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1.  1¸ͷ   ҲŮ


ֿʱԼڵϣ۵ʶ࣬źԣʱ۵ֱ£˿
ô£оӺľ㶣û˼̧ܱɨɨ
ģ

ȥȫɽɽˮǳƬũ̡
°ɣôµģ

һ룬ԿǾۣͷͷҲۣǲԣ˫ıԴô£Ϊʲôôۣʲô벻Ҳ벻ȫǿհףľľ
δϾɻϵͣҪѹֲ
ԴֲĻͣҲûϰӲҪ˼Ҫ£͸ļѣ۵رõڹΡ

ֿûסţһָ˵ϡ
ٴʱûãϵطţܱߣû仯
֪ҪЩˣңľľԹ˼䡣

ļ䣬һĹѸ֡
ɥ򣬶ʮͷ꣬ԭҲټޣûУҧذ

ѸǰǷǶ࣬ˣʮоŸѸͷø
ȴøر˳ţ֪ñ۸ʲôģܲܰǸ⡣

ϸ³ȥ
ǰƽӾͿʼӶĳֲСĿ
ĶӣУǸѪԵ꣬ܲסʱʱҪǮ

ǴŽˮҵȺò׼뿪˴Ȳּҡ
Сӡ

ŽˮĿּĸԵ㶼̣Ψִ˲ճмĸﶯˣļҪǮȢϱģ

һ˼ңŽˮĶ֣˼ǿ׳Ͱ˦ˣ˦ƴŹɾֳȥҪסĸ
㣬ŽˮջҲı˿һʹȫ͵ð˦˺üԶˤڵʱԿ˸ʯ顣

ͱֿȷӦǣֿͱ㡣
Ѱ˼ţ겻ƽʱ٣̯ôù¶Ҳǹ˾ףûע⣬˹ͷȶ˵㣬һüһ׮Խ

Ҳ֪ûлȥ
ֿĴӵվ壬ǰɽˮ
ܻܲȥҪģȥĸҪ

ּʲô̶ȣһĶһƶأֻͿֻĸµһһĵǮ
˵ͽıҲΪˡ
ܻصִĸҪȨ˻غ¡ִܻ͸ӦðĸҪǼİа
ǵ˵СʱǻµĸǼĻУûǮûϵϼҲС
ǻడƺڵּҲࡣ

ӴĻƦĸ⿿ǲµģаѳֵ
ֿȥߵò죬ȴȵɨ۳ڸͷͲ˵֮£ãøͷɣ˵в˵ģһմѪҲ̫Щ

ʱֿŴغãŸͷŽˮȥ
Žˮס山ţżҶСӣżֵѷּңͷżҴ󷿳ס

ּסڴʵǺԶ
һ·ȥ׼ſŸͷüԲƽյ㣬ͷֹֹѸҪʲôӣôżȥ˵Žˮ⼸ּңĪ׮£
ĥţҲżµأԶĸںͷ

ֿߵúܿ죬ļУ˳ļһ·Žˮ
Ψһĸͳ˶Ѽͷ

Žˮҳ
Ϊﲻû£֪Ͻҳ
Ҹ㣡ҪǲҼҵĸҸͬھ

ųţֿһ仰ͣٲ
ʮ㣬ݺݡ

Χ۵Ĵǣһʱ۷׷ף´ŵǰ棬㶼ѹɤ˵
´£̫С

߳λḾˡ
϶ҵĴϱҲŽˮĴɩСѩ
ּӡСѩһźá

׻˵ֲЦˣֿɹ˲ô࣬͵Լĸ˶Ѽͷզ
ԪϱŽˮҶڣҲҼҵĸ컯ǬŽˮСҲʵ̫¶ҪôŽˮҪôżֱ˵

ոƽԣԶƢԣ;ԹЩκһһֿۣϽøͷŵؽվȡ
ŭ壬Ʋֺ
ȴ룬øϽ飬ҸƣԹ϶Ҫĺܣɱʲˡ

ҪƴĽడ
˵ֹѸҵֻĸÿɾˣƵĴţŽˮĸҲѹֹѸҪ񡣡
Žˮص̿ɵˡ
Сǧ㶼û㵽ֹѸΪֻĸͻȻ
ʵҲƢģ⸱
ȺȫȻһϷֿ̬ϸϸ˻ᣬûһΪֹѸ˵仰Եǲզΰ

СѩЩӦЦּӣҼСӽţһֱûء
Ԫϱ˼ǣ㽻ŽˮֿϬ
ּӣһ˼ܵסСӵȥ򡣡Сѩ˵ûͦ޹

ֿøسƤӣĵԪϱ֪ŽˮҲΪ㡣ͷԪϱðӸңҾţȲŽˮܵŶŶɩӡȴˣҼĸ£ܵøҸ˵ǮҲ⼦Ҳգʲôʱʲôʱߡ

ϷҪũҲҪ߼ã͵еж
пֲ¶Χ۴񣬴˾䡣ּԵȵȣͰŶŶѰ
԰գ˸߲ҵżȥ

ֿͿСѩʱɫ䣬ĻҵĲضûضأ죬˳¶Ц

Ҳ֪˵ֻ϶Ҵææĸ
ɸϱôͷأ죬룬ǰͷ˵϶ϱ˵䣬ֳŴϱ˾䡣ˣͷԹ϶һɶ

ֹѸֳɸֿƺе㱣˻ſ˵ŶɩòŽҰҲǹ˵ġŽˮҶڼң˻Ҽĸ
ǹѰ˵ġֿŲŲĸͷЦЦ뺷ҵӣҲŵ԰ǰŸ죬ż²ϣС̫㲻ͬ峤컯վζ֣Ҽĸ
ֿ˿ĿⷺɭȻƢ̫ãôˣҲŮ




2.  2׺   ĺݽɫ

ֹѸ壬׺ͼֵܶͨʵ˳ΨĸȴǸø뺷̶ȱɽԻҪ¡ֹѸ游ȴǰûŴĸ׵׺ĸΪǿӲйء

ӵ̫Ժգգ±ֿἰ϶ɵ
أ϶ʡ
ң֪ŶӽͰ͵ػţȴƮƮ

ֿ¶̡¶ʲôʱҾʲôʱ뿪۲û˵ֻһһŽˮʲôһһȥҲ˵ⳤСмƽϣ˭Ҫ˵гҴһǿֻҲСмƽϲźá
ҲǼ֧ţʵųŶŶɩӣұô˵ɣ£۸װ׵ĽƴҲѰ˵

԰գֿ˫սͷһй͵ûӣݺǰӡ
һӱء
Ŷ粻˼ֻСҵӣģһ˺һӣ͹ֿѹסѣһһ֣ޱ¡
Һ⸫ܳס塣

ֳˣȫûϵٶһʱ䵹ʧ㡣
ż˸ʧɫ϶¶֣ü۸ŭԵģ

ֿ棬ȴ뵽ǰθոȥӡ
ʮ˴壬ĺݽɫ
丸ӣƽտֹѸ˵Ҵ񣬹ȻŮ

϶ҧźĿֲףɫԥã̾˿ɸϱҼҲ֪ȥˣôŰɣĸһֻ

һֻֿЦҼҵֻξȫ֪һŶҲֻĸ¶ͲƮƮһֻĸԽˡ
Ҳ̰ģôǾôšҼҵĸ࣬ɿÿ¸ȫҲڶֻŶûֻһģһļֻһĸҲУҲ꣬ڶļ£һĵͷ̧ͷܵЩزźã˵ǲô
ֿͷЦΧ۵Ĵ

￴Ϸ¶ĴǣһЦ塣
ԶԶԣ⻰˵öԣô
ּ¶Կ˰
ǳɸϱ£϶Ͻ˼ֻһĸ

ǵ˵ֿЦˣɼżڴԵҲզΡ

ŶӷҧгݵĵɸϱֻһֻҼֻ
ŶɩӷŽˮǿӲҼĸֻҲУֻĸҪÿ춼µµĲҪ˶ֵˣĸҺ׵ˣ˵ҳûթԪϱȥô˵ұôΣԪϱǮͺá

⣬ⲻܣСѩ붼ûʹ˾䣬ȫȻû˸ոһź
ȥǮƾʲôòܵ˽Ǯ¶ҩѡ

ֿɫٱ䣬սͷǰĸ⣿ҲȥҴǰɣаǰšǲҲҪָ˵

ż˻ŵüˣͷ󺹣㣬㣬ɣʲô
ͣͣͣͣº
ȾȾ

ߡֿͣżԶĵطΪɱǣɱҵĸҲɱֻǱԸ֣׵Ҳǡ
⻰˵ãż˺΢΢һƬհףʲô뷨ûˡ

⣡ɸϱ¸ͷǺú˵⣬˵׮£⣬ô⣬ô⡣϶ᵹ˵ˡ
ֿɨֻۡһĸ׵ˣȥ￴ҲУǱģͷǮԸҪ

ģŶӵԲ۾
ֿͷҲУҲǮ̫˵㣬ҾŽˮôҵôȥ򲻹ûϵиͷ˱ˣһͬھҺӶˣҲûʲôź

϶ݺݵ˽Աߵϱ⣡ϽȥǮȥ׽ĸ
Ŷ·ǡֿƤЦⲻЦ

ô˽ˣ԰ƴС˵ƵǺҵһ׮¡
Χ۵Ĵǿþ˸ˣҰ죬µصµػؼҵĻؼңﶼ˵Ÿոշ¡
ֿûؼңӱ㶼֪ˡ
ֹѸֹѸǱɵڶˣ

صУֿҲû֧ţؽŴǽߡ
˯һ˵ʵۺˣ

һ⣬ǰʮ֣ߵϼΪÿ
ȻҲǶ
ֿû𴲣ҡҡλȥҲҿ³ѲֽĸԼ棬

ӱˮϴ裬ϸɸɾȺʱģ
ֿ˯ûãڴ϶Ŵ⣬
ûлִǲǴţֻֿɥֹѸ

˻ᣬӿʼججֿһɣ˯
ܻܲȥ˯˵
ףҴϸƣǮӦ㹻İɣ
Ժ䣬ֿ˯ˡ

ɲ֪˯ŵʱ򣬴山żŴ¡
ͷһŽˮˣһؼҾͱ϶˶ٺݵģԭɺ󣬲ϵʹĿߣЩĻϸȫйֹѸġ
СѩСֳʲôϽɷʹɫץס˼ģֻĸٿǮ£ôҲƣȫСӸܾˣ

Խ£϶Ҳ£ٸСȥּҡ
˸קסˣͷ˵СʱʵʵĽѵ˶٣ŽˮǻŭϨ˸ɾ
ֿһҹߣһ˯

۲ûоϲ˵ӼªĴֿ̣ƽĴ·ộ򿪷վ˸ų̫¶õЦݡ
Ϻð
ֹѸֹѸɣ˻žͺãĲǹӡ

緹ɥĲ
ҪֹѸ֪۳ʲôģִţҲͷڳԿڼƽʱöӳԸ
ʣµĶţϻǮ

ֿ߳Լ룬ֹѸɲôίԼ
Ů͵úúðԼ

緹󣬰ʰʰæ飬Ǯ˸Сȥ
һҪҸ򿴿ҲøðЩճƷ˳㳶㲼׻ϴѡ
ֹѸԼĺݰЬ֮ģ첹ȫǲ




3.  3ʰ   ԭǸѸ

ɴԶţǰ⿿·ĻôҲһʱ
˴飬峿ʱȥ
ϾţҲҪǮģһһһǮ

ֿ붼û룬ͳһǮһţˡ
ƽմ干Ļ˼Ҽţţ¶ֻ׼
˰ԵŭԡǴ˼ңҲС

ֿԺʱԺ˵ˣͦĴк
Ҫȥأ
ɸϱȥ˵ռõĴܺã´ʵݡ
ѵüţ˵Ͳ̫ʡţûǮǵû·߶˻Ьء

ֹѸļ䣬ֿĻӦ
ȴ룬治̫ʵǵеƢ
ͨ𣬽Щ㿴ļˡ
ЩŴͺ棬Ҳ̽

ţţĺӴߺ˷׷ţȥ
ţʻԺӣһ·ȥ

дţϵֹѸ
ֹѸı鰡ƽʱһǮ޲Ļ̫߳ţ
ԽԽˡ

Ƕڿء
ֿЦЦ󷽷ӦͿ¡
Աߵţȴ˵ͱ䣬ȫ˸Ƶġ㿴ţͺ޲ڸطš
ʲôѧ˵°ˡ

˵ӣţ˶û
ӰӱֹѸԵЩ

Сʱ󣬵ſڡ
ţĺӵұţʱظϣʱ򡣡
ʱֿ̫Թʱ䣬һĸ˶£ûʲô
·ģȥ

ȥռҸ򿴿
ռڶ֣ϾֹѸļڣֿͯ㣬š
û£ҩֿʼ֡
Ŀץҩһʮ壬ʣһٶģ򲼲ѻ˰ʮˣļʮģðճƷԵõĵȡ

Լ뷨Ȼزȥ
͵úĥĥţôǮûǮô죬Ǯ£
ֿĴҪԭ򣬾ǿӣʲô̻û

ʱеʱͷЩ󣬱СƵȥ
ʱ˸ţĺӣѾڡ
ɸϱʲôװ
ô˵ûɣ

ֿ䣬ЦЦ˵󲻴˵СҲСԹأúúþϸӲųɣҪҸȥƵġѵȻðЩʡøܡ
ǰȻǼٻۻеġ

˼ң˸峿ġ
ӣϼҩߣӿʼʰ⣬ӵӸϴϴͷá
üңⷽЩ΢ǿ֢

òʰ׵תֵ˰
ԵֱЪĿյһšڵζͿԿʼӱ
θС¾Ӻ˷ʣµЩӣţ緹

ϴϴѣϴ˯
һֹȥʵ
Դմͷֿ˯

ʱɫӴ̽еۡ
˯еֿѣŹǷӱԳγ˺һżЩ
𴲣ϴԷ
ʰ⣬ֿ˵Ǯˡ
ҪȥľæЩܣﶼҪʲʵ̫ˣﲻþ

æء
æµ϶̧ͷۡɸϱ¶
֪ûпգֿ˵ţˣЦŴкͷ¶𣿡
ʲô£ҾЩӶ˱Щʲô
Ǽʲ࣬򼸸ܣһҲ˵ͷһ˼ңѳߴһپ˵˵Ҫ󡣡
ŵȻûоܾĵӵͷ£ֿһȥ

ֿϸϸ˵ԼҪ󣬻϶װ
Ҳʲôѻѵõ˼
ּҳһıЩ磬ɸϱ룬ĺأռضҲǮƣȴʵõĺܡ

ʲôأֿһЦҪǻϲĽͷҲڼʲ˶٣ŵ˼ţϲǼϲ£ŵأʱһáʷӻвأͷҪЩģҲѰңҰų뷨嶯ּɣºá

ֿ˵磬ȴЦеĲ衣
Ҳû⡣룬Ѿ˵ϣҲ⣬ƤЩģͬʱҲܻǮһˣˣҲֱ׳ҪǮ
ԭ͸һݡ

⳹׵׵ʰ׵԰Ļò࣬ݽˮУʣµľϹӡ
֮ǰĸоżֻĸֻιʳҲࡣ
һ仰ǣֿеˡ
ȷʵ´֪٣ɵĸ٣ʱڴǻ治֪ҪЩʲô
뷨ǮɣǱߵ̬ȣϾޱܳɣġҪǣضƫԶ

λƵһе
Ҳû˵ȥŰɣҲ֪͸˵ЩʲôãϾֹѸ¶˵˵ֹѸһ쵽æʱȥ˵ҲԵõҪԭ

û죬϶õ˹Ұװ׵
ʱһ붨ֿҪʣµǮʱƴûҪﻰ˼ǣͬǰ˵顣
һܣ󣬴õװֻҪʮǮһֿɵһǮѷݹõĸƯֱ࣬˵۸ô㣬Ҳ

˵⣬϶óԼӦдģپ
̬Ⱥǳĳ⣬ֿ⣬ǩ֡ȻʣµһǮҲҪģ⣬ĵЩ

ܣֿʲ룬æСṦֱ˸˶
ǲǸֻè֮ģ
뷨Ժһҡͷ񶨡ﲻִҪèè̫㰡صİȫ

磬ǰæƵ·Ҳˡ
òȥģֻҪЩֹǮ󣬾ʮǮ
úܺãⶼУŽرϸ¡
ֿȲĻ·ϧûоӣֻܶŸˮ¡
ֹѸȴͦãģģŻͦÿ

ˮ׳˻ᣬֿѣˮݺɹ
û£ʼĥŰװڣͷ˹ƣ׮ء

ͷʱ÷ɿ졣
հֿԶԶĿһ߹Ѱ˼ʲôʱͻȻ꺰һˡ

һˡ
һˡ
һˡ
ʮеĶӣֿԼǴԽԭǸѸӵ




4.  4֪   ȥҴ򿴿ɡ

ʲôţ
ɣԣɡֿ죬Ҫʱ˺ڡ
ԣֹѸôԸӵģʲôš
Ŭ䣬Ҹ
ҸˡֿЦü۴飬ϸϸʡûɣԵʲôȥޡ

̫ˡҪ˵ֻĸֹѸƵţǴԼҶӣǾǿıԸҪҪٱ򱶡ֻĸҲմ˶ӵĹ⣬ҪǮȢϱŵ˺񰮡

ɽЩǮݸĸסҲ·ϳ˼ͷЦĺǲãü۷·үر󷽣˹Ǯƽʱʮء
ضֿࣿŬģֹѸ˵

˹ȥ̹ĶôǮɼһֱǮӣеګƣֺ˾䡣
ֿŤأϾֹѸԶ˶ദܲһֱģ¡ʲô£ӽ
ǲĶܾЩ֡
ûûûа֧֧ᣬֿǹġˮôЩ죬Ͻϴ裬̹̹

ɴǻǻǮ鴲ϷţóɾĻϴѡ
϶⣬ƽʱıǮ
˼䣬ȥſżתݣ۾ϸϸش
ӣ


ڳ˶ǧֱֿͷҲûسſӦҸ£
ֻ֪ͷǣֹѸԸض¸޷ʢķˡʢķû˼ޣӼǧֱǿԡ
ʱʱ̶̿ģű˵˵£۰

żŨζ߽ȻĸǰæµӰĵӿֵ˼ʱʧһɶֻůۿԷȡҳ˺üͷġ
·ĴвģЩȥϴ裬ⰡһӺˣոո³Է;ţ϶ϲԡֿüۺЦ̬ǺͰᡣ
˶ӻվԣͷۣ˾䡣Щȥɡ

߸ߴɵͯ㣬һһݺȥ
ãڵı仯ʹƽİѻϴ·Һãȥ󣬾ͼĸŰͰˮȥ
á˹ȥ
ֿ˳ƽͰ˶ӣЦЦЩϴɣǧֱӺˣѽóȳԡ

ϴĹֿڳϸϸֹѸļ䡣ֹѸԼĶӣǺõûôݣӰ˸ڡûгᣬȫԳƵ漣֡
ֹѸţӻȻϲϲĽӹǮӣȻأˮϴøɾȥСͰˮҺˮ¶ȺᵽãٰѶӻȥϴ裬ߣ޷ʢķˣӳԷĹ͸ϴѣϴ˯ǰѱá

ӣֿҲܰźϣο⻹ء
ʮСӣ߸׳׳нţ̫ţ
ű˶ܻ㣬Щ⣬ʳˣʣµ¾׽ˡ

ɳĺܿ죬Ž㿴ĸ׵֧Դƺ˯ˣü·ۡ
۾ƿĿ⣬ŵǰ򿪹һӭŨζŸӺõıƤ̣£һһϸϸš

ĸ׵աƾտЩɲͷ￴ָۡı䣬ĸĹŹ֮ٴθ֡
ʮ죬ǲǷʲô£

ò˯ŵֿװ˯װúƣ˶ô군ֺе㷢飬Ҳˡ
˶ӵʲôͷԣŪûѰѹ
ֱӦÿ˰ɣôʲôʱǶţ֪ͲϴѣҲװ˯Ҫá

ҹ紵⣬˼ﾪѣĸ׻ڳ˯Ͻ
һ̫ٲѡֿװ˯٣еţôҲУ˯ÿɳˡ
ĸ׵ļ
ֿƵ۾˻еɣű˶ӣϲĵҸˣ
Цˡһˡҹ磬أ˯ա
ǣԱûֿ˶ϵ롣ζɻϲϲĻ
ϲķˣҶϲ

ֿ˳ƻɵϵ˲䣬˶̹ˣ˿֪ԼģµĲɶ񣬵ûа취ѾŬˣ
ֹѸܶ۶ֻ࣬ҪǺͱйصûʰ޺ãȥϢ
ȴôź˶ӡ
ߵĲ̫ˣ

ʰóģ⣬԰·Ҳϴ
æ꣬ӭŲɫŵ˲䣬֪ΪΣĺįȻ
ǻգĸ׻յ͵ƣݣ죬ϸϸ˵ϻỰ谵ĵƹĸ׵ᣬϸϸػůҲ

ֿʱɫ͸
ģţʲô㣬ŻŵĴ˳ȥ
군ˣ˶ӻˣ
˯ǰεĬ˯ôôһöûУ

תȦû˶ӡ
ֿ˿˲ڣȥˣˣϴ
ۿ緹γˣǲˣſʼе㽹ˡ
ֹѸ飬ûл򲻻ԼȳԷġڣݾֹѸѵҲҪȱ˶ӻųԷȥʲôȥˡ

ֿеҲ֪ĸ
Էɣƾʲôĸ׵ҪȶӳԷĽɫĸװ
Էɣ±仯̫󣬱ʲô¶ĶѾܶܶ࣬ΧڣģµĻǾģ°ɡ
˶ӣſɲǸͷԼ׺ƵĻɫ

ֿüͷҾʱߴ׳ɴ߽˳ſͷĸʱȴǸʵСءǿˣء
ȥˣֿóڹӡЩӰҹ˯̤ʵЩ˰ɣϽԣ²ڶģϲġ

СĿĸסڳˣǮǮ²żŴʣĬ˻ᡣ
ֿګƵĿеͷԡ˵ʲô
Ǯ㲻õġ˶٣ɲ˵ص㡣ȥҴ򿴿ɣԴȱĵطǮǲʡʲô£öô죿




5.  5¶   ǾͬʱҲ

ԭȥ̽ˡֿ˿˶ӷӦͦõġ
Ҹû¡پ
ֹѸǮҪŸȢϱõģܶһ׳ԣǮ

Ҫ˵ֿʼ˵ˣûʲô¡ͷһһڣϸϸؽŰӡӣܻЩ£Ҳе仯ûʲôҪҲճ
˵ȥҴҲûáռõĴ˵ˣûΡӾˣԸͺҲ˵

ﲻУǾȥسǣسĴ࣬Щ
ȥֿĴĻһòŰ׷ǮҪǵһնģҵԸʲôԾʱҾȥɽ
ﺬᣬҲ˼
ֿۡͱܡ԰գߡǮǸȢϱõģܶӻء

ݣšֿڴϣ㶵ؿŴˣĥĥƺݵûͦ
ǹ˰ɣӦǹ˰ɡ֪߱߿ɡ

ãֿſ
ûڴϣ۾ȴŷš
͵͵ءȥˡ
ֿû˵
˻ᣬ˶˵ˡ㲻Σ۾ͲΡģµĺӰ㡣

뿪󣬺ðֿ̤ӡ
󿴿ҿʵûԼ¶õЦݣ˸
ģ±ඣֻҪĴ˶ӣĵĸɫӦⲻ

ܺõֿСϲϲһɡ
ĸʳɨݼǰݺ󣬽·ɹ̫£ȥ廨ͲӹǣŪʢЩ
ĵϼ·Ұʢã˵ʱ˴ѣûؼװӡ

ɻʱͼĸ±֯ǸرСɾµӡ
Ʈζ֪ʲôǲˣݺĸĽţƺǸո꼦

ֿ̧ͷû˵ЦˣϴֲǾͳԷ˴ָϣȥˣӦм˳̳

ĸײæǰæޣɷɵͬʱЩĪʧ䡣
ԭĸܰͯ޲Էϴ趼֣׵ȫĸװɴ˰ԴһһĺͰȴ·Щʲô㡣
ǲϰ߰ɣʵͦãˣТĸףĸź

ȣЦܿġ
ֿѷֻĸÿԼҲܲټء˶ʢȺ

ǻҵڵϣؿŽˮǼҵĸȴΪҵʱͺ޲ûֿۿŸǰ˵ƽءһ赹Ϊ۵˹ȥٴʱҾ룬һǼҵĸ갡᲻óһƽʱƵĻţܶ¼ǮȢϱ

еֿ̣ſУڵʱĸ۸ǣ컯վ͸ǿֱ̫Ǽĸأ˵ӸҴҡڽݷ䵹񡣡
ҸǼҵĶģҪȢϱúùӵġ
Ҿ밡밡ô۸ǰ
ҾѧУǣû뵽ͦɹ

ֿ˵ƽΪ֪Ҫô˼ţͲֵƽ㣬ޱͷϵı飬ʣµñ˶Բ
û뵽Чĺá
þò˶ӳֿ̧ͷȥʱˡ
˶Ӻÿ£ҪѪƤ㡣

ҸֿϽȣǧӷȥʲô¡£ѾȥˡżҲǸ¶㷭ƪˣɱɵ
ԽԽãҿɲϣʲôӡһ뿴Ȣӣأֶ֮ϥ

Ѫ۾ֱֱضĸסģԺ󲻻۸ǣҲܰί
֪ҸǸõĺӣ㡣ֿЦЦϽ˶٣˵ȥռÿ˴򣬴˼ǣƽʱעЩϸϸѰ˼ţɲɣҪЩźãĻʡЩܿԡͰѼʰ˷û뵽һʱܣҲǮ˵˭ҪܣһǮ
һĥأܵиź⡣
ֿЦ㡣˵⣬ײԴ۹ۣҲвãȴҲкãӰƺҪЩ䲻ľͻðʲô뷨ͦ˼

ѼﲼõرãܺÿüЦĿšҿĸںͷ
ҲúðֿЦԽáǰ㲻ڼңճЩҲӰǣǰɣͦ£°ҸҲˣҺðˣأֵô׮鰡ĺ
ҪǱãҲܸմǮҲǮأҲЩûþͿ԰ȢϱţҰ͵űӣʲôģҲȥˣֻҪܼŸüǵľС

һٷֿᣬðƻİȫҲԵЩϣԴڿˡ
˿
ÿʡڵĽɫĸףҪŬİ˶ӣͬԼ㡣ֹѸϵĸѧʮҲиɡϾ˼ҵ壬κִҲһеŶԡ

ɻ󣬽ʵʵͷæ˺ü죬ũʰ˸
ҲҺüز࣬򣬵ЩӣҪʱڣǵۿ˲ɡ

ûʲô£޶̹ɽӣ׼ɽȥԡ
ĴԼɻǸѧģͲ󣬾ȴ㡣
ǰ򵽵ܶʱżһ
ֿЩҰζˮֱɵӲͣԽ

ʵɽҰζҲܱ࣬ߴӶ࣬ԵҲв١
긴ɽԴ㲻̫ḻ
Ұζֿ̫ݣͷس͡
Ϊˣʾ֭˸˵ʣԲԣ

ȴǰûж룬ǸˣĸײԸҲ֪ԺúȺãǺ¶
ɽԽжˣ
Ȼĳֿͼ˶ӿͷҰ

ģ
ġɵͷЦе⡣ųҰҿ϶ҡ
ֿҰ˽ţӲöأûҰҲǲɵģΣգҿžţ¶ɲ׼»ء
ˣûҿ϶ҵġָָҰĺȡ
룬ĸ˵ԽԽˡ
ǾͬʱҲܾη




6.  6   Ѿˣ

ֿϸϸۣЦˡ˵ͦô˵ģҸ㣬˴أŪŪȥﺰʰޡ
ʰްɣɫ硣˵̧žߡ
ֿסȥʲôϽϴ裬˵㷢⣬ȳԵǣȥ˵մҴȥ

ɱҪǮҪɱ
ֿһæ룬ֹȥ˹
಻ٸպʮǮҲ˵϶˶ʮܣɼ԰ɡ
ϵڣҵĹϵѸ¡

ƴĴӣѹͲزסʲô¡
ûɱأдŶƨƨ˹
ҰɽգüûҰˡ

Ұô
ɸϱ̿׳ʵþûҰˡ
ҲҪ㣬ôͱˣѾֱӸˡ
ѰԽԽֳ࣬ǳֿ֣ɤ˵ɤӣñ˶ӳ棬ﶼͣʲô۸Ҳ˽Щ
ϱɱ

ɫⲻյ͵ƣﳨ
һʮֵĳԷҰ⣬úܿ죬ʣµĲֿ࣬Լԡ
극߿ˣҲʰࡣ
ɽǮӵݸĸסոҰǮ˵䣬Цвء£ŵݸĸס
ҿֿ²ĽǮϣһһĵšô࣡Űٶģһӡ

ǳҰüٽأܵøǮɼĸ׸ˣҲǸˡﻹ˶ʮ⣬ûʲô£Щȥ˴ңҲкЩûȥǡ
ãðȥɡʵֿеɡˣֹѸ޵ĹŮòƷӻĿԣ˷䣬־ú񲻶ԾϧֹѸѶӿıԸҪԹŮǳ޺ģͲôˣǱ˶ӣ·ҪЩ

˵£ֿȥϴ裬Ǯ˱˶ӣǣӲ̫ʹ£ǮҪš
ԭǣ˼ǮƴȨ͵ҪңҪĵʵ̫̫࣬ϾǴԽģõ͵㣬˵׳

峿ʱ߲¶ǰס
һѼæ꣬ȥũ࣬ʱ̫ոðͷĸȴŽ˯
룬ȥ˴˼ҽţ²ũæţͦý衣
Ϫ壬ñȽԶҾܱߵ壬һҪȥطнĸףǽţá

˯ǰֿԼǧһҪ
۾Ϳ̫סԼ군ˡ
ҴææĴѣŵ˲䣬Լұ˶ţιݡ
ˡ
ֿεЦţ죬֪˵ʲôԿ첽˳ϴ緹

ţ緹ʱֿ˾䡣
ĹţϣݺĸǶӱﶼɨ˷ֹѸѶӵƵźţû룬˶Ӳûгᣬ˲
ڴġ˶٣˵ǮЩ۲ݼɡ

Թ緹ʰóĸʻţ塣
Ů޵Ľܱߵڴ壬ȥŮҡ
ֿеţֲұֳһ˵ͷţҲͦ㡣
ͷţǾţ̲һҾͿѰõţ̡
һĶҪţǮѷ´ģҲȢϱ
żǮƣ֪ʲôҵסݣڵҲִ
ɣﹻһŶϥءָֿͷôҲӲУɣ˳ðȵȣҪٹء
ģ˵ôôټӰѾ˵Ըպæȡס·ӡ
ĸ˵Żʱ̫ԽԽߣǵϪ塣

ţʻӣӽɽ·ܼƽմҪЩܱҰտȥ䣬ʱδȴҲûǸռꡣ
ֹѸĴŮȡִӣţ࣬޶

﷿ܼûã㵽żǰ
δţֿͿԺиСһСŮޱϣŽ֦˦ﺰżݼݼݣߺ֦СŮޣ̫
ԶŸϸЬףʱʱ̧ͷԺӣֱ˵椶Щˤŷ
һĻ÷ǳķθ

˨ţɣҲԺľɫʱ󲽽ԺΪ³ĽޱŵϣСıĽŹصСŮޡ椶
ͷȥԭǷ첹ĿӣѱʯĥãϥɫϸܵѪ˿
²һˣ
³ڵϵޣƺˣ۴Ь׵ϸСܵĹĸǧ۸Ҽҷ

׼ҡֹѸֿȻ֪ոձСŮ޾ԼĴŮⱩƢһӵŭѹѹסһʣոô£ϣ׼ܸĽ͡
۵ı𱦱ӡʲôô£׼ңզһŪҼҹɴûп޵ôһû˵أ㵹ˡŭ𣬺ĪԣްأﰡŶ̵Ĺȣ޲ޡĺŻıӣְĺ󱳣һһ£ǴͰ

ֿ;÷ǳЦǷ̡
޶ǱӣŸţŮأͲŮˣҲˣˣģ
椶бֿСﱧڻЦЦḧͷͬʱĶͷ׼ңҾ֪ҼҴ椶ϵˣôģеģҪĽ͡
˶٣˵椶Ǹң˲ϡûйϵϡ椶ҵĸζҵĴ󱦱Ҿ֪һûҺö˶˵һػ˺ۣ

⣬⣬ǻŭϣ׼һĴŮе飬죬ѾˣֹѸʲôµģļĻǴӴСܻЩİأµͷЩİ˵ţֿۻıӡոҼҷݿ˳أСӼҼܻеġ

ֿЦҼҺ˺ۣ·ãͷӲƵģǴúã°װۣ껭ϵ޶ƵģҾ֪֣Ϊʲôô󣿡
׼ҿ䱦ӣͷ͸ˣЦЦرġżҾôһܵϸЩǡ




7.  7˵   ӷӷӷ𡭡

²Ǹɡֿ˸ۣų佱װͿŶżҵһ׼ҵ˼ǣҼҴ椶ͲżҵĺӣҪô˵ĻҲУżҲϡҴ椶ּϡӵŮҾʹȥˡ
ȡ׼һɲô˵ģ⣬޳ȥŮóȥˮأӼ޵żңɾżҵϱˣĺȻҲżҵġϼüĮ࣬ǿЦӣеżˡ
ǮҲżҵĺӣּҴߣЦˣ

Ȼżҵĺӣ׼Ұǽ飬ǿɵúúõЩֿ˶٣˵ɣͷ׼ȥ˶ũأżҺҶڣͷˣżҰũٻȥʱڡ
׼˵棬ĪеţͬʱҲе¡զˣһСѾͷƬӣ׼ҪʲôŲǺѰ𣿡棬Ҫȥ˻ţګګʣǸûʲôĹǵϸ־׼еףס־ȥ˺ְûʲô¶
ׯ˼ҶԣҲûʲô£ǱȵũҪҪġ

ֿ£ֱ˵ȥ˻ҲУ椶һּңʲôʱżҵ˵˿գٹѰ˵¶ϸϸ
۳˳ϣű˶ʹ˸ɫҸߡ˿ˮתԺȥ

ȵȵȵȵȣϼ׼˵߾ߣϽȥ׼¶Ǻú˵µͷ˭Ҵûģ׼ôżأֲͷء벻ͨⶼʲôʲôĪˤӲɡ
⻰ֿģӿ˲ӣôϡ
߰ȥˣȥﺰˣ
УҺҸŴ椶ǻֿתȥ
װģţҲ֣ûϴ߹󲽸ĸס
ͽվԺſڵϣ˳ȥĸּö˶˵ģǵʲôأһţεııӣҴææȥԼҵ

ܿ죬ͷɻżŮٶˡ
żûʲôأҲĶĶأСС˿ڲ٣˻±ЩǮ⿿ԼвͨҧҧĶ
ôһ㣬ʮĶҪźţƫż˿ڶ࣬ʵ٣㣬Ҫڼӣ椶棬ʣµĶȥ
椶С椶ҲøȥɻڣҪڼС椶̫СǸ޶ʲô²֮˵

׼ʲô£˵ɡͷݣֿƤޱ˾䣬ǲá
Ҳûʲôϲ費ϲĴ֮ĺûУɼжôơ
ֿŲܣʲôֽòɡ׼ҲŤ󣬾Ϳżɽ˵ˡҾʣŮô£
һԺſڣƼڴ椶ϣֽ֦ľͷ׼ҸҵĽǣӼ֣Ҿ֪ƾʲôҼҴ椶˺ûģȴװ׾ң
ǺӼ֣׼ңɱ˽飬椶⺢ǲϡеϡżҵĺӣȻһͬʣ⵱еľ͵úǺúõ˵˵
޶԰ּҲǲҼҵĺӵӿұָ˵ֲţҲУҴȥͲͷżˡ

ͷӷ֣˶վżҵĺӸּʲôϵ׼Ҳ̫ЩһּҵĹѸܵżҵͷ˲ɣżҵĺôţֹѸûаϵ
˭˵ûйϵƴɤŰ˭˭ֿվʮĻ˾䡣ϻһּҵѪΪ޳ȥŮóȥˮޣĹƨɹİɣϵ⣬òʮ꣡Ϊ޽żҾͳҵˣõǳҴ׳ĻǴ·ˣҹܲˣ˭ҶҪһ䣬¶ҵܹܲܣûʸܣ

˵ʶɰż˶˵ˡ
źƺҲͦеĹҲ԰޳ȥŮóȥˮӹô°
Ҫôأ죬ںˡ
ȫ֪Ҫôء

ҪҲǣֿ̫ˣ·˵ľͺϸô£쾭ģ˵ľǶԵġ
Ҵ߼ҲûҲŴ
˰û飬еľȻҲȥ
ⲻһ¾͸סˡ

˵ɣ׼¶øҸûǲ߳żġֿɨˣĿ䵽ͷϡ޶Ů޶ݣԣûҼҺӣԣ˭ҪǸҼҵĺӲӿССͱܲܵԲóԵĿֹ࣬Ѹһͬ⣬˭У˵ȥﶼУ
׼Ҳ˵ᣬҼҹŮҹʲôӣ˵һ䲻õĻûûСΪ֪żҾ˶û취ӿôҿȻҲ˵ʲô
㿴椶ٿż޶Ҫ㣬ҲҼҵĺӲӿ˵ҲǽˣҪƫ޶԰µиȣţ̫ڰ

һͷͨ졣
ӣԱ̫ˡƽʱæĹܵЩҲûע⣬±׼˵Ǿãͦζ
׼ң£ȷʵżҶԲסˡִ˲ÿֹѸίʵ̫ӲЩͷֹ̾ѸˤӺͱ飬ԽԽȥӣŲԽʶ˷ǱӻҪˡ
ɷô˵ˣȻҲñ̬׼ңҲңæͷϵĻһʱûע⿴ӣԺ󲻻ˣұ֤ĺӰҶúÿŵģǴ椶С椶Ƕĺúӣίǡ

ҲǶ׼ˣŴŴ˵ûҿ϶ǼΪŵġֿͣ˵ҲЩü۴ЦЩ˳ǰø˳󲡣ûͦŮҲʹ޶Ҿ밡ǽؼҼ죬кڼͼ֣ġ
˵Ż˶ʹ˸ɫ
ԱߵɣҰ˳
ҸɽҰζ˵òԹҪⲻһûע͸ˣԼҲûʲô˼׼ҳʡ

Ұ⣡
ͷԲ۾˿
Һøոûг嶯ҸȻܴһͷҰ
⣬Ҳ̫ЩءϳƤӣЦеǿβܿƵĶ¡
ƽմǵؽܱߵɽѱˣҰζضɽģӴҵ谡˵ּǺӳÿ׳ʵһͲǺǵģҺûǡ
ӷӷӷ




8.  8ɩ   ϡǮأϽ

ӣֿȻǴּҡ
뿪żʱżڵǵԺſڣֿżߣŹŮŮ߶߶˵ͨü۴ģ൱ĺͰסͷվԱߣϺЦ˿ͷ˭Ҳ¶һȥ˿Ǻг

ţʻϪ壬ֿű˶ӵȥ椶ˣÿõҩȥͿСҼҵҪɱʲô̺۲źá
ȣġӦ˸ȥ

ҶССҽв٣ֻֿռϤЩǴŴ椶ռȥ
ռõĴ椶ϵʱĸϸźۼֽţƺڼͷؽڵȡ
ֿﲢûֹϸЩҲã׵û

ûʲô󰭣һЩƤˡ˵ţ˶٣ֻصӻСͷûȫأƽʱע㡣˵رί˵ʱüšš
Щõҩָ࣬ⶣ˼ʳ顣
ֿﻰ˼ܽһ仰ЩӪ
żҵҲ̫⡣

ռóֿű˶ӵʱҲû뵽¶ûʲôǮҰȥǮǱ߶ûʱˣٹȥҼﻹеҰ⡣
޵Ůһˮƽֱ˴ˣҰ⡣
áҰ⣬ʱ̫ġһǧ߿
ȥɣҴӾš

ɺܿͻˣͷϢ΢ֱСݣʮһļ۸ġ͵ĸס
۸ǺܱˣҰѵãձʮĵʮһҪʱ䣬ĸףŴҴææĵͼ۳֡
ôˣҸֿüЦĿ䡣ߣ椶С椶ӣʱ硣

ĸû˵ɿͬʱְګƣѵĸѾҰ۸ˣţӣض߶߶һ
Һļʱ¶ൢᣬĸת͸Ҫ飬˵󲻴˵ССҲͦ鷳

СвҪ޵ģԺȴ棬ð졣
żҾ͸һϴѣҴ˲ǿֿе㿴ϡ
˲ƥͷõңһϴѣͷ黨Ьȣǹ˵ĸɻҩĵȣǮ˸ɾ

صʱʹպ棬һһɰ
µظɻֿˮߣӣ׵׵ϴ˸裬ͷҲϴøɸɾϻĨ˵֬¶أЩЩнЦ۾⡣
ͯЦҩĿеƣһɨգֿһͰ·߿Ĵˮϴ
ۣһ㶼ۡ

Ұ㡣椶С˵ţ·
ֿϽֹոϴ裬ɲܰŪʪ·еĴء椶ԣ˾ͻ˯Ҷ죬һṦϴˡ
椶ϵĺˮûеСִĻصڼҶϴѣҿϴ
ĺӣûȸءֿͷġﲻô椶ϴѣԣȥһϴˡ
ЩнǲϤ椶Բ̫Ը󵽵׻߿ˡ
СС˶죬üͷһɺܶҾɻġ
Ҳûȥʹ£Ŀϴѡ
ֿĴŮеۡ

ּҵ٣࣬ɻ硣
ߵſڣ͸Ĵĸ׺Ůڴԣ֪˵ʲôŮЦúܿġ

ֿ̧ͷۡˡ
ʱȥɽ
лء
ߣЩ㿴
Уȥɡ

ɸûã˸긾˴š
ֿ˷䣬Цкݲ衣ϸ˵óһɩ
ǴŮ޶أùֱ£üѡɩ˵Ż
ֿ׼Ǹʲôͬƽʱ߶ȴ̫ڡüң˵ҵüҲ
һûһš

ɸϱ֪ﻹûҰ⣬ϾѵùͰһҰ⡣
еǻеǲ̫࣬øͼȥ
Ҳ̫࣬ҰͺãǮ˵ţɩǮ˹ȥ
ֿǮȴûֽӡɩ׶ʮһǮɾҰ⣬ͷ֪ˣöΡҡͷֱ߶šɲɣһ̧ͷͷһͬʰܷ˱˴ˡ

Ҳ˵㲻˵˭֪ҲǴɽģǰǮ˵кη ɩ˵䣬ǮֿɩֲԸɸϱɲôСҸڣûҰԡ
ɩҲӣҲǸ߸׳׳ʮ㣬ҿţɩͱҰ⣬ֱӽǽɽ෽㰡óԣŻǮءֿͷƤʣҰҲ࣬ҾԸųˣɫ磬ɩϽӣɽ˵ܸǰֻҰء
ֹѸҪɩе㼱ˡǮҰǿ㡣ǰֹѸǮó
ֿϡǮأϽޣϴ˸ݣĹš

ɩŽյţû̫⡭
û˵ͼֿţЦһãǿƴĻҾ͵ˣôŰɣҰ⻹ͲˣǮҰҰ⣬Ρ
㡭
ҡ
ɩίʵĵˣ˶ͿˣǮݺ˳ȥ
ֿֿѸٹţͭľŷ䵽˵ϡͿɩŷӦȻǮˣŹؽȥǮܻ˼ҡ

ָֿɩԶǱӰԵŮû̫ʵأ͵Ƣ˲ҲˣңܶҲҪļ䣬ԺҲ۸
գգ۾ãȻС椶¶ѹͲ֪˵ʲô
ֿ룬û¶żܰǵ

ѡ
š
ѡ
š
ѡ椶죬ʵҲ֪ΪʲôҪѣ뺰Ȼֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ֿ룬Сеʲô뷨̫Сƽʱû˽֪Ҫô¶еѰĥĥϱûӴⷽ档




9.  9¼   Ұѻţͱ

ûôޣʱ㣬ֿεĺܷʢ
⻹زˣһһ±ζ
ˣ˳Ԣƽ˳졣

С£ĸˣǲôˡ
ֿ۽Ǵ椶СС;ͱ죬̫꣬ˡ
ţС˳˳
ó̫࣬ùܾίƽƽһ˳졣

椶С椶꣬С˶СԵҲ٣ֿôԡ
ڻҸĺӣϻ˵Сӳӡ
ķϵĲˣǶɨ˸ɾ

ֿʰʱҸݺϴ衣
椶۰Ͱ͵ؿѣû˵Ͳûдż֣Ѹɻ
С椶ǽСβͣܰСβͣվҲվţ㿴ѣҲСͰͶĿѣԲش۾а¶֪

椶ɡֿ˵ˮˮ£պúʣ˵Ϸšϴõ룬Ϸţûع
áлɣ椶ɸˣЦЦü䡣ϸϸİãֶõţæ¶ٴ档
Ŵ꣬˵ֹ䣬ȴ·˺üꡣ

Ҹϴȥ
ƺǲ֪оɵϰߣϴ˳ְϴˡ
ֿ˸ɾѽãű˶ϴѣ˳˾䡣㿴ŵС޶
ȡҸӦ˦˦ϵˮȥܿ죬ͼͰˮˮ£̵Ļٶҵˮ
ոպáֿ⡣˶Ҫʲô£æҲԱοĿţ·˵ţҵĶ˰
Ӵˣľˡ

ûʲôǣҲǰ޹⡣
ֿľʹŮ˯ڹŴ֮£ڰҸš
ҪҸʲô飬ǣ̶С£׶ֵ˼ˡ
⣬СһץҲ׶ôĸ׵ࡣ
ίʵװ

⣬ոڳ˯С
ϵĴ椶Ѿ۾ͷ˯úѣգգ۾֪ʲô
˻ᣬͼŵ˴СĳȥŴ⣬Ĵѡ
ߵ£ǡڳľ˾ˣ죬ϸϸĺ˾䡣
ôˣҸţȥ
˯˾ˡ
Ҹĵ𣬰ˮ椶ţ͸ԱߵݲľҸϴʱҲϴҸԲ˵ȥҲȥˡ

˵ѣټ棬ദ
ҲнڣС椶Ų¡˯УǸо㲻ˣۣԺ䷢Աûʱ˶ˣɵɵڴϣյ䣬ҷ
ֿò̫ԾŬĳſǧصƤۣһȥʱ;ˡС椶զˣֻŽŵİﱧ޲ޣôˣ˵˵ǲˣû¶أζǷģû¶İ

˺һᣬС޶ûˣֿ֪ɨף椶أ̧ͷ۴⣬ɫԼż㡣Ѿ˰ɣ䣬ԽԽпܣøϽȥ
¶ûףֿͱС椶š


ѡ
Ҹګĸô磬С椶ʱеˡ
ͦ簡Ĭ˻ᣬֿɰͰ͵ЦŸɰͰ͵˵˾䡣
С椶ϸϸĺ˾䡣㡣ñֲֵģ
ȴݡû£ģеֿ¶ŻС޶ʱССķȶҪ

椶ŽݣҸסָָ֡ϴ֡
˾ˣǲˣ
Ҹ롣ûС
ʱ˵ɡ
á˶٣Ҹ˵ԸС椶˵СẦ¡
ã֪ˡ

ֿС椶ѣС޵˵ϣҡҡλεȥſ߸ߵżֻüӿϵٶȣ´ѣͷɢİ͵椶ߣͷԸ꣬øŮᣬ˳̴椶ͷ
Ȼ緹緹ǰӣ²ڣмͷúгƬϵҺ΢΢ƣζҲܺáС椶ⰮԣӶ˲ϳԣ˫ſͷƬССĿУСģǿɰ

һȥ壿С޶ܲһȥҸ˾䡣
ų޵ִִŶˣδУֿеȥȥͷṳ̂ʵиôðųĿֹѸĹŮ衣Ҳùȥ
Ҹ̫ĸһ˳ӣŮǣһȥ
ҲСֲԸû⡣

ƽմڣ·ҲƬ̹
椶ҪԼ·ֿҲûǿǣ֣С椶Ҹš

ŵ壬ڴھ˸ףֿŸͷеɵζӴֹѸŮأ˵ȥϪ壬ż˶ٺݵģ˸Ѫͷ˼۴椶С椶ǴŮأ׼ּػôţ
Ϣͦͨءֿ˳ǡ
ƽմҲ˸ӣйص£ùҹɡ˵ͬڵɩҲ˶٣ǲģֹѸҿڿ˲𰡣˭ҧ˭ءֺǺǵ˵ţЦ⣬ǿֲ¶
ֿŻ²£һ᲻վһٺݵģ
٣û㡣˵ȴе𡣡ã㳶Ƥﻹһѻ

˵µأһͽ˸û³ͷšֹѸˣˣˣҲ޵ĹŮųأҲ֪ж֡
ҡĺӣհں̣һĳȥţ˵ֹѸϪ£˵ͱɫƾڵֹѸҲǶ֣ЩĻɫûɶֿɿ
̣Լڡ㲻ȥ㲻ȥҹȥ˵аһƣֹѸжԭ˵ҴһֻŲ˹ײİ塣
ȥҲš

ҪſڣֿԶԶƼһˣе죬ϸϸؿۣ˷䣬ȻЦˣɤӺɩϱǴȥأ
Զĸˣǻ£˵ˣʱе˫ȷɫֱ䡣ǣ׼ҰЦȴҪް㣬ü͸Żҡ

ȣÿգҹƴֿҰ⡣ҸɴֻҰζһѷƵܹԼҲûʣ٣õǳʣⶼЩûҰ˰ɣҰѵأɽȥ
ϱĿİӦšǣǰڵأȽȥﺰϱ˵䣬ͺ޲ðȾܡ
аֿͷԺȥ׼ңæʲôء
ȴĽӣҲ㲻ˣֻӲͷƤϡѹˣ
һΪ׼ûأոſɩ˵˻Ựû׼ҳ
ϵЦʱסˡûûأͣ䲻̫ʹˡȲȲ衣

ҸҰ˵׼ҳʡֿҰ˹ȥζúأ
ԷѿĽӹҰ⡣
ⲻпҲҼǲĹŮ޵ôҾͼ·Ľų̣ƽʱأҲȥ⵱ģҰҵⲻ͹ƣܲܿ˫Ųǣͷ׼ҿɲ˵Ҳֿ˵̣üۺЦȴַ·𴦴͸䡣
ԸأȴЩɷ񣬹Ȼ߲ưŽˮ͵͵ö˶˵˸ʲôһҲͰˣڣһˤˤ˸ɷ˵治

ִɩߴţææϣſųųĳŽӵһˡֱˮ۾ˣĨ˰ĸ׺͵ܵܡҸ
㼱ʲôˤô죿ֿȥ⺢ӣǰڼɣɵôӣɩͷˮư۵ģֲż
ϱ˵ԥľܽ˳ˮ

ϴʲôȥϴʰٹӲ̫˵˵˾䣬ǿѹѹġ
ֿЦЦˮ˹ˣϴֲǱˣ̫
ӺԼҴϱ˶ˣ
ûء
Ӵ첲ô£զϵġֿ䡣ô°ϢˣװͰ͵Žӣ˳ɨԱߵĿϱ
ָ֪ԸġƤϱİŹˣǰôû˵¶
ִֿηηΨŵò˵æӵɲУȥҸƣô˵ģһǱ˴أҼŮСӾɵɵ⵱Ŀɲɵ
ȥϾͲ˰ɣôС£òҴûô˵޶֪أĶ׵ϱ϶˵õĺܣòòš룬ֹѸȻѲ

˵أһݣզ׼Ҹ飬ԭ鰡ֿƤЦⲻЦԸĹŮ޽㽪ң˲ϧ⵱ܹţ˵򣬱һҪҪϸϸƸҵҪĸ۵ģƤӵ´ҹŮ
ѻ˭ˣµý֤ݣֻ۾ҴŮˣûдִָϱ˵棬˵ôġ
ңҡִţֿԥáңԼˤġԴ˫ֽŵ½ǡ
ɡӵƳֿ׼ң˵ɵùӣ࣬˵ģҸأѰϱͣɱΪװ׻ּҿɾôһˣȢϱҿôּڡ

ֿü۵Ļء£治׼Ҳġǲ࣬һᰡǵϣҽĴŮϵˣˤĻǱ˴ģĳҽβܲ㶼
Ҹȥţ༸Ǯû⣬ܽ赽ţͺá
ɵͷ̧Ŵߡ

ĽеšʲôʲôֹѸ¹ܵҲ̫˵ɣ˵ԸˤģôţԸ׹Ůˣ˵ҪҪҲҽҵ£ּʲôϵɱˣϱǼ޽ҽҵϱԺҲҽҵķأҽҵĹ
ޣһʺһĹŮǳҴ˻Ǵ·ˣ޽ҾͳˣҪĪˣϻк룬ּҵĹŮʼּҵĹŮ㽪ҵϱģŲˣһּҵĹŮ
ߵſڵɣûͷ˵˾䡣㣬ģּʼļңһӶǡˣңܹ鲻㡣

˼˶ըˡֹѸ̫񣡶ʮһ׮飬ôģúõӲǵ׹Ůݻؼң˼Һﶼûô񶾣ҿأ㴿ǲŮҪ
ˣֿЦôҴ˽￴в˭ǣңҼҴǡһҪŴȥҪôϸϸҹŮ飬ǰҼҹŮûʲô¶иһҰѻţͱˡ




10.  10´   ҸúǮ극

ֿһǣһǣŴ椶С椶ߡ
˹Ůɵ㶵ظԭվţû˾䡣ߣ
͵ִ·˰㣬һָһľľګګĸĸһһŲš

ۿҪ߳ԺӣסĽӲſع
嵽£ɽӵ̬ϱһ꣬˰ĴϱϽ˸û
ҪֹѸҽݣִ󣬽ɾͶˡƽ´µ֪һЩһ£±׼ͱ̨һ¡

վû۵ִӵĺʶľرܣüۻ̻̲
ϱ״ϲϽȥקˡ
ʲôֿſϱֱݺݵ˦ƣ˹Ůʲôܣʵţ
ϱԼ֣໵Ľţֱۣģò
̫õֿĿŲҰѪɨֱһ죬ѪҴЩ
㡭ŵÿϱϽ˫ֲ󣬻Żŵܵߣ˵ɽˣһʱ֪˵ʲôá
ӿûϢͺ޲жԶ߶ԶѻĺܡֹѸҪͽ˺

ţɻĺܿ졣
ɫƵĽڿţЩˡ׼ң׼ң׼ҡһĺţļءϱϵˣǿ϶ҪģҲһʱģ׼ң㿴òһأ۽˵˵ļǮûأ޽ҽңҽҵϱϲ̹ˣȻҲҽҳǮ׼ҳǮĵ
ţ̫죬Ҳ֪ǴĸǧģϷ¶󣬶ûҪôӦֹѸţˡ
ͷҲõͷȰѾס˵

ּҵĹŮͲͷ㽪ҳǮˡֿʹѽӵִĸ첲ÿŮϵˣҲһյˣǰأҲ㽪ϧˣ𴺻ǽҵϱҪǲֻ°׼ҵﻹûҹŮӰء
Ǹѵõĺϱأ׼Ī˵ЦˣԼҹŮʲôܲϱ˵˵һ˾ͱͷ˵ɱɹˣ˲ֵùҵĲˡЦЦ˵šҿɾԩĽţ

ɽŮţϡ㣬߰ɡøӳˮƤӣǣĸ첲ţȥ

ۼĸβӲԣѹȥ˲䷭ڣðȴʵʵĸûа취鼱֮£ִϱ߳Ժţͱٻˣ
⻰һףѻججִ˸Уһ£ţּ¡

㡣Ŷļ£ڡ
ֿЦŨŨĳв˭أΪ㽪ǽѣǵøŰƵĸҴţ¶ҹŮϵˣ׺󣬽ûͷ㽪ҾҹŮҲǲ߽š

椶ãԹɵţϣ˵껰Ҳ֪أСԹ϶һתСϣգգʹ۾ŴŴغ˾䡣С̡
¶С椶ĲᣬֻŽѧҲĺС̡
㣬߰ɡ˵ţ죬ĶļȻ󣬷ſ֣˰ļ򡣡߰ɡ
ִ̧ͷľګګɨ椶С椶ԵĵܵܣǶţһĸϡ
ٵȥ緹ûóԡֿͷ˵ţ˹Ůţ˳ֽ椶ơˡԼ౧С椶

ƽʱڼĽӣߵ壬վԺſڣĿֹѸĸҵϱһӵĻ뷢
ޣõļ滣ӡһͨӻǲĻԽԽʱƼĴϱûֱʲô˳ֳϱȥûӰ֪ȥ˻ûõķҹϽ
ϱӭĵӣˣԲ۾ֱ㶵ؿţ֪Ҫ㣬ҲҺý׼ͷԣҲӿǰ
˻ᣬϱŷӦţһƵܳӡ
̫ˣͱˣ

ңô˺ȥɿ𣬾Ѿɹҳһš

ţ뿪壬׻ûȥ
ʱе㲻ˣۿҪʱûؼʱܵסС޶ܲסСӳθ͵øעЩ
˼ңûͣЪʻţߣðţȥ

㿴ŵ椶С椶ȥŪ緹ֿߣӱ˵󷹣ȥݲĲ˵ժˣݺ󾮱ϴ
ִʹڳ˻еСľͷƵġ
ֿۣΣջ𡣡
ɴ˽ͷĺ
ȥϴЪֿЦô飬˵Żͷвˡ
ִĸֿܵܣе֣Ҳûô룬Сϣţʵʵջ۽⿴ŵܵܣˮϴƺǿˣҪˮֻһ㣬ˮһںȾװˮСš
ûˮˣֿƼšӦûе㡣ϻֻСǴɵģСɾ¡ģӲ޶̫ѿûš
ţǮСҵţĸûżǮƣﻨ˶Ǯɻǻһһʮĸĸס
ֿû̧ͷֻǵ˵ԴȥѼǮϡ
ȥá

ִĸ׺͵̸ܵܵԹ϶κûؼңôֵֹģ
ûףȴ֪һ¡
òȥĬ˻ᣬСĵ죬ͻõġ
ǮܵȢϱģܻϣûֵ̿ͬʱرޣ˵Ǹʲôζƺΰ㣬Ʈŵģʵ

Ǻˣ֪˶ٲֿޣôˣ޶ϸϸ·𲻸¶ģᣬúΣʹˣǮҲûΡ
㣬˵öԣġɾĸ˵ԽԽеˡ
ִʵҡͷǮţҪҸȢϱҸʮˣۿҪʮˣͣкЩ˵ɵܵϱӰûš
Ǯû˿иһٶǮҲû취ֿȰ䣬ߣ˵ٶҲãһĵҸúǮ극Ǿȥ




