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һ ӻصǸ֪˵֮ ԵɺȢ֪Ϊޣʼ˳֮·
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 1 
θոԽԽǿ
ӰŴؽԼԼҪٲԷͿһˡ
Ѿ֪ԼĴˣϾɵķݣӻ̲סؿڷƣڲǾЩʱ
ƾļ䣬ܼªһ̨ҲһԱչޣиӣе
ͳؿڵԿףӴ򿪹ӷһ£һ棬һСİ棬һƿ׵ͣһм
ʵڶˣҲŪӵģöлҪģ˼
Щ꣬һֱǻģ˵󼦵ûʲôĻ̨ûù˺ܾòȼ
ȼԺӿٵĸԼ˼
һ˲䣬̲סʿˮҲ˲̣˴Ȳ
¶ֽˣһǽϡ
̨Ļ棬ֻòٵСĸ˫԰ټҷ󣬺òзгдͱײ˴Խʮ
ԭǰǵǸƵģʶʱҲû̫ֻǼҲʲôĶ乫ˣĸûþѻȥˣֻʣԭ㣬޵˸ڴ壬Ҳô
ȻɷֲãҲûΪѣҲǸɵĻ۵㣬֮öˡ
ԭܸɣҲȥֱ֪硣
Щ֪Щ࣬ԭɷֲõľͳƵĶ
иŮ֪࿴һŮ֪࣬ǰˮԭȻܼȣǾȻˣԸȴˣɲЩģֵټϱӪһɲͳˡ
ӳȻ׼٣ûչ˵ģһһͻ
Gô෢۵ԴҲֻοԼ
֮ͨϢ˻ʰ
ʱʶѷҲûٶûһʳ˳Щ
ĹмǡһСסʮЩӻЩɶǾ
·ǼޱҲһ˵Ǻܼªˡ
˵֪ﻹЩСֵ֮Ǯʱ¿û취ó
⿿ŹԼΪɲԭÿֻóһ٣ԼһΡ
Ҳû취ԴҲȲᣬһʱỹš
͵ˣҪϹˣӿɲԼðԼ
Ժв԰ӣȻ٣ôУ˸ͼˣӵͣʵʵһٺõ˯þ
ӱ䵽Ĺ˵һʮ֡
ԵúãСʱΪ˻ȥۻҲûٸɣҲܸɡ
ԭǸĬӣҲ֪Χ˵ʲôʶҲԸĬĸԼġ
СǲҪ֪ˣ
ɲ˼ҵˡ
......Щ֪Ļˣܿϸӣ
ô죬ö˶һˣˣô죿
϶׳ˣֵȴǸŮһǿеģϢʱͣ۾ȥӡ
ųͷһ٣֪ࣿ£뵽ŮӵĿ̣ЩͷۣҪúýЩ฾ˮܰˡ
һǰ۵˶ô࣬ǱǸ
һ룬ӸɻɵĸˣȥǱôˣȻ⣬ôԭػһأô˵̯ýˡ
ʱǷģһһ飬ӻûôϢԭһĻ˹
Щ֪ǰǳɹȻֵ򵥵ĻƣŮ֪Ǹݡ
죬Ǹ˱ˣô˿ɶˣˡһ£ͨŮ˴յǰʵ
ȻһСѯʣΧ˲ȫ˹
԰֪ô죿޸ǸҵĹ𣿡
ĺÿǳбҵǸӿǴֲʶɷֻã޸......
΢ͷЩѿ뵽յĸţ֪ǱҲ֪ˣѯô£ۿ΢΢졣
ֹסЦ⣬ĺÿ
ûڣôˣ뵽̷֪⼸䵭пҪӿˡ
ԶӽŲһ٣Ů֪࣬䵽ԭܿеò˵һжơ
ٿż򵥲µŮӣ￲ߣ׾΢ۿǸСأǸܺߣ⼸˲ٳ
ִǸѧأһȥñһ
Χ˶ס
Ķñסæҵץסñأ̧ͷ
......ûʲô飬ĸߣӲʣûʲô鿴˵
ģ۾ԲСŶң̧ͷ㶵ģСè
ҲظӽΧ˵ء
Ҳ˺һᣬŰݵЦøˣ˵Ȣ㣬Ҳˣ޸պ......
죬ӣûмӣˮ֮˹ȥҲû⻹ǵһΣ뵽ԼɻãҲ˲ú˵æվ
ҡԼɡ첻˼˵
ֱۿλε̫̫ˣȥϢɣһͺá
˵ҲݣִҲһѸֵסѡ
ܲȥɣ޴վһᣬԼЩ£ֻ»ص￲
ȥ˵ʲôֲܵˣݹֲߣٸɲ¸¾͵öˣֻܱŻȥˣ߻ʱʱϴת
ŮʱͱֳˣƽʱҪɼСʱĻһСʱ͸ˡ
ллл첻˼˵ԸطȻ࣬Ҳûñ˰Լɹ
̸̸ӲŲһס˵ߡ
ЩŤǵ˵ͷĵطȥ
ô죿ʵ
Ȼ֪ʲôϼãҲ֪ȻۣܣҲ֪ܹӣϾ˼ҲΪ˾Լܾͱˡ
ӿԴ϶Ҽ⣬Ĭ˺һᣬʵҪҪҴ
ʱǽ飬һʱȥͨһЩ򵥵Ļ
Ҳ֪Ըһ棬òҲףԸòѲò˵Ǹõѡ
ҲԸ⣬ǲǲʣȵسˣҲûôӰ졣

ڶ
Щ㶣ҧҧ֪ڴ˶һα˼˵ﲻǲܡ
²ܹӣֻһ⣬ûҪΪһͲʵľԼеһ......
Ӽͷ˵Ҳûʲô⣬ϾܹҲûΣ˵ٵÿ
Ҳģ˵żú˵˵ʹǵˡ
ˣﵹһԴƣ治֪ô졣
ӻصǸԼģָһĻȻҪúóһٵġ
ʣĲˣӸɴֱӽʣµİ붼Ҩ˳ˮߦһ棬ټͣһӾðˡ
ˣҲѾˣҲСϣÿӽȡ
ʱʳûʲôӼԭ֭ԭζǽһ㣬ϧû⣬Щϧ
ʱץϣŪЩõģúú㡣
ȻʱҲûԼĲ˵ҪԱ
ΣũҵϵͳϡӼһ٣ûһڴڳ档
ϴ룬ϻһСԣͷģȻ˼Ҵ󣬿϶ҪóԼĳʱʲôﶼȲһԵġ
ӽǺú󣬾ѸٵĻ˷Ҫúоһô£
ڶ죬컹ûӾˣͺܲӲʵٶ˲٣ϸǻһĨЦ⡣
ǵһϵͳϵͳԴĶؿ֣Ӹ˵ǿϵͳʡ
в̫òϵͳǽȼü֮ˣϾֻ͹ֹӡ
СʱӶˣʱͷģⱲҲҪӡ
õ飬ӽžţϹͷһġ족Ӷ˶٣ץ˰ѹ
ͷԼͷĴ¶ǾѾˣûͷһŽ˷
Ա˾͸øɻˡ
ĻǺһûͱ˵ʲô˵ͷɡ
˷㣬ӿ˿죬Ų˾չؼϴ֣ԵȷŽһȥ
Ϊ˽Լʱ׬㹫֡඼һ٣ЪܼɻԼʱ䡣
ɸ׬ֵĶǴϸ˺꼶СѾͷоǼɲػŮ֪ˡ
ϸ˺СѾͷǶؼҸүͳԵȥˣ￲ֻʣ¼Ů֪׼Է
֪ദﶼһԷĳԵȻҲһ
ǸʱʳǴ˴յģصũϲ֣ҲͿż򵥵Ļ׬㹫ֲֵ֣ʳȻҲ١
ƽʱǳԷҵҰʲôģųԿԳԾһ㡣
ɰɤӣҰ˴ŵζóԣԴˮһڣȵˮȥ
ʱ򿴵ľС֪׾СΪɻ΢죬绹źŰƴ̱ССڿţ£е......ɰ
ӾԼһ㣬˵üͷԼ˵̫Ӳֿڽһõġ
챻һ㱻ҭסҺԱһŮ֪æˮһڡ
㡣΢΢üԼŵˣǸ˼֡
лллͬ־гԵġ˵ž˾ϵıӡ
ѽһˣͬԼɶͬ־ģͲҪôתתŵĺܴ
Ϲ˵ʲôأûӰ¡Ա߷ŵˮ֪²ˣͬϵã˵
˵ĲӶ˼§ˣ֮ͥһ𣬴˿ɶˣǿ˷סԸ죬ɴһģ
м˱Զˣһͬ鵣ǣֻ
ͷ⼸Ļ٣ԭЩϰˣȻﻹǾѿί
ƳһۣŮ˿ƤƤһ߲ҪһƤһУԭίȴ˼վ˵ĵġ
С΢Ľë̾𷹺д򿪣ǽģ⻹еմſɺóˡѹĵͣͺӶ˷ִԡ
棿аǣţŻмɶǾҲڹܳһڣǸȫаǰ
ôţ첻֪Ǻãֻܺӹҧһڣϸдŵζɢ......
Ӽ˲վùһߵֽñ£ȥǱЪᡣ˵
ǵҵӣݳޣʱ·ߣǷмʵ۾ˣ˵
ͷһĿͬ־ͬ־ȻǵĶӣԿͣһ֣ʳȻ࣬ô˵أѲֻҪԵͺʱ島Ϲϵ𣿡
ͷЩǴɣƲƲ죬ٿǻˡ
Աߵһ̷֪࣬۾תתֺõЦ죬㿴Ҳôõĳʳ......
ôõĳʳڣ϶մϣҲǺõġ
˭ȴҧСʣµСķŽϣⶼǺöܶˡ
콫ֿһƲС
켸ھͽȥ֮󣬾ʹæ˵أ˼Ҿְɻ컹Եģûúлл˼ң˼Ҹɻĵ
ôˣüͷһ壬ͷͦġ
ͬ־㲻ðҸɻľңҵľˣһûкúлл㣬Ҹɻأò˼һֱӵлûлᣬˣûʾأͬ־ȴɻԵġ
ֱͣӣøǷһ˫۾Ƿ·ܶϤиѹȸУź˵ɾͻȻЦͬ־˼ôˣ
ãȻ̧ͷЦʶʲôӺˣȻܲ˼˵ͬ־㲻иӢΪ˵ĻҲ⣬ϣҲҪ⣬Ǳװף
ӿ䶼ߺˣһ˵ţЦ촦󣬲ΪҪֹסһ۾;ͦʺϵŵģĺÿҲᡣ
......ӹǣĶ˼ϲ
ϲˣʵ
ãȻҡҡͷ֪ΪʲôͻȻֱˡ
ûϲ˺ð죬ӵͷ˵㲻ǿң˵ҳɷֲãȴûΪѣҳбҵÿ֣һӰ
ģ֪˵ʲôȴЩ١
ˣҲҸֵĻᣬôȥǱЪţˡ
ֱ׵Ļ첻֪룬СִܷҶ͵͵ǣɬҧҧתˡ


ཱུ߱һӺ˼֣ȥתʼݡ
Ǻ˸ɻ˵Ȼм档һ뵽ĳԵģ۾ʺˣ棬аǣǵϴγʲôʱˡ
˭˼ռ˱أҿˮԼװģΪ˹ˣҲ⵱˵
һɷֲõĹ̰ˣ˽˻飬Ժسô죿Щмǿɶǳˣһֱ£ﵹǺܶˣͬ˳Ϲϵʲôõġ
Ǻǣ˵ǵ˼ҰɻԺԻسǰƨɾˣЩ£˳˭֪أԽ˵Խʣ뵽Լȥļ飬ӼǱӦö֪ˣֺһ㡣
ǿ......񶼱ˣϾм
˼ʵһ߸ɻһ˵Ự
ǱµЩǵĿ˿￲ߵͷ֪ʲô죬̾˿ȥԼСúú˵˵ʡӷ롣
лл㣬ҧĵطҶˣʣµĶǸɾģ......лл㡣콫ȫϣһˡ
ӶۿŴǣܿóǱ˺ܾãֽͰ͵ģЩˣԼ᲻óԻøˣһᡣ
ѾͬСֵ죬ü䣬ȻؼҴ򿪷УûôˣͷһһֻһСǣǸǶû
ˣһ룬ͷɣҲͰ˵ųˡ
ûʲô㶫ȻֲסָԼ
żʳԽԽ٣ʲôʱе͵͵ȥɽϿʲôųԻǺϵͳԣҲ̫ۡ
죬Ӷ֮ǰһæԼĻȥɻ
ͷеǼҹȥæɵǳ£ֻҪӳҲһֻ۱һֻۣҲղ
ܾ˼ζûʲôãÿҲͲٶ˵ֻǲ֪ŪһһɣżҪŴõлʱӴļҲܳԵ㣬Ӷˣ˹ϵ׽˲١
θ磬Ů֪ǱߺʲôˣҪҪȥ򣿡ӳǿյǰż˵
Ӻʹӳ˽¹ϵΪܹ֮ôҲӳǿҲ׽֪θ׷Ů֪࣬ⲻһϢ͸Ͻˡ
֪йأӽͷ￲һӾʹǱȥ
˵дô˶һ𣬲飬üȥҿҪ˼ҸɻʱܻسԸƨɾˡסһ˫ǵС۾񶾵Ŀ죬˵ĻҲһ㲻棬
ֲأСǳˣ㻵ܿϵҵӣŵ˼ҸɻأССͣ˼Ŷĺܡ
˷ף֪ϣ֪ˣ治Ҫ
ӰԣҲܲһţ
ɲڼҵʱͿɶ˴ǰϵɺˣֻĿٴα仯˷ܵĺܣ·Ѿһˡ
......¶ˣ޲ȥǣȴס
ɫЩף򶨣˵ϱ˰űÿ½ʮʳ㽻ʮŲӦ𣿡
ȻĸǹˣﺢӶ࣬һŮ޲ӣ˵ԱˣܲˣҲŰռ˵ӡ
ⲻֵյ֪಻Сı̯˾Ͷ˰һֱ⣬һϣ˵첻С˽ţ￲ЪϢóһڣɴˡ
֪ҶһԷ˹ֶͬ־Ůͬ־һƾʲôԣʳ໹ǹ˻ġ⼸ϴˣƾʲôûɶٻȴҪô֪࣬˸ɻ۵
ͬ־ֻ⼸ң¹ֻû㣬ʳϸԼĹֺģһ͵
һ͸ôֲۣٳԵôˣ۵İԵ㲻Ӧ𣿡Ʋ죬ʲôûôɣȴôࡣ
춼Цˣÿµʳûٽõõģƾʲôܳԣ
Ըͬ־ɻҲҸԸˡһľ仰ĵĲУǵ°
ӵǰĿ
Щӣ˭֪᲻ˡ
һĻֵ۾ˣͷûʲô֣ﶼ⿴֡
ˣƲƲ죬ǰͷЦһͬ־ͬ־ɻǸãʲôʱɵǳԾϯ
òġȻĻص
һɫЩѿһѵɱʱͬ־سˣż
㻰ô࣬ˣȥӳ˵˵ȥɵĶ׬㹤֣ʡÿ·ٳ֡ӲͷúЩĥĥƫƫЩһҪӡ
˲ĻһӲѾˣɲٸģˣҲһɢͷʲôҲûйҪ
ͬ־ˡ·Щ˵ģûʲôҲûǰ٣Ҫȥҽɾ͵ˣҪġ
ӿ죬ɫȷʵЩףվҲԣϲ˼żҴȥ￴
ЩǵĿ죬֣ҡҡͷû£ȥɻɣµ׾Ҫ㹤ˡ
⼸ദȷʵûж춯ֶţͦòҧҧͷԼע㡱˵һͷˡ
ҷ㣿ʵʱһɻҲϰΧ͵͵Ŀ⵫ǻЩ˼ɵû£ô鷳Ϣһ¾ͺˡ
ȴͬȥһ£ǰи˽Ųעȳˡ
û뵽ôأֻһ°ôһ˵о׶ˣæǾ鷳ˡ
ҡͷСĵķ첲ط˵ģС·Ҷڸɻ˿ġ
о첲ϴȶȣĶһµĸоⶼˣͷСһ䣺ֲ±˿
СܲסӶãһֲ©ˣﻮһĨЦ⡣
·ߣ￲·ӷһΣЩ׵Сûʲôˣұ㣿Ȼżˡ
ô춼ûкͼ˿ô˵ˣ˵˷ţһֻ·ȷʵѾĺܡ
ģҪʵڲңҾͺʹ˵ʵҼԶԶݡ֪Ĺǣ˵
һ㶣ѿڶ......㲻ҪҴ𣿡ôֳԶˣ
ͻȻһЦżƦǴӦˣ


˵һ죬ʶԼ˵ʲô⼸ദӺŮԣ˸ɻ飬ĺΪֹûһ񣬶Ҳܺá
˵ûһϲĻô˼һɻأ
šó滹С˼˺ܾãͬ־ʺϳΪսѡ
ȻСӿˣһ˲ͱ˸ЦǰƤҾ͸Ӧñˣ
ֺˣӿĺ󱳣򴽻ſȥ
·ߵĺܸܵϺᣬߵĺȴ̣̽ֹУ
ܵȶȴü䣬СӺ󱳡
ڣͻᷢ϶Ц¾á
Ǵĳҽ˭˰ͻҲøǮʲôԵģõĶС
СӣүϴżЦ⣬ܹүүݵģҲм۰
үү֪ˣæһӶԶһһܿ
ƽʱŲϢͨأȻ֪˵£ЦݸӺͰˣæѾͷҿ
Ϲʱûע⣬ȵʯͷһ£׵ĵطеףʲô¡
аڰֵû£еףҸøҩҩ࿪ˣϢͳˡ˵ͽݣ˸ƹӸӡ
ӽӹڵϵЦ֪ܸܲࣿ
һԵүЦһãɬˣˣ߳ŭƾҪһȥԼࡣ
æסã˺ˣˣҶ
ʶȤĳȥˣпʱЬѾѵˣűһСϣӶȷԼϥϣҩϴȵе̡ۣ
ɫе㷢ףץ½ǲԼҶ༸ϧô꿪˺õĲſ죬µľûСȴ˼֡
굽׷ȣӲ̧ͣͷʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷöˡ
ӵͷͷĸЬࡣ
컹˼ҪԼֹֻܹԹԵãŶǰˣĸЬࡣ
ǳ﹫ϵĶޣİְֶûΪ贩Ь࣬ȻЩߣͬʱӿһĨж
ȥЪšûȥ˵Ļ꣬Ȼ칤û˲˵ð
Ҳ֪ÿȥӰɻˣ뵽⣬Щյĵͷ̫Сˣ˻
յСģûסͷһѵúˣҵľӦģǵء
Ƶĵͷ
֪ǴϾɵķݸģΪ֣һŮ֪࣬һ֪࣬ªӵ
ﶼϹûˡ
ӽڴͨϣء
һݿʼӾֹסüʵǾط̫ªʪˣһ꣬Ǹû˯ˡ
ʱ̫ˣ̾Ϊ̫ˣúúŬܲԺԼŮһֱӰɡ
ʵ綼ˣոǳԷǾܾˣͷǼҵʳס
ҡҡͷ֮ǰԹһˣûôء
ӵͷϢûȥϻ
ƵĻصˡ
Ʋ֣̲סСԴ룬úϢ
ͷЩܣӵıӰ̲סüۣϾۡ
ӻصԸǱߣǿѾһˣСӣ۵ͷǺӿۣлˡ
ǿץץ׵ͷЦúĵθͿˣҲûٰѽ
û˵ǿǼĶ磬ȻǴӳΪ˱ӣǸɵĻǸСأ۵İҲæɵ㡣
ʵڿȥ͸һ죬⵱Ĳ֪ӲĶʵԲˣ˸΢ɵĻ
θզǿĨ˰ѺǰüŪʵ
ƳһΧˣӻųͷûͣЪȴһĨЦ⣬һ
ǿǽһ˷ܣûθ磬ǿǳŮ֪ఢĺÿĻǸ˲
ӿ˷ܵú޲ñ̲סͣһĺףЦСƺôĸʲôϽȥЪš
ٺ٣ϲθ磬ҾˡǿٺһЦҲ֪θ˵ڻ
ߵˣ͸æǱ߸ȥ
죬û°ɣ¼æֱĨ˰Ѻ߹ʵ
û£Ъͺˡһ㣬鷳ȥչһĻһ˾ǡ˵µˡ
´Ŷȥû뵽Լһô¹մ˹ܵĹ⣬ʧЦҡҡͷͬ־ʵҲ
뵽ӵݣЦ⣬̾˿뵽һڣֲ㣬æӿŲߡ
쵢˵ʱ䣬չݶѾˣҲʲôԼ˼뼦⣬˶ʰþͻϢˡ
ڶ죬ո΢΢......
֨Ͼɵľű
һֲѱŸ¨ȻϢĴׯɽ
ոŮѣŮѽŻˣȻŸŪʲôӪĶĭûУӸɴɽ
˵ͷɽϵĶڹҵģʱҶﶼȱˮҪԵҰζʲôĴڣֻҪϣҲղ
ɽΧҰ˶޶ˣ̽һ㣬ޣҲʲôҰζϾЩҰ˵׼ʲôأҪĿЩܺϵͳĶ
ϵͳԴĶرЩ߲ˮᶼûгأضǹҵģҲԺһСĵطֵԼĶֵ̫ۣñ˼˵
ҰҰûʲôϣˣǲҩȴڣǰҵʱҩЩ˵ථǳĵǼ١
ȷϵͳԽӾͽעڲҩ档
ͷ̬ã͵ģҲʣ鶼ź˼֡
ŲˣӾʰʰؼŪ緹
ѡ񽻻Ʒ
æ˺һᣬ˰뱳¨Ĳҩͨģϵͳļ۵ͦߵġ
üѡһۣʮһ廨⻹һˮǡ
Ҳʮ˾ͣҪǸִڶѧأѧ˶ʲôȻˡ
Ͳ֪Щıˣκ˵ʲôҲϽĳʳҲֻżϰ
ͬˣ˶ȷϵˣԼóԵģԸԿʲˣ
ϵͳĶǾƷΪҪ͵֪㣬Ϊ˲̫ۣҨţ̯˼ӣִ˸⣬νͣĺܡ
Ը˼ӣװãץ˼ˮǣӾ֪ȥ
ͬ־ӲûðȻȥ⺰
һᣬӾͿıճæȥ΢˰ѣü˵ôԼճˣ
쿴ЩǣֵգȥˡӵԾԼˣʵôˣе㲻
Ȼ˴϶ˣ֪˶࣬ЩŮͬ־أҲô̫ãװеĲϵҸ˸⣬ȻˣͱϹˣҸ˾Уûٻ
ҲŵζˣͬҡͷͣҳԵñɻۣöԵ㲹
ЦЦİɣһܿԼҶԹˡ˵ˣǶˣԺҪģôʲôѵ㲻ҽ飿ҿɸ˵ΰ˵һвԽΪĿĵˣå
˵ʲôأߵõһۣúҪˣåһֲԾ߬Ĳӡ
ԣٸóԵġ˳ζڿ㶵ץ˰ѣˮ

ŲͬɫǣЩȣɵûǮҪƱСʱԣ˺þã趼ûø......
ȥɣߡӷſվԭأпȥļơ
ͷЩߵлл˵æתһȳһյĽȥ
ȥˣӲתˡ
ѣͬ־ˣͬ־Ҫ˰ɣſſڿ˺һأˣ
֪ǲԸʲôûҲͲԼǰ
ͬ־Ĵһ˽飿֪źɫѿϲ죬뵽˼һô
ǻм٣ˣ޻ôźɫѿＵʣ˸۵
ôǣСĵĽó򿪡
һ˲伦ζӣ۾е׼ȷ˵ǰ۵ļǰ......


ˡʱºһŮ֪Զһһǲ࣬һ̯ٵķ
죬ļ𣿺㡣һ̲סȥ۾һǸζԾԡ
ʵ۾ˣӦӦü޸ɷֲõºһӲͣǵŸɻ˵Ȼüԣ첻޸ˣһʱܶˡ
ҲǣôǸˣ⻹ûأɲúŵ㣬һô죿֮ܵģﺺӴſǳ£ݺݵ뵽
Ҫͬ־ġ¼ǺƤӣָҨ࣬ǰûɡ
żʿˮƲС˵۾ǸװӣȶԺٵĽȽϴıˡ
ͼֲˣԼԼҨ࣬ñӡ۾һǱ
ҲþûԼˣʿˮСҨһ׷Ž۾ʱһǰڼҹԵĻóԣ
֪໹ãԶֲ˼һֱһŮͬ־ֻζ͵͵ʿˮŮ֪۾ԲˣǼ޲
£㳢ܺóԡҨһҪ¡
ԣͬ־ġ°ڰ֣Ҳ֪˴϶ˣ˼ԣ
кóԵĲҲҷô࣬һҲԲꡣ첻ϣִҪ
ʿˮʵûֵסջˡ
Ҷһ֪࣬ЩкóԵľͳԶʳ̫ðɣ̲ס
ȻɬЩȴӣºڱ˵ж֪ģ˵ʱʳûʲôʹһĵ̧ͷǵʲôҲûҷ
֮ƾʲôҪǷ
Ҷ֪࣬еǮƱżҲᱳ˸ԼСⶼǴ֪¡
û˵ˣͷԼĲַ࣬Щ£˰űӸ˳Ե㡣
һ߳һ̾ƺҪиɻóԵģҲԸ⴦󰡡
ӻ֪һ緹͸Ůѹ۸㶨ˣѾ˵￪ʼæˡ
СӣҾ֪硣ӣ׽Ĵк
ӾǴӳϱͣӡ
ǿ˵֪ҪˣҪȥײΪ˺˵¡˵˻еմ״ʣɩҸŮ
ټϵӳүүһֱ׽ºɷֲãڴҲûܶ
͡ﰵЩεӣǲŸմ϶ء
Ӱڰ֣ЦǸã֪֪ءһûô϶󻹻֣˵һ㶼Ҫġ
ӿЦõӣ浽ʱ
˼õȣЩź飬иԼļңҲùԼһˡ
˹ӰڰˣҲϹء
Ӻ˱ʲôʱȥһżң˵ùϵжٱ꣬Ҳȥһˡ
磬չյ磬ſˣ￲ϵϡ
ʲôأӳ˼һᣬǲܵģͷѵմһζ̫עĿˣɷֻá
룬ӸɴҨۺ̯ͱ
ﶼϹֻ֪һˣЩģٵԼ˼ֽʹҴææ֪ȥ
ͬ־վ溰һ
ڷ·أ¶߳ӲԾЦЦˣ
Ӽɫã·ҲЩɣҲЦ˵Ҹ˴ͱˡ
ӲʣȴǷܾ£һЦһ˫Ҫˡ
Щ죬ŵĴ½ǵ㣬ҴԵˣĹԣӵġʳţũæʱأҪúò
ǰΪ˲һֱʱ̸ĸ̥꣬òиϲģǾƴҲҪ˼Һã⻹ֻǼ򵥵ĳʳĻģ
ģҲԼģ˵ڶҶˣҲûܶ˭ã˵ţѹ·Ĵ󵨳ԣԲҵġ
ЩԾȴû˵ʲôֻ죺Ҳûʲôõųôã
ɵѾͷ˭˵ɻͲܳԺõˣԣȻ˾ͲóˡӴֽ쵽ǰ
ζ˱ǣϳԵıĻûأŶ̲סˮ̧ͷӣҲԡ
ӵҳԹˡ򴽣ǻ
ӰӦУһԡ
ӲϽ֪ݣͰŵſڣԼſϣһűûô˵ȴ쳣г
ֿ꣬ȥãӲӲһСɿϵķˡ
磬վɰԼĸȥݣǰʣµĻˣҲտһ졣
æ궼˰ˣ֪Ǳ˿죬ȥ
ҲͲ۾ȥżңһ٣˵ʲô
ûסӵ飬żҲһ
ϣ⻵ˣгⶡˣڱͷ̫ˣԸ⻹͵͵
ڴϣ̫ˣиʲôö͵͵ģҪǷˣе֡
G̫ǵĻʲôӣö·õİ취ôӶùʲôҲ춢űˡ
ÿʱɽڲҩ׼źϵͳʣȻЩóԵĴŸ͡
Ъ죬ĽźôҲЪţҪϹӾÿԼٹȥһɡ
˶֪˴϶ˣ˵л˲٣Ͼһɷֲõĵ֮ȻͳŮ֪ˣء
˵Ƕ⡣
֪˵лҲ٣ÿ쿴ɻóԵĸزġ
⣬̯һںץ㰾õԲ֪ǶˣȻмȴĽš
ǣͬ־û˰ɣҪ˵ãȻ˱˿ɲˡ⼸춼켵ʵŻѪˣû춼ˣûҵˣ䳰ȷˡ
ҧɫûһ£ͺ˵Ҫȥһϡ
G˶ǻĵģһϲϱˣеĿˡ̾װһͬ
䣬ͼӴǵ߹óܼͷ϶ǺûһۣڳæӵȻҳԣ˰׷аˣȥϻ˺ǣ˺ˮȻȵ㡣
׷ǹпܳϵĶ
ΧĽʺ޵񶼿ˣĿʿˮ
......ۡ
ֱϣҸ·վ֪Ӳ̫ˣȻۡ
￲ߵˣ......
£ߣⶼ͸ˣ⼸Ҳϰӵ֪ΪԼãԹԵվ·¡
ˣ......ô죬ͻȻ顣


θ磬ȥһҼҰɣ˾ٱ㣬ڶֿˡǿܹ˵
ٱڳصһ٣ֱ˹ĸԼѺŵ߰ɡ
˹赭дģǿһ㶣ٱGܻᱻģθҲ̫˰ɡ
ӻûţĶŽϵĵӳǱ߶Ѿˡ
һҵĹӾȻܳϰ׻кǣ϶ǽǣ
ǽòλʱ·ߣ˾Ӧñ
һץŴ֣ϲ˵ţֱߡ
ΧΧһȦˣҲ۷׷ס
棿ǣȻǵʱ壬ǽǣӦȥν֣
ҵĹԹԣҲûԵĵ
˭˵أ˵԰棬ףԶԲ꣬
ҼҲֻйʱܳһٶˣ⻹Ҫȳ׸ء
ΧŵԽ˵ԽŭĳҪȥνָ졣
尡ҪҸһֱŴǰץ֣ۿ·˶ί
һ˲䣬ԺﶼˣӣЩˣ......ô£ǿĿɿڴθҲ̫˰ɣ
ҽ궼ʮˣͬĺӶܻˣأϱҲûȢҶҳɷֲã⼸һֱɵĻǰ֮⣬⼸ûһ٣һֱѧϰ˼졣˵ŴӻСͳһķɵΰ¼չʾҿ
ΰ¼챻ɢˣÿһҳƽóܰϧ
Ĩ˰۾ۿʼ˵òԼ֪࣬˶˼ǳˣĸǹˣأɷֲãզ˼Ҽ޸أ
ҾͰ⼸ĹֻƱǮȥϻ˵㼦滹кǣ˼Ҹȥָã˼֪ҵĺãܼ޸Ҷʮˣɲٵ˰
˵ɨһȦΧͷ૵үүڵʱ򣬴ǼСӳɻûأûҳɻˣϸˣʵǲТ˳
ЩƤĶĵͷˣҪ֪үүڵʱȻǵյ٣Ǽȥ϶Ҳǻġ
ʱСӳɻ飬үүҲʹʳ񣬽أ˼ô궼ûȢϱòϸǻ......ǡ
Ŵ˿ڴ̣Ʋһۣĳ̾ЩСһֱ֣ܵƱǮһ׻ǹģЩҲףһֱûȢϸϱЩĲ˵æٲϺȲǣ
Ҳ......ӻ˵ʲô
ŴͻȻӲүӶǲıĴһƬһƬģǴ٣Ϊʲô˲̫ˡ
ӳû˸ҿǻˣЩ˼ﶼܹݣ˼˵Щ
ŴֿӵȻˣҲģһԻˣԺӻˣ֪ǸõģҲ̰㶫պҪ·ȥһʯȥɣʡ˴
ûǻʵϷ¾ȥˣŴɢ˸ϽɻȥĻ󲻵á
ӿһ۾ٱһۣ˷ţʶǴøŮϲԭɷֲãû´Сϲ죿
ǾͺܺΪʲôнһˣǶݺݵȻš
ȫûǵ£ۺ˶ˣмŮ֪ദģۺԵĺõģоǵĿģһͻУҲǱˡ
ͬ־ɫͨ죬ɫżʲôרܹģû²˿
üǵû£ߣŸպá
쿴˿ΧˣӺȥٵĵط
ԺŪԵˣҳͺˡСڳﾭЩҲ֪ҪǱνжأŵСס
ҲûܾǲУಹûоˣŪöЩûӪĶ
켱ö޳ˣûµģأҲͦóԵġ
ģѾ൱ڹ·ˣԺҵ͵㣬˷ˣҲû¡ӵȵľһ죬ôߵǹġŮ֪ദŵ˺ܶ࣬ٵ͵ױ˷ֶߣ¶һ
ԭϵı˵лһõĳʳҳԣõĶãԼӪûš
϶УԶֵԼ྽ȣѾͻ˴ҵĵߣ´ֻҪ֣Ƕܹܡ
......컹˵ʲôͱӴϣİɣô࣬а취ûԼŮί
ʵ꼶ʮüˣʮ˾꣬ӶıȽ϶һ㡣
̾Ժٺú˵Ȼȥˣ
ӵͷҸ߾͹ȥ
żģšҡҡͷ
ЦӦ֪ˡ˵ڿ㶵ץ˰·ڴ·ߡ
ϰʱʱԼʲôͷǱߡ
ô¼ˣеʵ
ҡҡͷЦû¡˵СĵĿܣյǰ͵͵һǣգգ۾
¶ϰÿμ涼һСʳ죬մĹ⣬⼸ǵĴǰʮ궼ࡣ
ǻûԹģˮζ
âζġº뵽
Ҳһǣ̲סǡ
¶ӲûɶӰ죬Ϊᵽүүл˶ˡ
ӵȥʯˣɣһⵣҪߵٴʯͷ·;ңԶŶһء
ۣȴҲûкôٽϲҴӳ٣ûͽڹǰ
ҪʲôԱŹǷЩͷ˵
¡ʱûй˿ϵ۵˵Ҳ⣬ֱ˵˵
Աϴż־ȣȻǺܹҪƱģûмԸ򣺡ҪƱġ
ûϻֱƱǮԱֽˡ
ⶫϵͳûУôҲҪΣȻĶôģ
·źãӾȥϹΪ·ÿ嶼Ͷʯӣ࣬ȫ׳ģͬӲ죬Ӹʶ
ԭӴȴס˵Щʲô˵ıͱԶԶģҲ֪˵ʲô޷Ǿǳɷ⡣
ֵڣڰʯͷߡ
ﵽϲʯͷߵľ͸ˣ˷ʯͷĵص㶼Ѿˡ
ͬ־һˣ۾һһ
¶һĨЦôˣ
ĶЦŵҸͳԵġ
ʳ֪һȻܵʲôȻҡͷԼȳԵ㣬ҽûʱͳԵˡ
ѱҳԹˣ԰ɣͿʡʱϢˣˡлؿɲ̫ܵã˵ʹæˡ
һĨЦ⣬šġ·߿бΧĽʺ޵
ȷʵˣʯͷѾˣӶЩԲݸԼ̻ʵĳžúЩ

л˵:
ǼܿյŶ
ΪʷѧĲãд
лŮղĶ
С糡
ӣԺһҪɰŮ
죺Ӳ𣿡
Ӿ֣г
죺

·ʯɣÿҪģһææȥˣҲûʱȥ졣
òֻϰ칤Ӽӿٶǰȥʰʰ͸æȥ˵
ȥʱȴڣü¼֪ģæֱ߹ȥ˵ֵգȥҰȥˣӦںɽ
֪˰ַ࣬Ұˣպֵգȥ硣
ӵͷлˡ漴æɽϡ
ɽΧ˳ҰˣûʲôΣգҰٵĺúҡ
ӵɽΧкЩ︾Ůֻϰ칤˱ƽʱö࣬ӻһȦûҵ죬ɵü
ٱӵǸŮҲڣɨʱæͷǰҰݡ
Ծ϶˼룬͵͵ʱʱһۣ۾϶¶Ӧúйء
ʲôأͻȻ뵽Ǹ͵ĸ磬첻⣬һæɽȥ
СӣΣءиͰѵ
˸ƣվ˺һᣬͻȻܣҪɶ
ֻн˺ɽϳƬ̵ľţǿװ򶨱ϱ¨Ҵɽˡ
֪࣬Ǹʲôõģ㲻ңҲ԰ס׳ԵĿž¡׾С
һ죬ͿˣϸҲÿͬЩȫһֻʱ̫ԣϾ˼ǳ˿Ǵˡ
ȴȻǸɷֲõĹһˣȲǸӣҲϰ棡
ԭٱǸȥأ֪ȴԲ˹ȥ
̲סˣСɷˣȴǿװ򶨣ͬ־ҵûȥˣ֪Ƕء
׳ЦҵˣԺҲϰ׷ġ˵žҪȥֶţռˣɲܼ޸ˣ
ͷܡ
׳ҽһ˦ϡ
쿴ӣۿ죬ֹסϸҲ˿ǻӡ
һۣڻԴûˣûˡ
ʣأӣҺú¡ûˣҪû
ӿ۵ڵϵĽ׳ѹƲסĻ޲ȥ˺飬Ĺﰡ
ӱձۣ죺û°ˣ¡
ϸͻֶᷢ΢΢Ӱο£ƽʵ̲סȥݺݵ˽׳һţѹŻ
׳űݺݵ˦ϣֱӺݺһţʹ
ţܸоģں޲ɱ׳µĿӾˡ
Ҹ˺׷ߵһ߽ӼΣӹ˲ýӵ˵ϣԷѹʵû©٣ɿ
⣿עתˣﲻԾķڳˮôֻԹһΣʱֻ飬ζⱲӶˡ
СèˣЦ򿪷һǷ䡢͹ĺ⣬һǻ׷
ӰѿӵݸҴģеˡйӪ꣬ƱǮС
ʿˮ𣿡ôϰͶιˣտʼ˼ܣҲʱʱӷӣ˫Ьʲôġ
ӵͷԼ֮ǰͳԹˣΪģ
˸ط£һȥ̲ס۾̫̾óˡ
ӺЦ˱ͷҲԣֲһ飬ʣµĶˣҸ죬СҶסջ޸ˡ
˳һᣬȴ棬ĿҪǽɣ
ǵһ֪࣬Żسǣȴ֪ǿܻزȥ
⼸ûʲôģ֪סԺ󻹻֪࣬˸ӣԵҲǧƪһɵӸͻ̫ۣ͵͵ҪǣеĲġ
Щ£ȴҲһʱˣұ֤Ϻӣ۸㣬˻ֻáȻɷֲã
ڴȴûʲôΪѣҸĸˣüˣ޹ͿԵңʲôҶ㣬ҲΪĸֻĿɽ
Щãһ뵽ʱĺãֻҪڣͲøʲôػֻҪʱ䣬óԵĸԼ
ÿ²ļ춼Եĸãʱкˮȣڻůӣʱʱ¶Сʱ趼ûôϸĹò˵̲סȥ
Ͼ˭ϲĸоء
дŻȥͰ˵һ뵽⣬ᶨһ
ӵͷӦõġҲúú׼׼ί˼ҡ
ͻ֪㣬תһɫͳ
֪һֵգһһεŮ֪ࡣ
ͨ죬Ѿƴճ硣
Ϊպпʱ䣬¹֮һȥҰ
ΧҰ˶ڵĲˣξ˵ȥһУɵŷ˶ҲΣգܶڵҲá
֪δߵԽԽȻעʱˣȻ󽯴׳ͳˡ
ǳ״ӵĵߣһĨûô׹
װ£Ӵ󲽵ߣҪúıı
Ǹ˭˴һŸɫıʵ
ֽһۣشǣǺ......ǰǸ
ǿ˿ӣϢʱ˶ϢֻССһΰ¼ٷ
ǰǵôˣ˼Ҹĺܺã˼ܸĵͷ
λٿˣ˵ǳɷֲõĵֽ֮ﻮһĨȣЦĵͷӦ͵Сȷʵɻۣ˶еԲÿ춼ܾ񡣱Ϣʱڿ
ɲۣӿǿɾ˸ԼûϹǾĲһ㡣
ȷʵǵͷҲó˶е㾫ή
СӵǺܾг˸е״̬¿಻ƴ
ʱ򵱹˺ϲá
ƳԶ˵ס֪·£϶ģôҲ߸⼸ʱ䶼顣
Ȼ֪ʲô𣬵ӡǺõġиӡԺ˰¾Ҫɺܶࡣ
ҪԼӹãֻΨһһ·ǾӶҪܴȫ¸أ
ʱ䣬˼ȥ˺ܾãվשе˻ש˵ơ
Ȼ⣬Ҫʱ䣬桢ﶼҪЭһʱ֮䣬Ҳ·ֻһĻ
ӽСŽȥһ£ҪЩʲô³̡

