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1.   1    ˣҪ

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2.   2    պ䵽

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3.   3    ȥ



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ѵ磬¥ʱıķѾ¯һ

ԱСϣæ𡣶ææȥȻ׼һٷʢ͡

ݣҪȥ¥ϿСû
ԳǸˣҲкü꣬ɿƺһС㡣
洦϶ʽƺҲûϡ

ˣվſӦ
תͷƼ˵ôҲ˵һҪȻҿ϶ҹ

˻֪ԾЩʧְ
һ𴲣ǱѵĶȥгɹʳģ׼չ֡
;θ

ʲôԵҶʡ

˵̫ӣҴҪš
ȥ𣿡˵Ҹһȥˣ˵ѽһ쳵Ӻͷɻ϶ۣżȥ

СԺԶļ֣ǱԶĳֹг
Ǳмիӣרľǹ⣬޸ԡ

еģƲի֮
Ȧ˶֪ҪĶȦպġСʥ֡ͱһ⣬ö֮իڹڹȦЩ
ܶعؼңԶ

޵ĸ̣רӡ

ȥҵȥĵطڡ
Щ棺ϰҲ֪Ķ֪ˣһ͸Ҹ˵绰
š

޼Ȼ׬Ǯ飬ģɸӺ棺ѽ㣬Ҫȥﰡ

ӹ˹״С룬һͷ»ð棬˵ȥɽԽ
޵۾Ȼû

ҲҪʱˣҪõڷɽԽ
ûϵеġ

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ѧУ԰ڣһԵʣԵøһ磬ƺƵг飬ռѧУɵ
Ϊѧռ̫㣬ѧУ󣬹Ǵʳõѧ¥һξ롣
ѧһг

ʱ߽ʱȴһ̬Ĳûֵ̫

ѧн׶ΣʱϿ𣬽Ҳɳ֣ѧϽ
ƫƫ죬İ

̤һ̣һ۲Դ

Ϊҵһţһɫع׵Ůˣϵ·ȴΪϸְˣӶԵþ£׸

ҴŴͨѧﵹѧΡ
ôҳӵζ
ǵһų֮⣬յģ˸

ʱ߽ҵ˲䣬ѵĿ͸ϣֻһҲ֮ǰһĿⲢδͣ
ͺȫȻǵãǰˣǸڴҪ΢ŵĹ

ܿ죬Ͽ𣬸ʱóǩʼ

һӦ𣬵ܿ
ڴڼ䣬ѵ°ͣ΢ʱ䱡
ûʲô֪Ѳ֪Լһ֪ĸǶǾ޶ˡ

ڸʱ䱽һ̣Ͳɫذں˱顣
ߵˣֻҪäܿ

ʱ䱵һ֣۽޴ǰ΢̧
Ȼϡ

˿ֱ׶¶ǵĴô۵ףû˼գգ۾鶯Ĺˮкذ
ƺڴһ˼
Ұϲⲻ⡣

ֻΪղ۵Щް

һ롣
һ˿ҡ

ڣû㵽ֵˡ
ƺͣ¡
ȥ




4.   4    ÿˣ϶ǡ



һ̣ﰲŵĵزΧĿƺЩͣ˷ѧͶ̽ߣ׷ڽǰѺ͸ʱϡ

Ȼʱûȫңѱˡ
֪˵ľ
±ˣܸоֺ

ʵڿεѧҲǶʶʱ໥ζƽʱǲŮϿεıϵѧ
Ҹʱ䱵ĿΣѧУſΡ
ΣֱӰѧУĽϵͳ㵽

ÿϿʱݽȫԴ˵һǿ˭ģ˭ǡ
òֶ͸һزס
һ˾͸ԴƵãƯ۵

ڵһš
뿴С
֪ڴѧһŵˣѧԾǺˡ

λŮֻ¾Ǹˡ

ȻĿ֮£¸ʱѾд˸֣ɴݵȻֻȻڼͷĳλվ
Ȼǰĸʱ䱣ڣû㵽ҵ֡

ҵĿβʱϣ۵ǹɲúŪ䵭
սĽ̨˫ִ̨ϣСֻ˲˵ҽѣԪµѡ

£λء
Ѿǹἰأ뵽µǾһƳ
ţԼһӡûС

λС㣬аʮŸѧѾӵʱ䡣ʱ˵󣬱΢΢ţǹ䵭Ҫľٴ
ò˵ѾǱ䵭ˡ

ֻ仰ѲԼĸаΣ԰༶Ƥ̵ֲܽѧ˵ľǣΪ˷һʱ䣬ȫʮѧǼʮӡ

ѱĪͷһЦ
ֻһЦʱ䱵üľ͸ˡ

ٴγڸ֮ǰЦͣǸҲЦ㡣ȻĻҳȥͺˡ

˵꣬ϵİ׼뿪
ֻǰתѧ΢΢һϹԲ˷Ѵҵʱ䡣

Ǳϳңƫƫ̬ȻɣһǸǵýŮ޲ҡźҪ
ֱˣ̨ޱĸڡ
ʱʲô˻ȥ

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ѧĿΣһ㶼ϣмʮӿμϢ
˵ˮϲ֮⣬û˻¥¥Ҵܡ
Ѱĵһ¥տ˿ŵԺϵ顣˵˱ѧĿϵֻǺȥ˱ѧУ

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øʱϣڲͬġ

һڿζˡ

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һѧ糱ˮһѷӿ¥ѧͬĿڲͬϣʱϿνȳ̶ȿǸϳ

Ϊôˣûôҵ

ѶǼ¥ݿڣһ޳ߴӰ¥ݡϴεĳڿ㲻ͬһضףڴǼɫVë£¶һش׵İɫΧɬĴѧֳ˵ζ

ѧƺһֱ׷⣬һһ߻شǸ赭ģ
ܡ

һֱ˽ѧ¥ĳڣѧֹͣ׷ʣֵ
ǵ¶µӡ󣬲ڿεѧڳѧ¥ʱһϳվ·ߵѡ
Ҫȥ½ڿΣͷ

ֻѧĺ棬Ȼķǵˡ

ǣʵԸ񲢲㰮Ц󲿷˶ͦģ͸żر˫۾һᶼ²ؼͨ͸侲

ڴĪᣬ´⽥ů¶ǳЦʱһδڶĳһ⣬΢ΣᲦ˵ҡ
վУ԰ߵϣǱȴ⻹ҪĴڡ
˲Ŀ

ˣҲҪһ˫۾

߹ĸʱ䱣·ѹûһֱ߹ȥ
ܺãˡ
ֱĴڡ

ڣۼſ죬ȵǰ
΢ƤһĺĮ£

ʵĽСĹ෴߳һߣȳռơֻǵǰȻҪ΢ͷ
һ̧ͷͣϡ
ڴ⣬ڷ˸⧲۾ôôÿء

Ѳ۾Ư

е㡣
ǲǱ¶ʵĿ̫ˡ

һ㶣ϲˣ١Ϊ˽ӽʹЩֶΣʱҲ١
ôƵģһ

Ϊ˸˵ĵĻʱ΢

˵仰ʱ䱼ջصǰֱ׳ĹһֱۿɼƲȥ
ͫ⣬ƺҲ

Ĭ룬ǰÿ΢ͷĽֻͣһ£ҲǹҪĿﵷңϿΡ

벻ʾ
һ˲䣬ʱɤ·ëӹĪ
һۣת뿪

ת˲䣬̧ͷһƲ
ĳȷʵӲʾû

ѻվԭؿʱһôԱ߹չгæŴ绰һĶãûעվŵˣгֱĳײ˹ȥ

СġԱ˾ѣҲûӹһ١

гһ̣ŤͷܵǲùǣͷȻûײ͹ĳŵŻǹεСȹǣʹ˲ֱš
ѣ䲻ĵһ
ǰһڵĸо

Բ𣬶Բ𡣡ˤڵϵĳˣѸǸ
ѱ۵ģ˱۾
ٴ۾һԲĿŶԷ

˵ϲأҪȥҽҰɣԲ𣬶ңСĿͣĵǸȻǰ˳Ư̫䣬·һ̾ͻ˵޵ݵĻ

û뵽ǣֱѿڣҲֻã´ﳵСĵ㡣
Ȼ䣬ȴ̱

˵Էȴû棬һȰ˵ûУҽԶҪȥɡ
̧Է䵭ͬѧǰɣ


ڵõĿ϶ش뿪ˡ

һߣѵͷŲ½š
湻۵ġ
ͻȻеڣô׷ŶԷߡ

ĵѵЩ֪꣬ΪϵʹǸʱ䱵Įӡһĸͷһôܴ죬ͬһϡ
겻ûڵ
ǰһձĮܾһͱײ

̾˿Ҫֻ绰ͻȻͿӰ
Ƭ̺
ֱŶˣΪ뿪ˣȻȥվǰ

ۺЦʱʱ䵭𣺡߰ɡ
Ѵ㵵ЩĪʲô
Уҽҡ

ʱѲź֪˼
߰ɡ
ȥУҽҡ

Ŷ
ÿˣ϶Ǹӣ
˻ͷͶ˰




5.   5    ޸ʦѡ



ʱ˵仰ǰߵġ
ôܷŹƤ֮ôܰˣ춼ڸᣬ

˻һ
Ȼǰ˽Ųһ٣ѿĵЦϷ
˵ڣҲռˣܲܽһֱֻۣҷһ¡ҵĺʹʹ

Ѷû뵽ԼͦϷ츳
ԭȪɾ͸ڲ£ԵҼ
ôˣܾܲԼɡ

˭֪ǰֻתͷһ䵭վš

ۿ뿪ϵĳʱɢ

ֱһɫͣࡣ
ͣ¶ʱ䱵ɡ
վԭûֵס̹ڣһϵҴϳĶ

ʱ䱳ţüŵģȻ֪Ҫ
ֻûԹʵŮ𣿸ʻŮרҪŮѣҾͲʻˡ

Űɡʱޱƽ

ѱ⣬̽״ȻĿǰ˽⵽ӦûŮѣҲûκܹϵ
ǷδȻ

Ҳûټ⣬õòʧ
ߵʻǲ೵ţϳͶݹߣȻҾһʻȽòϾֲҵ˾

Уҽȷʵĺܽ
ӹ͵ˣȫûӡ

ҽң״ӵҽԱߵĴϣȻƿĿӣȿȣɾȵôôأ

ԭվһԵĸʱ䱣ҲŤͷ
ҽȣΪСϣһԵٺۣΧһȦϺɫѪ
Ƥ̫𪣬ôһǴĿġ

Լû̫֣С˺ʣţܲҲ̶á
ҲãңԵûʵ

ҽȷͷûʲô飬ء
˻Ѫҩȥ죬ûʲôˡ

ΪбѧҽæкˣԼһҩ

ϴףšƿǣȻûš
Ǹʱ䱿ȥֱӽƿùȥɴεƿǣСȣ˼£ҩζİɫˮƿСϡ

ô꣬Ƶ°ͣ̽ʵǲǣҲҪ࿪Żã
ֵ˵ҩһ

⻰һڣʱƤƳιƬƵãֱֱͷ䵭ȷҪҸࣿ

һ˿컣ȴĪ١
˵Ҳ֣Ҳʲô̸ͻˡ
෴ô󣬻ͷһԸĶģԣһ޷ĳ嶯

ͷŷߣûи߸еձϰߣ෴ͦΣеѩɣȾ

ΣյĿǣĨҩͣŵĹǺ
ͻȻãԼǱ̫ôߵĺá

֪ԼѾõĹ࣬ȴĪҪôߡ

תƻʵͻȻһ¡
⻰˹ӣء

ֻǣʱ䱹Ȼûѵ⣬ѹû뷴ʻҲգζĿֻȷҲȫǱôĮ޶԰ɡʵ㻹ͦҵİɡ

˵⻰ʱѵ۾ֱ̹ģŸʱ䱡
۵ףָƽͬ
ڵﻹ³ʲô

΢΢һЦҪȻҪҸϳңǲǾûа취ĵϿΡ
Ҳˣһ

⻰ѻ治Ǻ˵ʱ䱵ĿڰǳЩûεѧ
ȻͲС
±Ӱ죬Ҳûб˰ɡ

ŵĿǣѾһգŷԸʱģ
Ȼ

ڣʱ䱵һ̺ľǰһ˵ľͬʱͷӸµؿϵѹȸҽϳңΪҿ޷ϿΣҵĿòӭ֮͡
Ѵ֪ʵ޹ʵ֮ͣ𣿡
ʱ䱵ֲ嶵һۣ㲻ڸ𣿡

ԭջΪԼԿ
ûУγ̱У۵͸ĵЦ⣬ͣ˵Եָҵ㣬Ųţ

Ŀԡ
ʱ۾λд֣š

֪㹤ĵطҪ١ֻҪͬڱϣϾҲͷʲô¶ȻԸѹ͡
Ҳͷһ⣬úý͡

Ȼʱ䱵ݣȷʵѧġ
޸ʦʱǴѧ￼ϵڣֻҪǶڱ

ʱֻѾǵڶΣʲô°ɣ

С㣬ûȤ֪ʲôġʱƺûʲôģٸȥֱ˵ؿ˵ УԺ󣬲Ҫҵ

˵꣬ûٸ˵Ļᣬֱ뿪Уҽҡ
ŤͷߵıӰǵĽ
㻹

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֮ȷʵûٳڸʱǰ
ΪҲæòɿҵ겻ţųꡣԴ޸Ǹγֻһٳ֮󣬲֪ԼҵĻ

ڶͱϰڵ˸š
ʱ֮ɺϣѲɣǲԼſڶ׵ˡ

Էȷʵµһȷʵγ漣ƵѰ޸ʦҽ֣͵ѻ
ѱûӣɶԷʵǸ̫ˡ

ʱ绨ѩµ飬һ£СԺ޸γŻĹҾԼԺӵĶ¥
˳Է֮⣬¥¡
޸黭һǸϸûнݾǾḻʦǿԼ˫֣ģһ޸

¥޻СԺȴλˡ

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ޣСʦڼ𣿡־żɽԵʮģ

ҪشĻȴȱվ
Էһ߼ĳӣôãһ۾Ϳ϶װǻ˵һֵǵĹŻ
ֳ޿ɲİһѽ޻ġ

޻ǳͺˡ

ΪߣѾԳֶˣϾٺÿҲÿѰɡ
Сŷ֣̫ˡ
˵Ưվϱߣụ̈ɾµ忡࣬Ӣ̶ֳȣ䵭վԱߣһԲҲߴڸС

־޷ޣСʦڼλиҪء
ޣŶ
ܲ㿴ҵϣȥСʦһˡ

ʲôӣеͷ־ΪԴѽæ޻֮ǰѽܾˣѽҲЩġ
ǰʦ棬ûѻ˵ء

Ҫƽ޿϶Ͱˣڣһת˵ðɣȥʣѽսһ޸ŻĻδʱ䡣

һ⻰־ѾתͷߵڣֻܷİɡλСʦǿ޸ʦ֮ǰǸչγɻŮͼǾСʦɹ޸ġֻҪ϶

ĵ͵ط˸ۡ
Ҫɫ⣬᲻Ĵ˧ʧ飬ôءҪҲǿ˼Ҵ˧ϡ
鷳ˡû뵽䵭˾ȻԼЦ¡

ҲûԥСת¥



ͷ޸Ѿе˲֡ν޸Ҳвͬɱ𷽷ѴСѧģ޾ɡ
һҪһոµĻ
ǳΪһۿȥźسеĹŻ

ѽ㣬޽ϵյȣδӰ졣

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־¸ˣ

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ѵǣ
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˴յֻѾ硣һǳɫƽ˼ͻȻѷĻվУȥ

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ǿһˡ

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ʱ䱲£һϸʵİʲôʱ䱻ǽϣ߳

ѭƫ£ͷڵϵһֻࡣ
ֻʵ̫СɣȻǴӷܵµġ

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ҪֱͻѣҲ֪ܻܲ

ҪҵӣͻȻһѩɽȪɾǰ

ѭϤȥǵǳɫӰʱһ˲Ļ㱡

СԺһÿʱ֦ҶïУһʢһʢġոֻ֦·ѿŲж

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˵˴£³ˣվ·ȻСԺĴ⣬³Ժ䡣

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˭벻ִĳУһСԺһˣܽϴϡ

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ޣŤͷķһ䣬Ŷ׼С˳ʵôˣѽ㡣
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ޡһæ˹ڸʱ࣬ʱ۵С

ɣȥչ˹һֻ˵
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ʱǷˣʲôʱԶֱ׳
ͷ һȴʹȥ

ʱ˫ɾͨ͸۾ӵܹȫĽ޸ʦѡ




6.   6    ˮת



Ⲣңů޵޶ķɣǶ˫ɾͨ͸ŵͷȴƺָСԺƽ˰Ȼ
ʱƺĹ̵ɫתͷ
ķٴΰ

ֻĪˣִ

־ȥϴּ䣬ͼûˣⲻ˳һѺ͸ʱվһ𣬸Ͻǰ˵Сʦ壬Ҿ֪ȻæܲڲԼӡ

ޱ飬ѵıԳƵ䵭

ƽ־Ͻ˵Сʦ壬λǸʱ䱸ڡᣬѾǱѧϵĽڡ
Ϊ֮䣬ǵһμ棬໥ʶ

ոѽܹʱ䱣תͷԸʱ˵ڣλǽҵ޸ʦС㡣
ܱǸ»˰ɡʱڿ֮ĵ׾˴㡣
ƽıԼ뷨

ʱ˴ˮԸ̫ô˱־룬Ӷ׶ϾԷԼС˼¶Сɵرǵ˴ѧÿԲѧмΪġ

رѧɻľʦǶǵţ˻ʦʦ⡣رǸʱĳ࣬˵䲻ģֻҪΧûϹͲܲз

ɸʱ䱾򻨴йƬҶմ
˵ŮѧѧУ£òڵĵŮʦûܸκһš
̫ôܾˡ

ѵ˼Ȼң֪Ҫš

⻰ƣͦй
ڣҪٿǿǡһԵ־żڳҲ˵ģֻ˵Сʦ壬ȸġ
ġҲ⣬˵;ֱ뿪

ʱ䱿ͷҲص뿪΢£μ֪ѵԸ񣬾׾ֵˡ
λС㲻ԡջߣֱӶ־

־ն̬ȣŪеͷԣʵڣǲǾСʦ忴̫ˣû飿

Ӵ治õȻ˵޸ʦУȷʵҪۡⲻҵóλСʦٳġ

֮ǰ־һֱصģδԸʱ͸¶ࡣ

ʱ䱾Ȼ⣬Ͻ˵ҲǺҰҵ޸ʦĿǰҵҵ޸ģ඼רҡ
޸ʦ඼ڹʹǹҼڡ
붯ЩҴʦ֣ǲܵġ

Щһϸ񣬲ΪǮȥ˽

ʱѶһ䵭Įѵ֮⣬ûܹ޸ģ

֪ʦ˭𣿡־Ƴһۣѹ˵ǹһ˳ʦλҲɣǿǹ黭޸ʦ
ȦͿţǧ˿Ƶϵ˵һҡ
Щҵ̩ɽʦ֣ʱȻܹªŵû

رǿĿһ޸ʦĲ롣
Ϊһ㿼ųҪ޸ʦ֣ܸȫʽ档

֮ԴСʦ壬Ϊ֮ǰ޸һ֮ͬҪҪ޸λ֮⣬ûиõѡ־˵

ֻһ˵ţԼҲЩڡ
Ϊλ䣬ӦǸ˵û뵽һˣֱӸ߷ˡ
Ҫ¶ͷ˽ģ治͡

õ
Ͼ˶ˣҪֱˣԵǸڿСʦա
Ǵѵ

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ڿȲ裬ﲻСԺЩʷУķߵĶʽ͸Źϡ
ص׼˵ģò˵ͦóԡ

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ô˵㣬ҲӦö˵˵
˿䵭

־һΪʱûע⣬һСĳùߣҪ޲ɫ
ùЦЦ

ҵʲôշѱ׼ʱ䱲֪־֪ܲ
ҪС⣬
ͺñ˵СðڼſڵҽԺãҪȥ׹רҺšѻûͲµô򵥡

⼸޻ģһ
ûʱһ˵赭дʲôֻǱһ㣬ó˳涴ʲô΢Щƶѣõ֣ǰѻƴȥͻ˰µʱ䡣

ڽѻˣҪֱӿ  

û˵ֻЦӯӯʱ䱿ȥӺ󣬸ʱִĻУĻ˳

ֵݹʱҲûãӹ
ǰĲ輸ϡ

һЦˡ
ΪԭɫŨ޷繤ϸôʵĹŻȴȻʧɫùߡǦȱ⣬ҪǾԵȾۼ֮أɲǸС⡣
ѵͷŻͻȻʵҹ޸

ȸʱ䱻شԹԹ˵ǹزʾɽˮһʼȷʵùߡǦֻҪʱ޸ڣһҵ޸ʦǸ

Լóϵ価ȥŵģһٴθ֡
øʱͻȻڴŷԸǡ
·ӵܸȫĽ

زʾΪɫʧɫڳˮ֮ǰҪȱ֤ɫʵȹ̲Ⱦ֮ǰҵ޸ʦûнùɫ⣬ڻı汻Ⱦ

йĹ黭ɫʵŵдɽˮҲʯࡢʯ̵ȿȾϻƶɵزʻ
黭޸Ҫһ裬ϴ
ˮϴպùߡ

ز黭ϴһѵ㣬ΪҪȹɫϴһʼ޸Ƽ򵥣ʵѣѰ޸ʦҽ֡

ֵʱ΢Ȼһֱ־ѵʵҪۼΪʵ
赭д仰˵ٵ⡣
ò˵黭޸ϣȷʵרҡ

˿΢΢ҡͷúõһϧˡ

Сʦ̫棬ھ֮ǰ˲磬ŰѺúõһŪֻҪϽ֣ߵĳһ⡣

Ѱһۣ־͵ĵǳְʲô˵ˡ

ɳϣ̧ĸʱ䱣ôĿŵţ˵ǵһ޻֪ܲҵĹء
ʱͬڿڣԸꡣ

ǣ޻ءһҲƷ
⣬Ȧ˶˭ҪǸҸƷմϱߣֻ²ǰһӶ
ڶҲ·ӵĻ
ȻĹ֮粻ʢУǺܶ˵
ǾԲ

ֵ°ͣ΢Ÿʱգգ۾˵ǣҲİ˵Ļ

İˣ
ڿʱ۵һĴʱѾףԼ˼ʲײʱװ׾ܾԼĻ

ˮת
ߣˣҲн죡
ǰǰܴ죬˲ֻֽʹ졣

Ƭ̳Ĭ󣬸ʱֱóֻһ䵭ڿ
΢ŵĻİ𣿡




7.   7    Ǹڣ鷳Ҹ



״΢ŴڣҪ΢ţ
֪ڵôߣǸʱ䱵Ѿ˳ȥ

һԵ־ɵ֮ǵһμô򵥣˵ʲô
˼֮£ǵˣȷʵӦ㡣СʦĴˣܼ΢ţ֮õ顣

Ƴһۣѹѹǡ
־Ǹܴģ
л˵

Ҳ֪̲ĵռϷ磬£͸ʱ䱼΢š
֮ͨƳһͷ
֣Ȼһ

ԷԼǰҲû𼱻ǵ͵㿪ȦֻԼȱߣ̧ͷЦ£ǸҲܽĻ



Ա־ſЩȭͷ죬Ǹʱ䱵ıûʲô
ʣΪƷ𣿡

ü֪Ȼ֪

ɷȷʵǷ»߼֣ܹƭˣײܱʶơ֮ôʱڿƣֻϵһӡй¶

ԭӦӢƷ֮治гӢӡ£Ǭ¡ʵ۵ӡ¡
ѿǬ¡ʵӡ£ҡͷϧӡµӡȴԭһ¡
峯ӡôܸһ

Ʒ

־ͷŻʱҲֹ˿û⡣

ڴʱʱתͷǵ˵𣿡
ȻԣȻ־һһߵģǵġ

߳ȥʱ½Ͷѣʣʱ䣬ȥ𣿡
ǿ̫ˣ롣
ȱģǸʱ䱳Ϧദʱ䡣

ȻĽܾĹ¡

˸˼ֱʱ˵ʵǵүү̵Ƹ
Щ졣
Ȼ֪ԷǸʱ䱵үү̲סĵֹһ䣬үүɲ̫ȻüٻƸ

⻹ȷʵԩ˼˼ҡ
Ϊʱ䱽˵̵һж֪顣

ԭҲһҵǹӰŵǧĹ£ʱ䱵үүҲǺ壬ֻϧһǡ
Բ𣬸˵Ȣš
Ե־ĺܣүүʶŵڳֻ̣ǲĸŵĸֶδŮͷϵһ䡣

ĸļȻͬŻ¡
ֱĸĸе֪үүһӢ漣ҪүүֻҪóƸ񣬱ͬǵĻ¡
Ӣ漣εȺϾܡ˹ΪĴҡ

ֻϧʱĶ־û䣬ط磬ôܻصסһ

ΪʱѾ֪٣Ȳü֮£үү̲Ż²ߡʱϿҡ
׸ʱΪʲôҪ־ȥԼ˵
Ͼ˵Ҳȷʵʲô¶

ΣͻȻʵүүʱһҲӢɡ

һСӣŵǧ𰮵ȥԸһٻƭԼˣҪǾޣ˵˵ȥҲֻҪһԭ˰ɡ
úã

˵⻰ҲûݵģϾʱӰҪûڵŴڳôˡ

ʱ΢΢̧üңû뵽ô࣬صȻ
үүʱƬ𣿡ƺΪ֤ʵԼĲ룬ʵ
Ҳ湻ġ

ʱƳһۣ˵Ҳүү̵Ķһֱء
ػѻ
˭֪ʱƺĵ׵뷨˵үүȥ֮㱻լĸҲΪĹȣһֱڹ

ȥ̫̫ܲɷ뿪ĵء
վʹˣҪصᵽ
ȼȥլѰػʱ򣬲ŷ⻭ģ

Լ˶̫̫ع֮ǰ޸á

㲻޸ƷǵһƷҿԸ㱣֤Լҵļ˾Բ顣
ʱ䱽ѣ˫۾˵ʱǲ޾ľͷ
Ҫһȥ̽컡

̲ס¡
ʲô¡
ûʤãʲôûѾ;Լ

˵˵ȥ֣ҪĲǽ䵭ҪˣܻĪҪ˿ǲĮ
뿴鲻Խģ뿴Ƶӡ
һֱԼӲںνİ飬ŮŮʱԵĲǹŻǹż

ЩԴСȷʵϲЩźʷ

Ըʱ䱣˵̫磬ǻ̲סΪ

ͦӵģȴǲò˵֪֮ǹأΪܱ״ơ

ʵЩأΪ˵סĻˡ
ϾƷһر黭棬ʹ֣ȷļ׼רҿԿŸص㣬׼ж
黭ͲȻ黭ļۣܿĳרһ仰ܽһٱľ档

ʱ䱴ʱѾü΢Ǹԭˡ
Ȼǿѵ飬¹ĸԸֻ˵֪ҲǿѣԴ游ߺĸһֱ޷߳ʹҪ֪ٳӣֻ޷ܡ

˼ʹˣ;ɥ֮ʹһֱδ߳
Ҫ֪Ķģ̫̫и̡

ѿ˵Һ㣬Ӧʦزơ

*

޶ĹͿ־һվ棬ͣ
ʦôȥЦʡ
СȻﷳȴҲֲ֪Цˣ־ȻЩûִ磬˼Ҳͦˣ޴С

־ҡͷ˵Сʦ嵥ģžͺˡ

һ⻰ҲվţûʵʦҪҪġ

־ҡͷˣһǰһ˳

ߵſʱʱվͷѣʵţˡ
ǣڣô־еż̲סתͷСʦ壬Ҳˣ⻭Ѿ޻ˡҪǶޣ޸ʦҽˡ

ҲôһƷޣҪǴȥԺҵĹػôѲЦʱԵĮ
һ˫۾Ȼŵ־˵ˡ

ʱƺѾˣŻֱ˵ټ뿪СԺ

ߺվ̾һ
̾ʲôأ޶һͷ
ѽ㣬ô˧㶼ҪܾѾûӰԷĴţ̾Ҫ㿴ô˧ķϣͰѻ˰ɡ
ѣ

ΣŤͷʣ˧
ǵȻˣֻҪģÿɣ޳ûӣһţ˫ֱȻ£㿴ôߣô

ѽô
ð޺ԥĵͷֻһ͵ؿѡ

ޱµ鷢һ˿Цݣҵġ

һĨʧʣҹɫȻ١תһֹǵ޺罫类īˮȾĻȾþ
Ժݽˮ

ֱԺţ
ڿ޶⣬Ÿż˵š
»ڸ¡

ѷˮһߵſڣ򿪴š

ʱ䱾վ⡣

ĿԣЦ˵Ұɡ
ɱǸС

ȷʵԼİʾֻҪ²ȥԸ˦־»ˡ
ʱûݹʵⲻỵĹأ
ǣͦԭ

̧Ժӵżվǰ㲻ƭˣͲƷǸڼ﹩͵ķ»
ҲƷǿ޷»

˵ţѶԼһиɻ߼Ц
ɻŷ磬Цʱ˫ͨ͸ֱ׵۾Ⱦ˼ǸյóѳɹСꡣ
Զ̹
Զôֱ׳

Σʱ䱽Ļϻ˹ѽס

ѣ㱣ֻ֤֮ܣһḺصס
˼ȻǣΪ޻飬ᱣܡ

ǵܡ
ѱ˵ȡˡ

ǱάһѣЦ£̶˵Ǹڣ鷳Ҹ𵽵ˡ




8.   8    ҪҪ

ڰ

ȻѽҲԹͷһޣҪٵȵȡ
ڸʱ䱵̣Ҳһ²ܻ
ʱϣüġ

ĩʱ޻޵࣬ʵ޻Ҳûʲô涨ʱ䣬ֻϲ޻
ţﰲֻĺ
ָڻֽĦɳɳ졣

˯磬Ҳû

ֱű򿪣ȻһӰŴصֱֱסڱѣҵѡ
ҰӴȥ֮ǰ
һĮЩڵķ

ɲҲ棬Ͻվڴߣҵѣⶼˣ㻹˯

۾ϻ֣䴰ڵʵʵ
˯еǳԶڹҪܸߡ
ӴִֽͷȥֲŪɢŵĳ

Ҿ˵ϵ̫ϧˣʱ˹ڶ棬һһ߸п˵Ů𴲵ʱû㣬ղͷĶô覣

Уǣ˷ɡ
ϵѶû̧ͷҲĮ˵


ίһû˵أôһܾ

˵ģҪܾġ

Įû취ˡ
һлҪȥ֮ǰ˵˵ҲɣȦһŸһƬһֻҪѵȦȻǵ
вﰵ̽Ϣˡ

ڵ̨иͬȦĴŮ˭

ǵ̨ĽĿ߻Ȼͬ¶ǿȦŮģƯˣǺܺ
ҹۣ˼ҲƯҹҲţƣרҵ޸ʦ

仰ȻɲɱƬ
̨˻ᣬ˵ǽĽĿҪйͳĻķƬûõأϹèײӡ
رѣƬãֱү͸Ĵġ

ϾͷʲôְҵֻҪŮմϱߣױ졣
ѵְҵ޸ʦ
Ů޸ʦ񡢴أЩʻںһ벻ڵȤС

ƬùģΪ㣬һ¼Ƭ

Ƭ˵ˣҪһȡڹʹļ¼Ƭֻ¼Ƭע޸ʦ޸ʦΪ㡣϶Ǹ

ͷϵң򿪡
ⴰڹȿãпһ䡣
ԭ谵ķ䣬ΪĻȿֺĴ룬˲

ⲻбʰۡ
ƿ𴲣߽ϴּ䡣

ˢʱſűߣʵʵ罻ýʱ㿴ƽ̨кöƵù粩㴩·ɱˡ
Ѹˢˮϴϴ
۵Ŀпѽôôס

Ƭ˵˶ܸ꣬һжԽǮΪأûģ˵ܳ޸ֻΪסǹʷĻ
˫ִϴ̨ϣһЦˡ
˵ƬӦôҵշѱ׼

޸ʦְҵҪ˵׬Ǯ̸ϣõľȶһ˻ݻߴԱտ϶û⡣
ҹȦӣǮմߣҶ..̸Ǯ
ѾͲһǸҵ޸ʦ

֮ûȥĹһΪ׬ǮԼҪ
СԺի⼸ѸٻܵԭʼƸ

ֵʵӵ
ϴϴּֱֽԱߵñ䡣СԺ۳ʷУеװȴһ㶼١
Դͨ䣬ñ˸ֹ·ֻһСǼҾճ

һ򵥵ëºͳ㣬ž˵˲ΪװľˣܳΪװǸˡٶ࣬Ҳһĭ
ϲģԣⶼֶΡ

ԣùȰʲô¼Ƭ

ѻ·¥һʼ׼͡
ųԷʱʱ㿪΢ţû뵽ȦСͷ񣬾ȻǸʱ䱡㿪Ȧʱһǰתһš
ǹڱѧϵĿȡþ޴ͻơ

ˣϴ˵Ǹ˧ôˣͻȻ뵽ʵ
ѣⲻڿȦ
ʲôʱ΢ŵģ𾪣ֵ԰

չֻĻʵĸ΢ţ
ѣͷһ
ôѽʱ²ԣҲõްɣʼ⣺ĿеĴڸС

ƽȦ»ˣôء

ҪҪ
ֻ򹷣ŻÿȦްɡ
ִַУѻ

ϸĥ£ʱԲۣѽ
汻۷ˣԾҪ֪ȷʵǸĸһ滳ǸҲ̫ܵˡ

ĶĶ
층ʱ䱱ʱǲ汾¡

ֻһ棬ĵ׻ô
ͦڴġ

*

֣ͷһųδȥĺУ԰ϴ˸顣԰ﳣֲÿƬҶӶɫֻǿɲһɵζ
¥£һ˵Ůš
¶ҲȥŮ¥¡

ÿⶰ¥߳ߵĵһ㣬¥ǿôվŵˡ

㣬㣬һӰӴܳ
ϸһЬϵЬûüϵϡ

ѿźԽԼǰվͷɨۣ䵭ѣЬ
ԲۣԽԼİЬڵһȦ˲ɫһһ߶ϵЬ̧ͷʵôԹһˡ

Ҫˣѷʡ
ǰӺԽգΪȥûڼңԸһֱû
ⲻռĹֱˡ

ȻҲе֮ⲻھƵ˼

ۣرְ찡ԽӹѵݹĺӣȥĿҪ棬޲׼ڡ
֪ǸԪأ֪ġ
Խһ߿һߺ㣬ְرôģ

еʱ򣬺Խ˺üѣû
ֱѵȻ˵Ǯ
Խ˲䱻ֵ塣

㣡Ǯԣ

㣬ԷɣȻĩԽҲÿѧһſڴտգϦľٷ롣
ȥʳֳԷ˭֪ȴֱ˵ȥѧУʳðɡ
ʳʲôóԵİ

ԽԼٿ٣Ҳί㡣

ȴʵȥʳá
Ҳаɡ
ѧУʦһĸʳãͻȻʡ
Խ£иԷʦȥǱߣôˣ

Ƿ㣬һ˵ֻҪѧУȥԷ
ѿʱ䱽ĿαпΡ¿֮ӦûֱȥԷɡ
߰ɣȥ˵

㣬ȥʦֻǸԽ;òԾ֮ǰ飬׷ʣ֮ǰҸʱ䱽ڵĿγ̱

ò˵ܿϱѧˣǸɵӡ
ѣĿΡ
㻹ҪĿΣԽ֪ѵְҵȷʵЩϵţ 

˵˱ԷΪרŶԽְŵģнʦ۸ͨʳ΢㣬ԵѧǺܶࡣ
ͦģѰŲ˵

ֱԱߵĺԽ𾪵˵ڡ

Ų˵ѣͬ˿ذ㣬תͷƳ˹
ȻͿվںԽһĸʱ䱡

ʲôԵ֣
ǣ
ִӲŵˣĪǰ˺ߡ

ʱҲǸսˣû뵽Ϳѣվк

ѼͺԽϣͣᣬұܺԽ
Խʲô
ʱ䱵Ȼߣûᡣ

±ƵĺԽĵźûиʲô

Ϊѧѧû˱˽⣬ʱѧУﵽжܻӭ
ΪʦҲռѧУǽŮȥףԼõĿ顣

ҲԷЦӯӯ
ʱ䱵ͷ
ѵû˵ʲôʱҲߵԱߴȥ͡
ֻ֮󣬾

ô£ԷôǴСôĵԸû뵽˴ѧһ

Խ㣬һ±ƣʲô
־ȥڴ˭˵ûģ׿ڴ

Ҫͳʱѹסֱۣ˵Ҳôɣ
ô죿

ںԽѹ²͸ݵһʱվڴڵĸʱ䱣ת䵭ڣҪʲôˢҵĿ
Ƕ಻ѽ

ԽһתȻ΢ǣЦŶԷδˡ

ҵһҪƼһ£Ȼߵʱ࣬·ǲһԡ
ʱû˵
ѵͷϵĲȣֱӶԴ򷹰˵鷳һݣҪһģһġ

ʱ䱲ѸǮԽҲ˷
ŪúԽܳллڣһͷһǮ
ʲôǮ´븵ڳԷˣֱŸʱ䱣һЦҪȻ֡

Խûʣʲôʱڲֵġ

Ѵ⣬ͣ´βֵˡ
һȥһԳɹγԷᡣ

˴극Զ̣׼λ£ڴʱžһ죬ԽĶһſƬڵϷ
Ŀ⣬ԼͬĿ˹ȥ
һУ԰

ƬƬһ÷棬ƬϵĺԽһŸղμѵɹĺЦá
ôɣ
ôɣ



ҲĪڴ˰ɡ

ΧĿ·ʯˣƳۣѾȫʯĺԽһб 

ûüڣߴһ䵭Ȼⲻҵˡ
ѣ

˵Ҳôɣ
ⲻҵˡ
ˣɡ




9.   9    㿴˵ʱǻ᲻

ھ

ʦǣѺʹ۵ʱҪô˳£Ҫôױͬ棬Ҳ
ֻαĲѣǺԽ

ֻһ
ŸʱȻȻڣʵƭҽġ
΢΢ü

ڣҲ֪ѧÿѾô㣬ĩʵ̫ˣԷͬѧĿ
ҽѧУҾңƭ㻨Ǯ
治ǹƭٷġ

һˮĽͣѲ֪ʱûţˡ

˿ٿԽࡣ
ôְ죬û
ؼʱ򣬻ǵ׽ܡ

ջߣѷָʱ䱾Ȼڿ޹գգ۾ĳڣһúý֪ƭǲõġ

θʱûӾˡ

ԽѶߣ˵㣬˵ڻ᲻ƭӽ
ͼ֣ƭƭȡ
Ͼղڸڵ۾˳

ᡣѹϵ
Խ棺Ϊʲôô϶

еΪֻãϷ
Խ
ҿûѡڵĿΡ

ԽҲһ£ʣ㣬ǲǡ
š
Խ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
޷ǾǲǶԸʱкøУֻ͸ʱʲôϵ

ڼߵʱѾʱѵѣһ㡣

ߡĮ

ֱӽӷڸʱ䱶棬Խü۵Ա£Ҳ˵ͷǸɷ
п𣿡°΢̧װġ
ʱȻûʲôξȻӵĿڣС

ƭӡѺ𴩣ŸʱеĿα
ȻҪ鹦ڱѧĸ·Ů
Ϊǵ˽ףʱһѧڵпγ̣˳ȻУ̳ϣϲʱ䱵ѧʱΡ

ֻ˵꣬еˡ

Ϊʱ̧ͷȻû˵ȴ͸¶һ仰˵ûң

֪Ŀγ̱ѿ̹Ȼֱ˵ΪԽʵ˿˵ʵһʼѧĲǻѧǿš
һĹĵĺԽԼֱἰãȻ̧ͷ

Ƭ̣϶ͷԣڣرϲĿΡҽҲ޸ģһֱͿŶܸȤҲŻȥ̳еĿγ̱Ҫȥһڿŵо
ԽãڵԼȫʤΣһ治Ĳˡ

ڣʱƽڣϲڻԽ㵽ҵĿϣʱ㻹Ըһμҵĩԡ
ʲôЦ
ѧУ˭֪ϵλ˧ĸڣͬʱҲڵġ

Ϊѡε̫࣬вˮ㣬Ҫӽˡ
Ըʱ䱵ĩԣѡ
ּϸֵ¹ҵһһ

ÿĩѧУѡʱܳɹѡܻӭĽڡ

ںԽɹӺֻһͨ𼱻ǵʲôѧУ汻ײˣҵңϾ͹

ڣ㣬ѧУ汻ײˣҵȥȥҽԺ
Խɫ档
ѣº͵ףտ

Աߵĸʱ䱣޻˵

*

һ뿪ֻʣˣû˸ղŵ־
ѼҲ˵⣬ʣҲң޵ôˣ
㲻˵޸һʱ䱻ͦȻġ

΢΢һƲǣ˻ͦϹġ

и׷ԲԵϽ·ʱѵڴкڡ
ʱţϽڴ̫ãע⵽Աߵѡ

һǰ䵭飬Цӯӯڣá
ƯЦһɨǹУøС

ϽڼһԷ˳˵ŮһԷأ
üŶ

ʵҲϽᣬʱƽԺǽԺõĿģŮദᡣܸһԷعϵ㹻׽
оǣһ飬ʵ̫Ƕˡ

Ǹʱ䱲ϵģ˵ǣֻѡ

ŶŶԣϽû뵽Լ˵ˣһЦ뿪˲

ȸʱתͷͼֱֱЦ˵ԭѾˡ

ֻǸ˵仰תƻ⣺㵱ΪʲôҪѡţ
أʱΪʲôѧ޸

ѣڼѧԨԴүү޸ʦݿ֤үүүүǰ峯͢޸ʦء
ʱſӵ֣΢΢һ١
⵽˰ɡ

ѹ֡
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˵ʲôȦӣ񻹱ǰĴͳ
ȦӣȻһ

޸ʦְҵɻʦͽĴͳ
ǹʹĹһҲ⡣
ѵ䣬ʦѡӦù̩ɽ

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Ϊ汲޸ʦŵ԰ݽʦ¡
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ɵ˵仰ʱֱףɢе͡
ֻ˼סͽ

õġ
Ųɡ

Σʱ濴ãջߡ

أûпȥΪʲôԼʱҲһζĳ׷ɽˮһöʵף˵Ϊʲôѧţ

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층ʱɽòƷȻסɽϣǳԴöȣүү׼ãɽ

Ŷڸţԭַþڴҵũ档
Ǿ͸ũЭ̣Ͻַŷ

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ͷĿŶӣһֱڸԷ
øʱӡ̵һ仰
Ϊ˻ԭȵ·

ԣǾÿ˺룬Ӷϲ˿ţѷ¿ӣȻﶼ˵Ļռݣȴ΢
ҽǶȵŮˣԶ

ʱ䱷¿ӣ˹ģǳԵһ٣ʳ֭֮⣬Ǹɸɾ
α΢е˵仰ͱһ¿ư

岻ǰ£ˣ˫ɾͨ͸۾ֱ۵ǱӽСʯӵ峺棬ˮǳǳ
أ̲סʵ

ǸŶӵӣŻչޣżչ޲ڱڵϡ
Ǿôֱıңû֡
˵̰

ʱѣͻȻ˵Ǹִ̫𣿡
ǸչޣҲΪӵ˽˲Ϊ˱ò׳ðűзϵķգ֡

ᣬѵȻ˵Ϊ
ɷϣ޸һıǮ
Ҳ֪һԸһȥھ򡢷Щûʱ϶ʷƬ

ǳЩʷƬĴڡ

ش𣬸ʱ䱵ͷЦ£ΪҲٵĸʱ䱵뷨
ǿ˵ȳϡ

һοʱôЦ΢
ͦ˵ġ
ѳ׷ʣΪѧŵģ

Լ¡˭֪ʱ仰վ

΢΢Ʋ죬֪ʵԼ
ҲԵòˣ׷

߳ѱʲôš
˭֪ûʱͻȻŤͷ˵޸ʦǲҲְҵ

ڹԼ
û뵽һٳ˵ĹϵȻԾʽ
ҲûܳԺӻأ΢³һЦȷʵС

ģȷʵ˻ˬ
Ѿã⣬ů͵˷顣

㿴˵ʱǻ᲻Ծƫʱƽ͸ôϣְҵļ׵⣬㻹ǳ翴ҽɡ
á硢ҽɡ
ѣ

裡
ǲԾƫ
ΪǶ




10.   10    ţеͷ

ʮ

ģأϢǸд¥ˣûһ˿һиھһ̶ȣ˾ãЪϢһӣǶԼĲΡ
ڵ̨ߴϰ칫¥Ĺͬ뷨

Ȼʱ䣬ҲûϢץʱ޸Ĳ߻

Ƭ˶µķǲ⡣
ȻУжԹûи㶨ѵĲ
֪ѵԸϲģԲı䡣

ΪۣѹҲ˷ʱ䣬ֻȰƬ˸Ͻİɣ⻰Ҳֱ˵

۾ŵԣָڼϷʱϵֻˡ
ιⶢŵԣҲûֱֻӽͨ

ǵ̨¥£ɣȶѵڶ

̲סֻĻõ۾֣Ůѡ
ȷʵѵıע

ڵ̨¥£ŵķһ䡣
ѣ¥¿ȵꡣ
˵⼸֣һཱུæ

˲ϷˣϽ棬˵¥

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Ҳȷʵѡ˸俿λá

߹ȥƤ΢ƣŶ˵°ͣıʽ
ְѪҺıʽ

º󣬿ǰǱˮпҪôɣֻ͵Ƭˡ
ҲѶӣһˮ

֪Ѵȣκδ;ƾĶ
˵κλƻȶеĶС
ƣֻҪû޸ʱʼմס

ʲôأѼ̲ͣסʵ
ϳŵʱҲ˰̫û߳
һһ

ЦЦҲƤôһ£Ͻʵôĵĵ̨ң

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ʱ䱵һΪԺĵĻûʲôһʲôѣȻҪ²۵ĳ嶯

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ٴζӣסԼĮ졣
úúãҲЦˣ֣ƲסԼ

Ц꣬ͼʵôЦ
ʵ˵ҲǺܺЦһ㣬һЦ

˵ţ̲סҪЦˡ
ڲ࣬ҲǾ̫Цˡ

ȻãһֱΪ޸Ūְҵ˵ЦסΪǣôشģ
ⷴ˴˿̹ĵ顣

ָڱϣȻĿǿ˼ѾԶ

ʱʲôӦô˵ŵġ

ʼǷŭĳ̶ȣȻһǣάס棬Ȼ˵ʵãְҵûôء
Ȼô졣
ѲҪֱ˵ƫΪҴΪһ˫۾ȻûУϹġ

Բ⻰˵ڡ
ȻȷʵǺ롣
Ҫ

ѳĬ󣬹ڼοʵɣҲ̫ⶥֱ˵㡣ĶŮ˵˼ôһĻڿ϶ûʲô龭
һЦͻͦģ϶Ǻ

ѱݵģ΢΢һ
̫Ӧˡ
ͲǺ

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ɫÿ˵㣬𿧷ȣ˿ڣ̲ס˵ʵһͦڵģҸоԴʶ֮رһ
б˹ȥôһ
ر𡭡һʱҲ׼ݴʣ˵ðɣҲԾ˼ȥΣԵر

