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飺
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ࣺ
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󵨷ˣͷһλŰȷҫڣһ
ϵҵһ౾ضκβ׺ɣݽСʹѾֻȥ̽̽ϲĲʵۡ
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౻˹ǣ߰ͦͷ­ɫ˴ˮǻʺˡ
»һҹͷĻʺǸ˳ֽƺҸƽӣڷҡ
ҹǴȥ࣬ó˴󸣣֮ס
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Ǹʺ˽õһͻ¯˯һϡ
һҹû˯ࣺͻȻɬ
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˶˵飬ֱ屻ǽͫ䱦һȦڻˡ
ԭʺ
һƽ&䲡˻ʵ
ݱǩ ж  Ŵ
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ҶԱһˡ
⣺澳в໥֣ͻƶ񤣬츣ˡ


1 
ϲʺ
ֵ＾μǰĴѵĲӣ֦ɱһ紵ֻܷص
μǰͽһʱʱ߲֪ǸȤΪŵǴδĻʺ
»Ҫӳ˵ҶΪУռ
ūв֪̻ӣȥͷĻĮһ޼ʵĺ⺣
⻼أߵūʱʱȺӹɧţϱߵŷ׹֮˵ķӲ֪ɢ˶ٴмͥȥĻĮǶ˾ۼأ˴ɷ׼֮ͽһɳĮˮ͢κβˣ˵һغ鵺˲ٵˡ
ǴѾСֽϣԸɺȵȣλļðհıǶֶಡ
ȵ۵ĵӣйӣȵ˳̳лλȵһϰӣλ꣬㽫͢ľҰ䲼ߡ
֪ԭһʵ̣ڵĻʵ۴⼸ߣڳ͢Ļ̻̣֪ݵĺƽάֵʱ
ͬʱϽԺãδʺ󣬺󹬸ǿһˡ
ԭ±˳ϲʺһ¡ŷΪʺϹԹףղĴлʺ
еλͬʦǷԤеֻǴδΰ˾Ųʮ伫ΪƳ磬ϾԷĲ
Բ˹μŮһ¡
μҲƷ֥٣ڻʳ¸ǲֵһᣬμҵĵλӣһ㿷֮ޣֻһԼĪʮŵŮһǸ֮ŮǺμһŮμùû
μҲˣĽԭŮ£ȴúý
ѣлʺĺѾϹͷϣǷСŮûаָϵ
һ·˵õɩμģ˵μҸսӻĴŮ˸ģȸɴֻŸһͷһ
һԵ𾪵Ŵͣ죬Ǳ²Ҫˣ˭ܵﰡ
ֶһָô˵˵ͷϣ˸˵иͲŵǱº𣿡
ȻΪƽͷգȴԽƳ籸ȻҲΪ¿ǣʹϻ˵£ǲҲᱨڱء
ŵ¶ίɫȻºãܹȥȫһһ궥Źѹḳ˰
뵽⣬̾һҵȻҲűµһӲʣǰ˵˻ʵǲʹ
һĵֻնĳϲʺܳϲ㣡

ЩûбŽשǽμμһλüȴоĴͥԺŲˡ
Ǿǰһ˫ֱ󣬴ɫ۵үϵıƽӡ̶ۣоŹֵ¶ƴĹâǰĵš
̶ˣ㲻ϰ߾˸ӦӦϤ
μҵĵŮĸĺδгԴ΢΢ЩԵĸȵĹ̶Թ㣬˵ʲô»ʺСʰҽ̶͵£ȻҸŮô궼û档
δ̾񫣬ĭֵȢҵļŲң
δģĿǰĸһη̬֮Ϻĸصضһ£һһɫļ򵥶ۣӴȴϸ˷Σǳǳ¶һָ
⸾˱δȢķˣ̻ᡣ
˻δӦһŮǲˣͺߵҲһƬⰡƾʲô⣿
أԼΪ򱧲ƽ񲻹˻ʺ󣬻֪û
δ˵㱻͵ס죬ԳСʱô˵ģֺ㣬Ժ©ĶһӵĽˡ⺢ôô
ҲǺŮˣĿ･졣
һɿ֣˳ƿδ󣬴ʱδŭĿӣ۳СŮҲôûоȡ
˱ĿŵһɪſھͶں檵Ĵ㽫̶ϣȴΪ檰Ų̶ܿô꣬ʵڲã
˵žһݺ˦Լһ⣬ƼδģһʵĿǻҵ̶ʮ㣬ܿ࣬ҲʱΪ㵣ţԲů˼˵ȺǧҲûסı˵ūſ˿̶
˵ıȳĺһԵˣԹﲻõĴ
ĨᣬϾȻʪˮգǶѾ׽סˣ檽ڲڣЩ˿۵Ѿ˳ϧЩѲʱˣ檱Ϊ̶׼˾Ů֮׷ʲ
˻Ƶ˵ʲôʼоҪʹóĹҲɫѾͷһûмʶԼֲܺŪȥ
˵𾢣ǰͻȻ֨ѽһؿˡ
ſɫֻצӣסű߿򣺡һˣôƵģ߶߶߶ûûˣٵһ䱾ӵ
סű߿½Σ˲˼Ļȡ
˽סˣδҲסɫǲӷͷǰˣδ˻Ҫһͷֿˡ
ȴֱͦ۾ֻ۵̲Ųõķ籩
δǡǡ෴룬Ǹӣ֪Ҫ㵹¶ٲŮϧˡ
Ҳ˵ϧʲô
δһ£һ뵽ҲʮˣʶΥͣǰ̶Сʱ򻹱㡣
ʵûбǴָͷ̥˸Ů˿ͣأôᱧ
ۿɼŨüſһȺˣ̲סҪϹ˫ۣһľм֣һͽߡ
δſŤſ·̲ס˼û˸ոǰϣƤָ͸
Ȼδһֱ̧ʾˣҲ֪û˼˹ŵᣬæָ˽üĶͽסĵط
סĵطμҳδһõĵطˣԭδҲڳǴźμҵС̣а϶Ļʺ
ǰԺַʺŮס˼±ֱĴӵԺӡ
󹻺ãҪǷδʺסĵط
ڵδȫȻ˽Ů²Ųʵʮꡣ
۵ؿŲ̧ͣȥʮ궼ûеõôƫģԺӣǰϲȥ
ΪûпõﶼƫĵĴڳ񲻹һ̣Ȼϸš
еðʵؽһš
ƿһƣЩϲüģĶûУôװƯۣ
ⲻ֪һо䵽δʮУûʶ
಻⣬ڶѾݺǰļ໹Ҫ˵ʲôʱ͵ظߣҪʵҪһ˦ƯĻƽβͽ˦ȥˡ
ûǱ̣δҵĴŮ㲻ӰҲͽθûһ˻ɵĳΪ̡
൱ʱǻţԭԸ룬˭뵽һ׳ȫŵĻƽᱻһСС˻Ρ
Ҫ̲ס˭Ҫˣǽ˶Ͼ޽еΨһһƽ˼壬¶ǻƽƬϽ
໹Ҫһڽ˵󲿷ʱάֵǰȻҲвͬɫгعĻƽ
˵ĶĴаͼϵĶԭΪϹš
ΪеĶԱȷʵһ½½ҪɽҲû̫仯ɽϤ
ֻ׺ɣѱϡɽдľҲǰදδһƶ˵á
뵽ƽ鲻Խ̾˿һԵĻ̌ͷСʵС㣬ôˣʲô⣿
ŶոǶߺһݴ飬磬ǳ֡
෴Ӧ˰ģóľӦˡ


2 
ǿѹͷ
ƫݣȴһ˫Ϊۣڹʮ̷꣬˵һϵ
Ǳʶ˿ϳⲻ֮Ƶһһ壬ǻʵܵá
͢һ仰Ǳ²עԼ壬ֱǣĻ׼Ч
˭˵һȴƷ֥ٵĸۡﵱ֡
ʵǵĻʵ۱°ӣЩɴǺõġ
ŵһüθǽȥ磬Ѿˡ
ʵ壬ʮʮλǵͷ
岻ظǵѪһ±ֵ÷зҽ֪˶λǵ˸ûȵĴ𰸡
ռڣҽԭҹϲҪȥȥ
࣬ù
ڵǰ˽ųɣҲԼȫµҺצȵȻĹЧһʣµʤޡ
ҲΪʲô໹ĴִδĻʵɷǿѹͷ߰
Ϊ˵ӣǿӲ£ٶ˵Щ
Ͼ֪֪˷ܰս
ĵҹ̣κΧû̵ľҲ˵ԵһһϵҲûС
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Ҳ׼ȷŵμʱҲδ̵ĸŮϵ΢˲⣬û뾩Ҳֻλʱ̶ڱ䡣
಻ͷˣ˼ϵҵһȷ̻žУôûԵС
˵ʵʶûһ˿ˣûɱһ飬ƢЩ
ǰԾн࣬˸ģЦ»ĿɶˣЩҪߣȻûСߡñī䣬Ҳһһĺã̼ǵñʮǹƥһֻ棬ʱȵ۱޻̫ӵıµ˸ӣ֪Ƕɵİ
£ֿƲסϲҲ˽Ҳ꣬δв̤ԼҲԺüˣҲûɹһˣҲûʲô¡
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úý̵һ̣˱£ٻˣúһڼҲʧΪһѡֻвֵǰǶһֻ۱һֻۡ
ڣǰˣƾȻȱ»ҪʢۼǸгģһʱҲö˵
һǵʱСϧһ
ȢȫĴ£ߵ̸þжģֲֲˣܸɵҲֻж֡
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μҵĹﳤ⣬ǲͬ죡
һڴӦ˵
üۼưһֱڣʲô˼ǷˣȻûƽȥ˳ϲ
Ϊʲôԭ򻹲֪ȺŪסˣպƾΣҲ֪ڵĶûǰı
ղصĶȳ˵ȭͷͷҹ飬ټĻƽ鱦ÿƯʯͷҲ졣
۵ǼȻֵǮСҲⰡ߲ܡȴ˵֣Щͨͨ͸ȥ
Щʵչ鲻Լģǿң룬Щʲô˵ıأƽͷͷŽŶЩֵ屶
ֺеĹŹ֣ȨϧԼĸףĵǸúӣӦˣСһƬТģطһ֪ģūͰš
Ȼ˵Լ͹ȥĸͷ
⣬ּ˽̧ȥ۲Ĳϲġ
δԭģմɷŮǲܴߵģ¶ŮӿûôϷأûдδҲ⸾ǿټ޵ġ
̵ĸҲȷʵţȻδ󶨻һĸֲֻ࣬ᣬܴĸţû
ͷ£һԣػ۷ð취ͲҪ
ôƣϴϴ˯
סڿտΨһһŴ󴲱м䣬ⴲ滨ľƳɵģ棬Ϊʯͷ
˯˯ţͷģһǱƾ˳ƺˡ
಻֪˯û찵ز֪ڡ

˻ֻμҵĶڣſڶ꣬δ׶ӣӿһδһң¶ϡ
μû˸ҿλĽֽ֣վǰѵС
ֻǰǷ񣬶СĸסηСϧĸҪĸЩãӦòᰭĳλ˵˰ɡ
ֲϲμңϵЦȴ䡣
ָδڨЦͲǲȥ
ʱֱ㲻ˣ̧ףԸСϢвȥ
ˣΪѵʱḷ́ǰ˵ļֱϹô㸮ۡܲסˣʮָͷȫ
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̵ĸסĵطδҲԶҲڻʳǸϣҲԣ⼸꾰ãȥ硣
̵ĸ򣬵Ǹδһӵģʱũû˭˭ģֻδΪǶ˵Եʼʱźţ´δҲĸһֱûμ²ٹġ
μҵĺþͻȻˣȴҲϣδţſʼⲻǲ⣬δϾˣμһСìܣһìܣһʣȫϵδ˸īְλлûйƷμұޣ϶Ƥûӡ
μҵĹﲻϴϾͶԿ˻ҵİаľȻҲڻʳǸ˸СԺ
μҺǳʳ⣬Ȼ׬Ǯȴټޣͷ¶治
ֵϵסʱѾ˴ףǰҲɨĸɾûҶ¸ˣǰŵڼ𣿡
˭һḾ˵
ֲδ˼ЦμˣƷٵμҡ
μҳδĻʺҲֻƷõóˡ
ھĬƬ̣һŻĽŲ߽˸ŷ죬¶һԲ
ϣиֽ࣬ݶЦŵϰɣŮ̵Щ
ϵĻֽֿ̿Ļסˣ̵ַϡ˵̶̣
ĵԡ
Ͻô᡹ĬĬ£ȻŲ⵽һԣ
߽ȥ濴һȦûϸոǸḾ˵Ǳ˽̧ȥлԺɻбˣ
ϲЩϿűϵ˵ǺԣһϱǰҡѾˣġ
ֿп޵ӦһҪ˵ȴ֪Ӻ˵С£ʱ뿪ĸףӦĸûʲô飬Ϲ⻬ĵĸںأ
л˵
лˮ5ƿӪҺ
ҼŬ


3 

ųųӦˣͷ˵⣬ҲֻðԼһ㣬ֻǳǳ΢Ц
ֱˡۼһߣɫ糣š
Ťͷ˿ٵͷһֻıԼϣʵ̫ˣĶΪǸ̶ġ̶
Ժػ徻һŶӸ˷˳﻽
⸾˳㣬ȴһ޵İƤθϵĲ㣬ŵ˶ﺢҲɢŵ⡣
ǰסϵǵô죬Ҫǲ鵽ˣ۾֮ɵ»ġ
УһУ̶£ˣǸûʵۣǿ£˵е
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̣ͬ¹ʮӣǱԽ߽ʮ޸һԶ磬Ҳ˵һӡ
ʱ˵̱òУǡɱɻͬˣμҷӶūһͬˣһҲǲɢ˼ʣµı㱻ȥЩֺõĻ
Ҫ͸ũţϾͿ֮ͬʹӽ˴ߡ
ﻹأܷκȥԿࣿ
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ۿʱʶȥ;вŷӦʹڻƸ̥ȷʵӣҫڣ
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ͬʱһ΢ļڶһǲһûˡ
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ܿˣһ·ʹڹǽһֻͨǰɫвɫɫëһֻβͳģһ˫۾Ǻġ
ʱϲסģǰסĶֻ˫۵ɫ£ҲֻǴԼ꺢ͯһ˻
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󣡡ſүңĿͽſң
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񿴲ԭͣ켣о͢Ļѧ˸ȫͿ㲻ӡ
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еϲ˫ֻ˵񣺡񣬱ץǸӣ񣡡
һһĥŲᱻ˷֣ռϷ磬ΨһĴʻ㲻һֻḻȥǼ񣬱
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಻ֻ̫˵Ļǣ˸ߣ˿ȴʱʱ֪̿ķλ꣬Žſ׵·
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һͷ˿ͷ°ɫۣ˿ϸ·ų׵Ƥ磬ƺЩ䣬ϻһƤӡ
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סˣδµҲ˰գڵ಻ܿƺݺ£ԭ˵ɵǲ١ֱٴѩˣƯһ˲黯һسëЦЦֻ̧
೹ײˣеİȴԸڽ޲ֽ˵ϡ
ͬʱ˵ȸԾҲ֪ӷתΪ͡
䵽ӵϣӰɢ棬ƺܿǡ
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һ룬ǽ塣
壬鲻Խڳݼĥ˼֣鼫ˣ֪ʶð£ͷƤ


4 

ίˣûܹܴ裬ñð裬ȻǰԴ
ųµĴίһ򣬵ë󡪡أ£İë˰ˣҪȥˣ
ۼֿ콫µֻëֺЦë̫ˣÿÿǽëղûð֪һֻͺë
˰ίԣַ߳ûºۼ벻ǰԼ֪Լͺëɡ
˳Űİ˼Ư񰡣⻬İëëëҴδϿƯɫƯĳβֳ̣ͣɫӣûбƯˡ
κֱҪһֱвԸ
ţıµһã
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һȴ˵Ϯ˰ƺʶʲô㣬ͷסݣʳ񣬿еҺڣһ
գգ۾ɫת˽ɫٿȥƣı£Сһ㣬Ũؼ֮˵ס
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һ˲䣬뵽ֳԹʳɸ˶ʳ
ڱ޿ײ룬ƺ϶һ𣬽סݺĶһ£˵ԵģѸٻָʵһ㣬᲻ۡ
˵ʵۻ˵ġ𡣴
ڰ룬ͲʵûҪ˼ίˣʱɡ
ίߵĲδһңǰı³Ϧദôһ룬ãڷ˾£ҲôԽˡ
ͫױ˺ɫҲˣոտĸ㳡ں֪ʶĵϵǿ
˼˵ƾ£ĵҪ˵ǸңԶʱҲһ壬˵ˡ
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ССʶƺʱղˣصһ̫ҽԺҽʥ뽫˴⬣űȫһ
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ܣôѾӦ˺ü꣬ѰɻδһԱ񴺷һůůλƺҲƽˡ
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̫ˣ¶òôӦҹǺȼһҹΪ˼дͳźĺͷûˡ
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7 

ëһһòһ˵ս
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Ĭˣʲôë̫ҽ̣û˼ˡ
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弸ЩеĴпԸܵԾɰſţǲϿǴ΢΢벻õ
ԥǧ˳ͷۣеƮƮȫ䵽˱ϡ
ȥȥܿ졣ס¾Ҫ֡
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ԤеĲͬ޻ˤдһСȴ͵žߴҲˤڵˡ
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ٱ̤ɽͷֱǱĺ԰ͷ˿¹⣬ķڷϴˣк
СϻƨߵΧΧ·СС䣬׸̬֮ء


8 
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׼ҪʱСϻһһӲݴ߳תΧϸС
ΪСϻˣǣŰǿӲŵĵطŷһ㱡ʯҪǣƤʯϸһŨζж
ġ
ƶ񤣬ΪװõʯȴŴáָƤ£Ȼ¶ǳǳһ棬ơ
Ѿ̫ҪʯȡˣûܻռЩԱʱ֮衣
ڣʲԱȣЩֻĳ̶ȡ
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СϻԿǣ㻹ĺô˻æǮ
Сϻ˷˷ܵתСһһ㲻֪ƣ롣
˼Ǻţʩ۷ÿǿǽﳹױĺ԰ˡ
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ûϵóأ˿̺Ƣˣԣϱģ
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ĥ£סµ촽ȻͰһԲ
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鲻Ȼ˵ΪʲôҪԸҪ߻ʺ
ɺüһǴЦʵͣǱһ


9 
׷ʧ衣
˵ȴ¶ȻȷʵͣȴһҪչȭŵϾɵ±õĽ˴ĥһ顣
û˵ɲǣһѪʲôȲ
۹ľռ̵һȣܸܵʺԼ´Ŀ⣬඼ࡣ
ԤֺԤףߵ齴ͷ­ô߬סĴȥס
ԡ֮
弴ʹʶͼ˰ĲŷӦҲ˳סͷȥӦ
һǹ󣬿еζûˣϤĸоȴٴ
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ʺΪȴں󹬣ܸиĵطҲȥ۳һ
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ϲˡ
׼õľװרŵĳ񱼡
ʱҲһѪͥԺеգš
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౻ȵǣָԼһͷƯѩ׵ԸҲ˳ˡ
¹Թƾ˳ëơ
Żʺǣǻ׹ѵĵطΪȵòᣬǻûлʹԭֻеֵġ
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ҡͷԼֻɣδ
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Ȧǰ鷢ҷ紵öδͣܵڴ˳̶ȷŻϹʺҪ𣿡
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Ҳڱº󹬲ԣʺܴʳ⻰˼ʺԵȥģĹػ
˲ڵ亹СĻصʺʥϱȽϺãūŻһ䣬ʥϵϲǲ˴̽ġ
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10 
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һ˼ŻʺǶϻʺĿ⣬ɢ㡣
һֱװ̳ҰۣʣҪͿЩۺ𡣡

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ʲôöûȴԻʺԾԾ
⣬Сèһ㣬Ϊǲˣպȡ˷͡
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ཫԼĳˣĶϢĺˣôԣԹİ
ʢӻͳԼǻСĽֽҿȻ˲٣ݹȥñùȥԣϻι̶Ų״ǻЩרȥмѧϰԵģģ쳢
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ʺѵãͷֳǻвڵʺȱǮԸֱ˵ᰲźá
ӲڿڻЩȻܱˡ
岻ϴӻʺʼԲʺǮ٣мҿ⣬ԸǻвҰζȻɬϿֻŷȥġ
ԽԽΪһ֮ĸ˽ǮȴٵĿΪһдӼ򣬻ʺǱֱ̧ʹġ
Ƹױ˵μҸȫпãһѣֻ˻ʺ
뵽⣬΢΢죬Űѷ񸮵Ƹʲôʱ̧Ҳûʺ󲻱ô׾ݡ
ױΪʣЦƽôȱǮűģ̽ҲȱǮ¿ɲֱסĵͬͬ˯տŵˡ
˵ԾӲ԰ǱûģҪǲͬ⣬͡˽͸˰ɡ
кúÿĵطĵһξ룬ҹڽ糿͵ĵһװȥϳᵢʱ䡣
һ뵽ÿؽʱòֵЩʱЩʲôã˯Ҳа˼Ǹֵţµڻء
ȣдΪж˽ʵ鼸ʺѼӲĲȱǮƭˡԾʮ㣬˵Ļʯײһ㶣˴ʺȥĵȻǿԣں󹬿յʺҲġ·ԸһУ죬·ġ
ǻʱǲɢŮ˹ڼмӣܵˡûʺᵽĵӦûµİɣϾûĸĴ󳼻ĵĺ󹬡
ĵݿҲǲ֡
࿿ˣϱĺ˵Ҳô
˼άɢţҪǱ¶Եۣ᲻ˡ
ϧǸǵĻƽϵѪ裬ΪƸΪûУ治á
һȴд˷ܡ
ĸжȫΪǵЦ⣬ôһƣˣ⽹ۡ
Ǹоһ˺һСι壺³
ŻʺеĿ⣬˻ʺԿ⣬пϵۣóԡ
ĶҪΪ˻ˣ޲ʲôԴͣҪβƶҪҡˡ
θΪߴһۣٲȻµ˸ʵ̺һԵûۿֻ˽Ķߡ
õгеݸ£˳Եúã·Ī
һʱɵûȳ죬ϰϰݲݵ磬һҰȤ
ȱ³ԵòˣŽʣಿֽ˻Ȼǣϱµֻĵ
ĵڡ
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»ʵ۵õ̫Ѿ֪ǵĻʺӣ׼ѾǸʽӺݻװĬĬ˱
ΪַȥͶѻСɽ岻òҹƲۡ
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ѥĴȥ壬˽۱ĵѭС̫൱ֵĹ켣һƻͨڳɹԼϱ
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δ㴽ױʤ촽
ͽְ˸ʵľӷԱߣίί棬ֲôš
ǳľˣȥ˯һŭĿӡ
ף֪̾䣬ĸϱµüңüͷƽʲôֱӸ˵Ҫüϰ߲á
üı»òСͷġ


11 
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彫ְ£չü̾Ϣûã߽Ѹ漱ѰȱβǡұūҴнɽҪǽǽʱȴչľѡ
ĺΪƺƴգ򱱱ߵķ綼̹ǣòĥĶǽˡ
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Ҳһ긴һ겻ϿҪڿˣ˵
˼ǧͷһʶ˾ȣ¼ۣԼ
ĴǱµ˽
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ͷȥгĸɴ࣬Ǹʱǻƽ챦ʱҲлԵĽƬں½ֳ
۳ɽʱҲ̣ɣȻʱǨĵĻȫµı
ֻûֹù۵ýƺҲûʲô԰ɡ
µ˽гű鷿ڵŵһ滷ɽׯӣԤƽͼж
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˯˯ðųΪͺķա
˲ĲԴ޲ý顣
岻֪ʺΪӿȦѹķסַſסΣӺпԼĻʺὫ˵
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12 
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л 1ף 19ƿӪҺħblack 10ƿӪҺллСʹһŬ


13 
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л 20ƿӪҺ 15ƿӪҺллСɰҼŬ


14 

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15 

ƮٿٿսеƣǸӣ֪Ũǳˣصʲô˼
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治ã߲û֧֧˼ǲܣҵĴ֮ʵڲӦʥϡ
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һģĶڽ䣬Ծ΢Ļ⡣
һʯ֮ʲôҲ룬æҽӵ죬ҲѾѹ˵ԴԼϡ
ǸȺʵаȫеš
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16 
ҵĽ
໺̧𽣣ȹû飬һкֱӳĲӴйȥ
ʱǶԱµĲأûκһǿܵ
ɫýΪأĿʺҲƵһ޿ɱ԰ѽãһԼλһֻҲӥצȥ塣
Ķ죬·Ԥһ㣬һսˣתϢ֮ٴι෴ӦʱȻȶһһʵյĿ죬һʱ侹Ҳסˡ
˵ٶȿ˲Ӱ̶ʱѾϰУΥѪȼɫҲӵĮת棬ͣļơ
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ϲ㲻ԼĽ档һʤϯˣʹ֪ˣҲȨ׺ϱԼ·
ȴԥˣȻÿһ׺ݵĶԴһȴǵ㵽ֹʵս鲻ḻȻµס
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ǳлĩ 1ףлл֧֣


17 

ЦֻҪǱ룬ԣұ¾ȥһɣҲھǡûбڣʳҲȤ
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18 
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彫ַȥΪһռ˾󲿷ҰַŵĵطʵǴϢıԱߣͫ·ȴû䵽ʵš
Ȼ˼һ´ô죬ð˽֪顣ôһֻľӻҪúõﱱҲ֪Щкôġ
ֱ޳УڽӲƤϣȴԳ˼뾫ɣÿ˷Ρ
ǽΪͷ޴ƳСߡ
࿴ǻñ½ʱʱ̷̿ŵϣӶԸпš
౻Ķĥ÷ţɣҰʵʶֻĬĬǰ̽̽һµ˱µϡ
ϸϸССзˣֻ޼šѸߺ죬ֳȴƽƤѪ࣬𲻴ĸһһʱ䣬ɫɷǺÿ壬ľǼзûκβ뷨
ϵ۵ĲλӺȻָӦǲţݺݴһϢһ³ն½ǰɢˡ
ޱ鲻Խ˳ѣٷӦʱŷֲ֪ʲôʱǰĽĿȵؿȵĿ⡣
ʿ
һ̣еʿηؿޱȵʥϴŹ˳飬мص׳棬ǵӲǵ֮¹
߸ϵ鶼ԸȥǨ͡
еʿڵϣ˵ֻܷŴǰһĻ᲻գֿۣȡ
鶼ףˣһȫʤٴ󵨵룬ֱӽūȫҲδɣϾˣ
һĻؽʷᣬǱǼ֤ߣ֪Ҳմ˽ˣ֪жĽ²Ǻ޲ôԼ
֣סȥΪʲôͷĶ͸ֺãŹŹֹ֣ѵȻѱ֣
֡
ῴ˱һۣ֪о·̣һ뵽Ϊ̱ܳڱǰŽǳָ٣㿴ô޼䣬أǹȻˡ
˼ȷļ粻˱ºųŽŵĦķһԾƲ㣬¶ʧС
Ȼ̧ͷֻ׽˻ɵСβͣкȻʧĸоȻΪʵۣǱȽϲһ㣬Ͼôô䣬ôǮ
Ӳӵģ˭ܲء
Ƿˣ
ڽʧǽͷȥٿ֣ظ꣡
ֹ̧סˣַԸУȻǰСŻ˳ᣬؿڣҪ˳˼һ¸ʺ˵Ĵڣ˻Ҳ¡
򾫱ѵأʹով궼ĳҲָͬǣÿһĹⶼǿ˲٣׻Ҳ¶˳˾Ǽȸɾʮӡ
ʮ⡣
ʰʱѾˣҲ͵ذӪկΪԵʣʿǣԤҪߵ·̶˲٣ζǸյﱱ
ൽ˻⣬ƻִͨĽױÿеÿһʱūĶԲߣ󲻴׼̡
µʶ࣬ҲžԵ쵼ȨǸһ˻ֵС
˸ûͳһ棬Ҫһۣԡ
ҪͶ֪һĵÿء
˶߹ˣ˻ʣʱıµһű߷ͼüۼǡ
໽±߽ʵ½յˣ
üģ¶صԡ
ǰס壬κеҡβͶҪԼϱǼʣǱ¾ýô䣬磿
ܶ𣬺޺Ѱ
͵͵ƲԼһʺһۣԾɾסⲻţΪȤĵӲһˡ
˰ˣҲһӣѵʧô
һʹƿʺ󣬿ҲԹ˵ˣδ˵ϱȷʵŷ޵ļʶǳ
ðǿЦ𣬹棬˰ʺҲף
ߺٷйһŻʺĿɻδ˵ԼˣʺͦĿȻǲˣǡ
಻֪ĻôñʹƢֻҪ¿ͷԽ˷ɵǰ
廹ҪŹ˵æΰһסµĺһ˱µ죬̽ˣ
屻죬ֶãʺ־ô̵ֳֻܲĽë˼ȻأҪͣסĴ˲ɣ
ֱ׳۾ɵĿɰҪˡʺ÷ţҲһֱš
ίĲˣһֳڱСģֻҪ䣬ôôѣѵñ½ܽ·Զ𣿿Ҫ֪ɽȤҲʮ㡣
ջü£ȴˡǣ棬˼һױһףô䣬Ϊʲôϲ
ഹͷɥʣѵ²ͷǳ˧𣿡
彫ְϵûлʺ˧
ʲôдůʲôз·תʲôﻨ㣬̶Ŀһ˫۷Ź⣬һѱס£дʣ²ôʹȥ˯ߡ
ǻ˽ţȱˮ򣬽ֻϴһ
ϣɫŨʱ
強խխһСϣȣ˿üֻһ㱡¡
Ღ˱µԴøЩŵͷ߬סµĴȥס
¶˵ȥ
ںҹУ忴ĵط˫ͫȾ˵ɫۣҲʶ˫ͫı仯´֮ĹӵظȥӶ¿еĿȻ˳͵ļʶΧľ
һǹñ¿ļͷԼޱȥȨȥ¡
ķڿˣе˷е㽹ơ
Ĵ˵ķһͻһģݣ˼ϵһ˳־ö۷ֵ
ױºʪ޽ǣеİⲻΡ
л˵
л 1ף 10ƿӪҺ
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19 
ð
ʮ򾫱ϣ಻ľӾŴС
۲ŵͼǰһɽɽͻ¶Ҳӽӽ·̣ʮգʮܴﵽǰԸǰɽפһ
оۣʿ³Կ࣬Ҳ·ܵڵﱱؽǰ״̬ܽ뱱ʱ̱־衣
Ҫ֪ūǴɽⱵľĳúÒһҲطٲΪ١
Ȼǲ÷ָˣ㶨࣬˵Сӣʱ˷зͻ˳
Ӻ׷ϣʵ½ճҩ𣿡
պԺֽǲˣֽҲǱ۲סȣһ飬ϵĺҲɢˣ³˲԰ײ̬ӡֻûиȴ˭Ҳ֪
üĿվǻСȥ
ɫδ䣬ƫƫȴñˣȡҩһһҲûжΣԲһιߣȿĽȥŷĵһˮ
ʣ಻ࣿ
һűӵ˵ͷֹһȥ
һҲۣҩ̫ҽ岹ԪģҲñµûˣֻйоأ֡಻ҽҩ֮£ҲеĲףѪǶõĶȴҲֻάֱһʱĺ
ȻܿﻹãĲֽ˲ȷֻҩš
ת˻⣬ʡҲ޲ʹҩǰʺģǻʺ󶢵Ľ޲˻ǶŪȥ
ǰһɽʺѰһȽ˱Ͷв㡣
ҲͷӦ¡˵书򵥣Ѿѧʮʮǲ÷ҲӦһȺں֮ڡ
л˻뿪ıȥ˱µܴ粽룬ճղˣ֪Ϊıϸƫƫþܾͳ⸱ӣֻܳұ£󲿷ʱ䶼ʹıŷ
ԱߣбµıӻҲûʲôѣʹ׻⡣
Ⱦɽ˴յأŨأݲݱأʯͷҲࡣ
ҪȻó˱½̵Ҳ޲ͷһ鲻ͽ飬ֱڻͨѵʱҲɢˡ
ЩȺ˲ͬԲͬסһһʱҲֵܡ
ȥϴ裬ܾˣһֻȥұ¡
ݣҵĺܣδ㿴һһʲֱ½ɽˮȥԡˡ
һϲкȥұ¡
ȥ⴦߹һС·¶СϪ˸ߵӲΧŵʯҲγεĵط
߽ӰƲˣﰲԶˮԶʯͷƵ·Ҳ֪Ǳˡ
ϲ̺Χ˲ĵһ·о˻һ𣬻֮䲻֪˻ϳͨޡ
ຬЦ뻽£ԴȻһ£ѾʮˣȻһβ⣬һ֮󴦳˸ء
Լת˲˽ģӲһƬӲݴͨһµˮУ˸ߵ˻
ʱʯͷˮʶתΪ״ַ̬
ҪϰϾǶԼһξ룬ֱϡ
ȴһ࣬սذףϪˮײ⻬ʯͷ˳ˮһСȥ
ˮ汻ƣɢȥˮֻš
һˮԽԽٲȻûڣ彫ޣʲôˣ
žʯ̽ͷһȥȻ˼һ˫ӲӵͫĿԡ
סˣϵľһɢˣȻʵô
⻰޲شˣȻʱȻǲܿˣһڱζ⻹ʲôȤ
۾һҪߴգٿȴͣסǰΨֱᷳˡ
ͷʮǰһȦ廹һ۱ϳֻ
ҿǰȴ¶Ц⣬ڽ˼ʱذһѱס˽Ĳӣͷ˼ϡ
弴ʹˮһȦ忸Ծɷǳ᲻÷ְ
ʵ̫ϲˣû뵽ͷ伫Ǯһʱе˷ֱܱˡϾӵһǶٴʵ۲ɿԸ
˷ԱôˣôСһȦ
Ŷԣ࣬ΪϦദȻֱ¶Խĺϲ
Ϊףֻڱ¼ͷѹһӣצӽˮл˼Դ
ûд·
˼òñ´·
һ죬ȣŨصϢˮɢ
˫ֲͣڽ˳ëһԴĲˮʪͷѹղĺоУһƬƽֻüеĳ¶ġ
ɢѹԴѹű£ѹһٽ˫Զţͣڱϡ
岻ظʱӽŶ˳һʱû֧ţžˤˮʱˮɽ˱
ȻˮȴЦɫҲ󣺡ùѽ
վδõı£һʱĽ𣬾Ȼ·صˮʱڣˮȥ֡
ྭϵʱʪһƬë϶ˮ飬ȴգҪץ
ԴһתƴƿҵȻ̤ˮצȥ··ȥʾ塣
һ·˽˼ȻЩµģǲЦôˣҴˡ
崩һڵһ㣬Ӽ򵽽ȫˣˮ
Ž
ͻȻϳָ£ץһߣϣſʼչȭţһԾɽһԾӦǱˮ
̫ˣԴۿˮ׵磬Ҳ֪ǲǽԵʣԳһС磬ˮӿҲֻǻͣԽԽˮҲȴûʲô
忴㣬ԶԶţֻһ̫βȻۼֿ죬Ѹץסⲻ㣬㼫Ϊãбĳ
óѣǽĿ˺ݾӡ
Ҳע⵽⴦ĶƷæΣˮȻƽش
˽ϣ첻ʪͷ㣬ŽЦ㡣
ͷµ֣㡣
ȻһЦֹƵðԼʳˣ
࣬һ졣


20 

㣬ŵȥ׽ЩҵĻʺȰɣ⼸ջʺرҲۡ
þܽԣ֮临ӵôᱻ֪أֻʲôʱûʺҲƽܹûۼ
˵ôãػʺҲϲġ
㱼䣬˫ƺ㣬Դȥӣֱάֲסƽ⡣
һͣŽѰĵطŽ·Ϊʹ
˾ܲ־ģʹԼջصԼϡҪڱǰʾһĽýˣ̻ĸ˱ݡ
ȻֽкãԽԽоŻȻԭԼϲ˴ʺƨޣһҪҪ塣
ٲȻɰڴʱ˱ᣬ»Ѿռȫƺݲ±ġ
Ҫ֪ⲻ֪£ڱӮ˰֪жˣǺ޲ýµ׵С
òһظ𣬴ʱѺ͸Ӳݴз˲֪ӫ⣬ٵȥҪˣʱҲھʺ
С·ߣһתͷȻѾʧһԹŻλһ֪е¶ᰴͲס̽ͷ
ֵ룬ý͵ĸֱҲģ㻵
ŵĵطͷʥֻһˣ£ǰδң±˽ȥˣӦȥѰұˣҪȥң
ͷҴεģǰͷͷ࣬ƽƽĹϵ
ʺƺھӪȻٽУ˱Ϊδˡ
ࣿңͻȻ¡彫еݸԱߵӣԸ͸Ӱ
ͻȻһ࣬ȵ˾ֱӴʡ
Ӧǣһڴˣű»Ӫء
һᣬߺ󣬱ˣˮúϴɾߣµһ˱´
ƿʵߣʱһˣԱһ˱ǵ
¡໽
ֵʱ䳤ʱЩãǿһһ࣬ôһ⣬ҲҪŻʺ²С
¶룬˱֣ʺ
強һ˱µԴ˵صңЪ¾ͺáԻűµζ
岻ף˳ʲôζô᲻˵̧첲ȥᣬʲôûС
˯Ũƽɲðʧȥᣬɺú˱ۣʧ˼أȴֱʣиϡ
Цұ飬Ȼŵɿڵζ
΢ŵĺߺǱĻȡˣָĻŵʺ󳢳רΪʺģȣȥ˯
ཫ˹˵߱ȥ̽µĶӣһ飬üʣųʲô
ɢ˵࣬㣬һЩˡ
˿⸱ӣ֪Ųˣֻ˼ڱˡ
Щԣȴ˵½󣬱ϸ⸱ӣҨȵ̰ɫŨιߣһڡ
ԴСȸʳһô˸ɾ
ιڶЩƾܣǻʺģһҪ룬ǡ
ڵϹ𣬵ѹȥˣƱƫͷȥƫƫҪ˴ϲζǲ˼Լ
ǿƽһι˱µߣͳԹˣڻһζţ´δһȥ㡣
廳ɣɶüۣ½һ£˵ζ
ѧĸȴֻȳƵĸ˳˿飬һ鲻һ鲻١˼ʱܵ˱𴦣ֵĸź˶ȴߵģʺղԼӿֻһƬĶȴȫǸ
ȻҧӣϵȽ
˵ԹˣҲԼùţջع彫˵ҹһһ׷ֺˡ
౧ȥãһϨˣֱֲָĵز
Щദ㷢ֱȻںҹвڣȴԼΪأںҹʸϸҡ
סԴȥѹеζֱѾ˯ŵ˲١
¡˻ںҹỽǴűζȥҵĴұɺã
ʲôԴȻѣܿ·ȥʱȴơ
СԼ̽ںҹзװĹɫƽƣһָɫƫڣںڰҲɲ䡣
಻ʲôͻȻĺȥһ˫۷ǵóһƬɡ
಻ԭʲôûΪֻһ̽ȥѹŹĿĿΪ侲ȥµĴɲ֪ĸһ˲Ͳˡ
쳣֣·ж궯ӡ
ڸһŻһ㣬׽µŷԼǴ
ܾããȥֵĶ
ʯ᾵ĴУʶ˼Ƭ̱ڽŵĴϲĶʱҲûУȴһˡ
ǴǼΪģʯͷһ㣬ָ߱˵¶ȣȴµģ˲š
ǻʺĴұ𣿡ںҹãһʺûзĲ˼˿̸ҪһƵģ۴Ȼ档
Ǹñ
ƴһ£ԡ۵ʱʱ죬ʱζõҩһһϽסµ󣬲ȥ𴦡
ԹԵȥֵĶֻʺҲ֣ƫƫڴͷҲգԼ¯ˡ
ʲô¶ȡ
־ʱСʱȥµòѹ˹ӱ⡣
ܵȴӹӷܳҲƺӿɿˣҪȥһڣȥ
ƾǽְҲ˳ǣٳٶҲӦ˹Ҫˡ
ཫ˻ֻ˯
Ȼúõ˯ⱻŪһ㲻ʣǼأô˯׼ᷴһ˲ȴҶˣҲһƬڶ˶ӡ
࣬ôء
ƽơȴҪˣ
˱