11.  11   ʣĲģ

ִԸȥϣǸʲô״Լĺܡ
ȥһ֪ҪǮҴССˣͿŵܵǮͼ±Ǯ
û£һµظɻҪȥ
޿䣬ˮҪǮƵģѴѵֿô죬ⳡ治֪ĻΪѱ˹Ůôˣ˶޵òģɡ
ƮƮض¾仰۲Ϊ߳ݡ

椶ǣãಽĸѣСβƵģյ׷
ֿ˳ţеۡ
ѡ
ѡ
椶ŴŴغｿＷ
С椶ĺʲôҲѵĻЦ
ƣֿʱһͿĻסС޶ǵĶͷԡü۴飬Ŀⶼ紺̫ůůء

ִȥţ͵ûȥ
ڴţֻҪţι۲ݼɣҲǶ¶
µˡ
ǰŸ߳ͼִӸ˳Ҹһȥ
Ļ࣬һ˾Ūꡣ
ȥִ˰ѳͷڼͷҸ￴
ֿùȥȥɡ

ϣûסڵ㣬ΪáĳĸЩġ
ִ֪Ӧţ˼ż˵ƺЩͬЩ
˵ʲôɲ̫ˣŲáǰŽˮԴûʲô¶ȴ¡
ĸ˵ǰܾã޳ȥŮóȥˮϵ⣬·Ҳûٹϵնɱ˼ҵϱ˹ŰǾԵ¶ܿΨԼŮ͸ĲͬЩ
찡һע⣬˵ͰĶŮˡ
ĸ˵⻰ʱɹţ;۾ۡ
˵һܶˣŻĵЩҲãҲãңҲиһƽʱչ˵̫ȫһûӣõʱ򣬰ճ鶼ţҲģͶ̽ңҲ̤ʵˡ

ִ죬˵һ֣વš󣬴󣬴ô˵
죬ɲŻûáĴûⱾ¡˻ᣬű˲ѵĶ˳ŵҲΪã˵ֻܵͷͺã泩ˣȻʲô¡
ִ˵óֻޣ˿Ҳ֪Ҫô죬ܵ˵һĵͷ
֪ĸ׵ôأŴ˵Ϊûʲô£Ҳûлң֪֪͸ûģ

˸ˣ죬һյ¡
˵Ӳ̬ǿƣ϶ǲ˿Ц˵һ棬Ҫǣ֪˹Ůڿˮ֭尾ŹӣĿţһѾһѡ
Ǯ
Ŀǰûʲô·ǱߵĺֿЩСɵ
ֹеŵġ
椶ҲûţЩܼ£С椶ܰһ㶼֡

ִɽӵڱӡ
ŷ³ͷִ͸ѧ˱ӣۼеͷҲûЪţɽ￳ЩӺֶǿԱӵġ
̫ɽҪʼִֽĺܣժϴ˵ȵȣֿګơ˹ŮţЩء

һȥü죬Ҳ˹
ִеû˵üȴѶ뷨¶һ
ؽңǳ޵ĹŮסҲ¶˵ҲܻܵûȢϱأ¶˳ɻ˵Ӱ졣
˹Ůû˵ֿҲװŲ֪㲻£ÿ֧ææ⣬ʡͺ˼롣

õӶ˲٣ǰҸţˣһֻ⵹Ҳ
Ҫǻ£˵ԶسǶټ۸Ҳʵݣͦࡣ
ЩģֿĻиߵ·ߣֱ۸˵ģʮģʮĲȣȽϷʱһܱһǼõģ͵Ҳ̫ࡣ

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ϻȥ࣬̽̽·ûг·ӿСŶЩ˺Щȥ͡
ˣֿûȥڼӣҸȥϻصľڣҸȫȵס

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ʣĲģ




12.  12²   㣬ûô

ĸ޶ðĶԴЩнִӷڨڨȻվŽҲҲǡ
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椶̧ͷ۸ĸˣͷ̵رӡ
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ִֺõЦţŮЩӣ椶С椶鷳ˡ˵䣬Աߵɷ
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ʲô鷳ģ椶С椶Եĺܣر£˵ǵѣչ쾭壬òôס״ֿٹƳǵ⣬Ҳȥӵعϣûȥż˿ڶ࣬徻أǾܷģҰ֤ðװ֣ܰί
⡭ִеżǹ椶С椶ȥ⣬סѼҲǸ¶˵ȥ̫ء
ǾǡɽͷѣܲһڳԵġ

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Ҳȥ椶۸ĸɿ˵˾䡣
С椶ҡСԹϣϸϸĸ˾䡣ȥ
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⻰˵ģѷ˸ͨ죬죬Լ˵仰ָסˡ

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ҲԣһӻͻȻľͿˣֹѸĿӾںͷţ͸ļ泩

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ˣӲÿ̫˳ˣеܱࡣ

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13.  13»   ɣö˳

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ִ£ϵ£ЩϽᣬŴţȴҪůЩ
æ˰죬ԶɽƮöУ𣬵հˮֵСպ̵Ĳˮ

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Ҿ٣˯˾ˡִЦ˵ӡô˯᣿û¶
һ㶼ʱѡҸŶϵɫԣһʪУԼµ˹ȥ㣬ȴҵģ˺
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ȥ
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ڵܵæ飬ִѾֲ֣еۣҲеᣬʮȥû˭ҵܱȵܵܡ
ҸĹûƽʱû£Ҳȥ߶߶˵˸ϲĹء
ģ
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ӣţû˵һӴСȫڼùֲϵǼˣ

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Сءֿ䡣ǲл˵ʲôǲֱ˵ģǵñŤŤ
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еᵽܵܵĿˡĸ׳Ųס£ô죿ҧҧԼϰɣܲܿŵܵһֱܵܶð͸Ȣ涼ͬõĹ

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Ÿܵ£룬һʱȴûض֡
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լڼҲҪʱŹ䣬Դ˶С嶼á

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һֱ̫ɽûʱ࣬ûٵ飬ʰʰţء

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Ҹӵּ򵥵ӾͲˣҲЩء
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һ£ٶģϻض˽Ǯ
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ԭǲҪŮǮӲҪû취͵źãͷѰͷøǡ

£ͿԸǳ·ˡغǮҸϲ̵˵˾䡣
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14.  14´   ϧʵ

ִʡŵǮ·ܵȢϱҪ׼ʲô𣿡ҪģǸϽܵѰ׵ȫĺϱ
Ҹûô뷨ʲôҪܶǮŹϸϸҵ׶
ԭȼûʲôǮҲǽʱ䣬ӣŴס˵Ǯ˵Ҳ࣬ũСȴҲƵϸ֡

¶żһ룬˳˼ֿھ˵˹Ů϶ͬ⣬ĿǰϰΨеܵܵĻҪġ
ҸĹǲǵץӸ޻£ִ룬ĸ׺ͿܵܺͿɲܺͿǮ಻װԽԽǮ͵ðѵܵܵĻ¸ʰ޳ɾôɵǮӪˡ
Ǳģֿ˾䡣ȻҸĻҪ
˵öԡִ¶õЦ

ĸףٿ㣬ҸʵͦΡ
ڳûʲô̫뷨ĹˣûҲûϵǲżġ

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椶Ŭ§áѣ˯ˡû˵Ÿҳƽʱ˵ʱҲڵġ
˯ɡֿҪ˯ŵС椶Ҹֿ죬Ľ˱ڻ
ִյ͵ƣǣ椶֡߰ɡ

ĸ׺Ůɵ˴ϣִϸĵǿ˿ʣó࣬һûעױҧšݣվſڵҸӹ͵ƣŶ˯Լ
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磬ܳҹ̡ܶ
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ҸûʱӣùŵĻִӵԽԽãǸϲ򵥵ĴڻЧʣϧڻż۸ĵҲ١
̫ˣԶĴ椶ж

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ҲŰҪԭܷչǰеġ
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ҸæŲԾԷʱ˾䡣ǲǱЩ
ûаֿҡͷǶ༷˵ʱӡ
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椶С椶ССҲܰŸЩܼС£Сѣ˵˵̲̣°ɣҲЩˡǰϴ֣Ĩ֬ÿϴ裬ϴͷͷƯƯ۳һģԽԽˮ飬Щ˹ŮøҴƣĹŮ

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ⳤ鶼ദģҸãĸװТ˳ТȻҲԸ⾡ĺĸס

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һֱãˤԴеİʱǱ˸Ƶģӵܵܣ·ûôˡ
ʵ˰ɡǺܱܵܵģֻЩ¶ﻹǺܰܵܵġ
ĸԸԼȵͷҲҪܴܵӣͷеģҲ֪Ϊʲô

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˿ˣͬӵģƽʱô˵Ϥ̫߳Ĵæأͦš

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15.  15¿   ÿµĸ´˵

ҿ׳ﵹţҼһڸũæյׯڣȴŶͷҼָֻţҺּҵ¶ҵ¡ֿ

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ֿۣˣЦԱĬĬӵı˹Ů׳˵öԲԣ˶٣ʵּأؽң
ҡȻҡִһ죬ߣŷӦ亹ôˣסһˣô뷨ңңҡ
˵ؽҡȴ·˸̣ô˵
Ը⣬Ըؽҡ

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˵ѵĻأôͲţ׳ﱻʹϵЦάֲסд棬ܳܳµġסּҲʺϣĲʺϣţòʺϡΪҹڲأйһзҪĸҲˣ޶ĹӣŮ˭⻰˶ÿ͸ҡͷˣҸôҲǰ״
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ִ˵ĸ׵ģÿζŲ죬ͬʱãĸ˵ƺЩء

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ֿտյĽúЦźˣĿԼϱϣ΢΢һӲϱÿءϱЦţеɬ
Ҳûг˵ֿ֪׳϶нҵӰӣŮţһ㶼⡣æ죬ôпչˣ
պõ裬еִ̡ɷϴЦǳƵġɷˣµǰطңûܵũæأۿûʣˣ粻رˣ

öĸеﶼϳ˿ͷɲһ׺ӴȥġɰͰ͵˵ţӣηηģҲסʱˣҲûؼˡ
ŶȥæǰɣֿǺЦҼҳԺúȺ˯ãò˵⣬Щˣ㽪׼أҪˣֿտչҪˣʲôȥˣΪҺ۸أͽȻθߡ
սսؽñŵöʱ˸¡⣬Ҳû˵ʲôԩ۸ĸˣ⣬ϱ˵ŶҪ޳ˣϴһˣпá

ֿĺܣֹѸôѡŮѡôҷϡ㻹֪ϱأϱôû㾡ɷΣͿ򣿿һˣôԸһҸǰ˵ϱޣûʣûʣΪϧҹŮҵŵ棬һӻ
ҹԶ㣬žֿòУûסŽúݺݵ˽šȥ仰б𱳺˦УǵһΣûжΣ´ΣֱšҪȥͺúôҸҺúõĹŮ޽㽪ңҵţġ

ñ˽źݵģֱӵ˵ϣĸĻ˵ʲôּܳҡ
һ˺ԶԶʵܲŷſڴڵĴŴ
ÿµĸ´˵ʲôҲˡ




16.  16   磬ͻȻǼ

д··иӷڴΪʲô£Сǰ٣ֵզˣ
ûûû¶ôĻš
Ĳе찡ף㲻ǣּҡּҶӼҵŮ𣿡˵˵ţˡ彪ǲǣٺ٣ϱס˰ɣأûŻ׼ȥӣ䣬ŹɿϷζ

ûָƽ˵ּңͲ뵽ĸϻĸ;۵ЩŷûûءĻ˾䣬ضܴˣøϽؼȥ
߰˵̫󰡣ҿӣôˣʲôˣһסҪ뿪ĽáҪҪҼЪ᣿ҼҾǰ治Զ·ߵˣҿɰ˵ûߵңϾ͵ˡ˵ɷ¡

ҸؼңǱҲ̫⣬ɵһͲǸöˣ¶ࡣֱ֣ץסͷ뿪˷Ƶģߵ÷ɿ졣
ЩǱӰЦ˳ɰǱֹѸ˶ٺݵġ
Ѱ˼ţֺǺǵЦֹѸѴ׳˶٣ԼŮ˶٣ôţѳ޵ĹŮмסŲɣ⵹Ȥˡһˤˤ˻ˤɵˣ

ûϣӶ֪ҹˣֹѸûûˣѽø˶ٽʵġ
׳ԣͼӴ׾͸ĿƵģ˵һһͷرãƺĳĺףֹѸ׺̱ĸεĶﶼ磡׹ŮĻ谭׶ӵĻ¡
ǲ̫Ŵ׳ĻǣԽԽ˸ͣ˵öˣҲЩˡ
ֹѸ

ִŶ̶һҹȥͼ࣬Ƥðݡ㿴ɿɣҾ˵ƽʱҪڶ׽еʲôĦҲ̫ݣڣﶼ˵ʲôˣǼᶼˣ˯˯̤ʵ
ҪһǻȥɡȻɷ˶ٽʵģִʱڣؿţ׶ţȺģůļ仺ʡ
˲䣬ͻȻĸ׺͵ܵܲߣԸּңͷô˵
ʱʧһɶ
ûؽȥĸ

ֿڣһ㶼Ҳżĺܡȥ
ҡ
˵Լģ벻ؽҡֿƵıӣҲ±˹Ůɵ׻Ƕ˾䡣ô˵Ǵںںֻǣҵĺǣúòá
ߵĻִĻ˵óڣ·ܵʲô̼㣬þͺ޵رڷйʲô

ֿԱ߿ţˮ˱¿ˮҲû˵ʲô˹ŮԴˣͺȱˮϴɴ˯ϣûʲôǹȥġ
椶޲ֹĶֿ̣˿ѣ¶õЦ̣µġҲ̵ĸ첲˵˾䡣
̣ޡС椶˵ţŬţڶ̵ֱ˿ڣȻ󣬿Ѻͽ㣬ߵЦˡ
ֿǵЦֹֹסű˹Ů˵㿴㻹ءʲôûаϵ׽ˣԸ׽㰮㣬ҪġӵǣЩҽˡ

ִ˺ܾãܾá
ֿһӶˣż˹Ůϴ˰걭ˮ
Ҳȥִ˵ţĬ£ּ٣Ҳ׵Ļȥй⣬ġ
ֿЦˣԴ
椶С椶ҲЦһʱ䣬ЦϺܼܰ

Ҹڵɻûô߶ɻ˵Լʱ£Ҳû˼ɻˣ
˸ţȥˣݵ˹ȥӲʡ˵ô໰ҪҪǵˮ
ƼŭҸεЦš
ܶԽɽһ˾ʹһͷҰˣǲǡ
ҸɭɭȻɨۣһ뿪

ҴææȥŵſڣﴫЦҸŲ΢٣ĿԷɡ
㡣ûпϵ㣬ʡԶԶؾ˵˵ʲôأôˡ
ֿҲûʲôǶ椶Сһ˿ڴ֣ûأȺˡ˵˵ţʡĻæˣ̫ũ߲ûдɼǼŻŸϻġȥ￴㣬ǻ˵ʲôɨʲô
ҸĻ֣һķ

ﱦȫĻЦʱԭء
⣬ôĲһ
˾ˣִ⣬վ˸ˣϸһ˾ˡ
˾ˣ
Ͼ˺á
磬վ
ȫĶ졣

ֿڵĺӣʮ꣬һͷڷ˽룬ܼϡ磬ͻȻǼ¶
ֹѸֵܻǺܿصģҲͱȱҪźһ㡣Ȼ˶ֹѸҲرãǹӣûֹѸ˳˳ޡ

ҹǹǡﱦȫϸԼӣûʲôŮٿС޶һȦĻֱ䣬ʵԵĹճɲﻹЩЩ׹
һףǽʵʵһӣҲʮֻۿ׾ҪѼˡ

ֿ׾Ϻۿ΢΢ȣЩʡʳ㹻ģҰźǱ˲ӣ˲ǮﶼأӱǰùЩ
Ӻùͺáﱦȫ챿̫˵˵һȷʵЩҲˡӺùͺãùͺá߶߶˵ţִԥ

˵ʲôֿЦЦǲʴ£˰ɣﶼأû¶Щĸεûҽ˵Щеûġ
ﱦȫͷͰͶĿ˵ü׺·ĸ㣬ȻЩɿͬʱеЦ˵ءҲ̾
˵ֲǹӣ˵ȥֿν
ִӵ˾ˣģû¶ġ뿪ˣü۵Ҳ̿֡

ﱦȫǹӣúãûίҲˡ
Թżﻹһ£ҴææҪȥ
ֿǮӲҪֻʰЩĳԵģеϣһԶȫ˳ҪҲҪﱦȫûֻ£룬ӵĺˣ֪ˣ϶ˡ

Ÿ뿪ֿȥֹѸļ䣬ϸϸ˰ѡҸǼҵĹǲǿˣ
ˡ
УͰĻʰ޳ȥ˾˼ҡ
٣˼Ķƫƫ׳Ҳ٣ȫﱦȫۻĳš
ãġ
ִӵ˳ȥˣ˲ء
ҲС




17.  17»ϲ   ˵㣬ͷ

ּ٣ִҸûûҹæ죬Ļʰ޵ò࣬ʣµıǸﲥ֣Ҳż
ͷȱɹգͿս֡
ͨͨ׵ֿʹżӴҴææȥ

ס壬ԭҲмĶ
ﱦȫϱ໨һŮ̥ʱЩȽû±ˣǶ˫ӣúǼѣ˶ͷˣҺӣĸ˻ƽ
ӣȴǺ˳ҲúҲգҩӣľͲСãҲ͹ȥˣ̲˵ģҴһͷܵҽܼء
ҽݾǸǮĵضӹýͰͣǮŲĸֲܲΣû취ֻҧһĶһĶؽЩǮƺøĸ
ۿﶼˣ飬ǵѣӽ󣬵Ҳвʹӹǲ̫ǿܲÿԲۣҪӲ϶ɴϡ

໨ũСľϸҲƽʱЩʡĻƣԸעš
ӻСʱҪǮƿͷŸַǮֻҪǮٿ۵ĻԸɣúˣټϢҲԲ̫ãǿһıͿգҲֻʣһˣԵʲôˡ
ŮŮŮѳޣŮʮ壬ۿҪףʮһӴСˣԺȴﱦȫϣӵĻ£ŮãӾǧص붼û룬һͷƤ顣

ľѣﱦȫɰͰͶĸ˹ȥʣҲ˱ϡ
ûôദֻһ棬ֿԾöңӦʲôԼܰһѾͰһѡ

ǰ壬·Ҷýѻ
иߵúܿ죬ϰȫҪˣǮҲ̯ͨͲ̫ˡ
ũæֵ϶ûʲôˣ̯ӶƽʱҪɡ
Ҹִ̯ӣֿŮȥðʲеǮĥŸ㶫廨ͷǱҪģǹԲ轵ʱȲѪҩҲͷܺá

һȦСֿǣŴ椶С椶ߡ
Ĳãûӡ
ִеżô죿ۿҪʱˣøȥүء
ȷʵǸ⡣ֿ롣ɣҸŴ椶С椶ȥҺʹ̯ӣ緹ֱӳͷû̫꣬ɽȥ塣

̫ôɹҲǺȣҸرͬҪȻȴ椶С椶үңҺͶ̯ӡ
СֿܾǹȥǰүҸɻģøϽѵׯʰ޳
ҸǶߣһ̯ҲУûġִҲЩӹǡ
ֿˡһզô£ҵģҸġ
аɡ
ҸС䣬Ůˡ
ִ߸ҡӱʡҪˮ𣿡
ӹǺأʱ̫ʹѣҵֽƬƵġֿر˹Ůӡ
ĸںģִеҭˣӲ̫ʹ˵·Ǽƽ飬̬öѧŵ

໨׼󷹣ƺں£ſȥһƣʱЦˡҸæӭȥȵúܣݣҸˮϴӣ¡ĹŮأ
԰ҸͷӦţȡ±ϵС䡣ġ
⣬Ǹʲôһ䰡໨ҽӡҲǣ͹ôЩʲ÷ϱǮ˰ɡ߶ţ衣Ҹأûһ

ҸصͶϰ̯ӣûƵð̫ɽǻ˵ȣͷЩӻ֮ģﶼУˡм⣬Ҳͣ廨Ҳǽ˳ԣʣµĶǸɻϸžͺá
Ǹʲôĳһһó໨ۿˡеǮҲôִŵĻ㻹ûȢϱأǡҲ̫ЩּģҸ߲ŲȥˣöǮ

ˣһ⣬Ͱĵ°ɡ˶٣Ҹ˵ֲСӣһˣе׶ûµģţպãŲԣþԣŻˣ˷ˡ
໨ֶǶġҸôȰŵ񶼺ãгкȣòôޣеǮŶðȢϱ˺ӣҪǮĵطء
ȣҸջ𣬳Żеʱ䣬ͷҲСϡҸ˵ţȥ
òãҸЪţͺá
Уȥ￴
໨ˣɸƵľʹûӰ
⺢ӣ

ֻĶһӽãֵĶ֪̫ãҲǸƵģĶҵҲػصܡ
ҸͷعүңĶĺܡǿ׳ֽĺܣת۹ܵ˵طվ﹡ϣĺ˾ˡ꣬Żȥ˾ˡ
ţ˾˵ĸҲǺܺõġ

ҸﱦȫΪԼأ̧ͷɱЦúܲáæˣʱڣݵء
Ҹ߸ɻߴ𡣡ʰ׵Źġ
硣
Զ˳ҰЦЦ˹
ùÿɹˣЩûŹùˣǰ˵ùˤ˽ţȥ˵ùñṵ́ü¶Ҳûȥˡ˵Ż
ùأЩû̯꣬ӣԼҪŹҸܡοɺãϸϸش˷ôˣɵöԵ㣬ǹù˺ЩԵĹ
˫ӺЦţĻ˾䡣˵㣬ͷء
˵˻ỰַֿæͷĻ

ҸﱦȫҲûôʱ䣬ʱ࣬֡ۻȥɡִļüۺòϲ
ܾǰ˫ӻûʱɸţ˵ʵ׶ӰԴ
ؼ
Ҹĸؼġ
ҶζˣóԵˣ㰡
һ·˵Żһ·Ц

Ķ椶ǣС椶ſߣվ£߹ȺЦĺˣŴСǻɰϲˣ˲ܹ࣬ȥסС޶ۣˮС޶




18.  18»   һһ񡭡

߳໨״üͷŹŮĸ첲˷ſһ磬һ⣬ˮǴˣȥݺʰʰԸ
˭ҵ޶զûùֺÿ᲻뿪ˮ޶ݰ׵Сģ·ҵС޶㣬ƫƫֶֹ¶Сڡ
㰡໨ָŹŮĶǡСӶأˣ֪˭ҵأ˵ţüЦǣӡѽ´Ϳ

ԭأϸϸۣĴЦܽ˳֪֪ˣǴҵĺӡ۵ľ̾ùðѴ椶С椶ÿð
ͷ֪ӱӻּңŶãҲ°ɣȻˮ飬ɼùǷ˼ġ

㣬ɱNࣇNˣ˺üˣϽϴʰʰԸ˳Сϵžʿˮ۾գһ¡
ԱߵҰûסûעɿ˸ӽһʱ㣬Ӵܰ۾úó԰ȻҲûǸ磬磬ԣ㣡
ǹʱԵأˣ

ûӡ໨ֵһ¡˻ûʲôȥꡣ
ﱦȫ裬ߣ˸ݡ
ͷƵ۾ϸϸسŶӣ˻ᣬſڡҸˣ˵ţЦϱ˵ҸˣЩŰζ
˵ﱦȫϸϸţ˵꣬ŵҸŴӵŮˣҸǸúӰŹûЪŸɻ˺ܶԵģⲻͷţúʰ޳һԵǹͷ˵ǲѪ񡣡
游״ף˱ڱϣȵߡ

˳ֵŸ׽æŽүүϣӰľرģνԸߣз֣ҪЩ̤ŴҲȽϿ
ү
ͷҸǿ˻㣬رĲãǵ۾ȡ̧̧֣ܻ
˾㣬Ҹʹ˹ȥү
ҼҸͷԴԽЦԽġˡرȻ¡·ˡ֣еʡٻȥɣϵſ
˰סüءҸ̵Ц¶׵ˣżߡ
ͷֵӰ㣬Цúúúúá

໨˵껰Ŷһ̣պ졣
ķ˿ḻȹˡĺӣǳʱ򣬳Եö࣬æգ͸׶Żȣ۷⡣ȳ˿꣬˳˿ƬŽֱС㡣⣬·ζ
ҰƬһһţҡͷԵķĸ̾
ǵĲ˺ü

أﱦȫŷϱ
໨֪˼д廨⣬Ҹ龮ţϳԲỵͷûѰ˼ţͷɱֻŴûҩ
ϻм԰ҰýҸ
ǹ꣬ļҲɱĸòµʹɱһֻ
໨ۡķз²סˡҸʹ椶С椶ǧţԼڵ㣬ֻһһܳԣŵ

һٷԵüΪ֣˫Ըܻã˵͸ƤҸƽʱ˰뷹椶С椶ԵöƤԲ
໨ŹŮʰ꣬Ҳûߣڳ˵
Ǽͷرã˵Ļﱦȫļѣһš໨æͷ£椶С椶ƺЩǴȥ

׷˳ȥùúͶ̯ȥôȵ죬¹ùܲסȥô
໨ҲѰ˼¶ûʲô£ȥùû
ҲСͷЦЦȥ椶С椶
໨ŹŮЩѹŮʮˣͣһ˼ң˾ڼЩʡĻƤЩֽϸ㣬ͷ˵¾͸סɼίʵǼѣܲס־ۣŮٲŵ㣬ɷһŵס

̧ͷۣе֡ôˣ
໨ЦЦ椶С椶˯
ȡգ

˵СʱͷˣﱦȫϸױҸԱߴ֡
ȥֵڼЪᣬͷ̫ﱦȫóñϡ
Ҹ˸˾һڼæϰˣһЪͻþ˵øƵġ
ǣҲȥ˳˵ţҲҪȥòñ
ƽʱֵǲȥģܿᣬɻٲЪڶ׼ɴ²õء
ǲȥҸƿܸұȰ첲¶ʵļ⣬Цһ⡣ϽЪȥɣһЪˣĹɲˣ
ﱦȫӵȥȥɣġ

໨סݵɷ򡣡һȥѹ˵ͬ⡣ͷ̫ȥѴû
ϱӹҲرãﱦȫȥûţɴͷ·̫ˡ
ٲء
Ҹڣũæϵϣ鲻ˡ
໨ȴͬҸæũҲûЪ͹ߣܵۺ˿զ죿
˾ˣ˵ʲôأ˾˳Ҹеګƣ߹Լ˵㡣
ûʲô໨ЦЦɷ򡣡ȥɣ˵ġ
Ҹֿ˾ˡ
ﱦȫļ򡣡߰ɡ

໨Ѽʰ޵׵ǰȥ￴ۣź
˯ŵͷûӦ
໨״ųݣȥ˿ӣ˯ȥ˹ŮŵأͼŮ۾ü۾ĺܡ
ء໨˿ȥˣ˯ŵĻͿŵүүǱ߶
ͷ˶٣ʡȥҪȥתһȦţȥû˵ž
໨ֹ˹ŮԼȥŰɣ˰

Ҷֿĥţģ̫ôһĶܳţҸض̯Ъźãȥأüɨܱߡ
Ѱ˼ɶأ
ֿڻش𡣡Ҹضܱͷʱٹ̯
ۼû˰ִҲЩۣ첻˳̯һ㾢ûУЪЪء
ȥֻֿ뵽һطߣʰʰȥռáҲãҩҲգؽռûͦ˵ģȥܱͷӦûʲô⡣




19.  19ɨ   еǮֻڼء

ռźܴǼƴҽݣܼء
Ǹܰ׾ŵӣҲ˵ʵǸΪû˼޶ֻ򲮡
Գͣ򲮣Ҳһ򲮡

λýƫխСռõⲻرãܱߴһҽʵЩҪǣ汾£ҽǸҩܼЧ
ʱ򣬴ʵò㹻ǮҲƽϣٵٵɻϸĶμҩճע
Ĵ֪ôͷÿǷ»ʱͻЩԼֵĳ߲˹Ϲȵȡ

ֿ͹ӣСļ򵥵ĸӵġ
ףʵҪʮǮֻģҪĶ࣬ĶĶҪǮ
ʡ㻨
ĥţŽ˽ۣ˵Լжѡ
ȻռþĸŻ˼ʮġ
ռõ¼ַҲ˵Ǯ͸Ͻ˼ֻȥǻ˵飬Ҳ̤ʵˡ

򲮡̤ռãֿĺˡͷ̫ҴҹŮܱͷ
ϵ򲮣ֺǺǵЦЪŰɣû˹ˮʣôӣ
գ϶ƽʱˣ˺öࡣֿԹ䣬л򲮵裬źڡ򲮣˯ģҰ㿴ŵӡ
ҲҡȡУͺҡ

ִ˳ĸ׵ӣɤ˵Ҳ˯žͺá
ֿ㲻
Ҳ
˹ŮòƴûݹæǱӣûҲҳʱ䡣ֿ˸Ƿûж˵ʲô㿴ŵӣˣңл;ˡ

ִвסģ޽࣬ͷһ껹ãŶһֱжӾԽѹ
ÿѣҲ˯ͣĸɻǺõģŲˣ鲻泩Ĳҡ
Ҳңֲһңôһܲһֱңܻܵûףҡ
̰ɣŰɣ˺Ӿͺˡ
ǰִôοԼҧؿһʹ룬ԼɵҺѾ߳ˡ

סҵӣִı˲٣Ψɻ£ƺǿ̽˹û취ѧĸףʱʱЪɢɢ߶߶вסɻû¿ͻţҲ֪Ϊʲô
ڣۼ˯ˣҲ˯ˣﾲĵģܱߵ죬ܣţʵ̫ˣҵ
ɨ˱ƴӣЩԥ֣̿Ҳ֪ⲻǼҶ

˻ᣬִʵụ̂ѰͷòУҵ
ҪɨذɣֻɨµضѣӦòɣ
ڽɨˡ

ҩ򣬲ŽԼҵӣͿһλİĸˣϸϸɨŵأǼƣ·ѵط춼ɨøɸɾ˭ګˣ˯ŵ򲮺ָָֿһģ
ͻȻ˵ɨصִˣſģɨأҲ˵飬ſʼɨؾͱץˡңûûʲô;ɨɨءżˣͷˮ¡ʲôûģҾɨɨء

Լºͺ͵ЦЦû£š˶١ɨȥҩƳҩЩɵ鲻ãأ˳鷳ҿµӡ
õģææҸŵꡣִﶼˣǲǿԹɨظɻˣ

򲮾ᣬĶԻ˹үˡ
šȥҩ
æ˹ȥҸ֡
ãԼͺá
˵ǲã򲮻ǰŴ˰ֹ֡ѸŮܱͷ
˯ó˿Ц⡣
ҲЦҲף˵ŮڷҹòãӲĺܣͰ˴˻ҹӣûá⻰ƺ壬ֽ˾䡣źзǱûа⣬ǸҲڸġ
Լ͡ӡܺã
ǣѾͷЩưɡ

ִƴĵ棬ɨĸɸɾﻹ˯ҲûͷǺܶ
ɨܸʲô
ִеᣬ۾ػصɨ̨ҩ֮ģǲҶƼָϵȣЦˣݺ󺰡򲮡
ȣ߳վ¡
ȡ
򲮾ЦˡֱþС

ĸ״ӣִԱߣĸ˯Ҳ̵ء
໨ûҽݣԶԶľͿȵŮ
ִ죬е㲻šôˣǲǲǱǲ̫ˣ
ûûУǺء໨ЦˣŲ˰¡ҰרŹǵģǾȻռˣҺ˵ʱԱߵ̯λˣҪȻһ֪Ѱȥء

ȵͷ󺹣ִ˱裬ȡ֪Ҫ˵ûʲôͷ߶̯û⣬Ҳǰأܱͷ
͸˵أֿԺۿۡ˭˵أô磬ȡ
û໨ǡɸûӡ

ǾˡִüЦ˵š
˹Ůֿ˰۾ȥɩɩôˣôȵ졣
Ҹ˵ϰ̯Ѱ˼ţû¶
ôȵ죬ܳʲôֿ߶䡣ҷԸҸ޵ķˣ޳ûɲܸţȣžͻ¶ˡ
˵໨Ҳ߶ˡǮʲôֵ̫ˡǮŶãҸ˵ϱأ˺ӣӿɾͼˡԺɲôţҸûͬ⣬ؾ͹ˣҸ֪⡣˵˵ţۿͺˡɲôִŵĻˡ
˵СӣԶӻҪ׽֪ôһţȺģ͸СΪǻǮ

֪֪ˡֿЦӦɩȻȥ˵ţͻضְ̯ȥ˼ҵĲ̫񻰣Ѷȥ
ִҲȣȥ
ûߣվ¡򲮣򣬽߶ˣ˰
߰򲮴աͷء
ǻҪöˡֿ˵šͲˣؼҡ
򲮵ͷǳӡ

˶֣ں̯ӣɩ߶˺һỰ
໨㣬ȻȥҺʹء
Ҳȥֿҡͷɩȥæ£æȻȥ
ʲô£ҹǻؼҡ໨еżӹǿɲǰԼŵҵģ㵽ſţҴ˴ţӦðˣȥŵúʣ·ϣ˵ˡ

ִ;˭Ҳ˵˭һԱֹšȻүңľðȥĳԵģ޳ˣӣ϶Ūǵõȵ»عȥʱޡ
Ҳԡֿ⻰˵±˹ŮԴģȻȥѰ˼ţеǮֻڼȥҲ֪ܲţûоֻĸҲУһһ룬ˣȥռҩ




20.  20   ֿһᣬӡ

˳Ұֵһ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ飬СȥˮòñȵȣæţɤӺ㣬µˣµˣµˣ
Ϲʲôءüͷ߳С椶С椶˯үүҲ˯أµأﲻڼңҵÿŵ
ŶֵԴûˡ

õĸôĶֵߡ㣬µˡ쳤ӣж˳򡣡ү˯ÿ㣬Сء
Ͻȥɣ˾ͿЪò˼ҸֲǱˡʵе㲻̫ģܵҲ֪ѣũæܻҧӲǶ˾Щƽʱţ˵ˡ
ֵʵʵĵͷӦúܺá

֪ùʲôʱû¶Щ¶ɡ
ֻҪ£Ϳ϶¶
ı¶ͷɹɹ

ûã椶С椶Ҳˡ
椶ǣðݵţݺæı̣ŴŴĺ
ˣ衣Ц˵˾䣬æͷ¡
椶裬ڳˮƨƨ߶ȥݺ
ȱ̫ɹˡ¶ˣ椶ţ
̡椶ǹæģСɹ͡˵ҽӣӿϻǮѽġ
ʱˡҲᰡ
һᡣ椶˵šȥɽ￳ЩӻҪ̫࣬͹ˡҲԱ࣬㲻ϵãͷþ˾˴ȥҽܼ࣬򵥵ģһ㶼ѡ
˵һһ׵ģ¡İ
Ȼ

Ҳţ걻¶˿ȥܿ׳ӻ
椶Ҫôʣе㲻̫ţŵ٩ȨСѾͷʱգùǿЦأȴСѾͷ档
椶ߵ£ϸϸĵЩ֦ĩͷɹɿԵҲɨ㣬˾ɨرʹС˵˵Żе⡣ɾٰʿɱƬôĴָʳָȻ¡ҪôСĵ֡

˵ģҲüۣ¶棬СѾͷĻһһţʱʱһ䣬ǲǲôҪҪٱ
̣̫ϸ˵䣬ӣƬϱ˱ȡ̫ٷһ֡ףҿԶԶԣģһ򵥵ӣҲҪööö㡣
һһ䣬ԴԽԽȫͷˣԽ˵Խ֡

ԹԱߵС椶жߵſڣſŬ߸ߵżС첲Сȶߵ߶ߣߣڴϵͷգգ۾ĺү
С椶ͷЦˣ֧ӣŲŲأŻַ·Ǵϱ˵˭
С椶ûžѣҡСԹϣȻ̵ػصͱ̡˶٣˵ӡ
С椶ԣҺ̽ͷ˵ҲССС椶ͷģûסͷϵСͷÿ
С椶Цա˵꣬նߣû߸ߵżֻСԹϳ⺰̡̣̣

һˡȡС椶£Ťͷȥףôվˣ
үС椶ָָͰͶĿš
үˣϽͷ£ȥү
ǿеʡ
ĵ˱ˮүҷ
ãžСͷݣߣЩģҲʹеס
ˮͷ˻֡ˣȥɡ
үǾأ㺰ҡűӡ
š

ֿ䵽ʱԶԶؾͿ¾۾ıӡ
ôȵ죬Ҳ֪ȥһͷ󺹡
ϲǣ椶ȻڽӣţͦģСһ￴е㱾ء
ôȥͷȡ
椶͵̧ͷЦÿɲˡѣһ˫۾⡣ҽ̱̱ءأͦͦСţü͸żǳǳĵ⡣

Ҽ椶ֿܰԴ˿ڣ⿴۰Ͱ͵С椶ӴԵӰһסҲ˿ڡȥҲУͷ
ľ̾ùã椶ôô̳ģ̫ˣĻӣ̵رãСԹ϶զôʹʱֻ֪ץء
ܿĴ椶е㺦ߵģһֻ֣ء
ҲǺ
ֿվ£ߴߴ˵˻ỰȻ󣬾ͽǸȥԼ˸ݡ

ֹֿѸͷû˰ĸ飬ȴҲоϧ
Щңǿһûʱ󻷾ŮеӣܰһֱŬĳһҡ

ոͷֵ˵ڴϵͷˣ侲ţůůģǿοЩûϵͺƽƽ˳˳õġ
ͷڴϣվڴߵĹŮ߲رãʹһʹ̫ʹϸϸؿţ˺þúþãǵӿһεˮҪ֪Ҫ֪ڵģҲðˡ
ǰŹŮ֣һֱ᲻ɣ֪ģ޷Ų¹ŮˣŮӲù

ֿһᣬۿ䡣
һʱ䣬ڰֻϸϸص

ֿ£СṦ򣬲˳ߣ
ʱ磬ȰѼϡţ̶ףܿˣ˼ǣͽͣ˳ȣúʣʢ룬ˬľˮš
ˮˮ˰Ͱˮ̶Žȥһء˺üˮ̶㲻ˡ

㿴ŵȥˡ
²ӵ¡ùȥʲôҪȥأȥɡˣȥæգæҵϵм
ڼ￴ȥС
ǲǣùҵȥ࣬һôءùùĶŻŵؾȥùã˰ˮñһǳɣʱǵﺰүµˡ
ֿ̿ҡҡͷ




21.  21ζ   ᲻ùùߣ̫ϲ

ֻֻֿ±㣬鶹㣬Ӱ˲ʲ
ʱ࣬±㡣ܿ죬ƮŨ±ζСѾͷζﻹס椶ǣãյȥ

ѡվſںԼĹżùż㰡રર죬Сģе
±ζֿͷּҲأҪ˵жãǸ±ζûȣϾ˼±ζҪŨܶ࣬Ū±ȫûȵġ
ִ±ģΪϲ±ζ±ζԼտʼѣζ̫㣬Щˣѧα±֭Ҳȥˡ

ֿŮЦЦ±㣬һٷżȥҲ±ҲЩ
Ҫ㣬±л±ԼҳԵĻòϸ¡
ֹѸļ䣬֪ҵӹúƶ˫̥ӹǲãȷʵǸճʱ˸ҲйأƽѵüȣʱũҪæСǳͷʱӪϣӹôǿ׳
͸Ūõġ

̫ҪɽɫԷĺܣֿϴϴУѲ˶ʰ޳ŵ˻ٳҲ٣ͼСˣ¹Ūˡ
໨ִϣ໨üͷšýŸսأ״Ȥǲϲ¶ǻƮŨ±ζҪʲô˲ɣ
϶ִִŵĻǮˡ໨ǣ˵ôͲأϻӦúúãתͷ͸ˡҲ֪ڵɶأöǮǮ಻סһ·һ·޲˫ֱӷɡ
ִĬĬţʲôҲû˵룬϶±ζ±ζĿˮʼģҲ֡

ԶԶƼӣ໨ɤӡð
ɩǻˡֿӳͦ⣬Ļͦ磬ϸϸسۣмֻûꡣ·ģͷ󺹡˵̶
໨ŴõЦ㣬㣬㡭̾˳תȦ±㣬Ҫ԰ɣôʲôһͷĺȳķǸġ
ײԴզԽԽˣ

𣿡ָֿͷɩ㿴СӾũæҲ͸ܳЩҸ磬һۣóԵõĲҪȻŵס˵أҲǸĺӣȻŮ޶θû޴ҲóԺõɣʣµٻ߸أһʮˣˣ
໨ͷеκ⣬⡭˶࣬ȷʵöԵ
ɩҲ˵ôֿĻȰ治ࡣ˶٣˵ɩãû˸ջأ㿴ŵСѾͷҺ޷ˡɩˣɣǲҲҪˡ

໨һӵĻ׸סˣӻûչ䣬Ѿǰջ
ɩǻͦ簡ֿĥĻᣬ߳˱߸һΪǵõٻء
»ˣǣµظɻ۰ٲʱ̫ˡ໨ȻҲ֪ũæܿҲۣóԺõ㲹ˮţҲ
ֿЦЦɩҲ֪ء
ǲҸûף໨ûĿۡǰһľͺ޲һģҸӣ㿴ڣɱ𱳵͵͵Ĩᡣ
ûֿ˵ƶ֪ԼӲʹ¶ǮӶҸˣɩİɣ⻨İԼǮҸרŸҵġ
໨⻰һ¸סˡ㣬ǮӸҸˣе㲻š
԰
໨ګګĿŴãĬ˻ᣬ˼˵ҲáҿţҸűҪɿЩģǸˡ
ɩ˵ŻԽԽá
ִŴ椶С椶ү˵үֻֿڴϣȻĵ룬ԼǲҲȥռ򿴿һ˲أʱŲ˿զ죿

ĺɫĺϿŨķ㣬ңһƣͬʱȴҲüۺЦϰճɺãԴǲóˡ
ִأͯ׷Ц֣ɽ֣ҼһļݣۣͬӸļʻ
ܶӺܶʱҵĴǽŲȴżǻ͸ˬ˵Цܼ⡣æµһʱ

˳ҰԶԶؾżԼ̴ƮζżꤵĶӣǷ׷ײ²ϻʲôóԵġ
ǿ϶еģ
òҲ֪˵˻ɱֻ
üЦĽӡҲ㣡
㡭
ֵü㣬Ǹϲ⡣
ģҸ˾䡣
԰
ҸЦˣصĶ˫̥˵Ҵģϵ㣬ǳ˻ԡ
Ϊɶ
Ϊġ
ֵ̫⻰ǳԹйζǺϲȻҲ⣬ʵڡ

ﱦȫûϸǵ˵ע⵽һ仰ԵĻˣùʱ˺ܶԵģ
԰䶼ġۣûϸѡ
һûٰﱦȫִֵţ˿еšҸȰŵôǮɲǸ¶ӻզأ
˾ˣû¶ǮأûǮҸ˾ƤӶˣϽġ֪ڼǲס¶¶ҹţǮ
ﱦȫӣĶǮ̫Σˣ
һ¾͸ʮǮٵġҸɷµ˵š⼸ûôãƽȥ
ʮҲ̫ˣ˼˼Ǯˡ
ã֪ˡ

ǹȥˣﱦȫţ;е㲻þסӡҸˣϸҪţ͹
ȣã֪ľ˾ˡ
ﱦȫļ򣬻Ǿò̫̤ʵƽʱڼҺͿ
Ϳͦõġ
ŶŶﱦȫͷ·еĲ裬֪ʲô

˼ңһӵķʢˣ˳Ұֵ۾Źâ
ۣù㾹Ȼ±㣬㰡˿¿ˮߣϽϴȥ⣬м㣬ӿ̫ˣ
ֿźǵĲЦرġ죬ϴϴȥ±ζԲ꣬ûϵ龮ţҲܳԡ㣬˲±

Էʱ˳߳Աʡùãסɣ̫ҸˣùõպúðһûԹùòˣ㣡
զأķ໨¶ӵĸ첲ŴЦЦǵģ֪ʮˣҲƵģûȾ붼
Ұ໵˾䡣᲻ùùߣ̫ϲùˡԵ͹⣬Цü䡣




22.  22»Ǯ   Ҫʲô

ֿŴ椶С椶˯һݣҸ˳ֵ˯һݡ
峿ոϰֽۣĴͷֿ˯ԱߣŶҲˣü죬ǷһһĴšˣ
ùã˯ᡣ˵ţųݡ

ѾˣĻ˯šֿ˻ᣬشѣû˯еľҪڼ϶ԥļɻشϺ˯ϧңȣƤʲôģҪŵġ
ѡ
ֿס椶СӼҼңö˯ܳͷױ۸˵һ
ԺĴ椶գգ۾´ؿѡ
ԣ˯ɡֿķĶͷһٹ㣬û㣬þͲ𴲡
á

ֿ˼£ЩˣŴųȥ
Ҹʱ£Ͻ̧ͷ˿ɫе㲻šģզˣǲû˯ãڼɴûô
˯ͦá˵Żֿûסִ˸ǷȥϴŪ緹

Ұ⻰˸߲ҵʡùãϳʲô
ʲôֿЦ˫̥⿪ʵء
ֻҪǹùģҶϲԡ
˳˵Դ˳ùùùãҲϲԣɶҶϲϾûҲӦûм͸ˡ
УҸŪ档

Ǹʲô໨ӳӵ֪ۡϹ塣
˳ҰЦЦļæͷĻ
ûû£ڼϰˣвסֿϴ꣬ߣӡɩæȥ緹ң׵ģ
໨˿ҲأҰѳӴɣջҲãԱЪҲУŪ緹
ɩֿ㿪ɩҪ¶Ҹ㼱

µͷųĺ˾䡣ȫϱ
˾٣Ҳˣˬ͸͸̫ٱ
ɩأָ¶ȥȥֿߴš
໨ֱ̾㰡ôû취ӴˤԴզСˡ˵ţҴææ˳


ͷŴϱֺǺǵЦţָָȥɡüУ͸ŨŨĴ顣
Уġ໨ԭͲٺʹ˳Ż幫ġϵ±ҪҪԵ㣿ҸЩ
úúáͷߵͷӦֱֵ졣
Ҳ˲٣ڵĳʳҪЩСķģϲԸɷɷЩ

ֿӳúܷʢĭп飬ľ˿ܲ˿Ģж˿ҲǱزٵġ
ŨӳƮɻЩĲ裬ʱʱ鰡飬źۼʿˮ
ͳζ϶⡣
ҿùӼˣĸ˳յ˵ܵǰٺٺٵЦš
Ұ֣ڴǽšһûгԹء
ҲûԹ

ˡֿſߺ
˫̥ģһƵľСƵߴߴĺ
ùãùãҪ
Ӻöùöʢ档
໨ӣ˵ˣҸһʹѹ˳ȥ֪ܲסûȳţһµ

ҲֿģΪԳ糿һ糿û˴룬£ִֹֻʣһҡ
±ҲˣСأ԰ƹϳˮ飬˴ƹϣҲǳ˸һɶ
ӱһ㾫ӵȥ·ʹľ·Щ

ŴɩѼʰֿĥʲôˡɩĵط𣿡
Ҫʲô໨ľ衣ﻹе⣬򡣡ګˣѲɴöǮû⣿˵һ²ʮ𣿾˼£Ҳ˰ɡ
ֿҡͷû⡣˶ӸͨܵǮûˣʣ¼ͭ塣˳
ĸʲô
ͷ£ͷˣȡ
ͷȷʵˣҲȷʵúȣ໨ž͵ûУڴ嵹лɱģھ͹ȥ˿ɲɣⶼˡ
߰ɡ

ͭͲӹǻ㹻ģҪˮƤ֮ģе㲻̫
ֿ۰Ͱ͵ؿŴɩ
°°ɡ໨ͳǮˮƤ֮ģҲܱˣֵǮ
ʮǮ˲ٶ
ȥ·ֿüЦֺǺǣø˵ӣ໨ҲͲ۸ոջǮˡЩҪʲôˮʰرѾζ
ɩĿ϶ġ
໨ûסðһ±˲ءѲˤԴ󣬻ϣ
Ҳ֪ԴˤԴ£Ҳʱʱļ龢ñɣһȥľԽԽˡ˶٣ּֿҲп̫УҸдڣССĻûʲôˣֻʣˡǼúóԣҪòóԣҶ֣һĲ÷˰
໨õ顣ȷʵҲƵĻšѹִõԽԽãԭǱƳġ

ֿĸҹĳ⣬ζ
һղֹѸһӻش壬׳ﻹȵסղǹңǡũæĽڹϣݲˡ
ǶȥˣʱˣӴȥ塣

׳ﵽ˽ңվԺſҸϽ㡣Ÿɤӣע⣬˵ֹѸǸɷǶߣָ⵽ʲô۶ӡ
׳ˡüЦİӭ˳ȥŽݣͼеʡôּǲˣ
Ϊģ׳Ҳҵ̫ã°˵ˡֹѸһӻ壬һֱû
һŴȸ˵ЩǴұܷͷأΪʲôأƣµʱ򣬴׳¶ð㣬ټӰѻҿܶãܲһֱ塣

Ͻ㣬ǵ˵õģһذ׳ﲻˣ¶ˣӦҵأ
ЦˡⲻǷũæǹҲûѰ˼°ũæģҾ˵ȥģ׵ֻҪףҲ׵ġ
˵˵˭ᰡ׳ҲɵӣֹѸǰҲûʲôڵֹѸԶӻҪ£ȻҪ˼ЩôŰɣϽʲôˣңϸϸ˵¶࣬ҾͲˣͣˡ˵߾ߣĺܡ




23.  23뷨   أ

໨ŻƵ͵ƣɿıŲЬÿũæʱڣЬ˼͸ĥˡ
ɷɵϣͣͷĻϴøӲɻشϡưɡ
û͵ƣڣֻര⵭¹⡣

˯໨Եɷһմͷ˯ˡҸ˵¶
ﱦȫԺʡʲô£
峿ˮƤͦ࣬ʵֵǮҼǶԣ磬ҲȥЩ໨Ҳ֪ũæ࣬µظɻöеˮųŵס
ίʵһģԲϼڣɣöʮģԵӴ

޳ķȷʵóءﱦȫЦҰ죬Եúãÿµظɻۣȴ֫۷ΣһͦоͷöǮ㿴򣬴ѵùˣǰæ̫ǮҲ⼸¶
໨ͷŶ塣֪ǣ¶ô˵ˣˮƤÿ컻ŷӳԣҾѧѧҲүԣર˵ûζɽӶð̹⡣
㡣ﱦȫ˸Ƿû˰ɣ˯ˡ
˯˯ɡ
䣬

΢¹⣬໨ź˯ɷظüۣĿ׵ķ
˵öԣж︣ʱţͲҪ̫Զ̫࣬˺ǰͺáԺõȺõ㣬ױʲôǿɷɵڶĶϱǸʲô֪ء

峿໨𴲺󣬵һ£Ǯڴȥ
Ǯ˸ǣⱻ޵øɸɾˮǮʣµǮ˵Ƥ١
ˮƤҪԶ㣬۸ҲԹЩ
ʮǮһĻȡ
໨źͷڴڳԷģü¶˿˿ƵЦ

緹±Ƥ˰Щ˷ŹãȻ˺ƤڣζҲǺ
±ûЩźɹɵĴ±ֺܶصζִ㡣ԣЩͷ±ԣ˳˹ŷҲǿԸζ

ùãǼҵ˰ɱҪóԶˣҰԵֱУŷƤȻôóԣڶˣƤ
Ҹ졣Ƥ˰㣬㡣Ũζδ죬ȿ԰ӣԼһʮԽԽ㡣

ϲԣϻֿüЦ˵šɩƤأ±ζӸǳԡ
˳Բ۾ùϻأЦüɫ衣ã
кóԵģá໨ֹ˾䣬ȴЦӯӯġǴպãҿأ⼸θں˲ء
ϸʳ԰ӵͷŴϱЦЦֵͷóԣóԡ
ﱦȫҲǳԵ㣬룬Ǯֵһӣ࿪İһǶֵˣְá

ֿźǹĵ죬Ļæһ죬ҲͲ¶
Ҹ˼ǣǰȥҲ޼﷭ص¡
û£ѧϰ໨ͦãֿУԼ뷨˵˵ɩȹũæеգǾͶЩӳõȥͨѾϼǮǾרิЩӡ

⣬ⲻɡ໨ҡͷӣԭôôߣ·Ҷ˳ָ˻ǮͿӪǮʵЩѧȥ
ֿĻɩ˵ӰֵָǮҲ಻˶٣һ࣬õģϰĵȫԵסʹġ
ģ໨̫šɱڲҡ
˭ڲˣҲڲ㣬ŰһߣȥĸӸ˻Ǯ
˵һ໨ԥ£˵ͷСߣǡ

ɩһи뷨˵˵
ʲô㾡˵
ֿЦŵţᵽסԺСӣ±ζͰӣô
ðհأĶȥ໨˵ŻͿʼĥöǮŹﻹе㣬Ҫʱ͹á
ɩҵ˼ǣҺϻһ޵ùҸǱߣбİš
໨šüͷҲ߲
أ
ɶⲻУðȥֿԣϻʲôľͱˣʮˣû͵üˣ¶׵໨ɲռõıˡ




24.  24Ѱ   Թ϶·ҲЩ

˵໨뵽˴Ҳûˣѹɤ˾䡣ðôţһֱأ˵ţϽ˾䡣ȻҲֻ¶ռء
ô˵Ҵɩֿ¡£ȻǸʲô㡣⵱ģﻹܵô࣬ôžôţҲڹ
Ҫһֱأ
뷨Ӻ¡

˵öɰ໨ҭˣûĵ۴á˵ף鴺ǰǧʱðɣúܿףʱ־ãôСƵģûûûִ硣
£ҿ϶˵ֿŲԼ鷳ˣ뷨˼άҲвͬ͵Ķ˾׻¶

໨ʻҪʵģҲҴ£ÿô룬¶ϣˣҲñû
У˼ңҾѰʱ

໨ü۲ǷܣԷЩֿ˿椶С椶СѾͷرɶ£޲֣ܰŸЩʡĻ˵ĵСްǡˡ
ϧСްҲǱ˼ҵġ𴺻椶С椶µǿԻ

椶оڿСӣûסĲͷۣ۾Բ
໨ЦЦ룬Ȳ˵СѾͷɡҸüĿû
ûءֿҡͷЩ²ȤĥôǮӣҾȥˣûϱ룬ȴô˵ɩƽʱҲѰѰǾǰˡ
˵͸Ӳ࣬໨һֱҸעţϧһֱûѰ˼ҡ

¶˵ģվе㲻̫á
Ҫ໨ﲻþĶĶãǴҲǸõ飬Ǽ˵㣬Ҹ涼ȫզôأ
ҿҲûԵοš
ֿͷ˳Ļ˵ʱûҲûá

ɩ治һӰ
໨ЦЦ֪⣬һѣɶҲøϺȰ¶ҲѰ˼ˣҵͷҲͬ⣬ί
˵ϣֿҲû˰취ׯڹӣ̫ˡ
汲ôģҲͻׯڰʽأﻹ̤ʵˡ໨˵ţȤ˾䡣Ūׯڣ׼˯˯ȡ˶٣׻˵˾䡣Ҫ·ʹֶӣǿֵعӣǿסص»ãڣԺ󰡣ǳ˼˺ӣŽѡ
ɩģ˳Ҳаŵġ
໨ûжʣݣȥɴϵĹ

ҪؼңֿǵôӦ˫̥Ƥ˰ӵ£ʱ࣬ȥ±ζ
椶С椶̫ˣѬܡ
໨ж˳Ұջɡ
ɩһûһлҳ

ɫ˲㱡ңﱦȫǻˡ
һ¶ʰ׵ʹɹý˰ղ֣жıϻǮ
Թﱦȫ˸ţѴһͻƽմ壬໨ŮŵһȥѼˡ
˳Ұֵ᲻ùùһңҲзʢ˵ԭڣҪǣùڣ֣лЦӹó켫ˡ

ֵţһ·ߵ˴ڣ۰ͰͶţС
ֿЩЦû£͹ϴѣס졣
ǣùãµ׹˳룬µĻæò࣬ܵһС
Сӻֱӹͺãܻڣ䲻ſա
ҰЦÿɲˡգùã֣ʹ

ƽմʱɫѾȫ͸
ﱦȫŶûţ˵䣬ʻţ뿪
ؼˡֿ˸ѶԼҹѣ
Ҹĵյ͵ơȥݺļ
ʱտ
Ŵ椶С椶ЪŰɡִ˵ţԱ߲˵ȥûҲȥһơ
ֿһǣһСѾͷߣ˯ţѰùá

⼸ϰֿˣеŹǷԳγε˴
Ҹųͷ׼µأĸ׳˯ԸءЦü
˾û˯˵Żأֿ㿴˹ŮҲ˳
ִĸ׺͵ܴܵк

緹׼Ūʲô
ǧֱɣûԹġ
ܵܰء
Ҿͷ֣ûɶԵģԡ
úóԣر㣬ҲϲԡִŨŨЦ⡣
ⲻѣҽ㣬׼һѧһ׼Ӱĵ㣬ãҲп졣
ִššüͷѧãҾͼõʱ䣬ŸϽѷá˶ʡ绹һȥͷҪҪЩ廨⣿
Ǿͺã⣬Ҳ㡣ֿ˵ţֵˣ˷Һһȥ
ĸŮ߶߶˵ŻͷæĻ

ֿͦãҵ£ôģ
Ҳ롣ִҲ£ϸϸ˵Լ뷨ǸʵˣܳԿϸɻּܷңӽҰҰţӲĶȥ
ȷʵʡ£ܲڼҴڱӣܻҸ˳ףҵ˭֪ʲô飿ʲôɣܲһ룬ҲҪҲۼ

ˣֿû˹Ů˵ɼг㡣
ִͷˡ˵ţ̾˿ǲ֪Ҫôּң¶ǱȺ뻹ҪЩţּͬҡ
˾ͺã취ܻеģľͰֿ̾ţϸϸĥͷܣ˵ȥԽ֤ǱԽסļҳ̣ǡũæйۣڱɿŻ𣬲Ϩˡ
ģ

ǧֱˣֿû뵽ȫĺ÷ӡôţýȱţǻʲôϴ֣ɾЪű˶ӻͳ緹ҴҸȥߣ˼ҺҲסϪ壬ֱȥǮӪż󣬻š£һʱҲûɣȸ㣬иס
˼ǰᵽȥִ⻰Թ϶Щκⲻסɡ
ûʲôײףôѣֻҪ¹ƶĥ룬οǰôС¶
ִĸӣͻȻãƺȷʵѣ
군ĸһˣԹ϶·ҲЩ̫ʹˡ