л˵:
ллϲ(@بA*)
ǳлղĶۡ
ף֣˳ġ
ڰ
שǴ£ӺŴ󣬲ò˵Ҳ̲סĶˡ
ܺ˵ǴɾͳˣŴִ̽Ϣȥˡ
ôģӵǰ΢һ£Ͼӳ棬öˣﻹҪ
ҹ
С·˺Ųɵţ֪ǣͱ˶ˡ
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ԴǼ³˺󣬽׳ʵ˼죬ڼʵ˼ˣ֮ûʲô̲סȥͺѴƹ죬ôؼ
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ȻǸµǣ컹һĴ㣬ŶڵŸ磬ǽӸ㣬ҴӸˡ
ȻȲ⣬ҲǺöˣԳ˵⻹
æӹЦŵ⻹˲ء
Ϊӭ֪࣬׼ᣬ˵ʵҲǺʹ˻˼߲ˣ˼ʢĲˡ
㣬һ㿴ôˡ
۴զģٷǳͦгģϾҲɵѵóôã˭Ĺġ
ɫˣҾͻȥˡҹ·ߣ찵ˣҲٶͺʹҸǡ
ĺ˴ǡ
һžͿԶӴֵͲء
ӡ˵ֻˡ
ˤˣæס֣ߣôԱ𣿡
챻ЩˣЩίóԡ
Ӳͺ͵ϣãζȻá
رζأóԹóԵʵЩʡ
ߣ˵Цȥȵ㡣
۾һæͷ
֪ӵôģǺܺóԣҲúȡ
⼸ϲϹǰ¹󶼻ȥ￴
ſţȻһĻȻ˵ʲôܿӵӣ˵˻ã˵ֿ̫ܡ
û֪඼ˣ񳤵һ㲻󣬿˧ҶԴ֪ӣŮûġ
ǰ˵Ů֪Ŀɿڴһֿۣ֪˵ʲô
ҧгݣﲻĬԺ󶼻ز˳ǣһӻز˳ǣĬ֮źһЩ
ԭ׳־֪˲ͳ׳ˡ
ǳ֮⣬֮ÿԲҪɺöũҪܵ˲Сĳ
Сӣ˵Щ֪զ죿Ŵ⼸ͷ˺ЩЩ֪ɻɣ׬־ֻܶӼãô죬ܶŴ
ǽשӵǲֱ˵ش
ǿɲɣȺܸɶﵹæŴæ֣שӣ˭Ҳ뵷ҡ
ԿǣܹͽǺô飬жҪ淢ӳשкôӵû֪඼ûãЩӻģֶ飬ɻУеأ
Ŵ۾һЦСӴɻУܵеɣȻ紿ԡɷġ

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Ǵשסˣʳһգָܹꡣ
಻࣬볤壬µӿͶ˶ˣԴҶ񣬺úøɻɱҸ͵ˣһס
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֯ᣬ֪Ҳˣϰٺ˾ۼڴȳ
ŴϲĽŻ˯
ȵˮ͵͵ˮݵǰ
ÿӳῪδᣬҪĿľǹġ
ǰһ˻Ѫڵģÿ궼ǲ˵ǣҲûɶоˣԸ͵͵ɱ¡
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СģӿźЦҲ冪ˣվԱ߸쵲̫ʱʱ͵͵ˮ
ں治Զվŵ֪ǣǽп಻Ҫ̫վţҪӸ쵲̫ˮ
㣬֪ͦġһŮ֪࿴̲סֹ䡣˵޸ˣ˿שġˡһҲ
ҪǶ֪ܺãǷˣ֪һֻϰ칤ҿͲȱˮӡ
ȻҲע⵽һĻﺬԱߵôһ˵̵סġ˵ҿɸ˵ǧɵٺҲ˸ˣһӻز˳ǡΪ˵̫ѹ󶼱
¾ԱվţȻҲˣ̲סۣˣˣ˼˹ıǺöˣһٴ׷»մȡ
ÿֻϰ칤ԼҪģ˼ѹ᲻ɻ˲֪֪ģ˼Һ޲ǰˣ콿٣ʱ˶ۺ졣
Щô˭˵Լڼҹӣ
ЩǶשש˲ˣשҼСӵǼǱ
ɻģǶ㼼ĶԱ
ҳ˵ǰͷֻͨ˿Բܽש
ŴϢ
һӾͰѻ˯ǵȼˣһӴȳ
ӳǽ˳ǲǾǹˣиûס˵
ŴشǴ϶ûг﹤˺ãֻҪשÿ·Ǯ֡
ֻǮã˭ҶˣҪǿ
ӳ֪Ա𣿡̲סʵ
Щܸɶ
ڿӶףׯڶ
ũɶҪũҪ˭ɵһֺũ𾴵ģ֪඼ǳģܻ᣿
ⲢǱӣ˶˵˵ɸðʱ򶼲Ⱥ֪໹ְֽ̳ϡ
ЩΣҪʵĶҲƤʡ
ˡŴ˿̣ôһͣ˵ֻҪͨ˿ԾС
˼ǿԲμӣ֪ǲɵöЩ
ҲܼӺЦʵôʲô
˵ҲԽשˣôˡ
שһźòİװ׾СޣשҲ¡ۣû˵ʲôţһҪҸ취ͷ
죬˵ܲܽש¶שҲĶשٲõ׬ֲ֣
ͷ˵ȻˣôҲǳбҵ......Ӧûɣ
ôҶҪȥԡ¹ģȭ
ЦЦһͰɡ
죬ҲҪȥ³Ծʵ첻ȱԺȣõȥô۵Ļ
ͷЩ˼˵ǽˣ͵......͵ӶԲһˣ̫ˣҪҲܶ㣬Ҳɵ㡣
¿С̾ͻȻΪʲôôˣůģǸ˲أ
Ϊ˿ԣרҳʱ飬Է޲ÿųԡ
ӱͲש˵񻹲úóԷ˯ˡ
죬שЩεϻѧ顣
ǿʲôֻЩãˡ
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ѡɻѡʮǴܸɵĺӣ
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ѡϵԭܼ򵥣һǰ߽ģһ趼שˣСڳﳤ󣬶һҲ
ɰ⻵ˣ춼ͷĺܣû뵽ɣҾȻѡˣûѡϡ
ûѡϣҲЩˣһ޾ͱӺˣҲᣬӽˣʲôʱܻأĻЩĲɵĵ͡
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Ҫ֪ʲôҪŪ˽ȥǺܼ򵥣ؼ᲻ðôţȥࣿ
Сദ֪ԽԽԲˣܵһȥοȥˡ
Ӵӳ˺ЩˮϡģϡһǿŮʿɲˡ
ܺÿ֣ĵͷ
ܹɡСĵűʵֻ賧δһ顣
ȢҲûʲôڹ翴ˣӦûϲֻҪϲӾ;ò
ôõദҲ֪ǸʲôˣҲٶ˵ģֻţ͸ʲôأ
ԹҶȥżҡ
ʲôСѧŴĿɿڴ......붼û¡
ӵͷשˣҲЩˣȥϣѧѧֶãСѧ̫ԶˣǸɴԼЩ֪Ҳó
......ŴԽԽȣ飬Ȼ֪ʶֵҪԣǰӶԲЩ
שԼܸӣʲôԼҲܴʦʹ֪Ҳ鱾ķѵǮ򣬸ˣ˼ǮӽǾΪ˴̽һ鱾۸
һ˵ŴԽԽܳɣİУȥϺ쵼˵˵
£佱ܾ߷ֵףŴһ£ôͻȥˡ
ϣŴڷⲽ
ڸʲôأ˯Ƶʵ
ҪѧУˡŴ˵Ϊӳᵽ֪ʶģʱҪϹѧӳֵ
Ӵ¡˶ĻˣҲֺǵòС
Ŵש뼴СѧһƬȣԽԽͷ˰

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Сӵɣ룬ʵ
ŴЦŵɲǣҶ룬С˵öԣ֪࣬ǶǶĻˣʶָû⡣
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ŴǵĻػ˵ףλĸ࣬Ͼ֪ũУҪǽСѧѧ֪ʶҲ֪ܽʹìܣȫ
벻뵱ʦ˵ףӻؼҾͺ͸¶һ
һ㶣֪ʲô˼
ЦҪСѧˣȥʦ𣿵ȻʲôҲ㡣
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ţڴЩˣʶǺõģӳŸСѧЩ֪ȥʦӵû˵⣬Ҳ˽ĵģҲΪ˴ҡ
ȥ̬
ҲϵϲһȤ˵Լ޶ûϣҪȥ̱ˡ
Լյĵһ۵˵ʲôأ
У͵ۻˡӺƤ˵
˵ˡúƤԽԽ˵һ۾Ҫתȥ
ϣᱧߣܲҪ˵ǻѧѧ֡
ӡŭ
»ҪЭ̣Ͳӵˣ֪ܰͲżˣ˴ӳ˼پͽ
硣ӽ˸ͬź
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ӸǿݣǿóһѶϣ˵㿴ЩǺö
ǿӿͶأӵ⣬ڳȥһµֵϹȥ£ǰʱ仹ڳӣһСȥˣԺˣҲȥȥ
воƣͷˮͷʲôģҪǶָǿģڶʮһʹˣûнָϾòʲô
ָܼӣҲע⣬Ӻ⣬ͷлл硣
æڰ֣֮лʲô
˵һ£ǿͻȻԴæ˵ˣиʦˣûжոͽܣԽ˴ȥԡ
ﶯ˶Цŵлл硣
һӾ͸ˡ
ӣȥɣˡһصżܹŴ
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ޣ˵ĲҲϲû۵˿ĭԼϵˣ˵
ģ㲻ӽʹ㡱һ˫ͨ죬ȭͷҪһȺס
ǵ˻ģŻŭˡ
ʲôءӿһƬҵľ棬ü
һ˲ٿǻҪ˵˺۾ڵϡ
ͨΧĽܿӾ˽⵽ȥ
ǵ˽л˵˽ҦԽ֮ǰìܣ˽˳֮һϹìܷǵû⣬ԽļңҲˣ仰Ĺʹ
ӶϲûʲôøУ£ܲţֻɨӹһȺˣשȫϣҪܳȥ򣬱שء
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ϾԭͻȻġáûи飬ȻҲû⡣
ʲô˼絶
ĲԾһ̿ˮᣬᡣ
ӿ˿ܵˣ侲ҦԽҳ˸øʲôʲôȥ
һҲãǸû¾ʹǼҶɷֲãûҳ......˵ҦԽƺҲ̲ס׵һȥĨᣬ˵
ϲһֱϲ
Ϊɷ⣬һֱԸ޸޵ڴ壬͵͵ȥʲôҲˣҲûʸﾯǸˣֻǸ˱䱾Ͳˡ
֪Լϲ壬ÿβŭϳ
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ҽʱûҴϱˡޱɨϸǼ̱
Ŷһǻϸ˼ʲôҲûãֹ˵ŵһ۵ûеĶ
ѶŽгֱֱĶϸˣ˵
˾£Ҷ˯ˡϸ˷ۣмĺܡ
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󣬴磬ңҡŽæģϸҲӷ֡
ӳţܴˣҪñ˴׼
Ȳˣһӵϵ飬ߡ
ڿһۣӿһ򴽣ԲǸˡ
ۿһ죬棬Ͻ
ȥӳ￪֤ſڵȥ顣һ仰뿪
ɱģɱˣûˣϱˡϸڵϣŶӣ޺

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ܸʱ䶼ȷո
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ϴȥɨĹֺһ·أһЩУͿϵ»ʳǰϲģһʱ£꣬пĹ̡
޵ļٻĹֻһζ̶̵֣ΧĹ־ܲһҺ浽дɶսһ󸴻һš
һЦֲգڴֻһӡֽ
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δҸϽɨȥɨ俴½ǻһС֣ûоˡ
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㣬Ҳ취˳Ȼ˼տ˼ҼҲ
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һæ˿ӵݸﾭЩһʱ֮ҲЩ޴룬֪ôڰο
磬롣˺ܾãڴſǻ˵
Ͳˣ̲סˣһˣˣˣ顣
ӵͷҲԸ⿴¹ϵɣȥԺͷĴڼ㡣
Ҳ̲סſϣʹ顣
Щ޴룬ֻıûˣԺûˡ
£ӲģŴ壬ִȥӽǱߡ
Էˡһ̲˷Ϻ
ˡ֣½ȥԷ
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ʱ˭˶һۣһȥš
㣿ӿŴŸɾٿЩݣɫЩ԰׵΢һЩӹĻ
㣬ңȢϱ졣֮ǰһֱûգˡɫ΢һЩܵ
΢Ц㣬á
ѣ֮ǰǳɻ飬˵ʲôҲȥģҼСˣʵڳ鲻աϲ˽ȥ
ҲþûˣԶĸˣֶһֱæϹȻûռ档
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˵ΪˣԶˣ˲զ߶ϵ˲٣ɵ׽ã
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ŴЩԥȷʵѵãһӣȻ۵ģҲͺƤӦ
˸ʱӿеʱӾʹǿϣʦͦǿģ̸˺ܾãһڣ֪Ϸǿ
ιŮ˽εεƳɽ·ʮˡ
Ӷ̲ס΢һЩӲʲô⣿
Ů˼ӲίۿˣιҲСһ½ţܷһ𣿡

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ƳһۣŮ˴һһã˫΢죬ǽͰͿӣҼ
Űɣһȥͽ㡣ﾯûǰȥһԶ˵ǵˣ±˲ϡ
ڿŵˣմһɲˡ
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˵Ӧ۵ǰ
һĻԶ˸ţŮǺһשŮ֪źߵЩԽôƯΪҪȥԼᣬ͵͵뵽ȴװ˽źһĻ
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ͣһȦת뿪
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죬쿴ʲôǰͣһصģ
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֪ǸŮ֪࣬ǺһשǸ¹󿴵һôţͬ־Ҳվһ𡣡һͬ顱Ŀ죬ƺʲô˼
ӣ򴽣ﵹû룬ֵĿһۣС˾ͲԸܣƾʲôԼĻ
ô˵ǶǴСһ𳤵ģôƭأǴĺƯأשҲ룬˵ֻǣǡ˵仰أ̾˿ġȰ
еֻ̫ԣ֪Ϊ˹ϵжء
֪ˡܵĵͷֲԾתϵĽָ
ôƽһͣڸ󣬱ӿƲסˣ̲ס㣬ôΣ
̧֣޳ָϴһöָԴǰӸ֮û¾ϲת档
ľĽ͵˵ҪϽָñ֪Լˡԡ⡱ڳһԡ˵ԻգգۣԼĪϰװɣ
ϰףϰף㿴ĸˣ
ûŮ˲ϲΣ˵СеĶҪӵе˵ű
ٿźһͲȱԵģٶԱԼɫƣˣһۣˡ
쿴ıӰգգۣͷ˴СͲԸôӦǼĺܡ
˻أȴˡ
˵СֿһŮ֪ࣿ
ɲשǸ˵Ҳĺء
ǸŮ֪࣬εεģ˵Ҳء
⽿εεŮ֪ôשģ˵ζ
٣һеԾͳ˷̸ˡ
Щһأǿϲ͹שӣ첲ˣҲ
˵ιϱҲ֪࣬ȴֻóȥݣʱʱ⣬ɫͲȱˮ͵ˡ
뵽ǸľͷôõĻܵˣԭΪֻ취ˣ֪......үڰ
ҲûҪ޸һˣԺ󻹵ûسأ̵ôˣשʲôҲóԵġ
뵽Цüëķˡ
λأǱ߿ɾͲˡ
죬ɵңҶʶǸŮģ¹ʱ򿴼·˵ԼˣҾ͸Ͻˣеĳȥˣҿû˵ûӴæ͵
֪ǰʱ򣬺ö˾Ļ飬Ͳûǰ벽
ʼһԲͷϸӻ΢΢ӼòС
һԵ忴һ򡰳졢صġЦĲУͬʱĽ
ʱǳף絽жϡɩӣϱ
ÿ첻𴲣üߴùͷ÷Žɩ𴲣ɩӳ꣬ȥϹ
ֻҪæһϴ·˵绹ãŷóԵĺɩӶԵ㡣
ʲôҲûϹɩϹȥһɩӶϢʱԣԼˮʲôҲûжϹ
ÿʲôȥҲСͷʲôģɩױ̨ҪװˣǴСûô߹
տʼ̫ˣ˵
ȴĿųᣬЦС19ԶޣҲί
뵽죬绹ںأɵȡЦ磬ɩڶء
̧°ͣü۵Ц⣬ɵԴѧ˰
첻⣬Լͷһۡ
£ͷβûŹԼ֪ôģôΪ˼仰Ƣ
˵ɣֳԴ
ĲУϽ뿪ߵ⣬գȥɣȻ
һ̣˶־
ʱƽȥһжɢֻҪԼᶨһж
Ȼ˸ûʲô⣬⻹Ҫġ
ǸҥŶ֪ˣС·ϿˣŮܲף±˿˵лͰҽйȥˣҷ֪ȥġЩԣڰæ͵
˼СڹúأɱϹ˵Ҫˣǿɾˡ뵽ǣϸˣשôשȫСӣһˣשզ죿
שȫӣҼһָأ˵кЩ˼£ﻹ˸ҿǻ
ιҶ֪............һɬ
˰벽Ŀ˳㿹𣿡
ʲô˼㶡
ӵˣİûУϲţ֪㿹أ
ı͸ߣӽ׳ޱ黹ô¡
⳹ɵˣޱ̲ס˼
һ˲䣬ԺͻȻһƬΣΪʲô첻ȥϹ˵첡ˣĪǣǲˣǱģȻö˶ôͻȻˣ
̲סһҲ̲סϽˡϾҲõô
һУðԶҲǰգˣЦĲУӵǾǸð취ﰵԺ£졣

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Щæ
л顫лл
ʮ
Сѧ֪ͨҲˡ
ÿ嶼ԽԼСѧһõĴԼԽʵѾͼһһ֪ԵʦȻֻ֪࣬ҪͨҲԡ
һյ֪ͨӾʹשȥӺ濿ɽɽ¾ǴãСѧλþѡڲԶȥʺ顣
ӵСѧңû˵һ䲻ǵĻûзֵĺǣԼĻҲæҪֶС
ϾĺǸûޣûԺҲУ⽨СѧﺺûһǶϽǺãôѧ⽨Сѧǰǡ
֪Ҳյ֪ͨ˷ˣɱȹ˻Ҫ棬ڿԣǶǳ/бҵܲУҶͦţ⼸죬嶼ֱͦˡһʱҶٶ
죬ôͲҪˣӽʱûеƣú͵ƣ߰۾
컹أƽʱһҲ̫õ飬ֻǽӽǸ߶ששſľˡ
Ц⻹أˣ׼ΣȲ඼ˣôŶ֮ȥˡ
ôãЩʧǻĸء
ҹؼңԱߣ˵ȥ͵һשˣ֮յĵשҪŸȥңȥУպٴһռҡ
ؼңסˣǡǸ˼
ôãһûȥǹţʵǲ񻰡ӵͷ
һӱۿˣ޴룬Щңҡ
סڻʵҸ׼׼ֱֶ׼˸ֱʣ㿴Ҫɩ׼ɶȱɶЩǿģȥשպȡ˻
Ͻ֣æãá̫ˡ
ȴûãЩأĸﶼûȢ˼ҹôòŵţҪǸأȻΪһ㲻ء
ɵѾͷȢ˼ҹŮصӦõġ°Ͳ˲ͷ
̫̲סС죬ЩǮҲŪĺö
Ҷ׼ˡӻǼ֡˵ʵҪó̫ۣЩϡ
ǡզ죿뵽壬Щɡ
סһˣֻʣһˣŮӣܹ鲻̫á
ˣشҸ׼˿ȥҴʱ䣬պҲܰȥ
ŵͷûеĹǣȷʵؼҿﲻϵ룬֪ôˣֶǲǳˣûʲô仯ƽﲻ𻹺ãһ޲ϳȥ
ƾʲôԻؼңԴ֮ǰĵù£׳һʱ䣬ɹһԽԽеʣ⼸첻֪ʰ׼ؼңױˡ
ͷң鼤һ
԰ƾʲôԻȥ
ҲҪؼҡ
ؼңؼҡ
Ǹ׵ȼ֪еĿ֮ͼ忪ᣬ֪ͨǶܻؼңҪȥҲҪӳ֤ǩ֡
ҪԼȥ˾ͻ֣ܵҴ࿿ɽҪԼܣʲôҰޣΣգӿ࣬ÿɲĻԵҲá
ڳٲҲûԹֿ࣬Ҷؼңû취ҲֻѹԼͻȻ˿Իؼңﶼһ
֪Ƕչˣڴӳſڷ׷Ҫؼң鼤ס
ˡŴͷۣӳһģ֪ȫͣ
ӳһ˵Ϊʲô֪ԻؼңȴУڻǵģվѯʣҪ˵
ҲŴӳ˵ء
ˣæŴʵڱֵòͷụ́ͷãҽ͸Ǹ˵שСһֲٰģСѧҲģ⸱⾰Ĺͣ˼ҽ깤־ǰ겻Ҳţ֪Сӽ飬Ǿμˣˣ˼ʲô
δ󺰵֪ײ磬ǷԭǶǰףҪȥ쵼ǡ
֪ײ뿪ڵĴӣ˼ҽ˾Ǵˣȥ߸ݻд޳ȥĹǻû»ػء
ȥ棬֪޸СҲ۴ˣǼҹ겻߸ݣţǾȥسңҲ飬ЩµˣŴְɣ˭ҪǾòƽԸҸ˽飬Ҳ١Ŵɲ£ͬ˵ġ
ûٷˣ˭Ҳͷ֣Щ۾ת˹ͷ
ȥɻ־ȡѡʦʸ񡣡ŴɨһۣЩ˼ȻأЦúǿˡ
¾ζĬˣﻹ֣
¶ӺûһӰ죬ļHУﻹͦԶҲҲʹȥ졣
ǮƱҶˣȥ˼ҡӷԸ
Դ֮忪࣬˸ۣ˵磬Ǿֻɩɩɡ
Ӱڰ֣ʵڲУȥӼҲС壬ǵײǴСһ𳤴ãӶֻһΣ˵ȷʵˣˣһ
֪ˡҲ˵˵ڳϹ㶫ӹóʵúܡ
˻Ʊٺüʹϻȥ
ʱƤ𳵲Ⱥĸһ˻𳵲ֱ˻ֻһ죬ȻתһˣҪ
һˣûֻƱһܵ
Ե㶫۵Ŀ죬С
γһκģȫȻûһʼļ˷ܣҰĽֳԵ¶ҡҡͷ
ʵܣӾϢۣҪ÷ɻ֣Ҳ㣬߸ɴѼҰᵽȥռҽһ㡣
ﷴְ취Ŀԡ
ˡһŲͷŮˣƳһۣ˵
Ӻ춼׷ŵˣ·ǼأܴСŮ˿ŴСôᣬҪôõĻ᲻óԣͼЩһģһ
ƳһۣôСĵĸͷ
ǣ£Ҹ˺з㽫ͳԵ㡣Աߵ˽з򿪣Сĺš
Ů˿źз棬򵥵ķˣЩԹֻ⡣
˵ţڳϣҲû취һ
ŮŲ鲻Ը˿ӣǿʱ򻹹ͣͦԹÿ춼ֻܳ⡣۾ȴǵ⣬ǿӺ죬ԽС

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ܵķ׵СٿŮ˳ԸߴߴָУӷﵽ˶壬ŮһۣһתӻͳͷС
ζһ˲ӳ߶Ŀתϵͷ
Ů˱͵һӲɫһѿ
ӵɫ糣ͷһСϳûʲôҪҪԵ㣿
ȻᲵӣθȷʵڵܣֱͷӹͷССڳ
ȳԵ棬ҸӣҸˣȻԵͲˡĸͷ˵
ãҲԡЦЦҲ˼飬ʹӰ﷭ӣ
֮ǰǺγͬϵͳӣܼγ
Ů˳׳Բȥˣһ˦šһˣֺҲҪӣȥ
еģƾʲôûУ
˳ʹŴȣɫѿʵˮǳ﹩綼٣˵ϣȥԶٺзǶˡ
ŪĹҰָҵءŮ˵һۣвһֻҪᵽѣҲ
Ȼһɫһ䣬ʿˮ¶Цæá
ߡŮ˵ͷ˵
˿ӣЦֵܣ㿴ҲܲһңҳǮëǮô˵ŴӰ﷭һëƱҪӡ
Ƴһۣ˹޳İɫ·ΪϱγרŸ׼ģٶǮҲ
˱̣һ죬תͷŮ˵ʲôŮ˵һۣ˼һЦҳһôðҲɡ
ӰѰõӵݸ죬Ҳ£ӹζһ˲٣ӼϲﻮЦ⣬ץһֻ֣
˲൫Ҳ±˿æ֣һۣӿɲʲôЦЦ
ˣ̲סߵĵһۣͷĬĬĳӡ
˼Լӣɫѿֲ֪˵ʲô
ʱŮ̲סˣ߸ϵƳһֺۣιҿǵǵңһǮˣɱ̫̰ˡ
Ʋ֪ΪԼǸ߸ϵĹأӺ춼Ů˼ʵĿһŭʲôС
˶ڿ֣ʵڹҲסŮһѣŮžĴ֣ͷҰֿǶĳʶ㡣
ʱ򣬹˶˲ˣ˵ǳһƬȻ·һӾͽŮ˵ĸ߰
ﻮһĨȣڵĹҹǱĹ
ʲôϵֻÿ˸ϣʣµӰõݸ죬һһûһۣԣлᣬǾתֻ˵Բˡ
Ҳû£ŪģԲûҪ̨ӷһӣһԣҲûܾǡ
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ɫѿ裬ȭͷ߬ţͷ
ӵŮ˱һһֱڳʱʱƿڴȫ˶಻ԣΧͷһ䣬ѹŮ˵¡
òת̣ë̺úϢƫƫԩ·խǶŮֽ˳ᡣ
ôǣŮ˿˸
ҲʣӲͷѾü䣬һĸˣҪһ죬ѵ¶ЦԲҲԵ
˭ԵŮֻû˻ˣи̨Ҳ£˸ۺǲ
Ҳûȥ˵ʲôĿһۣԸԹȥ
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ñô۸ңŮ˻ͷˡ
ȴֻǿŮˣԼ䵭˵ƱҪǲ⣬ֻȥš
ѾһˣŮôԸ⣬ҧĬ
˳ĬĽϣʼʰŮĹĵڴϣһֱ߶ŻؼҪָ״
Ҳûٹǣ̺ôȥú˯һ͵ˡ
ͷӦŴ⻮ľɫɫϲɫŻҪȥ......
Ǳߣռҡ
GҼѾͷ˵ˣɹˣһʮ֣׻ǮաҾ֪Сܸɡ
ռҵģŮҲǳӦҲ˹˰ɣŶԣˣǲٽ˰ɣôǲҪˣ
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һ°࣬ͶȳЩ޵ҧгݣϼЦѾͷúأ˳ûʲôڼ󷹡
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Ҳϣ¾ɤӵӴֲԸسҲҪ޳ȥأԭ˶ôð˵Ǹɷֲõĵ֮Ҳô𣿡
¥Ͳ˵Ҽһﶼ󷹣
ֻѿСĺÿ˭˲һģ޸˳ɷֲõºҶڿЦ
ġ˵꣬Źݡ
Ҳ̫ϵʹĺܡ
顣ѶˤϣԼĹĵš
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󱦻СҲղԣͷԼķ
ˣԷհֽֽ
ԣʲôԣûϻ˵дʲôˣҪ˵һ飬ûꣿޡˮֱת
裬ôʲô˭Ҫ޸ºӵġҵġմɩ룬˹ŲˣҲд˵ģԱ˵ģһ㲻ȥֻĽ
졣մմɩһۣ˵ЩǸͷ嵶
մɩʼ磬˹Ųˣʱʱ󱦼һӡ
ҹȥ豾Լϱһ˵ӿƲסԼȥմɩ롣
մɩҲʡ͵ĵƣץ벻ţ裬û˵ǣ˵ˣ

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Ƥ𳵣ʩªҡҡλεģʱҲûпյ䣬Ҳ쬵ġ
ɫˮȥ𳵽ˮõط׼Щˮݵˮȣ˳֮ǰķû
ϴϴӣӽӺһˮˮࡣ
𳵵٣඼Ǵ棬һҪĻˣҪǹˣȥ̽ݻ߰칫
ˮõط̳һŵĳᣬӲӴȡ
ͻȻǰһλ۾걻ʲôһ£˶ǰ˹ȥϻ´ɱ½ӵˮأҪȥˣɾֲźˡ
æһֻ֣Ӻס·󳶡
˻
ˣ´ɱˮ̵ˮϣζ
۵죬ҧû֣ȥѱӷŵϡ
û۾Աߵһ屻ˮ˲ͻˣŸ첲̧ͷŭš
վַ˦¡Ǻ죬סĵǸԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
mdԺ󳤵۾ҪõϣŪ㡣βۣһۣɷ˵ûľٶ
ε˵űǸ֮¶ȥ´ɱõһߡ
Ƴһ۴֧ĽţûԾ˹ȥ
лл㣬ʵ̫лˡտһЩĵطסӣм
ˮҪˤһӣˮɾҪˣ˵Ҳꡣ
뵽˵ľʹҲûɵ֣мֺøУƢºͣҡͷû£´ζСľǡ
ΣȻҲ֪˰һ£û취ز죬ĸףֻҧ
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WУǿǸУҲʮ࣬Ҳ߿ϳѾˣWж飬Ϳ˴ѧģͷѧǼΪġ
ӣAˡӿĻص
һ̣˶֪ǵˣǵ׸ı䡣
˵䣬Ӿ͸ϽˣʵǲŮ˵̫á
˵Ů˰Ҫ˳Կ̫࣬ˡ
ҵɷʲôҵģһ˵Զ·¸˵ġ
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ȥŮ緹ȥˣҲȥˮˣ˿ֻʣŮڣûӸѹȸУŮһᣬ̲ס˵
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һϲɽһҰǶʱ䣬ûܴؼҡ
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졣ɨŮˣߵǰˮݸе̣ȷŵůůѣȻٺȣ
̧ͷӣɵĵͷĵá
ᣬǣۣһɤеƣٴοһ鲻ŵŮһۣǰ۵ý֪Ӧý̶
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ᡣŮ˳Ц
Ӻ춼ôԹԵġݡԼŷһڿڳϵĳԵĺֲܴڣӿһ۾ûдԡ
ιҪҪŮ˾һ⣬ĳ
ǰϲִˮ⣬Щӱˣķҡҡͷ
žһϣ˺ǲͷҪǸ˾͹ܹˡûûˣҪǸŮˣһ߳ȥ
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Ͳһ˸
뵽ؼң˲ЩԺ󣬱ŷˮһһںţҲ֪ôˡ
֪˵ʲôŮ˺ǰ˲٣û˵ɫһֱţӺ쵹˿
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࣬Ǹմ綢մɩ
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ǰãԴӾϴβ£ìǳױˣ˭Ҳ˭
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ϴĵԲǣǴޣ......ӲˣһĵĿ
죬𣿡ӿͲ¥ʵ
򴽣ۿЩ죬ͷ
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һ˲䣬ڰ費ſմϴ˵Ѿͷˡ
մҲţȻĵͷ
ſܣţ쿴裬ۿʪˣſǻ衣
ѾͷˡҲˡ
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Ǻ£ռҵģɱعſޣүſءӰο
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հỹûȫݣһӾӵ
磬ɩżˣǼ
մɩĿɿڴţգ죿
ôˣԭİССôڸоݰףÿ˲ٲ˵ӶЩ
մҲԭΪԺѵټӾȻͻȻˣôǸ˵ģæͷGG
Σǰɣźȱˮůˮ
æӹ裬ԼСĸź
һ裬ڶ
裬ɩӣɷ򡪡ӡܵ
ãáعεĵͷ
մɩҲعʶ˾Сɷ򣬶ʱϴ񶼲м
ӵûоʲôһһߴӿڴ﷭ڳĶһ˵Ҳ֪ϲʲô͸˸û¿
ϣһ˵ߣϡҪǮҪƱأ
ƫƫӻûּǸֱ
ɩ˿
ֶӵĸֱʡ
һһϣ鲼ڴͳͷ
˶ɵˣϱڵģ⣿ºôֱֱʣһͷ
ռҲŪôö
ٿӣǾȵ飬ӵ˵ףһεţʹӡ
裬ҲǺ˵ǴשĴ𣡴שڿ׬ǮգöĳӶשءҲ֪Щ̫ϡЩӦֽ͵
ӴƷˡ뵽Ů˵ģﻹܽⲻֹˣ˵ʲô˵Ů˵ĶģŮȻµģһҲس﹤˲
Щ˵лŮóֱֱʣ
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մεĳЦЦллл÷̫Ʒˡ
û⣬ЦЦɴЦȢôãʵǲӦõӦõġ
˵ôǲռҲ˵ʲôӻһɣﶼϲԽԽϲ
Ӵɻˣҽϲ¡
ɲǣգؼҿɡ
հһ¹ھһЦȤ
հһ⼸ֵúܣóҪ˼Ӱ࣬͸ɴˣҲ徻ŻôĪǳʲôˣ
뵽հæԼߡ
ɻˣԷɣŮͷˡ˹ͷӿհ֣Ц˵
˭Ůհֹ˲⣬һæʵ
ɲǣѾͷɷաءͷĺܴ󣬺޲¥
հָݣǰɲһİˡ
֡źþûĸףۿ̲סֺˣվ
Ҳæվź
......ͺáհҲЩʣֹסͷ
ԷԷ߳Ա˵к
һʼԷ
ǲһ㡣մɩͶͷˣϧ費֣Լ飬ƵĳŲס̾
ǣ⻹㡣⼸ѵúͳһսߣ̾ĵͷ
ȻҲͬһһĵҲʾͬĺܡ
ǻͻȻҲ׼ʲôֻز˺һͷ׷ҲģӶԼͬĳͷȥ
谵Թ۲췢Ůֻͷ⣬ԼŮʱֻزˡ
ٿԼŮŰ׾Żһûʲôӣĳ׷ˡ
ŮŮǺء
ĵ裬üЦ˿ͷŽԵ㣬Ե㡣
лл衣æл
ռѾͷȻˣǸɷҲˡֵˤˡΪʲôռҵܻǸѾͷڿǹˣȴû
ͻ¡ǿֽ⡣
ûЩǽһǰһһѾͷģռҵġϺһӣռҵ⣬Ͳþ
ǿ֪ϱĵУԲ߶
ʱͻȻ²ӹȥ˰ɣ۾һתԽԽÿܣѾͷ˵ˣռѾͷ޵Ǹɷֲõĵ
ͷˣֶɹȥɲ͵Ͷݣ
һ룬˲ôǣ
ǰڼҵʱסСǼ䣬ֻݵһСߺ˻ˣʰһ¡
һȥ͸оЩŵ˴˯˸Щǣǿû취ܹô
˯棬ϱˡ̵ĵطݲ¡
ίˡҲЩ˼ŴȷʵЩСˣӳָߣһ˯Щ˵и
§ȥʵǰһֱ˯Ŵϵģ
ͷǰﺬЩЦʱҾſⴲдҵ
Ժֳ︡װ۵ſڴϣһһд֣ЩЦ
ǲû˯֪ⴲжСȻӰӶյġ
ŲŲ˯ѽ㣬Ȼˤȥˡ
˯ɲĳҷ˵ţ廹ǳʵŲŲ
˿ĺܽ˴˶ܸоȶȡ
һۣװͰ͵ģ˵˭أ
˯ʵҹһβ´ȥ֮ӾҲû˯࣬˯˯˼ҹˡ
ЦְڻΪҹˣѹĵͣɳƵ𣿻ؼҡ
ܵů⣬첻ɵ÷ӣ۾ĪЩʪ󣬻صġΪҪþúþòܻˡھڼ棬á
ҪңԺ󾭳ӱ֤ǣ޹ңҪԸ⣬һɣʹ
ܾû˵ӶΪҪ˯ˣȴͻȻһӡ
ӻصôˣ
лл㡣ллģллأллİ
ɵѾͷ˵ЩʲôҵİѽӦõġһᡣ
û˵֪ôͨϵģ֪ɷֲõӿ϶˶پܶŬǼ޸Ҳûϻҵģȴ˵Ժ
û˵Ӹ첲һֱŻڻԼһ߼ȴ......