ǣһЦ
ϤģʽЦŵùһ¡
Ѻԥ룬ζɡ

ûôţȻϷϣȴ

ʵҲû˵۳࣬ûģپΨ͸ɾǡô
ɴʱûʲôģҲױӰ졣
Ϊѧ޸ʼүү͸޸ҪľҪġ
ʱˣʲôǵġ

ˣҲûʲôıˡ
ڲһˣÿἰǸʱҲգջҲգҲգʻ鶯

ŵ˵类עꡣ

*

磬ɻ㳤ҹĻ̨Ļ֪ʱȻ١¥֮ϵİ£ɢ͸˿Ĺϣ·ȿҹ绹Ҫ

¥õĵƹ⣬ѾˢˢС

ʱѧԶĸҽԺԶңңܿڴ¥˵ҽԺɫĵơ
ҵңֻʣֵԱ

ǿߵҲŵƣʿ·ʱֿۣҽôû°ء
Сʿ没ϵˣĿԡ
ͬώһ飬һº͸ˡ

æ˵Сʿ⻰ˡ

ӵͷŰ߼ĸʱ䱣ЦСƽʱ°ûô˼ʲôء

ʱüͷ΢Ҳû˵
ੲݵţˡ

Ȼ֮ſ·˺üƯСʿ
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һ˵ҽǸˣһѷȫ˹

֮ǰ˼ˣǹǿƳˣ˵
ںѵĴȤʱ䵭ǹǿҽͿġ

ƽʱҲûôֻ࣬ʱ䱻٣Ҫһ飬˵㣬ǿֻʣ˳Ĭ

˵ҲᣬôԼ壬˽һ죬֮ǰ㸴飬㻹ĵġ
ָѯ˼

ָĲЦ£˳ȭͷڸʱؿڴ£˵쿼ţҲû壬ؼôʵ
ġʱƳһۣ˹ĸԼϵӡ

ָȳƶ޳һһŦϵţֱϵ

Ҳ绰ңרֱ۵Ļָ㲻Ҹ̻ظ绰ɣȻǶѣӻز˵˽
ǶԷĸףҲѯ

ʱ䱣㡣
Ӽô䵭ȰҲְ̽ţ㿼ŹȻҪֱӴɽˤµȷʵ̫ˡҿֻˤ˸첲

ԭǼǰʱڽҰţַʱɽˤ¡
ֱ۹ۡ
û߼ˣַԭأ׼ֹ

˭֪¶ĸ֪һ绰ϵͶϵﲻ˵
Ȼ˴˹
ϵͿŶǱ߹ͬͣĹ

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˵ȷʵ˧ԸҲãʱ䱲һ
־ʿˣŮ
ǰҽԺԶſ

ǣֻһˡ
ʱ̧±ǣΪ䵭Ҫ

֪ôĸԸҲ⣬ǿǴɿ꣬ϴѧӤ

˿һʰһ˵ҲҲŻӰ࣬㸴졣ҳԷ
š
ֻһ䵭ĻӦĸʱͻȻʣ£

ʲô£Ӱϰ״
ʱ䱴ڷԼ׵Ӱ𣿡
ǿ϶İ㿴ھôʵ嶼ǽ״̬ǹǿǰ컹Ӵһˣʮ꣬͹ˣ˵Ҳҡ

֢ⷽ״ǲҪҽʱ΢΢ü
ӣǿ϶ģ翵ԽֻԽء

ֻԾˣŸʱ䱣ʮֿ϶˵㲻ǰԼʵİɣ
ҪԼ飬αôĨǡ

ʱû
ⷴӵĺ棬ζǰ˭ʵġ
һˡ

ӣ
Ȼ֪һˡ

ϸ˿ʱ䱵ı飬ɵȻ˼ʣôڳֱ飿Ѳɻͷۣ

ʱɱĳѵ
Σ䵭𣺡ţеͷۡ




11.   11    иڵء

ʮһ

ի
λڱĹг֣ʮǰģʱֵĿӣȫŶ⡣ÿ·ӣ˳̯ΪŶ岻

Ҷʱûϡ
ֵʱһֵĽȫͳһ滮ƹ滮£ȫ½˷޺װΡ
ߵǷ¹Ž

ڵ¥һȦϣģʱﲻԶʤãҪϺõĻƻľ
ӣЦ¡

⣬̰æģѵճڼ޻

⵽ĩʱ䡣
̷Եһˡ
ӣһϣһʵ

ԭ֮ǰ̽һ⣬иͻһѻƻӡ
˭֪˶ھȻϵҡ

صѹ¡

ԲŪˣЩûڣȻãû˻Ϊá
һͷĽСɰΣ185̣θߴ˶

Ǳ˵˼죿һҲûżʵ
˵ʮ졣

Ĺģ˵󲻴˵СҲС

𿴾ôһӣ۸ȴͣѾ˰
Ҿļ۸Ȳ̴ľǻƻľƵƵˢ˳ɽۡ
֮ǰȥμӵһᣬһƻľɽ۳ǧ
ĩӣϧͿϧǵΡ
йϲ˫ϲ˵μ۸ϻԿ㡣

ôӣǲ£ֻǴΪչʱǲŻ֡
һ˵Ǵղط£תҡ

˵ʵղطѾ˺ܾáϳ˵⣬żһŶҹζ࣬ҵʽ¡
ӶǮţ 
ϣȻľźӲȦŲˡ

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̣һʮ򡣡

ȦΣĻһѾİȻģ۸
ɼȷʵ˲ٹ

ΧתȦƴαͷ˼𣿡
ʦˡ˵
λʦרоľרңŶҾ飬мҡ
Ҫǣѵʦ֡

û취ѵʦԷʦƽཻЩˣǺʦ֡

ʦּģǾûü١

̣ҪǻʦԿڣҲô³ç֡
ȷʵյż˵㣬Ҳ׬ͷ
Ҹλһٰʮ⻹ûӶء

չһʮ򣬹һ۾ܾ׬ʮ
ҲԸҵʣҲҪӵ⡣

ڹղС꣬ɽʽҲࡣԻ˵ʣԼʱ仹ȥС
ǵĵʷҲǿ׵ġ

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ѼգЦʲôһʮӣȥ𣿡
óֻ˸绰

ϡͰһ
ѣаƻľȦΣ򣬽ߡ

÷֮ûΪ˵ıܣڵһپʮ򡣡
򡣡
洫˸һһپʮѣ峯ƻΣҲٶÿ˾ӪɱɣҪ̫ˡ

ѲŲףǼʵȥĻϳɽһѻƻ洺ʣСʮ򡣡

ѵͷipadϰٶȳϢ
÷֮һڣǸǻѣϰɣôעңʵ͵͵Ұɡ

Ц仰Ե˵
ͷ
öôģң۸񣬳ңû˻Ӧ㡣÷֮ӴпڴͷΧǾƵ꣬ϴּﴫ

÷ִ֮Ӵͷһ֧̣˸Ǯ
䵭Լߡ
Ҹ͹

ֻû仰ˡ
𡢱ҰôæܲܰһССæء
˵

÷֮ϰԼ̬ȣ˿⣬ֱ˵ⲻǿҪĻˣ׼ԤȣǰԱдƻᡣûŮ顭
СѺԥܾ
÷֮ΣѣʵһֱãˣĻ̫ϧˡ

һʼҾ˵ֻ޸

УμаɣƻвٴмĲؼңܶղƷҪҿ׵޸ʦ
ȻѲϲӦ꣬÷֮˵ϣǵͷӦ

˵绰ѳһЦʮ֣¸㷢𡣡
겻ţųꡣ

̳Ĭ
ôİѼ飬ЦҲҪӽǮˣ
ҲΪңǷ÷顣ʵ˵ҾӦǸ÷Զ㡣 
̶֪÷֮һֱЩ飬û뵽Ȼô

ΪʲôӦ֪Ҫ÷֮Ҳн졣

ѳé®ʱʵ̫ˡ
ᵽ˲ףκιصĹŻ޸

ҲʱԵɺ£ʶ÷֮Ҳ÷֮ǣߣ޸ǸγġɻŮͼ

֮ѣ˼־ʲô޸ңǹ͢޸ʦְ޸ʦһ˳£ǸɶҼȽȽ޸š
˷
÷֮֮иԼκһ÷ϼʵо˾ϵ

ᣬ̶û÷֮ҲɻΪõ޸ʦ
ѿţЦлл㣬̡

⣬֣ǹַǷ
Ҳݵ

ᣬԼģ

*

߼ǼƵھٰһƷᡣ
ݻѾվ˱ͣмյˮƣɢŰĹߣ硣

μӵˣǼʵVIPͻ
ݻľƻᣬǵݣҪȻÿ޶ѣǰ׽

Ҫʼʱ١
ѾȻǾƻᣬҲǸ˽Ʒᣬ˵кö֡
ſʱ÷֮ӭ÷ܣ

ףŶԷߡ

һ·ϣڲߵˣ̲ס
ȻȱʢװˣڴŸʽ̫̫ԼǧһɫֹۣƤ壬尼͹µߣյ쾡¡
ͷûرһͷڷһ֧򵥵
Եֶˡ

ˣܳʲôطĿ⡣

ߵʱһ˿װŵ÷֮࣬ÿһλá

ˣ÷֮Ӹ
÷֮ô˵˷׷׿

µˣǹͣ˶ϲƷ̽УǴؼҡ
ֱ÷֮˵λһ£λ޸ʦС㡣

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ϾҵڵȷʵС

ܿ죬ῪʼŲȲϳϣ̨ĻҲʼˡ
˵оϲ˭û뵽ƷƷȻˣһʱ䣬ֻг

ֵطһֱûʲôθڣټ÷֮æкУóִֻ΢š
΢ŵĺѺ٣ڸʱ䱵ͷۡ

ѣڣѧУ𣿡
Ȼûʲô

֮ǰҲŸϢԸżлظҲ١
̨ϵƷھ۵Ȼʱ
ϵֻ¡

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Ѷظ˺þãڽͣΪʲôôòŻԼ΢ţ

Ѵڸ
ʱ䱣
ӣҲȫӡ
ѣڿһȺŸ
ʱ䱣

Ҫ˽Ը񣬹ʺţѰɾһ
ѣȲμһƷᣬ峯Ļ
ѣѾ۵򡣡
ѣǶࡣ

ʱ䱣Ϊȡ
ѣҲ𸻣ҵĿǱĹ󻧡

θʱ䱲˵ˡ

ѣĺģձںâ̱ϣһɡ

ʵɷַĸʱ䱣ֻϴ
ȿԷϢԺﾹȻͲԾ֣ʱеСͷģ

ѣڣԹ𣿡
ʱ䱶ϢֿϢգһ֡

˿ϣʦϵĴ£ʽɽ

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ʱ䱣ûС
գգۣ飬һЩЦ

ʱʱڼ򵥻ظǸ
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Ըʱ䱵롣

һ̣ûС֣бԶ֣
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ҪԼȥĻһ䣬Թ˴¡

ǣͷ÷֮˵ҵˡ
ڣ÷֮ȡ
ѵͷ

ʲôôżͲƳ𣿡÷֮üһûиܼλĴؼأ߻и˽ܵС;ƻᡣ
ղžһλؼңѯѡ
֪ѰǮܾĺûᡣ

С
һ룬Цõиڵء




12.   12    ôصĶ´α𡭡

ʮ

һдУڱѧĿϵʵʱ£ҹ紵¶Сϡ
Ϊ˺ÿûд˿ࡣ
Ȼֶʱøۡ

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ҹڲࡢζǰ
Ӳʱܲ߰ɡ

û뵽ƻϲϱ仯ԺеĲ컵Ļ棬ǰ赲
Žŵÿϵ˲ˢ

ҹĻļڣΧ޼ɵϮֻվһСᣬѾ͸оԼֱһ㱡ĸ
΢óֻ׼ʱ䱴绰

Ҫòͨ΢ͨʱһ¥ĵһѧôų

ѳݣֱ¥
Ϊ¥Ҫңû뵽һ¥ͿǼʵŵƣƺ

ߵſڣ£ͼ׷תͷ
ѿ䵭ʣʸʱ𣿡
Ҹڵģ
˶һۣһԥ˵ڣڰɡ

ŶԷ̫óˣһ۾Ϳ顣
óֻ˻ӣȻǸղҷϢ˵ʵҡ

˿ŵʳС
һˡ

ղſǸ˵һֱʵ飬Ϊأҹڸʵɡ
ѲЦʱʵֱ̫׶Եѹȸʮ㡣
ڣѾվ˵Ұȥڣһ¸ڡ

*

ʱʵԸ͹һƬгɷַЩƬǴ֮ǰǸĹַǨƳġ

ֱˤ֮ԺͣԭַĿŹ
뵽ڵʵҿš
ЩϢͲɼҲҪ

ڣƿţû˷ԽأղŸòʦĸɣ˵ſ
ңʱü
ܿ죬üͷ£ʣ˭

ôʣҲЩ֣ʵ˵ûüʡ
ڣʱ䱷ﶫ˹



ʱɻվſڣǸµЩ˵ҪȽŰɡ
˵꣬ʹͷЩҿ
ȤĴΧʵʵʲôģ

ʵҶרǶŵLEDƣһһε壬ʵյ硣ŵĶž޴̨ŸƬ
Ա߰ž޴һ˶
ǰĲϣűǩ

ʵңҪɷַС

һᶨĽŲҪ˵ȥĻ
Ҳʱͷ˹ȥ

ʱϻŰ״ӣûʲô͵İ״ӣȴǱ޳ͦεĳƹϣյ䡣
û뵽Ȼܼ״ӵģ
һ˲䣬ʱָоٴγ֡

İ״Ӿ΢ţ¶ϴĺɫƳͳ㣬ŦɹĿ۵Ϻᴦһ̡
˿Ϸģ·һ綼Ը¶
ʱܵĽУ˲Ҫ̽ĸࡣ

ʱ֮ңĵطͣ

һͣ£֮ǰʳ֪ûԷصع͡
ʱ䱣ãҲ
Ϊڱǰٻܸӡ

ѹȻǽˣ̫ºˡ

˵ᣬֻ֮䣬ǻе룬
Ҳȫ顣
ѣ㲻˵㻹ûء

ʱ䱴ҪٿڣһϸĽףͻأĴߡ
ѴŰɫۣɱɫӨģ¶СƤǱһϵԣ͸ϸɰİ𪡣

ֻ״˿̣΢ɼĶ¡
ġ
Ȼ滹һף׳ȣס¶Сȡ

ʱ߹ֽӹʳУ߰ɣȥҰ칫ҡ
⻰΢
ʲôû˵ԹԸȥ

*

ʱ䱵ʵҲһ¥ⶰ¥Ӧۺϴ¥иʵңҲнʦ칫ҡ
¥ʱ䱴һ칫ҡ
û뵽Ȼһ칫ҡ

ȻС˵㣬ֻһΣпǽߵһС
űŲ顣

Ŀ⼫ٵڷɨһȦʱѾߵ칫ԣľУϡ
һ죬ѽջء
ŵĿյңϡ

գգѽ֪ʣڣΪʲôյ𣿡
ʱ䱿һۣ䡣
ѣ
Ӳ
˵һһ

յ֮ԭ쬵ӣůҲ¡

߹ȥæȥĺӡ
˭֪Ҳãֱָ˹ȥеĲһֺůָⴥһ˲䣬Ȼ

Ϊڵůµ壬Ȼ¡

ʱתͷ
һֱ׳ѣڨڨڣΪ̫ůˣҲ̲ס¡Ϊ֡
ôûϢ

ûô룬ʱ䱽ջء
ðɣʵҲô롣

ȶóʱ䱾ͷ֣Ⱥܶ࣬;ҲݡʲôûУ˼Ȼҡ
ûȿ˵Ÿʱ䱿

Ҫſ˻᲻Զʳ

ֻʱ΢ͷ˹Ľ⿪ۣȻڰȥ
ѶִݵĶֱ̧ͷʣ𣿡
ûȵ仰
š

ΪԼˣҲ̫䵭ˡһ룬ʱǰĿӣִ׷еĸӣŨҵζڶ
һʳСѣȻо˼

԰ɣΪʱԵʱȴ׷ǰ
˫õĿӣ˷ϡ

β˺þã˵ղϷŪң
ˡʱ䱺ĳһڷ

ðɣҲû¶
Ӳɡ
˿졣

ڰ칫Էʵ̫˿յֱѴƳĬʵֻ졣
ţʲôʱɵġ
˵ͬеŮ𣿡

ò˵ʵĵָ
ʱ䱵ű飬̧û

ʵڿˡѲΪ⣬Ͼôϲţһ־ͬϵ˵Ůѣʡ
˵ٽ磬һУ⣬ܰ㡣
ȻƯҲҪ

һܰƯŮѡ
ѾͲѱǩԼˡ

ʱ̧ͷһ˵һʶˣϲƯ··ൽñ䡣
⻰ת̫죬һͷˮ
ֱ˵ôϲ·͸ü޸÷𣿡

ѣ
ǳˣ˵䵭ֻΣıʰɡ

*

극֮󣬸ʱѻȥ
һ·ϾȻʱİһֱû˵

ֱͣСԺſڡ
³ڹϳǰ˵ڣллһ
ʱףӦл

תƿԺţ˽ȥ֮󣬸ʱ䱵ĳ

һ޾ʵѽ㣬ôģôûҸȥ㡣
ʱһġ΢̧°͡
֪Ըʱ˼ȤʵڽҲȥˣ

ǡ˵꣬¥
޸˷䣬ôģ

ûش𣬶ȥⲱϵŦۣ˵Ұ˯һ£ȥϴ衣
һֱŸ߸Ьڻؼһߡ

ް˯ùʱѵǰͻȻ˵ѽ㣬ؿڵѹأ
ѹרϵ׹Σƽ˳·
Ҫǣ·ʱѹΣҡҷˣζ

ѹһˡ۵˵ᶪ˰ɡ

룬Цοû£һġ
޲Ŀصģ
˵ֱù˯£ԡҡ



һʮ㣬ȥԭǣ˿̵·ͨ
ʱ䱿رѧסѧУ

쵽ѧУʱһ̵ƣӻͣ¡
һỵ̂һ̧üǡ

ֱߵ·ƸŲսƹߣԭһƬĳڣȾ⣬Ҳһ̣ʻһ⡣

ʱ䱴ۣϸ£ȷȷʵж

Ȼȥõ
Ȼһ׹Ρ
Ƭ̣ԺоӡŮˣϸ磬΢ʱؿϣǴԲգҲҡΡ

һԭؿڹŵ׹Ρ
ͷʱʱ䱵ģͻȻ̵ַĸо

ϴʱֻʮһˡ
㣬Ӧûû˯ɡ

˯£¥Ŀˮ˳Ҳͨ˸ʱ䱵ĵ绰
ܿ죬ͨˡ

û˵ֻǳǳȿ˵ڣ˼ô㡣
š䵭Ӧ
ѣҾһ£ڳ￴һѹ𣿡

ԭǸѹ
ʱĵ׵ͷһ

ˡʱʵ˵ĵһϲ
ϲɫǿ̫ˣȥ𣿻˵ʱ䣬Ҳԡ
¶ϣⲻ´μˡ

ϴη¼Ļ¬ʹ˼ʹ
Ȼܲٷ˰ɡ

Ļ䣬¥ľ¥ݴ֨ѽ
һӰڶ¥СſڣȻѾȵı£ԽŵĶˢһ¹ָ䣬΢˼¡

㣬Ҳ̫С˰ɣôصĶܵڸڵĳϡ㿴Ҷãᶼûأҹ͹
֮󣬴󵽸ֻʱҲ

Ǹʱǵ䵭ٴ𣺡ղŻûü˵֮ǰѧУſԽͽѹ󽻸ˡ
Ѿɹ͵ˡ
ѣ

ʲôǱӦô졣
ǰɡ
ϴη飬˺ԽͿ˻

Ѵ˿Ѿȫ˵καĻֻɰͰ˵лл
ãʱ䱶£ƽ˵ôصĶ´αҶˡ
ѣ

ĳĬöԭҪĺԽҲɰ
ˣزѵûƽǹɾе
ˣЪ˰ɡ

绰ûҶϣ󣬶ǵɾ˵ѡ

ͻļ֣һ
ʶʱʶһ¡

һ֡
ѡ




13.   13    û㡣

ʮ

ѹ˵绰ԽŸ˵
Сͣ㣬Ҹղûע绰Ҫġ

Ҫڴ绰
Ҫ绰
ǣ

ԽСͲ̫ҷѣ˼ҽܻ֣ǼһϾֻҪһ
˿˫ںڵ۾ʱ̫
ŵæ˵治֪ڸڴ绰

һ˭Ѷûġ
ĶˣһûԽˡ

͵ҾѧУſ˸ڣص˵׹ͦصģͻ㡣㣬ǲ֪ǴѧңôصĶһŪô졣ҿ϶Ҫҹͻ㡣

ȫ״֮ĺԽͦίġ
һҪĲǶòû
Խһ֪ʵı飺ʲôҪ

Ҫǣ˭ͻ
һ򵭵ѣ˵仰ʱҲ̲ס΢΢ҧ

Խ˰ΣͻȻʶ㣬òڸڳϵİɣ
̫
ڳϣھͻͻ

һμĻᡣ
Խ̲סп㣬ûᡣ
Ҫ֪û̸Ҫ̲סǲŮˡ
Ҳ̫ܵˡ

ѣٻᣬҲֲһϺȵġ
ϺȵĺԽ

Ƭ̺̲ס˵ѹϸеʱŮҵĶ֮󻹷ҪҳԶ
ѣ
ʱ

ֽѹ˻䵭ߣ͡
𣬡Խˣˣһȥ޹ܰ̿ţ˵Ҫ۷֡һϰɡ

ҼûжշϺȵˡѺ顣
豭Ҫתط
Խǰ㣬㣬Ҫٸһλᣬҿ϶ֻ֮ҪһҼΪ󡣡

㣿ЦЦ
Խͦظ˵㣬ǲ֪жѸ㣬ܾЩ׷ߵ¼дһˡо仰˵úãҪɹƱݣ͵ȴڲҸͬһѧУ
ҿʱΪ̽ڵ

ɨۺԽ
Ƭƿڣһֱסķ䣬ջ˱ס
ϡ

ԽȲתȥԼ䣬ǰ̲ס£㣬ҾøȻ˧ֻῼţĵõġ
䲻ҽ㡣
仰û³

¶һ˿Ц⣬ӻ֣ȥ˯

*

Ѯػůݳݺɡ궼ԵøᣬͬһƬʵʣˮôɢ
ѳһɡԱ߸ޡ

ѽ㣬ﲻҸһʵ
ѼǺ«ҧĸԴ죬Լûԣ;ԭϰˣ绹Ҫչ˵ֲͷۡ

ôÿϣôÿζԹ޺档
޸ŻõĲִϣҪȻ޾ɡЧ

ѧ޸ֲϲڸ㣬𣿡
ɵۣҧǺ«һ룬ҽ£ҡҡͷ
̲ס𣿡
ᣬΪԣѵ¸ɾûҧǺ«ݹѽ㣬Ҳ
ѾܾҪ

ʵ־ڳֵԱߣȻôһ֣мƣ˺ܴһط
Ӷʹọֵ́һЧӦ
⣬Χߡ

Ҫȥҵ꣬רϣȻͻҲ
ҵ꣬ͨĵطܹŪȻϡ

˭֪˿쵽طѵڶ档
ͼһװͦ۾ˣԱߵ˵Żһһֱߵĳ߹ȥ޼վԭزߣҲ˳߿

һѽ㣬ǲǸƭӣ
㣬һ٣Ը·ϳ˶Է

ҵӣƾǮģҲƾƭ˵ġ
ͱˡ
֮ǰͱײҡײƭ

ֻû뵽ԷԼѵһ٣ҳһƬ

ѳɡֱӴ·ߵ
ಽĸں档

ʱ˺ѾĵĺͶ׼ϳĵط
˭֪װгĳͷͱ¡
ˡ

˲Լ̧ͬͷûǸװƭӣǿ򿪸ʻţҪϳˣЦҪ㣬;Բһƭӵĳ

ԷãȻĿ
װ⻰ûʹĺ˵˵ʲôأ

һ³Ϳʼࡣ
ɫ΢ֱֱԷĮϴεĽѵûס

ʱװвſǰɡ£Ǹס
ôƯ˫ںڵ۾ŵֻǿʹǵصѹȸС

ǣ㡣װ¶š
ֻСŮûϴǸߴ׳ˣһ£ŭѪˣܣŮ˾Ǹƭӣרһɹƭ

ǲǸ˵԰ĹŶĵ˾
仰ɫˡ
װлģ˵˵ʲôأƭӡ

ѲΪ⣬䵭ˣ˭ƭӣ
ȸĹҪΪ̰װеĵ
ǾԼˡ

ò˵⣬ȷʵҪ

ֻѿۣı˵ҾһٿǿǣǾȵɡ
װлûü˵ͼԷŻİһˡ
·ʱ˵лл㡣

ü黹ϾҲǻе¡

ȶԷʧװгջȻһƯŮ˶ܿݣǰƯŮûһٶݺݵĿѣϴξ㻵ҵ££ΪǸŮˣҾͲҴ㡣

ϴǶٴȷʵûס
ѵЦ

Խ赭дԷԽ

֪ǸϺѹûѶԷвϣ£޾ˡװжǣһֱ߽ǸϵСӡ

һСʱѡ
ʱȻֿտգһæԭֱ͵

ΪҲǵһѹǵ

˭֪޸߳Сͼͣ·ߵŷ׷״򿪣ˡ
ֱӵסǵȥ·

ͷˣһװС
һһɫ̼пˣͷļ̣ӲӴ¶һؿҰһͺꡣ

һѣǰһӴôƯ
ģƯʲôãרҵĺ£װк޺˵
죬Ϊͦ˧˵СǸŮķϣҳôƯҲ㡣ɣǸ缸ȼرֵܣǻ˼Һ£ôҲɡֻҪúϸҾһ

װмˣŸ磬ǿɲô˵ġ
졣

ۿǹҧرǸװУ˼֣ȷʵӲϴθһǱӴˡ
ܳ.ӡװбʹ㣬߳ŭ

꣬һĶ⣬֮žһ
𾪵ĿﻹһûǺ«С̧־Ͷװһӡ

ԼǵעϣѹûСССŮ

޻ͷǺ«ݸѣ˵ѽ㣬úá
ֽ¡

֮ǰΪ̫Ǻ«һֱԣÿ򵽶᲻һ꣬ԼıǺ«úˣŤͷҲһˡ

˫ֽһָ߽죬һЦҸ粻ڣǲΪ۸ѽ㣿
ѽ㡣



˵ôֵطͣͣ
ͣó̲סԹ

ʱһۣû
ӣУҷҪҪ㡣ҪϵĻѽֲĵط𣿡

ʱûֱǰߡ

߹ڣ·վŲˣƺΧʲô

ôͷдܵģˡ
ǣôңϿЩƼ˵ʺϴء
߰ɡ

ʱеŮһ߱Թһߴ߹

̧ͷŶСӣȷʵдܵؼվһŮˣһѾ޴ĺɫɡ׳һɫŻ糤ȹԵøд⡣
ǹﵨ湻վô֡
Ӹ˵һ䣬ĺȴѾ˹ȥ

˵ߣļУͿ·ֱӳ嵽ڡ

þʣͻȻоԼס̧ͷȥѾԱߡ
ڡЩԾ

ʱŤͷ˴ܣ֪Զ㡣
ץȴУڴӣͬССĻ棬һ·յؿڡ
۵ףһǰ¶Ĺġ

ʱ䱼˵ΪԼ̫ء
ر̧۾ʱ˫Զֱ׵ĺ˿ͬȾⳡµ꣬ɵһ㣬Ե
ͷһΣʱĵײһ޿κεĸо

ڣͣû㡣




14.   14    Ϊҵò֤

ʮ

һֱû˵, Ϊ룬ҪôܽĿǰ
޹Թߣܵһ

ɵָʱ۵׵Ĺ, ο˵仰

ˣ

ʱͻҪ
ȻҪ
Ҫôλ, ʱ֮ľ롣

Ѵ֪Լʲôĺˡ
Ŀ̫ǿǲĿĲݡ

ͱ, ˿øʱ䱵Ĺĺͬ顣

ѲźۼķΪץסֱۣ˵һξô
ŵϵζ, ָɾ
ˡ

ֻ, , ʱ䱹ȻϰԵšü
΢۽, ޱ˵ûôֳ棬е

£
ʱһ⻰֪˳ݡ

ɵͷʱ, Ʈ˿ķ˿, ԭŵǰɡΪղű, ԭء
һżС۽, Ľëε
һ, ĵҲʲôڸҡΡ

ε֪ǹ, ȴͻȻЩ޷ܾ

ⴺϸ̫ᣬᵽ㹻һġ

ʱ䱣һܵ, ΪԼϹˡ
ҲС֣ʶʱô꣬ΨһܵŮԣֻиҵŮԳ
һȣΪʱпŮ֢

ֻķΧУһ±ơ

ʱɿҲ֪ʿɶֹĵ˵˾䣺лл㡣
λǣĵ׵ĺ棬Ҫըˡ

ʱû˵

Ѵ󷽷кãѡ
С㣬ҽӣһߴŶԷһĵװ̾

߽ſѵղŸһ·ڣֻӱӰﳤһ˲бӰ᲻ת
ƻС
˭֪߽žԼˡ

ɳ̫ÿˡ 

໥֮䣬ҽʶˣȫûϸʱý顣
ǴкʱһԶľ
Ӧ·˴绰дܡ

˴Ȼ죬˿ûǸսԶװУͻȻ˾䣺ˡ
˵꣬ԼŤͷˡ

ѻͷȥԼɡװдܳʱ˹Ľɡ

ڱﲻסȼյİ֮꣺ϸĶʶôһŮ
ѹֻͣ͸ʱ

ʱ䱻û

жԹŵŮĻ룬ģִӽ߳ŮšΨ͸һĴ˾˾뱣
䣬ӾͿɡǸܳװкݺݵػ˹ȥ

޴ĳɡĸּܹǣҵ˵Сȹϡ
װвҺһͬʱֱˤ˵ϡ
ӣ

𣿡˿̵ĸʱתͷһƽʧĿʣеĹŵŮ
ӣ

һѣ˵ɲ硣
תͷãͻȻ˵ôǣеԺء

װû뵽Լܳ⵽ͻϮ
ԼСȣ˵ûˣ˵ҴˣҴˣ̣ҰɡԺҲƭˡ

ѵͷЦ֪ˣ
֪ˣ֪
Ǻãᾯ쵽ˣԼʲôʵȡ 

װû뵽ô˵ʱɵۡ
ƽʱͿССƭ׬Ǯ浽ɳн޳

ˣҲʼܣһѾǰӣ̴ֻӣǱǸܳС󣺡Ҫ۸ѽģΪŮӾô۸𣿡

Сһǣ׷ǰͷǸС죬һŵԱǶǽϣǽڵķֱɵĴǰСͷ˹
ȻץסԷ⣬ˤ

С챻ˤȥʱĿɿڴӣԾһֿڣҲ١

ֻȫСأû뵽ˣûһˣȻȫ֬
żֲϵĲʱԷҲһֲ֬˴ܼĲ㡣
Ȼɹˤڵϡ

˧롣

ǰʣû°ɣ
С￿ϣίί֣ѽ㣬ֺŤˡ

ͬﾭݵҵ񾯲Ȼڽӵ绰ĵһʱͳֻʰо֡
ǸͷŸϳͱ

Ȼ࣬ǸղŲѵˣ˭Ҳ˵

곤ʣڴ𣿡
Է˵
ȴˣ˵ǣԵ

쳯Ȼ˵Ǵӵǰ˵ҳƯǺȾơ



һͣǾ컹ЩС죬ͦĿɿڴΪ˭û뵽޸ɫ˵һ

йǫѷ͵ͱòֶ˿佱
Լ˵ĪĹ졣

ӿڣоԼΪһöҽƴѧҽѧʿҵˣʱ˿̵ԴʻȻƶ񤵽ֻ뵽Ҳ١֡

ĶʶﰡӾԼⱲӵİ֮꣬ûȼյôңҪоЩȥһѵĻڱ

ԭΪǸĹŵãܺĸɷһˡ
һ治Ĳ˵ֻ
˾ãﲻš

ʱתͷСǣ𣿡


˭ȶ֣ѯʵ
Сл˵ˣָŶ棺ȶ֡

ߣʱ䱺ˣȶֵģ
ΪˣϾ촦ô׮ܶŹ¼ر漰ŮģŮȶֵġ

ϷŪŮѣǶ⣬ǲְܶһʾͱˡĳĿŸʱ䱡

Ϊʱվں档
һȻΪˡ

գգۣû뵽Ȼĺ¶
ǣǸոϵûиЩ˶֣Ҳ֪ǵϷʱ䱵ʱ򾯲͡
ϾʱǴѧڣҪϴܶŹôҲ

ЩɻˣǸոϵĻ⼸˸˭ļܣ
ʻλһӣָȺС죬Բ̫š

˴ܣ˸ոϵĻѲȺСǸļܣ

ǿϳߵСסˣȶ֡Ѳ͡

ףܻһȺСġ
һ᰸ɴ񾯣Щͷİ˵Ȼ˫˵ǶԷֵģҲûʲô֤ݡ

˿һֱվԱߵĸʱ䱣ڣҿ԰֤

գգ۾
û뵽Ѹʱժȥ֮Ȼ

߼ߵľ˵ոϵǿ϶û˫ìܵľô֤

ʱҪڣԱߵȴ˵ôԡ

Ťͷֱĸʱ䱣Ц
Ϊҵò֤
֤Էɫȶ֡

ʱ䱣




15.   15    µСŮǳԡ

ʮ

ѵ, ȫ֮󣬱ΪЧ֤ʡ
˫ȥ¼

˭֪ȴɫЩףѼ״, ʣҪҪ
û¡ȫû˸ղűģ, ޱȹɡ

ӿ˵ǹǿҽȿ
ҡͷ˵ʲô, ﷢ףƬӿ

޲ţô
СѾͷЩʱ˵, еĻҪ

ھͨ, ȷʵЩ, ȥҽԺƫƫѶ¼, û취ֻͬȥ

ʱ˵ǱѧҽԺĹǿƴ, ġ
仰, ĵײŴ󶨣
߰ɡԱ˿ڵ

̧ͷ, ͼ˫ֲ嶵վ, ȥ¼
Ȼ򴽣ȴѹס΢΢ǡ

ɳ¼ͦ, Ϊȷʵѡ
װбһŻ, һȥȫˣΪ

ֻʱ춣˵ȻΪȷʵǺ¶С, ҪȫΪһλҿûʲô飬ҪȻѵöۡ
λʮӣѵİְ֡

ŸԼŮĹ߶˼䡣

˭֪һ򲻸İӣ䵭ѣȴͷһůĵĸо
һġ

ʱ䱣úñŮѣôƯĹȷʵ̫Ľˡ
ǰҲŮѣ֮ǰû͡
˿̸ʱ˵ǲ

Ǿˣлл
Ѹᣬֱۣߡ

ߵͣʱ䱿ӵĳ
˭֪ߵԣʱ䱲ûϳǿѣ㲻ñᡣ
ʲô

ʱ˵¹ϵ
֮Ҳټ棬αؽôࡣҽ˵

˭֪ʱƳһۣ䵭˵ģαغ壬ᡣ
Ʋ죬ǣ˻ͦԭ
£ܶ

ڸʱ䱲֣һζԸҲ˵֪ѶˡɵӣҲ޶۵Ѷ˼ܲ
ֱֻ˵޷ֱӾܾ

һߣͻĻֽߡ

վڳӵ࣬ѾֽʻŴ򿪣ֱ˵ʣڣͻô¸ҳϹϵ
ʱ΢˵С㣬Ҿ㲻˷ʱ䡣

һ˵

ȷ˷ʱ䣿գ۾ʵ
ʱҪشȴͻȻ˵ǿȥҽԺɣ޸ղŸҷ΢ţ˵ҿȥ

ʱҲ֪ڲĺʱ
ţϳɣȥ

˸ϳʱ䱵ֻˣӴġ
ȻҪѡ

һɻĽӹ绰ЩεС㣬޵ƬӳˣйѣҪʯࡣ
ôأ
ӿԱѾۿţʱܶСЩεʵֻضѣرء

õģҽרҵҽͰ
£ڲ̫ϡ
ѣΪʲô
е£˵Ҫ

£ʣҹĻɣ
ӣǲ󡣡
УҹɣţӦþͲˡ

һͨ绰ˣתͷԼСղŴ˹ʱ򣬿СʿȤĶôһɰСá
޳Ѳһǿɰҵġ
̶̵ͷСԲԼͻСԭձ𪡣
һۿǹڼá

˭벻ôһãȻһ塣
ر׷ӣһŵǽֱӷԽһˣȻ󽫶Էˤ̵һĻ
۵Ҳĸ֣
Ҳ٣ţơ

̲סȤһʱҲû°

޿˵һ壬ǴˣۡҹѣԼۣҵȻˡ
ӣ
еѾ챻˵ˡ
ֵֹܾġ

*

·ϵĽͨӵ²ֵĺ̵ƣȥһƬ졣βڳϣػֽ֯һƽ˼ַꡣ

߿Ǹʱ䱣Ϊ״ҲЩĪķꡣ

һƣǰųĶ飬оһ̵Ƶʱ䣬޷ͨôӡ
ѵͷŪֻ
ʻϵˣģǺܸܿϵҽԺ

һĴĵ׵ķߡ
ˣٻ˱Թʱ򣬴˿ȴڸʻϣѵúڣҲȥǸµġ

Ǹƭ𣿡ʱʵ
֮ǰǸװѴʱ˶Իʱ䱱Եˡ
˵Ҫ֤ҲҪ֤¡

ѵţʵⲻǵһƭˣԳǹŶˣܰѲƷĵ˾ᡣ
š
ʱ䱵ӦȻֻǼ򵥵ĻӦȴ֪

ܶȱǮͶ·ˣͻѼóƭӾץסǵǽǮܰѲƷ͵һ߼ۡܶϵԼĲƷ

Σײƭʱһỵ̂һʵ
ѵͷײ֮߳ŭɣһ˻ˡ

˵̫дˣһ˾ܸ㶨С졣
Щ˵С죬Ǵܵı£˵ûЩ򳡵ĸأѴһʼûǷ

ٴͣ£һơ

ںڹ£
ѵ͵ӦţҪǲܵĻ޾Ͳˡ

ģӸʱʶʼǰŮԶֱ׳һǰӵһԼ׼˿˼˵ĸܡ
Ϊ˻٣˽Į

ǿ䣬ҲĮˡ
·ƽͷ
ߵˣ

εĺ̵Ϊǰĳһֱûжʱƴڷϣ΢ſ˹嵭˵ǵһ˶ʯͷӣû˻֪ԼһʯͷǱʯ
ΨһģǸղǿԼʯͷǰߡ

ΪǲֹͣģʱҲǡ

ģӵ죬Ҫ֮Уͷǰ

ʱ䱡˾䡣
ڴʱԱߵĳҲʼ۾ǰˣȴǺܸӵĻӦš

۵׺ЦĿû˵ѧҡ
ûС»ָ䵭
û׷ŹЦ˵ҪԺ󲻽㸵ˣҽѧҴˡ

ʱû

Ц£ֵͷ޷΢ţǱߣûô˵

ɾָһֱĻϻȥʱʱ䱵ٴ
ǽǸ㱻ƭˣһң㡣

ָס
󼸺Ǵ㵵תͷɰų
ǴЩĽǶȿȥԵ䣬üǳɷ壬ֻͦõҽ󲻳

ĵ׵һɨգ˿Це

ʣҰ仰ɣڿ𣿡
ϣʱ˵ǻѹڿڡ

Ȼ֪ܴſˣЦ˵ֻпͷ佱ûʲô𣿡
ڣÿѽ
ʱޱ飬ֻʿɶֹ

û뵽˵䣬ûٺ֣˵лл㡣

*

ҽԺҵӺޣֻӾ硣
һ̣˵ѽ㣬ҽǸˣȻȵҿ硣
̶᲻ãͷ

ԴתͷԱߵӣҽô
Ҫʯ࣬ѾˣֱȥʯҾˡ

ѣ鷳ǹȥɡ
ôʱ䱵ѣǾҵѡ
˲Ϊְҵԭ罻ţֲ֢ܸ˭ѸٻԸ

ýɶ̫رˡ
һ߹ģֹŻ߳Ϲŵˣ˺ݻ١
һ͸ˣǸڼãȴߵĺܣһ嶼¡

һȥʯңȻٱߵ򣬶Ӳ´ʯࡣ
ǿ£ûߡ

ȴֳ꣬˰˵㣬Ҳûʲô⡣
뿪ҽԺ

·ͻȻʣѽ㣬ҵǺ«أ
ѣ
ҲǵøĶȥˡ

˲ԱһЦ˵㶼ܷݵˣôǺ«
һڣܳһǺ«
˵ҪɣҸһֱۺˣٸʾһǸṦ

ȻһǿûṦֻǽڣŴͷȥ

Ǻ«֣۾һУǺ«Ҹһշɡ
аӾСѾͷ˼˳ڴӦ
ֱãҲһء

ͷǰСһ£ǰһɾĲշ

ѣ
ʱ䱣

΢΢ҧޣΪǺ«Ҫˡ
ѽ㣬һ¶ûС޺

ʱüͷӿȥӸϽͣ治֪淭ѽŵֱãٸչʾһ¡

ʱ䱳ʮʮǰɡ
ӱ̵Զԡ

޵Ǻ«뵽֡
ҪһˣҲûԼ

ֻ˵ǿҵСʿˣн֣Ǻ«ġ
˽ǰн֡

طȷʵңΪǺ«ĵ꣬ſڰһһ˸ߵǺ«ģ͡
Ϊ꣬ſûʲôŶӵˣֱӹȥ

ҵʵٻģſڰ˸ӣ˸Ǻ«дͳɽ髣Ҳвݮ⨺ҿζ
޺ԥѡһɽ髵ģҪҪĿζ
Ҳ̰ģҪһ

ǹȥǮʱվſڣվŸʱ䱡
˲磬վ¡

Ҫ𣿡ͻȻʱתͷϡ
ͣСŮųԵĶ

Σʱ䱵˵㲻СŮ
ڴ֮Цӯӯ˵򡣡

˭֪һ˵꣬ʱѾתǺ«ʵҪһ
Ҳûٿֱѡһݮġ
ѡˣʵΪʲôͻȻ

͵ǽ
΢
ʱ΢˹ǣΪĽ

µСŮǳԡ




16.   16    ô

ʮ

Ǻ«, ڿѻ˵鷳ˣҪǳԸ

Է, Ķ֪͡һ, ζ嵭ʺСš
ٴηԼ罻ţ֢س, 䣬Ͱ׵ˡ

ʱ䱶ûʲôӻȥѳϡ
һȥ˲

ò˵, ӵ罻ţ֢ڷ, ǻ𱬵ĵ, Ҫǰ绰λõ, ǵ˵ֱӭǴ˽ȥ

ǸС͵İ, ˰ò͡

һ, Ӿͺʱôʶģ
΢תͷʱ䱣ʣû˵
ֲǲ֪, ϵĸʲôƵ, ε̯̯֣б䶼ס

һЦһ

͸ʱʶľ, ߱ˡ
Ҳ¾ö
ֶص̹, ʲôò˼

Ǿã֮һСܡ
µǾһƳֻԼ
˭Ҳ

ӼҲԸ˵תƻ⣺С, ʲôģ

֮ǰ̫ң˫֪˴˵֣Ҳû˽⡣
ѶҲͦȤģΪǸʱ䱵ѡ
Խо仰ȷʵ˵ĿϣҪ߽һݣôڲ

Ȼ޸޸ʦ

һȤǵ֣԰ѻ˵︴ԭ޸ʦ
ţž֡

ѹأʶôˣҲҽܽܣӿŸʱ䱣Щ
ʱһۣΪʲôҪܸʶ
ӣǰҲˤүүһƿӣͷˡء
޴

Щȣôôȷ
ʱ䱵Ȼһǿҽ˿ಡ𣿡
ӳĬ˰Σǵǲᡣ

ȷʵܶ˶޸ʦ⣬ʲôﶼ޸ʵ޸ʦҲϸ֣ר޴ģרͭģҲר޸ż黭ġ
ӵ⣬ϰΪ

˾;޸ʦʲôޣʵⶼ˵Ŀ

ǸˣʮֳϿҵ
Ҳ⣺ûʲôϾСҵܶ˲˽Ҳ

ʱŤͷͦº͵ġ

һУһʱ䣬˹ȥ
ʱȥǰİ״ɱӣͼգ۾·˵ΪҲôġ

񣬸ʱͻȻϵĲǰı˵㡣
ˮ˵ô۰ͰͿš

ѣ
۰ͰҪˮ

ӲǻԾֵĸ֣ڣȫõĻ䳡

ʵѣҪ޸
Ҫ黭£ʵ黭йصģԣ硢ࡣ

Ž̸ĽУԱŽϲˡ
ǸСԻȻһֱֻۻʯţ˿Ӱá

׽𣿡ʵ
ʱʱ䱿ڣ黧ڱء

޴˵ѽѽϰ壬ҺҸ綼ѽĵæ
Ҳ𣿡ӿɰСʵ

ᣬѽ˵Ĳѧ޸һѽ㵱֡ҡͷ˵꣬Ͱյѣ˵ѽ㣬Ҫ޵Ǹô죿

ʱ޻ҪֵʱѾͻްæ
˵㲻˵ǷҪҸʱΪ㶼ϰǸǰϹˡ

̾ѳ˽֮⣬ûš
һֱڸϰǷΪ˾罻ڵ

ȻҲ֪ǴĶģһ˵ѽ⣬
ͻȻ

ˣһҲ޺ãͱǹˣúóĶɡ
ô˵޷ĵŶһ

ӻʣͻȻϴһʹ
άƽ͵ı飬תͷʱ䱣ʣʱ䱣Ĳ㻹ɣ
⡣ʱޱĻش

ӼʣҵĽŸ
ϻ̫ࡣ

һٳ꣬ѴͣϾ鷳ǡ
˭֪˵ʱ򣬷Ա˵굥ˡ

һʼѻΪӣҪת˸ȴ˵ѽѧ͵ˡ
⻰ǶԸʱ˵ġ

ڣ˵ˣлл㣬Ҹת˰ɡ
ղÿ˲˵ϵļ۸ֱӷת˹ȥ
ʱ䱲ûա

ϳ֮Ѻں档
쵽ҵʱͻȻɥʣѽ㣬һؼҸôҸ˵
ءѰο

һ

Ժſͣ£ѿǵȱ裬θʱ䱿˵ỹе£Ͳȥˡ
ѵͷ˵ллǡ

Ȼվſڣų¿ӣʧڡ

ȻһؼңȿֱϵƣСУۡ
ȻǶѼ﹤СƽʱҲڿ죬ܻﶭæǰæڸʣΪ䵭ѣ͵͵ĸϲޡ

Ҳڼңʣô£
ѵҲûѣʵ˵飬˵ʵңҲдûȺС쵱¡ҲΪ˱ң˵ġ

գû
˴Сѧ䣬һֱ޹ܵĺϣܡ

´ԼСĵ㣬̿޵ֱۣδֻ֣ϸ˶˼䡣
͵͵Ѷ˵ѽ㣬㿴Ҹһ˵Ļһ˵Ϊ˱㣬ˡ

ҲĴա

̴ʱתͷ˵ղǸϵ꣬㶨Ķ˻
ǽȻȼϡ
ͷʾ֪ˣת¥

ѻԼķ䡣
ȥϴּϴ˸Ѿʮӡ
ϴȥֻʱͻȻ뵽һ£Ϊʲôʱ䱽ڳ֣ҪϵǼҵĸ

˼ţ·Ӧ㣬ϵֻͻȻ¡
ѵͷĻ
һӦȻǣⲻ

ʱ䱣ڷ绰𣿡

ԥƬ̣뷢΢ʣǱ
һ뵽ܻᵼ¶Էĺڡ

ѸٶϵĴ֣㡣

Ӻ
΢ְͨ˽ͨİť渵ʱ䱵ѡ

㰡˵
⻰öһ㶣һȴ˵ŲǾǺԵ֣Ϊ㷢Ϣǰһ룬һ㡣

һ㡣
߸׼ȷı˼ǣһ顣
ƫƫѾһı﷽ʽ

òĵĲ

ʱԱסȻ֮û

Ҳ˵Ϊʲôڳָ
ȥͭͿȸʯġ

£Ϊʲôȥ

ɻת˲ţΪС棬»صϣǵݲࡣ
Ϊûãܰ¡
ʵжŬ

һ۾Ϳϴεݣ߸ʱ䱣ͷѾˣ޸Ǹ
Ҫٵ죬ΪزʻɫĻҪȻϣԭϲ̫ˣҪʱԤԿܻټ쿪ʼ޸

ʱʱֻظһ䣺ţ鷳ˡ
Ѷû飬ϡ

ʱ˵ֻΪøʱ˽޸Ľȡ

û뵽ȻԼȥ˿ϡ
ôŵĵ̡

ԭ˵ÿ仰㶼˰ѴȻЦ⡣

ʱ䱣ȥǱߣҲΪϣ
ţҵרģܶ޸ʦҪȻȼǶУȻϺ˹ϳϵķɫЧͬ

ʱŻȻƷҲԼƷ
ߣõȻϡ

绰ֻʻ飿ѿǲЩʧ䡣

Ĭ˼룬ٴοڣ߻ȱʲô
ѿڴͷͷһ˲Цʲôȱˣͻȱ֡

Ȼʱû
ڵһʱûľܾ·ץסôһ˿˿ᣬ˵ˣﲻңղԷʱҲˡ

òҲΪ⻰ŸԼ绰İɣ
ϾҲ֪Լ˲֡
ҲǵԼ͸¶⻭޸ġ

ֻȱ𣿡ʱ䱳ʣ֪ǲ̫Եʡһ΢΢ơ
򵥵һ仰ѶߣҲĵ׵顣

¸ʱҸѲǿҶҪܸߵģҪϸϡ

⻰󣬶ֳĬá
ѣΪͨ绰ҪڳĬнʱǱٴοڡ

ʱ䵭ʣô




17.   17    Ҳɡ

ʮ

һ, 꽫Ъ裬ҹôڴķ, Եᡣ
ѵһҹΡ

һ, Ѿڼӵ˹
ϴһߺֱӽԱߵñ䡣

·඼ǹ񣬵ȷʵϲ, ÷֮飬˵ϲղعŶˣǸӹŻϲ, ඼ƫʽ
Ϊ޸ʦ, ҪȦ, õԼɫ

ν, ž

Դһʼһ׳͵ĴŴ磬žڡ
ֻ, ҲϲЩ
ϾԽ򽻵, Խףǵʷ, Ŷٹ屦

ֻǽ, £ûľסԼĳ
ѡһǳɫɽˮͼķ, ͷ, βĴϡ

¥Էʱ޶ڼҡ
һ̲סѽ㣬ͷĺƯ
ĽĻ, Ͱͷ

̾аͷĻܾͲˡ

ԶĶ㣬һ߰ˣһ߶˵ֶˣͣ㣬һ쵽ŴܴܣͷҾҪ硣
ڶѵĹ޸ǳ߶

ڲ£ҪسͻȻ˵㣬˰ɡ
ϽʣпҪ𣿡

£΢ЦиҪ

㲻ϹŶ֪ʲô˼ֻСʲôʱ˸

һϵסҰ̵ı֣ʵģһ䲻ʡ
óСӣ˵С㣬Ҫļˣ

Ϻʡзʨͷ㡭һ˵߰˸ˡ
ȶֽϵĲˣզࡣ

ʵһ𣿡
ţһָ򦣬Цˡ

̲סĵֹǸ
ҪǸϼңŮҲɫ˰ɡ

ſӣ˼£Щɡ
ͷԼǵĶ˵û㣬ͣȥ򡣡

*

쵽ʮʱѿֻ
ȻûһԺſڴ

߹ȥԺš
ʱһǳɫףɫ㣬ֻվҡ
ҲɺˣҲû˧硣
ô͵ʱʱ̿öԼء

ˡЦеĿ
ʱ䱵Ƕƺûʲôֱ˵ھͿʼ𣿡

ЦҲ̫ż˰ɣҼҵԺŶṳ̂ء
ԣǰһ
һſԺš

ʱ䱣Կʼ˰ɡ
ѣ

ҲûֱӴ˶¥

ҵĹҾڶ¥Ҫˮ𣿡ʵ
ʱҡͷ

˵˶¥¥ݵһС
վСתͷŸʱ䱣һ϶¥Ҫȴι۲ι۰ɡֱأҵĹҡ
ͣ£Цӯӯǰˡ
ֱҵңȲιĸ

Եѡ⣬ʱֱֵǸţתͷȥ

Ʋ죬֪
ҲûϷ̫֣Ǵֱǰҡ

ϸʱϵǣѵĹҸͨ͸Ϊһǽڣȫشһ¥Ժӵǿ
ԺӵĻݲݡ

мž޴װ̨һɾ࣬ʲôûС
һţһ޴ļӣ߹һëʣұǴСһűʡˢ굶ֽʽĹߣţҡ

עģǶ濿ǽĵطڷŵӡ
һϣ£˸ָֽֽֽֽֽԶԶȥ׳ۡ
ֽɶһʱܹĿ֮ɫʵصĲ졣

һӣͷһһУ֪װʲô
ȻװѧԼĲƿ⼸㻹װרŵĲǷֹƿˤ

ֵǣȴһŻûС

ƽʱ޸Ĺңǰ̨м䣬ŵӡ
ʱֱ˵ʣҪʲô

ֱӴװ̨³һӣʱһ۾ϳùװӡ

ȴû򿪣ǽӷ̨ӣתߵһԡ
ӽһӣʵ𣿡

ʱ䱣

ȷʵ˵档

׼õ軹ˮ˳
ʱ£ʵܰ𣿡

ü֮ð

Ϊ˷棬ʱֱӽǼѵֻʣһɫһѾֱۣ˰Ρ
ǡ
´Ǽ׳

ʱҲû໰ڽ⿪С۴
ˮ档
ֱۣʱԭݷŵһӿ͹

һһ˵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
¹޸ʦܣԲøҡʱȻǵģȴ䡣

ЦûʲôܲܵģһѾܲ

ϴθ˵ģزɽˮԳˮ֮ǰҪɫҪֱӹɫĻҲὫԭеȾùҳЩһ̶ͬϡأڹɫ֮ǰǾøϴķա

˵꣬˵ˮ
ʱ棬˵ԣǴţճߡ
ѿޡ

ʵ޻֮ǰȽϸϸһ飬⣬һһҳҪ޸ĵطҪ֢ҩ
˵ʽʼ޸ͻɡ

ܿ죬ʱ䱽źͺãѽϵժ£ȥš
˵⻹Ǹʱ䱵һοժµס

ѵָϸָǽڲԣ쵽ֱϵĽǣԼ̫ݵԭһ͹
Լף⣬ָ𪡣

׵ţȴ˵ĸЩ
ʱ䱵۾ʹţʣ޸ʦһֱҪ𣿡

ֲŵӲ̶ȣ⻰תͷЦ²˵޸ʦûУֻҡ
ǲ֪Ϊʲô

ѵĻӦʱ䱵һ

޸ʦ˵ֵȻҪǶ˵ҵҪΪҵӵУ˵ʱָ˵޸ǧѾγһɵϵͳۡģϼա

˵Щ޸ۣһһѡ
Ͳʲôܡ

ʹԺ޸ʦǣΪʲôվտΪ˶֪ʶӵжٸ߼׵ģոһյ޸Уϼ

黭޸޸ĥһ࣬Ϊ黭űȱӴһ޸ʧܣζｫڡ

ʱ䱰Ļ
ʱ֮䣬һ˵һﶼ͸Ű

ѽţһװ̨ϣԲΡ
ȻɣѷţԱ߳ףϺ󣬽Ӻóſһװ̨ϡ

ǿھô޸ͻȻȤʵ

ʱ䱣޸ǻᱣСĸԤֻ޸
ԿѧǴ´ԵǿҪռˣѵȻ˵

仰˵Կʱ䱵ü΢¶ȵı飬ƺ룬Ϊʲô֪仰

ѽȵķڻϣš
һ࣬ܿͳǳɫĻҳ

ʵⲢһĻһλ֪ѧ˵Ļ
ѧѰܵ̽Ǵ´Ե

֪֮Ϊʱ䣬ʱҵĹƵһ飬ĳڿ˵仰ʱȣȫͬ䵭ģҡ
¸ƵʱѶܸоĹʡ

²⣬ӦǸʱϲΪĸԵһ仰

ǸһӲ׼ȡ
ˣġ

˻Ѳ²⸵ʱƽĲ࣬˵ȥϴһ°ɣܴỹҪҵݵݶ
šʱӦҪת

ͷҲû̧˵㲻ȥ¥£ҷϴ̨Խһ¡
Ů뷿ϴּ䣬һط

һЦܿľ¥ݴ
ֱ壬֪˲Թ

ҲûżѾ۵ţӵԱߡ
ߵԣûȥš
ָıԵһĨָմ˸ۣԼһÿϿ϶մһԵۺۼ

ʱϴ֣¥ʱѾʼõڶŸɾŹճա

ٽ⣬ӵɫ𽥱ɲӽɫΪشԵʣ߷ӵ㼷˽Ծķ˿䣬ϡ
ôļϸ嵽һ˿覴á
ΨС

ϵһۺۼֱ̧ͷ˵ҰԱǸ㵶ùһ¡
Щ̶գճߵġ
Ҫõε

ʱǿˣȻĸ㵶ѵùݵϣٴο̲ס˵ϣۡ

Ŷ
ˡ
գգ۾Ȼ΢һ̹ȻĿ˵ţҲɡ




18.   18    ллľ֮硭

ʮ

Ȼ, 仰ɹøʱ䱵üͷǰһ
ĵ, Ȼ

ѹû, ƽѣûԼְɣҵҪЭҡĸҽһ, Լժġ

оݣ
һĵף̲סΪԼİо
, Ǹˡ

ʱ䱹Ȼ΢΢, , һ, һ㵶
ȷʵû취Լȥϵۡ

ֻǸʱ䱲δվԭ, ޻޵İɡ
Ȼ, 벻֣
ͷջ, Ȼʱ̧ͷ, ǾͲòˡ

ѣ
޿̵Ҷôһɻ

ʱϸ, ʱͬһɫ, Ө͸İףǵۺۼûݣ෴˼Ƥ
Եеɰ

, Ҳͦõġʱ䱵Ȼ
һЦֱŵĸʱ䱣޵Цԣ˼ǣҲܺÿ

ʱһʱ

ѿ˻ɫ̹Ȼƽ˿Լ˵Ļжྪˡ
ٴˣʱƺѾȡ
ϰߵĸо

˵ʵʱ䱲û׷
ѧֱ׻˽°ʾøУȷʵյΡΪԼȻһС
Ҳܾ֮Ĺϵ

ĹҲͷһؼ

Ÿȫ෴Ը
һŹŵϸ䣬Ըȴǿƺ̹
˵ᳬѸʱķΧ

縵ʱ䵭ӣżĻҲķΡ
ӦԵΡ

ҲǣֱĿǰΪֹʱް취ԭ
ռϷ硣

θʱ䱵һۣȻ˳Ƶͷţͦÿ
ֵɵˡ

ֱ㶵ĿˣΪϷŪҪô侯һۣҪô޿κΣξȻΪˡ
ɼеĶ֣վԭذ

Ѿ˰Σ̲סšü˵Ǹ
ʱҲü·ڻظŮʲôϵ

ŮϣԼʲôʱ򣬶ģǹʱҲܽͣǸϾˡ
ʱ䱼ϾģúЦ
ԼǸˡ

Ƭ̺󣬸ʱתߵһԷֽĵط
һֽ˹˵ͷ

ʵҲٸ˿ôͷ߸ӣϰԵĸӣڰн֯
ѲԾ󣬸ʱ䱵𶯣Ϻá

ǵ۵ĺۼ׾ͱ
ʱ䱷֣һʪ۸ϵĺۼһ㣬һ¡

ѹԹϵͷһŵһ嵭ϤľζѩҶ֡
˽⣬Ӧòˮ

֮ǰѿʱҲŵ嵭Ϣ
õԡ¶ζ

ڣϵζúš̲ס˵

̫ƺҪڿС
ʱ䱵ĺ̲ס¡

ˣڶŪɾˣʱ⻰תֽӵͰ
ٻʱ̧ɫࡣ

ʱֱӿ˵ҲϣĻ

ֻ㣬õʲôˮиҪգҾζͦţ͸
΢ʼ磺㲻˵ˡ
ʱ䱣

ãѾͷճ𤻭ʱ˵Ҳˮ
Ȼ
Ѳµû

Ŷص
ֵʱס
䣬䡣

ѵˣ

*

ڹСʱ󲿷ʱ䣬£żøʱ䱰æø߰æ

ת۵緹ʱ䣬תһȦ뺰´ǡ
ѷĶ˵Ĳˣȥ緹ɡ

ֱʱԾҡҡͷ
һŤͷͿʱ䱵ݹͻȻͣתĶƽ˵ҵļ׵ͦõģûʲô⡣
ϴΣͻĹġ

šʱ䱵Ӧ˾䣬Ҳû˵ϻ

˳һ˵ѽ㣬̰緹ˡ

¥֮󣬸սײĶ㡣
ŵһϺʣʱ䱣һѽ˵Ƕ㣬ڼæʹɨƽʱһֱչ˵ġ

ʱ䱼Ĵкá
ѵĻﲻ֪
ȻֻṆ̀϶Ҳϣܵ˵أСĻ˽˵ƽʱĵףôġ

Էɣæһϣ϶˰ɡ㼫к

ѵҲ˵㣬λǸʱ䱣ѧڡ

ڣ㽫ӷϣɾȡ
ʵӸղһ棬;˳ÿ湻ģԼҲʶˣûÿˡ

ȻǸڡ
˵Ǹģ

ȻĵԺȴ֪Щ˵Щʡ

Це˵ȥʢ

תͷվſڣôԷ
ѽ㣬һ԰ɣһøҸȥ緹أùȥһԡ

ʱ£Ҳ⻰
ѽ˵ڸĳи꣬޵ĸ͸ꡣ

⵹Ǹʱ䱵һ˵
̧ͷѣ˻ŴԵ˵

䵹ʵĿޡ
ͣסСԺôˣһҵꡣ
ôҲ˵ҵгɡ

ҲȲ㰡ЦпĿӵ˹ȥѧʷڡ
Ѵһʼڱѧʱдŵġ
Ȼȫ粻ڣڿѧ֣Ҫʱľʱʮȷʵ̫ᡣ

ȴΪ񿼹ŽһȽȽǡ

ԺҹĿѧ磬ػиʱ֡
Цţ˵⻰

Ǹʱ䱰룬ɫδĵʣղŲǺģ
ϷŪĹѾԱˡ

һ߼һϺʷŽ󣬲˵òΪڹϷŪɣĵġ
أҪ޸ʷԼ𣿡

˳Է̬ܺã˹Ҳûȫ˵
໥ôţ֮ǰС

˵ҲǸ˵ҵ롣
ʱһʲôʱ˵

ĺüԣĿ˵仰ʱ紥˼㣬Ժ֮ĶԻѸǰ

ֱصĳϣ΢
ЩֺЦʣ󻧣

𣿡΢ʵ
ʱҡͷĿĿ꣬νÿ˶ԳΪԼҪΪǸˡ

˵㲻ѧңЦ

ÿ˵
ܡѧҡ

*

˳극֮󣬲û¥
ѿ棬ʵҪȥֻС𣿾ϴȵֻ

û𣿡ʱʡ
˵̫Сˣеˣ⼸ţˡ˵飬ҿе᲻û˼ҵˡ
Ū÷µѴСӣ⼸һֱڽлͣ

ѴȥӵĵطǸС䡣
ʰͦɾƽʱŷŶ
ΪطСԱȱķҪů͡

һţͿϷŵѣһֽȻһеѵͺ͵ݡ
ǰŪ͵ʱ򣬻һ٣˵ʮˣ͡

߹ȥͿСӹɵĴ
ԴĴ˰ɣҪλ磬СܾͲˡ

ʱ΢ҡͷȴ˹Ļġ

ںܿˣʱ䱵˵
ӡ̵ľǣǰȥǸɮסԺҲѣһøӹ

ÿϾʱͻȥӵ½չ

˵ҵСԺÿ궼Сӡ
תͷСӣ˵ûϢģƽʱôлôڿˣˡ

֣СӷϣתŸʱ䱡
Сӻûѧɣɵġ

̧ͷ븵ʱ䱵ڰգգۣ߷Цͬʱ˵ллľ֮硣
ǣһֱСӣһͻȻͽл
ۻɫС죬·˵һ

ʱ䱿ССӵģͻȻ죬ӿڣɡһ½˴ڵصӡ
֪ڱǰȫһġ
Įǿơ

һ̣СӣСġ

ʱڵͷСĵ׻ֹӴͦӵġ
ǹϷʱ䱣û뵽СһϷ
ѵСҲ

Ҳʱͷ˵л

Ѵ㵵̧ͷ
ڣӦĵϷ




19.   19    ѣ

ʮ

ʲô, ʲôԭڳԹܹϵ죬ŵϴ
ǣżû, ҾȻ֪顣

תͷ, ѣѹܹ֭ҵɳϣƨɵŵһӡ

ѼΪĹŶ
һۿͺϲ
Ϊүү, ϲһӡ

ϽȵĶ˺룬С˵İɣ, Ͼֻ
֮ǰһ, ȥѡ
еȥ޸Ƿ

ʱöһ, еð, Զ˽衣

ȵĿʱһԵȰòҪȲ衣
ôˣʮķʡ
°ͳװ̨ϵ£˰򡣡

ʱ;ӵһ, һ, εס

ӴˣҲҽѵĹҡ

Ūʲô, ⲻ

֮ô, ΪղŶ˹ܹ϶ʱ˳һ, ڽ첻
ڣ
еĽ, ոģ˭

֮£ѵȻϣʱȷʵҡ
ҵ, ֮ǰҾ˵Ҫ̫˽㣬ĻǸ񡣡

Ȼûʱ䱣һڵһμ棬ֱӾܾҪ΢ŵˣôһԽĸɽɡ

֮ǰΪѣҪ¬ˡ
˼չ˰

û˵ôţֻң

֪ʱûô
ֻæ޻ȡ

ҪȻ޺ˣҪһ޵ģ

㶼Ҫ׷ˣҾȻǸ̾ʵô층û
ͦģҪᣬҷϢ

üŪۣ԰ڶʼ㱨гˡ
û

˵ʱ򣬹ֻ˼¡
һ˵ǸУȺôթʬأԭܷȺôһˣûǰ̫һˡ˵ģ治ڮǰôҲСŮҲе̫˰ɡ

ֻùյѸǰ
Ѵ۾ÿ

ܷ˵ĸУѣͦҵǣѴѧʱҲͬһѧУͬһϵ
Ȼңܷ˵
ȷʵҼҲã˵׵У԰Ů

κԶиѣǳ໹ģȫλ
˵ѧʱѵרҵɼԶǵһ

ܷҲû׷䣬Ӹ䣬ߴŮ·ߣƽ׽ˣӸпʼŪò۷ƵΧת
ǣżǮССͨŮ
ѡ

ʵƯŮѧУԵͦõģܵŴ
̫Į˭ġ
ҲǻһֱĹվάѣŻһֱܵ

عˣûʲôȤ
ȻܷУȴûŮĹĶǡ

ӴѧʼѾʼ޸
ȦͦģûԵˣ֪Ϣ

ҵˣǰͬѧû

Ʋ죺Ⱥټͬѧۻءҷֱҵ֮󣬻ĺòܿĺһ쵽ȺͬѧۻᣬҪǰҫҫǣҾƫᣬҲŲȥء

ˣ۲Ϊαظ
ѵ˵

Ҳǹѵĵط˵Ⱳֵ飬ž㵱ܷˮһΡ
ѸܷĶԹȷʵͦࡣ
䣬Ǳˣǲ˾Ͳ

ܷһСŮڰ༶ѣ˿ûãѹں˸˵ЩСŮС˼ǰ͸Ƶá
ںܷرһ¡

Ȼָʹˣѷ۱ʻҵѵˮ档
Ѷζر񣬴Ǹ̫꽻ʱһˮŵԾ

ǴΣѵȫ˵棬ܷˮȥҪȻ͹ˡ
֪۱ʻҲŪġ
Ļָʹܷܲ

ѲмǼƽϣܶԷ衣

ˣС˻ԽԶԽãǹ磬Ҷȥԡ

*

֮죬ڼ޻ʱ䱻æ
ʱҪæѧУ飬Ҳͺˡ

ⲻʱ򣬸ʱ䱷΢ţѧУаţû취
ʱ䣬
Ҫǹ΢ϸ

Ϳͦô㣬ѱг̵ļơ

ѣţҲе¡

ȷʵ¶и޸뱣ᣬһֱϲμֹϡرҵ޸ģ˵׬ǮΪЩڹһ޸ʦ
˼޵ʷأ޵Ǯ

ԼںǼܲס˱
ôЩˣٳϯֹϡ

βһʦֺǣͷģҲ־ʦʦѧ޸ʱܶԷչˡ
﹤ﱸôһν᲻ס
Ѿ͵֧

յʱ֣ͦǾô
ȻǼƵٰνᡣ

ϴμʵڲƷᣬҲּľƵꡣ

ȻڵڶʽʼǰһиӭᣬΪβ˱ص޸ʦȫصĲԱ

ˣ治ȥ 
ھƵſڻͣ£̲סʳ仰ôã֪Ȧﲻ˶ѳɼǵı˸ɫơ
ţֻǸѡ

ûд˵ݣžƵת¥ݣ˶¥

ֻǸյ¥ȻͿ벻ˡ
ʱһɫװվڲԶһͦƯŮˣһɫȹǰ͹̣ջ

վľŮ˻һĳЦ

ǣ֮ǰһֱͦеµġ
ôô

ҲûȥȻĿǽڣҲǹ͵ֻ룬˵

Ů˽˵ʱ䱸磬û뵽㡣
ʱ䱸磿
Цƺûй

Ů˵⻰һЦԵеߵ˵һôɣҲкþûˡ

ֱӽҸʱ䱾ͺãʱ䱲䲻ŶԷ˾룬£ͻȻʡǸǣ
ԷϵˮζȻŨϲ

⻰Ůһ㶡

ǽǵѣԭͦˬģһ£Ц˳
˵Įȫɨ䡣

Ůɫ԰ףǵЦⶼȥ

ȷʵû뵽Լش𣬿һ룬ȷʵжʱûˣ͵ܷܷܷǰҲǾڹ棬ʱȥ̡

ʱߣϣǴ¡

ܷ˿ûΪԼģЩıΪڴһϢλҲǵˡ
Ȼܷ⼸ڹ⣬ҲûͣҲ

ÿĿУǶһ¹⡣
ʱ䱴žĿеǸ¹⣬ְŶģﶼŷǰûٸĸȥݷ

ǼΪǮܵõָĹա

˾ʶ˸λ̫̫˼żȥܻһݵꡣǸ͵꣬Ǹ㳤ݷܷҲÿգԸȥһˡ

ȴһϣһǼСʱ
ô䵭ȴ˿

ֳȰ꣬ÿһഺŮ롣
ܷҲ⡣

ȦСĴ̽Ϣ飬Ҳһֱšں趼ȣȻȥ

һֱУÿÿܻỳѣΪ˵û䣬Ͼļ䣬ʲôʱܲɫ
ȻȻǵˣ

ʱŵǸûʲôӡ󡣡
ֻ˵űǸɫȴ˿ûС
͸һġ

δܷ˵һǸĻҪҡ

ѣ֮ĶЩˡ

Ϊû䣬ԷѹͲǵá

ҲָܹʱûģϾһˡ
˶񣬸һ˿ĿռͻᣬͭǽҲˡ
ˣĹݡ
ϲ

ѿ֮࣬Ҳͦ𾪵ġ
𾪣ΪҲȫûϳԷܷ

ϸȷʵеһŲ̫һˣǰ˵Ļ֮ǰΪǹ˵ţڿ治ǿš

ֻѵͣûӹʱ䱵Ķ䡣

̧˵Ŀڰ
ѵüûʲô顣

ʱüƺû뵽

Ҳǣ⼸궼ڹ飬㲻ǵҲûϵܷǰһЦݣǸԼҲ˻̧ͷӯӯ˵˵ڱѧϵڣһع֮ҲҰְֵ˾

ʵԺҲͬУҪвĵطܲ㰡

ܷǸԼ˸ɡ

׾ӵɣĵһЦ
ûá

ŵģǵҵأ̵ЩŶרңʱȻشˣüĽ£ûġ

Ҳһ
Ȼ֪ܻͦӭģ˵棬
ͦˬġ

ȥ׼ֱӿ
ˡ

ֱӴһ࣬һȦҵš

ſڵǼǣѽԼ˹ȥԱҲиǩѵ˲䣬ǰһ
ҲμģԷ˵ҲǣҽԴ޸ʦ

ѵͷǩ
׼ת᳡

ǸԴˣ࣬ʵһ޸ģҪͭģҲһ㣬ѧͦӵġ

ѽ촩Ҳ¡أһѩĺʽ򵥴󷽣ǰĺڽĸǵ㾦֮ʣ򵥵ĳ˼־¡
һױȹϵһխ

㹻Ưһ˵ע
Բ˶ſ߿

Դ̸ͦģѾͳֻ˵ҪǼӸ΢ŰɣҶͬУʲô޸ϵĵãҲ໥

ЦЦĿŶԷҪڡ

Զһû¶ȵͻȻ
ʶתͷȥĵƹ£ǸΣվÿĶһġ

Ŀԣϣźۼɨһİˡ

ѣ
ղţ˵仰 




20.   20     վһߡ˫

ڶʮ

һʼû, վԭЦЦĿ
Σûż߹ȥ

Χ˶һ᲻صĺĿ, ԴСʣǲڽ㣿
Դȷʵһ۾ͱǰ
ʵ̫Ưˡ

˼ҵڶû˵仰, ֶ֪
ĵֹԭѡ
ֺе졣

ѿԴһۣ΢, ͻȻЦ
ԴЦЩĪ̲סʵôˣڽ𣿡

ǡѵȻ
˵꣬ͻ˹ȥ, Ц, ʱߡ

ò˵, ˸Էֿվ, ͬķ㣬վһ𣬷·ԴԴ, ǻŵյ޴ˮ, ûۡ

Ѵ˫ֱ˵, ôֱĿš
ԺͷȴͣĴת

һԸ, ƽ޲м仮һӺ磬ֵ
ղȴڽ
ȥ, Ҳֻһԭ

ñҪ΢š
Ϊʲôأ
ȻΪԴˣ

һάŵȻ, ԺѾ˵ȻΣвŻʹ˾ѡ

ΪʲôҹѱֱĿӱĻᡣ

ʱ䱿һ, ղʲô
ʦģ

תһ룬ĵ׸ˣսߣװʵԸղţϣҹȥ㣿
Ǹղȷʵû˼

ûС
ֱӷϣ䵭Ҫ
ʵǣøˡ

ڽңΪʦŤͷԶܷ˹΢΢ͷԷĿײ˸š

ܷһ㶡
ѵһûϳһ۾ϳѡ
ʵܷ꣬绻˺üˣҲãҲãһһߣġ

ڿѵһ룬˾ըëĶ¡
رȻվڸʱ䱵ߡ
ʲôʱʶģ

ͻȻ̧֣ᳶ¸ʱװڣָƽССޣȴʱһץס
𶯡ѵ˵

ʱüΪҪĮҪ˭Ҹûϵ
Ц˭ˣ
ʶʱ˵ܷͻȻ
Ҳ䣿

ͷ˫ֱĺ˿ʢЦ⡣
ûи˵㴩װܺÿ
ʱû뵽ֳϣȻϷԼûС 

ɶ͵ĮѾϰΪ
ȫû¡

ֱ׵Ÿʱ䱣һһ٣ʱ䱣㴩װ˼һ
ȾɫҪ

˵꣬ǺЦڿԼסˣǵһôˡ
ʱ䱣ǲǻ˵лл

׷ˣԶԼ޿κΣԽ޿֡

һԲȴ»صղǸ⡣
ղŽҹ治ǳԴף

Ҳûٹ䣬ֱô˹
ʱ΢˫ƤĵƬƤϹΣҪ浶ƬŻ߳ĵĺȡ
ѹûֶ

ʱ䱣΢
Цˣͦġ
ŶҽΧȻĵͷ

һ룬ٴοȻİɣ֮⣬Ҵκһ˵΢š
ڱҵ΢ţգգ۾һЦ֪ġ

ʱȷʵ֪ʲײ£ǸкȥҪ΢š
һ仰к·ס

ղţʲôҲС
ǣҲ֪ΪʲôҪ

*

ˣô˵ô࣬ʵ
ʱ䱣ϵﰲŵĻ
ϵҲĲҵ֮ڵģ޸ͱĽᣬμȷʵͦٵġ

ܿ죬и˹˵ʱ䱣ôأ㡣
Ρʱס
Ҳע⵽վߵѣɾȵѣ
湻Ưġ

λǱѧϵںΡʱ䱽˵
ףֻλǸʱ䱵˾ǸԷһģ˵ãΣҽѣһ޸ʦ
֣ãС㿴ſᣬ޸ҵĺ֮㣬ȷʵֵο

λδǵϵΣ˵еϸߡ
˵Ҳǿ޵ĻҲֻǺЦӦ¡

ˣʱ䱣ҸղͺĵǸĿ飬ͦȤģһҪúø˵˵

ʱ䱵Ӧں֪Ըġ
ѣֹȥˡ

ȤʣʲôĿ
ʱ䱿Ĭã˵ͷĿĿЩ㣬Ͷˡ

Ǻܶ࿼ĿҪٵ⡣
ŵľޣǿŶӵҪԷҪиַãԹÿвٿĿز۵Σա

Ѱ
ãʣҪǮ

ʱû뵽ôʣЩЦѵ㻹ҪͶʣ
Ҳ˵ܰأҲ󡣡
ֵʱ䱳Ĭˡ

Χ֮·ĳְסķֱ̧ͷɫĶΪʲô
ûʲôǼ˰ɡ

վǸֲ࣬Ⱦ쳾Ľ䣬žĸɾһͷ˽ȥ
֪ǸŽڣ˵ʵĵǿĵġ
ԼǸˣƫƫϲɸɾˡ

ˣ͸ðĵѧȾá

һ뵽ҲҪΪǮֶ˵ͷҪϥͶʣ;úܲҲܲʹ졣
ʱˣ͸Զ䣬ԶȻ
øκ˵ͷ

˵Ǯ˵Ǯʱõġ
˵

ʱǸۣЦķʣһֱҪ󻧵ԭ򣿡

ȻǸ󻧣Ҿ͵һӵͶˡȥĸطŶԣйŰʮƽ̤顣
˵˲ԼͬЦ

Ǹʱ֪һӣ˰ʾȴûĮԶԣֻµκͺЦ
Զֱ׳

*

ܿ죬࿪ʼˣ϶ŸԵ֣
һȦһĵط
ҵԼ֡

ʱ䱵λȻŸںһ𣬶ںǰ棬̨ҲġԶԶĿŶԷ̫ԶҲû

ʱ䱣ôˣʱŤͷŶˡ
ջվȥ췽ˡ

ûһһֱǰͷд˵ĺ˹ѣôأһء
æأҾûȥҡЦеġ

캫ǣͷ췽ȷʵرæҵͦ࣬һкûѡ
˭㰲ŵλãǰŵƣŷֲѶ徲Ǳ

û£ͦõġͦġ
գ֣˸㻻λãͷˣǳǸСԺ޻

󣬺ջ˸˸λá

¸ջĸʱ䱣ҲһˣԷʣڣıأ

ʱ䱿»λõѣ˵ˣˡ
ԱΪ⣬ĵҲһ
ϾλöȰźõģλͻȻҪѻλãȻǲþܾܻ鷳

˳ʼѾǫ̃иŮ˳䵱ˡ

λȥ޸ʦҵĶãһλǹҼż̳ˣȻǲǺԴǣǷԼĵã˵ͷͷǵ
ڳˣҲü档

֪˵λһ졣

״ôˣ
췽ӿ󣬾Ȼֲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
û취˭˼ϽĿ󡣡

ԭλ׷ߣիһλ޸ʦͬʱҲһλרҡϹӽĿرǼĽĿΪ𱬵Ƣ˷ͻ⣬ҲĿ˲

ͷҲ֪黹˳ƶÿÿ֣Ҫں䡣

ƽͣһʼ˵˵Լĵã˭֪Ҫʱһת˵֪ʱ仯ˣܶһУ˵ǰϹأ;öϹŶϵҾãǸ򽻵ЩصĹأǲǻš

ܼǡƣ֪ߴ֮֮ν֮Ȼ⽳ˣ͸סģЩ˵ǺãԼֱ£ΪֱǮʲôǮǮ׬

Ĳ˵ͺñ˼ȵֵԱģȻѧ޸ôܽ͵ͷȥءҪ˵ҲͰˣȻΪǮйЩмǹȥйʱй͵ȥȥġ

Ҫ˵ˣҪǰʮ꣬Ǿǹ
۲۵Ĺ

Ȱλһ䣬ҪΪǮҪ޸һУԸᣬмɫҸǮ˸Ͻˡ

ֳһˡ
ĺԽԽԡ
رˣⲻָ˵ǸŮ޸ʦ

ƯŮ޸ʦڳôһλ

ҲʶѵģϾĴŮ޸ʦڳľûʹţĸѣǺܺϵġ
˲ס߿
Ҳ߯ˣֱҪ˺һƤҪڵٲš

û뵽ǣ籩ģѣôϣȻ̨ҫͷĭɣԼ޼ɵ˵ЩĻ

ǰĺգ¶̲סڵһ¾Ҫվ
ȴԱߵͽ־һѹס

ʦʱǧҪס־С˵ҪǴҶ֪Сʦ塣

ؿֱѹŭڴҾͲ֪Сڴ϶ʦ

ԭիѵʦһ˳һ̫͡
ôˣҲûʲô£˭֪ʲôء

Ҫ˸Ͻ־˵
մߴ٣Ͻġ

־ҪŮ˴ɫϽλ״ߡ

ϣ΢۾ԭҪ˵
ǰͻȻиݵӰվҪ졣

Ǹһ¡ʱվȴڳ˶ˣߴط𣿽⿪Ĳǽᣬǡ᣿

իʹˣЦе˵ҲǣֻиĲҵһЩԼЩ;ͷижҲҪ֣ҪְȻҵĳ㣬ҲΪǺá
ͷǽƻˣʹˡ
ȻôҲҪ֡

ЦһΪãͿһС

ʱȻ˵˼ǣ㲻ϧڽһ飬Թ˵ĳƺֻΪã

㡭իû뵽˾Ȼ˿Լӣһŭ֮ʵʲôˣʸѵ𣿡

ѧϵڣʱ䱡

˵仰ʱӣ˹ȥ
ʱ䱵õǰ
ͺһ粨ôǰġ

飬ȴԥվ˳

ʱ䱣Ȼҽ˵ǳҽѧδ˵һλʦǳΪѧõĿģԵ﹥Էġ

Χǳըˡ
ֻμһᣬ뻹ĴϷ

ڣͻȻ˵״Ҳɡ
״ǲӲ˰ɣǡ
ôͷˣ˷ˣҵǾλ˵ͦԵģҪȰ֮ģôˡ

ʱ˴̹Ҫ˵Ļ䵭ȴŷ

իŭ˵ҹ

ԡʱ䱺ԥ

䣬һ֣糹׵ȼ˶ĶŶԷ

ʱĮŶԷȣȷʵǲͬˣ˭˵޸ˣͷǵùƶ׬Ǯۣ֮Ѿáһְҵ󣬶޷ĻôְҵձȻ

ÿһλ˭ϣ޸ҵʧء

ҾӰƣȡ֮еֻҪ׬Ǯ;棬ֺαؾԷ׬Ǯ¸صǰҲƵ½սĿ˵ء

˵޸ƾʵݣǵ;˵ƾʵݣóǵ;飬ô´˵֮ǰϸһ¡ϾһŶٶҪ˵һҪһ˵Ļôܹƾ˵֣¶ء

ͷŭѾŸʱ䱵Ļɢ
֪Ȼʱ䵭һֱŶԣһҲͷֱӣԷ

իѵ裬ԭⲻĻ˻ȥ

Ѻֱײô꣬ûܹ飬Ҳǵһαָű䵭ֻ̫ۺѿűĮ
ѧᱣԼ˶ݣͶԱ˸ݡ

ɺݣŵڣҪΪ˶ɹ޸ʦ

ǵһΣи˺ԥվǰ
ֵ裬Ҳʶһ䣬ȥ

ʱ䱣ƺѾ˵꣬Ҫ˵Ļ
Ȼֱ뿪Լλãߡ

ֱߵѵλԣվתͷƽͣЩֵĻһ䶼Ҫ

ҪЦͿһֻ֣ǰ
߰ɡ

һ̣ѿǰֻݶƣָ޳ǽڷôƽ̯ǰ
ղŰе裬ȴƺһֵ
Ϊװ׵ĸˡ

վһߡ




21.   21    ˡ

ڶʮһ

µҹ, Ȼȴ䣬, ˬǼƵһ޴ıʯ, ڳеñˡ

˾ĳϣ˿˵Ŀ⡣
Ÿʱ䱵, ĽŲ߳
߳Ƶ꣬һ·ǰ

˾Ƶ, ʱɿס, ȴû֡

վڰĽֵ, ɫ, ˶ࡣ
Ѿˡʱ˵
˼֡

ƫƫѴ˿ƣȻ, ͸Ÿů, ȼĲѣɢů˵ϡ
̧ͷ, ɫڻе, ԰֣ٽһ𣿡


ʱü, ƺû
, ѵͣ˵ôʹ

θʱ䱵ûټ˵̰ĵơ
ůû˻׷ſ

, ΪʲôңѱֱĿ

εʱڿ˵Ϊ֪㲻ˡ

ʱûֱͬ˫ںڵ۾ƽ޲ƽ˾µĺ棬ĵĹ⣬Խ￴ȴŽ˿

˭֪⻰ѿһۣЦ˵ôȷһŪˣ˵ĻڴԼ
ӲҲɿڡ
ƣҪϣУǲһġ

ҲʱʱĮУͻ̲ס֮Ľޡǰڳһݿģ
֪ţԱûеİݡ

ǵļΪ˵ѸɴʣΪ᲻ã

᲻ô衣
ͬҲͬ᲻ãΪǮ˵ͷһ

뷨˲ͷӯϲá
۵׵Ŀģ

ʱ䱿ϣεĵͿġ
ȻˣĻֽޣҲ޼ɵϣһٷ 

ǿɿѵ֣Ҳûپ

ǣʱͻȻ˵ŲԶľƵ꣬ԶֵĻλֻ½͵סҽԺ
Ͼɡֱӽ˸ɷڵϵģ
Ŀ

ƿʧЦ
ԣҸ˵ллô˽ң
Ÿʱ䱣һЦȷһᱨȥ

ʱбһۣ㲻𣿡

˷·һ޻ڡ
Լĳһᡣ
öԷڣǵ

ֻǣʱվ˻ȥ
ϸ˺þã˵ҸĵǣΪվ˳

Ϊվ˳
Ϊҡ

ʱתͷ忡üɹЮ䵭һĵȻǱ˱ݣҲվ
ѲЦ
š

Ҳ˵ô໰Ҫ׶֪ԭô䵭һˣҲƵ
ʱ䱲䲻ֻǽ˽⵽ģ˵˳ѡ

Ц⣬˵˽ʲô
룬û˵ôǮҪȻҲ޻ڣûһǮ⡣

һ׼޺û֮ҪЮ㣬ʨӴ󿪿أ
ѱЦ⣬ؿʵ

ԭѾ׼ǰߵˣͻȻͣ½ŲʹۣĿ˫ÿü۱ҹɫȾһԵøãŲǰ档
ǵٴѶ

Ҫģһᾡܣ㡣

*

Ϊǰһϻְ˴޻ڵڶ죬˯ͣѲű绰ѡ

ѣȥμֵǸˣʵ
Ѵ˯һ

ԣǸ״㣿
⻰ѵ˯ȥӴͷң򿪴ʵô֪ģ
һ̨Ҳȥɷˣ뷢ڽ棬˭֪˵ˡ̨ʹˡ

¶ȷʵֵͦģΪǹٷ֯һ

̨쵼ҪҪŵŽĿ棬ȻܷԵĻ档
ȥɷõˣиʶ
ΪȦѵƬ͸ɴ¶ˡ

ʲôƢһըˡ

ŭҿһǸƬΣҪˣôˣȻΪϲΪѺ󱲡һҲ֪ԣ浱Լʲô¸صĴ˰

۾һⶼûˡ
еʡ

ֻ򿪳ģʽֻȥϴּ䡣

˵һ룬ͻȻˮأ
ˢϴѵȻ

