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иߣʢ
İ
ʳֻӣ쵽ʮͳ˭֪̫ӵµ˾޹Ů
ŮǶ˵Ҫ֦ͷˣ
ȷʵ֦ͷûλ̫Ҳ̫ˣ˷̫ӡ
̫ӵΨһŮˣȻҪŷ̫ȥ㶼
֮㶼ʮ̫꣬䣬ܹ裬˪УֻŮһֱ벻
ʮ̫صǴ󱦣йŮټΪ
վǰͷӣǣŲŸѧ·ãʣҪ𣿡
պ˾֮ӵ£ɼǵԼ䷲ǱʱŮ˶˵Ȼ㲻̫ˣҲңҲ㣬ɣ
*дӵĹ͢Ҳе͹ȵĲоʳĭ˪ѩУŰŶǸġ
ݱǩ͢   о
ؼ֣ǣǣʺ󡢳˾šʳȩ
һ仰飺˾޹Ů̫
⣺ǿϢ
Ʒ
ʳֵĹŮ˭֪ȥ̫ӵ˾޹Ů˶˵֦ͷ˭֪λ̫Ҳ˷̫ӡҲ˱㶼ڸĹ£͹ȵķ̫ӿһȫȻոµ·
ıϸ壬龫ʣ壬ԾȻֽϣƪɶõļ


1 
ѡΪ˾޹ŮϢ̴ֶʮ˾
֪Ϣʱŷ
һ
ϵĸϴ¹ˮˮϴһ飬߹С
ϣֻŽʹУĻһʱ󣬷ЩݷĸɾӣʱʱЩΡ
ð״Ҩһ룬ɫƯŵɫļͣ˱ǣ˲ѷġ
ɫ㡢ζı׼
ոԼʢһ볢˭֪ȴϢе׵ڵϣ
뵹û򣬱ȵطڰϡԱߵſϷǲ˿
ʦ˵һˡ
Χˡ
ԱһС̫͵͵Ӧߺ󣬾Ҫ̨ϵߡ
С̫Χ
СӣʲôǳżòŰϢ߸㣬һʳϴθļС룬̵ͷˣһֳˡ
Ǿǡ
С˫ȭѵ֣һǱˡ
ͷ󺹣⼦үүģǶ㣬㣬Թˡ
ۼС̫ҨҨĽСӼᶼˣҲ˵ˣæǰȥԡ
ȺС֪죬˸ȡСӱ̵ֱֱ֣̾óԡ
Ե͵ʱŷӦŸƺЩˡ
ѡȥ̫ӵµ˾޹ŮǷ֦ͷˣ󲻵Ϊβˣ
.
Ȼˡ
˵ˣ˾޹ŮǹĻӳ˺֪µġ
йأǳ羫йֵΪ䰲˾޹Ů
̫ӵͣ˳꣬ʺֻôһӣܽϣŮɫӣרŷǷĸŮ˽¹̫ӣһȱС
Ҳˣ̫ӽʮߣÿȴûһŮ¡
δ̫̫ʮ궨µģ׸лҵĵŮ˵ùɫ㣬¹ţ̫Ƿ
̫ȥ͸ô飬ƫɷлɥŮɥТڶڽʮ¡
ϸ£˵ҪΪ̫ѡ˾޹Ůֶʮ˾һڹŮ˽¿ͷ
ȫǵڿû뵽־Լϣ
ʱĸھ٣Ľڻ˿ڵҲͿ죬ﻹǵʲô͢ǡ
빬ʮ꣬裬ʹߵúܿ죬Ҳûˡ׼ڹＲĹ档
˭ⲻǵĸ
Ů̧۾ͿվڹͷĹŮ¡
¶Ԫ빬ĹŮȴԸ塣
˴ӵһμͲۣ¹ǸϲģƫƫСԿ㰮£ͷǶԲ
ͬһͬѵ˾ѵֵͬһӣǽһâ
һֱѵ˾󣬸ȥʳ֣±ֵз֣˲ͣ
û꣬ƽʱûϲ鷳ƫƫԸָҶ֣˶ô꣬¾ûռϷ硣
û٣ԽսԽ£ƽʱϲ䣬øΪͷۡ
ʱ¼ʵ۾ûѪ
ҲˣЦˡ
Ȼ֪̣Ǿͺù𵲵
¼ɤӵ˭̣Ѿͷ㣬Բ̣ƾʲôѡȥ̺̫ӵ£ʳҲϹ۲Ż㣡
ԼСԲ
֣
ðɣݵȣȷʵЩ
ʱŮ˰ױΪֲ֮ԴһǣóĹңܳԱȴƫƫԼõݣģڸв
ƫƫ˸ݽ֮䷶Ԫ۳谮ṬŮЧ£ڴгһܷ֦ͷˣҲܵ
ҲʹֻΪɣһǴͳɣһƳΪ
±ƳΪҲ֪ʲôʱ𣬱ͲֵԼøݵ˵һ̬֮
ҲͰգǳۣ֡ƺԼľ
Ҳÿ޶⣬һܣһͷҲˡü
±ɫˣ˵ȫǹͷ
һҿһ۾֪ˣվӣһǰĹͷ
ͷֳһ׮£֮±ɫֲ࣬ʷߺ֮ɫݺݵص˸زһۡ
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôЦһڲ񣬵˶ˡ
ȻĲˡ

ıӰ˼գգۡ
´һȫȻԼǸʲôģĻȴ͸¶Ϣ
ѡȥ̫ӵ˾޹Ůʳ⣬ҲѡˣǻҲѡˡ
ⲻøǰʳͻȻйȥ¡
ȥ˺ʳһ仰û˵ֻǿۣصͷˡ
ѵ˵Ǵʳ
.
Ȼ֪ʳѡ֪˭ˡ
ȥһʳ֣ۼո͵˵طӭ治Զվһɫӵ̫࣬ƺڵʲôˡ
ϲˡ
ɫѿ㶼˵ˣ
øݰ𪣬һЦиѣźܺ޺ĳࡣ
¶ˣȻ֪
ûһֱ֪ҵĴ㣬ϲ
ȸߣͷܿͷϵķ
Ǻ£̺̫ӵ£̫źõŮȵʱӣūˣ㵽ͳؼǿǼܰͽָܿ࣬ô㣬ڹô꣬ôϤ˺£αسܱͷù
ûпɬ񣬳Ϲ˵ʲôҼҲ̫̫࣬ܳԣŻͽٶҵԸ㲻ʹʹһȥǶҲãһݵ۸
΢΢һӣûиִǴȥҳ˾ţȻѱȥͲٸġ
Ȼ֪ʹ˵˾Ϊ˵ʳѾֱȥǲΪԴģǲĶѡ
׼˶꣬ԭٹܳˣû뵽¡
˵ʲô£ΪܳЩתŮ٣ȴӲŷﵱҵСŮҸʦѧˣѧգŵԺ˹ﻹôȥСʳҲʳ
ʮί
ཻ꣬ǰȻòҴš
֪ҲЩȥŮ٣㻹˵ʲôӣôõģЩǣԴףʲôֶòʲôļûУǸ˵ĵطҲȥ
ﱾǳ˵ĵط
˵ʲôֻԭشתûĻ
˵ǵūŵģ㲻ɼҪ뿪Щ
벻
Щεҡҡͷϣڹϻв£ˣ뿪ˣ㡣
.
ֿ󣬸ȥʳ֣˭֪˾Ųڡ
Ůٶ׷׵ϲ˵¿ɷ֦ͷˡ
ȻⲻͬʳֵĹŮۺʣ⵽ʳ֣ôŮڣҲ˵ʲô
Цˣڴʳֳ
Ҵ
νҴһȫסŮٹŮӣ۴αȵһСԺӣסһԺ
ȥʱԺˣмŮϴ
ŮҲȫݣ˲ܻסЩ˽˵ĻǶŮȻҲ̫̭Ѽһԡϴдڹ
⼸˱Ǳæ˵Ц߽ס
ûǣߵԼķǰóԿ׼š
˷֦ͷǲһ֮ǰ˵˵ЦЦ̸йָ̫ӵѡ˾޹Ů£ƲԱѡˣ˶ˡ


2 
˵ǸĹŮýСΣƺϴɢһͷʪĳü۴Եļʡ
ԱиŮһѣα
ǰ䣬֪Ը񣬳˾α
һѻӿȰˣôѵ˵òԣЩ˾ؼ飬˵˵ЦЦʵŻ˼ƲԷ֦ͷ֮ǰΪ˼Ҷ¶ûȤ
˵ţͶԱһģĹŮϣ֮ǰǸ𣬳˼ңĺôû¸㣿˵ѣ˼ҿû㵱ɻ£ǰϹˡ
ĹŮû뵽ԼӣСǺ⻰Ҳǡǡ˵Ŀһ˫Ӹӵؿ򸣶
ӿޱ˹
֮ǰţ˵øߣ˹ˣЩˡ
㡢ʲôѵҲɣôˣɫߵ˷׷ױ˿鼱֮£Ƶǰ
Ժѵģ
ǰԼŵԹ΢΢̾һڣŲţҲǲ֪
Ц˭Űôˣ˵㲻֪
ϲɿˣһ䣬ҲǿƽʱȵķϡԾ㲻ѣҲ뱻
㰮Ųţ
ƣˣ
ʱͻȻɤӡ
һڹŮͷȥɫ
˾š
˾š
һʵذ봹ͷʧɫȴ˵Ŵͷȡ
˾ŻһۣҲû˵ȥ
˶٣βϡ
.
Ůһ㶼һ䷿ǰһ䷿ڹþãʳֵλ⣬͵ռһ䷿
򵥣ػһΪԷһŷĸӣǽи߹񰫼з¯ͭΪˮ֮á
Ҳûͳ˾˵ȥһˮ
ˮһյ裬˹ڳ˾ǰ
ˣԸ⣿Թûǰ˵
˾ʮͣƤ𪣬۽ϸϸƣźܺƵĳ࣬˵ϸġ
һֱû˵ĸڿˡ
Ҿ벻ͨʳֳñҺõĹŮΪεѡң
벻ͨ

ʵѡУҲЩԵɺϡ
⻹Ҫ˵йյΪ̫ѡ˾޹Ů
ȻǸѡˣݲʺģûҪ󣬵׼ѡЩ欵ĹŮ
ʱֻһ仰Ҫĥܾá
ĥУ⣬ĥ⣬°ˣ㲻ȻбС
۴Ħʺ˼ĺйһѺ֡
صйֺͷԸ֮ˣȥǳ಻欣ÿʵЩиģҪúõĹŮ
ҪеΪˣҪúãҪʵʵܳúÿÿҲʵ
Ҫи࣡߯Ϊˣ
ʳǺйĸйû˵뵽ѡġ
νϸж
Ϊ֮һϯŮ٣ʳ֪ܲԴó๬ŮЧ¶ԷɣֵŮٱԹŮܸɻȴֲų⡣
ųɵĹŮ͵ڷ
ȻѡЩ欵ģǿѡķΧˡ
ʳ˼룬뵽˸
۸ʳ֣ǿǴͷΪѾͷǰǸͷٻΪһࡣ
Ҫ˵ŮӸൽ׳ʲôǶͺˡ
֮Ůӱ׼Ҫٶȣ۾Ŀͦ촽̬̫Ҳ̫ݣҪոպã΢㡣ǶشƨԲֶһӶรĺԢ⡣
Сͱһ࣬òϲڹ곤Ů٣ϲСŮ
ؼⳤһ࣬ҲãʳΨһ׼ŷĹŮ
ŷǽÿɾͶˣȲϸ˵֮Ϊ£ʳ˶Ľи
Ǹ֮˵ʳţһḣ࣬뵽˸
ٰ˽һϻʺҪ󣬳úãֹ˳һǸʵ
ٴӱˡ

˾ſ˸һۣʺ͹ﶷҵˣʳˣʳǺйˣй˺йкййǹˡ
Ϊ̫ӵѡ˾޹ŮǱģʺﶼȫȨйͺййʳһʳ㣬˸ֿ⣬ʵҲǿң֪ҿ㡣
˾⻰ʵ򸣶͡
ЩҲø̬ЩԭƱֻǸ̫ѡ˾޹Ůʵϲûô򵥡
ʺѾã˵ʺռƣǻʺݣ̫ҲǸ򵥵ĽɫЩռʥ裬ͻʺͥ࿹
ʺ󲻿ö߻ˣõıԪ۵ĿںйֵԣԿֻŮ̫ӵ˾޹ŮʵԶֹ˼򵥡
ԸȥҵǲģһֱԸʺڹһֱų
ǵģһֱӽһѾ˴㣬ڹ쵽ӣͳ˼ȥ
ǰĹŮǲܳģ˹ʹҪһڻʹ̫ʺ֪͢Ůǵ࣬ŮʮɳңǸЩײ㹬Ůһ˿԰ȥϣ
ô긣һУΪ˳ҡ²֪˾Ҳ֪Żôһ˵
һȫˣһ˶ûбңһӶܳˡ
õԣ̫ӳ谮õһ֣͵ȵŮи֣պ̫ӵ˻СҲǸ
ľǼһڹܵ͢ȵ̫ӵǻһգ벻Լôһ˾޹Ů

ҪԹԹҰɣһĴ㣬ʳʱûгȰ衣˾̾һ
ɸȥԹ
ЩԹų˾˵ڣ
ǸСŮʱǱ˾ʳ֣ôˣûٴǳ˾Ϊʰ̯ӡ
ûûεˣῴѷǳ˾ҲĲѡ
ʳڳ˾жͬ˾Լжһ֮ҲйŮӶúãʳǸ̵ˣЧʳֵĹŮòЩطϹٲ£湬ŮӶüѡ
Ҳʳֱӻܹˡ
ûʳ֣ûнյʳ˾ţûʳͳ˾ţûнյĸҲֵܱ𴦣ҲΪͷͱȱϳ˹ʱյңڣıųΡ
һжศɵģʳֺʳӻôˣҪõʱҲøر
ҵԹܸǰ˵һñ˶֪ˣ֪Цµ
˾żô˵֪ǽʵˡ
ûʱ˭˵ܳɣйһֱźйߵĶʳרŽ׼͸¶
ЩԸ治ܻˣ
˾ҡҡͷҲû
ʳ㣬пģδû˼
йΪһֱ͢ûб̼Щ̫ȡԡ
һһÿһʵۺڳ֮ʱйֶѡƷΪȻЩԶԶӰŹŮʱĺûᡣ
Ҳϼ׽ֵˣڻô˭֪δֺ̼඼ôҲ̸˭˭ǻݻˡ
Ǹ̫Ӱ˾޹Ů
̫ʲôˣǴҲԺĻʵۣĺһ׽ֵˣδֽдĺô
ҲǺйΪλĸʳʳִĸ˾˵Ҫԭ
һһģܸš
ЩʱˣЩε֪ˣһɡ
˾վ
ͨʵڹǺó·
.
˾ųСԺӭһͷ١׻졢ɫȹŮӡ
˾͡
ʳ˾ֱ˾˾˾˾˾ҩ˾˾˾߶ΪƷŮ١
˵Σ˾ʵ
仹ЩԸ׻ǽˡ
˾˿ּ˾üȻѾˣ㻹ʲôģ
˾ű߱ǸĺӣҼǵսʱСŮڿޱӣѰʹŮʲôʱܳ˶̫࣬ҹڱޣ˯㡣Ϊˣ˵ҹ˯ãûֻᰤصķ
Լ룬ȷԼĿ꣬һǰ¶ȥûһ֮һŮӿֻüѣȥĥֱԷԸաӹټѣ֮ܽζٵˡ
˾ȻȻˣ㻹ʲôĵģ˱ʺڹ
˾̾˿
ܾЩΣһֱģȴΪʳΪңòԼĴ㡣


3 
Ƴǰ߲ĺǽ߸š
˾ͺͳ˾Ŷѣ֪ԸҲѾͷԺѵ塣
ҲҪ룬ͻСĶʲôԼǺã˱̣ûڹһͬĿˣӺùѵǲ֪ң
˾˵÷̾
ٽ̰飬޷˳˹ܹúõмˣеıһΣеļ˺ΪߣɷմʵɷģЩӹ졣
ڹŮ٣ҷģȴǽǵطֺγʲôõط̫ǸദҲͰգ˵
˾ҡҡͷѽǹңľѳۣ棬˼룬ôܰڶվȽŸǡ
˾ŵȻ
ҾһջԹҡ
⹬˽ԲףҲף㲻ףҲһÿ˶ÿ˵·Ҫߣ˭
⻰˳˾õĳĬ
.
һ֮ڣ˶˵ڹǺõĻ治֪Ǹÿ޸ǸЦ
ΣҲֻˡ
վǲİ
ôãһܻؼҡѳִСʱͲԺУͻȻȴˣֻʣãȻ
Ժмž˾ˣЩ˶ﲻðͷȻҲûҸĲʹ졣
һŷƣȥˮϴ
ϴϣ˵
ǹŷȥˡ

㲻ŵʱ䣬ŷȴƵġ
ȥ󣬲ŷˡ
ԭŷһ̫࣬һéٿڳͻͽһ·Ӱ̫ܳרŸԪš
Ҳжรֻһֺ֣׽öԷԸ´ӡ
һʼջѾͷһĻѧժˡвˡˣ֡
ǸԸˣʱӲڱϿժϴвҲԼһְ졣Ǹ⣬ҲΨһ⡣
󣬾ͿĹ㣬תڿ𣬹ȻĻ𲻹
Ҳû˵ȥǰ£ջͱ£ûǯľ
ʲôʱôʲôʱתС𣬸һ
ʦͽţҲһʱ䣬ͳĸˡ
Ĳˣһơ
һСϣʦͽŷСԲ˺Ⱦơ
ļأʡ
ͱȺСӳԸɺȾˣһʱͷûʣʣС߻ʣһĨ͡
ʧЦ
ʦֻ֪ĴڣС͵û졣
СӴ͸ˣÿζǱһȺ˳ˣƫƫһ˲زס͵ԵĹȻҲҿʦֻ۱ֻۣȻСӵӿɲù
ʦͽһһ١
һϵøɱòһˮ۵òϻƵŮһһӣһһһƲѾû˴롣
ʱ̧ȥ
˵Ϣˣ
ǿ¶ɥ顣
ʦҲȤң
ݰСͷˣҲһãȾƲԣЦЦʵڹҲã˻֪
Ѿǽô˵ˣؼ׽ˡ
ʦѵҲùⲻ繬ã
һۣ˿ھƣֻ֪ùǲŮͽġ
һ⻰ֿ
ռһӲ˽ڣֵҲͰգŮͷӿɲù꾰õʱŮʹˣйѹͷϣǸģ㻻ƺȣٸҲܡ
ʦؾ֪ŮҼҲùûˣ
Ƴһۣ죬˵֪Ҿ֪
ӣһӲù
ҡҡͷɫӵʦ֪Ҳ⣬ɵѾͷ͹ǲһģĹŮŮٶ࣬ȡůŮȻùȴΪŮֽĵ£ӸӷӣЩûô򵥡
˵ţֵ˵㣬֮ǰ͸˵ˣתŮ٣иҲ̯¡
ʵҲڣҪ֪£ֱӵŮˡ
ŮͨŮȺ壬͢ڹ٣öʮĹأǿǵ㣬һֱŵСŮ
һͷɥƲֵӣҪȥʳ˵˵
ܳƺ˵˻ǹʳ֮£ʮ˾̫̼̫࣬йµˣֺ߲á
֮Ȳ̼ܺ˱ţֶŮ٣ϲùŮϲ̫࣬һܼа඼ǻӣҪȨһûС
ȻΪλ⣬˵ʳˣʹλйʮأ̫Ů֮һֱ߶ԶύƽֻԼĻ
Щ֪ʦһͻˮ
Ҳһȣ´ûʲô±ʳ˸Ҫˣȥȥˡ
һȥɣǷµҪģؾ͵һζˡ
һƣҲͨˡ
ǽֲʲôɽ𺣣
¶ЦݣҲɶˣЦУͨͺãôˣܲͷѹ
.
˾һѸ
ǹŮǷɫ̰ǳɫȹӣƵĹŮЩ̫۵Ĵ塣
ŮѶǹƣôᶼй涨ŮȹЩ̫۵Ļ˵û˹ܵġ
ǸŷתӲŪЩͷȹܿʳֶһƬ֮⡯
Ȼȵڶʳ쵽й֣ĹŮϣÿ˴ѿһȴĲõС
¹ȻҲѡˣ봹ͷվںй
йͺйѵþһ˵Щ滰ӱǾԿǵжԵġ
ֶԼ˵Щѵ֮ԣҪĵ׹йֵ֮࣬ŸԪȥˡ
Ԫʱʺ밲ɢ֮ʱ
һɫ죬һⶼòɫǻǰӵȺԪ˳
йͺйĸŮһ˱ܣشվȴЩ˹ȥʱʱ˺￴ۡ
ʱһ߳ٲȻ֮ǰĹƣ߻Ů̫ࡣ
ȴĹͻȻͣ½Ų￴һۡ
йй
ԼйͺйȻװĬǰʰ
Цʵλйôô룬ѵʲô²ɣ
֪ʣΪŮȴܲ𣬺йԼ˵˵⡣
һۣԭǸ̫ӵѡ˾޹Ů˵ţƣơ
Լæǰ
λйŮ٣ɼ򣬹ŮȴУǽԹڽбְ봹ͷվӡ
һĿӸͷϻ
۽ֻܿԷһʮʯȹȹ¶һЬ⣬׺һ˶飬£ϵȵ顣
ڶԵúᣬȴЬϵװΣݳ
̧ͷ
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4 
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5 
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6 
淳ˡ
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ϲۣǰϲǻԭ򣬺ŷҪöˣ֪Ů֮ĹĶǣԼ֮乴Ķǡ
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˱ΪҪʼԼĲˣ˭֪չȥһ㶯Ҳޡؼ˵ؿ˱ĹҲ࣬Ը²ҪߣСԺɡ
ΨһøֵҵǣСӸţû죬Ҳ;ȴĴá
֮ԱûܴΪ̫ӲϲЩˡ


7 
ò˵ˡ
֪˼˾޹Ůͼų¡
Ҫ˵ûǼٵġԪ۶ӣҲǳӣΪӵ걻Ϊ̫ӡ
ȥӹڷǰأ滹λʵܣڣСһ̺꣬ˡĻС꣬Ҳ檡ʵܣʮģҲ˾޹Ů
꣬ĸѪʢ
ֵ֮꣬ƫƫܽϣ˵Ĺ֮£Ҫͼ˾޹Ů˾޹ŮǸʲô֮ӣᣬ˫ȫȻ
һᡢ֮ӣĸԸܱ˵İڲ
±ţ
ûԱֳūü£ѡš
̫ӵ²ϣūô죿
ΡСϲӣûݣӺʵһС̫ҡҡͷͻȥˡ
ٶ̤ʵµĻعԭλ鰸һ
ʲôȥˣ
СϲŵòûˤʺæסӶЦūųȥ»յ衣
أ
û谡Сϲź׸Ц衢Ȼˡ
бһۣΪ²֪ȥʲô
͵ûɫСϲ`˹ȥ
ʵܹҲҲΪ˵ºá

Сϲ˵ýͰͣʮµ¾Ҫˣǵʱ򡭡
Ͻ±죬СĹȥӣŭ
Сϲӵ֨ˡ
Ϊ¾ȥˣСϲӸ߶꣬λү˼Ҳ룬֪¼ãԽλүԽ淴˭֪ܹȥԪ˺ʵ
ʵһƬѻȸСϲӺ޲ðԴ
ػصزŲӣָŵĳ誣ȻѾŭ¡
ܺãܺ㣡ǹǲ˵ģΣ
誰봹ͷ˻ʺ¡
顯һ죬ȴһ߷¯
Сϲӱŵһ飬̧Ŀͼŭڴ󲽳誶ȥȱͳ͹ȥˣСϲæ˹ȥסȡ
£ӣʹãϢŭ
һק誵½󣬽Էӵ˫Ŀ𣬡˵һΣĸѹ£
誱½бģǱȴʮƽ
һ֮Ҵ̫ӣϲŭɫݲȣΪ;ūһʱ֮ԣ÷ҡū¼飬ҪΪʼҷãã̫֮λȹ̣ڼҷ¡
ǰ˼۾۾
һڼҷǰŹʱô˵ڼҷˣ
ҲΪ˵ºá
һҲΪ˹ºã
Сϲӱŵʹ飬ȥס
ܹ˵ˣϢŭ
Ȼŭ£ƫƫСϲ˶ϣҲӲץץֻһӿ誡
ãã㣬ãûָų誡
Сϲӿ޵£Ϣŭºú˵ǧŭ
ˣŭ
Ǵ桭
ʱѾӵִԼĺɴڣһͨŪգǸ̩ɽһ˿Ķܹ̫ࡣ
֪ôȻҲģ֪һУΪ˵¡

֪ʱѾϢȥˣֻʣСϲӶˡ
Ĭڳţ˻ԭеƽӲţ·ľ
һԼʮ꣬ǳɫӰ׻ĹŮ˽
СϲӼ˶Էæһ£վӭùá
ӣδת
ӭʳнСϲӣǰ
»ڸܹ
һǰߣһȴƫƫ֪ʡǲӭûת¡
ùôˣ
ӭЦ²֪ūΪζôˣܹߺ³ֱܹ̫ŭ˵£ū澹һˣūʱﻹרū澴˸⡣
׻˵ֲЦˡ
ҲӭųˣԷǸū澣δԷū澿ٿԷִʳ˳Ī˴롣
ȵأҪ³ȳԡ
ҳԲ¡
̫˸󣬿ҲǸˣƫƫͯһ㡣ӭûסЦ۾¶ôˣô
ûǳԲ¶ѡ
˵˵ȥǳ˵
˵ӭ̾˿֪²ϲū澻Ҫ˵һ䣬Ϊãū誣һһֻΪºõġ
ͱҲɪгֻϧ֮˳⣬εĸ֮ˡЩ˼ڵϣ˵ĸףʮ»̥ѵ£ܲΪ˵ºã
ɡ
ⲻĿģҲԺˡ
˹ϵӭĵ۾ӲͻЩŲ壬ʲôҲû˵
ӭҲ֪ʿɶֹĵûټ˵ȥǲ⣬ַ⣬뿪
߳˱ڵ⿴ȺѾõĳ誡
˽£ߺһˡ˵ţ˳һ۵ҲˣʢʱҲҪػЩǶͷӲ
ĬĬػػء
ӭγ˵̫ԽԽѾǰܷƾţ̫̫ģÿһ¶źá
һҪţһԸţĸ֮ͻҲȰʵȰˣֻ
ˣȻҪȥЩ
˵ţͼСϲӴӵܳˣӭԳʹ˸Цɫæˡ
Сϲǰܹܣ¡
.
˯˽
ȥŷּ˶ˡ
üҲû˵ʲôһ¡
ǽֻܳԱӾУʲôҲġ¿˸һۣ
վߣæȰ춷ʱ򣬶Ҳܶ⣬Ҳ⼸ˣһ仰ûУҲ˵ѵǾôһֱڷʲô취룿
ʲô취Ϊû뷨Ҹ׻ûлᣬЩС̫඼ҡӵȻ˾ʮûӣɫЩѿ
ԥҸ²࣬˸ŵСӣҸ˴˼Ҷҡ
˷˲׼ǽӴˡ̾˿Ƶһһģĸüأ
ָָԼң˵ֻܳԱӾˣʲô
Լ˵Ļü
һƺҪæʱǱˡ
øǶ˵վˡ
һߣ¼ʣҲʲôϢģվҲˣȻҲסˡ
һӣȴ޼գ篱ùǺ
ʱ鷢תܹܾȥ˱
ȥ·ϣǵ̫ȥ˶Щ˵ŭ˵£˭Ȳǡ
˼̫ģأȻҲ˲øˣһ·Сؽ˶˱
Ϊ·̫ţҲ̧ͷĴ˵һƬžĿ֮˶ϢŪü˸սս
һͨ߹հһãֱ۴ֵ̨ȼյõƻͨвüݻ֮£ɴᣵʹԼһ˵Ʈ
˹
ΪͷҲʲôˣֻ۽мǰıǰһ˫ѥӵĽš
ʶ̫ӣ˲ǽš
£йĹŮ˺ūר˵̹ضǼõġ
һԵСϲӰпࡣ
ܹ˵˹غã˵šĸĸǰ͵¸պǼܵĹŮ
ȻҲˣЦˣлмߣ˵ĻȻ
˵ϻʲôֱ˵ùһ
誻ǸҪҲɡ


8 
µһϡ
뷢֪ƥûã㲻誣ҲԷԸ˵⻰ǹҲɡ
ʲôˣֲ֡
ɫһĪ⣬漸Ů䲻֪ΪֶԻö˼ܹ˵ҲУ֮࣬һܸ߳кãȻͷ
߳Ϊ˼ãȻһˡ
ãȻ֮ʣͻȻһ
̧ͷ
ɫӲСϲæû˵ˣͷ̧
ĸ绨ĹŮ̧ͷòҲ۵ס
䲻ǣɫи
оĿͶӹºæڳģԼһչָ̫ӣ
ʶƤ黹Щӣ˵ѾߵˣԸ񣬾͸뾳ףûҪҪ衣
ڱϳòˣҲ󣬱ʵֵ·ߣ˵ܲ·
˲ûз׵ĿͻȻЦ誣˵ĹغõĹŮ

һͷˮҲãȻΨСϲаſࡣ
ͷԱһһĿɨ
СϲӣǷϵ⼸ŮôЩ죿
Сϲɫû©вֻװģشս˿ԥūūϵá
߳誣⼸ŮĹغòã
Сϲû취ֻ˵
СϲӿĿİ˵誵ɫ˫Ŀؿ򸣶ˡ
Ůɫ䣬ɪɪȫ亹ʪо޷ֻýҪͷ
ȷӦ뺰ԩѣԱͻȻһ˱ס
ôˣôôູ
£̬֮û˿ĽǶȣһֻȴвڶԷϣҪЮ׼˵
ĵδҲ̫СЩ̾飬ôʲôܹ壬
˵Щɬ˽ͣëˣһ¾̱˵˻
һ仯ӦӲϾ
СϲӰ죬⹬Ůڸʲô
ʱȴԳ誾һݡ
ܹλ˵Ȼֻһ֣ΪԶƺĻҲֻƬūǸŮҲһδ֪ȫòҲ˵ûµȥҪ¶϶
۾˵
յʵū澼һЩС²ЩС硭
ſںһС£¸޾ֲ˽ɶûϵ˵ţԲԲС¶Щɬ飬ŮұССЩڽǶģһֶͺˣʵ㲻
СϲǣȻ˵òϸֻ˵̫ײ˼ŮܴܵľǡǡֲϸŻ¹ΪŮҵС硣
䱻죬ڹô꣬Ҳɵӣ篸ɵֲֻ޾֣֪⡣
ˣ
նصͷˡ
Цˡ
Ǵô˵
СԲԩ֮ɫū澵ûܣ篵ˣū澷ʱСҲˤˡ
Ϊο޺
ͷָ篡
篲æūūˤˣŻޡ
ţ˵Ϲ£ˤÿɺˣŶˣūҲˣǰղźá
¶һ˿ǳЦݣζؿ˼һۣ丣תͷ£Ůż춷С£ūż˵ûصˣСϲˡ
˸˵Сϲᣬֱ˵ǸϹˣ
⹬ŮˣҲˣ
ԲŮΪɺޣ͸ˣУͻȻǴҪ˵ĹŮ죬ɿС
֮ǰ˵ºͳܹ֮ܶȴֻݳ誣ҲǶų˵·ƶ˳誻Ǵ»СС»ˣ
Ϊλǣ
Ϊ誾ǹҲ߼ˣ뱣⼸Ů
෴ֻܴӸλ湬˵һЩ鲻̫˽⣬˵
ǰСϲӹڶ࣬˵ú壬һСŮץ©ô˵Ϲؼܷ
һ̫ӣСŮֱûдܣСϲӳ˵̫ӵ棬ǲܲ£Ž֮ڡ
ڵã˺˵Ϲ
˵˵ȥŮĴ
˸һۡ
ӴĿ⣬һ£һʵɵģ
ʱֵȻᣬǾˡǼ˶Ϊµ˾޹ŮԺ󵱽С
ǡ
һΣ˵ͬ

СϲҲ˿Ȼ֪ͻȻΪʲôΪ˽޵£ƫƫͷʺ֪ˣѲ
ҿԲŮ飬˵ϹӲת˾棬ҲǾһأȴмһִŮǸ֮С
˶ΨһģԼֻ
ֱֹ챻ըˡ
ƫƫʱ۾ˡ
ŭЦĿڹǵĸϡ
ɡ
˵꣬ﳤȥˣ¼ŮǶͷȻ֪Ǿ䡮ɡָ˭
ֱ誱ζؿ˸һۣȥʰʰٹ֪еľȻǸ
.
ǲǹģ㷽ͻȻסң˵ǲǾǹڵǰ֣±ʵ
ƿ
Һ֣㷽Ϊβ˵㡭
篵С㣬֮ǰ²Źȥǲܷ
ʲԸѹ޺޵صŸ˵ǹģ
ﱾͷ꣬Լˡ
űһ𣡷ǲ뺰ԩƸ篣ƸԸ᲻ʳˣ
Ȼᣡ
ڵºͳܹǰ˭ܵǣǸ篶֣һʼģǰס
Ц۾һһʱܲܲܲҲܲҪ׷װ޾ǣִ㣬Ǳʳ֡з֡йһûܡðְѺййǣʲô³Ųţڶ³Ҳã
±Ƶˡ
ǹ֣ھ㣬ȴҶѣ
ˣһϷš
ܻʲô˼ҪǸм
תͷһתݡ
ҲˣǰС˵ûôãȫˡҲð˺ܴķգû·ɫѡ˸Ҳ
µ
.
ûͷ㡣
ǼƲȫˣΨ©̫ӡ
ʱѾ˲ˣҧֻǣˣԽʰ̫ƺϲǣܹǵ̬һء
ǧ㣬û㵽̫ӱľôء
Ȼû̫ѡ裬ʧ棬ָȻʲô
͵ţ˸С̫໽
ȥʲô
ԡ¡
ŷӦųܹΪԼȥʰʰʰǼ٣֪ǼŮûףȥ˵档
ض˱һзУﲼƺרԡµĵط
ǰСŮʱŮһ̸˵ô̱µġ
߽׵ҲͰգͨȥǵĹǣǵͽͻᱻ¶ޡ
ͨǱȷӣϾͻСȥȵطҪȥƫԡ£޵ޡ
ƺܼ򵥣ʵϲǣϻвɾȾʵۣͨרŵ˷ԡ
֪һԡĶЩ֣Щػ֪ϧ񣬹ԡʱԿ裬һ㶼ҪЩô˺ôЩֲŻ㡣
ЩǸ˵ģЩ󣬵Ӧġ֮ǰû뵽ԼᱻУʱ쵽ط¡
ʱС̫ǶûйŮԼԡɣϴɾЩɱ˵¡


9 
̫Ͳ󣬹ҲǱ˷ԸҪô˵ģһķ
һ㶣ҲûסĨ֬æ˵ͷ
С̫ȥֻʣ˸һˡ
ԡͰˮѾõģˮﻹЩ꣬ƮŵĻ㡣ڹôִܹ꣬ɴʱ飬˲Щ
ϴ϶ǲеģС̫ȥûԶš
ҧҧѵѣԡͰ
ˮ¶ˣǼǵĻ㣬
̫ѡޣ˵Ϊ˳йΪ̫ӣע棬ӦҲֵֶ̫Ρ
ûŷ˼棬³Լֱ棿˲ѶԸ
ô룬ûôˡ

⴫С̫ѯŷԼϴʱЩˡ
ѣȥš
С̫ģһ㶡
޻Ǹ׼ˣ
֪ȻС̫е㼱ȥһԵļ𼸼ѡ
ʲôѣһ㱡ɴƬŸͿˣȫû뵽ѡ
һҪ
Ǹı̫죬Сֺ̫СеŤ潻㴩
㿴ҿ㡣
С̫켱ˣæ𼱣ȥ
.
ȸٳһˡ
Ҳ֪˭׼ģһǶһ㣬ټһ㱡ɴǶǶõĲ̫ʡҲûǵĳߴ磬϶۶ͷֵͣ֫¶档
ƫƫǲɴ̫ûûʲô𣬷Щڰڵζ
Բ𪣬ƽʱſɵĹŮ˫٣СʮĴʱŵԳƽʱµķΣ˼Ůӵġ
ôഩһǲܴѵġС̫༱
£½󣺡ҿ޵һξ룬ôȥ
ǵȻ޵ǵðˣҪ˿ҪܷҲҪܷ
ֻܴӦ
.
µ죬ʹҲ䡣
Ҳ֪ãʲôܾ쬵ģһ·ͷС̫ߡ
޵СϲӴڵ߳˸һۡ
ȥˣǵùЩ
ĿãȻǵøŸɵ¡
͵͵һ䣬ںȥǷ̫ͻȻסʹʹҪˡ
һҧˣںȥˡ

޵ᣵʹ̴򹬵ƾųλɫĹâ
СϲվסְʾϽ£æ
۽⣬ܿǰһˡ
Էû˵ҲҶعš
һЩ̲סˣ̧Ƥ˶Էһۡ
Ǽ̫ӵģȴԶԶƼء
ֻǵöԷܸߣÿ߶ӵˡ
˵̫ӵ³οʱƼ̫οˣɫá
վ
һ飬һۣʶ⻰̫ӶСϲ˵ġ
СϲӸЦȥˡ
ֻʣˣӵһۣɶԷҲ˹˸š
֪ˣˣ
ȻǸСģ
빬֮ǰòʵһ˳ԵСŮ빬ԵĿ࣬ԹȻ֪ԸС۵ˣͲӲܡ
ǶԷȨλʱʵϴ;֮лᣬٱҲ
ū֪ˡС
Ц֪Ķˣ
˵ūĶˣū澱Ķˡ
Цˣ֪ĶˣֻƲˣ

޳ָ˵űߵλá
ɫһ䣬ﲻȥ´ŭó޷ʰԥϢ߹ȥ¡
С̧ͷɫ
֮ӣū澲һССĹŮ򲻸Ҵ˼ġūĶˣ˵²ã¾ܷū澱ǣū澾ԹԣҪԼ
ͷС쵹ͦ˵
ϵū澲ǻ˵ūô룬ֻ尲̩ǧū
˵һϲģʱһʵӣܻˣ˽µӣҪƭˡ
ʱŶô˳ͳĵ֮ǰжôɶ
һ뵽֮ǰһм˵ʲ̫ӣ֮ǰ˵Ϲģ
ǲǾù̫ӣøСŮƽϣհװģ޳ָ˶ûסȥĿʲôȫ֪Ϊܻ¡
Լ࣬Ƕ⣬СʱܱšҲˣû˸ͷ϶
ֲֻ֣ܷԼһѣˣȦҲˡ
ū֪ˣԺҲˣū澡
˵ϡ˵ʲ̫ӣĵأ
һ顣
Ϊֻ̫Σⲻ֪˼ʱˣֲ֮ǰ˵Ϲ̫ͷ϶
ūǸ˳ܣһʱڲԣū澵ĴĪ
㲻˵ûܣһʱڽǣ
ܹôףūҲ±Żᶷ˵˻ѡء£ū澰ɣūԺҲˡ
СţƴСǿ޵ģҪͶҪ޹ж޹
´дū澼ƽϡ

ӣ̫ӣô۸һŮӣ
ǸŮԼ۸ҲЩ˼ˡɤӣ֪ˣ
ͷ絷⣺֪ˣū֪ˡ
һۣܾʵɵ»ʲôôŹޡ
ŽҪӦȥҪ𽵹֣ȻѳĻڹ¾㡣
ȸϲ⣬ֵ⣬Сӣ¾ͷ´ţСʹ롣
ǴУֻҪܲҲ磬˵ˣһ϶С
ⲻ֪ǡǡʹ⣬ҲƣģؾôţŸ
ҵæڳʵ˳̬ȡ
˼£Щôôľµֲľͷģ
ȡ
ֵⴷһ󡣡
˱죬Ҳҷֻġ
һΣˡ
ɻûã־Լô̫ۣܣȻҪôô㽫ֻŲϣ뿿ϡ
ˣȴ
û̫ƣֻܴһߵȲ˵ŲӣŸ첲ʵ
ûһЩҡҡ׹ˣ˵ⶢһߴҲ
һۣõ׼ʵЩ
ȻʵΪʲô
Щ˼Ȼ̻¶ͷæڳɵģ˵ͷʾ
ӵ
ˣᣬվһȣǰ˹ȥ
֮ǰһֱţǻҲûʲôѣʱôͻȻ˵ϡ
һվһƣ㹻ǲ㱡ɴɴѩ׵ı۰ϸ֫Լ֫Ǹߡ
࣬·Ƶģһѽ˿ԼҲ˱ܡ
㴩ʲôѣ¾֪⹬ŮûģŹ£
ԩˣίūԡʱ˸õģרŷԸū澾͵ô
ǳƥ¶
ʱҲʶԼʧ̬ˣæָƣȴİ뿿ţΣ
ˣ
ίصͷūҲ봩ûˡ
ˣ
˸ؿ˸һۣ֮룬ʲôģҧɣǵò׼£
ֱӰԼȥźãû뵽ôˡҲ˵ʧңӵ
׼վ
ΪǹԼֱ񣬲ʶԷԼǡ
Ϊѣ
ͷԼһʱҲЩ࣬££ɴ½󣬸޼¡
㡢㳶Ͻ
æҵˣ齡
齺ҲûҶ˳عڴǡ
ӷ¡
ЩɻΪҪӣôԸˣҲֻȥ
ӷ£šſüɫ粻
´ŭͷҲȥԷ
Ȼػ˸üƣžƽţֳıԼסֻһ˫С档
Ǹ´ţ׼öĵط
ǡ


10 
ӷºƺؾʣһΧ硣
ƹսѾ΢ˣҲԵЩ
طСξͻŴ󣬸Ǽⶼǵζ̫Щ֣ƺӸŮӲһҪһЩ
ҼҲһСȾģʹЩӲ⣬Ҳţ̫ӵȴӲġ
˵̫ӻ䣬ҲĻǼٵġ
ŵ£Ѿ̫ݸ߹󣬵ûйһЩǵĻϰԡƺ̫ˣЩɳ嶯ΪԼһڽӣû뵽ҲͷԼȡ
Ǳ߱۾ƺѾ˯ŵ̫ӣܾǰ˾ŶԼ˵һЩ
߹ˣǲ̫ūţ˵ǻͬܣվūǵأǵĳʶѧʶͺ̫ʧݵ¡һܷһдȱ֮ĵӣ⽫عµĸ̫ʺôһˡ
ùΪλ̫ʺ󣿡
㲻һֱû̫ʺ󣬿ûйŮʮܳĸ˵Щ̫ǻǻǵͷϣ˵Щӳ졭

ѾЩˡ
̫ӵ̫Ӳôһֱʵᡣ
ͷһֱûжͣЪһ˭֪ͣǱ߾Ͷһ¡
ЩΣС£㻹û˯Ű
Ƶƿӣ￴
ǲǵŹ˯˺͵
ɫãǸСۡ
ū͵أ²ͣūǲͣġ
˺ߣ㻹
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߽ԡСϲӸںˡ
ʵΪ飬ʲôÿ˶ôһ⣬ū䲻ˣҲ֪Ǵ¡
ٺЦţЦüΪ
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˵СϲѾʶԼ˵ˣûټ˵ȥ
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㲻˵û˵ưͣ


11 
ȥ˯ˣһֱ˯Ͳ
ҪЩˮϴ裬ҹûطŪˮˮ¡
򿪷ţ˭֪վŸˡ
Сӣ
㣬ϲˡ
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СϲɵϲɫȻǹϲͷ񶫹˿ɶ֪ˡ
ͷ
ֵֹģܾ˵·̫Ӿǻ¥ĹҹҲơ
ʲôùϲġ
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ͷһͺЩɲһԺͶˡ
һӣˡ
ʲôһ
ȻһСӼԼ˼Щż룬ͷһܸһ𣿡
ʲôһģʧЦ
϶һñ˵֪Ǳµͷһ꼸˾޹Ůһ̵֣ͷͷŮȱµǻ˹˵֡
Ҫ֪λɱȱ´˺ü꣬ûˣҲû´ʱҲûɡͷһݵĸǸ˲һģиõ裬Ժòĺô
С˵ÿĭɣ⡮ͷһݡĶ˵񣬸ЩΪȻȴûɡ
֪ɵġ
ﴫҪ̫ѡ˾޹Ů˽¹Ůǰ¶ˣ˼ܳɵڶɵġ
ɸȴЩףⰲɵڶʲôõġ
ѵ˵һûôã
˵ЩʱС˵ϲɫȴûоϲһӰ֮С
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ðɣȻͱ̫Ӵһ꣬㣬һ궼ûҲʹ·ݡɴǴ󰡡
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ҪʲôӰžǡСӲΪȻ
.
ʱˮˡ
С̫ģˮ̧˸ԡͰ
ҪһͰˮϴһ±գǼﶼûԡͰ֮ǰôϴģ˭֪ȴ˸ԡͰ
ؼС̫رڣЦеģԡͰźλãˮԡͰʱ˵ˮ̫಻õȻǻʰ
ˣٵˮˡСһˡ
һСָָ̫ԱߵľͰЦеصͰﶼˮǾˮˮӽȥǡ
ôȫЦ
㲻ʲô
С̫໹˵ʲôСӲųȥˡ
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ȻˣСЦϽ߰ǣۣ
ȶߺСֽ
ؿ˰ɣЩСĿһǮûڵģ
ǿߣҲСΪԼǰ˱֡
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻεЦЦµʱԲסС˿

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䷿һߵĶԱ߼û©¡
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ʶʮʵ˶ϲԼȻա
Сʱ͸¶һϢ
ʳƸˣһȡ
ǰСԺʱǳԵͨŮ̫ǳԵţŲ󱻸Ϊһһء񸣶űĳĲһпˡ
Сӵ˵ǰӵĴ
Ժ֣͵ȵŮҲһйϹĵķ
ƺΪӡ֤˵˼̫࣬Щ
ϸ޲ƥƥһ黨޻䣬ԼһЩ֬ˮۡ
ζԺԲٴŮˣҲ˫٣԰֮磬ϻǹŮȴֲͬͨĹŮеͨѾͷ
֮ǰ»ֻܱ᲻ǻЩ̲סˣûõȥҸ鷳Ⱥ篺ͱ
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ôƺֹһˣΪٽʱ˶СҪˮԡ
Сǰ˺ôȥ죬žͰϢ߸ˡ
ĬȻҲе棬̫ӿɻޣ
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˯ˣֻǼ컹ûڣǿŵȥ˯ˡ
ͬĴ˵ȹܹʱ䣬ֵȹʱһֱ˺ʱݵĵƻЩĵš
һ䷿űĴ򿪣˴˳
⹬ƵĹƹ⣬ӰЩСģڸճʱԼӰһվվסš
ͷԱ߼ƣмĵѾϨˣ¶ɬɫּĵƻţĻصϷš

ðţѾˡ
˿ɫȥ䳡һˡ
£춼ˣôͻȻҪȥ䳡Сϲӵ
Ƴһۣ½һ飬ûţЪ֮ǰȥЩ
Ǿˣи˾޹Ů̶ãΡαȥ䳡
ʣµĻб
ٻ࣬¾Ͱ͸誣ȥ
Сϲӵ˵ˣԴں档
䳡Ѿʱˡ
䳡λڶ˱࣬һٹž͵ˣƽʱ߶·ƫƫȥʱߵĶߵ·ʱߵࡣ
СϲӱЩɻôߵֱյɫƣʶʲôط
ⲻǼ˾޹Ůסĵط
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ԣһĵϨˡ
ĸŮӶûЪЪ
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Сϲæˡ
ҹɫУ䷿ĵưţһֱ˺ʱϨ˵ơ
СϲӻȥʶϨ˵Ƶ˭Ϊλա
˻


12 
˯̫¼ڶʱûʲô
Ǹ˯üãһ޾ɡ
ˮϴʱƼݹģݺݵصһۡ
о˾ˣüʲôû㡣
ţ
ʲôˣ
ЩĪԱ߶篺ͱһۣ¶ӵı顣
ȥСš
Сӻ˻֣ͬС̫ȥʳУʳҸ
öʢȺءҵȵʱСӹʢһңŴúܡ
һŲģСʳȥŷ񣬿ͼʳĶǺõģһ㶼ǸʱµģŷзݣǰôŴճԵ㣬Ҳһ
ӹʳУЦеСһۣ˾ģЩˣµʱʧ
СĿһ˵ʲôҶԽãΪҺãշңǲ֪ҴС빬ҲԹٿ࣬ôˣҲͺͽͶԵ
С߶߶˵Щ̾
ʵ˼˼Ҳ
ߴˮʹ̫಻ͬŮŮʮֻ̫ܳһӴڹʹǸ߲ȵ͵ĵطֻڸߴиڵʹֻɲС̫಻ߡ
СΪζԸڣ
Ǿǰ;
ǮעܲܳɽԿ
ЩߵĵĸҲһĸҲ΢ĩʱŻպķ⡣
˵ôһ䣬СӣﲻԤڣС߶߶˵ǰ˵ͶԵǲڱģͬʱһ㡮ͶԵĲԵûôˡ
óС˾ĵģ̾һҲû˵ʲô
Сڵذѷóϡ
һ˿࣬һ۰ӣһڵ˪׸⣬һɽҩ⣬һ˿
ǰСӰ︣緹ˣ֪ĿζģѡȻҪѡ̿ڣҲ֪ķѡöࡣ
˪׸óСӡ
԰ɣŷԱˣ͸ͬ顣
СӵлЦаѵӽӹ
ˣȥܳȥֵ
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ʳֿ
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ʦͣʦСˣڹ⣬ĸƫƫڹøͷϻţƵĸš
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ʦĻЦˡ
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ůӴбһСƬյϣݵ̫һСϣ⽫ĿյЩǹɴȰȴǲɡ
һģһСӡ
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ףԱ߿š
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ΪҪΪҪôӵһУΪҪĻǣûϣƫƫѾҪʼˣ
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.
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Ƿºͱߵúܽü˻മš
ķģɼȥ̫ӲûޣҲûƺ˵ʧ衯ˡ
һҲûôˣƽ
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룬̫ԺޣҲûϵ˵깣гŷһأ
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ⲻ֪ӹңһȴˮ֮䡣
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ȻҪͨ£һȻģ誰񽻸СϲӣһαһΣһαѵһΡ
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ؼǸиĹŮ̫ʶȤÿϨϨô磬Ѿż䳡ˣûһŵƵġ
ûôʶȤĹŮ
ô˯
СϲǸǸŤͷȥô򸣶ˡ