ڶʮ
ȻŮǹȴǲܵģһհ軹մȥϹȥˡ
հǷ֯ԱմбҵҲ˷ֻ֯ǸʱֻհиܳΪʽ
ֻʣմɩ󱦡ڼ
죬ҳȥˣҿ´¡մɩһ߱Ȼ˿һ˵
ʵƽʱĲ˶¹ʱ˳Ȼſʼ
մɩȲҪȥ԰һԼ˿Ҫȥˡ
ȻͷӦ֪˴ɩ
մɩ˿ͦصĳȥˣҪҺúúɩ˵˵
ӻʰĶ
󱦹ɵڵϣεСȣĿ죬Ҳ͡
ʱߵʱСôȻе㲻ʶˣֻ֪̺Ǹ߸ߵ֮ͳԵ˺óԵġ
󱦣Ǻϡֶӣü͵֡󱦼ųء
գգ۾СĵµӣСȱסĴȣĵ̡
ԡĶˮˣӰѴ󱦱
ĳ֪ռҵĻ򲻴հٶ㡣
մȻҲմɩȻЩ̱Ҳ㣬ãռСʲôóԵĶţİװ׾ཱུģһ˫۾ˮģŶϡ
ӳŵľ챧Ŵ󱦣üĺ˵Ż
쳤౾ģüͣƽζҲһᣬ߹ȥ˵󱦣үòã
󱦿Ÿ߸ߵӳһ¾ſֱۡ
˳ƽ󱦱˵Сһ
ӵֱŴ󱦣һֻǰ̯Ǽϲİǣüһ䣬ץ
𣿡ǣʿˮͷһڡ
ĺܲסջС죬ҲСչȥȴֻ׵ӵƣգգָֻۣ˴󱦵С졣
Ӷ͵ֻס
৵ĺ͸ˣͷֽһŽ
󱦻ǸСޣʲôҲֻ֪֪ԼԵǣ촽
ҲԿš˵ⱾǸûõġҲ˵Լ˿źţι˿š
ҳԼСʱ鱾̴֣ӿʹСԴһ˵ĻȣҲź˵һͳš
֮ȡ󲿷ԭ˵Ϊש
ϾשҲ˵ÿƷһӺþö÷£ޡ
ٵһʱ䣬ΧŪöŪˣשҪûнˡ
İ취øط֪ǴשȻĶ
ȷʵһϴŲ߹װŮԶ࣬ŷҲЩֱɽװġ
Ҫʱ֪һĶиõطǾǺС
ⲻ͵͵±˰﹤˶࣬ôĶмСǮʲôĴҶŪöõ㶫Ĺ
ʲôģҲͶղרŵĵطֻҪһ㶼ûɶ¡
кܺôڹſڨһ˾׾ٵ׳˴ŵλá
ȥĺзչĺܲȻλƫƧԼԼС̯ˡ
ûŰڳŵÿ߶˸ӣȥһ۾ͿԹȥ̸Ǯ
ףǿ˶ͦţżװģȴû뿪
һȦŶɨһۣ඼Щϸʵˣʲôġ
磬ôӿβ㻹Щϡȥѯʵ
꺺ӿһ۵ԼԵġ
֪Ʊ˸ƣѹһ飬øңǸеģϱңϱͻȻֻˣŪõĸ
꺺ϸ˿ɫ˵㣬ЩΪѵ......
Ĵ磬ϱҾǷ֯ˣҶġ¶ղЦݡ
ˣ꺺Ȼ˾裬¶ЦУⶼɱ˵ģҪߡ
β㶼󣬵ҲиˬĸǮӹֽӣӶ˸̵ݹȥ磬֪󹤳Щ𣿡
ʱ̶ݳƷ꺺Ӱڰ֣Ӽϡ
꺺һڵ֯͹ͷŶһҩڷ֯Ӧɣ
ӵͷϱʵңǸ¶ûǣңܲҸϡ˽˽⣬ٺ˵׵Щ
Ǹ¶꺺ͬ鼸ҲͶ˵˼֯ǲˣҩҪмãûҲǽȥģͷԿҲţ˵Ҫ޸ϡ
۾һУͷлл硣
꺺Ӱڰ֣˵׻ӾʹŶȥ
մɩûȥᶼˣҲ֪ȥȥˡ
ӻʱʹء
ˣ컹ΪҪȥúùأû뵽ôͻˣЩȡ
ҿ㣬Ļģӵͷֽӡ
㣬㡣ˣ۾ֱӡ
ᶬ죬ϡЩϲ˿󱦺ɣ
ӵͷˬٸ㡣
æʾڼҲͰˣû֪ռȴٹﶼˣ
УҸ֡Ҳ֪ĹǣȻûʲôҲΪ˵л
ᶼ쵽ˣմɩûٲհ¹ûˡ
ȱ϶Լų́ǰҲڼģȻ죬
ӾԱ߹࣬ϱɱһĶû
ӴѾͷ˰ҲŲ˻׼أ쵱ɤţֿӣһʵһҲׯںӣĹֿģҲء
ӡЩΣҲԸҲһˡ
Ǹ˰ɣĻУѽҲֻ࣬......޵ĿӾͿʼϲĽߡ
žޱĶͷϻһ
......ɫѿ˵ʲô˸ֲңȥˡ
쿴˿ӣޱһӾգգۡ
̲סݸһЦ͵͵˸ĴָҲϲӽÿζǱһٿôô
̣㡣㡣
ͳŶǽȥ棬涼̡ܳᵽ˷㣬ҶҪˣȶ

ڶʮһ
أؼҿֻӴڣʵ
Ҳմɩ֡
ɩ˵ȥˡʵش
һһӣ˵ⶼˣʲô˻û
ǰŲ˻ɶʱȥˣ
ǰϱҲеСëܡ
Դ˲ױ֮մɩԽѲԽϲϱЩڵô͸˵¡
ʺһܰ
֪ԼŰԼѾ϶Ϊʺˣմɩỹлء
С˵ҪǼҹꣿżҴɩѯʵ
մɩϵ˿֮һᷳԹɲԼµɷҲˣǰ󱦻ǼС˯˯ڲòǼһˣˡ
òӹȥλİɣżҴɩʵ
ͷˣ˭ûݣμǣˡ
մɩİڰ֣ͷ˵˵еĴｨשеĿǸأǸǹ˴ֱֱʵģ˿Ҳ͵ģ˵ҲһǮء
մɩǵ԰Ը˿þá
ӴֲСӷҪأֱɵòǮƱɣżҴɩ̲ס뵽Щö۲Ľ
ҲǹɱĺܣҲͲҶ
˵ʲôֱˣⲻЩĲŴ
ôҲǸɷֲõĵӡմɩɩĽ񣬵ȴƲƲ죬˵
У˼ҳ˿԰ڣżҴɩģƲƲ죬˵ʲô
԰Ҳ԰ڹˣմɩĳ˿׼ȥˡ
緹ģ˸㣬һˣר˷ݹӪĺ⣬
һѵõķʢþûˣССûţͶˮˡ
ӴպóԷءմɩϵĲˣϲЦտǿ֮Ȳˡ
˵ǳȥ˽ֿտյĻ
ùԷ۲Ĳ
մ絹ȥĶˣΪʲôڲŻ
þû˰ɣҽһݣԵһС
Ӫĺ͹ˮģžͺʳ
Ҫǰˮˣ꣬θ类ˣͲϲ͹ֱðķˣû
ǰĺ⣬Ҳ֪ůůЦŵл
˾͵ԼһհֱŤĸӼһ飬˵
Դ˻֮հһֱûզӣͻȻһ⻹Щ֪ˣæл
հһԼķٿ
ͷЦ
ӳźůůģûиĸһֱһˣȴţҲˡ
ţӿ죬һյ⣬ǰȱˮСȻϲԷ⡣
ɽ֮ӸͻŷˮˣЩӷûˡ
ԣҲ͵һԣôЩ޷ˡ
ӽеԼݵķֳֽи졣
գգ۾ˮ۾۸м
һĻ迴һҲûŮڿŮֻǾһûѾͷͽˣ
ȻѾдӶжãۿЩţѾͷҲ̫ˣⶼԲȥˣˡ
ݺݵһ죬֪һĻ迴ˣ˼ͷ
Ϳ˸ӲŵһĻ
Ӽһ⣬Сĵ˴̷Ž
Ը㻹Ҫ˰Ѵ趼̫ˡ
ûմҲǼ򵥵ĸ˴̺ԼСĳôϸĵģ
ӣԼԵ㣬ѾͷֵһۣӼ˿⣬ԡ
лл衣æлϸĵİһԼԼġ
ϲ㣬һοס֮ӾϰԵȸһԡ
տʼ컹Щ˼ϰˣÿεٳԡ
첻ҿĬĬԼڸг㣬±ٵһۡ
մǿҲҪ㡣մɩһĻʹ
մƢĸһ顣
մɩд̡
д¡մͷԣ㵱Ȼдˡ
ųԷչ˴Ȼûע̫ࡣ
㡭մɩģú˵Լ
ͱߵıסˣմɩæȥôס
մΣ˵д԰ɣºˣסˡ
һĻŪˣǳʱĶҲƽЩˣ˼ҶԸŮٶ˵ʲôɲԼŮҲʹ
˷Ҿ͸Իطˡ
磬˻ճȥϹմɩŴ󱦻ˣ˵үˣҲòԶ·¡
ֻʣˣʲôҲûУֻӴհ챦ĺܣģҲö
ҲܲڼҴ۵С۰ɣ
ȥߣѯʵ
ͷ뿪þˣǸȥûʲô仯ˡ
СʱǱѧУѧиʦɺˣ鿴
ǱưţСʱǳϡ
......
߶߶ĺӷš
Ҳʱʱķ䡣
Ƕû䰡쿴ϤĻп
ɵѾͷҲ뿪һꡣ仯ȻˣӺЦ
Ҳ֪ЦЦٶ˵ʲô
죿һɫװŮе
쿴ҲЩϲŮּĽе
㰡ڻˡ˻ˡ
ԭ˶ӦȥģǼĶŮĸʵڲģĸ׽ˣ˳ű硣
ͷЦꡣ
......ӣɵʵ
ҵɷӡܵҺѣ
˻ͷҲʶˡ
Ҳ֪֮ˣһۣЩϧ
ǳбҵҲ־ѧУ֪ϲأ޸һɷֲõʵڿϧ
Ȼ˵ʲôֻ죬˵ҸȥϹˣȻˣпȥ氡
ͷæȥ
˺ѣһֱü۴ЦŵģӿҲˡ
תƵ˹磬﹩Ķ࣬Ҳࡣ
٣ȥһۣʵȥӳԣ
ͷ˵ӰĿɺˡ
Ҫ棬ûӵͷתԱʵ
ԱǸӣҨţشʣѰײˣмҪ
ʹͷɣҪ
ʱİײȻ㲻̫ãʣµģЩͷƣҲֻʣСߡ

ڶʮ
ռѾͷ˴ˡ
˭֪Ǵׯںʲô£
ɲӹȥˣ𣿡һ̱˵Ự
ǼռҺãʱϾͺȣ˶ӹŮҲʱȣôûͣ
˰ɣǰǹү˰أģһͬռҹϵ׽Ĵɩ˵š
ϵãֵһСӣģϵģϡ
˭֪ǲģлҹģһ죬̲ס
ﶼǳңд˻ҹģⲻǻһׯҺʲô£
ô˵˼ҲǸ˶ٵģ֮ǰʱ򻹸ϡ⣬զˣŮͬҲ̫ԸڿɲͲš
˭֪ļٵģɱ͵ģȻһºôõЩƲƲ죬˵ǼռҺãһº¡
ռһ֪ԼѾΪ¥۵Ľ㡣
ڵˣҲŸŰæ
ȥˣʵ
ʹüۣŲˣش˵Ҫȥ̸̸ש¡
ⷽ費ҲûʣЩǵʵҲˣôû
Ȼˣ̸컹ЩɬƮĨΣɬСش˵żÿζע⡣
զżڶãһԺأиһŮôҲӣôҲġΪһĸࡣ
СڸãһԺ󲻺ô죿иҲˡ
һһûȥ
ĵȰţɱ𲻵£ᣬӻָҲá
ӻ֪ԼűˣͷˮһɽװĹͷ
ǣſڵĴүͿѯʵ
үϱשģǳ̸̸⡣˰ǵү
Ҫ޸үȻҲ֪ģ뵽Сӣү¶ͰЦǳڳأǼ
¶΢Цͷ
ãϱש
ʱҪשˡȥɡ⼸кüשԳҲûֻ֣Ƿİڰ˻ȥ鿼Щ
֮ǰʹͷûжΪʲôֲҪˣ
أһ߽ȥЩô죿
ô֪ĵۣߣ˰ͷҲûע⵽Ƶ²ۣͷҲ֪ôģ˵ʲôڵĹͷĲãоһ£ܸܲ㱣ĸáҲûŸԱզ
ͷĹͷǶԲ߽װԴޣȻǺǰ㡢ͷĹͷǶԲ߽װԴޣȻǺǰ㡢ͷš
⻰˵ĲСȻ¶һǡôЦݣų˵ҵĻи԰󳧸һ㡣
ƮƮһ仰˶ͣס˹ȥ
һͻȻֵİ˵Ļʵûʲô˵ɳ̩ȻӣĪһͷ˵а취أ
а취ɵʵȻǸԼţһ˿ϣ
ͷ쵼˵ͷֻΣҲǸǵӲָ꣬ˣ˭øã˵곧ϣأһҪͷ׼
ֳҪԸҵĻȥ￴һ߸˵˵˵
֣ܵλȻˣƢֱˬ𱬣ϴ硣
ͬ˵˵˵˵ͷɶܣҲóȻ˽ȥ
Щɡ
ڰֻ֣ˣҪǲɣ˵
Ҳ⣬ͷʼ˵ӰװʳƷ
Խ۾Խӵֱȵð⣬վекߣȥ濴
˵Ӳרҵģֻվھ˵ļϣú֪ʶṩ
רҵİЧȡӿõĶ޳õģ˶˺ܴջ
ǳļԱ
Ļˣ˵һһġ
˵𣿡
۷׷ףų²Ҳ˵ʲô
˱Ȼ˵˵󣬳ֱҪΪ֪ˣһһСֵܣ˵ָָһʮ顣
ʮ˵Ǹ߹ˣҲûܾЦŵͷ壬ҪŵùңҾ
ŵùŵù˵ĺ뷨ֳһ·϶ˢӣȻŵġ
ߵʱֳͷӣ澫ڹͷǲȱġ
ѲֻÿЦõıͷߡ
ôͷɶͥ迴һͷ۵ԸӣӾͲܼˣǹүû˵ڡ
ʵռҲǶȱϾأʱǺõļͥˡ
ɽԼˣƽͷǶˣճŪͷɲǶݳˣ
裬ʶ˸壬ǹͷ˵Сæ˼͵ġҲ֪ǵ͵
費ţǹˣһ굽ͷҲ˼棬һզʶ˼ôЩͷأ
裬ⲻ˵ҪǸȥȱȱש˳һѣߵʱҪҵġҵƱǮҽһǮûǰɣ졣ӿҪ֤Լ֤
϶صͷ˵裬ǮӳȥûǮ
轫ŽɣҲû˵ʲôĵҲ膪·ӻǵĽڼɲ̫ݳޣȻԺ˺զ죿
⻰˵Щӣȷʵͦݳޣһٰװ棬ٶлȣӻϸΡ
飬ӿһҲԼݳޣͬҲûҪֻۣǳϿҵĵͷ֤ȴһû¡
ͷȻַʢһ
Դ˻Ķٶٶȣ˲˵Ҳġ
ӴôͷöƱǮȻСӹүǸˣǮҲǣմɩ˶Ĩ˲ſڲıԹûȥǮƱ
ɩЩԼģûлǮҲ֪ڲʲôЩ⣬Ŀմɩ˵
ңôǮһֱմɩƲֹȻҲԵúãɲԸ˳԰Ժɶǵġ
⻰һ˲Ĭ
žϴܹ˵ʲô¼ҲҹŮؼôˣ⻰һϱհֶȥžˤ˿ӡ
ԶӣҪǳԲߣԲԣȥմմɩҲЩͷһͲͣ
մɩƲ죬ԹҲ𣬻Ļط
£ַʽԭúõķΧýҶЩĬ
룿§죬ѹСѯʵ
ۿЩ죬ЩѾ˼ˡ

л˵:
Բһ
ʮ·Ѱһ
ʧ ҽԺȥ
Ҫȥ
ϣʮһ¶ܹһ˳
ڶʮ
ѩ׷£ζѾŨˡ
ڰǴһʱˣ϶͸¶ϲ
س㰡ҪļָԱһǸ㰴ôǽһᡣ
⼸ԽദԽǸ˲Ű
϶м⣬ҲԼ뷨ЩνļԱ
ָǿ˵ǳˡ
æ֣ЦܵҲ֪Ҳϱʡ׵ģ껹ûȥء
Ҳ˵רҵ֪ʶҲԼǺģöһ㣬ʱãʱʤΣﻹġ
ȻѾܾΣˣһۣ̲סڰ֣ЦŵˣСӣȻȥ˱˼ש⳧Ÿ˽ء
Ͷˣڳ˵ש࣬ѡޣڴҼ࣬ļҵĶûʲôӸȻá
ô겻ǰ׻ģһ۾ͿóСӲǳ֮˵ҲӦ˼֣Ȼûʲôԥġ
ЦȻǡ
ͷⱱĹⵥ˰Ľͷø˸ԣһǾûʲô˵ˡ
Ѽ䣬˼ͷӣΣԴͷ˼죬ʱԹͷ鵱ˡȥʱȥһ˹Ӫꡣ
ռҵĲƷһմɩĳҲ㲻Ϻã⼸ԸоC˵㣬òһС۳ŵƣۣܲ
ӪĲƷҲྫ£ϾоͲˣʤڲƷǶһ㣬иѡ
һ£ʲôѯʵ
ԱǸɫװ黨ĹŹǷָָԱߵֽ棬̬ȺܷܣûˣĶС
ͷǶǡˡأˣҲ̬ȣĿֽϵ֡
ҪݶҪ߸ͷͳƱǮͷһϡ
ϼҲǷԱİѶ˸ʾĶš˵̵ߡ
Сͦ׵Ĵһӣ̾
ϼмƲ֪ǸĹˣѵݺõĻȥɡ
ãԴסҲͶԳסĶզںƱŸ·ˡ
ϴĻǾ·Ÿϵġ
㿴ŵɶٿɫȱˮˣֺǺǵЦһвȱˮʲôˮƽǿɫܿȱˮģͷɫƵĽ
ϼϸһҲˣЩı䣬ǹӪĴȻ
ͨˣ뵽˼¿ܲһĺÿģеС˼϶˼ɬ
װˣϼȥȫı˷ס
ӵûЩӹлл
ϼôòж˷ݺøУЦ̽лǼ˰ɣ
ƽʱӪ˺쵼ԼҵĻһһ˾͹ˡ
ֵĿһۣǰ仯ʵЩ󣬲Ҳ£òĻشûУҿϱЩCˣӡ
ϼϵЦһͣϱˣϱCҪԾôࣿ
ڷôҲûעC˴㶫ȥﲹܵӣҲʹһμȥ
ŶϼɰͰ͵Ӧһ͵ͷߡ
Ҳû⣬Ŷߡ
ˣ۾Ŀӣӻ磬ռ˻û¹մɩŴ󱦻ˣֻһˡ
ӿˮĴ۾Լûסȥһڡ
ͨƿǵĵһ۵ʲôأ
ӴĴָĨĨǣ̾ζʲôʱܻȥ
ռҲֶ࣬ɵʲô㡣
ҲǸʲôɵˣôôˣǳըˣ䶼ˣŽȥ졣
˺ˣҲ˵ˣҴʲôæ§СƤ˵Ҫ߳ŭˡ
ĴУһװһװŶиǰͷôࣿ
úóԷԵ㡣ӿû㶫Ƕ࣬ҪԼң޲ðȫϯû취ͷʲô̫ۣҲֻڳʳ¹ˡ
ָ˵ǰܼˡε˵
ദȻ֪б£ܵĸƱǮ񼸵ɱ˲ֻ֪ǰܼҡ
ˣԵõʲôܼҵġӲ˵
հǱȽϹĸĸȻضӵŮҲûкӣҲΪʲôܴôõԭ
ҪǵЩί죬ʹˣ߶߶ɣ˵ͬǺõġ
Ҳˣⶼǳ﷢ģʱǻȥʱʹЩȥհŶϲϹˣһ˷˰ǣ黨Ѽ
㶫ǲں˵ĺȻģЦӹ
أ쿴ֻհ˻Щơ
ãæʰںİֵȥ˼Ͷȥˡ
մϱһǲģÿ귢˸һݹȥհҲ̫ƽϵˣҲš
ͷҲٶ죬ϵĹͷУͷ⼸ѾˣŷкͷǾµզ˲ˣôͷ
裬ҽ˹ͷĹףһ¡վĽ͵
հһЦŵͷȷʵףףԽԽŮˡ
Ȼ˵ʲôԼŮ֪ܲϲʲôȫϲģǵΪף
Ȼ˵ˣ軹̲סһۣѾͷһûĵǽ٣ʼʳ˵Ŷ
챻ԸˣȥףֻĬ˵
Ȼ˷ѣѶһȣֶ˸ͷ˵ǺǷʢˣ⼸쳴ͷ⣬ḻ١
¥ռҵζɰеۺ컵ˡ
ôãʱ塣ǲˣǼҾڸڣ̨ǰŵģζһƮ涼ˣۺ֪˶پˡ
󱦶㡣˵ѵûϵСӳ㲹ԡ
Ȼˣ˵Ļˣ˵СˣȱҴӡ
մһȥңûҪǱ߳Է˵㶫ǾͿʼԷ
֪ճÿӣš
ռҵģǿȥɣǼϴǱߴˡ˼ææһǸŹš

ڶʮ
ˣȥ˼ôˣһﻹ˵ϳԷæվϡ
ɱϣԸϱ״綼´Ǿ͵ô϶ˣŴ캳سɤӺ
żҿܲŮŹŭ
ѡôִܶҴأմɩҲԹ
մȭͷŭҲ˵ɶ
˵ɶˣ˵ûҿ˵ͷ԰棬ôûǮӼһǣ˾ðǾͰǴˣżҴһģȻû
˵Ҳ򵥣մһ﷢˸˼һݣô꣬ϱңѵãǰżҲ˵
ɽ죬һżҴͿʼóմտʼ̣Ҳ֪˵ɶʹ
Ƕ÷öմҧг˵
ƨ˭֪ü˸ºûʲô£磬ùͷŴһм˵˵ҲŮ£մҲ֪մմ⣬ðǾʹˣ
˵ʱռ˸պøϵżҿɲռסͲ¥סԺʲôһ۾ͿˣſΧſֵ˲٣ҪȻҲȥռұˡ
ռһ˲ѻȸˡ
˵߶ϣһ£ɾһˣ
ż˿ӵҲ㣬Ҳֳ顣
̡ͱŻˣҲأ˿̿죬С죬ʱ䶼ڴֳ裬ϵܵĺܡ
쿴׵С۵æ˱ڻıţ
ӵ̩Ȼ·ղű˵˲һ
ʲôºӣ⼸һֱڹͷʲôָģͷҲǳ﷢ġɲ⣬
ʣ
ӴǹǮɸ߰ɣ
˭֪Ǽ١
ģǳϲˣþأ˵һʮǮأֵǰµĹǮˡ
ۣǿɲˡ
żҲһ㶣ʶȥմɩ˵Ǹɷֲõ
մɩЩ飬̧ͷ
ˣ׼ңˣֵĴҶûϴÿڶûߣ͵Ķ٣ǴûƽϹҪ֪㲻ǣհֳԲĳ˵
ֵôȻûٳ˵ʲô׵˵䣬Ҳɢˡ
Ҵȥߡ쵽ҵʱ˵
ȥɡհ̾ⶼʲô°
Щɻ󣬵Ҳû˵ʲôѴ󱦽͸ˡ
нһݡӰ˹Ӫꡣ
ϼˣλ˸ŮˣŰ׾ƲƲ죬û뷨ָֻ֮ǰ̬ȣһ仰:š
Ҳã춫ʣĶ࣬Ȼ͹ˣϼһŤͷˡ
ȥǳԲʲôȳԱӴҲǵϳԲˣ˫ӵݸ졣
򴽣棬˵ӣǻȥɣشҲñͣᡣôģӦġ
͹ˣǾͻȥӵ˵ǵľﲻ㣬հǺãմɩ͡ҪŪʲô㣬ҪڼңȻҲҪŵˣֻڣҪŪʲôóԵҪܶࡣ
˿ͷӸŽӣ˵ȻؼңóԵġ
ӳձͲֶ࣬ûǮ컹Ĳˣ۾ģ˲ٵá
˾һݽӲƵĹŻؼңһؼմɩŤŤĹŤ˵ɩӾûţϹ˵ģɩӸǸǱϡ
ӱûϣҪŮŵĴɩ
쵹ûǰ˵˵ɩӣҶˣû˭˭ĵطһ˵
մɩе㾽ȣæͷǣɩӲ˵
ŻָһЩͷϣɩ´βҪͱ˵Щˡ
ףԺһܹܵסȺСƨůůͬʱЩЦ
е죬ӷ˸۵Ϲ˵ɡ
ˣͣģմɩ쿪ʼ׼մɩ˲٣ÿڼҸɸɼ󱦣ΧǺ˲١
͸ǲȱģ׼ˣǽһдģմӾͿʼһӹķΧˡ
ϣҼһǰԼѹ׵Ķóˣ¥ζɰСǲˡ
׼ըӣӡ
ûͷըģԲĹĵ¹ζһӾͼˡ
ռӣҿҪ갡ζ̲סп
û˭ϲЦɲǣһҿԲˣȥ
һˣܲԹȥմɩÿһȥԶײڣƽȻССֵǸóְæɶû
ըһӣռҹϷһӣҹӸˡ
Ҫȥģӳ緹ʹ˳ʵ
ѹصĵȥ˾֪ˡ
ĺܣҲûٶʣԹԵĸߡ
Ӵ߹հ˹սпյʱûҶˣҲûĻк٩ء
ŵӵ°ڣСʵǺ𣿡
䣬ʲôҪġûϣСش
ͶѣҪץġɹ£ŵĲУ³˰ǶץΡ
ӺЦİɣҶа취жˣҪûҲܴ
ӵĻãֻʵ̼ҲͲôţĿŸָʱʱҪһ鲼˫Ьһˡ
Ů˵ԣƽʱﶼǹʲôʲôͻȻôԼԼѡһӾˣʲô棬žӾ͸ںǮö
жһ飬δͣ۾ģ˷ܵĲеá
ӺЦ֮ǰ֪˭ŲУ±ץ涼ߣɴȤٲߣؼҡĶ
ŷ֣Լ˺öණﶼòЩյôôණ
û£õŵģЩԵģպûȥҹˡַο
ҹʳģ׼ˣһȥģ˼ˣһ⣬Ѽ⣬ټϼеĹͷҹˡ
ոںһ㻹һԼһЩͷ֮࣬ҹӷḻڵˡ

ڶʮ
ҹǴһһڴһٷˣļͥһҲ뾡취ŪóԵĳһꡣ
ռסⶰͲ¥ÿһǹˣʽĹһжʮֻ࣬ҪŮ˲ٳֵĺãӶȥ
ûгҶֻʲôҿһŵһƽʱͰʱȣ˵һһεҹˡ
һ磬ŮǾæˣóԼҲҪԼҹĽĺꡣ
ռҲմɩĿʼæˡ
ԴӻռҾһֱǴﷹ۵صǾϴżҵ£֮ǰڹͷ¿Ǵˣ׵ǣҪΪͷ³ˣĿɿڴֲ֮ЩЦ
ռҵúһЩ˿ɶ͵ſأ뿴ռҵҹҪЩɶϣ۾ֹס޲ùƹǿһ
ڼ裬һҹҲǲģѼɿ״ħһͷƬ
Ӵȥʹͻƶһˣˣٳزˣ˺ͣ˿϶ʢˡ
û˼ҲЩֻһء
裬ͬ˻ɡӳȥþһһص˵
֪Ůǳȥ˻ģѾͷϲģȻʹĵͷӦɡ
ռҵģŮǼ޶ˡ
ɲǣƣҹģ¥ҵζЩǶ˶˼˳ˡ
ɲζζжأҿˮֹסˡΧĽ˵
û赱ȻֵЦУ۾ˣҲŵЦӦЩǣˣ̽Ķ裬ҪɣϢһ¡
ǴͳŮԣǲ˸Щģɵ֪ѳأʮټʵڸˣѵû˵ʲôһ£ΧĽ񣬵ͷɡ
Ӷգգۣ򴽣۾
Χǿɾ͸Ľʺˣֻ̱ųԵĴүǸҪǴʮ޲þͽȥˡ
˻ᣬӲȥȣ㣬ԭ㶳ǿ˿˺⡣
ζһ¥˶վſˮˡ
迴õɫζȫĺ⣬ְˣ̾ҹҪ˳ʮ
ɲǣһӿɾصģǻģĴ⣬˵Ŀɿڴˮ
Ǽ˿Ҳǰ۾࣬š
һӳԵһͣ󱦶ӳԵֻãĺⱻӶ
ȹӪóԲ֪ٱմǻζ˷׷׵ͷʾͬҲͳԹ˵캬һ㣬Ҳǳ˺ü飬մɩҲǰĲ˵ͷͣš
ҹһ𣬺óԵô࣬ȻҲȱٲ˾ƣռ˶ǰڵģҲʹƾƣ˼˼
ڼ䣬󱦿ŻķҪմÿմŸ򣬿Ŵ󱦵С飬һ֣ڡ
Ʋ࣬ܲס˲ܺȣհմЩˣӵ˫ѵúܣ̡ܸ
ϱáϣ§죬̲ס̾
ӻЦʵˣ
û˵ֻǾ§Ůˣһκ͡ˡһ꣬һҹԭָоⶼŮ˴Ǽҵĸоһֱ̣˵ĸоҲԽļᶨҪûŮ˸õӣΪҸŮˡ
꣬ӺʹشˣǳҲˣհ᲻ŮҲ֪סʰ
˵ǰѼôˣ˹﷢ĸʲôӹͷƵ⣬˶˲ٳҪ˴ȥ˲֪롰裬㲻øǣԼųԣǲȱԵģŵġ˽裬˵
ʱմɩ۾ҪɳˣҪմŹҪˣ˵ҲȱЩûҪ
ҲǴģﲻ֪ʲôģʱ˶õģùιˮǴȥҪ˺Ҳò赱Ȼͬ⣬С˵Ů´ٻ֪ʲôʱأĵ£
裬治ȱЩˣյ˵ӳ˴שֺ⣬˾һ˻㶫ŪööʲôУÿԵĺء
⻰ҪϿ벻ţֻΪ찲οġ
һһʱ軹Ųɡ˵ɷģǵĸĶҪ졣
֪һ£軹ǲͬ⣬۾ˣ죬˵֪úãһֲ֪ʲôʱܻܰϣҲܺܵ㡣
³û˵ˣۿҲźˣͷҲ
ǼƻǳߣӵһȥվƱ
һӾˣʱվ˲Ҳ٣ĵŶӡ
ͻȻ֪ʲôһ˴󺰣С͵ץС͵ҵİ
ֻʲôܹȥ׷˳ȥĸߣֳɶũҲǸǵġ
ǰС͵һǹ߷죬һ֧ձץ˸š
ӴŴС͵ĸ첲С͵ô׷ˣڴŴڰݸӣ磬;ȥһаʮĸأҪΪԿںõҲڴ磬ү
ŶҲȥ⻰αԣҲԼ£ɿ˵˵һ䣺Т˳ͲøⶪĹ˵Ͳٹ
ûѺţС͵̱ڵϣ֪ܵĻô£ɫҰ׵ˣһ˫۾ӵıӰ֪ʲô
İԶͿڴӬһת
˱Űæ򿪣涫ڲŰ˰Ѻ̧ͷȥӵлĸмлллл㣬̫лˡ
Ӱڰֵ֮Ͷѣֶ࣬ע㡣
æͷıŰⶫҪǶˣֻлˣ˻ҪǮƱӣһپܾ˾͸ӷҪ͡
Ʊ˶Ȱ˵ӱĥû취ֻ̾ˡ
˽ҦоˣﶼǱоϣմػ꣬ЩȣĴ̸ȷʵ֪ʶҲ͵ˡ
мʤ꣬ҦӽȥһߵҺԼԷίȺһ˵һٺúÿ㡣
֪׼˷˵ˡ
մ磬㡣һҦˣһվϲĺ
һҲЩȵɡ
Ҧ󿴿ֿȵʵʶ

ڶʮ
ͬ־Ǹˡ׷氡Ҧ¬ɵĻ̾
˿ɲ֮ǰϱקһѵ¬ҦһʶĹԼȻⷬ̾
ȻԼǸˣҲΪԼǸˣ⻰æڰֵɶѣ˭Ԯֵ֮ģҶѣܰһѾͰһѡ
ãС⻰˵úãڼҿĸ⿿ѣ·ߵԶŵһλ⻰͵ĿЦ˵
ȻʶˣҦҲûӣɴһһˡ
оϽڣϡϡ
¬ҲʶоҦΪ˫ܵ
Ҷǳˣദ֮Ƕġ
һᣬҶʶˣӲ֪רоģﵹȻ⡣
Ϊʲôܷչô죿ӱ۸ԾΪĿɲһһĿѧҡоƶоչ
̬ȻԽ𾴵Ҳ
ǳԵĺǢߵʱϽڶ̸²̵ӡ
Ʊǳϵģȷʱ䣬ռҵԽͳհۿЩ죬˵ˡ
ߵʱ鲼ڴǴ֮ȫöǰ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôܾĻ
ڷûԼޣհմվֱӰ˲Żȥ
ģǡ˱ͷͨͨ۾ο
֪ôףܻȥǵӺö£˺öϵſ֤ȻûбʲôϣǵͷЦЦ
ĳأټγͺһ·ɰ˸ǺҲ۵ĹǺ
ΪשҼһٶһǮȻҲǱ˲٣Ҷٶմ˵ˮҲϲ
Ӻãϲ˸ĸڴһشؼҵ·ϿǱȫ˵黶ӭ˸顣
ƽʱμҹϵһģשĺ֮Ц˼֣˲١
ӴμСӻˣĺðɣ
ڻˣ˿ɶˡ
ûãϽؼЪŰɡ
һ·ϣ˵˶Цݴк
磬ɩӣǻˡϢأӰɵüֺ
Ҳܸˣ壬ҿ̲ס˵壬Cˡ
ֹû취ѽ˭һҪǮķͣ⻰˵Ҳ˵ɩӣҲCˡ
ďCȫΪԵûôˣȻCˣďC͵Ϊӹߵʳ
Ů˵˵ȥεɣǶCˣߣһؼҸ
ͷȥ
ߺ岢ûȥңϾиڲ̫㣬ԼҲ࣬þò﷢Ȥ£Ӳ岻ϻֻʰ˳
СӡŴɤŻſھʹˡ
Ӳֳ˳ŴŸ룬ﻹðأ˵Сӿڻˣӿ㣬ⲻϢҸ͹뵽Ǹջѵ
Ǽ򵥵ཷ⣬ӿļƬཷ͹ˮġ
ллӣлл塣ҹϵҲǿӹл
СѧѾˣȹͿѡʦϿˡŴϲǸ갡שСѧҲˡ
ȷʵǼ£Цŵͷһöը:֮ǵש˳ȥиҪ˽˼ש
ɰŴˣͣĴֵðǹ߾ͿʼաСӿǸﰡͺҹ껹ܸש⡣
Ŵôˣѹָ˸ص壬שȥҲȥ
ڴһǮһǷޣɻʲôķ㲻١
ҪԼҲܹԼשңֻŴĶǿῪ˵ǶӳΪȫ忼ǣ˭һ˽ҲûأԼӣҲ۵ġ
ӣŴֲסӵļ򣬲ס˵СӣСӣС
ԴСȢϱǳ׿ˣڣϺӰһ̣ŴޱȰ
Ŵżˣӽͷӣ࣬ˣһˡ
˵Ļû˵أִյһȥˣӼĵĿģҡҡͷȥˮȥˡ
Դ֮Խʣʱ̫СҲ󣬺˵µĴڰ
ɩӣǲ֪Ǹ֪֪ദ϶ˣɰ֪ˣǰ˻һءö˿֣Ķӳһʮ֣дء֪ǸԼɩӲԸ˵ʹ졣
컹û뵽֮󣬻ᷢô£Ů˱ͰԣĽζͻȻ֪Ļһ㶣漴ЦЦû¡
֪ϲź㣬źͱ˴϶ˣƢҲ
ȥ˯ľɩһҲҪ˯ˮ廹˷ܵ첻أ̧̧°ʾ
˵лĶ࣬Ȼӵӣ٣⻹Ļ
ƽ˳ɻٳţѵܹ˵ͣסǸĿ˼ɩӣȺúϢٺ˵
ĽζȤŨأҲ֪˵ͷá
һߣӾǰ§סͷͷ˴˺֯һͳ˵ʲôأôģûͣ
ȵϢϣͨ죬ҲЩͣûûɶǴ﷢һЩ¡
ַĺףû˵
ɳư𣺡ˮպˣϴˮ裬˯
ڶ죬ĺ磬첻ͽˣ˯˿Ҫ𴲡
ɩӣҸ㰾߲࣬ϣ˴ȣȥˣҲʲôȻһЦĸҨ࣬
εĽӹллл㣬塣ݺݵһ
ӽϵһ¾ǰݷǣҲûʲôصĶ
֪ϲԴպӴһʵĴ⣬ԼŪ˽һСը黨صĶǿǺܵǵġ
Сӣˣ֪ҺһڡƽϲԵЩС⣬ЩҲ㲻ʲôѡСһ⡣
ǣҿǸשһ⣬Ҳ㲻׷ӰɡЦ˵ϾҲǽڳȥשܿôõ֤
ˣܾȣЦҹȻûСǿӣ֮ⶼˡ
ⲢӵҪĿģЦЦͻȻи󵨵뷨ҪҪ
ǵĺı˳Цŵһ۵Сӣлֱ˵
Ҳٵθڣʼ٩٩̸
۾ɴˣִ֣һʼֱҡͷˣԽĳĬ
Ҳûָ˵ʲô˵֮Ͳٶ˵ʲôˣҲû˼ٺҲû
ǼңӾӽǿԺӡ

ڶʮ
磬һΪءҲǹϾǿڳԼķӡ
ǿþûҲǸˣЦţ͵ݷЩ
Ҳǣӵͷһ꣬ǳԵԴڵĿس̶ȣӿ꿪ʼ׷Ѿûͣ
ǿŮ˸˲ˮ˳Եľͳȥȥˣ˵
ԴӺӺǿҵԽԽˣȻҲޱ󣬶Ӵ󷽵úܣӻ֣ˬǰˮͷţɻȻЩȥ͵ˡ
ͷԵ⣬ֻܵŹɱԼðŷȥ
˵ţˣţɶǱ˶˵Ǻܹˡ
ҲǿϾǿȥЩֻ಻٣ʹĵͷɣҲ˶ƣⶼϡġ
һƱӷŵϣǿˣǿгһֱҪĹҵЩ̡Ʊ
Ӻ͹ǻģںġ
ǿȫƵڻϡ⣬ﶼǽλ
ǮƵ˵ƱƱϡ棬Щ⣬ϡ
Сб¡ǿ̾Щ򽻵ҲûһŪôࡣ
Ӱڰ֣ô̶Ҳ˵ת˵Ķ磬ȹҿܻҪһשȺ˵һʱٺЭһ¡
ǿȻͷɡһƱǿһƬȣûٶǮԽԽͷ˰
ǿ³Էĺ⣬ӴŶؼң˶ڿ飬ڴ塣
죬㿴Ҵʲôˡ¶һԴֺõЦĲӡ
޴ڸеĬĬʰԼļһʲ˳ȥˣǲҪﰭˡ
ͷӵĻš
Ҳţɴյǰţɣҳˣˣһӣ
˵㷴ӳ̧ͷһۣСԹ϶ӡӣ廹ڼء
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ȥʲôӼˣЦʵ
ԣȥջ𡣡Ҳˣϣһ߽ţ׼
ƽҲǣϾͻڳջ
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˳ˣǹĲˣ֮ǰŴټȫ˿ʼÿеġԱᡱ
˵ʱѴҽеΪ˵¡ŴȳɤӺ
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ⶼÿ̸ˣˣЩ˶ʼվŴǷˡ
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˰һ£Сѧ֮ǰʦģ춼ȳԣ˾ܵʦŴһöը
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֮ĶҪģ뿪ʱÿ϶д˶־
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Կǳɼĺþܵþ͵ˣȫԼһҡͷܾ
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ǹģ㲻֪ҺһطģǰҶ֪Ҫߣ˵
ӽŲһ٣ת

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ͬ־ǰǡͣ˽Ų⣬ƲӣƵĿڣ͵׷ء
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ǲùˣϵЦԽĲ
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ӴţѾÿ޳ˣӵ֣˵һ죬ҰҸϽ˵һ
ӵ֮ˣˣӲûоȣƽͷ֪ˣȥɡ
磬ҪҸطɡϸʦѧôõĳǿȻҲʲôСˣеԣ
ܲһֱȥļ磬ûٺ˵ʲôֻ˵ȥӶˡ
˵겻Թ˵ĹţǿŹϵţҧҧͷܡ
ٱ˵Ǵ廹е죬°̧𣬵ۿŴ
Ŵ˸̣ЦܰǴȽ塣
Ǹʲôӵģ˭죬۾תţҵʲôɷ
үүǰǵǸõ͹ʳأ˵أھǸƶũˡŴ͵
ȻǵûĻһͷӵϣۣһ޲ڽӾ͵ģ
ŴﰵȴЦһʿأǺͬ־
ǸӣǴΪҪġ죬òץ˸ͣԸ׷ŹŴ˵
ǰӰңʹǹȥŴǱһһ
Ǻ죬ĵͷ°ʾ˶ϡ
ŴõԺӣָ˶˵⣬μˡ
һɺ죬ľŶ˴󶴵ӣƬ̵Ĵ㶣⣬Ҳߡʱ塱Ĳһ
ӣϽ죬ͬ־ˡŴš
Ӵţֻ˲·Ŀˣͷ˿ҲһҲƵú
źµˣӺһϴһĿİͰͣͬ־㣬ң
ǽӵٱʱ·ߣܣǡ죬һ룬˵
ңͬ־ȻҼǰǵͷ˵ءֿ̯Ц
ǸķӣҪ򵹵Ķ󡭡죬Ƿȥһ˵ǡÿν˼Ҷ˵ġ
ܳ⡭ɵӰɡﰵϵǸֳίҿһֱѧϰΰ˵ġҲǻӡ
ⲻ˵ġ죬ʾ˽ȥѡ
ӽͬһ·커󣬿ڼ﷭䵹񣬰Ѷ߰㣬һƬǽ

ʮһ [V]
ı˸׳죬ͷһ·ƱӻһѴĺ
ǶѺƷϣһۿͺˣæȥ񣬽ڻʵ˵Ǽһʳˡ
һôû뵽ôһ⣬־ЩЦѾͷݵĻġ
Ҳһ£ͼҲȥ˼ȥˡ
ŴĶĬĬ졣
¸ͷҡҡͷʾûҵʲô
ͷĺ±˺ð죬˵ǵĶӣ񣬾ǻӣҪߡ
˵꣬кҪȥӡ
ˣżҲ˲࣬˱۾ͿʼźţֻˣҪǴˣҿզ֪ͲΪ˱֮޸㣬ҲҪ統ء
һȻ֪ϷޣﻹǲۣæˣˣҶԲס㡭
ˣÿܻˣֲˡʵûģͷĺ
һҪӴȥģŮʱҡˣǻûеء
Ŀ˲ûˣͷС
ͬ־Ǵˣ㿴ܲǴԼŴǰһ̽ʵ
ȫҪҪǴҲ˵ţҲҪ
˵꣬ͷġʹ˸ɫǰ˴ߡ
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ߵʱӻͷһۡ
ۿʱĺˣǼһĨЦ΢ҡҡͷʾԼû¡
ӱ˴ñӣǰ˸ӡӺһν֡
¾˻ߵʶű˵ġ󡱡
˶ͨصͷ̧·Լ
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ǱһĵطվţҪվһ
ЩϷ͵ȲˣҪЩӡ
ϵ˵Ǹףǲʶټϸղź²û˵ʲôӵġΪ
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ҲмӵģӲĿ
ӱĸ׳˿ޱſŻЩˣһʱǰ
һͨҶӵ·ˣɫǰӡӣЩǻѪЩڵϡ
ֻһ˻ö˶˵վţֻ·ЩңϵҲûʲôˡ
վţֻһǡ
ӵͷϸϸĻ䣬ʷʱ򶼷ʲô£ⳡʲôʱ
ͬ־ңͿڳԵģ𣿡̽ʵ
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¼ֻһͷڰֵȥɣ㡣˵죺ӶãԶ
ʱ̧ͷźֺõЦһ˲ĺ޷Ŵ
쿴ΧһƬ״ɫһףæ첽ӣӻãֻ·˵㣬͵˿
Ե㶫ɡΧ̫࣬첻˵ʲôд򿪡
ֱŵģֻι±˿ʲôõʳ˶ûҳһ
Щûʲôζôӡ
һ·ϣӾԹߣⳡ־磬ԵһιķۿͻȻˡ
Ϊԭ˵ʮᶼѾ
ֻһ˳Եģ˶ĬĬĿţŸѵ촽ۿﶼĽ
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Ӻȫ̶û˵ߵʱѹ˵˾䣺ڼҵ㡣
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˰²ᷳĽ⿪ǣǻȥ
ϣص
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ſڵˣӳҰ˿
ˡ뵽쿴ĳͺµĲУϼҲ
ЦȤû뵽㻹Ϸ츳
뵽磬һ壬յͨ죬һ۵ǲû취
Ӵȥһڣ佱ҵ˼ĺܺá
һۣҲЦˡ
ȻѾˣΪԷһҲûʲôζĶĹͷڳһޣ˸跹ԡ
죬ҪɣԺٽ顣ҹӱ죬ͻȻɳ˵
ƿаҸټһȥ
ӸĬ˺ܾ˵Ĳ
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ң֪ˡӿסԼʵðŻص
ÿ춼ᱻȥȹšӡһȦվһ
տʼߵ˺ܶ࣬ÿ˵˺漸ûʲô
˵ԽԽˣǾվţûʲô
Ȼ˵˲컹ÿ춼ǲ׷Ҳùܡ
쵨Ӵһ㣬ͻƬ⣬ߵ鼦ٻ߼ƬҶ
ÿ²ţԼŻڷʲô˵Ȥ
ӵ£Ҳ֪ϿᣬǴҲҪŴվʯͷϣȶãƽƽģ·˵ʲôһ
ӻǴǿվţһվԱߡ
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Դӱд˼ٴӴʵ٣Żᱨء
Ŵһۣɨ۴һЦҪǲ¼һŶʹ
Ҳûүӵģ
һܹүӶݣʹˣ֪ʲô˵ʲôҲ
Ҫ֪үӺҪġ
û˵ŴŽˣ˵ﻹûзֺ죬ҪǸ첲գԼˣԺשûǵķݡ
Ҳ˵ˣ׳˵ʲô岮ֵܵһۣҲ˵ˡ