21 Vʼ
˷
һҹôҲ˯, շת࣬񱻳ȺϿһ㡣
ǵڶ㽫˳ȥѾ˱, ˿·ܳͨ衣ȻʮûϸŴùͷһ˲Ⱶķʵ۵Ҳ̤ʵ
ǰĳúĥһıߡ
˴Ŵֲ·ǰߡ⴦ؽƶ, һ·Ҳһ, ֻѳʾΧ˻ĺۼ
г㣬ڲŵĵ˵Ǽ˱ζŴ
ΪȻ͵Щ, µëƤ˳ĺҪ֪һƥļ۸񶼵üʮ, ûϡοٰ˭
ȻȾ඼бµ·ʱ䶯û, ˿֦̤, Сȴ, ǳȺӳûģСĿܡ
೯˴˸, ˶, άԭеٶȼǰ, Ǻ֪Сһ㡣
ΧĻž, һλεĵɽ´˳, һʮ͸ź𣺡ɱǵүǼӲͣ
Ż򰫻ߣ׳ݵ˱ͻȻðһɱܣ䲻һ˻˼Ȧվֲַ˭ԼֻĿ¶ܡ
ս÷ȺҲӣһǾŵģһǸǰһ˳߰˷񣬻ȺУͷܣﰡĺ
ղʲôں֮ڡ
ʰȺˣɱţҲףôһȺûмûͷĽɫʹİ㲻սսĹ
𵶣뻤׼Ⱥ˽ˡһһ»ԴĹһҲЩֻȡʤ۸Щ޴ˣ浶ǹûּ¡
һĨ˲ǾͿʼңҪܣҲòȶֱ¡
ӣʱŷǰԲˬ׽ǾȻΪϱԭķγһȦӣ˿Ϸ˲֪·ġ
Ⱥ־ǿۼֻҪǿ涼ŨصĿ־ʱûսսż˵ǴȥȻһ˵ôΧɾûѪ콦
һʱ֮䣬ȿֺĴײ൱Ȼ߲ܣȻĳ˽С
ֵǸһ�˵ģ
ӻɸͷߣƤڣ൶æһ㽫Լ˵ˡ
ԭһմĵƦå˳Ϊ֣ӹȥܸܵһɽˣһ·Сආ˵ĵҡƽɵǴٹ·̻ǽӴĻ˵Ҳ
򲻻޻ɽĵҵλãȴסţѵҲ졣
ȴ༫ΪҪģ˭ܱһϤկӵ˸·
ޱʾߵˣһµıµֵͣһĶ
־µֿɤۣȴʲô۲һ̱ڵϾ֣˸ιʲô
һЦĶ
˻һֲٶǸô󵶵µˣ˶Ļ
ʵǸĪ⣬ֻǴŴֲѾܿе
ˣӲӣ
ҪսپǱ·źŽֵǾۼһȻ˽һص˿ʣµֱɱʲô޻ɽ
ֲҲ·һ¶ɬ޻ɽߡ
޻ɽֻӦɽկѣȴסһ·ݾоֵࡣ
Ŵ׵Уļһֱײֱӱ㽫޻ɽƿһӣѸٸϣ󲹵ʱ޻ɽ㱻Լ˽ӹܣԭ˲ǻ赹־Ȼûһȫվ
ﾡãֽ޻ɽʳȫҳԼ˵Ǽᣬ֮ٷֳ˰˻ŵĵ˴һЩڱ´ĵط࣬Ҫȥķ˻
Ϊھ޻ɽջ˲رͼһšկӵϸλá
ؽ޻ɽǲС˾޻ɽʲôǰʲôĶУ˾Ȼзկ
˵կĵطصա
˷˵ȤԼǿһǵĵؿһ˲˿ԼΣĵؿⶫ඼࣬СկҲиıءȻҲ⣬Сկӿ˸ˣڴկӷֶ类ӻһʧˡ
Լıһ·¿·;±ء
ٶȼ죬ս޲ʤðͷȡʤһկҲչ򡣵կӼϢݵø죬δൽеկӾŵϲԴʲôš
ʱķɿ죬תʮձ㵽ˣŻ˵ʵĳǽ֪Լˣפرı߳ǣūԼǿԽǳȥۼš
ͣ͵ɣȥ»غϡ
󲻹һˣΪһ붼ȥѹű²ĵսƷ»ϣҲûȥˡ
ǰл˲࣬ڣת˾塣ٸֵڽ˷һʹҲֻˣ˽Ƕﲻĳ̶ȣβ˾ȣ˭Ҳôϣƫƫܡ
˵ں֮ڣɾĵطٶûа취˵й֮һ·йһɿ
ʹȺƫƫȻѹһ㣬ʲôСӲķۡ
һɽѣϢ׼ҩҪǣȴǰԤϵǴ
ֶȷʵֱɳȴҲڶӵзǶıпȭͷ˵佫ᷳơ
ɵսֲܱ⣬ò׳ţǵԴչȭţβء
ˣ쵼ǣӡ
һھ˶߹˴С
򵥲ϴȥұ£ĳУ㱻ɿڵζǵÿ
ӣ٣˵ǸĪ⣬ɱ¸һֻ֣һ棬֮鲻Խʼˡ
ǰйر߳ǵϢű߽Ȩرߴ󽫾ݷѣݷѴֻ˵йоأֱ߳ʮ꣬ǰʲôھʲô
ʺӸࡣ
棬̫С̫һֻչʲôĸǲûкúóԷ
ԼĶƤȼˣȴֳǳǰһģһ
첲סƵ£óۣˡ
С岻ˣеıʣƿ·СС۾˸
࿴Сϡˣ޵
ס˶ӣûҫò׻˿ɲһ֮ǰĸ
ˣء


22 

ʺҲ, ʺͻĶԣݣôūúðȥǲС
оҪľ, ˷Ӳޱ§ôô
¶ɫһ, ס˱µ, ûйͷһ¸˾ͺã¸ɻҲֻͨôû
屳ͦñֱ, СܹǽַϣҪ˾ֱ˯, ġ
ոջڷɱȾƣҲԣⱼʮûкúϢصţҲɵġ
֪ӿ, ǵǺ, ң뿪
ͷӦ, ŷϣÿԿɫ, һַֻؿڴ, Ž˯ȥ
ЩЦ, Ҳûнֳ, άŤơ
ٽ, ˸طפ߳ǲԶҪҹ̣ʿҲƣǡ
ʱǱѵģ磬ŻƵ⽫౾һֶƳ˷֡
ʮһȺ˳ԵĶӲĸûζ˵ӣȻؿڸ֮ȽҲ֪ĸá
ֻԼ壬ϷԴ˯
һ˲侪塣
ˡЩģʶҪкԷԷǻ
ڵĴҲҲˣϣȴֻܵˣǲġΪһôô֣污һľ֮
˳ֽ屧һԼŲ˸λᣬ˵漣ֻ΢һ࣬ɰԼƶ
ŽӲ羱ɵôò֪һ嵽˼¡
ȻҲ֪ôΪ˭Ϊ֪Ÿۡ
¶һ˿ǳЦڻƵ¾Ȼģ˼Ҳܰ
ŪúԷŵĿȷʵУһ˵ζĿ򣬳⻹һЩСˡ֮ġ
ʳҲûгţ˷꣬ǽٷʢš
Ա㣬ǣǱߣʱɫãҲǣֻһڿС
ѾǶһķ磬ΧݲȾ˪ɫҲ˺ĺƤۣ£ϣȴҲأճݵ
ĶͮͮһƬǱεģԽԽˡ
ཫ˫Ķϣϻ¡۾ȴ˵Ĵϡ
Ѿֹˣŵ罫һתر
䰡ź䣬촽ǵĺ죬ȴ͸ƤİףܿƵᶶ
ࡣ带һڣϢ㻯˰ɢڿС
û˵ͷ΢£˵ǸΪ΢ӽǣ۶Ŵͦı΢΢ͻıǹǡ
ҲǱƻ˰ɣҲ첻˵ˡ
ǰסĴ飬һǳһ£̽סµͷ裬ס˱µĺ׺ݺǰѹȴֱᣬǵһ˲һ
ϸĴϢ˵ĴݳǸĳҲǺõ顣
ֱ촽ȾŹˮɫŷſ˱£Ȼ˳ְ˴궳÷գŴߡ
ôҲȥĺΣĵǱضʮ㡣
˻˻ʣΪҪ߳ˣһӲҪû壬˯ˡ

˵ݷѣȻԳΪŪƵĴڣҲǱ֧߳ҲѾʮˣѲãȴ٣һŽ˾Ӫڣһʱݼڱ߽ӪҲͨĴڡ
ҲǳˣҲֵڡòӵǴĽһ¡
Ŀã˶˼٣ֻ˵ĳˡ˰뱲Ҳûмһ֪¸ж˾
ݷ˵Լʲôо֮֮֮Ҫ֪ʲôı²ýΪ֮פ㣬ʲôı¸ֻʲôëͷСӳ˱¡
ڣʥϾ߳ǲԶλãƫƫԹ԰Ӫկץ˼µ⡣
ͷͺ
鷿Ųһ游
ݷѼȱˣæ
鷿űƿ߽һűʮɣϴżˬ΢΢ݷѵ㡣
ݷһ¶Ц游ʲô˼
СϹս׷ɢūҲһСȻݷ˵ϡӸҪһǣиӣӻ
ΪݼҵĴ´ûбܹ㣬ʱҪ㽨飬Ҳ֪游ڳʲô
˼ˣ¶һɫ游Ӧȥݼ£ӭ߳ǣ˳ܸŲȱǲס
ݷһԴҲԥ°ղþľ룬ʵ䲻
ϾʥϵͱӻСһ㣬ǰǵ游˻Ͱ͵ȥھôһ˵ôʥںεأ
Ȼ˾ǹղˣű˵þԼϡ
ݷ⶯ǣȥ
ͷ˵ԣȥҪҹϵȱݼһֱַ֡
ݼұʲô˼ûУľǳ͢Ｏ˾ûūɧ֮¡
ݷѳ˼ãͰ˵İ졣
иġĿľ⣬ҪֵֵЧ
ݷһڴӦױʥפĵطϣն֮ǰϵ˳˱ȥһںű¡
𴲺յݷѵ£ɫ룬ҲǸҵģҪȻ͢ҲƴȥＯѿӱ͹ȥһر߽͢ȻѹƱ֮١
мĹԱڱ߳ǣһһ
ֽһ飬Ըǽɡ
˼ϣǰŰ
һŽŲ𣬻ʵӱƿ߽ˣһһ١
˹أϵĳΪݷѡٵĳΪ㡹ݼ£꣡
Ϊ㲢δֵֻԳƲ
ζһ˿أϽ𣡡
ݷվݷҪӣǵл£ǳ㡣
˵ͷɨ㣬ֻͣһ˲ݷϡ
һۣȴ˽뾴η̲סһϣ彩Ӳ˴룬ɨΧҪƽϢĽŸС
һۣ̲ס۾ΨһһŴˡ

סˣʥ游̸ҲƮΨһҵͷϿɫ
ٿ亹ȴ˳Ŷͷ»ΣǸˡ
㲻Ҷ϶Ǹʲôˣȴʲô˭˯ʵ۵Ĵϣ


23 
Ц
㾪ɲ, ԴͿѵڱˣ֪ǾȻϷķ, ʵ۶⣿
һߣݷֻǳǳ̸̸̾߾ūһ£¼Ҫú, ҪǰһϽ, һ߳ǵıȨضƽԼϣݷѲˡ
, ˰뱲ӵϽҲм
̸緢ݷѴŻجج˻ʡ
ݷź¶Сû뵽Ǹг, Ҳͷһͷȵ£үүʰʰ˵ūͲҹˡ
ȻӦôᣬ游رߴ󽫾ʵʵľ, ôҲ᲻ɡ
ݷ˻һ, ӣʥ˵ʱ, һͷ׵˻ʲô֣ÿǵôһСӱű´˶ʵʵ׼, ɲǹҼ, ͷɹϵ佫Աĸ
, , 游, ܱȵģϢȻҲĵ
ס
ѾֵֵЧңܲΪãıһ˲֮䡣
Լİ׾Ƥһţ游ԶæϡǱºϷ磬Ϊ˷ֹյϣǲǵöЩ˼ͶѡЩεС磿
˵ڣݷߺ󣬴ЩҲˣһ֮ڿʼϤϤ·ղ⣬ȴ̤ʵġ
ڣƺﶼİ
߹סףֻһ㣬ǳֹȻżȥš
ʳȻȲϹģѾ߾޵ʳõζˣҲһķζǳ֮佻ˡ
ùʱѾˣԸΣ׼߳ǡȻʮ߳ǾݲµģӪկֻǰߣҲǱ߳Ǽĵط
ΧһƬӪפر߽ʿǴγһȦӣֻ߳ϵģдսвᲨǴĺڡ
ݷѸţһʵʱ£ڳѾʰһۡƼݡ
嵭ֱȥӪɡ
û˼ȥס֣Ӿǵʮ죬߾ūĴСͻûֹͣõһⶨ롣
ڱŵߣҲ˵ȴΧһӵķݷѵڱŵע⵽ͬѰ
̫ˣֱգϾսպյ˵Ψðˡ
ʥǰĬ̬ȣ
ݷѵּʥϹʿǺ£Ȼʢȴܽ¹Ŀ࿴̶С岻鵹ûеģҲ֪˭Ϣ̻̲꣬ٻʮʮǲ׾ٵô
ٶģݷѷˣаţġ
·;Զڳǰǰ˸ӳ䵱֣յķ紵ǰͷŵĺ޵ӣǰͷһ޼ʣֳСڵ㣬ԽԽ
ȵ˾ӪſڣڶӪկפ֪ԺöҪͣˡ
ͺЩݷ˾Ӫڡ
˾Ӫʣһ࣬ʱƱһƽףδʤۣ˲Сơ
ӪڵõĽڣɫɫʽ˶Уͬÿ϶ѪϹսĽ
ռ˴룬˵ʥϱӯҾһȫ˱߽Ŵеİղɱ
һ࣬οǷһʱ䣬ھԳ˼ӵ
࿴һɵЦֱдֿ׳־Ƶľĥ˼ֿɰ˼ˡ
æְ£ſʼֻһĿģǾǴū겻ٷҴУūŴνб߾޿̣ϲðūɧ֮ࡣ
ȻʵҲûʲôõģλôЩ꣬߾λܶɱסūһδҰġ֪λǳ͢Ź֮ҲҪ̣ͬʱֻǾͬģܽūȥʢ
ҵĿʵ۵ǾӪһʢ֮ʱɽˮʱķ٣ʱǿ󶼽ʵ۵ķܶĿꡣ
ȿӽԽ
߾սȭͷ֮ʱǸȾˣ鲻Խ׷ȥ׳־һ±㱻
¾佫վȭͷ̵ģūϼң
ԣū𣬺ԼΪϻ浱ǲè
ˣһμ˴ĶûغˣҲ룬ﱧͷӾ͸գ
ûű£˭µģ
¶ЦݣڵĻҲıǴıϣд˽ʿܲЦء
һ̧֣žڽʿúһ֣ںȾƴڳ⣬ϵļϽ޻λɱأ
⻰˵ˣڽʿˬʵЦһţðҿɾͷԸҵıúúһˣ
ˬӦ£û⣬ƹܹ
һʱڣڴϵơ
˶ɢˣݷѰ˿ս˫Ž£µǲ
˱Ƭ̵ݼҵĶɾǺ£ǲȱٵĶ֮ģһϽҲǲףǰȱֵɡ
ݷѴϲһҲԸæл̧ͽֵ
ֻҲɲѹݷѺ޲ֱӽģ
⵱Ȼðˣڱ߲˵յ֣Ҫǵʱһ龩ݼҲǷˡ
ϾоǺãķ磬ɲȥεۣɲʱڵ졣
ݷܲأӽɲ˵˵ġ
ݷºŲߣѰ˸ͷʲôط÷ǵðŵߣ˵ãʹ˸ҿɲ˼ɰ
˸Ӱ쵽ȣػǴ󷽷ء
ңǳ˰µۣ˲ˬ
Դǣ˵˵ݼҶɳʲôûע⵽
֪֣һСĽԼﻰ˵ˣ˲䱻ҭסˣ²Ϊǳɣ
Ȼ˵ķǳϾ˿ֻһͱ¶ûĻôչգͷûб³׽̻
ί֪ʲô£ΪʲôΧڱΧô࣬ʲôʱ²ܶһˣҲݲ±ˡ
ǲܣӾͲܡ
ˣ벻ܲ˽²ںȥ
ʲôУ²͸ˡ
౧̾һһѵϳˣЦá


24 

ʱѾ, ھӪΧѲһȦ뿪С
ƫߣټѾǶ죬ԶԶ紵ɢǺﲢ̫ƽ, ƽأɽҲСȺء
ӪǱߣӪصĻʢ, ٱյЦҲԶ, ѾˣǳǳЦ⡣
߽һ۱ط, Լݹ塣
µԾŵĻ¸ϸ壬üеӳ˲, Ц
ȴĿڽʿû˿ۼУƫƫ
߹ȥһ, ھ޴кۡ
ͬһ, ฦһ㽫Լֱ߸ɾ˹ȥȻϵĿҲ΢΢ƶ, ȡ÷㡣
˰ɣ޸ġ, ȴܽɲ׽, ЩǻԲ, Ŷء
ֱذ, ⿾⻹ȵ, Ͳ˲ζٻϱŷֽ
أºȾû¿еĿʡ
㣬ЦеӴӽű߰һС̳أ޵ȻˡȾů޾Ͳˣӻůء
ëУһЦ֪µСӡ
ȻøոճʲôΪʲôеء
ɤӵϲͺȣűºȡűƵģܼˡ
˺ȾƵģӹԼˣҡͷ˵Ҳˣ̫ˣƤŴˡ
Ȼһʱ֪˵ʲôֻŵû
֣͵Ц˵ûһԿʺģһҪҾƣǺȾͺȰɣûһƵģҰҲ˸û
Ȼ˵ľ佫ͬٲҪƣһһͽô
࿴忴棬ûкΣƽҪ׾ϸ壬壬ǲЦӯӯСģ
һͿôñأ
ˣǱµ磬ǲ˵Ͳͬ˵һ
ֻЦţ˵ˣ۾һգһգȴҲ
ҪǲϣҾʹߡ
ͷһֻ߬ӣ֧Լӣĵˡ
߳¿ȥ佫˾˺٣ʱңԼֵƴע⵽ߡײ׽һǳСĲɽϣһһºžƣԳ˼ָĿơ
鲻ݣصСɫҪµס
СȥԼĲˡ
СȻ㣬Ѿ֪ͻȥʥߵֵΪ˲ŽƣֻԼһ֪ºϷ磬ֻܲұ˷֣ɴİء
Щ룬һô죬ôһСҲ˴ȤƻŮ⻰ֻ뷭ۣҲ;Ӫ׳ʵҪȥ˱湫أôҲŮմϱߡ
ִƣٴϰǱƣһƲҪҪǱʲôʱһˣ
ֿһۣκȴһɷ񣬷ԵģװȻ˵ŵ³һͷľ
ģǲǱµðɣ
ǰǰɾǰɣİ֮ȼҲ˷ܵζ
ϾǱµİԣʲô˭ҵץԼҵס
Ǹʶջ񣬸ܵӱһ£ͷʣôˣ
岻˼˶ٻǵϯȥ£Ҷ͵
һַסһȥĶӣƤĹĵģĻζ£ˮҲķҲԣƺȵĲ١
ƾȥƺҲߣҲѹѹ
ƽɿ֣ãھߡ
ཫ˴ӲȺòžӪѵһε֣٣ʡǳЩҪ鷳
⻹ͷһβȴ˼ģڸйƺֻܸߣľʣ¶ߵķˡ
Ȼ˻ʣѱʰ׵ʲôһӦȫ
Щ·ϻ϶Ǳаߵģ磬ԴתϹҲˣȫϡ
Ե˻ʣ෴ǰһѱߵڵĹͰ
ʵ۵ļʹھӪ⴦õҲܻȼ㣬涼չ˵ˡ
ͷ壬Ӱ첻תһ£֪ˣ֪Լǲеģæͽ˱
ʱ䣬ڻҲûůͶ٣Ǳá
ˮιУȥȥζҪȻľҲܡӪеľƶңƫƫôࡣ
һжʰ׵վڴߣ΢΢۵壬ɫ
ȡԺ³һ֣СȴˣһҲȥſճֽԾɴϵĺ·ꡣ
¹߳Ҫµģ컹ʡʡɡû˿Ҫ̵ӡ
࿿§ű£ҹи໥ȡůСӡ
࿿ߣᴵǲǸˡ
ߺ֪ʲô˼
Ķ䣺ҲҲˣԳƳҲûʲô⣬˵ȴ˸³˵ݡ
񳼣·ϡ
ֵ͵͵˵Ҫô¹ԹԵľͿԡ
û˵ȴһһ˳űµͷ˱
ǰʵеļζòģȻ˳Ȼķչ

ѵʱѴۣȿľͷɢӡ
嶯˶˲ľǰҲסϵĶ޹ִŽš
һӾӿĿһ˸ӡ
㣬ôأҲ֪ߵģҹļͻȻ
仹ˣȫƷȥˣҲΡ
ѹ壬ЦԺǰ˵̫ˣĹһ
ΪѵҲǰ˵ֻǡֻĸýˣշԵЩУԼȥҩǣϡ
Լһ߲ˣⷿô֪Լ˶ء
ڴڲ໹ܣҲû񣬷Ļɡ
˵ֻɰĽܲͬء
µԸĺú棬ղܡ


25 
Ī
վӵת, ֵĵһ죬Ѿ͸Ͻ˯ˣ첻͸ϵ, ȴûж
㼸Ҫǰ˴ʥϵȫ棬ֱǰôš
, 洫, Ʊµдǽ˽ȥ
ԴһתԵǵһ, Ϊˮȥԭϴʱˡ, ͰȴСʶĹԱǱߵ̫
ʰϴú֪Ѿ棬ཫӷŻȥԸ˳ɡ
쿴ࣺԭΪ㲻
ЦЦүٿ˭Ҳʹϲ̨С, ˴ڱ, ֱӸˡ
Ȼͬ⣬ݼ, ˵
ȥȥ˭ү, , ް°, ʲôǣ
ûǣ, ΪĹϵ, ڵвˣˣ˵౾ͳ仰˺úý㴸һǿԵġ
䲻ףʱʲô²ǻǶչɲŻߡ
ͷʹڣűһһǲ㣬۵ȥ
ȥԼ˵ıȴԼԼıһѳֵȼûиԾȻѵĵռ⣬ֵܿܲǡ
֮һƽȹյһҽڣΪҽ£ôҽ½һӣҽԱ
սΪòζʿ֪гĴͶ뵽սϣδΪʿΪм롣
ȥʱֻһ̫ҽ඼ڿյϽʶҩı顣
ΪҽԺ˶ϵ࣬ʣҽ̱վ΢ʺ󡣡
˵ͷŵҪ׵ҩͷǷġ

ȣƤвˡƺҽţ˫Ŀҽһ˲Ҫ֤һ
ҽ̧ͷһǰǸӣֽͷˡ
ãʺԵȣ΢ȥȡҩҽ̹̹תȥҩ
ֻһ˲ˣôһʲôʱȾܣ
ҽݹƿҩպ뿪Ƶķһƿ£һƿԼţԱʱ֮衣
ֻ˻ʣ࣬ôţֲȥ棬浱û˼ˣǽҩԼ˸ӵ档
бʷ治ͣ㻹ң
֪˵Ҳ޹ô»Ҫϧ塣
忴˿кһ˱һ˭뱻ЩǣסֽţҲֱսɱУôȤôֲĽӲɣôŲñ˴ӪڲԼҪҡ
ĥӣһ˱ôû°ô£ʺЩɣǾͿճˡ
ūû֪ҪڰĶ߻ʲôɴҲҵūֱӴһ̡
˱£䵽ߣҪƤһڣҾ͸ɡ
ѸЧͶҪײҪʱˣ̾һڣȻԼλϼ˱С
ˣƹͱµĲһ
Ǵ˾ʮټϾӪԭĶʮڵ¶ӡ
Խ˱ԽԾʮһĵʳֲ֣˼䲻̣Ǯʳ˲óͷ
ūڸ壬ϵȥ¼λĵǸҰĲˣĴūǿ׳ıǱ޹ܵȺΪʲôǵôһ̡
ǽµѹƣǽūɢȻнգ͢ΪһֱݻιλµڵҰġ
һֱڴӪ񣬽˳㡣
󣺡ЪһЪ廹̫ˡ
۵Ҳ÷ˣ˭뵽ྫʢô񶼲ƣ
ǿҲҪԼҲ˭Ƶġ
ʮȫ࣬ǰҲܽūӮ
ǡӦţĸµֹؽĨͣȻ꣬ɷ룬µף̫ˣֹǺãȴ׸⣬ûཱུȤʲôʱһһӡ
űպԼֵӣ鲻ԽЦۣ¼ʹˣҲǸӣƻҪ
ۼˣʹڻ磬Ҳ˽˱ȥӸȥ
Թ˯ҳȥ¡
Եͷ²Ȼ֪ȥʲô
һ˻ʣ˾ͻкȻͻһʶĶĿȥ䳡
йŹȻ˸սҪúһ»ʵ۳購
˵ţΪ⣬µ׽ϵȨ˿ˣȻ뵽طȥ購ȴʵˡϾһȻӣ£˭ܷء
ĶģϾӪ󺺶мҾ죬źȿͷӰб
ൽ`㳡ŷطŵһսʱսһ𣬻ˣǹֶ˺һԿࡣ
ࡣ
಻壬۷˽֪ӳ購
һԴ˭
ϾĬһ˲ǸҵĻû뵽˾ȻǸӲӣûһѪ˲ϲʽġ
һԲĴȴŴվ˳
һǵضɽҡĵĲ߹
Χ۵˷ϤϤȻ˵ܴұʵС
ֳִ󵶼򵥵ࡣ
󣡡
רȶĳأǸ߸˷ӦԼĳĻҪҪĸܽѪ
ҪսپôɽһĶ֣ûʹüɣ
ԱģĶϣ󵶿סĽ񱻶˵һͺ죬ʹȫȴٽһ
࣬ž޴ϵĴ۳ڽѹ
ۼΪУһʰѵļɣ׼䲻չȥ
ôܸᣬ˵ҼһֱӱԾԵõʱֶȥ̨ϣһӱˡ
˵ɫδ䣬һıǰĪӣЧҲǻ˵ĺܡ
ʱͱסˣɫѿڸɫͷףɥ䣺δ˹
ۼˣ̨ոңߴһ̨
ôһܶ滻˭ȣȼͼѹƣѹƣҲһˡķڷ
¶˼УȻûͱһ򵽺졣
ͷȵβһЩ˳ֵܡ
о󣬶ڶԱõ˲ţǲĿ޵ģ˵һٶһ㣬ҾмܲסˣٶЩɣֱǷʤҲͷ۰
ܵһޣʱ㻻Ц䳡
ӽԺδ˾õֵܣ˭ڮ٣ȹһء
һսھӪϾȭͷ˵ʱû˵ỰˣҪȻ˭ȱȣ
ϲ̻˻ʣȽȥжĪߣɵһȥ塣
屻ֵķˣһͷˡ


26 
ҹϮ
Դͻ¯, ˯˯ø̤ʵˣĶǳġ
, ʶ΢е춯һ˵溰ɱˡ
ЩԶӦղ, ʶ, ȴˣ˱µĶԼ
ڶ, ѥ·˷ڼϵĴ󵶾ͳ˻ʡ
ھְ, ǰûԶĶֻԶŷлԾ
ԥ⡭
ƣѹδ֮𶯣ñ, Ǳҡ
Ӧ, սһʱΧ, һֻӶɽ
ŵȷ˵ķ̤ȥӰĺͻ, ƫƫͷȴȻɱ, ɸˡ
˵俴ߵĲ, ȴʧ, Ȼ𾴡
, ս˴󵶵ֱ
˭ոȿͷȴôЩ£
һᣬֵĺڴʢǻѱȼˣһʱ佫ⷽضյĴ
ʿСģūˣôţͻȻӺһӰ׼Ĩ˸˲ӣ˴
ӰֲмҲ·磬۹һ䣬ŵɫ
ȻһӰһζᵶ㿳룬һġ
ζ˵δ䣬ԴκĻžžĹһѣŤͷ󿴼һɫˡ
࣬౻ⴵɢζѬö˰ĶϽΡ
ƾζͿԶ϶ūζδҲ̫ˡ
ɫһ£ѸٶϺӰӰһֵˣӡ
ŸתԴ㱻һ£һѪ죬Ȼӵ¡
ûϾӪʿʬ廹ԱĿüʹʼɱҲûʲôá
Ͼ͹ӪҲкж
಻ȻоԵѹƣ;ԵĻ̣ɱ˻εֱΡ
ϸɫûʣµʿԼȥд
ūѪֱڲΣԺҲܵɷ²
룬ΪھӪռϷľڸһߵһԵݸߵһָۣɻ㴵˸
һ죬Χū׷ײսʼߣ죬ûôɡ
ôôߣݸΣһ˲Χƺūǲ˽һ˺ü˲
ô˲Ӱ죬һһ׼һһԶҸɸɻ߸ʲô
Եչ˲ܡ
һأعʿһӵϣ׷׽Ⱥɺ޵ūˣеֱйߵš
鿴û©֮
վһ㣬Ӯ˸˵£ȴڵˣϳ䳡ϵ࣬Ȼ𾴡
һСͷıǵʿһʮˣ˽ˡūһˣһһʮһˣĶūĸҲС
ūľǳ䲻⣬ǵ˱ֱĨӵĿ²ʣµܿһҲȵĵ
ࣺǸʲôˡ
ūε£ūӾڵڵ׵ܵܡսϲͻϮҴ˸һѡ
죺û׽ס
˲ٿĺˣǡ
粵Ǹ߱ݸ߸߸һ£Ϊ˻ӣΧΧŵһҲսĺܡ
࣬ȴ˵ڣھԵʵǰǸԼҲ
ܲ𣬻˵ÿһѪĶɶܲ
оȣû뵽һССĸ߾û˷ӣҲ֪ıôһȺ˻ô˭ʤ˭
뵽⣬ҲȷϾ˵ˣһȺսḻõѪ˵ΪȺȻ˾˷һ£ıĻ䣬ûѪ
˼ıҪʼʵսѵӪıҪǿѵССһͻϮŪ
»ô˯
룬Ϊ˱µĺ˯ߣҲ
ָŷŴڵݸɸӵʣǲǾǸߣ
ԡ
߽ȥȻݣȴ˲СԴϱͷıӣϼʹǻ赹üɷҲһ
ô󵶽ԴԱһ¶˴űǻıһϵĺɫ·һͼڡ
üˣˮѡ
ԱߵʿӦȥȡһˮȥ
üһ壬ȻѸۣһʶҪϵĵ˲ͽˣѪ˳ͣסΧһȦѣԼµˡ
ϳսˣû˵ֻԹԾѰһ
ǲԭսʿǶε£˼ԼôһСͻϮС
ߣҲˡ˵ɫδ䡣
ȼŭ⣬﷢Хһ֪֪Ⱥҷܣ֪֪˭
ٿˣ̧۷Ը˰ýʿˣȻɱ´á
Χ¶Ц⣬ôֵܣΨ˸ˡ
˦ƹ֪ûбպͽƷĽŻ˻ʡ
һҲ֪鴦׵ˡ
˷ȥֻ뱧ű˯һչԼսȻҲˡ
һʱ鼱򵥵ķסȺūĽŲҲΧңŽûע⵽
˵ˣݵķοԶ·أ˷ʱ䡣
ڣཫѥһѣϴ§˯ıΧζ˯¡
бڣܡ
գ¶˾Ӫ֪ҹʲô
岻ݣôңҲðͽһ˯㲻Σһ¶أ
ʶס֣ЦҲ
⻰һǸˣǰһȺ˯
죬һ˲һۣȴʢЦ⣬α·ˡ
ۣΪĳͷȥͻϮūûֻūȥ
֮£ҹūӪΪǾӪӦǼĵطȴū˿ӣʲôҲС
ԣֻ
໹ôֻܾãúãȥɱǸֲ
˵ɫҲ˳˷·
ǰˡ
һԴһ޼δūһֲ
л˵
л 1סһŬģ


27 
ʲô
ڸ, Ƚ˿סÿˮιţ֤û, ϾūĶӻǸвʱ򣬸гһջΪϡ
ͻϮūΪϸ߱ū϶ʧܵ, , Խʱһİܴū⧲
ȥ, Ҳᵢʲô˵, ˵¡
ҵıӣǵĵкúüѪȻʱûǶҵ
֧°ͣҪСıǻǴӾзֳľȥ, ȥҲС
ͷ, ųȥƾͺˡ
ϲҵսҾþӪڵķӦüǿһ, бµıҲúú, ˴򲻹һū
ͬȷʵ, Ǿʹӽ쿪ʼѵӱ, Ҳõ, ʿӲ͡Ѳ, ȥһ
ãѵ½ҡ
˵ǺȤģһȺˮⶼ˲٣˾΢ʡ
Ȼ¶ҪӪˣҲûʲôɡ
Ͼո³ղһ𣬵úýµıãغຮ֮ء
˼ӦˣȻٲҪԭѵĽͻѹסͬʱס˳ĺûᡣ
ǻʵۣΨҶ𣬵ΪǸһ֮֮ϵˣʹоԵʵȨ
˵Էֿȥæˡ
ߣԤĵûһҪԴѵ׷ҪԼõı¶ɫ࣬үɫһ񺮡
Ʋٿ۾ԽԽãôҲ
ʹٶˣһ˫۾£ʲôΣŸ
ˣ˴ͳɡ
ΧһȦĽ˳ŵЦ˻ɢȥˡ
Ƭ̺źƺƵһȺ˿ʼѵҪ̵ľ׹ʽΪ彻̫ӣʱ䲻գԲŻ
ּЧ죬ԸʺҪսʿΪܶʣӿ췴ӦٶȣΣͷֱӱݲϢ¡
Ⱥʿ
ΪѵأͰձ˵ģһˮ˸Ǳ

ϣƽԭϣԶսԶ˿˶žֻݵǸĸһ㣬塣
סͣԶƬ̺һȺҹΪһĴҹµϢı׷׾Χ
һۣ˱ݹȥ
ƥս˩˿£һȷСӣֵ֪Ĵ·λ𣿡
̽ȷ̵ش𣺡ؽСĲ㶨ݵĴ·λǵλҲ֪ˡ
಻Ŀ佱ɵò
ŷԸūפӪȥԵҹЩƾζж
Ĺ򼸺ƽ£öӹǣǲһ˵ĺˡ
ȵūӪظһƽֱŵԴѹȥû˵۾ȴ˼𵱸ӡ
صͷѲ߶ȥһۣͳǵ˴ƣкӰһһԾūפУȡ
߸ҴűͻϮǵľӪŵĿľջǵݣӸϲһһֵ߽ǱˣǾ;Ĵ
ôףԱرǾʹԼ۸Զͻᱻɧš
ͬͬҲū
壬װ׾ʹģҲ˵ʲôūݾ׬١
ڣÿһ϶лӣҪľǶദŻ
嶯ˣ˱·һһҡ
ཫȼģĶѾȼˣ׼׽ġͻȻһսǣһֳ䵶ū۶ۿ˸
Ǵ󺺸ͣסŲžҪ󺰣һʱ鼱Ҫϵݣôһһˡ
൱ҪĴ󵶣һһղŷӦ߳ǲӦתͷҪȥū󺺵䵶
ūѽѽһ󺰣ΪҪæ̧䵶⣬ʹɾһᣬֻ䵶һ¾䵽ϣȻ˳ֲĽū󺺻ڵء
Ĩ˰ˣݻûžͱ¶ˣҸոǸһ󺰣Ѿˡ
׸ɲһݣ䵶̽ūϮȥ
ūפص˳µڵĵܵܶӾĵµεһдˣū쵥ں󷽣ս
һ·м۶ȥĿŷֲԾ̫ˣʶȴûкˡ
ֱӽȥ鿴һˣΧҲܱ
ʶǱˣɴҹȥĶء
ūӵӣȥȸˣϾǺ˶֪ͬꡣ
һ϶㲻ˣūӲڣⲻûô
Ͻ̵ϣһǿʼȼվ֮ߡ
ϾȻʲôӲڣȴڵģǻûбһµӪء
ȻĻԽԽ˲ע⣬Ȼ֪͵͵ӪˣǷ׷׼ȥ
ʱ򣬽󷽷ȥ͡
Ϊıжָӵõҵݽˡ
ฦһ֣̱Ըߡ
ͷѸٴһȱڴӳūӪء
һյأǻҪߣȴֹסŲüͷࣺԾǽյķδ̫ˡ
ʱ䣺ǲԾūĶȴǲӪأӦйء
Է񣬶ߣ
Ҳô룬ǿ죬ûūˣֻķһ
ѸͻϮūūѸȥˣǳ䲻
˵꣬Ϻգһһأ߿Ѿˡ
ô˵廹ѸٷԼӪһһ㡣
ʹܴܷһߣūҲˣѵġ
صӪȥѺߵĵط˴ţȥһŷǸߣǱεԼˡ
֪߱ˡ
Χһأ˭Ҳ֪ôˡ
ȷʵʧְ
ϸһ˿أ룬ūӸߵȴȫͬһçײһ˼ܡ
ūҲ˼ı
飬޲һ˾׼ηλãûè壡
ЩƣȥץһθߣŸһλΡάֵľǳĬԣಽ壬źá
עǸ֮ҹҹʼ飬Ÿ˻ʡ
ǰס֣ģǼ򵥴£ҪȾůɫ
ٶȺܿ죬Ƚ˻ڣֹסվ
౾ܲ⣬æȥ壬ֻ룬Ϻͮͮģ󾪣æסȥԶͷ
̵̹ģ˲
ڣ۾󿪣˵ϣģ࣬ܡ
ɫѿô˱ϵ֢Ĵ磬ȣҲ֮ˡ
Լ罫һ¶϶¹˲̫ҽž壬ż̫ҽлˣһָֻļϣԴԴڼȵĻԾϸ½
ܵˣ£ʹԼȫ¶ǱȲһࣿ
ӷᣬȴ˵⣬ٶȲӰһ̫ҽס˯̫ҽȫı¡
£Χ·𶼱ģˣཫԼϣû˳Եء
̫ҽΡΡҽ˷ֿæ룬ʹȥץҩ˵ģ¸ľǶһʵС׼ס
ȴҶԻʺ˵ˡ


28 
Ų
忿, Դ鱻ûһ
ཫֱϣ¶ȴֱһ, һ߹һˣѾôʱˣͽڵȴ㲻Ч
ҩأ
ÿھ֪ʺ󼱳ʲô, ΧһȦҽ, ȴҲҪҩá
ڣҩʼðݣڳɬζ, ܻҽæҩʢ, Ȼˮһ¾ͼæ˳
ҩҩˡҽһӣСܹͷ϶ĺˮ˳ü¹
ŵؽҩݵϣſճ˺顣
ҩ̵֣, ȴڵȡཫҩĴ, ΪϰʱѧѨλ;, 밴ôʹʡ
ཫ£ڻСȥιһιһ, , ιһڡ
Ǹϸ, ҲҴ, ±Ǻˡ
ò, һðҩˣҲһ亹
ҩһ飬ҽǰ֮ŵݱ˯һԼĪ賿ʱٿʱ¶Ƚͺ˵͵ҩˡ
ǰҹȵ賿Ҳû೤ʱ䡣
ϸţĩ˵Ƕȥ֮˭˵
һҽ˳ȥ˳ȥռŵҽ˯ĵط
ҽվֱߵ˳ոµıȥɢĵطջһ
˳̸̺ǣҲԾسȥˣ뿪ǰصūžţʺ·ԸһСȻӡ
ڶüƣȻ۾עߵҩա
ģ̫úȡ
Դϵ뻹ûажƣߣϣȻԼϣԵССһš
෢Ѿûˣɸܴ
÷⽫ͷҧһӣŵͷɽĿУֻĺĴţʶĺˡ
弴ʹҲϲѪͷƣûӵȻܷѡ
ʱʮ㣬Ҳĥһһ㽫Ѫɹȥ
ֱûѪζ̧ͷĴ롣ǿʱͷϵ˿ڲѾˣѪˡ
ؿűµĺѾԽֻ촽ԾǺġ
᲻ۣôôôҲ
һҹ඼ûۣʱʱȥ̽ϵ¶ȣҲ֪ѪЧ˻ҩã¶ȵǽ˽಻ͣԼͷҧҧơ
ȵ賿滹ûд¶ȫȫ
ŵһˣҽʱҲһкŽԴϵȡ¡
ҽоԼĶ䵽ʵ¸ѾȥˣٿЩķӣһٲϵĺȣԣġ
ҽ䣬˵߶ʶǱ£ֹס˻ͷ
ص˵ͷԼ岻£Ҳ˵һԣǰҩûžͲȣʱʱ̿ڣͱ˺üء
ãζҩúһζϲá
Ҷţҽҷģҩֻܿ
ҽãݺᣬ˵ҩЧҲΪʲôû˸ҹܣһٺһٲȡ
ҽȥˣŷȥµա
˯ߺãʱҲѣͽ˿Ϸ죬Ż˻ʣϣ˭Ҳµ
Ҫ֪ڶۣǵ۵Ӵ
˻ʣ˾£ûѣԲ뿪һǸġ
ܵҪãȥҪĶࡣ
ڵֵûб££ڱϵı죬ɫһֱڡ
λδԼƲǱ£ɫϹԼۣݷᡣ
δ˺ã֪ʲôԸϴӣãʥ˼һܲ
ｫһ˵ֱ꣬Ҫɳȥ
æ˵Ҳãǰʱ䣬վھվڣʲôôлɵӲŲȥӡ
򷢳ȥŷϴڱߣһκҩʲôʱ㽫ԴԼĸ첲ϣš
ϵ޼ɵӿ񿴲һ꣬ζԱȵκɽ亣ζζ
Թ۵ҲȲζ
ûпΣ͵ֻһȴԲУǲ
ôֻܱ壬Űһһڣˡ

һУ˯ˣٴʱߵλѾˡ
һԱȥֻö˶ڴ׵ϣǰѻ񡣿ɫɲ԰ףԱ쾪ĵĺȴǺ̫ˡȴ˼ζ·ҪסΧһ
ͷ𴲡
¸оô߹ȥʡ
ͣ±ʣһתӸ¼Ȧǵûˡ
û˵´ٲȥ໰ǽһۿȥϵҩÿضµĺҩ»һȥ𴦣˵ūӪˣɽ۶ǵá
ཫҩǰһݣţǹԹԺҩ
΢΢ŷʣԥҩ룬ͷڣһʽ
ûһŵ֣ǡ
ද˶٣סˣ´ξͶڡڣûа
ʶͷ̧Ȼ촽ϵҩգȷʵ࣬Ұֵ㡣
˵ϸϸȥ壬ֱеĿɬȫ̻ŷֿ
ɸһֿһι̵ȴֱֱֱϣգ۾ڿޡ
ԽգˮԽ죬ȪˮƵġ
һηֱѩģˮġ
ޱޣʲôֵȥޡæȥ壬ҲǲҲǣżֱסȥǹϵ飬ǵ۽Ǵ
۱÷۵ģ޵Ķˣ׳˺ңβֱ÷졣
Ը˱µβȴԼĿģôҲ˱£ȴ˲ġ
౿׾ʣʲô˵˵˲Ųί
СƵı˱죬ʣ˵ǲǻã
˵һܻã󶼳ϲԥ
ΪЦԾɾסⲻţ֪鷳ˣҪִȥͣûǵˣͲôҹҪչҡΪʲôҪŵȥĶУͲٸһ𣿡
޵֪ûˣҲҪ㡣
˵ɣҪʲô޵Ӧ㣬ȫ档
Խ˵ԽԾӣŵҪߣ
Ťͷ
ԼҪˣ뽫£ôô
Դѹ˵ŭί˵һ飿
򴽣죬СҲû
ཫս˵һ飬Ҫظ˵Ҫ˵ھߣҪ˵ԺͲ˵ʲôң
ûĵģ෢˺ݣҲԲԡ
Ҳߣ˵ˣûһƤģӶ
ʹݺݵĻҲû度£۴˵˲˵ˡƺڸԼ׳
ϺЦûĵġȻһѽԼ޵ĳˡ
໳һ䵽ϡ
Ų