25.  25ǿ   ĸ̫ˣţơ

Թ緹, ִʰ׵ŵܵһȥ
ûţֻһĶһĶƶ, Ҳȥţ, ǽ, ŶҲֲּ, ʹط
Ҹǰִں, кܷط÷ɿ죬Ҳرֻۣͷ̫, ȵѡ

ҸЪִùڲϵĺĨ˰ϵĺȿˮȥ
Ҹͷ, Ӧ˸, Աߵߡ
ִʢõ̶ݸܵܡ̶ȱúúȡ๾൱ˮ㣬ھͺһˡ
Ĵ³, ҸȻҪ˹ĵ, һһȣŴŲԶȺɽ

ִȡ˲ñáһ綼ûءҸ˵, ᵽȥ
ȥҸع룬˱ˮš
˵ɼˣҲ֪ôġִĥײ˵ܵҸ, пȰȰ¶ɲ棬ôѴѵء
Ҹ̫ͬĻ￴źͿʵŶ壬ô˵⡣

£ҪӦĻ£գ͸ʮˡִЩżҲúüأŰȥҲúüôǮɲٵˡ
̫ܵܲ£Խ˵Խ죬͸Źɽꡣ˵ԵõĴķ涼ҪǮǺȿˮҪǮ򣬲żӿ϶Ҳǲġ

㡣ҸĻļ򡣡㶼뵽飬϶뵽ֻ˵˵ѣû˵ᡣ
ִƵؽӻⲻҪȥҿҲȰĻöˣȶҲã䣬ôŶС;ãûôѵܵܵ¸ͷһͻţһͼôܲż
ˤԴöãòˣûˤԴǰܵܵĻ¿Ҫģų׺ñӡ

Ҹˣ㣬ЪˣǼɻɣȡطá
Ҳǡִòñŵܵȥˣ
ãСҸܾˡ
ִû취С档ĸһԣüĲż
ҸˣЦ㣬˵أ㲻ҲһԸ²żΪҵµǳ˰ͷ
ҵ£أұż˳˵ˣ̤ʵİ
㻹˵ԼǶĵĺܣҵ£ôͲ϶аš
⻰ûǣִͦЦҰͲ߶ˣʡ㷳

ñ˹Ůʰˣֿڼûʲô£Ѱ˼Щ̶ʱ䣬ǡǡʱࡣ
椶ڳѣҲûţ̵ıӣС椶ֻľϻ棬Žš
̶ãֿŮʣͷʱ㡣ҴȥѼҴźòã
á̶Ĵ椶С椶ܹɵĵͷ

ֿѳʰʰ鷽̶⣬ںãŽڸ첲ϣغŴǣŴ椶椶ǣС椶ȥ
æء
æкͣȵ裬Ŵ椶С椶˰ѳĹӸǡÿãˮ鰡ſǴ
ֿǫӦ䣬óԼ̶⡣ûڼ޵ģЩǳʡ
ס˼죬ڼ䣬ѼļӦĺܺã˵ضһʰˣΪû峿Ĺˣϸϸ˵Щ飬µļ׵ļţţù顣

⡣ô˵ЦǶֵˡհ͸ĸ̲࣬пڸء׵õû
ӣθڻ
ͷθںþͺãԵýͺõÿ졣ɽи㲻֪ɣǸ֣˵ͷ飬ƽⷽ棬ÿգȥһԡеԶûңɩһȥ
һ治֪һңҴɩôأ
飡Щ˵أҪȻ֪Ŀʼϸ
ֿЦӯӯʱʱӦ

˵˵ţ¡ˣҲ֪Ǽ٣˵֧ϱţżң˵þҴأ˵ÿ治˵䣬üͷܵҲ߯ЩԼҵ¶û޸أ߶ҴҸɶϵŷ֣Ǹ฾رҽӣѹȢϱ̯ôȱ
ǰ컹⵽Ҹǰ˵أҸ˶ٽʵģ˻ɡֿ¶Ц

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ֿεĵϻ˵Ѷϼ¡һҲû壬棬Ҳ½⣬ִ󲻺ճǲԸŴίϵ⣬ҵ뷨Ǵвͬġ

˵Ҳԡ̾˿Ҳ֧ܲϱŴҲҸɡҰҸ˵ѵĻ°ɣôţеġҲ½Ǳߺ˵ʱѵþˡôţҲǼ޽˽ңǽҵϱһֱּô¡
ֿһû뵽˵öԣ¶ǵиˡЦţ˿ͷɫʱˣûȥηˣæģ͡

ֿǣŴ椶С椶ҴææĻ˼ңͷĴ󺹣֪ȵĻǱģϴ˰޷˱ĥ¡
ٵˣͽ磡
ȥȥ˽ҡԷʱֿ䲻˵˾䡣
Ҹִסˣִ˵ż
ֿ˵ûϸϸ˱飬Լ뷨̫Žˮ£ȥһԭˣĥһݵķӣף͸һǽһС

Ҫôִ֣ګګʣκ
û£ȥҳųӣҪ˵ͺã˷Ǿȥ
Ҹ˿Ů椶С椶أ
ءһȥҲǶ࿴ֿȥ³ʲô⣬ţõĽ̲ģ͸ӿʡԺ̫۸

ִϴ꣬Եʰʰˮͷߡ
׿˾䡣ֹѸŻִź׼ȥģ
ȥҡֿ˾䡣
ӴֹѸȥ˽ң̲סˣ׼ѽٺݵģ

Ҫ˵죬ȣһ㶼ڼ˯
ֿ˴ƽմ嵽ûˣǵģһ䣬ȥֿҲ˵

ǡֿˣ򶼲ˣߵ߶Ĵ˹ȥֹѸȥأ
ϷɿȥȥֺֿǺǵһЦرơ
ȥȥ̫ˡҡҡͷӦѡڰǲżء£Ǵи֧ϱҾͼźüܹӣˣ˵㻵ľҿ˳ǽڱָʹģ֪֮ʲô

ֿЦˡʲôʱҲĳˣ˵ɣʲô
ûСĸ㰡ⲻ֡˵˵ģ˵±ζ㣬Ҫĸлأͷ±ɶóԵģҲҳ£ðǿ¾ƵģȵġٺٺٵЦ
˭˵İ
⣬ⶼ˵̿ˮһŹһأԶˡ
ֿˡУͷ±ˣҸ͹
಻˼Ц۾ˡ±ζûǮ볢ʲôζؿˣ˺úð˺˺أ˵ܶԼ±ζ

ԺǰŽվĵҲиˣҲʹǳģŶ
ֿҡڵƿԺţݺ׼ңϽɺðɤ±ƵģЦֺǺǡŶʲôأĪ֪Ҫװڼҵģ
Ӵһ㶯ûУ涼ڼأۿҪݣ죬ֿƳ۶ߵ᷿Եķ˶㴰ĶĿţЦˣݣԱߵߣִš׼ң˯ˣҴĸ㣬ɲǿ˯ģٲҿɾֱˡ

䣬ֿͶҸʹ˸ɫ
ɷſǣŴ椶֣ţһ涼ʹȫ˽źݵġ
һ죬ſɾĴŶ£·ʱҪ㡣

ʲô컯աŴͷ򿪣ӷ߷߲ƽš
ȴֿϲصĳȥס֡׼ңһһ˯ͷҲѲأղôû㣬û취ɶ⣬ֻҸš
֣Ϳˣ˦֡Ϊ㣬ھȥҿ㻹ŵʲôʱ򡣡ߺߵߡ

ãҲƾˮô㡣ֿ˵ţƤЦⲻЦҸչʱ˵Ҵ֧üιܣйҵԣҥˣ֦˵Ͻȥպãڣ˶룬ЩҲˡ
֧аҪռõҲֿüɭĿŽӡ˵ǰɣ⼸ţȱһء

ŽӶ䶹εĺüڲסĻңֿҩͷβ룬ҼҴ룬Ҳû˵ܾĻִҪȢϱҲǼ׵¡źۼƳ˶ߵ᷿ûϵһӣȢϱֵܸźƵĸϸգҲͦá
˵أԭ밡ҧźݺݵĶִ붼룡Ҳͬ⣬ֻҪһ죬ִͱ뿪ҽҡ˵ȥ

ˣֺֿǺǵĿ
ӷ˸ۣŵ˿̵ޣ

ֶΣֿһ㶼ҪʩʩȻĽݡҼҴ룬ǾͷּҰɡ
ּҲûܣĿ
ִģе㺦£㵽ܵ󣬲ŲһֱͦˣǰӲͷƤֱţʲôʲôµģҿ϶ܴӮ

룬ҲּҡֿʲôҸȥ˽ˣͳĮ̇û£ҹ¹š
Ҽǵ㻹ӰɣҰﻵҾĻ㽪ҿ㽪ôϱ̯ô񶾺ĳ̡
һӣ͵վңǴ̶
ֿܰҲվ˳ֳСӣˤ棬һصںըŶĤҴҲҴ򣡡ˣ˭ᰡ
ڱԵҪĽӣ˲±ˣû̲ס˸£ؿֹѸ˻ᣬóЦЦΪĺף׼ңۺú˵ú˵

ú˵ֿǺǣһЦüɷɢϢ塣ҵú˵κϽ㲻ϡǷּһǴܣѡһûʱ¡
ǸݽɫҲźʵҲᣬûѪԡ׼ң£˵£һʱҲ㲻

ǺɣּҲúҲգҪڳ׮˵ͨʣĴܣ͸ҪڳʡñΪҴ˶µſڴףɾԩˡֿ˵ţҸ˵ȥɣҲȥ˳֧ҲæҸȥǮţЩ𵢸ʱ䡣
⣬⣬ҪǱ֪Ļ塣ӼˣĻ˵ƣϽ˹ȥ׼׼ң𼱰Ҳû˵ԸּңɷּҲС£ôҲȫҶڳɡ

ֿͷȥҵ˹ССٶĸҪǲ͸˵ּûǵķݣǼӡ
⡭԰׼ңôͳȫҷּأɵˣһʱ鼱˵ĻѹͲ˼
ִӵ֪ģŻˣĳݣ᷿ȥˡ
׼ңԼ˵ģȫҵ˵ּҵ¡
ӻŵȹϵϡû˵ȫҶ֣һǼɷǣô죿Ķꡣ

ҹ˶ˡִ˽ŽҴһһҡ
ֿɨǡ׼ҹȥɱ𵢸˷ּңûˡ˳˵˾䡣͵¸صҲһҹ
ȵȵȵȣȲżǡӻ¡ȫһ˵˵ּ£ˣ˹ҲǰɡŬ¶ƵЦԼԵú㡣

¶֦ԭվ˵ȥŵĻߵĻ̻˶Уһûзּҳɹأɲɵڶִ
Ȼû֪׼ҹͲּˣ׼ֱ˵룬Ҳˣҿţ׼ҾںŪңɵءֿˣ䡣ִ󣬽ǸʲôҼҴѾ룬ҲͲҪٹ˼

֪еšּ֪Լɷ򣬵˾䡣ȥ
£ԼϱģߣҲû룬תͳݣҴææȥ׵
ֿЦЩ̡ҷǽҰǲײĲᣬޣٸĥĥߴߴͱҲ档

ʶ¼ü۴żּɵ
¶֦ӵתŵɻϲСֹѸôһͣ˵ĿԷּҳɹٵȵȣֹѸϹô档
üϱʵͦˣ뿿ȥֲҿȥһ˫۾鰡飬ϱԼҲͲﲻġ
ִȴǿûһۣ޶õĴ߹

»ĺܿ죬Ŵţͷ˽
׼ҹɺðֿȴкֺǺǵģȴǲ̫أҲû˰취ʵụ̂ŶŸ
ͷۣƳƳʲô£˵ɡ

һסţһţ׼ʲôˣ׼ҹʮ˽⣬ΪʲôǰѴּң׼ҹҲ֪ԭɣûִǹ˼˫棬ҵյĳĬǱ׼Ϊ۸
ڽڽʱҵԣҥˮ׼ҹæũ£ҲӦ˵㲻ף׼ҹǸ׼һģҴ죬뿴һ᲻һĶι˹
ҽûˣȻ׼ҸҪ֮䣬Ҫô룬ҪôּҵҲֽܵ¶˽̸ɣǾͰ̨ҲУ֧ռõ򲮣ҽףҶҲҴˣ׼ҹ˵ɣǺ뻹Ƿּҡ

ѹǿơ¶֦죬ɿø룬ƾԼҪּҵҲûܣŰۡ
ּӣ׻˵һһ׮ţúʹǺܺʵģһҲôˣũСĳɸ׶಻װ˵ɣҪȢҪ޿ɾˣܲܺ뱲Ӿ͵ˣȷԲϡ

еţһĺô죿ûϱˣ̶ĵҲ˲Ҳ룡û˴ȥҸϱҲ롣
ұ죬˵ķݣֿĿɭ

ּ˵ŻϹӯӯǳЦܼ˹ġ¶ϸ˵أʱЩͿҪɣǸ㿴ҪôŲԭĺͿ£
ֿ˳ǡҹŮϵˣ˰µҩźáǸ˵ÿɣҵԭҲǲԣôҹŮģҾôȥº󣬻׼ҹǸźáϾҸҹŮ׮¡ǸҲУͷҾͰ׼Щ¶Ҳһһʮ˵ȥ
ţƽϲľǳԿǰԵ̫࣬Ź˺󣬾һˡ

ޣΣû£跢ƵӣɤЪ˹ĺ룡룡ϱҽҲҪ˫ͨ죬ĿҪֹѸ¹ޣϽҹңҿ˭ȢּҵЬ
ֿżŭֻۿŽͷ׼ҹҲ˼ǣͰ˶룬峤棬׮׮Ǻ룬ּҵĹŮҲҪװףκβõĻ

ȥͷ˵˾䡣
ɽýӣûץסӣϱӾ۵ͷ󺹣㽫˴ݣǶ֣㶵ŷƵ

˼ˣһ¼徻˺ܶࡣ
ͷƳֹѸ֪㱾ⲻֻּҡ
ȷʵ룬ȴΪңִҹŮҲܵǣ׼ҹԸּңҲֻú룬ǲټҹŮ׼Ҵһ¹ӡֿ̹ĺܣ̬󷽡

ҲּңͷûֹѸĻɨԼϱ
¶֦ڨڨȻЦšȴûлرܣֱӵ˵˵ʵȷʵּңӣ̫ദˣвľִû˴ǰ浲ţѵĲͳҺʹɩˣҲûĸ˵˵

ͷ̾˿ҰܡǾͷּҰɡ˰죬Ƶ˵˾䡣ʹˣȥʹ峤Լ¸ص׺԰գȥӳȥŹϡ
¶ȥɡ¶֦˵ţɿ˳ȥ
ƲƲ죬üתȥ

峤¸صĺܿ죬ûãͷҲӸ˳֪ͷô˵ģּ֮Һ˳ǮûʲˣҲһΪ
ҵķּˣֿûĸ棬ĿѾﵽҪûɫͱˣ峤׵ķУеʵ䷴ˡ

Ǯû֣¶֦˵ֲҿڣֿֿ˿ԱߵûƵģＱӴ
ôЩ꣬Ű£˶Ǯưôû˿أ
ȰȣȰȣۿǶҪˣû˭˵鼱֮¿˿ڡǲǡʲô

ϸ罪Ͻ㣬¶࣬ҾͲˣأԸѰʱ䣬ÿչֿһź˵ŻֳЦЦͷλһˡ
ҸǣŴ椶ִǣС椶ȳݡ

˶ŽͷֺǺǵ˵Ц̸䣬ûôҲˡ
ջһӵˣ˲˴룬ӵһԿࡣ
ҧźŴϱ˵ʲôӵɵ߯Բ
ûûʲôɶҲȻˡ¶֦ӣɷʹ˸ɫ첽ݡ

ɷ򽪱ԼҺҲˣʣ½ãŸĸȶе߶µ˵˾䡣룬ȥӴ
Ҷˣҡߺߵĳݡ
ͷŶӵšüͷȥɡ˶٣˵󣬸úùӡ
֪˵ġӦţˡ룬иĸϻƵĸڣĸ۶ӡĸ̫ˣţưȻİѼҸˣ컢ȥˡ




26.  26   ôţ

ؼҵ·, Ŷգˮ˳Ŷ仺ûû, ɼڵˮĺܶࡣ
Ҹ, һȥֻ, Ҫ۵, ҵֿͻȻ˵˾䡣Ū㣬ʱ, ֻҲûİ̯ʵ̫ˡ
ҸͷЦŵϴ˵Ǯ
׼±ζִ̽˾䣬е֡ΪʲôûԹ±أҲ֪òó, ±±ζζӦòȥ

̵ֿĻ˾䡣á˵Щ, ˵̫ܡڽ˺ƴʱ, ˮûкϣҲۡ
, ǲǲִеšɲܳ, ûզ
˹ŮԹ϶ʹֿţָָ졣ʡ۱˶ӣͼȻˣҺȽ

˼, ֿȺһ裬ϴ˰Ÿо»˹
椶С椶е˯ʱ˯ϰ, С׳Ųס
ȥ˯ᡣֿŲ붯۵Ļš
ִıѾԳγεС椶ǣ椶֣Աȥ˯ź󣬲ȥ

ֿ̧ͷɡ
ҪҪȥ˯᣿ִͷģӹǱͲ̫ãΪ£ɷ˿ġ

Ҳ˯һỹ¡ֿ˹ŮϸҪҸֻ׼±ζԼԣһùƾͻؼңºò׷˼ңûסһĵ
Ҽǵ壬ϱߵĽϣмéݣã㣬éʰ޳𵢸飬ס˾͸Ͻȥס±ζ͸ʹ峤¶˵˵
˵һéסʱ䣬ÿ¸Ǯʣô˵ʹ峤ǲǮûסķӣǮǰԼƤȡ

ִţʱʱĵͷˣԭô¡
éݲʰ޵̫ϸҲס˶೤ʱ䣬˾尲ţҾʹҸǰȥס˽ţٰǽӽǮӪ֮ⷿģҶаţʱϸϸ
Ժ֪Ŀǰ˵Щ¾Ͳö˵ֻܸӣⶼסʡű۶ӡ

ǱģִҧгݵӦţü۴˹ҶˣҲٺʹǰһԴңҪϸŶãҷǵúúʰһٺݵġҲԣҿĳԷȥ
ֿοĵ˵ͷԣ״̬ܺã͸ֱͦ˵ҪţôѣҲûѪԣҵˣҸܵܣ㲻һˣӷŴ㣬¡԰գļ

£Ҹֻ󲽽˳Ƽۿ죬˿ĸסˣھɱ
ֿͷھɱ
ҸɱЪϴȿ衣ִĨ۽ǣɿ˹ȥŵܵЦЦɱĺܡ䣬ȷʵѪû٣ȫ
ҸСŵĿˮﵹרֻܣִ뼦Ѫ߿Щ
ֻۣëװΣ¾Ͱθɾˡ

ߣֿĻ𣬿ʼ±ֻܲȣеģó±ģЩƮŨŨζʱÿǣ֮ǰ±ȥ
ܿ죬ζŨҸִ˲źۼʿˮ㰡
±߸㶨ֻҪסҸУֿŪ̶⣬ִԱߴ֡
ȣȫŨ±㣬Ѭ˶淭š

Ǽҵ±ζԽԽˡִÿǹ£ͷһ±ζʱûô㡣
ֿЦЦе⡣϶ģ±֭ԽζԽζŨ͸ǲ˼ԽԽ㡣
ѹ˵ҪȥǼҵ±ζɱҪζöࡣ±㣬ִͻȻãȷʵܿװż±ζڣû⣿

椶Ũ±㣬Ժ۾ڴϴ˻ᣬ˴ۻ˯ãԥ»ǳݣųݣͿſڲԶ£ŸӣϸһȴǶ̷
ѡ椶Сܵȥ˾ˣ̷Ǽſڡ
ãִĪǰվŸʲôɹ̫أ
ֿȥǲҽҲ֪ˡţ̿ЦˡҲǸСġ

ִϴ˰֣ҴææܡվŸʲô
ϱðͰͶĺؼҡ
߰ɣȻݡ
ĸϱ۾̴ѵķ顣ϱŪ±ζأѵĴ㰡ĽͿ˿˿ƵڴҲ֪ûķݡ
ֲǸԵġִͷۡʲôһݣл㣬ľͷ׮һţһ䶼ú
úúáӦţﷸϱҴ£ôҲĸģ˵ֿ¡

Ҹ椶˳һȦʵʵĺˣŸЦӴؼҡ
ֿЦЦͦġ̫ȣżߡ
أ˫۶ʱð˹⣬ðĴ±ֱգۣ죬Ż˾䡣ǣģߡ
ʲôءִԴǰ
ʵÿڸĽã빾๾ĺţ꣬ÿʣֺõĳϱЦĿ롣
ִָ롣ȡ˵ģԽʺˮʱ͵

椶ڳ˻ᣬˮֶ룬ȵȥ
̫ãùȥ
С椶պˣûŽ㣬۾¶㶵ڴ߳ſֻСҡڡ㡣
ˮ椶ݸá
С椶ССڵĺˮֻȰͱˡ㣬㰡ЦЦа
ţ±ζ̶⡣椶˴ǣߡ̷ˣһǵúˡ
С椶ԹԵĵͷ

ʵҲŻɣʵʵڽţڵ±
̷򡣡
ŴŴǻ£ͷȥС椶ӳÿÿ
ѬˣȥݴţҲСֿóʣµ̶⣬ô椶ȥݣС椶ķȥɡ
õĿĸתΪ̶Լķݣʧˡ

̫Ҫɽ±ζ̶ⶼ޳ˡ
ֿûЪҸȥ˵أýˮ˳Ѽˣɹͷѵ£ִ۸ľ׮Ƶɷ򣬽ýӴߣİ˸СڣʱջֳԼϱЦЦ

һ±ζкڣ±ζԱ߸ֻ룬֥ͽɣرر㣬ϲͿմմ⽴ζŨ
峴ǣƬƹϣͷź
ּҴСĸֿҲϰ˷ǰȺȻʢó룬ĸԽԽأǰûôϸѹϱס£۳žˮ˺öࡣ

극ɫִЪţʰ̨ⶼʰ룬ĸ˴Уûڣˮ᲻ãֻס£ȴǱȳǻҪѹҲ֪ô¡
ȥɡֿķվԱߵŮõ㣬̤̤ʵʵĹӣӺЩ໤ŵ㣬ѲҪţܹ
ͷһĸϿ飬ůůͷȺĵͷģһúôġĸ׵㣬÷óԣ±ζ㣬̶ⶼζҪá
ãĸʵҲõġ

ȻнùӣȥʱֿҸ˸ţǡ
±ζ̶⣬ֳݣ峤ҪЩ̶ƤϸµĴ±ζô̵װţһ룬ȫˡʣµǸҵ¸صףһСС⣬ö˵ʳ͹ȥԻ֪Ϊֹ۶ӣȽύ֡
һֻװݣӣڼĲ࣬ࡣ

ˣ椶վ£Żɵ⣬˺ܾãСС˶ü·ʶóζ
ҹ䣬ﻹǺˬֿ԰˸³һ۰
ʲôأԵŮ⺢ӹ죬˼ϸеУЩ֪Ҫô̡
ǲòʣСѾͷȻе࣬ͬ

椶գգ۾ѣҺãǲҲżң
㲻ȥ
롣椶ɿĴţ˵˾䡣ѣ뵱ĺӡ䣬ƺ׵ʲô
ֿЦˣḧĺ󱳡ɵѾͷҵĺӣѡ
Ҳżҡ
żңүүҲżң椶Ҳƭ㣬һ죬ҲصżҡǣǸ㳤ˣˣǼҪ飬غһӣΨһһλᣬѡʲôӡŮãȻֿ룬˵е椶ڲûϵż϶ȥú£Ҫ¸ҵ㣬㲻Ըⲻ˾ίʱԷ˵ûϵģǸ˺㣬ѣ
żҵĺӣͬʱҲּҵĺӣѵĺӣҲҵĺܵ˺ֿ״椶ĶͷЦ顣ԣ㲻ú£¸ҵ㣬ıվѣߴǿ׳ľ˾ˡ
椶ѵĻ·ȡϵַ·Ǿѵõů
û˵ȴһֱ룬ѵĻµ־˵ʲôƺ¶ġ

ƽմýతֹѸȥңţҷּңǰŸ£˵ֹѸûϵСš
֧ϱеܣһ㺰׳֪ҷּҵϢЩ
ֹѸѽҸּˣһʱûŹľͷ˼ңĴ峤ڵ¸ص׶û֨ôֹѸѽҸּˣôˣ군군ˣʰ꽪ӣֹѸ᲻ʰ
ôţ

ϳ˻ôţ֧ȥŰۣšüͷ˵˾䡣
Ľ겻еûضй𣬶ɷһ硣һ쵽֪飬飬鲻㰡飬ǼҴͷ֪֪أһֹѸҿô죡
ɶӹϵĻ֧ҲǸʵ۸ġö˶˵ֹѸʲôֲǲ֪ʲôˣ֪ˣʲôȥˣҿأã˵꣬һڴڵĳź̡

ңûϢҪгϢеأ׳Ȣϱеܻίˣ˵˿ǻҪΪŴ׳һȥֹѸֲǸɵģֽӣ˵а׳ܸĹģؿզ찡
ϱĿ֧Ҳͦζĵ̶̣ýŲ߹ȥϱĺ󡣡ʲôáЩҿ£ֹѸȥЩ˵óǸҿֹѸҲǾŲŵˣ¶Ҳ͹ȥˣԺǧ

ǡеĿɷھȥ
֧ͷɫԥ¡ȥھȥˡ˶٣˾䡣£˯̤ʵ
ҲԡеЦˣҵĨϵˮȥ񼸸װš
ȥȥɣſڵ㡣

Ų⣬֧е·ּȥ
ŵּſڣС£еЦšҸźӳء
Ƿôпչˣֿкǡ
еܽ˹ȥļ˲ټȣ棬׻Щ㡣˵ǰҲ£˵ԣԲסˡ԰ҲҲԣ㿴¶ôţǹԭµģҸô㾡˵ҲȷʵҲԣҿİ

׳Ҳ̫ˣһģ̧ͷͷòô⡣ֿ˵ţȴǽӹѽʵڣƾױˮϴɾҲͲˡ
ее£ӦֺǺǵĵ⻰˵ģ¶ҲŪģҾ͸װףԩ
˵ţһȺǺг

뿪ּҺеܻڸɷ̾˵ֹѸ׺ţͦŵӴ龪һ
е֧ͷǡŻҸЦŴкҸôĻأ
ҸﲻϲĸװװȴҲû̲ĵҶطҡ
ѹָոּûأǸմҳ
Ŷ

Ҹţżֻ˼ҡҿ֧ˡ
ţǹǸʮء
ѹֽһͦҸЦˣĺéݵ£ʹ峤ȻûҪǮͬסã϶Ҳͦ
ֿͷȥϴɣæ죬˯
ȣá




27.  27¸ɻ   ʵţһ

˰, ũʰ׵˽£ϸϸܵС, Ÿոµׯڡ
ͷҲûʲô, Ҹڼ, ĸŮһ, ڱöﻨ¸ЩӣһֽҲôĹ, һܱһǺ

ֿ͸ſ⣬ϸϸ˲㱡ɴ´£ԶȺɽһ۳ȥеɾζ
³Ҳ, Ǳ˶ʮ֪Уʱ, ִžҲˡ
ԭΪܼ, һһģȻҲôˡ

ǰҸ֪, 뵽˶, ϲ߶ۿҪʮˣٲȢϱˣнģ۽ǳǳЦ֪᲻
ֿƶĻ϶ģҸǰ߶Ļ¡˵, ҲЦüЩӣȥϰ壬ԵĻ, ʮءִʮʽꡣ

³Ҹʮ
磬ֿ緹Թʰʰţȥ
ܵϰ壬˰ǮǮ廨ˮͷǣһ׮ͻ˺üʮģһֻһϺƤ飬£ٶġ

Ǹĵӣæͷ£˳ɵûؼǸϽȥʡ˸աֿ˱飬ĶˡǮ治̾˾䡣
ҸЦллﾭ˵ģöˣƺҲô
˶ԽԽ˰ֿοĵ˵ͷ뱲˵帣ء

ؼҵ·ϻţ˹Ů᲻Ѿڼſڵš
ĵ˼ſڣֿȷʵ˱˹ŮȴϴӣִӺɽ

ֿ̲ۡôˣͳԿ״ݵšȥɡţǿš
ҸŶͣ椶С椶ﶼ˵ʡʲಽĸŽ˳
ִӷԭݣǶȥϵ״Ҳȥ˳

ǽʲôֿګƵʣ⿪ݵţе˼ڳתѡ
ﲻ̫ˣִæѰ׵˹ȥ͵׹׿ɲᣬ˵ҲжʮϻؿҪˡ
ֿ֪ʡö˶˵ģ׹ʲô˵Ȳȱʳ
ԭԭĴȥִӼص椶С椶ڼסͦãףǵ⡣ͱģ仰˵á˵ϲӣסžסţǣܹżҵĺӣҲ̫鷳㡣
ףֿʱˡ
ִӲ²ﻰ˼ЦˣҲЦˣءյĵȣǽء
ŰɡֿҲ̫Ϊô˵ֹѸĹŮôô磿ǲһỹ£Ǿͻȥɡ
ûûСִҡҡͷҸأûʲô£֣ޡ
ֿͷǾͳ緹ٻȥɡ
⻰ִӷͲûϲɤ۵ؿڣ̤ʵˡ

ˣֿһ㶼ʹתæһ׮һ׮ĹûС
˵ĻҲȲũ¡ִﻹˣлɸܱȴǿԸɻҲɰͰ͵˵Щ
Ҹ˰ĸףͳȥ

ִɷңԶԶؾжƮګƣˣ
ûأȳɤӺ
椶վſ֧СԹϣЦ̷̣򡣡
ִɿЩᡣŮûжЦôãԴ׽ĺܡ

椶С椶벻̰Ϧദ£ִСѾͷҲǺиģСܵſڣһѽ˱ǵĶͷɷ죬ǽ̸Ӵ
ֺǺǵЦţһֽݸϱ͸ƵţǮţܼϱŭ˵ǮϱģҲû

СӼҼҵģЩʲôⲻ˷Ǯִ֪߳ǽжһʮ͵ǮԼֶͷҪԣ˵ˡ
ִע⵽㣬ôˣе⣬Ѿͷȥɡ
Ҹǹ֡˶٣ִʡּҺ󣬹ôʲôңúõӲסǵסõéݣʱʰɵʲôá
˶徻ִɨ۳أ
ԵĲ˵
ȥִֽ˴椶ţһ첻̫ܳడСݳӣѸˡ
椶ֽɵĵСԹϡ

ִһߣִӰĿŵ÷ϣﻹһ廨⣬¡أɡǮûס˾䡣
ʮġ˵ŻĿڷĵѪܼǣڼ᲻ó⣬֪ͷȣżԻػĻˮȻζҲͦóԵģҾʹִŵĻǮǡ
ô󡣡ִӵԲ۾˵ģӸӣȷʵ˵Ǯɡ
ÿ۴㡣Ҳ֪⣬ϽŲԶ˺ü

ֿ߽оеŹ֣û⡣
ִɷʵʵվڽľͷ׮Ƶģﻹ⣬;úЦô⣿
㣬˵øûԩˡܿϱߣߵ߶ĴյĸߡҺʹȥġ
ֿüЦĽӹ⡣Ūԡ
Ҹջ𡣡İ˸Сţλã˭Ҳ
ãջ𡣡ֿһźӦ˾䡣
ϲ̵ЦţĸԽԽˡ

ִӺܿ͸оĸ״Ͷȫһġ;ãԶӹ·˸ˣɵɵڳվţֽŶ֪ҪšöҪĸ׷Ը֪Ҫʲôȫ岻ϣֻܸɰͰ͵ؿš
еܣؿƵġ
ʱɽ˽ˡ
˰ûʲô£ȥЪŰɡֿͷҲû̧˵˾䡣
ɽ񺩺ЦšҲۣʲôҪ𣿡ɲţʱĺܡ
԰ϰ£ЪסִӷɿĽ˾䡣ǿˣѹֶûô󷽣ôڿ죬ԭŰͽأϾǮҲǿġ
Ъסֿеգ۶ǽķˣ˵˾䡣ЪסǾԸҵɡ
ʱˣʵţһвס




28.  28   öãҲ

ûʱ, һһԸʹĸɻӲŽЪ, ЪסԸһɣͶ˵Цִ, Ͳûۿ, յᡣ
ͬǳ޵ĹŮ, Ҳ̫ƫЩǰ, żû

ִӲģί
ɶֿӦ̧ͷȥզˣ˹ˡôˣö˶˵ôͿˣ
ִ졣ûޡ˶٣ֵ, ҺʹһŮȴҺá
Ȼİֿ˳ͻءڼס£һ³Ϧദ, ²ż, û˵ʮ䣬˵˵, , ᲻׽
⣬⡭ִӱҭˣİ죬Ŵ˾䡣ҲŮ, ̴Ǯҡ
զôأֿĻĿûҸǰộҹθأҲ²С
ִӱµó˵, ĿɿڴĿﻹأüȴãȻ޴룬ͦ
·˵ʲôǴģΪʲô

ֿţ˵˵ȥվֹѸĺӣѧӣ
롣ִӦţٴ˵˵ˡ
ڼ˭Ǯƣ
ûּңšСش
ֿѧ˱ӣǮ͵͵ţ
ܰɡִҲ̫û͵͵ܹǮǮ
ǮùţҲѧӣ
⣬ִ룬̽˾䡣ǣԸ𣿡Ҳ֪ʲô־е㲻˼ż̸ңԼ᲻᲻̫ã˵Ϻöӵģ͸ʽ࣬ǲûǰˣҿͦǮģ椶ǽӣһʮǮأǣǮĺ¶̸ܽҲǳ޵ĹŮǲҲһˮƽ
ּˡֿ룬˴ŮҲر𻵣еġ
ִּ֣۾ʱ£ְˡǣҾͣѧ˰ɡͷܻеᣬ˫ѹĽһ

ֿĿԱߵĴŮϡɽ벻ּң
ɽû뵽ĸ˵Եеͷԣ죬𡣡ּܷҡ
ΪʲôŰ׹Ϊţĸȥ˽ңһʱҾķ˼ңʱĴ峤ҵļҲڳɻǷ˼ҡ
ϢʱŵƤӷףĸѪҲż֣ѺúõһֵķѣŰͰͶ˰׹СѾͷĸþʹðɣˣֻҪżھС

ǲּܷһǲּңֿ
ɽԹ϶ķֵͷľ˼ֻκĸզһĻּܷҵġʵʵӦšﻹڣּܷҵġĸȥżҰѼҸˣеż𣬱üּ˰ɡе͡
ֿе㺦£ʱЦˡżûңҲȥֵģİɡ

ӲҲǱӡֿ룬䡣¶̫ѹֽôһҲֻܱһǣÿ̫Ҫûʲôʱ䣬ѧ˱ӣп㼸Ҳ಻һӣǮﶼ治Ⱦ͵͸ţ㲻ʲôûеõ㻹ǰ۸ࡣ
һ˵ľ޵ģڱͻ˼ǻûּңһסţпڽǿİ͵ˣ˸ǮӪβ;죬ʵǮʱ䲻ྫӱ̫ǮȻҲ٣һһӵìֻԽԽࡣ
ǰ£̯רıӣãԸֵòǮòǮܶÿͺۣ˭Ը⣿㣬Ը𣿡

ִҲҡҡͷԸ⡣ҲѧˣҡЫģ·о綾
ί𣿡
ίҡͷ
ƫ𣿡
ƫġҡͷ
ֿòˣ͵ЪžԼһɡ
֪ˡ
Сһ𳤴ִǱȽ˽ԼҴģԱ߽˾䡣㣬һңԼһɵģ˵ﻹǸɻأҲʵЪЪҪڼס죬֪жɢˡ
ûȥءִӸɰͰ͵Ӧš
ֱִ֡ڷּҵرңڣôô涼û˹š
ִеĽͷԵĳ˳

ȥѼȦִӶɷ˵˾䡣
ɽӦŸ˹ȥ
ɻʱִӹʹ˾䡣˵ʲôʱּܷң
˵ڵʱԲּҡ
Ǯʲôʲôִ򴽡ô⣬϶һԸûԹлҲŰ֣˷һӣȻӷһӣżϱƬ⣬ԼǲԵģŮ޶Ҳûݵġ
ɽ񺩺ЦšⰡ˵⣬ûǼ˶࣬϶ԶԵ㡣ţҲеˣҲæյǼ죬ÿеȣũæȥЩûˣҲе
ǰô⣬Ӧһɡִݳ޵ţϾҲżңﻹǺġ

ɽڼɻϰߣֽҲǺġѼȦĸɸɾǰݺƬյضʰˣ³Ӳݣ˸ɾԵĲ԰ӣҲʰ˷
ʱ磬ʵҲɣԺ˵˸¨ɽȥ
ʱӶƮŨķǲŻʵʵһЩ۵ӲӵݺԣװȫõݲݣмҰһҰˡ

㣬硣Ҹкǡ˵±ζҲ
ԶζɽһſˮеţҲ˵Ϊʲô¾͸ƵģƮƮظŽ˳ζզôأ
ִֶûϴ׼ȥÿӣ㣬ϴְûϴֲܳԡºסܹȥ˴㡣ϴ֡
ŶŶŶϴϴְִӺɷȥݺᾮˮϴ֡

𣬱ϲִͶǣ֪ǻϲ֡иɾӡǰҲôģǰúڿţþ
߿Ŵڽٺٺٵ͵Ц
ִڨڨȻЦšءɶʱôˣͼû仯զô
ɽµĸϱϱʲô͸ʲô
԰ɣ±ζ±ζҪ㣬пڸˡִϲ̵Цš
±ζʲôɽ޴ûгԹǣ±ζҸޣ̫óˣͷ¶ǣ᲻ý뺬̫óˣóԡ

զָˣֿ˵ĴŮǶɺͷԡ
ִżҳԹһżҴķˣеĶǣͷһسôóԵ±ζе̫ˡ˭һرáһ㶼ΣܳܳԱʡʡһγ±ζʱҲǼ޶Σμкö±ζԵر㣬һδʱ±ζûôأⶼԶٻˣҲһú޲ԡ
ֿϲԣЩȥҽͦࡣ
ǲǶԴЩȥһ˫۾ʡ
Щȥɡ
ĸȻԽԽã̫ˡҧ˿㣬ϱܼҾͰܼҰɣĸҲûùҲôóԣȢϱҸˣ

Ҹֿ緹εررʢ
м⣬⣬ʮͷа˸ȣҩСŨÿҲһɣиŹȽ嵭ռ⣬÷ɲ廨⣬䣬Ƭͷ峴ʱߡ±ζûͷˣը˵عӣҲû档
żһǽңǷҲûԹ˷ʢķˣôʢķ˾ȻֻһСС΢
ĸСӿá
ĸĶӿҸ

˲ֿ࣬ͱ˶ӣִӷִԼ椶С椶СѾͷ
ôˣһӲˣأȻ˸ɾʣµҲûģ±ζ͵عӡ
ֳֿ֣˹ŮһݣǴؼȥ
ߵʱִӷرᣬһͷҲǲģҲִ㣬ס¿ɲǰסģ˵

һ᳣ġִӰͰͶ˵ţֶŮѼҪŶɻԵҪѰ
ֿŮķ˵˵˵ɡ˵˵ݰݰɣ־ú̫ʡ
Һúܹԣѡ椶˵š
ȣִŮ˰
šֿͷ

Ĭţƽմ壬˻ᣬɽ˵óԡ
ţ˺ö࣬ǰ÷óԶˡִԼĹĵĶӣЦһ㡣ҽԵúñ̾šҴûгԵô͵ģӦþǳ˰ɣԭζ
ҲԵúñɽ񺩺ЦʵõġЦú˵ҲϱҲϸϸؽš
԰ǵġִ룬˵˾䡣öãҲöõ㡣
ɽЦӦˣ⻰




29.  29±ζ   һûζأš

ִӼɷҲǳͬԼĻ, ЦгǶֶǿֹȥǰ׿ɲ, ﻹд, ⱲӳԹ˵һٷ, Ҵû, ܴڴڵĳ⣬óԵ±ζ, ÿɹɹˣﻹǴ˷ݻȥ´λңô, Ƕô㶫ȥ֣̫ˡ
ġɽֺǺǵӦšáֵ, ﶼеֱ˴, ĸȴûУԼҵĶһķڲôæ, ж̹, Ҿͽӵ̹͵͵ܼǮҲȥ

ԶԶԣ͸, Сĵüִ֪ҲŹ͵͵ܼǮﻹʮءɷȥ̹Ļ٣лҲǴȥ, СʮǮ
ɽ㻹Ƕġ֪С˵˾䡣ĶġȻ󣬶ϱЦ

һ·˵ЦĻϪ壬ŽżԺӣɩ˳ǻˣõʲôأּӻ񰡣죬ҿʲôҲ̫Щء
СִһŤӡ⻰˵еģϰ㷲˵ĻͦͦˡӳԵġ
ʲô˼ˣýԼŹζҿʲôȻʵĶҲ˾󾢶ҿҾͺ
ִʵʵӣҲûãҵġ
Ļˡңǳ˰˵꣬ɤӳݺɽϱҴ˺ЩȻ͵͵˵ˡ

ʲô֣һԺſվţԼˣϷģӱűվ£˾䣬Ŀִϣӻʵʲôøҿ
СִӲɵ±ζ㣬һƿûĳʳûǷķݡһ뵽ôóԵ±ζ͵عӣҪߣʱͼˣ˵Ҳ˵ǸҳԵġ˻ȥ˵ұ֮ǰݼڼ˺ö࣬ÿűʮ꣬˵ԵûҪԵĶزסֱһסԺúȺˮ㡣
һý˵Ļ˵˳˵ֱ꣬رĺð󺹣е㱡
ô˵û

˰죬û仰˶šҹűǻŭĽݡв˭أޣ
ţͼﴫȢôɨǽţ֪£Ϲͷûء
Ӵ泤˰˵˾䣬תԸ

ɽŵĿϱ۾͸Żֺ̿Ͳ·ʣô죿
ǻݡִһɷֹؽţӷϣ˫һҪɷüʱ͵˵ϡˣˣҺû°ɷڴڵĴһ˫۾Űգ˻ᣬɤӿڡãã˵ء˵Цеɵ

˵ƽմּҸճԹʱֿԱ߽ʣµ±ζعӷֳݣִִϴʰ̨
ִԴ˵ǻûּңԵûȥǧǧǿǱˣҲסҪţӻʵóԵ¶Ȼء˵ͨ
ִεļţ¼ǲסö˵˱飬ԼҲظ˱顣°ɣ
Գ£أ۸㣬£ǣʰ·ֻҪǲȣûռﰡͿ϶Ụ㡣ִ˵ţЦЦĶĸ׵˵ûɡ
ֿΪЦӦšûô˶٣ֳű˴Ů˵ȥſھͱײĶ˿ڽøոսģӽȵʱȥøС룬±ζ͵عӸװһݣ͸㹫š
ס˶Ҫ¹˵ʲôҪֻҪ㹫˵
ţָֿ˷ִŬļ˵ûػص߶˺ü飬Լˡ

˵ġսľֽŷִҡɷĸ첲·ˮˮ˾ľ㡣ǸոŶ˵ɹİӻȰԷʱ˵ǾͲ͵͵ĳԴҴصĳʳˡ
ɽе£ӻججͲãֻګګĵӦãǵİɡƮƮ˵λ㡣
϶ǵģִ˫۷Ź⡣жãô֪ģǰӿûô⡣죬ﻹЩ飬ú£ȴϲԽãȻҲܸմ⡣
֪
ɷһִ֪Ҳø˵ĥ˵ûŰñֺõ㡣һʵźʹɩҲûж

ҪԷʱִӳųûˣֻϵĲƿһ㣬ÿһһļУ߼б̿ˮ㰡ԣԣһõȥ·˵ģ͵͵ĳԣҪԾͲǸҡ
±ζҲûж٣ִСļУһ࣬ͷ
ͷʱѹסĵĽźֻ룬̧ͷͦأո˶ñֱһһӡ

ûʱżϰԺڷԣεףżĺǡ
ִӳʱˡ
ɽϱûĳʳö˳ˣǻҪ㶼վ˲𰡡ƤЦⲻЦķţ˵˵۾ȴεĶ룬ζ±ζ㰡ֹѸȻøִ±ζ±ζɱҪˣ
ǡܣ±ζɡֱͲûˮ죬˹±ζҶһûԹ±ζˣôźЩȥԵʱûô㡣죬ɽϱ߿㣬ˣԼɡ԰գ

ǼĴ磬رܹſءִӼֱ±ζеˣһţʶתܣ㿪㣬߶߶߶µ˵磬ǸԵġ
һӻӣ˵껰ĴϡȻǸǳԵģʲôܣϽ硣
ãðɡִӽŵݸ˴硣±ζ͵عӡŴץ±ζʱ첽ߵߣһֻ¡ġ±ζģر㣬·ܺá

ó԰ȥԹҪóԶˣ㣬㰡гԵöͣסˣ±ζû¾ͳԹˣ꣬ԣǰ룬˹ȥ
Ժ񲻸ˡ磬Ѿķݣ㻹ķݶ̰ûôһûζأŸ㡣ǼҲܳ谮




30.  30ż   ż˸һ

ԴѾû˵, ȴҲ۰Ͱ͵ĳţĬĬſˮ֪, ô±ζ, ϶ûǵķ, , ȴ̲סЩڴĥ, ҪôܳԵ±ζأųԲҹﶨ˯̤ʵȫ⡣
㰡ôģôô㣬﷭, ԣ԰

˻Ƶסӻķȴ̲ס, ĿҪ, ССú, ҲǾ־, Եø˱֪϶ǺóԵģ죬һҪ
ǻŭӣ˴ӺСûϢ, ҪűӵĿ֣ҲûҪʲôҪûԹ⻹ôţ˻øƵ, ƽʱпڻȣĻزǽүһӣҶӶˡ
һ뵽ֹѸóʳһҪԣޣˡ

㶮ʲôûԹ㶮ƨһ㶼ĸףѹ¡ּ±ζԶ±ζҪ㣬Ҳɶζ֪Ҫԡ㲻Ըҳԡ
Ժ־Ҫȥץ±ζֿĽ˿ˣ㵽˸󡣡㿴ĻҲˣԸҲûˣ໵Ľԣôģ˵껰Ͻ˿ɽɣ㰡úóԣ쳢ˣ㣬ţر㣬˰һǹġ

㡣мˣȥܴס
һֱû˵ͷûĴ˽źݵġȥ
ٴӵü۴ɷҸʲôҳԵ±ζôˣ
㻹ˣͷ̧ͷŴӡ
ٺʲԸĻԼλŶܺݺݵĵۡ
ҡԺҲ̰ģ˸ζԸ˿飬ͽ±ߵ߶͵˸׸ǰίί˾䡣ҡĩˣ˾䡣عҲóԡ
ͷû̧ͷҲû˵ſӼ±ζ׼ŽʱֿԱߵĴӣ룬±ζŽ¼˸عӣѾû±ζˡ

һ־ͣЪŲû˵ʼˡҿɽϱ϶±ζֻûȫóѣԼԶʳءºͺ͵
ˣһֱ񾭵ִӼյԼϣûк£е˷ܣĻƽĻ˾䡣ɩոϹ˲ɣﳢʣôͳɳԶʳˣа±ζ͵عӣ˺ˣң⻨Ǯ˺óԵĸҲӣóЩТĳТӦõģѲһТˣûôɡ

ɽϱǿûּأﶼôţŷּҲɣǴûĳʳҲӦȸ֣ԼŲô£Ƥģе˵ĵ㣬ȴҲûô£ǰȽŵ²ϰˡ
ܸ֪ҪôӦʱͳĬű˵ִӽĸ׵ĻûɩԹԵɷߣĬĬسԷ

ǡЦôţҴ뷨ˣҿɽϱһˣĲ֪ԽԽʣʳ֪Ҫ˽ˣǰɴ㡣
зԻ²ǲǣӿŴϱϴϱ룬ԣһ쵽֪Ϲ£Ȣô฾żǵ˰˱Ѫù

ֲҲسʳҿɴûгԹʳ㷣Ҳɽϱŭ߷߲ѣ·˾ȸ⣬ȴֲ˵ҿûж沵ǿƣ˵޳ȥŮóȥˮҲۡ

һӻӣǲŴϱϾԼұӵ棬һٶ£̲סˡҵɵˣû˵ΪҲ֪ûԶʳϴոյĻû˵ѹͲãԸƨ|ɶɾҸǰ˵ɽϱԶʳûûƤļӣҾû붯֣Ҫȥ㶼ܷ㶫㻹ҪˣҪǿڷϣʰ㣬һģֻƵ´ܣѼȢʲôãٸҶߺ֣ʰʰȥżҵĴݲ𡣡
ûܹ˲䱻ŸˣľĿţˮવ䣬ǲţžȻô˵棬ô
ءܲס۵һ߿ޱܡ

ձ˶٣ּԷ˴ڹҲ˵ʲôʵʵڴڵĳԷ۾ȴµµת
ǹ˼ֹѸҲԣֹѸίʵеаţϵøϱ˵˵ɲٲŶӣִӣһСİֹѸˣ˵ʲô£ǵñɡ

˷ͷ꣬ŻڳԷĴСӵһ
ҳԱϹԺԹɵӦš
пۣöġԼ꺢ӣҲڵǰˣɣﲻ֪жڡƨ
˰ɣݣԺǵŴʹ˸ȿһ㶼ۣܱһȱ˭øߣ˵ֿ꣬ɩɩǲǻ±ζи̹Ŷȥ±ζ£죬һʮǮȻҸ˵һǮء
ִźĶҪʱȴԱߵĴ˵ģ˶Ǯ
ܣҵķݸ㣬ȥɻһֱû˵ɽ䲻Ŀ˿ڡϱģáҡͷ
Ժû뵽Ķ磬еС棬ʱˡҵȥ￴ж٣̫ˣڵĲԣɾͲˣϾƣôҲܼǮ
һЩִܣҽ
п߷ߵ˾䡣ɵӡ߿ˣ۲Ϊ
ܿ죬ԺͻϲصĶֻԼûųԣճӻţ˵ȥ˵ء

ͷڣӴű棬ҲڣһԣûԼҶӡ˵ӣûһֱڵǰţȫûе׵ԾʱСӸԣ÷ƫƫﶼŻţ򲻵ãž͸ۡ
ԺݣͷͿʼ˵٣ҲࡣȥϱȥɽǰȫͬԼԼ͵ˣƵɽϣ֪һδһΡ
֪϶¡Ժ񰵰ֹЦЦӦˣӦ÷ⶮ¡
з˸ۣϽˡ
ߺͷޡ֪ƫģƫҲиȣû˷ִ硣ֿڵıӡϱôô졣
֪˼ӾܺܲģޱȱȴҲ֪ӣֹѸ̫̫׺ż˸һ³




31.  31   Ҷʵ򲻻

Ҹ, ûñ
ʮʮԲ죬ֿżĺȥҹ, ٻ, ʮ, ų޵Ůż˹ݽڡ

Ϊҵ, ֿüǰͿʼ׼š
ϸһһ죬ɩǰҲΪּ˺ܶܶ, ô˵ûҵĸֹѸѹӡֹѸǮе·ͷϱȽϿ, ŶТТϸףԴɩҲõ㡣
Ķⳤû취ԼȴĿ˹ӡ

ǽЩ, ԭǴ´ȥ, 뵽ûгߴ磬ֻý׵İ, ʱֱӴȥ
˫Ь, ʱ˵ãСʣֻҪЬǸɾģûд, Ϳùȥ˫ӣȻ˫󻹽˼Ǯۡ
, ԼӦǸҵ̬ȺڡҲԣʱŮӼЩֲգЬЬ첹Ѵȣٶ㣬ЩԼѡ
˻ĶĶϡ

ȥ·ϣҸȤײԴ󣬲Ǹˣʲô֪ȫûǮޡ
ܺóԡҸӦšӺܺÿǮȴ̹Ҫʡܶ࣬ѼҲʰĺࡣһһţŨŨĽ֮顣ﻹ泩ӣ椶С椶۸
ֿεЦţԽЦԽġû뵽Ҹôءֻ붺ͷůġ
椶صѺ֪Ҫôݣſ˫ֱȻ¡ôôŬİŵ󣬻һȦͦСţ۾˵
С椶ĸ˵С첲ŻһȦȴһûȣᵹѵĻգգʹ۾£ееãȻѾ˾˽㶼ЦҲЦ
ʻţϣƮһĻЦ

ü£ֿǾ̿üҶ¶Ц⡣
£ţ׼ũ±֣ʮĻû±ˣֱȥԣԼ
ʱúˣԼĹŴǾúܿģңǸůļҡ

Ҹ̤³ͷ͹ڳͷϵӡɽЩҰʱ䣬ʱʱ꣬ɽﶫ࣬ɽޡ
ֿͷͷߣ̫˲С
ġҸЦЦݺȥҸϴ˰ɣ
ϴɣȡ

ɵС椶ĺ˾ˡԲĴ۾ӣСģɰˡ
ϲĢ˾ϴĢ̱ӵĴ椶÷¡
Ҹ֣С椶Ц
С椶Сȣֵֵߵ˽˾˾˻ֵÿֱЦ
ҸֿõŸԱߣݺߡɽﲻΣհɣ
û£ȫĺܡ
ֿž͵һȥɽɣŴ椶С椶ȥ
ʵڲϰ˵˵ЩҳҶ̣ҪôǼ飬һ˵ʱ˵˵һ㶼Ӱ첻ͷĻЬ״ӷ첹֮ģһ˵һҲܼȴУᰡÿξɰͰ͵ţԵر롣
á

緹ԵʰʰֿҸ˸䣬һǣһСѾͷغŴɽȥ
ųûãףͦĴкȥ
ɽ￴ֿЦŴ
ɽܣҽͼźüء
Ҳܵҵ¶æ¡
˵Ҳԣа˿ڼҲ
˵ŻԶˣҲûмġ
һֱɽ£в٣˵ߣԶˣȻȻͣ˻

ҹҲ꣬ϸ꣬ɽʪ֦ͷżˮΡ
ֿŮòñҸ
˺ܳһΣſһҰҸ˵ЩܳԣжģȴƯĽС椶Щ᲻ŲȣȴҲûп˵ҪǸܶµСѾͷе
Ҹϧ޵ĻժݸŮССһ仨Цرã·ϸ⣬

˽ɽ͸Ұ⽼Ƶģջû٣ҲҸ·˲ٿ֦á
椶С椶ȴúܿģϵЦݼûֿͣüۺЦ΢΢ĿģӻСܾڼó߶߶
գҸֽɽ˵粻ֿ˸ע㵱ܱߡ
ʱ򣬲ʱͻˣֻúһֻɽɡ
ɽϾͺҰ˼øöҸͷû£˸ţϪ˷ݡ

ҸǰŰȥִŶקЩߴɷһƵĴӸڴܻҡ˻ûݣȵõҸ⾢ֱӾ仰ҺùͳɡǱûּң͹ȥ޷
˵öԣ󰡣иӾ仰ͳɣ˵˻͹ĸر˼ҶпڳԵľͽԼңĸƫýųȥĹŮŮմˡ
һͷС˻ػȣ⣬Ҳ֪զŪģŨζֱ꣬е̲סˡûĸӣ϶޶ٷʢģͿˮֱ
һͷ˴磬붼룬Ҫǣζرã㰡ЩûԹġ

զ˹ˡֿˡöζ㣬ҪȻҲҸ͸ǡ
Ÿʡö㣬ҹζ֪϶óԡ
ͳԡֿ;ŮҲе˼Сʹ۶͸ŹųųζҸɽģҪǻҾֱӴүȥˡ
пڸ¡úٺٺٵЦ۳ϱϵö۲
ִûĴ¡Ҹûء
ǿ϶õҸ
椶С椶Ŷ̷˵ӶЦ

ִ˵Ҫ±ͰɷȥݣŴ椶С椶ӡ٣Ҳѧ˱ӣֱòãԱ߿ſŲС
ּҴһ죬Żؼҡ
ֿҲڶŮİ£ǳɹ±ڻ̿ڣζܲ˵úóԡ
տ±㣬һ˳ԵֱУ᲻ͣ£ߺ߳ԣ֡

զɶᣬզôð졣±óԣϱѧûУۻؼҲɣĻҪóԣ˵Ǯء
ޣִ᲻֪Ѱ˼ʲôҲᣬҲԣߵ㣡
ϱզҶҺáòþֹţȻ
˵ãҺáҺ𣿡ִָѡΪҲ֪ʲôҪ֪ǸǣԺ󻹶Բá
ǵͷһ¾ʧˡ𰡣ϱҸտʲôû˵ð۵ТТҿعڣǸðô
˵ִ˸ۡʵ㡣
Ҷʵ򲻻֣ȫ嶼Ҳڶˡûίˡ
ִô󲽵š




32.  32   رݣɿݣȴ

ʮ, ֿľˣⲻҸҲŸո, Ӷڳ˯, ûʲô־
Ҹ֪ĸҪæ±, ûµظɻ, Ŵ֣Ŷջ֮ġ
±úܳɹ, ֿ˾飬ͺЧʣ¶ǰн⣬ݶ̴Ʈζ, ʱ椶С椶Ҳˡ

緹ӵǧֱһӶ, ܴ໹н, ԽԽ㡣
ڵ±Ҳһֿ, С椶Ҳ, Ҹʹ椶Ƚϲ̿ڡ
ʣµ±ֽϸµĴãţ˵춹̶⣬رϸ, ϸӦûϲ
һųʳһ
ʰ׵һĿڳߣ, Ҫݣͽ費ţֻ·

ҲͷţҸżʱҪõţǮͷţţʡȥ衣
ֿ̫ߵۡöǮ
ճСţѰһҿš
ѰѰͷСţš
ȣҾȥ

һĿ˵Ц߱ģò׵ϣ̫ϸߣۣƵǳʱĩ
ֿ̾ţɣ̫ǴСѾͷֲܲҸһһ
ȥЪᡣ
ãȥɡֿӦţܾûôԶеۡ
椶С椶Թɵİš

ϱָǰʡ쿴ǲǶܼҵŮôеֲ̫񣬳Ҳ߯ˮ˵㣬סСѾͷҲ롣
Ķء˳ɷָȥۡ㿴˰ɣͶܷôȫĹŮ˵㣬ǲеħˣ
лΪʧءˣšԣҳţŮܷͦҪܿԱߵĸ˳ʲôͺˡ˵˵ţЦˡϱҹȥ
ʲôĻ˵⣬ȥɷ򡣡ҪߣǮңûǮô⡣
ֲɵһ˦ϱ֣ĲͷȿţһǮ