л˵:
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ʮ [V]
ԴͷЩ¾ȥ飬©һӡ
˭ûͱ˳ܣ
ºˣ˵д
˵㷸£ҲҪô߰ġ
˵ӣиӳꡣ
νֵԽԽ࣬ЩҲУһʱԽԽ
ҲԽԽ࣬쵽ʲô飬л֣̿ܲžͲţڼҲҺִ±дֱ
μҴשѾͣˣﶼأǴΨһϣ
שεѵõġۡһûֵòɿϾͬһĿ꣬Ķ˲١
ʱ򣬴ûһǸ˵Ĵʱһⳡҿשܿ㿪
ӻճÿ챻ν֡վţٻشվš
ڶϰҪڴȳϿᣬŴƽĿͷΪӦҪ󡭡Ͽչ˹ͬ־ᣬҲҪ
˵ףȻ͸øʲôʲô
иŮǴë·֯ë£ǴֽƣС˯һʯӡ
ǿӾͷŵһԣվź˵飬ȵһСʱͿԻȥˡ
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ȫᣬ˿ͣһһ
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ҲܹѽȻǵĶӣͷ˵ˡ
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ұ˿ⶥñæֵİͷԣ˵
ûҼ֣Ҳû߰ʣЩܿѵȺȥǻӵĴź侲Ŀߵһۣһ
Χ֪һ˵ˣһѵһۡ
ɹؼûܿѵȺڰԴӰשӱù˲٣ﶼмء
ЩĶԲһ껹մϵء
ҪǲҾȥٱǰӻӣźţһ˫۾ʢ˶⣬ӡ
ӵƲһۣǿϵĳˣصͷһһˡ
һﲻ֪˵ʲô㿴ңҿ㣬Ŵ̸Ҳû˵
ҴСࡢУ˵ʲôˣ֪ڳһӣͷˣƺͦӲʣŹȾҪȥź㡣
źˣһ֮ҲˣæͷӴȥǹȡ
Ӿ;Ź׷ӵĶӶϱϽҪȥһ
һˣ˭ϰǴ£ޣүӵ˸졢ʳ㻹֪Ǹ̥أӡӼĺܣ嶼Ź׷źкֵġ
ĺǸں棬ˤţţһϸЩˡ
׳һһ߲˵
ӴӲȥԸƵ澾סź콫סԼ׷ۡ
ͣ־йߵĸ¡
źðǣ۾ˣӴСࡢУô㻹ǳأ˵ǡɣ
ʱǳйμҴģºû˸ҽӽռҵʱ͵͹ԵĴȥء
ӳ£аߣӲ˵ɲͰͲסŹȴ
һͣҪˣҿɲ㣬ȥңҺˡһɤӺ
źˣź˻Σָɤӵƶũǿʿʿףڲӱң氳ŰʿףҲð
˵ǲҪŰʿףһ
ź֪˵˼仰Լ˶ٴ򣬻Űʿף˲ûʹæҡͷûУûС
Ӿ͸㣬Ҫȥϸ״Ҳȥ档˵꣬ŷŹ
ź㿴ŴȳĴٿƺϷ֪ǣЦһҪ˵ʲô
ֿۣۼҪȣźƼæתˡ
һ⣬ﻹٸ˵ʲô˼ϰʮûûͷˣʿףǿɲΪϸ
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ݵȥӡ
ؿڴŹöϱǷƵߣߣ̧ͷƤգգۡ
һ㶣ʶȥӣӶЦЦ
ǴӺò׺Ҫ֪ͼүڣļûӰŴｨשǽɱͷһ⣡ҪǺģҲǱԸˡ
ⳡ־ŴĳĿ˵
˷׷ױʾģʲôʲô֮ġ
ӿһϤİףһξʵԼˡ
ҹ˼ңӹӵ¡
ӵļﵹеģЦſڵ̫̫ģ̣ǽ黹˺ģˣɷǸ졢ʱүү֪ͨ졢ǰԲҹ˺öŴȥ
үүȥʳɷû滹սˣʬ廹үүȥһģҲүүġ
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ӵͷ֣ص֪ġ
ԭΪ¾ˣû뵽ûôһȺ¡
ź˭εĺһӣĺܡ
ŴźۼüæصǴ֪࣬ס֪
µͷ˹ȥʲôҲû˵ͿʼѲ顣
ź㲻סҪȥŵͬ־ûз󰡡
žűӵĺüһӣ鵽ϡ
һӣź۵öڵϣ֪ҶӲĴԭء
ڶȫһ飬и´ͷ﷭һֽݸΪ׵
űӵĺ·ţʱҵүǡ⻹Ĺţ˵ǷɣҪߣ
˵˭Ҳû뵽̫̫һ˵ĻȻ
ֻ֪źµúܣʱϹҲܳԵı֪ǮҲû뵽
Щ°ߣûкùӳˣûţźȺ¾Ͱ˺ݺݵشһ٣Ҳû˸ȥߵʱ׵ġҹŴẓ́뵽ĳҡͷء
ӵû뵽üôͻȻҹ
˵źѾˣͼԶ֪඼ǽ꣬ٻǡ
ŴҡҡͷһӰ˴
˻Ҳڽأ˭ܸɳأ
Ǹ˼Ůˣʵ벻ˡ
壬ӦÿҪˣҸæ

л˵:
ллŮǡ
ʮ [V]
ʱ˵УҪ͸ģܳ׸조ӡ
Ǳɡӡ˱νֱ֮·ŵ²μ͸ġ
֪ﶼҪòɻοǳɷֲõġӡ
û취̫࣬ÿֵЩӣǺ޶˵ģôʲôô
һЩӵ˵һ¾ǿᣬ˹ڸ߰ϼԼĴٰ˴һ֮󶪽ţڶ۵Ļ
ϴһ¾ص·ͷһ룬Ҳ࣬˿ҲûͦļҲʱĥĴȥˣƤץŷˣʵǱ󣬵𣿡
ˣˡʦǣǰѶʰһ¡Ǳͷתͷżλ˵
λ˶ϲ״̬ĬıԼ
ֻһˣ÷ϣȻû̫ǵĶҲٵÿ
ȥ˵ءͷĶż˺
ǣǣȥǱЦҪҵҲϵҵģȻ·ֵܼ
ŴˣܾȣϾ嶼´߹ģĻ
ٿżλˣŴüͷĸˣ⣬ôϵ˼ңǹܸİ
ٶ࣬ŴҲûбֳϹЦǸʦ˵˼仰˸̣ҳϵı顣
Ŵ˿Ǳɣˣû˵ʲôֻʾǸ塣
Ҫȿ
·ϣǱ͵͵˺Ŵϥֺ˵ӳʹˣܲվ֣ҾУǰס˷鷳ǲǣ
ŴԼ޲ȴɣúܣϻûȥϣֱ̾ǰƻȥ̾á
ǱΪܾԼץҪ˵ʲôȴץסҡҡͷʦҡͷǱֻܰס
˶ڴȳˣҲڣڴûٹӣվţԱ˻ںʹ˵Цʲô
ӳ˻ˣȳһ˲䰲
ȿżˣЩ¡
⣬ôôˣ
ǰôͻҪ͸ģ඼ɣ
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ôǴ嶼Щͷӣܸʲô˵ڴ嶼꺺ӣĥ
ｻͷӶ۷׷ףǼλ˶ͷĵ͵͵ģɫɷס
ˣҪ˵ˡŴ鲻ӣ˵
ŴӳǴѡȥģһҲɫöٴʵ̲סҲֻԸС졣
ȥԼзĴ˵һ¡Ŵ˵
Ǽû˸ǴñҲû˸ǹӣ߰ʶûУ鶼㶵Ĳ֪ô졣
ǱӦ죬ϵͷһȥ±ѿԿĶ䣬Ҳˣ
ɫЩף򶨣ǱSˣ򡭡Ѿʶ󡭡Ҽලҡ
ƪһ˲֪ٱˣѾˣ˵ĺܹٷҲûãϾе
˿ͷͼˣ˵ļĶͬС죬ѿС
ֱǷЩֱҸһ˯
˿ɫҲһ㡣
ˣ˴ȥţʰһ¾Ϲܸ졭˵ţŴĸˣüͷ壬ָָţȥι
ΨһǱҪȥʩʡ
˶Щ˼
ǼԼǰϻȥʲôģѾǺõˣ˵ֻøţιɵĻ
Ǳ嶼ǺˡϿţéݣۿЩ죬Щʵ
ʱǿյһⶼ˴ˡ
Ǳ뵽ոǳɵᣬŵͷѹҰ˵֮ǰȽӣ忪ţӳҲǸʵˣܺùЩǡ
뵽Ĵߵˣ緢񲻹̶һ¾ͳ׷Ǳ̾ΪЩˣαأ
Ǳ󱾿Բ죬ĴأֻҪתһ׾ȴִ磬ⶼΪ
Ҳۣ׷Ӧֻͣ˵Ƿǽ֮ˣǱᣬαԼ
ǱҡҡͷλʦһΪʦΪʦȥĽ̵ǳʦѣܶ
̾־ο̾ѧû׽
ĸ˶ǻѧĽڣ궼ǳѧģҲǱ˶ٱˡɡñӡ
ǰж⣬ж
ЩŮͲϵҪǱһֱչţܻŵ

أϰʮ˶Ҫ·͸ġ뵽ļλˣЩᡣ
֪ⶼõˣЩط֪˶ˣЩûҪ˵ֻǵͷǼλӦʦȻǣڲ˵ġ
뵽Ҳ̾ǶôҪ˰Ǳǹҵһֱ󡰲ƸȴԴ
⻹Ҫð졣
Ӷˣͷ˿ˣֻоܲӭĵķ羰
ֻȥԣȥԴҵԼȷ·
ﲢֹֻۣ˵ŵԸɡ
˼ӡǴûô仯
տʼ˼ߣ˷ԷǻӣȥΪǡ
ԴӴһ֪ʦֱ̾ԼĶԶ
ǱӵҲѹٱط˺öˡ
ỹǾտʼȥ֣һﶼˣԸһվţȻֿʼԸԸĻ
룬СѧбҪġ¹ŴѴټһ˵
ҪҪҵӿɲֶܴʶһЩ˶Զرִһ⻰͸æ˵
ɶãôЩʦء
ǰЩ˿ɱȲۣڹÿɲϡ
ҲͬͷӦ͡
ƨ۹ⳤԶ˿ɲ룬
ַΪɣִݡ
֪ܲ˵һ䡣˺ܾãſڡ
˵ΪġӡûʸμģŴҲϰĴڣû˵ʲô
˵ɣСӣࡣ
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ѧǲҲѧʣ
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ҪҲܵΰˡѧңҽǴɾͷˡ˵
ΰˣѧңҽ˵һ붼¡
һأһԼ޾ǸϢأ˭ϣԸгϢͣ
˶Ĭˡ

ʮ [V]
Сѧˣͬǣ֮ǰҪʦ֪Ǵ˿ȴˣԼɳϾţ
Ŵź죬ʹһ֪˵˵Ŀͬһԡ
˵Сѧʵש
ЩӵҲשģ̨ϰһСڰ壬ªĺܡ
ʦһҲ鲻Ըĺܣɫڵúܡ
ЩĺƤʵ̰ˣ͵ҪЩĻܹסĺƨϵ˻ȫðġ
һҲ棬ȥӱߴСȥʮĺű飬ԼС˵
ԣСųԡһСſˮͬӦ͡
˵žҪܳȥ档
û¿Σβȥޡæסǣ
ҲŲҪһҲûУԺҪȥ£춼ܳ⡣űС˵
һϸĺôûأԡ
ʶ㣬˵ˣ˺ܶ󻹲Ǽ޸˸ӣ˵ţûáСмĿһۣͷҪȥ
컹ҪţСȥҲ׷Ų˸ܣ˵źҪȥ棬һôסˡ
ӾֻʣɵСλϡ
쿴ŽʣµӣЦһܿ񣬴Ц˵ǿʼϿΣ֮ǰȸҽ£ںܾúܾǰǰ
Ȼûʲôˣ컹Ǽְѽ׼õĿ
ҵúӻȥдҲͰѽѧֳ顣
ĺӶ£ɵĵͷ˵ס˾żĲӺ
߳ң֪Ҳ˻࿴˿Цҡҡͷ
ԭͲ⣬ǻӿεң֪˵ʲôҲԸٽ
һӾµȥˣֱ˵ԸµأҲˣúܡ
Դ·͸ĵ֮߳ӾͲȥϰˣֻҪڴͶС
ûʲôֻǹֺܵͣٵÿҺҲԷӰ첻
ôˣ¹緹䣬ѯʵ
콫Ĳ˷ϣʹյúܣ̰桭˵Ž¸һ顣
üû˵ʲôֻͷοġ
Ҳ֪ҰˣһʱҪԹڽȻܣ̾Ҳֻˡ

θ磬ʹұֶˣ˵ǿߴ㵸Ͽͷβȫ˵һ顣
ȺСӡЦ
ɲƤĺܣ´ܵġǿͷʾԼͬ
ǱֶӣֻҪͷۣʢļҶܲˣӷ
æӹ֣ʾչ
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ǿһʮߡҲǿǰĺӡ
ǿ˼룬ȷ磬㲻Ҫһٰɣҿɲɡ۸СӣǶඪ˰
ӸһԹϱЦʲôأôô˼𣿡
ǿɲһǿ뵽θϡСֹ廹ǳʵǱ̽̽
Ӵյߣ˵˼仰ǿ鴤ӵĿθ磬⣬š
Ӵ㣬ǲ֪ҼҹɴӴѧ˺ü֣ؼһϣʲôŶԣˣ֪ôдҸ㡭
Ҽ˵ʦǽˣ˵ʲô
Ҽ޻ǳأ˵ʦ̵ġ
Щ˿εļҳɵˣ߸ɻҫ·ԼҺӸ˶һ
ߵ⣬Щӿεļҳɾͱͨ
壬޲ҲϿզҺ˵ЩʦҲϲʶֵˣҵѧʦͿϲңҳԡǿǿĵ߳ܣλ˵
Ǵզ֪ؼҲ֪ӿˣ
ûɶһ˵޶ѧĺãֱһʣʱͷ̧
ǱǿʵԸľˣǰѴһȦ
ϻȥһСӿ˻ͳˣ˷ġ
ʱשǹ˹ҳӦúúùܹܣԺ󻹲
һСǣڶ͹ԹԵڽ治ӿΣֻƨ
ˣ֪˵ʲôٽ̣Ŵ˵˵ҲûãҧӲɽҲŴͷߡ
ֻʣһʦȻһϿˣÿ׶εĿβϣһɤӶ˵ˣҲվˡ
۵ĸ찾˺ɤӣü´αˣʵڲоһһ꼶
ҡҡͷɳɤӣԭˣˡ
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ҡҡͷû˵ӵЦЦӹˮɤӵ
ҲʹߵĺӿıӰּᶨĲ
ͻȻԼˣǽεα谮ŮˣԼһ;
ԱϡšĳƺſԴݵԼ
ҲΪȰĹ±裬ɤˣҲˣɿԼᶨǰߡ
һ˲оٹ⣬˼Ƭ̣Ҳˡ
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ЩҳԸôûϣԺҽѧң᲻гϢ
ˣˡ˻ȥϲӶûãſӻŻŸϹ˵
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ŴһԼСӣǿһ£ӦֻţɤӼĺǸӣҪ㡭껹ԹĿһԼ˵ĵ
һΥĶǵĵˣ
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ͬ־ͬ־ôˣŴ·ſǣæ߹ȥָ˵˵ãء
ͷĺµͷǾ㡣߹ü壬Щ޾ɵģֱӣ
ǣǶЩӣǺ֮ǡŴҧгݵ˵
µͷֽͬüΪʲôڸ߰ϣ
ŴЦŵÿ¹ǹڵϼԼĴϥǶˣͱˡ
˵ָָϣźͼҳ˵ӵأˣڻ
úܣͷ˶ٱ˵ǴѺöԴӡ
Ŵ֣æ֣ܰ˵˵͸ĸϲģǸɻģǲǸ̫صĻһզ죿
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ŴtuiһϻЦŷţǺͣһᣬܾû˼ˡ
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ٱᱻٱͬ׳Ѳʲôϵ
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ţӲעӣæջͷЦЦ˸ͣǳԽӡ
վűʱͷ˲̫Ľֻ˵
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ĸ̵Ķ˶ʮˣо飬ʲôסǣ֪ǶʲôȤ
ڿģϷҲϲ
Сѧǳ׿ˣٲںǼѧȥ
ЩϿεƤģڿϵңؼҾͻᱻ˷ԼĴССҲⲻһ
а취͵͵ĽǡˡģʱˣҲֻܡԹɡˡ
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Ҳں֪ķ⣬ʼĿ졢о
죬ˣ̫߸߹𣬸ۡ
淢ͨ棬Ϊԩͬ־ƽժũñӡũŮɷ⡭Ŵͨվʯͷϣȴš
𣿡ӯץԱϵ֣ѡ
ƽˣְ񶼻ָˣǲǡϾšˡͬ棬Ҳᡣ
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һİϤоԼΪμˣΪˡӡ
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ҪţǸ֪಻˵̼ٵĺôҲǿճûȥ
ﲻǻôǼ춼û㡣
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ƨﶮƨҦԽһ
ԴΪ˿԰שĹˣǳΨһŮԣֱǰʱæ˸
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ǰ죬屻ˣӦҦԽﵣģûϹڼš
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һҲһ˲ĻңӽžǷŭżɤѪˣҪȥ㡣
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һֻץס֣һֻסԸȥ㣬㡣

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СӶǵһγôԶţҲǵһͳ
˵ȻỹҪƤ𳵣͸èץһĺ޲Լˡ
θ磬վԶ߹ȥҪãαԸƤڴʵĲС
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ǿʦѧһ֮⣬˶ǵһγʲôϡ棬ڴĻǴ˵еĻ𳵣
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Сɻͷߣ֪Ҫȥɸʲô
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æȥӹ˼ĵӣԼԾУʲôУ鷳
ԴˣŴӸͻ͵ԵģӴ˵ҦԽҲ͵㶫Լˡ
Ӱڰ֣ˬúܣӿɶҪ㲻Ը⣬ӻֱȥԷأҲʡһˡ
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ӡɬĺһӰڰ֣ЦúúãӲȤˡ
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ϿεĺҲˣҪȥУĿΣУθɴӻָǷ˼٣úǶȥ֡
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Ȼæ˵ûûУĻֻǸʹɫŤͷͿվڲԶ
ôˣɫ˲תΪ磬󲽵졣
д⻰һۣҲ֪ĳôܻӭأ
æ֣ϱҿûлӣ˭֪Ůôˣǲ֪ǰ
Ҫ˵
ûУǰװˤҷ
ûǿܣ½Ƕû
úúãҴˣҲú˵һ֡
ԶΧң㣬ɵø̾СӶԸϱ赽

Ѿͷ㵽ûкǸɶ׷Ͻ׷ʡ
ⱾǼٵģ˵ҪҪҽﻹ˵ѣǺ裬е£㲻Ҫ˵û˵ֻ
ȷʵûȷ˵ֻﰵӺ棬ôô
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׳ͽǽӣǰ漸ӣҪϼ֣ٳ裬춪ôлԺǺöҪ
Ҫǣﻹû£˩סӣҪܸӣ߼޸ӣô٣

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Ĺúù Ǯ
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˵ĺܿ죬˿˴ýŽ˽ңڶ콯ͱŸˣô޶ûá
ô죿ں涼ˡ
Ϊöˣҵ͵˺ܶ࣬ĬĬĸɻǰһԹ
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ⶼ޹أ£һ¿ξҵּҡ
ּڴβ˵ʹһéݷ۶ܿûά
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򴽣ǰţ˿Զͻ˸
ԺһƬ˳ˣʮԺ·иû˫ĿûҸ첲
ʦ쿴˲վǺ޴վԭأֲԾĽһ
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үү죬ʦͷش˵Ļ
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Ů˿ԼӣˮʿڣңҲû취
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˵Щʱĸۿͨ죬ΣʺüҪ˵γ֪ϲ飬Դȥѧ쿪
мҹܿ͵͵Űѧ֣ȻҲ۵СԶЦ
ԴӲȥѧ֮ŶӷСҲ۰ʵû취
˿ն۾Ҳֱᣬ߬һ
ּҳͷգ
С˵õ︸ĸǹˣܳԱҲǸɻ۵ҲͿ˴ͼ޸ӣţ˵֪ܶͥƶһֱ֡ҵ
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үүǿӢۣȴһ·ûСּļҾҲûһ˵ʱʡ
Ӿ˵ָĨĨ
ѧѡ˵ԥһ˵ԼľӺϲ飬ÿҵдĺ棬ëҲ࣬Ҹ
ʱ߿ûлָȻϲ飬Ͱȥ
áӵͷͷ
ֱסӵţƽԼ
ף˵ҪȥУҪȥȽϾãչ˺ԼʲôȥǱ˵ԼС
ͺҪ߻̲סѹԶȥһٻ˵Ҳһ
пΣҲû취ȥ⻹˵һҪֿôãţûųҭ㲻Ůˡ
ݸĶˣСЦֻ죬ҿˣʱҽզ졣
֪ͺãߡ
СԽԽڡ
Ĵң߿

ӣһӵ顱
ãҾһӵ顱
һΣߵʱ˴ææʰһڴӿЦãȤҪѾͼҸҰȥѽ˵ųſڴ˵ҰҲȥ
һۣһ¿ڴ֣ǵúܣҪȥôãôУ
Ӳۣͷֱ˵Ӣࡣ
컹пβӰ͵ȥˣỹ红ǻû
ӿ㣬úóԷһʰһ
Ųһ뵽Ҫߣ˵Լ֪Ҳչ˺Լ
ӵͷתǰߣ쿴ӵıӰһ뵽Ҫֱһ£Щ
˼ͻȻסתߣΪ˵ʲôɻĿ֪ȥ
Ҷֹ
ԹԵһؼҡ˵ʹˡ
ͨ죬ͷ˲죬һᡣ
ȥҪ𳵻Ҫһδ
Ƿ࣬ǿֱӿ͵վҲͲصͳˡ
ƱϿķ羰뵽ĸпٶȻ̫ѽ
ĻҲԼͷˣζ̫壬죬С޺֣ĲС
˳һʿֻûˡ
LУҲһĳУֱܿ࣬ѾʼǵС̯·̯ˡ
ӷĶУӵû⣬ȥҳԵģϵĺзֹѳԣʵЩζˡ
˸úóһ֮Ӿڽй䣬뿴ط׷չʲô
ǴӺи˹ģĦŮϴһһͷ΢Ŵװ̣ߺȵ
һֻһˣĻŮʿ·ʵЩͻأ
ûŮ˲ʽѣ·ŮǿɫԥɫҲЩһŮȥʼǮ
ʱٻᱻ˺һ˵̻ңǮӭ´
ӿʱΪĿһ
ȻѾ㷸ˣڴһձ鲻ҵƲԳ̯Ĵû취˵Ů
˵Ƕأôʱֳ̯֣ߺȡ
Щ棬̲ס߹ȥͷ˿ţʱе·ӰŮɴġ
զģֵܣȥõģ˵̣ü˵
ӻĶϸ˿һ׳һӻԣʵµ𣿡
Ǳİȥʣǿˣ˭򵽹λⶼרȥдġǿһȦ
ǿˣˣ֪
̽ΪҵУҴǧʲ漰ҵ˵̽Ȧ
ҵԽԽ󣬻Ϊڶǿǿһ棬ʱǿѾǸҪյͷˡ
û뵽Ǹͷʱģͦ³ӹû˵ʲôͷ·

л˵:
ŮҪչԼҵ
ǣޡ
ǵۺúгϲҶҸŮ
ʮ [V]
Ǯõ·ʵ
ǿɨһۣЦ˼֣˸ƣ˵ʮ顣
뵽ޱĮͷٿ³Цݲõǿмֻ㱣⡭ʵ̫ˡ
˭뵽ҵУڡž
۹ãеĿʽֻʣһˣŮ˶ϣָϲҲǺõģҲҲ㡭ǿΪӹš
д𣿡ӻع񣬵ͷˬĸǮ˳ʵ
ǿ̯λңͳһӵݸӣ˵һ˧ķϣ͸ˡ˵껹ŪһԼͷ
һƨǳ˳еӡ󣬳׻ˣӹӰ·ȥЦصлл
ǿڰ֣Ҳû˵´Ļˣã
뿪̯λ˹˼дϢһȥ
հ˵
Х㲨ΣȥҪһ
һִѾпڰϿ羰ˡ
˵һĽ棬ľȷʵҪ࣬ﲻ̾ŵͬʱֹһĨЦԺлᣬһҪ
ϧûгþͱ˴ơ
Ǯ붼òסʲôԵģǰôˡŮ˼̶˷˵ĻҲ
üƳһֻۣһųȹʱֵĸ˲һڵϼŮ֣ŮֻĬĬĶڵϼƬ
Χ˿һĻü˺ܶ൫û˵Լ£˭Ҳ鷳
裬˵ˣȥһ롭ŮҲѿƬվ˵š
㻹Ҷ죬˵զˣ޲ȥûŮʹأݵ죬ĴʻԽԽģ˵ŻҪȥš
Ů˫ᣬϵĺˣͣ˵裬衭ʣ
˰ɣǸҲϧ˿ȥվ˵
Ů˵һۣɤӣۣӴܽԼŮʲô£¡
ͨ죬촽䶯˵
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡ŮԽ㣬ŮԽ˾Ͳͣƶ
֪Ů˵ǰۿžҪײˣӼֱԱ߿
Ůײۿȴҧǿû޳ֻǱŸ첲ŵǻ
϶˶٣ҡͷû¡
һ֪ˡûŮһˣҪȥ
ŮֱԱ߶㣬ҪӵĻƵġ
鷳Ǳ߶㣬ˡӲӣޱ˵
Ůһ˲佩Ӳû뵽˵ĻѿǺ֮æԱŲŲʹͷԣԲ𡭡
ÿˣó˿ռ䣬ҲûֱӴǵ
ң㹴ˣҲ˼ģɲЩСطûŮ˵ˡŮ˲м˵
Ůÿζװһġ
˵Ҫ޲޵ӡ
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ŮӵıӰ˰ҧҧ
ע⵽ˣϴıͨŽҪײʶһ£ҪǰЩ§ˣû뵽ˡᡣ
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ӿ˿ǿﰵ̾Ǻҵѽ仰뵽һ
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ŵЩǷЦݣӿǿü
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۾˵ȹͷ㿴ҶҪôˣ˰
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ǿɿܹЬЦƤúܣ㣬˵Ҵ׬˶ǮһȹøҲְɣ˵ҿɾͲˡ
Ů˸ողڼңǿƤ˼СȹӸСƤû˼ܾ
ǿ˵⻰Ҳȷʵģͥǿάģǿҡ
УϽߣ㶼ͷۡȻ˵˵ȴЦ⣬Ȼֻк׽˲Ż
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ҹ
пԾͷ࣬޺˸
㣿ɣּˡ

л˵:
Ǹ
̫æ
ʮ [V]
Ů黨裬һ黨ȹϿһӣ̺ͱֽһںнͷܳС
ŮŹ⣬žϲҲû뵽ϳִϵǸˡ
ҽ٣ִϼġټû˵
ɫ糣һҲûΪϵ¾ѿ֪Ϊһܺõļء
΢΢ü۶ðϳ˭
ﲻ̾Ů˻ױһһױݣһ֣ףǲǻûױţպ˵øȥȻ첻ױҲܺÿеĶҲҪУ
뵽Сޣü۶˲٣֪ûкúóԷú˯ȺƤСû
ˣ̲סԼǹ˹Ҳû뵽ԼٴˣڽΪĺܾ£ûǸܲϲƯŮˣִһΪ̫ǱˣڴĺƯ
ʲôѽĺԵٵɴ۾һģ˵һÿɰģ
ӻعѹû˵ʲôֻǷɵЩͷתҪԶ㡣
㡭ôôûòЩɵۣæ׷ȥǰĹĵ˵
֬ģϱ㡣Ӷסţû˵תѯʵ
³ˣĿİͰͣ㡭ϱԺˣ
ӵͷ뵽ü۶ˣд˵ҫ˵ϱƯ㣬ƽﶼûױѵһˣ㡣
ٺǺǵĸЦʵҲûлʲôױС˶˵Ƥá
ã㿨ˣƤе߲ˣҲͣϱͲһ۵ģˮҡͷ˵ĻȻܲͬ˵Ļ
Ҳ֪ԼɡûǸŮܹԼòǺúͱŮ˱ȽϣŤˣӲӳһ仰תߡ
ЦʲôţԣǺ˵̲裬ԸŮˣ˵ͲܿԽԽú˵ףһϴա
һںдһڣ߷չĺܺãҵѾʼðͷֻҪ··
ԭҪĿҪũƷߵ·
Ǯ˶࣬Զɽ亣ζҪζģũƷϲļ۸
֮⣬ӻһЩ̻˵ףӾʹȥˣ·̣ҪˣʵЩҡ
ǰپãҲûָоڼҵ죬ģ̾мˡ
ǳţӿʲôϡõĶЩȥѵһϷȻҲ⡣
ѾŵˣҵһңҪд֬ˮۻȥ
ãǸŮѡ𣿿Կ³Ŀں졣óһܿں죬תӿ
ʱĿںûкôձ飬úֽױȴҪӱܶ࣬ЩĦŮɺϲ
һӡ֤֡
һ㶣û뵽˵ҲЦǣͷټǺˣ߿ɣʲô뷨ں졢ۣ֬ﶼС
˵ȲϺҪСκһʱŮ˰֮ģĿĺӣЩɵۣʵЩ
ţǾͲĺͿں죬֬ʲôĶһһݰɡ룬Ҳ֪ϲʲôģ˵ں컹ɫţÿʺϵĲһһ֣һȥԡ
ˣ⡭ꣿ
ӿɵ㶵վţɻʲô𣿡
ҺݺݵҡͷһסԼļæ͸װ
װһĸǮϾߡ
һ⣬ѵĹŻ˼ҡ
ⲻУɷѵüô㶵ʵ
˾ǻױƷģרŸ繩һֱǺܺ
Դӷſ֮ӾԼҪ꣬ͬ⣬ͶûӣԽԽ࣬ټӼ֣Ҳû˵ʲôͳ̸һ
֪ǳãһ׬Ǯ¹Ǯࡣ
ɵ㶵ҡҡͷ˵̫ˣилױƷһ飬˵Ҫ͸ӡ
ɷҲһȥöǮ֪ױƷļ۸
Ҷ˸ۣߺߣ㿴˼ҵɷʹ벻ʲôҲͽǰ˼ǡ
УʱһǶ󣿻Ʊ
ǻױƷģϲĸҪǸ¡
úúã´θ򡭡
ô࣬˭֪͸ϱǸЩõء

֮ǰҵǿҪһ
ȥԡ
ǿܸˣֱӸۣĺã
ߵʱ򣬴Сһѣ˴ǿõ·ǸĶ
һ֪ѾڻسˣѾһϢ
߿ָˣζʲôζ֪Իسˣ
ԴӴ˵أҲ㹤ˣ֪Ĵڳ˸⣬ǲǴȻֲ˵أԷȻ⣬淴ӳһʱҲ²
Ŵİȸһ˵
Դӿ֮󣬴Ӻù˲٣һɾʮ㣬֪ȴø
ȻũױȲϴС͸ЩĴˣǰһɻЩҪԼ׬ʳɲͳˣ
ÿ첻֪жٲȥżҴʲôʱܻس
߿ָˣǿԿѧԻسˣôܲ
֪Ϣ죬ü֪￲￲ϼʹ顣
и⣬ǽ˻֪ô죿
֮ӣ뷨֪಻ֹһŮЩسټϷصũ̲סʹ˽ףҲ˰
߿ָˣԻس˭
⼸ֵ췭ظЩ˻֪׷Ҫ飬Ҫ߿
Ѿͷ͵ѼģðˣϡĺءŴżѼ
ѾϰˣֻҪӲڣδ㣬ңŴҸͳԵĹæЦŵлллӣﻹп⣬ûȥųԡ
ŴûӦ£ҲҪһԵģҲʡ鷳
Ŵȴûżߣճð̽ʵѾͷ˵Ҫ߿ˣզû׼
ܸ߿ˣŴŴӶܸˣһ֪ǣһǿҲܲμӣСӵĿ˲飬һͿأ
ҲеǵģѾͷҲ֪࣬Ҳܲμӣ˼ʦܿϣСӿզ죿Ҳûиǣš
һ㶣˶Է⣬ɵݸİɣҿ˴ѧҲӷֿġ
Ŵ˼ЩΣ˵ﻹǺݺݵһæͷЦ֪֪Ǹá

л˵:

Ϣޡ
ʮ [V]
ӻ죬ϴ֪
ôôģǣǿһҺۿ죬߬΢ɳƵ͸ʹࡣ
ź㱻´ߺҲûĹˣСѧʦҲûеɣֲԸµأԽѹʹﺺδǿ˻顣
ԭͲԸ߿ָˣԻسˣﻹסҪ顣
⼸죬ڼ֣ԭδǿ̬ȼҪɿ߿ˣŴȥ
֪ȻΪ˸߿ѻϵĺӴˣ϶ʮˣòҪˣȴûˣ
ɫ԰ףŶӣδǿϣŪŶ̥ҩԼӲˤĺ
˵岻۾ȴδǿڲס񣺡ôô˽ǵҵǰ;ұͲҪӡǸ⣡Ҫʵû취ô޸һʲôûеׯҺӣ
˵˸ЩЪ˹
⡭Ҳ̫ˣԼҲ֡
ޣɥģǿðʱûԵһڳԵҲ˵߾ҪߣӶô򡣡
Щ֪Ϊ˻سʲô¶ܸɵĳޣ㲻֪λԾأӶһˡ
˿ָָ㣬м
С潡˭ӵģδɱڴӼɱͷһƣȵ۽ǡ
ҴңҲǳصģ¹֮ҧҪִ
δһȻһ֣ǻˣ˾˺
δǿ˲࣬æȥҳһţŮһѡ
һ̤ӾͿһĻƬ̵Ĵ㶣֪һأںܿ˸ˡ
ӴСӻˣ
Ӵǣôණ
⣬ˣⲻʲô߿ָˣ֪ԻسˣǸ֪Ϊ˻س޶ˣġ
ˣ֪಻֪ҪҪμӸ߿ʦأ϶ܿϴѧɣǿɲˣҺ˵ɵÿסˡ
︾ŮҲ࣬һһľͰⳡ־ͷβһ
֪ΪʲôͻȻԼϣӣ
һоͽ͵ͨˣƳһۻֳûپϡ棬Ϣһÿ嶼һ
ϽؼҼŲҪģͬǴ˸кʹ
أҲ˲ζĿ֡
죬һˡľţ
źܿ챻ˣ΢Ҳ죬һǼæܳġ
ӽһӣ§˴ţȽһ˦˵ϣͷס˺촽
챻ȵͷֹסӵĲ
֮촭ƣˣ˴తţȵϢ
죬ò˼дŰ
첻ϸܸܵЩӹû˵̰ĺϢ
ţ˼֮һ˼ۻһգټ޲ðൽȥ
˺ܾã˲ŷֿ
Ѿˣǰ̲࣬˺Ѽ
ˣԵҲˬ
Ӹ·ȷʵҲˣһ룬͵ԽԽóˡ
ʵҲֻڵʱ³ôã컹ǸˣüۣѼԵ㡣
ӵͷЦЦҿҪѹɾ
챻ЦͷвȻᱧŹ򡣡
СӼˣת˵ѼͦóԵġðźͣ⿴Ŷʳ
ҵģӸ˼һһѼش
ӿ˿Ѽû˵ʲôֻǵͷ
Сʤ»飬ɲ˵棬극ϴ裬ӾȲİ§˷䡣
ȥȥԽԽСſǻӲ§ͣڻš
˺ˣԹԣ˯츧˸ʪͷ
㣬쵰ſǻŴŴġ
úúãһ쵰˯ɹԡӲš
ֲס˯ȥСĽ˴̣쳣㣬ʱܾԼտյģ§һ̲ų׸о±ˡ

ǡ쿴˿ӣɵʵ
ӽ͵ǿں졢ѩࡢʲôۣ֬Ҳ֪ϲʲôɫͶˣ޶ˣС
ȥһĶȫڴϣĿһ·
ԼⱲӶûмô·
죬ϲġ˵ǴҪҲҪԼԼϲ
ΣӣһǮ쾪֮Ĺĵĵӣ˵ܶˡ
ôòꡢ꣬ʱֻܷڼѹףȫ˷ˣ
Ӱڰ֣͵Լϲţʣµóȥ
Ҳ֪һЩģȷʵ𣿡
棬Щܺӿ϶ĵͷ
첻Щ˵ţ˷Ѿͺãʶͷ·ˣѡˣһóȥɡ
Уѡѡ˵һôԼһѣԸһҲûУ
˵Щûʲô̫󣬵ǸŮأ
һһŸЩѶ³ʱ֣ŲЩĶ
ԡӰͣһȫŵһߣȥԡ
տʼ컹ЩԥԽԽ
Ϊ߿ָˣУǵ֪ʦټҲЩҲͷ٣ûʲôӾڼᡣ
СӣŴӻ˵Ϣ͵˵˵ôأ֪һ쵽ˣ˶ûŴסˣԸˡ
ӿЩȣ壬ôˣʲô𣿡
Ŵû˵ȥ쿼ôҲ֪˵˵
֮ǰӾͺŴ˵ˣʱӽˣԭҪڴչҲҪڴңŴܲ
ӻˣɿˮ֪ǶҪĻҪ˵Լط俴ȥˡ
ǱѾչĺܺˣܷ٣Ǯ˲٣ũƷ˹ȥгӿ϶˵
Ŵ˼һᣬʵ˵ũƷʲô
ܶ࡭˵һжڷչУɷչĶ̫ˣܷŹᣬһȫŪ
Ŵʶ˾ô׻ͣŴҲÿУֱͷڲĻȥ
ҴȥҸϰϡӰѴزŴؼҺ󣬽ݿ濴飬߹ȥ˵
ŤӣĿ˵Ҳ߿
ҲûһڻؾУμһûѧأǸ£ô
û뵽᲻ͬ⣬ͷƵ˵ڴ顭Ҳ뿪㡣
᲻ôĺӣ¿϶Ҫ߿ģʱСѧûʦˣȥѧˣҪֿꡣ