֪ϲ޻ҹ˾ױţӦɣһ͸ˡ
˵ҵ޸ʦôˣ޸ľͲǹҵĹ屦ЩҪû޸Ҫˡ޸ʦѵͲ׬ǮҪôߣαһ쵽ϵ̨ĽĿ

һģֱʹ졣

ϴ֮󣬵СԼһ衣


ѲϲһԲϾͿԸ񣬵ⲻͱի

ЩʵʲôʱͷҪ㰡
һֱʦЩ͡
ˣȻǨŭһף˹ȻһӲֱʦ

̨֮ǰĴţ˵ѹǵ̨ᵽһı顣֮ǰ̨иƬĿĄ̊́ϢҸŵ΢˵㣬Ƭ˵ĴѵʱӴһС߻Ǻޣʲô˵֡

Ƶĺһڲ裬Ц£Ĳ˳ʺ 

λ㣬ıҺݡ

˵ֳиڰ˵ˣ˵ҵ۾ѩ붼տأӸʶѿʼͱѵֵص֡
ȦԲзʲôʲô

ĿеŮôԼҵŮôڮ

ҪǿǸϴҲʮ꣬޲ȥ

Ƶ˵ˣǸʱ䱡
Ĭ˴ӣȻ͵شһУʱ䱣

̲סֻϣԼԶ㡣

һֱᵽǸڣҲֳһȻһּλõĿ˵Եʱվ˵άģ
һ

ҪǿԼڵ̨ҪУȻҲ࣬꿽ʣѣôܱô侲ģ

侲
ǣΪʲôһֱ޻ҹΪһ۾ͻ᳡ϵһĻ㲻ܿƵͻͻ

ɴ˯˴ҹĻ
ֻ޻ʱ

УУҵðָǰھ͸
˵˲㣬ѷ˼侲

ôˣܶһ˼ûаɣЩš
ֺһˮǵڡ

ĿǣЦôоһصģ
һ㡣
⻰ȷʵѿš

ͻȻ̾˿˵˵ʵһʼʱһ;λڳ˧ҲҪȥ׷ɡͦ⡣һ˽͵͵£̬
ǳĻ

ʲô̬ѵʡ

ǳ״򿪻ϻӣ˵Ҿã㳤ôƯвŻ˵ԣֿɵðɡλھͲһˣеһģֱӾܾ˰ɡ

ѣأ
԰Ϊһʼղܵģ䵭;ܾԵر𡣡

Сĵ֣ߵ¥ݿڵˣȴΪ洫
ſվ

СԺ˵ɫͬ׵Ԩ

в𣿡ѵʡ
绰Ĺ䡣
ֱ˵ֻΪǸʱ䱡

ԭѾתˣͣ½Ųصߡ
ֻΪǸʱ䱡

*

˻ΪҪϰ࣬òҶϵ绰
Ż˷䣬»˼·

޴¥䣺ѽ㣬ѽڶ¥µˡ
Ѿˣѽ·ϵŦۣ

˵¥ɡ

ѽƽװ̨ϣʱ߽ʱһ۾ͿǷ
֮ǰһֱߣգΪѧУæµѾкüûû뵽޸չȻ֮Ѹ١

޺ˣʱߵװ̨ԣͷŻ
ԭգѾʧ
ԭȾЩۼҲѾˡ

ɷŹž֮⣬µĳ·Χŵī㡣

ѣţͿ԰ߡ

ҹ޸ɡ
Ÿʱ涢ŻģͻȻԼһҹҲû׷ѡ

Ƭϵһ˵
һʼʱ䱾͸ѣŻԭƬʱδٻģ
ڣĽȫ޸ˡ

ʵҪʲôꣿ

֮ǰһֱû̸Ǯ⣬˿̣ʱڡ
ͻȻЦˣʣǮ𣿡

ʱ䱵ͷֱӽԼǮ˳һǮһûʲô֡

ֹҿԴ򿪿𣿡
ʱ䱲ûзԡ

ѽĶһһ˳
ȷʵûʲô
п֮⣬ֻһöƹӵĹǮҡ

Ҫ𣿡ʵ
ʱʵ˵ʱ꿲ĸΪ˰ģصΪöǮҡʱһڹɮ˸˵꣬ɱƽ

˵һֱţ
ֻΪ˼İʵⲢܱʲôƽʱ䵭˵

͸𣿡ͻȻʵ
ʱʱɫ޲ãֻ˵öǮҲֵʲôǮԹǮҸȤҿԸղؼֵġ

ѽǮҾҪˡ

ʱ£˵֪öǮң޸黭ķ̫Զ˼ɣʵ۾ͺá
ǾãΪ֮£Żˡ

ȻĸΪģҵȻռΪСɣҾöǮΪԺҪӦһԸ
ֱǺЦ

ʱһ

ûشЦ˵İɣһܼ飬ҿ϶ǿѵġ
磬öǮңӦһ
Ҫ̫ۣҲ̫
Ų

ʱƺ֮⣬ܿ죬ͷ˵á

ѽǮɽȪ˵ʱ䱣ˡ

ʱ䱿һ̣˳Ĭ
ԭˡ




22.   22    Ҿǵ׷㡣

ڶʮ

Ũ, չⱻʱ䣬ضų۵ɫʣдеУ԰, һ֦, ĳ۵ѿ
ȥߵĶװѧУֻȻһµ

˸ɵѧ, п˵еףΪʲôҪѧУˡ

ʱỵ̂Ϊֵѧ, ܶࡣ
ʻٶȲܿ졣

Щ, Щһ, ٲϵ, űɣӽ
Ϊѧ̫ˣкüѧУ, ѧһг

ʱ䱣ôĽĻ, Ҳ

ǻ˰ɣڹǿϰ, еˡ˵¶, ڰɡ
ʱ䱵ִڷϣɫһĳˮ

ֻ, , ̫һĸо

ʵˣλôˣ
˭ʱ£Ȼʡ

װ, ֪ʵ˭ֱһ¡
ʱ䱲õء

Ӿ֣áãúÿ˵ģʵУλϱ֮⣬ûܸȵĹ˻ĸзϱֵģ˼主󻨣

ѾͲһľŵ仭ֽ߳ˣͣ£˵ǳ࣬
ۼѣôѵ˵ġ
ɲңλﵱС׻

ʱƺЩͷüͷţͳ죬ô۱˵ġ

Ҳû˵İⲻĽЦ

ҵֵˣ񻹵ĸʱ䱣λӢĵ䷶
Ц˵Ĳ˵ԺҪϱ볤Ͳܲϱ̫ɣҪȻ֮䣬ദˡ

ʱ̲ס

˵㣬˵Ҳû

ڵѧУʳãһ·ʶʦͷкҵһ԰λã̾һΪʲôϲʳóԷԭ̫˹עˡ

ʱⲻҪĻ䲻Цһ
˵̫˹עˣӴӶóʪֽӲ˲

ӣû𣿡
ڸʱ޿̣ûˣ

û棬ӵͷһر˵ʵǰ컹ҽԺ
ʱſӵ֣΢΢
ãԼ䵭ʣôˣ

ƲӣڱﲻסЦ˳ȻȥҽԺʯ࣬ҪȻΪȥҽԺ

ϰ࣬ù
޵ֱǹѣûôأԴһµʯ࣬Ҳˡ

ʱû࣬һȥʯࡣ
˳˼䡣

ЩͬŸʱ䱣ʵ֪ʲô𣿡
롣

ӶΣͻһЦ治밡ˡ
ʱ䱺һۣһ衣
裿ӾԼԩ˵ǻֵżҲϴСˣߺò׳һúúץס

ʵܿóʱ䱶ѵ̬Ȼ治һ

˵ڳ֣˼Ұ
ٷϣҲûá
ÿʵж

ʱ䱣ҾûҪȥ飬ȥˣѲҪΪǼ£һӲ̸飿ӿĵȰ˵
֪ʱ䱵֢Ķȥ̫ˣʱ͸ȥ

˵ˣ˼˵ûգþûˡ

ʱбһۣȴû˵

Դ޻ȷʵû档
˵ˡ

*

ʱڿΣ֮ʵ࣬Żص칫ҡ
Ͻ̰ǰҡ

ڿǸΣڽݽϵģһϡһȥһһȥȫͷ

ɾô棬ʱֻһɨͿ࿿ǹ
Ҳû۵ĵһš

Χˣһ۾Ϳѡ

ѵЦжŽ̨ϣڴ򿪵Եˡ
ѧϿΣPPTǱزٵġ

ѽôô˧˧˧
˰ɣÿϿΣҶҪпһ顣
û취ÿҿٿԼΧ֮Ĳ࣬빷֮ĻҪ󡣡

ѣ

ܿϿ𣬸ʱóᡣ
һһֿʼ䵭صҡ

ò˵ѧѧУʻͦߵġ
ûв
ֱֶ֮󱳣š

ʱ䱽ǰԱһţֱ˵βڵͬѧֱȡѧڵĩԳɼ

һƬȻ
ֺĲð
ʱ䱵ɨһȦϿΡ

Ž̨ˣơ
βˡ

Ȼ㲻ʲôȤĿγ̣Ǹʱ䱵ĿȴȤ
ڿξȻڲ֪ʱȹ

¿εʱ˵пκɵʱ䣬вĵطҡ

ѴʱڰСֽ
ǵˡ
ȫǸҪ΢ţҪѵġ

ûһ׳ţп㣬򵥵͵ȷʵǸûУ԰Ůѧĳܷ࣬Ķ͵ˡ

仰˵꣬¿

ʰ壬ҲŮԼĿñʼǣȥ̨⡣

ԭأûж
ĵţ˭֪֮ǰдСֽûõӦƺ̫ģֱӹҪ΢š

̧ͷŶԷ˫ںӣʱ̫䵭Цӯӯ˵ǸҪ׷ˡ

Ҫ׶ô벻ĹﻹҪ׷ˡ

˼ҼȻô˵ˣкҲû

̨ͬҲ֣üŮűʼǣڵŴɡ
һͦѺãŶӵš

һߴҪ΢ŵˣһ߰ĿŸʱ䱡

ÿ˵ľ붼Ϊ̫ߵԵʣִڽ̨ԵббĿţĵԷϵĲࡣ
⣬Ѿ¿ʱȥʮӡ

¥þģŮ⣬˵ڣǾȥԷˡ
ţټʱ䱵Ӧ

Ů߳˽ңһ̨̨̣£ֻʣˡ

ʱ䱰ʰѾϣҲҲ߹ֱϵṴ˳жʰ׵ֱתſڡ

һ




ĵĬĬţۿһߵſڣﾲķ·ֻʣĽŲֱߵſڵˣŲͣס

ߡ
ͷĬĬһ֡

ʱվſڣͷ㻹𣿴Ҫˡ

ٿ¶Ц⣬վ
Ǹʱ䱵һμûȹӣô򵥵ţп㣬ţ޳˫һ

ߵǰͷ忡Цڵҡ

ʱޱĿǲԾĽһߣÿѵѵʱ򣬶

ǡڴ˿̣ȴһֵ
ץס֣Ȼ֮ʣֱӽ˽˳ƹš

Ҫǵɣһ
Ůε˵ҲŲҪأΪҲ֪ҽֿսÿζҶֶš
ǻǣϲѽ

һˮ𣬶Էվ⣬Ǹһ֮

ͬѽʱѹڽŰϡ
ţŵİ׳ʵϲҲסܸܵظԼֻԲĴС

һʱ䣬ʱ䱵ĺë

ͷѹɿ
˿£ͷѽڳȥ

һڲǵСԧ졣
Ȼһ⻰ʱ䱲ˡ

ڣŮ𣺡ˣˣҿˣȥԷɡ
ãȳԷٳ㡣
Ҫ

С޼ɵεһţ˽
ֱǵʧ

ԾģڸʱƿԼ֮ǰɿ

ʱ̲סʵѣڸ
㰡ѵȻ˵ҪǱ˿˵ΪŮѧڽԼᡣ

ʱƿԡ

ã˵㲻˵ˡ
ԣ˵ֱĿ£˵ǣ޻飬ˡڱģûС

ʱٴΣܵ޿κΡ

Ĭãٴʣʲô
аٳ˷ʤ

ֵЦˣġ

ֱ̧ĹӣǼĽ˵ʲô档
Ҿǵ׷㡣

䣬仰ȼ˸ʱԺУǸҡ

֮ǰҲֱ˵Ϊڰ޻ҲϣӰ쵽޻ҲϣֱЮֵĸо
ʱ䱣ǲǻҪллô˽

ֱԵҸʮ侲ʱ䡣
ʮ졣
껭ڣʮ졣

ʱ䱳ĬǰĹü۾ȾЦ⣬˵侲ˡ

ԡ
ʱ䱣׷ˡ




23.   23    㲻ϲģҾͶ

ڶʮ

ҵһȴû, 磬ХķڶĤ̼ű˴ˡ
˷, Χˡ
˴˵ĺ, һ̣ķᡣ

ʱһԲѾͰš
ܿ, ̧ѣ˵˷ʱ䡣

Ҳ˵, ô֪˷ʱ, ûһ˿ܾ, ΢ͷ, ûаɬ˵ԣô֪ء
Ըһִ֣ǲײǽͷ

ĸ, ײǽ, ͷѪҲǽײȻ̤ǽǰ

ֱ˵Ծܾ, Ҳ׷ҵġ
ʱ䱣
ֻ֪ͨԼһġ

ҲԼǺް, Ÿʱ˵㲻ãڹæ, ̸ֽڰɣ
ǽ, ʵʱ䱶ͷͻͻֱ

˵ĸоͺһǧһɡ
ҲȻĶסԼ졣

ͻȻЦϷһ˿, ǰս˵ڣӦ֪ʲôİɣ
Ȼֻ֪ûΪʲôͻȻôʡ

޸ʦҵְҵҲԳΪְҵЦ⣬ְҵ˼ǣҿɵİԼʱ䡣㲻õʱ䣬𡣡


ʱ䱳׳Ĭ

˽ţʱ䱵ֻ
Ѻĵһ㹻Ŀռӵ绰

ͨ绰꣬ʱתҵţ˳ȥѴϡߵ¥µʱ˵ڣҶҲˣҪȥԷɡ

Ҳˡ
Ҳ֣ɹøʱ֮ǰſǶС¡

ʱ䱣ҪǶˣԼȥʳá
ǣͦǿġ
תͷ˵ѧУǵǲӦҳԷ

Ͼÿʱ򣬶ɶһʢĲдġ

ղŲ˵ϣбЮֵĸоҾýʺһȥԷʱ䱵˵
ѣ

ʱ䱼ǰߣֻоԭˣûмǰ˼ûж

ڣʱ߳׺ͣ½Ų
תͷ䵭Ҫʲô

վԭصѣСŹЦóԵģƼĺóԵġ

*

֪ǲȫÿһѧôһʳ֣²ĩҲɻֵΪ
ѧ֣
ƽʱѧϲԶܶ๤Ҳרſ

رǽмҵ꣬ʳƼļ𣬻ŶӶҪһСʱ

֮ǰ֪ҲΪԽԹΡ
ߵʳϣһ·ϵ̶֣ر̲ͻſڡ

ʲôʱʵ
˵Ҳ˵ˣƼģûϳԹ
١

ʱȷʵûôһǾ۲;Լᡣ
ϵĽձͶȽϴ󣬺ٻƵо۲ͣԻ̫ߡ

ϸ˵̣ͻȻָָԶһһ꣬˵Ǽҿóԡ
ô֪ʱ䱿һۣ

⻹ţ˵ȻǺóԵĵŻŶӣ˻ỨһСʱʱ䣬ȥһҺѳԵĵ𣿡
оݣݷ

ʵѡҵ꣬Ҳ˽ĵģŶӵʱŵԽʱ䱵һʱ䣬Խá
汻Լ۷ˣôеĻ
һԣȫڸʱˡ

߰ɣͳҡն

߹ȥһţͿʼſŶӡΪ˷ңصſڰ˲ٵӡ

˶û£վһԡ
ھһ̲꣬ſϣŻ̵Ʒ
ˡ

ѶſһԱ䵭ʣȣ
򡣡ǿϾֶǷ̫࣬ƽ˿ˮȪ֮⣬ϲκδȵĶ
̲棬е裬Ҳ̫ȡ

ʱûֱ֨߹ȥŶӡ

˭֪ǰŮȻʶڣá

Ǻáʱס

Ů̲裬߹ֹ˵ھȻҲ̲裿
Ůİɣ˶֡
ǰɣ˵ûŮѵģѧУŮʧ

̲˹ȥǽߵѣŲԶˣĵš

ȸʱ̲ʱѽӹܸղȥͻȻʣһ
Ҳȡ˫ֲ嶵ĸʲôƵá

ҲûһڣͻȻ˵ղѧ
Ӧǰɡ
ʱȷʵвϾֻ֣ܼסе죬Ͼÿѧ٣רҵѧѡ޿Ρ

̲裬üЦ˵̲ǸŮġ
ʱ䱣

֪ԼѾռ˱ˣٵôߡ
е̲סҪòһ¡

ΣʱڳĬ֮ϣͦ˵ŶŪˣллѡ´ϿΣһġ

ôôСˡ
ѷ֣ʱѾٵı׷ʹ
˿ʼˡ

˾ô˼ٴΰΪҪһСʱû뵽ֹ˼ӣǾȻһſڣһˡ

ǸҽԺͬ¹۲͵ģѵý쵥ͬ¶ֵࡣ
һϼƣ͹Է

Ժ뿪ֲԶʮӾ͹ˡ
û뵽ǵߣӾͿ˸ʱ䱺ѡ

ʵȿģǿƵһСʿ۾ر⣬ֱ۾˵ҽǲǸѰ
ʱ֮ǰΪˣȥǹǿƣﲻ˶ʶˡ

ԱǸòŮ𣿡ʿһ

Ҽ忴ȥվǽǵλãǵطƹ⻹ͦģƫƫ˸Ӷرȳڣرըֵĸо

˺䰡Ҳ֪˭Сֹһ䡣

ĵ׵ľȣȱ١
ǧȹȥ˴кҪʱô

λԷأ߹ȥ䲻ʵ
ֻʧǣ˼ֱϹ˭ҲûţѶƵĴֻĻ̧嵭һЦҽ

ʱ䱿һֳ˿ͬԷ

ǣŸʱ䱣ôôء
һԷԼѵʱ˻һ޹ص䵭ģϾͱ˼ҹһԷء

ڣҲʵ̫

˶࣬ͬ϶˴üҲ㹻Ӿһ
ѿۣԼĺţСŶʱ
ҪȰСʱء

Ǹһ˶¥ȻǸᣬ泳ӵĴ

սᣬӾͼ͵Ÿʱ䱣һȥˡ

˭֪һȥʱתͷʣ𣿡
ЩҪɳʱ䱵Ҳǲ飬ǳر٣ٵӸóҲͿôһΡ
ϴʱ䱳̵ʱ򣬻Ǹүӵϡ

˸ĵطӰԼóʱֱӳһϣû顣

ô°
ʱ䱳֣ӴӶͳֱӹӵ֮һ

ʲôʱ䱵ͷս
⽫ޱȾǳɫر

ӣ绹˵˼ûϵˣôϾʹһˡ˵ôҲ˵ʵҪһ飬ֵܵĳ֮⣬ѵЦ㲻ɡ 

ʱɿϨ𣬶̣һһ
ûһѧУԷ

ѧУģ˵Ҳ㿴˼
Ѿֱ˵ˡ
ʱ롣

˵㵽ʲô˼ܾһ޷Ǿ˵ģ㲻ѣ̫𣿡

ֹݣֱ޼ɵ
ֲûǰôԴ׷ߵӣϷأһ˿ᡣ
˭ҪǱ¶һ˿ϲ˼Ѷûõ룬ޣɴģӶɣѾϱʲôɮתɡ

ҪȻô񣬵̶ֳء

Ҳʱһ̣û档ã˵Ҿеû취
û취

ˣʲôû취

Σʱû˵Ͳ¶Ҫ˵ڵӣˣܸ˵̶ֳȣѾѵĳ̶ȡ

*

»ذʱѾʼˡΪ˶࣬˵ʱ
ʱʲôû㡣

ʱ䱿һۣ뿪ڣ룬ʲôû˵

ϵˣȻͦģһʼջûʱ򣬴Ҷ˼ʣֻǱĺ䡣

Ȼһʳʼ
ΧһҲŵˡ

ѣʲôģʿʵ
޸ʦ
⻰һ˵˵ʱȤ

иҽʵר޸ģ
ѵͷ

ҵʱ˵û뵽ȻʵУ޸ʦԷ׷׸ҹһЩ˲Żĵ⡣

ֱиʵѹһأһŽڣһ޸ʦȷʵǺôѽ

⻰һ˵̧۳Ÿʱ䱿ȥԼԱߡ
ôֵĻ֣ڣûÿӣôִϣԴһֹ¼䡣
ò˵žҪķΧУġ

˵ǱᣬҺ͸ڲŮѡ
룬ʱǡ

˵⻰ʱʱ̲סһۣû뵽ʱʱ̿Ҫռ˵ˣô塣

Ҳû뵽˾Ȼ¡
һʱҲΣǸϽתƻ⣬˱ġ

Ҳʱѳûʱ䱣˵㲻ǲϲǡ
ʱ䱳Ĭ
ֱЦ˵㲻ϲģҾͶˡ

һ̣ʱ䱳壬ȷʵû취
Ϊ̫ˡ




24.   24    ĵص

ڶʮ

û뵽, λһֱսĿԴʦԾӵʦȻĲϣô, ֳ˽ӵĳšĿǰ˽ӵĸ, ѾʽԺߣҪ֧ĸѡիڵεһĿļαҲµļαѡλ״ڵں, Ҫߵͷˡ

һӪƵص˵⼸ֵķзի˽ӡ

Ѷϵ飬̫ע
ϵ罻ʺŶû

ի, ǹת, ֪

ƺת, ֱһ绰˹㿴Ҹ㷢Ƶ, ͷȻô췭ˡһ쵽װ֮ʿô͸˽ҲˣȻǮ˼ҡֶֿˡ

һʱ, ˡѵ˵
ֹһʱ, ڵӶսĿļαҪ󶼺ϸģѾӼ, ԺκνĿˡλ˼һǰڼҺŪɡ

Ŷ, ԣӻСӵء

˵йͳϰ, ǲе˶Ǻˡի, Ϊ򣬼ڽĿеڽޣټѵ裬ʵ᲻𾴺ͬ顣

ֺΪʦ˷, ޲йڹơ
ڲˡ

˵Ҳͦɣ㣬ͷôĳɼСŮиڻţүš
ͣеĶڵϡ

޻ʱϣһЩŷֽ
ⲻСԺﻹţһֽ

ҪֽŵִеȷʵҪԶʤŷֽ޸żֻʱ򣬾ͱҪùŴոԭ
ںܶطɻŹŷֽ

ͬҲһ
֮ǰȻʯϣ޲˸ʱ䱵Ƿ

ĵŹĻ˵Ҳδү
绰֮ѱѾвջ·¡

ߵشߣһͨ绰

ѣĵ
ֲŪͷʣի飬𣿡

֪ɽׯҡ÷֮Ц˵

ѵȻ֪˵ɽׯʲôطǰ÷֮ڽһƤһɽׯʵĺܶڲСͼͻᣬɽׯС
ɽׯǻԱƣ˽Լá

˺ܶС

ѱȥģ÷֮˵ûһöҪ㿴
˵һСʱ

Ϊȥ÷֮ѹûз˼磬ֱ޾ȥˡ
һ·һСʱ͵ɽׯſڡ

ĳɽׯǼǹʲôû飬ֱӱС

˵˵ʱ÷֮մ¥һޣЦ˵ҲˣСȥԺóԵģҸѽҪ̸
Сߡ

ЩģҪúСĿǸ˵
ΪҲߣ÷֮ĹϵҲ磬÷֮СӺ壬ÿιҪóԺúȵдš

ã÷֮ϵЦ⣬֣صĿ˵ŮʿɽׯջһµģҪҪƷƷ
һԭŵС¶Ц⣺аɡ
ԱߵСЦţкˡ

һߣ÷֮ͰѴԼճõİ칫ҡ

ѿżɽˣڿ˵ի¶𣿡

÷̴֮һЦѣǲҲ̫ˣͨ󣬻ܱͷ˼ҷ飬˽𣿡
ǰȷʵֲˡ

µعأҲûϵ𣿡ʵ
÷֮һɢЦ⣬˵ҿûκˣֻλŮʿ֪ôѡˡҸһǮǮ˾ʱ˾Ӯˣٵõһʸѡ׬⣬˭޷ܾĺ¶ɡ

˵쾭壬ԼһΪֵĺ¶

һʼҲûɣʱ̫УիںԼͳ顣Ż÷֮绰
÷֮£ڡ
ֱӳϣҲѵ֮С

ѳĬ˻᣺ûҪΪң̶ֳȡ

÷֮ʱЦˣ˵ѣ⻰˵ҿҪˣҪֵô𣿡
Ǳͷֵĺֱ˵
÷֮ϸڵı飬ʹ

ǿҵıѹ÷֮ûûεˣһĵĻôţ̫Ǵ߳ġ

Ϊ£ľիڽô𣿡
ѣ飿

÷֮ߵشԣĴô⣬ȴû˸ղŵɢĮҵˣիȴ㣬޶ָΪǮ޸ΪָǼʵ͵⡣

һʼû뵽ô࣬һΪիΪʦϵѡ
ҲǣʦǵԹô衣

˵ף޷Ϊ档

ͻȻеĮһ䣬Ҳˡ

÷֮Ц˵ããǣǺϵ˵ģȦ˭֪ҵĹϵ²֣ȻҪ㿪
ʱ˸ʱ䱡

ڴѧﰲĽ飬ĿӦòϵĹĶǰɡ
Һá
óһС

ܷʶ÷֮ͻȻʵ
üʶ
ѹء

⻰˵ԽԻ󣬡ôˣ

÷֮ЦʵһʼҲûλ¸صʦʲôֻʵеƲԣͦӲġ¶һ֮ʲô˵ˣԭͶˡֻʱû֣ϣ֪ΪʲôŮͷիڸѿ

ԭ£ܷҲˡ
ѴҲµˣ޷ϣܷʱһ
˱³ɺޣټؼͨڮ÷֮ˮ

ôһ

ǼʵҵͷǣѵȻ
÷֮ҡͷѣһֻ޻ˣѹ̽ն񡣼ʵȷʵҵͷҲΪͷҵŻ˵졣

£תͷѣңһ㡣

ѸҪü÷֮ȴѾߵҲܻѣֱӴ򿪷ıչԭɽׯ֮İ칫һʽıչ

֮ܣС
һ޴ĺӣ˵

߹ȥͼѾ򿪺ӣľ˳Сĵž޴ĳϡ
ѿʱʧμġīͼ

һ򵭶Ѷ𾪣μһ뢣黭˵ãǿ˴д⻨񻭷磬Ӱ˺óĻ滭ҡ

ҪǣμȻǰ־Ʒʮ¼ڡʯšС
ʯš͸ͷˣⱾǬ¡׫¼˻ʹղص黭Ʒ˵Ȿ黭Ʒйǧ黭ʷĹ屦֮е顣

ʯš¼μʮƷղڱ̨ʹݵƷ֮⣬δлͨ۾һֱǰĻ
÷֮ʧ̬Щ˵˻ҪǳڼʵϣػղؽĴ𶯡

ϧҵʱѾڵģ

ͬҲǰ⣬Ϊ޸ʦղص˴ֲڣʵģ˭ʹ

ѣ»Ϳˡ

üͷһҲ˵϶Ļ
÷ܸ֮ʲôۣ㶼Ұ޺á

ã˵ҿ԰ҲҪһ¡

*

ѧϵϵΰ칫ңʱ䱽ӵ绰ʱ͸˹
ϵں飬һϲõ˵ʱ䱣أиϢǱѾҵοĿµĺ

ÿ궼дĿĿҾܹô࣬ԺܶĿˡ

ųĳɹϲ̫ͻر˾ǴǮǴʲô档
˻ҵҵ
Щҵϲţ棬

˼˵ˣΪ֧ǹҿҵķչκεĹеʽǰһԵˣڣôԽֱϵڱ
ںȻʮˣҲĵӡ

ʱü𣿡
ϿɴᣬԵ޹ʵڱ
ʲô׵ģֵĺȥǩԼأⶼǰ϶ˣĿĸˣһȥ

Ȼĵɻ󣬵ʱ䱻Ǿһǰ

Լʱ䣬֮ǰ֡
ӴԱֱӽ˰칫ңֵܿλγ֣ںϤĴк

ΣǱѧϵĽڣʱ䱣ϴνʱӦҲһΡ

֣ãڡ
ʱףƣֻԸоλһֱڴ

ںʵΣ֪ʲôʱ
𼱣Ѿ¥£Ͼɡ

к£˸衣

ʱָŲ豭ıԵĦ΢ʲôֱſڴ̧ͷ˹ȥ

Ϊ׽ֵĹԱģһɫװˡ

ֱһϸӰڸʱ䱵
ɢųֻޱ߱žµ鷢ڷѩľǻˣöƺһ¾

Ҹλһ£λǼʵŵʦָǸ˵ǹԲǹ¹Ŀǣλѡ

ںȻʹˣǼȴá
һ۾ϳѡ

ڽϷ飬ĿءΪʱ䱵쵼ʶҲҪЩ꣬һֱøʱΪ
ûʱ䱷𣬸ڲ²̨

죬իں֮ΪվˣȻվˡ

ȻºЩ˸ò
ں黹ʮάԼλĺ󱲡

ⲻλѣںŶµĹ򣬵˵
ʱָס豭ıѣ͵Ӧ

ѣº󣬳Ц£̬Ȳ룬Ҳֹ¹ζ

λʦǸ˴ǩԼֱóͬ˵ⶨĺͬλĿ

ʱ䱽ͬõȷʵܼ򵥡
ҸǷ

ĳһʱſã󷴶ںʵô£

ʦЦģ÷ܲҪԤǵĹܼķΧڣṩһЩߵС㣬һλרҵ޸ʦϣܹΪʣ濼Ŷӹ

ںȷʵǵãϴθʱ䱾˵λСǸ޸ʦ
Լ˼䡣

ǿȷʵﱣ޸Ĳ֣ںͷֻЩĵĿһ۶Է֮ǰ䣬ҪûʵѧǹˢĻ

˭֪һԵĺͻȻ˵ڽڣѵ޸ˮƽôҿԸ㱣֤濼ŶӹԿʤΡ
ںһ㶡

˵˵ЦʵҵСʦãǰδʱһ˳ʦѧϰ޸ֻǺʼϵĹˡ

ԭǹһ˳˴ʦĸͽںΪĲҵˣûһ˳֡

һ£еĹǾɢˡ
ں׼ǩʱĸʱͻȻվҿԺС㵥𣿡

˵ȻƺҲͲµˡ
ʩʩȻվ˳ȥ

һֱߵ¥ݿڣʱͣ

Ѷգ˿սһޱ飬ȴҪģ
֮ǰ˵֮Ŷӡ

÷֮ʲôϵ

û뵽ʱҲڴ˿ʳ˿ڡ
˼ͬʱ


ѹ
ΪԼΪʲôҪĿŶӡ

ԭĵص




25.   25    ɾ̫г⡭

ڶʮ

ķ, ͬƤĺӣźŨںڵĳ, Ƥ𵽶, ǵЦڻ

ôЦӯӯŸʱ䱣ʵ÷֮ʶ

ʵ÷֮⼸ͷͷҵ, ʵѹոȺͼʿȫ򶥼С
÷֪֮ȲͣʱҪʶҲ֡
־ڣȻ÷֮Ĺϵ

Ѽ˵, ǰһ, , ΪʲôôҺ÷֮Ĺϵ

ʱ䱣μʵΪʲôǵĿŶӣ
, ʵѳʱʱ䱾Ͳµˡ

֮ǰڽϣѾ֪ĿĿѰ, ʱͶºȤ

ȴûش, ˵Ȼشҵ⣬ΪʲôҺ÷֮

ֱ, ۵ײûѰ, ෴ɵˮ
ʱ΢Ʋͷ˵Ҫڮ, ÷֮ķá

һ
ΪԸʱ䱵˽, Բ˵ֻˡ
Ȼ䵭ȴʮ㡣

÷֮жȻ㶼˵ˡѲɸп
ʱ䱣

ͻȻʶһ⣬÷֮˵⼸̽ˮ, 룬ΪŮǼš
һ¡

ѿʱ䱣˵òǻҺ÷ֹ֮ϵɣ

˵꣬ʱ䱾Ȼֱ̧֣š
һָ
أһ£ǽѵ

ѱһ´ˣ˵ʲôˡ
˼벻ôס

棬Ե޹ʵĴӦȻ黭޸ϵ츳κһ˴ѡ

ףҪԼԭ
ԭԼΪ÷֮£˶Է²

ֹģʱѿġ
ĿģһʼСʯͶһȦžһȦһȦоԼնʼ΢΢̡

ͷôĵطҲ

ˣ
ǵȻѣĵҲС¹ײ

ʱǰĹһԲһɲ䣬տʼһ·쵽ĶҲҪѪĺ졣

ۿɼı仯øʱҲɳĬֻǣֲĲͷ࿴һۡ
һȻģէȻӡ
Ҳͦɰ

Ѻܿģ̧ʣҲڹҰɡ

ΪԸȥ÷֮
Ӧ÷֮޻ֻҪʱ䱵ĿĿ

ʱûгĬ˵ֻǲϣ㣬Ϊң
ôᱳٴǰһС˵˵ϣĽŲ̤ĺɽ

ܿ죬ѳЦƵڣ֪໥ģʲô𣿡
ʱ䱳Ĭ

Ѷ£дŵ⣺ģͽ˫򱼸
¸ʱٲȴʣҲϣʵ˼

ͻȻڣгˡ

İɣҸ÷֮Ҳһ飬˵ˣʱҵǮǶҪۡ͵ΪĿҵһݹס
ʱ䱴һۣȴ˵ллĺ⣬ҲǩԼ

Ϊʲô̲סʵ
ʱ䱣κδĿԵǩԼҶܾ
һʱסû뵽ղŻԼͰڳ¹̬ȡ

ˣδҲ̫Į˰ɡ

û뵽ʱ䱵˵ֱӻصңԴǳϿҶίľܾǩԼ
ŵĺյʱͼˣ˵ڣ᲻̫ˡ˵ѲǣĿҲǵȷʵǿڳصθеҵǡҪֱܾں

һԵں飬Ҳֹ

ʦ֣վſڣˡ
Ÿʱ䱣ظڵ

*

ֳʦһεС㣬ͬô죿
Ȼȥɣͬ飬һԸ÷˵ģ֪£ʦûϵֱ˵

ʦͷʣС㣬Ҫȥ𣿡
á

ѲûؼңŽֵĿĵǰߣԼ֪ôˣһӦ֡
׷ʱϣҲԼΪӪ
˳ġ

̫ˣֻǹ̲ɡ
ֵĽ˸ʱ䱵Ĺ

ȷʵҪİȴġ
Ǻ⣬⿴ҲҪЮ
ѹܾ

֮ǰ޻ʱ֮ûԼ˼ǲϣǷӶ֮ĹϵӸӻ

ãͻȻֻ˵绰
ҪҪȪ

ϰĹ
°֮󡣡
ѹһ¡

绰ҶϣķӺ󣬹ĵ绰ٴδ򿪣Ķأ
ҿһֱֱۣߵ·ƣʵ

Ƚ㡣ٴιҶϵ绰

һȽӣǽֱߵľԽïܣ˳ĵĸо·վţһʼȣ
ͷɹһ㱡ʱĳ˽ֱߡ

ŮȥĶһ̰³Цʵ
ֱӴ򿪸ʻţȥ

ɹնЩ죬۵ôҲҸط»ͦߵء

û£ɹɹͦã˳ɹɹˮ
䵭

ʲô
ѿαϣǰҽһ¡

˵˵档
ûдڳιûʡ

ֱ˽һȪƵ꣬ط˾ڻлϴ·Ե˵طֱȪ
һ򲻰˼Դǵ˽Ȫ

ˮ֮󣬹ɻ᣺ˣܸߣ쾿𣿡

ѽȥǩԼ飬˵һ顣

˵꣬ҡҡͷ𾪵ҵѣ֪֪Ϊʲô
ʲô̡
ԵܲΪ
ѣ

ŤͷԼסļҲ㿪ЦˣΪ̫˧ˣҪиԸôңҿ϶صġ

ѺɵĿǾû

Ҳǣʵ˵Ϊÿ˵뷨һȷʵжΪҲ˻ȸԤĹ

ʱ䱣žǺߡ
ſڳرߣѩ׵ļûˮ£һ仺ŵѩ
ֻƵģЩġ

һ˵ļƣ˵ġĸȻǸڣǿϾרҵûʲôǮҪȻҲҪ̡

ĵ˵ͷ

ҪǣӵĶ£˵㲻˵÷֮ĹϵΪʲôʣǷ÷֮һ棬ǿ϶ҲЩζɡϾĸܣܱԼǮ

ʣɹȡõѡ
°͵ֱϣͷҿǵĲȫ

ˣȥôˣһûλأʲôʱҼ

ҲʲôֽڲԶֻ˹
СֱֹֻӵȪ档

ȴ򿪺Ļݵǰ

˿ĻһСƵһڿϵģ̨ϵ˴ż򵥵İɫƳһʼ΢ֻš

ֱƵĵʮ룬ͻȻ̧ͷ˹
һ˲Ź忡ףĻüӢͦ¶Ķͷָɾı

ǹڵ̨ϰ࣬˸·ǵˣһ̣ޡ

ףΪʲôصʱ򣬷ҪŸҪ΢ˡ
ĵͷ
ֵá

ѿƵˣϿʱ͵͵¼ġ
ҲͶʮ롣
֮󷴷˺öΡ

õĳĬʵ˵ô죿ҪǸ𣿡

⸱ûɵģο˵Ҳ̫أҾøڿ϶ǺģҪȻҲ㵥ȥ˵

Ȼйοĵ׻Щڡ
˵˸Ԥ޻ҿ϶Ҳ

ҪʵڲУ͸Ǹ£˵
ЦǸõĻҪ


֮ĵȻ֮ǰôʹ죬Ҳöˡ
һֻؽ

ڸʱ䱵ϣȴû˴ǰȻᵣԼ

ǣԽԽġ

*

֮죬ѺٴδӸʱ䱵Ϣ΢ϵϢҲһʧ֮ǰʱһ磬ͻᷢϢԷ
ҲᷢϢ죬һ

ʱһϿΣʵңֳַ˻Ҫо
ֻʱܻ᲻ԾĿֻ

żֻ𶯣ȥŷ֣

һæ޻飬⼸һȻһżҪ޸ģÿһȫĵͶ롣
;һûĺԽͻȻ˵绰

Խ㣬ҪҪѧУ
ѺȤҪ
ԽСرϲ򣬸ʱΪ˴ˤϹȣڼһ£պû죬ȥˡ

ǱҲżƵ˵ҵǱУְ
ְ̣
֣˳ѵȤ

˵¡
Խԣ긵ҲϳŶҸ˵Ѿõ˳ߵһŵƱϾ˰
һʲôʱ䣿

ڶ죬һ磬Ѿˡ
ص˯һһҹ˯ĤϴʱԼգͺ覴õļ¸ӹ⻬ۡ

¥ʱ򣬸մӳޣ
ôˣļУӳ˳

Ȼ˾վĿɿڴĿѡ

ѼǶ⸱˹飬ɵͷһۣЦÿ
ѽ㣬Ҫȥѽ̲סʵ

޷ӦôΪѵĴţδķ
ƽʱΪ˷Լ޸ʦݣԹΪŵ䡢ţĸ߹ֽ档

ɴ˿һҲ米ģһȴСȹ޳ϸǰǰģγͷźġ

̫ˡ
ֱѪĳ̶ȡ

ޣ̫ÿˣҵø㣬㱻˴š

ԭû޵ģСѾͷҪţֻܽϡ
Լȥĵص㣬ڱѧ˵ǹҼĳݣ֮ǰξٰȫ

ΪƱںԽԼſڼ档

ѽͣãߣ·ϲ˶ˡ
ΪУҶûпΡ

ԽſڣޣΪҲҪصظֵֶҪһƱ
ʱͿӰ
һʼû⣬ֱԷ߽

ԲۡԽһ
Ѿߵǰ̧־ǳԴһƣûûС

Խ´Ĵţһص㣬⣬ʲôѽ
Сֱ֡ӴƱ

ԽͷһۣͻȻڣԼôʹһ䣬ĳȣˡ
ſڣٹͣͷ
Խ٣ʲô

ֱӽ˳ݣ̨ѾŲˣ٣Ů
ǸĸѧУ򣿡Ѻʵ
ԽһˬڱƼѧ

ʱûʽʼֳⳳӣ򳡹裬صž޴ֶ
վڳߣܿһȦʵôû

ԱûأԽ˵꣬Ӷͨһдɫµĸߴ˳
ȺУһۿĸʱ䱡

Ҳڴ˿̣˲䱬˼ͻ

ʱͷԱһڸ˵΢΢ͷһ䣬Ż̧ͷ
棬۵Ǹ

ƽĴţʱһֱϴųĺɫ󣬿ϵˣϡİĻ

ԷԱҲˣ˫ߵߣȴʼ
ΪԽĹϵѵλãڽϯԱߡ
ֱռ˵ơ 

ʱ߹ʱ˵ѧŮôƯҲ̫ѽ
ǿƼҲɡ

Ҳһ˲ʱ̧ͷʶ˵ľ˵Ů˭
վڱѧϯԱߣѰЩֹŵĹ糤ȹһҲĺͶȹվĺͶȹмһϸֵ¶˳
ᣬȹ˫ȣֱϸ
ֱռơ

ʱ̧ͷ˲ѵ߾Ϳ˹֪Լˡ

߹վԭء
ʱ̧ȿ˵ڣͰ

ô۽ް봹Щޱ顣

ǰ࣬˵ͣ˳Ǹ͡

Ǹ
˵Ǹʲô
ϴκͬ飬ҲŵĽĹѿ˵

̫ʱ䱻ŵĵζһ㡣
ʱû뵽˵£΢΢ü
ú󣬵˵㲻ҪǸ

ΪҲû

̧Ķ˼룬ʵҽг⣿

⣿
ʱ䱵ߣ䲻Ƴĳȡ
ҲߣȹʵǶ̵Щ֣Ⱦô¶ڿУ׵ڷĳ̶ȡ

ʱŲߣһԣûУг⡣
ɾ̫гˡ




26.   26    Ҫ

ڶʮ

µô, 죬һ

ڡǱ˺һǺȥ׼

Ѽ״, ̧֣ȥ, 򡣡
ʱŤͷҪߡ
תʱͣ½Ųͷ˹

һ͵, ļͣѼͷֲһ䡣
ʱ⻰, ЩΡ
, Ҫʶˡ

ʱһΧĿ, ûʲôо, ˷ܳ׵Ĳ⡣
һ, ȴ, ЩĿⲢǳԼ
ǿѡ

ôˣѼǶԼʵ

ڸʱ䱵˵㲻𣿡
䣿
ѵͷһԼ, ȷʵǴͦ, ʵҲٴ·, Ҳڹ޻, Ҳǳȹ硣

ò˵ʱôһѣŷ֣Χܶ˶ߡ
ʵ첻ŮĴһ, Խۣ¶ĵĴţǽȫһ۹ⶼ˹
ֻ͸ʱ

µͷ΢̧°ͣȻаɡ
θʱû˵

߻ԼĶԱߣûһн˺һƺڽῪ

űʼѵ˵һŵλ¡
ӵ˴ĵطǺԽ˵£ôܾܾôƯĽ㣬ԼԱߣȻȫͬ

㣬һԱ߰һӡ
ѵͷлл

ԽƳ˶ԷһֱֹۣȥסӣСӣ˼
˵ʲôأԷԴǵǵĽҰôˡ
ԽЦ

Ҳû˵ﹷһûϣ

ϣǸԽԶһۡ
˭֪Ϳʱ۷˻

ڵͷֻƳԼǰվһˣЬרҵЬ˳Ь̧ͷ߸Ҫϡ
顣
ȻǰһƬס

ѵԴëǵʵʵûüȥëǵë˹쳡ݿ˿յͦġëȽ㡣

ڽëͷϳ
ͷţվǰˣҲ衭

ëǸɾģʱ䱴Ȼҵġ
˲סë
Ҫˡ

û˵ллʱѾתٴ뿪

ѵͷһëһͦëɾҪëľ㣬Ǹʱ϶еζ
ź֪ļ١

иղ˵ġ
ѹǣԼԻɡ
֪ô˵ĻŲܾɡ

һԵĺԽϽֽë˳¶ȣȫʵʵ㣬ڿǵľȫҲⳡͦģϽϣϡ

Խĵףֱʱ䱵ʮޡ
ȻҲִƯŮǵŮԼҵ׽ʱֻ޲ðѿЩӶٳ

Цһǰëϡ

һĻȻҲȫȥرЩŸʱ䱶Ů
濴̨ϵʹ

㿴ûھȻǸŮë
ûûҲš
˰ɣʵɡҿǸŮļֱˣôôϸôİվһҲ̫˰ɡ
ĺöأ˵ǸӰɱ֡

̨ϵŮǽͷӶੲݡ

Ȼʱ䱶Ůٴɫǹ¹ģҲΪڴĵףá
Ҳûܵõĵһˡ

ͻȻ䣬ôһŮڻëݸ

ⲻȫŮѴ

ȻѵĶߡ
ϣųϣʱк˫Աߵ롣һڰС

ԱͬԾ
򱻴µǱѧӣ˵һĿȨ

ֱǰһףһ·Էǰѵ۾һֱųߵĸʱ䱣ʱһСܣ෽Ӧ
Ծ°ڻε·һ硣

µԽļңֱվµĶѣͻȻ˹ʱԾ𣬽򣬶ԷķԱǰ
ʱһ򣬾ΪҪˡ
ͻȻһԷԱľ룬ͬʱҲվ⡣

˵ע£ǿڰлһߣӦ
֣

һȫ鳹ױȼ
ӦԮͬѧô򣬹Ȳ֯һ

ֶԿ˶ȫȤˣʱҲ̲סֹ̧ơ

ʱ棬ڸʱ䱵Ĵ£ѧӴĸǿƣ칥ϡ壬Ƿ׷֡
رǸʱ䱾ȻǸͶ֡

ȥͰ˵ôӣҪŸڼأԱһܵ˵

ԽǺһЦͲ֪˰ɣ˵ڴѧʱ򣬾֡
ѹأȥһ֡

Խ˵𿴸Ǹ㿼ŵģ˼ܿһ㶼ȥ걱еɱѧУĴ˵ȫ⡣
ԱͬѧȿôԸڵô˽⣬òСԵܰɡ

Խ̲סԱƳһۣΪʲôԸʱ䱵ô˽⡣
Ϊ㡣

ѺûһĿųϡ

һ죬һڽ˫ʱ³Ϣ
ëԥҪҪ͹ȥڴʱ֪Ůǰݸһƿˮ

ƵĿαϣ˴һƿˮ
֣ùԱ߶û򿪵һƿˮ

Ůʧջˮָˡ

ʱšƿǣͷں´ǳȵȻѴδˮ̬΢ţˮ˳žҹĺһ㻬¡
˵ϣԸеǿͷ
£󱳶ˮʪֽвδɢ

ƺǸܵߵߣʱںˮšƿʱ̧߿һۣ΢̧°ͣ˴Ĵָ

ʱԭޱͻȻ´ǣ¶һ˿Ц⡣

ָָ̧֣Լϵë
ʱƺ˼ҡͷ

˸Զʲôû˵ȴ·̸һء

ǵԱߺԽʮֳζ˵㣬ǸĬء
졣
Խ
׵ܵܣ׵ܵܰ

*

ܿ죬ڶڵıٴοʼοƼѧ·˲ԣ˰еİ취Ըʱû׳Ļᡣ

ǸʱҲѸٸı˲ԣʼǿߡ

һ˫ԿƵķƵӡ
رǸʱݳϿֵˣ֮ǰƵߣҲǿͶ

ҿƼô°Ÿһ˷˰

ǰһ룬ʱҪԾʱԷֱǰһͶ׺ݵײļϣʱֱӴӿбײ

˷ļ
ڵذϵľ޴̼ÿ˵ĶĤ

ʱǳϵԱǳµĹڣ׷׹
رЩŮվųϴ󺰣һʱ俴̨ϵ˷

ѵ۾ȴŸʱ䱣Ϊµһ˲ûеһʱվסԼֱۣɫʹࡣ

ܿ죬ϵҲע⡣
ѧӵĽϽһͣܿ죬ʱ䱱ѷ˹ȥ

һʣ˶ʼδġ
ԷԱ

ֱʱվԱͨߣȻ˳ˡ

ôˣ
϶˰Ҳ̫˰ɣȻײˣ
ʦ˵زذۡ

ëֱվ
һԵĺԽ״ϽǵԱͨʱţǺԽϽ˵ȥҸڡ

ԷһѣղŸʱ䱸ëʱ˶ˡ
ŷȥϢҡ

ϢſڣǳģѿʱڳϣԱߵУҽ˵ܿ죬һֱϡ

Ѱվԭأûǰš
ֱʱ䱰űʱתͷſڵˣĿԡ

ѡΣ
ǰߵֱ࣬ۡ

ΪбţҲƾô

ǰıδϢ˶ҽ֮⣬ʣˡܿ죬ҽ˳ȥ
´±ʣ𣿡
ʱ䱵С

ϲصԸ෴Ůб侲Įˡ˿Ÿʱ䱵ֱۣ΢üͷ

ʱ䱼״ȻʵضԷ飬Ǿˡ
ʲôˣʡ

ʱ䱽ѹŵıͼֱһ˰̣бֱϣˡ
̺۲ǳɰ̡

ɫȻĿһ˰̧̣ͷѣ֮ǰҰʱɽˤµľˡ
ѽĶˣţʱܵƵöء

ʱ˵ϴ֮ԲͬΪҽҵĹǿҲзգҲϣ⡣

Ѵ㵵⡣

ֱ̧֣ӽϵժ¡
ֱָϵǵ̣ΪշƤ͸űĴУ̺΢΢͹ı棬ʵ֣ܹ⻬

ĸ̫ᣬëļӹ

ʱ̲ססָ

Ѵ˵һҪȥأΪģʱ䱣Ҳ뿴Ȱ硣
ʲô磬һ޷Ȱš

ʱû뵽ô˵΢΢֮󣬷Ȼĸо
׾ͱ˵ѾͲѡ

û˵ûдӦҲûܾ
Ѱš

ʱ䳤õΪȵԼҪǸʱʱϣȻɫҪ

һ䵭ͳһΣƫ
ȴŲһĸо

֮£͸ŻĪĳ硣




27.   27    ְ

ڶʮ

ѽ, ȥɡ޶ѵԱߣһ
Ķ̷ŮСԲɰ, ɷǿģ, £ƺ˼ԡ

һڴ
С
̬ȼ˵

˳ذһɣһ׼ôģ, УҪȥ
Ѿվ¹ǰ棬һó·, һߴ, ܿ˻ȥ, ôѡѡ, ˵ȥйСġ

ҿԱ㣬ܰǸɻ, ޴ӵϷ, ĵ

Цȥţֲȥܡò㱣ҡ
⻰˵֮, û

óһų, ·ȹΪĿ, ʵе١ȥŵĻ, һҪʺҰ·ɡ
˼ͻȻñ䰲е¡

һתͷͿڵϣ涡
ǰɡ

ôˣ·һ, ɴߡ
תͷίͰ͵˵ѽ㣬ǲǲҪˣ

û뵽С˼άɢ̶ֳȣ΢̧°ͣ˵˵ĶҪˡ
ղž˵òұ㡣
Сָأȷʵû뵽

һ䵭ҲеΣԥ£º͵ҵ˼ǣȥţʱҪ㱣ڼҲ飬һ𿴵ꡣﲻҲͦæġ

Ҹһ쵽Ϻȡ졣

̾һͻȻʵݣ𣿡
һ㶡

飿
ԥҧŴ˵Ҳеģô
̧Դﱿˣ㿴㣬ѧôƽʱʲô㲻Ǻܿˡ

Ǹһԥԥ˵
ѣʲôһģͻôСû

Χûˣ޺ǾЩһС˵ѽ㣬жûбҵء
޴СͿʼѧ䣬Ϊ̫;ѧ

ԣȥŵʱ䣬ڼú룬ҪѧأǾѧҪ飬ҲġʲôҶ֧㡣
ָ˸ԴСĶ̷˳
ȫǵһμʱݻë꣬һСģ

ܿ죬Ѽʰ·ȥ¥¡

ˣȥ˭֪һֱ겻ģѺúõĲҶӽͰ˸棬ŪöϽ֣ͣһЪš

ôˣʵ
˫˵̣˵ȥ𣿡
㲻ԣ飿ʲô飿

ѽղң벻¶飿С˵

ϽϵΧȹ˲֣ȵСҪȥ鰡֪𣿡
ҡͷҸ绹֪ѽ˵ģ϶ᷴԡ

ҲãͻСŶʮ꣬Ǹöͣ½õϣһժһ˵ҶӶʮˣҲ׼оءʱ߿ûãһꡣ

˵꣬Щ̾˵Сû˵ôһҵͽأָŮһ

⻰ûš
ÿææģأȻ˵ֺУҲ޻ʱæҪǵ顣
ӣСѾͷһ쵽Ҳʲô£ͷϰ忪ˡ

Ѷ˭ͦ䵭ģΨޣݵס

*

޶£ѲѪ
ʵ£ȷʵͦ࣬ͻСѧ֮ǰԼѧ޸

޲סӣѧ޸ʱ̫á
Ȼٳ׾ͿʼУԹŵ鼮ֻ֪ʶǴСͿүү޸黭

ģ·Ҷ㲻ϡ

ϣŸʱ䱷΢ţڣһЩ飬绰𣿡
żӣǱ˻Ӧ
ʱ䱣š

ܿ죬ʱ䱵ֻ
ͷۣͨ

һͨ绰Ǳߵѣ˵˾䣺ڣллԸΪҽ󡣡
ûˣִҹɫ̫ᣬ˵˿̷ڴҹ硣

㻹û˵ʲôأ˵Ҳδ֪
֪ڵʱ䱻Ӧ

ѣûҵҪĻʲô취𣿡
ʱ£ʵ𣿡

ķʱ˲Ц˳

ЩЦ˵СѾͷͺѧ𣿡
ʱ䵭ĽͣǣֻҾôĵˣӦֻߵˡ

Ѳ˵ĮҲʲôļµԸһֱͦ⣬ֻںԼںˡЩۣǲֻ֪ǲˡ
Ҳ̵ͦģߵǼµı

ʱ䱲û޽ӴʮСѾͷȻ˵ĺףȫһаģ
һƽʱ˵ģ

ԭѹβô˽Ⱑ
ʱû

ܿ죬ҲԾѧУ飬ôûסȥһ棺СʱͦõģСȥУˣֳ˴ʣͲòѧ

طУ԰ʱĻ˵˳
ѣţֻǾãСӦиδ

һֱСԺ档

ʱ䱣Ҳ̫˽⣬ҿ԰ѯһ¡죬ٸظ
鷳ˣѹ˳˵

ʱѳĬ£ʵŶʲôʱ
ĿǰڸֱӦÿˣʱ䱵˵

ѣǺãҵŶ

ڹҶϵ绰֮ǰѵ˵ڣ
ʱ䱵Ц£ţ
ҪμҰ

һ䣬Ҵҹ˵绰

ֻ¸ʱֻԺص仰ΣһЦ

*

ѽиʱ䱣ָ֮һΣϾ̲޵׸硣һȫû
ֻתͷ˵ѧҪúö顣

ޣ

ֹ죬硣
ڹңϵĻ꣬ûʲô⣬˳ùߣִɡ

ϵһϿͻ͹ģλϿͻҲǸ黭ؼҡ
黭϶͵޸

֮ͷʱûб顣÷֮ǱߵǷǴȿŻȥ޸

ȻͬûǩȻӦ÷֮Ͳٷڡ

պãԱ߹̨ϵֻ

ѿĻ˸ŵ֣ͷһϲʱ䱾Ȼ绰
ڣͨ绰ڡ

ʱᡮšʵڼ𣿡
ѽҪ𣿡ĵʵ
֮ǰҵ飬һЩϣ绰ﲻ̫㣬ֱ͹ɡڷ𣿡

ѱڰ̵˿Ѿͣ

㣬ڼҵ㡣
ն˵

ŰСʱſڴŵ
Թȥţʱվſڣﻹһ͸ļװϡ

̧ۣأ
ѣ
Ҿѧ飬Ӧú͵˵Ÿ׵

ˣˢˢһ¥Ŀ
޳ϻ̳ϿֵĿŸʱ䱣Ȼ֮ǰʱ䱶Ըʱһֱĸо˧˵ǸѧĽڡ
õĴѧڣȻοѧ顣

޾䣬˵

ֻС˵ڣ̫鷳ˡ
ʱڴ򿪵ԣͷһС䵭鷳ҲҪÿҪŬˣֵñúù

Ҳ£ĵԭ
ÿ˶ԼĹ磬Ǳ׵۶ϳ

Ѻ͸ʱˣһһң޵ࡣ
ʱ䱲Ǵѧڣ棬˵Թһóļϣһ˵ѯרѣ޵Ŀǰ˵ʺϵר·ߡȫƵĴרȻͨԣõѧ

޳ϻ̳Ͽֵĵͷ
ǵͷϣЩǱмҴר顣

Ŀǰõһңʦò˵ǵӲʩҲ㹻һЩѧʱ䱵
渵Ī˵С

ȼѧУˣʱ˵Ŀǰۺ˵һƼһҡ
ЩͷۣǵһǼ̫ԶǲǻסУǲаҾҲۺʵ

סУҲǴѧһ֣ҪǲֵĻôõɳأʱ΢΢üЩ̫ͬ˵
ѣѵסУһܳɳ𣿡
ⲻסУԸԸһ˳ȥԡ

һûȫ˳Ӹʱ䱵˼˵Ҳûڳܣֻϣ˴˶޷˵

ãˮ˽ǲ˵Է
ͻȻһЦ

ʱ䱺ͬʱͣȥ

Ҳôεһ֣˵ҲЦǣҾǾǶã͸ŮһǸղŵӣͦǸΪСѧְܵ衣

˿ŵԵޣһͷҲú񡣡

ʱ䱣
ѣ




28.   28    С

ڶʮ

һ, ԤʾųĵĵдһĻľⳡ֮󣬳, ׺С
ǰջɵ, Ҳױˢһ飬һƬɾγֱġ

̽ʰõ, ൽ¥¡
¥ʱ򣬶۰Ͱ͵ĳ

⸱鰡ֲû, óҲڼ, ȥӵĿ, øĸ, ѻӻ֣ʵǼǶ顣
֮ǰ˵ڼ, ȥӡ

ɷȥ, һӣض顣
ԳγŹ, һڵļ١

ΪԼʱ, ֱӽӣŵԺſڡ
ֹ˼, ӿһɫԽҰ, ʻ˽

ſͣ£Ŵ򿪺󣬸ʱ䱴

ЩֵĿԽҰ㻻ˣ
ȥĵطũ, Ǳߵ·̫㣬ԽҰȽϷ㣬ʱ䱽˵

̸кͽӷ˺䡣
ڣͰչչСˣ̹ʮֿ˵

ʱף˵Ҵȥģ϶Ĵ

Ƴһۣ۵¶Ц
ܿ죬˵껰Ҫʻߣͼʱ䱺˼ͬʱߵԱߣҪȥš

Ц£һ
ʱţ䵭ϳɣ·Ҳһʱ䡣

ϳʱ䱴ӳͷƵʻǲ࣬ţϳϵȫһǳɡܿ죬Ӵ˵ԽҰ

ĿĵǱسǴأһ¹ɽĵط
¹ɽΧɽ룬ʡߵһɽͬҲǵòõһȻ

ɽΪʮֶ֮ͣǰкܶ¿ҹΣֳʧ١

ȥ֮ǰʱ䱾ͽصϸ˵һ飬ڳϣǲǿǿַλ¹ɽɽ£һϪȻ塣ĿǰѾźĺſӣξҪĺӡ

һ㿼ֲַͬĿӣͬĹ飬ͬ
ȱڹҲķ

ʣҵĹﱣ𣿡
ԣΪ֮ǰĺſӱԵһЩƬǻĺſ棬ܻд򡣡

óǹ黭޸ǲ޸һ֪
ƷҲڹżһ֣֮ǰ޸ֻϵĲߣرֻ˵

ڿ˵ȴǲɶõı

Ϊŵ֣ܹԱ˽ʷԭʷࡣ

ͻȻһ£ʵˣ֮ǰǵĺͬûǩҵ𣿡
ţҵˡʱĿǰ棬˫ִڷϡ

Ѷֿã˵Ҳ֣Լò˼飬ôȫÿһء
˳֣һ·ϿֱĲ

˴ǵõүľˣĲӳĲϣӱ촽Ļȣ覡

ʱƺֱĿ⣬Ȼôˣ
ʲôѵ°ȫ
ʣΪʲôһֱң

Ϊÿ

ʱһ죬ΣӴһ
ָ򦣬תͷĿֱףƵòôСҿɡ

˵ãͲ𣿡ʱƽʡ

Ȼᡣ
Ц˵֪иѽй˵òշѵģһͷˡھã仰Ƚʺ㡣

ʱ䱣
ã˵Ҳ
֪ĲŻòء

θʱǳ˵ˣֿЦõΡ
΢΢Щúã֡

ֱ׳ڣҿûֻ֣ʵʵ˵ѡ

ʱԭΪСʱĳ̣ܿԭڳ˯һᣬŷ֣ȫԼˡ
ڵĵطôܻء

*

ӱسǣѾСʱǵʱʮ㡣ʱûֱӼȥתͷʵʲô

㶼ԡν

Ȼô˵Ǹʱ䱻һҿɾеεĲ
˽ȥ󣬱Ա쵽λ¡

˵ùʱʱֱӵݸѣ
֮ǰҲʱ䱳Թη֪˿ζȽ嵭Բ˵ϱȽģ˵ˡ

ȵ֮ѯ˸ʱ䱵õ϶֮󣬾÷Աµ

Ҳֻò˵ദʱ䣬϶Ҫ˵˵
룬ʵڣҾûжԱ˴˽⡣

ʱһɢĴϣ⻰̧ͷһۣЦЦʲô
Ƕ𣿡ʵ
Ҫ˽˽ڸʱˡ

ʱҡͷǣһиܵܡ

Щȣ⻹һ֪أһʱ䣬̲סЩģΪһγɹ̤߽磬ٽܵ𣿡

ʱüʲô⣿
˵е񡣡

ѸˣЦ˵ӦҲú˧
Ѿˡʱ䱵ڡ
ѣ

Ȥʵ㣬Ǹ磬д𣿡
ûС
θʱˣĻʵһֱܵǡ

Ҳ̫⣬ǰ˴û߹飬ڶҪˡ

գգ۾˵ôҵ鰡
ʱ䱳Ĭ˻ᣬʵǶŮ𣿡

ţ԰ҰְֻһŮԽ㲻ǼҹùõĶӡǴСһ𳤴󡣡

ʱ䱺Ĳ˵ǻ
ҰְֻһŮ
ĸء

ĺٸʵף£ʵأôʶģ
ôʣԽЦĿġ

Ϊ˵Ҫȥ˽
ʱ䱲ҲģһҪ֪顣

Ǵѧûҵʱ򣬾ʶ޺̡ʱ̴˭̴֪򹤵ĵطϰͻȻʧȥϵûõʣϽеǮŪûˡֻܴס档

˵ʱƺҲ˻֮С

ʱÿ춼ȥʦΪҪѧ޸ҪѧгءҲϣմʦ׼ѧУ

·ŵʱ򣬾ͿһСŮ
һʼҲû⣬ų͹ȥˡ

˭֪չȥСžһ£ӶŵƱᵹڵϣŵùǺϽӳȥ
ôüͷʵ
С촽ף˶һ

Ѵյߣ˵

ѵһμ˶ڽͷС£ԼϽȥԶĽӹݣһڵĽӡ

ǵã̻ʵӡ
ʮӣоһͱƵĳԵˡ

ˣѿСͰԼͳǮԼóԵġ

Ϊǵһμ棬ҲһΡ
˭֪ѸմʦͱһȺСסȥ·

ǰǸεͷĻѺܶΣƯСʵˣʹŻᣬ
Ҫһȥտ

ѱѾ׼ˣ˭֪Ա߳һСȻЩɧĻ졣

Сޡ

Ҹݻ̣Ǽ򵥵ϰԱĹϵ˵ǸǼˣһˡ
ʱҲû뵽֮仹Ĺ¡

񼫸ӵĳѿȥ˵ֻѪԵϵܱΪˡʱߵģҲǼˡ

üû뵽˵Ļ
תһ룬־úϾǸѧҡ

ʱҲ⣬ΪʲôҪطѧУΪֲ޵źɡ

ò˵ʶԽãԽܴǸӡ
µʱ򣬸ŷ룬ĹƲ硣ǰԸĮȴҲڲסǿġ

ʱǿӲܴġ

극ʱȥǰ̨ˣȥһϴּ䡣

ԭʱѾ㣬ȥ˭֪һŤͷͿϴּ䷽ѣһ˵סȥ·

ѱ£ԷһˣЦʣŮֻܲܽ绰ֻûˡ
ԷֻĻȷʵǺڵġ

һϵĴڨַ
ҪھܾʱһֻƽץסȻһ䵭˵С

תͷʱ䱲֪ʱߡ




29.   29    졣

ڶʮ

, ˸ϵϪ壬ط¹ɽӸտ, ͿԶдеĳɽ롣
Χֲ, ǳģҲһ˿ȡ
ɽˬ

ѽʻԵĳ, ңԶɽȤʣ¹ɽ𣿡

, ʱ䱲δתͷ, ɶǰ
ɵʵ̫խ, ƽ, һ·ʵͦġ⼸ũʢУرǼҳϲСѵժ

вٱյĳӡ

Խ¹ɽķ, ·ʼխ, ֱء

ϪѾߣ, ֱһ޴, ָǱߣʲô

ǾǿֳʱһƳ
ѻδֳ̤, ֮ǰ޺ϲʱºеѰ̽վ, ǸĹйصģأѰҹŴĹѨ
Чʮֿţŵսǿ

ر, ÿ𴲣Ҫ

ԻҪȥ̽ĹˣĻŶ

˵˵ɵʱЦǿҪʧˣֳǵݵ
֪ѽ޻ʧ

ѿ°΢ֱ̧׵˵ҾͲһˣֻҪǸһҾͻܿġ

ʱ䱱ĿǶЦ̲סü
ֻȴѴסһתͷЦӯӯ˵ڣ͸öЦЦԸЦĻ綼ԸΪƽ

ѡʱҲûˣԴвĺһ

գգۣԹԱ졣

Ӻܿ쵽Ϫ壬ıݣаСʱΪ˷㹤Ŷס񷿡
ܶ򹤣Լҵķӿš

ɴίǣͷ濼Ŷ˴ĲٿշһõķҲ룬ŶӵĹҲ㡣
ڳԷϵķﶩͣÿ̶͹

ǳӵʱѾͿǰͣźüӣлҲһСʹͳ

ǿŶӵˣǱѧʦҴѧʱ³ǰתͷѣ˵㻹ǵӦʲô

ҵȻǵã´ڼϵĳ˹̧ͷ˫ֱ׶۾ĶŸʱ䱣΢ų:һġ

˵꣬ţ³

ʱҲ򿪳ţ
ֻվԶм˺ڡ

ŤͷһǺüˣǴñӣų䳤Ĵ磬Ƿ׷˹
ڣˣҪ绰ء
˵ģһˣ۾ʱġ

ʱ˵ڴس緹ŸϹġ
˵ǾͺãԷǶĺз˷ҪٳԶ͵ԼŪˡͦ鷳ġ

⼸֮ǰʶģԴ˵ʱͣĴѡ

ؼĴ磬ȻѾϼ㣬һɫѩͿſĴ磬ķһԵƮЩֵĳڡ

λѣҲص޸ʦ

һк
Ϊ׵Ǹ˵ãҽׯάǱѧϵĲʿ

˵ָ꣬һ۾Ů˵ϣϵĴŮһҲﱣ޸

ǸϣŮǲԴǵģʱׯάһۣ˵Լ˵
ʦãҽϣҲǱѧĲԺĲʿ

ѱƺЦ£ȻҲʲôʦֱӽѾͺˡ
Ҳѣ໥ʶ¡

ҲȫǱѧģҲбԼλġ

סĵطź𣿡ʱʵ
ׯά˵źˣίְһµ񷿣Ǹոǲõķӡ֮⣬Գǡȥһ£ˮʲôУöˡ

ϣһۣ˵ռôˣ͵ְɣȻôĵ˵ͷҪǲͰԼķóȥ
ׯά

Ȼʱ仹̣ȴϣŮľȴ⡣

ʱƺϰǵĶ죬ֱ˵ȴȥסĵطǰȥֳһ¡

ʱ䱴Ӻ䣬ֱӽѵ
ԼأѼֻԼӣʵ

ʱ̧ͷѾͿԱһС͵䣬һȣСеףСʣǲ̫ˣ
û£ŮĶͺܶࡣʱ䱵ͦȻ

ѺһۣЩֹ㶮Ļͦġ
ǳζˡ

ʱ䱴Ʋͷһ࣬΢ţЦ£ţʱ


ԭ˵衣
ͻȻˣ˵ϴ˵ñģҲ裿
ǵǡ

ʲôѽôʶôŮ˵ġ
ԭѾǣٴȥ

ʱȻûжȴı仯һƲ죬һ̶̼֮Уĵ׶һϷ

䣬ûסЦ¡
Σʱ䱲˹˵ҵϱ

Ŷѹء
һ·

ܿ죬Ծתͷʵʱ䱣ڹ׽Ū𣿡
𣿡ʱ䱲ķʡ

΢˫ı飬ͼϿһ˿˴ݶ⡣

ǰ棬˲Сľ롣

и˺ʵ֮ǰŮ𣿡
ׯάпôܣǰһֱãֳŮĸʣڳʷǰﻯʯĿԡ
ڿȥˣⲻѾˡϣ²ۡ

ׯάϣãǼ𣿡
ϣʣἵʸ𣿡
ȻᣬׯάǸʱ䱵ʵӵߣҡź֣˵ǿҵż񡣡

һ˵ڲ̫Ĵڣ඼ͺԸġȻʦҲɵȥʡ

ׯά

߽ѣ⻰ͻȻǰС˺øС
侲ǵˣ˵ĺøС

סĵطһũСԺķСԺһС¥ȷʵ£ǽߣɾֿ
ǷҲûأŮҪס¥¥

ס¥ʱֱ˵
ϵˣȴûʹѵֱӾ

ʲôûʣͲµ˼ס¥£˭Ҫȥ¥ҲڱŮ

Ѻϣţû
סڸڵǼԺӣҷĺܽ

ʱ䱽ѵȥʵ˯¥ĸ䣿
ũС¥ûʲôƣǷĴ䣬мǿŶģңһһҡ

ʱ䱣һûȥ
ѡߣҲѡߺòã˵

ʱ䱣ʲô𣿡
ȻУü΢䣬ͬһˮʪһ뵽˯¥£Ҿ;úܰġ

òӦ׷ʵ
һȻһֱԼǶȻģûùĿǡ

ڣʱ䱵Ӧһš

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ʰʱԼиС̨

̨߳ȥŷ֣¥Ҳ̨
վ¥Ϻһڡ

¥һʼûĺһϾһ໹סűˣܿ죬洫Ųͷȥͼʱ䱵ֲ嶵վ¥µ̨

ôˣʱͷ
ѵһЦû£к

ط䣬ֻ𶯣΢Ž
ҵŮȥǱô
ѣǳãʱ䱾ס¥µķ䡣
ȥô𣿡
ѵһЦָĻϣô֡

ѾʾԷСȻһµ΢ٴδ
룬ھͬˣ

üЦ

*
Ϊİ˹æ粢δǰֳ

ա
һ磬Ѿ𴲣һ·ֱ¥

һʱ䱲𴲡
û뵽Ѿ¥µˣһºڿĴţʣª˯ô

ڣòΪʲôԲ˿ǧСɣѵȻͦȻ˵ʵҴСڴﳤġ

ʱһȷʵû뵽ġ
Զɫɣ˵ұ㣬ҪӦĻء

仰δţΪ֮ǰֳ
ΪһĹϵΧЩŢܶ߹ЬӶմҪǵһˣ϶ܲ״

Ͼڳ죬·Ǹɾġ

治ɫĲ˹ȥ˿ûԼЬӡ

һǰ⴦غĹַʱǵٽɽǵƵݣÿ꼾ʱԹĹɳ
˵־齨רŵĿŶӣпſ⡣
δĹĹ

ʱŶӵĸˣǸʱ䱡

ֻǺˣʱ˳һʱ䡣

ȻЩԵׯάģѧŵ̸ͦġһžͲѼҵ׶ѡ
һ·ϣЦе˵Щ

̲סʵԸ֮ǰ𣿡
Ȼˣ˵ڻǲ뿪׼˼ֳأô绰Ժ칫ͶߣԺǿȥ

ü̶ֳȵĻɼʱжء

ѽ뿼ŴͿǰĿأʱߵĵطŲͬɫķԱһ޴Ŀӣе¶ú
ӳһֵΡ

ͿʱվǸӿԱߣһطͷ˵

ֳ޴
еˣȴɵæԼ顣

Ҳδſʱ䱣Ȼȷʵ˽ĺأҲ˵Ҫģϲ硣
ʱ϶ֻźھʷʱա

ǰģģһɲġ
ֱ˴ĸӣʷٴη

޸ңרſһ䣬Ϊ淢Ӳͬ﷢Ķᱻ͵ͬĵط

Ϊһûôæµ
˭ֲ֪㣬ֻǹȥæȻԷܲ˼ȴ˿⣬æ

Ǵӵ﷢ͭѾ˺ܶƬ
ǵǣȽͭƴ

ʦǸ޸ģ֪޸ʦиŮʵ
ͬΪԱͶܴʵںܶ࿼ŶӣΪ

ѵͷСˢˢͭϵĳ˵黭Ҫ޸黭
ۣǺ˵黭ˡ

ɲǣ֮ǰϺͼ޸ļ¼Ƭ̫ˡ

һ߹һߵ˵
ѴδйĸоһֱĴǸСԺķֻ꣬Ļ

֪͵磬˶ͣͷĹ
ϣѣʦǻȥԷɡ

ȥɣŪþȥͷҲ̧˵

ϣоϵûɵĻȥԷͶȥҪǴ㣬ͺѳԵ緹ˡ
ţȥɡɵͷ޲ͭ

ûһ޸ұð棬û

ѳУûʱš
ֱ޸ҵűƿʱ߽ʱͿǵϸӰķСӣһ㽫Ѿѵͭһƴա

ɫרע棬˿ûвſˡ

ʱվҲ֪˶ãǰ˵˳Էʱ䣬ôҲȥ

ôˣ̧ͷʵ
ôˣҪԷʱĴһȦϣ֪û

͸УԱߣ˵С⽣ҸˣȳԷ

һ£Ͼ޺ˡѵ˵
ֵͷȥ޸

ʱ䱲üȳԷ
ѵͷ󣺡꣬Ͳһ£ܿ졣

ѡվǰˣһ䣬ʶ̧ͷ

ȻͿʱŵĿ˹۾ֱ졣
ʶ졣

ʼʱź֪ʶһ¡


⽡
ǸʱιԵġ




30.   30    һʺϽǵľ࡭

ʮ

ιԼ
Ѷ֪, ʱǰôȻļô󣬻ûιԵġ
𽥿ʼ, ̲סƲһߡ

һֱ, Ѵݲȵ̹Ȼ˵Ļ
˵ƤҲã̹Ҳ, ȴ顣

Ϊûɬֶ񲢲ǡ
ʱ䱷, Ҳ졣
Ҳӵҿ

ʲôڶģѵĲʡ

ѽ⽽ȥ, ų, ȻϺڶġ
Ϻʡ, С˵
ʱʵϲ𣿡

ѹԹԵͷϲĿζ
ڼʱ㾭, ı䶳, һӡ

ڣĶ, ԹԳԷ
ʱ䱽, ŵǰ˹ֱ塣

Ӧһ, ֽƵԶԶ, մϵͭƬǸʱ䱵Ȼû£һ֭ûС

ͷۣȻɸɾ
Ǹɵġ

ϧϧû֥齴

˵Ҳ, ȷʵϲ⽣ָɰ⽣һС֥齴棬ζˡ
˭˵ûˡʱ䱵Ȼ

̲סϿȥĶ

߰ɣʱֱӽ
Ѹվ˴޸뿪֮߳ŴԶ¶ͣʱ䱵ɫԽҰۡ

ϳ֮ѾͿӺóһӣóһӡ
һ򿪣֥齴˱ǵζʹ˳

ôУˡ
ʱ䱽֥齴װ⽵ķŵݸ԰ɣٲԾˡ

㡣ԭöΪеζֻθڷӿ
ȥӣһ๾˳

޴Ե𾪵ķУ֪롣

գգ۾ðβſ˵ǰġ
ʱЦ⣬˵´βٲԷˡ

޻һרעҲûгԼţʮСʱԲȣ顣ͦϰĹʽ
⻹ǵһΣ޸һ룬ǿԷ

û÷УĿġ
˹ĵζĺܺá

ҲûвԷٳԣÿӣ֥齴⽰һ𣬵˵
ʱ䱴һۣ˵ַ֪ĿǰΪֹ˶ټ𣿡

٣꣬һ⽡
ʱ䱣ĿǰһǧͭʯѾټĸռݸҪޣԲҲ޲ꡣŲһʱ飬һĹַǷǰǰҪüꡣ

֮ǰϼǶѣӦ֪ɣǰǰѾ˼ʮꡣ

ѵͷɸпԭôһ¡Ҿñ޸ģҪס

ǰүүܽҪһõ޸ʦҪ͵סį
סġ
ֻϧ׻ǹүүڴ

Ҫˮ𣿡ʱʵ
ѵͷ³ȥһƿȪˮ

ؼʻƿšݹֽӹڣʱ䱼ȻĽ˹ȥ
ֵͷһ⽡
ʱ䱵Ŀ⣬ǡ

ĴɫʵǳΪƤƫİףԲױʱ򣬻һֻ֮ȥĲС
մһ֥齴
ǳɫĽ֭ײ

ԭרĳ⽣ȷʵǶˣְĴСãһһ
ôˣʱ䱶Լ
ĿԼǣʵմ˶𣿡

ʱֳţŵֽݹ˵һ֥齴һ¡

ûȥӡ
΢ͷֱŸʱ䱣Ҳһ°ɡ
ʱ䱣

ûֲڣٰһ£ѽĿ
Ǹղιǿ⽣ٴεôߵĵ

ʱ䱴ǡ

û£Լȷʵ̫ˡ
ȷʵǸʱ䱻顣

ˣԼɡѸҪѷУŵԱߡ

ʱ䱵ֱ۾͸˹ֱֽӽǵĨ֥齴
űһֽ
ǻܸоָȡ

꣬ʱ䱽ֽһţڣԹԹԳԷ˰ɡ

ˡ
ʵ̫ˡ

ͷԷֻһ߳ţ̲ס𻡶ȣβһֱ̡

*

Ŷһ˵飬һ죬ʹˡ
ҶΪôһƯԲʲôࡣ˭֪ȥѸ޸һ۶ûй

ΪŹǰҵϣмӰ顣

ҹֿġ
ڷǸԸԼ顣

һϲ磬ڷġ
׼¥µĸʱ䱷΢ţССɧһµʱ洫ĺڣʦտ

ߵ̨Ϳׯάϣһӡ
ǸղŽ˸ʱ䱵ĳȥһϣ˵ҪƷû뵽ôͻˡ

ѴЬ¥֮󣬾ϴ衣
¥ʱʱ䱣ͷʪģվڶ¥İ׳£忡Ӣͦ䣬ߴ۽޴Ũܵĳޣ̲סҪǲʲôרųëط

֪ûʰɾ֣Խ˧

ҲףԼžӣ⿴ԼӦò׾ͶԱʲô֮ġ
ʱֻǿŸʱ䱵ͻʱʱ١ 

ʱҪ¥һȹ¥
Ϊ˷㹤Ѵ󣬾Ҳûȹӡ

ǲǾãһǴȹӺÿ߹ԼЦӯӯʵ
ʱ䱱Ŀ⣬˵¥Զɡ

Я¥ׯάѾһӣԺм䣬տơҲ档
ڣׯάһŤͷˡ
һ£Ͱסˡ

ȻǾԵӲͨһŮÿ벻ÿȷʵҪǿҪʢװһµĻ־ָֻɱӡ

ĵһ죬Ǿ;ﳤÿÿ
һع˿ȹôĻƣȴӯϸӾЧũСԺԵĸо

һԴŴûʲôȤϣЩ㶣ο޵ʦ·ÿ
ϲҿԸַ
ϣ֣ˣҲʺϡ

ׯάơƵݹعģӱ棬һǳǳˮЩȵġ

ҿȣϰֽտ϶û䡣

ׯάкǳԶѽǰơƣݵʱǰ
ʱ䱵ơƵһġ顯ݲϷڵ򿪺ֽơƹ޷Żǰ

ôȻܵĶׯάϣһһ㶵ġ
ǲǵһʶʱ䱣˭֪Ǹβ׷Ů治٣ǲ˭ʼʱ򣬾ͻᱻ׶롣

һ׵Ĵţ˵ʱ䱿gay

˾Լʲô˲ܡ
λбѧʮδ֮գ֮һ
ʱ䱽ھϲʲôŮ

ǾãԼ񿴼𰸡

ѵͷֻۣС˵Ҳȵġ

ʦǲϲơ𣿡ׯάС˵Ҫȥñϡ
ѵ˵鷳ҲȾƣҲϵġ

ϾʱСۻᣬȻû˻ȰƣׯάЦ˵Ůȷʵ̫ϲơơ

˵Եģ˵ҲǲϲҴûȹơ
ûȹׯάͿˡ

˵޸ʦģҪӦ꣬ʲôͬѧۻᣬѧҵҪȾƵĳϣȻһβȵ

ׯάЩʵΪʲô
£Ϊ˱ҵ֡

£ׯάȤϣҲ˹Ǹʱ䱣ϣ̬Ǽټɢģƴǰơƹ棬żһڡ
ж๴ˡ

ѵȻ̬һ˵ǹŻ޸ĹУһҪĹ򣬽нֽй黭װѣһԭϣһֽֽԱӳ黭

ν˰٣ֽǧꡣһޣҪ黭½޸װѣ޸Ḷ́ҪֽҿֽҲֽǹϵ黭˵һֽ

޸ʦ޷Ͻֽĳɹܴﵽٷְ١

ϣ˵Ϊ˱ָȶŵξƲմġ
һֱϣŮȻ಻ڣǴֳȡ

ԣ޸黭ʱƵȶʲôҪ

ϣ˵һֱס

Ѵ￪ʼôȵ죬Ҳһ˫סҲѲ²⣬Ϊʲôš

ׯάп˵ǣһӶܺȾơ
ŰɡѲ
Ҳͦѵİɡ

Ȼƾʲôöвʹ죬رֵʱ򣬲ǽҲãҲգѶ᲻
ҳ֮Ժļһ£ʵǺѵġ

ѣΪһɫ޸ʦôһѡ

ʦ㵱Ϊʲô뵱޸ʦְҵͦŵģׯάʵһģ̽䡣

ѳã˵̳үү²ɡ
үүҲ޸ʦׯάȡ
š

ׯά˵Ӧͦİɣ˵Ƕ˵ءйĲôطϴȥᣬһһλ֮ǰ޸ţͼʦ

ûʲôѵȻһЦȥͦ磬Ӧûʲô˵֡

ׯάε˵
Լĺĺı¡

̸ͦģܿת˻⣬֮󣬶˵Ӧͼ䡣

ʱһ٣䵭Ҫ
ȻǵϢգĵŵʱҲЩˣƤ΢գ˼£ʱƿǰơƣȥϢɡ

æʰϾģΪȥҲûϴء
ǣ͸ʱʰӡ
˻ȥϴ衣

ܿ춫ʰãȥϴ֣ʱ䱹վԱߡ

ҹӵġرǽҹɫͬĻڵϣŵǣһǶǿеһ˿Ѷ
ûгѺ͸С
ֻпдҹԶĳܽС

ʱ䱿ժףһϴ֡

Ͱף˫ȴӰ׵Ĺ֣ɫִĹ֡

㵱޸ʦֻΪ˼̳үү²𣿡ͻȻʱʵ
˵仰ʱ򣬸ʱ䱺޾ı

˵ģΪ˼̳үү²Ӧǽġ

ƴԱֽ߳ϸϸԼֲһ顣
תͷʱ䱡

ǰһ˫Ц⣬ֱ˵ڣ֪֪һһŮʵʱζʲô

ʱ䱳Ĭſ

ѱҲûõش
ǰ̤һ°ͣĿ֮䵭ĺһ

ζţԽԽΣա
ʣζʲô

ȴһ룬Ԥ뷶ΧΪʱվֱ塣˵ľ룬ٴαˡ

˿ʼŮȤ
˵仰㱵̧ͷɾߣͷͻȻһͷ

һʺϽǵľ롣




31.   31    㿴й⣬ҡ

ʮһ

ֻҪһ½ż, ׵ߵı
ջ̫ˡ
ѲռˣԲ˳ģ˵᳹׼ոʱ, ȻڶԼһ, ߻ǲ̤㡣


ҪĻѵǲ⡣

㲻۽ӯӯĿ, ˫ֱȥе䵭Ǳһˮ, ʪ, գۼ·͸ա
ôĿŵĹ, Ÿʱ䱿

ҹ˾, ֮ʱ
һʱʱ˾룬ˡ


ôѽ

˵, ﻹûʲôܸ, ΢üȻˣ˵һҳϣ

ֱ, ʱ΢üͷ
һü, Ͷˣ, һü, Ҿˡ

˵ţ֪֣ȥüָüëмѹ, 뽫΢üͷȥ
΢΢һЦ˵ЦһҲ˵Цÿ

ʱıЦˡ
ȷʵ޿κˣĮ˿
Զ̹ԶȻ

ˣȥϢʱ䱵

һģҲϢ
˵꣬һ¥׼Լķ䡣

˭֪ߵһ¥Ͷ¥תǿڣͷĵͻȻ£һ룬ǵǰͬʱһƬڰ
ͣˡ
ΧڰôתǣԱӶûУڵס

Σȴ⡣
ũ岻ȳѹȶżֺԤͣ硣

ȻڰŴ˵Ŀ־壬ȫûʲôʡֻԺУиͷת˲ţڰ𣺡ʱ䱣Ķ

ȥˣôڵĻҲӦõİɡ
ţʾ̫ˣе¡

϶Ҫץסᡣ

ܿ죬˵ֱۣǵЦչ𣬵ȴһ뽩סˣΪ˳ֱۣơ
ѷָ֣ڲ

һֱȵģ˿̳ʪֶǺ

ʱ䱣ѵһ䣬ŷ֣ͣ˿ʼһֱûпڡ

ȥöֻܿ죬ֻĻ
Ĺ⣬Χĺڰ˲䱻ɢ

Ҳڽʱ䱵վǲ̨ϣֿǽڣ΢˫ۣһֻ׵ĵƹ£ԵøҰס

Ѵûȴĵ²⡣
΢ʱ䱣û°ɣ

̲סס֣ƺҪַͨʽĽźʹ࣬´˿̹֣̼ޱߺڰĿ־壬ɻο

ղһ̣ʱ䱸оԼ·һĳĳ
ڡ
ޱ޼ʵĺڰ
Ҳͷĺڡ

޷ֱƣˣĸоԼһţ֪˾
һ̣Զȥ

΢ǽڣоǰĹ۾ȴһٴαϡ
û£¡

ͷٴαסôûأѾܳȴŰοͷѹۡ
ʱҲ²⵽ʱ䱿ʲôıտ־֢ºڵ״

ǲ֣ʱûȥϸҪǣ
ʹ״У

ѵָ.ָ䣬סʮָ۵̬ᶨսָԴԴϵĴݶ

ǵɽȪγڸʱ䱶𣺡£ûµģ¡

ʱ
䣬һɢԺеĻ磬ԭѾֿµļУ侲˼һ

ץס˸ľƻգĽָű˴ˡ

۾ɻڣһյ߳

ΣʱٴƿƤȻһ⣬ǰֻϵĵƣⲢδֱӶ׼Ͷǽϡ

ǽϣ˵ӰܶĽһ

ʱ䱿ǰֵ˫ֱ׶ĺʱ۵׺ӳӰ

㿴й⣬ҡ
ᶨĶ

̼䣬ڰɢԺļ䣬ٴαˣĳУҲĿڴʧ
þˡ

*

ȥôͣˣǲբˣ洫ׯά
ԭղׯάڷϴ裬ͣʱͷĭֻϴ裬Ŵӷ

ϣҲ¥ʵưɣǱ˿նˡ

ǳʱѾʱķ䡣
ӣϣκΣ֮˿

ףںʦأׯάʵ
ϣ˵ƻط˯˰ɣС㣬˼ҡ
ׯάô˯𣿡

ϻϽȥ飬Ķûˡϣƺ⣬ߴ¥ȥ鱣˿

ֻƣҵƿװˮ
ˮݸ

ʱ䱽ӹ󣬳Ĭĺڣ˿ɻЩǱȴѾղź˺ܶࡣ

ҡʱɤ˻ƵĿڡ
ȴһϣϢòãʲôҪ롣

Ȼ֪ÿ˶Լܣʱ򣬶Ըʱ䱵ٸʵס
ϣгһգԼ

Ҿ¥ϣʱҴ绰˵

ͻȻǰһףͷĵƹһ˲佫Ӧֻբˡˡ
ܿٴδ

ףڵķеưǲǻû˯
ׯάЩʵ

ϣ̲סƻط䣺Ͻȥ˯ȻϢ㲻˵ȥɽתתġ

ٴû˶ѵ˵Ҿȥˡ
ʱ䱳Ĭĵ˵ͷ

תͻȻץסѲԵתͷɫԵǣôˣ

ʱΪϣֵͷǰĹ
ͷչƣͷ΢ʱ˫۾ᶨʲôûɸʱȴҪ˫۾ȥĴ

ã΢򴽣лл

仰Ѳûģ±Ǽ⡣
תڸʱǰƽеĵط۾ü䣬¶Ц˵֪ڸʲô

ʱ䱰

ù˵ѣȥ˯
߳õĿǣ䵭Ҫ

Ǹվĸʱ䱣ҲЦ

˵ѣȥ˯
䵭ȴʧ
ֻʣ³硣

*

ԭѻģʻԸʱʲôӰ졣

ǵڶ죬𴲼ʱȻкԼȥ͡Ȼ£ȷʵǷҲ̲סЩ롣
֮ط䣬־Ⲣıտռ־֢

Ϊıտռ־֢ĵһҪؾǣǷյĿռ˳ֽǡ־ͺٵ֢״ʱȻλ¥ϡ
¥ͨʱֻǺڣѻܸоз紵

ΪͻĺڰĳС
ѲרҵҽҲ޷жϣ⡣