λӡ
ֿŽڶߵеګƣͷȥң˭ôе죬ϽֹѸļ䡣
ּӣǲּӣЦر硣ҰɽĴ磬ɽϱŮҴŮ˵ţԱߵСǴ椶С椶ɣԽԽÿˡ
аֿͺӦš¶أҼҴӽɺãЩûˡ
椶ϸϸĺ˾󲮣С椶ź
ǵķɽϱأҸϱ㶫ЪػǵˣôûҸҼȥԷôɽϱӣ϶ˡ

ҸԶԶؾͼиеĴĸ˵ӣʱͼˣȺ߳塣
Ҹɣþò˰ñҶˡֺǺǵĴк
ֿԱš椶󲮡
żҴ硣
ЦһȥҼҳԷ
󲮽ǲˣǵøȥءֿӡţû
ˣͷͣţ̫խҸС椶ǣŴ椶żҴ磬ˡ
ֿЦЦӽڶ

վԭأȭͷص̾˿١ζˣе㣬͸ζйɵ㣬֪װʲôζţ϶Ҳرóԡ


ʲôأ˰ɷ䡣ڿأŮľôÿô겻ģϹǸƨ˼ҶŮˡԽ˵Խѻ֪вǸöƽʱԸ϶ûٸɻ£ҪԼ˵죬֪͵͵Թ±ζ
ƺܲ˵гϱ˸֪ۡʲô֪Ϲ£ԼֶŮϲƿˣƲֵ̯ȥ⣬ּ±ζһʱ鶼ûˡ
ʲôãգװ̣û

ʲôԼֶŮϲɵˣϸŸոտСѾͷ۾ȻɴѲɣǶܷŮôܣſɱӻҪˮ飬ǮֹѸǷ˲ɣøҵĽƵģвǣǮյûţҲԣ²İӸˤˣ޵ĹŮ۵ýпͰͶʹ˶ţŮʲôء
ôһ룬͸Ƶģþܣ̫ˣ˵ܡ

ʲôأţϣֿĥ˻ᣬûĥסǰˣǳкҲûӦģε˹ˣ˹ô顣
ҸҲûסżֵܣ˶ʣһһ˶٣˵˾䡣ҪּܷҾͺˣżңֵֻҲܰӹ
żҪּҲסֿûż²ݣҲûɡҿżҲͦŵ㶯͸Ͻ貹ͦãǶŵ㣬ż˿Ͳ̫ƫġ
Ҳֻˡ

ţѣرãЩţļҲȥˡ
ֻ͵ڣ˴Ǯˡƽʱǻ͵ſڵġ
ֿڴ˳û·
Ƽݣںùãùá͸Źɻϲž˿ġ

˳ֿЦüᣬӲҪӣҲ˳ָүүɺã
еСԣԵû֮ǰ࣬ã֪Ҫؾˣ̫ҲԸݣڽⲻɹˡ
˳Ұֵߴ˵Żر˷ܼ

˼ſڣҲͣĻùãҸ󣬴յүүߣСĺүùúҸˡ
ſ˯ͷۣ˻ᣬ·ſ壬ȻЦˣҪˡ
ֿҸæߵߣס˫֡

ү
໨ӳС˵Ⱦ˺˵еˣʱʱĻ
𣿡ֿʡ
໨˵ţҡҡͷȴû˵شŰˡ
ֻֿӷۿȣ΢΢ͷŲᣬ˻ᣬŵ֪ˡתͷͶ˵ϸףϸϸ˵˻ᣬЦſڡ˵±͸㣬ҪҪ
ȡͷͷرݣɿݣȴصסŮ
վԱߵ໨±͸˹ȥ㳢ģպأϲͶԵ㣬һӡ




33.  33   и

Ǽ˹Ů, ǹŮĳʳ⣬ͷ̵س˸̿±ֳ, м仹˱¿ˮ, ͽ˵, ǳԵһء
ҸҲûȥ, үߣͷץ, յúܽܽ·ͻƵġ
ֿ˵Ҫ緹ͷķ֣ǵ˫͸ŨŨĺɫ뻯Ĵ, ֪ʲô˳أȫǲ, , ᲻üӡ

໨ʹڳţ߶߶˵Ż, ͼõ, ҿԸȥüڵߣ˵˵ơҹü, Ķȥ죬ֱӰᵽ˵Ҳֻҹ￴, ˯ŵʱԱšڣĻ࣬Ҳŵסţ˲١˵˵ţͿʼʡ
Ҹ˵һᰡȰȰأھͿాţæʱ򣬿ô죿ۿô죿ңȫÿء໨˵úЩҪ˵̫ף֪С

ֿţûлӦ
ʱͦᣬŶʮͣԵûʲô̫ĸ顣ŵʱ򣬴δүүҲܽͲ硣
ʱʵʲôоûУ֪ĪֻˣֹѸãȻ
·˯һֹֿѸִ˹ŴûֻǴԽˡ
¶˭˵أûףҲȥ롣
žͺãžͺãʲôá

ڣߣϸ׾Ҫˡ
ֿϸŨĺֹѸϸףλϸܵ顣
˸ɿݵ֣֣һӿѸ٣ûû񣬾ôһ˸ɽ
ֿǿյģտյᵽһ˵ãȻͺƽʲôûУȴûҲ޷˼һͺܰޡ

ûп໨ͼ߶߶˵һߣкܶܶĻ˵ﲻסˣడ
ǰ˵ɽƽ飬ɴȥҾһȥˣæһ죬ò˵ƽصҲ֪һ߰ͳ¶
´ӹڳ緹˳ŵӶŵܸܵ棬Ҳ֪ôģ˵ǿֻè׷ȥˣĸѸ첲ˤˡˣﻰⶼԹ͵棬˵ôԺٴӹڼúõģѼҾ͸ˤһˡ
˵ĵˣ˭ҲûͷڴĬĬĿޣһؼңͷʪģ˭Ҳû˵˸ܡ£Ҳܣ춼ģҲ֪Ҫż˵㻶ϲ
˵¶ôô࣬ɲɵģһȥˡ໨رۡҾе㵣Ĵ£Ҳ֪첲ûУȥңҲûӸŻԹ˼ء˵Ƕġ

ֿóӸɩ۾˵ȥһ˷Ҿȥһˡɩޣֲʲô£һ׮׮һۣȥġͷҸȥӴţֱԷүҾȲƽմˣסЩӡ
㲻ȥ֪ôġ໨˵ŮҺȥӣŹһأ֪һٿԵʮǮ͸ˣֻû˵Ѵ¸ʹ˳ӻң°¸˵ˣҰʵǧĪѧȥ
⺢㲻֪˻żӴúãŷ͵͵ǮֻҪͻǮҲҪߵʱͷֻ֪һأҾ͵÷һӣĸǮ
ðţĲһڵʱҿɲģҪȢ½ʱжڣ֪㣬ÿũæľ͹æƽʱû¿ĺܣף˵˵㣬ҲԴһ߰˵ͱ䡣
ĺڣҪ֪ôĸΣҾͲѴ¼޹ȥˣ۴¶ðǻȢСкü˵ôƫƫѡңѴˡðܣҺ˴¡

ֹѸļ䣬Щ£ɩҲδ˵Ŀˡ
ֿģƱ۰
ûˣءɩҲУЩ˰޷ǾӺãŸͷϲȡֿϸϸţҪô졣ﲻ㵱ĸҲŮҪôô»ҴţҪҹòãҲǸҸݣҲ£˺˺˺롣
һ˵ײ룬ɸ̫˽ǣӽͰͣڶ࣬ǮȢϱɩҵģ˵Ӳ㣬̫ҵ¡͹ˣ򴺻֪ô¸ŶѧŶŮĺܣʵʵƨҷš

໨һһ㶣òګګ˵ֵ̫ѿܹ鲻̫ðɣⱲӻء
ǶѿʲôֿЦɩΪ뷨ҲŻһٶͷϲȡ˶٣Ĵɩļ򡣡ң
໨ʶľӦţȻСؿûأ
֪ˣӺùúܣһһˮ飬Ŷˡ
໨ŶЦˣǿϣ㡣ǣ۹ȥɣأȺúðˣҲ֪ٹ˺ã˶֣ѩ϶ܹǲ֪»᲻
Ǿȥҡó޵ĹŮؼҹڻ˲ɣ˵ﻹиڣôҲùҲ£Ǿͽôˡ
Ŵ׺üۣ໨·𿴵ţþ̤ʵ˺öࡣȣõġ

Թ緹ֿôȥ棬ϸסڳ˴ɩ߶ĥŰɣиҪȻôĺʱͦ
˯˵˵ֿڴǰ͸СŮƵģ˵
ͷЦЦůůر飬̧̧֣СŮķǵˣҲ˺ü꣬ﰡ⻹СŮŻſŲС

̫ǸˣǸʲôҿžҴŴɩȥҳڶΪǼҺ۸ءֿ˵ţӿҵºúõңﻤأ£ŮҰӵģҪ㽲Ůң൱
ͷľֺǺǵЦˡ

ЦǲǲңҲӹǲҪˣҴһȥۿŮжǶ˵ұﻹҪףҶأڶҺǺҿ죬һƽմ壬һ·ϰ࿴ȸҴкģ˵ĺܡ
ֿž˵Ҳ֪Ļ˵һʱ
ͷ˯һ໨¿ˮȥʱͷֹɫ˵㣬ϲòҪᣬݺȥɷ˵




34.  34Բ   һȥŮС

ʱ, ͷ˰뷹С˵, һֱЦ, Ǹһźͷӡ
ﱦȫϴʱ, Ҹȥæ, ƽʱ˳򰲸֡
Ǹ죬ڵ, ϴ촵ˬ椶С椶Ҳϴ, ү˸æ£Ȼ, Ҳʱʱ۳ǰ

Ҫܶܶ, Ļܶࡣ
ֿ, ŴɩĸŮ, ޳һЩƷҸҲԻ㣬Ҳͷæ˳Ĳ̣ɹһ, Ѿ͸ˣСÿãһһǶѡŸȦüǰ, £һֱţڳ

ϸϸĻʰĲ࣬ɫȥϴ裬ϴ˳ְ·Ҳϴˡ
˳ҸѧԼԼҲӸĸס
ﱦȫЦüۣӺҸţԽĶ֪

һ˺öࡣ໨ڴϣҲȴż˯ߴŹǷ˵
ǰˡﱦȫ棬̲סЦ
໨յɷϸϸ˵ڳ˵ĻҲô˵أҾðɣ˵ͦԣǲ̫ʵŲˣ㿴ⶼʲôˡ۵Ǳˣ
Ƣ꣬ܲסﱦȫƵ˵ţǰģڵʱ򣬸ֻĸƵģ޲ð˶ߡ˵˵ţѹߣþͱ飬ǱƳģûãסǡ

໨룬ɷҲĽᣬĬĬĺ󱳡ҿͦãţҲԸôòٵģҲֲף˳޵ĹŮǡʵʱҲͦޣôѧƢأý˵ΪûǮԹкޣҲţ³е
˲䰡֪Ҫôݣ;ã̫ѣ̫˰

ֲģʲô˵º룬Ҳߣҹӣһܹȥ˵ԹøáǹȱѪԣָָ㡣໨̾˿˵öԣҾ£ҲңҺ˴°ĿŴҶվ󣬴ĳ˵
ǲȥַôǲǸǹӣòŹ˼ЩˣҵĴ°Լòãż⵱ģȴסˡ

ﱦȫ§ϱôǾô
ˣȫҪǲĹҪǶԴ²ãҾô»ʱ򣬴˵лǱӡֻҪºúõģҹܲ˱ô룬˶úãҾ֪ˡ໨ֲϵᡣ
ǰ˵˵ȥǲȥ˵˵Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ҪûǾȥҡ
ҸһȥѴ
ۿɾ˵ˣͷô˵Ǻúù໨е㲻ġ
ﱦȫЦˡôˣ㻹֪ңģİաϷޣǻƵģСسϱĶͷ¡˯ա
û׼Щ฾˵رа˳ͷҲøѶ
˯˯ɣȺú˯رࡣ
Ҳԣ˯ɡ

໨㹻׼ŽгӲҪʱʱľ͸ͷ߶ţԼйֱ˸ӡܵӣӽֱͦˣӻѪԣܴ˵
ųʱĩͼŮŹŮˣﻹģһֽһݣĺš³±˵ϳʡ
໨û뵽⾹ȻŸЦϴգʲôҪô죿һʱеòˡ

ɩˣֿüЦ̤ɨ۽ǵЦƶˡԭء
£ЦáúãСݽڡ
һװģĹҾũСô
𣬿ɵס񡣡ֿϽܿ룬е㱾£ѹס˼±أûдõķݣЦƵš
ɫġȻеģǲ֪Ҳڣûأȳţȥ˭Ҳ˴õķݣ˵ǰɡ
ﱦȫǵͷҲҡͷҲǣܾã˵һźϴЦզе㲻þأϧӱ벻Ķþ
ɶȥɱѼˡ໨һЦߡ
ﱦȫϱˣҲ˾䡣ȥð˵˵

ֿһӣ½ݺûô˵Ӱһԡ
ղŶ̶̵ļ佻̸ֿ˴ŵ˽⣬Ͳ㶵Ȧ˵˵ѧôӣ¶Ҵˣҽ̸ġ
ԭǴõգ˼ҲɡЦſ˾䣬˸ž̸£Ҳ̣ͷǮô
ôֿҡҡͷҪǮи÷ӣ벻֪
밡ֻҪԸ˵Ȼ롣ӦţԵúܼ˷ܡ

ֿ˻ᣬΪյ˵ﰡǴҲ˵ֻ˰ɣҲ̫ġû˵̫šüͷеΪѵӡ
⻰ʲô˼ﳶǣЦеǣǿ
Ҳûʲô˼ֿ˾䡣Ѱ˼Ѱ˼ȥţûҵհɣ簡㱥ڸ˵պáֺǺǵĳݡ
ޱĿıӰȻ󣬻ͷû˵ϱǣЦе䡣˵飬̻Ҫ׺ҿţǱ̼
µͷû

áӳ໨˹ȥЩǡûʲô°ɣ
û°ֿЦˡɩʱˣǸϽæɡ

Լʱ룬ѩźӻˣЩ㡣һѩɷŶӣߣӽæŴе⡣һء
ţ˾䡣
ãզôʢأ
һᴺҲ갡ڼԸġֿӦš
ѩʱˣЦ񡣡ˣҾͺþúþûӣ̫ѵᡣ

˵ŽţŴӷ
үݽ˾˾ݽɤ˵ɶԵء
ӿС̲סЦ
˶ˣüЦкǽݣ˲Ķ˲ϸ±ȵȣֿģһ̻±ζϲӣҲǱزٵģԵĺȵ
ͦݣһ¾ͼӵһȥŮĸͷҲ˳ףֵĳ棬ϵЦһֱûͣ




35.  35¼   Ҳ˵Ҫ

˳⿴ż, ֹˤš
¼ҵĽӶ꣬ʹ椶ͬ, , 椶Ǿ¡¸, С椶С, С椶ʮһ¾
ѩĿǰֻһӣǸ
ͷ, ӶҪ˵ȴǴ椶£нģ
ͦá

ͷ, ﱦȫҲûµظɻҸһкĸŮ
¼ҵѩҵɽ, Ӽҵɽ, ҵĽá
ķĴİŻ±̣һ߸һ, ±̿ڸ, ̶춹̡ͷǰССҲųʳּõֻСɵˮͱӡ

Ҷó, ζ֪϶աЦЦ˵Żü͸ŵ⣬ɽû, ̫ţϽҿ䰡հ±ζȲãӴͷ¶ǡ
ȷʵ㡣ɽͷ
÷˵ãһе㷸ӣƺơѵþһ飬ȺһҲɰա

Сһȣ±ζһԸɰ͵հͼ֡
ô˿ھƵĽã˵ˡĸգû׿ɣưǸոպð
ɽĴָ㣡նһ֡
±ζûţûô㡣ɽֺǺǵ˵Ż
ﱦȫ˰ϲԾͶԵ㣬Ͼ±ˣﻹвء
ȫȵù±ζհǮĺӪء˵üˡҸ۴ôõգɲûˣȫȥ￪±ζꡣ
ҸָָԱߵ±͸㡣ٳ±ζҲǲ١
Ͳ֪˰ɡһ裬˵رҼĸҪǮ൱ף緹֪ˡϻذ㻹ǵðɡִɽļϡöζǾ˰
ǵüǵáɽͷδҼҴܶϲԡЦţöֵ˼̹

ﻶЦǱߣӴ¶ѩĸϳ˳
޵ò࣬Ͳ¹ȥȥɣתѡģֿơȥվҲãҲУ
໨Цˡǳȥɣ;ġ
ԶԶԣţ˵±ζ˵˵ҲǺõġŴգ۾ԼҴ졣
յ˵ĻѰ˼ҲǸѵõĻᣬһһߣһ䡣ѩ±ζ±Ҳܡ

£Ű˳ȥţӽǾУȥȥɣͷأҲȥǽЩʲô
ǣǾͽȥˡ˳ȷʵհ۾żӣȴŶĶ
ȥȥɡܵסӣЦ

˳Žݣ˵
˵ӰҼҲڿǮﻰ˼е㲻þĸƫƵģĸأҲһܿس޵ĹŮҲ̸ǣҸҼͬûּҡ˵ÿϧˡ
ɽԱ߽ӻûּңѧ˱Ҳûá
զûأɽ̫ס
￴ɽ·ڿһɵӡǮ¶ûּʲôϵ
йϵɽ챿֪ҪôͣԱߵ÷

þһǶı˵ûּң϶ǲеġǮƵϽǮòԼиƨá˵һʮǮȴѾĺܣһൽſһʱɻûּң㲻ɻͷĻô죿̯ˣֲɵǮֵԼ
ĸﵱ˵⻰ʱҲڳģջ𡣵ʱ;ãĸ˵̫еˣµôᣬϽֵ԰һ

˵ҲԡɽֺǺǵЦţɽͬƵġҲģ
ɽһ¾֪˼ԡûּңԷɻһ飬ǮȻҲҪţи¶š
ҼҲǣƽֻҪͷɻͺáɽӹʡ
ɽҲûɶּҲּҵͷرϵ˵һûһĵͦ硣
˼˸ۡɵӡ

ǲģ˾䡣
СӣЦˡȻǲ̫ͬҪȻҲܸǮҡ
⻰һͷﱦȫϵЦʱͽסˣ˳Щ̫ڡ

ҸšüͷҪ˵ùĴЦ˵أҼҴզôТ˳ĸأԭһء
Ӧõġɽ˵ɽ˵˾䡣ۺã۾͵öá
Žãɵ黬
Ķⳤװģĸ̾˾䡣
˲ͺˡ

ҿû˵㡣óţ˾䡣˵ԼĸҺãţпڳԵľ͵ңеǮҲңҾ;Ӧõģͦͦţϡ
˵⻰ãôһͣڵøˡ
ﱦȫߣŰŮԲϱ˵ĻĬˡ
ƫƫʵɽ˾䡣ȷʵҪãҪТ˵С
˵ýģǺˣҲѹǸϵšҸָ
ɽûˣ˶Цˣͷ̵ء
ɽɫ̫ԣҲе㲻þֲֹոɣ֪˵ʲôŴҲ˵Ҫ
ǵļҶʱסɨˣ󲽳ݡ

µĽüޱ໥ۣ˭Ҳû˵
˻ᣬƴ¡ǿӣû°ɣ
û¡ǳǳЦ̬ݡ
⣬۶ɲ١
һ쵽ŷơ˶٣Ȥ˵ǿӣ˵е˼
ĺܡûɶϢһ쵽ųԣ͵ſɣͷһ׼ǰֹ
ѩ˾䡣ֹɶ
ɶס˾˼¡¶ò¡ԭӡ󲻺ãôҲľľګګԴӳԹķˣͼˣ֥ȫϣҲõ㡣
⻰ѽüˡ
˵óʳҲл˵ҶԼҽãҲòż⡣ҷҴܣΪſڳԵģ˲٣沶ࡣ±ζö׮³˵
ĺܺáѩ˿±Ž֪ô㣬ԽԽ㡣




36.  36   ƽʱûҡ

˸, ɺ֣֮ǰҪгµĽü, Ҳ˵Ц߶, ſˣļ׷ҸЦ, ͸ŨŨϲ찲顣
Ψ, ߳ݺûطȥ, ѽ˫̥˯ĲŸڵЦüˮΡ

ﻹסʱ, ƮŨķ㣬Լ˵˵ųԷ¶ƫƫûκ߽ڵ, Ҳû˭, ·Ĵڣ벻û
ԭͱһӻ, öֱ˦ˡ, ҪߣҲõǵ棬֪ԼķŭϢ뿪, ԵСǱ

ѹסǻŭĬĬصš
ܻ˹, 緹
緹޵ôʢζҲԣ
ֱ˦ˡ
ߣһ˺żһҪǿŴܿʱ

ĬĬͷһһıĳɫֱ䡣
վſڳɤߺ˾䡣Էˣ
µҳ̵Ľüæİ꣬˲˵Ķ˲ˣһæòֺ
ſˣĺǣ椶ģĴȥϴϴ
໨ۣûʲô£Ҳûǡ

ͷ󲻺ʡ
еһŮһСŮԷ
˵˷ʢȫû˵󻰣һȥŷ·ȫǻˣϸЩǴ磬Щǻش䣬һŨһ
һͷϾͿʼ±رζ
䣬ͷ⣬죬һͷĵ磬õǴװŮԶ㡣
ϸ׳ԲԲؿڣֿͷ±ֱСݸţʣµٽ˶ֻ±ͷζҲǷǳ㡣

ͷĸˣеŹǣŹ⣬ֿ̯ģ̫ɾ˼ǮǺ⣬ɫζȫʶ壬ճʱڳڣûס͵͵سһС飬ƴʿˮ˻ԡ
ߵ㣬ۻ㶹ͷϲһˣͷ۶ȳ㻹Ҫϲ
ڰ˵ǼڸзʢޱռҲһ裬㣬ǣȴǸζŴȫͣ죬ڳζ
ھŵʮˣ峴ʱߣ˵˿ʴˬںǽ塣
Ȼ嵭ŹζŨ̲Ѽ

ȿƷʢʵϸϸҲûǮ
Ҫͷ˳һ˲֪ҪôŪִֿˣⷽȽϤ
Լģڴģ۸ˡŹͲӹǲ˵ҲѼ廨Է˵Ǯ˶ԼҲ԰ժҲ˵㣬Ǻܶࡣ
໨㹻׼ỨٶǮһ㣬ҲһٶǮ
ͳɫζȥϯ棬ûĵǮﹻ

ѵõְﱦȫһˣЦ۽˲ӣ˶Ծ˲١
ǰÿƵӣֿµϲ죬໨̲סۿ̫ѵˡڣԲԲҾãǶӦúһڡûô룬˵ˣɨλĹɨ˵Ļؽ
ֿվüЦĵӦúһڣоƣǰŷ룬Ⱥһڣ꣬Է
ơ˳Ĵյ˸ߡơЦЦ
ﱦȫﲻӵ˼˾ǰɡУ㣬ȵ
գ˳߸˵İƣȴүүʼűݶֵԼʱںͽ˵ĸףĶĶ൹˵㣬ܵҲˣֵΪû֪Цţһľ֡

ܿ죬Ƶˡٶ룬վͷҪվţɶӺҷȡ
Ժ󰡣ԽԽã˳ûû֡ͷС˵
һˣСӣԹɣ˵˵꣬ЦˣЦߺȾơ
˾ƣͿԿʼв˳Է
˲˷
ôúó԰
ŹǺ㣬⣬㣬ôģ֪ŹǾȻôóԣʱһζûС
úóԣе죬㣬ڳԼ⣬ֱȼŴζá
˶ͷԷ˵Ҳʵ̫óˣЩ̲ס߳Աš

Ũķ˳ŷƮԶڲݼꤵζʹǿ꣬һʿˮʱʱſڿȥü佹꽥
ǾȻȻѹûͿˣ
̫۸ˣ
ˣǣŲԼȡ̫ˣƮζʵ㣬ָζûɫ˵緹жʢζжôĺá
ûŹôķˡ

ߣǲߣ
ȥԷѾʼˣڽȥǽȥǴ˭֪˻˵ʲô̱
ߡߣߣߵĻĬˣտյģƺǧء
̫ˣΪʲôôķˣ
ĿżŤ˫սȭͷͷ֡ĿĶſڣʲôް㡣
ﹾ๾ĽУͣĽУ̫ˣӣӣ޲ø⣬ȴƴʿˮ
˻ᣬ˫磬Ϣή٣̾˿
ˣȥԷɡ

ͨˣҪݳԷԼƮŨζŬĵ
̤ӡõãǳԵô㣬û˷һû𣿡˵ţɽԡ
ߵʱҲû˵ҪȥҸ˵ţֵŵ˷ܻλá
ǣֲСӣԷһȦҰСֹţͿ˳ۣϧӲ죬һʱڿ죬ͷӲù
˳ҪҪȾƣҸ㵹㣬ղǶˣûϡ
ҾǵתȦǴˡ˳ҵﻹΪиѿĳ棬ͦƣʱ˿
ţЩˣҲС

һˣԲȫ¶һ컰˵رԭͺֵգǸңЦϡ
ԱŮüȫЦӣҲŴȤǲ̫֣Ǻܿģı֣ҪݶƷ˰㡣
״ǰۡƽʱûһʢء
˵ֹѸźһˣҲ֪ԵģŹ㣬߿ߣⰡˮˡ




37.  37²   û׵Сƨ֪

δʱ, 滹ͦȣʰ׵
˵ҪȥͷЩµæ
˳ţǻȥ໨߳˵, ĹŮʱ, ͷжæ, ˳򰲸ţͻȥ, ӣżҿ, ٻй˼
Ҹվӻ˳˵ƣҺһȥ
㣬ǵȻȥţ˳ֺǺǵˡ

ֿЦźͶѩ˵ʱ, ǳЩȥûϵɣ
û¡ɽЦҡͷ̫ɽǰؼҾС
ʱﻹȤ˵Ҫû㲻ķ, Ҳûóԡѩ˵, Цĳദͦá

ʹŮ˵껰໨תŮ˳, ðǻȥ
òšѩûҪ, ķҺʹķȫ¡ͦ鷳ġ
໨ԭҲֻҪ޺ôŮǱ߾Уø˵Ůһˮƽ¹ǹǺûǻ, ʱǳûʲôӾܻи⻰еġҲûʲô£ǻȥ, ŵ£ܲܶЩۿҪʮ꣬Ƶģûûû㡣˵ӣͷ
ŻûôϵܵܣѩҲû˵ʲô

˳ţţҸ˳ߣһţ
վĿţ뿪ֱŽ
ԺԴºõ㡣໨߶߶šҪʵ˵ء˵ţЦǴа취ôţҲû¡
ֿšɣӶֳԵ㡣˵ֻҪȣǾͿԲôȥԴԸš
ƢһĴ󰡡ƲƲ졣Ը˵
Ұصһֱ飬Ҳǽ죬ˡǰǵסߡ
ԺҪ߾ߣߵҲƢˡ
ĻֿЦˣЦο

ţϣ˴ûãͿˡҸ׼ʲôӪ
û˵Ҹشš
𣿡Բ̫ţûжʡҿóã±ζ㣬±֮Ҳóԣ˶޵رʢҪǮĻӦúף㿪ӾС
ҸӦòʳʹ˵밲ŸӪΪΪʲô˶һԷѲɾΪŹڣ
Ҫǰɡһ¾ͼ˾۾ЩģͷƤ
ڻ̫Ҹ˵˾䡣ĲҾðɣҪ˵Ļ㻹Ǻܿ׵ģϻ˵úãˮۼѡˣͲȥҡ
ͦͦšҸԿ䣬˰ɣģ
¿϶Ƿĵģ˷桭Ҹ¡ǰڣǺܲһ˰
Щﱻҭ˸ţԱߵϱҸкܶ£Ĳֻ档죬ߣ׻û˵ڡˣûף˵Ҳ̫

զˣţ˳˾䡣¾˵£ڵģҿţû˵
⡣ˡƨ㣬ʲôҲ㣬Ҫһƴָ֪֪Լϱôҵġ˵꣬յ˾䡣û׵Сƨ֪ƨ
Ҹû룬ķչ۱㣬Դﱧ˯ŵĸ·ûǵ˵㣬ʲôӦٿرƺ̫Ծ

Ҹţû˵˳סѵ˵ƢҲͦõӣǵø
еεҸͱܻ˸λãרĸţ
򡣡˳¡˵˵զ£ҽҪǲԣҸߵȥǣ㲻ԣϴҸ棬ԺúõĴҽ㣬ô˵ûͦһ¡
÷üͷϲӬƵ˵ǸƨëûСӣһȥһȥ

һ·޻ţĬľ塣
˶٣ͷӣǰܵܡһٶʮ£żݣÿһͺһ˯ӹĺܼѡ
ǻˡ˵ĸ˳˳Ҹһ¾ˡСӸţͻء˵껰Ժſ˳ɣôǸ˫ֵ̥զòһء

˳վ£۾¡ôˣϱȥ
ݣҸЦź˵ϴ˵£ϸԭɡ
Ϲü⺢ӳÿáϱͲʱӳ˵˾䣬ЦÿɿˡѵԸߡûҴиŮ͸úء
ǰøոҸ˸źӻݵ˽
Ŷʧ˲̫ҽЪˣϱܵܶЪŴ̫·
űЦЦӡ

Ҹ˳ûã裬Ъᣬǡ
ֻӦҲû˳
ţţҲԱšҸ¶ɵùңҿеĺܡ
Сʲô£þ˾˸ӻ
ɵüǵð
ҸŤͷ䡣һš
Цˣ죬ЦɵƵġ

˳еͿҸ˵ͷʲô£ǰɣȷʵãҲһ꣬Ų̫񻰡
û³ҸĥšǵþϸϸʣԸ˵˵Ը˵Ҳû취
Ͳý˵
˵ҸԺٿɣлʡ

˼ң˳Ͷһһȥ
۳ʱֿ࣬Ҳ׼ˣӴǻøظء
໨Щ᲻áпգͳɡսõ֣ԼĹǣ˴ãе㲻þ
ȼţ᷽ࡣ
ͷûһȥ岻̫ãŲЩӡֿ˵úóԷú˯ͷͷӣҲȥŮסģܿʱ࿴ۣ˵£ϰҲл˵

ûţɽ裬Ǿ·ߵϣȻţҸŴӷȥֿŴ椶С椶ʹһڡ
Ž壬·϶ʱͼվڴںȵȣǵˣȱؼңиҪ˵졣ϲɫ
ʲô°ֿţв²⣬Ůҡ




38.  38   ѽ׮

һΪءӶ˲, ѹӸ椶С椶糴ģִ㡣
ֿЦЦҵеԣͶһ졣
ϻ˵ƽȥû˵ĺܡ
Ҵɩȥ, ء
žͺ, ܿͻ, ˵顣ֺǺǵ˵, ȻЦѹɤ˵˵¶, û뵽ء嶫ͷָָ۴ң˵ȥ򣬸ʰʰӡ

¶, ôǰ˵
ֿȥϷչϧûǮ
Ӱ⣬ʱ, ̸ཻ, ˳ʣ費Ҫɷ, ʰ, ̨ȦȦ¡
˵˵ʰڣǼ򵥵ĴɨʰǸıڵ֣Ÿ󷽡
һ׮, ҿɵһǮƣҪҳǮ㡣

ֿôģҸҵ, ЩǮơǮȥҲôżһ֮صҸȵĿסϾǼжʱжżҿ¡
ҸĿǰ㣬㹻ĳɳռ䣬϶ԸгϢ

еķݣǸӣֹֿѸļ䣬ûʲôֻдŵϢ
ң˽ϷƽմСǴ˼ңƽʱΪ˴аԵżϲ£ػضȫԷ治ν˵ʵͦദ
ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣţûڼңҸ㣬ֱȥҡ˵ţ۴椶С椶ҪھȥӸġ

ֿ⣬̫ƫ仹šУȥҲá椶Ѽңǻȥûˣ˾˵Сʱܻء
ҼҶãûˡԱ˵˾䣬ϡС޶ζأﵹȤģĸ˵ɣ
椶˻ᣬգ۾ܸһȥ𣿡
ҲԡֿӦšȥ£кҪ£ܻ˲
ҴøߣҲȥܹԺܹԡ
ֿ˵ЦЦķӣһǴһȥɡ
⺢ӣ˵Ӻ⣬ƽʱСѾͷǲô˵ģͰԱߣŷֲˮ飬ܴء

Ҿڴ嶫ͷҹȥҲͼ·
ֿһǣһùС椶ߵú
ҵԺӣرǽߣǽԺЩƫߣȫԺֻ˰ȣиϺſڡ
塣
Ϻƫ֦ûȢϱү֪󣬾Ŵţ԰סÿʮǮʱﶼЦϺûûӣ˻帣
㰡ۡȻᣬҽȥͨ
Ƭֳ̹ˡȥɣ˾ͷ㡣
ֿлǣŮ߽Ժӡ

ˡ
˺ЦţСѾͷϲ衣Ŀڴ椶С椶ϡҴŮأˮ顣
СѾͷˮ㡣
кš̫ţϲͳԡ
ǻңŻءֿ˵ͦҲͷࡣ˵ңֱˣҲûȥ
˵ͦʰӣȥҿ
ھȥֿѰš
ĵھȥȥ

ߵʱСѾͷϵĸãԵݵ˴椶ǰ
椶ѣͬ⣬ߵЦŽӹ㣬ĵлС椶Ҳĵл
涮¡üЦ˵š
ֿºͺ͵ЦǣСѾͷࡣ

·ʱƼ߻ֵֵߵ˳ȥּأҲһȥҿ䣬Ѽʰ޵ر󷽣žͺ
Ҳ˵ģĳءԴ٩ĵ˵±ζر㣬رóԣҾŹ㻹ûζʲôʱҲգ
⻹򵥣ͷ޾ͳɡӳֿЦ
ֿȴûǰ㼱ԡ»±ζʱҿ϶Ÿһݡ

˵Ż͵ּǰ
ֿͳԿȴݵšˣ롣ȥ˳ˮˮһʱûճɣݡˣȴ㿴
áæģĴ˴ݣžϲôģ˼ɣһͷؼأѹ˵žͺ
û£Ϲĥš
ֿ׻תȦҸûȥԿԼ

ȦСϵĲˮҲտˡֿ˲裬˽ݸ˺ӡ
ʰ޵áЦӯӯؿ˾䡣˼ɣ׮£ӣûҴˡ
ͷӻࡣҪ˵ʮ磬ҲҲڶ˼ġ
⻰˵ͷͦͬô£ǰ˸լӣլЩϾɣʰʰǴҼСסδŵϱżҵĹŮ֪ģ˼ҳĹŮǲ̫ͬҿģͦʣأլʰʰޣҪʲôʲôֱӸ˵
˵ţͣ¡¶ҪúãǮƷ㲻õģ϶ԿСϱţûϲҰͷǮ

ôҶ£ֿȥңһ򿴿լӣپҪôʰޡ
ˣȴû뿪׮ҿ˳ûˡЦЦ۾г졣˼Ǯƿɲء
Ҵ׵Ҿ͹˵ֿ֪˼ڣ˵õһǮҼءٶİ⣬Ҳʵҳ˵˵ֻҪܳɹһ׮⣬ӾͿһǮ
ͷ¶ҶҶҰһ׼š

̵뿪ûãҸˡ
˾ˡ椶Ŵ۾Цÿɿˡѽ׮⡣
ʲôⰡҸһѱֳ۰Ͱ͵С椶һֱһѾͷȥ
ֿ˸ոչˣһȥȥլӡţϸ˵˵
áҸе¡Ҳ̫
û£ҽ㡣ֿƶ˵ҼҸԹܿͿѧᡣ
ҸЦˡһѧʧ
ܼ򵥵ġֿʱ磬żȸԼҸװⷽ飬ԼڵĲãһĴǳԴʼ




39.  39լ   ֿٴ߽

ܼ, ֿŪ˵㷹ˣ˿, 峴ǡ
·Ҷ, û򵽡

ҸԷʱ, ͱһһȥ˵˵ƺ, ûôʡ
Ҫǣò̫ʡ
Ǵ, ôˣֿϸϸţɩô˵·ģôһ, 濴㲻Ծɩﻰ˵Դ²ãȴҲûϸ˵ﲻãֻ˵º˵ĻԼ̬, һʼܺ, Ƣ˵仰ֽ, ȫûдǰľТ˳
Ҳ, ʱҲãϸ׸ˣͺĥô³, ֪ô

ֿҸô
㻵
ʹ˵˵ʱʲô̬ȡֵֿͷ治һ˵ԭ, ǸսӵĻϣһ˳㿴鵽Ρ
ҸͷҿرǮرҲѡ
ƤͦŻƷɿĻһѵҲ޷ŮͷֿҲе㿴ͷҲУǵСʣµɽɽԸͷɻ
˳ǸԣộһصӦҲܵ¡

˵椶ʹðĳԷ
ȫزˣȽ嵭СѾͷɳԵ磬ϸģ˹ĵĺܡ
椶вʱҲе㣬С椶Ǹرɵĺӣʲôͳʲô꣬ԷԵÿɺˡ
ˡС椶СС˵׷ǵøɸɾ
椶õ룬ЦЦ
극С椶Ҳû꣬ʵʵλϣԲĴ۾ѣֿ˾ˣͷٿ㣬֪ɵʲôЦеߡ

ֿʰ̨Ҹʳٻϴ衣ɫãøʱ䡣
ߣҴȥҸ첲оһֱһԵرɡ
С椶§˾˵ĲӣֿЦţ椶§ž˾˵ļ򡣱һ·Ž£ҲûǣţǰͷߣŻᡣ
̫ɽϼɢеر
Զвٴ߶˵ЦţŻûϴ裬ر裬пЦ¡
ҸǰˣŮôԼҺӺá

ֿæͷ£վݽǳɤӺϴˡ
ѵ椶С椶֣С첲СյܣȻ˷ܵ˽ѻЦúǲá
ûϴͷϴͷСֿͷеʪӸոͦá
ӹϴͷϴһҲôʱ䡣ϧûдͷֻøɾϸϸزţеʱˣֿ椶ͷ椶С椶ͷ·Ǽܺ£С椶Цͣ椶ҲЦƵЦ衣
ϴҸһ۾ͿµֱߣʱˣЦ˻ᣬŵȥϴ裬椶
С

峿Ҹľˣųͷµظɻʱ࣬ŴҴһؼңǡɸϳԷ
Ļæûֿ̫ͷ
û£Ļ鲻˵¡
æͺ˴֣ǮҲøҲСɲ̫ƴ˯ʱ˯ֿ⺢̫ƴʮﶼʣУִŸճأܳͷ
Ҹůġ֪ġ

Ժʱѽá֪ҸȻҲȥӣָţţֿҪġ
ţҪ죬˺ֿլӴִֵĿ˱飬ҸŴӵ

˶ֿˡڵĲҪƫ»ƫ
ӦûϲЩķݰɣũҳнյĸӣǿԼɷƴġСϱܸϲԴ͸ʶ֣˵дһֺأҼѴΣر嵭һŰʹϲ˵Ҳƣرദ
˵ԼСϱ˾Щֹסž˵˲٣ü͸ŨŨĻϲ׮£˵ʮȫʮĸ֡Сϲϲء

ֿϸϸţһĹ˼żСҸ䣬˵ĳѰһ
Сʱ˵ˣֿڲãҲ˴ŵ˼·
ԵЪ˻˻衣
ֿٴ߽լӣһһϸϸ˵Լ뷨˵˼
լӲʱ룬µ³
ſʼһ㣬ĵһôҾ߿ʼҾߵĴСʽôڷţ齣εʣܣӼȵȣͷѧʴء

ֿѧƣִͨװޣԹŴ˽ⲻ࣬۹⻹ڣҲܰլӲóЧȲĴ˼ңȴҲԸóҪúܶࡣ
һദֹ֪Ѹе汾£ҲͲˣǷĵԸŰ죬ߵСѾͷ£ҪǮĵطܸСѾͷá

ˣֵֿɣһڻ磬Ůĸ˼ǣŮ꣬ڵ˵
ŸϹͿ˳ְֵĽҸ
椶С椶ֿͻżңĥţʹ߰ɣǶƶ࿴ڼǿ

ĿǰҪֿ֣ûӹȴҸûⷽ츳
飬ҵţͣһͶҰķݳԣԵûͦһһĸ˷㣬ζݾ˵/øóԡ
ӹ÷ɿ죬գ۾͵˰µס
СµʱȥҸûĸʧְһḶ̌Ǻջġ
ֿŻ࣬׼֣ʼֲլӡ

ӵĸţųԹ緹ɷߵ߶ܻҡ
˵ҸڰҸɻأţͣڷܳԣźÿɺˡ˵ú漫ˡ
ֿǶ˲衣ǹΪ˵¡ĻҪ֣ȥȥ
ȥ붼ûӦˡ
ЦǮĺ¶ǣвȥĵ

֪ǻӦֿЦˡ¶Ҫˣҽʴүҹ죬ʹ˵ʱʲô̬ȣ
̬ȣе¡䲻ţ롣񡭡е֡šüͷĥ˵ʡͺ˵òԸɷƵģûʲôо
˵𣿡
ûаҡͷҲʣͲ˵һ䣬ʹһ䣬ʵöˣе㷳˵£ҵ¡
ֿ˼




40.  40·   ɩ뷨е㲻

ֿ׼, һΪŴµ£ҪĻĻð˳Ҹ
Լһ˻, ڼ椶С椶, Ҹȥ

˸СѾͷ, װլ, ر࣬СѾͷҲȫ, ЩʲõҸȥ̽̽۸и׶ʱٴСѾͷ½ӹ
СѾͷ, ͱļ۸ȥʱǿԽ۵, ͷ, ܽ¶ǮͿԶǮ֪è, Ҳ˵ʲô

ҲǵС˵, Ƥӻֿûж˵ֻ£ô, ôҽõϵϸ˸£ŮܱҸЩҸȥҲŮųų, ֱͦ˵˳㳤ʶлʱܸȴݡ
ĸôҪ齻쳣˷ܼһ˫۾ηü͸ּ㡣һҪãĸʧ
ֿúãԺⷽ£Ͷ

峿ֿҵţҶȥҸҲţϡ
˸ţ壬ҵţڣʵֻҪ˵ţĿ϶ȥ壬û˵ϵͷռЩС˿ԣ⻹ǵ㡣
ôģҲôҸ˵ɲֻΪ˴¡

໨ʱе⡣һ˹ģȷʵûСѾͷǲ¶˸ӵûյû˺ܶ࣬㲻̫ǡ
յˡֿЦȥɩҹ¡
°໨æʡʲô£
ֿеţϽšǺ£ǰ˸ף˳Ҹ
⣬⣬ӻʲôأͻĻ᲻ᵢҸ
ᡣֿ϶ӦšҰ֪˳£˵
໨ЦЦе㲻˼Ҷ룬żҸһԭͲף˳̫ۡ
ɩ⻰˵ģ⵱һ㶼ԸƵġֿȤ˾䡣ͷ£ҲСҲգҸͷģġ
ҸǸúӰ໨Цü۴飬Ŀⶼ͸ŨŨů⡣

ɩ߶߶˵лҳڴӣֿʵֱ̫ףɩ׵¡ۿС£Ǳʲôûӿɻù
⵹ûС໨ɡҳŰӦûʲô¡
ֿʡɩô֪ģĩˣЦ˾䡣Ҳѧһѧ
Ҳûʲô⺢Ӱɣƻ٣ͷ£ҲӲ˵ԭʱû̫עңÿδ»ңŮʱܻ˵Ҳرʹûʲô̸ż˵һ仹˿ѹͲӡ໨һͳԼҴŮңǵ棬Դ¶㲻ͷң֪ôģ

ѹͲӡ⻰Ҳ˵ֿŴɩ˵ﷸֹԭ´û˵ڷҹúòãҲû˵ò֮Ļ
ûС໨ҡͷšüͷƣСӣһӴ򲻳ƨѩҶܷģزס£ƫƫǴ¡˵ţص̾˿˵Ҳ֪ǺûǻŮ̬ȣڷҿ϶ģǶǹˣɷ򶼶Լûɫʲôָ˵Ǳӣһȫһһ쵽֪жٿİء

˵ֿͦûдҸıԹҲ˲УڷӲùɩǰԼͦãͦТ˳ô̬ȣʲôʱʼģʹûǲʲôԭɣ
ʲôԭɣװģȫװġ໨ԴŮӡر𲻺á׺ŶãԳԭΣ˸ǻ˳󲡣õӹǣǳ׸ˣڴϲС죬Ը⣬˳ǰѴ´ˡ
˵£໨˾Եرɥɢ˲١

ֿûôעɩϸϸطֹѸļ䡣˻ᣬɩҼǵã꣬˸Ҳͼ´ɣǲ̫ˡ
ճ£ϴʱȥأǻӹǻãֻػѡ໨˵͸ŹϲһǵãرˣŸһЦţ·ϣһֱ˵ŸҵļϱһžͻȻ˸ޣֻдͷ̥ǹŮƵģһֱ޵öﰡӹǰʱˣҺڶޣﰡҲͳ̤ʵˡ

ǴŸһģڴɩŮֿκ󻷾ˡ
໨е֣ȴҲû롣϶ôŸµ޶
ʹ°˳Ϊźӳİɣֿĥ¡С´ŸӣҲﲻʲôæ˵üء
˵ǳҲûô˵ƺǸйء໨롣ܹԵģӶԱ߿ţͲҰæ»˲ء˵˵ţƺʲô㡣֪иô°ҿ̫أҲȰ£׼޽Ҿҵˣܵҡ⺢˵ÿ˵͵ͷ˵͸Ƶġ

ֿĬĬĴɩҲͦΣļ򡣡Ҹ˵￴Ų㻵ʹ˵ʱʲô̬ȣ˵ͺ˵òԸɷô˵ɩҲô˵ɼº֮䣬⣬Ҳдġ
Ҹң֪¸Ǯҡֿԥ£ûǼ˵ɣѾ˵ɩ룬ٶʮˣûּңԷɻһ飬жʱӣСǸʱʱЩǮ

໨ţùɤ˵ðЩ£Ҳǲ֪Ҳ֪²ԣ⺢ҰŲ¼ô˵Һݲȥ˵ǰǺӶãеʲô£ֻҪ֪ˣܹæ¾Ǽãؼž޸ġã׺󣬾ԽԽͬˡ˵ŮԹĶࡣ
ɩ뷨е㲻ԡֿ˵ֱӡдȴøࡣȻ޸˺ӣ͸ðѼ˺ã¶׵ٹң룬Ȼ̫ˣҲ
˵ͨ⺢Ҫ˵ͨڱ໨۵ƣ




41.  41ĸ   ֣Ҷ롭

ɩ, ƫģ⡣ǵ˵ģšֿĽֹѸҲԼ, Ϊи, Ż˵, », ˵Ļǵ˵Ŀ, ԽԽ㣬һӻء
˵ͨԺ˵˵¹ܲס, ͶŮӣⳤ, , ܹ֪ģǲ, ɶԼﲻ, ԴԹԣǾ㹻˵³˵ǲô״̬, ܵȥ˵ҲûԲԣ

Դѵ໨Ƥûţҿӡ֪²ԡګګ˵, Σ첻֪˵ʲôá㰡ʲôҲ֪ڼʱرң˺ɻǵţģô˵ݻ
ɩҪף᲻˵ݻԽԽ࣬ܵûԼ˶٣ֻֿصҳţԴ»Щڣô¹òãڷֻãûǰ˵Ǽ飬ԼﲻǰľԴ￴ԴµĲãȴûп¶ͬҲûʲôô㶼׿˵ˣǿŲޣ㻹ǹŴ£ɩҪ尡ɲܷͿ

ֿһѻ˵꣬ĩˣɩҪãҹòããǿӺ롣ô»ң룬ҪҪˣҸԼãТ˳־ĴҲõˣԸ룬ˣܲţ
ֲŮŮҲҳôȫˡɩ˵ǽıģҸҸϱϱȫԸңɷӶں棬Ҹ۰׼ҹﶼ˯̤ʵ޲ýƽմȥ

໨Ŵӻĵ٩ͷۣ̾˿ʵ㲻˵ͷҲףǰÿؼԴ̬䵭Ǵ̣˾ر¶ðǱȽϹҶѡ˵˵ţֳĬˣ˻ᣬŵ˵ŮСްĺðСر£Ҫڣ˳ܲܳ˵ء
˵£ȫꡣ˳ڴֵ꣬ûȹһ̣ƫƫʱӹʹ¾ʹ޶˯̫ҹﲻ֪Ҫٻأѩùңʱӹۿġʱ룬û˳Ӳ֪жùء˳ǣ·ЦԼ档ң֪ʱʱͿˣҹȥ˷صأǱϲ

Ƕ˳۵ģҵŮЩĻ໨Ҳ֪أ̲ס˵˳˳ʱѲһһҹҶԼҪˣţҲãʵ̫ˣò׺̥ȴ棬ֽȥͳġ˵Ů¶ѩǳʱĵľӡ
˳ʱʮǸңò£տʼʱûݣ̫ãܲ˵ĳҵĴͷҵ֣һĺҡ֪ޣ˻ˣֻңҵ޵ӹò࣬µ߶ܸЩʡĻЪţŸɻŶѩҪõܵܡ
ѩ޵ʱҶûʲôоֻùˣҪޣǱ˼ҵϱеġ³ʱر᲻ã֣ҶɿҾڷҹòãʱҳԹĿͷǵö۰

Ǵɩʵĵֿ߱ˮģеڸոԼ˵˵̫ءסɩ֣ءȥ˵˵ҸǱҲҪ֣׮²һ׮£ÿΣ̫׵ĻͲæˡ
ɣƢеر໨ƽ˵šµ˼ûϣԹ֪ȥ˵˵ҲãǸҲ˵˵ģ᲻áŴӡ˵Ҷף᲻֪ɣͼһίõģĵĴŮ
ֿ֪Цŵͷţƫģûа취ȥ˵ɣºӵ£š
໨žЦˣЦúܿģü۶ࡣȥĵģܺúõĹӣﰡ׮¡

˻ңֻֿ˸緹ͻ˴
ôͻˣĸʱͦġڼ￴ţסһҲû¡˼ңģңýؼҾͻؼңؼҲԲûؼҡ
үͦõģҾȻˣæͷ£ȥүӹסӡ
¡Ļæʱɣ
Ҹǵ¡ֿʲһһó¨ӡæҵ£ȥү
ǣүʱһסİŸЦ
ֿı;ֺǡסס£ֻҪ޺ãһӣܣͷò˵Ҳ˵㡣
Ǳ붼׵ĲŻס

һֱ̫ҪɽʱҸͽòŻ
һݣþž˵Żǽϸϸع˸ȫΪ»ûӵͲżæ￴˿ԵѰ˼䣬ܵ˵һ죬˵ʶϤ·
ǷľʯˮȵˣԼȦӣһȥ뻹벻ǡŽž԰꣬Ҹų˵һھ¡
۳ɷֳܵ죬˸ѧŵ
βͿҪĽãĬĬصԴ
û뵽ֿ֮ǰȻ˵ϻȸţʱҲòǡ

˵£ֿȥҵ¼򵥵˵˵Ҹȥľ壬һӹԸ緹
ʲôеšСƤӱĻɣˣ˼߯࣬͵ôǮ
ֿ֪̿ĿʲôҸ֣Ҳ½ҽ̸£úúãһֱòãɾ˵ˡ
ġҿ϶ú£ŬǮԱߵĴٺٵЦǮϱҪզզ˵꣬ͦͦظ
ģ߳ŭĸ¡˵¡




42.  42·   ˵Ѷϼ

, Ӷ͸椶С椶飬رС椶, Цÿɿˡڵʱ, ͸ͦ, һû, ɻǵá
ǻϲϲţҸͽȥת, ֿкʰż飬˳㿴ĸӡ

ʵֿ̫ᴦġ˽¡Ҫôڣ֪Ҫô, ʱǼɩ˵еӷֲζ, ӷƤһͰӹˡ
ǲ, ΰ

ǲ֪Ҫô˵Ҳ֪˵𡣡ֿ˵ú, ŬóеĴĵΡҪϸϸ˵, Щ壬ҽΪʲôҪ˵Щ˵˵ԭ򡣡
ӹԭͲ̫ãͻȻ, һҰ⿪Ľᣬɢͷʳ, Ҳ˾񡣡˵ڣͷ˵ˣֿǷ֮䣬ǺûǲãҲܣϻ˵úã޳ܴͷ򵽴βͣǵ˽£ΪҲûȨʡǣǲҰ

ֿϸ׻ĺģͺüҲ̫áҲ»ޣӶˣһŹ˺ü꣬ⳤûӣô£
Ҳƫ˭Ҿ¡ΪһӺͷԹ㲻ˣԣ˭˭ȥƾʲôҵȥӼأд£Ѿˣ޸ӶôͲܺúùˣң˵۱ˣֱӺ롣Ҫ룬Ͱ˼ԸСҶһţǺ£ǸúӣôТ˳ңҲʧ˷ִţ

˵Ҫǲҵˣ͹ԸҹǰզզΣҲûйϹġֿ˵˵˵ţⱩƢסɲɲסˣ
ˣôŰɡ

ǻϲĹΪҸ˵˸
Ҹû˵᲻ְ£ɵⶼǹȥ緹ˣƾ޹ʵĺʲô緹϶Ҫ˵¡
߸˵Ľݣ߸˵ĿŴã͵Ŵÿڡ
룬ǿ˵ˣȴͷ˶
ʲô°
áѵ죬Թ϶ĴתŶƤ˵ʣ˰죬û׵Ļ
ҪǴ⻰˵ãҲ̫˵㣬ȴûֱ״飬

˰죬Ҳûȵ˵ʲôֿͷȻǲ˵Ҿ͵Ĭϡʲô죬ǹԸڣǧ𳶵ˣҪ֪ˣҷƢ
ʲô£ӾͲú˵߶˵߶ʲôǲ˵ģǳģڣͣͳˣа뱲Ҫôţ۶أĳ룬ҲԼҺ룬ĸϵãＦȮܼ޸˼Ҹϱ˵ǰͲҲСˣôͻҸûأ֪ҪҪеԼԼãҲĵš

ԹŴ⻰ԽԽζ
զȥԼдˡ
áɲô˵ȥˣ˵ȥ˵ʹ顣֪ˣԺҲʹˣҾͳƢҾүүȥʱȥңҵүүǸ˵ҶԲס

ֿЦЦЦúǴ顣ҼסĻˡ
ĸƭã϶˵Լ֤˵ǴʵƤӣѧˡ
УҾ㡣ֿӻ֡ȥ濴ӣҺʹ˵˵
͸ƵģϽߡǳˡ

ֿųĬĴ£ؿһᣬڡôǲԸ˵Ǿ˵ͷ⣿ǣҶ
ˡϸϸĻ˾䣬ƽûʲô
ǲˣͿô˵ֿ̲Ӧšôģ벻ˣ
û˵
ֿЩꡣˣãѵҲܸ˵˵ѵĻ˵ҲСԲ˼Ӷ£Լ£ҲϣҴš
á¿Ϊʲô԰ԼңңȴǲԣңҲҵҡǮģûǮԼǮøʲôԣ

ֿĻţе£źȷʵûѾˣǷޣǮҪôôҲúϾ޽ңסңеĻңҾãǮΪɷҲȨʵġ
ʹ¸ɰͰ͵ػţƽЩ̫ڡ˵ģǮԼš
Һֿſȥ

զˣ
һ⣬úʲôǶ
áٺٵЦҴС椶ء
ֿ˵תߣ˸ոյλ
ֻԼţ㷲߽ݣ۴ãֳϱķϱ鲻̫Ծ

˵ɡ̵ֿĽղźʹ½̸ݸ
꣬ϵЦʱûˣؿϱǱ䡣ȷʵ˵ǮԼš˵ԼţǴҵף˼ңҲӽͰ͡أǮһһĶûңһӶû£ãТ˳ûڸǮǮǹҶǮ׼ʵʲ
ҶˣãʣŮòɡһֱûңԸǮûҡҪԼ֣Ҷ֪ҪʲôʱⳤãҶԵ㹻˰ɣȴǶжôģӣӶͲ˵ˣǸŮޣϴʱûͣһ·ʮǮ
֪ѣҵͷΣɷͺӶں棬ҶأûжöģҲɵ˵ãǲ֪ΪʲôûǰôãΪĺ

ֿ¡ʲô˵ģ˵Ѷϼ£֮䣬ѹܰӦ£Ƶġ
ҿţôɩ˵˵С˵ţҲĺúøҸ£Ĳ˵ҪǿףˮȻ㣬ҲԸҸ¡
ֿۣеۡ£һҰɡܾã˵̫ͨе֡




43.  43´   Сʱúô˾͡

Ҳȥ
ֿºԥľܾҭˡΪʲôȥ⻰˵, Цˡ
û˵
ƢúܡųƺͲǼ, 첻˵, û, ܱһӻ𡣡Դ, ൱о顣
ֿ٩˾䡣ΪˡӴ, ûִô飬˵һӣʮû̡
ﳶЦЦ, û˵

ȥѵԷҵòдֿЦӯӯ˵˾, ⻰, ǳȥģûٴ¡⺢, , ҲûܣʲôŹֲŹֵģҲϹĥˡ
һĸ׽˹ȥѹɤСʡ, 㶨û
û㶨ֿҡҡͷ˾䡣㲻
ɶɵˡ㲻أզˣ
ֿ²˵
ȷʵ˵㣬˵ٿڡ

㲻ֿ׻ǽ̵˵˵, ŶŮ˺ӣúúỵ́Сʱ͵úúỵ́ףڷѴŲžͳɣ뷨ܲԡ
˵ˡôӵ𣿡˶١ѵҪѧ椶С椶ི̫˵㡣Сֹ˵ָϽôˣƽʱİ
Сʱúô˾Ͳòġֿ¶ŮԹ϶Ӳòӻʡܶࡣ㿴ĵŴ£òãҳʵΪ˻ԸҪͬߣֲñˡ
ͷ˵öԡԹ϶Щ¡Ҫ˺ӣҾ;ҽ̣̽ҽ̲ášüͷеաѧĽϸ¡
¶˺˵ɡ