л˵:
Ϻѽ
ȥ˼ǿ룬ǵ÷
ʮ [V]
ֻбøãѧĶ࣬Խ˽ϵܸаհѺǶͳط֪ϲǣҲ̺ǣ֪˵
ͳطò˵Ӵ
ÿοźͺܣеһ򶼳ȥһڴӹһ˵֪л𳵣зɻ
ǴλϽڣû˽ǣȥ˴ѧԸǣٻǣʱҲܰǽ̵ĸã˵̳ܽüѧءͷ
˭˵ҪֿȥҾȥ˵
⳹׽Ĺǣɿֲĸо˶ҪȻһ𿼰ɣӴźúøϰһܿϵģ
æ֣ɲȥѧҪϰԣͷˣҾͲѧϰϣס
һʱˣʵڲԸҲǿ
⣬ӾʹȥҸϰ
߿ջָЩ϶ǽλЩ֪˼һҡ
Һ׼ȥǿѾ﹩ˣЩ黹֮ǰһһܵġ
˺ʼӾ鷳ЩҲֻҪ˾ʹ
֮ǰ³£Ͷˡǿӿ˵š
Ժ˸Ա߰˺ü飬Ϲŵģⶼ½½
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Ӷȥƿһһ˶ŵݸ죬ѡ
ϱ飬֮ǰһֱæţ£Ҳֻ鷳ˣ˭֪߿ָˣóѡ
Ӿͺǿ˵ҲǽΪʲôôæ
ǿҲû룬ͷʵҪ߿
Ƿ򸾶ûô飬ֻС߿ָ¶ûɶӰ죬֪Ϊ飬겻ѡ
죺ȥԡ
ǿ˿ӣɫ糣Ҳ˵ʲôֻﰵԸֵѺ
ǿЩֻżڷƷվѿ˻ỨСǮͿص
廨ŵģʲôС
콫αϰϻѧϸĵѡЩξͿûȥʣµ´ãϾЩһͦصġ
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ʼʱǿ׬˲ǮҪˣ±ۺֱʹ˹źӻˣ֮»Ҳûʲô¸ɡ
ǿЦܸϱȻǺõġֲʶΨһľֻп
ӣҸɰɡ
ǿһһۣǿЦЦðҪҪҿ϶岻ݴǡ
ڲżӺԼʱ䵽ʱʹȥˡ
ȻҪ߿Ͽʱ䣬ʱ䶼Ͷ뵽˸ϰ
λ֮ҲûȥשһשѾ죬Ǵ㽨ԼĳˣҲʱпչ죬ŻóԵġ
㡣Ҵһ·ҪҪҵκɣϸҪԼȥʵȻֻˣӴ˲㣬ʡ
κһЩԥһ
ⳡʵ˲ĥӡ˵ѾɷˣҲͶˣ
㣬涼ˣпˣЩ˻ԼС֪꣬ĵġ
ԴӷأκӲùӹǲãҲ󣬼ֻһµأ۵ûۣڶ컹ҪҧµأӻǹĽͰ͵ġ
㣬ȿʽԺһ
κƣԼﶼϲýҲĥĥԥԥӣ뵽ҧҧӦУǽȥȥ
ûǮֻ˵׬Ǯ
κɲͬ⣬֣ȥ򣬱ǮӳģռѾܲ˼
ӱͲΪ׬ǮһΪ˰һΨˣҲΪ˺ǿϻҲ˵ʲô

ӣѼһ˷Ǯļ۸ж٣Ҫ٣㿴ɲԭûõʲôˮȥѼ˲뷨
Ѽɻ㳦ЩԼԣˣԣҳ鷳ԼӦǲˡ
ӴģҪĻͻȥʡԭֻһֻѼԴӷſߺøˣҪ˷ǮһǿǲСĽܲϲ
ɣ鷳ˡӵͷ˵
˵֮鷳Ŵټһ´ˣԼ˵
ҴԼһũƷӹɵģԼ룬ұ֤Ǯһ׬׸ҷֺ졣ʵһҲǮһģ֮ǰҲͦάһҲԸ⣬ܹͬԣҲһۡ
ɶɣ
֪֪ɾԼͶǮȥ˵ԲСӡ
ԼĹשأ
ӴöǮ
۷׷ףǣǮ£ҶصúܣϾǮҪǴˮɵ
ȻҲзǳӵģǿͷҪԸҼ룬ҦԽҲظ˵һȵȡ
ޣԼĹô򵥣ʱĹ⣬ȫ˶ӣɳ˴ˡﲻм
ǣͶѣһץȥͶˡ׳
ǼӲˬû취שڣҲ̫ԸҲûǸӺӵϣֻܱؿ÷ˮ
һнҵĻȻҲŹ
˵󣬵ҲСȻҲˣƳһۣûǻ
ǣܵǮҲףһȥˣզ죿
ɲͶǿǰǼҶȢϱǮɲ̣ˡ
⣬С͵ģһ׬Ǯ
˵ף˻ǲܹ׬Ǯ᲻ԼµǮ
ԥԥ²˾ģ׬ǮǮ
ӵνһвȡԸֻǰԸ˵ǼϾͲٶѿࡣ
ܿͿʼˣŴһĵأڴβֵصϣһֱ
Ŵͬ󽫵Ǯһˣ⵹ôһ󣬱ϾǮǰ׵õģ˭ˣҪûôִ
שֱӴӴשģҲռˣԱȳɱֵļ۸ģһשֱ
Ȼ˴ĺӰæһһǮĹǮǮˣöﺺӶԸ⡣
ҲǴӴҵģֽѼɻ㳦ȡ
ϱ˭ᰡδһﵹǻúܣ׷ױʾԸ
һЩ͵Ĵúܣֱظ˵Ըպãôô
ҲμˣϱһȻ⹤ɲˣܰһǮͰһ죬ɲŹᡣ
˶࣬ӴѼӸɴԣһúܳԣʱԾ֪˭պˡ
һжոտʼʲôطҪȥıģæ˲Żȥ
ڼϽ֪ʦҪ׼߿ֻϰΣһͶڼġ
극ƣ§죬һ£ۣ϶ղһСֶԶԷķ
̫ˣֻҪܹȥСƣ룬۵˵󸻴ֻҪܹͿˡ
Щȴ᲻ӣӰ§§ǿɲУҪԺʲôʲôҪʲôʲôΪҸŮˡ
ѾҸˡë׵ͷӣãѾҸҸˡ
ǰĻȫͬû֮ǰĺõĶ࣬Ѿ֪ˡ
ԺʮķʮڣǱ۷ɻԶЦſŵغݡ
ƶ졣Ȼ˵üۻĨһ

л˵:
ǿ֮
ͷĿѣ˯һ졫
ˣעⱣůˮ
ʮ [V]
˵ǹʵשӣӹڷųƷһԭϡ
ΪӹĶʳƷҪԽģɾҪģΪרŽȥһ֡׻оƾȷĶɾ
ˣ֮ǰƵѼ̼ҲԳˣһһƷһ£òǺ
˴඼һѧټع֮ҲûʲôЩЩɫ󲻹ÿ㣬ð͵ģڻ
룬߸ƳƷĸŮӵ裬ܲϹøŸɣ͵ָôУһǮһ¾һ
̫һһһֵǼҰˣǹˣʲôָԱܲ⣬͸ӹˡ
һ̫̫ǰԻŮ㳦һҲָ̫̫һ˴
ӹĳξˣӺǽһ³Ĺ涨Ҫɾ·׿֣ÿ˭ҪûͿ۹Ǯ
ŮԭӶ£Ūô鷳һ۹ǮͶ˵ˣʹɣֻҪ۹ǮС
һ־ͱ̭ˣΪʲô
ΪĵˣóˣԭƤţɵ˭Ųֻܻˡ
˵ˣҲͣ˾˵⳧ӳ絹գһҲãôôġ
⡭Ѽ˭Ҳҿ⳧˵Ҫˡ
ѼֵǮ˭ԣֻзڳԳ𣿡
ҿοǮˡ
˲ͶûͶǮ۾עģһʲôۡ
ǵۣȻҲģȴûһ£ҲûȥлΪ׼ɽȥ
ˣ쿴飬۾ˡӵһԹϱҪһɽ˽ǿ飿˶Ҫˡ
һ֣ҲûˣţĺܣĹķ㵯ԹϱͲ°ӵˣ
ʵûþúܣһǲ⣬
ЦҪȥţŻҰ֪ʶɵ
룡͵סԼԴݺݵĵ֪ʶܱɣ
ӼװҪţԻһӣֿҪȥ
ֳһţֹҲû˼ˣһɽ
һ㱡ĤţԲǲݹҪСĵ㣬˿һڳ
ǲţϴǵ𣿡
жǧҪ֡
ûӴɽΪ˲ɾļˣһ£׷׶ðˣǳųԶʵúܡ
ѾˣɽץҰζǲɾ㲻ǽˣҰζ࣬Ӵûûôˡ
쿴Сķŵľ۾ǳгɾ͸УҲۣ۾ԲĹĵص򵽴оԲɡ
ʲôѽ۾⣬һ³˼ɫһɴµľæܹȥʵ
Ц˿Ǽ޵ݥ֮һϡأá
Ҳû뵽Լôãݥ۾ùڣСȥһһٿҲŰæڡ
ѽСĵ㣬㶼Ҫˡ
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ﻹУ
ӱֻӣԸӣԼĬĬűڣעܵĶֹ߳濿졣
þûɽɹЩˣֺãཱུģͺóԡ
һӵľʵװˣδ֡
Ҿ͸СĢʰžѾ˿ڶˣڻ˵ˣõģǴ˹ֲġ
Ѽ㳦Ȼ˹ӵҪҪƷйб˵ģȺ㣬ڵ˲
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ļûЩݣſˣû֮ľ͸
Ӻ춼ǻˣҲûڣҪĢֻȥӼһֻС
Լɵĺǲһģʱȫ̶ûȥ£۰Ͱ͵ؿϴԼɵľܾûóԣ
θ磬ӹˣ㣬ȥܹż˵
üһۣ쿴Ż𣬾͸Ÿߡ
γɩ͵óѼ˵ģһ73ֻ71ˣҰһɩѼԸ̫ȻʹˣֽúܣҾú
Դӵ˼ָԱǰͦ㵸ӽԼηֵôץ˵ġ
ɩץΧȹͷ֮ǰѼʱƵûƵĻУҲû˵ʲôͰѡ˽ȥ
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ʲôǲ֪Ҿ˻ϡ
⽯Ҿûһö֮ǰǸǲ֪߳ܡ
ޣӿ桰Сҿѽɢ
︾Ů˭֪ǵ£п̲ס겻ѣԽ˸м
ǽڴã֣໰ռˣԸǳƤռˣȥ衱⣬ǼҪ㡰ף͡ġ
൫Ӧ
һ죬Ҿ˵˹أʲôԭȻˣͲ¡ʵҲýڳţұҲԸˡ
ޣӣѼⲻҲûôƽϣôҲǿ㳤ġŶ˹仰ըˣָӾͿ
ֲԭû󣬶ҾԭҲûչ˰Ըȥԭúô
ޱؿŽ˵гĹأΥ˹أ⳧ݲ£Ȼ˭ҪǶˣ
ⲻҲû𣿡ﲻģûǸ£ѼϴҵĶõ㶫˵أ
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ȥҾͲѼʲôﲻа
ɩƬ̵ĳɣħһһֱҡͷһֱ˵ţУҲҪӣҲҪӡ
СӣҪ˰ɣҲڡ
ߣǼȻ͵ǻãϴνҼңҪҼһС⣬ǻҼŹԵġ
һģȥˣ𱨾˰ɣǲҪ׼ء
ɫЩͣŽɩ˵ǺαأǰϿ׳һѺһŮӿӰأŵӰƱɲǮˮ֮ǰשǮҷһٶ࣬ûѣϱ˵дζֱޡͻȻ
׳Ҳģ棬Ҳ£һûٻ
ɩϵ·ĲϴöˣӵĻͷ˿Ը뵽Լޣứ£ͷȥ
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ɵǽˣ׬ǿϹʲôĻñȴϱˣ
½ɩﻹܲף¾Ϳ޺ţôôƫġ
ȻʾܱԸϵϱ˵¾һڣǮզզС潡ܵ𣿡
ʱ򽯴ɩҲֱ̼ӺһҪƴִ
¾ͺ޹ˣ˺ŻؼңˬؼҳСĢȥˡ
ΪֵòɿϴϱĹŪûˣһ¿ʮأûˣʱҲˡ
϶һ˵ѷֵǮСҲƽǿΪǮòϣÿ۵ҪҪأһҲ̲ţ̣
ֵ߰òɿ֪˭ں˾ּ
Ӽﳹ׻ŽּңڼԵˣֿ̣ζǶˡ
Ӻڼž׷׸̾ʣ

л˵:
Һǡ
ʮ [V]
˹ֲҲûϵͳһ˹ֲ飬ȥʵ
רһӳľͷ˴ܣȲ˴һ飬
ֲؼϣһãȥ￴ϡ
ȫû飬ֻҲżʵܻɹġ
ڼ䣬ӭһҪĴ£߿
߿ͳһϵСѧٴóȥԡ
պ£οԱһ飬ץÿһÿһʱ俴ԽԽԼܶ಻ᣬͲʱ㣬ٶһ㡣
ţһܿģϱġϵζأû쿴飬ŵСףο
㣬Ҷڿ飬ûУһǰܿأСԹûôţִҶ濴飬ԼûУžԽ
úúãңԸ϶ûԶ١Ӱ˸ŵû˯ãˣҲûԶٶ
Ҳ˼Ϳ㵰ˣģ챻ӳԽǰµúܣӾ׷СƢ˾͵ӣĹĵġ
εεģϡòУҪ˶࣬޲ȥһڡ˳ųţúúãԼˣһͷǵģٳԵɣʡĿԿһӶ
ӰѼԼͷݸ
ûԶ٣ҲԼӹССҧعĹӣֹţ͹㣬ÿҪ棬Ҹ⣬ǣҪϾ͹㣬ˡ
СûģӿЦã쿴飬ͷۣɷҲʹżɲɾϣٲһоóԵģ֪˭ôģڵȫĴ
ڿɲ˵⻰ֻ˳ź壺УңҪǿϾ͸һؼѼĢ
ҲŲߡһۣ
ʵҲ֪Լȡ֣ɿô˳ԼԼ־ģŴ͵͵ǡ
˵СҲһ㣬Ƴһ
Сװۣ˫΢죬üͣǴЦŸСһٿһӣҲҸһ۾Ϳˣɵø̾
ҶһŮ֪޸ﺺӳԿˣһĲҸᱻĥò
ʵ˼ҳԵúãúã̰黹ͳԵĺȵģ½
鶼ˣһû䣬ˣ
߿Ľ˻֪Ǹϴ飬ֲŻĻᣬ˼أɷֺͣ塣
Ľҡͷ̾ȻĽҲԸܹúãֻЩ꣬ԼʲôʱҲһôõء
ţдͺˣ֪𣿡ӰѴ⹤߸ĵ
ǰְִŮ
һɵĵͷ
һˣûûǰɣǶѾŵòٳˡ
ƣһҪţѧΡġ쿼һġ
Ӽȥ˲ȥ
мʱ䲻ͲܻȥˣûȥóԵĲ
ŰԵٲ˵ģ⼸ȥСģΪ쿼׼ġ
³裬Ѿϴɾ˺СһͷһΣʵúܣһܺ롣
ٳع⣬Ϊרźϵͳƿ꽴ƫݴ⳴ðͣζһӾˣҲҧȥ΢΢ðԽԽ㣬ζ·
ٳϲĴ˿·
װãһӣӽ˴ҲҪȥǿͷҲȥˣںŲˣˡ
һ˸߸˱Q˵ͷƲ֣Ȼڸ˵Ǹ۾ģӾͿֵıQ
ⲻѣҶдˡӸ˵˵
ӵͷҲˣǾͺáҸ˺óԵġ
ĵͷҪһæҪȥ˳ԣ˼С˼ţ
ԼˣŸˣԵĴ֪࣬ûͷֻһ¹ӣ߳Ըϴıӡ
̺˱ֽжںˣȥǿȥˡ
ȺȵӰѷеݸһ㱻Ӳɾˣʵµġ
úȡ۾϶ĵͷ
һζĴƮɢǻع⣬ǽһ㣬ɿԱ߿бӵˡ
һϣӲûˮŸʲȥ
ڽֵߣӲıӣ죬ζʿˮԴӺӵˣδǿͺ˻飬ְ֪㣬˺ӣ岻ãҲܸػԴûʲôԵġ
ӻҵҰ˺һģֿɬ
ƾʲôƾʲôƾʲôԹôãȴ˻飬û˺ӣʹֻҰ˱δǿǸ̫š
ﰵԹˣ
΢΢ü̧ͷȥûˡ
һͷűӣӦԣּ֣Ҫ޸ӣǣһжġ
һ̣ںޱȡ

ʮ [V]
翼ѧǿǲõģٿԸӸˣü䣬ԽÿҲԽЦˣЩ֪඼̲ס͵͵ȥ
һ䣬ɨһȦ֪æͷֲҿ
һڵڶϣȥǺúϢһ濼ԡ
ԣӣ±ģ±һ죬ĸպáӷ֮ͳһӣװ˸±㣬ڻȵġ
˷ҲûȥȥǿңǼ±ζߵʱҪ±
㿳˼ȴûãһ±ģһˣζ˱ǡ
һһζζڲס
ںŵζŤˣֻӣͶòжĲУŵζܵˣƫƫԽȥţȴԽƲסǰ
һԱߵº󣬾;Ŵӿ㣬ʵԹ𣿡
Ҵһ磬ûԹӸ˱ͷʡԵȥˣͷרҸġ
֪ӳԹˣרĵĿ㣬±һҲ壬һھͰˣеĲֺ
ɿϵˣõŵõǳֱܲˮ
θ̫ˡǿſںϣʹȥζˡ
ڵˣһųɿæǷǡ֮ء
𣿡صҵһеȥһεƵʧˣһεģ˸ġ
ȵúܣַ˲ã쿴һ۾ͱˣεô죿
죬Ҫȥ飬ϿȥҲûȥ
Ѿˣ뵽Ըϱ˸㣬ҲԲ˶
ӸɴͰС࣬͹ե˺ͳƵ̵Ƥ
õġӽõѼݸ
ϲѼ鵽һԣſӴһ£˲ð˳ҲСգɳɳġ
̫óˣҧһڣﾪϲڲסַӳһ
ӵͷҧһڣζɳɳģζܺá
̫պã㽨飬Ѽó
ñĸѼʤһغһϡţˣȰȥ
㳦õ죬Ѽ̼ǿˣӴԸϱ߿ȥˮ

ÿ
ҸëһˣѾ˵ļ۸ˡ
ףǸðϲ죬Եþ񡣡
·ϰ̯տʼܾ˼ߺȣ
Ϊѵü·СĹ￴ŲⶼЩ߲·ˣ˵һ֮˾ԽԽࡣ
һǴеʱֻǾ͸ϲˣҼǮҲ
õúܣһ׬ʮ飬붼룡
˼ԽˣͷԱ߰˸̯ӣԼҵ߲óš
Լֵ߲ˣˮҲ٣һ벻Խֳϣ
ǽȥθ˴˵ˣѾͷˣȥǱ߳Էףһ¡ˣ˵
¶һЦͷˡ

Եĵڶ죬Ӹ׼緹Ҳܷʢר˷ǽһϣһֻڴЦ˵Ըļһ˰Բˡ
˸⣬۵һ㽴ͣ·úܡ
ǳԵ㣬ΧԹأΧԷˣԶԶģԼӿвȥ
ų׿ˣˬЦź¶һƵĴ𰸣һ°̾һԸٶˣֻʹЩЩ
ЦŰο°̾Ҳûٶ룬ҿˡ
ԣȻҪɵģ׼˺öʳģ˹ϵ׽˴ףף
æͺˡ
۰θǹʲôʲôӡǿһӺóԵģ̾
ζſˣƫƫˡ
ǾǣⱲӶûôóԵġɵ㶵˵
ӣƨɺתʱҲǿһ˵ܵһ
СӽпڸˡԸ˵ⲻǺѣаգһ춼ܸˣæ룬Ȥ
Ķ׽ˣӲҲõѼ⣬㣬˼⣬һɲǷʢ
ҲˣӴˣͷŲء
˰һӣҲģӻ׼һ̳׾ƣ־۲ء
֪ԵһƬȵʱžžž죬˲ͣغţӳӳˣˣӳ
ӺŴһۡ

л˵:
ɤӷˡ
̫
һҪעˮ
ʮ [V]
ˡ
Ըڼſǰģϰǰȥ
Т˳ڼһֱһãҲҪּ
ƫ۵СӣϷåﰤǹӣһӾͷˣϾ˵
ǽ׳治Ǹҿǻã˼ҹģǮҲ£Ҳ˼ҪӴͬ˺Ӱ֪һ룬ȥ˼Ҵȣ˼ŵɫǡףȥ˾ͱ˾ǿΪӳĶӣ֪Ҫϸһ㣬²ء
Ǹ߿ʱ£ӻ治֪ǿ˵ġ
˵ǾֱϽץˣʱҪץأòץһǹˡ
ȻЩ⣬ȴһͬ鶼ûеģ»£ǵء
ֻһֱûü֣˼Լˣʡˡ
ޣˣåҾ˵⽯׳üۣһͲʲôö
һӶʲôöԸƵ˵ȥôԵڡ
Ҳǻãƽ̱̰ˣԼϱôģĥ
ˣ˶Ѿˣڵ°ɡ

ڣź͵͵Լ˵
˽׳£һǱŲ±˴ǡ
ӷԸ費ˣȻŷּҵԸ裬ǣ
˶ûˣЩżˣҴҪȥңŲŷԸѾſڵˡ
ֵףˣϾĵ
˹ſ޵һѱһᣬϱԱߣͷСҲ֪ѹװġ
ŴΪӳ¹ҲѰ죬Ҳֲñˣֻ̾ð˺úðˡ
£ٷȻûԣҴӣɢˡ
׳ϵϷ˼ҹǹӡϸ˵
ûȥκɺ˵֪ʲô
뵽֮ǰ㱻׳ռ˱ˣɫҲ̫ãüյĺܣá
ӵͷʾͬ»û˵ת˵£ʱ䣬Ҵȥһ³ĻҪȥϴѧɵöܵǮʱҰ͵ѧУٻȳȶˣҾ͹ȥӣ㡣
Ӱŵô׵ůůͬʱЩΣԼµ
ֱ˱ӵҿԼȥչ˺Լġ
˷֣ϸѧӦû⣬ҲˮƽѾ滮ˡ
ǲУҲġҲûܾˣһзɲȫɫɫ˶úܣһ˳ţġ
ԣҸȥãҲܷԴ
ۿЩȣǰһϣճ˵úܣ죺ֿ
ҳȶҲһֱˣȥ㣬ϾðȢ˸ŮѧɵÿˡӴȤ
ЦЦ죺ҲŲء
Ѽ̼ԳˣװʮŸν˳ǡ
ӶϵǸӺѧУǴͷȻзݡ
̵Ǿϸģһðźͣʮ㣬˴󷽣ܺ˭˵õݸ˳
ЩӸ˳ˣڿޣͶ˼ʮϰٸԱӲͷ
ЩӾëһùˣԥԥ˵Ҫǿǡ
ܳɲɣߵʱ˼ң˵ζҷҲˣ࣬Ҳи׬ͷ
ӴŸڸСתһ죬̵ѾȫͳȥˣȻͬʱҲǩ˲١
磬а취μֱͶˣθ粻ܽʲôطӳȥӲö֪ˣθ绹Цź˼Һء
Ҳ˼ûжθ綼ܰ˼ҺֺǺǵǳš
ģĸǰ磿˵˻˵ü뵽Сӽȥֽ޴ŵӣЦСӻúúѧ
ǴѸɳӸ˵ģСиɾҲѧҲƷͦãֵ
ȥѧ԰ܹܳӡ
æͷﰵľɲθʧԺҲҪΪθˡ
ӶԽԽ࣬ӶҪæ
һˣֺʹ˵Ѽ˷Ǯһ
һʱ䣬Щ˶ʼѼ￲ϸѼӵĳΪ˴һľɫ
ȻûͶǮֲ˺죬ѼҲǸǣ
̵װҲܾ£˸ʮӶƵĺһװҲӣ˵ĺܺóԣǳ״ȥˡ
ÿǿ
ӸʱҲûôǮ򳵣ȸŪ˼֣ҲÿֺǺǵֳ׼ʱúܡ
е˲ţ϶⳧ӱضҲ֪Сӿ϶ԸԸɡ
Ѿˣʳѣһ˰ϡ̲˼ϸ̵ɲ
ԸϲЩ˾ϲ˸ϡһ߳һ߳ԣ̵ʵú
Դ˾Ҳȥ򣬶һģһëë
ɱһѼֻа˷Ǯв򵥣Ҫõκ;ƻĶҲˣ˹أɱ͡
⡢㳦ҲŪˣǰһӣ۲úܣⶫûҪġ
ľҲˣ˵ǵӦóɹ
ⶫĿúܣμԺﶼɹˣ⻹ǵڶˣһѾɷˡ
⼸죬ȾǺȹˣ
ھ͵Ŷ죬ԿܲУҪУⶫǱȥǱǮ˶࡭
߿ɼѾˣ쿼ĲѡǱߵһܲĴѧ
ȻûɼôãҲһеʦѧҲˡ
֪㻹м֪Ҳ˴ѧ
ǿΪӲ˵Ļúÿ˰飬Ҳ
ѡһ׶ĴѧϲӰϯȫȥԣŴẓֺ́ǵĲС
յ֪ͨ飬͵һºȥѧУˡ
ȥ죬ʱˡյԸԴ
⼸죬æѧŻȥǱ죬ϾԺ˵Ҳˣ֪žʱˡ
ҲջյСˣţЦź˵ãǿӣͲȥ
ͲûԹҲû
ǰѷû𿾣׷ӵ㣬óԵĺܣȻҸȥˮ

͵͵˿ܣûˣμҵĴţ񲻶ϱ仯֪ʲô
ɼͲǺܺãôû鱾Ȼûϣ֪ͼϵ֪˵ЦＵʵķ
ߵʱ򣬲֪ʲô͵͵ȥȻͿţҲû
ԥһᣬţٵŽȥŹˡ
ǿ˴ѧʲôģ֪ͨ˺ˣôȥ
ֱŷȥһȥɫˡ
Ȼױ̨滹вٵĻƷѩкüУǰУҲûùˣ
һᣬſסԼȥƶģҧȥ֪ͨ顣
䵹֪ͨûҵＵʵķݶҪҧˡ
¹ȫ·кüףҾȻЩ·µģ
飬üӣʱ˺þãҵ˼õ飬ƾʲôô࣬Ҫô飬һҲܿϴѧ
̷ۡɡǣɿҲֻСʱųԹһ飬ݴģҪ˺þòųһС飬ȴ˺ü
ֱɹӣ
޸δǿ֮أÿҪɻҪǸ̫ͳԲ˵Щϡ
ȴ춼ô࣬ôܲʣ
Ҳ֪ͨ飬ݺģЩߣ߾ȫٵǸ컹ôáԣ

л˵:
һ
ðö

һҪעⱣů
̫
ʮ [V]
úܺã͵͵֪ͨҳ˺
췢֪ͨ鲻ˣҲֻΪӲ
ɲԸȥϴѧ
֪ͨҲҲ̼ûǣ˵ǶѳԵ棬װ
ѾüûгԹĶˣմǿ飬һԵҲûָ֪ʳҲ࣬ǿҰ˶գҲԲʵڶ
ģݺݵľ׽ţڿ˭һһɱ̬ĿУֻһ뵽Щû˵ı飬͸ˡ
һ뵽Ǹǣںɿմϣɷǿֲ
ǱӴںɽӣͻؼҴͲ
ҼǵûŰӿŽŵĴţЩơ
ﶼ֪֪׵ˣһֻҪǳԶţڸʲôǲŵģϡ
ҲЩɻ󣬲˵Ҳû롣
֪ߵſһƣƲű˨ˡ
Ӻһۡ
ӣԶЩҰ߿
ͷԱŲŲӽ򴽣̧ţ˼ţһˡ
ԱߵһۣŽյķǣüͷøͷɷҪӿˡ
족ľű߿
ĲھǰɦŪˣء
ϵĳԵıŪ߰㣬Ūһһء
鱻߰㣬Щ˺ˣ¹·Ҳĵǡ
ױ̨ĶҲӵĵǣһƬǽ塣
ŵһӻѹ߶µĿ
ӿһ֮˲ˣ۾ǿһҧгݳ˵һ죬ȥ
Ҳɨһۣû뵽촽ýģҲĲᣬͷߡ
ΣӣҡңҪͣҲڣŻŲ֪ô졣
죬;ȥɡӱĵĿҪ³ˣ޲ȥ֪νŮ
ЩϸѡԸŵĴģһ֪ðŮŪܲջ
ӣҡǸŮǲ˺ӣңҸӺòã𱨾궼ûϺӣң֮ǰ¾ˡŻţʼڲԣ˵ŻҪȥԼ·
ǳױŮ˶ĵĹǺŸϣѹסԼŭƲסȥĵķŮˡ

ǴݲֽŲɾˣǿӣǰôҲ㿴զŴҲڵס
ճ˽׳ûãֳ͵ԣ㻵ˣܲ
峤ҺѾˣûйϵˡ㿴զզմǿڵϵһỊ̃ǸδĺӣĨ˰ᶨ
񿪷ˣûˣŴǶӳ¸Ļ˴峤
Ŵͷǿǿȥϱ
峤û͵峤Ҿ˵쿼˴ѧ룬뿴֪ͨ飬Ҿ뿴ʲôӵġææͣȴధ
ĻױƷһһͨպģͺĺģͷɢң·Ҳģӣôͬ
⻰һһƬȻ
뿴õų˼ҲڼԸȥңҿ͵ʦ֪ͨ顣
ɲΪ˸߿ˣ޶ˣûϣҿ͵֪ͨ飬Ըȥѧȥ
ޣã͸ȥ״ȥûûġ
ˣ߿ûϣҲûˣǻá
ޣǶʲôҪմǿûõĶûһǮԲôûȥ߿ûǮ
Ǹ̫ţ֪ˣҪҵջһûָңȥҰˣ˷ʱ䣬Ҫôûϣ
ǣǰҺģҪҵ޸ӾͺˣЩҵģһܸӣ²ĸҲûҪҼ޸ӣôܻǵĴǵĴ͵ػͷ˵ˣ۾ɵִֺ죬ŵ̲סһ
Ѿˡ
ޣŮˣҲ򿴿ԸʲôУҲ䣬ҪҪ޸ҴǿզȢɧŮ˽š̵̫ˣȥץͷ⡣
㣬ĴǵĴϸ飬ʳȻôῼϡҲʾȥ̫
ޣҲ䣬¡ŮˣҴҡ̫ǺģŤһ
һһȺȥ
Ѿˣ˾ӣﻹϵţǵĴǿ˴ѧ𣿵ʲôҾҪ˺֪ͨ飬ô⡭
ⳡ־磬Ծ˰Ϊ֡
ѾȫȫˣͣͣҪȥ˻֪ͨ飬ҪȥŪմǿ̫ĸŰסߡ
պãϱҪȥϴѧˣҸµġӰο졣
򴽣ܣЩÿγŸȫˣ˵Щ
㿴Ҵ֪ͨǰѵȥҲҲӵЦ
õ֪ͨӾ˿ֱӹǽϣ˵Ҫڶһƣߵʱ
뵽ԭĿģ컹̲סһ亹Ҫ֪ͨ˺ˣ룬¶ЦҺûҵ
ӼЦˣɿҪҿɾ͵ð˺ˣھͺڸոôûȥ˺ˣϱٳ
ҪǸŮˣͥöŹһŮˣȻȥ˺һƤ
ˣѾֽ˼ѾõѵˡɫЩ
ȷʵڼɲŮֿڼʲô˶УһŮ˽ȥʲô³֪
ֻ˵ȿˡɻ
ԭ컹Ҫʰ˭ֱ֪ӰЩȫˣֻ˵Щˣʱ
ºܿ͹ȥˣտʼһ˵£ʱҲ׵Ժȥ
ܿ죬͵˴ѧʱˡ
ʦ㻹𣿡
ʦܲܲҪߣҲߡ
ʦǻģأʦ
ʦҲҪߺòá

ﰲ͵վȥ
죬շż٣ﺢӶ˴ͷ¾ͱǵȣ޵ϡﻩ
ôãôû
ǿޣۿҲ죬һ§һӣſǻģʦżپͻǺòã
áСͷڳСԸĨᣬġ
ˣСǣȥɣʦǺܿͻٻġǸСͷ
ǵʦ
˵ʦͻˡ
ƭˣ˵ʦˣء
Ųƭң
С˵ţСҪĹĵŤͷ˭Ҳ˭
ʦ㡣켷ǰ棬ͷС˵С־һССƻǲʮСӣóõĶ
Ҫ˵ȴǵȲˣƻ˵˾䣺ʦҪúñءʣ˵ˡ
żȥϳȻ̫ܵã
СҪˣֿʼźǲҪߺòãҪȥ׷ԼҴźţСֲͣĨᡣ
ȺСƽƤģҪˣе᲻áҲۣſ޵ϡﻩСǣġ
ƻȺҪ׷Сǣһ˲䣬

л˵:
ҲſСͶףӪҺ
ָл
ôô
ͬʱҲлĶС飬ллϹ
Ϣλɺϰ
ʮһ [V]
ӣʲô°ôˣ
Ӵ⻹أ
һ⣬ϲھӵѯʣֺǺǵػصѾͷϴѧˣߵĴѧϾҪˡ
ĸ￪֮󣬳Ամ˸ڣֻհһùǮһֱͳ
쿼ϴѧǸ˹⣬鶼öˣųϲ¸Ҳϲ׼ĸʢ
ӴǿǼء
ѧǿǽ񡣡
ҿи
һѧ󰡣üĶר̽ףء
ѾͷСͰѧϰҲڽأ߿ָˣҲ֡Ц۾ˣһ·˵ؼҡ
Сʱɵѧϰٵ˽鶼˸δĻݡ
Уʲô˲ġմɩŹӣĲС
û뵽˼֮ǰûܿ಻˵񻹿˴ѧ˴ѧѧû
žٸ˵ЩĻƳһۣݺˤϣߡ
ͻȻŵմɩһӣ˵ȴСֹʲô˲ģ

Ӵѧˡ
ӽŵʱմɩŹأƨҲ̧һ£Цúܡ
ȥȥ
մɩһ̣ƲƲ첻鲻ԸҪš
ôòɩ컹ô˵ЦЦ̲˵˾䡣
÷մɩ֪ΪʲôоЩ𣬵ͷ߳ȥû˵
˵ʲôѽҲ죬Ͼͺˡĺܡ
裬أûհֺմ磬ʵ
үȥȥˣСʱϲԴү±ζڽͷ̯ӣ׬Ǯˡ͵
һůӣСʱć£ʱѾͷСȥ˼Ҽͣ˼±дǣ˼һûأѾͷץҧСһƬһϡ
ССġ۵С챧һһһеĽζӣɵЦ
衫쾽ȵòС
һյǺ
ѡߵĴѧһΪѧȷʵСʱһҪȥ
һԭҪǷżٻܻ
ҪѡطٻĻ֮ˣԺѡѧ
ӵȻûȥУ뵫档
һִûһȻúóһٷ˵֮ǰǳ£һٿ
ռ˯һҪȥѧУ
ͷα͵ļҳܶ࣬඼ǰְ趼ģүү̶˵ģɼӳ̶ȡ
ҲƽһܹŮᡣ
ʱȻȲϺѧУ˻һ䣬ϴжԡ
һҪס˸ˣӴϴ軹ֻȥá
ӺǴռҹģý磬ỹûһˣһţĻҳ
̻ȥ˿أ˵˾ʰȥǩŤͷˡ
ȿȡ̲סʵ̫ˡ
üԶЩȽȥʰʰ
ҡҡͷִҪһȥʰ˿һЩ
ԭϴһĨ˺룬˰ĴܺΨһСӲһ顣
˯̰ɣҪɾЩ£ʵ
˶滹׵
ҡҡͷҲ˯ġ
ӵͷʼʰ
һᣬ˸Ůźʱ֣ͷ˾һüͷ
ˣʲôζ
̫ûסˣ˺ĻҳҲùζȻš
ôҪס˸ˣôסѽˡĸܣŮ˱Թ
СС˶סһҲ֡ŴСŮˣѶ²˰ϵĺԹЦź
Ů˿ˣѺõЦЦҲ˸Ц
ˡ淳ŮƳһۣûתһȦֹ
ʰǱᡣŮŮԱߵСϡ
Ůûңһƨȥʰ
ҽʲôʲôˣĸ𣿳Ļģʵ
ʵûʲôøУ˼ҶˣòĻش𣺡ãҽ죬ɷǽѾˡ
˵̧ͷ泤̴ЦЦҲЦЦܰΧΧ
⻰һŮ˺ˣѿڶȻˣôѧӦڼϴ´
ЦЦû˵̺ڴ߿ˣϱɼã˻ܿȫصֲżӣϲ飬ǾϸѧҲ
ˣſٶ֣ҪΪǱصģߵһټеϵ϶ǽѧУġ
˭֪˵ļٵģôȥ׶ѧȥʲôСֹ˸ۡ
ѣͦģҼССǴС̰棬ֵ˵㣬ԺɵøúѧѧŮ˲٣˶ϲѧϰõģһȫصǸǰɾ̽ˣʱ˼ҾǽҲûʲô
ýŵĻһĺøжûˣŮ˵ĻֻòЦЦ
û˵ԸʰԸĶ
һᣬҲˣطС˻ϼҴڣҼһ𣬸ˡ
պĶյĲˣ˴кͳˡ
ߣҴȥԶٺõȥͷЦ
죬ˣҲϲǸᡣ
ոͬѧ˵˻ˣôôôֲ۾Ϲˣˣֲ顣
˰ӣЦôŮˣ˵ɶֻɱֵܰģɱ˿
һЦ˳Ժ󣬲ǡ
ͬĵͷҪ浽Ƿǣ͸ңĳëҿУﳳû
ǧԸί֪
ϴѧɲίġ
УЩͬѧҲԶ㣬ǽ˻֪
Ϲ˵һ飬ʲôˣ
ԡ

סУĻƽʱϿҲʲô档
ﳧӵ£ӻòģѧУ죬Ѹ׼Ķ׼ȫҪʽϿˣӾʹȻȥˡ
ɷˣϴûгȥҪסġ
ڣ춼һסд
ͷΪֱأͰ͵Ҳ˵
˵˵˷ܵʵɷǸģоͦеģѧУǹ˰ɣҲǶˣôʶģôͽˣ
ϲԾôˣ˯ˣ컹Ͽءѹô࣬ˣܵ˵꣬űȥܾٽ
ңʲô˲ģ˴ѧ֮ʲôҲôż飬ǻá߶߶ֹ
ǿǴѧǺˣôͽ˾ɵ
˶Ŭſϴѧģϧλᣬóǣû˵ĬĬԤϰϿݻ˯
˯òϰߣӶ̵ϯרڿǽǱߵһ㱡̺ӣײǽ
ڴϣѵĺɬˮ˳۽ǰŷֿھͿʼˡ
޲»صȥ

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˴Ǵ˼Ѫһÿڳ
һֹһˣܱߴڿ츾ŮγһˮߣһЩ˸ѡһЩˮһЩι
ˮˮǧŶˡ
һҪɣȻͳˡ
Сĵ㣬ˣ˾ͷˡ
̫۾ɨ̣߶ѣĲԾͶָԴݹͷúܣһʮ̫̫·ʼˡ
γôͻѽæǰ֡ǸΨһһѧУʳòɹģ塣
ӿĺ˸֣Цû¾͹ôۼ̵Żɣ
ҵĶ˸Ĵָ
ҲһСݳԵ
£ÿ¶ϸʳ
˵ٽڼѧ/ʦԸżëǮƸƻʳ
źþСӵͷЦŵ﹤ɽɽ䣬ʵúܣҪǺڣ´Ҹ
ֵľѾ˺ܶˣӸɴɽɣиͷһ
ʱ򣬿ɲ͵óڣȣֱǸãҺþûԣء
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ɣҲȥʶʶʹɫ
֪ǲһѣˬĵͷӦ
λӣﾭӪ˸ʳƷλң﹤
ϴҲ棬ͷȫᵽ棬ⷢĺ֣ޣôԸˣ˲ˡ
ˣǴΪءӼȲ䵭Ҳѡ
˾һеûĺ˼
磬ⲻΪʳ÷ӳ̵һǿԶ
ƽˬ죬ﶩ̵Ĩ߶ǳе£Ҳֵá
۾һתŶ̵
ЦЦӻ˸ݸ˵ȳҪǾòǿԴҳﶩҸЩ
ұûʲô뷨֪˼Ҷ죬ǰˣҲþܾһÿ˳۾£޵ȷʵóԡ
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ⶫȥɽɣҲ١
Ҫ٣ҳӾͽڴɽ£㣬ҪҾùȥɡ֪ĶˣҲʹ졣
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¸ղһӵ
Լͻص㣬ϲԸˣ˵Ҫȥȥ
ллŸˣЩõģŸӵȻ֪ڰ
ôϵˣϵǰ˵̫ˡ
ⶫͷ˺Щˣ˰ֳ
úܣǮҲĸ󷽣һǧǮƱӡ
ߵʱ򻹲ĵ´УҲȸŹ


ŲȳԹٸȥ
Ĵ￼칤ѾһˣҪһߣͿοܲ˼ˣӵúܣ¶˸飬ݲһ
Уߣ涼źˡСίơ
ڰ֣ܾˣ˵ʳԵͳˡ
СίЩΪѣͶһӺò˺þƣ֪˼ҲȥԸʳóԵ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôֻܵͷҲɣ°࣬ȥúúȵ㡣
ͷһ˽ʳá
ʳĲ˵Ѿܲˣк⻹г˶УҲñ˰æԸȥڵˣ⣬ع⣬Ӵоأ
ЩȣⶫﻹʱԹȥ֮ûɽȥˡ
СίǼ״æ˵
Ȳ˶ˣȲ볢ôãȻ˽úܣæһ
ʡ˿ڣ͵ĵͷζ
ǰʳûûⶫϵģСίҲϡ棬źһڣ⣬ȷʵ
⻹治͵˵˾䡣鶼˼֣Ҳ˵ˡ
һȺ쵼ˣΪʳõĸȻͶˣˣһϲž´ȣϱˡ
֪ԼѾһ˵ɱӴ˿š
ỹֻϵƵؾҲ˵ϣҲ֪զʲӦ
ҲûԷͷ£ڴϣŴð̾˿Ҳ֪ԸڸʲôûгԷ
ǱߣŸ˿ΣʳãѧУﶼѧûʲôǮʶԵҲĺܼ򵥾ǳˣزˣûʲôζžûθڣתһȦ˸ᡣ
Һ˵һҲˣָ׳ǲ֪ɻİɣ
žͲǮӡһмѧһ·жǮ
ҾɷͦõġһŮȥС˵
жãҪͰѻˣǿǶ˴ѧˣԺʲôҲ˵ǲǣ
٩٩̸һ뵽ЩͬѧϿζ͵죬ߣʲôÿģǸ˻Ůˣ
ޱƿţ˲ֹͣˣҶΣϾɵȻ˵ʲôһ
û˵ʲôѶ°ĳű
죬ôͳԸʳȻóԣǸ˿аڻڶ飬ɲ̫ܳⲻסģҪûǮɷҪʲôûһɫ糣ͳһױȵ˵
ѧУҲ˲ëǮܳԵҪһΣúܣֻԸױΪûǮ˵ġ
첻̲ĻصҲԵС
ѽûϵģò˼ҪûǮԷҿȽ㣬ɷӦҲûʲôǮɣ㲻üŻңҪ𣬿ɱëˡƺܹϵ죬˵⻰ʱüëˣĵ⣬ҲǸ߸ϵӡ
ˡҡͷߵʱ˺ü٣Ǯúܣֻһʵûʲôθڡ

