𣿡
ʹһ̾˿ˣͦõģͦõġ
ԸڹĲδٱҼĥ
ȷһ޴򿪷µĴ澹Ȼʯ飬龧Уиֵҩʱۿһ죬ŨŨ֮ӿͷ
Ϊ˼壬⺢ӷˣԼɳãȴδǺǣԽһԽء
̷游үүģԺ󷱼أ壬Ҿȥ壬磬Ҿȥ磬Сɾ˵ˣǿԻĵģŬǿ˵Ҳܳɸ̡
Ѿص۵ķ׼ȥСߵſھոܻӵӷĻôˣ
ЦŴչ㷱ҵæ
Ƶͷһ
Ҳµ㲻ὫҶȥ磬һţôһ츳ģ㾹Ȼһû
ƣҪڰӮʯȻȥ磬ҪûȥҲ
æ֣֪ʯʲô𣿡
⻰ʵķĪʯʯ
СԭʯǸϪµʯͷ
ƿ򻨳ɫƺЩһѾΪ֪
һͷˮ֪ʲô
ƣϪˮıѡʯʯմȾϢƽý飬һϢУģܴϢĶֻϪµʯͷΪʣȻΪʲôϪµʯͷӨɫ
ΪΪѩϲ
СôǰɫԭͱСˡ
ƻˣȻҪȥѩٻ㱨һʱλܻӱһֻĽֱſڡ
ѩЦ˵Ŀ
ƣڣ
ѩ٣ĳ˵⼦ҪఴζҲۣԾԡ
һ̧ͷʱˣ㣡
ѩӣʲôרİļ
ǶʱһȻһģ
ѩһȻصı飺û¾·ƽεôȻΪ۸ҵˣҲųְ
ǱֱֻӶ׵˽ԩ༦һ㶼ԩء
ѩ٣Ǿˣ˷ҵ𣿡
ҡͷѩٵǺðɡ
˵תͷǣСӰԺ󷱼Ԫ½ɵðæЩ
ֻԱգǻ
½Ԫ½Ҫ֣һεĴȣ½ѡľӢڴˣ˱һЩŻģޱɢޣ½ܳΪ˽һ½Ϊͨپÿƽᣬڶ½ʿһƽĻᡣ
ѩ˵Ĺüͷһ壺ƴʵǸûʯһξĻ᣿
ǵͷô˵
ѩһǺͱѡˡ
ҲһϾ˼ڶЩٲһЩϵ棬δƾʵ
ѩ٣ǵʱɰ۾ЩƷҪϸˡ
ǵʱԪ½˶·ϣ½Ҫô˵˽һ½֮ǰͣԪ½ϿյʱԪ½޲
ڷͣ½Ͽգûþͱˡ
ѩ̲סЩɻ󣺡֮ǰ·ʱôû
ҲףƵԲһЩʱδ½žӢڴˣԿ˴ٹǿ˴ű
½Ļʵ磬˳ۣϿһǿķۺδóȻٶϰ̽һ
ѩֲѰģȻûʲôˣҪأˣ˽ûʲôԴȥǾʹ˲ŰɣԴ󷽷ļ½ˡ
۴żλ˽ŵһͬǰҪҪ̽ԷԼǰĿģҪѰģҪʼĩ꼰޹˽ˣɾһָͷġ
ȥ֮ǰܣеļҲ໥Ĵ̽˽ţȴ缸ŵĸϱܼϵһƽҲԼϵʽ
˽űڣյϢҪȰʲôˡ
ϧ໥δ̽ʲôϢҲû˵ʲô˽硣
һڵҲزˣ˼Ҵ˰Ӧûʲô⣬һλСӦЩǡ
۵Ժλˡ
ֻ˽ĵͨ˶ϻȨʿ˵ǸҲ޲𣬿»û⼸λеλ
һ˵˷֮ͣǰͨ۱㽵ݣ澷һöλ룬Сѹʱ
˷ǳĬĵһСǸС
ԭΪ粻֪һû뵽ȻСǿɱһҪǲá
λһۣ˼֣ҲֹסͻСģƢôð
СĵżλȥѩѾڷڴˣһǳ廪ͷڣ˫Ǻʵ¶ݣȻվֻ࣬վڻ·һŬСڸеˡ
֪Ȿƽƽһ죬֪λСɾҪ½ĻʵʱҲûжӦֲûֻ·ţδţһźСɾֱ¶˫ʱһ¡
һ˲һðͷǣһȥǸɼܣûʶʱˣôԪ½Ѿ˰ɡ
ѩɨһۣСӣ̧ͷͦص㣬ͷԵĶˡ
СᣬСҪȥ˼
Ҫ˭ûѩȻᱩ¶ݣĵ˸ڹ۲죬˼ҷˣҲûҪҴŲţֲǼˣ¶ݣ˶ϹϾĶãٲһЩۡ
ٴʱҲʵЩۡ
Сİǿֵ֪˽ҲţʵĽڣأһǲ˵ĶЩ˽Ѿƴ˵ĴڣǼҲҪݵġ
۱ϾƬ½ĵȻΪȣͬһݣȼС
ѩһſڣλض
۵˸ǾȻطϲˮ
ԼͬɨȥֻֿܿǲضԼŨ
ѩٵһЩ˽²Żµ˽磬û뵽ˣǰڼ䣬ǰһ֣δŵλˡ
æСˣ˴ܵСļ֤ǲһ콾ӵĸˣҵȲ֪ССˣʵҵ֮
ѩһЦ֮λ֪ͺãҲ۸ˣҲӰ˲֮˵ķӡ
æӦһǣ˫ֿ׺һȼλˢ˸֮ѩٳԱɨһۣ̻⣬Զųǰ½΢ٸߣλȡ
ѩ٣֮λԵ񣬻λĪҪƴǡ
æлһۻǼλ˾е˾ѩ߳ģĽȾ滹ģλ׳˲Ϣ
ȴӷ뿪ЩСŴݽжȣ̸¾ֹǫ񣬲ҲԵʵЩ⡣
ôǺõģλСûвִȵ˼ֵģͺܺˡ
˸Իʱ֮غŴҩƿһöƷƵɢĵ㣬治С£ƷҩǱƵһҲǲˡ
˶ߺѩٶʱһ½ǣ治˾˵ۡ
ƣǼѾڶŵӵҪҪȥһ
Ӹղŵ̸УҲһЩϢЩ츳ܲĵӣѾڶˣ˽һЩţŵĸţɿ͵ľӢ͸ڣȻȡԴΪѡ˲ţѭ˫档
ѩٱͺıȽأ²ˣҲ뿴ЩѾΪӢڶӣжྫӢ
ЩУһԪģϵԼǿǽ޵ĺӣҴ˶ԽһҲ츳ҼƽƽƫԶ½ֱӱһڵĿУţʱ˲ڰȥΪѾԪӤڣ·磬츳Ҳټġ
Ϊ˼ѩҲûŻͷĵȥκϢһڵʱõء
ԪסܺңͳԺƫԺǣź˻٣ѩپ涢ôһкü
ԪΪڶõˣǲҪٲȵģ츳ǿδڣЩҿ˻δΪǿߴ֮ǰͶһһЩʯҩԻ·֮á
Ԫȫίܾˣû˶̴Ҳûеˣǽ׷һ˼ûͳɶҲ泩뿪
ٿԪģüĿȻǿһ࣬ҲӲ˧
̲סСˣ˵ˣûƤǳֻõǰô㶫һصġ
ƵףҰҲȻСǲƿء
ѼԦģǼᶨҰĲҰĴˣ˼Ҳ٣Ͷ콾һģĴ˵ľǺڻǰס
ѩȴǶ˶ӣеܵѪ
ɣǴڼ䣬½ľӢ˲ŻڴˣڶҲ˵׼вǼǿϲǰսģѰʿÿղ˶޶ȾѪҲϡƽ
ⷬ˵껹ûãͼԪ߷ԸҪټͺһصС
һ׼붨̬
ѩȻûȤˣʲô˼
˭֪׼뿪ȥһӢʱͼԪȡһƿ浹һɫʺѪҩ裬ҩѪнڵҲסѩΪ
ƺǹ߳õģδ࿴һۣͽҩҩ븹ѪǿʢŨ˲٣ΪϢҲƺǿ˼֡
ѩٿʶķƣмЧô죬һԾǿΪĵҩ𣿡
ϴγԵôĶһٶǰԵɺµõĵĹأԨԨ˵ѵõǴ˵һĴڣ˵ĵҩкܴһƿһ㶼ϡеӡ
΢΢üõ֮
ܲѪĵҩ٣ǿΪĵҩҲУԪӤڵ˵һЩ׼ƷҩܴﵽЧ˳ԵԾͲʶκһ֣ҷ˹Ѫ֮ôôа
ѩ̲סҡҡͷ治֪˵ʲôˣҲ֪˵ײˣԪҵıײ


116 
ʲôȻѩٵ£ֲִߣݲð㲻֮£Ǵĺ棬֪ǵʲôҩȻô档
԰ŻȥҲֻǴĵǸԪѡʲô·ԼѡܵٶҲܲ˼ҵѡȥ
ѩٱΪôҪһʱܵøû뵽û죬ʹ˽һˡ
ѩٳôûôģµˣһŮӣһǰϵ۾Ǻɫģһ۰׶ûУƤѵƤһ۾ͷƤĲʸС
Ǳ̹һĻݣܲƤӶճһֻһ϶
Ͽɲ֮⣬ŮӵıҲ£𼸸ܴĹİ֪ǳʲôŮѹֱ
˴ʱΨûסһȻѩٵ˵ɨʱŤͷٿڶۡ
ѩѾʱֻòȡ˵ͣȻҲбССһǱֵĺƽҲû¶ʲôķӦֻ΢΢ЩɻĿŶҵŮô£
СҪ֪ǵҩҵȱ棬ڶصԪװ·ٵ֮ȶĴ
㱨ʱѩĲһ΢ɨһԱ߿ȥǼ˲ͷһ˵ƿߡ
ѩջߣĶ
Ǵзҳĵҩҵѽ鿴ⵤҩʹõҩﲢûвѰ֮ļζҩֻͨҩܰҩҩԹЧѪ֮ͬҩõѪҵҲѪһɾѪԣƳĶﲻѪЧ
⻰һٿŮӣѩ˲ߵϵ
ԪգɼˣϾ⣬ǱȥֻΪѹ£Ҳдɣռ·ȥһҿջջΪĻţҵۼԪӴŮȡһƿѪΣԪߺֱӽҲ˻
˵꣬ѩֲǵߣһοȥƼδڵĻ㲻ֹˡ
ѩٲûסóһ顣
ǵǷӦ죬Ťͷܡ
ѩٰѾĥܳɹɱˣ
ڵϵŮӣʲô֣Ԫʲôϵ
Ů΢΢̧һͷ漴ܿԱؽԴĸͣδ
ѾʹˣŮư͡
ѩ٣ɻд֣
ҡͷҲᡣ
ѩٶʱüͷʲô˼Ҿ簡
һôҳѩע⵽ղŻᵽԪʱŮʶקȹ֣ȻŴֲڣ˺۰ָ߲˳ָȳƣǾϸһһ˫֣ٿϣôΪݡ
ѩٵΣ
Ҳ֮ͨˣڰߣҲӡǣҪҽɲ鿴
ȻʿҲܣҵרβ˵ȷ棬ȻҪרҵҽɣҲҽɵģȻڶ໤ţܲסиһÿγУȻҽ̡
ֻͨŮҲ֪СôţԪǶѹȷûʲôΣվֱӴСˣͻδüҽɲ鿴
ѩٿŮӣöҵĻö͵ͷ
ŮƺЩקĵȹֱ˼֣΢΢󣬻ǳѩٵ˵ͷֻһֱͷҿƺ̧ͷ˶˵һǳµ¡
ѩ٣ԪѪ
ŮӱûʲôѪɫ˫Խ˼֣˵ͷ
ѩ٣Ը
һŮӵĶᶨ࣬ƴҡͷеصƺһֻᱻͻصԪǶȥ
ϧǸưͣ˵ڣҲ뵽֮ǰ£Ҳǹں£̲סȻ޶ûģԽԵ
ѩٴλߵŮӵĸǰмȥ
ŮͻȻ߽̲סٴҡͷ
ѩ̾˿Եְɣ˭ҷأʱڷϣҽɸ㿴ܲܰκãԺ˵֪ѪΪʲôô𣿡
Ůɫֵ̧ͷź´ԪǸħӳֵһµĵطһ̧ͷͼǰ峺˫۵ܿ岻̵
ô꣬󵽵ĺڰҲûм⣬ǹ̫ˣٵǶ
ѩٵ˲䣬ﻹӿһ˿ʹΣһ˲ţΪûͲľ
ҡͷҲͷǾǿ֪˵
ѾôˣѩȻٹǿһԺŵļ澽ŮӴȥҪϴһ»ɾ·ȿҽɺٸơ
˴ȥѩٵĿٴתһƿҩƸһҩõУⶫ㲻Ǹʲô·ǱĺãҽǱܲŪŮӵѪô˵
ѩ٣ҾͿĲͦá
ƿ˵ѩֻЭͲպˣҪҽɶŪȻȥҪԨԨƱ˵ѪǿΪǰ˵𣿡
ҲƽѪ
Ըʿ˵ҲҲã߽׵壬ѪƤȫǺö԰ﰡģҶһֻѪһΪʳǲ඼ܷˣҪȻСʱʱºɾıȫǷģһ˱ǿɾ̫Σˡ
⻰һʱѩٴ˱˼·˵Ůӻ᲻ʲôѪݣȻֻͨ˵ѪӦûʲôЧ
ƣȵȿҽɵĽɣŮû˿ʿϢôǷŮ
ѩ°ͣҲһʲô˵˰ɣ
ЦŮʲôǲˡ
ŮԲܣŮ˵ѩˣŵһƿѪϳˣǻ벻ʲô˵ˣֻ˵ҲŮʲôϹѪѪڵͽ׵ʿȽðɡ
ƣǸԪδ
ѩٰ˰֣ǲǵ£ΪҪŮӵѪģǽ˾ȳˣǳԪΣǱҲŮȥ
ԪҲһʱ£ڶõģҲڶҪһڣŮҪ𣬲Ҳˣ˵ĳԹ͡
һߣԪյϢ˳ŮѰǾԲ࿴һ۵ģ֮ǰͻȻ·ٵ˴ųҲߣԷԾǱųġ
Ԫ֪Ϣ˲ͻԼ츳ĺܣûгӤǳ˵ΣڵΪʵʵģһû˳ѪȻ¡
ʵ벻α˷ֵģ˳Ůע⵽ģԷãǷг鷳
Ѿڶһ֮ţﻹ˼ȥʲôʯ
ڷϴ˼յĳﱻҽţڱȡѪļС鵤ҩҲһվܲģĵǺýžǣϵȴС
ѩЩȵĿ㱨ҽɣ˵ϵҲˣ
ҽɫصͷ˭һûòŮӱһȴ޲ߣҽ߶Ĳ̣ŮϱһǿĽƣݵģȫ£ŧҲǽƵķɡ
ѩ٣𣿡
ԭΪŮӶѾˣҲˣȴҽûԥһµظɴᣬס
ѩһ㶣Ϊʲô
ҽɣϵĽƣѹͬʱҲķǴŮһߣ˽ƱȼѪΪ۽סᵼԽԽƫƫˣ˵ǱҿĥҲ֪ŮӾʲôˣ˺ݶ
ѩ٣㶼ⲻ˵ĽƣôǿƵģ񣿡
⻰ҽɿɲ˵ҲǼλĳĬȻĬˡ
ѩʶѿڶò۸İɣ
ҽɴ󾪵Сԡ
ѩٺ˺ߣʲôԣǣĿʲôò˽ŮɣҲԣ۱ͲֻһŮҲʲôܼ˵£ŮϾʲôأѽҶ޲ϴسʥˣ
һԵҽ亹Сͯ޼ɡ
ѩֹֽ꣬ʵѪоʲô𣿡
ҽɵϵĽƣѿԴѪеȷһǿ㱻ԴֲڵַƳѪֻӳʮ֮һҲõͽ׵ʿΪ
ѩٵЩҩʲôʲôɡ
ȻˣܼЩʹͼЩҲǵҩ
ҽºѩæȡӰȥʣԨԨչУܴţʲӦʱ䡣
ȻӰ£оֳʵӰѩæʲ˽緢һ˵ˣ
ʶʱͷƤһ׷ʵʲôˣʲô
˽òѾСӸֵ췭ظ˰ɡ
ѩ޹գ۾ڣҾǾ˸ˣľȵģ˭Ҳ֪ǸϺ֣ҽ˵˺ǿĽƣµģʲһۣû֤ݡ
ѩٽǰһͨ˵ǱߵŬڼѰҿ֮˿ʲôûУòŮӣѪǸԪޣǰۼҲޡ
ֻõ˲غˣɱ©ϢҪ˽湻ˣ͸ϽʮһҶ߶ͷۡ
ѩЦӰûأڿ˽İȣҪʲ˲ţԺǾ˲
ŷɳȥô׾ٻģʻŻûŻҪѡʲôˡ
Ӱ֮ͷ۵̾ЩʱԨŪĻҲҪȼ֮ˣһĵġ
ЩڶˣԪùĵһͱѩٷܣһЩ˵Ҳȷֵģмѩٹ۸лģúÿҲ츳ȻҲϧڶˣҲû˵İãֻźա
ǸԪ֪ǲΪҲڷϵŮӣһձһ㲣һѯʡ
ѩٰڷϿ·ĶԪһǵĶһ˵й֮ĳﲻ֪°ߣߣ㲣һ̾飬һЩŵ˰Ѱˡ
Ȼһķϣ⽫淭ӰӶҲš
˿αԺڴгϢˣҲж˽ŵ
ѩٵĸ̾˲žһģӮģ˾ι˰ǡ
ǼСһֱܺã˵ʵ׼ѿصĺãЩ˼ľûССģġ
ȵĵһԲޣڰУȼֵͬҲͬѡһˣڶٱȶսʮȡһǧ˿ɻʯ
ѩڷ¿Ľζⲻ˵˼Ķ࣬⻹һԹȱԳ֮ǰɷȫյģֻܵȽ̡
ڿˣνǿ˼̬
˽ȴ໥̣Ϊһªĺڣʱȴס飬еĹ䡣
ѩٿĸѹƣЩųľۼһձΪߣ˶Ҳ󣬺ܶƫԶ½ʿֻܱᡣ
ۼ·һƫԶʿҲʵΪԷڶòе
ѩٿƺͻǣǻսһʶʱ񣿡
ʶʱСȽҪ
ֻһ˵Ļ˻ŲиĿܡ
ȴսһΪ಻ǰ£һ֪ԼͼĶЩֻԵʱᡣ
ѩٿ򻨳һʲôûСҪ
˭ôСǻʲʮ壬ԨԨӮ͸Ͻܵ˼룬ʮ˵ˣȱʲôɳܵ飬ЩûðֻԼƴоȱɵ
ѩٿ·ֵʱҲûúù۲죬ûͷҲгһǿõȵһս޽ѩҿõ˶ͨˡ
ƲԼϻ˼ʣЩȻòģһضûȥʵզء
ڶս͵˱ȶˣȶĳսҲһһһҪȶȥ
ֱӲһкƣֻǧöֻȡ˺ƵĲܽճ
һƬսֱʱѩǿˣǿ·öӣ׼һȺȡһöƣȻԼҵӡ
һǻǮӶģЩ˱ûҪȥ磬һս͵ڶսôƴΪľǸȡúƶѡ
ǧ¯ͷԼµϻ˼ʣȻ˿ѩ٣ѩҲ̾Ľ˻ȥ˼ҲΪʵУЩܺķӦѩٲϲܻȨơ
һսҲգһʼֳ˫ƵֳֵƵ˫˫սӮ뿪һս޳˰ˡ
ʣһǧ˺սƣսӮֱӵһöʯ
ÿһİǶǼ֣ЩȽһȴ½콾һЩƫԶĺĶľֿҲϱἰûܻʯܴһսģʱҲᱻڶյ
ƫԶ½һһȴ½һ꼴㲻ڶʱҲʵЩȵľЩˣҪıһͶʡ
ʯǧھһһıƴڶ£ĹΪ½ͳߣԼ˽缸ŵ˵һĻǰҸ棬ȴЩͬˡ
һݴӷֵˣƲǰ
·֪Ǻ⡣
۵᳴½ĺõ´½»½Ľh
һֱ˶ʮ۲ͣ£ȻЩǰ֮۵һȳڶѵļ֤λıͬҲСۡ
˶ʱһССô˽磡
۵СλֻһҪǱҳϣλԸҳϻùδǰһ
ۻ£ЩһֱͣϿյľ޴¶˳һ£ƺڵűѡ
»ʲôԥģܱѡǾңСȻ˽ʱϵһֱվ˳Ը⣡
ǵֱһ㣬վڹеˣڶ˵עֱڿշ˷ۣνһˡ


