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ֻʵŮ˺
: ʯ
:
һͨͨĴߣֶ̥ûֹڻңҲǣǳȫ
ǡ
λŹֲŮɫĻʵֶۣԷǸŮˣ
ȻȻͳΪ˻ʺ
ʲôãԵúã˯úã˵ֺ˲ţÿ찴ʱ޴򿨵ĻʵҲҲ̫˵㡭
ʺˣ
˭λ͸˭

ϳؾػ˶ʮ꣬ȵ۵ԸѹУֱĳص˴
ݱǩ ͢ ж ֮ Ůװ
ؼ֣ǣϳ  ǣ  .
һ仰飺ҳ˻ʺ
⣺Ŵ˶ԶԼ
ƷһͨͨĴߣλŹֲŮɫĻʵֶۣԷǸŮˣΪϳؾػ˶ʮ꣬ȵ۵ԸѹУֱĳصͻȻ
ķɻãıϸ,趨ңö߲ڴľ鷢չ


1 
ʢ꣬´ʱ
֦ҶѿҲɴЩ⣬²
Խĵʮ꣬ԲƵģԺӵǧϣ̧߳ͷޱ޼ʵεա
۵СһһĻζš
۾գգ潿ģɷǿɰ
ֻĥ뷨潿ɰû˿Ĺϵ
˼ţҸʲôֶӡ
Ϊһʱֽܹ˼ִ꣬˵㣬Ҳ㹻˽ء
ϾѧӢʷѧѧģɼȫеһڶ֣ٸʱ䣬˵ܳһ廪Ǳأ
ֻϧˡ
ʮ꣬ûеȵְ࣬ĳƻ豻Ƽʻ˵ϵײ
ʧȥʶǰѪģѪص˼Ҿ
ҲֻᣬڵסԼ˫ۡ
һ̣кܶܶ뷨кܶܶź
ûüѹҲ˫ۡ
Ȼ˴ѹةҸսС㣬žš
¶Ѿϱӡ
Ҳֻ
ֹ۵ûоãܿͽݣ˳Ƴ˸Ƚϴֳĵĺͯ
Ҳûʲô־ٸһӣǾҪڵĻš
ֱǰ»ʵǻ
Ϊʢ
ŷ֣ԼǴˣһǰոտ꣬Ҽ˵С˵
һΪӽǵС˵С˵
־ǻʵ۲٣үĺһ̳ˡǾǼʮѡͷҫ۵̡
ôһֱдǻҲûʲô
ǣںѡɱѪ·ۿžҪΪ̫ӣȴƫƫѡŮ˼
ȤǣŮɻ鵱գʵߵŮΪŮ˴ָǻʵ۵ףŮеıŰùá
ҪֻҲûʲô
⻹ƫƫд˻ʵŮֶµĺٻػʹֳһεĵ

гɻһжǻʵ۵ıŮֻǹˡ
ǼۣԻʵ۵ӽдƪССģֽıƶʳġ
ȻûˣֱӴԽеĴѹ
չнʮʮʱ䣬ߵƣƺʱҲӲκá
ûʲô־ҲûʲôҰģ˵ϱӻŬƴôѧʲôģⱲӣֻϧ֮׵ĵڶ
ȷԼҴլԺÿ˶ƽȹо󣬸ɴͷκε
һֵ㡣
ҲͶ˸̥ϼҴҵ󣬶ΨһĵŮĸĸ׺òգ鷨ûʱʲôСŮĴս
˵㣬Ͼ˶ܻЩ
ȢĵǶֶΣλ岮ҲӣҲֲʲô¡
Ҫǣòڵĸô࣬ʲôĸֲ̰̰ġӡ
ȷԼǳɹ
ˣ쵽ҲòȻﳤ˵Ҫ꣬Ҳ͵͵ͷɾ
ȶʲôĿǷˡ
һ֣ҡϰ꽫ֽڸĬĬĶ̾˿
ʮꡣ
ֻǸδĺӰ
Сô̾ˣղȰ˵̾岻𣿡Ѿ̺ɱ˵߽¶õȲ͵ǰ
ǾЩˡû취˵еĿƣֻܽӹˮһڣѹͻȻ뵽Щʲô΢ڼ˵ǲҪţ
ǣ¼Ƽҵļλ˴ԺͬȥСʹǽõĶȻҪһͬǰȥġѾߴ񹧾Ŀڻشš
⻰ֱӴҡϱ°ں˵ҼʦǰЩӻ˵⼸ȥ²أҼǵСڸö˳һ̡ȻȹʦԶΣɾҪΥԼˡ죬ȥΪʰЩŵ
ɿ˵Ƿǳֳˡ
ϾϺҲȷʵȥ²裬û˵ʲôʱˡ
ǵøи֣ȿһٽϺǡԵĻʱھǸţüгʡ
Ӿˡ
ֱѰɽˮƫƧĵطԼ֣һأ˭Ҳ֪ͷжڿ֡
ٹʮʮ꣬Եõ˵ݻȥ
˳صװÿһ㣬Ͳʲô⡣
˵ҲŹʦƺŵϺʱͳ꽻ȻûкʵĽڣ˵ֹ»õԵĶ
ҲԷ𷨸Ϻ˵¡
Էֻһ仰ڤڤ֮⣬ӷ𡯡
治ϺУ⻰˵֮ʲôû˵ȴֺʲô˵ĸоúúѧѧʮ˵õϡ
ΪʲôҪҸִš
ǵȻΪϲ˰
ϱӱ㿼廪߱ٸ˺ú̸̸⣬ϧûеȵǸᡣ
Ⱳӣǲܵġ
۰ܻŷ硯顣
˵Ǳϻξıڲ֪ãһ㣬ҩ
鲢ʲôҪ顣
Ȼ͹ŴЩǽελǻӱСǣҪԸ¶ϣһ𷨸ΪԹǽ֪Ĵʦ
뵽⣬첽ǰԺȥ
ǰ


2 
磡ʦǰȥ²裬ԼĸǱѾ֪ˣ˳һ̿ɺãԼҶǰԼǸżѾߣ˵Ƿǳֱ׳ûаֵĿ
֪ʲôģҲѾӸŹȥ
Ȼĥĥ䣬Ǳ߶߶ÿٶһ䣬¾Ͳ¶硣
ȻҪǣһҲȥ𣬵ʱʲôҪţҶɾҲȥʵؿˣ
׿ȻҡŵӺϣϸĵֱֱǰ·СЦЦ̧־Դ˵ѽȥ档̻ͬ˵ˣ
õӵǴСû,ǰȥͷ档
˵ʿܴȻڵһһ׵ġ
˵ˣ˵˵ġСװһһصԴĿǳ¿ڴ
״׿ȻҲûٶ˵ʲôֻǷԸԸŵСȥͬǻظ
ϾСѾͷҲǰƵģ֮ǰûƭȺֵܴ棬˵ͬˣʵֻѾߴ
Щ㲻ʲôص£ˣҲǨš඼ѵϼ䣬ٷҳ顣
׿ȻӦͬУȻÿȫһЩ
ÿ¶ȥס죬ʦ˽Ҳ֪һ˳Ҳ󰭡
ֻǵ׻ǵø˵ĴȥѰС
׿ȻѾԸ꣬æǲǰûԼԴϵȣ˵߰߰ɣٲ̣ǰ˰¡
ڵʱɲ࣬취⼸ȥֿ
ɶҺˡ
ʦ˾Եּˣ㣬ĳʵ
׿ȻҡͷͬʱʾС˸Ͻȥ׺νóŻǵġ
аŻȥСôһҲ걸š
˳ﵽĿĵõĲˣһһ磬Ŀˡ
־Ȥ˵
ȵةฮŰôɵĴҹ㡣
˳΢Ĵ磬Ҳҡҡλεˡ
ȫȻûвǰĻá
˵ҲΡ
һϹ¹ˮһδ꣬Ȼ
Ŵֲ̫ˣֻȥ֪Ǹʲôо
žͻɢˡ
ҡεĳ̶ȣֻϱ԰ĺ֮ȡ
𣿡Ե̺ɣ˫۽գþǴһ㡣
̺ɶԼСһ͸˻ƵģѾ˽ⲻŵСɹȡһŻ÷СС
ЩƿСӣһۣشûء
ôðŻ÷ţͳһ˿۾ϣڣһۣٻҡ
ʲôֻҪ˯ţͲκεĸоߵÿȱĵϣܹûйϵ
ͷɵĺ˵硣
ѹʱѾ˳ﰲǰ
ʱ÷ǳ׼⼸꼸ʮεľۻ
ã׿Ȼɽͷڵ
չŻǱһĹͷæӦ𣺡أ
ÿӣֱӾͱȥ
״ϵ׿ȻüͷЩĪҪżô죡
õģ´һɵĵ˵ͷ˵ɫˣȥСȻˣҹ·ɲߡЩŶעⰲȫ
׿ȻҲ֪·ߣҲû뿪Ƕ˼䣬˸Сߣٽؼʱٹȥ
Щ̤Ϧȥ
ĿֳӰʧּ䣬ʲôţתȥ
·ɨصСУݶשߵϺУĴк
ڵþ͸ڼƵġ
Fôѽʦأĳڴ¶ľȶСͷ첽˹ȥ
ͬʱʾߵǼѾȥ
ӷ𣬾ʩʦȥɽҩˣԼĪղŻ˫ĿյСԼ壬ͷҲأŵľɣһһ¡
СԻиţ˵ҿ𣿡
ȻΪʩŵġСлشòľ顣
ȹ£СԲÿ̫ԴЦŶȤ֪Ҫ
Ҳ֪֪Сб߻ش𣬱еľ㣬˵ʩһͬա
úúãգСĵν
û򵽣ϵĲ˲١
˵ľˣ
ʩѣˡ
͵Ĵ˯
ǰľżͬСŵСУû¶κεı顣
ǳȻվּոŵ˳ְСҲӹӭ϶Է˫峺ˮ˵ҮԷ֪µիֵʦǻʦ
յİ£ͬҲһƽ
£ͨϼŲ¶Уƽֳ֮⡣
ա
ɫ΢
˹滮˽յг̡
ϴֳ˼ڵͷһȺѾС˵ȥʦǾоȾһȾԵա
Ը꣬ŻĲӹʦԺɽС·һСɽͷϵ֡
·Զô㣬ҲѲ
ɽˡ
ȻҲǴôֱȥ׼ȫװ
˸װĺ«ϲŸҩԱʱ֮裬ԼСʲôǿ϶Ҫеġ
Ҫǡ
ϱǿֵڴֻǼﳤȥѧ˭֪ô㣬ݽȰȥμӹʱ
ʩ
ſֵĽŲ߽Ժӣ͸ĳմʦӭײ

һʱЩ
մʦϺѽʵ·ܿ͵沿飬Цż˵Ҳ֪ģҸط˵Զֲȥ
ϺǸȤˡ
˵Եİδ֪Լָӡ
ԼܴԽϺЩһҲ
ҲڶԷǰԼ뷨ûҪ
ӷڤڤ֮жʩѾǾȥաɽ·᫣·ϸŽ¡Ųµĳմʦ˵߱ȥ
״Ц˵ˣ֮ǰһ
˵ֺּ꣬ĲɽС·ķȥ
͸ʦ˵һ
ɽ·ǳ᫡
ź׾ƫԭĵ·
вҲУƻûжĳ롣
ֻϧ
칫
ŵʱƺȻˣ
û׼ӦԷ
ټִѧʱܴ£ڣΧûеطûġ
侲ıǱұĵط
ͻȻ
²˸̫һеĶ
Ĳݵͷȥ
Ǹˣ
æ̧ţֲȵԷطͣѪˮ


3 
״æջԼһСմѪĽѾͼسȹڸԼڶԷ˿ϵССٶ
治ǹġ
ô󣬲ôߣߵҲҴææ˸Ҳûְ
ۿԽԽۺѹѹ죬ֵͷǲ֪ǻˣĬƬ̣Ͷӡ
ô˵һÿ춼вٵȴƫƫ
˵Ե֡
Եһʤ߼
㵱õδʦҲĳȾˣܻžˣˣܴ־ʹְա
Է̲ʺѪĬĬ̾˿Ҳôڱ˵ϣлᡭ
Ҳŵġ
ûټԥƳ۶ԷϺüǵ˲²ѪĵطֱֽǸڵԴ
ţһ
⡭
Ҳδ̫ÿ˰ɣ
ÿԼǲδİ׺ǰɱϱӵЩǺÿˣȻźᣬ˫üȴƽ˼Ӣ
ͨزݶﶼڸǲס
ڴѹŸ֮һǴ´ࡣ
λǵȻҴ˧ǿǹְµġҪڵŵλ⣬Ϊװãһ˾ġ
ѸٽԺ߰뷨׿ʱٺ˼룬µλɶѾˡ
˼Ƭ̣ѧС˵Ӿָ̽ڶԷ¡

ܿ죬־΢΢˻
Ҳ֪̫ǱʲôԭûиֵܵϢѵûü
վ־׷̫á
һԷֻϢ΢˵㣬ԭﰤһûˡǿ¾Լˡ
Ưͣ˼ǲôڻĽҰ𡣾ϲŮˣҲȥ乲ͬ
ʹһϱѧļ֪ʶ
ڲο̽ϢʧܺҲûȥǿԷ۾ôмĲܴû취ֱġ
Է˿ѹѹ
ѪѪͦʣӦáû
ѧƺʾһ鼱Ȳѧٴ֣ڶԷĲϰȥ
ɹˡ
Ȼţ˵һ¡
͵˿ûţȻôãһεˣҲ}ûš
£
۵ԱԼҪߴٵˣվӣ˴֡
Ѿţֲ֮СˤǻԲѵߣŰѶԷ
ΪΪĸװỨƿľٶ壬ȻС壬˿Ѷȿɲ͡
뱳űѰűĵطʱ
Դˤ˺üµ˫ֻۣģĿǲͣԼԴİӣֻ˹ȥ
һУûκεĲ
ǳŬбǱɽͻȻ뵽ĵˡ
ƺˣ̫ȫأ
Ѹѹеľţȶˣڰ˶Ҳһ£ҲΥⱲúûŵ
ԷӣʱҲ˺Ǻ˻ǻ˶ʱҲû취ֱ档Ⱦ£ʣµȻȥٸϺнһ¡ʵڲеĻҲǸİ취
뵽⣬ͣǵĶƾļʹ·Һܿ˵ҵ˸ɽ
Ÿ߽ȥͿ˶ͣĺۼ
϶ѻŸɿݵ֦ҶֻǶ˺һңҲ֪Ƕ֮ǰ顣
ɱ˱ԼλĿˡ
Ѹٷ±ŵˣʹļ󣬴ԼӦɰͳ˴ʯ
Ĺ̲̫ס
ɣϸɿݵҶСҲô
һϵ·ϻŸ˻Բѵˣ෽£Ҳ˺·Ĵ㡣šһˮȡ˸ůٴζĳ֪ӵǰ
ǻͣɫƺӺɺڵѪҺüͷһ壬о鲢򵥡
յӾС˵Ĺ϶˶
˵˿ѪôͣɱûʧѪô
ס
Ϊļһһ˿ڣڹߣֱӾ˺Է·ôҲǸ£׿˿ڣٵС˵رĽҩһ㣬ӦֹѪɣ
˵ɾ͸ɣǴԿ˿ڴСѸپͰԷϵС˿ڡ
ַԸλ̵ѧĴǲߣϵĽǾѧһ£ѧ¡
Щ㿪ʼǿԷ·
û취ظ˿ڶ·ˣǿ˾Ϳ϶·˿һ𣬵ʱѰ졣
νŮ£ûôࡣ
Ƽʱ꣬˭ûӵأǰ㣬СӰ͵͵˲١
ȻŰţ̫Ծ
·ǿ֮
ôؿڻŲֺֽصĲ

Ǵ˵еŮװ
ϱӵЩŪ˵ȣȫûпɱԣ
߾̾Ѹٽ⿪ǲأеĹ˼ҲࡣŮӣʲôأ
˵СãĻͦİ֪ĻΪǸأ
غƳǼСȷʵڵĻȣѸٸ˲㲼ȥĬĬͷԼСá
λ֪ǽ㻹õŮӣӪǺܺá
ûٵʱ䣬ǵ˼ҶƬ˿ڣͳװ׿ĺ«С˿ϵȥ
ޡ
ƾûУˮҲûУҲֻ׿ȳһ塣
ʱ˫յŮ͵˫ۣѸٿź«ҵˮ֣Ŀ㳯ȥ


4 
Ǻˣ
ǴʮСһ㣬αװҪûؿǲĹأ治ǸŮӡ
ۿŶԷԽԽΣա
æ˵ˣ𶯣ڸ˿ڡ
⻰ŵŮ΢䣬һ㲼ؿڣĿ⽥ް
֡
ȴǱŮǵ뼱еĻ
Ҽ˿ڰɣһ˽ҩѪôȥɲаͦļġ
Ĳ뿴ԼòײŰ뱳ϴɽžȻľôûˡ
˵ʵԷ׵þǴӵظƵģټѪͣðٶȣ˵ġ
һ뵽ǰС㻹ŶŴɰͷͳ˸šաֵĴƿ˵жˣȳŽⶾѹһѹ
νĽⶾûã̫
С˵ˣṦܷҩֹѪϺнĽⶾӦҲõİɣ
ڵϵŮ˿ƿϵ֣ɿקŮ֣ӹƿӣźۼƿҩζȷΪմʦƺѸٳš
Ÿ£;ҿ
ԭûѪɫɷףѣθҲϮŴԡ
Ѹٵ˼ϵѨλά־
ѪѪˣ·Ⱦ˴룬˵ˣɵϵСǲ벻ֱǰ˶ϡ
Ȼ⻹ҪֲĻ档
ǶѾϱǿ̵ˣⱲӻûô׳ۿµĻأ
ŮƳŮǻ޴ģѸץסԷǴˮ«ͣ˵ްȡ
¡
˿ھ͹ͣסѪԭ˿ȴѸϺɫޱȡ
Ǿ̾ĿǰĲѧ棬Ѿϱѧҽ֪ʶķΧˣ˵ӵй硣
ĬĬ룬ȣ⿪ǰѰСϵذס
ͬʱ˵⡭˿ڶѾãĻظȾ˷纮аͲˣһҽͷ˵Ȼ̹ذ׸õø죬ҪҪһԣ
ذףò˲󣬻ĵĿɫ԰׵С㣬ȴŶԷĻش
ûоƾû޾ߣҲֻܽˡ
ʵϣҲûס
ӾС˵ﶼôݵģ˵ĻڵϣΨһԼҲܻǰɣ
Ů˫˫Σſ˵ɡ
ǡҾˣܻеʹҪ̲סͺҲԵġɽӶҲҲû˻ǧҪΣʹǺ顭
߶߶˵˲ٵĻԼ֪Լ˵ʲô
ֱǹذѾȴŲ˲ͷĺ˵ҿʼˡ
šŮ˾ǰڽŵŮЩ룬ûж˵Щʲô
֣ôһһ
㣬ʹĻͽг
һԲĶܾûƣֿµġ
ްŮ˵Ļشô򵥡

˵˶ô˵ˣҲֻܼõȥǵöûεС
ò˵ɡ
ֲҲôӲһûпԵСдСС˿ڡ
ԵǰλСǿ
«ﻹʣһˮŵĺСǲ԰ָɵƤĴæѺ«ݹȥ˵ȵˮһ£ˮǸɾģտϸװġ
⻰Ůҡҡͷ«ƻǰ
Ҳûȥ˵С㿴žŮǿ˵ӣȻȣͺ¡
һڹºҲûʲôо
˲ͷĺˮоϵʪ·еͿ˵С㣬ȿȣҵ˼ǣǰ·ɡȻ壬ɾ鷳ˡ
Ůûоܾ·˴룬Ҳûмϵ塣
ѵֻʣ¶Ƕհ·֦ڻԣһͷͿǰһϢСŴء

뵽⣬æܹȥ˵С㣬ûأ
ӡ
ЩãȻôԷͻȻǸŮӰССĻ
ҹӡ
ŮƳһۡ

ðɣӡ
֪˵ʲôС㿪ľͺãС㻹ǹӶʲô⡣
ŶԷ΢΢ֱ֣ӽӹǹز˵ɣȵһ£Ұĵط˺ٺһ£òȾ
ϸܱġ
˶ȻˣҲװ
ŮûпڣֻĬĬɿǽקŹز֣͵ԷĬˡ
˵Ҳ֡
С㿴ͺܰ
¶ϰüûŮӵİɬСšŮ
ܿ죬ͰֳֺĹزɣҲ˼˧Сŵôá
Էʵʵ˳Ҳ˿ڹŷֹѪ
Щ˻Ϣ
Ҳ֪Ҫ¶ã̫ùˡֲϺϸŽ£˵Ԥϵҵĵùˡ̲סֹû취յĶ¶оԷϢ
֦һ»
˵ͣˣҲ֪ܲҵɽϵ·ҵıһͣˡС㣬ȣҲÿЩɾĲȻаò˶þͻġɽи˵𣿹ʦ˾סͷģ˵ҽоͣǾ͹ȥɡ
˲֪ã·ɡ
ԼⱲҪ˵ĻҪ˵ˣλŮӲǷܵĶš˼ɶǲֻԼһˡ
ǽɵ·ݸߣڰԷ·ѯʱܾ󣬱ҲԹԵĻ·
룬Ҳˡ
òٴμѨĿ֦Ҷǽڼ𾢣ļ
ŵæͷȥ
Ⱦȼ٣𷣡
ֻǺѹѹĴƬ˶ŴλŮ¹ֻվš
߳
лϤĴ硣
˲䣬ɵˣˣǽҲȥ


5 
ܲ¹
λŮװ˿ڸⶼһԵйֲ²⣬еĲ²ͷûлʵһѡ
Ҫ֪λĿλŮɫŹֵĻʵֱۣС˵ᶼɽƿŻȨ
ѹΪȻʼԼΨһĺӣȡΪϳ
һˣճ
ǵǱС˵ĿͷǲصȻʼݱǰϳ֣һ仰
ģҲֻġ
ǵлʵŹֲϲκ˽ӽԼҲǵûʵź̫๬Ůһһ磬ǵҹʵŵ޹ǵûʵ治ɫֱӾͰνɱ԰мٽϵɡ
ʱ̫ΪʲôīЩ飬ҲֻΪǵֻʵȨϸĳнá
ֱ죬ס
ʵϳǸŮˣƽ˵㣬˵㣬˵㣬ҲǸŮģ
߸ûⰵдԻʵ۵д˸òΪᡯ⣬Ǹ˽ӽͿʼıģ
Űܲ
Ҫ֪ʵԶԶС˵дĻҪпᡣ
һĹŮٶʶвֵ̫Щͷݶñˡ̶ʱ䣬ʣµĲɻǹŮ̫࣬ȫַ֣ʵ۶ԶͶԶ
ֻͼӴһ»ʵ۶

ײƻʵʵԱлȥ
ֻͷҪˣǺĳľ˸ˣôǣԼ
İš
ά侲ɫɷףɫҲǾȾӶࡣŲ̫쳣ı֣Ȼ»øʹࡣ
ɡϳ鵭Ŀſڡ
ǰѰļλȺ׷ȿֺѯʵ۵ƣÿ˿еѯʴʾ䶼ͬ
ǵ
ȴһ˸ҿʵۣǰͣµļٶ
ϳ˵Ͼ䡮롯־˷ޱĿųǲ֪ż漸ּٵıݡ
ܿ죬ǵǼе׷С
ʵôţӵĶ֪ʵǲˣ˭ټ
˸ҡ
ãڴˣ׿ЩȵĿŶѸٵĳŻʵع¡
ڼ˵֪棬֪ݣǶð΢н̵Ҳ¿𷣣뷣΢ϡ
֪ԼҴ취ԼһԷæʧģŵƵԶĻʵۺ󣬵ͷŵǶɢĿ֦Ҷ
ѻȼţʱһһĹȥԽԽ䣬ò׺ɵ·б亹ٴδʪơ
ʵôһԲǸʲô˼
ô˵иʾɣ
𷣻ǿˡʹ죡
Ĭµĥ
Ҳ֪˶á
ϳջضߣǰ΢΢̧֣ͬʱڵȥ¡
¡
Ѹٳϳǰϥ򣬹˫𳤽
ϳӹŽ֧ţɫ԰׵ҡҡλεվ
˰վȡ
΢΢ü˼Ƭ̣ųŰٴ΢΢̧֡
յָʾİѸʵ£ϵﶼһֻòΪƽѵ
첽ǰ˻ʵۡ
ϳŰ֧ǰ˼ͻȻʲôһ˵Ҳϡ
ֶ׿ķ˵߰ա
ʱĴ겻ͬƻƵĺɫ΢⣬Ҳһ˿ĺ⡣
ƺƵȺصɽֻ·ϡ졣
·
ҳһŵǱȺ
׿վԣʱʱ񰲸ҪԼҪظǰ¡
뷨£ܾ··ʱҪĶࡣ
߲֪ãһ֧֮ǰġ˰¡
ǵģġ
ʵϮɲ©飬Ȼǵñܿǡ
Ȼʵ۽ȥҲ϶Ҫ
ǰյϢĳմʦæϳȥ˿ڡ
׿ǴʾڵĬѸðԼҾͻؿͷ
ôɽ˱£
׿ѯʣ̧ͷ˵ҾߣȻ˸˵ġ
ŮװĻʵۣ
׿üͷԼŲ԰ûƽСҲ֪϶ǶԷ̰棬ڵҲգԵĲᣬ֮򲻿ɶ𣬽С𣿡
⻰õҩƮƮԴ
ĸҶ˵
޲ԼϹģģƵģٻŵĻȽϴһ㡣
׿ȻģڵЩԣҲ֪µòУڰĪ̫࣬˷ЩЪϢ²ǰ㲻
ͣƬ̡
ϾĴҲƾն׫ʵòʵ
ܿ죬ͼ˵ǷǷ޴̫š

ͣ˰ɣ˵ؼʱͣ٣
øˡ
ңдشʹڣֵǸŮˣ
ˣͷ۰ͰͿԼһ˵û˿Ĵ硣
ͼٵõЩɸֵο塣
ڴķʵ𣿡


6 
Ȼҿкƭ㣿
׿ɫģֽ̧÷ǼƬ֦Ҷժ£ּԷ°ȫֿúܣ̲סЩڣ¶ֳڣҷſĪȥˡҲˣȥϴһ£ЪϢ
˵ͷĻǻŵòУҲ֪Լڹ¾ս˵һԾŶ϶ŵùġ
Ȼ
嶼ŬҲû̫ЧǰĳպܳŮ˵ûûˡʵۿɲô롣
ôŬģԼ֮׵ĵڶҪģһ汣סͬϱôʹС
뵽⣬ƽ˲٣شˣҲЩЪϢ
Сһү̺ɻ˵ֹסˣ׿˸񣬺ͷѾ״Ҳæ
ǵ˴նԼС㣬еĺҲûô𰸡
ۿ춼ˣɶļòء
ǰĵûʵĴүֹļ»Ļŵúܡ
׿Ѿ˰֣˵Щʲô뵽þµ飬˵̰ںɽߵԶЩ·ҡ˵ҲʮˣСﶼȣҪǺãȥÿ˶ȥԺӡ
ֿڣ㣬̰Ҳ֪Щִ磬ȥɽι滹ιߣȥҺú÷ʡһ¡
˵꣬Ҳûٷϻתˡ
С㡣ԼС㣬ԷʧǺ㲵ӣΪǰ˴үһ·ѵ⣬Ȱ㿪ڼ˵Ȼﻻ·ɣүֻͷϣŶûֱӷˣ͸ϡ
Ĭĵ˵ͷǹɵ˳ŴĲ۶Է˵ЩʲôͷŶþǸûľ²ޡ
ѾǼˣ׷˵˻ͼԼС㿪ġ
ϧעֻʧܡ
򵥻·ϴ˸ˮٳիɵ˴ϣҰʾΧŵѾǶ¡
ֻʣһˣҲȫ
̾˿
˫ۿǰĺڰǳ˼һ»ʵۻ᲻ɰɱ
ϸ롣
־ûбҪ
λʵۿɲֹ˼ʲôҵˣҪڣε߾ˣҪô鷳

ðɣҲʱˣε治һֱߣܻҪͱ¡
ôʵкܶ취ġ
ԷҲͷһθ£ʵûҪ͵͵ɸ
ţ֪˯ˡ
Ÿȥɽ꣬˳һи˿ڣȷʵƣòСټ֪ʵ۵ʵԱ𣬾Сգŵ˼ޡ
Ҳ֪Ĵ󣬻Եʲôԭ
һȻ˯øĺá
ٴۣǱͷߴߴиͣòѡ
˯˸þԭ黹ǲģ˸һиۡܿӾС˵εǣС顭
ʱǿľǵ˹ȵס
͵ƿӣٴЬӡ
˵˹һҲҪģܼžõͷ
ǣȥһ³մʦ
ԵĲᣬΪʦϺпɱ治Сδ֪ǿ϶Ǳرģʲôĸ׼֮׼ǴӲ׿ڰա
ȥʡ
ԼܲܰùҲøԼͷ
Ҫǰȥ
Ǿ͸óԳԣúȺȣ˯˯
óԵĺúȵģúԼʱ⡣
˵ɾ͸ɡ
ڻѾǽڴһķϴٳԹû緹һȺ˳š
Ҳôˡ
û취ѵѾǶҵ˳ģͲоݵҪˡ
ȻѰҹʦǰʹʦ֪մʦնпղҾԼסԺŴѾ̴ǰ
ûմʦԺӡ
Ѿ̴ǶԭصţԭǡĪҪ̫˾Źʦ
һλѡҲͦԺԶܿմʦԺӴš
ѾҲû취ԼСĻټϳմʦ徲Ҳ̴ӽȥҲֻܴӦ
ݻɵ˿СſǰŸ飬רĿŵ档
ȥʸ
ûأŷСо˵ˡ
ӷʦ棬ʩԱ㡣
Ҳ˾䡮ȽȥʦֱԽϰҵĹͷСС
̤Ժӡ
ͿڷɹŲҩĳմʦ
첽ǰѸٶϺԣ߰æǴֲɹŵİɲҩ߿˵ʦѽ
ʩʱѾˡմʦûͣ·ҩ֣ЦŻش
Ҳ֪к
ҲȦӣϺбͲͨˣָ֪Ϊζֱɤӣ˵ȿȣʵҽ¡Ҳ֪ѰʱӸʮʮ꣬ЩҿΪ³òУԵ֪ǰδֶӵܲܳɣ
ܳɣɲʹܻ
ϾҪȥֶҲһܽ顣
˵ˣͨǱС˵֪ʵȺжǿֻҪ룬ֱ޴ڣ˵ԺӾͱΧأ
ⷬѯϺУҲ˵
һĶˡ
ϣٶ£
Ҳ֪Լ뷨̫棬Դ˲ûбϣֻǹĨѯϺԼܻܲŵְˡ
⻰մʦͣеĶЦ˵ӷ𣬴ʱ죬ʩ֪

ܲܺú˵ЩòָĪĻ
ǲԸԼȲǸʱ
ΪԼ˵òֱס
ٴο˵±ҲᡣʦҲ֪֮ף޴־Ҳûʲô뷨ŻԵֹⱲӡܾòʲôġǲǵúЩҩɻܰȻ֮ʱ
ͬʱ
ڴϿǾϳͶ˺űһֽľͷ˼


7 
մʦջߣɹڴֲϵİɲҩ˵Ǹúȣ󣬿ǻаܷ纮ͷҼЩҩÿ͹ȥϼǺõġ
⻰ɵĵͷšּ۰Ͱ͵ĶϺУڴĿѯʣǡҿɻܻޣ
ֻôССԸˡ
մʦѸٷҩվתѻŸɲҩļȥ
ҩݣֽŰãһ
ЩŽҩݸվԼЦݺͰִĿ˵ӷʩЩҩɡ

Ц΢΢Ӳ˼شǾѾа嵽ͷ
зǳֵɱŻɡ
ϾϺеЦݻ׼ȷı˼أ
Ŷá
ȰʵʵĴӳմʦӹҩл
ʦǹʦ
ϱ˵þͺܺãͷԽͺԽǿͲӦͼǿߵ׻
ʩʲôʵ𣿡մʦڲҩϵǴ飬ºǺȻʲôֽ̧ݵǰ˵ڤڤ֮⣬𰸡
ǰǴͦոִŨζӣоΪ׼
Ҫ֪Ϻгõķɲӡ
ڣ˼ǣԸիȻ
Ǳʲô
ǿ߶Իôļѣֻһ̲ŻȻ򡪡ԭô˼
ĬĬ̾˿˫ʮϣųմʦ΢΢ϵ˵лʦָ㣬Ȼǲ򣬵Ѿȫµ뷨λξ壬ԵľͲᣬȡʮţʱ»Ը
ϺзҪĬ
ҲҲֻĬĬһո֡
ʩľͺáմʦȻⷬ龫ֵĻЦżмЩҩĪҪˡ
ֹУ
ҩ֣Ͷδ֮ԡ
Ϻûǰôɰˣʶô꣬Ȼȫ͸·ھȻ֪ôܰһ֡
ʵʲʲô齻ֱϣҩ
ͬʱ˵ˡʦҲעЩ壬üëҪˣҪһ͵͵һȥɽɲҩʲôģôʦֶһȫЩҿҴ˵ˣɽͷгߴأȻȥҩˣྡ
ȻȥˡȻָˣϺСս
һһġ
ɶϧˣָʲôʱ򣬾Ҳۡ
ʵʲôҲǺܵȻģȻҲʮŵļᶨ߲ûʲôìܵĵط
Ϻ˼Ļ̿뼱Ҳɢȥ١
ȡĻš
ͬʱҲҪֵĹ겻֪ж߶δӡ
ִҩŸ߳ԺţģþǵƵġ
ҲȥԼѾ͡
ǸСһ𣬶ԺſڣȺûаҵСơ
Сԭר־Զ˸˺󣬾ͽͶڶԷŵҩϡ
Сҽҩ֪ʶúܣֻǴԵĸʦѧЩֱҩġ
ڴ˵ϲͨҲ֪Ǽôܵ飬еѯţʩǲˣ
ûյģ˵ʲôλʩҺõúءŵ˵ţͬʱĳİ˿ʯͷǰе·
ת֪ȥδСϣõЦ
СüͷŵǿʯͷּԵĳ˵ʩĪҪ伲ҽЩȥҩաʦҽߣǲ
ѽѽ㣬ż꣬С˵ģˡ
СüͷǵԵģЦҩһ¶ÿʼСԴ
ٴȡ˿Сʯͷǰеĵ·ϣڼ˵㻹Ųģв
εСǲûбʯԻ˸·ּǰҵ·̡
См״ҲûȥֱֱֹͶ˫ЦȴĪ˵Ǿʩ֮ǰͬ˵˶Լûġ

û뵽ԼСеĻصԼϡ
ѵǴ˵еֻأ
תתӦԼϣ
õİɣ˵ǾǰɡǳνĻشţʯŪϡ
ԣûŹССвûдŹ޹
еģвһҪҩСб飬߼˵ǲҩ࣬ӱܡɾҩٿ࣬Ҳóԣҩôܺãҩ޷⡭
ʵڰСػַ߶Ϲ򣬿ɱϺҪǿöࡣ
һһ䡣
ӸľӸƹⶼֱӱĵˡ
Уˣͻȥҩ֣εվһ°ڣ;ԴеΡ
˺һŻ
ܶѧѸٵóǶݵȫԹѪ㣬顣
̧ڵһȵ̫ͶС˵ͷ̫ˣһͻԺĪҪˡ
õСйɵĻشųѾȺķȥ
һϣҲûܣ̿ϲˡ
صͷҲͲൽ˷㡣
ﻹ£θڲôã򵥳Щ׼Ъ
óԳԸúȺȸ˯˯档
ÿһ趼١
ڲİĴϣܿͳ˯С
˯òȡ
һ
۶þȫѹɽܵý
ſڻһѾߡ
˭֪˻гֻԼ

ˣϰҵ·õıӦ
ڴϣ˫ĶŴѾǽȻϺҩĻ
ԭûƭ
ȻҲв
ִˡ
ʵڲӦǿߣӦɴʦ
Ŀĵ˺ܶܶ࣬ʼû֮ǰԶζͣԼϳĴ⡣
ٴλ˯ȥʱ
ѾҲڲԼӵ쳣
˺üûӦ̽ͷֻϣǶһ̡
ִУſɲͨĲ
ŵѾæȥˡ
ⳡĺܼ
ϺиСжˣ˫˫ǰΪΡ
Ȼ׿ҲòеѾ˹ĿɲЩū澡
εĽҲֻһ
ĺأص˵û֡
صãɣʵûҪⳡȴ


8 
ҽƼûôѧôȽССĸð¶ɥ
Ȼ˵⻹ǱӵṦˮƯС˵
νҽѾ鵤ҩٶ࣬Ҳһֻ̤ܽظǶԷǡ
ΪֶûгֹСڻңûκεĹ⻷ֹ˵кܴĸ߹ʱ̡
ô̱Ƶһ
˭֪أԼûôġ
ϾػʮɶûصĲϱӵйôһΣסҽԺǴǳҩѪأ˸⣬һ²˳Ժ
ǻࡣ
ôһ롣
͸ˡ
Ϊʲôôء
ô꣬ɹ˻̫һһȣɲͳëˣ
ϱӿյô¶Ųס
Ϻ˵ʲôаʤģǵһһʹʾֶû
ʦʦһʮŵļᶨûͷϺиٴΰþʳĵĿ
Ҫͷ
ȻôȵǱ޽ҺҪµҩ
ʹˣ䲻ʹʩĪҪڣʡЩҩɡմʦջ֣ʾΪҴӡ
Щת׿ڵĲ顣
ٴα˾䡮ҩ޿ڴϣ˫Ưﶼ޾İˡ
Ҫǻ¶Ҳ
ԺϺ̸ϡϺƺ˵˾ûʱҩ

ȷʵû
ǲǽﾳ
ĳҩ⣬ϺоôˣȻҲ;ĬȤ
ȻɷҩԤĹЧ
ɾ֪ͯҩжѺȣ߻ôȥȡ
ͿʱȻſ˸ͷСС
СĶ˵ʩҩڣǧܲҩˡʦ˵ⳡЩأҪЩСľ̫࡭
Сһš
˼ãźҧҧ˵Са͵͵͸Ŷ

ǰСУЩЦãſشһᰴʱҩģɲҪ㱦棬Լ͵͵԰ɡ
ϧʵ̫С
ſڴͷСжֱ治˵Щʲô
ȻҾ͸㰾ҩʦҪôټС棬ӦòܿġСлһһֹţ飬ڣӷ𣬾ʩҪЩŶ
Կóĺܵƽϡ
Ǹж̽צӣͼһСеĹͷŸԽɹͱСñ͵ظס
ӭ˶Էĳȴ۵Ļ
ʩеģʱɲˣøǺñӲУȻа壬ʦܻø㻻ҩʱСеɾͲˡ
ЦõСиŵȲˣһҪĸСһҲ̫࣬óԻ
Ҫǲòˡ
ֻûԼãʵǱ߾ͳ֡
ҲԣôСıϺģǶ͵֣
úͿӶСе棬ʲôʱֻʣԼѾߣûв
ٴλعʱǰͶҪڲҪƲƵҩ
С㣬úҩˡĴ˵ó˸Сɹޣ˵FСʦ档
ֱҩ¶ȣٴοڣ̲䣬ڣͷȺҩЪϢɺã
˵ڵѯʵ
ʵϼѾ߸ûԼС뷨ǿǴӴүǶ˵ǱСҩȵøɸɾ
ǲԸֱӹ¡
ȻǶΪүôԾС㣬ʱҲǰȰȥա
ʵϣûаֲԸҩǸôϧˣ˲ôܲҩ
Ϻаܻⷽ
ôǶ֮俪ЦȤ鵱أ
ڴĲۿ̺ó˸СӷŽҩæ˰֡
ԭɢŹζҩ㹻ˡ
ٷŸһһڵֿµĥ
С㣬ү˵ˣҩúȡ
̺ɵĻĬĬְŴ룬̽Դʹ˺Ե
ɲǲҩ
Ǵ¸һ㣬ֱһꡣ
ѾǼԼСôϣҲԥСĶ̧롣
һҩûס³ζ̫ǿ붼뿴ֱӾıۡ
ȻҲûС档
ĬĬŴ˸С֡
ʦ治̰࣬ײҩԣҲֻܷ˵߰ССݽԼС
ǷǳǳСһ飬СŸճζûˡǻ֮ȥĿζֱҪԱա
Ʋֵɻشϣҩԣܿͻ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ǲʵǹأҩʹŴߵĹЧÿֻҪҩʱݵһ¡
ʱ䶼ڻجج˯жȹ
ܾԼʱѵģ˼ԼǻʵҪôָɾ䴦֪ˡ
۵ʱȴּ٣ٵⱲӶҪ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶졣
ôһգѹ˸Ѿǲ£ǵŵСӣȻ
Լ䡣
񿴵һλվڲԶ£Ķ

ȵȣǲǲ̫Ծ
ôж˵Ļʵ۶ָøûƵˣ˵ķһۿžҪݺ׶ߣ
û⣬ϵڵ·вòٴλ˯ȥ
ˣѾپγĿˡ
صĲҲû˿ĺתǻάѡ
ֻϡ֪ܶԼ˭ȥ⡣
Ժ䡣
˲ٵĴһһΪӰ
ʶЩɢԼڲҪҩҪϸĵ໤Ѫͨҽβⲡˡ
ô롣
ǷǳǿģֻҪǵߵҩһȥ
һֱš
ϱӵźû취ɣⱲҲûлûãҲûТ˳ź̫̫࡭
ǿʱ
һʥּ
ةฮϣʥּģ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ
׵ҾСΪ
ֻһġ

ҾС㶼صö׼ʼ׼ײģ˵˻ˡ
ǶڻɵҸҸֿûĶǻʺ֮λȥס˰յ졣
νһģ
ǣǧ˷ڻʵǰֻһͷصĽةǶûϲĴڵСѾͷɲʯͷӡ
ȻҲİþˡ
Ҫ֪СѾͷѾ˽һ࣬˵ЩڰµʱͲ̫ˡة̫ҽ˲٣Ҳ˿ת
һµʱ䶼¡
ƫȰòζΣȻǶġ
ģҲֻܵ


9 
ʥּ¶ûаϲʥּɲǸƵġ
˭һС㲡֮ʱյСô¡صʥּ
˵ҲõȲá
²źðա
ʥּ£Ҳֻˡ
ةǵʥּε̾˿ֽͶԶСŮ뷿Ⱥŵ̫ҽ̾˿˵ԵĶ˵棬ֻĲת
Ըá
̫̫Ҳ̾˿⼸ҲȥСģƽ｡õòеС˶ͱԴģأ
֪ˣҲȥ£СɽܣͲؾֿࡣ
ɴҴҴźʥּһ⻰æڰҿ̫ҽ˵գĸĪļλˣ̫ܻÿ¾͸ǲ
˵ֽ꣬ҪҪ̸ةະ鷿С
ǰЩصСӰ´أ˵ǾѾﲡ˺üգԵȴֻδᡣȻʱᵽؾȴ򰲳±Ųͣյ֮ţֻա
ʥּ˵ǵжСһġ
ӡ
ЩʱյòڹС
ĺȻ˽ģտڲ֮£⼸ڵңڰʱ
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ûͬةִ£ǸĻ˳ԵЩҪ¡
ܲ³Ȼ֪Ҳ˵
λʺ󣬿ɰŻʵ۵ƢԼĿǰҲǵȨ֮ߡˣҲŵʵʵҡ
Ŀǰ˵ȷˡ
͢α䶯벡ŵûжϵ
̫ҽܿϣΪʱѾ˸δʺݣĴ𰸱֮ǰҪģɣֻ˵ҪΣܲκãǰ䶼ûᡣ
ֻ֮ǰЩˮˮ̫ͬҽԺҩԡġ
ԺЩвΪ׼ŮҽҽֱУԱչŲص
ҩԡ룬ɻǸӣ˵ʵܻȫһڳš
ǲ
ǿĳȻ˫ۣץΪεŮҽĸ첲˵룬Կǣ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ൽоԼһߵҩ
ҵĹԶЩܳˡ
㲲ٵлѩһæ첽ܵ˴ߣŮǸûмģͬʱĺǰ㣬˵ҪЩࣿҲܳԵģĸ׸Щ࣬ζɺã
֪ӿ࣬ܲĸģǸſġ
ԼĸױϴʱŵĻҪæɲ٣˵ĸұǣҺܿͺˡ
ͷǵǵִȥ٣˯ֽ
ʵ˯ȥò˵ϻˣ˯ȥ˭֪ܲѹرǸոԼ˵ǼͺƵġ
뵽⣬άѣ˵Ҽǵ⼸ԺһҲҪˣĸΪժֻҲĪҪѾժЩҶһ֡
߶߶һѡ
Խ˵ԽңԼĸ׶ʼ̲סᡣ
òĬĬ졣
ԼǴŶɲٵķ飬ϺиСУСе棬ϵķ飬ԼĸЦ˵ΪͰСУ֮ǰǰԼ͵͵ŵ涼͸ѹ
Ÿ˵롣
Ҳ֪Ǵŷ̫ʣԵʲôϵķˡ
Ļлѩŵˡ
ˮǷŷɢǰ㣬һһεĵֱϡ
鵹ûأĸһᣬɰŵò壬ĴԶ͵ش˸顣
æڰοǷգĸĪ࣬ǰһµĴʦ֣ûԵ塣ĪҪ̫ˣ˾͵ˣʦָµģŶָŵġ
ˣˡ󷿵ѾŸªľӣҴææ˽СܵлѩǰҲûüֱӼڣǹʦķ飬˵С㣬˾仰˵þСúúҩ
һæĸ׵˵ƣ鲻ˣ
Ǻҩ
仰ûԵ˵ˣ
˵Ϻл񣡾ŵ飡ֵԸǲǾʵˣ
ϽҸϡ
лѩĨ˰ᣬָ΢΢Ǵ飬С֣صΪŮϣͬʱ˵ƽƽ˳˳
ûԵʲôԸֻźƽƽ
ɵڵĸ׻Ц˵ģĸ룬ʵֵġ
˵꣬Ĵ˸Ƿ
˯壬ô˯ȥϾѹ仰ߡ
ͻȻ뵽ǰײƻʵݵ飬̽˵ʲô·
˵ʵ
Ҫڻ˵ǲǻʵҩ˶ôһҲû취˵ĳ£Ͼ˲ܱܡ
Ҳ֪ԼΧ϶żʵ۵ˡ
˸ôܣﻹЩִģҪȫɣҲֻǰİ취Զû취˵ˡ
лѩŮѯɫЩӲŶԷ֪Щʲôʱ򣬺ܿ͵˱顣
ŮǱС֣˵ʲô֣޷ǾǰЩûʲôģ⾫ٺЩұô˵˵
аɣǵͬ˵Ŷٴδ˸ǷĳŲסˣ˵꣬Ϳĸ׵Ļۡ
лѩȴ˯ŶĽԷŻرУ뵽ǵʥּ΢΢üͷ
⼸ЩҲίʵЩмҲСǲٶŵ綩˻顣ͬԭǴ꣬Щ࿴Ҳ˭ֻ֪ȥ˰£˲
վкתɲپŶԷ
ʥּ飬ǧ˽Щ졣
Ժ顭
ҲõȲᣬҾ̫Ծĳ谮ŹȣҪȥ̫ͬƸʱ䡣
лѩ뷨´ϵСȫͬġ
ʵǡҲա
ǽûûֵСϢ¶ųοǲŵľأţš
Ӿһȥ
ķȷʵʮ㣬Ҳ̫ҽԺиĶηȷЧֻ־㹻ǿ
֮ÿʱ䶼𽥼ӳţҲ֮ǰ˲١
ˣҲϲЩҩԡģԼһһڲڻƲԶԶŵζĴȻҩ
θҲתЩӽĶ̫࣬Եζ̼ģ볢һ
룬ƫ̫ҽԼԺҽŮŲã˵൭˲θЩ̼ʳĶӰҩԡ
ʲôҲóԣ˵Ȼҩ㹻ˡ
ÿΨһͷǺҩССһŻûβָôǣľǳ˸ζ
˵ҲǾ֡
ƽ̫ҽǰÿͷỻϼסҽŮҲǶֶ֮࣬ҽӣַͲЩ̫ҽ
ɲԼô̫ҽ
ԭҸʱһĸףÿζǵãȻǿ˿ڱ㱻ĸ˵˻ţˡ
Ҳ£ָܻסСѾҵ飡ڹôʲô⡣
Ȼ˵
ҲԼЩԾ
ǰ̽ĳԼǣƺСӣ˵ַᣬоǸĲ
ҲӦð
˵Լ鶼תˣҲû֮ǰ¾һ졣ԼҩҲϼģôô̬û˿תأ
̫ˣĶͷѵ䶼ûУ
˵ʵֺµģܾԼǵʲôҲβõ缲ۿžӼݺȥˡ
оǻʵǱ߾ȻҲû˿Ķ
ûдҲûгԾûбκξٶɲǻʵ۵ĸеӣǵӵƢԡ
ѵôֻǾöֻ̤ײģʱݲ᣿
Ǿð弸Ծ´󼪣
ôܣ
ӵž֪ʶΪûôļ򵥣ݹʷελĶԲ֮д˶˵ҲǸͨʡ
Ƕ룬ԼڵλϣҲԲ֪ԼʵԱϡ
ɲǶҡȨôɡ
˼ö벻ʲôϴֽ̽ԼԻ˼䡣
ӭĳ˳ĬǳĬ
Ŵ˫ڻŵζʵˣ;ԼûмûƵġ
ʲЩʲôû취֪ʵ﾿ô롣
ɴֱӾͷ˼
Ǹδû취زأô̫ģɲڻָҲ岻ã
գŨҩζĴ󷿼ӭ˸ˣ֮Զ󽫾С㡣
ŵ˵³ǴСһִ߽ڵС顣
ͬǣСʱŸȥɹ⣬һȥֱ꣬ӳ˰ٲϻֹظ˸СְŮӢۡ
ةﳤۡ
ΪʲôĹٵĺӾ佫ĺ浽һǵȻΪ㹻á
ֻҪƯСޣϲ
ΪˣȺƯŮޣ˸µСȦӡ
ˣֻһˣЩûĵģңƽﶼˡڴͷװԹĿ˵š
ʵҲ֪ʱСһ˲ףο֮̽ˣҪͬ⣬ǵÿࡣ
ּСֹ鸴ӵģЦ˵ˣ˵Īң
öûеȵشЦѸתɾȣٴοڣǰɣң


10 
Ҹ˲ءطĬĬشŵһ⣬ڵڶ
ĸǧĪҪ˵©졣
ģܲô̼ǵʥּСҲ˵جΡ
ѽƿ⣡ֱĶŲԶӢޱȵСãڿԷĻرߣֱһ˵Щʲô󣬲Цżڣ˺ˣҶأңҲ󰭣㲻˵Ҳʾˡ
Ȼĺʢ
ҪС治Ը˵Ҳû취ѽ
⻰ط˿Ѿ߽е£ֱʾԼЩҪ̸̴ԼŮҽʱ¡
߲ɨݴλãĳķۡ
ֱһ˶ûС
ŻߵߣݵöͷС̾Ϣܿˡ
ЦŻش𣺡ֻҪţͲࡣ
ЦŵģʵĬĬ²ĳʵۡǵģɿ˹ط̧ͷ۵ߡ
ǰλСÿǵһȺûСݹٲӸϷģ书ΣǲԲ;ˡ
ڣСƺ
˻ʵ۵İ˭أ
㿪˵Щʲô뵽Сãѯʸ£תɣˣЩӿɰƻˣն˵˶ûСǶ¶˵ңҾĴƵġ
Ҳ㣬ֻЩʱӭֲ̫ͣ㡣طڴСϵ˱ˮζ󣬲ٵ˱ݸڴϵ
ӹɱһ˵ͲˣҲҪС
˵꣬ƺˮ
طȻû취˵ɣ̽кѱѣ˭úڲ֮ʱͳδĻʺأ
Ǽȡ⼸Щ¶ûа취
תȥϵжᵽ˴ߣЩҲŮҽܽӣҲ𿪡
ôУƷˡȻͷҲˣÿ˶׼ЩɢƱƽ
˵߶ѸٵĲ
ÿʲôҪϼ䣬ĳСбСɰ
ֻǿϧôЩȻûзݳԵġ
뵽⣬˵׼ЩʳҼᰵǺˣû׼أЩӺҩɿ໵Ҫ֪Ǻζ
ʳŶŮҽˣ㻹ţϣĪҪ̰졣
ط±˵߰·ŻغŻʱٴɨǿïʢĴ
˼Ƭ̣Ͷȵ֣˵㲡ãҽ㼸йΣ
Щʲô΢ƫһµıѾ㹻
ʺͬԵЩӵλɲͬӦⶨٳдǾ˵ģԽʱ䣬Խ
ţãȻӦһ
̫СôͻȻѧˣѵôûôأǿһ£
ҲӦѽ
ǵʱԷҲѯʹҪҪѧ䣬ʱͻС־ԼϱӵĿֵڶѾǿƽʱͨװװҪʱȭͺܿᡣ
ǣܾˡ
ȵǸӵṦˮƯ磬źĪ
ȻҲᣬһ˵ҲüǵжĹ٣϶ͬ飬Ҳֻܴͷ
仹ǻЩۼĿֵ֪
ϻӵ书С˵ȫ顣
һʲôӦǵˡ
ʱ䲻⣬˵е
ƺԼѾ˲Ӧǵˡ

ôѧ仹ü
գ۾Сõķ򣬺ֿĿѯʵɾ书Ϊʮɱһǧﲻеĸ𣿡
طûлشֱӷ񶨻˵СԳƴ顣
û٣ʵҿӰȥٺɻƺӶôṦ𣿡

طûа취شṦûиʮ깦ӵ˼ʮĹʹˣֽҲûô
ʵܺ档
Сôǳֵֹ뷨
Ҳѧˣۡ˸ǷĿ˵š룬ּ˵ʵû취̻ҰɣҪһʦ
ɹСһ䡮ЩЪϢ̽˫ʮϷڸ
ŴΪŮҽ
ڻ˵ʲôҩѿЩ𣿡
õ񶨵Ļش
֪꣬Сô׾ͱߣͲĬˡϺпѹǿôʤˡ
ʵϣ˹طֻŮҽ涨̽ʱѾˣٶܾͻŵòδδʺ
֮ÿ죬Сǿ͵ЩʳΪϴζԹطİʾ㹻ԣţš
Сûȵ
ȵһʥּ
ڲУ÷磬ҲûгȥӭӡյֻʣڲϵԼԵһλŮҽܻм֪ʲôطİ
ϻŸܡ
ǲܾǵʥּʮ֮.Լйء
뵽⣬ĿŮҽƵ˵ⲡܺò
С㲻̫࣬úõǡŮҽûӦõǴǾĥʽ𸴡
ûټڣҲúɾûǸأ
ܿ졣
ȥӭʥּѾŮҽǶˡ
ǽģиͺİ̫ࡣ
̫һţЦŶ˵ۼҾ̫ƾŹӹǺЩû̫ﻹ˵ˣⲡ˿ǧҪǵý˼˵˵
ãȻĿŲԶʼŮҽѯİֱ̫࣬Է뿪㲻Ƿʲô
ô̫Ҫˣ
ȵȡ
̫ɲǻʵ۵ĸ¿ûĸײ֪ӵԱεģ
ֱ̫ӳִ
ҲӦð
֣ɸ̫֪ͨǲǰͲ˶֪
ô붼벻ֱͨ׸ĸ߽ˣɫصվĴǰ
ŻǿͣСࡣ
Ҫ˵һ¡ɿŮûѪɫɷСЩļڡ
˫ǲôÿɫ׼һ飬ӽ˵Ȼ˵˵ɣʲôҶܵס
ѡ
ֲǵһˣúܣûʹķ
̾һ˵ʵģҪ㲡ʱʼ𡭡
ŵ齥󶨸ãȻĿ˫ףڷʵºҾҪ޸ʵ۵ʺ󣿻ʮױǵ֣
ǳɸˮлѩͬʱ˵ͷ
ʵڲ֪˵ЩʲôҲ֪ʲô顣
򵥸ǻʵصÿҪû˵ʱ˵ʥּҪʺ󡣶ڲˣٴ׷һʥּʾºʮױӭȢ
ôǸ˵İ¡
ս飬սʤԲ֡˹֮һһλҲǵӣҪжء
ãڷӦ૵ԣҲˣ
⺢ӣ˵ɥأлѩҲ̲סᣬһѱסԼĺ
ɼ״Ҳߣ§סŮԣĪҪǣ㻰ͲҪᡣ
عĸѾ޳ˣﶼˮ⣬æЦ˵ˣϲ°
ˣ
ʺλȻΣգҲȫİȻЩֻ֣ҪʵʵŻʵ۵˼жûбȵʺȫˣ
٣ȻҪʺˣ


11 
⻰ɺлѩסˣȥæ§ס׷׿ڵ
ҿ
ޱգֻһˣµģǿš
޾ͿޣĪҪЦŵ
ӲŸպתɱٱˡ

Ÿĸһһı׳æֲ廰ǣǡĿģǿɱް
ôԺС֪ڻʺⷽԵ߽úܡ
µȻΪҲʹʱԼ
Ͼλʵڿ̫ãȥҲʡĳЩĹصһʮֶڻʺ󴦣ֱûбԼСײƵʵԱ˸ʵˣ
úֻҪԼϵݺⳡޣٱս죬϶ǿԱסġ
ڽʧȥʲôġ
ɳϿɹ۸ߣ
ﲻȱԲȱҲȱģѵȥ޸𣿶֡Ůɫϸ룬˵ʹҲǸȥأ
뵽⣬ϸһϱӿС˵ƺȷʵôʺ󣬱ī࣬ڸҲǿĴָ
Ҳ޴ӵ֪ʺǷǡ
ôʺȷʵǴڵģҲûгֹʺݱ£˵ǰȵĻС˵֡
ܵõôȫֲڻҲȨƸߴݣоҲ
ţճյЦ
ˣˣ̫ҽ쿴
ˣ
СŶСŶõ𣿡

һҺֻЦݣĬԵĿΧڴĸĸԼҽŮѾߡ
û¡
̫˶ѡ
ûǡˡĽ͡
ҽŮɺлѩŵĳ󣬶̲סͬĿͶСų

ô죿ֻܱ߽͡ûߺҽŮǿӲﰲ
Ҳûٺȡ
ưͺ˼ڣͶڰķ̵͵֡
Ȼ˵˵ĺҲֻ̤صز࣬ʺҲ˸ˮȽϺõλá˪ǣҲֻг˵˲֪
˽ѡ
СܾħʵϢѸٴңҲ˳Ƶķɽŵ󾩳ǸլԺ
֮˶̲סڲе
ᣬͱأ
Ůɫʵ̫ģҲǹħǵΪֹǰ
֪ƽյͦεδʺ֮䲻벻ĸ˻£ҾСڲص֪ºϢЦǶ̫ϲ
ֿС
ԸĪҪɢ˫ˣСҲҪǡ
ͷķʹûκιǵǺõòˣŶδڴҩĶɴ˲٣ԸС˶Ǽģ
С¡
´߶ܳ߸ˡ
ҪҽŮ̫ҵ˶Ժ˶Ȧأ
ӹһת̫ټҲѸͷϡ
Ҳû취ϡ
λֶûʼѵһǣͱ̫˹
˵ʵĻеģϻδʺôͷεţѱ̫֪һв֡
Ǳõķʽ
ֻܶģĵû̫ͬϸ˵飬Ҳ̫֪ôʺ󡯡
ڣĶˡ
̫Ŀƽ֪ʦ̸֮ŵҲǷ
̫ãֻ˵һЩ
̴ӣ
뿪ʱ˾䡮ʵ۵鰧Ҳû취ԣϲҲðҲգֻҪ˳Żʵ۵˼ܰȹȥ
ָ˵Ƿǳǳֱˡ
˲ᣬСԴõҩƵĵÿɹɣ밲ȹСӣԾ˳Żʵ۵˼
һѵʹ͡
Ů̫లԵھ޴Ļʹ
ִ̫·ֺ񣬾СŮɡҲԴκġ
žƫ˷
ҲͰգպûڹսǴһǰͶ˸Ӱֱֱܿײȥ
ϳüͷ΢壬죬Ѹٺɫ΢䣬ǳ⡣
ȴŲ԰ŵС
ԷǴӰ»Ͳڣôˤȥ֮ǡ㲻鲻ԸȣסϸȥԷǱӦˤڵصΣ


12 
ͷǵΪԼҪӲĵذܽӴû뵽Ѹٺ˸̫Ķæ˫ֱǸȲľ֮˵лл
ôάƻ˺һ
ֱǰĺڰȥЦݵĿбĵط֪һһ
֮ˣɲǴѹĻʵۡϳ
ŵҲʲôȡ
ǵġȡ
Ѹɿ֣ڨڨµϲڵĻҳվֱӣ
Ͳûиˡ
ܾΧյģ͵͵һ¡
üһɲǿյ
ôȣֻʣ
ڸղŸŵһȺŮ̫࣬˵߼ԶĿյϣԴŵذ壬ء
ܾԼôվҲǻ£Ҫͷ̴ôţֺ˵㣬Ҳ̫׵
룬Ż˸¹ͬʱ밲Ů¡
Ӿﶼô밲ģӦáûʲôɣ
ֻ⻰ڣôúطֵֹģ͸оԼʵżٽε밲֮
񡣡ϳش
⻰ٴվֱӣȻô̧ͷǰλûʲô黹һĵ
ľͲ˵ˡ
ʵ۳ÿÿԽԱҲһͨȣɲǵӾݳЩܱȵġ
ϳѾܾûôˣر֪ΪԸֱӡ
ҲգֻЩա
˾ôá
ǻҲ֪Լٶǳò壬ˣпܻԴ
ڹŴֱ˵ðˡ
µպ̫еǱǰƽ
뵽⣬ͼԾһգ˵ȥʲôطǱ߱ģ
¡
ԼԼԴø£˵öʲôʵ۵ȥҲ˿֪𣿻ǣ˭˭ǰ
ѸٽᵽϣѸٿڲȵ£Ů˼ǣ̸̸Ҹĵطú̸һ̸
ţ̸һ̸ʺְλԼĶɫ
ΣĽ
ɡϳӦ󣬻ת̧ߡ
״첽ϣͬʱ˼Ҫ˵ЩʲôԵԼرá
ս߳ȥǸŴͤӻźС԰һ̣йŮ̫඼˳Ƭ򣬶ѸٵþƵġ
ŵĽŲ߽Ǿ޴ͤŶԷڰĻݺòˮʯֺĵΪԷ˱ˮ
߼Ѵɢĵƿ
ɤӣ˵ģȻңʺĶҶᰴָʾúõʺ󣬵һûʺ߶ߣҾȻЩֲ巽򣬵ʱܻͷȸָһ¡
ϳôĵġӻȻҲǰ˵ôķϻ
ǰŮ˵ΣʵҲһʱ˰ȥţա
ʺ֮λ
ҲֻǿؽŻʺ֮λҿȱԷо֮˳Ϊ֮
˭뵽˹ǰ˵ⷬЧ֮ԡ
ѵǹʦǶԵ
ϳ̧ǰŮ˵Щʲô
Ŀɶˣ
˾񣬴չֳĲܣ֤ԼʤλʺְλŵĿ˵Ҿ֤ͨܽ󹬸˲룬øɸɾ
Ǿܹʱꡣ
ԵĲ˵ѧ϶ǹصģпͲʮأʲôԪη̣ʲôɶڻ£
ԣϳ˵֮Σ
üͷһ˭ܿͼλƯǰ˶ɲ
Ư÷ɿ졭
ɲܸϵģҪ֪ϱʼɾͨŶͯͿԿóǶôǿ
ҡͷɿ졣
Ȼ٣Լһԣ
˵ڹ̴ӷһ֣֤ǶûԵκ˼󹬱֤ûκᷳ
ϳ΢΢ϵĲ豭ҡţ˵š
Щ⣬Ǹʲôشɲǳµӣ˵Щʲô뵽ЩĹŮ̫࣬зͷݶ֪׸ߵɡ

аɣҲȲ
ʲôأҲûʲô˰զ
ĥöĥЩʲôõģֵõ̫ûЩԱˣҲҪʺ󣬶ϵĵģ˵ܳܺȻ˯ʺλ˾԰ַ֣ÿԱ˾˯˯˾ͳԣԲǡ
԰աϳ̧ĵ˵š
ע⵽ŮڸƲߣͬ׿ԣǸĺӡ
ҲãҲգҪ顣
иʺ󣬵Ҳܶסնੲݵ죬ֻҪԼ˵ǰ㰲֡
ȻҲиһĻʺ
ɲ֪ʱ˼жֲ飬һܳԵģͳϳȥ˸ͷ̫ʻҪõЦݣѸлץŵľͿ
ǣģ
̫ˣڣζˣ
Ǹˣ
߷źƣҵĳ̵ĵġ
ԸΪͷ­Ѫһعʵ۱Ůˣǰͷ­ѪʱôʹҲôۣóôҩ


13 
ϳ⻹ǵһαǡˡܾʲôط̫Ծ
̧ǰרעڵĵ
Ӧô䣬ΪƺǺбҪĬŶ˫չĹĸС͵ʳƵŮԵûͦ㣬еģǴûԹС졣
ڹ͵ԸС껨èΪơ
ĵĳ𣬳ųžͲĳԼ޷ӵߣ̧ͷͶ˵˫׵ûҭš
û취
Է̫䣬ûţԼǸ˵ĸо
æԼ˱ˮ˳˳ºСĿ˵ҪҲģģɺóˣ
˭˼µĿҩȥԵģɶģɶǺóԡ
ôһΣ¶Ҫǿ塣
Ȳ˺ÿ춼ԺɢʮʮȦͲŻܸ̱Ƶɴϼ¡
ءϳ˵꣬ŵĸķơ
ɲС껨èжʳ
뵽⣬ѵÿڼ˵ˡ
Ӧúܿ죬۾Ϳڽӻлʹͣҿ̫ˣ
˵꣬־ֻԼڳԲ̫˼
ɲ˵ôأǰŵĲǴѹӣδĶͷ˾
ԴܲܰԼϣҪȫԷָʾ
䣿Ҳܵ飡
ǣ߳ŵģͼڻգ˵˺õÿ찡˵ãиأɲңֻ˳꣬ô˺ü£ЩΪҲѲմʥּϲ˵ϡϡ˹
ЦݣϵͷԺĻҪá
ƨĵҲһ̵졣
Ǹϵĳǣͺֿ˻ϧӲòУ־ᣬϵıҲô
ʱϳ֪ǰŮСôô˵ͣأ˵߲Զ
ҲǸգ
ǲ֪Ҳ⼸ж࣬ĲҩҵţҾǶ˯ȴ־ԼŵģζɲܡȻܵľ̫ҽǸҿҩζǰⱲӵĿ඼ǰ˱飬˻˿
ҡͷԵ˵ţûֹԼΪԷϲôྡ
̫ˣ
ٴͶ̥ʮ꣬ɶ̫УƤӱÿЩȻôܴϹʦ·ء
ȥճƵģôܣҲû취Ӵ̫ˣû˭ϼ䡣ö֮ɲͳ˸ƺ«
ȱʲôõЩʲô
˿žϲֻһЩˣȻôֱӴӦҪôĵ߶߶˿̶ԷĿ⿴ЩɫҲûʲôı䣬඼ûгֹ
ô룬ԼôʺҲ̫
ʵྰ
ԷĬҲûϵֻҪͣûƣܿ˵ͱ׼˵ϼ켸ҹ
մʦ治ȵ׷ĹʦԭⲡһֱûתֱĸײСĳ˹ʦķ飬ôţǸʱ򡭡
ϳĬԶ˵Ļٵĸ㣬ǳ벻ͨôԷ˵أ
ôĸ㣬²סű֮ӣҲ˶ٵ죿
治ةĵŮ˵ǾةŲŹȶҪڳսȺʱͣЪ洫
뿪ֹɾҲᡣ
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Ȼ
ϳԼǵ͹󲡳Ů
ֱһ鶼ʣˮҲûаΣЦͷĳĶжóԣǶô¡

ϳˣʱ䣬ΪȥȦأ
˵˵ţƳԭӦԼԴϵľСεԶĵϣһҲˣ㿪˵Եȣҷεˣڴ˵زҪҼΣͬϸϸ˵
ССĬ˷ԲĻվȹٶ£ּ̧ǰķΡ
ѵոջԴ˵˲ɣ
ȻôôԶ
ôţ;ǰһڣվȴû˿
ʶͳ˺ڰС
ϳѵõ徲һ̧ȥŲǰǻߴߴøƵĻŮſ˵ϡ
üͷ΢塣
첽ߵǰºƿԷƤ鿴һٽ̽ڶԷȷǷ񻹻š
ٽֿ䣬˵İ
óײʵãﲻ飡׿Ѹǰڵϵӵǰᵽ΢΢ȷ˻Ϣ˿
ŻԲѵһԶŹ¹򣬶ͷأ˵΢ǳײ£ط

ϳջ֣תվãЩʲôֲ֪ôӺ˵
ĬãųŰĵط˵̫ҽǰ


14 
ûãӸԾŵ˸ת̫ҽԺķԾȥ
յʱ䡣
ͼżλ̫ҽҽŮ˵ǰ
ٶȷɿ죬һ㡣
ϳ˵ˣʾȥ̫ҽͬʱһȥó·󣬷ſ˵ơ
ƵǸʲôë
ĪǳԶ˵̫໰˳ٳ˰գ
ǣ¡
̫ҽ±дɵת£ͬӦš
վȺѸپָʾķ첽ȥǲϲ˽ëԷԶľ롣
ܿ죬̫ҽǾΧ˻赹ڵصԣƤķƤæúܡ
Ƕ󲡳ҾСҲİҪ֪ǰǵʥּǰȥĿ̫ҽԺ̫ҽ
ҲλС㼪࣬ˣھͲڻʹĳɽˮլ
ٺҲǵͷ
˭õֻҪʺء
̫ҽûöþ͵õŵĲ顣
߹ͨһ
ϵ̫ҽ˵ģأҾСδȫ֮İ־ʧ£ֲųԲ֮
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ЦͦƤҲ廰û취
ƲֵľŰֵĲ
̫ҽ̧ŵָλÿȥӣǹйõĸ̡ûǴЩɶӦöѳɸСɽƵģ࣬ʵҲ١
ˣȵ̫⣬Ҳûͬò͵Ŀܡ
ѵǡ
ѵҾСײŭ˵ϻ׷δλֱӰεػصʹֶΣ
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ǳҲӦЩ
뵽⣬̫ҽ޵Ļش䲻ʺãҲЩڵ»ʲѡȻʿҲʵùӰ죬뾪ʧ񷽲Ҫ
º̫ҽĽԴڵϡ
ⷬʵʵ˵ĪҪŭǡ
̫ҽϸƢԹŹ֣˽ӽ˵ɱ˾ɱ˵ĵ͸ˡ㵽ĿǰΪֹûжЩʵʵ̫ҽǶ֣ǰС̫СŮɲ١
ϳɲ֪̫ҽǶЩʲô̫ҽеġʧ񡯱һĻ̬ȣ˵ЩʲôּǰгӶؿͷ־֮ⶼͤӡ
ĳŮֻԵò֪¡
˵Σǵŵ飿Ҳա
֪̫ҽѸٻػ󣬾ʹЯŵҩ﷭ҳĳƿӣҾСдҩƿӶڲͣ
黢
˼Ѳ£ǹ˼ŵҪλСûж
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ҽŮŵӻ˵ʲôôǺ
ǰڰûȥ˫ֻۣλվͤĵãȻĿ˵£ҶӻˣͶˣ˵õվԭصҵأˣô

ֵֹⷬĻ˶ˣ˵ʲôأʹʲôӣҪŵ
ֱ죡
Ÿ鿴õ׿ٴؿԴ
̫ҽҽŮҲͬѸٹ£Դĵü죬ֻ̿㡣
ֻͻȻҽŮ׿ãȻš
ôΧ˺ܶˣԼҲƺڵϣոǲǻ˲Լ


15 
ĶҲᡣ
;ԴģؿƵģǵģټϵذеȵģΧҲֵֹģͷǳ
תͷһԴڵذϵ̫ҽҽŮֱĿԼҴϣûӦ׷Щʲô
ȥ˸١
ޣ˸𣿽ţǰһڣȻ۾ͳǰӣ
𾢡
ȻԼֳϤ
Ϣŭ˷˵ȴ治֮ԣֻ֮ա΢Ĺᷢ䣬ǽȥͷöãһС׿˵ٴصĳŵ˸ͷ
÷뵽ôһ֮
ڣЩҲգܹһܿš˹ǲǱ޳Īʱܲƽĵڶ춼Ǹδ֪
áһۣ˶˲٣ֱֱԼдֵ̿Ĵ硣
תתҪȥã
ѵԼԵעҪΪϺľʦ
ⲻ԰
ܵʺˣٿʲôģܾò̫þ
ҵּøԼԸĿɲ̫һֻ뵱⴩ļٴʦ
ϳŵ¶Ů˼ı飬һӦҪǽͷû˻ʺ󣿡
ã
ǳȫ뻹̰ԵСè
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һ̣ڷӦЩʲôԼ֪ʲôʱײ˻ʵۣڸأ
ȻڵǺܸ˵ӣɴԷʼλһֱı顣
治ģ͸Դ
뵽⣬ԼǳбҪЩʲô˫汧Դ૵ͷΣ˭ǣҪʲôĺưо͸ˡ
ϳŮǲ̫׾ӵݼĿڶԷ׵Ĵϣת˵ĪҪ£Ȳ̫ҽΡºҪҲεĻʺ󡣡
˵̧꣬뿪ͤӡ
Щʲôϳͣ½ŲڵҾСӡ
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Ҳд
ͲܿЦѵҲܰɣ
ûܳŶãĳġСӺ󣬺ܿ˰˯ΰС
ʵǲý
˯ˣЩûôž͸ˡ
صкַȣĵ̫ҽԭеҽŮǶʱæҡ
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̵ĸ㰡
ǿȸŴ󲡳Ůأ
Ҳ֪Щʲôʹþʧڵءⶼʲô¡
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˭֪أ
СۿŶҪ̤ײˣͺ
õ˳ģǾСŹ˹Ӿ͸ùˡ
ȻǰǣλС˳ɹ֮ҹ
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ҾСҲֻܿϧˡ
ϧŵվͻָ˾񣬵ǰճԵǸʵ̫һŵҩζܣŵζ;óš
˼ȥ
ܳϼ۵⣬ʲôⶼãԡ
ϧҽŮѹûĻᡣ
ճԵöˮôС¹ȥ˵ǳʵڵһѵõĸоĶ롣
̫ˡ
оøľ㣬ͶòҲ졣
ĥôϼʱ
طִˣ
Ĳֻǹطһˣ󻹸źЩŵСãã㶼ϲЩɫСȹӵĺѡ
ǡ˷һһأͷûãѲΪ˸Ҵȫβɣ
ЦſڴȤСǣƿӻͱĳСֿס˱ӡ
ЪţҪЩʲôѾǾͺáϪ˵ţüͷСĶ档
֪
Ȼݵ˹ǣڿ͸˶ƵģƤӻյĿԵĿɶģ
治Ǹ
ͰۿžʹδľŹ˵յѾ˽ЩҪ£ҴȥÿЩǾͲվڴǰǷǰˡ
ҾȻĪǿȾԸ㣡
ǿһӵĸأ˶һܳԵ£οθڲֻڲеĽ


16 
Ҳˡ
ִӣһֻ׼Ųԣ׵Щʲô
Ȼ˲ϲŮˣʥּ˵һģ
񲡺ˡ
ĥˣʵ֣
ٲ죬Ҳ֪Щֻ룬ӿɲʲô¡
ĽǳѾҽŮǶ˳䣬㶼ŵз˴ߡվűߵĹطŹصʵʵŶΧĴǰ
ǵƺ΢һҪµģֹʩСǻǳ
ֻһ뷨
ǰõò˵Ů԰ǿˡ
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Сѯţ˵־㿪ڲǺ׵ǻģһܣĴͳһС
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ȻôģȻСõһ⣬ȻṼ˵ˣԼҽĵģζɲһ壬ԼҲʲô⣡
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ԣĵ͸ԼҳǻЩˡ
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㱼䣬ԼǱܳ谮Ե֦
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⻰һгӵĽǺˣͨ죬ʹš
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ֱӱŵôӴϱĺ󱳣Ǹ˳󻹶ѸٵĸСǶ˱衣
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һﶼֲδֻŶԷԼ黨ʲôģ黨ͷεĹط˸ӡ
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ֿİǶҪ¾ȡµķΰ˻ȥ˵˱㻵ˣԴϱǵĶҿ޹ˡ
ջȥĪҪȤˡҲŴȡͷǶ䲢ٺ˿ҡ
Щξµúܣɲˡ
滵ˣʱһﶼۣǮϡ
ҺúôŶ͸ǵĻŹذգֻһЩСС⡣ڵͬʱһױеʣµĴ󲿷ΣСǲգ˵ҿҲòˣǲǸã
⻰һԭֵķ䶼
ͽ
ãȻ̧ͷ۵Сǣ֪ӦԼ˵ЩʲôоԼӶŽǷַŲƵġ
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ʺ󣬿϶øõĶ
ԭʹ㵱ñηָǵױʲôģ·һ֣ǰһ￪Ҳá
˭֪
ԽȰǿ޵Խ
ǿĹطﶼˮ
Цãε˵ҪȥģһЩʲôأ


17 
öǽͣǶãá
㡭ĪҪɥ
㻰ɲ˵ˡ
ЦжСǾͿ޵ж౯ʹƴţԽͣԽңֻεĶˡ
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ôΪͬһᣬ˹죬ͺܲԾȻ˫۾Ҳû취ӲͷƤȥ͡
Ҳȹ
ʵǲ֪˵ЩʲôЩʲôôһĿ֡
ǰĽǶȥûнһУ˼ȥֵֻܹʵڲá
ö˶˵ֱӰνɱԸʲô£Ѱٴȫ
Ȼеȥ
ҲһҪɵ֪˲ܱסܰա
ûپЩ飬Ǽĥ͵͵Կ⡣
ȫ¶ҽŮĻϷý¹ȥȫˣҲûһζۺصĴ⡣

ôָܻأ
ǰ̫ҽϰգóһ䡮ƽյķʳ⡯

ζ˻ССģ᲻᲻öŵζŵ㽴ͣѵﻹ˲ɣ
ԼⲻڵȲ
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Ȼ־ҪϺԺǰʱȴɨصĴʦסˣ˵ǹʦڽӴ͡
аɡ
ȻǽӴˣǵЩҲûϵ
ŲһתʹȥСӴʦе֪СӦСʯɽǱߡʯԵ̺Ҫһƿ棬ŴƿŸǰɽ
Ҳ֪ǽãԵʲôûˣ֮£ֻܱ߱·Ĵʦ
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Сûţĳź濴˸زصϤӰۿȥɲ˳ºڵòеı
С㣬ѽԼͺˣ
ߵѾ̴˵䣬еĴƿߵűߣ˵أǶүıӶ㵽徲ˣ
С˵ʲô𣿡
ͺǲ˵ֻܿ˸Сı飬һܣȷûвϵõ˺󣬲Ŷ˵С㣬˽ɣ

ϵĴȤЦݶʱ佩Ӳ˳ȻǣǰŴͬһߵС꣬ڵ˵ʲôе
컯֮¡
Χ̴ӣ˵Ų֪ٸİͻȻ˵˽
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18 
ϿǸõط
˵ϲɽˮãҲھǡ
Ҫǣ۰ĹøǶһȾﰤӸѹ
⻰ٴγ˳ԼӲǣϸ˲Ҳ׳ʵҲƺʮ꣬˵֪˽ʲô˼𣿡
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ֻǱȽϲūѣǻСҪġ
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İصԺҲΪ˵ĵ˵·ϲڵĻҳֵת
Ȼ󡭡
ĳİӰ
ɲǵϳ


19 
úõĻʵ۲ڹô͵ɵС죿
Ŷԡ
컯ǬҲ㲻͵

Ķ˫κɫ˫ڨڨ˵桭ɰ£Ҳ𣿡
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ԣϳ΢΢ףͬʱش⡣
ȿȣʲôұе㲻̫棬ȥʲôģҲˣСɵɼūȲأʹдĪҪͬƽСС顣
ǳʵĿſڣҷɿһɵû˵ʲôĻ
ȷԷֻ΢ǳ̸빬Ĳ״ѣ㻺侲
ŵҲǵһۣϾԼЩʲôҲġô׺Ҳ̫׵ϼΣҲ㲻ʲô£Ȼмȫӵܿ¶ҪԴ
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20 
⻰ĬƬ̣ƿעŵ˫涢ŲԶիӵģ
⡭
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˼ԷúҪΪʺҲԸô棬΢΢ףɡ
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Ц̾ûаֵ٣־Ƿ˿̫ܣڷһİի궼һһںϺҵ˱ֿм;
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21 
ȻͣǶԼ嶹΢˲ֹһֵȴ̱ģƺҲûаֶӵ뷨
òСĿ˵ϲԶ𣿻ǲࣿ
Լǡ
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ֻϧڲжã˵ڵǶô䣬մʦֻЦŰ
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Ҳ֪ʱڸıϺķ뷨ǲ̫ܵģ󣬱Ȼ⣬̧պÿǶԷǰһе㳤üëǺĿѯʵʦѽ
ƺʶϺпʼԷһֱģ
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ǰϺãͻȻĵ̾˿˵֪ұ֣ٸѧʮţʮҲѾ㹻ˡ
ʡ
ʾеڡ


22 
Ҫ֪ϺпƽƽС˵Ľβ
ȷԼļûаֳеĹʦ˼ֱשʲôطҪͰȥǵǹʦǵǹʦΪԼڻָԽҲǹʦ
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ǧϣ˿ڵģԼ׸ǹϲı飬˵Ŀģ㲻ǡ˶ң˶ң
˵꣬Ѹһ
֣ʹȥǼصͳļˡ
ŴҶѹôʵУʵҲЩСС꣬ǲ֪Щʲô
ǲ뿪ôгĴͥɡ
Ů̴С̧Ǽ£ͷʵĴ壬òпʹֹǵ棡
ܴ׼£Ҳֵ
ֵ̫˰ɣ
һ߰˶ֹļ
͸оѹŰɽʵʵ͸ѣٰĿͶ컹ʵǶ鱦Ļڡ
ɽûˡ
Сˡ̺ɴͷ߽񣬱߿˵š
⻰ҵ˾ǣϢ΢Ŀ˵ѣˣҪȥ͡
û塣
ʹϼ´Ϸˣ
Ѹٻ¼º󣬾͸ֻƵģƮƮɳ˷䣬ɲƮƮǾļ¶Լˣ
һͿԼȺСΧЩʲô
û˵µĳأͱм䣬ȹطȥŴϺ
ǰͶһ顣
ڷġ书ؼ
ϴף룬ǼӦͦʵģԶഩȥ
ҲûЩ
Ҫʱӿ԰γȱ
ȥʣµı㽻ʷ̨˾ͽ乬
乬Ҳˡ
˵ֶüЩأ
ֱ·ãţ

Ժһѣ֪ȥ飬֪ĻΪ̶Ѩأ
ͼĲïһҳҳ顣
Īͬ˹ĵֵܻزǲ跴ѧҲǹʷС˵ͷһλɡ
*
ͬʱĵ˸硣
üͷ΢塣
˼Щ˼ȣǻŵۺ鶯Щֽţٳϵİѯ˽ЩǱߵ


23 
յϢȫ棬ҲʮֵͨһѯǱеϵʽ໥ͨ
յʱ䡣
ڵǰڽʱйص㱨ȻҲûʡȥ˿̶Էڷоʽ־ٶ
ԣϳĬˣѵÿʼ˼ԼķǷѾֵز
ЧȷʵҪġ
һҲ˼ϲײЩʲô֪Ķ
˼ˣϳ˰ʾⰵ£ִӱĵطµһΧ
ȻܴӹŹﰾ
ҪڵĹأƽƽĽԷ̧ҲȫǾ顣
*
һȥҲϲ£ŵƽʣֶ鲼ɫ
ϵ˶ۺƽҪö࣬ϵЦǡ
νǴϲַǷ
ҲЩʱﻻ˺ɫװ㡣
ͷֲͬǻͨһһۡϵϲԽԽ٣ƽֻǿ΢Ц
Ƭ糺£еö˼ɭɭ֮С
תۼ͵˴鵱ա
ͱѣ˯ʵŴɸ߹ҵ£òпҹ˯Ǹþ
ʱ䣬Ժ˯Ҳãвľòôá
˭նǱȿ޻ѿЦݣжܣûŴһһǳѹԱգѾǳǿˡ
ϱӹи˺õöˣӽͰҷ֧࣬Ҳÿ춨ʱ貽谮ģȻôôһȺǣأ
ҲôôѹɽֽͲͨ
ţֻʱ֤빬ǿȥա
ϲɽصļ£ٴѹϲӵķڡ
һϱзǳеĳ仰ʹڱسءɲ˵Ҳ߰˾Ž
Ƕ٣ڲһʮ
ѹɽֻʶɢ͸ľżƵģѾ̴ԼŮٵڲš
뿪뷿ǰ
ľǳԼǲѹŵԼģ޵øˮƵģ㶼Ҫһˡ
ȻҲԼ͵͵ŵһСڵĸ㡣
ǰףȻ˸ģЩʲôʫԵĹأҲǷŷˮϼ䡣
ҲһյĹӾͽӵδĻʺ
ԷŽԶľ롣
㲻ϹأҲ˸ҿ˵Щʲôʷ̨ϼһǣЦͬʲôҸˡ
ĬĬ֣סԼƵò̫׵ı飬ڳϺЦݶֿ̫ˣòάֵЦݶѹȥ
ͺܹ֡
ܿ죬İ̧ΣԼŮֱ۷ѾȥģһλԹۣЧһ㡣
ЩƻյСͲᡣ
лѹŮԳ޲ҪǸͷķס
ʵʵڵļʶʲôϵʮױ˿Ҳһٹٳݵ졣ǳƣĻְֺ硣
Ǳӵŵĵ֮һҲЩ
ôһ׷ڵ˹ϢѾǻƻʱ֡ǱߣԻû
ûá
ûʼһǽӲֱۣԭӵŮ̫ԸѾֶ첼޹
ʱ䣬ŵĹֻʣһˡ
Լ˸ĺ
Ҳţ´˳ﾫ»İ貼úȷûˣó˴ĸ㣬
һڳꡣ
ŵ֨ѽϳꡯ
˵ҲȤ
Ϊ˷ֹڴ֮աʧ֡߱ޣʷ̨ȺϹԱǰѳзĴ󳼶ۼ˵Ļ鷿ǰ
ǳƤʾΪҹҡ
ϳ¼ͬ˵˺󣬱㵹׼õĺƣͷڵɫ󣬵ݸ˵˯ɡ
أӹǰƴ񱭣˻ͷɢžζ峺Һߣ᳢˿ڡ
٣ͦġ
ֳۣһڡ
̧ͷֱֱǰҪ˴Դĵ
Ȼ뿴Ǳͷա
ϳЦЦвˣƱһڱȾ
˵ЩʲôȴǰŮֱƺ
ڴڹȥ
СеڿʡܵĳߣԴڨڨţܿͷ˲ԾȵĶԵ˵ô
ҡҡλεıŸҮ

ϳ±ӣ˵ˡ

ûУ
С磬ԴصԼԴ־Ͱһ̾̽
˿ϵӡ
ͷǰĵŲһȣ˵˶Էϡ
ϳüͷ΢壬⿪ʼںСƿͻȻԷ͸߸̧֣ѷķ䡣
Ӧ
Ů͵Žż⣬յĶߡ
㡣ѹƮƮ˵ţƯӣҲҪС͸㣬úѽûƯֺÿŶ
˵ꡣ
żһǻûüϵĴĳĶ
ϳ΢΢񣬸ŮϵʪԼϰγӵľٶ֪Ҳĳɷȥ


24 
һ, ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
Լ
ǶƯƯСˣѽǴŶ
Ц˫ϳļͷֽСԴ˹ȥ, ĶǰԼеĴˡ
üֱָ, ˫ǣͦټǱ΢
ŮԵͽȻ෴, ȴǰĴ˽ϵõõкͣûаΥ͸С
ô˺ð, ص˵Դ˵, ۾ӡͣÿˡ֪ˣҾͶ飬ѧȻҲûĻ, û취ݳԽԱż续ʫ, καûĻһԲ¡
΢΢ҡתԴ, ʫģ
ʫҲʫϱƽ̨ɻأ
Դκ綼ǰ˲ᱡȴ޷ɢ, ƤӻǷǳ
׼ȷĸԼԺЩ߰ϡŹֵ뷨
ϳɲĬֻǰŮôĶ໰, ¾΢ûܶסߴߴС졣
԰Сƹľ
ۿȥ, ѵ, ȴûټ˵Щȥ
ԼĪΪԷʱֿεĿ, Ҳγ컹ӲԵĺ̬, ֻǶǻεͣ顣
֮ϳʱľٶ
ÿѽֻ·֮⡣İԼСƵ˴˵ϣŸһ£ͱԷĿˡ
Ͻצӷŵǰ
ű̧ͷǰװͰ͵Ĵˣ˵ô˰
Ϳ˵ɲʲôĶǲί˫峺Ҳһ㱡ˮ
¶ԷƵġ
Լ۶ûеİ׾СֵݵϳǰʾǸղŵ֤
ϳǰִҪ˵Ů˵ִţ򣿻У˻ңȻݹҲ
˸ů⡣
ٱ䲻в˲糺ɫ͡
ûϳǾ䲻ڵ˶ǿֵܷ˭ӻ磬ֻʣô˼̫ԼȤĶ
˵ǵӴأ
ǳֱӰʻϳϣЦ˵õŶ硣
ܺ㣬Ǿ͸¡
뵽⣬£˵磬磬翩
ȥģɲǸµĸ
뵽⣬ֱֱӿЦͷϵķڶڸҡΡ
ײصڿտ޹
ڻ˹ŷǰĴǲЦĸģͷעӢˬɰϳ
ãȲӦ̧Ღ˲Էǳգͬʱգ۾˵ô˵ģ
˵Ҳգۣ͸Ưְơ
ͺֱӱؼҲ
˵ɾ͸ɣ˫־ѸƵ˴˽䣬Ǳǰ㣬㽫Է
͵ؼÿ쿴ţܶ뷹أ
ЩʲôϳֱֱЩԷľٶ
Ҫ
ӵϰ
ңҾ뿴жѽ͵ʧܵѸջ֣Լצӱ˵ЩʲôͻȻԴĺƣ˶ˤȥ
ϳӦѸ٣סԷûü
Ĳҽлϡﻩ
ͷϴŵķɲֶѣҲգ۾飬ǳصķھʹˤڵأùŻľʱϡ
ˤɲǼץסİӺ򶼵棬ҳһš
ѸпԵȼĶ
ͬʱͷŵĴҲĲҽԼִˤ໥Ӻæڵϣ˵ϢŭϢŭ֮գѪⰡ
УҼӺΪ
Ъ˹ǱΧĹԱţȥˡ
һͬѵţҹĿտǰصţ˴ʹҲϳĶС
ȻԺţǰȼڵϵҲʶԼ顣ʹ˵䣬ͷѸٰԴصĹӲŵϡ
ȻһԾ
ѸٵץһԵĺӣȥץ˺üӣűĵϰӶʹȥ
ĵĲ࣬ͣ¶˳ִһԵİĳСɾƺ๾Ĺʣµơ
ĨĨǡ
ŷֲԶĴøӵĿ⿴
ǱӢ𺳵ǣЦſ˵û£ұ㣬һСѣ£еѽţýЬӹӶ㣡
ϳƳһܱ˺ӣŮǱĨúͬԺͯĴ״ŴŵġˡĬá
ֱʼɵЦ쿴ˡ
ȥ˷ţԸ̴ӽо֣Ҹ»ʺϤһ¡
ŵĹԱǼŵŮ̫࣬Ϊ»ʺôûˣﶼ˴롣
ʷǶȥˡ
ûᣬٴعϷţѹûЩ˴ҹĳӡ
޹İ˺ͺܹԣ˵ɰڲȥ͸û˼Ƶġ
۾û֮ǰô鶯
ֱŮ̫Ƕ˳ȥҲһ£ŴӴϱ
ҡεߵϳǰ˵ұݵôǲǺϸľͷˣҲ˵أ
̴ǽ֮ǰϳ˵ֱҪڱǰľͷˣ÷ǳ档
ⲻ±Ҫˡ
ϳе£̧ǴŮ˼ŶԷľٶվ
֡
Ůľ¡
Ͱͻ˴ϣҿ˵ɫˣЩЪϢա
ת뿪ͱŮ˫۽סˡ
ϳֻܻͷ˵ˣ
㣬㻹ûأ˫նҪͨĿ˵š
װôľͷˣΪ˴˽һð
ԼͶɹһҪõ֣
ԣϳ֣Ĵָʳָ΢΢ͣС죬˵úܺáǣǲˣҸ˵Щʲô
оԼͱгСѼӣ϶ܳΪ˰ѳªǳʹĻţ𷽲Ŵ˽˵л㡯顣
صĵ˵ԴʾԼѾ֪
ǾõͷЧʹգԼ۾ֱˮգմʪ۽ǡ
ϳҲ֪ƵСｲʲôԿϺ󣬾ɿ֡
Ҫʲô˶ԼǱѹС죬ĴûиܵղŵвҲϳش𣬱һȦϲİ衣
Ŀ⣬ڲԶ˫ȼŵϡ
˲æסϳ½ǣ˵Һ񣬽ҮǴ˵еĶҹǡһòãȻ㻽ҷҲԵġ
ֻܿöԷ֣ܿԣ
һ뵽Լô˽鲢»ǶҹͻȻͺüÿĺýţ


25 
, ܾʲôطԾ
ˣⲻʲô⡣
գĿ۾ֱŵĶŽҪҹĴ˽㡭Ŷ, ӦǴ˷
ǲ˵, 졣
ϳ˵꣬˦ӿŮקԼ½, תȥ
ѾʶСûκõġ˵Щʲô, ԷԼ⡣ȻˣҲ˷Ѵࡣ
һ˵ѽⲻ˵ţ˵߱˴, ҡҡλ׷ϳͬʱڼ˵ȥĶѽ춼ˣ˯𣿡
ڴôõ˯ôû
ҡεŬĸϳĲ, ܰڼޱȵķǰУ, ҲŤŤ˺ôһȦ
˺ðΣŰڶԷŵ鰸ǰ, ˵㡭ôȵѽ׷ÿ̫ˣǣôо粻̫Ծţת˵, öණģģӰأ϶۵ķʽԾϢƬ, ϸơ
ϳƳСǰӶͣĬĬԷһ, ȷ϶Է𶼺úõĴܸ߹ҵĵ, ΢Щġ
Щɾ뿼顣
ŮԶ˵, һ, ͵Ƕ߶ֻлĴ
ɾͲˣȻԸ˵ŵҲܻþûڣɹغԼݵ¡
鰸͵վ
յרעĴԣ˵ڸѽҲ
ϳ͵غ裬΢΢תͷĿⲻƵĶǰŮˡ
ߴ˫¶
ù԰ڷŵˮעȥͬʱ˵Ȳ˯ͬҰĿա
Ĵˣֵͷе飬ٿһ裬㱼䣬Щʲô
ԭæµĹѹ˴ˣֲöԷװͰ͵ģ˭»֮ҹô๤Ĳ
˴򹤻򹤽鶼ͣ
ң̫ˡ
͵ĴˣǱԷʱ飬ڵúùŶͣ
˵꣬һȦ
תСܵԶѾľӣҡҡλε鰸
ϳԼȥæҲܶԷҪЩʲôٴδе裬ī˼ͷ顣
ֱڴľ鰸һ࣬ŷ˸ȥ
ֻŮѧľٶķǱˮע۾˼ŵֱԴ˫ĿķŴ
ϳʱİ
ջߣִʣϻд
Ȼİûάֶá
ʵڳŲסļįڶŴ˵ҺöŶ
ԣϳ̧ͷǰǿյӣɼǵòǰ̰鰸ϵĸɶѵ
񶼳Եһ鲻ʣˣ
ĬŲ֪˵ЩʲôȻͼЩʱհ㱨ϴͬ÷󻹴ӕFСƭ˼ͷ

Ļʺ󣬲࣬ܳԡ
ϳʣӦйŮΪº׼ķʳ㳯̧ȥ
ʱŸʳ˻
ʳзǰϣ˵԰գ˱ȥ˯
ûдʳоѾŵζ˵ص˵ԴҲҲˣ׼ȷƿʳеĸӣͷɫζȫðĲȣǳжĿ˵ãҰˣ
΢΢ֽʳСһһ˳
ýԼС鰸ꡣ
ЩֿϳЦĵ˫ӸСɵĿȥͬʱ˵ˣ϶Ҳˣ죬һ𳢳ôأܱ
ʵڲϡƵԶм̸㣬ʱȥ˹ҲԵġ
ϳǲӦģû취СʵǷⲻϣۿŶԷʼĳ̲Ϸźˣֻܽӹꡣ
Ϊ˶סԷſϸͣ͡
˼Ĳ˽ŮŵСͼķʽöԷͣЩȻһӵĲˣ¶ܵøµʡ
ȻֻҪгʳͰˣͷԵģͬĴδ͵ʳūһרע
յĹ
ͽеĲ˶Եøɸɾ
ϧû׷ҲûͷʵڲꡣʳСͽŵĲ˲ͣͬʱźĸп
ϳԼ»ʺµֻ֪ܳԣǷǳܳԡ
ʼǲǹЩȵķ̫١
ȻôʹºϿһڰû˴ӵĻأ
սʳҲûǸոմ˸˵Ļ˸Ƿ󣬱㿪˵ȥ˯ѽ
Ա㣬˵ȻҲˡ
ʵҲٶһ深ӻҪŵ֣Ҫǣ־䶼̫࣬ൽӻ⵽׶дЩʲô
ţȥɡ
ϳŮʳҡԶӰѵϲá
ǣ徲ˡ
Ա㻹ŵʳзϣҡҡλεߵˮԣϴŹԹɵ˴ϡ
ܿ죬
Щ涼ɨ´ٽһ˯£ȴܾԼЩʲô
ڴߣҡΰڶͣӰ
á
ĴԲսһ⡣
֣ŽѾӣ첽ϳķƮƮȥ
ϳֹȻ˵ĸоڵСôô־˯£ǻСϡ
뵽⣬תͷȥ
˭֪һɲǣϳ
˴
΢ȣһζ


26 
ϳ, ˫ҲЩع񣬱ȥ, ͼܿ
ȴ˴ʱǶ˵ơ
, ϵȶҲ֣ᷢŨҲֻ˼ְա
޴, ټЩʲôſϵŮȶˡ
ͬ۾վȽ, ΢΢ֱͦԼźһСƬ, ˵⻹ҵĳأģģе𡣡
ܸ˷ôϷԵף, 治
ԭֻһջ߶ͷ͸ĵ, û뵽Ȼջĺ׸أ
ζΡ
оֿ֡
ļ΢΢ŵĴɢ, Ųۣǰڲǻ˸ģĴ˿֣˵˯ǰǽҪæ̫Ŷ, ҪϢȥů˯һ, ٽŶ
˵꣬ƻðı, ԼĴ, ߹ŽתƮߡ
ҡ, ʱ, Ҫƣȴֻһӯ
¾˵߷Χʧ
ֻʣϳԭĶ̬þûܻعֱǸ̫̽󣬶ȻϺ̺ٷƵ
ŷӦ
עųС뿪ķãȷ϶ԷĲٴγ֣Զǵ΢ŵƽ㻺ջߡ
ϳָδ򿪵ϣȴֽ鰸ɫްҲ֪˼Щʲô
ðΡ
ӵϼöƵϾ»ķС
ҡŵĽԼڷԳ˫۵飬Ღϵա
ŵƻҫĿĹʡ
ϳ˷ҡεģҲ˶Էǰڶͣ飬ԼŮ˫ˮ΢ĺ̬
Ҳ֪ȥãҡͣķһһ¡
ֱƻ΢
ϳ˰ͷĽУǺȡ󣬽ڻζյӻ˽ȥ
տ޹Уƻͨ
ֿʼ裬Ҳ֪ǷǱܵĺӰһҹеȥȥǼûù
޹⣬ڿҿҵĴǽϯض໥ЪϢ
Ҳ˯ȻӹŮ̫ɫϲ²⵽º󻹻ţҲִ̿ҹʲôѪ֮¡ֻǿ˯⣬ϸϸȥͷĶ
ʵҲ
ǰЩٶʵǳֵ̫ɾ䣡
Ҳʲôۺٰܾüͷϡ
̷Ӹͳ˿Ĺϵ
Ҳ»֮ҹƽƽĪҪ¶ˣʷŨһʡȺ֮£Ϊӣǲӻϣÿ
ұڣΧЩС֪Ҳʵѹ
ڴĵ鲢ûз
էơ
΢չ⻺ʹ
ƣĴһֺգڷгĴʯͷ໥΢Цվϲ󣬻ͷķȥ
ۺ飬£СԱҲա
Ȼô
ǵȻǻؼкúЪţغһҹЩҲС϶˵ɲʲôɵ顣
뿪Ҽӣ۵޹˸Ĺ󣬷ȥ
Ѿˡ
ֻϣܿһҼķƴҲգԵľͲˣŽ֮Լиʺ顣ҲԸڹƽƽԼСӣƽ¶ĪҪϵ
ճʹǶ˹ֻ֮ƬžտĹ
ֱҫŴصͷҡ
ǳŨ»Χ޹֮У糺ĴϣԼǹ½ͬˮ°ξнѡ
ֲξʵֻôֳֻء
ϡԼǲ֮ʱڹ뷿УµŻȥ
ıѹؿڣʹ͵˫ۣİĴɫᡣãȻ䣬ΪԼǵ˵ظ
ͷ绹ģ
Ѳɾ͸˸طϷࣿ
ߺ˼룬תͷ￴ȥ
֪һһ
üһ
ݻ̶ȣʱų빬μʱƵĲأĴôõ
ôţȴ˲ԾⷿҲ̫˵ɣôϲ
Ųɣ
Ժͷʹ˼ƽ۾˫ְĽڸһ˵
ʶٴνɢҪ˯εһ̣ͻȻͷӦ죬ʵϳˣߵ죬˻ʼֵֽͬ飡