˵ӣڵǰȥ˵ӹͦãٳҩˡ
ɵעţЩвܳԵĶÿŵֿ˷ֹѸļ䣬Ըûʲôģ߶߶Ľ
ϸϸţüۣͷůģЦеɵ
ԭ㻹˵ȥɻҿţͲȥˣҸԸŪǲ⼸Ǯ
ġ

ѡ
ֿͷſڣʴŮôˣ˵ŻҲ˹ȥ
ʪ˿ӡ
ȥͷߣݺ½㣬ûķء
ݳʪˣ
ʪһ㡣椶ϸϸ˵ţֱȻ¡
ʪôһ㣿ţ񡣡ô㲻ûͷ͸͸ˡ
ֿ˾䡣˸ɾĿӾͻһ£ͷ㣬϶ɹɡ
˿Ӵǰ˾䡣
ֵֵߵĳȥĺˡ
Ӷ±߸ӻӱߺŮ
Ӷĥĥ˹û̧ͷģηη
㿴ŵܵôʪˣ
椶ǰһ̣ûӶ︣öԼģ˵ԼҪԼ
С椶һС椶˿ӶžУСֶ̻Ҳȡ˵꣬Ѷӷŵ˵ϣʪݺߣʱԹŮ˵Ӷܵܿɲʪˡ
ӶССӦ˾á

椶ѣ۵ָ½ǣü¶ֽšѣǲˣ
ûСֿŮĶͷ
Цŵ椶С椶涮¡룬ǲҪȥ̶ӷҲСʱûӡ󣬲ûн㣬ôй򣬰˳ҲԸҪȻֱڿ
Ҿ;ãССԼ黹ԼȽϺáտʼܲᣬһḶ̌ȻҲͻˡֵֿҲû˭˵ĸͻʲôһѧġ
ִ˼ţ˵ûμš

һԵӶȻ˵ѣѧͷ椶˵ͷԼģС椶ĶģѧˣͲ캰ͷ
ѧҽ㡣ֿЦӯӯӦš椶ҲԽ㡣
椶߸˵ĵӶҿԽ㡣۾ҽ㰡ǸС椶ͷѽҵʱ򣬾ǸС椶ͷԱ߿ţ˾Լᣬžѧˡ
ͷС椶û̫ף֪ͷʲôЦ̵Լͷġ

ϴӹʱͼС椶Թɵڵϣ椶²ĽӶͷû˵ʲôɨɨŲԶɷͶӡڸʲôǸո𣿡
ڽԼ򡣡ͷҲû̧ĻšðС̵öãԼͷϴС椶ǸԸ򶼲ᡣ
µƳۡӸϴãʪ˾Ҳûû
һؼٽ̡
²꣬С椶ʮһ¾꣬Ĳ˵򣬱¹ĸ壬ĺӾûһԼ򡣡
⻰ﲻǱˣ̣ѧᡣӶæô£ʪӡ
ϴ
¶ӣһԵˡ

Թ緹˵ҪؼңûӶȴ̫⣬ǣŴ椶֣ɿ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ôˣʹŮ
Ӷ͵͵û֨Ҳεס˴椶֣ĵ椶ŲŲ
﷢ˡؼң
ûûͷӶСļ
˵ʱ磬ҪȻٻؼҡ
Уﻹ¡ƽĽ˾䡣
ӶŴŴغ۾ˮĿŸס
Ŀһ¾ͱȻٻȥҲ١
ҵûȥ
¾ȻȥźӳٻȥúҸ˵˵ֿһ
¿
ߵеԥˡ
ҿСֺǺǵ˵Ż̫˲ȥҼסҲɣҼҾˣĺء
ûʲô飬ƽƽɫе㲻̫ÿ˻û˵ͿĶӡ벻ȥ
СС͵ĸǵ˵ֻǼ㲻ߣŸ첲Ҫ㡣
ǳٻȥòãӶŵӺ͵ܵ˵߶е㲻̫ȡ
ﶮЩֱ㱧㣬Ⱥκ˶Ҫ
ߡԥ￪˿ڡ£ǳ߰ɡ
³ĸŵ˵ϡȻȥ¶ࡣ
ȥ˵ߡ˳㿴ûţɴô£ƽʱƢͦõģôˡ




44.  44   ˶ǳǮ

½㡣
²ͷ۱, 
ű˳üָۣ, ڵɶ¶ǵôżȥ, ԹٻҲʲô, ѵù, ǲǲˣ
ûСЦЦˣԸ߾ͳɡ
ҿǲ̫, Ϊɶ⣿ٻЩ˽λ㡣Ƣͦõģ˵㣬ҲΪá
ϵЦûˣ˵, ͷš
ûҲӿ˲ӡ½㣬զˣ
סĴ, ͣ½Ų, ̧ͷű㿴ȥĿЩ䡣ˤЩ, ȴǵ˵̣ΪҺãǸЦ˶˵仰, ֻûʸô˵ҰּҶ٣ӹýͰͣûǣҲˤӺ˵, ûˤǰΪʲôжжѣֻҸҲ, ˵ɣûҰţүͲ֪˶ٻء
һѴº󣬴˦֣Ҵææ뿪

ɵ㶵վ˺ܾúܾãŴĻ
ǰǰﰡ
ֻҸ⻰˵ð㶼ûд̾˿ּҶȷʵǷĶ࣬ûּҡ

ֿ֣Ƕ
ʲôأʡ
ҡҡͷͷı

˵ֿҲûʣתæͷĻ˻ᣬַ֣Ůڶأˣ顣ʲôأл㱣͸Ź˵ζ
װŲ֪æͷĻ˶Ůߡӱ˰Ҳӡ

Сغ˾䣬˻ᣬ̽ʡǰ㻹ǵö٣
ֿɻ󡣡ö˶˵ʲô
ǣﻹǲǵСʱ󲡡£
󲡣Сʱֿ˷ֹѸļ䣬ֹѸԹŮǲģ˺ܾãŷģӡǻȴ椶Ҫ㣬ҲҪ࣬ݣһ󲡹ȥݵֻʣ°ѹͷء˵˵ţŮĶǡ̫˲Ҳûܺúѹ˵ӹЩڵ˵󲻴󣬻ļ˼ԸӣҪమϧԼúӹǣ᲻óԡ

ۿѸٷ죬ӣ˽Ļ§ģʡһֱô𣿡
˵ʲôɵֿḧĺ󱳡ôˣСʱûء
á
ҵĺӣö˭á
û˵ĻﲻԸ𿪡

ûҵˡֿղ̫ã˸
ʮꡣ
ֹֿѸûţԸŮ궼֪ŮȴļϷšʮˣˡǸп֡
ûԼᴩԽԽˣʮ࣬ŮŮˡҲӦǿÿܱ˺ãҲ͹ˡ

ϣᡣ˵˾䡣
ֿüЦȻĶáָָԼ۽ǡƺܶࡣ
ҲСָԼ۽ǡ
໥ۣЦ졣
ȹø˵˵椶С椶ֶûУȡֿ֡ˡȥʱ˳дŵĶˣǮ򼸸֣ô椶С椶ѡ
Ȥŵ˶ǳǮȡء
Ů޶һʮ»̥ġ˵ţֿŶŮ˺ӣɲŮһˮöƽҼôҲϵ⣬಻װ
ģġЦţͷ̡

³ֿʮ˵
ģʹҸңǰӵּס֪үңʱ򣬰Ѽʰ׵ɷߵ߶Ļҡ

Ƿ٩˾䡣ңȥԼҲ԰һˡ
޵ýôð
ǰȥޡƤҪЩҲ˵ø
ɨǱ䡣ǴЩʲôװһ¨أ
Цȫ͸ġ
ӿТ˳Ĵָ
þЦøˣѡɵɵ

ּҵķݲֿŮ˯һݣҸ˯һݣӽδǰסӣһ㶼Ǵסšͷ˺ֻܺҸ˯һݡ
ֿĶӻ᲻ϰߣȥŴһӣӵ
峿ҸʱүҲˣȰүѣְϴʰ󣬾¡
÷ѵҲ磬æż飬ɷү˵˵ʡһġ

ҴʱĶ֪࣬϶𴲣ͷĵĺ͵ܵ˵½¡Թء͵͵أеѹҲ֪¡
Ǿͱ֪Ҹüе䵭ȥ˵ٹܴӵ¡
˵̫ϸ
֪

Թ緹ֿ˵ȥĥŪʲô˼ͷۡʲôأ
˵¡
ɶ¶
ҸҲֱӡٹܴˡ
°ҲûйϹģ⾫ѰѰĻ¡˵ֿ˾䡣Ҹ˵˵ҸʲôĹң
̫죬Ҹе£е㲻ڣ죬Ƶ˵˾䡣˺ãТ˳¡
⺢ӣ˵˵డ鰡ȵȡ
֪Ҹ˵¡µ￴ȥ
ֿ̧ͷһѾ˺Զˡ

Ҹ˵ɶأװŲ֪ӡ
ûɶֿòҪֹֻšܵܰҸʲôĹңˡ
һ¾ͱܵܵĻ¸סˡǰ죬Ҷһ죬ڹиʮ壬ͷĸ磬˵Сﻹͦü￴أһ˼ҿϣóþ񣬻üҾã⵹ûʲôƸҪҲȽ϶ࡣһ£ȷʵͦ
ֹֿͣѸļ䡣Ļ˼أҾΣҷΣô
Ҿһɡ˵šҲûּңŮһŮ޶ͦϡͷĸɩɩڣҪôɻ飬˵Ǻܼ˹ģ˵Ҳϸϸ֣Ҳܲ
ֹѸԹͲϤ˵֣ҡֿ㿴ţٴ򵽵ôסͷҸʲô˼
Уϸ̽̽ס˵ţֵСﳤúҸǺ䣬ƸҪñȽ϶࣬˵֣Ҷⷽر𽲾
ֿⷽûɶҪãʹӵģҪҸҲϲĻǮǮģ취Ҹİһӳء
ͷ˵е£ϸϸţ־ͦеģЦЦ˵öԡ




45.  45ճ   ĺ

, ͵ţ˫ʵĹЬ
ɷʱҲá

Ь, ߵ߶, Цӯӯ˵, ҼɽϱڸЬ, Ÿս£ŸЬ, ҳۣÿʵ
ЬϷ˸ۡϱǲǰô̫üһˣúõӲǵ´ܣй, ͸˫Ь
Ǯһ¾ͼˡɶһ, Ȼȥˡ

ڴЬ׵Ĵ, Լ˵ݵĶȴɩ뿪, Ļ, ȥšҺɽţ˫Ь˵, ֵ죬׼緹ͻȥ
ﲻʹ죬ûƤûһ, ͵Ӧ˸š
Ҳûָ˵ʲôӦˣתߡ

˳壬ɽԹ緹͵˵ƽմȥ
ɻʱֹңİͰͶܣҲǵģֹѸʲô˲ôǼ޽żҵˣһŻѹסԸϱˣҿأҲǸᣬӼ󡣡
ɩ˵úͲּƵġϱԴѾЦǰѶɩʹתڲҲһҿԡ

ҭøһӻ𡣡ʲôΪſڳԵģûٰͷĻЦšҼǵãǰͷĻҪʱǺֵܵġ
Զɩźʹ˽ûôɩɡԴѾ˵ûơǰɩöøɻʱѶɩŵ²ȣɩûȽŵµĶɩҲзһɡ
ޣľһ㣬̲סƢͷĨĳݡ

ӷƽմʱּҸոճ緹ڳʰţֿŹ±ζ
ү
ү˵Ĵ椶ŵЦŴغˡ

ءŮķ֪أۿЩ΢΢ȡ
ðװ׾üĿ㣬һ㶼ũҵСѾͷƵġ
Цʱü䣬ͷů̡
ĺӡ

ɽ˸ССֽŮǰȥġ
ǰǣе󡣱᲻ãʱҲ֪أȻҲˡ
лллл椶߸˵Ľӹǡ
С椶ĸŽ˵лллл
ô⡣
椶Ÿףص˵ǵҲҪøж¸ײ֪жʲô˼ģĽšǣǺãҺҪ˵ллҪҺóˣҲҪԵá˶٣˾䡣һĺá

ɽֵֹĻе¡
ѻʲô˻ᣬӺ˾䡣
С椶̵صͷ˵ţЦЦرġ
ѽͷѧ󣬾ᡣ
ӻΪأеǾϲÿãƯ

ڳæµֿ֪ɽ⣬ʹ椶С椶˵ûгȥš
㿴ŵȥ˵һˡ
ȡá
ֿݺȥ˲˵أĶŮҸأľͻˣСţô
׹˵ڴл˼һͷСţûãҲ¡
СС˵㣬Ҹ׼ȥһȥġ
ɡҡҡͷţſҪӣ۸ǱˣҲ̫ЩǲĺãҸȥˡ
۱ˣõ򣬹Ҳûϵ
ҸҲô˵ġ

üŴӣЦŴк簡һȥݺţôҪͷСţȰţ
áɽ񺩺Цţԥĵͷھȥвסӣܵҵɡ
ھȥþϲĽ򡣡ˣЪʱ±ζҲҪˡɤӡϱǲǰ
䡣ǵÿɻҪҷ͵ˣһû±ζԡ
Ӵæ֡

ֿժ˰Ӳ˻ݺ󡣡ɶأҪӡ
ţˡһ˼ֺ
ֿ̿Цɽж̹ûʴŮ
أʱܵ˵£üҶЦ˿һˡͷеǮ̤ʵˣǮԼģôô

죬иȫæţɽòÿգֵֿǸҸ˴СҵĻʰ޲լӣв£Ҵ¶£˹ҲԼҺҲգһĹǮþͳɡ
ЩɡҪæãĶã¼ﲻͬ⡣˵²ũæҲв٣ϴʱʱĽЩ̹ƣҪɽҲ˲ũ£ȫһˣ϶ǲеġ

ͦõģǸϸµĻֿ롣ɣɽʱͽһ죬СĹǮʵڣ۵ĿһжʮģϵٷջֻƤëֻҪǸ˻ʮģ˿ٻʵĸǮʣµһʮġ
⹤Ǯ۾ɵ߯Բôడɽ񾭳ʹ׻ŴӽȦţ֮ģҼסķӣһģլ費Ҫջ

û뵽ɽءֿüЦĵȻҪģʲôʱʱ䣬ҸǮԼԼ
ӶʱЦüۣһľ͡ðððţȦ֮ģһܸ㶨ȦҪЩ̨ʲôģиҲŪž˵š

˵Цʱ÷ɿ졣
±ζˣֿʢ̳˸װšӺһЩȥʡֶŮ˵ȥɽЪȿڲ裬Ե±ζ
ҸءֹţվºһɤӣСȥ

ֿųݣ˴һӡ
˳ԶԶؿʼ͸Źɻϲùãùãùá
ȡֿӦţɩȥ˴±ζȽݣӶء
໨͵ȥأҺһȲҪ֪úʹ˵ôˡ
ðɩУֿЦӦˡ

һξ룬໨Сصôˣ
̫ơֿҡҡͷɩ𷢳Ҹء
ҸҪ˳أܴù
ܡֿƶ˻кһأҪ֣ǣɽҲһҸ
໨žͷˡǿǴϲ¶أҸгϢҪָϱ׶ˡ
ɲǡ
ɩ߶߶ҳʱֿ±ζҲû뿪ȥ




46.  46»   ˻иʲôء

˼ܸ, СѾͷϲϵġ
ÿգ˵±ζЩ˳ʡֿ˵Ž±ζݸСѾͷ
СѾͷ׼±ζȥ, ȴЦ˵, øҳҰ, ֮ǰԼż±ζ, Ѱ˼ǲŪ±ζءЦúº͡
ֿϲ˵ྣ˵Ҳ˵һȥ

ƽʱֿض, ȴУﻹһҪæҪǣҴɩ
໨ûиһլ, Щ̫ڣվҲͦá
У͹߶߶֪Ҫ, Ҳû˵ʲô
ֿӦźá

ûſ, ȴͳ˻
ſڵ໨ԶԶǰȴó, ҷ˳ͦ, ݡ
ȷʵǸܺˡ
ɩ˵Żȥ
ף˾ʡֹѸǲŪ±ζ±ζ
أҲûŪ١ֿҡͷ˾䡣
»ضŪ㰡ȥ, ζ㣬ȫȥ￪ӡ
ֿĲգɶʱ￪, Ҿ¼䡣
ɿɣ㿪ҿ϶ҵ±ζһֱֻ㻹ûгζҲ֪ζ˵ţ׻ҰҰ졣ֹѸ㲻

ЩԶֿûл⻰
໨ҿ±ζȷʵأպã϶
ʱ룬ͷûôǮء
еǮȥá
ֿ˵Ļԥ£׻ǿ˿ڡɩǷڵģǮңġ
ҲӣԸ໨˵Ҳǳ˵˺öأûһ
Ȼ˵ôֿ֧˸СûҵǮЬ֮ģҲԸЬ࣬ԼҲɣӣʵĸԵõģ￴ҲͲĺ
໨ŵͷУѰ˼Ѱ˼
ģֿͻ˸˵̫Ļ˵û֡

ֿ緹Ȼ൱ķʢζ˶ԵöƤԲҸ
ﱦȫһӶˣ˷ûô׼ߣϾﻹһҪæ
һߣӵӾͼЩյɽҲߣĸ׽ݣ˽ȥ

˫ЬҲ֪ϲϽţԣϽٸĸġóõĹЬ
ֿɩ͵ָ鵽˴ϣЬԴüЦĵܺϽţ߻ãЬӸ򣬵ʮء
ϲͺáӼĸЦûϲ˿Ƕֵ˶˶ѹͱԸˡ

òšֿæ֡˾˾ѣҲѣҸ˵Ҫѣô࣬ﴩùǮԸϣʵ㣬˺
û뵽ܵþѡǣǵ⣬ǵ⡣Ȼãһ˫Ьǲǲ̫ﻹأöˮ鰡˵Ҫڣж̹ƽܸɷ

˵þͲáֿšüͷܾиҪǰȥҶȡ˼֣椶С椶ȡģ椶ţС椶ᡣСԸѡ֣¶Ͳ˵ˡ˼ǣŴ󷽣
ɽֱˣ컺
Ǯȥȡ椶С椶Ů𣿻Ǯȡ

ȡˣǻؼҺ󣬼ǵú׼˵С椶ĽСֿڲס𾪣֪ʲôС˵ŮޣŮ޶һҵĺӡ
ӾúЩɬ˵ҲɰͰ͡⣬Ǯţ
ûǮɵüţ椽ţС椽ᣬɱ𺰴ˣӵò˵ģҲҪˡ
ĸ׻ɽӦá

ʹ뿪ʱģле档ʹ˵ʲôˣǱ̼ĵòأ
û˵ʲôǰѴСȡ¸ǡ
Ŷѹ֡Цˡ

ֿûãҸżլӸɻ
ɷŵܸܵɻʰ޺ü飬͹Ŵңһ˴ý
ΪĵͦãֿĻ˵˵һȥģ˵ֵԽĺá

дģĵţֿ˵˾䣬ͷСţȴһֱûѰʵġ
磬ͼߵСѾͷݻ˵˵ͷСţ˿գȥۡ
ֿǣͷ׳ʵСţ˼ҡ
ݺţؾʹõСţأͰͶĸ۵ݡ
ţÿáػصĴСţ۾ȶоˡ
椶С椶ͼ֣СЦÿģҲĸЦΧСţת
һءֿϲɫҪڣ򲻵ͷСţȥ±ζ

ֿȥ±ζʱЦ۾г죬ͦ˼˵Ҳ֪ôˣ±ζǳһأ͸ˣ㰡ʲôʱӣ
ӻأҪԣܸңһͷ͹Ҳʲô¶ֿ˰ɣ˶ã֪Ҫȥ˶ˣҲƨɡ
±ζԵú㣬⻰üҶ͸ŨŨáأҿ治ˡ

ûľ˵±ζֿҲ˿˿ڣ
һ¹ȥʮѮ䴩ö࣬±ζԵö࣬·ۼľͳһȦѪ͸죬е΢֣ҲֵúƯ
һֿ˺಼ܶϣÿ±ζȥܻøϸĹ֮ģĸҲʹ󷽷ˡ
ŮһһѣŮһһѣԼأʱûͦģż

죬ֿմլ£ҸڹţҲʱʱĹȥ
ŽţͿߵСѾͷҼҷء
С˿ʱˡԱ߽˾䡣
ֿΪʲôҪ£Ͻ䣬ˮûкȡ߰ɡҴææߡ

һլŵȣͼЦӯӯӭ˹ص֡㣬Ҹ˵һˣҾ˵ôθڱˣϵ±ζǰûôԭǻأԼĶӣŨŨҸҼү֪Ϣ˻ˣˣ˵һһЩʲ˵Ҫʲô˵˵ţԹԵص㲻뿪±ζҼм棬Ųô˵㣬ҰҼҵ棬һĵƦåҡ

ֿصʱӻеκ˻иʲôϵ
ԼĪ˲ƱĻ㱸С
ʲôˣȥ˾䡣
ûʲô¡ֿе㷴Ӧءˣһء
ͷа˻ᣬ۾ҲСûˣ᲻Ҳˣ̫ȷйһʱ䣬²̫ȶ
ɶκֿ˲䱻ˣ˾񡣡㻳û㲻֪谡ϽֹѸļ䣬زรҲûӰһȥռÿ˶٣ʡûʲôӦ£θ
ûаҡͷҡеɵǣ˯һΪµظɻ۵ءګţĻֲأôûأΪӹǳʲôˣҸ˵
治ҩΪŵӹǣ¡




47.  47   ʱýӻ

峿, ֿͶŮһȥռãǣС, и˿Ųа
Ҹûʱ, ҪæϵĻ, æ¡

ֿŶŮ, ϸϸšϲһ£Ҫ, Ҫ򣬴ӹôܲܵסԼҪעЩ, ԵõĵȵȣãϸЩ, ֪û, ʱǳϲ, ͲҪʧ, ᡣ
֪ˡĸĻ

Թ緹¶ʰ׵˲Ŵţȥ
ֿû, Ů±ӣʮµɹϺԱߵͷе˯
øүϡ
ȡС椶ӦţֽĽ, ˼ӳ
˰ţ椶ӹѣŵүš

̫ůͣȵķ·ֻɹ̫ʲôͻļС
ֿϱӣӱöˣۿ̵ıֻƯӡ
˯𣿡椶ʡ
˯ֿҡҡͷЦ벻ؼңʱŮӽӻżסЩӣûӦֻ˵ҪӣԸ⣬ͷҸǹȥ
ȴǲԸżңµǣֻǻżסգҲǺԥҡͷ
ǰգֽӵŮţ˵䣬ͷɣӣǹȥסգߴ硣

椶Ҳûҡͷصر졣롣
롣˵ʲôС椶˵ʲôҲӦ÷ɿ죬СԹϡ
ֿۼŮӶԽģĥ£ͿڵǺǣǹȥס죬˳İӡ
椶ѡǻȥǸеĺӣҲر£ûн˵ڣɴü﷢ЩͷҲ˳
˵ʲô˵ʲôϹĥܶʱԽԽ⣬ֱʣ̹̹󷽷

ȷʵǻȥֿḧŴŮĶͷЦü۴顣ǱϾǵĵǰȻвԣ֪ڸģúôǣӦţܶٺñضٺá
椶Ĭ˻ᣬƲСصҲϲżҡ
Ըûȥס𣿡
ס죿
ԡֿͷˣ͸˵ǻ
ðɡ

ֿżίô죿
ߵﲻҺ˵Ѽҡ椶ţͼ˵ȻԺҲżˡ˵꣬͵͵ѵ顣
ֿܰǺ⣬ƽʱ̵ã⺢ӾȻżңǵûãĪñ۸ǡżҴúãǺܺãżҲãԺҲȥ
椶ܹɵӦš

Լʱӣִˡ
ֿŶŮͷ󺹵ģеΡ·ģôţ
ҽž㣬òŴţ˵ţݵˮȡ˵ʱն̣ʱѲϲҹʮȥҽݡˣ˵ӹǼ˺ܶ࣬ȫԲȵĹء̵Цš
ʮ죬עЩֿϸϸʣ˵ʲôû
ֿ˸Сӣĸߣ߶߶˵

ſԼķ㣬ֹ˻ȥ緹
椶С椶žõү˵˵СС͵ҲӲ࣬˵Щġ
˵ҪѴ椶С椶ͻżס죬£Ц˵ǴĺأǸûȥסס
˼֪ҪԺӺãֻŮ޶ҲĶԴˣ͸ðͻȥû˵֪˳ɲͬ⡣

ȻҪӻżңֿȥȦȥϪ壬ɽ
ڵɻʱ˵Ҫֱֵܵɷߣ˵¶
üûסҵȥʰʰ̡
ȥɡɽϱʰЩӸסҲЩأɱãúӻȴûúôǡ
ȡأȻ˰԰գӴҴææϡ

صҺĴӣȥݡ浽ס졣
šϲ̲Ӧţ浽֪ĻΪǵҵĹһӵǸˡ
˵Ӿͳݡ
ɽϱǸµզô磿ȻǴģɽϱզ¶µظɻʱȿˮñ⣬һ仰Ҳûˣ
Ļɽһû𣬳Ŵɤû˾䡣ɷҪԸɻɴϲµҶװûһƨ¶ûУ֪NࣇN࣡
Ӵһţػ

˵ͻȥҸ˵ûʱ䣬µظɻﻹв£سţŽûżҡʱ椶С椶ǲᣬС椶СС¶ỹˡ
ֿ˻ᣬĶͷüۺЦᡣ£û¶ģϰٻ

ҸŮżʱżҸոճԹһӶͷԺ
浽ϲӭ˳ɷɽкСӡ
ţӣż˶ˡ
żҵĺǴ椶С椶ôˮ飡
Ͽ۱ԼڻķϸıӰֹѸĶԱȣһʱЩûţҺֹѸ˲
զģôôã˵ǵҵСһûеġ

椶ǣõ֣Ժӣ󷽵İšүү̣󲮣壬ǻ
С椶Ҳĸźر
Ͽֻ˵үү̵ıӣͻȻ͸ֹѸĳ嶯

浽ͷһ֮Ӧܿ죬ЦúǺͰԷûУӳÿãȫ壬ҵŮã׼ҵǻӡ
үүǳ˷Źġ
пЦʡûи׼Եģ
ûС

ɫЩҰҸżҳк󣬾׼뿪ˡ
Ժ˵Ĵ椶֪˾Ҫߣǣùû˵ֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿţ¶ŨŨľ
ʱЩҵøϻȥҸ˵ŻŮķ˾ˣּң͸˵ǻǵûգӸǡ
椶СԹϡ֪ˣ˾ˡ˽˾˵Ļ§ž˾˵Ĳӣ§˻֡

椶С椶ߺû죬㵽æµգһĵڶũæ
ҸĻȸԻؼҸա
ҲҪʼæµʱһֱûʲôзӦĴ˺ǿҵķӦʲôʲô
ֿؼҸգŮԸȥæţϱּңôտڳԷЩ±ζ̲˸ˣٹãҲһһòʲôʱ䡣

æǰæûͣЪĸףۼˣǺ޲˦Լ⣺զˣô
ºúţų˵㶫¶ǣ³ˡֿƿ˶Ů£Ҳ߰ʱ䣬ۿɼľˣӻţʲôʱǸͷֹѸļʱõúܣµظɻ˵ѶûУи֪ʶӴ
˵ݣļˡ˾ԡҲҸɵ̾ϰˡҼö໳еģµظɻأû£Ҳ˵ӹǾǿӺܺõġ
ǣԸɡִֿʱʲôǰرСģ˼ŮǰԵÿ࣬͹˵øȫϸ˵㣬룬⺢ӻˣ
ͬ⣬ЦЦÿˡ

٣ҸæͷĻȥ˸ڴ壬Ŷգ˾Ǳߣ׿˵ˣȥ֣үڼסţҪչˣ˾ǱӦûɺܶࡣ
ææµµһֱµףʰ޵Ĳ࣬ļӣʲôʲô˵ݣ񻹲Ҳȣһٿ
Ļڣֿл͡

æˣﱦȫֹˣ˵ϸ׻ȥʮ³͹ˣֿûͬ⣬˵ȹ˵
ֿͬˣϸϸϸʰ
ּסӣԵú˯úãݵͷ϶Щ⣬һ˿ĺüƽʹͷԳǽڣŲϼ
ҪߵʱͷŹŮ֣Ĵ飬û˵ЦЦЦúܿġ

ţӾͽʮһ£ۿС椶쵽ˡ
ִţżס˲С£ûסͦãֵգչϸףŶŮ£ֿûȥӻ
£˵Уʱýӻˡ




48.  48½   ʲôʱҪ

Ҹ˵, ȥӣԹ緹ȥ
С㶼ûúЪ, ò׵˵, ڼСһ, мӢĶ, ɹ˻˺öֿ࣬ð, ֵá
Ǹʡ¡Ҹȥ˵ûкúЪֺγǣ۵˶Щ, ǰӾ
ֻֿ˵ȥȥǣҪżҹô, һиʲô, Ƥû˵, ûҴ, Ҳ˵ʲô£͵õ
һȥ

ôˡ
ȥżҽˣһڼ, ţ£ܵиʰޣּһ, ϱһ£ԲȲҪģ˳ٲؼҡ
Цã˵ǸŮ˵޴ӷ򣬵ǳ״ޣϱܣԼҶ˲ϡ
⻰˽˶ߣװŲ֪ӣ̬ȺĮȻҲû֨˵˼죬ûʲô³ྡ

ֿ֪ʱ鶼ȥ˺ü죬ʶŮ֪֪¡
ʹ𡣡֪˵ǴǼʣĽиĸҪҲò
ô룿
̫ߣţûϢųԡ̭䡣Ա˵Լ㣬ǰ˱ӲܳĺøȢ˸ϱ˸ĸ۵øƵġû˵ʱģҹưҹżˣ׼Ѫ˵˵ţЦˡҲǣСݣΪԼ֣˶óԺȣۼһȦ
ֹֿ۲ŮȷʵĴĺܣֻųԣҲ˿

ʮһµ糿úó٣Ų㺮䡣
ԭǲ紲ֿĺůͺůͣһţطϣܴ¡
ûѩأô䣬浽˶զ졣ǳûůûյ¯ӶûУֻܿȡůΧڻԣ֧ҪȻͨ׳¡
žͳĻš

ҸοĸסĲ㣬ȥЩ̿䣬ǾͰѻЩ
У浽ʱ˳ȥЩ̿ðЩõʲ
á

ţڴģСţ̫Сµظɻ˵ˡ
Сţúܺã׳ʵҸ˵µظɻ
ϪʱŽʱĩҲǾŵҵӡ
ţͣżǰͼ椶ú͵ܵ棬˵㣬üȴܼ

浽
ѣ˾ˣţСŻķ˹ЦӴ·ůرĿɰ
µԭأͰͶĿŲԶ㡣
ֿһ˱һԺȥƼãȻķЦЦ
ѣ˾ˡ椶ؽš
ʶеİẰ椶ֽ˾䣬ģѧźú
˵ķ㱻ߣеż̶̵طʸ첲С׷ź˵ú
˾ˣ㱧ɡ椶ҪҴЩҿԼߡ
أֿʡ
Ҹ椶ŵϣɵıķ߸߱ķ쿩Цٸ߸ߡţСģϲĺܡ
̸ճţ˵ȥе¡
ֿС¹ô
ͦõġ椶ЦЦ̲Һûȥ˵Ұѷúܺãװ׾ģ껭ϵޣ˵ǰҪЩԼԷȻе©ɺܸˣҺñּңڼסţеģУ˵һˮƽҺúô
ôģֿû뵽£е⣬ͬʱֺο
椶ѡҼǵѸ˵ּסãҺöżңΪš

š椶ͷ˶٣˾䡣ѣҪżҲˣҺûּܻ𣿡
ֿĶͷܵģʲôʱˣӸŸҺ˾ˣǾ͹ǻȥ
á

ӸڻϼֹѸʱ£ЦЦ̫Ȼк׼ңôˣŮ飬Щš
쵽ˡֿ˵ţͣ£ɫʱ佩õļֱû£͹벻ּҴ죬

ȻڼϸϽ룬Ͻ룬ţӴզͲˣеżǰӻ˵أĥôޡ׼Ҫпգʱ͹Ըġ
һߣ浽Ҳøߣˣıô죿

ֿȡ׼Ҫأ
ȻҪ޵ġһӦšﺢӲ࣬ôء˵Ĳÿգ͹ҸҲһֺǺǵЦһֱúлл׼ңҲûŸûᣬ׼ҿɵùԸ
Ͻ㶼ô˵ˣҿ϶ù

˵˵ЦЦСʱֿȥ
ϻ䣬˵˳Թ緹ߣ˵ɽҲûأ͸˼ġ
ﻹиеĶŮţֿ緹ƴţ
ϣګƵֹš׼ңһû˺ܶء
ｫ浽̵úá
浽

ɹ̫Ĵĸ׺͵ܵܡأûӻʲô°ɣ
浽ôżͦãûһֿ˿ˮ˸С£ƵıӣͶŮ߶߶Ľżҵ¡
ţеˡãܹżҵĹŮżסţϻԺ˵˼ʱЩ
ôû
û£һֱɹ̫ӣЩ˵Ż˸ǷҸоҪùЩٹ죬Ͳôˡؿڡ

ĸŮһûһţߵСѾͷˣ˸Цӯӯ˵ӣҼҷ˵׮¶Ҫ˵ϲ̵˵ţѹɤСصǹӵ¡
ҷ˿϶û˵һ仰ֿ죬˵ҲЩ
ǰ¡СѾͷգգۣһĵƤ
ֿؾĸ첲һ֪㣬ǲ±ζ
±ζóԡ
»Щ㡣
ҵĺӡСѾͷŽƵģסֿĸ첲ЦЦ˵

˺Щûһ棬¡ôˣ
ææµµˡֿЦ˵ļˣɫá
Ҳ˵أ˵̥ȵġ˵ĺӣ˾Щֹס⺢رԣôңӹÿ˳ˣ±ζһֱ˵ûʱ䣬չˣӦõ˿հɣ
пգ±ζһ̻±˽
ţֵ۾Ц죬ĵҿɾ͵ˡˣ£ǰ˵Ҫڸ㿪±ζ꣬ӰڳˣʲôʱҪ




49.  49   ̸֣


ֿ˵û˯أ
˯Ű²ʡӵ, ˵զˣȥ𣿡
¶ûô˵ֿü𡣡øҸ, ôġĩ, ̾˾䡣ﲻǸ򵥵, ҵȷʵҪ˺ܶ, ̫ˡ

ͬ⵹, ҵŻݶǮ
ɣʱΪһ
ءķΣ, ˵ɣһܵкüӰɡũС, ͷæβ, ԲȲòҲôء
ֿҲе⡣ͦ󷽡

õĻ, , ҪȻ۾Ͱȥ¡ò̫ϧˣ˭֪ûĺ¡ۼ٣ø, ͽҺã֤׵ġ
˵ɡֿ˳Ķӡڻźӣ˺ӣʱ, ⿿һˣҲæ˵øҸɻŪׯڸгϢ

⡭ʱסˣͷԼĶӡҪȻϵõס
ֿӵٿɣҸ󣬿ô˵
Ҹ϶˼Ҫ뿪ӣһ׼Ӧ¡˵ƶˡ벻뿪±ζꣿ˵ţڲ̫㣬ʲô֣һˣܻۡ
ҲǸ⣬ֿû롣
߶߶˰ᣬҲûһ˻˵Ե顣

ת۾ͽʱֿȥ緹ںͷƵĸš
Ҹͦ磬ŲˣöԱЪţԸǰ

˺ȥˡĴûҲûţžİӵ˵˳
ֿ˳˾䡣Ҹô
벻ȥ￪±ζꣿ˵ţҸֵ⵹Ǹûᡣ
£ҲǮƷҲȽϽְɡֿûǮҲ̫ҵж٣ֻǴִֹţӦǲ̫

ҸĸЩĶû˵ֵӣӶ˽Ķࡣ
Щƫռһء
ɡҸ㣬ЦݲõĿĸס±ζǮﻹǹġ
ֿЦ˵ôףһ±ζ꣬Ǽҧҧȷʵ𡣵ǣճܴģҪǣӵĺԺסˣǻסҲǸ⣬һ˵Ļæ

Ҹ¶ˡ˰Ѳ𣬿Ծĺɫ棬ķ˻ǿȿ±ζ̣ȥͣǾ͹Żؼңŵʱ
ԣպãⶨȻĶȥտʼǿ㡣õܵܵԹ϶⡣ҲҸ͡
ɡֿ̿黹ǲȫ棬±ζҲ±ζ±ζҿÿ±䣬ͷһ±ȫû¡ԽԽ䣬紲£ҿɲ̫ס

Ҳԣ˸±ζ
룬⺢ģе㲻̫ʱءûлУǿȥ룬϶Ҳͬ⡣
öҸ˵šƤĺܣ±ζ¸Ǯ
ԣͷҸ˵أ
ֿĥţĥţƺͦԡͷõ˼Ըĸ
ЦˣЦرƤǺóԵӣһ׼붼ͽ£һ֪ȻŸʣܲܳԵ±ζһ֪
ǡҸЦ

ʰ޺üþƨƨ߶ּң̫ûɽء
Զף·Ըϱ߽ˣ֣㡣˼㣬ңùˣϱȡٺٺٵЦյϱߣĶӣ۾гӽԲԣ£ģ㡣
ӦУûô£Щ
˾˯ʲôҹʰޡš

ֿسʱ⻰һ¾ˡҪԸԸ⡣
ʲô£ﾡ˵
׼￪±ζ꣬Ҫ˿ŵ±ζ
û˵꣬ͼ۴Źâ̵šȥȥ¶һ׵ġ˵ţͣ£еŤ󡣡±ζʱɣܲԵĳԵ
ɣҾ֪˸ۡ
ֹֿЦԾ룬ɵŵ𶼳ˡ
Ǯģ
ִһеģϱ̤̤ʵʵķŶپĻšɶʱ򿪵ꣿҪҪҵȵģĶĵأôҸ˵ҺҸܵö࣬Ҷһ
̨ʹţİɡ
ģҪҡ
㡣ֿŮЦţԽԽԽˡ

˸ʱ죬ֿûɣ˾Ҳ˿
Ҹţȥҡ
ҸͷǮҲϣ
ԡǰӵ¶ȶһɣǮ
Ա߽˾䡣Ǯﻹе㡣ϱͱĺҲô˵ĺֲİǣĸСӶãⳤȻöŵ㡣
Ƕ˵ԽԽˣ

ǮǹҸĸ˸ѶҪýЩ±ζ꿪ʼ׬Ǯͷࡣ
νĵҿأҲͲ˼죬պءԵġ
ǣϱ˵öԼˡ
ֿĿķֿ˿ӣЦЦ

˽λƫȴҲ֣ҵڽͷռ򿰿ڽβ
ӺԺסˣֻǰŵãһŻɣһ˵಻಻ٲ٣һҽãʡһꡣ

Ҹͽûȥ˽תȦҵҵŵ꣬ͷֵĶأ̸ӵҲɾͦ⣬üЦĻ˼ҡ
һݣͿʼNࣇNࣵ˵ţ㵸Ǽ˷ܣȻĸ￪ӣƹİ
ţû;ԼƹģԾ˶ֱͦ˲١

Ƕˣ£ȴǿͷ˵ܿϸϸһۡ
±Ҫʳĵһں±Ҫʳ壬ЩУҲͷĵеֿ࣬ҸֻԵָ䣬ȥѰʺϺ±ߣԸǮúţǸٽֵĺûء
̸֣ȴ顣




50.  50ů   Ǹ̫Ҿͺϲ

, ֿ˸紲Űӡ
ϲԾ²ڶļȣҸʹͳԹײڶˮȡ
ʵҲó, ϲմųԡ

˶, ûũ, ֿŹŮ, ҸԱ߰
㣬յر, ػźϵ๾ðϸϸ졣
ΧڻԵһˣ߶߶żҳ
ˮտˣȥĻ𡣡
ˮӦøտ, ˮȵģһ˶ΧڻţԾտٵ

ȳڵˮ, һټļ, մԣ緹Ūֿ̹Цӯӯ˵ŻûԹɡ, ʵִĻ
ûԹҸҡҡͷ, տˮ˹
˰Ѳ񡣡̹ɲأ˵һأϰǮ
ǳĺʱ򡣡ֿĥҪǼ˶ϲԣֻҲֻ, Ͷԡ

СܵĸߡǰҸ˵ģ֣һǵðɣ˲
֣ҡҸ۶, ڹ֣ңҲһ졣ҵ򡣡ȥѰѰ۴ûУܱߴвġ
Ȼü۴͡
¾ͽҸ˳ûСеĻȥûӰ£ֻֿǵʱͶᣬ˼ûʲôҲ͸һˣ¿ţ⺢Ӷ֣ǲ̫ϲ

Ҹ֪֣أ˵ͷֹǲȥͣ
˵͵ףִֵ˵ػ
ܵ˵úҲû׷ʡʱ߶ûŸĹ
ûС
Ҳ̫˰ɡƲƲ졣㿴ҸѹûԼµ£ɾͳʮŵķת۾Ƕʮˣ꣬õˣӵĵˡ
ֿ٩˾䡣Ҳ˵ãһҸ˶̥أҲӵĵˡ˶٣˵Ҹг㣬ҿţ˳ûʱˣӵҲת۵¡
˵Ҳԡ̵룬ҵҸǸ൱гϢţԹ϶⣬ûϡ

ཱུĽӹ˹Уľյ㣬Ƭ̹ԪƵĽһһĸˮ棬ſɰˡ
ýÿŰֵؽӣ·𿴵С޶ͷģЦеɵ
ϣҲܰװ֡

ҸŹĽӣɿһ˲ĸӣţЦˡȷʵÿǰɰôÿĽӡ̧ͷĸס
ÿرóءֿüЦ˵Ż͸ŨŨᡣҸȶˣСĵ㣬̡ϲԣû¾Ͷ㡣
ţ϶óԣر㡣ҸЦòãӹ룬˻ԣͷĳš

һڵˮ¶ǣůر⡣
ֿӶ󣬲Ūȡ
Ľȣرر㣬ĳܿһŨĽζζöֱţҪҪҪԣµС޶
еĴˣðζĹ۾գһ¡ԭӻôųء
һȥȫǽ㣬ܺóԵġֿǳǳ£ͼŮ̲ס˿ˮֺǺǵЦšȵúעҪǸϸ»

ҸͻȻ˾䡣ô뵽ӳԣ
¡ֿ̿ҲԼȣһԼأǳӡ
ððһӦšģ϶óԡ
ֿĲЦŴȤ˻в±ζͲͿ꣬еĳԡ㻳УʲôʲôԡܳԺã֮ǰʲôʲôǿ
ΪպðûгԹ÷ˣҪǳԹ˵һҪ˵꣬Ц
Ǹ죬û̫˷磬Ŷеĺȴζ˱ǣůնܰɡ
Ҹĸֿ㣬üҲŨŨЦ

̹ܺóԣҸݣȴ൱ܳԡ⣬Ķӣ߰ˣԼҵģԶж١
ֿʹˣҲر𱥣Ա߿ҸԣԵö൫ٶȲ죬ϸʵĳţеĻҲҲգ˸ɾĩˣס

ɵˡһͷؼҸôܳԣĺϲ̹
ϲǾ;ŪҲףůЩءֺֿǺǵЦмִ顣ѵУǶԵ㣬ӹǣŸоΪææµµ
ҸǿԶԵ㣬̫ݣ֮ǰ߸׳׳ĺÿž̤ʵ˵Լɷ򡣡ҼǸԽԽ֣ͬǸɻҲû͵ҸզأǰҲæҲҲ࣬ûôݹ
ֿû˵ȴ롣ѹɣ鶼Ҹ꿴ųȣҲͲʮꡣ

緹ͷԵļůЩ˵㡣
ֿ˵õ±ζȥ±˵㣬䣬Ըһû⡣
ߺ󣬴Щȥ˯Ǵڻ
Ҹİ㡣
ţ
˯ȥ˯
аʹҡͷѴ̫鷳Ҹоǰ˲٣զԽԽˣ
ҸЦýЩ
⻰û˵ͬǵãﻳʱ򣬶ûôءͷɸˣЦرϲҸҾðɣǰ۽˹Ҳ۽˹
ˤԴ󣬱仯ͦġҸ˵˾䣬Щ̾޵
ͷȷʵԽԽЦϲڵǸ̫Ҿͺϲڼ
ҸĬ£Ц˵˾䡣Ҳϲ

ֿ˵˻Ự͵ĸ͹˼ҡ
˯Ů˯ˣžܡ
˵ϴ˯һҪ̫ʹࡣ
ֿţˡëһˣϿɲɣһȥңλҸҪҪҪȻֱŰɣӿų˯
ô󣬷Σֻûš
ֿɨ۳Ҳ̫С˵㣬Ҹǽ·ʱŪ㡣
ãġЦü䣬źܼɡ
ֿŮ֪żҹúòá
ӦòίǳԷ治ǼҾϸҪȥ緹ʱġ
ֿеԥһȥ°ɣȥҲУȥҲûɶ
ҸĻöȻ塣
ԡ




51.  51   øļϷŲС


ֿؾ͸Ů, һ׺ʵĶ£Ҹ˫ʵЬӡ
浽ʱҲˣһƯ, һ˫ÿЬӡ

, ˲ٻ±, һ͸˽, ЩԼҳԣ, ǽЩȥżҡ
ԸŮãͷ֣ҲԸЩ⣬Ͼ, ܺúദúʡ˿Ц

䣬ŨŨضϢ, ͸Ź˵ʪ, Ʈϸϸܵ˿һһ, 㴩Ű, ԲȺֻڻԻ̿ǰŻů
Ҹֹ, ߱մꡣҪȻȥżҳԸ緹ĸԭ䣬û껹ã, ž͸ס
ɡֿҲôӦӣʱ϶ȥżҳԷȥżңΪһ׮Ҫء
аɣһȥţ

ֿ봩£СҲ󣬾ͳ˰ֽɡţϣŸ񣬻һӵĳʳ
Ҹǰͷţͷ£ţϵúȵ
꣬·ûʲô˺ܼ塣
ֿʶӡҵôˣ
ңңر⡣
żңѾһ𣬾Ҳ˵ʲô
ҸͷҲôģҵúã۸ʣһʡǮء
˵Ǳ߶ĹӶҪ칦ܳɣеĲã£ôҲСµʱ۳
һûһ˵Żţϸﻺţ֪㵽Ϫ塣

ţյżԺǰͼվµ浽غѾ˾ˣŴŴǻ
ɽҲˣ˰ɡ߸߾𽫵ܵסҸݡûǸ죬ǲվţ˵Ҳ˵
ǽ˴ţţĻͷţǣιݡҸȥֻŤͷ˵
ɽ񺩺Цšȡá

żһûּңֿȻȥݺ׼Ҵк
ϸϽæء
żҲû̿裬һپͼڻԣĳӵ֮ģûض½š
ˡϸ߻ֽŵԱߵϣЦ˵ϱ˾ϲ裬ճĹҲץһ
ֿż̬ȶͦ磬ЦŽӵݸ׼ҡ˵⣬˵±ζϸϽʡ

ӿѹҴľϲȵڽУǼпڸءֺǺǵ˵Ż۾ȴĸŸš
Ժͼô⸱ҪӣҲЦǧǾʲôԲˣùʵġ
ϽҪϲͷЩǳֿ˵ء
һһϽ泩ˣЩƮƮȻҼ⼸ӰǵˣСʱƵģеԵĶۡ˵ΣȴЦöڼ˵֣Ͷʡ

֪żҴССʮˣֿ±ζҲͦ㡣
ϰķţҲ֪ǹ˼׼һôأŮһûзֱ˴ˡ
ԴѾԸķݣ顣ǲմĹ⣿Լ޽żô꣬ͷؼŵĹƽ
һʱ䣬˶Щζ

ʳá
ֿ±ζǿǰܰг˵ЦСֵ֣Ľ
ݽǵɳ©Ҫʱϸ˸̿裬Žһ˱Ƶ˵ִֻӺʹɩϱߣ緹

˵Ůͱһһˮƽ⻰ûŪˡ
緹ܼʢ⻹ֻز˹а˸ζҲܲԳԳǴƵףָֿΡ

ûã˵Ҫȥգǰֿǰк£ӺסߺԺҲ˵Ҫţ컬Ĵ磬˵Ҫƽ㣬ҲǺܶ
żϱڳʰţ˺üˣӵݼ˿

ֿºͺ͵׼˵ͷһ׮¡ҴϿ±ζ̣±±У±ߣҪʳģе㣬ԶԶҾѰ˼ŹϸϽ㣬ɹõɵȵȣԻж࣬ЩңʲôҾͰʲôա
⣬е£ʶĿԼϰ顣
ͷӦ򶨡˵ЩǴ˵㵫࣬׼ҪĻȥͳɡǰ浽ͷչˣúܺãҲûʾҪǲ֪ôޡ
ϸ绰˵̫Щ浽żҵĺҲҵŮҹ˿ûʲôԼϲӡ£⣬ϸ粻Ҳɣ͵û˵
еżɶǮӶ˿˵ĵף׺񲻹ˡʲôʱҪֻܹУҰһ׼׵
ֿͷ
ͷָָԼϰ顣£֪
ԶԶԡͷ֪ڵؽɸģûضңˣʰšЦüе⣬Ǻ˲ġ

ôöҲӳˣֿҸ׼뿪
Ǹ˵üЦ׼ҳݣţţпվ͹˵˵
̬ǰδе飬ѴˣʰĹôˣ
áϻʱĶϱļ򡣡±ζÿóԡóԣǮ⻰Ųɵĳϱǽ
มԴѾ⻰һĮһּ±ζסˡ

ʱֿŮ벻ּס졣
Ѻүү˵ʱ椶ʹŵܵ棬֪ҪӡʡææѵܵҲϡ
˵ʱ仹еҪæֿ˵±
ҲһҪԭ򣬱ȥּס죬󣬿϶Ը¶˵ļˮˣͷġ
ǰ׼ҵƫԹŭһûš׼ӶãԸ۶Сô׼ҸЩ

ǣɽ֣¶ǺǴӣǰ۾۾ӲǱӣһ䲻ȴüЦֺǺǣĿⶼʹˡ
ѲʲôˣҲ벻ڶԭ
ôһĥɽӾ;ãðҪТãøļϷŲС




52.  52¿   ʮͷ߸С

ɽӻû, ϶ãȷʵΪ׼ҵԭʡ
ô˵
ּ뿪ϲ̵ؽ, Цǽһϲ£Ӵ֮, ׼ÿҪ, ҪĶ, ͷȷʵǮͷⷽʹ㾢, ׼Щš
Цͷરẓ́ϰƤͷֹѸˣ޵ʱ򡣡

ɶ˼һ¡Ǯ⣬ոզƣϹѰ˼ʲôأ
ͷɵɵϰ, ʮǰ׳˸ӡǿּǮֹѸʲô㲻ֻ֪Ҫ϶ɫƣһӸһˮûƽ, ϶ί, ֹѸ֪ˣ׼һس, ֲûɹ, ǰǲڿǮҿ˶ֱͦͦ
⡭ϱϰ˵ɵˡ
û뵽硣

˻, ǲŷӦŻŵʡǣô죿ּ˵˵ţۡò׵Ǯ·, ˵ͲͷӰһӳԳԺȺȣĶĶҪǮţ
Ǽȹϵϣ᲻ûǮ·ӣֹѸ鷳װ׵ܡ
ô졣ʮķޣͷϰӣεĵƽƢԼֵܾһˮƽϱҲһ̫ݣֹѸҲûôй춢Ůڷҵӡ
˵ţѵּۿԽԽţ϶ҸɻеϢӣ϶챿˵ҲЩ˵˻ÿǣϴһû˵

ɷĻеԳγΣϸϸ˻ᣬ⻰ǰզû˵£ʡ϶濿أϴףϴ鰡ͷ˵Ǽңϴжãѵ˿һ϶ء
϶ӿּ˵ףͷû˵˾䡣
ǰΪʲô˵˵Ҳţּ϶ľګ񰲷ʵҲϨ˼Ҽﲻ۶ӡ
ּҰЦͷ׿סͷģԺҶ϶һЩǼﰡС¶һˮƽ׼ҿﰡҲϵĽ̽Ƿ浽̵öۣ

ɱͷ˵˵ƽʱҲһעײֹѸڵʱҿͰͲǳ£ĹŮּҡ˵Ƿ˼ҵĶŮ͸ڼƵģƫƫСҲֺǵĺܣƨҷһ˵ţͷЩͷƤ顣ö˶˵һӣǰһˣֹѸҲֶ˵á
Ҳ˵ĿԷ֪֪һӦšúô϶һӣС¶һˮƽ

ɽŴ̬رϱϱԴѾ֣Ŷ϶ӺҲͰˣôҲģȻƽ
ĪҹҲײԴ͸ֹѸһ㣬飿
ܳþõĹƽţöӷ𣬶ȥո㣬Ӱ

ֿǲ֪żҵֱ仯æúšòӣҪȥ˼Ҵܴ˵˵±ҪʳĹ⿿żҿ϶ǲģöңǮĺ¶顣
ҸŮ߶߶ϵڣպˣȻҲͳˡȻҪģõ˼ҡ

ִֹֿʱֻѡ廧˼ṩ±Ҫʳġż⣬ƽմңңǱʹҲе㣬Ķû١
±ҪʳĽö׵Ҹʺϵ¶Ҳ˽չܱߴˣȥ˸ս˵ȦˣŰҶûꡣ
Ҹҵǰǰֻ˵СʱĻͰ鶨

±ζҪʳҵȶԴǲЩҲ½½š
ʮһ¶ʮĻǸܺõļӣ˿š
ʮ죬ֿʹСž±ζ±ʮĸ㣬±ɸʮһ±񣬲Ǵ±ģ±֭ģʺرã˽Ͳóԡ
浽˿ӵʱ;±ζе٣ԵõЩЩˬڵĽܲ
˵Щ֥飬ϲԵģͰ±ζٰ衣

ææµµһ죬Ϊҹŵ˯̤ʵ̫ۣԴմͷ˯ˡ˶ˣ緹ּסö࣬Ҳѧ˵գ˲١
ȥɾ͸ϲżʱˡɫ˯š
ֿŮӱ̳ʱ˻Գγ۾û˯ᣬ˯˵ߴǷ
˯ˣ˯˼ʱûţô±ζô죡߶Ѹﴩš̧̧֡ת
·촩ˣֿ˵㡣ʲôʱˣվѡðӡ
˵˸ʱİøĸס˵ͳݡ

緹Ҳûʰ꣬غŴһĿţȥ
𣿡šеš
ֿҴˡ
㲻Ҹأǿ浭ҴûǼһ⣬Ƶİ
ֱͷɲǡͦͦˡҲǵƹˣ
ʲôŸոտʼҸ˵ƽ
ܵ˵öԣӽֻǸʼءֿ
ﻰ˼ⷽ棬ǺšģǼҵ϶ã±ζǳĺóأ
ԶԶԣϱ˵öԣ㾡ܰķŶظ˵
˲ˣ˵˵ЦЦţţʻ˽ȥ˵ֺǵĽӣֿʼ

ͨԺűˣҪӣ͵ǰ棬ſ˰ȣ˽ȥûʱŲȫ򿪡
˵۽ŵɳ©ӣʱܽȣʼæµæ߶ɳ©ʱһ㣬ţȡ¸סĺ
ͷǮĻʨӣΧֲ⡣
ϧּûǮ

ûǮҲûϵҸμ̵Ļŷʱߺţﻹ˸ӣ˺ܶ±ζ±ζϲ˸ϸϸǩӣƷһһǩӡ
ǩֿĸ۵ùǺڳ̫ϸˣֻһͲڶء

±ζƷ
ûʲôµ⻰Ҳ׷˹ۿ˶ֿôš
ұ𼷣𼷣һһǩӣֻƷһء
ּ±ζ֣һ±һֻ±۸ʮ˵ǮȣϲԵĿԽ꿴
µ꿪ŻݰһһһΣֻһ죬˿ɾҲû»أ
ּ±ζζرãԽ㣬öͷ¶ǣϲּ±ζƵѸ±ζѸá

ֿĺܺã±ͷ±ζѾСĹˣ±֭ر㣬±ζҲرζ
±ζˣʮͷ߸Ȥ߽
ۿ˽ֿϽȥкͷֻҸͽãӵĳ棬ȻЩ̫ڣܿɽˣûãǱҲ˺üˣֻ໨ڼҹ˿




53.  53   ϰǸӲ磡

еͷߺ, Ůŵͷ
˺ܶ࣬رӵмΪ˼
±ζ, ֿǮ, æŵ

һһ, ǲͰ
أأܲܶ͵
˵ѸƵ𣿶أ
Ҫһ±, ЩƸҡ
ô±ųԣҲû⣬ñ˲ٰ, Ұֻ
Ĳ˵ζ㣬Ҷ
ǣͷô±ζ, 波һڣӻûף˾߽˵
ϰҪİ±ζ, ϽҰôϰ춼û, ܲˣֽô

˶࣬, һ˵һ仰, ͸гƵֺ塣
ֿº˵ҲȴǳŴɤšʲôУҪҼҵ±ζ㵹Ǯ, Ǯ˭ˣЦӯӯĽƺõ±ζݸˡһһ±⣬ʮǮҪЩ, ͷõڹϡ
ǮֿӻǮϻüЦļкŵĿˣ޶õԹոҺҽеӣѹûôƵġ

ϲв٣ЩҲ볢ƵζΣѸĲ԰ײԡ
ææȴһ㶼ңһһεļţ˳һ䡣Ҫ΢رر󻹻ܰѡҼҵеζ㣬ǲһ΢ɡ
±ζ󣬻¸˰ãЦŵݸ˿͡

˵Ҳ͸ö඼ֻ˰±۸ģȴҲõġ±ͷҪԹ㣬ʮǮһɺ³ļѲ˼ǮǰǮһ
̫۸ˣĿǰ˵Ҳûʲô

ϰͣƾʲôûͣȻ٣ôҲչ⣬ôͲЩͷңҲ̫Ʋˣûôɡ
Ӳ磬ֿŷӲӲλӣ۾ϸˣֻ±ɡ˵ţӶŮù˳ӣɹϣƺãܱߵȺתȦֻɣҵûͷ
ֻβ𣬲˵һࡣ
һҲһͰͰ϶ûеģҪôˣ˲ƽҿ⣬һһǶ򣬲Ҳǿ󡣡

ӶһЩǷǣ˿Ѱ˼ţϰǸӲ磡

æµʱܻ÷ɿ죬˿յ̧ͷɳ©ʱصĽʱѹԼ˹ɷζ
ֱ¹ӳԡֿڴڵĺˮһ˵ûƽʱ˵ˣɤӶҪð̵Ĵһȥռ㻨ˮȡ
ҸĸסҺͶŵͶȻش

±ûʣ٣Žӡ±棬ʣö࣬ʮ˽һʮһʮĽûˣͦãֻʣʮһ㡣
ŵ±ζأһŽ⣬˻ᣬ˵ǽһ׬һʮǮͷ±Ǵͷн߰Ǯʣµĸɶ࣬ǰˣʮǮֻлſʮǮ

٣Ŷʮһ˽룬ļ۸ҲʮǮһļۣȴʮǮ
ͷҲͳȥͷܵ˵ͳȥͷֻܶ࣬˰һЩҲһͷֻ֮ͣģųζ
ԳԵ±ζģûʱ

ǲͷ϶ãǮЦЦ˵ŻͳȥĶǮҲ֪զġ
ֿԶûжŮôֹۡûͷֻ٣ȻҲ١
öԼĵ㣡һɸֵģʴ˵ûдǵ±ζô㣬Թһأ׼ŵڶأŵأһȥĿɲͳˡҲ˵±ζ궼ûպá
ͷùҽ˵һô±ζҳζررζҿţûͷҲܺá
ð̫ࡣﱦȫ챿̫˵ɰͰ͵İοţʵҲװ˵ǡ