13 
ΪҪʱϨƣѵʲô˵
˵ĻЩҲЩɻ
ӶûЪūЪòԼݰɣ
Ǹʮ̫࣬һݳͷߣ˵е⡣
ϨƸʲôϵʱϨƶҹˣδҲЩ̫˰ɣǰ˯ϰˣһʱ˯ˣ
Է˲ʶȤӡ
֪ǹʲôԢ⣿

Ϊյ
ô֪
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ʱͻȻˡ
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14 
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գһ磬Ҳ΢΢ˣǻ죬ŵʱڹ¡ˣҪ
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15 
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㿴ˣ϶ڱʲôԼġ


16 
һðգ˺ູܶ
Сϲӿɥһôȵ죬ôĳʳƵӾ͵ϻ
Ѱ˼ȻҪҪȥ̫ҽԺõȵҩȥ̫ҽԺȻҪǿ϶Ҫʡ
뵽Թص˸һۡ
Ϊޣû뵽͸˸š
Цеġ
СϲһɥȻûһת֪ʲôС̫˿ҲΪ̫ϴɢȣתȥ˲跿
ҲиССĲ跿רˮġ
ûʲôõĲ裬͹Ů̫ǺȵĴֹ裬мƽʱȵġʳִ衣
ЩˣͨĲ⣬ЩɹɵɣաԼϸɺִ󺣡
̫ǰûԹôڵģƬӵֶץһѳ
һɾջһִ󺣣ЩƬѰһƽʱŮ̫ǺȲõĴϴ˰Щȥùˮˣһ
Ųص
ʱѾˮϴˣʪģСë޵ģԽԵòڣִһڲסɬ
۾ͶϣȻҲûǿֲͦڵĲ
ϣЦˣºϼյ׼ٶҲĶ̹
ʲô裿˵ô񣿡
ȥץס֡
̣ùˮݵġ
ôһʲôòյݣһҲˡ
Ƴһۣ㶮ʲô
ڣʶԼˣ϶ҪԼ󵨵ʲôģ˭֪û˵ʲô
Сϲһ԰ʾΪĹŮҪ
ȷʵû֪·Ҫȥ̫ǰô˵˻Щ̫ӵԸ֪һ仰ŭˡ
ʵҲûЩǵļӣԼҲ̣Щˡ
룬ȥǡ
ٻʱ˸裬Ҳ֪˭ķӣŪǺİ״ɺڱͷ
ôⷨӲɣ
£ôõķӶ뵽
Щ˼΢΢ƫߣ򶨵
һУ˵Щˣöˡ
ҷ˺ܶɹɵĿƬٷЩǽȥô̫ࡣ
ڲſϣ졣
ֻ֪Ͽ˳ԣ֪ݲ衣
ǸСū澹ϲģʱԶϻ𣬾ͻɣտϺִݲȣ𼫺á
ͷִǲҩܳԵģִˮȣȣӹΪ֪Сϲӵû顣
ǶУֻ˻ΣٵһѾûôˣ衣
СĿࡣ
иѣֻһڡüȻܿ࣬Ҳûôࡣ
һ
Ȼǵľǲúȣζ˵㣬ǻظʣ塣
˸һյ裬ԱЩ
ƺˣյ
ȰգʱйȥˣûǶʲôࣿ
ˣĺܱŤеıŤɬ߾ʴӶеıŤڽʱ־ǿ˿ˣĲ͸롣
ɸĵ˾޹Ůûһ֣ǰǲԼܡʱ˺֮Ҫôѹ磬Ҫôѹ磬һҪȥǨͶԷ
ӲǸǨͱ˵ˡ
ʱǨ㣬ҲĲ
Աô
ͻһ䣬Щͷԡ
Ա˾ͻ᷸ƽʱ˯ô
µȻ˯
ūھЩˣԵ¾ͱϸū澵ˣ˵ֲ档°
˼˵棬Ϳôôü
û˿ѵԼﻹðģǶ۰
²ˣ
գգۣ²ˣ룬ūǰװģװһʱװһôʱõ·ҵĿ»᲻ҵū澿ɲ۾
û˵СϲӰ
ƺеһۣվȥ
ˣѴʰ£Ҫ˯
.
Ҫ˯Ҫ˯Ĵһ˯
˯ûгɹ˵û˯Ǵ˯Ǳ˯
ڵ˶죬һθܣڶֲֻϽ¡
ûͷƵģ·ڸ˭Ͼ
Ķϣ
п࣬ʵܲסˣ̵ֽ
κЧܿѹýǺˮѹϣ˿
£˺öູ
ؽϵĺˮϣֲˡ
£㲻ϴһ£
û
ˣҪһ£Ȼ̫ܡ
ˮȥԼϴһ飬ɾӣˡ
صߣűƿģڱ
ôսֻͺˮʪĴͱ졣
£ϴһ°ɡ
ƺƤƳһۡ
²붯ô£
ūĸ°
㿴ˣʱͻԳū澣ƽʱҵġ
ĹŮ
ôвڷֻˣյвҪū澿ɱˣ
Щ󣬷ûӦͱƿˡ
Ǳɲš
֣ǵȾˣûˡ뵱ܽʳ֣ΪСܱ̳ӣ
Ҳ˵ϻˣǰȥ
һ磬һ
ûףʩΪ
Ȼ潫ˡ
ƺ
Ų֪ɣҵŮΪСʱ̫ܳˣ˳һ룬ҳ뻹ȻҲǹûôҴСʹ󡣡
Ҳˣųһףһ˳뻹ʳĲҡҪ֪Ů˶èθгôģֻǴעˣŻԡ
μˣò棬ǲ档
һֻèס󾱵СèӽðֱȴֿƲסض˼ֽš
ɺͳŹ
šЦеģ㶼ūҪ㱧ȥ档
˵䣬Ѿ
λúܴ󣬳˷˸ԡͰ⣬иӣͭˮѾˣǽ߻һͰõˮ
̫ӷ¡
վȣһѽ˹ס
ĹŮڿô
ôôɣ
ôģҲŸϴɾ
ϴһ顣
˵ţմطſ
ҧгݡ
ΪȻһۣӸһӡ
̹²ϴ
ֲû֡
ʲô㶼˵̹£㱾֡
¾۸һСŮ¡
۸㣿
ô۸
Ǿ۸ˡ
գŪˮƣ˳ȥ˯£һ˯ڲѡ
Сϲӵľսľֱ涯ͣˣ˿
СϲӰ˲ȻǶԵġȻЩõģǰҪüһͽˡ
.
ڸڶߡ
һٶ˶ܲ졣
⻹û꣬̫Ӽû¾ˣҲͰգҹ˶ʮֳԾ
µ˼ʵ۾ˣؼ񶫹Ҳ˲óˣС̫Ϣ˼Ҳǣ˵Ǹεó裬˸ʲô
Сʱͷͦ׼ʱģĶ䷹衣͸һ԰ӣ⣬ҲǾ仰߶
ȴȻһЦ
֮ǰӭҹ˵յºƢ£˵̫γ谮ǸŮ˵ʺ￹顣
Ȼ᲻ʶȤȥ棬˵׵»ᣬ˵׵ԽԽˣΪ̫ӹ֮£Ⱥӿ볯йķӿȣһʲô
.
Īͳ˳檡
ðɣڻ檣ֻ澡
һ쵽ҲûоԼĶóˣֻ֪Ҫʲô߲ľܸ
ҲûҪʲôҪЩ
Ҳ̫ȣﲻűʵڴˣһҲͰգƫƫĴʵ̲סͰ¸Ǯ˵ˣͶ˸̽
⣬ĸʹϹҲ
ϹⶫʳЩϹǵزģǵط΢ϡĹϹʳ֣սͷֵȥˡ
۳ԱŷĸʲôڵģǸʹϹ˵
ʳֵ·ӣϹˮ͡
ˣ̫ӻͶ
Ҳ֪͸ģǽõġĵ˵Ȼ͵Ǹģã棬ȥ˱ЩҪġ
ǶרŲĹŮ
֮һ㿴ӳӯ
̫ﲼòã磬ѲÿˮĸӣСҲԽԽ
֮ǰΪһϲѣϻøӳҲֹһ
ʵڸ־ֲ뵱
ڸ̫ӺʱܶȤʱֻǳܹܺʱסʱһ£ԪҪȥйȥ


17 
Ƕ̫䣬̫ȡ
ýȴýű˾ˮͷһ죬乬Ҳ࣬ͷȫ츣ıûϹ
Сϲ˽¸˵ôϸ
ȳٲñҪ̫ҲõúܣһûС
ƽʱܱ˹ţññ߶˸ʲôҲΪڡ
̫Σ챻˶ŹҲ
ûŸտʼû࣬Ҳˣûʱ˰ѿϵ߶ŲԱ߷һһʹϹñš
˯˯Ծͳԣ˯˾Ϳϣʲôģ˯ӹòҪ̫
Сϲ˽¡桯Ҫ̫СĳܹΡ
û˵˼Ҫ̫Ӵˣܹݲ
ʵܹǴҪĻʺ
ҲǴſ̫ӿںͻʺԶ̫ġΪû˸ҳܡ
ӻʺΪ¹Ů̫ӣŹŮ̫ܿӵĹܽǺϵġͻȻðһĵó谮̫ӳԹ뷿֮֡˲ٻµûû˳氡
ٹ£̫Ҫˡ
ƫƫû˹ܣбԭ
پСϲӽӶġ㡯ˡ
Ҳûȥ̫ߣһСС˾޹ŮֶûУܹס˭ܰԼסͲˡ
ҲԵǮ˵Ҫȥйûʲôʵʶ˿
ȥܲʺ̫ӣ̫ߺڹһܲ˰ɣ
һҪȥй
ﺬ˿ϣûȥǲ˵ֻѯǮ
밡һȥŻ飬ٵĸ£ȻλҪˡʱ£ڡ
ĻǮûֱ˵ż֮ΪԺ룬һҪȥ
ȥġ
ʱ̣˺󣬸ǮȥѰ˾Ŵˣ֮䲻ǳʳ֣˵Ҳйߵˣûϵ
ΪʮϸаۣһͰĸʹˣʲôҲ
ļԼ⻹ǹһҪѯԼ뷨ȻǰĸˣȻùʧ
΢˼£С˵ûҪȣ߾ֻһһȥ̣ȫ˵ùλ֮ǰ
Ŀڸϡ
Ŀ̫ԣǮҲ˫Ŀ˹
Ѹеţ̲סӡ
ѹûǲû˹أΪأ̫ţܷˡܳڼ仳ϣλʱΪʾݴȣҲҪ˵λݣȵʱˡ
չأ̫֮淡ˡѡ̡ŮⶼλƷ̫檣̫һˣˣˣѡŮˡ
̫Ȳᣬһ㶼Ƿ߹ҹŮ˵Ҳǲ˵λݣѵ˵߻ܸߵ淲ɣ
ѾͷôҰģ
ڰǿϳȥˡ
ͲҸ˼ҽ֮ǰУ˼ҵۣ˼ҶԸңǺⲻЩ⣡
óﲻŭҲͲҴˡ
ɱСԼǣûλݣг裬ǹͷĳλ߹󣬵Ǵ޽ΪҲ£ʱ򻹲֪˭Ը˭
䣬˵С
ԱŶǮ̲ס˸飬û뵽ʵģˡ
˵Ҳûй˵ƣǳЩǽĵط𣿹ȫĵطǳܿܡ
ЩҲﱳ˵ġ
ҹŮ߹Σ⹬ȱҹŮ߹ˣĸͣȴҲ֪˶ٸ
Ƕ֪¹˭أ
Ǯưţһֱͷͬ˵Ļ
ѵð
ϽԺЩ׼˵ᶼᣡ˵֮ЩԺ׼ˡ
뵽ҲΪԼã΢ЩҲΪǺãǽжϴӲȱˣԼ˱ðֻҪЩ
ǡ
ȥй£롭
ʲô룿
һ춯ȴ̫ˡ
ŵıȫԴվں棬ƺЩԼûܼʱͨõ´˽
֮ǰǮȥʱͷԸˣŵĶȴûסʵҲûסǵͨ
Ҳû˵ʲô£˵Ҫȥй¡
վ
Ǯæ
̫ӽ
£Ǯʱݺݵص˱ȫһۣЩǵؿ˿
ͱһѣ̫ˡ
̫ӽ˼ɫԲۣʮʽֲʧ£ƺմˡ

ֻЩ
ǵΪʲô
ѵ㲻ȥ
ˣ̫ӿ϶Ϊβе£Ū⡣
û뵽֮ǰûȥСȰ˵Ŷôһ˼ȴЩԥ
ǵ벻ȥ
벻ȥ
Щӣ̫Ҳ˽ˣ֪ܲʲô
к𣿡
üͦġ

ǰ̫øȥǸҪ̫Ӵȥûʵġ
ǵµ벻ȥ
㵽벻ȥ
ǰһ㣬ץֿϵĽָ
϶Ҫ벻ȥˡ
еΣǲԸʾơ
ţ½ǡ
ȥҾȥ
ȥ¾ʹȥ
˾ôѧ㣬˺öأԽԽ졣
ǵµ벻ȥһ˫ӯӯĴۣ
ЩΣҡҡͷðɣǹȥ
Ҿȥ
¶һóѵЦʾ֮ǰʾǼٵģĿġ
ʱ̫ȥš˱˻ԣ
£㲻Ҫšҵۣȥ֡
˵ȥġ
ΪҪ˵
˵˵
Ҳѹ˿ϡ
ôȥʲô˼ΪһǰעǵӣСŮĵȦȦ
СϲʵûۿҲǱˣĵȥ
Ƶƻ̲סᴭ
úúãȥġ
ˣԸˣſԱ߷ŵĲյ
һӦҪȥ¡ǰʰ£ҪõĶϣľͲôˣйﶼСʱӦòһߣҪڸݣ誻ᰲ㡣
ϣ°ͣ¶Щԥɫ
´ȥ᲻᲻ã
Ƴһۣ˵ӣ֪Сˣ²Ǽƽʱܰ죿
ⲻ¸鷳
ʵ˵ǣͲĸ˾ٲʹ㲻£һеĸìܲͷϡ
⻰϶˵ģֻôǡ
ʲô鷳˹̫ӡ
.
Ȼ̫Ӷô˵ˣҲˣʼʰ
ʵ˵ȥейģôԴѡŮ̫Ӽǣ֮û뿪ʹ
˵е±йδ죬˵кɽпɹԵΧ
ʦΪ̫󣬾ܲպͳ;棬ͱ׼ǰȥʱݣȻҲûȥڿȥʶһˡ
Լû٣ʰŷ־Ȼ٣ɾɾװӡ
Ҫ֪Ҳʹ£Ͷôණ
̫ӵֲʰͲˡ
һߣĶҲ죬ǰûͶ˳еӡ
ٹһܳĪ˷ܡ
⼸̫Ҳæ켸ûô¶棬ҲϻҲ֪æʲô
ðţ˯Ҳûȥϣ˯ڿϡ
ָĴϣ֯˵ʹߺ棬ǰŸ̽ıɽðŰ̡
ϻһ㱡
Ŀϣ˯
ˣһǱȫ
ʱѾѹӭȥ
ʲô£
ס·ıҹ˵˯ͨ˵иййص¡
ȫƲ֪ѾˣСȥ˵һ顣
֣ʳ֣Ǽ˶֪£ĺͱȫײ㹬ˣȻ֪кܶŵ
Ǳ˵̽ȫһٸɾƫƫ˵й֣ݲñȫͨˡ
ɡ
߽Щĵؿ˸һۣԥ²ŵʲôҪ
Ҳ֪·
˼


18 
ʱ񱻱ȫˡ
Ůȹ˼Сɵͨдһ¡ǸŸȣȴѷɫ١
ƽʱʲôˣҲûԾڱȴ˸Ƶġ
ӣɫĶԽӣ¶һɫĨأĨĵŻޡ٣Ǹͷûдӣֻ˸Ƕޱһߵͷϡ
µĽ̤ϣһ˫ɫЬЬúܾ£Ϊ۵ľЬ׺һ仨麣ġ
һ˫ЬѾ˲ɵ֮ƫƫ˲£һһбĸڽ̤ϣƽˡ
ε˷ѣεȴף
촽ǿЦһֱҲû̽㣬ڱҶϲˡ
üƺô˵ð˹ϸأû֣ͬ˾޹Ů˵Ҳ㷸˹ء
ʾĸŲ
£
һֱøǸûʲôĻˣл˵вҲ˳ɺĪһӳ̫谮ˣ־ҲԷԼ򵥡
ͬȴر𣬾ǸǸӵġ
㻹ôֱӡ˵ʮָ̾
ü˾Ǻֱӣ˵£װģʵԤеʲôˣŶԷ˵
ûԼ΢ЩΣʵмæȥйܲܰҴϣ
ûס˵ʲôִ̧
ΪҪȥ
ƺϵô˵ζؿһۣҵཻһĶҶкô
Цˡ
ҿûøཻһʶˣ㲻⻰˵ú壿
ʲô壿
Ӧ߶ԵȣҰ㣬ܵõôʲôܰҵģ
⻰̫ˣ˲ʱ˱״ƽס
ֺα˵п룬ͬ֡
ͬ־㽻飬ұҪɣҲȥ£˵Һ»ǴСʶ
ɫѿ
㿴Լ˵ˣΪ˵÷˰æˣ׵úôʲôø㣬ҾǺ鲻飿
Ѿˡ
ʱͦ׵ģΪϲñ˵ɵӣȲ˵ܴܲȥйʹܣҰȥǷֳ裬ƽ׸ԼҶ֣ԸԼĳָˣôˣ
һ׷ʣʵ̫׶ģѾֲˡ
㣬ȻҵĵɱͬǺйˣ
˵ˣ
ô˵Ǻйˣ
΢΢Щɫ
ЦЦȻǣֺαشźйͷʹǣңһ
ɫѿЩвζĿŸ
ô뱳Ѻй
Цˡ
Ц
Ц꣬ͻȻˣű˵ͷԼ磬ⲻá⻰ҵźй˵˵ǺйвҰģ
ƿԡ
Ȼң˵о
ĸ˾޹Ůֻ͸ͬйˣԵ֪Ҫ̫ȥйº篶켵ʷˣΨѾ⣬ĵҸͬйţԴвԷġ
û뵽ȻʣʵǺٻ
ôң
ѵҪˣΪԼ˳裬Ͱ˶
˵йôʹôˣҲ
ɫ䵭˸㣬֮ǰ˵Ҳ뵱˾޹Ů滰ǻ飬˼ˣǰǰһʹԺΣǾͿԺˡ
Ǵȥʳ֣˿˾⣬Ǵ㿴һʳֵ̬ȡ
ͬǻ飬˾ҲԳ˾ǡָʵֻһ֡˵Ժͬйıδ¡
ʾá
ƽȡĨ֮ǰľ飬һ̿ʼ½ʾá
Ϊʳ֣ȷʵû붫һߵĹϵͲǴˣǻݡ
ɵӾΪйֻͷϵƬ죬Ϊвô򵥵ĵ㲻ʹܳˣҲľż
߰ɣԺˡ
ΪԶó裿ΪһڶվȽŸ㲻ң֡ͺ
ܲǶҵ£޹ء
񻹲ʱѾҪȥֻĲԹߵȥ
Ļʱɫ⸴ӡ
˵Ҳйˣƫƫﵱ˵Щ
ЦЦ⻰ɲ˵һġ
ˣȻȥʳһˣʳȥйЩˡ
΢΢һ㶣ɫǸӡ
˵㣬ȥݻ
룬㲻̽ū澣ū֮ǰ˸ū˵ˣū澼Ȼ̹ԺǹˣһͲ¶ū澻Ƕġ
Ҳûα˵Լû˼صͷ
Ȼô˵ˣҾ㡣ȥʳ֣治Ǳ⣬֪ʳʲô˻ȥҲ֪˾˻᲻ȥ
ūȥʡ
ĺܿͻˡ
Ϣ˲˾ŻȥʦҲȥ
£Щסˡ
.
֮ǰŷܣԴóûȥ
ǲȥԼ̫࣬¡
˵ʦҪȥʶȥһŷȴסˣ˰Ǯ˹ȥСӴ
Ǯܿͻˡ
˵Ǳθڲ̫ãݡǱҲ׼ˣСĸ˵õģʳֵںߣһ·гʲô󰭡
ей뾩ԼİٶҲҪʮ죬ʮĳ;棬Ҫڵĳϣôȵ죬Ҳ֪ʦܲܵס
ǹ鵣ǣԲԼҵģҲֻܽǷĵס
ת۾͵˵ڶ죬̫˸硣
ƽʱֻ̫˯ԼģûҪ̫ӸϴŵԾͻȻô磬ʲôģ
ʵ㲻ô磬ҪݣǰЩҪߡ㣬ܸʱ߾Ͳˡ
죬Щš
ŷˣţȡһֱȵȥ˯ˣ課ֵ˲ʱӣ֪ͨҪˡ
ʱʱаʱ

ƽʱǲģ첻һҪУһ￴ͷβĴͣڶϣŴ˸գһ
տտĳ֣ԵøӵҲࡣ
һһλˣ˳ǰͷĶλݵ͵ԽλԽߡ
ĳڿλá
Ǯ˵ĶǼλӵ檣ŻǶû飬ȻЩ檶û֣һ˳ܶں档
ĳ俿󣬵λûÿԿÿλﾭİѳһǣ͵͵⿴Żǰû﹫Ƕһ顣
ʱ̺ܴӻСŰ꣬һ
ʺ󵽵ġ
Ȼʺϳֵ˻ڶˡ
ƺƵĳ뿪֣ڹŴԪŵĴϡ
ǰѹûǰҪ򿪳ûʹľͰˣڵʵʵ
ĵ̣ȳ˳ǣܰѳ򿪣Ҫ˯һ᣿
ɳʵȣ˯ţ
һ·ҲûʮְӦǰ˵·
˲ӣڳˡ
ĳͻȻӿٶȣߵ̫ӵĽ󣬷ٶȡ
У־ٶĻкü縣ּҾ졣ҿһֱн䣬Ҳûҡ
ڳԯϵǮǰ󳵵Ķ˵೵ĳˣƶȵܲˣ򿪣ֻһɴ
зˣ仹ȣûôơ
¸ڿԹĿ档
඼ǼзĽǰ̫ӵĽǰǻʺԪ۵Ĵط±ΧŻƱȴЩΡ
һЩ׹ѫ󳼣ۣżУԪ۵Ĵԣмλ۵꣬Ǽλӡ
̫ˡ
˼Խּ֯ףǼҷҫۡӣߴģ緢֮С
Ⱥʮۣôˣȴһ۾Ϳ
˿λӣô
ٿǰʮֻ̫ӳĽ󳵣Լƾһ־ȻܾһƥʽýĿͷͻͻСë¿
.
ʵ̫֮еú
⿴һûˣ˯
Ҳ֪˯˶ãͻȻͣ£ѡ
ʹ֪֮Ҫ
±Ϻÿ˻ʼҵƣʺϳ;棬һǺͻỻĳ
˵Ҳˣ˵̫עعأװУȥей
ʵҪǻʵۻʺ̫ӻ񸣶ֳǲûġ
Ȼ󣬸ǰ˿ƽˡ
̫ӵĳһᱦ䳵Ǳĳ󣬵ٲη
Щ±̺󣬳ٶԿࡣ
ͷԽԽңҵѫ󳼣ЩܲסˣܣȥЪһЪ
ɴĻӻˣҲˣһż̫ܡ
Ǳ̫߳öһ
Ҳãô
̫ŭһۣת
ΪҪԼģﻹ룬ǳͣϣβϳ
һ̾ͼ٣ĳС
ûŪʲôͼһٽһԾƼΪ̾е
̫̾ӵõЩǲĳԾǱˡ


19 
ӭԻʺū澼ƽǶתͷˣҲˣӦҲˡ
Уºһҳѵʺ󣬿ϣ棬ҲʮؾΪԵЩƣ
ԣ⿴˿
ڳﶼȵܲסҲ֪ˣͷôңߡ
ӭСĻӶڣòڡ
Ҳǣܵܶڸǰлϥ¡Ϊ̫ȱϯ
ʺ΢΢¶һ˿ƺ˵ʲôסˡ
ʱ˵»ˣӭæȥÿ̫ܡ
»ˡ
ʺƽ۾ȴµؿ
ҲãҲɹˡ
˿ƺڷģ˫Ŀ
˻⴫󾪻ڵ̫̾ӵµõۡ
ʺ󵱼۾
ڳǿεģӭܵʺʾ⣬æô¡
ʱ˱
ǵֱӴ˳һЩĲ졣
̫ҲǣͻС˳֮٣ˤô죿˵ô˵ʺȴŽ֮ɫ
һ˳ӵĻʱɫ
ûԼĳ˺һƺĳ
.
ſڵֻû£̫Ѿˡ
㿴ļŮһĿŵظųˣ
æ棬ڵطޣֻڳŴ档
ڸ£˲ŷ˺ູܶڵģӶʪˡ
ûˡ
üԲš
ڶЩײ¹̬ʹЩĻʱҶӺֻе¹ʱҲ˳
û⿴֪ĵˣ
ѽˡ
æ£ôູҪҪѣûѣҪȺȱ裿
װɵǡ
ûؿһۣӹյһ
գգۣװûڵӸ
һҲټƽˡ
˵䣬һװ̫ӵĸɾѣͭӺͰͰˮ
ֱ󲻳ˮǴĶġ
ʶ㲩Ц˵רŷЩ˵ˮˣڳʳ˵Щܸܽ·
Ҫ֪ﶼǴһˣʲãҲá⳵̫СĳﲻԱϴõбͰˮ¯ӣݲ裬񸸻ĸλﻹб衣
ðɣԼʶǳˡ
ǵ³б𣿡
ʲô
Ť£һͻݵذּףһ㿴;棬Ҫ˷̣Сϲūȫūȥ³ƽʱԲ÷ūҲܸŷ̡
װģӣüЩЦԷǣһۣ֪ͽˣˣ
װޣ˺飬һ֮ǿŮ
ȵȣǴĶѧһף
ԽԽԾĻ
գգۡ
ﰡƽʱûûʱ䣬СӾ͸ЩĻӡ֪ҵģǸ¿飬
ͣͣͣϽҴס̫ӳ첻ѧģӻùŮ
뿴ѧʲôϵֲǲʶ֣ǲۿ˽˼ҸĶܴʱ䡣
˵ֱ׳ⱳĺǮ亹ֱð
û뵽ô׵ľͰ˸ˣҿûŭǶ
֮Ժ׼ѧһף̫ˣң¡ǿŮ
ƵĶЦ͵è
û𣿡
ͻȻ˽Լʶš
ŲҪǵòĳ

أвУ
ͻȻӣӡһڡ
.
ʺӭҲ˵
Ǹ̫ӶĹŮʲôģΣʺŵ
ӭû̧ͷ˵˵¾ʹһ˾޹Ů
ֻһֻôһ
ʺһ۵ǱΪűͲ֪£ĸ˾޹Ůֻ̫һΪ谮ޣ
ӭæڵء
ūҲĸӣȴ׽ūҲ͵ΪһЩСìܣԽԽ裬š
ˣ˭ˣ
ӭ͵͵˻ʺɫһۣȰµ״ˣԼ⣬̫Щﲻֻ۱ֻһЩɡ´С͹ɶ£С֪úö飬ﶪôѲµģΪ龫ǣô࡭
˵۵
ĪΪһЩС£ֵĸġūҲ֪ūЩԽˣЩū˵ˡ
ˣʲô˵Ҫ߳
ӭϲ̧ͷ
㵱֪˾ڸ
ʺջĿ⣬⡣
ҲԼĶӺԼ֣ǰͻжǣ̫ӣǱݲв̤һ̫һδǸλãĸӶһվʸ֮ģǰӣֻнзơ
˶٣ʺƺģֵǼС£ҲС¾
ӭ˿ﲻͺá
.
գĺǮҲû̫˵вС
һֱûһͷǡ
ɿ֣ſ
յصͷššƻ档ȥֲš֡˻ͣ
˿ŴūսսıӰٿﵨִͷ
ȷʵ⳵̫СҲ̫㡣

̫ڸķ²
ˮȵģҲϴ˲˺ູܶĲ
ĽˮˮͰȥʰɾֳȥˡ
Ϊȣ˶ûʲôθڣЩĹϹ졣
һǰŴӱóϣΪ˱֤ϲζ⽫װһСľͰͰѾˣ˱ˮϵ˿˿ġ
һţ˿һ㶹ƣһ֡һ֡һ⡣
ͷϺţ˿ǸģʳġȻỵЩĶƤģġ
һûʲôʳ̫ӾϺţ˿ӵġ
ĳԷøηаԼѧֳԷ
ǳԵͦ㣬Ҳˡ
ٺһ裬ϵܵסߣ÷紵
ϣӡ
ʲôǱ˿Ҫ˵»
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ҪҰӸ£¸ȣû˵ˣ˵ţҪеóȥ
ôܽӣ۾һҲ
ûؼӡ
΢죬˴˵ա
һ̫Ӿ˯ˣҲ˯ˡ
.
ʱͻȻͣ
ʹ֮󣬲֪ǵվ
ʱҲ˯ˣ³ȥݣֵ˻³
᷿Ѿ׼ˣ̫סһһԺӡ
˶ӵĵطǾԲߵģȥܸܲЩˮܿ˰ˮ˸ԡоˡ
֮ǰ̫ӻˣ컹Ҫ·ðž˯ˡ
һҹ޻
գ˾ˡ
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һθ̫ӵĳϳ͸˵ˣһ̫
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ǴӦˣȴô˾ʵðʧ
ɴʱѾˣЩ¿ûлͷ̫Ҫģ֪ʺϣҲֳܵ
ԸⶥſܻеѣĳˣͷģʱͻȻ˵ˣԼҲҪա
ֻӲͷƤ˳ʵ֤Լ϶͵
ųȻ֪ˣ
Щ˼Ҳ£ⲻ¸鷳
ʲô鷳˹̫ӡ
Ѿ̫ӵڶεŸ˵ֻܽΣʱֻţһҪ
ٱˡ
.
̫㸣˻ȳҪ֮ʣȥǰͷݡ
ȻЩսս̫ӵĳʵⲻ
ͳĺľ֮䣬иĳĳͤڳϷ̵ū澿ڴ˴
ĳ˷⣬ǲҽġ
һ齵ĳɾɣֱҪ̫
ʺȻҲ֪̫øŮ¡
ӭսս»ʺŭҺֻţû˵ʲô
̫ӣʱݣʱسϢȵͷʱֱӻسˡ
˵֮ǰٳȥ
̫ӵĳȷʵǸܱȵģͷ󣬾˸˱б绹ȷԳԣϹĸǲȱ
·ϳʳ⣬ǲˡ
ǲͣģһֱ·ֱ磬һʱңͻᵽһվȻ·ʱǾģվרŴԹǰȥй֮á
˼ûʲô̫ӱɹ˲١
ûģѣſӺɫԡ
ûסЦһ¡
һ¿ɲˣѵһϣڵڶ츣
òˣ۾ϴЩķ˳֮ڳ˯һ磬̫Ӿӵģһ綼ۡ
˴Ҳøʶһ⡣
ʲôʢͽʢ
ֳܲס֮УᣬѪʢ
.
ƣ·Խˣ·ϡ٣ƬĲݵغͺڵ˱֮С
գоһԪۼ˵ˮͻȻ´˵Ҫڴ˵ͣա
⼸·򣬳ӶǹŲ룬˵еطԱǰӼݣԪҲǲ·﷦ζŽ磬ͣ˶ЪһЪ˳͵췹
һ˵̾ҲͲˣЩŶձڳܳ͸͸˶˿
Ҳ˳
ͼﲻԶѾ˴˼񣬹ǹλá
ԶѽƬĲݵΧιһˮԶԶԶƺʳֵǶ
ȥͣ˺ܶ೵೵ϵ˶ˡ
ЩչĺŮǣյĳ;棬ѾƽʱݻĴ磬һж
ڱ£ܵҲü򵥣Ҳ֬Ĩˡ
ԶԶȥȥܼзĽЩʲôﰡ񸻻˼ҵŮ졣
̫ǰȥˣΪ˲ĿҲԶֻڸ߿˿
İҲʶ˺س˿Ҳû˸˵Ǽλӵ檣ƺ֮ǰ֮꣬˴עͶЦݣЦݡ
ˡ
վ˻Щˣسȥ
ʱС·˸Ů
Ϊ̫ӵԵʣҲûٸСϲС̫򽻵Ҳó裬С·ʱڸɫ
߹С·ӵǻʺߵùãȥһˡ
￩һ
һ˲ͷȴװ΢Щ죬ѱֹɵλùȥˡ
ûҲûһԼÿ޵˵·һƽ¡
ĵùòЩĿŸҲû˵ʲô
.
֮ǰͲ⼸Ǵ»ʺʹģȻˡ
ʺǰǰվżŮ̫࣬һͷƽ
ùýȥˣøվţɹ˺һԷûֻܼվŵȡ
һˣҲ֪Ȼô
Ǿ̫ӣһ籣Ǹ¶棬Ըֵ˵ֶΣȰһ飬پ
Լ汾ˣʱ˼˼롣
Ҳ֪̫Ķ֪ĸˣ
汻ƿù˳
ԷΪ䵭˸ֱ治κؿ˸һۣȥ
ȥˡ
ʱõһӦȴһ٣磬Ҳ֪ЩĶģҲû˼Ҿߵĳ
ʱʺš
ϰ߰˸ˣѵøͷһעڳʳϣǶ˻ʺ
ʺһɫĽӣŴķﴩĵźؾţ°ɫȹȹȹ[
ϴθĻʺȫһ˵ŷڴźĻʺ޶ׯģһ񲻿ɵʣ˿̵Ļʺȴ䵭ŵ¡
һˣȴз֮С
֪̫ӳڵò˭ˣͺͻʺĳֻ̫ӣӲһЩʺŮԵġ
£
عæ¡
ʺţʼƤӶûһ¡
ֱ¿ӣŮ衢ˮۡˮӣ˿־֣վ
ʲôҹŮ
ˡ
ǸԹˣͷһһŮʱһԲλ֮УŮĺӣҲһõˡ
̫ӳεֱɵˣ̣˼˶ĺ硣
ﻹô㼤ߺͲΪȻʱ
ʲô֣
Ҳú
ū澽и
Ǹиʺૣֵ̧ͷ
ӵ̧ͷ
࣬ʺһ¡
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һŮôĺ޹ء
ΪӣΪӣԵʶ;һӲ󣬿ͦʵĹ
ʺѹ˶յŭĪûˣ֡ҲǴŮģ̫ӻڸ֮С
ʺ󲢲ǲˣֻһԵЩСˡ
ΪλԼСʺʵĶˣʱĹ
ūˣԪĹ
ǿຮ֮ˡ
˴㶼˾Ǵһ׳ֱԭǶ˴򽨾˷Դ֮أؽ˵ضΪ
ΪλȻͬѰԭ꣬ټϽشƫƧ䣬ʮƶ񤣬ö֮ͱԵƽʱΪ˴׼ʧƹԱż֮ء
ū漮ģڽйĹȥѡŮū̫ĺֶ࣬ūǳԲū澵ʵû취ˣͰūŮū澸սʱ꣬ڹʮꡣ
긣ӭж͸¶֮ɫ
һŮǸӣ
ʺŻ֪ΪΣ
ΪΣ
̧ͷʺɫЩãȻҲЩֻš
ū澲֪ǲΪūûз̺õ£ūʵѾķ̵ˣūʲôط̵òãˡ
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գ㣬ˣ㵹Ǹʵġķ̫ӣԺķ̱ǣٹ̫Ҫˣʵ֣̫ڸһ֡
ллܾϲӣͷ
ˣ°ɡ
.
񣬸Ĩ˰亹
ԼСԲֱԼһΡ
ʺﲻǻʺˣôʵһЩκν֮ģҪδ̫֣һܵõ֡
ЩȻ
Щ̫ӶݣԼݣʺôһˮͷϣʱ˲١
ǵùǣ
λùȥҲҶʲôһ·ʵʵظԱߡ
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ɫܴæһŭǸ˽⣬ܿˣ̫ߵЩ졣
¡
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ĸиȥʲôùãʵ
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̫ϵĲţҲ֪ĸӶǳʲô⣬̫ӾԼĸ󣬵ʱȻϸʱ
ʺţΪǸʵģҲоķ̫ӡʱԵ̫ӺͻʺǲʲôìܣʹԺҲˡ
ͷȻģﻹūˡ
˵ͬʱûϰʹ̫ߡ
뿪
һֱ߳һ·ŵʲô
һۣǵط˶ӣǱȥˣʲôԵ²ҥԣū澲ǣ
һֱֻһָָ
ʲôʱ˵°ۣԳūʱЩ¾㡣
ðɣҲ㿴ˣΪԭ򣬵ȻһԭλùڣǺ̫˵Ȱ̫㡣
ڻʺǶǺʵùǰ¶ڣڻʺҲ¶ˣʱȴ³ǲá
û˵ٻʺĵطĿ̫ӣҲĿͺñ˵ָо˿̽ūҲΪ˵ºã²лū澣˵˵ٻ
˵ţ۾ٿ
Լϱӿ϶û£̯ôӴͷֵĹŮؼͨŮǡ
뵽ԺҪԼ檣ԼҪö꣬һͷ֮Уͷεĸо
ֲ˰п̽ˣ˿Ϊ۸һСŮ
¾۸ˡӡ
ܿһۣСϲͱܵһԣͷڿϵ񣬱ȥ۾֡
׼װ࣡
ͣ˿ָһۣö
ָգգۡ
ҧгʮεҡҡͷŤͷˡ
æ֣ʵظߡ
һõ񣬿ģӦרŹ̫ЪϢ֮áСϲӸںһۣæŲӳȥˡ
ʱſ򸣶ʵ˵ĸȥʲô
ѽôˣ
ƴڻˣתƹעΪû֣
¸ײװˣۿ˿ϴµ˿ĵʲô
ǹµĹŮѵ²ܹʣ
۾һʱͷ
ڲ֮ǰҪȫ棬ͻʺ֮ìܣҲֳܱ
ǵʲôʱˣӦ빬ʢ꣬ʱСʳ˾ţΪα³谮谮ʺ
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˵˶Ҫϵģϲ˳ĽԼһǰ¶Լ澡ʧһ棬ٿˣҲΪԼ
֪̫ʱҲ಻ףʺĸҸƫƫµǻȴ̫׺ңҲ׽ʺˡ
Ǹñȫ棬ºŪȥԺһȫ̫ӵİ棬һżֻ֪̽ԳԺȺֵСŮ
Ǹǰһ
һȥһɾȫ̽䡣
̫Ӻͻʺֻ̫ЭҲʱ˵ʲôԺÿοԼĴܣ˹ıɻԼ
ʱỤǰΣ
˼ĸӣڵҲһʱֹ֮˼ɺͺĸӣʱ˼ĸӶˣʲô³

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ǰӲˣ´ɴ䡣
Ϊһ£ԥ
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Ӧ˵Լʺ˴ˣģҲӦ֪ܻʲôˡ
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ʵ²ùʵģ̾˿Щӵؿһۣūǰѵˣǰˣ¹ˣʹ֪ˡ
Ǵȷڵ֪ҰѵˣǵΪҳͷǲͷͷ𣬳ͷĸ󡣵ѵΪһСŮʺ
㰤ĸѵˣɫһѿ
û뵽עȻ⣬æūֻڸȷǼ裬µû
Ǿ˵ĸûѵ㣿ȥʲô
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µ㰲Σˣ㻹˦ӣ
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˵Ļˣ㲻¹¸ĸΪʱĸùû취ԸһСŮ
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ΪûҲûʵ˶ˣһһӵС
ԾĴЩش˴š
Ϊ¸һǸɵӣ
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ģҧ£
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ѵɵӣ续ǰװģڹǰĸڻԴʲô
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ŭԹ޺޵ʲôҲǲ֮䵱ˣǵʱⲻˡ˵ĲԣαشҴҸϹ

̾˿´æϹʵԭġ
⻰øˡ
ĸǰһθһ£ǴηһЩõ¡

֮󸣶׷ʲô
ԭǰҲûйŮž̫ʮ꣬һ羫һֺ£ƫƫڻʼҾͲ
ΪиĻӰ˾޹ŮĹأʱ̫߷̵ļŮ˼Ϊ裬ǲڶڿ˼빴̫ӡ
±˸ȥʺǣʺŭͽ˰ŮԪ
Ȼ󣬾ûȻˣŮʧˣŮҲʺӶŲ˳ȥ˲֮ʺ󷢻йŮҹ̫һȱе·
ǹ𣿡ʡ
ʱ·Ⱦɫ
Һ氡
ڸ˵㾹Ȼ£
ǵû

ҡҡ䣬ʵں棬ûУ
ҡ־ű˾䡮ûСֵʱôСﶮЩ


20 
Ҳ˵׸Ϲӿ
Ц
Цʲô
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ɵؿ㻹˵ûЦûЦ۽ǹʲô
ûЦ㲻ΪūһԴЦ۾Цˣ
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˵һĻһҪѵӡ
Ȼ߶룬תƻı¶ѧȥˣԺô찡
ͯƵģһ㣬һ׷
СϲӣЦͷ졣
ڱԺô
С·ӳڲԶҴ
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ڰѸ˵ϡ
ܲˣ
ͨ죬ЦỨˡ
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Сϲӽʱпࡣ
СذС·˵ظһ飬̫Ӹô졣
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ƫƫĻӵһֱСԪǰϲӸԽԽ谮ܵܣһֱܹҰ۷׷ס
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23 
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áʺŹӺһڣģģζеĸΪĽ衣
ô֪ˣʺԺ롣
޽ϣʱ׷̫ӵˡ


24 
˸ա
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ײͷ̫ѶҪȥݡ̫ӲǸĵԸ㸣ΪѶҪȥݣ
ֻһܣԼŹʵǰȥԪۣ¼֮ӡ
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֪͢飬Ҳ˵ʲôֻܸ̫ӵķʮָͷг̣˵ƫġԼ˵Сʱ̾ǲϲңϲҴǣеܵܣʱҲƣҳ˿ɰַǾûһϲҵģΪ̾ǲϲң
ʵҲֻϲкϲŮҴ㣬̾ͦϲҲ֪̲ϲңΪǸѾͷƬӣΪܳԣҸС˫ӣʱܱܵҴ෴ǽȴСʱҲûޣΪˣЩÿιʱҪιһЩ
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25 
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ר֪ʱʲôľ棬ѵҲˣЩǿ϶ˡ
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ʬڻԣɢŨصѪζСĸҿˡ
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ЩĹǣһ顣
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ĳԾ̫ӵĳһӳһߵݶ
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̫Ӷ⻹еʲôԵġ
ȻҲٲ˵Ц̫ӣʱʱͻЦһȻ鲻
Ǹ󵨵ĹŮ


26 
գշǰףӾٶˡ
һΣߵñ֮ǰÿζҪҪ졣
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һڴ˵ͣ죬ֱ鶼٣Ԫ۲̡
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.
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˻ʵ۴֮أͻʹһǰ޵Ĺ졣йַΪ֣ԷԷֿɷֱǺƽԭɽ
˼壬طֱֲͬĵòԼɫкڶĶϲ࣬붫ԶٵľǴ˴
ֱͳκɽˮˮûôĺôľ۲ˡ
ҪκҲ򵥣дУɸݲû취Ͳ̫Ӵȥ˴κϸ죬´ȥܴ̫ͲΪˣ͵ĻСĴǿԵġ
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һӦ˳ˣȻôҵõ
̫ӣǴʱΪš
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۾
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˵һطһͷֱèƵġ
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գڸĥӲ£Ϊʮʮ飬ʽѧ֮á


27 
̫׼ܣÿҪʵʶд֣ҲǲܳȥֻڹΧڡ
˵ǹϾй϶ټϸļС͹ȺҲֻлʹ֮һС
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ѽûмˣô䵽һʲôˣ
˽⣬֪Ϊˡ
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ʺصױ̨ǰǰյǷš
Ȼϣ˵ݣʵһģֻԶԷϢҿࡣ


28 
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29 
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30 
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31 
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32 
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33 
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˸˵ʹˣһֱţҲһûԹĲˡרȥ˵˵գ齣ͽܡЩӦöͽģ˵ֻ࣬ζʮ֮
˵ţ¶֮ɫ̺Ŷ꣬ҲʵΪѣǾȽͽͰɣˣΪ÷
ʴȣ
޵ܾһ
ֻȻλƺǸʦ
ˣôû˵
.
Ȼȥʸġ
˭֪ðźûܻȥ
ǰ˵ʵе±һԭԴ岿䣬Ҳһ
еµפÿʵ۶Ļᣬ֮Ÿ
һ磬һ壬ǴԶƲԭԭ
е£Ϊ
еͱ֮ʱ͹ıЩÿ굱Ÿ졣
ŰգԪ۴żλӣһͬȥӪһˡ
ȻʱǰˡΪ磬ɹŸͬ磬̫ȻҪϯ顣
ɢ̫ӻʱҹ
ʱѾ˯ˣ̫ӱ¡
գ̫ʮæµʱһͬǰȥ
ʵƺЩԸҲͬˡ
һӪ֮ǰÿζֻ߸ǻף侳ؿЩʿǰжӣ죬Ѫڡ
Щˣżÿ춼Ӫܡ
ʺ󲡺ú󣬼̫Ӿһ̣û̫ӽѵ⣬Ѱ˸
㵽ʲô


34 
յòȻ̫ࡣ
һɫۼף̲ɫ磬Եʮ䣬Ѫ֮·͸Ǵôһס
ɩΪʱ
Ϊ㣬ѵ֪Եɣ
򣺡ԭǲϲ̫̫׽
ʺ֪ʣ׵Щ΢졣
̫Զһ㣡
ʧЦ
ʲô±̫Ӳ⣿
ʺ׾ͺã
ҡҡͷ̫ӵ䵱Ǳ̵ģҪ⣬ҲȵաΪʱš
㡪
̫ͬȥ¶û˵ʲôû뵽ﾹȻ顣ѵﲻ̫һڽʿǰ¶¶Щʿ֪Ҵ̫Ӳкöɣѵ̫ԶڶΪ֪
αسı̫볯ΪӴڳᵽ̫֮ʵ£ЩԱ඼Ĺ٣ֻĹ٣佫δ᱾ĩһƬ⣬û뵽ﾹ˺飬᱾
һ˵ûʺƿԡ
Է˵ȷʵûĿǰҲȷʵΪ̫Ӻãɾһʺȴ֪Ŀľô򵥡
Ϊ˵飬˵ʱΪҪԼ
£̫翣˳ԵԼ顣
̫֮ԶЩ
ˣʺʵѾˡ
ҲˣЦô±
Ų㣡ʺæ㲻Ҫ
ﲻ±ΪβñӴ̫ӣ
㡪
ʺ
̫֮ԶЩ
˵꣬΢̧°ͣһۡ
ûתߣû΢΢ȹڲô٣Ҳһװǻƻܻˣϧվɫ
.
ͬʱҲ˵طǺŮɽֿʱˡ
һ·ϼоɰڵùǺ
ΪŮ˳ǻʲô˻ʲôҲʮ࣬˭֪ȴǧˣ
Ծȥ̣ȥĶȴֻ֪øߣɽǸС죬Ҳ˼ˣͰͷˡ
ͷ˼רŹܸı䣬ƽʱ췹⣬ҲûʲôһϱſڴܾͶˡ
ôŶ鲻ҹʮ죬ڵ˳е¡
·ͲٸˣҲŮɽ
˳ָ׼©һ·ߣʱٲߣɽ߲ˡ
ɽû˵ȥĶǴ̫ƽô꣬Ҳû˵ҪĶ̰
˭֪үȻе£϶Щɹйءɽ
ɹ˴򣿡
һǴӮӻ֪ģķ϶ˣǹЩǸֵأʽׯڰʽˡ
ɽҲЩ˲ãϱүүôλ˵Ͳˡ
Ǵո˵ģȻôͻȻǷЩѺ;ү߰ɣţȥҪڹͷˣͷͽȥ磬·ϵţȥʱٰӻȥ
ãҾˡɽҪǴˣ㣬ôҲ۴عѡ
ɽͷүģ椸ҿɷŲ£϶úõġ
˽ϰŵĹӣӹŮݹĸӺӣ˳ӽȥתۼûӰˡ
˳еº˾Ͳ췹ˣҲҹջжʱ䣬ôźˣ˭Ҳ֪˸ˡ
ߣ·ֱϾǡ
.
̫ӪܣʵûסÿȥӪʲô
˭֪ȴأǲ
ֲĥŸ˵Ӧˣ˵ĵǰ١
νģıִַСģΪ֣һǴģ¾Сġ
ǰÿδǰǰż߼еġ֮ĵһڽʿ
ǰ¶¶ɵģû뵽λø
Ϊ˵ǰ٣⼸նھӪһڽʿѵ϶ȣǻ̫ӣ³
̫˵ЩҲҴֳŮҲȥҲˡ
˵գһ̫Ӿˡ
ϴ£Ϊӳĳϣ̫⴩ɫףӢ˲
ûסӣһڡ
Լû̫ˣ̫ûʱĥʰһΪȻ
ʱ˲֪һ伴١
.
ķΪ١
ԱѫͬʵۣЭһıٴ֮أʵڻӵȽߧףǰŻƸǣĹ佫ųΪӣ󽨴١
Ҳˣϵˡ
ΪˣӲʼˣֳϣȻȱϯ
ֻһףͷᶵʣӢϻЩۻûȫȥʵŵҲʲô
Ԫ۶Ǵһ˫ۼףͷɫűǲ˵ǲ̫ӣҲ֪Ķȥˡ
ϴһƬƲʶƬ
峿·жǶ˲㵭Ľߡ
з硣
紵ô졣
һȥǿͷˣһڽʿ޾УųĶʮ룬ǶӡУμԶսսԣ漫׳ۡ
͹ÿοֳ棬һֲС
ѾһۿĴˣÿζˡ
ԭ֮ˣĵȻ֪ᷢʲôû¶֮ɫ
Ϊ棬㹻𾪵ˡ