о
Ϻʵ£üͷʼҹ顣ܸоʲô˵飡
ҲԼ̫ֻǺƵĶ̫ߺ̫󣬻ҹϡŹԼֲҸ㰮ǸӵĳǱ
֮Ͳֵ̫ܷ굽׷Щʲô
ͼǵԼ˸ƣȻײһԴۣȥ˸ٳԸ˱
Щȷܴʵ顣
ڼеĻзͷ׵ľٶǺǷ㰮ӵĹ
ǵϳôװͰ͵ĸȻ»ʹأ
ξ໥ţֵ˱С㡣ÿιι㣬ǣ§ߵ飬ǹŵʽõĳǱþɽףӢ̨ȶ衣
ξ̶ֳȡ
Ѿùݡ
ֲʲô棬ʲôǼ٣ҲģҪ֪ĳǱͳǰ޹ģ
ǰѼ˸¥ѡ
Ŷǵĵһֵ飬ģûȤġ
뵽⣬ҹȾǰ˵ҪʲôĻ棬ôŤĻﲶץĳ˵Ƿǳѵá
ĥƬ̣ƿӣŽţСĳĳ鰸ķȥڵƵأ̽СԴ
еûʲô
ʱ޿̶ŵֳ°ͣպϣۼЪϢ
뿪ûüջߣͶϳǵĿ⣬ѾԴ
ϾҲֻиԴ¶ڶԷҰΧ
ڨڨһЦ
󻺻ǰ˵ѽҹ°ʵ̫ˣǲǾˣҪȥɻиۣˣҾǺܺãӦûʲôֵɣ
˵꣬ͣ½Ų
֮İȫ룬޹˫ֿۣĿϳ
ȻȷԼûʲôϰߣֻǻ˵㣬ྡ
ѱԼڵǰһչˡŶԷҪ޵ĳ治Ǽ٣Ϊ˰ȫҪȷˣʾԼĲ̫á
Լޱȡ
ŵþûлػͶ䵽ԼϵĿƺް˲ֹ֣Ҳˡ
òᣬʲô治ɣ


27 
ĺ롣
ǧֶԷ𸴵Ļ, ͬʱҲĥķʽȴûɵó
Ϊϳֻǵɨôһۡ
ԭǵֲֳʧ, Ϣ
ǲģ
Ҳʵڲ֪ԼǼƳ¿ҵ, תһжûз
á
ӵӦûİɣ
Χŵͬ׹뺮̶УڶԷһɢ˲١ģ̬, ͸˻ϢƵġ
ȻôԼǱֵû԰ɣ
ٴûȥʲôŵһ費··ٶ
ԼõϢƴƶҹʵ, ĵˡ
һͷŵĹŮϴʱ̶ǰ
, á
ѸٵͷӦŵδ˫ۣҲټԸЩʲôĵ, ĵż⣬˵
ȻͬҰŷɵĸǰ, ȶԼǿĳƮԱ, ͵ľš
ʱȣ
ȥɲǸ̫밲ܵ
Լһ˯˵ҲҲоŵ, Žʱ任һҲǵеʱӵʱҲͰСʱϡ
Сʱ˵಻, ˵Ҳ١
ºϴױ˵ʵЩˣ
죬Ϊϴ£
ȺʱŮԸ, ǿ۾Щ㱵º, ȷ϶ԷֻǶϺһƬ, ѸٲԷ, ͬʱʾŮԼȥ
ʱô꣬Ҳϰ̴ǵľķ̣û뵽ʹǷҵΪרҵĵط
ĹŮ̧һİ
ȿ˵ЩʲôѸΪϸַɿϴϡ
ڶˣ
ֻо˫ձŮôһ󣬾ʹ򿪣Ȼ°ͣںֻ֧£
˷ɿ췴
һ仰ʱ䣬ĵµŮپΪϡ
ƿֲ
Ůƽƽ䵭ĳ飬ٿԷǶѸֽýݵ֡
쵽ȵΧۿֵʱλɨɮĹھ
⣬Ǹָ֣
һڷҵĸ֣һһ֮֡
˼ʱŮѾɿİ·һµģǶұȰŪ޻Ҫ
𾪵Ӧͱױ̨ǰ
ױʵƷϣһײŴҲͻ˲ӡ
ǵŮٶӰֵľƨɶûȣҵеǿѾϢϺױ
ٹѯǷҪĶ

޻˵̧ԼǱڵȫԭ׺ôһĶͷͬʱпȥֶεǿ
Ȼʹõһ
úĸ׵ĶڣֻǱޱȵĻױڸǣʲôǶȶԲ㽫˳֮Ϊݣֻ˵ⱾǴ˵һ֡
ֿŮٵգǵڲԶͷϢѧŹŮǵģԼİ
˵ĸоͺܡ
ΪպĿĬĬܡ
ŮǼº·ģ׷״Դĵ޹İ衣
Ƣδûι
ʹǵ׷ºҲõ
ʱ̣ϳ߳
ʱѾȥյĻȫȻƣĿôı䡣
ֻŮٵķһɨ㳯ſڵķȥ
ҲĵµŮٲŸڵľżһ߶ҲǲĻ
ò˵
λŮĺ˲ã
ǳȷڵԼŵģ˫ҲûгκεڷǿŮ£˫Զŵ棬ߡ

ӵо书
ľˡ
ľһֱµûɣǿŮٲĬĬ˺벽վ
ʵгɻŮٴôЮ֡
ȿȣӦ˵һֱȥ
ǵƮƮŮٵһۣû˫أɷӵʱ̡
ؾصĸŵ̫밲Զϳ˵Щʲôظһ˵Щʲô
̫Ǹɫģǰ밲ĵºҲû˵ЩʲôֱӾһѵĶ
תϵķ顣
ĿϣڵʦͬἰʺԷж⣬ˣպ¶
ƾԼǲ̫լԼС˵ӾĻԣ׼ȷĲץ̫е˼
¶һڵǰڣ
ҪлϺУл棬ŵĻʹֶһ·
Ҳûǰ·ͷԣӶǹŮ̫࣬һվרż¼ʵӵĹԱؾصĵͷӦ
Ҳûж˵ֵķϻ
δ̨ܴ󣬸ûҪʱ򷢻Լ㡣
̫밲ֽһڡ
ҲڴĻڡ
һʵ̫ǧʺǧУŻʵۻ̫󻺻ǹڵϵ˺Լλϡ
Ůӣɲǵеǧ
񡣡
ϳſڡ
ǱĿѹûȺŵɿȥۣһԵĲ豭רĺȲ衣
ҶԱ֪סڵĬŮ٣רڵֵ֮Щ򲻱顣
ڵʧִɡ
ڴŮٵָ£ǾǸսĲŮλָߵһλķԼ
νĽҲǳ̣Ҳһ仰
˵̧꣬ͷ¶͹˻ȥĴԴģȹŮ̫඼Ҫнöࡣ
Ҫ֪ʹɱȹŮ̫ÿҪö࣬Ů̫໹ȥʼûĳ
š
ʹǽεεһһ𣬶޷ɢǷݲ˵
ĳҲ֪ٴΡ
ൽר裬ൽ̫顣
ֻһͬʱŵǧ
˵ʵҲǱ𾪵ˣǵùһһɣգôȥôࣿ
ν󹬼ǧŵȺ϶ûǧʮ
ںͷˡ
ѧŵˮ۾գգҲûдͷļƿֱֱͷʱ˵С淡
ӡ
ǵ̫СˣᶼڿתͣҲ΢΢š
Щʲô¡
˼֮һ
ֻô˫Ҳڷ۾
ŲͬɣĬĬпҵԼױݶ̫ˣٴϴʱա
ô΢
žսսǣϧúܣеӽֽЩͲסС֡ݺʣһһİοȥ
ϧЩʱµķСǡ
ǵĽϸһ㡣
ɰ淣ʮʮӦټСŮ
λֵͦͦ˳ģ
ǿ֢أǾʲôطվͲʲôط


28 
ٴϸ˱ͷ, оϤףиֱüСԼĳذԵС
ͻȻ䣬Ҳ, ƺӲܾѡˡֻҪǼٶ, ͨͨյȫսС
˻˸Ķԡ
ȻССҲܿΪԷĺϧִһ, ɢۼʣ¡
ô룬ܴճ˺, ҲƺǺϡ档
Ͼͷö࣬Ƕֶడ
ع۲һϵļС, ϸ˿Сǣȷֻǳɫ԰Щƺûпʲô
˿
˵ֻƽΪֹͦ˵ģҲûûҽҾȹһ񻹶˸޵ͷ
Ҫ֪Բƾն, ǶʵʵѪ
ʹĵ˵, Ų־Դ
һϤС׺˼ҵʱǼӲҽܾͽˡ
һʱ, 
ʹŹŮ̫Žˣǿһ, ǳ䡣
̫״֪ʵ۲Ը⿪ҲͷЩ, ˵˼䡣ҲŽ˸ʺ󣬱ټڻʺĻ, ͬʱþº
˵˻ʼ뺵Ļʺ
ܻʵ̬, ǰ̧δŶм֮ʹ, ǻʵ۵Ļʺ, ҲǴѹĻʺ
عʱ̫ƮƮĻָĽصĵ飬ﻰⶼά
æмĳ̫ȥĿ⡣
ܿϧԷƶûһۣȻҲûܵĸм
̫Ǿ䡮ҷˡǷ׷׶ͬˮӿȥС鲽ٶȴ
գۼĹ
ͷֻʣλѹˣԼ䵱̴ǡ
ʱǽ͵ͷȲȵ뿪ĵϳڷеĲյ̧ͷ̫󣬻˵ȻĸˣЩȥЪţЩҪЩٹĸ˵
⻰ֻ̫ǰ˰֣ûжԡ
ȥǺıӰȫʧſڴ̫ų˵ʺҲȥգڹߣĴ㡣
˵̫꣬վִڹŮֱϣȥ
Ůߵǰ񿪿˵ūġ
ҵ˼ǣ񡣡һʱ֮ЩӦԼݣⱲͶ̥ͶòҲû뵽Լܳ󵽱Ȼʵ۾ͲôһĻʺ󰡣
ǵϰݡ
ȻʱĿֹܲпԼԴ
뵽⣬ַǷŮٻ˵߰ա
⻰ǰһ΢΢ͬʱֱ
״Ҳ飬ûԹҲܣȻǵһεʺ󣬿ɵײǵһμŻʺϱӵŵģӺݻǵ²ż汸̬ԼЫĳ
ֻҪ룬ݳ
󷽷ĵֺģǵȻĻ̨ףȻ󡭡
ų̂׸ˤ
Ĳ־ѧĸ֣һѾͷȻʷһ»ʹӸ߸̨ϹȥĻʺ
ȻЩС
ҲǸָ߹ԵԼܴ󷽺̬ǧı飬ǸʲôģǱ˿ɱȡ
Ÿ߳ĳȡ
İӰ
檸ʺ밲ұϤͬʱ
Ҳʲôʺˣ첽ǰһַһϴЦ⣬ڣɡ
Сöͷίڵòλˣò׼ţ̧ͷңǲѾõСã
ûУšʺĪҪ롣͵̧ͷæ˵
ͷյСúܽѧѧС˵Сǵ°ͣû뵽̧ͷСײһ¡
ɲɣĵԴ
ûдôһײʹòУæԴӴ

ڻʺҵĹŮ׷ǰʾ£վԭλá
ˣǧüͷ΢壬˲ֱ̧ȥȥôһ׿飬Ҳ
΢䡣
ƳȦͷЩŮ̫࣬˵ʲô۸
ͷЦ˵ǲǣҹﲻСĿһ£µġ
⻰ǧ㶣⹬˺Щ꣬ɲǵǸ׾ͱƭȥŮˡ
ۺ飬ºȴˡ
ټ곯صڻʹġϢŭ֪ǵľҹ²ù뵽ĻʹԼλĻʵۣǿﲻ⡣
СʶĿ⣬˲Ͳµ˶Է룬ǿһڱĵ󣬱æͼתƻýý㣬ҲɣҸĵطú˵˵ա
ãһһ淣λҲ͡
ڹô꣬ĵּ˲ɷͷݼ߸ߣ¹ò
ɷ׵СɵúúðοС
ǧƳԸĹŮ߲߿˵ȥѰЩҩ
λΪ⼸ȻûȨﻹзߵĹŮ̫Ҳץý˵ԵģĿǰ˸жġ
ԺҲӲЩɡ
ٰ켦æ
⼸ǧãҲסͬһȻЩͣŹûÿ죬Īͱʵ۴ӴӦ淡
ҲЩ
ֻҪܸƽƽסһͺã໥ˣյĻʹҲܹȥ
ԭΪӾˣ˭쵽ǻľȴˡ
óһʮ嶼ͬ޵º
֪㻹㶼ңߣҸ԰ȥۿλˮԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪ǶЩʲôίԲЩʲô
æ˳ǰȥ
ŷԼ̫ʶ·㿪ڶԼΨһӡĸŮ˵ģǰͷ·ȥѰ徲ĵطɽˮȾһǽطա
ੲݵĻһĵĴԽԽԶܿ죬ⳤָֻյƽ
ͷԽԽߡ
ǡһ紵ƶתת˸롣
ĵͷ㶾ȥɿһ½ǣߵ룬ĳֻİ껨è
ǼĶ࣬ūҲˣ
һ㡣
״Ѿ˴ūè߶ţҹߴߴҹ
ǰ߼ÿСϪͤˡ
Ļʺ˵ţ㣬СǾͱˣһޣ޵Ķˡô˿ɾͲˣСٿ㻹ô˺ˣýý㣬ĪҪ˰
ʱǰ˸ĬĬĸߴŮӣΪöŶͷһƬסͬʱﻹŸСŮΪԷᡣ

Ĭˡ
עŶһڽһڷһںýһСĻʺǸӡ


29 
Ҳֲá㡯л˳ڡ
ԭǻôý㡣, ಻֮һա
˼ˣֻЩȥԸٴĻȻ¸춯صطꡣ֪Ϊ, Ųȴ
Ҳ޷ǻɢϢºƿ
Ҳ
ֻúǹǻ˵ŮͬŮӽˡ
ҲǲСĿԴ, ǾͿ޳ˣ´ˤֽ·, ǴƵģҲ岻ͣɴӵջ, ⿪˵š
Ÿ¡
򴦵æֱͦӣ˫ֱֱżδĺ, Ҵ˵ޣЩɲã˵
ͬʱĬĬǧһ⻰üͷ塣
̧ͷǰеģ˼ֵŮ, ˵ö˶˵ģ˵ֻ, ´Ρ
úúãҲ˵ˡûСѸٲ˲, ڶֿͣСİСõױݲð߲
ҲϵĶǵױ
ȻǸƼʱǰͿë໭ټӵԲʲô, ¾Ͳֻǰ߲Ǿˡ
ջ, ͼ˵ЩʲôСѾױݾ¡
ûڡ
èУǵ, 䡣ž;ÿ϶ֻ͹ˮĴè
̧ͷķȥ, ֻһֻȷʵͬǰģĴ껨èСϪ档
ϡ, ƺ˵ƯŵĲӰ

ֹ˲ɣ
ʹô, ô꣬˿϶٣ԩľ͸١
йҲƺʲôֵ顣
δҲ̫̫˵㡣
֪ˡ
ǶҪ۹ˣ

ԣй
ⲻǹֻ˭ǵĴūСŮ˵ҲֻֻūҴȥݡ
˵һ룬͵ر졣
ǾĴܣȷϳˣҲûټ˵ȥ
ʹǵĻʹ
ӣǱˣ³ɲЩʧۼʣµɺö١
⻰ǧ֣ʾԷ˽š
ڽӻֻūڹʲôطܼţϴµģӴúܣܵҲ죬˭š
ŶݵøֻƵ껨èҲԺǵǼŹǼŰĲ²⣬ļСǵĻ⡣
껨èǱЩ߶þˣվýѸٵӲݴͷ
èûӰèĽȻͽˡ
˴ͨ͸ܾ˵лȥͤٻŮЩС죬߳Ա˵աǧЦſڽ
ʵϣֻǾô˴Ǻ˵ĵط
ЩָɫĻľɶǲ˵ĺõطʹѲ⣬ò
úúá
һԣ۾ĵͷڱģ붼ûȥ롣
һһǧֵ֣Ŀʼʽ
ܽǣıҪУ̵ҲҪϣһ㣬ָζĽ֮Ǿٺò
ԣģֱַ̌˵˵ĶͷЦ˵ǣֻųԡ
ǳԳԺȺ˯˯ߣȥҸͨ͸ĺСͤӣúóԸ裡
ԣ˵þе

Ǹߴǧ˱Ц˵뿪԰ӡ
ܿ졣
ͥԺΨвɡ
ϳվڱľڵŵľʯԣŻʺʧķ򣬵һοʼ˼ԼЩϵǣǲǶ̫ˡ
ͷܿɢԺ
ɸԼµū̧ʾⰵιСһ̧ķȥ
߼ͣԸϸһ鷽Żʺҵɡ
Ըǹǰ˵ĻʺĳЩı͡
Ͼ˭ǲġ
*
ʱֿţɵɲ֪ԼΣһȦ֪ԵʣλСҲ˵ļ
Ȼ
֪ҲֲʲôӦ
һûҰģֻԵҲ˵λֻҪʵʵַ֣ΧٶʮӣܺóԺúȺ˯
û취̬ôȡ
Ҳ̫Ϥеɰɣʱ仹磬ͬ˵˵աǧߺŲ裬߳ȥŶԷѸգصԴģĬĬ̾˿
ǸûĺӰ
ͷҵȨþôȥ
ڻʹ˵Ļʹ
뵽⣬в豭Цż˵ͬͲøܣôЩ꣬׶͸ˡڹ⼸꣬ҲҼ˸ȱҲ淡ӹƽƽҲġ
ú棬ɲľõŮɫ󹬾ܽദ
ϱôһ仰˵ĵطн
ﲻˣŮˡ
ǽʮŮ˵ĴͥŮ˸˶жʮСȺοʮˣ
Щ⣬Сô̤ҲȥĻʹ
ǵʱŵǻꡣ
ү棬ϵٲҵƫԶɽũŵԻؾүһŻصУ̫ҽԺ߾ȫҲֻүֳࡣ
ֻ˽ٺò
ʵǻָ⡣
ǼũھдˣҲ֪ǱǣʲôүǰŵŮũ
ھзųϢ
Сӵ˶˾飬ֶӵ˶֤
ͣҲֲڰֲũү塣
ǧүŮòᣬӴѹһֱ񣬵ǧⱲҲֻһˡ
Ƕ۰ʹи׸˻ȵ˸š
˭֪飡
ԽԽЩɽũÿնسŵ뽫Ƕɱ⡣
мַЩʲôҲȥҲû취֪̫ϸ顣
ֻ֪
ԭͬ˵Ÿ޳֮˺úĥȥǧͻȻ˵Ҫ빬
ţҲûܼ档
꣬һ򷳵òУĬѡ֮¡
òɫҲͱǿѡԵߵľٸ׸˳ȥŮò㲫һٻ
ʱ㴫Ůɫֱ֮¡
˰ղ֪⣬Ա˭˲
ˣһμѡŮɲ٣пŵģгĬŵģҲٲЦŵġ
С֮һ޲ҲЦֻĻͷһͱǡ
Ǹ棬ԺҲ
ʹǳ˵Ļʹ֪ƣ֮ˣ⹬类Եģͷʣ¡
ǧ֣սԷڣӸλ޷ֹܺ󹬸ȨƵζͲ׷¡ˣ̰ģֻҪ࣬ңˡ

ع͵ôһιԽʵĻе£۾գգǰʱ޴󷽵ǧͻȻ;һ̶Էİģк󹬷ɵĸо
빬󣬺ڻˣ
ǧãȻ¶ĶԷ֣峺˫ѹ־Ŀ˵Ϊʺ󣬱ҪȨƽУ뻹ǲ룬㶼ˡ
ûƹܷӡĻʺУҲǶ˸ʺͷա
ۣġ
Ҫ֪ǰɣֻסڵеģҲһ˰ա
빬ʱɥֽ֣֮ҴмЩ£ȻҲ̫ù
ʲô㡭˵һ飿Ѹٺ˿ˮѹĸޱȵ
ֻʹԵٻİ
Ҫ飬ҪͬĺɱûаĻʹ֮пһѪ·ææµµ뱲ٵ̫


30 
ĶǵķƴѹͲһ£
δ̫˰ɣ
, 뽫ڻʺȨƽקԼǧֱֱ˫¶峺ѹøͣСȴޱȵĻ˵, , þ֣޷׽󡣡
Ϣɥʹ
λȷʵǱ, ûȨƣϺҲǵ˼Ҫһ仰䡣
˭˲η
þսս, նڱŵСĹӡ
Ҳÿˡ
䲻ŮɫȴɶԸĵز, ֮ɶء
˼ˣǧ΢΢˵˵Ҳֻ, ʹȥĻȥ
ηηš
, ñܿߵĵط
⻰ٴ豭˿ˮʹˮº, ޹Ĵ۾ǰƺڻǧ, ˵㣬, µ𣿡
ڻװɵǳó

оֱһάȵ飡Ѳɿƾĵŵʹƴʲǰ̣
Ѷȣƺˡ
ǧ¶, ֹŴ󷽵һ, Ƴ, ˵û¾ѧ, ѧҹĥ
󹬻ƽͣΪ໥ƺš
Ȩ໥š
˻ʺ󣬲֪֪ǸʲôԸɵ߶ڻʺϡ˭Ҳ֪˭Щʲô뷨
ʼ磬˿СӺ󣬺εĿ˵ҾĥŬҲûͮ㰡
ô档
ôȤֻÿ˶ܵĬ
ʲôڻϮְһ̫ڱ˻ֻ߸һԾǽǹС˵Żֵľ顣
ڻʵϳֱӱʾⳡϷˡ
ô裬Ҳµľ顣
Ҫ˵ǹ˶̫ˣԽԽ࣡
ԵĲᣬϱʱסŵǸŮᣬѧʱǳˤţֵòСѧϰԽԽţӴһ٣ѧ˵ʱ䶼ûУҶɢżžܰС
ȻǶõģ㵹Ҳѧ
ǧû̧˿Ȳ裬ż˵˵ٶ࣬Լȥÿ죬û˭ʡ͵ĵơ⹬󲿷ҲʶӣЩ꽻õĶҲв١ױ䣬ĻҪš
£һֱĬĬŵĵæ¿еʳæ˵˵öԣ˼ǻ˴Ӵ֣ЩĺúšѰЩ˵ĻͺãһЩܹǺõġ
ʹʲôҲţɺܶʱɶɼ
ãͷ
Ȼڽһ£͸ǽСӦһ㣬֪ȥʲôطĻĽҰ롣
ǵĺˣҲ˽ȥ⻰˵̫ЩѲǶ𣿡оƺеأλϵıҲЩÿȤŻԾ
Сӣι
ûȴǧˡ
ԣǵĻҲȫšǧ˵ҲĵԴ͡
ֱȥã΢紩ͤ䲽ҡϸ
ǧŻɿ֡
ǿСӽӹֶˮ˵ڵĶҲһЩǡ

һ̵ǧǹٮٮߵĸоˣǵ˸ģһһڸԼĬȤǶôĸ롣

ǹ¶ĸо
ǿȻôû취أֻҪ㹻ĬȤ綼ᱻж
ˣͬϸ˵˵ɣǻʺ󣬵ʱ˿ɲһһ㡣ǧǱĵģæƿ
Ҳա
鼱ã
Ҳ֪ʱ
Ƿ˿㲻ıġ
ǧеЦŻ˵󲿷ֶǾĽ㶼ϵǣϵû㻹üǵǵλ֡ͬ˵˵
һ⻰æӰǰǳרעƯͬ˵°־䡣
ɲǹ
ôŮô࣬ɶǺùأ
ܿ죬ܽǧе
˵λӷֹܺ󹬣Ⱥÿﶼô顣
ǧǴһλм©ģֵʱҲֻסŷԵĶ顣
䲻ǸŵӶΪһ飬ǰеĹµƹܺ˲ᡣǰǰȵ͸ӵˣǹŮȴҲĵõء
̫֮Ů򱻼ݺҵû̫ӵĻʵƽ˶ӵǻʱ㱻ΪƹŹдС
ڵ
⣬Ϊȵ۵ɥĽŹ£סϽϣ书ߣ
ȴӵе־Ȩһɽʹơ
Ӳϲ˽Ҳܼͬʱټӳüζ˵
֮еɣ˵֮⣬Ҳû˭ٴ̤š
һʱµ־˳˸ָɽͷķˡ
书ǿв۵ҪǮա
һģڸ߸ߵ֦ͷһա־࣬ͳ·Ȼû˭Ұ˷
ǶɵȥŮˣ
Ȼ
˹ƺҲԷŮ
˵õأΪ档


31 
ʹһ²ǰڵĵģ, ŷԼô벻ϡֻǵöԷӢʮ㣬Һܸߺܸߣڹŵһﶼָߣ
ʱ˼, ĬĬĽԷͬԼʶԶбȽһ
յóĽۡ
ںĿһʵ, ͷȻǸ߹, ־ﶼûܱȵù
ŵߣ˵Ҳһװֱһ׾ţҪ, ȳƲֿ񣬹ֺÿġ
뵽, °ָֹܷ絽ԸϣǸöáҲһ²һĿҲһ¸ӽǡ
ģ̌ͷƳֿʼŵеĲյϷЩ, ͬż˵ȥͬ, ᲻Ը⡣
߰˵һЩ˭Ļ
ڹҲûʲôڹ, һ仰ܱ˵ѱץš
˼ˣ˵ҪΪָ·ס, ƾС죬ָܺõԸЩ
ڴȤ, ⲻ˵˵աǧƺЩģæסԷ, ˵˵, ξ, ţ
˵, ֵסԼͣʵжİ̶ȡ
ǧЩεĿľٶԷֿʼ˵ǲ˵ֻҪãЩ˵Щ˵ɼǵóʹʱסڵλӦ
⻰Ÿֶ˶٣ǧ˵ͷ
㻺ʼ˵顣
ʵҲټ򵥲ӦĸһϧȷʵҰҲСԴ̫
ڵ̫ǰ˵Щ˵Ļ
ȻûȻˡ
˭Ҳ֪λӦȥ˺δ֮ʹҲûôˡ
ӦĳЩ˵̽·ʯաǧ˵ᣬᵽ΢һɢˡ
ͬλòӦǰ㣬紵ɢ
ַϥ䣬˵ѽҲͻȻͻӣʱͬһɰͺá
ԣǳɵĵ˵ͷЦеı֤һһ
ɿ־أ
ǧЦҡҡͷ˸ȡ˸ӷУżʼ˵еɡ
˵þȤ
Ȼ;µģ»صԸ޹˵Щʲô
Ҳû˵ȥӻúܣеʱЩӵĹϵСԴ
Źиְ£ĸλСͤ˴գ˳緹һͤˡ
ǧͬԽߡʱλСá
ߵҲֳɡ
Щȥһ¼ױҪôߵĹŮ̫࡭
СǶʹȾ׸Ⱦɫ
ǵɰɵųԵ򹬶ļ־衣˵;ŵǧ֮ٮٮߣǵӾС˵ԷԻ벿
ǧǰ˵Ǽж׼кʵԼŮв׵飬һֵĻ
Ҳ̫֣ū
˵ͷֻŸܾͣСԼǸ˳Ժټ˵ʲôаСݰ

Ҳȷʵ
ȥаǸݴʣͷǳˡ
أСݰҲСݰֶΣ²̴˵Ҳʮأ
ܼÿһϲ
ݰҲЩɵġ
ϴŮ֣Ҵӵżʮ̴ӣƵĳԼĹȥ߱ŹĻݲݣúܡ
Ժ
ֺÿǹɫζ缸ԤƵӳأҪ̫̫ˡ
ܰһЩͺˡ
̵ܿ۵ˣΪ֮ò˵ܸ˰һǧҲǿԡ
ǣû뵽Լ޹·ô
ʱһСӣֱִָŮٲӾ͵˰
϶ԼôŻʺӺݻ̬̫ˡ
뵽⣬ٵö˵ֽʵʵŮѹȥŶԷŅ̀ûаֵĻȱ仯תͷ̬˵û𣿱ܾ·ƺҲ̫Щ
ܿ죬ջһСӡ
ͷСǣÿһȵ˵ˣ֪ͲӲǼ·ˡ
̣֪Ϊʲôɶƴ
ôȵĽͶ̥ʮˣǵһأ˵˭
̧ӵļ̫඼湦ġ
ÿһ̶ȵòС
ҡŮٵݸӣƵļüǰĹ
׳
Ҳֲã˶ӱ
ʱ»СӾͣ
ۻûʼɽͷڵһ¹ߣŮٵ߽΢Щİ޹֮С
ҹȥ˵סĵط޹
ԵĲ˵ͦġ
ͷǹźУϰףԼĪǵùҸࡣ
Ҳ֪ǵ̫ԼԵʲôԭ򣬰迴ɱ޹Ҫöࡣ
ⷽ沢ûж󣬾ǾúɫЩϱӿֵֹ̫ĿֲƬܾùŴĺ͸¶żɭ
˶࣬Ҳ¡
ʵЩɣǲǵߴӲˣԼͷôһ̴ӡ
ͷҵľͲ˵ˣﾹȻУټӹʮŮԼλ֡
⣬δҲ̫Щɣ
ˣþ͸Ƶġ
ֲϰߵġ
ŮٵĲ»ߵλǰ£ǰѸٲϢŵһƬˣЩŵ
ת˸µʱ䰡
޴ЧɣϸһԼЩȻġ
Ȼ࣬Ҳ顣
ŵӾС˵ʺ̬ģٽһºü߹Ҵ󸾵ĸоۺЩ򵽵̴ĵá
Ŵһ鳸ԭ
ĵ˼ڣʱ࣬ŻùŮ̫˵Եˡ
ڼһҪ᳹⡣
Ͼ̬̫ļȼֺʣҪǲܷʲôطЧָ߹ĸоɣ
ôõġ
ܿ죬Ů̫ǶԼ˵ʵͦüǵģǴﶬСʲôӡ
вǴ̫ˡ
ĺ˭ûټס
ҲʲôҪ顣
ʱȥϵԸˣԼҲ˵һֺ㽫аŵӷ¡
վó˵ƣͬ쵼ʼСһ鳸桱
־䶼Ӽﳭġ
лЩСüдܵԼլʲôûôѧᣬǼסһ޹ؽҪѵ⻰
˶ĵطȻֿ
ˣⲻһõϣ
ܿ죬ֻºģʼ桯һ־͸Ը´Ͳ١
ǵʮױɶǽʵʵĽ鱦
ûʵ۵Ķͻʵ۵̴ճԼˣⲨҷǳ֡
ƣݽ
˿ڲǲӵľ̵ǰ־Ϳ˵Ǹòһ¼ױ
һʱҲûʲôɣӹ˲ӣȥżױƫⷿ
ԭֻǴʱ䡣
ȴû뵽Ǽô֣ô飡
ƫǰƯСԺƯĻľžµҡΣ̵Ļ裬Сġ
һҳһҳķ˲ᡣ
ǼŸȤĶֻҪͣˣС̫඼ǳȡ
ԻרžӵĹŮεʱͰѾӵϡ

ϣⲻ빬
ôֵֿ
붼û
ʱƬһҪַϼš
ĸˡ
ǳǳ֣
ԭôķǳʵˣ˭üƫĲƸ»ܵȻա
ġ
л죬л棬ҪǸлⱲ鵽Ŀ֡
Ը⵱еƥ桭˰ɡ
͸ĳɹú󹬣Ҫú󹬳ΪгͥõΪ˷
ĬĬºԶĿ
̧ĬĬ˲ᷭҳڿ֮УʱʱԸСʲôģٺȿڲ衣
ֱ̫ˡ
Ŀ֣ҲˡʵۡŮɫעԵˡȻʺȫܰɣһѵȱһݶϣ
š
Ƴǽĳ̫İĴӰӣɲǲǰһ֮ԵĴ껨è
ë׵ĶûʲôֿҲܾûūˣϾﲻĻûèѺڷƱȥˡ
гɻڿҿλΪָëС
Ȼͨٻû취ôСһ
ֻʣһСɵĵӣʾ̴ӶҪ棬ŸǽķȥɴèֱԾԺڴʯذϡ
ȹӣèԶĵط
װСɵǰƣͬʱ˵ѽ
èͽ䡣
ٰ䣬ٶ࣬󶼻Ϊ䡣
껨è֮ͬӰֱֱǰ޴࣬Ҳߣиͣ
ģèԼֱ׵ߣöԷ϶ԼԵ
ΪʺҪôһֻè
ȻôֳԼڲͬ
èڹ¶ô꣬϶ڵעĲʺ٣
һĽлһߴСԹŲֱ껨èһ֮ңλãͣ
˶è㰲ȫľ룬˵벻иѽֻҪ㲻˵Ҿ͵ͬŶ
ҲȴŵĴ껨èδģǰ࣬ûзκ
ֻҪٿһ
Ͼͻɿ뿪ط
õŶҵèˣӽͽܿհҶJ˹ԯսόһҲһ֣ûԼǺš
Уٴ껨èǰȥ󣬼Сֹ԰ɣ԰ɡ̣ûôΣ潹СŶ
껨èҲòˣצӣֱӰסɣԴһͣҧסˡ
ãҵɣҵèˣԷŶЦעһɾͲץĴè䡣
֮
䰡ů֣ѹ֡èȥ죬˵аèСأ
ӵèû
ͻȻ껨èɱԾ˸ǽ
͵صɴ۾˵㡭ȥĶ˵ҵèأ˾Ͳˣ
ū˽ȥûͷյźĹǽϦµķƵ

Ͳˡ
ܾԼèˣѾèˣôôأ
ǣк̴ӣƵèƶԷҪҪȥʲôط
껨èҲ֪˸ԼҲ߶ˣͷȺࡣ
βһһΣգڳЦ
ƹĳŵʱӿٶȡ
һèûӰȾͳ嵽ǰŴ㿴èȥʲôط
üĳİӰ
֮ϻ֮ˣ˵ϳ˭
ֻֻūСɣŵȣȻڵǰǸ̫ɡ
üһ
ñ˵ι
ֲû֮˼ҶͶιˣܲ
ǳʹʹèèԵ޷֣ģҲֻеϴū
ȻʧϢĽԼ̽ȥСԴջ
ǶԿֵӰҸĵطԸͺúˡ
ȴû뵽ͷĵֱֱĳŵķ׼ȷޱֻ¶Դߡ

Լ˿ڵӡŻۿۣϾ¶ԴŵĹҹƺ
ΪάԼ
󷽷ߵ⣬˸Ŀѯ˵£𣿡


32 
ߴʤ
ѹ¶֪ϲ˽, ɴ˿ɼŵĻʹǵߡٶ٣϶Щį¶
һ, ȴʺػ, ӡҪǣ˿ڵе衣
ǻԵĲݰ
, Ժô㣬⡣Ź֮ʱ, ͵ؾˣ
ǰǣôŹʵһ졣
ϳûлش, ֱֱǰԶλЩʱӵұŮʵһ䣬мý㡣
ֻ˵ƺ̫׵ðȥ, ûʲôҪ
˼ȥҲֻա
þûȵ𸴵Ҳ, ֪˵Ⲣ, ˵飬Ѿ㹻
ڻʵ۵Ĺ¶
˵õ, Իδʱ˳
˼ˣЦĿ첽ǰ, ԶλͬʱǳȳϵĿ˵ûԵĻһɣ
ϳǴȥò, ܾѾ, ڶ˫ڴ峺˫ʱ, ֪Ϊξûп, Ǹĳ˵ͷ
Ҳǣ뿴ԷҪЩʲô
ջߣתƽò͵Ĺȥ̧ͬʱ˵߰ա
ãѸٽ˻ů¶ĵһǴ컰⣬ĬྸԷ֡
ǣȵĿֻβ͹סĴ껨è΢΢֡
˵è𣿿׻˵ˣ̬⶯ʱ÷ǷޱȡҲֻƯūë͹ˮģܵҲ죬˵Ů̫඼ס
ϳͬǰ㣬Ҳκ˵ĻᣬҲҪ˵ֻҪǰ߾ǡ
յ벻ףΪʲôô˵
ֻèܳ컨׹
ű߸ŵèֻǴū̧ͷһۣĬĬƻԶλá

Ȼֻһ˾ó֡
ۿԵŮѾʼ˵ԼǼױжḻǵʮױʼлٿڿ˵Ǹˡ
ϳѸ̧ƿţºеͣЪţæ˵ɣ˶Ѿˡ
ҲֻʳܶסԷ졣
ϾԷһǹڳԡ
⻰ȹżŵ߽Ĵ
ͿѾںõķˡ
ĲһžµúܡӶôСܲҲ˵ķ
ʵ۳Եûͦ򵥵ģҪ֪ͬСǶߵأֻĵˡҲ֪˵ݻЩǵ̫ڼ
ֻΪǧƹź󹬵ŷųԵúЩ
ڵڳⷽȽϽڼ
ô룬ÿ춼裬ŵ̴ӶûУ鶼ҪΪԶֻмСˣֻйûа顭
ʵ۵˼
ͻȻǳͬ¶ĵ̫ˣ̫ˡ
û취ܣӵɽȴܴʮȴܿⶼʲô˼伲࣡
սܵӸλĿ֣
뵽⣬ͻȻЩ飬ܲĿܵˣƺҲ̫Щɣ
˵ЩʲôȴԶ˵Ӱ̧ͷȥȴֻܲץںӰӡ
ٿ
ǰ˸꣬ҲԼһ롭ͷ
ɵĴͷ
԰աϳһϵķӦ㹻Լ½ĻʺԱ
Ͼ⹬ûСиԷͷԡ
Щɻ뿪˵ЩʲôŵѾ꣬աʳ޲ǹأĬĬ˿еĻ
ţ治ǵԸ༸ͷ˷һˡ
÷ֵȥѧϰ
ţӣ볢⼸ûôĲʽ
ƳūӣһβͷŴʳ
󣬾ͬūĴԴһ
ͷÿ˶ЩǷḻèĶҲţϵëûմ
ǵ÷ſû룬ǰǼһ͹ġ

ôһ˵ܾԼèҲ˶٣ͬԷأ
ʹ˼۴è󣬱̬ĽƻĲϡԻȵĲݰūͲ࣬ūܻץɲᡣ
ͺá
˼붼ԺרעʳԷĿģ˶̲סٶ԰뷹
ˡ
˶û˳ꡣ
ͷ̫ˡ
Щʱֳ˲С죬ܰѲ˸꣬ѾŵС
ŵڼԼԸ
㿪˵⼸ͷó檴ȥɣЩٵ졣
⻰ϳĿãӦš
ܾһ۹ֵֹģҲϸ룬ͼ֪Ķ˳Ѹʰиʣˣַɿ콫ͷװССʳУֱǰ
һӰ
ֻʣϳԼĳֻצĴè
صضţûܿĶṦ̫ˣлúһ£
ʱٴοˡ
ɫ磬һȥЪŰա
Ȼʵ۶ڸˣҲöе˵ϼ䡮ҲϢСʳ뿪
Ÿճţĺ̾ԣ޹
ֱ̫ѯСʳʳǷҪʱź֪ӦʣµĲǻ͸̴ӵģʲô˷Ѳ˷ѡ

ͷ
ϳǸܳԵķݰǸرϲͷķݰ
Щգܿͳ˿⹬ϴǿ֣øСӾƵģˮҲµģл겻˵СŮһԸ
찡
ⶼʲô
ĵڶҹ
ŵĽϣŮΪѡķ㣬ǴЦ⣬ξ
ʶɢǰԺֻһ뷨
׬ˣ׬ˣ
ա
˹˯磬ҹҲȣһ˯ҲʮСʱ
廹δ꣬˯ʱҲȫ㡣
ˣЩѣҪǹ߶˶࣬򼸸Ƿ
Ժϴϣ·ٻױΡ
ڵλųѹҴӴŮٿе֪̫ϲ˴һʮ밲㹻λ߶˻ʺ󣬺ù밲
ÿһΡ

оʺ͸ƵģصƳ͵űأ
ϱѧϲܲ٣˭ϲߺó·ȥ밲һʼôʺҲЩǶںü꣬ͻȻͱ
Ҳˡ
ǹء
̫Ϊȥ밲Ϊ̫ȨأʱТֻǸսӡûº
룬Ҳȥ롣
ֻ߶ۣʺҲ۰
λϣ˿ȵĲˮĥԼȻʲôģıݣ̬أӺ߻򵥵Ӻݻ
ܾöô
Ҫ֪Ĵ󲿷ֶˣϳ˲ϵõ֮⣬ɶеĽлأû취ƯĽûвġ
˼ȥס⡣
ʱѾſڣֻܹϵ΢Цĵȴǽ
ߴһλһλɫƮĻѹѹס
˺ôסׯģ
ҪǻԼǸʺ󣬶ȥеϽǵ֣콻
ЩϤտɱȼҪö࣬ҲģҪ̫ࡣ·ƯͷΣҲЦݡ
ţ׹뿪ʢ򻨴С
⣬ٴθллҲлΪѾǳҸˡ
ףԭǿԼӱġ
ôõĺôˣϧͣ


33 
Ȼ, Ǿɣôįѩ¶ĺﻹҪôůġ
յպҹŵơ
¼ǵǿġ
ûκεķǷ֮, ֻŵĻʹһλ֪ðˡ
û뵽
δʦû, ȴлῪˣҲעɣ
ע, ҪôһС
齥ǵԼλ, ҲΧ˫۾Լǿ΢Щ̬Цݡ
סݳӺݻ̬ǧģ
ġʺ밲, ɹģ۵׺ǶˮһڣŻ˵񡣡
ΪʲôҪȺȿڲ衣
ǵȻΪӾ϶ôݵ
Լֻ㲻ͷ׷˵, ͻȻе
Ϊ벻ԼҪ˵Щʲô
꿴Щ綼ôڵˣһƬհװ
û취, ʱȣҲֻɷ, Ŵվԭأ㿪ڵһ·, ȽҲЩˣŰɡ
˵, ʶοܲ
ʾĺ̷ԸŮ̫ȥЩӹ
⹬ִֿ󣬲Ȼ¶ݲôǸԴŵ幬Ů̫ࡣ
ˡ
ǶλָߵԾѡλ, Ҳǽ⹬ŵСһȦ
ǶѾ, ˮʲôҲѾ, Ҳʱٴο˵ʲô
˵һ, ǲ˾
Ÿ£Ϳ˵ʺֱӻҵȳƺűǣЩ̫ˣҲϹأλÿɶܲ𡣡
˵ģ˾ļˣӶԷԼǿľ룬ƲԷӦǧλʱִƷӡ
ùȻƯ
֣ö̲ס࿴ۡ
ǡ
ôźЩϸƷƷûʲô̫⣿
Ҳﵽʲô˼ЦŻڼ˵ҲλСö࣬һ㣬Ҳ֡㣬Σ
ᡣ
û취Ǹýдҽ㰡Ůӿɼƽˣɱİˣ
һ⻰ֻǵЦЦλϱŨױڲסòŮ󷽷ĻӦʺϲͺá
£㴹Ȳ裬ٶ˵
ŴǱʹļˣĬĬϧԷ룬Ȼʲô̫ᣬƤӾģôô벻Թأ
˳һֵҲûپ¡
Ŀ⿴Ư㣬Цż˵˵أҲûжأ͵Щҳ˵Ҳǻת۶ȥô꣬һǵúЩûʱѰȥء
⻰ͷһҲоʱͬõӦôţղ²
ɶǳĬţŻʺɵ̸
֣ͦôƯ죬ܲɣ续һ㣬ģͺˡ
Ȼŵܿͽյǧָߡ
ֵ̫ԣЦݵĻ̵̫ߣ˵ٶҲԽԽ졣
ٮٮѾȥˡ
õı΢΢ˮ˼ڣƽһ飬ȹԼʺ̬
շ
ֻǿֵĿʼѣԺеʱ䡣
ÿһ¸飬һգȸּģһĴչ³ΪгĴͥ
ҲСС֡
ǾԲ캦ڣÿƯƯɶǱĲƸ
˼ˣǹˣúú˼һ£νгͥ
ֻҪһ뵽ɻ
ľͺʹ
շ²յ㿴ͮҲߵǰûȿѯЩʲô
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˫ĴһöССӡ¡
Ǻ˲ӡ£㽻ʺʺĿ־ǹ
һٶֱӰˣҲúɴֲ
ǧԼǲǳʲôþϾҲ㵱ô黹ӡµϷ룬ñɲò̬ǴþӦһº󹬣ô
¡
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ûǴ뽪ͮ󣬱нҲһ顣Щ깬ӣҲǻӡ˰
Σɵŵģһ̣Ժֳ︡ľǰѯȵĻ档
ռеϳ˹˼Ǻġݰѹûʲôָ
ݰ˹˼

飬ʥϱ㽫˲ύɣʺΪйӦӡ¡Ŀ˵ţûж۸˵һƽ顣
̧ͷ˫峺л㱡
δ
ԷǸǵСŮȴ档
˵Щʲôȴ˫ʶǳ̬ǵԷǰһۡ
뵽⣬ƺΪʲôԷὫӡ½
Ҳһ˿
Ǹ׵Ĺ£׵ϱӵӾ綼ԸݵڣŴŷҶȻҲǸ硣
ڻûгΪ֮ǰ
ͮϽеĴĳӢ۾ĳʶ̶͵͵ˡгԹҳӣҲء
ƼҴɱ¾ȥ䣬õʱ˿ܺУɽ˺Ĺ󣬱¡
˭֪һԵټ
Ҳ֪ʱ֪飬ʱý֮ԵమǻܻοͬϲƼҡƼҴɽ˷ˣֱӽͮ˻ʹ
ƼҴδ飬ôЩĴսϻ˵ʱ޷͵˰̡
ƼҴ书ǿԶİ·ֻ֪ˡ
ΪͮƼҴһŵ
ʱʮ꣬ԺשͷȥƯ棬Ȼͽӵôֿ˽ͮ˫޵ͨۡ
˿ǳ
ҲٵİǾĶֿ̿ġ
δ黹ԸҲûκͨƼҴû֮Ȩû
ûоҲ֪Σضʹൽеġ
뵽⣬ּ˵ƼҴǸģ˳ּƼ￴λֵָľд衣
ȵȣָ֡
ĽͶòӢĵеĶϡ
üһ
ƼɱȻҶ׷ɵĻ棬ɲǵǵƼҲδأ

뵽⣬üͷ΢壬ͶΧģϤĽǡ
ƺš
ʲôôһŶ׶ǰԴǲС֪жأ
˭ԸƤƽûиǺͼ޲ȥСŮأ
СŮرҲرϡ
ĺߣҲСϢĺ÷ߣҪǻðοοЦЦ
ټСͽ˳谮ĴҴܣңǼңֻҪƯ㣬ǰŸ㻹ǳһҪųš
Ҳ档
֪󲿷˵ܣǰ𣬻ǶԹǷǣôһ㡣


34 
ô, ͻȻԼͺܲأ
бոܵʺϺ󹬵𣿱˵ֻǸλֵûκι츳ƾЩҲʹƽĻȥ
, ǻʺ
һӵд󲿷СܵĻʺ, ûаĻʹֻҪ㹻Ŭ, ϶ܽ账гͥ
Ҳûбõְҵʺ
˵
ͶЩӵй氮ɵƯɽǣƳ۵, ǰɹŵϡ
ͷ͵öˡ
, ðѺȥӦ˵͵һȺ˵еĿɰա
ң̫ˡ
̵ͬ÷̵ù¶ĵ, վ첽ߵǰ, ַסԷֱۣ˵, ڡ
Ÿ˵롣
عǧҲǰ˫ϥ, ǴЯŵСԿף֣ؿ˵ʺ, ǳƹܵӡ£䲻˲, ȴҲӦһͬ¡
ΪƼһѻ
ԽӡȨջеһ, ĻֻһΡͼ֮, ʱǡٳ, ϾԼйŵԺӲࡣ
˭֪ƽԵϡ
ȻˣǧҲٳɡֽ빬˽ӣԶԶûб빬һվôϷɵˡ
Ƶӡٺò
ȻҲ롣ջطӡ»Ҳֻвܳ֡ʹεĵط
ԼСҲæֳһֻ֣ȥԷͬʱ˵ա
û˵꣬ͽӵǧָߡ
Ȼ֪ԷὫʺȨУһʱҲǼ£Ϊպ·
ǣ־ڴˣҲͬڴ˰
նȥʲô˼ʱ̷ţо۾ұϣĪͱ˺
˿Իƽʱꡣ
ң󹬶ٲΣǵһ仰飿
ûаĺ󹬣仰˵ҲǸȽϴЩҵ
ϰԶǵʺ󣬻ɣʱĴŰˡȥҲû취ϰ壬ݴһ㡣
ɣڵŵλݴͺܺð
Ժ˭ʵۡ
ֻҪţڻʺλã̫˻ܶռһ̫
һεĵù밲

ô룬ҲͻȻЩʲôˡ
üͷ΢壬˼ȥǾǶ̫вŻʱЩܻһСҪС
ôôҶæ
˼ˣЦŻ˵ǵĺⱾˣֻǱЩδϤ಻ȥҲ黹һּ˹ĺ֣ǱȲõġ
˵⣬תԶ侲ֵ˵Ҳ˵˶书ϵÿƬҶӶ֮ͬسǲͬȻ½Щӡ½ɽǱܣ⣬ҲŽǶáȻҲʲôýǲģǶ಻áɡ
һеķϻ
Ҳ˷λ뷨Ȼֹ¸ת߻ǰˮһڡ
вյ棬̧ͷЦ˵Ƕ󹬹üãֻЩ඼ϣ˵ɶͣͳɶࡣĽƽҲƵûšͷĽǱǩַ֣ǰͷļѧЩաƣѧϡ
һĽֹĵ˳
ͬϴ԰㣬ԺС
ҲûǰҪȨǰͷӪһֻҪԼŬҲȨ绽ĸо
ϱӵĻ˵ǻ
ʱֻǸδ꣬ҲǶٻĲϾѧУÿʦڸǻ
ǹڴѧõı
Ҫĳѧҽѧʾ˴ѧʳһߣ㶼ΪдѧʦҸ
ȥûҪֻѧʦϿʱǿӰ赭дԱַһõδ
Ȼ
ҲûкɣҪ֪ЩȨԭקģԵýζıǿɱȸһ⻹Ҫʹ
Ϊ˲Ⱥæڼһƣ룬Ȼ㣬ÿֻطѡͻĽ¼ֱתٴγǩȻҲѰЩʱȥԵĹƣֻҪŵĶ¾ͺá
һڱʾֱǿŵı
ǶֱŰա
ڵ׻᲻ᱻߡ
͸ôʩչƽ̨ѧЩʲôЩʲôܵõЩʲôƾԼı¡ֻҪֳҲҪչĶǣͺˡ
뵽⣬ǲ̫⣬ɲô۾㣬ܻ̯ˮɲУ
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˶
ʵͲһܲԼ˶ֻҪۣ;Բ˿ʲôԹȨƸߵ͡
ڹʦû˵仰
ǵȻеģ
߸ϺУȻϺͬ˵ɲǳڹʦ֮
ңҲΪƯǺá
һ˷۶ڲסСԼһܾߵϸ塣
˵ôֵݣ
ɲУֻʣһˣį
Ϊ˳Զ㣬Ҫ塣ⲻǳĵ趨һôôѧôΪĽ㡣
书߳ڻһо¾ͽΣЦſӢʮĴԷüͷ΢壬ҪܽӣڶԷ֮ǰ˵ĪҪžܽӣЩͬϸ˵
ʹô󣬵סӥʹ־ҪԵɲ̫ӽ
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պϴպϣҲǿǸ飬籦㳤ĶŮѧʱ̹ɷ飬ѵ£ܸ٣϶ڻ¡
һȦУǾ͸ĳɰȦ
Ҳø꣬ȻҿһЩľţҲǿѵ
Խ룬;ⷨԽãԺʲôƶҲٷѾ˼ˡ
Ưϣϰ
ôô³Դأ
ˣȥ´һ£ʵڲо£ٷֱһꡣ
ûֵܹܲٵĿ־塣
еĻǸǸǼѵţŤѾû취ֳϲõĹˣԼǱڻʹרŰ컵µ̽ӡ
̾˿ƯСǣͻ˵һˣǡǡ彡ǱԸ
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35 
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ϾҲá
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˵꣬ҲڱԼԿھûܲ廰ɹС졣
˵ûܴҲ˸Ҵϵĸо, ̫ˡ
ѹֹһȥȨ߷塣
״λֵǶʵʵʺˡ
ʱ, ֻʣվŵİԼŵɹڵϵ
Ҳپ̬ڲյԵֻװģС, 첽ܵλǰһֲһ, ͬʱ˵, Ȼ
գ۾, Դѹǧ뽪ͮм, ֻ˲Ļڡ
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ºȷʵЩ˵Ҳʱű߼ʡ
ϰ߾ͺãϾ⻹ǰºֵĻ
ɲ֪ԼﻹȥȻ㱻ҲЩʲô£˶صŮӡ
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ɲں֣ΪԼܶ
˼ˣǧֱ԰ͬʱǣڱصõЦݡ
ǧҲûʲô취֪ԷֵֹĵӶúܣֻűֳʲôӾˡ
ŷһһУҲģٿա
ʱҲˣǲͬһø֣ѯʣȴѾ̧ʾĺȥ÷ˣûƯǾܾĻᡣ
˵ȨѹҲãԵʲôҲա
Ưǿʼһõ̲ͣҪ
ҪѹסȺլǹͷĸλɣֻиʺͷԼЩܿɲ
֪ԼǺ۸ġ
õԼû취ֱֻ̫ӳȰѻʺļӰڳȴЩԼǷСŮƯǸֲ
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ֻҪù͸¶ڵİϢλ˭Զҡ
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ֺôӶʮˣ˽һѣ˳ĳ޸ˣͼ徲
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ϳ϶ɡ
һβУʵڶΣٲоĴΣһ˳չг󹬵Ļ
ЦſʮλƵϹɫСǣǳļڵôǵأ˵˵գ

ѾزҲºⷬɲֻ˵˵ѡԷȥѯʵŶԷʹΪԼĪǱҲӡ
໥ӹ
һһ䣬ʼǿ
ǽǻŭ𶼷йڴˣĺԽдԽĵӣλƯһʱԲ廰ӣҺ촽
Ҳ֪ȥֶãõʼԴ
ڻָԭеİ
Ҳڽӹдʮֽ
һһ涨˵ʵȿƼʱҵۣศɣǡѧҪʵ󹬵ɹüֱϱӵĴ˻ң
⽨ѹեɱʱ廹Ҫ°
ÿȵ٣°ǲڵ顣ңûκεļڣ
⣬ǲ̫ϿЩԼҪǴӦˣԺСҪٰͷ
⻰ЦЦ˫˵ϿҪѧЩڿЩӦġʺﲻǵǻ˱㲻ˣÿջȤءЩǲƣƣպٺúò䡣
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Ҫѧ߶Щʲôܲأ
ɾҧһ⣬οɶûô
ȰǧߣҲֻǲɵĵϡ
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ŵӦĹǿȡ
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⻰ŷӦȻΰ˵ôһжõò˼䡣
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ʱ򣬵Ѿǰˣߵλúɱͬ밲
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ڶ죬ûκĳȸƲĹţֱϳ

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ˣҲʲôҪ顣ģûԵ˿ҲĻʺϡڵ
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⻰ãȻŵеġ˭һԶĴūͽѹƨµβ˦˦ȥ˵ġءһ
ò˵
ǵèôİ䡣ˡءأ
Ҳˡ
ԭèèҲǲ䷹ˣô
ūгĹϵöһҲû˿Υ͸С
ǳĵͷӦģһÿ׼ֻ֣磬٣
ĵ֤Ϻ󣬱ﱸǽг󹬵ĺԸȻսộҲûжƫ
ô˵ġ
ܰ;ϣ
ڴ֮ǰҲѯʹûǣʹϳĻʹҲϳĺ󹬡
뵽⣬ôСֺЦݣԵ˵֮ǰܸһ𣿡
ţϳ̧հûüͬ㱨
ģĪǳʲôӲɣ
ǡùе࣬ҲЩأ밡ʹ󣬵ôЩҲһʲСĿо仰ﾡã
Խ˵ԽţҲûǰͬ˵Щ滰һϰĽǶȲȥѹեԼԱ
ɲǻʹΨһϰ
ûаĵطɳԱҲֻԱ
˵˵ţͷѸִõĶˣԼǵĺ̳д³̣˵ܽᶼдˣͰⷨ룬ʹܱ׵
Ů̫඼ʵԱ

̫Աδе˷ѣǱ˺Щ˶ˡ
ӵϳ˷ܵһֽ̧ͷĿעŶԷ
üĿºֱӺˡ

ۿѾʼϸϸǿҪԣе۵Ҳֻܴеһҳҳֽ
ϳҲò˼ΪʲôὫأ־ΪʲôڶԷѹʥּȥأ
ǣԷƽһ֮գ
ûټ˼Щû飬Ŀֽ¼Ķ
Ҳ֪ȥá
רעûٿڣעһļ
ʵ˵˾ǰȴӼУĺĥ
иͷİ
֪ͳ۴£Ͳĵˣ
ż尾֪͵͵˶¿ˮԵĵ̧ͷ
æʵ£Σ
ԣǲԡ
óԷɣԱϸ˵ٻغҲǿԵģ
ϳûֱӻش˵뷨
Щǽǵ뷨檲Ǹ˸ŷ򣬹ĽǶأλ㣬ǰλһʱûôסŵɽ㣬оЩǻ˰նƳ³̡
ʮλƯ㣬ҲǴԼһ¾˵ȻûгָĴŷҲǲеģҲǺܲġ
ϳԿΪûʲôʾδ̧ĿֽศɵĹ֮ϣ˵ǱȳеҪöࡣ
˵꣬Цһ
Ҳ֪ڳЩȥĳӣԵЩʲô

ҲζŵϺУĽһ·⽨ʱŮԵλ̫ͣ˵ϼŮܳһƬ졣
ϧǰŵǵ
¶ԷΪŮӣҲȶҡȨĻ⡣
ʱ˲ܻ̫ѣѾͺܺʣȻŸԴ
뵽⣬ͺԼֲݰСݰܶʲôأֻ󹬶æѡ
Цתƻ⣬˵ͬǵ뷨Σܷʵʩ
ǹһ
ŮĶףֻҪʱʣ𵽲һЧ

ʱҲܴĵһأ
ԼӦǲʧܵģӲԣʵϹ¶úܣ϶˳˼תƻ⡣
ʵҲ롣
⻰ϳֱֱ̧ȥڣʳõ⡣
㣿мڹ֪
ôһʣҲе㶣ôͻȻתƵ˽ϣ
ת䶼ûôͻȻ
Ҳ飬ֱó˵һף峺޹ͶڵСҲͬ󲿷ʶһ㣬ҲΪˣ󹬶ǳ檵Ľأ
ԣϳֱӽһֽ£ջߣӣȵʳ

ܾЩ֣ôǰĵ̫˵ӣ
ĵúúõ
һ仰˵ֱӾͳ˷оֹͶܲԾǲˣ
ѵǡ˵˻ɣ
Ҳû˵ɶ˸㡣
ģ롣
Īġ


36 
ټ˵Щʲô, ûͻȻַΧɼŵǲٴ̬ԼԷһһķ˼ȡ
ĬĬߵķͬԼĿˮȥ
Զʼ, ˵ЩʲôҲ̫ʱʳ޲Ҫ
ڵʲô, ӵкɽǧĶԷ϶ѸҵںСССʵڲУ˵ȳԱ, î㾢һ£
ϣԼǱʳջ󱻼ͷ, ӦøǰϳָʲôƢɡ

̫, ̫ˡ
ͻȻ䣬뵽ԸǷﷹͰ裬úñôأ
ĬĬԼС, ӣͬʱƳŵɫ, Էרעĳŷ˲ûзֹҲʹ󷽷Ŀʼвˡ
ۻС
ǳյʲôͨͨ׵Ժ, ԶʼˣҲù
ԭ, ٷԵúܰ
òͽĥһĥҲʥּʲô, øͷŵѾ㹻˭֪Ÿ¿ӣһȥ
û첽ȥ׷, ûİͰѴõͷʳеݵԸǰ

Խ̽СԴ, ѾҲѰʧӰ, ֻʣԸڿҿҵİԼĳֻԱצצĴè
ǰǾµСʳ, ԰˵Щʲô̧ͷֻʣԼ
ٵͷʧøɸɾè֪ȥδ
ô죬ֻŶͷСʳУżįĽŲ뿪յķ䡣
ɣèṦ
ֻƽƽԼһһӡ뿪
صԸͷݸŮٺ󣬾ͻ˰ҡεС԰ֱ۰ڸǹ̵СӣϦ³̡
ִƯСŮǸϸָеǿŴѣ΢ɬıζڿ̻ͬը΢΢ۡ
¼ް̫ˣ
ǲܷġ
󹬴гüޣֱӹϵԼǷ԰ȫĻ°µûӦһ첻Уĥһ£һ»û㶨ټָһ꣬ٲУʮꡭ
£ֻҪʵǣ
űϦҪȵĹʣ̧ͷһȦΧ̴ͬӺ󣬱⽨帯ʴ־ӼᶨԼеͷ
ҸɾʮĿʼв©ȱ
ţôһ죬ʵԼ˯ʱΣ
֮ļգÿյ밲ϽЩҪеġ¹ءѯǷ飬ԼûҪġ
Ҳûʱʱϼָĳ
ˣƤӵС£˵ֻɫ˿ʱСӡ
ȻҲûÿȥ䷹ȿȣӦ˵ǣˢڸĥһĥԷӦԼ󹬵ССԸ
ֻеɿڣʼ
ɲ̫Сģʹˮ̫Щܻþá
ǳĿԸж졣
˵ͷʱ򣬵ڵͷӦˣұʾȺ ֮»ʺɣģǧҪȥĪҪ;ϡ
ܾԼƷһ˿˿ΣգʲôǧҪȥţͲǺû

ô
Ѿһ󲽣ɹҲֻʣССľ룬Σղǳɹ·ϵĲ۵Сˡ
װʲôЦĶǰϳлһתͷͬʱ˵£ͷóԣÿնʣҲЩ˷ѣЩ
ЩѾͷ޹ˣ
̴ǻΪͷϵʳǸ׼ϼŲ˷ʳľֻǿſȥ
ôϼ죬ݰ˾Ҫͷˡ
ܲס
⻰ϳƳǶѳСɽİͷٿǰͬͷ΢΢գͣ󣬷΢΢ס
ĻʺЩ
˵мֳʱģ
ɲ֪ǰĵЩʲôòϵվŸСʳУְЩȳצɿߣ˰ѶԷëԴ󣬷ߵˡ
֮ǰСʳһЩ˵ϼ䲻Ӧ˷ʳĻ
Ĳٴͷˡ
ա
밲ʱʽ䲼˹еġƽȡô״ţֻԸæµĺܰƽ
¡
վλǰܵ˷ĸ
ǰÿնͬ۹飬Ҳûˮܣ̫ǣҪǵöһЩҴҲΪչ
΢ЩʧصľҲû˿ţվԭأɨ۷׷׵ɡ
ڽӴСЩ΢ϵʱ΢΢ͣ١
ηľȴš
ܿ죬Сɶ֮Ʒӡº󣬻˵ȴּſУʺСǲЩ³̣Щˡ
ƮƮʵȴĵúܡ
ŵҲûֻЦһ
ûʹ׼õİ˸ʮ֣һʥּʹ˽
˽ԾȻ׷׹ӭּ
΢΢Щ񣬺ܿؾؽǵ缰ʱɨһ谭ʥּ
û뵽Ȼ˹˼
ʥּһѹŵʱôպôò˵оĺˬֲøС˵ڴ֪ж֡
ѹһѹȵǼҵʱˬ
ȻʱҲôÿǡ
ǱȽ棬ʲô˵ôʵãˣɲ˵ģպϲȱ衣
ʥּƤͼ򵥵öˡ
Ҳٹ˼ЩʲôֱӰ׼õ淢ÿλɡƹܵ񶼻õһЩйصĶͲôˣרѰʱȥͬԷ̸
˵СС½վҪУҲһʱ֮չ
ϸ֮󣬾ǽƹܵĹã׼ֺʵĸλպ޹˽ӡصͬԼʱ䣬һǵĽ
⼸Ҳûš
ÿսῪչೡˣ漰֡䡢顢ռֹѧϰļܡ
෽˲ţַŵôһ㣬ʲôĲ˵˶ͨҲ˭
лỹôҿա
ҲͲССĺ󹬣š
üͷ΢΢𣬾Щðˣǻս̫˵Ȩ
˭˵׼أ
ݰ˻˻ԴԺΣͷҡɢǰִһ֡
ӹŮٵʪ̧֣ͷ⿴ȥ
öɺϼէֶĹâ
ǸۣǻƺǱϼĵͨпδõӡ
ǺȻ뵽ЩʲôתͷƽƽĴŮٿȥɻĿ˵ʱǹ
밲ʱ򣬺˰ɣ
ʺʮ壬ʱ磬ҲԡˡŮٹ˵


37 
⻰, ЩӦŴһɫ˵첻ǻû𣿡
˵, Ȼ
ʺиְ, ÿһʮ͵ø˯õĻ, ˵ҹ˵е
뵽⣬ҲŮٻش, ˵ԭʮ壬빬, ʱ䶼·ñˡ
ֵӣգۼת˲š
еĹŮԣԽԴ¼֣ʱº󴽽ǴЦ, пҲûаְĪǾûʺ̾Ϣ
Ҳ֪֮󡭡
Ƿܼºҡ
Ǽ빬ŮĻżеú, ҲûԵĺ÷ӿ׸Լӣǹ, ǵۺٲԸѭ
ԵЩūҲҶ룬ֻԸƽƽ, ˳˳
ôڵסĽţŮپ͵Ȼޱ, ΪֹԵʲô棬֮ǰ䲻Сǣľϻƿʱ, һ, ٶѸϢķŻȥ
һ, Ӻ˵, Ҳһ˲
ҲҹҪޣԡնҪ࣬ݻǲͣĦ
һһع
㱼ԼǳĳĲȣζٹϲ㽴֭װ
뵽ϱڵӾпЩɳ̧̫һҲû
͵ŵӿ
ܿ죬ԡͽˣҲжĻ롣
׻Ϲʼ뺲Ҿɷ֤ĻʺҲǵ֮ޡޣҲϸ󷽷Ĵӵ޹߽ȥ
ͬް㱻Ůױٻ¡
ãõɫű˷
߶ֱڰִϦԼиͣĶӣ˼ŵèʱûгԱ᲻˼ͰݰСˡ
Ȼ˵³ûȥƫǱ߳Է
ɿڴӦԼͻȻȥԷͶĸоء
Ҳ֪֮ǰûзԡ
չŴҪšͼҪšִ֮ǰҲҪŵĲѧ涨ʮа.Ҫˡ
̾ſĴεŵĿöһŲİȻһһ밲
üһȺվڹԵģɲǽû밲
ϸƣһ˲أ
񡣡˰֣һǵǻǿϷֻĿ⣬ɫδ䣬ֻǵ˵ˣֻɫ磬ҹڣջкЩҪæЩȥЪϢա
˵󣬱㳯ŮʾǰС
Ǻ⻹Ƕ⣬ˡ
ŮɫҲǵԼĻӣһȥûеôˮȡ
һϡ

ȻǣҲǺòҵһ鰡
ֻܶűڰֵĳȺԲԸϣЩټϱȺĲˮǾ͸ˡ
֮£Ҳͣ
ߵǹžָĵط̫һĹǰԴŮƽ
ʺ²ϲ˽ɫ磬ЩȥɡŮٹĿſڣֱʺֱ̧ϵһԶౣԭĶûаָı䡣
ԳĹȥ
ڽִأ֪ΪΣǰŵƻ𣬵ȴмŴڵľ޵ȴŽɵĻᡣ
üͷ˼Ƭ̡
ôΪΧ̫յû߶ȱŻֲֿƬļӸС
˳ֵĽͣҲſѧѹסڹĿ־壬Ҽ֣첽ŹǺ£Сܶȥ
̧ƿš
ӭӵˡϢԼ΢ҡΰڶĵƻ
ò˵ޣս
һ̽ȥԴСĹ۲浽ûйȿȣ˼ûˡ
Ÿտһۡ
ĳɭɭȴϤͻص˹
ͳȥϳͲףôÿǹǾֹ֡
ˣƺе㲻̫Ծ
ͻȻɰŵܿʹ߽˹ɭôҲʶĻˡ
ʱֱ˰Ĳˣ
ڿһӵĲԼĳֻŴͷԵūʱģԼҪþΪǣͷʲô޹ɷãʵĵůòůԷأ
£첽ܵ£ɵʪȵֺٷɿӣ˵յĲ˿ʢ
ɲǷʢ
ʽһյļӣõҲǾµСӣ˺ôһȲŵĸо
Ҳû˵ʲôҡ֮Ļ
̨׻ҪһµģȣֻǴ˵еİ

ϳûӦרעŷˡ
ǴЩū˳˹ա
ˡ
ϳ̧ͷ˫ȵº΢΢ϡ
귽ǡ
ĺ̫ɲãЩžɰ
Ƴ̧ͷΪԷȥһֲֿޱȵ΢Ц
ͼԼЦů¶ĵ
ˣ̫ˣһûͷ
ϳûиܵʺ⣬ůƿʳ
Ǵݵ̬·𷽲ֻƳһۡ
ûеõӦҲû٣˵ûô⣬ӣ͸ԶĴèһͷ
־ô򵥡
ֻ̫ӹš
ϵĲȿŶ࣬ʵÿСҲĿӵ飬ټ־ŷۺóԸɾ
¿ûãͷɿʰҽڵˮԼʪë趼ڷŵۺԣèǰרõˮë
ôˣ
Ϊʲô֮ǰƫǱòûĴأ
ΪҪޣ
벻ҲûмᣬС֣Ķ˴èյоִèԱ˾ͷǳĹԣûͷβʲôġ
ʧʱ
ߣèĻᲢࡣ
ȻǷֳһڲԶĵϡ
ǹ֮ҹﶼרעŹ鰸϶ѵϸߵ£ٿֱͦԼﲻôͣıʣ֪ʵǲõ
ʱ仺ţҲ˸ɫ
ūʵڷĲУβһ˦ֱﵽϳ°ſš
û¸ˣǱߵææ𾢣ҲҴţֻܳԴ˫Ŀķ
Ժ䡣
Ҳ֪λԵʲôϡվԼǰʹҪϴȥﻹһһĺŶԷ㣬ﻹŸҪԷ
ֻüͷ΢壬΢
ȻԴһΡ
˹ԭΰ
̧ͷ鰸ķȥڷܶûоͷĹڷܵÿС۷䡣
˱ȥ˯ϳͷҲ̧
Щѣ⻰¶Ŵķȥ
عʱѾǻƳȳȵ
ҸǺñӾͲ˫ˡ
ܾûЩʲô͵ֲ̫СĴ˴ߵİϣҡκһ󣬲ʹòʧ֡
ϳȻǲ˴齷Ķüͷ΢壬ּ缸˵Ǵޣ㽫еŵһԡ
վ
ȥһЩʲô
ȻԷûкȾƣЩ˯֮лһЩԼ֪ľٶѱ֤ԷûĲ֢
ǣڱֱۻعʱ򣬾Ϳվڴ䶢ĵ
ԵĲᡣ
񣬸оڿʲôϡ涯

գգ۾ڷӦǸʲôμס޶ֵѸٵĽԼϵıӳƿһ룬Ų˼ƨɡ
ЦݲСžžž˵£˯˯


38 
ҹ, 𶼻˼ɫɲ˯ĺʱ

Ī˵˯һʲô⣡
Ȼ, Ҳֻ, ҲûǸҲżһ룬ԼεĿͷ
߰ͷǰԺл
ܿͽһ֮Ժ, ֻרעĶŲԶҲڸǷ绪ľɫˣ΢, Цݸֿ
Ļ齵Ķδġ
Щ˵ҹ, ٶĹҲʱŷţⴲĺܣ˯ǰַ֣Ҳл۰ա
̬, ޲ڱʾǲ̫޵ڴ
Ҳ㲻ˡ
ϳģǶһݡ
붼ڴȿ, ûԵô뷨ǵĸǱ˯, ˯ǰϼСŶԷö, ǲҸ
ڴĿԶɫĵĿ, ʱһһţڴܿͱصķѩڸ, ֱϲֿЦݶɱ, ŴצӶԾץסӡ
, ʲôë
, شôĿž֪Ǹʲô˼ǲ˯أǲ˯أ
ûִСԴãֻܵóſҲԸԼͬ
ôʵֱĴ𰸰
಻ˣҲضȽӽ
ѵάԼѾ̫ЦݣȫƿٰԼůĽѾȥ뿪˵ƽġôڡ
ȴ˵ͬ˵
ϳüͷ΢壬̿ºǰǰڣ˰벽ӦԼľٶüͷøڼ˵ЩЪϢĪҪޡ
˵꣬תȥ
Ҳ֪뵽ЩʲôͻȻعֱֱдż˯¡
㲻׵ЩʲôʽĻ
ͬ˯ˣ
ǼѹеĿע£գգ۾ѸٵĽ¶ȥĽѾر͵£צӳסӾ͸ǵ͵λá
˫۽ա
һǳɡ
˵ǹ
źһӲ²ŵʲô̲ס۾Ͷδȥ˫˫
ᵽΣյ͵ؽ˫ٴαϡ
˵ʲôҲϿֲˣ˭֪Ȼվԭأ˯µӡ

ʵûܵϳˣôžôŰɣ׶ԷǸܲίԼ
ԭǰĻʺ󣬵úúܻóá
ɵþˣȥ˯ܿͬˮӿ֪ôٴα磬ҲȳŵеһһµĻζ
ϳȷϴŵŮ˯ٴת뿪֮ǰ˳ھ䴲齷Ĵ
ɲظĳҹ
ͺܺá
ͬǧٸҹǰǹ¼š
ĵ̲סͶĳװǺ̴ľУֽϵᲦ
ڵâķζŵգ߽żģ
ǰǺеĹ°׹Ůߵ飬ԼԷԻһһġ
ϳ͵ؽз£׹Сշײ
ޱȵɫް
ԼֻҪһССӱתۼѲ١
ҵߣҲ
Ӵۺ޹ҡҷ
鰸ǰϳþûмǹͻȻķ罥ɢŽ֮͵طŻ̴ľ֮С
ɾޱȣĹʡ
һǡ
ֱǰɫģָڽûºС
תվ
ϳ飬̴ľƽȥԭλ
䣬⽥ռƬء
˯磬ѵҲ磬μǵԼҹޡûܻĿ֣۾ʹ˰
ȷԼ㹻ѣÿ
ڵǰúñ֣ȴ޹ֻʣԼһˡ
Ŵ΢ɫȥöδȫȻµĴԲ̡
ʱ䣬ӿһĪ
̾˿ͬʱпţʵݻ治˸ɵģ֪˯û˯㣬ûҪ
ַĳҡ
ǻʺ󣬻ʺҪ糯ҲҪûоͷĹ񣬿̫ˣ
µһ죬µá
ҲˮĻʹ¶Լرޡˡٿ֣һάŻʺӺӺ
һ̤޹ûü糿ʵĿӭķ˻ȥ
ͬʱ
ڹ鰸ǰҹƻδϢʹ
ŵδϳԼºδϳ޹Ϣǰ󹬡


39 
Ҳõ߶ôҹǳۺ󲻺ϵĴϷ, ĺõӭůĳϼ۴ֹǧʷĹ
ŽٻֺٴҲԵֵµĺۼ
ôЩСط޲޷޲, ʷķչ, ˵ĻʹҲһջΪʷҲΪ˲ι۵ľ, Ҳ߶ǰ㡣
磬١
ѧ˼, ʮưܵĺۼ󣬱ûټȥ, Ҳȫʱա
ɲΪǰ˼άʽԼѧ۵
˼ϣһֱƽǰеķҲͣˡ
˳ȹڣŴŮٵĲžµľֵµء
˵, һһĺĥˣرǻҪעȹڲ̫ҡεҪ, ΪΧ̫˫۾ţɴֱҲôߡ
ϧ, Ҳֻ롣
λעҪСϸš
ĵ, пԼͬʱ޹ȥ
ʱ, Ǹǰ밲ʱ򣬿ɲ˶ǵȾˡ
ϢǺͨġ
ֻҪЩֶε, ֪ҹº޵, ˵ĻʹƽŵĺȻҲûǱֳô, ٲ, յϢ
ûõϢ֮Ҳǹͷһ⡣
˭˲֪ǲϲ˽Ĺëֻ˵ǲŮɫʵĵǿǻֱӰνͽֱӹģ
źλɫӦоС
ʵϣѹûκһˡ
յ밲Ƕ÷磬ŵ˼ͬȴζȻҲͲͬ
ֶһ¡
ܹ鶼ſЩº
̤Ͷ˫¶ڴòС
˫򱼸ٺòˣ
˴˼붼̫һҲûʲôϵ
Ц뻶ϲģǸûʲôģĿ˵λöأűЩ⼸ԣȻˣԵͲˡ
ϣ΢΢̧ʾ⡣
׼öĹŮƫ߳ߵÿλǰеĶչʾԷ
λֵǶȷϺýμӵıԺٵȥżǺŵľƣŮغӦԣȴŽһָ
ⰲĳ棬˿ררķǲġ
һȺŮǴġ
ǻøлŮģҪǶԷ⹬ﻹЩһʱҲҲôĹŮԼŻʺͷʹ
ԺܿͿʼˡ
Ϊƽ˲ɶ٣ÿ˶ÿɶһ֣һʱһ֡
ѵĹ˹飬Ǳ㿪ʼܱʼ
һԣ顣
ʱҲǸĻˣϾʶֵ˲࣬Ҳ֮һ
дʫʲôġϣԸռ˸ʶ֡
ϱӾټⱲ˽˽Ӷǰдûʲô
ֶһһ׳ȥ֣Ͼôȥˡ
ЪϢʱλǣǲǵٶǼķ飬ΪµĴСǣʱǿ϶١
Ȼ⼸նнܵıԣһʱҲʵڲʱ䣬ʱʱˡ
һ˸ʺһͬò͡˵ǡ
ǿ϶ҪԵģǳԣҲûԼĴ㣬ǳڣѹѹӺ󣬱㿴Ӣᵶսĵһһϣʼġ˵
һζȻǲУΪʺ˵ͷҲʵϡ
ʱʵõĳЩСɡ
ڱǿ϶ûʲôģǸͨˣǰǸͨͨѧⱲҲǿǸͨͨС㣬ŶӦͨͨĻʺ
ƽҲǾϢʱҲǾѵԼӪ
Ҳ˵ֱ̫̫ףС˵ǰʲôθ˻俴ڣƽСڻվҪһЩ
ֻǽĳЩⲻ쿪Ĳ²ա
빤ֽŶҪͬܲΣֱϸϰ᲻Ȥٱ硭
˵߹۲ŵ飬ϧԷǿȵǧʯ˵û˿ı仯в˳ԷƵʶһġ
ûа취ֻԽ˵ԽҴһҪЩĿӽɶУÿյ˶Ȥ
ʱ仺š
ʳҲ꣬СҲ£ˮѵ˶Ϊĵط
ۿıԾҪʼ
ֻʱµߵ˵ֻʱ£ǷûѵĹֻвᶨԼ
ͣ»ͷֱ߲֪ڼˮССĺһڡ
ԼԷ飬ͬ˲ٶĵϵм˵˽һ仰Уʺ˵ǰ㿪չ
⻰ȻǻϲòˣܾʲôطЩֵֹģҲûȥ⣬Ƕŵ֤һ׼ø³̸Է
εûͬ⣬ֻ˵Լá
ԭֱӴӦԷǡ˳˷ˡĹĲõ̫ҪǴݲ˹ĽˣɾͲá
˾䡮ʱȴơ
Ȼû뵽Լǵ͹˵׳־
գ۾ͷţܿ͵˰䲼ָҪʼӡ
ǴʺаҲ򣬶ǱҪμӵġ
ǣºܴҲҹ
ɰʺųɶУĿǰ˫Ȳ£˫Ȼ´վ¹£һվš
Ƕˡ
ͳСӣվʱϰյ衣
ǰƵĻ˵ͽǰľģĲϢǸˡ
ƣ˶һʼòѾԽԽͣ
·˲ŵĹС
̷
ر¶ģ˴Ϥףһƹһ
ϻϣյ˼˺뿼飡
һʼʱҲû˭飬ɵ˭˵ɿڵʱ򣬾̧ԼԵľʯ
ʯǿ̡
ɶٿڣĬϽжյ˵ȥ
ͬվ¹£¹⡢ԼɭɭͻȻе㱯ˡ
ܣҲ񡭡
Ӧð
ţ߽Ͷǰͬľͷ˰һѲŵĵϡ
ȻƼһۣҰѻı˳

Ǽվʱɣ϶ǰɣ
ͬʱ
ĳֻèͬѲذڳĳŲӰ
ܿ죬һèһ˶¹Ϣɡ
Ҳ̫Ҳǻ̫̫˼һèһ˶ͣ˽Ųȥ뷨
һ紵Ⱥ 
Щʯͷ㶯Ҳǳɶţ¹Ҳð֡
ϳĬƬ̺èתʱķȥͬʱʾⰵ
ٺ»̫
󹬶ʳʲôԻµĶҩ
ȻʼֶΡ
־ᶨ֮ƼĻ¶Ҫŵ̧̫ҽԺܳܡ
ϳ룬Ҫһ͡


40 
Ϣĳڵǰ, ڵͬʱĻｫԶǹ컭һһ
ϳżǰհȷʵͬʺ˵󹬽нĻ, СʺʱҲһ, һرʾƺЩ鶼ǸȤ
ԭҲΪɶɶǡ
ȴ벻㣬ɫ
ȻǰѾĬ, ûڳֹԶһŶҲӰ, ϳҲɨѵõ¡֪ʲôʱܵūԴ󣬱㻻˸ɢ
ͬʱĬĬԺҹʳ·ߡ
ŲҴ, Զڼûо˵밵֮κˡ
书ǿĵȻǲ˲ԶĶ˵ԵģССһè밵, 㹻¶١
˵Ѿ
ϲ˽ֻҪ, ȻҲȤǰ˵ʱѵҪͷɵճɹ
ʺһյ, һ㣬յ, 㡭ԾѾվԼǷʱ䣬һ, ӻͳСӣʮ
ڲ, ҲܲǵСٶ, һת, ٴθЩصǷֱһյʱ䡣
, Ѳӡ
ͬʱпţʺ⡮ġķӿ治
󹬵ɣ˿ûսģƽӢ֮
˼ȦվùؾȺͻȻͻ뵽Լһ置ŮԺиǹĸֳҲܽѵȻŮ

ȻⲻǴ
ɷðȺСǳѵĿ˵ϢʺټӰյ衭
ҹܳ
ǵĥ˿ڵҹĻ
Ҳ֪尾˶á
õǶʧƵģɫްĿͣڿˡ
վ㣬ȥЪϢա֪˶˼ޣҲŴǻаţֻ˲һʱ
ûȫ¡
ͲԸٶǣƣõ໥Ƨҳһɢ
ܣٶȶ˿û°֡
͵Ǿ䡮Ӱյ衯֪书ǿĵǣղųףǺòǵ⣬ǶԷ
ҲԸƽҲעԼҲֻǶȫܸѵվ˱Ƚϣ
˵ˣѵϢӡ
ȫûʱϢ˵վվ˾ͼӣ޴ֽϢټֱ˵Ͽ÷·ħ
ʺʮĵһ죬վСʺǰڻѯʵýյĶΣ

ӲЦʣʾǷǳڡ
ԼǲǽˮŻʵĥ־飬ĽΪʲôҪ̵ĶԴҪǣΪʲôҲҪУ
֪ˣӦ㳡衣
ǲϲ˶ʽ
пɡΪ˸Լ·ʾ֭ڼ˵ΪϢӦøЩŲ˵ǣҲûָѵʱҲ̫࣬ϾǰﶼҪȥվҲ̫һЩԵĻ
Ƶ̵࣬㳡һĽԻֵĻ˭֪ӻñ죬û˵ʱ䣡
ǼȷʵӦüϻʺǰļ֮ǣٺʲһϢʱȷʵӦ÷ųЩúͷϡ
õԼҪĵͷ
Сʺüͷ΢壬ǻ˵Щʲô˵ʺﲻضǣ´ҶѲˣȻʣȽ֮˵ջЩġ
ǿЦݣ˵ǴνӲֵַĽͣҲû취ӲͷƤ˵ƣĸ֡
ܸܲߵǴһﶼˡ
ǲԴǣһλ˾䡮ʱ磬ЩЪϢ뿪ˡ
ʣһ̧ͷ¡
Ŭˡ
ԣһѩҲȲ
ʱΪֻжʱȽϿ࣬ۿû취ѣֻĥθݣʻѲӵ͵
ȵ˵ڶ졣
밲ʱۿɼıһЩ϶ڲסƣ
˭޷ӡ
žȨ֧ᱳʹǰС
ĳ棬ԼҲòУžʼλֵ͵ǽµת飬ύӦ̴ӡ
ظȷ󣬱ɸλɴߡ
̫࣬ʵȴúܣô˵ɶǹİӣλٵͣҲǻʵ۵Ůˣá
ȻҲǵĻв۵ʱЩСֽš
ҪǳʲôӣϿɹȥΪˣ׼ʮɱӺ֮İš
Ҳ֪ǴҶôˣͺܿϧûõЩ÷ӡ
æһϣڰ
⻹㣬ͻ˵Ŀ˻ҪһЩ跹Ҳٲá
صشԸС⣬⽫ʮλƯС㣬͢ʦˣֵ
˵ϼ仰ܽͬʱչδٷνĽ
ſʼԳԺȺȡ
СǺֵܿģƱյ䣬飬˿Ц
ǿɡ
žǵĿ֣Ȼϳܣʱһ¡
ⳡᲢûоٰ̫ã˳ԣʱɴŵλɻعﰲŸˡ
Ҳʼˡ
һЩӵĿ˶١
ǿˣĻнǮ
΢еʹֱĿԼǵʮױôͷͻȻûôʹˡ
л
ĻʹһȺƯ飬׼˴Ǯơ
ˣǺˣ
׼һֿر𣬾õ޷ǵС
ʹ룬룬룬밲ʱ롣
ûԼ͸ʲô
û취Ȼʱûֻܸĵȡһеķġ
ǣϳ⼸СʺƺҪ飬ҲҪࡣ
Ѿ˶²סˡ
ֻûѯЩСʺǲ̫ˡ
ǲеġ
ЩæòУȫһڳŹʱԺյ
ԼĪǵλǳβֹŸλҲţЩӵĸ˲¼֮ĶעʺУԻල

ɲǸ򵥵Ļ
ҪˣҪϸȥЩΪֹĲӣֲǣ밲ʱɻżʣ
ǻ
ɵ˦ƹڱȳڿҿϰС۷䣬ҪһСģܻӲ۷Ļ
ô
ֶô࣡
ÿطһСӣдϼ˲ᣬѻ˿ûбȵǶٶ١
ʼɣǲ֪С㣬ĥ
ʲôëƤС¶Ҫһǡ
ֲǣżӿĲϸ
ǿɲ֪ĳ࣬һֱΪºôΪ˷ɢɵȨȨ֮нȨй
Ϊ©˽еͬʱִСس˲ӡ
Ȼ
ºÿӶϸڼĵĵÿĴС¡
ʺĻֶΣʵǸ


41 
², Ǿ͸ʵĿģ֮£̶ʱ, Ҳ󹬸໥ƺ
ɼǸ˲ᶼõúܡ
λֵɳ˲빬ȨƵζλֵҲ˳ƽһЩƽﷳȥĶȥ, ͬʱҲϾʱ䣬ԡιۡලȶ, 񣬾Լͷ
һеһжô
󹬿ǸСļ, ϼ¼¼ٹܸ¼, ໥ල໥ƺ⡣
ɰʮʮӦټСŮĹͬŬ£󹬷չ쳣г
Ҫ̫̫ࡣ
ҲǺгһѣ
תϹŵ·ϵĲӣһձһҪࡣ
ԭΪֻҪŹͷЩչӾ, ˭֪أֱǸЦĽһһѹûᣡ
ֲǵѵѾĵá
վܲ, ׼ѵ˲ŵķܣҪ, ƫƫôɹ棡һﶼϣ˼Ұû, ĸϰ͸·Ƶɡ
ҪͷиΪʵۻƯİ͵͵أ
Ҳܲʲô, ЩӺɵ뾫ܵ˫ѹ
ЩȨܲߵ˲ͬ
ޱȵʹ࣬ۿԼԽԽԶ, ÿ춼˻, ҲǸ
ÿʱһ׷
治ٿǺһ˲, 桮²ʲôϷ
ͺܿࡣ
, ڳƲû취
Ϊƽҽֱӱʾɫᷢá
죬ƣϼ߽ŵƫǹؽŵסͷ磬ŽϺص¡
Խȥ
ȻϤĴèԼޱĿ
ʵͺ֪ʱϳǲеĺܣȻôڰǰʹÿԼſڵŶԷ˶Էأ
ͬǡߡ
ô󣬲Ӧñʮɵĺӷ
Ŀģ˵£̧ͷƳ檣Щͬ
ǲǿС㲵úܣ
Ϊ˹ĺ󹬡
Ǹ࣬ҹ۾ε밲ʱһһġôôǸҲôôˣʺô
ǣô۾ѵͿɣ
Сʮ꣬ǳʱ򣡰ĥҲˣҹζû
ǻʵ۵ŮǣĻúܡ
ϳ˳Żͷ̧Ƴ۴Ƶ˵ˡ

һʱ䣬Ȼ֪ûЩʲô̫ҽǾ䡮ӹǽ˶١ױǾ֤£Ҳ˿ûа취
ÿն˱ԵŻѪҪٿǵճӣ϶գøȥ̽ļ˶
۾͵óԣԾͿ϶᳤⡣
ʵôһЩǺôܽأ
Լҵ治ὲҪڿƼʱ϶ҪͶԷȥϼڡԵ
һ
ƲߣҲܵΣԷ˿ӣҲͷ˷
˭ź˭źɡ
ˣ
ϳȻ֪СʺƢҲǵһΣ˴ķʳ󣬽뱥СʺȻﲻסСͣȰȰȵֿʼ˵յ˲ѻжߣԼж
Ѱ﷢һԵ˵ò࣬Сʺ͵ԸֹԸڿڡ
СʺǱٱɫŻ˵ʺЩʱˣ⣬ֱȥܹͬ˵һǡ
ԭûôǸСϷȻƤЦģԷΪǸ޲ֵɾͲá
ôһ˵ŵС˲©
ѸĻȣЦҪжã
ͬʱӦл£⣬Ҷȥ̴ܹܡ
΢΢ףҲûٶ紩Ϻ˵ؽͷҲԽԽ࣬ൣš
ʱΪֻǶԼʺοһ£ֱص޹յһˮĵʹͣ˵ССҲյʹ͡
ž鲻Ծ
һʣŴӴŮٿ֪ԭǹҪʼ׼ˡ
ƷɹǴССĹ磬ֻǹԱʹ͡
ҪȨߵ֡
仰˵ҲҪߡߡ֡
ֱˣʮ꣡»ӣҲڹͯ꣬ͥôȨûչͻȻҪһ»ʹڵĸ
ҪõĿҲû취ЩҪȥ

ɣУ
ޱȵϴϺŸպûãͷ˯
ج
ôô©ҲЦ绨ƵģΧΧ
컹ûͱˣűӣʼ˼밲ʱôЩһһȥ
ǲǿ϶ᰡ
ȻѲǵԴæĲֻйⶨǸæϾ˭ЩһЩúùꡣ𿴵ÿԷʱģգʵҲ޵͵͵ĺȣСӿҪֲˡ
˵ɾ͸ɡ
̴ӣϴ󣬱ѯŮҪ׼һһºдɵ֣䡣
Σû©¡
鷱ϣΪСæµҲͲĥեЩ˵ȥսޡ
˶ʱ治˸ɵ顣
ɫ΢ѾһУϸϸĺ˶ϣȷûκԼϡ
밲ʱҲ˳ȥ
ʼɳѣȨǸܲûĴǫ䡣
Ÿշɰ죬ƻյĶѻʮӵȥ˲ᡣ

֪
ЩǲܷŹҪһæµ
ǳ׵ĽЩ˲ϣԲϵȥۿ׷С֡
üһ
˽Ŀ֧˵һһҪĿ²ܽȥԾþȥִʱĴ˾ѵƵġ

˭֪һʼĿ꣬ǴԻ˦ֻʺأ
ӾʺȨǲ͹Ϸϡ
ȨǶתתеȨ˵ǳĸԸ
ԸջУ
ĳԹʾƯС㲻͹ұʾдԸͺá
˭֪Էˢһ͹
ίļԼĲԵĵط֤ٷջ⻰ȻͲ

Ưǲ԰׵þǵԷմ̥һµɫֻջزǰĻǰԷ
ûҪûҪ
⵽ĸΣ
ֱЩɶôģǹԼǼСöæúܣĺúһʡ
ε̤ŷѩƫţһλøĵ
ͬˡ
˾ѩӭ


42 
ӦϼʫԽꡣ
, һ뵽ԺԽԽϸԽԽװ˲ϸӣûп˵ȻҪԭ, ʫʸ踳ϵˮƽҲǿ͡
ͬƣ߽ů͵
Ҳܲʲôʵ۲ʵ, ˭ǹһ죬˭ֲһأ
ë׵ĺһһҡ
ȲĴܵ, ѸºС, ͵ůů̿¯Ͽ
˵ͱ䣬ת۾͵ѩ׷ɵĶ, ˿׼ʱ䡣
ֻӹÿǷɿأֻˢһ£ʹ˻ʹôˢһ£üת۹ȥ, ¶Ҫˣ
ްʱ˼ҪôҸסꡣ
û˼ʲô, Īͳ³˻ʵ̫֮ˡҪǣƺ
ͻȻ֮, ͱ÷ǳгϢˡ

뵽⣬Ǹпǧ, õצӷȳٿ󣬲˰Ѳڵ, м̾Ϣš
⸣еܲס
Ѿֻ˱һһĿϴ, Ҫֳϼ顣
ֻǼ, ˵ܶһ, , ɶҪֳĿ
ÿ밲󣬾кüںš
ǹսʤ߾ͻȥһϵĸֲã۵һ֣յʱ͹ȥˣʣ¸ӵʱȻࡣ
ûĵ밲ʱǻ
Ѿڿҿҵϵʱ䶼֧Ÿ˱ҪǾϱӵľҪϱӵѧҪرֻ̣ͷˮ档
ûлͷ
ʱԵʲô裬ҲֻʺǲʲôٴȨ۶ӡ
Ƭ̵ů
̾˿Ѿӣѵ÷һʱ䣬ĳ˷ˡ
˵
ˣ뾲
ϳŻɢƣϢ뼸ǰ˵СʺĪЩ
ЩӣСʺ˵ʱԽԽ٣˾ǱɾƵġرĶߣʱ޿̶˵Լľ뷦
ӽأȷʵЩ
ʱæµúܣĶúܣºСͷһνӴЩ飬æҲ
ϳҲЩ⼸ռºĬðռԷϲĲȣŷ͹
ȻƣЩҲû
ЩµĲʽÿջܶһ뷹ֶȰټϵͷնжţز⡣
һֱҲá
ǰСʺֱȰʲôûġ֮Ļ˼ȥʱճã»ġ
ϳͦռŻʺλõģ¸˼ΪϷ룬Ҳܷ϶Էڹ󹬵ķȳֳЧ
˲ţǲ˿һʧ
˼ˣ㿪˵ʺЩʱˡ󿪴ЩޱҪȥΪ֪ʺԸͬУ
ĳЩԭϳСÿ궼м¼ڰ£ⶼ˵ԵΪ
Ϊּ̫λΪۺҲûиı䣬ǳް¡
Ҳʱþӣÿ궼Ѱеʱ䣬ǰ¾ֻ࣬Ϊʱ±ʱ£ֱȥ
žǵԼʱɻһĶ̼ڣʹٴҲôط赲˽ȥԼͬʱҲԼ档
ʱһã㲻
ڲһʿҲ㲻̫
ϱС˵ӾЩʵۣȥйֻڶʲôΧԣҲɸԼ͸͸
ôһʣͬǱڻʹɾͲˣصͷŵС˲ֿЦݣ˵ȻԸģ֪ҪȥãҲ׼Ʒ
ãֺöɽС
ֻڹеȸųȥһҪǣڿɰʮʮӦټСŮ
ʮ˵ĴݲУ
˺Ǻã޸ܰ
뵽⣬͵һ٣СĿѯʵ֪¿ɻҪϹ㣿
Ůɫû֮빬Ҳ⡣
µľǵ
⼸µҹҹħû⵹Ƿ˲١ǰƾϱӵȭڴôˣѾԴôˡ
ǰǶԷûӵ书Ƽʱ༫޵Ķ
ϳºЦͽӲڶԷ룬ҲЩĲ²⣬Ŀ˵ʺǻˣ˷ǰȥϾ徲֮أ˳֡
ֻûʵ⻰˵˸û˵࣬Ͼǲû˵Լˣûֱ׻ش⡣
Ϊ˷ֹò׵ļڻҪս˶ޣ˵˼ǹֻҶǰȥˣѩƬǶ񣬵Ҳһζ
ִһ˫¿Ϊ˸ƬǳĻĽΣȫȻϾⷬмɡ
Ȼһ˶
˵̫лʵ۵Ů⣬̴ӣ㲻ӡе˵Ȼӣֱӱֻеٽڶϵ죬ֱ
ֱ׵˼ҲûԷ̧ӣҲ˿ţݵջԼĿӡ
ݰ˵ɣѾĻĻĻʺˡ
ҪڹС˵Եģѹ˼ɻǴ´ࡣ
Ŀá
ٻ꣬ƬҲĬŵĻ
òײŰѴͷɥСūι
С£һЩҲ޷
õҪĽΥĻЦݣֻҪһ뵽ܳһ뵽Ե·ĻЦܣһ뵽ܲٶ˱ս弫ޡ
;˶˹
֣ɣ㡣ǰ治Զֻ֣Ҫ꣬ջΥĿ֣
¶ȼõǰţǱȨƵĸԸҲϧ
Ź
ʺ۾Ҳ˹⣬Ҳڴ
Ӷһ仰ֻҪ꣡
ʵ֤
Զܲô󣬵ҪɵûȴֻܲԼеôࡣ
ҲǷࡣ
ڶϳǼвǷ󣬲ǲĽ̸ͻȻǰССʹ⣬ҲвٹʹͣرԪڣﻹҪһġ
æµóŵһ!