29 
ӣ
౧, Χһʱ뾲ס
Լƺ˿˿ۣûǣȴʤƳǡ
̽°, ŵļ⣬˿鸹Ƕ棬ѪӿĽʵֱ·
һ˶۵ĺ, Ľ
ȻҲ, ȴ˵˼ȴв㡣
ԲͶĺĴѲ, ʣ˭ܾܾһء
, ĺļ֮ţ½¡
ʱ׽סҵ֣εˣյ, Ͼ
ֲͣ, ʹü۵ϾͲϡˡ
Գʱ¡
ЦһԽ, Լ, Ȼȷֿ, Լϡ
ˡ徢֫
ü, , Ƶƿ, ǲֻסĲӣ޿
඼ܿϵϸСëˣûж;ؿԼı¡
ɫ۾ϣ˼־뵡ζ
ǰ˲䣬ͷҪȥࡣ
ۼʳﶼݵߣô޶ԣڵȣĿ
ǰĴ࣬λġ
һ룬ֻ촽ϣѵˮһû෴Ӧֱӣģ͸Žһ㡣
ףǲһ
¶ϧɫճһֻȥסԴȥ߬סĴ
ղŵĲ㣬ڵֻ
ҲϧģɽƲסˣʵֹԣԶԶ˿·һӾҰˣŻ˵ݣ޼ɵ
ۡѴӴ֮ݳۡ
͵÷Ӧæ뿪촽ðСѪûҲ˳
ˡ
촽޵ģϸС˿ΧȴǷס
޴룬ҲˣԲ
尴סҪ鿴֣ɽѪûˣû£ֻһʹܿͺˡ
Σļε˱µ촽
Դļͷź·˳űµļۣһһ£ڰ
ã˶־ִ˵ܰʱ룬ع˳°ڣŽ˷
ϣ
ӦһӽȥȫͷҲ̧ǰμ¡
ô
ΧȫˣԸҲ֪ġ
ر£ѾˡӪȷʵū˵ӦѾ׽˳ҹū˾ȳߵģ䡣
СϾû˼ֱӵѹﴦ㼴ŲӪūйϵˣ׽ֱӰʹ
㱧ȭӦǣ
ʱ΢΢̧ͷϣλδ󽫾ڱߣֻûˣ˵ֱֱϣ̧Դֵȥ
ãôоصעˣ
㲻⣬˳ȥŲֵæóһʱ䣬ֻ½ǲˡ
ȿȥˣ忴ࣺˣҲ߰ɣһֱô£
֪ǴߴȥѵȺûѾͳȥˡ
ȳӣȥı֪һСū֣Щͬʱ룬ūû˲Ҫ𣬷ֵ̫÷ǽ
Ҫǿ
˺úѵȻſʼһļල֮á
ʡû˼ְūϡ
˵ˣǻϳôֻҪūӪһ첻أȥ׽߲ͻӥ׽Сһ
˵ɾ͸ɣൽʱǰ˽ɢҸȥ·ûȥҪһƥֱūӪ
εţ˵ϴֻǽͣ£ôֱӳ˲ע⽫Լ˸ôĴūſֱ
ô˱һ˿˿ӣȴ˵ˣֻеūӪԽԽ
Ӫڵһа˸ūǰŴŵģű߽ɢˡ
һū˶䣬˷һĿǰӰҲûУѵĶ䲻ˣ
ɫ˴Աߵˣι壬ʲô𣿡
һ飬ʱ˲٣ʶصûаôˡ峯ΧûмѲߵˣʱԴеңˣΪﱻˡ
ūŶŶվ˸ڣʱһûˣֻЩֵǷγġ
ڵѾ·ߣһƲסִˣѡǣսȥ
սҲܳԵоϵζζô
ҡǣȥ˭ҲͣһͬϢȻֱĵطߡ
һ·ߣһ·۲죬ʵū뺺˳ĲȫȻһֱ˵ڡ
ݵҲֵҲãһƤⶼֿˣ˵Ļףڤڤ֮жǴ³ĻûͲ
ȻĻֻҪǿŶûľͲΪûǾʳٽ֮ʩеġͱʳ
û˻ʳ˵ʲô
ūԼϰףõĶȴɱմȾ˺˵Ϣ
Ϊụ̂ͨҲǽӹġ
һ·˷˹Խٽ߳ū¾Խ࣬ū˽ֶμ֮ȫụֻ̂δɵׯսҵķݡ
ǣڵǵĵط
һŵطüں֪ʲô֮ɾϡ
ͷ̾ίˡ
һǣͷ
ԼսһɾĵطԭëƤ˳˽ýǣߡ
Լٺãű˵ѰһȥȻһģƥͻȻܾȿһ󼦷ɹоū֪
һū˳Ǵ󽫾£׼
ӣū󽫾ǲǴôūƽƽλ
Ҳû˭ˣҵѣȻ˼ҽˡ
Ȼ룬ȴûаֻ⡣
ʰ飬ȥġŸūӵܹϵȥ˵Ӵūµĵط
ҵŷҹѳɷ棬ղյøɾūûʱ
Ĺ𣬿Ҫͱһ
ͬʱ˷棬ԱûڼеȴȥһһУó
ӣԲȥثһȻǱҽĴˣȥҲǵģ
ӣʳʧ˲٣ȱĿʣ޼ˣսĲϣʧࡣ
ӡ
һǿѹ˸ߣô
۾һˡ
װأ


30 
ں
ռûʲôͬ, ֻǶϢĲ⡣
߷ڿŵͷϵ⣬Ĩϵ, ϵĺɫ·Ť죬޺޵磡ҴȥֵûˣǵʳҲûˣް޲ھͽǸǧ, Դߡ
ȭͷش˴Լؿ, ҵֵǵһɱ࣬ɱ˺˵Ļʵ, ǵͷ­׸족
ԶҲ챻ŵڲϵζĿ⣬ҲΧһصʬ塣
ǶܵĻ, սϿԽ󱳵ĴڣȫôزЩ˵ĸûܽǵĶӴ
һҹѾʱ⣬ֻҪɱ࣬˭Ҳ֪, Ҳʤˡ
վ磡ȥ, ȥͷ­ժ統¾Ʋˣ
վһ΢ؿ, ƤݺƢСֻܳƵɼΡҪ֪ʹ÷ҲƷ, ˽, ˽Էǳ, ûʱҪѡǰ塣
ûе, ֻ˵Ǹġ
ؾͲͷȥ, 롹λȥ
ڻƤ̾͵ϵūһ¾վһȥǱ׳ΧһȦûڻӵϣϵȴ١
£˭ȥϴεĽѵ𣿡
࿴ˣū˭˭ռݾԵơ
ūһͨ˸ߵ棬ѹ첱Ӵȴ˵ֻߺ޺¡
ߵĸ߻ûãһ߾ֳˡ
øȥȥ£ʳˣʹȥҲ
԰ûʳʲộϣҵݶҪԲˣ
ӣ취
һ໴ĴƵã׷ҪӸ˵
ūϰ⸱ǼӵĺһģԳԳԣ֪ԣˣݵ±Ͱˡ
ǷӦͶˣ
Ȼ˵һȺŸ˷׷׽Ŀ£һ˫˫۾ƺʣôͰ
ūӲÿǾ֪˵ʲô˸ӣȻǰһӣгٺ٣ͽͨ˾ӪִİȸǵӦźţɫǵʳ˵ǾӪ׾ٵ¶
ʱֵǴںȾƴڳ⣬˭в
ɫһٹעΧȻҵգҲڹάλūӡ
һϸͨݵͨԲһһϦܰġ
ūͼ㣬ȻҲǰڰġ
ڵıȴȫԼ֪ˣ֪˵˻ǲҡ
ǿϧˣһߵڣɱȾֻζ
һūеλܸߵŵĴĴָû£ﻹ߶ţߣߣߡĻͱͻȻСˡ
СűԴͷش˽Ϊ⶯Ҫһͷͷˣ
ӣ󽫾˾ţڴ󽫾Ӫ׽ˡ̧ͷ˶һۡ
ūĴ󽫾ֻǴˣ֪ΪԸҪȻΪʲôһӪȻʣǸܸġ
ǹƨ£еûӣСӹȥ̣ӺôƨҲѵ
С˼ˣСȴȰȲͣٵ󽫾˵ȥƨϵİӡҪǲʹǸӡһ˵ӡֱҵΪֹ
Сһ˵ĩ˿һ仰˵ȴɫ࣬ԥԥ˾ˡ
ԭմ״ʣ֪ʶӡ
ƨϵİӡ
һϢҲô棬һƥˡ
ڵĶѾ϶Լʹ죬һƥǴ̫ͷˣ棬ǽԭһʿλùá
𣿲ܣ
ѾĴ
Ѿģ
ֵǣ̫ȥ޵ūӳɤӴֻ۾ҲǳһƬ
ò˵ںзΧĶĺ츳ĻЩ׷׾ʰҪųȥеĻֱƷ˳Էӡ
һԣۼֿҲҪŶӳȥĸߣգ֪ʲôġ
ԽԽңŭͷ£Ȼû˷ָѾϢεˣ׷Ҫɼܵơ
ǳȥϴˣΪ˺٣ʱϷ磬˷Ӧģģһӿϣƾ
ȭͷȭȭ⣬ײģƨѹģ֮ûҲԽԽ
ίǾϰӡôİӡΪģԸģ˶ӻ˭
һɵҲûţǿˣҲҲɣ˭ϡðעϣģޣ
౻𾪵ĺϲ£죬һƬعŸȥ֪ûԱս
ҲںӻˣֻҪ;͸ٽΡ
Ļսͬĵطȴƽ˾ûвսϡ
һƥҵԼһƥغɫĿȲϺѪҲһƥԡⷽûʲôҪƥͼΪ⡣
ཫǣ˳˸ԵȻ󽫸̵ϣԼ׼ūӪسڣȻ޽˷֮ǰһ
ĿǰĿȷȫȻţƥһƻһӰ
ūӪٴʶҲϳϵĺװ硣
߸ű־ԼǿûҲ֪¾ͱ˳
Ǹ߽£
ūʿҪˣ೶µս̧ǰԲ˼ĻԽ˹ȥֱ˰ΧȦ
ޣƯ
ūսҲΪٴθĶ֣ͣǴ
ūĿѣߣ
ȥūӪĳڴûܵЧֻ±һŻҵūӪ
Ÿߣ౾ֱӻؾӪ뵽ŵµʳץס˵ȥ߳ʳΪá
߳ϵ˼ٽ߾һǳأʲôУӪڵҲ˵Щ
׾۽⻹ЩֵõĹӡ
㣬˾Ӫ˽ٴοʳȥ¡
ȥ߳ǵһǰ̽ӾͽūĻҸˣȻҲ׽ס߾ͺֱײ˵Ӫ
˻ȥһûã͸Լôϲ
Ǿϲ𣿷Ǿţ
ūӪҪǱ׽סǾͽ첻ӦеصزˣȫƾһǻѪҲȫ
ԼԴϵͻͻͷ۵
ʱҲ˻ʣԾЦһ·һ·˵°ʱҩûУҸʲôҩ𡣡
¡ཫеʳǰ
ԹԺҩǳԡ
һǣιߣűޱȴ׺ҧ˽ȥ
Цݽסá


31 
ǡɵǡ
Ŭ̹̹, Ѿ
ôˣ
лζȴôÿգһʱһĲȻƮ, ЦûʲôֻǾ̫ˡ
´룺԰ɣȥ߳Ǹģ˺ôһ, ԡ
΢Ц, ¶˵ζ
ࣺ
ʱ˿̣ǻװɵֻмǡɹȥūӪ׽˻
ͷ
˫ִ갡, ײٿ壬۾ӶˣȻǡǡɿǴ, Ҹ˵ô˼飬ūڲȻڧǸҪжҡ
ѾƵϣӲ, Ҳֻﻹ
ۿ, ȴֹڸСһת, 죬Ӱ
±𡪡ū˸Ҫ͵ʳ
ֶסһ, Ȼ˳Ȼ൯˵ϲڵĻҳ
˰, ЪЪ, ͷ춼, ھ˴š΢΢˴, ٺƲˡ
ĶɵЦۣūӪЦһ
׺ˣûԹӣԸ̡
ǡ
ЦҿЦɵ˴ɣ˫ȭѵ֣ǿūӪڲˣɥ
ס˵죬ҧгƫƫȴҪɫȳԷ
죬˵ͷ
Ž˴ţΪ岡ϺҩһٷԵ嵭Ӫȴ㡣࣬˰ĿζһӲˣģԣһɡ
Եùѵ˵İһ£ģɾͲˡ
극걻ȥ˸Բں׷µϡ
彫ߵͼϣɫϸ˵˵һ¡
֪µҪԣæ˵˳Ȼȥ˽ȥḶָֻ́߳
Ʋཾӣһ䣺
Цۣ˹½ҾͳɣȥūڵİȻֱӽס
Ȼ֪ūʲô¾
˼⣺ö°ҵֱӸңˣݴҲü֣üһΣȥҲҪū׼ɡ
˶ūȴãԼڣƺԵⶼӭжˡ
ĻʺȻи֮ˡ
ͬʱūڲǵĴ󽫾֮ĲԸ˵ص֮־磬ҪıЦһЦ
౾ӵǺȤˡ
ΪûūһֵúúöԴĶ֣Ҳ￴ū
ȴôūΪūǺѾĳ̶ˣеʵ۶û͵̬ȣùȥףټūʱɧţѾˮݵĵزˡ
ûӳ˵ĵ
ֻ֮ССְˣѪܵĴӶûҪǣǱضһ¶⣬ѹ²С
ô
ʹ岻Ҳ֪ϸϸ˵еĹĶҪݳˣϻǼΪá
ڳϴȷ̬ȣ˲١
صǿ´βжһūӪ
͵ͷݵֺһβͻһɨһɨ
ԵĲӡ
ܽ᣺ܵ˵жսƷʢֵüνȣּ˴ֱӪ׽о죬ڹ˷й˵о͵Ϯȹ֮ͣطΪ
ǰƷһֱţûּ⣬ѾĬƷġ
ĵƷҲͻأ
סʣƷĹ٣
ԼࣺƷ
ϲЦտǸϵ¹ߣƤЦּ
˳ʥּǶˡվ۵Ĺؽڡ
½æվӭȥź¾ޡ
購購赽ϡ
ϴЪ£Ϊһҹ˯ĲȣʱʱҪôҴҴӣȻĬĬĥһ
ա
ජ彫ҩ꣬ʰʰ˵̺ʽȥū˵İ
Ҫ˵ֱǱūһελľ棬鲻ԸϨ˼ϱĻҪģҪǲϴô죿
Ҳֻǹ鷳㣬ֵȥë˱¡
˴ָʼңΪ鲻㣬Ÿˮ׶ҪŲȥǷа
ͬʱЧҲͼӰģɨĵطǲܳ
ÿƤҪȷʵأٶȻ첻ˡ
ϧȵ磬ǻһ񣬵ͬʱѾΧĵط̽ˣûҵͼ
ڿʼūȱǣǵĻһǽڵΧ
ܵĵط̽ˣŲ˵ľ
ԭΪһҵȴЩˡ
ҪҵҲػˣıѰ˸յưǷ
˵ķһζ
ϴ鱨᲻д۶ұˣڰʱūǸʹʹһ̣ôСūսô밵¾ʹˡ
µһϵãԱ߳ԷҲǽϴǽ
ͣ¿ӣд
׶ˣдūϵڲزס˵Ĵ͵
˻Ǿͳٸϴһ飬ŽĶҳҲһڵĶ
Ŀ䵽ϣȻ󻺻ơ
͵תͷûУ
Ա߾ǳͳһͳһݷõĵط
ֱ˱صˣû⡣
ֱӵɵĵط̨أ
̨ضǼģڸûҽڣͽ˷ʤˡ
ȻʶɫѿûС
ˢվҲˣˣȥһδ
½꣬Χע⵽Ҳ׷׼ӿٶڳվ
ȥ˴Ϊѹڳڵǲæˣཫǲɢȥһ¿ʼҡ
ڵ̨ܶ࣬üУÿһжʮ̨
ûһһС͸ߺҵˣһ󶴡
æǰֻҽɨֱӳ˸ľ壬ûа˿ڣţ϶벻Ǹʲô˵ʹ֪ҲҲ
ʱҲ˹ϴûˣֻһ
ʹȺǰ࣬ʱҲԸܵЦ⣺һ͹ˡ
û뵽ɣʹһҶҲһѺ֡


32 
Ƥ
Ըֱȥ, һпɵҪڲ˵׽ס˽˴غãҪ¶άԭ
Ƕֿ, ̾ӣǣ
֪ζʲôס⣬пܼսϵԱūڽڰˣݵҪԿɲ˵˵, յʹ˼ȥŲ顣
ڵһ, βżȥұ¡
ʺڵķȥɫɻ, ӡ
̧ͷŽԵʳɿ, ֳϸķˣ䶯˵̬
۾һ˼Ĩۣ䷳ظ߳ҪʵĻ
˺ö࣬Ҳ, ųʲô, ҩɺˣôͲ⣬Ҳ߯ˡ
಻ڿϸ, ԷõĴ붼ûʲô
̹̹·ˣڵĻ¯ȼñƽ, Ҿͻ˱·кúó, ׷, ҩҲ, ȥ
һ, ǣҲһǼͷ˱һʳҲЩ˵Ļ
˵õСĲ񻰣ܹ˽ϷЦ⣺㰮ʲô˵ض
彫ĵĻһӦʣüĿû
ͷסµ˫֣ϲüҵˣҵİӦþˡ
㼱ˡ
ǹһĨЦɫϸϸ˵
£κ˶ɿˣֹ˼ʼ˵
ھӪ̨棬ֻһǶڴˣһ׳ɵ˽ȥӦò⣬ûȥ鿴ӦǸ֪ģݵĵطÿȻڸǡ
Ϊ˶ӣѾ˽ɵĿѺסˣȶǸūϢĿܡ
˵ãҲάԭʲôԴչȭţҸ㱣ݻ
˵ͬϽղеζ
Ծ࣬ʹ³çո˵󣬵ȷȷʵʵΪԼһƬ죬Լǿĺܡ
һʵۣűˣȴܻסˡ
ɬ˾䣺á
̧ͷֱֱײһ˫ЦУֲʲôҫϡֱ׵ϲİƺС
ۣƯκη羰ңôһˡ
彫񶼳Уĥ֡
ţܺãͣ㡭
δ˵ֱ꣬׽Ӳ͸ҡ
첻ߵְֺޣһۡ
г㣬ԼⷽȻ׷һô׷ģƤʱܳ£
˵ˣĹ٣ʥּǲټӹˣ鱦ͱµĹϵǲǴһڴõһڴôû鷳
ʲôأĶڼȱ
ǰǡһƤôģȴ˵ʱԹʳﻹҪ𣬻Ҫζ
ȡĲ㡣
Ҫ˵ȴΪѵĵز뾹Ȼ벻Ҫʲô
˵Ҳ츳ֵԵ䲻ϲ
ŶϲҲġ
ʱΪҲӦ࣬ո䡣
޸հʥּ޵ʲôʱҪʲôʱͿֱá˵Ц⣬ü࣬ƺòá
ĿɲٿؿռЩͬʱԳ⡣οһθͿհʥּش
˵ʽء
൴žһͣˡ
ҪʥּʲôҪʲôȻȥá
һɧίߣ̫Ūˣ˶ڸǰȴ˵¡
ûʵۣûõԼĴŪԼԼҲš
Цⲻһ
ཫ˫Ʋȥı£ʥּʥּھ͸ھд
д尮νҪһֱһ𣬳þ롣
ھд
ҪߣӸ¿ţһƣ³ĻȴôˡһȻ㴿飬ҪǱЦ
˳ȥȡʥּõպī֭ŵݸ࣬ԴһԿ
պñʣſдĸ棬۾ţдˣдųһվֱӡ
ཫʥּСĵݹȥȻ»ҡ
֪̰īЦһۣܺӣŵҸһ
˾Ҳʽ
ȥӲɲŻɫ˫ֽӹ޽еʥּȻó֮ӡ£Ȼʥּࡣ
˾䣺ɡӹʥּͲԼ
ʥּѾȫͬˣҪþôϡ
չˣѾҵˣñһڡ
Ҳɬһӡϣˣν⣿
ŬѹסҪǣʹҲֻǵҲԣȡٽ
ıĺ
һʱģϤˣԴзһȦඥ˹ⲻ߳ѹıô
һãһ˷緶
ݷᣬƿҪ
ʱ鼫ãʥֱּζЦѡ
壺ǽʲô
Ƚصͨη̽ԸūҪȥԻūūΪǵעսϣ˺󷽵ķ
ථūΪԼѾʤȯնðҪľ׽
ֻô׽Ҫǡ
ҴȥСΧūϴε²ǺңҪֻҪҽһѹƲסŭ׷Ҫ׽ңҵͷȥ͡
༫ţϾڴūӵƤӵֻ׽˸ߣﳤȥһصĻҡ
ūһ඼ǡ
߻ǵηأΪ˱ϴεĽ֣ϴμ׵ˮֽ俳˴룬Ÿߵʵۣ޲Ū
ܣܣΪūķ²ūк˵ķ²
Ϊ˷²֮ݵƽ嶼øˣսĬ
ͷԣ˳ǵıǷн˧֮ţһ԰¡սūȻٴȥһ˺úһǵĶǲ
忴¼΢עʧһڣָ˴úúϢ񡣡
ڴ֮ԥӡһڣűŻＫΪӵʥּ˴ϡ
ܶĵڶҪˡ


33 
̤
½, ҲʼѡҪȥӭսʿ
սϢѾһҹ֮䴫Ӫ˶ĦȭƣϣԸһȥϾս˶ūĳҪҲһҪԭ
佫, ܳҲҵӺ
ǧˣȫ, ɽˡױ˾, ʣµľڸеģûʱһ𣬶ǵ˾ݱ˵Ըټ, ȻٿǷȫȫβ
ʽݸ壬Ȼ˳ָԼҲµ˱ˮ
¿, Ǵ˴ҪȥʲôԵֱӸˡ˿ˮ
˵ţСūʹ߰ݼŴ̧ͷɫδ˽
ȥ, ֻһ෽˽, ϴ鲼Ƥϲ˪ȴоʮ, 񲻼ᶨȴ͸žó򽻵ˡ
֪, ΪūĲѱ, жūͨϸƵ, ڹϵʱж̵ͨĿ, ūӪĹ۲, ūһȺ˵þ߻ոµմɣԵϸΣȵҲݵļŨĲҶ
ūʹ߱жȥȫǱѲԱŵʱͫһ¶ԥ͵عһ¶Ͻ
еŷóǴ󽫾Сµսպ󣬳Ԩһսɢ
ūʹ˵Ǻڳ˶ȥһⱡսӹȻҲ͵ݸ塣
ҵšüЦһµ
ӹеżһѹֱߣūʹߵʺһǵĴ󽫾
ūʹΪ˴򽻵Ķ࣬˵ļΪػᴫǵĴ󽫾
岻ٶԣֻūʹһۣѹͽͷŶסˡиϿ͵˼Բˡ
ūʹЦʹûɣȻҲ⻢ǻŵĺ˾Ӫڡ
ʥϣǽ˸ߡ
ܱһΣȴܱΣһ֮ǵ˱ץץĵ룬Ȼζˣ˵ӻΪˤ˲ٶӵĶӪҲøơ
սͱǵĴ󽫾
嵭ֻҪȷǱ²˵İȫ߾ˡ
⻰˵൱ūʹȴ⣬æӦõӦõġ˵˳ȥ
˻ŽӹµһѾɵذףʺĲ䲻͵ˡ˵Ļʵ۲ΪӣеϲС
ǱΪεıǸģϾһսֵĽпܻŤתܾ֣ڿ˻ʵۣȴָ
ҪȻģǾ㣬ȻֻǽǾĿܡ
ūؽƺ˵Ļʳǣ˴ĽɽУ
ūʹߺͺ죬ȭͷգ۾ᶨȣƲסȣֻһ·ͷſڸס˼ɫ
һ·ߣ˺˵ľӪ΢иϽūӪ
ūӪΪӪͶӪΪӵĲӪһΨ˶ӪԿܸԵģֻ޲ôפһ
ӪܿŶӪ
ūʹһ·ڽֱ˴󽫾Ѿ͹ȥˡ
üͷץƤͼʣ˳
Ц˳ƻʽɡֻǻʵƺΪΣֻ¡
ֹסĻҲס¼ɡ
һҲǣ󽫾֣ûģǰǸӵĿȡ

ۼūʹ߳Ӫʣߵ˱ͼеɽƽԭսΧ
ͼϵĺָָԨƺΪյʱһƬȻƲ֣ƽأһӣʱڣӦѾ˺ı㣬ǸòĽսط
ཫص˺ϣͷǰȥ̽һĺ棬ԱӲӲ
ūĹ˼٣εĵصǶģè壬СҲΪ
ϾڲȻһˣǧӣʧһ᲻ˬġ
嵥ַļϣοˣԴ˾͵Сģ򲻿С
޲ôδθ˵಻£ȻԼǶūʮ
Ҳֻ֧Ŷ߶߶ƽ֮ӣĻӿŲ֪ϲá
һϱŵ
ϱ˰
ȴӻгױԨȥ˰ʱŵ
˵طĵǰããһƬ̤ŵĿݲݶ˻Ұ׵˪
Ŀ̫ˣһ޼ʵĸоƽԭźĺӣչȥһƽԭķ綼ģֱУӶѹסǻеĶԾףȻϰݵڴȻ컯¡
סѸٻ
⵹Ǹõط
ٸױȴһؼԵúۡ
ۣϺ˵ƤȼӴ߹ȥٽͣ¡
ජű㣬Ҫ͸·һʵҲȷʵܺ˶ֽš
ϵı㲢ǾţǺ񱡲һеĵطɽеĵطһƸ󶴡
кֵǽΧ飬ʲôԣȲ
Ӽʹ˵Ҳ飬ΪûҪ˵䴩ˣҲزסˣ½ϵķܲס˵ˡ
ΧһһصĲ飬ûκ⣬㱨ࡣ
ͷ̧һָ棬ůɫֺ¶ȵС̫չԳ˼ɢǳ㡣
˳ϴ棬ôʱ䶢űӲǾйŹ֣ǿ㣿
ϴ˵ʲôǱضʲôԥӻϣȥֵ֪ͨǲ㣡
ڿջ£һȺױѸپۼҲȺ˳űȥ
ÿһŲȵĶǺȵ˵һطĴ󵶣΢һ㣬õһ˲䣬ڱѵ˵Ķߡ
ˣӦ˾ɲµı㡣
һ㣬ࣺϴ󣿡
ֻרעڽӴĶڴȿֺļ콦źĺˮеһԾ䵽˱ϡ
ʮⲶ㣬ģߡ
û˵ʲô⻰ȴ񶨺һһӾͰ˵ġ
ִŴ󲿶ӣıȫȥȡ㣬Ȼÿڴʮˣһռһطʼô㡣
ˣ㲹ʲôܹܲɡ
Ͼµ°Ͷ˲١
ΪûΣգʱһ˾ͷ׷׳ڷյϲв԰Ρ
ʹ˫ֶͨҲ赲ס飬ɵ͵һǡ
㣬㴼
ӴһţࣺϴʣŶϷѸ첲ˡ
ȻҲڲ㣬˻ͷˣע㣬ô䴩ĴλãպСĵ㡣
׹˼һһ׼ȫǱҲ֪طǼٵսľȻպ󶼻棬ʱں뱡ɲᷢı仯
ְֱ̤࣬ھӪ
ĳ羴һоϴ׵ֵܻҪף޲ͷ­Ѫ
ע⣡


34 

һ, ľ彣ض飬һ·ҡ˾ӪھӪ۵Ŀ½ȥ˴
һڷͷôһȺ˲ŹԹԶ׼
ôȫȥ, ƽյŸḻЩ
ţ԰æ̣ĺθ΢΢ġ
ҪȻȥЩ, ýúóԡһʡ
Թ꣺θڶͦ, ľĹ͡
£һ壺ٽ
Ʋͷһ¶⣺ˡ
۾һǾ˯, źԡ
忿ϣһȥϴ, ɬ˵ҲǿѣһһôˮҲ
˵غŲ֪ĸ裬Ӳ˯, Դһ, ϡ
Ȼʶ˯˲ŷ, ǿЦãȻٽϴˢˢɾöסڴϡ
Щ, ˯Ĳ, ࿴΢üͷ, ߳ոյ, ʱԶĺ, ʱΪϲʰҲǴӼзϤС
ȻԽ˯Խ¶滺˯ݡ
չȥ˵촽㱧˯
֪̰һ̰ϱϸĴУôһڻҸֱܴĵ
ѵѵæýŲմأЧҲǳĺãܹȺĬȥҲܿˣֻս˺úơ
Լսһ죬һɫĿףֳִھӪǰݱǧǰԨ
忴ԶŷԸߵ䣬ԭ߳פصĽţǧڰ֧Ԯһʲôԣ֧Ԯͨͨ
ǡ
ôֱֱţֱľӶûӰŻ˻ʣҪˣ׽ǺúãҲһ
ൽ˳ԨūľҲൽˣֻǸϵū˲٣ѹѹһƬв
ͷʶǴūǵĴ󽫾ˡ
ԣɫصūһˣһս
µս˵д裬õ鱨Ҳū˲ϣԤƻһСɱɱҲ̫ࡣ
ʹǧˡ
ûš˵
ԴΪǧԺúûסٶ©ˡ
࿴ǰ׼ȷ˵Ǵƺ˴ͷ
Ըҵдд衣
ЦǵĻʵ۲аֻǧ˵˵Ļʵ۹߻һױһף㵱ֵܣĸƤ˭֪ôء
ĺãĿİҲ˼˵˳
䣬ǿһ࣬ȴֻ߳ϻࡣ

Ӧæݵֱߡ
ཫϵȥȻ֣ƿնʸȥ
ʧɫæ̧䵶£Ҳղŵɡ
üٶ⣬˷лܽ
´ʱվ˳Ҹս
ȴãҪ
˻Ҫ˵ȴˣ˾䲻֪ãҴúüʶһ
ӦսżмȥĶԷʹթ¶Էʹթ
Ҳˣ̾ͼмغϡ
ЩͷŴ󵶾հһʶʲô˺ȥԼ
죬ȥˣȻܵ󽫾ˢӡ
䵶ʱ棬䵶ϣȻڴŵĿ䵶ĶϳɺüΣڵϡ
ʤ׷һصڴԹϣĵתֱֱγʧܣĵµƵա
ףѾǴ󽫾ˣΪʲôƿСжˡ
ūûӦʩʿǣͷͣɱūԽõĹ;Խ󣡡
ūıûʶʲôʶָǰ塣
壡
ŵǧ֮ʹԵǱǱ屶ūҲûµģ۹ͣūͷ˷ܵˡ
ʱóϵĹԥһԵı棬ֻûϾвԵѪ֡
ʱūһţոڴ׵˳ٶ۷Ӧߺƻ£ƻ£
Ļ񶨺һסūɢݣ׷׿˺ѵԸı
üתһ䴩˸ոպ˵ĲӣҲ׹
꣬ҪǱһβȫɨˣôҡ
ıҲҪûϹսʹǽ콫ȺҲᶪǱūǱˡ
ֻԼǿǿ
ȻЩ鷳ű߻Ǻ˿ĵģķ羰
ûнս£浱űһ쿴ء
ˣڼҵսϡ
ǧ֧Ԯ龰һôˣӪڷͷˣ
ȻҲ̨ϸд裬Ǻôܼһôá
ѹסֵ˴Ҫȥ̹͵ģϾһūһǻܺȿμԼְ𣬰֧Ԯ
ʱƱ¶νк
ܿ죬ͷ֣Ȼֻվǣȴƿȫ֡
һʲôͷūվͻһ֮ɱڵūһں֮ڡ
ۼԼûһ£ūȴԽԽ٣˵ͷ
ѵЧģܱܿҪˣҲ֪㣬ȡʤ
ģһ浹սڽԾԵȡʤͷսСҲ۵òӣ޲̱ڵء
ǸܵΧһǵѣҲûٹܣֻкԼ˴ŷ²ؾӪ
ؾӪ·Ȼȴû۶ӣʱѾַˣ˵ˣɾü
صӪȥͷȥͷûһ˿ңȥʱʲôڻʲô
ʣϣ˲٣ǾӪڵĽ
νô磿˾
𣺡ȥô˿ɲûȻ㱧ȭҲѻɱū²ūǧˣɱԼĪǧˡ
ǧȴǧˣһ²һ˾͵ÿ²
˲ôģǧūǷֳһЩһ뿴ܡ
۾վֱãȻȴ֪˵ʲôһ໺Цˡ
࣬Խ۾ٿˣ£һ¾ײļϡ
ٿᡣ
ڽ֣¶΢Ц룬ǾǳһȺƥ
ڵĺôףҲҪľϵ


35 
Ǻ
ྐྵȻɱ˴, ʱ±㴫ӪͬʱūĶǵõϢͬĻһߴʬס
ūӶʱεͼʲô
벻, ֻһˣȴֵһūȥıᡣ
ȻʵȴҲ֤ʵĲͬѰɱ, ǲ
ʱ, Сӣߵ
ӻ˽
Ƭ̺ʹڶ, ǹڴʬԣߣ, ǽĳñΪūĽΪ˵
Ӷ࣬߻ռʿȻԸ߹٣һԱ, 뺺̷ͨвŸɾͱء
ñӳʲôΪ˱, ñֻҪ߱Ӵʲô
˲, ɫҰܣ󽫾ƻڳԨȻӪ˻ʵݲ˵ļ󡣡
δϵΪʲô
֪Ӽ޶, Ҫǵ׸, Ҳ󽫾ƽƽ, ƿŶӪϧ󽫾һ, ūӪͶҪڶӵ, ҲΪʲôҶӡ
󽫾Ѿˣūٰܡ
ǰΪݰں˾Ӫڵ̽ں˾ӪڵĵλͬѰײʿһ
ʿߣǺ˻ʵ۵ĳ購ôһ涼ԽĽȻ𵱻ʵ۵ļɵûһʵĽο˽˻һǱͼı
мשߣڶһټϴ󽫾ź˴ҥԣ˲ʧһ죬µʿҲԾڻʵۡ
˵˻ʵ۱ҥһ𣬺˾ӪңϢʵҲɡ
ཫ˸ӽڵϿͷ
ӹע棬üͷ꣬ϾȾ˼ֽ꣺Ͱźɱʵ۵ˣڻڰƻ£
סͷǡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ڽҲ磬̫ܵˡ
ʱŷӦɫһףƻǽҺжں˴ȫʤӿԡ
ڶȴļ򣺡ɱ˻ʵ۳ɹˣҲǴһĲԩ
ˣ촽䶯ȴ
ӣ˲ôġ׵ΪʲôҪһ˧֪Լ׵ܵܲô
ȴ˵ﰵԼţҪŸˣô̯ӶӸͲУ

һᣬ쳹ʣͣɱй֮Ϊ󽫾
סˣֱͷ׵ϽһСӣּ
ŶŶּ෴Ӧæǰ˼
򰡣֪˭ֺɸѵѾƷˣȴּ֪Ҫл
ƮƮɨ˵ˣֱԵɲ򡣡˵ƺòףǲϡ֮ϵϽɼ޲򡣡
ʱڹϡ֮ϵмͷȴԾִ񣬱ֵ֮׳ĽҲʲô
Ͻѿɫ࣬һһǷּģʮģԳһϹͷǻ˲С
ϳǫֻ޹ؿȥ
һѳģ
ƫƫʱ廹һάӣתƻҲһū¡
˵ͷվߡ
ū֪˲࣬ڻڵ˶ĸֵ֮εˡ
һȻҲһԱ
վҲ廰ȫһӵĽıôССūӪȻ˭˵佫ı£ӵĺܡ
ǶԴ档
˶ɢˣŸһ衣
ͷڣȵģһ
Ϣһཫǰһ۳̻صԴϣȻŷڲ˲ںïܵͷַΪֲڡ
ڿϣۣôūĴɱˣûУ
úϣ¶һ㽾̫ˣжˣôˣδҲ̫Сˡ
ĵЦһͲ˵ˣתԴһ˫۾Цࡣ
ŵܲˡȻΪһͷӡһڡ
屻׵һ㶣Ȼ༫Ȼֱͦ壬̹̹½ӹȥʼġ
ʹ˾ǵģһЩòģǻʸ塣
࿴¿棬ᵽһ£ԤԭϷ겻˳ֲϣׯм֣֮¸Ǽѡ
Ťͷ壬ѳ˯ȥдٲ⣬Ȼȥ壬ŵϡ
֪ȥճɾͲ̫ãΪʵ۵Լöȶһڼöȣȼ
ȥ꣬ǺԺǸɺֵĵطׯڿգݱ壬˿ʼˡ
崦õؽ԰ô󳼴ŴǰȥȺ޼ҿɹ˻۳񼷽ܵȻɴҡ
ЩֻȥУʵϴȻʱ־Ϳʼˡ
Լλھҵҵ֧żҪ֧ĴУҪ˼С
εĥǱ¾Լ˶ãҪǰūˣס
ජϵ֣΢΢˼˼ֲǺԸɺ֮ǸʱֱĴڣκһһһֶԽĴڡ
ûġ
Щ˵룬ԻһֽһƬڿ²ˣʵôס
ý
ðƼΪƸΪ꣬˻ˮͨ鲻ˡ
ĥվϣȻôغú÷һȻӱЩܲסð
ǰţµ֧Ԯ
׺˿ǵȣʲôʱߵ仯

ʱ춼Ѿ͸ˣһֱ˯ϡ
ѾԼıʼĹϡ
⿴˿ûгģɶһٹĿ࿴
δҲ̫ˡ
¶Цݣ˸š
ཫҩ˽ָϵҩȳԷٳҩ
ⰲŵװ׵ģЩִ˲ƣζ
ԹԵ˵ͷֵļ
˷ʳţűҩ뿪ʼҩȨźʳ
ɬζڱǼӣͷţüҩ˱ζ
಻⣬ҩ˹ţ˰ɡȻһ˸һ롣
ȵĻûڣһβ佫ҩˡ
ָϣҩֶôأ
ȥˡ
ҩûжԣжҲ˳ʵǰ
ЩҩԶҩеϸϸ䣬Ȼ¾˺˲¡
ԴһһϣȻֱſϺ˯ȥ
ֻʣһʶǿظ
ҩжӦϱĻ
л˵
ллδ ͶݵһƿӪҺġ
һŬģţȭ


36 
һˮ
ലϼ̫ҽ, һһǰһһҡͷյߣһȦ, ֱһ̫ҽٴʱȻƵķӦ
һȺ˹ڵϣȴ˭ûȿڡ
еĶˣôվ, ܽ, ȴһҲҿ
ɿʣ᷺ʱһ, ڵʺô˵޷
̫ҽԺԺʹʱ̧ͷر, ʺ󣬻ʺƺ˯ˣް
˵С¾ʥϾһȺ֮ˡΪλʥϱʱǲαʺǺ˶ҩ, ȴ˵˯ˡ
, ʺȷʵ˯ˣҲûжļ
ͻȻãȻֱ, ҩжڴȴʲôҲ, ջ, û, , ǲ
Ȼ˯ˡ˵ʺ˯ˣԭ侲Ļһתٿı÷
˯ˣ嶢̫ҽԺԺʹʵ
̫ҽԺԺʹ, ޷˪ףʱԱµʧ̬ȴӭҡҷľջһ˵ʵۣԣ˯ˡ
ҩвĶҩǲʳ˵ӵĶҩ֢ʱӦڳ˶ҩڴ֮ǰҲῴֶҩ
԰˵ʺ˶Ӧðո˵
岻ۿŻʺҩˡ
̫ҽԺԺʹűʻĿյصԳΪӦǻʺʵԭ££ݳһʣʺʲôģڳ˵ģ
գգ۾̹
Ƹů¯
̫ҽԺԺʹοЦЦĻˣҩҲǾԻõģʺ״˯״̬˯ˣҲˡ
ϲˣҲǰǺߵġ
ֻԵòôûã˵̫ҽ˯ˣҪĴҩмҩĺۼҲˡ
̫ҽԺԺʹǳЦ˶ɵϢӡ֤Żʺֻ˯ˡ
ߵߣڽָӵ£ᣬ¾˭
೤ģµײһָϣɢһһ¡
ĳַӴʹüϸϸƣߴͷһ·»ȻǽĴɫӲʵߣͣĺᴦ
ָǻ˼ĴС
벻ԼʲôľǱġ
֣ѹȸе߿һص̫ҽֶ彣½㣬ϸĲ飬ҪŹκһɵˡ
峹ųǵĺⶾıɱš
صһʯʵصİָҵѵ
죡
û˰ָİ޳ǽ¶˳ǲ԰׵ɫ
ھ־վ˳ּ
ãۣ˻֣ǲɢսսˡ
Ļʼžˣȴڡ
һСʵĴߣ棬Լñ˳סഹµ֡
˱ȣֱҲֲ֮Щ
ַԼմҲ˵ֻڲ˲䡣
κ˶ϣֻ˯ˣΪ͹ȣѡһô˯ôôͻȻ

ڽԼֻ֪˯ĺҲԸѡ
̫θˣ룬һÿ˭ˡ
Ȼء
ƺƺûΣѸҪǰεľ飬ڲץסѺһãȻֺڡ
ԣͰǧź
ţȴߵƮֶݣ͸һ
أ¡
ɴۣ˯з֢Ų˵̬俿촽Ȼ壬תԴߵʹ촽ϡ
ĲУһͣʹ˵ʲôˡ
ԣ촽ǼȻɵġ
û뵽ĵһ仰໽ű¡
촽Ҳ
ƴЩ΢ȡʤһ̧죬˵ĴС
ĵһоⶫճ𣬿û˼׾űѾ˱ʶġ
ֹ֣ÿİ
˯ŵǿƵʱ˲һǰ㣬üʹҲĺܡ
˿̣˾ᡣ
һ˯ŵģһΪѣ˭ͷôһ
Լԩ࣬˵ոȷʵûǸͷ˵Դء
ڣðˣֲ
ܷԼĵĶԶأԼﶼǻ
ֱ׷̧Դ
壺
һյ˯κཫԴļϣʼģ˿̣ԼֲʵԾξ
֪ôһͷ۾ҪŬȥ˵
Ĭ˵Ķԡ
ܷƼ
壺Ƽ
岱˲䣺Ը
һ
಻ҵļңҲȥ
ѣֻסڶϵ򣬾ˣ˼Ҳں˼ҵļҡ
壺š
㲻Ҫ£ǲ˵ġ
û㣬ȵ˼ҽԲġ
֪ɡ
Ǻ
Դܳѹͷ
һܸһˮ
ûнӻһ˯ƽϸʲô
㲻õģүӷҪһһɺĥ㣬ȫȫβҲҪ㡣֪ɣٺ٣أ˭Ҳ֪
ϸжҲ飬´һкһ𣬾ʱڣҲҪΪֹ
ҰүѹŸ
ߣô֣˻
໰䣬һֱֱȴ˻ʶʧԻΪһ˲̵۷ۡ
弱ȥ죬ɫɲ⿴ȥδ̫ˡ
аŹžͷ飬ҪȻϹҲᱻƳ磬ȻȻб£ÿƶϳ
ȴɣʲôܽүúõĽɽȻ븲ҵĽɽΪʲôҵĵȴһһвŸɡ
үүʱ֮ǿһͷ
СĿ֮
սȭͷ졣
û
ֵҪѹү
û
ɫ࣬ƫˡ
ô񣬷ߵҲ˯˹ȥһڴϡ˯ˣŲ֮廹Ǹů¯
ʵ벻Ҳ뿪
ӱܣסһ