кŽ
ͳԶĿڷơ
Ȼֻжӵıʿһգ
ϡл죬ЩӲˣֳ棬鲻Խһ
ԪֻһֻţˣҲգҿ֪ʱû˿Լġ
ɤӣأ
ʱһաס
ͬʱս𣬺Ž
أһɫӰſ֡
ɫȳҼᣬëԾͷһڶϵʿŽɫףɫ硣
ҫۣôĿ
Ծ֮䣬ɫҲ
Ȼ
ʿս˻
˲䣬ʿֻݡݡݡ
߼䣬һδһȫԶеĺĴ
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̫ӣ䣡
̫ӣ䣡
࣬䣡
࣬䣡
һ㼯һֱ·жӵıȻʼͣʿҲ˳֮
ֺ䰡ʲôʱҲԡӵ
ʱû˵˵񶼷档
ԪԶǵɫӰ˴

˲⿴˴Ľʿչ󡢱󣬻ģ󣬴ͻٵϻڼʹ˻
һĳ棬˶ڵ֮ǰûпûģѪ
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һֻڣ֮ͣòԭ˲ɫ
ڲ쿤ʵ£ʲôôǰûù
Ԫ︧ź룬״ʵǴ
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ʱһڼ׵쿤˻ڡ
𣿡
ֵĲԭ˻ֻ࣬Ԫ۹ȥʲôʱŪֻûע⵽

һĳʱֹ˶𺳲ѣδ
һƬ룬ȭͷԪ۵ʣҪȥӪԺҲҪ󽫾
Ϊڳ֮ڶ࣬Сû˵ɻ£ԪҲܵشӦ˵ԺȥӪ
һ˰ڼݻӪأԪ硣
⣬ղĵڹٱʿҪ;ʳҲԪ۹ܣֻͺá
Ҵ֮;ʳ˳ǰ׼ˡ
ҹӪƽｻƾӪزԶľӪҲǾ硣
գɢȥ
˶ȾƺȶˣһЩǽҲ˾ƣֻٲھְء
Ԫۻصʺƹ࣬˯š
飬Ҫǰޣˡ
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˵С̫಻Υ棬ֻܻȥػ
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ߵ⣬һ֧ʸƿն
Ԫü䡣
һ£󾪿ּУд̿ͣ


35 
һӪػҵĻ
ڷȼеͬʱͱŵԪΪʸĳײﵹȥ
ػʵǸûô£д̿;ʱӪѾˡ
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ϧһֱ˴
񼴳ȥͼȹǣɵƵģŵԪֻۡüѾˣһɫļʸ
ֳ棬˵ȣҲһ
Ѿ˺תˣһٶȾˣ󲿷תˣֻм
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ʵ֪֮޹أӦǸʸ£ɲǺֻҪ涯ֹͣ׷֮Ⱥˡ
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޹غ棬˵ıܵ¡
ȻڻУͼǰɢˡ
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Щ͹ɫѿˡ
ͺкı
ͼվĻʲôııԹۣ
ⳡĿɲǴԲԭ壬Щ˵ģĲԭʮھĻҺ󣬶ֻǴԼ˾ۣһ߶롣
ֻа͹ɵҪȥʵۻݣɳﲿͿڲϻˡ
һʼû͹ɧҿʼʱʶǲǴҪԼ˲ʹ¼˴Ӫˡ
˭֪˳ȥԵȴõǧ
ֵͷˣɳﲿûɲһ
ǸֻǳǱ㣬Сº󱻱
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еסץйץ͵ԽԽ࣬ǲƴճһ࣬ˡ
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֪ıЩҳӣ磬˵ö֮
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ڵƣվҲ۰ЩͶСˣһҹľţһҹˮδմ
ˣˣ
ǴԶţôң
ʼ˸ͣȵʱҲûˮʳܶ˶Ը˵ڽ
ֹһҹʧˡ
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ɲı棬ֻûӦԼĻλ
Ȼʲ̫ӽݣᵳӪ˽׼ϵ̫ӣ˭֪ȻͻȻУ̫޼գ̫ӵǻλʱȻЭͬĸ׼ϵ̫ʱܺΪ̫ӡ
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֪ʱϻؾǣȻֺãֻܵͷȥС΢Сפر߹أΪԱЩȥ˺ܾãһЩڳĴӦ֪ڴʱָı棿
ı棿ǣûԼӦеĶˡ


36 
һһڴ
˵˵ȻΪ̫ӣȻˣδ̫顣
ͣ˲˹
ҲԪ۵׾˾ˡ
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֮ңʺȥôˣͻȻ˹ȥ
ٴص̲ʹ֪֮ңɱԪۡ续֮ʺƳЩԣ뵽ͻȻ˴Σһ֮£ŷ续
˲Ǳˣ
ֲ֪£ֲʲô⣬֪ܺܿԭ߳˸ڹ
ãã˱һ
ӭżֱʺٿΪö续֪˵ʲôá
续ǣ޵ü򶶶
ū澲⣬ū﹬̣źū澻֣޽ū澱ȥߡūȷʵϢūЩûκβ£Ҳûд뺦ġ
ĸ겡š
붫ū澰˼£ʵǼºγū֮ܰ쵽ģū澶ڹİߡ
ǣѾ˵ˡ
续ȷʵ⣬ȷȷʵʵûкʺ£˲ٹĵȴĿģ˻ʺôꡣ
ߣߣ
续վ˲ᣬϥһ񣬷ͷȥˡ
ȥʱײ
ʺ󿴼˹
Ҫ̫ӣñĶӣ
续һۣƷڰ˿δʳ
ﻹûţ
ӭ˵续˵ͷҡҡͷ


37 
С
˵Ҫ̫ӣ㵽û
ˣֻһնûùţԼȥ̫ӣ
ʲô˼
ʺؿæƫһ

˷ӦʧЦһնδùţܲ
Ҫ̫ӣ
ðɣֻصԭˡ
ӭ续һۣǶȥ
ӭ˿ֿ˿ͷܵʺ
ʺæס㵽ʲô
԰һϸģ뻤ˣ˵һķԼеĻֱð
ʲôܸʲô룬Ҫʲô㻹ܺԱ𣿡
ʮˡ˲Ϣ䣬ǹɳ۳ɳѪʬɽ߳ҵһӿ
ǻʺ󣬶ŵòɪһ¡
ˣ˴ȥ
ߴ˽ɷ˵ӭ续ϡ
ʺȥӭǰһʺΪҪԼʲôҵ
ãã̫Ʒһˣֻһ첲ǯڻ㹻ֽŶãֻΪ
ſңſ
Ϊ·ϣ
ҧЦѾˣʵ۶ˣ㻹ǻʺ󣿱̸·ϣ
ʺ𣬴ʱԼǸǽĶҲǡ
ҳӣ㵹ʩ
ŭЦǣҳӣʩ룬㲻Ǻ𣿶ֵ˼ôڱɱ㷴ˣ
¸ܻΪһ̸ſң飬ϲ֮ˣ껹ι㣬ȴԱв֮ģо֪ġ
Ǿϲ⣬һֱԻɩϲ⣬ɩô֪
ſҡ
ϸľӱεס԰׵촽ӭȵıϢʺ˴˫ȴǯס
޵£ݺݵһҧ
һΣûʲôˣ㣬ഽ꣬տڵĻᶼûС
һϢʮϢʮϢϢ
ʺֻǰڣ㱼䣬˵
룬úݵģΪ겻Ȣѵôˣҥ̲ȣ˲˵ĵط˵ⶼ⡭治Ǽװ֪Ƕϲ⣬Ҳֻһ˾ϲ⡭
֪ȥ˶ãʺܴˡ
Ϸһ˦˹ȥȴٽһ˲䱻ץס֡
ˣˣ㲻ţҾʹȥ
ʺǰ
ϵŲ֪ʱ˻ˣð
ϥϣһࡣ
ʺ޺޵صһۣƫ
㲻ˣȵĶӣ̫ӣ±벻ɱ
Ȩһ̣¶ɡ
ʺ¶ʱĵǣڳˡ
Ԫ֮ҲѹܲԼ̫ӵĴҵĴ
Ҳ֮ǰΪһֱرֻ̽û뵽ҰģֱɱȣԼ̫ӱƵϡ
ʱĳеƿУΣʺ󲢲֪
ЩڳƲԣʵ᲻̫ӣܷ̫ӣ
ʺһ飬ֲͷֻ֪һ㣬Ҹ᲻˺Ķӡ
Ķӣʮ»̥£
˼֮䣬һֻҨ׵ݵߡ
ʺ촽վſڣȥ
úţˣҾʹȥ
.
ʱĶһƬȡ
ȥҴҵĹʧҲûԵơͥԺУһЩҶŷʱǶʱδɨˡ
˶ΣҲδܷԺǽ
ǽļ裬СԺΧһò׷ǽͷú濴ص˸ӣȻԼȥˡ
һʯͷײǽϣʯͷص˵ϣ˼µڲˡ
תͷݣü䵽μ䣬ٵ䣬Խһػ֣ӳһŰβ
ʱϵӵʹϡʲôˡ
˯ˣһߣ²ܳȥǾԺתһת
û
֪ܣˣҲڡ֮ǰͷʱҲǲʹˣ˵ںúõأס̲
Ʋô֪ھǳʱᣬӳȥı£Ҳˡ
ķˣǱص̫ӾһֱڴûһȤģ
رоⲻ˻ûôʧȥ˶־
ţ
С׵ĵΪЩ˾ǲ
֪㵣Ҳʦĳ˾ţСӣġѵͲСϲӣĳܹˣǸֻǰǹţʱûҪǵ˭˵Ǿûܳȥء
߶߶˵˺ܶࡣ
˵֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
ֻӶרе֪ԪϢͱץ֮Ǿ͸Сϲӵ˷ɢˣ̫ӱؽ֮ǰסСԺ˲֪ȥ
̫һֱţҲԸ˵˵һ㷴ӦûУԶҲԡ
֪ţܽȻıƺ֮ǰĸ黹
˶ǻģĸƤ˭֪˭˼˱ȷʵԽܣҲǲᷢ¡
Ϊ̫ͬӵĻӦպ޵룬ԶͰӲ
˭֪һӺ˾Ȼˡ
һʱЩϲ⣬ƿ˵ǰ
Ըˣ
˵ţЩգһ£Ըˣ
֪˵һֵ˻ȥѸŵæ
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԰׵Щ۵Ҳһʱ䣬Ե㲣϶ˡ
Щۿȣ˵˵㣬ԼŪʲôȻȳЩҶѺӹһΡ

ʵҲûʲôԵģʲôóԵģ
͵ĳʳֻͷ
ͷţһӲˣС¯ӻ̿̿¯ţͷһһָܻ
ﻹе죬ɹɵţ
ǲԭϵĳʳ˶ӲȴýζһϺþãϲûʱԵ㶫ⶫʡ
ǮŪһڹƽʱһһû뵽ԺĳʳʱҳҲ˺óԵġ
ѷ¯ᵽȼָӣ¼̫
ͷȺãһͷһţųԣתͷȥˮˡ
æòֺ
طǲǶڶӺˮˮҲ㣬ֻգһҲղ˶١
ЩؿС¯
Щеûеģֹ۵ġ
ʵĽֹۣǰӲֹ֪ʲô߹֮ӣӵ̫ණһж˵ɼĶ˵Ӧ
ҪţȻ˰͵ֱߣȥЩôģôġ
Ҫĳʲ׾ٵõ
˵ɥȷʵǣ˵Ϊģĸ󣬾Լ屳ѣȷʵС
ɸȴǣһֶδãȻͿ־塣
ֹۣΪ۽磬֪Ǽʲôȴ֪޸ӣҲֵܣıˣ˾֮·˽֪³ˣһɱľ
лᣬ߾߰ɣ¡


38 
ͱ¯Ĺӣڵ
ߣ
ƺɫ̫𾪣¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫɳƵǹ¸ߣֻǲ㡣
ۣ
Ҳ֪ΪΣŭ
˹ӣվۣʲôۣ˼ǣʱ̫ʱҸˣˣ
ŭ˵Ļȴƽеζ
ûҿѵص˵ͷ
һͷ˲ȼ˸ŭ
治֪ﵽʲôҪߣھͲһ𱻹ǸСϲһ֪͵ʲôطˡ
治ߣ
ڱҹ˺ܶ࣬ǰʵһ˾޹Ůⵥˣ̫ӹһ𣬰ҪҲܻ
ꡢ־塢Ҳ£ҪŲǣ
ò߰ĺ˼ˣͻȻ
£֪Ϊλᱻһ𣬶Сϲ͵𴦣
Щ֣ҲЩ֡
ʶʣΪΣ
նҪСҰĸȥⲻͳ©֮㣿˼·
ʲôʲô©֮㣿
ûƳһۡ
㲻Ϊͬͬ귿˰ɣû˸׼ҩָҶھһⲻ©֮ʲôָԼӵ
৵һվֻϧʱδԶ֮ǰֱҩŲЩȣӲվȡ
˼ˣ
ûУذѵϵĹӼ˻ӣ˭֪ǲѾˣһʱҲ˵ҪһԺ֪ûУϾӲȥһʱҲܲܳ
׽ˣѧ˸һ
ӲȥһʱҲܲܳ
һۣôģѵ㲻ϣ
ûвϣ
վʲôֳĻ⣬һʮǰûµ˵е㳬٣ѾˣǸĿֱ̫ס
еˣ
һۣ룬ֵҪȻ泤զ죿ĸӲˣ
۾ٿ
һûװޣǰ֣ҿ϶ܲǣģƴ˹µҲһĸƽ
ҵز˲۾ʲôƴƴģҪġ
.
ͷܿ˶ǡ
ûıţֺһЩˮø굶Ѻˡ
һߣŻʺһĽ¥ϣÿԸ̫Ӻ͸ڵСԺ
֮ǰǷǽΪԼоأⲻ֪һֱ¶Ƥӵ£˼ץȻһץһ׼
㿴ʵͦãֻҪãܺá
ʺ̰ؿһĻЩԶܿĶһϣȫȫβģǸиĹŮڸκӡ
ƺ˵˵˴С굶㵸ģ̫ƺЦˡ
⹬Ůݱ΢ֱɣҲִ󣬺־ûô
ǴھϳǧһʱҲǲ̡
ʱһĻһЩˡ
ͻȻ뵽Ǵºӭ˵һǸиˣ⸣Ҳմ̫үˡ
Ҳһи֮ˡ
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ʺֿһۣջĿ⡣
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԰׵֪ʵûǻʲô˼
ֻҪһϣͲᲽΪӪίߣԸѾϲˣҲԷ˺ƤֻѰ·Կ
ŭϲֻҪԸίߣ˵ǺõġֻҪѰ֮ǰԲȣҲҪһЩʱһгΪ֣ȵʱͻ
еʱ䣬кܶܶʱ䡣
.
ⰵзһУ͸֪
һƺˡ
ʼʱԶÿ̶ָҲɥˣ̽Ÿź̸ѯľơ
ϧûʲôãƺרŽЩصǲ׼˵һʼѯʻʺ״˴ٶĲʲôԷ
ʱôһȥˡ
ͬʱԶڼڵ˾ǡ
ֻϧĲɣǾȻˣһؾǼգ׼Ҳ׼û취ֻܽסڸׯϵũУÿ˼Ǯ͵ǽסĻ
Է˵ǧ֮Ľģ̽ڹﵱŮŮҲԸס
ƽʱȥ̽ʱųԣÿζǮǡ
ڼׯⲻЩԡ
ھׯӣ඼ͨׯӣһЩٻѫ֮ҵסׯϵũǵ軧ٲ֪
˵ڳеǱ߲ˣʲô£Żǡ
֮˵ʲôĶУׯƽʱʳ໹︮Ͳ˵Ļסׯӣĳҵׯӡ
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Ȼû죬ׯʳͲˣŻǷյģֻѫׯĲܽ
һʳͲ˽ǣ֪Ϣ
˵ǻް˳е£ˣ嵽ô£ЩҲֻ֪֪Ǻйء
΢Щģ֪ˣɵλõġ
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˵ͷǸʵĻλȻģȻʱҲͷǸʵйأͳѸ£ռǻ
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͸ûϵˣ˭ʵۻʹǶֻҪŮڻʹС
ǺһʱΧŻʹתһȦ
мţĸǹߵģĸǹߵġȥŵĽ׽˵̽Ů
ǰָ˽ȥæˣɹһһвŸջָ˭ȥһͷŮ
֮ߣû취Ͷÿӹͷ೵̫ࡣ
һЩӼ˿ձ̫˸졣
ȻȻԷæŮΪ˶ӵĴǮ֪˰æôС
̫൱Ӧ
ſڣϧû˼ҹŮһ̫ࡣ
̫ŮǹŮˣǸ̫ү檣ֻϧ˸ʵۣ̫ӿ϶̫ˣҪùָ̫ڳе¡
̫
е£
֮ǰʹӳе¹֪Ůڳе£Ͳˡ
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ڸ᲻ܵǣ»˵
˵û֣ܵǣ˭֪»ʻδãֻе˻صǲ֪
Ѱ˼Ҫȼ˲ܰģˣھǵȡ


39 
ʵʱȥܸоܶʱ̫ӶǿջЦ
ֻ˵ʱԸ˵仰ʱȴ볤õĳĬС
Ȼһ죬صһٺǷʢķ
ȲǰõʳٱճͷҪõ֪ĶȥһֻˣһЩĴ׷
ӹʳʱͻȻģ˵֮ǰһٶͷ
̫ãѰ˹ôˡ
ͷͻȻ˵Ǳ룬˵»ʵǻǴõӣǲܳһٺõģǲվͻᱻǡ
ǶͷȴͶͷɡ
ʳУѷϰںá
Ҳ̫࣬ҪɱǣͽˣαɱȳԱˣ˭֪ȥôָͣȥԱɵ
˵
˴˶׶ԷǿջЦʱЦѵޣ
ȥһܿˡ
ǲҪǴϾ˭֪Ȼã׼Ȼ֮ǰеܱȣܹͽߡ
һθѺǵĻڻʺ顣
֪ûе֣˵ǻʺһ챻ˣٶģͲ˵ˡ
һβֹ˱ѺϾ⼸λӹǸԵĸԼԪ
ʼֻǵĳ󣬸ʮźܼª֪ЩǺһͬ·
ǰţڶ˽ʱŽعӵأȥʱͷüһ
Щܵסӣһ·һ·ޣûͣǲ޷˾ͻȳǱ죬ҲҲ졣
ŮĿܲǺϣ·Ӫʱǿ³ģλӾͱñȽˣ˴С⣬һɲ׼³
ŶҲǻˡ
ݸ֪»ּ˶ΪԪҲݶ˵ۺţΪϵۡ
ȻӲǻӣǹ̫Ӳ̫ӣҲˡ
뿴εģδ³Ҳδ³ֻмǰĵͽͷ˷˾ϳˡ
뿪й֮ǰΪ̫檵Ĵ磬Ǵ˹ŮĹŮûʹĵġ
ƽʱһͣ³Ѱ׽ִϢг˼֪Ƿ̫ӵ檣ΪǸ̺̫ӵСŮ
ּϲЦҲɢɢҲøһϢ
ڳ￴Ϻϣϧм̫Զû˵
ǺãóԳԸúȺȣÿӪʱǾ͵췹Щ˶ˣԵķȻһҪһ㡣
ÿδʱ־ܵ죬Ů컹Ҫĥһƺ˼棬һʱ˺ͷʣ˶١
ÿ³ʱӲ˵ʲôֻǸųĬĬؿ
˼գٴθ̾ԼãԲָϵԣҲָĴƺʲôľüãˮ
ٶøܵͷ
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Ϊû۲ûܵĻ᣿ˣ˼ܶΧˣ˶ƾֻܣܲ˶ԶͻᱻץΧһĲı·ѺЩϾ
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᲻á
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ĵ̰Ҫ˰ԼĲ˵˾ź϶Ҫ
ҸܻиԭŲʦ
ûйʳֵϢ˵ͻؾˣҲе˵һǺ棬֮һõϢû
Ҳλεʣǵľ衣
.
԰շȥˮϴ
һӪˮԴϴϴˢˢǲѣ䲻ڸǰһ벻ͷ棬Լͷ档
ϴţͻȻ˸žĺӡ
ˮͶӰ⺺һֱԼ˾裬˳ץסˮߵʯͷ
㡭
λ磬£
Цеվȴʯͷ
ֹûЩѺǵĸŮв֮١ûᷢǰ˵ﱻѺŵŮرңŮ˶ŮˣⱻЩٲᱡ裬Ҳû˹ܡ
񡭡
ʲô
ʲôͻȻʵ
Ц磬ŮҵĹǲܸ˵ġǹŮ֪ŮڹﶼϵŮˣǰǣɱʲôе˼ʱ
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ЩûƺøôԼ
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ִŸ౤ֵĵһƬɫطУô֪Ǿˣ
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ָ֣еˣ˭֪ԽԽɻô֪С֣֪ܵ
ɽϱɽһϲ
¸汻ˡ
ȷʵûͣɲͼˣ
ҽ򣿡
ɽͷ絷⣺Ǹүһġԣ˵ˣҳүһģ˵Ҫǿ㡣
һүʱˡ
үأ
ڳе¾ͷֿˣү˵ȥǿ㣬ȻȥʱٴջȥϣүӣָһЩӦ㹻˽ˣָôڹܵˣҳ㳤٣ǿ϶Ҫ
ʱҲƽʵ˽㲻ڽôܵеˣ˵ĳʲô
˭֪ʲô淢óҾʹ¼Сˡ
ɽӺ׵˺˶Ǵӽͱģ˺ӡͦ󷽣˾¾˵һ˹һ˸ʮӡⲻСӣ췢ôǣӵķϾˡ
ɽ˵˵еºʲô֪ЩӽǱߵġ
׼˭֪˺ȴûó
ֿ̫УһɶûɣһѺͷϵ۵ļҾؾ
ɽ˵һ㣬һ㣬רŽЩϵۼҾһ٣ͻعһǶԲ˶ߡ
֮ǰµһܣӹ滹һٱǡ


40 
˵ţͻȻһ
˶ס
ɽһۣͷˡ
˿ıӰֿ˿ɽЩŮ˿ɲǵģԶ㣡
Ҳûǣһͬ硣ɽźףЦһû͸¶͸ݹϵ
ͬ磿Բţ֪˭𣿸ͬ硣
ɽ֪ЩЩӹıһִ³
ЩҲ֪Щ£ȻҲڵɹˣ˫űгʵ˭Ҳ˭
ɽҲЩþС̣𿴴ùʻżףʵһֻܴ
Ҳ¾ǣǳ׬ӵģһһ¡
˭
֪˭𣿡ңָһ¡ǰ̫ӡˣǹŮʵ̺̫үŮˣλ̫үûϣԺСҲǸڲˣҲǵġ
֮ǰͷû㽻ͷ˭ҪǼѾϵĻӣλ̫ˣ
ɽһ㶡
ָ̫ү檣ҵθ񰡣
ɽеţܵûǹϴ֣ͬ硣
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˵ˣɽȻֻЦӦǣ˵Ҳˡ
.
ȥ󣬾Ͱ¸˵ˡ
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ЩԹôڿ˼ܡ
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㵣أ
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е㵥еۡ
Ҳ˽ദʱ
һϸ̫ӣȺҫ۵ĴڡĻôԸ֣ԸֵǼƽ̫࣬СϲС·ƽʱǰôѵţʵû񷣹˭
˵̫ӵʵΪʵǱ
һˣ͸ôҫ۶ĿĻţȴֶ˼
һɣƽʱǲǸöలοǸ÷̫ƽŪǣҲװ£ʵϱѹš
ŷȵۿҪˣˣᣬĺÿȥ϶ҪҸ˼ˣҴĶȥ޸ˣ
ֳˣٳڴ֮ǰе֪
ϸҲûһŮңûкӣ뿪⣬϶Ҫ˵ģȻҲȥ
ѵˣ㲻Ķӣѵ뿴ԱЦűˣˣ
룡
ǰ;ã
ǣֿʼʹıصĳѹţо͸滹Ҫװ¡
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˽ҪúõģΪҶӿܻеĺӣҲҪúõġɽǰ·үСҵĻֻҪûܻϣҵϣ
⼸ҲˣĵĻҲѾ͡ҲҪʱ򱻷ϱȲϺãҪɱ㣬Ѿһ顣նλѵǰװˣֻҪװͲɱ㣬ָصǰҫһͰˣˣҲûʲôв
ʵ֪ûô򵥣ֻ밲ο϶Ҫõ˵
Ҳ֪ûô򵥣ʵ˵һǶԵģҪɱὫͻؾֻҪ˲ֻҪ˲ǻܻġ
Ҿﻹ棬ҵᣬи桭
һƽûʮ˵Ůӵš
û˵ĻֻǱ˴ӵŶԷļ˴һЩο
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.
ϣǾ˯
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ǱйʱϸˣֻѣԼһӡ᲻һӣǰѽòŲԼϡ
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ҸҽõӣǺүǮͷҲЩ˵ģȻعԣҾѰ˰æܲܰӳȥûӿɰ첻¡
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ЩҲֻ֪ܼܲеʱ˵ʵڲǾͻȥ
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⻰ʵøҲãȻˣôɽ߿ʹ˸ɫҴ뿪ˡ
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Ѻ͵ͷҡҡͷһ͵ˣҪ֦Ⱥıǹܣһ²һ¡
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̫Ƿˣ̫ӱлʺ󣬻ңֻԼ£͵ʹģǹҲǹܡ
ǡ


41 
̶һµʱ䣬þһ췭ظĸı䡣
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Թ伸ûѵµʲô
ھĸ߹ٱ빬УҸۡƣͬʱµ۴ӳе´ǲֹԱҲǳˣ֮ѡ񲻹ʱ⡣
ھĸ߹٣඼ĸ٣٣Ӧ͸еڲǡٶͷˣЩûͷ
˵ף⽭ɽҵĽɽȥⶼһֲˣҲֵˡ
˭ʵۣǼ˼ңӰʲô֮ǰʲô٣Ժʲô٣˵ΪʶȤٽһ
յľţǡǡΪӦԹ֮ĶңԼǼ𼸼ҡ
⼸Ҵ඼ͷϵĪϵоͰڵżҵȣƽ˳ЩǾŴ󿪣Ѹ¡
ֶΣµ۵ǻʱûκ谭ǻ֮ж⵽ʹá
ǰչٻǱϸͱΪ˵Ļǣǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ûбǣģ޲ҲѣͬʱһֱûжңЩǣϵĶ½ֵԼ
лҾС
л׸лҲȥе£˸ֻݻǰȥ˭֪ôһ¡
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Ҫ֪лҿиŮͻ˷̫ӣԭʮ´飬ЩлΪ˳ﱸŮĻ£Ҳǳ˺üηͷ
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һĪչ֮ʣ˸л׸˸ӣΪβµۻδҶ֮ǰµʾò̫ӼƲϵ
һ׸ܵõµΣ˵ڸһҲл㸲֮Σ
лô˷ãΨõľôδ̫ۡ
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Ȼٳ˼ֺµۣȻΪٶ꣬ȡȱҪԴ˶Ǽ˳ͷµЭ
ؼ̫Эᱻڸ̰̰ͼ̫翹µۼɻ䣬Ժùٳ³
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Щл׸Ҫǵġ
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ͨˣлͲԥˣ˸ʵʱȥµۡ
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¡
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
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.
ǶĴ²˲ӣû뵽Ѻػʹֱؽ˶
Ҳ֪ϲǸñ
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ǻ˱ûСϲӵˣΨһֵҵǣǱؽ˶˱ط֮ǰǸСԺҪĶࡣ
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С̫Ҳ˵̵ֻ̫ذæ˼仰˳㻹һϢİүʹˣˣҪģȹһϸ˵


42 
ԴˣڰЩΨһеĵʱ
ϢҲ΢Щġ
ʲôҲˣֻܱĵϢΨһֵҵľµƺûҪ
֮Σֻ֮˵
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˿Զ̧ͷͷôҲǲܸ㡣
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οжû׽ѣˣǲƺİ̾Ǽǰ˵ˣӾܺù࣬˵ʱҪͶ񵹺ã˽
㿴û˵ɣôõģǸ˵ĵطЩڨڨ
ʹͷϵķ
˵ûˡ
ΪֻҪڹֻҪһֱǺá
Ȼ̧ЦôˣûԹ㣬Լģʹû˵ЩɻҪҲڡ
ڣǸйأ
̫Сֻ˺֡
ЦЦʲôҪźǣˣҵġ
ʲôĽʮˣϣƫͷ˿ֵ£ҿûǣиСֹŮ빬£Ҳû¼ǮӣȴΪһС̫͵͵ޣͰӶȥ˸Ƥӡ
վС̫࣬һݵ⣬Ǿ©
ЩһͺˣЩһӶϵôƤӡ
ɸսΪС۸ҲԼ̫ˣƤӣֻԼɧζ
Ϊôϴǳģ˳Ц۸ʱͻȻһСŮΪζޡ
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СŮ׺׵вһҪǵûӡ
С̫ȴۿˣǱжġ
ʵǵܹȥҹ¹ùýӣŴչƤӵǮ

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˼ĳˣһԼԴϣԺлŮ޸ɡ


43 
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Ӧظɲ֪Ϊмֲζ

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˴ԷȴǯţʺһҧڶԷͷϡ
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֪ҲͲ֪ˣ֪˻ôװ֪
¡λӦó֪Ҫ뿪Щδ˵
ĬĬֵˣҪţ˵Ժ󡣡
˵꣬ǰȥ
ͣϢϡ
˵ЩҶӦ˵˶Ҿ¡ˡ
˿ЩȻӡ
ڣʼǸˣǷܽ˿޹ʹ飿
ʲô
ùײū˵ֱ̫̫ࡣ
սūǣѧıôô򡣹شˣ̫߹ùȰơ򡢶룬˲ܴ˿ڣ˵ֶβҪ̫ࡣ
һգһ죬Ŀ֮ūǣ˴ͷü˳۵ģ
ӶЩ߸ϵĹ˵޷ġ
ͻȻһɼʸУǸ˾͸֪͸úú裬˭
ǲǿ쵽ˣ
ۼڼ̲סŵ
عˣչȥǡ
.
Ů̫ļ̽ף˵ڹŴʵڹ档
ΪӹᾭһĳŶŶ㹬š
һ㶼ǷأĹһ㣬滹һ㡣
ʱŶԵλãڷһŽľ٣վһһӡ
˶ĿߴһŻɫ̺֣һɫ̺֣˼ƶ޻ӣϵǸ˸ӣŸ̸ˡ
ԶͿүˡ
үˣͷӶˡ
޵ģԽ߽ԽޣߵǰѴĬĬᵽ޳
Ҳһ
һɱǧţ󻨣ͽ˹ҵָ㳤үϲˣݳ
һ˳
ү
һԼͷ󺹣븣Žżǰգľϲ˺ܶӣһСľͻᱻˡ
Сӡ
զˣɻֶָˣ
Щ˼ĨĨϵᣬүûֶӣǶﴧˡ
ˣ
һĺ̸˵ڵϡæͷȥ񣬼ŵǸùߵķ̫ӵģ
ү˵ɶأô˵ģŲǵùߵġ
ŮŤǸпǷ
զүˣҪʵڲҾ͸㣬ֱӻɶʱֱӽɽȥصģصʱҲץˣڴޣզߡ
㹬ǰͰһӽҲʮˡүļ棬һƤӵ¡
ڿɺãǿޣ˻ˣҲͰգ⵱үĻҪ˹Ůɽﲻ
ǵǰı
ǿЦá
Ҳɫ˵ŵ㡣
үܣ޶զ죿
զ죿ùߵģԼùˣŮû
æүô˵ʵͦõġ
ˡ
Щģ
ǰɡ
Щ̫˵ĵģҲİɡûӣӣЩΰڼɶģֻЩó
һ˼ҵֶ̣ǲ˼ҡ
桭
үģͷûΪǣҲгкȡ
гкȾС
ֻҪӾͲѹ
ǡ
ӻһ
үЩţ˺þõ˽Ǯ֮ǰûعʱҲĪǱˣҿԭ񶼸㣬ŸȥɣԽԽ䣬·˶Ͳˡ
ܵҲҪӣ֮ǰǸһЩӣЩ㹻ˡѵҪˣѣɶ¶Ӵ㣬Լš
һС
ãһԵͷˡ
Ǽˣ˹˲׼д̽ʱӣҲҪ·
Ŀǲⲻ׼ݳȥᱨ⹬˵ÿ·
˭֪һȥеЦе߿еű𴦣ûֹ˼
ɻģҲû˵
գӻǱȥˣΪ͵͵ү˵Ӳֹһ㣬в١
ȥҲȥ˵컹Ҫ͵Ķɶģܡ
Ҳ֪ܲסүֻԼ´μӡ
ΪˣЩ˵ˣ˵컹ҪһˣλͨͨڡڴӻͳһһӣҪǣȥȾƣֻûա
ʱһͷģ˳ڹţͷ˰ɡ
ȥүǲӣϺʵڲ̤ʵǧ̽Ůû뵽Ůѡ̫ˣѾͷͱǲͽ˹ûһ졭
Ҫƪ۵˵ͷæ
ˣˣذɡ
үٴθ𣬸һͷظԶˡ
Ҳȥˡ
ͷȴͻȻʵϺҸղ˵ҪŮȥôô
ǻҲûġ
ֱˣЩ
ЦЦû˵ֻǰŵĹӳ˳̵һ˵ϡ
ŹӸŮˡ
һ߹ͷ
ȴͷŵһ鿪ѵĵש㶡
ͷùóģ
һ
ʱ˳ŵˡ
ͷ˴ã
˵˼˵ҪŮɶ治黰
ͷģô䵽ŮͽŮҿ䴩Ŵ磬ȷʵͦ
ͷҪҪȥ
ȻҪȥ
˽ү׾ټ棬ܵڼдӳȥ


44 
ȥ·ϣô˵
ȥǲ˵ˣһһ졣
ȥֻ˵үүĳ˵ү˵һЩĶ
Ǽһ£Щ±˵ϸ飬ĬҲ˵ȥˡ
Ĭˡ
ˣҲ㣡
Ƹ۵˵֮ǰ˵Щ˵ʺסԪ˵ԡ
ȥ¿һ˫ظʹ۾
֪ûûס̧ͷ˭֪ϵƽ
ʵͲµˡ
ĬĬһĸִĸ˵岻ƣպ֮ӴҲ⣬ѯɣĸ˵еʵǴұĸ쳣ֻûϸ룬룬ʵЩжߡ
ейԼһ·ϣԼֱػضʵȴȥелҼʹܵǣ˵Լ⣬λлǲֱܳģΪ̫ҽ֮£Լȥ֮̽¡ܶԣϢӡ֤ҵĲ²ˡ
ʵͲµˣֻһֱû˵
ָоˡ
㡪治óȰˣҲҪ
ɵӣôܹĸ󣬡ЦĸͻˣǴʱ˿̻˵
ģʵܵûš
վ߹ȥס
£ҪʵܣͿһɡ㲻֪ҸղżүݺݵؿһоˡҪޣͿޣҲû˿
¿̫ûޡ
˵ô˵һԼӲڻҲǴй˳
˾ͱãֱ̧ͷ
㲻Ҫңӣû£Ǹˡ
û뵽ǰſ޵ϡﻩԼǸˣܾЩЦǳЦЦ
ͷǸˣжҪ죬أԺҺ޶ָˣһҪúõġ
һúõġ
ɳʲô
ǵʶԼܣʶЩ²ʶԼͷıΡ
ɳĵ·˵Ҳ˵ʵҲһ˲䡣
.
ٶȼ
үȻ׼˲ٹʲް׼˼вܷŵױĳʳ
ɽϽȥһ붬·̫䣬϶˾Ͳˣǰ˸ϲȥ
ͱҺˣв߾ߵġǻȥʱҪ˳Ѻһŵķˣ̵ʱ򣬵ߵʱȻһߡ
бⶼɶһеĵ
˶شƫƧ䣬Ϊຮ˴֮֮Ҫһ㣬ǵطѩ½һ֮аʱ䶼ڱѩأŷ˼֮˵ĵط
ֺ˲١
仹ǿຮûô䣬һ㷸˴˱Źȥ￪ֵء
ʶ뵽ӵˣǲŵľǣ

Ҳûϸ򣬺˵мǰǹ˵ˣ˵и档ҪһȥʣŶ
˵ãһҲǸϽؼˡ
.
ΪæһѶûȥߵ·ʱҵСˣǡû
￩һ
̾˿ȻȰЩҸطţҴȥСӡ
ˣѾвõԤˡ
֮ȰѶŵĳطȥСӡ
С֮ԽΪԲŶӣȴݵôӻƶ̶
һͿ
ʦͲˣȴһֱ㣬ʼԸҽҲ˸ҽȴʲôֻ˵ʹˡ
㶵ţᣬʮְգԼȻʦ
ʵͲ˵쳣ֻû£ȥʦСӶ˵أæˣԼûʦˣòöС˵ġ
Ӫس֮ǰʦͲˣǴαˣʵġ˺Ƕصĵڶ죬ʦͲˡصˣ׼ҳȥɥ£ʱҲҲײģһæ˿ڱƤײģʦݲˡ
ʦ˵˵㶫û˵ط˵⻰㣬֪ˡ
㶵ģҲ˵ȰҲ̫ѹ겻Сˣֲʹģϲɥ
ôϲɥˣˣϲ
úúõģܳͰʦӳȥТܳҪŬϢЩҪʦȻϣôˡ
ôˣ
ȥŷһˡĨĨᣬ͵Ͷ˵
Ҵȥ
.
ôطȴ˷ǡ
˼ˣִӲ˽ͷһĻҳ
ȥǽǣ˻һש
һש󣬽״ˣשǽͳ˸ľϻӡ
رĵطûÿηһ룬һ
˵ﲻȣ⣬˭Ҳ벻طض˵ضҪص˲뵽ĵطȫġ
˸ÿβӣӲڹЩֵֹĵطء
Ϊϻﶼӣ˭֪ӣһСӺһԼһС
ţܿȥ档
ֻʣ˸һˣóŴ򿪿
⻹Ǹһοʦдô֣ϵúãá
յ󣬸ӵؿеš
ʵͲʦ쳣ԺʦǹŷܳЩǰ´
˵ʦŷһ̫࣬һéٿڳͻͽһ·ܳλá
Ķѧأͻᣬֻ͵ʦ᰾һͲſϡ
ҲʹʦʦȴֻЦ
ʦˣ˵֪ŷۼ˴޶ĴǰͻСʱãֻʦò̫óˣڳԽԽᵽʦ֮
յڽ⿪ˣԭʦڻԵɺ¼һףǱд൱ûеĲˡ
ʦڼ񵽲׺ָԼŷѧڻ֮ͨ󣬲ŵ֮
ԣǱʦѧ±˷ֱ֣ˡýĲˣҲ̸ˣǱСд˼ӣʦòýģ룬дԷһ֮á
ǸСӣʵһЩЩռϵӡЩʵҲУ벢סҲǽŻʹ֮ķ㣬뵽ġ
֪ЩʲôŷиСԺ˲ãʦõϣƽʱʦЩӴžЩ
ʵЩûеõɣȻЩʦһжײˡ

ЩľϻﻹЩӣԼʮӣЩĻ˲ռطĽӣ
ŷ󣬸ѽӷһСӡ
ȻʦҲʦܣʦĻһ룬ѱҲչ˲㣬ԼҪúõġ
㲻õģһ㿴ģʳ֣ʳӦû˻Ϊ
Сֿ޵ϡﻩֽʦ㣬ֲҪӣǸӲġ
ȥ󣬸Ѵ¸
Լǰ¸¶ɫ˵ڸ˵˵¡
˭֪֮æľȻˣȻͳˣ˶֪
һô£Լججģǵöǰһ仰֮ǰ·һֱûǰʦ¡
ֽǮոʦ
֮һѡ
ո˭Ҳû˵¿ոʵġ
û֮Լµģ˻ʺ£ˡ
գٶȼүү
µûҪѺ͵ŵˣȻǣ˵ӣԼλδ޹
ֻӹһ٣Ϊڳе֮ʱͼͰˡ
µøʮָ̾Ǵһ˷ǣֻϣһСԺܺúõġ
±ֳ֪Ĭ
ɵʵ˵Ҳãû֮ǣǵǣҸ˵һ·չһܲڡ·ϡ
Ǵ¾иˡ
˶٣ֵǰìܣס
æ±ģһݻæʵ˵һЩĽǣţ벻Ƥӵ£ҲЩҼڵľԶ˾˵ǵطɽˮطຮຮຮֻҪڿ죬Ҳûл·
ҲŵͺˣҾʹңһôӣʱǸǼݣüĶأүԣҰºȥСʳ̣ӿ϶ܹúܿ֡
˭뵽гһգ˻˵Ҳܹ֣
û뵽ǣµ۾ȻҪͻ飬ͻĶǱˣǸ


45 
ΪĹڵ֪Ϣʶµǲ
ұͣʵĹŮȻھһϵеĴ䣬̫Ӳ̫ӣŮɻǹŮ
˭֪ȴá
ֻظЦһµҲãҪһ֡Ȼ֡
¶Ȼ֮ɫæʵҪ֣Ȼô岻ģҵίˡôһҲܸүˣүܾǱ̣ˡ
䣬ʵⶺֵġ
Ҳˣȴһ̽ӵ
Һܸмϲһʱң
һ˵Ļⲻڡ
˵ЩʲôǱǸ
ǰ
ૣ˿Լ֡
ʱ⴫һ󶯾
˱̫⣬ʲôˣʵѲĵæɿȥûס
СĶӡ
˾ţ
˾࣬㲻żŮһŮŵз׺ɫϲ
¶һĨЦ
˾ǣ
ϲ
˵ʱ˾ſһֵۣ潻Ǽϲ£񲻿ɷϣ䲻ܴ죬ϲǲٵġҲˣͽɣǹǲӵġ
˵Ǵͻ飬û뵽ǰϢˡ
Щ˾˵͸˵һų˾һȥˡ
ù㻹ðɣ˵йһ󡭡
˾̾һ
ȷʵһ󣬲֣֮ǰؾȷ˻ʳǣַ˹ţʱˣֻǱѹšµ۵ǻһָ糣ڷϵ۹ϵֺ̼඼һ١
Ƕǰľ˴ǣǰ˶ˣйͺйҲ⣬ΣŮټŮ٣ŮŮ٣Ůջعǻұʳ
ǹùڣ
˾ȻһЦǹٸԭְ˰ɡ
Ǹʺй𣿡
˾һ㶵û뵽㾹Ȼµˡ
˵ţֵµûңʳͺйٸԭλˣҲ˻ʺĺ鸣
£ں𣿡
˾һĶ౦һۣ벻ãô˵÷˵µΪʺ󡭡
৵һվ
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౦Ҳһ΢춯ûע⡣
˾̾˿ʮָӡ
˼ǳܴģʳ˵ﲻԸҵŻͷһ
ôͷ棿
ǾͲܴˡ
Ϊ£Ҳû˼ʱˣ˾ųȥżŮһ
ǹЩ죬㰸ְ޵һ£·ڵ˺
ٽʱϴɫϲ
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һأݸã޶԰ݡ
ݸʱûиڣͶһſõıһ¡
ʵףűǻʺܶⳡҲǻʺ˼
˶ݵĸԸ
·˺⣬һʢľƲˣ˾˵רΪ׼ġ
ﻨȼˡ
Ȼ˾ʱôһΣǸΪࡣ
Ե㣬׳㣬ҲԵ㣬Ѷĺ׳׳ģܹһƬ⡣һ߸вˣһߵ
˰һųԵһգҿޣҲóҹôˡ
.
գ˾ˡ
ʰղõĶ⣬ŸȥһطԪ
Ԫȣƺûʲôͬкܶ಻ͬ
ͬڵûʱǰʺۣλǸطȴ˷ǡ
ֻʺ˺ܶ࣬㲻

δ
Ӳϲ޵ԸҲ֪Ϊʱûסƺкܶίĳˡ
ʲôǵһ򵨴󡣡ʺ
ֽӣ
һյ裬ݸ
Щ㶣ֱĹŮ˸ƣŴæŲվʺǰ¡
Ȳ衣
ʺ󵭵
æָĿڡ
Ȳ衣
ʺѲ˹
һһµƲĸĭƲɾˣŴյߣһڡ
йŮǰӲյйŮӣиŮ˸ʺ󽫲յݳȥֽӹӲ˲ǣϵĶ
һö
΢΢ؽ˸ķϡ
ûʲôֻ֪öӡ
лл
ͻȻʺһץס֡
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ﲻһ£һֱܵûס
ʺջ֣Ͳˡ
ɡ
ȥɡǱĶϱøƸ񱾹㣬һӣȥ
óʺԸٶ˵ֻվһͷȥ
ȥģиŸСӵĹŮ

գһʻʹ
һֱſڳ⿴ɶûп뿴ˣֱиӰڹϵĳ¥ϡ
£쿴
ʵ֪ڿʲôûֹֻװ֪Թעӡ
ʱ˼ȥʲôԶӡ
գǱ˳Ǵȥ
ô󣬴۾ˡ
¥ϣһֱ侲ĮȻĻʺ̲סˡ
ʶǰһסǽ￴ţһֱ۾ˣʧǰ
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ʺĬĬվš
ޣӻڸУ¾ܵ¡һ·ϣŮӵļշѵ㻹ܰģ
ᵽ֣ʺ̲סˡ
ôģܰģ飬㵽׿ĶˣĶˣ㲻ɱңɱң
رסЪ˹ؽ˴
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պ󣬹ﴫϺްŵϢ
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ʵܶ˶֪ô£µԵǻֶУ˼ҶսսУҲû˸˵ʲô
ʱŵһȺ뿪˾ǣ̤ǰңԶ֮·