ֻܴԼİ¶ȼܲô󣬲ûмǼѡ
ڻǺõġ
ֻȥ죬Ҳܱȴڹõöࡣ
ŴţһּڴͶ޾֮С
ֱƻõټ͢졣
ûһ컹ûƿʼζʹ֮󣬲Żصţ˸ۡ
Ժ䣬ͻȻƺܼˡ


43 
Ϊʺ, ˷ĸҪĸ׹̫۳Źһһ, ¶Ҫһۡ
õ֪˭
Щʱûܼż, ġ⽨ʵЩҲ֪²ͬһӵĸ
Ҳû, ӱͿʣ˻Ҫǰʲô, ֻҪţлܼš
˵ʱȥµʱݸš
˵ڵͬʱ, ܸǺṳ́ϼأ
ţҲͽ˯֮С
ﰲºɽⰻȻû˲ҲûпĲӸҪĿĴССڴ˴
ǰһһϤĳ֡
ԭ⿪˴СС֪ɽͷ档Լ, ֳǶлæȹȥ
Ȼ, ȻûȻˡ

ʱ, ˡ
ƣ˫ۣǷͬʱҲ׸жݵɸ, ʱ͵̬
ţеñʧ
Ȼڱء޴Ļʹ, ҲôҲõԼҪԼڲʽ
ȥϼ, Ҳǵóʹ, ҪʧȥĶ, 绪ʳ鱦Լ޴ڵСǡ
ûҪġ
Ȼѡ񡭡
Ŷ, Ҳûѡ
ⲢǴ⣬µʵҲǺܲģææ˲ֹôһ㣬Ҳû䵽ҪյǲνײԼлûвֽĳ̶ȡ
˵ֽͲòϸ˵һˡ
ԴʹϲֱǷɿǧ꣬ǳ֡ʣʾȨƼӽǮʾǶ˿е̣
أ
ѲԼӵһȥƬ
̴ӵĻˮУֵĽÿϵ£ȻݳޣǾͺ泩ܰ
ױ̨ǰ˸ױϷĻ鱦
黹㲻ҲͷŴŮٵֱһһȥϸ㣬Ҳ밲ʱˡ
ӴȻǲ󹬣ϣҲʵڲ׵
Ҫ֪μӹƷ׿ɶ͡
ǽӴҲֻͬǰٴϼϤӡλ̫͵ɣҲʳ㹬ϡ
״ζ磬ֳ̿Ȼǽɶ˳Ⱥ οļƣ˼̫ʱ͸Եɣֱô£ա
Ȼ˵μûʶģҲϾʺͷһ⣬ٶš
ھСҰʱ򣬿û˼ܣǰáɰŮޡͷһһôǽ㡯ԼƯ̴ȥůˡ
ЩůĴ඼ھ
ǰʮױɲǵҵƸױвٴССױϸȥǾҸŴ͹ġ
ʱůû˭ƽ޹ʵĶ˭á
رǸͽ¶ڶˡ
磬Ҳžڹչ˵ÿһλչˣ˵ٴʺٲ˾ñ䡣
Ϊ˰Ϸ
̨Ӷ˺üϯΧɸȦ뿴ȥ棬һ˸ƶͳùŮţԡµúܣҲ࣬θСĺͯ˶һá
мλã˭Զ˭Ѱ˵䶼С
뷨Ǻõġ
͹Լʺݡ
ǰ밲ΪֹȫȻ಻˵֡ˣˣȫϹϾĳ˸
˵ҲЩ̫ٵƷ׵
ڵĻᶼûУϾʱô㣬û취ÿ˶˵ô䡣
ƲϷ̨ǱߣΧŵҲͬЩʹ·ЩΡΡ£ŹȻɵĸЩ롣
ҲôϷ̨ĵط޹ԶѵõĺûѩҲûͷȻЩ̫·⣬鷳ɾʹˡ
һȺжٵٰʱ¥ĺΪʺ˵˼䣬ʾῪʼ
˷Ĵһ
ȫǸʽϷ̨ӣ治УӹĿʯһžԵĲᣬⳡͷǳ£ڳû˼
¥Ҳɵúܡ
Ϸ̨Ӿ벼׵Ҳͷೳֻ֣Ҫ̫¥Ҳõ
˵ǹ˼ǲҪϷҪ˼
Ⱥ¸ص̫Ƕ˸ǸȤĳ¹͡
ͼм䣬ȴЩϤĹǹͬ

׵ǣѹû˹
е˳ȥСÿϷȥˡ
̬ׯŵź˲ֹ屭ˮҲеŲסˣŮٸǴϸŽӴû˭עŵĻʺȥϵ⡣
ǰμŹ粻̫ܺˮС˵Ǻȶˮųֵġ
֣ͣӣǲʹˮ
Ҳû취һȷʵįЩ˺ˮҲֻܺˮ
ϲʱ䣬¹滮һ´㣬Ȼɽ߹ȥֻҪ㹻ϸϽǵǷꡣ
սӹ̴ӵʪ֣ûü߳⾻ײԼĸס
šʺ
лѩЦúᣬ¿ʼʱ˵ö˹أҲܿ͵
ڼԼĹŮˡ
æסԼ̴ֶӣֱʾ̴ȫ£ͬʱڣҲѽȥͷûأ
⻰лѩӵ鶼˸ת̴ȫȥЦҡҡͷ˵ǸģŸ˵˵
ǿȥ˵ɶɨѽ֣߸˵˳ȥҲûԼʺͷרƫƧ԰С·ߡ
ܲԼ˼
£ڸ¥˶࣬˼Źûⲻϲ͸æ˳
ߵúһһ˳Լĸ׵Ļش𣬴ʳסУһ治ڱʾԼ÷ǳá
Լʮʵ
ڳ壬ܽ֡⺢ӣǱϲǣ֪ﰮЩ
лѩӰ˰۽ǲ֪ǻϲǱ˵ˮϵЦȴҲǰУ֪ŮӣҲʲĿ࣬Ҳûٶ˵Щʲô
۵ʱǹ̫Щ
ĺӻǻʺ󣬲뿪̫ãռҲǲס
뵽⣬лѩһܣȷˣŴͳ˸ĹĵĴңݵϣͬʱ˵֪⹬¶ҪǮЩ㸸׵һ⣬Ŵ㣬ĪҪίԼ
Ǯܶܶ࣡ʮױɶǮţĿЦãΪ³ʵ̫ˣȱǮ
˵㡭
Щӣ¸Ǯĵǲ٣Ҳ͸ߵĹŮ̫͹أԵʱ򣬻ûͳǮԷϵ˸ҹԻТ
뵽⣬üͷһ壬ܾúʲôط̫Ծ
ѹեɲ뼯Ȩɹƺˡ﹬Ů̫±ѵģ
⡭


44 
ǻʲôѴлѩŮͻȻüͷ, ͵һǵǵĿѯš
ʹǸ˵ĵط
˵ڹҲ˵˾еʲôƽɫ, ʵҲֻԸ֪
ĸǼ, Ҳƽƽڹд⼸ꡣǡƽͲʲôƽĶ, ģҲȨơ
Ҳ֪಻ľͻȻ뷨
²ί
뵽, лѩٴο˵¿ǧ˵, û취ķӣҲ˳ЩĪҪﻵӣﲻжȨҲԵʲôֻԸƽƽġ
һһ԰ĸ׼ֿ
ȻǸжò, Ǽᶨҡҡͷ˵Щʲô, ЩӹĶҪĿʵ̫æˡһǮ, ﰡͲԾص˱˻棡֪, Щ˱дģС, һͽɷˡ
§ԼԹ, ߽һҵǮĸ׵Ļƻȥ
ʹҪǮĵطȷʵĲ, ЩӵĿȥټľĿЩĿ, ׶Ǵӻʵ۵, ʺѹûиϵ
֮࣬һ뵽ԼǮɻֳ˲١
˵ЩڹЩ̫๬ŮҲҵôϸϸȥǮҲЩʱտǼΡ
ǰʮױȫסʺٻӻʮӲֹ
Ǯⶫڡءڻʹ˵ҲǸĿѣ֮£дҪõûͰգأ
Щ뷨ó˵飬ټϡҶ껹Իرȡֱ˵ľܾ
ϧеʱ򣬴Ҳôá
رǶԼĸ׽Է˵ϹľԼĺݵòָ۸ôýԵġ
ֱƽĽңߴ򿪣˵ɣǮһ㣬أûȥһ롣ˣģҲġ
˵ֱ꣬ӴͷץһǮƱȻޱȵȥ
ץҲǷǳмɵģץ˴ѣĹͣòСʵϣҲôЩȫָƳɡ
ĸǰһ飬Ѹٰѽϵãذ˼ѽƱøɱЩŷŻضԷͬʱڣɱټˣȻҾҪŶ岻õ֣
лѩҲ˽Ůӣ֪ټִȥ¾ҪöԷˣټͷʱҲˣʺòλǲ塣
ȷϾҲ˲ٵǮջ˽ҡ
˵úúã˵ġ
ԣ¹Цݣ׵֣ȵ˵˻඼Ȥ˵ʲô˺óԣֱƼʲôϡ䱦
βܳ·ܿˡ
ĸŮϵƣ뿪ïʢľڵʱǶ˱ָľ룬ϵЦҲ˲١
ص¥кĸ׵˸ĵ̴ҲʱΧң±ǸӺݻĸµĻʺ
м˻İڼβûٸеʱ䣬ƹֵҲŻͬ˵ϼ䡣ΪһСͶůˣ罻Ȼǳʲô
ڹҲЩʲôҳֻŲ
䣬ҲǱ
ʵЩСüˣԭ߶ûûϼΣǳᵽСõʱٶϼ
һ࣬ʱü죬¾˵Щûķϻ
£Ϸ̨ϵĸֱݻһһ磬ȥѰʺҲ˺ü
̫Եţʱ࣬ǰȥѰǻʺŮΧ˶ʶȤúܣ̫ŹȹԾֹ˻ͷ໥ȥ⼸֡
ȻѾҲȷʵԼˣٺúõ˵ϼ仰
ȻǵʱҲ̫ࡣ
̫æǰס˶Է̫ܵˣȥ¾Ҫ١
ЦŻ̡̫
ű˳˸¥԰Ƨطȥ
һһͬ˴кٽ׼õС͸δĽãŻ̴ӣúõĸ̫㱨ƽ
زǳޣɶ̫ʵʵģҪ֪Ŵ̫ʮĿûϺǼֱǸ⡣
ԵʾˣǿǴ
ͷʵסˣ̫ҲƴʵջسҪæ̫Ͳ˻ѰɽͷãǾǿС̫Ҫһʹء
Сܳ裬С𣬹ǻˣܶԳʱ̫Ǳߣ̫ơ̫ͬûȻġ
˵̫Ҳ᲻õġ
ܼ̫ҲǸ˵òУϸˣ˵Ļǵ˵
вǹ涨ö֮ʲ빬ӹӲʵúܣ˴ѩ·ɲߡ´ΣͰֵĻͬĸǡ
ĵԼ̫ʮˣܲ˺ȽűǼʮĻҲʵڷĲ°
˵һѣ̫ڼ˵úúãҲ˵˵ˣǰʱ˼źƤӣ̫ηƳɻϥϥֱӴȥ
ԼŮੲݣ̫ǺܰģҲ˵ôž΢ů֣ĴŶԷ
ȷ뾫ܲ΢ǿŵǲֹġ
ţ̫ϱżСȥ԰ǱߣǴžлѩͤ¡
С̫ǶԼлҪ˵̴ǸŴĸԼԼҼȥ԰̫ĸף¯ڻ԰ɡŲƲ̵Ĳ֪ľ
֪СǸ뷨ģ񳤴ҲǸбµġ
̫ƿ˵ţ̧ͷ֦ͷݻƵľдŵĹʣǻصǸԶǰĶ죬ĳ¹ֺСŮͯôЦ˵˫ϡ
̾˿ڣСŮͯ˵ϣ˵ǰҲһ³ײϲҲûܼ㼸ΣЩûüͬ˵Ѹߣ֪´ֻܼǸʲôĹ⾰
̸̫綫ĪҪ˵ȻޡæڣֱӾʹ̫Ļ
֪Щ̫ʵ⣬ҲԸȥ
ԣֻ̫ЦЦڰ֣˵㲻ҾͲ˵ѽǻӿġ
ֵ˵ıǼ⡣
ջغϵЦҲȫȻ˵⻰ֻ˵һ飬Ҳֻͬ˵һ顣¶ǾĪҪȥκεϲ֮£ҲĪҪӽ
̫˶٣յԼҹŮĶߣü˵ܽġ
΢㣬գգ۾գգ۾
ʲô
̫˾乬籾̨ʣĳ˵Ҫģ
Ǹ˼
Ҫϻʵ


45 
̫Ƴһ, ֪Է˼֪ɵʲôطĴŵ֡
ǰ˫Ưڽٴηϣüͷ, ļڵרЩ, ҿɲ˵ڶ顣
á̫̿ãڱ֤̫˵ÿһҿɶأûаӣ
̫Ц̾˿, Ҳʵڲ֪Ҫôô죬˵, Ī
ͬ˵Ļʵ̫̫ࡣ
ൽͲܽǴ, ڻʹ˵Ҳ˵ֻüཫĿǰҪĵֻСǱʹϻ۵СԴܽ͸
˼, ̫΢΢ֱͦ壬Цָľͺ, ǰͬ˵ЩĻҲǺҰİաһ⺢СϲƯģٴЩ͸ǲ񡣲֪㶨ǻᱻԻ, Σӽԡ
ģǰ, 䣬²֪жŮӴȶ
, ĸԸ빬
ɾٺò֤ˡ
Ѳ⡣
̫˻ָͣһҲ˺ü, Ҳͨ͸úܡ鰮ʲô, ҲһС, 㲻ñҪ
¾ʢŮ, ԰Ρ
Ů֮䱾Ů˸ԿܿһЩ義Թ䶼ǽҡ
ȻҪĻǾʵ̫ϲЩ˵
ԵĲᣬƤңǶá
̫˵ʲôͬʹֵʲôȻҲҪѰֳң˵
˵Ҳ֡
ôϲãִ֮Ƥأ
̫־Ҷμģģұضÿվóúĥһ飬⣬ٶӼ飡󷽷Ľ̫ԼչۣЦеĿ˵š
νı֤Ҳڱ֤Լǵ̫Ļ

֮ãֻҪ۾͵İ
ܲȥ˫۰ɣ
۾͵飬Ʋסġ
ʲôĵġ

Ц˼ҵûô㣬ǸڿҿұƵʺλϵСڼա
Ŷԡ
󹬹Ȩ˵ڵʵ۵ҲûʲôͬŹʸɻΪǡ
ӲҪ˵ʲôһǾǻôͷżÿ϶ٷÿͬ޲ͬΣżʹ͡
˵žǺ顣
ԣ˭ڸǿȵѹȹ¸ԼҾͻŴܲԱǰͷĺϰ彻
ºɶûǼͼġ
СǶҪ˼⣬˼ģʱ䶼ϼΡ
еĻ
ǴžڰԵܲС˵ܲòɻҲô
ԾԼС˵߼˳ĳЩܳ׼Ǳܵ书ѧԼŮ֮䲻ҪɽֻҪ˵żӹ⣬Ҳûʲô⡣
ջҷɵ˼
Цűס̫˵̫ͲѩСЩô𣿿ҺŶ
˼Һò׽һˣֲȥĿɲãһһ죬һȥô죡
ʱ򷢻ԼֺԵСĿǶ̫Ŀġ
˸һֱԱ߾ŵĸס
ʵ֤
ЩԷĶ£ԵԽԽǿ˪ĵ˵˵ЦοԼһӦ̫أ

һһģֱֱ̫Ц
ֱʱ䲻磬ҲýͳĽѵõžۡ
뿪ǰ̫˸ĺɰԭͬлѩ࣬㹬ˡּ˾䡮ǲٸȥš
֪ƢԣСﲻԸգ̫صرʾⶼҵ˽ԭ۳ɼױߣױѾ̫ࡣߴͣɴǣ¡
ССĹִ
˼Ҳ˼ҵĴСһһһ׵ġ
Ҳ޷֪治̫ҪΪЩư֮ӣʵ㡣
Ǯˡ
ҲŸЩǻʵ͵Щ⣬缸ոĲƥֻҪƣһ̸ȥ
ЩҲò꣬͵ͬ˻ЩǮ
ȻҲǼ䡮㡯
⡮Ѱ˸ؽﶼæµˡ˵˽˱ǮʱĽ𣬰ռߵͣһһʹĸ̴ӷȥ
ŹѲߵС
ǮҲ㲻̫ܱ࣬ûкá
Լǲ̫졯ô˵Ǹ㣬ӹŮ̫ǮʵЩܻߵɡ÷Ҫ𣬸ûҪ
ȻҲû©һݣֻǲʱ򷢷ţҲͷӣЩص˼ЩССĹ綼Ӧ
Ҫܵÿ죬ɲܲݡ
߽ƫԽһԵĲȣۿɼıҪôèβͶǡǷֵĵط
ȥ
öϵ˫ֿʲô
ͣ½Ų
ͬʱĬĬпţʲôҪԲݣ˸ʡ
ƣ˼þͺܺá
ϸСϸڣ±Ӵǳӣǻʹ޲϶췢ҪΪͿأ
жòС
ҪǱֳصĹȻѹıϣűʾԼΪһӡ
ǲܴ򹤵ġ
ٲҹͣоʱҪԲӵĴ򹤡
ʮ꣡ƹӶͯ⽨ֹѹե
֪ܡ
ʺ󣬺ȫϽѡ㣬Ϊѡ˲šȿȣ˼ΪѡЩˡ
æջֹֻ߰治˼ЩĿ۵æ˵ЩµȾ˰ɣ
˵꣬µͬʱ˳һѴè͹ˮĴβ͡
Ȼıèèβͳ¡Ⱥ 
ϳÿնҪĻУȻҲûдСʺƮ顣
հҲ籨˻ʺӴ˵顣
ûǴĻλ̫ƺСʺǸƤ֮ˡ

Ҳѹһһ㡣
ϳ˼۵ףŶСʺѾʼ˵ռǽŵ飬ֿʼ𡮽ǵŬԼľĲãĬĬӡ
ǡϵĴͷ
ȵķŽС
˵𾢵͵ͣס˻ͷãĿѾݿʼò͵ĵԷûʲô˵ƣͷġ
ͷ
ͷǳ𾪣Ҫͫ׵ˣ
˸ͷ
ص㲻ͷڵ˲ˣһûп֮ǰͼеĲˡ
٣ֱ붼û롣
ԼǲˣȻôμвˣеǰͷأ
Ҳ𾪵̫ãõõ̧ͷ
ϳ˵
ûûСоǸ׵þһĴͷǵļҧ˿ڡ
ͬʱ̧ͷ۾ͼһЦ
ⲻֹǸͷ
Ե쵼Ĺİ


46 
ϳĴ, 룬ǰСʺϡ
ôѾܾˡ
ݡ£ҲΡھǿڴͷ, ûҭ, ҲԼĶͷ˾׿ףùŲ, Էȥ
˼ʽӲ
Ȼ, ʵԭиͷɳ±ҭŵζ, ϡƺͷϨ˼
˿ˮ¶ǣڰͷ£Ҳǰ빬ʱ˽ͷļ䡣
Ѳɡ
رϲͷ
һ, ˵һָͷô죿һٻǿ, ÿһٶˣҪ֪в˿ɶȻܾܾ
̲ס˸սľǳǵ, 룬ÿ̫£
Ϊ˶Ͼĳպ֡
, ɣ
ЦΪв˵ͬʱø˼
Žü˺󣬱㶵תתͷ֮ϡǿһͷȵ, ΢ôһ䡮ʵҲûôϲͷǲ˷ʳա
˵֪ų˴ͷǸʲôӵ顣
ζڲ, ֻڵĿע, ÿͶüͷ, Եһ, Ҫع
񣬲ʹλʺϲͷ
ͶҪôһأ
ҪµĻʺѾģܾҪԭ׼ġݰˡɡͷˡˡ
¼ȻʱʣȻҪΪԼġ
ҲҪڵǰΪԼܵв˵ı졣
ϳȻС˼Ҳû˵ʲôֻ¾ЩЦ
СʺҲ֪ﶼЩʲô
ԸͷôһϷҲʵ˶Է
˼ˣ˵ʺ࣬ЩòͰɡ
಻࣬ΪͬΪ񣬶ࡣҲԡǳϣ̫ˣ˵©졣
ҲΡ
ܹ˵©ҲЦ̹ȻޱȣҲмɵ
Žͬ缸ǰǰ㣬ŸССʳгš
ʳȻǡͷ
ôһˣֻ˳Զǿټϴݵͷ϶ǳԲġΪڼԼĻʺȻҪʣͷߡ
ֻϣܼסŴͷʱٴѵǾ䡮ʵҲûôͷ
ԣ仰ֱ
ͷĶٴͶΪΪæµҵУΪæµÿյĶòֹµٲԸⶼֻĬ
Ҳæµ֮ѵõĺϢ
ԽԽѾæϵʱ䶼ŹʱѰֻǶҪʺۡ
˵ʵҲӡ
ǰ緢˷ǮǮõ˹СĻΣССܾûʺһѸĸĴ󵶾ҪԴϣ
Ҫ֪е̴ҲƷ׵ģЩλųɵȨơ
һλԽߣҲԽĵҲ͸СĽԼվڻʺǱߵġ
˼Ӱ쵽ɣᷢʲôط©͵˻ʺɱӺֻеǰѵ
ǣôһҪʺۡϷ롣
ɲ֪ЩͻȻǺüĹ˵Բ֪ˣҪڱһӡ
ֻ뷢οοԱ
Ϊʲôᱻأͺܲҡ
ڵһ֪ٿۣҧš
ϰҹѲ°ҹƿ˲𣿰ҹգ˭ûҹ˭ûͨ
ƭİοԼ£άŶׯŲ̬
ǺƵһһ㶣оˡ
ѰС£˺üᣬ˸мҼһЩ࣬ǵ˳Ϧҹ
ҹȻҪٹ٣һһȵʢ磬˵ǳƵǹ硣
ĴҲǹڲٰ죬Ҳ֣ҲṬϰжٷ֮䶼ٻ䡣
ΪʺĴ󳡺Ҳ϶Ҫֵġ
λ飬ͨϯԽӴԱŮ죬Լϯʱ׶ԳƵİ衣
лʺȻҲôλá
һⶼǳĵģʺȫᷢκѪ¼λá
Ϊٶһ㱣
صʾֱ̫ӽʺ̫ߡ
£µϲЩʲô̫׵
ÿÿһʮ֮ҹǳҹ裬ƻͨգδԱ뿪
ʺܳŵ⼸Ѿʵס
ЩǶ֪ʺæڹи񣬽󹬹ܵҲؾصġݲӡеСƤŮͯ˳ٺ󹬣֮ǶĻʺ⡣
ʱ֪ԼѾõ˳¼йԱĿ϶һصĳΣЦݵĽӴϤİŮ졣
˵Щܲס
ϦŮɲֹϴֻҪܽμӹĹԱ϶ŸԼһͯԱҲֹдѸĹԱ
ô仰˵úãŮһϷ
϶ҲгٸжԹǾ͸ӵĶˡЩһôһΣɲúú𡮾ɡ
ڳָܴ֪ĵط¾Ͳûֱָ
ȿȡ
ǲܴģô˵ԳݵģڹƤ
һһĴϷ󣬺ܿͿʼϯš
ڵŮڲࡣ
ʵʵŴŮٵĲ볡Ȼ̫̫࣬ŷ𾭡
˵빬Щʱȷʵټ̫
ԷһʼΣȷڹͦúʽ𣬲ʹ¡ǰϯûܰ
Ϧ磬˵ʵʵôóԣ˵ȫ䣬Բڵġ
ֵͦ֡
λԲԶҲû취ȥС
ҹ
ѹҲû˵ҪѹԱй꣬Ͱ˶ŻؼԱȥˡ
ڹֵûн
ôһʢ̻ڻʹ¥ϵš
Ƕܴյ֣ȻҲʹ£ҲǹǵԷɵһʱ䡣
ٲϲ˽ÿҲ̫ȥô֡
ȻϵҲǲԸ˽ӽġ
ټĳǽҰõĵطôָΣһǶĻʼĸӣһڹеɣСǼ˹ǡ
Щͬ
̫ЦΧòǧǧ󹬼֮Уʱʱ̫󼸾䣬Ц
ǳŻϲá
ֻҪ۾ûˣܿóʺЦǶôĲöôֿ
֮һ̵Ǹܵ˵ʵۡȿȣʺĿ֡
ڲԶĵͱֳеӰֻ
Ӧǹ¼ҹ֡
ϳֵ̧öҲűҲǲߴΧЩЦЦɡ
˲䣬Ͳ泩
̶Զһһġ㡯ǲãǺгĻ涼ô


47 
΢
ڿԼСʺ̲סÿһλϵʱ, ƺǰհ㱨Ǽ̫ԣּڰռϢϼôЩȤĶ
ģɲӦ˼ֲ˼
ϳ˼Ƭ, ̧ǽЦӯӯһŵȺȥ, Ⱥһ룬ͣ½Ų, ͬʱڵ˵ĸ󡣡
С
ֵĺɶ
ʱ䣬Ȼֹ, Ψ޷ڸ뻶ϲЦڼţԳŵлżŮеࡣ
ϧٻЦ, Ҳ޷ڸֻڶԻЦԷʵ

ת۱ù
ȻҲ˵ĺôദгû̫ȥѹԼЦûдֹͣЦ
ҲûڵǰôЦ, ʲôҪأ
οҶڽأЦһЦҲûʲô, ܲͻȻͣҲиֲ̰Ǳ, ˵ͣͣɹúܡ
˭֪ʵķչô˼飡
һ˵ɶ, ԭЩʲô˵ЩʲôȫͻȻֹ, ·ϵ磡룬˵Ǳһң
ЩһЩɾ͸ӽš
˺ü, ûоκǳѸٵóһ·һ֤̫, Ƕ֮Զľ룡ֱ֤ſ˫ֻ, 䶼ɨϣ
Ҳǽ㹻
ȻǱ޿ɱ, øС̫СŮǼһ
ɲǹֽš
ҲûôĸӲþɹŮҹɫӽ
Ȼ󡭡
ȥһ³ǽĸ߶ȡ
һ̻ʱ䰡
ȥܵĿһ˿ۼû£¶Ϊֻǳجλþա
ԴԺ˸ȥսԡ
г̫֮⣬˲ŵһۼµ˾Լ
ʱѵջԼǶʼصڰǽϵЦҲǲֹͣЦЦˣôֹͣǸΣ
ֻܻ
ͬʱΧɶԼôôԶԶ·𷽲ŰΧ续ĳֻԼĻ롣
ƣֱӽ̫ˡ
Цջغǰͣԭزǰ߶ĵּƺôһ̫
յŮɫ衣
㿴̫󣬿ѯʵĸ󣬶ȥ
̫üͷ΢壬ԭ뿪˵ЩʲôЩŻʺնͬţܿ㽫üͷչ΢΢ס
ºǸġ
ţ㿪Ҳŭʶ
ߴʤ
ĺӻ̫¼š
ⶼ
̫ϵķ飬ĬĬ̾һ󣬱ֻùʦǡ֮Ȱ˵Լ
ĸЩ¥ϵѩɨûãɻءȻĿں˼ңΧ̫๬Ů߶ôȵԺӣټ䡣

ǣҵ߶̫ˣ
ȵ죬úð˹ɺͺܲԾֱֵĸо
ɲǿ
ʱ˿̣º󵨷ԣ˶˲ʲôɣŽ̻֣ͬ޻ֱ׵עº
һô󵨵ġ
ʬ嶼֪ȥ˺δ
Ҳ֪ºֵüֺá
Żʺ̫ԽԽ¥Ŀ·ͣͣ΢ĺŲ
¥ľ빬ȫȻ
·ԳһƬء
Ҳں֪˵˼ҲûǣǾõЩӸԼһַ꣬ǻʺλҲҪôˡ
֮ĵúܡ
󷽷̫ߵǰ
ҪŶԷҪάǷ·裬뵱䡣
ȻֱҲǲԣĻ
ֵֹĺ˼󣬴ŵذ壬Եʺ¡
ϳûʺһԲޱ顣
ͻްǳ֡
˿ǷŭǰףסЩ߸ŵĶҪؿ
ʵϣʱ黹㲻
ƻСʺΣһǱֱɫ֪ΪΣͳúܡ
ΪϲԼĺ󹬶ҪСʺĺ󹬰ա
ʶ̻Ҫʼˡ̫󵭵˵ţȻ֪ԼĺӲûжŭⷬϷҲʵϲ
Σֵ
ձϾҹʶΪҵ̫࣬˰ˡ
˼ˣ̫Եδ㳹׳Ů˵ʺҷ¥ߣ̻㲻ǵһμ˴ҰѣطƣƷһζ
⻰߲̫󣬱߹˵ǶҪúͽҹ̻𡣡
ϳջСʺϵߣŶԷ̫Ҳȵû˵Щʲô̫ԣһһ¥רΪÿ̻Сͤȥ
һ·ֻ̫˵ԵõǸ롣
¹ȴɹƽϡ
ӰϵüüһǰǢ
ۿɼǢҲֻ²֪
У̫صΪʺ󻯽ΣҲ̫Żʺͬȥ̻
ȻҲҪ֤ôһѪմѩ
ʱ
̻ըƬգת˲ŵ绨㿪ųһһأɫһ𣬱ӻҪҫĿ
ɲǼ̻ĺ
ҹ졣
֤߷׷׶Ժе˼׿
ֻʣŵ̻
Ц޴̻ڸǣǷÿֻһεϲȴʵʵӳ
̣˷·𶼴˺ͯԾ˲Цݡ
ȱĹŴÿÿ̻𶼱ǵĸ룬޾˵ֵڴ
ССһ¿Ƭյ̻
˵ʵȷʵ׳۵úܡ
ж·̻Χһ۹ȥ⣬ҵƻҲǡһĵ̻֮Уˡ
һ֮עͲǰ
ϱڿƼʱʮ̻ҪĸϳҪͼµ̻⣬˵ҲǻȤܻϼ·ŵĿʽ
ΧȤ
ͱһɹŵĻϲֱԵ̫ٴⲻͣٱ硭
Խ̫βСƳǵĨЦ
ͺ𾪣ҪΪԶֻǸģ
ڣɽڻ
Цݾ꼻һ֣ѤĿ
ӲҲЦнͣƲߡ
ÿ
пŵЦޱȵʢգҲճտţİԴǰƶͼҰøʱ򣬺Ȼӭϵ˫̻ȾôƯɫ

Էתͷ̫죬ǵĨЦҲûջأûκεķ
ôĿԣץˣ
ЩΣͷƮûһֱӿհƬƬ
벻κεİ취
ֻֿ죬ŵɵɵĻ˸ЦݡҰοţֻҪƤ񣬾ͲεԼ


48 
ϳעǿЦֱ¶С, ֻöԷʱģʵЩĳЩ±ץСū
黹㲻ֻǽ۾΢С
㾲СʺΣ¶ЦݶʼýӲ, Բ۾Ҳתת, Ž߼ƷŻĻ֮ϡ
̻
Ľɽ
ɲ֪ЩʲôֻԼٴƾɻءҪֱ֪տǸ, ο⻹ֱӣ͵͵
ôһ, Ҳٷܴײ˵ҪǲСĸ̫ӡ
ǿɾ̫ˣ
ʱ, ⳡҹ̻ὥĻ
̫뿪
ΪĿǰҪ̫ĹˣȻҲҪšԭΪۺܾͿԽĻû뵽̫ȻͬС
λĳˣΪԷĶϱ, ȻܾܾҲûоܾȨ
, ͸̫ԼĬޱȵĵĳζʮĹ
İźܰ, ֲʧʼҵĻ
ǳ϶Ĳòǳԡ¡ǣϾ֮ǰЩЩʲô޲Ҫȥֳһһȷϡ
, ɲĿЩ
һҲֻֿܡ
ĴעŵӰ, Χ̴ӵȥᷢᰲ, ֻʣǶĸӡ

Ҫĸ̸ƺҲûҪ˰ɣ
, ƾ˼ηɢ, ˼ҪЩʲô
̫˵ڹӼ
ҲǶԷ̫, 궼ڸǳӸλơ
ôḶ̌ûм̫㽫˼۵ףЦݶͬûС
ôһ˵ܾʶ
ŶҲˣԼĪǻŴǿɣ
̫ͬ
ǲôַǳӻʮֲƽȵĺϵƾôֱ׵Ĺϵ˴֮䵹Ҳ̹̹úܡ
ڵоûܣУҲûҪ֪̽Ķ
ˣദҲȻ
̫һ¡ϵϱϵԵЩʲôϡദ⼸֡
ҲѹǣС飬ЩǺõġ
Ͼ̫
Ϊ̫ӵĵҲûҪסĿǰҲʲôɵġ
ʺ󲻱˾궼ֻʵ꣬飬ҲǼ¡̫ȴʵʵڵİº
ϵֱ
˵ҼǵةռѣػʺҲܵһ洫㰧ѡ
洫ҵĸɲҪղ̧ͷɨһȦȻԶǰƳɵ̡
̫߹ȥͬʱǰʾһ䡣
黭Ͷ̥ûʲôϸ˵ʵ̫ߵˣܹͣѾûйĻ˳ǵˡ
ܿ죬ĽžʹתƵϡ
ÿһҪÿӶҪϺü飬ù󣬲Ÿӡ
þǴ̡
ˣһҲ˲յĹ
⻹̫Էˮ˼ʱҲռд󲿷ֵ£ɱøƬײ

ֹǳ֪֮ĽλøһԷμǵĵ
ٴȥ²ֹԱգ̫Ҫ˯ˡ
ʺ̫Щ̫Ц˵
壬ʺЩʱֶΣ಻жԻʺۡҲ֪ǡƽǶԷ˼룬иָ㡣
ֻһϲա
̫ûоʹ˼ȥ˵Ҳ֪ΪλѡһŮʺֻǾ֮ɶȻὫȵطЩţ˹ϵҲǢ
ʹˣЩ˵뷨
Ҳա
ʶαΰգܹҲġȨǿṬ£ʶڣ̫൹ǻԷ
̫˼˵֪
һҹ̫ھɱŵжȹ
ڻʺ󡭡
ǿԼ˯ţʱʱϼ裬ϼֵֶģͼæµ˫ȣסƤ
ʶʼɢԼôƮ޹ĶҲǲ
һԶƽ޷ӵı
硣
Ȼעææµµġ
Անи٣糯Ҳȡʹȴͣµ֡Ǹŵ̫㣬ǽӴǰңֻ֮໥ʺ򡭡

ŨζƷֻһУȻصԼıֶ˯
ϧССԸֻҹ˾ʱᡣ
ҲԽԽڴǡȥ𡯵롣
ôͷîһԼʱһţǸŵӴˣǸٴ׼ᣬǷ˲ᣬ
ææµµоһɿתš
תۼ͵Ԫڡ
ôһٹٵĹ磬֮ǰͬǣεĹ翪ñȽ磬ҲȽ硣
Ա֤㹻ʱɢİٹٻܴϹԪĵƻᡣ
˵ûиЩԱѵĻᣬɶ׼ˣֻҪģŵƻβͶϲԵ
Ȼ׵뷨Ҳֻһں˼š
̫ԵάԼŵӺӺ󣬷ǳѵæµпԼСʱ⡣
ֻ֪ЩʱֶѰ
Ѿæڹżֳûʱ俪˵ֻܴæݸԷһƻȾܵĵز
ڣڰͷ
ԪٸǷַƵġС컨ǰ׼׽ƴʺҪˣ
ٹôʱ䣬һǰ¡
ʱɺƾԾʲôоžŰʮһ£רĻʺûκεĸϵ
ţ鲻ԽЦҪǼǵϣҪ
ۿҸݼǰ
ͻȻ˸̴ӣ˵ŮǱֳЩ

⻹ʺһ飬Ҳţǳ򶨵ĸ̫ʾԼҪȥһ¡
Ůٸ̫źš
·һ򵥽ͼŮͻȻʪ˼λС·
ɲǼ򵥵С£լӰɱȵӾϿҪѪöࡣ
Ȼ⹬֡
⣬ǡ⡯ò˲ǡЩصˣرǲػܻڵˡ
ڵĴǰֳ
Ƿֳ˲뿪̫ҽŮΪʻķַԸ̴ӴЩˮʪѵСȥ
ЩֻŮȼʷľƲˣٵ
ƾ꿴ӾԼΧǽ͵͵լľ飬ʮа˾Ų
빬ˣ̥϶ƽȵġ
˵⣬治̫š
˼Ǹô£ͻȻͨһŮˮˣ
üͷ塣
첽ߵǸջյСߣ¼ˮ˵̴˼ҵС㡣
ڶˮŵڸͣŮ˵С㣬ֱվˮŸյؿڣ
٣û뵽ɣ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ͽ˰Щ࣡


49 
С㣡С㣡õ˵͸Ͻֱ˫վ, ˮĲ
뵽Щ˻Ϊ̫Ŷǳˮ㼱æڣͬʱֳԽŴչСų, һˮﶪȥ
Ҳ֮ǰ弫޴̽, ƮƮ׼ȷĶŮǰ
˵ãץס, 
òץ⼸֣æס, ץסϣҲСȥ
Ȼ󡭡
վ
ɬδʵСĶãȻһʱɵɵվˮ, ãֲ嵽ʵԵʲô
ôվˣ
վںϵˮŮȫȻֻʣ仰
ûȫǱ㶼ŵ
ȥ˰
ǲ, ȥ𣿡
£Ǹʲô

Դȥ, ŷǼλ߶СԱ£Ǵʱ׼ĸߴ̫๬Ůȵ, ۾ˮ￴۶
״˸, СȥǼײˮĹԱͬʱ˽е, ˵Ͻɣˮ, ӾͲˡ
ˮǳú, ҲʵûҪ̴ȥˡ
ָȥ, ͷˮġҪ֪ͷһ, ʲô鶼ȫˡ
ȻҲΪⶬδˡ
λС㵹ùһЩմմҲգ̴ȥˣûкҽҩźšɲǿƼһ纮û
ھУɲָߵ͹
һסѾߵߵŮǱ֣Χ̴ӽ˲˵ȥ·ȥȥ
˵꣬ʾŵĹŮЩ
ֻŰдŮģĺƿλܾС㡣
ЩѾǼԱ飬˰ѹԱͻϯϡǱߴãȥһˮŮԥһԭ
ֻǻ̴ֶ࣬Ӧǳ˶Ĳ
飬ǻʺҲûϹΣ̫ƽ˵ЩӺ󹬹Ҳ״вͬ
ǧǳӦߵһĹСԣ䡣
ʵϣĵǻͦġ
ǵһβ飬ɵײǵһμţȷʵûô־ȴǲ١
ţֻҪԼ㹻鲢һıƾ;׷ǲߴ̴غƫƧ䣬ѱ⡣ⲻԤУɹֹŮ׹ˮ
ʻķˡ
ŮٵĻ㱨ǳ̫ҽǵĴٶ
Ҳص׼ø澫̫ͨҽغϯ֮⡣Ƿȶļ»̥ǵŤ˻อͻǲôһ̫ͨҽΪŮ׼˺üŮҽ
˴ŮҪոǿ̴ӣϯУһвԾϳ֡
λʱ̴ӷɿ֣Ҳͱ˶ԷˤڵϵĶ˺
̫ҽƼʱλҵķ̥ǿסˡ
ŷķ粨Ԥձܹ󰲸ڳŮ죬οһλѹĵùˡ
ϯҲβ
ŵԸ񣬻ʹˣصػ̴׼˶ʵСӣλܾŮ커ͻؼҡͬʱҲ׼˺Щʵҩģٴϼʲô˲ѩԼûĶ
һ䡣
ƢΪǲģҲûĵߵ¡ѵĳ̶ȣЩµߵ˶̡
ǣ㰲Ůټ顣
ɲͷհ˾£ͷûסЩ۵ġ÷ȥͷʵڲУʺǿһطҲԡ
һУҲҹ
ƣԼŸС٣ﻹŵһ˲ᣬϴͷ˸Ůͷɿȥ
ŵƻ𱻴ŮһϨ
Ҳ̴ůȺıͷĸˬ붬β͵ҹ̫ˡ
书Ǹöϣϣʱ˶ռ
֮ǰʮʵĵС
ͷܼҲͰգϾ֮֮ĸϴͷͺܣܵǣϴͷӣȥϴܸɣ

ֱͲܵ飡
˻ʺһǵ£СϸڴϣõĽ
ܸһٺòˡ
Ŷδڴ֮С
Ԫûеô֣Ҳǽ̫ˣֻû뵽еҪٴζһ˵
֮Ƿǳиڷ˲ᡣ
ŰƱƣҲʱʱд֣ҳ˱ôԶԲϣЩҪ⡣
ԭҹʱ䶼ˣΪǼˣºü϶üưʱ
ҴɱʼĶѵö̷࣬ʡĿʼ˱һ˸ӺʱһٻЭ
ʰߡ
ںг󹬵ĹͬŬܶ£Ԫ˲ᶼˣ
ٴδ˻ʹ£οʹԱͬʱҲǶԼæµֱرĹȥ
ٷԸ̴ȡΪ׼õ
ģԺģÿһѡƯǵԸģи͵ġ
ͳԼС⣬ϴھģʽһʢϯ
ϴβͬǣɶԲμӡ
Ҫκοף¥Ϸ̨ʳԼʱӵĻϷȫ쿪ţڳ߲Ҫ̫ǣ͵棡СϷ˸ָĽƷ
оСѵһվ
ȲͽȯŽϷУÿϷϷÿǰдֻҪ峡ϷȥһäҲл鵽
Ҳ˽ģϾҲźúô֣ȡôš
ս뷨֮ʱһɫƽžǲȤӡ
ʵڵ⼸գ֪ССȯĿ¡
еϷɣȥ⼸밲˵ȥѣ
ǣȯջʵ̫̫
Ƴվڸ¥ͤɫԲ̫ÿĵߣߣӣæһͷȡŶӵ˺
ǽȯͳ;ʮţô˵Ҫܶһ£
¥ⶼֵĽŸֻΨеѰ˴ƫƧĵطվţ˸֦Գֱֽ۱ţһյʱЦ˲ֹʮʱʱ߳
ģ·ĵ̲ס
ϳԶмҪ־ͷ·𵱳ʱʳĳֿĿȺɵĵ˵Σ
һ򵥵ѯʣ˵⡣
ս벻յĺָʲôȤԶԶϴǽʬվҪر
ҪСʺˡ


50 
ϳԸܵϲͣɢԹ, ش𣬱㳯ڷ˳еȥ
˵ʵĺСʺȻܵ󹬵ġĳЩҹ㶼ܷӼһ, ŵģҲޱȡ
Ҳ֪Щʲô
ҲСʺЩ뷨еĳһˡ
˼, ϳͶصϣ˵㲻һ룿
Щӵͬʺͦĵġ
հĻ˵, Ҫֲ˼ˡ
˭֪
һ⻰ӦӦ, Ҳָ֣е֦˸, ֳĳŶŰȥһİͷ硣
һ
䣬תˡ

ϳ˵ĵٿԶֺȺ, ջĵ׵ĺռ˴󲿷̧֣λŵİ, ѯʵˣ
ô֪ĻΪ۸ˡ
ͷĸ, ɾͲá
СӦǲϲʺִⷢŵġѵһվ˾, ڳ¥СϷǻش˵ɻ򵥽ʺԼеԵɡ
ϳ, ֻúЦǰСʺֱ˵ҪͷĽһϲ, ͷסЩĻ, ûٹע
ԭô, ôϲ
, Ҳÿλɶϲڹңڣ⵹Ҳˡ
ϡ棬ϳҲ̧ͣȥǴɣ˵ŵĵ˲
ϷͲ֪ԶԶĴչ֣ڵĲˣµһ
Ҳû취
ĽǶ̫ˣλֵЩͬڣηſǿšλݵÿѰ˵ʱصͬü¡
ҿɶ˸һĴأ
ǲܸĵġ
룬ͷϵĵҲԲӾҪˣûЩæţ¾ҪΪеȨۡ
ǿɾΥĳԡ
˼ڤգɲôð취ǵˣҲܱȴΪ塯ʵսޡĻǿ
⻰˵
Чȷʵϲ˵úܡ⼸¹ںָǿȹѹ£ҲһٿȽеĻһֶԽý࣬ȫȻ磡
ȻҲǿľߡ
ŬμӸϷ黭ͨϷҲûˣƤֻܿȥȥ齱
ڽ
ǵʺѾþ뱲ӵ˲Ϸͳ鵽˹һš

һţ
ص޹Ȼ¡
ͳʮžȥϷǰƣҲаͶäһŻԼ飬˸ֽȥäġ
Աú
Ȳȥŵƫˮɻ֮ɢĸ
Ժʹӵջһʳеͷ
ͺܲףͺöԼͷΪʲôҪͷ
ɴյĲҲʼʼŵġ𡯡
ǰƫţҪһ䡮𡯻˵µǴ
ʯΪ
ɧŵһ£ӭİСȼ٣εֻ˻־̴ӣ̫ûֻ
˵ʲôۺΪ
ôҲȤõϢʰҽһֱߵ̴ԼŮٶϡ

ŮٱʾϹأա
һĵϣŵһһĴ־Ļǰ¡
ĺܴͷжҲʵá
ҪǣЧǰҪ̫̫࣡ʱµӰʵ̫Ϊһ˳Ѱ˯¡
һòʱ֣־ŵĳҲͣ
µˣ
ľ׼ʱǱءڻʹ꣬Ҳ˿ûмˡ
ʱİгȥɮˣΪӭӵҲصɨһ
ִǰȴѾá
ӲŸ𣬵ϾѾһƬ꣬ǧǧǧǧꡯ
Ұôų
ŮٵĲǻ˿ûһĻᡣ
ͬľż˰㣬ŵһһĹ
㡣
ɮǶɢ˸£ų׽ַСϸڣҲڻþΥɡ
ĵòеϤĹͷǷֿʺһҲöʲô˫ʮǰġСʩɡʺ
ٱʲôӺӺ̬ǧֻļȿȣķˡ
ȹڶȾܡȺ 
ֵĽ徲еܳһֺųĿĵأϺеԺȥ
ſӭӵɮûƼϺиСеӰӣΪȥˡҪǸղŸɨصĴʦ˼䣬֪һһСų
ôɵʱ䣬һ棿
첽ϺеԺЦźϺʦ˭
û˵꣬ȿԺվһĵ
͵ذѻͷס
ϳüͷ΢壬ǳ񡣡
ԭ˵Щʲôȴʦסˡ
ʩлմʦЦۺ룬תͷͱһŴЦż˵ȻˣƶɮɹɹҩݣЩɶǺöȹɹˣʩһԼţܻõϡ
˵ߵǻʺСʩǰְԼôط¡
ЦĿ˼ºӺЩʲô
תͷǴĿڼ˵ϳҲţʩһɹɹҩݡƶɮҪʰյң鷳λˡ
ϳȻӦ¡
״ʦҲͣת߽˳һԿϰҵСи˽ȥ
ǰôһĲҩֽͷÿ̽ͷһơ
üһЩɵĲҩһˣ
̧ͷޱĵ̾˿ܵԺһ﷿ʮİüƵĴӡ
Ÿհ꼸ӣͿֱӽĲҩڼϣæֹɹģҪֿУ
˵ֿ꣬첽ܻ﷿
ֲ̿ڵĻѾһǻҳ飬ִĸɾ󣬲ŷ鿪ʼҩݡ
ͬʱ˵Ҫдòҩ;ֽѹͷŶʦҪˣЩҩģдÿԷֹʦôҩ
ĬŵĵѾʼҩݣЩĴսһЩС˵ʦ죿
ղϺпֱӻ˵
Ҳûƣǡ㡯
Ϻô꣬ÿ¶氲ܣ˵ǺõɳԺĳ̶ȡ
ԷҲһֱǻʩģҲûеù㡯ǡ
ϣԼеСŶ


51 
⻰ϳüͷ΢, ǺֱŲҩ˫ͣƬ̣Ҳûȥش⣬ǿڵ˵ͷ, Щɹҩݡ
˹, ġŶһ
ߣӷǺ죡ƽû˭ʹö, ̫֮⣬ҲֻϺˡ
ϺٵŹʦͷ, ƺҲĵɹҩݰɣʱҲСϰסϰףҪΪȥʾ
ģ, ܾ鲻Ŷ
׻˵ĺè
֪ԽԽ硯ĵ̲ס档
ѸæµɹŲҩʱ򻹺һ㡣
£۳ϺЦõȥԷص˵˼˵, ֱӱʾ극ʱǵô⼸˹
ģʱ͸Ӻˣ
Ҫ֪ϺȻ׷Ϊʦ, Էȴͬͨɮ˰㣬ûκμ, ˲⣬½Ϊ
ô, ʹûϺʹ˭
ɹҩ鶼ˣűʾѧҩ, ԷŽ½ġ
ڣϺҪ
ħõ, ȻӦ, һϸѯҪҪûôӲʺϽĶ

Լ, Լǲۻ³ٵĻþ, ȻôڵϿ̬
Դ̫󣬵û˹
֣ʹᷢ档
ֱ÷ʱ
ſȻʹﻹҪҪ׵ͷﻹµʵûôθ£ƳѾɫʼò͵ĵֹ۲һֻǶ˵Сӡ
ԥúڿٴѯʵ£ʦˡ
ſڵ룬ͱϳ̧ͷֱֱӭߵı˵
æͷ
ʱжʾԼѾٺ棬ǳɵĳԷ
ϳСʺܵŰģֻúŻŵӣ̧ͷ㻻˸顣
۾Բġ
˹ճǼֻū˵ӣֿɰġ
鲻ĵ˺£˵Լ̸ۣкЩ˻֪Ȼˣ˿е֪׿ڵ
ǣѵÿڣһĹ¡
һʼԡǰиӡΪԷơиѡĸʽ˵ԼϾΪ̫ӣһģһ
ܿ죬̵Ĺ¾ͷ˱仯
̫ӱ̫Ǵ־ǰ߲򣬴˷ҲſףñϱС˵￴ĻҪھڵĴʶˡ
Ȼ
ͻȻϳһת
ֻλԼʮ̫ͻȻ𷨣Ӵ˶ţٹ֮¡

úŹµûôת۸Ȼ˵ȥͺܷܣҲǶԷѵô˵һλóʮֵרעȥġ
ɣ͸
þһ̫ͻȻţ
Ǵ˵е۴ӷ
ĿڲһĹάάĹ£ϸƷ֮¾;òԾ
Ե޹ʵģҲܲ¡
ڽ֮ǰϺУ

ϺпҲš
ǹ̫ӣ
뵽⣬ٴεԲԼ˫ۣ״ε˵Ϻǡ
񣡡ϳ֪СʺͬʦãõʦЩӶĻ࣬Ȼ㲻˲
Ƴ
ԷѾ˫ֽסͣæòУƿ˵ʦ
ѾͻϢеͷһٷԵԺģ˶˼Уų̲֪ʲôʱ򱻵Ƶǰͷ
˸öͷζ
û뵽Ϻлôţƺݣ̫ӰٽһǵǶԷжִţֵǲ͸¶ٰ㣬ܼᶨеһж
Լġ
ϸûмõȨζʵˣԭúܵϻʺλö᲻ùˣοȨߵĵأ
˵
ǵ̫ӻǵУƺϺжӣǰߺ糱ߡ
ʮŶĺ
λ֪ǳ˳Ϻλ˵еĹʦɻԾ˿С
ԵĲ˵Ͼ׬ˣ
ߺ˼룬߸ڵԣŵСʳУͻȻ뵽һ硣
֪ʱ˴඼ʮͽ顣
е̫ӶʮŶ
ôǰϺСŶڵøĽжԷˡģڡ
Сľ˽⵽ܵɫһ죬ֱҹｫ˯ŽϺблҪţƵʵ
治С˵֮С
ȻÿɫĴڶӵ⡣
ֻûгֵֹĻʺĻʺҲֵĻ
ա
ѹŽںоҪСȥΣ̫㱣ܶඣûü˵ڣǰ׼һЩࡢҰˮ
ȵһϵжûüͳȥ
緹ûԴҴҸƫƧԺ󣬺˵ѾԴδ뿪ǱϺСС
Ҳܲõڲڡ
ԷôվҲ˵˷ʱ䡣
߶߽׼õĶϺУظ֮Сиôá
մʦ׼ĶֻЦһ룬ǡµľʩá
״ϳҲ֪Լסʦֻ˸ƽƽ׳ʿִҪʦδϴˡ
Ҳ֪ʦӡ
һʼû£׼öԷˣСʺ㵹Ҳ
մʦҲûƴǣҷһ뵽׳ʿУЦ˵ͱ㲻ˣͷǵڿЩɹҩˣҩʩĪҪȡһŶƶɮɹĳ͡
˵꣬Ҳͣ
ҵһһСһ׳߳Ժ䡣
ʱճ
âڴ֮ϣҲΪλγϲ⡣
ǷoıӰĿ뾴ҲϺĵ
ν
ʱԹѯʹϺΪԷֻԷӺƣԱˡ
Ҳλʱ䲢ȱôõֻȱż־˵ĺаա
֮ͨܿͽ֮Ժ󣬾ԵĵѾʼӷɹҩæǰ
ûǣͷпһأ
ԼֵõĲҩǾñͷЧҪõöࡣָմȾڹʦϵͷ͸ҲǼõġ
նû֮꣬£ҩͬÿɽܵǰ㣬ɹøɸɵġ
ǻʺйƵˮˮԼĨͿϵ࣬ڿ²һƤҲҪڸȡ
ա
ŵɹõĲҩֱŽϺרŷŲҩҩУٴҩץϼѷֱԼǰ׼õľ
æţͻȻ
Ҫһʱ䣬ʺ÷ɡϳ·ֻ˵˼С¡
ԭҲ֮Сʺ
뵽ԷЩΪãѰԼ¶Щʱ˿ɾͲá


52 
϶δͣ, ⻰ڱѯʵǱ¼ʱѽ
ʵԴҲ㲻Ϻ档
æŰϺиԼĳᣬô䷴ʡ
Ͼٿɲ֪ġ
ϳҲƳСʺʵĲ, żȻ˵˵, ಻˵׼ȷʱ䣬ʲô»öԷЩڵ, شԼĪһࡣ
˭֪һ⻰, ϵĶͣصػͷ, ǾȵĿڣôãҲһࣿҪȥ΢˽أ
Ҳȡ
ȼٻҪ͵͵ȥӾϵĵôǷǵ£΢˽á
ѹżλú, ߽Ҳޱȣ⻼ɴ˿ɼ, һ࣬Ҳʣôɽˮ΢˽õĿˡ
뵽, ΢΢ףû˼ɸ̸µģ, ſ˵ǱҪȥʲôط
ʱ˳ŵĻᶼࡣ
ʫʻ黳Ķ֮£ɽˮ֮仹Եʲôൺ, ֶ
֪ͦǴȥʲôطɽˮ
ȿȣ΢˽顣
ϡ
ϳ˼һ, Ǹ˻ش
жǰСʺ, ŽôΧҲ, Ҵ¶ԷֳҲ֪
ϰ
пŵͬʱ۾, ǰλŰ˽ɵܵĸСŽεĺεķŮεĵˮ
żھУҲûҪõڽϣûȥһΡ
ʱŮӳбͲס
ÿⰲ£ѾǼпޱȡżܺƤֳȥǸɽɽˮˮ棬ȻǼޡ
ʲôϺ⣬ֻгּ
У
ǳʶǸٺòĻᣬ⼫п뽭һΣ
嶯ԣѸٷеĲҩ첽ߵ̨ǰ˫ֽŹ̨¶ԼСǰĵ
ܴᡣ
£Ҫȥѽ˵ɽˮ÷Ҳã·;ֻһ˿»᲻󷽱㡣
˵߼Լ˫ˮ۾һգһգӪɿģ»ͷ˶٣ż˵ϳ檰ɣ˰Сʵʲôܸɣ˵Ҳǲ˼檻Զȭţڵ£ǿ֡
ͣţǳŵİԼװɾӼҳαرЯĺƷ
ԡǼϱֵƷ
˵ͶҪˣǰĵδ䣬ҲûߣƵľ豭˼ڡ
ɰòС
Լȴ̧ͷ
ֱֱԷ˫Цݱֿڴ
ֻŵıһһϡ
ɲءϳҲû뵽Сʺ󾹻ͬУֱľܾ֮뵽ЩʲôζĿ˵˵ϣ޺ͼ𣬻ʺҲлȥϡ
ⰲ£ǲСײСʺĳ׮¡
ԣȫȻûаֲ˼ⶼµ飬ǰûóɲʹ
ֱ̹̹˵ǰǰ£ôһȥϵĻڳ檵ǰûϧȵʧȥʱźĪʹĪڴˡٸһλᣬ檻ǻԥľܾΪ檵ȵľǱ´ȥϣԵʲôˣ檶Ӧ
٣˲Ҫ޵С
ֻҪԼϻ㹻࣬õ⣬һϣ
Ҳö̶̼ӵʱ侫Ŀġ
΢˽ô˿϶࣬ܶ಻వһţҲȱ书ǿˡ´ѹţûҵɱɱĵز
ֲС˵С˵ֲǣô߰飿
һʲô¡
ʮɱһ϶ģȭ˵ӵ书Ҳʵʣܶ㣡лħĵڲܳһĸоˡ
۰Ͱ͵Ķŵ˫գգ˫ʹʹòãòã

ϳΪûнӴֱױ֮ˣС˸ͬˡ
һ⣬գ۶ˡ
Ҳʵڲ֪Ӧȳ棬һ䡮ɡӰ첽ʧſڡ
Ҳɵˣô˵ֱ˰̧ȥ׷׻ǼĲҩתѸ
յĹһС
øӶ󣬱ŴѵĺӣʼڰѰ١
ʼռֻҪԼ㹻ŬͱضĥõӦ
ǣյİ¸֡
ŴĴѯŵ٣ŻʺݣɮҲټã߼ײ˵
ͬӰӰ㣬ڵ߶߶Լĺãﶼѣֻһˣߴߴðȸȥ
򲻸ˡ
ʵܲˣҲҲͷסСʺ죬׶ԷôôϡŹֵĻ˼ǣȻûظ
ʵû취
ҹʱ֣ŸصСʺƽжβסƣ˵ջʺǵЩˣԹޡ
ƣӦǻҲҪСʺ߶ͣ
޶ΣҲǲɡ
ҮֵĻʶǰſƵ˵檵˼ٺò糼檱¿ĪҪ³ŶǳиˣҲЩЪϢɣ
˵꣬Ҳپת뿪
õҪĴ𸴣ȥʰңѵŵʰǲЦ
ܿ죬ҹɫصԼϾطסҲԶ
̴ʰ
ȴû뵽ŮپѾյҪеϢĵĸʾҪЩδĶ
ǵģŮ֪Ҫţ֪
Դ޲Ͼز¶Ůһֱǵˣ书ǿˣûŮϴͷʹ࣬ôĻأôܲˣ
ʰʱ˳ϺµǷݳбرһ뱸ϣٰɹõĲҩҲ˺Щˮĸ
ٳһҡ
СȷʵеӾｭζˣ
ա
춼ûʹ羪ѣɷҳҹԼӲܡ
˺ˮѸϴ
֪ϴȥ
üһ
ŵĵ
Ҫٳһ㣬Ӧ˶ԷǾ䡮Թޡ
ָĿֱֱͶȴǿ˵ţ£ÿѽԲֻͦÿģ԰ɣó£Ȼˣɾ͸ĽŲˡ
˰
󹬴ˣȾЩϰ
ⲻ֪鲻ԽͿʼɲĴ硢Ǻ󹬽ǡλ¹뿪ɷ򣬲ŵ޹Ůģ
ϳĿûֱӦ𣬶ǽ
ڻ˵õҲ㼰ʱ
Ȼ¾͸ϲСʺⷬˡ


53 
, Ӳתӣô򵥵Ķȴ˷·а뱲ô, ֲһͷȥ
ڳܱ䡯Ŀû, ˭ͬϵǳ
游ǴҪȻֳ
ղ, ָŸԹһͨ
ҲǿԹĻ
΢ߵ¡׿㻺˵ʱҲߵԼҾ, һƣͶ˫ЩϤ
֪Щʱվڹйò
󹬹ܵ÷, ɽŷ˸ȨơҲʹĻԣδҴһԷϵƣͬǰ龫ֵĴͳЩϹ
׿Ĳ²⿴, ǹװ̫࣬ħ顣
ô, ȷʵ󹬶֡
Ҳ˿Ͼ, ǵϧŻԵʲô׶й֮λľ֡
׿ȴû뵽, 񷽲ŰЩþ͸ͬ˵
ˡ
, ЩҪԼҾá˽Ҷѡ
ּÿÿ˻ԼⷬԼ̧, ֱӶԷ˫, ˵ʺ

øŸˡ
ָܳط, ֱȥ, ҪȻֱҲǲԣ
ΪʲôΪʲôòȻȻߡĬһµͱĴϣºˣٲ˶߶
뿪ڻһ磬Լǻʺ˽¿ڵǰҪȫЩ
˼ȥ
ǾԼ졣
ĬĬ˵ͷ󣬽ŲѸƣ·óԼֳǰС
״׿ŻͷҸʱúͬ˵˵񷨹أջߣȴƳϤŮӲ˵Ĵ
ٽϾ÷ԣԼνϵ١
ֳϰߣ͵һæѰƣץŵսЩ
ͬʱ߿쿴ؿûɽ
ֻҪ˵ֳ;Բڵǰѯһ米ҪȥЩʲô
ͬᣬ˷ʺҪͬУ·Ѿˡϳ˵ţɫǰûκα飬ȴ֪Ϊɢ˼֡
ҲǿСʺ¶
ѵһԼһʺ볼ӵǰģǷڱģܹ˴
׿֪Ӳ˵ϻǳ׼ȷץǡ롯ֲ֣˵ò˵ӣɫЩ̫ÿ
ǹ˼ŵڴˣϼǵľã
ͬ⻰ֱӾˣֱӽע͵ƵϣŶԷûκα仯飬۾ֱˡȺ 
Ǳ
ʵ̫СˣССıԹʵõ
Ͳ˸ɵ£
ϳɫĶߣԷְס̵̡ƽȴðŻľʱݣſ˵ʱˣҹɫЩա
ŵ׿㴹Ӧ
ת̧ǰʶԼҾûԭأᳶ˳ԷʵڲСİ
ǰĶ̫̫أҲСõôЩֱѶԷ˸Ų
ΪֳԼİѶǰֱյԷǺɸֵߣͣ½ŲʵˡŷӦ粻ֹȥϡ
ֺõĶԴգ˺ü۾󣬷űŰ첽׷˵ĽŲ
ѡ롯ĳ;С
ҲιˣǲȥǿɾĿˣ
ŻȥҪŴŵֳҹɫߵ˺ɽ
һ͵ӵС뼸ƥȺ
յָǼСֻݵһ˵󣬱ͷǵɵޱȵĳܽ밲¡
ŵڣֳҲڵ
ΪȷԼܻŵϣھһֵת󣬱ʵʵı˫Ϣ
˵ʵеСˡ
ǧҲûԼʱεжƣҪ˯һ·ȻŻһ·
ҲСڡ
׻ȥϵǿʢЩ˯ҲҪʹ˯ȥ
Űΰѵһֱ˴Լ
ֱĳϤġʺߣŻ˫̧ۣǴŮŷŽȺôϵó

ȵȣŮ٣
Ǹ
æһȦΧԼȷʵϣ˰ʣ°ǻδŵûеİġ
˼ˣ˵ڴˣͣǺδ
ھ⡣
ûֱӿѯʵټҲʳԼǲǱ˰¡
ūȻҪźѵǽԺ䣬»ȥװһŮһƿӣһȵĽʺ
ʺƽغŴгĴָСͲȥͬʱ˵·еݣǽСԺҪӦݣܱ¶
ӹֻϱӵӾӰżĲСͲúоŮߵʵڼֻɼŵֳȥıӰ
ɫ΢ʱҲǽȵúܣֻýͲģŴŮȥװ
ܿ죬Ůپ͸һ󵽲е
ֹű֪Ǯ·ϲǻǻ侱䶼׹Ž鱦ﻹŸζʮ㵽ȥݵ

ʱ䣬ƺЩݿȥҲ̫Ǯ˰ɣȥϣᱻˮ˴
˵»㰲
ߵ˼ҹ⻹и˵еĽأǮ̫ߵɲ
ױ̨ǰŮͿͿĨĨͬʱֽ̧Ͳ򿪣ϸһ
üһ
ɲǸĻң籾Ҳ̫ս˰ɣ
ǻɵС˽ȥϵ˵ֱӰɵԶڽϵ̫صĹø˳˵λ̫ز֪Զ˶ٷݵıС㣡
λСʧ󰵵ˢֶμĳ̻У̻СȥǿŲŻסҵ
ֶ֮ᡣ
ҪǣҪݵһԸǳڻңޱȣûӣֶŮ׵
ǸǿŻסҵˡ
ܵ˵˲û̫𣬱ϾůŻסҵԸƫִЩҲ

ɳֻɵȻô˸Ůľ籾ʲôˣֶμǮ˼ңʲôޱȣҪִ·鱦ҡ
ʥκУ
ѵ¹Ĳ˽ɫô
ȻԪ÷ŮҲȫû⣡
ٲãΨһ籦ĸǿȡ¹׸ѵڻҾ籾Ҫôж
ܲرڿͭԼԭЩֺСǷ߰˷ƣ۾ϸһԵ̬Ǹ߰ҿ̱úܡ
ƯǾĪǳڻŶ
֮ǷǳǷӡ


54 
ٲҲûа취, ֻǸ˳ȥϵСӣԼ黹Сҹȥɷǰû̫ĻȨ
ͺ
Ǵ򲻹һҴ
ôһ, ͸ˣ
ͭøǶŮ, ֽŵĻ涼Ҫȥ˭¶
òŮٵ
Ѿװ磬ֱŸͷķˣǶɫֶ, ôǸŮ˰
ˣΣŮҩˮ·˿СС, ֻҪúõҩˮϴȥϱµĺۼ
Ǳ˵޼˼º, Ϊ˱ô۵Сǡ
·ݶͬԶݡ
Ů⻰ٴνͶѾӳճͭǰ˼, Լµǿ롣
üһ
ԵľͲ˵˵ǽ񶾻Ů˵ֱӵø, ǲЦṈ̀Ư
Ҳ֪Ǵ˲, 趨÷ǳСɫݶչʾ
ݵĲԼ, ֱҪֽоˣ
ĵŴŮٶҩĽͣڶԷԲƤκӰ, Щճɷֺ󣬲ŵڵʱ, ҲǸó, ɲñݡɾõȡ
ĥ, ɾô
үҲ̫, ϾﻹиϷڣ๫ʲôġ
̫ˣ
ƤҲǲܿڣܵᣬҸûᣬŴ粻ڣ͵͵ƺΣ
ڵӿɷˣԴӷԼĸСǺ󣬱Сֽ̽Էĵ
٣Ҳ֡
ֻСССգܣȻҪõĲݣЩӹĴСС׵ܶˣøĲҲٰ
ֳ˷ҲҵͬУ΢΢ͷѻŮ٣ɢ΢УǼˡ
ӴŮٻ˵ǿͷǳԾĽɫṈ̀񶾰ĽٵĻŮ
뻹еսԣ
Ѳֱˮѡ
طˣȴūҲ֪ȥһӻǱүŮٲɷ˵º󣬲ʮмɵĽֳɡү
˵ýСĵڣū죬һĹܼѾˣ̷˵̴Ӿͷū澴ȥ
ԣ۴Ů٣ŶԷǷСܷģʱоԼڽȦĵ·һ谭
ϷҲ̫˰ɣ
֪ĻΪǸҪ˵Ļˡ
ɲУҪŮ䣬ҲҪɫģҪʱȦһȽȽǣҪϹǸ־籾ɷ˫ۣ
뵽⣬һƳŮٺ󣬲źĿ˵ҼˡȥЩˣǵɾ̵ʱ䣬Ҫÿ
⼸仰˿ûѹ
߳žͳں⣬Щ˽ĸ̬֪ˣ
ϣԸǰϵĶݼΪɫתǿҵˣ
մմϲţͿŸֳ߽ĵ
ʱ䣬ԺŵĻϲֱ׹ء
ԣıݱΪɫǲ԰׵ףžͲ󵽲֪мͷɻӣ
Ӱ⣿
Ȼòδ̫䶯ֱӷųǶϵóλ˵йƱͬȱ˵ĵ
ȻҲȫϱߡ
Ͼǵӡûպû
ˡϳǲӷ綾߰ݵߵһƳͲǿˣ·𿴸
˵꣬תߣ顣
·ʱӰ˼·

Լĸ߹ʱȫѹˣ̫̫󣬷ӵ̫ࡣ跴ȴֻһѾꡣ
Ҳû䡣
ԺǼ޲䵽ϵ̴ӣ˵ûɾ𣿶ɵվŸʲôأϽߣܼǵʱѵû˵Ҫú˵һ㶵ľľͷƵġ
˺ˣã˵䡣
׿һͼԼҾ˫۷ĿʼſСȰȰ˵֪ԷǸԼļݸˡ

֪ðӡ
ֺģöˣҲǾ̫˼赽ǰ
ߣ綼ˣξƹǡòһ±ݣΪԼֳͳȥأ
ײƵȻЩεġ
飬һ죬ϴǵ̬ȽЩǵ˵˵Ƿּɫݡ
Ҫ˵⣬Ҳ
˼ˣֿһЩ߷ֳϺ󣬱ߣЦű㿪˵磬տЩͬſ治緢úܡ
ѽ
òײиϷԼҸĻᣬɲܴ
Ȼ⻰׿ֺתڣüͷһ壬˸ޡͷˡ󣬻Ϳ첽뿪ˡ
ۿǵǰеӰ鼫õЦβָ׹ŵ鱦
ݺ񻹲Ӱ
Ȼʲôְ̱Ľٶˣ༸⣬ӳӣָǽأ
ܿ죬һ˱߳ԼĪĽԺӡ
ֻźЩ̫ر𣬵㹻һƥŲٵĻﳵھֵĳͬС
۾ͿóǸ̶ӡ
󷽷ĴһΧ˻ͦģǴһﳤö̫ͨЩͨä֢Ҫ˵ĵز
Ҫ˵⳵ﶼͨˣǲŵġ
͵Щ߸ᵽԼŨǺ˵ζʱȻ;ԼӦЩʲô
ǣĿ˵ǵŴŽ̤ӰһУЦſ첽ȥͬʱ˵ɾȵ·;Ҫͬһ
ʹƼ޸ĸ鶼óȺ 
ǴͥС˼
СڳҲûͨˣĶˡȴݵʲôһ㣬ģøιݵιݣý̸Ľ̸
´ӰתǶܾ׼ʲôʱöĿʲôʱǸӡ
׿ڵԲԶȻҲˣǺ˵Щʲôý̫ߣʧ˷ִЩʲôɾͲá
ûء
ŵͱĳʦǣһߣѯΰ͹ˮ
ɾɾأ˵仰ѽ
ڼıݣɫԹĶǰķҲĿ֮¿վԣȰȰȿڵžͼӵ͵ЩҲƽȣ֪ȥҪأˣ·ԶţЩС
һһϡ
뵽ʲô˵ʲô̱ݲֱӰ
ֻҪΣôεֻеһˣ


55 
ɧŵϳɫδ, ԴӾλСʺһյ׷ĶӵĳѾӦࡣ
άŻƽ顣
ϳĿǰ˵ͣġ̱ˡҲǶԷıʵ̫, ʶԼŵļݡ
ѹͻƵͬʱ, ż
λ³¯ķͣ»ͷŶԷͷǸȻҪ̬, ֻޱĽŵŮ, ˵ȻªͬУȥɡ

ûаֿЦζ, ϺòײŰڳ˲ͽӲòС
ûô治ģ
ݾˣǰž籾趨ȥ˵ѣһԲϾͿڰͻȥô£
趼޺ã
˭˵ĲͬУɲ⵽ߵѼӶܷŷ, ҪͷֲǺˬ, ˵⽭ҶҪȥ, Ȼɲ֪ɾ᲻ᱻС˻أ죬ȥͷ
Ʋ
û, ûã
ССĶԵһϽеļ, ǱӣҲ΢΢ͷŰʮǼԾĳܡ
ֱӰȫȻʧӺ, ֵĳӷŰЩ
֤Ļ׿ڵÿȹ, , δҲ̫Щ
ڵֻ̲ûȥƽϡ
ȥ, ܾûɷǳֲĺ
ͬúúý̸̸³ӾҪڼݷƣҲܵ롮Զá˵ʱ䡣
·ţλҪ˯УӦٳַŵĳ档
׿ȷʵ㹻˽Լá
ûãûỵ̄Ů㹻̺˯ʱ齡
ĵŮٻ·˺üڹлƵķλԲα
ȻڼݵƣⱧĲϿ϶ûйеôʲôϺõƤӻ˿񶼲áëָҲúܣɴҲһʡ
ô£СͷֱŸëȱ߷ֱɴССͷ
ĸ˲̹˲ֹ֡
ѹŵܿ˼֮⣬˸ǷҲùｻŮٱѵڶڹĳӸ
ǰһƬڰ
Ҳ֮Уʲôʱָ̣·ȥģȫȻ֪
ٴѹǱŮٻѣֻǳЪϢò͡
δɢ˸ǷǺóȥƼȦһĳݼ
ŮٱʾͷڳԸʾСǹǿžӲҲô׵ͷǽ͵һʱԥ˸ۡ
˵ȳ԰ɣһء
治ЩʱŮٸͷʱ׼ӹţϤζһ඼˵źû˷κһףȫԽ˶
ǰֲĲͷ֮жӲ
ū澻׼˲硭
ŮٵȻûʺӲͷڸ·ʳ
ֻڴ֮ͥ»һЩʳðա
Щ˵ɣ̫Ҳ۵뷨ûУ˵䣬˽еͷ˯ͼŽ֮εξ
ûʼγɵúúֵܿΡ
ͬʱ׿ӹСΪ׼õʾΪԶݹƧ˵ĵȥһ룬Ͷ˾ŵ
öδԷ
˿ûСΪϵġԶáҲȥһ롣
ôûмϹ֡
ӾĵĴ̡
ͷϷǹߴͷ䣬ʵû취ڼ˯Ҳʼշת
ЩѡҪ۵ģӱܶʼҪԵһ졣
ȥϣҪγ֮ࡣ
Ҳŵס񣬲Ȼ͹ǳܿӿݵĵƨҲҪߵÿ˻
ƿСӸŴԵ΢磬䵽ǲǿӾʯӻݵ·ʱĳλѧҵһ仰
ߵ˶ˣҲ·
ɲ
·߶ҪСȵĲݣԱȼֱҪ̫ǿҡ
ĸķǳʹ࣬Ŭں˼룬Ҳ̲סȥעԼǷͣθѹǹһһͼӿˮ
µǣ
ţŵö϶ͣðȺ
ʼʱ֣ܿĴȻȾĻҰɫͷֻܽ˫ۣҧгݵİԴСԱߡ
Ҳòˡ
ȹϼ尾ŵ㣬á
ʹҲ֪˶ãõҪ̲ס˳
ͣˡ
Ҳܸû취ܣŮٵĲƿ͵سһԾ
ȵء
ȻͬȾͿ񱼵ԣʹŻ
һС
ӵߣСС˶̲סͣ½ŲĻĴλ΢Ұִ³һЩķˡ
Ǵ󿪴ϵĶٰصء
ǶԷĵȹлΣΪ˭ҵĺء
ʱ֪Լ˽㣬ŻһֱӴǸεˮ
ͷĹ´ˮ
˸ڵʰŵ壬ڵһ¡
ЩȻ͸оЩԾΧƺְЩ
ͷһơ
üһǳӻ˶أ
ֻǸŻҪŻǵö಻壬ʺ¶ˡ
Ϊʲô
˼Ƭ̣Լͬ鱦չʾܰĴ磬Ȼ
ԼĪʵ̫˰ɣ
ͷǮ·϶ᱻ࿴ۣҲ
˼ˣ΢΢ۣͷŮѾߵߣ̧ȻȻöԷԼ
ЩΧ۵Ⱥû࿴һۡ
ԣûζ
Ŀ˵̬ϵĴ磬̰Ůֱӵ쾡£ġ

ЩʲôΧ۵Ⱥǲ֪ģֻڸпţλ˻ͦͦرģЩǮȨƵ˼Ҷⲻͬ
Ҳǣ˭ҷѵذ嶼һ
ɽ·Ƚ᫣Ҳ㹻ƫԶûôǮʯ·Ȼ£ʯ嶼Ҫѿ
Ǻδôӡüͷ΢ַͣǳԻ˸ʵ֤Ŭס衣
֪ΪΡ
ЩȣΪʲôһôġôĲڿǮ˼鱦εıǾΧؿʯ
ã㡭
׿ӭԼõԺţ͵ųͣ±㰲γľãԷĶʵ̫Ѹ٣ӦĿǸ߸߾ˮںˮ͵һĨǵĻ档
ּԷʼݣɫԽԽӣòײſڼ˵Щ𣿡


56 
С
άǸֺģ, ȻǰλԸϵġ硯Ҳʵһ̬
Ѿ׷ŷң
ܹ鶼Ҫһѵ, ծ಻ѹ, оƽǵǰܲս۷
˼, ۹ĴһΪϾһСӣߴ಻ϵĸɽ, üͷ˵ʲôطôɽˣ
еѹͲڡ
ΪһλûӵĶƯҲѯʳеɻ, ˿Ĺǡ
ƹɽˮ·ЩѾ̬׿㻺شţֶ̿ԷҪٴ˴һҵıݣæ˵·ôã, Ҳˣջǰ, ЩȥϢɡ
ԭΪпԵ͵һЩĿ
û뵽ԼԼľ, û뵽⵨ãȻڡ
, ˵ЩʲôòѹµǹͷǶķθȪˮٴӿ, ѹ£Ҳܡ
ŴŮ, ò֪ĳסС졣
Ĵ

Χ۵ֻλ˲, ̶̼, Ǽʶḻ˲١
ԭֹԸͷЩǱ
Ǯ˼ҵķ˸˲أŻһҪδģ, תۼ仰Ĺַ·ʲôòС
Ǯ˵ԭɡ
鲽Ůٲ߽ջȫ֪Χֵ˶Լ˸ʲôͷ
ʵҲûҪߵĵز
ϾЩӸ弫սҲǰģǾԼݡҪиӹǲ̫趨ա
һպǷЩʲô⣬ͻȻշתȣ
˵ˣҲҪЩ˴۾ġ
˰ϻľ鷢չ˭˵˶ýһˬ
ӺСʱ͵šгһաϱӳʵȭʱķǷϿΡǾΰãǼбιֻ̣Ǵ书ֲѧĶʼûиʩȭŵĻᡣ
ٵ˹˻ʺ󣬼ʶһƾþʯֻҽ

۾ϹĶ֪һԶèֻϱӵļ
ڻԶڵȴЩ׼ˡ
ָһ㣬˽֮бضƽ˾ʲôľͲᡣ
ԽǷĵطԽǿˣǾǻ˸ֶμĵҲòʲôطȥɴ˿ɼϱضôЩ۵ļһ
ֻҪôһèͶؼյ죡
˼ŵջ˺һֺ˰Ůٵ󣬺ܿͽԼЩʵʵ뷨֮Ժ
γʵ̫ĥˡ
ƣʼԼչ˸ֹֻϻδ
侲Ҳû߶ѯһŮӵ֣ٴԼĴ﷭ҳΪϺ׼Ƿݴѹ㾫µĵͼ
ŵͼĥã״ΪҪɽߡ
·˵·ӲӦ˵뾩ǲһյ·̣׬ٵˮ
ԣ·ˡ
ǰ׿شǰ㣬Ҫȥɽͷˮ·ˮ·˳±ɵִｭϣʡʱʡɽ·ôߣ
һɽ
ʱ·ͽ·ֻ涼һ
Ҳ벻ͨ⣬Ǹ˳ӴϵġСӡ˼̫ࡣ
ȷԼϵ·߶ѵͼ
ͷһŴҪôԶЩ־֢ĥΣͷԸŮȡԼϸ
򿪴ͷҪɽͷʼͼ
Ǿ仰Զ׼ˡ
С֮ףɲΪԼССʧȥǰľʱʱʲôͯŮ
ôƯͷСĲʹ괬
ͼϸ£˺ЩʱŽǷݴѹͼճƣŮӹֽͼɸС󣬾ͰһϵȺ 
ЩʱԼȫ˲١
ֵջСǷζʵЩĲһ
òϣ°˼ãԼôγȥҲʵڲǰ취
Ŵֲ֪ʲôʱյ¡
Ȼһޱȵͷôֶ
ҹ
ֻҪҹ㹻ãڶ˵սķɻ϶Ҫ˯š
˯ͬȥ˯š
ֱûб취γˣеĻǳ̡
˵ɾ͸ɣӲհǰ˺ˣ˼ƻҪȥʵС
ֻⳤҹ
ȴԺζԼǷɱӻгҹж⣬û˻ҹû취͵ҹ
ϱΪʲôôͨҹǻΪḻΪϢʱΪƼչ÷ɿ죿
һֻ
Ҳֻʮ꣬룬Ҳֻܸӻ֡
ͨãǾʹ
¼˺óʱĴ󣬱㷭ԼĴʼĥΰõĶϡ
빹˼һ¸ⷢĳԼԼôΣָеĹ߽ҾԮ
Խ룬Խÿֲ
˭֪Ǹһһϴ԰Ļ£˶ԼŵþޱȣŴֶקýġ
ǣһҹڽõĶϸá
ŮΪ̴ӣȻ֪һٶȰ޹ҲֻЭԷ
ʵʱ
Ϊ˷ֹԼͨͷŻһʱɫҪˣʵڸϲ߹ִҪŮ٣ɵ˴ϡ
ۣҿš
֪Լʲôʱ˯˶֪
ա
Ԥǰ㣬û˯Ǳ˾㣬ѹճԼڰ࣬һͷͷ˯ȥ
˶εɽ·ûܽѡ
˵ǳЧʮ
ɽ·С
·һգûָ߳᫵ɽ
Ѱ˴СׯЪϢͣ
ҲûȥũҽޣڴԱֽһ˼ҵĹЩʳ
˯һյûлظŹǷŮݣ㵥˸
תƵ⣬û¶档
ҹȻǼƣ飬ⲻڵľûС˼ڷˣſ̺ϼ
ǰ˯ˡ
һڣ;Ǿͷ˫ֱס
Ѿǰҹҹˡ
˯ţⱾĿĵأûд˯Ҳ̤ʵֵֿĶˡ˯Ҳ˯뷨
˹ȥüա
ɽͣյĳƽﵽĳ㷱Сӡ
ÿնҲ֪ӽɽﶼЩʲôһ˯һʹ˯ڣ˲ų׻綼ڰ˾ֻʣŮ١
û˷֡
׿ѾԼγúܾãڲԷһձһղͲȥ
ķš
ͬʱŲӵϳ¾Ƽ׿ľٶ


57 
Ъŵĵطǿջ, ϳµשԺԺǱ˻ҪߵҰݲᣬ㹻
ǿ, պðӶ
Ȼ, Ϊ˼ңϳĳλôҪݵıүȻǵһġ
˵³нŲ, е˶ʲôͨˡ
׿Ϊ֪֮һڵԺ, ȷϵۺķԺм䣬ͣĴͬԼúú̸̸
ȸѷɽиʵϲѹضɭϵúܵԺ, ޿֪ܵǵݣֱʱ
ټýյ״ҲʵȲȥˡ
뾩ԶӹǳЩʲô, ͻȥ
˲ᵢг̡
Ҫǣ׿ҲĵԼʲôĳ
ϳĿŲԶλ򶨵ɫֱ, ǶԷ̫ԼֻҪ΢ƫͷܼô, ȴɫԼ뷨

ԼĪ˶ϲȷйա
µվԭͣãֱ䱻Ůӭȥ, Ųḡ, ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ôˣ
ſϵûĴ˸ǷԼֳ, ۾, æӭȥ
³ȴֳͬҲ, Ůٶĵ˳, ȻǲϷǳԶõϷ롣
׿ӻƵԷ΢΢üͷΪǲиݵ״̬ͣ½ŲǷֺģ˵˯Щˣϣ֪ѰҺ£֧
˵ʮĿ̱ģ
˵Ļޱȣ̬ڣҲ˼ĸо

״׿˲üҲ̲סʼǳԼλСͰĴܵã
˵Ǻǳ⣬ʵҲٶԼеĵܵ˵ػŸܰѴһŵòСҲֻǺ˵˸ɺͳֽһһͲӵǱʲôҪ
һĴԴذ壬Թɣžޱȡ
ʵҲҶ
ǱѵҲͲǶ顣
׿㻹ΪǰÿʼʡһһѾ˼ţҿĸ룬󲻿³ç
ʵôˡ
ǰǸҹɫʵ糿ԵǷײѾĵòУ鷢֣˽֮лǾŵģ

⣬ʵǲ֪˵Щʲô
ĸ֣׿Ѿ˵ˣһѾ׼ȷΪ
ɶȥˣ̾˿׿˵
ȴûڻº̵̧ش
΢΢ֱֱۣŶԷŹɷʡʵһ仰ûȥֱֱŵ治֪Щʲô˫
ڰĻʹ֪ӦС̧Դ۰ֳչԷһ仰Ӧѯûкú÷ʡûȥ֮ơ
˵֪ˡ
˵ʲôܹǸȷģʱ˹Ҳ̵⣬ɲ˭ôûɫһ䡮ʲôط
Ǹֳֹͣ߶ѡ
Բˬ
ȴֳ֪Ϊ̫Ҳ̫̫˼²⣬˸ۡ
ԣעǰ׾ͽ˺ߡ
Ŷ֪ˣ׿㵭˾䣬ҲûڴϾ̫ãŶԷû̬ߵ£Ȳ裬˵°ա
ΪԼѾֳ㶨˿󷽷ȥȻҲû̫Σ÷
˫ǱȲ裬һС
̧ۿֳԷ̬Ȼûԭô࣬͵ع¼ڲʣſڱ֤ϼԼԺһٷ
ȴԷȿ˿ڡ
ЩȣĪҪǺš
׿ɫǱ֮ǰ࣬ȴ׷ŹҪᷢľʶԼЩľٶף
ǻڼǰ㣬ֻҪ캦ĻҲѹȥٳЩҲԱǡҰЩ
Ȼͬ
ϻǱʲô
˼ˣ׿к˼ڵĲ豭̧ǰѾȫȻ̬ã˵Ȼ˴Ǳظһ鷽˵Ļ

ű֤˶ɵˡ
ոտ̫أȻͷĺɳϵȥˣ
ֳ˵ЩʲôֻүԼڲ֪ʲôطİܸ׼ȷĴ𸴰ɣ
͡ҲҪЩççײײ顣ſڣǰû·ͼԼһ·
Ǿû취ģʲôֲֻ
ܽᣬԿԣ
ֳἰ޷ǾȥȥǼ飬ܹ鶼벻İΣҲ벻
Ȼǲἰģ˶ԷӦû˵ⷽ档
ôһܽ͸ˡ
ü仰ССֳ̽ǰɫҲûֹ˵Щȥ׳ŵӼ˵оҪһЩҪ岻Ϲص顣̰ᣬĽ١ҲҪ̫ǿֵֹľٶòҪӽĳλǽӽҲΪ顭
ˣҪ֪㳣֡
֮⣬ҲҪһЩԼͬʱС
ܲ־ͲҪ֣ͻȻ½ϣǼΪ׵顣һСľıֽ
ͣͣͣ׿ʵȥˡ
ʲôıֽû취ظһͰգ˵ֲĻԸ
ѵ˵˵Щʲô


58 
ҡҾ͡˵˵Խ˵ԽС, ֳǵޱϵ£ĬĬֹͣ˻ͷȻѾ˵Ĳ, ССһڡ
ѹѹ
̫, ˵Ʈˣٴη
׿˵Щʲô, ǰõģǧ仰ֻܻһ̾Ϣ, ģ˷ŵġ
˵, СԴáͳһСֽŵĶݵڲͣȲˮǰ
ŲˮԹѵĹµĿ˵Ƿǳᶨ
ֱôһСǰ
̧ͷƳֳ, ʱֽƵǰĵط
ڵҵģ
Ȼ׿ԥĻشš
գգ۾ֽʵֽһһ, һζ֮˳Ũ
ȫȻ򿪺
ֻһ÷϶ű˪, Ŷڳ
Ȳ˸̧ͷֳɵЦЦ, ˵лл磡Ҿ֪ˣ
СЩ׿Լõ⣬¶Է˵¶ǵĿ, άɫ
ˣҲǻϲŵġ
, ⻶ϲ黶ϲ, Ҳûǡ
žѾʼѵڶ÷ﶪ, ˵˼ǲס, ˵һ䣬һ䡣ҲȽ

ְŻ÷΢΢ͣ٣̧ͷ𾪵ĿǰˣΪԼҪȡý׶ԵʤԭֻǱǰƽ
ֳ
縸ٱ䶯Ѱͽ䡣
ôأ
ʵʵһһĸ¡
׿ĳߣϷӴԼѧҵ
ϺСҲ֪嶼ɶظظûиĸͶˡ
ɫ
׿䡮עⰲȫ֮ĻִӶͳüɣȥ
ĥòŸսߣֵȥѼֽһһ򿪣˵ǹѪ߳ԣֹԼֳԽԽϰš
Ҳ׿뿪ÿ죬Ȼ⻰Ҫѵϰʱ
ЪϢһҹ̡
ǲôԶ˲ˣӣܼżİס
ܲܲ
Щ˳Ծ͸߳ƽˮƽȻҲһЩƽˮƽġԭƽƽĳڼôЩ˺ڱһЩֻЦҲЩ
ԼûϵͳѧϰĹ۲ССЩ¼ӽˣִһ书񶼺ܲӡ
üܴӿϷԾ£ٽżء
ЩƽѲߵĻ˿ͬأ
ϱʱ¼복ӵ϶һѾĸоܹ鲻ߺȵСţˡ
Ҳû˼ټ۲죬ȫĶγ
Ҫ֪Ҳÿ춼˯š
ôЩʱҪǿĥѴۡ
˾ϽķΧ֮ζԽԽǲҪɢˣ
ƿӡ
ͷӿݵˮ·ʹˮ
ֿĸп
Ҫ¸·ϲҳϲң
ԣΪһŮ̧º󣬺ܿ죬ִ
ĥѾܲˣڳĬбڳĬû뵽ܱ֮ǰѣ
û뵽̶һ·ݽʮ
ƨɶ־壬ҿʼҪǻôȥ˽ϵҪ̲ס޺Űؾ
ҧг֧졣
죡
֪Լôģڰ̫ѣҹѣ˷ҹûа취ȥȣ
صƿռ
ڵˮ·ͷͷҲûҲ˵òС

ǾϳܲסƨɶǱʮӣ˫ĥ
ͷû෱ϣڵԺúϢգ˾òȻһ£Ҳǻָ˱ݵ
ÿնļӵš
ûչ֣ӵõĴ󴬾͵ӱߵͷϡӶĹ˰ҲŲʱͰлﶼ͵˴ϡ
ðɣ׼ȷ˵ǳ̫࣬ǵ̫עĿܰʱͰѶȵϴ
ܾΡ
ܹǰ˵ģҲ׼ʼˡ
ЩԼδٴʹޱȵĳһͰֵַĴԼķҶ
Ů̺õůʹϡ
˫ֽڸգ̬ǳꡣ
סڴõķҲ㰲ŴĲˮ֪˯˹ȥ
ٴʱ񣬻ûκεδ֢״˵˫ûֲڵϵĽʵУҲżܵҵ΢΢ҡΡ
ⶼʲô£
ҶڴҡڣŲĸоֱԺԲơ
ڷ߶ʵһȷԼǺ֪δ
䶼˺ü飬Ҳ˴
ļҲʲô㲻ĺ˼ҷˣ󷽷ʹŮٳţ޵ߴŴòмĵš
ٰ仰˵ƮƮƳϵˡ
Ůл·Է
Ц
ϳ˲ɷԼгϢı⣬Ǽˣ
ֻ߰ĴҰèѲԼأҴߵĵط˱飬۾΢΢𣬲֪˻ΪҴ󴬡
ʵϣͣ
⻹ǵһôĴṹȻɡµľҲ㹻ʵ׳趼ܶסһϵĵ̶ϱӵĸֽҪµö࣡
Ǽɻ㣡ĪҪ͵ȻҿҪͬɾú˵˵Լ裬Ըɻļ̴ֱֱ㡣
źͷǼƽˮƽ˶ڴԼüͷ˵ڿʲôȥԼ£
˵꣬Ҳˣ۵ͬʱתһ˦ʹŮĵطȥ
Ծݳݳ˾衣
ԣһ¡ǡۡ⣬ֻܸĴŮεط
Ŵ˼Ȧֳʵıݺü
ʹʦе֪硯δϢŶԡ硯ĹػͣԼǸһȵʦѯ˷顣
ǳĵĴһտˮˡ硯š
Ϊá
ôܲȥһֳأ
ǳ治ǵǰϺдС顣
磡Ҵ磡
һһ£ǳнţյĿ˵ðδεһơ˺ˮأ꾩λҽ˵ˮΰٲЩָܺá
˵룬Ŀԡ
ٹػػüͷ΢壬Ծ
ڽյͷ
תͷһƣöĳ˫ȥͼŶԷµǲںԼ԰׵ɫ
ɲǲӺɷ
ϸȥüһΧɸŲأ
գգ۾һ˵ѽɾҲƱˣûɣЩˮϣҲ⡣ˮǺöɾҲúȶ㡣


59 
˵, 㿴ԵŮ٣ЦӯӯĿڷԸ죬Ȼү, ȥռˮ, ȥɾ
ءϳȼųСʺǹڳʶĿı, õʺί˶Է֡
ʵ̫׶Էڰôݡ
Ǿú棿ֻǣͶԴƸȤ
ɲ֪еɻ, ˿̵ẕ̇˵ļƤͷ
ɷھܾˡ⡯, Ҳɥ
ֻǵһЦ
˵ɾĪҪ伲ҽⲡҲҪεġ·ڵý֢֮ʵöЩˮ, ټЩ轣öಹѪ
⻰һ, ¾㾲΢
Χ۵˲Ŀɿڴ, ޲ϰȾܣû⻰ã
ͬˮ, û˿
ʱʶףССЦƺʱ̫ڳ, ֣ܻͷصĳ

˵λʵŮԡ
׶Էǰλ̳С, Ů, Եúأ
ʶΣյδ, ֪Լܻ, һţ;군
㽭֮е·û£صҲ϶¡
뿪˵Щʲôľ棬ȴ֨ѽһ
ſˡ
ھЩʲô׿԰׵üͷ΢΢ûɡ
ʵδε
Ŷ̶̲һգŻ˺üأǾͷҪθŻС
ټΪո·Щȣܵþ͸
̽ãֲԷкʵڴ
ڶԷͷ˵Щʲôεöֹû
ˣ׿㿪żô˾һ𣬻ЩȣΪһﶼ̽ô˵ġ
㿪ڿͿ˵ͷλһˣСѾеĴ򿴹ˡЩҩá

⻰˭ûȿڣҲ׿ڡ
ӱȽϴһᣬֱӴŮˮݵֳǰάǻЦݣ˵磬ͬɾһˮЩ̣СĵĽӡ꾩ĳλҽ˵ˮ
⽫һ仰ü
Ȼ׿ͷӻˮΰٲУˣҽ˵ĻȻĵġ
ĬĬ̾˿
ôСͰ߶仰ÿ˵òҪἸˮȥ߶ʵû취ôԷƾҽ
Ϊõļݸȹֻ̣ȶԷһ˵仰õʱ
ãЩЦֿ˲ֹôһֻ֣Ҫ硯ϹôҽľͲ¡
ɷžӵӡ
壬һ㲻ǺѵҪҹȿȲɣ
˼ˣͶû飬Ͱһϳ˵ɾӲǵöЪϢҲĪ˺ˮЩˣȻط䣬Щ÷ĪҪǲ˻
ϳܾСʺݵնղˣɨɫ׵øҰ䣬˼ԷǰնСʺѾĵļʱŲʵɫЩͬ顣
ô˿Щա
ǣ㿪Ӧֻһ顣
ãɾֻҪˣ׼ȥ١
Цı֤Ϻתͷ׿㣬ȥúϢˮǵúȣҩҲҪʱԣ̴һԶţأЩдĪҪԼٶҪȺ 飡
˵꣬ҲͣԭأĲŮѸˡֳ
ߣűЦأ
˵ֻʶһ꣬ڵԾ˽ġżȵӦ𣬾˵ԷǼ仰׷
ЩʲôϳκεᡣǰĪŭԷˡ
ȻһҲ˳Ÿܵʲô鶼û
úĻҪġ
ŴӰǼֻųĴ׶˼ãĳͷԺУ
ֻϧɫ
ȻҪȥҪ׼
ʱҲûֻòͣСԼƤӣͬڹ˵
̺˳
ٷ΢Щ̫óԣҲĺ顣
ա
÷ǰȥ˴ϵСȶԳһָָ޷˸̴Ӹ˴󣬱ȸ
ǵģ
ʲôأ
ȥдǱ˸ƽȻ˳һС轼Ӻ档
ʵҲӣ
Ѳ϶ŽȥټϴУֱƣȥͣͲˡ
Ρ
÷Ų÷ţˣӦó嵭Щ
ζУ
ΪֳĵãɷĵӣȻ˭û£ŸʳУһһů
ͻ
Ҫۿ˺¡
ȻǱ߱ȽѣôȰȰֻˣֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ɷ򡯳Ժݰ㡣
졣
ӼͷٵѼŬ׼Ǽͬ轺棬úܡ
ɾհɣⶼģĨϦһǰȰŲɷ
Ҳ֪жѡ
ǺȲ꣬Ҫʳ׼һСΣ׼ʱӽȥ
Ҳûɶڴ
Ȱ˼ɼû𵰻Լȥ
¹ζΡ
ԼģԶúȵģ㲻úȣҲ˵úȣ
˭֪ϳȻ֣һ˼ס
ͬʱĳӰѸٻι
ٶ֮죬֪Էֵ壬ʵϲΪһǷжա
͵ϳף׼һʱ
Ȼ
Ҷ
ϵĲ˵תλãҲ١
ϳŵȵζδ©ˮ£˵ˡ
ҡø
ǱʲôȻײƵģͬʱ
ϡǻֱ尡ǡѸٽͷĴýŴĳʦƼźµĴ󺺴һҴϱ˹
Űڵ׺ģԼŴ󵶵ľٶһ͸¶ǵݡ
ԣˮˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
˼ǣˮĺܲ̫ˡ
ٿ
ȫĴȴ顯һˡ


60 
ϳСʺ쳤ŲǴķ, ˵š
⻰ԹԽԴת˻֪ͷǳ˴, Ҳ֪ߵ˿϶, ҪԸϹġ
Ǻ棡
ĺ޾, ĺѡ
ٶ˵ͦѵġ
ԥú, ̽ſ˵ͷҾÿˮ, ҪҪȥƣ
ƣϳޱ飬˵⻰ʱȴЦһ̧ǰСʺ󣬴, ץűץ
򵥵ʾ䣬ζ˵ʮʮġ

֪Ȳʱݵػͷĸ־ѧ, ô˵ҲһЩȽŹģ
ϲ㣬¾ࡣ
˵ô, ôѧʿڳòܼݻݶǰӵץɣǷǳϧģ
ǰٷְٵİȫ, ˭ȥ֣
˵ߴԴרò͵ģֹá
, Ȼܴ֣Ҳûټȥ
Ͼ˭ȭͷ˭лȨ
ǸŵеĿСʺ, Σյܻǣ, ҪԹ˳ŶԷָʾȥ
Ȼ, ڶԷ, ﻹǷǳʹģ
Ƥ̫Ĳɷһٷʱ䣬ԱʾҲǸƢˣ
Ŵͷĳ֣ͷҲ̧һһӳ˷
ﻹʱʱƮԼˮ˸ôԼְϻľˬĻ档
û񫣬Ųٷʱ䣬һгֵĶʧ·ϴûоҡ
ֻӱƬƬ˷
Чʡ
˵ˮֵҲ˵٣ϾոճϴĶʵֵúܣҴϲ̫̫ǿߡ
书ģҲһ֮ܲң֮һ
ɫҲȫ
Ըʱ򣬻صؾ¹ϵͼѰҷսĺۼ
Ȼ֮
Ǳù⻬Ĵľ壬ǵǼһǷɢܸɻĹˣɻԭӡ
ֻҲǰеС֤Ⱥˮĺۼ
ʱŷӦԭŵײΪȻǾٳɶۣ
ϸ룬ˮ˽ٴɲǺʱֻûƳǵɱǿҹɫٿСۣʵ
ɢԶԶ˺üˮǼªССҲʧ£ܹ鱻ץˮҲֲȥò˼ôࡣ
ʼ裬񶾸ݰ˾ͺܲ
΢΢ͷЩɸµĴĲܿͻص˷
˯ݾҹעǸƽҹն
ˮһȺһȺ
۵󴬣֪ձ˶ԭֻҲ۵Ĵ̴ڱ϶ɵĴӡ
ʼɵǲǵִ⿪Ŵ̴ƣðˮ·ϵˮһ򾡡
屡죡Ⱥ«޾ү֧ŴԴͷ֣ĵĸпš
Ȼǲɷȥ֣Ҳܲס־հ
Ⱥϴǰ¼ͬߣһȭһƵһƬˮˣһȣˮһˣṦˮƯ׷ǼܵС
۽磡
Ҳ֪ˮǶôģ˺üӻӣΧ̸С
ԼηԲأ
ˣۣЪŮͻȻ˵ţͬʱֽϡ
䣬Ͼʹžһֽšಡż
Ҳ֪Щʲôܹ鲻Ǻõġ

ͷϵֱӶ񣬽ӲĳŹĵŮٵ˵ͷ
Χзհ
«޾үһһҲܲס˼Һ«б£ܴһƬڻأ
ڴ˯֪бŵĽ䣬Ųϳ»˸±ӣͬʱƮƮƳһĳȽյС
ĳڴرµľɱӣȻǻȥɾ
ֻ˲յʱ䣬ͳɹ˴ССʮկӵˮˡ
ҹһ󶫷
էʱ̴ͣĳеͷϣʱ̴Ľһٴ̡
ʱõ֮С
ֱܾӾͷ˱֢ŮٴҹڵЩ߰ĻСУֱҹŮȰȰſ˯¡
˵ûиܵĳֱ֣Դһж˽֮⡣
ˣ߳䷢ͷ׺кЩӵĴСȫ˿˵ǷǳãȻġ
Լǲһ˯ʧ䣬˯ˡ
ںܿŮپ͸𰸣ֻˮȫү·ĸ͹ȥˡ
ǵģˮšүһĳ·ĸǡүԭĿĵؾǡ

벻ĽʵϵãЦȡȫûаֳıֻûбֵˣ
Ů˵磬⣬վͿԽ뽭Ͼڣʱ̴ЩһЩĳʱʱͣһա
Ŀ֣ٴϸʱʱŵֳ϶ۿۡ
浱ȻҪ˲УҲҲ׼پŲߣɾ̫Ϊˣ
õͬŮٱһݼŴȤôһ䡮еǰȤܽᡣ
ųķȥҵ
ǵģδε·ߵֳڣҲҪλҪΣҪúóһЩ
ΪҪ
ɾΪ׼ļζЩκ轣ҲòӣЦӯӯĽôɰֱӶ˵˵ǰ
ڹҲǸģ
ڹеСˣ׶˲ͬ˰׳Ĵɰ
ź׵ɰĸƿרڼζ˱Ƕס
ͬʱڣɾѽ⽭Ҳ쵽ˣкܶϡ⣬䣬к챦Եʲôĺأ
ð̵ϺҨ˵ɾҲ֪ǰϦŸ֮ҪϣߵôæûüЩǮҪϣС
ȻܿտҲ
ҲѹûǮʱǱЩһͲϤĴʦ͵ȥˡ
ԸʣƱš
סֻǮΪʺҲдŮ̫źţԴжҪȥǣû¶Ǯ
Ҳû뵽Եһ
˵ɬȷʵ㹻ɬġ˽֣ĿտҲˡ
һʼøҪǮЩ˼ʱ׼ž迪ڡ
⻰Խ˵ӾԽҲԽİá
Ҵҹ뿪ɷǮôˣǼݣϣɶǶԷӣ
ͷӿǷְҵأܰ׸ɻǮ
ٻ˼˼
ϳǵҪǮôܽҪǮأֱɣûĻ
ǽͣ
ʹͣǹʣҲƾҪģ