37 
̰ӡ
˯ղ, ʱŷߣ˴Ż⣬۾Ѫ˿, Ҳˡ
ĵһ仰ǣ֪֪ȵҩ˶
໺еѪ˿һۣҪȥӣȴݺݴ, 
һһҧ, ƫƫƽڳʵ
˯죬ҽв㡣
죬ô۵š
Ƕ˵û, ǲѡ
ѣôж, ƺҪ˯ĵϣµȲ
תŸɬ򣬵ͷݺݵ棬ѥĥǳĵ, ǰѵ浱ࡣʹЬ˳Ҳ⡣
ǻеĿǱһԺ, ҩжԼ˯, ݣϲһգ۵Ĺ
Լ֪Ķҩȥ, Ҳ˯, ɱ²֪
ڱ˵, , Ը˯̡
οǱԿ˶ҩ
ҩǶҩ, ҲٵĿܡ
ųˣȥ壬ֻǿʹԴԲ𡣡
Ҫ͡
û˵ף⣬˶ͻ˯ΣաΪ
Ϊû˻Լ˯˻ж
Ͼһͷ
ȴһ߽ߣ˵˾ϡ
彫Լš黨˿Ҳ֪ˡ´λע⡣
Ļίּǿƫƫʮ㣬䲻ǻеζȴ˺޲ýϡ
С˲˲ʲôæȥοҲԣûĻ˵ҩ죬ȴ㲻ϣ˾;ǽûҲҪȥעʲô
ңңҪҪɣҽϾôͷݺݽҴһҲð
Ҫȥᣬ˰Ҳʪ
ཀྵס֣һûᣬȴ֪Ӻΰοֻܽ˱Լ䱦һ§ţһһ˵Բ
˶иļϣϵ˳ļۣǸ˳һ㡣
˻ŵĺá
Թ˯죬ججɰͰ͵صȣֺôһʣҪ֪ǶǴ׹֮شģˣҽҲ᲻¡
׹֮أ˵ȼķֽŻк˵ζ
ҿ˲ļһԲ
ӣҪ˯ˡ
Ӳڣֻ˵һΪڶһͻѡ
౧Żˣϸ˯һֱڡ
Сţоأһţһ
Ҳʱпսϡ
ˣԼİԱԱȣĵĿࡣ۵ڣüɢǳƣ룬ƤҲûյĹС
ۣ§ãҲϷţʼҥʹȴд͸
ʼ˽ò״浽ͷŵҥУñͿԹãƣڴ󺣵ĸҥЧ
ɹǷġ
಻Ƴɱ£ֱϽȷɵ״̬Żͣ
Ķͷ֮ӡһǣأƫ˵ҵı£ջһͷŶ
Ƕ˵ЩĻȴЦˡ
ֳͫҲ˼ůɫ
ཫ˴ϣñӽ˺úøסȥȡӣžס
Ȱź˱£ҲҪԼˣҪ֪Եڷʲô
߳ӣŷѾڣӪڵĻѶѾ½½ȼ
ν̫ҽҩߵſڲȻࣺˣ
ƽģΪĪĻ˯ʥϾһθλʺ̽
ԡشָ̫һԣȥ˵
˵̤˹ȥ̫ҽŵ˵ҩȥ
౾ȥ̫ҽͷһλҲʡˡ
ֱʳĵ£찴ʱҩû
̫ҽĬһҩӣί²˵
ǰ飬ȻͱȥʣʹûҲԭˣԲŲûҩ
¶أʡ
̫ҽʱǽһٴ˵ū̽ӡ
Ҫһϸϸλڵ̫ҽ̫ҽô᲻֪أʹڿƺûôôȴǾŵġ
ĵطӪĴСǲ֪ġ
̫ҽҲǸȤˣ˵ҽߵǲȫֳźá
ͺ޲ýεͳģϲԼ֪ȫ˵ˡ
̫ҽ˵ĿڸҲཫ˽ȫˡ
˳ͳһ׸̫ҽȲġ
̫ҽæҽסŻ׵ĺٺһЦͯľԡ
̲סѵǲҪҵ
һȺ̫ҽβʱ򲻵ãСϢȴ˭֪ͨ͸
̫ҽ뿪ˣ̰Ӱ죬̥ξӪڵʿһһ׼̵ͽҲǳݵĲ
ǲҵǼ಻ѹ
̫ҽˣ˼Ӫȥ
彫Ѳ鶾ҩ½㣬õʵݼҵˣϾݼھӪи鶫Ҳһһ׼׵ġͬʱҲڶʱھͽһ˽˴ڣĻʹǱ˳Ǵ
ǣеĶ˵ūµģȴū֮أе϶ˡ
Ҳ˵ūϱߵй
Ī˻ηŵĸߣİǹŤĺɫͼڣūӪҲûϿı־
̤ηηλڵصףλҲΣֻū̽ˣҪȻϴҲ˳߸ߡ
ηʿʾƣűŽȥ
ȥ˿¶ˣǴź˵ķź˵ͷֹ֮ҲȫȻǸˡɲȻ׼ȷ˵ѪŰū˵ѪͳǺūӺϳġ
ɺԹź޶ūô֮ͨ飬ôЩ˵ҲͲԶˡ
վһԣĬԥǰʵȳĴСǺ޶ūģС֪ԼǺˣҲ֪ô£Ǳκ˶ҪҳϣҲ޲ýūƤ⣬ս͡
ֻ´ε˱Ļ̰
˵ͷǵףȻŷԸͨѹߣȱ˱ֱӰɷʹá
̬滺ȭǡ
࿴ηԾȣƺ£ݺݵ࣬ģūˣ֪˽ͨҺҲ뽲
תͷʣģ
æ˴ȥ˵ָߵһС
ߵηΪСǶ̨ȥģ̨ȼůɫĹ⣬һ˲úڰеȲۡ
ͣһηſڣںҹеľѵһ۱ϳĸߡ
ߣе
һ˫۾࣬һ˵
Ŷǣأô˵Ҳѹơ
ֱӽе˸ߣֱ׵ĺܣū𣿡
ǲǴõĶҩ


38 

벻ǣ࿴ߵܽ˿͸һ
߲֪Ϊǰһѣ, ʱԭ׺ݵҲ޺ؿ࣬׼ȷ˵۾С
һ˫ɫͫС
ߵ, ʵǣǡشķֱʵ⡣
õĴֻйԵֻƬǰͫʹõģõֻ˻ش񡣲Ҳ㹻, ϾĲǽײаİ, ޸֮ķˡ
õ𰸣û뵽ĲūˣǸǸҩ׹֮ص, һһԴż, Ҳ֪ʲôģ
䵽˸Ϲ·ʵϵͼǷйء
ڸߵĶֻĻʹʶΪѣȴҲƲסشһһ
γɵջǼѳش𣺡ǡ
ūǷй᣿
вϱߵľ, ɽ, ʪֶӣ׹ƹʢС
׹֮ء
γɵĸ, ĳǣֵ, ֮ط, Ҳûش벻ǡ
, գ۾, ͫȥ, ֻʣīһڵͫ
ľٶߵ۾Ҳͬʱָ֮ɫ־һˣһûվȾȥ˳ʪĿݲϡ
ߵļҵۣȫעȫϡ
㣬㡪վ˵ūϰʹԷ˵ǺȻȻϾǵĶǴѵĶǺ˼˵ĸġ
˵ĻһԴ׶Сһͷˮ֪νʻȴ׸߻شʲôֱߵĻ˷ŭžûع졣
Ͼνū˺гദĻ̫˾ˡ
Ǳþǽšݵӡ
߻ˣʼһȴʼղҿ۾ĵĲ־壬ֻߡ
˵ԵķƷֽڴȴҪֽܿ˵滰࣬ȴŻҪ
׺棬гƿڴ
ɫƽ߲ڶԼ裬ԸߵС˿ʲô˵ֱдҡ
С˵Ļײضһ˲ƹˤˣһɱô຺Ҳˡ
ƫִ룬ҫ
ûٹܸߣ˵ܺܶ࣬˵˵ʵԣͿ̵̲סūûйߵģûС
һؼ̫Զˣֻиһ֤ʵȴĲ
ܾʵĹͼڹˣ̬ƫڲ𣬶Լоˡ
ôҲٳɱūӵ֡
߳Σʱȫ͸һķ綼ųǵĺеζҲģǷԤס
Σ͸꣬źȴе㼦ߡ
ɵʯɽҲɰ
˻ʣڽȼżյƣ廹ûѣɰ˯ţ˯Ǻÿϡ
ԼҴôκ֮ʶѻ϶Ϊ
ԣ˱ڻҹžʹѹһʱʱҲۿʼ˯
ôű£ھֱֻ
оãϾСҲûзŹĵ

Żһһۣͷ㿴۵ˡ
ôô磿࿿ʡ
δɢȴ˲٣˵ؽ͵дѩǵóʱʤ׷ūϾǾӪֻиµūӣáʱǸѵʱǵ𽥼٣㣬ټ֮ūڼʹԮҲᱻڴѩ²ܴ
ԣʹˮõʱ򡣡
˵£ɫΪ档
ǸΪϸĵıȫڴе棬ʹ첻ĴҲǿŵľϡ
ʱս˲Ϣ䣬ļȼȡ
ҲԣཫɱˣһūӪ˵ȥ
ûг̸Ĳãһ𡣡
û˵˼ˣȻһģϾƷĻ󽫾ˣ׷Ų֡
˴㿪ʼټӡ
崩ɫĿףںָӣеľ鶼СԼٶȵݵİϣӵĽվ
ȷȳ˾Ӫֱūڵķ򣬶ūʱõϢһūʿŻžͱƵսϡ
ūӷǷϣıȴѷɫиɫԿﳤ̣ܶԼƷӵ˼¡
һ˲٣һӣūӵӪڼ
˫źݻûŹɱһ𣬹޵ĳ͡
࣬ı졣
ū˵ѪȥھİĺͬսϵӢ飡
Ǳϵĵ̽ųȥǵһþˡ
ǳȥֱǸӣ;Ҫȫһصȥ׸һ
ûıȥȴ޶ԡ
ײʱȻʺƿȫȥӣϴεĿ౾ǡ
ǵһֱפڱ߾ʿľǲǵ
뾡ɱΪɨ󻼡
೯ź󻼳ȥȻūӲڣǾǸӿܹǵš
˿೯۶æ߷ߣΧ˼ˣû·Ҳˣö֪˺ġ
ңϲ֪ūǺ˵ѪȾ۾ɱ쳹ĶߣѪ뵶һû·ս
ʹһŴӱ࣬ȥɣ
ûУҲ·ƫƫ㼲۳һ·ӵһ˲еصʹзɳūĲӣ̼䣬ѪӿͷԵūʿ
ǰصԼ˼ĽǶȻһ»ص
ĵˣôһū졣
ūʿǣĻǰɱūˣοЩ˵Ӣ飡ūӪ׽ūӣ
ūĽȥɱǰūʤǵģ
ĳһ·ūϢսʿ
һʱ䣬еʿɱۣͬ鵹²£ҲҪ˿ǰ壬˵Ѫû˷ܣֻȼŲĳޡ
ǼҹޣǲϲɱˣȴǲɱˣƥȴҲַ
ǱʹΪҲū
Ҳ˵ʿСѲĵԽ
һһǣ͵ġ
˻ҪȥսģֱӽΣʧһ᲻ˬЩòģһָǵĲ㡣
ķǱ£ѧȺı
ǵǱµͽǼֿɹ
սɽſʼһߵʤĸ˳ߵ
ǲʤ඼Ҫүˡ


39 
С
ڵõСܱϲ, ¶λεϲ⡣
ָ䣺䣬ıӰȥ, ʱź¡
䱧ȭӦ£һ˦ս۱󲽳ʡ
ָλѾūǰĿӴ, ֻѹūӪĶɡ
̼߳һ, һ±Գ˿տ
֣תԾվŵݷѣԳС, ΢΢ϿҵϽСһ󡣡
ݷæȥ, ܲ𣺡ôܵʥ⻰µ˵޷򲻿ɷϳ
ԲûֱֱԵϽĹ޶֪Ȼܵһ, , Ҫȥ֧Ԯࡣ
൨Ӵ󲻴޾Ӵ, ūӪôôϲ, ضȡūӵͷ­׸ޡ
ūǺô, Ͻȥһ\, Ͼսɳľ鼫Ϊḻū˴򽻵
Դǫ, ̧ݷѡ
˵Ҳ, һսϣ²ǰΣҲֱūӵͷϴγɹϲνδ֪Ͳȥա
սۣ˭֪ԷǽҪȥʲô
촽ϵĵǼҪˡ
ݷȻ·ģϳһνĴ
ʥϧ佫佫νǷʧãֻϴεĻɱһ±ɿ
ɳϴôĽҲûܽԷɱ£ɼԷѲ
ȴʵ񲻹ǸЩӴгԶס࣬Ǹӵơ
вӦĵ
صͷñźеݷѣ޵ȽĺϢ
ݷԣϷ·һ˲ʹʥϴֱ࣬ʮȫһ
Ŀݷ߳ʣһ

ʿ׵׽ūȷӴĽڽڰ˵ʱ򣬺󷽵ԮҲˣͬʱūҲӦѸ֯ʣҪз
Ͼⳡս²Ÿոմ죬˭ʤ˭δ֪
ū˼ΪóץסÿһξطĻݺ˺µһ⣬˷ʤǲҵġ
Ҳˣɱɵ˿ҲҸū˴Ļᡣ
ʮֽȫˣűҳȥūӪ׽ū!
ѱѪʿ̳ɤӦڻӵɳϸԳ˼ɳ׳־
෭ߣ
ʮ̾Ҳս漴ĽŲ
ͷǰ֪ūӪӵģūӪΧȥ˲ٺˣū˼ʹҲûôˡ
ֵĳ侲Ҫǰ·ūˣȥ͵һԾ˴ūӪǰϰ
ŵʮЩʾѧһūҲԽūǰͰľ
ฦһȥū˵гһСУ󣬽ãСгˣʮ˲ظĽŲ
ȴΪ£йϿ˰
ֻһصһԲȦ
࣬䵽սݷбΪ౻Χˣʱš
ˣݷæԮϵū󷽷źţӺ󷽰Χūȡʱ䡣
̻źһڻҰ׵ը˶ɫ䣬䴫Ϣ
ūӴʱվ⣬̻źţʱʱɱǵĺҲ
͵ýת󷽣һ澪ʧһҧгݵɱߣͻƽ͹ְ
޶࣬߾Ͳα²κͻϮͲôֿȡ
Ҫ͹±ֱ뾩ǣ繲ˣ
°ĵ°
ūȻ޵ҪȴûŲŲɱһɱ뷨ֻһקסǿ׳ȥɱˣͣ
ҾͲˣôˣ򲻹һ࣡
ǴǸøͷˣĸͷҴų»ĺֺɫˮϴϴ
಻Ǽеĸͷһ𱻳ΪǺ˾Ӫ̸֮ɫĴڡ
ھӪôʱȻҲ֪һ˳
Դ߲ûдʲôˣҲ˵һظΪϡһҲǰūӵĴӪ
˵ū󷽲֪ʲôʱԼ˷ֵū˲ֻūӪʤϳ
һСҲѾ˽ѹȴûС
η壬ʹٶ࣬ҲһֻõҪռ⴦ͻΪ԰
౻Լ뷨ˣӦūΧ׷½ʱȻ¶һ˿΢Ц
΢Цսϣʱù¶̬Ҳĸͷ˵һСѪҺˡ
СѾ֪Ӧ
Ͼ˵ȷʵᣬǰ䡣
ɫﱼȥȴû뵽಻˷ҲŴ󵶳˹
һ˲ɣĵ˲ԾֻС֪ֻʹ»Ȫ
Σ˵ҪҲͱ»Ȫˡ
ת۱㵽˹ԣᵶסķͷʹǱѹȥ
ɫͺ죬Ҳһɽһ˼ˣĿҪȴ֪ʱ¡
ΪʲôģֻأصҪһòʹȫ
ˣȴûе˿ڣƤŨصĺȴӿȲѪӳȾÿһУﵽѪڡ
ѹ˵
ûȥעӥһŪˣūڵֿڳ
ٽ˹նյĽǶͻΧȥڿūʱֱӱū˵ļԴֱֱūӴϮȥ
һܸˣ˵ֱӱ㲻ˡ
µҪĥһҪʱ͵ġ
ûᣬôܷ
۾¶ϲ⣬ײеսγ˾޴󷴲Լĺ԰Ƿᵶˡ
ūӲҪߡ
ະʱԣӪԣҪѵһ
ū˵ǰתžܣ֣ߵʱļһޡֵܳܣҲƴġ
ˣ󵶵ڶμѪ̾͹׸ūӡ
ʹԶԶͽϵصһӣصƷȥ˻ܵūӵĺϣһմ˵ѪĶˣ¶ס
ūӵأȴףʱһǽĵһΣ޺ڵϣҲʹܡ
ʱ࣬ûУûУֻʣһͭǽڰ塣
ˣƫƫ۲ū۲Ľˡ
ộ
ŭˡ
ūӪڻһƬǵ⽣Ӱʱһ£˷ǰūӪ
ͬʱһͷ޴Ľƶ˸£ͨƣǮۣȻĿĵһȥһצӹ¡
˸֨ҽеūˣ


40 

Щ, սϵ˶޸о˴ϵĻϲ
Сצӣצϵצ޴˳ڿе, һ̣Ұ׵ڵС̫ҲĽͷϡ
Ǳ˵ĳ
ǻеĴڡ
˵ĵսˣ˫ûʱۼū˻ūϰٳʿѾϳھצϵʹūӡ
˭ûп˵, ֻǵ͵ѹɻһ䡣
ô, ľôץһССūˣ
ǵģ£ūӶ˵ҲѾͨ, ʹūӵĺ󱳱צݺһӣѪ˳Ҳ˹ġ
ֵǧλū˵ѪմȾצ, Ͼô߹󲻿ַ
ʹūӣūӪµڵ׵ܵҲС
սūʿͻȻ;, ʼһ, ǣǲǴ񷣣
ҪȻ, ΪʲôҪץǵ, ߺˡǾɲ, ú˺޷ĺʱҲ
ʹ, 벻ס
ūʿҰܵɫͬ, һֺʿȻСС, ϸ˵ʲô֮ǰҪ󣬵϶ͬһͷϤѹϧʥϲڡƫܵģǰǰɣϾˣ
Ǿ鲻ԽԺ
ϾϴѱľĿȼ߰ĽΪǵӵͷ˰
˷ܵͺ죬һŬͷע⵽ǡ
ʱԴôССССˣֲϤĽԡ
ͷǲǰִˣ
ǡ
򰡣ʲôѵûнҪץסһлƷôڵ˾Լԣŵϰʲôܸлū˷سɷ
ŭ䲻õĻᣬһȺ˾ɵ֣
ǣ಻ֱҪʱͻȻսϵһǴһħһ䷢ײʼɢ쳹ս
Ƕ˱Ҫֹꡣ
ɻȥֵϴŲƤµū˶ıϥǣķȥСɽƵĴһţصİڣ
ūӪĿһ𣬱ùǺ
ɤӴƣ޵ĲȴУ
סˣʿҲסˡ
⣬ɷū˰
ǣڿЩʿΪȴ˷ϲ⡣
һ˵ļ
ϲū˵ĹǺӦ÷űڣ
Զǵū˳ûһ׮׮ҰԶ֪Ǻź˵Ѫ棬Զ֪ū˹ĶѪȡ
ͬ鲻ûһޣھȡǵԭ£ЩˣЩ޹ɱˣЩѪս˸ô
ǰнȴδнݹǻΪѪ˵ɷ
֪ʲôʲô
಻֪룬ǲϲūˣȴûгǵĺޣΪΪ֮ĴΨһˣūԶԶڴУΪҲΪϣһȺСӰˡ
ɱºȺˣҲضϲҲض
Ӿǵѽū˵Ķ֪߰˰ˣ˵ǵµĽɽҶɱ¡
µ𣬵첻֪
ԼûдȺ˵ȨãȻ¿ʿϸűȸոջҵĺ븡ꡣ
һѶԷ̻ǲĵ׵Թ
һ˿һ˿һҽԴԽԽʶ
˭ȺūˣȻȺˣȺηĺʿԼ쵼ߣı¡
ʹϣҲʶƺѿΪһ塣
磬źͱ֮ϵϵ硣
Ա޼ޡ
Ҫ̤ȥ塣ϾΪƽһΪʵĶӦǨĴ
Ľɫ͸ͫһĨ⣬ţվŵ˾ȷֻƽϵƬϴһ㣬ӲӱȸղŸʢ춼ΪɫҲƺ࣬ϵС̫һСߣܱ档

Եı仯Ȼβ۴С´ҲóɫϾ˭֪Ҳ츲ظ˧ı仯ء
ĸΪֱۣͣ˼ǧ겻ôΪʾʽҪ⼸ǧԻƽĿȫһʼλεƫ
ûȴһࡣ
ϲ޲÷ɶתȦȦ
źϾǧûǹΪӸտʼϣĳĬӸտʼĹͨص־ڶϴ衣ҲΪˣƶĵطҲֻ鷳ٶûˡ
ںı£·ϲá
ϾཾʾСƲסҲпԭ˭緢ء
ôǽЩūˡ
ͫ䣬βһڣ˦սβ̼ͽڵūɨȥܿľӣū˳˵ϣ㾡¶
ʱսϵԼҲʲôһ̾ͽ˵µū˵Ĳϣ뷴ֱӾͱ͵սһӱ
ͬʱСĻһǲɱ⡣
ϾڶЩˣΪҲƿصķ
֪󷽻صսϣκûзֵ¼ԼĵһūӵԹϣñͱ˽ūӸӰ
һ㣬ūϣȻū˿ϡ
ڿл˻Ȼ׹ڵأĿǰɢūӪǵūͶĶȻ͵ظɱۣ
ŵ˲СƣūߵŶһ޶ĹӰĽüĿǷӳ˳
û˶࣬ȴ֪
ūôУû룬ҲҪˣϾ˧ˣҲúõ㡣
һ麺˵Ȼū֪ͨ顣Ͼⶫ˵һ۾ͿԿơ
ͨΪǵʤ̵档
֪ӺζĽƫܣ˧ѾȥԻĺǣԾɸ翹ūͷһξˣܵó׵ףܸǿĺˡ
еūеĲȻҪƴɱֺʣµһһȡյʤ
ǽ̾ڱΧʱʱ̿ҪūӪˣ
紵ǰһ鷢մȾŻҳ벻֪ȥĵѪȴЦˡ
£Ӯˡ
ʱǹһϲϯƣʿҪںȾƴڳ⡣
ҪӢۣ


41 
СϷ
ⳡսʤ, ཫһʿڳһ¸صĽԼɱؾӪҪһʱ佫Ϣ¡
޼ɵڹ, ϵЦȴôҲѹȥٶԽԽӭŷȥС
ȿ쵽˾Ӫ, , վھӪſڣƵĿɢů⣬ȴ, ǹײ˱ζ
ͬʱݡǴ˷ܣеĴ, Ϊż£ϵѪѱС˱顣
ü΢۾ֵһ˲ˣԾŷâƫƫ֪
彣, , ˿ûȲ
Զ΢, ̫Ŀȴֻһ˵Ӱ
ļԽԽ߳, ˿ûͣ˼, ֱ弫ĵطżһµ߸¡
ƥ˻, ䷭, 治ɫ̧ȥӭʱ̤ס, 뽫˶ڱ˻
ʱ˵Ŀײײһ𣬷׺ȲСһ¾ͽ
Ҳ̧Դ壬鲻ԽüҶЦõĴ󹷹ҪԷ
ĿףзЦ⣬˳ë޾֪
ˣȽжС
Գ˼ɫȴ˸ֵԴֵҲάֲס̬֮
Ⱦϱе̻
յϢʱֻԼʣĽڵϢ
ūһսֺܿԣⳡսȴϵ磬ŵĺϳĻᶼûУ
ûбܻκһˣھӪ󷽷
年ס֣뱧־ȵӵȥϴһ˵ġ
౾Щģ廰һڣ¾޲ñ¾ͷɱߡ
ֻǷıʮֲָۣĪĲ㡣
ȺߡʱľӪԻңʤϲǻһӡ
вŵĵˣ
ϲգֻǣһϳʿȭһкͻЦȥǢ⡣
ڻɫ彲սϷ£赭дּΪһ
ϴεͷ𣿡ʡ
üҷɶƫƫ˵ǰɣҶ˵
Ҫллˡ֣صһνʱ಻֪ĸţûӴ˵һ㶼⡣
ͬͷ죺ȷʵûôܼūء
໰ﻰ⽫ūϹǼġ
ıֵλεģҪ¿
ͣס˽ŲһţΪ¶£巴Ŀӡ
ɫ棬żᶨͬҲ˵ʹûнҲһܻɱūӣΪ㱾ֻǶ˽ã˽·֪ûн᲻Ƹ·
ǿܺãսĽ
ո˵ĻܲʲôĪе
ûҲԣԸ˳
ǶĪŲ̵
עӣֱͦ˼ƤȴҪˡ
ԭڱµΰҪ˾Ӻλ
ͻȻЩô¡
ԲԷƱʾȻȻȻʵ֪𣿡
֪´ξҪֱ׳ЩɹˣʵûҲǿԳɹġ
ĻᣬëһڶϣģѸ뿪Ϸ飬˵ͷ
иɿʵͿ첽˻ʡ
ûˣˮȴѱãǹ̵ģ̺׼ʱˮ
һʣͱڣ˿ףϴյۣŴų
ӼʱͷﻷãӦҪȾǸϸһЩŲ
չֱȤʮ㣬ԹԼŪҲ֪ʲô飬ܹǴģȤ
Ȳɷ֪մһڣˣ¸ոʲôš
ֱ˲ԼգڣѸٷۣҲĵѪ
Ҫ۹͡Īһô
æ
ಶ׽ȴпգԵ˵ͷΪҸ˭սá
۲ϸ΢Ȼڴﵽһһĵز廹֪ĸ˵Ĺ
˵ͷáһ±ɵͷһʪĶûУůģǱһ㣬еɻ󣬻ʺʹٸҲ¶Ȱһʺ󻹲û
תͷʣʺôҲķԡ
ཫɾӵݸ壬ֺ֪ĻɣͷѾɵĲˣֻ¾Ϳԣ۲ű£͵͵ɡ
Щ˴ŵСϷ
ͷఫĿһر°ľϸֻ־ͿסĴڡ
ôһҲ벻̲صıȥʵýʱǻΪɱ˵ĵ
ˣ轣ʱҲɫĴڣ֣ôһ鲻ԽḲȥҪǲǸǰϸ
ȵƸŶЩ֫ϣ͸´ݵϱһƤ̵ĵ׵¶ȡ
ͷĶһ٣Ȼͷʼ滺ͷƤ
ԽסȻĻµϸ
ǼƵĶǱµζһһȫȫﵽҸ
ȻϷɣСȴûͣ˳űµĲͷķʽÿһͺһ
ÿڳ㣬ӻ
ԽԽ֣һ¸һ£ͷ˿ϻðԿ϶ǸɵģǱģûߵĵ
ŹһƣָֻͷСһ·Ȼע£ͷʼɢȣ
ܿı飬ᷢ𾪵ѹ˲໹Լ
һû˯Ƶ𾪡
һٴһűķ˿ظոյĶ
ȻһĻٴαŷ˿˼׼
ԣû˯Ѱɣ
ࡣסļϼΪصͷԼɣ
ϵ㻹δתɫͻȻסˣǱ°Ҳɵ𣿡
ǡ岻ŵ࣬ǻɫ
ϸϸոշ½࣬ĩܽ᣺һû͸ˡ
庱¶ίɫ಻ţϾҪҲš
Цãָƽ΢üͷ
û£ʲô¡Ȼ֪ô£Լڸŵ˱¡
෴˼ʵǲӦá
忴ȥʲô˼
ʵ£ͷҪȻŽ͡
໹δ˵꣬ͱ弫ȼ֮ˣ⣿
һ˼ô˵ǣǵ˵ͷ
ʱֳ˳ᢵӣ룬ϴεĶ󾢺е󣬻ʺƺǳɵһ֡
ΪԼ˯ʱ˵ĺһģһ
ץס֣ʾûϵʼǻʺ󣡡
һҪػʺĹ񱣬ϾʺһҲǲԼġ
಻ԣصͷţ
Ŀԣ˵


42 

, һ𣬿ʼĥйʲô١
ײʿܣйǵĽ, ʱһûƷĻύɼϽ۹ͣΪٻǧֵµǸСġ
һĥī, ˳һһ, ɽӡеӦ
඼ǹĿΪʿһƬʶԼƽʱҲע⡣
һн÷ķ͵, ԼʿİȫȷսҲɨˡ
ڵľ޴Ȧð˳, ճĳҲƣ˷ܵʿһһѾһеĻڻζսϷ£еѾĿ˴֪յʲô
ǿȫ򱻼˳, 汻ʳ, ȻǴūɻսƷǴ̳̳ľ, ҵֱͷȻǸĴ̲, ӦоС
ʢƽϲͷĺҲζֹܱ, Ѹٽߴͷ
, ٷ, ٴ̶ֵˣǵ˳ũ, ＴʹһҲóһٷôҲĨ
ԱߵЦһţʹЦȴ
ϽѹȾƣ
ȣҲѧ飡

ԶԶһĻɶ¶˵Ц⡣
ˡ
ʲôˣվʵ
ⳡսԶˣҲûؼˡ帲ֶ
˵ǿҪѾ
ĳԶ㣬̽ʵū
ūӪǱˣǵԮҲһʱˣֻҪµλһ춼Դл
οĵܵܣĵȫ
һȴ뿪ͻһ˹ʹԪˡ
ͷҪֲһڣµСĵܵʡ
忼࣬նݳֻūڳִڲ⡣
ڵĵλʱֶײУжзľߣʵҲȷʵǸıȻҲԴ˴в
Ϊ£ڻĳûӵ׵ܾܵʣһʱСвСܵܡ
ΪµûжŮҲΨһһµѪԵϵˡ
ūǴλȻҲ߾֮
ôһв˵ϵλӶ˵ǿԵġ
彫Ľ
ǱµڱУ̡
Цţ԰׵Ҳ˺ΣէǸˣϸϸƷζȴһֲýӽĸо
ºͣ˵ĻȴɱϣҸӣܹ˾ͳɡ
ΪʵۣעԵ˵ļĮռƣȻҪϾɱָͷĵ˲Ҫ̧ͷĿܡ
֮෴ǣżĿݣһЩ˴ŵĹһЦ֮
ͬ˵ͷâ¶ıһ˵ĸо
Ũ
̲סüһڣ΢һ룬ȴĽë˲˵Ķˡ
Ҳȷʵˣ˫ְסӣɣȥߡ
ʴôܲƯ
ȥһܷĵطһС̳ƾͽߵǲɢΧš
ཫƱݸ壬һſھǰããЩ˿Щů͡
ͷͷˣҪ£м䣬ԶԶŵк͵ȴ˵ľơ
ʾ彫ľƱȻž̳ƣһȡ
ҲϵЦ̫ˣҲ鲻Խ˴ڴ˫ҲһסƱָڱķףԳ˼ֹɡ
൥ָԼþƺŽ̳һԵʯͷϡ
ϵǸͬСƱž;¿ɰ
һֿ죬
ͬľƱںһ𣬷СǶ˵ģ˭Ҳ
ೢһڣȴ⺮
˵۾ģ͵ȵèһһһھͽһС̳Ӿƺˡ
סůǣɢȥ
ƺܺúȣĬĬ

ȿ쵽ʣͻȻע⵽ǰǻݷϽ
Ͻ忪ڽס
ݷתע⵽һһ֮æȭ¡
̬ȺܺãϽ޺£
ݷֹ࣬಻սǣŵ֡
ֱ˵޷֪ݷʲô˼ûߣԭֻܹڽҹľˡ
ݷѲźۼһۣսϵйϵ
⣬Ȼսϵľ濴͸׽ūӡ
ȴУһһȴûһ˷֣ڳʿҲûһ˼̡
ūôתء
ͨһ鷲ˣδҲ̫ͻأˡ
󵨲²иϵ
ݷѵĻ˵һͶˣȻʥʮָۣ⣬Ļ˵
ȻȻ¿ŲʱֱɷƺС
ֻǣ˴뱲ӣĹ֪鲻Ŀɺޣһҧص£ϳνսϵĽиϵ
бŷʣǵһϵһġ
սɳϽ
ԭΪʲôֻ⣬̲סûϵ
Ҫ̲סǲǼ˽Ĳ֢żأݷѵ֤ǸҪΪԼͷ
嶼ÿɫҲ֪Ȥ
йϵ𣿡ε
ݷЩãȻ»ûȥôͷչӡ
̧ͷֻ࣬õĺ󱲶͵ͷƺ˵Ȼйϵ
⣬ֲȷˡ
ݷѺʹɫ̹Ȼϴϳçײˡ
νֻ̫ˣֻʱĿȶԿһ
һʱгݷѵ˵ͷϽĥűѰҽóճˡ
Ͻס׼˵ݷѣཻյ֣ɴ޵Ļʺࡣ
ݷѣ
˺棬˳鴤㡣
㿴Ųš
ݷѳǼѸǣ뿪µ֮󣬳װԳ˥ϵҲӰɡ
ﰡүү֪ʲôϢ
һյС
εǻʺôүүҪЩ
ݷеФ
ȻҲж֪֮£˵ͷͷǵ
ʵⶼмѭµĻʺΪ࣬˭Ҳ֪Ů͢Ǳߴһʼ˵ģɣΪȸ࣬ʵ౱ࡣ
ݷѲţҲ̫ˣһүﾹȻ֪ˡ
˵⡹ӣ֪ô磬ôүүҲ˵
òԣӣݷһˤˤ˵ϡ
һҹļҽ쳹һƬӪ
л˵
лͶԺ 1ף33ƿӪҺ
ǳл֧֣һŬģ


43 
ƭӣ
ݷߺ, ̹ؽ˻ʡ
ôֱӸݽ˵ˡڿĽϣ촽̲ס𣬵óŬѹˡ
һ, ߣ䵽Ӱ
Ĺ߲ã䵽֮侹˼أ⻰Ҳ˱ʲô
ǻ˵, ƺҪһ, ԾĻص˵˵ˡ
˿Լ˵Ļʲôζ
ˣı²֪ǲ֮Ҫô¶ƤǰӨӨ, ɢ͵Ĺ⡣
˱֮£̹Ȼ, Һܸˡ
͵һСཫյļſˡ
׷۾ҲǺ˾ƣǱ¸˲ˣ
֮ƣ˵Ҳ˭, Ǳһ
ü۴, βȴ˵˳ĻӦͣ޽Ҳˡ
ʲô
°Ȼ, ʱȤǲȥˡ
иɿʵֻӦ, ǵʺ˼ˡ
ǷֱļϹۡ
黨һ
ǣס, ͽ˵¶˸ɾҸ˱¸, ˾·, ʵҲ֮, ʸ񣬳購˭ãƾһȺֺƾų͢ϵ¹󣿡
͢¹һʶԣ˲ֱ졣
棬оǴȻ֮ɫҲûƽյ¶ĶƤСèࣺʲô͢¹󣿡
֪µСӣ಻ȥ׻
ӱ⣬ֻװɵǵˡ
ˣζ˵ͷûٳϷŪࡣ
Ϳñڵնв㲻Ҫ룡
̫Ҳãֻһ͢¹ʾһ˲֪˭
Щƣȱ㣬˵ʱȡʱ;͸еĺ鱦ʯͷΪ˲ϧצҲҪȥıʯ
ڷֲɱ˸ԼȣˣȻл׿ᡢ߹١Ǳµĵɽ
ô
ȥ壬ҪԴղɡ
ЦҪȥ㣬ѵ⸱ӣûϸء
ȻֵΪսϵ˶ٻеɱ䣬ǳȻƫƫϳˣȴҪˡ
岻ЦˣҲЦ
ԶҡҡλΣ˲ŵһλ
һһֽ໳Ҷˡ
촽ѿĸƤرʡ
ԥԥ˻Ǵӽߵõĵط
嵹һˮ꣬ȻŵҪʲôȥ
źĿձӣСϣ̧ͷЦĻۣ̹ӡ
Цĵ־ȴС
ԹȽů¯壬ˮֻҪǵõĶһŵֱߣƿȥ
ǽͺһƣǾůӲȴҲθտգ֧ӦգںϸóЩʳ̹
ֹˣҲ룬ʵʱ̹Ӳ
ԼĪһ̵Ĺ򣬵ٻʱСӣһʶͽӸ֧ȻһӦþ˺ŷźãŹ˳ȥ
ӵһ˫壬־һӷſ
Ķֻ಻٣˳ԳͣͣȻһӾ͵˰ҹ
·Գ˵ĶƤӲǵգ˹Ƿ
ˡ˯죬Ǳ߾ٸ첲
ãȥ壬˼ϴһ±ɵ˴ϡ
񣬶Ǳҹķ磬ද˶壬ŷֱ˲˯˹ȥԴ
Ǹʶ׽ᡣ
ʲô
ΪĽпգŴô󡣱ΪĽпգ̹ӡ
ֻýĻŸűйɵĺһһ˯˹ȥ
˯֮ǰ໹룬µĺߡ

ڶϣԤеѩŷ׷ÿһƬǶëģ¾ܽɫʸǹȥ
ûãӪ˰ããһƬ
ŴѩѲߵʿĶš
ʱûо飬ཫͻȥ߳ѰЩӻڻ޻ķڶȹⳡѩʥϻĹȻвͨˡ
ڽʵʵס໥֮䴮Ҳ
Ӻ·һϽ˻ںȾơûȴŶȴϾǹξˢ졣
ʱҪϽ˵ʲô֣һ궼ʥϣʱʲôʱ졣
ҲϳĹٲϡˡ
ݷѶ˱ӣ£ϳһ
ɻûƱȥһԵǫͼΪ˳ľƱȥȻԼľƱϡ
£ϳҲ
һ΢΢˴ϳľƱ
ݷѼ˲ת˷򣺡νϳ
һԣæֱҡ
ϸ˵žƱ;ȥ
ݷЦǺǺˣΪ飬˳Ʋǫһۣеĵɪ⼫ˡ
ǫûۿһתͷ
ݷѲźȻԵã֪ĻΪʥϺȵľơ
һվ΢ϽǾҲǴĺȣʱ۾Ͷˡ
浶ӵϤһӽĺڷû˹ɫؽһżݸ࣬Ǹġ
أʡ
㣺ˣʳ
˵ͷֱԵ¡
˲ɢһүү֮ǰ˳ȥ
ߺżֻμȴд˲ʹ࣬һһԳ
ӣ֪Լߴ˲ϳĴڸߵڻ־ǰҧгҪһսͣƺƸ۵
Ƹֽۣżһ飬Թ࣬ȴԹ
Թ˸µᣬȣֻܲؽ̶Уµĵ͵ȫѩĵط
ūẺȴ˵Ŭū
ʹū֧ʹȥɱҲ֮£Ϊû֪ϵĺɫ·ζʲôû֪ʲô
ͣڸߵдţʹµҲ˲ᣬֵˣ
仰Ǻūԡ
˵ĸӣ߱ӦǺġ
ҸУ˭Уˣүķ붼
Ľżݸ壬õıįһ䣺ϧˡ
ΪµΪֹСʱȴͨ£Ӫһ̤ŷѩˣ˵ǣ˵ҪȻһԵ֮ˡ
СվСһƬѩҲûУǲס
˶Ǿηģ˵մ˵ͨ
һϽ濴С˽
Ƭ֮һŷ۰õ˴˽һݹǣƤڣƫƫһ£Ա£¶һЦâݾɢ˳
һں
˸һžͽĿֱӶϣ۾Ϸȿ֮ˡ
˻һڣڵϽ۾˲ˣ֮ԵģҲ˲Դ
ƱڴЦֻ֡
Ū飬ƭӣ