óզͻȻˡôãŹһ͵һӣĥʲôûãһһӣٿֳɱⴿܵһģһҲвǮοһꡣ
ԣʱǮĵط٣ҲЩҸ˾䡣룬ᵽÿ¼ӵ棬ԶԶ
ֿһˣҲûôͣЦЦ˵öԡ̫࣬ѾˣôҲóסߣǳ緹ȥ˵

Թ緹ﱦȫ˫̥˼ңɽҲ˼ңﻹʣֿĸˣԼŮֶŮ
ûߺȣ˲١
ҸȥҾլլﻹЩûʰףֿ˶ŮڵøװЩ±±ζռȥ

һ⣬ֻռϤ㣬ܵùȥ򽻵һиʲô⣬Ҳ˰æ
æءûˣֿͦˣ˵Ļ˵أܴܲ򿴲
ͷдʲô̧ͷۣº͵Цš㰡
԰ӿţŵ˵У˳±ζ򲮳ֿ˳һ±ζҼҵĵڽͷأּ±ζ
֪ͷ·¡֡
ֺֿǺǵصýģЩ㳢±ζ˵ңҼҹŮҲǶأӹԽ
ǸǮǿⶼӦõġ

ֿռòûдã˵˼뿪ˡ
Ͼ˼ҲҪæˣôй˵˵һѸ֪ӡ

֮ǰһֱûʲôϸʣֿ߹ӱߺ˵ҵ飬ϸ׽Ρ
رϸ¡
һ·һ·˵Ż˲Żص

е衣
ֿ̲סЦǲߺⲻ̫ã
ԡ
õûʲô򣬾׮⡣Щ±ζô죿
ûؼҳ¡ֿ˵ɼˡҷһúʡ
㻹鿪Цأ
ֿŶŮҿûЦȥ٣ϻȥ͹䣬ͷǿУһ죬Ͳˣζվеͼζǹؼ
øˡ

ʱ磬Ҳδʱĩڵ磬ʱؼһһʱãӦûȥһ㡣
ֿŶŮźӣ˼̫ؿɲã˼ҳԱʱʱĻһʱ䣬ĵԵ˲١
һһŹֱ̨ͦ˶ƹ

ҪʱҸˣţ
Щ±ζûȥߡɫأٵȻɣϾҪˡ
ԶԣȻȥšõһ쵱ƹ˷ܵĺܣѹš
Ҹž͵ҪȻȻȥҰͻؼңһٺͽ
ҲСֿóĶһһװݸ
ӡҵҪ֪׼˵ҡ
Ҫ˵㣬˵ӲҪģ˵ҡ
ù̬ǿӲֻýסӡǣùãͷô˵ˣɲ
ֿķ




54.  54ͷ   ӣͷˣ

ص, ɫЩɡ
ֿû飬ߣӿʼԱߴ֡
ĸŮ߶߶˵Ż

, û, Թͻ塣ԺҪŵ, ǸǮ, ٵĸɻܵи˹˿, ĻЩЩģҾ͹˵Ҹֻûæ졣
ֿ̫ͬ, Ķӡ㻹źء
Ҳ֣ܵи˻ȥ֧ӦšЦЦҴôЩӣӹ, ˵̥, ģý, ʱʱľ͹, ɱҡ
⣬ֿҲö˵ʲôаɣҪ֧ӦǧҪңҹȥۡ
϶ģЦӦš

˸, ˰ײܲ˿ȵȣ˱ǣζرá
С룬˴Ҹͽá
ҹڻ, ڵζůȺأ·ǼҸ£ֱУ⡣

붯ؿšóԣ̹óԣҲóԣܡ
ֿͬҲ붯û˹ͷ㿿ˣЪҸǻˣԹʰ̨
Ӧÿ˰ɣͷɫ춼͸ˡСعšҲ֪ߺòãʣµ±ζûꡣ
ֿЩӸˣеκŻﻶԾĻ磬Դտյġ
ûӦֺ

ʲôأʳ󣬴ֵ㲻õ⣬Ķȥ
รֱˡֿ̿ŶŮػ˾䡣ãҲġ

ҸڸǮ򣬽Ѿϲصĳ˳Ҹϲ£
ǲ±ζˣվͰͶĿɷ
Ӵϱô˵ôĻеơһǸϲ
˸ۡϲƨôɤţͲûһ߸ߣ˷ܳˣ϶±ζ¡
ϱúٺٺٵЦţϱ˸ĴָȻ㵸˵

ԭǸûãĵýӶ⡣
һ˶еŲסƤ߸˳±ζкŲŽĿˣԵȻ˵úЦЩ˵ҲԸȣȵʱأ˵˻
˼ǣ±ζȥⲻû˰ۿ˳ʱһľͿʼèץƵģڲУסķҲסĶӵŵĶּǵ±ζ
ЩأƽʱͰ±ζҲϲȾƣ±ζ򣬵ûô㣬ǳҲûô
ּ±ζʵ̫ˣ

ææµµĽǵĻЩҵͱ̤ʵˣ˶ֱͦ˲٣ģԳִ
Щţּ±ζǵȣҲӵȡ

Ҹ˼ңҲæڲˮûȣóţߡ
ϵʱûΪûأûļʧͼ۾ĳž˵
±ζˣĻ˸ɾкü򣬿ϧûˡ
ʧɫﰡ͸̶͸ˣǵЦֹֹס

ɾĽʰãͺ˸ţǻش塣
һ·ϣҸ˵ߺ£Ž˵ϸѾǵˣ
ԱҸĬĬ룬Ц˵ˮϴСϵķ˶ϲˣҪҪԷҶӶúܣȳˡ
ҪԣҪԣҪԣ̫ĸ÷ˣϲģˮ㻹ζãϱһٸϸϸ߶ȳԷɰˡ˵ۣȴЦϲǵĺӡ

ɷϸϸ߶£ú㣬Ȼ˻塣
¹ܺãҪյ͵
Ҫúð£һǮţöԵ⹤Ǯ
֪Ʋ졣ϱ˵úֻǣ֪ãҸҲãرأҵﶼûôҺù
еڨڨȻƮǮͦ࣬۲ʱġǰûӣҶúùӣһĺӣţúúõþӪţǺãǣͺú£ǧԵͷô˵㶼
ǰզ˵զ˵ֻ£ӺúšӺããҲáöúܣ۵ģסϱ֡ģҶҪˣҹӣңҵġ
˵ף˿ɷ߿˿ͷ̵ء

ּߣŶŮŮ뿪ֿҲûŽ˯÷ʡ
Ǻ£㴿ж١
õöǼ򵥵İ֣ϰʲдЩ˿ǹ㣬ôԼҶӵģ˵ļʷӣ͵͵̿ϰ˺þúþء
پȦ±±Ȧ±⣬СȦ㣬±Ҳôֵģ۸ӸߵδС

ҸҵĽϵȺ⣬ʮһǣϵļ۸ʮģ㣬ż۸񲻹һ򣬼Ҫ˵ֱ͸ǡ
̯ⲻôãһһֻּҪʮſꡣ

±ζǻضʮһּ±ζĶȻ
±ζ˵㣬ʣµĶѼǮҲҪգﲻڴܱȫɽĺܡ
뵽£ֿԱߵĶӵҪҲܶʱʱĻѲľ˵˵
Ҳ¡ҸǲҪþõס
ǣҪпܵĻ϶ססǿ
ҸͷܹլӵǮٰȥլһҲҪüᡣ
Уġ

ĸһûһ˵żҳֿһã˵Ҳʣ˵㣬ģӾԱ߿ء
СʱҸ²ʡ𣿽촿ж٣
ͿˣٵȻߣҪȻӾˡֿͷҲû̧˵˾䣬˻ᣬſӡͦǮֳɱ۳۽æһ죬˶ٶġͷۡʮġ
Ҹˣ۾ɵеԲͦɰǲˣǽһǧǮأ˵һǧϣզֻʣ¸ͷˣ
ɱӵĳɱֿŴȣеżʳĳɱǴͷȻ⣬ǮǮͳͷȵȣϸϸģɶɶˡ
⡣ҸɵˡôģΪɱ˵þʳĳɱ
ֿһĻءǮģԽȥ۵˵ĲǽĴһľ͵üһģӶҲǮţ
ۿѵģҸĸǰţЦԣ˵öԣȷʵҪô㡣һٶģһɣ˵ҵڵˣǾͿǮլӡ룬˵ԺӰɡ
Ժӣ᷽ܶࡣ

ĸ˵Ժ£լӰӰذ;ûǾӣͷˣ
ڴϣ˯ˣﶼģǻЦ

ڵŸոմںأ·賿峿ء
ֿǶӺԳγεشѡˣﻹŨŨ⡣
Ҹվڳſ˵ʮ㡣
զô񣿡ֿú档ҾͲŪ緹ˣʲôͳʲôͷǵø˶ǮлǰӶҶҪš
æ˵ҳԹ緹ģϱ˰ӣСأʱ򣬻ģóԵĺܡ
У˯аźظʡĵģ˵ô磬æ󣬿϶Ӷͷʹ˵˵ˣֱȥԡֿ˵߰±ζװľͰ
Ͱģϴɾɹ˺üգ͸˲ùá±ζҲֱӷľͰľͰﻹֽʱֽҲɱͷˡ

ҸŮţ΢΢˵ɻúܣֿ˸ǷԥĻɱ˯
˯±ζŽ˯




55.  55   Ҫ࡭

Ҹڵ˻æ, ûʲô£լȥլĻвٻ
լǰ, ſ˰, , ƼԺɻ, ˣ
ûã˳Ҳ, æş̌ͷ˵û£
šҸͷһס
˳ЦҸʱҴ˰¨, ؼҵʱǵôϡ
Ǹʲô
ù˺öණҵ￴۵ĺܡվڴԳ˵Ҹ¨ɿһҪûؼңҪȻ, ҵô, ¶첻á
⻰Ȼпĳɷ֡
Сһŵġ

̸˼䣬˸æ¡
æµʱ, ܻʱ÷ɿ, Լż㣬ŷѾʱ
ҸҪؼңһشԷ
Ǵ緹˳óֵͷЦú㡣ǰ, ررóԣҸҪҪ
ֻͷôУһּȥԹһ
ҡҡͷ治, һţôˣ㻹ôʮȥ
ɣȥҲҪ緹ˣǼһȥԣҲУЩ±ζųԡҸ˵Ҫֻ֪Ըͷ˵ץǻؼҡ
ãҸģȥӦš

˵£Ҹլȥ
ǴɱҸͷ¾ȥң߽Ҫ⣬ȻŻصȥլ
Ҫؼң˳ȥ
ʮ⣬ĸ㣬һͲӹǣһˮֵǮ˼˼˼ͭ塣
һһֽǮֿĹأսҪʡЩ
ӽҳҸó·˽֣ĸˣһ±ζͷԣҲ֪˵ʲô˺ֺǣҲûкЦջߡ

ۿҪ£ֿ˷ֹѸļ䣬ʲôҪ׼ûУѬ¡
ԷʱͺͶšͽ˵˵ûЩⱸѬ⡣
ڻɣҸ롣Ҳ٣ǽѬ⣿
ñֿҲĻش𡣡Ѭ̫٣ǳԣɲ͵ǱҲ͵㣬˵أ˵ЦѬ⣬ǻѬΣ¹±ѬгɱƬͣĶҪţζرãҲ԰ǵ
Ҹ˵žеҪҪѬŵˣҪߵ㡣
ҲԣǵѬζҸȥɨɨ̯򼸸ҽ±ʼѬ
á

ؼʱҸ˺üΣÿΪĸŪԹоٺٺٵЦȥСƻˣҸڡ
ҸҪ±ģԣٹ졣

ⲻãͷԵŮֿګƵʣ˳ֽ˹ȥͷие÷ɿ⣬ǰ˵ţ보ˣֱӳҲУٳߡ
ҡͷͦãûʱ±ζȫˣҾԶ±㡣
ȿȼ˵
߶䣬ֿ¶ŮŮϽȥ
ҸȽߺ󣬲źĸ׵Ϊģ׼Сƻȡ
⺢ӡֿ̿ͱԡ

ʮֳ£Ҳϲβһͷһ£Ҳһ¡
ﶼͷعηֿļûʲô£ϲڻԣһһţӻЬ
ֹѸóЬļֿҲѧգǺŲر

Ҹ˵լӲõò࣬ԸŻҪҪȥ浽ǹ
ֿҲһֱ£Ӧӣæͷ¾ȥǡ
죬³ûûƮѩŷ磬бȽϷ㣬ҸͽţȥϪ塣
浽Ҳһӹˡأ׼ر£˰ʮҵӣԼʮŴײˡ

ҲǸɵĺӣĳ浽Ļ
ּס˺ü죬ֿѵóԺúȵкţ³ǻȥʱ۳žͼ˵㣬ҲˮЩ
ʱżҸ˲ٶȥʱҲûӿ֣±ζ˰ֻǰҲװһء

ϽֳʱЦúϲ£죬۾г൱Ҹ֣һֱ˵ҪԷҸ׻û£Ѱ˼һڼ̫壬һ緹ܻؼҾͻؼ
Ҹ˺þãﻹ߶š׼ҿãҲ̫Щҳţӷ·𶼼˵㣿ء˵ź˷ܡͷҾ˵׼Ǹõģ޶һ֣˵أ
ͷźû˵һᣬ˵׼ˣǺܺദԺ˳
ֲɵôõ׼ơϳŴǲڼңİһ±ζؽԸ֪Ҳԣèͷûʲô±ζŸ¾Ƴԡ
СҶһ룬ʣµĹǡ
һѰ˼٣ϰܵ

Ҫࡣ
ҸŮǻȥʱȥҶ򣬰ｻõĶ롣
ףףףСףף춹࣬ʣʣӣǣǡ
һܶҲҿҸãһ©ȫ롣ǲסҲûϵ˵ЩҪõʳĻȥһһĸã׵ĺܡ

죬ֿѵ˸紲Űࡣ
հãẒ́ϽװһţҸ͵ȥ
ڵҸʱ̶Сʱڣкü˼ҹࡣ

Ըӭźڵţ֤⻧˼ãΪ˺ʵյԽʹԵá
ֿʵе⣬Ȼյ˺ü룬඼ͦŨ
ҸҲû˵Ͻʢ࣬ȥ
Ȼͻȥ

һһصģһ͹ȥˡ
ֿͦģסҲͦãҼһϵܣôһůܽ˹ĵӿ˵øУ̲ס
ƽʱʵ̫ŵҳҶ̣߶ϲ

̫Уʱһαһ죬˹ûþСꡣ
ֿѳ޵ŮؼҳԸԲʮȻûʱģǵڷҡ
ҸΣʶӡ
ð˶֣ȥ￴ûҾԼȥϪ塣




56.  56С   һӳԲ

˸, մиţ߹, Ѱ˼Ż˭ء
İ, ɫ, ʱ˭
ţ߽˵, ϸۣ·Ҹ, ûɣſȥ̽źҸ
㡣
ҸӺܻϲЦôǼ£
С꣬˵ǻؼҳԸԲ, ߴһ
ԭ£˿Һһ׼ȥ, , ݳԸߡ˵Żͳݺ, Ҹ˨ţ
û˵, Ҹ㲻úͻȥˣ޺͵һȥԡ

ҸˡڻԼŶϱ˵Ϊ, һӴ׼Ҿ˾ˡվʲôţ, ϴϱҸݱ衣
ˣҸò˵˵һ鵽ʱɫѾȫ͸
ԷҸƴƣǴӼܵʵؼң˵䣬ҪȻһѡ

ԷʱҸͺĸ˵ʵ̫ˣɴûмôһرһ硣
¡ֿüЦĽӻҲףϵҪģ׼Ҿͺӹסܸ˵浽ҽ̵úܺã˵Ľζĥţһ
ҸͦˡһӶѣ͹ҿദĺܺãСϵãȻ᲻һǺ¡
ҲôģҪǾͺúдţ

ֻˣԷҲǲ壬ĸлģһ½һ
ǻȥʱͰѬõζǴȥÿô´ҲСҲգֿͶʶĸл˵
ҸͷҪҪǰã
ҪҪ裬ҪһҲУҲ¶

˵磬ֿ׮¡ǱߣǲǸ÷ǮǿҲͦף죬첻Ҫ
ʱ˵ʱǮһ£˵ǹͲ˵ģʮǮһ죬絽Ҳͦġ
ֻ÷ֻҪǮһ¡
û취ˡ

ŷһҸ롣ƶ򲻻ա
ղ£Ƿⲻǵ£˵ҪǾ͵棬ͷءֿŻԶϸϸЩ˵꣬п˾䡣ⷽҾãò̫׵ǹϵ󣬱̫ٺãִҲע⡣
˵ңҸڵҿ˳ϵ˺ܶ࣬һɻԭż˵žԱƺҲ˵㡣
ɩܰȰĻȥٺòˡֿе㿪ġǴ£ô˵˵ȥɣʱˣܻѹ

С꣬һӳԲҹһ졣
ֻҪ±һԵ±ζֿɼˣܿʰ׵ڻůů壬Ⱥģůı
Ҹ£žǣܸůʵıѣһ˯Ȼѡ

ó٣Ҹ磬ϰˣȿ𣬼ȿյò࣬ݺҨ˰λµĻӲԳȼյȿǣֻðһһ̣νЩһѬģѬãζ㣬ֺ㣬žͿˮġ
˵ǶУҲͷûʲôũ⻹в¡
ҸȻæţŽæ࣬ﻹû𴲣׼ߣЩľ￪˸ӺرķѲľпվȥɽһܱȫɽתתŲٿ֦ľ

÷˵ǴˣŴС
ҸԶͳɤӺ
Ҹ汻Ҳ̫˵ɣﶼû𴲡æ׵ˣ
ʲô¡ðڰ֡ϰżҾˡ
˵ұ˯ˣ˵ѼʰʰޣЩֵġ
Ҫ˯˯ᣬ緹ɣҸ˵緹˯ϧӦÿˡ

ھأһ᷸˯ȥ緹˵ʲôûҸǰ׼׼
Ҹҡҡͷٸ˵£֪
ϱҸջ緹Եֱôþû˹ġ˵ʱû¿ˮ
ġĺܣ˸ۡҲԸ㣬ʲô͸
Ըǣǰ˵ۣû˵ˣ͵ֹţΪȥ˳ҲŽ룬ʱ͹ȥˡ
˵»ãߡɱٸ˵¶ﱾ͵ңŲá
㲻Ҷ˵Ҳ֪ĸ˵ȥĺܡ
۵
ĽöʱЩ顣

ʲôأֿ߽˵ʲôأʲô˵ˡƵġ
緹ʲô
ʲôʲôʲôθںãʲôá
ɷ򡣡УҸȥ
еƣͷҸ˵ֱ

һͨ緹׻ֱ
óԵر㣬һֱЦЩƮƮȻ
ϱ˵ﻹģĸСҲСʱûгĸĳζû뵽˶Ҫˣһ»ˡ
ӣԽԽ𣬻ԽԽ˳ˡ

ӷ˵磬Ҳͦ磬ųʱأӾʹӵּҡ
ʱҲ˶һ⣬ŵβ㣬ģ׸⣬ģ˵⣬ǰʱǰ˵㣬ԭʹЩ׸⡣
ֿҪˣȴǲˡ

һ緹Ե÷ʢ֣˵˵ЦЦ֣ѵõϲ졣
·ĴΪֳּʲôϲأһʲãԭǹСԸԲ֪Ƕ룬ֹѸԺã׺ЩǸˡ
ȥЩţѻĬĬĥּȷе˵ɡ
СǸܺõС֮ǰ̫ּ±ζʮͷ߸֪

ּҳԲǲͷۡ
ϲϲسԹ緹ʱֿζװӣһģһˮ˵൱ƽ

ţ׼ӿ϶öǿֻ
룡Ȼôζ
˵ֱ̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ˡһ߶Цüۡϱģ˵ʲôʱԣǾʲôʱ
ҿϾˡԺЦ˵ȥСƻүģζѬãζֱǿꡣ
һĴȡҿУɣܴȥּ±ζ±Ҳúóһ١
磬ּ±ζû⡣ɽ˾䡣
Ӿ͵±ѬģгɱƬܼ;ܳԡ
Уź̵ͷӦ˸֡




57.  57ʱ   ʱ롭

լӵʱȻ, ҸͷУĸ˵ȥ, öҲؼЪЪΣ
ԡֿӵʮҲû, ʮ, ǵø˵˵, ٿš
á

գſʼһ, ҸۣĴůı´ѣڳݡ
賿, Źرĺǿ׳ʢҸʶĹϵĶͷ˳
ͷ, ǽĻ, ˸ſ𣬻ůĲɻ

ûֿҲ, ߴŹǷߴҴҽ˳
Ҫѩɣֹ˾, üͷ÷·Լֻӡ
Ҹͷеȥ޾ͳɣЩҶᡣ±ζϾõġ
һæ

ĸ˵Ż, ͻȻ˽ͬʱҸѩˣ̫ڿ, оѩ
Ҹջ˵Ҫѩӡֿ˱ˮðȥˣڼŴôҲҸûʲô£ӣʱȥ
úԥҡͷҾϲҪȻôٸһȥ

ֿЦϱźӣͲģ
ͷõĺܣڼЩʡʡ£պøʱ䡣˵ֲСӣĺܣʲôʲô²Ҫģؼ׼Ҹҷۡ
аɣӣһֱصʮˣȻٿš
ʮ˾͹أҿöʮŹŵģһͶһǮţþúÿϧ
ֿ̿ǣǺǲһˣû㱸ҪĶ
˵أҶţ׼

л䣬¶æ׵±ζŵţϣֿվſǣ˲Żسûȥ˯
Щϰߣʱæ˻ȴǼЩ
΢ĿȻСѩ
֪˯Żš
ֿѰ˼ţؽŴɡȥ

ڻԱӣ£ĸ׵һ¾ͼ˻ϲ
ôˣ۽üҶЦ
ѩأ㣬緹ûֿɨ۳̨ɸɾҲ֪ʰأѹû
⻰ĴĿˡûʲô£˲ٽӣϳԵþǽӡ
һûء
ҸŪо²ڶģùһ˵ת۸ˡеա⻳кЩǲס£꺢ӻ᲻ЩҪһֱĿɲɡ
ֿľ飬ϽֹѸļ䡣ӦûЩһǵʱûء

ĸŮҲǺл˵ģǵҳҶ̣߶߶Щ顣
ţʱ͹÷ɿ졣
ۿҪʱ˵緹¡
ҸؼҳԷҶûߡֿ˵žҪģһȥ˵꣬žû̫׵ѩ·Ǵڼĺá
Ҳôģֻĸ뿪

˽ݣʱ壬ĻҲСĴܡ
ͷԼĶӣǳǳЦˡ
꣬ˡ

ʮӹţûȡ£ֿģ˵ž͹ţؼҺúϱ
úʧĻ˼ҡ
ίģܲЦ

Ϊʲôʮ˹ţֿ׼ҹꡣ
ϸ꽥ӹҲ̫Ӳʣһһ꣬Żϸס
ּСм仹иɷڣ
Ȼ룬ǻҸ

ҸЩԥʮүȥּ֣ƻûУžͲ̫áȥүҳԸҹꣿ
ҲáӲ̫ͬ⣬ֿã˵㣬Ŵִͬͳǹأ˵ġ

ʮ죬ֿ𴲣±ζ⣬æ꿴ʱѾʱĩ
ҸζȡŽ˵ֽ
ڴûн赽ţĸ·ȥ塣
ҺýͦãûҲûƮѩ

׺ʣۿҪ꣬ȥ
˵ǻңЩګƣ룬ֹѸԳ޵ĹŮãҲǶãⶼʮ˻ȥһ¨Ҳ֪װʲô
󷽣±ζȷʵãŶõĹ⾰˲Ǯ
˵˵ȥͱּҿ±ζ귢˲ƣԽԽ
Щ˶ּұ˼⻰˼ǰסҲۿҪ̫꣬ޣҪȻԵ̫ӡ󲻺á

Ҳʹũһ㣬һڻԣﱦȫӰ໨Ů߻ͷæ£߶żҳպܼ
ͷеŶ˵һֱŴЦ

䣬ǹŵģҲʹԿϸͨ
ɩֿţñ˵
˳Ӧ죬ܹţЦӴáùãҸأ͸Źɼ
ǴúҸˡ໨Ͻݲ衣ݣ·أûţ
Ҹϵȡµݸ˾ˡ·ģ䣬ͦȺ

߽ˣͷֺǺǵЦҪŮ
ֿҸԱȥĺ˵Ż
໨Ŵô䣬ԳƵϷʢֵĳʳĿ̣߶߶˹УôණҲأԵģԸԶá
ͷɣͶ౸ЩҲв١ֿЦŻص

ﱦȫãֿĬ˻ǮŸҸȢϱϱҲҸʮˣզûء
Ȣϱͷ֣۵С
ֿæ˵Ӧÿˣ￪˸أӹúãҸ˵׾ˡ

ԡߴ̽ţûϡ໨ôôĳʳ˻ԡҪǱĲҲͰˣǹǸõģģֽҲİô޳ȥĹŮóȥˮԸң£ĻۿţۿţҲ˵ġ
ֿͬɩ˵öԣôմ˶ֵ˼ңǿҪ𡣡֡

˵ҸĻ£Ҹ˾ͰţҲûô˵
˵˵ȥ֪䵽ϡ
ʮҲǿ˵˼ˡ

ֿɩ˵Ļ£֪ҪôӻãðɣʮǲҲ˵㣿
ִûأʮ˲ųꡣȻǹŴʮȷʵԳޡ
ҲСѰ£ûϵ÷涼׵С
໨šüͷ涼׵˼ңҰУҲһܿҾҸ˼ңһӺͺͺסţС̤ʵܸɣܺúùӵģ߰ݵǲˣЩҲ˷ԣʵڡ

ôһ˵ƺҲеֿûҿ䷽£Ҳõʵ֣ЦŸ͵䣬·Ҳ˵úܶԣͷǳЦţģЩߡ
һʱ䣬֪أЩζ
ǰ˵ҸʱҸãǸرСӣĹҲȫϡ
ģ㣬ֲ߲ݣҲǷɫԺЩ׾ЩĻȫԳƵϳ֣Ǹرڿ춮µĹɻԵÿԵۡ
ʵҲǸܺõĺӣȫСӡ
ϧ뷨̫ͬ׼ȷ˵ʱ룬밮йأþҸ㣬Żųס
ңԼ˸ѸýͲôպ͡
ϣҸΪ˳׶ףĹףȻ󣬲Żס




58.  58   һ

֪ĸԹøϻؼ, ໨סߣӿʼ
һ˶ʱæµԼܸɵĻ֡
ֿҸû, ͷ, Ը֡ĸͷ˵, ˵, ˵ӣ˵, ˵浽Щ顣
ͷýζỺ˵飬ĵú, ỰҲ˵úȴܺá

ԹʱŸոսʱ, ʱſʼƮ, ͬʱҲƮССѩ
ﱦȫ֪Ľ˸ţŴĸؼҡ
, ֿ, ׻ǿ˵˾䡣磬£ҾãӺһ, Ҳһ£ÿСܲܳ£סԸϱ˶٣˵ʹӵķ, ʱҲͦӹţҲˣҪѧ׺ﻤס

СҺɩѰšﱦȫҲЩ뷨ºͶѩǰżˣʱҺã̫ѩ޽ң̫ʹɽһ磬û뵽׺󣬶ѩĵġ
˵£ﱦȫ˼ЩƮԶҸæӹţĻ

ֳֿڲסĳݣĬ˻ſڡµӣʵҲԺģҿǸܳµģҲܻס޶
ӹЩﱦȫ˵ɬ
˾ˣҲȫҸӴˣ̲ס˵䡣ҿ̫أԸСҶƲŲܣĵ

ﱦȫסˣе㲻ţګګؿŸţ
磬㲻ͷֿɻʡ
Ҹ⻰
ֿ״Լֳ֪˵˵

ﱦȫ죬¸֣׻ûѻ˵ȥ
죬ûЩ¡

硣ֿ鲻̫ԣеҡɩӦԼ뷨ġ
ѹԹҡ
˾ˡҸڵ֮ǰôʵѾûйϵҪԺ󣬴õ㣬Ǵã֪ȻԹԡ
ﱦȫͷû˵

ƽմ壬ּǰﱦȫû³Ժʹ˵䣬Ҵææˡ
ֿվ£ţԶȥüҲ˳
ʮʲô°ɣ
ǻҡ
š

໨ע⣬㶯Ͻȥš˳˸ɷϵѩţǮİɣ
ţǮ
໨ɷ˵ɰͰ͵أɤӱƵģΪǶˣִˮϴ˱ڵĲ衣

˳ߴߴ˵ŻʱʱĴ䣬ϱҲ˵˵һ޵Եģ˯ˣﱦȫĿ̵ɨӣϱϡ
ô˻Ƶġ໨ָǰɨɨĵĶͷմ˺ɣûĲǵҪʹǻȥ˳򰲸Ҳаˣ֪֪÷ϣԼʱȡ
ϱ߶߶ﱦȫ˻ᣬûĺþ̤ʵˣҸ˵öԣǰôҪˣҪԺôõ㣬ȷʵҶԲס

ֿҲںͶһԵʲô
ҹǴƵʱֳԵҹ˻һñ߳Ա˵ֺǺϲ
˵ֻּˣջǵУմ־մܰ

Ҹݺ׽ֻ¸ʰ޸ɾ
ֻֿСʱƮŨ㣬㽫СƵ¯ϣ¯ԷţĸһһߣһЩкõߣ˿ƬȣһǸһֻ
̺õĲˣ齴մմٷŽζ˲ڿǻըůԵûȺ
ϵˣԼɿһͣҲǼΪóԡ

̹õĲĸԵú߳Աżҳ
һֱҹʱҸҲϽóԼı񣬵ȼӵǰּſҲžı
ԶСֽţඣ굽ඣ
·вٴ˵ĺҹ˲ͱɸϲ졣

ֿҸվ˻ᣬܿѽůĳ

ȡ
Ҹ񡣡᲻ü壿
ᰡֿ̫ͻȻ˵⻰˼٩˾䡣Ҹǲˣ
ҸԾĻ磬Ĭ˻ᡣ֪ͦãȻǰﾭߣȢϱӣҲøӣڣҲ֪
Ϊ׶סֿԼ뷨Щ棬ʱǺģ˵ȢһúһӣһôܵȢĹȢĹǲԼϲģ˵ҪʵֺҪõķޣӻرģ²ԣ
ֿ˵¶ڣܽ˾䡣Ļ£ҲĲ֣˹̽ұԼȥȥ˽⣬⣬ǺõġȢŵĹϱúӣȥһ죬Ҳˣ뱲ӣԣҸϣҸ㣬֪ůĺù

һֱ賿ʼƽʱ𴲣ҼһϨ𣬹غŴɽůıһ˯ʱ
Թ緹Ůٴѣͷȸеĳ߰ף٣Ȼ״ѣ໥ף

ҸŰֿ꣬ѲϹһӣ׹Űꡣ
һ죬ﵽϲ϶Ц˾ʹкһź
˵죬һ죬Ҫ֣ϤĲϤģֻҪͬˣĽ̫꣬Ϥı뿪¼ȥϤЩľþЩ߶߶˵Щҳ

ڴ嶼˹˲Ǳˣͷż飬ûݣͿʼšӣԸڣ˹һ˳ڷɣ̩ļƽ帣ţ˳Ǹգ˷ƣžͬģʮȫʮһ
ﻹûߵף⻰ĴЦ

죬˼飬ֿȻҲкţڵĲˮϵĸϹ
ϳǸڴ֪е죬ʹȤӣ⻰ĪǱ˺Щ죿ֲʶһΪ˰ô˳
ģĲ˵䣬Ϳʼˣҹ˯˻ڱ
죬ƤҲǸģ˵ȤԸǻΧһ¾ͳˡ
˹ţ֣᲻뿪Ÿ٩ɽ

ҸͷתȦʱƼ֣е
Ҹˣ˵һİף˳
һֹЦˡ




59.  59Ʊ   ƱĺȻá

ϰ, ͨǳŮҸĸ͸
ֿŽûϴͼŮüЦĹˡ
, , , Ըµһ긣⡣ 
ϲ˵껰, ԼĶӣŸɤѧ˵, ã޸Ըµһ꣬⡣
, ѵĹ޶յֿսŮĶ, ˵ŻҲԸѵĹ޶, µһܳ˯ְ֡
ɷµĵͷллѡ
⺢ӡֿЦļ򡣡ԽԽƤˡָڵĲ衣û緹ɣ
û, üû, ر緹Ÿ˵һ㶼
µĴվҰ֡
ջ𡣡ð˸Сǰš

Ҹӭź㣬򡣡š
Ҹɶȥˣ
ݺļţ
ɾһûһš

Թ緹û, ӷҲˣӣеˡ
ȻûԼĸĸүң
⺢ӿأ׷Ҫ档Ρɩ, ܲ˵Ҫſۣ÷һ

ֿˮѹ۾еأϴ
óϹ
ӣмˣӸϴŶ˾䡣һɫԽˣལСʱûôˮﻹĽ
ĸءŴ棬˵ͱȽע⣬ûƵģĸ׶ĺá浽ͷأϻؼţƺûߣѴÿĵԽ׾ÿ
˵ŮЦӽһȫǴɫﶼ˵źÿˮ顣
СҼҾ͸öഩɫҪͲôˡֿ˵˾䡣
ĸŮ˵ǵĻɾҲл̸Ļ£ĺܡأгкȣҲǻϲ

˶Χãһ緹Եúܼ֣˭Ҳûߣѵõľһ飬ڻпġ
ۿɫһҰ˵뿪¡
ʱ˵˾䡣Ҫأǧˡ
ˣⶼ͹ˡ
֪û˳ݸꡣ

µҲ赲˽һŻȵƹġ
컹ڣͼѾӵĹˣϵЦ൱Ĳãȴ⻹Ҫʡ
ͷȥʱһ´ֱԡ
áֿЦ˵ǮأԺõ㣬ʲô͵ʲôǵø˵ͳɡ
úٺٵЦ⻰ҿɾͳƤˡ
ܳԣֿӾ֣˵úˡ
һԼڣûסЦ

һ쿪⣬ܲ׼õʮ±⣬Щ±ŸаɣȻʱ͸ˡ
üŴҹĸľͿʼ˵û±ζˣǰʱ͸ˣ
ãֿе⣬۹ȻɾĺءǶ±㡣
˵ǵ±ζζãأڼţ˺ܶ࣬ҺҹˣҪȻһ˻æָָԼɷ򡣡ûӵˣЦӴ͸ɽɽƵġ

˵ʱ򣬻˽±ζ˵û±ζʧ߶զЩǺˣƽûô֡
⻰˵ҲֱֿͷôֺǺǵ뿪ǹȥ˳ݸꡣ

±ζʱֿ͹ŸЩӦöʮ⡣
ڿţüӼУȽ׵ļӵʮûÿټʮرĿܼ;ãֻǻ±Ҳ
˵ģֿʹѡ

ӽҳһɵķ㣬Щ˼Ѿʼ
÷ּҳԵְŴֽ±û£һء
ֿ̫ģҸһ͡

±ζһֱܺãȫܳϺ֣±ÿͿʮãţżҲЩŵʱܵ˵ʮǺȵġ
±ʳĵĿ죬ҸżңżĴһ˻
ųǮӣ׼Ҿ˾ˣ·ڿү㣬۾еˣЦøûݡ
Ҹ˵ί˵Ҫż±ʳģֱӾôпյʱˡ
Ͳżˣһ˻ܻ¡

£⽥ЩҲû٣ȥտǻᣬҪԼõ㡣
һһյĿʼůһǣҪʼæµˡ
Ҵ⼸լʰȻúõũ
ԣͳɡ

ѮҸæլӵ¡
ֿȥң˵˵
źӺеˣס²ľȥۡ
СѾͷֿͬһȥ

լӣõúܼŴ󷽡
ǽ˸̳δŶϱϲĻݣһѣүŴǮسģ˵㳤꣬˸Ѽܣ°СԲĸԲӡ
ֿҸխխʯ·һֱؽѼܣСỴ̂ȴ˼
˲ŽլӣԺһ¾ͻϲˡ
һ·ȥԽԽϲֱ׵߶˵㰡û뵽լӲõã̫ƯˣҶסǶϱ϶ϲ
üڲסá
ֿ˿׮¡

Ҹ֪ĸҪȥңϿŲԣʵЩţ
æĻҴææĻ˼ңɽľˡ
ʱĸ׻û·ӿտյأʲôҲû룬ֻһģ·𱻵ɤۣҲþ

ҸֿԶԶؿµĶӣûס˸߲ҵĳɤӺ˾䡣
еҸ˲侪ѡ
㿴ʲôֿóǮӳŶ²£ǵ˶Ǯ
Ҹĵ̫̫Ѹ٣Ҹˣе㷴Ӧ
ֿǮӷŽǮҸǵĹǮǵǮǰլӲõúܺãǺ⣬»ػ»ǡ
ͣͳˣ
Ȼǳˣ
ҸͷսǮӣеƮƮأͭ壬ҲӡеƱ
ƱĺȻú̡
ɵءֿǮӿ
Ҹ졣զôǮʵò˼ʣôǮšӽӹ鿪ʼ½½ҲǮ˵ʲ͹˵ǮȴҲͷЩ
㶼û򿪿֪жǮ
Ʊʮ
ֿһˡΪʮأ
Ȼأ
ϸ£мƱ
Ҹϸϸ£ΪʲôֱӴǮӣӻκأΡǡţ̫ȷ
ɣءָֿͷߣǽ˵ȥ
̫ˣ͸ͷ˵˺һᣬܱ߶û˾




60.  60һ   أ˵

ݺ, ҸʡզǮȵеȲס
ʮʮ, ǰ, ӽͰ͵ع, Ҫסʮ, ˵Ҳʮʱ䡣
ڽֻǰҲլӣʮӣ

ǮǮءֿԿ¡ϹĥʲôӦõģǮȿǮҪǿ౶, ˵˻ǰʰʰסլСլӺ󣬾;סլ̫ԴסҲҪôϸĲ, Եһ
ԭҪҪҸԷġ˵ʲôʱȥլ𣿡
˵ǰʱ, ӳ֮ǰʰ׵С
ͽôҸ, ˵²ر࣬һá
, Թ緹ȥ, ȿլĲã˵˵Լ뷨
á

ֿǮӵݸӡǮš
š
ŸʲôֿګƵʡҼ䲻ãǮǲĸ޶ûضޡ
Ҹ졣, ȻٸҲҰš
ʲôأ
šҸ֪Ҫô˵¡
˵ָҪף׸û, ȫ¡ǮźãҪǮþʹãûʲôӾˣܻ᲻̫㡣

Ӳ˵ֿҲûǿаɣšȻ󣬴ǮͳƱʮʣµĸ㡣ͷһҸɹģٸǮ˵ҸģұҲǮ
ҸԺ㲻Ǻݸһ£ܸɵˣأǮ㣬˷ú԰Ǹɻ˵ô󷽵㣬סˡ
Ҹֱͷ˵رеǾŰ̹ƣԴᰡ

ǮզͣôŵҲһء
ֿôʣ
Ҹ룬̽˵ҪȻǹԸȥϷҲУ극ٰǮǡ
ܿԣ뷨رֿοĶӵļ
ޣҸЦһĲã͸˼ɵ

Թ緹ֿŶȥңҴ˸ʱ⿴˸үϸϸؽ̸˻ᡣ
£Ǿͻˣ͵ƥ˵Լҵ¿ܻӭ
һһɫĸõɫĳǴϲǶԷݵĲá

ŻеʱҸµæũֿŴȥ塣
ɫźãŮҲԣʴ͵Ĳƥء
ĥŰɣĸŮ˼Ҵɩá

ǰ߶ţǡɼŴҴҹĸףЦϲ
ŵ㡣ֿϽס˹ĶŮôԽԽƵģô
˫§ĸ׵ĸ첲ٺٺٵЦšΪҰ
쵱ˡֿû취εЦšƥɫĲңĥţɫǶܴѳһҲһ
ԼšЦЦŶӡҲˡ
ֿ˵ɵ㣬ɴ¡
һв·أզԼŴеõľűˡֹšǰﲻǽܣʱǣﰡҲܡ
Ҿһܴ٣ô˵ˡֿһҪȻҲӺסߴ磬ϸţͷԼ

˹˵ѵ£ҪģֿеĹŮ
Ů±ζ꣬͹Ůһڼң·ݽе㲻̫ġ

Ҹ֪ĸȥ壬ʡ˵Էû
˵ˡ
ҴҵõĲƥҪҪҲֽǣҸ̫Щ˾䡣
ֿҡҡͷңңòƥָǣΪҵĹŮҴɩүôЩչţҲЩ㲻һûҪôãţ̫ˣױ˵ôߡ
֪ˡҸߵͷϸϸĥĸ˵ĻҸү;˾˸һѣͲϹȥ
ţôҲô

մ磬øţ±ζȥҸһԸĶðȫ˻ȥ
ʱѾڳæˡ
ûãӵŵĴӷҲˣɴӣģ׾˵⣬Ҳˮ顣
еĴӾĸģĻ˴㣬֡
ګԵɽСİŸɻ

Ҫʱţϻ緹ţϻ˳
ҵҸɩôûһأֿԭţ˻һġ
˳ùãүү̫ÿҵҪæĻ˵пٹ
ʲôʱ°ֿæšǰյɩĻأ˵ϸͦõġ
ϡ
ֿŵ˵һ緹Һһȥ

ǣϸףֿѸٵ޺÷ˣһֵĳꡣ
Ҹó׼õǮÿġҺϲǲóլӣǮҾֱӰͷ֡
ôࣿӿɷģԲ۾ܣûԿɣôǮģҲ̫˵㡣
ҸǸɵöЩֻôôʰޣһ˵ģǮõôͷ
ǣֱͷʮ칤Ǯˣ£˶õĻҲûȥ
˳Ҳ׷˵
ֿⳡ棬ʱˡǵģǾͰţӦõġҲûʱԵǮҵȥңɲٵ顣
֪ϸײôҪԹȥռȥ

һأ֪ҲͰˣڶһ飬Ȼһȥ
һţסͽţеĽų̿죬һ·һ㻻ţǿ

໨ĸŮһȺˣЩ
ùáӦ죬ЦŰкڵĲˮ
ôˣ໨ĪЩš˯ء
ֿʡ緹Եô
໨Ĭ˻ᣬҡҡͷ˸㣬һڶûԡ
أ˵أ
ҡͷ
ȥֿҸ׼ţĽæ
໨æǰæĴӣԥµûֹ
ߵģҲߣ֪ռҲûãʱˡ

ɽȣȵĽ֪˯˻ǻͷ͵ţϣҸţ˶ҴҸţߡ
ӡǰֿ˵˾䡣Ҳ




61.  61¶   иǡ

ô, Щҡ
֪үү̫ã￴ͦƽ򶨣µظɻ, ܵҲȥ˹ùüҳԷ, Ϊûʲô, ͺǰƵ, Ҳܺá
ãƺǰá

, үûµİɣ
֪
㶴ؿŵ棬۾રરɵµȥﺰҵ
㵱Ľµ·Żŵģеġŵ·үҽβأûʲô¶
⻰, ͷûôˡ

ͷûɤӺ, ܵ׸ǰ
զˣﱦȫĨ˰Ѷͷĺǲǵʲôˣ˾䡣
̤ʵ, 㷴Ӧֿʼ̵, ر, ·Ҫĳɤۡүǲǲ̫ãùǶˣүҽݣҲȥ, ʣҺʹ㣬дӽҵӡ
ȥˣﱦȫũ߶Ҫˣ·ȥ
׷䣬ַϵũߡ, ȵҡ

ܵſʱ˵˾˸մ˴ţȥ
úõġ˵˵ţ۾ֿʼર䡣
ɶο˾䡣˵ֻȥҽ￴ûµģޣ˻ûأȿˣޣŵ˺üڡûµģûµģûµġ
ŵֻŽŵĲˮûޣոգոл۾ˡӣӹֿ
ḧķЦЦ

ﱦȫռʱĵȫǵˡ
˶࣬ȴֻֿܰﱦȫ䣬ϸϸú˵
˼ǣúŰɣˣ඼ֻܰӣʱ۵úݣӹͿˣôҽôҲûӣˣҲˡ

ûпҩһƿҩ裬ÿһЧôܰ죬ܻ¡
ʱ˵»زô˹˵Եȥ
ֿǧллŴϸ뿪ҽݡ

磬ɩҴؼסӰɣֿĥţſ˿ڡ
ﱦȫҡͷõסһŮܹ鲻̫ʡ˵ţֵǼﳤӣҸϣչ˵
غϻزͬˡֳֿǵϸʱߣһڸܾƽʱ
Сﱦȫû˵ʲô

֪ǲڣǼ˶˵ӣͷˣЦ˵ССҸǵ۾¶ŨŨĴ顣
үҸ׵ߡˣԵʲô˵׼޵㷹ˣûԷ
ͷӦǶˣ۾תתתת·ʲôȺ˳޵ĹŮЦۡ㰡
ء
Ҹտˣ˵ӳԣҾ͵ȰȰһֱûɣ˵ٵȵȲܳԡͷջأ˵ŻԽԽС˯ˡ

ӰֿĨ˰ᣬȥҸӣܿ˰
໨е㼱˾䡣Ҹү˵˳ƽʱˣ˵˵
үҽͣС͵ģһƥҴүѣ˾Ҳѡ

Ҹ鼱֮£Ҳûô룬˸˵һ˵ƺ˯ŵͷЦ۾Ҳһ㡣Ѱ˵Щ㱣ڻʲôðᣬŻ˵ﰡһθѣһ£ɫӣ˵Ҵÿ񡣡
үˣҲһɫӣ׼¡
ͷҡҡͷʳָָָҸЦ㴩ҼҸúãѾ͸ˡ

˵˻Ự·ˣͷ˯ˡ
Ҫסү𣿡Сʡ
໨ϸϸشŹ̽̽ıϢذ˰֣˸ƣ˶ȥЩС
Ҹ˳Ҳ˶ȥˡ

ƮŨζƽʱĽͰͰͶżųԡ
ȴ˭ûθڣš
ҽݿֿŸճڵذӽѹû
Ҹͷ˵ˮ
ͺáֿѰӷŵԱߵϡ
˭ҲûͷԼˣĿϣڿӣڿʲôЦˣ
ˣҪҪһ
ðþûİˣ밡β̾Ϣꡣ
е㲻ԾֿûҶ룬öӽϸ׷֣˸ιԡζô
գǼ˵㰡ͷǺǵЦܿĵӡ
һӶû꣬˯ˡ

죬ֿûؼңҸҲûؼң˾ͶȥˣôҲûãûסطסߣźӣ߻أǸԻؼҵĺá
еɫû±ζô죬ôţǲܿ⣬졭Ҳǲɵġ
ÿϧֲ˵ϱƲֵ뿪ˡ

磬ͷѹˣֵܷˣ˵ҲܺȵˮˮС׷ǰͷ֮ġ
ܳԾͺá
ֿҸؼңﻹһҪæҶ˼죬ϸ׿ԷŶԼŷĵļȥ

˵ĸּңĻһƵĸ˹
⣡ʱ˿ץʣʲôʱ򿪵أһǺü˰˵ÿżˡھͿʼ±ҳŰɣ϶á
Űء

һʱ·Ҷͽ˵ˣҪʮ⡣
ô
ֿأ
̫óʵĴšҿţҪȻ⡣ˡ
ôŸոպáֿš̫࣬±Ǿ±˻±±أ±һֵͦʱ䡣
ӽ̾˿ʲôʱӣ
˵׼Ҹ

˵ҸͼҸũ߽ʲô
ʲôʱ·ӣôҲũҴԺ
˵׼
ɶ׼þګˡ¶׼׼أ벻𣿡
Ҹ͸±ζãͷܽӵĻܻᵽȥҪЩ
Ҳԡ

˵˻ỰӰ˵Ķ˵㣬ʱеĻ˼ҡ
֪ߣҵÿȥ
ֿףΪʲôŮһֱԭǴԼҵܹġ

ֿϸףûʲô£˿͸Ļңȥأʱȥء
Ҹʱһ࣬ùصũլԺĲãģͦ

Ľ£ϸ׿ź˲٣ôɩĻ˵ְһأֿͰ˼ķŽԸ
Ů˵첻֪أ±ζ⵭Щ
ĥѲǳˣܰɣҲû˭˵±ζǳԳϰߣ춼Ե㡣
ûĥףͼŮܻˣĺܣŸճԹ緹ͻˡ

и±ζˮģҾګˣôͻȻղɽ˵Ҳ֪ԭ˰Сͳ£ĸΣٺݵģ




62.  62   ±ζԶġ

ĸ
ãȻҡҡͷ, е£ĸÿ˳Ȼйӷͷ
˭˵ģ
Ϲ, һɽľƹ, رϲõ±ζ¾ơ
𣿡
⡭ԥˡ
ֿ뷨Һȥ, ɽ, 俴
ȣ⻰þͷ, Цúܿġ

ǵ⵭˼죿
м˰ɡǵ졣
ֿԺƵ飬ֻһͷҲҪڵһʱҡ
׼߸˵סˡҲͦΡ˵ʱ, үĲһһַҲûʲô, û˵, Ѱ˼ţȷʵԻ
ǺúӡֿЦοôҶЩûô˵
̵ػšܺ, , õĺܣĴ޶Ըˡ

Ҹֿ¸˵˵ȥ￴
Ҳȥ
㣬Ҹô£ֿʡ
Ҹƺ뵽ĸ׻, ˼صһȥ̽ϢС̯ҲãСҲգǽֵϵؤ, ֣Ҷʹ㷨ʸԭɳ
˶٣˵·ʱ̣Ƥӵ£Ϣ˵㣬ϢȴǲҪ֪ԭʵ÷ʲô

áֿüЦӦšǷ·ɽȥ̽Ϣ
ҸͷӦá

úɽͦãҲ֪סɽûһ㶼±ζ
Ҫ£þĸڵţȥɽק˹
Ҹ˵ɽ
СͷɽֿЦЦƹ񣬾˵ĲĹŲţе
ĸᡣʮ飬ͯûţе֡
˵Сӣô˵ģɽˣҹʱûһĺš
û⡣Ҿ˵˾ʵƶţҪ˵˵ˮô¡
ô£ּ̫ã⼵¡

ɽͰ֪ĵ˳
˵˳ҵ±ζԣһٶ䣬ԭһ꺺ӣͻȻ͸ˣòᣬҽﻨһأ˲Ž˵ⲡûԭ򣬾±ζԶˡ
ţԴּ±ζԽԽԽԽԣΪ±ζ˲÷ŵĶ񫣬䲻ˣҪȻö˶˵һ꺺ӣô˵͵£ΪԶּǵ±ζ
һʮʮ٣Խ˵Խӡ
ɽҲû˵һͲ򵥣ƣ㲻ðմȾ˦
ǰɣʱŽø߶䣬˵ⲻãøʲôƵģΪǳ±ζһ±ζǲûԭζá
һ°ˣ˴򵽼ſˣ⣬ּ±ζȻ֪ڴǣ
׻˵˲Ŵ£һģϢզҲôͨˣɼˣּһֱûΪʲôˮء

¶ҡֿͷıԹ¶Ǹ⡣Ҽϸ岻̫ãûôߡ
ŶɽȻֵôͻȻ˶
ֿϵĵлһĻ±
ɽҲû±ζҡڵĳ˵ӣǰ˵˾䡣ɱ𵽴Ҹǵģͷһꡣ

Ƣý˾䡣Ź֣˵Ҳ֣ĵͦá
֪
û˵仰ͼҸˡ
ֿ̽ôְɽ˵ôԽ˽
⺺ԭȾвҸһ죬ֿţ֪̽˲õϢȻεģûǮ¶в֪ôҲйϵ

⻰ô˵ֿʵ
Ҹ˵ΪҲεģã˵š
ܣֿ붼ûķ򲻿£϶ᡣ
ʵ
ֿסȥռá¡

ҸÿСӡ㿴ӣһͷɵռȥˡ
ҸƳۡػţû⡣
˵꣬뿪ӡ
뿴ֲӵĽãڵػ˺üˣһҧһţŸˣߵ߶ռó塣

ֿռãҽ֣ͦвڣе㺱ˡ
±ζԶĲ𣿻ж
ּ±ζǲж
򰡣Ǹӵǲǳ±ζӹǸԻˣ±ζôжأܰҲԣҾͺܺá
Ҹҿ˺öּǵ±ζӹû⡣
򰡣ҲŻĺӰһֱҪӣһֱûϣò׻ˣɲܳ£ҼҲĲּǵ±ζĺӻ᲻ʲô£
ӵ˵ȫǸ±ζйصġ
ֿ˻ᣬ;ͷͣӶκǻ̫ӣⳡҲ̲ס룬ѵ
ͷҡͷ񶨣ܣԲܣ

ͷҲúܷܷºͺ͵˵Ǳ䡣
гƵĵڣ˲ѻȸ
˶ګګؿǸµĺӰ㡣
˵ܶΣظһΣЩ״̫ãʺһٶ±ζ±ζõϣһҩԣЩ˵ǲҩкôǣϻ˵ҩֶôϲԣúóԣҲ벻ҪÿԣúãûʲôҲԣÿԸһû⣬˲У岻ãвٳԣٳԣ

ֿ׵ȵ£һҪĻɽֻû
֪أͻȻеЦ
ȻȷʵЦˡɲɣ
򡣡ֿһĴкһû¡

ףŮôе죿
е찡ļš
ּ֪֪±ζ갡꿪죬ҿͷæһ졣
ּ±ζģʲô򣿡
ôҲ±ӳòҶӡ
ǣƤΪǮʲôĸε¶óһΪ±ζжóԣأޣ
˵ģܸܲȥǮأ

ֿͷ˵ˡ˵ʲôأ㣬ûҾּǵϰ壬ƽմֹѸһ£õвˣʸ£ﶼ˵Ǯ±жϹô˻Ҽҵ±ζӹǸԻˣҾʣӹǲãּ±ζжϵҪּ±ζȫ𣿡
ҪնĻ֡ξɲȫѹסڸ֮βȫʱҲüɿڼɿڣֲĺͯʮˣ˴뱲ӣԼܲסֵ˭Һɻ𣬻ҸҽΣǮһٲּ±ζ

⻰һȺʱͷˡ
˭ҲɵӰԵ鰡




63.  63·   ˭ĸĹ

ֺȺ, ܿɢ˸ɾǵվּϰЩûţҲпǼŻȥѷµİ, ֮, ӵתۼͱ䳨ˡ
򻺲̨߳, ֿס
ղŶл򡣡
ƽĻ˾䡣Ӧġ˶, ֵҲ£ҡ
ֿЦҲ֪ʲô, ˵𣬾Ź򣬿ô

ﶼڴ˵ּ±ζж, ˵ġ˵ʱЦüȴԳļ
Ϊˡ
˵ƶ, ˾䡣λ, ȽϺʵҺ˳ҲǱ, ֪, ҿ԰ҹʸϸ
һҲֿ֣˼΢ϲЦŵͷˡ

ȥһֱû˵򲮿ڵټ㶯ŭ
޶˱, ЩѪԵˣǳ
ôģֺǺǵЦ֣ĳ˲˼ĥš
ֿش𡣡Ǹ, 顣

üĿƵĿϸϸ˵顣
ͦã磬ůͣûˣںԺɹ顣
ͻȻں˵ž֡
ӣſվˣ̧Ÿӣӿźʹֱۣ࣬ɫ԰촽ϣͷͷմʪˡ

ĳΣգϽǽ̧ŵϣϸϸΣͬʱѰճ
ΪҽιʱȫˣȴиĿܣ˼䣬룬ŴĹ⾰Žҽݣһûкúüɿڡ
ĲˣʵôԸҽΣͷ˵ôģֻҽǮƲôںѡ

ѾҽҲܼȣ䵭ĸ˻
˾Ȼ󣬵ǰѺӷҽݣһֶ˵
ﶼڴΪּ̫±ζΪǮȻɥ

죬кܶ±ζ£ÿ춼Ҫͺܶ飬ȴҲûʲôã˶ֻܿţ֪Լʲʺϳ±ζһԶ±ζӴǾúȤﶼŨŨЦ⡣ŰŹضӣȥɢɢ߶߶ûܹš
ֿȻҾ˵Ǹˡ
⻰ЦЦû˵

ʱǡ˽Ÿݵغӣһ۾ͿԿӺ·紹ĺ˰㡣
ݺĺӣɨˣηż򣬻Ųͻ̿֡
ֿĿ˿ڣָָԱߵӡͷûбԭֻǵ֪㽲ôɲģҪּ±ζΣҾƴǡ˵꣬ʡʲôʱʼ±ζԵģ˭Եģ

˵º̬ͣҲܺƣСصʮǰ˨˵и̹ȥȥҺܸ˵Ľ£ۣǸ£ʵЩŲסܳһһ죬жʮǮ
˵ʮǮʱ۾˿˿ɡ˨˵ûǳԵòã˺ܶ±ܴ󷽵һԣҳ±󣬸رо
Ҿ˨Ǹˡ䣬Ҫ޳ƵġǸˣҸɻ±ҳԣ±óԣҴûгԹôóԵ±⣬һô꣬Ǽζġ
ϸϸ˵ţ˵úϸֿҲú档

ʱͣ˻ųɨˡҶԲס˵ĻҶţεļһֶû
Ҳ⣬ûɻͲǶʮǮˡ

ҪҪ˨ʡ
ֿҡҡͷûҪʳ˱ôлл鷳ˡ
ô
и˼·ûؼֿۡЦЦưɿǿ϶Եġ
ҲЦ

ƹġӸ˳ּ±ζƹ񣿡
ֿͷ
ҵĲҵ±ζûйϵԼûס죬һ˵
ðллˡ
֡ҵĴҶԲס㣬Ҳ֪
֪㻹ǶʮǮ𣿡
ɡ룬üЩãȻǲ̫ȷ
ֿۣ뿪ˡ

˵ҸͽɾҲȥռãߵſڣ˵ȫˣſڶվˣ뼷ҲȥҺò㰫Ҳǿͷ
ôˣһ㶼£˵žܸɴµˣ
˵ĻĻɾĵĻŴ򿪼⣬˳

զûеżҸҪҪȥ
Ҹȵšʲô
Ͳż
˳龭һͻ㼱ʲôҸͷˮҪżȥռãŵӡ
ҡͷҲż
ӵĶż⵱ŮȻס
룬ȴèץƵģĸôû뵽÷ʰ͵͵ʹӵˣ

ò׵ĸ֣վ
ôʲô
ô£
ֿûθڣһ˵˵
ŵԲ۾˭ģҲ̫ʹ˵㣡
ã޷죬ʵ©ֿϸϸظɾһ˵֪֪治֪ģȴҲþȣռøûͻΣǽӴĶ࣬ƽʱΪ˻ǺܿԵģ˲Ծĵط˳ͷۡ
˵ҸͽŶ