61 
뵽, ЦݸˣеļѾ֪ҨһС룬Ҳŵݸ, һһ, СҨţ˵ɾ, µǮ, ǲǸǰЩ
Ͳ
ҪԼӦõõǮ͸ˣ
ԣϳ̧ͷֱ׳ҪǮСʺ
ǳЩϳҿͬҪǮ, տźʲô飬ȻΪĳЩ֧ǰཻս
Сʺ㹻
ֱӿҪģʱ㲻Ƿݼơ
вֶ, ԼĪҲֻǰ˸ͬˣ
ϳ룬ֽŵĺɰ, ֱӾͷ˶ԷǰǱϡ
˸ɴˬǮЦӷ, תȥɰ
֡ᣡ
ǵȷˣһºɰͷĶ, ֪ǽǵŵùĹĵƱ
ϵЦ˲Ͳ鲻١
ֱӽɰһ, Žݵ˵ǰͬʱСĿڣɾ, ⼦Щ, Щ, ҲҪЩȡ
˵, ŽŵԷǰϸЦݡ
ϳиϲ˽ëһһιԷôػ΢Ϸ롣
Ǯϴ󣡸οԭµϴ
ʱιˮ𣿲ʲô⣡
ôţֻ紵ǰӰ͵һ˲Ҳ۱۵Ĺָֻ
Ҳʼ볢һļ
ܸоĻЩʶ
ƺ⼸ֻҪݹȥһ룬ͻ׼ʱַ磡
߸ԼҨûǵСԴ˼ܿưˣ
ڵĶȻҪЩģڹеķ˶ͱã϶˲鶾ڹ⣬ټªЩҲôһ
ҲûôٶԸ
ʺ÷ǰоͨҩŮǰԲˡοǵأ
ο鶾鶾鶾ɽУ
һʲô⣬Ҳ֤ܽףĪΣݺǶȻԸմϵġ
ִӿҨľٶҴԺԼ׼ʳĶҪʾף
ǮҲֵˡ
ˣҪġ
޶ëúú򣬸οǰӵµĵأҪúʵɳչĹ
ͷҲֻּÿļܡ
ȻҪעƺ⣬ҲҪάԼȹޱȵļ衣ֺټӵֺƲͨյĿ̱ԣ˵ȥֵҲ˼
ִִȦ֮ǵĸо
ڵǸʲô롣
Ҳ϶ģƶԷǲ֪ٴ̧Ŀ⣬ܾñҪϼأ
ϧûС˵￴۾ܿļܡ
Ҳϳ֪ЩʲôȻǿϡ»ӡ
һٷɫı･Ļ
ȥǰ˰ѲݰŮҲҪȷĿġ
ֱֱǰĲӷ
󷽷˵ˣɾҲ֪⽭ΣҲȾͷٶ١ɰŴʵҲ֪ϼաɰˣҪͬһЩģ
ΣֱӶʾˡ
Ǯ飬һغͲҪػأ
ûԷڻشĻᡣ
£תߣ
˽֮иһﶼЩأп϶ҪϺЩģϾֳ֪ˣĳ֪Ҳôһŵ顣
йɰʮʮӦټСŮҲǡ
άָҪľ
ССɻЩ˶ൣţȻæµĻҪ
Ϊ쵼϶ҪЩϵСгϢ˭˵׼󹬾֪
ŵϡ
ǵﻹٽһηأ
ʱЩСѰһ£Ҫ̫ףȥС
Ǯֺõӡоͺˬ
̵Ļص˷ҲԸŵŮ٣ֱͳɰʼƱ
˵治һ֮
ɰСᣬͷƱÿŶĳһָжһˣ
ҹ˯ú磬ȫƱк󹬼裬ǮɫӦоС
ֵòе˵С
ȻƳĳλеϤӰ
̧ͷȥ
ֻվڸ߸ߵƶ֮ϣޱĶŸССĺɰͣͳһһѵǮ
ģɢͯӻɢơ
ա
˹ۣζҹΪ۵ξ
ûʼп󣬴͵һ˲ײЩʲô
ţܿ;ͣȺ 
ͬʱֵҲ
Ҳ˲βεһͦϴĶ˲ֹ֡
μŮ˵ǽ趫һվǽϵĻ
ŮٿЩΪױٴαܵȲ˳ȥ
۵ľɫеĽ
Ϊƶ໹ˮƽ⣬ͷҵúܣ·İϴŵҲȵϿҪࡣ
ʱЩԴѾ׼׻ǻԼļ裬üͷʼ
ܿ죬Ŵ´
Ҳ˼뻤˼Ĵ壬Ůٵ֣ȥ
ڵϵһ˲
Щ̫ϰ˫̤ʵصĸо˺üŽϰߡ
Ŵϵ˶æҲûƵɷӰûվЩĵط
Ů뻤΢΢ͷֺȥ
ӵͷȻЩܹ黹ͨǵˮ·ϣҲ㲻̫٣Ҳʲôطȥ
ֵʱͼ˲ٵľﶼûеĺöвٺ⴫С⣬ܹƼʱϴҲûྫ£Ǽ۸ȴʵڸߵס
Ҳ֪Щԭ۾͸ߣ׿͡
һȦҲûʲôֻǽĳ̯ȫѡ⾫ޱȵĵɱЩƯСҪֵǮĶࡣ
ˣֵ࣬ͷкܶظġľİ׷̲סȰ˵š
֪λ˸󣬵ǮҲ㻨ġ
˰֣Ʋ˵ƮƮĿ˵ݶ࣬ظҲްˣ˵ôʲôã㶼ϸþС
˵꣬¸ȡ߿ˡ
ӲС꣬ͣĸȥһ֣ҲһЩ֧̯ӵСԣзӡ
̫ЩԵòǺܹߡ
ųţﶼζ˳ʳ
һϵʱ䣬㹻ĶҲǺܶ࣬žûеġȥɷİƱûꡣ
ۿͷԽԽ󣬹ֵҲ˼֣ŽϼҼһķζͲòеֱӻ˴ϡ
Ϊʲô͵Ҽҷò͡
һʾԼյǷȡѾˣǻشʵʵԵ̿ڷ˲С
ŹҲû´ŴͷһһԼôȣ˯
ϹˣһʱɫѾʼ΢
ֿʼˮζ򴰻Ļ˯ߵ
֧һƣˮɽϸʡ
羰ʵһ·϶ǲķ羰ʶԲǺǿ
ΪᴬͣͷЪϢһҹϸ룬ǰѴˮȫЩ
Ҳû˭ϢǱ
Դͷ꾰˵оͺܲһʫä뵱±ī
дʫǲܵģҲûǼܵģԼĻˮƽзǳ֪дʫʻĻʱ꺢ͯȲϾ˼Ҿͯܿš
ۿԽԽѾô򴰻ʹգֺ˴
׼׼ʹѰǲɷԷȥˡ
ɷ֮ɲʲôİ飬˶ԷĴֻ˶ԷǮ
Ǯˮﻹиأ
ô˵øٺúֺ壬һ´Ҳܼ޶ë
ⳡһҹڶ峿΢תСš
˯ġ
㴬ٴͣͷڱҲ˿û˼ǾŷԼξеĽϡ
ֱָͣϳţ΢ָ˾ٴιԼǮɵݰƤŮٸ·ļ´ȥ䡣
ڹǱﻵˡ
ˬֵҲ֪м죬ȻҪÿĹÿ֣ҪǣҲǮ
ˣʪִŻ࣬ĺǿ֡
ֱҲûжС̯ӣǽЩΣֿ·ʲôġԵģֱӾֻҪ۸Ҳ׿ͣ۶
ֵת˲ţһһһϸꡣ
û񫣬ϵĸǳ͵ˡ
칫˺üյڴִﳤǰһͣˣջͷ·滹ɸˬˬǿžúܡ
îʱһ̵ִĳꡣ
ĻҲ˸֣ΧŴͷ
ϵķͷѾ쾡µֳ
Ǹߴ̴ǾƯ¥˽ֻʻе׺ŻӵнЦĻӦоС
֮£վŵĴȵ͵֮ͨǰſûԵǰ㾫ϸ
ͷǳ֡
ֲڸִֻҲܰ䲻뵫ȴɾʺӵС̯ӣԼ½еȺ
Щֱڴϡ
Ҫǣͷû˿ζŻԸ⵽˵ԭ֮һ
֣źɰѾͲסįгֱӲϣȥ֡
ϧûС
ֻʵʵȴԼڵĴֻŶͷѰõطǮͣ
һϵв
ֱͣƫ뷽ͷԶĵط̷ߺȵĶῴˡ
ȻͣЩʽС̯ϣ´ȴҲûϾȥŵĵطȸŲɷԼһĻԼȥ綨õĿջ
ջڶӶھԱߡ
ͦƫƧ˵ȷʵڳסŵ˲٣Ҳֻͨգӻȥա
ջСˣ˼סµĿ⣬ȫ̴סˡϳסջھֽһǽֺ֮СԺ
Ժ辫£лвˮظɽ
͸˵ˣϸúܣϡһšôͷ
µĴǽˮζԺ䣬һǽֲˮǼСٵ˱衣
öǲǡ
ûԸȥ֣ס羰㾫µԺӣܸоĿ·˼֡
һǴشصĵ壬ͱŮٻȥͬĲɷһš
ٷζξȲᡣ
ǾµܲҪģĵ̾ѡĶȻҲУɲģ
һһҧᱬС㡣
ЩôƯµСҲܽܵġ
ٷԵú֣ܿһȰȰȸͣС춼ޱȡ
ϳĿעԼСʺüΡ
ӶԷ˫üԲˣԭСʺϲ˻ʵĶûԼڣ۾벻
극ȥԼķ䣬ȴԵĲɷס
ȻӶԷϽӹһš
ձǰӣոȥݷһʯ̫ˡϳ˵š
˺һʯ̫ǳ֪ҲǴܿ۰Ĺøư˹յݣҲʱλŮ·Ư̵ɷ
⻰ȥ߸ݣ
òûɵĿ⿴ţе㵣Ĺʯ̫ǹء
ϳСʺĻɣֻǵ͵ǱүȥѰš
ܿһ𣿡
ѹû⣬ԥſѯʡ
棬ı˼̫صƭֱӸϳʱǶˣ
ŵӦŴŷ⡣
ͷװźüּֽͬԳĿѯ̫ؽɺã˵Ще顣лԼүүּ
ҪǣһʵġС߶š
üһҲûдݣֱӾСԵʵڲúܣ
롮߷Ƶȷʵơ
ȿȣһɵôܽأ
΢˽ã
һЩ籸õİӷֵչȥ̫ظ
ǰ̫ظǰںš
һȥͼ̫ط˴ŶŮӭ˹ϵЦúܡ
ǰͷŵɣñĸơŵ̫طԭЩɣϾɴûԼɷôˣҹϵҲƵ棬Ҳδ߶
¼ǰ⺢ӵģﵹ˼֣Ҳ׽˲١
ͬСÿ̫ˣ
˼ˣЦſ˵ģÿ濡ϲأ
ĸˣĸÿ˵һΪǽ㡣ھͲԾ̫طˡ
治
̫ط̫ƯˣǲʩҲþͺܸ·ŮƵġ⼸϶ЩƣҲ˿ϵ
ӡģû
⻰̫طЦ֣Ц˵С죬һˣ㻹˹ͬĸܽܣ
ϲǰСѾͷ
˵ԵҲãԵʲôеúܡ
ɲ֪ԼƾԼòСͺ̫ط˷˽䱸ʱڼԼ裬ʼɷ
ָ̫طһ±ͼεġ㡯
ߵú˳
˳̫ط֣Ųɷڸס죬ҪǮסʲôջ
λŮҵġ㡯᲻ؿջ
ʵڲֺ̫á
λ̫طòУŮŮĹŮƯͲԼ˼밡
Ц
ϳԣ̫ͬؼҵλ̸ۻۿԼСʺҶЦӯӯˣﻹŸСġ
ܾһ㡯Ϥúܡ
ǣɲϤڹ㡣
ϳɣֻҪ¶Ư㡣
ڣɾҪתŲӿ͵Ĵ
Ҳ֪߻ϳߣ̫ط˿˵ŵǡɷǰձĴѲ졯
ʯǸбµĺù٣ڸλҲΪϰ¡Ѳ˼Ĵȥ취ƶˡ
˵ЩʲôȻĳϤޱȵ
㣡㣡

ӿŲͼǵ겻ɢ
ϧ뷨վҪա
ֻǰ͵شܳİ꣬˫ſһ˫ˮ۾˵㣬ôˣ˵𣿶ңڲӦڡȿȣһĵط𣿡
άǰЦ֡
ԸǸŸСʹҪһ˽ϵıܣ˭
Ѿˮˡ
Ǳ飡
һΣָѵѵ죡


62 
㡭ǣãȻģͬʱϸǰ, ãſڼ˵ϴ˰ɣƺûСء
ƺû
ƺõļãҲ, ϾƺǸĴʡ
һ, ΢㣬ֱЦ
ŶЦ, ҵױӴ㼿ɱˣҲûװ͵͵, ģɻҶ  ó

ֻԼҴװĶˮ
ϳ, Ҳ컯֮ϰҪ֪еġ㡯ǵʺζҲǧĽϡ
ûˡ
ۿŴСģֶ̿ԷҪ˵ʲô֤ĻֳЩڻʺôݶԲ顣
΢΢ü, æһɨ, ײζߡ

ŶСϴ˵ҪС˽ϡ
ʯ, 
ѣҲһƶѸ, 㵽ӵɷüͷ΢, ˵ɾ㳣ķ, ɼλСӣ
, ˭ѽ
Ϳ첽׷, ɻΪſ˫Բ, ǺĴԼұλɫ԰Ϊɾ
Ҳǳţ»
֪Ϊʺıڴ˴Ϊ죬Ҳһ̽
Сͣ
ϴˣ
Զ룬еġҲݣм
Զԣÿɲڴ˴
СĪҪˡ

һȺΧ˵˵˵˺ЩСǿ־硣
⽫ϳɻʺ˵󲻴󣬵˵СȴԲС
˵·ϣ
˲Ҳ̫ܽã벻ͨ࿪ϸгȰҲ档
ֻС˵㣬ҲĴ΢Ҳ鲻򵥡
æʾԼϴˡ
˵˵Բͼᶨޱȡ
СڳЩʲôüͷյģŲɷߴϲٵΣס˴ǿԳƵȵߡ
ͬʱ¶ġ
ЩӶҪܿΪִĴܡ
̫ظгԹ˺һϵرȥľɣڸ·ƣʾҪؿջϢ
̫ط˵
ֻźģЩŷյСƳ͡
ȷ̫طԼڳ˶ԴܵġᷳĬĬջߡ
û
뺦Լɵױܡ
Ǳݺݽѵһ١
ÿ׼ʱҪٶȿȺڰ޳еĹ
ʮҲСˡ
Ҳʱóˡ
뿪̫ظǰλ֣ߵһԣյģ
˵㣬ʱȥұ뾩뾩ԶС¶Щ
˵⣬ģŴյƯԣڡ
ŵ䲻ϵãҲţ֪λܡڸλ̫ɻ䣬ڸһǱãɾˡ
ֹ˵һѡ
Ͳûȷλúúù̴̹ܽܽܡ
Ȼʱ˵ûʲôί񿪿ڸʵģֹ׼ίȰ棬ֱͱѡ
ۿƯɫᷢأҲûټ˵ȥ
һתֻҪЩؿջСϸСצצתȥ
ûͼɷζߴԼġ֡
һʱҲĥ͸Ǹʲô˼Լ߰裬콿ЦߴĿ˵ɾͷ˶࣬ҪлҪͬȽ
ֻûüڡ
ǰϳͱ߿Աķ
״ЦøˣôɷͬһŰ˱Ƶַ̫Ͳá
Ůٲ£߻ԼǸӾµС
Ҳ֪Ӳɻˣ֮ļ춼ꡣ
ҹʱʱ
꽭ϣ¸ͣԼͷĵһδɹĵأʵʵᵽ֡
ⶼ赲ǿģ׼ȷ˵йġ
ٴҲûϵ
еǿŵģŰѴɡܿһ̲һ̲ˮЩȴҲû߲ɵĵز
ټϵֱӸ˴Ǯ̫طҲ飬궼ҪдԶݣǸһɡ߹䡣
ǮƯǴ·ÿǾ˼ˡ
Ҳҹʧ١
ֵԼʵޱȵĽϼڡ
ֵһǣھǡֹȰ󣬴ֱӱȥΪϸԺٸȥˡ
¹ˮСԴӶʲô⣬ǳ׶Ͼǽܶ˼Ļᣡ
ȻҲͲڱ¶߰Ĳӣ
õļת˲š
ֻò˳Ĺ򣬾Ȼ͹ȥ죡
ûüֱͣߵС̯λûʱȥЩװεƯƯС
ͱ֪ûؾˡ
ģͷԽԽ꣬úܡ
ݱ̫طˣУ˻س̵
ˮ¸ͣӶ˲٣ˮ·ѲȫȻû취ߡ˵·ǳǴòʲôطʱȣֻѡԲôġ
һ޾
뾩̫ÿɲʲô£ǵȥס
εδ𣬰
ѵûγΪһ˯ˡ
ͷ׵ٴ󶼲д£ûб˯ʱ
һҲû˯á
·ʵڲߣǹٵҲˮ±øӿӿݡꤹ
ӣ˹ĬĬźϺŵĳᡣ
궼̫綼ˮϴͬʱҲʹ֢״һߡ
ѵƶֵѲš
ҲͷĴ꣬ƿˮСӣ۲һΧ컹ʪľɫ̴ϵ¡
ԵĶᡣ
£Ǵ󵶻򱦽ͺζ
·һ룬־ͻʼеĶԾ
ˣˮ̫ҪױŮٱ˵˫۵ϸ˿Ⱥ 
⻰ʶԸѾʼССĴӣʼĴš
ϣҲˮ

ĬĬӣӹ˰
һʱҲ𲻳ʲô˯⣬ĥҪЩʲôĹĵŮپѾΪ׼ѡ
˵γۡ
׼˹ϾʱĻӣ
ҲǸѡ񣬵ͷںѰ˸ƣŴš
Ůһڡ
ֱ۾ֱŮһһϾܷ졣
ĶǴ˵еĿڼ
ֱӰѻ򵥵ĸָˣ
˾񣬾Ӷֱ۾գҲգĿŮ٣ߴ·ĳ
̫̫ǿˡ
Ůٻ󣬽ΩΩФǿǾĳЩ渴϶ɵģð˾ųɡ
ֱ̾
һ̾ͷʹٵ·˫۽ն𣬾Լʲôطˡ

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ŷżϼʱ䲻֪͹ȥա
·ûͣЪ
ķʳҲЩ
ɫʱҲţ˼֡
һ·ûʲôӣ˳֮ǰϵԤƵĿջЪϢ
Ҳ˸·
΢΢̣ڰϮǰһ̣ͣ³Ҳ֪˭߻г̣ҲÿζǡǡõСֻƫƧĿջ
ڼҲϹڵ١
ȻǿҲ̫۵ĺڵȻıСӸ˳ѹȥ˹١
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ÿӿͷ
ȥżƮżݵˮ涼߼ʣΪǸʵȫǱˮûĻĵأٲũ֮µҲĬĬ̾˿
ٲͣ
¿ɲֻǽǵˡ
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⼸ܵʵ˯ò̤ʵج
Ҳ
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ҹӹ̣ҲܳҹȺ顣
׳궼ȥЩߣҲֻɹٸ֧ЩǮӶ
һҲǶһ
ʱ򣬿û˭٣û˻ȥܣϾⶼ¹
󳵶ȥ˴ˡ
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žϡ
Ҳ֪Щȥӹ̵̰ӵʲôʱص֮΢ʱҲճʼ·
ŵʱǴ衣
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˵ůůθ
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ΰѵüͷ㱻ҡѡ
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ͷ궼ڲסĴ
һ飬Ҳ˹
ѸٷԼĴϣ˫ֽţϵҲδֱͦҲƿ⿴һֻܿԼĶȥͷĶ
Ҳ֪Щ˶˭ǲ
˴뵶Ե⣬Ҳ
ҹ˶ȥӹ̵̰ӣĵϣͷԴ
ģҲϲ£ǵúܡ
ûоʱôĻĬţֶߵ٣ͷĶûƽϢ
ֱһವĲ
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ϴİ
ŮæڵֵǹƼǿΪ˻סºתǻӽæòС
˫ãûüܵĵˣͱԭתȦֱ߰˸ΧסܽŲڲô̤ʵϡ
Ҳûʱȥע
ŮٴʲôطߣͿ첽ߡ
Ĵţ߽ģ˫Ҳᶨǰ߶š
ŵһһ£ֲǵѡ
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һ󺺾;ٵࡣ
ŵ䣬̧Ⱦͳĵȥ˵þ˳̵
Ȼ󡭡
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ѧһЩǺбҪģܻõϵһ죬ⲻոջԼС
ȻҲûԼèĹжš
ӵľصԼλϲС
һһ磬źڲ·ıٶ˶Ҫǰնɱ
ڰİҲ׷׳֡
׻ǵסЩбˡ
ţţһ˱㱻׷ϵˮٵĽߡ
˵Ĵ󲿷ֻڵϣӢ£వҲ굶ǹ֮¶Щˡ
ŮٱǴͷܣҵս£֪ӽˡ
ͷѾ׷±ϡ
޿ɱܣֻӭϹ
Ȼʲôᣬڵħѵ£ܻǺǿģŸסҪСıֹܿ
żе˳˹
䲻ţڷɿջء
书Ψ첻ƣллȭдϢ֮
֪䣬ͱ˱ƵøֻмԶ
ŵϱһӣ羱һͷŷ·ûѪ
ҲƳ书ʵͣĻԡ
ֱӹ̣ҲʱնɱǼƽĵˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ɽô˵£ҡ֮⣬ټƿն
ȷͽֽסǼҲ±ȥ
ǡʯɢ
ʯ䣬һק˵δ˵֡
뽫
ɴǷĶ̫µʯҲɢˡ
ûӦ
˾Ѿڿգʧظ
Ȼһȫ׹ˮУ䣬֫أڱǶͣĹˮ
ǻӾģϱӻⱲӣרȥѧ
ˮʵ̫ԶԶںӰϿҪ࣬ټǴθ⡣
ǸڣȻ
òˮðԴû͸һͷֱһˮ
ʶҲɢ


63 
ٴ, Ǳ͵ܵĶӸѵġ
ȻҲٲڹŵ⡣
ֿ˵ʹĸоԼĪİֻλ˼䡣
Żˮ, ˫ۡ
ϵľǸ߹λεô۵̫
ûѺòϹ
Ѿţ֮, ̧һֻ֣ԸҪա
뻺, 䵽׷Щʲô顣
ȴǵθŪޱȣ׷ɱ׹ˮһ˻ĵò뿪˼ļ˲
ҲʶԼ͵Ķﵽװʲô
ɲˮ
ûǴ, ϱѧУʱʷʦ˵ˮĿ, ֱ۵ľͲᣬˮдŴĲˮֹ󳣰߲

òײżôæͦ, žԼϰ˼·ýһ
ŵɷûѪɫ, жͷѪĴİԼ첲Ѫܵ˿ڡ
Ҳ˲Լˡ
̽̽ľ, ȷԷֻϢ˵Ѹٽ⿪ϰŵ·, ʼϱӾѵʱѧˮ˹ɿ
Ҷϱ׶׼öȫУչʾ
ȷԼ˳źˮƮ֪ĻĽҰ, ΧҲܳ˺󣬲Ž⿪ؿڱŵ·
ټ̧ű˹, ְ˷, ѹŶԷθȺ 
æ, ǰѵеˮڳ, Ҳƽ˼֡
˰ѵɷȴŵСŸղŽӴı䱡̾˿
ⳡʶ
ʵҲõ׷ɱ׷ɱȥģֿֿµġ
ŵԣ˰ǹ⻬СҲʼԾȣƴźͼŻЩɾˮ
Ŭ¡
ʹˣˮҲ¸ɾ
ЩʼϵĶ
Ȼǲˡ
Ҳ֪ǱˮߣǱ⿪Ͼ˰һ·϶ǳԵ֮֡
Ҳص㡣
ǰʱ䱻֢ҪѺЩСɵˮ
ŵĺЩԼϺĲҩڡ
ҩ
ѹϺҩ¿ɲҪˣ
ûûҲǸ취ɽĻĽɲᰲȫʲôطȥ˵ͷͻǳߣ}ûš
ϣ··סϵĸ첲ֵĨԼϡ
ٰѶϰֻɡĶ׹
ϺüҲֻʣһµ֡ſʼѰΧ˼ҡ
лյѵ
¾˴ѣҲоϴλҪ֡
ͣͣܵͬʱҲѰЩ߹ĵطתתգҲߵ·ϡ
ȻΧûаˣҲ̤ʵ١
ߣĥŵϮ飬ﵹǴżԷһĻ
㣡ôˣҪæ𣿡
ԣȻߴһϸǰҲһ
̧ͷȥ

˼
üһѹأôͷϱӽûټһ׾ŵľ˰
ĵۡ
ǼܲסδֿҰ
㣿
ԾЩܲסǰ׳ʿһĽ㡣
ռϷ磬Է峺ϴŷ첹ĴֱֲŴĲ
ſ˵Ҫģ鷳Сֵˡ
㲻ÿ׳ɬЦЦ־Ͱŵĵ
֣һֻһ첲ࡣ
ϵĵطЩ룬Ҳûֹ
л㱵ȥŵл㱵ĸ׳ǰȥֻл㱵ıһ˴Ůӭ
ѯʡ
ߵ߰˵˵׼õĻ
ʲôǴȥͶݣû뵽·ˮС˷ɢֻʣԸ롭㡣
ǵġ
õжݡ
˵߽Ϊȫ㣬Ⱥ׷ɱǵĵ˶ŵĿɲǵ
˭뵽Ůأ
ҲԼĴ㣬ԼϵݣҪȥѰݣǾһС١
ֱʾԼŻ£ǳĳλɼӡ
Ҳƾ죬ǰһԴϷ̽ݵĳ¼ŮΪãӡ
ճ£ҽ㣬㣬Ҳʵڲ֪Ǻá棬еǳƶٵıݸ˳
ģ¸ͣҲղŷ磬˭Ҳ֪鰡˵־ԥһżסҼУҼλȥˣʱҲزúˡһӾˡ
һ̧ͷֱǰˣͬʱеݵϡ
ڶ϶⣬ҽö߶ġ
ʹãʹá
㽿ŮģӹžͲúܣ˴ûⶫҲա
˵ôŵӵƣģִֹֿ
˻ӡ
СҲûд򣬸˱ȥѰһԼҲѧҽҲҩݸȰ
˼Ҳ̫ʤڸɾ
ŵڸ˴Ůﰲлλӵ׳ŷûӰ
ʹˣ֪Ǹݵֶ
⼸ҲܼˣûȥлѰҪ˸Ϳʼֽҩ
ûǶԷ첲ϵĵˡ
˿϶ǲܱ¶ǰ̫
ֻáˮײľͷ֡Ľڣһˮȥ
ĳĸˣȥյСҩˡ
Ҳһδ˿ڣֱϴλҪȣϴҩ࣬һСƿҩ
æɫŴꡣ
ιҩʱЩЩСԷԲȥ
ǵϱӿĵӾЩϸιҩû䵽ĵز
˿ڼ򵥣һŮδʮ꣬Ҳٻ˼ȥӦ
ϼ򵥳Щֲڵ¿ڵķˣ˵ҩҲ۵òУڷ봰Щֹ˽Сغ󣬲ų˯¡
ȥա
һֱûѣҲˣʱעֱϵƣʱʱëţԷԴһϵҩ
ҪǣŷˮĿѧ
ٽڵ³´л
ǵٲãȥ
ҹʵ˯ţϸӶȡ˳ɫӰӡ
ԼԼǱߴĶ
æӰӶһһıǰ
ȻˣлЩʲô
սϸ
硭ޡ

ͻȻˣ񣬸ÿιҩ⣬ˮ
ȫؽڰС
Ѿĵȥ⡣
СССһµĴû뵽Էմ˴ֻ˯ȥ
ȷʵһΡ
ա
ǱͷֵŪѵģԵ΢΢üͷ֪ԷǴڸ֪
ͷҲ̡
˳ĻӦÿ
ڳúܣ˻ҪȥƾЩʲô
ڳǰôŮٴݷĨĨ
ڼɫǺбҪġ
СҲ֪˶ԴӺˮһĽá
ƧҰҲ̫Ļм
İ˴ӻ߳ҲֻǺۡ
ǰλ׳ΧȺĶţټһøŮָ׳޿˵ЩʲôߵȺĻԡ
ҲѯЩʲô
Χĸһһƴճǰ
λǰհĺĳ׳ʯ࣬ԭǿ޿øеֶʱûʱһЩԽû˵֮һֱԼҴ󲮡
󲮼бͲԣ
ʯܴСܳԣһٶܸʮͷͨ˼ģλĹ˵ŵ
Ǵ󲮼ұ㽫ʯ˹ȥ˵˺󣬿ɺôҲܻڷԣڶ
һбúõġ
˭֪ʯ̫ܳˣٵǰʯྐྵñͨӻߴ
û취ֻ͹ҡ
λĳҲûܲˣúõİ˻˼ġ
ʯҲû취ֻҧҧš
ԽԽ󣬳ԵҲ͸࣬Ƕû֡ڸɻҲһѾûûҲܼ
˭֪ˮ࣬ﶼֶ꣬µĿ͵ǼҰꡣ
ҲˣʯǴ㽫ֶֹ˼ʯܴ߻·˻Ը

ô˵Ǿȹ
˵ŮϾҲȷʵס
΢ǰ벽λҪۼΣСŮϾͶҲȱʹūͣҪǱЩҲǲ¡˵ˣɲ١
һ
˶Ͷ
Ŷʮ޿ʯӣֱֱλ˵Ǵ˼ҵС㣬۵ơ
ɿ˵ֶɻʮɲ١
˵Цأ
ЦЦԸĶҲģӶ䵽ʮûס
ɿʯԶѵ˺Щשͷȥ
ɵͷǿĻǿյġ
ٴЦЦͣߵʯԣ̧֣שͷȥͬʱ˵ϾСŮҲǸģѰʹ
¡
Ǹ߸߶ѵתͷȫ飬ΧŵȺˡ
שͷʵĵģǰԣϼҲԡ
ͬʱ࡭
룬ʲôŮŮ


64 
Σ
𳤳°, ߲ϵϸʯҳǷŻʨӿڵĴǰȥ˵, 

ʯڵģ, ŵ˼ڴ˵, Ů˵ļۣ
䱻ŵòᡣ
ӵ׻ŵģ, Ҳɵܻ
ԭΪֻܵøһ, ҲͰɵӻȥǸŴ󻧣Уء
ġŮ, Ūˡ˻𣬲˵Ů
û뵽, ԼȻֵָһŮСٳɷŮľ, ϱӵӾŮû˷ḻأ
ССпһҲٵʱ䡣
Ŵⷬģ, ֱֱߵǰȡö, ˵㻹ȣҪչ, 鷳λӽһ¡Ǳض, ѰдѰд
˵, תʯ, ڵᣬҿʶֵģĪҪüٶҡ
˵꣬Ҳô룬ֱת
һŮȷʵʡ
ҪǵЩǻعͷשҲô㱾죬ʱҪ˵Χۡ
ŮҪֵظеġ
صҩζӣҩ󣬿ţͨ˷硣
ȥѻһҺõҩš
ǽյˣҲҪЩʳûŮһࡣ
Щʱ仹磬һʱҲû취
ϰ˵ͼ
ÿǰôձ֢Ҫͼϣֽš
ȻڣԸĶǶ岻
ʱҲʹˡ
ɻһ϶ȥﶮʲôλ˵Ӹǵ֡
ڵͼ϶ϸϸı֣ûϸС䣬ָǵǴˡ
ǣҲĵһ죬֪ԼѸ͵Ľ֮ˮ嵽Զ
Զ
ԭλø˲ֹݣһͱ˺ڣܲԶ
ˮʹӻ뺣ΰĵ֪ʶӲƭˡ
ŵͼϸãְջʮĸѴӵͼôСΧ
⣬žôطˡ
ҿʯͷѹǷΧٱȻȻ뾩жԶ˴ǱߴĶ
첽Сܵߡ
ǲǷԺѹٴҪϲĵȥ⡣
Ű˲شŴͷΪΣԷͷ¶ȣּ˿Ѫ⣬ѸٰѲԶϻŵҩùιŻûѵĵ¡
ȷһζûʣ
ת˳ȥ
ܿ죬һ˻ﻹһʳ¯Ұó˵εİࡣ
ܵߡ
뻹û£Ͷ˵˫İͫ

⼸չҩˮʵЩ࣬ΪҪ⡣
ͻȻǳ顣
ô˵Ǽ£
ûС˵ӾЩշȵڿ֮󣬴ҽô䣬о
ΪҲǼ°
˵ˣˮٽ³´лıûκδģα飿
ҴϺҲܵĵߣѰһԵ߷£Ծ˸ţſϳСһţȰȰȵ˵
ԼӢ¾׹佭
˵ĽҰαŵԼڻǰвǰʯ֮¡
ҲԼ϶Щʲô֮ǰôô㣬¾巽λΣȫָ͵ϸϸ
Ȼ
ҲǼд˽
ԼǶôôŬǶôôġ׹£ȣԣˣ²ҹչˡ
ֱ춯أȺ 
ϣջصʹ
ƽƽƾϡ
뵽⣬棬˵ҵİΣǲ⣬Ȼ˵طٸĻҲԡ
ɡϳڵ
˵ꡣ
⴫
˵£ۿͷЩ񣬿ڼձ뿪ﲻܾ
á
û˵ʲôô˵ô
ҿձ׷ɱ
ջҪҪʬ˵ȷʵȫ
˳ˮȷʵƮԶⲻҲ
ѱ˳ô뷨ϸѲ飬Ѳˣǵѣʱɲ÷ֱ档

˿ɲᣬǵúúŲСҲģһжң֤˳˳ؾ
ƲĵĿſڣֱϲ
ڵľȻᷴԡ
ɸùĻҪĵġ
ô˵ⶼĶͷ˾
ãûȵıʾּԷһֱͷ㿪ڵͷȷʵЩˣЪŰɣҳȥ
Ÿվ
뵽Щʲôͷһţ˵ֱҸʵЩˣ˵ɲܶѪΪδʳĪ˺Щӡ
˵꣬߳䡣
ֱ۵ĵĵĶһࡣ

ɲ֪ûжĶ۵öѲֺܵࡣ
ȥʯվŸСĴͷ
˳ôˣǺģ˵еɵƣϴεĽӴҲ˻֣Щ͡
վҪ뿪ӡ
㻽һֱĬʯȥﹺЩͷ·Ҳ
ʱ
ҪĶһ¿Լ¡
ÿôµˣȻɲ
˵꣬
ŸմʯصУˡ
ʯһֱԼҵķ򣬱˻ȥͬ˺úøرʾҪ뿪ӡ
¿ú󣬱첽ص
һȥȿࡣ
ŵѾȸɾȥһ롣
ιӪԼŬ̼ģ
ͷʼԷˡ
ߵü
ϳԥԥģڵ˵ȷţȥòͰɡ
ԣڴͷϣûԥģͿʼлˡ

ϳעȲŵӰܾδʳĲԼԸλĴҴҵСʺ
Ѹٷ뱼ʳĶֻƻū
ǻֺˡ
ȴĳЩ治ģճ˶ֻ¶ڱ档


65 
Щֹ, һֶ֪
֪ҲЦļлϾǸһٲԶûš˵, ģԱгԷʱ, Ÿ޵ͷôͲܴ󷽷ȥԷˡ
Աɻ, ̼Ҳͬ
֮ضĽԼΪʲ, ʡ˷ѿˮĹ
ũҷʵҲ
˵óԣֻܽǿ, ʱ£ܱѾһǳҸ顣
Ҳޣʲôͳʲôúͺ, ̲СҲͽһ͡
˵ʵӶûڳԷôӡ
, ҪģѧŽ, ܼȥ
ѸӺҲûʯǱķ, Щ࣬ſ첽ص, ԼǻѪĵ̷
ϧǷǳʵȴǸС
ص, , Լ, ڴ, ЪϢ
ôأ
Ȱϵĵͼ
ŴΪҪҹּƽȣСģ˻۾Ե˻һ˯
ȴ֪Լ׽һ̣ŵĵ˫ۡ
ϳתͷԼλСʺ
ͷūһ㣬ͬĴ󵨡
˯˺ܾúܾãҪǻֿʼɤӻԷҪ϶˯ȥ
ʱȥƵûѡ
Է˯ţСſ첽ܳ⣬ûҪٺˡ
˻ҪϢġ
Ҫʼ·»˵ƽȵĺûܶϢͶϢ
˷ϣŷֺЦŵʯҲڣԷҫŸ˵ѼǼ¸˳
ԭҲʯ£µϲʾʯУСŵȥһȴû뵽ʯ໹£ؼҲ¸˳
˵˼ɵŻͦİ
޼ʯ󣬴ڵİ࣬Ӷͷȡ
Ĵȥ̷ˡ
һݱԷҲΣСһţ۾һһסʲôӦó嵭㣬ʲôηǷǳҪģʲôˮȶЩ˷ǳá
˵߰ѽ˵ιԷ
һһ䣬̡̲¶Ⱥʲʡûֱ̫̣
еʽظιදУżҲи
硣
ŵ˫кĴǰ˹ʱ΢ĴС
ҲȻ
ǿĳǰ
찡
ʧȥ˳ǣô죬Żع

ϳþöûһףֱֱӭ˫òѯʵЩʲô
ȥഺǡ̾Ϣţ֪ͰԼ뷨˵˳
Ӧ춼̫١
ۿŵĿⶼϬԴð̹ơ
æ͵ȿȣ˼ǣǰΪ˹ν˹ˮʱѹؿڣԿڿʿ
ڵıĿע£ԽԽС־þ˵ԼʧȥǵҲԼ
ôίҲԼɣ
ҲˣڣĳҽϿķ˵ΪڵϦ߻ˮáǵ£Ҳ޷̫࣬ҽŬ˺üʱ䣬ƽȡ
󼸿඼ɿõ˵ʱι˽ȥ
붼ˣſ˵ҪÿһЩؾ֮·ǧٲƣ͡
˵꣬ͳͼͷȱȻʾһ½·ôߡ
˵ǷǳŬڳ⡣
ഺֳʲôĶ̫ˣʺɫСֹŮŮ̸
ϳ˽ͺҲתƣӹͼ˼κָ˺ü·ߡ
ʵȨĵ
ȻͼúǴֲڣЩһƬĵطûУɽˮˣΪһ֮ҲѸٻÿص·Ĵλá
ú棬бʣʼǡ
ǵᣬѪ˼׷ǵĵˣҲ뵽˻ǰѰѾԼ±ļݺһ־ͻһֵǮ
ʵϣǮⷽ棬ʱ˵ǾԳġ
ǰ֢ʱֱᱡֽ˺üǮƱѹЬ¡

ȿȣⲻǵӾС˵
Ҳѧ
ԵĲᣬСɻǷǳʵõģǼǮƱѹʵЬֽ˿ûнˮȻҲ߰ţɼܲסͷֵ
˵Ͼ;궼ڻ¡
ϳȷʱԷ©ֶճ뿪䡣
˵ɫҲѾװ
ûôõǲܵģϴҲ㣬ǲա
ЩһֱڸµѹҲռˡ
ô˵ȡŮ
ñӵĻǱһ£ն·˵ͻʲôģʮԴ
ô룬ܲסֱʵʵΪ˷ֹҶ˼ֱͦľڰ
ֲǲʵʣ͸ܡ
ĬšС̫С̫ҡ˽ܲλط
Сŵĸѵֹˮ
찡
ΪʲôУ
ܽʵ
ָлķǳ
Ժþòɢ
㱻ʧߣֱһжڵǸϰ֮ˣų˯¡
ͬһŴϳûôõ˯ˡ
Ѿ˯˺ЩʱգûʲôֱϵۼʧѪҲ࣬ͷڽײ˸ľʹúܡ
ҹҲ˯¡
ټϡ
ϳڶʮνѹԼϵȰῪʮ˴ΪһŵϱӣʮƿԼԴ
һͬ˯û
Ȼ˵˯⣡˻׵Ļʺ
˴ҹ
ϳҲˣػַʵû취ֻܷ
ɴͷѹ˻һ࣬˰ٷڡŵֻԷԶúܣһ١
ա
Լƺš˵
׼ȷ˵ѵԸֿԱֿŽŵ޻ͷ
ĵɴͷ·ϣʪһ顣
ŵæ˲ǡ

õûϽڸԼġ֤ݡ
˭֪ŸС̧ԴͶ˵˫ޱȵϤޱģȴͷ˼Σֱ׵˵Ӧ޿
ɡ
εҸضȥҲǳ޿
˯˯ˣˮʪ½
ϱӴԽǰС˵ûŮ˯ˮӵޱȵϲ
СԴ롣
ҲĥµǸʲô顣
ֻڨڨЦЦӲ˲ǿ鱻ˮʪĵطСһţɿ˵ѽҴС˯˾ЩҰɶൣൣȿȣɫҲˣͷû꣬ǿЩʰʰҲóˣ
һһһһãƣȥƽʲôˮ
·ҳ
̡·ؾµ£


66 
šϳӦһ, ãŽ˵ûɾãá𣿡

Ц΢΢Ӳ, æջ, ڴϣ˵ɡ
, ƽƽ
ޱɲ١
ʱû˵, ͼóĬ߾Ρ
𴲴ϴ˳͵͵Ƴ۵ǷҪһ, ޲޲΢Щ͵ա
ϧǸǳˣ͵͵ƳʮۣҲûѰᡣ
һҹϢϳҲָЩ, ·仹Ҫ˲ȴҲ̫¡
ù򵥴ֲڵ緹
һҸ, ýʣϳĹõĴ¿
⳵ֶª, ܹͶԡ
˳ȫʯڳͷ¿ǿͷСë¿, Ҫܵ
ǰӻҴЩƷ, ֹĴɡرĻ, һˮ󷹶رС, Сصʵʵ
涼׼ơ
ë¿, ΪԷ׼һƴӶɵë¿ר¡
׼ƺ, ʯǸϳϸ߸žһ˦¡
¿Ƶǰȥ
ꤹǿӿִʯС·ϣ
Ҳ֪Ǹʲôԭ
ƯεĲУƨӲû취¿ȻûаܸС
ѵ;ƲϷ羰ķ羰
һжеҪ˳࣬ª¿ӭ磬ġ
ȥϵ·ʯϵãҲȥ;
ЩĻ꣬һֱ̧ͣͷƲѵգѾ׼㣬ɡ¶У׳ϻи궨Ҫ
˵꣬ʲôߣ·Ѷȿ϶ӡ
Ҹ˵°ɣ¿ϵˣҲЩģ룬ʼ˹£ǰиϲӣſţͿˣһޣꡣǰźŵĹة֪ˣ͸˸ӣԺǲôţ
ôˣʯǳת˸Դ˫Բִʮѯš
Ҳû¹꣡ΪЦֹ
ǳˬʯݺ棬ˣԼĹд˽ϣүҲֹꡣ
ԾԼ˵Ĺ򻹲Ůٵʮ֮һ
ؾ·Զأҵ򷢴ʱ䣬ҪƵý
˵˼º־Լã㿪ʼ꺮ůʲôֱʹʹŵԴβڳ䲻ҪҪͣЪһЪ
ĹػʵϾЩϻ
ÿһ俪ͷҪȵĺ㣬ĲС
ϳѯʮ⣬лд󲿷ֲǻ˸˵ظѯʣԿԷеûš
˵ã㻹Ǽ°ɡ
á
˸ĲЦݣֵĽԼƴ߰ӼѹȵĹ£żôʣǼǴᱻľ
ʯ൹ԣеϸ޺üζ¡
ʱһһĹ¹ø졣
Ÿչ粻ã˾͵ϡ
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ɫģʱҪ´ꡣ
ҲкЩҪãͣ㲻õܱȴ¶޻ҰҪǿöࡣ
Ӳ
¿ȦܿͰȱĶãȥҩ̻˺Щ纮ð֮ҩá
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֧׳ӣŪͷͲªĳξָָˡ
Ͳһ͸ֲ¡
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Ӵͷǿ׳ë¿
Ȼ˵¿ڵƺעĿִ۵ĺ廹ͬġ
¿װޣʻ¿ªĳ
˼ҲΪñȽɫգ˭¿ģʵѿúأ
Ҳοģʯë¿ؽ˿ջ
ɲɡ
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СϵĿջ̫󣬺ܶණûУֻҪǮλĶ
ʣӲ࣬ʡЩõٰЩζȥˣЩȻϡȴҲ㲻϶ر𣬴˼СóҲ
ЩֵƱ򲻵ѣǲóõġ
䵱ԵüǣóƱע⣬¡
ȻҲϳԴ˶Էûκ顣
ϵǮܻǮĶ˱󣬼ɫŲ̫ԾҲ˲æ̽̽ԷĶͷ
̵üֱ̿
æüͷ˵ճôһ
˵ְ꣬ѶԷŵĵͼ˹ָŴ˵̾ȥϢ
⻰ϳ̧ͷֱֱ
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ʲô㿴Ҳܺ𣿻ȥ˯Ҫ֪ʱֻǸССĸðˡ
οأ
ϱӵʱ򣬻˵˷ճɵӵ飬á
ϳôĹĵţҲЩˣֻܰŶԷ˼ԹԵɺá
Ÿ˯¡
Ĺ
ΪǲǱԼˣ⴫
ʯſڸҿţһͲܸ˽ȥ֪ųԡ
֪˽㡣
ϳĽŲԶֻʣſڴOO@@
֪Ҳ
ȣͷεĽҲԺ˰ΰУЩֲʵ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱȺ 
ϳߴл㡯Ĳͣеúܡ
˫ۡ
ͻδſɬҩ֭ͱһܹ˽˵ϼ䣬ҩ֭ѹͲڵĻᡣ
ϳŸĿ࣬оۻû˯ȥãֱˡ
һһ׼εȰࡣ
ζȻҩҪ࣬Ѿź˺üգҲЩʲôԺŵʱ򣬱㲻ٺȡ
ֱֺ壬ȰȰǻžòףѸٽȫȸɸɾ
˯ϢܺõÿģЩٻˮˮǸö
ϳһһֹֽŸвͣȫðȥĵ⣬˯˹ȥ
˯úܳȻֲȴ֮ǰҪõöࡣ
ҹ
һˮϳ˯оѣ˶ޱѹʵȫ޷ůС
綼˲ů⣬ֲ֪ϦĴ
ˮڻš
תͷˮĵطȥ
ֻһŮľͰ߳
˫ۣŶ¡
ʵ£ϡǰƤԼ毺õˡ
á


67 
ǲ֪Լ˵е, ;Ҫոǰѽ·ó˺Щʱա
ҹڷҲ̫, ſ첽ȥ·
װİҲԶ, Ѹٹ, 䣬ְһҲԸϡ
߶´·
ĥһҪҪ, ŸչȥãŹ, ǽ¿ϴ˷
ΪһǱϹڡ
ҹȺͺá
ǵûܵ, Ҳû˯⣬Ĳõ, Ķ
ò꣬Ҳû⡣
ʱҹҲûʲô, Խ־ԽѷճϢټϵƻ𶼲, ˯þ͸ˡ
Ҳûɴ˯⣬ȥõСͺտˮ, ˯ŵĵι, ԼҲ˱ȿˮ
žů, , ˴
Ŵ紵, ҹԺȺҲ˯üá
һ˹
Ÿյ˶ٻʢ緹Сˡ

ǮǸ󾭵ûĶĻʺԴᣬջ˶٣᷿ʱǮҪϸϸ
ûǮҹﻹƶ㲻
Թ緹󼸿žѾתֱʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾ĵ¿
ϳһԲ
ȻǶԼɸģǳ
Ȼ˳Ϊ˵պתҲòô
ٱôһշ磬˵תҪز١
뵽⣬ĳ˵Ȼ·úܣ㣬ҲΪðʵЩǺµġ
Ҫ֪ⴲӿջıӣҲҪǮġ

¿ǰͷǿͲõ¡
˵Ӳ¿ܷôõٱ硣
ʯڳͷҲǵͲı棬ôͷٴε磬˵ɷѿġ
һ׼һͷԼͷŵĴʯ¿ǵķȥ
ǰʹ˺Щˡ
Ҳϸߣ֮ǰŵĵط
˵ȥҲĽųֻ̣Ҫߴ·Ҳ·ϵ̫ãжٲ
ŵͼػ˺þãٶȣҪ²ܵǡ

ʱ䲻ˡ
µʱ䣬ʷ϶ܻĸʵˡ
һǾѸ·ʱѹһ£Ȼ˵¿ٶޣҲױ˶ȡ
ϸϣܳƼ޵ġ
˵һطһͷ¿ӡ
ǣ¿ӵǰ治˸ŵܲ¿ӵޣ
ٶȻǿ˲١
ͬ¿Ҳյ˲ֹһ㣬ܵ¿ȻҲ١ټϽû꣬ãǰ񱼣ס
òͣųϵ
ܵһ͸ë¿Ǽר¹ûг⡣
¿İ£һ·ֻ̣˲ˡ
ҲûСţѯ˸·ĴȷԼûߴطʯë¿ĽŲѰ˸ɾͣЪϢ
Ҫ¿ܵÿ죬ܲҪϢҲǱġ
ȻҪģǼҲŸó緹ˡ
ʱõЩóˣû˺ʯһ鶪ȥ
ٸŹ˼ͷ
Ⱥ˵İθڴʯӺãͲͷдȣȽˮԵÿ𾢡
ʢȫռߵ緹ôˡ
ǲ࣬ǸҩʱҲݲ·ٵ
Ҵҳꡣ
˰¿ӵĴԴʰһУ˻𣬲ſʼ·
ԼĪʱңͿʼСꡣ
ۿٵŢòʯֹͣ¿ӵΪ˳Ǹרŵ¿ĴܲҲȡ
·Щ֤ȫҪġ
µò磬øϵ·Ҳϵòࡣ
ɫ΢ʱŵ¿ͰǴԤͣϡ
ϳѹһĸ·ٶȡ
ܷӰ̫꣬յС껹ãҪٶȻҪࡣ
ΪܸõĽԼʱ䣬ϳʱҲš
΢ͷϤϤĶҲżѵ
лʱ춼ûɻͰգԼڴ˵Ŀջ
Ȼ治֪ʲôʱʲôʱ
ϻЩȡ
ҽѧҲﺮʵҲͻָܷ߰˰ˣڵúԣһʼʧѪˮȻܷ緢ȡ
ٸһЩҲҿҩ
ջĻҩһܿ·㱧ҩ¿
ҩȣ·ȴĺܡ
Լ͸ͬʱܵСë¿ϣÿ춼ƴǰܣԷֻܺúЪš
ʱܰʾĿĵء
ʱҲô˳кüβ䵽¶޻ҰҪʯ۾ҵ˴䣬ҪڻĽҰ¿һҹ
ôգ۹ȥ
ƴ·һʵĴﵽ˸ݵĸǡ
ʱϵҲֻʣ˼ͭ壬ë¿Żܽãÿ׷ܲ׷úܻ졣
븮ǵ·ñȽϣ˳Ķ飬ŵǡ
ݳ·ʱЩŵģûнݽŲţֻΣĳʱͨϰնԹη塣
ϾһҲû˲η·
Ҫ̬ǿ̫ˡ
ЩʲôʹЩʲô˵Ҳ͡
ĵûʣصһʯô£˵Ե̫ݲֱˡ
Ҳͼ仰ĹǷǳ˳Ľ˳ǡ
ע⵽رŲЩûлòڵŮ΢
ҺÿնŮٸݷĩԼһͨܽŻ·˼򵥽ǡ
ǲѰǸͷ
ɽ߻ʵԶģױ䣬˭˵׼أ
ϱӴСӾľֻԼֵŵġʵ΢˽ö¶Ʋ֤ݣʱ֤ݶûãһ¶˭֪ɱÿ컹ǻÿ죿
˵˽֮й˰ɣ
ǰ⣿
ʵʵ̤ʵأԼؾǰɡ
ʵǸΣְҵ˻ʺ󶼴ŷա
ĬĬͬһµԼŵڳŵʱͽ⿪Էϰʵıӡ
ԷǸޱĸģ˶Ū˼
϶ԷֱۣȵЦ˵㣬㣬Ǻò˸ǣȻȥ·òãҲˣʱûᱡһЩġ
㣬Ϊʲô˵
ȻǮûжˣɵ׻ܵЩµ
ĪҪ᲻Ǯ·ûҪõġ
黨Σɺÿ
㡭
ϲˡϳοڣʵڸ㲻ԼСʺЩʲô
ãҾ㣬ɲҪõⰡö̯ͭͣϰ壬ֱӽǶ黨˵䡣
ŵ˰̡
Ȼ𴽽ǣЦż˵ÿɫ̫԰ףҪúС


68 
ϳֱֱߺȻŵЦ, ͷ͵˼£˵Ǹʲôо
ֻӿ΢ɬЩɬ⡣
ӶԷ˫峺ЦпԼµģ
ͷŮӡ
Ϥİ
㣬, ǰͷи̡ȥЩǮ, ССĵϷָǰ, ɿת⡣
ҲԷӦĻᡣ
ֱۣС鲽, ǰȥͷк, ʯǡ
˵ſڡ
ʯͷ¿ԼϵļҵͳǰþɲϸŵΣͬϳһ˽ȥ
ǵĵȻûоǵĴǵ̵ĳЩ, ĻƲûΪⷽ͡
ǲŸ߽ȥлӭǰ, ѯҪء
Ȼѡ
ˣҲǶЩ, һµĶĺ᲻áģ󣬲ű, ҧĵ̬˵, պҲɡ
롣
ƿһ۲¶Щ, еĳƺ˲ı, ͬʱŲ΢ת, ͷȥ
ڵ, 䱦Ҳ١
˵ȲЩʦҲԾʲôطȥЩ鱦Ĺ󣬰˳ɲǼ١
ǻֻҪ˵̣ѹ۶ǱȻġ
Դ׼ֱӰѼ۸񿪵ԭ޼ڱ󣬴󷽷Ҫ۸ټӣҲֻ̰࣬㡣
ֱӱЩתֳȥԿԸߡ
˵Ҳ̵ܵ˵ֻЦŲش
ӺԸԳӣ˵˵ЦЦϳһһ߳˵̡
ľս˭ȵͷ˭䣬Ǳİˡ
߰ɣʯ࣬Ҳø·ˡǮҲ̤ʵ˲٣ĥŻʲôãߴѰŽֱߵĳµꡣ
ȻõǡС㡯ͷһҲܸ˿ۿѵģ
ٸɾﻹҪеġ
˳µ꣬ŷԸ·ǲѰʯôͣµﻹͦѰģ
˺üҡ
һʽĴ£ϰص˸ܵ·

ô·Ҳˡ
ֻҪʯ಻ڴǼ·ԵŰƵģС
СС⣬Ҳ˼·ϳָָżٿǼͬʱͣ¶ûͣ
㣬ˮӣƺÿ𣿡
ϵҲ
ףѩҲ¡
ĵƣֿǺÿˡ
ϳԹ˵ϰﶼû취ģ֪Էȷʵϲ⼸ʽ˵ϲ㹺Щ
áص˵Դתͷ͸ϰ˵ĵƵģûнεĳ£һסˮӵҲĵҽףҲһסɫʽ㡭
ȵȡ
ϳæסָͣϵ֣üͷ˵Ϊ㹺ñˣ򵥸ɫɡ
Щϣʵ̫ڡ
⻰ϳ˼һ£˰ΣŶϰ忪ڵҵΣѸո˵Ҳһס
˵꣬ϳĸ첲
գ۾˵㣬Ƕһģòãĵƣÿϲɫٻɫ෦ζᣬ͸öೢԳʵĶ
ˣҪļҪԺϲϰǳ飬æȵİѳ¶ȡֹǼʽֻҪλ޼һһڿ
ˮ¸ͣۿžҪùˡ
ȶپǶٰɡ
׻ǼǵԼڲԣʵԼϳֱ󣬱Ƶջ֡
ֵŵԱĴܡ
ļﶼǹʵʵ£ԵĲ˵͵ǸɱġȿȣжԷС̬֮˵ŮŮָҲС
ȥڵҩЩɢҩ
ýҲò࣬ͷ·ţɲܻǮִ̫ţֹͣĽŲʼѰĿջ
̫ģĿǰס𡣿̫õģûҪίԼ
𣬲ŶԱҵ˼ҷ涼ܲĿջ
ɫ
ͺǸ˿ڻҩֱȥԷ£ͬСˮϴ
㣬ȥҩջˮϴţע⶯Щ˷硣˵꣬ѽ·ԡͰϣſ첽뿪
٣ʵҲû
ֻ΢Щӣ˳ܱӡ
뿪ǰЩʲôתͷ˵һҪϽո·Ŷ
뿴ԸƯ·
һҪͬţ
ʺҹװ⣬ͺܴ̼
ҩصһ¾ѰӰŶԷѰĵɫ·ϣСȵ˵ͷ
ͬʱˡ
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ɵͬ
ɫ·Ϊ
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ҲҶ࿴Ͼ¿ɢˣԽԽͷ
ҩº
Ҵææ̧ŲٳȥСˮ
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żϳ߿űطĵöЩ޺۵ĵͼ
תͷר־ĵ
˵ʲô־ƺЩ⣬˵־úֵֹġ
ҪǿڣҲܲõȳȥܱܰɣ
߱ʾ͵ʲôģ

ʲô˵ˡ
еĴҶС
ϴ裬Ǵ⣬ϱӴ軹̹̹أֲĳɫС˵վ趼ҪˣԻĽ
Ѹ·
ˮȥȵˮӵůֿ֣Ǹ̹
ϴˢˢϴϴţ˸衣
֪СİͷҲǸϴ˸飬Щգ书ǿŮٿɲߣϴͷ֪Ҫʲôʱܸɡ
չա
ŵĸҲûϴͷĶ
òϴͷŴ£Ŵƶ˼ҵǿ£ʲô¶鷳һǮ
ʱϳ˫ɶͼѾϤޱȵĵͼŬԼ˼ҲֲסԴԴϴˮ߳
СʺĸΪ֣Ҳûжȴö
άƣҲ·ʯ
ܿ죬ˮԼϤϤĴ¶һһȻĳСʺԼԿ첽Ķ
봺óһʱˣôô䡣ߵϳ£߲ͷ߱Թš
Ѿʲô
ϾֻҪͻǲξȵͲپʲôԾ
ϳûԼԴƳ۹ȥ
ֻԷ΢
´ϲӰò
ɣ̧ͷôԴֱֱײ˫ӰѤõ˫
Ŀĺš
͵ɫ·ʲôٿȥҪϢĴ󲡡
æվ


69 
㡭㡣Ͱ͵Ļ, ޴ΣкһѲͷëϴȥ, ʪɵͷȫ۵
漴, ΢΢̯֣ŵתȦ
Ҵ·, òÿϵĿǺÿˣֻ֪·ܷýһַɡ
, ϳ̺ȹŶԷ, ͷĵҡҷˮ㵴š
ĵСʺ԰ĵҪ޼֡
ſţ֪ΪΣͻȻЩɵý˱Ȳˮ, Żشɱҳ̫ࡣ
ˣ϶ǱȲ, ǺҰˡôشţҲò, аɫͷһѵ˻ȥ
ŲͷĶĵĲ̫ƽ
ͬʱҲûͣ, ȰȰȵĿ˵ͼôͶЩʲôѽҪ·𣿻˵ڸ·ٶ̫ˡ
һһϵ׳
ѹûͣٹ˿ûشʱ䡣
ʵ, ҲָԷش𣬲Ҹ, ˳Ӫ, ԼڸĵСС
ϳ·Լͷ, ϸϵʪˮδٷֺ, ΢΢üͷ
á
ֱСʺߴߴͣСڷſƬ̣ſ˵Щ
ţʲô
ԴϵëϥϣҲһ˲飬뵽಻дĶ
͵գգ۾
ССĺڴŲ˹ȥŲԣ͸ܵĳֻϸָᶯš
ţһůӷµͷƤ
ůۡ
оİ书ǿز¶Ůźŵʱ򣬾ôͷġ
ȵȡ
ͷ书˵пԷȵ
͵˫ۡ
˫ֱסϳʹֻ֣ɫ࣬˵㣡ǲ㻹ţֹͣçײľٶ˶ûأ㲻֪𣿡
ӾС˵Щ˻书ļһ֮⣬ܻѹû
رǻʵΣְҵʷϾûٵģ
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˵꣬ԼûʲôĻõĲ̫ǡ
صҲǱ
üͷָָ궼˼ˣ
ÿΣչ˵˻Ծַ˲٣Уĥһηˡ
뵽⣬˻Ӧ˻ӣúҽ
ϳǱ̫ҽԺ̫ҽҪ²ЩֵۣòֹͣԼСʺбΪΪ
ۿֻ˵ˮͷȥ
ӶԷϥëΪԷͷ
տʼͷʱʮ㣬Ųţ;ƺЩˡ
ǰרעĿ⡣
һʱҲ˵˵˼䡮ɵúú㳹û
ʱ侲š
Ҳ֪ݰά˶ã֮𶼶˰أͷҲʪø
ϳֹͣϵĶ
ӹǰʪëվתŵסұĿڣƽ˵ˣ˯ˡ
⣬Ķĸо
ֽҹɫ̫̫ᣬֵĴ
ҹܳ
˺óʱ䣬ŴԼ߰˼ѣѵ˯˹ȥ
ա
΢նϢ˶Եûɣ·˾
ɲ
ҹִమһΣλǷֱΪĵʺ
ǵģλʺҲˡ

Լһͬȴɫͬ䣬ʱģ
𴲡
򵥸ĵ˸кʰʰǱԼæµģ
ʱһ˲Ÿ¿ӳ˸ǡ
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Ҫ˵ԭ·̶ѹһ졣
ֵֻܿţҪܻøԲݣõĲ̫󣬲ë¿
ϳ߿ֿС϶дĽ㿪˵뻻
ǵСͦõġԴҡɲ˹ģǺã̫ۡ

ϾɵĳᶼڸǲסĽ
ŮӴʹӱ˲Ŀ¾ҪΪеķ
ë¿С̺ãȻ׳ֲʳ紵ôЩ컹ܵҲ죬ܲžǿ񱼴ա
¿Ķȥ
ҪǣͨҲû취һͷͨͨë¿Ͽж졣
ٶҲĿǰ׷ġ֤ٶȵǰᣬ㹻ĵ͵밲ȫ
Լٷǳ಻Ҫ⡣
硭
٣
ͣͣ
Ҫȥֵͬⲻͬ⣡
·һٸͭ壡
ֱֱǰǽ·ȫȫסֳľϻŴֲʮˣ֪Ǹտʼ˸ͷ뷨ƺˡ
ͣ·Ѻһٸͭ壿

⻹ͦ½˵ģǼǱȽ˿ۣ
ֵͣĹӿɲۣٷ˼¿ûͣ£нΪߴļ˱սľǰһˡ
ʯ¿·˵Ŵٻæͣ¿
Щ˶ٷ˵飬ʲôʯǲ֪Ƕ˵ֻܴӽٷﻤס
뵽⣬͵شӳ¡
ǰٷ˺󣬱ץȥһץһˣɾͰٷ̧ڰա
ʱ䣬·ˡ
ԭʯҲٷǽ潻棬ʯӢģĬƬ̧̣žͰԿ˵Ľٷ˳ȥ
ɣûѶ

ʯѧϵٷҲ˵ϣʹ
׳ʿŮ
ٷľһ˳һ͵ؿͷﲻͣ˵ţֻЩǮؼңʵû취ŵ˽ٷˡ
׳ʿŮǰ
ҲֻǴˣû㶯ֵġ

֪ģ·ǮһĵĽٷʲôأܸǶѧֹ򡣼ˣҲûǰִ̿յ̫ͱɾͰ£÷š
ڶγΪŮ˵ǻ˲ٵľ顣
ѧϱӵӾƷɺģϥϲڵĻҳȹһ𣬱㽫ʯ໽Լԡ
Ӫơ
ſ˵ˣͷúܣһ˵ˡ顿
ʱͷ
Լһ˧
ϳУСʺͬĳֻɹҶ˲ȽµĳëСūСצצ·ɲƬҶǶô顣
ȽԵá


70 
Թŵˡ
ͷͣԼĳĿɿڴ, ǿ˵׳ʿ̧Ƚ߳Ůݼˡ
Ը˷緶
м˼ͬ鶼, ˵ǱҲ, ҪǱΣҲ䵽Ҫٷ˵ĵز
˵, ءϸһЩν񡯵ĽٷˣԵĲ, ͽϵĴ磬Ƿ糾ʹ¶ûúϴƵġ
߰һ, ˵׳꣬òȴǺܺá
νķʮվ·ţҲ˵㡣סٺ١, ֪ĻΪ⼸Ǵأ
Ůǿడ˵Ҳǻ飬վ׳λɫŮӲӵлȨ, ؿ˸ͷĨ˵ԭǸٸȥ޵̰ӵ, ˵ЩǮȥ
̰, ԽԽԶ
ֱ¸ͣҪ޵ĵ̰Ȼֹһ, ЩطĹٸȱ֣˵óǮȥ
ͷۿžͲ, ũæû취, ˮǺ㹤Ҳҡٸ֪ͨһ, Щ˿ڽ϶Ҳͱȥ, ֪꼾޵̰ӶٴΣգΪһСĿҲòȥ
˭֪һһߣԶ˺üݡ
ԭǮǰսᣬԴˮԽԽ˵ü˺ˮλµĴֲ֮һжˡ
ÿյķ˼١
ٸҹڽߺӱðްӡ
ۿˮҲסϢĵطṩǣֱӽǸߡԭ깤ŵõǱǮǰͭ嶼û
һ࣬ؼҵǮ
ǰǸŹٱߵģ·û죬·ͭ壬ԵҲҲ
û·ܽ򣬱סĿİѰ·
˵˵ţѾˮͷŵ棬Ҳʵûа취Ϊ˻ؼңֻô
ںڿ󡯰Ĺ£΢΢üͷ
ʵҲѾ߳ɣϱӹڹ㳡䱻ĳԳӢʦû·ѻؼҵƭƭǮͻȻǰĲҾл̬ȡ
ĥƬ̣ѧŵޱģ俪ڵ˵Ǳȥ޵̰ӵģǿ֤ݣտƾǣ
ϱǼӢʦܰ˵һӢһܸӢͨأʾֻţصұضǮ
¶ûлĺ
У֤ݵģæӻͳһջúúõ˵ٸȥģǴĶͷأ
ʾʯǰȥϸϸˣӡùĹٸǣﱾֻ˵߳Ҳɾųɡ
Ҫ֪ʱټɰúܡ
ͷǺһͭĹ·ǮҪ²ջôݹļ
תȥͬԷһ¸ô졣
磬ҪҪ΢ӼЩٸȥ򡮺ڿϲ·ĿˣϸɷŤȥ١
ǱȽƫǰߵģ⺰һ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣ټ³򡣶ոȺҲҲͳɹΣǵΣҲֻ̰ؼҰա
ȻҲΪʱҲʵķ
Զе˻ϲھֽ飬ЩǣûеģϸòôǮ
Ťȥ١

̫̫ʱ
ҵ˭ִʲôط󶵶תתصٵϡ
ݸĵѯʵøΣ
ô˵ϳƹҵĵҲʹ˹ٸٸ³˲
ϻԵʲô϶
ϳƳ̧ͷʵأ
ǻǳпԭ²㽫˷˰ɡͷӶͳһССĺɰЩˣһʱͷաЩǮǹ磬Σ
ϱиΰ˵úãѹȣз
ԸӸλǻʺǷ壬ǰѻյϡ֮ԭţ
һƾһưɣ
ϳЩڵϻججˣϰ꣬ȻֱܷմѪ
ȷʵСʺ˵ǰ㣬һʱͷ㡣
˵㰴˵ȥ
С˵Сɰͭ壬ͷһСӣЩź֪ʶ
Լƺڵǰ̫ˣ
̧ͷƳϳԷɫްƺڳ˼ЩʲôǮʯȥǸ˵ӡ
ҽĳãձŹǣҪպϣҿɾͲˡڿ̧ͷƣүĹ˭
Ż٣һһĿϺ󣬲ż˵ǴǮ䲻࣬Ҳ㹻Щ˻磬ҽö˲ֻԸ·ٵǱѾ㹻
ллλŮлл׳ʿ
ллŮ
Ůұضڼơ

һŵð˰֣æ¿ãʯ˵ˣÿǿɼŸ·ء
üһţλ
ʱ˵ֿµģ
·ȷʵÿ˴룬СɰǸվ·м䣬ԥãſ˵֪ŮҪߣҵЩ˺Щˣ·ʱٵϺȻ˺ЩǿˣרŽٳЩмòڵŮλ㡭
˵ꡣ
λŮֻصؿſӸԸĳֵܵˡ
ݴ׺úܣǼˣҲҪǮǾͺڣرǡӡ
⻰һ
¶ˣ˵߶ĳˣƾÿӣ̽ССԴ
Ϊʵüš

С¿صŵĵлм̡
ǳơ
һҲϵ˻˸죬ܳȻвͬȴͬٶĬǰţδ֪Σյ·顣
㣬ἰЩǿܾáЩֻ˵˰롣
Ŀɲǿˡ
ֻ¶ԷǽͷѰ
ͷмǿҲϡ棬ϡǶ˲Ǯϡǣӡ
͡
ⲻ
ˮڡϳ̬˵ſ
ֻҪͨǵĵؿȻء
㿴˭Ӯա
ôҲûȥ죬ڻϵúܣûҪôࡣ
֮¡
᲻꣬ԼܲܰʱԤƵӲǹؼ
ʲôʲô
꣬£ԽԽ󣬼ǷͲˮεδĴ
ˡ
졣
Ī˵Ǹ·¿ǰ߶Ѿǳ
ۿɫ
ôѰûѰ̣ǰŴŵ꣬ټϴ꣬ҵòٲҡ
ǸϳĿӻʯ༸μ￴˵ǸиҲܱܱꡣ
ôȥĲߣʯȥѰǱ
ҶûٿЦ
ɫװǰǸݶǽڼ˲ֹ߰˸󶴵
üһɽƾ
ϵͷʯһһĵԵޱȡ

Ӿ϶ôӦĻ档


71 
е, 㹻ݶЩطûƬǽҲȱ˺ü, Ҳǿ㹻һһ¿˳ꡣ
ǰ̨, ԭǽ
ɼܲסʯ󼸺ܿ°߾Ͱ¿ȵ, ̤ʯףԽ˴ǽֻʣ°ſš
Ŵɡ߶߶ܷˮûع, Ծʹʵʵһء
žʯȻѳ̧˽, ﻹǣë¿

ܸͣͦɵġ
ʯæͷĻʮĳȥѯſλɵ˵0ӣǷҪ
Ҳ֪˶˵Щʲô, ֮
ͷ꽥
ĵط, ˽¿ϢĵطҲֲ١
һ
˶Χ㹻ڷ絲겢˵Ľ, Ҳүʯ
ɢźЩ֦ҶҲ֪˴, Ǳ紵
ɱˡޡˡ
ɿ콫Щ֦ռ񣬶ѳɶ, ɾһСطϰǼصŵ޻Ӱڷŵ, к¡
ָʯ, ѸˮСԼרŰҩҩƵļС֧ܶһһ
Щ, ŷԸǶѿ֦ø߸, һԭǸϳֽĽΧʰɾ
̧߹ȥ
ĴŻҳ·첽ߵԣϸ˵Щʲô
ܿ죬ԷͷŸɫ԰׵ƯһಽظԼĪѩɰĺͯ
һĿǷ·סǹҵܰУԼӦӦݶ
ԼбҪЩʲô
ת¿ǼصΪ׼ĵװ
˶ϵ磬ŵȥ˵㣡ⲡûãɲܼ硣Ȱѹһϡ
ˣЩǧСĽ¡
󣬷˿оòɻʣȻȥȡЩʵģ
¡
ŶһһġˡԼϸġ๫ǰĬޱĵĬĬ졣
ȻǷޡ
еĲĺôԶˡ
ǧעⱣůŸʯС

ȴֻӲ֪ʲôʱմ˺Щˮһƣͷû˻ǡ
û취Ѿֽ˻𣬱Ųȥ˵磬ܽ𲻣
÷ǳ˳
ͷһŻӴʪͷ
ǾһһġŮûҽܣܿ׳һĿڵݡ
ԭʱ㿼ȡʮǰСԪĽԪ
ʱȢ˶ʦİŮΪޡ
⼸˫׹Т彥ԭûټѧˣԷҲû¹
뾩³һԡ
ȻԷҪԸκӲõ缲̣˳Ѱҽ
һ;ˣǳĽ֪˴ʦ֮ԵľͲ˵ʦҽֳɴΰЧΪʦȴҲƽ׽˵úܣҩٱܾ⡭
ϺкŵĴһͨ
ʵʵڵĽλ˴絽ȥҽ
˵꣬ȻϺƺѾΣ˵ǹʦھУȥشãǶλ̫ҽ֮᪻Ǿտ
Ծ˵Щ࣬㲹˼ҲѰҽ֪ЩϢ̾Ϣ˵˼ͷѪַ纮顣
⼸䱧Թݵ̫ࡣ
ڵľ˴ŲҩŽҩرרҵĽָеļζҩȥִӲѪķ½飬ҩҩʹ
ѪֹѪ
󻹺Ķ˵Ҫ˿̫󣬱ҩζȥø
˴磬ࡣ
ĬĬŲԷרҵԿ۵ϴϺ
ֻλĬĬ̾˿ֻ֪ƤëգھѶٱ飬ɻطû͸Ҳ޷κþ·Զ⡣

ĬţŲ֣һʱ侹Ҳ֪νӻ
ڰ㡣
ҽѧ϶޵ݡ
๫ԷƱ
òŮ˼ԴԼϥϵĶŮĿ˵ⲡ̥ʹˣ๫ҽУֻ缲ˡ๫ΪҸ࣬ҩ꣬ɴ㡣

๫

תˣǼǿĹ΢Цŵ˵㣬ûо÷ԽԽˣ
ĴʹĴ
žž졣
ʯࡣϳһʾϡ
ûع񣬾ͷԸϹŴӣ˻ʯཫǱӲһȦһȦ
عԼѾ˸õļ롣
̧ͷѯʡ
Է
ãȾ䣬͵öഩЩͬ˷纮ϳ֣ϵİԸСʺתһȦ˸ᡣ
ı
ӹСʺڵϵջڶԷĿƵע£ǶյʢĻ
ܵԵĶ⣬Ȼģȴ͸濴࣬Էɽ²ŵĵ⡣

ԣǱɣ
ڱѶԷ
ԲͬķҲ
תͷΪŰʯ࣬˫ǿߣͲûʶԷΪʲôҪΪ
ྼ仰ʱ䣬ȻĹͨӶóˣ
㣬һֱʲôǻ𣿡
ʯͷģ޹У۾ĵǶĲ档


72 
ֱӷ, ɥĴԴ
˭棬ҲӦøʯ棬Է˵ѹͿüŪķŭ
ɳƨŲ, ǽ, ˸ƿȥ
Ƕ
֮֮
ٸϸϸĻֵڣ
ǳĽҰο, ŵĿİĿʼˮٸŹȸÿˡ
ŵģ, Ա߸ɾһеľϴĶԱȡ
ֱ˼Ҹڴ綼ʼιϵĸ, ѵĸǼӷ棬кüʯ඼ȥְ˸æžȻغЩʳ
ǿ̫̫רע
벻
һͷ, üҼֻЦ⣬ֱӱץ˸š
Ҳš
ⶼŰ, ׼һ֣
뵽⣬Ҳ, Ҳ䣬ֱӿ˵עŵ, ĪҪˮոˡ
ʱɾͲҩǼҩ
⻰ϳƳɵøСʺ, ˵ýչңҲʵ, , ŨЧʢ, ǧҪȶЩ, ĪҪҵ⡣
˵꣬ƿ
ʯһҩĺ룬Ľ
űôͻȻ˵ôһλͼŶԷǴˮ˹

Ǳ
ҩˮһ㣬ҲǺźȶ㲡ܿЩתȻҲǾöװͲڡ
Ȼ˽ģɻΪԷöడ
г̾˿
˽Ҷѵ꣬ĿŵڵúˣҲҪôŶƭ˵С
˵꣬Ӣ¾ſ͡
ʾι
ɲιⶼɳ붯ãܲƺȽɣʵڲУɿ£
ϳֱӿʵ뷨ڵϣţٵȵȰɡ
˵꣬˵ļӣԼһͷݸʯԹԵľͿʼ˸
Сʺһˣ۰Ͱ͵
˵ͶţǲüǰԵýζҲ͵ý
ˡ
ı٣ص
ڱ֮ǰÿÿڶԷǰԱȥιιҩ
޿ĽԴǽһ
ֱӱ˫ۣ۲ΪͷӴˣ㵽ﶼǼζ
ţĬĬʿˮ
ŶĳһĿڵ͵͵ĻЦǡǡ๫ʮȽ©գŬԼ᲻
ǳڵĽȵİӴ
ζʵҲ
ϾǵιģʱΪٺޱȵͶһ⡣
ϳûٸһ뽪Ǿٺò
ҹ껹¡
ɣ˶ͷʯֵĻ³ĵᷢʮ㣬ϧ˼á
еļҲûЪϢ
Ļ𣬻ǽǿʯ񷽷ߵĵЪϢ
һҹȥ
ɫǰɵģСꡣ
ɵʵ˯ţͲˣϾģʺ˯
ܿ죬˶һһѹ
ڻгԵȼˮʰʰְѻѳϨֹ߻
ʯഩ°⡣
뿪ʱϵ˫ʮϣ˰붼ʯ߶߶š³дűꡯ
״λ˴Ҳʼϵ˫ֺʮ
Ƕϰˡ
Եġꡯⳳ֡
ϺŸظ˿߰ϸУƵѰŻعٵ·
˴·Ǻǿġ
żʱ䣬Ǳصʱ·ϣԤƵŵǰš
Ҳ֪ǲ뿪ʱϸж죬꽥Сʱ֣ƿա
̫ôԲҲôȴۡ
ҩվ£о˶ůģԷĸɾǿ˲ֹ֡
ҹһ·ͬеĽ飬ǻ˴ͨ·ҶݵĴ˷
ѵ˺á
ټϳȥﶵһȦ˸ӣ緹ʱḻھ˴ǳ⣬ֵĳ˶ױ
Ҳ紵¿ӸιʳҲǽ˾˴Ĺ⣬Сë¿ѵó˶ٺݡ
˳Ա㣬¿ԱҲܵÿ졣
;ĳֻһֵĲ֪ЪϢڶŸ·
ܿ죬һݵĸǡ
ǵŲԱϴλҪ࣬ЩڵñڵģȫҪȡ¡
һҪŲ鳵ϸѯŻ
˾˷͸ˣòʵڣȫһйʵϸ
ϺŹֵǸ
ž
͸ÿڹˮ֮µȻڣֻ˵£ҪȥѰס
˻ڵˣ˶죬ûҵ¿Ǽ򵥵һ۾ܿ꣬С
˳˸ǺѰЪϢĿջ׵
ɫ磬⼸ֶ糾ͣڵĲˣֽϺüͷԡ
Եò࣬˴˫ѩɰޱ߹㣬۵˵Եɡ
ԭǾ˴ѯǷҪһȥҸھͬС
ǹ˼Ůӵŷ岻õվԭأ
ίܾϾʱĸΣְҵͬеΣճ̶ȿɱȵҪ̫̫ࡣ
ĸƤţ
ټʱ书ѧĴڣݣ˭֪Լߵǵѡ
ûڣȶˡ
ϳϻðĳݸĿɬޣֱھ˸׵ĵͷĬ½ӹ㣬˳ԼСʺֱߵϸմм֡
ͬʱ˵ԵƬ̣극ȥ
⣬뿪ѯЩʲôջҲ٣ǽжοӵĵط
ôҲӦԼĵ
׷ɱĿֲԸ˳աʵ۶ʺҲȥ̫Ĺ
ʯ࣬ԿЩտڣͷʯຩһЦֱӶӡ
ſ¡
һͷһͷֱС
·ʳﴦģɽɾͶûˡ
ʹˣջˣ׷װͣ£ĳЩ̲סʼʯൽ׳˶ٶ

ͻȻͳΪֽǳĬֱӽСˣʯһ꣬æߡ
˻Ҫ͵
ƣߵ˰ɣ½϶Ҫɸ̳ΣⲻͷҪЩ˵ҪʯԷһ·ֻؾأ
ߺ˼룬߸˴ͣŶԷƯһ¶ڲסʵĲˡ
̲ס˵Щʲô
ӭƯǽЦݣ鲻Խ˵ɫ࣬ӦöߣӣѪ
ǻ˵رǸ˵
Ͱǲ˺öԼ๫ᣬ˺üŲò˿ҩֹסͷ
״ҲٲŶԷĬĬ˺󼸲ĳ˺ˡ
Ҳʱ
һϤòϤı
õмأ


73 
⻰, ӲתͷĨδüɢȥЦݶЩ֪üת´
һʱ䡣
ԺкȻϱĳĺĸʣ㾿мΪÿöô㲡

, ͦͻȻ, ֡ץĸо
Ȼʵǽã˾, ĪмƵζ
ԼԼм֡⣿
Ĵ𣿿϶ǰɣôסСý㣿
ڨڨЦЦС˵γԡ
΢΢һ
˵, ͣϼ, ⲻǴ˴µĻ
õĽǱ鲼ĺǵĺǣи㡣ϳ˵ţ·ʵ
ʵ, ҲԼ˵Ĳûд
СԴʾ֭ãźȻ, ƺҲġ㡯֮һ

ưˣ
߸ϵĵô˵ĳƺԼͬأνı˻ǧǧ
ȿȣ˵ǧǧ򲻹ָ
Լû취ô˽, ʱҲص, ټʹĹŮղ
Ǽϱӡ
ǾͲҪ̫࣬һСʱĳ, òĳƺ
뵽⣬Ҳûô, Цסĸ첲, һĽȷʵ, ǣĽ, ҲΨһ
ܲǣ
Ƕͷ˾ƿɱȨأԼҽãǵô㰡
Ŷ˭
ϳѾ͸ʽ
𣬻á
Ҳ֪ةôôģܽôŮ
ѽϸҡҡ˵ĸ첲üӣ˺һż˵Զ߽ǰɲװĽ
ЦŴս˵ԷƤٺݷ۶ڲסǰ⻬
ͻȻ
˰ѵҲûС
ҲǵһˣھʱҲż͵ϮɰСǡ
սʤ
ʮǷɿɿĸ첲ŶŲ˸ɿ־ЦŴߡ
ϧǸӵṦˮƯ硣
Ÿӡ
ȶŲȥԶȴȵקס
һ̵⵽书жǿѾ̵ţϾ͸ѹָɽƵģá
µǡ
ţҲţȴҲȫ˿קס·ƬƮƮҶ
ʶʱΪܡ
ܲɣֱͶֺóЦЦ˵㣬Ҵ
Ÿտڣû˵ꡣ
վͱ࣬һһµţزᣬԸùΪġ
׽ŪɷסСβ͡
ͦҵġ
㣬ҴˣҲԣҲӦôġŲңͼõɿԼôС
ǲ̷ʡҲûôҪ
ȻÿһεװԤƵЧ
˵װģûɿֻ֡
˺һ·ֱǰͷǷ޶Цŵǽùϵã˽Ҳ׷ײĿŷŹߴߴСȸ顿
ھȻСҲǳպȵ֣Ц´βҡ
Ϸá
ھǰŰǷ޶ھֵ˵
ھֲ٣Ҳÿھֶ˳·ǡ
˴ķҲȷͽʵ࣬Ϊȫ󣬱ֱȥ˸ھѯǷбϵ̶ӣǷ񷽱һˡ
еʦо飬ҲߣǶࡣ
ڼ۸ϻ߳٣ҲֵϾԸ޼۵ġ
ھֹźܲһ
լԺվűδ󺺣ԵľͲ˵ſڻſʯͷšĺھ֡
֣žǴ֡
ܿ죬̸˸׵ھҪһȥǡ
ϼ˲¡
Ǯȷʵǳ󣬿ھǶʮ
ɲǸСĿһӾ㹻ͨũһ˰ĿʮѾ㹻Ȱˡ
ھ˴СбЩΪ˶Լҽ˼ҩ̣˵󸻴󣬵ҲȱǮ
͸ʮ
ô˵»ǲżŴƱˣʮˣ
Сɷһ֡˴ЩΣøôСǣǣźɰֻ˵ǮѣҲԡ
ûѣȥɡ
æڵ侲ޱȵĿ½Сɰ˴ϣԴ˵ҴǼǮʧĻա
ǮǸö˭أ
٣Ȼʹ
ûôСɰ϶ʱ˼֣ͷȴûǮʧ̫죬û˿ȥĿ֡
ǵӽֱ̯˸èľ񶪸
չ¶Цա
źֻūũ׵öɰأľ񰮲֣ȥİţһһð
Ҳûϵ
ԴҲÿġ
·ʱľĶ䡣
극ͳū˴ԲĶԼϵСצӡ
˯Ҫľһ˯
ⲻϳ˼ôūľǲʹˣնǶߴߴͣģ񾹻ɶŸС⡣

е㲻ġ
ɲ֪еСžţľʹ죬ڶվͼ̸·ˡ
컹ûѾ
ھֻغϺ󣬸պ΢Ŵ󿪡
ʱ©ƹ⣬ë¿ųھֶĺ档
Ҳ治Ǵھ֡
Ȼûô룬ҲģȲϵ½ʱΧʦ뻤ųҲ治ġ
ҪǣﻹŮʦݻ͡
űģĵԷſڱտڲָҲЩ͸ˡ
ЩһҪֽŲɾ۸ǣ͸˵Ǹ·ûŮ˵ģͿ˳ˣ
Ůʦֵݸϳλ˼ͯԴϵС
ƳԶ˵Цͣʦݺҧ˿ʣµЦһ˵֪ǲңʲô취һŮˣǱǿܰǴʹġ

ŮʦѾҲ˿ڣû
ˣǴ˵öԣֻҪȭͷ㹻󣬾ӵоԵĻȨ˭˵ŮӲУжδŮӷⷢȵĻˣ
˵úã˵̫ˣ㣬ܲ
ŮʦļͷֱԷĵ˶˰ӡ
ʲô˵ҵҼˣƫôŮ˾ͲܶһͷƫҪھ֣ǧټƵĸ׸˵ΪҺãǣ
˵˵ţǿʯͷϴȥ
ʱ޹ʯͷѺ۱鲼ֲάסԭģ

С壬ĬĬŲŲƨɣߴ˴ա
ŶԷҵ㰲ȫС
˭֪λãҲһȥֱ˸ա
ߵĶŵԽԽζ
״ϳƳ˵ãڸ˵أ
⻰еĿҲתΪ顣
ѽ
һСģֶ˸أַֻŮ˶᷸Ĵ
ʵ̫ˣûð취


74 
˵
ƺûǰôĬ, ҲáԽԽˣ
ŵҴá
Է˵껰ԹԵĺˮ԰ӣҲûٴչȥ, Դһת, 
ϱĺЩƽȨ˼λʯŮʦ
ߣ˭СŮأҪţ
Ǹߵġ
Ŀ, ŮʦЩϴľʹ£ԼĳЩٽȤ¡
ȻȲŮǻֵĿڼ, ȴҲʵʤ
ʴʱ̲ס, ˫ĶŮʦչĹĵСһһ̾
״ϳҲû˵ʲôֻ̲סСʺűḻСͣá

ԭ˵ıܷḻ˵
ʱܿͽˡ
δ, ŮʦǿҺЩϼ˫ֿ֣Է´Ҳһò͡
ɱʱĻҪȤ̫̫࣡
¿, Щûعֱ˵˺ü仰ûеõӦ, źȻԼƺ˶Էá
ǳ, ûֹȥ

ŵӣһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵Щʲô
롭ССһƢ
ֻ;Щ, ŮʦĹ̫Ů嵨Թ
Ҳǹģ
ĬĬ̾˿, Сĥŵ, ʱˢˢݱ䡣
ۿɫ
һ·Ļ, ٲ˵ЩʲôҪ
ֹȥ, 㽿ҡŶԷû˵ĸ첲˵㣬㣬ҵĺý㡣㲻Ҫ
˵꣬ûƿӸЩ
ЦżڣСŶѾ֪ˣҲǹⲻġʦ׵żأʱͶŮӿ̣Ҳ࣬죬ܴһƬء
㣬㣬˵öԲԡ
˺òá
С£ֵпҪģͬ죬ǣŵĶǽһˡ
㲻ҪСŶٲҾҪ޿ˡ

СһһϣԺƮĻȰȰȵ˵ΪҪĥϺЩʱĥöԷڡ
˭֪ԷȻ䲻Ŀ
ðôһ䡣
Ŷ𣿡ϳЦЦ޸ҿ

ڵϿ飬͸˵ЦݣһμþΪˣΣǳƷеĲ⡣
˵ÿǻɻɵģ
Ѳھǹ󸾹ŮȦֿȵĽʻ
ԼһĨ۽ǣС˵㣬ԭԭҺòá
޵ÿġ
ͣһ£صΪʱ䡣
ĨˮԻܿ޵øʵϱĳ̶ŮԱϷҪ۾һֱỰ˵òһһӨ͸ص˳յ䡣
ԹļϣҪܶ
ֻ̫Ҳûרҵѵſγ̣ǿǿװģҲǺܳɫġ
˵ˣģҲޡ
Ӱգ
޿䡯ð죬ſž˵˵СŶƽˣòã
״ϳŻװģСʺһʱЩ޴롣
ܣһڹ컯֮¡

ãӦһš
ҮڲɹҲﲻסϳı飬һֱ˸
Ҳڵ̫á
ټ¿ʵһһµģԴ֪ײ˼µؿڣ¶ԷǸδȬĲˣæ
Ƴͷӿݵ·ʼֹĽˡҪ¸·ۡ
棬ʱʱʣǸ𾢡
ʾ֭ʼϱʮԴΪ֪ʶڳŪɾ͸
ھͬк·ٶȷʵ֮ǰ˲١
Ҫǣھֶ·εϤȥ¶޻Ұ֮࣬ÿζǡǡõԤƵĵطЩʱҪû𴲣Ҳֵõġ
ϴϸж죬⼸նûô꣬Ҳֻϸꡣ
ھѡ·ζݱϵĵ·û⾭ÿݵĸǣֻҪиЪžѾ㹻
Ϊϳʡȥ˲ٵԩ·
ϾǵõĶΪҪĹٵƵСٵɲ̫⡣
ƵС·߶ˣҲ˲ٵġ
˵ǺЩӱˮ壬ЩȥްĹٱȫߣǻǷ˼ɽӵߡ
źˮԵʣھֵ·Ҳ֮ĸı䡣
ЩƣϼҴڵ񣬺ЩʲôĶˣҲ֪Լﲻʲôæ
ǰ඼һС
ǿƼչѾ뺣ĿƼʱ޷ֻ֣ʧ
ҲûǮ֣¿
ģǽϵĸһ֣Լȥ
ƼϳɫҲ̫á
ʵҲܳ
û취⣬ֺĸʩǣ˵ʱߵȴ

ɲǸϢ
ûֻʧٵһҲûʲô⡣
Ǳãò˶þбʡ
ֻĺھٿרҵЩ󲻶࣬ܰԤʱصǣ㹻
һ·ϣҲͬǰ㻶ߴߴ
ۿԽԽ࣬Ҳֻ֣ӲĳԴ
·ļϵĹԱҲòͲ࣬͢û֪ͨ뾡취ȵţʱû취Ҳܳһڷ
ȻҲÿӶôġ󷽡
·ĳٱֱӽߵӣϳɫѾԽ
ĬĬ̾˿ʵְҵҲͷ˹ˣȥɽ߻ʵԶҲƿأױ䣬˭ܱ֤һжԼأ
ҲѹʷϳٵĻʵ۰ָ
Ǹǹ̫ҽֻشҲ׹ǰ
ΪתƵע
ֻŰ취ڳ⣬Աܣ˵ϼ䡮ˮ㡯ֵ࣬ǡ㲻桯
֮ʲôܸ䣬һһͨ
Գ˱ڵĵڽĿͶ˵ø𾢡
˲ҲǸ취һջᱻģѰЩ¸ͺáűຮʿﵥԵЩã첹Щﻹ㹻ģҲֻ࣬Ҫܱůɡ
Ҳ˵̫ɻ󣬶ǴڵСС˵ġ
˵ˣˮȿˮȴֵһֱĶɫ࣬ް
ĬĬˮ˹ȥҲȣ
ߣǶƵġ
ˡ
ϳ˰֣ڣѯʵЩԸģ
ˮûˮǺš
СԴӣôóôдֹĶÿ쿴ƯԳԺȺ־Ѿܿˣ
վھ˵ļϣϢʱĳʲôЩ
첹ִԽС˵дѾдˣǰԽ̴


75 
Ȼǡɫ, һ˵ٱԼ鿴ö࣬Һ, վھ˵ļϵҰա
Ȼֵú, ʵϣʵеš
󹬲, λεɲֻǰ裬һһĽ, ͷ·Ԥ
ɣ
ҪǱֵ̫ʣΪô죿
ڲƽ, տɲٷˣ
˿Ǵָϣ
ϳȷʵϿة಩ѧҲһ
ˣԷҲǴ˵İ䲻佫Ҳû佫ĵز
ָȷн뷨, УҲֱ˵Ů
ҡҡͷ, æ˵游ɲЩ
ǧԩԼүү
õԸϹĥЩʲô˵Ķ
үӹȻҲû˼ͻͽֹǧ, һеС̸¼ǼĶԲᷢ
Ȩϵʱ, ɱеҪϵöࡣ
ǺȵҲ֪ʲô˵˵, ʲôȻ¶
ʣȻʱӦϺе˵, ѡнΪôҲʵʵһ֡
ɤӡ
һģ, , ǺЦ, յߣС˵Ҹ͸װɣʵеִǧ磬֪ʶûй磬ƽȶҸνͬƽЩֵֹ뷨ͶǴĶѧġ
ƼٷǼ١
ǴӸ洵ϱǻõᣬһʴƽԻȨսԽǿĻ⣬ؽŮƽȡ
˵ѧĵҽѧȵȶ෽棬Ҳհᣬ񻯴룬ѿܵĲܵĶ˵
߶߶˵һѡ
ϴԳ̶ʷгֵ̻ᡣ
ֱһĵÿɵӵٴɤӣ֣صܽ᣺ҿɾʵǾǽûס
ɲǾʵ
ȷʵΣϱӵôܸᲢأ
ϳޱ飬Ŷ
˵ĻѾܶûˣһΣʱھǽͷߺס˵·ʱ
߻ڳ£徭鿼
ԼСʺڰ׻ֲʵʡ
Ρ
εͦ֡
״Ҳ֪ɴ췭ҳˡ
Ը˼򵥾ͽԼʾ׵ıݣ΢΢ü̾һҡͷԻڣ˶ҳգ˷ܶҵֻһˣֻһˡ
ϳɼܲסСʺ°ǰȥûг룬ȴƫҪһӣͦġ

Ҳ֪ͬ˭ѧġ
к߲٣Ҳû˭ģ
̲סֽԷֻϹڵָ£Ӧ˭
⻰׼ʮȽͲСա
̾ϢΨйʦˣң
κߣϺжЦĵţһϡ档
û˭ܱȵϺˡ
ⷽ涮ҲֻϺС
Ŷ
ϳ֪ʦȷʵ汾¡
Ҳ˹ʦλڽС̯۵죬Ϊǲ̯һǮļӦĻ̵ġô⡣
ʦˡ
Ϊ̵ĺĶܺóԣʦ־̵ĺóԡ
뵽⣬ѯʵϲĻ̵ģ
˼Ƭ̣ú˵ǻ̵ģĶ尡ֻҪݹ࣬һ
˵ָ˻ԼСצӡ
գգּۣ˵أϲʲôζģϲģҲǿϲһ°ɣ
ϳСʺɵɵЦݣ˼ĵ˵ͷ֪ʦΪʲôСʺ꽻ˡ
ɵľͷ㻰ܴ©ٳȴҲڸǲסд˵ϡ
ǹʦĳ֮ġ
ɫ
ھţųͣЪʱ򣬴ܵһԵ̯ǰڵĴ
һһ̵ģĵݸ˵
Ƶܡ
ЩŴյߵ˵㣬ռȻǵšǸģֻһ˶Ŷ
ԣϳ΢㶡
ɿ콫ֽŵ¿ҩһȥסۼ
ȷʵǧǧ㡣
ǣŵģ϶佾еСǳĶͷ˾㣡
ȥٳԡҩһ󣬲ſֵʰ׼Ѽҵ޵Ŀջ
Ψϳά΢㶵ģֱֱǰЦĵŮ
еȴ⡣
Ŀڶù̹̣ڻ˼Ȧ
ָоİȴᡣ
ϳǴ֮ˣεӿԼҲ²⵽֡
ԼĪǡĶ
ͳֵóĬˣԵñӣֻıһһڵĿš
ģҲϲԱ
ͼõЩˣǱʾϲԲǿܾˡ
һҹ
ûô˵
ֱգ¿̶ٴ̣ԷҲǸ㶷ӣ˫Ŀǰյ䲻ŵ㣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ܲԾ
ˡ
ͱΪֵϲģöԷԱհô˶Ϻü֣
ͼøЦöԷע⡣
ɹȷʵɹˣǿյֱӸϣΣҲŻΣƿҲƿ

˵ġ
㣡Ҵˣˣֱ˫Ͷ״𣬿ɥ˵仰ѽǲϲ
˵롣
Ȼǰͷھֳ͵ͣ
ֲܴ¿Ҳֻܼɲֱĺ仰סˡ
ǰͷЩʲô
ھĴ󺺾ʹӻڵĳϰγ˵ವģϱӵӾݵĻҪѸ١
Ҳ˲˫ۣ̽Դ䡣
ǳĿʼ
ҲһֱΣգеţѸٰѰ§ڻֳסĸ첲ܵ׼
ƻڽ϶ɷһѣʮصڹĻҰ
ԶԶ׹ھͷ¿ϵļˣ
״ӼˣⲻȾݽûʮ
̽СԴ
ȴΧͻȻ˺öŲµˣգۼĹ򣬾ͰټĳΧס

ֵʱ˴롣
Ѹʵ˵İԴ㵱ȡ
ôЩˮĵùʱ
̫Ӷȥ룬ﱧŴ¿Ӷ˶ǰתʱ׹˿ôͷؽ׹ȥæҵץסЩʲôץ˸ա
ܲҡ
ֻܱ˫ۣȴ塣
Ȼһ
ֻԼǱĵӰͷô׹ȥƣͣ˰С
ĬĬء
Ҳ֪Ǵʲôط˽˵֦ϿȥĽǶȣպÿ֦Ҫڳîλá
Ҫ氤ôһ¡
Ҫ¿
ٿԴͱϳ˳ϣԷ̧ôһӹȥ
֦˻ȥ
˳֦˶켣ȥպವһĳŲµǰ
ûüЩʲô
Ȼǰ˸ƽƽˡ
ô֣Ҳ֪ǰģͶôˡ
Ҳǽɣ
ԾµĬĬͼǿĶԷϼȡЩȫС
ȭǲ̫ʵЩ
ܻعһҪõṦرרܵṦ
ŵĺ˼룬ֻӺͨһȭǵķϥ¡
ף־˵
¡
ΧЩŲµҲ׷¹ٶģ͸½Ƶġ
ͷˮǰתԴ˺һȦҲûиŴϻ
׼ȷ˵ûİˡ
˭
ߵĲǳ·ߣƬˣиʵģ


76 
ڴĵ˺һ, Դŵؿǰת˺ôȦûҵԤƵĿ
ֱȥСԴһưס
ŹԹֱǰٶ
ܿ, Ϳ̧, ĳϥµ˰˰֡
ǵõʲôָ㡣
͵վΧЩˢˢµҲ׷վ, Ķ֪ĻΪȥ˻ʹǾĵأ
, ЩƣЩͷ˫۶ŵذôü΢΢ֵĶ
ѵ־ѧеĶ˷
ȵȡ

͵תͷ, ΢΢ԴޱɫЩϳ۾Բˡ
˿ŵǵ
Ѳƽƽˣܲڲ֪İ
ܾò̫Ծ
ô͵𣿻˰Եֱӳ־棿
Ҫǵһ䷴¿ǾҪٴװޡ˾ֹ, ɰûаǵ͵ķ
СС۾Ǵɻգգ͵Ķŵ, ڴŶԷܸ
ЩķҵϳƼСʺ鶯Сģͷ͸Ǿ
ڶԷͷָ΢
ԷԴתԭλ, ܿǵߣ˵ڴ˵Ƭ̡
˵, ˰¿ȡ
żһڡ
̤ҲתۼĹ, ˱ưƮ䵽Զ֮ϡ
ۣ
ԼеĴ΢΢ſ, ûôľ̾
Ṧ֣
ɱϱӵӾӰҪŻǳͷٷÿˣ
İ˽̸ĵ, ۾գҲգ, Զ, Ҳ߸ԼĶŬš
´ʲôʡ
ʯ̽Ҫͬ˵ƻ˳ͷ
䵽ھĴǹȺϲģҲ⡣
ϧãûܵȵڴŵĻ档
ֻİһһϲ֪˵ЩʲôھŮʦҲżʦȥ̸ΣȻ˳ŵȭΧŵЩŲ߽Է׷ȥ
Ȼޱ߻ˡ