46 
ԽԽ䣬ȳ˳ǣĿ֮һƬããĴء
ѩµú飬ķ磬СӸһ㡣
컹ҪһȺƿ·һ·ϱⲻ˻Թ
ڹı˵ܿ㶥ʮ͵ˡڸ˵Ѻ͸òǣලãһ˻Ҫߡ
Ψһֵҵģαŵ˲ͽ˼Ȼ࣬һﾡܶһЩˣһůͣߵҲ졣
ֻһֻˣû飬֪ͷλ⡣ˣ֮ǰﻹǻӡͨͨһ
Ҫһθм׼ˣ·ϵôڳﶼûôоҲүµ˼ӵ棬Ȼ߲š
ú޲ͼÿֻͼ磬ĺ벿ӣƽʱԶͷǰ벿СԼ̿¯ˮ֮ģƽʱ¯յˮȵͷС
֮ǰŮŮ˳׼
ǳʳܷŵȵһѡţһӣͷӱ˼ӣмΰ͡ǵȵȣɶһԵͲ棬ǰջ̨һڴ
ȻЩһɵģ·߱߰졣꾭ȥ򣬷ȲڱҲû˹˶ǡ
Сɰڷ¯ϣ˼ˮȥˮ󣬴ͲĿڴ뼸Ѹɳ档
ţӽܿ쳴ͱǳɫĺ״
ϲģ͵ʢһ룬ǽȡүүϲ̿ڵģͷΣ֮ǰٷż͡
ּͻţͳͲ棬ʱùˮݿڻ̿ڵĶóԡһ룬ϵ¶ůġ
ǰٳԲᣬٿϼӣͲ棬ֱɶ
Ե׶ʱװ׹ֹΣͽ
̧ͷԵҲϻһͲ棬ѾЩˡ
ⶫˣô˼죬ۿɼˡԲˣɫҲоͺư׵ġ
Ե㣬һʱЩˣյԡ
ۺϣһЦϣһƫƫЦһζ
Ҩһ׺ιȥ
ſڣԽȥ
꣬̾һ£Ҳóԣû̿ںóԡ
ʱˣһιԼ
˿ĿӣþҲٳˣԳˡ
ɾųһү㼸Է
˻δͣһϺӳ
ͷϴƤñӣһɫĴްմЩϸѩðź
һ߸ʢͲ棬һ߰̿ϵĿӼ˳
үô䣬ͽ⳵ֲûյء
ҽڳþͷ
Ҫ᲻Լĺ̸ˣûãͺһھƣȻĺ̡ĵֳܻרҶС̺һ굽ͷҶԼɹԼƣſԳһꡣ
ɸӣڳȻʣͷ
ְѽţһУ⳵ﻹпСľר壬ƽʱеʲôĶʡ
ţеüٰѾóһơ
ţ⣬һߺȾһ߳Ͳ棬һͲ¶ǣ˹غ
ʶȤȥͷ棬ø壬Լ˰յӡ
һκյʱֳôͺȹ͢ӷǺð춼ת
ʼԼŮףܺȾơڹ⺺˲ܺȾƣͲˡ
ɵΪŵķˣǲܸģǾֻдӺȾֺ˼ˡ
ÿȾʱԼһЩͷȡһʼ¶ǣҲ治ɫ롣
ҲԸЦˡ
һƺȰգͣˡ
Ⱦйģʲôʱܺʲôʱܺȣúȶ٣ﶼ
ȥ򡣡
ʱֻɽһ󺮷
æʢһͲ档
Ⱥȵůů
¶ǣɽˣž龴һȺһڡ
ǵģȣȣôġ
ԽԽаˣǧĪ´ѩȻǰɸϲȥˡ
ܵ˵ЩϣǰϻؼңԸ·Żô
̾ɽ˵ϵˡ
Ǹ̸ˣ񸣶һЩ飬֪ͨġ
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αŵģ˼ӼǸĸ⣬ǸԵĸмǰϵۻʱΪó
Щóģɽ˵ģһЩײĽʿΪΪ檡³ȽϺõģ³õľˡ
ĻԽӣԽ¶ԣŶѣȻ˲ʲôˡ
Ϊ˸·ѺͶߵúܼ治˵ͣǲͣģ³ҪҲұšƽʱĳʳǲ˵Ӽȥˡ
·ţ˾ʹˡ
һţʼ˹ܣǳ⼸ͲˣǴ
˵ˣҲֻʣ̾Ϣ
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ģΪˡ
ЩΪδܣΪһͷҲΪ˱Ӻ˶
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иճµĹˣţ˴ûȣ˵ȵ˵ط˾ˣţǸģǸ¹˲̫ۡɽ˿ھֵ


47 
ɱط͹ⲻһַɶɱƬط
شȺӣִڱ߽֮أгжˣвԭ壬Դ˵زԵطٸΪܣǲ˾ܡ
ڸݸ轫һְ罨ǹϽɶһƬģ䲻ŵطܵط
֮踱ͳЭ켰ررһǧܡܵΣפأ¸ձС졣
ţǸ죬ɽĶͷϼֹӶ¾
˵Ƿֹܾʵںܶط;ͻķˡ
ԭһ·ӱϣǰ߾ɶһԳֶꡣǰõͱƣʱ﹩սʱӦս˷þͺ軨ѳ͢ãԸ㡣
ȻҲûб׶˵ģҲϸ˵
˶ȡɽ󣬴ı޷ã֪ͱб׶ˣΪ˽⳯͢ȼü֮ںܶطѡ˴ְ취
ɱ߾һ
Եкܶ򣬶Χǰķձ衣
˵Ǿ¶ձʵǸгǽСǣСʮﲻȡӶձСС죬ʮ߼ʮפء
һ굽ͷûΣƽʱǸͨһΪ
ţǸ٣ʵɱߵĻǸޡ
ȻСǸ٣Ҫͨչøԣ㡣ɳ¹ʲôˣǰҲǸȴΪıһͷ綷ĵС١
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Ͳţ⣬¶ټ䵰ʳ汻紵ţԵȶôҲȿǿ
ǧܿɽԼֵͣһ÷ķ㣬ӵӡ
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ҡ

ȣգҪһЩյҩǵѲůʳҲԻҪһЩȵĳʳһ٣ϣÿ춼ܸṩһЩ
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ЦЦʵҲҾǲֵһߵļǮ


48 
ڳ֮ǰ˵ֻ
һߵļǮ
ôԼ
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ƺԥֱͦ˵ļֵҪôʸҪʸͼõʸЩͷһҲƲңңϾܵõı̫͡
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Ҳﲻ¹϶۾Դ˹ȫ١
̫ԺҪһֱڽȵ˵طѰ˭۱Ǽƽ֮ǰʺԵ顪
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ʵøת֪Ȼ
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صȻ˹Ļ¶˼̬֮
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49 
ɣڱѺ֮ڼ䣬ÿһݸ赱عٸͨϸӡԴֹѺ͹ٲδְǵˡ
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ȣǵû߹ٹǰˣǰñ˰ˣǽ˲
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ǵǴλϣɵģһ£ȥӰƣ˵ô󣬲ȥ
˸ʵǸӡ
ڱˣָߺ󱻶˹ʣһֱ
ү㿴ܸܲҸǿԳ򡣡
ƺܲ쾹˳ӸôβٲҲ˵ˡ
˳ҲܸҶ˵һ䣬ҿ˿ˣҲʣһʹ˴ҲһκãʹҾȹһ֮ˣҲչֺαػԩǮ
żվ˵˭֪û졣
㿴ܲܰ˴ȥҸҽݰãҽݵչһ
ٲҡͷɲУ˷ųȥ˭֪᲻ܣˣҿɵ𡣡
ɽǰһ㿴ʣһˣָ͵ҽݾͶˡҪϱǰ˴ߡϣҶŻؼҹ֪꣬Ҳؼҡ
ٲɽž֪ҲǡԼˡ
ɽԥʶȤشӻͳӣ˹ȥ
и㣬ͿˣҲǿ⺢ӿʮ꣬ҪҪͷȥ񣬲Ǵ߸ˡ
ٲ˵ӣֿ˿Ҫˣǰһ˷˷¡
ûӦӵȷʵˣǾͱɣǰҰȥˡ
УͰ졣
.
û뵽ôףҲ˲øˣæѰӾˣ̧ĳϡ
ְѸĶϳ˸ųȥ
ȥҽݣ̧ȥҽݵĴֻҡͷԸա
ˣŪ֮ҽʹҲѰ
ȥ˼ҽݶˡ
û취ֻһҽݣô˿ڸˣٿҩ˴ߣȥ˵
ܻܲͿүˡ
ŪЩɫѾˣɽųܣʱѾ¶ʮߡ


50 
ʱλھºɽһũԺ˻һá
ү˲ٺòˣ˵ҪŮŮȥĶӣҲ˵ֻ˵úΰѲˣ֮ǰܸϻ
˭֪䣬ȥȣֱӰȼˮѲ˷ͷš
Ｗһˣüꤡ
ǺӣסӶ౦ҪԵģûסԹ춼ˣզûϻˡ
ʵ˶ãϾԹˣɶ˵үһˣ͵ŸŮŮӷ磬͵ˣɴûĸӶ
˶üꤣ˵ӡ
ŸɩҰʱͰѴɩĲ˿
д⣬дӣүӻɱһֻ㣬ӡͿˮģ޲ŰѺóԵĶúý
˶֪һӱԣ
ٿųôĵܵ౦Ҫٲ˵̾ĥҪ˵ñȳԵ㡣
౦ȳԣٵ嶼ˣȻٲʱͽӷĲˣҪһӻˣʱʲô
Ҳ˳˶飬ʲô٣˵ˡ
ڵͷۣҪȥȻүǻˣȥ˽ǡ
һ˵ͷۣţ󻨶ʱ˲Сˡ
ϲСûҲƫСûͷּҶ꣬ͷǸ󷿹ġ
ƽʱͷӹټһִģԱСӵó裬ǰҲÿվ
ٰǲǶˣ
ȻˣǴˣ̡
̣Ҳٵȵүǡүʱô˵ģﱸ˷ˣȳԣʹһȥӽ㣿
ȻǵãôһѣҲ𷽲Ų÷˳ӳԡͷרŽ£һȻ϶ûꡣ
Сӻ֣ţ󻨴ӶͳһѸɶӸ
ҪǶˣȳԵ㶹ӵ棬Ҫүܳԡ
ĵһۣûҵɡ
ͱͱߵɷһۣû
ȵѾȥүû
Ѿ͵ôһУһæվͷȥˡ
ѾѾĿһָۣڴһȥˡ
հº«ưҲˡ
Ҵϱţضţ󻨹
̣ëѾôСľҪȳϣ
ȥͷˣҲû˹һֶϱҲæñ߹ġ
ǾǣܶСܶ
ţ󻨲㱻˵˽
ˣˡ
ֻǲһӺһ¶ӿ˳ȥÿɽҲˡ
椡
໵һ˹ȥ
ûüΪ
ұŮ޵ָּ
˨ԱҲܼǸˡ
ŮСͲԸ˽椣㻹Сˣȥȥ
˨û˵ǴСͲԸ˽椡
طȡʲôѾѾ椶椵ģǼŮǾͱȡ椡
СʲôʱȻ˽У΢µ㣬СͲԸˣΪ̫ˣͲĥү
ĥ˵СŮ椶椽ʲô
СŴ۾ҲܣҲҪ椣үȡģ
һˣﶮȢʲô֣˸ڴţһ˵˫ӣȡ˶รĸ֡
СøٶѶรˣܵ˸١
ҪԸջûдɣΪСʱֳܳԵ֣շָΪ֪
ߣȥ
һȺΧŸߣֱߣȥĸ߸ˣ˲֪©˸ˡ
ָˣ˵ﶼˣ
˨ҵ˶̾ٻרų۽Ķӣȷʵеġ

󷽷
÷֣¼˾Ϊûзһ˵ҪôҵģҪôˡ
ſڽˣɿǰô治֪ýʲô죬ѾˣҺڿ
һһܣʱ˵ˡ
Ƚȥ䣬ȥ˵
һֺȥˡ
µķӶҲһ乬̨ܶԵе㰵
ٲ֪Ķϣ
ڼ仹һ£ţƺе򣬳һۣû
ˡ
Щ˵С̺Ͷ壬żϳ˾Ͳʶˡ
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ָһһںһ
ȳǶ꣬Сˡ
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˶أСͷμҪġֱ׹ɶģ˳קһȥ
ҿûУȻ
ЦеشӻóֽԼ˵ݸǡ
ӦװͭǮҲ࣬Ҳͼö
ôٵļ񣬸ȥǺʣ
úöúã/øǳԡ
ٿСĶ˵úܣн/ø
һԣ϶ѧϱɶСƷѡ
ˣһ治˵͵ؿ˶ϱһۡ
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СһڴμĿϡ£ûΪС˲ˣе˶УֻǷҪȴһЩ
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һɽ˨ԼС롢ѧ٣и
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ҲҵԹָ֪ССǲϴģÿָүү裬үүߣүв˳ԡ
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θүߣһɽ׶ӶˡɽŮһ˸˲æٷ˵Ǹӷ磬Ҳилζ
˲ܼǲٵġ
ɽҲûԼˣүү˺Ͷ壬úܣȻһôˡ
ڸߡ
϶ˣ԰ɡ
ӣ˲Ŷӡ
ʵʵʶˣʲô˵顣Ĳ˾ûȥүвˣ˺ĸﶼУͽ
УС
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͸ųһ󣬶Աˣ֪ʵտʼ
ȥ˾
Լյӡ
һһ룬ڶ롣
ƣԼҪ
ܺյӵӦӦļˣ˭֪ĶĶƽʱɽȾƣΪ·ϣںȡ
ǹˣȲǣǱ
˵ˡ
̾һָôԵ
ӣ˲ʱ֮һɨա
̾׷׷»
÷һţܺȣˡ
İ£ûǽеƮ
ڼٲöӻĶˣǸʲôģôˡ
Щү֮ǰ͸Թ
ʼû˵ݣҲɽ˵Զ˵˵ǶǾʿѣŻ磬Ժ
Ҳô˵ǡ
գ˱ȥһӡ
ٵӣõˡ
˵жã俴õģһˮש߷Ҫٶ飬ƽʱСǶ׼Ϊ飬ԵøɾҲˬ
٣ȥĿ˯
ѾպˣȺģүӹ¸ϰߣӺͱӶµġ
˼򵥵ϴ£˿
ů͵ıܵʵʵ̾ڸоİ
˯֮ǰԺԼƺʲô
ʲôأ


51 
˯ڶʱӡ
ӱûˣȵġ
ƺѩˣҫĿİ׹͸յøáܺܰϸ΢˵ԶĺǵЦ
ֳЩİһŷӦԼǻؼˡ
뵽Լӣʶ
ûҽˡ
˯ˣǺˣͷ˵
ǳأ
˵Ǹ˵ĵܵܣ
Ůһֵۣõģ˵ĹѾ̧ˡ˯ţˣȥ˿ܵܡ
ǺȻ˳ֲү˵ѣ˳ˣɲѡҵүûʣѣܶ˳ˣ㵱ôģûи
ⲻúõܸʲô
ϰˡ
Ҷʱ˲ﲻˣ޿
ѩˣǿӲ
Ҳûܾ޿ϡ
£ҲҪʲô٣ͷ££оëˣ˸٣һ䵱СŮʱõ黨ס
黨Ѿҳģ۵ķΣǱͷϳ˼ۡ
ȥ棬һɺӭ̲ס˸ͬʱҲˡ
ԺеѩѾɾˣԺǽͷԺ⿴ȥһͷıѩأмŵɫɫǱ˼ҵķӡ
͵ܵܶվ£˵ʲô
ܴܵ˼ӣ˼ɫģ´ްϻûΪףͦ۵ġ
˵ʲô
ﻹž֣̾ࡣ
Ҹ˵£û뵽ѧôá
һ㶼˰ֵ˵ģҪȥһʿûġ
ţеˣ
ɵǵŸô˵ģҲš
ΪβţõĻ̫ӣʦǴһһĴѧʿѧǲã̫ӵλҲס
˵ˡ
ٲ֪Լǰǻ̫ӰΪǸţģҲûƽ㣬Ͼ׽
ֱ׳ģ˵ЩȻæǫϹ˵
ҲûϹ˵
һԺٺɵЦȨȫˡ
ȥŪ˵ˮϴӶˮŷûطšֻܷڵϣѾˣִ̫񣬲
߹ţŰϴϴ
ϳԷûһ߲һ߳Ц
ԹˣİȲ࣬⡮ס֣˵÷ֿڣҲǰûԹֶ
˱ˣʣˡ
óԲ
Сóԡ
⵹黰һ·֮ǰйʱȦҵʱͷ֮ǰЩϵĹΪЩԵģ֣µķ˲ûԽܡ
ֻ˳ʣˡ
ʵҲϲʣˣв˵ʱ͸ˣȶ¹ýڼʣһ㶼ᵹٳһ١
ڹ࣬˵˵㻳ӣ˯
һһոĿʱô̲סЦˡ
ҿˣһȥԡ˵˯źȥʡˣôˣˡ
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һΧô̲࣬סе񣬾Ͱˣҿ򻹼ţͶһ̧ݰ
˯֮ǰ˸ˣæȥ˿
˱һ㡣ү˵ֻҪܻ˾ֻҪһʲȥܻ
ǾͺãȻȥ
.
࣬ӵı
ԹʼȲ֪ǰʳϺܼªˣɾǾüķЩʼȲ
Եʱһš
ǲԶͰѱ˺ιʼԣʵֲһڡ
ˣͳЦ
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԰գȥӡ
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ҲͶӵԺͲˣϿɣɱ𹼸Ǿһ
ӵָ˶ûп
.
һˡ
԰շǾͻˣΪʵﶼ󲻹ǼӸջ֪󷿼ҽҪóԵģ䷹ԡ
С߶Ҳ油ԼкҲЦ
һԿýζġ
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ʵ껹ڼʱǸóģƽʱеز֣Ǵֻ첲ΣǻҲʮ꣬ڿ졣
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үܹŮСǸҲСӡڸùãˣΨ壬ΪʱүڼңҲ˲ụ̀ܽͱ̹߳ˡ
˵үʱǸڵģҲˣ˵һ䵽˾ˣˡ
ûүڣ֪ү䣬ү˵Ͷ岻ѧĲϣ˵ǣϧǸŮޣ˵ٴͽ˭֪ˡ
Ͷ˾ŴţĻͳˡ
æݡ
Ҳ֪ʲôóԵģѰһȦˮͰһ㡣
ƿǼݣȻԵģʳ⣬õİͷװ˲ײ
³ԵİͷǶģνһ𣬰ϸǶٶܳϵģͻһִһ
һ㶼ǲ߸棬Ķͷǵɫǳɫģһ۾ϳ
һЩûը૵ʮˣһʮ߶ʮըҲ֪ŪûŪҪըûͺˣҸ˵ըҶرóԣСʱԲǻҲ͹ըһС
˵ǸС˭֪˵ˡ
ҡ
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£ˣһɱһµʱ
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ǵҲǣɲʡ
ƽʱڹԵĶģ֣˵üἫ
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Ҫܶٶٳ⣬㿴Ҷһܲĵ
⡭
֪Ǯһһͷжٽʮһ㣬һͷٽҲӡͷɱһͷǵöݳް
Сûס㲻ǲôӡ
æЩԺأСʳıǮһġ
еǡ
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ÿܵĸӣǸƸǻҪӡ
һͷϱˡ
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ȻҲԳû룬ԺʲôάƣϾȺǵˣԺҪҺͺӣҪеҵΡʱǿһ롣


52 
˵䣬˨ӣŮɽѾȦˡ
еСǶŵýȥˡ
æ߿ߣҲȥ
ѧЦǺǵָȥˣ÷£Ҳѧѧôɱ
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ĵǿɱһ˿ˣǰҲû
ûҪ
ˣҲˣһͷؽݡ
ѧ٩ָɻ÷򣬸ѵܰˣ
ɽЦ
÷ҰסүŪٵ˿ߴĵѧ֮䣬Ϊ
˹ȥסֻӡ
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֪ԼԶˣе
ڲ˵˶ȫĽСˣܲסֳ档
ѧȥɱŤŤķԸúܺãףܴ󡣡
÷֣ҲڿԷ˼
ЦЦѯôɱѧѾ׵ӽȥ쵶ӳһ
ĳ治֮ȸ۾ʱеס
.
Ժֵը˹
Ľóȥ֪ᣬ˾Ͷ֪ɱˡ
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á
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53 
ëͰ˵ʵԭǼëӵ棬ֶﾹȻ˸˯ŵˡ
Сһｻһ£ëëëëѾе֪˵ģǲˣһֱ˯Ųѡ
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ëѾǸúӣ˵ÿβˣԵóԵģܺá
ë£˴һóԵģ˵ͺأ
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߳Ա߶ڿɲܳȻȥүܸܲԵϡɶġ
ȷʵܳģԵϡС˵
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СߺţûסԹүһͨѵ⡣
˵϶Ǳߵģźóĵز֣ѼҲƽʱԵͿϴ򼢻ġ
ϴôһˣմ򼢻ģ
ϴ滹ôСģĲƽϣֶܿŵʹֶӵĲƽϣֶϱֶ滹Сġ
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ǰû¾ͻ䷹Եһ·Ҳˡ


54 
ˣ˴
صţض˵˵̻᲻ۣ°СӵˣѶóúȵ·ҲˣָҲҪ˵ôĶŪôӣѵ÷Ǹӵܣѣձ󣿡
ţضһ˵֪ʲô
Ƴһۣٸڸϴ⣬Ҹ˵ҪһӶĲ㡣
ţضӣ㿴ǵľջСӡ
̲˵һ仰һӶСӣѵǽһѪͷ
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Ϊ͹ϵСˣɷرϣȻҲţ󻨱ѵţضҳ˵
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ƽʱ࣬ѵ˵ʱرˡ
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ݡ
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ʱЩϸΣ֪ĶŪϣǽһëѾëΧתһһСùá
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֪ΪǸС̫࣬ʵǸСŮʶСŮǸƻġ
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ĸŮ˾СѾѶŪˡ
Ҷ˺ģǵùõĽֻҪҶӲҪ˰Сеͦ
ӹ˵ŰȻøóԵġ
ãɶóԵģëű
Ȼ֪ˡ
ѲҶСȥϴˣõϺ͸ղŵһ飬ȥ̨ǰ
ȰŽɳ߷ű߽ܿϵͳˡٷŶĲҶٶΰͽȥϼ£Ϳ԰ɳˡ
ɳʱûŮ֣Լȥɳŷ˰ϡɳȣӻ滹๾š
ŷڣ硣
ɻѵԣ
Ȼôˡж࣬һ޼һһû⣬ըС㣬ȵͷɶͲˡ
УȰӡ
ʢһ룬ȥСĸں档
Լ˺óԵˣС֤ӵ룬ҲҲûô
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ιĴνиСӣΪСоɻιһڣǾͿԳһڡ
ﾡã
ֻһֻҲ˵뿴źܺóԵֻܳԵ֮һ
߽ˣˣι


55 
ŮæըæʰӣʵҲûЪš
ϵ͸ݶѩɨǷϺͳгϣһ굽ͷҲŪһΣ಻˵ࡣ
˵ԷˣѧֵһϵĻңѰͷϵĲˣһ߾žմˮϴһ飬ŪɾˣŽ
ɶڷϾ˵ˣָŪʲôࣿѧ
⣬˲ˣë˵óԵúܡһʢһ˵
ëëѾСֻͰ͵سŹøûõĹøûסιͬʱûסСֻ˼ڡ
ԵóԵСӣݣһõóԵúܣǴ֪ˡ
ٿѾʢ࣬װ׵࣬΢΢ɫ飬׺ĲҶСС
ɫ˾úóԣ˵Ũ϶ɵֱ˱ǿꡣ
һСըС㣬ЩС㶼ţضɶϴģϴɾһ£棬͹ըˣ˳¾ƺȣò
аӡ
һŮ˶ˡ
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һھͶˡ
һԸɾѧź̫ˡ
Цٸ
΢㣬ֻ˵ԺԳ׶ˣӦúˣּʡ¡
үүԶ
޵ΪʦʱҲô˵ġ
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˵
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һҲգһ֮ʼˡ
ÿһʹд󳯻ᣬʵǰٹ뷬ʹڵİݺأʺԪһĳء
ʵ۲ǸʵۣʺǸʺ
ֻû˸˵һǣֻܵǰĻʺҵŮ
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ƫƫλµһ㶼ڣΣڻΣûʺڴһأⲻŸˣʺû


56 
ʺ֪ʲôúˡ
µ۸ڴ󳯻϶µţʾʽԪ
ϧ֪Ҳû취شˡ
Ǿãҵʺ΢΢򴽵
˿ŮĻȴôҲ˵ڵġ
Թ˭أԹ
ɱʱҴǸλãЩ¸ʸʸ⣬ȻȻͷˡ
Ȼʴ͵ģ˭뵽ºʴȵ̫ӣڵǻԺ󣬻᲻شѹңӵ׳־ó꣬ҵֻڸǿӹӣ
˭뵽ıλֶŮ˼
ϵйϵ˼̵̨˶˵ҺˣȻǸ⡣
俴ƽĻ˼ȴѶ
µ۵ǻ󣬿ҵĵλθˣʵ򴦾δ䣬ʺĴڣһ¶ǰΡ
Ψһֵҵǣû˸ǰ˵ʲôΪ˵ңͬ˵۵Ĳԡ
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57 
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58 
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59 
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ЦãֲСڲСʱˣҲǣͲʲ˳ԡ
ҼŮǿ˵һ̾ͳһ̣ŶӣʲôһҪԵ죬Ȼһֱšǻ϶ʱ򣬲Ͳһ棬Բһֱ룬ܵׯŪģɻǵã
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ˣȻߣüš
֮ǰ΢õүˣ˵֮ǰ֮ԻᲡأΪ˵Եʡ˵ȶˣĹͷûӺãҲûãֳ;棬ˣܿҲȳ
ҪȳֻһӣǾǰٴؽӣҪԿࡣ
֪ôѡĿǰӵ״ֻ̬ȺóԺúȣõ㣬ʱȴ½ӡ
ҪҲܼǵû©˸
ǻƲˣ
˵мһ֣֪ûУ׻ʹﳤģȻö١
óԲ
óԡ
ڳһͷ˵˾ʵ
ٿǱ߸ŰԣԼһ߸һͷ˸ͷԵýζһ㶼ûĶԵ١
һԡ˵
㲻ԣһ쵽ڿϣҲԶ˲á
ү˵Ҫ壬ǿ׳㣬ʱȲܵסöԵõġ
ֱ׳ëӣоһ㶼û
ȥиɣ
촽һۣ˵ԣǵ˵ͷ
.
նϽ
ʮһ˻ˡ
ʱеˡ
˵Ѷˣ滹Ѫ
ʹ֪֮ѧͻزˣҲãȻ˳ѰʳϹӡ
Ҫ֪ߣʲô£ޣϹӡϹҪߣڴ涼е̣ڻѨܱ߻Уôѩ漴ʹʳҲ볲Ѩ̫Զ
˭֪Ǿôùƫƫһ
ʱ˶ûע⣬ѧûϹһȵԴֿקһѣȥˡ
˸ϹӲһȻϹˣȻҲزϵѪѪ˶˵ˣûѪǴˡ
үһǴˣ˽нȥˣѸ
һ鿴˲ִ
ԭѪ£˲ƤȷӦѾˡǰɽи˾ǣţײһ£ʱҲû£úõģĻҼߣ˭֪ȥ˾Ͳˡ
үӸ˲鿴˵ַͬѰһɻģû˵
˰Ѷڼָųȥ˾ϴ˸裬ֻ
ʱѾˡ
Էʱѧ˾
Ǯֹ㣬ѧ׼Ҳ㡣ŸʳֱһѣĶͱˣҲûϣǷŵȱһֽɽ
ôɽһ˳ɽһˣط
м仹㱻˽ٵҿѧն򼸸ëûġ
ҲΣѧʶ治ٱá
˶ˣҲû˵˷ȥЪţЪ˵
û˵ø˵䣬Ͽûþ˯ˡ
˯ҹʱˣҲˡ
Ҳûƣô˵
˵࣬ʱɽĴɽԶһ߲߲ô죿ڸѩӽȥ˯һڶߡ
ҿֻһطôԶݶ˵տʼһƤӣ׬ͼֲס
ԽɽԽܳƤӡȥǸɽĴ˺üϺõ
ݶ˵⼸ֵˡ
˵²ǰڶһ멿ܾͲ֪˶ֻҸϸǿƤëʣ㲻̫̫ۣ
ЩܲС
Ϊе㲻ԣ俴ϱ飬ҲûΪҪǹڼŪӲˣ˵ү˵Ǹֵصϣȥ顣
ȻȻүȥ£˵֮УӦȥƾٵ¡


60 
үϣȥƾ٣
֪ʱƺүӣѴ游뾳׳ү
ʵһʱ˵
ǰϣȥ
ǿ⣬ǻ֪ģԴֻүΪλ˵£
ôһ䣬Ϊ֪δѵ˵үдǷΪؾЩʲôּ·
ΪҪЩδ
ҿûʡ
ܿȥҲ޷
Ϊƾٿʼ׼ˡ
ΪԾ¡
ֽͯԣͯԵĵһԣٹԣֹͯԺԣš
ٱֹԺһء
ɽ俿ǣء¾˸ʾ˵˲ԵĿҪĳȥ񷿱
ڼ䷢һ£뿼ԵĿҪд׹顣
ν׹ָԼ͡ᣬĸǵͼᡣ
ʱδһ𣬶үӼ˨ͬ˨δ룬үĿһ
˭֪£ֽд
ҲΣ䴩žǸˣɣòʵò񷿵Ҳǵһμ
ٿ֣Ǳ񷿱רѧԵˣǶԿƾټصѧһ˽⡣һֹݸ壬дöжȣľӡһ㣬ʱôȴ֪
ּ׹ԣ汲ĸδ仧£״Ӧ֮ˣֲ֪
۶ӡã֮δѣֽ׹飬£ϡ֮е˵ᱣⱨ֮¾ˡ
顣
ۼòԥ̬ȻӦǸ仧İɣҲصᱣҲ
Ҫ˵үӰһ£ȲҪ˵
ˣѧԥ¡
۵ͷ΢µգȷʵΪѣȵȣȻпȴһʱûҵᱣ֮ˣ֮ɻᱣ
ʵҲϹṩ⣬Ҫд׹飬ӹɵģззҲע˽ᱣΪ˷ֹףһף
߸ʽǰĿѧǲʶֻߴղˣһ㶼ַʽ
ϾСأ˿ڲ࣬ȻҲ࣬ÿؿһ˶ղ˵ع˽̻ѧòʱѧؽͶܵ⡣
񷿴Լһʱ۱չˣ˻ᱣ
ԵԷ׹飬ڽᱣϻѺ˸ȥ
ȥ󣬸˵˴£׹ôдģ
ʵдġ
ֻдᣬûдʲôλã˭뵽ϵ۵ȣĸ룬ǻʺ游ĸֺֺ߳ţ
̹̹̬ȣøƿԡ
ȷʵ˵û׹Ҳδκ
.
Ȼѱ͸ʱˡ
ڼѧʶԨ͵ȵĿƿ
Һֳɵ˿ʣҪʲôô󣬾͹˼ж
һӼˣƽʱ˵СЩ
¶ԺɽĴ˵èΪ˵غ䣬ڹڣ΢ůһĵطҪʼ׼ˣѮԺ¡
ڼ䷢һ£ʱöˡ
үԿ˺׼׼
ʵҲǰи׼ǰ֪ӡ
׼Ǹ˵ԼҪһ˳һֻ
ȻӺӱֵһ㶼µģ˭ῴǱصɫëӡ
󷢴ȱһֻ
ֻһ˳ԣ֮ʢһ룬ļͼ˳ȸһ롣
Цֺα
ֱ׳ܺõô죬Ǻõģڶܻˡ
һ㶣룺ƽʱԼǰƴڻ˵˵֣ǲҲǹģ
ǻӣȴȦţԾͷ
һֱû˵ô˵ģ˳һáһ·ţĸҺȴһ㶼ûήɥֻѰ˼͸ƽϳԳԺȺȡ
֮ࡣ
һǰ˸֮һᾭʲôʲôһţʹˣҲ޷Լܳܡ
ɻл㱣Щ׵Ӿ͹ȥˣһƺûôѰҲûôʹࡣ
ʵǲʹֻ࣬ôһˣһħܻ᲻ԾȾ㣬ЦЩõģЩõġ
Ҫ³˵ԣҪԵõġСӣԵ߽Ͼˣܳܺȣ㻹׳ôõʲô״
ȴ֪ܲӣС尾ס壬Ǯ˰Σš
ֻǲ˵ǹС塣
ôҳԲ꣬㲻ϲԼᣬҲԵ㡣˸гᣬι
󣬳ԼֻԼгͳԼֻԼȰΪ⼸طۣط˿̫֡
Ŀӣһ飬̾ļǺóԣ
ֵСˣôһ
.
Ƚȹ̣֮еͦҵġ
ѸĴ񶼾ˣôˡ
үѵһͷ󺹣߳˵Ѿˣû£ѽӺˣѹͺˡ
˽ȥ⺢ˮ̳Ƶģʪ͸ˣֲûôҡ
үӰϺֺɫҩϴˡ
ҩԼģ˵洫ķӣרֶ֮ˡ
Ҳͻˣȴ֪ٽ̫ףʹ̫ҽԺҲ첻
ܰ쵽ǰƽҲˤ˶ȳˡ
ٽӲѣѵûҩⷽӿ϶ζǲ洫ǾͲһˡ
ȥɱֻμˣ滹˲ΣѹһھͳԳ˲εζ
û뼦ԣ
۵ɫɷףڼƽϼ£ûˣҾ͸ʢȡ
ġ
ŶӵôûˣҵĺҵģǷһϽԵ㣬ã˸ֵȥ
ֵܲܲأ
ֲˣ
˵ˡ
.
ż̫ƺҲûôˡ
ڼ˨ֵĶӲˣΣֱȥҾ¥ģȻһһһһеġ
ʼ֪٣ûҳۣþ¥ŸԷҲûɵӣļۺܸߣ˵ԺУͶ
˼˼۾֮ߣһӶæ¡
´˸񷿣Ѳ𶼴ŲȥˣѼĿؿˣæȻ죬컹䣬ٶˡ
Ⱥõúܿ죬Ҳʮ죬ܳŹŲŲˡ
˸ľȣһʲôľͲҪ˲ˣܳ͸͸
ѩûġ
Ժ
Ųűߣһۣ㻹ȥƾ٣
̧ͷû˵
ɫҸӣǲ֪㻹֪ʹ㿼ˣҲһ˸ȡ㡣ʹ˲ʶ㣬ˣأǲȡ裿
ʲôȡ裿ƾ¿ġ˵ô֪
ĺǰһˡ
⸴ӡ
һ㻹㿿ƾٴؾ
ʲô
ԣһ㶡
û¡
һˣʲôҲˣȻ˵Ժ¡
лڣвϣǰڣͦλ̫ӻֵģ⶯˵˼
ûȥͻָÿʲôʽؾôʧȥһС
ҪǮûǮҪûˣҪɶûɶǼ¡
ĸڵĳ¼ҲᣬĸҪˣ¼ȻͲԶ񡣿ɻֵأлʺأ
ĸɫ˰
ĸްˡ
ˡ
ʵô˵ҲΪǰӴɽ˸ŶйؾǱߵŶ
ϢʵÿµҪµģ䲻֪ʺ䣬֪ҵŮǾ͹ˡ
֪飬Ϊʺް˺Ҳ¼ѡܱ̫ӻˡ
Ǹôؾ
ʱʶֻ⡣
Ǻûлؾ·
Իֲ˵Ҫԣû·Ǿ·ԣ


61 
ղŸ˵ʲôôֻ輦ƵĽˣ
ƽʱŹŲŲܳžŲڣֻзƵģȴͻȻôе㲻ϰߡ
ЦЦûʲôҾ͸˵Ⱥˣֲӡ
ѵԸֲˣ
üëֲôӣøֲˣԺʳøҵûƣȻԺô׬ǮȢϱ
ҲͲʮ壬Ȣϱˣ
ŲǰزūҸֲ˻У
ǾС
һЦͦŶ߿ˡ
Ūһ㶣״ÿζǹҵġ
㣬ܱͷԵǿ
һ㶡
.
һҪ峡ҲζҪسǴ졣
ȥģͦŸӣȫ˶ȥġ
ڼϢ
үӿŮסӣ˵Ƿӵ¡
լѡĶǸʲôģǶʲôשʲôߣ׼ʲôҾߡ
үôһ˵»ͦ࣬ʱ˲ȥˡ
˨̲סҵָһɵꣿ
û˼ҶﴧޣȻӾͲˣʲôɵɵģô˵ԼҹŮġ
˵ҪŪӲˣֻ˵ŪȫӸҡ
ҷһۣ͵ְɣҲ֪˭Ͳˡȸ˵ã·Ůģ׬Ӷø
һҪŮǮɣҸҪ
ҪҲøţˣһר˵£ûˣҲͰˣȻˣ¾͵ǰ˵û˵ռŮıˡ
ˣ֪ˡ
㲻֪ҪסΪûѰ˵϶ֲˡ϶ӣŲŸ϶֪ˣ϶ϱ֪ˣ϶ϱ֪ˣһӶ֪ˡ
ҾͷţҲţ󻨸ûԺ
Ӳ׬Ǯҵ˸ǼӼƽʱȥ˺Ͷȥϱ׼ͷ졣
ԵţʶǸǮ·ӣѾˣһӶ֮˵ϴϴ϶һ𷢲ơ
ʵͦ򵥣ֲ˲ۣСӲֵأӵĻأǾֲˡȻֲ֪׬Ǯϴϱڵ϶١
Ҳǹﻹ϶Ҫ۹ŮͳȥѾˡ֪ܲܿϣܿϣԺиڵӪǲܿϣ㻹ֵȥҲֲˡӪ϶ƤܰһӹԲ
˵˵ţĨ
˨æǱ֤˵϶ӪŮסඡ
ɶڴӺ󿴵һĻһθ̾ű¡
ŸͷС˸ģƫƫܰѹȵģ˵һöѧѧ
.
һͷ֪Ϊġ
үӳȥתһȦѡլء
ҲԶѡҸ
ү˳ȥլҪģҲ˶ӣһĶһӣүΪһĶ͹ˣ˭֪˵ӲĶ
ôķ
үܣȷǶܱȵʱҪûط˺á
ү֪Ů϶ԼĴ㣬ûٶ˵øӸȥæ
ȻûٸӣͲϸ˵ˡ
Ȼשߡ
붮ϧ㿼ȥˣүҲҪ٣ò׼ܻ㣬ܻٵ㡣
ͼשȷţٹӣϵĶòܴ࣬ػˡ
ôһȥˡ
ʱһ˻ˡ
ˣͷס
˵̫үʶרŰйȥ˵úÿȡŵĹ
æȥˣɱһֻ
ţһ߶˵ﷸ˼һѼûˡû뵽ܿУʮָӣû˹ע
ʵҲû뵽Լðף޵ָܵ㣬ֵ֪͵ȿƿǵعҲ˵ȡȡܿȫƾعһ˵㣬ʱϲþռҪˡ
֪Լ϶Уû뵽ͷ
ϲֻһʱģϾԹˣҲֻ˵һֻš
ûУǰڰ׿ȫô
ڼЪգֿʼùˣ£Ժ£Ҳ˵ڼֻһµʱ׼
ΨһֵҵǣڽڸתظԺԺԶڽԺ￼
ڼЪգ˨ҵ͸棬ѶӲ˵ˡ
ΣΪǮûҪ˶죬˸ӣʲôûɣһְġ
磬żæˮʩɶģ˦ƹ
֮ǰǮûҪŪȥˣû뵽ˡ
һҼ֣ŮŮֻܾͷĵ˵̸Ժ˵ﺢԺҪǮʲôġ
û취ֻͬ⡣
ֻҪɣʣ߳ɶģֲָ磬Ͳˡ
ұɣǸ˵ԼףԺ󿪸׷Ҳ׬Ǯ֪ԭǰڹ˸Ϊʦöࡣ
²ᡣ
ҿʼˣѧʱȴڼң֮ǰͳȥˣһƤӣҸңܲһΰлˡ
Ҫ飬ҲζĿǰֻܸɻ˨ǰæӲ˵£ʵҲ۵òᣬʮĶأʵڸɲˣҴ㻨Ǯɻ
˭֪ʱ˶ӣһȺ˰æ
㣬޵⻧˼ն˵ֵܱͶ࣬ҼĶҲ࣬һҾܳ߰˸׳ټ˺Ͷӡ
Լҵǣʮü׳Ҳ첻Ͱѵȫʰˡ
ȻҲ۳棬˶úãˮ󣬴ͷܹ˾ڼæͣ߶⡣
˶࣬үһˣðæѸķӸˡ
ĸׯں߻ƽʱũоָǮ
˼ùøǰæ˼ũæʱæ顣ǾôģԼܲ£Ǯ⻰ҵŹõ˵͵͵ĸү˵ˡ
үҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ܣֻЩ˵ķʳŪþС
ʵҲòŸŪڶӴˣȥյˮﶼȥֻóǮˣʳвˣĶҺϱĻ
æʱҪȥˣֻ
˵óȥӣ˵ͷۣʵ֪޵ǲһȥǣϾز죬˵Ҫ
ֻܸһЩӣڽҪ׼ʲôܵо飬žС
˶æֻǸзģЩǡ
ҺûизǾ
ү˵Ҫһ죬ܲ˼а壬ԿÿŹȵܣܳԺˣʵϸɲ˻
һȳȣһӡ
˭Ҳ˵˭û˾Ͷ죬ҿСƵľͷۡ
ٴźϢˡ
ͯǸס


62 
ͷ仹ûţ㹻˾̾ˡ
뵱ٿͯʱҿǰϯˡ
˨˵ҪŮϯˣһ²޵ܱҪԺԣҪϯȹԺٰڡ
һԿЦǿˣԴƿ˾ͱˡ
һʼºͣһ۾һ㣬һЩһĽһһεĴƣâ©
ʲôأ
һʱݣݵߣȴ֪˵
䲻ϯǮ˰ͷ˷ˡΪҲҵķӸǺˣøлöüҵˡ
һԼ˳ԷԺԣʱůһڣʱȫˡ
Ҵϱȥˣ㵥
ũҷ˺óԣЩԸ񼱣ҲϸĲˡ
øϵëˣɾ翪
Ҫ˸ɳޣһӡ
ٽ˵һֱûҲ֪ͷĩо飬Ů£˵趼û룬ٻð¡
ʹˣºҲʲôˣģҲͶ˸롣
ͬˣϣǱ߾ˡ
𶯣
Ūε
Ūͱ𶯡
ǸָҲٵ
Ҳˮ󣬷Žɳһͨȥϸˡ
ݵƶӿʱŽȥٰ㼦ͷˡ
ǵöټҪʲô
ȻѼˣھˮһ£ѿǰˣٰѼŽһ֭ǼźóԣӴ
ԣӴ
ŮҪʲôǡ·˨˾졣
ҵû˵תͷֶԸҿͷòϣȻͷġ
ǰŷæͷԺ롣
ø˵ˡ

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ߣҵöҵļ
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Ÿˡ
ˣ
֮ǰңԼ˵Ƚףôһʡ
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ǰǷ۷۰װףڲס
ѽȹӵ²أµúܣ㿴ɶ
Ŵȹָ̳ͷ水˰һһСѡ
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ʱ⴫һزū㡭
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棬ǽġ
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˸ŲŹˡ
յĪۡ
յģˡ
ŮҵĽŲ˿ôһԾûС
ˣֱŤգջ΢΢е㷺ģ
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ɫ֭ŨźļۻõĻƶϵ׺͵ĴҶũҲǲӣܰôÿǵһμ
㣬žͺóԡ
ү㳢
óԵȻҪȽүˡ
ڵǸӣѾˣӲоҪͦŶӣв˲ˣָֻүԼС
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ǶҲóԡҨжӣҰ跹ԡ
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ȥĿһԺӣӣͣұһ
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úие滹һ᷿᷿ͨһԵĽŹȥǺԺԺǲ˵أкޡ
Ժǵļˡ
Ժǵļˣ
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.
ٷֽ۾ˡ
ÿ쾫ȵģʱ𣬰ʱ飬ųжȣݲȣ֮ǰ³һƵĶ
Ҳһҹһҹ˯ţÿθоԼˣƫƫº־һûסֵ顣
ٴȥ̽״̬ٲģµ³˾ͼֲסˡ
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˽£Ҹ㿴ĵƣϨúȥɲС
ٿЦҲȥҽءҲ֪УǸĲˡ
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ʵܴ֮ǰ飬ŵעͶдò棬óԵĶ͸ˣ֪Ķ
Ȼ֪
˹д̫ƽƽ档
ԺԶ԰˹Ҫ󲻸ߣֻҪ徭ʵʫû⣬˹ϼʹҲܹԽ󣬶԰˹ҪԽߡ
ƾһ;ٶ԰˹ĵĳ⣬Ѿٽ徭ϵݡĿڴ徭ϽشҪ֮
Ϊ֮ԡ׼ģΪ󿼣˰˹⣬ҪһŲۡ
۾ͲϵݣҪʱһ˽⣬дõĲۡ
ڰ˹Ļһǰ̫ҲԽÿ˹ȡʿĽʿǶģֻ֪ڳ͢档
ɰ˹ȡʿ꣬Ҫҡһʱġ
ֻܰ˹ɲϣڰ˹ɵĻۡ
ͬʱҪԻԵĿǣҪ⣬ǰ徭شһĿǳˡ󿼾ʱҲҪҪ֮޲
ٵڣܴɽԶԭѧ粻ʢҲûʲôԺ
ض٣ȻʿʱٰũҳʶޣûлӴʱηĻᣬд˹ɿԣҪд֮ȴѡ
˵Ҳǳ۽磬۽ǡǡũҪͨƾһ;ѵһء


63 
Ϊ͢ȡʿһ񣬲ֹɹͲš
ʵϿƾ˵ײĺӵһ֮;ںӵϲܶúģЩк֮ˡ
֮ңǲмҲ֧Ŷ飬оġٵĳָ㣬绢
ǺԽ˼ңĹԽǶ࣬Խ࣬Խá
֮෴ӵȴȥѧݶ鶼ѣΨһܶЩаĵطѧѧȴǵͬ衣
һâ붨ҪóЩʬλز͵档һ̱ٵѣʶԼѾ̫ˡ
һĨԵʧ䣬޵ܵǷȱĴ˵˵
д˸Уæ׷ʵǽҸβЩǷȱ
Щۣճŵĳʹָ㣬һʱҲ
ٲ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ֵҿԽһνݾ
ݾ
˵ͷ
Ժɱʡѧ֣֮졣ٵϲ̶ܴȻӰˡѧٺеԪĽʿظѵΣ챻ѧһξꡭ
̸
ټһָ㽭ɽ̬֮˵ʡѧҲ˿аզ࣬˽ʽ㣬ǰﵽʲôģΪξơ
һԿ˵
˵̸Ц磬·صա߿ƾһ;ûԴƾ٣ɱǰоˡ
ظȴϲŽص£ϲ֮ԱᣬԸ񸡿ӹ㾡ﳤ̣ܶͶá˷ֻܽһʱ֮֮㻹ҪЩʱϵļ⣬ڿƾһ;߳
ԺѧϤûסʵ
Ҳô˭֪ȴǰ˵ˡ
ʵ֮ǰΪ̫ʱһֱΪԤϰľۡۡ˽طԱͨģǱиΪϸµ˽⡣
̫ƾٸ֮£ҲԤϰڼ䷢£ȻԺеİ
žˣ˸ƣ˯ˡ
ٻЩʽ˭֪ȴ˸ơ߹ȥϱӣЩȻָ̾ϸ¡
ǳȥ˵˯
.
ʱԽԽҲԽԽˡ
ɸûļ
Ұˣ˸ڴ˼ʮĽŸֻ˵ñ𼱣ü졣
ɵҪ죿
һ˶ЩżǸĴ󣬸óԳԸúȺȡ
úͻȻǰֵġ
Ҳɣ˿ڴѣֿϵһѪ
Ѫˣ
˶ûо飬һĶѪһԼôѪ
ûѪҡ
Ѫ
ѴЬȥĸˡ
ʱˣ˨Ҳˡ
ɵѾͷôѪҲ֪
û¡
Ͻ£Ƿˡ
һ˵ԼˣͻˣҲˡ
ѾȥöȥӲţæҲ֪ô죬˨˵£ŰѸһѱϷš
ǰûô
˵
ȴ촽ýģһܽŵӡ
ֱֽæʵѪû°ɣ
ҼŮеףæûû£Щ˷ˮЩ˷ȼ졣ɺˣһžˡ
ֽǸоˮˡ˵ʲôоʧʵǣǵҪ˵Ǿˮˣ֪
֪ˡ
߶߶ˮǲҶˣˮˣӻûúţӦû£Ҫˡȥɩ׼ӺˮȥٸŪԵģõȻûԶʱû
ҳȥˣ˨Ҳȥˡ
ֻʣˡ
ûоۣҲ˵죬Űⶼûʲô
ǲ˵
һŵҼ֮ĸֻϹһΣҲô󣬵ʱҲ˺ܶѪɺ
ôˣʵ
ʱȴˣүӣţ󻨣⻰Ҳû˵ˡ
.
˽ֳȥȥֽ˶ӣҲЩ
ѾˣǸʮϴ˵ʮĺӣʮо顣
üӶϴġ
˰˶ȥ˿˵뼱ˣôһʱˣǱ𼱡
ߣ˶Ա߳Ĭ˺ܾõҲ˵ֱ˸ʰŶˡ
¿ɰѽŸЦˣ٩һصɣ𼱱𼱣Ҹ˵Ů˼죬ǻûоۣٻһжʲôʱжʲôʱţǲ
ȷʵҲǹңŻŻöȥš
ǲÿ
ʵҲߣһԹŮһصʵˣһŽȥԲ衣
ϱ˵
ɾôҲˣ߽⡣
ϷӣҲ֪ĶŪġ
ֵţС
Ҷ֪˵ʲôˣ⺢ӣ㿴⡭
ôܲƣҪ֪Žһӣӵ˼ҿŸģеĶ࣬е٣ĲŸӣٵĸͭǮһüˡ
˰ˣҾɡ
һЦ˵һ߾ͰӴˡɰҸ۵ģԹŮַһǮѰ˼ҪŮ˵˵ĺɰͲܸװӡ
ڸҲǲ֪Ȼ˽Ǯ
֪ﻹӡ
Ķ˽Ǯ
֮ǰͷøġ
һʣʣһʮһʶʮǽͰɡ
ôһΣƾԼӣû뵽ǿƾ١
Ҳ˵ʱʶЩˣҺĽĲϵһˡ
һģұģ˶࣬͸ˣһֱһĶû
ô̹ףЩ˼ˡ
ҲҪӣΪ¾Ȼ˵ЩŤŤ
Ժ󲻻ˡ
Цˡ
.
ʵ֤˵ûһֱϸŸоۡ
һ۾ѣһһˡ
۵ֱð亹ŻɣҪߡ
˵ûˮǸ㣬ˮߣˮֻۣͦϸһ
Ȼ
˵ۣû뵽ôۡ
Ǿ߰ɡ
һֱߡ
ߵˣǷ쿪ˣˣÿ졣
ҺϱŲ󸣶ߣ󲻶ˣͻ
һҧתȦߣһ
ۼˣҴ
Թ㶼Թ㶼Թ㡭
úúãԹҡ
Ժ׼˽Ǯˡ
ûء
Һ۰˵ôôۣԺһҪҸӺãȻԲҡ
ҿ϶á
ԺǮ˶øҡ
á
ԺȥˣҲ檻ҡ
϶
ءҲˡ
ǲˣ
һĹ˵ʲô
󣬸˶̱ˣͷѶʪˡҲûõĶȥ½ˣҲͷ󺹡
ŻڼڣüŮ˸ѣϵĺһԵ㶫
Բȥǿ˼ڡ
ʱȥ£ְǶȥˡ
ˣʹұʱ