ڲ鿴ıտռ־֢ʱѿһ仰ʱڵĴԾҲһء

͸ľйϵ

æֽŵĹϾ˼ôࡣ

ڿŴ˾ְ޸·򵥴ﲢ޸յվ
ܶʱǸ𽫷򵥵Ĵ
֮ϱǩ˻ʵҡ

ЩﻹҪʵҽУһ޸о

ĺſӺش֣Ҳ֪˭ſںһ䡣
¿˴ҵĺ档

һ˵Ҫֻͨô

ʦҲȥɣϣҲ̲סɹĶѡ
Ц£ͷð

ǰĺſӣȵ˵ʱ򣬾ͿڳļλеĺſӣȻ֡

ʱĺſӵҵѾͣڵȼ취

ϣׯάʵô£
ڿ﷢˺öԼλʦôЩء

վڿӱߵĸʱ䱣ʱδ˵
ԱߵļˣִЩ

һλר˵Щ˵׷ݵس治֪¼ٶǿɲҪǷ򲻳ɣǣЩ˾Ͷǧˡ

˵Ҳ̫ˣĻѲǻڵ𣿡

Ȼ˫ִϡ
ֱи˵ĺſǸڸģҪ˵˵

ʱ䱸Ӽߣᣬվڼλм䣬˧Щ̫ۡʱվǸ޴Ŀſԣü۳忡һĹ
˿˶ܿȴľ

Ļʪôֱڵﳬǧ꣬϶˴ˮ֡ҪóȻȡܿ۶٣ҵǡ

ʱ΢£ٴμᶨȡ

ȡǿеһֶַΡ
һ˵ԱǽһڳȡǽֱӽӴĶͬʱȡתơ

ҲЩǱģǾͰһȡ
תƵʵ֮ٽͱ

רңҲû취ϾĺſӸʱǸˣʲô취Ҫİ塣

һͬ⡣
ٴɵģ׼ȡĹߺͷ

ʱ䱴żרңԱߵĵϣֳģ⣬ϾֻһλᡣЩ򱦹ûиԴĻᡣ

ѶæµӰͻȻԱߵϣпڹӣĺ˧

Цתͷ˵һΪ㲻ء
Щϣһֱ侲ģûԸʱйʲôֵĳޣΪϣЩȤء

ϣεֻ֪֮û͵۾
ѣ

ˣɲһŮܼԦģϣЦҡͷ
ѵȻһЦ

ϣϿҵʦ͡
Ѳüôģ
Ļ벻бˡ

ѵû뵽ϣô˵Ȼһͷ˵Ѿô𣿡

ʵϣЩɵۡ
ôô˵·һ
ʱһŮӦýߵ˵Уôᣬû

Ϊĳ֣ŶӶܿܣ˼ѪһҪȻ̶̫°࣬Ƕ޲öʮСʱֳ

ֻû뵽ֵģһˡ

ϣѸ𴲣¥¥¿֡
̤¥ݣͼи˳һѽס

ѽ㣬Һ㡣޸Сؿڣʹ˺ü¡

ôӣʱޣҲϲüңôˣ
ҽġ

̧ͷҪлӣȴֿﲻվ͸ʱ䱡
һƯŮˣԷųվڸʱԱߣó֮ǰһֱں͸ʱ˵

ɫΪ֮һǣʱ䱴˿ǹЦ⡣

һֱΪֻԼôЦ

ۿһĻʱԷҲ̧˹
ֻڿѵòʱľȻҲ١

ӣЦſ˵ѣþòΪ㱻ʱ䱹ţ϶òһ˾ǴˣôƯ
ǵȻѽ㲻ʲôʱ򣬶Ů޳ƨ̧ͷ

ѵȻҽлл޹
ѵһƲǸƯŮڴư˵ӣλǣ

ѣ޸ʦѿŶԷֱ˵

Ůû뵽ֱӸɴ࣬ϾѵһֱԻԣеһμˣΪְӡ

ڣԷҲ˵ҽл޿поԺıĵоԱ

Ҳ̫˰ɣ˿ûŮ֮΢գЦǺ˵ѣ޿ʱ䱻ңӸпʼͬѧѧţҵҽǡ

Ŷ
Ÿʱ䱣֪иôƯŮͬѧء

֮˼죬ޱѵֱۣߴߴ˵ͣ
˵СӣҽУ˵ȥӻˣ˵رãһֱڵæ顣

ȫǼ£Ѱš

˼ȴȫԱˡ

޿Ϊ³ģ˵ģҪȥᣬֻҹһˡ
һʱ䱵ȻͷȻ磬ȴº͡
޿ЦһŬϺȵġ

ȹ꣬޿ͻȻʣգǲǾ͵ˣ
š

գ
ʱ䱵գ
֪

û׷ʱ䱣֮ǰܷڽϣͼԵֱ䵭򷢣֣Ͳдϡ
Ȼ޿ʲôûŮŮˡ
ǵһۣͿ˻޿ĵ˼

һ̣ʱ䱱ֳĶԻ޿̬ȣˬ˼¡

ѱ޵ĻͻȻվ
ˣתͷ
Ѳͷޣ߰ɣҴȥ䡣

Ҳһȥɡһ⻰˵

Ǽһ¹ɽԶľ羰ǳĺãŲԶĳɽֲܸš

ΪиǾ͵ȥ䡣

ûڸʱ䱵ߣǰ档ʱ˵˵޿͡
ǸϤ

һߣ޾ͷֲԶȻѵģܹȥ

ûʲôµվԭأһ˪ǰԵĺ棬ǳɫĺ棬ͬ˽ۣһ΢̵ĳ

ôģͻȻһ
תͷͿӺͻ޿վڲԶʱѾվߡ

ѵûǰĺ档
˭ˣ

ѯʣΪԼῪģĵ׵Ĳˬȴһ̣ﵽ˶塣
޿Ǿʣ
ֱų֮ʧУѵһᵽ

ԭкö࣬˽顣
ڻ޿ˡ
ա

Ťͷֱ׵㰡
ʱȻãǸͻָأ˫ֲڶ˵˵Ķǵˡ

Ҷ֪ա
Խ˵ԽСβżԵί

ҲǾãЩ̫ݣ˵꣬תͷŶĺ档

ʱ䱴Ҳû뵽ľȻ
֮䲻Ĭá
ʵڲվһĿں񱻶סһֱǰ׼ȥޡ

˭֪һٴο˵¶ʮš
ա

ѽŲס̲סҪǸղǹǿҵʧУ˿̺ӭ洵磬ɢ
صԼˣ

ת뵽˶Ի޿ºͣЦ

ͷŸʱ˵ǴŮģ
ʱ䱶Ҳ˵ǵȻͷ

һ룬һ˵Ůˣ̸
ʱ䱣




32.   32    ֻҪǶԵģһ۾ѡ

ʮ

ʲô, ЦôģһԵӴŻ޿˶ֵͦĿǡ
رǻ޿, Ϊֿʼ, һֱ䵭ģ
һʼûִˣǸ

һվں, ޿Ϳʱ䱴뿪Ȼ˹ȥ

飬ڻ޿ʶʱô, ûз
һο, һŮ
, ںԷ

뷨, ʱû޿ĵһ
һֱϰ˸ʱôʼһרערעڿš
˽ľ, Ҳ, κˣֻҪԼôĬĬ, һ, ̧ͷͻῴߵ

ĵƴ˵Ĺϵʱ, ʱ䱵˵Ҫ

˲ι, ˵˵¹ɽߵũŪͦãҪȥԡ

ʱ䱣
ѣ

ǸʱҲӵظ۷ЦһѸǲķЦ
һԱѵĻ޿̲סһЦ

һˣһ, ŷӦ
Ǹ

˭㰡㲻Ҫ˵ô塣
ʱ˫ֲ嶵ѵ¶һ䵭ɢģƲվߵѣͦ˵壬ʵ

⻰˵Ļͦί
ĵЦ֮ǰĲˬһɨա

ڻˣһѣܵߣѽ㣬Ѻţһ¡
Ѱڰ֣ˣûֽȥٳ԰ɡ
ȻֱӰƤԾͺãǰƤʱŪĶ֭ˮ

üޣôҽһǰ˵

˵ģ֪޿ҪԾһǸڡ뵽ҲҪҪһ𡣡
޵ͷѽ㣬㶼֪ұжܡ

⵹һ㶼ɣֲ̫סԸ
Ȼһ㶼ûǰй¶
ɼȷʵͦݡ

ǳˣĶ̷
޵һ

ҪԷʱ͵ũȥԣȥСʱǻȥϣׯάһȥ

ôһȺˣҲһСۻᡣ
˵طΪ첻ĩũֶûʲôˡ

ũֲ󣬶һԴһĳ˵㣬Сʱշѣ㣬Լȥ
Ƕ̫Ȥϰ޴ѣ˳˾䣺߻ժѡ

ժѡСȫ֮ǰĵ˵ģΪѲŹġ
ȫȻг̣һζ;Ρ

۰Ͱ͵Ŀѡ
ѲΪ̫ɹˡ

Ѿ£ֵ磬̫ҵʱ򣬸ղųȥһȦͷѾһ㱡ζٶˡ
ѽ㣬ȥɣֻһ˵Ļ̫İɡ

ѿһۣεͷҪȥժ
޵Ŵ۾ٴ۰Ͱ͵ͷ
⸱ģǼãһֱ޵Եʣ΢ŵ̾˿Ҫ

߰ɣȥͻȻĸʱ

ڳˢˢתͷ
ޱˡ

˵ߵѲժ𣬡ʱ䱵Ȼתͷӣȥʱ˳ȥҼ

ӣ
ǣѵȱѣ

ȰĿѣ
ǲϲʱ䱣Դϴθʱ䱸æѡѧУ޾Ͳٵǰ˧磬ʱ䱾͸ʦһ

ѧʱ򣬾Ǹѧ
ʦȻη壬˧Ķܡ

Ҳû뵽ʱ䱻ô˵ȻҲ֣˵һȥɡ

˳ţڲ
԰ľ룬ǺԶҲûҪ߸ӡ

ȻѴñӣȴЩȵ

ֻɻǣʱ䱸ղΪʲôҪժѣ
Ҫ˵ʲô޶ʲôǶǲܵ顣

԰԰ӵ˸һ˷ַһѼһӣһ԰ӾǰܣѺ͸ʱ䱡

ʱԼߣܿѡһ༫ѵѡ
ֱӼתѵ

ѵͷۣǲʵղҪ޹
¶ô붼Ծ 

ʱбһۣɫ䵭һѣʵ⴮ô
Уѵ˵ͷ

ٴηһ䵭ȻģôȵվԱߣ˳ôꡣ
㲻ǲ

ͻȻ˵ôһ䣬ס

ϸһĥʶڻشԼһ⡣

ղҪ޹
㲻ǲ

ԣڰԼأ
㳹׹תһ룬ҪûԻ·getĵ㡣̲סŸʱ䱣ʵڣ˺ãôĨǵ𣿡

ʱ䱵Ƴһۣû˵
۵˼ѵǿͦף·ڷʡ
Ƕˣ

𲻳ϣѵ⣬˵꣬ͻȻ춭˵Ǿ仰
˵޵ĸĸ

ȻǶôĺӣһĸûʲôиԸֵ

ǰ䵭ŴƤɵѣ˵ӡ
˼ûоãǰ˰ɡ

ʱ΢бʲô
⻰˵һ룬һ룬ƾ˶롣

ѵȻ˵꣬Ϊ˵ǣ͵ǰִӡ
ֻҪ˵ûʲô˼ˡ
ᡣ

ʣˣʵǸС㣬Ӹпʼͬѧʶܾ˰ɡ

ꡯһ죬ǸʱֽһѼ⴮ְӽӹôһеˡ
ҲͷˣôЩˣӦȥ࿴

ֻҪǶԵģһ۾ѡСԵģٶ඼ûá

ѣ
ֻѡѶѣôקˡ
ϸһĥѲƣ治Ǹѧҡ

˵ķ񣬿̫ںˡ
ָɡ

⵲ǰںֱͫĶ۵ײزסЦ⣬ʣԣ˭ǶԵǸ˭ǿٶ࣬ҲûõǸ

ʱ䱴ζĿѡ
֮䣬·ʲôεš

ѽ㣬öѣҶš ޣͻȻĺ֮

ʱתֱ˹ȥ

ѿıӰЦ
Ҫܶء

*

緹֮󣬴ס
һ·ϣ·߱˵ˣӶûֱׯſڵǿ֦ҶïĴ棬źü˼ҡ
һֻȣҡš
á

ǿ쿴ǱߣͻȻںŵ޵ĺһ
ԭͷѣ̧ͷȥ

üڴܣ

ͣʱڸʻϣŵмޣȴõģǣһڴһСŮòҪ

Сô򱧲ƽߣӾ׼ȥ
Ȼ˱Ҫ졣

ڳͣµһ룬Ѿ򿪡

ѣڼʻϣһ
ͷҲصģֱȥ

׼Աߵ˵ȴ֣ʱҲѾ³ȥ

Ѹϵʱ򣬾ͿһʮСһ˴ڵϣСϹͷɢǱ΢
ʱŮѾڵϣֻǿסԼͷ˻Ȳ㣬һһϣͷϣϡ

ΧʵвΧۣЩˣֻվһԿš
ָֻŵۡ

죬㲻ô󣬾ӵǮھȻҳҴ󺰴УҴС

ŭţͻȻˣӱһֱӴڵϡ

ſڵϣͷ˭ӡ
һתͿһƯ񻰵Ůˣһ·߼ĹӣĮĿ

˭Ҽҵ¡ʵͻȻû֮ǰĵ

߹ȥڵϵС
СڵϲͣԭеѾȭʧ谤ʱҪ˵Χۡ

һ̣޲
̣ϣ
Ϊʲô磬Ҳġ

Ϊ˻ѾڵĬĬʱһ˫֣
£ûˣһɽȪˮöڶ

Сﻺ±ͷֱۣ۾ǰˡ
Ů

˸ϵʱͼСŮɵǰѣ䣬Ҫȫί

ҪҪôССǲǸˡ
һСŮ׵رһǱ˺ܶƣŭѾվˡ

˼˶࣬Ȼĵ׾£ȴǿ˵ƨ£ҹŮҴ쾭塣

⻰ĳ̶ȣڳˣ̲סüͷ

ƨţ˻ȥ
˼ҲǸС׺ݵܵʹô

Էɴˣ޿ָܲ
ָǴ죬ľս

ݣѺ޵С
תͷͼ˵æһ

Ȼ޲ȥһ٣һѵĻһУٲԸ˹ȥ
ȽС޷ţվ

˼ŵһв˵ҪǸҶ֣ͱҶ㲻

ԡ Į

˼˶࣬ƺҲ£ŵϵСﺰãӻؼңҸ㣬ѧǱˣӳȥ򹤡ҪڣҾ͸Ҹżңˡ

Ŷѽû뵽Ȼ׵˵Ļ
СŶСܶࡣ

СƺҲˣݺһĨᣬҲȥҲȥ򹤡ʦ˵ˣԸѧԺҾסУҲǮˡҪѧҾҪѧ

ŮǿĺسȵĿС


軹Ҵǰɣ㲻ӵĻƺҲû뵽ôһ٣СȻô²̨

Ҫֱӽϻؼҡ
ǰһǸʼû˵ͦˣͻȻǰɫĮְ֣Ҳûʸ񡣡

ʱ䱵ĮȴĪöԷǰ

˫ʱ֧ƺõϢҲ˹
һƼǸ϶ôֿʼˣЩĿרǣô˼ˡ

϶˭ˣǹҼҵ¡
֧һŤͷͿڵϵãӴһܻ˵˶ٴˣҲܴôݡ㿴⣬úõĺӸġ

ãôˣ֧ʵ

õͷ˵Ұֲѧ˵סУҪǮҳȥ򹤡Ҳȥ͵͵ܻѧУ׷ҰҴһ١

֧Ҳﵽ㣬˵ҪѧǺ£ʲôء
һԲˣѧϸƨ϶ȻҲճģ˿˼֧顣

λרʦʵڲ˼ǼЦˡҪ¶⣬ǿ𣿡֧˵
С
Ҳľܾ

֧õ̬ȣһʱЩȰĿ⼸ˡ 

һԵĻ޿˿Сʱ˵ʱ䱣ҾǻǱʹĹϵ̫ӲҪȻܻ֮ĿŹ̫õӰ졣

ŵģܶ඼Ҫش򽻵
һ˵ŶӶӰ죬˫ϵ

ǱϾˣô֧⣬˵ǲǡ
޿Сȴ᲻صĴѵĶ

תͷŸʱ䱣˿һԲ΢΢һȲƣ̲סս

ǡ
ʱ֣û޿ɫһס

ֱǰߵСǰԼĺ󱳶С΢ͷ˵ȴȥҩ
ʼգ϶ûʲô顣

һ̣ڳˣܵϣӴģޱ߼ʵᡣ

ɣֱġ




33.   33    Ҫ顭

ʮ

õС, ǰĺ󱳣Ӣ, ȴ̲סᡣ

˫, סļ῿ȥ
ʱɵĽ˱Сʵ̫, ſںϣƮƮĸо

ߣҪ, ҲˡӵҪ, ܵȥ, Щŵ, Ѳɻ￼һӹš
϶֪ǲǱΧΧ۵˴̼쭡

ʲô¶ûУȴƫƫҪԼŮǰ, ڳһϵ۵ģ, Լ׵ݣƿغ֧һС

, ҪϢ˵Ļ޿, üͷ
¶ı顣

һֱĮԶԵѣͻȻЦ
ߵԷǰ, ǸղűѴһ, ŵһֻĮ˵ȻһӴҿ㱣֤, ֻҪٶһָͷҾһְ취ڵϿġ
ֻҪ㲻£㾡ԡ

϶ǰˣ˫Ưĺֱףʱ޾ѹȡ
˵

ǽôסϣȥ¥ҩҿŶߵװȫ¶һи⣬ҩҩҪ

˵ģǲٻ¡
ϣӴ򿪣ҳҩ࣬˵Ϳϰɣֹʹġ

ֽӹšҩ࣬˵ָϣܻеۣһ¡
˿ʵᣬ䣬ѩɽڻµȪȴ˸еġ

лл㣬С˵
ϰ˱ϰһԲϾͱȭߣûһ̲ų󣬿ܰһС
Ϊ֪û˻

ǽ죬ͻȻһȺˡ
ǵǰؼңҩ

ѽҩĨСʱ䣬һ̲ͣ᲻ͣĽҩŪѶòʣۣ
ǣҡͷȥᡣ
ȴһסֱֽۣ˲ᡣ

ּҩϣǾһ¡
õͷƴᣬֱ˳ҩ

ʱ֧˹վԺ븵ʱ˵

ڣǲ˼ǼЦˣ֧һڨڨ˵
ʱҡͷⲢ⡣

֧˵϶ǴˣŮҪǺӾҲǸ¶ģ찤ǴίҲûȰǰͷȰ꣬ͷּ

ּұΪû𣿡ʱ΢üͷ

֧ЩΣϾ˼ҵļ£ŲҲ㱨ϾĻСģ׬Ǯء֪Ϊĸȷʵǲ̫ϸ񡣵ϾҲѺô󡣡

ĻڼҲ޷ǾЩꤵġ
Ǽ¡
Ҳùܡ

·ֻҪһ£ڸһС

Ҳҳ֮Ϊ˸ĸͻȻ˵ĿЦ

һ䵭Ȼٻᱬֿڡ
ʱ

˶Ǵҳʵӵ̫״̬￴䣬̫һ·ƽĳˣҳ֡

ׯάϣǻ޿ֳ𾪡

һֱǶֻһ棬;Ǹþ޺ÿĸ䷶Ů񣬶Ҵŵŵе֡
ƽʱѶԳ˸ʱ֮˶ǵģɴҶ⡣
Ĺʸ䣬沨

һĻׯάϣĵͦж
Ͼ˽ˣ˶ϣԼ֣ܳһͦˣ½첻Ϊǡ
ⶼϲˣˡ

ڻ޿飬Խˡ
˵ģѳȥʱ;öԷʶ壬ȫ֣пŶӵڵظͻġ
ϴѧʱ򣬵ӽҰŵĵʦǶ
мǣһҪڵظ񴦺ùϵ

ŻῪȰ˵ʱ䱣һֱڸʱǰ֪ǵĴһֱΪϲһĻƿ
¶ԷƯҲС
ΪѵΪ¸ʱ䱵ķУϾ޷⣬ἤ˫ìܡ

û뵽Լ
ʱ䱵Ǹش𣬶̶֣ݺϵһơ

õͷС˵ҾѧѣҰ˵ȥ򹤡Ѿȥˡ֪Ⱦƴƣǵ
ʲôҪҲգߵ˵

֮ǰ˵ٸˣѧУѾҵѧӷѣҲ֪ôˡ
СϾʮͣĸǵ졣
񲻹ܿû취ֵס

ǰֽС˹ʪֽᷭԷƣѾһƬѪģ滹ų
ͣѹϵһݣǲһٶ࣬ͷǰСŮ˵˻ΌסֻҪҧأҲ߳ǰƬĮ

㶵Ŀǰ㣬䣬Ȼ
ȴᡣ

ʱ粻Ϫ壬¹ɽⷽССأ㽫̤µƬأῴδ޵ķ⡣

˵仰
ȴ޹İ㣬ÿ˵ĶĤͷǷѾϨѪһ̣ٴαѡ

ʱվſڣŰŵĹ
һһΣ𺳡

ֻĻǾѲ˵ġ
ҲôԼ˵

*

ϣûǵСԺΪ£޺ӶûȻѾȻģ²Ƕ뿪

޷Ҫѵķ˭ֶ֪һá
Ѱ˱Ӷûһ˯һŴĵҲһŽߵȥ̡

СԺ˼Сʱû֮ǰΨΨŵŵʲôҸ˵ˡ
ڶǸˡ
ʮСǶδ޳룬Ȼԭͥϼһ˳

ѽ㣬˵޸ʦúʵ
Բ˵ѽ㣬ֻҲܺԺѽ㣬㣬ѽ㡣

ڴϣһ
˵޸ʦǲǾר޸ġ
԰ѽˣ޹Ż֪ɹŻɣʲô峯ĻĻγģ޸

һЩкüꡣ

ȻޱҪϺü꣬ȴϣߴߴ˵ͣ
׼Ǳ˯ͻȻֻһ

óһۣЩȣȻǸʱ䱷ġ
ʱ䱣û˯
£ص˵𣿡

ķڸʱ䱵¥ϣũ񷿻ûʲôɼ˵¥¡
Ǳߺܿظǡ
ѣԣǵ죿

ڴĻظ⻰¥ͬڴϵĸʱ䱣΢ʱɫ
һظ֮ǰַһ
ѣлл㡣

ʱ䱣Ϊʲôô˵
ѣ޿˵ûŶӵøùϵллʱԸվߡ
˵Ҫ

˵嶯Ҳã˴ҲãʱǲζԷá

ΣǱûظ
ѰĻֻԱߵĴͷ׼˯

ֻٴ¡
ȥã´򿪡

Ļá
ʱ䱣Ҳлл㣬ʱԸվ

վ΢ţͻȻЦ
˺ס˵Ļþ޷԰Ρ 

*

ڶ죬ʱ䱾ͰͻѧУϾĩˡһжȵĩ˵֧ǱҲ˵øҲʱͣ

ûһŶӵλ
һλֵרңһλǱѧڡ

ʱѲڼңȥ޻ȥСһ˵Ҫߣ޵ЩҪҽԺϰ࣬Ҳ

ѻ˴СʱŰϳ
ȥʱͼ˵

һͦİ˵ڣεľٶʵЩ嶯رλ޸ʦ˵ˡ

ʱ䱣£´ķзŶӶ֪ˡҲ֪ǿŶҲĹ涨ģΪǾԲġ

һһ
ڵȵʱ䱵˵Զ׼ô£

ǾãλС㾡֮ǰҲҪƸԱͲĲϵͳˣ˵İ£ƺЩݣûס˵һҵ޸ʦ

ѽסЦ֪£ôˡ
û뵽ƫģȻҵ޸ʦݡ

ͣʱظһ䡣
רҵͷҲû취飬ϾǵĹҪкܾãܽȶأڿŶ

ʱ䱵ͷԡ

⻰վѣͷһϡ
һ˲䣬ĺҪֹͣˡ

רҲû뵽ô˵Աߵһλ˵㿴Ҿ˵ڻǺͨġ

ĿǰĺſӣǾɡ
ʱ䱵Ȼڡ

ڵͬʱס
˲䣬רڣô˵ôʵĻء
ʱŶԷ̬ȾȻǲʣ˼ǡҲûоκ顣ΪȷκδۣҪһҡ 

һֱûô˵ıѧһλڣȰ˵ʱ䱣ɲ磬ǰʲôʱ㶼׷ԼŶӣԼĿ롣֮ǰֱˤˣ㶼뿪ֳȻΪС£Ҫ

ȷʵҶԣҪ顣
ʱʵʵ˵룬ҲԸһΪ֮ܶҵ

ڡ
ˣ
Ҫ顣




34.   34    ǻһ

ʮ

Ȼʱ˵Ļ֮, λǰʦ˵
˵ģΪһ, ߿Ŷĸ֮һ, ʵ顣

һʱ䣬Ҳ˵䡣
뿪

Ҫȥʱ, ¥ȴͻȻнŲ
£µ˭

ʱ, ޿ڿ
ʱ, ͷóֻ, ֪ڿʲô, ɫһĵȻ˿ûиվһ̸ģ

šʱŤͷһۣƽƽӦ
޿֪̬, ſһ, ŵ˵ʵһʱ򣬿Ŷӵλʦ, Ҳҹ, ˽

ʱ䱣š
ôƽһֻӦ
̬ȣû޿Щ׽͸

޿, ǽ˵λʦǰ֪, ѽ¡Ȼô֧⣬ҵıҲϣǸСŮá

θʱ䱿޿һ䡣
ȴû޿ĪЩ顣

Щ̲סʱ䱣ǲѵһѵ״
⻰ȷʵ˵Ĳġ

ǸǸ϶ͻ, Ƿڴͥµ飬סⲻڶ쿼ŶӾյϢ

޿ıĵģοŶӵĸ֮һıΡ
ԷֱӸ޿˵绰˽
ȷʵ״ֻʵʵ˵˶ѡ

ʱȷʵһָº͵Ĵʽƫƫѡñ⣬޿òǿŶӵ

ᡣθʱ䱵Ƕ˵һ֡
޿ҲˣѾԼ˵ʲô

ֻ˹̫нĵٲͷҲᱻ˦ɫرǶԴŮȻȴһֱʿ

޿Ȱ˵Ҫд֣ҲǱ߹ͨⲢʲô֣ҲֻǴ˫и̨°ˡ

һָ˵꣬ʱͻȻվ
޿һ

ʱ΢Ʋͷͦεģ׸˴ѹȸУ˵˿ֱ̺ĿƬƵã΢ϬĹ˹
׵ĻԺҪ˵ˡ

תߣ˭֪ȥͻȻͣ»ͷ

ʱ䱿ǰδеࣺ˵һ飬ûκ飬ԲҪǸҲʲǫ̂ס

޿ԭأ֪ʱ䡣
ʶô꣬ûĮİĿǸԼ˵

ΪһʶŮˣ
ʱ䱣޿ʵû̲סס
ʱ䱲δͷֻһ仰ȥôû

û˵޿ȴ˵ѡ

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ڿŶ뿪֮ǰȳСԺ
֮Ҳ֪ȥĶɴĴй䣬˲Զĺߡ

Եʣ¹ɽֲѾƬɽ֣ƬΧҲľΧţϵĲϣҪ֡

ִӵϼһƬʯӡ
ﶪ˹ȥȻûܸûˮƯ

ǵðְֽ̹ˮƯʱҪñʯӣˮϲͣԾ

ˡ
һ죬ʯٴ
һȦһȦʧˡ

׼ʱԱͻȻҲһʯ˳֣СʯڰлһĻȣȻں棬ţѵˮ㣬ںٴԾ

ڶ¡¡¡
һֱŴΣʯͣ£

תͷˣΪʲôʯӿƯôΣ
ѧʱվڹǱһǳĹ⣬ĿӢ

ȷʵû뵽ȻᣬϾǸСڳﳤġ
ִˮƯ˵ũĺӱȽó

밡ЦЩεҴСѧȻһֱûѧᡣ

ʱӵϽһöʯӣݸѣ
ѽӹʱ䱵ʾһ顣

ȷʵˣٴγʱǴ˲ʧܡ
ȻһͻᣬһԾͷϡ

ĵĴӲݵֽһʯӣֹҾͲˡ
ûü֣ͱʱס
ȵһ¡

ͣΪҪݸԼʲôžϣһ룬ѾվӺ֣סơ

ƣܵı󱧡ֻ֮һ룬ֻһ룬ѹסϢ
Ŀľ㡣
˲䣬Ϣ䣬е˼ȫռݡ

ӡ
֣޹İ㣬һֱ̣Ҳ˦˳ȥ

ָɿʯڰлһߣ䵽ϣӯԾͬһͦԾˮ㡣
һʮ

ղӵĻһΣѵЦ
ʱ䱻վǽһЦȷʵ

һתͷͷͲŸʱ䱵°Ͳ˹ȥߣǴǶȿȥ˧һ

ʱ֮ľ롣
ͺղǸƣֻǸѰĽѧơ

ѿĲӰͻȻ˵ղҶˡ
ʱ䱿ϲûɫã˵˵ҲĻ

ΪվǴĿڷģʵ

֪߹
΢ͷ˵ʱ䱣ҲҪҺ͹֮ѡһ

Ϊİʯ
ʱüΪҪ˵ʲô뿪ֻڣҪֹʱٴοڡ

һ湤ˣѡңǶԵġ

˵ʵʱıס
תһ룬ѻ顣

ôܻΪ˵ţ˳ˣĻ˵ġ

*

ϵʱѸƵȥ
һŽӣȿһŶëԴϴأ

԰һƵ͸о㣬ϴ趼˲ϣϽһۣⲻ汻׼ˣȻ㡣ֻϴ̨ϣëԼͷ

ֱ⣺Ҹæ
ʲô¶ͣĶһ˫ۿͷ

˵Ҿܹˡ
ɶûһãȻʣܲ˵öġ

öİ
˼ǣҸоҿҪ׷ϸʱˣҪҸæѻ𳹵

𾪵ë϶û֣ϴֻ̨ʲô˵˵
ŶǲС˹

ںߣʱ䱴ˮƯʱˣѾǵǸӽ뿪ˡ
ŹȣôԵ飬ڿ

ҪǶѣԼҪֿˡ
ģȫˣ˰ɡ

ֱ˵£ֻܰˡ

ѽԼ˵һ飬ԼһϹˣΪ±ȸղѵĻҪ𾪡

˵ҵѣҪԸڸϾɱ
ѣ

*

ܿͽ˰Ѯʱ䱵յĵ죬ӿӱйҲˡ
ȻһҲϢĸ˹
֮⣬˭Ҳ֪

ϵʱ򣬴ȥϴεũֳԷӽ˳Ц˵ǰصҴġ㿴̶ġ

֪˵ӦǸʱ䱵ĸס
תͷŸʱ䱣ͼϵġ

˵գСӵ־飬Ǽ򵥵ף¡
Ҿ»ȥ

޿ǰˣصشһĳȹϯϻʱʱ䱽º󣬵˵лл
޶ûסСʣѽ㣬Ҫʲô

šѵȻг

һֱȵǴظûȵó
Ҳһ

ô˭óŶǳŸģֱԲ׷ʱ䱡
⻰ʱׯάϣˣסˡ
˵ɫѰ

ôһϷֵĻᣬǶţû׼

ԷḶ́ѻʲôûó

˻صСԺȻط䣬Լʱ䱽ס΢ͷ˵ڣܲȥһط

ʱ䱴ΣʣȥĶ
ȵһܺòá

ΣʱûټʣǸһ߳СԺ
ôһ·˺ߡ

ԭԵĺ棬ҹֻͷ£ճӰӰԼԼģž֮УżԾˮ棬Ķ

֮ǰһĻ
ȵ˺֮Ҳʲôû˵ֻŶ档

ڳõİ£ʱʵǡ
ʲôҪ˵

ֻü˵֣һ顯ľ죬쳹ƬʵͬʱҲһƬҹգƬҰ֮ϣը

顣
һ̻ǰ㣬ʷ׷ӿȥȻը޴貵̻Щ̻԰ţ׷£һ˲µĹ⻪ٴš
Щ̻ͬкµ̻ٲӳŵ˸ŵǳ
һʱߴ㣬ǻһ̳׳

ĴׯҲһ̣̻ȼ
˴ӷӿͷƬ̻

޼ĺô̻Ư̫Ưˡ
վһ𣬿Ѥ

ֱʻһ޴ĿġXһ̻ɵĸת˲ţȴޱȣӳ˵۵ס
ͬҲӳ˸ʱ䱵С

X䱡
ֵĸ
һΪŵѤ̻

˫Զ䵭Įĺʱʢ̻
񳹵ױǻȼ

ͷǰĹʱҲͷ貹⻪

վܵʢ̻¡
תͷտ֣ʱ䱡

˵ʮķ֡
׼ʱŵ貹⻪͸

ϣԶңǻһûкڰԶ
˵꣬ż⣬Ĵ




35.   35    Ӯˡ

ʮ

̻, µʱ䵭ˣľ, վԭ, 
֮վԭأĿ
˫̻ڼ, ԽԽңһֱյĿڴ

Цӯӯֱ
⻹һء

˶ʮ, һ֪, ԭ˵ĴҲ, һ, ȣֻһѵˮǣ

̻ĺӳ, ڸȻµա

ⳡ̻, һö̻ź»ع龲סΧ»عһƬ, ңԶׯ, ûⳡʢ̻롣

£Ҫ, ͻȻоԼ˱˹ȥ
ʱֽڻС

ллͳ
, Ѵδġ

·һԭյĽİиŬģ¶ĵ׵һ˿û˿ᡣ

ʱɿ, ѻӵУȻƬ̺ʳڣʱ䱣֪ǰҴ뵽ԼΪһ̶ֳȣһ뵽Ǹ㣬ôΪ
ֱ

ڵҹֻͷɢԣڱ˴˵ϣճǵ

ɫģ
׷ˣûʲô΢ġ
ʼ̹ڸǰˣҾõġ

ڲʱ˵֮ԳΪһ˳ѧΪ츳õġ

ѣʱ䱺֡
Ѱ

ûҲˡҲֻǸӹ˰ˣΰһϲȴû취˴ȫеĹߵҪҵʱҿڲͣĳûа취ʱ飬һһ£һ꣬Ǵ뱲ӡ

˱˴˿ŶԷƺѵõĳ飬ʱͬҲǣٻ˵Ļܾˣʲôɡ
Դͷһпԣһ˿

ȴһĮԵ·

ҲΪԭһһεá
ãѿˣԼҲ֪

ʼǣʱǳЦ
ѹʱ᲻ԾĿο

ڲ֪ʱѾ˸о
ĸоͷצţռࡣ
㣬Ҳ޷޳

⻰̲סЦˣŸʱ䱣˵ǲңǲԼߣ֪ʲôˣҲ֪Ҫʲôʱ䱣㲻ôҾʽ˵

濼ǿǣҶ׷󡣡

顯Ѿž̻ҲʢţԺȴʢһ̻Ժ

˵Լ˵ģת
ûøʱھ͸Լһش𣬷ǡ

̲ѾõԼҪġ

תǰžĿҰһͳ
š

ѽŲȻͣ£վԭأתͷ
ʱ˹ߵʱ˵ȥɡ

ǡ
ʶס֣ѹסЦ⣺ղ˵ʲô
ȥ

˾Ȼ͵תһףѿɲǰֱ˵˵šʲô˼

濼ǿǣҶ׷
š

ԣֻǶ仰Ļش𣬻Ƕ˵׷Ļش

ʱŤͷ˵㲻Һúÿǣ
ǿ𣿡
ͻȻ䣬Ѳ뿪ˡ
Ҫ̰ĵĵõࡣ

㵽ڵʲôղ˵Ĺ⣬ͻȻ̽Եʵѵǵû׬Ķܴ࣬

Уڵͷȷʵһʮڡ
ֲʵĹǸɡ

һĹʳҲʮҪֽڻרҵĻãиʲôҿоѡϵŶӳĴԵ

һ뵽ҪΪǮ˵ͷ;ۡ
ʵģͦġ

ϿҵģһĻҸ׬Ǯң㸺ò绨Ҫ͹׵͹òֵǧ𡣡

ʱ䱣

*

ǻصСԺʱԺ˾Ȼûɢȥұһ̻þö޷ƽ
رʣǸ̻ľ޴ġX
˲֪Ժ˶̫ˡ

˻ʱ򣬴ҷ׷׿ǣ΢˸ǷȻʵôû˯𣿡

ộ˭˯Ű
˭Ҳû˵

ѼҲڣ֣ȥϢˣҲطɡ
̫ˡ

¥Ҳ̲סС쿪ʼȰȣѽ㣬̻ǲŵģ̫Ưˣһһĸ
ϴ𣿡תͷ

һûС
Ѵߴȥϴ裬ҪȻŶϴ裬ҪȺܾá

ޱ֮óֻ˸绰
ȥ𣿡ʵ

ڳӣžһƣûϿûĵżʵôôĸûиж
£ʣ𣿡

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Խ˵Խţڵ˵ڡ
Ŷڰ
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ǣ
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ȷʵͦδġ

һֱԼǸܽӴˣҪȻҲڵڣǰûһˣʱǿҿˡ
̲סҪò̲סҪ̲סҪܵĽӴ

ȥ𣿡ʵ
ҡͷûأʦڴȻѡһյأ߻ֲͦġ

ũ̻ĹϿǷ̻ûʲôơ
Ƿ֮󣬻Ҫϸһ¡

̾ҵѣ֪ղžôӣ˶Ǯ𣿡

رǸƵġX̻̻ⲻҪרŶƣͷŶҪרŵ̻ʦš
ôӣʮûˡ

ڸĵһӵļ䣬ѵֵ𣿡

Ҫˡ
ǳ׵ķˡ

֮ǰ˵׷ˣﳤôû̸һΣ׷̸ס֣Щ˴ǵܡ
Ϳ벻á

˵лл㣬
͸ڽʱ򣬼ǵøҰĺ

ԡ
˵ҪСĸ裬úӽʲô𣿡
ûҽ˯ʱɡ

ͬʱЦ

Ǳ˴˶ԣԷԼֵˣԥΪԷκξҡź˭гŲסʱ򣬵Էһһ̣ʱĸ󱳣ס

η̻⣬ѵһ뵽ľǹ
Ҳֻй

Ȼһжִеô

治ǹ˲߻δһΪйõƬˡ
ѵòʺƨ

һЦˣҪҪȥǲʲôЮ㣬˵ֻ

Ц£˵䣬Ź˵绰

*

ⳡ̻ÿĵ׺ܾãʱڼ
¹ɽϱŴ꣬ͳ꼾ٴν٣ȻпŴڣǸŶӵĹ˲СӰ졣

ÿ飬ƣ벻

ÿȥʱСԺĴϣŶ
ʱǻƹϣʱ
żʵѡ

˶µ˭ģԴÿοܸжķڷ

죬ΪЩգͱʱǿڼϢ
ϵʱվڴ߾ͿһСӰڴų֣һϴĶվſڣƺ׼ȥ

ѿһĻȥ

ţͿѾ߳һξСá
Сתͷ죬Щ˼ѽ㣬ôڼ

öԿŶӵĹʱ˽ĺ֪ǰ춼ԺÿͶǳŰ졣

ߵǰϢأҪȥ

ҪȥҰˣũֵϰҰˣܶ˶ϲԣҲڵ㣬˵
ʣǮ𣿡

øϽ֣ûУûУʦ˵ˣ֮ҵѧӷѻѣġʦ˵Һúö飬Ժ󳤴һҪرǡ

ѵЦҪرңֻҪŬĳҪǻرԼ

е࣬ΪδĻ

øȥɽϣѾûж
ֻʱԭͻȻͱСʱһǵ

ʱصظͻĲɵĳš

ôˣʱҲ
ѿһ۴⣬껹£˵ˣһЩȻͱű¨ȥɽˡҿûд¡

㵣ꣿʱ䱵˵
ѵ˵ͷ죬ɽ·ôʪˤɡ

ʱܿ찲ο˵Ҽǵ֮ǰ￱ʱɽϺרŹϢСľݡƾΪӦɡҲҪ̫ġ

극֮󣬸ʱָҩ꣬ȥϢ

˯һѾĵӡ
ʱǻûлоԼҩһƺ˵㡣

Ŵ⣬ȻڻûͣѾڳ˿һ˿⣬˵ϣҲΪ

£һɡ
ǰõļ

סڴƫƧĵطûԺӣƽԱ߼Ӹ䡣ʱȻŴ꣬ҵСӣ档

߹ȥǸ߰Сû𣿡

㣿ûУɽȥˡСҡҡͷ
õƺҲ˳ɡƯֵĹ

ͻȻ֮ǰĴţȵǿŶӡ

ɽǲǻûһ顣
ҡͷȻҲǵǲѣǵ͵ũŮˣһΨΨŵŵɷıϢӣôຢӣֻΪ׷һӡ

꣬תߡ
躰ӦǶɽǱҰˣô꣬϶Ҹطġ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǹʹ¹ɽĶȥ

ʵҵķ붫ɽܽ
ýϣΪ˸Ǵׯ

һСŮӳʼͲԼҵĸĸڴŰɡ
־£Ѻû취޶ԡ

һ·ɽߣſ᳤ܻҰ˵ĵطȥҡʱŴ꣬ҲŰɡؼ䣬ΨһΪڷ絲Ĵڡ

á
á

ѵصĻУͣĺţȴòκλӦ

ֱŲʶĻͷϲĺһá
û뵽˾ȻǴһɫµңõĸףǸ֧Ϊ϶ˡ

ʱһЦѡ
滣ӣΪǮʲô͸ʲôȫǰñЦӶҿλôš

Ѳɷ̵Ŀǰˡ
ã΢УԼ˿ЦЦ

ԣǾ䵥ˣܶʲôЦʵ

϶ϴҪ˶࣬һˡ
.¶ǵѵϴֳ..Ҫ

ֳƯŮˡҪ˵

û뵽ѻһ̣Ѹɡֱϴ˹
˸̫϶ǸƵˣ鸡ĲУﻹӦĹɡͷֱӾʹؿڡ

۵໵һ󺰣˺ü
ֱˤڵϡ

ỹվŤͷɽܣ˿ɽ·ʪҲסܵĽŲ

ʵ޻ôãҲѧ˷ֶΡ
ʱ˷ʱ䣬Է

ɽͷҶԷˡ

϶վ˻.ܡ
ȴܲˣһ·񱼣´˿̶ҵҪŻ£ȴһ̶ûͣЪ

ɽ̫Զһת䴦϶׷ϡ
ԷֱץסĲӡ

ѹţԥ.߹ȥ治

ܳ϶ٴδȻݺץסѵļ
ɽ̫ڲ䣬ѾɽԵֲܲ˵ȥ۾

϶ʹ˲۾˺ݾݺƿ

ѱסǿôû뵽ˮʪֱץ˿գʧȥƽ⣬ֱӴɽȥ

ͷһ·¹͹ʯӺͲľһ
ݺݵϻҵĿӡ

ֱһʯԣ׺ݺײȥԡ

϶۾ʱͷΧû˵ӰֻʣһѸղŲʱµһѺɡŤͷɽ棬Ȼͱڣֻ£ҪȥҲҪˤС

֮ǰˣΪʧɽˤƫ̱ġ
϶ҲҶͷҲصˡ

Ĵ޼ɵ£Ѿ͹ؼž·𳹵û֪

֪˶ã꽽ѣԼָ֪
ſԭأҪȥÿڴֻ

壬ȴ·𶯵á
ʹ
ʹ

ڵϣɴôͷܸоµĲݵ﷢ɳɳ
ѡ
ʶٴģʱһңԶңԶ
ԶΪֵĻþ

ڶʮ꣬Ѿעˡ
ֻʮǰҲǡ
ôӣ޷ѡ

ѡһ˻ߵĺٴ
ǴϷġ

ѱ۾ԺнеͷҪʬ壬ϣǸʱ䱡
ͷٴλ˹ȥ

ٴʱ͸о伫ˣŬƤ
һԵ˵ѣˡ

ƿƤͷľͷԼŲ䵭忡ӣʱ䱵ǰܿŨĳޡ

˵Ͼܴͨ绰ǡ

ѾԼͷû취ֻʣ
һСľݣˤɽ£û취ɽֻطʱ䱵˵

ѣôˣ
Ҹ㷢Ϣһֱûأһؼȥ㡣㲻ڣҾȥü˵ȥûлҾͲ²⣬ɽˡ

ʱ䱵ͷ϶ʪ͸ˣ̷һֱˮ
żһѵĶϣ֣

ûµģܿͺãҺܿϵǡ
ʱ䱻ڰο

ʧЦ£һǣȫʹ˵Һ˯
С
˵˵

óƤһֱŬţÿһζŬͷĶͷƣ㲻ϲռұ˵ģ㶼һˡ

Ц
ɣҲ֪Լ˯һ˯ȥҲѲˡ
ʲô

Ѷգ۾˵ҪǷһ˴ܡ
˵صĻȻҪ˽ˡ

áʱն
˵һһ˵ܡ

һ֣Ǽѣ˵

һӡʱ䱺ۿ
һӤѲҰա

ͬʱ˵Լܡ

˵󣬸ʱ䱵ı㵣ǰղ԰׵ĹµǱľأۡ
׵̬գƯĴ顣 
ÿ۵Ĺ˭ý

Ӥ
޷֣ϵһ

Ӧ֪ʲôӤɣǸճͱӵСѵƽ

Цʱ䱣мֵ⣺ûҵ
Ӯˡ




36.   36    һĴ

ʮ

СľĴ, µķ·ҪضҪû
ʱ䱿бŵˣɫκʱҪ԰ףûһ˿Ѫɫ, ֽͬƬ, СľݵĲϣ졣

ǲ룬йù, бܵģŸʱ䱡
ĵܣʱ, ô¶

ʱ䱼ѵĻº, һ, ֱסĸо, Ϊǰˡ

ѽͷ΢΢Ʋ⣬Ų껹ڼ
˵ұ񵽵, ҲĴ, ҾһСֽһҰԱ߿ҡЦ, Ǵ˿Ѿûô

ʱ䱽ȭͷ
ҪҪ˵ȥ, ȴûֹ

ҪҰְֳ֣ҾͻΪҰµһ͡
ԽԽɢ, ƺѾ׳˻֮, ЩΪѾԶȥĹʵûԶ롣

Щ鵱ȻǱ˸ҵģ֪ũļҳ̣ûܡҺСʱ, Сͺ˵˵ˣǰְּġ

Щˣͻֵ߸ϵ̬ԺҪТ˳ְ֣Ҫְ֣ǻڵġ
У

ںΪԼõİְ֣үүйùá

ֱٴʧȥһС

㸸ʱȻǿҲ̣ջʵ

ȥˣתͷãȻͷ븵ʱ䱶ӣǸʱȴоδڿԼ˵ְˣҺ֮үүѹܿҲȥˡ

ùңܸоҡʵҲԼңְֲµġµǸӦҡ
һѵʶģʼ˵˺

ӦΪʲôһôãΪԼѡļˣ΢΢ȾһδйĴ뿪ҵļˡ

ôǵˣʵҲẦ¡
磬ûܸ˴ˡ

ʱͣԼѣѡ
ƺʹĻɹˡ

Ѻ˶ʱʣ֪ҵ𣿡

šӦ
ʱڣͬһȪԺԽ˼һ˿

ʱһμ¹ʣȻҼǵиСŮҡ֪𣿵ҪСŮȻеˣҵļ˶˵ûСŮ

һֱţǣһСҡǲô˵ǻһµĿ˵ûСʼҽҽңڼΣ£һСŮĿŵõȡ

ʵζ޷αġ
޷ôᶨõĶǷ񶨵Ļش

һʼҲףΪʲôҪҵļ䣬ֱҲ뵽Ϊңܵʲô˺߸Ѿʱ䱶סҲʹ൱С

Ϊˡ
ǵڡ

ҪȻ޷ͣΪʲô˶ڷļ䡣
Ϊ˱ñһĴۣҪȻ޷ͣΪʲôôڿһ£ļ䡣

ԽڣԽ޷¡
ڻûȷ֮ǰޱߵ֮С

Ҳʼ߱ˣǵ˵ǸСŮˡʵҴûзʼոԼʵڵġ
ѾӰ졣

ô̸κ˵ĿΪ¡
ĵ״ڵһԶ޷⿪ֻҪһ첻⿪ܣԶòѡ

վ±ߣֻʣһ
Ϊ⿪Ǹܶ裬ΪԶҲ𰸶衣

Ѿһӡ

ʱ䱴Ҹ㣬ҴŲǸˡҸͲʵһ˶磬ұԼͷʮ꣬ʮҾܾ˵ĿҾܾ㣬Ϊ㲻á
ΪҲֵá

ξ˵㣬ÿҪ˯ȥʱܱʱ䱵Ļ
Ҫ꣬ٶ˽һ㡣
һС

Ŭ̧Ƥ˫ԲĴ۾ûֱף룬Ѿôˣ㻹Ҫ˷˵һ𣿡

ʱ䱣ǲңǲԼҴû㵱ˣ˵ģǶˡҵĳǳ׸Է̹ԼĲÿ˶Լ⣬Ҳδؾ⡣

ʱ䱣ң
Ǽ֮˵٣ĸڵˣ˵ûУܡ
նԭԼŲɵĸʱ䱣ʼҡ

ôƬ̣ΪԼˣ˻롣
ǸСŮԼ

ϣԼ޷Լô˾͸ԼҲ֪µĹȥʲôǸʱ䱡

ͻȻ˿ٴƽԼֱ˫۾±ŷǿҵᶨ棺㡣

һ룬˵ĸֵ˲䣬ʱ䱸оô꣬ĵĿն񳹵ױ

ǵһΣ˵
ȥô˵˶

ɳĮеˣޣ˶ֻǺ¥Ҫȴֹʱڳһ˵㣬ޡ

ҪȥѰ࣬ǾȥҡٲãҲʧˡ

ʧܱԼǿɡ

˵꣬ƣ벻ıƤ
̫ˡ
̫ۣ̫ۡ

˵ʱ䱣Ҫ˵Ļͻһ뿪ɡ

仰һѵݺݲ˸ʱͷ
ᣬᱧסͷٴסĶͷ˵㲻ģҲµġ

һֱ˵ûзֻˡ
ɽУĴ꣬˸Ĺµ

ǰû˷ֵ̫ʹˣٴƤҪֵܡ

һ˹¶ʮ꣬һɡ
磬û
ӴˣҲôµ

ιιڣĶأ
ͻȻŵֻ˻

ׯάѾ˾ԮӣǸϹˡ

ԭڸʱ׼ɽ֮ǰҲäĿͽǰׯά˵绰һԼʧȥϵϵԮӣɽԮ

֪ŵİ취ӦɽµţԮһɽ

˵ĸܻǡ
´ҲΪȽţڴֵ顣

¡
ʱ䱶֪ԭѾĵ²ԼİΣҲҪĴɽֻΪȷİȫ

һ̣ԼçײԼһεĲǡ

Ҫʱϵѻһֱȵʧ¡
žԮֻῴԵ顣

ʱû˷ʱ䣬ׯάԼеСľУѴɽˤȥ˼صˣþԮӴϵɽ

ׯάżҪããڣһҪסϾ͵ϡ

ڹҶϵ绰󣬸ʱҪϲĸѣˡ
ȴеˣڲ֪ʱı˫ۡ

ʱֻܽڵϣʼ˹ͣҪʶŬЧ
ٴʱ˵ղţҺ˸Σμˡ

˿û˼ȴҲ֪ʱ䱲ʱ͵ɡ
Ӧ˹ɡ
ЦԼزòһ¸ʱ䱡

ֻڣҲûһЦ

Σġ
ʱΣͷһĴ

յ̻£ȵĴ˿Ĵãʱʧ
һϵϣһֱҪʧ




37.   37    ҲҪһ

ʮ

ҽԺ, ٶȱģƽҵʱ򣬸ʱ, ˵, 㡣һûµġ
ı۾۽΢Ҳû

֪, һԼ˵Ļ

ׯάһģҲʪ͸ˣһԵο, , ʦһ׻ġ
ʱվڼҵſ, һ

Ѿʪ͸, ڣվţϲͣδˮ

, δͣЪ
ͬҪһļ

𣿡ͻȻҽ˳
ʱǰ, ҽ˵˳صʧ֢Ѿķιܵ˥, Ҫ, ǩһ֪ͨ顣
ҡʱͻȻס

ļ, ΢ܵĹϵǡ
ͬ¡

һ, ͬͻȻ

ׯάżʦļ˲ǿԴǩ𣿡
УҪǩ֣ǿ, Ȼü˸ϵʱٲǩһ£ҽҲȫ飬ϾҪ

ҽ˵鷳ȥѷýһ¡
úúáׯάӦ

ҽ»ңׯάתͷŸʱ䱣˵ȥһ·ãе˵ʱһҡϵļˡ
ʱ䱴˿ƺָǣɵİš

ׯά뿪󣬸ʱóֻΨһϵϵֻޡ

˵绰ޣһͨЩȵʵڣ
֮ǰǴ˸ʱ䱵ĵ绰Ϊʱ˵ҪѧʣԴ绰

˿ҲоȣԷԼ绰

ޣʱ䱿ںɤһ˵԰ϵѵļ𣿡
ûĸףҲȥˡ
ˣֻʣĹùһҡ

˺ð죬ͻȻʣѽ㣬ѽôˣѽôˣ

ȱ£ҽԺҪļ˸һˡ԰˵ֻңǺԽֻҲС

ƲͣĶѾھ͸ùô绰ھʹ򡣡

ܿ죬Ǳ߹˵绰
ʱվǽڣͬһѱ۶ϵĹ

֪˶ãʱ䱵ֻͨһ˵ڣã̡ĸҽԺ

ҽԺ
ǾҽԺҽԴ籱ðΣգѴȥ

̣ãǻ̸Ϲ
ʱʣϵѼ𣿡
ùòڱУøԽϹھʱչ

ĽŹùú͹øʱͷ֪ʲôζӳµζʱ򣬲ӦǼƽʱȴĪļʡ
̿ԹĽŹùãȴҽʣʱ򣬶޷վ

δйļʣͷš

Ҷϵ绰ʱ΢˱۾ֻ˸绰սͨ˵ϵһҽԺ׼һõļȳмӻ
磬ôˣʲôˣͷһԸе֮

ʱ䱵ңҵѡ
ãšԷҲʡ
лл㣬⡣

绰ǸԼ׵ܸܵģԷ̽磬ԴѧҪǿĶࡣ
´ᶯüԴĸʱ䱣ʱҲ˲ôˡ

ⱾҲּҳ̵ԸֵܣʱҪǲ˵Ҳ̫࣬һθֵ绰ûסʵû°ɣ

ֻĬã˵⡣
ţ˿ҲţҪ˵Ļ

һĳĬ󣬸ʱ𣺡Һܵ
ѶҪ
ⶼײ죬δ

ʱ̧ͷҵķͬĬһ͵˵ţҪ

ϲˡ

*

Խְ֣ԼöˣСʱ֮ϵġҲŴ꣬һֱһ·ͨĸ٣Ҳ˳
ǽ߾ȫϵʱѾͽ
˭̽ӡ

ڣԽһ¥ϣſڵĸ⣬ֱͷȫˮҲ֪Ǻ꣺ҽô

ʱ䱣Ѿͽˣҽ˵Ҫ۲һϡ
ôԽӼһķʣҽΪʲôˣɽ˵ģȥŵ𣿡

ԽһԵ˼ʱվ˳ס

Խ죬ǿͣ
˿ĿŸʱ䱣ãǺѵĹøùΪڱУʵ׷ʲô飿

Ϊ岻ûǰֳȥʱڼҷϵȥŷ¹ɽҵʱɽµס

ҽΪʲôͻȻɽԽûסʵ
ʱ䱺΢ΪϪʶһСɽҰˣʱµĺܴһֱܵĶԷȥСһˣֶԷһֱûɽɽȥˡ

һʼʱ䱻⣬ΪʲôѻǸõСŮôע

СľĻˡ
ǱŮȻûбĸõĴҲûõȥ
ѶӦһͬɡ

⺢ӴСȣ꣬̾˿
ע⵽ʱ䱵ɫͬѿ˵ڣȻҲˣȻȥϢźˡ

ãҲʱ䱵˵

ҴģӦ

ô˵Ҳûټ˵
ϣȰ˵øȴԽ޻ؾƵϢֻҪˣҾ֪ͨǡ

ôˣɵţҲǰ취

ҲȥҪҽ㣬ԽҲľܾҰֺȥ
ͬҲҪѽ㣬ùøȥϢ

Խ֣ʹˣסϽȥϢɡ
ԼТ˳ӣεܸܸ㽻Ǯչ㣿

ҿչѽ㡣޸Ͻ˵

󺫻ǿƴ˺Խޣ̺͸ʱҽԺ

ˣǻġ
еԡ

ʱ΢۾ڱĿ̲סȥͼϵİ׳Ѿ̣ĲӣӲ˵Ϊ֮¸ˣȫһһƵˮպۼ

̼ʱ䱼Σӡǣ䵭ֽĴѧڡ
ӲڣҲ֮ûǱһ档

ڣ̿ں
ʱ΢ۣǴ˿̣˫ĺ䵭˹
̣ҿһ𣿡

ʱ΢΢ףȴסˣƺ˼ãſʵԣʲôĴڣ

⣬øʱ䱳Ĭá
ĿƺڵĻش

ʱͬɫ
𰸣׿ڸѡ

*

ʮ
ҽԺѵʱŴŲŷˣۿ˲ˣǵѶεҪǿ޳ҾƲˡ
ƲƲôҿôˡ

̲סԹǻ׹סԺȫһ֪İɡ

ǵڣҡͷ
˵꣬£ͻȻסʵûʲôѡ
ˣ˹֮⣬Ҳֻʣһ÷֪֮

ȴĴı飬ŭ㿴ı飬Ұɣȫһ֪ˣҰɡ

ѵ˵÷֪֮
ҿʲôʱϵҸʲôϵ

ˣʣ֪סԺȥ𣿡
ûصش绰߹£ԴʱͲ²ȥǴӶǱߵõϢ

ǡһҡͷ˵Ŷ²ǴĶõϢġ
Ƶѵĺġ

κһ䵭Ȼģƶ
ȫżӡ
ױܵ˵Ұɣ֪ҿ϶ﲻסǰɡ

ȷʵǲ̫صסܣرǰ

ȥŶӣôûҵ㣬֮󣬲֪ԭȻסԺˣ̲סϴ£˵Ҳǵģô飬治Ұ

ѣҽͻʿÿ쾫չˣ㣬Ҳֻǻ㹤

̾˿
֪ܲѵԸ
ǣģӲ鷳ˣҲܾ鷳

ΪʲôȥŶӣʵ
Ѿ֪涼˰ɡ
ѣʲô죿

֪㲻ô罻ý壬㿴λж𡣡

ԭסԺ⼸죬̨罻ý壬¹ɽغĹַһʵʱǶغĹķֱֳ

̨쵼˼һҲΪ˳ӦڱйͳĻĳϾţҶû˿׼һʼڹȥֱģһŶӡ

ôţһһǧֱۿ΢ĻⲻˣǿĹٲǷϰȶǳ˵ıը

ȷʵҲû뵽뿪̶̼죬ͷ޴ı仯
̲סʵԸʱôˣ

ײļǷ˵װʲôأʲô㻹˵ִ˧磬ڲصظԭϣֻҪиֻܻȫ˵ȫͷֱ棬˧ѳ۾ܿðɡ

Դӽýʱ֮󣬶ƾ˼ӵľΪˣѸٻϱ

ãھֱأҸ㿴ɡѾˣԼˡ
ֱƽ̨ȻҳŵĴͼƼϡ
ⶼдͦ˵ġ
ܡƿšŴ˧ǧĹäС

ȥͷþͶ׼ĺſӣʱӵ׵ĸʱƶƽ̨ϣ棬һھƬ

ڵҿٿһꡣ
ʲôİڵļףİ״ˣҪǡ
ʲôУǾǸڡ
֮ǰΪڵѾÿˣֱҿ˸ڵָ

ֱĻˢķ𣬸
ǸֶԸʱ䱵Ĳʺƨ

ΪԼԸƽʱѾֵˣֱһ˵ԳֵĽ
һѡȥ㵽ȫǰ

ۿͣϽֻûģģģЩѶ۲۲

ԣǺˣʵ
ͷ԰ǵ̨öƬڴҪϽĿġϾѧϽĿͦġô˧
ѣ϶ϲ

ȷʵ˽һھ;ܾˡ

˵һʼֱɷҲԸ⡣ǺŶ쵼̸ǿܡ˵ֱɷ϶õİɣִ˧ڣúõĻҪġ

ʵ⼸Ĳͦȵġ
¹ɽغĹַĲȣпŴ˧ļӳ֣һ¾͵ȼ˸罻ƽ̨

ˣסԺô㣿Щ
⼸Ҳڿֳۿʱÿ춼ææģûʱѡ

˵ΪŽĿŶӣˣӦչɡ

˭˵ûչˣѴ
䣬ű죬һСģˣһӣﱧһŵİٺϻ
С㣬ͺͻ

Է˽ֱӽĴӷϣְԭڶϻƿĻԼٺϻŽȥ
ѵĲλҽԺĸ߲㣬ʵʵѹ
ԭѩһƬĲȾ˽ɫ

С㣬ˡСŪöϻϵ˳ȥ

ŻƿĻֿϵʳС
ָָ̲ס˵òǡ

ǲѾһ˰ɣɻʵ
˵ûС

ǻʲô

ĬӲ˳ŹøԽ޺ǽֹеʺĿ渵ʱ䱵ϡ
վſڣĿԼ

СľݶԼ˵Ļ˵Լ֮ô꣬δǸСŮΪ£ô˵ΪǸСŮΪ˾Ѿˡ
Ĳ²⣬ͬż㣬δ߳

ղŲ˵ΪŶӣӦչң
£ȷʵô˵ġ

˵µľô룬¸ǿˣܻὫһжϡʱ䱾ˣѾ̫࣬ҲϣҲΪ¸еļ֮һҲϣΪҲΪȥ˿ŶӣͲôصˡ

˿ѻ̧Լơ
һгѵƲϸС˿ڣصֱϵһ˰̡
һ˰̣ɫ߷˿ϣԵø

ô˲
˭֪жౣ˫֡

ѱˣɫȻ侲˵ҽ˵ˣӦòӰָĹܡ
޸ʦ̫֪ĹжྫϸҪȻҲԼ˫֡

֪Ϊʲôʱϵ𣿲ҹϣ˶ԣʲôĴڡ
޶żȻ˵˸ƵĻ

Ѿȥ˾ʮŲ
̧ƿٺϻϾĻ䣬ʢ£һ˿Ц⣬ֵȻƶ

ڣҲҪһҪ




38.   38    䵽ˡ

ʮ

ڲ, һֱ뿪
ߺһڲϣĳ

ҽ֮, ֪ͨԽҷӵ, һ۾Ϳվſڵĸʱ䱡
ĸʱ䱣Ǳһҹ, °ЩԵĺ硣
³Ǹֿˣˡ

ˣҽ϶˵, Ѿû, ҽԺϢ, ܳԺˡ
һ˵ڴ, ɫȻ

޵ǸСŮǱﲻס, һ¾Ҫˣѽ, ô˵ôء
ѼԼգһЦҽ˵, ЩС, û¡
ΪǴɽϹȥģձʯ, һ

˿̿, СƤ

Ҫ֮ǰҽڰѸʱ֧ϾôںԼ뵽Сľֻʱ, ͽǱģ۵ס
ĵף¶ܣ

޻ڿޣȥ̧֣Լֱ̫ˡ

֣ò׾Աߵ˼ͬʱ
Խ㣬ôˡ
ޣѽ㣬֡

ѲŵͷԼƣԭ˫µ˫֣˿̱鲼ϸϸСС˿ڣҪֱϱźɴ

һֱֵĺܵȻѣҲʧɫ͵ơ

֪ԼʱǸ϶ʱױˣû뵽ƻôصˡСľʱɢžʹƵʹûôĸо

˿̸ʱ䱵ı飬ͬ𾪡

ҵѵʱڴоûһ˿
ֻȽСľ˫һֱڵϣ˴˵ܣʱҲûע⵽ơ

תȥҽûһҽ˹

Խҽ쿴ҽ֣û°ɣ
ҽ˵Ҫ⣬֮ǰʧ֢ĺ֢ϵƵֻСˣֱǾ˴ʮ롣

ҽһ޸ʦҵֶҺҪҵƻò𣿡

ҽһ㶣⵹û뵽Ҳͦġ
ϾҽְҵҲҪָϸȵĹΪר޸ˣˣȷʵ޷ܡ

ҽϽοİɣѾˣҪǸϸСˣӦǴɽϻʱ򣬱ʯӸġ˿ڣȻʮ룬Ҳû˼ǡƵĹܣӦòܵʲôӰ졣

ȻҽȷʵڰοѣҽģҲҰѻ˵̫

˵ҲɵţѵͷԼƣЦԼôù
ҽ˵ӦòܵʲôӰ죬͵϶Ӱ졣

ˣȻȥϢɣҲҪģҽＷˣ̲ס䡣

ȻȥϢ
̺͸ʱ䱶һҹȻҲ˱۾ҽԺֵطȴԶ˯õġ

ڲ֮Ҫʲôȥ㣬ͻȻٴα򿪡

ʱŴӣдš̡
Ҹޣ˵㶫ղҽ˵Գʳʱ߽ӷϡ

ѳ޿ۣСʮԾҶɫ˵ȥϴּ䡣

ߺ󣬲ֻʣѺ͸ʱ䱡
ЦӯӯĿʱ䱣ǣ˵ڣǱ

ĹɣƺƱ˴˼ЩĬա
Բ𡣡
ʱ΢Ŵջ˵仰

΢̾£ȻǽԼ˵ϡ
˵֮ǰľݵʱ򣬶ü˵ȥɽãǸ϶βһɽΪִŻʧɽҪ˵Ӧ˵㲻Ҫ˵ʲôԲ𡣡

˿˵ĻȷʵøʱΪ֮һ

ҲΪΪɽ̫ʪŻʧɽ
û뵽ȻΪõĸס

ڣ㲻˵Ҳͨˣû취е⣬ҲҪеĴԼϡ˵
ϣԼҲΪʱ䱵ĵ¼
£Լѡ

ѡһΣӦûǻѡǸʱȥãǻ϶ǻΪԷĲʧˤɽ

΢ͷȥϢɣ㶼кˣڡ
ֵ˵°͵ķ

ʱ䱽Ӵ򿪣óĲͺУ˹ȿԶˣߡ

֮죬ʱÿ춼ֹ
ϾסҽԺѣѣҲûлȥ

ׯάϣʿŶǱôʱϣС˵©죬층ʱ䱸ձŶӵܸѵһ١

ǵʱҲȲѣ͸Ǵֵ᷸ͼˣͷˣʦڵʱ򣬺ö˶ײˡ

£ʵôˣ
ҸоǾ̫ϣС˵
ׯάֹϣˣʦˣǱС´

Ҳʱ֪ԼסԺÿ춼ϪϵҽԺȻһֱҽԺԼѾӰĹ״̬

˵ʱˣ̫䣬ĵȴĲˡ
ĹҲҪжϡ

ԭΪСľǸǸıǱ˴˵ĹϵʱǸʱ䱣ûǸǡ

ڶϣʱһ°࣬ϵҽԺ
տҲĲץ·Ļʿʵأ

תԺˣ˵תеҽԺȥˡʿ̫ӡˣ˭֪63ŲǸƯ񻰵Ůˣи˧Ĵ˧ѡ
ÿ춼ҹ϶ϲߡ

ʱתտյĲ˵ζ

ǲµָֻĪĳӦֻ
һ΢š
ѷġ

ѣڣӦõҽԺɣܱǸûǰ˵ѾתҽԺ⼸֪Ҳ࣬뿴ľǵĹСľ﷢һУʵҶǵһҲǣҪٽеĴԼϡͬҶףϣԶ貶ңҲǻһԶҺúŬûرңһúˣϾĸŮ˻ϣԼʱĳģ

Ϊһڸʱ䱶ʱֽһ

ѣҲ˴һ侲Ļĵ׵뷨

仰ٴĬ
Ȼ֮Ҳûϵʱ䱡

֮ǰֻҪʱ䣬޷棬ҲҪ΢òһ¡ڸʱϢʱҲ᲻Ծֻ΢ŵϢ

һΣûѵϵ

*

ҽԺʮ죬רҽ飬ҲȷƲκιӰ죬ùԺ

ôΨһģžλùá

Ҳ֪СԺжչˣԼҪϰ࣬ɷ򺫻ҲҪϰ࣬Խָչѡ
ͬѻԼСԺϢ

죬ѻصڴϣֻĸо

ֻǺԽͰ˹Ļ˵㣬Ҹ豨ˡ˵СԺ㣬ڼֲܹ϶ġҪиʲô¶ҪȵģҲԡ

ѿһԻޣڲӵĶ㣬Ȼȱľȵġ

Խס

ԭһƽ£ϵĲҲĲࡣ

죬Ѵ¥ϸ⼸ûһֱڿүү޸ֲᡣүүȻʦһ˳ʢȴһֱиԸ
ǾгһգҲܽԼ޸ĵãɲᡣ

ֻϧֻǸΪҪչ˶ӣ޸ĵͨ޸ʦ

ʱᷭүүױдµЩ޸ֲᡣ

¥󣬾ĺԽ໰ܳ˭˵ҽڵ׷Ҳҽ˼ðɡЩԲУʲôҪǸڲϲҽ㣬ҽԺҽô϶ϲߡ

Ҫ֪Щ˭һšԴ
𾢣ôֱӽֻ

Ϳԭڿһӡ
ӦǱѧУ԰̳ϵӣиѪhot

濴ӣӵֱִּ̻׷ڵŮǣϵǸŮɡ


¿Ϳ¥˵⼸ĳϱϰ̻ƵΪΪ׷Уϵ֪˧ȸʱ䱽ڶŵġ̻ŮǣܿҲ֮ǰ븵ܻĴŮ

¥̻Ƶӣ򳡵Ƭ

ǳǹٷģѧУҲѧиٱʱȷʵ˲ƬҲ֪ǲӰʦƫģѾȻвƬ

ѵǶǸ̻ƵȤֱӵ㿪ӡ
û뵽Ϳɫ̻ҹĻ׵ˣȻһġXڿд˳

Ƶôϣֹ¡
һ룬Ҳˣ쿴̻ģ͸ʱ䱣ô࿼ŵˣԼ񣬻ȥ¹ɽˡ

κ˶пܡ

ԽˣɴҲˣֱ˵㣬㶼֪罻ýж졣йص飬رۡ

̻ƵҲǣǱ˷ϵģ˵Ϊ׷󸵽ڣصط̻

ѵͷǵҲû˵
Խ

ΣСʣ㣬ⲻŵİɣ
šĵӦѾ㿪ӵµۡ

˵ֶΣţˡ
˼һᣬҲڵڻ
ȵȣ˵ڲŮɫһĳҵģôŮˡ
ʲôŮѣˣŶӣ˵ǸŮĵԼƯ͸ֵ׷ڸ
ۣ˭ˬˣҡȻѹֻҪŮ˾뿿

ԽЩظ̲סƳһѵɫ˵ˣ㣬Ǳˡʲôû

ʱȻǣΪձ½ȵһ־˲Ů˿
˿˼òνҶûᡣ
ǾһԶԶͶԷˡ

Ҫиˣܿʱ䱣ּʵ˲ˡ

ȷʵûʲôɿġ
̻ƵҲ׷˵ϵġ
ҲãҲգͲ±˿ϾôĶȫ˼

Ҫ¶ˣҲѡôҵķʽ

¾ͱѸԺ
÷֮Ҳڵõ˵飬ʱͷһܻƤЦˣɫĮࡣ

㾿ʲôʱң÷֮ʵ
ѣģҽ˵ˣҵ±ôָȸܵӰ졣

÷֮㱩˵ڵ𣿡
㵣ҵĻǾûҪˣѾˡʲô𣿡

ŲԸʱ䱵ʱԶǣѾȥʱѹͲȥ⣬棬հˡ

ѣΪֻǵĺϵҶֻú𣿻˵ңֻЩ÷֮˿ûתƻ̬Ӱ죬ֱʵ
ѵΣѣһֱѡ

鷳´ʱ֪ͨһѡ
÷֮û˵

֪Ҳû˵ʲô
˭֪Էתͷ˵иᣬһȥɡ

Ц˫ֻؿڣ΢΢ף÷ܣ´㻹̸ֱɣҾǵദ׵㡣

ѻǴӦ÷֮

ȷʵǼʵæٰģΪ˸ѪͯյõƿᶨЩаѪĶͯ
ҲŻͬǰ

ϾУ÷֮Թ
Ѳûд·һ¹磬һȹ÷֮ϰĴ磬ָϵŮһԸб¶

˵ᣬ÷֮͵£ɻ˲ٹע

һ̴ľڼʱѾͷֶиƵƵƣûܷ
̴ľܺ־ڱصð
÷֮һЦܷŮˡ

ӣ˸ΰߵļ۸

ΰһ÷֮ڸԼǳ߿һЦȻͺٴξƣԭһֵٶİڼֲµľУȻֱİ

ΰ˵ע£ҧҧûپơ

´ӣ˵ϲ÷ܡ
ѵȻ󻧣Ȼʹ졣 
÷֮

гϢʱȥϴּ䣬Ϊ¥вŮҲʱǰϴּ䡣͸ɴȥ¥ϡ

û뵽ôԩ·խ
ҪŽȥʱ򣬾洫Ů˵ܷ˵ǸǲǹԼѸְģ湻Ҫġ

Ȼİ
ѧʱܷ߾;ۼһѣشСŵˡ
û뵽ⶼҵô꣬ȻٴμЩˡ

ܷڲۣ۱ˣ̲סĸϺӣЦ˵ѣ÷֮װġ׷ʱء

ʱ䱣ǲһֱᵽǸˣСܷ࣬ʷһ

ܷ԰ҲߵˡΪԼʲô͸øʱҲ֪ΪΪ

治ǹҪ͵ġ
ǾúЦ
룬ǲǻøܷлڱЦʱܷȻԼֵ

ȷʵøƽϣڽȥͷҲûʲô˼

¥
¥ϴּͿܷСҲߣǰ棬˿ûע⵽ѡ

С죬Цø⿪ģ취ðҸоŬŬǸӲ㡣
ܷһ£ĻôĻֲǸ

𣿡ͻȻһ
˾һתͷʱŻžױݵɫסѡ

ܷѹűŭѣ˰ɣȻ͵飬㲻һڼԼġ
ҿɴû˵ԼҲżҿñӡ

ѹףֱǰֱǲΪϴν飬ʲô֪

ܷɫһס
ӲģҸ˵ʲô

Ǻãղڲᵽ˰ɣѸû˫ֱ׵ĺĶܷĮҵ¶㲻ˣУҶνΪҲʲôƵˣһ㻹ġ

΢£Σյ˵ǣ֪ؼʲôνĽǮȨƣԸʱʲôĻһѡ

˵仰ܷûȻɫŹ֡
ܷѣȷģ䲻ЦѰѣ㻹ôƤ׷˼ôãȻݶ֪

һס

ܷ̼˵ȻΪһȨƴѹʱ䱣㻹ΪʱֻǸͨĴѧڰɣ
Σѳ׳Ĭ

ԽǳĬܷԽǵ⣬Ҫǹ˼Χĳ޲ôЦ

˿ΧԽԽˣΧǣܷûöԽ⣬˵ĵĿ̫ˣôܶԸءȻĲ֪Ҳ㡣Ͼˣȷʵǲ̫֪Ȧ顣

ͷһΣܷϣõһֺʹ졣

ʱ䱣ʢǼŵĴү

ʢǼţ
ѳסܷڵ˵Ӧ֪ʢǼŰɣеͷҵֵǧڵмŹ˾Ȼʱûв빫˾飬ǲ˭۸Ҳֲͷ

治ҳͷ¶Ҳֲ˵ɡ
ܷ׼һ׻ʱԱߴһ

Ťͷȥͼһͨ׳ͺɫˣ˹еע£ߵѵࡣ

̧ŽߵˣŽӢ
΢ı飬·ûȫ۵ס

ڣҲףеĵԺδ

ѾԼҪ侲ҪȻҲ֪ԼԸʱ˵ʲô˵ҲЦһζûԼ˵ͨҾ
ΪǰˣȻҪΪŶͶʡ

ʱ䱸磬ܷʧһ䡣

Ǹʱ䱵һ˿ⶼûרעĿǰĹ
˫ĺڲֻ䵭
Ƕ˿üᡣ

תҪȥȴһסֱʵڷǰ˵Ļ𣿡

һ仰ڳˡ
ͬҲѡ

ѲԵĿ
ʱӵ˵պغúôҡ

ѣ
֣ʱȻ
ʶ֣ţ˽Լƴģ˫һһ٣䵽ˡ




39.   39    㲻Ǿϲ

ʮ

ʱסѵ, ¸ףָϸĵϲ, Ҳҹ
ϵ, жء

С㣬һ㣬ҲʲôʢǼŵĴү, ҸʢǼϵүүҹ˾ĴʼˡұˣûһʢǵĹɷ, ڶʢйκιסʢʲôĳɾ, ޹ءҵְҵǴѧŽ, Ѷһһ

ʱΧѾΧ, վڻԶĵط۾ûߣҲء

ܷҲʲô֮, ع֮, ΰ󳡺ϡ
һӰ˵̬

ĸߵò˶ʶ
, Ҳ˸Ĺע

ܷѾȫҰһ, ɵۣѹ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǸŮ, һԡ
޲Լȫڡ

, ҡܷƽʱＫԴǣ˿Ҳ˵κλ

ԭΪܷһ׳Ĭѣɫû˳ء
ܷ˿ľ, ѿһͬ顣

ǸغϷڵһغϣڲ֪ʱ䱵ʵҾ
ڴʱʱΪһ˳ӡ

Ŀ΢תˣʵһֱ䣬Ｋнˣ׷ԼŮܾʮָɴ࣬ҲöԷѿ
ѵһΣĶԴһˡ

С㣬´Ļ㲻Ҫ˵ڡ
ʱ΢΢ףǿ

һ˵꣬תͷѣʵ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ѿΧˣһϷı飬Ȼɱ˿Ц˵ãǻȥɡ

ɿ֣ղԼû뵽ôʹģֵݹȥ

ɿȴԸɡ
ѵƣá

ѸŸʱߵƵ棬һĻѲϴνһĻҲǣ֣߳˾Ƶꡣ
ⲻЦ
ȻʷǾ˵ơ

ôˣʱתͷʵ

ѵҲû桮ҾͲ˵СŮ̬ͬȻʾᣬһĻ񡣡
ͬǣϴҲܷ

´ˣҪ͡ʱ䱵ͷ
ѺЦ£˵ǻ͵ˣ

ʵѴ֣űԼԸ

Σûüȥʱ䱾Ѿȵ˻ȥ

ǸΪҵ⡭ʱ룬ǿ˵
ѵȻЩεڣҵǸĴǲ̫ˣ

ʱһǣһֲڶҹէ磬צĽĺڷ΢΢ң¶ͷվںҹԵøס
·ѩɽϵİѩֽ档

ֻһ룬Ŀϣ˵ҪǸʱѵõǸ𣿡

ѱЦˡ
ǸĻͦקġ

ܿ죬һ£ͷŸʱ䱣ʵô֪Ǿ仰
µķԷ˵Ļ

Ϊ磬ֻ񣬲֪ܡ
û뵽ʱȴѾ֪

ҲǹҪ͵ģҾվڷ棬һţʱʵ˵
һۣԣʵ֪׷㣿

ѹĿʱûоȣһʱ佫˳ȥ
Ƿܾףһ˿ص硣

ʱֱ׵ʵѣղ˵Ļأ
㻹Ҫ

żߴ٣ĵȴĻش

Ϊ˲μӽ磬ص˳һ޷ںɫǸƽ̫һƯ죬ĵƤԽ׵
رǽ촩£ǲ̫һĴ󵨣΢¶޳Ưǵģ
¸ʱһ䣬ʱҲģòҡҷ

Ѵ˿̳һۣ䵭ҿǿǡ

*

ѵĹ󣬸ʱ˿һƢûС
ʮ̹Ȼľͽ

ҲΪܷ˵Ǽ£ϾΪܷǰǳڵϾܷ̫ŽǮȨѹˡ
ŸŶͷӽʱ䱡
¶Ѳûɹ

˾ô˫ܸ꣬ɵ飬ܷҪȥͻ᲻ˬ

ǷִļõˣԲǿȸʱȥܡ
֣ʦѾ˺ͬǷˡ
ǳĿġ

֮󣬸ʱѻؼң˼ſڣ侲ƳһʻϵˣҪ׷˵̬
û׷˻ôţô䵭׷˭
ͻȻʶ˼Ҳû˵Ҫ׷

Ͼղ˵꿼ǿǣͲ֨ˡ
Ǻǡ

ѶٺãסЩˣ⿪ϵİȫ־Ҫȥţ˭ֱֻ֪ۣͱסˡ
ѻͷôˣ
ر侲

ʱ䱣㡣
ʲôû̫˼
ʱκʱ򣬶ӣ˵ղŲ˵Ҫǿ˵ĻǲֵҸᣬ׷㡣

ѵһ¡
⻰˵̫Ȼˣĵӡ
һʼѾͶ䵭Ĳˡ

аɣȻؼˡҴһ仰³

СԺţ̤ȥ֮󣬻ͷһۣŷĤܸоеĿ⣬ֱĶԼ

ص̲סֻû뵽ˢˢţȻˢһŮԼӡ
ΪзһδŮȥϵ»Լᣬҳ²һ顣
µҲ۲ݡ

ϵ»Լᣬѧûôˡһɣ¸á
ǣʮԼŮѣȥϵ»
ʵϵ»ðɣµЩеģһԼʹŮؼңҪϴ˼Ҫ̫ԡԸ֮ΪʯС

û뵽۵»ظȻġ
öͬŮ²ԼһԼᱻؼңư͵ĽǣȻ͸ֱأҪһԷＱͷ

ѿ˿͹صӡ
͸ʱǸ䵭ôܶˡ

*

ڶϡ
ѸͿһֻ

층ʱҲû˵ʲôʱԼ˵ӡ

Ƶĳͣյ˸ʱϢ
ʱ䱣ڹ㣬𣿡
ѣš

СʱſڿվڳԱߵˣ촩һ׳ͺɫ㣬׺񣬵ϸһϸڴֺܲһ
׳ĿӣǺɫӣڴŦۡ
ɫĿҪ΢խ㣬Եֳϸ

߹ȥʱţȥ
ȸʱҲ˳ͻȻʵкܶ׳

֮ǰûж٣ʱһӣһ߻ش⡣
һ
ʶʣЩģ
šʱ䱵Ӧ£ɻʱڵ˼˵㲻Ǿϲ

ѣ
ʲôʱ˵ϲ

תͷһʵʱѾӿڡ

µһμʱҲǴŲ·
ѳ׷ˡ
Ϊ¶һ飬ϲʱ˾ƶϳϲô
ôһ룬Ҳûʲô

ֻѹ˵ûʵҾǵϲ

⻰˵꣬Ϳʱ䱼Ц£ͦȻ˵ͳпգ࿴һ

ѷ֣е治ˡ
Ҫʱʵ̫ˡ

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Ҽҡ

˲䣬Ťͷһ𾪡
ǣ᲻̫Ѹ˵㡣
Ҫҳˣ

ø·ڵĺ̵ƣͣʱתͷؿЦ£ͦɢ˵뵽Ķˣ˵ȥסĵط

΢ۣһԼᣬʹŮȥ
Ŷ
ʯˡ




40.   40    磬ҡ

ʮ

ٽѧʱ, Ƚ˸һҳС
ҳоֳ̳ͨʱϲĻԱУӿͣ
ѻһͷˮ

Ǹʱ˵ƽʱ, СѧУ, ҼҲܽ
źסĵطܽ
ţѧУԱߵǸСǸСѧУĸ, Ҹսѧʱøϣˡ

ѣ
⻰˵̫ƽ, ŪѶ֪ôش
, ȷʵ̫һĴѧڡ

˼, ȥ֮, һʢǼš
µһţʢǿƼܲøϯڱٰAIƼɹչ, ڴϷݽ
һֱ֪ʱиܵ, Ҳһμļˡ

ʢǼţϷһ, ֪˾ж

֮ǰѲ֪, Ҳ֪ʢǼǸʲôĴڡ
Ȼݱ, ȴδֳһ˿˿ư

ʵѳĲ֮, £ûô֪ܷʱ˵ĻΪ˴ˡ
ܷĻҲѹ˸ʱ䱵̬ȡ
ΪܷĻǨŭʱ, ԵԼ̫ƽϡ

ִּ̫࣬ķ飬ϡ
ȻǨŭĵ׵׻ǲ

;ãʱ䱶ʼ
ֱųĸоġ

һ¥˳С
˲٣ǿҪѧԭ򣬱ѧѧ½УùƷ

˱Ķǽ㣬Ҳʱʱ˽ϡ

ϲʲôʳֳеĲִ¶һ
ſǰĵطǼҾƷֱԹû䣬ʳĵط

ѿһĿĻܣɫİװˡ
һôʳЩûʲôȤ

أʱ䱴ŮܱģûЩɿƬʳƷһҸɡ
ͷ԰

ڡ
ѳһԿۣ

ʱϸѡϵĸָɹӦţ
Ůһֱڶ㡣

⻰ʱҲû˿תͷļ󣬷涢ǰĸɹʵâɣ𣿡
Ͳ濴ˣһŮء

Σʱ䱽иɹƳתͷȻ˵Ưվŵ𣿡
ѣ

ֳײ֪˵ʲôĸоĵԭĲʹ죬Ҳ仰ɻ⣬ǲԾṴ
ѵͷװڿѡʳ

ʱһ仰õĳװ

֮ٹĵطҲû˵ʲôֱˮĵطͦɣղһֱŸʱ䱵Ů
ʱҲˡ

һţһڣá
ʱ䱵ͷǺá

ԭѧѹ֮ǰһֱǿء

ѰվߣͼиŮĪ󵨵ʵڣǸŮһ䳬ء
ôʣֻߵѶû뵽
ǸѺԵĵ˵ļ

ҲǾãôĴ̽˼ҵ˽ʵǲ̫á

ʱ䱵ĸѧҲ֪֪λԸ䵭˭ģҲŮɫڱѧô꣬ʹûĸŮйϵ

ŮʵղʳǱߣϳѡ

ϾѧУ̳ϵǸHOTӣ񻹹ڵһҳء
治ˣѵΪ֮Աǡ

ִŮ׷е飬ʵ٣ÿһŮ׷ʱеŸѹ
ܶ˿е
ֻ̰ΪΪܱ΢ͬҲۣǶŮ

οĴˣ˶ãӦֵĵȴĽ£

ӣڱѧˣǱӪתص˹ƽ̨
ʱӵȶȾͼߡ
һжۡ

ѵ֣Ҳ𽥱֪ȷʵͦ¸ҵģܷŮ׷ˣҲǰ˵ͣڮ

ǣʱ䱵ȻشŮû뵽شԼ
ǸʻŮԵ졣
Ȼͦشġ

һ룬ʱ˵˵ʱǣʲôʱǣҲҪߵλ

Ůɵۡ
ʲô˼

ʱ΢Ʋͷ濴ѣ׷ʲôʱΪŮѣͷ

Ů뿪ʱ򣬶һ±Ƶģ
⡭
⻹ǱѧǸԸĸ
ղǵŮѧ棬𣿣

˸£

ŮԭԸʱ䱺кøУǴСŮݵĸоĵĪֱ㵽ĸо
У˵ǸŮ׷

ʼǸʵŮͳֻ
Աߵʣ㻹Ҫﰡ
ȥ̳ظЩ˿ɶƾղ²⣬õһֱϣ׿ڳϵġ˵ģŮĺƯ̳ЩĻ̫ˡ

ѵͷҲǣҸղŶ˺þãƤİ׵Ŀš

ѣۿŸʱ䱵ȻתƳǰߡ
˼룬׷ȥתͷʵղŸǰô˵

ʵʵ˵Ҳ𣿡ʱƽ΢΢𣺡ȷʵ׷㡣
ѣҲǲС

ҲɬСŮֻǸʱͻıףղû˵ó

֮ǰ׷ʱ䱵ʱٴ󵨵飬ν
ԴӸʱ䱿ʼû֮ʱʱ⧲ľٶҵͷתġ

һ治ĸо

֮ʱ䱾ϸѡһŹǣ˵ҼǵͦϲǴŹǵģ
գգۣҲ֪
۲Ļѷ֡

˳ʵ۲ң
š

ҲϰԵ˾䣬ʵû뵽ʱ䱻شŤͷ΢ۣ̲סʵǴʲôʱʼģ

Ը۲һˣںĿʼ
ΪںŻҪȥ۲һС

ʲôʱʼϰԵĽĿϡ

ʵʱ£ȻҲҲһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
һʼϰԼͻȻͳôһˣһеǿƳ֣ĮԶԣҲȻһЦ顣