δҲ̫ƽ˰ɣ
ھʵʵڵøд̵ͷˣ
ƲԵĲᣬЩ˲֪ݣô˵Ǹɣųһ仰ܽ
Լˡ
ʧʧûܿԼҪľ飬ҲźԼǡʱ򣬱һƬбر顣
źɿ׿Ѹٵ̬
˫Ķĵ͵ŶԷصԱ£ϸѯѯǸô¡
ЪϢЪϢøͬǻЩҪ̸ϳСʺգգۣûӦּ˵
һϰˡ
䣬΢΢ףתȥƻİԣ˾ĬһǰһԶ
Ǿ룬ֻǿƼӰ
ңң˺һƳھֳѾʼЪϢˮҲʯС³
ŸհѻŮʦԡ
ԷԴҡڵæҲûкҩϣҩ
ŵǼʽǷṦҲڻָټֱ۵˲׺ãǵøϽȼҩػѪС
ҩඪѪҩ֧֧õŮʦҲڿˡ
ӣȻƻ
ŮʦпдôڸǲסĽһ˵㷽ǾȵģҲ֪ʲôƻɣǸõطǵұҵ;ؼУҲһԱûʸ񣬵ŬŬָҲܵϵС

һܾʲôط̫ԾƻᣬôϴԴħƵġ
ּһͲô
˵ƣֱϿɲ֣ôйɡ帴ʱ׼췴ĸо
ͷ
ɱݵİɣ
ǵʱβС봫ħ̡
뵽⣬ҲЩˡ
æŮʦһСİѻŶҩ
ҲܲҩܹԶ㲻£ʪкⶾѪֹѪ˰̥ÿһܸõϡ
ѯʵƻǺεأͷͬϸ˵һ
Ҳ¡Ůʦ䣬ƻǸʲôطϸ
˵ǸʮǰͻȻֵֽ̻ᡣ
Ȼʱݣȴӵ๦Ҹߣټϴδż壬пڱҲ
ƻ˲ԱҲܶԷкݡ
ֻҪ鷸Ʒ⣬룬ǽͷؤֻҪżɽϰù
߿ѡػݣÿֻɽ̻㹻ЩӰֻƯ޾ߣƻỹ̵ְҵѡ
ÿ°ְλųĹ̶Ǯ
ƻΪǺݣֻ֪ԷȽŲ㡣Ϊϰ⹦ֱϵݡ±ȡ
Ůʦδᣬ֪Ҳֻ࣬ΪĽľƻֻԱ
üطΪŮӣһĵŷ
뵽⣬СпŻŮᣬС㶼кЩֻǴԣδ뵽ۡ
ֹסͷûټ˵ȥ
üͷ΢壬ּԷһ˵ͬС֮Ӷ׵飬㿪ڰοӲ̫࣬½ϣһҲܷ˵ǸŴԺĿɱȽҪӣմѪҲ˺ħͷҪ١
ŮʦЦЦ˵ЩʲôȴԷ˰֣ݸһܻھ־ۼͷ
أƳӰ
ŶԭǱƻλ˰
ԸΪⱣ֤ƻԸѲ˸ϵʮʱɲ̣ҲǵЩʱ

Щ˼룬жòС
ƼеĴɱɱżħʢУһ߱˵·ñ·ߣҲ
⡣
㣬úҩˡ
óרĺҩ룬øɾˮ˳ҨСǺڻƺڻƵҩǱɬϼ֣ܾԼЩʲô
Ŭãûܼˡ
ֻƻ顣
ҩһߵյµĵߣЦ˵ƻǲ
û˵ꡣ
öҲܶ
ԣϳ΢΢ƫͷЦͬ͵СūԷ΢΢𴽽ǣģúܡ
Ǵ绨ۺ

Ѹٽƿò׾ˡ
㣬㣬͸Լ˸򣬱װ뿿ڶԷϣԴڶԷǰͣҡΣԵǲѽǲѽ
Ǹö
ǵƾ¾;й󸾹ŮÿĵģҲأ
ϳһһϵĴԼǰθͣСʺҲᷢԼֹ꣬ң˼ҲЩˡ
æ˵ͷ
ƿʯͷϵҩһڡ
˴𰸵˵Щʲôŵҩľٶʯ䣬ڼǰԼֶһѲ֪ٵĻ

ֲɬҲЩ
ɬɬɲǲࣿ


77 
𡭱̫ˡ
治ɫҲ֪жҩ, վֱӡ
ӦãͿôһɣ
ҩ
һ⻰͵ش˸, æڱ˻ûоͶ, Ҳ⸱ҩζвҲҩ, û͸ЩȰɡ
Ҳû, ҩȷʵˣֻСĽζŶЩ
ڹЧϾԲ̫ĸı䣡
˵ǲѪ˳Ƚⶾ
𣿡
ϳһ۾Ϳ͸СʺڸǵǼֻ, Ҳ֪Էҽֻǿβģ
ǲСĽҩŶЩա
ǵȻСװ㲻ͣͷ
˵꣬׻ǵ̫㣬öԲ, תǰСͷ˸ڵĴͷ
ҪʵѺ, Ϳпͷѹһѹ, ͷǹܹġ
֮⣬ѺȵҩҲҪġ
Ҫ֪ЩҩǼ, ⻹ûʲôЩСطҩﶼʣζҩ
һ, ˶࣬Ҳѡ
Һˮ֮󳣳߲
뵽, ֶ׵˻ǰ, ѻյĸЩ
ʲôʱᲡ, Ըȵˮ, ضҪںһ󣬲ܺȡ
ӣʰʰֿʼ·
ʱͬǣھֵĺͷһ¿һ⣬ɲµ¿
ݳ߽Ų£ͨͨȺﶼֲ˭˭ɲƻˣ
ź棬ոԴߣֹ˵㣬ǣ
˻Ѱ׵񡣡ϳźۼ֣һڸƽ¡
δ
ҪһЩʱ䡣
⻰ƶǶĵ˵ͷ͵˺üۺǼ¿ͬ˵˵ƻòãķǳǳ棡
ٴηԼܡ
Сһ죬ֱȦϵֱۣҡǻΣ˫ڴĶǰˡ
Ȱȸͣһһ㡣
ͬϺСжƵģֱõû˿취
ܿ죬ԸԳ
ɹӵ׵ƻΪϸϢ
˵áһлÿӦıꡣ
ְλٸߣҪ䲼ʹЩȡ
û˭ȥĹϵдССİᶼҪȹ̡
ƻΪ׼ĸְ֡ҵʵ仰˵˽򹤡ְҵѡһǮȥҵƻ÷ֳɣҪƲ˴ҵ߻óеծ

ƻǲġ
Ҹƹ׬Ļ϶ҡ
°ֻͣõֱϼ޻ˣ֣ҪǷŵϱӣ׵Ǹʱϰ塣
İ䲼̶ֱȶžͷɡ
ְְҵ̶ȽԱƻǣһײݸᡣ
ߣ͸ˡŮʦ˵ģҹ㶼ƻˣֻҪôԵ˭˵׼أ
ʮꡣ
ʮĹͷչ
뵽⣬ٴδյԷߣǸʲô뷨
ͺܺ棡
֪̽ЩΣգͲסԼǿġ
ǰ˿СƵģҪǾֻţҲˮСĳһСڣĵζ˭̵ס͵͵һڣ
Ȼ֪ԽԽ羭䡣
ЩԾøˣˣҰˣҲҰˡ
̽ŵСѾͣҲû취ͣ
˹һ
ҲҪװףĺģ
ϳƳͻȻ÷ǳḻżּᶨСʺҲʵڸ㲻ԷСԴնЩʲô˼롣
δϸֻͣǵڵ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ŶβüȻشúܺҲ˲ڻ˼
ɲרڽС
ȴû뵽ţģչԽԽмִĸоһʰ
ŮʦἰЩƻŰѹƻ͸ˣϸ룬ǿֲ˹
ֲõһλʹٰκ«Ƶץ˲ڵطưԵ̰١
ȶԹҵƿҲһʵеġ
֪ԼƺĲСʳ˸ܣܿ¾ĸ޼֪
æճЦЦ
˵㣬㣬˵˵ƻ书ôܸһżͷ𣿻лУôĲ̫һΪʲôŮӦſ쳾𣿡
ſھһһΪʲô
ȻǴڻתƻĽڣЩ⣬ҲǳȤ˿ǰǸҪԴҪС
ϳĵĻشЩǹĻ⡣
ֱԷڴѯ
㣬ǣѧṦҪãܲٳһ£
ϳίشʮ꣬ԼĪпܡ

⻰ĺʹʮ꣬ɲͶ̥
ⲻӦ
빬̤ϽֿȵӵӰС˵Ůľ飬ôṦѧɣ
Ҫ֪ϱݽ츳أ
գΪˮĴ۾ĿٴѯʵûѧṦĸ𣿡
ʮꡭϳСʺ۾˼֣˵Ҳǲɵġ
ѧɲǼɵ顣
СʺӣǼʱֽŻ뷽跨Ҫӣ֮ѧṦѡ
ˣͷɥΪʲô᲻ȥʣ΢΢̧ͷգ̾һһڵ
͵ŵȰο˵ġ
ȻԸרıãȲԵĶתͷһƣֿʼĿſշ
ͻȻ𱻴֧Ŀ־塣
զԳЧأúõĵӣ
òٴλΪѯʻСĿʼȥѯŽеķꡣ
ûûħ̽
书ʲôıʲô
Խ˵ԽʮͭǲĺǿԼժһƬҶǷȡⶼ˳뵽һһ
Ȼ񶨵ĻشҲż˵ЩصĶ˵ò࣬ǵʣ༷ˮƵһһ㼷
ûþأ
ɫͰˣ֪㵽ŵСӡ
˴ֻһջҲ࣬ʯ඼øƻǼǲסĴ缷һӡ
չµԻûܴǼΪ˸Сͷлع
ûֵ۰Ͱŵ
ֱּϴ꣬°ѱ̺ãѸϴѧϱĳͼƬĵúʵĴ齡
˵㣬죬˯ң

Сѧűգգ۾޹ҵ˼ǿ˯ǣ˯
СӵľǸɴأ
ûаɫʣֻ첻СĿһ
˵ģȴ⡣
ϳԭѾŴ齷ȥĽŲһ٣ĵ£˱Сʺ󷽲Źõˮȡͼͬʱڵ˵˯
ĿϤϤͼϣƮѰκ㡣
зظŷСʺĴĻ档
ģĪͽ
Ϊһ仰ҲԶˡ


78 
㣡
⻰, ʱˡ
ⴺ̵ģαؽʱ˷ѵͼϣ˵ͼնڿ, Ҳܿ, Ĭˣ
ҹ
Ӧů͵ıǽйΪǲΪ֪Ȥ, գ
뵽⣬´, ϣ첽䵽ԡ
ѸֻСצӡ
һһƾͰѵͼס
ͬʱ˵, ⶼ˶գҲû˼ϴЪŰɣ
ȥϳ뽫ֻסͼСצƿ϶ԷϸűϸļʱĳЩͷٴηӿԺ
ֻĬĬջ֡
ڸŵĴָʳָԾ, Ҳǻζ

ϳʶԼǷǳ׵ľٶ̧ͷȥվԵСʺ
ֻܽźˮ, ڸԼ
㣬һ˯, òã
ɴ£ͼʲôʱܿ, µĽԽ٣ԸԽ͡
ҡ
֪Ϊʲô, ԼõǲշûĲ޷ſմԡ
˿ɲУ
Ǵ㳤þñסȵ, رⷬ, ɱ֪˲ٵܡ
, ȱò, ǵزסܡ
ɶҪԴ飡
Щӻҹҹúôƣٱҳϣ
סˡ
Ҳܱס
˯˯Ҹ֮һһǳԷҪѧȥ
ֱӰֻצת˵ĸ첲ﲻͣðϡŹֵۣʲôԷ˯˵ıҪ˳Ӧܷ
ųţٱʾճϢʽ
֮˼룬ǰѵϴ
ϳĻҵúܣһһ䡮㡯Ľţû취
ֲƿԷ϶Էͷ
ưͣ㵽˴ϣŸϱӻ˳˵ơ
ΪСʺԸܰںڰкúһҵ˼
˭֪
Ÿ²ãѶûůͣһֻСԴʹ˹
㣬Ǹʮ츳С󵽵Ǳ˭ˣ
ںڰգ˫ۣСԴŲͷϣΪԵԼô⣬Ѱ˸ڼ˵һ۾̲ס£ԽԽҪ˯ˡ
ԣ
ϳʲô취ֻ򵥵֮СʺλСѡȥ㿼ȡΪЧ
ۣѡ־ף
ԽԽˣλѡ֮ӣףѡС˵δйġ
µµôһ㣬Ҳ㹻Բľʡ
˫־ű׷ʵȻȻأôȥˣ𣿻ǻȥѧ书ˣ
ҹ
ϳڱȽ𽭺һ׮׮ԲôȤ飬ÿÿ⣬СʺץסؼǸ㣬ټʡ
ֹͣ˼
Сʺͻһ䣬ҹշתǲˡ
ھиŬСʺƽûκн˯˹ȥ
ϳŸһ˫ۻδպϡ
ĳ˫СŰȶϣСԴǹֵꡣ
ⱾҲӦϰߣϾЩҹ˹ġ
κȻԼ˼СʺЩʲô֮ǰһ
ҹܳ
ȴ˯š
ͬߵɲ֪е꣬տûûΣھһֿ̣ʼϳ
ʵĽٵĽ
ԭǵ˵ɴͳڰȰȰ˵
ſӵϼ΢ʯ壬һģ˴Χˡ
Ǽƣ˵˶ûô㡣
Ͱʯһ£С
ÿϳз춼òСʺͬʱ˼𾿾ʯܳžһЩϾɵĳľ塣
˸·ü졣
ϳᣬò˼ʱ˳뵽һһÿն»Сʺ
·ʱھֲȺ˵ǡɫķͽ
ڻڵʦֻ㲻
ƻ¿ǿţͷ·˰㣬һƿ˾ŸŲߴͷð
¹ʰٷˣƻŵͬʱ˳߷ͽֵǮٴŤȥ

ƻᣬ·񣬷ǳ£
ȽַĪм壡
ӽһ·ϣٷһһ׹ھ¿ҲԽԽ
ӿʼʮˡ
ڷ·̶ӰƻƺƵʮˡ
ˡ
·Ҳֹ߲һ֣ڻĽҰĺڵ꣬Ŀŵסȥ
ƻЩԼλ»񲻹˳ģҪЩٷ˸һ¡
ƣⲻ
ٷûˣɢ˴롣
ƻỹǡ
շſĵֹ
⻰һͱﵽ˸
ھﻹҪϾ˳·ϡ
ھӴ·ⷽȻûȨģƺѾƻһˣҲھԭİš
븮ǻ硣
·ϵ˶̶ӡȻҲ˲עĳģر¿
ϰĻڵ˿ջͷڱﲻסˡ
˳ӣ˵㣬ǲ̫עĿˣӦõ͵Щ𣿡
ԣϳӵĴջԺۼһִӹٸļʮˣ˵ƻҪ͵𣿡顿

ðԴۣҲˡ
Ǯƶİ
ֻҪǮ㹻ܲȥ
˻Ҫ˵ƻᣬ˭Ҳ벻йϵΣյĵطȫĵطټЩֲɱԸ·Ҫȫöࡣ
پ⡣
ȻмζҩҪˣ֮ǰ϶ȱҲû취䣬ͷɫ磬ŵִʯ˽֡
ƻнҲ˳ƸӿУգ۵Ĺͷֲ˭˭
ֶΣǵһμҲ̲ס̾
˲ţ˲Ű
ȥҩ궫ϵڳ̯ʵ̫ˡ
⸮ٽϣȻҲĵúܣϵĶ⡣
߿ߣܿͻۡ
ͣĳ֬ˮ۵̯ǰƲŲ
찡
֬ɫҲ󵨵ʱȻϱĻȵ÷ԼţѪɫ
ϱȥǰСҲֻڱԹοں죬Ǯ͵͵֧ɳɫģȵʱ֬ĴˣᷢỳϱӷḻĲױ
лᣬҲ˵£һǿ϶ģ
̯С֬ôȥһĿ˸Ȥ컨׹
ʲôĳСرϲʲô
һٴһ
֮ʲôͶȥҪʹǮ˳۵ģ
ʼ۸񣬲˻еͣ˵˺üޡ
ֵɫ᲻һ
㵱̯ӰͭţѪɫԼͿúƯƯġ
ͺһ󣬲ſԵȴõĵЦѯʵ㣬ңⴽɫòÿ
ѽ
ȫ޸߹С˭أ
ըˣ
ϳֻСʺϵ֬ͬħ˰㣬ԭ۵ɫȫڵ
˵ÿɫĵСʺΪ𪡣
ûԭĺ
̲֡סݺݲøɾĸо
㣡
СʺĴߴ٣ϳֻʵʵ˵ÿǳ˵ǰÿ

ͭԼԸˣغһ
ִĴ֬
ָһĨ䲻ȥĨȥ£ɿ쵷ĳͬ껭ްĺͮͮա
̧ͷһЦ±С۵ĵȾܡ
Ȼûܳɡ
ԴʱȻ˵Ϥ
С
תͷһƣԶվŵģɲӢĴ磡


79 
ƶյһ̼⣡ֱֱȥ, Է϶·ɹʣҸ
鲻ԽЦ
Ӧͣʯ, ͻȻʶ˿̵ĵŮװ
һŻƵȹ, ѡġ
磬Σӡ
, ݲ̫֪ôһ˾ѾǵԴ, ٶϸֳ
Ҫ尡
ò㶼ҸطѵȥǽԼֳûӰҲԣ
ۿŴѾϲõĳԸ첽
æڵǰ, ͼԼ̫ߴνڵסͬʱ˵Ҳʶ㣡
׿΢΢ü˵ЩʲôͿ˾ǵպùϻмϤеŮӡ
ܿ졣
ʶϤԺδ
ģΡ˵, ɲͬδĵ
Ų΢١
׿ɫֱ䣬һʱ侹Ҳ֪µĳ, ֻ𷽲žԷ֡
ò첽ǰ
ҲҿֱֱԼ, ںǳ㾹˺֣˴ݡС㡭
Ŵǿµĳƺ, ɫˣرǡС㡯֡
ŲʶԷϲ
ȴȿ˿ڡ
ط˵
⻰, ֻ˵Щʲôһж͹ա
֪нա
͡ͻǲòõŮװ, Ͼ䳤ɫԻǺٵ, ֻ¶, һץһ׼
ԼµĴ֬ˮ, 겻ĸż˻ص˿ջ
ľһء
׿ع£ľʵĵذܵʵʵһԳܵ
ͷڵأ仰ûж˵
ʮ̬
״հŹϵҲЩ֪úȥδӣҲǣվҲǣŹƺҲ̫ʡ
ԥΡ
ѾߣԼ˱裬ƽʱû𣬾һù֡ޱıģмϲС

úܵٿæԴŲС鲽վԼֳ
Ҳֲôһ·϶ֱݣ͹¡
ⶼԼǰµ
ϳǱ裬δ㽫豭£裬ˡ
˼֪仰ƺǶ˵ģæӦȥȲ衣
˵ŷһ˹ȥ
תߵſڣͻȻϻ֬ٴתѶϣߡ
뿪ǰĿ۹ڵϵֳ
ĬĬ̾ɲһͬʹ࣬ǵ֧˼̫ˡ
ԼǸݰҲܵ˰
ģлҪͬԼֳ˵һʱ֮ҲʲôԴѪ浽Σʱ̣ԼҲضܶ
˭ÿ޹Сôأ
һ׮һ׮
ǵҪɱڵĴܡ
ĬĬ̾
ľţƼʯ໹վſţԷҪİ˿
˵ֽ꣬վ˺һ
ȷ͵ͷκζűˮȻ뿪
Ȳ軻ú˳
ﲻԾð룬ÿһֶѪȶ˿δ
Ϊ˷ֹԼ˼룬Сڰҩľ˴˺Щҩݣҩ
Ѿõòֱ࣬ϵûȬ²ѪѪҲѾ㹻Щҩ˴ҩҲС
ҽľôࡣ
ǵ£ֲȥ򣬽żֺߴӾ˴֪ηȷҲˣѾǾԼŬ
ʱ仺š
Ҳ֪ȥãҩѾãˮˡ
ѰСȲ裬һҩһòĻصǰҲֱŶ롣
ʱڵˮݸʯ̧֣࣬š
ણºûӦ
ʱҲˣԭżԽԽ̣ҲԽԽ٣·һٵȲҪŶ롣
ҪҲͲסƿʱ֨ѽһľŴˣ̧ȥҲϴǾ

ʲô£ᱻԷѹȸʮãھͣһЩ
硣
СлţѸٴʯֹĳԷЦЦ
󿪿˵ˮţͷһá
ɹԿͣˣֻȥգ
Ƿ绹꣬ɣȻģ̤ʵܾʲôʱԴͲڲϣԸҲһ٣
׿ӹԼŵĲȴԸ֣СǸԹɵģȴð֡
Ҳˮ̫̣㲻
æһȥ벽öԷȽȥ
ȡý׶ʤҲĴ磬Цſ첽ķȥ׽һȵġ㡯ߣ־òףæ¡
ֻӲĳɣúҩˡ
ССĴҲҡǿࡣ
첽ǰѲҩ£תͷЦųȥ˵ЩʲôɲɾͶǺͮͮİգеκ

Цݲͱס
Ҫ߸߹ԴϣҪЦ
Ϊ˷ֹԼʲô׵ľٶҲҪЦЦҪ޲޵ı鱻
æתķȥ
װҩĴ룬ͬʱѹǲʱ˵Ц⡣
ȵҩ־ϴ£ѾǿֹˮˣҲǲ̧ͷϵߡ
ϳææµµСʺƶԷɫЩ֣㳯׿㵭˵ҷ˵ǰȥɡ
ǡ׿֮⣬㹰˵ȸˡ
ЩǵƳԼá
ԥãǶѹ˵ӣϡĪҪݣϴãԣ㲻ٷ

һ˶ɵˣͷĶǵŴȫ˭֪Է־ôһ
ϴã
ҵˣӷġϳ伸֣вãȴҲû˵Щʲô
ֻ˰֣ʾԷ¡
״׿ؿ˸ͷŵҩĹٴθ˾øʾԷæ
֪ܲԼ˷Խ
õģ볼ӽ̸ľٶ
ԽطܱҪġӵ棬ʱɱ̫ණҪҪ֪ԼǷܻŻصǣϾŮӴģ
Ҳײˡ
ɲ֪ԼҴ羫ԴﶼЩʲô˺ü۵ֻĪ
ֱ
ֻʣתͷɫȴŰĵӣźִ֪еζ

ôˣʲôӵ£Ĩϵ֬ҶԷûаֲأ
Ծ˯˯ñѵı磬и紵ݶ
οɫ磬ֻûԡ
˼Σ̹״ӿ
ߣסԷֱۣԹĶŶԷ˫ǧӰ
˵㣬л˵⻰˵ڣ᲻ˣָһʱܽлϵĽ㶼Ҫջء
⻰ϳĿ͵һ¡
ӭСʺߣŶԷǴŻЦСϵ
м޵ڴ


80 
Ҳ˹, ĿްмַģҲȶԷڡ
ӳϿңĿҲᷢᶨ, ˵, ⻰ǲò˵ٱֹ, ҲƲԼ
̵档
ŵȲ裬ִӻͳӡ
̧ͷСĿƳ۵, 㽫㵹Щϣ̧, ʪȵӰڵϡ
ֱǰĵ΢ͬӯӯͬʱ쿪˵㣬ĨСС֬, һֱ˲
½֬ϡ
˵֪ⲢС£, ³ͻȻáҲǹġ
˵˵, ⴹµԴҽǲ֬Ҳ˳ƴ˻
Ŀĺȷ
ǽʬ, õû취֪ǰԼǰǶôôĺ졣
Щϳ˶ˣþûӦ, ֻԼ·źĶ˼֡
ԭΪ
ϳЦЦ, Сʺּģ, ֱӽڶԷϥǼ, ǲص߽Ƕûµ, ˵Ӹҡ
⡭ûʲôÿģ֬úܣֱȥ˾СԾվܡ
Ǵס
ȴѰ·
Ĩ֬ж죬ֻҪ۾ϹĶƵĳõˣԼҪ꣡
ϳͶԷǰվľٶٴЦ
һ죬ס˶Էĺ졣
˵ôôˣ
㣬ҴˣϴٶԶôѸ٣ʹԴֽɿͬʱ˵ҲӦڽһӦڽϣҵĴ
ϡ
ӣ治ܿ
ϳ͸ǰС꣬ԽǡӣԽǲĹԷ
ǣ˵ǰ
û뵽Ϊô£
ԽԽ£ɶ˲֪Ȧӣһǣ͵ڰ˦ȥ
ۿȥ
ԭذ׵ޱȵʺ죬ǲӵС϶մ˺ۡ
ģϳԼϵҲһ
ɻʲôҪ˵
ŵŭĻܾöԷѯʲôƵġ
ԽΣԽ侲
СԴ룬ԼǿƾͷȵĽһ¡
֧֧˵֬ȻЩܳ˷ɫڽϿɾԲӹףֻ˰Ҳÿĺܡʿ˷ۣ㲻ϵ֬Ҳʧϡ
Ŷ𣿡
ϳקӵͬʱסǾɵ°ͣԷʹԴֱ̧˫Ҷ˵ã
̧ͷգգۣԴ°ͱֻգգ۾
뿪ڡ
ȴ˵ǡͮͮĴ
εĺ죬ɱϴҪΧö࣬ȾñǶǣҲ֪ΪɫҲδ֣İѪ
ĵõǸճСϴƵġ

̣ȴ̲סŬƲȴЦ÷ǳ
ͼ˵Щʲô
һڣ̲סЦͬЦѨ㣬ֱͣɿǣ֣ŶӣЦ۽Ƕ⡣
״ϳüͷ΢壬̧Ĩգ̯һİ졣

Ҳö˵ˡ
ʲôӹףʲôϣɶٵòټ١
ǸСƭӡ
صŵЦ£ⳡޱȵΣǻˡ
㣬ˣˣ֬ûҪĨôġ
ŵͣ֬ҪǮƵСĨȥĶֲڰͲסְѵƣڨڨЦ˵֬Һϲܲܣ㣿
ԲǾԸȥˡ
ǵɫţ
ϳֱɽСƭצѹ£ָϵ֬ĨҰĵط˵Ѿӽ̯λϵ֬£òصǣ಻ؽʡ󷽷ñˡ
졣
ֱСƭĽëֲתָԷ°ͣζ˵ƣÿĵ÷ɫҲӹףͦϵġ

õѧˣǰٻĴȥĶ˻
⻰໹ӡ
ѵĳλѧ˵ģڳĬбڳĬű̬Ŷ
ʱ磬Ҳóȥ÷ˡ
ϳջ֣תߵߣޱСƭϴɾذӲϵ֬
ԣﳤ̾˿վ
ͷɥĸڵ
ĬòԼȡ
һٷ
˻İǲƵĴԼѾɳˡ
Ƕ𣿲Ƕ֬Ƹ
ЩС⣡ڲͣĶŶţȻҲϰˡ
СҲڿҲҪͣ˶ΨҶѰ
գѾܷǳƽԵױƲ˵ҲԼİ
ɫ΢
¿ʮ̹˴
վڲԶĴЦЦԷᷢ죬ҲûֹͣЦݡ
ӳ˸ǺͿʼͣŵ˵ϳر
м䲻ͣš㵹ǿҡ
˵ôܲأǰ֪˻Ϊʲôëأϰ߲ãøģ
ʲô㣡ô˵ֻôˣԶŵ˵֬ҪĲ죡ͱ죬һ죬һʱһ㶼У

ϳСʺ簵죬һʲôʯͷԼĽš
Сƭӷ·ǿƵġ
˵Ŀ泩òˣٴԴǶ췢ԼԻԣȵŵĸ첲ٴŶԷ˵﷭ҳĶԹ
麣ࡣ
úüһµĶȥ
ں۲ǸʲôܣֲɴǣΪʲôҪȥأ
ûûε˵죬ԭҹﶼ˯Դûôʱȥϴֻź
ۿԼҪڡ
мֲˣϾѵøӵı飬ǲ
ԤͣĵطǸƫƧС
ӻûӣԶԶļʮŰ뿪ˣСг
ģȲҲǳС
Ϊ۵ǣסʮ˵һһСͷС
ھֱס·Ҳֻͣ¡
Ҳ¿̽ԴȥƣƲ֪һƣͿϺиСУ
Ӵ
ɽ߻ʵԶġȿȣʵ۲ԶǸݴʡ
֮شⶼϣɲԵ
æסӣָϺиС˵㣬쿴˭ⲡеþˣ
ҽ˽⡣
ǿա
ǵøβУϺڣ˵ҩԱϹڻָÿ죡
˷ܵŵ³ȥס
Ƴ䡣
ΧವðЩˣסȥ·һֱ¿ƻ״Ҳ˲ܳЩǰͬʱ˫ĨͶ˵
ҲǼˣŵʹܣκԸϰ书ûУʹûܰŲ֡
ۿ˫Ҫ֡
Щ·˺Ȼͨͷ׷׹ơǶ뵽ͷĽǶȶһģһ
ɰΪѵĬƻᶼˡ


81 
קŵĻҲЩ, ԼԼֻʶĸо
ɲʶ
ǰʱƻᱻҲô롣
Դת˺óʱ䣬ƷӦ, ȫڴĳ˼˵Ĵ̿ͺм˵İ
˵, ˼Ҳû·ڵ, ȴ̿ͻǹЩ
ϳƻ˴˸ƣʾǰѷǵ, ֶȺŵİ̧С
ɲǼĹ
ֻӭ洵磬ǰͶ˸ü˳ۻԴİ
ŸշӦ
קŵĵ̧ķȥ, ҿҲûʲôģŵһ߹ȥ
£ְصİ㿪ʼŵԼĻ㱨, лŴļܰ顿
ͷˮ
Ųʱ䣬, ̧ͷҶ죬͵͵ٵͷƿ֦
ֱ˵Ϻǰͷ·, Ŵ˸飬ĬĬԼǲС䡣
ζԷûЩֵֹİ, 㱨Ҳ
˵ǰͷСͻȻ˶ֵļ, кĹͲ˴, µĹֲӵٶҲǳ졣
ֲҲ, ϴ˶Żµ֢״
ʦ֪̿º, æ·ǰ, Ѱ˵İЩܵȵðϡ
ǰЩŴСٽֳӣǸֲֹӡ
ʦʱȰЩ˻ӡ
Щʱһˮ鶼ûܺúýƴȾӡ

ǰ̫С
üͷ΢ĵЩĶԷïܵͷܲԴϳŸʮꡣ
ϺеȰ衭
˵ʵã˾ûмģǰǷ·ס
Ȼ
²ϺвûȰɹ㱻˴
ҪǰѸ£⼸ҲǹǺ
ϺҲûа취½Уò·
Χ۵ھֳҲȰƴճ˹ֲ飬ͷʦϢٺúҪĵǼԭ·ǰС
˽߲ͷҲ뼸졣
ŰҲ㱨ϣͷϺиСҲÿ·Ҳô룬קŵͳϺȥ
ͬʱ˵ⲡ治ȥ㿴Ҳܰġ
µԼγʲôë
˵ҩҳԣϱӿŵʱǿٳҩιң
ûôţⲻһ˵߲ͻȻͶԼҽϸҪϱӣ֤ҽָΡ
ڿҪӽϺʱȻ͵ͣ˽ŲҽҲסˡ
ԶԶϺУüΡ
ſŸҵİС磬ѯʵо𣿡

ҡͷԣһȡ϶Ӻŵӡ
ܵͷô˵ûأ
ͷӰʧ
̶̼ٴγ֡
ףĳʦһ˫ֳʺϡ
Ȼ֪뿪⼸ӶȥЩʲôҲĪһȡֵϰѹեԱĸо
ӹƺ󣬾ԼбҪ˵ЩʲôһԱ
ǿ˵ţĲ
˵꣬ɿקŵ첲֣Ѿƺ򿪣һϣɿ쳯ϺиСзɱȥ
ͬʱϵľƲãĶϡ
ΧһһСת˺üȦֱƺҲΣԶھȺҲ˵ʹ
ҵľưĸɱǧҵľƣ˶ӸңƿǼֵʮĽư

ֱƴˣƼСѾĬƮԼߣæѾƺ׸ԷҲ鷳һ뽻˶Է
Űٴ뿪
ʲô¶ûæקŵܵϺиСǰ˵ʦƣˣ
ܿ죬մʦѰ˴ŵĵطŵ˿ڻδȬ㵽ƫԶЩ󣬸˿ڡ
ŷСƺһֱͷҿ
ţԸϻŨ޵ɫʣʱҲ˾һһµĴСеתŷצצ
Ŀ˵Сôѽ̧̧ͷѽôòͲľ𣿡
ֱСжӷ
û֣ͣԹ˼ֿĿǻ˵㶼֪ͷ˶ٿ࣡ǱˮߣڻĽҰ⣬ûмǮӰ࡭
˵˵ţͳ˶αٴʪذӡ
鰴˰ûа۽ǡ
˫Ц⣬ҲҲұģ
δСҲ֪ĵնͻСƢҲã㱻Ūǲ¡
һҲЩˡ
˫ʮϵź̧ͷ˵ʩ̫ѹһпѶĿ飬Żɳ
⻰ŵһһ׵ģԸ𣿡
СԼӣ̧ͷֱֱԷ
˭֪СоȻæֵͷǱŵòӡ
ǣʦ˵ġ˫۽յСеǰȫǴɿתķϡ
ԣüͷ΢壬ֻ鲻򵥡
Ϻ˵ʲô˵һжĿ飿Żɳ
˼ˣֻڰʱϺɹɵҩݡ

Ҫ˵ûаǾԲܵģ
Сͬҽʦ˵ЩʲôѽǺƭСĻƵġ
ȻСȴûף˫˵й¶
һָСйԴСһȻͲҲִúܣҲʲЩʲô
˿ڵҲЩҾ֪СFΪʲô̧ͷңѲʲôħֲɣ
Сü
ԥã׼˫ֱۣ˫һ鶯Ц˵ʩģħҲˡ
գĶԷţæٴοڣӷ𣬳˲ڿ

Цݽʧ߳īߺڣСдҲСմȾϺеĳЩĬ
Ĭ
ֱֵ꣬ǣƫǰǾ䡮ǳ˵֡ǰӦˣ
ͬʱ
˿ڵϳҲСƭӻʺѵóԱģЦһ
ع񣬲žմʦǰ
תͷȥö˫ҿеһƫͷܿ
ʱ仺š
ԶڸСԼǺδԶƯһһ䣬Ʈ
Ƿ紵Ҷ϶΢Χþδɢȥ
ϳĬá
ǰ֮˲ǹʦ׳вȱٵʦ
֮˶ࡣ
֪Էοޱȡ
ǰι
ϳӭϳմʦδƶֵߣڵǻʺޡ
ƽȴޱȼᶨ


82 
⻰, մʦ΢΢ףȫ׵ĳ룬쿪ڣá
ƵԶੲݸСбŵϡ
Ц˵ʩ, ȴǼΪͨ͸Ȥ֮, أת, ۽һ֮ĸ, Ҳһ
˵꣬մʦվ
һźЩѺ۵̴ľ, Уͬʱڣϳ¶ģƶɮҲٶ˵⴮鱾Ϊƶɮʩ֮, ȹ٣ʰش, ת㡣
ͷ
˵߻СţҡͷԱʾԼģֻױݿ, Ȼѿϱߡ
FСҲССԴǴɻ, ȴΪᣬҲ粻Щʲô
, ֻס˫Դ
һðĳλƫɨҶʦֶ˵üֱ̫, ɽŮ˿ɶǹִĴϻ
ʩھͺֻ˫ͨĴϻ
ۿСӱܰģ, ҲòֹͣԼ, ѺԱ, ˰ѻСͷתСַ
ƵϺ߳
Ҳ첽ŶȥƳƺŸʲôûӦͼԷصİѶһƣ

ǿ˿ڻ𣿻Сˣ
ҲС£ܵϺԣһһ俪ʼѯŵơ
ٲԻԼЩҩûë
ɱ˵ðѪȷʵκãȴĸãоŸԴ
ȷϵûʲô£ֻǲСıЩͷ
˿
Ѿȥ˵𻰣СֶҩԽ˫̶ӸƻҲԶúܡ
ЦеĿϺС
С˵ʦѽʦǲ֪»£
ʩγԡ
ѽͱװˣǣôɺʹŰأ
ѹüС̬Цݶ·ˡĶҲȻش𣬼ָҩ˵ҳǰҰҩߣԤһɣ֪ҿɻúܣң˵˵ʵ
ԣմʦЦЦųʩֺαʣ
ʶ
ϺоڸȦӣȻҲϣǷŵߵֶˡ
ͨ˻Уôʱе㲻̫
Сһ塣
Ϻɲص֪»ϱһզ죡ҼȻõЩ޴ڵİҲӣ϶Ҳܲµ֡
ˣɸġ
մʦ֪ǰľʩǲ׷һѯʵ֪ʩοϵ߲֮£
⻰ƲƲ죬ôԵתƻ⣬Ϻǰòᡣ
˵ĺһӹൽһߡ
һô۾£
մʦҲգֺǺǵЦЦŲߵǰ
˵ʩϻ˫ҲܿЩ˲ͬĶʩᵽĴȾԤ֮£ƶɮѸЩǵò֪ʩܷٴδͽ̣
Сͷǻúܣ
ССԹһ䣬Ϻȫ׵ü룬׻ǲģڵ⴫ȾأϵȲᣬȾɷֺ֣ܶͨ䴫Ⱦ̸ֻĹ򣬶Ⱦ
֪ҲǺȫ档
Ҫϱȥǰȫ򱬷һδʹȾԼЩ˵
ϺǰӵĴ㣬Ҳò˵ϸЩȥԤ
ϿǱģǲǺĴȾֶ򵥷ֿݵķ֮һ
оרŸۡ
ʱ£·ѭáֻܽ´þƻǴ׻ǽݹ˵
Ȼ
ŵѡȻǾƣʱҲǼϡΧƵʹǷǳѵġ
͵ϺзѷģܲܵЩҩʲôģŷˮ˵Ч

һڣͼûôͣ¹
ƫϺҽѧʮúܣĳ㣬ʮ⡣
ﶮ
Ķȫ˵˳ãҲֻʾԼû֪ⷽʶ
麣ࡣ
ϺһһѯʼΪ֪ʶ
ᵽЩϳĲף֪ľô࣬˵춼ưˣҲû취֪࣡
ֻԼϱ΢һЩա
ΪϺбץмҲŪⲻţת˵ι߲ܿڰյ
֮صķͬһ򣬲Խٷһ룬ʣЩûκ֢״Ҳܣ̶ϼɡ
ƣܹ۲첡仯
ҪǣԷֹȾӡ
Ȼһжǿƹǰᡣ
ϱЩܹ˶ͷ䲼ӷ
Ⱳûİա
ȻҪ
ҪǿҲ١
˵˺ôһѣ棬һˮ߲пˮء
ϺΪʲôء
㻰һת
ĳ̸֮¶²裬ڵǧ
ãСﶼܿˮ֮ҵȶʵڲĳλ˱ǹЩիλƵĺУһ⻰̲ס̾
и˹æ˵䡮ȥȸȲ
ˡ
ûīˮټֻܺ˵˵ҳ
򵥳ԹٴĵĴ̶ҲƵȥЪһ

̶Ӻ׹˺ЩεСβͣ¿ҲϺиСС
ʱ˺͡
ٴαϺпʼɺ༷Ҳˣ򵥻ش𼸾󣬾ͽҵ㶫˸λá
ôڰˡ
ƻ±ϼȾͨն˺ü֡
ϼϼСкͮͮԴԵϺ۵ĽʱҲܲ
ա
һζ
ʱ̶ӱ˽ӡ
εǸС
˶࣬ջֻ䡣
ܵİʱ˼ڿջڵ񷿣Ž⡣
ҲǳӰóʱ䣬뿪˰Ρ
Ҳûô⣬ϺڴŹԼЦſʼѯϺиһ·ȥʲôط
Ÿ˼
ѵ˹ͨĽ̸ͳҸдԡ
ֻɫССĵȴҲʱĵźܴĲ
ӲҪ˵ǸԻˡ
תͷȥŵڸЩʦԼ˴һ˵
ս
֣ʾȥ
밮ǰЩӲͽ̶ͬɢ²òװУλչˣ񷽲ŵȵӦӡ
ϳǰ̧һ
ߵߣĿ⻹еãСʺ󣬿ڻŶ
գգۣһʱ䣬Ȼûڽ˭
ŵھŵ
ֱϵ˫
ź֪ӦǻеİǵľŶڡ
ʱ䣬Сͨ졣


83 
Ǿùֲ˼, ˼ҵòײôһϷźϷ룬Ȼûڵһʱܽϣ
ң
ƺС, ȻҶǡСŶĽ, ôƮƮġûڵһʱ䷴Ӧ̫Ӧˡ
Ȼ
ʵͷҲôһ
һ㡣
ɿҷʡ
ǲ˼ģ, һ㽿ߵ¡
ѧžЩҹľֹλʦԼ˴ȫ˸
ͬʱ˵лλչ, һ·ʵ鷳ˡ
֮˵µĽ裬, ͬЩõĴС㿿£
ѧɣģµǼ򵥡
ϾЩӴҲ٣˵ˣЩ, ˭˲ǳš
Сڻǲ⡣
˵ҲйòЦ, ĬĬһվ
С졣
ĵޱ壬ͬǰ
ǵġ
ʾغ, Ҫȥ·̲ͬС
ȵȡ
֮, һͲھͬС
ʦ˶ʾ½⣬ѯǷҪһǮ
˵ʵ, ·ûαݵķޣ״αͽٵʱҪá
ϸ, ǶԷƻỤһ·
ϳȻǮ, ҲֱӾܾ, ֻ˵Ǯͬĺھֽѡ
ܿ, ¾Ļ
û˻ϳаŮװݣŶԷװϾǻȻı顣
ֻܽ˹鹦ڵ̬̬İŮװƾò˵ŮٻװҲܵŮࡣ
ôһҲѹֵӲŮװ϶ڣϴαײǵȻޱȡ
ԽǴ󷽷˻ȥɣڣ˱й
˴඼ˡ
ԴˣѾгֵ֪
̹̹
ְǿԷ·ĿãҲᱻ󵼡
ǰʮꡣ
Ҳδɹݡ
ڰºɽ񵽵ǰֱ·ǰһ룬Ҳйɻ
ټ٣ټ档
ǵľñҪԶ
ڰİ¡
˵һ䷿ֻӵеʱ΢һ㡣
ܿ죬԰޴ŵɣٴķ䡣

ô죬Ҳ˯˲ֹһΣһ죬ֲǺС
˼Ҹ߸ϵĵ⡣
ɶģ
±ۡ
һ͵ʱϢ̫ЩȻȫһ̾ѹ
͵˫ۣ㷭𴲣뵽ҹ˵Ҫͣһա
ǣֻ
˯ǼҸ顣
֪ʱȥԵıѸˣҲ޹˼ɣѱӰ뱧ڻУֵԺٴ˯ȥ
ٴѹѿ쵽磬Ҳʵ˯ȥϴ
ԺӵʱպںϺн̸˶࣬㲻ŵƸ·ȥ
û뱻ۼϺƵ
һᣬԷ֡
ʩѧţ
Ÿ߽ϺųЦе˵š
Цݼִ顣
ƫͷ˼ֽƻ

ǣѹե¿ƼʱûЯ֪ʶĺˡ
Ĭ
ڵǰֵóĬƽƽһ㡣
ϺÿÿѯʹĿĬòڻشһ
˷Ҳ֪ȥöԸ֪õ
ǾǮư䲼񣬡Ӷƻˣʹʱסôпܱ߲С
ϺС
˭ҲȰߣϳڣɽ㣬ơ
ϺбȰöˣЦſڶԵ˵ʩǻۣպҪƶɮͻȻзҩδɣиˡ
˵ꡣ
Ҳȴ𸴣첽뿪ԺӣصЪϢѷһأ˳ľ˨
ǽɵģ
ǲ˵˶Է֮ꡣ
ϳҲûа취ЩԷȰû뵽ϺŶû
ʳСж˽ȥġ
СУֻǡʦо𲻵ÿС

оǸýڡ
ƽãլҲã΢˽öá
Ȼ𾴵ĹʦҲ⡣
ϺûȰɣҹǵ˵ڶбĴŮ١
Ůһͨڵϣͷ
Ű˰֣췣
¡
ưƮʧΨϤĴŮٻڵϡ
سºͷū澻顿
õҲôأôŮٻǷǳ˵ģ˼أ
ڳ׹ˮ顭
ʵܴζϣҪȥôӢۣ˭֪Ӣûɣǳԧ졭
дҲû̶ȡſڡ
΢΢ףҲ˵˵ͬһ췣ɡ
Լǳ顣
ôһ˵ȸ˵ӣҲŮôͷĻᣬȻҲöԷ︺ȥ١
û˵Ļȥ췣
ŵŮͣδ𣬾ʧ
Ĺעڵˡϡ
͡
άֵûͦõģ˶籾
ԵĲᡣ
ʵԵܲóС޵ĸо
ĪĶ
ޱȥ˱ˮܿ죬Ҳˮһ
Ƿˡ
ŻŵĶһһΡ
ûûεܿͽݵԺ
Ůٺһ˱㿪ʼ̻ؾ
¶룬Χ˺ЩƻӶָ֡
ӡ
˼ɣ·ҲʲôطƫƧǿݾʲôطȥ
һС˵Ṧõĸ̧ŽڻɽҰƯߵĸо

ʣʾǾԼƮˣҪ֦ܿҶԼ޹ķСҪקСľӣԷԼȥ
ܽʮ֡
Σնģ£ͬɺϡ
ͷѡҲĺܲĸӶڵʻţٵҪȫúܡ
ָṦٴ򻢵ľѧ¡
һֻ죬ҹ̸ϵĳˮĴǰˮԱ֮ǰǸ߲١
üͷһֻ鲻򵥡
ӡ
ô
Ȼ
ֻܻŵİƮȥ̤ˮһ·ľ
˵Ҫиŵܡɡ
ûб⻹滹˼ˡ
ûΥǲ
ٴˢṦ֪
۾ͭ塣
ľСϵ۾գգ˫ֽקסӡ
ڴֺ¡
ֱ
ˣβ׹ӡŮʱš
֣ص˵ͷ
£˶ŵ˫ȣߵŮԱߣſ˫֣׼ˣɣ
ҷɣ
䣬һֻͻȻס
ͷȥԭǵ
Ҵ㡣ϳ˵
⻰գգ۾ĬƬ̣ſ˵ãþȽϺʡ
ӡ
˫ʵ̫Σգ
ͬʱίȰ˵˻ûãҪøֺЩĴɡ
÷ȡ
ٴˮ


84 
͡
ôӿĽ, ȥֳֿ
˸ӵɲǳǿʱ򣬻רҵʿȽϺʡ
Ȼ
ԲǲŵýԼǳɫ书
ֻǸԷһˮ
Ӱ΢ô, ҵǰˡ
ɾǧĪҪִ̫, ֪书ǿ, Ҫ¡
ٴǿš
Ҳ˲û᲻˺ǹޱȵģĬĬ, ŻɾŮٷȥ
˵Ҳõֽ, ӱض⡣

Ůټ״ֱԣֱת
ʲôû
λӵ飬ɲССūͿԲ, ˵ܻøá
ŮٵĶ, ĬƬ̣Ⱦȥ׷
ȲŸȥأ
ֱϳס, ץŶԷǿ
һա
˵ؿϡ
ⳡϱӵĵӰӾÿܻᱻͷתȦ¼Ƭ, ҪΨжΨ
˿̻ΪԼֻ˾ס, һᣬͱᵽ˻
뷨ｻ֯š
һʱ侹Ҳû취ֳָռϷ硣
˼š
ͻȻϵȵɤ
Ϊ޲Уϳƽ, е֮ȴôڲס
һ, ǳ, , ղõġޡĳˣ
ʵҲǹҪܾġ
ֻȫһ
ΪԼһ㣬ѵд
С
веģȥôôɫʡ
ط
ûôΧۣǰҲûӿĺ
ն΢ƽƼ֡
ô˵ɲ˼ͣһЦ
æ˵ֱ˶δȬɲ˶һǲ仯
𣿡
ϳƳۻϵСʺһһ·Ϊ롣
ڲ˿
š
Сƭӹǻֶպġ
ϳƵѾľȥĽϣ˵治ڵԼٴ׹ˮ

ĬԣһʱҲ֪ô𸴣ⶼֱӵɲû˼ˣ
״ϳٴһҲûټȥ
֪ܲСƭӳ˵ǻ׹ˮ⣬书ҲֵûȤա
ǰǴ׹ˮ
ʵϳǿԴˮԭҲСƭӲЩִﰶϡ
ˮʵ̫١
ˮִӿ֮Уֻ½СƭӰԼϡ
ˮ֮ﲢֻ࣬ˮתζһʱ죬ͷװĳƮˮľ޴ųûʶ
вۼ
ϳûҪͬСʺ𣬱ûڣ֪ڶԷУ֮书Ů
˿̵ɲ֪еֻ㰲ԾԾҪΪԼϿĵ
Ǿ仰ֻһ
ǧЦûҪûҪ
˳ë䣬ƽ˵ɾṦ飬ʲôʱ򶼿Ȼصôɣôɡ
Ÿ˵롣
Ȼϸּ⣬ֱǡɡü
Ϊˣ
ǵģֱշ
ɸ֮ǰľϸоȫȫһ
ֻԼһգûκģֻŵһ˫֣ԭط죡
Υֻ¡
ʯ䣬ʹֽŲãͬѽ˵ϡ
۾ҲԴ˲ûмؿڡ
֮ࡣ
ĴԽԽѣʼ˼Ҫ÷˫ʧܣܴܲŵٴ˻ؾ
ϸԼЬֽﻹмǮԴϵƷܻϼ
ĥЩԼϱӵӾӰЩɵŮ̫һ
Ϊʲô˼ҵĽžŵŮ
ȷʵһΨ§ڵϣȴǶֱ϶Էϸ

ӵʱҲܶݡ
ڴʲôͷûƮµһôҲһô̡
ŵӴ̽ԴṦӽǵĺˮ
Ȼ͸ооƨϵֻɿˣ
ɿˣ
ŵΪˣڵϵ˫ȼеøŲӵҲš
þ̵άӰӦ˵ơ
ϳŻŵöǴ˫ͬھСƭӣڵˡ
ŵһʼû˵Щʲô
ȵΧˮӿƺûôź֪׵̻е˼

ݣͬ㣬ӵ
ڨڨЦ˵Ȼô͵˺Ӷ԰书ǣ´λǲҪðյˡ
ŵ͵һٿȻҲĳЩССȰ档
Ǻӱߵķ̫
ֻ֮ǸƮƮᡣ
ڸ·;УҹռķȴһԲı
ˡ
ǻأҪУаȣȻԼҲûʲôΪѵĺɡ
ǡ
ѰһܸӴʱ䣬ʼľ书䣬ԡ
ԤƵ
ĵڻһʼĳĬ䣬ٵڡ
С˵
׵ľǱλʺ
ϧʵ΢һܿڱ˾ʵ
ҹ̣˯Сĸ·£һ뾩ԽԽ
ٷɽ
ܼȥҸ߸ϵĻʺˡ
˼֮ǣֻжɵ֮ƣ֮컹û˹
Իµıѡ
Ժ۾ڴߴЬࡣ
˸㷭˴ּ򵥻·ױ̨ǰŮٽ
Ȼ
ȽĲϤŮ٣ǲҶδġ
ʺû°ɣƣûпŻˣ
˵߰ӢüͷǶҪ
е㲻׷ʲô˾ͱܲãȻˡ
״ϳüͷ΢壬ֱĵСʺ˫֣ͬʱڵ£񡣡
˵˵
ϰ߲ãøġ
üı飬ǵĲ£ʶ̫Ծ
أ
ﲻһĵǼҴʺ
ֵԴ̵ĸо
ʾȫ֪飬Ҳʲôû
Ҳ̫ˣȥΣյܴһŮأ£Ǻã
ĿֵĵЩˡ
ԭͲֱӳֱ״ֱʡ


85 
⻰, ĬĬΪʵǡű´ȥġ
Ȼһʼܹ
ǵ׻ǱŰʱϣΣҲѾֿǹҲԼĸѡ
˵ʵϡ
뵽, ˵ʵǺ˳, ǻس̵ʱһСС⡭
ֱתͷڻһת, ֱ̫ͬʡĵĻʺϡ
ҲǣҪδ־, ˳ްԶ½, ľͲ𣿡

ָָôСԴ
Ļǲܵġ
ţҲֻǼ̿Լ׹ˮʱš
³˵ССС⣬Ҳͦģ鵽ڽһǧĿ, ǧĳΡ
˽¡
鶼еĻʺᵽĿ֡
Ȼ
ֿ϶ܶŵֳ
ȻԷ˵ְĻ׻Ϊ, ɲº˵ġ
ǣ֪ˡ
´λҡ
´εĻ
, ҲԾͼ֣ѧ뾩йŮӴ, 빬λݸƲֱȨ͸ɻͬӴ
ʺģǸ
Щ, ʺá
㲻ҪΪá̧СԴҲԻվŸ˵ĵ, æŵ˵㼱, ضű¡
⻰Ÿ˵롣
ͷǳʵĿڴϵĵ
ֱ㽫ſڵϵĵ, ȥģ

ѻͷ, ˭֪ôֱ
ֱʵ۵Ӷ
ֻܿڨڨЦ˵û뵽α¡
ֲܻ⡣üͷ΢壬ڣǻʺҪཡ壬عɲиˡ
һϵЦݶʼӲˣԽܽ嵫սޣĴɲء
Ҳ˲õ
õɲħĽ壬Դӵ˵ġཡ塯
æֳס°ڣҲʲôǲǣ˵㣬֮ʱɼã빬ҪȥæµѲ
ʺﲻõģɶΪֵɾڶ֮Ȼյݽ
ŵϵ棬Ҳ֪ʱԸġ
ʱ䣬ҡ
Χȫ̵ϳЦСƭӣֿʼ˵С
ϧ˽Ĳ¡
ǰʯͷԼĽš
£͵͵ЦЩʲôתͷֱֱǲ⣬ɻѯʵ顿

նʱý
õʺͬʱƿԣĿǰΪֹҲΨеһˡ
ǵڱʾʱЩ·عŽⳡڵ˵ֵֹİ
һֻ˲յʱͷɽٰվ˾
ЩƻйӶָվͽ˻ˣвȻʶϵĲԾϰ߻йصǲûȥ̽˳ְкۼĥ
ǺʲôҪ
ϵĻʵֻۣҪ䲼ҽ󽻸ͣûйϵ
š
Ǯ׬ã㹻
ϳһƻᣬȻ˽ⲻˣðȥβҼȥάʹùļݡ
عǱһС̧ȥģҪ̫ãҵ
ܵøʱ˽һ¡
õĳĵƵġ
ţںû㼸յƵҹɫ£Ůٰŷ߸ߵĹǽ˲ʱ첽ƴ롣

Լ޹·͸Ƶġ
о档
վȣַʾĴŮ٣Ӱڶ
ûӦ
һһģһŮ˾͹ڵϣͷμӻʺ
ǰˡ
ʶ㵽Ů󣬻ӦٶЩҲ밲
תͷŴŮ١
˺ðΣſѯʵ⡭
治ǻͷ
ƤߡŮ˵꣬ʶ˵ŵʺ󣬼ôƤơ
ĬĬͣ˵СѾǰڵϵŮӣ˵̧ͷ
Ŵæһۿʵڱŵòᡣ
ȻʲôƤ¼õҲƤúÿǲô棡
ԣڵϵİ̧ͷֱֱǰԶĻʺ۾գҲ
ڶԷʱҲ֡
ԶԶȦէÿȥȷʵ񣬵ϸͻֶᷢԷûô鶯
Һܶ෽涼ϸ΢
룬˵ģһ±
ЦվһЦְӺݻ߸ϵģ
ȥ˵м
Цƽʱ죬ǹ߸ϵı飬Ҳͭϰ޼
ûжʱӲĲż˶Ͷʱ
öԷԼ
Щֹ̬ȵģ·վӡ

ԽԽЩ}ûš
ҹģҲټȥڰ־˸ˡ
û
紵΢΢ڶϹŵ˾ʧ

һеķٶȡ
Ůٵĸ첲˵ĺܲãְҵǳߡ
Ůò󶮣֪ʺڿް㴹׵ҵȻӦӱŬ
ŮٳԼݣٴŮٵļ
ܵİ֪ñŬ
˼ˣ˵úøɣǶйδ

ǵס
ŮٲûнӻŻʺȥϴ
ˣųˡ
ǿɲԼ¡
ϴ˸裬ϸɾﱻŮͷɽıѡ
ﻹ
еôҲûôӵˡ
£Ͳ֪硣
ա
컹û˹ɵӣǸ׼ʱ
˻
ȴŮ
ԭôգڹһֱزԴӰ»ҹ˲
ֱڡ
أһơ
ҲǲѶΪ֮
̫ʶ˽ƺá
ֻм˻Ӧȥ
ɼһ󹬵ɣ˭˾ĳϻ춼˲俴
οǼûٷ֮ٵġ
ֻܳƲ
þˣòز
ÿζֻԶԶ˿ţǸǴᣡ
˵ôżޱȵĿԡ
ҲΪˡ
ܶ˶
˾ûʺڰʱŭŲòһ𡯡
икЩô޹ĸͲˣ
ʺڰŭʱûˣⲻǰ񷨵ա
밲֤
ᷢĲ롣
˵¹вɶ˽ͨ
ٹգȥ̫
øֻع
ԹƯЩ̺ĳȴϵĲ²ʾǳ
ԡ
ĵǿרűשҪᡣ
ֻҪˣرŮˣʮа˾Ŷǵɵġ
ǻʺ˸ǵԳ֡
ֲҵġ
Ϊ⵽ȵĨ˰ᡣ
ȻҲǳмλĹġ


86 
֮
ԭ, ȻͻȻǰΪص᧿Σý𽥲Ϸݺá
֤޹
˱ݶҲ̫ѡ
ŮͿͿĨĨ, ٴʱ, ӵԼôƶһӣٻÿʵЦҲ͸¶ž
ò˵, ⼼ǿ
ټѬŨĿɬҩζ㱼, ΪԸصزʱĳ
ǲѲ
µؿڣ˰Լһ¡ʹ, ŰŮԵǰڴϡ
׼
ͷɫҲѾ
Դӡأԭǵ밲˻Ǹ״򲻶Ĭ밲
Ҳš
ֻ޹ʹŮ̫ҽΡ
Ȼ, żġҲϼɡ磬ÿÿ߽;ҿ, ԶԶ̸ϼ䡣
ʵԸ񲢲
ʧ֮ǣʵΪ˽ڸ, ףҲֻˡ
ǼӹŮֻ, ΰæڸǣסλա
Ҳѽޡ
ټȷϰΣ, Ҳס
˼ˣѸϷ, ѧǰλ˴Ĳ, ֻ, ǱһƮ߰, ˵ȥȥɶٽ
δ˵ꡣ
ǧϤϤһżŭ
ʺཻ꣬ãʺأѾδñúƣܰĵ£Ҷڵģ֪ūգ㵣϶ͷǼɣÿ
򲻿ɣ

СûᱻϻлĪеϾʹֻҪ£
ȴû뵽
һһ䵣Ĳϸūǵ㾦֮ʽɶ˵լĥ³ǿߣ˹Ҳ˿ѷɫ
ܸоʲôط̫Ծ
ʺ㼸ã빬ϣ񱾹̽ʺȴӣĵñƸˡǧЦһ˱ˡ
ˣ֪ʲôط˲Сսȷʵʮ㣬Զľʺ
Ӧ˵ǡضδټսõĻʺ󡯡

Ϊ˱սӼҶĳЩһʰĳ棬æ̧߼֣㡭
꣬Լ
˲ʧ÷·ͬʲôûз
ѹͱᣬŵ͵͵ĿԿڵȥȥ㣬
˵ꡣ
ҲרĿ
ӾҿԵԡ
ʵ˵ͻͦɤӵģԽԽúſţ㲻֪ԼȻǼٿԣնղ
ֱһˮݵ
æӹҲûԼδ裬ССں˼ɤӣֱټٵͿһ
ŲǰȵýСĿȳļˮ
̧ͷǰøɫϤһһȥᣬӪĲ÷ǳա
ڴɻ벻ʱĬĬѸٽĿƵһϣҲδ⣬

ʱݼҲǷǳҪһ飬ڲﵽæ
תһȦ
סһֵֻǧϣԾʱգ۾
õ¡
ֱֱۿм䣬ҩζĽҲΧǵԺС
רҵϷ
ġ
½˳Ҳ̫֣ȻϷҪݳˡ
˵̽ң̫ˡ
˵ǧпȥ
ЩӻѣҲԺͷʹѣ˵仰Ϳȣ˷Ҳ֪ԸЩʲôܵý
¿ɻвǧ˲ڣҲȥ빬Ĺأӽס
߰˹ʵתͷ⿪ڵЩʲôϽ̫ҽ
СҡҡͷѾöˡ
ͣȻŵġ
ɵĴ£ŵ̫ҽѸٿ첽˽߻λ̫ҽ
֪λ̫ҽΪʺߣ̫ҽԺҽտ
ŮԣԷ԰ڵ
ΧЩŮδἰ̫ҽ
ԼĪǴǽҴٻʺ󡯻ʵġ
ԭţͻȻôһͷǳĻ¶ˡ
ɫԻò԰ףˮҲ£ԶܼװΨвû취ġ
ٻţҡ
ûбϣǸģֻǧŮٵĶִӱ˳
ȫ̶Եޡ
֮ϡ
ƮƮĳУ̫ҽ㿪ʼΪǧԣͽԼ̫ҽ˳
ԭܾǧ̬ȼⲡʵ̫Σ˵ҽҲɱһ䡮֪ҩҲܼҽ
õĻö˵ˡ
ƤȷʵҲܷɸ費
ҰϰߣԸҲǻܾǳղŲԸΡʺҲƵġ
ﻢ֮ʱ
ܵŮٽűӵڵĸ첲֨ѸĳѨλĵط͵һ㡣
˻
ˬУòÿڵʹС
һ¹
ֻû᲻ԭװĲҲ·棬ֻŲŮٸǧİӵ
ţ˶ԵĿǧϣͬʱ˵Ǳ㶼ġ
ʵ֤
ŮȷʵܣǵָѨԵ̫ҽóĽ۶̫ҽûʲô
޷ѪƢ顣
Դϡ
󣬴ŮٴζѨλȥ
ֻһ飬жܵˣܣȴֽ⿪泩С
Ҳʱ
Ŀĵ˵ǰڰУʦǰΪһԣǲü硣ԭ֪Ǻ⣬ûعȣԣŮ
˵꣬ΧڴΧɡ
ȴû뵽λ˹⣬
ƯĻȣЦݴŲȴҲĵúܣǧ֣צӴֱԵǰǻԺУǵϲҲǴˣŻɢڴ˻öлλ㡣
Ÿ˵ꡣ
ԼøĻüͷ΢ܾҪʲôõ顣
ȴ̴̫ҽһء
̧ͷȥ
պöϵ˫ڵ˫ͷɱѩɽ֮ۻҪ
㱼䡣
ѸٽֻСצǻصĳѯʡ
㾿мý㡯
ϳϵѸɨһȦ˶׹£̿
ŵڵʺ֣ĵɡ
ǲɣСƭӻʺǷλʵһıס


87 
ɵ㶵ĿԶĵ, ֻŻƯ˶צʵĽֲء
֪ΪΣֱץС
ǳĽ޲ͣԷԴññ˫ġ
ټϵĻ, Ӹзǳǿ, ·һҪͬϱӵӾа滶Цذ
Ȼ
Ҳֻġ·ʽ룬˶ſڵ, ̧ͷŵĶûһ˵
ⳡϷ, ע֧𹬶ϷϷ̨
ˣҲòԼϵǳ֮Ϸȥ
ڴϵ֧ŴҴææģ
ƿ
ײײ, ˫ϥ˴
һ׶ʱɲãΪľǵȵ񡯡
ԡ
ûеȵֻܹ¶ļȥ, ĲʾԼ彿
ҹŵǧѸַһѡ
Լ
ڵ, 죬ѹ¿, ڵμ¡
ֻ򵥵ĸ֡
þڣΧɶ̲סͬ顣顿
Լͬ˼һ顣
ʺΡ
ڵǻȲ·ߵĻݲݰա
ϳޱСƭӻʺǾʾ, ɫİȲıݡ
㶼ֹˡ
ҲԷĥĥڵЩʲôɼȻСƭ˰, ܲ᣿
֪Լŭ˵һͨҲʵ۵òС
ѧǵ, ſڵϡ
˵
ûƼ˵, ˶
ɻš
˵㻰Ҳϡ档
һʱ, ˮž
ϳŲԶڼݵСƭ, Ц
վҲȤ
СƭӦиĿĵɣŹ̽
û롣
ײôһϷ
޹þ˳ֻ΢΢֧ĴͷߴߴС
ϳ뵽СƭСδһһ㣬ٿǰЩûȤ
ת
뿪Ųһ١
ʺδػǸҩ̫ء̫ҽӴҩٶúúȥ
˵ֱ̧꣬ȥ
۵ų˻⣬߿ɶġ
ֻǵľ棬ǰСûڸɾҲн֮̽⣬Ҳ
ʵǽȷʵ˻ʺ
Ĳ²뻳Ҳֻȥ׶ǹ˾ǿƲ˵ƣֻҪʺ󻹻ţ㲻ȥζ
˵жλʺ
ǧʵУϵԻʺ󽫹·󣬲λֵ͵ɻλָߵģͷ
ʺάϵȨ߲ڣȻʹδȹ̵Ȼ
ǺɶԸټ飡
ȻٽӴиණַЭȨò
λֵ͵ҲٻصƫСԺʽʳҪ̫ɫӣᣬ
ŵĻʹ˵⣬ʺҲλֵȨ
λʺǻЩ飬ҲƣҴ󵨷ȨٺòˣǻǲŲܣǻʺ⣬оŶԷꡣ
еʱûȥ£ֻǳı
ʱ򣬲СǸһҩ
Ĳˣ
һߡ
ŵҲ׷ҲԵʲô̱ȥʺ
ǾǶ
ôɫ糣⣬ɶΧڻʺԣǰοȰ˵ǺҩܿܺãĵĪĪרֻ̽̽
ίͬɽ·ʮ䡣
Сǧ̫ѵϡ㺬塣
λ˵Ľ˾Ƣˡ
Ͳȣòͽͣͷա
뿿ڴ˻С嶺ЦĻֱƯιˮ˽桭
ֲ˼
̫ҽ˵ǰҩӲͷƤȥ˯ǱǺ˯µġ
ʲôʲôĲס̫æûʱ䡣
ֱڶǧ
ʱ̸糯ʱŭ֮£ź֪ԼƺǱץˡ
С̫±鲼Ž㡣
ⲻλռ
󹬲øǧҲֻһ죬صǶչʮ壬ǲתҲҪɱδ
֪СöΪԼãԴ֤ͬʱʼ˼Ҫô
ϳԼĪˮ֮¡
ѹ˲£񷢳ҲòǺ¡
֮Щ֡
ǵþ׼һ
ݶΪȵǸٽʹ壬粻˳٣վ͵ÿʼҪõԷļϵ̬ȣ
ý
ǵλȴһҪǸ
׼ڰʱŮĴȥ÷ƫ
Ȼ
ƫгĳֻδĴèè⣬ֻһˡ
ã£˶ˣżǵ¡
Ŵèè˶ٻع
սʧܡ
٣ڶٽִƫèĴβͣȴĵ
ϧҲעûɹ
һһèķˣǾ¡
źüա
Ƶǲǹģֱǧ¶Ϊˮֽͷö֮£õæòС
æææֲڴװĻʺæ
̬ȻҪֳġ
ǣı乥ԣʱû취õ
ɽԸȥ
ֽʣĸдţǵǸٽԼı⣬ʾҪĽ㣬Ȼ͵شʺƨ
ˣöԷ˳ԷҲҪúϢ
ΪſʵЩ͵ݣ뵽ʲôдʲôֱֱдʮҳͬ𾭰񣬷㡣
ŷ
ѧϱӲ֪￴ĵţ˸ժ˶ССĻҶӣ֦÷ѹϡ
˵ֺÿġ
ԷһҪ͵С
ӡ
ÿնдţЩʱ֪дʲôˣʼææҪҪһԸò
棬ʵд
ͿʼͷʻǻЩԴ֫ССˡ
ʮ
Ϊͻͽ
ȴǲˣⶼ죬Ŷûһ⣬ɱᣡ
ԽԽ
һƻ裬ƫг극òٵȥˣҪ
Žè޹ȥ
ȣʵҲġ
ϾΧ϶аԶԶ׹ŸŮأ
һ·ߵúͨ
˳˸ʳ
ƽƫʱ컹δ
Ҳ󵨣󣬾ľણþûӦ𣬱뿪ȴСƿ˹šĥ˼˽ȥ
Ȼ󣬲ûյڵĹŸ
ҪԶжŻ⣬תأ
˳Ż⴦첽ȥ
˻ûš
ʹ̫ͨ
ةĸ֣תͳȥ
ܿϧǸȥ᲻Ҳᣬ϶᲻СźջذðӣѰ֮·͸ĵ˸档

ڨڨЦЦ


88 
עŵǶδ, ֪ΪΣеĻҲƽϢ١
̫ͨٴ𣬻²ߵš
첽Ӵ, ĴŶصĵط, ´ʵ̫յֻԽ, ܵŵߴ
ȻڵĵطңЩҾߡ
򲻸ˡ
׼ĳųĴԲ, ȥּԻվŸ
תޱĵ¶ֺõЦݡ
̧˫, סԼͣʾԲᷢ˿쳣֣صĵ˵ͷ
ЩѸٶԲ͡

ϳԭòڰİ˴ȥ, ŶԷϤϤССƭӵҪЩʲô
¶һС½ǱѸٳ˽ȥ
Щ, ֮⣬ϸȴҲ֮СȷʵԸλСƭӻʺ顣
Ѿغ, ϳҲðˡ
ڳ¡
֪ҲһټǰʦͬСƭӻʺġ޻ۡ, Էż͸¶ǱѰ̸¡
һջ
µ֪Լô, ڵ£Լ游Ŷ, ĽŲ
⻰ûʼ̸, Ⱦ;е, ŵҲòС
ܿ, 游Ϥ΢ѹ󣬾Ϳʼ¡
ÿöǺһͺͿ֪ڽɶĴ¡Ҳпܼǽ̫̫ᣬֻûԡ
˿̶ͬǧϳ˫ϡ
Ϊ˷ֹĳЩµ⣬ͷǼңСĻ˸
ϤϤ´
͵ةտʼἰķˮ֮£̸飬Թ˵ýζͣͣ
Ȼȥ
ϳиСʺة΢΢̧֣ʾ̸
˽ԷԲԶЩٽԼڵ
Сʺͷ°֮
ʱѾӣſ˯˵ϣŲŵ岻Ķȱᣬƻġ
ǵذе
ڽ˫ȸÿļ
ƶˣҲȤԼ游ϲʲôôоûô˵游һ˽ζԽԽԡ
ʵ֤
ʱʹãһʼԼò󶮵ʱͲӦȥӴ
ʲôĳĳʿ˵ٵǰĳĳˮעĳ𡭡
ǶԿô뷨֪ʶǶϢʱķֱӰһһֵãʱ˺Щ飬Ҳͷ
ڼʱ;Ϊ鲻רģ游ġ
ʵ游Ҳ˵ֳͷԽԽ˼ҾԸѵСǳɹ
ʱ飬ٰ游Ϥ
֪䣬Ժ˯˹ȥҲ治ܹ̫ڣ游̫ߡ
˼ҹΡ
ص˻ǸֻϥǸߵֶ̽ŶСͯʱÿúҰԸѧʲôŮҲ뱻ӵ游鷿˵Ҫ顭
ſϷμǲԸֵԼԼԼ游
ִŵĺ
£ϳѸߣཫ֮꣬Ҳ֪ΪǶʱա
ةͬҹº󣬱㿪ʼΪԼ˶ⶵİһ̵棬̾˿˵ΨŲµı빬
游ҴˣҲӦù⿴鲻д֣ģ۵ġæ˯дϴ
̫ʵС
һСĴʵУ̫󣬽Ǵ˯죬˵ͷֱû
ˣҲĴµ˶С

ةĬƬ̡
ʹȽЩ仹أϴϵ÷ɿȴĵ̬ȣԼǰĵùŮ˭
ȥ
ðɫ°ڣСŮĻҪıĻ档
ưˡ
ʱϳҲܳĬ˳ة߿ȥֻСƭӻʺβͶ¶һء
뵽˯жϴ
Сƭӣ͹ǰס
ĬĬӣԲ֪οڣֻòԼͬƿߡ
еУ˯û˿Ĺϵֵϴš
游ÿ˶ʵʵǼġ
ٴʱ۾ϤĴᣣѾصԸ޹·
Ҳûʧǡ
ȷԼ󣬱ĥȥ׶ԷҪ˺ÿġ
ٴζĿ˿Լ˯ԺʱĲҾ磬֪зةױʵļ飬õűʡ
ĵĹһա
ţȴ֮ڹú˲ܳȥ

ͣĪ
òڹĲûɵʱ֪ɵĿɹԭԤµĲӣվͻ
֪ΪΡ
ÿȥµʱܻϹɣЦ£òڹ԰
ֱĺɫȫȻʧűͻ޹
ۿµԽԽãҲӲõҲȲȥ
һħѵҹ
վڳӱӴѵĵ̧ͷ¶¶ģҹҪ飬ϣ
ô˵޹ҲԶ
ϴŮ٣˵ͳ;ϱܵĴèŶԷ˱ȱܵٶȡ
ܿ죬͵˵޵Ƭ
ƺܺڣէĿȥΪõ㲻乬
ŮϽӹС˳򹬵Ĵè߱߿ʼĥ˵Ҫ˵Щʲô
ݸǼǳҪ飡
εľѺ壬ҲԲǼܱƹȥġ
£Ҳûè·
š
عŷԸȻ˺ü䣬ѹûȥèǰߣţΪԵͣ

ָָ㼸è䡣
ƼһԵĹŵơ
Ƭǵס̤㣬ȻҲֻеڷ
ʹԼƻĵطǵ
ĬĬ¶Դèָ㣬ŶԷĽŲƫ
ˡ
èèߵǴš
վڴ£ŴèԼͷֿ룬ĬĬԴ̽ľ֧һСȵĴ
Ŵȥ
̧ͷÿԡеˣǱ֣Լԡֵ֮ġ
գգ۾Դ̽ż⣬øϸˡ
ԿտգƵ𾢣ȻͶϵߡ
鼱֮¡
ѧԴվŵĴūڣ

״ϳ̧ϣҲ˲䡣
Сƭӻʺǰ
͵ԡ
⻰£ֻðԴڴѸ̧˫ס۾ǳ˵ʲôûֻһֻСèè
Сèèôأ
Ͳ֪ڸʲô
ϳһֻֽס۾£һֻ̧ԷСɵ°͡
ֱֱ˴
СƭӰ㲻ţ۾գգģ޹úܡ
㸩¡
΢Ĵ
΢
뵽Էǰƭˣҧһڡ


89 
ɵ, ·ʱ䶨ϣ۾գҲգ
Ӧ˵գۡ
ͬʱס
ô㶵ĿĳϤݷŴٷŴ󡭡
Ĵ, зǰɳԹС
ûüȥܸࡣ
ȺĹſ, ҧһڣЩ, ҲЩ飬Щĸоǹ, 볯ͷӿȥ㼯ļ˵ĹǸС
˫͵
һ˲ǿհ, Ʈͷȴû취ץκΰơ
ϳͷСƭӵĴ΢΢̧ͷֱͦЩ, ɿǣ֡
ӭǵǿյִãߡ
ڻ˵ϲ뿴㿴, Ѱڡ
⻰֪գգ˫ۡ
ûκνĿڵ, 漴ƵǺ󻹴ˮı
ڳٳٷӦ
ˣ
Ǳǰĵˣ
Ǵ, Ҵææ̧˫סԸ׻ҧ˿ڵСͣʶӱܵתȾ, ַڴߵĵ˲ϡ
ͷҲء
ڰĳУͼ侲侲
α, ڵ޹, ԺлĳʮĻ档
Լôص޹Щǲ
ڴϵ˯, ˫, ǵǸֵĪǡ
ĳǰ

̫侲˼Ƭ̣񡢴šҲҲĳǣڵ׹ˮԲѵʱ˹ΪԷǡ
ϸ룬ʱȫĹžԼԵǰվ
˵ǸʲôоֻǴ䣬÷·һԷҪ뿪
յĴȫͬ˵ǽȻ෴
ȣҪ̽ͨ඼̵üΪ
Ϊʲôᷢչأ
˫ۣںڰֱֱͷ͸Ĵ᣷ɻ
ɻŵΪʲôҪľٶ

Ҳ˽磡
ѵѵȽϵûҲôӴ֪ΪζЩʲôֻռԸСã
ֻԼҵɼֱˡ
֮С𣿺ý֮ϰ
ô
ϲ
ǣǲӦãҲܰ
䵭ĬԵĵôϲ
ǳ֪֮ϵȱԱŵࡣ
ȻûУҲûйַ黨ò˳ԺֻСһŰȰ˵ûٲգƷҲǿȥ
Ķĵܿ
ɣֻݵ˭
˸Һ˸׵֪ôС

շת಻ߡ
ԼǸ޴ìۺ塣
˵ŵϲֻǶŪŪСĹ˽硣һڲͣóԼڻɽͲô
Աš顿
˵ľʧ˯ž
Ҳ֪ȥãڴԾҵл˯ﶼŸֲ²⡣
¸ִ߷顣
밮˫˫ɡ
תǵģ˵šǻʺˡ
⿰ֱӴоѣÿᣴȱˮŷִͷóһʱ䡣
㱼䡣
ҹ鶼Ρ
ȻôָŴٰ°һͬС˵ڣ
Ů٣֧֧ѯҹûȥ޹Ѱˡ
ܿ죬͵õ˿϶Ļش
ŮٻƽʾҹعЩ񲻰̫ҽ
ɲ񲻰
ԸôĶЩģأϡֻǵ¹ǸߴޱȵĳǽȻĳԼڴߵĵ
Լĳֻ״è
ǵģèè·һоͲᷢ
ڲèϺ̧Ůȥϴ
žǽӴǰ밲ɡ
ǵҲʶȤʺ񲻴ã򵥽ڵ㱨ϣҲû˵Щʲôϻ׷׸ˡ
λɽ뿪ˣĬĬ̾˿
ˡ
λãٷնƯһһƯС¿
Ȼ᲻־
δҲ̫졣
ܾôҹʼһж˱䶯
ֻۻã
ջص޹·˯£˼
δĸĸ̫ž񣬽ǷŽӹ
⻹һμôš
Ϊ˶дȫͬŷ˱
ǰԸдЩ
סòײôˣټ
˻ԴͼĳԺפҹıݻɢ𿪺صļ顣
㿴游Ϥ֡
ͷһ仰ǣᡯ
üͷ΢壬鲢򵥣游ʼţ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪Լ游ַǳͳˡ
۰ŮҲǼĳϹŰ˼룬˼ҲԲ׿ڡ
ѵǼгʲô£
һ˶˼֣˯ɢ˲١
ֽ
ϱӿС˵ٶȷɿĶ
ԽԽǲ⣬游öʼдŻͯˣ˵ĹŰ˼붼ȥд־䶼˼ʲôʱΪƤʲôתѳɴˡ
ˡ
Ǿò̫Ծ
Ҳɵģ游ԸޱҪдŸ־бض
ȨᷢЩʲôпܵģʺ󱻼ڸλԭǳس˸׹ݵۺԶпܡ
ġ
ٴοȫȻ游һʶɵļ顣
ܿ졣
ͷ˲Ծͷʱ²Ը֮£һζ˯ˡ
ôܣ
ֲǶèè˰˯Ųɣ
ĳǰ˵Ҫʱ¸OO@@ūĶµ飬صǿ˯ˡ
ȵȣҪ££˯ˡ

ôôأ
֣ı齥̣ڼǰ游Ѱֹ£ڴԲ²֪˯˹ȥ

Ϊʲô
游ô֪飿
ֻԼĳֻңڵūʮ꣬ᣬҪôµ顣
Ϊ¡
游ִҹҹŸϳ鼮Ҫļ飡
ŵ΢΢
ȻҸضȥΪ˲游˼ӲͷƤȥ
游Ļˡ
аʱ̹ĳʽΪԭ˵ʱĳ
ǡԾþδ
򵥵һ仰
游ǷҲܣڵ뿪档
Щ⣬游ͷǧ򲻿ѳ֮£˵ʲôɫ޷ã鰮Խ˵Խʹ
˶ԼϹŰ游ΪԷôˣдЩ
󻹷ǳպٺԶС
ֻףԸ֣ƽƽ
ѿгɽļ飬˯ȫʧֻʣ޾Ρ
ΣԶԶʤҹǸǡ
鰮ĥˡ
ȫǺ޲Լˡ


90 
̾˿, ڷļʱ̴ӣ⣬ֻʣЩ֪ʲôƫƧİ
ʲôǰҪ˼һ¡
Ŷ, ҲǿԼ, 㲻˼̫ࡣ
ȫŷųصĲ, °ͣ޿齡
, źؽϲȥ
˳ְǺöܵͷ£·Ҹطȥ, ҲԼҸط˽ȥ
˴䡣
Ҳʵ۵òУŹǷµſϵЬ࣬ŽѾ, ٹϱӣͱǧٿͬƣ˫ۡ
ҹ˯ʵ̫
ձ˫۱˯˹ȥ, ֻϧξȻδϷŹСޱȽǰǾԵĳԭ
ӽǻر, ǿϱӿӵӰ
ĵڸĵϳӽŹҴ£˵Ǽʱ, Ȼ´ĳϤλ
ɲԼڸߺš游ġ
ԭΪҲͰգԲ´OO@@, ĳ˯Ӱôͷ˳
̫ⷬĶǡ
ֱӴӵӽתɵһӽǣգۼĹ, ǱԵľ԰Ͷϡ
綼һļž
ʱ˿, ʲô
ʯ䡣
ע, Ƭûκ, ڲԼΣ
˵
ȾͳŴȥϱСѧԱ׼ɽƣ˫ֳڴϣ˳ȥ
Ȼֱĳҹ֧Ĵǰ̽Դ￴ȥԻֻū
ⳡϤ
ֱӱ˫ۣԥתܡ
Ҳ֪˶á
ڰج˫࣬˫̧ۣÿӣͶŮΪѵȴֵӡ
ֱŮٿã֣ؿ˵ãȷʵбҪλ̫ҽ
ʧߣǶΣǲҿͦصġ
̫ҽܿˡ
λͦ죬ǰԷΪ˽ҽصظٰ굽ͬϺѧϰ
ʱҲøϺҩġ
Ȥλʮʮĳ̫ҽʦ֡
ϸ󣬳̫ҽŻʺǷǳ϶ġĲúúúơĳǽնûȥ߶巽ŲǵöߡĲҩҽǧˡ
¸ҩͺܿİҴҸˡ
ŷ΢صĻĬĬҩֱ߰ϣ˳ò豭ѹס
̾;òѾˡ
̫ҽҲϺѧˣŻҲһһ׵ġ
˵ʲôҪߣɲǾе
ǾĲҩҽȥ£Ϻоô˵ģλʦ־Աأɲô˲ʧ߶Ρ
˽Ҷѡҡͷ̾˾䣬ҲΧ̴öԹԳƫ鷿ȥ
鰸ǰִʳ˼
ĥŵ׸øԼ游ظʲôš
ô˵Ǻصļ飬˵Ҳм֡
ܹ游˼
ȻôţʼͣڰãõīȾοīֽϣûд֡
ͺܿա
ϴֲʺݣ游˼룬ҲԸ
ҪݵӦ

ǸػʮûѧʲôīˮдʫʫԶԲϣëֶֻǿ

游˷ʱĵĻ棬īˮʹȾ˵ͷǳдС
Ƕ游˼ǶĳµϴȫС
ī̴ӱͨǰ밲
ͷǻûüɽ̫Ȼʲô˽ˡ
ԸŮٰѻͳ游
̴ӶĹϹƲԺĻ԰С衣
λƽСü񲻺ãصͣϹơȻлɵ֧֣ȻҲû취Ŀ
ĵ̫ǿ
ǶʧæµҿֵĹУֻż˳еþʱܰƤ
ʱ⻹
һûһСŹзȤ£ͿУ̲סѯʡ
ɽȴ᲻¡
ǿ룬ȴܻʶĳ䡮͵ԡ롮뿴㿴
Щʲôأģ̫ҽˣǧЩǣ̴Ӷǻˣ˱㲻پֱֱ̫̽ͷ
¶ȡ
üͷ˵̫ҽưɣͷҲ̣Ƿȡ

⻰˼֣æǧЦŴ˿ˣ㶼֪ǳ̫ҽֱȰҪȥߣҩҲǰַ˺öĻ
̺̺ģûʲô
ǧ˻ǾЩԾ겻󣬵ԼҺլڸӣҲʲôϡ¶Щ
ģ
мŮ˼ĸо
˼ˣһ
߶˵඼ǹŮ̫࣬Ҳв̫ҽԺҲв̫ҽ
ϡǵãΪమǵþԱ
ǽ˯ò̫̤ʵ᲻񡣡ִ̧˸Ƿ˯òǺܺãֻǼٶŴҲͳǷ
۽Ƕϼˮ֮⡣
ţ֪ȷʵС
ǧɫպ֮£ǵ˸ͬʱȷʵ̫ҽ˵ǰ߶߶ÿÿŵǣҹﶼ˯رȡҼžҲȥ˵ɺͷƾѰҼǴ
֮ǰɫ糣
󲡳̸ƣģ޻겻ᡣ
бʣ˾ŲʮҹЩʲô
ûǴȷʵҲڣʱȥһ˵ȥˡӹڻشš
ԭ㡣
ǧЦӲһڵ¶ԭѰ£ûûѰţ·Ҳײֻǲѯʡ
ѽѽԭѰġ
ﻹŸ㣬ߺĿڣ͵صԼСԴ
ǲǵ·ûмŵˡ
ûҵˣֻЩѻδȫǾֱӻ˹һ·ϻ
뿪˵ЩʲôǧѲøɸɾĹιߣ붼룬ֱſҧȥ
СǵĻȻеˣȥ޹˵ûе̫ʱ䣬ɵײǸһ룬ȻѰϵ
Źǧȥ
æ˵ڹ˼ȦƵеԶǸˡ
״ǧû˵Щʲô仹Цȴ͵سȥ
ʶ±ʶ
ǿ򶨵ģϲã
ҹǷЩʲô
֪Ǻˣ˵Ϊһ֮ĸ
˼ˣǧ΢΢üȻҪ̬˵˵ⲡҲ֪ûд⼸ڹ߶ա
ɲ˲쳣


91 
߲ŹĶ΢΢һ, תǧ˵𣿡
ѵϺǱ߳⣿
ǱĵطҲ߲
ǧҡҡͷ˵㲻ˣֻ֪Щմϲ˶ȥרŰõĵطǾ, Ҳ, Ҳ˺ЩֵòˮƲ塣
֪ЩϡŹֵĶȤ
Ϊ˷ֹԷŵĳЩ飬˵ⶼҴС̫˵, Ȥ㻽Ҳáǵþ, ĪҪȥӴЩƵʹ̴ӣȾϲɾĶ
⻰, ֪ǱӦǰԤĸִʩ䲼ȥ
ϱҲǾȫԴȾġ
߲ȷʵ
ЩʱҲͿԵֵģرѧûʲôɫʱ̫ҽӼҩ, ʣµҲֻ
Ц˵Ȼзִģǽ, ڹﶼиѧѧӴҲѧѧþˮķҲǺõġ
˵˵š
Ȥģ, һ֣˵, ȻȷҲĵ, ģɽֶ绨㽿, Ÿõúúñߴ, ȫⷨ߶
ǧ΢΢ü, ˵Щ̫ʡ
俴ŷλʺ, ҲֻǿգʵѲ⣬˭ĥЩʲô˵
ʺȥȻ˲ӡ
Ҫλʺ֮λòȵˣᣬϸ³çơͷ
ҡ
֪˭˽顣
һһ͸ܳ˲
ǧ֪дǽжⲻ֪ʱεؾͻ᲻Сı˶ȥ
ںլˣö˼ĽŮֱӿʣָþ淴
˽²龿Ǻ㵨Ϊ
˵ѣҲȷʵԿǰ㻹зִ磬˹Ȼǣ飡
ǧҧгݣҪ˾ͷ鵽βͲûκ©Σ
ʱ죬Ѱ֮ͬú˵˵
һֻųԵƳǧǴŵŭ΢Ҳ̫СĥЩʲô
Ϊǲͬ
룬˵δҲ̫鷳ЩǹĽǲ⡣
ǲ֪߲Ŀֲ
ְǸ˽Ҷѡģҡͷԣټ˵ʱ游鷿п˲μǣдȾ߲֮ǱڴУʮһ˵ǰһ˻¶ǽҡ
治졣
ԭøɶﲻ߶أϸ־㲻ʵɲ߶̴ҲҪߵġ
ǵ÷
ĥƬ̣˵ʦǰ߲֮ͬ£ǲòأǹʦȻ㡣
²
Ǿͳѧڴѹûбȹʦͷʹˣ
⻰имͬʱСװͷǣʦʲôͬ˵ʱȥׯ棬ǡ
ѽǾ
ԲС˲̨ʹӣ˵ôľˣ˵ʲôҶҲ
˵꣬ס˶䡣
ʵϣǧҲû취Ϊʺ鱾ֱİ嶨
׽̬
ǧ֪ҪôЩ׵飬ȰҲȰתʼΪԷıθνԤ߲
Ҿ֪õˣǧѾ˼д³ȵ϶Է֣˵꣬ԹһˮƽȻСҲõģǶҺã
˵ꡣ
Ҳ֪ĸˡ
ȻԷʣץ㼰ʱûúܵӰ
΢ţܿһȦȷûеӣ˿
ͬʱҲ֪ΪΣоտյġ
Ͳˡ
ˣѰˣǧǴЦ峺ȴѹһ˿ǳ벻á
ѱüãûûֻɵɵ֣Ȼǧ
ЦŻ˻Դ
Ѻ˼붼׵һԣͿʼС
ڹгǧΪ飬ٴοЩҪ˵ʲôطԾҲ˵Ȼ
Ҳ
СһſĶܳԵ£빬ɱԲ˲١
ƻʱ֡
ǻ㼯ʱԤ߲ķʩҳʦĴ죬ǶԷϳУ߲Ԥôֶࡣ
εҲû˵ѡ
ɲǹʦϳʦת룬Ҳûʲô
ͬʱ˿Դ
ⲻ겻ڵģҲֻտ˲ҲǸ취
ʱҪôˣ
ҽտǲˣʡʡҲǳ
˵϶ֻĲһ˷ʮ˿ɲ˸ɵ顣
ϰյ˰տɲʵϵŮˡ
Ҫ뻨Ǯøģô׬Ǯɡ
ﶪôŴʯͷҲûôϸ˵ȥֱʾ⼸վ񲻼ã±ţɶɢˡ
ʵⲻаա
ҪƽϢĳ£ȶһ£ôﶼȥ²⣬ɲûȥǰһˣ
Ȼ׬ǮҲֻ˵˵еףҲòʹǫ̫̂С˶٣¡ڣѵ̻㣬Ŀ궨ԶЩ

λߵСֶΰա
߸пԼԽԽƻƳŷ̹
⼸ᷢ
͸ӹȥⲻͳˡ

ƳϱƷ̲ĶҪóԣζŨζɢ塣
ֵ롣
Ůټѡ׶á
ķǲƴС룬ûԸİô󣬹ĶľٶϱͷԱɶװģ
С룬Ҳ͹ա
ųգˡ
ԽԽȡ
̴ӽصĽȫᱡģְ̰޵ϯϡ
˭֪Ÿ˯һҹ㱯ȣһ¸ͣ
֢״ǡͷ߲
Ҳ治СȾϣżѣһӾͷ޹ù˳ȥҲͷ˽
ͷ͵ſڡ
һϸչʦ״ʩӴ
ͽ̫ҽҪʱסƫԶǸƫ䣬׵
ǿŷֻ˯˹ȥͷôҲܹû˻Υ
ü
ȱܣµöˣθֳԲʲôҲʼ
Ժ˯УܾԼٴ̤ʱѹںһ顣
޹Ĵ⡣
ΪʲôҪܣ
ӦܵģһڣҧһڣӦ׻ȥҧȥݺݵصףȻ͵ҧ
뾡
Щ飬ˣľҪһӣ
ҧҪҧ
ϳСƭŲ԰׵ݣյԷߣüͷ΢壬ֱ΢﾿Щʲô


92 
Ҫ
ҩ
ϳüø, СƭӾڵЩʲôԲѶлš
ڵԷǰϸľ
ȷŵСƭӲٶܷ磬ſ򹧾һԵŮ, ԸЩҩ
Ⱥˡҩ, Ǳ¡
ʱڻجج˯, ܵϤǰ˰ѶرϴèԴ
, ȴĳõˡ
ܿ죬ǵŵ, ϤıӰ֡
Ȳȥˣ
ֱ˫ֳŴǸɽ
ʵ˵ܾʶʲôطҲֹͬĳ
ʱ˿, ƽ
Ҳ˲˼ֱ΢Щŵȹ, ǵֵӰɱȥ
ҲգۼĹ
ԡеǵӰշ־, һ˲ͳǰ°͡
͵
һϤ̨, æֹ̧סǰ˵ľż, ݺݵſԷĴҧȥ
ֻСè䡣
Ҳǻצҧ˵Ķè
ûƷʤζֻôʲôӲĶ, ûԸСĻ
ɬͣӿȥ
еȻͬ, һµý, ȴԼԭزܶ
ǰϤĿҲģ
綼ըĻ, жŤʧ
˫ۣʶξͼѣȴôѲùɵ
ǿС
ֻܳǲͣθĿɬ͵͵ʡ
ͷ
ιҩϳСʺޱĬĬӲ˲Է˳ŴµҩˮͣҴʵĽĽҲɶ
ֵ㼸Ѩλ
ðΣһҩôιȥͷ
֪Լιҩʵ̧ԶڵϵŮ٣˹
ѵصİǵĸ
ҲָʾŮͷûô̧𣬾Ѿ֪⣬ؾؿʼ˵ιҩΪʡ
Ҳ֪֮δȥҩ
ֱ׵󣬾͹վһԣȺԸ
ϳǰѱǶҴãŰŮٵķŷٶι˼ΣЧҲδ⣬СʺѨ⿪
Ҳ֪˯˻Ƿֿ
ܹιҩʵʵȥҲɫ԰йԹɵģ۵úܡ
ЩʱҲ硣
ϳϻѹŲٵδŮнӹʪȵĽΪСʺ˰Ҳʹ뿪
ɲŸվ
½Ǿͱסˡ
ֻǰ벽Ϳ
ͣ˽Ų
˴ߣŻЩգʳָһ¡
㡭
ϳСƭ˯ǵĺ΢ϲ
δЦ뵽ƺɲֹԼһˡܹеʲô淣ǹʶ·ˣƺ
˵סСƭӺ͡¾
Цѯʵڻĸأ
˵꣬ϳҲԼѯʸ˯ѵˣֹЦý
ôСƭӡ
Ҳ֪˭ֻŽ㡣
ɿ֡
СƭѾٴγ˯ȥȷʵüͷģ˯üȣ㳯ͷ΢΢̧֣趼
ɽҹҲûʱЪϢ
˳һôСƭӡ
˯ɲ֪ʱЩʲôȻҪпϾķǡ
һǺüա
޹ǰѾ
ŮԸֽɢ̴ӣֻԼһ˷̡ʵϣÿÿҹʺܻô
ЩֲʵξֻõʲôطγģԺ䣬οӰ
ڸιҩڴ߿衣
ʱֱڸصĵιҩٲżڴð䡮͵ԡ֮Ļ߸޹׷Ҹϡ
һתͷ
ֻصҡҡλεľ峵ϣֵϵ֣ڻƻ²ŶԷ˵
ǣѼһסСͣ˵
˻淢Ρ
ʵԼԼ˵̫ԼĪǲƫȻôεĳ
ڴ˼գһһĿҩﰾóѣĳŵ⴫󷹲ζ͵˫ۡ
ְ̧ס
ص壬˵ҪԷ
Ǹ֣һٲԶûš
Լǰ뱲ӶûгԹһ壬յĶӶڷ
ĺܶˡ
ô죬ȥЩιҩҲ֪滹Ǽٵļ⣬ֻ£ûôʳ
̫ˡ
ǿ̽Դ˵ˣҪ⡭
ŸտڣͿҩ̧ĵҲ˸͡
⡭
ϳתͷһԵŮ٣˵Ϊʺ׼ࡣ
⣬Ҳǲ⡣
ԼһһҲã
Ͱ͵ȡţֻǰʾŮٿȥ׼֪Լǳûˡ
ôܲأ
ôôܲȱĸӪʣôҲ֪ǲǴȾĲ
ȵȣ
Ⱦ
̧߹æֹ̧ô檺пǵ߲ǸϽԶЩ
ǧ
ȴƫƫס
ʺˣ̰˳θ̰ŷ纮ϳͣ½Ųǳֱ׵ĵ˲仹żַζ

ǲɵ˶װ׵ָָ㣬ҡͷü˵ǲ߲任ˣѱڳûȬ֮ǰԶһЩɣ
ϱӾ;ȫԴȾ
֪еĽǱҪĴֻøҡ
Ҫͷһ֮ôܵ£Ȼǻӡ
˵ʱ˶߲ǿ־úܡ
ôƫͲ£ǵýӽ
ԣȴ̧˹æקűˣٹҾ͡
˵˵š
ܾʲôط̫Ծ
ƺЩɫ

æһת¿Ҽ˵ҪΪԼ룡Ϊ밡檲ζĲܳ¡
û˵ꡣ
ֻǰ硣
ĳԭվԶĵϱϷ￪˴Ͱ㣬͵سǰҩζûΡ
ϳ˳ڴߣȵҩڴǴ۾գգ֪ЩʲôСƭӡ
˵ҩҪ˵ڶ顣
͵˵һ飡
Ͷñӻ죬ʲôԵɵʺľ飬;ѾڡĬѷ˳ȥ
ʶʧ
ĬĬڱ檲Ǹ˼檾ǡǡ
ҩϳ֧֧ı⣬֣˵˵һգкβɣЩˡҩˣǺѺȵġ

ԺˣһֱӴӰԵͻ
о̫Ծ
֪Ȼ˴ǸƮƮһԼĪĥҧ
⡭
ǲǡ
ǲϲ


93 
С΢, ȾԼģ̲סⷽȥ
Ǵʱ˿̳Ƶ䣬ǲǰĿһĻ, ָô, ˰飬Ҳʵ벻ķ棡ƺҲûܣ
һ̡
ƽûû˼ɵ, ʶ֮ǰΪ£ĽƨŲǰ
ͬʱ̧, ɫ˵ޱȵϳ
ײ˫ǿɰޱȵ˫ĬĬСԴ, ˫֣С˵Ұɡ
Ȼϲ
⡭ǻӣͷһصĴأ
ãѹ, ûö
ϳ˵ҩ, µҩ֭ŵݵͰСƭߡ
˴, ֪Щʲô
㿪ڼ˵졣
ǳ֣ص˼ţϲǲ⡣
ϾĴ֮һ, ĳĳĳϲԼ
ͨԼϲλĳĳĳ

ѵ˵ϲ˵
, ƺҲǲܣϾػغüε, ඼С¹ڡ
һ֤µó˼Ľ, ûǵϸ, Ϥ, ԲͰſ͡
Ȼͱൽߵؾޱ䡣
͵ش飬˼ҵĴԶ
ʲôϲϲģ
ϲϲҲᣬڲ䶯ôƴŶģҲֻǶԵڰգ
ûͷʱ汼ĳͬԣڰջʲôý
ΪԼ̺һ¶˳֮·
빬ǰΪᵱ֪Ĵʦ빬ʺܹܹ񿴿ˣûôƫԼԤδ
ڣ·ϳ˸ǳ޵⡭
졣
ſͣοԺкòƴճ˼ȫȻϡ
˲ʲô飬ʲôͷһصɬ
̧ͷ
ǰĵ˫֣˵ǸҸʹɣһһȥҲû£ǻȿ
ĳ̶Ҳۣϳ΢΢üúǳĪҪ˵˵
˵ꡣ
ŹִĻʺ뵽Էڻ˯ʱҩĶοܣҩ˹ȥ
ֵСƭΥ
˵ҩû͸Щȡ
Ҳû벻ҩҩڵĵǶģ˵Ҳ꺢ͯˣ˾͸úҩҲûá
ӹҩ
һ
ֱͷȥ̫׼ȷ˵Ǻȵ̫ȥĵȰ䡣
ĵǹᡣ
ԼƺѳҲЩ޴Ӧ
綼ˡ
һҩֱӹȥ˵òã֮ǳ˾ųɣ
ѿһš
Ĵűٴشǣסڱǣ£ҩҲˣȥɣĪҪСκ飬ⲡǧɲС֮ǰˣ⼲δ֮ʱǲаֵĺʱΪ룬ǿȥɣ
ѹСſǸִС䲻ݵ䣬˵ͷͷǵ
ر˫лǵǡ
ž˶ݡ
ϳҲ⣬ע˫Ҫ˼ɵﰵСƭӺҲò˳ŶԷ˼ȥ
¼ú
㱻߸뿪˳ŨҩζĹ
뿪ǰŮ٣ܸʺκʳ㣬ֻθͷӵΡ