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лͶС
ĪоǱһ
лĶСǵһﻹкܶ಻
һúĥģ
Ϣ
ʮ [V]
㿴죬һĻô˵żԸ⡣Ц˵
˵ûθأͱˣʦ㶼𣿵ȻҪҪһȥϰͬһŮƽȥ˵
Ƴһۣ˸ֹۣװʲôߣֿŻƽ鲻ԸҲŲȥأôȣԸȥɡ
ƽԭҲûһȥܾͷٶ˵ʲô

θ磬ǵˡβϵĺ˵
ԽԽãҲԽԽ࣬ڽĴӼѼԲˣǲɼˡ
ʱʲôҲɣĸܰͻһ˻Ǻͻ͵˶ˣǮʱҲ֣ʹš
üͷͻ٣⼸Ҳͻ͵ɽ䣬ҲЩƣˣֻǲ
ӿŶ̶£ȥ໨Ҳﵽ˽һ⻹̵ֻȿټɽ㳦
ʱȲӶˡһ٣ôﶼϢϢҲæôˡӲת˲˾Ҫȥһˣ̰Ҷ࿴ŵ㡣
ϢЩͻȻЩȣӵäĿݣҲûʣᶨصͷθ磬ͷİɣָóӳµġ
ӵͷֽ˼ͻؼˡ
ʱһֱڳæǻؼˣΪ㶫ȥ
ȥд㣬ȴûô磬ʵڹԸϱ֪ӦûУʲôܲܳԵĹߣôˣɴʹȹȥٹȥС
һڼңҲùֱ̫࣬ӺϵͳС㣬ţ⣬Сɺţɣƽܵ졣
ǹɿҲ׼һЩԸǰѧŪһźۺһ̷ۣҲжӡ
Ǵؼҵģææµµʰ
ŪòˣѾܺˣԸ˵㶫ȥЪţ·
Ūһ㣬׼һЩߵʱ˸˵ڴ϶Ǹ׼ģԼؾʹ˼ϴ·

ѽ죬ϴ㻹ܳԱأôˣῴѾڴˣ
ڣ˵꣬Ӹע⣬ʹ
ܹ黹ЩģټȣһθҲûУ˿ʳöûȥͻϢˡ
Ҳԡ첻͸ӣĪίίſǻˡ
ǰÿ裬ÿ춼úǽ裬ʱˮˮˮ
ǽ顣ۣһƨ̱˵ĴϣԼһСӣԼͷ
ҿɺ˵˵иǰ֪࣬Ȣ˸ţǰǸŻأҪ˵ѽ˶ʲôöɷҲÿһ㣬ѧҲһ𡭡ǴѧȢţǸҪҲûʲôŶȣͬ˵Ż
ܣԸû˵
컹Ҫ˵ʲôأſھʹ޹̴ܰɤţ죿𣿡
ڽԼϽȥ̣ң
̿һۣʾһ£ſɷ㡣
һ㶣˲ʲôæ¥ȥ
ӵ֮һҲûͣЪ͵ѧУ糾ôණվŮ¥£˺Щ˵Ŀ
·˶̲סƵƵͷû°Ѷڵϣרĵ·
ˣһӷæǰȥĺܣСˤˡ
ͣǰ̧ͷۿģ۾գһ¿ӣҲ̰ĵĿ
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ˡӺð죬΢ɳƿڡ
ѧУ֮һֱֵĺܶÿٶúóԣҲֹ̰ԼǲҲԼǿţҲ鷳
Լչ˺Լһ̿ӲŸоίӿͷһӱӾˣµ
ɷˡƽ극ˣ˵
ԣҲˣŶãǲˣһŮͷոҲǰվŸˡ
УվСƳһۣ۲м
˶û˵ãุĸǹˣǰãںЩ˸ڣ⾽
˵Щˣȴû˵ʲô
ˣҸ˶ȥʰʰٴȥԺóԵģţ˵Сﰲο˺þÿֹסᡣ
컹ҭأ۾ӣίͰ͵ĵͷģûʲôˣ˰ͷ
¥µأߵر죬Ӿϳ塣
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ֻӴ̷۳һɣһӣȻһɿϴ˰죬ֲŸһ顣
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Ⱥúøϰޡ
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ԭûʲôθڣڿþŲ˳˰ͷʣµĶӳˡ
ҴӺлҾ͹ӣʱ㻹סɡüʳõķˣʵûʲôӪŶʮһ꣬ڳء
ѧУûѾѧЩˣסǲС
ҡҡͷЦĲãӸ벻ˣչ˺Լġ
չ˾ǲԷʳ٣˽֤ģǲ̫ܻ䣬ֵͷ
Ʋ컹ЩίֲǹⲻԵģҲûθ
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Ӷգգ۾æֶֺõЦЦΣǰɬɰԽԽƤˡ
ԭǣȳӹʱȶˣٹԸϱѧҪ꣬һֱط־Ӱɣܲ
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Ȼ˶ˣҶĻʲôʳѻϰԼ
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Ѿǿ߳ӣվſڣѺ²۵
Ů˵ǮǺ׬Ů˴򽻵ЩʱҲͦѾĺ˵죬ԥԥ²ģȵĽúܡ
һ̣ޱϣ֮ǰһߵǸٹ˵·ҵˡ
ǿۿ˿գ̾ʵڲУٻȥڵ̯ȥ

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죬˵ǿͬļλզ಻ѡ
쵽ңˮԵĶ׼÷ڳ
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죬ҴӺл졣Ӹ˿ڶ
ۿģˣС죺ҡ᲻㡣
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ϴǸˣָϱһѻױƷ˵ϱ۾ڷŹ⣬úܣؼҿһ۶Ӷ࡭뵽ƽʱԽ˵Խߣһ̣Ҳˢˡ
㿴˵ĻǲǸһǲ㣿
˼ǿ϶»飬»ǶϷʮˡ
ٹָ꣬Ͳˣ˵ûҶǺء
һ룬Ҳԣսǻᣬ˶ҲϡĲУӾҲˡ
ʱ֪Ժÿһܼ꣬˹ΪԼϱ򻤷Ʒʱ˵Լ˵ʱȻڡ
ֿˣҿˡǿһӣͼȥ˸ӵ
ߵذƿһǿ뵽ưӣʵûۿģǲŸʶҲ̫˰ɣ
ô𣿡ƿǿҲ⣬ڴѯԼĵ⡣
ӵͷȷʵĲһ˵ɽˮڶҲŪһȥ
Ҿ֪ˡĸŮ˲ǿ˷ܵش֣ôζŪ㣿Ҹˡ
ԣø͹ȥûܾ϶ܾòˣȻҪ׼һЩ
ǿԹȥһҽӸͷһλδҵͷϵҲ㡣
˳·˲٣Ҳ٣ҲˣܲһֱͷϵܣֱԼá
öҪ㡣ǿûԥʹӦҲȥ߿˻պá
Ҳˬͷû⡣

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лĶôô
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ԺĺУΣĺУȴֻһΣ죬ǿ찡С졣
ǿӵ⣬ظúܣҵģ¡
Ǹͷ˵⻰ţɿŴһϿװװϻһԿףͷߣͣǿӳˡ
ôе㲻̫׵أ
һʱҲû뵽ʲô⣬뵽˺ôԺҵͷӳɹǵ˵ͷ
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ߵĽ㣬ʱˣ㣬㴩ָÿ
ðѣҾ㴩ָÿȺŮɻÿءǿ㣬ߺȵ
Ů˿˿ЩĶֲ֪뵽ʲôĵŤͷæˡ
ʧһ⣬ǿ̾ŤͷԱߵӣǷףظŵúܣİɣֿ˺ܶ࣬⣬ⲻÿⶼ׬üʮⶫǱƷŮҲϲ׬ٵ㣬Ҳ׬
ǿͬС棬ǰ̵һϣԼһɡ
ΪʲôҪкð취
ԣ˵ôΪҵͷģ
ĬһᣬӵվǿȻȥˣף¡˵겻ǿ˵ʲôתߡ
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Ȼǿȷṩһ˼·뵽˸취
˿ɫӹ߽·һҷݡ
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Եȡ
ԱһͶһ
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˵ţͳһŸɸɰͰ͵ֽ˶ŷԱЦ
Աһ̬º͵úܣת֣˵ǱסĶǸɲ쵼˵ֲҲ֪ǲģֻ˵ʵڲУȥʣܲҵݡ
Ӹмصͷæл
Աͣ˵԰ͳ˷ݡ
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˱һæ֣ҪҪ˵žҪƿӡ
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λԸˣ˵˲٣ּӰѾ˵Ȼþƺ̻ûͳȥԭⲻ˻ǴӶȴˣ˼һ˵Է
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˼ۣһʮЩǮ۾գһµģǮߵʱϲ
̶һʱ䣬ӰѴһӶ˳ȥ׬һǧ࣬ȵϳʱ׬ˡ
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ʵ֮ǰȻҲ˴̽ɽǴģȴûôࡣ
ɾڣλ쵼ɽһһʵһͷҪˣһֱµĶϱһٺ롣
ôϡζλ쵼Ҳ˰̲ס԰԰ڡ
ⲻڶ죬ֱͣӾͽԸϱְһ
üһˬڣԹ⣬͵سԵ嵭ĶͷҪȥˣһǰһɽȵĸɸɾľ·˵ġ
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ˣ˾ܳסˣǮ·ˣʱѷ޵ƯƯģȴͨ˵磬ٰѵơʵ硢ϴ»ȫ
ҵˣҪסҲ
ٴŴֳ·޵棬ӵǻԽԽõġ
ﵽ˴еĿģҲô˷̵Ʊ
㲻һȥǿοǰѳʱķװȫˣüʹ·ȥΪǮֳ
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ԸʲôûУһףڻծǿֳɣȺú׬Ǯɡ

죬شһ⡣ϽڽһҪʽͣ֡
վ΢˼һ£漴ͣٵػش⣬ˣԼԭ
ȫȷϽں⣬ǰ걻ɳϾţƾŶſεȰһ˹ҲΪѧȰٴ̨
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ܣǲˣҿ˵ڶأŽ״

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Ƭ˵ǰġϧ֮ͳ˥ˣٵĺܡ
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ܸɣɿؿӣԸ룬Ŀ˵Լȥȥ
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裬ⲻ𣿡æ˵û
˸ûɣѳԣĶء
˵Ը̾̾Ҳ֪Ůϱʲô£Ⱳˣ鷴ԽԽȥˣС
뵽ԸŮڿǴѧˣ־ãһжӦõġ
첻˼ЦЦ˫ȾϵǣѾˣӦѾˣҲ֪ôˡ
ǱӸյϴ˸裬ëͷ
θ˼Ѫһææȥӣֺһظ˿һڵ·ˣ˷ޱȣǾʹŹˣǻҪʲô׼Ҫӭʽɶģ
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ΪȽ壬ŹשӵļӹȻͳΪص㣬һĺûᣬȻܷŹˡ
ôŪأߣڰ֣ЩûõģͺһУ̫ˡ
̫ⷴԵ٣ʽˡ
һҲǣǼֱ֣ǿ׶쵼˵ܺ˵ϻء
ļ˵ʵЩϵͬʱҲǼأȻлᣬȻҪץס֯󴬣Ժ·ɾͺ߶ˡ
ˣ˺üˣȥúϢ촩㡣ӵ
ԶԣԴҪϽȥĹ·ικͷ

ӷչɽ쵼̾
שڣټӳĵҲǴӴչ
ԴǻҼһѼӺͼ￲ϵɼľǴѼӵĳЩ˼һ˶죬Ŵӵ
ˣϺ󣬾ͷ㣬ŸҵũʱʱֱӺͱ䣬٩䣬ڣ١
ԴӴｨ˳ԽԽùˣŶܾһܳԱӡЦŵ
쵼ֵͷŵҲķ׷ͬĵͷ˭ϲⳡ棬ﶼ
Ǵ׶һ·Ӳģȥܶ򣬺ܶ壬඼Ƽݣصũѹϱ٣඼ǳģ
һʹҾ͹Ĳƭ˵ġ
ﻹиСѧأʦ׶ѧڣ·ŵƽҲûȥڴأǶϵ֡ǶҲ⣬ҪȻҲרŴת
ŶǿҪȥݷðݷã˵ء쵼ȣҪȥСѧ
ߣС˵Ҳ޶ʶ֣שרשǵӣϽǵʱ·Ź͸պܽ޶֣Ͻĵ׺ãҲûȥ˴顣Ŵ·߱˵˵
˵úãҲúܺáϸɲӣ򵥰һ·Ҷ˺üˣҿɵרżˡ
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Сأңĸ֮Ӧ٣˸ӣڿ׬˲Ǯء뵽СӾ̲סĴָǿû˵
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ϾǱ£ûвʶġ
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ϴ塣쵼ٸĴָ޵
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߿ָˣҲЩˣǸǮģѺͽ㿼ϴѧʶʶҲá
Ƕ棬ʦǽθз񣬶ԸǺһףĬ
ð쵼ڴǰ˿ĸ̾
ԸŶһڣһĻд
Ա߸дŽյģһĻһ
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ʮһ [V]
СѧŴִȥש
שŴҦԽ˸ÿ¶ȥש׬Ĳܶ࣬Ҳˡ
ֱͷȽ壬񶼻ڿΪӳӶѾչĺܲˣֲˮƽ
λͬ־˰ɣҿ˵һ·һӢſ쵼ôᣬһ£׹ٳô꣬ûб¶Цźֿ޵
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˸˾ְԼԼĵԼĲ
ָ͸ҪĲ裬ʱʱҪתƣûг
Ҷ֪׶쵼û˸˵ҴԼͷԼ¡
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Ӵһﶼſ֣ף쵼һ
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Σü̵졢ǳӶĸ˵
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ҼĸҲѼû⹻ζ
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쵼˼䣬ſʼɿ졣
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˶ϳЦÿĵú
Цź˵οǳˡ
ʲôǱͷʶҪģ˵λѽһˡ
1
ǹЦСӰߣٻȥСӺȾȥ

ߵ飬Ӳ»ȥ
裬ʱˡ˵
ˣҲͦˣֵʲôģϡ
ҲȷʵУڼһǴɨɨÿԵĻãˮûϹ
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裬ȥȻᡣӺǡ
迴һۣ֪ЩΪ˶ԼǸѾͷˣɸֵһۣߺ̾Ĩȥˣ۲Ĳ
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ͬѧлл㡣˴ѧͷİ۾
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ûϵڣһúôģ۾ϴЦ⡣
ˣҡ컹û˵أͱϡ
졣һѧУſھͿһĻǻˣһϴǰ
ˣ۾һӾˣǸĿһۣȥ
ÿ𣿡ûкÿֽ仨ñֽġ
üۣӹǻϲݺݵĵͷÿ
Χ˶ţŮ̲ס¶Ľɫ⣬̫˰ɡ
ڲԶɫѿҲƳһۣһȻ͵ͷ˵Ż
¥µԺӸպÿŪɸС԰ȥӻ֣ٸŪǧ濴飬⾳Բԣӱ߱߹滮
Ӽһ̣ɫɣüͣ΢˫Żӽʱʱ䡣
һ·滮һ·Ҫ¥ǸСԺŪʲôģɰˡ
Ѱ˼ǿֵأ뵽˼ҪֻŮ

ûã󱨿ͷ׷ױ˴ӣصСѧٵӣͼƬϸԼţ󽫴Ϊģ壬չıʡ
ϰףıֽˡʵԱ
һһ˾¥ñֽ걨ֽһ߷ֽһ¥
ף岻ǸשǸ
รôóԣ
˿űֽ

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ҶԹ𣿣
ϢעѼ
ʮ [V]
ֽһǣӡǳ׻ˡ
׶쵼Ƕ˵ãĴָ޵Ĵӡӡʳǻܲã
Ⲩһߣֽһǣ齨ĹһҲҪιۿ죬ѯʾ顣
иҲ٣ҳⶼõĲУѹæĹǺ
ǿأЩԼʣµҲæת˶źһȦ
θæĲͣЪдĶǰһĨڣвͣźθ磬
Ϊһ֮Ӵ˿ڸʲôأ
ںԸһֻ
ѵĩʵҲûʵ飬첻ȥѧУպȥ˻ӣ˳Թ緹ʹڼֻ
պȵʱѾȥˣ＾ˣӷѿܸһЩҲһ㡣
ȥûл磬ֱֺÿЩڵСĸָ˵
ûʲô뷨ˣͷԹڿӸ
Ŷ˶ЩϢԴ˵֮ҪСԺŪɻ԰ʱţÿ
Ҳһֻʱʱ׽Ūһ¶ԷǱһȤ
Ǳߴӣôֺÿܳԡ
Щ̲ݣͺͺ̫ѿˡ
ɽĺãɣһǽҲһζء
вģȫҲֻհ졣
õĿأֵ˶ãֻܸɶֲܳԲá迴æһϣһŪöΪ仨û˵
ӶһۣɫȻĬĵͷûп
ЦҪǶ˵һ䣬ƾ衰սȺ塱ĹֲźõģһʼͳĬԷսĽ
ܼ⡣ֹҡҡͷٴˣôˣ˻һƣԷɫĨأҲ治֪Ժ˺ô죿
ũ񣬺ó˹ˣɺش򽻵ˣһĿеȻҪЩܳԵģֻȫ˷
زģŮԸɵŮ֣ҲŵˣҲ˵䡣
˵ǹģӻˣҲ׼ȥ˵ģӿڰ˸Ѱ̯⽻衣
ʵһʼҲ뷨ȥԣ̽̽·ʱҵĹô
ռ¸ˣӹýɣҲø·ȻʱĵĻ죿ȸ·ʡպӼѣ췢ġ
һˣ̲סһжźã룬¿ġ
һ㣬˵Ĳãֻ˽Լˣ᲻÷ͷŵϣζá
տʼ軹ǸĲԸǸëӾȥ죬ؼҰЩɱһȥ˲١
лǮɱȵǰµĹˣ֮Ҳͺݵ³ɱˡ
ӵ˼ǵʱЩһ´ȥ
񫣬˵ҪٻȥиҲͬģ

̳ԱĿŹӡ
ǸBBģBB֪Ҳ࣬˾͸ˣѵòŻῪһΡ
ôҪʲô·ߣưұߡԱ˿ڹƤ˵
һûٱ·
ǰҲ·ˣεBB
Ա´һʹɫˣưɡ˵ƨû̧һ£ּྐྵӡ
ӿһۣ鷳ø𣿡
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ӵͷԣֻУϵˣÿζܣǾȸɡ
ԱˣԭΪˣһҪʵһˣվԭء
ǮӵݹȥһǮƱ
Ա㶵Ľӹ¿ˮ˵ŶŶ
˵꣬ԱֽBBݸӣӲ˵ʲôŶˡ
ߣӭ´ι١ԱԱȸտʼ˲٣ž⡣

ûû۾׸ʲôƽ˵ͬѧεɫνüˡ
ƽǱֽ汨ľӵӣ滹ͼƬƬպһӵĲͼ
ǰıֽǱ˺ݺݵ˼ƣǵͨ죬ѿ
õһӻȥڵ̯з
⳧׶쵼˵ã˵ϲء
ԣ󱨿ҲűˣҶˡ
û뵽ɷǸ


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ô֮ǰôڽϰ̯
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ôһ˵˻Ȼ򣬾Լˣ϶Ǹ⡣
˼죬֮ǰˡ
ǰ죬ǲԣǺǸ

ͺǲ죬۴ʼնӰ죬ͷβûϣ˵ʲôҡҡͷֻ˵û¡
һ־Ըǫѷôӣҫᣬһ޲·֮ǰмĲһ
Ⱥ⣬ɫһѿû뵽˾ȻǸ˱ֽ
Ⱥ봽ݰͤͤ죬ҧˣġ

Դӻȥŷѧʱ򣬿ˣһĿĲ˿ԸţʮֵΣУѧͷ绹׼ʱ׼ſڵš
ͬѧݽ̫ˣݺܷḻ̾
źۼüϴòЦЦ׻˵Ҳܺá
ÿ׼ݽÿʦҪģΪӣʱؼӺ轲Чǲʦı
㻹ǲ㣬вţҿĽɷȢļ˰ϿЦɵǲǿЦֻԼ֪ˡ
һʶͬѧƵ˵ĻֻЦЦû𻰣Ųȴźۼļӿˡ
ſڿӵӰ˿ϱ鶼࣬첽ǰ
ʦ˵˼仰ˡ͵
˳ֽӹ챧ŵ飬ͷƳ˲ԶһۣʵҪȥˣҶóԵģǺúóԶٷûرԵģ
ӺͶԱʱȫͬģȫжǷòºͣ˫京ҲԾķ𣬴ŵԼ⣬òã
ӵͷͣãȥ͸
ȷʵķʢļĸģ۵˵㽴ͣԵͺ⣬˸˸زˡ
Ѿܹ̹ȻĿŪôһòˣȫ̼Ӳ˰Ϻźˡ
ŮҲˣ˻мвˣӶЦöˡ
裬ҲԵ㡣ļɺóˣ۵ġҨһ׼⡣
ͷ˸ռԵ⣺ʲôʱӣ
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Ҫ㣿ʱպÿڷ٣ʱע㣬żٸպӣ̽
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һӾͻˣͨ죬ĿİͰͣôͻȻ
Ƿ˽ӽţҼˡ̾˵Ļеί
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˵ô֪ôأ˽ˣӿĵһ۾֪˴ʲô⣬˵Ǿô֪ô
Һֲ죬ԺԶ
ӵͷѵ´ͲҪ
ͲˣֻúЦͷãҼˡ
⣬𣬵Ǿ˯ɡ
ƽ˼ϿΣӶ̫ڣ﷢ᣬûΣ˺úôһ
챻ڵ϶ˣͷ˿ʪϣıڻ
Ұġ۾Ҫ˯ʲôſ۾ͻȻ
ɳƿǻȷΪ棬˵ӵǣֱ۾ڲˣһ˯˹ȥ
һ㶣һ˲ıʲôУĿڹ̣ӯֱգţðżĸ֣Ҳ㡣
ڶ·ģһ·͵͵šӺüΣÿζЦѩˮɤӡ
迪ֳں棬ʱѾĺӭŷ翪ˣʮ
ӱҪã档
ҲԶֳֿܿ͵ˡ
裿մɩ۾һǿֳľ裬ɵþ
ͣ³մɩ̧̧°ͣӦһš
զŪֳ㻹Ὺˣմɩȵ۾ɳˡ
Ӹģȥˣ⡣
ȥˣȥҸлȥˣ£ҲȥˣԸֳԼֳһúܵ裬ۻؼҡ
иˣúһתֳֿ
ֳȥȻھǵĸ߶ע⣬ɰĽĺˣΧֱ
Ц۾ˣǫӦͣһû͵
մɩں棬Լֳһ˵˵˵˵⻵ˡ
ӺĬĬں棬ȫò΢Ц
ǻˣǸãҸպհֻؼŻˣŮŮҲˣҲˣϡ
Ĳһ㣬մɩ͸ˣܵúܣ⼸Եģհʵûζ¹˵Ѱ˼¸ųԡ
绹пΣڼҳ˷ͻȥˡ

θ磬ü𣿡θӴ绰ɤӺ
ԡӻظ
ԴBBӾһȥһ£Ǳ̨ĴԱͿ԰˴
δһ룬˹˹ȥ
θ磬ʱ䣬ͨ˵磬װȣװȽúϣԺʲô¾ͿԲˡμúܡ
ʱ䲻ϵй˵ʲôιѧϰȻӴһ㣬㻹еô
Ǵǵһͨϵģ廹ŶأǻװȣԺ˭ʲô¶㲥Ҵ绰ˡ
Ҳͦˣͦõѽ
θ磬ɶʱʵ̫æˣʱͷһѡιǺͺˡ
ˣɩӷźˣҾͻȥ㣬ټּ֡Ӱο
İڿˣӵĵչˣˣЩĺЩץ֣һûоɽ䣬˶ˡ˵Щɫľû뵽һԼô쵼򽻵û뵽ᱻô쵼׷Ҫ
ͣϹˣʹ˵һˣǵʱֺ죬ͶǮĶзݡӹ

л˵:
ܶ˵ٿЩС˵ʲôʲô֮
ǿС˵ǡģûġǾС˵пաˬ壬ϡпġʵ磬ʵûн壬񫣬ʵ
Ҹ˾ãĶһǻ˴һЩģȻǲӵС˵ˬңǿԴÿмȡһЩߵۡ
һֱдһЩģӺǵĸһ˳裬ŷļ⵫һҲٵܶǶøжûرʿɶֹ˼ǲΪ֣˶໥ġ
о仰ǣÿڱʱЩ֪ô֪ˢҾģǸĸ˵İǶİ
ȻֵһָڱʱҪ֪ôģҪиȣҪȥ⣬£ҪҪֳ˵
од󰮵ģҪ̺Ƕ飬ڶ̵棬Ժд
ͨӵĽǶ ȥһ棬Ӱӵ飬·һЩԼҲҸ
봫һֶǣŮҪԼ룬ҪȥŬҪȥ⣬ҪΪκ˷Լǰ;Լ룬Լ¡
оǴдĴ󲿷ֶǶжģүӰǣǻӣҲ봫ݵһ
ҵһ Ҿ鲻ıޣûкܺõĳֳ
ϣҶκС˵Ҫֻˬ𣬴̼ʵҲȥõһ滵һ棬ȥһЩĶȥתΪԼۣΪԼ
ԸǶܵһֵˡ
ϽҸ˵һЩ뷨
ʲôԴҶ
Ϣǡ
עúѧϰ/Ӵ
лĶ
ʮ [V]
ͬѧܰҿҽöûнЩ˼ͷ
ûȥǰ⣬̧ͷ棬򴽵ͬѧҲᣬȥͬѧ϶ᡣ
ǳѧգԵһĴѧǳŬ
ͬѧⶼûô˵أòҷɣЦ˵˭ҪȥǸףκӲѣһҲޱ߷˵ˡ
ͷһ߼飬һ˵ɷϲҺͱӴԺʲôȥףˣܹ⡣
ʱѾѧˣС˽ۡ
ɫЩѿǿŵڿˣҲѧ⣬ɷҲû˵̺꣬еζ
̧ͣͷѾЩˣɷҪңֻ׵ѧʱҺãαطҪأ
˭ﲻ뷨ΧղĻһۣüŪ۵ģЦһ
ɫ׳װһºģмޣʲô
˵͵ץԼıӣĶӡ

ˣϾҪˣѧУźˣȿͿԿʼˡ
ꣿʵ
ڼвˣһ٣뵽ȥռҵĳششɣÿǡ
ǹǵġ
Ӷԣô˵Ҫȥһ˵ģʶͷ֮ǰȥ衣
죺á
˵˼ԷӸ˿ӲˣЦ˵뷭޶С¥
Щûʲô뷨ģ˵ޣǾޣûʲôֻʵǼǮ֮ǰʦ˵ʵҲе㹤ʵġ
ˣ곧ӿ׬˲Ǯȥ鷳˷ءӵ
ȾЦ⣬Ȥǲ֪γҶٹǮ
ҪǮôֵǮǷ˵ˣֵ𣿡װԾ
㣿㲻ֵǮ㲻ǮҿɲŶ
ϰкãͼְһ˷¡

һùʦҲϲŬĹĩȻǲõĵģ˾Ϳʼʰ㿴հͻش塣
ûʲô˾һȥ֣׼ռҿ衣
˹ˣʱָ˵˷ˡæֹ
Ѿƿþһ̷ۣġ
궼꣬Ƕ׼㡣ȴ˵˵ɸ
ΣֻȥӻŪһˮͷһӺǡ
ôණȻû취ȥ
ڶ죬˸ʦ͵ռ¥¡
ӴռѾͷǷżˣ
˴ѧˣɾǲһˣſʺ˲١
ɲǴѧ
ôණҰбˡ
һ¥ɾͱɡ䱦һһϡĲУ̾
ھӣӵǶϸţ첻춼Цʺôк
Ĵͷβֻܴò΢ЦӦ͡
ռſڣžȻû˽ӣ磬˵ֻʱӦû˵ġ
ǶȥӿǱ̯߰ȥϡҪҼԱһھӰ̳˵
û£ӣȥԿ׾ͳɡܵ
ӵͷû˵ʲôֽȥˡ
˰Ѷſڣȥӿ衣
ëǮһˣˡմɩ˵ƣվ̯ǰ棬Ŵ󱦣ɤߺȡ
ذ˼СӣСӣ֧˿ڹ㣬ⲻġ
˷ֹҲȷմɩߺȴޣմ縺Ӵӣֽը
ӴӻˣմɩˣĲС
󱦺þûùˣҪ챧˳ưѴ󱦱Цţ
һˣпյӣ£
ˣʵ
춺Ŵ󱦵ͷûˣǼҹˡ
Դӷҵ׬Ǯ֮һʰջÿ쳴óȥɴϳ㣬ˣһ׬ĶܱǰµĹǮ
һæմմɩҲ׳
մɩǿҶ˿ڣһ˵ɤӾߺȣ˭䣬Щᡣ
ŮŮˣšǿʱҵ̯ؼңҲ̯ˡ
׼ɶʱޣԽָԽ졣
Сʱ򣬼ҳĺѧϰֿʼĽӣСڲ赹һҪ顣
ҵʱ󱦵ʱ򣬿ɿˣָҲָĺáմɩҲͬĵͷ
Ӻһۣ˱˴еΣ׷ͷԷҿ
컹ѧأ˵հվˡ
ҪǸսͰ˶á

Сޣɽ仹ûУǿЦԴֺã֡
ǿĻشǰһͻˣģҲЪЪǣ
ʧ̾Ĺ
ãóϡ˵Ҳɽﳤһ㶫ѳҲ˵
Դ֪ɽǴӺԶĵط˹ģϡúܣһﶼŪ棬ȥԽԽ࣬ǿһһδЩͲ
ʵû취ˣͰѼ۸㣬ǹӦ
ҪҪҸַԸȥȥⶼǳģϹֽءԴӸǿӴ˲ˣ˲٣ЩɲҲá
˾ȵĵŶģ˱ֽأ

л˵:
ʵ̫QwQ
еæҶൣม
ʮ [V]
СһҲˣ˵ɶʱܷǮһŮ֯ë£ѯʵ
ʱӵʱͬͶǮ´ˮƯ˵ʲôӣҪͶûֹ
ۼǮͶ˽ȥһĶŵģ³ǮҺóԽԽˣǮûõ֣ܻǷŲ
˲˵ǰͻᷢƣǳãûţСӻһǴʵ磬˵ʲôϴ»Ըϴ·һӾУôǮǲɣһŮǿÿǼҲһүһֱԥɲܣ˼һǮͶ
Сѧש˼СӲٰģǸ͵ģש׬˶ǮЩĴ쵼ֱ˼ܸɡ
ֶܷǮ
أͶĶ࣬Ӧֺܷôһʰɣ

ԴӺش壬˿ɶأͶǮĶŷǮأûͶڵĳӶ˵ǵſ֡
ѧУҲǮˣܹǼӣҲİٰˡ
ܹˡٵҲˡ

ôǽܹ׬
βŵ̧ͷǴ֪׬˺ܶǮû뵽Ȼ׬ôǮԹԣⶼüˣʱűʵֶڶ
̧ͬͷ϶ĵͷҲû뵽ô׬Ǯһֱ֪ӵǰôѣһֱû̹ĳԺȡ
ֻǸͷ죬Цֻǳ󣬻ġ
ֹⱲӶûôǮλǻл㱲ţ뵽ǰͿǮòôǮǰǮʲôʱô׬
Ժ׬Ǯƽĺ˵һ
οθٿɩ˱鶼ܵȻԸĶ첻ˣĬĬѵߵĻȥθɩ൭ȻԵԼСֵġ
ԴӺʰʰһֱæŶԳˣ껹ҪǼͶ˶ǮҶǮõʱǮʱ򷽱㡣
ôôûû˰ɣ
ɱ׬ôǮ᲻ó˰ɣ˵ˣͶǮȥȻָǮĺ£ǮóҿʲôʵǮģǻɵɵš
ЩûͶǮ˵Ự˵úܣ޲ǮҲֲźãԵǵľôӢ
ޣ˵ʲôỰأ׬˶Ǯﲻ⻹нһ²ŹأЩǮĶǼɶһӵĴ·⻰ɲˣͿʼҲͶǮģԸڳ﹤
˵Ϊɶ춼ﲻҳҪǮҾͲԼǮͳ˵ҲƲ磬վм۶췭ȥˡ
㡭ӻ˵ʲô
ۿҪˣһܹſӵĴ˨裬ɶϣγټЩ˶ȥң˵Ҫϡ߰ɡ
һҲ˲úˣصĺһæˡ
ޣʲô

ʱˡӼĲˣ˵
ûûС
࣬ÿŸɻµؿɺöϡ
ɲϣÿ»̵үǿɰˡ

һȺһ˵˵ŻҪƫˣӼ״æ˵ѴһﶼǸҶպһǮ졣
˵ʹ˸񣬸׼õǮŰŸ˷
ѽкҲ̫ˣǮɲˡ
лллл

ÿЦ۾ˣźֽŵǮǽһϲѽǮˣɲء
ԴôһݹŲ˵ҲţҲٴСУӹıˣÿŹǮû뵽˻кá
˵ףĻǸɢˡ
̣ʱˡӽݸ̫̫ڣæ̫̫ɰ˲æöʱ򣬺Щ黹̫̫Űæܵĳӵģһ㲻ġ
ˣǸм㻹ϣ˵ǲǴӣ̫˵ʲôҪǸոѾһˣﻹգ
԰Ҫ㣬Ļõ̫̫ĵͷͬҲա
Ϊ˷㣬̫̫˶̷÷һ𣬾úܣ˿һӱˣû뵽ԼܿԼ嶼ֱֱͦ
ÿǮôˣĽ˿ɶˣӹĺõúܣǱ˭ϣԽԽá
Ӻ˵˵Ȱ£ͨһ˷飬ָ̫̫һ˷ʮ飬Ҳ̫̫ҵúܣæŻؼȰȰס

һ£Ҳ֪⣬ΪʲôҲͲϻˣֱӷǮֵĶŶ߾ˡ˵
ǰ˸ӣߣǰ˱ӺͱʣԱ߾һڴӣ涼Ǯ
ﳤ١
ҦԽһ

ֵ˶ǰǮһݸǣڱϼ¼
õǮһл㱣ǹȥǵصصũһҲܲһٿ飬һ־ϰ٣ٵ˼ҲǶϣܲǮֶڶؿڵĶؿڻ
Ŵһǧ
⻰һ˵꣬ŵǧ۾ȥ뿴һǧǮһɶ
Ϊ˱Ⱪ¶Ǹҵġ˵˼ǰͶǮ˼͵͵йģһҾһˣպǿѧˣŴˡ
˻Ҫ֪ôǮָǿл㱽ӹǮԾ졣
˵ŽǮСľŶһС
θ磬ô׬ǮҪһɰɡǿǮ˵
ôȥ׶ϹѧˣǴѧˣûϢӺЦһ¡
ԭΪ֮ǰѧЩˣȥ֮ŷָѣҶԼͷһȦ˵ǿ̾ܿϴѧţ񿴵ѵ鱾ѧ˶Ҫͺˡ
ͬĿֿԸϱ챻ǿģЦˣŴֱء
лҵΣףҶܹꡣҲⳤƪˣ֪żؼңǮЦ˵žɢˡ
ָܹꡣ
ǰɶСӡ
ҼﻹڼҵһȥǮأҿɵøϽȥ
ҼҲǣҿɵûȥú˵˵ŲǮӢͶǮ»ǼүŮ˰С
ɣ㱻׷ˣͿˣЩƤӰɡ

죬ˣȱдˣдȥѷ˸үүιˡĸӳ̽Դдֵ˵
ɵӦСĵķǦʣվ
ߵһ룬ſиӰ
ʦ쾪ϲĺ˳ȥס죬һֻ˯Żţ˿Ŵվſڣûṳ̈أһӾͱ챧סȡ

л˵:
ԽԽ
Ҷഩչ˺Լ
лĶۡ
ʮ [V]
ʦȵˮĸߺ£ݶˮݸ졣
æ˫ֽӹźһڣˮǣŵζǴдߵı׼ˡ
콫ϣ˵ӣûɶ£Ҿǹ
ĸͷ·ϲ֣Ӷ棬ϴЦ⣬ԺȦļѼǶδ㽣ص˼Ѽÿ¶׬ЩǮӺù˲٣ׯճҲֻ˵ֻӰеͷˡ
߶߶˵һѣ˵žԼ˵е̫ˣʧЦתͷ죬мⶼγ
ĻԼܸɡҡҡͷ˵Ķĸ˵⺢츳ڷܣһҪȥ
ĺϲС츳Ҳѧ棬ϣԺѧڴһӵء
뵽Ըӣĸᣬ˵ʦǲ֪ȥϴѧ֮⺢ÿ첻ˣһȥɽҰˣҾӣżĲ˿𡭡ȥĥȫѪݣСӾ˵Ҫ飬Ҫһѧ˵ţĸĨĨᣬЦЦİɣҺ˵ˣҹҲҪްȥ
ɬתͷιүүԷ죬ȻѾͨ˵磬Ϊʡ磬ּﻹǵú͵ƣٻƻ谵ĵƹ£רע档
үүˣ֭Ǵͷ룬Сĵĸүүɾּι
ּҳܼªɾүү۾ûˣ첲Ҳûˣ·϶ಹϴķףССĸүүι
һĻؿԺ
ߵʱĸԺӲ԰Ӳһӵ߲ˣʲôҲҪߡ
Σֻһ߲˴ּҳ
ôۿˣӼٳûȥ̫ˣһ˻ؼҺ£ּ治Զˣۿ죬۽ǡ
ЦЦҡҡͷ˵ֻ߰ɡ
ҲٶʣӹǶ߲ˡ
ǰ˼ͻȻסͷּۣéݣſĸ컹վſڣһһӰӱ¹ڵϡ
߰ɡһعͷƵ
ͷû˵ʲô¹⽫˵ӰԽԽ

ҷ˶ǮûͶǮͶǮ˼ң͵Ŵ̽
ǮʱǶ֪ͻȻ˵ǮѾˡ
ɶҪ㣿Ů˵һۣ·ˡ
Уһûֶ٣Ĩ棬Ȼúúҫҫ޵һ
ȻûݣèץһҪ֪˷˶Ǯ
ɲ֪ģЩ˶Ǳ˿ǵĺӰ˵ʲôϿڣҲֻԸϹ²¡
ЦôǮ˭Ҹҳȥ˵ҪҪǮ˼͵ȥǿǿ޶ûطȥ
ЩƣӺȻǲ֪ģһȥУĶȥˣһȥˡ
СӣڿǴ˰ǶСӿϡĲУþòˣӱ˺ü£Ц
ӻǵİãʴ⣬⻰Цǲ̧𣿡
Ȼ֪СԸб£⻰ҲˣЦԽڴȤô죬ڼﱧޣʲô
ⲻ̫û˵꣬һת˸ӣҲе
Ƴһۣû֪С²
Ц̾ڰ֣˰ˣ˵ɣʲôֵôһˡ
ġҲӣֱӵ˵
ʲô޹·Ǿˡ
ӵͷϵ···ض㣬СγȥҪ˻Ҳ㣬Ҫ¸꣬͸ûˣˡ
ɲһ˵ģʱ濪ᣬҵú˵һ£ڡ
ףһҴŴֹҪΪ·ͱǮҳ붼Сٴǿ·Ҫԡ
Ǿһ£ӣ̾ҡͷСӻʲôҲ롣Ǵӻء
ЦЦô˻أҪʲôɣʱôӻҪЩʲôġ
ǷϣϾҪˣӶÿ˶кô
Ǵ˱ɲͱ쵼𣿺Щѧϰιأ˶⡣
Ӵǰ칫ҳȥǿ
Դǿʼͻһ˾һֱסϣڿɷˣͻǮͣʶ˺ЩˣߵĶû˵ġ
һΪ˸պһΪˡ
򳵣аɶʱȥҿ͵Ȳˡǿһһģúܡ
ֳŻ̫ˣҲͲ˶٣ЩҪĶ࣬ˣһӹǶʹ
죬һȥ׶򡣡ӻصʵ磬㻹ʲôῪĵ֣Ըһ˻̫Щ
ԽԽֻǿһͻȻǲеġ
˵Ľǿ˲٣ݻ٣ǿһ⻰æ˵иǰһͻֵȣҲ塣
ӵͷ˵ʲôʱԼųһ棬Լֺ˼ɢˡ
ͥŹİǳһͷվ·ֱɵЩڣӦסһڶ취ȥǸȽ塣
С·γ˸˵˳·߲˶ãһߣ·ûˣ߲ͷ
ֵܡֳͥ۾һæ֡
ֳͣͥæȥ¶ЦʵֵܣȥĶȥμҴ壬֪ĶܲңҲ̫ԶˣģҲҸǮɲ
ֳӣպôϻȥü˽ͥһۣ°ʾϳˣպãҾȥμҴ壬˳·
˳·ͥһֳ˵úܣǿ̫ˡ
ֵܣμҴˣʶӲ֣ͥҲͶˣڴ
ţʶӵͷ
ͥʵ֪զദ
Żɰɡӻص
˵ʵҲǴģ˵иɽ䣬ǧŪɽ֮⣬Ҳ̸⣬Ҫ˺ദǿɾ̫ˣȻһԼһˡֹͥ
޻԰ѵַǸɲһ˵ǸɲԥܾãһκѳԷʱ˵
ͥʱǷϣһͻרȥ˱ֽо˺ü죬ԽԽ̻ⲻԸˡ
ӴСӴѻˣƼӣк
ӴЦͷʹʺá
ӣ֪Ĳͥѯʵ
ֵĿһָָۣӵⲻһģ㲻֪
˿֡
ͥһ㶣ӣ֮ûҲһ·϶û˵仰ǸԵ
ﵹͦģʱģ˽һأ·˾ӣ
߰ɣȥҼң˵˵̸ʲô⡣ӸʾԼߡ