117 
ѡеĶʮ˵УֻǻʯģʯСɵӶ֪ҪôѡˣۼǶʮ½ͣŵľ޴ۣ·ĽĲС
̲ס̾
Щڶ辭ȾԹ۱˵һʼעʧȥ˱СϵĿܣ°עĻԵ
Щ˺ǲЩ˶ǰܽʯûȡױСʲôˡ
Щһ۾ͿЩѡ֮˵ǱƫԶ½Դǰȱ֮£ЩһųӵһͬƴһսûʯĲ㣬
ûз£ûзĹǴֲڵģֻҪǻᣬȻһɳ졣
ЩżͶʵҲϧСѡеˣǵһ£ϣЩԻһһĺãһ󻹲֪ܻٺôϧˡ
Щڼ֮µģЩһ㶼飬ǰдСڴ˵£һû͸©
ЩϢϲͬŭǶȲ֪⣬ǰҲû֪ǣЩڶӵɲƳɼ³һܾ飬һȡ
¹ֵ˭
СѾϣ֪ڴˣ˻һǳ԰ʾ˵Сһ˵ӣϾ˭֪һŭж£˭ͷ롣
ЩӦģʼòѯǷܵһЩ˸ǵ֪Сڴ˵һӦ˻ȥȡϹֺõСǿνƽơ
Сѡ˵飬˶෽Ϣ֪̫װ״ʧû֮⣬ӦľȺǰڶõĸ콾
õڶʸЩƾʵڸűƴĽЩϵһ֣ǰǻЩһȸϵĵ⣬ֻϱۡ
ٳ׷˵ж̬ʵ֮ǰҲ˵һЩޱ޾ĲݸҲɲʲôۣ˼ԭطûѾǸʲĴڡ
ȷ˲ա
·ηӦθѩҲûǸȥעĶʮˣѩپһ˽֮Ҳջ
ʮͷƻܺͣµУصĸպþʮˣһ˿ۣܿ˶ϵģǿ۵ĿӦò
ȻˣЩѩٻҪ˵ǰͷԺ󱾾̻ص磬˽¾ȥˣ磬ǻһľͨԻᰲǵȥûͨҲᵢѡŰ롣
æҵСԸ
ѩٳһۣһ֣ʮƿҩֱӷɵ˵ϣǻ鵤λսһսɾָЩ
лƵǸ˽账ģԺһͬȥʱ㶯ȥˣǾĪҪʱ䣬˽ҪģסѰźãҿɸԻطϢˡ
ͻȻϷۣһѶҪģһҪȥһЩ˽¡
˶ɢ֮ѩٿԴ֪ݺźĺԹԵǣܵҲ·ȽԿ㸸һͬȥ
ŶһҲûʼʱҪиУĪм᲻ãͷһǾͰԼһǱСɵ˰ɣŰŰˡ
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ϵŧѹֱӣŬҪһ顣
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칬УδʱΨɫ΢䣬һۣ뾻̶ԻӦ
һȸһĿµˡ


120 
±һڹ֭ѩӣе㱥ˡ
ϵʳǿ󣬱ϾдģٻܽһѶԸ߰˰˵ķͷƾûˣҲͳԵƬͳԲˣҲֻܳԸһС룬ͱ͵Ĳˡ
Ե̫׷ѩٱ˶ˣ˶ʱԨϣ˸ǷСʵʲôʱܽҶˡ
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еһУֻΪҪɾȸ֮
Ǹһϵȸ֮滻ʱͬӲ³


121 
Ȼĳ̶ȣҲһֶϲ̨ۿηдӾ̶¼ӰлȸΪ֤Ѳϱ˾ͻŵġ
ѩٵĻǳǲα߲ߵҰ̯ǰ
ȸΨһ񣬳֮ǰѾ£پž֮ĽһĲȾ鰮Щſ콾ִض꣬߶֣ǶһΡ
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˿̵ĿǸԶֱͦ˼ׯȴģ˳ľ˫磬ͽ΢ȴ־ǿ˫λƽƺԶƶ֮۵Ůһ˿
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Ϊѩ٣ʧȥ˰ͽֱ˵治ֱԵĻ߿Լ¶޵ı飬תͷѩٿȥ֪ҺδССҪң
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ʱԨͷһģ
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ߵ̬ʵЩ֣ҪõȸԴֶεȷǲЩ̯ˣǱҲôҪҲֻǿԼһ졣
ղſߵǸͽܣʱԨɱҲɱˣǿΪͽܱʱԨ֣ҲԵ޹Ϊһ뼺޹صȥַʱԨֶΣ⵱ûʲôϵġ
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Եһԥֱ·磬ʺھ֮±ѹ
ھһʱߴ񻷣ᰴ¼֮ھķƳ֮ܽʱӡ
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߱ѹȻͬΪʲôʸң簲ȣǿвֲᰴҪȥı֮ʯʣҪҳȥԷҼǺѩٽ־ֱ˵
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ܾ⻰ҲнȥɣֱֲӶԺֻŬ΢˴ڡ
ѩٳ֣Աߡ
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߱ѹ˴֮ǰڵϲˣߣֱ˵ǣ޹أҲֻ
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ԤʱֵĿܣѩѾʱԨõ½Ⱦߣ۵Ļѩ½Ⱦ·½Ⱦæʵ⻰˼ǣ˵ʲôǾҪʲô𣿡
½Ⱦ΢ҲôΪ
۶ʱһҭСܲܲҪٿˣ
ʱԨҿһֱ֣ͬһԴԷƫģھߵ滹ʲô֮£ʴЩ㽫ͷƵѩȥˡ
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߷ҲʱڣС£һǰλ䣬˲ʹĴҵӦýǣμɣȷʵϲ顣
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ûʵ֤֮ǰ˷ȱ棬Ҳǿ˵ʲôǾʲôѻ꣬ǿ϶ǲеģΪҲû֤Ҫ磬ֻΪΪɵͽѻ꣬˵߲ӦҲûһӦ
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ѩŬԼʱԨǱ߿ȥ½Ⱦ֭ССڵĺţǸߣؾǸôԭҲǸƵġ
ɫǿͷֱͦ˼ƺ˲ŲİǣͬΪ˫ֻ޳ȸͱӣܷҾӪ꣬ò޵λܸ˹ɨأ簲ΣɲʳҪĲ˾
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ЩʱʱԨ俪ڣʱѾˣʻʲô̽ˣҲЩɢ
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ۻЩԥҪҪͿߵĻ˵䣬ھѾվ˴롣
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֪ȥЦʣƾʲôΪʣͬΪҲӵϹѪ֮ˣƾʲôȸֻë˶磡ҲΨһǱ÷Ϊ𣡡
ѩٿֻˣȸΪϹķ񣬲ΪkȸΪkԸk񣬻ķǿ󲢲ΪѪΪػֲػ͵ԵģԶɲȸ
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122 
һ׹Ǻӣһöɵ˵ϣ֪ǽ췣ԿߵΪǲᣬ췣ֱӽɢǲЩꡣ
ѵֻֻأΪΪıȸ֮ԺȸıΪʹϹŽ綼̡
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ھͷд飬뷨Ҳɹ顣
߷Ҿÿԡ
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ν˭Ҳ䵽ԼǷ׷׸顣
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ⲻֻ֪ǵĶ˽֪֮֮٣ȫǲ֪ηѡ
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󱳽ˣʱԨԲһ򵥵£ǰѩٱϣҲƿУڽ˱ڱϣоȫһˡ
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ʱԨ΢΢ͷƺЦһ£ֱ˲ƻȥȴǱűϵ߹ͤȣôùνţ
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ѩ̾˿ΪʲôأɲȸôҪİѽ
ʱԨִÿ˵ִвͬ㲻⣬ֻΪⲢִ
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ѩٻһͦģԨԨǸô֪ȸĸĸҪ֪
һǾͱ˽ƣǾ֤ڵʱ߾֪ˣʱ߾Һ˿ܣһǾͽ߽ˣԤıѾð
ʱԨȸȸѪ䲻壬ȴҲǸߵ壬ĸߵ˫ӣ
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ѩ̾˿ˣȸôأ
ʱԨȸȸ壬ֻǽ̣ǻᶯ˼ȥƴ½磬ȻعʹϽ
ѩһŤͷܿʱԨյСԨԨǸΪʲôֱ߲µԼأҪһм滻
ʱԨΪ񡣡
ѩ̾ͶˣΪܲߵ
ʱԨƽΪ֣ܶˡ
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ѩٶʱԣҲû뵽ԭȻֻ⣿
뵽ǰ£ѩ̲סҾȻߣ氡Ǹǲǲ֪ôİ֪ˣֻ¸ˡ
ʱԨЦһ֪ˣҲˡԺ޲޵ģʲôϵ
һ죬ѩմ˯һҹҲֻ˯ˡ
ǰͱȽ׽飬֪СǸȸ֮Խ׽ˣҽӿµıС췣ɢǴ粽ĸ󣬶˷ǳ䱸
մӾ̶Ҳ֪ھ̶﾿˶õʹ࣬Ҳ˳˼Լķ䣬úϢ
ȴȵҹ춯͵ۣͼŴӿϷɳȸ֮ͼɵϡ
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ıﻹǺܺ¸İദǧӣһ̶ܽȫĨȥģֻϤĵطϤߣİȫΧ
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ȸ壬һ뵽ȸ壬Щ˵İˣͺ¿ܣô꣬һֱɼò״Ӿ̶ﰾˣԺҪһЩȥԼҪ
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ٴν鱧˼֣ǰ˵ͷá
ȥ֮ģȽӴĸĸȸ֮ѾˣʱһҪ飬һȸ֮һ˳ɣûʲôܻСľ֮Ǿ͸ɡ
Сô׽飬˵Сʱִģ˳Сһܸ˵ġ
ƽ½ȴѾ췭ظˡ
䣬ö𾪵°Ͷϲǿǿ񰡣ʥŮԭȻ췣
췣ԭȻǼи߲ʵŮȻΪȡ֮£˶˶ŮĻ롣
ƴ½ˣǰжߣ°¶󣬱㽫ߺ޵ж
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һһȸ壬Ͼûˣȸ廹мλɡ
ڶûȸ񳲶Ʒ
ӶĿЩסƴ½˰˵Ϊһ˿ˣʧ֮أ˵Ϊһ˿ˣǼʧһλ콾ء
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˵ȸȸ𣿡
ΨһȸҲΨһϹ֮һ˽ĽѣҲٹ֮·˳죬ȸȸһĵλֲһˡ
ҲҪȸԸعȸУ˵ֻȸС˽ȻģСȸҪ˽类ĥˣȸ嶼Ǻõġ
˵𣬿ҪʣԲôֶοɾȸҪĳɾȸ֮ΨһϹҪλˡ
ҲܣһֻȸǸ
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һľ֣ҶֻȸԲԸȸ壡
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˵ȥԮȻڣ״ǽѷɣܵǳ໤Ҳ˲ҡ
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ǰжϣܳһֻȸҪĲķʽȻѾľǾȡ
ȸһҪڵģΨһһֻȸأȸһƴ½ϻһϯ֮أȸ˲ܵõӻ
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ųɵϣָϲ˲䣬˻ɤӿڣҽ㣬ҲŲҪǸȫȸ
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ͨ˸ȸסͥԺڣһ˻ĺҪϾϣǲûаĽģҵĽֻ𣡡