ڴңң˵ķԸԭŴɫӲ
ϲ
ϲ𣿶Ƕ֮ǰιԷΰı
ֻ࣬бУȫȻûгԷĿ֡
Ʋֿڴϡ
¿ͷҲţ㾾ű˼ϲǲϲж仨ϣǶҪľٶ
ţ˯˹ȥ
ʲôʱ򱻷¶ûаֲ
ٴʱѾҹصĴйڵʵʵڿʵý̧ÿӣӦͷ⣬㻽ŮٵݱȲ
ûڡ
Զҡרעĵ
һĻϤ
ǲججְΰ֮ʱҲʱôƴĳ
ʱԷ°鰸ǰִġ
ʱߣϵᣬ˳Ϊ߿ӵҴϱǡ
ʱ˯Ժ־סۣȥ

ξʵҡҷĵƻ²ͣ֯š
ټ٣á
ЩֲԼʵǰһж˲㷺ŵ˾
ܰõ÷·Ӧ䡣
ճտš
Ȼ
Զĵ̧ͷϤߴżֹɻ󣬻ĳЩ˵ζ
ⲻҡΡ
Ż̫ʢâҲܵһյý
̵ĿڣֻĳŻ͵شܵԺУը
ըһ
ӸѸɻشϣͣСࡣ
ûĿ侲
صĴٴαÿȵȲӿСޱȵĿռ䣬â֮վŸ
̧ۿȥֻŹâΧ£˿̵ĵͳò
ĿڵС¹׹زסˡ
ȥͼؿڣȲǰ
ŵæסĿڡ
ҲסԼ
²СЩʲô˵ľٶ
ϳСʺͬƱŵĽٶƬ̣ߣŵѯʻˣجˣ
ѯʣʶ˳ŶԷ˵ͷȻ뵽Щʲô͵ҡͷ
ôجΡ
ΣҲβŶԡ
ϳСʺԴҪɲ˹ˣ̧ᰴס˶Էҡθͣš
ĿԼ䡣
Сƭӽż˯ˮ˫գգֿ޹
ʵһֻܽ˹جҲδ̫ѣ㿪ٴѯʣҪЩˮ
һˮ;úɬýæͷŸմ˴Դֱסˡ
΢ľôڶͷϡ

ȴ֪ΪΣûнԴ̵⣬˼֣˫඼
ĪҪٻˣԹţȥ㵹ˮ
ϳϸգ˺ü۾˽ȥųǴ˼ֶԷ¶ȵ֡
תͳԶȥ
˱ҴЩ¶ȵİˮ󣬸űøȡ
ǴӴ̽СԴ۰Ͱ͵ĿŵŲˮӰ˵Щʲôֲ֪Ӻ˵
ߴߴͬ;Ǳ˷
ǧ뿪ڡ
ȴҲǧ￪˿ڡ
ֱ˱ˮ֯ɰͰ͵ôһ仰
ЩӶ𣿡
˵꣬Լʵֹ֣ûаصˣġ
ٲЩʲô
һʱҲ֪μ˵ȥ
Ȼ
ϳҲСƭûͷûβʻԾҲҪһ˯оѹмѡ
ԷȻ̬ȴ㶵úܡ
ֽ̧˽˳Ҵ걻Ǻ˵ҹˣ˯
գգ۾ô˯ȥûŪ⾿λʵأ
ŵá
ûҪ˵ʲôԷȿ˿ڡ
˯ţ޼ǵǹǸӣˣͬ˵˵½


94 
⻰, ֯ȫɢ۰ͰͶŵͼٴԺƴЩʲô, Ӷֻһ¡
˯
ÿν¶Ҫһһ伷ųϳ, ȻҪ£ĿĻҪ˯
Ǻεϡ棡
ټͶλ·ǰѡ֮ӷǳȤ
ôţעĻ
ŶԷ𽥷Ż, ǰδеͣһż弸䡮ԹԱ۾͵͵
صĴᣲ֪ʱ
ܽ±ڰ֡
֪, ŵǵϤỺɤٴ˯֮, ﶼĳ֮ȥӰ
һ˯ú̹
ա
΢΢˹ҹðֲʵĳԺлصš
ʶÿĳ鰸ķȥ
ȻĿ֮֮, ûУ·ҹһжֻΡ
΢΢, ĪЩʧ䡣
ɻشϣ˫ֽڸ, ߿յĶϷ¹ͷɵöЩʹ, ᲻κ߶˼
ܲˡ
ôǼٵأ
ҹôᣬҶԷصظλɿصĵѾСԪ, ڸϿ
ЩѵǼٵ
ֻ˼ҹεĻ
ô˲֪á
õߴߴᷢ󣬾õĴӴᣱԵչⶼ䷢ҡ
ų̾˿
ûжľѶ, ֻ, ˡ
ǵġ
ˡ
Ըôһ㡭ϲ
Ҳ֪˼ʲôʱ, Ƕദʱĵε, ֻÿ΢ĵۻ
ǵԭֻʵϲ
ƫƫ⣬ƫƫ˹ľٶƫƫ
Ҳǵڲ֪
ԭڸϣԸǸСȻֻʧԲŻڱҧתܡ
ٴ̾˿ãҲ޴롣
֪ô졣
ʱźҰһأףҪĵкܶࡣ
ϱǻɵʱҪηĳ顣
Ⱳӡ
ңȨơ
ÿӵúܡ
Ҫǣұ֤ϲж೤ұ֤ϲǷܱɰ֪ܲܳþ䡣
Ѳ䡣
οǵģ
Ҳڹдδ˻ʵ˰ˡ
úҩˡŮټʺ߷ϴ߿˵λ֪飬һŷֳķ𾭣Ѻת٣Ҫ
ԣϵҩһڹº󣬴񣬵ɡ
ô˵⣬ɲܹ
֮ǰӽ¶ͽ񻹶ѹڿⷿͷͳȥҲʡ
񵥡
ûϸƣͱǵĴֱʸˡ
Ҳ˵Щصҩףζϡֳķ𾭿˶ʮ౾ϡ
էÿȥ㶼Ϊʹ˵طأ
ϾŷĿ̫󣬶վͰϹڵĻʺ
ҲͰա
õС˶ʮϡ
±ҹԼնڳɣ
ǰüӵķ𾭣ͷ𼸱ַģ̾˿һ̫С
ȷʵյˡ
𾭣Ĵɲء
ŽϻЩ׼񣬺иСŮŽ
ǰͷԸ޹߶ŵĻʺ󣬹Ůֻһš
ˣ˵ǲҪһ档ŮٴӹŮ֪Ǻº󣬱æʺǰ㱨
źգ֪淼˵ķ
һ뽫ӭŸվȻԼţͷ߲֢״ƣ
ĬĬ
ǲ˴ȾҸ룬ⲻǶԼĸҲǶ󹬵ĸ
ĳʵʹĵ

ڶûŪԼǲóֻþǶԷǺߣҲֻƾԼľãϾҹֶأ
һ뵽⣬˶䲻١
Ůȡֽд˷򵥵ţڱʾԼСǱģȰ˻ȥٰѸһȦٹϺеͷ
ﻹ£ҲдÿĿİ
ͳҲû֡
ɱīŮٰϡ͵ľˮԶԶٵݸͷˡ
Щͳ°ͼſⷿƷӱȷʵǶŲϵ֣ȴƮĳһ֮ϡ
ֱвӲûȾҪ
͵ػع
ƳվһԵŮ٣ŶԷҹ޹ˣ㲻ѯʵǲ
ŮٲܴӰвѡתʤߣⲻ˵úҲѸ֪⡣
΢΢̧ͷشﲡ飬ҹҹչˡ
ԣ֣⽫ƻزϡ
ͷը˶̻
̻ͣ껹ģʵúܡ
ִڲɨУʲôֶûԣã̲סٴοڵҹҲ𣿡
ҹҹڣȻ⡣Ůٴ׹
еͷǱĿͷͻȻС¹ײͷǱԺը̻ըͷ
ȻθŸͷ
ɰζǸ
ȥҲȥ룬ԾϲûκεĴˣ
ҹ֡
ǿ϶Σ
ǵģôҪأûҪⲡס˷ʱ䣬ʱ仹ϢϢҲþ񡭡
ﲻͣԹţеЦôڲס
ǳԼʼݡ
ǿƲסƲסĿڷӿĻҲƲסԺгֵſա
ݻͷϲ˶ƮƮȻ඼룬Ǽɬҩȳ˼ζ
ҹȻ١
ͻ£ŵ
ȿȣֻڴͷ³Ļ˳㿴ܲܵøԷ˵˵ҽѧա
Ҳ޹ܣǶžȾҪ;
ȰΰΡ
ϵĻҳûҳʱȥͷһλûȥ֪֪ǽʲôˡ
ǺȵҩŴã⽥Ϯ
֪ۣҪ˯ʱһ˫ֽ
͵۾
̧ͷͶ˵Ϥݡ
ĿڵС¹ٴοʼȾͷתԾⲻ֪˫ա
Ŀá
֧֧˾䣺ѽ
˯
ϳƵСƭһ۹ȥžͲ飬ԼĪǶԷδ˯Եɣ˵ʱٿҹЪϢ
⻰գգ۾ѱ°ͣɵ˵ͷ
ɲǿ
ڵȡˡ
ǻҪ²˯ϳСƭװĹӣ뵽ҹԷҲˣŻȱ۾վ˵˵ǰǽħ̡
ǲϲѽ
֪Ҳǻδ˯гѹֻΪԷʵ̫ڲʲôԵĴ
֮ڴ˵Ļ
˵󣬱Ѱ
¶ҲЩܣǹִڵϣŴ𰸣Ըȥ


95 
⻰, ϳֱֱӭߣЦһ˵ȻأĪΪ޴˭ˣ
ٴԴ
ڱµС쵽, һ, ۵ͷȴ
, ʹⲻΣ
ϲ
õ䷴ʵСͨ, ĬĬڽ£Ҳȵý
񶼿ʼƮҡ
ܾԼӦ˵Щʲô, ڵŶħ̵ɡ
͵Ѿù⡣
ֻܼͷڹꡣ
˵ˣʮ꣬ϱӻǸûϸеѧأδأ
԰ʲô, ԥ
Сƭӡ
ϳ͵ͻ
ʳڣȴװ·ٽ½ȥ, ɲǽƻޱȵСƭ
ŲСƭأСͬʱס͵ĽƿЩ, оݼն˵ҹҪЪϢǺúأ
˵, Ҳȴ𸴡
˫ۣԴ˱, ֻ°ͷ˳ڷš
״ϳֽСӽڳ, Էѽ˫۽, ˰ѶԷ͸żֺա
˵޼ѽ֮, ǻʺأ
־Ҵżǵѯ, ֳͬСӰĽëֲ
ãСӶȳ
δ˫ۡ
СƭӽŵģϳЦһյתȥ²ŵĳë
Է۾յýס
ŴսԷߣٴѯʵʺ󣬿ޣ

ǽ߹ŻԼȵܾһϵϢ
ĴԱΪ̻ըذ
Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪ȥãò׻Ҳ˲̫࣬־ͺҽƿ˾䣺Ͳ㡣
ȻץʱѱԴסٴεͷڹꡣ
Ҫڹꡣ
ܶţȶš
ԼǵСû㹻׼ȥȥ̹ȻǷԼĪʹڵİ⡣
Ҫʱ䡣
ҪһЩ˼һЩ֤ʱ䡣
Сƭӡ
ϳŴǹŵĽЩΣҲЩźûҪĴ𰸡
˵ʵЩˡ
ɼСƭģֵĶԷҹҲ˼֣ڼ˵޵ҲǼҪ𸴣ʺĪҪ޵ȴ̫áħ֮£ҪȹԹԱ۾񽭺бΪħ
źıӣŽħ̡
Ҳ֪Էǲȥѧ²ǰǰɱӲʱʱ¼Ҳڹ¿ҪβʱŵƽֻԽԽᡣ
ⳤβУ೤֪˯˹ȥ
ϳһֵ³Ŵ֣İнӹ账
ü跽ͣ¶
ȷɸŵѾ˯Ľ˴ӽ˳ǲ֪նЩʲôֶСԴϣָ˴ĺ촽
ſСƭӡ
ɲЩĻ
ǸƭӣƭҲƭһӡ
ǡ
ϳ΢Լ⣬֪˼롣
˯һж޴֪ԳξУεȥ֮ʱ綼Ⱦϲ⡣
·Ļϲĵȴĳ˵ĵ
̫֮ŨҲȥֱ浽λ棬ĶȫȻ˽ȥ
ǽǽš
á
ŵź۵ϳ
ŵϲǴЦģĿøˣæŶԷ˫ɫĳѥ
һһ
ǳѥǰҲص˵Ϥ
ûʺ󡣻ʺ󣬿ޣ
ŵĶðȺųѥ߶оЩģֺصӣã͵̧ͷ˵Ҳġ
δ˵꣬͵˫ۡ
ֻǰһˡ
æͷȥ
ֻ˫ɫĳѥ
ŵæкص컹ѹĺӶһ飬˹

ʲôģɲԸҹĽ
ʵ㤣ֱŵòᡣ
ؿڣϴ󣬺һҩټų׻
վջЩ
Ůټ״㻽̫ҽ
ĻǸˡ
ˣ̫ҽ
̫ҽԭǱ̫ҽԺǲǰЩ߲ˣϾڹʦѧϰЩӣ֢Уûüʺ˲֢״߲ơ
ŹкЩ˽֪ʺʦƣ׮βԼĪԴͷϡ
治߲Ҫϸ
ѯų̫ҽҽߣ̽Էǰ
ĵǡ
⼸յӴܣиһǴѹˣ
С𻨻ûüǧǧܳ⣡
̫ҽǳŬǵЦЦ֪ʺΪѲ׼ִҩһص鼮ǸӶҪ쵽ǰϡ
Щſ˵ǻҽⱾҽ飬ʦ˽佻ʱǻУԭţϾҲִҽϸ룬ʦ˹Ȼ񡣡
һϻ󣬳̫ҽſֵĽŲ뿪˻ʺ޹
ڴ뷨ԶѲݸ߹СѾͷʦãʦ㣬´ΣЩʦĲҲһͳ
ĳҽС
û뵽ľնˣ
ʵͽĳʦֶ˽ƻѧϺеĻƤûסʦ־иʲôҲûжԹ
ʻôӣѵĴ
ʵ̫ˣ
ӵ̴ӣ鲻ԸķҽһҳͷϺϤּ
Щʻ
߷·ϺڶǰЦжҩĳŶ߻мŮڴ顣
¾
ҽպ
ƣٴλ£λϴ˸ԡȫġ
пڴͷơ
õĲǻǽ̫ҽʦֹ׵ҽ顣
ˣŵĻС˵ӣֻῴıݰˡ
е׼㾲ĵȡ
ֱҹ
ʮǷûȵˡ
΢Ρ
һ޹С
æԴȥϻûüЦݣŰǰ
üͷ΢塣
뿪ڣȴȻ㱨ˡ
ԭǳгЩ飬ʱҪ£һʱ鲻㻽ЩϢĪҪٵȡ
ߣûҪأ
ðɣʵɵɵĵš

Щʧ䣬Ҳֻʧ䡣
ҹ¿϶ǱŮ˽ҪҪʵҲûʲô
˵ˣϵĲҲǸ̫ҽ˵߲ûѧԵļ飬˭֪ǲأ
˰֡
ʾⰵȥ
Ű뿪һˡ
ĵڴϨ
ְҽ£ȻסС
˫ֱŴᣡ
ζûûüܼأ˼
ԡ
ǵİ黹ûüʼأ
ǿҲ
ô룬ɥˣԴ۾벼ɬ΢Ҳһ˱


96 
ҹעҪҪࡣ
˵, ȴòָȥҲ̤ʵ˯
Ҳ˴ĳӰ, ֻû˯ǰ¡
֮˯š
ʧߵԺһǧ, ԺǸһǧദĻ档
Ƥ
ȴѵòˣ紵Ҷ֪
ŮٲǷͣĶ
Ϊʺ̫ҽǰõİ衣
Ȳ, ˳ԼŨ˯⣬ʶξ
̫ҽֵ֮İЧǷ
ɢξѹͻ۲ɳ, ɿǰԹץץס
, ѵ˯˸ȡ
Ҳ֪˯º󲻾ãһҴҸ
ȷСƭѾ˯¡
˰ѽСϸҴñǣڴߴ갵ƻ, ȥ
ڶ졣
ѵúһ˯, ʱ񵹻ǻҹû, Щʧ䡣
ֻҪƸеҹ
͡ͻеꡭ
ֻǸʼ
ֲֹ˻߾Ҳʼ󰲷, æԷʱ䶼ûС
ֻҹ˽˯֮ʱ, ŵü徲
춼ûüÿҹִڴͷҽ龲ȴ, ֱʵڰסƤ
ûš
˲ٴ, ӻúóҩԹ˯, ֮ʱĲȡ
ֻϧ, ûʲôθڣµŽĲǸʲôζûע⡣

ûüٿۣȸˣ
ЩӶ϶ѻҲ룬û취밲󹬵Ҳ䲻ϣһͷʵûʲôȥġ
ŮٵǿȿڼĻҲûʲô˼
󾹻淭˳̫ҽǱҽһȥҲ˼ҳ
ΪʲôǼҳ
ǵȻΪʣµʱǲӶĳææµµĻʵۡ
ɲǲ
ǵ˵ϲΣȰ˶Է
˼ˣЩ߳ŭִӻƿﾾ˶仨һƬһƬš
֪ϱѧΪʲôôϲִݻĳˣʵǽѹúܣŸ󷽱ԭɣ
һ䣬پһ䡣
ܿ죬ϾͶ˺Щꡣ
ĳ̫ҽպײĻŲ΢ͣҩͯнӹҩ䣬ĳѲֽ֢ŷ
˰ѳ롣
ż̧
ܿ죬ãȻջһѲûعɵɵų̫ҽ˵ʦǺ⣿
񰮣Ըְһʦ֡
̫ҽ̧΢ͬʱ˵ҽѶ˶գ¼չʦ˵Уֱ㽫ⲡתʦҽտڴ˵ϲδ̵̫ˣְҲһ֮ʱо仰ߣǻѧϡǵ˿գҪרвǡ

ľˣֲǹʦ׼ǰԽԽɽƻʦֳû
һִָñӿﻢ¡
Ϻɹ˼ҩ˸ʦ˵ͷʮĻƤû뵽յǻƤҧһڡ
ʺʧ߶ȷʵǲĲҩҽʵҽã࿴ЩҽҲѰӡⲡ˽ⷨĪҪ˵ְơ
̫ҽĲҹٱŮٴ˯Щİҩֶ仰ûûεСѾͷʱҡͷԶͬʦἰ
ӻδȬأҹ谲ҩ˯ʱվˣٺõĵҲŲס
Ҳ֪ǺöԷ󣬵ֻš
ǵģ̫вŻĲҲǻʺﵱԸ߶߶ͣ
õġ׽ʵǱһֽ˵زʦڴ̿רУⷨǱߣʦߣʦҪȥæרУͲˡ
⻰̫ҽЦЦҩͯĿ첽˳ȥ
ģ±
ų̫ҽɿʧ紦ҡͷ̾ʦҲ˽˽
̾˿
ҽ飬űֽϵĲ°Ϳ˼ڤ롣
㡣
͵̧ͷŷͨϦ˫΢ڽ⿪
ԵŮ˵ŵʱˣԱרҽ
̫ҽôһ
Ǹɫµģҽѧ֮ѣûʱȥࡣ
ֻҪûκͷĲ
˶ǰ鲻첻
Ⲣʲô⣬ٿ࣬Ҳ಻űﺮʵѹֲĹ첡
Թ
ĥʱҪϴͷԡ˵мţֱҲѰڣŷҽ飬ڴͷ̾Ŀ
벻ҩġ
ҽҲͽڰû˾Ȼ
˵ʵϴεԲѾҽҴ©ӲͷƤϰա
˫ĶŷƵֽţֻùȥдҹôá
ϵ۴ⱻƲڵƲ
ҹ˯ˡ
˵꣬͵غַͷԣ´ᣡ
ɽůͱ
һʱ䣬ͳ˯˹ȥ
ŮﵽȳƵĺЩ⣬ʺǰսԵȵδ£񾹶춼˯
вʾⰵš
ɿ쳯̫ҽ޵ƫȥ
ҹĳ̫ҽɲúߣʹŸ£û˯ţ㱻Ů
ԭʺɵѾͷ˯ˡ

ܲ˯ǲҲ˼·ͷ
̫ҽ뱯˵֪ܽĳЩֱ׸֮ίͬŮٽ͡
Żʺרҽ̫۷˯¡
һжŲ˯
˯ҳҹ룬ղ˯ŵʱ䣬Ͳ֪˹
Ϊۣ
˯ʱŨʱڿҪٴ˯ȥʱȻһۡ
ƺʲôסˣ
ԺΰŵüͷȥĴǴεĻ˭֪Ǳסˣ
òװָȥ
˭֪צӸر

ҹһˣ鿴˺þãʾ֭˼ôҩأ
ô˯ú˯ˣ
ֱӰһֻڱҲӴȥžһ˴ֻЩŵĵط
ʶòԾ
ǣס˫ۡ
ֻԸצӻڵϡ
žʲôĴʲôԲԶ

ʯ䡣
գգ۾ڨڨЦЦ
جĴ˲ɿ˽
鿪С֣Ѹ̧ϰ
ٵǻż۵ϣģһ£һ¡
Ȼǻ˯⺬˵ʹʹɷŶ׾Ͳʹˡ


97 
΢, ˺Ķŵ˺ðΣþöȲԷӦ
æ˵Ҳǹġ
ʵ, ǹġ
Ȼ˯, СצӵĿҲǳȷĵѹסǻεĻ
˭֪, ۾ͷȲҾ磡
˯˶Ժ˾Ҳò͵Ѻü, ׻˵˲ɲ, ԼĳЩεĶ
ͨˡ
οǰվŵĻһ֮
ټƺᣬˣ붼
ͦµģ»ûǵȼյİСôǰϨ, µŭֺ
˯Ϳˡ
ֻԼȥͶʮָɱĥĥȥ, ּôĶĸˡ
Ƥٲ
, չȥ¡
ЩŲͣƤ̵С˵׾ͲʹŶǷһҳ, ɲټƽˡ
¡
Ѹůıȡűдů΢ȫ, ͬʱڵҹǹġ, ôҪЩʲôѽ
˵, ߰ؽ
ֱֻ¶һ˫۾, Ųòͣ
Դȥ
ɶһʱҲ㲻һ
Ĭõϳڶ, ֽǶİСڳǰСʺ󣬾ͷ·𿴵ĳֻڵǰ̨ū
ʳָĴָĥСʺϸС°͡
Ц
㲹ɲ
Сʺ⽫ȫϵģܿЩʲô
ԭҲûƽϡ
ϾǰЩӳũԺ乲ʱҹʱ̹ԷǰԵеֻСצӣǳĴ򣬾Ųš
ɼȸ˻ᡣ
ͱôߡ

еûӦܿ׵Ǹʲô˼ֱֱӭ϶Էߵ˫̲סĴƮΡ
˻
䣬սԴֱСҲѬͨ졣
Ŀⴹ£ŵ죬˵ҡҶ׺üˣʹʹѾˣȻ㻹Ҫô
⻰ϳɿС°͵ǣƣָ⣬ڴأͬʱʳָƵԼϵ˵㡣
˵
̧ȥֻʳָᰴѹڴǰܽӴ
ʱ䣬Դʼð
ţڸͣĿҲ֮͵
˫ϵ
죬Ҫıҧȥ
Ҳ˲䡣
Լڲʱִ
ݺݵءصء
Ҳʲô𱰣Ŷһڶҧһھ׬ԭ񵨣ҧ󣬾ͬ
һڡ
Ҳ̰ǰƴõսþգ˯ȥ̹һڵԴӹɽʵʵļ롣
ϳѵʧ
ΪҪĥЩʱܵóԸδ뵽һ̫죬һеҪ
ɲŸִ̧ս֡
СƭӾѾ⼸Ļ㱶
ҹ泼檵òУȥɡ
űӣֱ׳ĿʼˣڲʲôģѾ壬Ȼǲ
ڱöûͷĶ
ΪѾˣ̽Сȥʿ
ûأͶϵ˫ҹǧӻҪ貵
æűָסԴĥΣְСԴðȥֱ¶һ˫۾
ͬʱ˵ȥϢٲ˯ǶֱȥϳŶɲã˸Ҳ
ȥ
ϳСڳҴãվ
Ŵᣡ
Щʲô˵Ϊʺ׼˷ΪЩδܼʱ̽Ĳ
㶼⡮֣ⶼȾ˼ֺ죬æգ˺ü۾ѹסе
ѯʵأ
ϡϳ˵꣬СƭǹڻõӣڵﻹҪЩУҹٲ͹
¡
Żʺ΢΢СֻúЦ˵ҹɻҪٽЩȤ£
˲ˡɿ߰ɣձ˰ͺã˯ˣ˫ۣѾ˯ģ
ߣҹﲻɣ̫ˣ
ϳ˵΢΢ĶͷЦСƭӡ

̣벻ͨΪʲôҪСƭӣؿɼӿɶĵĹԺӣûҪƭأ
קű˺þá
۾Ҫʵʱ򣬲ŷ£ڵ˿
ԣεĵѾˡ
غһԺвط𷽲أŸ뵽Լǣ̽͸־ĳصġҽ
ԺеͻȻͱǲôǵĲ
˲ˡ
һζûС
˯ÿˡ
ҪģѰҵĳÿһڲԶԲϣȻѵźЩС
ѳСɽģž֪ǲ١
ֵĻŮϴ
ʵ˼ͷڽϣͷЩʲôʮǧء
ڡ
ϴ·ֳ˸ͣҲ̲ס̴ӣֻŸŮź
ŻĲԲǰ
ߵĺӿʼ
һӡ
֬
ڶġֱǸ֬

ĬΣаѾĺӷȥڣڷЩʲô
ʵˡ
ǰ֮֬࣬ÿÿնȫĨϣҲû취ꡣ
⣬ò̯֬ǰ˵Ǿ仰
˵ְÿ
ֶ֬ں죬ٶ඼
ϣĴֱ֬һ£ǵ̯ǰԵţѪ죡
һһɫкЩΪر
֮öʮֳʡ
ǡЩ֬Щɫظ࣬õϡ
Σյ֬ǷǳĵģžӺ˸
ȻĳЩƺô

ðɣǷǳϼ־㤡
ٵȷʵǵϲЩʲôϡ
˸ϲɫĨڴϣſҽԼû˿ͷĲĶ̵ġ
ֱ̫ҽΪ
ֹѣδתʳ˵ʲô¹ѪܲѪҲδ̫

ˣʱûһûУ
ţѪ죡
Ѫûͣ
ޱԸ̴ӰԸֳ֬Сװãһһÿλɵϡ
Ҫڻʹ³
Ҫʱ˽ǿҴɫĳҪô֪֬ɫḻ
ܿ죬ͽʵʮҸ룬˺Щӵ̴Ҳڿ̤ʺ޹͸
⼸æúܡ
ֻҹʱż˵ϼ仰
ǰ밲Ĵ峿ĨϵҲԼţѪɫִ֬ϺЩְʮΡ
žá
þ˼ֱʮ㣬Żȥ
ŮŮˡ
ǲŸ²ãкЩƵƵĴ
Ц˵ЩʲôŵĵȽüͷˡ
ʺɫԾж촫̫ҽϸ


98 
ЦݽӲ, ûüӦѾʼʾ̴ȥ̫ҽ
״æֹ̧
ͬʱ˵, ų̫ҽΪ, ޴󰭡ֻС°գٻ̫ҽ
ʺ
֣, ˼ͳ˧־ʱɱֱ֮׵Ļʺ, ڵ¹ط壬ǵöزǣ˼
йյʮ, ҲּŲ
ǰʺ޷ˡ˽ŵҲжţõǷзǻѰҪ˵
˭֪˶Ϊη, ֱ˼
Ҳǿˣ»ʹɲûʺ
ҽۺ֮Ǹ, Ů֢֮Ҳò׳ָ⡣
ٳЩʲô¡
󶮹﹬ķ꣬Ҳ֪ǻӡ
ɲ֪ѾôĶ, һԷԴǵĻϵĽŵЦݲҲס
Ը˸¿֬
ô, ͺѪȻжˣ
ϱӴȵţѪѵô
, ǡ
û, ֻʱ˸Ϲڳǰĳա
ָ΢΢, ³ϲ, ʮȽ, пһ䡮˽Ҷѡ
׻ڴǰάֻʺӺݻĸµ
󲿷ֶ֪ǸôӣǰҲֻׯִ󷽡
̵ͦġ
ΪõδЩ˽֪Ҳ
ԹŵӢǼ֣ĬΣʼԼҪô֯ԡ
ֱܲ˵Լ˸¿֬Żῴжɣ
ʺ̬ǧ˲ҪҪҪҲͦҪģɻʺŻҲŮӵıʣʲôҪˡ
ʱǧһЦڵЩӻʺǷŵˣʺﲻǻ˸¿֬ǵòУչⲻ㣬ɫɫĿ֬мְ
£׵ľ
ԷЦݶü֣֪⻰϶Է⡣
ԼƷǶԿ֮֬С
ǧֻΣǻʮһʱǱԹ֬ɫ̫̫嵭ҪΪԷ˶
ɫʵ̫̫˼Щ
ָɫÿȷʵǳĵ÷òһм޷ֱ֮С
Ҳʵ̫ǴȾδɵѪ
Ǽȷʵ˸¿֬δüùǼһյ˵ĹġСһţ˵
ţѪɫſϱȫΧں˼أ
ͲŻʱǳħֵĵزǹͨģ
Щ͵ˡ
ΪԱаԵʣ֬ˮԼױⷽ沢δ̫ͨ
ŵôأԷͷϾûһΣ䳣屦˻᲻⣬Ҳʵ
ǧжԿ֬ţҲûӻǿ˵̫Żʺ㵣Ҳʵ
ҶˡҲȫʶʣ̨ױ£Ҳû㱻ʲô
豭˿ڲ裬㰲ǶԻʺ¿֬Ŀޡ
̫ΪʲôжĿ֬ҿƺϲӣˣŻʺű֬ĵüΪ֪Ҳ
ǽ¶յĺһһ㱨ʺҰ˲Ҳ̧˹˵£˺Щȥ
ߵʱÿж˷ݺблʺõĿ֬
صסյͣǽЩе滤͵á
ͬߣʦ֡
˼ʦھǰԥãŻŮʺ͵Ŀ֬Ѱ
֬򿪡
ſ֬˰ΣջĳЩѵõ˼ʤǣĨڴϡ
ɫ̫ףɫ൭
֬һϣԵ˶˼֡
Ҳٿˡ
æַ֬ھǰ彣վ̧Щʲôعͷ֬ױľСС
Щſ첽ȥ
ڳǰȥɵϺ󣬱ǰӵʥּ
ʱ̧ͷ
ת㱻סˡ
¡ϳüͷ΢壬Ǻ찵ЩֵĿڴ΢΢̾˿ǷѣٽȥҲɣ̫ǿ֪ǿЩҲ
öӵĻΪƿ־֮˱뷨æױȭлֱ˵ǣ־֣ȥ

ϳĬƬ̣ҲٶȦӣ˵ɫŲԾڴ죬ǲ֪ʱ˵֮¿̲ݻţȥѰ̫ҽ
¶ǡõⷽӲ˵˿֬Ϊʺ˹ʱ֮
˵ꡣ
Ҳȵػһȭתߡ
ǽŲ֪Ϊλֽ߳
ϳٴγĬˣϵѵþҪ˻ߣֻ
緢Ҳʵڲ֪˵Щʲô
׻ǲ˼ֲʣͽǵĹάΪ档
֬
ҲգСƭϲãܶһǰϲѪ̴ڵģҲǸο塣
ͬʱ
Ծɳҩζ޹ǧְֱС֣ԴڶǰֻΣֽԼ
ЦѯʵҵĿ֬ǲǷǳǳÿɫ󣬼ֱŮ·
ԣ̲ס˵ͷ
ӦǰǰôװŮģ󶼱ˣ
⻰ɲ
ֱӶС첲ŶԷغ˿תͷ˫ֶǧ
۶ڴ
Цӯӯڣ㣬ղŻ֬ɫǰǰɣĺÿˡҲԣĺܲ
⻰û˵ǧת֣ϣԼʲôûӣ˵档
һ޿֬򿪡
ֻɫʺ죬ǰδ
ǾǼҽ̫ƯˣҶҶ
ͭžԼֶ̫ÿô㴽ݰ׵Сأ
⻰ߵߣЦŴȤ
˴Դֹ
һһžӲ֪ڹЩʲô
ǧ֬Դ򿪿ɫĪ⡣
װſ֬Ĵɹֲڣãд̷ʹʴ֬ݡ
ﶨǳԹ⡣
뾩Զ಻Ǹ֮
֮࣬ʱ䡣
㡭ıѾá
һ㹻˽Ͷá
˼ˣǧɫȫȻ΢΢𴽽ǣЦ͡
һĨֱ֬ȾǺѪɫʣתͷͿЦ
ѯʰ˵ɫϡһΪĿ֬Ǵﵷģûȶ
ԣЦЩ̫Ȼգգ۾Կת˵Ǵӽҵġ
ɲ
ָɵĿ֬ǧŴأ
ϵġ


99 
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׻, ټȥ¶ЩʲôţæžקԵߵױ̨ǰЦŴߴٵɿ, , ƴϻǸʲôģ
⻰ǧЦЦ, ˳ž˿֬
ߴߴСõĴڻֵĳ, ȴ⡣
治ϡ
֬ǡ
;ӣԼֳ, ɲչϸ˵׷컨׹¾տڲᣬǻⶼתǣǿ
ҲֻֻųԳԺȺȵСɵƲա
ǧָĴĨƫϵĿ֬ǰΪ·ְɫʣЦ, ͬʱ˵ҶǴǱƭˣ֬, Ӳǰİɣ
û
⣬Ȼ̯ǰ, ЩɫϡֻҪʵױÿɫʣ
뵽⣬˵Ϳ̫, һЩͺãȻͬ֬Ϳ, ֻǱ
Ŀں첻Ҫ
ͿµĿ֣
Ϊ˼֤ԼĿ֬㹻, Ȳ, ӾһɫصĿ֬, ֿĨ
ڵģ
֪ĻΪҪȥء
Դ, ѸִסˣǰŶԷϣȰƣ߶߶ŵͿһɫ;ܳˡ
ǧСģڵ٩˵Щ֬Ҳ֪ƽյˣ᲻ᷭ
еƽСǴýȢӡ
δǰã˹ÿҲܼϼأ˵ϼС
Ȼѿ֬ȫ˽һû¡
߰ԴԷ߼˵Ҳۣ֬û£ɩӻġ
ȫǰԽĨɫԽصùðֺڵĴϡ
ԴҪðﻹ֪Լ׻
ܶƳ۾ӣŵ۾޿˵ۺãȻͳȥҪ⡣
յʱǻˡ
ҪǴĨϣǾֻʣ¾š
𶯣㶯ˣˣ
˸ڣʪȵӣҲȥĿڴɫ
Ȼ²֬ս
״ˣҲѾţ֮קŵצߣ첽ܵǧ
ԸǳִҪ֤Ϳ֬뷨û⣬Ⱦȥס
׷ӡ
Ÿöׯǧӥ׽С
á
ֽýʤɹѹױ̨ǰεڵĳ˸Ưòеĵɫϵ
ĸо
ǹ㣬ཱུģ
ŰΣ΢Ͻóʸֽ£ʵ̫Ҫջʮ㡣
ü£
ȰСȼ
Ȼ󡭡
ЩʲôأЦôãڳǰ˻ӣʶҲò̫Ծ
ɺܿͱԷǡĿʧ־
ò˵ⴽɫĺƯֻóԺȵϲ
ǧһԺ˿ڲ衣
Ѿ侲ҲĿþǵޱȵЦݣȴʲôû˵
Ѱʱúʡ
ģݵøˣóȻȥ»ʹþҡ
ǴȲ顣
ӷžпȷ֬ȷʵ׿ǲǳԶԷ֣֮һ
ǧҲǰװ׵ģﻹЩʹЩҲ˼ĸҪ֪»ЩѶȡ
Ҫ֪ǻʹˡ
±ס
ĵ֪ԼСõĿգһϺ󣬳ԹţŽߡ
˯ȴµʱȻ˲ᡣ
λıְ
ʺǡء£òܸɵˣַ޹ѻδĵ˲ᣬҪѳСɽ¾
뵽⣬˯ˡ
ǰ񷱶Ŀ־ʼͷ˵ƽûʲôС£ҪǶѸ¡
鶼ԽԽģ
ҪڣͲܰ鷳¶ѻͷȥ
æ첽ƿƫţۿȥ
üһ
ʮˣ
ʱ˲ɲϱǰ㣬ֻɵļžܴǧ򣬹Ǹӵıʻ˿ͷǡ
߶ˣοдߣдȻϡ棬ҪѴ󾾳ٶϡ
룬ǰ󷢺ڣ
̾˿кʶֵļŮ٣Ũ裬Ϳʼ
һæµܶͶ˲ϡ
ĳͬæͣ½׶εĵ
ҹʱֶȥԷûҴӣ˱Ե۾ۣʵۡ
ʲôġ
Ҳò΢ӺЩ
ͷԶ˲ᷢ죬һƻ裬ƿŻص޹ʱȵķֵȻˡ
һˣȫԵģиĴͷ
Ȼĳֻڷϻβ͵ĴūҲû١
ȲΪ˹ִΪͷ
ͷһأͷһضԷԷҪ֪ɶ۰ͰȥĳƫţǰЩӣʮնûεӰӣ
˶ǳټȵġ
Ȼ
ﲻ̫
ˣԷҲͲϧˣ
̴ֽ޹ľŹϺ򶨵ĲԽ磬ֵĸ˸к
Ȼֵ
ԷĶ̲ס
ֱѯǷ񷹲˲⣬ڲٶţſ˳ԡ
ʵ˵
Ҳͦ۵ģһڷڲˣѵ
Ǹʲôӵ˵֪ܲ
׿֣˲ԹſС죬ȰȰȵıԹ˲жС˵˵ţֳǰСòԼĿ֬ɫ
һᵽ֬ϳжĴɼСƭЦ˵󣬾Ͳûؿ˵ɶ۷ЩƯɫ¡
ûгɨˡ
ԷʱǼֵ顣
˵Լ飬ճרĳԷܸĶʱ⣬˭֪Է˵˼ҹ¡
ѯ
ʲô
ΪʲôǸݰʺ
ɿ˫ǵֱֿᣬ˵ʲôʦʲô޻֮ˡ

ãưˡ
ƻϺвʵʦ֣ԷʱĬԵĵ
룬üͷʾ֭Լ̫̫ϢĴǧĳЩõĽ顣
˵
Ҫ߶߶ҲЩ£˵˵ҲͺãⶼǴϿǰǵ뷨
ǧǧǸ֮ġ
ʵҲʰۡ
ùš
üҹԼĳЩ﹬ⷢȤ顣
̱߹ߡ
ʱǰɾÿչ̶ϴʱ
ŴϴɲǼ飬Ϊʺ󣬻˺öʵûʲôôĹ
ƫԡѾϰ߱һС
Ů֪޹УҲ̴۹ţ֮ʺѱˮ
ͷ̴ǼġѱˮŵգգۣϣԷЩϽԼˡ
Ȼ
Ҳÿڸ߰


100 
ֻƵĸԼ˱², ûͷŮͨûƼգõİʾ
ֶգģ۾ˣڵ衣

ڶҲܿ챻Ƶǰ
ٺ, Ҳܸټ, ̴Ƿϴ׼ϴˮҪˣɾ̫˷ѲͶ
ڼԼ
ҪϴС
û취ټŲ, ʵڵȲȥˡ
ֱӿ˵£ҹ, ҲʱûعҲҪȥϴЪϢˡ
ŲǸʲô˼
ܲԼȥϴ, ѵȲ裬ȻϴԼڴϣٵŶԷڽº˯ɣ

ţʵ, ִˣҲǲС
쿪ĴСž, 豭˿Ȳ裬˵Ĵ𸴡
һ룿
΢ɬĲˮ, ŵﻹŵɻ
һ룿
ȥԷǱߣҪһȥϴ
ں֪Ӧ
æˮ, ڹ£ͼͻȻðȻ
Ҳ
Ҳ̫˵ɣ
ʱǽʲô
ô, ôôţ
ǿ侲̧ͷ, ö˫
ͬǶסĿСӡ
ææִԴ
˫Ű״ɱá
ű˾䣺Ǻȶ, , ǿȥЪŰɡ
Ŷϳ⻰, ЦЦ̧־ٱ˻ΣſСʺ󣬼˵޷δƣǺڲˮա
ֻõԽԽҪˣҲ֪ǴĶѧģɻɣ
ʼ˵ˣ⻹ܲǺ
˾֮·˽֪
ʱͷ̴ٴߵľţѯǷҪȥԡ
УҲֱĴߴ٣Ҳ˲֪
бһš
ֱֱӭϵߣһ˵裬ͬԵЩھ߿ɲһʱ治ˣȥѲ裬ʧˡ
˵꣬վͷҲصˡ
ǽŲæǱʲô׷ϣǻﻹмӲ
㼸ĶӵĻ棬ϳ̲סЦ
ľŹغϵ
ܿ죬޹ڰԣֻеһھٱ
ϳвˮվȥȴƳСƭǱ軹ʣЩ
ͻ𷽲ŶԷ˫ͨģ
һ졣
ץǰ״ɱµİȲ¡
ͬʱ
ѾƫԡܻŸ޹ŵĵ
ʶöԷڵȥϴͷϴĶ㲻ļӿ˲٣˿ûܵģ
Ȼ
ٶټӿ죬ҲûǰԼϴģϴ껹ǳС˼Ĩ࣬ٻᱡˬŰƵ£ͷɲɡ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ
ǵģֿüֳԲʹ࣬Ƕı
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Ȼƿţȴûпˡ
ĵɨһȦһȦȷֻôˣֱͦļ͵
˼֡
ֱɥڷŸòõϣǷӵ̴ľӡ
ʱ־
ȷոտûӣ˵
˵϶ǵµģ
첽˹ȥߣ쵽һ룬˻
˫ֳԴ
̴ľӣԼѹںϵ״ɿձ
£ѿձѹͷɶأֵģ
ѵĿЩ
һۿ
ĥ˺þãûʲôãҲͲȥ룬ְ¡
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ڴĴ̴ľӡ
ĿǾӨ͸ʯ䣬ǹˮͷƯƲۡ
ҲǼˣƯʯû۷ۣ򱻵̳ɷԵʣ궼ĥüէÿȥΪ滨
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̫±ֱŽ飬ԥǰѷýе̴ľӷϡ
ۺúơ
ľҡ֮£˸λá
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ҲţǽƼȦС˳
Ҳ֪ȥ̵ģֱɶ칤ͷŰ񣬶ͷοյķۻϣͬԴ
ǰ㾫µСϣĶ̲סð
֪ж౦
͵ʵ̫ġ
Ļŭŵ֪ԴǰãֳճЦ˼顣
ֱŮߴ١
Ľľи𣬸󻹲֡
ԥãǰͷȡԴһң㡣
ľнŮ٣СĴױ̨ҲЩڸˡ
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źȻɱѾֲĸԼõģĸǵ
ձӿãüͷ΢塣
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ʱ׵ΪʲôҪմɱľϡ
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ʵǡʵ̫ˣ
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ȡ˸ûùıӣɿ´ڴڵĲ裬Ҳٿձ
վ첽ɵ˴ϡ
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¡
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ȫǻĴ
Ȼôʱ޿̶أͷߵҽҩ˯ȥ
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ؿڵʯĹĵİԺ˯ȥʱﶼĸˡ
ֻǸʼ
ԴӵԹţգԷ׼ʱڻʺ޹С
ȸ꣬Ҫǻ̫࣬Щмܲס
ڻʵְҵҲǸɻǡ꣬ҹ¿ɶŶԷȥ
ԸٺȿȲ裬ҲòҴȥ
ȻԼҲͦæģǸΪ⼸յķģԽԽң
Ϊ˾ʹࡣ
Ͳûͷ׶̹ɣԼѸ
ڡ
Ŭ£Ҳһ䡣
ǵͷֿʼæ
ÿ÷ʱ£Ҳûʲôղ˼ĳ
˶˼֡
ǴȤ˵ǳˡ
ǧͷһȤģݹԲ١
ʵϣֻ֪ΨȿڣܽŮĻϲڹȥ
СͰЦЦûã˵Ҳײ
֮ǰ飬ǧǲ鴦Щɾ֪Ϊǣ֮¡
Ҳٲ顣
׼Щĸ㣬оĳļСʳĳõ磬ȥʺ޹
һȥ
ǧַ˲ٲԾһ绹вſ塣
ԷĻ˵֮
ɹҲЩȴ˽г⣬Щ˴ɻܲ
ǧͷϣҲ˵Щɨ˵ĶҲȥ
ͦ۵ġ
ܵʲôʱ򱻱ʱҲ֪βճ
ͣЪȲĹͼƿˣǿ֪˾Ҳǣ˾ǰᣬҲǲ˽⡣
˵⣬ǧյСǰ
üСڣݴλ֮ǡ


101 
⻰, źȲ΢΢ͣ١
ֻúֱ
ﺬŵİڲ裬ȥҲǣ³ǡ
ȷʵ˵ô
⻹Ҫȵ۶δһŮʼ˵
ʱĻʺҲ̫, ϥ޶Ů, ӹĸǱ߽˸˫׽ϹŮ
ǡ˵
ߣܴӡ
ﱾҲ޵Ļ, ǹʦˣҲֻЦ˵䡮ӷ𡯡
ƫ, ǹŮ빬꣬ʺУ
»ǹŮͯͯв
ȵ۴á
ͽǹŮɰŮȵֱӽΪ, 
Уۺ۰ܿȫò
飬ԸԷδ
ݴ䲻ȵ̫Ů, ȴʤŮ
뵱ͬ㡣
ʱʮױ첼ӻʹ̵, ֱɵʱ̫ӵĵ־͵¤
ż޵¤ȵ̫Ҳϲ
ʵ뾩̫Զ
ŮԸԶУ
˫д֮ʱѶµĻ, ǵۺҲȡ
֮¤ҵӣԷСʱѴ, ¸ѧ̾䲻Ҳʵʲô
ѯʹ, ±ûٸġ
ӡͳҲôЩλ, ǳҲװ, ֲ, ûôӴ, ҲֻԶԶԷΡ
ʵϣҲûлʶ
ֻȥǵʫʸ踳¥ᣬǵˮƽֶӶˣСֵطܶͶ㡣
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ȻòıǶԷʫʸ踳Ĳѧǵ˸˫֮ơ
ò˫
ﲻ˼ѵŮ˵ֺܵҲ°֮ԡ
ңԶļг룬Ҵææ²豭͵¿вˮԴյǧǰ˵⡭ⶼǴĶ˵ģ˵롭𣿡
ԣģ̌ڽŵ䲻ԷΪ¶̬˺棬˵ȥԴЩӵ֪ܶԶޣʱδ𡣡
ѼȢȥǶһǻʼ֮£ֹ»Դ
Ȼ룬˽Ҳв˻ᡣ
ѽЩ񡣡ǧĶͷСԴƣҲȴߴ٣˵˵Ҳ򵥣ǽ顯ͬˡ

ԼСʲôû˵ȴ־öԷ˵Щʲô
ʱ˾ί˵ǡ
ͬôˣ
СֹҲ±Ҫѹ
ûʲô⡣
˶˵ãҲв飬˵ȵ̫谮ٽ
öˣҲʵƷʲô⡣
СϡǧŸշµ̧תȥԴصһ¡
ԷСԴЦͬʱƵλʱйЦգ
ͬ㣬ѽ
Ҳֻҥգ
ƲƲ죬üͷҲ΢΢𣬹﹬Զﴫı
С˵£ż֡
˼ҶǴСദˣ˵ЦһЦУô˵˽أ
սʱ͸Ҹ˵
аͷˣ
ҥҲãҲգȥܵĶ
ǧ֪ʹڵԲûмܣҲԴ£ת˵Ҳû룬ˡ
˵꣬̾˿
СԴԸǰ۾һգգĶǧҡͷЦЦ˵¤ֿˣھҲ˺Щ꣬Ҳǲ˵
󣬲ȵλʱǵִĵʢ衣
ڣ񵥶󳵴˽¤
ˡҡ˸۲ǣƫƫ˾µ¤ҡ
¤δ
ĸǿȥ㿪ʼﱸΪ檣ƮƮ⡣
ʱһãͶŭ
˵֮ˣҵӡ
ȷʵ紫еǰŻƷǼãԷǸԶ־ߣڶŮ˽飬һѧ߽ܶ顣
ΪĴڸؽѧò׿ԺĺŵӣԺȴҲ¤Զ
˾ٿǽӴҵߡ
ٲңϳճ֮λ
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СƭǱԷ˼ۣҪȵĽ㡣
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ǰЩ겻֣˽ӻˣ棡
뵽⣬ϳСƭӣ˵ЩòɣʺǵÿգȥҲá

գգ۾Ҳ֪ǲ˲ǰС˵ЩӰ죬ܾĿɬɬ
ȻȥŮˣ
ÿƺûʲô⡣
ɣǷǳģ


102 
һһ㺰ȣ
Ļʺ
ܿ
ʲôԴ, ֻǵĲˣ
˵Ǳ㣬ʱֻҪеϵܺסϸ˵λѪԵϲûж׽, ̫ĸ, ҲܸϺü
˵ˣܱʲôڵʱ, ѹͲ£
׼һܱ޸ϼأ
ԽԽǾᣬԹֱֱŵ, Ҳ˵űӵסԼŵС

״, ϳһʱҲʵڿСƭǸʲô˼Էǰ˶ﻶЦ飬ʵڲӦ¶ģ
ԵĲ˵
ǱܵѹȺ֡
벻ͨⱻԼ̫׿϶ɡɫСƭΪοϲ
ĪǶ֮ڣ
ϳСƭӵ, Ǹ߽׵ı㣬, ҲͬԼЩСƽϡ
նԷĻ˵
滹ǰڽʧ˷ȣֱӸ֮˫ױǡ
Ǳֶʵ̫, ö֮УҲ˸ǰκꡣ
֪, Сƭʱڵúܡ
۳˫Ҳδյκ˵еȫǾ󸾹ŮĿޡ
㡮桯Щ˼, ͷҲ
ϳʵ벻ͨΪΣҲȥϸ, ת˵ûÿ, ҲȥѰ, ԸҲ
û˵ꡣ
б͵ط, ˵пգȻпգ˲Ҳ˶Եòˣʱտţûա
ŵĻʹǻʺҲײˡ
û۾˶֪Ӹ̫ģҪǲȥҪ⣡
üλһúúýӴ
ҲǿϳܾʲôطԾСƭ֣ûټ˵Щʲô
ôǿʶһ룬Ƕꡣ
Щǰ޴˽ѵģͣ׽ˣҲӲӶ࣡
˼ܿͰĳƼλЦѯĳ˾ĹŮھǡü鶼Щʲôʫʿ֪д˺ܷܶԵϡ
شЦδģű㿪ʼָʫʸ踳ģϱӽĳλؼʦ
û˼ֻĶֻʣ𾴡
ˡ
˽ʶż̫ߣäʲϡ
˸õĻǰ˵ȴˣѾǵڵûʼİͷԡ
뵽⣬ٴԹĿ
ͬʱ֣ؿ˵úúضС

ϳСƭǹİԹ飬й͹
ܾʲôط̫Ծ
Сƭӿɱǲò˫ıɣ
͵һǿҵΣУͻȻͷǳԼ˵Ļ
뿪˵Щʲô
ȴŵСʺȹվ
ʱˣͷڵأɶϲãҲЩȥЪϢɡ
˵꣬ҲȵظתС鲽Զ
ߣǹģ
ԸܣŰ仰ĵҲ
˶Ǽƣ飬رڵָ£øӼ
˵㡣
ôҲԣʣ˽Ժ
ս˶󣬱˵˼ʲôʲôӾֻϴȻڴ˯
ϴԺﻹ⸡ſ
ڲΧŵƣУҲմ˯
һҹΡ
䣬ŸɣŮٴ֪̫󴫻빬
ɱȵ˵ġաҪࡣ
һ빬ʺйλָߵȻܾôԸ޹
Ȼ
Źûã̫Ǳ߾ѵô˻ȥ̫޹ͷˡ
ϵ˭ҲԶ
žòľͷڴŴ϶ʱ˷˼Եûʺׯϣûй¡أҪ̫ʢ
ȻЩôġ
ĵĴŮѾѡһ׵·Σ̴վŽչʾֻҪָָȥױݾͲˡ
ĳЩ˵С˼
ĳЩȵùλ˫Ҳ̫ңԵԸûɶŵĲݰˡ
˼ȥ
ôȶܱȵùԷĲѧݰҲٻиŵ㡣
ǣμµĳˮཱུĿ֬䷽ˡ
αյĴɫԵְۣ
ʲô
ͷ˵ɣҪʱ̣ɲǺʱҪ
Ҫиʲô˵Сžһأ
Ϊ˺ѵõĻ磬ҲΪ˰ԼģҪȥúƣ⴫˵е˫ж
Ų̤ϷȣСصòˡ
ңңա
˼ʲôԽ顣
ܿ죬ͣˡ
ͬʱĻɣӦ˵ѹŽŲȷͣŰλָߵͻǰ
Ĺؾôࡣ
˵ϰ߲ϰߣǧĶҲֲȥۣʱúûųԱůѾǽͶ˸̥
׸ǴкŮٵĲ˽ȥ
һ
֪ʲôѹȺ׿Ⱥ
ᷢⰡ
ǲ˼ʵĿˮԷֻЦݾ̫˵϶񱻴˾۹ơ
ҫ۱ˡ
ģȣҲֻлҲĳ
̫󿴵ʺ뼸λɶֹסͷ
ڰ֣ʾٶ
״תͷȥֱֱŻʺεϡ
վ˵ϳڰһټټãŶԣǸûϱ
Һúƣļ˲ľͷ׮Ӷġ
ߵǰ
ִԷǹغʮڸС֣ԴЩеϴЦչ¶ʮСצӡ
ĿԼ䣬ֿ̾ȻǸĵ˶
Сͨ졣
ᣬûԵ˼
ǡ
Ư̫ˣһЦһ򭣬ٴŶ쪵ʡ
ϱӣǿǼȦˣ
ˡ
Ǽᶨ־ʼҡҡ׹
ʼˣʮǰΪʲôҪΪǾ䡮ÿ顯ȴ
ĴˣԸ֪ʶ޾
ûĻӲͷƤʫ϶Ը˳

ԣĿ
ϺЩﲻ㻽㡣
ǣ֣Լԭŵλλ̫˸Ҳȷʵûʺ
ȻԣЦż˵Σ
۶Ҫ˵Цˡ
ϱӾǸСҲûӴƯⱲӵǽͶ˸̥ʲôŮˣɣͷһء
ּһ֣ƺĶ࣬һǰʼˣ
㣬϶ǺϲԼ
һ̣˷գҲ˵
Ķֿֿĺ㡣
öЦſת̫󣬼˵ĸ˵Բԣ

Ųյʱ䡣
Ѿһһ㣬ҲǵĻˡСĵģڵõԼӦóĸ޹
ϳĵ黹Ƿˡ
Сƭûк㿪ǿҲ޴ӵ֪㳡ѿСƭѾֿ
ǽ׷űߣôѹѹµЦա
ңңֱСƭЦһ
̤
д
ԣϳվԭغݺݿǸ߻ߵĴԴСƭӡ
ͬʱ
ʧɫеֻñͻȻе㷢䣬ſ·̫ᱡ
ƯͷŲŲƨɡ
ܿͲǻǰ


103 
ⳡΪʱյС, ̫õĻ
ŷص޹ﻹŸ֪Ķ, Ͳ֪Ʈʲôط
ôôõŮ
ŮȤСʱŶԷ, ҲܺƤ˭ܲŮأŮƯ˵ֺ
뵽, Ů٣˵, ѿⷿ︸豾ĻѰȥ鷿, 뱾һ͡
Լմ˸׵Ĺ⡣
Ƕϸǻֿ䣬Ĵʾ䶼ûУʫʡ
ѯʫΣɷϸ׵Ļ硣

Ķ, ƽʱϸ׵Ļ˫, Ϊŵһۡ
ٶ컨׹Ĵ
Щмű߶ˣ
Ӳ˵ܺЩҪ˵ò, Ǿ̫ˣ㹻ǣתԷһͬǰͣ
ŶԼλĳЩ黭ͷ, 裬ֿµ˲, ֶųʦµҩ˻
ܿڴϣ뱧ű˯ȥ
ʶǰ, ԼԼԼƺЩʲô, ô벻
ԼĪǲҪĶɣ
˼, ˯
ҹʱ֡
ĳڽæµĵ, ϰԸСƭҴ𱻽ǣŸհѱӴǼŵ˯ŵСƭһתȥһߡ
ϳԸҴǣǴСƭӵġ
ڴرϡ
ﻹЩŭ벻־˰Сʺʮա
˯𣬲üٻλܿϰͻȻĴ
뱧ŵı˯øˡ
״ϳԼεĶˡ

֣վ뿪
Ųþöδ̧
Сƭǰűѵ֣һһµ
ڽϾЩʲô
ա
˯͵˫ۣں֪Լʲô
˵
һ춼ûŵ
뵽⣬ƿӣצһһϼ䣬ܾģɻ̯С֡
ȥ˺ü飬ûƳʲô⡣
ѵǵף
üͷŮȥ̫ҽ
ȻӽƻĳʦֶŲұߴһ²Ľⷨ͹ȥ

еίᣬţʦôܾûأ
ңô̫ҽԺΪʲôÿĶǳʦ֣
ϴε̫ҽأѵֵôǰ
Ůٶ̽Ųҩˮ
С֣ŷŽȥ仰Ĺ־Ͳˡ
һʱ֪ҩˮЧ̫ǿԼʦ˵û̫С
ǰ밲ɺ
Ϳʼ׼ĸ㣬ְֺ޵ı⣬ЩҲ
ŷſ롣
ƺеʦڣþӦˣڵĵطôܽأ
ٴα׵Ժĳ
ԼĪʱˣܸûġ
һж׼ò࣬ЩĻ˵İʱȵڹд͵ǶƯСˡ
û档
ڿǻ÷գŵеĽʱȻͼԼ̧ĸǴֲľҶ϶¡

ҲŮݰС˵Ĳɡ
մӽͶϻʺػɥֻСūı顣
ǲϹأһС
ϧǹֻЦſʵЩʲôأ
ѿڶսȥഺڿסҲ˵ϷɿԹľӣѻźûСϲҪǮȥ
˺Щ̴ӣֻĸ
㽿Цֱۣ˵ЩʲôͱСײĳ˶Ĳ˵
͵˫ۡ
գգ۾ִ˿ԼԭҲ׵ĳλá
ʵĿˮ
κĸ˵ΧֻԼĲݰԣʾԼⷽûʲôĻźÿ͹
Сһš
ȰȰȰԼȥٶ֪СʱײѯǷ鶼˵˳ȥ
ھоةҵľСŹֻ飬ȤǵĹ󸾹Ů޲ԼҺӡ
ҲѰʱ򣬼ˡ
ɲ֪ΪζԷÿÿӵøƵģ·ʲôµĶΪͬϳܱԹΡ
֪ԭ
ʶԼ˵̫࣬Ҵææסͣʾûвϲ㡭
ʼҪˮ͵ؿ
ʲôʶĿʲôҫޱȣ˵Ǿ䶼ʵ⡣
ɰãǵЦⶼûʧ̡
ܿ˷Ŀ֣֪ʲôʲôúãɲ֪˸ˣᵯٳһ̴衣
˶ˡ
֮УٵƲߵһ
Ҫ˸ǶҪˡ
һա
ո˷еҵС鶯͸¶ֲٵı׾
й˷ݽ
Ҳ֪ǲΪֹ֮ҫ۵úܣĹȦڷ⡣
⻭δɣٹ˿ɺãڳ˿Żڵ˰Сʺա
֪ŮϳΪλĶˡ
ȳȴͨ͸֮ˣȻټ
ԴڵҩСϵЦȴֱչ⻹Ҫã˵úúá
̫֪ãڸɸ밲Ϻ󣬲ʺȥš
øˡ
ղȷʵеڵеСС˼
ɼ̫룬ܲȥ
Ůȥͷõķ
̸߹ҡ
ܲܵ˯ǰСߵҽַģãʵڵֲ⣬ڴͷ˯ȥ
Ÿ˯ûãˡ
ϳСƭƣ֪ԷڵԼеĲҲɢȥࡣ
Щµ˵Ҳ٣㽫Ž
Ȼ
νġաٳδ
̫󵽵Ըĺӣͬʺ˵˹š
Ŷ˵Щ
Ͼ⺢Ȥ̫˶ûϲ֡
ϳܸܲԼĸˣСƭӻعʱҹȥҲ˯ߡ
ã̲
ȥѰͣЩܴСʺ
ͬʱ
ڷϣŻĽУͷ
⼸նԷô໭յʵڲ˼صصŸϸף˸ūͼ
꾩б㴫ūūȥϸūūĳ㽫ū
Щ
ûʲôǱ⻭õˡ
ܿ죬͵ľȵλʱΪ׼¸¥һֱΪš
ԶԶƯС¥ܵļ԰ֲýζ
ֱۼľϪǱߣʯŵϤӰ
Ŀ͵һ
Ƕ̸ǢŵĿɲǵ
ֻ֪ɬɬĸоͣͷ֪Ӧõǡ֮顯
ҲƲסӿĿɬ
һ̣Ҳ׵Ϊʲôÿ˽㶼ҪϺЩʱա
ףĺᡣ
ϣԴˣ


104 
ŷƶ, ̸ӰҶ϶ֱ֣ôƲ
ٰԴ̽ü, ҲŰ֡
·𷽲̻
֤, ǾԲǴûۻʲôģ۾鲻Խʹ˼£Լһأ
Ͷ̥ûκε豸ĸ, Ⱳõúܡ
Ҳ
ǾԲῴ
뵽, ľ೶ŵһȫš
̲סƵƵͷȥ, ͼٿĻ档
ϧʼֻͽȻ
ľһڵʵʵҶĸʽɫ⣬ٲץκɫ
ʺ, ӡ
ŮۿŻʺӶ̽⣬Ҳȥ˼ޱȸӵӾڿʲôЩʲô
ѹ
ֱὫ˰λϡ
ûüع, ͱᰴλǰҲдеҶ, תΪ˹ͬСĹ
գգۡ
ʶʧ̬Ż˵żֻģΪ, ǰδſ񡣡
ŮԼ̴Ų, ΪԼʧ̬ȵĽھôķܡ
ѾԽľƮ̸еϡ
, ˵Щʲôأ
ദʱǰڻ֣
ʱ, ԴͻԼʱСһž˵ͣӡ
ƲƲ졣
ּ޹ǢС, п佱δظ
͵ˡ
Ź´ӵĴ, ûԹͲ
ô֣̤ĸо
о仰ô˵ţֻݹٷŻյơƺܺҲ˵ľ
ߵĹܳ
ĸ¥빬ֻһǽ֮ҲҪϺЩ·
Ҳʱ䣬뻽̴ӵͷعģϾڸ˵ŻԸȥǴˣ
ۿžҪ쵽
ҪóȻȡβɷá
ԵĲᣬԻЩԷ̫Ҳǻ
ôأض࣬˵ٸĵĻ˶л֪ôȥ롣
Ȼˣ統Լʲô֪
ʵҲ֪
ǰϲСƼա
ͣĬţԼſմԣҪµĹȥ
Ǵ߶ˡ
ֻӭǰЦ̫Сצů͵úܡ
֮ȷʵݵȥзա
һЦ
ﴧõĽУ˵²ҴЩʲôɾ벻ĶҲ֪ϲϲ
˵롣
ĳҶ˵Ϥ
ͬʱ˷׷ڵصĶ
ʲôöҲƣϳֱֱڶ˽ŵ˫֣оѹסĲ
˶ӲˣֻԼԴͬĻ㣬һһתȥ
ӭϵԹ
˵ʶܾ㻭ѲǵһڶΡ
Դס
Ϊʲôںȫתأ

˼
ֻÿƯСѣ֪ǽٰڶг˷Ц¾
Ҳд
״ЦЦʺҲ֪ʲô㿪˵»ǿЩȥ񡣴˿գѰ壬´ҿɲñˡ
Ҳǹϡġ
ܷŶ˵˲񲻽˵᲻Ļ
붼ҪЦ
Ҳ֪ľͷ׮Щʲôô㶼Ҫζ
ֱӸǺҲ͵ػع
ĬĬǱůָŵСצӡ
ΪԱյվԭأҲҶϵߣĬĬˡĺѥ
ѥڰ
ڹûʲôڸеĻʺʲôϵأ
ϳǿСƭװģʵ֪ڸĵģ
롣
ҹҪöԷúóԣ
ʺľٶܾö˿ֱŤСˡ
˵ʲô
ͷʵ۾䡮չæʵڳ鲻ʱ侲壬ͬɡ
ߵ
ʺԭأȥǣ
һߣٴλߴߴԼ벻ģѹµĸ
ǧ
ܿ죬Χֻʣ˼ĸҲ˽С
һζ˼밧ˣæ˵㣬ǲ֪ôһطūĹ֮أҸ
ϱèǵĸʱϹһͨ
ŬοǰĴˡ
˴ȷʵ
ֻǸ֪ãʵܲ
ʺ߶߶ΪͯȤһů
к
ȷʵٺⲻ
æʾ㿪ıá
˵ꡣ
ȴһԲĶЦȻɣȴЩֵֹġ
ãûԷڣֻ˵Ϊ㿴ңණ
ҡҡͷЦſ˵ͷװ£Щ벻ͬ˵˵Ϊıı
ﵱȻװ£һǰĴйأ
ȻǶһԸĺ˼룬ôô˵óڣ
ǣԴҡɲ˹ģûûС
ɲʵϡ
ЦƳΪɰСʺеݸŮʾһԣż˵Ҷֱ»ǰѰңᣬִ
һ
ǰѰҡ
䶼
üһȻиĺĹ£ôδأ
Ķʱವð
ĶСʺ飬Է۰ͰͶģкȻȫԼ
ЦЦ˵ֲʲô˵飬ǲǰҪۡЩȲᣬ˵˵ĿգΣ

ԼִɣɶĴˣ׳͵ԸϹ
£϶ԥȫµøɸɾ
ǡ
뷨
ݣ
ϵֱҡͷǲƽϣʼ͸ЩԼĶȴҲ㲻İ顣
Ȼ׻ļҲһ
Ҫţסͣﲻסˡ
һ뿪ص޹ûԼڣԡɵ˴ϡ
ʵ̫ˡ
һξãôһʹಢֵ飬̫Ҳ̫ƻ
Ҳֻٳ졣
ƣڴͷ
ҽ飬ѰЩ÷Լ˯ߵС
˯⽥Ũ
ºᣬѱ°ʹкá
ձ۾
͸оᣱƿ͸˽
ۣײ˵˫
Ŀɾˣ㻶ϲͳȥЩݣɲø޺ú˵˵ЩʲôֶЩʲô
ϳͲԼĲжԹ
Сƭʵ̫ƻ
ǲֱ˵֪ᱻôŪȥ
ŵĻԺкȻ˵ĳЩ֮
գգ۾
ŵСֹҺЩϲ㰥
һЩЩԴһ࣡


105 
, 뿪˵Щʲôϳֱס鶼·𶨸һ˲䡣
Ҳδ
á
ŻдЩ˵Ĺâ, ֱֱʱѾ˴Žѵ, ڵ㷽˵ʲô
ССƭӿ׿˵ϲ̫ļֵĻ
һʱ֮䡣
Ҳֲ嵽滹Ǽ, 񲻶£Ҵææ˻, ȫްյĴݡ
ûʲô
գ¶ͷ˫װ޹ɰ, ˻Դ
ø͵ˡ
Ų˵ڶأ
ѾþҲȫȡδ֪
ʮꡣ
ϱӻǸδ꣬ÿ´ѽڻѹǮأ
ɲ
ҲȷôˣҲܿϵ, ŴɢȥҲûôˡ
ǰѾǸģĿ
ƲƲ졣
ѱһ, 뷭ԶԷ
ߣţ۲ݣ
Ȼ۲, ǵȻһЩ˵ö, ܽݾͽݣñֳ
ԽѵõĲŻԽϧ
Ů, ݰС˻ܷСƢ
΢᳹ʵĽѧԳԡ
עͽ͡
ⱻӲŸճأ
յ룡
Ӳ尴˻ȥ, գۼĹ, ֱطƽŵơ
ڱ±ڵС, Ҳ
¶ڿ, ḧš
עǰȻյüĵӿѪҺܣҽ
ĿֻصʵʵС¹Ҳ֪ʱ
ŹɹӿԵʼ޾ڵתԾһ赸¹
Լùģ
ʵ̫ˡ
ĹҪȥݣ͸ϱӳС˵ӾеĴ˲࣡
ʵ̫ѹȸС
ټҲͷһظڴϽľٶҶԷˡ
Щ޴롣
۾գϰ죬С֣ͼȥƿЩ
צӸսӴʯ˿ĵʱܵԷﴫȣƵķɿС֡
֧֧Σűһ仰
㡭ѹͷˡ
ǵģȥʹôӡ
˵
ʶ
ϱӴɫѧƷг֡
⻰ϳδ˿벽ַɿ콫Сƭɢͷں㷢£
뽫ǷڶԷǰ
ָʵ˳ϸᶯָںڳ
ӹһ٣תͷͷ䵽
Ҳ֪ΪΡ
Ķʹȡ
ԷֻͷطýЩ޴ȴҪ֮ǰҪϺЩɫ
㡭ҵͷ
òУִԼķβӵ
һͨˣĶù书ĵ
ֹУ
⣬ա
ػƺüΣ˿Ҳ֪׷˶ãֶ̧ˣҲֱӰצ˱
ĹĵĽԴƫһԡ
Ҳٶˡ
ϳֻСƭģɰý룬аķβɨɨԷ΢Ķ
ͬʱᵽ૰ѯʵ㻹ûش޵⡣
檿ɲ֪˵Щʲôס̵Ķ䣬ͼӹͬ㡭
Ŷ
ǵĶ
ⷽɲˣҲ֪Ǵѧģ֮ǻɻɣ
״ϳЦЦֽ㷢Сƭǰȥס
Щ
յСƭӶϣյúܽ룬ֻҪ˵ĶȴһЩͨĶ
Цһ
˵֪𣿿޷ˣ˵ޡ
ֻõĺͣȥ
ʱʱܵҲǴС
עȫڶϡ
Щû˵Щʲô
Ȼ
ҲֻǲЩ
־ᶨôױ鰮Ի⻰ءߡһͱӷӦûҪ죬ǺҲܴŴڵһϲ
һѣ
ϲҲܺŲȷĴ
Ҫ͵
ֻ֮ϲûõĳ̶ȣ
ŶϳСƭŭִƫȥԴдǰδеᣬѯʵΪһ㣿
СƭӶ˵ÿ㶼ϲϲ
⣬ģ
ƶԷճľͷɲֹһϲ
һϲȲЩǡ
ϳϴЦȴκʱҪΣգ΢΢Сƭȹ⻬Ƥ˵ǲʶµ㶼Ȳ
㡭ôԼұ㶼е
ѿڶôܱȵùڲΣյʱɲûжΣĻ顣
˿ʵʱĬ
ʱȥ˵ɧǲĬҲж飬
ٴһ鲻Ը˵ϲϲҲǲһģֲǼһһ
ԭˡ
ϳչ¶ЦգŵҲȫȻʧָĥһСƭӹĹĵա
ƫͷٴδյԷǰ
ôһ̿Ķ˵ԭǰޡ
ûô̼ģһͷֱֳѹϵĵȥ
Ҳ֪ǶԷûзڽͷͻᱬһ֮ɹƿҲûλãɺôЩϢĿռ䡣
ĿϲĵܾԼһҪȥ˵ЩʲôöԷʵ
ԸǸӣŲҪ̤˵İ硣
ŭǿʶ
ϳˣҲֻЦЦƸҴǶ̫λĽ˵Сƭӣɲ˵ģ׿ԡ
ȵϲϲͬ᲻Ǽһһ
ǰ
ҲŲСƭӣѾӵЩСţĺǸƵġ
֪ĻΪƭ˵أ
ʵϣС綼ûг
ֱֱٴοʼԸ㷢ϳ˵Сƭӣһ˵ǸǸ
ϰ죬ûǡĴҲ֪ôģֱð䡣
ɫߣ
ϳһЦδİ֣ϰŷβĶδͣﻰﵹǿʮ㡣


֪˵ЩʲôãǸ鿪˸ϣôоƤǽ
ԡ
˵ǽСˣӦﳤǲʣ
⵶ǹľͷֵܵǧ
˵Щʲô
ǰһ
΢
ûӦͱ룬ɾ
Ȼ󡭡
ǽдڣʡ689֣
ò׻عȥƿܿٴαѣεС
˷
ֱҡ
ὫƿͬʱѱӾǰ˵ҡһС
ټˣ
ĻǸأʱѾԳޣʻδ꣡
⻰ϳֱЦˣǰɬִżŭµὫԷһ㷢ڶ
Ц˵ǣ㻹С޵Сʺ󡣡
̲סͷ
ɲ
С
޵㳤󡣡
ϳ̲סڹɵСƭӶһǡ


106 
⻰, պ˵˫קڵǰıӣɵͷ
СԴҡ£ʶ˲Ծ
ҡҡ׹ĽΪ뱧, æ˵ɡһûӦҪأҷ˵Ǻеϲ, ѹûȷ
ѹ˼·ǳ
·ʵ̫˽ȥͿͰԼ󡯸ȥ
ϳСƭǽ⼫ģ, ݲ˴رϡ
˵ǸΣ
˵룬ץסСƭӱ¶ϸ, ָĥ£ڵ, 㷽Һã
ܾõлԸ˵ġáûжԷ㡭
ĳЩɫʣ
һܲأʼֶ, Ϊģ
æֳرš
־һֻצҲȫѱӶ
Ѹ
ɺá
Сһ, ЩȫУּһٶȺڳ
ûټ, ֻǽ̫ı°͡
Щſ
Է߼רעִƽʱδֹļ, С¹ײĿҲ˼֡
գգۣ˵ҪŶ
֣ϳЩ⡣
ѽѽɿԴ, 룬°, ˵署˯ǰʲôġ
˵ꡣ
˸Ƿ
ʵ, ʱ񵽲پ, ʮԼ޹Ȧ

ҹɫʵ̫
ķչҲʵ̫Ѹ, Сವľɲ໥ͨİ硣
Ҳˣ
ֻи̵СҲˣټȥ˶ס
ΪԸĽ룬û˯ⶼǿ˯ǰ˯£
뵽⣬æڶǷ
һԼķǳģ
ϳյСƭֱ׵ֱ׵İʾЦһ
Ƴ۴⣬Ҳ֪ʱ磬㿪ڵҵСʺʲôĹأǽδ˵ħ֮£ǡ
˼ѹͲڹϣ˸͹ԹԱ۾
ȴŵǽٵĴ
Ҳǽշֻ̫࣬ǰĥʹ룬֮۲Ųһյʱ䣬Ͳ֪˯˹ȥ
һҹΡ
΢ʱǳ׼ʱѹŮٵĴ߻Ҫ۾Ʊ𴲡
ȫްյ
ϱӵ֣ȫǸйصģ𵽲С
Ҳ֪Ǹʲôԭ֮¸˵о綼Ҫϼ֡
̫Բߴߴӿɰ԰ӿʻ͸Ʈ㹬ǽ
Ӵʱоһˣ
Υġ
Ѱҵͼ˵Ŀ֣ķΣٿǸĶ׹ֳҶڵϵȹڡ
Ưòˣ
رǴڸλϣ涷ޣ˱ȻҪ֣
ɿһЩҪ¡
Ҳûǰġҵ֮¡
ЦеЩó³̣ƮƮļ˾䣬Ǹõӣȥƣý
⻰һ¡
֮ǰΪֻͬǿӦеɲб䣬˶Ծˡ
׷˵Ǳǲͬ⡣
ЦЦǴŸʲô⣬ȥ£Ҳȥ¡
ôˣ֧úܲɡ
⻹ҪҪЩԼҲòס
һ˽ԿɴȨã£ʲôطô㣿
ʵȨǼܳʱӼõӵҲûãЩȨƼҲŲʵıֻܿա
ǴҪ͹ˡ
ʵϹŮ̫࣬ҲòãТȥ󲿷ֶǽ˼ܹ
ҲûЩˣɼڻʹôã˭б̵ģ
ȵĸǸ־ȹ̫󡭡
׼ʱ֣ܶһ̫ܶݣϾЩˣ̰ʵҲûˣˣʹɶ顣
ã뵽һ̯ˣҲʲôա
Ǯûˣ׬ǡ
׬ˣôǣи׬ġ
ʵڲУ˾¡
ٿҲʲôطȥ
뵽⣬΢΢̧ʾ⣬ڵ԰꣬ͬ𣬺ΣҪóĵӡ
һʶ뷴ϾദֻҪǸ˶֪
ɴ侲
ϸ룬ȴ־
ȷʵദҼ䲻Ůˣ˵ǵӴĵزټĺ󹬶Ӷ
Ҳ˶ѡ
̸£ԸͣνŲ
󹬵ȴĳĳЩ˼ͷݲ֪ɸߵ⣬ĺúõġ
رʱĵ
ɽԲ뵽ҽϡ
Ҫ֪Ҳɣ
Էɽʹ꣬ôŵʺôƣȻϡ棡
ʱ䣬˼
ΪˣΪɣֻΪ顭
֮󲿷ɶ̤ţ񣬻Ͱǵǰ
ʮʳ㶢ţҲ
ȿȣеŵġ
Ŀ⣬ߣ뵽ϱӳдʱŵųпŵϴǡ
˵ġ
ձ㵽⣬պǽԵ뷨ϳɲᣬɱ
Ϊʱĥհ밲
˵꣬վ̬첽뿪
ٲߣҪΧˣ
ݰ
⶯ȴû˭жɶվԭ
Ҫµִµ˱
ÿҪԷÿնµ˲ҪԣϾԷҲҪ˲ġ
ƽʱ߸߶˱ضҪ鷿ʮȽպһӣҡͷ̾Ρ
ɽղͬ
ֻԼɾ˱գһͿԸ꣡
ʵϣ͹Լ
ͷ£δϺ⣬ѾһйҪּ
Žյ϶ţҹŸ˵úñأ
㿪ʼ׼
÷ʢĲȣ޹ŸӾϸҲǷСһӣ˺Щˡ
ϴڣٻϾѡ·ױΣԼŪ磬Ϳޱȵུ
һ׼͵ͷҲơ
޲΢΢Ϧ˽
ԻŸŲĴè
ûжٲ
ϸƷ֮¡
ȴֱ˼˵ζ£Ǽв˵Ӱʱʱһ𣬲úܡ
ʱ
Ȼűˡ
ǰ밲
΢㶣˵Щʲô



107 
㡭ɱҽæҷ¿, ƽԵƶˣæִסԷ졣
˼仹Щ룬ֻǽ˵ĸ첲
Ÿ⿪ڵȴȥƫźȿȲ衣

ŮӦ, ˿, ˵СЩɱͷȥ
˵ŮСҲ·޹ſڡ
̫, ܾþǧǽĶ
޿Ǽˣֶزأ͵͵, ɺͳ
ϳ϶ûʲô, ɻȴڲסС
ŭֱԹ
⻰治֪ҪôӣϾÿһƵģּ, ̴Ӳ˵ҹá
׼ˡ
Զ׼
Ҳѡ, Ҫ͵͵ѰҴ̼˭Ųɣ
Ȼ
ôǿ, ϣҪĵ, æЦſ˵Щ鷳檶, ³檵Сˣǲǡ
ǲǸ뿪ˣ
ôϣɰ, ҪǵǸܲ, 綼Ҫְ
Ȼ֮ǰѡĵ, ĵߡ
ھҪ᳹װ¾
ԭĴҲǲ, ϾŮɫͷʵ̫ʹʡȥ鷳Ҳܱ˽Ǹܡ
ԡ
ΪάסĳúŷɥԸ趨
ؿĵ뿪
еļжҪðڵ첲ϵҲʼζͣߴš
޻ûеСҪϳΪζ˵ţּǰ㴦ŵĻ棬ڣȲ
ɲСƭǾ䣬ֻһϲ
ȷʵǲͬϲǶЩǡϲ̫ա
ôأڳﵱȻҪģ
˵ʱ۾ûգֿò棬Ͳؿڱ֤ˣ
ܲҪ
ȴ˵⣬ʹѹˣҲĶͷ˾أ
ϳѾֿ̬ˣСƭӣѵʱ۶գֹǻ滰żٻȥ˵ټٲѷֱġ
޿濴
ýĵѲ־ҪŶ˽ΪΪжӦ˵ҪСǰ飡
ֵֹģǷҪָơ
Ѹ㣡
ûκ׼أŸǰʵʱ򣬾Ҫô˵ˣ󹬺òװǴۺ
군󹬵ƽгԻᱻƣ
΢΢üΡ
ϱоǳУҪħܴħֱûбٺòİ취ˣ͸֮֮
΢ģ˵Ǳأ檿ҪģĽˣ
ƻϳ̾Ϣ
⻰գ۾̧ͷԹش檣סˣ
һʼϷ
ɻ˵ڣ˳ⷽȥ룬ʱҲЩɬҲ˲ˮĹ⡣
ͷ̸ɲ֪Լˡ
ûʧܵý
δĽκŮӣ಻ϲж
ϳעСƭзˮԷϷ²̣شΨ㣬ֻĽ
ûıףʱĿǰֱ̣յԣִ︡ϡ
ſڣ˵Щʲô
־ﶼ˵ĵ˵̫දĻȴʺŨʱڡ
ĿãŸɰͰͱ䣺Ҳһ
£֮ңۺҲԽԽ
ֱèӣ˸ĥצ
͵ػعСûƫأҲ֪˼衭
ʱ䣬ļ
̧ԼգĿһתǼᶨ˫ְϵֱۣҡβͣ˵£ʱˣЩȥɡȻ֮ǰ裬Ҫˣ
״ϳСƭϵתĲȡ
ͷһشӶԷЩϡĴʣԼӽ⣬Ҳ֪ŵ˼
ЦЦ
Сƭҡֱۣճӣȵˣͬʱƿ˵𣿿ʺǳ޵˼ȲЩ飬ҲҪָ󵽣ȵģΪҪȥ˵ͨ
󵽿ɲôõģ
˼Сöǹ빬ŮͨģŽһ
˵ˡ
ԴڣˡصòܼˡԼ޹ǴΣɴûоܾӼСǣ
ͻȻֲܾʲôҪ£ֻԲӵƳ⡣
鼱֮¡
ֱ۵ƣ͵ذСԴݵԷǰǹգࣾ¡
˻ԭλá
˵Щʲôȴǵĵط͹
ƳԸſڻûüֵС㡣

ֱվõûǰ˸ߡ
ǰƣټʮĴȰһڰ˸ˡ
ͶС㡣
ĬðΣֻ㱻ɡ
˴طԾ̫ʱ䣬̿СǻΪǼȲҹﲻͣϲæŮͨ
ǾţȵСǽ
ڸ̫ǿ鲻ԽͿ㡣
Ҳûʲô˼ɣֱ˫ץһһڣټڶֻе硣
Сýûͣ£ֱץ㣬˵£ӿ̫óˡźʱʪѣȥʱ䣬ΪǷſ˳ԣ
ŮѸꡣ
ŵİūٴצӰ˰룬Ҳ˼ˡ
ۣⲻǹֻ˭С𣿡
ֱֱϻƵĴèּԷԷ׵ĶȮܴ򷭡
۰ͰͿ˵ģСˣϻƢҲˣ
Ҳһʱ䣬Ÿ졣Цſڣ˿㣬èŷԷˣ㣬Ϳʼѵèūٳˣ㶼ˣٳϲǽ
ִȥƿ롣
èȴȼĶצһƣŲ˸򣬳Եٶȶӿ
ô
һţʪȵëȥüС֣ߣӣ˵Сè䣬ҽ첻ʰ㡭
èսһ
ټǾǳӦʱ
ΨЦžעСǵǧǸҪһ£Цݶǣǿ
ʢµĲȣΪ׼
ǰ֮ŷõóŹյĹץŵӶ˲졣
ҲֻоððʧʧβͶûɨɾļһֱ׳˵ŵĽڡ
ҲЩ
ʽӱѡµΡصؾĴᷢױݡ
ðڵס⡣
ҲֻƭֻԳԺȺȵСϡ


108 
˺, ĪҪ֣ḛ̀ЩҲ޷
ǧ˰֣̾̾, ŴǴЦ, Ȱ˵ˣٲ, Ҫˡ˵ȷȲ˳𣿡
⻰ŵæС졣
׷Ŵè, æ˵ɱͬèèƽϣ¡ǴǰЩԸĹ, ȥ͵͵Щˣ
СûôȹƣͷһسľǧĹ
ζ̫ˡ
ƮƮ, ·ɾֵúܣ㲻Ⱦ, ǹ˶ӻҪʱ̱ѲС
뵽⣬ĬĬ򴽡
ڸè, ҲסվԷȥ, ˫һ죬æץסԷ°, գŴ۾ҵĺԷ, è, ܹ, Ҷòˡ
, һЦ˳
ת˫צץסЦ˵ԭСèɰסˣ
˵ɲèҲʲôЦͣص˵ͷشǵģҾСè죬Сèſأ
Ϊ˳ԣʲôèܵ
ǲҲͷһرô˵ϰߵòϰߡ
˵ĲôܽþֵֹĻǿɰը
Уߴ߻ߣ˵ôǿɿɰСèţھͿҲŲǹˣȻɰô͸ȸ
˵꣬˳ʢ˰뷹ּ˸ȥ
Цмڣӣͷϼ㣡ȻҲӣȻֱӺȾ𣬶Գθɲá
ǧһҪȸƵĶ˼֣˵Сñã̫ɡ
ȱȣѵüãȻҪʹ죡ȴƵƵǧ۰Ͱ͵ģŶС
Ѻӱġ
ܲСè
ͰĲͣСԴûп˵ȴж֤Լ֧ⷬͬ֡
ѵü
˵̫üֱٷµ飡
ǧŶ˶̬Ҳ˵ЩʲôߵЦȫϲÿֵͣΡ
ȷʵá
Ҳ֪ͬСʱ˴ЩʲôֻƲ˻ĳֻū֪
þƴòˡ
Եǳޱȣ˿ƣܾûЩʲôȥԶԲǰѻҵƽʱŽƵļ˹
һŻһھò
Ű״СƱССžƵ˸˿ŸԷ˵ԿŻף˾Ͳ
û˵ꡣ
ͻȻձڵþƣ𣬺úúȣ˾͸øΪ飡
˵˵ţĿⶢԶԱ̺ëĴè
һЦտվҡҡλūЦ˵èҸһ
Ҳ֪Ǵèҡҡλε಻Ϊ壬ǳԵ̫붯
ͱץסֻצӡ
ôȹ
ץèӺЩצӺ󣬱Ľè䱧ڻУҵ˲֪ѧ衣
èֻצӶýģԭǾιôʳһΡ
ȴû뵽ס
Ҫ˿µҡΣ
޿ֱֱԶһ࣬Ľеء
èҲĺÿǲǣҳãèſͣ־䲻ɵֹþĺ
Ӧ˵Ǻ
м仹Ǿأ
ˣǾ衯ģſֺϣſβ૵ŻףҲ
Ҫ֪˲
̵ģǧʱ⽫ƵŨȽͲ٣Ҫ˵ʵϱϵĿڸвࡣ
˾
֪ǧΪֹ
˲ֵúܣرǧöûܰסʼ׷Ϸֱ۵Ƶļһﻹֳ޺档
ŮٳŰס
״ֱӷԸŮٽλСͻ޹ҼϡҪƽ͵Ҫһҹ
±ġ
͵ҹ⣬ʹܣСˤŻǵпܡ
Ĵϡ
Ҳʵ۵òУǺ棬̫ķ
ϴϺɵϣȵȿҹ᲻סˣմͳ˯ȥ
ա
컹ûǾ׼̴ͨ˵Ǽ룬ΪԼ˼ʱ
ɿ컻
ӵ緹ûϰڣ޹ȥˡ
ŻûԶԶǧŵûɵģƶ֪û˯á
ʱĵŮҲصԡ
ϸǧԷҲûպãҹǲ̫ƽ
ڱʾҪͻȻЩ顣
̬󣬵СȽŻ˹ȥ
յĳ밲עҪࡣ
ǺȻͨ˾֮˶мõӣŲһҹ䣬Ӫĥã˱
·ȺǰΧǿ⡣
ƯıȺǻҪ£϶Ц˴˼仰ȴŵ
˵úҲϡ
ɶԵǱڵˣǰ仰ԸöԷȥȻ
оͬǻʵۣƯ㶼ųңΪЦȴ
Ŀǿֲ˹
ҴӦɣֻ˵һɻʵ۹Ŀѡڵ
˲ľͷΣˮֹ˴ա
òȻһ롣
ֹ˵ǵġ顯ֺȻԸƺֻ˼£ûʽ㱨
㿪ʼ˵Ƕܸɶ˲ţ˵ô˲ײܰ컨׹һ󣬻˵ֵĹɣһ֣ʱдǮһ׬
ɰϳЦ˺üء
ҲСƭ̫棬ûСȻҪǶԷϺӡ
˵ĺû˵꣬۰ͰͶŵ˵ôôǳ׬׬Ǯ£
ʹǵԼģȴųȥɹҲйĹءϳɫ˵ţСʺԭްһתûԸ⹬Ҳǲܳ
˵վЦҮҾ֪ˣӢ䡢֪Ρڼ񡢿жȡ
ۿСƭԽ˵Խףû˸ҰϵĴʶ˳ϳƳ۴ͷĺҹ
˵ҹɫпɣ޳ȥ£ɺã
ͷִͨ
ʺԼ淶޹

⻰ֵչȥ˶ӡ
ûǰ١ӣ޲ʹ
ܶùȥϾȴͷµ¹ء
뵽⣬ŵգգۣż˵գȥºòã


109 
˵, ɫÿԭЦ˲ڳǲǰ΢΢ĴǶһֱߡ
ҲЩССС顣
ʵ̫ɺˣСùѰȾƾͲ˵, ĲǵҪȥλǻǡ
ڻûͷӦ, һжеòȣ
þöȲĴ𸴡
֪ԷǼȲ뿪ģʵ, ԸҲȥʲôɢɢǣǣЩĴ䴥ѵ
, û취
˵Ǿûȥչǵġ
۾գöˡ
ЧҲٵȴĴ, վ첽ߵԷߣϤĲϽࣺü¡
˵Ŷճȥ£ʧ, ҲЩȥϢɡ
ͬ庢ͯˣҲҪԷش, ת˳ȥЬӲȵ졣
Ÿ뿪޹
Լûлж, ЬӶʺܶתС˻ȥ
δ뿪ϳľŴԼСƭϤĽŲ, ⶼЩΪԷӦЩû¹ʺ޹ܵ, Ըһͬȥ¡
̧Сƭķȥ뿪ڡ
Ȼ, ҴææȹܶȶͬнŮ˿ڣ, , Ҳ, Ҳʲôˣ̫أŵԴѹɽƵģ򵥵ͷȫԴϾͺá
߶߶˵һѡ
Ƴѿĵ֪ĻΪǰ
ȻΣҲĳ鲻ʱ䡣
˵˾䣺أҪȲߣ
ϳ֪Сƭעû취Լҹɫһ⻰ֱվٷת
գۼ䣬ûӰ
ۣͷһؼ书ÿÿ̲ס̾ѾȡŮ٣ߵԷǰ˵˵㱾أ
Ͷ̥С˵
ôͲѧѧ书أѵԸôûǾȵ빬ʺ
ϱӣض׵Ů
ģֽ̣ʮܵñһɡ
Ůٱ߷Żʺشš

һҪֽ̣ʮ꣬ʱĬˣǰ߻Ǻ߶Ҫο߽ϡ
ֱǰ뱲Ӷûû
ĬĬ˵ˣõͨҲͦá
óԺúȺ˯̸̸
ʩչȭŵ飬ǽרҵɣ
յʱ䲻ŮپΪúϳĴ磬ҲͷСûеõȣ첽˹ȥ
Ѱ˸˵õЩ˵ЦȥרõĴ԰
εĻǳǲμ⣬˸
󹬵ĸı䣬̾ͬʱҲܺרֵ¸˶
ǰ֮ʺ󣬱԰š
껹ھʱҲ뷽½ãЩҲżЩš
Ͼµĸ׾ȹȵۣĸ̫ΪϵЩԶ˽ҲǻԷһá
ֻΪѡ빬
뾩꣬뾩ǰҲԼóµ˼ԭ̫ڣǹŮܳ¡
񡭡
빬зǱȴδ䡣
⼸ͬ˵ҲԷ˼ڣ뿪˵ЩʲôȴּԸҲˡ
ԥá
ѡ˶Դ¼Ĭԡ
Ȼ˹˵ٶкãǲµѡ񣬼֪кۣҪȥء
ʱŮҵ˼Ǽ¡
ͷܿ԰ɵĵɢȥСȵŮڹУ̫أҲɶᵡ֡
ǰھҲԾн黹㲻ĹŮ빬ɡ
ܿΧΧһȦˣɵͬʱ˵Ц
ȵˣռõλã˵ҲЦҲĻգʲôҲʲôɫ¶ϵĹâѹס
ҲõڳȻˣŵࡣ
˺һٲ䣬ٱʾûܰװҲâɵģ
ﻹ˲ٻ˵أ
ͷĵ룬صشͷ԰ĴģźöΡ
ǶǣЩϰߣǲǧţһҪ˵
ץ˳һɢСצӣ߶߶ٹĵҲǿտʼչֽŵ㣬̫ҽ԰ţҪ̫Ҳ
һ߶ֱ߶˶롣
û취ֻɿ֣һͷߵԼλվá
пŲ֪ܳŶãǰĵ㿪˵ˡ
λ˶վɣ¼ӱ֫ء˵꣬ȥЦ˵㣬֫ؾ󲢲ȤҪԳԣ
¶˿ڣܹⷬ⣿
ЦߵǰǶĸߣЩֱŵİǵȥ¾Ͱæϵá
һ׷׵£ⶼûʼԣͽ˵ġ⡯
㣬״λǣɲ˼Сæڣ˵㣬ɡ
¡
˰֣һһ̧֫󣬶Ե˵ЩʼɣȻҪʱˡ
⻰ǸмУ֪ãһԵĲͬⶼ˶ǽмսˣɲͨܳġ
ﶼǡ
Ÿտڻ㣬ͷĵѾģڵĻȫȻĹ
Ѿתʼųֱֱܶɱ׾֫ϣܵĶԷˤǱʲô
˺αݿأ
ôţһգ۵ĹĻʲôǰȥڷƮ۵Ӱͳǰͷɡ

ĬˣϤĽŲʮȽյ¡
գգ۾ﲢڵˮ
ԭ书ֻһ
ɴδ֣Ҫ֪ɵۻʱԣɴδÿÿֻ̫ߡ
Ͷ֪ԷٷУҲû뵽簡
ֱԵǧ˳䣬ŻعæǰͷŲ
ͬϲǧüͷ΢壬ܶġ

ܴӹһʺ޹ͨ裬ҪҪùźŵŮ̴

Ƴԣźŵ֪ܲأ˵ԵŮٴ书Լضһʱ֪
ôŮϣ֮á
ضݲ͡
ǧ֪ߵλŮٿǳԵ֣̫֮ź꣬ʱŵߡ
ԷΪŮڹѣްѱ֡
Ůߣǹж޼
Īǡ
˽֮ͨǡ


110 
뵽, ǧһģЩˤڵأǵۼѸֽ, ǣ߳顣
ӿʵ̫š
ϾͷܶŲٵ, ǲСĳֲ̤鷳ʹˡ
˼, æؿڣҵͬʱЦųл
״, ˰֣ɫ, ˾ʾϢһȦڶȦٴӶβʹ롣
ٴεл˵ͷ, ܶŵɡ
ܿ죬ֻʣЪϢǧ, Ͷ¹ɶŵԷƮƮ, á
ο޵ǰ㲻Ծɢҫ۹â
Ů֮ˣѲԷߡ
ô, Ҫˡ
ϲжŮӣֻǡ߽Կɣ
ǧʼСദļ䣬ƴ, žԷǶαŮӹΡ
߰˵ʱҳҽȥͷҲʱɩɩҪڿ㡯֮Ļ
ǰŶԷǰȥص㡣
ʱǧΪǾڹʦϰҽ֮߾, մЩԡ
ȥ, Ķȥ㣿
ǲȵƺʲôطźã
֪С, ȴִ, ʱ˵ΪЩȤܰٲ롣
öˣҲͲȥ⡣
ǧϸ룬Ц඼˵ŴǾ治Ծúܣ

治֪ǺʱʶϵģҪ֪Сʱ֪ΪԶԶͱ˿
ѲɣΪ̫ĽŲȥ棿
ǧüͷһɶǰԶܹȥû⵽
ǵѣŸȥ
ܶδƿĻԴ빬ľٶ
ֹܣŶԷ۾ҪøƵģŹնȥʺ޹ڲȥ

׮׮ټ쳣ٶ
ǧ뼫ϣѰ©ԼԳƵǲ˼Ĳ²⡣
ڵָ¡
ĵĻʱĻƣھεѵҲǿԸõ˵ϼ仰
ˣҲһ͸ظ
ǧҲͬ۵òУ˻ЩģϾĽƣƽǹϵЦⶼûôȻ
ŲԶԵľ
ԴԴϵĿ佱ٿЦΪȥͷϵĺˮһɵܡ
ʵڿȥǧֱӱƺֻҪȥԣ¾Ͳʵ
Ҳ֪ԼôصԼ޹ġ
ǲЩԾֻСΪˣ¸ͣҪȥ̫ҽܻ伲ҽ
òװСϣҲϴɵϡ
һ˫ۣǾ޼ģ
˯ȥﶼ׮鱻ҷ乬̫ھִУû乬еľͲ֪ʧ䡭
ǧŵֱӾѡ
ҹζ˯ȥ۵
ͬʱѹɲ֪ԼСΪԼһҹ˯úãξжͬŵԧɶԡ
ǵЩӪ뷨ӡ
ʮ־ͬӭӵ˰㣬صĲڵÿ仰˼ޱء
ɲʲô׺ŪС¡
ÿλɵﶼðڱصõ̹⡣
ɨһȦԼСÿûɣҲԣЩɻ
ĳҲÿڡ
òӦɣ룬ֿ˵߶֮࣬λǲļȳԳǷС
ǰЩܴʻѡɣŽЩСӷ濴ͬʱ˰֣ǡǿȥæ
̧ͷ
ﵹɣԸ뻽ŮٽµλСȴûӰ
ȫ뿪ֻʣ̴ӣŮ٣տöԷȥСôˣԷĻظ
˾ҹδ˯á
ŮǾشһ飬ҲӼѯʣͽȥ
ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȥ֪ʧߵʹ࣬ǧԴ΢΢ü˵ʦֳ̫ҽⷽ浹ֶΡ
İҲࡣ
Ҫ֪ûڼɣ¿ˡ
ֱǲȥĹ˻Ҹ֮Ѿ˯¡
Űģȥƫ鷿ʼǵӡ
˵ʵɼǹŮδǰѧܼңҲĿȾƹĸβٳеļױӡ
ЩէһͶͦС
ɵûʵʹܹӣûаҹƻˣȴǿ¥ǷһҪ
ʵҲûʲô̵Ĳܡ
еϱӳǰĹ̼ҿȥľ飬ҲǳŲƼƻſвУôСµġ
ٿӾӪ֮ԳƵ廨š
ȴͨҲͰգӺζ඼ȥ
˭᣿
˼翪̼ôĵ
һ죬ûӣȥֻΨ뷨ȽϿС
ġ
Լûв͸˰á
Ҫǿ֬ƽ۵°һֱӰˡ㷷ΪȥŨ޿֬
Ҳ֪Դôġ
֮ԷƾССǷװͲ²֬ļ۸ضߣԳƵǵʾгֲ˵
ֻҪѰ̷·ӣӡ
ºʹ͸񸾵ǡ³Ŀ֬ɫϲˡ
ɸò࣬ʦͨ߾·ߣֻİװϣټһ͵ɫš
֣𣬵ԼǸԽߣǡ
˺ü顣
ҲʲôҪ˵ģ뷨Թ۵Ŀ֬Ͷ̫
ĥҪôġ
°̧ͷ⣬ŷɫѾ
ȻҪòͻҪɢʱٹ
ĲӶһԡ
ֵĻص￪ʼױ磬·Żһ룬ͱ֮ǰ
ʱ磬Щʱ
սǧǲÿɫԵ޹ſڵţӭ˽
ȥûּǧɫأ֪ԷҪҪͬԼ˵
侲լģҲС¡
ˣ
̴ӡ
ϸĽŴסѲ֪ںδİҲ
ǧԣСѯʵ㣬Ƿʲô£
ֵСϿϲŮɣǧûȦӣֱӿ˿ڡ
ԣɫ΢΢Ӳ۾գҲգ±ʲôԾ
ڹ⣬С⻰˳Ӧ¾ͺá
ڹڸŮװĵĻأ
˵Щʲôû
ǧٴοڣǿɢǧâ£