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ѧı
͸ϰޡ
67.ʮ [V]
˼Ժչɽ䣬˻ȥĳӰװۣüʵ
ͥصĵͷԽ˵Խ˷ܣż֣ȻһǮչװȥԤУⶫȫ㡭
ѾδƱӽ㶵ˣС۾ڷŹ⡣
ҲгӣԼװۣΪʲôҪأӿŽͥЦЦʵ
֪ĳӦҪ̵ΪɣɽʲôĲǴӳģÿֻںгһķͬ⽫۸ңҵĳҲ·ȻԸ⽫⼼ң۸Ҳġͥŵĵ
ûԼֲģȻߵĲǳˣϾ⳧ϸ˵Ҳһ˵ġ
Ҳûȥٿרų۾ǿ˳һΣҲô£ﻹأû뵽˯ͷˡ
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Ӻ̶⼼ǿÿ¶ֻ
һҲõĶ˺гԲ£·ͥҲֻҪÿ˴λԼװۡ
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Լᣬȥ극ҴȥסĵأǳˣҲˣվ׼ȥ
ûжס˵ӣŮڣͥҲ㣬ֻطͥҸסĵط
㣿ͥЩ£ոտǿ˳˼ңϱôԼ
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ӳԲĹĵĶһۣÿ˶ֵĵ㻹ɣϾͺá˿Ҳǻӡ
ͥ˿ǿ׿ףɲᡣ
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϶õģڵʱ򣬾տĿ죬ÿժ˾͆ԺÿǿһߣĶġ
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Ӳɷãѯعٳ⣬㻹ʲôԵĲǺþûЩ⡢˻żҺ͸߼͹ġ
ٳز˰ɣײˡϣ컹ϲԵ嵭ģ˵
˸սʱ³컹˼ˣʲôͳʲôµûʲô˼ģʲô˵Ҳ
üۣƵĻΪˡ
УҸӽкõӽ﷭ͷӦ

û뵽֣ôóԡͥһڻع⣬̾
ɱȺЩﳴĺãĺܡǶڽͥ˼죬ûԺõ˵ֱĺ޲ͷ̵ˡ
ӸһӰײˣЦ˵˺üġ
ͥ⣬˲˵Ĵָ
극ҪͥȥסȷţҵȻϴȻݿ飬Ͼͻ
ͷͥĺ𣬸ˡ
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Ƽˣλɩɫ̬ȿɲӹӣƣλֶϱǸչ˵Ӳ˶ˮ˵ŻҲ˵ʵûжϱ
˵˳ָһӲ˶ûϱ˲óԡ
ƳһۣԺúܣϱҲã꣬ûһֱ۵ġ
֪ΪʲôͥǴӵϿҫɫҲȷʵĽϱҲ˿ˣսʱ򻹺ã۵ģӾ˾͵ˣǳе¡
Ӳ˵ͥźһ˼Ҳ֪˼ʲô
Сӿ湻ģ⳧Ӳһ࣬׬ôǮ㣬ɵøҺúøɡĸƹ֯ë£Ŷ˵
뵽ֵõٶﻹȺء
ϡأ⻰ˣ룬ָָԸͷ˵ûúøɣͷĶͺˡ
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Ȼͷɸοɴûˣɹ죬Լϡ
ˣ˶˯ˣĸ˷֯ëµ
ڼҲˣܸɣЩ˼ҶϡϣýŶ˺üˣù˿У˼ҹҪ⣬ܽϱˣޣӰɾˡĸ׵Ķе߶ĸ˵ûꡣ
ÿͷˣƫƫҷһ˵ĸ͸ˣֻܳĬͷԷ޲̽ȥϽ˯
ûлӦĸһҲϲӽ˵޵ޣøʱˣϲȥԣȥ˭ˡ
θ磿㶣θϲڼϱأ
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Уλû˵ĸһǸϽš
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Ӹһ£һ˵һƤӶˣԸͿʼˡ
ٺýͥҲ͸ĸǻؼȥˡ
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ͥ˳εķߣͬĿһۡ
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̸֣⡣ͥش
αһ̸⣿̸ʲô⣿ˣӲ⣡
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⼸ÿÿ궼׼Ǯ̫һﻹ⣬궼ըӡ
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ִɩεӦŹǷ˸
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ӴӹΧϵľΧȹӵһߣ˵ȥ
ִɩֶɩæϡ
ӴӣԽˣŶ񡣡̫ӭȥ̫֣Цø仨ƵģĨۡ
Խ̫Խ裬Ĩ֣ƳһۣҲףֱ˵ôʲô
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ȥģϸ˵Ǳĸѽ̫ߣЩƣ̫ﻹͣЪ
̫ûˣʲôⶼҴޣһٿǮﶼɣʲô⣬ǸԶԶģȻǸһƤɡ̫żɨصĴɨȥˡ
̫ʱɲǳصģܳƤû¹˭ļﲻµģ
ҵԼҵˣæôЩ¶ˣɲͺ˵ˡ
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ڳӶðָҲǸС쵼ֵ¹ˣ簡пӲԼԼ
Ϊ̫ݷ⣬ܿŹˡ
˵ǿʮǮ˼˵Ҳɡ
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ձѻû״
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˶һۣӶԷ￴ؿ־塣
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ģ˵ǳԽԽ󣬻˱ֵֽеĶ͵ȥһأƼֳһһĶȥһ˺ЩǮ
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ֵסˣѪѷ꣬˵ǳҪͣʱ˵ȥǮͻĽ㶵
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ϴɴҧҧԼ磬ͲˣҲ̵һǮ
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¶һЦʹɫʾһȥ˵ǾͺƤȥҪһ
Цŵͷ׼˺ֽ׼ȥ޶ëȥˡ
˻ûأԶ¬ʮĺ
СӣⶼǵˣԶİ
¬үүдã˵޶ܳ״Ԫ
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¬үүллαŶ˳ǱӹǱϳġ
ӺһۣαŶɵǺǵĺ˴˸кˡ
СӺѾͷˣ¬ϼ˸ףֺǺǵ˽
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Ҳ¬үүֺãһﶼϡЦЦɵվһߣ¬д֡
Ѿͷȥ˰ĴѧԽˡ¬ϱĹЦ
ףθ磬ˣ¬˯ĽյԱ˵
Ϲģϵ꣬ӣ¬ִģ
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겻¬ɵǿصĶˣӶߵ°ͣˣ¬ϰæд
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С̣Ҫõһֵܵһ˾䣺ģֵǣˣôɪǰ͸ˡ
ȸ׷ȥɵˣ˼ֽˣĸμ˵лˣֵܡ
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ˣСǰףƺͦģΪֺδĸֺƤȥҪһ
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¬ϻû˵ɶأͱһߵöŹ׷һ·
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˵ŲףʵڵֲĸԺըһȥ˼ң£ǸڴģǸİ׾㡣
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ҹʲôȴĹУѾʼ˼ҹҪʲôˡӵС֮󵥶ĵһ꣬ӡ
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ãһֱĨˣɡСèӹķ֣ԼʲôҲûֻȾЦ⡣

˭ҪڣҪڵ峤찡ο壬һ·š
ҼһҪ׼ʱ죬ĸ𡣡
ҲҪ

⻹רŴģǽǮűףףҲ
ⲻŴԸǿ͸οŴڡ
ҲŹ˶ˣǮᶫһæĲֺ
θ磬ãҪȥءƼӹˣæǰȥ˵ϻȾ˽

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ǸңǸ˰»ȥ˾ɵˡ
ߵʱҪԼһģһȥڵȴûţߦ
ӺǿһۣĬĿıڻؼңֻʣ¸յ׸Ρ

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үزԸϱˡ
ש׬˵Ǯһǰˣһש
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бҵˣҲ˸УûöˣڼҴ꣬ĸ͵˾ˡ
֣ѯʵ˵бҵ˸Уôûȥأ
ﲻã˵Ҷôûá˵ɫЩ䡣
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ɲǰӻԽԽõġ

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ʮһ [V]
εϯޱȣһԳԺȺһֱ˺ҹų׽ЩӶ˾ƻؼ˯һ졣
ϯһֱ֮ĺһʱ䶼ҽֵԸݡѼ죬̲סҪҫһء
ĸǴ𣿾ɱͷȫһԷȾƹ꣡˵
˴ʮ죬žûϹ
ӺһͰɨһ飬Ŵ϶˶֣ϰˮ죬Ǹ׼ġ
ҹһġ
ˣҲ˷ѣ˾ˣһϲԵġ
Ķ࣬͹˳ԣǰһһӾ˼ҵĸо
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ΪרŪһѾƻһ˵һ̵ģˡ
Ҳܸˣ˿ʹüĿͣ͵ĵƹ¸ᣬѽ
Ѿƶߣûȹƣһ˫վͿʼ죬ٺͿʼЩˡ
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˺ȵ΢״̬Ҳ˯Ҳֻͦǻúܶࡣ
ˤţţ˵ʱʱ˳˳ͷԵ
֮ǰ̫ģûע⵽ѧУŮӺ٣˵Ҳ֪ҶŮӶûãҪ˵ġ˵ֺѹСѧϰ趼Ǳܶ;̬ԴҲûеĹ⡣
ǣŮӲֻֻܼˣҲܶ°˵еʡ
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Ҳлл㡣ЦЦı
ллĳ֣ллһԼļҡ
϶ûиҰƬ࣬ϲ˵ϰƬΪʲôǰӦʲôģˡͻȻʲôƿӿʼߣ˵˵ŻҪˣӷʲôˡĴ
ʲô˵Ƭ࣬еˣɤе㲻ӾͰɤӡ
ʱ쵹ʲôҲû˵ܸһ롣
֪ﻹأӿЦã⻰תҲ̫ˣеˡ
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Ҫȥ棬һӦҪأҲҪ˯ţһƬ뵽ʲôʲôѹû߼
ӽ˷ŵϣ˫ֳߣͷ죬ƣ죬춼ˣ˼ҶѾ˯ˣûպ档
ҪȥؿҪǷؿǲʵʵڴϣŤŤȥǲ֡
ôˣˡ˵Ҫ͸Լѧף죬ڼ˺ܶ࣬Ǽ򵥵ֽţóһĴСд֡
ΪʲôȥҾҪȥ㲻Ƭ࣬Ҳ˵ӣͼӸ첲ߡ
ӵû뵽Լɵź˾ôڣЦ˫ץ˫ʮָۣ۵ͷٸᣬͷס˺촽

ˣһۣͿһߣЦ⡣
ϵ£ͨ죬ˇĲУôҲ벻ԼΪʲô˵Щ
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쿴һƬ໹һ㶣̧ͷӣƵʵôôࣿҲȲѽ
ӸҨ˰ɤӣ̾ûȵƬ࣬𶼿ˣҲøϽŲϣȺɤӣȻٺࡣ
һ৵ĺĿİͰͽ͵Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵ЩòС
ɤӲԸ㰾ɤӣûƬ࣬鷳¶ҲңӦûûС
֪ġ첻˼ʵﶼġ

壬ʦѽﺢӴ·һһͰҰȥˡ
ѽü䣬ץǹǵĶ
һҲǶӻǹ
ǴϰףСǵŰ˾ץѹӻǸǣһϺüװŻؼҡ
ʦôÿ˵Ů
ʦʲôʱϿѽǺ㡣
ʦʦ

ӿ§żС˵һ̣ͻȻҪиԼСҲ
壬ϲʦ˵ϲһҪȢؼҵϱԺ󳤴˿Ȣʦ𣿡һСкͻȻסӵĴȣ̧ͷӣʵ
ǺǡӽԼոյ뷨˸棬׳ԺĮؿСкܾúίֱ˵ԡ
أҪȢʦСк۾ˮĨᣬ޵òۿģҭţСĨᣬܿ
ȻæСкţվԱڳú̿

ˣҪʼΪµһæµˡ
θ磬֮ǰ˵·ͨϣ¬ɹҪϽȥϰ࣬ߵʱӣںӱ˵
ӵͷȰѹ·ˣ·ʲôĻԶ
Ҫһֱú÷չԽԽ˵пܡ¬Цţû뵽ʱ䣬󱨶ˣҪһֱȥԽԽ࣬˵ϣ
ȵʱٻȰѹ··ͨˣ·Ͷˣ￿ɽˮֳֹϺռܴĴӻԽԽõġŵ˵
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·򴽣ڵص꣬ɽԽ룬·;ңԶ⼸ɵģȷʵ޳˵ģֻҲܲء
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¬ۿʪ󣬵ϻǴЦء

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Ѧϴһ㶣ƽصģһ춼Ҫȥü飬µ
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ָû˵һϾƣŷ
·Ǻ£ǵ֧֡үүĿڵĵȴһһ˵úܼᶨ
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Сֵˣе·ߣųĬȥǼǣҲ˵͸ġ
ŴǣĬسһں̣³ðſڣ֪Ҷˣˣ᲻ðԼó
ũеŲţ⡣
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һʱ䣬Щ˵ıɶŴˣ˵ˣשڣСҲʹұ֤ˣԺֹǮ֮ԽԽ࣬ǵġ
֮ǰûͶǮ֪ЩͶǮķһʵˣڵóӶˣڴҶǮûлɣºü˼վǼǡ
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ӺŴһ£Ҳûǿôɢȥɻ
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һۣע⵽ˣԾķ·°ڣ°ԼĶסͷεЦЦ̫ˣⶼϰˡ
·С·˽ߵöѾû˵
뵽ÿ˻С˵ϣȷʵҲ÷Ѿ·ѾǮ˵ñθǲ֪˻ж˵ʲôء
ӾѾߵǰȥˣʹüۣӹķУĸͷĺǾһᣬͣʵ۲ۣȲȣ
ƽʱϿΣӾ͸ͷ˼٣ӳæͷżڳӰæ
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ͷѾɼȷʵһֱģܿȥҲá

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Ȼصͷθøǲͣµ棬Գžʹ̣Ͳһ£ͨ˲ʸ
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үһϲ񣬲ŵķʵģ
ǵȻˣҳ԰θ硣˵
ӵͷү˵СѧʦǳϽڣڴ˳̺̽ǣŮȥһѧڽǮѧӷѾͿԶˡ
үֱţǼӿ˲ҪؼʰȥҪǿ̫ˡ
ֻүŮڼңĸɸɾĴС·Щıӣһ˫۾ˮģҲˣŸκӣɵĺ塣
μֱڻˣϡĲУ͵͵˵ԺһҪŮ
ҲСɣɫҲࡣ
үΪ˸βﶼ˼ҲûʲôʰģҲǴ·
壬Ұְ𣿡ǰӰְڵʱңͷסӵȣʵ
üۣô֪ѽ
һ㲻ӲӵҾ֪ҰְȥԶĵط׬Ǯ»ˡ
ӵͷԱ߼öţҲ뱧һɰСŮЩƤСһȣ̫ϡˣ˼رӵĲǲ֡

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ʮ [V]
үȷʵûɶʰģ·һưһվ͸ˡ
ӰʱڳϢȹ쿴ûкʵĿס
үͱһˣûٴȴûôԣĴӣӣСѧ
ٺү֮Ӿ͸Ͻؼˡ
·ʱе㳤ˣЩˣ֭ͦõģӽ´˸Ž
ſС棬˳ͷóԡ
Ҳ룬ССڳԵĺͶ룬ӣ̾صǺ
ΪĶõѽû仰Ǻ£żҵĶѾҽҰ˵ʱ򣬿÷ȥժ÷أߵúܣҿҶ£Ҫˤɲˡ
÷Ҳȥժȥ˾ţͷ⣬һۣߺߵҺ˵˵Ѿء
ûݵǣ˵ǴﺢӵľСȥˤĸʺܵͣҪ˵ʲôأžͱˡ
ӦҰˡһ¾վˣҴȥţҰˣ˵ҪҰţϸ͵㣬첻˼ͰҰ˶ˣϾȷʵû˻
ʦţֲӣĶѾ
Ѿ϶һӡ˿ңۿͨ졣
ѾôˣһæѶѾŹϡ
Ѿ˸ӾˣͷҶӺһۣʲôҲû˵ԸĬĬ˳ȥ
Ѿôˣʦ˵˵ŶѾ֣üʵ
˭֪Ѿֱͨһ¸ˣֹסʦҡ
һæȥҪ
Ѿ𣬿˵ʦ飬ҲȥˣܲܰѧȸţңҪҵѧѡ
ԭѾÿȥ÷Ϊժ÷ȻȥǮѧѡ
ԴΨһԼĸȥˣ̾Ͳ飬ؼҰŸͼ׬
룬飬˵ģҪһֱ飬ҪһӴҪʦһѧ
ûѧѣԼ׬ʱȥʱҰˣкõʱ򣬱ɽҰȥҰûбȥϼùıӣ˺ûдճһ
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һ̣ؾñΪŮӸеͬʱָжڶѾϵļͣѶѾƽ룬ʵʦ˵˵.Ϊʲôô飿
ҲҪҲҪʦһѧҪ뿪طѾҧ˵
ãߣҴȥУͷѶѾ
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ۿˣӷʵ
ҡͷӴţ￴һۣŮ⣬ȥɡӺٶ𾴣ʵ̫ʵڲֵñ𾴡
淿Ҳſȷʵˣ᲻˿ˣƣɵʵ㿴ǸѾͷһ쵽ܣʡġ
üĮû
Ȼлǻɣֲҵӣֻת뿪
Ҽǵȫ˵ҪԼĺгϢ߳ӣ֪Ȫ֪᲻ġͻȻ˵
ȫשͻĹˣȥ棬֪ԼǲָˣһֱϣԼĺһҲܳȥ˵ԲöѾîסĶ顣
ӽŲһ٣ûлͷܿʹ󲽵뿪ˡ

·£ѾҲʵˡ
·ڹ滮ڣܱٷ֮ʮķöѾŬȡˡ
·ʩҲֻԼңɫˣȻȷ죬绰֪ͨˡ
û뵽£ûʣµǮÿÿƽ֜Ǯ
һ˵һ˳Ұ˵㣬˵ٴաŴֽһǮŵ
Ǯζӳ£ڵˣ壬Ǯ˵ʣµǮ
ˣֲһ˵·һ˳ʩӵʲôʱ壿ŴڰǮţѯʵ
ܵҴҦԽȥǡӻش
ĺѾˣ˸ӣרŰ˾ϯӵʱûܻи˺ЩƷȥ˺ӣҦԽ˵ݹ棬ξǸ̷ۣ˳·һȥˡ
ˣǿɶʱͻȻʵ
ǿѧУٷŵڻû
ᵽĶӣŴϵЦԽ˵绰˵ǽϾܵҡ
ҲЦˣ˵ǿˣҸպþͰһӻ
ڶ죬ӴҦԽŴˡ
ʩһ߸ˣҲ滮·ߣƶ·ߵ˺Ҳ֪ô·ˣСɿһ㶼ǵĸطĸطУǮԸ˲١
ǿҲˣ׶ϴѧ˱˲٣Ÿɾİ׳Ÿ˶һˣŹֿġ
θ.ҿڻˡǿһ̣˲ͱˣϴźЦ
ȥ׶һžǲһ˰ž֪ʶˡЦŴȤ
ǿ˼ͷ˵ҿǶ
ӵͷǿֺӸ̾θ磬ǲ֪ѧ˿ˡ
ǰиŮ춼ҳ緹ʱ˵ҵĿܺóԣҪҽ緹ͷʲôòóԵģһζ𣿡
У˵ʲôԼûȥ֪ʲôأȥһ£ܸܲ￴ֱȥΧĴﲻͺˣһ𳵣鲻鷳Ҿ;ܾˡ
Ӳͷǿ˵˼ҵ֮ģɵ̾Щ˵עģЩ˵ĵԼġ
θ磬˵ΪʲôأҲûѽһ˺ܺõǿɻΪʲôܾλŮͬѧ֮󣬱λŮͬѧݺݵĲһš
ӱЦشҲ֪
ǿԴ˼⣬һȥˣЦСֵܣΪɶΪ˼ϲ£
ǿ۾ɵһӾͺˣֵûûУϹ˵˼ŮҪɲϹ˵
ŤŤӣϵĹǺôЦ

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ʮ [V]
·ܿͿʼˣЩ׳궼ȥСȥˣһ칤ʲܸͣѧ㶫
˶ȥûþͺʹǴһƬȣɻ
ӾʹŴ︾Ůͷ̶ʲôģɻȶȵǲȻ졣
ү˴һûסӣＸСæʰһ£סŵҲڷꡣ
Ҳ汾£Ϥˣѳװףдһëһֶ
ʹôʶĶ࣬ע⵽Ķ࣬Ӹø滯ˣүļ룬Ҳû¾ȥСѧΡ
СѧѾǿѧˣԭֻбҵǰѧģɺǶŻ˼ңɰЩèŪһݻؼңǵģרУ⣬ôһѧ
Уͼʦ£һѧֻϰΣϰΣͼͥѵĺӻûؼҰżɻ
СѧѧˣүƽʱϹʱͰŮ͵Сѧȥ鷳ڵӰæÿ¸Ǯ
֪ҲǸĳѹǮ˵˳£ӣҲϡôɵĹŮԸôڼһдҵ棬ү¹˾ͳɡ
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ûã쿪ѧˣӺҲû·£Ŵǿأȵ޺õʱӻ˾ͳɡ
ʦټѾϰÿε뿪޲ֵԷ𣬺֤ԼԹԵĵ´λ
ʱãСѧһµĿΣǳ衢衢Ϸ˲٣Щ΢СģѾˡ
Ѿһ꣬һҪ֪𣿡Ѿͷ
֮ǰŶѾȥУϾڴʱտŶѾУݣܵô˾ء
ѾͰԼܵǮУѧѣ˵Ժ׬ǮҲУŵѧѡ
УͷúŬʱȥѾҷãҲûз顣
Ѿݺݵصͷ֤ʦһúŬġ
οЦЦ˵ټӳ塣
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ߵһ룬ͷűڵĿӿݵС·ٿֵغǣһ¶һЦתˡ
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죬һ²ҿˡƽظһܱ
Ҳ㡣ǣر
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˭֪ءƽʼ磬Ʋ졣סһᣬƽʱûٸ¡
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һӽɫҺͬѧһһʶġǺʲôһŷŲ
ͻƽ˸
ˣλͬѧûμϲ磬ǳϲǡ¹Цǰ¶̩Ȼ
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ˣ죬飬֪һ񶼸ǮǼҶ٣ĴҶ˵̫ˣ˵Ȣϱ͵ô࣬Ҿ㡣һۣ۵Цˡ
ٿټĴȷʵһ˼Ȣϱ˲٣˵ȫ⡣
۾ҲԺֵԼ˲ģ
ϵͲãͲϻˣ˵£Ը⣬ûҪͱ˵Ҫǹϵ׽˽ʵҲˣʵ˲õ𰸡
Ҳ֪쵭˵Ҳȷʵ֪ģӺ˵ͨţҲںֻ֪ӶԴ˾ľŮĶࡣ
ô᲻֪أ죬ﶼ˷ˣʲô֪ƺٰɣ˼˵ڡ

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ѧĹԹҪ˰ɼ( _)
Ϣ
ǶСһQAQ
ʮ [V]
֪Ͳ֪ϿˣˡʵûŻƽˡ
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ǰı˸һ֪ǰ֪࣬·ŵ޸ڵɷ
߿˴ѧ޵ɷڴ￪˸ʲôӣ֮˽ıȻƽҲɷѿˡ
溬Ц˼ҲԸ˵ˣͥͬǲܱȵģֻΧڸõġ
˵⻰ͬʱ滹ĵͷִ·ߵ֪
òˣ˹Ĳ˵ִ󷽣׷ʱѩ˪ޣģĲҲǼͷһݣıÿɶû漫ˡ
ƳıӰ鲻һȷԼòԶˣŴᣬȴȻζ
ҪǿŮ˼ͥѧУмȨټֺߵѣܴϻҲôѪһҲһ㣬ʵЩθڡ
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γٵʱӾͻؼҳԷ
ҪεĻͻͷȻǿѧһ죬ΣĿν׼ʱŲͺˡ
ѧУ֪ѧУиŮãϹͷӶҲݸ̵ģϵѧУ硣
쿴Ϻ˰ϺӴ򿪷УһǰϺһ峴ʱ߻а׷
߲Ҳ٣ˮϡҲãˣͰеϺ
ô࣬һԡϲЩ۾ˣݿӸӣҪһԡ
ӽӹӼϺȴûԣǿʼϺżԼҲһ
õϺ֭ˮմմζֱһһҸ鶼ˣںӷϿεȤ¡
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Ͱˣ̲Ӧһš
ӵİϺûһ
ȥҼ죬ǼҲԵϺȷʵܺóԣ԰ɡͷȷϡֻмֻҵ˳ˣٿǰһУ˰ϺƤﲻʹ졣
濴Ӵݲȵģ֪ΪʲôЩӣЩѿƤⲻЦЦͷʺˡ
ɧ㣿Ӷʹ˸˸͡죺ƤɺˣĻ˵´ζ̩Ȼĳ֣춼ˡ
ӵͷ˽⡣˹ĳֽ̧֣ͷ棬ϴЦʵλֹܣ֪û
û뵽ͻȻǻһ㶣۾ڵ۾һۣͷٸ֤
ȻĵͷЦ˵ô죬ǱҺ˵ö࣬ҺҪʱļ˾Ͳͬ⣬Ҳ⣬ҾһͨĴﺺӣǳ֪࣬ƤѽͰԼȫҵٿǮټϸֱг֮ĹҵƱ͵͵ĸ裬ŵһӻãǿͬ޸ҡ
˵꣬˶һۣ۵Цˡ
ֺĸҲѧأÿλȥöϲ⣬ͺñû¾ϲ̣һȥôҲỤ̄ʵ磬ǲԴ˼ŮҪġϸǲҺãôȥǳ׷İ콻ˡӸ6̾
е㲻Ȼ϶Щר˵ġ
ҲеѿţĶЩ򵥵ĸ㣬ȷʵЩ
ֵܣҺ˵Ҫǰ趼ڵĻҲЭðϱĹϵȻϱӿɾѹҼҸĸȥ磬û⣬ҼϲҪǰڿ϶ҲġһġĽ̻塣
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뵽⣬شһ棬
Ҳе㲻裬˵ʲôЩӦŮ˸ɣһˣȢϱˣЪЪƫƫⶼɲá
ӿǵı飬ʲô׵ģˣһЦţֵ»ӦòЩ⣬ӹ۰ɣ
˵ıҲ֪ⰡŴסԼǲҪӡ
޹ĿһۣѰõϺŵķ
ԭȻŲദ˵㣬ԼǾľ˵ģͿԼлڲϸԼ
ԭҫһ֪Ȳϣ˼Ҵʹˣ˵ʲô˦־ˣеκͲӺ죬ȥ׷ȥˡ
զôᣬϱ۸ӺɸֵĵһԹϱ
һۣ˵ҲûСʵƤ̫ĻҲ˵
һλµĳ˵ЩĪĻʹģе˷⣬ûʵ˺Ҳô
ҲûǰĴѧƽˣʼͰ
ֻǺ˵ѧؼҴֺһѧѧߵеͦŴΣ治֮
ٺ˵ʵûôǮϻǮǽĸڱ׷ŻծѧҲûˣѧУѧǳˡ
ˮ·޺ˣƽֿ󣬿ɰΧӵĽˣӻȥʩӳ˷ȥսβǡ
·ˣ򳤡ǻص˿ͨͳڿֱͳӴӵϻس
سǡϵ쵼ιۡ졣
κٻȥʱӿܵȫĻӭ
·޺úשҲƳµĲƷǾˮ࣬õĲУҪ˿˱ֽӴԶ
ӵĳҲԽԽÿ춫һһͣΧĴҲմ⣬û취˶ǴӴѡģԭҲôӴչ
ɰŴ˻ˣĴӿĽˣ޲ðŴˣԲ˭֪Ǵӵĺã
ˡԭϡǸҪǮڴÿÿҪôϰ࣬ҪôǳԼũƷ˲ֹһǰ㡣
ڴＸõ˼Ҷһһ̨ʵ磬м˼Ѿӣ޵С¥شžá

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һʱ䶼æһᾡոġ
̫(BB)
ϣҹ˳ĵģѧϰġ
ʮ [V]
ٵʱûлش꣬ȥռҹꡣ
ռѾ·ڰ̯ˣ˼С濪˸̣ר㣬հҲǰˣÿ;Ӫ̣
մأȥ˵ѧͽúѧϰգʱҹӡ
մɩڼæ󱦣ԸеټۼuлôдĿ˶ˣ˵Ҳ࣬Ҳ˲١
ٻȥӾͰԭˣһС¥ɳҵ꣬ŪĺͳķһܰʣԺֵĲǻˣ˼ּ򵥵ʱߡ
ͥ˹ȻǸ˲ţԽԽ˹˾Ӻɴ˺ͬüɣֺ죬ӦĵǺʹ졣
ǿǱϵҲûϹ˲ѷװˣ֪֪˼ȥŪӵȻ֧֣ʮ֡ͶǮ˹ɡ
κɲǿˣһ˰ᵽԼŪ˸װ꣬·Լͼģ
ʱţܾãĴѧˡ
ȷУ𣿡Ͻڻһ˿ϣٴѯʵ
Ϊɼ죬ټһֱʦУʦǶϲǸӣУ̡
Ǳĺ£ȴξܾˣ˵ѾҵʵĹˡ
ĴѧǾֹһ㣬һȹͷ𣬻üᣬݾ£ΨһþʸӴݡ
ллʦѾˡüۣЦϽڡ
Ͻ̾ɫᶨҲٶ˵ֻǰڰֵˣҪԸʱ
ͷмлʦ
Ͻڰڰ֣ԸԴѧЩᣬοף
ʦѳУţѾˡ
һޱأɫȤ
ҡҡͷȻܲᣬ޲ɢϯܹҪģҶиҪҪ
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ⰲһÿͺѧ·޺Ҳ죬ҪҲܸ
ﺺ˵׶࣬һģԸѹŮ޹
ʦڻˡѾбҵˣͤͤҲñ˽ѾҪãá
һˣڶˣ˾ĸ첲֡
ãżˣ쿴Ҳܸˡ
̾ʦˣϳˣѧУܵϣǻؼҴ죬Ϳѧء
ԴӿϵĳУżҶһҲͣҲôʱֵ˵Ǯѧѻճ
ҲЩȥ϶飬ʶĶˣԸҲ˺ܶ࣬Աηηˡ
ҪһȥСѧӿֲ˵ЦεҡҡͷˣոսԺתأ˵Ҫ飬СˣҲˡ
ˣһ˴Ҳû˼ȥ˳
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Ѿ˴ѧ͵ٺȥˣǰʱ˼ǽ˻顣
ӿһۣʵôˣˣǲǸս𣿡
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³Ȧ̾θ磬˵˵սŶã챧鿴Ͳ˯ˣϾССıԹһ£˵Һãץͣͷ˵Һˣһû
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θ磬˵Ҫ㣬զ죿ʵ
üɫ⣬װģңɩӴܹԣϴ顣
ĽĿһۣٴ̾
֪ոաºڡϻȥͷ˳
죬˯ˡε˵
ÿСѧ󣬾һֱǰ֪дʲô
˯ɣϾŪˡǴһãҳд˵Ļһá
뵽ԸεͬĬĬջߵǰ鿪ǰ飬ֻ§ϣͳںҹԵøǽˣҶûˣ
ϷˣѾѺˣɲ֪ģܵȵĺӽߵӣŴԵ컹ˣȻ㡢˵ʲôأ
ӴյԽԽ΢΢ˣӱأ˫ֳں棬ͷ΢΢ţվǰ΢΢Ŀԡ
˯˯Ļû˵꣬ͱ͵ضסˣһֳӣһ̧ĺס
Ͽڴϣۻ˯С˵죬ͷţԺúûشһ¸εˡ

л˵:
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شЪͿʼСѧ顣
Ϊʦ٣࣬굽һ꼶ŵʮһһ꼶ʮһ꼶ȻҲǿӲԹ涨ҪǿǵĽ֪ʶ
ſϵĺԽԽ࣬ôҿϣСѧѧԽԽ࣬ĸϽʦЩԲպûһѹ
ٵʱżҲϿΣС꼶λȻҲǽ࣬ϤҲİġ
ѧǹɵţһͷ죬رɰ
̲סݸһЦ
ͬѧǺãҼףԻǽһԼСͬѧǶ֪˭գ죬˭֪ôд𣿡ЦʼΡ
жʮѧɵİַϣС죬Դ˵ʱͷʱҡͷ
СЩסտʼúţЩŤŤڵϴסˡ
쾡ͨȤĹǣǺúΣܹϣȫעţмС
ʦ¿κ󣬺һɢҪȥ棬ŸСк֡
ʣԥһ£µߵǰ
Դʵʲôѽ
ûӦǸѧûá
йʣʣ³֡
һҭȡѧãأ
ʣҡҡͷ֪
ҲûᣬʵɲԸʦϿʲôѽʦһֱ⿴ʲô𣿡
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ʧЦԴȷѧؼȻ֪ˣϿҪú֪𣿸ո𣿡
ʣŵĵͷʦİɣˣؼҾͽ̰㡣˵ŻСظСƵġ
ͽ˵ˣԺؼͽŪóԵġ
һ㶣ˣ
ȰꡣʣʦΪʲôҪԴָͷ
ʣ꣬Ҳʮң򴽣˵ʲôˣֻùʣȥá
ǱߣԼĳŵҪŴֳֹ
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ŴҲ⣬ֻҪܰѴԽԽã峤˶ɡ
Сӣܳ𣿡
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ڵζ͸Ըãķ㣬õӳĸãأԳԵˮΪʳһáӽ͵
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һѣһճɣУ֡˸ű̬
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ܿ죬ҾȻĸڵӸպ÷࣬ĺʱ
ǿһִں㣬Ӿʹһȥ硣
ܿͱŽ˸ҵĵʣʲôʩʣտԼҵˡ
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ǸӴȥˣǿȥʲôأ
ҵѧУûҹӾ飬ڴ϶ϴͬ꿼ϴѧģѧУʦˡ
Ҿڴңڵڹؼʱأҵúúÿ飬ܳ©ǿż
ɶڴȥѧΪشũģ㻹粻أҲˣյŭǿ
ҪڴθһŴ¸ǿ۾ģѧУʵʦģȴ֪ΪʲôЩԥ
شŴ㣬ϲĸоԽԽãгɾ͸УѧУڿˡ
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⣬үѾ̸ˣǿڴﵱ٣˵ʵ˽ʵҲöô࣬ɸĻԺο

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ӣŮҲܶ죬Ůһ㲻ккܶ飬Ůզܶ췴ʵ
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ӣ˺ͶҲǣ㿴ңҲҲ𣿡Ȱ
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Ѿͷȥɡʣһֱڳẓ́Ĭû˵˿̷ˡ
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Ůѧ˼٣Уûйעʹ˴űҵ໹ʱҪȥϿᣬټЩ˵ʱӦģַڲɣö֮Ҳֻź̾
ȴ˿ξһһҵȰЩΪʵڲôˣͰæѧѣû׬ǮõԼѧУзĲ൫һֱҲ١
ЩΪŮӶûã綼Ҫ˵ģѶԸ︾ɶ˵ĳڡ
ѾͷƬһһʮǮȥѧǮ˭ңӷ˸ۡ
һͱӲǱӣ۾۾ǰˮǶϱΨΨŵŵ˽ġ
򴽣һתͷԱվŵŮʵɻѧ
ɻǸܸɵŮʮ꣬ĻһץˣɵЬһõǮ
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ŮǮ綼Ǳ˼ҵģڼһϽ̵ǮȻô˰ȥʲô飿׬ǮǮ
ɫЩףҲ˵ʲôһվӵ˱ߡ
ʦѧȥ춼ԶˣɻͻȻſź
ѾͷȥʲôȥǳԱ˳ŵģҲԼûӳץźɻȥ컹ûüӦɻŵֱһһ˽ȥ
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첻֪ôԭأȫ˫۾ֱűݺݵĹϷ죬͵ؾѣ㱵ߡ
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֪Ըϱ°඼ڸҸŴأȥأͼʧǵĻ
ӡ챻ڵã̧ͷӣſǻһ䣬һˡ
Ӷȥǰһֻ֣һֻȥĨᣬˣڣˣٿ޾ͲÿŶ
ûΪʲôޣǺֹסᣬ˳극ʼûһ䡣
һ϶ܳĬֱڴҪ˯˲ſڣ˵˽췢¡
ҿˣɻҵļͥﻹ̨ʵ磬͵ܵܶò·ϴķˡ

ţﶼᣬܾ
ңҲ֪ô졣
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һСĳȻ֪ŮӸö飬ҲŶʮճͷҴСûֱӱûʶͥһŮ˵鵽Ϊʲô
ɽɻһˣȺŮӶ飬Ϊ˶ʶ֣ΪѧΪ٣ΪӦá
Ϊ˸ı䣬ıԼˣıԼ߳ط߳ΧȦΨһ취
ӽ§ڻıҵӺ˽ΪȺѪԵĺ룬Һ
죬ǵĿ;ܶ࣬һ·߲ͨǼһ·ѽ
Դˣ˵ǲõġ
ҽ㣬ȥ˵

ſӻ˵۾ԽԽ

л˵:
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עעⰲȫ
ϣҶƽƽģ

ڰʮ [V]
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Цŵݸӣ˵ţοɲȰģӵģ˵һⲻֽֽ̡
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ȻҲٹ죬żҪȥţﻹֹͣҪžˣԺų
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Цǰһеɻĸ첲˵ӣҾôˣ̫ˣθڲãҾݵŷԡ𣿡
һپͳ뷹ӣ
ɻ˿æȻԣȺ˵˵զȥԡ
ллӡЦ𡣣
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ҶϴɾһҪһ죬ɡ
һˮ󣬲̫΢΢ɫͳɡ
ӣһҪˢɾҲճһ͡
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ģͺɻӹϵԽԽˣҲʼͺɻЩġ
иŮͬѧǰ˵ýżҸٿĲ񣬻Ĵǰͬѧӭ˼šĵ˵ԡ
ôࣿɻһⱲӾûôǮ
ѽ⻹ʲôأ˵ýʱǱһŮѧˣһиͬѧ޸˸˼ң촩£Сγء˵۾Ծĳ۾ڲԶȵӣûף֪òʹ
Ůѧȷʵ硣ɻĽ˵
оڵʵ͵͵עأҲһһû¶ʲôɶ䶼ˣйע⣬Լ©һ䡣
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ŤͷƳһۣ黨裬ŵСȹСϵŮ͵Цǿļ򣺡԰Сӡ
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θ磬˵ʲôأɩӵʲôʱǿʱɹڵٽŵöһˣͷðźҲ֪ȵĻǼá
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ĿǿһۣǿεЦЦİ͵ɩɩӣܲסѽȰͨߡ
Ҫ֪ҪȲɡ
ͷЦݣСˣһ˫۾һӾˡ
ãҽгء
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Ů˫һգһЦ

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ʱеæʱ価

ڰʮһ [V]
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գգ۾װѯţôˣ
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ͷ¶Ц˵ţѺɻгҴȥϤϤαȥϿΡ
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ӻôã͸ǿƨɺתǿµҲҪ£ǿã￲߿ţʱʱҪ
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Цһ£ҪˣֻĵͷҪȥҲУɵʵһڿŶ
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㲥˵˴绰ԼӻЩƣҲû룬Ϊ붩ʲôȥ˹㲥ҽӵ绰
˵绰ԽԽɫԽͳ֪ˣҾȥŻȥӳһԲ߳㲥ҡ
ܿʰ˵㶫˵Ҫȥһˣ뿪˴壬˻𳵡