44 
Сƭ
ŵľ˵, ʼңСͼ⸱߶߶ӣ˱ɫûжϵ
, ˶ͼһɵĿҲӹٽĻʲô汾¡
˵ŵļҲôˡ
һ˲ϵըڳ˱ɫ
ϷѰһиߵСѣһ, ҲǸ˶ϡ
ϵһƽ, ʱԳֲӡ֤ǾԵ˵ĻȴݷѶ̲סվڵһҲסһ㡣
ݷɢ˴, һ纮壬һ˷˰, һθҲ̲ס
ĵġ
˵Ҫȱܿӣʶʶͨɸߣ˰ɣϧ, ¶ٻصֵ
ū, ǺˣԹžǲ֮, ǾӪһūˣҳӵİɣ
һϵıϵ, ɵӾͳзѿ, ݷ̾ͶĲԽԽԡ
߸˾еèǲС, ֻǸղŲ֪, һϵϢȻκ˶ͨ
Ҳϵɫ, ݷѿ񶼲Ծˡ
ȱȭȻ˽ӣϳã¹ūһж飬½½졣
˵ݷɨϵҪ͸һ㡣
ɣݷѵֻԴ֪ıӣ͸ϵΪϵӿʼϵҲ¿ȥĪ⣬׽
ݷ߾Ӫװκ˶ݷѼᶨɵ۾Ȼսս
ϵȻ治ɫ԰οĪϷϸϸ
гˡ
ݷѼ֮ȻҲѵԭ
ǲһվվڱԲ¶˵Ҫô˵
֧Դ䣬κӡ
ֻ߬ŵڸߵż
ǰһǶǿϧôһˣһһϵʹߵ
ȷʵһӵ˸ɫʣҲʺϵ̰塣
ȴ̲ס̣ϧǿϧҪҲǼģ߲ìܲ
һһִڱµֱϣҲ࣬Ȼ㣬ױԶͶūѪʱʱ̲̿źޣƫƫìܵ˸ĶµԼּǵʱʱ̿Լ
˵ô࣬ҲʵʵڵūˣֻѪһôչǵĵˣ̹˵Ǻ¡
ɣϵ˵ȡͬ飬Ҳûˡ
Ϊڳ˻Ѫ𣬸
ϧһū죬ǲҲǳԱ˳ŵġ
ҡͷʶյһ
ϵסϽ㲻Ӫ˲õģԳֲϵġ
ȴ¶Щѵģʵֱչִּģҡ
ɻδ˵꣬㱻ִ̧ˣʣ֮ˣ
ϵӦ˵ͷԣϷ򣬱ˡ
ʶߣ
ϵԵԵϷġ
˵еָ֣ҪƵġ
ϵӵסɢˣ±㾪ſ졣
ಢһڽǿȥ׼ȷ˵Ǽеϡ
ྪ棬һοͨȴǲţΪͨأû˿š
ȥȴΪʮָۣڱżҲ˵ϡ
߶˹ϵ⡣
浱Լֵʱﵱ¾һ⣬ʵ̫аˣϵӰҲϵоУȴȵ˵ע£ֻӲͷƤָӰָȥ㡣
֪Ϲã඼ǰƿӻεָһ㣿٣Ͳˣ˼ҾûиֵĻᡣ
׷ߵƽҪŵٲΧ˵ĺøеġ
Ҫ֪˵ͣ˵Ч
һϵʱָֻּ࣬󣬶һֻӵҲԾע⡣ʱԾɶһݺڵûңϷⳡѩҪʮ췽ͣ
һָָĴѩ
ʮ죬Ҳˡ
ϵôһ˵ȴǾȷסˣѩͲһҲܶһ졣
ǲţɵʮ֤Ϸ˵Ļ١
ϣ͸˵ĻҲʮ㡣
Ȼš
ƮƮһܣţôšӪ˶࣬ϵȻΪһʶū˳̶ȣǶԺ˻ɡ
ɣӪʿ٣ϵȥһһȡ
ѵúԺûΪѵ˼
ʱҲӦױ»ǲţߴ˸ûƭ£˿ڸ˷ѡ
ͨôȻ˿֮ˣҲġ
ҲЦеϵĳǧʮ˶úðϢ
ʹƴ󣬵սϲɱľ
ཫ˵ļֵļᣬȴһشһϵƤǿŴࡣ
ϵգգ۾Դת࣬żˡ
ʣ٣
óȶ٣
ظǧʮˣһҪǵֶӦɲܻˡ
ʱϵ˵ħһ㣬ֻħ
ȷæھͿʼȳǧʮ̸Ҳ١
ǧʮħһѭϵԺУֹΪϡӣάֲסϽ侲
ǧʮ壬ôмô
ʱ׵ĻʵƺҲΪϵʶȤɫοȻϵģھ˰㡣
ϵƤ꼱ֱҡͷǣûӦ£
һһôܺǣϹϵأֻ볬һ͵㣬˶ѡ
ȻѾ˳˲ãҪԥȴᡣ
彫ʵ۵ϲŭ޳չʾ쾡£ոջºͲӣȴŲãôҪ۾
Ҿ޴⣡ϵæ亹ȴ˳Ŷͷ
˳źķߵ̱Ҳ޷ӳС
֣˶һۣһ˼֮С
ʱЦԴϵȥһóĳ⣬˵ƤӵͷҲÿ찡
⻰ǶƤϵµ˵ģϵ˿̻ŵֱҲʲûԼԼš
εԣ֪ļҵСƭˣƭͷϡ
ΣҲ˵ˣֱӾԳӲܽͷ֮ޡԭΪǸϵƭӣǸСƭӳѰֵġ
ǵԣҴȥѵѵ
ͷνģǾͽ°ɣһҪúдλϵ
ϵѹȥεѹѹϵƤꡣ
ڳλ˵ͷˣͨģǵҲţȥ
ԣɻɣ
ʲôǬŲơ


45 
߸
˽Сƭӡ롹ȥ, Ȼ˽СƭӰƤϴˢɾСӲţ˼δ, ƽ˵ĺܣúý˵Ŀʳ
˵ǽֻ࣬Ըֵµ˼ɣȱܹλźúֻ˻ʡ
ʱڽѾɢȥ, 뿪ʱ黹㲻, Ͼʵ۵ûоͽˣʹǼҲ˵ϵ̹
彫ˮĺӸϣȥھĻ, Ҳ
ཫոն˽ѾݹȥȻΪӽӹŵϡ
ӪȻʹ, 㲻ٳʳˮǲȱģõҪһЩû˽СţʹǱķ磬ֱ, ǳҲƽ
ڼ, ΪԶûˣϻܹҵ, ʹҲܵסֻǱȳ˲Щˡ
Ѿ, ת۾ǵֶҲҪ
Ҵмǻ, е漼, ֻҪõ, ῴǽ˵Ķ, ͨͨ¼ȥȻ֮ȴȱҳŪһΣСƭǱȲǸСƭӵַ
һڽڻΪǸ͵ϵλȨصǶƽȵ⣬һ㶼ûжԼСӡ
ҡҡͷȺֱûۿ˼Ҳ
ǵֻˡ
һӦã˴ˣұȥá
ǸСƭӣȴ汾ģзŹĵ֪ʲôʱ򶼻á
Сƭ£ԼĪʮ꣬δô֪һ£̥ǣ
ռģǮ
£ǲȥռһСƭӵĶ˵ʹҪǮҲбģСƭġ
Цµģ˾䣺µġ
ϱġ
మӣǰһգ뿪ʱסˣŵԲۡ
պһС飬Աߵ۰γĶԱȡ
գָ棬еͷ
첻кۼɡʡ
಻ȷӦûаɡ
УǾӡ
̲סôһֻӡ
࿴Цŵ˵ͷ¶Ũۡ
Ҳ֪յɢůɫƵĵƵûǱʲô峯࿿ʹ˾䣺еôҧν
౻һνһ飬Ҳ˶⸲һ˼ʹ֮ΰƺһˬǾϵġ
ǣȷʵ׼ʲô˼ɰԼսˣҲ˼ء
ĿƶŶԷǶδˡ
ˣӡ
Ѿϣʣǳǳһףڶ쵴ḯζ˵Ҳĸ˾Ӫһ
ôһˬƶȥػһ˾ʹк
гԷ֣ȻʳûȥİȻģ䣬ضסˣ˵ȥæȥæ
סʿܳСȻһ󽫾ס֣ӷ졣
ЦǺǻӦ˳۾ע⵽δ󽫾еѵ
һȦˣŸ˽ʣһѾ˻ʡ
£ȡů
ٻصʱѾűΪûе㲻ڣĿƽʵӲأĿⷢɢеû˾ӡ
ǣҡ
ʱͿһ󣬱ͷң⼸̣ܿ촽Ҳˮģ͸ƤİףŵۣûƽյľУƽ˼ҵСӡ
ཫſڵĻ¯̧봲Զľ룬ľ̿̾յĸˣڵĺҲɢ˲١
ˣҲɢ˼֡
̧ͷࣺ·㣬޲붯
ѵЩ˵ȴֱ׳ʹԼĿ
ϵĺۼѾܵˣҲֻһĲ״Ȼܱȣȴǧϧһɶе㲻ãɱȴȥϡ
Ҳû뵽ôһҹȴˮɡ
ѽѽۣȴǲ֪ô¶źã޲ýıԼ⡣
¶ŴɵɵӦ£ã˯˭Ҿ͸µ¡
ڷϸѧϰĶˣҲܶһ棬ʱǼüã˯㲹Ѫ
תתҪת֮ǰˮǹԼС˴ߣȷһ־ͿԹľ롣չֵģҲֻ΢Сġ
ȱʲôƵģֱҪȥʱէȻʲôһ㣬ͬͬŽˮı
Ҫˣҡཫҵͷѹѹ
ûУȻ¯廹еġ
벻ѽţ˽
һŻҪ򶨵໹ɰģӦ£֪ˡ
ɵ֣ĲСС˼һо֮С
ǵеɰԳպ
һͷߵ˰µӴ֮һ磬Ǵķ羰ʵʵģֻܿģš
Ҳˣű´ȥˣ
Ȼ⣬൱ڱĶ룬µڣѾβ׶Σβ˾ӪսбҳһŵĹٷ˹ᡣ
뺷֮ӣռɽΪ˵˲٣һ·һ·˷ˣһ佫߹ĴСѶȥеҲձ࣬ʵĽһӴŸӷŻԼļң׼ĸ֣׼򱻳ΪɷһҪȥ޽󹤳̵ĵط
ҪڸչȭţگһһЩǴ··ĵطͻἱִһˡ
һЧ޵ģܴ󣬵һһ̤㲻֪ʲôˡ
˾ֱӽĹٳˣѹˣбǮ⣬ǰһţĸֻʱ⡣

Сƭӵϵϲн˲ڣȥˣԴһӡ
ûȵˣСƭӻбҴҲ⡣
ԵӣСƭӽ軨׷ģ֪Ǵĸ˼ҵĸۡģļΪ
ź಻֪һҪƣɣһҲ
崧ְСһԸݹߡ
ʣܲܰһڱϣ
ࣺʵ̫ˣһ˫۳ݿĻľܾסߣã
ʹЩ΢СϷ


46 

ȷʵҲ˱, ҲֻڱӰӰ´¸һ±ֱзǵһӰ
жϳЩԻ
Ϊʲôֱӻ㻭ˡŤͷʵ
ϱЩߵ, ӣЩڣֱܿ׳Ϊûнң
ûг谮ԭ򣬿ҡ
ûл, 佫
ܰıӰȷ, ¶ֻʣ;Լеţܲˡ
ûн, ȻᣬϾһֵĹ, ±ʳֶǸѧġûձīĴͳҲֻ˲ŷĳֶȻûеģеֻǼǵСɡ
ٳݼҵ˻ɽʯһԶ
ºĸԼһʺ佫ԭ, ҪĨ˼ҡ
׶״Ĺһһ´ű, ˵Ҹȥֽ̡
ίһɴԹ
ֵ̧סۣ̲Ц, ÿüӣл, ḻ嶼̲ס춢ơ
Ц, ǰЦǣ֣, ȥ, ݼ̡
ඪ˹, ʮָۣҲ飬̱㻻ɫȲ
ߣȥҡ
˶ţϵ·ƽչȥһ硣
ջصҹЩ廹Ľ÷ʼӦ
§ס壬˷ڰϣߴ󣬵űʽѧټ棬˭ҲᷢһҲ
廭һ֦÷ϣһһԭһ
ô̥̲סʣʮ궼ѧʲô
ῴ¹䣬ҹȷ׳꣬Ŷ϶ʮԼĪԼһ㡣
ȻԳԲ̫ģûɵġ
һҲûµһؿɵֵ츳ɡ
ţ츳΢΢⣬һֻҪԼӴȫԼϲá
ΪӸ£Ҳܾջ
ྫӿ£ڴõݣһٵġ
˾ϸôƯ·Ȼôչ˧츳ء
УȻ۾ؿ˼ֳԡЩ죬ʶʶ˸첲Ҫǽһ
ûı¾͸ղһ˹׼ȷȦסĲӣز·Ҳҽ
˸ʵȽôһڻñһССĻȡ
ȥĲӣ࣬е˼Զ
ˣ£۲۰Ͼ
ҡͷ˵ֻǲ˲䡣һָһ㣬ʱޱȣɽźµı±ڵĴȥ

ѩʮ죬Сƭ˵Ļֺ΢˵СƭӻеͨģСƭæ곬Ⱥͽ˽˹
ҪȻСƭԼһγˣഫ˵ɰȻ֡
ʮˣоԼ˶ûˣ찡һ𻰡
Ǵʵۣɵݡ
Сƭվڻڣͽߣһʵ̲ȵС
һƤǰ׵ķ⣬һꡣʱԵͷԣͷϵҲĴţûˡ
Сƭָָ׵˿ڡͬʱѾڵĻ鿴ˣûǸǸǺıͷӣʱ˲١
˵ͷзСƭдµĶ
ݣǸ֡
ݵ˵ͷͬ΢˵㱧ԹʵɵּΪ
ʱŶ˵ͽȻԿӣǵһֲɡ
ûУºԹȥˣܾõʵ۵ע⵽ҲϸֵԶһˡϾʵģҲǶʿһӡ
޾׶ų²ߣ
ǵͷҡͷش𣺡ͷı⸱ӣܶôţʿȰˣͽ
һһľȫ棬ⷽϳɼˡ
ѽйݵֽ˺ü飬ʱһĿʮһ飬ɲܶٱ飬е𾪡Ϊʵ̫ȫַǳˣǰģѧĻĲǵƳ磬ȴΪá仰˵иֻؼܣܷӵĵطȥˡ
Ȼһ涼Ƕʮֵľܱͨ߷֡
С߷֣˴ëһӣҲֻΪ߷֡
ȻһͨﲻﲻܱȣҲǸʵʵĹֲš
ˮˣĺȱ˲š
ڵĺܺãûݿʣϾȨðԼϡ
˼ȳƨţ¹ô;˶Ӧú޲õõΪĲѧ
徲ڵû˵ĽƣȻݶʼ̲סʱʣҪʲô
ʵȵҲܽģֻ˳ᢹˣݲô췴Ӧǰ
۾һ̧ͷʥϣֱԣʦ
СξܾĿ졣
࣬ȴλͬʦ˵˾һȨյƳҲӼΪʵ۰£ְߣҲͰ˻ʵۺöͷȷؼ͡
ʦͲͬˣʦΪԭϳˣԭٸȨմ˵㡣岻ģʦɲֻȻʵ۰һͷõõҪȫڹʦˡȨе㲻ˡ
ңʵ۾ûвģȻҲŰ֮Ӣ˸̣ʦô£
ײס
һ̬ȣʱһһ¾ͱĳĸ֣
ĮݵĲ״ڳϴ̬ȡ
ֻʷΣŻʵԣʷ鹦һݣҪȻ÷ѾооǸԼʻᱻûʷС
һʷоģһӵ׷󣬱ñ֪ôһˡ
˲Բ˲
ʱƿŽߵߣһɨݣֱԵҲͱһ𱻺ʷ
ƭһϯֱȻ
߾ʲôǴ˿̵һʱ̰Ȼ˳ԣǧͬʱᵽضб£ᵽҲضᵽࡣ
ŽаѶųȥ
ܺãһͷݣûû鹡
ҭסһ£кݺ²ĲΪȻͷ˻ƵºͽСһ
ʲôʷֻҪһжԣȫ
忴ֿ࣬סˣǴײ
˲ۡ
岻òĶ˸ס
⡪롣


47 
˳
źڰ׷ۿ, һֿһΡ
ҪΪֻҪھȫһվļ, ˵ҪԼ
һжЦչȥٲȻݵʯͷ
ⲻڿԼ𡣡
ԼӮ˼ϲȻΪΪ
ಢվ, һƺԼĴڸС
û, ֻɫҲǲ֮ˣֻҪް£ʦȥҲ޷
ǰ̽, ˵ĲҪġ
һϲ棿
һԿ, ɸ̾ԣ˵Ļô٣ʡ
˵ͷ
أʲô¶û͵ͷˣ
ги֮⣬ˮ⡣
, , ˲ˮ
ϣŶһ֮ľ, Ȼв²⣬ӾϵĳļҡνĹϵֵ˼
Ҳûʲô˵Ĳ, Ͼг, йг衣
˶, ſ, س˼, ԵǸ˲ţѱ湦ֱ⡣
֪û˵ƽ˫ܣ
忴ֻֿ࣬ȻͷһȦ
ݿڽͣƽר͵ƽĽ͵ӣϴ˵ȥʼҵĽ󣬲ҴˣѾ顣˫ǽĶӯ֮ˣֵѣһֱضʮ
ǲɱŮͯа˲٣ǵµҲ٣ҳֲɣ
ץסĵص㣺˵Ǻˣǰ߻ȥ͵ׯĽ󣿡
ͷԣӦǻȥˣ֮ϣ˵óѣ˳ȥ
ֻʧˡ
ÿڣûʧҲͳӱòܽˡ
̹ȻʵȴѺݺݽ˾ڽԷׯֵĽܴ󣬼ʹҲʮʮ꣬շĵֱӽѹȥ
ࣺ֪𣿡
ࣺ֪ĴߣɶѧϣǻħԼɣʦС֮ѧ˵Ҳʲôһһġ
ݣĸɵģ
ݵĳ鲻ƾձһ
ӣѩɽéʿ֮ͽʦֻҳⲻǰ;ĵطٷٺʷϣĴﻹбϣá
ش󣬻ʵȻߵ룬ûʹаȡʥΣĲܣ϶ǻʵεˣﶼбˡ
ϧ
಻ʦ˴˭֪⺢ʲôҲ͡
ݼѧӦǼ˽ĸһ·Լ۲ˡ
˳ʣǾΣ
һ⻰Ҳȥ붢ݡ
ǳĬ˼սթ֮ŵȳ֮ɢ̫֮֮˵׳ΪԱǲõġ
ȷʵѹˣҲĵطÿ걻ʵӴ󣬶ԭȥһƽҲŲð
ĿģڽѾɿƣһΣģϣʵȴ֣Ϊһʶײɽϵĺ
һ£һ⣬ķ
һбͷƴҪôѹҪôϳȥöԷռһ顣Բܴ˺⡣
ֻ඼˵Ϸֺˣʵֻϸ
ͬͷܳΪ֮أûлʵ۵Ĺء
壺ȥڲϵ֪ʲô˸ôʲô˸Աֱ㽭ȥóˣһ̫ƽ
ݣҲǾ֮ͽ
ǳɹޱʦ֮λ
꣬Ѿʮû˵ιʦһְˡ
ڴӦʵ۵ûһֵܽллˡ
ҽɱʵȡ⣬ΪĹʦ֮λ
ݸɴ豭ʾٱһ
˵꣬Ҳӣǰž豭һ£ԲƣΪʱͬ˸ɱ
ȻݱȥԼϴĥĥʥҪȥָɡ
ڡ
ߺԾԾʵʲôʱҲȥ֮أ
ū꣬లͽۼߣķ羰ҲǲģϾǱµĽɽûгġ
ʱ϶òϴǲ࣬ɢҲû
ϸϸūµһϢǾͿԶŴȥȻٶūƣβ貼ƥԼʵʳȥƥĥǵĶ־ѱ˳򡣡
µǹؼֻҪ̨ūҲˡ
ޣ
ȻصִǾͿ̣ʱٵ㣬ȥءʱ䣬Ҳȥһ˶Ҳ𣿡
ʵػȥļ翴೤ɵĵطԼԷ˿δ͸¶ڷĸĸ
Ժ˳һ·ߣȻؾǣȥȥ
Ȼٳ˸õˡ
ԣҾͳڶʱȥŵ
ܴ󣬴㹻ȥϷˮ

ūǱߴϢ󣬽ýӥ׹żȵūʹţƥ͵ģҲҪ
Ϊľ۾ڱ߾һֱūͥƣȻ
ūĵˣһųλߵĹϵάһ΢ƽϣū׳ƳΪ𣬽鱦Էϣ²ūʿҲᣬ
棬ȴһԽɱɾ󻼡
˵ȴǲأް㲻ͷҹƽ⣬Լūˣġ
˵ǿ׳ģʱòʧūһȻϡ
ҹϸϸģͷΣСͷܣһֱ˵ಹ䣬ĩһڹȻڰսòһ¶⡣
һ۶ܿԷĴ㣬û˿ǡ
ʹǰȻҲһһɱ㽫󻯣ūĿ϶ǿ׳
ǩ˺Լūʹ߱ȥҲʼӰʦس
һ죬һ־ս¾ûˣǾȫʤȾϲϸϸˬ졣
úףһϸϸĽ̵֮ԣƵƵͷȻ˺˯
ҹ£˯ˣſʼȻɢڽѪУ˳µĹͷúð˰ɻüͷ˯߲Ÿоɳ˴һ
µԽԽǿ׳ˣԴʶ⣬ͳ֮Ժ㰴
˵ҩԲúˡ
ɾ͸ⲻȶѱʯȤһԼɢ˻Ǳ¡
˾ı¡


48 
һ
ūһ, Ǳ㿪ʼ̣ʦسٻصǵʱѾǳռеӭ, γ˿̬ơ
ԣ˼װ˺ƽ˼ո£źǣϱ˽֣С̫̫ͷһ˿, Űռλöء
ǹС׬, յС۰ͰһۣЩ˾ͼΪͳͭԼ졣
˼ҵжսַض˼, ϲҪǮƵȥ, ǵ䣬һһɩӵĽţ޲õһ¡
ǵһſάס˾档
Ŵ΢Ʈ, ӭŷչ档ĽʿĿǰ, һǰߡڣŴǰ, һ̧ͷԿ
һŽ
ص˹Уһ̫һС̫ƺƵӭǡ
ūŲμϻʺ, , ʺǧǧǧǧ꣡
һСܲͷ̫Ҳˢˢ¡
Ǹʲô
صūڱ²ʱѡС, Ƕ, Ҳ, ūñ¸ۡ
һˣ޷ģ֪ûж˼
æվ̾ʹǰ·̫·
򲻿ѱԼûģͽԼеȫȡõʵ۵Σһ˿һұ
βΣξͲھ׸ƽɫ͸ôȨ
ǽĵϴȥһĳ̫ҽҲ룬ʥϰ
Ȼǡʥ念̩ûбʱˡ
һӦ꣬ڲſ
ھдףûһʶԣ̬ʵϺֻÿĿ
ʶˣûᣬԾñɲǺõġ
˻㱨ʱ޾ϸһӦ㱨һ飬֪˵Ŀڸꡣ
һûһţŻеʱʱ̳ͣһͻһ飬£ڿ˭Ҳ
ȶԣ͸ҵһ㣬ٽ񣬵ͳһһ
˵ŵϲյҲһֱߡ
˰ɡŻֱôĴָԴϣƣ
֪Ȥ˳ȥ˳˽Ҳһ£˿Žȥ
миСӣܹһԴһֲ㣬ཫȥ˿ϡ
ſԼϣԼѨԴ·ɡ
һ䣬µ·Ҳһ˳ק°ڣϾȻ˯ˡ
ͷµĺһƽֱӣȻȻ¶˳
и񱣬ϲ˰һΪҲϲǣԽԽá
֪Ƕһ
£һûӦԾƽȡ
ˣСȥ̱µ֣ȻԴԼ˵˯ŵûҲʤޡ
ɫδƻ裬͵Ĺɢϡ
ûĽǶȣãۡ
ʶָУ󣬱ʯУּˡ
˼룬ôʵĺҺ̣۵ʱõ
ܵԴһ΢΢죬ʶȥ£񣺡£
еţ޴롣ǻ᲻ܳŵ¡
뵽޲̽ջȥªʯͷһ㶼ûմӢ䲻ĽӲɫ
𶯣ģЩ˼ע⵽ģҵҪԼҪɫϲãȤġ
忴ͷǣϴμڽϣû뵽ྐྵȻһһԭ˳治츳
ƺ˵ʲô˼æͷԣģ
ԲΪôªĽǡ
Թܱ档ϲ̲סģ¡
սԣι̡
סǰ˵֫ѹŵԣǳι̡Ǳܲܽ
Ҳѹֲס˼յȥǡ
ѡĵõ尮֣òЩ᲻ãô졣
࿴ϲһһµ˳ǣ̲סڣǱ͸¡
棿
ϲҲʯȴжϲʲôʡԽԽǸ᲻¡
϶ˣ棡
˵꽫忸𣬴̤ߵϣȥ
ͷһбȥϵĴҲɢʵʵڵסһ˿Ҳûйȥ

ա
ˣǳǳӡҩͿȥȻϰɫۣ֬ſ
ҹһԼ
֣Щʶ˭뵽ôӡҲӡϡĵҹĳŵ
ûнŵֻҪһϾͿԸһϿǶеģûеڶݣŲʹӦġ
ôʳԣȱ³ͷϣһпġ
Ҫֵġôһ鶼ߣһ̵Ҳְɡ
ЦĵڴӦȻ
ȥϳ
վͭǰ˶ȥſʼѡǵĸָЩ
һʵĲҪݵĲҪá
֪һͷǰٰҲôãԭϲġ֪롣
ÿһ鶼£ԥ˲µķ֧Сֵһ顣
ûиоֻҪԼǴĥָһ
һ뵽ССһÿʱÿ̶ڱа棬ľͻȵ
쿪ʼͿʼССǣϣʱҲѰ϶¶ǣסúõ̡
ؾڻʹְλͼȨһ˸ɻԼڹңڣбڣѹ˲᲻صۡ
ûԸƳ購ȨȻѹ֮ҲֵĲ
ڳ϶еʯ̺úȥһξɽСϻʯɽͷ
˸յأ㿪ʼԴ˳ɽͷ½硣
һ˴һʱͻ»صԭأֻܳȥܽ
ӴӣΧԺӣǧľҾߣ󽫵õʯĴ׺
һԼªݱɣ˵һԴʱԲ迴촵˯
һаûصٰ꣬ʹСǵһԴ
ô죿һǻھоͣһ̾ͳ
Ϊǰʲôʱԣܿ졣ʴŷ
æһ£䲻ۣٵȴ٣һҲͣ
סƣԶɽֻĿҲ
ڲиܵʵ۵ĺ
̾Ҳ˭Ȣʺġ
ֿ죬ԺоƣСһ


49 

֪æ, ƵƵٽǵʵ۵ڸ󲻶´ǶæĽŲմ, Ⲣֻھǡ
һвŸ׳Ĵ󳼱ɵأʡڵһַļƣæƵСϰնʱʱ졣
ֵĹ, Ҳ᲻̫ƽ, ǺԾǸɺ
֮ׯûֵʱ򣬿ô, ڽУ־ûʳ, ˻ܱȫЩ͢ĴƺǸӡ֤²⣬𣬸õط²⣬սʤϲöһ
ľº, Ҳܲסһһĺ, Ȼ֧ԴЦſСԺʯϳɽֵг˯ȥ
¶, ȴԾ˱, ʯ, һ罫ͻ˻ʹϡ
Ⱦȷʵе, ࿴;ͣԼﹰ, Ȼ·ĨһľҲմʱ̾
Ϊ, Ƶ£˱Ӻ\˯˴ϡ
۹۱Ǳǹ죬̾ͽѾ
ĦȭƣӹѾ﻽ű£ֽӴϰȻʼιѾ
Сûĵġ໰дżԹȴִ˲ƣĪ⣬ȻŽ
ЩԸű£Լ·ȥࡣ
춼ˣ˽̫˱ǳߣֱһ˷㡣Ҫֵ£֪ô
ϾͨٴҲ˽ȫ棬ܵطϣܵ˱ߣס
˵ҲǰյĽԵǰոٺ»ȻʲôڲµģҲȷʵ˵ˬָ̧̧ܰ쵽ñ¸ܰæΪʲôأ
ҪҪĴģúðѽһ
֣ٵͷȻЩ˷ܣıĴ»ǽĺá
ϾܹĴΣÿһζˣõʵЧĻر
ֻһǴζΪȥ֮˼»ʵŲŷһ״Ľ֤ʣô˸ǰЧˡ
Щشòٰһ˽˵ģⴿһֹȻԾɱˮнܲס˰
ֻñ¿Ŀģû뵽ܴеõ洦ⲻ½ӣ׸ô
ұ¾ΪСԼҵĴԵԼͷ
˵ʲôҪֵģһðƯƯΪԾˣ
¹̨ӭ࣬вɸӡ
˵ڵĺתڻʺϣƣϷƶ˺һ㣬֪ʲôʱйˣʺʹٲܻūҲܻ˺԰
˵ΪҲǿѲǡ
඼ҪΪԼѧղˣô͹۳һתͬʱڤڤ֮еҴ⡣
Ϊ¾Ǳʺϲģʱôһҽ޲ߣھͶô˿Ǹ֮ˡ
ֱͿ
һУվţԼĪǻʺ˸ıģȻ˭ôƫƫʺһͺˡ
࣬óʮֵĽûа̬ȣ΢μʺ󡣡
һ£໹ûվֱӡ
ö񣬽ȥ˵
Ӧ£˴ڡ
ֱӱ˵ԼĿģҪ۲ڽֵĶԽϸԽá
һ㶣һã㽫˴ȥһܴƹвĵطȴ֮ҪСǷй鼮ĵط
ʵÿĹ۲ⶼһ󹤳̣ռеõϢֱãҪҪϢŻḡˮ棬Ȼлһ׼ȷЩϸӵĲҲҪϡ
ཫ걸һݸࣺ۲йֵ鶫ˡ
ͷӹһĿʮпʼĲϸȴժҪģɵɻ
һܿ㱻ˣҲ˳㡣
˵ȿʼĺʲô
˼׵Ĵ𰸣ºͻסʮңһ㲻̫ࡣ
οʺ󲻻ģ¾Ѱ׵Ϯ֮ǰйٱ֯ũЯҲǵߴȼҲѵ׵׼
ÿ벻ҩ򣬺ԺҲơ
⣬˭ܲһ¸հԶⶼǾ̸Ȼʱ»̫Ӿͱȥ֣ǻ궼Ĺ⾰ôܲء
ϵǻ˵һ˿ͷûڲǽǽľУƴ
ʮҲ£ɾׯڣʳ
໰мȴŽִǡ
ཫ黹ȥ̲סοȻܷſģҲôƸۣһٵͷת˷ء
ûʺδ֮꣬Դǹȥ棬ͬʱﲻһ˿ϣһأ̲סӻʺԣϣˡ
Ҫǲܱʲô뷨ҪȽʺˡ
̲סϴԣһأʺָɣһתӦ
£ϸ
ҪɴҪͷԵЦļĵ
ͽɦɦԴͯӣϹ̨

ߺ࿪ʼѰһεĵطô󡣱ϾҪֵĵط뾩ԶһһؼʹȥҲҪķʱգ벻ñ磬ȻҪҸɵİ취
ܼ򵥣ҪҲ٣ֻҪɹ͵صͿԴ͹ȥͬҪٻһ
ƽʹûҲֲʲô·
֪ؼ仹ĴڣǾԵıա
Ҫ¾ÿմһӽЩư簡β˦˦ԶЩֻһ깻ׯںũþУҲķ˳ÿյĿʱͿ˯ϱ档
ͽиɻһӣҸÿһ졣
½þȥұ˯ˣƻĺãձȥϳȥβ͸ƣʲôҲ󣬻ܺͱ̡
ա
ĿУһ̬·Ȼſϳе£Ҫ֪ƽϳԼһʺ˯Ȼ׼ʱš
˯Ļʺôеܳ
廳Щ鲻ȻצӸʺͬ˻֣ȥǰ
Ŀͱ뿪֪Ӱû˲ߵǰõĴ˲ϢƵ˲֪Ƭϡ
ǱĿ֪һ֪Ũˮ쫷ζȻȷűɽʼһ
ûˣͽЩϵ
࿪ʼƣ棬һһʣһ㹻õķơ
ٶȿ죬µҰһֱڱ䣬һӺչʱߴ¿Ȼı˷򣬾ȵԭ෴ķƶ
צʼſһĻצӾģۿɼһƬʣµһ̬任״
ķŴ棡
ˣˣצӱδ򿪴صʹ
Ƭƣ¾⡣
·Ƕһܽߣ


50 
սʤ
ྤҵҵͣظʮ, ԼĪŲҲ֣ʱĺѾϵٽĺ
ǺЩϤͷ, ѵǶ
û⣬ûбȺõĶˣ˵ô, µİն½, ʹغԤƻķҲᲨֻǳˡ
ŲͣסˣȻ, ôܲȥЩزء
Ķ۷ʼж
еĲܴ, ܶϤʳﶼûˣֻЩ޺ģûģĲĻȥ
Ϊغ˸, ʳԶԶ½Ϸḻ
˸߲һŸĴô˻ʹ, Ȼȥŷ˴ʳġ
ĻʳǺãȴûɫ, ճҲζĺܡ
ʳĸš
ĵõģΪʵڷʢ, ûθҲθڡ
¿ӣǴŪģ
ԼһʺŪϡŹֵĶ, Ҳֲ, ⺣ʳҲƾձǡ
ʵŪġ
ԶĻȫ, 񶫺к, ϻѾϡ
ͬʱ͢ҲнפأŪЩĶǲѵġһԱͽôŷ֪ĸͨ˶ĹϵҲпܵġ
ﶼѾʵ۵ĶȻҲ׷
ҳ͢צ鲼£ֻҪûֲѹ֬ԼƸΪһ㶼һֻ۱һֻۡ
Լ˫ִĲƸôܴѹء
ͷˡڣЩҵҲƽԵҲƽġ
Ȼʹÿһֵʧÿ궼ҪѾû˴ͷĸо
Լӡ
˵ϵ£ǲᵽϷ
û뵽һһϷϳֵ״ڳȻ󲨡ǳȻٹһʵ۵ӣӴС
ЩϳҲᶨţһ϶ܻһ̫ƽֺҲһܲսˡ
Ȼ㲻ʲôһ̬֮ҲͣʲôһЩϳҪ
ǾҲĺԺĳֶȻԷشڱܷ˳һʱ侹ȻЩ֣
һ̶ҷɣеûҽһθģһ֣־ûˣ糪ϷЩ
ûˮҲǵȵԵʣõĳֻǰЩ̲סߡ
˵ƬǱ紵Ǹ״ģҲ޿ֵ̯ܰ
һӾͶסˣ룬Ҫͱվͳһսߣ֪ϤȫϵҲΪ
̯˫һ
ЩУϣڹϣҶٴʵ۶ûƣȴôŰ峯ϸʷǰΪһλʵҪ׷ҹѰ˼ʮ꣬һȺƭӣ󱻵Ĺ߷ʬʱǺڵģʬ壬һѻˡ
Ӧͣңҡ̲ס룬ϣѽһͷͷβٲڻ£ϸǿһԡ
ҪȻѪô
µĶӣ˵ÿιѪβǲǼӾˣ
ǳһ¡
ûвͼѵĶȰʵ۲ҪţΪʲôΪʵ۵ȴҪĳ;
һ
ŹôܽأҪȻڵִӺζ
Խ˵Խѣ֪нҲ񣬵翿ͷתȥŷţ
ƭӺܶ࣬˻ʵۣҪԼ˳һ³ӡ
಻֪˵ʲôСһûأ
ԣЩɸգҪн
࣬Ŀ档
ᶨȭ׷˵Ķԡ
˵ͷ
ֹʮʮ죬ʱʼƲʱ䣬ӦյϢ
ĵڡ
ɢţȴڴΪһϺĬʱ۾˺һ
ʱ浱ֵŻžͽˣɫر任ǼȣǾɣתϲɫ
¡ʤˣˣǣսʤ
˵һһʱ˳
æֱӣָֻ˹̩Ȼģ
ɻʣʲôսʤ
ûд̰ҪȻӦȱǰߣˡ
κ򶼷ֲˣϵĴϲȴֱӸȾһҵա
㵸¿֮Ѿõĺϵˣ
巴Ӧȫĵˣ
غͳ콫һֱ붫ϵĵ˽ֲ£ǰʱĺ²ľߵ·õġ
ʱһȴû˵ֻǺݺݵͷ
һ˲䣬Ǹ˳ᢴչֳ˳ڶʮµ˵Ĳء
رµĻϾľۻᣬСĴȫȥˣͻȻѣɽһߵˣķֱӾͽǸˡôôķҹ̽ȥѲ߲鿴ʱ򣬺ȫȺ˵ľ޴кɣҲӰ
ƹ鱨ۻҪ죬ȻյϢⲻʧ̬ˣæͽʥϡ
Ȼȷʵණ˾ӣÿǣȵʱһֱӱ½һȻﳤȥڵϡ
ҲҪȴڣԶĴ󴬻ڽϤˮԵʿҪȫİգūһһ
ϵȴūͬū˻ܶЩãϵֱѡֻˣԷ˲л·
ڣȴϵһѶˣ
еϲе֣е㾪
䲻ʣغأ
ЩΪƣʹϽҲҪðȥһԣʱʥּòغ񣬺ģеԼ⾭
ֻЦһûѹͲ̫ȥ㡣
ԣ¶ΥЦݣṴ
һŵȴͻȻӣ£ϵ
ϾֻǰѺ˺ϡ
ôϵ˾Ȼú½ز߷ҪϣԼûס˼Ҽſô¡
ɱ飬καҪײҲί
һ鰲οԼֱֱ׳ȻͷУʹǿ
ȵյʱѾиΪϸ㱨ŹٱѲһȦ©֮㣬ϵ˻ţᵽҪ
еĺΪ˱񣬷ֹײϺϵˣûˣȻƣһӣ׼ˡ
͵ҵȵڻûյϢĺԡ


51 

еϢ, ʵҲ
忴ϻﻰⶼǿŷ˳ĸ֣˳ĬطԤĺҼһװ˵ľͰ׼Աʱ֮֡
ľͰľǴ˽л, ӵĹٻûᲹϡ
彫ۿ飬ȷࡣ
ฦһű㿴ʥϣǸҲݼ΢ݼ, ꡭ
ִ̧, ۷˰һǡ
ǰӹۣͷβһ顣
Ϊأ
Ļζͷ, ǵʥƽذ˰֮
ϱߵأʡ
־һ, ͷϣ֪ʲôʱ
ͣסˣϻҰæ¹΢ѧղδܼʱϱ
˶٣, 켣ʮһֱڱ, ԵɣǰͻȻ, ԭվȻλã˶档ȴδϱ
ֿʼ, ʮʮһֱڹ̨, һҲû, һһһС
༸ʮ, Ǵഫ츳ߵ, ҲǱã˵µǻ⼸ÿεĴ¶УòС
ȻгҲ٣Ͼﲻȫռóһȴʵʵʲôй񲻲⡣
ʥϲæԼĲ²⣺һ𣬰ԭȶĹ켣ȫˣã˵һãʹø֣һ³Ϊǹ켣ıĽ
ȡϢƽձѰٻ»ҪϲռĺϢΪǵְǽԤʵ
һͨէඥǰϷ˳ֲƾʧתƵ˶ôһ㷢ʱ䣬Ԥִôɺϵ£·һ𿴣
Ŀƿ£ʱĺûᡣ
ǰ˵к֮£һһôʹַı䣬ֱϲʺҹù𣬿ֱ֮ԺԵĲȷǵʱת
һ뵱ʱʺƵ˼߾ԣı˺ԭĹ켣
ӿ϶ʺ˴ߣټ֮ƵļӳɣδҲ˽͡˵ǰнȹлʺµĸӣɢˣ
ʧԣһȣиǱŷƳ硣
˹ЩʶȷʵĪûˣٵͷʧӰ٣ֻʣಶ׽ӰĲ²ԼԻʺķΡ

Ȼһֲ֪ǺõĸоֺûˣѹֵҲʼһ˿˿룬ͻȻᵽһʡӮ
֪ݵˬѵĿʼתˣԭ϶ĲҶʼ߽⣿
岻ȷЩܣҪ׼ȷϢġ
ֿĿУƽ˿뷨ƽ
˴˳ȥ
ʱĴڳ೤ĺһˣ˫סԼ̧ͷϡ
ãŻһ齴ߡ
ϺȻ˯һͿ࣬Ĵܷﻹһˡ
Ժѹһˣ˱µʶȥױµգ⣬۵
ôˣ
ףԭĺԺȻûˡ
ͷ°
סԼһʺ֣Ħ¶˿˿ҾΡ
򴽣ӡ
໺ΣҸ㲻Ρճ˵Ĵǹ
Ȼ뵽˵ĻʺǴߣǸʺ󿿵ĽǲҲմϵˣ
ʺܳ˴˲׾ôţ岻ɲɫĿ˵㡣
಻֪ԼıȻԼ˽һҲڴĲˣڴиͬ
ɢǱҪôأ
֧Դֱӵʺ޳ȥơ
˷̼пͣĶǸԼϢǼ粻ãǵоֹҲ¶
ͷӦá
˵㽫µλõߵ˷ϣȹԹЪšȻԾȥʣµճһʱ䡣
˷һԵĸ죬ͻȻеˡ
ѾܺĬ۴ϴ£һ֪ʲô
δʱ
ո˵ûøţӾϸȥ
һֶԴΧܴ󣬻ǵ̶Ӿ
Ȼ治ֹһ֣ʯ֮УֻռСͷ
ǣ壬һɫһɫۣվڽϣ·ֻһ۱㲻ٿеľȴôزס
಻ЦԵúִܲŹǣ߽һĵ̡
ƹģϱ𣿡óһӷڵ˵ǰ
ƹݵĽ§ԼУ٣ֶߣֱһͲˡ
Ц̧ͷҪʲô֪ģСҲһϱߵһ̿н顣
˺׼ûǮһ۾жϳ
ͳһӣˡ
ƹ۾Цˣæľֱʵ룬вˮҲЪЪš
ƺһ̾˵λ
಻Լ˴ܵģܾΪֻƸеľţһë
˽ȻЩĵط滹ڵ
ƹҲǶԸ裺ʲôʵģСĶ֪޲޲
ʣϱʲôûУ
ƹĿУ岻Ȼ˾䣺Ϸݣӣе㵣ġ
ˣƹһֵعĵһ£ǲõģСʱ̿أΪֹҲûУȻ̿Ҳ˳ס
ԣйԱ̬ȶܿΡ
ҵҪӴľǹˣϢȻҲͨЩ
ƹֱӡ
̿ʱǱ߲ŸһС꣬ոպðׯһ飬Ҳ˳ҲŸĴһ㶼ͬ
ϱоũһ۾ܿû⣬ûдˣҪȻ̿Ѳɡ
Թ;ͷĺˣݶǸм࣡
ţϲģǾ˺ü˵Ŀڿഫ˼䣬Ŷȼߡ
˵̫ԤںоũҲǲԷһܱȵġ
µ֣ȥ˵˰ɡ
ȥﴽΪַŵá
ĵ롣
أ˶վһࡣ