123 
շɵͥԺôһ仰תͷͷˣҲ֪赱ݵֻûӣ굫еӣͲûû뵽ôȥˣȻһѵû
ôܵܣȸжȰȥˣֲû֮أαϸȥί
αװɺֱֻӷˣҲû赺һֱӱ׵ԴһȵǽϣֱӰǽҳС
ԴһڳĿ赣׽㣡ûദô֪Ժ˽ܿǧ꣬һ㶼Ϊۣ㻤и飬ûӵеһУǸ׽ģ
赹Ųӣ˻ֲĴ
Դ׽Ĵ͸ñᣬ˵ԲĻ㣬ôʹ࣬ò׻صңȴԸǸѪԵϵļٵģҲԸ㣬ʲôζ
赲˵ˣһ棬һ棬߰Ľ˵ԺֻˣҲܰ
Ǹȸӵиףӵȸ壬Ϊȸݽܵ׷˶ΪŬֲһôء
赲ôԴ̾˿ң׾ʧȥĸף񷱶࣬Ľ֪ȸ㲻ϲºҲҪȥѾȸ֮δȻܳɾλѾˣΨܳȸδڹ˽㶼˵ֻ
ŤͷȥʲôģԺȸֲҵġ
Ѿˣû޷ҲΣȸû䣬Ҳһ޷ε峤
⻰ԴʧѵͲҪΪȸ忼δԼĶӾȻ˽
ڸ˵һЩֻҶԴֻõϵȸ֮ǶԸ⣬ٷһȸѪ㣬Ȼ㻯ȸпܵġ
Ҳ赴ԭϣ׽ú飬ûнһǲв죬赼ٱӰĿܡ
ǰһֱףݣʧȥۣ֮δٶԼǧˣز֣
ŰǸԸԺһˡ
ֻһ·ɻŻصΣѩٲĿô죿
ۿ΢죬֮ǰôܣҪ˵ȫûһ˿ڴȻҲǲܵģѪԵˣ죬΢ԵڴҲûˣСһֱӻ˷䡣
齫ղŵ¼һ˵ѩٲĵɴ۾Ĳ⣺ɵ𣿡
Ҳò˼飺֪Ǹ赴֪ܴѵֻ֪صȸ壬ȸһϯ֮أװʲô˵ֻ֪Ǹٵİװô긻ӣ˵ֻ𣿡
˵̲꣬סļһ䣺οǸδô
̬ҲǼģûжǸ赣ΪǸٵģ׽ûһΣ˵ֻû󲡵ɲ
ѩٿ飺ȥɣҪǲȸ壬ʱһ
ֲһֻûܸ顣
صֻͷʲôû˵
Ѿҵڹ̧ͷỽһ䣺㡣
һЦˡ
˼գȸ峤ʣĿΪ˭֪ԵԴȸļλϵ˴ֱ˽
֣ѩͬһԹֻۣȸϵֻʱûס࿴ۣ뿴ж
ܵСĿ⣬ʶηܣӡ
ǰƣΪȸȸ壬ȸĿ񣬶Ȼû˸ǣҲӣһνѵȻû֪ʲôúµġ
ĵŴֱСſľš
֮ǰشһҲ˽ľӲȸôȣϲ죬ϲǳףһ˿ɴȹķ˼ںдֵ׺˼Դĺ飬֮òԽһ˿Ź
̬ȸЩ⣬ǱΪһ˽类ĥɪСȸû뵽ʱ󷽣Ҳ̲סп治ȸ
ʹһ΢΢תֳСһְֽ̹ģ̬󷽣ֹţ׽ܹýĹҲһֱεԴЩοЩ˽ӣǲҲûдŵôࡣ
ҿ֪Լ׵뷨֪ˣҲûʲô뷨ˣΪѾȸˡ
ȸ˿ڣʵ»˵֪ʱһ䣬Ӧȥ
ɫϣɨһȸ壬˶䵹Ҳر£ȥΪɣκ˶ǿ󲻵á
Ϊ֤µ;裬ް˥ֻɡ
ȸ峤Դʶһ֪˽ǵûãǵŪ㣬Ҳ֪ջʮİ
תͷű˿ȥҪϾϣǲûаĽģҵĽֻ˵ĻҶˣҲΪҴδ˭ң֮ҵȥ⻰Ҿͷˣȸ壬Ҳϡ
ȸļλϸ֪м£ղǾ仰ϵһˣʱĿת赡
Ҳ·У񶼽סˣҪ˵Щʲôɱͳѣ֪Ϊ仰ǵԸȸǷ˶Ĵ󣬸ǾźµԽʧ޷ڡ
Դǰһģܵܡ
ֱӴĻȸ峤ԣûеܵܣҸǸǧÿһӶɸмҲΪһмίԼҲϲǣҲϲֻĵܵܣǧ޸ĸûֵܽһˣֻ
˵ֽĿ⿴ǼλϣҪϻȸ壬ֻΪȸȸǸ𣬶ֻǴ˼ĳªŮֻһ̬ˣû飬ʶ֣ʲôֻ֪ȥ˭һһ֣Բж˵ʻ⿪ˣҲ
˵ЩʵҲЩĵģǵСԼСʱǷݲҲɢˣڵĹŮˣҲвںںĽˡ
ĸǻᶯҡ֡
ΪĹϵСΪȥһЩȸ飬ԭĸ׺ܶǰѾˣڵԭħ¡
棬ڣϢѪӦ峤Դûֹ
ĸǲһģĸײƾѪԵϢƾǷΪĸߵԣĸףȸĽѬԾô̽ѪԵϢȷǾŮ
ԴýѬ֪ԵɵЩɹˡ
ҲΪֻɣѬһֱƫ۶ӣΪܾãŮѾŮˣû֤ݣûԼָоʵĪ
ƫҲСͲϲ赣ҲΪƫ裬Դһֱ䵭ҲգֻӱԽá
Ѭһֱû˵ԼʼһɣľħʱŮڿޣںĸףԽԽ˶ýѬƺЩħûû˿ɷæĶ׽ϲŮսѬΪħʱ˲Ӳûˡ
Ϊ֪Щ£ŻĿܣȴҪȥܣ赵Щ
ҪֵѾ췣˿ɹֿԹɺޣȸļҲֻǱ˲ٿضѣǿǧϽ£ǽϣ˵ʣԴûʧǧ꣬ѾȸѪԵϵˡ
ԴѾʼڽӴˣİŮЩ֪룬Ϊȸ壬ΪԼҪŮŮߵòףÿһ֪Ůȴȥ۰Ǹٵġ
̬ȼԴŵܱܵݻˣǸ˼
ѩٿһֳ򦣬Цһ峤ϲ嵶Ӱ
ԴʱӦæΪܵܿѡ
ͻȻڣ˵˾ȫûϵĻߵһ˿ȸ֮Ѿˡ
ԴûʲôӦȸĴϼҪĶˣǿȸѪ
Դ̵ЦˣûأҵĶҾˣǻˣλذɣǿ󣬱Ȼ𣬵ʱɱײϡ
Դ
ҲҲýˣ
Դôȸ֮ȸ֮Ҫδܸһ
ɵأǲҲȸĶҸóһĻ᣿
⻰û˸ӦôģɵеģûȨȸ֮ǴϳȡģȸǴϸȸ崦ǡ
ǵɫһ˿ûˣǳײƽɵҵϣǾҵģ˭Ҳҵҿǲ׵ģģչ󣬴ҺþۺɢǲԸ⣬һ綼֪ȸ廮֮¡
ԴףôͻѵֻΪӵһ仰ѵΪһ仰ҲҪ
ȸĳҲףصȸ壬ȸ嶼Ϊ𣬶׳ƳԺҲ¿ƯѵΪʲôء
һãȻ⣬ѩЩֻ뵽ԺõʲôȴûǰʲôһһãֻΪȡѪĹν飬ҪĸԸǾסļ
һɼǧ꣬Լ޷ƿصˣһõɣôٱνסġ
ϧЩˣûһΪĹ۹ˣҲա
Դͼ׷ȥ˵Щʲôѩٸ߳峤
ԴŲһ٣æתС
ѩ٣ȸҪӭȸҷȰһ䣬ĺãֻὫǱƳɳУ峤ҪŮҽ㣬úȥ˽ļǧ꾿ʲô㿴ˣҲΪβԸȸˡ
ֽ߿ֻ񣺡ô峤ǾĺãȥǣΪ̬һЩһ仰ˣҵǺ棬ôֵã
ѩ˵ֱƿˣһڻæϣ뿪˴ŵ˵ôʲôǡ
ѩһЦǴ̼أǺȥɡ
ȻѩߺԴԼȸڳϿ赵ĿԽԽ䣬ٴҲ֪δĻûôˡ
˽ѩٶѾźˣʮˣȫľȻǵ츳ԣΪѡ˸õĹû˷ַһЩʣԺҪõ࣬ǾƾԵʵȥȡ
ɵôһͨ鶼ƽϢ˽Щ콾Ӣÿڶ۳ʥǣͬʱҲʥʮһ
ѩҪҪȥԪ𣬵϶Ĵ𰸺󣬾ʱ˳ʥǣߴ˺üˣҪȥʱԨˡ
ʱʮ߶ʮɵðҹ鰡ɲ۸ˡ
ʮǼһ󣺡ʮ壬ԨԨСûĵġ
ѩЦĴչȥʮߵϲ䣺ʮˣ
СֶԽԽˣʮҲûƢֽƣȥȥȥȥأ
ѩӦһŻͷȥ˴
鶼ˣһѩٽŲĻصڴſڣǸƵ̨ϣʧһٶˣѩٽŲһ٣Ȼæܹȥ
ܽˣȷǰѩһ˵Ͻ˱סȥ˰ôòҶˣ
ԽˣǰٻЩҵĽ֮һѲʵεչ¶ķ
ڵİȴеķâǣǰİһԲϾ͸ɼܣڵİ˵ĸоһԲϾɱˡ
Ȼʴ䣬Ǹʧôڻˣѩٸ˵ıĴ
ƵĴǰӵȻǼá
ϧһĻʯԵʱԨУȴʮְۡ