ôһ˵꣬÷·СӹҼҰ㣬̫ЦˣһֱΪ飬ȴãȫԼ̫࣬黹Զĺܡ
Ҹû˵˼˻ᣬʡҪô죿
õˮûʲôĻǰҺӽں¶Ҳûʲôˡֿ˵ţɫһǣǲ¾ô׵ķƪˮûȥ

ô÷Ҳ׵ĺܡ
ʱոպãڷת֮ٲϽȥ

һ컹û꣬Ϳʼָ
治֪֮ǰôģǺβǮûУҽεģǮּ±ζһˣ˵ʲôʲôܵ򳤸ǰȥ֣ӴҲӶˡ
˵Լ㲻Ҳһּ±ζжţҸǰװʲôԶȥҪ˵¶˳ͬиɵģּ±ζã±ζ꿴۲ʹôֶΣּ֣±ζֹţޣ˼ģСоƫҪּ±ζԺֻּ±ζЩ󻹸ҲҰǵˣ
ԶԶԣ⻰˵Щ̫նˣһסţ̧ͷͷԼûóԵ±ζʹŲֶΣˣȥּ±ζͶڰָж̣˳ɻɵӡ
զôñء˵öԣԺֻּǼҵ±ζ±ζ꣬ǿһۡ

û뵽ᳯһ˶ûķչ
һʱ䣬￪±ζͬǶˡ
˭ĸĹ֣Լϴ
ּ±ζԼ飬ܻİŲ鱳ºֵˡ




64.  64¶   ӵլԺ

ּ±ζ, Ǵδйĺ𰡣
һȫæֿĸֻӿͷ£һ⡣

, զ, զôʹ̫, ľǽ, ĸ·ڿү۾, ڲסĳݡⶼûôãϻ˵, ǲô˼϶ǵģҾ;ðǵĸˣ
ֿһĻش𡣡ռõõ˼·, ҽռʱ, ʱΧˣ±ζǲǶ岻, Լʲʺϳ±ζȵȡ˵, ﶼڴּ±ζжȴǸע⵽±ζ᲻Լк
ɼ, ţֻҪմϣͻøЩ

ء졣ǰãôһ˵, ϸۣҲˡ˵꣬ͷĿԹ϶ʹٺٺٵֱЦ
ĸԺ
ֿŮֿšüͷ˼ĶӡҲҪ룬ԽԽԽҪ侲롣ƽʱҲȥ߶߶˵̸ʱҲѧЩ
ˡҸӦ

߽¡
ˡ
˵ʵЦЦ˸ƿֿ׼һˣϻظҩóԵòࡣ
ֿû뵽ģЩܳлл̫лл򡣡ﶼˡһһ
ԡ̫мɲѸġ٩˾䡣
ȻѡֿæʶǮȻĸ㹻Ǯ

Ҫߣֿſڣûס˾䡣ʲôʱĩˣҵⲡ˿Ҳ̫ġ
û⣬һ֮ڻûʲô£õķȽóҽĲ
л
á

૵ĵ˵ãȷʵǸĳˣ̫Щ˵˸ҽҩĲգôӣҺûûŮ
ҿǲһҸ˵˾䡣
ֿˣЦʡĲһ
֪Ҹݲû顣ǣоǲ̫һ

šлĻҸԶȥ濴ֿãֹѸʵ㡣ͷˣҪȥسǻʡǣҲһȥعСӲ֪Ҫ٣㵽߿ҲҲҲãһƣóϸϸĥûȥͲ֪ķʲôģҲǸҲõСլԺرãҸҸ˵ȥһˣˣͲô롣
ãġһҪңҲʶЩˣȥسǻʡǵģҾʹһȥ
ֿˣ⺢ǸˡǮҲżĻЩǿ뷨ģϣشɷּҵ鹡
һŬģ

Աͷˮеֲֲ̫ʡ
ЩڨڨȻĻص˹̨ڡ

ҹڴϣȴ˯ѹŵ£˵˵ʲôζԱߵϱ˯û
ɶ
˯š
զ˯ˣһ𣿡
ǰҲګơ˯ţ˵˵¡
ִ˸Ƿ˵ɶ˵š˯ˡϹĥɶأ˯ţɶ˯ŵģ˵

Ҫô˵Ҫ˵𣬽ӺͿԸûס
˵ִ˵˯ˡ
ǽɣҸ˵˻Ựû̫ûˣϱѧ˱顣
йصģ͵ܵйصģִʱͼˡÿãȥسǺðȥʡǸãӦҸȥ
ϱ
˵
ҲҸȥôûͦسǶûȥ
ִҲû͵ȥɶˣô죿ָأҴŸ޶¶ʰ޲
Ҳԡ
˯˯ɣҸ㲻һҸûءִɷʲôˡ
û˯ţҹҾ˵öԣϱ˺ö࣬ʲô֪Ƶģ
Ȼġ
ǰİɡ˵˾䡣ǰʹĸûʲôҾǲһˡ
ִĪĲ̫ˣе㷳ꡣ˯˯˯˯˰࣬˯š
У˯˯ɡ
˻ᣬִ䲻ð˾䡣ʲôһһҲ⻰
У֪Ҳ˵ú䡣

Ϫżҡ
ּ±ζˮʱѾ鷴תĵڶ磬һּ±ζ컹Ҫһ㡣
֪ºֱӷӣվԺſڳͷرɤŶӶ
øǧеúõ˲ǵѧûĸεԼûգ˼ּ±ζˮɣͷ¾͸ޣҪ˻ȳˮҪˡ
һͨһʱ

ӣûµĶΧ˹ôˣĸϷô󾢶ˡ
ΧһȺ˺Ͽʼ˵˵±ζж໵ĳˣּ±ζãЩʲô¡
ﺺӵľɲЩ±ζģʵǳּǵ±ζһĺӸĺˣûµظػţ
ŵİȥȫ˵Щ±ζģ֪ͬɣּ±ζ̫ã±ζ̫óԣǵ⣬Ÿɳĵ

ߣ༸˼ңּ֪±ζ£Ͻ貹ɲּ±ζ££±ûҪˣüǮţ
Щָֹ࣬Ѹ˵ˣգ

ȵʮ඼֪ˣ༸±ζǳ׵û⡣
ҵֱ꣬ӹ˵ӣ˵ҪУ±ζȥˡ
ֿҲ⣬ôڷͣѲ˭ڰƲ
ԴҲ֪´帾ô󣬻һԭΪ˵ǱţɥĲȻĺģԼðƵͷϣộԲ̣

ôһҵ£üȥȻûҳıºֵˡ
صÿʵ
ûҳûҳɣֿҲû˼ĥ棬æúܣ̫ãҲܱߴҲգּ±ζ򣬵Ļҵ¶˲ˣȥŵӡ

Ҹ˰ɡֿŶ˵룬סڴﻹԶЩȥɣСլӣ˽ߵĵ겻أţٿһ±ζꡣ
ҸҲ뷨ģҳտҲʣӵլԺǮƻ㹻




65.  65   ˭ģԻ·̫桭

˵, ֿеò⡣
ҸپĹ͸ˣ

Ҹ롣Ƕ˽ߵӣ˹æû⣬¿ĵ, پĹ͸˱Ƚ׵, ˵Լ˼·˽ֵ, ܿҲ˵׼, ¿ĵլԺһģ϶Ὺܾúܾá
ԡֿͷ, üЦ˵Ҹġ

ĸ׺ͬҸ˵ĻҾô򲻴ƤҲ, Ҳܼȫ˵飬ȶƺҪ༸֡
ɲСֿҡҡͷ׻˵ĺ, һɽݶ, һһĸ˽ֵѾ, صúܺ, ڰŽȥ˿϶ìܡ
Ҹһĥĸ˵ûٸ
ң, £ϲƹӣԺǲڶ˽ֿ±ζ꣬Ҳڱĵط, ˳ɻҪӣ֮ǰܣЩ£ⷽ档
áͷҸ˵˵¡ҸӦţʡ￴˭ȽϺã

ֿ˼¡ԭŵҪ˵ĻͰһǲɵģӣʽȥ¡ɣɽԸԸ⣬Ը⣬үʡ
˳
ǡֿšӻСûɶϢ˵䲻ģڣȥҲֻǸȴ֣ŷԸɻϾһֱӣñСĶࡣ˳Сѧ£ǸУǿ϶ùЩˣӻ˵ѧЩƤëܱûкá

ҸϸϸţĸÿܵҪѧûкܶࡣ
˻ᣬ̽ſڡǲʶ򣿡
ԡ࣬ȽϺʵ˵Ҳͻ
ˡ

յ׼Ŀţ˵Щû浽ùŮźǹȥԸ
ϸ˵ģֺһ죬ڴϣϰ߶šǰû׼ôţ򣬳û׸ӻأ
;ðͷ
ֺǣ϶һӻּң¡ͷû˵ȴͬ˵Ļ
׼һţһߣһɡ
Ҹ϶˵ˣ緹͹ȥ
š˯ɡ

ճʱĩһӾͻּң浽ȻҲڵġ
Ҹȥˣ˺ʵĴլԺᵽߵ¾͵øϽʰ׵ҪȻһһصܣҲ̫ʱЩ
ֻֿڼңݺɹѣԼǰ˺ɤӻ˾䡣ںء


ѡ
ֺֿǺǵЦţѡȥ
˵˾䡣Ҹڵæأ
ûУ¶ȥҡ
รĻûӦŰɡ˵Ŷɷȥ￴ġ
ֿȲ衣ãŽݶûЪţòôżһҸͻˡ
ʲôڼҲôæġ
Ŵ˵껰ɽҲ˵˾䣬Ϳũ˼š

ǹҪ˵ֿЩΡ
Цŵ߳緹ٻȥ³Էʱ˵ҲС
żҹô
ܺáͼüչǰζ뵽̹ĺӹءĸ̾š
ŮԶֿҲ࣬ƽҲ˲˵úãҲˡùͺá

һûһţӺܹԣ浽ر£ŵܵöҪ˲ġ
ûãҸݡ㡣
Ҹˡ
ڵءֿ˾䡣
Ҹ衣ȥ

˸ǰ̽ûȵܵܳݣСšҸ¡
ֿҡҡͷûء
զûأšüͷ˵궼ǰ̽;òرʣûҹ˵ֻҶֹ£˵ҸǸõĺӣɵҸ˼ҵĹ
Ҳô˵ֿЦ˵Ҹ涼õĹҡ
ֱͷ԰ǰǼӺùɲúúѰţҪ˾ͺˣҲѰѰ

ǹ׮Ҫ˵ֿȺʹŮһᡣ±ζãҺܵ׼ӵլԺᵽȥҲЩµĻ˽ֵӣûʱȥţһҲæɽԸԸ¡
ԥ¡ȥɣ
ȷʵȥء
¶ɣҵûؼҹŲУҺɽҲò⡣ӿЦ¡ûּء
ֿ⡣֪ǻؼ׼ңǮһǮڻжͷ⡣

Թ緹ɽʹӻżҡ
ڣ˶ͷæ
˵浽ܵһţɷ

ˡЬ׵ͷҲû̧˵˾䣬˻ᣬڣЩګơɵվŸʲôأ¶˵£û¶µظɻȥ

ġеģŲͬ⣬ԣһͬء˵ɽ±ζɻһǮڻжͷ⡣
ɶûôעһǮֲġ˵ɶ
ӲͷƤظ˱顣
Ǯ
ԡ
ȷ
ô˵ģڻжͷ⣬ܳԷһ١
ӴܳԷأһĴȣе㼤Уһ٣һʮ£أзڵĶͷ⣬׼ҵĴ󷽣Ǯﰡ֮Ŀ϶ٲˣҪǻܳԷһ׳ԷʡٿǮǺüţһӴ϶һ겻Ӱ

ͬˣӵԲ۾ЩţôʹͬˣңҼũô죿궼ǹɷũ
Ͼ͵أ˸϶ϴڣĻõġ
ǣǡ
ʲôǣҾоУǲԸµظɻҲһӣҹɲɻƨϵ
ۣһ¾ɵˡһ²ţİġ
֪һģǻзڵͷڣ˵׼һܷأ϶ڼԷʡµĿǮɵ󣬸Ͻµȥ¶ô˵ˡһ

ӻл㱵ȥ
Ҿãܿ϶
ûּҵ˵㡣ɽûϱĽͦ
Ҳԣ̤ʵˡڼ˵£һؼҸ˵һɵúúð£÷ģӿӣñࡣ
֪ģϱİɡ

ӵĵһ㶼ûпţкԺ˵Ҫڼµظɻʱһ¾ը
Ҳɣ˲ٻûʱµæũ£лʱҵȥ档кǲ϶ö˶˵ģʲôܽʲô£úùŵôЩ궼ŵ£Һ档
Ժغͬ硣ؼҹͷĻҲʰޣõ񣬵ҲСˣжڣʡģҺʹɲһóڼ

¡ŷ϶ȥ£ϴͷѧǵе㾫ӲׯڰʽģЦˡ
ͷરẓ́ģ˵İ졣
Ҳͬ⡣⡣ҽ˻µʱҾߡ
ԺϽ˾䡣ҲǣӦ˰˸ɻܸܲƵġ
ϱϱԴѾżˣԸɷ򶥲סţҪڼǮͷæβʮͭллֱӷˡ

ͬ⣿һӣŭɫʲôʱֵˣҺǵô˵Ǿɨϴ϶ڼаҲһóӸҿõóôžôţһֶ˵
ӣ
зԺĸɵˡ
ѹֹҪ϶ȥɻһӣ
ʲôɻ϶ɵӰɣԼһ㶼ȫóˣ

鶨º󣬴ӻҸĸ˵¡
ֿҲе⣬û뵽龹ȻˣͷˣŮʱͰ¸˵˵
æ°ֻϲּʵ̫ˣʲôʱæҲЪڼר±ζͺá
Ͳ֪ˣȥʲôʱпվʲôʱæǳҪ֣Ӧòᵢá
ǾͺǾͺá

һӣһʮǮͷȵĺܣϱؼҺĵڶգʹŶȥ緹ûԣ׼˵ˣ緹أ
˴ļ룬رϽõ⣬ñжˣЦӴ仨ƵĲãÿ춼Ӿͷ൱㡣

ϧûþͳˡ
ǴرæͷȴǷ࣬кԺų˰¾ͳŲסˡǰǶǸȥգ͸͸Ъ϶һߣҲȥˣֻܴ
סȫס

żַּҡ
ƽմֿѾˡ
ȥҲ֪ĸ˵˵ֹѸֶΣίʵżҰʵû۶Ӱ޵ĴŮּңôһżԸң˵ģ⻰û˵̫ˣ
⻰ֿһѾ˭ģԻ·̫ˡ




66.  66   ɽȥ»ɡ


ɵֿͦŴӵĶŮ, е֡ôˣ˰Ӹ˳˱ˮ߳緹
ţáߺˮߵͷӦš
˻, Ъ, ʡ, żַּ֪𣿡
֪, ӹ˵ˡ
ˡͷ˵, Ҳ֪ĸǧҽб۶ô죡
¶ֿЦˡùܣ˭˵˵š
˵ÿˣ, 㲻ܲ£ǲܵĻٵĶǸ˵, һʺñѾˣ

ֿųüĶŮ, ͣͷĻ˾䡣˵, Ҫôܣ
Ȼ֪, żҷּҸûκιϵʲôడĶӡ
Ҫô֤أ
ĸʵƿԣ죬֪˵ʲôá

㿴, ûз֤¸ûϵٶĻ˵Ҳǰ˵ЩţϲԼİģ˵ٶ, ҲöҲգʵνΪжʲôҪֿϸĽšһԭ¸ûйϵȴƫƫ˽ȥڹˮҳˣ¹˵ʲôµҵ˵ʣʲô޶ðĶԴ
šüͷͣ;;˵˵
żҵķӦɡĬ˻ᣬֿػ˾䡣

ɶ˼û̫ס
£ʳҳľżңҼͰ͵վ˵֪ñ˵ʲô򣬻˵żַּңҲȷʵеϵ

ô͸йϵˣܸþõĻд˲ɣǮһ£û·ҵôʡ£ŷأʡһ׳ĿҪżԹˣҿţԺҲòŶǺãǶ
ֿȷʵôģЦŵͷ˵öԡ
£ЩӺżҴ֣м⡣

㡣ҸŶ㻹ͦˣɨĶӣЦ˵ů⣬˳еĴ顣
ȻûгףѾ˺üС˾ˣ
üЦĺ͵ܵ˵˳콫ոպĸ۵Ҳ˵˳

ּĸ˵żҷּҵ£żҼͷҲ˵ŷּҵ¡
Ҳͬ⡣ͷɶ˵֮ĸ֣Ҳͬ⣡
ϻ˵øΪġּңðӹȥͷ峤ֻҪһһ죬Ǳּң
ĲԸּңҲּͬ¡

ҲּңһסŶãӺͺڲּҲУͷһѣйͷĻһԣҲУͷβڼ
˵öԣǱТ˳ɣҺʹһֱæ£ЩǮƻؼңص´ǵͶܹţö˶˵öһɻҺʹ绻ⲻǺ

Ҫ˵ּңԺҲּң˼ң˭ֵأﲻֵع⿿ͷǮһԺȽá
ǣ£Ĳɣ̫̫࣬ʲôǮͷңԵúúȵúû͵͵ܵǮ￴ǮؼңҲЦüۣرܸɡ
ڼʲôۻӹһͷûС
ɣɣԲܴڼ

ҿҪȻöܻĻøУоͷɻ˵ȶܸоأ¸ϵ鳳˸֣ЩɷּңϽԼ뷨
Ժ۾ʱһɩ˵öԣﲻöͷôȥֶ¡

ҲãҪ˵أȴȣ˷ܼģСر˽ܵܵ顣
Ծ
ҪȻܰɣ⵱ģöܵܡ˵Ư˵껹ŵܵЦЦҾãܿ϶԰Ѷ¸ɵرá

һӴôû뵽أҿ
ʲôͷ¡׼϶£أǼҲҪּҲżһףôĹеԸ֣ǣõǺáһ

ҲڼͷҪæҾæͷ¡˵ĸóԼеֶΡ
ԺѧҺʹͷ£ö˶˵ѼĲɣ

ͷӣɡҲӣ˸жũæʱ򣬾ڼæƽʱأ¾æȥĻ࿴ŵ㣬ϱҲϰʽˣǶൣЩţҪǲġ
ԺЦص֪Һʹˡ
ǶĴ˳ģЦúܿ
ͷû˵Ĭϰɡ
ϱûʲô뷨ƽʱҲææͷ䡣
ΨԴѾƤӷ׶Щվȵô£ȥصѹˣôУ϶УǲԸ⣬ǧԸ⣬ȴûڡ
ƽʱ϶ڣӺʵҲˮºݾԴѾ˵µظɻʵʵ͵͵ǰ˿š
񣬻ǰ濸ţһӿˮ֪ĵ

³ӹƽմ塣

ֿŴŮЩü۴Źڲסƣࣿ
ţũɹ沼ޡ
ϻֳַּģ
ԡʱҲµش֣ʲôãǲǸũϡ
ֿü΢ȥɲС
ҵûʲô浽ţܹܲסӣ
ôˣ
Ǹǰӿ϶ʲôãȴۡæ浽æɻŷ˵ĺӰɻӦõģﲻܡ
ܸЩʲô
ιջ֮ģҲرۣʡ
ֿ̾˿ҵ뷨ӣҾôȥ˵Ҫס׼᲻ͬ⣬ȱ֣Ҳûжվסŵ˵ߡʱִȫһСѾ԰Ÿɻⲻ֣ͰͶȥżң˳ֲźá

ûþˣ¶࣬æúܣԷʱ䶼ûУĴҴߵôҴҡ
ӻ°ɣӿš

լҵôˣԷʱֿʶӡ
Ҹң涼ȽϺʵģеѡ
ǲȱǮԹҲû£ضΰݰȱȽ׵С
Ҳôġ
߶Щҳֿԥ£ǽӹ˵˵ʱû뵽ɽȥ»
ҪȻôȥ
Сֿ붼û;ܾˡⲻ÷ӣ浽û취ʱ򣬲ӡ




67.  67   ҸƤʲôʱҲ

±ζ, ֿÿ춼رæµ
ҪݷҪ˿ҪƤҪп飬Ҫϴɾ, ҪݷҪ
Ǽʮ, ʮ, һʮﲻʲô, üͺܼˡ
±⣬±Ҳȴ, мϸף廳еĶŮ񻹵üϪĴŮĸŮ, ǱߣҸܿҪ, ±ζŮҲɵúܺ, Ҫ

֮ǰֿŽЩܲһֱûʱ, ±ζ, ƷҲż
絽ŵҪ˵۵Ҳڣһ, Уһ㶼С

ĥŵŮĸŮ׵ķǰ֣ǽ̫æＷһ, üȥֿû۳ʲôͷ
żҺͽҲͬûռֱ׳ȥżߣСë٣ȴûУ˵ũǳȽϼ֡

ҸҲܹĴĸŮæҵ£ү˶⣬ƥͼ㡣ȥżң
ȥżҸʲô
Щûȥȥ
ֿЦˡ㲻׼ץһ˵
Щ湦򡣡֪ĸŮڹò̫ãҸﲻþ¶ǿףżҲ˵Ưٵͷƫƫǲöż̫ء
ǰ»ȫΪ壬ţҲˡֿľζȥżұȥɣ浽̫ãӹҲԽӹ㲻ˣ⺢Ӹּûϵ
ҸͷӦšҲôġ

ȥȥҪ׵Сδ飬ͬʱأҲǵľ˾ˣЩ˵ҪЩֿ˼ϸϸ˵
ǰЩӴŮʱûʲô⣬ȴҲ䣬֪żʲô̬ӦͲǣûУҸȥÿ̽̽ʱǡѲ
żҳ׵Ǻء

µ죬ҹﻹˬȴȡ
Ҹͷû£Ҹĸ㣬ôţҪ·Ϫ壬żȥ

ϴʰ̨ʳ浽õιǰݺɨɾһͨæЪʱ䶼ûУͰ׼Ϫȥ
浽õĲľˣȥϪϴѡ
ͷ浽Ӧ˾áܵȥɡ
Ҳ񡣡
֡浽áýϵ䷢ССٲȻдģˡ
ƲƲ죬׻ĻźӺŵܵ档

ԺһɢһõĲľͷϱʱɫ磬˳ɽġ
Ժ˲ȴû
ҹɫɽȥݺϴʱһصĲ񣬱˳ָãִӸסˡ

ִǰңĸ׺ĸǷһһҪס÷ڵ¾УҲٰɻֻһСС£־ͳɵ£ҲҪסһڣֻиϡ
Ҫһ㣬ҲҪװ۵

ִӺɷ˵˺Ӻʵʵĸŷ¡
ԺӴڿˣ޲ðԸĻƳȥĻ˼ŰЩ
ͷˣǰҲЩС£ϣû취ûԸϱϱ˵Ҫæͷ£ʱ䣿ҪȻµء
µôУ

ûʰ޵£浽ıӸ浽
浽ĸ׵ķԸʡЩ£Ӧ޷ЩģɿڣҲǧԱߴ֡

СжܰæϴһֱæɻشϣʱԼЪЪֽš
ͺܲף϶ȥɻô仯ô
һ֣ۣδйۣһڰӡ

ţֻ·Ϫ壬˴Ҹ˳ּȥ
ҪּʱܺõҸԶԶؾͿϣ·ۺˣ˫ֳľͰڴڴڵĴ
ҸװûµƿߣżԺƼŮ浽

˾ˣ浽ͷĲ񣬷ɿĳž˾ȥ
Ҹһѽ˱𣬸߸ߵؾٹͷ
浽ֵùЦ
⶯ˣҲˡ
˾ˣЦÿɲˡ˾ˣ
ȥ˺üּңҸҲϤˣҲЦź˾ˡ

Ͱϴõѿ߽ԺͿֳһŵˣЩ⣬ΪԼοˣŷֻ׼Ҿ˾ˡҸ
һֱһֱŷҸͷЦźˡ
Ͱ۵ðǵϲûз֣ҸЦЦЦȴûн

ⰡѵġͰѣһҡΣŴ˵ûˡ浽ݲ衣
ҸͿһݺŲŲ÷ǳ
ܲͰѣϴģšٸɣҲ

òѣϷ·Щա浽
̡
ͰͰʵûˡ
ֻͰߵ浽Сص̣಻
ʱͰǺܽʵľͰʮʮҧҧһŲȴǲܷ
ŰɡҲԣŮöݲû
ˣ˾ݴú͵ܵ档
žЦЦȥ

˵سǲеĸ㣬ùúǳʡҸ˵һź
Ͻӹ㣬ֵ۾г죬ƵѰЩ
һһ߶˼ҸګƵĵĻޣ
ûӣ϶ڼңϱǶȥˣֻϴԼüҲ֪ܳŶãӹǰ׻ˡ

סǱӲúãү֪ҽ˶ǮҲͱסǲµ·ڸǰźšҸ˶٣˵ҪȻҸ˵öɡ
һסˡɲɣһأⲻʲôЩʱԹ֡ɻɵúúõģܺ

㲻ԸһŮҸһ㶼˵⻰ʱֺǺǵءһؿűһݣҪȻȻæҰӴּסӣӶСչǣҲܸʡ¡
ôС
㲻þùⲻȥ浽ֲͷסּңҼǵȥҲʱȥּס
ǣӲչˣǹɶµĺܣܰҸЩŷأһߣҾ͸æˡ
ҸϵЦˡҸðӴּҡǴ׿˵ģ浽һһˮ˵ƽˮƽ˶ãĪǼּЩӺܺ˵Ϊ۸˲ɣ
⡭һƿˣԲ۾Щ֪롣

ҸŮˣϴ㶵ЩӦҸƤʲôʱҲôˣס׼ңһһ׵˵ʣ׼û׼Ҿ˾˸һ˵




68.  68   ǹҾðɣ

벻װ, ӷ·һŽסˡ
ɴϣګګϰզͰ˸أҶ˵˲ô浽һߣô죿һ޵ù
ֻҪ, ӱǰ, ҲѰȥ

˵, ƫ, ּңּҿź˵, ֻǿź˵ѣ϶һӲãּͷͷһ㶼⣬֪ϰָ浽ʱ, ѹּҳᷢ
ӲȰ˵Ҽһ, ׼ҹ, Ҳл˵
Űɣ˻Ǹˡ

ȥĺ, ļûŸɵ, ּҳŮ˵Ҳû浽ʲôЩʡ£ͷŷִ, Ҹ˵Ҳ߯ѵҲһˮƽⲻǼû֣æҾ浽Ŵ֣ôң˼ұ, ⻹õˡ
ּҸ׼˵ȥҶ߶һũͷ۵úܣˣ˯

ңˣϲĵֹȴĺܡͷ˯ҳ⣬Ҫô죿ڹϣ浽סּңô£޵ùôǲ֪ҲҪȥҪߣҸȴһڸܾˣ˵ּҵĺӣּܺܲ񻰣ҸӴ

㲻ҸǰϹ߶ƨͷһˡּ˵Ҫ϶ֲֵԸ⣬ӱӵּסҲԸ⣬˵ϴڼֵ㻹ǲ⣬㰮ôôڳԵĿԵۣԼġ
Խ˵ԽߡΪϴͷжææƨһ굽ͷҲûǮûԼûģҪǮǮûУҪûУҲɵⱻǺ塣

ͷֱͨˡ
ôȫĴˣˣ
ʲô£϶ȥ£ǼҾͺúõģô£Ҿ˹ˣ˸϶ôæĹûУɴ϶ۣ۵öֱˡ
Ȼȥ׼˵϶
ɵһӣ
ô죿
롣浽ڼϱŴڼҴ֣ҪȻæ˲ɡ
Ļô죿ͷšϱ棬Ҳ϶ϱ»̤ʵϴϱϱ뾡͵İϴڼҪճɡ
⣬⣬ôأ
ͷûĵΪһǶʮͷͣһãһ˶۲˳£ָҴϱ¸ˣζû¡
ϱҭðްû˯š

ʮӻңŰףԼʮңһʱߡ
浽û鷳ɣ
ʲô鷳ӺءֿüЦӦţŸϵ׺ʱ졣ôģ
ҡҡͷ˵û£ҹӡ
Σ
ֱü̾˿Ҿã˶üֵô󳳣ũԽԽ࣬æǴСӳ˷㣬쿴ˣҹƢ˺ö࣬ƫƫʱҴɩֺ˳ǻ˺ӣŸ˵ĺܣдӿɱϴɩ˵岻ûµأҲˣ˵üҲҪ֣ҹɫһ¾ͱˣȻ˵ҹӣЩʳ߲ˡ
ʵҲЩ׼뷨ҹʲôأ֡

ֿ֪ûʲôͷˣ˵ɽɻ£ֱ˵Ҫɽˣӣؼֵظũ
Ӷĸ׵Ļŷĺܣͷš
Ųͬ£ż˵ʲôɽɻöֵ£ǧܴӦСҲͬͷæô沶ֵ㣬ֻҪżҸίòˣ˵ɽؼҡֿ˵ɩµظɻ͸ϱѧ٣ѧ
ã
ָֿ˴Ůһӻżʱ̤ʵˣаȫУ·Ʈĺܡ

Ҹʱ˸Ϣ
լϢˣ붫˽ֲԶ
𣿡ֿ²¡˽ָڵֵ
ҸЦԣǶ֡
ʲôλ
еСɡҸϵЦաҴ̽£ȷʵҪһ㣬λúܺãլԺҲȽϿǰҲ۶˽ֵҪŵӡ
Ǯ
һٶʮͼۣһʮˣҹȥ˵ˣȽ죬ǽ鲻˵㡣óҸͦ˷ܣƺӣǹҾðɣ
ֿЦҸ˵ãǾˡ
ȥ϶ϲ
Уȥ

ίʵֿ̫࣬мûȥ򡣡򻹺ðɣ
ͦõġҸʡǲ£
ûʲô£ӽˡֿ¼򵥵˵˵
ҸȻûʲô࣬ǳĬŸɻ˵ԴӴˣӹ÷ǳ󣬻еƹˡ
ɲ¶̯ɽ񡣡
ţҸ˵Ҳзִ硣
ֿ˾䡣ܿɽʵ۸ʵˣҸҸ˵ԽʵˣԽúúôΪʵ˶ʵۣ͸־Ļزˡ
һúø˵ġҸӦš

峿Թ緹ֿպͶȥլԺ⣬˷ӡ
æ£ȥŮ߶߶˵˺һỰ
ۼʱ࣬û緹ǼææĻ˼ңﻹһҪæء

լҪãǰӣҲ´̨Ūװ֮ģͦ࣬Ҹޡ
֪լԺ˲ֿ࣬ʱû߱ˡ

˵ֿܵʼܣΪ˻ܸ˵Ĺ˵
ĶӺܴѾ˸ˣ
µּҰɡֿ治ŮҿѹûӴӡ
ɡҡҡͷǳŮô£ͷ֪˵ʲôҸûأ沺üι˵ԸҴ֣ʱͷȥסģҲͲˡ
ֿΡȥ˵ʵһѣһߺüǲɵģ±ζÿȥˡ
ǣҲаɡ

ֿҸ̽£Ҹ׵ӣźӡ
Ҳ֪ӴϢ˹ﻰ¶




69.  69·ּ   ôֵļң

ҸߺĸͻȻšüͷ, 󣬸ջ˵Цʲô
, ôˣ
ҲûʲôֿĲӦšǲ̫ȥź򴺻ӡ
ҸʡΪʲô, Ҳ֪֪, , ִٺӡ
̫ˡֿ˵Լ뷨ûɹź˵ĻֺϤ, ȥչ˴ҵĴ˵˶٣˵ҶҪء
ҸƶǶĥ¡¶Ͷദ
ô˼ɡ

˻, ҸҿͶƽʱ˵Ҳͦ硣׻ûͨйؼ̲סʡ
ô˵ɡֿ˼ôúõ, ͸׵ȫչͺӵĸ, ֽرǼ۵, ȷʵڿ, Ҳٺӣû˸ɹź˵Ļûȥź򴺻, ²ϸ£˵䣬ỵ˱˴˼֡
ֱӴ͸Ͳ˼, ʲô˵ʲôϾǻǮˣԸӦõġ

ҸˡҶˣ֪ҪҸʲôӡЦЦúǲá
˰ɡֿЦҲЦ

Ҫô˵
˵Ѿ˺ʵ£Ԥ˹Ǯ
á
ɱ˵©졣
浽Ѻ;˾˵һͷˮҲŸˣϵЦõ̫ͬů

磬æͷ¶ֿʱ䣬Ůȥҡ
ӼЦкš
г˼䣬ֿ˵⣬¶ǸɫʱڣҸû̫˼˵Ѿ˸ˣӰǸź˵֣˵¼Ϊȫ׵òײŹ͵ģǰԤһ㹤Ǯء
ͣ͵ˣ
ǰ
ЩӦګګص;ôأǲ˵Ҫ𣿡ֱţѼӾôˣ
Ҹʱ߶ʶ˶࣬ⲻ·¾Ͱ㶨¡ֿ˵ŻΪ£Ҹ˰±˵ءɷµӡ
ŶŶӳЦЩɰͣû˼ˣƵĺܡ
ֿ״Ҳû˵ʲôѾ˵꣬뿪ҡ

ԷʱҸϲ̵˵ҹ͵˸ӣѾ̸׵ˣһģչ˶ӻչ˺ӣʰޣᾡľȸһ빤Ǯºٸʣµġ
ھ͸
ĸײ̫ͬҸЦˡôᣬȻõȶ˺Ӻȥżչ˶ͺӲŸǮ
⻹ࡣֿüЦĿ˾䡣
Ҹֵһȥģ˰±⣬ֵܾͰǵ±⣬ԭȻûõĽ飬ǳ±Գġ˵Ǯ

㲻ͬ⣬ҶȰ䡣ҸЦúܿġ
ֿʱˡʡһǮĻ᲻ͬ⣬˵ϱͺӣҲǮ˵ţе⡣Խ鷺ˡ
ôܣˣǶ˵ġҸŶ塣˵Ҫ͸չͺӣͺͶ˵¡˵׺ĸƣģ˵أȴЦͦܣҲګˡ

ת۽£ȣͷũ
ڼ٣Ҹһʱæũȥʰլӡ
ֿŮæ£浽ӣõӻǮԸ͵͵ǳעݽϣСʱʹϢһ߶չȽ˵˵ԳԸȡ

ۿӾҪŸ£ȣײţڼʱ䡣
ղ֪ĥʲôһ춼䣬˵˵˼ģҲиˡ
Ҳ߹ĸףأ̫š
ֿûܣôʱˣЩˮˮȥŮӹǡ
˵ϱˮŮϲģˣ
ȻǷ˸ۣǱЦü̡ۣ

ŮԽԽ˳⣬ֿǸˣҲҸû¶ʹŮ˵˵ŴŮҲԽԽ泩
ӷͷ֮϶Ǻõģ鼫ãȸճǻỹá
ϧ̫أЩӰ飬ǰǿ϶ͷɣŶЩͲôڣӺֿĻ˵ʲôʲôֻ÷ڵ飬ģ㿴ˣֻҪ֣Ҳǲֵġ

ڵɽʱЩҼһԺǰпġ
Ҫ˵İĦһסţũҰҲøŴҲգٶе
ɽӴһֱߵſڣü˼ҳ£ÿؼʱұǶܻУϰˡ
ĳ֣ЩӣҲϰˡ

ҼǵöɩʱŸˣҲڵɻôɩŸջϾѼЪˣ
ٳ˵ԴѾҲûˡҵʱ˵̥ЩȣҲЪѣũæû취µظɻȥˣɩһֱЪţǺӾͲû˵Щʡû˺ӣҵڶµظɻûúЪţŸӹ²ҪȻĻᵽӶûС

ԺϱҲ˵ˣǻũæڲũæءϸ˵Ż˵żҿɾͷһ磬Ҳú̥һƵģɻѺӸŪûˣֵܣŷһأУҲó˵ˡ
Цźϡࡣ⻰˵öԣ֪ܰԹһæýŲմأһ⿴Ŷۺأ˭źǰɣǴģżھͷһ޶ɲָһ

ҽܲˡԴѾ̬ǿӲĺܡɩҺͶɩһµظɻҪȻǾͷּңûȥˣƫҲûôƫķ뵱ҵĺӣҵĺӡ
ԺԼϱû˵ĺӣ͸ƵšѾ˵öԣƫҲûôƫķ֪ǿش磬ΪǳԵҶԲƽϣ²Уûôϱź̥ȵ»µظɻɩܳ˯ôͲµظɻƫ󣿡

ɽĬĬĽԺӣĬĬϱߣĬĬŴɩϱ˵ż۳Աߵϱ
ǷʣһоûУƽš
Ҫ˵ίίӦӣƫƫ˭Ҳûпڣ·ûйϵƵġ
ͷẓ́ɨӺϱϰܻĳѮϱϲѶңûһ찲ӹ
쳳ֻҪһӴյһܳԸӶ徻
ӹ£
˵һˮƽ´ϱ˺ӣҲ̫ƫ


ͷ˵仰ɤ۶ðˣȴӻӣҪַּƵģúܣû취
ͷ˵۵ĺܣæ˼һòƬּ̹ңĸ֣ᵭ
ҲǷҪŷּңĸڣּ̫ѿˡֻ²̫ƫģǳӣԣҲĶӰⳤôĲ𡣡Ժ˵ίˡ
ͷЦˡǰ϶ۻʱô˵ЩֵԸͷˣͿʼίˣ
⡭
˰ɡͷ̾˿Ҳӣ̸ģ̶̻һĳּҾͷּҰɣͷּңȥϺ

ϷˣƻҰҹɫӶ˵ʲôأҲּͬң
˵֣ͱ֡ͷϰ飬̫ˣ徲ӣ϶ӲԸۣңҲã֣һֱô֣׵ֵҲñˡ
Ҳ֣Ҳ֣Ҳ֣Ҳͬ⣡
ͷȥ

˷ϣԺ˶ɵˣ㶵أ췴Ӧ
ô£ˣǳ˻þ
ո˵ʲôţ
ּң
ûи

ݵ𾪺ãȻ󣬴ɷֽ㻹ûϴɣ
š
ȥϴɡ
á
һһ𣬿źƽûʲô

ɵ˴ϣϸűıסɷ֣ȴֲڡ𣿡
ˡ
Ļּ𣿡ӵŻ㱸УţҪּ
ɽ롣Ӧû֣ҿ˵ú档
ﲻͬġ
ּңﲻͬҲû취ǵ˵㡣
Ϊʲôأ벻ס
ɽ˸Ƿֵ֪ϱ˯𣿡
е˯š
Ŷţɽ˺
ɷĺţҲԺ˯ˡ˯ǰ룬˵ҪּңЩֲˡ

磬緹ʱͷü˶ߣȥ峤ϵ˹
ּҷֵúܿ죬һֱںּ֣ңûãһöûУͷҪּңһ֮˵㡣
˭ҲûֵÿÿǮӣ˿ûТģҲͲǿˡ

£һʱżҾͷ˼ҡ
ɷȥʱҲûݣҴææĳƽմߡ

ֿŮմɽ䶼ûȡͿ߹ĴŮ
ϲɫڶڲס浽§ڻǵĶͷּˣ

żҷּˣշֵļҡ
ֿ¡ּˣôôͻȻأǲǳʲôˣ
ûУҲ֣ǹִҪ֣Ųͬ⣬ֵúȴûãǷ˼ҡ
ǿǺһ׮ֿüЦʡôֵļң
ӱϸϸ˵ĩˣ˾䡣еҪúܶأҪʡˡ
⵹ģֽڿĺܣӿ϶ù
Ҳôġ
ĸŮ˵ЦĽݣ浽ЩѺĻּ֪ʲô˼Ҳ˵ĺܣһţЦ¶ĸҲЦ




70.  70   ޣ

ִӰͰͶĸϹĸ׷ּϢ, ʵһҪԭ
Ӵȥ
ҲæһѵҪޣ·˼, ûѹŹ, ӻȥ, øܿࡣ

ֿȻͬ, üЦĵԺ󰡣, ĪԼۣҲúӸίТӦģȴҲһζ˳ӣҪСҷļϸ, ҲãɽҲãҲ, Ҫġ
, ׵ġҲѧ˶ãֱͦ˵, úþӪԼС, ˳˳ĹţҲٲЩġ

ִҳ˸緹ûൢ飬ʹӻżҡ
շ, Ҳһѵµء
ҽʰ׵Ҿʱ浽˵˵˶٣Ц˵Ҳ˰ɣʱҹȥ, æһ֡˵̾ţüڲסɡ˼ңǲһġ
ԭûּңּ֪ûֻѣζΡͻȻ˵ּҾͷ˼ңһʱ侹Ҳ˵ζ־ǳ˵ͷˡ
ּҿãĹ

ŮĸŮ뿪ûãֿæͷĻǡеУȥ塣ŮżҷּҵϢ˳ɻͦŸӹ˵ȹȥ˵˵¡
㣬ҲкЩûŶŮ˵ʵġ

ֿǰԼ˵²Ů˵֪أʱ߶

ϤִӦ˾䣬ŷӦˣ˵ĸϽվЦúǿġô̫զǵǶϴˮ֪ĸװɾһ·߹ϴ˺ϴ
ϱͷһӣϸϸĴкܼ
׻˵ֲЦˣ˵ֿҲûʲôԹֺǺǵ˼䡣

պܺá
Ҳʲô£ֿ˵żҷּҵ¡ģԹ緹󣬰Ҳȥˡ
ͷּˣ⣬Բ۾ȻЦּ˺ðԼʲôͳʲôʲô͸ʲôгѹš浽ȥҲãܴѼҲ̫񻰡

ô뷨ֿϰˡѮڼߵʱи˲УҸȥţء
ӷģɩҪʱæ¾͹иʲôô׸ӸŸ㡣
˵ֿЦҲҹðæһ죬˯̫˲ϴڼЩҲܾѵ㡣
⻰ǶԣҼҹ﷢ģҶ۵ֱˣҼҺӻ˯ء˵ʱһЩ¡ʱʹĺܣڻЩȤˡ

ӵӵճ飬Ů˻һһ˵ĵú硣
̫ƫۿҪ
ֿʱ࣬׼ؼȥҲ׼ˣŻؼ

ϱЩ˼ֿŴҴԶ˵˾䡣㽻ãǲЩͷ̫ϣЩñҲˣţóþòĳ
ǵõʱѶŮӽҴȥʱһ˵ĳǸõģȫ׵ĺãǰҲڹôѡ

ҶģģֲɵЦ˵ţصĸ׵ĸ첲·㣬һסĶӣС˵Ҳ쵱ˣ㲻̫ңúúչԼúõģر̤ʵ
ֿ˿˿ƵĲЩ֣ûжʣҿ϶úõģԺ˯ðӹñҪҸӸء

ĸŮվ˵˻ỰֿԼżһɵķ㣬Щũˡ
ҵˣ׸Ӹ͹ˡ
á
ĸԶһֱӰŻ

ֿʱҸѾСĻ𣬷Ҳˡ
ϳʲô
ҿֿûĥ£ת˵ȥЩ۵ߣó޳һżҷּˣû
Ҹͷ˵ˣ浽ӻȥˣ
԰ȥ˵£Ҳڣźܼܵأûʱ˵˵ǲڴʲô⡣
°˵ҸûϷţĸͦ͵һɪ˵ûּʱ֪۸ǷڼˣմźôͰͰͶĴչŲϵ
ֿҲͷˡһӱסء
ôܣôҲǸƹˣʶˣǰһ
Ҷˡ

ת۾ͽѮӴӹˣϻذ㣬˸緹ˡ
żֻĶĶʣµĶǵ˴︻ġ
ԼĶֵֻܵһĶñͿԵĶĶǱϾĶöĸʮӡԺԸһĶɽĶʣһĶͷԸ֡
ȻǵĶֵܸĶԸ裬˽꣬Ըȥ︻˵

˼ңɽɾˣæʱŻؼһѺúʰ˷Ŵţȥȣڵó٣ؼʱɫлҲᵽȥææ
㣬Ķȴǲ۵ģеʱŮɽЩȣ浽ѧӡ
ּ±ζ꣬ѾҪӻǮҲʹұһо񲻼ãһ¶ܱ࣬ӣټżңӵϰҲԵЩ

˹ֿͷ֣Ůľò˺Եĸı䣬üۼʻ˲٣ܸˡ
ӻ˵ּҺɽǮȻҲСңϽĸׯ߹ȣҲܵǮִһҲܺüأ꣬ͿҴ峤Ȧض·ӡ
żҷֵίʵ̫ҳһõģʱվˣ˲㡣
˵˲٣˵ö£ǰ붼밡ΪûּңҲ롣
ֿüۺЦţοˡ

Ѯʮ죬ûؼʱƽմĸ˵˵
˼ǣϱҪڼϱ޶ټȥӡ
ֿȻͬģ˳õļȥе㡣

˵¶ʮҹﴺͷˣ賿߳ð⣬һصޡ
С޶Ŵ˸ƣĿޣر
ñʮĶ˵кˣͺĶӽнк
ޣĸ޻ȥˡ
û꺢ӺĴͦǻʱĸúðɡ




71.  71¶   һǸгϢģ

᲻ûı, ޶Ͱͣɸ, ôôÿ
ӣĳӣٺٺٺٺ, Ҳгˣ

ƽմûִһ, Щ, ŹǷ˾䡣
û˵ҲǿŻ޶, ۾գһ£ڲסϲ˷ܡ
ִɵû˾䡣ڲȥ㻹ʲôʱȥ
ȥȥģȫǶӵĽô˾, ꣬ŷӦЦšǸøĸ, ˵ĸ˵, ȥҴææߡ
Ѻ£ִǣ˶, Ļа˯⡣ճĺӲܼ磡ǲɵ㡣

ʲô, ѺӸңҴ˯ȥƽմ塣
§޶ңȥ, ܵ˹˿š
㣬ʱҪûСĵ㡣
ϱ˯˯Ҿ, ҲȥֺõЦţűӻص˴ߡ

ϱ˯ź󣬽ĽСķŵϱߣŵĳݡ
硣ţЦŴкɩӺͺӶ˯ˣ
šأ
ݸߵϲ¶ȥˣ˵һġ
ҲûԵ£һ˳ȥƽմ壬¶ĸСӡ
ӦУһ׼

Ը£յܽź˯ϱͶӣЦŸɵ

ֿѣ˺Щİæܻǰ档˭
ּӣǽ¡
°ֿкţĿڷǲǴ
ԣɩ峿˸ޣء
Ȼûв´ֿЩתسˮø±ζأŻðɣ
ĸͦõģɩ˴ءƤҲִ˼ּӣ֪Ķϸ˳

ּҴСʱ»ȥʱֻк滨Բǿ飬⻹Щ±±㡣
ʮ綼ϰף޹Ů˺ӣ׼ҹţ˿ֻȥٶøѹѹ
һֱ˵ּҴɩжöãۼʶˣĶأﶼġ

磬һˡ
òòݡ
ּӸġЦŰݸ磬˾䡣ͦ֡
ûһ
˵ﻹе£ʰ޺òܹ
Ҳԣõͷ±±˳±ζʣ緹ʱԣҲһݡʣµĹ⿴֪ȻǸϱԵģýš

ֿȥｫҸ˻ȥˣȥϪףͷżӸ˵ˡ
ֻûû뵽أȥϽͺõӺҾͲڼˣȥ忴Ҫ֣ǱҲ˸ţɽǱһæ򲮰æġⶼǰ˵õġ
֪ˣȥɣԺʹӹ

æͷ£Ҳóؼңæ߻
ϱ
ˡ
ˣҺ֧Ӧءֿ˵ǿ
̹ˣüЦĻءһˣҲҴ֣ӺȲ裬ӻ˯أͦõģͷ㣬ҶֺǺǵϴȥˡ
߶߶˵Żպܼá

򲼣趼ûãֱϪϴͯˣֲ࣬ˮ´˴꣬øɾˣšˮЦȥ·׳˵ϲӦţüۡ

ֿ˵˸ӣֵġ
ҸˣҲжˡðáݿĸû޶رãģرÿ˵к󣬴ͬ⣬ְϧ
Ук󣿣
̴ֿŵе˳ڣøȡʲôû
룬˵Ҹ˸ȡ
ҲãѲ˼Ǯ浽־Ҷȡء
ǺãҲ֪ȡɶӺסкֶãզͲϲءﲻþò׵˸ӣóǮ˸ȡ
ֿü۲⣬Сͽкɡ
һ˵
а
öʱˡãккһţĴ顣

ܿҸŸӹˣ죬ӣʮҵܼͣ࣬࣬ɻ
緹һ޵ģζܲרŸ˲Ѫ࣬˵ʹҽĴ򣬸˺ӵŮ˳رãкüأʼͰš
ϴʰ̨£Ҳһæţæֽ꣬ĸţѰ䣬ǡкѸٱӣЦ˵ء򲼣ϸɾġ
򲼺ãӱûпˣѺӷŵߣϵ򲼡ȥϴ¡

ôֿʶŮ
˯һ磬ͷ㡣ܺãҾĻúֵദ˶̶̲ʱ
úþУأһͻȥˣ±ζⲻܶٹ
ȥɣڣ˵Ҳ֣أ㣬򲼶ϴ·׮ôõ㡣
ֿŮ˵˻Ự˶ŵϾճܿ˯ˣ˯źݣֺŮ˵˼䣬ʹҸƽմ塣

յĿţ˵˸ޣæͷĻ˰ӼŮҴææ塣
ۿҪũæˣɴ˻ϴѣ¶Ҫæ
㹻ȴɫЩڶüסһޣԹ緹ߣ˵ϴסһ죬ʡܡ
ɽǱߣҲǲõģһͶԡ

˵ʱӺɫĳݣӲš
ǷּҺðɡ̾˾䡣
ЦŻء԰ּҺ󣬲֪ԭô̹Ĺţ˵㣬̹ţ
ĺ˵Լ˺󣬱ǻ棬Ҳѵ˵һỰƺûصĽ̸ˣһ˵һ磬·˵Ļһֱ˵һֱ˵

Ӱϴºȫϸ£÷ĵȥӣĻ˵ڸɾʮ㣬öǮҪкȥʶ֣һǸԵأ
Լıӣ˵äĿţ˵ɵҲ߯˵㣬˵ɵҲֺǣǾԼҶӸⲻһʹĺӺܲһһǸгϢģ

˵ʶֿ֣Ҳڴɲ̫㣬ŵȰͶ̸̸¡
ʶĺҪҸҪ£ʱܶ˴򽻵۽ǲģʶ֣Ǵ˵㣬ѧֻҪѧӦҲѧ




72.  72°   ³ڣǸ

ũæû, ˳ϸ꣬һһҹŸոµׯڡ
ȵȻ˿˿ˬ


ֿݷõɴˮ̳, г˿
׳Űؾֽɡ, ŲҴ˹æء
ǰ
, һæɡ׳ɡ, ˸Ӱ¡
ֿݺõĲݸҪ˵æҲæЩ, ͦʵۡ

һûһżҳ׳ﲻ˵⣬ֿҲû, ˵˵ҲͷĻ
˰죬׳±ζ, ԸԸͽ
ɶ˼
и, Ҷģ˵±ζú, Ҳ, ĥŰɣܸܲѧһѧúҲ￪±ζ̣ȻҶ, ǸڵٺԶء

ԭ¡ֿЦҡҡͷհ⴫
Ŷ׳¶ʧЦЦҲ, ǳԷգѧȥ»ǮҲǲеģǮ֣ҧرأƺк㡣
׳˵öԣ¶ܱ˳ǮҲǲ̵ܽġ
ðɣ׳ȷʵûܣҲûֻﻹ¾Ȼȥˡ

¶ֿ±ζ𽥴ú󻹻Ὺڶӣð±ʵЩ
׻˵úãپС˶ܿ¡
㱳ֶΣ¶ҲûŹûĵˡ

ԷʱҸ˵£ֵúɽҲע㣬˵ʱ̽һֻһƤëҲĥȥ±ζҪЩ±ϣͷģǵ±ζҲ֪֣ҪǼϸڣ±ζҲûǣҲ֪㣬ǻûʲôмȴҲдá
ãҾͺʹ˵˵£Ƕ㡣ҸӦš

ʮ죬ҸЦŸĸסԺĹ𻨿ˣƮŹɵζͦš
լӣԺӣһС𣬳ŷ·ֻӣм仹пھǲˮ
Ϳˣ˵ʮ㣬ֿЩȡʮǻңʱ˳ȥ𻨳ĺأôͿˡ
ҸҲЩ⡣ûأȥԼŵ˵ζս˲ŷ֣ԺĹ㣬ûٻ
ԭ򡣡
߶żҳüҶЦΧ⡣

ڣʵҲкü𻨣·֪Ҫ˰㣬¹Ŀ͸ŹƢˬŵĹ㣬ž̹
ɷȥӣرŶӹҡ
ֿ֪Ůӣʰ飬£һæ±һʱʱĿǰԶԶسһģӰ˶û壬͸˵ߡ


֪㡣ֿӹк󣬿ۣЦˡ˯ÿ㡣
üЦĽӻ޶ôĺܣ˯˯˳ԣôڡ
ʰù
û¶صܣֻżͷҲۡ
°һˣ
ͷأһ꣬ñͰȥӣҪƵڿ춨ûеģأֵô޶صһҲãȰһ밾ȥ˵

ûţӾֿҲû˵ʲôǾðɡǮ𣿾Ϳһأܾò̫
ðءæкôĺܣڻС˯˯˳ԣԱ߿žУæЩ£ӰӵȣһҲܻǮء

˵ݣ˯ŵкŵ˴ϣҪæ¶ŶӣֻҪ֣һ㶼ǸҡϷš

Ҹ˵լԺõò࣬Ϳ԰ȥסֿ֮ǰŹˣеԥʡլԺӣ׼ٿ±ζ꣬⿿һ˶æҪȻңҸ㹤Ǯ˶˵ҲȥˣͰȥˡ
⡣ִˡⲻðɡءҸҪȢϱأܵ
ⱾҲҪأ⿿һˣֵù⣬ûغԺ±±ζ±ζæùʵҲ̫Źˣ±ζãӣˣЩֶΣʹžõ±

ִɷ˵ȷʵҪעҪģŶľϰͳһءһ޵ĹŮ˺ͺסô£⣬϶ᵢҸ˵ס
ȥϻҲСֿҡͷкСأôڣҪȻӣ
ɲɣⷿӵöǮ

еѰˣĥ¡纰㣬浽ˣܰŸЩʡĻأȥϻأҲסɣ̫ܲá
Ӽأֵġ
˵˵ȥҲû۳÷˵͸£Ե顣

ҪʱĩӴŮˡ
һţЦӯӯ˵ãˣ
ɶ
ˣǴӦ졣ˣ˸߲ҵΧԼҴ㿴ȦҾͷţּҺ󣬴ɫҲԽԽأȻǷּҺá
¡
ֿܸˣжŮеľǰҲ˵㣬߶߶ضš
˵Цһϲ

˵浽ֵȥ˯ŵĵܵܡ
кʱأһ£СЩҲ׾ˣÿؼҵһ¾ǱıӣļᶨڲͬǸгϢˣ
˵ˣ

ҸʱֿϸϸضţʾЩ
ʱ͵˼ſڡ
к󰡣ҵȣţ¿ˣϲصܡϱۼҶ
̷ء浽վſ˵
ת˯ıӱ𣬻ϲøʲôƵģЦرɵ

Ҹ֪ϲЦźʹϲɽЩ¶浽Цĺ;˾˵Ż
Բ緹ȻҲǼΪʢ
һѵһã˵˵ЦЦ֣һ緹ʱ˵ƣҲСҲգմ˵
оƣվ͸ˣƽЩֵĺܡ

ûţʮҲûţֿҸңͷڣأҲ֪ܻãִִǿ϶ҲҪȥһˡ
ּӵһȺˣټǱӵһȺˣǷǳϲһ졣

󣬺ܿ˾£Щ⡣
³ڣǸõӡ
ּѡ죬լԺѵԷߵݣֿռõ򣬽һӣдң϶һҵȣԺڲͰǰͷδŵҲûжӵ




73.  73¹   ֣ܲҲǡ

ˮĶ, 죬춼ϸ꣬ûûҹƮš
լǰŶ, Ժǽұ᷿, ᷿ƿ, ԶСʯ, ϪˮѶĴ, ɣҲз¡
иСţСųȥӣʯҲ֡СиСé, ȥݣݡ᷿䣬߱ȲҪԺ, ֳ̼

ֿҸס᷿, ʱ

ԭȻԺЩߣƴ쾮, ûضֲ, ˲˾Ͳɹ
Ҹǽ棬һխխĳ˵أҲƿСҼƵ, ˼۽ˣձɣһ࣬ðŹ, Ծ궹ǣòŹ͡
ôһɫȴðƴԺ˲١

Ҹʱ㣬ŵ߽ذɣ㡣
㡣
󣬶Ǯأֿ˵ࡣŪ飬ô
Ȼᵽϣúɽ˱㲻ȥԣҲʡ˱СǮ
ҸϵˮСûֽɡšģҶ͵ģ˲٣Ҳпڸøˡ

Źͷأ㣬ŪǳƬҲͲˡ
áҸһӦţȥھʰ޳
ֿɳ©ҲУҿ쵽ʱˡˣҸȺֵܣҪҪǹԸ
᲻̫鷳ˣ
ʲô鷳鷳ģǳԷޡ
У룬ȥǡ

˿Ҫպʱɽˣݾͺˣ
ûʪɣֿ˾䡣
ûУҴɡ
Ҹ˰Ѳ񡣡û
˵ȳţʱ򡣡
ǰɡֿưˮԳԷˡ˵ţóֻʢҸðѷװ÷ŹţʡһˣеأˣüӸ̿ɡ

ɽͷĳԷ⻰Ͻ˾䡣ģھͷ̿軹ˡ÷˺óԣ˵Ҫ뷹öװ㡣Цһ㡣óԣһ㶼ȣر㡣
ϲͶԵ㣬һԵءֿŮķװãԷ̿ö㡣
Ҹͷ¡ȽʮҾͿʼţѰ͸ͨЩ̿򡣡ȥ̿濴żãѹźЩû͸ܸ̿̿գһọֻ̈̄ȷŻ
ʱǼһ򣬻ܸۡ
ȣġɽЦšȥҺʹ˵