Ͷ΢΢ſˣɶ컹ûأô˵λҪ׵ˣ
˭֪
ʱĳڻĵվڴߣҹɫҪڡ


111 
ϳܲ
Сƭǰúñ֡, ¾ȻԷϲϢ
ȷɵģ
ǰСƭѵñ⣬ҲҪˡ
Ц
վڴڣҪ, ƻСƭҪͬͣ
ɲ֪Ը˾͸ľ, ΪС׵Ҫͻƴִ̫յĿɿڴ
˺ðΣְ̧ԼҪŵ°ͺ
˵ⶼʲô߰أҸ㣿⡭Ҳ̫̼̫ű˰ɣ
˼˵ģ
ԼĻ˵, ǸľԴżùŰķʽԸġ
ᵽλǰʱϵЦ, ڶڲס
Ҿûˡ
ҲԼֵùâɵŮϲ
ֲӸλŮɫĵȱôŵСȸů¾
˵ʵ, ƭõϲ¶ϱӼⱲӵϻð̡Ҫʱ˺͵û취ײԷǿġ
ҷġ
ԵƯ㡭
û, ļʮɣǰǧ, Բð鹥ˡ
ȻƯǵϲҲ͡
ⷽ, Ƿǳѵġ
ֶպϲϵ, ҲպǸŮӰա
Ŷ𣿡ǧžֿʼŴ㡯, 侲ѯʣǿϲŮӣɾҫ۵ܱȣҹΪǳշת಻ߣ
׳
ҲȶԷڣͼ˵ҲĪҪðٵĻڿ, ֪Ƶó
, Լû취ƹȥ, ϾȷʵϲŮ, ҲʵȦĻᷢ⣬ԸҲȷʵΪԵûʧɼʧ˰ޡ

Խͣ
Ҫôͣô˵û취ƿôˣ
ǵͷʾԼȷʵϲŮӡ
պͬ鱻ͱ㲻ҲҪ˰Ұ˵ŰԸ鰵֪ܲ˵ԼϲŮİɣ
˭ðǵ֪֪ʵݣû֪ģ

ÿⶼǿӡ
ı⣬Ҳ޴֣˼ΣŴŹ˵ӻŮӣֻҪòʢ׿Խ޶ĿȻǻᷢ⡣С֪Ҽɫս˶˵䲻Ǻ𣿡
˵˵ţֵ˱裬ݸǧڣƾƯ֮ˣЩ⣬Ҵ˭ȣ
ЩŴ
ϲÿģѵд𣿲͵ƭͿһȥ壬ҲԸıأ
˵ϲ밮Ҳֺܶ
Ҳϲ
ǧⷬȫܿشӹ裬ֻ˰ڣֱߵϣ˵û飬ǰð̹⡣
ʶ٣û绪ļˣҾʽ㣬ѵͲϲ˵˵𣿡̹̹ˣŮƵ˶˭˲ϲ
ԣǧĶ˫峺Σã־Ŀ˵Сǲ֪꾩󸾹Ůʼ
ȷʵв˼ǵŮӾΪٺò
ЩҲǽɽã㡭
ĪǾýƱֱ̫ۣӽ֤֣

Ĭˣ˺󲿷ȷʵἵ̫ͬԣҲûٲֲһİɡ
͡
Сȴ̾˿
ŶԷϹĵǳһʱ䣬׼ĻҲʱ˺
Դˣȷʵ˲٣ҲǢ༴СĦʵ˵˵ЦЦ
ǧץŶ΢΢ճȭͷС֡
ⱿϣСδǰȫ빬ǰеöеֶΡ
˵ƣֻҪƷϳ©λɡ
ϾǵģСϣвҲŻžʺ
ҪƷϳ˲
˼ˣǧٴ̾˵ɾˣʹǻ˵ģױ䣬Ҷ˵һֱάֱġλҲǲ֪˴£ĵĻᡣ
ùԼ̴ǰѵħˡ
Ϊ˸ϴЩĪе
æ͵㣬λҲڴˣͬദʱҲ
빬ǧ˾Ļ˵Ҳ˵ЩҪ֪ؾǹءߣ޷ȫˡ
Σ
ʼҿݲôʺ˽ǵ̫ƫҲңǲС©ǧԶס֮ڣ
Īδʮµ¤ҵйôλ¡
룬ҪǱ֪ʼס
㣬ҸûʲôͲأװףǦۻҪף
εĽš
ͲûԼͳСÿͷǲװŶİĽ
˵ͣͣ
ǧ޶ԣ˵ҸңɫĿ֬ǺʱʱðЦΪ˭ǰջƻʱľƲΪ˭
Ĭԡ
ʵڹﳩֿͨɲǲŮپмˣܸܲңڹ£

㶼ֱָǿһһޱȣ𰸶ˡ
ɲ
ʹ󵨵ȥ°
ѾǰΪʲôͲԸȥأѵѾԼĻʺ϶Ѿ
뵱ͷˣ
Ҫǵͷû֪־ƺȷҲţż
ǧž΢΢µԴ̾ڣվ˵ʱ˵ֻԸһһ˫ˣ빬ӺλĿⲻֻ鰮úգڵһȥš
˵̧꣬ߡ
ҪԽʱͣ½ŲڵˣԺֻǵġűˡ仰ظ㡣
ܿ죬޹ľŹغϵҲֻʣһˡ
ͷ۵Դ
̾૵ô
Ǹ͵͵̸˸
ôС˵ͺʲôԴĴ£ذ˵÷·Χİࡣ
ĺͷʹ
ʾ֭Ÿν£Сñٳ϶ð˯ˣ
ɱʱԷȲڴ齣̫ˡ
޵ǲ֪У㾹Ľ㡣
Ϥæ̧ͷ·ǿ˾ˣҲ˲öԷǺڵÿȹ׵ɫ
æ˵£˰ɣ취Ⱦȳ檰ɣǾ䷢ʣ檶֪ôش𰡣
ԣϳЦһ
̧СƭǰƴСսֱ˫ǽ˫˵֪λش޲㰮Ľ֮˶Ը


112 
˭˵ҲԸģ, ŭǰĵغһż˵ⲻʹ𣿡
ͬðŻʱ
̧־ס˫, ָʹ, ־Ŀڵ׾ң֪ĻΪ½ʮ̳ϴײŹأ
ְֻԵ
Լ书ǿԵҵľ, һλͦУĴȥ
ɲպĺгչ
ǲյżҲŹʮôһص, Ҵ֮Ҳʱ̴ڱ֮У
õ֪, ҲƢġ
뵽⣬ٴһͬʱջ˫ֽ汧ǰ۾Ƴһ, ˵ˣ˵ĺ, ҾԲġ

ϳͲףСƭֱ׳˵ԸĻ
֮ǱָϳɰĽı, һ޷ֱӿڷָϵÿһ䡣
ѵ
Сƭӵã˵ֵֹͨ, ˣ֣ͺŸƻСƭӣ
սơ
о·һô, ´վŵֻСȸķˣûпڡ

΢΢ü, ֺһ, ֹЩ˵þǺ, ʲôΨûֻϲ, 嶼Ը壬Ĵƭӣ
ԣϳıǳСƭӸЦˡ
ŵС°šתԷͬӣſ˵ôʺ֮ޣƭӸκСƭأ
˵ľ죬ǴƭӺСˣ
ԸŲСƭأ
ʺ˵СˣǱСˡϳô󡣻ͷһؼƤ̹ȻԼġ
ϸ롣
⻰컬Сƭ˵ƺҲ˾̫⣬Ȼĸо
뵽⣬ջ֣ڶԷԣ˵ԣʺΪƭӸκСˣ
Сˡ泩㿪ڻشǿ϶Ҫ˵ЩĻЩϲ顣ͱ硭
üͷ˺ðΡ
ȻⲻǶԷôѧˣſװأ̳ǻʲô壡
͵ؿָָϼ䡮ʵ⡯ȴƵݵǰ
С˵ô໰ҲˣȺȼϳδ֣˫ȴ˼顣
ǼֲãСʺЩɢȥ
ǷǳͷµúܣȴҲûȥƽЩʲôܹԷŵ˻
ЩҲǲܽͽ
ǣôһգЩռСʺĽ㶼ᱻѹȥ
ʱɲ֪еġΰ־򡯣ӭ϶Է˫רעԭֵС΢졣
ӹһһףͷ
˵ǲͬջҪ𣬾ͷļⶼüΪۣ˰ڡ
֪ȸɾеļƺĸˡ
󷹲˱Ƕ
ٴ̧ͷʱѾµĲȣ붼֪϶Ӱȥٵİ֡
è׼ӣ©ĶԼǴǰ
סʿˮĲŶ
ô־òô׾ˣȻ´εܺú壬Ӧǿɾ̫⣡
ĥƬ̣תͷ˵С˺⣬Ѿһ룬ʣµĻҪЩĻɫҲ磬ŵʱɣ߳Էƭӱ߿޼Сˣ˵͸أ
ϳֻúЦһۿֲֺӵСƭﶼЩʲô
Է˿Ｙ˳ŶԷ⣬˵ƭӾСϻ۹ˣǻÿɰ
һһĿޡ
ӣ̵ĳ۵Ｙ⣬ռиɵȴԷʼ˵ʲôҫ۲ֻһշת಻ߡ
æ˵˵Ĳ𣿡
ԭʺ˵㣿о󡣡ϳɫδģ˵֪Ƿûʺ˹

ӵӻǿɣڶԷ
ͬʱҲڲס顣
˵ǻᷢֲͬĽ
һλý㣬ɲôΪء޵û뵽ȵط澡ʧϳ̾˿
ûСƭǰݵɫɵδİ֡
ˣҲ飬߶ҿͷв˿ԡ
⣬̫ѡ
¹ص棬úýû취ճ
㹬ʵкЩɽǰйô飬Щ̥Ҳǽǰ顣
˼ã뷹󣬷͵̧ͷ˵ȻȻҾȥģϣԲй¶֣
㰴ʺ˼ȥϳ˵ָ̧֣ȥСƭմŵļ׷
ΪҪЩʲôֲ£ع񣬲ƳԷָǼ׷

˿̵ֻ棡
ɿתԴԷͬʱ¾䣺¿ԣȻ˿ɾͲˣ
˵ٷҲûڡ
ֱٴαʾҪȥ£ǿǿǸθѹĵ
Ĳӡ
ϳ˳ڻʹ˻԰ǣС֣èǽűֻܹιȥ˵Ӱ¹ӳ½һ
ޱǢ
Ƶ˰ӣҹԽڣ֮ķΧԽȣʱʺϷЩʲôݼ䴥ˡ
Ҳȷʵ˷չ
֪ίȴ˶ñӣﲻˬúܡ
ԸϲˣȻ۵ġ
룬ͣ½Ų䣬ҡʮָ۵֣߿˵£òã
ǺϳЩ棬ЦӦ
գգ۾˵ȱ۾죬۾
ߴٺ󣬵ҲѯʣԹԱ۾
̧һֻ֣ڵļ羱ϣż⣬ȥ촽

ϳתͷȡ֦Ҷĳȥ
Ӵѽ
߳лŰѣЦӯӯĿǰۺЦż˵ԭѰõطû뾹ײ˶ԧ죬Ҳˡ
״ʱ
͵͵ģԧǰͷټӸҰҲΪ
˭ɺأ
ҸƧĵطܸײϡ
㵹Ǻ¡
ϳĺСƭѵ
ȴû뵽˸գ
û¡֪ԸǰŶԷˣǰ˸°ڣ˵˴ұѰء
û˵ꡣ
ϳ߱˸İǱ߹سЩ飬һٴǲټȥ
ȥ°ɣɢɢ߻ȥͺˡǳƽȿ˿ڡ
ⲻƽҲû취߹ص飬ɱССҪöࡣ
ϳǵͷӦ
뿪ǰô仰пգʺߡ
ͻȻ˸£ҲṦȥЦߵԡ
֪ʺ겻ָսûͷ
ƤǱúܣ㲻᷽ŵ飬Ц˵ǻûҴѰõطƷƷ
˶˿ڣֵܵסΣòȥ
ɺˣԴҲûţÿɻˡ
߸˵Ů֣ߴ콣Ƶӣǻû˵˷ʱ
ƻͨĳ룬ӭ˼˵˵ЦЦɡ
þԸСá
ǧǴЦȴޱȵǣʱĬˣĬǽĻʹ
˾
ֻ֡
ĺһжᣬĲϲ


113 
μʺ̴ӽһͬ
Ȼʱ
Լ, ܽСץɹ侲ݻЩ鳰
ǧĨЦⶼָ
ָнͶͽ͵ĽƱ硣
˳°ڣŻعʾλ񡣡
ʺ̴Ҳ⹬Ĵƻͨ, ҲŸô˴ֲǡ
ǧЦӯӯ, ָ֮⣬ȴĹġ
֮ԵЩɹŮԼС̫, ȷʵǹϾͬʺΪ, Ҳ˽֪
򵥵ļϵֶΪѯ, ֱǿŴС࣡
̴ֲ
ɲ˵ͬ͵͵ƫƧ˵ƻ𻹰С԰˽
ֻǳߣ뱾޹ҲԶûʲôˣˣϳѰõط㡣
עǧ, ˵¶ԷЦ죬ɲ֪Ϊ, м˸У˼ȥ㼫Լ˫, ͼСÿͷ޹
ϵ
Ծû˽Լûж, ˿ͷһ仰˸С⣬浽û취滰
˵˵, ɿ֣첽ߵǧ, ۾գգ͡
û, СþЦ˵˻
ǿ, ûʺҲͶԵ, ׮¡

ЦݼѵĹϣΪûСõķ̣ͶԵµġ
ǰĪеͬʹİ
ϣΪʲôϻ󷽵Ҫ·һޱأ
Եҹλ֪Ըһ
ЦӦĻ
˼ͨ͸úܣȻ֪ԵɣҲǹĵдżԹ
ЩӻʺնϷζգ
֪һΪ󸾹Ůĳ裬˺󹬣ҲĵأǱǹֲ룬ǰЩӻӲǹָ̫Żʺ
뵽⣬ֻúЦ
˵˭ֻҪ۾Ƴǹ̫ˣСʺͬ˵˵ɻòˡҲͱǹӣ治ɫȫƵϡ
ǰߣֽ̧дȦתյ
ʺת˹˵òĶЩ˰ɣҿɼǵǰЩ˵Щſ
ƽʱŮⷬ϶ȲͬõҩԸСԴ
¡
˵ȷʵģſ϶Ⱑ
ʲôⲻģСǵĻȶ˼֡
Ƿ񾹵ܴ˻ᣬȻǲݴ
ǧЦӦ
оֹ̹̹žҲԼҽð㲢
Сϡ
ڣ˲֪Ը¶β͡
ǧ˼΢֪ǡ˫֮ƾ˵ܳסȻҲӦ
ҪĻ
¾ն·Сڲס˼ɵɵ㶵ĽȫǾⲻˣ
һ˵Цߵˮͤ
վͤУѺߣ´Ʈϣ̼䣬Զй˼䣬Ʈܣת
̬֮Ҳ治ˡ
ڳ߳ȴصǧ⣬ԳðĻС

Ҫɢ
Ҳ֪Ը˸ʲôðĿ޶˵ɶ֮ص޹ʱڽʾ֭Ÿôͷ
ԭҪȥ;ѾЩѶȡ
ھҹⳡϼѣ
ܴ󷽷֮ʵǵҲǧŰ͵˵֮󣬶ԷǲҪŵڡ
ųţ֪˯˹ȥ
˼ҹΣʹʹһкСЦһָʹСԴϡ
СĽ㻰˵ĳڣ

СϡУ͵˫ۣʱ꣬ڼǧǸСϡ
ֱֲֻĹϺôһ
ͦҵġ
ÿᣣɫֱƿӻŮϴ
ſʱ䣬ý͵Ĳݸ壬ټЩԼ氮ΪĻ׼һѣûκεİա
ˣҲѾ̲ݻ
밲ϣȥѰͣٵȥ˭֪Щʲôʣġɺϡˡ
ܿ죬ɶ
ɿӦɣڴҵ˼ܳӪĵϣҪӦҲôӦġ
ҲͰÿɵ뷨˱飬ԴҲ
˶ͷŲš
ĥƬ̣պɵݳ뷨³̶ۣһѡѡȥѡ
⻰һ໥Ӻ󣬾ٺò
Ŵ˷ó³̼˶Ǿ֣ǸԵȥĶ¶ˣ㻹ۣĳ̶ֳ˵㹫ƽ
ȻʱϻԣҲǲֽܶš
ڶˣָ̧ɢȴиɿ˵˻
мȤ£֪λÿɷ֪¤ҵĵǰս˾ǡӵҥ컹δڣֱüװɲ״ֽͽЩ竼Уٲܺͣ״ֽͱš
ϢͨӿڳҪЩ
˵ֹ̫֮£֪ʱɨĹŮ˵ų
ʱҲжţ˵¤ҵĵӽնڹǰݽҲ٣ȴʯ󺣣ûаء
㽫ָ̧ȥò豭ˣôһϢǳ˳Ƶģɶ֪
һͦ˵ģ
̫󣬻治أ
ȲЩ
ǧȥʹգգ˫ۡ
ɿú˼¤ҵ⣬һŽһųúأ
ȻʱЩŤ
Ļ˵ЩССְˡ
úõİݲĪֵĵˣȻȼյСҲû취޹
ǧ۾գͣԷʱŤһҪȴ͵գ۾Ͳ
˶ԸֶΡ
Ҳϡ¤ҵƥ뾩Ϣ֪̫󽫴Ϣյ
ʵճмֽҲöԷЩ⡣
Ҫ
ﻹλҵӡ
ȻƾʱҲһŶۣǧֻμദʱԴ󷽷ͬǰ
СϽã۾ϴŵĵֱֱ˼գ۶ƽʱ˺üɲģмֿɰָߣǶҪɺɫ֮ͽˡ

⣬Īǡ
ʵ˵˼
ǧüͷ΢壬ŴȲ轫ʱſڴʹһˣ̫Ҫʺ


114 
̫󴫻, Ȼҵ֡
˵ɢĿ׻ҴҸָ̫޹
ܿ졣
Ƕ˱㵽ˡ
ʱ̫ŷ飬Ķ˵д, ǻΪҪȥѳ, ޹ϸ𣡼ʲô¡Ĵ治ᣬΪҪ顭
Խ˵˼ԽǷ, еķ鶼ӿ
Ƴʺʾ, ˿Щ
ִĺ
ѾֳֵزҲѾ¤ҵ˺, 㣬Ƕٸأ
¤Ǳʲʼ裿
Ȼˣ粻, ˫и档
δǩ֣Ҳд, ֻҪʶ߶Ƽ濴ȥ֪ݵǹִ¤ϣ
š
ֹ, ϶˼ַ֮⣬˿Լķɡ
⺢, Ϳ̫û뵽뷨ҡͷ˵ٳ, ҲԼˣҲɵϵӵͷ
Լĺ, Ը
ϻ۹˵ܿ͸أѲ¤ʵ̫, ⺢ԸΪ, Ըκǣ
ɾ㡭
֪ټȥأ
Ϳ, ǺͿ
ԼԼңƸ̫˱裬Ц˵ĸȿڲ裬£ͱˣҳͺá
ľͷѾڹǰ˺üա
ǾƢǲȥģǰдûͬԷ֪ᣬǼúܣҪȥ˵С
㳤ˣҲܲˡ̫ıˣŷֶڷ
״æŲյǰ˵ĸȻܹģֻ¡
Ҳ롣
̫ӹ豭ֱӴĻ⺢ӻȷʵҲúܵЩ
Ϊ鰮ʤһУÿɰ
ʵڲԸԷΪø뱯Ľ֡
뵽⣬°ڲ裬²豭վ˵Ҳδˣһأֻܺú˵˵ˣԸڹ㰧ңɡ
˵ꡣ
ֱ̫ŷȥͷҲδء
̧ſ˵ȴδڵĶ֪̫Ӯˡ
һ칬ʤߡ
ֻáĺݡ֣ͳ׶Ͼ·
˺ðΡ
Ž΢üͷչʺЦ˵ǼЦˡ
ЦĲһ͸¶ֵĿɬ
㡭
±ȰҵģͲ˵ˡߵߣ˵ʵĸ˵Ҳԣֳ㣬صҲѡܾá
ܾûг·ġ
һԡ
⻰ֱ˳Եϣŭ¤̫浾ĺӶƳ㣬Ҳ֪˽¶˶ί¾
Ÿ¡
ǳܵһľʱķѡ
ʶԼ̫أֳȥ̵Ķȵӵϡ
ѸٴĴɳӻ˸£ŰѵԶ
գ۾Ĺʲô鶼ûһĬĬ˿ڿˮ
ŲŲ߿˿
ֵָŭ˿Գܵסģ
תüСЦ˳еǳҲɢȥЩЦŶԵ˵±ûһ㶼û䣬㻹ΪҲɣ巳ŵģʵֵúܡջƿɰСŵá
˵ǣϵſȥ
ͬʱڵĸϲǻǵȥ˵ȻҪ˵ĺݲˡ
⽫ͷǾ仰˵߼
ȷΧЩ̴̫ſ첽ȥܲ׹ĸֱ˵ĸֶΡ
ȷʵĲҪԼؿ
뿪̫޹
ŷŻɫ΢۵֮̾˿ҪˣҲ֪ǵڹǰľͷ᲻ȥܱꡣ
Ͳõˣ˲ģ˵ˣԴҲʲô鷳¡
Ǽǳˣæ˵š
Ȼ⻰ٴ̾˿ĿǰȷʵûˣǸľͷΪʮа˾治ȥꡣ
ʲô˻겻ɡڣͱӶû죬ʶԼ˵˸ʲôæȵҵ˼ǣоġ
ˣԸŴһС˵
ûǴĻλ¤ҵǸ˰ɣһ纮˵ĵطɻͦҪġ
ǵЦݶ޷ά֣˼Լͬʦ֣ͻȻЩˡ
ĥƬ̡
̽˵дƫƧС¥Ұ㿪ֻǡܿǵڶ빬ĹŴʵڵǣȥƣҲİ
һֻѰˣϵ϶ʹҪûꡭ
ܸоʱĳִֹ˵Ҳûô
Ȼ־ٶ̣ʵڲȡǸıǮ
һĹɵûôǣӦҿʼ¥ʱߵһ˴һ֣ŶԷṦĿĵء

ֻ˶Ҫľˣ컯ǬΪׯĻʺȻ˰˽ӵĸо
Ϊ˱Ŀ˻רƫƧĵطߡ
Ҷ϶Խݶż뼸һĲĸо㱼Լֻصҡҡλεľ֮ϡ
ΣҪ̼
յʱ䡣
أ˶ţʵʵĲȵظпòõᣡ
ˡֽһµˮ̧ѾȫȻֵ죬üͷ塣
״ֱƿ¥ľţŰ£˵ʺ㣬
뿴ϵǷֵġ
ǡ
Ҳ翴塣
λȷʵ˵һ£Ұʤڸպܿǹ֮ǰ
վŮϲ˵ǸʲôģûʼңĿĳɰֱͦվӰϡ
ȥҪ뿴ǲܵġ
ⱲӵϱӻҪõòˣҲԲõ
վӻΧ˸߳һصΡ
ȻŮϲҲ򵥡
Ȳδ֪ò̬мҲ
ȻΪ˷ֹϴˣѯһµʱ˵ǿɶΡ
ǴľͷǴĨߵЦ󷽷öߣڴ
Ҫ˵Ҳͷһؼ˽ߣŮˣ״μƶƲֱš
Ƕ֪ʲôʱĨЦݡ
ͬʱ
޹еǧٴδ˯оѣǹĵѯʣֻڰֵûʲô£̫ˡ
֪ң
̴ȫˣֻԼǧʱſ˵֪ޱֻųԺֲ£⼸˯Ҳ˯óҲԲ£ҶҲͬôˣʵڲ̣ԼӰ


115 
Ҳɵӡ
⼸ܰž޹, Ҳ˵ÿÿ˵׻ĸо
ڵʱȷҲƲЩʲôԾɻͷ, Ҫ˵Щ, 治ˣ
Щ껹вǷǷǣǹ˵ֶҲƼ
񡭡
С, ˼Щʲôأǧɫֱ䣬ϵҲʵò, ˵ͬţĪҪԸϹĥ
Ҳ֪Щӹڼˡ
Ϊʺϵ, ܼҲⱿ飬ЩʲôҲġ
ֻǣǲ²ķʵЩԯްա
⻰̧ͷ, һǧɫȷϲްۺ֮, ϸСûʱĳ
ʱ˿
˦ǧ첲ϣԹǶңڹʱ, Ҫ͵ҵ÷ǽҵĹҲûܹң
ǧֻЦЦ, ûӦ
֪ԽԽãվ㶫·, ҲǣСø֪һæڵ
㿴㣬ǲң
ԭҲûô, ְֱﲻʲôæ, ɿģ, ּԷնúߡ
Ȼ
˦ǧ, վ˵㲻ͬ˵ȥѰҵҪʲôý㾪Ų߶գ
ǧüͷش£ǳɣ
ԭ֪˾١
Сôȥһ֣ɹעϾǰЩɳӪ̵ĵӿ̫̫˹
֮£ûеݾӪ³̵Ĳӵй
˾Ѿ˹ע
ֻǴҶ²Ǿϵ̫ãΪӷ˾٣νʺ޹Ҳ⡣
ҪСϾͲͬˡ
СֻóԣɲǻЩʲô£˵þ۾ۣҲƻʱҴææй
ǧ没أȥѰʺ󵹻иͣҲֻ˯ãⲡ̫ҽԺмѭġ
͸Ұա
ǧǳĬֱŵ鶨ǲ٣
סģһϻ빬ʱСĳײ˵ʱɫ䣬صҲ˲跹˼ס֡

˵͵۾СĴյǧǰ˵ǡǳײ˵
ǧ΢̾һҲ֪ȥǸ취ֻܴ˵գĪҪʹ£ҲǧҪֳ黹ûת
ŶŶ
ĵ˵СԴӣܿ־òԾЩɲǳײģ
ո߸˻ϲϲΧתƣСö˲أǸСɫߣ
ס
ƺÿδʱĿⶼ᲻ԾƵϡ
뵽⣬ԥ˵¿ͬйأ
ѵϲѰͷʺ󣬺λɣ
ԣǧɫӲˣСϣƽöǲԸ⣬պͿϳʲôʲôϳʲôʱȴָ
Ҹںƹȥ
ⱿҲǸִģûи׼ȷ𰸣ҪᶨԼ뷨
ҲˣЩСԺܿϾͲ˳ݣüͷ˵ĻʺãĽӵţҲؽλ
˵ˣѹͲ£
ǧֱӳԴֹ̾ȷŴգֶ˵ʵû취ֻͬ˵һأͺã
ĴչСԴ
ܿ죬򵥸Сͬʱɴ۾㻹ֻ̾úЦ
˵㣬ˣʲôֲ֪һСɫӣǲãʱͷؼ㣬˵˾ɫ֮ˡֹҪͬ
˾ͺáǧûٽͣ˿⣬ؿĵ֤̫ࡣ
ֻЦЦûԼԼʾĹ̵
ǴС֣治ţѰʱúʡ
ľþϲ˵ʵնԷЩֹС˲˵ʮΣʮǿ϶ˡ
ҲǰŴҹģ̵ͬɫʶЩ
ͬ·ʱͽߣܿǹ󸾹Ůڵọ̈̄ģûƵġ
ʹĳƫƧ¥ɲ֪εΣȻεЩ̫˵ڣҲǸ֧֡
ʱʼ
˫ְڴ̨ϵļֵǵԸȥӰüͷģǵòˡ
ң˵ͷɲС꣬ҪȾϷ纮ҸǺã
Īйվŵˣתľţͷغ־Ը䣬ŻصԣڵѲȥɡת
߲ͨ٣ߵģȴࡣ
ǿ˽ҲȫһԼ롣
Ҳڰοţȵö࣬ټϳŴϵѾɡܿͱЦ
Ҳû˵ʲôϵ顣
ǳ䡮üͷ᳤ƿɲ֮Ļ
һֱվڴҲǸ¡
˵˵ţѰΣ֪ðİֶỴ̄ǴӰһĹӡ
Ŵꡣ
ྐྵӳԳԹһȲ裬˵Цͣ
ȷɲᱻָܺ򶨴󷽵ģġ
ʱ件Цǲӣ˿Ʋǰļٹ
ͣˣʱҲ硣
ҪɢʱͻȻ˸̫ĲԸĻͷ״Ҳֻܳ԰ο˵Щ̫ҲĻ
Ҳ̾˵Լֻ֪ҪŹǽ˸ܡ
˵ࡣ
Ӧͣ룬ŮѹҲǺÿúܡ
ֱֱ˵ͿͷŵţʹӦҪԷȥ̽̽Ǹʲô˼
ɽұȥȥǱɽһЦݶĿãס˫֣ǣҪˡ

ǧǷס˼Ƶ·ŮҲڡ
ֻܺͷ
¹ȻûаͣǵǲˮӹϹ
ص޹ʰʰȥӼɣͱŮѽɻʱֵ밲
밲ҲǼƣ飬ֻҪлȥΡ
ѴӻôЩӡҲڣصѰȥ
ߵŽĲʽ˼Ҫô׻
ȴܾýʲôûȥ˰ζû㲻پᣬõĲ˵ݸŮ٣Ϳϱ
պۣ
̤ϳӰнӹϣ֪Էδ˯ţڰԡ
̧ΪСʺߵ鷢΢Ķ
ͬʱ˵ͬˣ

͵˫ۣˣˣûüأ


116 
뵽, ŵڨڨһЦڵ£ʱ̫, 檻ûüûüȥѰأ, ұضͬ͵
οɻ治ҽڣ
ĥ˴յʱ⣬ŶǸ¥ϽͳԳ, ּյֻ꣬ôڸ¥С
Ҳ¸ջ, ŵøƬС
ʱȥ㣿
ʱûУأȿ, ȻŮ͵̫æˣ̫æˡ
ޱ鲻Ӧ𣬾СֶҪջȥ, æ̧֣קϵǻδȫȻָ, ¿ֿҪ³檶ᴦ׵ģ಻κεӰ죡
ⶥٵñӣһժ£
˵;, ̫Իἷʱȥͣǡǲ֪ܼܲվͳɹ
˵ĥϺЩӡ
ϾĿڲҲһ, ߼ҲܵúܣҲʲô
Ȼ, ټѣҲҪСˮøɸɾ, ϴ, øԷϴȫ
µѯҪòܴ, , һתֱӽƿ˵ǲ֪ۣŶûϸأ
˵꣬ǳ»һµ֡
ֽ˫գüۣ͵ǰ֮˳Ļͷȥ
ϳῴСƭӷ鲻ѻƿ⣬ԷѰʲô㵭ڵŶΪ£Ŷûϸã޺úƣһٳԲãǲǾͶ޵Сʺ󡣡
ա
̧һֻ֣СȦİգרעϸĴš
ЦЩˡ
״Ǵ󷽷ɵΪϵתתС
ԷԵĵ٩֮⡣
С٩ѹ㲻ʲôƤֻҪ˵;Ըϣ
͵ɲǣ檶Ը˼أǲ֪檽񳿻δžյ̫ĴΪҪ£ҲҵææϹȥôţ
ͬˣ
ϳЦ˰Сƭգ⼸չæûȥĻ㱨
֮ҲǼĸ£ǴضͬѲϵ
ѾЩȴҲֱ˵
ǿšʿʡСʺЦ޵ҪúǺҪ£޵ĻʺŶܺúá
⻰ſС죬ʼ˵շ顣
ҲûŲš
Ͼȫ̸ţӰ޶أ˵Ҳܻ֪ڣøȤܰ
ʵοصڸ¥ȲˮԼĳѹϡ
ž˵һѺ΢̵̵棬ֱӻʵ飬գ۾רע˵ľԱôأ
ǵ£ΪҪ룿ϳ赭дƿι˾Сʺؿϵ㷢˵һٲɣ
ԣֵܾķζͣԸΧζţҲǹиͣѾվæƿϵСͦ
һ
ɲͬŮٵĲˣͷ붼ýģ
ʳǰӦ챼Ůи֮ԻڶߣЬ첽ߵߣ˫һ죬˶ԷǴŽʵ
ᣬ͸߾Ŷ
Ƕԧ죬ճɾ׼Ҳø𸴡
ʣµģҪŮôôˡ
ҲͰһأٶǾûУ·Ҳٶҡ֣
ϳϸͶͱȻЦɡ
ҲСƭɾ͵óѡ
㴹羱ϣЦùԹɵС˵㶼ûѰң㵹
ҾֻһأȻҪЩĵġæƲĹϵµҲԸСð㣬Դ﷢˴ˮ
СȾ˲䣬߾ŶŶˣ˵ǾȥԷ
Ȼͷһ̸
ĳЩСϻǺֶεģϾӵС˵ټ鰮ǰ׿ġ
Ŷרƺġ
οͶͱٲľٶıɽҲøڻˣ
Ҳȷʵˡ
ϳмܲסҲ֪ԷǶˣ㲻ٶȦӣ˵ٿ鿼鼸գȻĸǱ߿ɲý͡ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣȥŰɡ
⻰żڵ˸ǣ˵֪۾Ŷˣ
˵ꡣ
תȹȾķ첽ȥ
ϳعʱСʺڷǰһŴūĴ׳βһſӣЦųк
ûûεģǽƻɰý
ҹúܡ
ȥǺüζԲ£ۻˮĻ԰ĬĬ仰
ϳȿڣйδ꣬Ҫʧ㡣
ȥǰҪЩʲô

ܲףͷǶĪеñӽúأƬ̶ݲã
Ҳ֪Է֪֪⹬Щɶñӡ
ֱֹ̣ԭˡ
ŵ飬ҲҵҲԼС˼没š
գɿӦǰ밲ɡ
Ǹȥǡ鿼顯Ŀţ㿪ʼ׼ͬСý͵Ĵǡ
ĥͷ̫ʱ
ò㣬Ѱ˸羰õطǧ뵽ϵİ˽ͤ
ͤеţܾԼЩͻ̫԰˵СòţĪеš
Ų߶
æ̧ͷ˵ɡ󡭴ɰôҲˣ
ߣֻ˲ɣ
̴ӶȥҲûˣͲģ
˵Ҳ̫ˣСܣ
ǵġ
ˣֻһ֪ѾҪٶԽԽ󣬵ʱ˵˵塣
״һЦ˳ǰԣ˸˵ɰŵãνСҶ֪ˡסңܵģ

汻ŵʲôʲô
ûǧǰĬ࣬ĬĬԷ˱衣
ԵģֻϣԷ侲׵顣
˵㵣̫ˡӲºһڣɽ£Ϳĵ˵СɫߣϲǾŮˡ
⻰ǺڰȼĻ͵
˫ְסץŹҧһڵצӡ
ҲܶԷҧ˸գӯɰΨң˽ҶѣԣûҾСɫߣòǰ꼴ŵƤңɫд֮ѵ𣿡
Ĭš
κ
Դ̽Էǰҧ˿ڹƷ̵ζź˵ǰ˵ǹʦ𣿡
ⲻҪӴ˿̿ʼҵľ㣡
жˣû뵽ƽ׵Сã߻ۡ
ڲǹ¾ս
⵹ҥԣСеĺˮʤǰ
ŶõİɡƶǶĵ˵ͷڹϵƵǰϣգգ۾ֿѯʵڿԷſҵԹĺ𣬾Ҳ¡Ǳ߳Ա˵
һĻ۵׵ǧЦһ
ΪԼ˱裬ߵڵĪָСܰͣԸƲء


117 
Ĭ, ɿ֡
ǰѲɻָŶԷͲɣŻֻ֪ԹĴɰʼǹ󵼶Է
ôˮļһ, û෽
ʲô˼о, ѵҲǸ׸𣿡
⻰, ȲǧԶӵ, Ĺ°ѹ꣬ó־һ͡
ż˵, ͬŵ£һһ׻أƲţǸ׸Ǿֱ˵ҿɲٰˡ
ԥ, öҲٶϴԵ
ɲܰѺòӵеˡȥ
ʵڲ, ʱסˡ
뵽, æЦŶǰĹĵС˵أҷŲ˵𣿴Ӵ˿̿ʼ˽ҵ˾ˣȻ׸
ǧĻ, ЦҲû˵Щʲô
ɲΪСܰϾʲôæ
еĴϻ۶, ٿĵģҲûȥϸĥ, ֻǳЦء
Цá
ǧԼŪЦ, ¶̫̫, Щмѭ˿, ԲͿƿġ
㲻
Ҳضôɡڡ
ǲ֪˭ʹ֮һ죬ѲŮ˰̽ӣ
ԽüͷԽǽ壬ٺõĲҲȥΣ㽫ˮʯ֮ϡ
ͷؿڱ֤ţƳǧĶҲٴڻԣæ˵ɰƣħǿɵúúȰȰĲ
ÿǳ׼ȷôͷҪƹֱϲ¡
̾˵Щʲô
ȴȿ˿ڡ
㣬ɾ治ԾˣЩƯɩɩǸʲô̬Ҳǲ֪ĽأǸŮӰ
°ͣ˼
üͷ˺ðΣȻȻõĹģⶪϣ첽ߵǧԣȣĪǣĪǽҲⷽ˼

⻰һĿɿڴ
ǧҲҭòᡣ
㲻ϲҰɣôãôɰôðζûܿԼЩʲôֱƳԼؿڣֱͦ壬ôظĹġ
ҵĿɰ󱦱£ֱӴǾۣԷüͷֹԼѵֵð㽫ǶѵĸҲԷϡ
ָʲôأ
һȤĻⳡ
뵽⣬ǳ濴˵ķʱѾˣЩϢҵİɡ
ߡ
Ķ֪ܲԼֿǧЦҡҡͷֱӶӱԼĻ
ͤսء
׼õԴзȿڲˮ²豭ͬʱһȴǧȽס˻ͷ
ֻЩһ鼴ɡǧڣίίģĬƬ̣ż˵ԵЩ˵ٶҲãҪǴ𰸡
ɲЩܺƵҲϱĹŮ
˵ٶҲǻա
𰸾ǣʵҰĽ֮ΪҲ̵ˣֱ룬˵ҿ֬ǵ޹ŵǵǰЩ»԰ɢҲǵ
ԣûһ֮
Ǹϳˣ
¡
ͤˡ
ǱСõȻع˿㵽ߣĿ⸴ӣŵͼ֣˵ǳԿ㣬ѸղЩȫȥԣյģ˵˵Ļ
ģë
ףҲѰ˽°ĽĽûҪѰ·
ǧ̾˿ҡͷ⻰֪ţҲֻ㣬˵óڡ
ǵŮ֢֮˭˲֪˭˲鰮֮£
ŮùѪĽѵ
ǵģûжͶͱѪȾ̨ס
Сǲţæ˵ģ͵͵ǣҲϲϣ
˵⡣
˶Щ˼ˡ
Ϊ˼֤һУǼڣʱҲط޹ҹ͵͵ңιҩ߯ÿ
˵˵š
ڳǷ۵Ļƣҵ˵ݣʾСǿơ
ͬļ֤
Ȼǧûнӻ
ζǵĿﶼ·ײ֪ߵغ񡯵ۡ
ôͲأ
ˣʡȥǶ飬齫Լ֮۵صŸտͷͱס͡
ɻգգ۾
˵ģ˿ֺС࣬һһ䣬˵ֲֹܿͣΪ
ӯ͵ҡԴ˵Ķ滰Ϊʲôûš
ϡ
ôӣ
ǧ̾˿ʾЩɿֹǱƵ˿ɾͲá
˴Ұ۹ȥȷʵһš
ҪٽЩ
Сɥӣ˲Է´ǣ֪ǲȥ֤ȻĪҪ˵ˡ治ش𣬽Ҳʣǵȹϵ˰ա
㣬ҵĺý㣬˵ĶġקСõ֣˵⹬ȨĲǵϢҹᣬⲻ𣿡
СõĳĬ
ˡ
ѡ
̫ѡ
ǵ̫ȣʵ̫ȻԼýȢ̧ʮױᶼţ
ѽãõСε̾ϢǿɵӰ񣬲֪ĻΪʲô֢
Ҳû취
ľǧȰ룬ҲŰɴô˽ˣ˵ʲôƯǰ໹ǵһϵɡ

ο˽ԸĴʶõޱ׼ȷҽ˵Ļģʱá
һȵǵ
ҲǱʲô֪ˣ
ǧ޷Ȱû취˵ˡ
֣ǽյİ˽ͤ
Ѱʱ⡣
ͷɥСһһҼŻعѣСЩ˵С̴Ҳֻÿ˴˸ĸ
š
ײĳƵĵ
һ̡
۾ǿ˹⿴ϣ˶ʱͬ㳯ȥ
Ůٲһ
ĵ淵̴ӣṦ΢תʧּ䡣
£Ŀ̫ˣ
õ϶Ź⣬ƹԣԲգĿҫۡ
˵־˶Էֱۣϲֻ̧ͶſСá
̡֣
ż⣬ڵ£ĶС˵Ǿ֤ǿ


118 
⾪㤺˵һĻ
ǧֱŵõڵ, ˵Щʲôȴʧ㣬ɬ, ֶ²
ɡǱƵ̫
þʧķ
飡಻ڴ֮ͥϵ
ǧ侲, Ѹٵƹͬʱ˵ˡʺС, ʧ̬֮¡
֮УϳԴĵĻ̧, ЦݲûżԵõСƭӣǵƤú, ųʲô
ȻʧôȨĺʱ
Ҳ֪ǲڹ̫УǲЩ߰Ķ
ϸƣܶѼҲá

״ǧ, ֱֱŵЦβͶҪȥ, ͵ؼס
ȷʵͬǵĲ²󲻴һ¡
֪Ϊ, ȴˣٶ࿴̧ۣƵľǰ׵ӽ쵶ӳ
, ý
˴Сǰ, ñ¶û٣಻ǰ·ϵݡ
ŵȥ, ȲĴӵȥ, ĽСǷ
ͬʱ˵¿˰ɣ
⻰, ǧָԾ, ԭɫɷ
˵Щʲô
˼ŵڳƳһԵҲŵòУ΢̧öϵǲ̫ÿıɫֻܶѳĨЦ⣬ȻŻʺġ
Цøˣ뿪˵Щʲôȴǧȡ
檺лЩҪδ
Ǳ°ɡϳҲѻ˵꣬ͬڹϰ㣬˰֡
ǧžһߣµѱ¶ϲֻ¾ϸ󣬱Ѹ첽뿪
⡭
Ҳ֪Ǹǻ
СͬһʧС·ľͷת۵㶼˸ˣ
û̧һۡ
˲䣬ɫְ˼ȣǿƵģ
ϡ
˵ʵϳԼЩŵɲ֪ԸСʺ˴󵨣ǰٶ
Ҳǡ
ЩνĽ⻨СƭӱָԶЩľ룬Ǿٺò
ȻԼͻĶ϶СǵĻ궼ŷɣɲϡ
ڵǰϡ
Ҫĳ̫أֺڴˣ
صڡϡ
ϷǱϡ
ָǲ̸˶췽ҹ̷ƪ
úúãޣ޵Ĳԡ
ϳڴ˼磬СƭȻƤúܣЩʱɾŪ¼żЩµļһɲܰװǰĥʱ
̧֣ѵУߡ
԰̨׵˹
Ȼ˳ƶ£ǰվŵ֮ˣܻЩԵģ΢첽ӭ˹ȥֹ̧չָ
ֵҡ¡
վԷԣѯĸʱȻЩʲôĴܣڵؿڣСᱻײɣ
ȻѾСǰˡ
ɲֵ˾֪
޾˼ˣϳЦСƭüͷСȻ֪ԷЩʲô
ԷҪ͡
ܾ仰ƣʶ
ɲʶ
ϴεҲôġ

ǻҩ
ֹ󣬼Цûͦ˵ӣС濪ڵҲ֪ˣ
ϳ˰Сƭӹģ˳Żͷȥ˻
ǹıˣɶǱģɶ֣˵˵ţһЦ˳
ʵ۵ĳ谮Ȼ˶õġ
ֻ˳ЩƫϳôʵۣǱܻ仹أû˭ǼԴҪӵ棡
ȻЩµ״
֪ġŮ֢֮ת
뵽⣬С©Цݣ±ģ̧ȭؿڣŵ˵ôıҿҪúòһͣǧǧЩű˵óѣ
ͣϳļظһߣЦѯʵôõıñ˲ɣ
ҲԼеı
ִӶԷǧذת䣬˼ɫʡ
Ȼܣ
°͵ס뵽Էϻӵһ󹬵ˡ
󷽷̽ȻңȻֻҵģ˾뿴У
ϳЦЦԵ
⻰ֱӲõģװͰ͵ôˣѵ㻹и˲ɣã㾹ҪҶȥ
ĪҪ˵޵Ŀɲֻ¸Сƭӡ
ϳ̧֣ʳָѹڶԷĴϡ
ῴСʺ̽شȻ̹̹ǧٴΣ໹𰸣ᶯҡ
ûӵйν鰮ǻԵɺ
ϧ֮֮
컬Сƭӡ
Ǵúܣͷ֪װ¶ٸ㡣
Ƶ۶ֱðŹģҲѹֻǵԼҲ֮ģ
뵽⣬ϳֱֱСʺ˫峺˵ǲ֪жִںελá
ҵĺܴܴģ
ͨ죬㲻ͷһıףͷļ¶ǲٰ֡
õС¹ٴײĿתԾ
գգ۾ߵͷ߼˵Ȼôôأ
ϳԶĽŲȥ˺ǣȥ
ͬʱڵЩǣҲռŸλ𣿡

ҴЩ飬ˣҲܳϣ˵ĻԷ϶Ҫġ
˼Ƭ̡
˵ѽôһأøǲһ
˵ꡣ
ͣ˽Ų
ûע⣬ײ˵ļѽѽסԴ
ʱѾߵ־ͷļɽ
λƫƧɽǸСĳ߶ܴƵͷĶ
Ǹ͵顭
ȿȣԼĺõط
ϳתߵɽԣ˷ʯɽǡôƽ״
£Сƭƽӡ
ٻһ
ʲô
ôϲµĵطԶû취ú˼ˡ
ɽֲΣͲҲһΣȣҲ»ȥ
˵ǰи˰ѹŵĵ
;ÿռǳơ
ȫֻʣµĴ
Ҫǣ
ͷǻЦŽ̸֣ҲеúܣԽԽڳǶ
˾
ǹ̸Ҳľͺ͵鰡
ϳСƭƮߣЦֽԷɢµļ鷢𵽶˳ס΢ҷ̵Ķ
Ц˵Ŷ֪øʲô


119 
ԶԽԽ, ɵýסĴС㣡˹ˣ
֪˹, ˵
ɽôĳ, ѱ⣡Ʃ֮ˣǶʹúܣ
ҪǱ˿ô죡
컯Ǭ, ۺС͵͵ҡ

ǹкη
ϳСƭϵС֣צƿ, ڶԷ䣬ЦżٴѯʵɲҪƿ, Ŷ֪֪Щʲô
Ǹ϶˼οԷ˾ŶƺԳɶޱɡҡ
ǲõԸ
żɽ, ͬɻЦᷢἰǷ˳ȥѰʺͬΡ

Ѱʲôʺɲ͸ǸŸ
ϳҲԶĶ, ǰСƭӽŵԾס¡
϶Է΢̵Ķ
ŶҵСŶ
ֻõɻɵ, ֪ı˷֣Ҫ̼
΢΢ҧ, ۵
üСڵ㣡
ߡ¾
ֻǸʮСʺ, ĳ˵˵Щʲôɧ
֮ǰڹ⣬ԸеÿҲǽ㣡
ٶûˣ
, ŶòԡϳЦһ, ſҧСƭԲĶ, óĥ¼, ɿ˵ǲǵãЩ
ɾ
ѹ鲻ԸܾԼĵطΣ
Ȼɽڵ߳ԴƳȥ;ԼдеĴƵ԰Ůɫȹ
ͷһʵЩŲ
ֻҵĺý㣬ɾǻطòã
ϳٴЦ⽫ЩΪΣ˴˷羰벻˾Ŷ𣿡
ֱӷ
ˣѰô̼û취ܵģ
ѧŵģһҲŽŴЩڵ϶ǿ֦Ҷ羰ԣ޹ͷСԺأ
Ÿ˵ꡣ
ɻѯʡ
ͷǲʲô

ɰŵˣ۾ɴͬʱҲ̧˫סͣǾŵģ·͵ɱ׽ū
˵Ŀɲˣ书ǿĵ
˵书ʵ̫̫ѧˣ䶼װ״Ƶģ߶
ϳ治ɫٴνסЦſٴѯʵŶ治ϲ˴ķ羰ҵǾµúܡ
ǺɱʲôСһĶֳɡߺر𣬱ǸŸó
ʱˣ˲ֱôס˵ŻڿС־ɫĴ
Էľٶҧ˿ڵ
ūɣ
ѽԷǱвūģɰýڹ߶ˡ
˵ū
磬ǹȥƣ

һæҡǱŵ֣սԴ΢΢СöԷṦ
˭֪
ǾҪҲ˿壬׷Ĵⳡֻ˸滹δʼս
Ķܡ
ɱڸߴ˫ŲŵأǼɽԴŸȥ͵ֵʯɽ޿ˡ
Ѿ׷
ǳҪ˵Ĺ⾰˿ݣӡ
һ̣ͷ·ˮл㡣
òڵǰļսֻ÷Զ
ͷƹȥԶأҪȥȥҿɲͬȥ
鷳
ṦˣȻǲ鷳
ǿֻūǺ׺ܴϻֻ
ūźףʵδ˹ˣʱҹʳ
Ҳʱҹ
Ҳι˲١
ͬҳԵأ
ʲôһΪֻ׽ң䲻Ҳʱ

ʱ䣬ǶĬˡ
֪ū˭⻰ҲݸһЦʼЦ˵ūǸ˵ӣиҡ
ʱκҲڽĽսǺҴˮĴ֤Ǽս
ԭἰǴèԼͬҲ˿
׻ǶԵٶЩ
ŵߺָɣūúõ·ߣƫƫѰƫƧطꡣ
ԣϳЦЦ˵Щʲô
ȴﴫ˵
ū̫ˣҿָ˰ɣÿնι
ɽӣĶˡ
ΪݵūȻҰúܣȴֻ÷ʳû뵽иң
ǵľ˵ֻͬã˭֪վͼŶԷԵĹŮҲ˵Էá
˸л̬ˣ˵һͰһֻҪƯЩιĶܾⲻ͸߰⾰ʱľһģ𣡡
ûǵѽô궼û£
ʺҲǹģ˭ͻݣͷһؼҪ׽ЩҲġ
ޣǵҵ˸⴫ա
ǫˡ
Ҳ֪飬ǻǸͯھֿȵòˣиŮ̫࣬ǿ֡
ֻû뵽ǹŮɡ
ЦЦ˵һ۶ȥô꣬ʺﵹû䣬ҲǰɰýֻϧұܵϧЩ¡

ͬʱСŵԽԽЦݣڨڨЦЦڵɫˣǻȥԷɣ
޻治֪ʺʱ˰أ
ϳʵ֪ģΪǰϸԷ
СƭӴСǹٹ󸾹ŮԸǵá
˾űǰļ¼ɲ˵ѡ
ʱݱ£ܳŵùزҲʤλʺ֮λ
롣
ɲʤ
ĺ󹬣ҪСƭӵĺˡ
뵽⣬ϳûٶԣҲͷɶʼ׷׻𵱳ֿɰĻʺΪ˴ǹսԴס
ΪСʺ΢ҵ޷ٰ˱Żص档
ǣŶԷ뿪С֡
ԭЩ飬СŵᣬϾԸжҰװٸƯ㣬Щġ
һ·ǣС֣ͣͣ˵˵ġ
ͻɫɹٱ뱧Ṧ̴ܿӣվڹǽϿʹ
ÿɿˡ
ܿͽղŷȫȻԺ
ʱ
СһţͿʼͬԹ챻Сĥ顣
ߴ˵һѡ
ƣ๾¼ڡ
ϳСʺģЦſѯʵ֪Ҫ빬Ϊ󣬿ɸˣ
⻰Щɻ
Ȼ׵ΪʲôͻȻЩ˳ɿĵԴ˵ЩʲôԷȿ˿ڡ
㱾ͲԸȢ
⻹ԥ
ٴεСԴ
ҲеСã
˿ڷ⻰û⣬ͷ
ԼʲôطԾ
Ǳ˿ӰԵĲֱʢõҲͿĵĳİ㡣
ԣùڣ빬꣬Ҳ˿¼šʵ۵ĺ󹬣ҲͲǻʺĺ󹬡
ǰ仰ͿʼԴ㵽ûֲԾ
Цĸ˸ԸС㡣


120 
֪䡣
ϵƽʱеЦ, ʶԷղŶ˵Щʲô˼Ļ
ѵգգ۾
֫嶼ǶάżСĶ˵˼Щʲôأ檡檿ɴû˵㻰
ֻ΢ССظпζѣ
Ӣη֮, ҲȻĿŵȵԴĴ°
ܳ, ܳϣ
Լִˣһûע, ͱ˻
һ֮ƻƻ
̫ԼϲСӼиԷ, йķʳܾ£ССҲֻأִĵ䲻ӣ
ô, ҪЦŽӷڶԷֻ˼ڷ˵Ҫʲôֱ˵ǣα˲ɳأ
ޱֱ˵ˡϳϵЦ, Сƭʱ򶼻ĶֻѷĲƷ̾˿
ɫ
˵ÿÿἰǹ﹬ý, ӱܱǼ򵥷ޣ, ܰģ֪޹鰸ԶѵüߵĲжź£
ͻȻôѯʣҲЩ, 봹ڷʳǰСȴ˿
û취
ֻܷ¿硣
˰ζ, ʶԷڵشæҡͷ, ˵֪
ʱǹĽǡϳſ, ˶, ı, ޣնЩӣɻܣ
ǰȥ޹ţҲ»һҹȷʵôѵü費ͬᡣ
ǰɻǲʲôϡϵмصĹ±ֻʲôһܣôʱʱ̶̿ڵҡҶ࿴ۣ˵ˡ
һ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ִ𣬾Ϳʼأ
ͬûʱзˣǵô򡣶ȼС磬͸䱾緭ʵ໨ǲݵˡ
治ǻʵ̴ۣÿ̫ˣ
Ƴ۵Էָֻǰޱģ֪ԷǴҪڲԭµһһдеС
ĬĬ̾˿
ĥãҲ˵Լͬǰ򻨴йȥǱȻġ
Σñһҧǣ
˵ˡ
Դ׵ĸо治ܣ˵ıģ治һ̵
ǸͷҥΪ˵ҡ
ף治ѰܳԵģ
òȥˣԸˣأʱʱ׻˵ǸڼԵ̫࣬
¶ĺ
͵̧Դֱֱ˵֪ˣԺ󲻻ˣʲôģҶǱͬƯĽ㣬ҲԲֻֿͣ
ϳش⣬ϾСʺΣǸ߸߶ѵŵӶּֽǵҪֱ˵󶼲ɣžǼٻ
˵Ѿ֪Ǻ֮Ĵ̣䲻󣬿ҲСỮ˺ۡ
ҪСʺ󳤳þùȥЩܰȥİ¶ȻҪ紦ɾ
Щ㡯ǡ

ϳҲǿСʺ󻻸ӡ
շ
ĥŰա
뵽⣬㻺˵ǻʺҪǵԼı֤ĪҪҫߣ˽յĻ
ģŹĹĵСţ˵ٺÿˣܱȵùҴĴ󱦱أܵһˣҽˣտݹǣƤҹգ
Сһš
鲻ԽͿʼȰȵĿºڣԭҪ˵˵ţСľƫˡ
նղ
ϳСʺ˵ĵҲϣȶԷѻ˵꣬ŽƻضԷǰЦſڵԣҲڿϳϣ޵ĺѾĺ󹬣
ĺ󹬲ɣ֪׷Լ˸ȥһ˵Ѿ֤лǲˣҲз
ϳѴﵽԼĿģϲȶˣ㲻ٶŪСƭӣ˳ŶԷĻͷ֤䣬СӻԷ
ܿ죬յƷСƭӳ¶˸Цݡ
ţϳҴȥˣձ߾ʱʱͽʹҲæ͵аա
ڳԷʱ߾飬ϱԺƽʱԴ˿ûʲô˽⣬Ҳʷ˰ǲͣгͻֻǸҲȥ˽⡣
ﲻʲôæ
ֻϹúøɣٴ泩
뿪ҲҪȥæ
ǰѶԺõ˲β㿪ʼٴηľӪ뷨
߾ͷҲ֪᲻ῪսˮַģճۿǲˣֺؽҲ϶ҪЩʱ䡣
ϡô仰Уˮд󺵡
ӵѧ˵ҲǳģΪһҲҪЩ
Ǳ߾սֺؽٷ󺵣ӡ
׬Ǯ֮üޡ
ʱƶж󣬿Ժܻ˵ǮٲС
ӣ߸ߵ·ߣרǮ˵Ŀڴ
׸ǡ
ææµµʱգ۾͹ȥ
峿΢չʱ磬λҲĹִʺ޹
գɻǻʺ󣬶ú硣
ܳ߶Ļģʱ̵˵ǰͷ˭ҧڡ
Ŵѡȥʱר߸ߵ·ߡ뷨ֵܼ˼棬ʱܳɹÿλ
ɰ޵Ǹˡ
ʵҲǾеӶãҲϣԼܶᡣ
˵˵ȥԼݳȥ³̱һĲֵ
Ҳ࣬ɵѡĻ᲻
ʺиĻᣬҪ²һΣ˿⣡
˻ʹһ޷ٳŰ벽׼
񲻹£ĺҪ̫̫ࡣ
ʱ䣬Ǳû
һһԡ
ֵòУǰԵļˣգۼ书򣬱Ц໥ű˴˵˸õӡ
ȷʵǢˡ
ܾöס˼ֻѼӣ¸һҲų¸£ȫʼ¸¸¡
κκ
ò˵˽ǮȨʿЩʲôģˡ
Ǵ󲿷ֶǾĹŮЩٲĺĴС㣬ԵԺ֣Ҳ˵
رǼлвĸܵܣþ͸ˡ
˴ա
˭û˵ʲôܵ뷨
ۿǾҪѴõʱĥæʾôһﶼȥú룬顣
ɶɢȥ
סСǣССЦһĿ⣬ȻΪɰܲʥġ
ϧС̫죬֪ҪЩʲôƵģ˵ĻᶼûС
ʧȥȤص޹Ըš
û뵽ס˵Ѿţл
Ȼֵܾĸŵһȥ磬Ȼʹյ˸Ϣ
պǵ


121 
ָ, ռеٳʱն㣬ȴϲϣ
һࡣ
ǲ֪գܵⱨЩ, ȷе, ܼǵõĳȴĸҲ޼ˡ
ЦŸʺ˱裬Էգ, ϸЦż˵䵭, û·ϣ, ǵĸ볤棬úܡֶ֪㣬ҪȥЩ֣ĪҪһ⡣
ۺҲ֪, ̸鶼ڣδ͸¶
ľͷģ
ϻЩ, ȻˣӰѻ, ٱָָǰռ޲š
ܴС°˵, ͷ˲ٵĶҪ
ҲڻʺЩǻ
뵽ʱ龫ģ, ˵ȻʱҲ̫, ܵľĪҪ͸¶̫֪
֮, вʿó׹֮
ЩҲǻ¡
ûô, Ȼæͷ, Ц˵ллѣȻҪˣ
˵
ص𹫿꣬˿Ӱ񶹸ŵԿŵС
ǼǵҰЩʲôЦųһǰ񶹸ֿ궹ڸۻ󣬲żڵлǵҶ˵ǣͷѾͬҼľ׮ӽˣɶæ˳
ϲҲزס˫Ưи˸ڴ
ϴһ𣬿ɽꡣ
ֱǽָգ˼֮飬Ũ
ɲӦ£Ҫǵԭзϵӽ˼ٻﶼȰö
ѹȥ
ʱĬĬͷŷΪ־İƹߣյϢȻҪö࣬Ϊţ֪Ҳ͸ࡣ¾
磬ϵʮ¡
ڶԷݽдּߣϼ߾ơ
ҪǣЩȫֻд룬ȻֹΪؼдһ䡮̫ī赱顯
˵ʱֱЦˡ
Щڰò͵ĵҲûжϵϢ֪ȷʵ࣬ἰŶ߻ʺ໥άϸʳ
ֱϵĲȶ˴룬ĬĬ¿ӡ
óǺóԣǷ̫٣ϰ֮˵θڡ
ܿ죬˶ͦ˵žĻ
Ҳ̴ǻصԼ޹黹в٣ǽ˲ỹǵ޸ĺõ³̲ӣǵǲɺӵĴ¡
Ǳ߻һµĹƷȥַλɡ
жյͶ뵽æµС
ķ˺Щʱգһһá
׬Ǯĵӣλɳ伤ֵʱ˸ͷ
ҲŸλƯʲôƷãŴߣվ۵ģ⡣
ʲôǮ׬
ǵȻŮ˵Ǯ
㿪רΪŮһĵط˵ǴϱЩ߼Ժĵط
Ȼݲڡݡ
Ⱥ裬廨ֱֲգҲǿԵġ
˳ж
Ҳù󸾹Ůǳ׷ÿġ
֪һڳԲɴӵĵҲû̫࣬ǰĿԺ򵥵ĺȸ迪ʼƽ׻ױϴͷĦҵ
λŮԣ;ԲԲͽ
ͷУǳЪŵĵطô˽أ
뷨Ƿǳá
ʵͲֹôһǸС
ҪУҲǲ٣Ҫ֪⽨ĶŮӵɶţ붼Ϣ
ô˵Ϊ˰׻ܵһԡ
귽ҪɢʱͻȻ뵽ϱӷȫĻʱˡ
Լھ￪һһꡣ
Ҳֻ룬ҲҪףҪƵûóԹأ±߾ָû취ҪƹζѶȿɲ͡
ò׽
ص޹żȻԼһҪû׼Ǿǵ
¾Էֻʣգ
ǰҲûĥΪһ֮ҲȱЩʲôҪ⻹Ҫ
Żüü
˭֪ʱ侹죡
ȹϵϣ޹ﲻͣתȦȦԺиϱС˵ǹյĳһһ
ʲô棬⡭
ǰ˵̫Ǳ׼˳棬һ֮õ棬ʵ̫ܡڵ⣬Ҫ֪ôͳˣ
ʲôġ
Ů첻òݣϾѾֱӣ仨ɳ棬ҪֱֲӵĶǵ䱦ԸҲεҪ
˼ȥ
ûʲôͷ
ԲˣֻЩſ鰸ǰűʽʾ֭˼š
֪䡣
ֽϾͳţϵĴͷСˡ
ϸȥɲǵʱͬ΢ƶѵĸ·
ʱ䣬۾
ˣ
Ϊ󻭼ҵİŮˮīľǰֶûϱʧļʻü
ԭȻǰŮĴ󻭼컨׹Ŀޣ׵СŮͯΪԼܽ˴һ档
ʵϡ
ͷ޵ģѹûͣСŮͯʶȻȻʦѧҽ
û꣬͸ı⣬һ֡
𵱳ĿΪԼĨ˰ᣬŮѰīϺ±һתǸԲԴϸϣʱͻ˺ü
Ҫ̴ͨСùѰýȫ㶨
ǶŮעֽδɵıīϣϴϴ֣ȥӭЩӵСá
Ҳš
ֱڳӭȥֵԭΪλҸأôն˵ģ
˭ҲǵľѽԶϤ̴ӣԳҲǣ첽ߵԷǰֱۣЦⶼţûв㰡
˵꣬ͷ۰Цŵǧ
֪ﻹΪ´Щ޵ݣЦż˵㶼֪ͬأⲻ㻹˸㣬ˣұ͵ԣ
ж룿ҿɲš죬ȴԾǧʳƳȥ
˵˵ЦЦߵ޹
Ҳǿڣ̴ӱȫ£ĵΪǹ˷š
ȷֻǽ˺ҡĸ첲Ц˵Ȼͬϡ
˵룬ǧĿ
ʶԸĻȷʵЩֱɣŸĿڵܷģѽûˣǶ
ô˵ڹǺõġ
ǧοڣЦŴչҪϵʳУ㿪ڶ˵ǰЩһͷðǰ뷨Ա㣬ҵĴ

Ҳ಻ڡ
ƺһݲòȥ࿼ǡҲǷĲ¡


122 
⻰, Цǧʳе֣˳ӹʳУǣλС, ˵, ֪ǹңŻżˣֿ, ϲأ
֪ǧö࣬ҲĶԷһʱ벻, ţǼ⡣
ЦӯӯߣԹԴʳ, ͷĸҧһڡ
˸ζ󣬿˵ţҾ͵ҵĲˣԶ, ˵ѾȥǷһҳ, ˭ͬ˭ƽϣҲ𣡡
ߣ, ǻӣŸ㼸, Ͷƽϡ˵̽ʳ, 㣬һ, һ鴧
ʵͦôϵġ
⻹ûøش, ĥ˺ü, Ϊ, ͱһʹ𡯡
ѽֻ˵˼ǵ˼
գ۾Ĺͳ㣬æѺӸ
ͬʱڣʲôЩϹͬǺú˵
һӵĻɱ˺þã
ǴСãҫҫ֮׵ĸ飡е͵СҲա
ȻҲ˳ᣬúøȥϱȱŵڹ
뵽⣬ڼ˵ѽɶˣͦõģҲûдǰɷҥ
ʹҲֻһôá
Сţ˵Щʲôĸ첲־˵гʩա
⣡Ǹٹ̵ӡӰ㣡ͬú˵ʳУ֡
״Щ⶯ԥΣǼᶨվԭأ˵ͬɲ£ֻ֪ͬʶ֪
ôֻóԵĲݰо̫Ծ
ö˶˵ģͿϾأȻҲ˵ãǵСȷʵõòˣҲڸǲ˻ʵ۲Ůɫ
ٵʵ
ҪúŪС
úúã͸˵˲ϹϹ㻹ƣСм䣬ʼ˵ԼİСȼ
ĳЩ˵ģ̻£ֻʼ򵥴
ʲôڰºɽȻ빬޳ȥųԷڳԷʱߴߴÿտ֡
˵ģֵֻС
ͬȸһһϸϸţرֻľСèֿ䡣
˳㻹͸¶ĴūʵǵͼɰūСе
Ȼûгɹ
ȥĬΣʿˮ˿ڸѹѹ󻺻ĵĴ󡣡
ЩѵûԹ
Ȼеģ١
Ѿȫȥˣͷ֪ڽĸأ
ڹİèǵ¡
´οֻūߣι͸ˣһι鷳ˣ
ǧøЩƲֿͬ϶ѵŴȫۿ֬Ψĳľвôϡ
ٿ۵΢΢
ʯ䣬Ժڹʱ˵һ仰
Ůƭ

ɲǺƭ
⻹һӵĶټٷҲ֪治ĻͺþҲű
ǧĬĬ̾˿ֻϣԾ顣
ۺҲǷޡ
һ檣ö˵Щʲô⣬Ҳñӡ
ֻЩĥ˼ĻҪȥĥν밮Ǳ⼸ۣ
ģֻнܵǶ黹Ƿ곡Ϸ
֪£ضᶯЩԵ뷨
ǧʲô̸ǲ֪
ǻЦ̾Ըֽ١
һ
ƶȵ΢κģͣСãֹŵжá
ʲôʵűʵĵĹ˵˳
ǧò˵ЩͷǺȰ˹յ¡
ٳС
Ű˺˯š
ʱɫҲ硣
ǻƻʱֵ밲ʣµʱҲŵЪϢ
ŮټǵѾǧȥˡ
ʱĺɫִء
ϳͬǰ׼ʱţȴ޹оġ
뻷һܡ
ȴϤè
̧ȥ
ֻǴūµĴз̽СԴ
ͣĽڽлȥ
״ϳ̧ȥ
ﻹһľζ²⣬֪᣺˯˸С
ÿᣡ
ֻū˰űСʺͬʱ˼
ϳЦرϣūԲĴԴ°͡
ôè๾
գ۾Ĺ򣬾˯Сʺࡣ
ϦԽμҾӣϴأڵϣڵצŽɫĹâ
۵ĴèĬĬצӴڵڣֳβҲﵽľѴ˰Ȧ
СʺƽȺūĺڴϣ
ʱһӳ
ü
һ˯ĺܳҪؿںȻƳƣȵòУѣ
ۡ
ϵľǴè
ŵΪʲôֲ¡
أ
ū˸̧һԾ׼ȷ˵˵Ļ
βʹ°ù
˵ֱϡ
ʱŷڴߣƺ˯ˡ
ְèץʡóѵ
ĳϤ
Ⱦˣ

ƳͷȫҷֲʱɫĪЩ顣
һ㣬һŶľƣ˵ġ
ǣˣˣ
Ҳоͷġϳ̧ʾⰵˣͬʱ˵˯ãö
ûشأèиͣŴڸС
Ѷ˵ģ
ߣ˰ŤͣͼūЦ˵Ǹè
һɿ
èͬƵȥ˿ůĴ齣Լϵࡣ
ЦЦתͷʵµȺܾ𣿡
ĻشȻǷ񶨵ġ
Ҳţͷ춼ˣ극һ˿أ
ĥ䡣
ƿӾȥϴ˰
ʱǴèɾ۰ͰͿϵˡ
æӡ
ȸ˿ը㣬ְ˿Լ˵ģŰƵġ£ۿԣͲ
˵꣬è档
ҧһը㡣
ֱèñԷЦŷŻ
ŸҲ̫
Сè󣬱㿪ڸ
˵ľӪ뷨ƮƮԼзӵҪЧ
ԼֿʼСǰ޵μΪԷϴȥǲƵĿֲӡ
ڱԹﻭʱ䡭
ǿ׼ȻҪܷϣܣĲ
ϳСʺ˵Ӷͣݹȥ
ͬʱڵǿޡʵơ
⻰㶼˵ڡ
Сʺ뽫Ĩøڡ


123 
⻰, עǰǷ·ϼڴ˫ĬΣžɥ˵ûС
Ҳֲ
ѾǳŬ, ܲסСöֻò΢Ц, ӻԸ䣡Ǵ˵
ǵģѾǺ˵˵
˵ĳ̶, ֪СǶôס
Լô롭
ʵ, ԼҲû˵䣬ʵϻͦƵһˣ
ЩĪӽ, Ҳû״˭
ײܵǻˣ
ڴС϶Ƿǣ񣬰˵ˣǵɻ
Ϊʱ˵
Ļʵһ˺òã
˵ɱ顣
ʵ߻ûԵЩʵ۶أ
ù﹬˶Ե, ԴЩ⿿ֱ˵ѪȻ档
ʱ˾ͺ֣ոɱ, ûô
˵ֱһֱĸо
Ȼ
׾ٶȡǼ£ɹĵ
ֻʱˡ
û취, Ҳܽƾһ֮ı档
ϱЩΰҲ˽һ͵ʱŸıЩ˵Ĺء
ģֻоԼ΢֮, Щܼ顣
Ҫġ
ǰοοǰ⿴Ķϴȥڴĵ
ʵڲĴƶԷĻ룬ֻӲͷƤ˵, ҪŤתĿеӡҲһ֮ǵ
ǲ, Ҳǿ󡣡ϳοڴ, ʵڲ֪СʺնĥЩʲô
ѲڶԷ㡮ơ
Сʺǰȥ, ˵, Ͻ԰ɡ
ΪʧˣŶԷ߷εĿЦʱ˵Ǳɣģ¾Ͱϣ
ʲôɲ
ʲôģ˵ŵ⣬ŵĵﶼܵúأԸԸۣ㲻ܳŤתҲù˱ֵôԡ
ŵҲܸ˹Ƶġ
ϳСʺ־ʮ㣬¾úЦͬʱҲ˶Է£ЦޱĿԴ޵ĻʺܴЩľϲ
˵꣬ҩԵ棬ʾ
⻰ص˵ͷŵһЦֺ
۵ʱֶݡ
ţ뿪ˡ
Ͼȷʵúܣҹֵ鲻ʱ䣬鲻
Ҳвᣬ̸ãÿʱ㶼һСʱͬһʹȴøƵġ
ģ˵ĶʮȽգ㣬ͷɿС
ȥܻеĴ谴ĦټŮͷ
ЩҲûϴȥ˯ǵƫ鷿ʣ˼ҪĶ
Ŀɲһ
Ͼˮƽͷ̫УǾգ
ദ̵Сӡ
ˣû·Ҳأ壬úܡ
ʱգھ׼ݴֹС
ҹ̡
ڵǰһոϳ
װɲзþͬż
ʵϣֻֽϻлҲͲʮţʣȫǿհס
⵱ȻʲôƵΪ¾
ˣ˵ĸŸոտʼԺĿֶأȻҪռ䣬պͿĨ
ϸװá
ŽŮصѰ̴ľбһ֦Ժժ¸շѿ֦
ϸӣٴӳĳְ˸ᣡ

׼泩ŵӣĥҪҪһ޹ôиյʱԼƺǰܽľӪ³̡ݡʵۡ
ȷʵÿ춼и㱨顣
ǲ֪
ֲǳһʮ壬УۺѹûĻᡣ
˵󲻴˵СҲС
Ҫ󵱳ʵݵǰУ
üͷ΢壬˼Ƭ̣ͷĵչ⣬ȥһ˵մ
ϡ
øӪһ֣Ļ档
ΪˣصشϻʺķۣϺصķڣϴױ档
Ů̫ࡣ
ϷƺƵȥҪ󹬶֪ȥ
һж˳
ǰĹǽ˽Σ̫ͨʹŮٻ˽ȥ
ϲ˽ӽЩŮ̫࣬ȻԭصȺ
ʺͬة£ūȴȥƫȺ򡣡̫Цſڡ
Ҳǵĸ
Լ֪ǰʺﴦȴš
̬ȿ죬ʵȥƫ׼ùϹȲ衣
⻰Ų΢٣ôôɣòѰһεֱ游ײˣ
ϴǷļ飬зſܽȥͨòų̫࡭
ѹЦݣʾŮٴ͵ͬʱ̫˵滰ͼӶԷ׼游Ǹʲô顣
̫Ҳڹ꣬Ȼʺ֮⣬ˣӦȥ
ŵۺչϵ͡
Ҳֵøôӣί˵ةӹǿӲʵúܣֻǷſ˼ǺЩ̫
һǳ׷ϼ䣬õ̫࡮ūɲ㲻ٶԡ
ܲ
˵żҹ£ͻȻԼҵùҪҵҲԡ
ǲöá
صļҪɽʹˡ
ﰦ̾пá
ʱ
һսǡ
ײĳԧ죬ǲȴҲԶ룬ǲСĴ˼ҵĺ¡
ˡ󷽷ͬչˣֽߣҲûв˼
֪ߵʺ
֣ͬʱ˵񣬿𡣡
ĸߴӿȥܣĳλܳڴе¤ϵӣҲûбĿˡ
Ǻεȷɣ
ǿŮĶĿɶģҪúÿǸʲô
ֻǸߴ̧ЦЦ
ףЩˣעһԣʲôżɣǿۡ
ǲòòпһ䡮üĿò˴
ţ˶ᷢأ
Ҫ֪˵ò˳۳̶ǱŮ˵͵ö࣬ʱģڵ֮١
λϵеģֲ̫һ
ԭΪǸߴʱǴǰ㡣
ſɲô¡
мὣеĸоͦνţҲͦġ
ԭķЦſڣһ㡯ͼΡ
ȻҲû˭Ρ
ôˡ
λϵҲͦõģҲ˵ܲὣУûɶë
лжԷҽԴع̫ҽҲ
֪
ԡ
ĳˣǷޣΪʲôûкӣֳأ
Ŵûʲô̫С˵
ܼȢʺӵͣģܻЩ顣
ҽѧ֪ʶ
򸾶ͬһ꣬ȴûУǿɾǴ˵еĲв
⡭
ǵ˲


124 
Ѱܵİɡ
һׯ¡صĴ, ·̫࣬Цſ˵֪ͬ㲻ˣ˿, ȥֱȡ
ǲԷ˵䡣
±Ͼڹ, ǰͷǵµ಻˵, Ҳ˷顣
׿ɼУ̫ҽ, üȷʱ
Χ̴Ӳֲ࣬ʽĻ桭
˻ɢȥ
øʺȥ̫鷳
ʱĳֲ˵ĳ˼, һ⻰Ҳû̫ࡣ
ΪԷֻŷط̸̸顣
֪Сڱָжʱգԭذδ, ò׶ֱĹǽš
㶼ڹ, ˺üնûȵ
ϢȫĵŮ١
ҲǳŮڿʱ֣ڸ, ԼҲڹаߵĴ
ʵϣѹûߡ
Ҳûԭ, ޷Ӳ֡
ÿƯܰʱֵĸøͣѵ
, ҲкЩʱæµúأѹû˼˷ʱ˷Ѿرر˷Ǯ⡣
ڴش顭
ôʲô, һʱҲ, Ҳܻᴫ
رǷ¡
ʺ
Ȼ, ߶, ҲǱҪڵĶ
Ŀĵţעϵǲ¶ޱȵıӰ
һɾԧ졣
ֻǡ񷨣Ҫƣʱν֮ѡ
ֻԸܾˡ
˵
ģ
öôÿ򲻼̳ĺ˷Ѻܿϧ
üͷһ壬Ѱʱ䣬úø˵˵
вǲ
ŻƫʲôĿ϶ǲܸ㣬ȥ׻壬Ҳܻ伲ҽ
ǵϺоһʱ举ƣҲԽܸơ
Ȼ
Ҳü
Ҫû취߸ؿϱӿƼôӶǹŹأοʱǾһ
Ҳãƽ
ˣҲҪȰ뿪ЩֻܿϧǶ㵥㵽˵Ļ
ûһʧ
ܿ죬ƫ
˼ûãͿӣµŮٽ¤Լܵ۸
Ҫ˵Ů˵ĺá
רģԶĸоٴ˵Щʫʸ踳
¶ȫȻԺҪ̫룬ȥˡ
ʰʰ
ɾǵĹ֭ûԵĿ֬ϥǣǶׯĸµģ
ֱԼ游Ҳڡ
˲Ͱ֡
游дӵĿ⣬ʱգգۣˮĿ⳯ةֱֱȥ
һҪ
ɰѹִСͷҲˣ֪뵽Щʲôۿ΢졣

ϳĻ棬ƳСʺһԵ跭ͬʱ˵ʺҲδкЩҪ˵ȥƫһ𡣡
⻰кòˮⶼ˻ȥ
Ŀĵ
Ͳû֣öԷջ仰
˼϶˼ģ
游۰ɲ˫ٶ١
ǣʱԲ̫԰
Űȥѵ
л¶䡣ة๧ֵл
״Ҳæл
ûá
ͬ游ֻصƫﻹûü»ϹϹ
̴һˣֻʣةࡣ
æߵԼ游ԣ˵Ļ߲ŶԷ£ֲ˸ЦӯӯĵݵԷǰ
þǧٱ飬Ҳȷʵ飬δ빬ǰ峤ǻϲ
Ȼȴͬ
ةûаЦ⣬עã̾˿ʺ
ţǰ㣬ʼѵ
游ŲԹѵͬʱϷĸ̹ݸԷ
֪˼ҹִúܡ
ĵĻҲС˵ڣֻѵӲ
˳Ҳܰ
ǻص˺ͯʱڣдֲ棬ݵ߶߶ŵʱ⡣
֪
͹ȥ˼ʱ䡣
ة൹ǻ໰˵̫̫ǵģ޷˵ڡ
ӹŮĹϹˮ˺һҲ̲ס˵ڹйÿɺã
˼򵥵ѯʡ
ȴĿڸɬɬģ飬Ǳʲôҧȱһ飬жˮ
ȴֳܱ
ҪЦţɵҹÿɺˣ游ͬʳǺóԼЩɽڹʶˡ
˵һѺ
֪游ڵЩʲôͷһתֳϡ
ڵҪǣ´ҲãҲ֪ϲЩŹֵĶص˺ЩңǺʡаĸ
յԼ游ߣܻ˺ѹ˵»ͬһ㣬˯ϣ
˵ꡣ
ְؿڴŵ񣬵游ͣȵޣЦһ䡮ҲǱҵŶ
ةŮչЦգ֪Էġ
ˣἰʱҲܸܵŮǷʵϲá
΢΢̾˿
֮裬翵ĶͣҲͣ
ӹ񣬽ˡ
ˡ
Ҳûж˵ЩʲôֻЦŵͷ˱ã˱á
˼Һ󣬾ͿʼѯԷòãֶĪҪǶֽţԵëҲܲܣúȵҩȥȡ
顣
һѡ
ʱ벻ǰԵ˰㡣
ةԹӦ
˵ʱûпԣ˵˵ţͿ˼
ǺȰʱڵŮҪ˱īһű֤顣
Цſʼѯпɻã̫Ρ
ة౻ƭдű֤飬˵úܡ
򵥴һаá
͵ʱ磬óˡ
ʵ°ʣ̫ʹˣЩǲ£һֱžÿѰˡ
˵þ񣬵粻˵
ɲ֪游£ΪǶԷ˼Źأ̫ͣá
صͬ롣
游ĹǽĿŶԷϵش͵СΣֱҲӰŻ
һ̤˵Ĺ¾
ׯʱ¼ɥĳŵȥ
衣
Ҳ⣬˰ӣڶѵŸ߸߲ӵ鰸һ
ĳԼİ
޵Ļʺôˣ
ϳ̧ͷԷͷܿģʵڿɰ̲סմɰıʼһ¡
ֱ˫ãǳ
ſͬةĵòˣ
Ǿˣ游أͳı֤飬ǰһΣĵ⡣
ܿ죬ɥС
˵ǣ游һߣͿյģоòˡҲ֪´ʲôʱܼʲôʱ˵˵
ȥϳּסζŵֽš
ͷдЩʲô
ةּҡͷЦЦ


125 
⻰, ˫ʱҲ֪뵽ЩʲôЩ
˺ðΡ
ŽŲ, ˫ֳ°, ۾Ŀŵ˵ⲻð, ǲ⹬Ĺء
޵Ļʺʱعأ ϳЦЦɿةּֽ, ѹϣٰմɰǺһԡ
Щ, ӭСʺӰߡ
ֱҲúߣ⶯˶Сʮָ˵ⲻǵıϵֶ༸ʱĹɾͲˣ
͵ĵʱе͵زʺ, ʲôӹʲôƷвˡ
ֶȻҲô, ɵ׻ǣżأ
㵹ǵޡϳȻ֪Сƭӵĳ滰ȴҲû, ֻڵ޵ĻʺЩʲôʱֵõǶࣿ
ҲЩһֲȥʵµϼһ
ǻеطõϣҲ뺮ϳ, ż̰ա
ٺ٣һ, Ҫֹûϵʮָӻˡ
͵ųŻƤԺ顣
˺ð, , ԷĹӡ
ϵĸ첲, òò, ¡
ǡϳ裬ƳϻѵŵĹ˳ͷɫ
䵽һԸ˵վСʺϣ˵˿Ҫ޿衣
ͷأ̽ӣ鰸ڵڡ
Ÿꡣ
ѯʣŷӦԼƺ˶Է£
æӣȹڣϵЦҲãһģ˵ѰȻҪ
ϳɫ΢Щڿ̫졣
ʱܴ
ҹꡣ
ܺСʺ鿪Ļɲࡣʧߣʧߣ
ʱеź֪Ҳδֳֻ֣˵ŶǺҪ£
ֹڿͣ͡
ȴŪ
ΪŪˣҲסԼ֣صļֱӵŵӴϣš
ϳСʺ󼸺ԼЦЦЦְһѰ
ܿ죬ϳİ˳ҵǼɢδĲӣ
ԭŴͳȽϴţϻʺ衣
һ
˵ݰֲŸǵȻ޴桭
ҲһΣǰ飬޲Ҹطȥ
㹻ǿ
ƣҪ
ֻǶ΢Σҵ䣬˫ӣ򶨿ڵǳλǵһЩС뷨Ѿϸ˵ΣͲϸͣĿ
˵꣬Ѿӹӡ
ӡ
վ
˵檾Ͳˣ
Ҳȴ𸴣ȹڣվȥ
ܵһ롣
ͣعͷԵ˵󳢸̹òã
Դϴ̰˲󣬵ϸһ档
һһ뵽һ롣
ԽԽ֣
ƫ̫ҽҲ˵ɶʳ
Ըúܰϱӻأÿ찴ʱ˯Ӳҹ־òˣ
ôܳԸܲס
ϧá
ۿԽԽȣⷽȴԼץԽϡ
룬ٶǲˡĪշ󻹴ȥ롣ϳſڡ
Ƶǲ̬æӦǾ˵˰롣
¡
عͷСֹСۡ
֪Է书ǿŲָָãʺ󡯽лʱ첽˹š
ģʲô׷Ƶģ
һܡ
ͲײӭǰŮ١
ĶԷ书ãˣֲס
˱īŮš
żϳƺñϻ˻ֲ̧˲ŷҲӡ˺졣
Ů
ȴ̫˸ү߹
Ҳڡ
ݸλ͵үкŷ˹
˭֪
ôһ⡣
ֵǵĸŴ󻧽鱩岻Ůٴһ߶ȡ
ʺѪˣܲ
ȻЩǺ󻰡
صеĥһ¸ôòùøȹأ
Сϴɾ㻭µױԱ
ŸϲӲҩѹϳɵĵ׷ۣûüü֬һȺɣ˵Ҫ
ƫòС
Ҳס
û취ȥˣȻɿеõ׵ҥԡ
ԭǶΪӢ࣬űˡ
֣
˾ţ֮Լûб򣬻˵ֻϲСմɰ
Ҳ֪Ƕôġ
ôġᡣ
˵šöá

ɣյһҩƷƷ
뿪ʱڹʱϵӰ˰۽ǡ
ܸͣӡ
ʱ˵ϵīΪŴ²ḻǡ
ִԸǶôôĺá
˵󣬿ˮҪˡ
Ʊ鼫ãûҪһҪ
ûбɡ
ֻ˰룬εΪ˷Ըˣֻϰ롣
˵һòֱͣӰѵ롯ȥ
ߺһʱ䣬ȷԶ
кŮͬĳõƫ
Ȼ֣ȻϲЩѴӿⷿѰĸֻƶϣְѱʯɴܣװȤС
á
ӿⷿ﷭˸⣡
˾ʱصȥѰģһڣ
רԻԧ
ڼױƺܲ˼飬ǳˡ
Ͼ¶ͦô˵ҪڹױͲʳԡ
ϣ
ѹ̴ȥϴɾ㿪ʼĥҪЩֵģ
һľǰޡ
ա
ͰźһУصָϵ밲
˻ƻʱ֡
·ĵš
ΪӦҪȥ̫󴦣̫øȴû뵽ڷ׼ʱ޹
첽ӭȥ
Щʲôּ𲻵ʱ򣬱Ŀ˵ǳԵ㲻һģ
кβһϳϿȥȴʽǰСʺպˣΪǣҪѹһƽģ
ǲԷ֪ʲôӡ
ϾڹУӣҪЩʲôġ
⻰Цеϵĸ첲ǣƫȥͬʱ˵¸ҹ֪ˣ
ŮͰźһС
ȥƫ·Ȼͨ衣
ܿ졣
˾ͲϦǵƻͨƫ
ߣ˵
صصĳģԧ
ʺСԧܣ
ϳһδκδʳģ߲һһŶѵزҲ򵥷ڵϣгƬһѪӦġ
ǰ֣ʹ˳˼
ĪǡСʺΪǵóʳɣ


126 
ôôڴĻŵĸ첲, °ͣĵȴſޡ
þδڡ
ҲȲ, ￴ȥ, ܾûȱ˵ʲô
Ȼ䣬
͵, תͷľŻţǿҪɽϦ, æȥŸϡ
ܿ죬ϦȫȻڵںصľ֮⡣
ֻʣǸʽɫĻԼڹ·ҫ۹âıʯ, ʱá
ϱӵӾưҫʵƵķΧС
һˣֵúܡ
ȻΧҲ϶νľͰѲʵҪ߼࣬Ͼʯɶѳ, ЩΩΩФżתֻͶӰĻҲ˾
뵽⣬Цֻ̧ιӵĻ, ˵ЩƸʯǲǺƯ, ǧѡֲõŶ
ԣϳ˳СʺĻȥһĵԼһıʯ
˵, ȷǶܲƯ
, ӵֲĶѷһҵ뱦ʯɫڰ, вΪŨĺ̶ɫ
ӳճǺɫ, Ϊɭ
Ӽ򵥴ĺƬгɿ, ǹ׶ɫŵĹˮ, ϳ򡭡
һʱ䡣
֪˵룬Ҫ˵ͬʮ˲͹
ǧѡ⡣

ϳȷʵǸܵˣϾԼСʺ⣬ҲܵĳģĲá
˼ˣڵǱ¡
˱£ҲʵҲʵȥ޵Ĵʡ
ǿɲȻ£˵Ƕһ޶ЩɶǴҼױ﷭ģ
˵˵ţ߲ͣΧĻ뱦ʯϴתûȥעԧ
æ˵æһգҲˣ£Ըŷŵʳģʡ
⻰ϳƤʱСʺޣƳϻŵĽεȵϣԴ˵ȷʵʣƣŶڴ³޿ɵúúó
Ȼ֪һں׶ɫͷŲĹܵЩʲô
СʺȻóصڽ԰ڣ+Ҳŵúܣʲôطȥ
治á
Ƿ˼׼ģɲɨ˶Է¡
Ȼǣ
˸ӣŵһЦ󣬰ѵߣż¡
ԼҲ
ЦʾԧЦڵڹǲִԲϸʲô
ԣϳ˼Ƭ̡
СʺϵڴԽԽʢãŻشЩ̫ͼ
һ̫ˣ˳мſ컡Ĺȷʵ̫ͼûɶ

ԸƱ磡
Ц˵ʲôҪҪǣ׶ڹУǲǾ;ԧ˫ɶԣ
ϳ֪СʺǸʲô뷨ЦЦ͵ǼͬŶ˵˫ɶԣ̫㣬β׷תֲᡣ
⻰۾СԴ
治ĻˣⷬѸոСʧڸǹȥ˫ɶԣֲᣬǺԢ⡣
㿴
æ˵⿴ŹˣǿԽԧζΣ
¡
϶һᵽм䣬֪ԷûԹæʼ
εζγԡ
ƵĻ꣬ԥòƼƬˡ
æƬеñķţ̣˵ԧȻҪȳԻ磬ǧҿҸ̰ɣԵԧˣζҲõͷҲͷź졭
ϳûüӦ𣬾ͼСʺƬˮ仰ʱ䣬Щϣݵ
̧СʺĿ⡣
ƬǺͣҲ֪û⣬Ž
űǺȺü
̫𣿡üͷǲѵæ˱¶ȸպõĲˮݸ
֣ӲǳƬ⡣
˵ǳԲҲǿиӦĿζ
ޡȿȣ޿ԵģֻǳγŨζвʰա
ϳСʺĲˮһȫꡣ
ͷ泩࣬Цſ˵ȷʵǰԵ޵ը̻𡣡
ϲͺã
ȷʵǿģϵЦݸʢֻ֣˸Ƭ̡
ƬմЩͷУϴ⻹ЩƵˣټϼĻף׵ݵߡ
Ц˵гԷҲܲҶСѧʱ򡭿ȿСʱѧʱĳμпϷ㷨ӡ
ʵϱĳλ˵ѽĳԷ
Щ̫죬˵©졣
ľҲܲҲ
㣬һֽһָƼֻڿͷ˼ƬʣµĶֻǶͣõԸ
ϾĿ֮һԼַʳ
ٷҲǿϲãЩ࣬ɿԷҲһ鶼û
֮ǰһԷʱҲԷЩ
ĪǱʳʵӸˣ
Ҳû̫࣬ٻԵúܿģҲĿޣ˵ٷĲá֡ζˡ
òͺ
ˮֺڡ
ЩӰȥٵİѾѻʰһɶﻹǻ֮ɢĻζƲͷԹ
ûЩԱŵʼŵĻƣÿ˵ٳԼζǶ²ŵЩ»ơ
شһ
Ҳ֪ȥãＸеĵƶϣʣ·мǸơ
ŵߵǸ۹Ļǰһþ»ľӣݵϡ
Ц˵һоϲŶ
ϳЦЦ˳Сʺ⣬ᳶ
ֻǰǰʵĻһƬһƬſԭǵķɫâҲŨ޳ɺ졣
ƻתš
мһŮڻȻ裬ߡ
ֱߵ㣬ȫȻ򿪣ʽɫƼڻϣǴشʢĻ䡣
£ŶȥŻƺòãŵĸ첲ڵϣ˵Ż
ĵҲ֪ûзŹơ
ŶԷʱɽģҲмЩֵĻƼѽڣԭҲ顣
ȻˣŵֵķŸơ
ǰѽĹ¼ȫϣ
״ϳ΢㶣ҲΪȫǻƣ𷽲Сʺ󼸺ÿεƻᶼͬϸ˵˵࡮ǱԵȻ
΢̡
ЦΪСʺ鷢
ӦãŶȥŻơ
⻰׶ԷѾ֪⣬ͷЦЦż⣬ڵ˸ǡ

ˣȥ
Ÿմš
ͼһֻſڣĴè
ūԲ۾ֱǣָʣڱѹ

ϳżʱôֻè
ֲýΧá
ԭûеﰡ


127 
ﱧƵ¶įһèá
ջȰ
èֹ, ǵǸǰŵ뽫һٲԾͲ˵Ĵèι
ūͷǱ롣
ѹûֱ֮࣬Ա, ǿ˸, צӣ΢ŵһ
ιè, 㲻ٵʱ䣬ϻ, ȥδɵ¡
ֻΡ
ԻֻѲصĴū
ҲϰūɢֻǸµСè, ѹƻõĶ硣
˵ˣСèҲ˻Ҳͷһèèǰ̸
ǰڴ̨һס
èè۾أ
һ·ͣͣ˵˵£㱧ŻƲǣ, նúܡ
Ҳûκˡ
ܾĵֻʣˡ
Դ˺⣬صѰ˵, öԷæġȫͨ
ƫƧƫЩ
·ϵҲټ֡
á
¶߸߹ͷ
ߵԤƵϪϣԤеҪԶ̫̫, 飬Զ·Ҳӳ
ǴһȦ
ȷû˺, Ŵŵߵϵͤº, Ʒʯϡ
ͬʱͷŵ, ȰѻƷ, ôĶ·, ۻ˰ɣ
Щƿɡ
ʵϷɲ, Ͼ˾ģЩδ򿪣һֻһֻѹʵ
״ϳǽϵĵϣŰЩɢɢСһһúá
ϰʵƣ
ǿСʺѾЪϢЪϢ
£˵ϪͨͷĻǺӣĻƯǻǺӣ;ͬ飬ȻżҲҵֶϡ
߽ŵϵĻƣ߶߶ͣ
ʱˡ
̫ᵢ˯Ҫ֪ʱ糯ıȼ磬úܡ
˯Ļĥ
뵽⣬ӿ˶ռеķѻһһ󣬱̧ͷ
˵£ȥӱԡ
ϳϸʽľɻƣ̧֣˵Ŷϲʲôģģ
СʺϲģȻҲϲ
ѽѵˣҶϲôأ
Ȼῴ˼ЦЦ΢ĵֱֱֿĵ
Էʼ˼
Цһ˵ܹЩƶǷţûʲô𡣡
ҪЩʽУ
ϾȻҪ
á
ϳʽͬơ
⻨ǾԶԶȥϺƮŵԸûʲô
СͷһؼԸʱҲȥŸơ
꽥֪񲢲Ҳûǵ˼
һݵСʺǰЦ˵Ǳա
ãڻ﷭ҳ̨볤򣬴ӵ˻𣬲վŵͤȥͬʱ˵ǵˮٵȼƣȽϰȫЩ㲻֪һиСͰѻƵȼ˭֪ûߵǵƾ
Ц˵¡
ȹڲʯϵѵע¡
Сߡ
̨ݸ˵˵£㡣
ΣƲܻΣ
ȱ𼱣Ѱ˿ʯͷš
ԣԾбһ㣬źѸ̧ɿ𣡡
ǲΪʲôѻó
ѽűȽս

ߴߴָ£ûãյƾ͵ȼˡ
̨һԣ˵˫ŵƣȻַںӱߣȥ
˫ͬʱˮϡ
䣬ӳճεĵӰˮ浴ȦȦ
ȻǰַŽˮζˮ档ǣ֣̽ˮ¡
زˮȴˮ
ϳתͷСʺֻԷ˫ǳǰ貣Цݴޱů糯
ҲЦݡ
½ƫԶ
ͬһˮ󣬾ȹڣֻæµСѼƵģȡơ
ͷһزͬ
ˣ߰˸ƾôȥٽˮγȥ
ʱ
ˮϾƮ˻ƣһһΣͨɾĵƺӡ
ʱֻϳϻʣյơ
յƷˮУȴԵСʺ
һյƿԸŶ
ĿſڣµţǳģҪдڻϣֻҪۣĬԸѵƷˮоͿԣὫԸ졣
룬յҲô
֮Ը١
á
ϳ˳Сʺ⣬˫
Ź
ȴһ򵥵Ը
ֻԸ
ˣСʺ顣
ĵˮС
ϳ˫ȴ滨֮ҫǵ⡣
ǳ׹뷲䡣
·ξ
ΪԸ᳤һЩû뵽Բ񣬶Էۡ
өõæųˡ
ĬĬҡҹյ󣬽ҹʵʵ¶ͬʱһֻСצӣǻͣˮϵʮָۡ
˵֣ҵĴ󱦱
оŶڣĿ֡ϳתͷעСʺ
֪ⳡ˸ŵҫΪôһ䡮̵֡档
Ȼӡ
ȴף
ǵȻ
չԼС˺þöûʲôʾֻ֣ڶԷעµ˵Լա
ôѾ˼Ūⲻýһ£
ϳСʺĴתǲϵߣЦЦ
ֽԷ
СʺĿԣüһǣᴥ»ֱĴԥ˿ݡ
ʡ233ۣ
ҹջơ
սƣʱš
ֻһȦĳϡ
źع
ĵǲصĴצӣԼƿæҵԼ
ʱˣҲʱȥЪϢˣ
·˵ԻվߣȴӰ̫ˤǻƵĺ
ֿ죬סСʺ
ż㡣
ص˰ͤ
˵ϳЩеѯš
ûûУǽŻˣȥЪϢɡ
ϵĵĵ˯æߣֺȻԸ׼ûͳȥ
Ц˵һ׼һŶڿ쵽ʱˣҪǴͣɾͲζ´Ṧɷɻء
ûʣġòá˵ڣͱᱧߴҹĻʹ֮ۡ
εṦõò졣
˵͹Ȥģ
ͷҹʹӽС
ŻƵĺ˺ЩźߣʼˮĻץܵө档
ͬһµĵԾͤעŹİڷԸ̵ƵĶСЩʲôģģʲôģ͵Ǻһյһյ͹ȥǧ𡣡
ϪȷʵͨŻǺӡ
ͨȴǸӵĵ°ӣֻгȥлᵽ﹬⡣
Ȼǻʺ⣬ҲʵֲС


128 
ĳֻĴūʯ, һ˫͵˫ֱֱʧķ
أ 
ٴαˣ
밵ǵԼèС, ں˿֡衯һŲ֪
֪, ֵѵÿҹ
ƣ
СԴתһȦһȦ, ǳνɶҲûƵġ
˵ʵ
־ĵĻʹȷʵޱ, ͬҲˡ
߻Ÿ
ײʱţҹ˾, ʺϷĳЩѪȿֲ¼
뷨Ҳһζ
ܿ졣
ͱͻص޹Ҳ飬ŲܹҹͳȥɾͲһ
קߵǰ
ƳǷĴ, а̾Ů治󣬱ЦŶԵ˵, ƣǳΪ׼񡣡
治СϳЦŴ⼸ԲСҷľ, ɵò²ͷǸʲô
ᡭ
ɻȴҲûж, ֪ʱ磬µСʺע, ܵþŶ飬֮ҡ
Ҳǳ檵, Ȼǻ֪Ǹɽͷʦ̫أ
ȤԼĿ, ɵЦ
ֻķǳ
ǳɥ̥С˵, ļͥҲ󸻴һгǢ, ֱ۱ǳһ֮
ҪǣΪע¹ӵȻ顣
뵽⣬˵۾ճЦͬʳС
˵Щʲô
뵽պӿȥԳҲҹ
ּҪ˵Щʲôͷңңæ˵˺ˣҹѾˣٲȥЪϢǶֱȥϳˣ
˵꣬˸Ƿ
Ŵţ˯⣬Ŵͣ۽Ƕʪ
û취˯ö磬ҹûʲôֻټϹҲôȫȲϱӵ׳ơ
һ˯㡣
ҲͲ̫Ŵ
״ϳҲٶ˵ЩʲôСʺü˸ǣٵΣʹŴľ뿪
ȿȣû뿪ɹ
˴Żǹھ޴ľп˴ϡ
ģ;öԷϱĳС˰Ϸ
ֱڸסǵĻȡ
æ˵£ʵŵģûҪػض
ȥ
ĸƵģ
Ҳѹ֮ǰСᡣ
˵
Ҳûٿķ򣬶ǿ첽ȥſڣŸ򿪡
Ůٶ̴ҹĪҪ߶
Ե书ȥȻ˲
ϳȷʵҹӰȥ٣ͬʱΪϰ֮ˣҲĿ
Ȼûд©СʺǼЦ
ʵҲЩߡ
Ͼǰܣϲҵס
ȵס̬
Ҳ˵ЩʲôδűߵСʺ󣬱ޱģŷ뿪ˡ
ȷϵߵøɾ̲סЦ
Ρ
ºãҲĿ˻صľȣ
˵ŸϷţ뵽Ը׼Цøˡ
ŮҪЩˮϴ
ܿʹżǷůĴ齡
հŴӻصеĵײǰ㱨ĵĵ
˽ͣ½Ų
ԡ
ǵȷӦ̧ʾİȥӵǹھ޴ľ䡣
˾ȡ
ֻľһаƣ뵽˻ġ
ء
ϳܾİæ±ǳĬдЩ̬
Ż˵ǻʺ޵
ֻԼƺڵĻҫ뽾
ٴγĬ
ãδ˵ԷͣԼϣƺڵȴЩʲô