124 
꣬һĻÿ
һ̾ʱԨƳһۣ·⣬һҪ㻹ʲô
½ȾЦŵⲻ黹ûһ»ûܵҪú˲аɣȻǻҪ˼Զ
ʱꡤ˼ҡԨǱഺСǣֿʲôþǳ½Ⱦһ˦ޱߵˡ
½Ⱦһôأ£̺ߣû½£Ȼˣ
ǻԽãԽź򰡡
ŵʱԨϢѩɿ˰ͷңȻŵʱԨϢԶˣӦҲûʲô£ѩҲûȥ׷ֽС԰̨һٶ굽ȥ˰
Ȼǵһƶδǰѩ˵Ĺ̨˵ͦȤĲιһһ߻شĻںˣҿ½ȾɣŶ½Ⱦˣҿ½Ⱦ񣬷򻹲֪ܻܲų
ѩپһ£½Ⱦһ𰡣
ͷȥ֮·ϣһֻ޴ĺޣһֻޡ
ѩ̲ס۵ǰʮľ޶ˣôѵİ
ܴһ֣ɼ޵ɱжѩһڲ¥˵ޣǻʮʱ˵һ̴ޣ̴Ϊʿڻͬλڣ̴һǧˣȫ
ʱСôµ£ŵǽи̡
⻹ҪϢ
ѩգգۣɻ󣺡ҵϢҵϢô𣿡
ƾϢޣҲ̫޵˰ɡ
Цƣһ壬һƬб㽫ֻ޸Իסˣ֪ޣûһս֮һ뺣оܣֻƺȨһ˲ףһԥ͸Ļᡣ
ҲǺޣԶʿںз㣬ΪٸЩ֮ӭսҲǴ򲻹ΪˣܻȥӭսǾ
˭֪ٺûüңòӳ޵ĲɱΧȴһ
ѩþ̾𣿡
ҡҡͷûǣɱķҺò״޲ɱдӳЩɥС
뵽£ұУЩɥ֮ʣ½ȾһնסҵĸһҲ˽Ҫ½Ⱦ׽٣Ľ磬ǻ
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ﾡܹȥ˰꣬ÿһն侪գһһþʵǲ֪£½ȾĶ㹻ǿһֱҲûʧڻþôյؾƾԼǱˡ
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ѩֱڰһˣ㲻ڻþ㿴ʵİ
ЦЦȻһ̧֣һƿɫҺ壺İ񡣡
ѩٽһƿ̵ˮ˹ҡһ£ģǺƯʲô
裬һƿ㹻
ѩæˮ˰ԼŰɣҷ£׾ܰ쵽֪ҪãԼ౸Щ
Цҡͷ֣ƿŻѩٵģ֪ɹѿⶫŸʺ㣬㵽˷ٽ㣬ôһԾɡ
ѩЦųսҵʱ㶼׷
ⲻǵЦҲһﻹˣ˫һأ̬ȻǿɲãؾΪδ٣ľ㹻ǿˣɸʲôǱһ˭ȷ񡣡
ѩҡͷҲŲҪҪģԨԨ˵ˣƳɣҲˣûҪִų񡣡
ѩٵͷǰʻˣһ̵İľԼǻˣһһؾ
ѩǧϵλ㻹𣿡
һ游㰲ġ
⻰ѩҲûֻŶһһΪ㲻ٳȥˡ
Ͼ㶼ûܻ
ҿ׽ٴ½Ⱦֿ׽٣ǹɾ޴ֱӽһͨ⽵£ǹ𡣡
ѩﹹһǸ棬ҡҡͷҼ⣬û١
һ˲䣬Һˣ޵һ׷ľʲô˵ţҪ׷ʲô
ܹҵԼ׷ǵȷһ˵£ȻɳΪԼ׷ĵ·ҲֻܵʹǿǾͻᱻѹᱻ۸᲻ﶼһȣ˶Ҫǿ˶ˡ
δؾҪ׷
԰ܹҵһԼҪᶨ·ѩĵģ֮ǰҪ˵һҸС
Цá
ģ˵õĻļż˵˸飬óһѴѩ٣ŻȥԼļҡ
ƽһѩһص޵㻶ıʱԨĻУԨԨ
ʱԨûڣѩپͰʱԨеֶһԣȻ˫ʱԨĿԨԨǲ֪Ǹи֮ǰ½ȾĴװʲô
ʱԨһ֣ڼ鶼ŵĺһֱ½Ⱦһô
ѩһֵĿʱԨ½ȾĶҸҪʲô
ʱԨۡ
ѩһ£ۣ½Ⱦ֪ˣ
ʱԨֲʲô˵¡
ѩٹͷԼָȦȦص̾˿һΪҸ֮СأǵСܣ֪ˡ
ʱԨһȥ
ˣϣǰ˱סͳ֮ǰݲľȥˣڿȷҪúһжˡ
ѩٿɲôˣֱ˫ֱסʱԨһ㶼ûʱԨĵ㣬ǰһſ˵Լһ£ԨԨ֪֪Ǹ˭İ½Ⱦ彫Ǵ𣿡
ʱԨϹʱѾʣԻᴦ
ϹŰǾǺǰˣȻʶǵ˵ǣѩҲͷˣſʱԨϵʱ̲ס˸ǷԸ˯
ԨԨô֪°ǰȥ𣿡
ʱԨԼͷϳ˻˾ȥ˯
ѩһǷ˫۷ʪ⣺֪
ʱԨûȥ֪
ͨļ֪
ֱӶѻ꣬Ȼݼһʣδ½ȾֱӲ鿴ʱ½Ⱦδ֪̫δĸֻԵ½Ⱦ˵ʲô¡
¶ΪãԴ鱦أе꣬һɽ²Ž˳
Ϣй󣬴ʿӵ浱Ҳ֮һϧıѾǷ֮˶ˣ֮⣬֣ҲϢ֮ͨ˴̽˳
ʱԨ֪⴦Σգ½ȾΪһ˵ҲɥУ½ȾͻȻӰ˵ҪȥҲڤڤעĻԵ
½ȾһöۣҲǸһݹؼʱĵƣȻۣܹЩ
ʱԨ˵ѩҲͲ׷ˣԨԨϾû֪һˡ
ѩʱԨ°ϲ˲䣺ԨԨ衣
þûкúݸˣģǷϵģģضûСݵ
軹ѩٽʮѩɳҺ˳Ҫۡ
ʱԨҪ󻹲١
Ҫ࣬ҲǴСͱݳģҲ֪ǴӰÿѩٶŬĳſƬʱԨһƬһƬϸµļ飬Ƭ²˳棬һѩֱʱԨ˯ĴСࡣ
һҹεѩڴϲһСڴϲȥģʮǸѩɳǺãÿƬϸĲ֣ĸоѩٳԼޱ
½Ⱦʱ򣬿ľǻڴϷС̶Цŵٲûˡ
һѩһ¾βͻûջأѾΣ
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ĿʲôȻǱϹ۵ıѽ
½ȾûѩҪҪȥڤ½ڤ½һ޴ıӣӵıȴ̤㣬ҴȥѰòã
ѩٽĿӶ鱦˻Ȼ½ȾΪʲô̤㣿
½ȾΪǱһֻħޣͣʱҰѱħ޷ӡסһȥӵ̱
ͥԺﶼڴЦʱԨǿһۡ
ѩ룬ҡҡͷǵ½ȾȥɣҴӦԨԨԼȥ˽棬˾ҪʵʵˣҪֻܳȥ
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ʱԨķ˰Ž´һѩҪȥǧꡣ
½Ⱦʹļ׵Ŀѩ٣ֲƽԼǲƭӦģ
˭˵ͱһطˣǲǧģҲ
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˵˶ѣȻҪСѩٴӦֲҪ½ȾͷʱԨǲʹ
һʱԨĿ⣬ʱѸŤͷѩٵԴǺðɣһΪϣѾˣµġ
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ݾ޴ʵԽܡ
ʱľԴԪƵŵٵĳ档
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ԪʱǱʯѪӰԾؿ־һ£ܿİôǰ߸ϵԪʱ˲ڵѹͻȻ;Ҳûôˡ
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һٺݵģԪǱ̧طģûȥֻһӶѣܱҪЩ
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鿴ΣΣ
ҪɱȴɱЩˣǵԷҲ޷𣿡
飺ԡ
Ԫǰɫѣͫ͵һæλңҺʱλǲʲô᣿
ЦˣûᣬԪǳﰡһѪĳﰡ
Ԫɫޱ䣬ǹɲŵľﻹûü¶˾ʹൽŤ
ò鶯֣ĻֱӴˣԪ죬˵Ҳ޷ˣס֣ɡ
ƴ磬һ޷û֧ŵ磬δֻҡ
ûԪУԪҲҪ
ȴһ׮£ɵĸԽӺڴǱ߻имѾͷر𵥴ɰڴˡ
ȻСǰУܵΪ϶ŮӣɰСãҪʲôˡ
صҲʼæµ½ȾҪȥڤ½ˣǽֹһУǰ½ȾЩ£ȫС
ǿ֮ǰ½Ⱦʱİ꾭飬ܿͽһӦ˳ˡ
û·ģѩҲʼʵʵΪĵһԴҪںͦ׵ġ
·ӹĺƽѩŬϾʱԨָ£һ㽫˳һմȾϢӡǣѩٻͦгɾ͸еġ
ڽϵһĨӡʱ龹ȻҪ׽ˡ


125 
н磬һ׽ٴɷ׽ٶ˵һ׽٣Ϊ˲ӰֻܳѰһƧ֮ء
춯ֱӴܳһꡣ
귢īü续ͦΣһĳ֮æ񣬹غһС
ѳʱԨüµѩ˻ۼ׽ټ£һ㣬ֱӳŷȥպü׼ȥӦ٣æһ飡
࣬˵ĸɾȴһ
תųѩ٣ٳСƽĿ
ÿһÿһ˿·ؼᣬÿһÿһЦưɫʶɣһļλĵ꣬Ѿ֪ĳôˡ
С鹪񣺡С
ѩٽһõķݵϣ׷һѣãɱ׽ٴˡ
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ЩѩԼģСʱȤһֱҶڻһ츳ȼƷ׷Ƿɵ׽Ҳã˲٣еĻһԵĸ飬黹ʣǺ滹Ըơ
ߵһѣõϣٶ඼Ӷࡣ
ԼֻʱΪѾֱӷˣʱԨΪѹסˣûɣ˵Ҫȵڶ۲ſԡ
һǧĵڶۻһ꣬һͳˣԨԨ˵ûۣϵ۲Ӳû׽٣ǷɻֱӴӷͨȥķ̨нᾭһЩд۲ӲЩдҲ۵ġ
ѾɵʵƳķȻҲܰ鿹סɵ׽١
ʱ䲻ˣϵ׵֮ƺĲˣ鲻ٵֱӷɳ
ߵͼ໥ű˴ˣ¶ǵĿŷԶ飬Ҫȥ²֪ص׽ٷΧ顣
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ѩ٣ǵɣķԵֵ׽ˡ
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Сɵ׽ٶܵ
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ҲЩ꣺ʦɽ٣ЩͨʿȻһ
ѩʱԨֱۣʱԨûˮҲڹע׽٣˳ɹȥİɣ
ʱԨû˵ֻƫͷѩٸܵʱԨĿ⣬˳Ŀ⿴Լֱ۵ĶЦϲ䣺ϲҰ㰡ƫҪƫҪҪҲҪ䣡
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ܻûεľûгóªģҲһЩ˶˼ǾѡһЩӲޣСʱūӡȻιϻεǿ仯γ˱ЩūսǿǿܻᱻΪսūսһ㵫κÿǻôͿʲôˡ
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פ㣬ܵ⴦̨ģֻɣûзˣȻһǧλ񣬵һûС
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βˣѩָһۣһûСһųֱ̂


126 
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ֻȸСʱԨ½Ҳ˽֪ģǲ˸ȸʲôϵǰķߣ뵽ȸ壬˸겻ѡ
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Դ½ֱȫϾϵҽҲһͬȸ壬Դλó峤֮λҲһͬ뿪ȸ壬ȥû֪ˣ˵ȥ𶨾ˣֻŮһЩҲ֪⴫Ǽ١
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Ȼͱ£Ű壬Լݣֻ˵ŵĵѣѵǴؼдһ
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ɫ˵ʱԨ˷С̨Źۿ֪Ϊμɴһƴ˷̨콵С̨ʺʱԨȣҲһȡߣǿ츫
ϱٵͷҿʵ̫һѾˣ̨ôױƵƫƫǴˣ֮ǰԴ²δ̫ģδǰǣȻСʸȡˡ
츫ǿǿ츫
һ綼֪칬Ŀ츫ǼٵˣĿ츫һֱӡڷ̨˵ڱʵĶˡ
뵽ٽͷѹøˣȫҿۺڳ̼ɫֻҪȥˣܵø츫ƫƫûȥܹ˭ֵ˭


127 
ǱҵĲᣬȻԼ̶ֱнƬǿЩֱӽ綼ˡ
ԱҲһЩҵǵʱڷ̨Χ۵Ϊͣûҳ
ֵ̫ˣ֮ǰֵļλҲ뵽칬Ȼֱ׳
ɢ˿츫Ϣֱ֮칬ѰۣڵҪ˵Ȼ˵϶Ҫ¸Ҳûϵ죬ҲԽ޴ңҪ£϶Ҫ۲Уʩѹˡ
һ۱µҼѩٲȴЩڷ̨ѯʹˣѩ˵մӷ̨ͷһֻɫӲŵºЩ·ۣ¿Ƿ죬Ѱʸ³ԵɵĲְɣҼѩһοǱŵòᣬβһأڳ鹬أ
æҲǸţѾȥˣֵöСǶ㱻һˣԴ³ҪԵɵġ
ʵ⻰ҾͷˣҾ͵۵Ľˡ
ЦӦһֵ̨ǿ츫
䱸ĿۣҲδȷѩٱڷ̨ζ岻ǽ磬ŵȣʱԨֲŽ򿪣ҿʱԨͬʱˣȥһѩٵҪˣƺҲ˳ִˣȻǿ츫
˵ҲƺĺõЦЦҲջһֱΪ츫칬û뵽ȻǱڷ̨£ϧ⿪츫̫ǿʺѩ٣ȻǰοһţβҲˣֻҼ̽Է̨ӰˣҲ֪᲻Ӱķ
۰ӰӰ
ӰӦԼ츫츫ˣؼһεĴû취ԭƵ˵ϣȥ˷ǣͲܵ潫츫ΪУⱾ칬
ѾʵóĶ츫жٶܻȡһ츫
ôʽ츫ʵƢͿսˣҪˣǳ޴档
˿ֻ΢ЦǶ˱˻ԣѪҲҪţ
˵꿴˵һ䣺칬ġ
˵һʶʲôʱһǴȵĸӵı飺ˣҲΪȶɣ۰ץץ֪˭ѩٱ̨ҰƤ
˵˦ˣۺЦͣҪָ׶ָ̣׶޲ϣ
칬ģ칬ִʼǿ츫Ǽٵģʲô£ô˵ĺŪһֱ̫ˣ
ҲĲ飬ǳЩµ˾˭
Ҳ̨֪ºأ˭뵽ǽƣ̨ͱˣҲ֪ǲǱˣҲҪʱ
»治˵̨ôҪĵطϷǺ£˭Ҳڱ˷ʱ£Ҳڷ̨֣Ҳ̨ôֻû˳ŷ̨֣ô츫ôڷ̨ӡȴû֪
±˵ˣ˴µһǰղѣ˭뵽칬Ŀ츫ȻǼٵģ˭뵽̨¾Ȼչգý¿ɵýˣôʧԼͷϣ̸ǵʧʧֻ»ۼǺϡ
˼ɽշһ飬ѩ˵ĵǲ࣬ɷѩٿû˵ʶʱ˼֣˵Ǻɷ
һɵǣΪȷɷԲһʱûǷ̨֣˭֪Ȼ󡣡
תͷۣϾȻɷۣ¿ɲС£ҿҪ̹ر죬ɷԴҵС
˵⻰ʱϸ۲۵ɫֻǣҲԵ⣬ҺǸɴͬʵ顣
ȥ磬˰ɣ磬Ҫ֤ģѩٴõľǳ鹬ĹƲŲסС׵ļݣر죬ס˻ûüߵģǰѾݵǼ½ȥģҲҪһһ׷顣
ʾѾ˳ҷǵµȷأЩ½ƻûü뿪ҲʲôԹԣһĹԹԵߣЩ˵Уиպñסûü뿪
αװѾɫˣû뵽ֵôѾֻ֮ĶԹˣԵҶûأֱӾҪ½㿪
ò׵Ȼҹȥ´򿪣ûȵ½磬ٴιˣһĻˡ
ͷȶ㿪Щұ֮ʱһֱֱԼҪܣȻ⼸˻ǳģѾˡ
ǸʲôץңǷſң
ֱӸ˽ΪʲôץȻΪȷǺǴŮӷųȥġ
ԭδػô˳ųʱ±鷢ֱǱ˵ģƫƫѩٵӴƺմȾһЩʱԨһֱ̽Ӱݣ˾
֤ȷ䣬ǻֱˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôշ˹ǸһͬǰȻ𣬶ʱ뵽˵ɹʱĹڣһʲôˣҲ໰վ󣬵۵С
Ҳû뵽ɷٵأ̨ѿĸԴֻǼǰһìܡ
һ뵽ΪŮӵĶʺ֮ģÿ츫ãһǻŭ޴й۵ɷ֮ﱾ֪ʷȶ죬ɷ˴Ļңط޷罻Ǳ㷣̨̣̣֮ԴΪ䣬Чȣ
̲סһۣѣǿɲֻǻɢ˺ѵɢ⴦ȻأҲЩˣ츫һ£潫Ĳᣬ̶ˡ
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ôôҲѵôȵĶԣɷ֮״ȷ̣֪մȾЩĺжء
ӦԼĻþǲþڻڷֵɫҰ׵Ůӣۻ˻ֱ֣ȥ̡
ôû뵽ԼȻһ³ʱ֪ˣˣεץûá
ϳʱ𿴵ƽֱϵ̵̨ϣ޷Ժлɢȥ˺ѵľʹϮԼжɵֻһδԼ˶һ̫ɵ̫ɵˡ
ɢ֮ʣΨһ뵽ˣȻǱ޵赣ΨһһΪݶб仯ˣȴɱˡ
Ѿü궼ûʲôĴˣ̨һ۵ǽи֣ڿ츫ȥǵȻǸи˵Ŀ
Ȼϣ츫ܹ黹칬츫칬ֻ֮û뵽칬ǼٵģĿ츫Ȼһֱӡڷ̨£Ҳù黹壬°칬вǡ
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˵Ǵȣ˵Ҳ˵ɣؿɲΪ۾ƵģԿ츫칬֮ҪأҸ˵ǲֵ칬ȥ
е˵ҲԣǻԵ۲̬ҪӦҲ飬ﻻǡ
ħĸȽϽãȻҪΪ˵кʻÿ츫Ϊ֮ʣ֮ף磬е壬óһ
⻰ˣĪתƵȥˡ
츫ȻӵڶʵҲһˣΪĵһԴ˵޵ıԴ֮޶ֻ˭ҲûĴ˵˵Դˡ
ûǺѯʣȻ˿ա
һܻʱռޣβ˱Դ֮Ϳɴ˴ʱıϣɴԽȥδβʧ˾ͻ̻صԭʱ䡣
ԴеԴʯܵһԴʯŤתʱա
뿴Ťת˼꼸ǧʱջصȥһȻǶµ£ԴΪһ
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⿪ٵصĿ츫ôʵڵڵڶһô翵ģ츫ҲͲ൱Ϊһˣ䵽ʵõĳʲôĶĶ
Կ츫עᱻʴӽԺ󣬿츫ҪΪ֮ˡ
ϸһ£Сʱֱ꣬صĽһ
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⻰ǱϿˣö˶ˣʱ£ɢӣΪΧڷ̨ǶЩΪʿҪʲôǷ񱦿ɵá
մչȥ͵֪Сڷ̨ˣûǾСôͱȥˣʱԨǰŵĸһλ˺̨氵Ľ磬λֲŰСȳ
ǻκһˣÿ츫ա
˵۲ΪĽ۾칬ջ£ǵһʱϵǻʲô£Ȼʶˣȴ칬δԻʧ֮ۡ
⻰ҲֻһЩСȦ͵͵̣ۣɲۡ
СȦӣ˵Ҳܿʹˣ۲ΪʧȥӦʱ˱۾뵽ĵһӡ󣬵⻰δ۵ĶУȻҲҴЩźģλߵ¹Լ˭Ұ⻰Ҵ
µһٴΪĽĶ󣬿Ľ˴˿һ㶼ġ
ʼʧȥβһǵӦѩֹס۴ޣӴޱڱĬĬᣬбȱһǵβͣһ۾һΡ
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æƺΨʱԨڳ鹬ſԼ㱻̵ˮû
뾡ӶѩٿģѩֻǱԼβͣһһµŲȱĵطһҲûа顣
Ļ̲סǲȻβȰɣ˾Ͳôˡ
ѩŵҡͷβȱһѾʱȰ˵ԼʵˣҪǱȣһֺô죬вУҽܲء
ûӦİһôȱֺˡ
ʱԨ˻ͷƣ⼸ռճڴϣԲȼֱԱߣͷۺһβͻָˣգٿȥ鹬Ҫˡ
ѩ۽ϻĿʱԨ¹⼸ôβͱڻ۵ġ
ôѩȷʵûսԶǱĺܺãһƬǻޱȾϸͻȻȱôһ飬ô̶ԽҲ
ʱԨԼӦʱ䣬ϾԺҪһ˳ȥһЩ£˽ܱĻܴᷢܲδζβͿޡ
ѩٶԼ˵ʱԨôβһӣ
ʱԨı̫棬ѩٷſβĵͷС㲻ϲ
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ѩٱסʱԨؿڣÿıϲ
ҪƯǣβǱҲҪرÿģȱһֻŵġ
ѩ˵ţ뵽βϵȱڣȱֻţȱһֺҲҪȱֺԨԨҲÿء
ʱԨҵϲôҪ
ѩ۽ϻĵͷҪģرҪ
ʱԨЦŵҪ˵ȱβҲϲ㻹𣿡
ѩ룬ޡ
ˣذ̲ס
ʱԨЦ˵˰죬ǸСްٿȥ綼֪Сβ;ˮ鹬ˡ
ѩ٣ұؽţ᲻ȱһֺ
β͵ʱžûˣŵʱβ;ûˣѩٺܻɣ˫Ⱦβģβȱһ飬ǲǽֺͻһôһ룬ѩٸӲұˣ
ʱԨȥԡ
ѩһһҪ
Ӧ죬׼С
ѩĵ۵˯ţʱԨƿıӣβͱıڻֻƯβȱʧһǣŵȷЩۡ
һдôϸ۵һСһ㻤ôģȻ֪Ƥⶼ۵ҩϣۺҲ³һ뵽ѩٻʱῴôһȱڣʱԨҲЩˡ
ԲµСӣʱԨȡһöɫƬǴȱϣеһ㽫ƬɢȥȻ¾ۼβȱڴƬ̺ȱʧһβ±β
ʱԨ˯֪޾ѩ٣ָü˵㣺Сް
ѩƺеʱԨڵķŲŲԭڻеβɿڴϻȦ˸¾𣬶ϰץסʱԨüĵ֣ѹ²˲䣬ﻹ߽һ֡
ʱԨ׵ҹɫУ߽ԨԨޱشĶС