˵㻰ʱһӤ䴫˳
ʱ춼ˡ
زūˡ
ʶվû뵽һģǴһѡ
ű˳Ц
ϲϲ˸ж


64 
ȥӣȴֲ֪νӣ˿һѺӽ˹
ϴ㿴񸣶Сʱ򣿡
ļǵʱʲô϶Ҫ˵ǡ
һҵҸСʱ򡣡
͸ˣʱû˨ЩεؿСϵӡ
ǱҪȥ
Ȼ滹ûʰɾ
ʰɾ߽ȥŵƮɢŵѪζŸˡ
ͻȻӯĸоһʱЩǰ
ˣЩ㻹û˵ǴСôء
¶һЦǸ²Ͳ˵ˡ
ϴʱҺ֣ݶˡˣ˼һˡ
˺ǲ죬Ϊ˿ǳԼһëΣҵë
ȡʱ򣬸˷硣
˺üˣպӵбΪɡ
ʵҲܣΪĶǼµĹǼʼĹ˨ʲôģʵ̫ԼָΪƽ˵ˣİ嶨˴ɡ
Ժһͽжɣƣֺݣֺüǡ
ϴ󣬺ӵĵҪˣҪȥ
ʵٹղӣ˵ˣǰǣҸջסԽύٸϿĿ
Ϊ겻һǿ꣬ҲͻƲ
ƲҪ˵˵ԺͿԵģͯź󣬲͸ǣÿŵԱҪٿһΣ꿼
ΪһЩΪٴһЩΪٴЩŹΪ취
Ȼúã͢ÿ»ᷢס
ҲһΣ˾꿼ԱԿ⣬δԱͯԿɼ׼μԣҲν¼ơ
ð׻㽲Ծ൱ѡοԲԵԱ
ҲΪ˵ԽύǰĿ
ΪطһǸλȻطĺͼؽϵ˽һȣطԱҪμӰԣҪġ
˵¿ʼǻۼǰʿӣũӼõʱ
˵ЩԴѽҵ㲻ȥ棬㱾ͼܶ档
˽ѯʽ㣬ٵ֪ǹٻ˼ӵܣڼиٵݷ£
ʣټҾΪܲƾ٣ֱӺŪΪݲǱݣֻǱۣ򾩳гƴ󣬲Żһ֮ơ
˭֪Ŀһȥ뾳ס
ȥʰˣǱ߸ӵȵһ˵
㲻ỹȥμ԰ɣ
üΪβ
ʲôҭסˡ
²ۣ²֪
Ҫľǹۣ֪
˵תˣڵ
.
ҲãóҼҹҲ˯á
ӣƽʱ庢ϴ򲼣ɩӶ֣ܰϾͲˣ˼ҲҪϢ
Ͼͳɻ򲼡
ҺĺӺú壬ҲٿޣǶ˻һҲͻ򲼾С
ڸʹ˯һϣ죬Ȼɽ岻̫ȣɸԴ˴ɺ󣬾ûϴԼǳģҲ֪ܣȻϽߡ
˺˯죬֡
һۣ⻹˵
ҿˣҾͻˡ
ͷ
ߣƺʲôæ֪ĵطȥҪǮ
ҲΪӣʮʣʮˡ
ǡ
ͻȻЩ˼˵ˣҲеߵġ
ѵ᲻Լ
ߺҲЩ˼ɵС
һ
.
Ȼ֡
һ·ɼĿһȺ򵥶һˣ߸ͯ
ҿ磬ҵ빱ԺĿջ˾Ҳطסˣֻܻȥ
ഩԱˣɢڸջ¥ѾԻͬʱ̸һʱ£գֻϧϢһô
˿գʱپˡ
ϴԹ緹ԼҪȥĿԼر֮ѧֵܶ˶ˡǿʼûΪʡǮģΪ˸Ϳ
ֱһߵϣͿ塣
Ŀ֮ںڰеĴϣȫǵĻѹͷҲβûڰУ˶ĬĬš
ʱ֪ΪûˣΪԽԺȺԽӵ͹ȥˣֻͽߡ
ʱʱȺУ˵˲ȵЬںҵñӣ˻ЩҲͰգû߻ŵģž³
ҵ˶ߴ࣬һһҰٻм䣬һ·УʱʹȺ˵ط
ԺǰĴ֣ѱľդ˼Ƭط
ʮ۸߾ȼŵĻѣŹ۵ĴԼԱһԡ
һդݣڡ
û
ûϵص⣬͸˵ˣǸصİףʡȴһ̡
֮ǰ˵ˣԺԱȸҪΪϸ񣬳ᱣҪһص
ҵľǵѧݶʱҲýλģȴˡ
ټţΪ˱ˣⲻ֪񻹲϶ԼûӦʸ񣬱㲻ˡ
õȥǼʮӣλسΪʾã˵Ϊ
ʵЩΪ׬ȡӣҪȡȵӣּũңԴʾãⲻ֪⡣
ʱȻԣҲ˿Գع˹֣ȥˡ
ʮӵֿۣҪһΪϿ빱Ժ
.
ԺֱֿΪԺ͸ԡ
꣬պŰ
ŰַŰͳŰһԲκֽԿλУȦȦǶʮˣȦʮˣʮ˶ΪϸߣʮֽȦ
ϵ£ԿΪ
ɴˣءԺԵͷŽаס
ͷߣ׳ΪСԪ
һη󣬴ҷԺԵİ׾Ȼ֮ǰ԰ףǷ츮԰ףҲ˵СԪ
࿼ҪύСĿɾʶá
ȺУſŰٺֵܶˣҲȺͼææغɽ屨ϲ
ʱλڽǶϽǣһׯµĸۡУ˵
һ۹վţһȴǼҳѣ¶еĻü
治ܹ𣿡
ڶˣǸʮϵߡ
ԣͷûأ˲˲ü๡
ʲôһ裬λҲᣬԼܺ˾С
ɻʡôģ
߷ˣ̾һ˭֪Ҳ˵ԼܺþУֲѧ١
ٸԣˣһκеǲˣ
ζغǺû˵


65 
ʱĶѧУеѧڸ˵
궽ѧŵأ»ԣ˱µǻ󣬵һοƣ֮ءΪǲԱΪ˷ֹף˭Ҳ֪ٲţΪѧһѹڱϣΪѧЭһԡ
ǣˡ
ڷӭ֮ˣ˵οе
ˣһƻǳ˲дóɫʿӣԺ԰־οš¶ǲģʡĳĢٶʲôָܳ¿ƽʿ
ķ籾ͲϷʢÿ곯͢ȡʿϱֱȡɡĳɣĳɺϡɽɽ˳ʿҪռȥɱذռһ
ɱߵšƺܲˣʵڵķԶϷء
Ϸڶ࣬ÿ기ءԺԵɱ߼ֹ˼Ƕǧ˹ľţҲǹľţûô
ҲߵľóȥϷľȣǾԱȲˡ
ѧѾƽʿжˣΪѧĺеΪ޹⡣
ؼǼΪѧȻ뵱ѧ磬Լÿȡʿҹ
е˼ҹ붼뿪ǻؾɵطϣĸطҲ쬵㶼ǿ
쬣ɲָ˵غ䣬Ҳָڽٵʡǳйϵģɵ㶼ٵģϣʵġ
ЩߺеµĻ
Ǹ£Ҳʲôëô˵ȥؿһԱҲһ˼дúá
Ҳ꽨ѧͳȥһ˲õԷڻԵøͷǰһξܸϷһؾˡ
ֻôе죿
е룬ûԼʶһˡ
־ԼʵЩ࣬Է񲻹Ǹţ˰ѽʿˡ
.
һߣɽ壬ڰˮϯ
һҳţö˹ˣԱ˵Ҳĵͷһء
˾ϯҵԺڲ£ǰԺҲ˾ϯ
Ǹůݾһڡ
ԾƵˣ븻Ҫ
඼ǲ˵εһӲˣһ⣬һֻϵúֽӣ˻׳԰׺ȡ
һֶ븣޹أΪӡ
вϯ˹̽Ǵݼҵĸˣ˵˺ӣӣȻҪ˳ٷ䡣
εӸģεŹҲġ
Źܵܵ۶ǣ֪Źĵܵܣ¸ôһӣؼǻû˵ף˳Ҳ
˵̽˵ǴԼҹŮɩӵ档
ЩŮڿ죬Ҳ𣬰ѴɿҪģΪ·
˴˼ҵŮҲͲʮţһֳɩĸĸо
ȵ֪żҵİ˲ýΣҵİСһ꣬ܿءŪҲˣЦԷǡ
˭ܶ԰ڵģ֪ҲܳԡΪԹߵ
ӣ̵̫̫̫̫Ķܳԣܵ񣬻иԼ԰ڣȻҪԸ
οĸŪƽڵĲԣ
ĵģˡӣһԱӣﶼŵζˡ
»һʽηŰھƣûó԰ڡ
¶Ϊѵɫ˵ֲ˲ܸԣ㻹Ҫι̡
˼ֻӳԣͲҳ¡б۳
Ҳû˼ⲻ˵ģĥһ飿
顣
ȥŪ϶֪ҪԵġ
һ
ʲô
Цãֻȥˡ
ˣСıӡ
ҪΪ˸̣ôң
ʱŸִڿޡ
ĺɵؿŵģǲ͵ˣ
ûа׶ӣô͵˵ţѴڣ϶Ƕˡ
ιԵ㡣
ԼûԣιԡЩԹ
ιԣιԣ˸ӡ
һҽСɫţе졣ɵˣֿһԵ룬ʲôˡ
⺢ô͵͵дԣ

.
ʱ£Խ
ݴ˵ĿջѾΪǽҲסĿסˡһҲǰסջˣȵ˵գ˼ݳͽǱա
ǵģҪμӽԡ
һ죬˱Ͼũ˼ңʲôҲΨһٳҲ֪˵ʲô
ѾѽѪ𣬳ƴ󣬲ò͵ľӣҪͨƾ٣һ·ȥΪѧˣõϵʶܵϵãҪ
ϲ˼룬ڻӡϷдϱĽʱգЩддϷִͳĲӼѾˣֳԹŮˡֵ·
дŮҿģǾżдӿģʵ䣬ѪԵɺϾ䣬˷ת
Ҫôô棬ȻҪһЩҲŪ˴۽硣
лᣬһڿȺ۽֮ʣһĵ˽Ժ
еδˣֻλӣڴӭδӾ١
һˣаϲ
ǹӼ˾ҵԪĽʿ˲һƣͱᣬǺԺ̽ѧʿҲ֣ǽᶽѧ٣ƷҲѹԷһȡ
еСǲԸΪԼΪλߵ٣Լķͷ
ףԽֿܷĸʲ󣬴ʱȻԼ룬˿ֺѣΪ顣
ǳ;ˣΪ䵭һ̸ֻ˵ȥЪϢͬٶ
ܿ쵽˰³һա
һգԺҪп١ʽҲǿ뿼
νԹʮ٣Ϊаͬ١Щһ빱ԺٲܳҲλڹԺֳ⣬ֳӡơ
ڼ乱ԺرأһֻӬûɲҲɲ
£ҲΪ˷ֹ֮·ȡʿ˳֮͢أݲ
ÿ꿼پʽ࿼ǰȥۿ
Ϲ
ҲˣǰѰ˸ľ¥Ҫ˸¥ٴλãΪһ˭
ֻϧѡطʱ˵ȷʵܿԺţµͷŷ̫࣬˼ˣӵţ
̾˿սȭͷ
˭ֻϣ뷨Ը
Ҫ˾٣ЩָδãǷ׼뿪ǰٸԣ
˻ԣվڽǴ֮ϣϵǸָΣ
뵽̧ͷ˿죬·ǳξ֮ϣһεľʱѾõȻբһУҪһϸ¡


66 
ʱһӤ
һ
ƶӹµĴɡ
ôˣ˲øǵģʵ̫ã֮ǰڻӣϸԡԡԺԣûиϣôҲҪո֡
ˣٺѧҲˡ
ٲμԣŶ˽˵ġݾȡɣٴĥ꣬ԼǷȱȵʱμԡ
ΪҪż䣬ûи˼湱Ժ˶ɢˣ˲뿪¥
ȥ·ϣܵ˵ȵգҪһΪϿѲܴӣЬӲܴףʹܱΪգ򶼵ǿĵģٶҪ飬ͷ㶼Ҫ˼飬첻ѡ
һȥЩϣնô˵ǽȥһ죬ʲô
¯ӣࣿ
ʵҲ֪ʲôԶǴҪˡ
ԡȥ׼ʹˣҲ±ٻʱϴһϴųԡٵ
Уüʲôһʱ䣬㹻׼ˡ
ȥ·Ͼ룬Ȼȥ󣬰ѳԱ˵Ĵɽȥ˺Ժһˡ
ԺĲ˵أʱ򣬸ˡ
˵ʱ˳ԵˣרŸ˼֣֮ǰӾӶˡ
С콷ú޵ģʮֺÿ
֮ǰ֪ʲôժ˳ǸƭǺóԵģɵȥ첱Ӵ֣˼Ž
ȥժЩְ֮ǰɹɹһЩѸղ·мʱļţþˮˡ
մһ
ԴүӷһҲǸģҲ䡣
Ҳ֪үôС¶һ֣үóϷúܣøʲô͸ʲô
ÿ춼ҪϰɳΧŴܣǴɳɽȥ
ʱڵģȻܻߣϴţ⡣
ǴʲôóԵģ
ʲôóԵҲûݣԺġ
һۣûߣһԿ
ţϴˣȥȥгϸٷŵϸκͺϡ
и˿ãȥջ
һջһߵҵջѾͷʹȻҪҳԡ
ԻУ
Ųⱻ˵ֻҪԾУΪɩ˺һ֣ֻҪǰûģóԡ
ͣΪըͲܷͣҪò͡
ŸͼȵĹ򣬸׼ˡ
յѿӼŽȥ΢΢ðСݣţ˿Ϳ¹ˡȰţŽըΪţˮըž죬ԶԶģ±ͽ
ȹﲻˣ鷭ţ⣬ըţⶨͣͿˡ
תΪմ𣬺ܿðٰ̣ţ¹ըһ飬һβըˣ͹£̳
ѶͲһЩ֮ͣǰ׼õϽȥԳСͼִϣн˿ࡣ
пԳζ˴еĲ˲ܷţԸȴըζѴ˳
ٰըõţŽȥԳηǷŽͣһҪˮֳˣԳһٳ
ʢһ룬ֻ˴Լһ̵ӣЩ۲˶Σ˼³
Ҳ˲ջˣҪԡ
һģֻС˵۲˶εģȸ
ʣµЩԷʱԡ
ûæ꣬һЩţ⽴
ⶫ϶ģũҴ󽴡
ǰѹˣͣյðʱѴ󽴵ȥԳѴˮֳɣϡ
ξͲŴˣը󣬰ţ;ŽȥԳٳǰŵʡ
һЩˮ档
ˮܷͨţͳˣԷż첻ˮҪݼˮҪ棬һʱá
ʱëѾиؼҳԷ
ϴϴ֣ΧȹһӸţ˿ٰţ⽴С룬ϱŴɵؼҳԷ
ʵѾˣȫڼ߼νʲôУ˵٣Ҫ̴ɣÿ˳˵һˡ
ĸţ˿һ˵
ëѾëСģֻķֵһΪ̫Сıֱ죬ҪԣͬҲĴѵ䣬ʵȥԷˡ
ⶫóԵǺóԣ̫ˡָôôӣѧһھƣ˭֪ˣ
ʵɱҲֻûֳҲʱŵôࡣ
ҪԺôܷŰ磬Ҫţ⽴ɼбóԡ
ѧ˳һԣźںڣһֱʽС뽴ɻü
׸磬õģ˸ͷˣ˵㽴ȥ
һڣͰѧ޵ˡ
ţζŨкһũҴ󽴵Ķеôպڣ΢΢һ˿˼ĸʡ
óԡ
һ˶æȥнţ󻨶ѧӼ˸ɡ
ͷǵҪүӣѧ˵ʱͼɳˡ
ڳԣѧȴ̻
ָ˵⽴ܷţһܷŶð
΢΢һЦôܷŶãܷŶãǰǲ⣬ǿˣҲܷһ°ɡ
ʵũҴ󽴳ԵʱҲܹ࿪̳ӣȻͻỵ
һ㶼Ҩһ룬һӣ´ûˣҨһԣǴˣܳһ굽ͷ
Ǿÿһװٵ㣬һָܳ㲻ⶫóȥǮѧ
Ȼ֪ⲻǸճӣûϣҴȹˣЩȥҴȿСʳģ벻ֻġôҺϻ
ѧЦĬˡ
ô̻ˣɽвٺӴԣ֪Դڵ׶ˣӶƤ̸׬ˣԼҲ
ڱǮޣտʼʱֻѡƤӣգΪʮӣҲ͹ռźƤӡ
һƤҵģţҲͽΪһӣһ£Ǵ׬һʡ
˻Ͷӣ߷ٶһٶҲмʮĽˣҲ˽ҵӹúܡ
µȻȥ˵Ҳ
ˬá
ţ󻨳˳ˣҪ⣬ǶҲϡ
ү̹ķϻࡣ
ţ󻨵˵ˡ
.
߸̸£һҲýԺˡ
һԺ֮ǰһΪȥԺſʳ
ͷҲǳڻԵɺϡ
֮ǰѧ˵԰շ͸⣬Ǹвסģͱ߸׼ʳ
УѧȤ˵иÿηϹԺڹԺǰñӺЬ
ҪΪֶڹԺǰ
⻹Ҫ˵빱ԺʱǲģȻ˹ģýš
ɵȥԺ̫࣬ǺڵϹģ˼ˣȻ˱ñӻЬ
ʱѾ˹ԺǰתͷȥñЬ𣿵Ȼܣֲýô죿
ЬñӣϹƵıį֮̄ǰٸᵽĿıʸ˵ıʣС̨ĵ֮ĵȵȡ
ʱ֮ֳҿġ
ıʺ̨û취ô죿
Ǿһ⡣
ΪǶҲȱٵ⣬ⲹϣζ׷ѣֻҧȥЩҲü
ⲻģһ㶼عԺۻԼֻ߸Լйϵ·
ѧѣиڽﵱܣǲ⡣
˵ݣʵҲҪϹ׬붼Ҫ͸ˣΪʵ̫׬ˣʹϽ룬Ҳ׬١
⼸ֳʳֺܷóԣҪõԺǰ϶ⲻ
˵ģ⡣
üëѧҲüë
˶ۣ뻹Ѱ˼ڶԿʲôѧͻȻҵȥʡ
磬Ҹһɣһϡ


67 
´м˿ޣѴɱϡ
ѧŶ뿪˺ɽ塣
һ·˽ǣѧȥǸѡ
˳ġ
ǸӣӡǵָһЩջڽµˡǼȲƦѹպΪ첻£ǳˣԳиϤǲơ
Ҳǲ£ֻɵӣеͣʲô׬ӸʲôѧƤʱʶġ
е²ţų£ʱ򣬹ѧӣѧû˵ͽ
Ҳѧ˺ˬǸСģҲаۣˣ˽黹һȾơӡ
ѧ͸ҵʱҲţһ֮²֪ǳȥεԺſڰڻ̯¡
˵Ǹݻ˸ϼԲˡ
˽⵽ǣǸݻ˸£˵ԷϹҪһɣݲŴҽڰ
˼룬ⱻˣŶһɣ
ǹյڣཻһɣ⣬ֻ׬ǮҲҼˣⲻܶ
ѧΪĽ굹ùò˳˿һƤ⣬û̸
֮ǰԺʱһʣϰǷµļĸջϣָŰ׬һʣźһӡ
һȥԺʳ£õİԼ̸˵
ļѧæ·ȥѧҲûܾ
Ϊиˣкӣľͬѧһڳԯϣ˱ѧͰʳ˵ˡ
ĵҲˬ죬˵ֻҪ̸ɣͰһӴϡ
ֻϹҪཻһɣԼܲ׬ǮȻ˰һҲû˼
㣬ʳͬЬñīֽʲԼģѲĽǮĴǲܱǮΣֻǮϽɣʣĳɻ׬һЩǮġ
˵̫磬ϾԼ¶û̸ɡ
.
ĵסڳǱŽפ֮ء
˶Էһˣϧ˲ڣ˵ȥȥˣֻȥ
óǵһ·ŵʱŵıк˾ȥˡ
ѧΪǼݣƵеݹϵļҵôӣǰ˸ݣŻˡ
ĵţͼ
һĳˡ
ˣǻˣϹΣС檵ҵܵܣҼݹϵɲ˼ҽԳ
ѧοȻУǾˣȥ
ߣʱһ
νѧȶԷߣ˭֪еǵǰȴͻȻͣˡ
ӱƿ¶һŽܽ档
һ˿ˡ
һֱ͸⿴Ҳ𳵴ӡ
㰡ҿ⳵죬ɸŴӵô⣿
ҺҸˡ
Ҳû뵽ɡ
˵Ҳ㣬˱˳ȥһ˵
ʵô⣿㻹ðɣǸƽأ
Цӯӯ˻ˣӾ˽Э졣仹С˵㣬һУƽҲáķǸӣҲӹûأû뵽㾹ˣ⺢Ӿ̫
˵ͷ
ҿ
֪ӣӦǻᱧӵģͰѴɵ˹ȥ
ˣΪԱˣҲޣŴĴָš
ã
Ŀ꣬ƺͨɣǰڹʱ򡣲ûг̫ãͷϰ˸ӣɵ
Ҫơ
ɰɣҲû׼㶫͵ǸӴҪǲҪˡ
ôᣬֻǡ
εˣлл⡣
ɼ£¶Цݡ
ˣǲҪʲô£Ҫʲôܰæģ˵
ԥ
ŵ˵ˣ˵ǧЭˣЭǸݵĹٴ֪ġֻԥҪҪڣǿڣ᲻Юͼ
ôҵĽ飬㻹˼ڣ

ˣҲٽˣ󷽷˵˴ȥԺǰڳʳ̯Ĵ㣬ֻλ˼ˡ
ɵҲˣӦܰ¡
ȵȣҽȥʡ
˵ţٶͷȥˡ
ߺѧ߹λ˭
ΪڣɵҲ͸¶ˣֻ˵ǰھʶˡ
һԣ˫ĿضŸ
ѧӣû뵽ûǸµģȻʶˡ
󾽣֪ܲܰء
һɳˡ
רһľӡ
Ū£ʣιԺǸءʱľӾܽȥ
ȻллˣҲ֪ûи鷳
ʲô鷳鷳ɻ벻ЦЦˣ˴УҲӦ㡣
˵ţƤգգۡ
ľִٸж
ɺܿ죬ɵɫֱø
ҵˣƽڼˣðɣ
ָ̫ӡ
ͷãģһ˶û
ɹûҪڳʳ̯
Ϊǳǿ˵ģת룬̫֮ǰͷ¶ıԼҼӦѹڸϣȻڱźӳ·
ô룬ĸֵҲ½ϾǰݡŲΣˡԺҪʲôѴңܰһ㡣
Ŀɵȥ֪ԼǱˡ
Ϊ˵ûɲԸأ
ҲûзŲΣڷŵεúܣһΣգȥƾ٣ɶûѽ
һߣ
û뵽ֹһˣһǧҲͷŶԣӦýЭˡ
㲻°ɣϾҡº󣬽
Э벻£Ǿ֮͡
ҲǹüѣȻܳڳʳ̯ҾܰͰһ㡣
ЭҲû뵽ǰ̫ӵ޷źӳڳʳֻ̯˵컯Ūˣλõ͵ҲûʲôҪס
⣬ʱҸعԺһ㿴Щǡ
лл㣬ӥ硣
ɵЭĻ
.
ɲ֪һĻ
Ŀ˿ӣϲƽʱõӡ
Ҳ˼ɱ֪Ȩı˽ÿζǸӣʱıӣԻǽȥ̯
ÿҲͷ飬û뵽һǮ۶õˣ
ΣõС
Ϊʱ䣬һȥŻȥʳ˫Լüʱ䣬͸Էֿˡ
ȥ󣬰ɩӶæ
еİϴ⣬еİݼˮ棬ΪҪ࣬Ҫ֡
֮⣬ҲˣôѼţӸ壬öŪ¯ӣʱƳȥ̯
Լ棬Ѽˮϸ棬Ȼһڹ졣
ȫ죬УˮˮˮɺЩͣͲճһ
ˮƽ棬þͺڲ׺Ҿš
񸣶첻ȣûԷ죬սԷ첻
ˣʱüˮ棬ĳʳ飬Ӹ˿ÿӲһܿûмд
ȥ󣬻˳ԣˮһݳԣζ
ţ˿ţ⽴ʹ˳һϾⶫǮ϶Ҳ֪ʱû
֮⣬һֱʲôһۿûмд٣ܳŲɣǾҪһˡ


68 
³ˣһ繱Ժ־ͱˡ
˵ǳ빱ԺʽǳţֻǽԴһ翪ʼԺ־ͱǰռˡ
һȥԺǰĹ㳡ͷܶŵĹԺҲ˼˰ˡ
һʱ볡ôˣһѲ飬֮ǰ벻˳
ΪԺй涨֮ǰû볡ģʹҲ
˵ǹٱѵȫ¹ԺôģԸ⣬ͱˡ
ǣЩͰѡ˹ġ仰ߵĶˣֻӼȺȺ
Ļǡ˹ġ
մԱڽϵԱǣһС̣ط档
ýⷢٽⷢ٣Ь͸Ͻѣǹ컯֮£ɲǲ˵˹ġ
ʼҲЩ˸ϧҪ裬뿼
ɽžͳ˼д£ǴһԱϾѵһдµССдһƲľϣԱ
Ƕ˵ֻʣһ£ܵһԴʾȥˡ
Դ˸ͬģ˶ûдСЩ˼дȥˣǲǶ˵Ĳƽ
ôһЩе˹ĵĿҲʵʵʵѡ
һأͿ뿼ˡ
ʱЩ𻵣Ǳ˶˵ĶҪˡ
į̄ΪأȻȥû취д⣬ҲҪȻȥһ죬ܲܺš
һԿŴһļС̯ӳС
С̯ûһʳС̯ۡ
ͨʳ̯޲ľƳ¯ӣǹټѾãˮŵ档
ν棬ʵҲǵһֳʳ
ϵȵ廨⣬бƬڹԳ΢΢ƣŽ͡ϳ㣬΢һ˷ʵĶǣٰðͷ涹ˣҲˡ
󷭳ȣȵزϣϲһľͿԳˣϣԽһģͷڹ೴һԽԽ㣬Ҳš
ʱС̯ľ档
ֻƺͨ治һʹŮϰ֪֮ϷǱߵļˮ棬治磬׻Դż죬Ҳ
пһθϸûо飬һͷӣһһ鿴ԼҪ½ԺûԵģΪ֮ǰԺֻṩˮȫҪԴ
ЩͷӼ齪᲻ã졣
ЩҾõģǰͷϵһһģƤװã˿Щ
ЩҾõģͶ˼
ҲС̯͹˼ꤡ

һˣеĳԹ緹еûУۼʱˣûֵԼֲߣֻܶżȡ
Ƭ㳡棬ҲǹٱסդĽֽϣʵüʳġС̯ɵ׬ǮĺʱȻ
λòУǼŵ볡ҲټȺʳλñռˣСԼֽȥդҲֻһЩΧĿЩӡ
Ҫô̾ҪôͿԼͷӰɡ
ʱȺﴩżӣһȺʣҪҪʳ
Ⱥ棬̵ļб⽴
⽴ΣͲǿԡ
ʵǸʱģһѳʳĿ˺һôˣȶˣҲˣֲû˵ǰ볡
Ǯ׬ɵӣ
öȥ˴ɳޣЩˡֱ˼һ
ǿô죿
һʮģǮһֽ㣬Ȼֱ͵ϡͬʱװˮͲߣװġ
ôɵ㼰棬ЩٱæȻ죬С̯ҲæȻ졣
һݡʮݡʮݡ
Щ֪ǰˣʶԷȳʳĶģ
ԷͻָȺһͷϰŻͷĺӶ˵Ǹˡ
Ϊǻͷ
⻹治ԹȤζŸȺﶵ۳ʳ϶Ҫһźϣôȥ޵Ĳ
˭֪ΪҪã˿黨
ǴԼ˳ܵܺ
æļˣÿ˶ֵһ黨ͷһҪͷϣΪۡ
鶼ûã˵ҪǲϻȥûԡֻܰſЦĻͷֻ¶ֻ۾ȺȥҲۡ
ҿͶΪ⣬ں棬ˣҪ֪һͷʳҲæˡ

֮ǰ˶Թ֪ҵ漫ΪóԡȵԺʱԼĳʳòٳԣֻ߲ȥɿͷô죿
ؼǸĿںܴԺõļдĳʳ
ЩС̯ԱʵʮΪ˷ֹСдֻҪһأС̯þӵ֡
˸ĽŰɣͳһݡ
ֻŮϰ壬ڰ̯һֽÿӼֽϡֽ̯üһ۹ȥܿûκμд֮
̯ӿһۣӵͷæϣݸ
ֽ빱Ժʱû⵽Ǻøˣһһﲻ̯ǰ
ȻӺͱô˵Ҳԭġ
첻Ѿʼˣ񸣶ЩС̯Ҳʱġ
Ҳ࣬Ϊ˷ֹ˽һҪܹһԻͷĸල
Ӹһ󻻼⼸һֱ
ôڣ˲úһڣҲ˲óһڡöȥǴԼ¯Ӹղ衣
̯棬ϵһڵǡ
ÿһ룬ǶѼģƬҲĿɼ
˼ҷ˼ҵĲ裬Ҳĳ˼ҵݣøҲҪ۸ˣȻ˫ദǢ
һԼ˴۽С̯޲գԼû뵽ʳķӡ
ʵҲ뵽ĳʳܶ࿼ԼˡҪôǲܴҪôǱ
ʳü¯ӣʱҲֻؿſҪǮƵĳʳ̯ϡ
Ҳûڣɵѵģܱ򶨣˻̾䡣
ѧЬñòã͸£ȥȺﶵЬñʱ˳㶵۳ʳһݸʮģһ׬ʮġ
ĴϲɢɢҲ˶ʮݡ
ڼ䣬С̯ϵѾ׶ˣҿ׼үӺ˨ų˼ڼĵڶ
Ҳ˲棬Ǹļóˡ
һǰõһһʮġ
һ㣬Ƕ̾ʳʵĶǼвκζģҲ֣۾ܹ
Ǳпʮ˸ʱ˹Ժųԡ
ţ˿ţ⽴Ҳǳˡ
ţ˿ֽŮһôСһӡ
ǹ˵㣬ǲ˰ţġ
Դཨͱͨˣţϰղ£ţ⻹Զöࡣ
ҲɱߣϾɹŲԭţԶȹںûãڹڣǮҪһ
򣬸͸˳һ㡣
û죬һԵı˵ǹ˵㣬óóԣø̯ʱһЩʱ
Ļ˵ʱ͹үԣзݣѾǰˣ࣬ʵڹС̯֮ơ
ùָӣ˫⣬ЩǿС̯ҲΪˣۺԷҲҲڷ
ֲӵģȻ򰡡
ǮٵһݣǮĶ㡣
ֽ̯ƽƽģһ۾ܿûжȻáţ˿ˣţ⽴Ҳˡ
ñȽ˿ڰ֮ǰ϶ꡣ
æˣͻ
ڴɣﶼˣҲֻܸںö
һæգͿճһ˱
ﻻЪϢ
Сһ˾ͳԣ˾͵ˣһˣﱳߵ˯ˡ
Эˡ
ԶԶվһͷû
ǿС̯
ŷֽ̫ظ˰ʳӣӺ庢ӡֲ۾ǲϴˣ
Ļ
ۼ磬ŵ볡Ŀûôˣλ̫ӾȻ˲֣ѵӣ¶ɾԱ
һǰȥˡ
û뵽ҲҪ³ʿӣ
ѾˣȲֲ
ЦЦǰ
Ĵָ޵ˣˣο϶С۾ʹ֪ʵʿӣЩֻ֪壬̯ܰСʳˣ˵϶ѡ
ӵ˵ô롣
ΪӶЩôƣ
ΪְڣҲԹ˴ƲЩǴ³ࡢ˹ġ
ǳЩӣֵ䵽ˣȻôôѡ
ӡ
Щָ߰ᣬֻʣһѣָʹ
ǰʿȴûë֮ǰͲȣ˫̸Ҳ崺硣
ǲддʿˣ˵ʵ
ЦЦ㼪ԡ
ʱҲˣԶԷ˹֣ߵһȥ´Ь٣ְѱҵĶãϿ빱Ժš
Э쿴һĻ𾪵վվˡ
̫³ԣ
ʶתŲȥϷ塣
˭
ˣ鵽ǿľϣ᲻鵽Լ
ƫԶĽ̫ӵûˣ̫ڹԺǰһ̯ҲûκλȻõ֤
ϳ̫ӵˣڹԺ棬ЩĹүǡ
ȥװû
ԣȥ
ϳ£޹ء
뵽ЭתȥһǶˡ
ǡ


69 
ν䲻ͨ仰Ҳû
ҲǣЭ佫ûе٣Ȼ֪ԺΡ
Ϊ˷ֹƾףĳ͢ѷþˣô˵ѷֹ伫
ϸѲʿһʡٵʥּɻʵֱӷ£ӵּйԱûؼңھжֱгϸءطϣڿû֮ǰ֪һο˭Ҳһ
Ѿòˣʵ˿ߵˣǱˣ˻ͨϢ
ǿڸϸغ󣬲׼ֱ빱Ժ빱Ժһ𣬵֮ǰٶǱڹԺģرء
пַٺ٣پ٣λͬ٣ٸ⣬ͬٸľˣӡ١ܾ١ַ١¼ٵȵȡ
ٲӴٵپͱãٷš
ٹٺֶ֮⣬ලƺ⡣
ֳ⣬õӡֱڹԺӡɾɷ
ȿ꿼⣬ʱܾٺַҪſַȻõ¼¼ٳд
֮ģдīз棬Ƿֹпּͨס
͵ٺͬû취˾˭˭ľӣҪгǩ鵽ĸǩ
ɷ٣ҲͬĿÿ֮ụΣĿƸ٣Ǿÿԣȡˡ
ͬʱΪٹᣬкͿܽӴ٣ܾͨ䣬ַѡøõС˫ල
ڼ䣬ٵһһٴ˼ල֮£ͨٶѡһĹٲ̫Ը佫Ρ
Ժĺž٣Ҳɴֲʶһıǳ䵱õߣΪץһ׵ģ⽱ͬ١
˵ƺԼ޴ڵشŹԺĽǽÿ˶š
ЩЭ첻֪֪
̫Щ£֪ڹԺʶ˿ԲΪʱģܾһЩžľԼɵط˳εļٹ١
ҪЩ١
ɵţҵԼĺ
ĺᴦڱ߽λãطڵطĺԶ
ˣٿɲϳԼҪЩԷ
һеȿԻ¡
.
ڹԺΣһߵȹԺŹرգҲ̯ؼˡ
˶۵òᣬǸûѴӦõţ˿͸ЩӺͱ̯ʣµгʳ˳ȥ
Ҳʣûپǣʣ˵ͼɱ͸Щ
صҺ󣬴̻ʳЩȻȲŸˡ
ɸæأ˳ԱˣҪ̡
Ѿˣһ棬ҲûҲûޡ
Ŷӣһ߸ι̣һͷ˵Ż˵ܻˣһŽ˶ӡ
ʵ涼Ǯﻹ׵ģҪ˲֪
Ѵι󣬸Ѻӽɩȥĳϣһӳ
ӣǰӷϡ
ˣȥҵǱߴ
ͭǮЩӺӡ
Ҳ֪Եģ˵ǮҲͨ˼ҪԣЩǣһεĴȣȻƽʱҪûǮĶࡣ
û빱Ժжٿ˵ѾǿƿƶĵطϽΧ㣬ǧӦеġ
۲ƾչ㣬Ǹǰ񲿸طͳƵ֪ÿһƽӦûе͹ǧˡ
Ͱǧ㣬ÿʮļƣǧҲһʮ
ɵһ˰ͭǮãٰӹƣ㣬İʮ
˶ɵˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ͸ǿ˵ӦԴԤǴĶģ
һӶôࣿ
ţ˿ţ⽴ǲû㣿ѵ

û٣Ҳһٷݣţ˿㣬ţ⽴ЩҲǮˡ
ÿʮƣʵǲԵģΪһͲֹʮģ˶ݣҪô˱԰һļƲźʡ
ܶ٣֮Ǯ˶Լġ
ǮŻ˲ʮҲ˵İٶǴ׬ġ
ѧϧǺãǼһΡ
Ц磬Ҫ
Ŷһ󣬴ٽȻ죬ٳҲ˵⻹ء
ԣ
ʵҲӰģΪ֮ǰľԺԸԣԲһһ죬
ǶϽȥúЪţ׼ȥҾ¯ӿԸĸģٻ㣬õүܡ
ѧһ߸˵һ߸
ѵ磬ˣľǵӣΪ뵽˱û뵽ġܽҲܽҲ󣬿϶˷ۡ
һ⻰ʱһˮѧͷϡ
ȭͷô׬ӣ˭⣬Сү᲻
ֱЦˣСӶЦöΣ֮ǰŻͷС̫ƵģȺ⸱
ұȥҪӣǶȭͷʲôʱѧѧɩӵĲѵ
СӵĶʱ˵ˣ֪Ӯ
ʲôӣ
˼ǲȡģܽҲܽʵҲûƣһǰ棬֮ǰۼҳʳģԵúãؿ϶ǵĻͷˡ
ĿԱ߹Ǽ黨ˡ
ͷ
Ҳ˵ǰԼŪ۵㣬ױϼס»˼򣬿϶һͷ
һԣ˲ŷ֣ԭ/ôȼ֮
ʵôӴһ䣬ºԼˣϾ߳ߴ󺺣ͷͷʵеɶ
˵һ죬ȻԻȥϢʲô˵Ҳ١
.
˵Կÿ죬ʵǰ볡һҲˡ
Եһʱ䣬Ӧǳʮ̫ɽ֮ǰ
ʮһڶǵ볡ʮ֮ǰʮĿ
ȻҪǰҲԣǰǰؼϢʱһɡ
ÿζǰдڸֽϣ飬ÿˣܳϡ
̫罻Ҳ̫ÿζǽ˶ҲʱȺһԺһͲˡ
ʮһ죬Ȼϣ֮ǰЬñį̄С̯ն˳ʳ
öǸһģӱ濴ȥ棬ֻϸЩࡣ
һɫһϾգ˺˲õ治һԷŲˮ棬ǵص档
ʵҲܳԣǷ˻һ𣬵׶һʱǿġ
ǷŵⲻҵĶࡣɼܲס˼ñˣʮģ˼ʮġ
˵ط󣬷־ȳɰѧòᡣ
Ҳ͸ŲæǱϽȥҪ
ʵϣûλͷˣΪȥȺۣôˣ˭ʶ˭Ҷǵ֮ǰǳĻͷԴ໹򸣶档
ֵʱѡˣұˣȻЩҾ̫õģԸ˵
м仹¡
һЬñīĶĳ棬ֻĹ˼ѧû磬ĵá
бС̯ϵ棬Ūò飬մһһģӲù
̸ǸС̯ΪԷûֻˡŪù˼ˣǶˡ
ԷŪЩʳͲˡ
ǼСæŪϡ飬Ƿ˵ģΪǸ涼˭֪ͷ̫
ǲΪӣϾҪǮģǮ⣬һиͷءǸ䱻һЩҲû١
ȥˣֻٶһǴ׬
һûС̯ϰæڼϢ磬볡ˡ
֮֮ǰûʲô죬ͲϸЩ֮ǰͼҵĳʳòóԣһθ⵹ֻһЩ
.
ڸæ׬ǮæԣԺ֮к֮һڿҲڽܹĵľС
Űھ³Ҳζֻаµʱľ
µʱ俴ͦʵҪ꼸ǧݿͦŵġ
³һпһһϣҿҲųˡ
ǿƾٴʡÿζҲȡʮˡ
ʮ꣬ݰ񣬿ٻڲݰд¼ȡĿš
ݰ󣬽۲
ڼٹٺٵļල£졢īһ˶ȷ󣬲ַ⣬дϿīдϿ¼ȡΣνд
ͷĿʱ˾Ĭһ£Ϊ˿ĪЩ졣

˹գζ˻ʼ⣬ûͨˡ
ҲôһˣϾǰ̫ӵҲÿٶ֪ġ
ĬͲɾͳһ£ΪʱٺеͷĿЦ˵Ϳӷǳ֮
ԡ
ͬѣ
ֻĿ͸ϽϰɣҲôãȻλ硣
󣬵Ȼ󣬱ɡ
еվɫϲõشһнӹʣһˡ֡


70 
μԵĿһ㶼뿪ҪȵŰ֮ߡ
ҲԿȺӵʿǳûڸ¥֮䡣
ͬڽ֣ɽ廹ͣճϢѵʲôС
峿
ʱ޶˯
żϣͬ˯̬
ȥϴ˰ȻҲûԶԺ˸ãһͨ
Ӻǻڣȥϴִ롣
ˮʱڵˣﻹŸӡ
緹زūû𣿡ɺ޶
ɩӡ
û˵ɩӣҽزūӣˣ껹硣
εҡҡͷӽݣϺֽݡ
ߺ󣬿ϵֻ˸ơ
ɱ˲ԣﻳˣ۾ûͰ̡
ʱɹƳԱˣ᲻ö۾ŵˣ˹
ˣҪҪ𣿡
ƺ֪ڸԼ˵öһ
Ҫɣ˯
İѶӴӱȰһߣСӸסȥС
µĺӣӲˣȽҲˣͲٰ٣Ҫˡ
ɵСѶѸģɽ³죬ѾЩˣҪϼ£СﻹҪټӲ㱡޻
ظɴ黨СްٰƨϵƬӳһԣŴĵС޿㡣
޿һֱǰڼͷϰѴϵãµһµƬһ£ˡ
ȥ緹
һֱŶӣһֳࡣ
ǰ࣬бн
ʱֹƺҲԡ
ɵȵҨСιմų˵ζֺƫ֮ͲҪˡ
԰գʣµͱȥš
мɰּûȥ鷿˱顣
һ߿һ
úܸˣŵรһûȤˡ
۶
ĵҪǻȥɣ
ƺöԵú˷ܡ
ϵ˯㡣
ôѡ
Ѷӷϡ
оѹԼϣ۾һȱ﷢е㲻Ծ۾Ѵø¸ֱЦˡ
㴩ˣ˯һ
ɿɲ˵ฺֻ͸¸£˵ˡ
緹ˣ㲻𣿡
۾Ҳ˭ôġ
ɤӡ
ҪŰ񡣡
۾ģ
һӣɲǽ
Ҳ̫֣˲֣Ǻ˸ʵ۵òҪ˯جգòʱա
øãͷ·صǻҲ̫ã⽫һʱ̫£ͬʱֻӡ
Ҳˣֽϲ£Ȼɲһ𣬲˵
Ҳû󣬾ˡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫһ
ϴױԹ緹˱Ŵȥкһһȥû
˭֪ûط˵ˣ˵˶ȥˡ
ãҲûȥˣֱתȥҡ
.
Ҫɽʲô֣ҳţ׬Ǯ
ʴΪ֪
֮ǰţ¯ǹҲزסǾͳ˼أûˣҲ֪ʲô⣬׬û׬Ǯ
տʼΪأȻզˣ
Ϊ˨ӳ죬еĴ˵Ҵ֮ǰ׬ǮˣⲻΪûСӣ͸ء
ʵ˵ţйء
ţۼ󷿲˼ӾȻ
ȷӦ˵һǧʮ϶ǸĻĶӺͽҲǿµġ
Ժʱռ˴ͷ߰ʣٶһӷˣ׬Ǯ
Ǯɲˣϴ׬ˣţ󻨿Ǵ󷿽˼
ͷүѹţڼҲҶ˵ȥ˵Сˡ
˵ֶֺ֪ŮѾͷһһӣһŹһ룬˼Ѿ׬ǧӡ
һͨũ˼ңֻһۻҲͻʱеǮٸ黨ѣ޻¡ǻĻƣһ굽ͷ¼ӡ
ǧũ˼˵ǲĿ
˰ɣ˵ƤȷʵҲŵŴԺɶģȥֶֺŮû
߻ŲԸ⣬Ǳ߹Ѿˣ֪ܷŹ
Ƕ֪үӵҷּʱҲͽүӺݺݵؽѵһ٣ԴԺ󹶼ٲҴţ˿үӾͶԶԶġ
ǲңߥԼŮŮ
ߥ޵ù죬֪׬˴Ǯּһֱû˾̲סֱˡ
Ҳֱ˵֮ǰڹҽӡ
ʵʲôӣһ˺óǵӶ֮ǰڴ󷿼һԻȣƽʱʡġһʱûס԰Ǯһͨߣһͽﱣˡ
ҪǮҲǹȥͺˣɷڻȥҪ
˭֪˸˸⣬˵˶ﲻܸǮǮԣҪŮý塣
ŮҲ֪Ů˽ӣ˽ôһ֣ʱŮؼҶչε㣬תͷˣŮֶһӣ
ƤǳһãӦˡ
Ӿͳˡ
ͻȻţӼɷ򣬹ǼݣЩìԹԼ羹Ȼô¡
⻰ɷǰɲֻ²˵
˭֪ͷ꣬ӻ˲ʶȤ浱֪ӹõǵӣϱҵģ
Ȿӣ
Ϊ£Ӵˡ
һ򲻾ִˣ
дȥк˵˺öˣˡ
ǲҲ׶ӣүƽʱСӣҲڼſڸˡ
үӳ˸ˡ
һæȥ
ȥ˺ҵԺó
վһԽбˣһж˸ݱ
ˣ϶Ҫ˵ӳϢһжܲ·硣үͳСӴܴ̫ˡ
ȥһã˾ɿˡ
һͷҲûõĶȥһˣǱġ
˵˵ô£
үӻ£ˡ
˵һһĴһ߾ͼٿ׼۸˰ҺúõҴô׼÷ģŰ÷ĴҵүҶɲ
ʱպÿһĻ
Ȥ½ǵ쿴㿪۽硣
Цãʲô۽硣
ţͼĸҲǰһ
Ӵҵү⻹ˣһŴҶһھȻȸ״
󣬱̸ĻӶĴȿ
ϲˣһԺΧ㡣
˴нʱʱŵ٩һ䡣
ֳ棬Ŀɿڴ
үӣѾ֪˵ʲôˣָָţ󻨣Ťͷˡ
־磡
ûס͵͵ʸүôȢ̣
һۣΪ˵ú˼
Ҳͦƣͦεġ
Ա߲һ䣺˵ү䵽Ǳ̾Ȼȥġ
û뵽˵ܵˣԺ׼͵˵
ٿЦãӴˣͱҴ˰ʱ
ֱ׳ҳˣûףҾͱ󣡡
ٵ˵ˡ

үߣСˣϱҲߣӵ˨߲ˡ
Ͼﲻˣ˼˶࣬ٳԿզ죿
Ѱ˼ôһȵʱܹϲˣϲˣ˵Ů˾٣ﱨϲˡ
Ůء
ŮŮһۡ
Ⱥһ¾ɢˣȥˡ
ӳܸ˭Ҳˣƨվ
˨ȥ߰ɣȥְѵǻˡ
ţŷӦͷӿһףҲˡ
զ죿
զ죬Ȼȥ
ʱ˨һԵŮŮҲӦˡ
ôվ⣬˵˾٣оˣ
֪ģ