52 

ֵѾ, һƹ񽫵Ϻõ
ƹΪ׬Ϣӣû뵽к±ϲ£, ̾˽ĺõһóǰλ͡
ʲôöûҪԲ̬ѡ塣
弫Ϊ£ͨͨ͸, ƺһ˲ҪԾİüĴǡɺһĨ, Ʈ֮⡣ҪǣһԵġ
һ飬ࣺ, 塣
ƹע˲Ҫ͸, ֻŸ첲ñ¹䡣
֡
ڷ˶ˣ಻Ⱦ˼ЪԲ˼ë
潫ϵ䣬̧ͷȻˣ۾Ȼ, Ȼ󷽷쿪첲ʾࡣ
Ҳһ°ɡ
ܾ, ǽסһձ¸ոͬϵϵ䡣
忴ƹзŵЦ⡣
ƹȻ, վֱӵʱ˵λֵɷˣСĶ೤ʱûôõֵ, Ժһ
Ϊʲô, Լĺû
üЦЦ, û˵
ȴɤ, ôֵء
վֱ, ǣסԱµ֣Ȼʮָۣʯƹüͷֵܣλҷɣ޸ġ
Լüޣƽװһȣ಻ں޲ýµĵλ½֪
˺ӣ²ܲҪš
Ժ⣬ЩЦŶס֪ǺõƹԣҲ׵Ĺϵ
شĴʵʣ͸¶Ϣȴǲ١
ֻʯƹֻŵλĸá亹ֱ£ٲ˵ʲôֵ֮ġ
ûпǰߴǰʦسŸͷĽࡣɫ۵Ĺȴ׼ˣдԹһһԣ˭ûͨʣνǰռλ
ˣɫ۵Ĺ۾һ۱ǽģܰͷߡ
ɫֻ߳˵Ȼϵҫôزס
ʯƹȻ뵽δ󽫾ʥϹϵȻɫżԹ󣬿ȴû˸๣ɸӻĪҲϣֻЦ
⣬Ǯŵϣӡ
ƹһ߱ø첲ȦסɶѵĽЦ˻ʵʵڵĶ
ûͷߣƹĻѾӡ֤˺ȷʵٵͷˣٶġ
Ȼ˵˾ͷԵĻҲҪúòһʺˡ
಻ԣ̿˵˶䣡
Цһǣ֡
ʹķƵߡ
ڴʱ˵İشһԵĲ¥ﴫ˳˵ǹɽׯׯĽֵ˫˫ڷҶһʱ䣬ṫӱִӻƽȡʥϵĽӣǴԼʲôʱ֪ڽϷ񲣬Цϡ
ⳡϷԳΪմ㣬ȴȸۣλ͹źЦЦ
˵˫һ̯һʣŻͷ¶̬ͯȤˡ
Ȼգ¥ڶʱЦ糱кڶ
౾Ϊǻӣһ㶨ס˽ţǱµˣ£ҪҪȥƣ
ݸǲͬ·ڱʱͷֿˣû뵽ڰ¡
⣬ͷǾͽȥɡ
ȥӱ㱻ֱ¥һżڣ˵ڵλãȤȲ衣
˲㣬ȥ²˵顣
˵Ķǹڽ£ٲΰ룬Щʵʵ˶ֻҡͷ
һڲ˽ԣĶұһġ
ʣô˵
ôˣõʲôмǸ˵ĳ඼в޷Ƕǰġ
ʱɽׯҪٰȺӢᣬӢ۹ͬԺ·ʱһº
һ£õõϢ뷨Ѹٸϵ
һ̱㿴壺£Ҫȥ
ҪոսĻǼ⣬ѪȸһӵĹɽׯׯõ˰ԴúûŵĴ׳磬ڳǺڶñߵֵܣв»̽ķ
˵˵̫˼ˣĿɿڴ̲סȥмҪ˲ţػƳ罭֮˵ƺݹǶ¹⡣
ĽζʱʱϢҲཫֻĽ
аԹɽׯΪףżɢѧҡ
аһͳƣҲһɣΪѪ̣߲룬书ǿ߲룬ϸ񣬳һһ˵ҲǺѣײ¶ݣ԰档ʣ»ɢˣа书ߵҲǲβ롣
ݶʱھ͸ɽׯ˽ɼס
ࣺ˲ô࣬ԺôձҲǺõġ
ûоܾҪһһȥǾȥˣǽʱǰˡ
ϣºͳ
۾ˣʵҵ书ڽʲô̶ȣ
𣺡еĸ֡
Ļеģѧҵ书һɽׯжȲϴϴ˯ˡ
һ磬ֱɫŻ˻ʹ
ȻûˣͿʼˣķũҵϡһӽô͢µĵ˿ɲֹһ㣬һҪľʲôѪףȻɱΧˣɴȥ
ųƲϢʼϳʱ䣬ӹǣʧʮҲΪ档
࣬Ҳȥ˽ȷʱһʧ
ºһƽƽ̶ӴӾǳǰ׼ȺӢĹɽׯ
ǰͷڣһ
ֺáһ˵
һ˵Ӧ£Ҳð
塣
Цۣɫȥһ·ֵһҪЩƥȥá
һǹĻɫÿĲƥרŴӾǲƥµͼģΪľҪȺӢȥһ
ƲһۣǰĶһѻˣû£ֻֻʣ㲼ƥһЩֵܣҲҪӢ۵ĵطҸ·
Цŵͷˡ
˶˻ȷݣȴʱʱ̹̿ע
ֱ˾ǣܳ˲ƥǡֵܡԿǰǸ壬Яȫ


53 V
»
ɽׯ뾩ǲǺԶ, ֻ跭ԽɽҲҪҰҹ
ٽʱ򣬳ͣ, ŵ⿪ʼȼཫë̺˳ŵ£ְС¯ӣ¿
Ұζָ࣬߳, һ˳ȥ, һʹ˺üֻҰ˳㻹һͷ˴ҰҲ˻, νǴա
˹ëͶպõĴ
һȺ˷ֹȷЧߣһ, 򿾻ˣð͵ģƮǵģɢ
һڣȻҲĸ, 峴һҰ, ˬ塣
ϷϷģ, һȡ
ʱɫãɢŵĹԡ
δı˽, ҶĲ, ǹĿĳ, ȺС
ǵǸͨ, һ·ϼ䵱, żΪĬԡ
ཫľ¯ӵ£ͻȻһ㶣Ťͷ£壬Ѫ
Ȼףֱӽ֡
ɨΧӼžֻᴵҶУϸŵĻԲеѪζ
ಹѪζǳŨء
ʣҰζԶԶɢζ޵ģʮԡ
סȥ
áǰѱ
ҹ˼˻Ӿ˿£û˵ľ;ʡ
Ҳõĵƽ￴ҳ˿֪Ѫķ
ʾǾѪζĵطȥ
⻹ûгܵ״ˡ
·֦ͻȻ䣬İֱֱϮ廹ûʲôʶ˻ȥ
˵ϣͷСƫɫĺӣͷˣСǰ˵ŶҺմȾҰϡ
Եžʹȴû
࿴˱һۣ㾶ֱǰߣոһģһİִӰ˳ĲӴ
УⰵҪȻǿ׼ݣɢ
ûᵶͽ˹ȥ˸գ˺ľһ֦ϵҶ֮һľ֡
ʹ书ߣǻİ¡
ƫƫϵֻ࣬治̫Уû±Ƚˬ졣
˰ʹǸһŵǴһЩ˷ܵζ
һֻ˴·ڶλץץ˭
Ķһ¾ʹİĺҲˣǸոڰˣһƱɫĽ£һӰޡ
һϳȥ
˼Ȼ;޿ܴƣŴ󵶾ȥѹԷޣҲ֪ô޵ҲѹȥһȣȻǻӵСͯڸ˴ˣ
СͯǸˣȹװȹڴҲԡ
ܿ϶ǸӣСֻŮװ
ֹ֡
±ȤֱóеҰ򷨣ݺݴԴϣǸκĵȴ־˵ȡ
ȻĻƹϵĶ£ԲУҶ㣬֪ĸӣֱֱֻĳһξ󵹵ء
ʱѾƹ򶷵ѪŨصĵطȥ
ƲӲݣһС··һʬ塣
ɫ糣ûڱǣȥ鿴
еǱһ˿ڻԴϻڲϣѪҺȾϴƬ½󣬵Ҳɱ˵졣
еȴǱŰɱϱ޺أó򶷺ۼ۾Ĵģ벻ŵıԾɹϡ
ԭΪǱ»Щӽ£ȴĿŵģƲɱ
Ҫ˵ɱԽȴֲǸӣصļʮѹĻﻹúõͣֻеĲ෭ڵأҲѹŬҲվ
뵽Ѫ̵սҪˣҲ֪ǵש
һɹ˳ȥѪ̵Ҳͳɹһ롣
ȫѪζŭзڣҲ
Ƿһ˿ЦȴǣԼʡ£Ѫһˣһ롣
ɨһصǽ壺ô죿
壺ͨҹٸȫѪСոˣ͵ظɱ
Ĺٸѹס֣Ҳ¶ˣ徻
ֻݲڲ֪ɽͷǱ
ͷͬźţƬ̺ͨʹ¸ϵ
ͨͷӡ
ཫԸȥͨɨβ²ꡣ
ͬ飬ñ²ĵ¡
˻˳Ӵˮ򵥽ϴϴ
ĸ첲ɻֱһ£ôôȣ
𣿡ɻ
ͷϺůˡ
ûоֻھͷ㣬㲻ʶûС
ˣܾסžȺġ
˵ȻҲأʱȷʵһһˡ
ϢʲôҲûɣֻҹʱٴ߾ۣԴ˯
ڶʱѵ룬䣬ֻ¶ƺǱˡ
ȴоֻԼˬˣһ϶˻ڼճ
ڶ·ʱһ紾ӵС˽ջúЪЪš
ҲҪȥСϵĴ
ĴǸˣҽﻹҪʱʱҩ̵ĸףϸĹͷҽô꣬ҲһζûаѴץҩ
౻ŵҩ̣Թ˴
ûʲô£Ļ̫࣬ȵˮҪôƲһۣô⣬ȽⶾľͿˡ
޹壬ı±һ¹ѣߣҩҲҪˡ
ʵе㶪ˡ
˿ջƤЦ°Ƚⶾҩûá
أԿϧ
嶪ϺȲ裬Խһţࣺð
˵վ룺롣
ྐྵҲӦˣϴ󵶾͵ߵ߸壬žǼΪ⡣
ҹСУĸʹ죬ҲʱͱŻˡ
һƬû˵Ŀյأʹ
ߣ䲻ܴһ⧲࣬Ϊ󿪴ϵɾҲб̶Ҳ
һ˼лƾеģ
岻͸ûʱ
صײһ𷢳ϵ߶˲ϳ֣˫½Ƕû
ǹǿظǿ
ԽսԽ£ĺӶͷ䡣
ͱ»ˮЧ


54 

˴ĺ, 繳ҹƺŸһ˸ƽ֡
õ֧ŵأþûдôˬ, ȥֻ÷̥ƴȫȥսһ·ɾ໥ʩҪƯ
ʱ򵥵ߣɽʯӦ, ȴȫÿһɵļ, ƤѪеѪҺڼȣڽ
򴽣鷢΢, ۾Цſ, ˮɫ͸űɫ顣
ߡ
ǱӴݣȻǻпԾֱͦչ, ̬, ƺʱ̶׼һƴ
ʥϴǴµġ
ƤЦҿ
񵭵ȴ͸ŽֽԼһʺɳѸ, ֻѹס
ûͣžҪؿջ, ȵļڶ
ѧղ, ĬĬ˹ȥ, ¶Ҫպúٲһ, вĴ, ϳսǾǵķݡ
µļһ࣬翸˸һ㡣
أܷΧ֮ڣǲ񣬵Ҳɵĺܡ
һ߶ű£Ż壬ҲӸտʼ
ƬվֱӣҪȷ˺ðٱľܿ»ˡ
ȻصջѾɢ̬˭Ҳ˸ովôʱıԣԺĵز
ǵ·Ѿʪɢ΢΢ŤĹζȽ˿ջӿŲˮݡ
סһڣޣÿջһϷԡĵطŵطɫ£ҲɱЩխ仰˵ݲһϴ
ԡʱſһ֮ϡ
ǻˮⷺ죬ɹһʶˡ̽̽ԼĶͷе̡
Ƿ˵
Ц
ôǿ׳ǿ׳ҲմȾϷ˵ļ
վȥõľױ̨ͭͷһ·ȣľƴӵķ϶ߵʱһҲṳ̂
ʶԱ֤ѣĨԣ
࿴ͭԼģȱ롣
ΪʱƤŵķۣ۾һһڿʲôеĽɫƯӿŲ֪Ľꡣ
ǳ״
ַԼߣһȴȻӦһ
ôҪָף
౻Ȼǣѹ¹ҵǼֵǧצָףɽӾǺöǮǮԼϲȫġʶף⿴£ϰ߲ȥֶ
ɻţⲻ֪˫Ҳӹҡ˿
ཫͭϣ΢΢죬߲ͣƶ䵽ϡ
ſȸֻߴ˺üȣɫѤеġ
ůԾŵԼǸ´µӰ
סˣȻէ뵽ڴѧ͸͸ҪεȥԼ뿴ġ
Ķ

ôˣӦ̹̹£޳ܣȻԥˣ
ĲǿңеȱСƺСɽƵĻɫϣȻһŽ߷ɣŬſһͷԵĴԡ
ǣԱ
ԴƲȥֱ㶶ŵذ壬ٿһֱȵҲδͨԼˣͷݵ
ϵƣˮʪ½Ǿᣬȴо塣
ϴȾ˯⣬ﺬȥϴɣϻһͰûùˮ
ͷûˣΪʲôڵıƺɿˣֱӿڳĵز
޹غۣǻ˵ǡ
һͷΪʲô뵱һķˣ
಻ɫһºᣬվ͵Ӧһȴû뵽дţܻƿһ
һͷƤ飬һˡŷµС˼⧲¶׵ס
űµӦһֱܺĶϴһ
ͣܲͬ졣
ڷţƺһ˲һ
ŬͬͬţȴһԳǱҴߵ棬ˮѸٳԡͰ˷ֲ嶯
ʱȥ࣬ûƽδ󽫾أҲûʱʱ̵̿ࡣ
ڽʲô˷ʲô
ԡͰأ߳ܣ֪ˮǱ¸ոùģٶ˼һɲǡ¸ոһˮһΣҲǲݲݳϴһΡ
±࣬һô
ãⲻеϧ
ԴˮϴԼղԴ
ôͿҲ̫ԾȻԱ£Ҳǰġ
ȴǳ˳պ޲ý۾ϣƽڿƷΧȴڽձ޷Ŵ󣬸һȻҵĸо
ҹķȴջڲϼ¶
֣ǵһۿµĸоȴֶ˲˼
ԡͰƺɢڱµһһ½һˮ
Ǽðȵġ
òѹסǧ˼ԼϴɾһŴһˮ˳ȥ
ʱڴϣ޹һڴŲͷĲ΢΢˷΢ŵĿڣϵҲԼСĻԳ˼Բ
ָ߽ⶼ̵ģҸͷ
ûвԾ˳ȻݹȥȻ˸λһɣɢ
۾ŨûЦ⣬΢΢ǵһȦɫĹá
ϸӽµͷɣ֣Լ
ͷ֪ʱѾԼˣܸ
Ȧס֫ԴϣļҲ۵˻
⣬̧Դһڡ
ǲһѣҪȥ˯
Ͼ⼸ǼΪĹ˭Ҳû˭
ȼСҪȥϣȴ໳ת˰ȦĿԡ
循۾
ɫˣ
𾪼ˣ¾ָڵ˫۴Ҳ͵ÿƺҪ̽ϸ
໹֪ʲôʶҪ۶ܱµĲ鿴ǰ̽Դ뱣žˣպ⼹ݺҵ˴ϣ
סҪٴס˫֣Ư
ֶסˣ˫ƽŴˮ궯壬ƫƫɫȴִҪ𰸣ʲôɫģ
˵Ǽ٣Ͼõˣһǰοء
ԻǺɫĺãҶһġ
٣ͣƽһ
಻׺ƽһôƯʱȴȥ촽
ᣲ֪ʲôʱˣڵҲȻһˣҹĹڡ
ա
컹δʱһ˿ȻƤȷ˫ָֻŨīĺɫʱ£ֳ˯ȥ
ԼһʺŽɫñҲ
ǽٲȥҪԵװϹˡ
峿ܹһͽһúúĿֱˡ
ԴЦûˬ¾꣬»ûѣϵ໹Ժźȥ
ջڵͨʰƬ̺װĳӾһˡ
ڣСĵؽҩͿĨڱµƤϣȥЩĺۣҹĺң˺óʱ䡣
¾ǻһֱĿꡣ
Ҳȴ˻
ϾҪȽⶾ
Լӣȷ룬ⲻǴڴеķڰɡ
û˽̹Щڻ׶Σ˽ķ޵ģڴڼ䶼̫侲
ҹ÷ϣ齹굫һڱǰֱ˱ġ
úù۲һʱ
ʱ˹ƽȣʱʶѾ·ˡҪһˮٶȼžͺˡ
æһ
ȴôҲ࣬ϸȥʹ۾ˮ쳣̵ͦĽëҲƻ˵һڶ
ůǸ¶ȴֲúȵĵز
ͣȤڲٿࡣ
ҴҺˮ̾ͽͷ˯ȥ
Σ˺ƽȺСԴ͸͸
ǳֻվ͵˹ɽׯǰճ̡
ɽׯȻɽׯȴڹƳڣһռؼĸۡһ˼ҡ
ӳ͢ǶȿⲻһЩǮЩصԱ֮ңҲǸڡ
ǴӽǶȿѧңûвո߳Ʒ¸нģ̸ׯͻᾴηĴڡ
ɽׯֱȡ˹Ƴе֣ʶо򵥣Ǹطйϵڻš
õԲر˶Ŀ
ڹɽׯׯҶ壬˴ȺӢһֲٰģĶӣɽׯׯڽõˣҲǽТӣѪȵ
ڣЩֵܽþͱú
ֱӾ͵˹ƳڵһլԺڣŵ׼ģסˡ
׼׵Ա߾ЪŵĲ¥֪Ϣٶֻ첻
һа׵һͬϽ֣Ǵǣһɫһɫ
Ƴǽ߶Ķ࣬Ƕۣڽ˶£ҲԵöлǮ
йһڣֱǲ˳Ҫ͵Ǯ
۾ôţڶԷоٶʱԷצĳȥ°ڶû˼ʧʱҲ˳һĿȥ
ע⵽Եǰĺӣһǿ׳ˡ
ڹƳǣӵһȥ
Ϊ͵̫཭ְۼݱɱ͵ǮǸû£סǮƣá
͵һͻᱻ񻯣˵ǻƽʧ֣ǿ͵ĽӶһδ̳
͵ӵ˲٣ҪȻɽׯׯûƽܻôֽкá
һ㣬һСڡ
ཫǮ⻻ͭ壬ϣҪһɫˣ
СӦһһˣ͹Եȣлһݣ
ʱ磬˶ʱ
ʱ߽󺺣˵ʲô
ԭ֪˵ʲôٸѪ̣ɳ̶ʲôģ¾͸Ȥ֧˶䡣
ɱɳֽٸ˭ôһ𣬲鷳ĸٸϹϵ
ҾòС֣ɳȻǸٮٮߣôҲױɱվѪ̡
ҷɱɳǸӢۣĸҵϹ
Ӧˬɳɱ˶ˣһӣڶûвŮĶã
Ĵ˺üΪ
Աһ˴󺺵ĻҲ̸֪·ӢۣƳǶˣûȥ졣
ϵһǺúѪ̰ɣ֮飬˭ҲԸ鷳ǡ
ǣѪһ´ӼҲҪɱɱ
Уţ
ͷɫĪ塣
һСģƺˡ
л˵
лСʹ 21ƿӪҺ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


55 

˼·, Щ˵ɱʹ޵ӦǸɳѪˣڽӦСܱѪ̻, ǽеλӦòǳΪΪ˽Ѫ̶ɱˣӦñɱԡ
̹Ȼ, ɱ˳, ںӱ߾͵õȥ׼
൹˱Ƴ˳ŵľ㣬û, ǸҲһ壬ơ
Ŀб, ԶƱһڲŷ¡
ھȺӢỹʮҵʱ䣬ƳǾᵶģýģʽı˿ۻ, ϶, 彫լôֳԳ˼޺
˼򵥳һȥ, ƳǼȻΪۼأ˹ׯ, Ȼһ
ͨԽ˵н߳ǴӹƳ, ڹƳǵ˽, ԱƳǵ, С, ÿĳޡ
˳һСƬǴģҲиߵ֣֮ܰڳ۵ĶᱻΪһȣڰĴʦĲŻᱻƳ絽¡
˶üأֹ߽˵õ
һ˲ףȻҪȥʲôͬ졣
Ƭ̺Ǿͳ˹Ƴǵϴ֣ȷǴСΧҪ֡
ֵͬʱҲ٣ֵĶ⻹Ǹһ֡
ΧѾ̸ֲ֣£ľֻܴһܣҲֻ˵ѧղҲͬ顣
ձܿһۺף˵ֵҪǮ̯ȻϣⲻҳȻȻ˭
࿴Ŀɿڴܴƽˣܸһ˭˭
ʱ島˳ӣʾԶ̿
Զһ̣ѿһĲҵΧЩС̯̼һ붼ԶΪΪ©©ֵάС̯ˡ
ʱԶǰվżˣдµϤݡ
Ŀݻߴűɫ·Ϊ֡
ֵܱģ롣
ݴʱʢĺӣƮƮѹƤ˷ֳĸо
Ϊ䱩¶׳˶ⶼ˲СʱһӵӦ̵˼һ
ݶŵĺһɨľϻʶڹƳĴʦ
кͳʵ޻ˡ
˴񣬴ֻҪӵкʵͿһ̨ס
Ǿôվţûжûпܿ
䵽ϵĿ̫̫ǿңڵΧɨһȦֱ˻˵ʱ͵öס
¶ŵ飬㵵۾ԶϤİôῴǷʥδ󽫾
벻ף뽫Ӧھ˳ᢣµֻ̣Ϣ
һˣŵƽ
ݶʱЩ꣬¶ˣΧѪ̣ɹ˹˭
࿴ݷǺüһ¶Цݡ
ڹƳǽˮŸ˼
ݴתԴδ󽫾ʱЦھӪʱ䲻¼ȴ˸ʮʮʲôʲôԹӣԼʥϵĹϵơ
ִ£õһνЦֱȱԹӻѡ
װϻͱͱĸ첲ɫ糣֣Ҹʽ
ʥϳֵܣݵǰ;Ȼ
ʱҲԶ̼ҹӵĺѣ̾͹Цݣδ͵йʲôѣˣҵǵúúüˡ
ݳһĨЦЩѵسʥνգգ۾ʾ⣬Ŵȥ
˸һ棬վһ㡣
֮ߣ΢΢ۣ̩Ȼмֲദ
³һԾؾԱΪƳܵλɽׯׯ
һȣԵüΪÿ͡
ݵѣֱӻСǫʲôׯǽúģλ⡣
λǵһɣҪʲôѴֱӱҵžУеʶĿת˿ŽΪ˵ϣű֤
Цƴǣô˼ء
˾ܾ˵ʲô뻰ݵѾѣѼæʲô⣬˵߽ʶҲҪε
δλƳʲôµģΪҺ˼簲ϡ
˫ؿ塣
Ц벻˼
ʼߣ˵ҪٰȺӢᣬʱַǷҲմմ⣬һҪѹĲƥȥòãǾôӢ۵Ҫ档
Ȼ¾˵˵ҪҪҾͳɡ
ࣺһ
˸˼ո죬ཫԵ˵׺Ҫ뿪
ݻҪȥҸͻȥиˡȭ
Ǳȭų˫ɢȥ
ݸճϴҪֱӻعɽׯʱʲôƵͣ£һ֪λš
赭дȥ˲ʲôʿ̾˵أûʲôţֻΡ
ݼΪأΪŷǹĪ֮ͨҲʣֻǸ̾ԭֵܡ
֮ĵһǳĺۼǳϸ˼벻ˡ
һߡ
ߺżϴתһȦȻҲ˽˿νϳ˵
ȻܸȣϾǰֻùεǰǰһλµĴʦͣһңŵؼա
ҵı٣Ʒʵһӣɴڸſű
˵ʵЩʧһ
ıԼѰģ֪ʲʲô
գһ˺š
ֱӵİ취ӣǽ˵Ĭ
ཫӵݸǰСͯСͯһ飬ǶѸٽӴھصؽ˴˽ȥ
ǣǰ棬һ̾ٵȻҲһ¡

λЦøշһƽ׽ˣնյļиֻԼĪ塣
һ۾˲ˣֺðи޲ھȥ˺ʳ
ȥ˵ȥ˵λҪʲôֻҪǮһʺ϶λǲϰ֮һ۾ܿëͷС۾
ƣңڸ֮ͬʱҲھľȥÿһ
ǴģֻбԹ۸ߣûбԹõġ
ӣУҲнһӶѰ۾ֱˡ
ఴסӶѳɵСɽǺԼʳΪЩӾˡ
棬ƫƫɫ޿κΡ
ǴġĹĵֱ֣ǽӹâ۾
ཫǰһƣ͵ΪٿеǶΡ
һ⻰ûԥӵ۾Ҳһ̶ûƣǣ¾ȴ֮ˡ
Ц˽ӣСͯÿʳ׳һݸ࣬˸ϵһȫ˵
΢Ц֮£ϴ
ı
֮ضĹ̡
һԼļ⣬չͨú´һصӳ֡
ҪԼϣгҲӦ

ϣͨٳʱơǹɽׯȺӢ볡ƾ֤
ͨݴġ
ͷ֪γȫһͷ֣ܵȻҲû֪ͨݡ
ͨ˵ԭƻ¡
ͨĬӦ¡
һϿ֪ʶཫ£ֱʵµԭƻʲô
ƽ£ȻҲͲ֪
ԼࣺȺӢʱѪɽׯɹٱѹڹٱʡˣֱǴˡ
ͷɰܾϣܷѪ̽ͽɽׯ
ࣺǽײе˽Ƴ𡣡
ײУһҲԼΣճ̶ȡ
ҲһöСġ
ȻճӾ˻լڡ
Ҫ֪լӼֱС԰֣ĵطþɵĵطɣʲôҲһӦȫҴҲ󣬾Ҳʩչ
⼸죬ܲžͲţҲӽڸˡ
Ƶ˵Ϸ׺΢վڱǰҲʲôԵĳ̶ȣϣйٱŵ󣬳ӾͷѪҪʱѹס
ڼ䣬ȻҲĲеɫε˫ҲʶѾ֣ǰ˵ĻǺˡ
ôܺأʶǶƽ
ϲ²ְ֮ôôʬ̬
һʧҲʶһ֮󣬲Ȼʧ顣
֮ܺгլƽȴӿȷѪꡣ
Ľ˺ܹԣܲջͲջܺסһ;
ƳѾװµĹԱЩľˣɿѽӹϵĻ¹٣һȺǣɷۣ֪ԼǸЩͷĲ֮ͽ
ͽͽһ˹ڱ֤ʺĵͬʱûк֮ǡ
լϣ彫͹żѹϾûٹܡ
Щ̫˵ģĻ²Ϳ̽Ⱥ̫Ͳġ
ٽȺӢᣬʹôɱҲû뿪ƳǣڴԹɽׯΪ׵ú֯˴һѪ̵
ͬʱôЩɱҲ׵ȼǵķŭƽ޹ڹƳǱɱǽȵŵ£
Ҫһ˵
£ڴȺӢܿ͵ˡ
ȺӢᵱ죬Ƴһ㣬̷Ҳ˼ɴ࣬˾һɽׯķϡ
˭Ҳûע⵽һӹٱڻǲɢЩ޹̷ʹͷҲҪ˸ߡ
һŵ˿ٱӵҡҡͷ£ڰڸС̯ڽ׬ǮҲҪȡһݡ
ۼ̯òٱҪֻɫҰ˱ĵطȻɽׯԶͷռ֣ɷ߶ǰ˹ԱһѾܡ
ûڱĵطôŵˣ
ϵĹٱɵۣվݺáһ䣬ԶҲ׷ͷð麹ƾҵҵթС̯
ǾڹٸԣڽҪ峡в©һ˾õӴʹúý̵
СɾЦ


56 
Ҫ
Ϲɢ, ̫ҲЩ΢Ҫס
ʱɽׯΧ, Ƶ룬ܽȥҲ͵ɢϯϡ
ſžӭһһúţˬ, ˭Ҳܻ϶Է, ֵܡ
һʱΧַǷձеļΪϲ죬̸۽յʢʢ޹ɽׯҵ嵣
ԾɴĲ, ϵİȴϸµĽľ
ûоκˣĬĬ˹ɽׯ, ĬĬ˽䡣
ֱߵľ۲Χ
ע⵽ͷĽ˶ҶݻһһȺ˾һγһС, վ, źѲĻ
ûʸ۵ؿȺˣǵʶһ, ϶йˡ
ջĿ⣬ÿɷ
ʱ, ԽԽ, ҵԺӴ, ô, ȻѾ˼˵, ֻĽΪ̫ƫƧûб
һӣһչࡣ
Ϸʵ¥˵ļ˽նˣܶϼ
һ㶣治ȥԡ
һһ˵ĹۣڳһһڵʱǲֵڵװöԵĺܡ
彫ȱϣˣֵ׳꣬򲻻̬ӡ
˵ţһڵƺʲôתСͷģӳ
죬ƫƫʱһڣֵǱߣǴΪڵһ
廰ʳָָʱΧǾһȦˣͬ䣬ڽҲǺ֮һ֡
ùģոССΪһ£ǿܣǱ˶ڽ˵Ļͷ
˵ͷ˵Ķԡ
࿴ȥ¶һڴЦ
ֳǰ˫ǺԣûҪΣ
ҹ۶֪λֵǣ
һۣԵ
ࡣ
塣
˫ȱţȻûƾܣǵּʹ˱ˣҲδزµó˭˵һһ̹
˫־ȻȻ
̸Ȳʶѷոշ¡
ߵֱûҸոմǡɿ˹ٱС̷ԭ֪𣬾ȻҪӣӾͲð̯Ƴµǻ͸ˣٸҲΪ
ޣ
һɽׯĲ裬ģҲ£üʼĬĬǴݲ衣
Ҫ֪ɽׯƳׯȥģ඼Ǯģ˵ǮҲɰôŪˡ
һ˫˵ըëٸһǺõģ
һĹٸôܲ
ֱǺ
˫ñӳһ˵ٱթ˻ʲôõģ
ʵۻ˼һѹ಻ÿɫ׹˵Ķԡ
˫¶ɪԾһӾ˵ĹϵС壬ϲԼ֪¡
ѪɳӢ۸ɴɱˣ˹٣˵ѪѰˣ˵ҪΪɳҵӢۣûֽĴ˵ҾǸĬĬţĽˣֻҪ
˫¶ΪǽѹһĬ
˵ѪҲҪȺӢƣ
˫ֱӸ̾ҪӢܵѪȺ
˭֪أûͣ˲ǷҲǿܡ
˵Իδ˵ìɳ书óʹðܻɱɳ书ôҲӦѪ̲Ŷԡ
˫ָͷ¶ôҲ벻ס
һԵ붢һݣ˫ӡ
ϵͷֽƣԺڼˣҶҲ߳žƱ˵ո·ӢۺһãӦɽׯȺӢ֮Լʵĳ֮ҡ
ʹѪ̵ķ˰ĶУ壬ά˸·Ӣۺܣ˺ü䣬ڽ䵽ϡ
˫ׯÆ¡
䶯˶Ը߿
ҶʱһҲ˴ȺӢҶ֣Ϊľǲаħ»ǵӵǣ
һ䣬¾վׯҾ㣡
һ˴ͷ˷׷վžƱׯһӾͼ
ҶֽѹѹȻ»Ҫĳ·Ӣۺúһ
δ䣬ͻһ̼׼ϮҶ֡
ҶһеľƱӦ䣬žһˤڵϣһأƱ˺һͣ¡
ŵǵδ䵽ʯשϵѪӡ
Ҷ͵ÿ֣һɼǵ˿ڣ˿ڴڣζ
㣡ߺˣҶĿѣͺ졣
ӦĬĬ磬ʹĵطһҲûֳ
һ¸ո߳˷׷׿첽˳ҶΧ
Ժ˶Լϣ迴Χʱܱ
˫״һһ¾Ͱˣ촽֣֣Ҳ书
ģմ֡
ԶԼ˫ٴγĬǣƺլ
ѾʼΧѰûгֵսַڳϡеȣʱ۵һɵвҲδ֪ġ
ż֡
顪顪
⧲𣬽űʯ𣬸ոջǽ汻һɳڿڵ˴󲿷ߡ
ɢȥһдźѵЦݶӾվǸһԺӵ֮ʿ
ͷһƣƤ׵ֽ촽ȴ޵ģ͸Źϲãһ׽ĺϷ
ڳһӵװɫѿѪ̣
ɥӯ
˫ըòҰܵԺǽ૵֮ôѪҲУ
࿴˫ʣʲô
ǻҩǽԺǽը֮ǰ׼žɰ汾ԭΪѾȫյ֣û뵽Ѫ̾ȻҲȥ
˼鷳
˫ЩżȻžܽԺǽը˸ȥҲը࣡
弸ûԥࣺ࣬Ҫ
ĶΪʵ绹еģ˵սϣƽըʲôӲ֮Ҳġ
ȥͷҪѪ̵ģȻһֳǰ׼Ҷܸôཱི˵ûС
Ӧ£á
˫û˵кЦ˲ʮΡ
ȴӣѪȡⲻ쿪
ڳȻ˽ƣõѪˡ
Ҷлһ̹̹б仯쳤˳ǰݺݿѪͷˡ
ѪͷٴֵʱȻһõƬƳɵޣ޻ڵϣƬһʯĺۼ
ôˣ㲻ΪǾô˰ɣ
ЦĲ̬ȻűѪͽ
չչЩѣƺǸ¥ȻĿͽ


57 

Ѫɭ, ٣һС͢Ľͽտ, ¶ǹƵģָĴġ
ǰ¥ȻҲֻһͷĿˣĽΪֹû
ϤѪ̱ȺΪֵҪʤһ
к޲ǰôһϷ
ųϷҪȤ
¥Ȼϵƣһȥ, Ƥ, Ƭ⣬ֱҪĥˡһ׷Ϊλ
ɱ˲ͷ, ȴŰɱ
಻СͷĿĶ˳, һȥܹб¸ƺܹҲܻס¡
˫вõԤƣС°һһ˫ŷƽ, ҪСȥ, ȥģèĹֻеӵ
ûСŵı, һƵĳ, ˫ھ, Աһˡ
Ѫ, , ҩҪǮ
˫һӦסԴ, εըӵĵط߸ʯͷһһߣɳ˫ͷǵţ·Ҳ˱ɫ
ɳٽȴ򿪣໹ûӦʱ骷˶ԷԴȻһӵס˹ϸ
ס˵Դ
ʱĹ߲ģû¶ʲôâɫǳɫעࡣ
Ϊ⡣
סˣ౻ģҲҴӱʾͷıŶ˴ء
ǻסԴСࡣ
ԱҪʲôηвУȥ
ڵĿˮֳ侲һĸڱ·ϡ
Ȼҳ䵽棬ֻҪһͿԲⱡһҳȫȥ
ҩըĵطжξ룬ɵɳʯձСûʲôʯž䵽ϣ滹ģ
ֻǷ紵ϸ޲䵽ϣ쳣ġ
ջȣվֱӣ俴ϵĳҲչչѱأվǡ
űչ·ĶҳһӦɨȥֽ˻ָǸΪı¡
ӽĳʱ߱һ壬һ
Ҳʲôϣ͵ȥ塣
ʱ˫ԾſţǿƤȴžȲҲãҪ
˫Ŭ˵Լİñ˫ۣһſڵϣŬαװһԵˡ
һը첢ǽҶ۾ƵСŴ˷ըһһ¡¡ڶ
ǽɽׯΧˡ
Ҷɫѣս˹ӣ߾Ƴ˷ҪĻǰ¥ȻΪ׵ѪͽΧ֮ʿҲŽסڱ
ʱǸϵߣóһѴ󵶡
⵶ҪЩխЩΪ
ҩɢŨǺǣȻһ󼲷紵ɢڳ˵Ҳż죬ƽ˼¡
ɳɢȥԴԴϴŴѪ̱ǵ·γһΧȦĳһţὣĳһţľŸʽĻɵİӡ
ɨһȦûǸֵͷͷͷЩֿɰĻ
ѪԾ¥ȻΪףһЦ֮޳鶯žһ£˿һ˵ľϡ
ľʱķѣȴֻǷеķâһ𶼲
ѽѽѪҲҪٰ˴ᣬǵĿ¾ɽׯһߣ
¥Ȼûҧгݣǹа
·Ƕӵ֪竡
¥Ȼһ䣬Ľͽ;Ÿ첲Ӧͣɱɱɱ
ҶݺһʲôҲҹɽׯĵϽòˣ
Ͼĵ̣ô˶ΪҪһѪ̡
Թ˵Ķûк³˵ôˣôȻ
ҶһڣߵǾǺá
¥ȻǸˣЦҶˣǿһȺϣ޵ֻ֣ͣڰС
һ˵߶¥Ȼϡ
ƺ˳ᢣϵĿС
¥Ȼ͵һڣźš
ȻγɰΧȦѪͽǳȦһǰ棬һĽͽŶ̼Ҫ
Ϊ׵¥Ȼû£˻޳ȥĿȷҶ塣
һսѾ죬æ壬ȥǸͷͷ̫}ˡ
ͷֻսǵ˵Ȼˡ
ͽ˽ŽֻõʱͿɽ֮һ򾡣Ҳͱܿˣ֪Ȳ衣
ͷȲһԵĳʣ¥Ȼͳȥ
ĿȷľǶԷ
̫Էһ۶ġ
ʲôãǵõƬƳɵޣһ˭
ҶսӣƿҪǰһҲ¥Ȼ
һ˲䣬ܿ޶ʹúĹ
Ϊɽׯׯѹôʿɧô
˵ʹҶ嶼Էһûⷽ泬ѹķͷ
ֶԾΧ˷׷յر
˭Ҳû뵽¥ȻѾӳޣҶҲһҪһоͻжԷҪ֮ʱһӾֱ˹
ôխխģŵĳʡ
ƽƽ棬ϸҾôˣԽԽҪ¥Ȼ
¥Ȼڼ书ǿҪȻҲһȴֻܿʾֱȴʲôˡ
⣬ôܣ
亹̲˶ͷͫһı飬ͱͨµĳʸ˳ȥ
ͬʱҶ˿ûҲϮ¥Ȼĸ
¥Ȼеޱ֣ȴΪ˵ʶԱʣҶȴС
˵书Ҷ廹ߣ
˭
¥Ȼȴûʳڣҵϣȥ
ҶʱҲͻȻ͵ջعӣŴҴҲһ¥Ȼģȥոճӷɳķ
һֵӡ
ƺϵмմ֣ȴһ
Ҷྪһ£ϵȫȻƽˣһָ߸̲סơ
һڶļơ
Ҷȴҽ˿ͷ࣬ҲٿӾִҴȥ֮ˡ
¥ȻɵˣѪͽһƳеڷЦǲ֪ʲô
Լ˵ĵȴӼѪеԣΪ¥ȻһˣѪ̸߲ͻճһȱ
֮Ҳ߾֮
һбɢϾ¥Ȼϣһһ
תȥ壬ɾͲӰ
ĵص˻ʱһſǽͷѪͽ׼һͣسֻ׼ͷУվŵӣԷҲա
סɹĶ̼һ־͸˻ȥͷѪͽļƺһͱȴǽͷ
ʱҲ̤滺ĽŲ˹
ŵǱӵ汻˵ѪͷҲһ㣬һƳͷ
༱æ¿һ飬ûʲô˿ڲŷ
ѿڶȥʲôˣ
̬⣺ǲĽˡ
ֻҪ
ѶôĽԻ᣿
ЦãҪսԼȴ̲ס


58 
ֻ֪ģ
²ʣѪ̽, ʲôģĻ
Ѫ̽ڽһֱǸصĴڣֻ, ѪҪڹƳΧ֮ˣ㳲£Ҳû
ǲڰйµ˳
һҲûͷܴļơ
ҲΪ, Ѫ̽ң, ӰӶûţν˴ܡ
ش⣺ϵĸѪⶼŵ, ҲϵĲӣһѹͷ, 书ȴĶɾˣѲ
¶˵ѲǾ书ǿϸк֡
´λˣȥ, ķ
ĿӦǷƽ, ¹
οѪ̽Ͳã䵽̻, רɱˣ, ͳϹˡ
ģ, Ʒ, ƾʲôµĶ֡
忴ϵֻ΢۾Ц, Ȼ㿴ѹӦӲϾ, ֪׽ʱˡ
ڲʱˣͨʰоְɡ
˵վʹóרźŵĶһͽʼźŷС
̧ͷпȥЩ裬ֲǼȷ̻һը˿
ʱֵ磬̫ȴţһַļơ
ͻ̻˲ڳһݣĿ־Ϻ󱳣Թ˲ϾǸֲҵ˭ڷźš
ôܣһѪͽ߿ˣȥ
ǼƻܣûоƳǵĹٸ֮ȫˣôϵ
δӦȰȺӰ㲻֪ӺζȻ֣ȺϺޱǵĺ䷭ǽǰΧѪһĨ˲ӡ
˿ˮˮһ㡣ͬʱǵĶֺᣬûϢڵϣȫûзһ˿
˾ȵǣһͻȻֵӰǵȴĮȻžԵҳϡ
ѪȫȻѹƳҳȫһ
Ŀⳡźһɴƾ磬ڳ˲벶ȸںĻ̿֡
֪ӺζĻȸ֮Ǻ£߲Ӳǰûû˵Ѫͽ
ǵĹͣһһ£Ĳܲδ֪Ŀ־ҧðźȥѪͽ
˭ǾҲýѪһһһ˫һ˫ܵظѹ
콭˼ʹϵ۸ӣһ֪üй£Ѫʱɱ޹ùͷѾˡ
֮˵˽˳޻νĴ壬Ѿǲܲ˽Ⱥͽ
ʱۼһƬյãˮʼ棬Ƭ̣˵մʪ
ĵԽսԽ£ƲɵͦΣ̵ʯɾʱƲڽɢˡ
Χ룬һֽɡڱ꣬Ƕһ㿴Ͻ˸
ٷ䣬ǵãΣݵѣԭǽģƹȥ
书ҲǲС
ڣǻ˵ӣȴͻȻƽȨ˵ķ緶ּʹžҲᱻҡڲΪǶ԰²ߵڵǶºߵļͣ˿Ȩ˵˼
ƾһ亹Ŭ룬Ҳֻ֪ԷǸģֶ࣬ö֪
жϣȴ˲˼뷨
ǷǶԷһʼ׼֪˭סηֻԼϵ˸飬±˲֪Լǹɽׯׯ
ɬǸոճֵĺǷйأ
ԺһƬǽ壬ͨΪ׵ȴһСΧȦѪ̶ͳһезֱӴ˻Ρ
ԤеԼеĻֱ֡
˲˵ǰٶȽס
ɡٰǲ㡣
ԽԽǱԫϱڵԺӡ
ҪиӾͺˡͷ
ΧŢһҴĵӶûС
¶Ц⣬ȴһ̧̧ͷʾⲻˡ
˳߿ȥȻס˵Ϊķ羰ߡ
ǲаԺһĨɫ
Ȼ뵽һ仰ԶҪӹǵ
ȻʱЦĲ˶ź඼һģʲô˶۲ۣӲǱӣҲȴŤϸµĿɰ
ͱڣһԼĪʮֻ˼ͷСӵṫ˳һѴ̫ʦΡ
ʹһǳһŲˮӣˮһȣഭЦС̫һ˹
춼˶ǰ棬Ȼ̫ʦɷߡ
һȺȿֺӿɡģ̵ģģͲġ
Ƭ̹ͳһƬ侫ܰСء
ǲǳ׵׸ǱСԺ˽ޡ
΢΢Բ۾ţ֪ˣ͸ýһ
˲ţ͸ð
ϳȺСյͽͽб£ʹǴʮҲܽΪͽܣôͽǣҲǿ⡣
ҲǷ˵ģǶųɫѣСȻȻźʹĶȭŰҲһҪס档
࿴ſţĦȭƵĹǲĸԶڻʹ˸Ĵָǰ£ڲͬĳ