128 
ǰտ޵̫ˣǹβͣҹ̲סںò׿һЩһ˯ĳ
һ˯ѣһ¾ȥβϵȱڣ˰춼ûҵβϵȱĶѩ۾β˹Ȼһβǰ
ѩٶʱ𣬱βͷȥĿ̲סβ˶ȷβͣҲǻָ˶ǱʲôճŲõģһӴӴԨԨԨԨҵβͳ
ʱԨͥԺ⣬ѩֱӴӴǶ˳ȥֱӼʱԨĻУβŸԨԨ㿴ҵβͳˣ
˵ŻʱԨĸǰϸְͻȻͳˡ
ʱԨһۣǱ޷ˣͳˡ
ѩٽβͷſЦʱԨϲ䣺ԨԨô쵽İ
ʱԨβͿ˿βԼˣʲô
ѩٽԼβ͸˻ʱԨȥһأβֱӱ˫ȣڲݵϲ˲ȣȷֺ˿Ӱ춼ûУŵ֪϶㣬ԨԨ㿴ҽֺҲúõģ
ʱԨββ˵ֲצ
ѩܵʱԨߣץۺ棺ԨԨ㵽ô쵽İʲ˵Ҫȶ۲ܳء
ʱԨ޵ĺܳԾͰ㳤ˡ
ָβͣĵѩٻΧʱԨתҼһ
ϵһǧҶڷڵˮлչţζһԿĵʱԨһڣҲԾһ˿̵ĻȣЦȻȿ
ʮҽˣѩæصóӰʮԼβͺˣβչʾʮ߿
Ѿصһҽеʮ龵һȺҽսսŸҽѧ伮Ѱβķ龵СʱСĵ໥һۣСβκˣǲǾͿԲ÷ˣ
ȷѩٵβκˣʮȻˣæʵôκõģ
ѩЦ۵ԨԨκõģ˯ŵʱ˯һβ;ͺˣ
ʮɹЦѩ˵˺һĻѯ⼸ûб۸Ͼ۵Ŀ츫۲Σ˵˼Ǻѩء
֪⼸վû뿪鹬ʮ˿ֶ߲ҪܣŹӰȻһһҽɵôҩ׹ǶѪ⣬ƸβôǾȻòһ취
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ѩٰҺãҺȥʱβͽǺھסˣҪѺھ˷̨棬β;Ͱװʧһˡ
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ѩһæù񹭣ǲôۼɼȻǸ˵ģҲֻ̫ƵĶˡ
ѩ̾˿аɣʱ׼ÿװΣҲ̫ʧ
̾ʱԨһѩŹ֣һд΢罫˵ķ˿һץѩٵ֣߾񹭣һöɣҶʱԨָ⣬ߵɼ
ѩæɣҶʹ̫֮ɼ󣬾Ȼ񹭡
ʱԨ֣⹭ΪǿʱҪ̫ͣ΢ࡣ
ѩվʱԨǰ棬Ϊ̫ʱԨ˵ʱ΢ͳɤ·һѩһʧŵĹɵ
ʱԨһס֣ס񹭣в֣ȴ˵ݵΣ˼ȥˣԼҪĶҲרġ
ѩٻæץеĹȻ΢΢ͷҪʱԨΪ̫ŤͷҲʱԨֻǱǼʱԨһ£ˣֻֽעŵĹϡ
ȻļСͶʱԨ׽ôˣǰҹʱԨĴ˯ѩٲûоòӦǷɣҶҪһȥˣһƬɣҶǲǾûˣ
ɣҶǲ٣ɷ˺ö岮ǣʣƬˣô棬ٲƴֵҲĲ𣬱ϾɣҶֲ龧û˻ȥժġ
ʱԨЦһСûˣһԡ
ʱԨô˵ѩپͷˣŬ漴һűȸղŻҪƯĽըǰ죬ҲڶĿĹʣ칬вפ㣬׷׺˭ڰշôǿĻ
˿ѩٸܵȴ񹭵һųʱ̾һǿ
ʱԨһ֣ղűѩٷųȥķɣҶֱ˻
ѩٿ˿ɣҶֿ˿񹭣ȻͷһֺõĿʱԨԨԨЩųȥҲջɣ÷ɣҶ
ʱԨһָüģһλҪôߡ
ѩЦʱԨϲߣҪ湻


129 
ֶʱԨ˵򵥵ÿ¯ѩͷֱ𽫷ɣҶһֿһЩ󷨣һǿĸϣʱһ֧
ѩҪĶʱԨδܹһ֧ô
ԼĴзʮŲͬЧõĲϣֱӸʮ֧
ѩſʱԨԱߵʯϣķüרעƽ޳ʮָÿˣǽȳƣӳ£ķ΢죬⣬͸һɵݡ
ѩϲʱԨ˿̵ģԼóԼϲʱŹӣٹööҲ塣
Щһںϣʹ½Ŀѩٽԣֱһ֧ƺ˲Ż
һ֧ǳͨ͸磬ΪͷϢ£΢
ѩټɴҿ𣿡
ʱԨһ
ѩæȡ𹭣޴󣬽ϣ̫֮ܵ¶ںϢһͱ֮ǰࡣ
ָһɣֱʣըһƯĻ
һ룬ųȥٴġ
ѩپϲؿʱԨԨԨҿ
˳֣ʱԨȥ棬׼ʣµļ֧
ѩкŻͷҪȥ칬޳ԣ칬ι޵ģһ޴޳޳ǿޣǰѩС칬ʱû˻ȥ޳棬ΪɣȥĻҲûˡ
ȥ֮ǰ뵽ղһЩΣʲȻǴȥٸԨԨǲϣȻ͵͵ƺͣԨԨϲȲ裬һˣѩٶƻˣҪڲĺϻһԼʱԨԨȲ
֮ŮģԴȥ飬˺ЩҲ㹻͸Сˡ
ֻҵʱǰ߹ǸɶڵϿޡ
һ߹æ˹ССū澰ɣū澲ãū澲£ǹùСū˵˵ûū澵Ĵū֪ˡ
ѩֻǳһۣȻһ֣ͷɵǽ¥ʱͦʺϾˣλ嶼һЩʣµģȻȥٸѾͷ
鹪һ񣺡лС
ѩٸ˶תߣڵϹŵһ۶ûٶ࿴ģСĻ浽ǰˣ浱Ƣþûô
ɫһףɫЩ̵ؿ顣
鲢δɫƽشӴȡѩٸļŽ˽УС˵ԣЩһùĵġ
ֻζƽϲĿʽЩҲʺϵԣԼ׽ˣСһִ󷽣ֻнˣ֪Сᡣ
һԿţ칬ô꣬ô᲻֪¥ʲôطһµȻı¥Ǻһöۣһ
С˼Щ鴦õģƺǸͷޱļзݣǵҲͬ½磬ǽա
ôһ룬Խڣʱ֪Ĺϵ˽ţͬ칬ʱǧ궼ڣΪδӣһֱ˵ġ
齫պúֿ鲢ɫȫղԽԼֱСԸ칬ǱţҪԸ⣬֮ȥߣҽĵһɻǵã
ۿ˵
˵һѡܶ࣬ѡˣǴģҲҪʱ˷ںϣҪδԼѡУ߳һܼȥ·Ҫȥ磬ҿԴȥȴǲˣȥ
޷ȥȥкãĲҪˣݺĵҡѡ칬
ֻǵ˵ͷҲã칬ҲϤ칬
˵ˣĨϵվǰķӣֻЩҲزȥˡ
ѩٽ޳Щ޼ܣһѽǽи˳֣ߵ¾ȥ¥˶ţ˵龧־ͽˣƴֵĺܡ
ǰѽ𹭱С޳գԭе˶ʱͲˣСĻǾûʲôϡˣ龧С˵ֻһ֣̫ĶǶҲв٣⹭򲻵ãС˾ˡ
ѩٻ޳ʱʵǴˣ̨ѾȹȥֻԴҲһʱվܲģѾ˳ȥµֻȽˡ
Ϊ츫ԭѩٸʱԨ𣬼񶼵˰Ҫһۿ츫ѩٻǲҪĺá
ȥǼææȥȻƵĻأ̫ӴǲδôˣԵЩ׸ԻȥǳȻҲһССйһ·Ҳʡ
س̵ٶȹѩٱʱԨѹĥӣ͵סģƫƫڰûаһ˼ͷԶˡ
֪ʲôĥʱԨƫҪʲôסҲǿֻһ΢̾ȥɣ֪סԼ¾ǡ
⻰һѩٵƨص˻ȥ
ӴŹǷʱһ޺ѩһеӶϣҵ˺üöӡ
޺ٴδѩæܵǶ⿴˿йһƬ޺ǴӺ´´ô߿ȥҲܿһֻ·˷ˣһҺ
üʿΧڸ߽ޣǼʿΪҲֻǵɣһʱ֣ҲѹŴ
ѩȴ˷ܵץʱԨԨԨ㣡쿴㣡
·Ķ޺֮ǰʱԨѾˣΪѩٰԣԸղʱԨüӰȥˡ
ѩ˷ܵİŴ¿һ߿һһ¿ˮЦˣ
ѩæͷʱԨ˵ͷǣ
ܽ㣬еΪϡй裬ÿһȡĹֻӤȭͷСһţȴԵʳԣеζ
µҲɶֲȣǣըһ
ѩٳԹһξ͵ˣȻҪԣ˰ȥ㲢ò׽ȷ¥ع㻹ҪѵãΪһڸ֮ʦ˲ƣÿͳԵĸϧϾԲˡ
ʱԨһ֣ڵϵӷɻУ֪ǳסˣѾȥץˣԺԡ
ѩȴԼĽ𹭵ܶԸ𣿡
ʱԨҲţȥԡ
ѩٶͷϣˣɲҪɱһΣ칬Щ޿ûЩҲóԣʱԨ׼ѩֱӴӴǶ˳ȥֱ·
һȺʿû뵽ôһֱȻȻûаߵĳ̶ȣҲɼ޵ɼǿɲöԸΪʿһ꣬һװ˵ҵ㣬ٴ뿪
˻ĵȴδʹȥǷɵգŬͼѹȥ
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ǸӲ磬鱦ڶ࣬ҲֵܵһǸղſڵٴȰ˵Ҫߡ
ζܽԼܣһڻƴأ׼游ı֮ʱϽһ⣬ݵһƿյǿֱ۾
һһֻըʧһĿֱӱ𣬴ˮзӿ޴Ծˮ󼸺Ʊհ޴޵ѹȸ˲ʱ
ڰյİȴ˿η壬һҫĿĽ֧ڹ֮ϣһƿյֱͷ­һĿҲС
ʹڰҡβ޴޿һţ֮ǰĺвͬһ޺·ľѹıѹɻæԼסѹ
ʶ̧ͷϿյ꣬ȴ˿δܵӰ죬֧ٴ𹭣һֱ޿С
֧޿ըʹ෭һ̴ھ޵һƬȻ֧൱ǿ󣬼ƿյиܵһ˿̫
·һʱЩˣǽĿ꣬սɫ󹭣ȴǷɣüɣ
˷λС
Ȼը˰ͣδɥڴʱ˹δٶٴγ˼ӰɵϢ
ɸмס㣬뺣⼸齣ֱӽļƿ
·˶ʱˣڳһڵʱȡǣ㣬ܴǶ֣Ѿ֤ǵ֮ˡ
ȻԷĿƺֻǣôҲǽǽȳһΣ
˻ŵλɵϿգѩٹ񣺡ƳӣлӾ֮
˳ȻǺÿݰ׵ģķﲻͬĶ࣬ЦǱһá
˳úÿ࿴۵ѩ٣֮壬Ǽβ
ʺβԺʵеð⣬Ƴ⣬ΪԸֻϲǾβ
뿴ĻԸչ¶β͵ģ·кö˿ţͻ˶ԷƳסˣֻһ˫۾ǰ꣬ƺôһ
Էÿ־ü۴ЦʱЦĿһ
ƳӦþһɣʼܿʱ˫Ҳ̲ס׷ŶԷʱ
ѩһ£βѽҵһβ
ʥҲкܶģβƺλܸߣ൱һС磬еĺΪĺĲ࣬ԼʽʥȻҲк壬޾β
ѩе뿴β͵ĺ굽ʲôģôССһֻβôקں治֪᲻ء
Ҳ֪Ϊĺ˵ˣð˽ģֻա
ƳԺƺᣬ΢΢˼֣׳ŵӣۺڴʹγƺ
ѩٵҽѩ١
ƳϸϸƷζһֺͻȻе죬΢㶺ԭСƳˡ
ŶԷôǺģβݵλͣΪСҲ̫СǵҪҿɷһ롣
ǼλֱȥȡǣȻСҪǰԣҪȥһ룬ҡҡͷлСĺ⣬˷Ƴ游ǰɽ񣬵Ҳ·ϵ顣
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ǸģƯ壬ƳҲúÿ˵ǻϵЦԽãֻǾͨÿѩ٣һӺʹĵҲЦˡ
ʱƲϷһ
Ƴһѩ̧һͷȻƳҼʱԨ氡
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ʱԨһ
ѩٻûͣǶߴߴ˵˵ҽѣ֮棬ҲûҲ֪˭һЩӦҴһЩԼֻܽ㣬ȴˣǿ϶ΪߣһûͱСѡ
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ȻֵĺԼٶȥһɽлСס룬ͷͱʥǣŴҹͣ׷ǡ