71 
оˡ
ϲģҺ졣
Ҵǰըž죬ֽɡ
ݱϲ츮ؾүϲԪ꽨ԵһԪ
Σ޵ĽԪү١
һȺ˶æѴɽ˹
ǰǣ
ƺνԪүĲ⣬ϲЦԺŰڳûҵү˵үסڸרŹһˡ
Ǳ߸룺ҪӰ
֪רűϲˣǰѱϲģֳ棬оٵȻϲʤ͵ǮҲͶࡣ
һˡ
ȻҲ֪飬ӻͳӵݹȥ
ϲֻһЦݸǲãһ·ģ֮ǰ˵̫үҪٹ˾͵ˡ
Ȼϲǰߣųˡ
Žӣȫ̴ˣһ·࿪˺ɽ塣
һ·˹עȻʮ綼֪ɽ³˸ˣ˵ͷԪ
ɽڴӵһˣŶԷҡݺ뵱ҵү˵˵ҴΧˡ
ǳ˽ųǹǸ֪ԺǱ߹ˡ
Ȼ̽ˣʾãҲǸ֪ҪȥѧŲμ¹硣
һĹأŰڶѧž¹磬Ϊһ½أͬʱҲ½˰лһʦʦǵʱ
ʱܵõλʦʦԺ;Яũӳ˵ǻõʱ
Ȼֻ޳ԼġΪƶⲻ֪¹ЦЩζ
˶ٱ㷹Ǹ׵ġ
ΪõĶͨʳģֻҷ˳ζҲûʲô쳣
ȳߺ󣬸ȥ¹磿ô죿
ʵ⸣һŵӣһֱû֮ǰܶһ㣬Զ㲻ȥΪֳϣ϶Ĺ١
ˣˡ
һ㶣ͻȻ˼ˡ
֮ǰˣȥƾٲЩڿĿġ
¹ǽνʿ磬ʱȻĿȺپס
ʲô
ӦҪʲô
һ·Ϊߵĸͷǲʵһֱ̽
̽
գ衪
˾ˣȥʿ裬ǲǾʹôһ·ؾ
ؾ
ҪĿģ
ؾ
Ŀ¶֮ɫ΢΢̾˿ڣ§˹
Ҳؾֻʲô
.
յĶѧţϲǰĴֶոҪɾЩ
¹Уһ½ž˽ɫñ׶ƵԲۣŵ׺ѥϵɫ˿С
ֻԪλϵǺɫ˿СԪŲͬ˵ĴɫԲۣұñϻһǡ
һ̸Цӳⷽ٣緢
ҲǸõˣʮ꺮ֻ˾٣ҲԶ˻ر
ʱ˾ûʲô⣬ֻԪ־ʱʱΧ½Ԫżһ˿ʡ
ѳɶ֣νˡ
͵ܣɻḰ괺ǣ
Щ½˵оǼ£һ¾ҪҪȥ괺ǡ
УȻǺãǲУЩɨˡɻԺһһΣ괺죬Ҫ꣬Ҳ˵½Ԫ⻰ڲԱߵĶ˹
ȻһЦ⣬ӦûḰ
ԣվ˲¶۵ı顣
ô˵ҪΪǴ꣬ɽԪô˵ǶǺаղŻᷢԡ
νġ⡯ܳʲô⣿˶˵ǫ黰
ҵҲ͵гԼĵԼоǿҲزУҴææϸԣɽ³
̾ûʧأʵҲûʲôã˲УŬȥԣ־壬¸ֹǰ
⻰Էһ㶣ǰδ˵
˼ûٴţʱԱ˵˿
һͻȻǰ͵˵öԣûԹ֪ԼУ֪ﲻУ
ˣЦˡ
.
ͬʱھ¹ԶһУҲ˲ˡ
ǶŹٷЩںȲ裬Щڵ˵
Խһ֣һãҲżԱȻαЩ˸ߣԺеΪ׵һڿǡ
մû
٣δǲôõġ
ٵȵȰɡ
˵ţһ۴Ҵ߽Ժеˣ˵йͲˡ
Ϻ˽ܹܽϽоˣֳ水ضѧҪ֪Էģ˼ҲҲ
۸ȥС
ˣʱ䵽ˡ
¹ɲΪ˸½أʵҲһֹʲôʱ磬ȻҲ³̡
ٲڣǶѧţȻԺеΪ
΢һµҪλȥٵȵմˡ
Ǿͺδڴ˵Ⱥˡ
ߺ󣬺е¶֮ɫȥմôû
ǡ
һһۼææ˽
ˣСȥʹˣմҹ˸ʵǳţСĸת˵¹ʹˡ
أ
ҡҡͷСľͲ֪ˣմߵ˵ġ
еδټ׷ʡ
ãһƵľ˶ΪʦҲʵڿۻ£񵹱
Ϊλôһ˵
ƿʮ࣬۳Ͷ٣͢ƵķȴǱŸɵĺò¡
Ĺǿʦһϵ
ʲôʦ
һΪĳʡһо֮ˣðΪʦΪʦҲ˲ŻĳĳԱ֮˵
ⶼպΪԼ;Ĵ¡
ͱǰ׸лᣬνλȨأ;ȡ˲Ǹֹ٣лΪѧʿʱԷҲƷ
Ʒ׸Ҳùؽһʦ
ȻлˣǧһǡǡҲ˵˹ԱܱΪٵĺô
еվ¹ñ䡣
뿪ȥϣʱ˽ˡ
ˣܴͻȻ۲ֹ˵ҪȥҴ¹Ͳμˡ
ôָۣ
еϸ룬һ˽
ˣܸͳ˵Ѳøϻȥ˲¹ˣһ
ܵҲˡⷶˣˡ
ôˣѵһԷеŭ
ܡλˣεͬ٣һǾɹġǵｨ֮󣬾˹ԺŰס˻ͬݣҪ˵һԷܳϹϵ
ǲʮˣ˽꼸ôӣеֵ
ܸͳ˴˴Ե١
漸Сۣ㣬
հհգȱãȱãȥ硣ǣȻǰȥοһȻ֪ˣʧ񡣡
.
ͬʱѧУ۵ּɡ
飬ѵǸۣ
Ͻұ죬뿪˵
˳ţϳ
򶼱λ´Ҵҵģŵòᡣ
˵˰ɣ
ܴܳˣͬʱҲǺԺ徭ʿ֮һ񲻹ǸƷĹΡ
ֹ󣬸ɵҪôǸʵۻǽ⾭ھʷĺҪôǳΪĳʡ١ǵϵģͬǿԵġ
˵ǾԼġ췶ʶ꣬ǵһμų
Ȳ˵Щ
ܴһٻػͬݣͬʱԺַָ⿴
Ǹ˽½ԪɣһӻԲۣԷݺ֮
ֻǰ̫ӽһξϴ
̫ӣǷ̫ӡ
̫û
ڽΪͬٵ֮£˾ˣ


72 
¹⣬һڹԱʮֲ졣
ܴˡˡôˣ
˵ǸۣѵǳԵʲôɾĶˣ
һ˵ɾмԱͽȻɫǶͬסͬݵģָԵķ˶һ⼸λԵɾĶѵǾף
һԱɫ𾪵ؿУһȺ½ΧŵĽԪɡ
һʱ䣬üΪ죬ð亹Ҳ鴤
ߵæôˣ
ָ
˵Ҳоۣλʧˡ˵꣬Ųæˡ
ż˶ˣɲ˲š
Ǻã
ҪȵȣȻ翪ˣͻȻۣδֳЦ˵մ˺ͺδ˲ǻû
ٵȵȡ
һеˡ
ôվ⣿
Ȼ˵½ȥָֻۣתܡ졢λͻȻ۲ֹȥ¡
е֪֮¹硣գȥ̽λΣ
á
˵һдŹ۵Ĵڡ
еһ½ǣӭ
ɺеһ˷ʥˣڹһ½Ȱʦٰݷʦ
ֻǽ˼ˣʦ˷ʦһʮλʱȴֻλ
ǻͬݵʳЩ࣬λ˽Ǹۣ޷硣¼ȨЩϸ֦ĩڣպȥ̽ǡ
һھ˽¶֮ɫ̫ͬӦˣڹԱĳʳ϶ҴʵĲá
ֻ¶ζ
գһЯȥ硣
е⿴Լߣһ·꺮ůǹģ޲¶Ľ֮ɫ
ʵе꺮ůҪҪ֪иϸ괺ǵ뷨ɹϵܲܵؾǡ
δеֻŹ£Դϲû뵽˾Ǹˡ
ʱԷԼҪϸ괺ǣЩζѧϸǣ¡
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˵һ˲ţҾƶǵǴղǮʣ
Ҫģ±ٱȻ˵еͣ½Ų˵½Ǹϸ괺ǣѧʱרǰȥһ·ϳס޷ȫ⣬ʳ޲Ӧ㹻Ǹϸһ˴ˡ
ԣһھ˽¶֮ܳɫлѧле
ⲻ֪ѧűǹѧģ͢Դ˱вǵѧ̰㣬ЩȻûˡ
Ȼ͢϶ô࣬еΪѧһȨģ·ʳ޶վҲѲʲôϷƿʡЩطѧΪ٣аͿϿġ
ǡֵҲлһѧûʲôˡ
еϲֵããã
.
ͬڶѧŻֵգλصͬݵĿٽѰ
һ治ͣ˳ȥϢһ滹ѰԼ˵Լ̣ûͬݵȥװҪװ
һɰѻͬݵŪˣʹŵæȥǲĶʲô⡣
ȴѰģ֪ĲԼһˣմ˸ֱûȥ磬ҲԸΪڣ»ʲô׵ģ
ԭ㾹͵֪ǣ
¹ǲеģô©޹أԻװ֪
Ҳ˵ӦԾ˵Ŀĥ߸˭ܱ֤м䲻⣿
ʹﲻ⣬λȳһƵľˣ²֪֪ܲǻܲ
²һ꣬󱻷ˣʱɻ׷ͷϣϾǴ￼ġ
еǺ˲ǳôһ£֪飿
֮ǰҪظԺԣټĽѵ˶ϹӲɣ
Ƕ֪ǹЩĹԱ
췶صתȦȹϵϡ
ܴ˵ûôˡ
Ҳƫ˶λ㲻û
ɡ˵¿ɸôźã
ܴ΢˼£ȥѰմøɣϾǣ
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Ȼ뵽˷ĲֹһˣסǰλȻҲڡ
˫ӣǿЦ
λܵ΢ЩԹλǺߵѸޱȣû֪һҡ
˲֪˵ʲô˿ЦǿЦ
췶ΨһֵҵģΪûλһͬݽȥˡ
˵һͬ
ΪԷҪһ˭֪ǽˡ
ȥֻһɺԵḯǷ˶ѻȴûĲˣ˳Ըʳãޱȡ
ٿϣһˣ¶֮ɫ˭
ѵ滼˸Ǽٵģ
λ˼Цˡ
մǡ
Ϲ˹֣ʵںἰἰٱϲԣȴ۳Ͷ٣ڹԺ˽һ£ЩԵĲˣ˭֪ȴ
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ΪҲװģӦǰ֪Щʲô£Զ㿪ˡ˭֪˼ҾǣԻ˶ӣǻҪҪ˵⣬˵ˣǲУ
ΪߣǱҪһ㶼Ը˶̴˵¸νû³̣ǾĬԡ
ʵѵλ˻ʲôҪĳ飿Ϊ¹磿ֻǱӣʵȥãкδڣӦûʲô󰭡
˵ߡġ⡣
ǰкеǶǻʲô
е˽ѧǱ׷Ҳ׷ִδ¹޷硣
кеѧմˣλ渹ԼװűǣֻҪ뿪֮ǰκοС
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˴ҴȥԻطװʼôۻȥմˣȻմ˸ûʲôҩ
֮󣬺еһ½̽ȱϯĿˡ
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һͷɽ壬һ춼겻ģʲôõϢ
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ŰײϣҽüõĲƽϣٰ޻һƽڲϡ
ҲҪ̫ѣ˵·ݵӼ糤㿴һ۳̣ڶôˡ
İ޷ϱ˱ȡ
εƤŮһۣ糤Ҳô˴ˣѵܿӲɣʹһҲôʡ޻Ͳһ͹Сˡ˵Ҳ˷ѣŸСĴ
ͨ˼ҶĴ£Сļľ´
ѵ˶
֮󣬴պ˹ˣѹˣù˰ѹߣ˵Ҫ
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ǴѾûӰƽʱҲѵһ̨ǴѾææ⣬ûΣ²ܣĻҲ߼Ҵ˵Ƿǡ
Ҫˣмզ죿ҹһŻûȥƹӻǻȥӵġ
ڼԹ緹ؼҴ˯˯ֻˡ
ȳ԰ȥˡ
ô
˴˶ʲô
¶һЦλ˿ڻͬݳʲôĶ˸۲ֹ޷硣
գգۣǸʲô˼
ȥ
ζû뵽㻹ƣһڹԱŵĶӣ
ЦʲôƣǶ°ˡǹٳһı׷磬²ؼ߸߹ˣܶͶ㡣
ô˵㡣λδ֪ݣֳӶҪࡣ
ҲλδǸˡ
ǽô죿ȥǣ
ȥΪβȥ


73 
ɱһȻ
ǰ컹ڴ£Ҫ£ҼһĿҲ
æũ˶Ϊٵĺ׼ҲæµţŵϽᶳ֮ǰڸҲǸԺӡ
øǵ̫ӣȦΧǽУͷӸһ㷿ӣֶӲˡ
˨꣬Ѱ˼¡
˵ȡҲֲˣǲߣڼԺƷԣѴˣѴشӱ˴񣬴ϵȵֽ
ֽԼƵģǰʹ˵Կֽ
ֽֽֽ㽭ʵϸ壬ֽɫֽ䱡ԡ
˨ȥֽͩͣȰֽͩɣɣı飬ֽٰŹˡ
˴ֽʵɫ͸ڴϣϲˡ϶˵ֵĲˣҲ磬˻ǳġ
ȷ£˨һ
ԺƷӵط϶ǲģҪӸǷӣլؾô߶ˣʹҲ˶٣ѡ˸һƬյء
ƬլظˣǸСʵûգʱˣϴθǷӵשҲʣġ
һΧǽһȥש
ڸռɹɣֳ˵ӣ˼¡ģ˵˵غש֡
գһˣڸǷӣ˵ֻؼæˡ
үʲôҲû˵ֻԼŵù
öҲ֪һ׬˲Ǯ˵Ǹϻ⣬ӣүǴǶϡ
Ƕأֻ˺Ͷӣ㻹СӺҵӡ
Ժǽܺøǣֵʱ˨Ҫ⣬˲ʱ䣬ʮͷҲѷӸǳˡ
ڼвٴôڸǷӣ˵ǸʲôǽĽ졣
ԴǸСŮԽԽˡ
ţֳ˾ˡ
ĽҲûãҲۺ죬֮ǰ̫үԵҴŻĿ˵˼ҼﻹиүǿٵģҲû˸ð౳˵Ựˡ
ߵ꣬˨ӸϽؼȥ¸ǼݣǰǰľʰˣȹôֶӲˡ
ΣǰһҪܣϾⶫױѧȥ
ֶӲˣүʹġ
Ʒб֤˶μǷҴ˻æǮҪһ֡
֮ǰǷӣʱү˵ҹǮүӲܣҲûĴǰգæġ
ôҴҴż˻ȥˡ
ȥ·ϣɷ˵ƣ֮ǰ㻹Ը
ǲԸⲻũȥҵǮҲû˵ְæ֮ǰҲҲˣǮæϱ͵
ҵ˰ﲻ˵ˣֻҪ۶ã϶ǵۡǸѾͷģ֮ǰ˼Ҹݣǻľæүӿɲ˼Ѿͷ˵һ
˵ţ̾Ժɾĵɣ㿴೨λСӴϣүҲû˵ɶֵܣҶ˵
˵ǡ
˻ȥǾԼҺԺŪּˣǵ²׼ֵᡣۺ׬ǮʱɺȢϱ
ģǣȢϱҿ϶Ϳ
.
˨ȻҴֶӲˣȻû
Ӳһؼиɱﵡ
ڿƳϷʱ˨˵ҲûţΪѣĥڼĢĥÿˣҵԭ
û¾ɽȥڵȫǸ컹ԺǼտˮ
м˲˼ĥˣǳԵĲˣΪɽժģʵ˨Լġ
Щ顣
һõе׼źڼҹµӡڼûٳȥͬǽʣҲ·
һһ䣬æȻ졣
ֽսţ˿ļֳԷֳһӲ˵ʱ˳ԡ
ʵţʹ󽴣û
ʼ֪ҵģѧ֪֮ǰعԺĶ󣬾ζܺãϧȴûط
ΪˣŴȥ֮ǰһŪ˳ˣһٰսܻܲû취ά֡
ǵģһȥǡ
ȥġ
˨Ǿó;棬ȥϿҲͼ£αԼȥٰѸһϡ
ֻү֪Ϊˡ
벻ȥǷӶԸǺˣ֮鶯֮
֮˵ˡ
ԴƾүӴδκһү˵ҲҪȥˡ
ˣ
ˡ
үӵͷҲãȥҲУҸһȥ
û˵˵ˡ
үһ͸ȥ
ү̹͵Էһ
Էһʲô
ߵĶû֪֪ȴΪΣ
ʲô
δ֪̫ˣԸŲҪȥүҪȥ
ү
˵ˡڼҶлæûæȥиһҲܰ
⻰˵¶֮ɫѸ˵õ˵ˡ
үߺŸε㡣
ˣ޶ˣ˵ʲô۲۵ģȻûȥ˿϶ˣٻҲ롣
.
үȥѾҲȰˡ
˵ҲҪȥȥˣ˵æϳӻүӾͬˡ
һ˴˸˫̤ȥǵ·
Ȼ˵ߵģ֮ǰѧǶ㶨ʱա
ڶ£ǹߣ껹ڸ·δ̫Ǳ㶨ʮµ׳·һ£Ǹպǹ꣬׼á
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νԵøϢ기ǲˣ½ľӴ϶Ҫȥ
Ҳǣ·ϰͳסʮӡȥ˿ϣȥһ˿۽Ҳá
˶̬Ҳշǵ׳мϲ
׳۵ĸ棬еϲ
־Ҳƹ㣬Ҳ͵ؾʦˡ
ڴˣǵĺϢ

Ա߳ĸЦˡ
֮ǰ˵λδǸˣڿǡ
һг뿪˽ǡ
˷֣Ρĳ¥վˣĿһг뿪
ˣ
˵𣿡
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ûؿ˶Էһۣزˣ
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᲻زãز÷βãһʼ֪ʲô˼ššĥšϰ£ҹ¡
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.
Ա˳ѧŵĳͶһÿ˵
Ҫ˸
˵򣬵үһ˾ϳЪϢżҲȥ
縺ŴǵΣ̫ۣ˶ڳ￴顣
һ·ϼƿɳ¡
ߵǴ·;վ̣ţżҲվǲ̣֮ǰŵ˿ɶˡ
⣬Ϊ֮ǰǳʱû·ʹ֪֮·һߵġ
Ϊ·̫ʵ޵ģΪʶԭ˺ͣзͬѰ塣
ߣٵĿߣ̿ߣ˲ߡ
ʱˣͲˡ
º°Ѵɴ;棬·ϻ˭֪Ӧá
һ·ϳ˯˯棬˾͸ѽѽ˵
ڴɰˣ·ݵĺǼ糤һһüˣʼԼģԽԽ
ү˵⺢ԺǸϢģôôʵԺ϶
Դˣʮͬ
ô߰ߣ¶ʮգһ˾ǡ


74 
ǵķǽǲܱȵġ
ŴǣظʿӷþǶ˼ֿҪζ
һʵЩˣʿǸϿǽ粻·ϳʲô˴ǣҲ˵ǵʱջѾҲô˵Ŀͷ
ҿедãͰһլΪǵ֮أ̫࣬լӲסʮӵһһ䷿ֲ
Ȼǣ϶ҪһĻ飬ôɲСɳէֻţطǡ
һҲôģֻｫһڶҵطˡ
ʱջ϶ǲҵģ⿴ܲȥһסҪס£ݱסջҪ㡣
ھǵоүӿɱ͸Ϥˣȥһбҵ˺ʵķӡ
Ͳпڸһжͬĵط
طɴһʮֵλãǲпڣпڣд֣˴ͬڸ
ͦõģŶԺһĺԺȡ
ĻҲֹһˣ뵽סջӾס˱ҪһЩһ¶ӣްĻʮ
һʲȫģסȥ˿ӵĻҲһϼҴڣ޷ӣƾǿ
ҪôһһµޣҪôǰޡ
ѸⷿӽΣߵļǮ¸¿ܾҪŲطϾʱøϴǡ
£ڶ£Բһ£ǵȷŰĻ²һǱֱްꡣ
ʮӣӸ˸飬ⷿˡ
֮ʰɨӡ
Ҳб죬ָ̫࣬үȥޱ棬ҲҪ򣬴ڷˡ
æһ죬Ъˡ
˯ʱڸ˵ҪʲôЩʲô˯
¼ղϸ˵
󲻹סȥ֮˴к˵޷Ӿס㶯⣬Լϵһͬݣ󵹵ºеŵֻʣ˼˲ᡣ
ȻðֽддּǰҵĴֶдģֻʽ˵Ҳˡ
æһæ͵˳Ϧҹ׼رʢĴһСԱ㣬ꡣ
ǵĳϦҹȺɽĳϦҹֶˣһϱûͣ˷̻
˴ȥͷд˴СŸС̻ģҲȥһЩ档
̻ǶԼ˽Ǯ֮ǰڹԺ̯˵øǮʵϻǷʮ˵Ҳ˻㻨á
ʮֲмǰˣܵͷһλ
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һȼ㣬ͷȥߣߵȼð̻ڵתȦҴܣһȺСӶ֨ҽУŻЦ
һ·ݵӶڣɵǲ£ﻳＤػ˫֣һ߸Ÿ¸´Ц
ѽˣҲҪȥһ
İѶĻȹڹȥˡ
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Сһ߰ݸһߵҵ˽Ǯġ
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ҪٵһɣǸСֶɣ˵ҪһС岻ôС档
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ֻذѻͲڷڵϣΪûںãͲˣְźãŴȥ档
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ЦУЦҲЦʱʱܻῴʹķҲ֪ĸˣ
.
о꣬˹
һʼϾʮַ֣ǳ
һĶĲĳ£߳˻£ųʮ¡£춼ᡣ
ȻǾϰֵʱʲôư衢ñЬࡢ񡢹ֻ㣬ԵĺȵģӦоС
⼸츣ˣҲûõĶȥ
̾Сھǣһ֪ôġ
ɾͱضˣҪôһණ඼ǸһЩС⣬ҪôһԱӡ
żЩΣҪǣȴ棬ŵȹ˳ʮͲˡ
ɳʮԺеУԪڿǴҪĽ֮һꡣʮӣȴǰϣ˵ԪڵֿɲǰЩܱȵġ
ȹʮٿ飬Щ죬ٿ֮ǰС
У
ͷС
Ǹͷˣ޲ðǶһ顣
գȥĲЩīֽ⣬÷ϳᣬȥˣŴ濴С̯ϵķݺͷ糵
ԶƤҩؿʯȥˡ
رϲɫķ糵ÿοѷ糵תҪҲˣǮһÿҪͻһ
Ҫʲôɫģģģ
̯Ůϡ棬µӶɶɷ¸˵
һɵĴ۾͸ת˸ʵģúɰǮһ֡
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ƽʱӶĺɰǸ裬涥żǮ飬û뵽˺ɰԼˡ
˳϶Է֣һקһת
ʲô
ԷǸòͦ׳ʵһӡ
Ҳôˣ
⺺û뵽һСǣﱧźӣô˵ܱߵ˶˹Щ߳ŭ֣
׳ȴ͵ӣ֪бûȥãûûȥ͵Źٸץ㡣
󲻷ţ۵õ
ּΧԽԽ࣬մӻͳһذףвŲ֣
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˵ţϥһײײڱסֻ첲ϣŶԷۣһŴڶԷؿڣ߳һɶԶ
˾У˵ϣʶ˭ؿһۣ߳һѪ˻ǿǿˡ
źӣҲȥ׷ֻ֮
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̯һˣŸӣСˣߡ˵ģٲߣȻʹһȺˡ
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㲻ߣϺҲˣȻȻϺ̯Ҳñҡ˵ţϺͰ̯ʰʰųˡ


75 
Ϻǲ졣
ͷûȥȥֵҴܹôˣղ˵һӵĸ˸˴ˣ
͵ӡ
ôңزūƽʱң㣬˶֣СĳԿ
ܳʲô
ǸŮģʵһ˻
ţ
˵Լͷţġ
ͷţߣȥ硭
ʱԶͻȻһʮźɫֵ̺ĺڵ˹
űܵǸӣм䣬Ϊ׵ĺָŸ
ôСƤ㶼ܳԿ
Ϊ׵ĺ֣Ÿͷ⣬׶
磬Сܴ󣬿϶ա
վʲô
е㺩һҲġ
𿪣
һ˭֪ûƶǸлĵСԶ㣬鷳㻹ҵ
ǸƢԸǲɲԼͷʺ򣬵˴
Ͼ˫ȭѵ֣ҲûԷܴӻذѵʲôġ
ټϵƦåܣɲʲôԶʤ٣һʱʮΧסˡ
ִ˼ˣΧ
ϸŷСƤûС˲̫ãźӸļ㻢磿
ⶼʲôʲô
û뵽ԼһᱻǿŮ
ɲĸԣԱɡ̯ϵһɡ
Ʀ׳Ц磬СƤȻǶ֡
°ͣһֵСƤʶʶǵ
ۼΧɡͻȻɡס
Ҳ֪ʲôʱˡ
㱧ŴԱվվ
䣬Ҳ֪һԿ˶ãֻǶԷľ仰ŭ
ʶġһաʲôˣһͨҴöˣҴƼ˧
Ѵɸģһͨม
򶷾ڴɰнˣӵɡ
ˡ
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Ҳŷôá
ǿ佱Ļ˴ƤϽе㷺졣
ִյߵһ䣺ÿ
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ºˣҲˡ
һ˵ʲô
һΧ۵̯˵ССӣǿߣˣǡ
û䣬˵죬㵽Աȥˡ
ٿһӴǱ˾ѵıΪһڸͷϣԱŵǷܵǸ
ǴСģ˴ģ˴ģϵģ
.
ΪǱ˾ĸָ֮һѲֵĻǲɡ
ÿ³һʮ壬ֵʱ򣬸Ƽ˶С̯Ҳ࣬ЩӣÿʱǶûŴѲ֡
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֪ǸƦƦʮִȤƽʱȾӹ˴ͬǷ߱ϹϾҲԸöԷ̼Լơ
ѫҵӵܣоֲԼֻһЩвͨǰҫһϲ²ŵصӵܡ
һʱҲЩŭ˭˲Լӣ˭֪Լˣ
үԼˣҲҵԼˣֱӳ嵽˵ǰݺݵطŻӣ㵹ùˣ
кЩץˡ
죬ץ
ɱǱ˾ˣɲˣҪһߣһָʹ
˭֪ȴָʹĿɿڴһ۾ģ
΢΢ۣԶڴϵ
ʶһֻʱͻȻʶһ¡λѾ֮ǰǸվһڻ֮䣬ŵĴˡҲǸվΧΧֻмѫӵܡ
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Դ»ʵǻλţ˶²λӦˣ»ʲܷŹôһвԼλˡ
ɻʺ󻹺ĵŻʺƾԼӱɱ
Σλ΢͵˶ȻҲܶġ
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æȥҲ˵Ͳֻʼˡ
һȺǱ˾ıŪɶͷԡ
ָʹˣȻҲҪߣһˣ㶵վ˼ϢæҲˡ
νҪùôˣ
ǲʶ㣿
ȷƽҵ
ʲôк㶼֪˭Ͱˣ
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ΪһʣΧΧ۵˶￴Ҳ˲ö˵æ˿
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ǿˣҪȥǵġ
Դ˾ǺһֱûţȻУеõġ
񲻹ܸϴ֮أ֮ǰǰͷ¶棬Ҳý֦˭֪Ļˡ
Ҳ֪֦ˣü
ڴ˴򣺡ܳȥʱҲûǵòҪ֦
Ȼ˷󣬸ЩζҲˣھǿܻˡ
֪Ҳ˾ǡ
˵ô˵ʱүżЩˣƽʱ˶ǲŵġ
ҲԪգһĵй˹䣬֮ǰ̫ʱҲûʲô£Թһͻȥˡ
ͬʱǱҲյھпϢ
˵Ҳɣȥ˼죬ûסһκȾʱ˵˿̫ӵ¡
飬ֻ˵ˣû˵ô£»ѫӵܵȦﴫ֪ôʹҶصСԽ
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֪Ȼ֪䡣
Ҳɣ˿ּү˽ѰѰô˸סλá
Ѱ˼ôǱذ׵
һʮֲ۵ĺɫͣ˸סĴ⡣


76 
ڳţȥˡ
վŸɫ۵ߣʹԼʮңȻż򵥣óѰˡ
߻վŸˡ
󿴣һûκװκɫƽ
ǣ
ڴˣ
ģ
Ѱ˼ô˵ˡ
زū˭ţ
һ˽
ӵؿһ޲ۣﻹŸ¶֪µӤ
ˣæΧȹϲ˲ҪѴɽӹ
ϴžû
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ȸݲľĳ桪
֪Ķˣ⹫һȦϣһұߣɫ࣬Ȼ֪µϥ󿴿ҿˣ¶һ޳ݴЦȸԾص¡
ﱧòã˵
θɣûоܾΪԼˡ
ȸŴȥڰˡ
䣬ҲȢһŮӣסֵط
ü˼֣棬һŮӣǸùȢҵ¡
䲻֪Ϊ˵ˣǲʶȤˣȻ˵ʶȤĻ˵ǱȻô˵
ת˻⡣
˻ؾ
֪ȥݲڼ䣬ʵʲôҲû˵ֻؿ
ֳĬӼȸԾüҲţֱ˼֣һ֡
ʹüֻۣǻˡ
ѱţ͸ʱؼЩҲôŭˡ»ʡ
һ֪˵⻰㲻ɸ£òͷ²˸ߵ»Ƥӵײ֪ܲؾˣˡָΣ
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ˣҲóǣһȴΪ
Ǳ߲֪Σֵĸ󣬲Ż
ǽϺ»ʵˣμﲻҲ޷ϵ»ʼȻûɱ㣬ȻûҪͼ֮ĸڹúܺá
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ģǽһŶԷݣȥ
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ĥ󣬽о֮˵īӡԹĥڻ֮ǰһڶ³һȷӦʿѵǣҲǷֹ׼ð
˵һؿ˭Ҳ֪񲿸ԵĹԱϲʶϳֻôãֻܰղһ
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ʱ䲢ҲһʱӹԺ˳
ô
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Ȼôˣ
˭ܻش˭ܽ
˭⣬˭Ҳ⣬ֻһ顣
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ʣµĻԽδ˵˶֪
ϹڼЦԼʧ̬Ȼ֪Խ֮ǰǰ̫ӵ̫»λ󣬲δôˣѹԼͷϣúõڸĴѧʿ
ʱ˶˲ȥԽΪԷ˵û¾͸ѹڽһ֪֪ԽٲԽôá
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ǸľԴ̫汨Ĵ֪ˣǹܻǲܣܲܶΪѡ
µԼϣϹ˼·Ĺ޹ء
˶Ҵȥá
ߺԽ̾˿
Ҳֻܰ㵽ˡ


77 
˶û֪Խ࣬©ļҲԽ
һ񲿹Աװʱ뿪
ȥ賽͸У
ѵû˵
̾˿û˵˴ϻۣ᲻ҵ˼
Ȼ˼ΪλҪȥԣôӽģЩԱϹӲɣ
ͬ賽֮µļǳࡣ
δʶĹԱ࣬˵ֵطˡĵطԱʶˣҲΪ˷ֹףڿǰǲ뿼Ӵģ֮ǰһ·˲죬Ψԡ
ӵ֮¹磬оȥˣ˵ֲܷˡΨһн͵ľǣЩԱʱѾˣΪ˲ʹԼ̯鷳ֻװʶⶪ
ò˵µò˵ʮɣҲа˳ɡ
ǶϺأӰ͵Ͳ±Ǩŭ
ʲô϶Ȼʱ͸ؽɱһ۸ӣϵۣ»ʣûӰʲôǸϺ꣬ô£ѵͷۣһֻ۱һֻۣߣͷβ޹ء
յô˵ֻӲˣ
վⲽ
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˶ౡңϵҲջû˱ԣ̫ӡ
˵˶٣֮Ǹ쵮һãӣȻΪرȵʱλˣҲˡֻί˸ҲֻίһˣԺлٲ
Ȼˣȥ˵賽վ
̾˿˰֡
ȥɣ˾ˣúø˵⺢ӾǿҲ֪ʲôʱܾǿʲôʱܾǿ
.
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Ϊ֮ǰڣθҲû֮ǰôʶȤˣͱŴһԼװǸµĸˣ˾˸˵
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ʵ̲סˣʲôȡ裿ƾԼ¿ôȡˣ
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⻰˵̫ˣЩ棬û˵ġ
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αϴθо飬׼һ㶼£ǿûлȥԺǰ̯ˣȻܴ׬һʡ
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ûڿûʲô¡
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ʵ˵Ҳԣƾٹϵ͢𢣬Ը֮أĿû˸ڻʱŪʲô۶ӣȻִǾͲ۶ӣˡ
ʮһʮĿȵ꣬ǵȻԷŰˡ


78 
˳칱ԺλڳŸ
ʷƾõĹԺǰǾǻԵ֮أͬʱҲ˳츮ԵĿڽϽǽԫʣȻǵطԺġ
ʱԺ⣬һ̬֮ܰԺڣſǵ𽥽ܹĵæµš
¼ܾٺַٸհһī¼ĹԱ
¼Ҳмٹ˫ǲ̸ܽģ¼ڽӵīҪ˶Ժţ˶ϺҪѺܾٴߣǿʼ¼
¼ʱ¼ĹԱߣҪȷ¼ÿһֶǶԵģǿдˣҲҪձܳϡ
ܳ꣬¼ٻͶԾٶԾ
ȷ϶Ծ͵ƾбţ֮ǽī棬Уɸٽľ
˴¿ƻԣ͢һɳܲù٣ʮ١
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ÿһλԶвٿǧϸǣȴڻԵл©ڿٵ϶û㱻ʵźѡ
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һʮģʱ䣬ǲ׼ġ
֮Ƕľκβ֮׼ϳġ
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һȥ
ʱһ˵񲿣ʹ֪֮񲿣˳츮š
Űǰæģ鲻æЩ£˳츮͹˳츮Եķ·ԺԵķҲ˳츮ŵġ
ٸ˳츮ãһ˵ʱѾʿڴˣǵŷģҲǵ˽һʱֵǡ
ȱٰѵܾٷĶӦƱŸ֪ۣҿ۽˺һӡ
˴Űʱ䣬ٶȳ¶һ˿֮ɫһ˸
࣬úʴش˸
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ʱϽʱĿκ⣬ٰܾطӦľƱպĿ
ԼûеǺԭʹ


79 
ֽͲоݿһһī
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ܿһ飬ɵĵط˼ҲȦˣȷʵ˼ɻ䣬Ҽɻ䲻СǷˡΪ߻䡯
ͨ׵Ļīƽʱдʱû˹дʲôôдƾ٣Ҫܻˡ
νܻ䣬ʱֱʥԼʵۼ䡣Щܻ䣬Ӹͬ涨Ҳͬﲻϸ˵
ȴֱ˵ʵ۵䣬ֲûľľֱʵ˿֮
ȴ֪ԼִܷĿǿϽʿСһֵͼֶйԼĲԹޡ
ٿī֣Ҳд£бܻ۱˻۵䡣
Ͽ֪˹Լ֪Ѷˡ
.
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֣ܷµһģһ˶ϲһ㡣
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ȥȻ˵ͷ
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ľٶֽŵĻҪôͨ٣ҲһܳɹΪΪ˷ֹף͢ˡʰĹءӷĿܲùٶҪһ飬Էٲϸ©Ͳš
ǣ֮࣬ǣֻ֮Ϊ뿪ǣʵòŶ˴ĸɸ꣬һܳɹ¶Ļٲ
Ŀڵٵ֮ǰȷʵһ͵·
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ʵҲûа취һԼĿ˶۸ģǰ֤ݣ֤ȷʵ˴۸ģ񲿲Ż˺˲顣
Ҫʲô֤ݣԷȻ۸Ŀԭ϶ٵˣָּһģһ
ʮֿյһ˵һ߻취
үӳּܷµȫƣ֪ÿдϰ߲һʹΣҲ²񣬼ʹߣҲһܷ±ʷ棬һϰߡʲôдʱϰߣһңҳԷ©ǰ֤Ӧá
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һֱү򵥣ӡ֤һΣͨڵˣɲ֪Щ
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ƶΣλãӦܵ͵͵͵ģĿ鷳
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Ȼ棬Ҳûھȥ
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ʮУʵд붼ûʵʣµĹ׺ãдò˿ȥ˵ѡ
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86 
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һ¿ƽʿʹ֮С
֮ǰԲͬһγ͢Ƹ
ٹۣݹλĲֱͬж̫͵ǰĹ㳡ϣԼ̨뵤ࡣ
ɫչ̫кڹ㳡࣬һеһ޲ʾŻȨϡ
֮ϣһɫ۵ĹԱ̫͵ʰ񣬽ڵǰĻưϡ
Źһ¹Աǰƣ˻ʵۣԻ¶ʮˣ¹ʿһ״ͽʿڣڶ״ͽʿ״ͬʿ
½ʿڹ㳡֮ϣš
Եһ׵һ
̫͵λñ͸ߣ⺺ɵ̨㣬¹Ավڵ֮ϵ̨ϣҪ봫ֻܿһ
Ǳ㷢澰
Եһ׵һ
һ׵һ
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ڲŷԼûϴֻ塭ƺʲôȤζ


87 
嵽ڸʲôһһҸտ÷ӣ˷˺þõļۣͻȻ˵ˡ
죬Թ
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88 
˵ˣҵǶˡ
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ڸϷЩֲʲôʲôٵͨʵүة״Ԫˡ
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ҲʶΪ֮ѣҲʶӵҪԣµ˵طһҪ²Ǳģ׬ӡ


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90 
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һǴӺڽǨģһǴӺǨҲһǴӾｭԼĶ塢Ӷȣ⻹ֻǺڽϡ
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91 
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92 
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ȻҪϷҪȫףĹ٣ᣬǾ˳ë˳ˣˣ¾ͺðˡ
ëѾöûˣԼһܰ컹˺ü飬òˣվ
׼̤ţͻȻĸײײܽײ
ʲôôŻţ
ܹܲˡ
ëϲ˽ˣϲ˽ܹܣƽʱôġ
ʲôˣһϵģ޲ëû
Ǹʹʹ
ʹôˣ
Ȼһ磬׽ˣסܹܸ˵·˽ӣ¹ΣЩ˿
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.
ڳǵĹʵëƽġ
ǰúլĸ֡
ʱŵĴǰˡ
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Щ˻زɣʱͨգһաؼǹٸҲΪںڳ׳˴һǣǴԻǲɲΣҪС
ʱεİʹˣ׽ôˣ˵Ҫ󰸣Χ۵İնֳƿ졣
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˼ëܹƽʱ磬ЩͬİʹˣҲ˰ͲֻڰͷëܹܸϽù
Ҳ˴ˣԶԶվȺ⿴š
˴ֻٹᣬܴ΢۵ˣܿǰӳ贫°ʹϢ̬
λεİʹץôţǴˮԼ͵Լˣ
̬֮˵ĿⶼۼڽյŴϡ
˲һ̶ӵʱ䣬ۼԽԽ࣬ʱͻȻ򿪣Ҵ߳һĸӡ
ɽǰһȵ֪ˣǵرٳôĹϹٵҲӭһȥ˶رٵ
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һʱ䣬ëֻ亹ֱð
ڳǵľ¹룬ѾΪˣˣıҲ̱亹ʪ
ôģںڳطʵ۵ˣŻԼεİʹ
ٴһѹˣƾʲôһССرһصİʹ
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һжʮ䣬Ǳδ󺺣ƿɰëĸ¸ˡ
ּܹҲŵòȺ˴УϷİǣһѷضӿⲻŴš

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Ҳֻ۸ЩСˣͨգ΢еģΪȨףҲǡ
ʱټĹãֻϵĻҳɽĨȥˡ
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δǵʱЩѺưڽܰնЩ˵״ʱﲢһá
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һģֵ޷ձٺ޾լЪϢûסһʲôġ
⻰˵ô˵
ëѰ˼ţȻһŮˣë˴ȥЪϢɣ̸񣿡
ëŷֹϾվŸźӵŮӣ֮ǰҲûע⣬ӦվڷΧ۵Щ
λǷ˰ɣæ
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⡪
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ëεҲ¹ٲ֪˺ʱᵽǨլһֱΪµˣ¹ٵļҾ춼סںլ
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һȥСԺЪϢëҴȥǨլˡ
˷źְŹϡ
ˣ㿴Ϊķݵúòã


93 
ǵģһ׶ݵġ
ǰݺõġ
˷ֳװǻƣרԼ顣
ݣɽҲæ
˸ƶµݣⷨǸģٻĸ˲᣿
ĸĻѡġ
ûбȶϺӸʺĻƤˡ
ü°ʹͷ˳ȥֻλëܹŲ𣬽ܰ¡
ЩźͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
֪ѹԼһͷĲ֮ȼˣѰʲôǵĹ뷿Ȥ׽ɷΪëǰϷŽ˺ü
˹ǵˣûס԰ڣŻ˵⻰
ǲ˷ӶԸ
ģƾԼɫĹۻô£չչ䣬ֱͦꡣ
СֺȻżգҵض
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Ƴɫһۣæ׿û׵Ĵɡ
ȱŸˣһǳȥ˵ëķҲǸѲĽɫʲôĹ̡ЪϢȻȥݷλܹܷˣȰ˸Ūˣٳʲô۶ӡ
.
ʵϸµû
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Īպ޵˺Ƥ˺ƤҾͲžǶʮˣڳǷˣһȥϵǲ硭
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ĪҲ治ֻ֪ģһٱɷ򷴲ʵѵҪߣסĶ
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ǵģסլӣʵë֮ǰԼ׼ġ
˾˵ֵ˵СҲСΪŲ£ԥԥҲ˲ٰš
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治ϡ棬׺ƤںڳǾ͸ϡˡ
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δֳЦЦ˿ˣⲻǶ飬顣ûһ仰鲻綫飬鲻飬Ҷ׹ɫԲȵӣҲֻϵС
΢΢̾һڣʵڹѾʱˣﶼϲɫȸõ飬ʺһϵĶ׹İ֮ҵԶǶԡ
ЦʮֺһλĺڻƽʱĪֻþñðס
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˭뵽ƽʱ䱦᲻ôĶ׹ڶԷﱻģ
룬Ҳɷ˵öǶԵģЩʱǲãǴȫ׼˵
֮󸣶ĪһʺĪҲܹɵһһˣԵøѱ
һԳ걻ĪƢĥýп಻Ůǣ׷ײ첻ѡëˣñڵ
֮󸣶ˣĪʰľٶ쳣Ѹ١
ϣټëߣҲڰ֮ǰǱǨ˹
ΪʾãҲסëҾûߣּƺûŮŮá
󱻸ֻǰͷ󷽻ŮҪΪɾˡ
ëǾ֮ǰûӵڹº֣ȻĿ֮½˹ȴͷûˣʱֻԼһɱ͢ٵܲ


94 
ëߺ󣬸ýһ˰ÿ䶼鿴Ѳһ飬ȷûˣŰ
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ҲǸϲ˷̣֮ǰݣסںɽ壬Ȼʺøʲôġ
ʼҲߣԴӱȦڳейʣ͸СϲһҲ֪Ķȥˡ
ɲǾʹԼԼϴ¿ʼ·ѧ¯Ͳ棬ٵȥ˺ɽ壬˴ɡ
ĸԸŸɻҹ˼ҲҪЪϢʱӰҹֻܽˡ
Ǿʹҹɻ򲼿ʼڰСӶһˣҲܴúܺá
ҲͲҪ˷ˡ
ԴСϲӺͳ誶ˡ
ǰܾóĸߣֻĸģĸСϲҲǸ紵ߵĹūţڴԶڼ֮صĺڳǣǸ⻳ˡ
򼸸˻ǣֻǾںڳ򡣡
Ҳôģּ¶֮ɫôˡ
Ҳ誺Сϲӵ˵ˡ
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˵˵ȥҪԼԼİײС
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м֮Ա
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95 
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96 
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97 
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ȻЩԻ඼ܲסôһһȥ˴֪ԭµİʹ˴ںڳһۡ
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ʹ඼ǰɽһͬĹǣԼʹȥĳҲãֻԸһȥԡ
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98 
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101 
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105 
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Сһʵ̫ɰˣÿοС飬;ô۶
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106 
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ﲻ˵˭˲֪Թԣֻǻû˺ĵزһֱ̰ˡ
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үʧЦϹ˵ʲôȥˣλϵ˶˺ü˭ǵ㡣
ֵ㣬˵˵˵Ͳ˵Ҳʲô
һʱ˵˰ɡ
үӳ̵ססСӿ϶ҲܲµСҲƽʱǰɣʵúܡ
ô̲סˣΪ
үӵ٩ǰɡǸˣֲԵûӡ
ҡ
Ҳ֪˼㣿
ү˵㣬һˡҪߣͻȻͣ˽ŲүҪѧǹ
ѧʲô
㲻˵ҼҴѧܶҵͶûѧ˵ǸϣۼҲ˵Ŵ㣬ѧͶϴ𣿡
үӻ̾Ϣ
ּŮһ㶼ǫġʲáЩʧЦ
ǰүе㷢£ⲻǸСӡ
Сָ
һֲ
ԼҪ̰ڵ䣬ɳɶģеɡ
ҪȽпҾѧѧҪûѧɣԺզҲУҶСӣһС
үӼԽ˵Խ񻰣ߡ
ϽȥɣԺ˵
Ժ˵үλȸռţǴʦ㣬СֻСʦܡ
үæŸˡ
.
Ŵɻȥˡ
û˯дʲô
ȥҪȥүû㰭£
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үŲҰء
СѾߴˮ˯ɵĴϴϴССְСѾ˲ĺˣ
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ƽʱ϶Ҫһϴһ߸˵յãСѾߴˮ˵ͷˡ
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ɽ˱Ѻ󣬱һ˵˼仰ֻܿ˯
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Ҳûȫ˵ǣֻ˵˼֮ʲôģǰɶ£һֶûᡣ
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˯գʧЦ¡
϶ԼȻӦòʲô£ӦǺүӵйء
Ǹͣ򵥣ǶҺˡ


108 
ȥʼˣǶҹ
˵ûУǼżҳ¼ҵ˶йȥˣ֪ľٶ˼С
򶨣ӵľͲˡ
Բ˵᲻Ѿ֪ˮںڳǹ£ǲǸˮ鷳
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⻰Ҳõŵֱ˵ô˵ˣָү̫ͻϾȥүҪȥˡ
ȷʵЩûȫˣҲá
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.
ʱ´ѩˡ
ڳǵĴѩͽĴѩⲻһǵأ飬Ҳһ򣬸ؿŵϵѩֺ˼֡
ѩŽ֮ǰԼ˵ջһƻᵽǲᵽˣôѩѩɽˣҲͲ
ôţȥɽ˵ľҪÿܲǰ注ûˡ
ɽ˳ͰѶӲ˵˵ˡ
⼸Ӵ˶ӲˣµҲ˺ڳ˵۷׷ס
۵Ŀ˶࣬ȴ١
Ģúܺãÿܺܿ챻⣬򲻵Թ
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ɽĽͣô¡
ڳطڵشϺټϸ٣ʳֵ٣˾͸ˡ
һգԺڳ˵ºܲǺǴԵĶˡҰ˸ɣҪ͸ʳΪ
ȷʵȱ˳ԣӲⶫԺڳ˵Щݳˡ
ڳǲͬڽǮĸ٣ռ˴˻ȥˣԸȥ
Ͼ˲ԷԲ˲
ĢúãΪĢñˣһﲻʮģⶫˮ飬ֲռʮľһȥˡ
ЩӲ˾ͲһˣҪϣƽȥ
ǵ˵£˿ǵذǷܳܶӲ˵ĸ߼ۡ
һЩģǼǮĸ򣬵ıϾޡ
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ڶӲͶ룬Ͼ̿һ쵽Ųͣʹڳǵʯ̿ˣҲҪķѲӡ
ⶫһҪϸʱҪժժϣժҪԵȻͻỵˡ
Ģ˵ֲַֺá
΢˼µȻĢúã֣ҵĶĢЩӲˣţÿ첻Ҫô࣬һЩȥԼԡ
ôĲˣԼԣɽЩɵ
ʧЦΪûУСķѵĲһЩ̿ˡôɣܲΪտʼЧͰͣˣ£Ժʲô¶ɡ
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ԴѾ̽ɽ㵱Լһ㾡ľÿʱһھһѩȥˡ
ЩҲӲòöϻ𣬲Ż˿ο͸ⷨӣС
͵ˣϾµһףûġ
ټҹ󣬵ڸȴʲô
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⣬ǵӲУֻһʱἱ롣
.
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вڸѩҪһ··ŷ㡣
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ΪСټС˴磬ʱûϳŮˣûߣһֱЩ
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ѩ̵ļһ֣Щץѩӣѩ̫ɢʱɵоɢˣϸۡ
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б
촩һ׺ëĴ춷񣬴ʱЦЦ
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ⳡ棬ʧЦү򿴵ҡͷѡ
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ָĻҲżˣӲŰ˼£ѩ
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ڽ
үӹЦ
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ѧȡͷϺñӣһЦһڰû뵽ϵⶫҲҿⶫȻǿɵ⡣