Լ޻ʼʱһԿ湤
ģƽʱȻȻͬ
רע棬·ǰֻǷŻ

ģøʱ̲סѧŵ飬רעȰ޷оΨԼ
һ硣
ʱһֵܵһǽνĵߣǰ񲻿һ

ͬԼһȥŶӣʱ䱾ͷԼĲԾ
ܾʱĵӦ֡

Σô磬־ˡ

ĸԸĸо

ʱ䱴ѲʾĻӣʵҪʱ룿
ţȷʵҪʱ䱿˵ҵ룬ʲôʱݵġ

һ
վԭأֱôͻȻƵá
ĸоദӣһ鲼ȫ

ˣٸҡ
ֹһǰߡ

ȴһͻظûô
Ϊʲô

ʱʱ䱸ߵ࣬΢ͷͳЩЦ⣺ϲ˵ġ

*

һֱϳѶϲŪеԺ
ͬһڸһϾƣ񾭶仰˹ȥֱӿСſڣ΢ع

СǸɲµСںܶС˳
Сĳӣǿشÿſǰ涼ͣλʱһСپͿļ

ȻûһܿСг߲̤峵ء
ľս

Ѳùüңùøø͵иͥǰһ״͵ķӣСȫܿƣ˳ġ
֪Сߵ˶ٱ

˵ղԼֻ̳ͨеȶѣϾܶ˶Ǯ˵Ŀ̰ӡǣֻ׵ĽڳС
ֿڸߵ̳ĳУһˮҪϰٿĵط
ǵǮ

ôڣʱסĵط͸𾪡
ڲ֪ݱ֮ǰСһΪʱ䱳ͨͥ

һֱ棬һԪ¥ǰͣ¡
ſڣÿλд˳ƺš

˳֮󣬸ʱ䱽Ķ˳
һ¥סʮ¥
Ҽ1701ңʱ˳ִˣָ

Ŵ򿪺󣬵һĿأͬΪģ˼װ޲ͬصӺͼҾ߶ůԭľɫ
ظɸɾģſûһ˫Ьӡ
ִ򿪹Ӻ󣬴óһ˫ЬǸɾİɫ

ʱģʱ䱽ЬǰǿɰСЬЬֻö֧

֣ԭãҪؼҡ
ѵЬӣЬ

ʱ䱽ൽӱһƿˮصøʱʵҪҴιһ·𣿡
ѵ˵ͷ
ʵʱ䱵ķҲһٶʮƽһĻ͡

ֻһסԱһͷһ䱻鷿
鷿Ҳֶصܣ˸鼮һۿȥǺܶص鼮
мòǹż顣

ߵһ䣬ʱŰѣ˵ҲҪι𣿡
Ѿ˿Ժ鷿ʣµȻԡ
˵Ҳι۵ģ΢̧̧°͡

ʱ䱵һЦƿţҲůԭľ磬ɫĴףһȾ޴Ĵ类ȿֺĴϡ
ûȥԣѾĪãĴӦú

һ˲ĸоͷӿ֡

ԭһֱıԵǻţڣվļͬվһֽĸо

ͬѵļҲĵůڡ
ƯˣֻҪصǸСԺ;ʲôˡ

ȥѾʮһˡʱ˵

Ѹһ鵽˳ɸɾģʵƽʱڼ
٣󲿷ֶǳʳáʱʵ
ҲûʲôڵģѶڳء

ҴѧڣǳʳñȽϷ㡣

ѼóղʳģߵˮԣҪҰæ𣿡
ʱ䱣ãԱ߼ලҾͺˡ

ʲôʱѧˣѿģӦòǵһ
ʱ£һʼϴѧʱ򣬺ұɳһ꣬ϰ߹ʳҲ˵

Ҳ֣ں񻰶˵㡣
֮ǰĮԡ

һģܵҲŬ磬Ľ롣

Ĳһ£ʵѧͰס𣿡
ʱҲû뵽ôϸ

ЦţһʼסѧУеϰߡͰ˳þ͵Լ
Ŷ¡
ĵرζĸо

ΪٶȰٿƹܸܵϢͦȫġ
ǵ˵ǴѧҵɹʢǼš

һڹУҵһȴǿѧУĹɻᡣ
Ѳ֪Ϊʲô״ļͥͼӳ׾ٰɣ¾ѧϰãҪֶУҲǾǮ顣

ǶӣΪʲôôء

ֻѲ˽ʵҲû취óȻʳڡ

ʱȷʵǻˣһرǸǴŹǣɫĿȶм֣رһ֥ɫζȫ࣬ʱѲ̫ĶӣҲ̲ס

ȷʵǺܸӣһ뷹꣬еδ

ʱƺ۵׵ֱ룬ָʢ˵㡣
˳ָʢһӦͦʵġ

һǹģͻȻֱ
ʱ˳ʣʲô
ôóԣұֱ󣬡ѰζĶ׷˵ֶʵЩѰ·

ȷʵǴԼؼˣʲôҲû
ˡ
Ѳָιˣֱˣ׷Ѷȣ

ʱָһŹǣᣬе̫ˣ㳤ֵ㣬Ҳ󡣡
Ц˵ѧ
ְֱֵʱӦ˵Զ٣֡ŮĻ

һǧ򣬺Զ֣ѾŻԥѡһǧ

ƫƫʱֻЦţָһŹǡ

˳֮󣬸ʱ䱽ʰȳʰã˳ڿ￴һ֮ǰڲ輸ϵ顣
һѧ߳顣
΢ͷɫרע档

ѡڹԣͻȻ鲻Խĺһ

̧ͷٰĳ΢΢ڶϣƫ׵ٶǡôֻ˫ƺԶֱףֱķ·ܿ˵ĵס

ʱ䱻߹ߵŵɳԡ
ͷ˵ǲ֪ҽΪʲôҪҼң

ȷʵǺ棬û˵ֻͷš

ʱƺҲϵķӦǸ˲һĴ䲻żɬżҲջ𣬵ؼʱĿ¡
ҲڵȴĽ͡

ʱ£еͣʵҲûʲôˣҾ㡣Ҳܷ˵ʲôʢǼŵĴүƽ㿴һͨĳУסԼ׬ǮѧУⷿӻжʮĴƽ󲿷ʱ䣬ڳʳãҪʱ򣬿һ¶ûؼҡ

ʵҵҵʱⷿĲӡҴɨ֮󣬸޷˸Ϣֻ˵÷֮ˡҵʱһʱ嶯˹ȥ

һףΪʲôǡôĳ

ǵǸҸ˵ǸСŮɣѡ
ѵȻǵá

ʱԳЦ£һֱҪҵһʼҷֺûˡǺҲŷ֣ҵĸĸĨ˸صһСҸ˵һΪ˾ңʲô⡣ҸĸΪԽ֤ʵҵĲ²⡣ǵΪ˶ԿǵΪԶж˼Ĺϵ

㿴ʱҲǴһʼͳأҲɡ桢µһ档

ͻȻ֣Խ˽ˣԽϲĲˡ
£Ҳôɡ棬ȴãĴڡ

ʱ䱣Ҳϰʵѡ񿼹ſʼҵ͸ʢǼûʲôϵ
ǿˣҲǿѡʲôƶ
ҪԼԼԼϲһС

˵ܸҵһУ¸ҵΡ
Եѡ񿼹ŵʱ򣬾˵ٻͷ
ôȥҲ˵ˡ

ʱ˵ҲڿʲôΪѾʵҡ

ѴʱףһеĿġ
ۿסߵ·һֱ̫ˡ
ô˻᲻⣬ΪʲôҪԻ貵Ըעûôҫ۵·

һ̣ǻ׿ԼģԼĹȥһһ̯ЩΪ֪ĹȥԼѡ

ҵĹ
㿴Ȼˣ磬ҡ




41.   41    ֻϲˣš

ʮһ

ʱ䱵Ļ, ĵ׼ζۡܣ󻯳һ仰
ʱ, Һ뱧㡣
ֱ, 󵨶ϵ˵

Ȼ
ʱеĻЦ֣Ȼѻ顣

, ڻ˫ֻȻ, ʵеĸо
ĩʱ, ˶ű, ˴˵ľ, ܡ

ʱ䱣Ӧ֪ҵҵճ޻ʱ, һȺ˿Ҳʹ, ҵ޸ʦܻ޸ʦͷһûңҾͦǮġ

Ѵӱܻһ, ʦһ˳żһ, ٸ÷֮ߵô
ء
ǲ֪ܶ޸ʦ, ޵ǽġ

޸ﲻȱְҵ, Ҫסصסġ

ôǮңȴˡӵһУȴΪԼ, Ը˶ԸԼ̸ûԸ⣬ΪһС
°͵ļϣᶨ

ΪˣѲףӵˣжɹ

ϲǮǴҲӦñ͵飬ʱָ˸ĳѣֵøõֻԻ͵δ
ͻȻʣʱ䱣һ𣿡

ʱɴĳϣӰ˳˿͵Ӧš
㵽õʲôˮѻ£úš
ʱ䱣

ܰദʱ̣ȴѴŵǹϤľ㣬嵭ζȴָš
һֱζ̫ʺϸʱ佾ʣ·Ϊζ
ɷ羰Ļøʱ䱲ʧһЦ

˵֪
ҲӦСֹĺܸɾζ

Ҫȥϴּ俴ʱ顣
һղȥķ䣬ѾִоҪȥϴּ䣬룬Ҳʵ̫˽ˡ

Ȼ´ΰɡ
һק׵ģøʱЦ

ɿʣأ

ڻãҸĸѡ񿼹ţһʱϲܣѾͼ˵ˡпյʱҲؼǡڸĵǡ
ʱ䱹£һۡ
ζ

֪⣬ȴϹʵʲô

ʱ䱵͵һЦȻŮѡ

µ˲䣬ٴα뻳УĶ䣬ЦЦʲôʱҸŮѡ

*

磬ڸʱ䱼ʲôҲûһһ鿴飬ʱѯҪҪӰ

˵ʵûʱһ𿴵Ӱ
ڸʱ䱼иͶӰǣʼһ
˰ɳϣһĵӰӰּµģûǸ񾭣Ŀꡣ

ûʲô̫ĸд
ֻԱߵҲûѲɺתͷ˿̻ѾĻ׶Σ谵ĹĵϣճյӢͦüԼͦı

һֱ䵭ֽһĪĴ
ر۾ƽʱҪ
Ⱦˮ

״룬һ䣬ˡ

ǿаοңʱ䱵˾䡣
ЩΣǿеȷʵúܸˡ

ʵ£ȷʵӦͦйһ˷Լ˰֢һ׵ĶӡӵĸѾ飬ʧȥϵ֮£ֻܳԼԸѰܹļҾ

״Ŷӣһһͥ档
ÿͥŻٵ⣬λֲġ
ԼĶӣһλŮʿΪֻڸԼĶ˵ʱ

ȷʵһµĹ£ʱ䱶ж
۾Դˮ⡣

ƫƫѺ޸о
ɳϣЦ£ðɣҲװˣȷʵܸˣҺȱٹ

⻰˵ĺ̹Ȼȴ̹Ȼøʱͷһ

ѶŶͶӰĻ˵ϴѧʱѡ޿ѡΣʱʦڿ˵˸һǣûй˵ģһȻɹԼǷ˸񡣡

̫һŮеʱ˭иʱ
ҳʱʦǿһ¾ǣһҪúӵϾ͵ĺӣǴеʱ

һʧϲûԼܿһ

ȴ䵭ĲһͨŮʱѾڹùüû褲ĹһΡԽϸУ˵һ仰㵱ϸеʱûҲĹһΡ

һʼΪԼΪľڹùüңûаȫС
Ͼʱְֺүүȥˣֻйùÿ
ҹùûûκѪԵϵĹùãҪ褲Ҳ˿Թ޲ˣϾ褶ûи

ΪԼ£ù鷳Ż

֣˺¸вߣҲ·ƽҲûı١
ڣһֱû̸

һǵүүȥʱϼɥ£֪ũɥкܶأҪҪӵơҹùÿ޵ļʣҹøڳгģЩѹүүɥһֲٰġ

̴ˣ˵õɥӣָүү졣
ðɥҪõĶÿһݻ񣬾ֵ˶˵򵥣ôСͣôܸɣһС

ΪԼֻҪĹãùùÿԼĹɺŬ

˭֪үү죬˵뿪ֻʣ͹ùһʱչźԽ극ȥĹø͹ùóԷ

ߵſڣͼŰţүү񱻰ķϡ

ùñŷſڣүүĶ档
һ㶼ûޡ˵

øĺ󱳣ȰˣҶڿܸɣ޳Ҫչ㣬ɥ¶һСǰܺ󡣡
ԭ˵

һҪ뿪
ٴοʱĽŲס
Ұֶôã㿴һᶼûΪҰֵ˵ǲӲſǻƺʹ಻ѣ˵˵ǿŴġȻ֪ĸ˭ĸôСһСӤӵɼǾһѪ

֮⣬Ѽ̳ѪͬҲġ

褣˵˵Ĺˡ
褲˵ֻʹޡ

һȴûйֹùãùùʸô˵ġְȥ֮үүһ¾Ϳˣ˶˵үүΪû֧ţԭΪҪչһĶӣǿŲҵ¡

ǸҪչ˵Ķûˣһµˡ

ڹùõһеԴͷ



İķ˵һеʱ䵭ķ·˵˵顣ԴСľʱ̻¶Լ֮ĵ׵ǰҲӲˡ
ҲǰһС

Ը˵Ϊĵһӣ׼ײĻ

ѡʱ̲ס֡
һǵģ谮ģ·ǸվſڵСŮ

ʱһϣиܰοɡ
ֻҪһУΪǸõˣǱ˵ۣȴΪӲı֡

ŤͷʱͶӰĻϵĻ棬Ѿͣ
߲ٱ仯ǳǳĹǵϣ˴˶ܿԷ

䵭ģЦ£Ҹոʶģ˵ҵϺܺģһֱ˵ҿ϶ˡ

ȷʵʺŮӵǽз

˲̲ס²ۣɴĽɡ
ʯĳǸ

ʱ䱣ʵˣԶΪ˿ǡ

ʱҲ̲סֽڻС
˵ʶѣûйֻеȶѣˣŭ˵Ҳͬˡ

ʱ䱣ʵ㶼֪жҪ
ѹļ

˵ʱ䱣Ϊĳ֣Ҳ֪ԭҲϲһ˵

޷飬޷һˡ
ֻϲˣųְ




42.   42    ׷

ʮ

ʱѵҵʱ, ѾϾŵֳ࣬ȥһǸʱ֮ǰȥһҵꡣ
ͣСԺſ, Ҫ³
ʱͻȻץס, и飬˵

šЩѲӦ
ʱ䱿, ˵õĸѾץˣһʼԼϹɽǸ֤, ֵΧļءõ֤ݡĿǰ, ڰ

Դӻ, Ѿûٹ顣
û뵽ʱһֱڸ

ǰ, ʱڲٳˣʱԾŻҲ˺, 㲻ٵˡ

ѹɵͷ
ʵͲ, ҪϪʱ޲ߡ
ʮҶ˺

˵, Ѽʱ䱲ûɿ, ʵǻʲô¶𣿡

оǹõ顣
֣ôˣ

ʱ˵ҵ黳Ͱõ½һһ, ͬȵĶԴ

һΪǸ, ǨŭôһСӡԭܹͥѡģΨһģּͥĸӰ죬Ķ顣
˵, ῴδ޵ķ⡣

Ӧþʹ˱ͣ

û£ֻҪǮͺãҸĻҲˣҲΪʲôҪĻرһͬˡ
ΪŮ磬òԵ

ʱ̲סĳԴϰ˱˴˵ǶѾͷϲĳ

ߵ͵һЦڻ˭˵ء
ѣ

ð͸¶ʱ䱣ڿ˵ļ

ѻȥʱǶԼ䣬¥ȥϴּϴôöɴ˸Ƶ绰

ҵѣأӵġ
ͷϴŷϻĤȻҲǸϴ裬ڒԼ

ѣջؼҡ
ȥˣֻ֧ϣֽϵĤģֻĵһ£͵ͣסͷʵòȥԼᣬôŻؼҰɣ


һ̾Ļù׼

ʵǣǣʲôһұҪõһֵϢ㶼֪ж죬رƬҲѷֵ֮CPֱҩǵá

ͼпCP˵־ĿŮϡ
֣䡣

ȱ𼤶Ѽ񵽣ЩҪԼĶĤ̲סѡ
˳˳ؿڣ˵УҲҲߣ˵ҽһҹʱ˵

ѵȻʵҲûʲô˵Ҫ׷ҡ

һ
ѣ׷ôã׷֣
֣֣ô°ȫûע⵽ԼһĿ߻Ȼȫ˸

ѲϷ˵һ顣

ر˵ܷѹǰ˵ڸʱݵ飬յĴϵܷŮ˹ˣôĶĶӸпʼ͸㶷ôɣƵá

֣ԷôͶôء

Ҳǣܷ˵ҲǲС֮Ůְ˵ҲмʮڣĶǸˡ
ʹûֵá
رǸǻָܷʹѵˮ˷۱ʻңѵȫˮˮȥ

ȣʱֱͣӹ˽ȥ

ѸΨһһαҳؼҪѵģ˺ĺᣬͱ˵ؼңһЦѧ԰˵˵ҴУ棿

ͬѧˮܷ˵û˷ŷ۱ʻңôȵľǸɾˮҾˮھѧɡҪˮз۱ʻңôܷ˵Ļѡ

óˮȻ˵ˮҵڶûأҪҸ飬ˮʲôһ

¶Ͳܷ֮ӣĶߡ

뵽Ҫ飬ͻȻ̧֣ȵһ£һ飬Ҳ˵ΪܷҪ㸵ڣ;ܷ˵ѹͲݣ˵㲻Ȧˡ

˵ϿҵʵԣǸڵǸʲôݣ

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Ȼ̨֪ĽǸʢǿƼرţ̨Ǹ̸ĿһֱԼǸܲء˵Ǹܲر˧ųǹ˧ܲáϴ̨һΣ˼ǸԴ⻷ȷʵ˧ָ߹󵽲ҽӽġ

ʢǼǸʱүүĹ˾

顣
洫һ죬ֻĽڰ
Ƶͨûйҵ

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ȵȵȣһ£ָɿĻϴ֡
˵ˣ

һУӶ洫һϣǳ׻мˡ
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šӦ

СȴԲʵҵѣҪ𣿡
ǵûУ˵ˣʢǼȫûϵǱѧϵһڣȻ

˵˼ҸڿÿԸ⵱ˡǮȻѡְҵΧ͹ˣڱ˻Ϊ±Ŭʱ򣬸ڿѡ飬á

ĻͷһͻȻٴΪʲôʱ䱣ڲԼݱ顣

Ǿڵ֪ݺ󣬻ʶ뵽İɡ
ΪǮŻɵѡԼȨ

ȴȫȻ֪ʱѡ񿼹֮ԶܵһУѡΪͨˣլ
ֻΪȰſţΪ£ŵһǲ

Ϊ˿ԶԼһУԺҪ˵ֻѵȻ˵
֪⣬ȴ̲ס⡣

ڹһֱ֪Ƣô࣬Ǹѣ治֪ԲҲú
Ҳ飬ֻͻȻһЩ顣

ԭʱ䱽ĽͣѾѳԭ

ⷬ˸ʱ䱡

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ϵҲõĲ࣬˼żȷԼȷʵûʲô⡣֮ǰ÷֮ǸŻ޸Ҳճ̡

ֵֻ̫ߣõϣȻѹ׵Ʒ
÷֮˴Ҳû취ֱӾ޸

˵ʵ˾ڲҲ۲
Ͼϵ޸ʦҲֹһˣֻҪ޸϶ֻһ޸ʦ档

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һ㣬쿴ڵڸװɡ

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ͼصӦڿϣֻʱŤͷͶӰĻɫ䵭ϲŭΧ̫ӡ

ԭǽϣڸʱ䱿ϵ顣

ңͶӰĻ׼ԼѧõPPT˭֪Ҳ֪ĸѧ˽ĵԣϸѧڶԷһΰɡ
ξȻٴԶϡ

Ҳʲô£ξڣѧԼֻͶͶӰĻϡ

ҶĿڿҳ
ĿǰУȵǹڸʱѹϵ

ҲǿƱѧУ̳ϵ֮һΪӴʱ䱺ǸŮʲôϵʼۣڵ׷ʱ䱡

Ҳ֪˭ϣ˵ڳڣõڵ׿ڳϣ׷˼Ů
󲿷˿϶ţϾǳ̻̫
Ǹ̻ɵġXôǱΪ׷󸵽ڷŵġ

ְӳҳſѧսԽԽࡣ
ⲻŸʱ䱵ĿΣҲк߲ӡ

ʱתͷӣɫȻתͷڶѧ
΢ͷǰĽ̰

Ǹ¶ѧϽصԼͶſϣ޲ط

ѧΪڲʱý̰ĸʱ䱣ٴ̧ͷŽң䵭ллҶ˽˸Ĺע


ѻȸ

Һºӣһγ塣

ѸĻŽ̨վŵˣ˵⻰
ֱһ١

ͷٴ·𱻷Ŵߣֱͬžͷ㣬˿̵Ҳ֣ڿԼĴ

һ̣ʱ䱵ĻĶϡ

׷鷳ҲҪᡣ




43.   43    ˣѡ

ʮ

ѧĸ֮, ׿ڿϳϣ׷ˡ
ǸųƱѧ̳ӣ˲ͱը, ̫µͬѧ, ̲סעһ¡

ֻ˵ԣԡ
ֶУѧΧŨ, ҲлİԵˡ

̳ȻʱͻȻӵУ֪ͨΪͶ, 漰˽, Ӽ̻ɾ
ô, ˵Ĺע, ʧ

Ϊ¶Խصش绰ѣ㣬Ҿøʵͦɶġ

ʲôʵڸûӦ, getҪ˵ʲô
Խ˵ر𸹺ڡ
ѣţ

Խʵɾ, Ͼǽڣ۵Ķǹ˽¡ֻҪ, ѧУ϶æɾ

, ȷʵ
ƫƫҪȵԼ׿˵⻰֮, ѧУɾ, ⲻΪ㣬ԽͻȻãԽδԽ⡣

׺Խ˼, ʱкܶȥɾӡ
ǵɾֹԡ

ﱻһֻ׷ܵĻŮԽȥһͨԽ
˵Ȼţҵ

ѴûԼ׷ʱǼ˵顣
Ů׷ںܶŮ

ʱ˵ûпǸѵıͺͿᣬʵڿڳŻŮ˵Ļ
ǸŮӱϺҲЦٴ³

Ȼ˵ģţǲ³

ʱһ̹Ȼϲʱ򣬹Ͼܾһ˿Է
ҲںĿˣ֮ǰѧУ̳кܶӣѧϿʱ򣬰ƬҴϡ
ûûܹҲѹ˵Ŀ

ǹ˭׷˭ϣȴӶ֤ʵ޷ǾΪ˱


ѿϣ˵ţôΪҡ

Խʵ㣬ڵʲô
һʼ׷ĸڣôڣֱɸ׷ˡ
˹תء

ĸ˵׷ңڿǣѵһЦȻ˵Ҫӣͳһڷ硣

Խ
棬ǻ档

Ȼ֪£ҲûһʱȥҸʱ䱡
ʱ򣬸ʱ䱷΢ŹԴݻ֮췢΢ŵǸ˱˸ʱ䱡

ڵ΢ŷһļԼ緹𣿡
ѣûٵݻ
ʱ䱣пΣܼ𣿡

ӣʱ˼ĴƵ󲿷ʱǸʱ䱴ȥԶѶ֪ԭôóԵĲ
ҪǣЩطʱ䱾Ȼ֪

ѣҪȥԷˣҶˡ
ʵֲôֵʣһߵĸ߸ӣ걣һٽңʱ޻޵ĺݣһٽﶼ

˭֪ѪȥأԼȻĳ

ʱ䱣Զ
ʱ䱣˶ɣ
Ҫһ䣬Ȼеʱ򣬶ˢһ

ʱ䱣ϴֵģġ
ѺǺһЦϴ֣ϴ֣ôͲˡ

ܿ뵽ˣǴȥѧǴΣһ˶ȹȹӣȹȻ̣аȫڳģ˿߹⡣

ѣôˣڣǶʮһ͵Ľˡ

ζظĺѿĻ棬΢棬С֡Է롯
˺ܾã༭˲֪õ΢ţ橳
ʱ䱣̫Ưˡ

Ѷ΢ţ˰죬̲סЦ
ĳλһ⼸ֵģ

*

ߵңʱ䱿ſڣŸѷϢ
ûһСԺһ
ʱΣɫպúСԺûʲô·ƣȫѼſյŵ

˵ԭûŵƣиϴүӿˤһӡ
Ѿſװһյƣҹš

޸߸ʱ䱵ģʱѻڸʱ޻֪׷ʱ䱣ΪͻڸʱĿеѵĺøС
صذĸ¶˵

ò˵µʱԸʱȷʵдͦġ

ʵֵ䵭磬ʼԴ

ĿյŵƣСԺԺŴˣһѩ޳Ӱ߳ʱ䱵˳ƫ˹ȥ
ţҲŲˡ

һ¶ȹ죬ȹȹʽô񻹲̫¶תţ¶ʱŷֺ󱳾Ȼοһ顣
ѩ׵ļҹĻУ׵ķ

ϳʱʱ΢ƫͷ΢̧°ͣҪȥĶ
ʱû˵ֱӿǰ

һ³ĬѲ˼еˣоˡ

ȳӵ·ڣͣµȺ̵ʱѲƿڡ
ڣˣ

ȷʵǹѡôһףȻϴײһƣ¶첲¶¶ȣôԸУô
ʱҪĻҲ⣬Ͼ˼ҲʲôҪ

ʱ䱵ЩȣȻƳһۣûС
΢ҡͷҾôһСǼ󣿡

ǵǡ
ʱ䱽˵·ɣϲģһء

ûʵĻЦ
ŲԼ̫ѨĿǰʵҾǴ㿴ġ

´˿̿ųʱ䱻ûסƫͷ˹
Цǰڡ

˵طѿǰëݣ֪ʱ䱽صذһ鳡أ

ľͷں
˱ߣʱ䱱˵֪Ĺ궼Ҫ϶ûʲô˶ʱ䡣ԺҪʱ䣬һ˶κòáҪ㲻ϲëҲġ

ʲôѹʵ

ʱ嵭Ŀ򡢵ɽҡ򣬻ģ㶼ѡ

ѣ
ڸоôЩӵʣ˶ʮȫܵӡ

ҴȻ
ѿһΧһ˶ûУСʵڣ𣿡

һѿ˶ģұֻһ鳡أŪ˼ˣʱ䱽͵

ȷֱվ˶ݵˣʱһι˹
ǰ

ʱ䱲ûдĶ֣صѵܶ·ߣվ򳡵һˣɵȻȴŪܵ

һǸĹľѻ졣

һأɴһˡ
ˡ

򲻶ˣʱ䱴Ǳ߹ǰѵϷ

Ķ̷еȣ˶ˮմʪ˳ĴڶͷϣӢͦüûյ䵭β˶΢졣
ѰüͻȻֻ㱡

˭뵽µǴżŴľһƳǻߵڡ

ʱ䱼˵ʣôˣ
ۣڵ˵

Ц£ƣҪ˭֪ס֣û˳ק
ֻ

ֱͣӰקſѹϡ

˸վ˶ֱؿ͵ײһ˭û˵ǸʱȻֱ۳塣
ľ룬΢µĹ

ƣ룬һƳͬеܡ

ѡͻȻʱ䱿ں֡
ٴ·ĵӦ㣬²⵽Ҫ˵Ļĵȴţ˭֪һ̣͵һƬڡ

ʶ֣Լ
¡


ʱ΢գգۣÿͻĺڰĿֻţȻûһ
ȵ£ɢһп־塣

һӣĵƹٴ
дæĽŲϹסǸ˼ղǹԱʧ󣬲СĹص˵ơǸǸ

Ѻ͸ʱѾ˿ŶԷûʲô顣
ɫΪֲ˼ΣСҪٸλһΣ鳡صİ

Ҫ˶
ҪԾܾߵ˱һ˵ãлл㡣
ѣ

*

ٸҼʱ䣬ҿ϶˵ǰϹŶ÷֮ɳϣһΡ
˵ǰοĻοѣһ⡣

μεĻճʱжҪһݣֻϧīͼѾҳ˺ۡ
ȥŶ֮ǰ÷֮˵Ҫ

˭֪¶޷Ǽʵ˾ɶ֪ĴڣζӦ÷֮һˡ
ʵƴ֣Ǻҵ޸ʦһˡ
黭޸ֻ¾кüˡ

ľȹŶ޸ʦֻйһҵ޸ǣʵЩϵ

÷֮һ£˵ϴᣬ;뿪Һ㣬ôңֵܷˡ

Цƾ
Ǵδᣬ÷֮ȥģŸʱ뿪

÷֮Ȼ׷飬ʱʲô顣ܷڵ˶ĿãҪʣ׾ʳ
ǣôǸӼĴʶ

÷֮ݴʣɶЦѡ
̲סʵȦô

ô÷֮һü£˵ǸүǸģڴĴžǣӼ£˵ϲһдҡҲ֪ȥˡ

÷ָ֮˵°ͣЦһУĸûɡ

һۣ˼ҵĹˡ
֮ǰͶʵĿŶӣҲǸйأ÷֮ЦһȫȻ
ȥŶӣֻҲΪˡ

΢̧°ͣԣ֮ǰ׷
֮ǰ÷֮ͦģ˵أ

׷ңѵɳ

÷֮üͷ˵ѣҪˡ
ʲô
˵Ϊ㣬ҲŻѡʱڼ̳ȨľУѾܵܵĶ֡ʱݷҲãļ̳мҵԣⶼҪؿǵġ

Ѳ˼

ǾΪǮŻҪ׷Ц
÷֮ΣҵԸʵ㣬֪Ѿûʤ㣬һͷȥ

㿴ȥ̳мҵѡ񿼹ţǺܲǵһ£ǶҶԣĸʱ䱲ϲˡΪۣɵѡԼϲģѾʤˡ

仰÷֮ʹ㡣
ƿԡ

ǲɢѲϲ÷֮Ըʱ䱵ۣ÷֮ҲЩһζάʱ䱡

öûϵ
ֱһںһ뺯ĵѼС

ȻǼʵ＾Ļʽ뺯ÿһĻῪʼ֮ǰ˾ȫһ߳УоƷչչҪľƷ
ҲһǰԤȺ·ؼҵĹע
Ļʽǽʾһᣬʼˡ

ֽĻʽ˲ǶؼҾǸ·ۺʿҿ뺯дŵǾƻᣬ١

ֿĻʽѱǲȥģǽ֮ǰ÷֮Ĳɢ÷֮ͷûӡ

Ե죬ǻһ¡صȹǰĻʽ

˵ʱ򣬲ûеһʱ俴÷֮ſǼʵĹԱξٰĵص㣬ڼʵģһɼʵȫȨͶʵչġ

οĻʽвپƷڵչ
ĺ󣬱йΧչŵľƷ

ʵйŻרһΪʵרĸţջȻμġīͼעϲϽĹŻרҲ黭

͹Żʱ˵СƼӰһ
Ͻת÷֮˵÷ܣСˡ

÷֮ԭڸ죬ɫסʵôˣ
Ȼ꣬ѷ뺯ǽǶ֮Ҳһֱ̫ϲֳϣûСθ뺯

С£С˵֧ģ
ôܡ
÷֮ʧЦ˲֪֪ܲģɲһ׵顣

÷ܣˡ˺ѽ׼ȥѣһԱҴҳ֡

˿չһ˲ţԷֱ۾ͿŭǶһģŪٻƭˣұЩƭҵˡΪʲôҪҡ
ɿֱۡ

Էŭ㻹˵޵𣿡
ѿĻУ֪˵ĸ

ĮҲ֪˵ʲôֻһ޸ʦҸ޻Ҫϵƭ͸ȥˣҡ

Ǹ˵ˣҵڶ޸ʦ޵ģ޵ģȻҲģҲ䵱˴ʦĹŵӣһ쵽Źһ˳ʦͷɵȴǿɹƭĹ

ʱչĵˣⳡ
رֵطƷ̶֣

÷֮ϵʱ򣬾ͿǸ˴һƣѾ˹ȥѶͷһ
˳ķ˿

ɫҺʵ۽ʱѵȻ̧֣ͷõһԣ˳ơ

ϴŵİɫף˲䱻Ⱦ죬ͬȾѪ㡣

ҲʱϵԷֹס÷֮ҳһŵĳ棬ʱջѿ˴ȥ
ö˶˵һĻʽȻ˵ҡ

УǸУĻҲӦ
Ѵȥ۾΢С

ţֹȥϵǷ

˼ľٶ˲ٴ˵ûҴɭĻ׿ڸ˵⻭޵ġˣҲ˭

ɭϰ壬֮ǰһֱй
ϵȷʵ
ǷʱϰһֱҪ޵γŻ

ǼѵȻ˴ϲһ˵ҼƷƷ

۾׺ݵĶ˵˵޵ģȺƭӣɭȥĶˡ

ѻվֱ壬ĮŶԷҲ֪㾿ϵƭǳʲôĿģҪңȻִ˵޵ģҾװ׵֪Լж

Զһͦ޳ˣóֻһ绰
绰һͨԷ䵭ʵңӵ绰ʲô㳤˵

ҵδɩһ鷳֮С
һҲͣٵʵĶ

ȵ绰Ա߸˵ܣô죿

ʵ̫ˣҲ֪ղͨ绰˭ΪȻҲλСݣϾǰЩʹӲʵۣȥ˵ء
Цȿţҿͦгġ

ȷʵţţֱóԼֻԱߵĹԱ˵ҿԽߵĴĻ𣿡
ȻԱõ÷֮ʾ󣬸Ͻͷͬ⡣

ѽֻϵһļУ˵ϣٷŴǰĴĻϡ
ˢˢĿĻ

̧ͷˣᶨ޻һиϰߣǾһᱣÿһ޹ϣƬԼּ

˵˵λŵƷΪʲô޵Ǹһ

Ҷ֪ŻΪֽλΪΪϤġϺͼǧｭɽͼĴǾҲô󲿷ֶʶΪλΪ޵ġͼǵʱֽɫ

ָָϵǸƷܿ˼
ֱ˰ȫ򿪣չǰ

ָŻȻϸǾƬֽȻͼǡ硷һǾһֽôͬһء֮߻Ծ٣Ϊֽɳɱ̫ߣԽΪסҲǾƵαԭ֮һ

˵ٲˣ˵ĿЦ֮

ͺñһͻһ̿ʻȻĶһǻԭϴһʼŪˣֱӶϾѵĿԡ

Ʒ鸡޴ҷ緶ֻҪ˶ܿóһۼٵα

ļ仰֮Ǹ޼ٻ˵ˣɫɷףٲҿ

ʵܶѾţȷʵݺġ
ĵҲ֪Щȫ˵ƫ

ֱ㿪ļƬ˵ôҾ˵˵Ϊʲô޵⸱ġ뿴Ƭǵʱ̼14֤飬͵޸ĹŻһ¾̼14⡣

ν̼14귨ü⣬Ʒŵ
Ҳǵ񿼹Ž磬ѧһֶΣܶҲ̼14

һʼֱó̼14ļⱨ棬ӿѧĽǶȸˣǳγǲǺ͵汾Ҫļˡ

˵һŻķҾ˵һĿǰȨģһϹͨ죬˵Ҫһǳɣһ㡣Ǳʻϣģµġ

ʱ̨Ѿڵͷ˵ȷʵ

óҪһ۵㣬˵ϵ֣ر֣ܶ˶֪ʵָı϶ΪԺ㣬Ŵбܻϰߣ֮󣬊𱻸Ϊ϶𣬴Ӵ϶֮ȡ𣬱˴ɻΪ𣬿ɼ˻ƵʱӦ䡣

ݣЩģֻǿܱ֡

Ҫһˣ治ע⵽ϸСĩ΢ĵط

Լȫ֣ж˻ȷʵ滭

˵꣬Ϊյ˵Ŷˣ˵һ£Ǿֽγ͢ڲϷǹֽ

£û˷ʡ

÷֮ͷƣʱΧһƬͣȻ˵λ˲֪ʲôָʹ޸ʦڸղѾ˱˾ǻύ

Ÿղ޸ʦһһôҴΪ𺳣ҲԸұֻ֤ҪǼʵµƷһǻʵҪȻĻλһΪ̰ͼСˣӶ˴

һ־磬÷֮䣬Ȼʵһλᡣ

ڱҪѺȥʱȴס
Էͷ˲䣬ҲùһƣʵʵģŶԷ˹ȥ
ƣ俴ŶԷ㡣

ƴӶԷͷʱȴʱȫһ
Ǳֲ˷Ц

˿ֻһ˵ˣһĻЦ
СȻᱻ۸

־֮÷֮˵ѣ˴ȥ·ɡ

ܺ㹫˾ˣЩٳң俴ٴ£մźƵĳ

˵仰ûٴ÷֮ת뿪
ͦ߳ģһʤŮ

ѳȥ֮ǰһΣֻЩᷳԣϲǮÿһʱ򣬶еŬΪ޻ոһմױԼơ
Ϊ޻ô꣬ξƲմֶҺȡ

Щˣȴһһεĵ
ΪǸҵ޸ʦ

һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ȥĶֻԼǰߣ紵ϣϡ
ֱһɫӣ·ͣ¡
Ŵ򿪣һֱ

ѱסʱ򣬶ûʶǸʱ䱡

ôˣû뵽￴
ʱ䱴ĿĶôһգգĿ

ӵƵ绰ݵķԷԥþƣĵ˵ĸо

ʱ䱵˵ܰĺܰ
޻ǱԼġ

ԭص飬˲࣬ͻȻʣǴʵҸϹ𣿡

ʱϻŰ״ûѣɼϹʱж༱Ҵҡ
һ뵽һˣίһеȲϹϵߣһ˲䣬ȫΪУҲԥվһߡ



˵ڣ֪𣿸ղҾ룬ô󣬴ô࣬ΪʲôҲҪѧЩתת˷ʱء

ʱ΢΢ü
ֱһһˣѡ

Σʱ䱳ס

ΪûжҲȴȥ
ѾȵĹˡ
ֱ֣һץס½󣬽ԼͬʱҲż׼ȥ

һΣǸʱ䱡
̧סĺףͷ

Ƴȵ;ʱƫͷĶͷͳԴһ˿Ƶİơ

ôÿζأŮѡ




44.   44    ҡŮѡ

ʮ

ⲢǸʱ䱵һѡ
ϴСľ, ʱѸմɽˤȥʹʶģ, ʱӽԵ״̬

ȴһ, ĸܵʱ䱵Ĵ
ŵȡ

ֻѹĴ꣬, 
ѵĺסֱһңԭ, һ

δ󵨵׷, ǽ, ɬͬСŮ

ʱƺҲķӦ, Ӻһ˿ЦЦĴĶϣնʼס¡
ǳˮ·, ʱٿ

ۡʱ, ѹЦ⡣
һѲʶı۾һ˵Ĵٴ, ڴǳǳ̽, ųֱǿƣѸ˿Ĵࡣ

Ϊ, һĵӦ֡

տʼѻܸо, Լһǲóһ˿ܱɬ
ɺܿ죬סѵ, ᲻ء

ƫͷסĴһţźݺ˱.ûһĹѺ٣òԾƵԽ١
ָ߬ĳֻҪһɣͻ̱

ԭǽǣվȵĸоͬһСƯڴϣԼһǰȫ΢Ϣ
΢΢ҵĺҲôһ㴫ϡ
ûȥȵķ̡

ͻȻԱߴһŲѷ·˴ξУʵ

Ǹʱ䱵ֱӽԱߵСںڰվ˴˵ĺҵĽš
̧ͷڰУ۾õķ⡣

˫䵭ֳĺ˿Ϊø 
ʱҲ΢ͷĿϣֱĵףŵ˵ԣ׷㣿

һϣɻЩȵľ£ﶼȴɢͷŵȣؿһûͣˡ

۽΢ͷղŽʲô

ͻȻӵһͷʱŤͷȥһ춯ȷǱ˹ִգָһûһµĦţͷʱ΢ƶͳ˵Ůѡ

˵ĺһһҧ˵
ÿ˵ʱͷ
ȫм֮

ǽڣǿԼ壬ʱıǼ⣬ʵڿԸңղŷʲôɣ

ĴæղƵֻͨų̈ϽĹ̡

ѻȻʵҳԿŴҴҸϹģ
ȻһŮսʿһ˳ֵߣиúģ֮ǰĵ׵һɨգֻʣɡ

ʱ䱣û°ɣ
ĳŷͷ΢ʪ

ʵղܽʱ򣬾ŵһŨŨĺζΪھƻϺ˾ƣҸղͻס½ѹûüϸ롣

һϸ룬Ϊ޸ǵξƲմ
ôܺȾƣȵ϶Ǿơ

ʱҲŵͷɢžζ
Ⱦôܺȵͷϡ
Ǳþơ

΢̧°ͣЦҳԿģڻûءڣôСң
˳ܵˣ˭ԣһǷ

ڲС㣬ֻ̫ˡⲻһӵ绰˵鷳ͣĴʵҸ˹·ûüϡҲ֪ԭϲһ˵ʱ򣬻ô¡

ίԸԼӶҪȫѧͳϣ׷ˡ
ⱻ۸ʲô˲ʣȶ˹

û뵽ô˵ЩЦã½С˵ҲڳЦ㣬ֻǾһֱôĸڣС
Ϊ֮ǰĸʱ䱣ûʲôɵĵġ

ƽ޲һɲ䣬ȴǣң˻ᵣĵˡ

ĸʱ䱣˶ԶʲôģȴδгһգȴеĽԳ֣̳

ĿڵһͿ˵Ժ󲻻㵣ˡ

ʱ䱿ѵùɵģ̲סǰڻУֱս·ҪԼ
˵㲻ΪҸıʲôҪ۸㣬ҲҪ¸ҵķȥ

˵£΢΢ƫͷ촽Ķ䣺ȻҲ㡣

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»صӱϣŷָʱ䱵ĳӱһΥͣķ
߹ȥֽ˺ЦʵڣҲΪɣ

ʱ䱱ЦѸʻ

Ǹϳʱ䱵ֻˣתͷѣ㲻õģѾӵˡ
ƺЦһЦǸ˵
ллˡʱ˵

ܿ죬绰ˣʣ˭
ҵܵܣʱ΢ǶȿȥĲӦǾƷ˰ɣͷͦ촽䱡ȴֲԵùÿĻߵ䡣

һ߳ɫһ߾ȣܵܣ⣿
ʱЦ£Ѿ˽ˣ
ٶһ£Բõ

ʱ䱽˵Ҳμһһ鷳͸Ҵ˵绰Ҳְæ˵ԼһУ

ڸղŵķӦȷʵøսĶ

һµˣǻ˾ܻԷ
飬ǽġ

֣һǰ֤ݣʵöԷһΪ޹ûȥǱƣΪⳡ־ĸ.

дµĽβִġ

ЩϧԭҲչϣϧղû

ʱüǰһϧӿ԰
˲ЦĲУᵹڸʻϣǿ׵ܵܡ
ţҲǸˡ

淢ˣٸ佾ˣһ̸ͻԶδ׾Ů΢һ±ˣҪﲻ
˵Ȼ䲻٣ĵ׻ͦõġ

˭ϲԼѣڶԴԼʱ򣬻ôء
෴˸䣬ԼԴס
ּµķŻԽõԳ֡

ΪЩǱʱ䱱㽫ͻؼң³ʱѶҸҷϢ

ʱ䱵ͷҪ뿪ʱͻȻվԭص˶ˡ

ס󣬽ԭѾǰѣֱصŵʣǲһ¡
ɻ̧ͷʲô¶

ʱ䱵ͷϣص£ɿ˵

ѱòļҪɾ²ǵʲô츳ܣû򿪵ʱ򣬻Ǹ֡
ˣֱ֡

˼һ¥޵ķ仹ŵƣ洫ţͿڴϣ׷ž磬ޱȿ֡

ֱ˹ȥʵݿңûʲôһģ

գգ۾ѣ⣺ʲôһ
Ӵ˸Ҳһˡ˵

һ¾ʹӴЩµʵѽ㣬ôˣôһˣԺʲôˣʲôˣ

ķЦӴˣңѵˡ
㣬ЩͬĿޣ΢ЦɻǸ

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һֱҩޣڵȵΥһĻõȴǿģ˺
ȫ綼˵ֻ

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ӴҽԺʱգգɬƣ˫ۣ̲ס̧ͷһͷ£ɫʶɢԣΧǳӳǳѵһɫ

и˳Ĳˣлһ̨
մֱ̨ͿյƣС

ɵӣ뿪ѾҽԺ;޺ɣһˮ·ϣȴû˰ôĳ
εӰֻڳŴȴֵķС
һִӼӰУսѳѺƣ룬Ϯ

ֱӿ˭֪Сſڵʱȴôȥˡ

һԸֻǽΪȻӿͷͻʱ䣬̲סҪһͷóֻ׼ͬĸʱ䱴绰
ҹʺϳһ

֪ʱѧУڼ
˵ԼĻҪȤҲһɲ䡣

ֻóû绰ԼֻˣͷһƣʱֺȻĻϡ
Թԣ׸ǣӦˡ

ӽͨ绰ȿʵҪ绰أ绰ˣֵܣǲǾʱر¶꣬ʺϳһ
˵ɣȥĶȣ

£˭˵ȾƵģ
ӣϵĸҴ绰

˵ζҾ㣬һθŮӦʲôȽϺʣ

ʶʣʲôŮѡ

ҡŮѡ

ӣ




45.   45    Ժʦĸͺˡ

ʮ

峿, Ѵ˯ʱ۾ĵһ˲䣬ŵԺ, Աߴͷֻ𶯵
ȥֻ
򿪺, 㿪΢ţöǸͷ񣬷Ϣ

ʱ䱣ҪȥϿ, ϵһ͵ڶڿΡϿεʱû취ʱظϢ

ѿϢЩͷź֪Ϯͷ
, Ǹʱ䱵Ůˡ
, ʽȷ˹ϵ

, ڸԼ㱨г̣

ֻ, ͻȻڴϹһȦôŮĵĶû, ˿⿴ĻϵϢ, ֹסĿġ

ѣ֪úϿ, ڡ
ʱ䱣, õġ

ѼظĻͦ䵭ģ̲סòûбҪ˵𣿡  
Ǳ߹һ, ڻظ㡣
ѵһЦҲǡ

һֻϵʱ, Ѿ˵ˣˣѻû
ѽñ, Լѡһɫȹ
ƤףŨɫԵøס

¥¿飬ѧȥѧˣֻγ̲ܼûΣڼ￴顣

ʱ̧ͷ¶ޣѽ㣬ôÿ춼ôƯ
˵춼һ𣬰˵Ѿʱʱǻᱻһ־޵ĸо

ѣûпΣ
ûУУ˵ѧУԷˣʳ治ãҺķ

ŵһѣѼ̲סĳ
ӿСˣȥŶ

ſڵ޷飬ֱܹȥš

ѽ˿ûһ͹
ʵʲôҴҪȥˡ

㸵ϲԵİɣЦ˵
ϵΧȹ˲֣ĵҪԷ𣿡

Ȼʱ䱲ԼŮǶ㻹ôĸ￴Ůζôô˳ۣô˧˵ǴѧĽڣſֶ긾Ůϲ

ѣһ

ʱһ̵˽һѽ㡣

Ӵˣ㱻ôһŵһ¡
ȴ⣬ֱӴӱóһ۹ղһС͹ģѽ㣬ġ

һƣ˵ӴƯĻ˭͵ģ
˭޹ϳӣζ˵

ֻǶ㲢ûѸᵽ£ʵѵλ÷

÷֮СԺҲͦ˵ģʱ޴ЩӡҲͦõġ
ȻǱȲϸʱ䱡

ô¸ڰЩεʵ
һʶ˵ҿڣƽʱ䵭ģǻˡ
ҡͷԣС˼ҿ

Ǹ͵ģ⻨湻ˮÿģȥҸƿСԲһȻǸʱģЦñ࿪ˡ

ѵͷǰĻЦ

ֱмŵһſƬóһĿһм͸ּֽԾзǡ
ңԸһ춼õ顣
ʱ䱡

ѿ仰̲סЦ
˵䵭ɣʱŵĹͷһĺ顣ѳϣһȷʵԺ鿪ʼ

յϢʼһֱڣ

˻ƿԽϣЦ˵ҪõҵĹҡ

ȻĹűǽǡ

;ʱѽӵ÷֮ĵ绰
ԴڿĻʽϷ飬˶ûϵ

͵סӣڵ÷֮Լһ
ѣԲ𣬡÷֮ĵ绰ͨһ˲䣬˵

ѣ𣿡
ţǹ˾ǸϹŶһֱλΪīͼ飬֪޸ô˲ѵĶʽ

÷֮ҲǱĵ͸ЩϹԾӣЩ˾˿
ڹ˾һһΪҪĻῪĻʽϸ顣

÷֮Ҳ˼Լҳ˼˵ʲôҲҪЩʬλز͵϶߳˾ҲǻԼ

ѣڿ޸īͼΪǹ˾ãԼǹ˾顣˶ģ÷֮û취㹫˾һУôбҪ֮ĺ

ѣһζ÷֮˵ػ

Ȼķ飬һ޶ԡ
£ҪԼõ᳹׸Ʒϵһ

ɭô£ôָƷ˹ϵʵ˵ʱΪ÷֮еϵѲŻӦ޸黭

ȷʵǸǮ󷽣˫졣
ȻҲ֪λϰҵ̫ãԼҲһֱܷ飬Ҳû̫⡣

ĴǸƷйص飬ֻҪԷûдĵ߾ͺá

÷֮ɭǰӾ˵߼һλԭһղؼңǺ֪Էô˵ʽֳ⡣˲ٶ˵ٶǼٵģںܶ˶

Ǻã»ҪˮɫĮʵа취ҵ𣿡

÷֮ʣ
ҺʦͦõİɣЦ΢䣺ǵƨ·ɲС

Ѵֳ˿Ҫġ
쵷ҵ˲˵ɭʼٸߣǾԲŹԷġ

һᾡ÷֮̾˿ڣŪ

ݸһЦҲˡ
÷֮

*

ͨ绰ڹ﹤ͷֻһĻ޸̸ġ
⣬Ҳʶ˲ٲؼҡ
ʱر׵ˣŻԷܹ

Ѹհ㵶ĥą̃ϵֻ

߹ȥǸʱ䱴򿪵ģɾ֣ͨ绰¿𣿡

꣬汳һƬӣ¥ݵӦǸճ˽ң͸Լ˵绰

ʱ䱣Σڸʲô
ĥҵ㵶ĥãʹ绰ˡ


Ҳ⻰е壬˵׼ĥ޻̸ոҽһĻؼԼе͹޸

θʲôѽŴ򿪣̨ϸɾĲ˲

ʱ˵Ҫȥʵң¹ɽֳھһֱǵʵңҪһʵҿš
ǶԼĹҲû취һ

ʣأôԷ
һ㶼ѧУʳá
ͦʣԲ𣿡

ʱ䱵ʹüۣȻ˵ǰһˣӦžͺáʵҲãûϵġ

Թԣ⻰˵Ѷ֪ôȥˣͦȻĪί
ǰɣ˰ɡ

̽ʵҪ磬ȥѧУ緹
㷽𣿡ʱͣסѾȾЦ⡣

ѹ˵˵ԵĻĳǲӦʧˣ
¸ʱͣ½ŲĵʧڣӦûʳʡ
£汻⻰òС

ѵüʾЦ£İ͡

绰ҶϣѾ¥˵˾䣬粻ڼҳԷ
һȣ֮ǰ˵˵ġ

ĲŪ³׵ƤЩ谵ĳҫۣüȾϵЦݣҸȥ͡

֪ʱζʵҡ
ԹȥʱҲûǰ绰ֱӿȥ

ǰ죬У⳵ȥֻҪǼǾͺá
һ·ϵʵ¥ʱŷⶰʵ¥Ķеɫ㣬ۿʽĽ

ǳ緹ʱ򣬲ѧ

ҲųԵĶʵҵģҲûȶã͸һ˴¥

֮ǰһΣ·ҵʵſڡ
Ӱ컹вڣͦġ

ֱʵҵűƿ߳һˣſվŵѣһīɫŨīزʵĳȹžΨ˵СöԷһ㶡

ѱѾֻ˳ʱ䱴绰
Էʣʣ˭

𣿡ЦŻش
Էͷڡ
ܿЩΪѣƺòòΪѽˡ

ⲻһҸʱ䱵ĳʱҲѧһǸŮҸʱ䱣òòðæ

Ǽ˸ʱ䱾ܾˣԼ¡

ֱ߳һˣѺͶԷһ
ϣ
ʦôˣϣ۾һֱͦľĹ־ͽ˽ȥվѽ

λλϣһȥ˵֮ǰ˵λʦ޸ر

ϣתͷ˵ʦҸղŻЩоѧѧ˵ءǶرȤ

ѿŶһ˫˫۾̲סɡ
ǾǶԼ޸ˮƽ棬ǶԼ͸ʱ䱵Ĺϵ档

֪ϣһֻѧʣԲŴµˣҲԸ̫ģҲ˸ԡ
֪Ѻ͸ʱ䱵飬ʵѧУ

Ȼ˭֪λǸ׷Ĵˡ

ʦҸڵİɣͰ㺰ϣ˵˭֪߳һˡ

Ťͷʱ˳һΪʱ䱽Ȼһ΢е̫ŵĿȸֳ̳УŶصĹȣһ򵥵ĺɫװ㣬ƽļ򵥸ɾĴţȷʵе̫һ
Ȼ˧˧ıһ

һװ磬ԭ˧ͦӱ£һ֣˵·ֻȻɵĴ

رǵʱߵ࣬վһ顣
ۡҲ֪˭ͺһ

ôˣҲǰҴ绰ʱ䱿ǣ
룬ѾͦͲرˡ

ڱɾ̫ܵЩ֡

ԾȽ˽ϣЩ˴ȥ
ڣҪʦȥԷ𣿡̲סʵ

εϣҲ͸˵ýʦ
ȷʵʲôʦ

ϣʱ䱿һۣЩΪѣҲеòӡ

Ǹʱ䱴һۣĿڣ˵ʦҲС

ϣ˵ͷѼԼ˵Ҳһ
ȷʵֺΪʦԸʦеŤ

ԺʦĸͺˡʱȻ




46.   46    ԺҪʱ򣬡

ʮ

ʦĸ
ѧȷʵʦʦĸ, رЩڶѧܺãѧؼҳԷʲôģѧʦĸĸҲ

ֻû뵽, Լ, ȻҲĳƺ
ⲻ̲סԼʦĸ

ʦĸá
ʦĸԺʵ氡

ʱ˸ͷ, ʵ˻ˣ˵֣ѹͲ¶, ´֪ߵ, ̲סͷЦ

ڸʱ䱼ʱ䲻, ˵ǶȥԷɡ
Ӧ

ʱ, յԼָ嵽ָʮָ, һ뿪ʵҡ

Ǹһ, ʵҳը

ɣ, Ǹڶѵˡ֮ǰﴵţ, һڽ֮ǰҵŮѣˡ
˼ҽ۹, ǴûҪ

ǸڵЧ, ǰŸڿ׷ˣڻȲ
֮ǰֻ￴λʦĸѽ, Ҳ̫Ưɡ

԰ɣղʱҶ˵
ֵǿϧˡ
ǲ˰ɣ˼ѹں»һҪǵĹ

˳ǴѧУ֮
ʲôѽ
ڰҪǴŮ֣ôһ˧磬ʲôʱѵŶ

ڵ˫֪۵Ȼ졣

ѰѴķУֱӴ򿪡
ʱ䱵ͷһۣЦϲԵġ

ϸİɣЦп
嵭һЦӦǶȽϸİɡ
ԶˣΪЩȷʵȫǶġ

ʱֽڽ⿪СϾ⶯ˮ̲סſ˺һֱʱ䱽Ӱǰʲôأôԣ
ܲ˵Ӷô˧ɡ

ӣĿ̲ס׵ֱϣһ𰡡

˳Էͦģż˵һ䡣
ʱȷʵеˣصشݷĺܿˣԼֻ˱߱ϵļڣ̲סʣ㻹Ҫҵĸ㣿

֪ȷʵ󣬸ʱ䱿һۣ̲סüԲˣ
ѵͷ

ʱ䱰æһ룬ѾͰʣµĴ˻ȥ

극ʱ䱽ʰã롣
ֱӴͳһбǡ

ûʣѾ֣ҲҪ

ʱ䱸һţ治ɫĸһҧˣ̼䣬ζǻǵص
ֱǡ
̫ˬˡ

ʱ䱿ڰ칫ԱߣޱűǵģͻȻ̲ס룬ԼǲǶԼŮ˽ĺе̫ˡ
⿴ʵ̫к

ѱ߽Ǳʵ𣿡
һ㶼ǳֱȽҪ̵ˣŻֱ߱ǡ

ʱʵ˵ż飬١

ҳ鲻ˣЩϧ˵ܾһԼĶ̾ƿȫһ㶼մ

ʱҲϧɫ̲Ǻ¶ԺҲ飬Ҳ롣
²ۣԼζˣ͹涨ˡ湻Եġ

˵ģʱһʼ䵭˭ģֻרעԼ飬Ҫ˵ԵûСϾķִУı˭Ҫá
Ǿôһ֮ʲôܡ

ʱ岻ãȥë
Է̲ס
ⲻڣΪҪ¶ɴȶԼͷ

治ˣ׷ʡ
ʱ䱣治롣

⻰˵꣬վŵˣѾֱӵԼĸǰקסؿ½İקԼĸǰϢǣӰΡ

칫ֻϸϸܵԽң˴˵ĶĤ

ര⣬ʱʱгżȻЦԼſ⣬ͻȻĽŲЩ֯һȴ˿ûд˵ľ

ʱ䱽˱ڰ칫Եƻϣ·ȦССܲ͸Ŀռ
ѱֻ붺Ūһ㲻ʰ㡣
ǳͬȼ͵˫ֻĲ΢ͷȴ̲סҪ㡣

ӣ󵹣˾ͻϡ

Ǹ棬ѾͲٶ
Ҷң˶Щ⣬ֱʱ䱱ɿ񼫹̵ĿͬҪ̻

ڸʱ䱴Ҳǰ칫ң¡
ƻûס˵ԺôͻȻϮ

ԣԺҪʱ򣬶Ҫǰ򱨸𣿡
ʮֳҺʵ

ʱ䱣

*

ѴѧУؼҺ󣬱밲޻˳ȸʱ°࣬Լˣһȥ

ȻҲʱ䱻ؼң˶ࡣ
ûа취˵硣

˭֪Ҫʱѽӵһͨ绰ܿ뿪ҳš
Լųһ·ʻֱϳӴʻȥʱʶԱ߿һۡ

ܿ죬ͣһСԺǰ档
ԺӸʱڵСԺһͨӣװ޵ĺ°ˣһţԺҲѼһˮס
źɻ£ǿʱ

߽һˮ˯ˮϣƯβ໥Ϸ׷

ѣһЩϵĵĺ
̧ͷȥͼһЩ׷̫̫߹ɺʦĸ

ʵͣӦú̲ŶԾǹһ˳ͽܣλǹһ˳ӣ۱˵ȷʵô

ǸͷӰЦʵ
ѽˮ£ұǵģֻǰеæ

ЦæͲܹÿζֲǰɡ

˵磬¥ϵƺ͵ȵĲͷˣ򿪴ӣֱӺѣȻˣ͸Ͻ
ͷӣͲС㣬ڼӹĻҺĻȥ

С˵ȥʦ˵
ȥ׼ˣ˵ʲôҲҪڼԷ

ܿ죬˳¥˶¥һ˳ҲʽװޣֻѼԴ³ʽͬһ˳װ޸Եӡ

ʦһ¥Ϳһ˳ϻϿ顣
һ˳֮ϸãͻȻʣѣ㵱Ϊʲôѧ޸

ԭأûش

үүˣǲǾû˼̳ˣҪ̳²һ˳ϵ˵
ѵүүʵ˵Ӧʦֵܡ

յѵҪԼʦԼ˱˵۹⣬ִҪͽܣϣʦ֮Լͷţ治۸

Ǽʦ֣¾Ѿ޸ģ츳Ҳͷһݵĺãҵ㲻ǿүүķϣҲΪϧš
Ĵˣһ˳ԼǰԼʦ߶
ֵˣҲһԼͽ߶߶

վԭأš

ֱһ˳ʵѣ㲻·ѾԽԽƫ𣿡

ʦǲʲôѴ˿Ѿٲ²ʦԼΪ֮ǰǸƷ顣
˵Ҹ㱣֤Ʒ׬Ǯ

һ˳˫Щǵ۾˵ʦ㣬ֻʦãҪ׬ǮͲѡ޸

Ŀ͵һϣһֱΪô˵ʦվһͷġ
֪Ǹ˵ٻʦ

ȻĺãҲ˷˵ô˵ҪʳǷҪʳһأƽʱͲá

÷ǸСӣλһҪã糹׷޸һ׬ǮгôȣȫԴչȭš
һ˳ҲЩ֮ǰ״ڵ飬Ҳû˵ǰ˵ġ
ѹ

һΣѰܻԼǾ÷֮ǣ̫ֻѾ˵ѧϰ޸ĳġ

վԭأͻȻԺʱ䱵
ΪʲôҪѧ޸

ѵʱĻشǣѧԨԴΪүү޸ʦŻҪѧġǵʱΪʲôҪѧʱȴԼһδ뵽Ļش

ΪȰ
أ
޸һֻǮȥ

һ̣Ѻսƣʱһ̵񣬲ͣĸ֣ͣĳࡣ

ֱʦ˵Ϊйõ޸ʦ

ҲΪõ޸ʦ




47.   47    Ҫұ㣿

ʮ

, ڼԷ𣿡Ҽ¥ֱߣ׷˳
ͣ½Ų, ǿһЦݣ, ʦĸҽ컹Լ˱ˡ

ҳ¥Ͽһۣʵô, ʦ˵㲻ĵĻ

ǣҡͷСʦˡ
ͷ, һ쵽֪Ƣ, ǲƽϡڼԷ, ʦĸϲԵġ

ЩΪѵʦĸ, ҽĸԼˡ
˭̲סѣ
֪һֱû̸֮ǰʱһ, ϣҸѡ

Ҳ˳һʡ
˭֪ͷ, ѡ

ˣҿĵЩгʲôʱƣ
С˵ҲǸһ, ȹһ, һ

Ҹ᲻÷ˣһʵˣʲô, ︸ĸ, Ǹʲôģ

ǱˣڴѧﵱʦǿϵĽڣڸĸ, ʱҲûô룬صĻشڸʱ䱱û˵ֻǲʱٸԼһǮ

̲ס¥Ͽһۣĵ˵ĸо

Ϊʦһ
վ۵ףֻԼѧֶıȡˡ

֪ܶ޸ʦԼĵ漰棬»ľ˼Ͼ˲ˣ̫Ʒˣ֪Ầ˶ˡ

һ˳ǴͳعصϽˣһӱŹ֮ġ
ҪȻҲȦߵĵλ

ֱ꣬⵽ˣںѽǸŽڣøл˵أ㶼֪ʦһ쵽߶߶Щ鰡ôôŪһϲͨԹ˵˵һ顣

ˣѵ֣һԸֵģ

ѣʮ꣬Ҵꡣ
ҲʣԽԽЦĲ֪ôǺá
׼ʵʱ¥ͻȻһ˵˸Լˣȥ

ͬʱ̧ͷ¥Ͽȥ
ҵ˵ͷӾӲҪ˵ʲôĻҲȥʦ

ѵĳ̾˿ܹġ
ȥ֮ǰɷȥһҪǿˣڲϣݵĲӣ˭Ŷ۵ĲС

ģѡ
ԴӶȥ֮Ůͳĵ׵ǣҡ

˵ŮɷţͥҵгɣʵûʲôҪĵģȴһʮСѾ˱һҲû顣

Ϊǣңùһ˳Ҷƫѡ
˵Ҫѧ޸һ˳˱˵۹⣬Ҫŵӡ

ʦĸҾˡ⻰΢˵

Ҳû͵ſڣ䡣

¥һ˳վڶ¥濴֣ÿιӶͣǱߡ
ϳţ˽ȥ

˵˵㣬ÿζú˵Щͽܣʮˣ㻹ҲèһΨһСģ㵹ãƽʱͦ۰ġ֪һؼʱͲĹƢء

һ̾һ
һ˳ܻ֪ʲôǺɸ֣֮ǰ˵ȥʹΪֻĵطȫĲŻ㶼֪ж֣˫֣Ŷʮͣȵĸʹʮ黭޸ʦһ

֪黭޸ҪľǽһİɣҽѿʼһΣһζûʧܹҶұ֤ÿһνһĶܰٷ֮ٳɹ

ԽڴߣԽǻʧ
Ĵͽܺս֣Ǹ쵼Ѿ黭޸ǹһ˳Ҳûʲôָ֪յ־ǶȥҲΪһԼ

Ѳһ츳һ˳ôܿһ·ϣԽԽԶ

ˣú˵°ôҲ˵Ĺ֡

*

뿪󣬳·ĿĵĿš
ֱӲ֪˱ѧʱƳϣѧУѧ¥ĴһǸƯĲӡ

óֻŷֻ֪ʱ˻

ҿϻߡ
ֻϵ󣬳ʱסСȥ

СſֵͦģһĿ̵꣬ſڵ޺ȫϣɫĹ⣬ˮ֣еĸᣬһڵſڡ
ԱһСſڷŵҡҡõŶӣյҳϥǵСվԱߣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀű˼µС档

ڼʻϣƴڷ̣һĻ

ȴһ˳Լʣѧ޸Ϊʲô
Ϊ˼̳үү²Ϊ˸õ

޾ƣ֮У񱼲˶꣬ȴԼڳһķ˫Զֱ׵۾˿ûվӣܸо۵׵Ĺڽʧɬգ۶һѵľٶ

ʱԼĹͣʱһܿһɤӡ
ôֱ棬ĵޱϲ
ͺ磬ĮȻġ

˻ڿˣӣ˽ȥ
ʱ䱼֪סһҲ֪ſھͣλֱӿȥ

ֻҲõ磬Զ
ȥãָʱ䱰СʱǰԼ˸绰ػûӵ

ַһ΢ţ°ˣȥˣ㼸
ûأʮǰַһ
ʱ䱣ǽˣ

֪ΪʲôһѾ͸һС

Ѷ΢ţ׼ظ˭֪һ̧ͷͿԱһӿ˹ΪûλԷֱǰ濪˿

һ˵Ŀճλͣ
СǸС·ƶֻɵУ¥ǰͣλѹû·ơ

ѿ³֮󣬴Ӻ˶
ųӣԪſʱһھӱźӴ¥

ԷҲǱѧĽְʱͣкŮ˻СӤʮǻЦֵ͡

ʱһۣ䵭忡¶һ˿Ц⡣
ָͷСӤ¡
ѿˣ̲סĽ

ڣһ˻˻ؼԷĽ˵˼ҶһҲ˿Լá

ʱͦһˣԼŮѡ
ԷƺҲ˵ʲôԣǺЦӴŮˣҪȻ֪˻Ҵء

֪ʱסһСסһ¥

ʱ䱲Ը˵⣬ǸȻģִк׼¥

ʱ³ƿţͿںʱ䱡
׼ԪŵĸʱͣסŲͷ

ڿѵһ˲һֱ䵭²ûʲô̫ϲı飬ȴͬѩڣ۵׶ŷһĹʡ

ܹȥֱס˵Բֻûˡûӵ绰

ʱ§סղĳ˵Բ𡣡
һ̱ѲŸоڼ粢ȫȻĮȻġ

ôˣƺĲԾʵ
룬С˵̫ˡ
Ȼͷ˵˵Ҫұ㣿

ʶ˵ֲСӡ
оղǸźӵˣһֱûԶ˵˼һڿء

Ҫ𣿡䣬ȴ๵ʵ

ԥ˵Ҫұ㣿




48.   48    ҼҲ̫¡

ʮ

̲ס, ȥ̽Ķͷ㻹Ǹʱ𣿡
ǸһʼĮ˵Ҳκİ˵䵭, ·Ѿϱӵļ, ǰˣһ۾ܿ飬Ը

ƺԥ, ʱ˫֣˵ñҡ

ʱ䱵ͷת, ȥ
һ, ȥ, ¶ĺ, ԭЩɵĳ

ǱƻסһĬƬ̣˳ȥ

ִļ, ſ󱳡
ȷ, ʱվѵͷϻųеĹ, Ȼ, ̲ס˵ҪҰôӰɣ

ãʱ䱵Ȼؾ, ˵һ

Ц, ȷʵһ
˶ſϣãԼãܵ

˵ݿ, ʱְ˰ť
ݶһ¥ֻվڵݿȵš

𣿡̲סʵſĺ󱳣ŷ˱Ҫȴ̲סԼء
ʱƽȷѾһ𣿡
Ȼ

̫ˣ΢ͷһ۵ϷԾ¥

ֱһŴ򿪣߳һˣǣһСŮ
СŮŹɵƻͷ۵СȹӣգŴ۾ǡ
˼߳ݵʱͻȻСŮ˵ְ֣ҲҪ

ԣСŮְֶȻܾѾǴˣԼ·
СŮƤվԭأԸˣһίĿԱߣ˵ΪʲôԱỤ̋ҲҪְֱ

ͽȻ䣬ݿڣĺ⣬˽ԳĬ
ƺһ͡

ֻˣƣгĬףֻ̧ϰԵ³ͷŸյʱϥǸߵСȻСѣڱ̣ǱŶ

Ӱְֳױסĸоһ𾪺æ˵˼Ӳ¡

ʱ䱸պð˵ݰťٴλ򿪡
תͷҲ΢΢ǸӦ˵˼ҼҲ̫¡

˵꣬ѣȻ˵ݡ

ֱŻպϣﴫеĻеѵ£Ȼһʱ䱵ļ
һ̤û˸ղ侲Ȼģ


Сӵں˵˵ʲô

ôˣʱ˹ʵ
ƣЩ˻ţѾˡ
Ǹ

˵˵ʱЦ˵ղ˵Ĳ̹ͦġ

ʱʱ䱶ãȷʵǲƵ֣ʲôʱ򣬶ܰڳһ̹ȻģĵٻţԼק
Ҳ֪ôģͦ˵ġ

ĻһٴοĲ΢ţϢôǳǳƤϡ

ʱ䱱վĺȣϵĵݹ΢ƵĹߣȾӲ˼֡
ܳԵͷȼá

ѧģ˶˵ͷһУʱ䱾֪ҲǱүǹˡ
ûһãͷСһȳ

ƺ΢˵㣬ƶĲĽӽζƺڶ΢ŨЩ
Ǽսϸ¡

˭֪ȴͻȻҶ

ţЩ죬һֱſţûҶǸղ΢΢ս˵㣬ȻĿ˸ʱ䱵Ķ䡣

Ƥ׵İףԴ˿̶䷺Щԡ

ʱ䱣һ䣬õŴ򿪣ʮ¥ˡ
ʱһ߱˵ݣһ߻Ӧţ

ָŰϵָϣͬʱһֻȻĶڶ£ɻʣ֣ҲǺȣôĶô죿

죬͸żʲô֪
ȴƫƫҪʡ

ʱһԲĽ˱ŵĴӣһ˵ϣĳȻźţñϵ䲻ͷһ

ֱֽӱĽŸµ˲䣬ס˳Ƶɳɳ֮ǰҲ濴Ӱȴ֪ɳȻô

ͬݽɳһʱ䱵ϥɳϣ˫ֳ࣬ɳһ仰ûУͷ
·˻ҩһӣͳ

Ƿˣ䵭һϣлǵı£ʵʵţҪܾĿ̣աȵĲ񻰡

ڣʱɿָ£΢ţЦЦʵ˭Ķ죿

ҲԴ鶯ɳƣе٬
ֻõȥ

Ȼ֪һܻᣬû뵽ôᡣ

һק̹ʲô£̹ȻԵѣһְ̣ĳ

ƫƫЩˣշĳ̶ȣѶ̾Ϊֹ
˵⻰ʹվ˵˰ɣȥ


ǣ˵Էʱ

һ缲ǣתۼеɢ֣һ˿ת˳

ŷ֣ԼЬӻû
ߵЬӣŻأֱӴЬߵɳϡ

Ѿ˻ˮϴˣûһв˵˵ѹڵϷȳƶֹɵ졣
òȥˣ

Ѳһӣܿ죬ˮˡ
飬ȴһ˿

ùϢʣãҪҪһҪɲȥˡ⹷ȵ̨治˴ĵط

һƷ
ѣڸʱ䱼
Ǹòô͡
Ǻܿ죬ʣǣż㣬Ӧûܴʱΰɡ

һ۾ͿҪ˵ʲô

ѣֻǹ
극أٺٺ١
ı飬ĻܿðĻɫϡ

£ֻظһؼҡ

ô𣿡

ⲻԼ֮ǰϰٶϢŮҪСĵһԼʹؼҵˣΪ˶ǾĲһξϴ

ϴڸʱ䱼ȥ·ӣŷ˵ҲȻ
Ƕûʶһиʱ䱵ˡ

ѾŮϵŮĲӦòô֮⣬ʱ䱻ûֵ顣

ѣ˵ʲô£һ˻ڼ֮ȥ𣿡
һ˵أᡣҪеĻҪô˲̫УҪôŮ̫С

ѿ仰ʣʲôŮ̫У
û

ѵͷһԼɴŽīɫȹĴһ򲢲ԸУΪʵԵЩء
ҲⱣأǹװƫΨ
Ӧòûɡ

ѵ˵

ĹͻȻӦ˹
ʵĻֻ¾ɡ

һ˾ԣ϶žϴǳǵĸڣӦÿܡ
Ըȥˣ

ѣŶǡ

ҲϷˣοҵѣżʲôѽԽǳס˵Խ㰡ָˣͰϴģ˿϶˯꣬һӵ顣

ѵ˵ͷ
ظ˼ǣʱڻûǸһӣ

Ϣʱҿһ
ܵĽǶȣ㹻档
ˣΪʲôôܾˡ

ŮţǼȫЩָܾ

к˼ҸڣϽû˵Ҳ˼ˡ

ǹҲʲôѸɴཫֻӵԱߡ
Լȥ˳

վڳŵıԵſ濴ʵҪҪҰæ
Ϳһ¡

ʱûоָܾ˵С
ȻܣԱ߹ȥȥ룬Թ֪ĵط˭֪뻹ûͻȻվֱ壬ԭϲӵĸʱ䱣ֵͷԼ

Сġʱ䱵

̧ͷͷˣڵż

ԱߵĹ죬޴ڸ˱˴˵ֱ˵Ӧýһҡ
ʱ£Ӧţ´һ㡣

ѷʣҽʲô
ʱ£֪ҪʲôȻһЦ̽ʵѣ

˹Ȼҡҡͷǡ
ҪʲôĶţʱ档

ֱ۾ֱˮҰ㾧Ө͸̺Ĵ꣬΢΢ϣ³֣

ң

ʱ۽΢һգ۵Ƶʶ
֣ʱԺĳңᳶ£ûϣǷ˵Ժȫ

ʱ䱺סĴʱѱŲ

ΪǶĻش𣬿Ⲣδ̽Ĵݣ΢ţڵĶͨ촽ȷĴݸ
촽ֵܵĶ

ĸ˵֡






49.   49    ˭ء

ʮ

ʮһ, ˲ͬ˳峿Զһ˪ƵãǳǳһƬˮ, ΢, ġ

бԵĽһƬǨӼǰʼ, ҼһſڶһĲֻ֡ϧţǽǸѪĲ֣ҲѾԭ, 

ס, , Ѿ·
ʱ䳤, סŵҪôǺģҪôĴߣ˵һӲΪ

ϰѧĺ, һͨӶҵĳ¹, Եøⰲ

ֱһ񷿵űϢĴ򿪣ͷϴŶñ, ü۵Ĵ˳, ϰԵߣȾһҹľζ, ӳһŻζ
Ҳ, ֻȥ

ӿмӣһǮһƤڶ
Ѿ˺Щ, ȻЩᣬȴÿ춼ˡ

˴޵ľƣˣҲ֪ûˡ

ߵڣҲ֪ôиӦʶĶ̧ͷڿȥ֪ʱվһźɫ׵ŮˣһͷɶɫԶվţ峿ԴһȦɵ

ҹͻһ꣬·ʪˣܵȫʪˮ
ǸƯĻȻǸġ

˵ɴ۾ţԷȻһЦϰ壬ǻ㣬Һһҡ

С㡣ƺɭѼǸķѧġ
ĳƺ׽ֹ
һϸ̬ȣϾһ˳˴ʦĹŵӣȦﲻ֪ŻҪ޸ء

ɭɥ֮Ȯ˲ûһϲޱȵʵҸʲôԹ޳Ĵ޻ҿɶǳ˱ȱ˸Ǯ

ʵɭҲ֪ԼǶǰԩͷ
һȷʵ̫ãҲȷʵҪѵıӳ֣ҲһԸһԸ

ɭ¶ҵԼˣûѡ

˿ֹ̧̣¶ϵĳЩεϰ徲ǲ֪ʱ䷢顣֮ǰиڼʵĻĿĻϣȻ£ָҸϻƼٷ١

ƤһƣԭżЦ˵ĮֱɭҲ֪Ȼҵ޸ģƷϹϵ㵹ãϣȻʦͷ졣

˭ĵӡ

ɭʱɭֲõĸоҲϻͷܡ

˭֪һתͷͿӵһˡ
һͷ̷ŮƵ˳֣ϰ壬þòѽ

ѣҪҸϾɱ𣿡ɭһͷͿһ˵Ӱվһ۾ϳˣ̡

ˣɭ̫ǵϸˡ
һСҪڹ߻ӵĵطվȽŸôûĴ֡
֮ǰѵիڹֿţտʼûʲôŪ˼ӣһͬеļʡ
Сָʹȥ
˭֪ãҲǳأһһ

½˾Ҳ£õʦݻ󷴶ЩµС֤ͣҲ¡

˭֪ߣĴ֡
رǸСѾͷ𿴸ӽССֺֺڡ
˭С

̧֣ɴףǸԼ׵ĺɫ˿ף˹ĳ˳ףЦҲ˵ˣҸԹ޳̸ϸϾɱǣȥ˵˵

˵ʲôɭĿͷ
¶Էǽڡ

΢ͷ鵭Ȼ޹Ȼȥ˵ˣϳһٻ˵ǸйءỳɵϣΪҵף鷳һ¾ĵ顣

⻰˵赭дȴЩɭ

˵ĵǺϾ飬ⲻȥΡ

֪գαصأѵȻһЦĵ˵ˣҪ㣬ֻܷɵƲãȥΡ

Σ˵ĵɣԼôȥ
ɭڶӽ仰ݺݵתһȦȴûڡ

Ҳ򽻵һˣ֪λҲǸģһϲŭ޳Ҫֻ˵Ҫ֡

ѣ˵ȻȰ˵ҪǱҵ㣬˵Ǹ첲סȱסϵס

˫Ư۾ɭ´˸ء
·ɭĸ첲ȣʱȥ

ƫƫɭȴ֪ȫŻԼ

ȷʵ˲С¶رڵղؼңʲô˶УЩƫŵҲϲŸӹһŪղ֮Ǿͻӱʲôᡣ
ⲻ֪ԽˣԽϵƭ

ɭ֮ǰĲٶЩ˵ģҲȷʵʵܶණټٲġ
ڣ֪жٵҪöȡ

һ˫۾תǲ˵ѺνЦЦȻԼ벻Ұ룬ø⡣

ɭ̧ͷʵʲô⡣

⻹š
ȻһЦָ̧֣޷ķβ˸ȫأѡ·
ɭרĶ

һԼĸߣʡĴҶҲÿ΢۾΢˺ٴڶأƴǰϣܵƤ֮ٸߡ

·;ͬ飬һ·
ǣôøߡ

ɭõٸק㣬ҿɲ¡ھǹŵĲ´Ьġ

תѵķ̵ǰ

һ룬ɭȴת˸ֱԼסǸطԭղߵʱţδϡ

̺˵׷ȥ
Ѹں档

׷ȥȥǸ񷿵ţˣҲ̧ţž߿š
ɭסһһ䷿ôĶˡ
վڶ¥ķͿ˴Ժ

ͷʵк𣿡

ûûаŵö¡
ЦŰο̣ǲǻˣǸͣǸͨ鷳ǣĶˣ

иţٺӵġһȶЩˡ
̴棬ŷⷿٺӶģиţźӣ˿ǾͿɭӺӶȥ

ǱΪסӿڵˣɭôӡ

û뵽Ȼܷˡ
ֻµѡΪӣӳȥ

̼״ҲҪסһô죬ųʲô

Ѳɾôˣü
ѣʲôҵһΣҵڶΡ

£ϰûͦҵġ

ܿ죬ɭʧǵ

Ϊ߻˼ҵţ̻һŵǮûҪʵǾ𣿡
ûзϣĸߴֶ˧ȷʵǸ˵ģ

󣬽Ǯ˼ҡ
ŷأ˭֪ǸճӣѾͽӵ÷֮ĵ绰

ιѸսͨ۾ƳԶһǨĺõ±˲֪İƽٺֱײĵƿ˹ȥ

ֻһ߹ȥһ÷֮˵ûץ

֪ʣĮ
ֱߵԣú󳵴ͼ½÷֮ŷεЦҾ˵ǸϺ꣬ץġ

ٽƻĺ꣬䵽

÷֮һƲͷϳɡ
ȴûӦ仰΢΢һЦ´֪ңҾöȡ

СҪϱ˵ȣ𣿡÷֮һЦ
ͼѵֻͻȻ˪̼䵭ЦȾǣͨ绰ʱ˵Ľء

治֪˵ʲôЦ£˶һϻؼҡ

˶
÷֮ЩЦֻһͱһ۷磬ݺݵĵ˻ֱѹҶϵ绰ſʣ˭

ѡѵȻ
÷֮ûʲôı飬ãʵʱ𣿡

⻰ﶺЦѣִڳϣ۾ֱȻ˵˭ء




50.   50    ĵףѾ

ʮ

̰ѳӿʱ, ѵĵ绰ûйҶϣʵѧУأ
ҲѧУҪȥﱣĿᡣʱ䱽͡
ȷʵ濪ŵ, Ҳϳ

ʵȥʲô᣿
ʱ˵¹ɽغĹַ, ֺıĻᶨٿ飬̸̸Ŀǰ޸ͱḶ̌Լ߿Ź

ΪĿ, Ҳйϵ
ʱ˵ĻǱȽϸ
ʵ翪ᣬҪ㵽ҼԷ

˵ϲϣҪϣʱ, ʱɳɶ, ҪǸϲ˵쵼, 緹ҪƳ١

˵绰֮, תͷ÷֮Ȼ˵ɣΪʲôҪң

ϳ÷֮΢ͷ
ۿ, һ䣺ҵĳ

˵, ͣڶĳ˳Ϊ÷֮˵˻, Ҫ, ˵ٵȵȡ

ǰ渱ʻޣڳ԰, ʵ˭

, ͼųֱ򿪣÷֮˽ڳ԰ǣһЦ, ֲˡ
ޣ

̳߿һۣ۵ˡ
޲Υ磬ֻܺݺݵĻͷ÷֮Ǹֽϻ÷֮£Դһѡ

޴󺰣ҲСˣôŪҡ

ˣ˵˵ɣתͷ÷֮Щ䣺˵ôôײ鵽ɭ飬ֻ´һ¿ʼûӹɡ

÷֮˵ԩˡ
ɭϢȷʵҵģϾôһͬ룬ôҲҪ̵ʱ䡣

Цԣҵء
أҪȥ֤ףΪʲôҪţֱӰλãͺˡ÷֮Ȼʵ

ϵЦ⽥俴ò˵ΪҪУõƷ˵Ϣ
ҪУҵǸˡ

˭÷֮һο״̵ģ
ܶʱҲ䣬ǵģ˭⣬۵״źâ̵ģ÷֮δ

ѣĺǣҶҪҵˡ
ֻƺ㣬˵˵仰Ͷ±տڲ̸

*

߸ʱ䱿ǰﱣģ¹ɽַķΪ֮ǰ̨Ūֱֳһȶȱը¹ɽ֪ȶ١
¹ɽһũ֣ҵĺ

ԭֻǸŵҵ˭û뵽Żܴôȶȡ

ⲻλĿǰŽȣһǣȷֻڵĿȡ

˵ҪлǵĸڣҪ¹ɽֱַɲôķ죬ⲻ̨ǺüΣ˵Ըһרá
⻰ֵĺ˵ģھҪ

֮ǰٰ콻ᣬа︵ʱǵĿĿͶʣֵġ

̨ǸֱҲǣߴš
ΪֱĿıԭھǸ˵ĺպüһ

ʱ΢΢һЦԿŵоҲƤë׶ΣҪȲɷãҾǱѧϵλڣΪʡ
ѵʦ֣ʱ䱻Ҳ˵Ŀֻίл

ǶһĻ޿˿̳һۡ

ԴϪֱ󣬻޿ҲûˣȻ֮ǰż΢ϵһΣҲŹţϵĸʱ䱡

ܿ죬ֱǶǴҪģ˵ĿǰҪĻǴĿǰЩ
ıĵ˵ĿǰﶼѾʵ޸ֻиʱ䱽ڸĺſȡ򣬾ĳ⣬ڵصǧ֮ãˮʴﵽ500%

Ŀǰѡһأȡ޸ڶȱԺˣٽ޸

ֻǴسʼ˵ص£³ʪǧ꣬ڲ˴ˮ֣޸мܻ𺦡
ЩϼŴ֣ܿԽʱգ˽ǧ֮ǰҪ;