130 
Ƴ׺İ֣صŰݼʱԨҲ͸ʱԨİմӺϰ󣬰һת׼ġ
ֻһλֻյүү񣬵ΪӣƹݵλҲͬһɣλİʱԨҲҪֱӼһ
ֻֻСһɶ˶˵ûͼɴĵ⡣
ʱԨҲΪһֻӣֻǼ⼱ģⲻô䣺ѩףδ˼ԼԲԤҲĪ񡣡
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ʱԨڷУ澴ȥСʱƳ̲ס΢΢˿Һ׾游߳󣬶ҲǺϤǾҪڵ϶ˡ
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һͥԺѩٵЦƳҲԾĴЦԭϲһ˵ĸоֻЦ;Ҹ
澴λ֮ӽԺУѩ
ͥԺţŽأƯľӶų趯ǳУǸֱȴǣӵڻ䡣
ԷӰֵһ˲䣬ƳоҲݲ±ˡ
̤ԺУ۾ѩپת⳯Ƴ
ƳҲվԭأжЦ⡣
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ƳѩӣȻǸˣ֮Ӱ롣
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ʱԨֽƱϣľˮһƬҪ䣿ҲˣôҸһ
ô˵ԼͷأһڰСԧ졣
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ʱԨ˵½Ⱦŵǲ˭⡣
ԻлʱԨ΢üͷǾר϶Уѩײ֪£Ҳ
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ʱԨȻ֪޼գΪλҪ˷ʱͽˣ
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½Ⱦ˵ˣֻǳĬĿʱԨʱԨֱⳡ
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ʱԨͣ½Ų½Ⱦһһᰴ
ʱԨ͵һĿ۵ؿһֱƽıҲ仰ƣɫ½ȾļµΣա
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ڵ͸ᰴһסĲĵѩٵĳȴų¡
һʼѩپǲһģҲ׸ģҲһִģѡʲô·δԤͬѩٸʱ֪ϣСȴȻѩȥȥܣԴһԼɳ
ڣһģ㻹ѩ٣ѩԼȥն𣿡
ʱԨԼû𣬺ܶģģòһˡ
ʱԨɫɭĿ£дǰδеľ֮⣺Ӳˣʲô˵ˡ
½Ⱦҡҡͷ˵˽ܿ£˵½¡
׷꣬Զ裬ұѩӦѩĲͬǣ֪ǸжΣգ֪ҳĻһƬؼʱܱۣȥˡ
ѩ٣Ҳȥȥˣƽȴ꣬Ǹɴһͬȥߣ
Ƴ㲻⣬ҲϣֻվڳҪѩҸõģһǣ׼϶ǴڵģֻԼûʶԼȥ׼˲ģǱ񶨵ġ
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131 
½Ⱦ˵Ƿ֮󣬳ʱԨû֮ǰֱˣҪǽյʵҪʱԨĺӦҪ̲סҹضڤȥˡ
ŭܿ£񣬻Ǹ½Ⱦ
ߵʱԨҲûܣһֱصԺͥԺķӣ¾ĬãԺлص仰
ʱԨԼû𣬺ܶģģòһˡ
ʱԨΪߣȥƶѩٵδ
Ϊ׼ȥƶѩٵδϸϸƺȷˡ
ֻҪһƫͷʱԨܿ˯ڴߴϵˣǲÿҲ֪˿̴ϵ麨˯ģ뵽޳ȣѹϣɢ¶һؾݰߡ
´˿ͥԺ⣬Ҳܸܵǹѹϵϵ¶ȣԼʶ
СʱôСһţ̯֫Ҳռ˴϶ĵط߶ѵñ˻ߡ
Щѩһ㳤ѱΨζ͵͵ҴŲҲҪڰҹȡڻ
Ȼһ˯죬ؽ߿ס
ʱԨڻعЩ꣬Ǵʲôʱʼ仯ģ仯֣ΨоʱŴڣ»룬ȴѼǲ仯Ǻʱʼˡ
ǴӵߵҹǴЩ޾ϸķҲǴǹţҲͽġ
أĸֻþʤϣ鰮ʱԨѲ͸ˣֻѩٵĻУֻѩô׽ճԭţǾŰɣ㵱һǲˡ
ǧȥѩʱ뷨תԼû
һҹʱԨֻԼһ⣬ѩ˲һҲҪˣΡ
ʳʱԨһ޷Ƶɱ⡣
ƺ޷ѩٸκһߣԶ뿪ıˡ
ҲݲѩٽԱ׽ռеִƺӺѾˡ
һδйִˣͻȻִ൱µġ
ͨǱߣʻڲ죬ⶼҹˣҲ֪ǷʲôʱԨʱϵ
һͨʱԨպѩˡ
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ϾǺغ궴ѣܳɹĻͲɱҪһŭ
ԺŻǰ̽һ̽ʵ˼˳ҲҪʣ֪ģҲǺģίСܳɵĻ飬һУˡ
ʱԨ⻰ʵҲ侲ʱԨ˼ο
ʱԨȴǿʣ㲻ԣ
̾Сʱѩپ˵ԺҪҸӣҽ˲඼һȦΪѩλСЩ㺣ֻСô궼ûôǰЩʵĸ飬ôҲˣðһֻ꣬ƳǺҲƷԲԸͣѩٸһ𣬽Ȼᱻ۸Ҳίѩ١
һƪۣʱԨһ䣺㲻ԣ
ʵѩϲ󻹲ǵЭϲãȥɣӴˣҪȥԼģֻǶôҲôѩǱҲϸЩͻСֲܸ飬ֻûǸ˼ҲЩѩ¶ıƭˡ
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ʻʱԨһ飬Ͼһ飬ʱԨһ㾭鶼ûеģôҲйཻ֪ŮڵЩ£νǾḻˡ
ʱԨ飬žһ¹񾵡
ҡҡͷҲû룬һԸźٵ᲻壬޵ĴˮѣڻűˣİûһֵĹЩСӵġ
һԵҲ̾һգۣСôˡ
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ʱԨߴ΢˫ɨͦıǼ⣬˫ǱţԺҲʻ鶯˫ۣͣڶͷϣһǡ
һǺʱԨȷ룬еһж츲صĸı䡣
ʱԨڷһֱѩٴ˯ѩ֮ǰʧԭأ½ȾͥԺС
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ȻʱԨûڣȷһģƾʲô˱ˡ
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⻰½Ⱦŵģӱĺ۶ߵλģʲô
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һҹȥƳӦҲ侲ˣȵƳԺʱƳߵʰ
ѩٽŲ΢΢һ²ȥ
ѩ٣Ƴʶ¶ЦȻһ뵽Ϊ⣬ֱӱ룬ǲͬ־ǰ;ҳϵЦҲЩ
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ѩ٣׽ҺϲᣬΪ˵ǷȸǸҶ㲢δ˼
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Ƴ˰죬ֻ³һ䣺еġ
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λǲʺ㡣
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ԸЩƫˡʺС
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ѩٻص޵ʱԨˣɫƽһ¿Ȳ裬ûӣ˹ȥԨԨ
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ѩٵ˵ͷĴյʱԨԱߣãʱԨûнӿ˼ŽֻצӰʱԨֱϣԨԨǲˣ
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ȻѾԼҪģʱԨҲһδëͷСǰ㣬˭öԷвƽʣأģ
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½ȾڵʱԨⲻµͷۣȴǶʲ˼⻹ûأСѩٿɲܽҺˡ
ѩһ½ȾǲϲˣȻôͻȻںƺˡ
½Ⱦһѩٿĳغ͸ӣԼɵľ棬Ҳš


132 
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Ӷڤ˼գȷ齫½ľһݷĹֽӶڤ£½Ⱦȥ˳ʥǡ
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ҩģΪһֻɾ㲻ŬΪҲǻʱġ
ǰףܾøСߣԼΪܱ̫࣬϶ʵĿֻҪСʱϡ
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ᵽѩٻеźϧ½Ⱦ涼ˣƽ֮ҲˣȻһ뿴ϹʱڵǸʲôġ
Ҫȥˣ
ѩٵĻ䣬ʱԨͽŴ˹ѩһŤͷʱԨֱӷ˸ߴɣֱֱسʱԨ˹ȥԨԨ
ʱԨֽ̧˷һѣղסԼײˡ
˼ˣôղסȵĹʱԨϺѩЦ˫ؿôˣ㴫ңҾֱȥ
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ʱԨдЦĿ벻ȥ棿
һѩľˣһ㲻ŵĻɣȥ
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ԨԨʲôþֱαװˡ
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ʱԨСô㼲࣬ݲ衣
ѩٴӴְһһ·ͷʱԨ߶˳ȻһԵźæչȥĽʯ¯ףܺװȪˮĲֻȥòҶʱʱԨֱһƣ˵˶ٴΣҪֱ֣òС
Ȳѩֻýô࣬ʲôҪˮݿģǹԹ˲У̲סһ䣺ǵҪȥĶʲôĻ𣿡
ʱԨһ伴Ļ
κɾһ̵ģȵǣٻûΣȻͬһΪһֱ
һ仨ʱˣǣȴΣԻ֦ģֱӷǿԽɣֱӷɡ
ֻ⻨ԭһ֣ϹʱھѾصУʱػң䣬Ҳ䲻
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󣬻߿ŽӣӱǽĲֻ֮һһȷѪꡣ
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ϵ䣬ԭ죬һղһС꣬ճ
һߵҲģѩٵ·󣬰СԺΧŴ󺣺⡣
ʱԨҲ˳ѩָԶƲ΢΢ڵ̫ԨԨ㿴ĺչѹҪнչأɫ̫
ʱԨߵһԣҲ΢΢Զ硣
ѩæ˹ȥ
Ȼôû簡
ʱԨн磬ڵǸǶȿɡ
ѩɻܵʱԨһߣû˵硣
ǿ˿죬ֿ˿ʱԨǳǵʱԨڴϵ֣һèֱ굽ʱԨĻǰ漴ϲ
氡ҿֻԨԨվǶܿ
ʱԨЦɲô档


133 
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ʱԨԼߣֻקԼ䣬һ̧䣬˳ǣס֡
ѩһ㶣Ȼ̧ͷʱԨ˯ʱԨһ£¾ƽգʮΣθĶ٣ΪԨԨ˵ˣӾ͸ӵӣ红ͯʱһճ
һʼѩٵȷϰߣվҲҲã᲻ԾϿ
ʱ䣬öϰҲˣȷˣЩٶʱԨ˵Ҳ֪ˣҲͿסˣ棬ҲֻסһǶѡ
ʱԨǣסѩٻе졣
ʱԨǷǣҲϹʱھѾڵĹϳǳأЩطһЩ󷨣ҴȥĵطٶеΣգˡ
ѩæսʱԨ֣²һҲȥͲʱԨֱ۶ڻˡ
γҲûˣЩӰɺûһҪǸʱԨ߶ˣǾʣһˡ
ѩٳô󣬻δһɲܰԼˡ
ôӣѩ̲סǻ˾Ҳ𣿡
ʱԨǰ棬˭ôã㽫һ٣֪㹻ˡ
ѩ⻰ЦˣʣҪǴ򲻹ء
ʱԨ΢΢ƫͷһۣ͵͵㣬򲻹
ʱԨ⻰ѩ٣һЦһʱԨϲ䣬ԨԨЩһˣ˵ﲻһԽԽˣ
ȻǹųǣǽأҲ࣬ѩеֵĳʱԨʵǳôΪʲôôٰϹʱھʹڵĵطѵ˸Щ𣿡
ϹʱھѾڵĳǳأĳǽཨܿһЩʷ˵Ϲŵ̤һЩ򶷹ĺۼʱͻƸ򣬾΢һ˲䡣
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ʱԨΪ䣬û˷
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134 
ڴǷ˵ˣһʱ綢ڿ츫ϵĿⶼתһЩʹҲ۶ߵĻ⡣
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ϧȻڴǷһѰʿմȾײ̤ĹųǣҲֱ֪á
֪ǾȻɷҾ͸ȥţܹĦһҲǺõģɽڳٳ޷ͻƣҲ֪ǷɵԵˡ
һɣԴ޷䣬ӦǴ˰ɣ
Ѿ䲻ǽԶʿҲֻΧ۸֣ӱһӾá
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Ǽò״һ޿ɱʿֱΧýӣ˵ΧǵʿЩ̽ǵĴ
˽˲Ʋô˲̽ǾУһ׷ս
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һؼµĺ죬մȾʱԨµİףŨ޵ײôѩٵϡ
Ҳصѹǿ̫ԼǰʱԨеκģصеɱ¾֮⡣
һѩеʱԨвȾףһɣԡѪԶ֮еһɼ׵Ŀ


135 
ⲢѩٵһθԨԨһ裬ܼͻһһأЩطƬû˰æצЩطѻѩô̶ôƬ޹أȻվҪԨԨһݸ衣
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ͨһѪˮҪǱֻֽסˣ׼һͷԽȥ
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Ҳûˣѩٸɴʹһܱɿ΢΢΢һǴƬ⣬ϵһűϵ飬ɨȥһĻȣ
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ЩòÿģȥƳɾɳĿ档
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ȽĿ֮ĵط޶ͺˣѩٻûӰ׵鱦Ŀ㣬̲ס档
׼ǵԼӦԨԨĻʵʵĻصѪرߡ
ԳԺȺ˯˼ԨԨûѩ̲סܹȥСʱԨߵҳȥʲôұ֤ܻ鷳㲻˵Ҿ͵Ӧ˰Ҹ˵ˣ֮󣬿ɲܸ
ѩ˵̽ߣֱߵ˽ԵһͷĿʱԨû׷Ҳûкȥ¸ҵ̤˽ţ߳˽硣
߳һ˲䣬붨еʱԨ΢΢һ㶼Ͳס
滹صѪѩһ߽䱸ܣһɨʽĲժ
Щ黨˵ϣһЩʯڵķ϶ҲУѩٲٿһҹߣֵĶҹյĶһ·ţʯڵѪժˡ
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ѩæֺõĽֻצӰʱԨϣ˵ԨԨ˺öö౦ȫѽ~
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136 
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ʱԨĻѩٴһﱾһѪݣҲ֪Ǻʱժȥϧˡ