109 
ȥ󣬸֪ô¡
ԭԴүߺ̾Ϳʼ
ҲԲ㣬Ҳ˯ãû˾һȦ
ôȰûã̾ʼ˻˵˵үӵϼҿǺڳǵģͷ˾Ͳȥˡ
ͬ꣬ţ󻨾ɵҲ֪ͷӲѰˣʱʱܵòͨˣҲͨѣ˵ǿ塣
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һʼʮţ󻨣ﻹһҲýƸȢŵġ
Ͳ˶ӣѰ˼˲ںѵںԼ֣
ôҲ֤ʱģͷӳЩҪȥڡһˣҲǱ߼ﻹһ
ȻЩţ󻨿϶Ա˵ġ
ͷӳԶţֻҪͷһң
ȥҸ֪ϱˣҪֵġ
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ӵ˨ʹ֪ں֣
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һ̫̫˨ܷһ˳ţôԶ·
һӶټ޵㶼ˣɴ˨һˣѧΪԶ࣬ŷġ
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˾ͱǵʱçˣʱһ˼Ÿ·ˮ
ҲΪţ󻨼֣˵ˮ·߲ˣǾߺ·ѩ˾ߣħƵģ˭ֲ
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ʱˮѾʮֽʵ䲻ۣгҲʱİ磬ڵֽй
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ֻҪǹСûСʱûģ·⻹ǵһΡٵ˵Ҳ㿪۽硣
ʱǵĹһʮ󹷣ְ໻ܣؼǸ·죬һʱ䶼ûõ㵽ǡ
첻ѣΪʱӰ㵽Ҳյʱ䣬⹷ȴ죿
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Ҳס˵Ҫһȥְɽϡ
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һʼҲû£ֱ˵ټȫǵ˸ֲˡ


110 
롪
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ⶴӲ⣬㲻Ǯˣ
ʲô⣬Ҳʰ۰ˡֻⷨҪ࿴ϸĥĥȻΪĶӲˣ˼ԼĥġҪ˵⣬ҵȷʵ˲٣ǴֽĢҵĥġ
ҴֶӲˣҾͲǮˡ֣գ˵ī˵ȥиء˼ǶɲͬǺڳǣʳֵö࣬ҲǮ·̸ţʱ䣬ӲҲǡǡǶ죬ֶΪ
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һҲնӵӣԵƣͬͬյǿ
ʵҲֹԲɲβ⼸Ϊ·ӣ·Ӷռˡ
򵥵ıȷĳȺĳҵһǮ·ӣͬͬ壬ͬմͬգչӪһյ¢ϡ
ˣͻ⵽ͬһյĹ޷ά֣ö֮ݱ
òװʹԸŴ¸ԸԼ׬ǮķóЩˣׯＴʹҲԸɵġ
Ȼڸ֮ǰҲ˶Ӳ˵ۣԼ˻νֲˡ
ǸģҲɴ࣬ӡ
Ҫôֲ˵Լӣ̿ӳ˽ֶӲˣֳĲɹ֯ȥ
ֻҪɣʣ°˳ɶǵá
Ҫôֲˣ˲ȫ׬϶ֳĶ࣬ΪҪеԼǮĿܣ׬ĿܾûзֳɵĶˡ


111 
ַӣ²࣬ΨһһմһС
մĶ׬С׬
ǻΪҪͶʲôʵϺܼ򵥡
ʹ˵ˣ񣬼ǮõأüֲˣãΨһ֤ľ̿㡣
ҲһＯҼطֲˣҪԼ飬Ȼȷַӡ
ַӣҪǩġ
ַӣѡַӶ˵ã
һַӵȻã׬ö࣬Ҫеȥķգڶʡʡ׬㣬бϡ
ģׯѡ˺һ취ǰѲֳеգ
Ǽȸˣָеѹܴ
Ȼ˵ˣǰͰ࿪ʼ¡
ڽҪʲôһźȷĵӡ
Ҫµׯְֽڼֲˣ½˨֣Ҽ˸ɾˡ
ãоר͵ġ
ǻҪȥһīרˣȥīˡ
ͬʱǻҪѵһݱˣһҪץˣ֮˲ղ˶ÿǡ
ҪһǣҪīܱ߳ҵһЩԸǺľ¥̡
Ȼ취ֻʱãոԼľ̿һһˣһãˡ
ܱߣʱΪڿͷ׶Σ漰ôԶ
ܺԽѧ죬ҪһţҪȥīһ䡮ɵķֵꡣ
ΪˣŸԵһμҴš
μҼһ̸μ䲻ƣμǴ̣ʵҲǿԺģϾԺԼƵĻҪʳ
μİæɵīֵ꣬δ񵱳ڳŪôĶ
ֻμŸ͵ƣ˼ҽ鲻˼ҵĴš
Ҫ־ƣɵǲģЧ̫ˡ
Ļ˵ɺҩˣǱȥ
ַ֣һûƾģһùģƵľƾԻƾҪͣڸ𣬴Ź㡣
ƾڸ㴼ͨĻ࣬ȻҪ
ҲǷ־ƣûʲôˣյӺͻƾƵĶ
ĿǰɵҵľƣյӾ
յӵ̼Կڸи㴼һЩпɬζ־Ƹʺϲڸеǡ
ҵ죬ǰĶ໹ͶӲˡ
ЩӲǸӺڳǴģҲֵЩʱֵĲ˻δղ˵ʱ
ˣժµĲˣӺڳ͵īҪ죬ʪֻҪò˶ţ͹ժһ
ʵĲˣϼѿƾͲˣٲЩϲȾƣͷֲǮˣһζһЩƻȥ˳ٵõʲ˻ȥ̲¾ơ
Ըһҵ̵ͻԽԽļơ
ڿҵǼֲھʶһǶԹ˵ϲ
ʱŪ־һƽģһަƽճԵľࡣ
ަƽʱҶԵĶǾɹɵģγԹʵģ
ަަȫͬķζ
ƽˣֻʱȥɽܲɵһЩ⡮ɵʵƽѵɿľ̲ɣ
֮ǰΪĢúãûЩǳˣӲֻҪԸĥ̿𣬻ֳһֵġ
Ģġ
ֵһǣ֮ǰڳʱֻƽľަľŪġ
Ѿˣоܳľ
ھںڳǼ
ĢҪ̫ߣҲ̫ӣԸֻЩֶӲˣĢķӲóȥ̡
ȻͱܼŮˣǿкĺö
Ϊֹֻ˵˿ӣҲƽަҰģû˵
.
Ѱ£Ϊмû꣬ʱܻȥ
Ӵɡ
ʵڲ㣬ͰѴиˡæЩ˵ү̶ڼңܰæ
ɴСһˣƽʱ۾ܿСǰƣ˯ʱĸȻҪһ˯һ㣬ȥıѡ
ôûСˣԹ
һ㶼ñûжġ
ӿ˸űӽǣԹС
Ҳ֪СûдŴɺһȥҪǷִٸͷҿ϶ʰ
ʧЦ
ӣҲܲҪ˰
ְ§ƽʱ״һš
ˣٹҪȥˡҵ˵㲻ԼҪ
ҲǲģҶͱʹȥܣէԸҲϤɽһҲֳܷɼʹҾҸ·ӣؾߵ¡
˵ָ̾ˡ
һֿʼϵĸ£㲻绹Ӱɡ
ȻһͻȻذĴԴһٴ꣬ΪɶǴɣ
ɰЦˣӹ׵Ҫɣ
ҲŲҪСӣϲСŮ
˼ɺܳ
ֻ˳ɲŲ
ˣҳһҧгݣרų㣡
.
ʱڳǹټһˡ
һС˶š
һŸ룬һֻһס
̫Сֱϸ˵ָ̫̫֣ôôг
һҪιСү
ûŴɡ
Բԣ
ɿɫԽԽڣС˶Ҳˣᶹӱ˳

ˣҪߵӲúóԷ϶ʰң
ʰҪ

úóԷͻˡ
ڣƭСֶӺöΣÿ춼ôƭģȻ첻ˡ
ԱһԼСϻͷҲ˵ĬĬᶹӡ
һٷ꣬žž죬ֲȥ
ҪҰС˾С˾˳ø㿴Ͳˣ
Ҫ㣡
Ҫ⻰СҪ壬ˡ
գ˾
ҲС˾ˣ
СֶҪ˵Ҳ˵ҳٳҲ壬ûĵĳСӡ
ڱֶǰᵽһѡ˿ˬУ֪ΪزūƽʱƤô죬Ҳűˡ
ѹĸо۸
˵ӮĴɣˡ

˵ʲôûãúðѷˣԱŲ㣬Ҳܽȳ꣬ȥ˯һͿˡ
գ
Сӱƭˣˣ
Ҳλƭֶû緹϶ˡ
ǴɹԹԳһ뷹
극ϴϴССҲûŲط˾⿻˱˯¡
´Լ˯һѵġ
Ϊ󣬼ʹѱˣҲ
ſС廳Ե÷
Ӳ
ӲҲֻӲ˯ôӲ

ϴˣ˵ҳԼ˯ȥ

˯֮ǰɻ
Թزūô㣡


112 
ڶӭӴɵģЦúúÿһŹ
С̺Сʵལë׵ġ
ظ°벿ǰɫģͶһغɫͷغɫëΧȴ۾Ϸë
üҲһףԵ׵ĺüëһŵüԵú̬ܺ䡣
ɱŵһ㶣һȥǹ
ȻһЦ
ϲϲС˾רŸġ
ʵҲûڣ£
齨ӵ£ɽڹš
˵ǲУʹõǵͺСܵҲ죬Թ
˵ǺڳһȺרģǲԣΪһƬܶĹʼǴȥġ
ȺλڳǾԶҪߣ쵽ĮǶˡ
ɽԴȥһˣʳƥΰͣȺﻻһ
Ĺ˼ҲԸ໻ֻʮ󲿷ֶδĹСֻ̡С̾˵ȥר͸Сġ
ǹӡ
ָС̣Ϲ
ӡ
ðɣֻ̹һˡ
ڿЪһȥˡ
.
ǵȸʱ˸йӵС
Ķİ
һ߱Ŷ㣬һ߲ضֻΧȴתźܴС̡
ӣɸϽ
֪ǹӣʲôûиȡ
ӡ
æûȡ˵ƣɣҪйӡ
˳ɵӣѭѭգ˵Ļżƺû£̫ø
Сüͷ
ûؿ˵ƣ˵йӣôһԸ⻻ˣ
ЦҶҵģѵģֶԴ˵Ʋ۲ģ
أԹ
ġૡ
ԣ밡Ƚȥѡ
ȸѳӶ˸յ֣˻д˼
ɴ
ֳ˳ֻܴС
ĶŴ
ܾĸܻںףϣҲϣֻպ㣿
ԣģѵϣԼ㣿
.
˵Ūӻרȥ˿
ڹһԺ湷һͬڳǵĻиǸȺĺӣѵȻЩҲû취á
ɽר˼ĵˣѧšԺǾǱӵĺҪúЩ򽻵ġ
ЩһǴӲģһǴӼģǵϸĵˣϤıԿʼѧ
ڳ깷࣬Ҳû취ǵ
ȥԺʱйˡ
ĹվŲֻһֻë׵ģеյĴ󹷣ɿر
ﱼʶѸ˭֪ǹܵͻȻ򻬣ˤ˸ʺ
ȹԴվʱŹϿ߾ζ
ûסЦֻյسѵ˽лȥˡ
ôһ֮󸣶ٿЩʱﶼЦ⡣
ЩƺǵѪͳöͦǵģëӶַֺ࣬ڰסҰԼذëɫ
ʮִվа˸ߣԼһ׶ӣë׵ģź׳ʵצʮҲ׳ȹǺܴ֣һͺ
ٿЩë׵СӣܻЩСôĴ󹷵ġ
ЩܺιʳʲôԣʮͺԽëԽ̫䣬ܾãһ࣬ٱһͷˣЩͲ¡ɽܵ
ʵǸȺ˵һĹֹԸ׺ɵĴ󹷺󣬸ָӣֻܴС̿ʼܱĿǰĴɡ
ɽ۲ִ󹷣ûˣЩС̻ţֹá
ѵˣǸɫëƤĻӣͷߣֻ˵һЩ򵥵ĺ
Ⱥͺ˵õ֮һŻѵ
˵򹷵˼ңи¬ĺӣרøָЩζһЩС̡
˵ֻҪϤǵζˣԺٶιǼΣͻǵĻ
ɽ˵ʹѵҲϸͦϲЩģŸǵĹͷ
еĹ࣬еĹӲá
иģͷƺһڡ
ϧٶû죬Լ켫ַסĹ죬ôͷѲֻصؽ˼ſ
¬û뵽ŮӾ˴Ҫ֪Ⱥﹷǿ׳ģȺѵˣҲһоסŮӾƷ
ʹĹͷЦŵҧңûţҷء
º֪ԭʱ׷ҧȻûҧԺ;ˣͷҧء
ү˵ʱƤѴĹ˸顣
Ϊ˷ҧоУòѹţǣǣǿȹͲ
ǰĹǶСŮߣ±˹졣
ʱôʲô¶ɹʧЦѡ
˵úֱ׳զˣզˣ֪Ҿﹷֳ࣬ҲŲء
ĸĺụ̂
ֻûֻ͹
.
ӾЦЦйȥˣڵǶӲ˿ոʱա
ʵ֮ǰžͿ챻ˣ˨ġ
ӶӲðѿʼͲҡ
ȸͬ˼ұȣñ˰ΪԼûֺãҪˣñȱ˼Ҹߣǲǳʲô⣬Ҫˡ
ǵģЩ˨ơ
Ϊλ˲ӵͣͰֿףʲô˶ʮĵظǡ
Ƿĵأ˨˵ԼʲôˣҲôš
֪º˵Ը˸ũĹ
һأײԱʸʱֻҳ͢һ¾ˡ
˵Լ٣˨첻ѡ
ؼٲǲĹ٣ƷģֻǸӾƷȰũ١
Ҫ֪Ϊ٣Ƿ˸ײ㣬˵죬ͨҲֻпƾһ;ſũתΪʿ
ȴٿԸ˽Ŀǰ£ܴźڳǰֶӲˣðշ¸ҵһ׮СĹ
ǸطƾһƷȰũ治ߡ
ҹ⣬ڰյطٸģʽڳﱸ齨ճµũһ鶼Ҫһ١
ɽӹɣĿǰµıڹܣũˣСˣȳһ֡
в뵱ٵ
ûУ˨̤ʵصģҲиٵΡ
٣˨ˡ
ʱ͢ĺ͹ٷô죬˶֪һϢ׷˨ϲĿڳˡ
˳ɽκڳرһ£һͬϱ˳ͬ͢ʱйëı͢٣Լڵն״
һΰ¡

ղ˵գŸտһ½ڳС
ǲźĻѩСĻűĿӣϱΧһƤҲƤţһȺ񻤱Ƶģȥ
ʱһĴţѾˡ
ŶӽȥһءǮ
ںĲ뿴ǲõǮ
˵飬˵̬ȣϾǮõ档
˳ˣĿӿˣһССװʲô֪Ӧǲ˻Ǯ
ôõˣ
õõˣĹٴ˺ܺãҼġ


113 
ˣŶӵǾ¶ϲúͼ֮ɫûٶ˵ԸоֳķΧָһЩ
ҲвˣվԶ
Ǵ඼Ǻڳǵİա
˵ó֯ЩʲôӲˣ¹ûֻ˼ڶӣ֣Դ˼ʹ˵ˣҲǳֹ״̬
룬үôãðգǶӲǿֻ֪Сɵߣۻ
ʱ˲ֳˣõõǮһԾۼΧ۵İ۾ˡ
æҲˣ׷׻ؼ˵˺ͽһԼȥʣסڳİܲҲ֡
ǽļգõżٶȱ˲ãεȰũˣҲæýź׶
ȸտʼöˣѾô˻֣Ҫտʼְְֽ̣˵ֻȥС
Ȼǩ¡
һʱ䣬ڳǴնʼڼﵷĶӲˡ
ģ͵ŪﲻģŪڿһЩһЩܻϼǮǸ
һѷضֶӲˣѹʱԣϾֶӲҪʱ䣬һջʱ磬㹻ʱ䣬һӲ͡
ΪڳΨһ̿Ул̿оЩܲסˡ
̿дӲȱֻ̿ûƸ̾ڳǵ˻̫򲻼ҵʯ̿
Ѿż̿и漱׼ͳȥһ̿ڳ޵׶ˡ
̿еĹ¼û취ֻæȥҼ⡣
侲ļһüͷ˰Σ˵һ䡮˹
֮Իô˵뵱лҿ֮ʼµĲйء
˽ԿΥ͢ɷģʸ֮Ĵû³лٴܲסȺ֮
Ϊ˷ֻЩ޷ͨսл˵̿һֱǼǮͣӦġ
궼һһϦ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪еǡ
ɼǱߣ
Ȳܣ̿ȡ֮ģǳϼգǱǲģ󲻹˶һЩˡ
Щ̿ġúӡѾߵ£ٶҲѡ
л촽ճһĨĮĻȡ
ǾߣЩ͸ˣ÷Ҳͷ˰ա
ǡӦ
һ£ֵѵû֪ⰲʹǹ٣Ҳǹ٣ʹٴܴȥ֮͵¡
˵С˲٣лһۣαΪѣ˲ãȥķâѵͲܰѴ˴ӺڳŪߣ
浱ûѴ¸֪лƳһۣüֻǽǱ߾Դ˱̸ܶ
ڽ̬ʹԴҲЩĥ͸һʱЩͶ
ˣ㲻ö˵ףҴȥһǡ
.
ھڳԼмʮһҰǹĵط
˵صĵòͬһƬѩأװعװȴȾ˲īɫĺڣ˲̾ۡ
͹ƽɽһƽµأϸһʮֲ۵ʯͷӡ̿յú㣬ʮе˯еںȾƣһȻ졣
ɽһ࣬Ȧһм˹ЩľдСһԼ׷ԲһľƵ
վһźëƤѵˣͷŶʵʵֻ¶һ˫۾ͷ
һֳͲ붴Уһִֻڻů͡
ľҲվŸͬˣȴתŰ֣µĶ
ϵԽԽףĶԳԭΡ
һ𣬶ŵһСһʯ̿
߶ȹˣæİֽֿͬ飬һͬװʯ̿Ŀ̧ϣֻ˸ȥ
һ꣬תǸһ߶Ŷú׵ֹһֶߵͬ춳˲
ʱ߹һͬʮӷ׵ˡ
δ߽ӹһҡ
ˣˣҪͷߵýô࣡˵ڳǸĹ٣óʲӶӲˡ֪ʲôǶӲˣƽʱԵЩˣڶѲֳ˵Щ˻᲻룿᲻ԣ
˲ҪģҪ̿㣬յôȣǰ᲻̿񶼲ҪǮƵᣬ˵ţ˿ĭĭûأͶ˱磬ɲǲҪǮˣ
Ǽôڣʲô취תǸʵ
ʲô취ԷƳһۣô˶ˣǵǵ̿ȣл׬٣˭뵽ͻȻŪô£۵ҲҲ¿϶Ҳͷöġ
°ʹûϹڣҿԴˣûͣƫƫ˵øԷͻ
˵öԣ˼ҵǹ٣ǲͻҲǳԿ
ǹզнĹٴǺǽǺʡһƬ졭
˵ЩʲôãҲǿӵġˣ˵ϻߴˣüӿٶȣǱˣߡ
ٴ߿¡
˾ˣ׸ˣý͡
ھ£뾮ڲԶĿУ
ʮü۵ˣƨһͷһͷڵú飬װС
û˵˶ƣػеظھĶ
ڣڰᣬһ𣬸˵˾ͱţڴ
ѿӰϣȥ
һݹ᾵ˣһ̿ߵ·һ˰ӺţȻһʯ̿ƾһ޷ģֻһ
հѿж£ϴһǳ⣺˵첻ڹһٿ׼ʲôʱˣʲôʱзԡ
һʮ̿Ѿ죬ΪڣҪӼĿͳʯ̿ʱͷھˣ뱻
룬Ҫһڣһߴ֧ſ󶴵ľܡ
һٿūۣ
룬ͷЩ˵ĻǶˣЩˣҲˡ
硭
Ǹͬīڵˣƺ˵ʲô
硯΢΢ҡҡͷ
˳Ĭػؽϵϣȴ˰ʯ̿ȥٰѿյĿӽһֱû˻˵ǵġл
˵¹ٺᣬɲͨˣû
ԶԶƹһۣû塣ɿ϶ͨˣͨû¾ͰȺ˸ˣɱˣǰǻҪЩ˰ӡ
ҲǼ̫ȻСС˾ܵǽлͷҰ
㶮ƨǲǹȫ֣Ƽǰ粻ǿԺˡ
ˣ˵¹ٵʲôͷҿƺԶԷЩɵ
ʲôͷҵ֪ɲѰˣҵԺﵱĸ˵ˣǹա
գ׹ݣ׹ʺĵط
˭֪أҲ֪
˭֪أҲ֪
˵ǹգ治ҲģҲûĶл׹ݵӰӡ
Щˣʹǻ׹զȱ͵˵˲ǻ
µˣһ
һ˵ʱƺ̿Ѿϵˣ
ȿտӷ˽˿ӣٶĿ󶴡
һֱߵ̿ǸСӵһ˲ŵ¹ٲ̫ӰɣҲˡ


114 
ÿü۵[һۣƣ۵ڵ
βŵ֪
£ҲܵϵúмѾˡ
ҲأȻĶôɣͬͬաһ·ϣȢǸŮƺЩûʱƺҲȥǹŮļǡ
ִɣʹЩжһ̫ܳ٣
ȷʵ̫ܣȦλ֪ĸˡǵ³Ͳã
̫Ӿ·ϹñǺãҲǹŮݵĸ֣ǲطٵġ
׵ɫˣټϿӶģֻһյ΢ƹʹҲʲô
ôȥǲеġˣǰٶˣֻʣʮˡ磬㷽ûǻٲܣֻǳҲҪ
Ķܣ
ѩأȴûкʵѡ
ΪǼ֮أ˭֪бĵطҿʱ컹û䣬͵طˣȻˮɱȥ˶þͻᱻ
ЩǲʹҲܣƽʱǲǺѵġ
ڵ£ŵѵо䣬ÿֻǸ涨ĻȥһȻͻᱻ
ҪɱǵѣҿǸģһҲǸˣǽ
֪Ķܣ[ͻȻ
ʱǱģֻ֪طǰ󶼲̡
Ҳ֪֪ٲܣǶҪɥؿڵұϵҪ˵ĺڳܣīܳȥ㱻ҲӶǿɱˣĸĸΪǻŰԼģ
ᵽĸ[ʱĬ
˫ȭҧ´ų޵Ĺâ
˰ΣͻȻȥǸСı©˸ˡղײգͽ죬Ҳˣ񡣡
ãȥ
˵꣬ڵĿҲ֪Ķȥˡ
.
û⣬ͳƵú⡣
ɽƫƫ⡣
ۼɫѾĺִӻȡֽ
Ҳûдʲô˳ּʯ̿滭ʮֺȦļֻԼö
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117 
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118 
ÿڽˮ汻ļ£ɲ˷ԽɽǰӺڽεĸȺա
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119 
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120 
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121 
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123 
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124 
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ʯǸƢЩ˶֪˵øⲻ
ҪǲżңԺǽأҲˣ


125 
⡭
ҶһۣҲòżҰҪżңҲǼ档
ʱˡ
־棬Ϊ棬Ȼǲеġ
СʯͷƢôҡ
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ð˵СڸãΪȻˡ


126 
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§ˣôԺĺĸŴʣĸһˣ
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ɿٵһ鿴ţ
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.
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ڳǺұһһͳǡ
νͳǣĳ⻹һԲλεСǡͳһţ滹һš
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ЪŲҪ˵Ȳã˭֪ջȥʱ᲻ɲˣұҲȲá
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͹ͶһͬļˣǴɫ
Ͷ˵ЩЩ˽Ķ˵ǺݺݵһǶϡ
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Ц޵ҵôãһѪԵĻˡ
˵ţЩʹļ׵ϮЯֶԵУЩׯȴΪ飬˽ģԸկ֮УҲԸȥԵСģޣôһҪӻֻԶԶţ
ˣôãʵٲҲŪǵ˼ˣֻǱٲǽ̸ȶԻȥˡ
û뵽ʹͻȻˣ׷
ˡ
ǵ뿪ɴʱ˼ۣҪȥֻܲʵؿ˱µĹͶһۣˡ
ȻǼʹ˺ڳҲûߣǰͰ͵ŹͶӣһֱȵͶӺڳǳ
ͶܲЩˣǰѰʹ˼ˡ
ʹ˼ȷڳǿɰæӻ棬ǰǸׯñսӺڳǵЯֹͬԵС
ԴˣһΪСȺĴ㣬ԲŻô顣
ׯȴһҡͷмֱӹͶ˼˻һӱˣӦҪǵأ
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ˣҲ˲õæҲ׷ȥȥһ𺳵Ϣ


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¶Ŷ֡
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ǹڻð̵ĻǹüȷʵˣǵĶҲֻܷʮ岽⣬̫бĿܡ
ԴɻɲǹүӺΣֽǶȺ;붼ԹЧķʮ岽⣬ʮ岽ڣбĿԡ
ȻԺѧʱܻʱܣʱˣʱԶһ㷴ܻ
֮Ǿܷס
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ҲǾòֻǾ̫ˣǵĻȴ̫ࡣ̾˿
ٸǣżҲżҾͲŴ̻ܸܰĻٲɲȥǵĽ죬ҲǲС
˵°ˣ˵һ㶼·ɽ
ʧЦ˵е
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128 
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һȺ˴׵ڳǿζȥû١
Ϊ˾֪ׯǵСֻڱڹ
֪ڼǰҺͺڳǼܱߵׯͳһԺڳΪףΪ
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ζ˾ֻ治ܳͺͺڳһ˼Ҳг·֮ǰƥҲûǲһЩ֮һЩ۵Сׯ
·´ϲһ֣˿Ӱ˼ҽ
ǸճСϢݹˡ
Ӻڳ·ɢȥ
Ѿ˴̿ϻˡ
Ѹׯ˾ۼ˼򵥵ĲҲ֪ǲȺں֮ڡ
ûоͳĲûоѹƣָǸҵ˶࣬ʵһɢɳ
¹ؽҪԼ档
һյ׵Ĵһׯĳ
һӣүҲһ
ڣʿ䣬үӼ֣ټȷʵҪһЩׯ
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131 
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вֹܣⲻϲͨ籨ŵģ
˵ͷҪˣͷ
ϴΰϲŵģʹʲôҲԸϲԼͻĥ
ĥ͸ˣȻô
УͷԸȥ
죬ŷͱôˡ
.
ͬʱڼǧ֮ľǣڰ硣
׹ѫ󳼺ǸһбյƽһȻ̬֮֡
ʺ͸ϯˡ
ʺˣߣλµģЩϯ󣬲ǡ
ֻʺһˣǻʺ㵽һ룬ϯ
ϯȴǲߵģһЩ˵˵
ʺŮ֮ʣܵĿɲǺ󹬣Ů֮¶ɹܵġļҳޣļҵĸȣ״浽ʺ⣬ֹܲһܡ
ʺҲźԼݺϣôֶһ˼
ȻصԪѾӽƻʱ̡
ӭŻʺ󣬰ȫ׵ĺ£ʺʱ˿
ȥԡӭЩʻꡣ
ʻʺڳرϼ¡
жĮñʧκڳǴݣԳпѵõĺϢǵǳˡ
ݱԣԼʮرԿϮɲˣЩҪسǣҪɱУжѡ
ӭ˵˵˵£￪Ŀģ˭֪Ūɳ׾ֻݣʺ󿴵ȴǴ֮µΣ
ܹǹˣ£Ӧø˲ǡ
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ʺŮ죬Ϊ̫֮λԳ֮ҲΪ˽⡣
֪һЩЩ²㽫ʿ˾ȴϲ̲Ϸ֣ȷֵʣ޼
Ҿ˵ڳسǾеѷЩøϡ
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ʺѰ˼Ѱһλ󳼣ͨһϵ°ˡ
ԡʺҲ÷ȥ˯ˡ
˭֪ʱˡ
۲ˣòʴš
лʵţʺԼȥϢģ
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˵˺ڳǴ֮£ʵչа磬Ϊף¡
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ڳǴǡô
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׹ףɵ˵ڳǵĽʱʺûס˺ڳǾеѷ֮¡
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á˵ɲʹǹһѣǹֵ̥ܵ²ٸڳһЩ勵ɺã
ڣʺʶԼʧˡ
Ϊ北˾ģһʺ֪Щ飿Գ֮¹עܻ࣬Աйᡣ
ʺ˭֪۲δʶ쳣ǵɲ˵Ļǹһţƣըţֻδһ⣬˷ȥá޻˸ڳһʽĻ北š
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ðţ۲뿪˼
ʴ˷ԡ£֮ۺһͬȥЪϢ
һʱ󣬻ʺԡӭȥԡ
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ʺ۾硣
˯֮ǰͻȻԼǵźޣȴŸǰ̺ôĸˣҲֻˡ


136 
ǱߴŻ˵Ҫˡ
յźЦԷǡ
һԼ˴ġ
ԹתͷȴԸ飬ó׼Щòˣá
˭֪ûǵ˴Ķѧ
ѧæëƤ£ëƤⶫʳҲԵĶһչȴȫꡣ
Ļѹʵ̫࣬ɲǼٿޣĻռˣѧѰ˼ŰѶȥҲöҵ
ëƤеļɢأ̾ڴ˵Ļ̺ܶ࣬ڽˡ
ѧȥľط
̸̺ţ̸ʱͦãԷ˵Ǵڣѧʮڿһ˵ǴӺڳǹĻҡͷֱ˵Ҫˡ
һʱѧоɣȵڶһˣ׷ʶԷ
ԷҲ˵ʵ˵ǰк׼պڳǹĻǸգ˻᲻Σ϶˲ȥġ
ѧģһԣˣˡ
չ֮ǰͨ˵Ҫˡ
ﰵģܶУҪ׼
ѧΪȻ
ͲţŻѵȥģĸ˲Ǽ壬һڳô׬
ʵȥʱ
˼Ҳ˵ʵˣǲҪĻ룬ſˮ룬ؽЩǲܵġ
һԺͲˡ
ѧǣǴһֻġҲ࣬Լжʮ֮һӣǸ˼ҿƷ
һֱڴϣ˸ַš
˾ܾѰ˼Ȼȥ԰ѻ˵ȥĲַˡ
ûգַǽѬˣƫƫûա
ﱾң˭֪ڶԼ͵ļ۸ҪĻǸ۸͵ǰڳƤëô۸
ѧôˡ
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ûٶ˱˭Żֻ˺ڳǣ붨üƲԺһ㣬öԷ߳ŭĻˣʧÿԼ
뵽ˣû뵽ء
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׻˵üС¡
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Щ²ӲӲֻһİ취
˵ʲô취
΢һµˣɲĴɽǱ˷ǵ·Ǿͳȥˣ˻һ
˵ӽ˳ȥ۾ʱһǰǿͨ˳ȥ˳µ֡
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.
ͬʱ
ֽ׿յ͢һ⹫ģڳһʡ
аźĴڣɰѻ北ԼһЩǮ׾ǳ͢˾֮˵ʹ͡
׿ĺ°͵ĶЦЦ
һŮӴһ
Цʲô
׿ҲûܻĹĵݸ
Ůûòָ˰׶ϸҲƣ̬Щ
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˵ĵطǺڳǣŮĿ
Ц͢ԽѶ͵ڳǣ
׿ÿɷ
ˮ·ڳǣȷʵЩ
˵׿û˵ǣҲû˵ǣŮ밡
ڳǵʹǳ͢ģȻǳ͢ģ׼ġΪҪ׿ΪתΪ⣿
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ǲڹգΪԭ
Ů˰죬ҲûȻ׿ǿˣ׿۵ĸ
ǱȽĶϺӸΪĸĴڡ
Ҽǵû˵ŵ·ϣܹλķ˵Ķݣ׿Ůһ۵
˵ʱһֱŮӵһַڴţȻԴŮΪ谮
Լľ˲δ׿
ǰǣ³ûˡ
׿һĴȵȻǶйǾϤȫȥҾͲҪˡ
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ҲԣΪҪ͸ڳǵĶչΣΪֻܰУ㱻չΣҲ¡
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ʮգѧˮ˻¡
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ֻһңҸӴӺڳǳĻ
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ǱԼ촬
֪촬ɲͬҾߣҪרŵĴһգһҴӿʼ죬ҲҪꡣ
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˵ˡ
ԣҾʹ˸һ˰ɡ
С˵󣬸һ˼·Ӳġ
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֣һӣȥ
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137 
ʱͷͣΡߴ
һͲ񴬣ҲͨĹٴ
ڴ֮˳ͣͬ͢ĻʥּȻ֮ܵ
ϣ㰸һӦּʲõĲжӣδӶľ٣Ϊʥּ
ʥּʽݣǶ԰ʹԼ˾һɹٱ׳İϻ˳˶ξһӦĽ͡
꣬ЭͬӶķЭһ˳ڣ֮ھƿǲϸ˵
һ˴˵ҺܴĴ

빷Ҳϡ棬ԸĿ΢Щɡ
¶ɫ
˵ֻԣ㶼֪ǹٴһ֣ƥҲսרΪԼˮս֮á
ˣһ㶼ΪҪ֪Ǹʲôģȫ֪ȫܣԣߣɣǲС壬
üͷС壬ƺҲɻΪô
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ѧСһȱ˹ڰС
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ռСͻȻˣΧűߴתȥҧѥӣС˷
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ɲ˵
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Эֻʱӽ쳣İ̬Уһ˿ͬѰʮֿ
Ҳ˵˵ǵĴ˳·һЩʱֻ΢һ£ͬˡ
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ԷҪ潫Է
ҪЭһˣ˻ȥѯʽһ·Э֪ڳǿƵشƫƧʵΪḻǵزϺõëƤ㡢˲εȣʯ̿ơ
ƣǽմдĳľƣ
λЭ죬ʯֻ̿ʾƣ֪˶Ǻþ֮ˣ׵ЭէҲ֪Эֻó˱پûԿڵľдЭ졣ʵ˾ƻиһƷΪҺڳǵһҾ̵ƾơϧٲʤÿÿֻǳһҶ
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ܿƾͱȡˡ
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һһСʮۡ
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Ц
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138 
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ʶȴƼŤͷ״ŵòҿˡ
Խվڹòˣһ·ͣںŴ
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ˡ
Цеģôˣﲻɣ
˻ɣ
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վ˵Ҳ㣬Ը˰˽ȥԺȥˡͬʱ˰Ϣݸǰõн͵
ղСٲȻһ̫̫ļƣɶĽѣһ˵ȥ֪ʶһۡ
Ժ£Ҷû˵§Ŵһ
ƺѾǵˣ־죬СüͷһС
ôˣСûĵģְѸˣ
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ѡߴ١
ѡ
ӴҵĹԴɣѿˡ
§Ŵһס
СһҺܲԸⱻףҼ͵ģ
Сˡ椳飬Ц
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ҵĹԹգ۵Ĺֳˡ
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Ƕɩˡ꣬̾
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˨ԩˣҲӸ֪ɣԭԼ⣬ӵŮ׵Ͻǡǡõץ˸С
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˶һֱøӣӦе̣Ҳȫ񣬾Ǹˡ
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Ϊλʳ⻰öӣ֪ʱʲô棬ôԼԲˡ
һЦģҲ
΢΢Ρ

ôˣس
˵Ǽ⣬Ϊ֪ƽʱϡ


139 
Բ۾
ⶼˣ
ǣͦϡؼÿ
һ˶ϣҲ᲻Ӱʺ϶᲻ӵģôͳϡˣ
ңҧŶװͰ͵صǼ֡
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Ӻɶźӣ˨߳סԺӡ
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浱Ϊ㣬ŸһǸСĽҶˣӲܿĶС
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ÿһ飬ѾйûǣóԵҲܶԣȻͻ¸㿴ֻ÷ѹš
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СҲҪȥűǿˣҲ˺˿⼸ӵ
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𿴺ڽˮڣϺر࣬Сȥһ
ӶˣԵһѵһߴȥϴҲؿ˼һۣĿҲ๷ϡ
գǰë㿴ͷС
Ϻһһ飬ƺʪëЩëڱ϶ӣЩ֧ò񻰡
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⹷ͦʵģŹһͷС
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СҲô˵
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Сˮ̫ãѾˣ󲿷ֵϺš
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˵
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С
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140 
ϣæ׼ˮ
ԹȥʲôҸϴϴҲ͵ˡ
ϴɣϴգϴо飬˳ͰѴϴˡ
ӻǸŹ˳ϵģ
ʵ治ǣ⹷ϴ
⹷Ҳ֪ʲôƷ֣ëҶ࣬ϴɾʱëͷԵģرɰǾͷˡ
ϴһΣԺٲԸ֣Ӹϴϴ
ؼҲУڴɸִ˯ˣŪ˼ӡ
СһﵹҲԸԼ˯һ
⹷ϴɾϿ
£Ǹղϴצӡ
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һ
ҿ˿ˮͰᡣ
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Ů˵ʲôûԹĳʳΪ˵ʲôû뵽СϺǴļûԹⶫ
СץССϺ᲻ӣȻֻ취ˡ
ⶫ̫Сʣ鷳
ը˲ȥǹζһũ˼ҿ᲻ò겻͹ˣҪôι
ʹɳʳҲóԡ
϶ǴССϺķӣȻ֪ˡ
ǣ
˵ô˵һȥѰ˰ѼӣСӣˮͰС㡣
һҲˡ
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ָȦĵ⣬Ѵ˳ָ͸
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ֱ׳һеĸˣ͸úú̥綼ָܸллңæôˣ
˳
ӻûأװģطָ˸ɻѰ˼Ů˻˺ӣȷʵúţҲˡ
ȹˣӣץɦһԸżزūﵹǵõȹͣһССϺȥ
Ϻϻˮһ¹ž죬͵ӡ
ͱܿˣվԭرŵֱ
һֱȹ΢Щˣƿֽȥʮ·ϺɫˣСҲˣѸٰʳʢ
ָѹҨһͣѴнȦȥ㣬ٷһ״󽴱㡣
ÿŵ󽴱ζˮزūҾ⽴ãȥǮ
⻹˵
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ӲҲãҲôµ⣬б˼׬Ǯ˸硣Ĵȴһļ˻²ˡ
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Сʢװ̡
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æûڣͰһСϺˡ
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141 
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ǵձϰػҪʳ;
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ѧæ⣬ںڳǡ
үӺţ󻨣ǲԸһ֣ԼԺԡʲôóԵģһЩˡ
үҲæӼĽˣүӳھоƣп֮£粻ϲŻء
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142 
ͬʱѾ˵˾ｭɺӡ³ӵĽ֮ء
ͬɲ˶ԱǵĲʣ⴦פؾɲ˱״ģȻźܼ򵥴ֲڣǽҺ
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϶Ƿ˵ģ籮ȴ١
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143 
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145 
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147 
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148 
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ҥȷʵкôԻʺҲкôٳνᣬڱףʵʵ
㻢Ƥȫ˭Ϊ
أ
ѵ治⣿
뵽ԼЩ£ʺһʱζȫ
ʵ㲻á
ݣɣʺƫ
ʵиԼãҵꡭӣ㲻þܾ֮¡
ԣ
æûЩӦŮˡ
ɡ
δڣ°Ѿס
ǼеҵϢ
ôѵ޲ʺͻݣɼ빬
ҡ
룬ΪԶԸԼģ
ʺƺĵֲȷԼû
һ̾췭ظ
۱ʺ󣬳޵ȥ
ȻʺôУ޲̸һ̸Ҫ£
ӭӲͷƤȥһɨ˹ɪһ£ԭء


161 
λ˲ͬѰڴڲ֮Ϊ˳ȴԻΪ
ð׻ͶõӻԼ֧Ԯϴ²δ̶
Ȼû̶̸ʸ
һһҪ̸˵
θֻ˵ĴԱʵе˺ܴѹô̸̸£ô죬ԼҪǡ
ˣʷɣζԼ
ӣҲ࣬ûдӣǰͻ˺ڳǣȻźڵá
ڵλֹղԭĮ֮أһڵõĺΪ
ͬʱӣҲǷֽߡ
ĮˣĮϡ
δĮˣȻٲĮϵĸ˲
ڵɳﲿĵطλ˳ذŲýӴɳﲿ𣬸һ˵ɳﲿ
ϵһֻɳﲿлԼڣߣ˾Աϡ
Ҳ֪λаĹˣ
.
Ĳ磬Ҳ
˵ǲ磬ΪĮϸ˵˴룬˵Į˻ûǱߵղʹҲû
Ϊʹ˶ܣԵ˺δ£쳣æµ
ڼ˺ܶǰˣǰ̫ʱڳе½ӼɹŸʱʶ֪ˡ
ݵĸı䣬ƺ֪û˸ǰ£϶ҲǷ
˽û̾Ǿ˽µˡ
ƺ֪ǰϵɳﲿǰϤؼҲʾԴ𾴡
ͬʱҲ
겻һĸеģ˸ԭϵŮӡ
ϵࡣ
òû䣬ϲ
ҵû뵽޸˻֡
ûǵ˵ԼǸŮл٣ŮҪ̫ӡ
ھݵκͻ֮ˬһЦ
ҲԵʻᣬԵעɡ
ֺõĻһ˿ޣƺ˵Щʲôվ޳ĸ̾嵭ˡ
ͻֹû𣿡Щԥʵ
ȻãǲãҲΪʹ
óʵǣԺ
һʼ϶ǲõģ˭ƶ˵ȵףá񶼺ˣͲҪǰˡ
ãôã𣿡
ҲãºͰҽˣΪҵĹϵĸδܵǣھꡣһֱһӡ
˵ţŮӶ˽
ӶһһŮ
ǰû׼ȥױϻȡһһ֧ø
Ҫ֣û׼´ˣ׼
䣬Ǹ˵ģҲû׼Ρ
ллĸ
ﹾһʲôҲ
ƺЩεؽ͵һֱڽǺѧᡣ
ӻСٴͺˡ
Ůȥڼ丣Ů
·ϣ֪˺ҪӴܶɹˣǸһЩɹŸϰ׺ͳʶ
һЩ򵥳õʻ㣬ö
̨֪֮޵˼
еƹأǴ֮ޡ
̨̫ͬӡ֮⣬ɳﲿͼ䱻Ϊǹϵ˵ʵ䱾֮Ϊ
꣬ڹͼӣʵ䱾֮Ϊ̨
ɹ˸û֮ǰһûֻ֣֮ҪȢŵģӡҲ˹֮ѧźˣŸĳһ޶ƶȡ
ɹ֮ΨһǳƺһǴޣڶǶޣơ
ݺ͵λϣ˴޵ݽΪ㣬˴ûʲô
˵ʱûܳΪĴޣ
㣬ûеʳǲ
ֺ˻ɣ뿪ˡ
ֱϻصʣŸ˵¡
.
ϴŵľƺǺȹˡ
˵ûġ
ˣߣϡ
˻ֻǷ޶ȡ
ȷʵҲǣֻи֪͵ˡ˲붯ԿǷˣͻЬүֻܾͳɡ
һۣ̺ȥˮȲֲ˲Ӻ׳ĵط
ְЬˣϴš
ϴŵʱоòýżˮ
ˣšСһѣʱʵˡ
һŪգѾϴ˵ĸһֻˮ˲ϡ
ͱ§˻ʲôҲɣô§š
Ҳء
ӽʲô££ȻǸµġ
ôˣ
û𣬸Ͱѽռ˵ˡ
Ȼ̾˿ʵģǼһݵ£Ҳ˵ˣԭӦ֪
ԻǸǳйϵ
ǰǹһ֮˷ϵ֮Ů
ڵʱߣѾܲˣӦҲźܴѹ۴ҲǿɳﲿӣŻͬ⡣
ͬʱ֮ҲĬ
ˣԺκιϵһֻ۱һֻ۷ߣ
ɹұ㲻٣ɹŵӹΣȡǵĿɽ
ɽָǴ࣬Ҳָڴ
ɹŵʧȥ˴๫ݺıӻҲԸ
ο겻Ǹӣ滹ĸףĸͼѵɵݣ
¶ΪһŮˣ˴ʵ۵Ĳã
ȻϲΪӭȢһλݸ߹ŮޣƺҲֵϡ档
ʵϣĴһ
ɳﲿòֵ˳죬Ҳܷ޶֮ʲô⣬ȻΪǼ棿
ô룬־Լˡ
Ҳ˼ҾΪѾõü棬˽һ±˴˵״
ǸģһݹϵڣҪãû¶ӴӴʲôæҪģǾͰһѡ
ʲôǰģ
Ҳûǣӻţҿɡ


162 
Ӹߺ󣬻صԼձ
ձһƬɳﲿˣмһΪͼģиСĴʣġ
ձ֮һ࿿һ΢ձһձ櫵ձ
Ҳˣ˵ҪҪõͼͬ⡣
ʱ櫵Ůձţһˣæתձ
Цһ£ͦ򣬽Լձ
ܿͺˣ껹û
겻ƵŮȥûС
õĽһֱ̨û
Ѿʱ䣬Ů˿һλСӣʱҲˣҪ÷ɣӦҲˡ
ȴͻȻ
̨ûʲô
ĸ׵ͻȻŭſӡ
Ůûа취ֻĸѺӱһձ塣
ɵطôձҲ˳űձĶ꣬ԽԱ꣬ձػصš
ȥǲ̨ȥ˴ձ
Ůƺ˵ʲộȥˡ
ʱġ
Ҳŵľһ߽ձǵĿٿһԲƺѾ׷ʲô
÷ûŮ
Ůҡҡͷ
̾˿ȥɣĸҲá
ƽ¶ظ֮ɫ
ƺҲԼŵı꣬¶֮ɫ
ȥУԽԽģûӶ׽ˣ
̾˿
ΪΪȥ
ƺ˵ʲôȻ۾ջû˵ڣתΪȥӵ¡
ӦøʡҸûɣ˵ӣֻγ;棬ûаѺӴ
ƽʱҲûʲôѣλ˴Ҫһ£ûµʱ㲻Ҫձȥ͸͸
ɵصͷ
ȿðշվ
ҲվֻʵȥĶ
ȥֵĴʣЩҪ˵ϴһͻ
˵һͻˡ
ɵϴ꣬껹ûأֿʼ
ͬʱͼ㱨źͼҲ˵վǴ֮¡
֮ʵλˣȻĿģоɽע˴ϾҲ˶ġУͲʧȻø½
ǡ
ӴˣͼĴޣ㲻
֡
쿤ŮڲãͲܰѱ˴˹ϵŪ
֪ˣ֡
߳ʣǳҹգֻͷ˿Ĵ֮ձƣ
룬ձȥ
֪櫣ʵڲ̫ã֮ǰӦȥǲأҪһ
ȥ졭
.
Ÿͼܲͼͼ˵ڵԽ
յ˸Ĵʡ
㣡
Ѿͷʵ̫ˣҲˬʣŸתȦȦ
ѸתͷĿѣ
ͣͣģתˡ
Ҳˡ
ղܾƺһЩ˵ĶˣΪ˸ԭ
ôû
ܴ
Ұ͵үǶˣͶٰæտһӡ
ЩźҶˡ
ûˣҲ˷ҶǸųɳﲿṩʳ
ӦŪ
ȻΪڸ֮ԼҪȫһЩ
ӪԱӣɳﲿҪôճԺȣʳﶯֽţҪ̵һȺˡ
ҲڰˣվŪá
ȳŪúҲҪԡæ
ǳʲôӦøŶԡ
ֱš
СˣûģҳԸġ㣬ǳŪúҸǳԺòãҳԵúٵģһܰ
˫һ𣬰󸣶
ɰ˵ʲôأ
òᣬ˱һۡ
һۣػ˻Դϵıӡ
Ҫȥ٣ߺ󣬸ҲǣͲ֪Щ˼ҡ
Ϊβң
Цˡ
˼һңҪǸңҲ㡣ʲôƢñǸ󷽵ģǸСĹǵñòˡ
᲻Լ
뵽һ쵽Լֻ࣬춼첻ߣ᲻Լ
Ҳ֪ܶʱһԸһԸⲻ֪ʡģ
룬Ѹͼ˵ˣû˵ԼĴ㡣

ҲɵزūԵ޹ʲ˵ЩȻǣŻ˵
ѵǸñ
˵ͷɫʹӦþ͵ˣʱӦвپеĲſѡҲˣܹûˡ
ɫȻ
Ҳû˵ʲôڻҪ٣Ҳ뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬸
᲻Ūɳ׾ˣ
ת룬Ū⣬治ϲǿ˴һԣƽһԹż
ǵòſɡ
.
ϺΪ׵ĸʹڴ絽ˡ
Ӵ󣬱ʱʱƺƴࡣϺλ˵ĸʹλЭ󳼣Ժһˡ
ͬʱﻹм޹ؽҪꡣ
һⶼ˲ųڣͬҲʮᡣӦþͬ˵Ȼ׼϶Ҫбѡˡ
ʹЩ궼Ǿѫ󳼼ҵӵܡ
ڿ˵ɩϢȻҲ֪ˡ
ǰΪĵ׸ĳĳſʲôݣʲôͣʲô
Щ˶棬䲻ϱ
䲻ϣ˭ϣζ
岻֪ɵܵܣʶȤû
˵öԣСҲСˣȢϱˣȢȢҲϲġ
˼ƽʱȵϹϻֻ࣬һ롣
ߺ󣬸Ըð緹Сݲ֪Ҿ뿴żģ
㰡㣡ʧЦҡҡͷǴӦˡ
.
һͷ߳ʣı
硣
ϲЦտģ룺ǲҲ֪£Բôˣ
ǿЦԽ˳ۣҲԽĳ
ôˣôһͲˣ
ûʲô
ûʲôһͲˡ
磬ȥòã
ȥ
ʲô
ʲôҲɣ
ίôˣû㡣
㷳ˣ
ǸңҲǧٳ賤ƽʱԼˣϾû˵
ĪƢλ˵ڣ˵
ҲҲס
ᣬˣ
ȻͿˡ
ˣ
ôˣ
ƽʱôܵģôˣ
Ծ׷˹ȥȵպյǰŷӦԼʲô
ɵؿձһۣ뻹תͷˡ
ûзպյŮպóæתȥ¸˹ء