һҪǰ޸ÿˣǧˡ

иר˵ҿʱڲȡȡʽҾõҲżҪȼо޸

ڣʱ㸺ĺſӷģҪҲ˵˵ıΣѯʵ
ʱ䱳˼˻ᣬɫЩࣺҾãӦþ޸򡣱ϾѾϵֻܹǽһհ׵غʷ

öֻ˵Źڹ飬Ҳʤ
޿ţĸ¡

ʱʱ䱲ǰ೤ҲӢδСȫܣͨӦӢӢѧУɶԻ
ʱӢʦϲľӢĶ䡣

Ҳ͸Ų䣬ԳΪŮഺõĻ䡣

ߣʱ䱱һרң档
޿½Ųλר뿪ߵʱߣȻЦ˵˵¶
šʱǸ䵭ģ

޿ΪѾϰˣһ뵽ϪģͻȻĵίӿǿѹί˵ǣǸǸѧϰίԱ㻹ǵðɣӹع˵֮ǰûǵʮ༶ۻᡣ¾һΣһͦͬģԾͶ㣬ҪҪҲμӡ

ʱתͷ䵭Ҫ

˵ģ޿ô䵭ȴһа㣬ƴﹴ

ʣŵ˵֮ǰǰ༶ίԱʲôۻ飬ҲߴŪ

Ǹʵûʲôʱ䡣ʱ䱵Ȼܾ
޿΢ҧŴ˵һϣѧϰίԱԴӴѧ֮󣬾һֱûξۻᣬ˶ȥġ

˵˵ţԽԽС

ʱ䵭˵ȷʵûա
˵꣬˵ˣת뿪

ڶ𣿡ͻȻվĻ޿ں

ʱ䱽Ųһ٣תͷһۣȻҲû뵽ô˵Щ̫ķʣΪʲôҪ㣿
޿ǰ֪֮ǰϪ飬ȷʵ㲻ˡĽҲ֤ҵʱ˵ĻûдѲȥǼµĻҲɽǸˣ˴¡

һֱ޿Լί

ô˵꣬ʱ䱰Σһֵ΢Ŀ˵ԭ㻹ôġ

䵭û޿˲ãԼĵѾ̡

ʱƳһۣʲôҲû˵ת뿪

*

û뵽ʱ丵ʱ䱻
һʵľǣԹ𣿡

ɸʱȴʲôû˵ֱסϲ£΢һϵĻᣬûԡ
ⶼһˣЩգʲôᰡ˳ԡ

ɵǣ粻ڼңȥˡ
ʱ䱣ҽиͺˡ

ǰɣѺЦҼһҲ̫СŮ˰ɡȥţϾ

ѴӱҳС⽡
ΪرϲԣһֱС⽡

һ߽ˮһ߰С⽴ӱóʱվڳſڣͿСƵãææȥ
ֱˮ֮ÿӽһŪȥ

˭֪־ûպã⽽Ĺˮֱӵֱ
ףǱ̵˻һ

ʱһ˽ֱӽӹĶժ鿴ֱƣѶ˵û£ûôء

ֱ۵İ̺ۣüͷ

û£ƺҲ֣һֱԼǵ̿æԼֲ֣ں󱳡
ʱ΢΢һû鶯
ʣʲô

̫ˣ΢΢Ʋ죬ǰ˿ŵľãԼһ˫ȫƯ֣Ϊϰ߳ףְ׵⣬ƤϸָۣϸָǶƯ

ֻϧһ˫֣ƫƫֱһ㣬ª۵İ̺ۡ
һϵȵ֬һѷ졣
˭ˣֻÿϧ

ʱƣõҽסָȫܣûӰ쵽޻ǵ׻޷ϵ˰̳ȥ
Լ֣ĵҲһܰɡ

˭˵ˣʱơ
ѹҲǣʲôģ͵ҵһССϾҪ̣Ǹ˵ѼӲء

Ǵ¹ɽգøʱ䱳׿Լġ
ȷʵΪº󣬹ϵˡ˳׵ĵת
˸ʱ׷

ʱ΢΢ͷһΣĴֱ繵ǵ̺ϣһǡ

գ˶ߣ˵ĵףѾġ




51.   51    Ҳϲ͵Ů

ʮһ

СԺ, ٽ죬ԺĻܵĲ࣬ǿϵҶӶĹͺͺġ
ӿ￴ȥ, ԵЩ塣

ʱԭڳ, Ѽˮģȥýͺ͡

ʱ򣬼ʱڽӵ绰

, ֻһ˵
Ӵġ

ʱָף£ָָƿ, ˵, յ, ˵绰, Ϊ£
ûǸȺ㶼֪ڳŶѹЩͷ۵̫Ѩ

ÿҽԺĿԶԱ, ӿڴͳֽ˽ȥ
һ߰Űťһ˵˭֪ҸĹϵ, ҪǲȥĻᱻˡ

ûաʱǾ仰

ӣ, , һȺﰬһٱ飬Ϊȥȥͬѧۻᡣ

˵ô, ʱȴԽ䵭Ǿۻǵ, ѵҲȥǾͲˣ

ǲۣǾ۵ûôʽУЦϾȻô겻, ǽɻĴ˵㶼֪ңŰŴ㡣
ȻбҵѾܶꡣ
ǰ¹⣬رǳഺİܻ꣬ΪŮĵףǵĴڡ

Ҹʱô꣬װס
ٻ޵롣

˵㻹ǰ೤˵Ʋְɡ
ֻ¡ʱ̲סüģƺеܲô

һǿȺ˵ֽȶΪʱ䣬Ͻ˸еĵض˿ڿȣԹ˵֮ǰһȺۻᣬأ㽵£˵ڳòǰˣϾҲʮˣˣˡһЩŮͬѧҲûôǿϣμӡ

Ǻˣûֱˣ㶼ûǼȺľ

ܶУ԰һܱݵ̬
һѧУ֮Ѹٺչٵ꣬ʮɱһһĲɣ塣

ʱ䱳ֱϣһ״ӣòȻʱ˲𣬿³忡ģ
ʲôʫԻ

ҷˣΪʶСˣ㶼֪ҵΪ㸶˶١

ੲݵ˵ţͻȻֹ˵ˡ
Ƕ棬ͻȻһЦǸ

ԱǰɣͻȻһ䣬ʱ䱰ֻŶãһЩ̵Ķ䡣
ҲûȰȰѣҪԶô䣬ҲӴӴ

Цʱֻƣ˵ҾϲԶࡣ
ֻһˡ

ӣ

˵绰֮°ͣʵΪʲôȥμӰ
ûʲô˼

ѵ˵ͷһΪʲô㲻ء
֡ʱݺ£ǳͷ
ѣǾȥ¡

ʱ䱵û뵽ȰԼʣȥ
ѣֻǾȥһûҽ˵ˣҪǲȥǻġ
ùʱ䱲

֣֮ȷʵŮ𣬹Ҫʲô¶˲ֵģӦ
ʱȻҪĶ࣬Ͳˡ
״򲻶ģ

ϣʱ䱴ѧУؼҺȸӴ˸绰

ۻĵַĶʵ
ҲǸյң̱ɳϣ⻰ôͨģ

ûͨʱ䱵һ㶣ĻûʣʱѾɻ˵ӦллŮѡ

һûðֻҧгʵʱ䱣ɫѵǲе̫ˣ㣿

ɫѣ
ʱһƵѵַ΢ϣˣһҪŮѴ绰ء

Ŷҵĵ绰ŷ֣ԼղžȻûü

Ůǰɡֻ²ۡ

*

ĩøϹգѻһԷ
Լģ˵տһŪĻͦߴϵģƷҲ

Ҳ˵˽ϸһ𣬡Щʧʵ

ѽԼݹȥɣͬѧۻᣬˡ
ȻиͬѧۻᣬƲƲ죬˵ԴӸбҵ֮ҿҲûǰ˾۹֮ǰȺﻹһܷټģȥ

˭ǡֶϵˮ

ѸΪܷĹϵŮģû˵仰ҵô꣬Ƕϵ

ѸĺӲ𿪣һ߲һʵʲôôһС

һ򿪣־Ȼһɫӣһɫɽ軨
ԲۣҵѣֶڲȻûŲȥУ̫Բˣҵûؼңԡ֮ںúò𡣡

ҡͷһ𣿡
㵱ȻڣһµĹء

һλϣ޹˵
ݣʲôܵ㣬ŷ֣ȻЩޣϽǸ˵

޹ɵ㣬㲻øҿģҶԡ

ɣǸԻʲôԵĺܿģֱ˵
ҲԼݸ˵㣬Ҹġ

ӴڻѧأôƷѵģǲ޵ĶȴЩ˼

޸Ͻ˵дǮģ֮ǰҸѽ㵱֣ÿ¶ҷʡҲǵġ
ȻҪѧżҪ֡
ɸʣֻǹʸǰǲܱȣѧѡ

һｫ⣬ɫѸɣ㹻ڱһ׷ӵ׸ֻΪѣŻһֱסСԺ

Ҳ̲סķ

޿κε̾˿ôҵСӡ

ˣͬѧۻĶʵ
ҡͷûʡ

¥Ͼа䣬½¥ʱһģ˽ȥʱԭ̸Цİ䣬Ȼһİ

ҵģ˭ϡ͡
ⲻǸ񡣡
༶Ŀǰõһˣе쿣ǸIT˾ϰ塣

ĿǰITǰҵҵųǵһͷײϷڣܸ𿴵ѾѧУֻǸвѧ
˼һĺá

Ǹа༶֮ôۻᣬҲΪڣǮҫ

˼ȥǾøǰͬѧҫǵ⡣
ƽʱЩۻ飬Ͱطôô͸ȫһ

ˣҲȷʵвԸŵģҶͦʵġ
Ѷ·һֻͷͬѧ

쿸Ͻǰӭӣһ̬ڣɡ

ܣ⻰˵Ҳ̫˰ɡԱиͬѧܲ˵첲һƤҪĸо

ʱ䱿ˣЦǳҺãþòˡ

Բۣ䵭ֻ½ҪĳЩŮͬѧ

Ͻһкһʵڣڻڱѧ
Ȼʱûôڰ༶ۻֹ飬ڰ༶ﲻܣǰΪֱ飬ϱһѡ

ѧĿϵ񣬳˧˵ҵԡ

ţڱѧϵʱ䱵ͷ

ۻһٴ˶׷ʸʱ⣬ҲҿӺãȻ䵭˵ɣǺнʱش

˶һһڣ˵ǽҸʱ䱾ͺãýнڡ

ôа⣬ǽڣͬѧƺǲٵģЦǺǵ˵ǰӸһ˴к㿴Щ۸Ǯģϲ˵ʲôʿƺšϾǮǮǿʵʵʵѧ

ԹԣϵˣĨ۵ġ

ʱںڸλõĻ޿΢΢Ц⿴ĵ޻ϲ׻ˡ
ԭʧ飬һֱȸԾ

ȻɻǰԼĻ˽ȥǰɡ
ҪȻôԸء

޿ЦŶǰСƺҪǵƣӸϽ˵ô˼㵹ƣ

ҽҲǸæ˰ԱŮͬѧ٩
ȻǸ˵ģ۾һֱʱ

һŮŮУҶǺ쳾һˣ϶ٶ˵ʺͲɣΨ䵭ɸͨ͸Ǹմ쳾䵭롣

У㹻öΪ֮۷

޿ǲǾڼ棿иŮʵ

޿ͷұϾıĵģĿϵ֮ǰǴ¹ɽغַ򣬾һġ

һġ
֣㹻Ľѡ

ֻڲһȦͷʱǶʱ򣬻صضͣ˼룬ſɵë£˼򵥵Ĵţɾһˡ

ҲǸ˧磬ǸһȰɣ˵ֹ˵䵭

ûһ쿺ͬѧȥ̣˻֮ﻹһ߶

ôƯ϶Ůǡն
˵ܰɣҪôʶ

쿣ˣȦŮ̫࣬Ǹʲôһǧ˰ߵ֣ģú졣

ʲôأô֡иŮʵ

Ц£ղ̵ʱһǽһŵƯ˵Ǹǣ˵ǡ
ĸǻڴԷҲɡԱͬѧ˵

иŮͬѧ˵ʲôƯǳȥһȦֱӰѻ궼ûˣѲɻǵУ޿ͬѧƯ

˵޿һЦ

и˵ûӣֱ˵û˵ţƯһġ

ŮͬѧȻЩҲ߻޿һȫİŮ˱ǻеͬиõζ
Ůǻ˵ʲôѽ޿ڣҲǴ˺ðɡ

еľϲ
ǣһûС

ͬѧҲ˵ʲô˼ʲҪ̫ãرŵ·ʲҪ̫߹Ŷ

ⳳ֣ͻȻʱ˵ôݴʣô찡

ʱڵͷֻ÷΢Ź
ѣѣͬѧۻ𣿡
ʱ䱣̫أ

ŵƬֳŮĵĵ⣬ɫһɰķۺɫᡣ
ѣƯҲܿġ

Ц£Ҫ˵ͻȻԱߵ͵ص¸ʱ䱡
𾪵һ䣺Բۡ

ʱ̧ͷͿǸִͬѧͻȻֻ͵ĵƬŰɫ۵Ĺﳤ磬޷һö鷢
ǰһɫ⣬ŷɫᡣ

Ǹ⣬ڼǰڸʱ䱵ֻ

ִˣǻҪ˵𣿡ͬѧ˵Լ׶סŮ졣

˭֪˿̣һĮ˵ɾ
ͬѧȵĿʱϣۿǵĮġ

⡭ôˣ쿼һ½̲סϡࡣ

ʱ䱻վԷԽ䣺ɾ
Ҳϲ͵Ůѡ

˻һѻȸ




52.   52    ڣһԶѡ

ʮ

Ůѣ
ʲôŮѣ

ֱʱ߳, ղһ±ıӣʱֻѼ˲併ٵᣬµһͿ

ɾƬͬѧûڵ治͵, ;˼ҳƯ, һš
ãġŮֻ

ŮͬѧһĸӴʲôʱŮѵģ֮ǰֱʱ򣬲˵ء
ںİ, ۵ȴ˵

˸ǰӰɣҲû˵Ҳ̫

ڻһ, Ŀ޿, ˼ҶٻǶ֪ġϾӸпʼ, ǰΨһ΢㸵ʱ䱵ġ
ҲմӵĹ, Ϊӹϵãָʱǡ
ܻᱻһ

ʱ䱿ѧʱ򣬳˵, ״Ԫ, Ȼȥѧ˿š
ʦͬѧһƬȻ

ɸ˳ϵ, ޿ȻҲȥ˿ϵ
˴Ӹеѧ, ͬѧ

ղŻ޿˵ǹкô, ʱܵŮ, ڿܣֻҲҸоˡ

޿ղŲ˵㹤˼һ𣬸ʲôʱҵŮ, Ȼ֪иŮͬѧĺĺ
޿ʱɫɷףϣһԲ

ˣˣ޿ֲʲôˣô¶֪
ǣȻ˧ҵŮѻǴŮ
ϧղǸƬҾͿһۣûôϸء
ҪǲµĻ˾¥أԼȥ¡

һһʱ򣬸ʱѾ¥£ͦģҴֵʵҲͦ˽ܣһŵġ

ֱڽ﷢ǡ

Ůմŵ⵶׼е⣬˵һ飬ֱӵݸޣһ飬͸ݡ

㣬ǣһɡ޲˼Ҫ
ֱӷǰҼʡ

һſĽ¡
ڴڽڽĽðĸôƷ

ҲϡѵȻ
һеһҡͷˣʮˣҲֺԺȣˡҲе㣬ٳڡ

ѣһͦϲԵġ
ȷʵͦϲģСʱϲľǹա

ֻʱյ⣬ɲôƯСʱĵ⣬еʵͣɫĻмǽдϹ˵֡

Сʱĵϣƽտ֡

ѡƽ
ʵ˵֣һģһǰְֵġ
Ǳ·ߵģĸʲôϢûи£Լһգ֪

ԭüӣա
Ϊ£ҪŸְһա
ɴཫգĳ˸ƽһա

ѵͷǰĵ⣬֪ôЩ£ӣͷһ㵰ϵͣͽߣԱһó𣿡

ʶתͷȥͼʱվԼࡣ

ô־ϲ
ʱṴ£˵Сġ

΢΢ͷ˿ϣŪ꣬ʱ䱵˵ͬѧۻ¥ϡ
ôɣЦ¡
ԭԱߵޣѾʮֹɵĶĵӣֱ˶档

˵¡
̧֣׼зԱһµĲ;߹

ãֻǹʱ䱼˵
ƽʱҲǸ罻ţ֢һ쵽Ҫýõѣ˰ǰˣʲôûˡ

˵ǹǸоͬѧҲõѡ͸ӵĹϵ

ãǸʱ䱣ѵѣʱк
浾Ļصãǹ

к꣬ʮŮλϣĸƵá
޶ֵĿһ˵㣬֮ǰһֱ˵ڵġ

⺢ӣһЦ޵ĺףҪٸҶ˵һϻԼͰڵ
޴ҲĲΣգ˵ҿЦġ

ǣݾͦЦģЦ¡

ʱ䱵֮ǰ¹ɽֳɡ
Ȼǵãܳĸо

ʱ䱣ϾõѣҲǾ

֮ǰһ˵˵ʱ䵭ô飬ǽӴŷָʱҲô
Ȼְ˵ЦԸ񣬵ȵŸ
øʱ䱣ͦģִаյĺ

ҲǾĴϽʱĴȥ

΢°ͣŤͷͬѧۻô
áʱɫƺûʲôҪĵġ

˻ϾʱһȥͷͬѧߴΪʱ䱹ϵõˣֻ

ҽȿˣк
ӹ˵ȥϴּ䣬ԭŮˡ

˸Բûеѵֱ˵ڰ﷢飬ʱһۣҲǺܸʲôû˵

Ҳ˫£˵ҪǻȻȥѷ꣬˼Ҳúø۹ա
ţʱ䱵˵ͷӸжĲҪᡣ
û뵽Լ˵ĻȻôú

»ȥ¥ʱ򣬸ʱ䱵ͷһԼֱٴСʱҾ뿪

úúá˵ʲôء
½ȥ֮ǰ͵ѵͬѧϽ˵ڣĲǹҪ͵Ůѣ;ǹ̫ƯΪĸء

ϻ˵Է˵
ͬѧҲ׾ƣֱӺȥ

¶ǿ˹ȥ

¥£Ӹʱ뿪󣬾ͿʼпҾø䵭ˣͦůİ˵Ļرġ
ûů㣬Ϊҵѡ

˲ס

Ц㿴Ǹʱ䱡
Ŵ￴һۣ㱻
䵭Ҫ˵Ҫ

һƿƣ֮࣬ЩģĵԱߵ˵ݣҪҺһ
еģҸ粻ҺȾơ޵Դҡĸ˹һ

֪ѴȾƣѹҲȰ

˻ûȥϴּ䡣
ҵҲ¿ģһ㲻̫ãϴּ䶼ڶ¥

ϴּĸ֮վϴ̨ǰ׼ϴ֣Ů綼ʱ־£Ѿɴ¶·
һҲ¡

ԹԵóںͷ۱ʼԼױ

ϴ̨ϴ֣˹ĳֽϸµĲ˲Լֱ֣ԱڻںŮͻȻŤͷѣ

Էô׼Ľг֡

ѽ򣬡ԷЦ£˲ڼϵͷŬ¶
ֻױ̫Ũ续Ƥһ

ѧ˵˵˽⣬˰죬ûϳԷ

Էֻ˵һгһࡣǳһ༶İһ꣬תУǰɡ


һǱ͵ؾסɳĵط궼ûгУԴŹøйùðᵽ֮󣬾Ҳûлȥ
ԣĹ磬Ҳĵط

ôǸǰһƯͦĵ˵ǲҲǰƯˡ

ͦĿ˶ԷһۣڴԼĺõļȡھһеƬΣ֮ԻܼǵãΪԷʱѧУѾܸߵ
ʶָɸ磬Сȴƫ磬ΪȾУȸ⣬ȫУͨ

ȷʵ벻ǵãܡ

Ư£ɨչǣǰȷʵһ

þòѲ֣½״ϡ
ǵöһǺЦ£ʵڱʲô

δ˶㲻ϵˣʵûʲôȤԷѣֻ˵ְҵ
Ҳ䵭

ش̽ףټ

ϴּ뿪ȴǾͷ˵ĳأһϣͻȻ䣬ȥļ䡢ȥˣͻȻϮ
ԱиС̨߹ȥ˴硣

˭֪ѣϴּ

˵ǸͬѧͦģҲõţͦиҴСʡ
ʲôѽ۹Ҳ̫˰ɣʲôǧС㰡

ͼʰɡѺЦ˵
˵˽˽⣬һطġּһӤֻǸɵӣǱ˭֪

ɵӼ˸ӤƺȤҲżذᣬֱӰϣʣȫ

ЦǼҲͦЦģ˲ҪСǸɵաм˸ʲô飬Ǹɵˡ˵˵Ǳġ

ôģ

£Ҳ̫ǵãҾͼǵһûѧҾ˵ְˣ˵Ȼ˵СӲˣǸɵӰְֲͱˡ˵Ͷҿûְְۣȷʵͦá

ƮǴЦ⣬͸Ŷ񶾵ĳ

紵ѵʱԺз·һ
ѣܡ
ܡ
ѣҪͷ

ҹУƴ󿴣Ҫȥ׷Ǹиģˣס֣ɳƵߡ


һҵĽȴԭѾˣһ

ΪʱҪ뿪쿸ɴкǰһ̯ʱҶڴף⶯˳ȥš

ôˣŮͬѧʵ

һſǻŮĺ
ֱſڵͻȻת˵ⲻǸŮѡ

˳嵽ſڣͿȣųȹŮֳĲƿһһεµѪ˿ں㣬ǰߡ

ǰĵϣиŮſڵϣԷ˫ֳԼˣź
ղ˵ʲôųĹ΢ͷͷĵƹϣһȴ˸оĺ£ƺૣ

Բ𣬶Բ𣬡ղܵʱ򣬾½ţˤڵϣ¶Էǰ˵֮ǰĻ

ɻǵãԼ˵Ŀġ
ͻȻԱС̨ǱߣһˣʱͦΣҲû̫⣬;˵˻ץͦġ

ҲתԼİᡣ

ֱһĮֻͣǸ˵ֻĶڼҿ԰㡣

Įһ룺

˵꣬һҲ֪Ѵõһղƿ
ǲװƷֻƿǽϣ˿ֻ꣬ʣ°ƿڣΪˤģƿڶѴֲ롣

ʱŵõܣŲʮ׵ĸ߸Ь
ûܳȥֱˤ˵ϡ

Уˡ

ӣӣһֱŲ·ôܡ

һ˿̱ɽϵĻѩҪ䣬۽ͨ죬һ˿񣺡ԣΪʲôҪһء

ôңһƽĳס˷ɭϢڳ˶еӣôô˵

ĿԶˡ
ȴ˱˿赭дĴڡ

ƿڣҪĴԱ߳һˣıڻУѣѣ侲һ㡣

ãȻˣ·иˣһ

ǰˣʱ䱵
˫գѣʲô飬Ը˵

˵
ϵİؾƿ۵һ˵ϡ
̧֣ϵѪմ½ϣָϸʱ䱵ѪȾĲ۽ǻһᡣ

ûµģ£һᱣ㡣ʱ䱽ڻУһȰ塣
СͬǻĶ

ʱ䱣ſ˵Զ߰ɣ㲻ͻȻʧԲԡ
ᣬҲʧ

˿⼫·һĻǸȴĹһƵãͷ

ڣһԶߡ

һһ飬䷳ı֤š




53.   53    ٺһΡ

ʮ

ʱ䱽ѱڻ, ܵ״̬һ㰲ƽ߬죬ͷȥʱ, ķ޺Ͷͷȫϸ
ͬմˮ̳

, û°ɣѸϹӵϷ

ļ, ̧ͷңҪץ㡣
ǵ˵仰ʱѵӸʱ䱵Ļ̧, ڼĵط΢ƫ, ֱĿ, ˫Į
絶ӰֱֱĹ˹

ŵһ, Ҫ˵Ļ

ѵȰˣҲûô㡣ǲҲ

ûҪþƿӸҵ͡
ü, ˿Χ, ôΧء

ֵ֣㲻Ҳϲÿ, , ͷҪǱ˱ϣô˵, ΢, Щɲ
ڴСҲǸ죬Ҫִˣ˱ϵϣȷʵÿ
˵ʵ¶

ϵ, ǰ׸ء

ˣ߰ɣѵֱۣȥ׼һݻ
ѵٴζϡ

Įֱ׵ںڵǴ˱˪ŵٲ˵

ֻܸѣ뿪

ߺ󣬸ʱһѽѺᱧȥҽԺ
һֱѪҲ֪˵ˡ

Ӽ״Ͻǰ˵

¥£ʱ䱵ȥ˵һ
ԶԣҲ¥³Էҿղȥ֪޺͹ıߡ
ֱӹȥˡ

ʱڸʱ䱻ѣʧС

ôˣڿʱϡ·ϵѪŵøϽȥѣôˣ

ֱ΢ţѪȾ졣

ȱ˵ˣϽȥҽԺѪڻûֹסҽ״̬ͦżģкϳ

ʱ䱱ںλãߡ
ڸʻͷһۣӸղǿѿʼһ仰û˵ı۾ͬ˯˹ȥ

ʱ򣬶˵һ仰

ҽԺǰ·ֱӽ˴ңҽ󣬽ѵѼŷ֣һֱѪĵطֱۡ
ƿʱһöƬֱֱ
˿̫ˣŻһֱֹסѪ

ѽ㣬𣿡Աߣžžµ

Ƭֱﻹûʲô׷ǸһֱھҶ˿һƬѪģġƬȻѾҪˣֻһ㡣
ȸ˿ڣȵŰɡҽͷ˵
ʱ䱿ޣȳȥһ

ȻҲţҲ֪̫࣬Ҳô¡Ӿȴȳȥ˵棬Ӽɫãοģ˿ֻǿضѣǷ֮ͺˡҪȥƿˮ

ˣҽҡͷ̲סʵ׷ʲôˣ֮ǰ˵ȥϸϴּ䣬ôͻȻء

ͻȻͷҽǲ۸ѽ㣬˭
С۾ݺݵķֻʵǿɰźݣҲСŮеĽΡ

ʵûס£˵СѣҪǸĻǲǵȥ˼鷳

ǵȻˣ˭۸ѽ㣬Ҵ˭
ȭͷ׺˵

Ӽÿɰ̾˿¶ǵõѸ˵ɡ

ѵģҲǵһο
Ȼ֮ǰҲû¶ǵһμ棬һɡǸƭӷŵϪǸСŮİְ֡
侲ǵģֵģҲ

ҪȻʱ䱼ʱȥס

ָоĻǸŮ֣Ҿưոݡ

֪Է˵ʲôزģȻʲôͨ顣£ǵøʱ䱲ġ

һʱҲŪãߣǳԣЦŶޡ
޿һۣ˵Ҹ˵ˣҴʮϵˣӦý塣
ûʮ꣬꣬ε±Ǽ⡣
СﻹúŪء

ǿһۣĵĪĸо

ӻûƭߣԼȥ˷Ǳߣ˵ȵģʱ򣬾Ȼ޴һСǡ
޿ݹǣ΢ͣҶ˵ҲСˡ

ǺԼǡ
԰Ц£Ҫֽջһ˹ȥ
СֹС

ڣѰƴϣҽף˾䣺治ҩ
Ҳ򡣡嵭

ղҽ͸˵ֲҩϲʲô֢ѵȻ˾䣬ֺҪҩ

ҽȻֻ飬ϾЩ˵ʹ͵ߡ
ҩҲȷʵûʲôӰ졣
ԱߵĻʿߣڸ˿崴֮ǰ̲ס˵˾䣺еۣһ¡
šѴѪģֱۡ

ʿմҺֱϹһȦֱ֣ûһƺû

ȻʿֱϵѪۼøɾҽӹĻʿиʱ䱣ǰֱսҰѲƬʱܻᶯ

áҡͷ
ʱ΢˵Ҫұ㣿
Լһֻ֣žͺˡ

ʱֻܽԼƵݸסȻҽӣ̽˿Ƭʵ̫ˣȫ
ҽһסƬ

֮۵һ죬һ鲣ƬԱ߻ʿϡ
ƬѾѪȾ졣

ô󣬡ʿ
ʱϵƬдĴָôƬһֱѪǵڣһ۶ûк

ֻֻ֣Ϣ

Ƭҽüͷѣٴʵ治ҩ
ҡҡͷᶨ

ҽ֪Щ˾ǹִҽģּ

ֵģõġ
ĥԼûĥҽ

Σҽȥ˿ƬʱֱӽͷᱧסѹԼĻУû¶ܿͺˡ
һ˿ޱȵ

ѿĻУȵϢŷ֣Լо

ôһڣ˻ؼʱҪʮһ㡣
ҽԺſڣǵȥſǸգûá

ʲôѽʱ㻹˵Ļ̲סֱס˵ѣҪúõİ

ѣ̫ˡ
ȻҲ֪ʲô飬ܸܵѣǹѹֲסı˺ͳĬ

ôˣ͹ȥ
Ҫؼҡ

ֻܴһȥҵʱ򣬸ʱֻٰܰѹͻȥ

ллˣʱļ
ӺԼô˵ֻû°ɡǿ͸ˣ˳ơ

ϳʱС˵úúðοһѡ
ţ֪ʱ䱵˵ͷ

ߺ󣬸ʱѽȥȻȥϢ޲ĵĿֱۣʵѽ㣬Ҫ¶ʱҡ

֪ˡЦ£ʱ֣һ¥

˼Ϊҽֱ۲մˮҲû취ϴ裬ҿǶϴ˯£ϴּ

ʱ䱽ϵıӣƿһǡ
ϴţ´ѹԹ߹ȥֱϴ¡

ʱѱӸǺú󣬵ͷῴ
ͷƵĵƹ⣬ű˴ˣͻȻ˵Ҫߺòá

ʱһͼƿӣ˵һ
ǲ
ʱ䱷ֽѹļͣ㲻֡

ֻǸʱҪȥϴ裬˵ȥñ䣬򿪵һӣһ롣

ֻñ䣬ҵ¹
ʱͿ׸ɸɾ˯£İһ
һǳɫһ״ס
һпһŮ

صظ׼ģʱһͻȻЦ

ϴ裬ϴּͼĵƶصֻ´ߵСҹƣϵ˿Ѿƣ˯ˡ

ŵ߹ȥվڴͷһۡ
ֱͷ¡

ƿల£˵Ҳ֣ȫû뵽˵һͬȻ¡

صСҹƣ׼˯ʱ֣ס
ʱŲ㻹û˯

ûҵĻѾ˯ˣѵŨŨ˯⡣
ʱ޿κεĵһЦĵ˵Ǹûס

һΡ顣

ʱһȻķ˹ȥߵͷһƬڣΨ۾ͬˮ⡣
ͷĴ
˼࣬ˮڼžĿռ

ڣǽʱʱ䱽˱ڻУǿԵ˵۾˯
˯š˵

Σ˾䣺˯ţô졣

ʱΣߵ˵ٺһΡ
һʼûӦֱֵͷʶ

ٺһΣ




54.   54    Ҽõ޸ʦ

ʮ

峿, ѵʶ˯лʱ͸оůֻͣЩ, ۾ʱ, ͿһŽߵĿԼǰ
֪Ƥܰ׺ܺãô, ǹ⻬ϸ塣

ڸʱ䱵٣͸ͬү̵ֵģҲһ˿覴á

˿̷΢΢ҵĴڶͷ, ͦı, , °ϴ΢΢Ե, ˿ûӰ˿̵忡
ô˯ţɿôˡ

£׼ƿ𴲡

˭֪һ, ͻȻ˱˻ȥ, һ˯˯𣿡
ѣˣ
͵͵𴲵ʱˡ

ʱʵϢʱһܹ, ϾҪϿ, һߵ֮ǰѡ

ѽ˵͵͵, ´ŵ㡣
˯𣿡ʱ°͵ͷ
վһʱ, Ѿ;ԼôߵĸӣĵĶˡ

ڴϣѱ§ڻоԼҲС, ļôԽ˽ס

ѣп𣿡
ûУڿΡʱһ˵Ϣĺ󾱡

Ķͷ˵ҽ˵ֱۿܻգͷе̡
𣿡
ȥԼĶͷѴСʾͦõġ

ţȷʵеȥҩùʱ˵
ҽԺȷʵһѵҩоֹʹһ˿ڶյ֢״ҽҲԤˣǰҩá

ʱȥˮʱ¥ˣûһһӰܽѽ㡣

¥ѣҪʲô
˭֪Ϳ¥վһ˵Ӱһһŷ־ȻǸʱ䱡

ڣԹվ
ʱתͷݣôˣ

ľ˵ѽ㣬Ҫʲô

һ¶㣬û嵭һģֱҪˣܳʻһЩʱ£Ļص
޵ͷãȥ˵

ߵſڣ̲סһۣײϸʱ䱵ߣʣôˣ

ûûʲôСƤһ̵ȥ

ʱ䱵һˮֽҩ˽طʱѾϴּϴ
ȥϴ̨ĹóһȫµˢҿˢƽʱҲëһԵϴ

ҰҩˣԵʱ䱶

ֽһϴԱߵͰ˵ĶԻһƽƽ糿ĶԻǵһͬȻʲôûз

˵˴˵ĹϵǰԽһ󲽡

ѳȥҩ꣬½ϴͻȻʵҪҪùκҿ԰̽һ¡

ʱϴƵˮͷ棬ֱ¡
⻰תͷˮ˳Ķͷһει䵽°ʹ˫Ц˵û˵˵Ĺκǲܷġ

ôһ˵
˵ĴŸ¶ǣ˹κŮѣǲܷġ

ʱȻ䵭ȴ͸Ž˵ŮѿĻ

ѿűߣЦҪҰиͣ
ܷ㣬ֹκСʱ͹

ؼһ˰ɡʱ£˵

¥ʱ򣬶Ҳ֪˸ʱޣϾǹˣĸ̥һС֡
㷴ǶֱϵƣΪģһ߶С㣬治Ҷ࣬ʵе겻ҪͷҲҸݰݣ汣ӣȥȥ

滹¶ѵȻһЦ

ɫôˣ˵Ǹһ쵽ôʢưݷģƽԵ󣬲Żȥ

һ԰ǻҰ˵ֻҪ󣬷涼ᱣǵġ

ѳĸʱ䱿һۣͼ˵Ҫȥĩҿȥ£ǼּΪʶ
ŷģСʱ䱾ͻһͬȥ

Ѱʮк˼ϲЩȴԷ𾭼ΪȤЩķʣ
ĸڷСס
ÿƹŷΪ飬˿ûоġ

ں̫̫ϲ𾭷ҲҴȥʱѾΪʱʱһ̸ֱͷ
ҲпŵĴԣ˵ҵλ¹ڵ͵Ϊġ
Ҫˡ

ЦҲȥ𣿡
һ㲻ᣬʱҡͷ
Щ׷ʣȥʲô

ʱϿ£ִαϣѵõΪĵĽͣİŻ˽ʷʣһЩƷȥһ£ʦΪ𷨼Ϊĸɮпվͻȥ

ͻȻʵ˲𣿡
һĶӣ̸ȴϲ𷨣Ҫһ󳹴򣬶ţҲȫûпܵġ

֪ʱ΢ƤһۣȻԺʱʡ

Ժʱ򡭡
ѱ仰ֱŪһ仰˵ˡ

һԸ񲻻׺ߣǸʱһбò˵
˵ʱ䱷ЦҪĩ͸һؼң
ĩ𾪡

ʱ䱵һҵ˵㲻Ը⣿

ֱۣѽҾôҲõƺˣһ°ɡ

ʱ䱴Ҳǵ⣬ûټ˵
ֻ£ȴһһѵĵס

ŵԣĸڸʱҪҳһ̣ͻȻͳˡ

ѳôСʱܶ˶֪ӤǰְּģºܶСȡЦҲ˿ں
Ϊǰְүүǹùú͹øá
סũСʱʲôյ⡣

ÿ겻յ⣬רŵȫҳСºԽҲ˿ûзֵүүĳ谮

ں˲ں
ûиĸΨһˣֻйùһҡ
ļֻͨ˼ңҪ֣ḵʱļͥ

˼죬ıٴοһλ顣
ǹ֮ǰ⣬Щ˵֮ǰǱϽǱһλ޸רǰָǹʵǲɣλר˵û£ز

ż޸һ£ʵ޸רҡ

˳Ĭûͷ
иʵΣҲ޸ⷽרˣʶӦúܶ࣬Ҫ취

һΣһǱ޸֮ǰϽ˼ǳרŵļʵң˲ŻһרҡʱţֻҲϾ޸ɲС¶һʧ֣˭׳е

ҵиѡͻȻʱ䱿ڡ
Ļ޿ӿῪʼһûűʣֽͣϻȥ

ı˵ڣ˵

֮ǰҵĿŶﵣι޸ʦѣ黭޸רң޸Ҳһĵá

˵꣬ͻȻһ̶ԡ
˶Ŀȥͼ޿ǵͨ죬ĺ

ıһԼЩΣҲͦº͵ʵСΪҪԣ

ֻǾλС㣬λҵ޸ʦıڡ޿ĵȻûڣԼΪʲôʵ뷨ôֱӺ
˿˵Ŀ£ҲòӲͷƤ˵ɡ

ʱ䱻δǺһ԰ǻ˵ʲôҵ޸ʦ޸ʦҾڻַδ̫ؾɡȻȷʵʲôıĻݵ޸ʦҿԱ֤רҵˮƽһǹصġ

һ㣬ҲԱ֤ʱ䱵Ȼͬ

޿ԥıѣһڲԵǸӡ

˻Ȼ
յȻãоԱô˵Ļء

ǣʱĮ޿˵ջ仰
޿֪ʱ򲻿ܣڹԷۣĻᷢ裬Ժ޺޵˵ΪŮ𣿡

ǡʱ䱺õŻ޿濴ˣҵ֤֮ѣΪйϵҵŮѡ

ֻΪҼõ޸ʦ




55.   55    ޽⣨һ

ʮ

޸򣿡Ϣ, ҲǸ⾪ȡ
ȻȷʵЩ޸ľ飬ɴ󲿷ֶүүǱ޸ʼǣүү黭żԼ޸ľ, ҪѱḻĶࡣ

ʱ䱴, ôˣԼûġ
ֻǾú⣬Ϊʲôѡңȷʵֵͦġ

ʱЦ£Щ޿κε˵Ϊֻ, ֻб˲Żҡ
ü
˶ľɣ

˾һʮ, ʱһ仰, ѾʹŲ²⵽˹, ֱ˵ʵΪ޿ǲǷԡ

ʱƺ, ˵ѡ㣬ΪΪʵѡ

ģֱס, ͷ
Ƕ, Եø⽿ᣬ˫۾, ͡

ʱ䱵Ц£ҴӲù鿪Ц

Ѻܿɫ˵Ӧ֪, ÷֮һֱ޸īͼĻ, һƳ˵, ô׾Ϳʼ֡

ѴĻֱᵽ飬档
ʱ䱰ݵȻʣ, ʲô뷨

ʲô뷨
Ҫǰѿ϶Ҳģѡȥ޸īͼǿμĻֻҪϢųȥػдղؼҵྺġ

һĻ˭֪һ޸ʦ
֣ܱΪղؽ磬Ʊػᱻ׷Ϊõҵ޸ʦ

黭ŶһǼ۸ΪҲҪĺǻġ
Щղؼ˭ӵһʵ޸ʦ

룬żظңʱƺԥķ

Ϊĩ˶ڼûгš
ûһʱȥ鷿Ѹһվǰϸ˿ŷ֣ϾȻкܶ𾭡

ָָϵ飺ܿ𣿡
뿴ıҰãʱָһ

ѷⱾѾɣֽţЩȣȻġ
һ仰øʱ䱵Щ档

ʣһ£ܿⱾ𣿡

Ȼǣֵ˵ֽ棬Ц£˵ֽŷơữĳ̶ȣȷʵۿֻƲⱾаʷڵĩĻģҪǿֽװ֡ơ

ƺҲ£ָⱾ飺ʱڣֵĴĩ뻹ֹ鼮װơⱾ𾭵ֽȻǻֽ

ʱֽţҪΪֽйֽֽԼֽͭ⼸֣Ȿõľֽ

ѵӣʱЦ£ǰǣҵŮѣȻ

һʱе˵
ȷʵĳɷ֣õĿޣĵ׻̲סġ

ͻȻ˵ȥݰɡ
ȥʱû뵽ôһ䡣

ѵ˵ͷŽں޸ʦȥݣʲô¶ɡ

һжɣ˵߾ߡ
緹֮֮俪ǰݣеĲݼܸߣǹҼص㲩ݡڵĲƷǹһķḻ㼯˸ԹŴͭ鷨滭Ϊɫ˵Ʒߴʮ֮ࡣ

Ȼ޸ʦȴûݡ

ǰƱ֮˵˵طΪǰģ˵ۺϹ֮⣬רŵͭݡݡ黭ԼҾ߹ݡ

ΪĩԲݵ˲١
ǽȥʱøϴӴͳϣһȺУСѧ
СǸͳһԴϺñӣһεģߴߴĵͦɰ

ݲιˣŸʱ䱵֣һһ⡣

˵޸רңôʷ֪ʶ飬ΪŽڵĸʱ䱣ſԵʮء
رغʱʷֱǿ
κһƷ˵ʣԼĳԼ

˵Աߵͭݣй֮ͭḻ硣رֱغʱͭвϽĹҼء

ҲͦɣǱڸݲѲչ
ÿһʱ䣬ݾͻὫݲصĹչϾЩﲻڲݣйˡ

ǸսͭݣǰĹԱڸղȺ⣬ѧУͲϾٰһʶʷĻ

ֻСѧǣߴߴܰԱĻ

ֱԱεĿЩȵڡ
Էʶʱ䱣øʱҲЩԾ

С˵֮ǰĹΣǹغͭǽڣһֱ뿼Ĳʿš

͸ʱ˵ҲСǵע⡣
ܶС۰Ͱ͵
͵ĺǣҲ֪;峤øߣôÿܿ캢ǾȻİ

ԱǾȻԸʱȤЦСǣλأǱѧĿŽڡĸС֪ʲôǿأ

ңңи۾Ск֡
ԱЦ˵ԵĻһС

Ск˵žǰӵڳ
˵꣬СкʮڴĿʱ䱣ϾС˵һңԶʥĳƺȰλ

ʱ΢ƣ˵ش𣬿ԡ
һֻ꼶С˵Կŵ̶ֳ֪ܵȣʵҲˡ

Ͼܶ˶ãžǲͣҹĹַϡ䱦

ʵţǶԹŴһ׷ݣʱ䱶£ƺҲԼôʣЩС˵¡
˻ָһչڷŵľ޴˵ͱӣΪѧǷ֪Ŵʹʲô͸ѧϰС١һǹʹõֱϣйŴ֣Ӧ֪йĺֲһֱġ

ϵ֣Ҳڰ֪Ŵѧϰ֡

˿һСͻȻ֣ʵΪʲôҪ֪Ŵ˸ʲô

ʲôˣʱЦʵ
Сѣйš
йжõʷʱٴʡ

Сͬ˵ǧꡣ

Ϊʲôǧ꣬ʱ䱻һܣ嵭ȴºͣ˵ǧ꣬ǧأ

һ»İСסˡ
ʱ䱵ҲûӣΪпŵĴڣǽȷԼʷǧ겻ƾնֵ֣һּ¼֮ͨųЩ֤йȷʵôƳʷ

ԣǿŴڵ壬ΪСףйʷӺδǵôƬϣôԻֲõĻ

վһԣ͸ȴĪ˸оº͵

´˿ɻǸ䵭ģϲܹЦ⣬ȴܸ롣

ͶĿţžȰɡ

֪ʱԼ޸򣬳Ŷѹ˻˵ΪŮѣŻô˽֡
ܶʱҲַ飬ӭͷϡ
Ȼһ˶ӷѡ

Ϊںûν룬ûνİ

ϣֻһԼʹġ
Ҫ׬ǮԼĹˮΪ

ڣһ֣Ķ

ЩСѧ֮ǰ˹Ŵ黭ݡһŵĹŴīڲչڣ˶ܽĿŴʦī

˵Ǳݣһ֮ԱиŮֹ˵ǸƳġͼɣ˵亣⣬Ȼõոͱڵİ˹ҡ

ŮЩϧξȻûչ

˵һ

Ƴͼ˵Ǹʹݵġţͼһѣʱر֡
ѹȻóֻһ۸񣬵𾪣ڣȻǻġǮѽĺööǮ
԰˵ʱй˸ǹڵλУֱӾ˹ҡ˼Ǯ˵ĸְɡڵĻ۾գľ;ˡ

۵ʵ󣬵ںܰѻ˸š

ֱתͷʱ䱣ͼĿǰĻ
ɫֵĲ԰׸С

Ҳһ˲ԼƵ֣ȻԾ˾˵ʹֱôһա
۵ѲԾʹ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҩ˿ڣ˹

ʱƺһʹѣתͷѣԲ𡣡

ôˣҲĲԾ
ʱҡҡͷûʲôֻһЩ顣

ɫЩԾҲû黭ݶһ뿪ˡ

*

¡֮£СԺڵĻѾήֶɪСڼɨĻɾûСԺưܸС

÷֮һ˵ѹ
ãѣʵҪ׼ʥˣ

ֻȥ޸ѣ̸ϵʥ˰ɡü֦ҶΪ໹ŵĻ
Ϊ̫䣬Ļȫѻ˿
Ҳ˼ֲһľ¡

÷֮ɫҲûֲűߵУ֪֪ԼڷʲôǿμġīͼӦ֪һκһϣΪѹƷ

۹ڵĻ޸ҲһʲƵķá

ҪǰҲ룬ͻӦ޸
ΣΪҪμӿŶӵĹƳ޸īͼΪҪ޸ʲôշغ򣬾ܾ޸īͼ

Цȥոһʱڵ¶Ǯ

ɶԼǰĻƺϢ˿Ȥ
ʮǧ򣬲ô۸񣬡÷֮ΪֵĶȻҪīͼ

֪Ƣã׻û˵̫ݡ
޲Ҫˮ

ļֵԼ۸˵仰ʱѵͷֵĸоֱԺеļӿ
վµķԲѵ˵ţոȵķǧ˰ļ۸Щ񣬿޼ʵ򲢷ˡ

Ǵʱ䣬˵ˣȴˡ

ѣɲ˵Ļ÷֮һİ۹⿴һֱԹѺ͸ʱ䱵ĽһĴۣҪѳ׸ı䣬ôⲻһ¶

ԼЦɡ

ĸı䣬ӵһҲΪֿΪŬˡ

Ըʵңʼ޸

ֻǺܿ͵ԪڣԪҪżٵģΪһѧҩΪ֮Ҫɫ
⼸һֱڽ顣

ıɫӦֵĽɫɾֺ֮ںɫǧ곾֮ٴγѾ˸ɫ

ûѧԼɫ
ǣ֮ǰĻѧԼȻãһ󣬲ûлָԭеɫ

ʱ棬Ǿһֱڹ⣬˱ѧѧϵļλרҽڡ

ԪҲûʲôʱ䡣
Ǹʱ䱾ȻҪȥ°æ˵Ǹ˴дԸơ

Ϊλʦˣֶȱ˲Żϸʱ䱰æ

ҪпգҾȥ㣬ѿڳ˹˵
Ǹʱ˵û£ҪæҪæҲûʲôʱظϢ

˵ѩˣ㿪Сġ

˵꣬˹˵绰

µʵũ࣬ݷˣҲࡣʱæһȻЩ벻ˡ

ЦĹʵҪ𣿡

ԷܸܵҶһԭ͵Ҷʱ׷¶𾪵ı顣

ܿ죬Ҷд˺
뿪

ֻ뿪ʱи˴˹

˴ŵɫףհ׵Ŀɽİѩȴ͸Ĳ԰ף˵һͷںڳ
ϴһ˵ʡ
߽ֱڰ£ֱŶĸʱ䱡

Ҫǩ
ʱǩͲƵǰ

˭֪ǹﲢδǩͲ

˵Ұһ񣬺ν⣿
⻰̫
̫Ũ

ʱ䱿ǰĹ͵һЦ޽⡣

˵꣬ͷǰĺϣдһ֡дֵ˹ѽº󣬴֡

ΨԸѣײ롣




56.   56    ȥҷڶ

ʮ

ѵһ, Ϊ˿ûˣʱдһźֻûѿֱӵǿŴ¡
µù, а֮á

˿֦ϻŰѩ֦, ˺衣

ʱ˵ط, Ҫϵϡ
˵һûдʲôء
˾Ͳ׼ˣʱס۾, ˵ȱ۾, Ҫʵ, Ҿʹժ

еЦġ

Ϊʱ䱻Ҫæ, ˺ֻܿصǩƫ
ΪһѩԭɽˣôࡣʱǰǰҲͽӴʮ˶ѡ

ڷһի, ּ, ֪Ůѡ
ɮ˽渵ʱ䱽ǩĹ

Ҫ𣿡˳իʱŤͷ, Цʵ

ѵͷ, Ȼڱסôãһζû, Լ̲סЦ, ȸʱѯʣֱ˵ҷҸһ֮кöһΡһȥݣһ¡

𣿡ʱ䱴ĴֱָָĦ, ˵ҲǵһθŮȥݣһŮѹ¡

ʱȷʵԹ±ȽϤ
ԭ׼ȥɽǱ߹䣬ֻ˼תͷף㳵ϴ˱·𣿡

Ҳ䡣Ѹɴ˵

ʱ򣬲ôϲױ
Ҫȥʵңûֵסջ󣬴绰ȡ˽г̰š
ֱ¾ˡ

ΪƤ̫ףͿںʱɫƫټһͷںڳɫĵĸף˻Ĳ԰׸С
¹ѩʱ򣬴ҶǴ޷ɽġ

ʱ䱸ɴ˵ҪҴȥù䡣
ͬ⣬ֱ§ļ򣬽

ѹڣ徻֮أǲǲôܡ

ȻƽʱʱȷʵͦģϾǷ¡ܵˣҲֵطʲôܾٶ
ԣʱֱӴǣ֡

˽һСãʱ˵İɣû˻ǡֵ˽˷ãһ㲻⿪š
ڣôôɮ찡̲סȤ

⻰£ȥǼȴ׾ٽȥһĸɮŲιۡ
ʱᳶЦ£ұȽЩʦϲ

ѱĻֱӶЦʵû뵽˵Щ

ϣЩʦǱ̫ϲˣ۾ֱĶҪȻһĴ󳹴ǿ޶

ʱ˲ĿתĶ

ʵ󣬸ʱҲһ´䵭ԸʱֵȻ侲ģڹϣǣܵΪҲҲʵڲԸ

Ψøǰܲһֶеռ
ر˶ֱס

˵ķҾ뿪㣬ǵҴӦġ

ڲżʧеѣ
һһĳŵġ

仰ѲĬʵ֮ǲûĹ¡
رǸʱڼһ֮󣬵ڶ˺ͶǰһϷ飬ĺԣһӱܡ

ӱܣʱڰӱܡ

ã̧ͷǸʱȿ˵㲻˵飬ҪǿԼ̹ס

ÿ˶ĵף봥ҲԶ޷ͽܡ
ʱ䱾С
ԸⰲȴĳĬ

ͦЦ£ʵҲûʲô˵ģǸϼҵͬѧû֮ǰһֱһϡ˵˹Ұְֵ飬һʱŻʧص̶ֳȡ

һĬ˵ʵҰְемġ

СľǣǸɵӼŮ
ӴǸɵӵǺøܼӻġ
ɲǣԺ˸ˡ
СûʲôëɣҪȻúõĺӣ˼ӵ

ĻĶϼ룬Сط˱Ͱлʲô߽УЩǵҲܻ˵

ԭϣʱ΢

Ĺ̧ͷǰķ񣬵˵ʵҴӲΪʲô϶õء

Ľߡ
ûüء

ѣʱ䱵ֽ֣ͷԼ

˰ţǰķ
˵һϣ㡣

۵״һ˿⣬΢΢Цɣʼְ־ػȻûԼȴڶ

ĻڱԼɡ

*

Ԫʱ͹ر졣

ʵҶʱ䣬ҲԽԽãԭֻΪרңһ޸򡣵ɫ쳣ĸӡ
ǱѧĻѧڣ˺üΡ

죬ʱֹᣬΪһһȵĹҼĿ걨ʼ
¹ɽغַпĿΪͷĿ
ľԼָˡ

øļλ쵼죬Ҳ֪Ҫ¹ɽŷĳɹһ·͵˼ʵҡ

ڸ޸ʦµĻѧԼɷ⡣

޸ѵһطǣûһ׼ΪÿڵͬÿһﶼҪרŶԴ

˵Ѿרŵר޸ôڻûأλ쵼Щõ˵

Աߵ˽˵ȷʵ鷳˵㣬Ǽλʦһֱɫʵ飬ʵϰٴΡ
λ쵼˵ϰٴλûҵİ취

վʵҵĴڣ濴δֱ߽

ڵͷŪ򣬵ͷ˵Լ棬Ĳɡ

ʲô˰и̧ͬͷʵ
˶٣һۡ

иѹ˵޸ĽȰɣ˵һֱû޸򣬹˲˰ɡ
ǻ᲻Ӱ찡

أú޸ֻҪ޺˭˵ʲô

ڴ˿̣ѶͻȻʦɹˡ

⻰߿˹ͼԼ򣬺ȥԭĺɫ
ڳ֮Ϊ⣬ĺںɫ
ڣɫȥ¶ǳɫģ

Ѹˮ

ܿ죬˽ˮȡ˹ȫɫֽ֮ȡԱߵˮ
ˣˡ
ĳɹˡ

ʵﻶһ¸Ⱦ档

Ǽ쵼߽ѯһֳ
ڵ֪ɹɫ֮֮ǰʵǸ쵼ָЩɻʵǳɹˣ

ɫֻ޸һ򵥲ѣ֮ˮ

Էʣˮôģ

΢ҲûʲôͷȻΪ£˻һˮѰɷʽֱȥˮ֣ᵼΡѡǸˮһ㶼ǲҴˮ

ַҲر𣬾ǽҴҺҴͻὫˮûӶˮЧ

ôһ˵ŻȻ

Էſѣ΢΢ͷ

ߺҲȥһˣȥϴּ䡣
û뵽ײϸղһֱѯǸ쵼ڸʱ˵

ʱ䱣Ҳ֪޿һܵ˵ȷʵЩֱڿ죬Ҳúģôĸ飬ֳ

ʱ䱣ֳҸоԱһֱǸкʹѧͬѧԺǹϻвɱĽҿ㱣֤ڹϣһȫ

νôĸ飬ǿͬѧ飬ָŮѵʱ֮Ҳʣ޼ˡ

ֳƺȰ˵ʱ䱣αҪء

ǽ棬û취һŮѱеѡ

ԷƺҲû뵽һӶԼԳȰͣɻβ̬ȡ
˦Ӿ뿪

ѲûгȥǿŸʱҲת뿪

ǽϣԺл˵ĻǲЦ⡣

ϵʱΪףھϰٴεȡüʤɹ޸СԷ
ֻǱʱָˣӾͻ뿪

ҪģҪ޸ʦ

֮ǰûмʵңʵʱ齨ģǾôĺѾϵ

ΪѶ͸ʱ䱵ĹϵҲδܹ
Ҷ֪£ǳԷʱ򣬷Ѹʱ䱽һ

ϾҪṩΪоãҲΪͬһŬǼǵĺơ
ɸʱ䱴˵绰

Χµ̲סʣ˵ʲôأ

һ۲ͣѵ˵ҪǲҲûϵġ
˭˵Ҳġ

Ѹžһ˵ַ

Сʱ󣬸ʱ䱸ϵ˲ͬ¶ںȾơ

֪ѲȾƣҲȰڸʱһʱ˺ãʦûȵľƣھͰæһ¡˭ء

ѱл˭֪˻Ҳ˵ֱӶǰľƱһȥ

ϯ䣬ҺȾƸɱʱûȵľƣʱϤˡ
ڵ˽ʱѾͷ۽ǱԵȫȾ˺Ρ

ر۾˫䵭۾˿΢ſӿ

Ȼȥˣѵϣˡ
ҿһھûȣֱӿĳ

ڼ䣬ЩεʲôĵôһȰͺء

Ϊҿദĺܺãܿġ

һ仰ֱ΢ƷС
ر׸жһ̣ǰĵ·Ҳûˣ΢ȴ٩˵ʱ䱣ǲ̫ϲˡ

ΪϧԼйϵ쵼

ȴҲΪԸԼôϤһȾơ
˿¾ܾ˵ˡ
ȴһһȥ

ֻΪܿĿһȺ˸ദĺܺãѲô¶ġ

˼һ¥ʵŵ·ɺȡ

ɳ£תҪȥˮȵʱȴһסֱۣ΢΢ͽѴԼ

ؿſţǿ̧ԣȥˮȡ

Ŀԣȴ˿ûֵ˼

ʱ䱾ôֱĿѣ˿˫Ⱦĺƽⲻһ͸һˮ⣬۽ΧһȦ
ƫƫ۾ȴԵøˮ٣ôֱĿš
Խ˿ࡣ

ͻȻЦ£΢һ

ţ̫ϲˡ

ʲô
Ѷôûͷûβһ仰ŪЩãʲô̫ϲˡ

ɵʯ䣬ͻȻʶ
仰ûͷûβ

ڻشڳ˵Ǿ仰
ʱ䱣ǲ̫ϲˡ
ţ̫ϲˡ

һҲ̲סϿ°ͣҪĴѾһƴĺףһѹѹԼķ

ʱεǲǺͷϸģǳռԡ
Ĵص˱.Ǻܿ촳룬ȫϵϢֻεϢһɼľζ
ǴžϢ

Ϣͬʱʱ䱵ͬҲּѱţ΢
ͬĵԽȡ

䵭ˣһ̣ϵѪҺ

ϥɳϣ˻ԼؿڣֱӸµɤƵʣȥҷ




57.   57    òᣬ㲻Ҹ𡭡

ʮ

һ仰, ԭ컵գһ˲ͣʱˮ۾, ֱĿ
⴫һ, ԶĴ˽

ĴûбϣֻһյҹƣӰڿ̨Ľ㴦̨һ, һɫ¹ĵط
Ӱ涣һж˳

˴˵ǰˡ

ѸĴϵǻʲô

ʱ΢, ˹, ֱӽ, һ·ӵ, ·ϲһڼ
ײײ˷ſڣʱ䱷ûż򿪣ֱӽڷϡ

ǰ˼Ӳ, ǱŰ塣
Ѿ, ϴһë¡

ʱ䱵ͷҧ촽һڡ

Ƿˣ䵭, ʱ, ǹռԶޱչ֡
ѸоԼš

ѡһѵ, ͳ, Ǵǻ﷢ġ

ҪӦıǼͷĶ
֮Ҳǣ֪һ, ѵѨ΢һͻܲס

еطãǽʵŰ壬˱ʱ䱻ڻ

šꡯһ죬Ӧ򿪡
ʱ䱽˰뱧֮ڳ˵ȥϴ衣

ţͱԱԴϴּ

ͷů򿪣ֱ죬ŷӦͬԡ״Ը̹һ̶̲סҪǰƳȥϴ

ʱ䱾ӸµĿ۵Ц⣬ָỬ촽
һϴ

΢ɴ˫ۣƺЩţô˵Ļǳ֮ڡ

ͷҪʣȵĵʲôơ
ȷûŴ

ƽʱô䵭һˣ˿ȫ

ɺܿ죬˼ͱ˻Ϊǰƺеȣ⿪˳ĵһŦۡ
Ǻ˾ƵĹϵ׵ƤźΡ

ʶı۾۾ϣȴû취ס
һЦ

ܿ죬ﱾ䣬ͷůʮ㣬ɸоǱˮοԡǽڶǴשġ
һ͸Ǻ̼Ļһ

оȣ΢۾ס
ˮڶ

ʱȽӵĸоЩ͡

ǰٴεͷѰĴܿɿΪĴ£ϲˮѾҵĺ
һ̣Ǹ䵭ֽĸʱ䱡

ҲǸŴӵˡ
Ӹ߸ϵ̳һԶ쳾׵ģʵǿơ

ֱٴ̧ͷѡ
۾ŽߵˣĶ̷ѾˮʪŨܵ۽ϹһſСˮ飬۾ֱĶ

ҡ

ѾЩܲסȹסʱ

ȴЩҪ۵׵ȸ̵ҪŤͷʱһֻס°ͣٴεȣҡ
ڣֻ迴

ֱպʵ˭
ʱ䱣ʱ˿ǰˣǸʱš

һѱʱ˳ֻСèƵģشʱ䱡

ƺԼĻشƽ

Ҫ۾Ժ˵֡
ҡ

˴δйǿƺͰԵѱȳ
һȫǵصϢ·УҲ޷԰Ρ

ֱֱĿֱһС

עǣǱ˴˶Զ޷ǵʱ̡

ҹͻҹ磬ĴڲϣȴһƬ̣Ͻµˮû˴˵ԽԽȡ

*

ŷ밲ͷӰڼѾָ賿㡣

ɫĴϣֻһ˵ӰȴˡֻųĹһߣñӽš
ͷѾɣ۽գĹ˳

ʱſֱ۸մıϣһ䰵Ƶ˵ҡ

⻰Ȼ˵ĲǺܿȴȡˡ
ЦѹϷʵҪҪȵˮ

ȷʵ۵ѵ˵

˵ϷҪ˵ֽϴŵĳԱ£Ƶе

˭
ʱһЦҡ

ϴ̬ȣ̫ãѹһ˿Ƣһ룬˵ָջʵ㺰̫𣿡

š
⹷ߡ

ѾԼбҪȥʣǵǺʲôơ
ȻȳһԼҪȫʶˡ

ʱҲǶִԱߵĹһɫҾӳ㣬ɿϵʽ
ûϵϣɫĴӴš

ʱֱߵȥѵ˱

ѱ۾װ˯һˡ
ʱҲĵĺܣСƢֱ˴ӣӴϱɵķϡ

Ѻˮ̲סʵ㲻𣿡

˵֪Ҫ˰ɡ
ʱĺ󱳣촽Ķߣһ˵Ϣ絽Ķ

ۣȻ⻰˵ûôžôŤء

´ٸһܲ͵˰ɡ
²ۣȫˡ

˹ĽӷԱߵĴͷϣҪɻشϣԼĶ˵ղû


ͷ̲סһ໰
Ťͷ׼˺֮󣬻˵ʲô̶ȡ

ûžһ죬ڵʱڡ
˵ֱ֮ʵʵѣ˵˯ɡ

*

峿
ʱϰ۾Ȼֱϡձϵ˲䣬͸оͷ컨ӣôء
ٴ۾ʶǸʱ䱼

תͷһߴ̣Ѿտյ

Ҳ͸ˡ
ֱͻȻʶԼֻһɫTпġʱʱҸ˯õġ

ͷôòʧεģøʱȥԼһ·ʱ򣬾Ϳϣŵ·

ñӰԼ˹ȥ
˷֣ȻȫԼ·

ǣ·ʲôʱڸʱ䱼ˣ

Ҳ˲ôֱ࣬ӴϣϾ·Ѿˮʪѹˡ

ԡңͿµˢһϴϴ̨
ϴӣõģһġ

ѱΪʱޣ֮󣬱Ȼֲ㣬û뵽ûκβ㣬͸Լһ

ϴ֮󣬴
Ȼжֱ߹ȥͿʱڳæµ

ʱĽŲתͷۣҸҪȥ㡣
ʲô㰡ᣬжһζ

ʱ˵

ѵ˵ͷѹôأЩˣ㷿ôҵ·Һû·ɡ

ʱÿӽ˸Ͽȥõġ
Ŷ
ԭѹء

һ룬ʧ㿪ȥõģ

ôˣЩʧأʱŤͷʵϲҸ·
𾪣˵һ磬ҼңȻõ·

ûʲô꿪ţû취򡣡ʱ䱽͵

գգ۾ʧʵ˭㿪ţ
㡣

˶ڼ𣿡ʡ
ʱ˵ҪȥѧΪʲôûؼҡ
ѳ׷˵˵ˣ

θʱȻûش𣬵Ѵ۾õ˿϶Ļش

ܽ˵ȫ磬֪סҡ
һҪһ磬ȥûϴ·

Ҳȫ硣ʱ䱰ο
ѣҶԣǾȫˡ

ĽȦȷʵǲ̫㣬ǸСԺˣҪļˡ

ʱ߹ʵôˣ㲻ñ֪һ𣿡

ǲ룬ֱס˵ֻе˼

Ŀ죬ȥҲ졣
һ磬ҲŶӹ๾

ѣ
ǴŮŮôܷ

ڸʱ䱲ûЦʮĵ˵ţʢࡣ

ѴͷȻҪװȴæʢ

ȶѾֻͷһۣͼԶĲ輸ϣŵֻˡ
Ǹʱ䱵ֻ

ȳԷʱ˵߹ȥӵ绰

ȷʵˣһҧ˿ڣĺ㡣
ֱ΢΢е̣ҧ͵ĸо

һߴãһŸʱվڿ绰

ţ̫ܲУûʲô¶ƺѯг̣ܿ˵ĩԣһȥġ
ʵҿԴ˹ȥɡ
仰ʱʱ䡣

͵͵ȥû뵽ʱҲĿԡ

գգ۾Ц˵ţŮ
Ůѡ

˵ĸ֮͵תͷôеζͬԶ룬Ǹ˭绰ء

ڣ绰֮Աߵλϡ

ó𣿡ʱ䱼ʵ
ѵͷóԣرóԡ

һ̲סʵôһ磬˭绰ء

裬һȥԷ̫ܲ㡣

ԭ谡
ѵͷһٴ͵̧ͷαȸղ֪һؼҸ·Ҫ𾪡

裿һȷϵķʡ
ʱ䱼ôԾ̲סôˣ

˵˵ǵ飿
㲻ˡ
ʱȻ

Ůѡ
ȷʵô˵ġ

𾪵þ˵ǸʱɻĿƵһؼң
£ȷʵͦġ
Ϊҳ飬ôҲǸͼ֮Ĵ¡

ɸʱ䱴̫Ȼֱ̫ӣЩֲ

ֱʱ΢ĿӣȻòᣬ㲻Ҹɣ




58.   58    ˶ӦϽʿ

ʮ

ѻصʱ, ŵĽţŵ¥ȴڼܽ¥ʱ, һסѽ, ôҲ˵һǼ͵ء

վڶ¥̨, ջؽš
ôǼˣЦ£³

޻˵˵̫, ȵ, θ
Ŷ, θ
Ǹ˼ɡ

Ѵ¥, Ѿĵ࣬ɫ΢ĺ, СԺֱХ
, ҪҪڸװһ¡

˵ǵ̣һ԰ɡ

ѽ, 㲻õҸ, ٵҷѧʱ򣬴ӵ·, ֻԱڡ
Щ棺ȥĶˣ

ҡͷ˭֪ѽ

Ͽ쵽ߵʱ, ̲Ż
һ޸ոͬѧСҵóҪԼķ, 磬ôŻ

С𳳣æһ죬ͷ۵
¥ŵƣ֪ѾˣԸϽС㡣

ίѽ˵Ҫĵġ

¥µĶҲӹ˳վڶ¥¿һۣ¥
𣿡˵˵㲻ǰǸǼڹأȥʢһ硣

һڿ죬˵ʲôǺ۵ɡ

һ뿪Ƚȥ˵ɣͦġ
һǰһ󣬽˿

⼸ǲǻɭʵ
û뵽ѾȻôֱӣϵǣ

ֱ˵˱̫ӣ㲻Ҫ

ڸ÷ѣٰˣ俿ˣ翿Լҳ̵
һҲϣΣա

Դɭ֮ͬٴʯ󺣰㣬ûټ

÷֮ǱߣԴǲɢ֮˾ҲûϵԷ
֮ǰȻҲв죬ѴǳӲӣÿÿ÷֮ͣΪʱԼеôɡ

һֱ÷֮㴿ϵٻѡ
޸īͼ£˵ķ糹޷ֺϡ

֮ǰ˵ɭҪһˣʵ
ѿ⣬һƬֻŵǹƣɢĹԣҹһյơ

˵һҵҵѾʧҸȼʵɭһʼҾ֪ϲɾ

ֽƫˣʵʵ⡣
Ͼܺϴ/Ǯ

̫ˣɭôҲ۹⣬޷ǾҪϵ

Щ𾪣Ҫٲҵ
Ǿ飬ûôΰ󡣡

ƽ˵ֻҪҳǸ˶ѡ

꣬׶ڴǼ˺žƣţ˵ˣǾӣ˯ƯŮˡ
Ϊ˵ǵʲô\\Ʒ˽

ֱһѬȾ˵ǰǮǵĹŶġ˵ٹŶǰˣǲҲǹұ˵˹ĳ𡣡

ôþԱߵЦ

Ƭϵĸ֣͵ҡͷݺݵսǰαһǡ

ɱְֵˣרٵġ
ֻϧһˣһı

ǸܵˣĺǣҲһ׷Է
Ҳһҵ

*

ʱ䱴绰ʱЩ̫ߣÿһ뵽Ǽ£ܻУö޷⡣
ǰÿΣһڹ졣

죬ʱ䱸˵绰ǽͨ

ڼʲôأʱ
ѵͷһֱߵıʼǣүүµģÿߵʱ򣬾ͻ⼸ʼóүүϤּͺһֱԼߡ

ѵ˵ء

ԼǻǸʱȴһ룬ʵģ
ôģ
ʱ䱵˵ÿβĵʱβϳһ㣬Ҳ

ҪˣЦ£ǲ̫˵㣬ѹֶ˵ѧС˼Ӳʦ۾

Щѧװʲôģһۿɡ

Ϊʦʱº͵ķϵ
ģš
֪ʱ䱻û˵ڵ˵ȥ

Ϊ㰡

ֻΪ˵Ż׾ٵĲÿһ˿仯

ͨͻȻİģôһ˲뱧£Ϣ

ʱƺ飬˵һܿҶϵ绰

Ѽͷ飬Ȼʱ˵껰֮ƺ˵㣬ĵǹɳأ׾ȥġ
ԣֻҪǸһûץһ춼òѡ

ȥ룬Լ׷ˡ
ôԼ

ֻȥŻõƬ̵İ

Щ飬ԽҪǣԽһƵãͷѿĲסѲá

ڹҵϣΨһһ޸޹صĶ

ʱ޸ҲŴ⡣

֪˶ãͷǰ飬¥ϵĽŲľ¥ݴžĽŲҲᴫ֨֨ѽѽ

Ϊ޻û˯Ϊҹ޸ʱ޻

ҵűƿʱתͷȥʶ˵ݣû˯ء

ɵȥʱվſڵͣͷůɫĹܣ޾ڡ

ܹ˶ãѶǵ档

¼ŵҹͻȻֵˣվڻƵĵƹ£ӳĳ˫繣һյůҫ۵ĵյɢĵ׵ĳ¶

ײײô꣬ڵȵůǸˡ

ѷ飬ʲôҲû˵ֱվ˽Ļ

ϻŴݶҹĺ¶ȴһ㶼䡣

˿ޱůɡ

*

ȻҪڼҳˣûʵ̳Χ£ǲΧ˵ĲĿ

ѣСҿõ
ҵѰǿٰɣòҾܿҵСֶСֶŮɡ

Ѳÿɷ

òᣬѾʲôҲûϣ໵һС
Σ˵Ҫȫ̳ˣҵ˽𣿡

ҡͷûУûС

ΪҪȥʱ䱵ĸĸԼ˹һ֣Ҫʱ䱼ĳ׼ҲúôԼϣӡɡ

ôָָһˮīĳȹ

ѵͷõԱһԼԴܿ죬ӻ¼ڿһ˲Ա͹۾ֱˡ
ͳֻȱ𶯣Ƭ

С㣬̫ʺȹˣıͺãȹӵļҲر󷽣ԱȻʺƨǻһ̣Լ˵ÿһ仰ġ

ѣȥҳĻ𣿡
Ц˵ģƽʱĴ·رֳϲģָ߹󡣡

ʵҿƽʱĴ·񣬾ֵĹװǹקĮ΢ڸ˵㡣
ҪȻţȷʵ̫ǧ֮⡣

ҵԸ񣬴Ųֳϲɡžˣ

סļ򣺡ҵѣɲ˵Ļôһˣô˵ôɥĻء
Ҳǣֻʵʵ˵ѡ

Ը˵磬ǱȽĮ֣峤˭ŶϲֻµĹɡ

ȻҪؼң϶ᱣġ
ʱ䱽Ӵ֮󣬼ֱ⵽С

һ˵ŮԼ۵ģȫĸ̬ԽԽ˳ۡ

ϻȥʱ򣬸ʱҲù
ĴССĶ̲סʵⶼԼģôһȥ

ϿҪоĶǽ㰡ùϢҺһˡѻصظһǹֵʱ򿴼ģһ۾;ر

ѶʰãתͷͿϣһſ

ͷۣʱֽƵǰգգ۾ʲô
ҵĹʿ


ʱ䱿Ȼ˵Ƕ˵˶ӦϽʿϽӦò̫ɡ




59.   59    ѣҪǰ

ʮ

ĩ¶, ѶæĲɿɫѧԼȶ֮󣬿ʼˮʵ, ֻˮҪʱ, ʵĿǰҪɫ

һˮɺνй
Ĵʼһ, ʵҲȫա

ѱרҹʵݣפʵңڹ֮, רҹʲҲлĻˡ

Ȼʱܶ, ¶ѡ
, ȴܿɹһξ, Ϊ޸ʦʼһֱڵʽһ

ȴǸʵҵ, һ޸
㾭ϰٴεʧ, Ҳûз

ũĸ٣һֱ·, ǵһ

֮ǰҪʱһȥҰݷ, û뵽ʱΪ, ʱˡ
ͦź, Ǹʱ䱰ο

ĳ˵ʵûǺã˵һΰݷӦзȰݷŮ

Ҽҡɳ, һЦ
ҵʱҲ֪İѹûиĸݷá

ʱ£˵ҪȥݷĹùһңϾôǰġԣǾ׵ˡ

Ȼ֮ǰù÷顣
ʱǹøǺԽһʱϵҽԺùҲǣڳ֮³ŲҲظϻ

ĵЩԹ˵ףǻϣںѵˡ

ѽһûҹù˵̸ء
￿˿

˾ڸʱ䱼ԼᣬϾֻܰѵСԺʱҲȥ
ÿ޿͸󿴼èһ޲·ż⡣

ʱȫں˿ˣ̲סѣǲʲô޶˽١

ѵЦο˵İɣֻһѧηˡ
ѧη壿
ûѽͣⲻǿĩͻȻĳɼ

ʱҲʧЦĶ䣬˵˵Ҳôɨ˵ˡʦûڼҲʦϰߡ

Դһ֮ѷָʱͦСϰߵġ
ֻǰڿӰҲͦϲԼżһͷ䣬ִ\\׷ǵķʽܸܵĳ硣

Ҵùô绰˵һ
ղǸڼҳĻ⡣

˭֪˵ţڲ輸ϵֻȻһȻ褴ġ

󣬳ʱЦ£ߵ̨ͨ绰

ùãѺ
ǸҽƽʱæҲϲһ쵽ϵˣ˳˷΢ţô绰ϵ

褿żɽ˵ٹˣڼԣǳȥԡ

⣬üͷһ塣
˵ҲǺա

רŸգǳԸһͻȻΣεְˡ

ѵոƽͬһ졣
Դƽȥ֮Ҳû˹յ¡

ÿʱһ£ǰԼڷһһ졣

ʵҲһܾǶ̫ἰѵա
ֻǽ꣬ͻȻεƽ˵ǸҽӦ𣬡ϳʧ

ɶΨһ׵ܵܣĵҲ޵ǣҡ

εڸһգ褵̾һã˵Ҳǹңô꣬һնû

⻰ͷģ˵

ãǹȥ֮󣬵˵ãҿԴ˻ȥ𣿡
ѣ褷ʡ
û뵽ôֱӣֻܵһţţ˵Ҫݷø

ҲãȷʵӦˣ褵ƺҲ΢Щ

˵˻ŹҶϡ

ѻصɳϣֱסʱ䱵ĲӣЦ˵Ҹù˵ˣյʱһȥԷ
㲻˵ա

ѵһ¶ʮ˺ţڹǰ졣
Ϊÿũʱ䶼һգʱڹǰʱڹ

Сʱ򣬲ǰүү׼
ƽ
ԶᲢдĸ֡

겻̫һѵ˵ҹù˵εҰְ֣Щܣһ°ɡ
ʵһֱ褵Ļ

ǹգҴȥط

Ѻʲôط
ʱ֪ˡ

Σôʣǲ˵գС

*

˼죬ҪżˣԳǰܶӷڼ˻ڼ
޿޿Ҫߡ
һԴϣ˼Ҷһ굽ͷһʱ䣬ӵĻ࣬Ȼ㡣

ҪðһǼз䣬һꡣ

޵ĸĸҲѾȥֻʣƷӡ
˵ݶƬѾˣһֱ©꣬ﻹϵǣ˵ũҪΣĽҪȻǼӣ͵ֱƵˡ

̺ԥ˰ɡ
뿪翪ʼͶǸطûһ˿

ĸײʱߵûԸǮһĳǳǶԣĸڷмҡ
ĸΪĵطǼҡ

ΪǲŻѵĹϵرԱϰ壬ȴһΪС

һֱܺóԣرϺ⽡
԰֮ѾͶһʱ͹ȥ

ȥ֮ǰ˸绰֪ѧУҲû˵ķϣѾָơ
ֱӾԼȥˡ

Сͣ¥ǰĿճλϡ

ӳʱŷУ⿴һԱߣͻȻЩס
ΪڣȻһɫ
ϸһۣȷʵǱĳꡣ

ǰȥʻиˣֶԺûȤģЦ£û뵽СͦͨҲͦԻġ

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ͷֻڲϣȥŽ

ԼҵŮѣʵ
Цż㣬ôо͸Ƶá

ҲãǷһʽ𣬸оԹꡣ

ѣɣҸյڼøһԡҪɡ
˵ǲǸ̫ˣЩĽ˵һ쵽֪Ű

һ߸˵һְ˵ݡ
õУһһ¥

˵ôĽҲһ
ҿһ𣿡
Ц£ǲܣϣֻһʱ䱡

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ʱô򿪣߳ˡ
ŮˣΪ׵λѿһ˲ǰһĸо

Се͵ССҲЩϾɲ̫ɾλˣֺÿõݶõĳ̶ȡ

Īᣬе˲²͡

ΪԷҪݣԱŲ¡

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ͿԷ¶һ𾪵㵵ı顣ǰת˲ţΪų׹ϡ

ҲδϣϾλȫûӡ

е޳갢̣ҪǼĻԲǡ

¥ϣֱӽ˳ֳرá
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ͰԼ⽣·˱䶳档

շźãſڴ
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תһ룬ԣſڵָؼֻҪָƾͺãﻹҪ塣

ѻǹȥš

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λʶʵ
ɵ󣬿ŶԷֺ֪ĻȻ

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׼Էʱŷ֣ʱĸ׵״̬̫ԾԷƺЩվȣ˵ԭʱ˵Ůѡ

΢

ҵĶʲôǰŮ촽ʵ

䡣
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ʶ

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ݾһֱͣ
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Ժг֣Ե

ѽˮǰûлش⣬˵𰸣ﲻӦ

ڲ
ʲô֪˿ȴֵģ·һС

ϳһ֡Ȼˡľ飬͵ش˷·ҪܵʲôҾţָסԼؿڣھҵķӦ֮ѣҡͷ飬˭ϣҶҲܺˣҪ⺦ְ֡

һ룬һ̣һ˲䡣
ѸоԼĵиطȻ

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ʶ۵ãȻľңʱһΪ˱飿

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ϦŨɫϼƬȾ죬̨ƻĹţһȴѰ󣬴˿۵ףȴѪ

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һһɨԼĵ׵ƶ˵ˣҪ

ЩֵĻһ仰Ҫ

Ҫ顣

Σġ

䵽ˡ

ڣһԶߡ

ΨԸѣײ롣

Ӱ㣬סԺзɹնһըѡ
е񶼱ըĿȫǡ



еĻȥ˼صʮǰĳһ졣

ʱͰְֻүүһھ򣬹ùһүү֪ΪʲôԵĺ
ùòùøȥĴҽԺ顣

үүһֱͰְֵڼҡ
ظ֤һְúչ

˳극֮ƽһֱҪҴƣǼһֻèΪǷģĴܡ
èһˣͻ֪ؼҡ

èһ֮󣬺ü춼

ƽʱˣƽͻڵүүڼңðְһȥӦԼȥҡ
Ƴȥĵطô

òװѰְְٺãֱܳ˼

һϣϵֻ٣ûС֪ƻڷǿ棬вҰè
Ϊ˿ӱԵѾ˲˼ҡ

رһƬһϣڣʲô˶ûС
ֵǣмСԺȻǿŵƵġ

סߣ֪ļѾˣôͻȻ˻ءҲû̫棬ֱȥè
˭֪˺þûûҵ

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Ϊһè֮ǰҲΧǽǱиè꣬ΪӲݴҲסˡ
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ԣһʼѴһ̿ʼ·һˣ˫۾вɵ͸ĮӴµһμ㣬Ҿ֪˭һʼֻЩ𾪺ͺѣһص鵽ϣ֪˱ѧĽڡҺ񽥽ûа취ܡ