һˣʶȻҪߣǰצȴ͸緢ĺǣֹס졣
˶ѾĿŵˡ
ڳ˾ٴʱҲ˲Ļʹ
ݲͣҲٸ˹ϵ
ɫ̹Ȼߵ岮Ҳ޺޵ؽһƾ˼
ʶ࣬Ѫʶ࣬ǵĽڶûгδǲһݽңԼҽһˮ
ǸӲ
ͨǲѹסˣԷ书߷
οӹһשȭһӾˡ
Ժܿ죬ͽͱѹ˼ģҲѧŻʺһӽΣŰġ
ڳ˱Ȧ˫ҲãȻոԺʶ
˫Ǳ϶͸ˣжҲ
㯿Ÿոջֵֵ̬ܵʣٲȻѾεߵƿȫ֣Ǻ˵ͷͷĬضҲķƺֻҪһ̾Լ
˫Ĭȥҡ
ֻǸ˰
òԴ
˫ƲһۣΧȫǱٱֻվΧšСĳƣͲ˵һˡ
ͨתߣûپ
ʱɽׯͱٱΧסڵĴҲҴҸϵȺߣ̬ǫ
ǲ֪𾴵˭ܵùĵӣǲףǵλǿ׹ס
ʥϣм˭˽˽öпܡ
ڵĴгƲ⡣
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


59 
ֵأ
ˮ, ڳĺٱŹһһɡţƽ£ֻˮɡ뿰׳۵Ժڳ
ɽׯΧ, ʱ⿴ЩɢϯĻˣȥ˿ջ޲ҹʰˡ
Ѫǣǻһս֮, ¹عٸ, ˼ǻһС͢ûʲôʵﲻ޶, ġ
ܰѲӷڹٸĵϡ
Ժڣŵһ, ҶΪףŵɪɪֱܹĽɢһ֣ͲԷ˵ʲôʲô̬ˣѪ̣β룬վŵĹŵģбʬס
ͨһ, վǰ, ȫ˾ѱ¡
ͷȻָָ̧ڴҴҸµ, ǹƳǵ̫үʾȫѺ´, ׷, һҪ, , ձɷ¡
Ƴһ׵ָԼ, Ϊλ˵еֱӽ¡
ִǣ㣬һһϦܰģҲȻѡȥͷûͷ£ôܵġ
ǲ֪ǰ⹫ӹپӼƷֱܲ
Ͼĺúõģ·ʥϰѿٳҲա
ͨһģ֪ʲô£ֱӴӻͳ˻ʼƣϸ鿴
ϵ˿ˣǴʥϵּ£ˣܲܰ참
ʼҵ˸ҷ£ƳֻһƬʶͷĹѿڶ¹ٽʥ⡪
°մ˴ʪۼҲ⣬̸һѴɡˮϮͷ֮ϣûбøǱ
ֹźһԺš
ľʸеʯͷԸȺСһ𣬲ҩһ¡
صصڵСǣ߳ƺȺΪСӣ֪侹ҲͻСѿڶС
һȺʮĹҲգĽ磬ǽүġ
ʯͷֶ˶٣񱻾һ˼ҲƬ̵ĿհסҲܽȺ˵СӵĳƺŶϣϵϸһ
ͨŹٱȺ˵ȫսɣȻũߣһ˰ҰӵİյǼᣬûеǼǵģֱҷٽҷ߽
ëϣƳĶҾո˵˶֮ûƣþͻ˵µҲӵĶ࣬罫ë޶һ޶Ⱥ˵ճũߣҲʹܻݡ
Ҫ֪ǿǿ洫ҲĶʣ˭ӵһǸ
ͨ
ʱо쳣ɫ˲ߺ˴ɡô죬һ˭ҲܿԼб˲ռ˵
İã׳ŲһŲһȥǶɡ
˵ȻӦأ
ڡȻ˵ųԲ裬ԵڣҶûˣֵܻû
磬ʼģݽѲǶƭˣ

Ժӵ˶ˣ֮Ҵ࣬Ѫȫȫβ٣ûѺţߴžһص
Ѿȷˣ͢Ѫ̣ȺԷ֮ʿţֻҪûɹ£ûֳǵĴվǹͻˣֻԺᱻơ
ٽ챻ΪɣΣ͢»ᱻƵĲٷˡ
ȻŶǵðɷ£˭˵ҲС
಻֪ʱǣ֣һһȥǶȥţֻ֣ܵˣҸɡ
ͷӦ£һǲɢȥ¡
Ժһ¾Ϳտ˫ֹˣԺճ˰µĹٱһš
ൣɡõɡ󣬸˵Ҳ´࣬ƳһӣӴһϪʮβȥˡ
ֶ飬Ȼ֪ȻðǰȥҲҪűһȥˡ
ֶĺ񫣬ձĶӦ
߳һ·ڷ絲̯Ӵζ⽣Сһ㣬ǰ⡣
ֵģ˭Ҳס
ԽԽСտʼ赹ֱرĪЩˣȥƽ𣬲ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ʹŲУҲۣʧ˹սǴ
ǵ⣬Ѱ˵ص˴·Ȼں깴ѰҵһϪ
ϪĽҵģƤ
ιģų󡣡·˴µҲˣϻˣ绩궼˸ˣȻǵ˼ˣˡ
·˴ŲЦ
帣飺ʳû
·˱˸࿪ʼͭ塣
·׬˸׬ʳǮָһطʳŽ𣬻ԿԾŵĳǿʯףÿȥ
˵Ҫ˺Żؼңˡ
ʱѲˣһɵĸо
࿪ʼ͵ȡģʤǿǵнԾŲУеĺͷ
ӲĳľȻ·˺²סʳβڳľһͷ֪һѪʳϣȷʳƮ硣
ཫݸ壺Ϲʯ
ùôªߣȻ֪Ϲĸʲ󣬵ȴĬĬĻʺա
ίǰԤϵˡ
û˳սðһڲ˹˳˳ˮ
ڵĿˮΪ
ŤͷȻգϪˮߵʯϣΪʯӽϰҲƽ
Ĺ۸У໹ܽ˿΢΢ʪ޷
ð𣬻û෴Ӧһȥˡ
໹ûζһѵˮǾûˣܺ
ұ滹ɬ
ûٴ𻰣ʼרýԾ
Ҳ֪û׹һ츳ˮһΣʮβȿֺװʳĶӴۣеĻһ˦βԾſҪҧʳ
ֵĲ㣬ǵڴʱȴǾ
øӵһնձֽܿ
ࣺ˼ȫ
ʵʵ£ǵ˸һ
⣬ŵĵɪѪ⵱Ȼϡˡ
ʼ߸Լָ˵кˣ¶䣬Ҳָܷ£
಻ȷһ£ΪԼ֪û翵˵¹ˡ˵ĺȴʵʵ滰ûĸ˵Ϊֺˡ
ýͺˣ
£ÿνӺʱ࣡
һѽԽʯס
Сգ֮ʵ飬Ƭ̣ʮβȿֺϸ߸ߵСٲʯס
鼤ץסĸ첲࣬ɹˣӺˣ
Ŀ貣֪ÿӦ䵽ϡ
ѣ۾ϱµЦգֱҪˡ
Ҳֲ˭˭ͺˡ
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


60 
󣬴ʦ֣
ϧؽµЦշֺļ, ſ
ǰȥ𣬵ϲ͵ĺˣ
Ц˵ҲܿģʮβĺͷЩβͶо, ǰʳι˰ɡ
ͷ˵ã彫ʳԼһ֣ſʼιʳ
ܴ󣬿˵Ʊ֪, ڸǰ, һӤȭͷʳ
еʳ̫ˣֵµļռ˾ֻΪɢȥĽƵһߡ
Ҳ, ϾԼԼӵϣ϶ǲͬ졣
Ϫˮ峺, ԿϪ׵ĴʯͷСʯҲһĿȻ
ƳǵʿСϰչϲԼʹƫ֣ҲдҰޣϪ߸Ļۼ, Աͤ, ͤھ˵ʿļ
ȴȫûע⵽һԣΪֻǵҪ˰ˡ
ݻݻԶĽǡ
Ѿ˳ιʳ, Ȼ˵㣬θڲС, һһ¾ʹڽʳ̽˸С
һԵȴϸµ鷳, Ϊеʳ, ҺʳҲ, ʼƽ, ÿһԵ
ȳԵʳĽΪԾβתȦҡͷƺҪһ㡣
һǰ಻ΪͶι㣬һβˮȥͬ顣
ˮ鲻䵽ϣûԤϵͱ⧲ʪˡ
ע⵽һĻЦһ±סȥ䵽±Ǽˮӣһ߲һ찲οǻ㡣
һۣ㻰ֻһأһһֵ㣡
岻˵Լˮӡ
ŵͷʱʳĽʼ췴һ෭ӼΪԿʼ˦ӡ
һ˲¹һȸղŻ͵̾·ԴϽһͬһҲꡣ
༱æӻסԼ
һΣɲܱ֤»᲻һȺ㣡
ζȻʱܳҪԶʱһ˵˹ǸˣŻζ
λСѿߣȺһϡԽ޷ǰΪǣⲻʳֵ죬ɲþ͡
˵˵ŴɽһǲԶ
һæǱ˼תˡ
һƫڵۣź룬ͷص˿ϵϣӼȴ˷ǡ
ཫʪͷһãʵλǣ
޻ģġ
ͷʱҲѾָһĮȻһۣ
ô
Ц𣺡˼羰ãԱһСͤӣ˾Ǵš㷢λλðΣˣͶԵȥͤһҲñܱꡣ
û£գֻۣǵ˰ˡ
岻óܾˣǶԷЦǴ˸ơ
˲ͤӡ
ͤķɫģϽЩͷˣȻǣƾϮҲΪ
һߣͷף˽λãóһС¯
ֻһ۱ͷλСĪҪˡ
ϲһ˿΢Ц˭Ҳӡ
ʱ¶Ľҵʦ
ͷзЦ⣬£ӹߺĵ¯Ҳһʦá
Ȼʶġ
һԼϱˣǲԵҲĽŲãȻʦá
߿һתͷǿȥԼʦһĪҿȷʦʶ𣿡
˶鱾඼Ƿôһҡ
ָ˵ӣҵһѧ
ֱ壬ǰǵ̫źؼң㾡һ壬ǻ֮ʱҪǹ٣˭Ȱסû뵽깵ĵطһѧ
㶣ʮԾɲ֪ͷµ󣬴ʦ֣
һڣ˫۾붢
ӣСʦܡᵽĿ֣˿Եɵĸɶӣʦʦߵ
žеˬ
ߴƹּžĿʲôȥú
ǫһ飬˾͸ˣѧ廹ãʦġ
ߣң˭ˣǵúúôˣû뵽¾Ȼ˲̻ͨĵطѪۡ
ܾˡ
ߺһƳࣺһ°ɡ
彫ĬĬϣָֻһ
࿴ߣҽܵࡣ
һԵһֱССһϤԭΪǿͣȴƽװһ֣˵Ҳɾִ
ƺ
ֺһ֪㡣˭˲֪ν
ҪǸ֮Ļῴǰˡ
´ӳϲʼǻƣ󻹸˸лʺ󣬵ڵۺȻƣܴԶҲһ
ںüϳǰƵƵ̬ļϻƸƵࡣ
²ǻ֪һȺϳѾĥ͸͸ģԳ̶Ȳδ
ྡأЦܴ¹¶˵ط
ĥǰǱǰ̫̾
ˣΪָ˵´ٸʲôܱܱܲˣ˾֪𣿡
еϳǻٶѾеˣʥϵͱ¶ɣʲôȥͽ
ˣɸԱȥУǵһ̣𣬻һ
൭һվͺˣȷʵеղס
һȥôôǣ֤һθأ
һ֣¶˳µ˼Լ׼ˣô۵Ĵ󳼣´νøε㡣
仰˵´λң
ߵĻһ£۾壬ߣߡϽߣ
ʱǣЦŵʦأʲôֱҹٸͳɣҪѧˣǵĳҲʱš
Ҳվŵʦټ
Ҳˣת˳ͤС˾䣺˵
ͷҪôܲȥҡ
ͤӣʱѾͣ˵ɽ·Ţ˲ʯͷ·ߣнԶ֮Ÿ˵̫
̫ԺؼңؼǾǴգӵҰģȨʢһʵõıԵQҵǻ֮ʱпزסƣ̫ǣؼҵһ룬úؼôҲ
̫Ҳûܺؼҷͼݳ֪ȥû뵽ˡ
޶೤ʱû̫ˣ֪ʦãӡ
ЦɣһƽȲݵͣҲ䣬𡣡
ҪִΪȺĹͣģҪԼ⣬Ҳ̫
̫׽ˣλҲǲġ
ָ䵽˱µϣ䣬ȥٲ䡣
˵ʱˣ涼ƽ̹տǴ֮ûзĵط
Ҫ˵Լڡ
ãЦӯӯӦ¡
л˵
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


61 
νн
·ϳƽ, ˵˶ûˣ֮óһͬʱ, ǰĻ̵̻Ҳ˸ʾ֪Ѿ׽ù鰸Ƴǵİ
Я֮ǰ˴լӡ
ա
޼ɵһ˯磬ԵɵɴӴúʰһ
, ɢЩ, ƽϵ¶ȶȳ˸ߣڵļȵ, ƫƫûк⳩Ρ
ټбڣһǲó, Ȼֻȡ
ǽȥĶ
౧һŽ˱ݹȥ룺ȥǰɣ˵Ҫ˲𣿡
Ǳ֮Ҫµ, ȴ, ôʱˣȻһֱѰӡ
ĬĬ߲һ, ǾһȺڰ참ȥݻһ¹ƳǵĴʦǡ
۲ӴȺ, , дũǲǲڻ£
Ͼũ߱û, Ȼܽ˹θߵһ̶, ô˳ֵũ, ͸绢ڿԿճʱȥѻĵء
񱾳˿ûͣҲ˵ֻҪ㹻ֶٵؾͿֶٵأҲᳫŮŮеطš
ã·̯򵥳Թȥ˺
һ˱Цӭ˹ͣ
ΪߵǮӣ̹Ȼƺá
£СͯЩϹʣλʲôеһᾡ콫Ҫõģ
ʲôʱˣʲôʱһͿˡǹһ£Ҫ̸һ׵⡣
⣿ôĿҹ˲ƻſڿ֮ˣ˵ԾǸЦеӣ¶Ȥ
ǹũһ£˵ֵͽ
ͷ١
ȷʵͽܣ鲼ƳǣЩнڳϴҲʦ
ɦɦԴ⣬ũҲͽܰһʦܽ۸񻹵͡
ֱ˵Ⱥͽܽ⣬ũߣǳ͢Ҫĸũߡ
ƳǶƱػһʱ䣬ʹȥˣҲûػ۷塣
ũ߲һǳ͢ҪģֻҪǸĺãЧʵģһͼֽ͢ͻôǮա
гƣ֪ͽܶձ֮ˣҪȻҲÿζӿֳôֵҲҪǣũߵĽˣ͢ҲɣǸ߹ٺ»Ĺ佫ƽƽҲеͨġ
ϰֱӽףܸгȻöԷĥҪҪ
꣬۾̾͵ɵͭ壬٣˼ʣ棿
סԼļ侲˵Ҳƾ³Էô綨Ҳѧʣͷʹ綨ΧһЩҲҪһԡ
ƺϵţǴóһӣϵ˵Ȼںǰ档
һ۽ӣٿˣʮ㣬óߵƭӣ˵ĲƽδĶƷʣǰŰɣ֤
Էκһ˶ܾ˵ģǵһ˵Ϊÿ궼ҪТԼͽܣΪԼҲҪסջ̽һ̽
ںĿ£ͳһƵƣŶڻʼҵĻ֣Ȼƾ֤
ฦһݹȥ˫ס
δҶϡ
ǿңֻƽ͵ʥϽеһСƽڽȻ󲨾֪ǽеĵλˣǴڴ˵УðĴڡ
ٵҲʵ۶ϡ
¶Цǿ޵ı飬ֵһţʣǵ˭ô
ûн䵽ϣԾɶŸ䵽ƣϧˡ
Цеʥϵˡ
֮ڣ̽Դ塣
嶶˶ӣǲ֪ô˵źãĬƬ̵νн顣
۾ˣ⧲˭ҲߣԷ
ʹͣ
ֻһ㡣ֵһָͷ¶޵ı飺ҽδ󽫾¼Ϳԣ˵ͽܸУҸҲУ
ǿథսƽˣεɱū󽫣ɱи²ƵģĻƹƵĵ
Ժԥ˵ƽһԸǸνһص󽫾һԹϸЩ
קקӣûקǿʼ࣬Ȼһ˵¼
˵Ĺǵ¶ܱԷΪ䱦ֱҪֱӹļơ
űǼطԼȥֽ֡
СܰԼ꣬˵ˬ졣
ںｫöӲһٱˣֻǸճӱ˰˫
˫һ˱죺֣֣ƭֵҺòң
԰˫ûжУǸеƽĴү򵥵ûƭ
˫ߣ˵ûƭѵ˵𣬷ں߳ģǽʲôǵˣϹֵֿ飡
಻˫󣺡㵱ܵʱûǣ͵͵
ֵһͶϣ˵¿ɲֵܣǷ
˫³ˣһƬɫմͳͼ̸ֽ壺ǹڻҩģҸǵҲýǺúý
ҩüأּ˷糾Ƴǣҩĵһۼ˵ҪԤı֪ѪⶫŲԶıᡣ
ֻѪ̵ץˣǵĽͽңģǿпٳͼֽڵ졣
ʱؾ˵ӣҲ϶䵽һ²
˫û߸ϵı£ٸߣôء
ҪҪ˫סʱҲ̧ˣ̧žҪߣֻת˲伫Ϊ
Цͼֽõֺ֣öô᲻Ҫ
ɫΣȷʵҪ
˫תһðűĴ͸ǵġ
Ҳеɫ䵱׹ӵѡ
ɾʱһųеСͯ˸һ˹˫һֽܱߺӣٵǰͣ
˫ֻоһ紵ټ˾һԣе졣
СͯǸṫͷīֽüɫ裺ӣҪĻҩͼֽˡ
ֻбνû˫ըôϢ
Сͯű½ӹͼֽٶǿһ䣬ڣʲô˲
ٳδӣҲסˡ
СͯϸѪʹĶǵѾ临ԭԹˣǵֻС
һһҹʵ˲ˣҪǹ֣߳¾ܸ㶨
Ϊ²ӵ죬ǰЧʵ¡
СͯԴѹûע⵽ཫѹƽ˿֣˫һŤ۾
ҧгݣǰο˵ʲôҪƭ
ƭӣ
ΪԼ׿ߣ


62 

˫, ͷ˿ߵʱƳ壬Ӱ˵벻ˬ
Ȼ̧֮ǰһٷ, Ҫȥľ¥ļ
һЦ˭뵽ջɡ
һԵСͯṫ, ͺʣ, ǲūŻˣ
ûСʲô֣建СѾǵڶμˣÿһ涼ӡ̡
һο, ڶͼֽܹǸˡ
ūųԽԽ۾, ԲЦϲ
ĳԽļ򣺡ߣȥʲôǻҩ
ԽӦǰ·ȥġ
ԽĴæ, ջȻôȫ, ֱռŵĵطΪŵ㡣ˣÿγԶŰ¶а·, ֱסҲ൱ڸعԱӡ
Աܹ鰵ﲻԸ, Ͼ˭ϲһȺס, ǵ˽һɶ
Խǳ, Լȴں, Ϊ, ˭ںһЦͶɸˣ˵Ǹ°£ɵ˭Ƕߵ͹
Ƭ̺һɫӡ
ʣԭǻҩ𣿡
Խ𣺡ýװУȼɱܺǽĻҩڵõĲȼһ㡣
彫ɫ֣ȻණʯԻҩ
ԽӦһһˣһ˽ʯķӣһ˽ֲƳɵĻҩУȻϵõ𣬿뿪ǺƽٲȻǵһθɡ
Խż϶ԵȣϢҾͿʼˡ
ཫ䵽ʯϣɫȻǹƳǹ߳ĥʯͷӲ쳣ȴԽԻҩ
ҩӦе㶫
ͬʱȴδܵһ˿һĶҩӶûС
֣ôССһţôô
תԽԾ棬˷Ǻӡ
಻ڴҿһ
Ϣʱ䣬ӣţҪòʱͻȻһȵپۼѹһţȻѸײڶ֮ƿը
һ׹һضΪ֮˲
ٶȿֻסȻٳ롣
ûΪĹΧԶûдﵽվĵطҲڼʹγһϣٲãĽҲѸٻס¡
࿴ҩ°ȻʱûҩʯѱըķѣŲƲӵܡ
˼Ҳֻһ漣
˵ԼʲôζȻúϸˣΪ˵Ķڲͣչȫмѭġ
ɫȣᵽֶʱܵøӿ죬ͬʱһƬȣһʢͱüˡ
ҪǽС
Խ˽ǰǽȫʰɾЦӣǻҩȫ
ѵóޣ
۵׵Ȥֽ˫ݹͼֽóԱȣóԽ˽и
˫ֺ̫ɵ岻ռ˱ˣͼֽʱѾʹ͵Ŀֳǰ׼ϡ
ֳǰ׼ң֮ĸ˫ǰ׼μ׼һλãð׼ͻͽҲõһԱͽ
ð׼ҵ̽̽Уһν
ҩµҲˣڸҪѪ׶֮ͽ׽ù鰸
ϵѾǿ꣬մһ֮࣬ԶԻҪС
ȥηһˣլ
һߡ
ڿջӷϴǲܻˣձҵĲ࣬治ڷ磬סˡ
ҶȥѼңݡ
ֵܣûˣׯͷҲûˣҲңׯͷļء
͢ûϴѹôһ£ֱӾͽĵɢˣ˭ԼΪׯ
ⲻѰ·
ڶҪˣȰһ
ȴŲæο鲻󡣡
ͷʣôûôôάơ
¶һ˿Ц
̯֣̾ȥһ˵Ǯ
Լ֪֮񻹲ȥѰԺĻƣҲù¡
˵ʲôʱ򷢲ˣ
ļЦأûƣı˸١
²׷ʣʲô٣
ʦ
ڶԷǰ˻ӣѣûйʦĸƭƭɣңȥ
ݰסļڴѣȴȾ˼ֲĵΣûƭǿѪ̵õġ
ŷ˱ҪƭܱƭĶǱ²еģǵ˳Ҫװһֱȥ
ƭѪǰ飬ȴѵõĳˡ
˵ףͷβٻΰ룬ȴİֵܡ
ԾԴʹֱѪ̵ִԴֱۣ׵˵
ǸƮȻɣｫǰ
ҪҪһһ仰
ֵĬˣƵȻҪҼûֵܿɲøҸԷĵط
޲һլԺôûǮ˵ǰȻһһĸо
ϲɱɱȴϲͷôЩȻһûմϣ˵㵽ֹķ˶ϲܣҲͶ
ڸߣҲûôԽܡ
ϾƱá
ݳһôͷʦͻһ
Էݵ
áкüӣӻóʱ䣬ԩͷǮǮǮ
֮ݷˣǾ˵ˡ

ڴլзٴ̣ǵķϡ
ߵǹٵʱҲãǴ˳Խˣ·Ȼ쳣˶ɿˡ
ķѾһӲˣʵϲɺء
ȻһʱĲѾ˳ȥԳӿճλã㹻ˡ
֪һģֱǲŷν۵˾ȻǵĻʵպյĴ󽫾Ȼһֵ𾪡
ؾ崦һӦʹ͡
ݱ˹ʦչʾͨٹǰλãûΪС
ҲˮǴߣΪ˹ʦһˡ
ֳǰ׼ҸһԾǰʥϵĻ̣Ǩۡ
Խ˲ʹһҲǵĵλᣬܸǰٹγ̬ƣ˫ʵֵĿɰ
ͨˣΪǹ¶ųΪ˽ǣң尵нǵĻʳȥҲ˵㡣
Ͼڶʳǿ䡣

תתꡣ
ڹǽϰԡɹβ͡
βʹ׳ĽɫƬڶⶼԾ档
ǽһֻϻʳǰůֵģڱβ͵Ӱɨˡ
ȥˣСϻǰİСܳɳΪ˹˿۵СԱΪ˲ͣë
ָкܺã¶Թ
ཫַԴ£ʼ˼ôñͷʵ
ͣĸ֣ÿһʦĵҪֻٵͷһζûн٣ʦͷȴһһٱͷʹޡ
⼸з˳ʹۿҪˣӻ־һꡣ
ʹҪһͽϵ˸ȥƽء
ˣ˵ִŵı¶е㶯ҡˣû߱ͷ
ʵĽ
඼뵽µ֪ʱЦһȻݺݷȥӡ
ĵСڷᡣ
ԲҪȥ乬


63 
С
ӹǽ, βҲ˻ȥ
ֱĹȥ⴦ĵȴ, иӣϴԡ
Ҳǿɵĳ̶ȡ
ĴϻſǽǣһĻѾֲˡڶУȻ˳, Ƕ, ͷ˭Ҳǡ
ȻҲнΪСĶѰӻҰè, ڻʹķϵĹڰңȻΪл, Ϊǵ
еǿȴϲùɨɾԼ¡
磬, ʲôʱܷ, ʲôطȥ
ڻʹھһĻĹҵһȻʼ
ΪǶ֪, ڵèƺɾˣÿ춼ضĵطѷǲ׽
ཫԭеĹ˴, ֱ, ¶, صβ, ԼƤ޵, ȻԾлĿԡأڸˮϡ
ǳæʱô
ףݺצڳʯϻۡ
ǳ
ҲˣŵڴʱҲ¶˽ΪΪ´޵ĺۼ±¶Ƶġ
ƣԼϴɾȥұ£ǷļʱǵҪɡ
ô֪⼸ʲôҶӡ
ûһٸԲУ
ĸߴ󣬼ŶֲԵ׳˶µ¶߸ϵİ̬֮Ƕ⸱̬дʡ
˭Ҳܽʵ뷨ϣʵϵ˵ưǿӲʱǻ絽£ƻ˴ӦٴӦ
ϾϽôӦõġ
ŲĶԼϴˢˢ
ӺȫҪиģȫվȴֻ¶ϲ֡
ԵʱͿǸͷ­ϳˡ
ֱȻһ塣
屻ǰһĻԺµĲҲͣסԴһ룬ƺߣԲشС֡
Ӧñ򶨣Ǹһ˿Ц⣬û뵽ʺʱ˼
԰ݽ
ԼҲϲΪָбȴϻҪ¼ӲƬӲдԼ༡˰֡
ɾʱˮ׵ȻͻȻŪƣһƬʲôڳˮ͵¡

βͰɣ
ЦԾɸǣȴ΢״̬΢ţ۾¶ŵȻҲɱ
ڲע⵽ˮ沢ƽһ˲ϮͰ˲ϣŴСеĳϴ
ɫδ䣬֪ˮʲôһ⣬Ҳ¡
ȫԼһƿһ
ƺ˻ʺܡ岻Ȼţµôڲȥ
Ӧ˺վŲӣá
Ȼ֪ôģƲˣڴʱһ˿ӿУһ˲ͽǰǰеĲԾ
ܾضʱֳĵЩϤʶһ㣻ܾ̫棬նɹЦΪ츳ȴܿˡ
βͳˡ
ûܸǸФеĶ͡
ʶʱѣûԾԱߣֻǺڿȴ˲١⴦ȻտΧɱ಼ڵʱҲͺĵסӰ
ʼĬĬ˼
˵ԴϵĲߣǣôڲˮ׵Ķܾβ
׺β͡
ˣסĿڣʼĬĬԼǰôû֣ԴϵΪߡ
ôôιǶԴ
ţ۾ˮµĶѣ΢ʿˮ
ʶ룬ʶ侲طʲô״۾ȴܿճ棬Ĵβ͡
Ը֪صѾˣ˸ס
ԼסС߳ŭ˼ҲҪӵġ

˶ڹڱ˵Уʱָİˣ϶ܵһʱ
壬̫Ϥˣǵζһûеһʱע⵽Լء
߶ˮм򵥵ĳϴβųˮ˦ˮϡ
е۾һĴָָʳָƲס
ˮ汻ˮȻĶѣԾڰȻԡˮһ·Ȼ䵽ˮ
²޲ھȥұҪӦõβ֮Ҳ˸߲ҡ
еɰ
β;һһʹ˿˼ȴʾβϡ
磬ڣԸܵԼһʺ仯
ˣѻʺҪȫˡ
֣ȴ¶ĺ
ĺĶ
Ȼԣţ㲻СģҪñ˿ô죿
´ξͲһ˭ˣ¶Ҫúýࡣ
ʱ֪ԼѾ˸ףϴѾöˣʲô⣬Щֵ̯룬ɣɣ֪ΪλҪ
֪˲ϲ֮ĥȥϲ
ȥĥˡ
ԭûôãȴһƣβҿ
ʵϻ»Ͼ˭֪ͬʵһӾͽܡ
Ҷôϲʱ񡢺¡־塣
һ㣬Ŀһˌ߳ӣ߱߸ԼȻûע⵽޴βϵ봳βϵĵʹ
βͿСǡϲ׳ģ¶βķʺ񣬺ֵܺĸо
û뵽һ㿴塣
£ɵ㶶סĻôأû˿Ԥס
ʱôβֱϣϻŽӲӵۣͷȱһǵǻš
ƵҪȥڣ֮ǰжҡڣжǱ
¶崺΢ЦȷԼС˲ܴ̼Ҳǹⲻġ
βͺƯһ𣿡
ͷԣԺȻһ㶣䲻ĺˡ
ðűβ;ǰĻݡ
еءĵˡ
ֽ˸βͷǳ󣬱βӱ
Ǹгʵеĺض
Цü䣬ôõĶôͲأͿԱβ˯ˣ棬Ȼ϶Ȼ
βͣĸγ衣
Сʣ²𣿡
ΪʲôҪ˳˳βͣǸ
Ϊû㣬֮䱾͸̹ϡ
屧β˼һ˲ըһըࣺԣ´һ̹ϣˣ㻹ʲô
һֱ֪һһĴڣǵذһ㷢֡
˶ԼµĻʵۣĽƭȤ
βͱС㲻㣿ɻʡ
¿ˮԽǰ
ܱ󣿡
ķΧ֮תĬĬβͱ䵽Ȼۼֿ콫Ҫ˦ȥıڻ
βϣβ΢ҡҲܶ
ǯסֱۣǳĵˣ㡣
ɶⶫôó


64 

ԾǸ, ȴȻࡣ
»ĵ鼮˳ˡ
, 绽ꣿűʸʡ
ֵ˵ͷ
̿һ̸ֽһ̸⼸ʲô£̹״ӿܴϡ
һӱį
Ҳûʲô
磿
, һһǣǸׯĽ, Ұֳġ
еıʶסˣ𣿡
ͷԣ̽е㡢ۣ
ôʱеǲˣ֪ʱǺܸ, Ķɢá
ȻԺ޷һڡ
ش, ϡ
ոձ׹գе̣ڶѾǸˣ˼Ļ˵ˣôܱһ
ƤЦսʱ, һô
ָͷ
忴ŵһãȻ, ֲһ
ȴóԿ, û̹أôԼָˣ
, ݺݽؿϣ, ҳԿ, 㻹
Ժ, ս˺, Ȼֻ˻ȥ
΢ˤ򶯾Ȼἱȥ˷أãȫ㲻İȤ
ţճŵ嶫һΣҲƽϲ˭ռ˱ˡ
˾ò׻һʱŽŪס
Ȼÿ¶ԼȵһˮʵˮǲǸҼˣ
֮壬岻֮Ժֻǵݹһƽƽˮ
ɸ֣ڷˣѵʲôͺʲô
ͲҸ¶𣿡۾ʵ
ڲģ£ˣ˵
˵ҲҵеѪȥѪζֻ˾ûζּ˷ۣǸöҰģȥġ
ʣζɣ
ϾǿҰۣ˼۷ڿ۵óġ
ʱֻúʺһԴ
ô
㲻֪ѪʲôãҲȡⶫ͸˵ľһһӾйˣȻ
³һԼǹһ˿΢Ц㻹𣿡
౾ױ˵ʲô֪˼ֱ·
һӵɣɵĺܣ仵ˣ
ɣ
ǿʵڲӦױοһ¶ܿˡ
վţԼֻһ۱ûǻ˵ϡ
㲻ҳԣǻѪЧãȡģ˵ԳϣҲȷʵˡ
൱ð뷨ǱֱӿԣΪ֪Լ`Ķֻкôûл˱Ĳ֪ǵԼȳ
̫ۿûŷã
ڹƶ˵Ĵ̿ͣҲӲ۾
һӾͱס񣺡ǣĳˣ
ܸӣӦøȴ֪α¶һӾͽסˣôҲ䲻
Ͷôһ֮ڷ츲ˡ
ʵ۶ӲһţʱҲǿ׳Ǿڵٮٮߣĵ˻ʵۻѧ̹ȻԼ
ڶûã͵೤ʵۡ
һžͳʵۡ
ռˡ
Ȼ㲻˻ʵ𣿡
˶ĬĬΪԷı
Ц԰ˣÿҶڰæȻҿôĵӣ
ʵǸ£ȥ»Ҫ¸֪ǰȥƳǴ֣õҲǲĻӣһ㶼
Ѿĺܳʵꡣ࿴۾ߡ
ÿһεˮڸѻԽԽ˵㡣
ĵƺƺǰˡ
䳶ɱ״Ժܲɹۣ˵ǲͲôˣֱҹһС𣿡
ʱ˿ֱӶ㵽ɽ֣˭Ҳ
żµռĶ죬λȻˣǸһ
ðȻΪ˳ıǵһͬ⡣
̽ЩצӶ
ȥĺܺãѹһţ񣬵ǰ·ȻƫƫȴڴĳЩɹӡ
һȤ
Ҳԡ
ϱ˵Ļôдء
ս˿Ӳһǡ
ãŽ˽ͽϸϸԹ֮ȥ˯
Щһֱæ˵˾ڸʱ䣬һӿԣˣʱһַɵĸо
ʱļȵĲУ庮ʵ¶ȡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôһӦ˹鸴ࣺǲԼ¶ȣ
һļûʵӡ
̰ʱ첲ϣʣ𣿲ٵ
˵赭дʵѾֿ˻ýʲôᣬһڴ۽磡
һ㶣˵ζǧﵽȴˣҪԱݡ
صͷҪ
̹׵һôˡ
֪˻ƽʱ붼˵Ϊ˶Ӻá
Ǻˣȴһ㶼á
֪ôҲůȣ࣬磬ǰš
ϲ⣬æ§˯һ硣
硣
彫ѻɽˣЩǲżģҲʺΪδʵ۵ĿУ
ݻףǽӵͽʹŮֻҪʣеǻΪ۵Ŀܡ
ѻŵףʵʵڽȨݵԷ
һаźúȥȥ֣òӡ

⣬
ϳǰݻĹԽ¶ζ飺ϳף߱£֪ô
ϳүүǱˣٻڣСĶʮ꣬ǻʵҲýСһ壬Ȼû˸Ҫ󣬱Ͼʵ󡣶ϳʤǳ֮Ӵ
ԽЦЦүĻūžͷˣūǶڴһ֡
ǿеŮһʺϣ黭ͨɾ˽⣬еɲ򵥡
ϳȴ˽⣬̫ˣҪױĵճҲҪú˭
ͷӦ£ȻҪ͵ģһȫźãϹèϸҲöϢϢ
ԽŸȥһңһС󳤹
ľΪ֮Ȼ뷨ҲΪ档
治ܵǻƾ⼸Ҳպ󲻳˭Ҳȥ

൱һҹԼ׳ɲɡ
ȡѪʱôûзִ磬ǣ
ҪԭΪڶ岻ȥϳɵķʱ䡣
ֱڶ˲ŲŴӴ
²ʣȥһ˶ܿ𣿡
ǵյĶһΣʱǺʱ
ཾȻֻҪȣʲôʱ򵽻һ仰¡
ڼзŵҪһļ磬ȴûԸ
񼴱֪ĵطҲˣҲԾɶԶԱС
ΪҲһ
ĶǴ
׼úȽ˴вŻģ
ӴգץסϣΧޱߵĿаϦƺҲֿɼ
½ȫһ̬Ҳλá
˸֣͸ģɡ˴ָֻĶϱ仯ǲơ
ֹ˳˼磬ֻܴ鷢ķ١
۹紵죬ͷĽɽȴģһƽԭһɽϪϸСĽ֮
ŷࡪ
⼫ˣҲԽƽȡ
һһﶫʱѾˡ
ǵȥճ
§ڻ¶ƫͣϮʱеʪ磬ȴû
¶ȱȶҪúܶ࣬ȴǸҪ¯ˡ
忴˿ڵҹɫʣȥĹҹ
пǣϣ
ɻ󣬿һ˲§̤˺
ûбƽںϡ
ĺžͿˮڡ
е𾪣ĿеڴϾǺ
˵һֱض̽ģ֪ĺСϪС񶼲°λԤϵǶˮľη
ڲһˣٲȻһ˼ҵ̬ĺ԰
ͺˬ
Ƭ̺̤˾޴ϡ
岻Ȼ뵽ڤ㣬ΪԼô󣬶ǲȵŵס
𺳵ɨȥɫС
ǺܿԶ½أ˺涼ˮ½ضûУײеĳ㲻ӰֻºСȺֽȺߡ
˵ŴαȻһճ
ڻâĹࡣ
忿ѵ糯ˡ
סˣ֮Ǿȣô£ô˵
޾ĺϣ뺣ףһͷŵƵСȥ
˸糯ʱ䣬ڻ£ŵ壬ŭһɹһƽ糯
ΨһƽǣǴӶ˹ϻɢźʪϢŨŨζ
ʱײѾͽ˻ʹλջ̫
ʹǸ֪ĶԤףҲǷȣǸλϲиŬ
ЩӵܶȽϽɸѡȻѡǿƷ³˵ġ
Խʱͽ̽Ⱥ˹£Ȼȥ˭ʺϡ
˴죬ӱвŻˡ
һһĸ빬ʱ˵գ÷â¶һǽ꣬䣬ûзţϵȴ͸ĸо
һۿûǮķΧӺܵȻ˵ûǮûǮ
񲻳ˣ˳ȫ¡
ǳŮ廹Ҫһֱ׵ܵҲýһСүү
սȭͷͻȻ־ˡ
ʮ壬ʮģһ꣬Ϊ˶ӡ
ڵĽ˴ͷֲˡ
ðĿŴ󣬱磬ûȥеϱߣǸص׹֮ء


65 
ȱȱˣ
置ʥ, ֵĹӽͷӰվü˽
ǴʽһµĻɫЬ, ǢȺУüۼ罺ƺһۿ˵ĲѰ
彫ɫŴ׷һӹҵڽ۾Ҳġ
ó𣿡ͷʡ
ص˵ͷ, Сһ̻, бڴлװ˸С㡣
ϲֿζıǼðҲͣ
º͵ЦЦеϧôҲزס
Ǹ߹Լ, Ȼ䵽Ҳĵز
δӾ置ʥһ˶û˾ǵԵĹ, 򴩵ͨһ
Ŀǰ˵ǵӺʣʥһƫԶСԺӣԺﻹ˲ˣǿĿİǿܹ㡣
ھ, ȻǵĺáŮ, ƾ¡
Ͼе⻼Ĳˣʣµľ֮, ϸĻʵۣסɽס
ʥ置, ܳ͢Ͻ, йٸ, òò, ΪǸʥŮ, ԼزԵˡ
ʥŮڸ̨оƵӲɫ
һж˼ء
ǣס֣Ǿȥ⡣
¿еʳ˶ʮû⣬ɾҪӦ֮ʱͻȻۼֿಱʲô
гӡе
ඨһ϶һֻªںڵС棬æĵϡ
置Ŀʪȣֶɽ꣬ʶСͶ
ͳ֣ҽȥһóңš
֮ǰ̫ҽԺҪ˸ַӣպó
ͷСȥҩ
̸ϡ
ԶһõС˺ȻСոձĳӣֻСգ۴Ӻɫ˺ֺɫɵѪһ
С̼ۿһһۡ
Ǹ׷˵ĳӣΪĸĸˣӳҲûô
ôһֻ
˵
СݣͷңһСؤװ磬·ѿԭɫɢŶֻ߰ӣòŮӣһȴǼ
˵ġ
СӣȷСûȺż򵥽˲͸塣
û˾͵ȥˡ
СԶԶȥҩڽͷһȣӻһǣŲĴСԺȥ
鲻Խʿˮ
ŵˡ
ǵСԺ
СԺľͷģ䷿ͨԺһǡǵԺӼұһ֦ǲ԰͵Ĳˡ
¶Ըߣʺֲ
סķ棬רʯͷΧһȦ׼ֻ
Ӿڲϵ뽨СԺ
ǳ֮ΪϤ¼԰
嵽Һ󽫶һţӿʼɫջ
ǰߵʱëѪߵʵʱţʹͨʱ󣬳ơ
ǰΣξͺࡣ
ޱͳС㣬ǲҧĿ֨졣
õһ׷е㿪ģ٣ɹˡ
صص˵ͷ
˳Եú㣬㣬һȡ
ɷǳУǲֹһԺӣΧһƬضȻĻҪۻǮˮơ
˼ҿɲϵȵס
ôС˶Զִϸš
רȵģסĵطе⣬ǰǿɽкüݽɫأƫƫס˼ûƣȻסҪǰһ£ԭ⻧˼ҾͻΪͶ·òͼۼ
ȴͻȻλˣûзӦ֮ʣͺˬؽԺشˡ
ҿƣҪס
ȻǼƦݽɫ֪סˣϾǵڻһʧ֣µĴȴûʲôĲ֪ص˸ռˣ
Ǵúýѵˣؽϴ˭
С̾˿ŰѾһ죬ڻûѰһ׬οǮϢʧ˺üֻӡ
ýնҪ޹ʱͻȻһ飬ȻתͷȴվԭӦԺڵꡣ
ޱ飬ֻͷ
Сʶٱͷٵ
֣С˶ͷ˲䲼飺Ϣ鿳ۣ
һĪСϵСȡ
ڴɨԺӣʱ巴СУϸ۲С档
ֻƽСɳԵĲĸʺ񣬳С͸忴ܳ󣬵ȴǳл
ʣʲô
С˴һ©˰ģæ˫ָ£ƣСĵ㣡
˶סˣƫƫڼҪ»ҪӲҿǻƣ˰ɣ¾Сĵ㣡
彫ӻ˼ңʣ˭
ΧѾˣֻһԺӣ˵ϢʲôϢ
ʥǻʲôûɣľͼ
ܼ
磬ҵ֣Ǻ硣ش
ϸպãܲ˼䣺Ϊʱúܿ죬ͽ硣
忴óѣȥɡ
˺׼ǲǻжһ۶ܿǸСϵЬ˶¶ĴĴָݣǶ˵ȧ͹
Ȼ̧ͷԺʶʲô
ȥ߱ߵϢġ
ʱԺڵѾľͷӣȫһľͷġ
磺˭
ǵԲû˸ԼһַΡ
Ȼ˿ţҲԾԵȡʤ
æػҽ硣˵һ顣
Ϻؿ
εѹȻ١
˿׼˵ʮӵֻҪһģҾͿ԰֪˵
˸ϢϤʥףһȡʮǮΪꡣ
βһȻһЩмʧüֻӡ
ʮȻеߣϸҲֵۣҲҪ
ʮͿԶʱðһܱͷӶи֪ϢǼۡ
˵ʮǵʮһģ
ǰȴ˰ٱ
ã˾ǳէô۸ڤڤоȺƦåҲԵ˵С
Ǯеǣݹȥ˵˵
סӣϲСеˡ
ؽڴУɫ⣬һ֮ǰȷκ˶أ˽˶֪
ص˺ܲǣһǵƦϴһԶţֵ¶д֣ǻڶʳǻ߳ŭԺӣǿռء
ϢǸǿߣˣǻ˼ɡ
廹ôǮ˾̰
̲סЦһ
еλĴ֣ǲ湦
ǵһԭǻõشƫһǱסһֻʣһ䷿δӤβǮûˡ
ĵǻ˼һ͹ӳԣԼ֪ΪʲôûԸǵԺӣǲòѼ۸һٽŵࡣ
ǻ˼Ҹм㲻٣ĸ˵ණʲôڸʲô
Ҳ󷽵ǻӣҲ֪ӤĲκû
ֲãĵ
Ըǻ˼ԼĴûִ֣ŵһոһҪԼΨһĲƲ
ʣԭǻ˼أ
ǽǮվ˹ȻǾû档
Сιȥ˱𴦣Ӧǻˡ
ǵƦåûƷҪΪûʲôˣҲ̯Ϲ˾
Ϣּ֮ͨע֪ıȽˡ
ˡ
ɣֻҪԺӸ̣˾С
ҪȻⷽԲǼΪʺʳġ
忴磬üԼ𣿡
ͷᣡ
ûʲôѶȣֻҪܳԵĻһͳˣȫ죬ȻеĶж
Ըȥ̨ʳԼȥԡ
뷢ľͷˡ
˺ù죬ֲ˵СƾʲôԵģ
ַǳĶʹҲ̲סȥ̵̯;ЩԵġ
죬ԹܳԵģֳԹβܳԵģն
ܾ涼ŶȻȴֲ֪˵ʲôá
գͬͬŽ˳һӨ׾ˡ
һ׶ûС
罫˫ϴɾ֣ظԼһ׷̻Խ˶
ǴδйıУôů
еĬĬĬոù˼Ǻűȥ
СԺܵķɿ죬Żӡ
УȥðһͷŻ˽ͷĴýԼϴɾ¶˱òеڣٺܿ
ʣǮȥصСԺ
ȱȱˣ