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ϵСѧʦԴСѧʦ֪ȻһԽУÿȥᣬž
ѾͷϿᣬȥɣ⼸ϹͷӹǲпУ˵
ÿ궼ÿУټһ𣬿ᡣ
εУǰ컹˰ֻռءôӹǾͲˣ
ԴһĴȤУҲþȣݵЦţ˵Ҫȥι۱СѧҪü˳ڣȥɡ
УӹȷʵЩСëΣֻܵͷͬ
˻ᣬʰؼҡӳˣûȥ
ˣصңѾˣڵϣʱϲ˵
Ӽˣæƽʱô飬Ѭ졣
췢ɫԣּ̣ɫأʵôˣ
ӳĬ˺ܾãɳ죬ȥ¬ϰɡ
쿴ϵĺڰٿӣ򴽹˺þòŵͷ
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û˵ӿ˿¬ϣ⼸¬ĲÿϿΣддֺ֣ǺǵģȻ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬״̬ء
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Ľ
ڰʮ [V]
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¬˸ƣʾ˵ˣ˫̧˼εڲŽӹϸ˺ڲϻӣ¶ȿ޻ѿЦҶ֪Ҷ֪
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ǻȥɣȥ˯ᡣ¬ĨĨᣬСķŽؿڴ˷·ʮ꣬ϡ
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ഺõ꣬ηȴ޷˵ѡ˲ս
ǽԭǰд飬ҲȫǴηȫ׼İ֮顣
ΨһĿˣԼչ˺ĸԼ·ɡ
Լأźļ䣬֪ܶ飬ӵϵͳָ̫ˣԼȴֻԴıԼʡ
һϣһû˯̫̫ණ
¬Ҳû˯ŵƣǰǰһѷƵƬǸѧҵ¬ɣݺᣬš
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¬Լ̵ֿģ򵥼ȴ̡
¬ϵѧַ¬ϣܲסЩӻСҲʲô¬ϵĴȣֻĨᣬ˵ԺҲ¬ʦӣ¬ֻ¶һĨЦЩСѧԴ
¬ϾͺʲôҲûһЪ¿ʼȥѧУϿΣʱѧ˵Цֻ̬ͣࡣ

ôˣӺǿվ￲ĵѯʵ
ʱ䣬Ӳϸǿ͹ũҵ鼮ǿʳͲڵˡ
ӵĻֱͷ㳤ķʣҲٹʱͿԸˡ
ӵͷԶԶȥһƬȣžϲˣҲ̲ס¶һЦøСȥֱܴʡ¡
С⻹е츳⼸ĥǳ׿ԶһˣѳӴ
Ҫˣ˵Ӱࡣǿ̿·Ѿץģˡ
ҲˣЦ˵Ҹǹʡ
⹤ȻûǵģĸһΪ£Ҫ£һﶼָ⵾أ˵ӦøɵģʲôǮ
ڶͰ˸ȥˣȥúôŸСͱˡ
ŽŵĴţᣬȥ᳧ӵ˵ʱ˳ʹ£õֱӶˣ
̾ɴƨȥԸڶѧϱȥˡ

λʦʲôҲнʦһ˽Сѧ
ѧҪľǻιѧϰĻУûġ
СѧϵģһСѧڵĽСѧ͸ڵˮСѧԼӵģǼһġ
ι۵һ𽨵ĺ컨СѧСѧҲֻʦûϴѧҲûؼҵ֪ࡣ
ӲԣƴƼݵɫܿСѧҲЩƾɵӣΰҲҡҡ׹ʦڽΣѧҲ࣬ӼҲͶʮʮ
ǺŬϵĸϽʦִӴڿһۣοĵͷΪʦϲŬĺӡ
СȻƾɣɫҲƵ棬ʦһһѧš
̧ͷ˿Ļ꣬ݶʪģˮٿһĺǣﲻζ
СôȥϽʦָſڴڵСŮ
ŶǴǻ˼ҵģûѧѣûѧżнʦ͵ȻСŮ֣ȥ
ŮҲˣôˣŻŵˡ
⺢ϲѧզѧأϽʦɻʵ
ˣﲻ¡ʦ̾Ҳû취
򴽿ŮұܵıӰٿ޼ļŮ̾

˵Ǵ巢ʳİ취ˢһվúܣǸˣǸùҲԸΪ£ҲйҰģȻľһֱλڴˡ
⼸꣬ӺμҴĴͷӾ÷չĲĹҲ٣ٲһһˣ˯˾ͷﲻ
ҲͬӵͷЦⲻ¿ʼԵ㣬ܵһﶼڵﵹڣ룬Ū˵㶫

л˵:
һˣ
æݼ˵˽죡
ҮҮһ죡
ڰʮ [V]
ˣ򳤴ʱﻹƽʱģͷһϲɫææ׷ʵ
ӶϵĲ裬һڣЦŵ򳤺ʲôʱпգȥ
˶һۣھ˰ţȥǴ忴㿴ôڣǡ
ǵͷǴ£鲻á
ҪþĿĴﵽˣЦЦ漴˵ľ͸ǻȥˡ
Сӣǳ֮ﰡˣ򳤱֣̾
ǺӺü꽻飬ϵ׽û˵ϴЦҲͬ˵Ļ

Сӣץȿץȿ
˵Сӣаƽʱûôᵹһˡ
壬ҲǮأܲ
ſȣŶңȣء
ᵾˣҲˣӵĸӣ㣬￲ֵúܡ
ĴӣǿҲµˣСһæʱʱֱߺк䡣
һӰѾรһŬม
Ļร͹ŶǮȢϱม
һһ䣬ɵȻ죬˵˵ЦЦż͵ĺӣһũæҳž˸ˡ
⣬ʲô㣿ڣһСͣ£ŴͷװҸ¼źĹİ
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ԭЦһ㣬˵ǵÿ˵
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֪ͻȻͱɳ̸⣬ƫƧĵطһ±ѿúܡ
ɽ棬ʲôûŸտԼƤЬմ࣬ˡ
Ÿ硣Ա߸ŵʾ˵ˣʹɫûԱɫÿ
Ÿղм
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ңô࣬ˡ￲մˮܸɾȥŸһĵ
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ӵͷʾԼ֪ˡŪԺĵء
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ؼһ˯һ죨ɣ
ڰʮ [V]
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˿ǰͨ˽һĴֹסϲҲӶӹϡòС
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ԴˣֱӰǿ˳ȥǿоġ
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Բɷãװĺ޹ֱ˵˴ѧǿڵ飬ŵóĽ
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һרҲˣǿưҲѧٶ

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ڰʮ [V]
ȥСѧιѧϰ󣬾ͻشУԼʦ
ҪΧǴӡ
СѧʦϵСѧҲȫġ
λϽʦϽڣ¼ʦҲƴѧҵġ
˵ȴеСѧʦǿ
ϵСѧҲʤѧĸСѧѧСѧҵֱѧѧʱȴߡ
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Դˣã˸취
ڴ˸ᡣ
ֻҪȱѧѿ裬ϢֻҪܶѧܽ衣
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Ѽǡ
ڰʮ [V]
ֽһЩװͼֽܼԣֻڵȽһ㡣
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һӹʳƷϵͳġ
Ϊǵù˶ã/Ҿͻ/ڹæУһս
ȻʤˣҲ˺ܶˣ˵Ѫ̳ʤ
̫̫࣬ɵˣһ£Ҳ
ǣ¬޽··֮
һ̸ܵΪ˹ңҵĸһʿ԰ͼƬһݡ
ʵʵģǰеġ
ԭӴʲôʱ򳤻Ǻƹⷢ
ǵȵ´쵼֡
ʵڲУֱӵһЩԱȥ
ûء
û뵽ɾˣǵԼ˵ĸĳ˵Ķڲ/˵˴ˣټʣŶӡ
صһǴӲ/ӳġ
еˣ϶Ҫ˳Ķࡣ
Ҳ飬ڻδеͨһ˸ʲôһ֪ˡ
ȷʵѧֻҪ˵˭֪ʵѧѧ
ӲãعûӢˣ޶֤ˣǣȫ²顣
ӰѶȥһɡ
꺱˳ѩ
糿һѩ˺һ㡣
ѩ׷꣬ﶼͦ˵
СǸ˷ܣһܣҪѩ˴ѩ̡
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ˣרŪ޷ϲ˵ϻΧŷ۷۵ΧϻףͽСԶԶȥһǿŷ
˿̣ΪѵõĴѩС˷ܣ۾˵
ӿСģϡĲУҲЦһԺԱߡ
˵һһҡȻҡϽܣ֪𣿡
Сʱôɣܺ档
ͻͯģȻܾܾĵͷ
һ
ħצ
ϧû
ӡ챻ѩ˸棬ˡ
̫ˣû뵽ᱻѡ
Ӧ֮ĲУڵѩ׷Ӵ
ЦԺѩ̣Ŷѩ̣ѩӡ
Ϊû˵һҡһҡһˣѩ˺޷һ
ĨϵѩľվڲԶܱǸҪǰѩŶЦ˫ǵĻ
Ҳ͵ŭ𣬾ѩ׷һ·׷ɱ
һֻ֣ܱͷ
죬ҽҲǹģʵ
Ҳӣ󻵵
죬㣬Ȼˤˡ
ѩϮ
ӱ찴ڵϣıСӲů˸֡
ֹ֮󣬡ñ첻ǰԺѩˡ
֮Ǻܻ֣һ磬ϵЦûͣ
ƽʱҲæи£þһ֣ܿġ
ߣԺѩĲֺǱ˵Žˡ
Сᣬ㲻ݼȥˣզֻˣҶ˵ˣȺˣզģʮѾͷȾ׷ͷûĵһۡ
׳ʣҲ£ֺǺǵҿ϶֪ȺСӶˣҿɲǣǣͲҸϽݼء
뵽ġħղЦˡ
׳֪ʵԭ쵽ˡ˵ǳ¹ʣɲҲþĵս
׳ԽԽأֱ˺棬ɻ˷ܣ̶ʱھαȴݡ
ͼֽأ׳৵һվˣȲʵ
СĴӻͳֽţֽúܺã߶ûһ㡣
ȻЩ׳ⱲӾǴսĥģͼûû⣬һͼֽ֪ⶫá
ͼֽˣ׳е㲻ѯʵ
šɵͷҲźǶ಻ɵõ˲Ű
׳Сͼֽ̾Ҫ˻ڶá
һ˲ţⶫҲ°빦
תһ룬ҵͼֽѾܺˣûоʹʧ־ͻˡ
ϸ׳ǻ㱨׳
ɵͷ֪μֵӺˣ뵽ڼҵŵź̾뵽µҪԣ¼
˲֪ȴ֪ھƵĽԵġ
Ϊ˹Ҵ£ʲôһš
ˣһȥ㳵˭ùץ//飬Ϣ׳
һų˽ҳȻܱ˶ֽţδ̫ˣøϽˡ
ɵͷʵѾʼй۲ˣͿ˭ֽš
λԭ˭Ҳû͸¶ֻ˵Ҫݼ١

Щĳˣ飬ϽǮһ˫ۣȧǣ̱˵Ҳûأץ֣
ʹ˦ϵ֣һžˣҲúܺãһüѯʵ˼Ҳʶ㡣
ϲЦۣ񣺡ľѫǸСģǴϿεǸҾ˵ô첻żңɻǱǺʲô飬ޣһСҲ飬ǸϽǮҡ
˵⼸Сôܣÿζ˲Żݶ죬Ҳûã͵ųȥ
͵͵˳֪ڴѧˡ
ôңǮ
һʱŭСһ͵˼Ǯǵҵĸġ
ΣǻǮˡô⣿
֪ڴͼʦĸˣ˵ǴĽڣ˺أǲ
죬ѧѻˡ
˵ֱ׵㣬Ǽ
ľѫһӾ֪˵˭ˣǵһǮСкϣܶºܴ
ѧϰܿ̿࣬ݵʱڽѧϰ
綼ԵĹȥ̿Ҫ̿࣬ӾͲˡ
Ȼѧ⺢ӿȴһֱǵһ
ϲӡ
˵һĺӣҲɫ򴽵
ޣ˭һһ̯ˮᷳ
ʲôʸ˵⻰췴ʵ
֪ľѫļĸ
ҵģҵģôûʸ˵ˣϽǮңȻҾȥǴ峤ȥ
ľѫǽǮҪҪ侲Դˣܽ˵
ˣǮ˭ǮСϣӻˣ
ƭҰɣϲţɵĿ죬ѯʵ
úϻһĻѹݰѡ֤ݡóŸϿ
֣ȥּۿȻˣ˵ǾͽѧѰɡ
˵̯ҪǮ
ͿˣŰСʲô£
˵˼Ҽ£ܲš
ˣȻܸɫ
ϼ˵ѣɫҲѿû뵽ǮûҪϣҪ˶ˣϡ
ޣֲģƾɶҪﻹֻû˵ˡ
ˣһ漴üץۣеѪˣɼֵʹ˶
һ磬ȥϵķֳȥˣӸϻż
ǰ߲˶ϴкˣֱ¹󣬽Լʱ䣬֪һžͻȻץס
ͱƽЩֵһЩʱ䣬˲࣬˦˦첲ʹʹҴѧУȥ

л˵:
ҿС˵˸¡
ڱдС˵ôôÿ¡
ϰͨҲҪС˵¡
С˵ÿд¡
ԲҴˣ
˯ãѺÿС˵ȿ
ڰʮ [V]
ľѫûϿΡ
򴽿һǸһϵλá
˵Ǹչ겻ãϿΣǸõСΣԸμӡ
ľѫѧǲϷŹκһÿεġ
ټϽ⣬룬춼֪ô¡
óȥһľҡ
뿪ʱ뵽
һҪȥѧءӰ·ȻȻĽӹ飬Ц
쿴üȻ˼ֳ֣û°ɣ
֮ȥֳҲΪбʴ󶩵ֳò⣬ȥ˿ûʲô⣬ǩ˺ͬͻˡ
Щ£ӴӲ죬˸콲Ҳϵһ
첻ϵƣ
˱߱˵ܰг
˵ӽ鼸ˣզôᡣ
ɲ޶ûһ黹áҼǿӣڶͱ˸ˣǻиսۣ
˵ӶôǮˣҲûҸСģ
Сǲ֪ϴиϵŮ˲ӶŵˣأŵֱԶ㣬Ҫϱ֪ˣɾ͵ñزˣܵı˭졣
˭֪СӳϱƵʦǸСûҶ˵涼˸׼ĸ죬μˣҶ˵Ǿµ죬ǲܳԵ֡
ô꣬˼Ҿû˼ҸأҿЩӻٴȥӡ˵Ĵ裬ָ۶ɵȥˡ
ԽԽǮҲϱãĶ˲١
ҽô꣬һ㶯ûУ˵ûë˭Ҳţ治˵˽¶˵ëˡ
һЩ˼ģ̴úܣ˵飬˵Ҫ˭ܸӡ
˽ӣΨһĺӣôĳӻֵ
ĿģȥŮ˲٣ÿζܾ˵ò綼ϣ˵ɶչˡ
˵ǣҵûȥˡ
ҵûȥϴ·ˡ
ҵȥϱ°ˡ
˵ʹˣ׷׷ϡ
ĴҲ֪ӲͷÿУٲҲͰ˼ˡ
㣬ҰȻȵ㣬ůůӡһ߷Ŷһ˵
ԴӴ㣬ͷŻŪϲ㣬ҲˣԼ˺ܾûٳˡ
ȷʵҲеˡ۾һͷèȥˡ
ӺЦʦڼԺóԵģԶһСèģ
ôˣüͷɫ
ϲָó˦ʱָ׹
Դ˽飬᲻ɴֻۻƤһκۡ
˵ЩľѫЩΣ˵𾭹
ڽºѻΣе޿κΡ
򴽣˻
˵ҵȥľҿľѫûϽģ컹治ġ
˷һȥӸʢ
ͷȷʵһҪˣһ˻ܴ򲻹
ζϲúڼддҵɸɻûʲô£극˾׼ȥڴľҡ
㿴ҲûһǮȥѧȥ¡С˵
žϰѿһģӡ
̶ѧʲôѧǴүһһҪźޣʲôҲԼ䲻䣬ʱ͵ҶˣѧΡ
СǣզźأնҲѧѫϷҲʲôǮһȥ£ҲʡĴ˵л
ľľڣӹĲľľնϵĺӡ
ϿϴСѧһдϢСѧУˣСѧ飬ҳԷ
ÿȥ͡
ޣҺȥѧҹģȥȥѧô죿𣿡˸ۣľ
ľѫȥˣȻľҲȢ
ƢãǸģô꣬ѼǮѵأѹƵء
˲˵ˣĬھƣ̾
ô󶯾ľѫȻˡ
ΪѧľѫһٺͱֱԷűųջ
ϣŸС룬緹
ľѫҧŴ
ûɻˮÿѧǰŪˡ
·ѧҲϴˣҲˡ
ȥ飬ܵöȥѧΪʲôܣ
ľѫۿתȴǿı˻ȥ
Ϊ̫гйԭǺ͸ڴϵͦ׽ģ׾پҵľˡ
ǣľ㶵ʡ
һЦⶼûУǻˡ
ûʲôøУ¶ò΢ЦľѫʦҰˣľѫûȥϿΣǷʲô
ľЩΣŵŵû˵
ˡܳû˵ﻹ֣ǮϿΣʲôΣޡ
ľѫԼǮ뻹ӦѭԼԸί˵ţֻû˵ûǸʸˡ
ɫѿɤӺޣǮ˭֪ǲǿģһӶƨϽȥ
˵ܻľľǸϳȥ
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費ܺӾˣû뵽׵Ҳ仰Ҳ˵ɬľѫˡ
ϱϵˣץģ˵˽ŵһ仰
ƽҲ䵭ϣʽʲôһ
ĪȴĪе㺦£ӣӲ죺˭֪ôƤӣûʹɶ
ҿȥָˣࡢ죬Ųţӵ
ľϺȻǶûӴɶɽʲôҲһ־ͱɫ˵ǹ˵ġ
ᣬ¿Ժ
ľ˵˿ǺϺö쵼ʶ˵׶Ĵ쵼һ˵ҪæŵֺõЦæ֡
ڿǽȥú𣿡ӿľʵ
ҲǸûɶĸŮһᵽʲôҲ
ޱ˵ûʲôĲǿЦӣɫЩ԰ʿˮû˵
ľ˽ݡ
˵˰춼ûܽݣǱӭ˽ȥ˱ˮ
ľѫСģȥĶˣϽϷۣûĺ
ûһᣬľѫͳˣۿͨ죬ϻϣû뵽ῴ죬ܶ
𾪡ϲίȵȣȫᣬ৵һ¾ˣʦ
ϵˣ˿æڵߣľѫӣҲۣӡӡ
ǾԼӵģʮ꣡Ű
㵽ǲǺף㶼ܹܣ
ֱ̫ˣһСӶôݵֱ֣ǡ
ºͣӹţôôĻľѫ˾ŭ˵
Ӽֱ޲ȥһܡ
ľ˵޵ݣȻ֪ӹòá
ôˣҲϺϱۣһϱңһզӡ
˵ϱǰͷ޲̫ãҲûǣĸССʱ򲻰ģ
һҲеԹ˶¡
ϸҪţҸԸҴһզˣֲǼҵޣǹܵ𣿡
첱Ӵ֣˵ʲô
վžһϣϾɵľһɢ˼ܣһ
ŵü˶һ¡
ɫҲ̫ãˣǹܲţǾͱùܣŹŻŰͯҷҪŪǽȥ첻ɡ
ľûʲôҲӲģͱˣŵŵ£Ҳû˵һ仰
˺˵˵ӦľѫѧҲٴӲɿڣвҪȻа취ٳʱЩ׶񼫵ɱ˷ĥʲôɲܡ
ľæӦ֤ԺӺãҲû˵
ӷǮڹϣ˵Ӻֵͷջ˵ץĸҩǮ
ľϣ˿ſӸŭԡ
˵ľѫûϿҪΰؼҡ
˸ҩͿͿ
Ÿľѫҩȥȥˡ
ľѫͿҩڵļ⣬ᱻӲ˻ȥͷ˵ﰵģԺһҪʦ塣
ˣ׵զҲܺԼĺأ쿴ľѫܣ̾
վſڣЩ̻ʵľѫ
Դ˵ÿ˶ʸ񵱸ĸġ
ı
ԭͥԺӵӰԶ޷Спܻ˺һ
ӿľѫתͷЦ⺢ӼͣԺ󲻻ġ

л˵:
˱дС˵ԽԽԼдʲô⡣Ա
β˿Ҫˡ
һС˵ܶ಻㣬Ҽ£ллĶ
ڰʮ [V]
ᷴ첻ܶĴ˼ңͥúӶ˵ˣר
СѧѧԽԽ࣬ŴҲˣһשרһשСѧ
˶ʦҲȱΪˣŴͷˣͷܣҪʦ
УͼϽʦʹˣ϶ޣСѧ»ܣѧֶ࣬Ҳæת
ûӣӶţҪȻæ
ҳҲҲԸ
ҲΪӺãһ취һúǶܺúö顣
СѧŮҲԽԽࡣ
СǵƤҲůģʱ鲻ãǶʦˣʦġ
ǻáֵӣҲˣʱʱŪС˭Ҫѧĺãͽ˭һСԽԽŬ
ϽҲǲǮģϵˣϲСǣźǸˣҲ
ѧɼԽԽãҳЦöϲ£졣
ԴˣҲûٴȤʦһôʮʮǮȥˡ
ʱŴЦŴ۾Լɡ
ֵСԴ˵Ǻúܣʮû⡣
Ǻ򳤶ˣˡ
µҲ֪ôҲǿͿģǴҲУУ޲ѡ
벻ɣԴżĵ˿ҡ֮ҡӿЦѡ
һţ͹עӵļǳȺӿǲǲձ
ӺΣ쵹͵֣СѧȻûбΧµķա
Ҳûֶã֪ĸ֪ڵʦһתƪ֮ҡŮ黳꣬ڷŲ´ﺢӣϴѧ֪ط顷
ƪ¼ΪúǶ鶫ߣ˵˵ɷ˻ᣬ컨׹мʱƬ
һӻˣҲžˡ
ҲʼΧ졣
һٱʾЩǵʦģûʲôֵñõģӰ쵽ǶˣϣǲҪСѧӰ캢ˡ
ŵסȺƻļߡ
ѧǸûѪѧ˿ƪѪѡ
̵֧Ĵѧࡣ
ƪ֮ÿһҵͻᱻ˷ˡ
ӴŴĹҲ
ҶǸƷ֣ǴǡǴ塱ˣ˶أⶫȻ
ĵһʹֺݺݵ׬һʣԽȣϴ»ʵϵĲ١
ҲǿоƷ֣ճɺܺá
˻ɽˮеĸɴ˵רŸֳҵ㡢ϺеĸҵרȦ˲
׬˲Ǯ
һһ·ӽשƯúܡ
ﲻҪٲ֣⼸Ҹӣ뷨ԽԾҵɵĺúܡ
ʱֶ뷨ȥ򷿣ϡﶼ˲٣ںҵȦĵ˲٣ѼĴҪ͸ա
οŶզ಻ѣȰ˼βãȰˡ
֪θϱĻûãϱĻܵɣ
ôɶ
Щֱ˷ǮⲻǣǮٶҲôĲǣ
֪ȴҡҡͷֱ˵ʲôȻԼ뷨ﲻæҲܷԡӲ
̾ˣ˼Ӷɶã
ҲˣľӪӣ쵹ˡ
Ǵţ˵ҲŴ
طչٶȱطֲ١
سЦ춼ϲ£ˣòҪǮɡ
ڲ/бҶզģŴٴټȫ忪ᡣ
Ҫ˰ɣ
ɲǣ˵/ϯ˵Ҫڹء
զҪรŹ˼갲ӡ
զǶ۸ſˡɲôȺУΪǺ۸أ
һ۷׷ףߡ
壬Ҫȥ
ѾʮˣɼãϸУҲٷżٲпջ
ΪºСйأŴЩ˸Ųμӡ
ٶ㣬һҶˡ
Ҳȥ
һҲҪȥ

˿ͷֵСжѪڣ׷ױ̬ҳס
úúã֪ǴСӶǺģǻˣǵСģձ/ӶʤˣһҲʤξľйٱѡˡŴοֱͷ
Ǵˣ˺ü졣
޷ˣȱԺȣȻԸ⣬ɵĸѶսûõġ
˸⣬˼
վүүŴǰ͹Ȼʸ˵Ҳû˵٣Ҳ˵˵̫үľȻ䡣
ȻǴһǶǹ˿ӣ˹СĿģ˵ǰỨ
үүλϹս˵ϱʵȴᶨҪһϹͷˣҲȥ޶ǺģܱҪ֯Źңһʤ
˵˲֪ˡ
ˣҲû˵óԵĻԼӱҲֳĬ
ܿ죬/Ӿѡˡ

л˵:
׷С˵ϸˡ
ͻȻʹQwQ
ԲҰ
ڰʮ [V]
꣬ˣԴˮƽҲˣСӶú׳ʵžһԴüСӶѡˡ
СӣŶǿϡ/ľ/СӵļĹЦ
ɲֹһˣܱߵļȥˣ˵ʵݵŶģҾҲ㣬ö඼±ѡϣӵǿŶô¡
ɲ٣ڴũʱҲȥ򹤣һڴﳧӴ㹤Ȼ۵㵫ԵҲãһɫ彡˶úܡ
Ӳ/ǲյģȻö࣬ߵʵҲôǴ׳ʵСӡ
ߵʱȫȻҪ͵ģޱѡϵģĸֵܶء
˶Źȳˣץ⼸޺᲻Ҫúñء
ౣءЩ֪˵ʲôֻ򴽣Сӵĸ첲Щӡ
֪ⳡս/ǻʤӮȫأҲ֪ս/ͻЩǺء
ẺӶڳСҲ죬Ƕӵأӵúܡ
θ磬һĺٺٺ١
θ磬͹ͷڰء
θ磬ͷĺء˵ˣ򴽣ȻѾˡ
֮Ӿÿ˳ԵģǷЯĳԵģмͷ
⣬ûѣֻȥԺӵл
û˵ʲôʱøǵˣԼȥҵӵǸ/١
һ׼Щ޷ޱʲôҪ˸һǣԸȻЩϰĲ࣬ҲΪһġ˵
Ĳ࣬Ƕ׼ʻеģҲǮҳĸƷҲǰߡ
ǲӦЩȡѹ֮ĲƷӰĥ
лл㣬̫лֵܡ/ٸмӵ֡
ӾʹʳƷԲȺһһΪɾܾˡ
˼Ҽֻ˵Ҫϰһ⣬Ըҵġ
֪мԼҵĳӣŴ¸ڴܸߣҵҲ񣬲ȱ㶫
ټȷʵҪЩʣ/ٺ˱Ҳˬ
ʵʵĶӾůģ岻ݴǣǵκ񣬵ɷĴڣǸĸԸ
˭ҲϣԼòһĸмͻر
мԱ/ٺŸһģվĸӾ˸񣬺漸Ҳž񣬱ѡϻûʽСһ׾ĸ̧֣ӵ·һӰ
üʮ꣬ӵˣһ̣ҲɵÿʼѪڣվèŻ˸
ҪŹүүȻ۾ѾˣĪĸַܵΧƿ죬ΡΡվã̧˲Ҳȱֱۡ
һ˲䣬Զ
ǶӢۣǵӢۣ˺ܶౣǣҪúѧϰǿԺҲܱˡ
ѧУͣ˰Σúȥˡ
ȻҲȥˣ뵽ǸҲ÷ڣ˿վڽ̨ϣ˫
ԣҲҪΪһӢۡ
ԺҲҪȥ
Ҫúö飬Ϊ¬ʦ˵Ŀѧҡ

쿴Ž۾־ĺǣ̲סü
ҵԼڵ壬Ϊ˷һ

꣬ȥǱ߹ɣҲܺú÷ɷɡᴵЩ㲵С۵˵
ʱСѧкҪСˣϽʦʹˣƽʱҲϿΣѧУҪͺеʦڸ
⼸ûϢûԺãɫ˲٣۲ѣѳö¶ֳȥˣڳʱڼ첹ӡ
ϱ+ⱲӺüʮ͹ƴҵͣԼͥΪأҲͲں˵һлˡ
ʵᵽҲȫҲúܺãҲ֪ЩӵϲͿأһҵҪԼҪģ
Ҳû˵첻˵Ļ
Ȼ˺üˣΪûɹʲôػһֱӳţԻǰһװۣݰףֻǶЩζͷ
⼸Ͼе㲻ɫЩ԰ףŻ㾫һֱЦӵĻͷУҲûмأʱûȥˡ
һΪ᲻ЩӣԸȥءǴȤҲóЩ
ЦЦսصɷ굹ԽԽˣʹСԴ׵ġ
ܻԼļҵģֻϣǡŻһ˵һ߽ӹθ̲סġ
æӹЩĸıеѯʣôˣﲻ
ҡŻû˵վԺŻ
ӼԱ߲ͣıҪܳȥȥҽԺ
һ¡û¡컺һסӡ
ҡǲˣҲǼٴﻳеĸ˵ģɩӻлչ˵ء
ͷһεӴԭء

л˵:
һҪ緹ҾǲʹĽѵ
ʧڼȥסԺ˵ʯǳ֮ܡʹࡣ
һҪ
ھʮ [V]
֡޶һۣЩ֪롣
ӻûȫɵӦæȥǮ֤ȥСѧ٣ȻųҽԺȥ
ŮӻжҳҽҡšƣΪˣȥҽԺѾٹԺȥҽԺ黹Ųġ
ҽѧֶβҲ٣Ƶ˸٣ҽʿţںò˸˶ʮ飬ϸ顣
ǻˣ52ˣͦġҽ۾ϴϼЦͷ˵
Ǽ廳еģкڶӴˣ˾֪ڵùǺʱǾһ
֤ʵԸȷʵˣϲۣ鸴ӵúܣС֣ϸˣҽҽ㿴ҪעЩʲô
⵱ҽɻǵһҽϡĶһۣСӣɵݸ˻ͦţǸġ
˵꣬ĵú˵עԷ޶СͥҸһЩ˵ĺϸ
˶ǵһεĸȻרעţӺ޲ñʼ
ֱҽ˵꣬Ӳ֣صĵͷлҽСķȥ
Ӷ۸ָӵ鵹Ǽ򵥵úܶࡣ
ϲӣȻЩ⵫ҲûٿܣҪӵ岻ôҪӣˣڶ˲Żϡ
㣬㣬ǲżġԭӶͳ磬Ǻ޲źСĻ˻ˤˡ
һμɵЩЦƤգգ۾ʵôʲôʱܻصң
ֲżȴȥԵ㶫ӶԼð亹ûȡЦƽʱһ岽ߡ
ûôţڲһأûµġ
СЩô𣿻ﲻ𣿡
ãеˡ
Ҵȥ¹ӣԵʲô
˵ıӰԽԽԶҽԺļʿһۣͬʱص̾еᣬԼҲ˿ûô˼⻹ǽ˿ˣ黹ôãԸҼֱǵӣĻôܣ
Щ꣬ΪһֱûУ︾Ůǿû˵л˼ģĴûٴ˼
ϢһشЩ˽½˵⻳޵ĶݺݵĴ
Ӷݵģﶼ˵úܣЩӺù٣ӴģȻá
УŴ˵ģӵԸӵģ⼸˲лȻ˼ҹܵĿʵҲûٷ˿ˡ
Ϣ͸˵עڼҵʱǷ䵹ҲϣҪ׼򲼡
δǮõû򲼣ǿڵæǱСݣסǱˣѵûϴ˸ƻԣﳶ˳²۵
ûڸǰĶǿ鱦ڸǰľǸˣټ⼸꣬ÿ׶ƣŴӿɾûӺߵ㶮ʲôЩϴˣ򲼲Ųƨɣ²Ͽûʹ
ǿҲ˳˵һ죬ﶮҲֻܵͷٶ˵רĿƻеüͷˣǻʰ㻻ϴ·ƶҪסǱˡ
ˣŴȴŹˣ뵽飬ӲǱӣ۾۾úܣʵСӶˣҲϴСˣɶʱȢϱϴȥףǸ˼˵ʲôҪרֵأЩŮ鳤û˼ҹˡ
ǿ˲佩ӲȻû뵽ֿʼᡣ
ŴԱ߾ẓ́һ۶ӣ²ؼļ̡
ϾǿæڿԼƻŶˡ
æأȻȥ˹
ŴĲϣٲͱˣЩһȥɡ
ǿȥ·ϸպƼСĻ쳯ѧУһ·˵˵ЦЦܰúܣҸӣǿҲ̲סЦЦﶯ˶µץŶȥ
СѧкҪСǹؼʱѧУʦ٣Ȼ٣˵ڶӻСֻҪעû¡
֪˼û˵ʲôֻڳʱڼ¿Σźǽһϸ
ûһģ̾СţʦǸиġ
ﷴӦ󣬱óԺúźţɫűȳ˻á
Ӽãκ廹ŴӰæտţԼƱȥһˡ
굽չеķǲԶˡ
ܳһʱ䣬ûʱˣȥЩ̲Ķ̷֮Ķ˳ȥǿĹ˾
ദӲòϣĺʺϾ̣ͷװĲӿеĻǻһ飬Ǹĵ⣬лһ飬ȻԸ
鷳޴ϰˡǿһװͷץһ˿еᾫӢǸζˣԼˣӴȤ
ϵûٹ⻹࿿ָ㣬ô˹ϵȻãǿЦĿװģһȭЦмˣɺþûˡ
ⲻϱˣö˳㣬Ժɾ͵õȺӴЩˡЩ⡢ҫϹȢϱϿСˣϲľǺͻûȢϱĹҫˡ
ģ԰ҿɵøСֶ׼ǿЩ⣬ֵܸˡ
һ˵һߵԱߣǿ򿪳ϳԼڼʻλ˵ȥŮѣȥԷ
Ůѣϴμ棬Сӿɻǹһء
ǿЩ⣬ЦڳˣɲѧѧԸҲõúܣҪˣˣȴˡ
ǿŮԪվںжѧ︸ĸʦңҲľŰɫȹβ裬һᡣ
óǿҲϡþ۾ճ˼ϣúܣƵӶᣬԸšӣҲ֪ûв
˵ʵҲ֪ߵĶԲԣҵĴ۶ͶȥˣôҲر껹ȢϱءƣǿҲЩƣܿãü꣬ٶǮҲղЩơ
ҾϷǧȱǮ˵һһ仯˵Ǿʹ¼Ԫأӹ
ǿҲǱԹһ£ͶôҲһӷܿӸɱЦУɵöͶ㣬衢ģǲ֪Ǯ͸һҪһ⣬ĿӶʣˡ
С죬ǿҲ໰Ҳ˾ôʣүǣ˵ϰˡ
ԱŵԪ̲סǿһѣһۡ
ǿæЦӿźЦҡҡͷСӿ˹ˡӣʱƣүӵǲСˡ
һߺžƣһߺ˵㽨飬ôǺʱģҲе㶫˵
ǿ۾ԽԽҲԽԽˣһɵʹ죬ȵվվˣԪշŻȥġ
ͽ飬ʱ㡢ѧϹ㡣
ҡǿͷԪ˵§Ӳ䣬ԪվȲ֪˵ʲôźá
źڻûֻȻһ»źá
ﵣ죬Ӳûںд죬ȥ˿ǿʵҺһȺоԱЩŹĶͼæظϡ
Ӵ˺Щѡ̷֮ĶȥÿŻóԵģȥϿΣμ仹ȡ
죬ҵܲѼ˿ʢһС͵ѧУȥζ⼸ϡþ
Ƕ֪ʦСˣμΧΧʶ
Ժ󳤴˸ǳԡ
ҪƯȹӡ
ҾǵܵܣԺǿһѧ
ֵĲУ˵ҪúŬŶԺȥѧôóԵĻ
Ƿ׷׵ͷʼ˵ҪȥԺҪȥ׶ѧϯЦѣĵĻӦ
֪ǲǻеԵʣɢĸĹԣһѺᡣ
ӹľһһ¾룬һǸĸףҲһΪһøס

л˵:
91· ǿvs [V]
ǿûԼⱲȥ׶ϴѧ
Ǵӳ˺öˣҲû
ҲûһӴڴʲôãСʱûϴӳʱ򣬼ãҲ֪ʳĿɹ
ˣⱲӴžһֵأӣϸɣܹǶġ
û뵽һȥѧһ׶Ĵѧ
Ӹ˵û¶ѧϰѧϰʱûзϣϾ˭Ҳû߿ٻָ
ʱѧ˿ÿ˿أҲʹȥϣʱпգӸʱЩҲͱŶʶܹû̬ѧѧ
֪߿ĻָˡĿˡ
ҲǣӸ籾´˵ʲôͷˣʱ뵽⣬ǿԽм
⼸ˣ׶Ȼ˻ᣬǿûʲôԥֱѡ׶ѧУ
ѧũҵСڵﳤǿȻ׽С
ѧУðôõ¥ô飬ʵңҲܺóԣҲ󣬸ӸҲ˲Ǯÿ춼ܳԱ
ǿ֪ǺöС֪඼ûпϴѧ֪λ֮ףϧѧϰʱ⡣
ϴһοΣ˿ԼҲʱͼ￴飬ҪǸʦƨɺŸɻо
ĵǸĳʵǿҲ֪㡣
ֻһ㣬ǿ򴽡
һģе֮⣬ƺûбŵ㣬ʵ벻ͨŮôϲ
ͬѧѽŮݣһƯϵŮ
ǿЩ죬˼ĵ˵ͣûôÿĹͷЩ޴⡢ѼҴӼģ
˵Щԥ̧ͷŮһۣû̽ʵҪҪܺóԡ
ע⵽ˣΪҲҲƯСûߜ
СĲˤˣסɿûһֻ˵һ䣺СЩͼææˣʲôˮһ
ַǸڰģǸеӣǿǸʦת
죬պʳˣؼԵ㣬ûס˵ˡ
ѼصȻԹʵҲ֪ΪʲôԼô嶯ᣬǿôŤֶ֪ˣ͸ˣգգ۾¶һĨЦѽ
˵꣬ҲŤӼһѼ򣬿ź͵Ѽе㾪ȣĺܺóԡ
ĲģǴһλǽûע⵽˾Ѽ
Ժ󣬳ؾͳǿÿγԷʳõţǿԵɶҪһ߲ſġ
տʼǿе㲻ڣԽԽϤ֮ͿʼԾרŵų
ʲôѽʮȻǿ棬ڴʵ
ǿϰߵݸͷܿص˵ͷ
ۿɼЩʧСˣȴû˵ʲôӹͷССҧš
ǿЦһ򿪷УƵǰ㳦רʦġ
õⶼԼιԼɱټӳﻹиרҡ̫أôõ䣬ԽԽˣŴӸѧ˸߰˰ˣ㳦ء
ӳԶţŴⶼˣʳöżӼӲͣԼԣҲõóֵġ
ǿƽʱԼ᲻óԵģᵹһڳʳʦˣһСڸʦ
еڷ͹ⷢž㡣
ȻŮ۾ˣǿûסǡ
һλãˣôҲֲԾˡ
һСôȤǲ̸ʲôоǳԸʴҲŪˣٺ´η㻹
ǿȴͬˡ
˭үүǾԪ˧̽һĴУĸǱңԼҲƾԼŬ˴ѧҲÿ
ϲûٹ˼ҴС߰úܣһҲ
ȴһƫԶũСӵܣʵ
ʶ볤Զ㣬һˣأ
ɽǾԺģϲضʲôˣϧ˰ԸȻشߣɽΪԺ϶ֻܼ޸ȻԼմǲݣͰѳصˣӴ
˵иСӺͳߵĺܽˡ
ǿƵһģȴû˵֪Լǲ
ûб뷨ءֻϲôûԹʳϡˣҲ롣
Զ㡣Ȼ͸ӵŰɡɽ￴ǿһۣºݻ߿ˣˣҲϡ
ǿ򴽣˿գֳ˳·뿪
Ժǿ볤Զ㣬ĳԵĻǻһ룬Ƿʳõϣȴˡ
ֻΪæʦµʵأȻе㲻ˣҲֻûƽϡ
һһ£ʱ䳤ˣҲˣߴˣԶԶ˻ת
ֱż٣ǿҪؼҡ
˵С㣬СʲôãСü費˼ģɵʵ
ز˵˼ңʲô²µģûֵأǻûԣֻܶء
뵽ʲô죬Ĺĵ죺һ㶼ãˣˣ
СüΣʼУ˵ʲôԡϽʰʰɣĳ͸ˡ
ؼö˶ѾŰУؼˣ֪뵽ʲô۾תתͻȻû֮ǰİգܿʰ
СüոջһһֻΪҲˣû˵ʲôһʰ
㡢ôˣǿǰȥһ˻û뵽ԭӦڼŵĳء
֪ôأ͵͵ûԶţǰ컹ãڻϣ⡭ҪǺ˻ûҵط
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