ʲô
ƺǿ˸ʱĵ׵ɻѿֽڶϵĳԺӲû취ܣҰְˣôôµĻţƾʲôޡƾʲôô꣬ûҹҹʹ֮С

ԣ׷ңһΪʹࣿ
ʱ䱺ˣѵ˼

жʹ࣬ҪҲһᣬʧȥһжʹ

ѣʵ㡭ʱ˵һ룬ֳĬ
ʵûҪôʱֺǳجأձȳֻҪһصƣͻ

ǸֱĹӣôͬӡһ㣬ͷ
δ߳

ھһܵİ֮󣬸ʱٴμѵĿڣڸ࣬Ϊˡ
û취仰˵
ƺһ˵ڣҲûתء

µһ̣ͷɴһ˿롣
侲Գֵĸʱ䱣ȻҲäĿĴ

ΪҷһУȫû壬ѿ˵ʱ䱣ʵദ֮Ҿ֪ûµĻţһֱһǳ⣬Ǹ統С

֪ǰҹùãүүûйֹңֱǰ˵үүûΪ¹ҡûаѰְֵҵϣƾʲôҰְֵءҰְֵĲ㣬һкҲ㡣

ù˵үүϣľǣΪֻǣҵſǰߣҲҸ

Ŀȴּᶨ˵ҪǣһСӦ貶ңûкڰԶ

ʱ䱻̧㣬˵ѣ㡣

ʱ䱣ԭˡ

һ仰ȴûиʱ䱴ѣֱֱԼůķȴܸоҹͻĴ̹Ǻ硣

ѴӶóһ̯ʱ䱡
һöǮҡ
֮ǰҰ޻ʱҪı꣬˵ӦһҪ󡣡

ʱȴһ̺ˣҲӦ

˵ͬʱ˵Ƿְɡ

һֱĴŲķ·һֹֻͣʣԼơ
Ƿְɡ

ҲӦʱǿһ䣬Ļȴ԰׿ն

˿ѿ񣬶һֵĺӣ˵Ҫôټһأ
ֻǣǰߡű˴ˣ𣿡

ѣҪǰ
ѵһ̿ʼͳ׽ضԼ·ԼҲûкڵءû˻Լİ飬һʼͿʼƭ
¸ʱ䱴˿̶κҲĽ
侲ܱ֮˴˷ֵļȶʵ

ʱ䱣Ƕǰɡ

*

ˡ

ǰҲֻһסһ̣ȴյܡʱ䱴Ӽʱ˳

ʮһ㣬ֵϵĳӾͲˡ
ȥɽϵ·ƫƧߣĵ··Զͷ

ʱ䱵ĳͣڹµͣһߵ׶Σߵš

ʩˡŴ򿪺ɮ˿ºһЦ

ʱ䱻񣬽ţֻɮЩ֣ΪԨԴ֮ǰʱ˵Ҫҹݷù£Ҳͬġ
ֻ˵Яһһͬǰ

ֻʣһˡ

ʩѾ֮ǰ˵׼ˣɮǰ

ʱ΢΢ͷһϤķƿʱǧյƣյ͸ſŴƵĵоҡΡ
ϣܵĻ潫Χм䡣
ڤڤ֮Уͬ

ͻȻԺһ仰

ҹɽֻҵĳƣֻҵˡ

˿̣ȴΨˡ

̧ͷǰ񣬶ʮµ𡣸ʱ䱱۾һ˲һ۽ǣϡ

ѣԳ𣬱֮һ¿Ʈ㣬ֻƴŮ
ϳƣΨԸϲ֡




61.   61    ʱ䱣Ҳ㡣

ʮһ

ũʮ, ȫйΪҪһ죬Բһžһ, ʢҹ, ȴһĽԼµһ굽

žһ죬ʵܲ˵ܹ

λ, Ҷ˵ˣҹͲͷǶλĴ, ̿ųǽ, ̲ס

Ѿӣ׼ը, ڵҡ
, ŪģѽֻӰǴӹ̳ҵĲ, 

΢΢һЦʲôҵ, һô֡
һĻȴ, ˵ǲ˵, Ҹһˣȱ˭á

˵, ǿľû˵ˡ
ȻСϳ, ȴʮָմˮʲô¶үүͰְģʱүүæûճԷɴ͸Ǯȥԡ

ѧ޸, ˫ָƵãĶĶ
˵³ôΣյ顣

ֻ֮ǰ˴ɽˤֱƿƬֱ֮Ѳŷ֣ôСģǻ᲻ڶ
̹Ȼ㣬Щ⡣

Ӹʱ䱼ĵڶ쿪ʼֱӽժ

ֱªԵ˰̣Ѿˡ

뿪֮ǰʵѾ˸ʳķ˱ټ̻գѾܾ褵룬ڼ˹Ϧ
ȵһʱٴ̺ޣһȥùüҰꡣ

ϼûˣԹǴȥ˷һˡ

ϣô츳
һæµʱһĲ˱ϣʵģ

һ˶ʱк£סǣ𶯣𶯣һƬ
ѺֻվԱߣġ
ȵʵڲͷûûǰɣȥ˶ˡ

ˣˣҶŰƬǣȦ˭ɹҹŸѵ΢΢͡
Ҫÿʱֻ¡

ްƬԼ

ִ΢ţȴһ۾ͿöǸ΢š֮ǾҲûϵ˴ˣԭûʲôʵУֱ˿̿΢š

ԭĺ˷ˡ

ѴǱԸֵ̧ȥԻ򿪺ֵϽǣһڳý档

ɺġɾ֣ϣ쳣ۡ

ͣһ룬ɾٴһ档
ϵˡʱ䱡ɾͬʱɾϵ˵¼

ûԥֱӰɾ

ֻϣûȥĬĬӣڿȦȻҶŶôһĹȦѾʮˡ

ˣֻϽԷ̶
ޣͻȻ˵ۣھȻҲҵˡ

̳ѿһۣͼѺ޷ӦڼвˣЦֻѽһϲھȻҷˣף֡

ѽ㣬ҿ𣿡޿ѣȵʵ
Ͼôˣ̫˼˼ҵĺѽ

ѣԼ

޳һۣź֪֣ѵķӦʵ̫䵭΢죺ˣҶôˣǲˡѽ㣬ǲǺüûˣȥᣬҪһϰɡ

⼸ĴһǶһȥ䱱ᡣ

Ҿڳһ飬ÿһ֮󣬻ر֣ǵĹ̶Ŀ

仰̧ͷҸʱѾˣҪԸһȥ䡣

۵
ŵֻŵֱӵϣ̶ַ˵ϡ

üͷѵ޶û취

Ҫſˣ᣺ѽ㣬ԲĲ֪

⼸ֵ̫ȫǷ֮״̬ÿһ𣬸ɨڴӣ컹ĵһ緹

ʱȻȷʵüû¶棬ɰ̶Ϊֻǻؼȥˡ

Ͼڼ䣬ҶؼҸԼļ˴һ
˵ȹ꣬æˣȻͻ

ˣǳϦޱӣȳԷɣѼһӵ޵º͵İο
һҲûҶ˵һ֡
ȫ̰Сȡ

*

Ҵլ
Ϊܸܵûڼһ˵ҹͶϡʱ¥ʱСڴȥ
ԺﲻʱžıȻûԹǰ಻סСѣȷ˱ڡ

ʱ䱴һɫë£Եø䵭
ɳһԭڵС

˭֪λ˾ѧУĽڣСµľǣԼѧϰɼû˸ҿ

ĵӻţ̨Ǹиҵȫ񷢳´ףء

ڵȰǽˣŴԲ㹻ʮˡ
Сѵһ

ϣȻٲ˸ףʺ򣬵Ȼһʼص㻹ǸڣϾѾ飬Ựĵϡ

̫̫ӹ֮ҪľǺŪˣȻͿʼߴ˾ӡ

ڸһھͽԼϣ˵Ϊæµʱӡ

ϣλ꣬ȻҶʡ
˭Ҳͷ

ֱԹ֮ڿ죬ûղųԷô֣ΪСȫܵԺ̻ȥˡ

Ҳ֪˭˸ͷְѷϵĻ

Ȼʲôݣ˹ʱ򣬶ӲǵĴ

Ҷ̲סԱ߰ŵĸʱ䱣Ц˵ôʸ磬˵Ѿء

ҲҶ죬֮ǰ԰︵ʱ
Է͸ֱ˵ҪŮѼҳŮ

ʱҶǺ渺ĸοһȻѾ˼ҳĳ̶ȣԸʱ䱵˽⣬ǱŽȥĳ̶ˡ
ʱ䱵һ£Ҳְܹɡ

Ȼλ׷׿ʱ䱣λùùÿʵʱ䱣Ůˣ

⻰һһԵɽŵĿʱ䱡
ĵľǸʱ䱵⣬ǽȴһ䶼ûдߡ

òŵһЦСƷĿ̨¹Цʱ䱺ݰλùÿһۣ˵Ƿˡ



һƬֻµﲻϴ

ֱãλЦ£οҲûʲôô㣬϶ǶԷʧñѧĽڣҲŮѡ

ʱԭɳţȫ˵̬仰ʱֱ壬ļͦıֱ
̧ͷʱڿ޴ˮҫ£ɾԵøӢͻȻø䣺Ƿֻ֣һԭ򡣡
䲻

Ǹʧˡ
Ȼʱûʲôڴȥ˵֮£ֱ¥

Ӱʧ¥ϣҷ·ŸҴ

ֻ¥ݣĵͬʰ㡣

ʱڷСɳɺֵģ̨öԺӣСӵĻЦ޷ҵĹ¶ȡ

ܿ죬ű졣
ʱԭûǺܿ죬Ҷ

Ǹ˵磬Բ治ǹġ
ҶΪʱѾŮѵ˼ҳĵزŻôһᣬ˭뵽żʱ䣬Ȼ˾ͷˡ

θʱվ߹ȥš

ſڵҶٴεǸԲ𣬸磬ĶԲ𡣡

⣬ʱ䱵ûֹ˵һҪлл

ҶҲ֪Щûͳȥ
ҲҶʣָֻ˵һ֣͸Ͻ뿪ˡ

ʱɳƶȥֻл԰·̨ϵ΢âһüۼ䣬ڲסĹ¼źƣ롣

Ҳ֪˶ãıǸôϰߡ
űһ

ʱóֻ̲ס΢ţ㿪öǸϤͷ˵ѣ֡

ǵϢʱһ룬ɫ̾ţϢǰˡ
ϵͳѣԷѲĺѡ

ͷĻڰУͻȻ΢΢¶ҵЦ⡣

СӶּᶨԸ
Ҫǰˡ

ĲҪˡ

*

ʱĿȫйϲİ꣬޿һ۶¥ûһ𿴴ľͻȥˡ

ݣȥһ¡ͻȻ˵
ƺ͵⻰˶¥ֻǵƿѷʱͱ˱ǵľζ̼ס˱Ϣ

ѽ㣬ڷһȦûҵѡ

ֱñ䣬ñѣǰһֻƿѳһš
ȥƣڵƹһ̣һ˻ƾ˵𿪵ơ

ޱһϽصơ
ʶ˻Ƶѷʱ߹ȥڶ档

ú£ſǻʵѽ㣬ôˣ
ݣ뿪𣿡ͻȻ̧֣ڻС
޷ֽסҡͷᣬֻҪ㲻ߣһԶߣһӶġи磬˻һֱһǾǱ˴˵ļˡ

ѹĿͬС޵ʣʹࡣ

⣬̰վſڣĿ

һҹҵƻԲȴ˷·ޱߵĹ¼žС

ҹԺʶȥߡ
ȴʲôûУֻʣ±Ӹ¡

ͻȻһʱҲı˵Ǿ仰˹ȥ·ҪһڵĻ
Ǳŵơ

ҹУ

ʱ䱣Ҳ㡣




62.   62    ѣߡ

ʮ

̨һ¥, ھٰһȵĽĿᡣ
η᲻ϽĿǹ̶αҲ˼ʮý壬һС볡ķ˿

ֳ, ʱСƻиƵĿ

Һֱƽ̨, Ҳ

վ̨ˣ΢Ц˵룬ǡ, Ĺʼαʱ䱽ڡ

һɫӰ̨䵭ĳͷƳһۡ

, ¹ɽĿ, ʷǽĿ, ʲôԹ˵ģ

ʱվ̨, ǿҵĹϣεǰף̨, ɳȵȻ, ãĿ, ǹڵһ۽š޸սĿ, һΪСڣԶᡢԶȺڵһѧ, ŽĿĲ, һֿᷢŲĺͿΪˣϣиˣСͨĿ˽⿼ţԼܸʲô

͵, Ѿȥɬء
ᣬüۼķ䵭纮ҲֳĻеŮС

ڿʼƬ˾Ұְ֣Ȼ뵽λڡ
ڣ׳ðɡ
ѧڶôھˣֵҿԡ
ڿѧü𣿡

˵ֳĻǰŮУ̨ţ˿ڿֱĸλŮƬŮർһΧŵԼС

ֵȦЩÿѽ

ֱѾˣҲˡˣ֮ǰǸƹ𣿡
ǰɣǸʱ䱵ĵѣû
ǽĿƵѣⲻڵλء

ԸʱѣȫǿԼȶȥİɡ

ĿĻԱڰ칫ﰲţȶȣЩ۷׷ףþȲѡ

˵ˣ˵ǿӣŻμӽĿģиϵı磬ļ

ԱһбർҲЦƽʱô췴ûˡ
ǣģ⹦ģ˭Ҳߡ

ıʣǰĵԡ
Ļ棬Ƿֱ
ʱ䱴˿ƺ˵껰̨½ˣ㾵ͷľ۽㣬Ѿϣվڻͻ˲Ծȥ

˻͸һɹ

䵭͸ûһ˿ʵףīȾǲݳ

㵽ô뵽ڵİɡ

һֱû˵ĹǺһЦ¼֣ˢ

ֻ⻰˵һЦ

ΨɶĻȷʵû˵󻰣Լǿˢ뵽ʱ䱡
ֻˢĲԼˡ
ǸѾ뿪һ࣬ȫ֪ȥˡ

ȥ괺֮뿪ģ˵иҪ뿪һˡʱû£ʲôʱ

ֻش֣˵׼
˵׼

뿪֮󣬹΢Ҳã绰Ҳգû˻ظ
Ŵ֪Ѹʱ䱷ˡ
ǣϵѡ

Ƕ֪Ҫʱȥƽĵ׵ѹ

֮󣬹ͰȴţţʶǸѴһζˣġ
һġ

ڽ·ݵʱΪ̨׼ĿƬܹνĿʵļαϾֿĽĿרҵʿṩרҵ֪ʶҪȻĳȫ©Ļ粻ģʱڿ϶Ҳͣ

ڿϵһǱѧϵ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£Ŀһ뵽ģȻǱѧϵĽڡ

ΪΪһֱ˵ĸʱ䱣˽Ŀ鿼ǵĵһѡ

Ŀ鲻Ƭ̨쵼棬õĻظǣֻ밲ѧʲôĿ
ʵڴѧգ
ϾǮ¶٣Ǹ

ؼǸʱ䱲ȱǮҲûгͷսĿԴԣ߶ǡ

˵ҲɣƬһȥμһ
ñѧĺüλŽڶڣʱҲС

װʶƫƫʱкƬ͵ʱʲôϵȥȰ˵ԷμӽĿ

Ȼ֪ʱ䱸ѷֵԭ򣬿飬ŮȻվԼĹۡѻΪ£ʧһ꣬ɼ֮

Ըʱ䱿϶ǲ䲻ȥ

ùû뵽ǣǸʱ䱼һɥģʵǲǸƬˣ˵ҡ
û£̨쵼ܾˣøСർӡ
ͦνģʱ䱾ק˭ӶܾҲɡ

˭֪Լһۣ䵭˭˵Ҳӡ

Ŀֵڣ˶Ҫӡ

Σ¹ٳٶۣǱ̨ʡ
ֻΪѵѡ

ʱ䱹ȻμӽĿˣΪĿļαרңȻǰѾˣУʱ䱵ҲûôӴ

رмΣʱ䱿Լֹı飬͸Ͻ·
¸ʱ䱸Լ𣬹ѵ顣

ֹ˰Сʱӽβ

ʱҲѾں̨Ϊû£Ƭ˵׼뿪
Ƭ˸Ͻ˵ڣҪǽһԸʵллܲμǽĿ

ѵ飬Ѿ˸Ƭ
Ŀûȶˣ˭ĵ׶Ҫϲ˻

ʱûʲô˵ã̫ˡҽҲԼ˱ˡ
ôԵ֮⣬Ƭ

˵ԵһᷢýǱ߿ܻҪļƬ
Ȼʱ䱲ϲȻѾ𰸲μӽĿͲ᲻ϡ

ͷãʧһ£ȥϴּ䡣

˵꣬ǰϴּ䡣
ȴϴּ·һݲǰʱͿǰһŮˣŸ糤ۣϵĴ÷磬΢΢ǵһǡ

ѡ
ʱʶ׷ȥĽŲԷתͷ󿴡

ĿԣʱѾ̧ҪȥƣȻ¡


ԵƯŮЩȵʳ࣬øе¶𣿡

Ǹʱ䱵Ȼ˵
Ų̊μӺѡһˣת뿪̲סǲҪ˵ʲô

ʱ΢ղ۾էȻ⣬ٴϨ𣬳Ĭ˼롣
ûС
û˵Լϴˡ

ʱȵ⣬Ӵ⣬һīĹ

*

칫ϵ֮ͨ󣬾Ȼǿݴġ

𣿡üͷ̲סʵʲô
ԱҲ˵ֻãҪǩ֡

Ϊ̨ﾭǳ룬Կһֻ͵һ¥ԼǩգҲû룬ֱ¥

¥£ܿͿŻɫˡ

ó߹ȥӹһ̲סֹ˾䣬ͷ棬ԱߵĿԱ֪֪˭ĸҵģ

Ҽĵġ
ͻȻһ侲

ʶ󿴣ͼĴǸīĸһɫ㣬ϸ壬ؿڰ𪣬ȻǸƴСīڵ˴룬ֿק

ѣһ

ǵñ·͵ѵˣŵĶ

ҲĶֱڵϣȥסѡ

΢Цţס
ſļϣ޺ʵʲôʱģ

죬·ɻʵ˵
ɿ𾪵˵һˡ

һ̾ٲ㣬ʧȥΨһѡ

һ⻰˲һ졣
Ϊ⻰ĳ֮ҹóֻŸѷߡʮвһУҪٲҪʧȥԼΨһѡ

Һƺ˵˵ģҲǸ˵Ļ

Ҫ˵ͻȻ𣬴ʱڵ̨ĸʱ䱣˵ҪȥԱߵĿȵġ
Ѳð

ɹҪߣֻǰ칫ҵͬ£һ

¶ܴܲģ
ǲаϴҪģϽɣҪȻᱻϴ̰࣬ʱһ

ǻ˸µ쵼˱̬С

ﵽ㣬ֻ˵ңϹ

ҪæȥȵǱߵ㡣Ҳ绰ݣ˵
ֻˣϵӣȹȥҵһʽҴ㡣

˵ݿڣתţһ

俧ȵ¡Ϊ³Ʒ죬Աæͣ

Ҫ̨ȥͻȻԱ˸ˣһһڴ绰һǸ¥ְˡ
Էƺûע⵽ѣֱֱײ˹

һãһֽʻͻȻѣ̵Ŀȳͷ˹

СġһŶԷץֱۣ˼

ڵϵĿȣǲɱĽš

˻æǸԲ𣬶Բ𡣡

ллû˵תͷ˵л
ԷҲǼʿˣ֮󣬾ɿ֣ǹѴֱʧ

һлл֮ͻȻͣסˡ

ʱ䱱ҪߣһĽŲԭء
ٿתͷ˹

Ŀԡ

Ҳһ̣ſǰˣֻһ˲䣬Ǳһž޴ָ֣߬оҪֹͣ

ʱ䱵ĺ䣬һ̣˫ںڵŨң۵׷ӿźεռԣ·һҪ̻

ʶһ

ȴ˲ץֱۣס
ѣߡ




63.   63    ǳġ

ʮ

ʱĿһ
뿪еʱ, Ǵ뿪ģ»صУΪԼѾ̹ȻԵ׼

븵ʱ䱵ط, ʵԺ, ûԤĳ
˻ĳĵط̧ͷ˴ˡ

װĲ磬Ȼ̹ĸԷк, δеѹˡʹ࣬˹ȥ

һ, ѻûԼ, ȴѾ˸ʱ䱵⡣
ûǡ

ȵϢ, Χ, ǹϤζţһ񾭡

ȵ˱ΪССɧ, ˹, ȴǸӢ˱ǰƯŮˡ
ֱյļǱʧõı

ס, ֽǰƿ
źۼ֮ľ, ˵ڣþò

ʱֱ̧Ŀ, ǰҲܻẰԼ, ֻŽε٩·ʱҪòһ
ֳ䵭롣

ʲôʱģʱ䱵ʵ

£жʱˡ
ָ, ʵԼû뵽ĵһͻ

£ЩĬ
Ǹֽϵˣϵգ߹˵С㣬ĿӺЬ϶˺ܶ࿧ȡ

ѵͷһûϵڿӿ

ʱע⵽Ĵţɫ㣬ЩɸеģԵô׹ʡοСƣ¶һСϸϸ֫ϸӯһյĸо

Ĵ磬Ǹʱ䱼ϼ

Էǲ˼˵ţҪҸתϴ·Ѱɣڲ˼
û£ȷʵû⡣

ȷʵǺɫģǰɫЬȴԵĿա

ȷʾҪκ⳥ԷһεǸ»ȥȡ

Էߺ󣬾ֻʣˡ
ͷЩΣҸʲô뿪ʱʵʲô
ţΪڷʶĻ

ʱ䱺ֱ׼ܾʱͻȻ˵һӦûʲôɡ˵ڻǺܽ⣿

Ŷ
˵ѧˡ

֪ǹô˵ģ޷ǾڼԼ˵ǣ˴ǰģôԵԼô̹ҪѲӦĻǾǻǰ鹢뻳

ϧȷʵǸѡ

Բ׹ȥľʱѡԶǣӭӡ

ʽ˵
ǵ̨㵥ʱ򣬸ʱ䱸ԱҪʽʱһʽá
ʱҪȥһʱѴԱֱӽߡ

ʱתͷѵȻŶ˸˵ˣҵʽһԼģһǸġ

ˡ
ȵſڹŵķ
Žһ۾Ϳվڰ̨ϵˣȣʱվ棬˴ˣͬڶš

Բۣ
Բۣ
ʲôǰط޳

ʱ䱴ſȣǰȿȵġ

һֱֵϰߣܾƾΪЩʹ˳ĶϵͳӶȾֶ⡣
ϾƾͿȳߣֶë

ȻĿȣ˲⡣

ѴǶԼֿñ컹Ҫصˣȶֻˮ̲Ķһζմ

˶ģѾ￧ȣлˡ

ʱʱע⣬ûдס
ֱִĿ˰̣ʹ۾

תͷÿվſڵĹˣˡ
˵꣬ͷҲص

ʱվԭأ뿪ıӰȻֻж̶ʮӣĸıۿɼٴףپܾȡ
˵ͷҲصǰˡ

ֻΨԭء

*

һֱߵ뿧ȹݺԶĵطǴҴģѽĿȵݸ̲סʲô飿
±˵ı顣

ȷʵģҪȻղҲصذ֧

޷Ǿֱײϡ
ǧ㣬û뵽˾ײˡ

ţνļԵְɡ

ѵڣ˵˵ɣ㾿ʲôԲҵ顣
игΣġ

ֱ£ſȺһڣ䵽ߣС˵㱣֤Բҵ
ţұ֤

Žʱ䱲μǽĿϢʵѣ˵֪ǿϣŻμǵĽĿʲôû˵һҲϵ˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ

ֺһڣи٣ֲȹȥᷢ

һḸĸǵĺӣ١
С̫ᣬѹȲ
ǰְֱСѣزȳö

ѣ̲ס

ѻعһ˿ãȻ»ָŶû¶ԼԸģ㲻þöԲҡ
ظһֱûҸ˵ϾǰѣһϽĿ

һˢ֡

ƺᣬʣһô

¶ѵļ򣬱Թ˵ô£һʧʧôá֮Ҳ֪㾭ʲô㵽ûҵõĽð

˵ŻʹʣۿžҪᡣ

Щ˱飬˵ҾʧʣҪߵʱ˵ҷˣŷܸұһްɡ



ˣⲻǻˡĺ󱳡

Ǻ棺һ굽ȥĶˣ㵱ʱһߵ𣿡

ѣǣǸ÷֮һ𡣡
סȻ֪÷֮ΪΪ֮һӡǣһȴʮֶε

ڡ΢΢üͷ
ҲŪ÷֮ѣʲô⣬Ů֮䣬ܴŴ顣

ѺЦ£ҪϽгҲǸ˵Ͻˡ

Ͻ
ĵطĵطʧȥ׵ĵطҲݻΨһĵط
ǶתתһŵĵطȻϽ



һǰ
󣬺ܿ͵ԪΪ볯ֺܽһ涼¡ѼҵСԺĿ£ԺͬһƬš

⼸죬һֱûôš
ʱڹ￴飬󲿷ʱǷ

÷֮ʱ򣬾Ϳϣϸһɫë̺һű׵˿ֲĲҰ׸С

ȾˣߵѵߣǼ΢ᡣ
ۣǸ˷Ӧôˡ

ѵǰ˹΢ͷѣɲ㡣

ʲôңѴ۽ޣͬݽ
÷֮һЦһ겻Ҫ˵𣿡
ѳĬ

ѣ˵ֶ޵ģǲҵģײͷѪ˰ɣ÷֮Ҳڿ࣬ƽκĿǣģѵָһץסʵʵĶ

ѳ俴š
÷֮ʼվáīͼעģӦ޸



ڲ޸ʦˣ𾪵Ŀ

Ц˵Ҳǲ޸ʦûʲôʱȥ޸̫æˡ

ڸղţĵ˴˵ĽʱѸԼڼεй黭Ĺ黭С鳤
εм࣬й黭ղͻ鱦⼸󲿷֣棬ΪͬС顣

̫ϧˣϧ˵õ޸ʦ

ЦһǼŶйصҵҲȫԼϱж

Ϊʲôѽʵ
ѳĬ£ǰǿ˲һߵǸλãҲǷǵġ

ʵѾ֪ʵ޸ĺܶ黭вٶǸҵֱʡڱĵλᣬʶĴղؼҶȻ

֮ǰѵ޸ˣȴпﲻš
֪֮󣬸һ᲻֣Ȼ޷ֱЩͻʵĿģɴͳ

үүʵҲһֱͬԼ޸ʦ޸ʦ̫ۡ

һһҪ̳²

еޣ˵ʲô˰ֲûô޸ģ㿴Ϊ˵޸ʦ˶ѽȶһڡ

ɸ˵꣬͵صͷŵĿȱ

ȡ
ѾȻʼȿˡ

ǰҪƴסΪ˱Լ֣ܺҪףһڿȺ;ƣ̲մ˲ֵĶҲһβմ㲻Ҳǿˣҵˡ
ֱ̧̧֣ϵǵ̣ۡ

ף֮ңʧ֮

ѽȱյߣȻһЦȻôץסһԵ

*

ѳ극ؼңСſʱŷԼûŽ
˸绰ûһһӰſڣ˹ʱεڻѾˡ

ҲܣҾҪҪ㣬Զܲˡ
§˵

ҡҡͷεĸһ¥֮ǵһλס

ˣʱЦ˵
ʱʱѲڱӵ飬ȫ̶̴ġ

¼ҵķСĸʽ㣬̵ķһ¥޺ѵķڶ¥

¼ҹһȦͷ޵ͦµġ
ΪǵʱҪʽģļ˼ҵĶַ̺װһ顣

ѽ㣬ķ䣬˵װޣҸǲã죬ѧ֮ѧľơ

Թˣ˵˻̾ȥϢ

ڷϴ裬ķǼԣԴϴּ֡
ڴʱΧİζô˯š

ֱԺгǵӰ
͵һҡͷɢԺͷ
Լȥ˯

صУطֻܻᷢû뵽ô˵һͻϡ

֮ǰ˾ݼ٣ֻݼٵʱһζ

ȥ˾ʱû뵽ֵһĿչƷϵղؼңҲʲô飬ǹ˾ĿǰڸݺһĿ

飬ֵǲ𣿡Щ⣬н˰칫ҡ

СԱС˵鳤鳤ģҶء
ѾˣǿսԱ
ԭ֮ǰ鳤뿪ＸԱԼĻˡ

˭֪ͷֱ֪ͨ˸սᣬ˭

ѵҲûĿ׸˭֣Ȼˣã˵ڽеһˣ
С˵λˣͦѸġ

ˣҪӦꡣ
ȥһ·֣ĿλһϰɣϾ߻ˡ

ˣεȷʵǴ˾Ӧ׼ͦߵġ

ΪˣԴǰ˵ط
ڰţûһ½½ˣĿĸλΣǲݣвݷչĸˡ

ɱݺͼεƳһйŴչ

ѿۣ˵ǲǻһλѧĿŽû
Ϊչ漰Ĳ֣βչרŵĽλڣҲǰλڵ֣

˵䣬űƿһ޳ͦӰ˽

ʱ䱴Ű׳ͺɫ㣬˸˱ˬ䣬ɫ̷εĸ䣬΢Ե˸䵭
̫ã²ЦʱС

ڡ
ӴȻǸڡ

ˣȫʶʱ䱣׷״к
ϾȦﲻ󣬻ٶʶҸʱ䱵֪Ȳͣ⼸Ÿѡ

ޱĿһԼ

ؽе飬޷ǰһˣ۾Ŀ˫ַ㲻ɡ

ЦȻᣬֻǸڣ𣿡

һ仰ƽе塣

æʱƽʱ䣬С

һ仰ͱļ
ǳġ




64.   64    Һ㡣

ʮ

˵֮, ѻһȦЦλʦãҽ, Ŀǰε³е˴չ¸ˡ

ڳ˶չĺ, ֮ǰǰθҲ
Ȼ֪ε¹˾¸ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ᣬƯڡ

λʦ, ֪αݹй黭ʮչǼεͻȻ˸ˣôҺ⡣ҽڴ, λ쵼Ĳ, ʾǸ⡣

ʱ䱵ִ, ָ, αĵһŦûţ΢, ¶һСڲ
˵, Щ¶˵㣬û¶Խ

˵ʱ, ƫͷ, ΢򣬿䵭, ۵ȴŨҵռ

ʱطĵһ, ֪˺ܶࡣ
û뵽仯˴

ǰϲӦĳϣʵ⣬ӦҲ޹, û뵽һѣķ֣Ȼ˳衣
˵Ļ磬һ˿ë

ɼһ򶼴֮ǰǲᣬֻǲ롣

ְĳһģ

ϣƱյ˵֮ⷬѱȥзԱϾơһԵĸʱ䱿ǲҪˡ

תͷʱ䱻˵ѧУڳΪڣӦͷ

иɻɡ
ѲҪֲȾƣƨ

پƺ֮󣬾չŪãϾ£͵˼εһһΪҪĻᡣ
黭ļС飬ĦȭƣҪС

ΪսԱͲ˴ʱҲÿƾ˵

˵ĶԣǶĻȦģԲƣȺȾҪǵݡ
ǣʵһᵽ֣ҾеͷۣºȾơ
˭أߵë߶ˡ

ƽȾˣȻ켯˸ʱӡ

˵Ҳǣٶǲݻ߻ĸˣĽֹ־۲ͺȻ˽µͣҲ޼ɵ

һһһ΢΢ЦðȻҶҾϲ衣

ڵʱѡصʱѪѡһرɫĵꡣ

˵Ҫ裬ʾǵﻹרűݲˡ
һϽȥ׼

ܿ죬ǰһ۵Ĺţһ˫ŵıŲ֮

ò˵ıݣȡڳЩˡ
Ͼ˵ջ轴档

ձ鰮Ȳ裬Ůкò裬ֵյҲû䳡

;ѳȥ˸ϴּ䡣
ȻУǵ͸͸

һߵ棬ϴּϴˮ̨ڹռģϸϸϴһ飬Ȳɾ󣬾ʹӾ濴ǽߡ

޳αߵϵĵƹ⣬ǽϣļ

ޱջߣֱߣȻʱ䱾ģɤǳǳĺѡ

ûͣ½ŲѾֱԽǰסȥ

̧ͷѵڣһ䣬ûôϤ
ʱü

ԽѣС㡣
Լ֣Ѿˡ

ʱ䱲δƺ⣬ֱʵΪʲôε£Ϊʲô޸ʦ

磬ѧУ֯һοᣬ֮󣬼λϽġ
λ˵֮ǰμαǸչ֪ʲôԸ⻻˸ˣҪԷ

ϵĽǣһѧϲЩӦꡣ
ʱý塢ҲƾƣҲΪչǹʵģĿĸ˽йŴĻͨ񣬿йԻͺƾõĻ

С͵˸ˣ˵ҲǿͿģ˵Ҳû취ܾ

֪ΪΣʱ⻰ĸʱ䱣ͼͷ
ɢȥ֮ѯλ¸˵֣Է˵աԣ绰ͷ˵

չʱ֮ǰҲǼε¸ݺĿ

Ϊʱһҵģ
ʱ䱾ܾˡ

ʱЦ£ʵڣĻҿԴȥϯ𣿡

ڷ˷Լ۾ʱ䱣֮⣬ھư
ӲĻ档
ƺû׷ŹϽҲѵˣ׷ʵ˵˵ʲôĿġ

׷ˡ

һˣεεĸСﰡЦȥɣȥɣͷҪǽˣɵøϲǡ

ʱϱʱ΢΢һס



ȷʵǳģΪҪиɻ

ɫݣںڣҸ˵˲һɲġ޸ʦҶԣϲģʱţϲҲǿԸıġ

ط죬͸Լ˵˶ġ

Լı仯ĸ߸ʱ䱣ֻ˵˵ѡ

ֻǲϣһֱŬ顣

޸϶ô츳ʱ䱿۵ףȴ޸ʦݣй
֪ĸı䣬Ǻûǻǻ

ɸʱ֪Ϊǳʣôı䡣

ƺھ£ЦһѾϰĹûҪԼϡҵѡ񣬸κ˶޹ء
̫˽⸵ʱˣֻǿı飬ĵ׵뷨

ҲƲסԽ뿪

÷ϷؿھҵԾ࣬һ̶ͣЪ
ߴȥΪһ룬Լ궯ѵࡣ

Ƿֿʱ̫ң˴˶ʹѪ죬ʹ޾İ˵ĸ鲻һأ˵һֹ֣ͣԱ˴˵İ⡣

ҳϡ

˵ֺѶ֪Լôֹͣ

ֱӣ˲ܵѿɳܵѡӱܣеһκˡ

*

ʮģѸλʦϳûˣò˳˳ģ˴ݵķá
ȻûȾƣôˣҲʡǿȥƣ롣

ְţˣѳ޲ѡ

ܵõŴرֻµˡ
һʼЩ˻ѵᣬɣǷֽǵǸʼѵϸ¡

ǰǽӴѴȱġ
񻻳ɽӴˣֻҪóʮ֮һģ˶Ŀ࿴

ֻ֮ʣ¸ʱ䱻û뿪
ĵʵڣǿʱ԰дݡ

ãסĶʱ䱷ôʵ

ȵ΢΢죬ѲҪǻȥ
ô룬ʱֿڵǻȥ

ڲҪǽгҲҪдˣ䵭˵ſԼгȥݣ֮Ҳ

ǸŮһ˵ŮŮ֮ľ𶼺С
ѹһϣüλڣǶ鳤֮϶йʲôΪʲôָᷢʱ䱶ѿ޷ǾΪҲŸʱ䱿һ

Ȼ֮ǰϿλڵƵıƵҪ˧

鳤ȻȥˣȻɵݣϽóֻԼ
Լͦģſͣ£ϳվڳѿ۳ӣ˵ѳϢң֮ǵøҷϢ

˸OKƣ鳤ҲؼϢɡ

ؾʣѺ͸ʱ䱣ֱӵȥһ¡

˼Ѿгˣֻ
ʱվԭأȴת·ߡ

ûһѽеԼˣϳ֮󣬸ձĿͻȻ˾˵С㣬ǲǸأ
ʲô۾ۡ

˾ɫĳ㿴

ѴʱѾϳȷʵǸʱ䱵ĳΪԼĮ̬ȣˡ

Ͼ䵭ֽ棬ֻб׷ܵķݶ
Ӧò׷űˡ

֮ǰȻ˵׷ѣ˶ǲǳŮ֮ʱĻϲĵȴ׷

ҵΪ˲Լ·⽫׷˵ɵôĻǣǴűĿġ޷Ǿ˱˴˵룬׶Լʧܹ߳ȥ

طŷ֣δǡ

С㣬ҪǸģҪ˾ҲͦĵģԼôţҲµΡ
νû£ˡ

˾Ȱ˵С㣬ɱ𲻷ϣȻǹΰãкܶ໵˵ġر㻹ôƯ

ӺӾ￴һۣĵ׸пȷʵƯ
عĳ˿Ưһɣһϳǰһ̶ֳȡ

л˾ĺ⣬û˵

Сſڣӽͣ¡
ڳҲͣ·ߡ

ʱ̧ͷһСԭסˡ

֮ǰǷֺ󣬸ʱҲŻ뿪õĽϾ˭ܽܣԼ׵һ
ѻ˵е÷ߡ

Ƕʱ䣬ʱȫδеʧǣ尾֮ûסȥҸһʼֻҿųڽֵΧУͣڽֶ档
ȻԽԽ
һҲûѳ֣ãֻһΡ

ֱһ죬һͣӿڣ̫խȥҹ½½˶

ԭʱ䱲δ⣬Ͼֻסһҡ

ֱѹҵǰΣʶЩ˰ľѼĶ³ȥߵſڡ
ͿСԺųţԺ

סһˣסأ

˰ͰĲˣʣô㶫ԷȻ

ʱվСԺɻϤĳһĵãȻ

Ƿֿʼʾ˾ֹϵ̬뿪ѡ

Ŷ̶̰£ȥ¥ա
Ϊ˶ôϲСԺˡ

ʱ˵СԺĸ壬ĵĵطٴίֻҪصСԺܿġ
Ϊںˡ

ڣʲôҪˡ

ʱ䱾վԺͬһֱи˵Ƕˣˡ

ѾǵãԼôСԺ߳ȥġ

ڳǰСſͣ£ܿǵϸӰӳֻСſȥ

Ҳû뵽Сſڻɵġ
һȵˣײһº󣬾ȻŲߡô־ƹǶԷ

ڶԷĹֱۣһǿƵֱӽ˹

ʱ䱽ѵŶԷҪұ𣿡
㰡ײңָԼ󺰡

и˺ܿԱ߸ѣ£ϽǸ˼˼Ѻȶˡ

ȶ˲⣬ű˾⡣ʱŶԷ

˻㽲һǸǸˡ

ѱûæ˼ҼȻæˣǿллˡ
㲻øôʱ䱵˵

΢΢Ĭ

Ǹʱ°ͣȥɣôˣȥϢ
ҲǡѸɰͰ͵仰תߡ

ٴʱҧּĺѡ

ߣ̲ססȱߵƣ·һԼ̲סͷȥ

ʱ䱾վĿȵţƹãƣлл

Һ㡣
һֱ롣




65.   65    ˧һá

ʮ

ѻص, ֱӵԼҵСɳϣ֧ɳԵͷ̫Ѩͻͻֱ, һ̶Ͳ
ͷƴ۾, ֱ̧֣Ƥ

ʱ䱸˵ĻصԺ, Ŭϣ㡣

͵طϴ·ϴ, ͷ, , һ°, ʱѾٽʮ㡣
Ѵϴּ߳ʱɳϵֻ𶯡
ùһ硣

ϴ, ߽绰, ι
Ҹ㷢ʮ΢ˣû, ΢вˬ˵, òָ·˰ɡ

ѣһβ

ڴͷ, ˸, Ц˵ڣôˣ
첻ȥֳԷ֮, Ƕûúþء

ô˵Ѳʶĩ⼸սֹ˾飬ϤḶ́æǲɿԸûעһת۵ĩˡ

ѽʲôһڴӦ͡
ġ
ͻϣ

ŶһסģϷҵѣҵ֮⣬϶õˡ
ѣȥ֮ǰȥǼϰɣ֮ǰҲû㡣

ŤˣðɣǼ˾ǧء
ʲôõġ
ֲǷڣҲʲôҪӣôġ

Ҳ֪ĸûԣ˵֮ǰ˵ˣ˭ѵ˭һٴ֮ͣǰǷһ١
ѵˣʲôʱ򡣡

ѣҪǰԤԼײѡ񡣡
ò˰ɣ
ѣҲû취ԤԼ԰ɡ
ѣײͣ

ڸԵƵ˵ڻǹ̲סˡ

˵ȡȣλŮ㲻Ҫתƻ⣬شҡ
ѣûѣȻѾˣ֮ǰѵٷǷġ

Щסε˵ʵҲҲûʲôġ

ѷֱ͹ʹˣԼҪƷѣ⻹Ǻýúù
ˡЦһ

ᵽóԵģ»ûԵҲ˺ܿ֡

ôѺõ£ҲͻȻһʵ֮ǰڣ֮ôˣ
ʲôô
ҾãӦʲôɣҪúø˵ˡ϶ҵİ취

ȻԸʱ䱲ر˽⣬һֱ˺ͲǱװǹӾе
ѷ֣ӦòʲôС촥ߵĹѪ顣

һֱ̫ˣֵĻҲ̫ϧܹ⿪˴˼ᣬҲôʹࡣ

һֱûѯʹǷԭĹ˿ʵǵʱΪʲô֣

֪ʵ
Ӧ
Էʱٸ㡣

õ绰ͷĹ໴ƽƽǴ˯žǰɡ

ڶ죬ԤԼ˲ͣԼ̳档
ϵ꿪̳Ķ¥¥ǿԹ֡

ʱ̳ȵһ͸ֲ˼·϶³ڵͣ˰ͣλ

Ů˽̳ͬԼļҡ
ĺþû·ˣװһûУһ߱Թһ߷£ѹ⿴ԣȰҲԼҪģһ죬һʮ죬첻ҵġ

ɳϷĵ־⻰ЦҲЦΧĵԱ

ڰ·ĵԱ˵ŮҲ̫ǫˣҲ

һȦһף˳һ³īĲУ޲̳ﶼš
ŮţҪԼõ㣬žԼ̲סп

ѲһҾԽѧԺĽڣĸ֮ǰҲڵֻ̨ˡ
ȻڲĸһססķǸĸϴѧʱ͵һȫ

ڵ̨ĹнҲԣҲóеʲôʻԼһ˾ͿԡƽʱǮҲִͦŵġ

ʶ⻰ɷЦԼ𣿡

ԤԼʱ룬ǵʱ䣬ԱֱӽǴԤλá
ǵλþڴߣϲ36¥
ҹһ࣬ȥһƬɫƹ⣬

˻ûסѻʱϳ˹ȥ°ͣѣϴ֮ϵ𣿡

ż档̹ͦȻ˵
նǰĲ裬Ҫһڣ²ˣЩֽ죬ʣ죿Ķģ

ѽͳԷʱ䱹˵˱顣

һӣҾ˵ǳɢԵְɣ㿴һرײˣôɺϵϡүڰǣء
˵ɺϣ֪ġ

޲ھԭظϣǲ˵ڶ

ⲻùɻһǾǵΪʲô֡

ѣǵΪʲôְҿӺԸҲȫûо͸ڵǶô˵һ¡ǶǱˣȴһֱûڿԽǧ˱˴ˡ

ǵãѵ˵Ǿ仰и˿ԽǧӱԵ֣үҪú߽ǰһĳ̶ȡ
ѳɹʱһţİ顣

ôһֱû̸ڵһϲˡ˾벻ʲôɣĿ˵Ҹ˵Щ︵˵ûҺûκιϵֻǲʹ࣬뿴㲻֡

ѣϣҸ

Ůӵž϶ȣ֮Ի߶߶ΪҪԻ߶£ϣԼܹҸ

΢΢һЦã˵Һû˵ҵɡ

΢ʵôȷʵûô飬żᵽҲ˵ùû߱ܡ
ʱļҳи˹һʼǾѵİְ֣ŷø

δԼĸĸ

ǸӤһͱҺİְְҼȥģ˵ͦƽġ
Ĺһ۾ͺˡ
ٶ֮죬Լû뵽

Ͻȥֽһ߲һ˵˵ңҾôûϢ

һֱҰְֺүүģʮ꣬һкܣҾ;ǺǱ֣ҰְΪ˾ǣ˻ͱˡ

㶵Ŀ

ĻѲ˵Ҳµˡ

Ǹ걻ȵǸ꣬Ǹʱ䱡

һֱڿޣùϲ˵ķԱЩĲ̵Ŀ

ˣôóԵĶȱˣָһֽ
ʣʲôʱ֪µģ

ѣǷֵǰ죬ʵ֮ǰһֱڿ⡣ʱܺˣҲǣӦΪ¸𣿡

Ҩһǰʳ˾ǧϵĵ꣬ʶζ
ֻϧڳʲôеʳ֪ζ

ʵҲҡƽ˵š
ãȻ̫׵˵㲻ʲôѣקѡ

֪ԼǸηˣ෴Ϊ̫޾壬ŻᱻڸΪԼˣʲôԲܲˡ
ȴףԭҲвҵ顣

µľһƳ˫͸䵭ŴʱȻĶĸоѾⱲӲеڶΡ
ڶʱˡ

ѵͷŪǰĿӣҴС͸ҰְΪһְҴ󣬶Ҷԣȫ硣Ϊǳȥ֮һֱԼҪɵ£ҵۣܽҿ˰̡

Ȼ˵ƽ֮ǰǸϼҵͬѧԷ˵ƽѾͷ˷һҪŪԷ
̫ˡ

µǣһһǨŭҰְֵ׹ϡҲĴóѣҵġ

֮ǰǰŨԼ͡

һһء
ʱʱ䱸ô죬ô졣

Ϊ̫Լ˺Ͼ̲׵ʧʱʱ̿м䣬һĴ̫أ˭޷ǡ
ʱ˷֣Ѻ벻õİ취

*

ٷúܿģѵ̹ףùٷ޸ͣ

극֮󣬹һ˫ۣѲߣҽȥ϶˯ţҪȥưһɡ
ΪǰѴȾƣҲϲڵĳϣûһȥưɡ

øղֻԼһȥưɡ

ҡͷȥϢ
Ǵ껪Ѳ㻹Ҫȵϰʮȥ㳡ϱĵ𣿡Ǵˣˡ

ֻܸһǰ

ưɽСľưһ֣ǵſʱͿſ¥ʰ쵵ģȻÿһ̨׵ǰ涼¼
ſʱһưֻ谵ĳһưſ͵ĸо
ƵĵƹȾһ΢ա

Ѿˣ֮ǰʶʦǵ̨йκ

Էһͷ̷ļ֣Ϲһֱסˣûˡ
æҸ㲻һҾһ󡣡Ц

񣬡ˣѽܡ

һ˫۾ѣֱǿֱ۾
ûֱ֨Ȳĵ˵ֱۣ˵ѣҽãǸ

ŶǸһֱ߶ûĴˣһ·Ӧ

̧̧°ͣʣô
Ĵָ֮ǰΪ㴵ţڷʧˡ

ˣһֱ˵㣬ڲż̫ϧˣĶѼȤӣһ˫۾ûŲ

ǵù̲סȥ۾ˣСᡣ
˵꣬ʹյǰһ˭õ˵ѣģԱУȡС

ų񿴹ȥԷ˿⣬ǳǳһЦ

Ὺţ˵ȡѾʲôҴŵ飬رȦֵط֪ʦױʦӰʦܶԱԵĹԱȡҲС

һкһģֵķ˸Ȧ

ʱưɵĵƹðٴʱ̨ϳһֶ֧ӡ

ǽãرһֶ֧ӣֳ־Ʊһ˵һֶӵ

ѶԾưɵĻӦҾưɻܷΧ
ֵֺеĵط

ֶӵı֮󣬴һѷǰҲȥҡͷǹ⣬Ҫһ˵ס

ֱӽק˹ȥҲ֪˭ӫܿ죬ӫĳ

Զһ棬иԭںѺȾơ
Ŀأסˡ

ʱ䱱鷿յ΢ʱڲһϣһȻҪҪư档

ġ
ûھưҲ֪ô

ҪĻһ룬ӷһͼƬ
ֵĵƹ£ƮĹЦҫۡ

ѡ
ʱһ۾˳

ʱ䱣ַ

յ΢ʱһڽƱľƺ꣬˹Ľַ˹

ˣʵеӦַĽ࣬ھưɵĮ̇Ա˸λ¡ƺûˣ͸һȥˡ

ڰ̨ûһ˺üڨˡ

Ѷֱ֣Ӿܾ
ֱʦЦ˵ҪҸưɡ

䵭ʦͣΪ˶ƣⱭ͵ġ

ܿ죬ʦһɫβƣǰʱ˵Ɑƣǿա

ɫҺ︡ŽɫĩһȦɫʦֻĵʱͬǿհˡ

ʺ㡣ʦЦ
ҪȥƱû뵽һֱֻ֣ӽǰǱƶ˹ȥѻͷȥͼŰµˣһֳžƱյߡ

ͷʱոɾưƹյķ
ҲһС

ʱ䱽ȿ˵ľƱ£һֳŲ̋ǰ㣬ѣҺľƣڿһ˰ɡ

ĵʦ⻰ĵ׵ʱԲۡ
˧һá




66.   66    ǵҵǡ

ʮ

ûѵķӦ, ʱֱӿʦһShirley temple

Ѽ״Ҫ
΢΢̧ʱ䱵΢ѹļ򣺡Ҫɵ, Ⱥһߡ

ʱ䱲δܻ, ôֵطĸ˱βơ

ʦưôãʲôû
Ϊ˶, ôһ˺ʶģ

ܿ죬ʦShirley templeǰ
һֶ޾ƾβ, Ůר

ʱߵǸ߽ŵ, Ϥĺڰ״, ɫԼɫװ, ھưֻ谵ĵƹ£䵭Ҫ

ѳƳһۣû뵽ö۾
Ŀԡ

͵, ֱĸо

ʱʵ˭һģ
ϲˡѹ
ʱ䱵û, ЦѱЦòϲ, ˵

Ͳϲ

֪˵ȥ, еҪעӣϾŮܻϲǰ˵ЩǶ, öԷ, ֻĻ
ʱִ

ôˣѿҪʵ

˭֪˵ŻͻȻһˣֱ۴ϣ, ʲôأ

üŤͷȥ
һӣϴŵֱֻʧأĸʱ䱣ֱסԷƣĸָ֮أ۵ᶼҪˡ
ˣʱɵס

ۣۣ֣֡
ϹĹһĻϽڣһᡣ

ʱ䱼ɿԷĮɨһۣĿһһˣȴѸٶ˹

ڣѾϲЦˡ
һҲû˵ͦϲġ

һ֣һ߿Ÿʱ䱣ưɺĵƹӢ˿ֽķΧС

˭޲סؿڡ
бһۣ֪ĵʲôӣΪư̫˵ô±Աߵֻһ΢ţҽõˣͱˡ

񣺡Ҳ̫˧˰ɣо־ܸɵҡȻ˵ˣҿͺáּ˧磬֮ǰôҲ㺰һ𡣡

˼һڣ㺰𣿡
񣺡Ȼǽڣ䵭ĴѧڣУѾԲһСӰˡԵڰңô
ɧˣҲ.