137 
ʱԨĻѩ𾪵ľþ޷ֽŶˣӲתͷȥʱԨϧʲôϧǸݳˣ˳𣿡
һͱˣǱԨԨˣ
ʱԨЦһӦǱѪһѪͬԸϧѪݶҪ󼫸ߣڴ˵شȻǴ˵ʺĶóȻƶ·ʱұ㽫Ѫݴˡ
Ȼʱǧ꣬ʱԨܼǵãʱ·˵أһ˿΢ֻЩӣմȾһЩϢһʱֱ治ֻģʶɨûȴһɢĽ硣
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ʱԨҲִǳ󣬶ȤԽˣʱ֪ΪΣʹµɨȥһ㱡Ľ硣
ѪݶԻҪ󼫸ߣʱѪȻѪϢƺǱѪ޼֧ҲʮֵˣҲΪʱԨŶ˴ߵ뷨ΪһѪݽϵһ˿ǵĻԵ
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ȫ֪ʱԨʲôѩһɨż׺ݵسӹڵĵطȥɹǣǳˣ


138 
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ѩٴɨһۣϺõƣһڰ꣬ˡ
СʱԨԨùһʱƣΪʱһ崫У겻ȣٲһЩϵ٣Щϧ
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ΪΨһķΨѹõĻ𱬷û硣


139 
쾧ҵǷΪûȷе֤ݣֻĶȥ²⣬ϵĽ硣
ھҲ̲ס̾ע츫Ҫ塣
üͷҪÿ츫Ҫλֺ칬ҵǶҪȥģ粻ˡ
ϪϵħħңħѲӰ죬ħǰһͬ顣
ʿϪƳһ»鷳͹䣬ԺҴһ⣬Ķǰȥ֮һ֮ʱڣܶԹ֮ڷˣ¹ЩһֱڶԸ壬ģֽѩķʽ磬¹Ȼ칬ȥ
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ھ񣬵Ҳϵͼ֤滻뵱۸ִʱһҪһƬ죬˵ļλˣۣΨӦ֤¶Ȼ޷ˡ
˵֮ҹһľ飬һηӦ죬׷״Ѷظ򣬵ʱӦԡ
ħȽ٣һλȥ˹֮ȥħʣλɵħλħ磬ʱжԼһͬȥ칬
ֱ࣬ӽ죬˵ʵĴţֿһᰴ࣬ﻹס״غ񼴿̶칬
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ɴ۾⻹ˣ⻹ˣʵôչӵģӶҪˣ


141 
ըһհˣʲôûü룬ǰ־׼ѩٴʱԨĻ
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ĿǰûУԺǾδˣܶ˿ıȵҪοһټʱԨǺڵеĹ⣬¹̫ϤˣʫмҲᰴм


142 
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ʮ߹Цţ㻹ǺСưɡ
ѩٲһڵʮߵľƱۺһ˲ܿص΢΢һܵĶȴһ϶ůԴҲģҲĪЩĵĸо
죬ɼ趯ڵĽ̸ţѩ̲סЦðҪ˶ڣǾ͸ˡ
ôһ룬ͻȻЩѹˣתͷֳʮȥҪǸúȵĶոպ֮ͻȻͿˣҪٿһ¡
ѩʪӶţһһʮ廹Ҫʮָ߱һ
ʱԨɨ˹кζʱԨѵôͬβЩⱭҾ㡣
ʱԨջĿ⣬ٱʾ⣬һˮ
ûʶԼ˴ʮ߼ѩɢ˭Ц֪ˣҲ޷˯죬һڵǽӴսצò׿ٳ󣬽λϴ
ٶȻȥˡ
ѩãؿͷЩˣȥɢˣ
Ƕ໥ٱȻûɢǰ볡ҲûʲôǣɢˣԻȥ˯ˡ
ѩ˯ת˸ͷȻһ¾ͿʱԨ漴۾һҹһˢһ¾ԨԨ
һԨԨѩ°ֱӴǰİ˹ȥŲģ趯輧æ˿һСײС
ѩȴȫעⲻֻʱԨǶ޹˼ɵسʱԨ˹ȥҪ˯ǾҪԨԨˡ
ʱԨһ죬ûѩپͱһ˶ʱһ˾ʱԨĻС


143 
˼ɵĳǰûĿƣʵ˻룬ϾСѩپճʱԨģ˾ƣͷճ˵ԡ
ɱ֮ٿĳôʱԨϲ⣡
ѩֱֱʱԨֱʱԨൽԼ˲䣬˫Ŀڵһð
һûסֱ˾Ʊ
Ϫһ⣬˵£治ˡ
Ψʮûʶ⻭滹һֿܣֻΪѩճʱԨǹɾַˣĵǰȥ
òЩС̶ռסҹҲδ˵ҪʱԨǶôһԭأһʱԨʲôճģ
˹ȥʮ־Ҫ˶ʱԨеѩѩ٣Ȼȥˣˡ
ѩƿֺתͷ§ʱԨĲҡͷҪԨԨ
˵ŻʱԨĲϣҲţžϢʱԨĲ䣬ʱԨò΢΢ؿסѩٵֹҶ
һıḧţͷճˣһ˿ײĵƣ˶٣
ѩٶ˵ģȻʱԨĻתߺҪϰ֣ͼꡣ
Ҫô˿ţʶϽˣѩٺʲôƣͨľƶûȹ㾹Ȼι𣡻ѩȻȥ
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ʮæ˫ϣҪѩֱӱߣһ£ѩȫϾһˣ΢㣬ѩٻصʱԨճĸˡ
ȥֱǰǿӲ˱ߣûеɽģôʱԨĻ֪ռ˶ٱˡ
ȻһʱԨ̧һһȽȦ˼֣˵һϣΧ˲ͱˡ
ֵ֪ʱͣЩɼСĵ˿һɽС
еգԭδע⵽Ҳɵؿ˹Ҳû룬ֵ˺һƵСֻΪˡ
Щֲ´룬ҪǾͺÿˣô꣬ôһСӶôˣҲûһΡ
ϰΪѩٻʱԨĻĺѱ֤Լ֡
ʱԨɫֱ˫ȴһ˿ΣյϢһ־棬һȨʾ
ΧʵЩڽˣԭϷ񶼸ڰɣѵĻΪѩٵĹ֣
ҲǸƢģͬɲʱԨ˵ڴֻǰһѹļϣѩٺˣʱԨȴѩȥϢɡ
ʶʱԨеģʱԨԲһѩٺʲôˣµʱԨ϶֣ѩôճֻʱԨȴ˵
Ϣ֣ѩٶʱ°͸ʱԨļϣ¶һĨЦҪ˯ԨԨһ𡣡
ھȻ̫ղΪλһĽУʱԨ屾Ͳ̫ЩҲֻΪ΢гһЩ̶ŵƢˣæҪյԲѩĿɲᣬʱԨȴȥɣȺϹͷɾڡ
ʱԨѩֱӴᱧ˵ͷʾ׼볡
ѩȵ£ҲҲߣҪԨԨһҪԨԨ
ʱԨεؿڣѩ٣ҡ
ѩǰӰ￴壬ϤϢҲϤ룬˺ԨԨʱڣԹʱԨĻвˡ
̲סЦŵСѩǣСճʱԨǰû䣬ôСһֻ·ܲȵҡҡλεһʱԨճڳˣôճ˵ӡ
ѩŤԴŬ˵ˣϧ̫壬ʱԨĲӣɱȴҪճģԨԨͯϱҪճš
˻һ
ղ˵һȣƱֹ䵽˵ϣ·˵ϡ
¹һûסԼǺĿ˼
ڳģʲô˶ʶһͳҰĶһֱûסŤͷе𾪺Ρ
ͯϱСʱԨ
ȻѾò̫Ҫ˯ˣǻ̲סԼǲû˯ѡ
ʱԨûסصͷˣߵĲֱӶסͣԭء
ȫ֪Լ˵ʲôѩٸоԼе³ܵµȥʱԨĲ
ǣиղǻ̼ʮ͵صɴ۾ѩ٣ں˵˵ʲô˭Щ
ʮֱըˣʲôͯϱͯϱĴ󱦱ʲôʱ˱˵ͯϱʱԨģ
ֱ̣
ٿڰʱԨеˣʮ붼û룬ֱӳȥҪѩٸ
ʱԨֱһֱӽʮߵˡ
ҲһˣǰòŸ֪ʱԨǼС̶ͼ죬쾹Ȼôһ˵ۣ˵ʮˣҪȥȰѩ˵
ھĲܲæǰͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɣѩŶ󣬶ʲôǲ֪Ķģ˵ء
æӦͣԺɲܸѩҺˣѺġ
Ǻ˲٣ϽȥϢɡ
˵Ļ棬档
һһͼȥŴӷɵ״̬عȻһһߴԼѩٻСȻǺ˵ġ
ȴŭˣŭʱԨѩٵģ
ôԵһ̶ôԼʱԨͯϱ֪ⶨȻǱ˹ģʱԨʲôģǴʲôʱʼĲģ
Ǹ𣡣
ϪҲסˣһˤƱվѩǸĸˣأѪԵʫͬ壬ǸѩѪ׹ϵ壡
ѩٻгأǵպ壡
ʱԨŭ𣬵ͷѩʱ۵׷ӿŸӣƵΪʲô˵Լͯϱ
̫߰ˣһΪѩٵĶߣˣ룬Ҫ歽㣬֮Ҫġ
һ˵Ŀˢˢ歡
죬ΪȻҲˣֻҪĵطǿ϶Ǹ歵ģѩ⻰ֱӽԭúߵ歾ֱ
޹˫۵ɵޱȵĴҪ֪ʵʵʶľûžܣЩ칬УǹԵĲˣûġ
Ϊһοƽƽǰµߣôٱϸôһڹԩԩ
ʹϪðŻ۾Ǻ޲ҪĿ⣬ֱ㣬һо涼Ȳԩʲô
ᣬѩٰѩ٣˺öö㣬أ
ŭ正
ק·ŵòðͷҵ°ңҴûиѩ˵ʲô
æ歵Ȼ´СƺķΧ֮ڣһΣ涼Щǰڣ֪ܱܲ歵С
弸λŭҲ̲ס¶˶λ
滹ûҪôΪ歿ѣѩ΢ͷʮ˵ģ֮Ҫ歽Ҫġ
һ˵꣬ѩ̲ס˸ǷʱԨᱧŵԴֱҲƲסֱӻ˯˹ȥ
ʱԨһѩٵԴȻȿԼĻУתˣĿɨ۶ʯʮߣһزѩˣȴȥˡ
˵ֱ꣬Ӵ뿪˴
һûȥʱԨΪưˣʱԨĲպ壬ԴͷȻԼˣ
˿̵Ĵţҳ´ùͷ
Щʦɼѻֵ̿ܶԶԶˣһŭǿɳܲһ˿ġ
ԭ̵ʣʼ˹һ۵һߵʮߣǻ˵
ʮ߻ûѩٰԼʱԨͯϱ֪лͻȻ¼ԼԼҲµЩ֪룺ҡ񡭡
ضĶϵǶð˳ţ˵û˵
ʮ߼״ŵ۶޲ըˣϣֱӰȾܡ
ŭʮߣ˶㿴β㣡
ʮһһ໽У侲⣬ᣡ϶ᣡ
һеĸԴȻΪʮߣ
粽׷˳ȥʺ
С䣬ոǱŵĲᰡС໹ͨͨ
潫ѹ˻ȥʾⲻҪҶȻԼ佫
Ȼʮ߶𣬵ⲻὫʵŭǣʱСĲҪðͷĶȽϺá
ҹ死ȥڣǾ̤ذ벽
ʮѾܣں׷СӾǴСˣŻ˲ŵβݵԣ´Ҫȥ
ʮֱ߱У壡
ʶûˣԸûôϻģʮ߻ģı˦ĸˣҽ첻һ֪ʲô
߻ûأҲ׷˳
ʮһʵˣôҲ壬ôǾͲһˣŵʮֱӻһֱӷߣܳȥ˵ͷϲᱻǵһ۵ġ
Ȼһɣβ;ͱһɫסˣʮ߻ͷһⲻ۵
񸿶ˣҪ
ؼ񸿻˽Գͳȥģ
׷¹ۼǶˣ¹æʻ飬ѩƲŻ˵⻰֪ΪĹϵʮ屻˽ѵֻ»𡣡
ʮͷǾǣ侲侲ʹ̶ϰ
һ⻹ð죬Ǿʹı濴Уöһȣô
ô˵βϵ񸿻Ǹɵˣһɵʮ͵һ´˳ȥ
ʺϪֱȭͷ׷ȥ˶Ϊˣܿһ㣬첻ϴֻ»Լǵ괳ŵأ
ĸѩٹ֪˭ãƫʱԨԺʱԨãǴ򶼲һùֱˣ
һʮ߱໽УһʱԨ˯ŵѩų鹬ȥ
˯İȣȵϢỺľѴһеĵطҲ֪ʲôʱʼȻӦһϢռ
ǾԨԨͯϱʱԨ̲סǡ
¹ӰʱԨüۣҲ֮һ˯գһƬ¾á
һ·߻س鹬޵΢δƣ˴¹⣬ֻмűѩٷڷӣϵҹɢ͵ĹΡ
˯˱ŵϺԺһգʵ۾ƺһǰˣȷˣЦͷһ庰ԨԨ
ʱԨһ˲ҲͷЦţСͯϱ
ѩЦֺһԨԨ
ʱԨָḧüۣڡ
ѩ˯һᣬ˾оˣǰʱԨֱͼϲ
ʱԨˤ´ȥ־ˣ˯ˣ
ѩʱԨֿҪġ
ѩ˵ţ˿Լ֣ԼָͷһʱԨǰ뵽ʲôһΣҪΡ
˵ֽʱԨָһԨԨһΡ
ʱԨЦŽ˼ҾΣҪΣһΣҲҪһΣ
ѩĵͷţҪġ
ʱԨŬŵָͷסŻԼģѩٸңϲϲʱԨ𣿡
ѩһʱԨ־ЦۣԥصͷϲԨԨ
ʱԨжϲ
ѩͷ룬ſֻ˸ܻΧôôϲ
˫ӣʱԨ̧֣΢ָỮѩٵģָ죬ʮָգ΢һͷһǣ£ıǼϣҲϲϲѩ١
ѩٴСͱ§űţֻʱԨʱ򣬱׹ĵطͻģһƬԺıȴܸܵĿʱԨ˫Ϊʲôֻء
ſţѩҪȥֱסˣһֱͷȥҪԷﵽʲôĶ
⣬һշڶһ׷Ʋ磬սҡ
ʱԨſѩٵ֣ѩ΢΢Ҫ˿ʱֱס˿ԼĻУǳֹǡ
޾ѩͷԵģʱԨһ˫΢ó˵
һʴƲԼֳ˽Ӱ׷޴ӣַƲء
ʱԨţֿȡ˷źԷƽ˴ϡ
һǰδй飬ѩգˮɵ۾ţţһ̧֣˵ָסһƬǵѣУٴα۾
ѩٵϢƽžٴкʱԨḧ΢ĴϣĨȥʪ΢ŵ㲻ģһ㡣
ʲôϲʲôǰ