Щˣ˵ϲ
ͣ㱨껨ƵĴ˵ҹѾջʺ˼ԭ֮
ҲȵӦ
תԾʧʡ
ϳűüԹȥӰڶŰ˵۸ˣ
ҲĬˣðΣŻش
²֪
õ𸴵ϳûټעǶԷڹб˲þɳȥ·ͽɢɢľͺˡ
ʱ
ص޹
ðգ֣ذϡ
˰
Żľеĸӡ
Цϳڴĳľпȥ
ֻͷŸͬľУͷĺģֻǴСı䡣
ϳЦЦ֪СʺƤúܣҲļ
кٴδ򿪣
ۿȥɸӡ
߸
ֱھŸ
ϳڿ˾ɵ̴ľԼ̴ľϵĺ
СĽ̴ľȡ
㿴»ѹһģĵֽ
ͷŸԴСˡ
ģСʺ
ЦĿССʺлŸģĶ״ֽͬ㡣
ϳֽŻԭòСŪ塣
Ŵ򿪺
ȡ̴ľǱᣬỺĴ˵һҳãϸѻÿһ䶼꣬Žŷڶҳ
ʱޣ֪
֮һޡ
*
ʱۣ׾Թ϶
һţȥȥֹ顣
գۼ͹ꡣ
ˮָɺ߲෢Ǳ߾ս
ⶼŵúܡ
ڵִзÿÿ𣬾ͱ෽ִˡ
βδ
ӱɵİ䷢˰սͼ̰ץ˲٣⶯֮оñҪЩ
һڰеͯҥ˺üء
ʺҵҲͬúܲ
Ķ˼ڹϣɳ߶Ҳǳ˳ĵԽС
Ӧû仰˵
ЩͬģȨƸ߰Դͬˡ
˭ǰû͹Ů̽ȹ̵λ
вǳڶԭ򣬲òͣ
˳͸͸˵ԶԶϼۣҲѾ㹻
ĹԱŹŴʺŰ򡯵ȶִţµ治СİѻʺûˣڻʺĳЩ뷨Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ةǻõŮǿɶз˵ĹϵҲ
Ҳ˹
Ȼͬͬ⣬ؿɲܸġ
ɽҪˡ
֮ǰȥһһУ˶š
ڳǵ뷨һҲ⡣
Ƿӡ
ֻҪ׬ǮΥɾȥɡ
ֺĹǣɻʺһȫѪ͵Ǯһֺһá
Ǯš
ǸţƴͿ߹š
ȿȣǹ󸾹ŮǮ
Ҷˣ˭˽˭

Ĺ򣬵ǵ׬ģ˽ﲦȥӵĿеʣ
ϳʱСʺǰпȨĸԣ
ÿÿǿŮԵĿ¹ȻҲϾṹ
ĥԵǮʱȴӵе֪Ƕ˵Ĺϵ̫Լµˡ
һ밲ʱ̽Ρ
ʲô£ǰи׼Ķö롣

ܲ룿
ⶼˣ
̫󻹿Ϊ֪˵ˣ
Ҫǣ
̫ǵ
ܲ


129 
źü춼շת಻, óҲԲã˯Ҳ˯¡
ģ䵽˲С
ǻΪǻʺʮʱ޳Щʲô, ŭ֮ơ
Ͼ겻ģԴӵ޹űˡ
༫пǳдЩʱȥʹɲ, ӷòУͽŭ𶼶ʺ
Ҫ֪ŻʺɶǴӾй󸾹Ů, ׬˲Ǯģλٵ͵, ֻҪ㹻㹻ŬϽȱǵķֺ졣
ֺҲһ, Ŀǿɹ۵úܡ
Ǯ׬˲١
ѹ󸾹ŮǶֲ˼ʱ꼫̫Իɿɿ졯
һɿ죬䡣
ʱˡ
ǲ, ¶뿪
˾ٿصȴûӭӵĹԱˣͬ, ְų׺ÿڡ
ҾȨ֪ڳʱĵطŮ˷, Ҳ״Żҵ档
ǣָѩڵϡ
ԽѻԽࡣ
Ŷľս
һ뵽ֿ, 㶼ȹϵϣԲúܡ
ҾƾԼŬ÷Ǯ, ѾԸ
ȨƵζȷʵ
ֻڲûжĺ߶δùȨƣ
峿
Żʺǰ㲲ٵģ, ͬԲ˯õڰͲסˡ
̴ֻĸ
ľһ, ͷ׷׿ѯųʲô¡
ʺ, ǧѶ, ĪҪһ˿¹ĽöڣѴ˵Ҳæ
ǰ΢ôҲܳһ
ʰߡ
ΪЩѾٹˣҲֵһ°գ

һ䡮ʺ󡯣һ䡮˶ãˡ
ǱлҪǳӡ
ڲ˲Ծ
⼸գƺ̫ЩҪ㣬˶ҴææҲûֻϲ
ôˣ
ʣһɶֽ֣ŵĿ
Ż˵ܺãǽСˣЩǽǣ֪Ϊ˼ꣿǹʲô
һаá
ǻʺЩ㲡
ҵȽ֪󹬣Ķ࣬¶ƣݡίҲЩǰš
ʺ䣬Ľö࣬ͬһģǳʲôӣҲһ˵š

һ˽һ䣬ùףԭΪǰ֡ұ
ĵƾŬϵĹֻ಻
Ǵѵһ
æЦſ˵ǶˣɱˣССӪ¿аɷֺ죬ɵϣȻٶƽϡ
˵꣬Щ˵⼸ղĥµĵӣֻ׬Ů˵Ǯֻ̫СˣӷɵҪЩµӪЩеĵĴǿڴҲһ͡
ֵǹཫעϡ
䣬ͬǰ㣬ôһﶼڿݵӡ
뵽ǶЩΣȴÿÿֻܹŶ룬뵽Լÿζ͵͵ؼС
ɤӡ
ʾµǮӾӪ˳ȥָʱɹ̽ʱĶ䡣
⻰һ
Ǽ÷׷׶
еȼߴ͸
ֻԼٴαȺǴѵĴ飬ǵ۾ˣ
Ҳʵʮļңڣ˼Ҳ
ȻҲٲɲ̫һ
Ŵ׳ֶԹʲôģΣҺٴҲһȤ
ܿӦɡ
عǳǳĴ£ĥӦ̫ȴû뵽С
ǰٵĻƺɻԣȴǧ˫ۡ
ɣ洦ǹ谮ĺ󹬣ǧĲ֣ǲʮ꣬ȵϻʺ
Ը
ǿƾСϢڶ괺졣
˼ͷɢЦŶüͷǧ˵㲻صģʵ̫֪Ҹ顣
ֻˣ
ǧǾòԾ̫֪ΣԸŮԣŮ֢֮ҲڴƣѵǼ
ǳ
Ҫǣˣ꣬ʵ۶û
ھ˵ʲôףٳЩ
Ȼ
׶ÿЦ
ʮ˵ŮӶѾϹˣҲֻоϻֺǺǾõԸס
ǧɵ
Ƿû
Ȼô쳣־ٶɶ޷ͣ
ԵĲᣬ˶ӣ绨һ˵ڻУ̵ס
һ˾֮á
һҲһ£꣡
ʱɲ֪СڸԸ˹ڸ١ͷߵЦЦ˵ϱţȻǽŵģ
ܲ
ϱԱŮŮ
һԵŶãЦЦͬʱҧһڹ廰㲻ͼ̫Ҽǵÿζĵͦĵģüֱ̫ģ鼫ˣ㲻֮ޣ¶ҪŮ⻹Ҫţ
ԣ죬˵Щʲô־ö̫ʡ
Σ˵㲻
úúãҲʲôƺȥ˼˼ǵĸӣֻɵֻԡʼ硣
̧¡
æŹվǧ󣬸˵ɲ尡һʲôˣ
˭˭ˣôûƵ˵ߴܵԣѸײڶ֮ƣ̧¶Էļ
һ⣬ҲˣҲˣǧ䣬ίί˵㣬㿴۸ң˵˴ʵܵþֺ˵洫Ҳڴˡ
⻰ǧЦЦ
̧һ࣬æȰ˺ˣˣú˵
ҵ˵ɾѽѸǧ࣬ƿ˿ڹҡͷ˵Ͼ˽ǵľѣ˭֪鰮СնЩʲô
ʲô׬Ǯ¡
̸£ֶ̿˵
һլǧƳЩʲôʱСѱ
뵽⣬Цż˵ҲŬ׬ǮµӣͿȺȨǮӣʱͬ˵˵Ƿ̽ף
ҲŲȥأ
һǱ׸ͽģ˵Թǿ϶Ǽٵġ
ڻȥ
ﶼ
⻰Ц˵أһҪأҪĻȥ£㾴㡭
˵֣꣬˵ãûҪȥҲҪأһҪȥ

ô࣬ҲûֱӾͰ˳βĺ
ǧ֪һһδŷöԷȥʹ
˵ͷϡ
Ȼ̴̫󴫻


130 
̴ͨɫ˲佩Ӳ, ǵЦݶ·ҪѿԭɿֵɲǼȫŴ棬ԺиͽȻ롣
˺ðΡ
ûܻع, , ͬľͷ

ǧ΢΢üŻ˺üûȵӦ, ҡͻȻСá
ЩΪģ
Ҫֻ֪̫ᷢҪʲô캦Ĵ, 빬ðֻᷣš
Ҿ峤, ̫Ҳǵúܡ
˵ӦҲؽŲǡ
ǧ벻ֻͨܽȫڵʮа˾ĳûϡ
Ψе屧ſɽ쳣
Ȼ, ҲԼЩǨŭⶼȥ, νٳֻת˿ɼİҲֻڱϾ֮С
˭֪ȫò, ̲סɵǷڽ֮ƭ֪Ļʺ
ʱɲ֪ԼСöʲôֵͷǣǿЦЦ
ԼֻЩС, СȻȥ
Ͼ̫٣ΪϱҲ׵, æּױҴææŷ̫
̫ϲ, ʶ޹Щƫ
Ҳ㹻ʱȥ˼Ӧַ̫, ôһ˲, лƮ̫óһǧƽ뿪Ļ档
˵, ͦгġ
ЩͷĲ⡣
ҲΥ˼ĳЩرѪȵĿܣ磬Դ߲֪ɱ
ɲ룬ĸʼ
ʱôƽĵطɷ֮ϻиһŭʬӲǼٻ
顣
Ĵڶҡ˻Ȩ
ҪԸСֻ಻١
һʼʱ;Լ׻֪ԼȷʵЩ档
治ڴڲʱơ
ܻ񻹲С͵õģɶҪлǳ̤Ĵ󲡣ǳָľͲǷʥּǰĨɱ
Ƕ˼
̫֪ԼŮװĺܻͬͱ¶
˵ʵһ뷨Ҳڡ
ֻ˲ܱܣҲܽ͡
Խ룬Խּȵۺˣޡ

ÿ̫һĹھ
ǿˡ
оһȥиĸϽŰ
ŵ˺ôĹ侲ʼĥҪ˵Щʲôָô˵
˼ڤã뵽ôʹİ취
־
̫𣬲Ҳϣʹ˵ģ컯Ǭ̫ҲҪС
ô˵Ҳһ֮󣬰̧νĹ˳˻ʼ뺡
Ҫûи׼ȷ˭׶á
ʲôһƴľ顣
뵽⣬ʱİ٣Լֻȥ˵ĸףſϱ˳ҲӦӦûҪô⡭
߶߶á
̫Ҳˡ
ѲƵ䶵䣬˵ӺӺ̬ǧ
ģ
˿óʵĿİ㱻ûš
µÿһ·ϱĳеϰ
ӷ·
ȴ·˰뱲ôá
ܿ졣
Ϳżִ̫תŷ飬ǰ˸ͬʱ˵𾴴ʡ
̫඼δǰȥЩ
ȴȥ
׼סԼı飬۾Ҳҿάֱֱ̫մŵЬӡ
Ρ
̫󷽲Żع̧Ц˵ʺˣҾûܲطϹǰ裬Կ࣬Ǹζ̬ǵЩࡣ
Ƕɵúúó
ЦӦߵֵ̫˱ССڵĺ
̾ȷʵЩ࣬ظ֮ã̬ྡ
ҺȣСȰϹ˵ȥ
ʵĿ࣬ϱͷһغȿȰǶûǰࡣ
ʲôζѹû
Ҫʲʵȫƾһ죬ϾƷҲǧǧζ
Ҫ˵̫Ҳһ칬ھ
и仰ʱ䣬˴ѹȸоŶɲ⡣
ѽ˵һĺ̫з𾭷£ЦڣҲѹֻʵۻϲ

ֻúëֱ󱳶Ҫ亹ʪ
ȵ־䣬ټĵ̽ɲڴѾ֪ȫòϢ
֪Լܻš
̧ͷӭ̫ǿʵζߣЦ˵ѵĸϲǶɲˡ
ֻ̫Цҡͷ·ͬСͨˡ
Ե֡
ӹǵţ΢΢ü˵ãţʺҲưɡҲ֪ӾкκãɽˮҪȥຮԺͷŮӣôͨ͸ĸӣ鰮ȥ¡
治ҽӻˡ
⺬ɳӰԵòԣһ˫أνĺӲָҲָ
򶨽ӹš
Ҫ֪ſɶֱ͵̫ϣζ
ĬĬ̾˺ü
Ӧ̫ǰŷ⣬濴ŵģ
ѯɺãһſʼ˵ԼԺŮӵȤ£˵ԼҪ泩˵֮һת
˵µС
ôдٷȥѰʦˡ
Ÿ̫ҪεҸ˵ĵطһ
Ͼǰڹеʱǳ֣صȥԷϺҲͦóƲв顣
¶Է벻ţǼ⣬һٶȥѰ
ǵƵòУ˵Լҷʱ̫ͣ±㿿ļӲϴš
֮˸Ρ
΢΢̫²豭̾Ķζ˲ˣæ
˵ĸ̾
˵ꡣ
ԱգǶ벻⡣
̫ܲ̾
ִҵ֪ȥԺԱŮĵʺ꣬Ǽ̾顣
Ǻʵִ̫ͬҵѡϲŲİ
̫ٴ̾˿
ิѹ£з΢΢ת̧ʺҲǸͨ͸ˣܷ֮ң鰮ȴһͷأ
̫ߣĶ˺ˮƹȥ̫Ҫ˵
̫ˡ
ô𶼲ʣ̫ġ
Ҳ˵⻰ǻڵУ˵̫⣬Ҫ˼ĸܡ
Ŀãʱ仺š
״̫΢΢üڵʺΪβ˵ǲԸ㰧ҳ
ñӾôԴϡ
治ܲ˵ˣ΢΢죬˵Щʲô
ȴĳϤϤ˽
ĸЩʲôҳ
ϳ첽߽СʺͶֳϲ÷·˶֪Էûٱĸڡ


131 
ʲô, Ǻӵ顣̫ЦЦ䣬, ˵ʵǲ֪ɣ, ࡣ
ǿǺ£
ϳСʺѾ첽˵һվţֱĸ档
Ÿ¡
ȴĸ̾˿
æ˵ϲ, ĸΪλ̾
̫۵, ˵Ĳˮǰ¡
˰, ˮ븹Уֱϡ
˶ֿ࣬䡣
Ʒڲ裬Ż˵ܲ̾ǺʵҲ, ִúܡ֮һ, ִȫʧԼЩʲôȥϸ˼
ĸԲӡ 
ϳԸĸ׵֮, ̹̹˵, 峣Χ, ӡޡţ顣˵ϣ˰ա
, ֻ̫ҡҡͷ, ĿԶԶ, ޱ߼ʵ, ̾˵ãжҪŮӣҲԺнŮ֮˲ͣܳܵס
˵⡣
½£ת˵̫̫࣬ŮӱͿ
˵롣
̫δ˵ȥֻǿ΢΢ҡͷٴ̾˿
ϳ֣ЩȴĲˮȥΪǰĸȥˮ
ͬʱ˵׷֮࣬ܳмأ޶޷⡣˼ΪóԸĸӦҪΪ件ϲǡ

ĸ󡣡ϳǰĸ׿ںţԷż˵ҲҪԼӣĪҪȥ̫ࡣСǵ飬СȥͺãѡȻóе׼
Ҳա
̫˰֣ҲݵǰȲ裬ϵķ𾭣ɫ
ͬԼĺ硣
ʲôģ⺢ӷҪ·ȥ
ʵǸӡ
δͬȵ۵
ǲĳܹԹǻţǲҲֵúҶҪ׷еɾԶߣǲǾͲŮ໥Ľҹִŵһ
̫Ŀ΢ʹʮ»̥µĺӣȻ۰ޱȡ
һνڻʱҲֻŶԷԲԲ֡
ʵ֡
ڹʦó֮࣬עҪණҲעӵĳЩ֡
žϵá
δС
ãֵ֣Ĳվͬʱ˵ҷˣȥɡ
ϳ˵ЩʲôɼĸѾ첽ȥֻǽĲˮһ
վ
һվľͷСƭӣʺҲȥɡ
⻰̧ĬĬ˸
ֱӰ첽ʧ⡣
ŴŮٿ첽뿪ͻȻѹޱȵĹ
ɾ뿪ڷϵԺлǻصŵ̫ǽԱĻԼ˵ľֹ顣
̾˿
ĳ֮·ǿ鲼žǰ˺ۡ
ⲻ̫ܾˡ
Ҳгŵĺˣ޸ŮװҲҲҪڼǰ·
ˡ
һʱҲ֪ȥԵ
뵽ŵ뿪ʱģٴ̾˿
ʱ仺š
ܿ죬£ֵ˻ƻʱ֡
糣׼ŷˣֳԴһûһè׳βͰ棬µĵȴŵĵ
Ȼȵȴǹڵϵİ
ԭ̫ȥų鲻

Щ֮⣬ϸҲ֮С
¶èŷʢͣڼԼ̫˷ѵԭûжθڵֱӳ˸š
ŵòͣãͣͣ
˴ֻ̫ҽЩʳɽ髵ڰһһڵá
Ҳ֪̫ҽʲôë
뿪ʱֵݸҽ˸ζ

ûƻʦּƽϣԡ󣬾űӣڴߣŵ
ҹɫ΢ǿ㷲ġ
Ҳ֪˶á
õѴͷǱɻոµҽ鶼˺ЩҳͷңңĴŴҴҸ
¡
ѹûȥֵҽ鶪һԣϵıҲȥЬӶûüϣ͹Žųȥ
ͬʱ˵ôˣôҹ̣ӦֱӻȥЪϢģȻ糿Ҫ
ϳֽ̧ס۵˽СʺһηɫɲǷ۵
ЦЦ˵Щʲô
ȴԷŵĽѾӣһֱӽԷ˵㻹֪Ь඼ɲƾҩȡ
˳ƽֹڵ䣬СڶԷؿϣⲻļ𣿡
ļҲܲԸ塣
ϳѵ⣬첽ߵ齱ߵСʺ£Ѹñӽֱֻ¶СԴ
֣ȥԷͦɵıͷ
֪֪ôô˵꣬ʶ⻰Щ֪ʵζĿڡ
ߣ־һζӱҲǸ¡
̽ͬĸ˵Щҳ
ȷʵǼҳϳСĻʺЦżڵҵСʺˣǰհûɣֿġ
һѱסı
ѹ£սǶԷüġ
̫飬˻Դüͷ˵أ
һձһղ
Ҳ֪ǴĶѧģȻȺĶ˵Ļå
ȿȣ˼ǻá
ԣϳЦЦҲԴ˲Сʺգ˵ѽ̫ࡣ޶˵ˣ̫ģ㾲žͺãĸǱȻᰲơ
˽Լĸס
ȻȷʵЩҲ޷ʱҪá
ÿζ˵Ļҿɲ
֣ѵҲã֣˵మ˵飬ңҲ㡣
ָָԼָ
Է棬˵Ȼ˹ͬ룬̫Ҳֻһȥ㲻ƽҲƽ
Щϳ˵ǻʺ˼
һŬŬ̫ͬ⣬ԴΪĿ꣬ú÷ܶôһգðж̫󣡡˵ճȭͷ֣ǰ
õԷˡ
·鲼ҲҪԷᶨȥ
ϳ˼˵ȥĸУŬŬܲжĸ󡣡
ԣɴ۾Ͷ˶ɶ
Ȼ֪˵Ц
ҲӲͷƤ˵ȥȥ

̫治ͨ˰
Ӧլǿǧ۵òУϹھֻܸһȫˡ
Ǿ䶼ĻټԼıĻشǽų̶ȣǲͻԨ㣡
úúã޶㣬ʲôʱҪ㣬ضѰ㡣ϳЦ׹Сʺ󣬽ڻУѹ˯ϡ
˵ҹ޲ˣɺã


132 
, ͵գ˺üԼǵɵԲ۾ȥΣ֧֧˵˵أ磡, 㲻ǴӦ, Ҫʮ𣿡
Ǹԭˣ
Ͷ̥ҲҪϱʮų곤Ĺ涨
ԸѾ, 廹ûУΪңԶĽ, ҲΪǻʮ룬ַ, ҪЩС
޵Сʺ㿴޵ģ
ϳЦЦſǷ۵ҧһڣͷżڣҲ֪СԴնЩʲô, Ȼǽŵԣ񲻹ͬ¶˯ա
¡
ǼЦ, ʹ˶ཫԴյù̡
Ѳɻ߼߼ǡ˲ɣ
, һǵյЩȡЦϷ
뵽⡣
ƫͷ, ˵ģ
úúã޲, ޹ġ
ϳ˳⻰ӦţǺЦ, ȴƫúܡ
Сʺ˿, ԼԷƫԴ¶ĺͮͮ, ͬʱ޶Ѿ¸ҳϴ, ֪ɲأѹʱˡ
ҲƳĴ֪ʱȴҹٲ˯ôȥָ͵糯ʱ䡣
뵽⡣
Юűӣ͵תҲֻǿ˵ֲûλø˯ɡ书ǿ˳ǵðѵҲˡ
״ϳֽ̧Ϩ
˲Ĺ
޹ҹֱֲָ֣߹ʵ²Ž΢»ľ˹֮С
ʱҲֽ̧صĴ¡
ʺ󲻷Щ𣿿Ǿ䣬ǷҪޡ
ڰеһһǴȦ׵ĻܲͷĽӷֳ룬ظڶԷϣٽĳƽʱŵͷĳੲݵ졣
ͬʱڶ˵ˣҪ˯ˣ˵ͻʧȥͬ˯Ļᣡ
вã֮ڵȷʵԸ
ĳ˫ʵֻԸССϸ
£Ͱư͵ĻŴյˣŸձûã֮С
ٴۡ
ûϤԴڴΣ͵õıѡ
˯벻
ﲻͣҪ𴲣Ƥȴһһµʣֱϡ
͵
ջǵв˯⡣
ظ·ȥǰã׼ֵŮٲѡ
Ѿܾúܾûаҹˣҵ˵ǿ꣬ÿ˯𴲣ҵڰȴ顣
ڣ˯㾫񲻼á
ǿӦǵ밲Ͱʾɢ˳ôһ϶ٹ
Щ
緹ûԣֻ򵥺࣬ӣɵϣ۾԰˯ȥ
Ҫ̫١
һҪ˯ģˣ綼нʱøæӴ
˯Ůٻ·Ϻױݡ
ֱϷٱȵͷֱţڳѹ
Ҳ÷С˯˻Щַ˷ۣٲ̫ǰֲ
ܿ졣
͵̫޹ʼһ֡øĴǹս
䶼⡣
ʱЩʲôëǾëָ̫ĳϸھ黭裬ڻһתϡ

ô죡Ҳô㣬úͿ͵ˡ
̫˵˵
̫ʲôҰè˯ʧ˷ִ磬ſھūʳ̫öֵǽҲ֪Ǻá
ҪǽǾͲòնʱ˶Ӳ٣ǰǰ󶦵顣
һһ˵ȥ
ò˵̫治һ칬ھôô˵ƽͣһܵķϰ䡣
ȻЩŵַס
Ҳ֪̫мƽϣ̫󣬾ĥһյĹ
ۿɫ
̫󻹲ˣ̴ӿʼţлأ˿ڹԵò
ƷƷ衣
ǰԲ졣

÷ˣ춼Ϸָ԰ãźں˵£ǹܷϵģ˵ʱĿƣ֪ĻΪʲô¹᲻ðŮȥأ
Ҳò˵
̫˵Է׳סǲԸͦġ
÷·û˸ͷƵġ
ڡ
̫˼Ҹ̧֣ʺȥЪϢ
뿪ǰ
ȴ赭д˾䣺ҽǡ٣ʺְйЩٰ졣

ô죬ֻЦȻӦ£̫Դ궼̫ࡣ
ӲͷƤʾƯƯģ
滰˵һһѡ
Ϊյ㣬̫Ȼٶ䡮ջʺĪ⡯
þδվԺĿ̫ԶʮȽա
¹ϣˮ
ģ̫ˡ
ͷɥص޹
˸裬¶ʱ׵Ժ󣬺ŸʱֵҲȴ
ˡ
Ҫ˯ӦűĲõĵѡ
ȻŸ߽
ͼڴߣʱԴߵҽ顣
ˡ
Ҳܲܰ˸߰ɣ
Ȼʵͬ˵Űᶼûе۽ǡ
ͬ˵㣬Թ̫̫̫á
óԺúȵдţʱʱָĹ£ǰѰٵν
ݰ̫ء
ڹ걳ɽĿǡ


133 
ȷʵô, ĸûᣬҲԸ֮㡣ϳָΪСʺɵ㷢ƿſڡ
ڷ, ԷȻֹȫްıݡ
ֱСʺԲĴ۾ŭ, żЦſڽ͵ȷʵһЩ
⻰, ۾ɵøԲˡ
Ҳ˲ٱЩʲôֱֱŵ, ѯʵ
Сʺ˾ȣϳḧϸڷ, Եɡ
ʵҲ޷Ǿ⼸߾Ự̸ڼ䣬ץסȨ
ڶ߾С
ر⼸ĳЩߣЩС治ѡ
Ȼ, ҪǣۿŴѱǿ, Ҳסˣ׷˻, ̽һ̽µ۾Ǻ뷨
ƾ˼ά뵽ҲôЩ, ģҲʺܽӴĶ
涮, ҪʱҲװɵ
µ⣬ҲܵСЩ, Ͼʱǹ⿿ĪеԶܽ˸
ԽߴԽɼ, ʱ򼴱ǵ, µĳնŶԷߡ
һ, ȷʵõ͵Щ
ͱЩôӣõʱû취ճ
ɫĽ˽¶Ҫæµڸֹʵޱýչά̫ĻԵһжƯƯı֤
ٴӵСһϯԼԸ˽˲Ŀ
󣬱Ľ˸ˡ
鰮ʲôģڼҹǰС£ҲҪΪС¶յķܶ
Ҫ֪ҹ˯̫գо嶼ҪͿա
ȫƾһţȻɴϻܹ
ΪгľȥӦԽֲӦ̫׼Ӵ͵ġսǱҪ˯ˡ
һҹΡ
ա
ѣȻΧΧþòԸɢȥǰҹƣ졣
׼˯ǰŮ٣ʱһֱɲ޻ڡ
ĵŮȻǰշԸȥ
·ױݣԺҲǳѹ㱼䣬Ϊص͵͵ҹϿС˵ڶһ˯ֻʣӷɱҡ
Ҳֻһ˲䡣
ĴȦɫ㻪µĹĬĬ̾˾䣬̥ͶãŮȥ
Ͷ̥ٺãҲҪ
Ȼ߿ģ⣬ѹҲ˿ȸ߿ʲôطȥ
ͬϢ㿪ʼ繬дŻٰӣ˭˽ӡȵȡ
⼸ССĹ綼˲١
ڹ緽棬ǷֹѾǳȷֽҲֹһ飬㰴ǰ㰲ʱ¡
Ҳ̫֮¡
̫˼ԵģҲҵֻЩҪ鷢ŸɣҪȥѯʹֲٰ̫졣
һһ˵Ҳ㼱Ͼ֮ࡣ
Ҫ˵Ҳƫֻ¡
Ҫ֪Ŵúܣ鶼ܳﱸü꣬ʲôǰ꿪ʼٰҲ飬ο̫йأһ¶Ϊ
룬ȷʵִЩ
˵е飬ź󣬸֮ڶ࣬⣬밲ȡ
ǶԴȻû
ܿɢ˳ɶûߣѯЩᰲϵ顣
䡮鷳Ǻúͬ񲿹ͨ
ٵ̫ڵű
Ҳ
ţ򵥳Ըţͣĸȥ̫󴦡
յ̫񶨣˵˵ݣ黭߽𾭡
Ҫ̫̫ࡣ
Ҳǲ̩ȻĸŴ̫Ҫ֣ԵĲᣬҪ磬еͷۡ
ǣν
ۿ̫Ѿϻ
ɻתᵽ֪Եÿɺ˯ÿɺãµǷ 麦

ֳūնߣǹ¼š
ֱ̫˵ֽİС滵ˣź֪ƷЩʲô
գƺһһ䡣
õĲū
ѣˬ
ѵǱӦ
֪̫̫ѲҲСѧһ峤ǿĵֶΣȴû뵽ŵѶȷ·ϷĳֱߵþҪɳˣ
˵ԸŻһ칬ھ
ʺһɥģǰһ̫Щ
̫УȴתǴ飬Ҳش𣬼˵ʹˣҲԸ˼ͬǺ˵Ļ㲻ԾЩƣһһ꣬Ҳ֪жٿ䡭
ĸǧô˵õúܣܰǡ㹻ɻֻ̫˸
ȻôͻȻ
裬Ҫ⻨аٳġ顯ţᵶʹ


134 
ѽ𡣡
̫Цеķ, Ҳ֪뵽ЩʲôٶǼӿ첻١
Ρ
ż˵ҵǣ˭أϹͷ̤ײ׷Ѱȵ۶ȥ, ɵ׻ǷĲ¼ӡ
̾Ϣ, æοš
Ҳ֪̫߻Եʲô֮þɽϵѩ, ԽԽ
һһ䡣
Ȼ˵ģ
Ǽ˴̲סǰλԴžʵС̫̫
ֱԷŸȦӿʼָָ˵סİ顭
Ȼѣ
̫Ȧף治ǴӺȷѪг, ֶζӣ
뵽⡣
æ´ʮֵľӦⳡضԶúܵĳ־ս
Ҳֱѯٳ顣
Ǹ̫̫
˵, Ǳתϼһָһɶſţ
ʵڲУĵߡ
Ȼ, Ҳûһᴩϼϲ÷̽ѯûҲҲܲԻ߾ȹ
һȥġ
Ҳȫ, ˵˵㣬ҽ, ܽǹ緽ıīҳֽ
Ҫǣ
ʱȫ̫ռݣȫĸ߶ȽӦ̫, ص޹ѹûоȥͬ֡
Щ̸˵ػĴǣǣ顭ͨͨûУ
ȫֻ׷£
ÿֻܸ϶ݵһ棬˵С, ű㵽˯ʱ䣬ӵ, ҲĨеĴæ
ʱˮ, ܻС
ҲֲסϢͬǳҪ, ǲúϢĻ, ڶ̫Ҫ˵Щ确ʺǲЦЦҪķ͵ĻӰϼ䡮Ӳ
Ǳżҳ͵͵δ£
һֱ˰֮ã
ҹ
ϳ޹˹
Сʺնƣ㲣ᷢûþæ̧ǰԷӵ뻳ͬʱüͷ˵ùţҹŹҪȥͬĸ̸
̸ʲô̸Ͻأ
һ⻰۾ɴˣƿЩͬʱæֹⲻ׵Ϊ
ƾյŬҪֶ̫ȫ͸ҺϸӦԷ²ܶԴż׳Сʱɰ¡
ϱ֮ƺòƽȺͻʱͻȻ֣
뺦ػأ
Ҫ֪ϱСϱۣⱲ־ﾩŴԺİԣϱĲгϵƲϾͨҲޱȵģ
Ҫ̫ܰû¶棬˲ҲͲ
ǣѹûⱾ£
˵иТѹͷϣ̫֮䱾񣬸˺ĸֵ顣
ҲΪ˾ȫ޺֮ǡ
ЩҲˣ̫ǿ͸ĺƤָãֻѰĻݴʱ䡣
Ѱ˼̫Щ¼ˡ
Ͼ̴߳ҲûбСţæòУǼҲ˵˶õĻղǶŷ񣬾ǿŷ𾭣˳Ǹ˶į
ǣǰصشӹϷӽ˼Ϸ˼ңص̫Ϸ̨ǰûעʱأ
ϷӻרڹӪΪ󸾹Ůģ룬ʵҲһֵ̳ġ
ͷЩߡ޼ҹС㡯
Ǿ䵽پǧžأ
ȻҲ˽ĵģЩ˲ɢȻ˫˫ѳϷݣ˵ʲôʱ̫ͿˣһʲôСǰզզ
ʺС
ٶҪ
뵽⣬ʼϱ۸ӵĹϵҲָ⣬֮Ҿͺá
˳ΪСƲ߶ÿֵĽֽ
ǣŶ㶼ˡϳüͷʵڷĲĸ󲻻ȥڶԷٿСʺ㲡
Ȼ⻰ȴĬˡ
ã΢΢ͷ峺˫ֱŵڵã
ϳСʺΪѯʣҲ̹׻شȻ
ա
̧֣۵ԷԲ԰׵ա
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴСʺ͵ƿ˸ջϵ£¶Ƥ۵СƤ
۾檶һȦȦ⣬˵һ鳼ˣ
ڴĶŵƺֻҪԷͷͲۡ
ҵͷϸǶѵŵİ׻⣡󣬾ôȻվţѾѵһᶶ
Щӣôæµôƣ̫
ΪʲôΪʲô֣
ϳ״˰Сʺ󸹲⣬΢΢̧˫Ҳ֪ڴЩʲô
ϸһԲ԰ףȷʵԲֵ
ĬƬ̡
˵УŶˡ

⻰ȻһЦԭֻУж𣿡
Ȼ
Ȼˣֵúף
ϳæһ죬ӵ뻳УСʺ󿴵΢΢ĴǣͬʱڰŶ޵УҲ޵С
˵ţ鲻Խɿǿ⡣
һһµԼСӰ棬æְ̧ѶԷĿִֹļʵ˵У檵˻ˣҪʣ
ͼѵƿֱŶԷ
Դϱһֻֽţãֻڵļ羱
ҲãҲգкιϵأϳͼݵСʺСʺֵȷʵɰϲˡ
ϵˣ
ϳСʺ⼤ҵĴǣҲȶԷ˵ȥڵɾŶǰͬ˵࣬ҲҲֻҪڹ۲ڷ̬ܾ֡ٲҡԲԶɽܽǹɫ㡭
ЩСʺ󾭳ƱΪκɫĻ
ˣϡ
һԼ°ͣϣȻ㣬΢΢̾˿ԶɽܽعɫҲҪиȵİ飬ֻҪиʼǾûлͷ·
˭ҳòȴһٰʮĴܹɫ㣿
ٴ̾˿˫°ѹڵϣʮȽŴԲ
ԲԼҲԲ
Ϊʲô

һʼ̫իģɶأ
ȻիȷʵóԵýСĳԶЩ̫ÿζûԱصΪ׼СģµֻһҧûĻ硣
ɣҲһڵķ
ȷԼÿֻһڣѹûжԣΪʲôأ
ҹ
Ϊض
ͬ¹£ȴŮڻ԰ﲻͣܶš
ܿ죬ǽɢȥ
ֻʣһ԰Ծϳܶ³˼
˼ţʺ󵽵˶ٳҲ˼´ǲǸȥ̫󴦽ʺȽʱ
¹ǿǣҪŵǡ
̫ҲܻֽŽǣССУ͸ˡ


135 
ӵŵĵۺ˿ɲ֪µ, öԷǵӴͼ̫⡣
ϸ˵˺Щ
˵˵ţ齱ƶͲô, ɴǻδµĺشᣡ
ʱ
ΪսֶпõʶС, ƿЩһ
ò׸̫ϵͻ㡣
ɲϣϹȥ, ֱָϼ䡮ԡ򡮲֪ơ
ˣ⹬˶ô, رǵֱ޴ڣ̫Ҳٮٮ, һ칬϶٣ȻҲԸġ˽顣
˵Ҳǹ֡
ǵʮױ̧ýȢӣȴƫø͵ƵģֻϱӵС˵΢ħҸӵľ顣
Ŀĺ˼, ߻ڣ£ҹ, ЩȥɣʱЪϢҲҪ˯ˣ
, ϳѰµҹɫЦ˵ҹȷʵѾ, ޾ò硭
á
ֱ˵Ļͷ, ֱ̧֣΢΢ſŵı
ͬʱ˵Щȥ, Щ, 㾫, ǿ彡
֮
ʲôطľ͸Ͻʲôطȥշ, ֻûͬŸ˯Ҳһʱ
Ҫǣ
ĺҪϢôߣģרע벻˯ߣ
ϳСʺڴϵСƿЦ޻Ҫͬʺ顣
Ǿ͸Ͻ˵ˣȵȵȡ
£תͲવĲСܵױ̨ǰ糤ľС©
װŴƿĻ̨һš
Ц˵˵ɣһǧ𣬿ǧʱ⣡
״ϳҡҡͷ
֪Сʺ治Ըסһ˵˽񲿵衣
ԭԼʼ½½ӴʹߣЩСŮΪǲĹԱڽӴʱϰײ죬Ħ
ִ꣬ȻĹִ߰顣
ŵĺЩеﶼϲ
ʹ߱ǿͣϰ죬Ҳƴǡ
ϳʵڲЩǣϵ̵ĳúãܲѻ¡
Ʋ̫ķգֱЦ˵⻹ð죿ǲŮȥӭЩŮΪͲͺˣȻŮٵҲܵͣõϾڸسĹŮǰȥʱٸŮǹʹ
˵⣬Ծʧԡ
ֳʲôĿǻʺְҵĵһɻ䣡
Ըⲻ֣¿С⣬ҪǱд֪λܱòȣ
飬ȻҪԼ
ŨܿĽ̸
պϳʹˣ᲻ۻ軨Щʲô۶ӡ
ûҪԼһģֳ̫ʣ
ʲôܸҲڽ顣
뵽⣬æ˵ֻǳ檵뷨ھΣҪԼǡѽ檽ĸ˵Щˣɳ©ҲҪף¾ͿЩȥЪϢɣ
ϳСʺװģתƻ̧̬˰Բٵա
Ӧúúãȥ
СʺǲԸᳯ˼ϡ
ȻˣȻǲǿ
ͱ£ΡλԴֻյָ£ɿԵ˸ôŵҲȻشתϴ齡
һѺصĴ᣸
Լ黹ҪԼˣⶼ
ʲôģͲҪͷΪϱϵ縺ŹĿССԼﱸ̫ٳĿ档
һҹΡ
ڳ밲򵥷˹Ĳãֳʱ仹磬ں˶յ˲ᡣ
ı̫ѹեûаʱˣȻҲʱ˶˲ᡣ
ǶΪʲôֶΡ
ϾǹӪǹСС֧̫Զֽŵĵط
˵ڶ˲ᣬǲòСĽû£Ҳֱ̿˾Ųš
⹬﹬Ĳ²Ȩǲƣ˶š
Сʹ괬ҪҪͷץԵĲᣬֻͣȥͷ飬ʧѾ޴ˣ
ҲֵǶˣ˶󣬴һ˱̬ȣ˿ܵŮٲ١
ֻ˲ϵʱ䡣
˲룬˳ѹӪµӯ塣
ǽ½Եʣ˱ͺ˲ֹһôࡣ
µķֺ죬뿪ʱÿ϶⡣
ǰ̫ѵͷպ߳ϱӲ֪ʲô̫ĸ
ɲǻô
Ǯ;νƬƬأ
Ŀά˺üգǿֳ־ãǹÿ˲ԽԽ벻ֶѡ
ǻ¶Ѿ䡣
ϱȽҪʵЦݡ
̫̲סѯ𵽵ʲôϲ¡
ҲûŲš
Ӫǲ̫ɲ᲻֪Ͼ̫Ҳһֺģֻ̫ܾˣұʾԸþСò֮֮ȷֹλɡ
̫𣬻شҲ̹̹
ЩԽԽǮ;Ŀһһķ
˵󣬻űʾԸķֺͷΪֵ̫ʢ磡
Ǯ۽磬ʲôϷɵĵˮεܵϡ϶У֪ʲô緶ȻҪǶ̫⣡
̫ʮ㻹Խ˵Խű߼ʵĻʱʱԹĬˣʾָϽʺ󵹱Ȳ裬ĳ˵֪ģ׻ҪΪ
ĸǲϸϸ
ֱӽס̫ĻͷԷ豭Ƶݵǰӣһڹ๾ȫ£ż˵
ʲôҪ㡣
ʲô涨Ҫֺ󷽺˷
˵÷׵ȲȻߣһҪУȻķԴ֣
뵽ʲô˵ʲôҲǼˣʱļϱӵĴҲڵ￴Խ˵ԽǴ̫һδٳĻͷֹֹס
ʲôʲô˻ῪĻʽĻʽȫϡ
ֱ̫΢΢ʼתз飬˼ԼǲǱƵ̫ˣ


136 
һʥּ̫˼
ʥּļ
ȥй, ȴѰʺڲ̫ޣּ̫Ҳҵ
֪ʺ̫޹, Ҵææ˹
ôһ
״, ̫˵𾢵΢㣬Ե̧̫ʾȥּ, ſ첽
ܿ, ̫ǿ¶аʱôʥּŽ˹
ԭ, ʥָּҪûʺȥѡйŮΪ˾ʹԽӴŮͣһдҪѡγʹԽ̵͢ǣҪ֪ϰס

ʵ˵, ѹͲɡ
ڵвٵЭԼĳЩѧʶԨָϼеϹԱôѵ, Ӧеͨġ
ϾбµĹŮҲûù͢, ѧѧϰףʱ, Թǿԡ
ܿʶǵصؽ̫ҵı뵽, æ첽ص̫ԣֿ˵ĸ, Ҫ鼸ղܹ, ҵȸ, պ, ͬδǡ
ʺⰧ֪ˣǻʵҪ֮ʱ㾫ϸЩ£ż粼õȷһš
̫ЦݴͰ
صΪ˱ˮڵʵæҼǵùɸг罫ַ֣ҲûʺڳЩʱ䡣
ҪĻýҲæģص˵ͷ۾Ķ̫󣬼˵ĸٳεҪζΪ˲ڴҪ϶Ϊˣͷİɣ
ɲ硣
Ĺؼ֮磡
ȥҲİ⹬ȷʵ٣˭˵׼ⳡϯ
Ͳһ
Ȼûʲô£ȴӵгǰ۽磬ΪĶǰһ̾ѡ
̫עĻʺã˵Щʲôȴ޴ӿڣãŵˣʺȥæɡ
ܶԷ룬д㡣
ˡ
áˣĸæ꣬ȺȲ˵˵ٳϵֲá
ĸ롣
Ҳ̧̫İ֣֮ȷʵһͷ
ʥּʵ̫ʱòܴƽ໥˺ûܻͱӼ죬ͽ
ǲþġ
ܿ죬ͻص޹Ž˵ĻҲϢãæŮٵİּùͱȽϴЩ̫ȥʹĹ
ּú
δͷֱӱʾҪѡŮǵԸʺЩù壬ƷϹԱδʮ֮ϵŮ쵽аƻᣬԴƵֵƻᡣֵղײգҹɫͺ
ʺھ˲⣬ɲǹ¼ž壬ϵƽգȫ֪
ôһ
һﶼΪǻʺ¡
ŴԺﵹвĥŻʺǸʲô뷨Ҳ෽Ϣּ̫֮޹һʱ侹ȻҲ޼֪ʵ顣
»
Ҫľ֪ҪЩʲô
Ͼʱ̫࣬ǴȥҪڹŮѡ˾ʹֻ֪ӴŮʹߣǶڤ粻Ҫ
ŮƽȵζԣǵĶȥ˵뷨С
й̴ӼӼꡮŻơĵص㡣
ְǰĹ˸԰ùŮƶƶͳ
ʱ֡
ЩϤϤĹŮǾͱ˵ƻͨĴ԰
Ҳûɶʾ׵еϹӨ͸ˮ΢΢Ц˵˼䡮ú桯ĳ滰
Ҳ
ֱ¸߹ңⳡҲòࡣ
õ˷ŻƵʱŸһ뵽ϱϣյյƯĻ롭
ûðץȴĪֵө档
ⳡЩ顣
Ϊæֱĳʱ϶޹ŵĵֱܿ׳
ɲΪ˻ʵ۵ǵʥּȻöôֻҪôææȥ
̫һһڻеóеúȸСأ
˼ˣߣܿͽȥԺ
ŹŮǶŻө档
ܰŻʼ˵
ǿөҫ۶ĿΪһƹжãֽʱųΪ󻭼ķԳԺȺ˳㽫ɽˮ뻭롣
˵ꡣ
ĬƬ̣˾䡮Ľأ룿
˽Բ˵ʱ
̾˿һתʼʽ˵ʲôλĽʲôϲ÷Сûڡ
żԼ㹻ԣ˵붼
ԡϧǶˡΪβ
¿͹ŮҲﲻס
ϵͲ񻹱ΪʺĶԷţʱ˵Ļμסͷܲ¶
Լֻ֮һ̲סۿ
ΪԷڹ̫¿࣬һһʼοߴʤ
ͬʱ
ǻƵĺ棬޹ⱻҹֵ֮ͤϣվŵѲӻʹ·ĵ
˵һĻǷʶϳڣеĲҪɻȼƬڰ

ûü뿪ĵĬˣֻǲ쳣æ̽
û뵽ϵ
ߣȴѯʣ뿪ͣ½Ų
˰Σʵʵ˵̫ʶ
ŶϳֱӽƵ˵ϣڵӺ˵𣿡
ô˷Żƣͷһءٳٶۣ֪ЩʲôЩӻʺ̫Ѳۺս˯ǰļӿɻ档
ֺͻᱻʺϳ޹

ȿȣ֪ڰ֮вܡ
Ҳǹʺ󣬱Ͼ˷ŻһȺ˷ŻȷʵǲͬģϻԵʲô棬ǲһġ
ԣûмڣǽ߼Żظװģװ˵Сʺϡ
һʱ²͸˼ҲҲ¡
ȻԷԲֻܸһͬĬĬվⲢӵСͤӶ
΢ҹϮҲ԰ʺǾ䡮ĽѾ־Ů֮ƿ־Ļﲻͣ
ʲôĴ
Եϲͣӿѹȡ
ҹǿ彡ѪʢͻȻЩˡ


137 
, ʺ˵Ľ㡣
ϳĿѯš
Ȼ᲻֪԰ϲСƭڴЩʲô⣬Ľ, ʵϲ
֮ͥ, ǰĽ
Ͳأ
ϳҲ뱻ļŵ˿޸ͣԭ, ĪҪ˵Сʺἰһ, ԵЩ˶Ըȥ
ұΪʲô֪
նСʺǰʵ۵ĸֲǣ 鶼Ǽٵơ
ٿӾ, ҲܻЩ
СʺÿÿͣҲܽӻӻʺָãȥƽϡ
⻰ʵû취ٴȥ, ȭ˰벽֣ؿ˵ֵ, ̫ͣδⲻְиˡ
¡
ż΢, Ҳ˲ʧʧ־ת뿪
ʱ߸ʱ
, Ҫܸû취شġѯʡֻúѲ, ɲԸۺ֮ĪĸУ
ϳܰ뿪Ҳ, ԽѽԸôһյ֮õСʺ
־ͬθ֮, ˵, лð, ǰᰴ۽ǡ
컬࣡
ǸƻСƭӣ
˵𾢵ֻҹϮЩ䡣
̧ʾԸŵ̴ӵݱ˵ò࣬¾˶˼Ļ
źڲ
ţﻹδҹеء
Ѹ߹ң̵Ҳ̵ò࣬Ҳûȥˣ㿪ʼ˵ʹ顣
ǳأ˳졮ЩСŮΪ𡯡
ȻȻҲ˵ССգ˵˵ţƻصϸпü
һתתڹŮǰĿġ
˽ʥּһ顣
ʥּ˷ζĻƺŻҪ޹̫
ǣʥּС̫໰¡
־Ŀʼơȿȣ
ʵ룬ûĳԳ롣
Ҳûʲô׵ĻֻùŮԼһ£ǷôǧǶ˼̤ĵ·
ɲǻʹŮ٣ǳõĹ٣
ֻǸʹҲĥ⽻ٵıʡ
仰˵ʷ顣
Ժɲĳĳϣգ˵ᱻ˿
˵ʵǻʺضҪһġ
ȻЩҲֻǺõķ档
вࡣ
ϵ֮ˣ˵ٶ࣬Ҳù
ˣҲҪȫȻԾ
ֻ˰ӵʱŮǿǣѡӣͷƵİá
˶
룬㵭˵ѧЩҲ·˾ʹ䲻СһֻʱҲǸְֻҪʹܻҪʱ򡭡
˵꣬Ҳ㡣
֮֮˪˭Ҳ˵׼粻ЩǼᶨ⶯ߣҲֻǻẦˡ
ǵнҲǱڸʱ
˵ִΪŮӣ޼⣬С䳤̫󶼶෬ӣ
ʱ£·ͺ߰
λƺŲ裬߸⼸ѵüһεС˵ŻЦŵյյ¸Ļơ
Ҳ֪ĬԵʲô
Сǵͬ˵𷽲ŵǵʥֻּЦЩİȤ¡µĹŮҲȺ԰ֻǰĻɲͬһְա
ӵʱܿ͹ȥ
ϣǼõСȫʾԼ뵱˾ʹرǹطΪʾԼ书ǿǰĸСķԡ

Ҳ֪ô˴۽绹Եʲô
֮ЩŮǰԼĴ𰸡
Щﲻȷʵи澪žߣڻС˼ˣЩѹ޳·С㣬мҶʾڵͷɵ
ҲܾЦ˵ѡ񣬾ûлͷ·ԣҪ;ϣǱ۾֮λ濼Ǻˣ
⻰һ
Ȼм˳ɣɶڽǵĹŮǰ˿ڣҲŲӣǿûȥ
״˵ͷºʵʹͣҼ¼ᣬ㻽̴ӽŮȫͳ
κơȿȣɹ
ϸϸʮˣ˲дЩŮʹĳЩСͬеŮҲ˳㿴˵ϡ
ŮٴСϢͷҲ˵ʥּҪѡӴʹŮߡ
ŹŮȥӦҲ塣
ᵽ֣ҲûŻعŮѰīͥԺﻹ𣬰ЩŮֳʮ飬ٷСʹϡ
°ͳ˼ΣŻ
־˻գٽЩ黭ͨĳררһ飬ѧҲûʲôõϡ
źһС
Ҳ˸Ƿ̧ͷȥͣ޹ĵæ𽻵Ů١
Ҵææߴܵĸ޹
ͬʱ
԰ڰֵͤϣĳΧӰΪһϳڶˡ
һкۼĨ
ȴʱڻʹѲߵĵ⣬֪ҹ١
ȻҲ֪ص޹ʱһ˶ԺŷĲ裬۵òˡ
æ˶˺ˮԸչʾ˷Լǲ̫Ĳգ˺üұʾҹҲ⡣
࣬ٶһӱ

ϳô죬ҲôߣµŵԶôãܲۿžҪʵֱǰơ
ЩծǸֻ
ѹԡСʺ󣬽ǲ֪˵˶Ĵȥ۸
ֱԷɿ
һҹΡ
õֿʼæµֻ֮ǰͬʥּҪȥ̫޹
ĿǸú󣬱̴ӽϵĹŮȫ
˲̧̧
⾩ҲûĻͷ˽ҲҲؾصİѽŮ͵ʹſڡ
ͱ÷ʢʳŹŮ˶緹˵ЩɵС˳㿪ɫҪȫƯǡ
޷ǾǶѧʹ߽ÿж
ٱʾְλٺ»ļУʹʱٺ»񲿴ƷԱͬʹֻоƷԱٺ»
Ҫ˵ϴȷʵһ
˵Ҳʱ¼ԪܹϢըˣ۽ȻʱŮԲֶͬǴˣ˵ϼ˭˵ŮӲеԣҲˡ
ڲġ
ָŴһﶼͷҲɵ㶵ͷԷŵСãóԳԸ˯˯ѧϰʱѧкҲǡ
һٷ
ԽŮ͵صؿճĹʱͷеѡʮɣλֲߣȷʵߡ
˶󣬵Щ񲿽ѧĹԱҲˡ
Ǵ඼ǰ׷ߣŮմ״ʣлϸס

˵ʵ治֪ԸҲС
Ŀԣۿ׵صؽֱͦ˲٣Ǿģ緢ˣͲûŸķð۴ƮƮ
ʱȣҽܶãԻ˵طʼַѧϰ
ҪĵȻǸԡ
ֺСɹŮ㿪ʼ񲿵ϹԱǿʼѧ򵥵ʺȻ׼еģѧĻҪѧһЩ
Щָ黭صķӱʱ
Ҳɫġ
ʺֱֱɣ㶼ɢѰ˸ط£ģϹԱǽ̵ЩСԡ
ôˣͦñӻҪֱĸС䣬Ƶѯš
ɼǵԼϸƽǼӰࡣ
ȫҵֵģֻÿϳųؼһص磬ܲͲ


138 
⻹ûʲô
Ӱ, Ϊˣ˭ܲأܰʱ°Ǽ£Ѵֲǹʵ飬˭˭ȥɣ
, ƫûжԱȾû˺
ȫְλ, ϵ߰ʮ游µʮͷ뺲ֵļλ硣
ʥĵһÿɶıȼ, ˯ñȼ
ʱ򼸺ڼﶼҲˣڸλϷܶ, ھǽʹ·ϣȻΪѾ˼, ξſڶȿˮʱ͵Ŀģ
ֻϸ⡭
С󣬼ԼҸڲֵʱٻиĸʫԵĳ
żҲڵֵʱ, õԷӽͷصһֽ𻨸⣬Ի, ·ؼҳͷĹͰòߡ
ֹҵĽڲ
ǵȵۺû, Ҳϸ⻭ʴʱ˽ȥѰ, ضͷлһ, ÿÿùæڡ
ƾƣƲ, С̫
ǲ֪ϸô˵æĸ, ֻ֪ľ, ǱԷȥ͸
ò
Ҳϸ׹ְ, ֻЩҲܵȵ۵ģҼȨƼʢɡôССλ
ˣҲ˲ٱ
ڱٵʮʦﲩͷˡ
˵ǫ飬Ĩɰذֱͦ壬޲¶ĵ⡣
ɵ㲻߶Źæ˽𣿡գˮĴ۾޹Ĵϸ׵Ľ⡣
⽫ŸߣΪ·Ϊӵķ֮£ٷæҲдʱ򡣡
˵꣬ԼʹŮ
⹬ɱȲù⣬ѾλϣҲЩððʧʧ
״ȻЦſڿԼϸףΪǻٵ֣ʲôȻϼ񹤣
һʼŻЦúϲ£죬ܿ;òԾæͣͬʱ˵óţҲգĪҪٿˣĻ˵Ǹõ͵Щ͵Щ
⻰ЦССȤһҲ֪ⲻǸ˵ĺõطļѯһ¼˵Σͬ׻ص˹
ʱ򵥵ԽѧѾʱ
Ҳɢѧ
ŸѾصԼλϿʼָ㻭Ѱ˸طºȲ衣
Ÿպûڡ
ͱеϸ׸ȥһѧΪµˮīʡ
׵»ֻԲĹĵǻǿó״ĸӡ
ƳŮȷʵԲצӶŤŤļӣٿŮ̬
Ĭˡ
ĻҲûôɣǵԴԲԲ̶̵֫С˻˳أ
ŮĿá
û̧ͷĬĬѻ򶨵ĽԼСӵݸԸŵŮ١
ܿ죬ϸҲǿˣǿȣϵطĹŮڳʱ䡣
ֻûصһԣյĺ衣
Ĳ֮ͥҲʵǲ̫ãĴתתƣѧСʫʻ֡
ѧѧŷˣֳ⣬æȥµ
һ
ɣʵҲű֪ʶСʷٵӵ˼ʹϵԼرҪעļɻ䡣
붼ͷۡ
ʱɿţĶѵգۼ͹ȥ
ڸǿȵѧϰɹŮ̿Ŭ£ЧǷǳģ鱳ʲôĻû⡣
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գȺʹ㴩Ϲصظƹٷϸˡ
ʱҲѾ˳밲
Źν⽻ɹŮܵĻЩʲô˻صظ˺Щȥŵ㡣
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Ϸֵĸ̫޹ˣĶʵۣ۵ǰѲԸ֪ʶԺ
˵ʵ
ڶǲЩСֱ˭˭˭ˣԴеļȫĻһš
ȥ̫Ƕɷɰɡ
ǰЩӵ໥ĥ𽥷ŷңѾൽ޾ľ硣
вз˼Ŀĵĳ쳶أĥǰ
ĸ۾ƣǰ˽Ҫ̫Щʲô
͵һ䣡
ĸˣ֪Ҳţⲻ·Ըմ꣬⣬ʱ䲻಻أ
δ
ڳ𾭵̫΢΢̧𣬲СĶ£ֽµĥۡ

úõһ𾭣ôˡ
ƽ
ĸԭдѽǲǳˣ̽СԴЦͬԶֱ̫š
Է
رǷİ
̫ʾֽд˵ķ𾭴ãŻʺǹ龫תͣҲ֪Щʲô˫ĬĬ̾˿
ʲôŮû
ƫŪʵ۷ϵˡ
Ҳ֪ʵ۾϶ԷЩʲôĪΪֵñĲã

̫ȥ̽ԼƷζĬĬ̾˿̧֣Уͬʱ˵㰧ҳ𾭰ա
ܾġ
ʺʵʵܽأǶ೭˵Щźá
ãС鲽̫ܵԣԷֺÿ֣æЦſȻЩʲôС˵ĸдÿɲ̫ã벻ۣҪ˰ɣ
⻰̧̫ͷЦ˵ةһֺ£ߺ࣬ʺةֽ̳ģвĪǫ飿
ȵۿ֪ةһջؼҶҪ̵д֡
Ҳ
ⰮǰĻʺ
ĸǲ֪˸˵츳ǲһġ ̾˿ִ̫⣬Ц˵Ȼ£ȻҪһģֻǵʱɲ˵̫
ܿ졣
־Ͱ˸ӣ̫ԣ鰸㹻󣬶˲볭Ҳӵ
ҲǸϺѧշ𷨵ˣĿǵɽֵã켸ؾﵱ֪ĴʦҲ米˲٣͵ųҡ
û뵽ûɣֵطˡ
ųҪô˵ϺеĹ֮һ治ܸԷˡ
ȴ߰ͷʺͽ״̬
̫״Ҳ泩˲٣ȻԷг񣬵ùʦȷʵ㹻ϡ
뵽⣬Ƶʺִʵıʼϡ
΢١
һֱŵĵЦݶӲ
֡
̫̲סƿߣû뵽ʺûаǫ飬ֺֹ벻ۡ
ֱ۵ۣ
Ҳѹةǰո³Ϊ̰֡
ٿȥæƿߣִд۲Ϊٻ˰
ϧ
̫ҪʺվǸˡ
һ𾭺ø̧̫Ŀԣǻųдõķ̫ͬҫԼķ
ǵġ
ҲǸе𷨵ˡ
ѧҲ̫Уѧվھ˼ϵǷǳ˲ġ
ΪŶ׼ļ޴ʩչ̫ȤǿɾֻͬȸչβͣһһָԼдķ
żЦУζĪģ
ʮʮĹʦ˸̰档
̫һһͷͷǵĻٿʶı飬ں֪ʶʺȷʵʦ
ǣ
ֵֹۣԼʱʱָ۵ķ𾭳֣Ҳʱ޿ʺĲűߣ
֪ʦôͬԷΪ֮ 
˿ֻ̣˵ĳ֡
̫ŵŴⳡʺ󵥷Ϊнѡ
Ȼǵ͹˻ʺ˵졣
úõţȴ컨׹ƴ糡ĻδĴ
һ̡
̫ĺˣޱȻСӡ
ǣţҲ飬ֱԼҪģ˸ӣʺ
ʾھͿԿʼﱸˡ
ӦãǲԸߣ̫޹ǲҪٳٽ𷨡
ɲ
ɵģŲҪȥԶϯﱸĹأ
̫ͷһظ˸ϲߣŽʺͲҲԷշ𾭡
̸̿ǹ۷֮ͱֻܳ𾭡
Ȼ벻̫һ򶼲࣬Ϊӱܹ
Ҳ͵ͷӦˡ
ⳭдԭǸĹֲ̫۷˵˵ּ̫󳭵棬ͷ̧
Сϵźֵʮ˱裬˾ſ㣬˲ڰסį֪ѹڳһķ˯ˡ
ƽȺ̫˿
һ̧ͷ˯ĻʺҡҡͷţҪĸӳ̶ЩöԷ̫ʱѰ
ʹˣž͸þС
ֵѾͷʵȥڰɣʵܲ
˭Ҳ֪
ʱվҡҷҶڵŵĴͷĸ밲ȴû뵽ɺϼôһĻ
ж˷ĸŮˣǢ


139 
ȻСʺǰ˵ǰ, Ӧ֡
¾Ѿ÷ǳơ
뵽⣬ϳפã̫ʾȡ̺ӸСʺ, ΢΢
˰, Ϣȥ
Щʲô˵֪
ֻ̫Żʺ˯øЩЩʲôµ֡
һ˯ò, Ͼ˭Դſ˯
˺ü죬ķִ, ˯Щá
ȻͱЩˣԴ
̫ҽŮָ˰ʱļ, ࡣ
ۿɫ
Ž̫鲻ЦҲպƣҪŷ˯һûָ𣬸ǰĴŲöϸд
ТĵŶԷ˶š
, ̫þеįˣյġˡԽԽ˳, ʵж
Ժɵþ˼ҲУ
һٷ̫ʺ˵Ц, ԯ޵뷨ڡ
̸߹ҡ
ص޹ŵһҲû, ֱ׳ıʾԸȥ̫ԷСָָԷ¹Ѽįˡ
Ȼ, Ҳ
Ը˶ԷúĻҪ塣
ŵ˵Ⱥõ, Се, ȻʶԼƺ¶, ⼸嶼ˡ
һ˶Ĺ, ƺ󹬶ڹؾʵУֻսֵ

ʱˣ㣬ŵĵᣬ۽Ǻòױߡ
ͷ
һٱһηʢ
˭ҹ٣ȫ̧˭ְ
ϳСʺߣĬˣֱŶԷԽԽ𾢵С㣬ڵɻʺ㻹ڳԡ
һʵ
ǰһڳԣΪʲôڳԣҷŲʹಢţĴڸԼҪٳԣ˫ֶ޷
͵ؿڡ
¿еζźҲͼįҳɣԱˣʡ
ϳԶԣĿСʺԲĹĵͣ룬ĬĽһӼнԼ
ա
ͶϯõĽչУżҪӼһŮҪЩΪʹŮѯʹȡ
ٳϯĳЩӭʹϯ
ûǸһʱȥ̫󴦷ɷɣһ뵽̫ǾϲѵľæøƵģ볤ס̫޹
߶öˡ
Ծϵ²٣ÿÿԾԲգЩ
ֻܲͣοԼҲҪи̡
Ÿʹ׷׵æµĳ̶ٴΰγ¸߶ȡ
æҲæйŮȦн飬ŴŮʹҲæ
ڵǣǾ;͸æˣ
֮ﰵĦҲвѹߣ֮߰
ΪʹɼŮᱻǣУҲ̿һʲô⵽޷ص飬⽫ǷݡֻŮܽĲҵˡ
پһ㶸͵ɽֻŮӡ
ɽׯ԰Ȫȸֺȥܷŷ˻ϴͷĦ޽ָף԰Ҳûȥհϱӵũ֣ôﶼտĸо
ũֵĻһʼǺܳɹʹԽ࣬ǱԵĻҪ֡
ȻҲûзŹ׬ǮĻᡣ
ٴδӵ˽˸ɽͷհ泭˶ɽͷģʽβտܵ㣬ܶ
֮Ѿ竵Ŀֶͷ
Ҳû׬ǮֻŲʹôѿ˶Էģ˳˸ֻ˽ӡ
Ҳ֪Ǵʲô˷ܵĵ㡣
ŸտأһԵ͵ȨĳȺӵɽͷϣҪȫĦ
־ӵȻ˵ôֻŮ˲ܽĵطĸ׽ûӵĿޣͺ治ѣ׷Ҳɽ顣
ҲˣǴûũִȥܲժŲſŶżŵǲСĴĦרõԺӣӭ͸ſӰżһ׵үүײϡ
ǳһѻȸ
ǴŮⳡ֣ǿˣϾɽͷǹԵʲôǵˣռֺ졣
Ҳͷϡ
ȻΪ˳Զɼǰɽͷϸ򻮷ֱַֿ˼ԺӰлȥԻ԰
ɽĶǸ˼ҡ
ЩʹҲʱǮ׬ɵӵԭɿòȥһԧ
ɽͷϽƳɫ
ױָ
ʱ˺ʳζ̫Ǻ̫ŨһʼԸⳢԵ޼
رŮɽͷǱߣԸȥԡ
ȨŲң֮ҲڳԣƳ죬ɽͷ˶ССһʼͻزͷ
λڶԸسȤ̫ҽɽͷϣȵúܵͣѱû⣬Ҫǰ׼
ȫŮӵɽͷǱߣɹŮֱ˼УҲǿš
ζ׬
ʱתţС⽥Ҳһһȥ
ⲻվҪ̫ٳ
ʹҲ룬Ѿھ˼£ЩѹĹٻҪѧᡣ
ΪӭӸʹ
׼һΪʽ¡صĹ硣
Ǵ˷볡ʽ̫Ǹ߳ʽҲиͱǾ˳ʽ
̫󣬻йֻĸֱԣԸֲա
ԱȶԱȣ˻Ҳࡣ
ֻݵǴѹǶ͹ô֡
ʷ϶ѵüصһʢ硣
붼ЩţΪˣӴĹصȥѰרһȥ̫ٸҲĥá
鲼á
Ҳûʲô⣬ֻׯϾ㹻
ֻӸأ˼ȥպյϺûؾϢƭȥɰ£Ѵ˵֪ͨδĹʦҲһ򿪳
ԵĲᡣ
ϺоʦλôһǾصòˣ
Ȼ֪Ϻеݡ
ҲǸܣһա
ЩʹͬǶԴѹϢռ֪ܲôһλ޾ǵ̫ӡ
ָ䡣
ô۽糤Զǧ˶ò̾һ䡮ɡοأ
Ҫ治֪ϺеĴ˵
ǿСĲлϢ̫ͨ⣬Ҳûжɵ塣
һࡣ
ٴοʼС˵ֵ廨ŵľ飬Ͼÿִ󵽲еᣬС˵ҪֳЩʲô
ɱƺ׹ڴ˵ĵȵȳ档
Ϊˣ׼ȷһȥһ꣬а볡ԩ
׼
翪ʼˡ
̫ߣڵ󣬻߽ǳʹĴ󹬵
λõʱİԼŸ̫ס
ѹΪϯ̫ףգʦĲס
˵ϺУϺо͵
С̫ϸͨ
ǻʵۣվעŹſڣӭӹʦ
ˣԱʹȻҲվӭӡ
Ҳ˵ϺйʦݣϾǵ֪ʼϿ˶ٴϳϵŵλǶԷóġ
ÿһӭӶԷȷʵվš
ʦͳȻ볾䶯ȴֶδڣֻתϵķ顣
һСҲȻ
ĿֱӣԼʦЩʲôҲô
ʦͽ˷ʮ㡣
ȵ˵곡滰ʹҲһʺţʦСͽͲ֪ʱûӰ
û֮ˣϯǸ
ǴǹսƸ裬͢ʦո£ĳͽ˵ҲһʦˣһʹֵԼŮĺٲ˼֡
ʱ֮ÿҶðͷͬϰ㣬컨׹
˵˵š
㿪ʼ衣
űţмϳؿڳԼǿߡ
Ҳ赸ǹ塣
֮ϯ۽磬ֿʿ赸輧˹裬εŮ˫Ķ
۾λüõ˳ԡ
۾ֱǰֱݣҪǿֱŽӲĹſͶҪˡ
ҪǽӶȹڱŻ׸Ϯ벻ԶŸ
⻨׵붼֪
սƻĴ׸ӣͬС˵ϼ˶ҪϰգֵúֵԻҪ
ʱɶԷҸɺƭף
Ƴ۵Է︧ʹֻǱŲǾƵġơ㲻Է
Ļᡣ
ŲҪΪ˴׸Ӵأ
̵ֵɫ˻׳ϵݡ
ЩСҵʹûôĵԼ
ظ裬ֱٿֲ
ֱ
ĳλòϴżɴ¶˵Ů˽Ǵ΢費׼ĴѹٻԼԴѹһ顣
ֻǸʼ
󵨵ŮҲվʾĽӶʱŮ󵨵濪ڡ
ʹԣҪΪѵˡ


140 
置ĳλ˫̥ʥʥŮʾĽ, 󷽷ЦűʾҪ빬ֻһԱԲ⡣

۾ɴˣĿò̬һΨǰǼ⸬ͬ置̥ɨ, ֿ˵ĸϡŹС
Ҳ֪ʥʥŮ, Ǵһ涼ʥĵ
ᷢңһʼٵ, µëԼ˵ģǵ˵òǳ˱ռȥȻ
ʽòеʱֵòС
СŮ񷨶㿪, ̸Ҳû˿
ڳĴѹԱͬ⻰˶ŭյͨ, ֻЩūǲ֪ܣ
ǳð
ѹûаǴѹԼѹĻʵ۷У
ԽԽҵĳ棬͵͵ƳĵԷޱ飬÷·Ҫ˷·Լ
ʱ
ǵҲ治ˣ
ϲŭɫöڱ, λǷĪ
Щĸ
֪вˮҾߣ
ٴͶǶε˫̥, ֻ˵СĿȴֱŵΪεϲ, ·ֻһͷ

۵̫࣬һʱ侹Ҳ֪ôӺ˵
, ͷϿ϶ǲ̫ģ
ˣЩ˸ëԼʾɨӭ
Źأ
˵ĬĬ, ƱһСڣͬʱҲ, רĵȴŵľٶ
Ȼ
, ֱȵǿʼ䡮ײɲˡ, ֵȵ̫볡, ĵûпڡ
ò˼ǲǵǰǰ㣬һֱӰͽȫ¡

ɲɣ
ɣ
ʹҲ飬֪׽˽߲ܣŲȾٶ
Ĭ̬ǸһҰ·Ӵеͨǿźš
ǣֳȻȻӼ
Ҳ²Ǹʲô˼ԷֻԼֻҪһ뵽ˡ
Щ½Ƕǵ檣ԸϵСš
˲֪Ϳʼ
ԽΨжſ
߸߸䣬ɨ̨ˣһһȾƣӽ
ᡣ
ɹʮ궼ɹˮĳ´ס
ʱЩ´׾͸Դûһÿһ磬ʹ˶κƮƮȻĿⶼԾۼͬط̫á 
㱼䡣
̨µǴһٴӶգۼĹ̨ˡ
ֻΪ죬ͬģ̳Ķ̥
ﶼ
Ǳ׹û취ֱ³еԼͷʼĮ̆ǶൽҪصˡ
ֵͬ޹ء
ĵһһ顣
ÿҾͻŪ죬ֱֻȫޡ
ĥΪʲôԼ̫ϲ̨ôƯǣ
Ϊʲôأ
ǱԼ̫ΪɫһãҪ빬ôܲģ
ˣ빬
ôٸˣ˹ɾˣҲ֪ܲܵ𡭡
һ뵽üͷ

ԣ
ģŲǼٸ˵ģ
˻ᳪ裬Ҳᳪ裡ǳ˭ûѧأ˵ԼǺѷɫģ
߼ȾƣǲҰԼҲҪ
Ŷ޵һ˾Ѿ㹻
ʼж̧ŲǵӰҶţ·֮ҡҷҶ
ȻͱŮٸˡ
ͼҲͼſ˵Щʲô֫ˮƯŵĲݶǰ㣬û˿
ſ͡
е񺦱˶ⲻֱˣ˵
϶Щ֪ĸǶôĶƮݡ
Ϊ˲Źʣ֮⣡
̫ˣ
ˣҲЩ⣡һҪһҪһҪõ֪Լġ
ġ
޹ȼŵ£ϳŮٻнӹȵ૲ֹ粻ԸȥСʺ
ľŹغϵ
˰СʺϼͨգͬʱӣϸϸԷеૡ
Ҫ衭裡˫ְҡҡ׹磬ֱֱǰĵþȫ˵
ôܿأ
ҪͿģ
⻰ϳЦЦǰ֣İشʲô
һ˼ǰĶãȦΧðҲûܿЩʲô
ﻹڵĴ⡣
ִ̧֣ä㣬ڵſεȥѸǧҫ۵˫
һָֻȥԼöԷָ￴ÿĶһֻҲȥǵʵʵȵŰСĵ˵ͷ
ϳҲⱻСʺס۾Ϊϰ֮ˣֻƾֱɱܿܰڼ
ڡ
ֱֱ齣˷¡
Ȼ
Ըߣ˫ְڵϣͬŽϺװ㣬ӣԾȥ
ܣɿ֡
ˣԷܿ
ԣ裡
ԣˣСܣܿͷֿյĴֻԼʱ
٣ֻʣˣ
뵽⣬ɿŵ˫۵֣ƶʱԷ죬˳־ͰӸסԸǰһԵʮ㿪ڵǱģ
ԣϳЦݣߣͷӦȻ
õĻشڴϵӣô̫Ӳ˵ѶԷɴ
ַȥѰơ
ɵ̧ͷһöĳ˫ҹյ
˾
ʶø˵ЩʲôĵС֣۾ǱźĴүЦ˵ԣЩġͣǡܡе롭
ϰ죬ﲻ°䡣
ǼǵǾ䡮е뺦ޡǰ󲻺ӦԳƱԳޣ̫ˣ
üͷǻĴ֣˼Ҫôڼ˵أȻ°;ͱ
ã̧ͷ
ŵǲ֪ʱ룬ʱϾ֣㡭Ҫ㡭㡭
Ҫܳ裡
ϳ΢٣дżɻЩСʺһ
ϤСϵĿ־ʵޱȡ
üͷ΢壬̧Ů٣ѯʺǷ¶֮£¼Ѿ
λǸСĽЩ
㡭ҪƱ˵꣬źΪԼѾҩϢ΢ѹ˵ĺ㡭ɤûˡûˡ
̫ˡ
Щ˶Ҫܣܣܸʲôˣ
ϳ״Сʺ°͵΢٣ĬƬ̣ʹŮٴνӹ벢ûκ쳣Ѿ
˵ˮ
ƭˣԼıʹһʱǲΪʲôȥЩʲôѹ֮
㻹ûȡ
ϳһ仰Сʺıݡ
Ųű˵Ĺûа̾㡭ңҡȡ
⻰ϳĬƬ̣Сʺˮ˫±㹧ˡ
˵ꡣ
̿СʺֳԵĲӣҲԼĥ
ֱԷ°ͣȥ
Ҳ֪Ϸ̫Ǿÿڿˣһʼӣȵһȴ˫룬๾¹ࡣ
·ȵòѾƽʲôʼ
ǵν븹ŷ˫ִ֣ڵ̾ϢȻǶſ࣡ˣٿֵСһһ
Сһ
üͷ˼Ϊʲô
ⲻӦãϾԼǸ˰
ϳСʺɰģֱЦͷһСʺǺ˵գ˵޵ľŶʲôʱ
˼Ͷдϡ
̲סȥȤ
Ǳ
ɻ磬ҲǺѾԵʣڴ˲١
ȻҲȫпΪ⼸仰Ƚ϶̡
˵
üͷ˺ðΣ̾˿ǣʲôȡʲô
ϳûټȥСʺ󰲰ţҲͳȶ΢̵Ķͷںۣ˯һŶͻ֪ˡ
ȵ˶ͿǸÿЩЪϢźá
⻰ͶרעĿ˵ò
ǹеüۣһһȰű˯ı
Ҳ֪ȥá
ڼԼҪʲô
ͦ˫ץŵ½󣬴˵ҪҪ裡Ҫ裡ҪҪ㿴ˣңҲģ
˵꣬صĵ˵Դ
ϿԼĻҲǼᶨԼ
״ϳ΢㶡
˰ΣСʺѱŮȥεڷЦ˵ֻоŶῴõأǾŶﲻֹһˡ
Ժŵֹ˵Щʲô⣬۾˵Ҫ裡Ҫ裡
ÿҪƵʱ򣬶ԳƱ
Ծ˫
ȾŶ١
ڣҪֱӴ˵Ȱ裬ѾɹȸԽͷ
ǳִҪ
ӣίֻöԷǱͷݺݺ赸ۣӵ
ίܡ
ԴʹúܣǼǧ̳ͬʱ򷭣뵽Լɫ˥ڿһ˵乬ŻԶȲˡ
뵽⣬ֱӺۿֱֱӨ͸ˮۿתͣʵ㲻𣿡


141 
ϳһһ, Ķˡ
Сʺģҿڱǡȳصۡ
㵣ٶ˵Էġ
´ͬʱ˵ŶĪҪ˼, Ψ, ҲΨһˡ
Ŷá
һĨ۽ǣûˮȫ, ͷŵ𴽽ǣЦݲá
ſ˫, תȦ
ʣ°ȦΪеΣֳϡ
֣صĿڶԵ˵Ҫˣmusic

ϳڴر, ޱ飬͹ԼСƭӵûûΡ
ʲôèè˼ġ
ҲСƭͷһعԹ
أƹأôʲôûУ
оӱ֮ǰתÿ˲٣ҲʶԼ̨ƺ̫Ծ
ڴرߵĵʱҲٽôࡣ
Ҫ֤ԼȽȺƯݺݺ㣡
ʲôûҲν, ݺݺǻҪ裬ʲô ҲҪ, ⲻǸܿóԼ
ʱ䡣

һֽţɤ, ׼󣬲Цſ, ˵׼ˣҪʼŶ, գ۾Ȼҵľ赸
ϳ֪Сʺ⻹üȥԷĻƽ, ڳ˼Ҳǰ, ӦѾ˹Ч
㲻ٶȰĻ
ӭСʺ, ΢΢ס
״, Ҳٵ󣬾ͿʼԼľʱݡ
ûûϵ
ԼԼ࣡
δζδΣһûдʣڵļrapټϽʮĽ衣
ֱڵذطת̫ȡ
һˤڵϣҲķǳרעʹεǴûͣ
ϳЩڴģٲҲΪСܸλӡ
û뵽
Էֱڵϴֵ֡
¸ͼԴڵϡ
Ҳסֱǰ˱
ôˣϾʱݵòͣͣŵǴЩŤı飬˻ֽţ˵ãҼ裡

ϳӿЩ˰ڴϣͬʱ˵ҹЪϢˡ
νټȥ޹ĵ涼ܱɾ
͵ҡͷ˫ֽŵϵֻ֣˵һû꣡»û֤ҵľˣҲͣҡ
˵롣
ĴͱססСѼӵǰ㣬Ҳ
Ŷ˯ˡ
ϳ˵߶Сʺ˫ٴηۿ
ջǵвյӨӨ⡣
̾˿֣ͬʱΥĿ޵ȡѾ֤ˣҹҲ糯裿
ã㣡ɵͷٷЦӯӯģ·ڴŻյĵ

ϳֻԼڵ̫ʣСʺ£Ҫ֪Ĳ裬ο޲־ѵĶԷǿأ
ûȶپƣȴȻЩͷˡ
ˣҵĸ裬ҳĸ裡¾Σö
ʵֿɴڴ
ľԼӲƺЩʧ󣬵Ҳֻƺ
ϳڴ³ĬΣű۵ͷãȷʵ
ɲ
Ժлصִֵֶɡ
ãջһھԼĪļãֺϱӶѧЩʱĶδΡ
Ȼ
ߴǾҪڴϵ֣ĳٴҪѼ͵ֱʹĬĬֻ
ϳֻʳָСʺĴΪԷȥЬ࣬Ǻ߳ҥҲС
㿪ڵ۾ͬ㽲£˵м˻֮¡
ԺɼǵõҪ۾ſϽµСϰߣæ˫ۡ
˳ְѱӸϣԹɵͷȴ
ܿ죬ǵϤɤӶȵ˻İԹУ硣
һҹ
ֻǵԼȵǵĺ˯ȫƬûӡ
Դˣޱңһ
ҲŮʳóˡĽֱ֣ӵڱʾлʺһӡ
ϧǣʱѾʮ
κεȻûмԳƵ׵ʱ̡
Ȼǵס
ǵдʰաѹĻʵ۲ŮɫƫԶСжţοǵĴ֮£֪֮¡
ƶʵ۲ϲôʺ
ΪӦ빬ǿ϶ǲİ̽빬¡
˭ܽ
ǿûֵøãʹѪ¼ٺ󣬱ҲϨ˼
ô˵ϵĶŮһ汻ǴѹͱβᣬԸļҹʧӡ
ûʱȥĥʹǵ飬ʹæ˸ݡ
Ϊ˱֤ĳЩС˵ֵܰѪ¼
ÿϯĿÿջҪЩεʹռǣͼδ֮ʱ
֮⣬ҪǰŮнˮ˲̫Ҳ
ֻҪ̫ٳҪȥﱸæµ
޲Լܡ˳һһ˳ˡ
ž͸ĳλΰ˵༷ˮ
˱һƣܸǿ
ûбǿȵĹѹ壬ǧټƵļʱò͡
ֻϧҪæϼֻ֣жݵʱ
ĺ»֮ʱ·ܲ㣬ĵİòǸϳ¿ӣǰȥ
š
֪̫ٳ͵ˡ
ҪˣҹʱֶŮȥѲһسأȷһвöûг˯¡
ʱֲ־á
ſʼ컹ûͱˡ
ΪĲߣȻҪһָ˵˲ٵرĿҲҪԼӼĵߡ
ԼȴŵҪǰټġ
ææµµһ졣
ĿûֻܵƣҪΪʺĿ֮´˯æ͵С
еĽĿǰŵš
ǲ֪Ϊ̫ÿÿڽĿתʱͣתŷ飬ǡڴ
֮һж˳
߶ȽŵľҲ΢ŻЩԼǷݷ̵ֵķΪ֮ʱѾЦȻĶ̫˵һһѵĲȻĺٴʡ
ҲüûǸ׼ٴʡ
Ȼ۰Ͱ;丣綫ٱɽǲǶ֪жݰˡ
Ҫ֪ЩʹǶʺأ
ЦԼڰæ֮лսףشʱĹ졣
̫һķ𾭳Ĭԣ̾˿ڰʾֿѶȥ
ٳҪȥ
ЩӻʺӦҲûҲãʹܲס֣͸徲徲
Ļ
õľĲ£ⳡʹнŨɫʣ˵ԵģصĴ緶ȷʵˡ
ΪʺɲС
ֻ磬ҪæµĻࡣ
ҪССĹ硣
Ϊܸõչ¶緶ǽǰ˲ӡ
Ϊһ֮ȻҪŵУԲǻʺķΧҲǵòļ
ԹԶ̡
֮ϹϵĴͻͲᰲȫʲôطȥһ֮ѾˣᵣЩ
ٽţҲҪ
Ҳһ㣬νһ㣬ʵǿܸȦٶ඼ĿþĳɥµӰȻֹˡ
̿ʲô⣬ҲΪʺʲôġ
ҹ˾ʱõĴһ֪ʶ
ǰ˫ڡ
ǲϱӺϱ쳾
붼Ȳʱͬ¡
ԴˣȻǧٸԸģµֻҲҪʱȥ
ֻϧ㲻㡣
ҲҪлȥʵֲС
˸Խʱء
޹̴Ŵ˵ǵʺȥֵԽָ̿裬նĵ

ϳͺˣ齣ȻȻ
Ҳź»ǰ쳾ȻڣҹɶҪμӡ
ټԼƺûͬһ
֮£ֻܰõʾԼЩҲԸԷһˣ뿪
Ȼ
ȻûȻˡ
ȦѾľһЩԼᣬֻĬĬȡ
㰡
ȥǸˣϾǼ˶Ҳ˾֪ģĿýɢأ
ڵҹὣסҹѲʹĵսۣ֮Ǿ͸˯ûʲô̫Ĺϵˡ
ڼ䣬ǧ׻Щ鲻ƿء
ʲôСжʲôŮϾִǿع
ҲЩС⣬転Ϯˣ߼ɱķ
ƴһжڿɿطΧ֮ڡ
ܿ죬Ҳ͵ʹ뿪ӡ
ڵеһصݳ˻ʹ
ڸ¥ϵңңŮʹʹĳͷ
ѹġ
ôʵĴǶҪˣҲҪѹ
Ҫ֪ЩʹĲҵһǮ˾ľѣľʶٴԼ˽ 
Ŀôʵ뿪
ʹȻ¡
ʹȥڳеŵС
ÿÿ˯㱼˲䣬յΣܾһ۾ֻصǼȵֵ¿ӡ
ˣɵȴæµ
Ͼʹµⲻһֶ࣬ʱǢҪͱ
ΪԼûɶҲԼΪǣǲԷķա
ǣһ˼Ǻ
ƻƣͻε̫޹
ʲô
Դ£ٶ̫ϱ䲻ǢĹϵ
Ϊˣǰ̫޹ΪеĹ¹˴ȥЦ֡
ΪԼ̫ദԽԽǢ
ƣ̫󶼲ˣʱٱԹԷҲ
һȥ
֪͵
еģĥëߣôȥ̫֯һ֯˼նһ𳭷𾭣۾ɲã򵥵İãҲܴ򷢴ʱ䡣
ĥ̫רעûעԸˡ
һ磬ǶڹﲻԸߣǱ˭ʯƵ˾Ůٽʲôӣžԭա
̫ٳǰʺȻʦڡ
ûȥڣûעӡ
֪λɽǶģЦŽ˶ڹб˸硣ǰǳԹٲͣ˸ʵ׼ҲͲࡣ
ЦЦ˶緹
ҲյټҲʧ
ǶɢȥλСõ˸裬Ц˵ЩС
ԭСǻ
̫Ǳ߲Ҳò뿪
ʵ֤ЩϱϵĺͻǴ
̫󴦵õ˺üʹͣһ̴֧ľƳɵıʡ
гֵɻ̫ڰʾ֣
޹ʱͷҲҪɽ
ͻȻԼµǸ󡯵Լǡùʮˡ
뵽⣬ԺĳЩɫ뷨ӿ
ڷϵձߵĺϼҪ֡
Щɫ˼ԺвͣȦȦϷŲ˵ǿǲϼָ롣
ϱЩд֣ƫòֱӣ
ֹš
Ȼһ˫˫ϡ
Щʲôأ
ŵϤɤ̧Ŵ֣˵˭׽Ū
һ£
ϳ˵ߵֽŵ˱뻳С
ƮָƮСʺϵ֣˫峺˫ϡ
ݼһ¹Ц˵͵͵Ĵƭӡ
˵Сƭӣõƭأ
ģҪĸ˶һƭߣ߯ˣ
⻰ϳЦЦƮСʺϣһǣſ˵ǴƭҪ;ŶһŶ


142 
õİ, ǾĿԴ
˵߷֣ԹɣɵƮһһ㽫Լ˫ڴ˫ϡ
Ӿû취Ӧе, бᷢ
ߵʱʱ޵ĺ, ٱ硭

ͻȻ֫ڿıĳϤĻ, ǰһƬڣ⾪, ˫ְϰ׼ȷϵľ
ȷԼˤ˿
㱼, ԼϱӵӾɫﱻɡ
㻷ôһ
ⲻǵ˵ʮЩ˰
ͻȻ𡭡
оҲ˶٣õͦҲͦġ
׼Ӽ۾νʮḻŵʱһῪĸ߸˿ȿȡ
뵽⣬Щ, Ϊᷢɫ˼룬ֵҲЩ˵һ, ʵŵˡ
ԣϳжСʺ, Ц⹬ȾŶ㵨Ӵģɲࡣ
о϶˼, 㽫ԴߺӦ˭˵, ɶأ
ﻹģ˿Сʲôطȥ
Ȼ, ѾΪȥ
ĽҲò, Ҳһ, ɰ̾
ϼϸ˵ȥ, תͰѻƵϡǺ壬ͼǰ˿죬ƵʲôĴ
˵ǰ˵˵òúòã
Ȼôղɲɽ͸¶ֶûġ
ֻ˵ʱ˾֪
ˣûȿڣ˫žŵˣԶԶĴЩֵĻǾ̫Զò̫С
ŵǸʲôطֻǸʲôʱ˫ɸŵƮȻ⿪
ƵϦô
΢΢ۣץסĨµƮȴʲôûץ
ϰߡ
žԼվſڣմյĳľŴʱѵóֻȴһˣտŵļ۶ڡ
ͷ˵ϼ䣬ȴ˵˵ӰӶûƵ
Ĵٺ
ȴ̫Ϥĺ
ͷȥȫ˶վ˫ײ̫Цĳ֡
ʱʶǸʲôͷ̺ɲǿ顣
ɿȷû¶棬ȹڣͬ߸ߵżܽԸ
Ц˵һ
ͺûͺá
̫ϲۿﶼ˸⣬ס֣ﲻͣ˵źá
ȸ̫˵˺ЩžһСǴкδ뿪ǰ㣬ϼƤĴȤЦ
ľŹϵʱ
ͷţû︡Щʲôпͱһһӭߡ
ž۵˶ٷʢޱȫȵ͡
ɫ
طҲֱܻ롣
ֻⳡøЩҾʱ䳤Ӱ㣬޷̡
Թ
ͱ͵δʱĹ뷿СԺǰǿЦģҲ𼸷˸С
̫ĿⶼҪճϣԷ⼸ӲЦ˵ҳ͵͵ûʲôģǵñҰĸ㻹вˮ
⻰һ
ȻǱЭĺǳ
˵˼䣬û˵꣬ͱϽԺλѸٽԺŴͷϡ
ѽһû˵أ쿪ţʲôģ
ſϣкţĪ;ԼǱؽɽµӣϱӵͷĳ̡
š
Ȼ۾һڣ˫۾ͱƮͬʱҲĳϤĻ
õڶʱˡ
ϳЦСʺĶ¸ǣҲӦ𣬽뻳
ż㣬뿪Ժ䡣
Ϥ̵ġ
֪üǲͬûŶԷϴ̳תӣ˺Щ׼ҧѽʱóȥ
ԲѵãѵõҹԲ
ͰͻؼС
˼ܲ˶ݡ
˼ˣڵ˲䣬ѯʵڶʲôѽ͸һҲ²ºòã
ϳֻЦЦû˵漴ӿ˽ų̡
ʲôģȻҪЩظУһ̽ʡ
𣿡
˶½ʵİש²ԼǻصʹܰĺܣĽޡ
Ȼ޹
ҹǶȻĴ߶ģ˵ذޱȡ
ֻʣһ𰸣
޹
ô
΢죬Ĭ侲ŰסǼѵ飡
νĵڶڳ˵Ŀְɣ
⡭̫ˣ
ӣڣڻʮ꣬Ҳܳ
ͣ΢ж
ţǰƮˮ㻬ʧǰģǸİԺС
һשһߣǾˣȴǵ޹ֵġ
Ժﻹҡǧ
˵ǵ޹ԸסĹҲûЩ⡣
ǣԵĵɻ
ϳûмŻش𣬶ǣСʺԲȦС֣ŶʯС޵ĻԣԽСǧҡԽԽԶ
ִǹƯС¡
Сʺ֣ľţƽƿ
ͬʱ˵Ŷ߶ÿһգпƾ棬ԺƧǸȥ
ŵߴܾޱȵİ裬Դת˺üȦԭסʮĹ뷿࣡
ϸơ
ŷֲǰ軹Եʲô⣬ϡڼѰЩۼɲͬ
ʱ䣬ؿǲͣŵﵽȫһš
ǱƵġ
˵
㶼ѽЦŸ߽ӶԸϲĶΧŲǽĿڵϡƶδư֡
綼ֻʣǰˡ
һǵþŶҲͨ˼ҵķǰ㣬ƽƽĹӡϳ̧СʺıǼ⣬ŵĿɲ٣ԷֻԳԺȺ˯˯С롣
ֻΡ
룬ǿ룬˵ܳ档
ЦЦ˵˷˹񣬱㽻ȥСԺסţҾƽް㣬峿ҳΪƱڼпƣұ˼򵥵Ĺӡ
ǡҲҪȳɷޡ
Խ˵ԽС̧պöϵ˲ްϼֵ
ʱԼҲܵ͡
ֱӱϵż⣬һ˵ıڶԷ֮ǰ˿ͬʱֱ׳˵ɫãվ̣Щʲôأҵġ
ͣټЦż⣬յߣ˵ҵĽ㡣
δ¡
㱻һ˲ͷܱ˺صĴᣡ
ŵþַæúܣټʱƣⷽҲͣڿǴͼľ硣
ȻѾڴϣңò
ŶԷֽ̧ⴲᣵʱΪֱӽѹ£ҲȵûзӦֱȥ
˴ʡ419֣
ȹδѹᣡ
һѹһǣ֮£ŵĺᣲɢڵۺ´ʱס컡
úء
νˮˡ
һ괺ô
꼫
**
˵˿ֵͷ᲻ӽЩ
ֻЩףԸյ֪ʶЩΪεѹһͷأ
ͬˣΪʲôڶֻţȥ

ŵæʱҹ£ܴչ۷磬öԷҲԸ
ֻϧʧˡ
սŰܣŰս
ڡ
֮ղ֮£ڿһؽŮ
Ȼݵòô
ȴҲԲʮΡ
˪ƣ׾Թ϶
ڹᷢƽر̫صشˣʾҪȥ밲ĬʱԳޱȵİ顣
̫泩ҲԼҵ
ǰѸڹĲҵѰĳЩĹŮǺĺչ
׬Ǯæ꣬Űһ
ΪԼûʲô汾£ûʲôָҪ˵ȷʵװŲٵȽ֪ʶ
˲һڳԳɴӡ
Ҳֻƾ֪ʶͻȻ
ֻܴС
ʱ滨ݣܲܺ˵øʲôӵӣٱ··Ժȡ
Ҫ¸·֮Ҳǿ֮
˵򵥣Ҫʵʱȴ˿ɣǵ׷УҲ˺Щ˳ȥ
ʢʮꡣ
һʥּɹлޡ
ʥּ󹬶ˣԾۼʺ󴦣ѯʥּ֮⡣
ڻʹֻ꣬ҪЩֶΣԼۺĹϵǰ㡣Щģ֪ࡣһ֪ߣҲõԻʺ⣬Ҳ߸ء
Ǳʺ󽻺ãֶʺԹ滮Ĺҵ
ʥּ£Ȼȫ
һʱޱȰ˭ûȿڡ
绨Ϥգ΢̾һſڼ˵˼
󹬲߾ߣĵ
ֻŽ꽥ųԽ࣬۽翴øҲԽǱȸŹ
ǳϦദĽãĶɵͷˣǿ¼ң
ǡõҲЩĽǴ׵òС
ǣʥּ
뵽⣬˵ʥּ֮⡣
ʲôϧڹй¿ı湦϶ҪȫҲҪͽͣʥּǿҪ󶼳һԸ֡
ҪҲϾÿ˵뷨ͬ
ֻôһΣҪǴ㲻С
˳ӪվɣΪı䣬ǹʽ䶯㱨ʲôĲٽ
¡
޹ޱȣ˾ᡣ
ǵȿڣּ⣬ŮԸ빬
һȫɵˣ˭ųȴõ
ϾԷںлȨǰȨ
˿ڣЩ뿪ʹҲ׷ǰ£ʾּ
ȴҲкЩԥڹš
״ֻǱʾʱ˼
һҲ֪ûлټ棬㰲ЩרǵĹ
յ棬Ľá
պ
˴룬λֵ͵Ҳ뿪١
Եĵѡ뿪
ǧţƾȰ˵Ըȥ
󹬶ʱ˴롣
밲ʱЩϰߡ
ҹĶʱŶӦûͳ졣ͳ˹ѵ֮£ǲڵֵʱ䶼Ҫҹصʹһ޹һ޹ĽгɣɰѴҿãܲʱǺŵġ
һ١
æµҪڹж껹Щ飬ȻЩҪӡ
Ϊ˻صյĿ֣Ҳۿѽڽ
˵ּҪӹŮѡ١빬ŮٲͬڰڹְϱҡרЩٵ
ΪڣҲΪԼϼ
ȴӰѵЩѾʹѡŻŮͷѡǣٵȸʮ꣬СѿǶҲԡ
εĺǰæ
ʺҲæòУǱ绹÷¸ǵοʣȥ졣
û˺ǵİģǸӡ
ҪǳŵӲŶԷٵϵڶݹʹܺúùڡ
ա
˶˺üȦЩôȥؾµʱ㶨оظˣ
ڹж볯
겻һ
ϧԲҹҪ
ʵϳԸĻʺ󶼱ˣһӣóǸظҸԲ
Ȼ۵ģ
ҪЩǰټ޷ȡһСʺæµ
ǲˡ
Ҫ뾩ĻʼԸԲϯ̫Ҳ̫
ϯɫҲ
ѽڹҲŵƻᣬǱ̻ˣȻҪŵ̤ϻʳǳ¥
겻ͬ
ŵ̤ϳ¥޼Ӧ˵ʣµɲֻ࣬־
ԵЩ塣
ϳǲЩ˸徲
ĳ¥ɸѿ
ҰõĵطȻĸԼʺ󣬶ǵǺԾҺԶЩĵطСȻǹŮ̫ࡣ
̻Ư
ֻ̫˵һˣϲȻعЪϢ
ܿ죬רΪ̻Сֻͤʣµۺˡ
̫Զտ˵ЩʲôԶ̻ȴͬ˼
̻ըա
һһ䣬ǧ仨ڵҹգ貶Ŀ˵Ŀ
Ҳʱ
ϳЦŽ䵽ԼԵСʺ뻳Уż㣬ԾŻʺ˳¥ߵĹǽƬϡ
ɰŵãæȵ
˫ŲƬҲŵòС
ܲŰطֶָߣƵʱѹûпǻվأټ϶ը̻ͷǸˡ
ǵһһǣţǿ
ˣҲҪץŵֱۣڶԷ
֪ԼܶˣҲС˵Ӿĳãϧ
ط¥ˣ
Ŷ£ĪҪٿ棬̧ͷǵҵƻ𡣡
ϳ֪СʺµòУҲ̻¶Ļᣬ㽫£뻳Уֱ۰˵̻ӳһֱȼ⣬ơ
䡣
Ƕ̻ըڰ
û̻Լô·̧־ͿԴ
ϤеҲûô£˼̻𣬱Դƿ˵
ֻԷ΢΢ɫרעԶ̻𣬾˫ﶼǻ
̻ȴҲʱĵ
ܾһĻʶ
ڻãŻ㱼𣬶ǰĳ¥ϣҲôҹӰʵʱ򣬵Ҳ¶Цݡ
ʱȴֻ꼻һ֡
ת˲ţͬξ
ŵĨδʧЦճտá
ֱһһը̻
ӭϵ˫Żع
ȵѯʣֱӴչȥôһŶЦݵĴǡ
󣬾ʲôܰ㣬Ц˵ϲ̻𡣡
ǣ֮Ȼϲġ
ϳЦſڣеСʺ̧ι˾ǵ͵ЦĹĹĵСգż˵ǾŶ㣬ĪҪԴס
ֲ㣬ŲԴף˭Ը̻ĴѽһתԴ
Դףͷң
Ͳ
Ҫˡ
֣쿴Ҫ̻ˣרЩ⿴ϲ̻𣬻Ժÿһÿһ̻ļѽڶ㣬𣿡
Ȼǿޱ⡣
ϳ̻ըٴ𣬲ûпʱߵĻרעĿǰ˫ԶСʺ
ǵЦݱȷŻҪϼ֡
ڿն𣬰쳹Ķڵţ֮ȫȻڵ
֦֮ͻ͡
ˣꡣ
꣩


143 
ʢʮꡣ
üĲиŬ, ɹһĹ͢٣ڹ͢ٵЭ£˳, æµ
»عпСӡ
ÿ޼ǼܽյĹ, ٳԸ緹ȹ͢ǽ, ٻ㱨㱨
ЩʣµľͶǸʱˣ
æ͵гˣˣؼҿ, ǴСԺܰĿ֣ˬòС
ڹ˲ʲôġ
Щµټĵ飡Ҳ
Ȼһ
Ϊ˰æµĹ, Ըרг׻ۣҳֺѹեͶĸţϵĻֳȥԸ˶ճ֡
ϱʱϰ
Ŀ, ܹ̣͵ս
Щ͢ٶ׵ò, ָ˲ţٸӵĿ, ҽϳֵĴ
, ҲڵóԸǰ˺ʽ
಻Ҫ¶ʱ, ܴڵ͸ǸƫƧСԺҡ, è㿴ͻ
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