163 
أˣᣬء
պմձ߽ŮſڴϿ޵ҡҡͷ
ôˣҪ磿
磬ǽʲô
޵ʣһ䣬ſ¼ޡ
˺ˣˡ
պհŮ˲ᣬˡ
ģأ
˵ʶӦġ
ԣᣬǷŲ²ǣ
ǿˣתͷˡ
ЩʧٻЩˣԼ˲ᣬҸҷô
ˣպղҡҡͷ
ô֪
֪ҵǸǸʲôóԵģȥԣ
˵Ѿͷûԣ֮ǰ޵ϡﻩԼǶţҲˣԼҽڹȥ
ǻǰպЦЦҲ͹ˡ
֮³ˣŮҪ뿪ɹţʱûһԿţŮֲ˵ĻҪԲٿͷ
뵽պüܻޣ߶Ҫȥ
Ҳûȥ½ǣŤ
ǲȥǺ롣
㰡㣬ǰǾͻС˵ЩϲˣҪú˵˵
⻰ѱ˵ýˡ
Ҳšûϲ
ûϲʲôպµ
ҡҡ
ðɣȷʵϲ磬ϲϲ֣ÿÿ춼뿴֡
㿴㣬ⲻϲʲô

ڶߣŽ
벻޸

һ˺һźС˵һ롣
Ȼ޸ǾŮ֮鰮翴ȻŮ鰮ŮżҲҪ֣Ҫõθڡ˾Խ׵õԽǲϡԽǵףԽ䱦
ƶǶૣǶͰҲ𣿡
䲻£汿ʲô֪ȻҲ֪Ͱ֮һЩ¡
Ȼ
˵䵱Ȼʱպϴ΢΢ĳֻһбδ
ǶңôܺͰã
Ҫ޵ģɲҺ㰢˸ǵϰײһֻȢһӣʹȢŮӣҲɽŵ檡ں檾ǸǾԲᶯҡҵĵλֻ֪׾ˡ
պܽŮЩ˵ֶΣ
Ȼǲ̣ҪѡĽ̡
ŮǱ̫ˣ̫ӵĽ̸˵Ūɳ׾
ҪǣŮ·̺ãʣµ·ΣֻܿԼˡıǸĺӣһߵ˳˳졣
ǶҸô죿
ȻͽþһЩȥ
ԥһ
Ƕ뿴ô죿
ɵ˵һҪţʵڡ
.
˵幫Ӱѱģÿ˻ȥ
תͷٿʱܾһִͷɥ֮С
װ֪װôû
ȻɵСڵòС
˽»˵öգúýѵѵСӡ
˭֪Ÿһ죬ˡ
ģҸġ
ʱպڡ
ԼʵͦεģΪ֪ø˵ʲôֻ˵ӡ
˵һһŮкͼȴСһ㣬꣬СĽ񣬲ꡣ
ӵӺС˵ˣкǵƤʱ򣬿⺢ȴʮְ
ˣ˿
һбҲûӻȥˡ
ȥĶˣôû磿٩
Ĵ£û¡
ҲŲ
һ⻰֪ǻأòôȻҲˡ
ȻҾͲˡ
ƺ˵ʲôû˵
ҲװûСĳԡ
Щ춼Ǹûģһ̶ӣرϲԣ˺üʸ
ǲѣţģֻѧʲôϲԵĻҵȻװһЩǡ
ǰ϶˵Ժԣƫƫסˡ
˵ŻͻȻˡ
ǰձ˽
ʶǱ߿һ뵽˵ĻָϽͷת˻ȥװûˡ
⶯
ֳǸҲװ벻֪ôˣ
ѵûҾͲ
Ȼ
ͱȲ裬ҪҪȵ㣿

ɹձͺ˵ķǲһġ
˵Ƿӣձһǲεġ
ֻڵһɫ޵̺̺Ϸһķ˶ϯض
ʱϳ˷˼͹ӣһ裬Ǹõ̲衣
Ų㣬Ʈձ硣
óһ豭ڱλãһ
Ҳ˳ˡ
ԸоպǰһǸС¨ӣǻһһ硣
쵹ãһŲһֱ㶵ضŶԷͷϷ
ⲻ̵֪ÿˡ
Ϊ˵ˣʵûţǾȥ
סǧҲ
ţ̶ӶԲˡ
סˣվҲ͸˵㣬һȥˡ
ˣ
ˡ
װ̶
ɻû˵꣬ˡ
һ˸˳ȥ
̾ʧЦҡҡͷ

׷˱
ȥĶ
ȥĶ
ԶԶԣǱ
Сȭͷ濴źᣬʵˡ
㲻ҷԺҲˣ
ûס˵˾Ļ
Ȼ˵꣬Ҳǻˡ
Ͳ
ƵˣڵأҲ֪Щʲô
ֱ̾
СӻûԣǵҩΣ
Ȱʱ˵һ£еɵˡ
ҩµеͣͼİȻŮס


164 
λʵ̸ò˳
ʵվƳʵΪÿϾŰ֮Ρ
ȴԸ⣬վʱԷϣʵٶȻعǰ
ĴǰĮϸڸһλˢ١
ִٵ˼ͳһؾԺ͸ؽơ
ð׻˵ڵذһöӡ
ĺſԱλ֮ϡ
ôͲ̫ԸˣڸԼһ䣬Ļʵʱͨפڵص˼ǡ
ҲûֱӾܾϾˡ
ڽ֮ʣΪŮףδûлͽּʾ֮⡣
Ϣ˵Ӫض䶯ˡ
һŮԶвԭ֮ơ
ƽӪߣвӰĽڱǸһθߴӣֻȴ
ȻҪף
ĮĮĶ⣬ΪĵθŸʹǰһɾѫӵܡ
Ȼܱ˲ȻΪôҪһŮѡӵв˵ϾΪ͢£Щ
෴ףһжŵζ˸ܡ
ϢȻҲ֪ˡ
ɩɩרŵ˵һ飬ֳ±Ϊһʲôɾ
ˡ
֮δ¶档
һ°̼ˣһֺɸ֡
վӣɵСɰԼûס
ñ޸˰
ϲϲˣ͸ϲҲϲһŮ֮䣬ãûʲôõģ
ôˣѵ㻹߲ɣ
ҲСˣҲǸȢ޵ʱ򡭡
ձվͷ
𿴸Բѣ˵Լϲɶģʵϵ棬ɴӲɿڡ
ɿˡ
һʱ䣬״
ָˣּе⡣
治Ը˵ű˾ܳڣǷʰ
һͷ
زū÷ѽ
úúãҷ˱Ȣˣɱڣ
תߣ˭ײ
ˣ
յ
ģûҷ˵Ļɣ
ղ˵ʲôˣ
û˵ʲô
ôɩ˵ŻȥԺȴŸ˵Ļ
˱Ȣˣɱڡ
.
գˬơ
λӪеһƬյϣʱһ̨
̨֮ϣиС͸̨
̨ܵüߣĸ̨ʮ׵ľ룬汻˺˻εģһźµŮӣǱ
ɹһֱϰף˵ӻԼӱڲԭ϶Ǿ£ɹ˳ʵǿ󣬳ǿߡ
ʵյıףҲͦɹ˵ϰס
̨֮ϣԭľգںɴ֮£֡
̨֮£һڽжݱ
αףûʩһһǳսǲõĻս
ڻսʤС̨ߣΪʤ
һʼһ÷ȣɴŴžͷˣҳһ࣬ʱʱˣ׵ĵ̧ߡ
Ȼ˲Ҳɣ
Ȼⳡ趨ںˡ
ɹ˵䣬ƴȭţɹԲȭŹĺռš
ԴˣһŹۿɹŸ΢ʡ
ԹʵҲֻǳϵļԹŪⳡ׵Ŀġ
˼ұǳźʹȥģŪֳҲɷѿģɹӵܲˡ
ůůҲǺõģ˵ʻԼأ
һײ䣬ҲǼ¡

Ϊ쳡治һҲˡ
ƫλá
춼ǰû̫
ΨǴҪһλãһˮ˼ϵͣƫƫôһԷޡ
ؼеĿϣŮĽ޴󷽣Ŀ
ǳСôû˵𣿡
˵˵Ȼ㣬ٵ֮ǰСϲ̵ͨС˴ġ
˵幫ڲǹ
Ե޹ʲǹʲô϶Ǵ
𼱡
΢΢ͷ
ôܲ̨϶ˡ

ʱ̨ϣ֪ԼҰϧëģ³ˡ
ﲻ㣬ܶҲԼֻůą́ϵ˿ʼ٣ʣµľǾЩѫӵռࡣ
вճȺġ
ǻսҲûôؿɽ֪ǲУȶԸȺģŰðͷȽʣµپʤ˼
ʱ⻺߽һδ󺺣̨ȥ
Ǵɡ
˲֪˭ͼ֪
üôˣ
Ǵα֮󣬴ɾʹǰʧˣκܶ˶֪Ҳˣͼ˶֪
˶ΪǴ֮伣һ겻ʵûСǵõʱڵϣһʬһ죬Ǹ˾Ӹµؿ˵һ仰
ԼԼˣǱȻˣԺҲӮκˡ
ǣˣԺҲ䡣
˵һԶһֱʤ
䲻£µ˺վ
վˣʹٲһЩЦҲ޾壬ɸоԼ
˵ף˵Ǹսһ
֪Ǹһ

̨ڲˣͣһ˲һͲǵɹźӡ
Ҳһ˲Ͼʤ֮䡣
һߺߵ˲ţһ߲۲ˣͬʱڱľժӡ
ɹ˾ȻֱվǣҲ
Ȼ̨׵ģվŲʲô˼
ѵժӵģ
˶һۣԼ֣ͬͣͬʱΧ˹ȥ
кϷˡ
û˯ˣ¡
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ųڳԼǰˡ
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㲻Ҳˣû
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˼ȻûȻ˵ǺǺȴЦŵġ
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166 
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ȵʱӪ쳣Ѿץ߰˰ˣҲ˸ų
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ЩϸǱ֮Ŀ࣬ǸŶģͼУܲͼͼҲС
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鵽ͼܲͼͼȻ֪ܲ顣
˭֪Լﾹôزɲ˵Ķӡ
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168 
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һҲûϵز˾ЯôΪŻӪöԷͷܣ˭֪ñͷܵԼ
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ҿӲʱӦ˱ɢֹסƣ־һСսۣڴزӴܶȥ
ݱȵӪأǣ˾չա
Ӫ߹ڹ˳ˣᵽϡ
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Ҳûģڴϣ۾һҲ
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169 
ȱ˾ͻȥˡ
ǵձĴʲԶҲʮɵľ롣
һ·ϣһͷһۣҲû˵ƽʱǾԿΣƫƫ췢ˡ
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ˣǲҪΧңʲôʲôȥ
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Ҹɩɩһ㶼ңĴģҲò㣬ȻصԼձŮӿһѣ;òϰˡ
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һ֣ôһҿ̫˵⡣
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170 
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ʱɲʮְس屦ŻһЩСģ
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СӴȥıԼǰ̣Ȼֵ֧ġ
Ϊʱܸϣٸ˵󣬵Ͱݱ˼ˣ뿪˺ڳǡ
ͱ٣ڳݵİ֮С
ֱһ⳯͢


171 
غλĮأڴڼ֮أֱ˳֮Ϊ
˺ĮˮԴ֮һն˺֮С
ڲԭϣˮԴʹһУಿ䶼пˮԴڰغΧɽأΪĲ䣬಻ڴϢ
෴ΪĲ䣬ϲ
ڴ˵λ⣬ټϽʮɲ˲ϵźǨ㣬´˵ظȺӡ
ĮˣҲĮˣٲ˵ɲˡ
Ǿʹͨغһ֮ϡ
˳֮ÿغڳ£һνǧ⣬ѵһʢ
ʱλڱǵһϣһҺСɾӡʳȻ
Ϊλ˵Ǻ
ΪڱǣֻҪǺ˿ӣһۼ֪Ⱥӣ಻ôŵ
ͬʳԵʮ塣
ʱٽ磬ֵ÷ʱʳȴһ˶ޣģ˶һ
һɫƤͷƤñ꺺ӣƿ˽
˻δȵ
ϰûͰ˵Ҿ͸ѧѧңõĻţҲܶһЩˡ
ϰӹ̨һź߳
һģ˫ʮ껪Ůӡ
˴磬һ˫ü䣬˵һЦ㲻ôŮǿ
ˣۼҾһõĻƣ˵˲ڳҸɻأó֡
ƹ֣ûȥ⣬˲ʹˣ˵طˣƹЩҲûãɵʵڻ
꺺ǾɾӿҵĵһλˣҲǸ͡
˳ϰ壬ԼҲ˼ӣھﲻԶһϣëƤġ
Ǹˣӹģƹһڴ⣬ƽʱҲû˸ڸҾ¥ʳԵ㣬һ١
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Ѱʳ¿˼ʳ̧žͽˣ֮ͳ˾ɾӵĳͣһͶ
˴ˣȻˡ
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ϰɷϰβ˵űԹĻȴЦŵġ
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ԸȣҲżǻЩӼˣⲻãͼϴ
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񿪵Ӷ̣˲֪طӾˣȻӯ
ϰ˵˾ԣһ߸Ų˵ǣۼڵĿˣ඼ǻͷ͡һ͵ģżˣԵʲô
ô죬ůˡ㿴㣬ôˮġ
ţš
.
ӣٶڹ̨һź
ϰֻ֪鲻֪ɻˣһϿ飬ˣһ˫۾ĵؿ
˲˵ɡ
ȥһۣһɫ֮Уž׾
ȻĶԻˡ
µһۣ΢
źǳ
˵ǳҲ̫УΪһ䣬һǽļϣ̳ӡ
аһ裬ܷЩ֮ĳʳиСӣһ衣
Ҳ飬ۡ
ĳۡ£δַ£ǽطŽ˻
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һǴȹǵģһš
ϰ忴˵㣬ʵ´θòˡѵһλͣһٿһӦùˡ
ϰ󣬵Ҳ󷽡
ǵϵĲˣᰴǮӣǡ㡯һ㶼Ĳܷӡ
һΣϰӡ
˵ǸֵǮ
ĿˣȻضԴ
ÿ֮ǰȻҪ硣
ϣװС룬ݸ
֮׾޳֣ϣĨĨһ
ôζ졣
ڼ䣬Ѿֻһ¹ˡ
Գͣٵζϡ
Ϲǣתͷš
ͲֻСϲһ㶼ãӦöˣҲ㻹ҪҰæ
⻰̨һͷջСϲӡ
׾մһĨңԹ
ջǲã͸ջִӲǵðɣ
˵Ÿ̾˿Ҳ֪Сˣʲôʱܵ
Ӧٹգ͵ˡ
.
ջغڳûãӭ˳͢
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Ϊ˺ͬʱ̨
̨Ǹܵ˵֮ͬǰϺӰʾרŸƹĮ˵ġ
ҲˣΪ߽Ϊ̨߽
˼壬Ǹ̨ԷĮٶҡ
ʱ̨裬ٷϴˣز䱻ˣûбĮ
˽ӵֻٶ뿪ڳǣ̨
פһжг֧֣͢һвѣҲʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ѵδ뿪ĮزԼĮʳ̽ݵɲˡ
ȲЩɲˣǨѾãϲδɲٷ˻ƽǳףʱ޷
Įزȴü޵һղһվ͵õĮӡ
ǡɾڴʱ[ͻȻˡ
гԼǼ⣬뿪ڳǺһЩ顣
ԭڸ񲢷ĮˣĮزˣֻǶĮһͳƣǰزֱ֮Ϊߴ̡
ڸڵһֽк˶ز丸Ͷͼ뺹˵죬ڸСĶӡ
ܹĴ󲿣С
˹Ĵ֮һ
ΪӹĴ˹ͻȻ𣬴Ϊ׵ĺ˶ز֮λɱڸĸס
ʱΪ˱ڸ񲻵òڸϲӵİ£թ룬;Ϊ䵽˷˺ڳǡ
[֮뿪ڳǣܴһԭ֪ڸݡ
뿪ڳǺ󣬾ǱĮһЩ˶زĲдɲͼƷ˹
ĿǰδʲôЧز֮ԱܺĮûΪ·жˡ
[ԼڱǼ棬ƺ֮⣬Ȼδ˵ϵ¾Զ
ΪҪԼڱǣ
ҪΪغǡɾͺĮĮĽ֮Ƭطɲ˾ӪãӴ󣬴˹һֱɲ
ڵڸͨƬǰĮѣõİ취档
ǵΨһɲͳϽΧĳǳأ˵Ⱥӣװ롣Ҳ͸Ϊװͨ˷ޣ˿ʳԭ
Ϊ;ײʣ޷ȷԼʱ䣬Ȼˣװڴţصȡ
ȻҲǺ޺ֻ֣ǡ
ڱǱɫӺϵһСϣѾһ֧ľӣ


172 
һɰ⣬һ˿š
Եϰ̾ζ
ʳͨͨͰɵĶͷ
ϰ廹Ӷͷ̫ڣѵԲͷ
˭֪Ե壬öͷպӰһַζ
Ľʳﱻһɨ⣬ʣ
ϰʱһӣֱ̾˵ԼҪôȥĻźܿͻ᳤֡
ϰ壬ҲǸóԷʱˣСϲȥԷ
СԲ˽
һͬĻһڰ䡢࿴ͦĴ󹷡
СԲǰؽһ
˶СǲȥҪȥưԼģ
ɵܵܺﹷ̣Ҳˡ
ǸסҵСͺͶɲҲӣĲᳬꡣ
ʳŴ֣ȴһӣҳкܶס
Ҳס֮ҵ꣬Ϊ滹һСլӣȱסĵط
Դ󣬸ܿ͸ס̻ϤͬʱҲʶһȺС顣
ǾԼһˣôסֻҪ߳ӣҲºӶÿÿúܷ裬˲УǾԲġ
ŪˮССϴϴȥȥһд磬ǰͷԷ
ΪϰʳʱҲˣ˳Щһˡ
Сϲȥ緹˳ϰ¡
Ŷɳˡ
ֹһɺҲˡ
СС;Ե쳣صĴӣ΢΢̾˿
뵱Сʱ򣬶һӣԴܵܣһСͣͷﹷ̡
ãҲĴˣֻڼ顣
Ȼ˵ôã̫ˡڸ뷨͵ĺͯ͸ĴƤ
ȳԣȥյķ˳
һայվˣβҡܿӰ
˳ĴͷЦʲôУԷһ߰ɣϺͷ
ίǸʲôУǲŴСﹷӮ˰
ϧղ˵ʹ˵˵Ҳ֮ԡ
Ϊ㱻ˣǲڸȱߣùͷ䣬Ǹǰһͺġ
⹷ʵЩˣΪë̫ïԵʣ߶ˡ
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͸ȻװͲ˴̫ˡ˴СϲӣƽʱտĺӣȻȺˡ
ڱʮֳǵ˼ΪҪĻ飬ÿǳ˻ȫ
ȥ⼸˻ĹʵǿɲҪʱҲǸ
ѹտĺ׼Ϊ˲ע⣬һƽʱǰ¶档
֮һͬģǵ緹
⣬ôˣһ㸣Լʲô͸˳ʲô
ʳҲãæù
ǵģʳⲻã񸣶ƽġ
֮ǰԼⶼû뵽Լֵʧ֣ϰ˵ĺãż
ʵżŹ֡
ȻҪ˵żҲԣӦʧ䣬Ͼһֱߵ˶ռΪ
û뵽󣬷ûﵽԤڡ
.
ð緹ȥ˯
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ʵʳⲻãܴԭΪ˼ЩС
Сʳĵطƫƫ¥ļǮ
ס಻ʲôǮ˼ңԷģʹżҲһܳһء
ɾӲ˵ˣû˵óԵģΨһȴľǼ۸
ϾϰǮģмˣ
øۣҲǾԲеģ̰ᣬŷˣѾʳĵϰߡ
ͱȷ˵ţ⣬ȻҪţ¸һ⣬ڱҾ¥ⲻ⣿ţ⣬ڸⲻС
Կ֪Ϊļ۸񽵲ˡ
ΪʳĵĳɱͲˡ
ʳʱڴ˰죬ŵóһеļ۸
׬׬Ĳࡣ
ۣζҪⱾ׬ߺȡ
䲻ãÿ첻ǼˣҲڡ
ָǣƽջͨ˼㣬ԵǴֲ赭
Ը˵ȻǲܵģֻƽʱӳԵʲô֪ƽʱڳԺϴӲԼ
ǾͻҲָǮο
ôУҿ꣬ǱȻҪǮģʲô
˵ţϺͷ˯ȥˡ
ţһ˯һ롣
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ĺôһƺ
ЩæˣѵУҲѵ鵽
ɻСʱʱڿƾ٣ĴɿǸŸĸԹġ
׷ºϺŸĸǧڹԺǰڹ̯Ҳڴǰ״
ȵɳʱѾԶһˡ
Сڹɹ£СĴ£ȥӱϺ
ԴۣȥСˣ
һ磬ð緹
ȥЩˡ
߶ɺɻڳԷСҪԵһЩǱԺѾˡ
СϲȥţСһ
ɡ
ˡ
СһҲˣһһӣʹȥˡ
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ˣȥˡ
Դɵһ쵽ڼͯ
ɿЦ
ҲǾڼû¸ɣж顣
Ѿһж࣬ʦҲŶӶ顣
ҲܶӴ𲻴ӦȥԺ
ȰѲг׼ƤƤһСϳ
˵ϳҲ׼ȷΪϳһŸǵĴӣСùһֻߡ
ǸǺ󣬸ѧģʱڳҪô󳵣СһֻҲ͹ˡ
ԣŮС˳˼ţųˡ
ˣǵķһ㶼ûżΪ˹Է
.
լӵġ
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ͲжӲ򣬿ϧûУҺڳǵĶӲҲͲôԶĵط
ֶӲ˵һ⣬ϧѡ˿ʳҲǶӲ̫ߵˣڳǵĶӲˣɱ߶
Ӳ˺׺ͺڳǻϵȺţҲΪθûѡӲ˵һԭ

Ȼϣ̯϶Ǹࡣ
ţɽȣǵصز㡣
ֱڰغ٣ѵһζ䣬㼴ʹ첻ԣҲỵ¶죬ܱü¡
ƽʱǲģΪ֪㶼ֲģ˺ܾõġȴվڱ̯ǰԲһ㡣
ȻѾСļޣԸҲûԼŪȥС͵ʳȥȥ˺Ȼ˽ˡ
ŴɣϹһȦɢɢණװڲС
֮ĸӶ˾ͻȥˡ
ȥʱʳѾˡ
ӭ˳
ôô㣿
׶ôЩģʱԸǮֲģҲԸֱ㡣
㲻˵ҽ𣿽ǲܽ۵ģǾ˵ĳʳ
Щʲôʳ
ûֱӴ𣬶˸ӡ
СϲԵġ
⣺СвϲԵģȷ˵ʲôԡ
ǵϱʲô񶼲ᣬҲŸѧˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
Բ
.
ԲⶫѣֻҪⶫģ֪ô
ĺóȴѡ
ԴζȲУ˳һأԲۻҲס
ͺӣһžǺܲ
ԲֻҪ⣬ͷһŲҪ
ĵǼõģֻת£Ѿˡ
ȥͷǲӣͷԸԡµ򱻷ڰϣס
ҲҪʽ
СϲӰ죬ֻܰĴҷɣڱϿˣˣͻ
ǽĴƹûп飬Ƕ˰ס
׶ãǵζ
ԲȲȣҪⲽһͬʱҲϵ֮ԲܲۻǸԶֵġ
׺ǼԲ
һͬ򵥣Բι״ģԲԲֹ⻬žϲˡ
Բˮ߳죬Ϳͣˡ
ֻһԲһ˲ͬڵġ
˵зԲϧûзʳҲȻһԲʮֳԷ

ԲԲúȵ
ܾԲζܱʡ
ܶ˶ϲԭԭʳףʵףδԲζõ׵Ƶĸ
üѼǼȣסԲˮ죬һף΢΢һЩ֮һлɡ
ʵøãټƬҶãϧطҶѵá
.
ϰ嵽ˡ
˳ָһԲ
򵥵İ״룬ˮԵеԲۿɰŴлĴ̣˲ѷġ
Բ
Цϰ岻ԹϱⶫڱɲϷѰ
ѰƺѰϰɫ
֪ˡ
ϰҨһ
ţιҧһڡ
ȶã˾죬Բҧ󣬲ʵĵģǬ
۾ûѾоˡ
Ĵ㣬ֶһ˿Բʡϰ⧲ӳʵѾԽȥһ
Ҩһҧûԣǵͷꡣ
׵ԲڶȴǳȻɫģѵǡ
ǹзԲ
ζȴЦϰ֪зԲȻʶ㣬ɲǹзԲϰٳ
ٳҲǹз۵ġ
ʱֵطз
ϰһ㳢ζˡ
Ϲϣ
ЦЦʲôͲܸϰˣǼҴգϰֻܳŶԿھС
˵õҲǡ
һ԰գϰȣ̾ƽ񶵣ԡ٣Ȼϰ˵ǰػ֮һλĹзԲûзȴзζϰǺգհ
ϹػٴһݣЦʡ
ϹأٴһݣܲϰˣĻƲܰɡ

ϰ룬һװʳԲˡ
һߣСϲڰʳҲŰж
ʳʵֻ䣬ûж򿪣ֻм俪һţϻһƤӵ硣
Ȼ򿪣ȻǴġ
ʱСϲӺѾִ֣ѴŰطʰˡ¯ӺͰҲŰںãȻŲۣʱٸҲ١
ȥһΧȹСϲӴϡ
㲻ջˣһԲ̯
Сϲ黨СΧȹᡣ
ô죬Ű̯Ҳˣһ룬
ȥ˿ľ塣
д˼֣Բġ
˼Ҳһ롣
ҲвһģڵҪ㣬ڷϰԵ֣Ǹרģ
Сϲӣתͷ˵
˵Ϲ𣿡
°͡
ҿˡ


173 
һߣϰصһֵӺȻиĻơ
ȴûнеĳʳݸƣǽ䡣
¸Բ˸ʳУԼҲ»ѣӵ̺ųȥˣʱѾһů
ڳһ߹հƣͣһۡĺš
жԱϤ˱֪ǳ
λǳһֱʮء
缫֪˭ֳʲôֻԱǳƣΨһΪ֪ıǣλǸˡ
Ȼ󣬵ڵλ⣬´˵߻ӡ
һ㴦ܵĵطﶼʮֻңǲżϸĳǹ档
Ȼϸֻº鷸֮ˡ
ͨˣֻҪ㰲ؼڳܵõûеı̣ÿֻøһ˰𣬱㲻õڳİȫ
ҲȺͬ⵽ͱ總һЩɲ˹Ͻĳǳأƫɲ˵ġ
ֻڹ̵ĺ˼ΪѺá
ö֮ﾹ˸֮һ
ڴ˵ʮ꣬û˴⣬඼顣Ϊǳһ֧ǿĻӡ
˰Ҳȫƾ֧ػ
ֹԼ֧ӵǿǸǺıˣֻϧλӲǰ¶档
˵Ǹˣ˵Ǹˣ
ƺ˶꣬Ҳʹ˶ꡣ
û˼Ŀ
λϰ壬ƺͳʲôϵÿδƳԵĵĳʳҲƺΪ
ѵеֻ֮ˣ
.
صϰϡ
ԳƺʮϤһ·ᳵ·һԺǰ
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¶һصЦݡ
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ֶ룬ҨһԲι˵ߡ
ҧ˰ڣ׽
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þûԹôϷζԲˣ뵱ꡭ˻˵е£Ҳ;ţʱ¶ధ֮ɫ
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кĿģ
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СϲΪһһԲѡ
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186 
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ʺֻҪһ뵽װűҩʱţͶӵĶԻȻöɱһ߳ŭС
߳ŭֹһ
뵽ʺ޺޵һš
ϧûɹȣס֫
룬ôޣϰɣ޵ģȻҲӣҲ᲻ҪǺޣ᲻
ۿڽгʱʾ͸Ͻ˶ˡ
˵ˣԼ
ʱֻʣ˶ˣذҲԽԵ
⻹Ҫһʺеŭڶ
֪˳۵Ļ˵ȻʮٸҲֻܵ塣
ҵ껹ˣ
ʺ΢̧°ͣǾӸ˵ʱƲԷ
ôһ
΢΢ЦһʱǱһʱӸĸ֮˳ӻʿͻ飬ɻ׳롣ȴĸԸΪһµġ
ĻḧŻʺ΢͹Ķӡ
ɲˣ
ʱǶλɱɷǿȢСӣ۵Ŀ̫ˣܵλûڻʺϵķѵ˼ࡣ
ôˮʯĥ룬˽ʮʱ䣬ʺԸ⻳ӡ
⻰ʺըëè
㻹˵˭Ļε£Ҿ֪̫ҽˣ
̫ҽˣʺʮꡣ
Ϊһõ̫ҽҲ㻨˲˼ѡ˸û۵ˣȴû뵽ŵˡ
õıҩǽ̫ҽ
ҩ۵ҩҲǽ̫ҽ
ĻˣʮҩװȻ֪װǴѲͻ֮ԣһģԸҪˡ
ʵǹġ
öԲԽԽֱԼ˱ҩ
գթĻʺ
ǻӣʺҲΣЩ²ˣϣ֮ŵλ֮¡
ȴû뵽ֵһӡ
ҾգթĻҲΪ㡣
⻰ɹûʺֹס
˺һ޷ƫҪ
Ҿ㲻ҪҲΪ㡣
۵һȻ֮ɫޣ˵ҲͰգֻڻʺϸš
ʺˣӿ
ң˵飬һ˵˶ȥˡ
˵ٹ
ˣҪȥ
㲻ǻûꣿ
˵ţ۽ʡ
ʵսľشһͷ
ȥ˵İ
һлָԭŮ˵ٶ̨ϣϵģҲҡݸ͸λ
һ죬˵ٶȿʼϻؼ˵
ʵֻ뿼¸ˣҰ˭֪Ȼװɵ
á
.
Ҳװɵ
ǽˡ
һ˼ˣÿһν񾭣ʱ̵Īһ塣
ʵôû
͵ģԼõģվ
ҸҲѻλ͸˵̽ǿǻλǧŶھͻȥǲǰ湦򶼰׷ˣ
˵̽
̫£Ѿĸ߶ȣȻôˣȻĵ
ʲôʱܲ죬ʲôʱܲ죬Ƿֵú
ô죿ͻرǣ
Ѿ˵ҪĮ£飬ֻҪǱߴкߡ

ȥ£ûô򵥡
ʹ۲˵ʲôҲʲô۶ӣʺǶҲ֪һ
ȻҪȥ
Ϊ̵£źֽգڶĮ¡
Ҫȥͻȥɡ
ʵѾ˻ʺ׼˭֪ﾹȻʮƽ⵹Щ졣
˵öԣж︣ЩǸ÷ˡ
ǵʺ󽲹£ŮСӹʱ˵Ļ
ţ󻨾ǹ̫̫ܵСӣŻóµΡ
ڴϵﶼˣû˿ԿˣֻܿԼ͹Ҳú
˵˭֪ǲǹ̽ĻúܣԶҲáʺֵһ㶼ܻڶϱǰ۵Ķ̡
ǻ㾡Ŀ
𿴻ʺû֣ƺǰûʲôʵƷǰµĿ
ʺû֣ʺ󲻰ˡ
ǰǷҲãҲãŭ󳳴ֶãģڻʺȴûôںˣȥȥҲôš
һΣɻô
.
һ뿪˾ǡ
뿪գŭǳȴ޿κΡ
յĻʺֵÿϷߵöԣ͸֪Ƿ¶ܾƿ֮С
Ȼһ˱ǣ֮ȥ˺ڳǡ
δ꣬ںڳǡ
˵Ĳǿջ裬Ҳչ˵ʹӺϴ˴ࡣ
ȥĵһ£Ƿ˳誡
һ誣ȥ˺콨
֪﷢º£ڴĸԸܡ
Ҳ¡
磬ûǶԵģָǸ̽ǵǲٶŬꡣ
ٶĻû˵Ϊ֪š

ʮ£ʺŮ
۴ãͬ죬¡
ܳĹģû죬ͱۼ˹ķš
Ҫ֪ķŷּȣͨľԹΪ⣬ܳڳԺ󣬻ԹΪš
Сķ࡯ͬ˴Ĺţ֤ж࿴
ٿأҲǸǲܼ̳лλġ
۵ҲСˣûм̳ˣʺҲСˣٴ
ǾСûãдٴʴ֮£֮¡
ߣҲ
һޱһղ
⣬Ҫһλʴ
.
ÿθЩ󳼴һ̣۾;ԼҪټꡣ
̫ѨԪ
˵ǰҲûͨͽȥˡ
ȥ󣬵һƬž
һ·߹հƣߵ޵
Сˡ
˿޹⣬в˹ĵ
߽ȥۿʺͼŮվڴǰſŸСޣС
µСſڴϣƴ̧ŲӣСͨġ
ʺվڴǰҡŲɫĲ˹Ķ̧ͷ
ʲô
һˣһڹŮæ
ʺ̫ҽ˵Ӥ¾̧ͷˣڶᣬ̫ҽ˵
ԻʺӣŮ̧ͷ
СһʵڿۿžŮ۵ÿ꣬һͼֲסˣһͷڴϡ
Ҫǰ
ӭһ˹Ъһ
żʲô˳Ȼͺáü
Ӳˣܷѧ߹ѭܽʵҿǲᣬ̫ˡ
Ӥʵ¾ܿ
ЩӤӻӲϲĴ̺˶ˣϲ˹ģϲɫķ糵רŪҡžŸ
ˣͲԸתͷˡ
춼һڵģǸӤ˿ɽӡ
ⲻʺͼˣ뷨ӸŮĸġ

˵һŮ۰ѽ쳯ϵ˵˵
ʺһ£Ͱˡ
ȥĶ
˵ֲãҪôǵģɼӽӡ
۴ĻҪȵ죿
ʺҲӲ磬װɵ
˵ʲôǲģǰң£ȥﳯƽңԸ񣬿϶Ҫڳ֡ǰ´ȥ˸Ǳߺ⣬Ǹкĵһ󴬳
ֵʲô
ʲôʲô
ЩΡ
Ǹ˵ġ
ʺҲҸ˵Ҳģĳӣʲô϶ֻʵ۲֪
ѵ㲻ȥˣҼǵʱ˵ȥĵطȥϵĺ÷⡭
ʱǻʺ껹ڹûʱ
ͽ빬͢ʱСҲʲôգ˾һлһҪȥϿ
ȥɹţʺ޳̫ʹΪʺһӶû߹ȥԶĵطǳе¡
ѵȥеĽˮţݡݡݡ
ʺ˵Ľϸ
۷Żȴ֮ǰҽ뾩˵Ҫ׼ﳯƽңұĽڣǲᡣּܲ뾩Ҹʲôڡ
ʺʱѹ
ǻʵۣ뾩ҿ϶Ҳв
ôܽвĸס㿴ͷˣһ廹Ӳʣȥһνϡ¸˵ǰֿ꣬ʼˣ̫ҽˣ˵˲ٲʵӲʣǶǱģʵ򡭡
˵̾˿ߵһԵĵ¡
ڼԿȽЩһԵЩӲߡ
ʺ֪ģһܹˣƽʱõʱ򣬿ŲԣһɲԿ
˺ǿǰ¶ȼǰǸҪӣȲѣʵ֧š
˵˶࣬ʺҲ֪Ǽٻϵ˰̣ҲͿϰԺŲĿġ
ڻСȥϣôСҲˡ
ǻҪ׼ģ׼ˣҲһˡ
ǡ
̾˿Ҳ֪һܻꡭ
л˵
ۣҶˣûңû˰


187 
ʺﲡأ뾩
꣬һӦթ
ⲻǸʲôϷɣ
֪˵ԼϷҪ
ʵһӦҲթǣĸ˵ĸأӲҲӲܡ
ĸģ˳誣ִҡ
ܺͻʺ˽ϵ͸֪ŵԴûɣΨһɵľǻʺϢʵԡ
ʺӹһֱҲûಡͣȴ˵꣬յһӡ
ʺ֮ʵһ̥һ̥˳û˵ʺҲ㶪ڸ׵˺ܴӰ
ĸ᲻Ϊʲô⣿
뵽֮ǰСº󣬾ؾּ⣬ȴԼˡüԽԽ
һ׼ؾһˣһ㲻ȥ
ʱ˼
ʲô۶ӣһȥҲûʲô֮ǣϴϼҴڣʲôйǡ
עⰲȫҪһ𣿡
Щ㲻ܣξͲߺ·ˣߺ·һЩ

ߺ·ʲô׼
֪˼׼ְϣҲĵںڳӡ
Դһ˻صڳǺɾͿʼүѧ
ɿûϲûСʲôԣѧһӣ;Լˣʼɹ
Ϊүӻ˺ܶҲ游ϾүҲСˣԲꡣ
Ϊ˸ÿ飬̶ȥүѧ䡣
ϰ
Ȼࡣ
ɵôģʱҲôСΪӣÿӲ¡
Եÿп࣬Ϊˡ
ĸ䣬仰ʵȫԣΪӶˣǶġֻ˵ѧûôӣѧȻҪ֮ҡ
ѧҪЩҪӣϰڼǱȻҪϺõҩܰˤµİ
Щ˲Щֻ֪ĽǸտʼܼЧܿ죬ɳİ˲ȥʹһ׳ֵ׳ʱֲ۲
֮ǰһڱǻزʱСľϰ䣬ʱѧôǳʲôġ
ʱүӾ˸˸ӣǵøӾ͸һء˻үŪҩȷ󣬻裬ÿϰ󣬶ҪŪһΡ
ԭҲү˵ǺãǾǺá
⻹ֻǸһ棬ѧҪѴҪԺúȺá
ԺúȺãɲͨ˼ܸģүӻ˵Ҫ⣬⡣
ܳ洢ڣܹģ͸֧
ͱɣСġ
ȴ绹С꣬ȴܲѴ֮ѴɱˤϣŴ˵ʣүӶĴҲġ
ÿҪ뷹ҪԺܶ⡣ʳø죬үȴ˵ԣø౸Щԡ
үӵ˵ãǲ⣬ţ⡣
Ϊʵʵ游ϰ䣬Ҳ㻨˲˼ÿڿ˼ԡ
СԻڴԸԼһָôóԵķϣҲʵԸʵʵ䣬Ҳˡ
ʱúܿ죬תۼ͹һ¡
ڼ˸͹ţ˵Լ̫ԶһҪ죬ܶʱϢӳٵġ
죬յļ顣
˵Ǹˣĸֱˣ˵涼ûսͱһȺ󳼶ˣ˵˴λگ飬ѻλ˵һ޾ǻ
žʹȻֹ

ҲУ
.
λھĹٵϣһӡ
ӳȥĸ˼ҳС
ϸϸ۲еļҶͻܿӲͬѰ
ͨĺƽʺǾôУ
ôУ
Ϊʵ۵ۣȻʺһЩ·ǻλǸӲ׸
һӣЩִ
ǣλҲǡ
Ǹ̰Ȩ֮ˣȴһٱۣǱԼĴͻ󣬱Ĵ͸ˣǱԼλᡣ
ıΪûԼĶ
İ֮ڲ࣬˻ԼĺӣѾ롣
ӣ
ӣͲΪǸλö
ڻʺ˵ҲִΪָԭʱԼִ
ߵ񣬷̫࣬мĿҲ̫࣬иЩЩƲȥġ
ȡһɽΪһġ
ĻʣһĤǰǸλãǲĤ֮¡
£ܿԷҹˣ
ʺȻ۵˼
ǸλԶƲĽᡣ
̰ȨֻиֻҪһ첻⿪һû취׷ſԼķ
û뵽ˡ
ǧͷȴ֪˵
ȥݣ
۵ͷ˿չ֣Цˣһָֻ˹ȥ
á
.
ͬʱȴ
ĺ
û뵽Ǹ˱ɣʹ
ڹȺǣҲס
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
˵°ɣѰˣ׵һλҪ˵һ߸ʹȥ֪治ˡ
ǰô䣬һɨա
ʧİ
ûУ
ֻǰѰˣؽ˹
һˣŬʮ꣬ʮΪգΪȼսԼִ
˭룬ȱ飬ٱ̽
֮ǰܾۣΪҲΪˡ
ֻ̫ԣ˶ûˣһĶܿ
ƣδĳһ죬˼գȡķʽҲ۳Ըһڶ
˭֪ϵԷᡣ
ֱ»λˡ
ؼ绹ܲӣͱڶˣ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôã˰죬һ䰲֮ʡ
ʵҲûôɩӲõˡ
ﲻ˵ÿЩ紵ݶġ
˼ûôҰģ뷨ֻҪһƽƽͺá˲һҰб
һ£ֻҪһƽͺã
ʮδۡ
ıģһСʳһӰҵɡ
ȴòΪʮշתؼΣΪڿ˼׬Ǯῴ˱ҲòؽϣȴòΪַѾ˼
żõ£Ȼ˵Ҳ뵽
뵽֮ǰﵣĵòˣѧŸҪԼúڼ޸̾
ҲĶ̾ǹɻĪûˡ
ʱһ΢ĽŲͻȻ
ǲʡ
Сضһڵ̣󻹸żεС̫ࡣ
£ʱ쵽ˡ
ʱûѲʴߣϾﻹҪʴһЭȥ졣ߵˣǻһ죬ҲҪȥӵġ
Ȼû˵˴֪
̾˿վ쿪˫֡
¶ϲɫæǰȥ¡
.
ʮ£ǻ
ŶǴģԻΪš
Ϣغڳǣһ˶Ĭˡ
ЩĴ㣬ʵ˶ٻ֪ģδ뾹ַʽͳˡ
Ҳã꣬иүЩ̾
µ۵ǻȻҪ͹
ʱֻүӡ
ΪүǷ⹫
뾩ĲиʹǣԼĶڸҲҪ
һ˰ֱˣʰң·
ȵ˾ǣѾʮһˡ
ǰ׼õģڻʹϡ˺һ˾ֱס˶ͼҲʱš
˵˵ˣ޶
ҲˣӱͶӻġ
һ˼˵ʱѾˣҲû
֮ʱмֹֻǵʱæڼӵİ٣Ҳûʡ
ֱٴ֪ô¡
ԭµ۵ǻٵľƹܳԼˣԴǻæת
»ûæգдԱ¼ѵǻΪ࣬¹ѡ¹Ůһò汸Ʒ֮ˣΪʺ
֮˵üΪ飬һͨʲôΪǬΪĴƪ۵ض˵ƺϽ󣬾ڼҷ
ȫȻȢ޶ʱѾĸӵʵ
ʱ˾ǲعͷˣͷҲϳͷ
תйڸԴ˵Ϊµ껹̫ʱĹŮ̯һͬѵ꣬Ծӣʵûоĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ȻȻΪޡ
ҲǴʱſʼҵģ˶λϳظͷˡ
Դȴ˼̬
ǣҸؿλظϴǰ桮ԡټҹŮ
ʶԼ֪ˡ
ֲñ˸߹ٺ»ֻܸں˼ҽźͼıλľ֡
һظΪʵźλȥġ
ҸʶȻ߰Ʋϻˮ
Ǻλλ
Լܳʺ󣬰긻󶼲óˡ
Ѿ˴ͷˣ¹ܲºλҲûʧ˵̯Լͷأ
ͳϿν


188 
ΪĵܵܣȻּ
֪ͽһЩµģ˵ͽǻʺӦ۴͵Ļ顣
Щƫƫ˵ǲ񣬲Ϊޡ
ʼЩΪ˻ʺ֮λˣȻʵɺܿʶһ⣬λõ˶ɵĸ˾û˵ֱһͱƵĻ
ǾֻһܣҲͽ׵ʱȷʵڡ©Żᱻץס©ԡΪɡ
뵽ǣȻǴͻ飬ӦдͻʥּʥּʲôⶼԽˡ
ؾʦٴܴʵ۴ͻ飿
죬һⷿΪٵˣæһ鵱ʥּĵױ
һʥּ£ⷿױģҲǻһĳĳĳշһʲôʥּʲôݣպġ
˭֪˺ŷ֣겢ûзһŴͻʥּ
پ֪ӿܾͳˡ
ܶԷ֪ûдͻʥּŸԡΪͼıλ

Ҫ֪ͻ£˵Ҫ˵ʵûôҪʵۡʺ̫λϵƷԸ˴ͻ顣
ʱһ仰¸˭˭˭ͻˡ
ˣ˶֪ˣȻſȥ졣
ֻ˵ΪҪͳϣŻ䷢ʥּҪԡ˵ĳĳӴͻ˵ɹĳĳ޹ȥ˭˭˭
ʱ͸ĴǱȦڶٱ֮ǰǱ¸˴ͻˣȻִٲ˸
£ֻпͣûʥּ
ҪۻڣʵҲ򵥡
ԼµĿͣ϶ǵá
ۣŶڸý̫ϻˣ̫ϻʺˣ˭Ҳ֪Ķ
ܱЩ˾ץס㣬Żֵһ
ͬٵ磬ƺһ㶼ġ
˵Ƕٺзھھ飿
ĹλǾ԰ʹӶƷĹΣʱھǷ˵Ʒˡ
һʥּΪͳƣǷֵϸһ㣬ҪΪگơھ뷡ͼ֡ƷһƷΪھƷΪӷƷ
ھ˵ķ˾ھ飬ų͢ϸΪ޵ݡ
Ըһ㶼š
㣬㲻ǰйְӣ˵񰸡
.
Ҫ˵񰸡ǻҪ׷ݵԪᳯʱˣʱһʿΪʮ꺮һ˽ʿ
񲻹ᣬ˳Ҳһ˲ţͱʦˣΪ
ȢʦŮ󣬷޶˵Ҳ
ʱ»һμѻƫƫʱ˱ʵڼ绹ԭ䣬ͣȢ˴ɷ
ԱȢȾʮ˽ļáȢ֮죨ڣ
ͨ˵ͣȢʲô౻˴ʹֻҪŮŻţʵʲô¡
ڳ͢˵Ǵ
ʵ򶪹٣͢¼á
µˣ䱾ǳȥģǳҲʦ
ڳһṥڦֶΡɹˣǣˣٸһñӣ
ͱ˿ˣŮͣȢ֮ӣҲʦŮҲĺϷԣ͢ɡ
ΪͲޣȴ屨͢õķ
֮Խ֯Խ󣬵󾹷չ۾ˡ
ʱֵͦģҪ꣬˭֪˼ҲǶڳΪϳǵûֽţͨŮ˹ʡ
ԵڼȢ֮ޣޣǼгΪɵΪɣ˶ԷĹڦ
õֶΣǲ񣬲ޡ
ƾġ񡯣Ȣʱûл顣
Ҫ֪о䣬ÿȢ޶л飬ϾʶֵռЩϰҲ֪Ҫԡ
ƶԭǸС壬˼Ȣޣû˵ǰһ񣬸ĸ׶֪˾С
ɴӳ͢ɷֻ͢ϻġ
һϻо˫֮ʱƸޣԼ˫֣ĸȵȡ
պ˹˾ƾΪ֤
ȷ˵Ů޹ȥñ򲡹ˣŮǿзҪŮױģʱҪԻ¼ļױΪֻ֤˫»飬һڻ飬ֻҪŻȥ棬һһ׼
ˡûл顯ӣ񲻳ΪɣԭĺϷԣ֮Ϊ檣ⳡڦ
ʵ˶֪Ǹԭܾԭ䣬ȷʵͣȢ
ûл飬˵ʲôûãΪɷֻϻ顣
񰸡͸²̫ͬǲģЩͼıλȫáΪɣھĺϷԣٽظΪ޵ĺϷԡ
󣬸ֱ۽硣
˵Щٵģôôۣʲôܱã
ٿЦ㣬ǵٵģҿûô
ƳһۣûѧǸô£һֱв׼檵Ĺأ㵹ã͵͵˸檣
һ£ٵɫʱ
㣬ܡ
ƺҲֿ֪Ըûãǻ檣ɵġ
Ǵϣ
Ŀһתˡ
һᵽϣٵɫÿˡ
ˣҲ֪˵ʲô
Ͼô£֪Ҳöԡ
뵽ͬΪŮӣֵǼȻǷޣȢҲԸȢġȻȢҪԵ˼ңǼҿɲҸĺղ˵Ǹģǧѧ˵˾Ͳ٣Ǹûÿϰա
³á˽㣬Ȳ˵Щզ죿
զˡ
ɡ
ֹγ˼
ĶƱģλͬ뷨ȻҲͬˣ˵Ϊ˵õӵͻʺ󣬻߶ɼ빬
Ը˵ʲô¡
ˣģҡҪôҾʹŴǻؽȥһھǣԸզզ
.
˵ʱʵݻ˯żСһ
ѵģȻɡ
һѶҲˣȻԲԲҲˡ
ԲԲ˾˵ֿס졣
硭
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193 
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