ԵڰңʲôС˵

Ҳֻȱѹûע⣬ȫǵ˵Ŀʼ΢š
Ѻ͸ʱ䱵עѹûϡ

ûһӿǱߣи˲Ⱥ˹յߣһֱӴڸʱ䱵ļ

ҲûкȿѣԳɤӺѡ

ҽѸһϵЦŴк

ϸһէһѻ˵ĴˣߵĶ۵ĴڣƯѹû취Ĵڡ
ղڰ̨һӾע⣬ǰǰ˹ڨ

û棿Ҳ֪ʲôǸǸߵС

ѵЦһСӣʲôưɡ
ӵͷҲǡ

죬ŹĲӣ˸ͷƵſϣҧ䣺أҲҲ˧ôʶô˧磬һ档

ʶ˧𣿡˸ۡ
λðɡ

Ӹղһֱߣʱôվţɴ˵Ǳ߿˸Ҫһȥ档

ѽѽһͬ
һӱ罻ţ֢ЦưɣΪ˷棬˶֡

˶ͬ⣬һҲ÷ԣǣһȥǱߵĿ

ʱưԽԽ࣬ر˼ˣ˷ܵŤ壬ҡͷ˦֣ԱߣҲЩײ

ҿԱһֱֻδļ򣬻סΡ

Ťͷʱ䱵ûͷ۽΢ͷƺΧ̫ԼսĶ䣺Сĵ㡣

ʱ䱲δûռʲôˣ촽Ķ䣬Ҳһľ롣
ֻһȵϢߡ

˿£һƿƹλϾˣŶȦˣһƼʱ䱣ͦ𾪵ģ׷׸к

ѰһԣȻڰ޽ɣپܾȺ;ƾ

ʱ䱳֮һƶûմ

ԱһƺѴڨ˸ɾӸƣݹŮҽ껣ʲôְ

ѲͷЦЦĿ
껱Ц߻أֱԱߵӺһţ˼ҹ֣ɲʵġ

ӱ˵߸ʹɫһȦǼ׵С
ƽûٸŮŮѸһһĻ˵ʵŮŮҲʵ껿ǰˣڵƺ̵ĵط˫۾ֱ䡣
ҵˣ̫ˡ

˵ϣԵ֡Ҫһ

ֽľƣǰ˵ݡưִڨΪҶֲ֣ȫ״ˣһϷģ

ӼԽԽ񻰣ʾûˣ׼ֱӿڡ

ͻȻԱһֻ֣ɫ䱻С۰ش¶ְֱۣʱֱ˲䣬ӲҪסԼ۾

Ϊֱϰŵ̻Ҹף̻Һˮš

ʱֱӽ̻ҵƱȾơ

껶žƱɵԭأζ߶£磬ŮѰ
˵ǸʮӣҲҵϷʱ䱵ŮѰ

ǡ
˭硣

ͬʱһһĮһƽֵȻı飬̶ֳȣ˵ûϵ
˭ţ

껿ɥ¾ƱϽԼƱ˾ƣɩӣҺȶ˺˵˵⣬Էһ

һɩӽеģʱ䱱ĮĺȻһ˿Ц⡣

һԵע⵽סԼ۾
ǰɣһɩӣֱӸƽˡ

ӱΪⱲҲܼһأʱΪ˹Դ׵ĳ档

ãҲʲôɩӣֱȥϴּ䡣

*

ưɵϴּҲر֣һϴּЩʲô°ܻ飬ϴּſڶ뺷ĺ±վڡ

·ϴּȣײһ½ǣΧУҲ˼ǵȻ졣

ϴּͷ
ϵ͹ͺһƣưɣָ˼Ҳ֪ô£Դġ

ʱŲЩ鸡һʤģ

ھưƯֶһ˵Ů׳ΪȻûиӭ߹Ѿע⵽׼ÿ

Էǹײ
ײץֱۣãû°ɣûײ۰ɡ

ɿѻ֣Էץֱۡ
ԷϵʪƤֶĵĸо

˾ȻôߵģҪס˵ҿ˲ٰɣҪҴȥϢ

ѱûԷƲԣҲֻЦһ
̧ţֱúŸڶԷЬϣ촩ϸ߸ЬԷЬӻֵЬϸڽűϣݺһ룬С

..ӡ¶ı飬̧һƾҪȵϡ

ϸҪ׼֣һӰ˲䣬һžͽԷ߷˳ȥ
ԭվſֵˣ˷ɳȥһ׺о

һ

˿ԱһҲһʼ˫ֻҲ֪˭˾ƱԷͷҹȥ
£Ǳȼߣսһš

ȭȭư̼ҳһţеı˹ȥδ¼߻һˣȫû˹ܡ

ʱŶԷ죬һȭϣԷѪ˳

Ѹһ̫ãܺͲܵˣһ۾Ϳˣʱ䱼ȭȥԷڵϣֻдķݶ
ٴȥҲҪаɡ

ˣǰס
ʱŶԷղôģڵǸ

ڵϰˣĶ˵ˣȻҪǸҲеΪѶԷֱŸʱ䱵ֱۣŻңߡ

ǱߴܵսԽԽңƬ衣

קһ·ܣ±׷ϵģ
˳˾ưɣͷǰרƫƧû˵ĵط

ڵˣðȫĵطվһʱɿ֣ŭʮëͷС𣿻ѧھưܣ֪֪ղһжӰ졣

һڡ

˵ʱ˲ѹҿһۡ

ֻưɣרżŮӵѲ븵ʱΪˣԼְҵġҪ汻ع⣬ķ顣

ؿھһǿݷסת䣬˱ӵǽϡ
ʧһ˲˫־ͱʱһְֻס
ٸͷȫŨҶȵϢ

ƣѱ̧ͷʱ΢ֱ˫䵭Įĺ˿۵ͬУףֻ벻һеĽǰû

񣬴Ũҵռԡ

ɿһ֣û˵ڣѾס

ʱƫͷֱҧסĴǲһ˿һȴĳֱ룬ֹ̣Ҫƫͷǡ

̫ǿƣһֻ֣ס򦣬촽

̫Ϥ˴˵壬ʱ֪ôǿƶʧ˱Ĵꡣ

ԭΪؿڣ˿ķֻΥѾмİǡ
Ա߾ǽֵưһ֣ҹʱֵ֣ʱ

·ϲֹгҲкƵ˴ߺȺͳӦĳҵĺţ˿ľ͸ż
Ϊﲻʱصŵʪ.ˮ
ͨѶϣǽϵָ̲סս

֪˶ãѵ·ȫա

ĿǽϣƺѾ׼ȵ޷ܾʱһ޴쳹ҹգֺܳ¡泵쳹ҹա

͵۾ԭ±

ʱѲ֪ʱɿֱۡ
ԭֱۣڸղŵһ˲ʵѾ̧׼סȴǡ

˫ֺݺƿ˲һξ롣

Ѻģʱ䱣ҪһѾˡ

Ǳݺݳˣϲû¶ѹı飬̧¶һǳЦʱִ̧촽

ǵҵǡ

ղŵĳһ̣лӦԼ




67.   67    ôƯ֣˭

ʮ

ֻʱ, ԼͷûϢõˬУӵ, ˻
ѹҪ, ֻһֱ졣

ĹڵʵʵڴϹһȦͷϵң, ˵綯

ŴԶ߻򿪣ȿֺӯŷ䡣
ĵϣ, ѾϢһ, ּۺ֢ĸо, ϰࡣ

ϴ, ¥ʱ̸ȥ¥ͻ

С⽣첻˵Ե, ̿, кԶ
߹ȥ, ͻȻʵ, ϵ𣿡

ôˣڶ棬, һ, ϰĬĬ¡

°ͣ΢̾һϺ⽡
ֱ˵Ǿˡ

ˣǰڼǹ, ҪһרỊ̇ÿ춼ڼԷҡҡͷ˰ɡ

ǳˣ޴¥һ¥һߺˣˣҳٵˡ

ȥѧУɡѿһʱ䡣
ץץԼͷ磬ôҰ

ô֪ûУƳһۣǽ֮󣬲ȥ͵ģû뵽˯˸
̸ղûɴûУҪһѵ

¥ѻ֮̾ͽĳǱֻǻһȽϾɡ

ѿ·ϣһϸ¡
һ·Ͽͣͣһ̵ǰΪȵĸ˼ƮֱƮǸưɵҹ

ֵľưɽ֣ƫƧȵİһ塣
εεŴӻг룬ǰ

˹˾֮󣬰źýĹ쵽ʮʱ÷֮ĵ绰˹ֱʵڹ˾𣿡
Ȼ֣ȴʵش𣺡ڰ

촩ʲôɫ·÷֮˵
ʶͷǳɫ
÷֮Լࣺ¥

ڣѲ֪ֻ˵ǹ𣿡

÷֮ȴû˵ǿ¥

Σ˭˼ҳ׳Լϰ壬¥ûһᣬͿһɫͣ˴Ե·ϡ
÷֮ĳѵȻʶ

߹ȥ³÷֮˵ϳ

˳ע⵽÷֮һ£ǺɫųѸǰʵҪȥĶ

ȥ̳
ѣȥ̳ʲô

÷֮Ťͷ΢΢һЦ·

Ѽֱһͷˮô𼱻ǽԼΪȥ̳·
ɫҪع˾

ʲô÷֮ЦһӼǰ

̳һȥһֱֱ÷֮ڵŵ·ѡһ׺ɫȹ˵ȥμ촩·ʣǺɫʡ
סһ˲䣬ʵ˭񣿡

÷֮ȻҪףȥȹӡ

ܿ죬ѽɫȹӴϣһ׺ɫȹĴزʣݣɫԵӲӯһա

ϳҲżˣĵųǰ
ȻСʱӿһǹݣͣº̧ͷŲԶǼá

˿ſڶ˰ɫȦﲻ˴źɫ·¡

ߵſڣͿǸ޴ĿĺڰƬ
ϰ塣

ڴѵļﱻ˳תͷ÷֮ô᣿

÷ָ̧֮΢΢˸Сơ
Ȼ֪Щ˵ϴΣһθɭ棬ծǶʱ֪ɭŶٵϵ

ҪɭҪ˳ϣҵɱ˰ְֵǸˡ

һˣ׷ʱ˾в;ˡһˣôû
Ϸĵطһùú͹ø˵Ҳ참ľ׷ʹӵ˵Ǹܿܵ͵ɣܵȥˡ

ѳΪ޸ʦ󣬾һֱ͵͵ߡ

֪ȥİˣǱˡܰΪʼӣһ¶ģ
ܲ鵽ǱˣǷ˲СĹ

ʱֻ֣ȥ׷ʣ걻ȵǸ˭
Żܾ֮󣬲ŷָʱ䱾Լߡ

ôҲȫȻûнȣڰܰǼ꣬еĵƷͻȻ
ܶûˣ˵Ǽⲻò߼

ǰ»Ծ

ùϵһ߼Ʒ˶ܱסģ˵ֹŶרЩйȤˡ
һ֣䵽˾

˾͹ĴЩƷҲҡһ䣬ΪƷ

һ㣬Ҳѵ˵һǸ˽ܴһֶǽƷˡ

ԼǼ߼Ʒְֳ֮ǰϳļƷȽһǳͬһˣַ֮ҵڵĴãȷԷļٻ

⼸£ܿ϶Ǹسˡ

һֱ׷ߣֻϧԷ̫ߣһֱû¶档

ѵ걻׷ɱʱɫ̫ѹûԷĳࡣ

ɭ߰ˣܶ˶ͨɭͷŴߡѱųߵ㣬ô궼ˣں⼸졣

ڣɭȻˡ

ôģѵʵ

÷֮ûش𣬶Ǵ֮ǰǰϹ֮Ǽ

ɭӴ˿Ѿ޳ˣ˶վȣҪ˷šѺ÷֮÷֮ǰο䣺ڰ˳䣬֮飬Ҳ뿴޳

÷֮Ƥ໹еƭԣԷο󣬿ŵͷ˵лл

֮󣬲û뿪
֪߻ṩ緹ʣô㻹Ҫ緹

Ϊʲôأô˶ڣ÷֮΢΢ʼ硣
ʵôģ

˵÷֮Ʋ졣

ľͱȽϵʽѾڵǹһ񣬲ṩɥ𻯣ṩʳ
ͣóԵġ

÷֮ȴûȥԷϢңֱҵɭϢҡ

˿ɭӻ棬Աߴˣڲͣο

գ÷֮˼¡
ͣſڿƿº͵˼һ¡

ǣɭӿһۣЩӡ󣬱Ͼ˵ôһģŮʵӡ̡

÷֮ղЩ࣬Щü˵

ɭӵɫһ䣬ϵ飬һ㶼֪ûˣҲûá

֮ǰɭ£ծȥһڼҴźӶա

÷֮ߵߣӶͳһŷ⣬˵ɩӣˡʵҰ㡣˵ҪˣһŮ˴źӣ϶ѡ

ɭɵˡ
֣ŷ⣬΢ۣȻһп

˵ˣǺӵգ㶮ġ

ɭٲỳɣɭǰϵõģȫˣ֮ܰǮ

˿̣ͻȻи˳֣һпҶء

ôȥˣ÷֮΢ۣһʹģ
ҪǿɭڳѲҪЦ

ݼȥϷ˷츳

ᵽʱɭһ±޳һ궼ûϢұΪĺúõģ˭뵽ˡˮһ࣬Ŀ

˲ɴ˫ۡ
ɭȻһǰˡ

Ǿǣҵɭ֮ûãԷˡ

⣬Ǳıɱġ

߳ǹݴʱ÷֮ųĬѣʣʲôأ

ɭй𣿡ͻȻʵ
ûȥɭǸصĵطƳȥ˵ɭڻšȻ̤ڷɵıԵﲻ

ر֮ǰ㣬ɭŮĸ׵֣һãȻģ

ôСʧȥ׵ζѱ˭˽⡣

÷֮ãͻȻЦ˵ѣҳôΨһ۵˾ɡǰΪʲôںڿʲôں鶼Լ

һ
ǸСŮ̲סԼ

Ǹֵ𣿡ʵ

÷֮ǺһЦЯ˳ȥ˭֪յſڣͻȻ÷֮߿˹ҪԱһã÷֮ȴۼֿץס

𶯣˿ء

һ㶣Ų΢٣ʵ˭

÷֮ǰѡ

סҪ˦÷֣֮û뵽÷֮קŵĸΣ˦˦̧ͷȥʱʱ䱾վڲԶǣվһλãѹı顣

ͬһɫװֲڿ㶵վԶԶ
һ

ʱǰһڿֱĿ⣬ϣôһ˲ûɵ顣

층ʱǿ˾Ҳûϵ

֡Įľ档
÷֮Ҳ֪ǣĿĴﵽˣɵɿѵ

ʱ߹ʱѱΪҪԼ˭֪ǣƣֱӳװ¿ڴķ¡

ʱ˶ٶ˼

Ǿ÷֮࣬ѡ
Ѷû뵽ʱ䱻ôɣϾֻ˵ӡ

ʱ䱲󣬾ͽԼϲ˼ϵϣĴ֣ôƯ֣˭ġ




68.   68    ѣһɡ

ʮ

Ŀɿڴǰ, ѣҪˤĵز

ǲǡ
ʱ䱣Ǳ괩
Ƥʲô, ΰɣ

ĵ׶һ²ۺ, һʱ䱡

Ϊ÷֮Ա, Ҳ˵ֵ̫Ļøʱûֻһ, , ̫ôߡ

ʱί, ᱻget

ʱ䱿ôˣ

÷֮ͻȻ, ʵѣǽһ𣿡

ĵðõԤУһ˵, ʱֻ, Ҫ

òλǰѰɣ÷֮Ѳ˵, ˵ԻİѸʱ䱵, ҧǰ֡
ҲѸʱ䱣ûʸ˵ղֻ

ʱƤ, 䵭Ŀ÷֮òڵ˾ɡ
Ǳ̨ʣ㲻ҲǸ˾ѡ

վм, ԼԱʵڲôɵĻԸʱ֮ڡ

÷֮һű߼ʣʲô, Ѷ֡

ʱ䱲һǸ䵭ԳֵģСѧһ죬֪˵÷֮ǸÿԼ

λɣˣֱ˦ǰߡ

תǰߣǹݵλÿΧһƬɽˮ̣дķ磬һɳζ
ʱ׷ʱͷɫ΢

Ϊʲôߣ

ѣΪ֮ǰʶһˣܾûϢû뵽ȥˡ

÷֮ͬʶˣţʱֱ
Ƥܱ΢ʱƬУֱʱͬͷ

û˵ʱĵ˵μԼʦ͸䡣λڼĵ·ˣʮɻ
ϸ¸ʱ䱼ʱ廹ܺá

ɲһ£ʹסICUϢջûоȻ

˭֪ʱƫƫѸһվһ˴ͬɫϵ·Ӵ߳ĪĵǶԸС
ָоĵ׶µܣջûס׷˳

÷֮ԣûͷܵ㡣

ѹں÷֮ˣѵ̬ȣ֮ȴ÷֮˫ԡ
ʱ䱵һΣ޷ѿصС

Ƕʶˣƺ̸⣬ƫͷأΪʲô
ѧУһλݵĿŽȥʱƽƽ£һ˿ҵĶʦоʿһֱҡ

ºʱ䱳ΪѧĽڣҲʦһͬ

վ֮£ӵʵʵ֦Ҷ͸Ȼļͷ˿Ѳŷ˿ƣ䵭ɢĵѹ

ͻȻʣҪȥ𣿡

Ͻڵɭ֣ųصİ֣ʱ˽еľջľϹ뿪

ܶϽڵѧ춼ˡ
ѸŸʱ䱽ȥ˻ߵǰͷǰľ޷Ƭ

һλݴº͵ߣƬǺ۵׶ŵЦ⣬·ڿЩԼһ̵ѧ

Ǹ֮󣬸ʱǰϽڵ˵ʦĸڰ˳䡣

ʱ䱣ԭ޵Ѿ޲ᣬ˿̿Ͻϲѧǰٴʣлл㣬һֱææȥԵӣֻ˵ʱһ㷴Ӧ

˵Ҫ˳ʱ䱵Ҳǵģ˵ҲûôϢ
ϽڵӣʱҲϤ

ҲƼվߵѣͻȻʵ֮ǰ˵ܵǹ𣿡

šʱӦ
ϧûƼ˼ĵ׸ܣ֮ǰԷ֮һֱ߶˵ʱõ֤ˡ˵ҲͲϸµ顣

޳仰ǰ쳣ĳء

죬һֱڸʱ䱵ߣ˰ʱѳȥſڣѣһҪʦĸǣͲؼˡ

û£ҽеˣѿڻ˵Ҳڰ˳䡣

ʱû̲ס̧ͷлл

ԭѳĬվţͻȻתͷʱ䱣ʦң
ʱ䱿ǳһССĻȣȻЦ⣬ȴ᣺ţʦ֪㡣

ƺҲ뵽ʲô˵λڣѵλ

ţλŶӣʱѾʮˣɻڿŵһߡ
Ϊ˻ԭʱ·

ʱ䱸ڲͨʦϵ˵Ͽ·Ϊڷģ
ڱѧط꣬ʱ䱾ʹ⣬Ҫ׷ĽŲ

֮縸ӡ
һθʱģڿЩο˵Ҿ֪㲻ʧһ겻񡣡

ոѷӣʱǷϵĲ񻰣Լڷ첻ơòԸ߳ȥѼӶ
Ͽε˼ûУڿѧ֮ǰֱӸѧУ˳١

ʱ¹ɽĿҪ֣ϵȻͬ١

ʱ䱼ν˵һ䣺Ҿʹְˡ
Լʲôˣ֪̺ûڱȴ뿪ˡ

ҪȥԭԼԶԶĿҲá

¶֪ô֪ϵְϽڳɽȰ˵ϽҲֻǽеԼ˼ʮľ˳

һ߸ʱ䱵һ˵ԭҾ˸õģ˭Ҳ
ȻΪʦƫĲȡ

Ͻȷʵƫĸʱ䱣Լһʿ
ѧЩѾתЩɴת̤̤ʵʵ߿·ģʣ¸ʱһˡ

ѧŵ˾٣ĸǷëǡ

ƹѲϽڿŸʱ˵ҪְҲУûУһǹĻҪ֪ΪڵְλˡΪ˵Ǹж𣿡

ǣֻŸѹ˻ְ飬ϡʱܸһ֮仹Ե֣ġ

øʱ߳ģϽڵⷬ

һרԼĹ֪һġ
Ѹ׵Ǻ֮һǵ

ֻҪʱ㹻ΰܹԽǵϾְԸҲϣҸ

ֻҪʱһѣҸѡ
š

εΡ
ѽеԼˣһ۳ƣ˵Ҿˡ

߹ȥʱվıӰ

ͻȻŵһ˲ʱ˹ȥӱסѣһɡ

ô޳Ǳ˷ʱˡ




69.   69    ҪþУȥء

ʮ

С, С㡣

ԭԼ˼ʱѣ͵̧ͷ, ͼŮЩǸʦʵûʱ, Ȼذɡ

ԱߵСЩʦ˵ǿǼʵġ
˵ˣŮƺϰСҲû, Ц˵ʦûա

ףȻʦûգǾ´ݷá

׼뿪ת, С̲ס˵鳤, ˵λʦʲô, ԼҪǷôڻˡ

ִؼ, ѲŰԼĻˣȦ, ±˰ǵһˡŶ, ǵȻʮļӡ

Ѵݷһλιеһλؼ, λڱ, ǹڣղص, ˵λĴ

ʱ, Էų磬˵Ҫһػ
һʼҲû˵λҵĻ˭֪͸¶Ȼǫ黭λʦ֮ǰһйŴ黭Ʒڶߵļ۸, ɽ4ڡ

ȻûܴƣǷݲػͼڵĳɽۡ

Ҳ֪ʱ䱵֮󣬲֪ԭүүºԾ˱ݡ

С²ۣҪҪżӣǻ

ѲΪȻĵЦɲǡԴӡīͼĳڵ֮ͬǱžҪǵļ¼ιɲֹһ˾š

ǻû߳ȥ칫ң˵䣬߹ˡ
˫һ̣˱˴ˣͬ΢΢һ㶡

СһͻȻ˵鳤˺Ǻ˰
Ȼʶͦġ
ǰǸŮǺ³Ůϴһ峯黭ؼ̸ˣȻˡ

ѱǴװʶֱ߹ȥ

ܷƺᣬڿʱѾߵǰһ˵û뵽ʵȻҲʦҲȤ

΢΢üû뵽ܷϢͨȻ֪Լڼʵ

ôҲ©Ц
۹˾ʵһ𣬶һʵ

ܷԣʱЩջ𣺡ǺȷʵڱصãϾݼʦʵȻֻ˼ɳһ鳤

ȦӲ󣬼ʵȦڵͷӶڴʵй黭սһŮ鳤һ޸ʦ
һ򽫼ʵ֣Ȼ˫һ

˼ʵһһע

ܷû뵽ѾȻпսˡ

ܿ죬ιеٴγ֣ǻû뿪ȻЩ֣ȴֱܷ˵Сܣʦ㡣
鷳ˣ飬ܷºһЦŶԷ˰칫ҡ

ߺСһҧСʱ˵ʲôûʱǣںһǴȥˡʲô˼

΢۾˼ǣιоݵ΢䲻Ļ

ʲôѽīͼɾ鳤ֱʰѵĻܱīͼ𣿡Сߵ
ѣôīͼҵֱʣ

С˾ˣҶ˵ǿ÷ܲܿսģǾдţ˵Ϊ޺īͼ黭Դ÷ܲŻ㵣ڵְ񡣡

˾ҪľȶĲƷԴ˺ܶ˾ԱΪӣرһԱ
޸ô꣬ĲؼԴɲһܱȵġ
һСС鳤㲻ʲôս

ڶ磬Ѿͱ÷֮һ绰еܲð칫ҡ

İ칫ڹ˾¥⻹˾֮󣬵һİ칫ҡѿϤĲϤһԽӭ˰칫ҡ

ιиԱŸˣ÷̧֮ͷʵ
ѣô֪߰ŵ̽

̽ղ黭ܾܼѾһ㱨ˣҪȥ̸÷ָ֮Ÿֱʵˣת
ܼ黭ܾѵĹֱӻ㱨
ͬڹ˾רҼ

ֱڰ칫Ĵɳ£ʵ׼ɲܼȥ̸

÷֮ҡͷԷǣǾǿɲǼʵķƷ׷١
˶š

÷֮Ҹһᡣ

˵꣬һɫŷ⣬߹ȥŷĿƬһ
ҵõϢιҲμᡣʱһͬϯܲͿԼı¡

¡

׼ǰѸ𣿡ͻȻ÷֮αϣϰԵĹɢЦ⣬ʮģ
ѿ÷ܣһ䣬ҵ˽¡

÷֮ͻȻЦ˵ͬһطˤΣǴ˲Żɵ顣ѣһֱĴˡȥһ˵ץסĶأ㷢Ų㣬Ͷҡˡ

תͷݺݿ÷֮죬˵Ҹʱ֮顣κ˶ûʸָֻţ˭˵Ѿҡˡ

ûжҡΪʲôֱӾܾ÷֮һѪĴ˼

ѵûԥ
θɻˣֻиʱһ
ѹȻĻ˵ԭء

÷֮ڼȱһûֱӾܾĹȥԽԽʹˣֻԼ

ò˵˿÷Ѹͨ͸

÷֮һۿˣ

һҪˣΪʲôôҵĸ顣߳ŭ֮޿˵

÷֮ĸֱһתϣ̧ͷȻΪϣܳΪҵұۣǱĴŮˡ

*

ĩߵʽʼǰ͹ңҪ׼μ͡
ױʱһֱ˼Žιе顣

ܾ÷֮飬޿ȥֳ

С͹ȥѽ㣬Ҵ绰㡣
ãҵʱиͺˡ

ɫôУ㴩ôƯĶ㵥ؼҡ㡣

΢΢ųգĳˡ

÷֮Ҳˣſ棬һȥ
ȥѾͿʼĴιеӰȴδǻû

һֱҪʼʱͻȻſڴһɧң÷֮ͷȥѿ˲䣬̲סսơ

ȻѾʮеĿϣŴݣݹĸоرԼɷֱʱֶ֮ķΧ˼ġ

ʱվһ࣬һֵǶԵķޡ

һϮɫƬβȹŮˣ΢죬Ǽ䣬һĿ۵ʯǿʵɫϵĳȹӳ
ɼôĿĴ磬ûòķֺ
ŮˣվûͬʢСõ塣

췽ô֣Ȼһ˶ˡ
˿λϯȻӡ
վڸߵˣòǸǸӲ¶ĳӰɣôе찡
ʶ֮ǰϺܺǸ˧ڡû뵽ȻҲôţ
ү׷ͷ԰ɡ

ᣬһμӲһ˳໹ôԽ

ڿһ̣оҪȥ

֪ûж⣬ڿ˲䣬ԺǶμͱ˳ĳ֣ͺһ˶ӡ
ǸʹħС

ѸŤߣһͼԼ

ֱԱߣݹһˮ÷֮˵û°ɣ
סˮҡҡͷû¡

˾ǲǰǸԲܿ첻˹ȥкֱѿܷһҲ߹ȥ

Ȧ˭֪ΰһֱҽף÷֮˿ģЦϧȨλ٣Ӣ顣

ܷĸ׻Ϥ˵Ц˼䣬ܷһߵվԱߡ

ڸλӣǻһء÷֮Ц
üû˵ڵӣ졣

ʱ䱱ԼѲûпı顣
Դǹһ֮󣬸ʱ䱾Ҳûҹ

Լ˵ϵǾ仰ʱѲɷϣԼжҡģһ̣ҪĻ˵

ô޳ȷʵӦ˷ʱ䡣

ߣˣû˱Ҹ֪޳⼸ֵĺ壬ΪһϦ֮䣬ҾԶʧȥҰְ֡

һ̸ʱ䱱ֱۣͻȻס

ǺԶû취ʵ֮Ǻһ

Ѳ֪Լô̹Ȼ飬İõĸʱһûˡ

ļ϶ҵ˻ᣬιм档

ԷʮıĺܺãĴװԵø

С㣬ĴιЦųƱ
̧һԽûʱҵ𣿡

ιû뵽ôֱӣ΢΢ʼ磺Ҫ֪ΪؼҶҵĲƷϧϣ³֣Ҫֵƥļ۸񡣡
͸ӦðǣϾȥĻϣǼʵġīͼĳڵۡ

ιǸĪЦݣĿǰϸǼи

Ҫ۶

΢һھƣȴû˵
ιУƺĳŵ

ֱ˵ĻĻ𣿡

ͻȻι׻ĵ׵ʱһԼӮ˸о

⼸һֱ벻ͨʵʵǸ涼ùУΪʲôιзҪֱԼιеİ칫и˴绰˵Ҫʯ

ԷҲû⣬˵绰

Ƕ黭޸ʦԷһֿ֪Ҫ黭޸

ιǴؼңҪȾϿҲûʲôϡϡľڣεķٶϾû˻ú˾Դʵ
ΨһĽ;ǣιȷʵҪһĻ˵⡣

ס˾ô۶ķü˾ź
ǩºͬĻ޸׵ͻá
Ҫ޲ã˾ֵ¶һרŵ޸ʦһ

ƶĿιУ΢̧°ͣӦ֪˭ɣӦ˵һֱڵϹɡ
ʵιͿ˼ʵΪ˾ʵѵ黭޸ʵ
Ҫ

̫ĻԼʵִ˾ʵһƴӶ

֮Լ˾ʵˡ
ֻͲסϹ˲Ϊź

Ӧ÷ڲҪȻӣҪڼʵϳ֣ǿɵøˡƶݡ

ιбΪԼˣû뵽ƣֱԼƶй¶ˡ

ãˡһźͬҰ칫ҡ

ѾƱ΢΢𣺡졣

ιθ±ӣ졣

*

˿÷֮ϴּԶվŵĸʱ䱡߹ȥŶԷͻȻԼƣתתָŵĽָҿΪڵң

Ҫˡʱۿ÷֮
÷֮

ʱ䱣ѵҲ֪ʲôֶΣ޸Ĺ˾Ϊ޸ʦĵʱ򡣡

÷֮ͻȻ̧ѵ֪
ʲô

÷֮ԽÿЦ˵Ȼ޸ʦԭ򶼲ָ֪ңò˵ҲֻǰѶѡ

Ͼû˻ǰ޾ϸı

ʱ䱵ĺԽ䵭ǲ֪ΪΣ٣ͺӦ֪ԭɡ

ܿ죬÷ֻ֮
ӵ绰ûУɫ䣺ã

ǸҽûʱΪˣϣ´㲻ôһ֪ҡ÷֮鳰

ûһ÷֮ҵѣ˵ɭųˣҽԺ

ʲôѴʧɫ
ʣҪһȥ𣿡

ѵͷȻɭʬҵžͳˡ
òҲǱڵİɣ

Ȼ÷֮һ뷨һ߳ȥߵƵſʱû뵽һҲſڵȳ

Ҳǰ볡ɫƺЩ̫á
Щ

˫һ̣ɫӲ԰ףֿ֮ʱ䱡

ʱҲǱһͨ绰岻Ҫǰȥ
ſڵ˾ʱһתͷͿӴһ࣬ҴҸˣѴŵĳȹƺЩж㣬÷ַ֮ס
Сڹɼ˵ĵשߡ

ʱ䱴˿̺ζѵϣĶɭų顣
ûע⵽

ûһۡ

÷֮ĳȵˣŸ˵棬򿪳ţֵ̧סϳԼһϳ

Źϣӻ
ʱ䱿űûڳˣ˿ѣҹķ粢䣬ķ·׹뼫Ԩֱ֮Ϊ
ôҪԼļˡ

һĻȴĳ

ǰһ룬˹ȥûųѣߡ

һʲô顣
֪Ϊʲô޸

Ťͷų⣬ͣûĸʱ䱣ŵøϽ˵ͣ

÷֮Ը˾
˾ҲĻԽԽ죬һֱǰ

ѾҪšţ÷֮ȴס֣ѣϲϷң㵱Ϊʲô޸𣿾͵㳹׾ܾĻᡣ

ͻȻѿŵĶס⸵ʱ䱻ڲϵû

ǽϳӵٶȣ˦

ѣѡʱ׷ųӣ֣ͣһ̣Ǹ䵭Įĸʱ䱷·ʧ
ʹԼ᲻Ļᡣ

һ̣ڲᡣ
ҪþУȥˡ

𡢽еһУ




70.   70    ϲ˭

ʮ

дžװ׵, 㣬׷򽥽ԶȥĳӣƺҪóϵ˻ת⡣

, , ס磬ŵʧС

ڸʱ׷Ƶǰ·һеĵ綯ӹսǳ˳, һԶ𣬵綯ǰһΣֱֱײ˹
أ
޴ĳײ, ҹз˵졣


Χе, ߵ·ĿһĻ, ̲ס޴ļ

׷ĸ⿴ǰһĻ, Ҳ޷侲˰磬硣

, Ҷ, ӾƵſڵ·ҴҸϹδ߽, ͿڵϵǵɫӰ
衣ۿŵõ赹, ҶϽס
ҿʱɭɽҲʱϵһѱס

ǰ, ɫ˵, 绰ҽԺɾȻ

һʱ䣬
ﳵˣŸͷ, ȻųˤˣǺܿվ˵ҵ£Լġ

磬磬֡

ڵ϶ݵԵĸʱ䱣˿ƺָЩʶͷǿգҹǷһ¹ɽǿա
ǰ·ǸӰվǰЦӯӯ
ǻӳزסŮ黳ϲ

ѡһ

ڵϣ׼סʱ䱶ϲͣѪĵط
ԣ֣ڰա
ûɵۡ

Ϊֵܣˣôϸһ̣ȴܸоʱ䱵顣

ǰĳں̵ƴͣʱ÷֮ڴ绰ϧһдۣҲҪõҽɭӿ
绰ͻȻ֣Ű뿪

ѡ÷֮ٴΰסֱۣͳڻͷǰǻһֱݣҪ𣿡

ѻͷ͸󳵴ԶѾʲô
ֹ
Ժһֱиȥ

ǣ˵Ķԣұҡˣһʼ֪ɻҿʼ˵Ҵûֹͣϲ
涵ǰ÷֮

ͷǰѣһ˻ͷ뷨

ѽ÷֮Լֱϵֻ֣һҵûȥ

Ѻԥ³ʱ÷֮ڳ͸󳵴Ĳȹڣ·һ·ǰ
ҹ·ƣͶܰڱܵŮϡ

ܻؾƵʱ·ϵȺɢȥǾƵ깤Աάֳ

ô£ѿŵʵѪһʵ
Ա˵ղи͵綯ǵĿײȥҽԺ 

ĵиԤУʵǸո𣿡

ԱģҡҡͷǸҲ֪˵ϡ
ҽԺأȥĸҽԺˣ
±ҽԺԱ֪˵±ҽԺľȻġ

˳ǰ±ҽԺ
ҽԺֵĻʿŷ֣ǵľȻ·ϣһԷֱӽ˽ˡ
ûҽԺ

ôܰѲ;˽أ̲ס˵
ʿ˵Ҳû취ԱļڣǶͬ⡣

˵Ǹ̫żʿƺҲ飬ֱ˵Ҫ绰ɣֻ֪ȥĸҽԺˡ

ֻиʱ䱵ĵ绰˹ȥֱֻӹػˡ

֪ʱ䱼κһ˵ĵ绰
ȥֻܸӴȥ

ҽңѣ绰һͨ绰żԱš

ӻ֣ôϵأʵ԰ϵʱ䱵ļ֪ȥĸҽԺˡ

ʱסԺˣʲôʱ飬һЩֻˡ

æҵ˵ȴ绰ʣһ¡

ֻվ·ߣ˼ҵľѾ޷Ҫʲô˶ϣġ
ʱ䱲顣

̲סԼգͼʱ򣬱ѡ

Ǻڡ¡ġܣе̣ӵǰ·ƵϵСƣŬ۾
ٻޣı֡

Ӱְȥ֮ѾͺٻٿˣԼ

ֻٴͨӵ˹ѣûû£ǰʱ͵˱ҽԺ飬ʱûΣաڹȥûɣ
ûС

˿ûͺã򳵣򳵹ȥ

˵ллҶϵ绰´˸

ϵҽԺʱҽԺֻܰм¥޴ļںڰɢҫ۵ĺ⡣
ߵ¥ſʱһȻ˲˹
һ˼˺ѷεĿڿտְҽԺҡ

ʿʽĲ˸ʱߵ̨ʵ

ʿ̧ͷһۣҪ˵ͻȻһѡ
һ̿㣬ӵ绰ʱϴ裬׼ɳϿһӰ

ʮ¥أߣк
Ѹȥ촩Ÿ߸Ьһ·ֺѾ۵Ŀ߲·ֻܿԼ־š

ƺҲĲԾʣû°ɣ

ɫ΢ףҡҡͷ

ģϾܼˡҲ֪˵ʲôֻܲסİοѡ

ʮ¥ͣ£˳
ת䣬ͿȵĲԶվŵһˡ

пɷɭɽĻ¶ľʵ̫ǰŵֱӻԡ

ҶŸ֣մʱѪ

бڣվһ԰š

ֱ߸Ьڵϵ˾ѣҶ̲ס˹ڿѵһ˲ֵ˵ֱָۡ

ڿߵʱվԭء
ƺǵȿʵʱôˣ

ҽڸ飬ڵȱ档

ܿ죬˶ҽ˳
ɭɽʣҽҶô

ȻܵײǺĿǰֻˣͷ˿֮ǰѾ˷봦ĿǰֻСϵĹѣԼദˡ
Ҫһҽ˵֢״ʱܳԺ

ַߵǽڣָմˮ̳ѸС

ҡ
ʲô¶ûС

ҽ뿪֮ǰѵʣڿԽȥ𣿡
ǿԣϾѾôˣҪͣãϢҽҲǿôһȺվ浣£Ҫǲýȥ˭ҲϢá

ҽߺ򲡷š
͸ɭɽ벡ģߵſʱ˫̲סڣѣ㡣

Űڸʱ䱳ȥ׷һ̣Ͳֹͣ
ᣬڿʱ䱵ڵϣԱߡ

һͬجΣҪ

ģҲ˵κιֵĻѵ˵

סŰ֣šʱĵƲǺһյƣ没ĵطЩ

߹ȥʱͿŵˣŵɫƲŷ
ͷϰһȦɴ鷢˳Ĵɴϣɫ԰ףûǷ䵭ţԵøᡣ

ǰһŵˣ۾

ԭ˫ʱֲңۿһ뿪ԣ֮ǰǴηֵĴ

ɵĿʱգ۾
۵ŲŵĹ

ѡʱƺ뿪͵شӴ
ȻҪְסļ򣺡𶯣ҽȻ˵ֻˣҲ𵴣Сĵ㡣

ʱƺ뿪ץסֱֻۣһߵƿҲһζ
ֱϸŵϣЩѪ

𶯣ְסֱۣ˵Ҳߡ

ڴ£˴˶Ӷš
ʱ˫һգգĶ۵׵ľѹţȴƲסⷭӿ˿˿ʵʵš

ѣӲ

Ƿ𣿻浱Լʮ꣬ΪʲôҪ׷ųӡѱ۲ۣ󷴶յʡ
ţȻ顣

Ǹ³ʱӵŽﶼ䵭ĸʱ䱣Ȼ׷ųӡ

ʱ䱷û棬ƫͷΪҺܺڡ
һ

Ƿ֮һֱԼŬΪʲôΪʲôô׾ʹӦߣ֪ʹҲ١
۵ȶִţþһУסҰˡ

·𡢽Ρ
ϲǸҲЩģԥĳ

ѳĬá
̧ͷֱֱʵʲôҪҵ𣿡

֮䣬Դط֮󣬻δƽ͵һǸԷɢôãõ֪ôӺδڡ

ոʱڵ˫ʵΪʲôҪ޸ʦ

÷֮˵Ѳ޸ʦԭ򶼲֪ȻҴԲԼһǷʲô顣

΢˱۾ջǻڡ

ȥҲʱ޸һŻ
īͼ֮÷ֽ֮һʱԶ븵ʱ䱣Զˣ˳

湤Ŭ޻ֱȥ㵶

ȴͻȻʱһһĻ
Լĥ㵶˹ѵͷۣŵ޵ڣĥã޸ʦ

ô𣿡ʱ䱵ͷ̧ۣҪϲԺҸĥ

Ҹĥһӵ

Ϊȥ꣬ʱ䱣Ϊ˳
֮ǰҲù㵶һ̣޴ıϮȻʼᡣ

δ뿪ֻһֱĵ׵ĳ䡣

ܶ˷ֶ飬һƬһѵԹ䣬˳ǵصľ޴ʹ֮С

һعʱҵ˻ϣǡʱּ޸ʦôôͼʧ󡣿ԽҪЩᣬֲԼĹ


סʱ䱿

᣺ԽԽʱͻȻѪˣҵѪ罦Żϡ

һ̣ѷˣĿǰĻ·˻е¡ֱ÷֮ҵֲһĻ
վڻǰ棬϶ǰɵѪ

ǰҽԺθճĤѪѪʱء
ʵ÷֮ƽʱĻᲢ࣬ҲǴ֮ŴרŸ֪ҹҹ޻ҪеľͶ뵽޻֮С

Ϊûʱȥ
ѾƴȼԼ

ڣԼյˣ嶼ڸͣˡ

үүң޸ʦǹŻҽ޷סģͲȥ̣Щ屦ϧЩĸ޸ʦ޻ŻģֻҪҵ޸ʦһգҾͲ޻κһ

ǣǷҲ޲ˡ

Ժ֮;޻ˡ

ΪѾΪ޸ʦ

ʱͬ޴ϮͻȻɿԭקС۵̧֣Ҳɴɴ΢΢ϵĴա
Բ𣬡üĽʹ

ָĦļС䱦ֱ壬ڴϣ῿ĶͷĶͷ
ѸƽȣҪˣȴš

̲ס

Һʹ࣬֡ 

仰ͬţҪҡͷջʲôû

ǣʱ֮ľ룬˿ӳΨӰǰҲû۾ȴҲܸо
ٴο˵һû취ߡ

۽ޣ˫ǰʱԼǰ

ִռԵϮס

뵵ˮն㼯۽ǣһξӨᡣ
۽޲ͬŲ

ǵΪְȥӰļڱݣ˿һ߽⣬ĩ𣬿ķԽԽ
ЩɼԼĿ



̧֣ͬȥգ۽ǵǵᣬ׹׹һ룬˵ǸһҲܸоԼš

ʹҲãҲãЩǸһܵġ

Ǹ˪ѣôꡣ
¾磬ܵ¶ȡ

۽ǵһᣬڹ

ʱٴθ˹΢΢գ˱ǵ۽ǵǵᣬĴУȴѷԽԽࡣ
ˮζ΢͸ſɬ

һ̣Ըʱ䱶ԣȴǸȪۡ

촽ǵ󣬸ʱ䱵ͷҧס죬Щ۵ǣҪֱ΢ҧʣϲ˭

۾¿
Էľ̫ƺ⣬ҪõĴ𰸣ֿסĺԣֱߵ죬ҪİԵ

ڣѺ٣ֵؿڡ

ʱٴ˿һ룬ֱϲ˭

۾ͻȻ˵ֵ
ˡ

㡣

ȴûŹҧĴʱ˵ҵ֡
ʱ䱡

ĵҹιڲϣͷĻŵǵԲ£ɢ͵ĹߣĴӴ˴ߡ

ʱ䱵ıǼǵĲĶͷͷʱٴοĺǵССӰ
۾һƬǿգ˿Ƭǿյ룬Լ

ϲ˭
ʱ䱡




71.   71    

ʮһ

ڱҹƵů, һ㵭ɫɴ
ʱָ⣬ߣֽڴ, , ˵úϢ㡣

ߡʱֱ۾۵ײزסľᡣ
һ, Ľۡ

ɢĶ̷ָͷϲŵɴĦ, Ҳˡ
һֱ·

ǳ, ǳɳĵ·, Ϊʱ䱵, Ŀྡ
û뵽ȴһִ

Ҳǰˡ
ô֪ʱ, ôʹɡʱ, ֻοţȵǸ, ְȵˡ

Ϊ, ޷һС
ͻȻ䣬ǵİְֵһ

ᶨĿŸʱ, Ҳӱ, 뿪

ҩЧʱ䱺ܿ˯˹ȥ
´򿪲ųʱŷ˶û뿪

Ѿ˯ˣε, 䵭˵
͵һѽȥʼᵽɤ۵࣬˻ȥ

ɭɽ״תͷһԣ⣬ȴȥϢ
ְ֣ǻȥɡҡҡͷŵòᣬôܾôҶ뿪

ҶվһԵͷֻǰˣ޵Сõ壬ʱҲЩȻһϸҶŵùǺҲ۵ùǺ

ѻȥɭɽڵ

ע⵽׵Ļ£ͷãȴȥˡ

ӣҲǣһˣȥϢɭɽһǴҳģ˵Ȼ˸Υ
Ȼ֪ʲôʱסԺƻйء

Ҳ¸ɭɽѣȻĵͦɭɽ̲ס˵ôˣѻȥĸȥϢ

ѣͣͣɭɽͦͰתͷѯѡ

ѵһμʱ䱵ĸס
˵ĸףʵüۼ仹кܶีɭɽӰӣǸɭɽֳ¾λϣ˵ʱѾº͡

ʶԼѵȻ֡
Ͼڸʱ䱼ҵݵһ֮Եһ۾ϳԼ

ҪԣȻͷǾ鷳ˡ

Ӳʲô֪ɽлƫɽУûɭɽлҪ˵
ܽʲô飬ӵһ뷨ǣȱѡ

һ룬ʱ־ģӿ۵ףΪѣɲ뿴ʱٳһΡ
һ˵ġ
Ϳˣʱǰ

֪ʱȷʵûԼ˵̲ס˵ôˣʲô£˵

ɭɽһЦΪѣ

ѣһֱôѡ

һЦôܣôôءϰ̿Ҽĸĸ

СӸҿ۴ñӣɭɽûԻԻס
˼ǣҪΪѣͲĸĸˡ

Ҳ֪ڱԼЦ£οҽȻȥϢɣ鷳ˡ
ӣҿʲôء

˵Ҳܼ֡

һ¥¥£ҪҪȥ
ҿģҲȥϢɡ

֮󣬸סҶ֣Ҫ뿪ͼŤͷֵֹȻû
ʲôⲻɺ

Ҷɫǵ˵׷λСܹȥģҪһ㸸ĸҽԺ϶˵ĸˡӾﲻôݵġ

˵̲ס˿
ҸղŻ룬ҪΪλ㣬Ҹô

һۣϲѣ
ţϲҶ³ŨܵĺڷڰУһߣžһԴ֮ϧɡ

⣺ 

*

¥ϣҽԺֻʣˡ
Ϊȷʵ̫ˣҽԺĲҲҪϢǲš

ɭɽ˵֪ںӦȻȥϢѣǶģ𣿡
áѰͷ

ߵҽԺ棬ʱмСݻš
𣿽Ӧûʲôɣɭɽº͵˵

룬ʵ˵ţе㡣
ҲöˣһȥԵ档ɭɽһݡ

Ϊ̫ˣûһˣϰںʰҪõĶϹŵ𣬸Ͻ

ֻһͿ˴Żʵ·վЩխԵô롣
ҪҪʲôһͦˣʱҲЩľګ
ɭɽǽϹŵĲ˵˿˵ʲô

ҡҡͷƺûʲôθڣ˵һ档
Ҳһݣɭɽֿۣ˵һ档

£ԶĳﴫƹƹҵĶ

٣ϵĺܿ졣
ɭɽĶˣһʹãԵĺ졣űͦװףȻѾѮȴɱݱͦġ

ģѲЩ뵽ʱ䱵ˣҲɻ⸱Ӱɡ
ϣ˧ϡ

ƺȾˣҲÿ
û뵽ѡһ꣬ζ֮ãн֭Ũ㣬ðﶼζ

˳Զͦģֻƺûʲôθڡ
ȴҶԵĲ࣬ɭɽ̧ͷ棬ǰŮ
Ȼǵһʽ棬ȴδɳκһʱ̣תѧϸС߿ѧѧҵ

ѣҴϰʽǸΪ֮ǰ˵ĻΪĻɣΪΪɭɽѣ˵

ԭأΣ˵㲻
һԵԭֹסᣬҲڴ˿̵̧ѣԲѣԲ𡣡
ֻ˵Բ𣬽һĻڶ¡

һֱң飬Ǻʱ䱽ԼڼŸ˵¡ұ棬뵽ʱδػԸǡ

ɭɽ侲һʱ䣬ٸѼ棬˭֪ȴ뿪˱

΢۽ޣƺ˵

㣬Һ˴˵һӵǸ͸л޷ֲţһֱϣܹҸ֡

˿̧̣˹
侲ƣʵ˵˷ָʱ䱾ǵǸ֮⣬ǣ˵ڷ֮ҪôţİĶӡ

ԣʱɫҰס
סԼԲĶԲҲ֪Լ鼱֮£Ϊʲô˵ֻ

Ļɣһĸ׵ĵ밮Ҷԣһ裬ɫĮԭ֣أû취ԭ㡣

ĻѹǸݡ

ڵʱ׿ڸ߸ʱ䱣ԼǳڱĿģŸһ
ȻΪķ֣Żôƭ
ǲɷϣ˺Ϥ˸ʱ䱡

Ѷȥ룬ôãʱôġ
ڷֵͬʱشȴǣеһжԴƭ

Ƕܺߣֶ˺ߡ

ѣǲʱܽܣԭ£ɭɽѾ޵˵˵ֻϣֻʱˣֻδҸ

޷ԭϰ̵ΪҲǰԲǰ

*

ڶ죬Ϊйֱпա
ҽԺʱû³ڳĸʻϼϦͽӳճɽɫףɫȴǢ

ڣƿţ³¥

˲ſڣ΢ţ滤ʿڸҩʵ㶼ڴߣվһˣʲôÿģ

ڵһˡ
Сʿʣ˭

ţ˽ȥСʿǰһЦ⣺ȵ˵ˡ

ʿߵſڣ̲סͷͿʱ䱿粽ֱӽѱ˻
ʱֽڻ°ĥĶϣ˵ô
Ȼί

δԸѰţȴûֻر

ʱƺҲĲԾɿ˫סļ˫ŨҵοãͻȻͳʣˣţ

һҹսʤ˳嶯ˡ
˻ȥ

֪
֪ӦòһнԼߡ

΢Ŵ£˵ƾԲǺãѿľӣƴһ𣬾Ͳѷ𣿡

ʱ˿ƺѹİܡ
ָ΢̧ϸ۵գΥİᶨһһʱ䣬ȥ޲ѷ졣Աԥһжҡ

¾ԣвУ̧ͷʱ䱷·֪ڵʲôպ˵ٸһΣ׷Ļᡣ

ãƺҲ˵ˣǾԣǲУ͡

ʱɫ̼øѿҪΪѴӦԼû뵽ȻĴӦС͸¶޹̲סҧ
ֱǰסĴ꣺Ҳ˵ֵġ

ԣñ˴أԭĵ׶ѻһĳأͻȻʧ

ĵʵԹ𣿡

ʱ䱿Կı飬䲻ʣôģ
ҲڡĻش

ʱҲ뷨һĶ̫ͻȻڳ嶯֮£׺ڵľڻԥ⡣
һúñ֣ͬҡ

˵̧꣬˵ֻù

ţЩ֡
ʱֻǸԤѣҲȰҵ΢żӻɡ

Ŷԣط֮ѻûϵʽ
֮ǰľɾˡ
绰붼ڡ

΢¼ӻֻӺ˳һ꣬ʱɫûãԽѿ
ѾȻÿϵʽ׵׵ˡ
ͭǽڣһ˿϶֡

Ǽʱɫʵ̫ãѸϽұĻ⣺ȥ㷹ɣҽԺмݺܲ
ã͹

ѵͷ֮䲻ɳĬ

ҪҪҰʲôǲˣԼ飬Ҫȥġ
ʱ䱻ϸ£ָָԼ촽

˳ſ˹ȥԥ
ʱЦ£ˣ㲻ԸͲǿ

ĿǣԼ췴ڵΪѻĿ˹ȥ촽ˮëӹ繡

Ѹ̧ͷȴĿʱ۵׵ľ
㡭е㲻ףͻȻʶ˵𣿡

ʱֱ񿴵ЩãȻֱɤֲסЦ⣺ʵ㣬æһºӡ

ѣ
㲻˵




72.   72    ģҲֻġ

ʮ

ʱ䱵ϴƷͱ˹, סĲǵ˼䣬Դϴּ䡣ָ£κװá
ͷ, ĵֶκȷҪΣһˡ

˵û˹ι, ֶģѶҲȵ綯ĸߡ

Ҿ㡣ʱ΢ͷ, ¶۵׵Ц⡣
ѽĭĨգ°ȷʵе̸ִУΪʱŵ, , С˵Ŷ, ҵСĵ㡣

ʱҪ°, һۼֿİסԴ𶯣డ

㡣
ʱ˵⻰ʱ, һ޿κεᾢ

κǰĹ, æŸκӣһĻ, ϵȶ, һ꣬ŻȻʵ˵ʲô
ʱѹûʲô, 

ò˵, 浶һ飬ͦ츳

ɾʱ䱵°ͣЩ̧̧°ͣԼվӿ

ʱվž￴ۡ
ȷʵεĸɾ䡣

պܺ, ҵһεʱǿʱվϴ̨ԣˮͷˮϴһ顣
ѰŪĹκΪֺȰɡ

Ͼ޻ʱõأҪѿص¡
κӶ˵ȷʵʲô¶

ѽκϴ̨ԱߣʱϴĲ࣬һݹȥͼƫͷӹȥѼδǿԼ

ʵôˣ

䣬ʱ˹Ĵ
üǼˮ黹δɣ΢΢ţѵ۽ϣʶı۾ëʱ촽̧۽ޣٴκסĴꡣ

˿Ĵݣѱͷнͻǡ

ϴֻּһǽ֮Ȼ¶Ȳϵ컹ǲסĴ˽֪û˻ȴǽŵָܿƵȥץŷǰ

ʱһһֿסһֻ֡
ʮָ壬ű˴ˡ
ƳܵǣһָصǺͶռ

ҽԺһֱֹ̽ʱ䣬뿪

˳׼ؼңͻȻ÷֮˵ģɭӳ顣
͵ԼĶͷæ׼ιеĺͬ
ȫԺ

óֻ÷֮˵绰

һͨûӣŵڶͨͨ򵽵ĴΣƽ绰һǣ鳤Ͼŵ룬ʲô⣬ٸұ档ֱȥֱϵ˾

÷֮еĮѲ͡

ɭôˣЩǸʵ
Σ洫һߣΪʱ򣬻

ѽͣʱҲ˳æιеĺͬѾͬ⽫ǷǼʵ

÷֮ɲش𣺡ѣҪҵ𣿡
һ̶ûǡ

ôҪʱ̣һ뵽ľȻǻȥǰѣ÷֮ǲƣܿ˵˵һ־ԼŲ׼һˡ
һҾ⣬Լǰɡ

֮ڣ֮
ΪʲôصΪʱ䱾
˶ãԶĵ׶δǡ

÷֮⣬תƻʵɭӵĳ𣿡

÷֮Էײ֮ݣҲǡ׷ѡڻҽԺ֢໤

ɭӡ
ǲǷʲôǻˣʵ

÷֮ڻȷϣ̫ɺϡڻûѣһеõ˲֪

ᵽ˵˱𣿡
浱ݾƬأʲô֤ݶûУֻһĽͨ¹ʴ÷֮Ǳƺվʲôһڲ˵Ѿ˶ҽԺҪ˸ȥҽԺʲôһȥ޻ء

÷֮׵һ

뵽Σʵ飬ллһֱôҡ

㣿÷֮ʲôЦ飬˵ѣҵû㻹ͦš
ѣ

÷֮赭дϣѾǣ˾ʵʵ˵֪ҼλĶ壬ܾܿǣС
÷֮ĸ׶Թ˾û˿Ȥ÷Ҽ̳Ȩ֮÷֮塣

֮ǰ÷֮Ѽγɹ޸ƿżʵĿǰҲʵĲţй黭

й黭רǳɽ¼ǳɽŴ¸ߡ

ȻҲǣУ𾪡
÷֮ЦȦټ٣ˮĺܡ

ǳףΪʲôԼҪ£ԭҪץסİѱýԷ߳˾

ǾϺһڳԷ˵

*

Ѹöιеĺͬصʵ֮ܲµĵһӡΪ˱ʾ⣬ʦţιǩ˺ͬ

Żмʵϳ֡

ϣ޸ιпѣһ
΢΢򴽣ãǽ˵ܣܸлҵΣĿǰѾתУٴ޸ģǼʵһΪɫ޸ʦһὫ޸״̬

ιЩϧһǾã޸ʡ

ѵ׻ĺ⡣

ںͬǩ֮Ѹ뿪ιûǣԽ͵ſڡ
˭֪ʱڳֵܷ֮ǰҲط˴ˣû뵽쳡֡

˵ȴȫߵѵСʱûιС

췴ܷǸܻˡ

ܣǲ˵ãǺͻȻԣҺѸ˾ġֱܷιС
ǴСƢˡ

֮ǰѵֺıʾ֮

û뵽ˮתô죬ǰжš
վжǱ

ιЩָĻûЦеС㣬˰ɣʲôʱӦ㣬ҪǺ

㡭ܷʱס
ιмЩһֱԼ˾㲻ǲ֪İɣȻߵ֮ѡ˼ʵҵĻС㡣

ߵ֮
仰νںʾܷѡ

ܷҧ֮ǰϣôҰְ˵ġ벻ˣ

ιпɫС㣬ֻСŶвˣҪҰְ֡
⻰ܷܻһױݾµͨ졣

ãǵšܷҲ֪Լֲʲôá
ݻٴŭ뿪

⻰ƺιУܷȥıӰѣСĵ㣬λССƢЩѣΪ塣λ׵ɲܺŪġ

ѣллܹģһСĵġҸţǷᡣ

ȦˣҲ˵Щ
ܷĸΰҲǺĴʼˣǸڰͨԵĺˣȻϴ׵ͦɾһͰ˵߻ɫشġ

ιܷĲģԼ

ѴӸпʼ͸ܷԣ±˷۱ʻҵˮû£˵ڡ

ιеĹ˾ͻȻǴΡ
ԭ֮ؼͱˣǿҪѧУһҪԼ

ȴǲ֮ΪԼŻס˶Է룬ֻҲиҲ֣Żô˳ء
һ뵽ҲŸ

ϣҽԺŷָʱ䱴ϵĶʰĲˡ

˵ٳԺģѿһĻЩȵʵ
ʱɾ·Ѽһֻֻɴǰ˹ﲻҹʰ

ҽԺĴλܽţֲʲôصˣʵóԺˡ
ʱ䱵ûվһԣʰ·

֮ǰʱѾʰĲ࣬죬˵ǩιл飬ͻȻ˵˵ܷǼ

˭ʱƺһŷӦܷ֣ǲУѾˡ

漴Цˣ˵װɵء

ʱ䱸ɴڴ£Ƥ˵ǸܣֻǸѧڣ漰κι˾Ͳҵ

϶΢٣ƺЩֻԭ
ֱˣע⵽ı飬ͬóѰЦҪһ㣬Ѿ

ѴԼı顣

ʱ䱹ƵãԼɴֹס°ֱͣ۾ˣҵܷ˵䵽ˡ

ץƣٴνԼ֣
ģҲֻġ

*

ѿųʱڸʻ˻˸ʱ䱼
һ·СſڣϤĴţϤ¥Ŷ³ʱΪϤĻĵ˵ʲôоζ

˼ſʱʱҪţͻȻŴ򿪡

ʱ䱣ôˣվſڣرǿվڸʱ䱵ߣЩεıͷͣҾǹ͵㶫ھߡ

Ȼ䣬ȴǵһʱ˳ȽϢҲҪȥˣ˾ҡ

ѳĬ

Խֱȥʱ䱿һۣͻȻ˵ȥȽȥ

ѵ˵ͷŶ˽ȥ

ʱߵʱѾ¥ˡ
׷¥ʱϳԸ˾ߣȴʱ䱼Ҵߵߣ쳵

ôˣ򿪳ǿЦʵ
ʱδڣֱ˫ǵȻ侲ĺ˿ƺĥʲô˰죬վǿżɽ˳ڣ˵ʵ𣿡

ӡˡһ£

㵱׺˵ʲô
ʱ䱴ڳϵָ΢΢ţš




73.   73    

ʮ

ֵʢ, ҹķȣ˿Ϯȥ
͵̧ͷžźʹ, 㳵ڿ˿յ, һ˲߳һ㱡ĺ

ڸʱ䱵ע֮£ƿ, ³

Ҹط˵˿

СиС㳡, иͤ, ŵ, ˻ֵĺͯ½½Ļؼ, ûǰ֣ΨϵĲϡ

΢΢·ޣۺʱ, Ŵݶġ
Ψʮǰ, ֪ԼĶӱ˰ʱһҪɷ, Ӧ˵Ҫ
°Ҫ, εĹ

үү¡ͼ׼׸, Ҳ֪ǴõϢ, Ȼ㣬Ҫ㻻ͼʱֵסͼĽҪͷүүֽ㣬Ҫռʱ, ǶԷȴΪǹʱ䡣

ʱ䱣˵ʱõԼĲϣְִӦ˵Ҫ󡣶ҶԣŻҲãҲãҶӵҪֻҪŻƽбҵҪģһͽ

ҳϣ֮˾֮ڿѳŵһ˲䣬ؼǼвõͷһð˳ڣҶ˵˺ֵܹĻ

ʱԭĬĻŻ֮󣬳ҽ֮⣬δἰǼ¡
û֪ûдǳ߳

Ǵһʼ֪ѵĴڣʱͻȻʵ

ҹͣ˺һ𣺡ǣһֱ֪Ĵڣ֪㡣
ʱľ׮㣬ԭء

΢Ŭһ΢ЦĻȣɷЦԵԽҵȴһֱңҵΪ·裬ҲҪҵס
ʵڵļ䣬˶ƭ˵һ
Ǿ콫Ӱ˳

Ϊʲôŵ

ɫԼĶ˽⣬䵭һˣǱȫˣֽ̧紵ҵķ˿ڶ

ΪѵүүϣԶǵ£ʱ䱣Ϊ˱Լĺӣκ顣ѵļҲҺ㸸ױҪǿõүүϣԶְֵ󡣡

ʱԭеʣ仰תΪ˼ž
һƴʢ̻ȼյңתۼͳƮĻҽ

ɲǼ䣬죬Ѹ˵һ仰ǣǶҪǡ

ԡ
ʱ䱷֣Ҫһ¡

ͻȻ˵أ֪ҾǵǸȵ𣿡

Ӧò֪귢Ǽ֮үүѸٽϼңùðᵽүүȥ͸ùһҰᵽ˱

Ϊ˰ȫʱ䱰֮󣬴˾ǸƫƧĵط
Ϊһ˵ϼҡ

ѹùüҰᵽãĪڤڤ֮аŵԵ֡

Ҳѣ̸֪ܴҵ֮󣬾޸ĹŻвְֽܵѡǸСԺӣڵ֪ǵͼģҲѸ

Ӧһֱ֪ҪȻͲǸСԺ

ʱ䱴˿̲ף֮ǰ׷ʲô顣

ҲǣǷֵǰ죬Ѳżĸףŷǵ걻ȵˡ



ɳϣŸʱ䱻
˵ӣһӰĵǴ飬۾ȻĻȴһ㶼ûӡе̲ס

һֱȵ˯ʱͻȻſڴ򿪵ʾ

̧ƤͿʱ䱿ţֱɳյɳԵϥɳϣͽݺ
ƭҡ˿ߵ

þȫҪԼĴڵЩԲסģȥƿ

ʱ֣ٴ˵һ𣬴Ϊ
ƭ

һ֮󣬸ʱҲֻǿԼȥ¡
ֻҪܻƭΡ
ǻĻᡣ

Ѿ¶ģҪЩȴ֣ǵĿʼƭǱ

֪֮ҵݣǼŻһֱôʱָḧա
뵽ʱǾļ尾

ΪʲôҪôƭң

ʣںۿ

ҲԼºڵأ۵飬һֱۿƺ۽֣ͬҲԼڣ̲ס㡣

ɴ͸Լһ
һеĿʼԱ֮Լһ˿ء

ʱ֣ԣǶ㲻䡣
ʮǰʮ֮

ҴУ֪үүϣ֮ҺħһҪӿһУҪĻһУ¸ǰߡΪǷ֣õĽ

ѣҪǰ
仰ħ䣬оԼֻзһ·ѡ

ʱ䱰ǰĻ۵㡣
жܣǰܣѺγһֵʹֹ࣬һڳܣͬҲţǸʹࡣ

øʱ䱲ڷ죬˵ԭˡ
ԭԼ֪֮Ҳͬĳ֮С

ǰһжԼϣȴְ

ʱ̧۽ǹ飬ɬ֮ǰһʱҾʹ⣬Ϊҿޡ

ڣȻһΡ

Ƕžʹߵĵ׶ŸԵʹࡢĥȴ¶ԷѹҪƴȫΪ˴һ˿ᡣ

ԣûԸѡۡ
ۻ˳ɳµʹ࣬ȴǿճ־õġ

Һãճ־õʹ֮УٴԷ

羣Ƕǵ޲ߵŮ
ճΪ˴ʵĺܣΪԷն

ʱ䱣濴ͬط֮󣬵һ˫ֱ׵ĺ˿̴ͬļᶨ˵ƭ㣬ʵǵطһ⡣

µǸ⣬֪Լһ̧ͷῴʲô
ɵ̧ͷʱһꡣ

鲻֪һ
ǵطꡣ

*

Ϊ֣Ѻ͸ʱ˵˱˴ĵ׵ĸң֮û˸տʼ־»صں

ڵ֪һʱֻڼС

Ҿ֪ô߲ɢ˵㶼֪ڿжۣ͸˿һ

Ц
£ڵ绰ôҪ飬Ӧõ˵

Ȼ㱧ҿޣѿɻǵãϴ̹ԼֵԭʱôŵĲ޵˶̲סǡ
ҿǸŮˣҪȻ˿϶ãǸĺ

ôĵ£ҿ޸ƨ

΢һϢͷۣЩ⡣
ΪһٸԼϵѡ

Ҫףһ£ͷߴߴ˵š
ѻظ˶Էһ˵ôף

ǸסˣڿѷϢͻȻЦ˵벻ȥݳ
棺ʲôݳ

ֶݳ

ѽֽڣǵ̨ˣܲŪƱǰǴЩӳ

ûشΪڻظѣȻظˣ˵ƱѾŪˣиѸš
ҪҪȥͦзִġ

⵹ǰסˣʱ䱸֮ǰһûʲôԵĸϲá

ʿҲȥٸѶҪһƱ

ʱѧĿϵˡ
ʱ׼ڿΣͼһpoloһƤʹİ˽

Ǹʱ䱽𣿡Էʵ

ʱ䱿΢΢üǣλ

ãڣǱй֧ӵĶӳǰԷ˵ŴӻͳԼľ֤ʱ䱵ǰ

ʱ䱿ۣľٺţĬĬסڵʲô飿

ǰҲ䵭̬ȣЦ˵ģĿǰڵһ˽ΪרңЭһǵĵ顣

˽ǧͷǶ¡
ȴЩ참٣һͷ

֮ǰҲץסǶԷһڷ˵Ǽٵģ˳ȥ˵ƷⲻǰֻרҼ

Ƭʱ䱿䵭˵ǰأͼʱ䱵ͷһϵֱٴδߴ٣٣ҴỹڿҪϣֻʮӵʱ䡣

ǰ򿪹İƬ˹

ʱ䱿˼ۣǰ󲻹ӣǼٵģǹŶ

ǰҲãǸСٳס˵ڣſ˼۰˵Ҫʱ𣿡

Ƕ߼ķðƷԣʱֱӽƬ˹׳Ƶһۼ٣רźŪˡȥֹгҵһѣƬͭĸá

Ҫ˽߿϶ֻԻǵġ

ǰһԲۣǸߣôá
ԭȫ˵ˣ˰

ʵҲȫһ˽ǣŶ٣Ŀǰ˵һҵִӣоѾרŵĵ飬ƱҪڳߡ

ллˣڡǰ˵ллͽƬ˻˳˵Ϊʱڱܽ׶Σرй¶

⻰˵־öˣôһۼٵĶй¶ȥҲûʲôֵɡ

ʱǸһ¥ģ¥£ϳ
֮ǰʱתͷǰ˵ӳƼ٣ĲһⲻһһϦĹҪļ׷ߣǰؾڡ 

ǰıӰֹôλںء
˧ɣԱߵСͽЦ˾䣬˵֮ǰҾˣͦġ

Ϊʲôǰ档

СͽܣΪ˧ѧڳģɲμһĽĿ˵ʦˢֻʱˢ

ǰҡͷкСͽϳ˳֮
˫ָỵ̂ǰûãǰиѧųҲ֪ô£ɲҲɲֱӳ˹

ŵǰ͵Աһ򣬳ЩײԱߵϡ

ͽ³ȥҶԷѧŵòᣬǰӼʻͷСϳ
СϳǰҪӣͻȻ͵ҡͷ

ԣ
ͽСʵʦ˭

ǰһ·쭻ؾ֣ͣóӣһأֱҳ˹ȥ
߸ߵļϣ°ڷţֳɰĵ

һ򿪺󣬺Ȼдš201X걱شܰ

ͷֺƬ
Ű׳ֱ꣬žͷ忡ģֻһƬ͸
ߣʱ䱡

ǰѸ¿˹ȥͼйڰܷϣʾܷڵ׷У
ΨһֱС

ǣǮ˳үδ¹ŶƼ١




74.   74    Ҫģһʵ֡

ʮ

칫, ǰݾڣ˳˼
˵ӻУҵ, оֵĵһݹ, ʱʦûݣ˵һӡ

⿴ʲô, ô񣿡ϴ˹ŵĵϣͻȻ˵ɰĵ, ôҲ˳

ǰüͷⲻΪ˵˽
ǰܰ, ֽ˹, һ, пڵĻһС˵Ͻƽ, ʵ, ɲƽȡ

ʲôڣһԵСһȻߺȱ߹֡
д, ͻȻͼǱǸ֮𣿡
ɲ, ʼ磬ǰС˼, ֵʱ, Ȼȥ˼꣬ʱἰ

޷ǾΪİܰڹʵ
֮ǰ۷𳬼ܵİӣҪ, ڣȫ硣û뵽ڹھȻҲľܴ󰸡

ȵȣȵȣСĿȣָŵϵ֣ʱ䱣ⲻݻλڡ

ǰһֱۣӽӲĳ˹˵˶ٴΣȶʱҪҴӵҺò׵ġҪ˿ȥҷšͷ

С¿̫Ȥˣʦѹ˵λģҼǵ˵оֵĵһӣǰͰܰɡ

ǰʲôͰܰýϲȡͷŻˣŴʲô֡

⻹ͰǡͼĻĹ˻湻۹ģֱӿھҪ

ССֻ֪ôһӣǲ֪ôϸڵ顣
ʱרˣҲ׷Χ˹

˵֮ԵﰸΪǱ߽ӵ˾ٱ˵˽󺣹һƷ˾Ļһ¹ŹƷ
Ϊش󣬺ǱѸٸй߳ר顣

Ϊһ˽ԽȥӴ漰Ƽٷ١

Ҳ˵ѵڲйϵԱһСҲʵ

СƽԣղѲ£˵ԭͼعľô𺳡ϸ˵ʹġţͼһƳɶõĴ֮  

йԣǾȫδеϴ٣Щö֮չŸִйϴٶ
ʱؼңὫõйó
ţͼͼˡ

ÿÿйİؼһ˶뾺ģĳһȫֵ߳ۡȻֲᳫַʽȴסܶ˵һƬ֮ġ

Ե꡶ͼ֮󣬹ĲؼҶԾԾԣһҹáλһλйؼңԹȻϧһɣǺܿģǵĹӭعڡ

ֱλң˻׸ݣŷԭعʢǼŵĴʼ˸ڶ³

˷׷𺳣˵˵ܰôûý屨

ǰľڣݺһ£û˵һ仰͵ǡְܰͻģ£ҪǱȥһʮܻһڵĹŻ˵˵֮аӹ𣿡

ڽͼ׳ͽƵ˷˼⣬ʱٱسֻܰ»Ҵ޾ķš
˵ʱΪ˱ңϽý屨¡

·ʱûڷ罻ý壬ֻҪסֽýԼý壬ԽϢ׷

ε˽ֻܰһֱ⡣

Ǯô꣬һֱûץ𣿡ǰüͷ˵
ҡҡͷܷһˣıܲʱ˾ˣֻǮһֱûϢԶڵˡ

˵ǲǻһˣȻʲôƵʵ
ǰǸŰӵˣЩصĵ˵ͷиСŮ˱ˣͰ˳˭֪ܵʱ򣬱˷֡СŮĸ׸ϵΪȺӣס˰ˣͱʮ

Сһ꣺¸ĸš

ǰžƬһӣǵظʱ䱵Ǹӡ
ôˣʵ̫ˡ

˵꣬ǰ͵վߣСں溰ʦȥĶҪҪҸţ
áǰӻ֣ܾ

*

ʱʵٴμλʱԷб

ǰżɽʵǲǾϳˣ
ʱ䱱Ȼ֮󣬾һα¼ǰǵʱ¼ľ֮һǰûеһʱϳʱ䱣ʱûϳ

ļԻԣʱ䱵ͷֱǰߵﲻ˵ĵط

˵˸ʱ䱵İ칫ңǰżɽ˵죬ȥڣ˵Ļǿҡ

ǣ˵Ƽ٣һһϦɵģͭα壬Ҫʱ䡣ɫգ׾ѧģʲôУرһС޸һִУٵͬҲǡ

ʱóһֽһˮݸǰ

ǰΪڲ鰸ҲٵֶЩ˽⣬ʱ˵ɫָľͭʱΪ£涼Ḳɫͭ⡣
ͭǼͭٵһֶΡ
ͭҪһ֤ݣͭ⡣

ϾͭΥһĳôǰ϶Ϊ

˼ǣٵĲҵ֮ǰҸȼǰһ˵Լ뷨
ʱ䱵˵ͷ

ͻȻǰʶʲô͵ʵ֮ǰǽӵ˾ٱŻ鵽ҹ˾Ļ񣬸òٱ˾ɣ

ʱ䱿Լİ칫ϣԵøѵɫһ¶Ц⣺ȷʵҡ
ǰЩĥ͸̣ôڳػ壿

Ȼǣʱü䵭ĴΪҪǾѵܰ²

ǰһİܰ
͵˵˼ǣǮ³ˣ

ȻڶûǮԼ˽ҵģٵĹŶ˵㶫һ뾳ۣЩؼһ߰װһתղؼҡľͭӦͭٵĺԴ

ʱ˵Ĳǰȴ

ʶҪһ㣬˵ѹղһֱ˵²һһϦġǮţǻ˸ݶɽôһɻϱС

Ʒ˾˵ǵ֮һ

ǰźڶûãΪǿ϶Ѿݾˡ
ѹ층ʱ䱸Լ˵ǲ

ڣҪ鵱İֻܰҪڳǮô򵥰ɣǰǰˣʼƬ緢꣬ǱȳʣѾɳΪһˡ

ǰĳ˵ڣǮһңǸ֮ǰǲ뽫ù鰸ôûϢ
˵ǰҲЩҲס

֪ǳɰ첻һֱ滨Ѿ
ʱ䱵ûйֵ䳰ȷԽô˵ǰԽЩ鲻ס̲ס̵ôֵģ

ʱ䱳ƳһۣкܶసҪ죬ֻһӡ

Ҹղ֮˵ǮǸΪϣ㲻Ҫ˽˷ʽǮϾֵãѾǴѧڣӵйδֵΪ˴Ϻ뱲ӡ

ԭǰ¸ʱ׷ӣΪ˽Ǯҳ˽˱

ʱ䱳Ĭã˵ҪֻΪ˸һ˽

֮ǰ֪ѵĸΪ˾ǶһֱԵİܰǱտڲᡣܰıǻѹġ

һ֪Ѹ֮󣬱¶ģϧһдڳԷ
ҲǸʱûһֱǷȥԭ

һķѽǮʱ䣬ҪǮҳǻҲãܵøһ
˭֪ȴⷢǮǰͭ٣걱еٲҵ쳣ԾرͭǳԼͭкü

ͭﲻһһھ򣬶չС
ͭ١

ͻȻôǲٵЩֻ˵һ£ֳͭٸ֡

ǰɫأ𰸾ᵽǸΪ˱ŮɱĸףɫڣǾȻתһȫ˰ǮĻţһִ

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°ʱ򣬸ͬһ¥
ĳȥˣ˵ҪѾܾԴλ̻֮֮ĹϵǼˡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲûİǵԼԱ

ֻû޸ʦ꣬իû֮ǰˡ

̴δԹάŵ̵ӪЩҲЩҲ䵽ҪŴ󼪵ĵز

ѱгԼֵ°߷壬ǰŶӵľϰˡ

ͬһԴ޸ʦ֮󣬺ܾûִ˹
˭֪յ¥£Ȼһ۾Ϳ˸ʱ䱡

ֹΧȫˡ
ֱӽͣ˹˾¥£ǳжҡˡ

ʢʱ֣㵽°ʱ䣬ֻһ˿ɫϼôƻζ
ʱ䱸ͦˣһ̷紵¶ɾԵʹüۣ΢˼۵׵ǹҪ䵭
ڱ쵽С۴ԭϽֳȵĳĴ˼ԡ

쿴Ǹ˧磬˭İҸˡ

ĽŮѣиѣÿٶܶ뷹

ߴߴṴ

ʱ䱱ڵͷظϢû̧꣬ͷ˹ΧŮʱҪֹͣĸоֱߵѵǰֱ֣°ˣҪ绰

ֱĶֻ֣Ȼ˵ע£ס

һ᲻ʲôߵԸ෴ֻ׺ߵԸ񣬵һ̣Χֱ׵ĴԼĽԾ١

鳤С˻֣ʾټ
Сգգ۾Ǽʱ䱵ġ

ͬµҲ棬ѾֱקŸʱ뿪ˣӣֻʻţͿĻ
һεİٺϻϻմżˮ顣

ôͻȻңûŮ˲ϲѱŻﲻԾ¶ϲ

ʱ䱣㲻˵ĳȥ

ֲŪ°ɫд΢΢ǳɫĻ꣬ǵЦԽʢʱ䱶飬ϡ
ֱӵĸоʲôʱ򣬶ܳɹȡõŮ

ʱȴûӣѿ˺þûŷ֡

תͷȥͼһֱԼԼж
ţʱȴͷ϶

Ҫȥʻǰľӣ˭֪Ƹ̧ͱʱᰴס˹ȥ֮仹һ
ƴѵĺ󱳣δס

ǰ̸һ䵭޷ƽ

Щĥѡʹ࣬һмϵˣսḶۡ

ٵȵȡ
Ĺٵһ£һһ

ѣʱỷסɤȻȴּᶨ᣺Ҫģһʵ֡




75.   75    ҵˣȡ

ʮ

еĳǰ, ˿йŸ̯λ㳡չϣÿ涼ǸӦԮ, ż, ҰİĹ֣Ծı˹֡
㳡ϵŵıɫµɫ·, Ұɵζ

Ұֶӣһ֮ǰΪһսĿ˲䱬ֶӡ

һȫѲ, Ѳݵ˱

˵ֶӱ, Ȼѵĳ, ſ, һ·ϵĺ޴󺣱һŵĲ죬ڳŶӽ³֮ǰ, ͵ȥš

ۼֿĽץס, 𾪵
ҡͷУ, ҲҲҪݳ

㲻һֱرϲֶӱ, ЩĿ
ѵ˼ҸƱҲѯʸʱҪҪһ, ʱ䱵֪Ҫһ, 档

͹ҡͷ

ǰĳӣͣӡ
ҵͣλ֮ѿŹı, ̽ʵ㲻ϲֶӣǲϲֶ˰

ִǸʲôϵڵĲŪͷ
ѵֻƺѯѻش˼䣬͹˵绰

תͷ治뿴ǸΪϲûǰ˵

ⳡݳƱر򣬻ţƱѾļ۸񣬹ڵ̨һֱͦϲ׷ǵģ֮ǰû˵һϲ
ôǸģ˲Ҳ˼ЩŤ˵ҲǣҾǾַ˿ݳᣬǲǷ˿е롣

ûһиŹƵŮԱѵĳš

״Ҳ˵Ҫ뿪Ļֻܸһȥ

ҪȥĶһ·ߣ̨ķ򣬾ԽԽľֱǽ̨Աȥ˶ΪݳĿʼ׼

ԱֱӽǴױſڣҪ˵ʲôͻȻױţ汻򿪣µ

ҰֶӣһĸˣյĻ٣˸ʮ졣

ǵŮˣ˹չ׿ѣɳϱ
ѿǣЦ£þòλǡ

չʲôǰǵʱֲû

ղ֮⣬ֶ˶Ѵк
λѣչ׺濴Źʱѽ˵

˳ǣҪЦһ£˭֪¶Цݷȿ޸ѿŪչ׶ֱòǱŮܹİɣݳôԸ𣿡

ǣҺϲǵģǲμӵǸĿÿڶЦ

ɾ˵꣬ױҵٴαƿһθ˽˶һ˲

ĿŶԷ˹ͬʯ㣬վԭء

Ұֶգֶӵ
ճʱһȦǵ˲䱬죬˵ĲŻ磬ֶӵר

˿վڻױż򵥵ɫTɫ¶㣬еĹϡ
ȺĽ㣬ǹâ롣

ֱֱڸ֪ôڡ
Ͼһμ棬Ѿȥôãô졣

һ߹ʱ£ҪѵǴ㵱ˣ

ֱᱧѣ˵лл
ƺЦ£ҵҡ

λǣɿѣ΢ۣĹ
ҲǣôܻǵüǰݽˣͻȻԼһʼĹȷӦͦЦġ

˵֮ǰ˵һݳķ˿

΢΢ͷԭǵķ˿
άżЦģ
ͼɢĳһЩջ𣬾ƽʵûӦԮһ˵Ըǩء

ͻȻ֮ǰһʱдԼ֡
ЦŴȤӦдֽϣ˴ǣǩɾֵǮˡ

һߣ˹âɵĴǣС

һʱøˡ
ǿϧϰԵ

ԱֶӳԱԼԱһ˭֪ǳԹϽĿʱΪ̫٣˿ڽĿ˵ÿһ֡

Ȼһİĸԣ˵ô仰

չ׷ĿѣĴָŮӹȻѶո˵ô໰
ѿһ۽գͻȻЦ£δӴ󡣡

ݳἴʼԱʼļ飬Ǵ϶ױͷվڲԶµĳ档

ѵ˱ȹҪ𣿡
Ľ£ͻȻʵѣôʶģ

ѺЦĴĵײЩ֣ǿ԰֣˵һ֮ǰҸ뿪һ죬ѵÿţ˭֪ڸϣͿһ·ϡȻǼվ·һֱš

ʱȥμӽĿԾ·ϳڸ߼ê죬ֻһ˰ѳͣҪȥĶ

·ѵڼĽգ̧ͷų¶¶ȵı飬˵̨Ҫȥ̨ҪǮ
ҪǮϳ˦ͷʾϳ

˵̨ʱ򣬽Ҫϵʽ˵Ҫ֮Էлл
Ѳվһ㲻ҾͲ˵ģѸղڳԱ߶˵ǲμӵԾҪٵˡ

ֻֻܽ

˼죬ԼȥԼıݣʱǻǸھưɱݵİֶӣȥˣݳָһҹ
֪ûбĿѡϣΪٵˡ

ʲôٵûйϵûк̨չ׺޺޵˵

˵Ҳɣû÷֮ȥԷһѡ죬ѵ֪ԷȻǽǲμӵոˡ
Ҫ÷̸֮ε˳һڡ

˭֪죬ոϢ˵ĿϵϽĿ

ߺ죬ǿ㣿̲ס˵
ЦŲԶ̧̧°ͣý첻𣿡

ǵҲǣ̲ס²ӣȷʵ̫ÿˡ
ҪȻҲͻߣһܵܡ

ݽἴʼʱѸӺ̨ǰŵλãոλùȻǶҰڵһţоһ־̨

ſɫ̻緢ֶӳԱֻ̨Ƶʱ䱡

ʱ䱣ֳ𣿡
ѣ㲻ĺÿϧҲܾʡ
ʱ䱣´һ

ֶ̨ӳֵ˲䣬ѾȼиԵ飬޴ĻͺȲУѵͷظ᲻ϲֶӣɣ

ʱ䱣ֲѧ
ʱ䱣úܽ˸Ҵ绰

ݳ֮󣬽յĹԱ˹˵ǰ˸ưɣףݳԲɹǸйݳĹԱ롣

˹ҪҪȥǳ뿪ˡ

ݳǹ˷ܾûȥͷ˵ڻؼҸ˯ţҵȥһյֳ̫ţˣ˵ɹġ

˵ʲôʱ˵ģѹʵ
Թʵ̫ˣһ棬ѾʹŲµ˲ǵһμ档

죬˵˼ǴˣЩ¾Ͳ˵ˡ

Ȼ֪Ѳ˵ȥ˵ʲôͺʹϵƵá
͵·

˾ưɣΪضԴĺܿģѶЩòŷָʱ䱸Լĵ绰

˸ĵط˸ʱ䱵ĵ绰
ûʱʵ

ҡҡͷ˸˵ˣݳ֮ư칦һ

ʱƺЩԣʵȾ𣿡
һ㡣
ڹ㣬ַңʱ䱲๵˵

ʱĺܿ죬Сʱ󣬾͸Ѵ˵绰
Ϊǰѵſȥ죬ֱֽס˺ܶ𣿡

ѿҡͷûУֻһ㡣

ؼ𣿡ʱ䱵ͷ
ѵͷ˵ҵȽȥѹҳдǰԵ

ʱȵĽڻͷһۣǣ 
̧ͷǹϤζ⣬ֲ˲䣬̲סЦ£Цˣͷ˵Ĵǡ

ʱЩЦʵǴǣ

ѵ㲻ɴ𣿡˫ֱݵ°͵ؿڣͷֱŰһ¾͹ס˸ʱ䱵ġ
Ե

˻ûߵư棬վſڵǿ飬Χûʲôˡ

ʱһ̣Լˣ⻰͸ƵãͲֹˮڱһ仰ֱӴĵ׵һѻ
յݱֱӽǶûˡ

ֱӵǽϣסĴһʼẬס촽ܿ繵Ƿʽڴˡ
ֱ˿Ĵݣס⣬Զľų̛ϴ˺ѷεĸ

˽ӵű˴ˣƵ̫ңӵǵ֮⣬ƺֻʣ±˴˼ٵĺּ¿Էĸо

ҽر㣬ʱָͷḧĳ
Ķһ̲ˮҿ棬СʣΪʲô

ʱ䱣ûߣҲôġ
ζȷʵ̫ܣûôҪĵױˡ

û뵽ô˵ֱ֣ڣʵ㣬ĿҲһݡ

Ÿʱֱӽ˾ư棬ȻøϽ̨ϡ
Ҳ֪ĶŪһѼֱ̨ϳ

ȻĲԼĸ裬ġǿ
Ÿʱ䱵̨֣żǰԼվڻͲǰʼ
Һ粻һ
ǾҲһ
ֶ˵Ըտ˸
ԼЭ
Լ˵
ʹԭ
Ҳԭ
Ըһ
ҾԼ

յ΢У˻ƣ˵ĸо·ĳȻľǿС

׸輸˵ഺѾԶഺ׵ĿȺ궯ٸ߳ųԼľǿ
˿̨̣ԭ趯Ⱥͣ
˿̨ϵˣȾһų

Һľǿ
ս˫־Բ
һվǲ
ʧܾ

һ򲻻ױȾѣ߸߾ʱ䱵˫ֻ֣Ÿʱʱͼֱֱ̨ϵĽա
۵ף˵į

ʱ䱣Խĸ˴˿֮С

ʱתͷͼ.֣żĴ
һΣǴű˴˵ľǿߵɡ

һȦûҵѴ˸ü绰Żһ˵ѾȻȥˣѸʱ߾ͺˡ

֪̫ԣЩûס
ֻܷϢȫ֮󣬸Լ΢š

˳ʱ䱿ڸʻ򿪣˳ųƮ˽ڳҪ¸߼ʱͻȻתͷҲؼҡ

ʱŷ̵˫֣͵һ

Ҫ𣿡紵ѵĳ΢ˡ

ʱֱ·ߣ·ǰ¸߼ȥѼ·ǰȥҵ·

˼Ÿմ򿪣Ѿͱֱ۹˽ȥ

һҪԷ˴飬һ·صңһϤֱǵڴϣ͸δϵĴ»©˽
Ǳű˴ˣһ̣ϵıס

һҹе鶼עҪֲжʧʱ⡣

*

ʱ˺þõ۾Ժ
ûˣ˴ͷһۣȻѾˡ

ȥϴּ䣬ϸɾëи뿪֮ǰһģһˢһеĹ񶼽Զ롣

ϴ֮󣬵˿Ϳʱֽһˡ
ͣȣ˵㡣

£Ѿȥ˸ʱ䱵鷿֮ǰҲǣ´һҲôţǿ飬ҲӰ

ԭ鷿ұ鿴˭֪ʱȻҵһʱ䱵ĸᡣ

ʱһűĹ
Ҳû׼ֱӾ׼ȥɨۣƳдŵһС֡
ʱУݼ

գգۣŹҪŻȥĵȴֲᡣ

ΪῴǰƬݣҲеİɡ
Ȼʮĸʱһ棬һŲֻ̡־壬ȫֵûĳͻȻ䣬δʮ긵ʱ䱡

΢Ÿʱ䱣ʵ鷿Ķҿ𣿡

û˵ǿʲôÿ
Ȼʱ䱺ܿظʲôֻҪ뿴ģ㿴

˵ԣҿʱ䱼һ̨̨ʽԣԴҪȻϾɵĹƵû취ų

ƵתڱųʱûԼԤȻЦ

򵥵̨ϣų꣬żйֺͼ֡
Ϥġǿǰʱĸ͸ɾ̧̨£ƵﶼĻ忡̧͸ഺϢ

ֱĸ߳٣ɿָƸ߸߾գıȻһƣϵЦѴδ⡣

ԭʱҲ侲ĸʱ䱡
Ǵһʼ䵭ӡ

һָķѳˣʮ֮ǰʮ֮

ǳܸıģѵ
ͬҲġ

ֱѸط֮ɻºڣΪǸҹž޴Ͳڲ͸
ģֹǺڰʱήٵ־塣

˿̨ϵԽҲãѿ޵ľԽ

ʱ䱻صʱͿ鷿޵ѣôһ̣ĵ׻

ôˣʱ߹ȥᱧס
ƿ̧ͷĪĿֹ΢΢ʵҺһֱһ£㡣

ʱǲǺܺ£ʵ

һ仰ʱĵ׵ĳһ飬ͻȻݣǲԼΪʲôѣһ̣δеס
ҵİ
ᱧס˵º¡

ûκ˵֣δκἰǴαܵĸܡ

ûһ̲󣬡۾ȫδе˵Ȼҵˣˡ
ƿǿڲ͸һ̣ԭ磬˹⡣

ʱѾ
ԸһΪͽ




76.   76    Ǳ

ʮ

, ʢĵδȥһ꣬н˵¡
, ѧУ԰ֱİ, ·ûʲôˣʱڽſΣǰĳһ·¥ǰ

Դ֪ʱ䱾Ǳ֮ܵ, ǰûŹ

Ͼ˼ܺߣûĸܺԸһֱ¡

, ǰǲô, ͣ, رʱ, ٲҵ񳹵ݷȥ
ǹгҲû֮ǰĶƷ֡

˼ԵףҪԷͷ, ǹгС, ׸ɣƶļƻʧ֮, ״ݾߡ
ԷҲϵ

ʲôû, ǰȥǺƤҸʱ䱡

ȻԷһ֮ǰ, ˽Ե, ôյϢ϶ǾҪЩ
ǰԽԽЩҲס
ӦǱͨڵģȴҪ˼

ڸʱʮϣǰ˵绰ϵʱ, һھʹӦ˶Է
ǰǰԸʱ䱵İ칫Ѿᳵ·

ͽСߵſڣҪţ칫ҵŴ򿪣ʱ䱿ǰ΢΢ףӳ߰ɡ
ȥĶǰһ
ʱûӣֱ˵ʵҡ  

˵꣬ǰɻȥʲôʵң

˵ʵмѧ湤ʵ½ģ͸һִ߿ƼСİĵط˽ǰš

ֱʱ䱺ׯάϣ
ԭͷڴˣŷָʱ䱽˹

һߵĹ䡣

ׯάһֱӰ˳֮󣬾ͿһֻͭɫףСͭᵽ̨ϡ
ֽһӣͬ
Ҳһͭ

ǣǰǰͭ참רңǼʵûǸ

ʱ˵֮ǰӳ˵αͭҪһݣǿ⣬ӻѧҩٽͭգԭոµͭͻָͭֵ⡣

ǰȷʵ֪֮ǰ֮󣬻ȥһͨϡ

ưʲô

ѾݷǿԴһǶ׷飬Ǿٹڡ

ǰ𾪵֪ٹĶ
Ȼ֪ʱ䱳һۣ

ǰ⵭Ȼģ־ò̲סʵҪô׷飿

ʱָָϣ͵ҵѧдһƪڳӰĲʿġֱ¹ɽһͭΪµʪ򻷾Լصĳʻ˹Ǧ϶࣬ټ¹ɽһˮλһȱȵظߣɵˮϳеġ

ǰ޿̵˵ڣȻŬҪװӣ˵ÿȻй֣һֶû

ǸʱףҾֱ˵ˡ

ǰͷһԵСҲݺݵͷ
ҿʦȿˣҪȻҲﲻסˣоƵá

֮ͭǰ뾡취ӺչĶƷҶַϸȷġǶͭ˼ȷ¹ɽһ

ǰ͵һϲ˼ǣƼٹ¹ɽһ

ǶͭȡԼɷֵķȷƼһ¹ɽһʱ䱿϶˵
ǰдϲ

ֻ֪ԱΪݵ㣬ǲ֪ԷǽѾõļ˵ۣƼٹڱ
ʱɲֱӸС˵鷶ΧǼˡ

¹ɽһȻ󣬵Ƽٹһۼ¶

оǣαͭ⣬ҪĻѧҩойƻѧƷҲͨ׷顣˫£һܿ

ʱ䱲ṩ¹ɽֱӸṩһ

ȻЩôǣСһһһ㶣Сֹ
ǵһԵׯά̲ס²۵˵٣Щǽûûҹݷоġ˵ģоǾ͵ûʱ䡣αĻѧɷ֣ҲǽԼһȷҪֻѧǡ

ǰԼͽܣʱ򣬾ͲҪ˵˵ûǵ飬鷳˼ҡ

Բ𣬸ڣСҲ֪ԼʧԣǸ
ڸʱ䱲⣬˵αҪĻѧҩʵǲ֪䷽Ǿʵ֮ȷֻѧҩһʹõþǹƷҪȻºۼ

һ뵽ǰ޲ȥչ顣

һ֮󣬾¹ɽɹһƼٵֳ
ֻϧڹֻ֮ҵ˼ԼƼʦδץĻıЩ˿Уǵϴһүˡ

үµ͵δƼҺ˼
иʦүһ棬үţؽɽ٣ͷ˵ȻûԷĳ࣬ܶ졣

ҶԷȻ˵ԼǴģȴǵصı

ʱ䱱Ϊܹ˳ץǮû뵽˹ 

үǰΪԷǮ
κΣ̫ƻʮǰһΡ
û뵽һΣȻˡ

*

ôˣĲɵģѷָʱ⼸£ǿʱǻ뷢״̬
ʱֽţ˴Ӻ汧סϲһơ

ԼĻ·ǽȫ磬סˡ

ʱĶϣĶ
ܲסĵطһÿεķӦܳɹȡõʱ䱡

ţ㡣
һһţѵʾֱӱˡ

ʱץˣٸ˵£û뵽ǹһֻܵž׷

ϣѸյ˾ͿһȺΧһ۷׷ס

ߵ칫ԣͼСæ˿ȹ
ʲôأ˳ʵ

Сصϣ΢Ⱥ˱ϣ˵Ҫ군ˡ
군ΪʲôѺ档

ܷĹ˾ְΰǹ˾ʼˣ֮ǰ÷֮ȥμʱΰһӸĵģ
÷֮˵ؼҪ˵˽á

ȻʱѸʱ䱻ûϣĵ׻ζ

˸֮ᵽ£ʱ䱲ЦŽ˵ԭؼҺ͸ҵĹϵ̫̫
ܷͬеģְΰţݷǶǻġ
˵֮ǰŹش̣ר޹ط

ҲʣϣԽǮˣԽһžη֮ġܶǻҵУŷرصĲش̡

Ϊ̫̫ŷڹʶ֮󣬻䣬Щ顣

˵ǾؼһԸ顣

С˵˱ϣ˵ǹ˾ܶƷ۸ûдﵽԤڣ˵Ǵϰȥźģ˺üڡ

˼ڣЩȡ
ȴҲû̫֣ΪĲҵģҲֹһ

ҥĿ죬ȥҲ죬Ϊ캣ԼĹٷ΢ϴʦ˵Ѿȡ֤ɹҪЩҥԵˡ
ԺǿӲĻӦԹȺںܿɢˡ

ֻһ˽˻棬ҥԵ˹ܣܻĺһơ

չҶֻͺݺݽˤǽڣһҵʱҪʼġ

ǲģּһ绰
ζԷӶûнӡ

ĲҪӵֻʱ򣬰ű򿪣ڻﳤڳеģ֮⣬û˸׽˵ǲš

ĸӹȥΰ۾ŭ

˭֪ȴһЦظ磬ôôĻϾҲСˡ

ΰϤ͵ؿȥͿһЩİ
ֲ̫ЭĽӲУݹȵĸо
ܿΣΰЩ޷Ӧ

ǶԷƺ̫⣬ֱߵԱߵɳϣԼһƣɳ£Ŷȣģ

ôΰ͵ߵſڣֱӽŹϣתͷ

ҡͷû취ڿɥ֮Ȯֻظˡ
ΰҲ˵ʱȱˡһֱ㣬㻹ʵ㡣

֪ңҾ뿪

Էôһ˵ΰʱһ˺ϻ׬ǮʱΰȻΨֱ̬֮ȡ
ڶԷ£ΰȻ޲ԼԽԶԽá

һ̣Է˵֮ǰҲʲôûУôֿտյ뿪ɡ
ΰĿ
ԷǺһЦֱӿڣҲҪǧ뿪Զ

ǧ򣿡ΰû뵽ȻʨӴ󿪿ڣʱܻ㵱лӡȻҸҿڡûٴǮɡ
ȻҸҪǮ

ǶԷ˿⣬ֺǺǵ˵ȥһ˰ţڣֵǧ·ѣɡ

ƨΰҲķϣ趼ҥԣΪ˴ݻǺмƻ

ԷƺҲøƽЩŵĲеľƣһ󣬳вɱˣ⼸Ұĺ˶ƷôһͷôǮҡҪǳõҲˣھѾ˳ϿҪҵˣұ뿪

ҪǲǮ˺ǺһЦҲʲô棬ֱвôһ˾Ҳ뿴ɡ

ΰ۾вң

ʵҲСˣӽʮƫƫϵƤ·Ǵ̫룬Ӳˣ³ǣҲʲô顣
ΰ¶Цǹŵģ´Ьġ

ǮˣôҸǮҪңܹôңڣҾһôҲӦιˡ

ǮǮӦõҪΪ㣬ڱģ׵迴ˣϲ˰ɡһӶز˱Ǯ㲻Ҳøǧ֮ҪǿȥƷҿǼǵ

޿˵ĻΰҲȲסˡ

סǮ˵ֵܣȷʵѴҪҪǮҲУһһ취Ƕڵ

Ǯվԭء
ΰ˵˼䣬ɫ£ΰã̲סظ磬㻹һġ
񶾡

ֻҲ˵ֻǶ£ֱӵͷ
ãҾһΡ

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ΪһһΪҪĻᣬʼ˾óһͷϷĲƷչԱȫвؼҵע

ʵΪҵͷȻҲ˺
˾ĻῪĻʽڳﱸУƷչ֮ǰݵĺչ֮ǰ˲СĹע

ȴæµʱһըԵţ׵ȼ칫ҡ

ΪڼչƷûüֻ
ֱСܹ𾪵˵鳤û𣿡

ôˣŻʱȥڰ칫ϵֻ
СҲȲֱֻӽԼֻĻٵǰ˵ڸղţ۱ѵ˾ĻϽĳƷͼ

ѶֻĻǸĿ޴ı
۱ѵýʽͼƷ

˿̰칫ըһࡣ

ⲻЦͼǱأѵƾʲô

ǣֱǻ˭֪ǵ긵ġ

뿴ѵ˺ϾǴĻĻѵôɣ˵ĵƷ
Ҳ۵һ˾

òᵱ긵ĻģƷɣ

칫ﶼֵķзȻҲûš
ȦϾСڣһʼҲֻиСˮѣҲû˵ʲôǰš

£۷еģ֮˷һƪ

ѧڸʱ䱵ĿΣΪÿڿζвѧΣʱҲûϹκһˡ
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ڵڶڿΣ¿εʱ򣬸ʱ䱷ֿͻȻֲɿص֡
µѧֻͣĽͷӶ

΢΢üͷһȦѣ
ѣûõҪİԽԽ

ѧһ߿ֻһ߿ÿ˶ڽͷӶ

ֱʱ̲סҵĿϣҶǵҪǱְ

ڣҲ֪˭ʵûס˵Ҫȿһֻ
ʱۿŶԷûж

ϿδֻûѧͻȻԼֻ̲סʵڣϱϵ𣿡

ʱֻȻе롣
ȴһۿĻϵƬ

谵Ƶķڷŵľ޴ŵһ꣬ڽ䣬һţ̡
ʱۣ׾Թ϶ǵǶڰļϮʱʱ䱲֣еһУδ뿪

˿վֳĽ

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77.   77    ֣ϣڡ

ʮ

˿, 罻ýϣڼбһϢ
Ǿ۱ѵ˾ڽĻ, Ƴͼǵ˽, ֪ͼʮǰʢǼŴʼ˸Ԫ¡
˻׸˹ңĿǰղ뱱ݡ

ѵù˾, ȴڴʱͼƷ

ԭѶǲŵģǲ˳ⱦѵ˾С, ⳴, ҪԼĻȶȡ

ֱСʱǰ, ͻȻһ, Ѹתصڡ

ӵı֪ߵݣϸ˱ѵƷ

Ϊ֪ߣ˵ǶƭˡҵµȷʵǡͼƷ, ǾݵġͼȴƷΪҽƷŪ, ׼ȷ˵ǽƷ˱ˡ

Ҫ˵, Ҫʮǰʼ˵, νƲ¶Ĵֱ, ȴС졣ǵ귢һ׮, ǾǸҳﱻشҪ󸵼ڵġͼλ˸ұ֮£ֻͬ⡣

ͼ£˳ȥֻǵʱѾҪͼȨ֮, ؽѰһͼƷ׼ȷ˵ӦһԪ֮ģȻģҲԭ棬֮Զ

ǱѸ˶ߣԷ˵ƾ

ϣ˾Ȼ󣬷һƬ
ҲƬ׵ȼȶȡ

ޣڽ䣬Ǳžͷ侲͸žǿ
Ƭģȴ·ܿвĹ⡣

˲ϣǵضǹڶŵۡ

ò˰ɣ
ϣͻȻеˣòǲŵĲƷ˼ҪƷɡ

ǣǰ滹˵ƷƷˣʲôѲǻҪ˼Ҹңӱˣ׵һȺӣҪ˼飿
ǰҿ϶Ҳôɡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣкӻһӵӰɣôڹӡ
ȻıȽϲңˣô϶˧

ҷЩ˺ܻ͵صĸûȺصǸҰȫ񶼵ɵӣҪʵʵ˵ҶɡͻȻҴüٻˡ
ͬ⣬˵࣬ܺùڱ¶ǿɡ
ɵˣʲôӾ顣

˵Ҳ֪£Ǻƭͨϰհɡ

ֻЩʱֻûڷ

Ϊ֪ܣö֮ıϣ˶ǵĹָ̢ۡۡ
ѵûбἰɾãЩ

Ϊ¼ģʱô죿

ȻûֱӹϢݲǸܣ֪ƺܿ죬Сʱͻ˰ǳ
ʱ䱾Ǹڵĳǵ걻ܵǸˡ

οʱ䱻ǴˣΪ֮ǰֱԼμӵĽĿһ֪ȡ

һǳݣµֻӷڡ 

һ̶ȥˣѸٵСûֱ¥¡
ϳ˳ȥ

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ʱ䱡
һ̣Ҫߡ

ѧУ˱ѧ̳ϵĸʱ䱿αȻÿѧڶˣרһпγ̵ĿαԷʱȥĿ
ѧУǱѧΪѧӭĽڡ

һԭҫ۶Ŀˣһ뵽Ϊ˲෹̸ʣǱģ¶˵ǰ
Ѿ;ۡ

ϵʱϿεǶѧ¥ʱ
¿ˡ

վ·ߣŶĽѧ¥ûһ¥ѧˣ¥¥£¥˶ߡ

˵Ҳ֣֪ȺУ̫ҫۡ
УԶֻܿˡ

ʱ䱳ֵһ˲ѾͿƺӦ㣬Ҳ̧ͷ˹

ǵ߹ʱӭȥ
֮ʱɱȥ

ʱһ־ͽڻУȺУܻӵű˴ˣ̹Ȼᶨʵ⡣
Ҿ֪ʱķޣ͸㡣

С

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ӽӣĴѧڣȴ뵱عʱҲ֪Ķִ˽࣬Ľݣǲǿżŵõġ

ֱӽʱ䱴ң˵Ĺµ
û˿Դš

ǵʱʱ䱵ֻһֱͣİ绰ġ
Ҳжŷ˵Ҫܲɷãµʽ

ֱӽֻصסĶ䣺ڲҪȥҲҪȥϵЩۣǷֱһж۵ġ

ʱ䱼ô֣صģԼЦΪ絽㶼ܲס𣿡

Ȼҵĸ˫£ҵñҵĸ
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ڽҿص˰̣ʲôܡ
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ʱ䱲ϣŮҲһУرһ˵֪ƽΪ˾Ƕģܶ˻˵Լİְ֡
Щ˲ںԼжˣֻҪ⳩˺ˡ

ã˼ɭɽ̾˿

ӣƽ绰ϵ٣˿̣Ǹɭɽϸһ뵽Լӵ˰ٴαڳķʽҲɵڣʱ䱣ǶԲ㡣
ʹࡣ

ⲻǵĴʱƽ˵ΪʲôһֱҪѱ˷µԼϡ

˼ʱû뵽ùûϵԼ
ȥ档

ΪùҪʸʱ䱵飬ϾûԼѾǸʱ䱡ùò֪ԽؼʱҲ˵¡

û뵽һ棬褾͵ݸһӡ

ѵͷۣͷӺ죺үүıʼǱ

үү޸ʦиϰߣǻԼ޸ĹŻһһһЩ޸ĵá
Щ꣬Ͼ¾ͻῴүүıʼǱ

ΪүүеıʼǣԼϾֻ̳үү²Ϊ޸ʦ

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ǵȻᵽҲЩ˵ǹ͢޸ʦҸݼأͼ幬һ޸ʱص޸ʦҵϡ

ָ΢΢һ̵ĸоԼˣиңΪܵϵһ

褼˵꡶ͼ۳͸ʷϼأҵǵҺˡΪãһ¹ڱ𡶱ͼαϣϾ޸ʦҲһǼʦ

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ڹŻļһֱִݡóĹŻҲδŷ漣
ȻϣԼ˴ǮĻһƷ
ҵɹ˵׸ۣ˻

ڵõ˻漣Ŀ϶֮󣬸ڲȫԸ

ùãлл㣬뵽֣صĿ褡
һ֪ʱ䱸ְֵйأѡʱ򣬽ʼǱó渵ϴ

褺˵ùִǴǵϣǲẬġô˵ͼйĹѾʧһΣʧڶΡ

һ޷壬ڱѵô֮£ܿͨջţǸ滭ԼĶӡ
ʱ򱱰ݵ滭ΪеƷ

ѣһҪͼүү

صͷ
ΣҪͼҪʱ䱡

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ڣ鷢ĵ죬ϱ֣ʽٿŷᣬȫʽ˵١ͼһ¡
һʱ䣬ϰټýμŷᡣ

ֱƽ̨׼˶ڴⳡᡣ

һҲñѵԭǰʮ˾ŲĲ֪С˾׽˴ڵҰ
ǵľӶ࣬ҲСĹעȡ

£ʱ䱲֪⼸ѧУ˼٣ڼ
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ڼʱһֱͣ߹ȥſڵı·ӣվ⣬ŵȻİŴ򿪡

绰Ҳӣ΢ҲأǴҪҰһúõվſڣջֳ˵
ʱֱתߡ

ӸںЬ߼߶磬´飬ҲһظϢһΪ֡

ָϴηˡ
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Ҫһ⣬ֻ¡
óһۣŷAPP͵֪ͨЩ˷ܵٿĳ巢ᣬѾʼˣר̨֤

ڼ̵Ŀ֮󣬷ֱӽ⡣

ʱԱߵĴŴ򿪣һɫӰŵľͷĨӰֵһ˲һµķ磬ᡣ
ѴһϮνȹˮīɫӡǰڶۡ
Ŷֱµˣӽˮ߳Ĺ

ֳý壬ǾͷǰˣλᣬƯרңеԾ

ֱߵ̨ϣžͷ΢΢ϹڵҺã޸ʦѡ

ʱ䱣ʱ䱣Ϊʲôڷϣʧ
ʱʱ䱲߹ֻ

Ļѣ˿̵һ糤ȹµˮ˫۾žͷʱдŵȴͼᶨ

˵֪ܶ˶ΪѵõϢӶԱղصġͼ˻ɣҿԿ϶ĸߴҡ

ղءͼһ漣

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үү䲻ʲô޸ңҵЩڵ֪뽫ӭعΣ׸ۼ˴˻˻Լļ⣬Ҫǻеǧµı¼ء

ܿ죬Ļͬʱ֡ͼĻĽѡ֣ԼԱߵıʼǡ

ǧأͼŸϺӡ£ΪĵλڵġһˡĻѺз˫ӡԼǬ¡ʵġ漣ɡĸ֡

ѵĽ⣬һָϵϺӡڡ
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ĵǬ¡ʵۣ幬ղƷУû˼Ҹǹµģٰ֮ɡ

һ㽲˿ǳɹ˵˾ͷǰĴˡ

ʱ̨мʵС㣬Щ֤𣿱Ͼ֪黭αǼѵġ

ԣ黭ļͭһı׼˹黭ļѵġҲ֪Ŀǰµ飬ǳܡ

˵ʱֳ˶ס˺
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֪һУΪ

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ѿ΢˴۾ȴһ̧֣صҴѣΪҵĸΪ˱ǣɱ˵ʵ췽Ҳ֤˵ÿһ֡

˿Ƿһ㣬˶¡
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ҿλҪױáͼһֱղ뱱ݣ˷¼ȫǱѵ˾Ϊ˸˽ƳĶ¼乫˾ӦñԶĿڳϡ

ΪһĿʹܵĥﵽԼĿġűǰ˲еƬǾǴõģҸ˵ҹ˾ںһܷҪʮ֮ٴ˺ܺߡ

ͼлĹ屦й˵ĻҪۣƷ˵ƷǵƷö֮ٴм䲻Ϊ棬Ϊ˽Ǯ벻йͨڣʵĲؼңᱻֻ˽˾ƻ󡣡

ôһķԣֱӽѵò˽¡

һ̣ԭϻдɵۣҲ׷ױ˵
򳹵ױת

ݡͼƷ˭˵ǣ
ǲݵĲƷƷֻ˵ѵùȥ
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ѭ˹ȥվյĴڴһĺɫ̧ḧ£ҵĳ

Ҳѣģȴƽ

ǰĻһ֡һ֡ٵˡ
һ˲䣬·ֿˣվ·Ǹˡ
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Һ͸ʱʱȷʵݵ֮ڸԵĹϸԵĳɳδйֱطꡣ

ʱ䱽ֻŻĹֻͻȻ΢΢һЦ

һ޹ȫƾ⡣

߳ʱеļҲ̲סȫΧⱻµˮйͨƵ겻òɹԱǰæ

ֱ˿һ䣬׿Խˣ˹

Ϊߣû˲ʶ
Ҳ֪ΪΣԭΧˮйͨĵطͻȻѳһ·ʱ䱾ֱ˽һֱߵѵǰ

ߵĸǰں˫䵭롣
۾ͬʢǹ⣬ıˡ

ʱסѣĶߣֻ˵ѣǸӡ

Σ״Ǹӡ 
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78. []    ֣£ԸΪǻ𡭡

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һζ, ֻǶԷӵݡ
ͼӹһ, ʹδٴʧ, Ҹ־, ǲɵ漣

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ܸлܹھޱ֮ɳɳΪһꡣ
ͬ, Ҳлǵ껹ǽ, վάС㡣

Ҽȫ˶ţ㣬һˡ

ȫȨίʦ߲ʵԼ˵ý, ٴοҲҪֵĿ̽ͺ棬ĹҪƿĵ׵˿ڡ

ôһƪģдķʽ΢

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ƪת˲֮䣬ͱתͻʮ

øˣû뵽Ƕ³ôİְ֡
ϣץﷸҲ̫ˣܱˣñ˵˰ԼƷѪͷҲôԵġ
жǣѵͬǾ䣬㣬һˡ
ͬһ˵ŮĸȻģǺˣѵĸˣжˡС㣬ȷˣ࿴ң

ܿ죬йֵʺţҲѸתڱ֤һᾡư
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ӿ֮Ѿǰ뿪
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ʱ´ΧȹпڳĲűԵвˣƮҡΨһҰܰů

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⼸æļɹرӰ칫ҵĵƣǳҹҹš

ԭһֱ׷ٰû뵽ͻȻôһ£ʱ쵼쵼ᡣ
ȾعƬļûPSۼ
Ƭȷʵġ

ҲԱʮǰ˼ĸҵƬȷǳһƬ

ﹷȻô죬ʮǰİܰҪǵĹƷԼŪٻ
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Ϊ˴˾٣ûǷ

ǰϵϼȡѾת˶ʮ˸Сʱûعң˾ڻǱ˯˻Ժȫھ
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