66 

絽ʱ, ϳʲô
ϾѾ֪˻רǣɴֱӵţδǳ˿ĵһ˿ߡ
Ϥһ, Ժӵ̧ͷԺſڣضһ١
ɲ˵ʲô㼱æҸǸɼǽķǮ, ȵߵʱһԾ뿪, κ鷳
һĺܶ࣬ҲЩ򵥵Ĺƣ֪ʲô, һǡ
˵Ϊ֮ƵľԺӣԽԽá
˸ɻ, ܸǵϢ
ȴ̹ԣǶʱڲ뿪
һ㶣ˣôԣֻģռƣЩ֪, пܵġ
ſ, ΪֽתǸΪÿꡣ
ίЦǴ㳣ס, ʥֲʲô깵ĵطʲôƦ񡣡
֤, ʹ, Ҳϡ
Щǲ
ֻ¶, ѹûȺӲӲ
˵, ʹֵٸ, ȺƦҲһ˵ǣ˵ĵٵĶƿԡ
ûǶԲúڰ׵ߵ¡
ǵĴԺִ߽ܶ࣬˽⡣
ֻû£˻ṦԱ

ûֻͣͻȻ𣿡
ͷĶԼòѳԡǻ
ʱȻһĿƶ硣
ɿ粻۵Сʶ
̡
ļ벻һ֮
㲻ҪǼ鷳ǷģǻṤǮҸס
ۿɼ޼ҿɹ飬Բ
ʣ꼸ˣ
ѱĻҵͷͣ鷳鷳ʱ϶ӵķɿ죬ΪʲôҪǮ죬׳˼һ뷹
𣺡ˡ
켫ˣ̫ݡ
Ǿеӡ
ӦˣǺԼڵĸͷ˭ҲΪһӣҲ֮
İĶʰʰһǸ֡
һ䱾ǶģеСеģڳסٺʲˡ
ܳϿҿ磬ƺһ㶼ԼĻʲô⡣
Աǵĵ֮
һ˲˼άȻ̺ܲ˼һǾԸߵˣı仯Ҳʱ䡣
Ա߰æ൱ֻ壬СС̨˲硣
ϾƤ
е㼤شֵģǮǿ
ϡͿźú鶼ˣòŪģԭ˶
ٿʱ˲֪Ϊһ̬ܡ
Сһܿ㵣ԼְѸģⶨŵĲһ
˼ѽãЪ¡
Ժ˽磬һ˴ͻ֪
ǵķ֮ǸϾѪգչһΪá
Ժڰÿ춼ڵķˣڻϾʱȥ¥ѧͽ
ûѹݸԼʱŵġ
һոһСԺ˳˽置
ˣƣֻͨѧƤëСʱĸ˫뿪կ
Уկ紾ӣ˻Ƶֻ˵Ĺƾ͸ˡ
կ࣬ı㲻ö֪ˣȷһ㣬ʥǻƵ˲١
ԼСĲ֪ĳӡ

һһƽཫСԺز࣬ҪĿԺ£һȺ˲ɷ˵˽ŻѾҪСԺ
üͷһ¾
Ժӿ뻳һһõģκʧ
ĵͷǸݺſھԺۻ࣬ոɾܱһƽ
ʦ֪࣬׺ؾŻҪȼ
ʱǶʱ򣬶ľƵģ׻ᱻճһѻҡ
ͷš
ȼһԺӵ׳Ҫߣֻһȴ˿·硣
ݺʧֻһԺӣҪۻǵİճ㵣𣿡
Цһ˭˵Ժۻ࣬գֻһȺ۳һš
ԺӺõĲٺˣбº򣬾լҲܱɷˮء
οﱾͲֻһ㣬Ҳ˹ɢŲ
ݺһӾƲԳԷơ
ԺλƫƧûھӣʱû˿֡
кҳȥ̸
ڻ˯˭
ݺһȺУյصĲվܽõ֣˳˳ˮˣĻ˵쳣̶
û˸ôӣ˵
ݺ˶һۣһӣͳһԺӡ
ڵϹһȦ˳Ϩ
࿴һۣŷġ
ܹʮˣеӴͷȵ˵ۻҡ
ݺǰվǰȫţžͲ׸ӣݺûʶעȴȫϡ
ĸͷϡãûҲš
ݺж죬¶۾Ҳ˵Ķġ
಻ϲȺˣƽĿС
ͨ飬ƶ񶼷ֲһ
಻Ⱥ˽£ͷȳݺ﹥ȥ
ֲǵܻҪ˵ʼ
ݺȺǷǳоģʼһҺǺܿסҪСһɫ
ʵϣһֱ۾Ӷתʱȴȷ֣һʮࡣ
ͷϵģɲǱʹ൹ز
ûʶԵĴ󺺣һѳͷô۳ԴˣӦǸı顣
ܿ죬ͷϣ˶Ʒȥ
صûʹ˵ֱУԳ֮ƾԱֳȺࡣ
̫ˣƤšһţۡ
࿴һص̫Բһͷ˹ȥ
һ峳ô죿
δѵϵһȺˣŻֺĴѷ޲ýĻΪʥּ
һʵʻ
˭ģ
ϴš
󣬼ʣΪʲô˻һ𣬵ʱϷֵز鷳𣿡
Ը֡ƽƽ桹ˣɵˣα㻭㣬ô󷽵öҲ
Ҳ㡣
һɬϴŵĶֱ˴ˣѾΪˡ
ǰϲš
ྪȣΪˣ֮£ò׶һӣȴû֮ء
¶ɫô۵ģ
޲ýԼˣôһȻϧ
˻أΪ㹻󣬷ͬϽһ仰ϴͿԷſȥɡ
ΣŵĻҪˣȻ˱Ǹж¡
ΪǸණڳΪȫǵˡգҲֻƬۻࡣ
Ǻ˽˿ա
˭ŵĻ
̹ϵ֮ǸϴͲҪסԼ죬ʲô˵ʲô˵һ棬ͻͻͻȫ˵ˡ
ƫƫδϴŶ˵㣬²żһλȣĭĭھûˡ
򣺡߰ɣֵǣȥ١
ඪһܳһԼɴȥٸ;ʧ˭
ȲԼΪɷһǸԸȥٸһۡ
ϴ̳ܽ
ȥ˯Ǵ˸кȺ˳ٸȥ
壬ҲµĹԱ¾ҹٸ᳹ĺܺá
ȻһԭʥصյĵطĹԱɾĻ¾û˵ĵطˡ
ҹԱֵܿ죬һ㼸ͻỻһʥǵĵطٲŸһꡣ
ǵ˹ٸóƣ̶û߾ͱֱӴ˽ȥһһӡ
ɴñĹԱҴҸһͷʰ˺á
ǰ껹ǾС٣Ȼδ󽫾
ཫ˽ȥʵô£
ԭΪûʲô˵һȺһƺǸٵģϹϾ
Ӳˡ
ֿʼ˽⣬ԽɫԽѿ
죡
಻ǳ͢٣ǿլ˽ƷͼǿռƲŹԻڶ׷Ź
˵в˺͢١
Ըߵ̣ɷһһԣ
ʥǷƽ˾αѻԭΪ䲻Ҳᰲһʱ䣬ȴû뵽㻨ͷĿڲƭǿ֮¡
ײˡ
࣬¹ʧְ֪˵ǡ
置ϢڵϢڻûһĨڣʲô
ûлشֻɺøøɵģҪʧ
ͷӦ£ǡ
￴Ļֻһ󣬶Ǹȴ
ʲۺûèƾʮĸôôҵ
ʮŪ񼣣һһҲղôƱ
ΪѣŲܶҪȻݵİշǵñ𲻿ɡ
ʵʥʦкܶ࣬ȴһΧرﵽ˹ĵز
սĻΪţǿŮӣѣЩ߶߶¡
Ҫ⵹ѡ
¶˼ɵһºʥǵˣʱʦŶһ̸£ҲȽϳֵεʦš
һΣʮǰһξո¶ͷǵĿʼ
Ϊʥְǰְ˽ȻҲ쳣
Ŀǰ˵ðտŵĿ
˼ʣȱʲô
ӣа顣
񣬶аǽ־˻ֶָʦŻȻȻȰϼа飬һˮ˻ָ
˭˭͸ðҲҪ˻ָʦʥֻһֵֻ
ʥǲŶʦž㹻Ϸ֣ЩССʦֻǰЩİ¡
˽󣬾ɷãȺ࿴ϡ
ƽء
ȺпӲˡ
뿪˹ٸ˳·Щʳ첽ϻСԺ


67 
մʦ
صСԺʱ, 缱ŻܻûȾͿеģ
δ磬û£羪ȿ, ȴһæ壺أ
ཫݸ˯š
罫ڻ˵鷳ܻҪ֪ͨǡ
ϢĵһʱĲӵԽԶԽãǱһ˿ϣҪȺ֮ǰǡ
ϾҲṩô찲ӡ
Ѿ, õ, 棬ȥһ塣
ͷӦ£˽ݷǽ´ˡ
ǰһʱ
ԴԼС,Ѿˡô˵ôں
, ˶ı鲻ԽŨŨЦ⡣
չȥַϣȻ̲סϡ
Ļʵ̫ˡ
ܵ˳֣˹ͷࣺôˡ
˵, Ļ
ͷ, ȴ̫ãǸڻûа취顣
Ŭ۾, ˯ʣô죿
˯ѵʵڲ˼
͵ЦһֻҪȥͿˣ֪Ųһƭ, Ͳ, Ҳͺðˡ
Ϊ֮, Ҫίһ񡣡
񣿡ظʵ
ཫϸ˵, ĩ˵ЩҶʹ
ǽ, ŷķ»׾ٵġ
໳˸ʵλãʣҪҸʲô
ش𣺡ˣҪˣһһһǰ߹ͨش⡣
ֻҪˣľͳˡ
˵ȤһͼᣬҵĹײİ嶼Ҫѹסˡ
ȷʵ˼
һӦ£ȥѧˣġ
ͷ壺ȥ͵ʦ
֮Ҳнģֻ׸ҲûǮȥѧҪȻôڸϰǰһĸо
徾˾ͷɲ£ҪȻĸ飿
ָֻ췢ģ֪֪֪֪е֪
ǵʱֱӴߣ˵ʦҲҪĨģԽòԽء
໰䣬ʵպȻ¡һһٽСԺʱֺȻɢ
ʶסĶ䣬Լըһ
Ǽүʲô֣
ЦſϣЦǰϣŶ
⣺Цˡ
ЦúۣͷðһȦϸϣ͵͵֡

ǵȻһµʱ䣬ֹۣ嵱ʦ
ЩͬæȣλϵʦоͬʱѲȥչʾˡ
ʦıޣֻܽЩǳԵģܲܳЧʦֻһ仰
һӶûΪʲôܵӹӹµ굽ڣֻǿڡ
಻⣬ϱûֻһ֪ŵүǶ׵ӣҪ飬
ҪľƻľҸϲּĿӸ֤Ľ١
ҲҪһƭӣƭ
˵û뵽置˾Ȼױƭ
һߣҵһλˣĵˡ
Ȼ磬ȴʵʵģôصĴ˵Ͱᣬɣڹʲô˲òࡣ
ĵ˾ȣӦ˽ôˣġ
м廹ר׼˻סߣ״ƹͷ
ڣʥչˣȫǶڲʢ¡
糿ٽ꣺δ磬ҽȥȡ
Ƶ᣺ȥɣСһ㡣
֪λϲСԺΪÿʱڼңԺյô
ȻΪҲǲȥֵġ
СȴʼգԼˢˣִкˡ
ϸ³˷Ȼʼʰꡣ
һȫŪú˲Żʦߣģȥ
ô˼Сأ
ַǷģһ޴̨λʥģ᲻ǹٸʥŮȻǴĹ۾¥
ֻеλ߲ſ¥
̨վѵȺŵİգһʦŴ߹ǱȻ׷ãžηʦſճһĵ·
嵽ʱʹûаҵϴݵı־Ҳ׷õ
μֻһĴȣɶǺģΪǻҪˣ˹̨߲ܵ
Ϊһ죬̨֮ǲģֻҪʦϣ̨
ǽ̨ӽĵط
˽Ϊʱʱ飬϶ԣ̨ƺһˣҪȻΪʲôôʦ̨һһ׼ȴֲܱ֤ܽٵµǼϡ
ȻҲ֪˲˲õ£Щϸţһ˼£ȴڷ²ʱǻ˼Ҷ񲻾߱ϲ֮ˡ
ŲԸˣȻҪôǮҪôֻԹ԰̶̻ա
ҲǷ˵ģҪʲô˵ǫѷԼѧղôа顣
˵ƺӡ֤ԼĲǷˣȫ⣬ϾôȱŷİղŸҪ˼ˡ
ʮָۣ˿Χ˲Ŀ⡣
ǿţһŮӣͦñֱޱ飬ϻŲ֪ͼϵҲסء
̫һһ֪ȣɿЩ
Ѿˣ置Ȼأֱһ
ʮʸʦվ̨ϣǸԶŲ֪ķֻֿտգۻҵͬʱɷ˼עϡ
һϰѾʼˣų׳ƽѧģ
ΪһҪΪ֣תţ棬Ӽ㣬µһ˫۾ִȻϸ˳
Ϊˣǲ֪˭˭Ľֻ࣬˫ֿٻ衢ô֮ɾͳˡ
ǳѵýӳģսֲȱ
յĿⲻϿֿ˵ƾ˵
ѵǸʦŴ˸ͲܽĿ䵽ʦû
ʦѡǣǸж£͸õġ
䵽ϵĿԽԽ࣬Щ⣬һµĹûа¡
͵Ļڣ࿴Ѿ״̬æҲ
ûиоһ˿Ĳ˵ҵݼܲ
壬ʣȻŷ뵽Լڣ֮ԼĶ⡣һǴʵģֳʹ򣬵ҲⲻЩҡ
׼մ״ʣҲݡ
̬˵ֱ˵գƾͱˣúͰ࣬꣬۳Һеľ󣬰˾
˵ĿһȫƵϡ
ˣ֪ЧˣȻ׼Ҳûˡ
ȻȺ֪˭һ䣺𣿡
һֲʸࡣ
ϳģһӾͼž
ԱĿһ˿ƺвƣȻ𰸣ƽûпѹȴΧ˶ڹ۾¥ϵĴ壬ꡣ
ܵ˿зһ꣬磬ʱ̣ܶȴҡ
ͷΪ
ʵ˼ǿԵóͬЧ
ûʲôСֵġ
̨µİձסˣʦ˻߸ǣЩ˵ˣתȴûòص˵Ļ
յ˲䱻ȼƶϲû꣬λʦȴҶ϶ûʮɵĿҲа˳ˡ
˳ź˼⣬ܻشģɻشŽ
һ˰Ϣཫߣм˺üͷǶϡ
ٹǣĴεĶǻƴɣǾ֮࣬Ѿͷ
󷽹סĲӣϵ໥Ӧ쳣
ע⵽λʦϵߣɰ£λʦ
ܿ˴һ֢״̫õˣָʦ
͵˵ڶа顣
䵽һŮͯ˴ģеʧ֢״Ҳ˵Ǳаˡ
෢֣ŷ䵽һλ׳Եĳɵ
һŮŷȹװ˳̨˳ʥŮŮ
Ůɫƽūұִ˴а飬Щ˵֢״ūһһ͡
˵꣬ߵߣȵλǸԻǰʱɽִԣóɵһĻ˵ɽ˺־֣֪
̨һ󾪺̾Ϣѣõô£
һһܣܿǰ
ָǸСŮ꣬ʱȲֹԴ˳⸱ӡ
˵õĲͺûǣ
Ҳεģа飬а鶼֪Ҫĸа飿
һЦһⳡµһǵ׼а飬ҪȻ˭ͨӵؾʹˡ
ſĽǶȣϢƳһۣƽĮӵ̬ȡ
ͷСŮЦЦȴڸ£ֻע⵽һ˫ӡ
ƽոյûʲô𣬿ȴٶˡ
ǸĺܺõŮԴСҲŮɫǴ
ͳŵĻƷóǺëʣӺīƷǷ߳һ䡣
һ㣬ǳˡ
Ժŵ˵̨ϵûһܻķ
ڳ˱ƸסˣȴеϤΣԼ̵ģҲѧʮʮ񲻹˺ü˷ơ
ȴĹ档
ද÷ֽ˿˲
ֳȫϣЩаʦš
ýģǿŷֽûа֧ţøŶûС
ߵǰʼ˵ڿȰľŮа顣
Ǿʦ
뼫壬˸Ҳˡ
Ϊණʫʼһ·ʥ˵Ҳûкаúý̸֮⡣
ԭСŮݸˣ޿̣ʶһ˵̨ڵĵһ仰Ҫٱˣ
̨µ壬֪Ů˵ʲôϸţСŮ˷ܻԼһ֮ӡ
Ч
ס죬塣
飬ͳЯľϵˮҡ
רˮϿһˮڻµġ
ʲôʱȡöʡ
ཫõ֣ѻõڽˮСŮӣԼֽ˽裬ŽʢˮľݸŮ
ܹԣΪ֪Ĵϣ˸ʲôܾҲΪˣμΪ˱ͽȦԺڡ
סľ룬ڹ˹˱˳ˡ
ǾЧģЧĿɿڴĵز
ֻ˷ˮͻȻ鶯ջҲǲ濴壬˾һ̨⳯ȥ˽һԷ򸾵Ļ

ĵӯǾֻһӣ⼸үүַ̣ھӶĿãû˭κСĲȴʦˡ
嵥˲ͬһȻ׵ʡ
ʦҲմʦ
ס̨֣糱˵ڶ
!ŵѹһ˲˭Ҳûͣҵ漴ϯһαء
˳һոŮйᣬʣӹĸôЧ
⻰ױ˽ȥҲֻ겻ѣԼĲûа飬ˡ
ô׻뿪ḻͽֶ࣬δԵʦѹȥͷȥ˳ľ͹ˡ
Ǿʮ˳Ļᡣ
ƾʲô
ŻҪ˵һ̣ȴƱãһӾס죬һɵֱǸĵطǱ̨ӣȻһŵĽǿʯש
ƫһ㣬ŵĽžͲҪˡ
ʯɽŽһӾ͵ڵأǰžľʯ滹ж̴ٵ
ۻˣĻˣ֪ϦϦ
һ㡭ȫʬˡ
̨µ׵ĺѹȥǿ÷ڽ
Ƭ̣ϢУɢȥߣؼָֻԭľ
ոһΡ
ɴñСܹʣϣ֪
㱵ʱʶУȫС
ֱҪʱЦõĻᣬγν
ȴ̹״ӿ
ﵱţȴһ˸ҷ¡
ҲãҲ٣ҲƭˣҲ֣úڰ׵ߵڲƭǮԼ¶ɾŭ졣
û񰡡
ãȻȴ˵ʵ飬ֵزѾʦĬͲȫġ
ֻҪƤͿ˸ܵǻľˣʵһƭ
ţȴһ㶼ϡ
䲻񡭡


68 
ܲ࣡
Ÿ˵Ĵ, ֻһϴ˵һеûģҲʱʱС
, ֱʼ£ʱϻеˡ
̨µİһɧʼ˼޲ֱӵǰҪ̫ү̨, ǿɲֹŹôˡ
ǳµ, ƺ˭˭
嶨񣬽Ŀʧ˻ԻϣȻԻβ⾹Ȼһһ, ֹƫƫȴװհɵ
ְܲģ
Ǹ첲ײһָ࣬Ի, Ƴɵ
пľ飬û˿ǰϷ
ᣬȥҲˣڳаİ⡣
һ磬ûʲôھͽˮιŮ, ʦոǹǽа, æٶҲ
еĻڻе붼ûó, Ҳֻŷˮ
üͺ˼ˡ
置, ʥ, ձ, ʹͨ˼, һͷҲʦһˮ, ȻøʲôʲôȥҸ鷳Ĵ
ȻȻʢУ᪻ư䣬һȦһ㡣
Ҫס置˵ҽ֣Ҳ֪֡
ͷβһʢƭء
ڳϵǾԸվһϵģָĴģ»飬ץסᣬƵģܽʥ޴һӡ
ռסƲ·Ĵڡ
ŪΣֳһ¡
ഹףЦŵá
Ĵ뿪û˿ߵ̨£С
ϴڣ֮ȴһ˶ûע⵽
߱ߵӣרɤŴģçġӵͬʱ̨Ҫа⣬ֵʣ㡣
˵Ļᣬ˽˵Ķ
ڵ˭ɵӲ׬ﶼӦҹҪô򵥡
ʥÿ˶ȵȨֻǴðˡ
Ļѿ̨Ͽһϸڣƺе㲻Ծˡ
ӵϸӲɫ۾ͻȻֵϿûֱͦ˼һֵˡ
һ·һ·ӣתһȦϰԵʱȻһȻ硣
ˣסýȻ඼ûע⡣
ʱӵѾ˳ȥûȥ糣һæ
ཫظһˣ׬ǮҲ©Լˡ
ڴӦ֪һתԴֻܿüһƬӰôҲ͸ĸоһ˦ӣֱһգûˡ
콵ƣؼҴӣռ
ԴӸסһԽ˵ûǮ
˵ûǮɣǳԵԱҵĶҪϸݣ˵ǮɣƶһСԺʲôԼɣһʱķ̨ϡ
֪Ǯ˶רŵĳһΪһһڷ˵Ŀζпా
صߣ˸ƣ˱Թվһ𣬰Ҳ鷳
Ȼ׵¶Ĳˣ˽Ѻס˵һ齫ڳİհȻݺɨһڳʦš
Ǽᶨʥϵ置ٰճ͢䱸һҽʦҲȫҽʦ
Զ֪ΪӴ򲻳棬Ҫкã
ޱ۵ӡ
ҲӲ˵ǵıĺܲ
ջ̴ŵŻԼһȻع۾ֿ̨ʱͻȻ̨µ̲סȥͬʱҲִһ
̨¶һͷһ鳣һȴڹĨą̊́аˡ
۾ɵǫ̂ǸǰƵģǿ˵̨һӣĴӱͷסΧһȦ˿ȴͻȻᵽæҴԴ
ŵİȻȶôҪôè塣
̨¾ͳһϸһȥ˵ûʲô⡣
ʱոյıۼңɳֹɻ˵ʲôĻͱһϡ
ǾͲ飬ʥŮģｫʥǵҽʦΪ⣬ҸϵĹҽʦҲһˣű
ԣӲʥŮ١
ֻзЦӻ
۾̨˼ܸ̬ӣߵߵǾͲһ顣
˺󣬵һˡԹԻص˹۾̨ϡ
ʥŮ볯͢ĹϵãλʦܣҲȻط汣ȫ档
ڣȴȷǷè壬Բ뼱֣ȥʥŮܹʸס
ûϵʹĿ֮£ҲʥŮܽƴ
ǻҪżӿֳ׿Խʦ
ʦ׸ϵشżˣһȥٲȻҪϲļơ
̨̨¾һˣۿǲˣСߡ
ˣҪؼɡ
ȥʵ۾ôڣʲôʱ͵Թ
һ·ϣǼ򵥽ʥŮ˱顣ʥŮӦ˶ģʥǵʦǧ˿ƵĹϵеʮһѡĽ䡢ݡ̬òԺõŮҪľǱ࣬ʮʱ븮ȻڶʮΪʥŮ
ȻʥŮʷҲʥӣȶ
ʥŮʥŮΪ棬ܹܣ置ʦдԣ˵һƵˡ
˵ƣԺӵһӣûƢûУ
ش㼱ŻŽ顣
彫¶ѵһԣңǱˮȺʼԡ
һѶ̽Դȫϵĵ㣬ûһ˿ۻࡣ
˸飬ڽ·źãŵߵߵȥȥ
÷ĳӣһ콫ǰܲȫСſϴ߱Թ
ôԼٲˣôǽһͱϣ˿ȵʥŮ롣
˹ϴͷˣ˵Ļ𣿡
չȥ̵ͦıӣ۾ģᣬڲӦ̸
Ŷ䵭Ӧһʵȥ
֣߽߱УȵҰ壬Ҹ㿾ͷ

ʱѾǵ㣬ҹɨȥۡռӸŽȥƶϨˡ
·ܽһţԼ˰ӱ߿бԼȥ
˯˵ı־˵ѾҹѾȥˡ
ٸ׬Ǯˣ
һ֣쳣ܣȻ޼գһûԵĸоôôʦʥǽעǲƽһҹ
ԭʦҲ١
ʱЩ˷ܣڵСʱܵ˾Υƣҡߵϣͨſȥۻӽ˸ɾ


69 

֪ʥŮʦ, 置Ӱһξܻѹȥġ
̨ϴа˱٣ջȻϢʱʹʥǵĸ, ҲԽҡ
ûʲôãͷβֻһԼʥŮ㲻֮
ûϵԭ֪ô, ˺֡
һս, ʦѾСΧڴ񣬽Ԥ˵ҪҲڿഫȻܽһ, ʦȥҲʧΪһ÷
Ǹһսĵط
ٽ磬СԺͤӵͤ, ΣƵҪһꡣ
ҲڣСһԣҲ֪𣿾λʦ˵ձȻġ
ȷǳ, ûȥ˵ź
Ϊʲôǹʡ
磺λʦ˴Ź, ûĿʾˣǾԹƺˡ
˷ܵĺ, ʥôûǵһμôʦһˮʲôħֶӲ, ԭΪЩͨĴʦѾͨ, һȲ֪ࡣ
һοа˻, ǸžͨǸԻ, ҿ֡
ͷͳǮ, ¶˵С׬ģָ̨ٱǮҪҲڣ˵׬
൱Ȼ֪ǵ緹ϡռ
Ͷ˸͵Ҳ飬֪ϲ
ཫͤӣһˮģȣˡ
ԭʵնʱˣˡ
ȻˣҾ֪
˷ܵ㵸ȥȡ˰ɡͼҪţҳŴ˵Ϣˡ
ĶλҲסˡ
Ծɢ·̸۵Ĳˡ
Ĭ嵹˱Ũ衣ǵİĿǰܳɹ
߸ˣŵҪҪȥǱʥŮǵĸ֣߽ùƵץ
Ҫ置ʥŮǵһֱӷǵֵõķ
ס˷ĹؽڣԺôҲ۵
룬置׹ʢд޷ַһȰգջȨô򵥵ͻƿھʥŮˣȶʦۣұۡ
ȥ̽̽
ƣԽɢʾ忴ȥֻĻߣγһСˮк飬سȥ
ƣͨСˮҷǰĴ³һöɫ飬ȻѸײڶ֮ƱʧĻС
һö˶ֻԲĺ飬ǳɫǿžͨ
ҵģ
סȻЩ£
ЦɣͳһʵĽȻˣֹӣһһӣҵļҵȫˡ
ǿź鲻שש顣
ԣ˹ΪԴӵ置ʱʱʹ
ҲСгɾͣһഢص򿪣һ˿ʶҲ˳̽мҵС
֪һ㽫۾λ
ɫ۳ɶѣסʲò˻ûӦ֮ʱֱӳʶ
գգۣ΢΢ĴʹϮʶ䵽첲ϣһšˡ
ĳƤ͵ģ浶ǹ˲Ĭ嶯ֶҲԽ
һӦۣۻ壬ǲţյϣѵƯ𣿡
ΨнɫǼµòײŴ˼ɽŽɫ䱦ļҵ
һȷʵһУ̲סҪ뻳Уص
ô᲻أһļҵ⻹Ҫ࡭
Ц˻ϸеĶд

˯ĴԺȥ
˺ܴ󵨣ûдҹ£һ࣬һǷɣ湫ӵķ緶ֻѰ·¥֮ϡ
ʥŮһ¥ʥ֮Ҳؿ·ֱӳߵ¥һ·УܿȻȥ
ߵĸ¥ʵʥŮĲ¥֮ߣĿ鼮Ӵֹ֪ʶϵ
带һأ۱һѾ鼮һʱ۾ʥŮ󼸰ĵ̣ԶǾ£һѲƸܱȵġ
ֱףϲ̾𣿡
ʹϲǰס֣鼮̫ԶˣҲ׸СıʥŮרŵĽˣٷŸ겻⡣
ֻһʱģûҪȥ۲˵ģȻܰԵ¶ģЩż±ȥ
ӽͳ˱īܳһδɡ
ͷ˼ֿȭߣȥ鷳ˡ
ʥŮصأҹ̫ĿŵⲻλθЩ˿׽ô
ΪԼϱиĵĳ黷Ϊǿ
ŲʼץˣȽ¥ϸϸɸѡһ飬Ȼ̴һ
ϾΪ˽ǿ׼˲
ʥŮûֵߵģĲСǿ׳ĴˣǲʱһǾͶڼȴһ˿춼û
͸ȡϵһ峵ȥȻȥ
̫Ȼˣ߽ŵĽ˳ͳӵݸ³Ϻȥ͵㶫
ϺŶŶתȥȡԿף¾ͽŵˡ
ţȥء
ӦһϺŷĹջڡǰ൱ʥŮˣʥŮӹŹ֣ҹɵҲûô֡
ţŰ峵Աߡ
һ㱧ȭָһ峵𾪵⣬⣿
ˣҸطȷԼ̻࣬ȡ߷ˡ
ԣԹû򵥴ֱʥŮԼҺ԰
ƫƫдһ˿
ԴָŴһ˿һ
ˣĶ
ηţȡͽͣ
жˣŲܴģͳɣŰ峵ԭ·أ˳㽫
ִˣȻȻֵʥŮĻƵˡ˹в޷ǹƣֶξ͸ˣƹˣȺơͶ
˶Ǳ˶ʵදɱ˵ˡ
עǸƽֶҹ
һʰúѾҹˣʥŮĳˮϴȥ˫ֵĻҳʵȥ
¹£ϣٴθ̾¹ɽɫöð
Сˣ
໳ȸԾص˲
ʱΪϸ¿һ飬ʶҪһ¡
֪ʲôľշ󷽷
ͷԣ߹ȥŷֻ忴ǹһ鼮
ˣҪ֪ԼϱЩˡȻͷߡ
ôעˣ
һҳǣͣһµ˼ϸĹ죬˵
˵ȥˣϣɬࡣ
ߣʱ˽Ĺ졣
ŷⴿȻ۾ȥ
⣬ȷʵ˼
ûԱ̹ȫ


70 
ˢ
, һ̣ã⻹ʲôġ
ֵġ
Ư, մů̻Ưڸൽ置غ죬ϵĹɱһԭ˵û, Ī˵, һһƽЦӯӯζ
ԶûеսľĵزϷϷľȸиࡣ
ǰߣ
վǰ, £˻Դ˲, ߺŵֲǣ㻹𣿡
̵ʱܱɳǵСˣ˵ʷѾɾ, ȷһ, ҲһҲ˵, ڸûвͬ
ǰֻᱧβ̣ע⵽, ȻҲ
ֻǡһĹż, ǡýĴ
屻ëԴ, Ǳӵһ, һ͸
֪ʲô, ʲô֪
尴ס򣬽룬ƯüȾϷ߿ע۾Ȼ֪ˣҺúüʶʶ
ˣͨͨŶĤʶʲô
̫á
ʥ˽̵Ǹ֪ܣ࣬ʱ̽仰ļ䣬ôڷ˼ط˵Ĺأ˵á
ͷƤ飬ſĵĻҪȰű󵨵ϱ
ΪʲôãСôã巭˸ۣͻȻå˵ģܳ㲻ɣ

⻰еֱ׳ԣ
ཫݹȥŴ
̲ס¶˵Ц⣬źЦһš
㣬ϵĴСߴٵ
̵Ķľ޴壬ɵ˯һ
ȺеӲۻĸԴûжŪС
ЦĶִۣϣ¡
ǱСһ㶼ˡ
֧ԴеøȽˡ
һСϣСϸͨƣצСɣȿɼ֮Դ߸߰ţƮڿС
СС̯βʹ
գգ۾һֻḧȥ
˲߳ܣԴ˲ģ˵
Ư࣬ŵӵĴˮΪǰסһ㣬ǵһμˡ
ָͷŪС°ͣ౻ԴһҡһΣѣҲ֪ԼʱָŪŷ¶˹⻬Ǹ
СĽżȳ˳š
¶ζЦ⣬ָĦСǸ㡭ü
šżǷǼ١
βͻȻһ飬̷ԶԶָܿ
Сʱ͸죬ˡ
Ҫˣ
ߣд˲ţһվϡ
ûнͣСҵ½ϣˣؼҡ
ϵķң۴½ǰˬ໳
׻ôʱ䣬ˡ
ȻԼż
صСԺûţֱṦԺڣȻ߽ݡ
һݣӰȻԾֽϣüǶĥĳ̶ȡ
Ѿ˳ƱΣĺúýı¡
ҹУһ˱ҵϵϸС춯֪ûУһ˿ûй¶
󣬸ð֡

硣
ƿţ޺÷ʱԾڣҰʱ泩
ϼӺá
Ҫȥ̨ˡ
ôʱʵѾܽŴӸִ󲹵ĶζҲ䣬ɫζȫ
ٻʱѾʰԵͶι
˹Թ࣬һʽʼ
ԺľĶ
Ժű֨ѽһŽŲ翴Ժۿɼľϲ磬ڰ
ٲһؼҼǲϣġ
ôˣĵ
СһشкӦģڵѧͽǼҾ¥Ҳؽвܣ൱ȻҲñ֤Сӵİȫ
վֱЦ𣺡ƹص磬˵Ǳܱܷͷ
¿ˮǲ֪ʥǲؽˣʥŮʧԣ˵ʧĶǳأٸȥ˼⡣
ҲûõϢҲ֪˵ģƹ£ֲ֪״罫¥ˡ
ʥһһңδ绹ǲҪţʲôֱ֪Ҿͺˡ
ű֤ʵǴŻΪʥǴʱܾãϰΪΪӣΪСϺױ˻ҪӦá
λͲһˣһһ׹Ƶģ˵ˡ
˵źðôңӽʮǧӦðٰСģܱܾͱܡ
״̲סο£置һڴеİͼڣһվҲ
˼ʵڵģԺܱܷͷҲԣ¥ȥ˵
ȻжϻЦݣô󣬿ԱԼжߣ
˴Ĵָ
£ɫСС;һִݲȵСơ
ҰʥǷ¸ߴ磬Ǿ㲻Ҳ֪ˣҲġܳϿң֧˶ϲ
ȷʵҪϢ
Ȼ̫ˣóţþӪ鱨ڵڶŸ£֪Ϣģܲϵ
ϵģ⽫ʥǷ´Сǣ˵̹
нµˣȱĸꡣ
ʦڴ̨ǣʥŮʧԣʵʥŮĸʧ٣Ƴ汻٣ʵί˵
ʥңҵúá
ʦһǸˢĺûᣬʥŮҲϾ˼ǣҲǸռӣʱǿӲ
ʦ׳ֻҪվһʥǵĻȨõˣҪࡣ
˼ʦǸԼһʲôʱ򣿡
磺һ졣
ȳ죬ǵ졣
ͻҪȥġ
ʱ粹սʦʥǵһʦïɣͽҲܶࡣ
ͷ϶սȥȡһˣʱӦ䣬ϾͻֲǴӡ
ľ¹СԺ̫ˣ˻̣԰Ҳðϡ
Ժæģȥ˺裬бͷ磬ˡ


71 

һܿ͵ˡ
, 緹ȥȡµսȻ˳糱Ⱥ˸㵽Ǹʥ̨ϡ
Ծһʦͬ, ˬˬۡ
ȻȻֻһ˾͹ˣϾġ
Χ۵˺ܶ࣬˰, ΧҲҪ֡
Ͼʥǵһʦ𽵹һé®Сս, ο¶ȷʵס˲ˣʱ򻹲֪ôɼսء
ܽô춼һ۸, ʥȱԹעİô
˼죬շǳг, ʱҲּꡣ
ȻȺжȻ𻶺˵ĿһӾ;˹ȥ
ֻĵ·ʮСͯ·׳̧һɴĽӣȽ̨ӷȥ֮, շ׷õ, ֱӰݵڵء
˼ֲ֣¶ϲɫ, ˴ų־ԵĽӣֻïɡ
ʦˣ˵
ǣ, ȤŰһͬתĿ⡣
ʱϳźעĿϢ, ûϵʦ, ӾҪҪˡ
Էųʢ, ϾŬߴ, ΪĲǷ
ڵֲϵƣӣȵӽ
ïǸݵľˣײڵͷ¶˺װεĺӣϴֺصʦһںںľͷ
ʦأïһ̹ʡ
Ŀǰ̨ȥ
ĵλߣͲȣڴ֮ǰֻˡ
䵹࣬˵йïɵ¼
ïɴˣֻΪʩչһٿ֮ˣڷ絲ﶼûУƯɢһǸһ˺ͨߣյĴ
ֱ׵ͼǮͬïΪҲΪΪ
״˶ˣأ
ˡ
ͷû˵ʲôȫԴá
в֮⣬鱧һ¾ֱ̨ȥ
ïɿ򲦿ȺߵʦĮȫ
Ȼޱ飬۾ïɡ
Ƿ˼Ĵʦ
ͳӵݸһʥŮ̴ӣ̴Ӵȷïףȥ
ȿڣʲô
ïһɣȻëͷСӣеðʧԴ¶ˡ
аïг
ͷ޷Ǿβˡ
ʱ𣿡ʡ
ïȻʶȻԽԽá
ûĸʦϲʱ䣬ϲ񼣣ʦԽ֤࣬ԽǲҲðվǮֵ
ʦΪİ£СʦϲûʱӦ
ǰȴŵϡûѵʱֲаеĲ㡣
ǾǣǾͲǣϲֺֿá
̨ʥŮ̴ʱĸˣŹŸɾĴѡ
ӱ濴˾ȫȫβˣûԵʧ֢״
ע⵽µ̬㣬ϸƤ⣬ػδ
ˣȻŸɾϷ紵ɹĺۼϺʵļнӶҾƶ
һһïɷ
˵ߴϣ䵽ïϣȻ棬ĿֻԼ֪
ïȵмˣһһʣµࡣ
಻⣬ǰͿʼ˵õʲô
ĽĽ
˶඼̫ΣΪ౾ʦԵʣʵ֢״ϸϸһ
ĬţȻһ̽˵塣
˵ǵ֢״ͬС죬λ֢ÿҹһϵĸоͻǲ豭ò֢״Щòͷ
ҶӸɵģȫʹ
м˰æЩڴϣƵģô̹
˵˵žվסˣʥŮ̴Ӱӷ¡
ʣ״˽ֵ˸һ¡
ΪʾƽʥŮĻһаһʦĸߵ͡
ཫվֱӵѡ
ҽҽᣬּ֢һ֣Ѿˣĸҩ
ҽ֢״ҽʦԽھǿ̫ҽƺ˴༲
ھ꣬ɵ¿ɶˣһǶ̫ҽŵǽרŸԣѿ˳־ѧҽԹĦҿ̫ҽоβĹ̡
ûѧģڿ϶ʩչﲩҽ
סˣΪλĻʵ̫赭дˣѵҽȻ
΢΢򴽣û˵Ȼʶ࣬ҲŴ򣬵ڸһ磬ǲҴġ¶ģλȥͺúʸϵĴ١
ӵصϣȻַ濪ʼ
еʵ˵ĺ֮㲦ҷˡ
Ǹǳĸоֻһӯ֮ǻӣ̼鲼֫е˫΢΢飬ʼ
ֽһ˻
֣Ƶϡ
Ǹݲɣˣཫȥʱ̲סʣֵܻ𣿡
ɹ÷ڵ΢΢죬˼شԣ϶Ǹġشʱһڡ
ϵũǰԼʵҲֵܻء
մմϲҪˡ
񣬼̶Ͽޣã
ǸʦҴ·ǳƽͣΪǸֵػŴ
աе˼Ӵ͡
ƣЩ˼飺Һˡ
ԱߵѾصȥˡ
ͷаѾˡ
ᣬȴ㹻̨ʱһȻ˵ʲôİһʮʮ٣˲ͽѾа´
ǰһʱ𣿡
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