144 
ʮжңһҹûͣо
꣬λҲĶ簡뵱칬һ䶼ָģڣ׷Ŵһҹ
һ뵽ΪĴ䣬ζԼ⣬־һٴͦõġ
𾪵Ĳʮߺѩ٣ʱԨ̬ȣʱԨ弸λĽ֣ѩٱʱ΢飬ûˡ
һأǲù
칬еʮ߿Ĺڴ룬ͷ۵ĿѩʱŶ㣬͸˵Щ
ʮҲڰڵĸƢ۵ģеŮ棬Ҿ΢˵˵˭Ͱ仰ȥˡ
أôһ̶ȻΪԼĵһ仰װ͵ʱԨУء߶ǧģôҪˣ˭ܶʹ
Ϫʣô죿
һԵô죬Ȱѩٴߣ˼
ʮͷʣҪǾأ
ŭĿӣٰһ٣
ʮ̾칬͹Ϫ绹һأһ͵͵߶һ㣬ҪȻƤģҲȺŹ
ΪʱԨι˽ƵҩѩٲδΪƶ˯գڶˣʵ˯ߣһ;ޱɣƺƺƮƮȻϣڴϲ
ʱԨŽʪǰѩٻΪ˷˳֣һŤͷ¶һ
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칬ﻹʲôûдѩ٣ͻȻʱԨѩ٣þ֮ǲǱҪ
ѩֵĿȻҪԵˣĶһ£һ£ܻΪһ̸һοտվ˶ˣڿտҲղ
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ѩæðһͷǣˣͯϱҪˣ
ʱԨװǵҾҪǿˡ
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145 
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146 
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147 
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ѩŤͷһտ˶Էϲڣͱ˺ԥʮָɴĶ˳ȥ
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ѩٱ񿴵궼ŲʱԨδ񿴹ģģ谮ģȵģΨûйǿɱġ
ҲǱ֪ܵǲ˺ԨԨѩٲɱ⣬һʱ޷ǹĲԼʱԨδѹ
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ʱԨֻǿһۣӵ󣬳ɽԱߵϪˮȥҲԱ߻˿ţֱȥ߽ˮУϴϵѪȡ
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ܾԨԨΪ㲻ȣЩҲᱻԨԨɱˣȲȶıδҪǸԨԨԼݣԨԨȥɵĺƽ٣ǾǸıѾ£
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˵еȷѪҲǼ֤ʷˣ


148 
ߺܿ죬Ϊ׵һһŮȴһڻ֡
ѩ̧һɨɻĽǶɽʿΪ׵һһŮҲǶɽٴԲΪ
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ʱԨܾںҪھ԰ȫĻ£Сףû취ȫΣǿŰţһ󷨷ҲӴͳϸѡ
ʱԨܾĻԥƬ̺󣬻ȥһУһֲ䲻
ѩٴ߶ӿٶȣ·ڿʺأֱɵ˺ϣѩ۾һȥ
ʱԨӦѩٲһͷ˺УǱ뺣׺ѩٽй˳⹬ֻǻÿڻн磬ܷҲء
ͣ˹ڣѩʱԨȥ˹ңз󷨣ں϶ȫĽҲˣѰ̽Ҳ̽úںϣ㾡ܷģȥһЩ󷨣Էһб޻
ѩٰźúת׼ȥ󷨣ȴʱԨһס
ѩתͷôˣ
ʱԨɿ֣ɫв⣺Ϊʲôôã
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ѩЦΪԨԨѽ
ѩ˵˳ȥһͷˮ벻׵ʱԨ
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ȫ׼ѩ»صʱԨѾʼںˡ
׷ĶͻȻʧòвʣҲ֪ԷǶ㵽ȥˡ
󲿷˸ʱԨ޷Ǽ⣬ҲˣȻҲὫеʱ䶼棬䲻ڴùģȴҲδٽ·ͷλϡ
һңΪʧĿֱ꣬ȥ¥ͣҧʱԨŲֻΪ𣬻ҼһӣɥʱԨУѪ𣬱ȻҪϧκδۣ
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׷ĿҲû̽½ظΣգе޾޶࣬ǺޣȻǰС
ǳǳ̽һδʵǲǱȥֻȥҡ
ʱԨȵںҽҲĲ֮ųء
ʱԨһͼѩ޵УŸεķϺ˵ĻζţһɫţһЦ۵غһԨԨ
ʱԨ̫Ӧ׽飬ֻһ￪ʼŸлĻҪô˵˼ҽΪٲʶôҲǳˡ
ڣѩپʹŽ˹ҿںϵ𡣡
лĻѾ֯ߣȴԷһû˵˻ȥʱԨΣҲ˵ʲôˣٻ
ɫĻ汻ʱԨںϺ󣬴ӻ״ʱԨģʱԨһƻβǺÿ
ѩʱԨֱۣҲ㿴
ʱԨŤͷѩٽһ߶üĵӡǱ¶˳
ʱԨһ㶣˿üĵӡǣֿԼĵ𣬾Ȼһ̬
ѩЦջӡǣһµʱԨܿˡ
ѩٹЦĵ˴ϣԨԨʵ̫˼ˣȻоԼȥ˵ᱻͻȻһμԨԨ򣬵û취ûԺֻҲûĻˡ
źڵЦʱԨȻʮĪȴҲرЦ
˲δں״̫ãѩٲ֪ǹ֧ζûʧпܺܿҪȥˣҪڻȥ֮ǰᰴʱԨѾںϺ󣬱̷ɳɽķȥ
½ɽ൱ңԶڵ½ǺƫԶߵĵط˵ˣִͿ纣۶ûУѩʲķᣬҪĹߣԼзۣȥĶУ·ҪЩʱ䡣
ΪȷԼʲôʱʧѩҲ˼ᰴ׼֮ǰʱԨںʱѩٽԼĴһûմȾϢ鱦ȫ˳װ˴
ȻװⴢĽ֣صؽʱԨţʲôʱ򿪣ʱ֪ˡ
ʱԨʲôת֮
ѩٽʱԨһ˵ʱ򿪾֪ˣܾ
ʱԨҲû룬ֻÿʲô£תʲôˣҲˡ
ɹ˺˵ĳǳأһ̤ǳأѩԲĿ⣬ʶʱԨ
ʱԨԶֱѾʼת䱸ѩٴԺƲҷֿܡ
ѩ٣ģڣֺ
ʱԨ
ѩ˵ֵ㱧ҡ
ʱԨĿس˹ȥڣѩٴߴٵ㣬ң㣡
ʱԨȻ⣬ӴЩʱգ˲δ׳£ԥƬ̣ʱԨѡ
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ѩûϷʱԨϷһʱˬȥһٴܲˡ
ʱԨסѩ̧־Ͷһѵıѷ˵ӵıըܵ˲ͶǱܵķ
ѩپͳһϢʱ䣬˺һŴͷһֽץʱԨ§ֱۣ´ʱԨֿˡ
գۼʧԭأ˼ҵ׷ḻҲóͷ˳֮ǰͷʹùĲϢ׷ȥ
ѩٴʱԨԶĴ֮ûͣǺͣЪٴ˺ѴͷһʹŴͷԽ˽ǳزͣ
Ϊѩٵˣ˽ͣ˵ĴβǼˡ
һ˵ĵطѩֶŻΧֱһӴȡһ֭ԵҩָǸϲ֭
ʱԨû뵽˷ֺȻˣĹ󣬱ȡ齣һԡ
רĵĽ䱸ܣǹϸ㣬ָͱǼþòɢʵ޷
ѩ΢Ϣô˵ֺİɡ
ʱԨŴͷ̫ݳˣһǡ
ѩ٣˭֪жˣȻǶˣ˵ʲô֣Ǻ׳Կģ˵һֵ𣿡
ʱԨǻǻҵˡ
ѩ٣ңҸг𣿡
ʱԨΪ𣬻ҵĶҵϡ
ʱԨ˵ʱһֱڿѩ٣ȻҲ֪ԼΪд˾٣ȴܵעѩٵı顣
ȻѩֻɻҺ𣿡
ʱԨһλ档
ѩ°ͣαװȥ¸ǳشǴСϵģȥһˡ
ʱԨֱӾܾˣˡ
ѩ٣ȥ̽һ̽ܲбĽⷨûУһǵģ
Сϵʵ̫ˣ·ңҲˣ˭Ҫ۸ȫ嶼ȥѩûûҵΪʲôԡ
Ի⣬֮ǰҲԨԨһ׮鷳ܻ⣬Ǿ͸ƾˣܺùԨԨһ˱׷ɱ


149 
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ϸ鿴ԨԨϣûбʲô׷ӡǣֻҪڲϢܰԼˡ
Ϊʱڵ֣ϵ׼˺ܶࡣ
ѩʱԨԼһʽ¶任ǲҪ·ˣֽŵʱԨͷϣԭɳ˲ͨƽˡ
۾ѩٻһϳԨԨģΪα任ǺѸıġ
ںԨԨѩһԼͱС׵ģк壬ǲҪϢĶ
ԨԨҪѩڴ﷭˺һҵһСĴָϸ񻷣ֻж̶һأ߱Ҳһĺһ
ѩʱԨַǳǿƵظãȻתͷÿ
ʱԨԼϵĶûƣҲ˳ǳء
ѩһ֣ˢһ£ʮöƾͱ˳
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Լ鷳׷ɱɱ˾ǣ뽫鷳ߵˣԾѩٰŪˡ
׼֮ѩóһֻ޴ʱԨȥһǳء
ڵܻǴǳأſڵıҲɢɢ޼ɣǳصҲû٣Ŷӡ
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ѣѩҲûС·ϣҪǽҵ£Ҫ֪鱨ȥ¥Ȼȥƹˡ
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ʱԨΪ˵أϾﷱĵطúܣǳԲĶԺЩˮˡ
ѩٵûôֻ࣬ǾÿڵٿԨԨչ֪⼸걻ƮƮ̾Ḷ́ǶôĲס
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ļ壬״С㱻ţүү˼ò׵Ķ磬˭ҲǲС
װԵ˵ĻҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬¸ǺаԵ˼ɣʱԨֱӴֻԴ𣬶ǻ׼ѹԴһɱŰ
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ǳֱӶִ㽫ʱԨץҪڳ˫ۣȶһǣ͸ô̶Զ
ʱԨԴеӣ׵Ķ⣬ʱû顣
Щδ֪ѩ٣ӵĻңȻǸЩܺƽġ
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Χ۵Ĳ˶аڴϣ壬㲻γݺ˽һҲǺõġ
ʱһǿײɢ絽˽ϣ¡һ죬Χڽʶ㡣
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ѩ°㲻飬һըƮɡ
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͵صɴ۾ĶӣΨһĶӣȻǰ˴
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δ׾һڴϢ֮
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ҴӲСҷչ׳󣬺ò׽ɽڣò˶ãñһͻƵɣû뵽ʧȥ˶Ҳûˡ
ôأôһңò׷ɣ֮µΪһжûֵܵס
ģģУɲ꣬Ȼһ֣δŹϣģʰ
г˷ߺ޵Ļ͵³һѪݲʺԹУɴ˫ۣ
ʱԨŻڵѪ齣̧ͷϿհԵˣֲԾؿڣʲôʧˡ


150 
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ʱԨһ޵ıֱ˳޷ˣΧ۵ŴӽӲл񣬳Ӧ죬ֱ˽Χҷ׷ǰ
䣬ЩѹεЩܲȫռȥ
ߵѩѾˣûǸΪ̣ʣµЩΪҲвʱԨȷû׷ѩһɨղŵ޵ıһſءҪˣ۰
ʱԨɫһΪˣæСĵؽ˷ˣ
ѩСЩףûˣǸղһ̫ˡ
һնɱɣΪǺԨԨôɱɣΪҲֻɣǱѹסûɣһǿ䣬ʵǱе
껹óŷŸݻߵʱ򻹲ٶ̫̫Ǳˣһ·̵ڣ۵ĲС
ʱԨСĽ˷ſԼĻַԼϣϢ
ѩصͷܿһɾʱԨĴڣһ㸧ƽ궯
޷ƲУʱԨѩٱڻСĵĸϢղŻǿ󵽸оܰ綼ڽµˣпغߺ
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תһѩ΢һЩæҴ䣬кöҩҩԸŵҲͲˣĵûô첹
ԨԨǰ͸˵ǹΣĿյҪһζĽҩ̫ô׷ѩٿ϶ҩûˣǾ»ɡ
뵽ڵԨԨǱ׷ɱѩٽԨԨһЩڵԨԨ˵һ飺ҪضΣգǾҩɣϾСҪ
ɫЩ԰ףʱԨ΢΢򴽣㡭ˣǷԽԽˡ
˵˵ģαΪȥǿУɱ˻ҵ棬ҵ˵δ˵һǱصвȻ£ͷβ͸С޹أҪǣġ
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̫ңԶˡ
Ϊ˷ֹٷʲôͻ¼ϾûˣˣʱԨеǷ½֪ˡ
ѩԼûϢǿмܲס˼Ž˳ǣ˸߼סһСԺӡ
һͣѩپ۵˯׸㰲ȵĻѱʱԨɱ;ԨԨߣȻСԨԨҲԨԨܵľͺܰģԽ˯˼ɡ
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ΪɵʱԨͻȻð꣬ʱŹʱԨ䣬ûþʹʱҲĴѰ׷ʱԨȻٵʱԨɱɱʱ
ֱʱٻԼųȥˣʱԨǲǣʱԨһ˶ԶԸڶһɱɵˣΣԶԶܿĺá
նɱɵڸ׷˶ʱԨֻ֪֪Щ洦ɼĶ̸Щ¡
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ƺЩˣŵͬʱ֣ңңңԭΪȻһҵУû뵽ͻȻһ˵ȥ
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ڻ˽֣Ҳɵ˰ɡ
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Ϊһ𣬾ȻһɣǶҲ˽ѡ
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Ҳ֪ʧԣæ졣
ʱԨһţɱɱϢĴŴĳµĵӣȴ˵С۸ʦֿȥΪͷֲܶʦʦǻ¡
⴫Ŵб۵ģö˶ˣһһڶðпܡ
ħ磬Լٳɹȣɹ֮ǿ½Ľ֮أҪȻҪ½УټϰɹգݵضλȫˣǸʵ⴫š
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151 
ֽǻģɽҲûж฻ԣûʲôóԷƬϿԽ½ĹУӰûš
ҲʱԨеͣ½ŲĻᣬΪؾõ׷ɱÿڷϿ̺죬Ϥһ¸ںϵԼȥϰÿ˯ѶզզĴڵСס
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ǰСµĽбȡ˳ֻһö䣬龧͸رģʱԨźβЦһСƭӡ


152 
΢ױǰ˿¹ſڣ̲סСʦܽ컹û𣿡
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ߵѬΪʱԨָμ䣬ѩ˵ļΪϸÿճʲô˵һ飬ֻ˵˵ţСȥ䣬ڹȥٱһѬֿס˯⣬ûһ˯ˡ
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Ǹоһÿһļ磬һڽһڵסűһֱڣֻǲ֣ȵʱѾȥ˲ɬڸУֻڵ
ʱԨЩźõĹδǰÿһ䣬ȴҲңĹ¼ţȹʵ뻳Ѿ͸ζ


153 
һѩ˯ĺܳоѴԽȥȫһˣΪ˯еãʦֵĵַ鿴ôûʲô
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ʱԨḧѩֱϵۣˣڶۡ
¹һڶ۲һǧ𣬾һǧ꣬ѩٻʮء
ʱԨ쵽㹻֧۵ģȻͻۣʱֻһŵķΧЩȡһǧ궼û۵ҲУѩȻǲЩʳ֮ǿǰҲпܡ
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154 
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156 
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ϾӧˣԺ׹ϵھĹϵͲϼףǰСһΣǸĶ˼ңԺĴˣɲǰǰˡ
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󲻶࣬һһֻأһˣӡ


157 
޵⣬ǰǰѩ׼סҲˣһǵĹ⹬ѩ¹ֱڻţ¹ʱСס
һ޵ԱߵƫΪС⽫ƫϧСһζû˯һЩ̭ġߵԽԽࡣ
ǰǰڣСӱڣû޵뿪
ѩٰռԨԨͥԺУǽƫһЩʰεȵЩƾɵЩͲҪˡ
еʵزôӲӴȥˣЩûҪˣЩǺõĵǿⷿУ˵Ѫ뷭档
澱ŴССĺӦһûͣʰĲЩԸˣСĵĴ⣬ƵĻǺõģСʱһЩҶӻ֦ˣοЩ
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Сں˵ŻǱֻһֱӴ׾һڱ֮ϯȥβһ˦һˮ˶
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