Թɽûô飬ڵķ˴Ҵææ˽ȥ
ˣɶ
㡣رóԵ㡣
˵䣬Ѿó˷ˣ۾š㣬Ҫ˵ǵĸ𿴷Ĳ˺óԣҲûô㣬˵ζ
ԡ
˵㣬ûžɽȴ档

û˵ʲôʱţ´ûף˾䡣ӵ¡
ɽҡҡͷû˵
ǳԷûĵʲô
У˵̿£˵Ǽһ򣬻ۣܽҸʶѵԷ
úٺٵЦҸڣ̿£ʡˣûʱ£ÿܵ
ԡãȳҴЩͲ˻ȥӲӹǡ
ȷʵҲˡҼҴǻڣԵĺȵĲóк޵ÿˣرо⺢ԽԽͷԡ
⻰⵽˱ϣþзҲסˡ
ɽϰˣֺǺǵţʱʱӦ䡣

ҸϾӪһ࣬Ҳ˸СȦӣˣԶ׳СеĳˣҲ˵еҸ㻹ǵһ
ֿպãֺóԣر¾ƣҸ֪Ƕϲȵһƣ˸ɾҲȵ߰˰ˡ

һûУǶٶЩԺ˵ƫ˷ܡ
ֿûȥԷһĸ̫ʣڳͷ֣ϸϸشȺˣҸѻͦ۹⣬Щţ

ƮƮϸ˺ü죬ҪѮʱ磬̫˿ʪ䣬ůظ·˶ˡ
Ҹĸס㿪𣿡Ϊ󣬺ܿͻ̿š
ûźʵˣæֿҲ뿪ţûţôţ
һֻܹŶ˽±ζѶ꿪͵ٹɿʵˣһרϴϴдʳģһſ˵⡣

ô
ԸֿÿСҿֽź
Ҹȥʣûӻ
ĻȹһˣҪãһæʱ˵˵Ҳ١
⹤Ǯô㣿
˵Ҳ۾Ǻ飬һֱæšֿò⡣￴ö࣬öٹǮʣ
ҸʡֻϴϴдʳģԵ²æ
ԡ
ıȽϺʡ
ãģôȥ˵ԸԸ⡣

һ£źҪһģЩԥһţǮ١ͬʱҲЩĶźҪãһҲ̸ࡣ
ȥԣûҲ֪ܲܳɡ
ԣֻһҲǮ
⻰źܷģճԹ緹üЦּȥ

ֿʱ£ЦԲסǸ㣬粻ù߳Ҳû뵽
粻ù߳
ǵġ
úúãٹӸϲĵӴֵܽӸĻء

ʱ룬Ӿ͹ˡ
ּҸճ緹ֿʰ꣬ͺĴкʳѾݷˣ˿̫ϸôžУибУϴɾҾУƤгɿ顭ϸϸؽôŪ
֣ܲҲʱˡ

˽ֵӣÿ±Ҫһʮң±ʮҡ̿ţֿع£±Ͷʮ±һٽ̿ţ˽ֵӰ˳ɻӰ졣
ٽһ⣬ͷˮȣֿˣͷҲܺóأЩǼ۸ܱˣȥ±⻹ҪЩǵ÷ѾʰӰæĺ
ʱһǸιģúҲͶһͷּҳ´룬ʣµһ⣬ݾ¥һͣԸ̯һЩҲòˡ




74.  74   ӴĸС

ܺ, ůأ΢紵𣬸ļ⡣
ֿĻ, Ժ, ˵, , гرȡ

⵶𣿡ֿʣЦ⡣ղ˻, в˾Ͳ̫Щʳģʱкãҵõһ졣
ּ֪֮ǰסƽմ, ֺǺǵػص࣬ææææʱһ¾͹ȥˡ
˵Ҳ, ס, ƴĵضֲҲЩ, Ҫʡء

ҸһӸ, ĸ׺߶߶ҳû˵Ц
͸ڼҲͦãи˵İ顣

ֿ̧ͷۣüЦĵˡԱߵ˹ȥ԰ѻճ, úܣ
ô໨ʲôһݣһŨĻܡ
ҪǮȻøЩС

ּǵܻӭ˵ر, ζ㣬о
йѰʣܲЩؼҡ
ûʱֿæҲ͸ˣ¼ӣµ꿪ţܲĥž
ҸȥʮŰ״ƿһƿװۼʮǮ
±̫ͣ±һ㣬ˮĸߣ⼸٣
ͿѰ裬ŸϲģǼǮԹҲԸǮ
Ȼ۵ζҪЩ֥黨֮ģ׼ӽȥտǻᣬǼ֥㣬ίʵЩ̫㣬û֥顣

Ҹ¡ΪʲôҪôƿװƿӵúüһͷû׬ͷɡ
׬ͷġֿ˾䡣ƿƯžŴ󷽣ԸǮǵҪƿϴɾùûκ𻵣ʱͿǮ
⣬⣬ͷǡ
Ҹûףֿ˵ؼͶˡ

ˣʱûбˣ
Уÿģϰ˵ٱˣͼۣܵ׬
ԺҪҪʳֻ಻٣ˣֿҸûٺͲܰ彲۸ܱһһģŲ࣬ջۣҲǺܼǮġ

Ҹ˰컨еڿʣݹ๾ˮʱʡǲǸˣ
ԡ
컨һᡣ
Уͽˣ̫飬̫˲㣬ȥ
Ҹ黨İɣӰѻ׵

ٶТ˳ءӿദĽ
ͷرٶңҸЩ̫ڡ㺰ҸС
ţֺǺǵЦ

ҪʱѾе±ʳĶкˣ͹ˮҲʰ޺ˣͲûϴûУͷҲûʰ
в˰ɣҪôУ
ֿۿæһ磬Ҳʮͣͦⲻȥû£ЪЪ߶߶չֽţԸ޾С
˿áӺЦšʵҲۡ
ϰ˰ɣô᲻ۡ
ӼҲðвˣڵջ𡣡ǰæͷۺ˾;ӹͣûʲôоˡ
̫⣬ʱţȥռѰ
ЦЦû˵

ֿעӪͷǱеģزˡ
ɽó극װõĹͷͺţϣֽİϴˣ̨ʰ뿪

ҹ׼ƫƧɽһˣҪܶɣȥɽͷһգͷҪЩ
ֿû룬뷨һȥ
»Ǵҵģ룬һȥ²ũæ˾Ҳ̫ţϸţӦòࡣ
ԭȼţȥҡļֻ޵ĹŮһ˵һ룬أһңʲ֮ģȫ

ȥɽգԴЩճƷɽûǮֱճƷǻȻǮ㡣
Ҹ۾ʱˡϸ˵˵ѵõĴߴ١
Сֿϸϸ˵

˵ʱҲæͷ£ʰ޺ͷ㣬زķŽ±һ±һǻ±ƽʱշ˾СҪˮи¯أҲĺܡ
һͨæѾʱĩլԺܱ߾ģۣһƬں˯ء
ҹˣϽȥ˯ɡֿ˸Ƿ˸
Ҹյů͵ƣվڴǰ˵Ƚݡ
ֿģĵƹ⣬ѸıҸҹš
á

µ꿪ţҪæرࡣ
ȥľڣͲæҡ
˳໨Ҫչ˹⣬˴͸ţˣˡӶǸԼɷţһѺҲϡ

ͷβм壬ּլԺȴֵĺܣͦһݶӵˡ
һɽʹŶ˽ֵӣùµæںԺӣֿĸȻҲڶ꣬Ҳڶ꣬ȥһµ꿪ԳԣһһŻݡ

ּ±ζģֻµ꿪ʱŻݣ
һʱ䣬ǿװףּ֪±ζҪ󣬾һֱš

ʱֿƿסƵĺҸͷš
Χ۵һѷƵߡ

ƹ±⣡ҪҪһ㣬㣡
أɵúüǮˣ
ϰȫҪˣңңҪҪҷպųԡ
︯񣬰ͷһ
ָ˷𣬵ĸˣֿҸĸڣҲЩæˡ

żһһźöӰ𼷣ֿɤӺ
ž˵ŻϲģǸϢˣʮһƿʮһƿͷĻ֥飬رر㣡ϲԵǧƿӰƿӿǸĺ˻ԣԣƿϴɾûκ𻵣õǮֻʮһģֻҪʮһİ

ˣóˣһƿʮǮǰɣҸ
ֵܣǮյûŰɣôһƿ㻹ҪŶٰ϶ûһ
㶮ƨּǵζͷզԶóԣúܣֱʡ¹ӵǮʡ¶
ʮǮҲ̫˵ɣƹǶٰûааû
󣬰ƿϴɾҪֱùǮֻʮһǮһ㶼ðɣĺܣر㣬ͷš

ļ۸ǹЩʮĲŰ
ֿ㹻׼֪١
һʱŷ֣ʮƿȻȥʮƿӴĸв




75.  75ʶ   ô죬ý

յ͵, ûҲܼá
ֿڵˣҸԱ, ĸûô˵, ˿Ǵ²
԰ķΧȴʧܰ, ԼůƵĵƹҲйϵɡ

Ҹ, ԽԽãⱿЩѾš
ȷʵѾҸ, ԥĵѲʷʷǮˡ
ֿۡʷ㡣ǵ⿴źʵҲûһܸʮͿӷˡ߶˵ҵ, ˽ʶôͷҲ̽ңæţʶЩҪЩ

ңҸԲ۾, ʶ֣ꡭ˵ɡ
ֿʱˡ˭˵ģԼ, ҶûԼһʶأ
, ȥѰĸһ, Ҹˣﷸ飬׻ҧҧӲͷƤϣѧ, ܹѧЩīˮװܰװ˷Ǯ
ȥȥ
аɡ

±ζʣ˯رô, 䣬ֿе
Ҹţ̽ź˾䡣ûҳ⽵緹
ɣ

ֿһĴŹǷ̫ˣԳγεĴͷӷϣ˲ż˵ѡ
Ҹζ˱ǵ⽽ݡ
Ҹ˵øϽ˹Ͻʶ۾۵
ĸױͷ˵˶٣ҸûеЦ֪һѧ
˵СС֪ôˡ

ʱŴˣԱ̯ͷ˵棬ſţ˽±ζֻ⡣ҸҨЩЩͷɣͷ
ֿϲ嵭㣬ζ㣬ҪӲҪˣ
ĻȻҲҪԵġ
һ⽹
ҸҡҡͷһҪţʱٳԵ㣬Ҳڵһæù
û¶æ͹͸ˡ
߳Ա˵һ¶ǣҸų˸ֱ°ϴɾĸ˵Ҵææĳ˼š

Ͼϴ䣬ֿԺ緹ͷģҪʰ̨еֻ룬ѾöӸϴˡ
ʡ
ֿ̾ţŴ򿪡
̨±ζҸ磬Щ鶼޵ģͶ˽ֵ±ζҲŪ
Ҫ˵ӣĺˣ

ϰ緹ûſͦ簡ӻ̵ϰ߿ű˵Ż϶Цּ¿ɽ˺ӵǸմ˵⣬ƽʱҪһ㡣
ճ緹ϰأ
ںԺޡ
˵䣬½½ű򿪣Ľֵʼ

ƹҪ䣬
ֿĳ˰䣬˵ֽ׵İá
Ե׮󣬽Ӷ˽±ζҪ˵æҲڣһֱ¡

Ҫһ䡣
˼ˡ
ˣ±Щ䣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ֿºͺ͵Ľšһֻһ䣬±ЩҲûӣ򵽵Ҿ˼ҡҪȻ㳢ģζҲܺá
֪ζãҶüûˣϻسžϲִ㻹нˣֻ㡣

ҪʱۿҪ緹ˮЩ±ҪԱˣַٵ±ζѾˣͷҲûʣ٣±⻹ûô

һ±⣬︯񣬲Ҫ
ͷ⣬㡣
ͷ⻹ûеĻ
ֿæ˾䡣ûˣֻʣӣҪҪٸЩ±⣿
ɣҸմӶ˽ֹǱҲûˣһҪ±⣬±Բ𰡡
Ҫ±⣬ҪЩģ㡣
һ±Ҫƹҿ˽ˣǲҲˣҪҪˣ

Ҹſ鶹꣬ĸæµ󲽼˹̨ڣѶһԹš
и˰ţǲһֿԻˡ

æһ󣬵Щֿ첽˺Ժѷϣֿ˿¯ЩͷСֱһΪʣµİ߼ó׼Ū˼˵Ŷһ²˼弦
ʱҲճˡ
ԺһŨķ㡣

Ҹľ˷ˡ
ľͰźԺſڡ
ɽˣ
ţǰš
ֿﺰɽϴֳԷˡ

ͦ磬緹Ե磬ʱּҲŸճԹ緹лϴʰ̨¸סˡ
ֿҲȷʵۣæš

ȥ˯ᣬصӡҸżš
ҲУˣҪҶ˵ҵôˣ
Ҹ룬ĸ׶ģҪʶңһʱš
ңҶҪʲôҪ𣿡
һҪţҸʶ֡

гɣ˻ᣬҼҸڵиɣѾͯˣҪţ£ˡ

Ҳ̫˵ӣæҾ˵˵
ǲǡ֪ᣬֿ˾䡣˵˽Ҹʶ֣ȴ̫Ǯҿ˵ĶɣԸ

ҸĹǮǶ٣ײţҪǮͿЩдܵô£ҲǺԸġ
ֿصǮһ£Ҹϲ˲£ЩȥԣһͷܻмͷһأҲĸѧϰʶ֣Լһʱʱ
ʱأʱһ¾ģӾöͦ󷽡һȥμСɣҪԸ⣬Źô
ԡ

˵磬һԵҸĵšûڵæһæùﲻ֪Ҫòܹźʵˡ
ǰҲҪ֣μһиСأɻҲ˺ڿ죬ʶһ֣ѧġ˵꣬¶࣬˾䡣ҲһסţμͦѵģТ˳ҳžЩۡСﳤúã̫óһɣƫƫӹýͣҰЩ£ҸѰ˸ϴѵ£죬ֿġ

ڵæɻҲһٹǮ絽緹ҪԸĻ͹ԡֿĥ˭룬ȿ˵
ֵ۾гúúãǺţ

ôˣҸЩӦ
Ҳ̫˰ɣΪѰʮ£һȫˡ
Ҫʼʶ֣
ô죬ýš




76.  76ºÿ   Ǻÿϵɡ

Ӽҵ緹ƺҪЩ, ÿضּҸոճ꣬ûʰ͹ˡ
Ҳһ, , üЩ, һƱ֪á
, μáӽ˾䣬˰ưˮ, ߣӣŸ̨Եϴ

ֿһźĵԺ˵ɡ
˸رãǲҪ̫, ɶ˵ɶҸǽŶͷʮ, õĹˡ⻰, μҲ˵̸ֹѸ쳹ʮ¼
ʮоŸ˵, ˵ֹѸ׺Ұ
ƫġ
ּҸɻ, ֹѸദµĽǶҲһԸ޵ĹŮأõĶң˵޳ȥŮóȥˮ, һ˼ҲŲΪ޵ĹŮķ
ɼţĵĺá

ι˻Ҿּ񡣡ֶңΣϹ»ǼС
ֶҡ
֪û˵ֿϸϸؽҪ˱顣
ι˻šԸٶʶֶ, ֻСá
ԥֿΪԸ⣬ֺǺǵؽӻû£ѰƾС
ֶҲǵġι˻еżֻСڵ£ָǳʲô

仰ĹѾϴ÷Ž˳̨ҲĸɸɾĨϴø̨šңôһ¶
ԭˣĸҹӸƼˣ·ֿĽ˸ߣָ÷ʲôء
ȴ˵⸻ҹӣǳģѰ˺Щ죬ҺӼַ֪أμҼкøУСɣССͱͯ¿˳ɾˡ
ʶŶ˽ѣ˺Ӽ

ּͬ£һΪײؼҪǮҲ˵ֶҵ¼£ӦûȽϿ׵
룬ι˻۵ּңϾּҲûʲôɽ

ӽǰֿЦˡֻҪռŸ֣ұû¹ڵ£Ĳ˵ҵͷҶǻỤסġ˶٣˾䡣ҵ£˽˳֪ӣᷢʲô˭Ҳ˵
⡭μСɻû뵽硣
ϸϸĿڡ磬糿ҹȥ
ǰŴְɣǮƳ±ζ֮ģЩءֺǺǵ˵иҪ뿪һҲԵǰֵģܹ鲻һӡ
ι˻ֶңֿЦŵ˵ͷ

ô˵ˣﻹиصĸףμִҴææĻ˼ҡ

ԹӰѳʰ޺òߡ
ֿĸҪõ±ζһջһʳ±
ڼμСɻ˵˵
öˣ
ԡ̵ֿ˵μá
Ҹššüͷûʲô
֪ܲϻ˵ףѩ̿šֿμСֻǱɣȻЩգûǿԳеס
һĸʶ֡
ҪףʶΪ⣬Ϊſ¶ҰμСϸϸ˵˵֪ҪộҸѧ죬оãǾͼò̫׵ҲԩǮͷ˵
áˡ

±ζˣʣһ찡Уɽůı
ֿЩۣһմͷ˯ˡ

ֵϵӶţ̼֣ι˻ּ߽±ζ
ǸոտţҲˣֿ⣬ҸŴ֡
ˣԱϾͺáֿ̧ͷк˾䡣
±ζĹμãЦŴȤƹݣùֺãҲټš
ֶӻǸţѾͯˡ
Ӵ˵ţžͲһһǸġ
˵䣬ϸ±ζ뿪

˸Ҹ˵ȥڵϤϤ
á
Ҹι˻˺Ժ
ֿ˹̨ڣ߶߶˵顣

ʶֵˣԹ϶Ҫ鷺Щһ̱֣æһ죬ֿ㲻ƣۡ
ŽССһ㶼Ǯֵ
ſջҸЦŵ˸Ҷ飬Ҳͦ˼ѧ˺ü֣ҳŲ̫ѣһҽ㣿
̣һͽҡ

ת۽ʮ£ҸŹ˸˴µ飬ʶ˲֣ҲŤŤдرǵƤͯűīƵġ
ֿǰοŶӣżѾܰˣǰʶأڲʶֻдǳ˵㣬ͺ
˶ڿģҸǳȵӣʶֶˡ

Ҹһ˼Ŷʶ֣ûסС˾䣺Ѿʮ£ҪɽȥԻ±ζʳģ͵ÿʼ׼ţҪȻһѩ·ɽȥˡ
ҸҪ¾Ȼˣ

ȥүңţЩճƷʹɽתתƣٳЩѩͽȥɽˡ
УȥɣҺ͹˸˵⼸ձ顣

֪ٶҪ˸ȥ̽˵㳭Ļûؼҳͬʱܹ˿ĸס
ڴ󶫽˸ֻȥͳɣ˳ȥּӡ
ӻ̵Ĺϰ֪ӣӣʱ˺˹ȥʡƹıߵݰ
֪ӴֺǺǵĻ˾䣬ȴᵽɤۣϰö˶˵¸ʲô
㣬СּСǲǡ
δ֮⣬װסҵ£֪ϰ尡ʲô֪ģֱֶȥҿɲҽˡ

ӽּҺԺɻֿ˵׮£ʺϰûй˵
ֿҡҡͷ·ϵЩ
Ӧţü˲㵭ֳˡ
Ҫǹ˸ܿžͺˣСӣüųأͷֵǮСطеġ䡣

ţϣŶ˳ĸף԰Ҳûˡ
սԺ˰ӵĻΪ˵ҸʱЦüֺۣǵĺܡҸŶأܿˣñһء

ֿŶŮܸˣϽӭȥסװֵ⺢˯ÿ㡣
ö֣ţֳ֣ŴϾУϰˣ֡ž˵Żȴơ
ɷ˵˸СڵŸɻСĸ绹Ǹţ˸ͯڽҸʶ֣Сﳤرãÿġ
֪һƼţǺÿϵ˷䣬ãСܵǶõġ




77.  77   ̫ÿզͲˡ

ֿź˯᷿ȥ, ﷺشƨƨߵĸ˹ȥ

ŶŮѹ͵ɤֿͷҲû̧ʡɶӣ
Ժ, ǹﰡô

ͷ, ĿƵĶĸס
ͦõһС, ɻ, ࡣ
˰ѣеż˵أ
ֿۡɶأ˵ɶֱ˵, ҹӡ
ҸĻ°զôأҲѹҸ۳ҪʮˣûƵġ
أֿǷӦˣʱɫ, ҹµģɱʲô۶ӣ¶, ໥˼, ҲͰˣûͷ, Ҹҿɲ㡣

զͻȻ, ﷸֺõĵģģҾǺѶ, ͦõһСָƤӵ´أմţʲôһ, ҸҲСˣŸõģǧĪ˵绹ǸرĶš

˵ҲףԱ߿ţûɶôŰɣҸҲϴСˣԼСܲľͷƵģʲôͺ˵˵
żҸûϣ֪ɣҲȸǰ˵˵̽̽ô˼Ե˵ѵѣҾһֱܿϣ
õСﰡҲ߯ˮЩ˼ҿŶϲҸû뷨أûϣ

ֿššüͷеᡣ
ʵί㣬ŲԾ͸Ͻ˻ôͲѣҲ
ҲУҸɡ
˿ܵ
ÿûܵ

ˣҸǰ
ҵҲĺӣһӶǡ˵ţԸ̵Ц

Ҹţնա
ʱ֪֪£Ͳӻؼң׼ס졣
ô죿ÿͰ͵˾䡣
ȻǻؼסļѼҹøϽ
ҹ䣬Ǳءһ˯ûȺ
ۣĸ׵أ˵⻰Ҳûšո𣬻Ⱥ˯
ӻ᲻ϰ˰ɡ
⵱ڣʲôϰߣˣǵøЩϴѡϸϸض˼䣬ɷƲֵ֣㲻֪˵Ӧ¼顣
ЦЦúǻϲԶԶԣϱȼȥˡ
ȥȥɣϽؼң˴ҺͶӵĻϴѡ
֪ϱİɣ

ﱧŶҲջֿ±ʳģ˵ҪȻһЪţĴӣױ̻ѬţŶĺӣء
עأ£Ҳ˵أ治ˣֿ֡
⺢ÿǲڡ
µͷôģб޶ŶͷµظɻأҲĻ
ֿ˵Ҳȥˡ

ҲǲǾʹԸһæ
Ҳû¡
ˡ⻹أһ˵޵ʲôʱֵ𿴵꣬Ҹ£ӸţҴ֡
Ӱǿˡ˵ţֿЦ
¡˶٣˾䡣Ҹ˵ģ𲻷ϣ㲻ˣɱӲţʲô£ô죿Ҹأö롣
ֿͷСе㲻ͷʵ۽üȫЦ

һûһţܿ죬һŨ±㡣
±ζ󣬻ӵʣֵ˻ṦʰʰЩ飬㵽˿˯ʱ
һĶʱ˯أ
ɡ
࣬ҲסֹšǸҸʶ֣ȫԽᣬס
ֿǰ滹˵ҸͲСˡ
׹ףû˵ʮʮû׵ģԸëǼ̫Ҹãôûף˼ָô룬ʱվˣ֪ôʲô
ⵣҲûִֿοǹŴҺ˵˵̽̽뷨
úú˵˵֪Թɶզͻûأ˹ˡ

벻ף벻Ͳ룬űӺܿ˯ˡ
ֿڴϣе˯š
ǸøҸ˵˵ˡ

ʮ³ߵ磬Ҹ˼ңͬʱһţʳģţ˹·ûţ
緹ûҸ棿ֿƣеۡ
档
ãҸֿأʲô棿
ҳͺãҸ˵üء
ӸֱߵĻҰ֡Ž˳
ٶңţϵĶǲҪ䣿˾䣬ǸлСرڿ졣
̫أȻԼǰӡ
Ŷá

ܻ֧ܵ˹ת۾ͼ治æ
ûʲô£ٶǰӡ
ɣҽݿк󡣡Ѱ˼Ž˺Ժܵܺ˵Ҳ˼ţݿ۶ӣ˯ãųˡ
ֿˡ
ֱڳԾͺá˵ŻҸ˳
ȳţ¡

Ƕˣ˶һ棬ͷ
ԡֿϽ¿ˮݵϡ
̻±

ܻܵˣŶӰɷ˼
±ζĹҸĸ˵ͷ⼸졣
ɣ
ҸͷȴЦúܲáҾúֵȻƫƧɽҲ˲ټʶҺʹѰ˼ţûʱ䣬ٳȥһˣʮѮƻѩҪɽ͵õ꿪̫ˡ
ȥȥͷܷġֿЦü۴顣׼ʲôʱ䣬⽴ɸǴţܴأõĻ󼸸Щӡ
ĸϸϸҸůˡ

ĸ˵˵ţֿ̾˾䡣Ҫˣ꣬ɾͶʮˣܾӰԽԽˣһһꡣᣬֻ㱡
֪һˡ
˵ʡùҸЩġǰܾǰҪѰЩ˵˵ȥһǮ֡

ûĻ£
ʵôֱӣ롣ģûŶѡ
Ҹʲôģ⻰ֿʹü顣
Ҹ𡣡μСĲС

̫áҸһ¶ššüͷ
ǣö˶˵˵ʲôֿеҡҸˣûôʡ
Ҹû̫ĸ⻰ֺеס˵Ҽ£Ҳ룬˵
ֿ־ᡣ̫ÿզͲˣ
¶
㻤ס
ҸʵӦסسǣҲƶɽ壬ȴͷһؼμСǰòĹ֪жж㡣
ǸɶӴֿ֪Ҫզ˵ˡ




78.  78   浽ģ

ڼҴû, Ҹ׼ɽȥ
ֿǰͶŮ˵ס졣

磬Ŵţּǰ, ŵﺰ³ϵ䡣źŲ֡
ӵӦС˳
źӽ˵, أѹҲǰæ
Ҹû, ˵Ǻܿ

æ, ǰ档˯ŵĺӷŽ˵, ֵºӾС
ȣ
ӹ£վ˹̨ǰкŹ
˿ͷŰ轴

ֿһȳζصˮʯ˺Ժи, ¡ˣ
ţ˯ء
ûѰɣֿ˵, , ׼᷿ȥ
һֱأûʲô
ֿ, ֵ˯ú, ţ鲻ԽĿȺ


ȥŵ㺢ӣӡ
Ӧšû, ˯أ˼Ѽġ
һɱֻ, ϳԡ
ɱûʲô¡ߣӡ

صĴ󹫼ʱζرŨζһӳԵ㡣
ֿЩɽؼҳԡ
ѼɱˡóԵδȻ֪ѼѼøĸȷѡ
ųԣųԣųԣ
¿ˮѼɡ
ѼҲûԹưư졣
ѼѼ
Ӻ˵ֿ˻ü۵Цڶڲס

ؼҵ·ϣ̵صû˵ɣּ˺أƹּҸɻǵ˸
տáϸϸ˵Ż¶ǳǳЦҲº͡
Ҹ˵ҲҲڶƹõĹˡ˵ѵĻּ¶࣬ҪлЩûʲôڿ㣬ҿȻá
ͷ˵öԡ

ڶ峿ϸꡣ
ֿɵ죬ü죬ɽ·ߣɽͷҪ䲻ٰɣ
϶ġӦţο˾䡣Ҹأ˺Լġ

죬ֵ٣Լ壬ּ±ζ˵̶ࡣ
ֿ棬˵ŻСһҲ֪ػûЦЦر
⺢ӿԡ
ôĺܡ˵üҶЦпֵʱʡġ

ϰЦ߽ƹأ
԰
ùֺá
˸ӸԺ˱ˮϰȲ衣
ƹѵõаɡϰ٩˾䡣죬㲻á
׼ػʲô£ֿһûһӦš

˵˻ӻϰȻʵƹҸ˵ûŵʮ˰ɣ
ƹǣߣֿЦʡ
ǻû˵ˣϰˡּõǣߣв̽
ֿҡҡͷһࡣûС
⡭ϰò׼ʲô뷨˸

ߺ󣬴Сʡʲôһͷˮ
ֿ֪治֪ͷڸмͣûʲô°ɣ
ûУͦõġ

ֿΪʲô£㹻׼
һֱµһѩʱӶ̫ƽ
˶ͷûʲô£ŴţӱŮ
ҲкЩûˣġ

ֿŴŮǸˣҸŵ˽˺Ժ
ӹôֲ֣Ժ˯أϸϸţ´ŮִŮž񶼲
ءĸĻۿЩ΢΢ȡǣЩûͦġ
ֿЦûʲô£ҪȻס죿ˣԹ緹ȥռãѰ㶼ûѹɣԻӺ󡣡
òţⶼˣİɣԸء֪ûʱʱʱѰ
ȥֲʲôҲѰ
⻰͵ȥǲĶ
ܳ˯أǱȽϧֿ˵ԸЦЩ̿
ǸþЩСëС֪ҩóĸʱ߶Ļ˵ţԸûҪĸȴúбҪ
ţìܡ

ӵ׻ûס£Ų¼أȴ
浽رѺ;˾ˣ֪ʱ˵ֿ˻ǲõЦ
ҸĸʶʱֿҲ浽ѧѧ

ס˺ü죬ɽǻؼʱ浽Щ᲻ã⺢ӣʣԶʶ£ģԹ϶Ҳ⣬ã̶̼ϵ˲֡
¶㲻ؼңҲر롣
סɡֿ״˾䡣
ɽǸرʵĺӣŮ̫ؼңĸֿ˿Ҳͬˡ

ɲ̫ţǰûּңڼò̫ã˼ңѼһסС£̫á߶߶˰Ÿɻأɼжæ
ٹɣҽӻɽ˵˾䡣浽Ҹʶ֣ҳţǹŮʶ֣ҲǺ£ѵõĻᡣ
üͷʡᵢҸɣҸʶǹרѧģôأ
Ӧûе飬Ҹÿʶ֣浽Ǹѧ㡣
֪ôģĸҸ޻£զЩ˵ĵˡ벻ס
ɽҲ벻סҪɡ

浽ʱҸŮһѧ־
ι˻ֳģҪ˺ܶࡣ
ӿʱһ浽ģԲ۾Щ͡鰡͸ŨŨī㡣
˾͵ġ
öǮţеżզͽأµĴŮؿ治¡
浽ı顣˾ҵġ
㰡

ɽʱϱ߶¡֪öǮţ˵վˡ
ȻҸ͵ģúŰɡ˶٣ɽ˾䡣ЩѼɶҪǮеģʱʱľЩȥ
ãץֻȥ˵Щߣ͵ȥ
С

ɵǣﱦȫҲ˵¡ûˣ򣬼ʲôҪðû
ȫء໨üЦӦţǰҸŹˡôЩȥҲЩ´ʳأ򡣡
šﱦȫӦšĻ£Ҳ˵˵ȥص㣬˵лüĿҲһ
Ǹø˵




79.  79Ѿ   ˵ҵһѾС

ﱦȫŵʱûѩ, ߵտʼƮССѩ
ϵŵӣӭѩͷǰ󲽼ߡ
ԶԶس, Ӱر, ̽ź˾䡣
ﱦȫΪԼ, ͷһ, ȻǴŮ¶Ц

Ҳ·, ֻǿ˫֣Ҫʡ١
ȥùüң
ǰ
ô죬ôû׸ţţ˵ŻĹ, ȻĽ˼ϵĵԼϿ
ﱦȫæãͺãҲۡ
˵֡үðɣ

ͦõ, ռõ, ÿµճҩ, ӹǼ˲, Զټˡ
÷ѲǮɣ
˵ﱦȫһָˡǰ͵͵Ӧš
±ζرãǮԹ˵ʲôﰵԼ, Ͻο˾䡣
Ҳô˵ȴôﱦȫšüͷǮ
Ѫ֮䲻ôֲǱʲô, úүүβүϸţͷ˵ĺܣʲôģòôƽϡ

߱˵ת۾ͽӡ
ѩ죬ҲЩֵ˼֡
ﱦȫֱȥ±ζſʱǡй±ζŹӵֿһ۾Ϳվǰĸ磬û˵ЦкԺߡ

ѩأôû׸ţֿڵز裬񡣡ҵˮϴɡ
ŵʱûѩﱦȫӦţҡͷæģúʵϵްӻǴ͵ģͷůء
ֿĲ˺ʳǰ촺Ҳ˰׹Ե㹻ġ
ճɲʳҲ
أճΣ
ͦõģŹȥѹ˵ϸչţ궬ܹȥ˴Էŵǽ߶߶
߶߶˵żҳʶֵҸ˵ҲǵĻġ

һӣЩš
ŵ⣬ֲ⡣
ţӻ̵Ĺϰˡһˣ㶫أ
ں档
ˣϰԼԺ˵мˡ
ͷûп

һ쵽ܵŸԴӻ᲻ۣϰʡ
첽߽˹̨ڣ컹û˵
᲻¿
ᣡ
ϰЦӴ˵еˣô磿һܿţ

ƹ񡣡
μСɡϰֺǺǵЦһź
ι˻ؿ
ʱһλϸվſ˵Ϲ˰㲻Լҵĵּ꣬ǸʲôҲ
ˡϰӦţӡ
ݺݵ˿̧ͷ۸硣

˵ʲôι˻ʡ
ûʲô²¿
ι˻õķĿƵĿģ궨ῼš
Ÿ磡
ͱˡ
ҡҡͷּҺܺã˺óԵúûֲۣǮҲʣŵڶ
ҿţ㲻ͣ㲻óɻҲУǮ˺ü˺õС

ˣкš
ι˻Ա߰Ǯ
ףƹֹ͸Сӣðɣÿ񡣡
٣Ź˿ЦЦû±ζҲˡ

ֳֿ˵˺һӻǰֻڣҸ˵ȥǰ档
˸Ҳڡ
ҡ
ϸ˵ι˻Ǽһ䶫ңֿͦ˼

˶ֿЩһܼ򵥾ͼ򵥵ޡ
ȴֳͬѵùûʱҸӣ֡
緹ܷʢĻˡ

Թ緹ﱦȫҪߣѩأļ
£ûиһߣҸȥˣι˻Ը
ûʲô⣬ֿ̿ǰһûһлڳɻŻȺĺܡ

ʱ䣬ƺúͬʱ־ôĹһȥ
˵ӵʣʵҲûิӣҸѧԻЩ
ֿʵ£Ա߿š

ͷѩҹȫѩĺ磬졣
յ͵ƣɲ̫
˽˵˻˼ң꿪ޡ
ĸģҸͷܵö࣬ʮ綼Ϥ
ֿӦšżңסϱߵżңĳӣ꣬ǸرܳԿĺӣͿţ»ܵãڼҶ飬˵Ҳ

Ҹĸײ̲е¡ﲻ̫ˣ
̸ϰɡֿе˽ϣԼˣܹ˳뷨ʱ̫Զˡҿ뵽޹ȥӣƺûּǰĴӲࡣ
Ҹ֪˵ʲôãĬ¡ȥ̽̽
ˡֿ֡ڶˡ

ĸ˵òţҸŴ̽̽
Ҳûʱˣʹ˸˵ͬ
żңι˻ʶǲǽź£ʮ̫꣬Щݡ
Ҹ֪ЩʶĹżңһͬ
ԡ¹٣ҲЩ
Ӧþˣô
ι˻֪ΪʲôЩʵش˾䡣Ҿãûʲôϣ

˸ߴ̽ЩҸȥͷȦֵܶʡ
ʱ˵ż˸ŮĴŮʮꡣ
ɶֿԲ۾ûɣ˾˵ĴŮͽﵱѾţÿ»Ǯ
ǩɷѾżҵĹŮ

ö˶˵ģûû˻ŮʲôֿеᡣżҾô
˵ǿԷֹ˸ˣ˺üˡҸ˵ţֵˣҴӸͬ꣬ʮ˵ŮҲû취ϴҪײϣ϶ҪҲûǮ˸ӣŮŪ˽ҡ
⡭˵ǲܣˣֿĻסּɩҲǣżҲЩⶼʲôʲô

һ磬ֿ߲ǴҴææĻңҸҲţæŵӡ
໨ŴãЩ⡣զʱˣ£
Ȼ£Ҫ£ֿ˲ϺȲ裬žİҸĶ˴ɩ
ԭΪ£໨Цˡðסû˵ңڽҵѾǵأйңҵıױҸżңżҴѾѡУҲΪƽʱŶʶ˼֣Թ϶ƤŸˡ
Ըģ
԰໨ͷѾͷ˵ÿֻһļʣµԸţż˵ġ
ɣɱϾǩɲ
ɶ˵úãһнأ˵ҵһѾа˰һ£ɫͶ塣




80.  80   ԼҴȽ

ֿĸо, ʹɩǼͬѼϨ˼˼˵Ҳ˵һ
ֱʵעҪ޽żң

㲻ϲżң໨ګګ, ǲסһȦ, Ҿżʵġż϶Ǹ, ָܿϹ, ˵䲻ģû, ѧأóǮ·żҴŮڽҵѾߣʮ˷ųʹ, ȴҲв˼ҪƸأĺܣ

ֿصżϴйϵϼ϶ѧʣ, ҸʡǮ, ҲܰżϴңżҴŮܼ޸˼ңǼ޽˼, Ϊ˼ҵϱ, ׮ã˳Ҳ䲻żϴϡ
㲻ôԵĿӰôͿأɩ޵żϴ, ܶż˸ʲôû޽żңżҴϱҪٵʲô

⡭໨ˡ
ﱦȫɩһֱû, ˸̿ݣ̿˲̿ů͵ĺܡ
ǡϱֿãܾеŹ֡˵ɶأ
໨ɷĹǣһסĸ첲ãò޽żҡšüͷּֽЩ

ȷʵ̫⡣ֱֿԲ䡣վҵĹŮҪôŻǵĸ˵㣬ֻ˵˵ҵ뷨ż϶Ҫ飬Ůֽ˸ѾߣʣµСŮܸʲô޽ȥҪ޼ﻹðæҪû˵
룬˼䡣֪Ǯ˵ٺҲǲסһʵżҴŮҵѾߣĵȷȷΪȱǮż϶Ҫõ飿ҪǮûҪģҲСˣҲóȢϱǮСŮʲô취ʲô취룿żҽĶµȫǵ˲ܵġ

໨Сֹ˾䡣żҴŮ˵ˣÿ¸һģ˵ĺãиɫͻһᣬһѾͷа˰أ
ɩҲ˵ˣżҴŮǮһ£ֻһǮø㣬˴Ѿͷ˸ɫܸͣټֿôɩЩ档Щ˵˵̫ʣִҪúã͵ûͽǮύҪڹŴլԺ쿪ҲǲĵԽߵõԽҪĻҲԽ-

һֻģָ©һ㣬һҲвǮš໨ſɷ򡣡˵ż϶׼¿ܿţСطҲǼгϢˡڵżǿŲ̫ãҲܼ޽ȥż϶ţżҴŮڽ˵ȣĻš

ֿۡɩ˵Щǿ϶ʵֵ㹻İջż㹻İգһ˵ЩûУżֻԽԽѣ޹ȥѣż϶ҪȢϱҪ飬ǮżҴŮһģȥʣһĹż϶һ»żϴ겻Сˣ׿϶кӣʱòͣĸɻ꺢ɵøɻ˵䲻ģȥǸżҵţ˵ô࣬ôãиƨĹϵ
ģʹ໨ػ˾䡣īֽһһĲ࣬żҴŮһľǸż϶á

ֿҲϵһɾ󾢶˭ˡǣаɡ
áһֱĬû˵ﱦȫ˾䣬ʵĺӣšüᡣ㣬ϸϸ˵˵żҰɣ޹ȥڼﻹ𣿡

ᣡֿԥĵͷǰʲôӣǶҲ֪Щֻȴӹøѡż϶ţżҴŮ˵ȣ˴ѾߣֻҪżûзּңżϴӰĺӣøΪѡ˶٣˵˼㡣ż϶ź󣬲µظɻȢϱҲµظɻĺͬᣬԽ￪ֻԽ࣬⿿һţһӣǾÿ𣿿ź󣬾ͻܿоˣ¶ҪǮû

໨šſۺ͸˰أʡǮš
ܱȵÿ껨ǮÿÑ٣ЩżԼǮżҴŮÿһֻż϶ÿ»ᣬֿѾûʲôĺʹɩ˵Ҹ飬ż϶ͬѾͯż϶ͯ𣿹˸ȫÿԸż϶Ǯ𣿾û¿˶飬⿿īˮҲǮǮ𣿡
Ҳ֪ľﱦȫڵ˻飬ȥ׮顣

⣬⡭໨ˡ˵ȥҪҪˣҸ˼ҿɾˣҪ˵ڣҲеģ˴˵ô࣬ȫˣɣɻڶˣô죿
ֿ̾Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôá

ﱦȫĻءҲžң겻ܰʵģҲؿ
ԼҴȽ壬ֿĥſ˵ҪȻ˻ʱ˼ңҰæʡһ㣬Ҹͷܵö࣬Ҳעע⣬˵Ҿжã˿ڼ򵥵Ҳ޷ӺùС

˿ڼ򵥲ɲɡ໨ҡͷֵָܴ֣˳ӹǲţ޵Ůܰŵҡ
ֿʹɩ˵ܵĵͷٿɡŲ˼ңʱʹ˵

˵£ֿ緹ûгԣʹҴææˡ
ֻҸڣõʱ򣬱ûʲô뷨Ҳ½ַſЦʲôġ
ߵʱ򣬰һˣﱦȫģ׼ȥż˻飬ҶУڼҲţȥϴͦʡ

ʲô֪Ϊùõæȥæŵ˵˺þõĻ
ãʵֱӸͳɣҵ϶ȥġЦЦ˵ŻǸܻĹ
ֿϵЦ´ģ̲סָ˸ķ
ǹңҲҸЦЦ޾ͿޣѾ߳ӣ߽ܿӡ
ڵúõİùðɡ
ð⣬̵Ӧš˳ĽˣҪһ
ֿˬʵЦҲЦգҲˣҸһóԵģǽ
ãǧһԲ϶ˣ˸ͷأرˡ
ҿҲ˵ͷֿۡţҼŮ׾أÿ١
ߵõͷⶼˡ




81.  81˻   ֿҳɹ˻顭

ֿؼҺ, ֻҸڣ˾䡣أ
ںԺ
˵СŴӺԺˡֺͨͨ, ȻǱ, ˮ⡣
ڸʲôأֿЩ֡
Щ˼ٶһغԺ, Ҽݵò, Щг˿
ɵӣûˮֿЦ˵˾, ֶֽܵŮҲæ൱Ӧлġ

ȥǰ, Ҹ˺Ժ
˵ˣ
ֿʰ˵˾˵ȥżһˣ̸̸˻, ˵, Ժ˵˵
ҪҪȥҸкõװһɾֽŸľͰൽǽš
ȥһʡֿЩԥ, ¸㲻, ҲԿ۸ȥҰɣ˵˼Уһȥ, еĻҲҵš
ãҳԹ緹ȥ

Ҹûãι˻, ҸϿΡ
ǸӸҸ¡ֿ˵Ż˾䡣˸סڹµͬǸʲô飿
ûôӴر˽⡣
ֿҲûָʳЩʲôЦЦ˸æĻԽҸ֣һͻˣŵ̿ҲûϨ

ι˻ǸӣּȷʵȴڼӦͬķ棿ûʲô̸˵д£ΪͲͨҲһ³ԣ˵򲻹
˵¿
ȷʵˣӱͬ⣬ȴִ¿ײײǽ˵ܿ͸Щʶľ
л˸
ι˻ЦеѵõļۡҲף£ұˡ
ȥɡ

ȥż˻£ﱦȫûףֳܱҪȻϱӽ겻
Ҫȥ
ȥﱦȫ׼꺵̾ȥٳ̣ʵһľסó鼸̸һ

໨˽̶ˣĻųʲôҪ˵޸гӣĸϱµôģܸɣѵȥ
㣡ﱦȫˣǺ˿̣˺üҸ˵ó޵ĹŮļ˳԰Ѽҳ
໨˳ͻءҲҸ˿ڼ򵥵ũָ޺ļҲ˳žİԼԹĿͷɲԸӸٳһأҲǴϢˣȥ
ﱦȫĻˣڴڵĳź̳Ĭû˵

ܼƣ·˲٣̿յҲȺ
໨ס۲˵ˣȥ
ųţͿҸţû˵ЦҸ
û˳ʱҸԼҺӣݰҲһ

໨֣ȺĺܣʱЦˡҼҸӹǾǺá˵ţֳﺰҸˡ

꺵̵ﱦȫ˳˳̸ְ˹Һá
˾ˡ
šͻﱦȫĹԡ
ҸԾҲûϸ룬ֻҹʣҪҪһȥżҡ
ȥżҸʲô˳ګˡ
Ҳ˹

ԭﱦȫӻû˵£ֻϸ׽˽ϸϸصõ뷨
ͷֱͷͬ˻¡
ǸۺӵģҲùŮҲգԼҺۡ

˾˻û߱ǣ
ﱦȫҡҡͷ
Щżʲô£ڵġ
ǣҺ͵ܵҲǴˣǺӣ²˳ĳ
Ҹӻ˵ɡ

һ˳ըˡ
޹ȥ
ԣܼޣ ھȥżңˡ
ӷӦôңﱦȫȴЩοҲЦãھȥûҲ̤ʵˡ

˳Ҹﱦȫӭĺȥ
紵ģһȴȺĺܡ
ﱦȫ룬ǸûϢĸףǮúӹ̹ӣܹźӵþȫš

Ҹ̤ҹɫңصʱѾ
ֿ±£æˣСţϴˮ˸ûҳָ㣬һСʱˣ˱飬ʲôţԸģдÿá
ǵýǧģô˵ġ

ǧİɡҸϴ˳Сϵķˣ˻ԣȺڵ̹
ֿװäװģӴҼҸͿԿʼѧڶˣ
û£˸ȿѧ˼Ҳʶ˲֣ܿƤëԼţͷʱ͸סҸǰӣι˻ûãҲûãֱ˵Ըء
üЦĵҲǺ˲ˣҸ

ˣ˽ˡֿ˵Ż׮¸Ͻ˵иõ飬լӣҲԵĲһûʱ䣬ǮĻôҲô
Ҹʡû
ûأûڣõ˱˵Ѿ߹
ʲô
ҲͬգҲĵһȴûʲôϵɫɹ۽֮ġ
Ҹеӡ󡣡û£׮Ҳͦá
Уȥң
á

ֿ˻أѰ˸ɰ֧ˡȥżҵ£ôˣ
տʼԸ⣬˼䣬ͬˡҸ赭дͷܻʲô˾ñʱؼң;ˣͱ˵˵¡
˻УȥˣֻҪû̫֡ϸ˵ȷʵû취ģֻԽԽÿֿĥֵ⣬Ҳ⡣
Ҹ֪ĸ׵˼Ӧ¡

ľù֣ûʡвľأզȥáãĲģ
ЩģЩùģҸæʱҲȥܱ߼Щ񡣡
ﲻæʱȥľ룬Ǯš
ֿЦӦá

ҸԹҲĸ׺ͱʰԸϴꡣ
Ҹڿ졣̾˾䣬ʶãæãҸĵáûļҵ޸ƵģܸгϢر¡
ֿͶҲҸرر׵Сô
ɵˡ
ֿü۴ĿķҼҲǸܺõĹأ
ã˵ˡΪùò֪ͷЦúɬ
żҳô
̫⣬еãȻ˻˵̫ߣеݣеڡȻЦҾ˵еƵС˵һӴ򲻳ƨ
⺢ӡֿҳɹ˻顣СﻹǸɵء






82.  82   İɣ

ﱦȫ໨, ʱҸСѾ߳š
ֿЦкŴɩԺȥﻹй˿, ǰæš

˵˻ӻ, ҳ̵˼, ֿ˽, ôɩúõ˵˵
Ϊؼҵģͦеʧ, ڹùüҺܺ棬Щ᲻ôȥء
ؼҲãסڹùüҲ񻰡

໨Ȼ˻²̫ͬ⡣񣬻Ҳ, Ҳֻܽܡ
ȥżң¸ˡ
Բ۾Щ, طӦ

żҲǸ׵˼ҡ໨ô, Ҳ֪żҿгϢֻżгϢ, żϴմŶٹ, ˵˾ϺÿʵӻǸġ޹ȥ뱲Ӿݽ˻֭
ǰ˵ͦõګګʡ
żϴҲر⣬˵, żκãżϴӾ͸һһӴ򲻳ƨǸܹӵĺ, ţҲаɡ

ﱦȫ˵ñȫϸϸؽ˵ĻһһʮĸŮ
Ҳ˵һӲ˵
໨Աʱʱ䡣
ˡ˵أҽæػҡ˵ţ£ɨŵǣҽûؼңڹסһӣ
ԡﱦȫͷ

໨ŸûƵŮҲګˣ̲ס˾䡣еˣ
õرãдԼأ˳úÿᣬҳϲġе˷ܣе㼤ϱ̹ʶ֣ԱҲһٺٵЦӶǣܲ˼ܼǲס

ɵϹأ֪֪˻˻˵ģôҺ÷ҡ໨ˣ⺢˭զôûصء
˻飬Ƕ°ʹ
ﱦȫ⻰ššü塣ںǰ˵Щʲô˵Ҳ˵ˣҸͷ߶⡣
ҸԼûأ໨ͲþôöҸģ۳ҪʮˣӰӶûУҲûţҪھͺˣ϶Ҹô顣

̵Цѹֹ˵ҪҸ׶µСðɣҪЩɱҸҸæĺܣҪʶҪ£ôгϢд£²õ
Ҹֳˣ໨ʡڼңó˵ˡҸԽгϢˡοЦĸװĴ顣˳Ҹһ£ҲͲˡ

֪㡣˵ҽ׮⣬ֵæһ󣬵ʱӦûẰ˳д򡣡
ɶլӶ԰ɣ໨һֱû̫Ūף㲻ЩǮ˵뷨϶ĲլӣɶӺòõģ˼Ҿ߰ڽȥͳˡ
ͷ
໨һ¾͸ˡϻֵܸҸ˲Ǯţ˲֪á
һ߶߶пġ

ǰòæ꣬ûˣֿ̿ǰС̺ӸϣܸůЩ
ϰ˫ֲλƵ˽ƹ񰡣ҳţһȥͦ塣
ƹһ쵽ϲҵܣǲմ𣿡
û뵽ƹˡϰֺǺǵЦǳ̫壬ּⲻˡ
ֿкšƹҪ±±ǽַһ׼ͷɱ£Сûɶ󡣡
ƹ£Цƹţһ±ɡ

ŹƹӴҴææ˽վſڵֿˬЦҸ
ӡ
ֿȸͷĻȥǰ濴ŵӣӽ˳

䡣ӶڵĲֹ˾䣬Լ˵пˣСš
Ҵɩء
ЦЦ˸Ǯ׮£㡣ȰǮͳʮǮϸܵǮ
ֿûпǮǮõõġɶ¶

۴ĶϢɣûȥ֪˲࣬ҼҳԲô࣬㡣Ķ˨ӼҵģһĶǹ˵㣬ϵȵڴܱҲԶһƬȥˮԴأŸɺҲóһֻҪʮһӡ
ֿ̫£ʡӼܳ¶٣
ҼҴֻĶ
ɣҸ
еżҸɶǶõ£һ͵ûȥأҪץġ

ɶץץ໨ڸ˵㻰´ӳԿϽ򡣡һĶ˺üأܱߵҲֻһĶôҲǹӡ
ﱦȫô¡
ǶɶžĵڴܱߣˮԴһƬȥʡء
ҼҴסֲҪֵعӣҪЩʡ໨ʡӣÿĶö໨üţ˵ɱ𷸺ͿܱߵҲôۣƽմԶúܣҪôǮ

ǰӵӺ˺ԺĶ
ŶҺãסȥһ򡣡
ȡá

ֻҪʮÿĶӡӵǻץص㡣ҸҲڲ㣬ĶֵҪԸ⣬ҸһͷѰҪġ
໨˸ۡǮܱ򣬽ҪҲ֣ýԸŵ
ܱҲõУΪ򣿡Ӳ˻ȥ

һ䣬ˡңܱߵأҵ֪۸һһĶɢϸ»أŵһ㣬ܱߵһû򣬶ڴ˼ء
ǵҸɡֿԿۡ

䣬Ҹͽݣųˣ£Űˡ
ȿڣѻһٶ˵
໨Ҳ󣬵˵꣬Ľӻ
˵˵ֿ䲻뵽⻰ûסЦ˳

˨ӼҵҸʡ
԰ҸҲ֪ģأ
Ҹĥ¡ôŰɣشȥ˨Ӽҿ۸ȷʵ˵㣬ʮĻҲֵ

˵߾ߣʱҲˣøϽȥϽء
ﱦȫ໨ҲҪؼˣҸֱӺţһ;˾˾ȥһƽմȥ
ҸɵýۣܷͿ˵еǮǮҲִܴŵĻ໨ģ֣һٶš
ҸţĻ˾䡣İɣ




83.  83¶   Ҳ֪ء

ڵ, ҪʱѼҹɫв˼ҿʼƮɵ, ·ҹɫЩ
ֿӽη, ǰš
û, ±ζŵɽͽùˡ

ҳư︯, Ҫ̫ࡣ˵, ϲ̵Ժ塣ԶζˣǲͷŹһŨĺζ, ʲô
ֿЦ飬ҸûģŵĽص, , ־ûǸպãɽأ
Ҫ±, û, ˰ռȥ˰ɡ
ȵȡֿæ˵š
ò֪ĸҪɶܻǰ棬ҪӵĴס

ɽֽõĸ
ֿһغװ, ݸ˴Ů
ɽҲûʣӹӾߡ
ռȥúʡ
ԣƽ鷳, ҲӺãһ²ϸġ
ÿ¶ȥҵ򣬺ͬĵͷĴĴ򡣡

ɽʱŰҩġ˵Щҩܺá
ţ۾һ¾ˣԿĽӵץֻ
Ҳץһֻɽ񺩺Цһ
˶࣬һֻ治ԣֿЦЦӦ¡

ɽͽûϳ˸һӻ˼ҡ
װһͷŹһ⡣
ֻĽ⣬ͷܲأҲһӳԡ

ңķΧáӸ̾˾䣬Ľ
ȥܶ໧˼ȴûּͰദּҴ˼£û֣ǻЦ
ֹֿԿһ䡣ﵱñȽϺðɡ
ȷʵܺð˵˾䡣
˵ùãл˵ģžĿ
Ůһ̨ϷһĸŮģ治һ֡

ͷŹ⣬ݿƬ㣬˳ʳ
һ˳ûҸֿҲûɵȣȳԷ
ԹֵǼɫҴҸϡ
ðʰˣϽȥɡ
Ҳ˵УȥɡȻûʲôˣɾͲ̫ȫˡ

ӺߣҸ̤ҹɫ˼ţͷմһѩ˲㻯ˡ
ֿΪԼۻѩˣ
տʼ¡Ҹϴ˰ԳԷ˰곢⡣ζ治ôźãȥ򡣡
ϲԣֿͻءǳԼɡ
ãȸ˵¡

һûһţҸ˵ء˨ӼҵûҪ
۸û̸£
ԡҸͷͶʮӣֵ̫
ֿû뵽ص£˵עⷽ棬ҪкʵģһҲЩҪǿЩ
ҸѰѰ
ͳţҸһһ˵壬ŹǳʳȻƬҲûŹ
θڿã
ɱӲӲšֿ˵˾䡣ϲҪ̫
ҸЦŻ˾䡣պñǣûӲš
ʰϴȥɡֿİѻ˹ѹҸԽԽߣͷܵϿˡ
Եú£ˡֿЦ̸š

ת۽¡
оҲʮû򿴿ĺãѵõĳ̫ʰʰȥ
Ҫô˵ǽأҲ뷨ѵõĺ
ǰŸּ±ζ
һ࣬Ժ͸ˡ

ֿŰװֵֵıڻ᲻ˡ
ཱུĴ۾ëأܹԣһЦʵСʹˡ
Ҹ˰ǽ͸
ʡǮһأϻĺ⣬߶˺üأ˵رóԣ˻أ˵ζǻɣҸѧһ֡
ѣǻ̫أһҿ

˵ԵģֿֿŮ޽ɹԣ
Եĺءӳкر۲кôԵޡ
϶ģͦ˾䡣к󴩵Сѹͷأ˵ⷨ顣
ͨӻ⣬ֿŮʶֵ£֮˵Ż˭Ҳˡ

źԺĻЦСĸҧ䡣ҹúأҲܺãҾðɣ˭Ҫܼ޸Ҹǵˣ˵ǲǰ
ǵġͷЩ֣ٶôûףûʳڣò̫ʡ

翼źǲҪسȥ˵ſԽѧ飬ûʲôǮʡˡ
֪뷨֪ء˵ѧ¿¿úãӿãѰЩǮĻ㹻һڡ
ҪˣҺ᲻õġƲֵֹš
û˵ҲЩ᲻á

⣬æһͨƬ̿У̫ʧ䣬͵ҽʶ̵֣Ļǵ𣿡
ǵһ㡣ˡ
û¶ЦᣬҲ˵ϸͻˣҽѽ
ϰԴŴһ飬ϸϸƮֻ̫ۣλƵĳּǡ

˵Ҳ⣬Ҹȥˣ˰
ʹӸһ룬ǮĸףֿҲˡ

³ˣɽͽýʱ࣬ûȥ˶֡
һ·ýڵ͸ˡ
ҹˡ
ɽ񺩺Цţû˵ֻݸĸ
ֿЦЦţȫЩ򣬴ͦŸأкأľڡ

³࣬Ҽһġ
ּȻҲֿŮǵȻúÿ˳룬ڵ˽ȥ
סϲס¡
ֿ࣬ռãӻ̵Ĺ˼Լ

ˣζ͸ŨЩҲ֡
˵ʱﶼ˹ζ
ǵĴҪÿЩҳʽرࡣ
ҴҲûҲûȥ
ֿںͷæţæ˵Щճ

ֽ򴰻ɨ
вء
Ĵǹ˸дģд˺ü֣ҸæŲլӣûʲô飬ٽ̯Ӱдд֣дúãǸͯø⿡㣬̯رá
ֿü·һۣЦֲ֧ƴ̯ȦȦȫأвСϱСҲ֪ػ뿴⿡Ķɡ




84.  84һ   ϴϴ˯ɣ㣡

ʮ, вӹʱͣҵ
ȥҲôʱ䣬ֿϾͺҸѹǮͷ˳

˽ֿ̨꣬û±ζ, úɽ֪, ĸǴźúùꡣ
ǵֵĺԺ, ӺμҲˡ

һ̸Ц, ȻҸǮͷ⣬˶з, ҲС
ɽǮģͷһµĹǮģǵԱˡ
ӺٻٵĹǮ, ͷⶼǰʮģָ˰˷ǰŸµġ
Ҹ˵ʱǻ, ͷֻ᲻ͬЩ, ôҲøһµĹǮŶԵסǡ
ʱ̣һٹǮ, ͷʮ, ˳

ֵι˻ʱҪԲͬ㣬ǷӣȻԸô, ǵõλ
ˣǹǮģͷʮģһи㡣
Ϊ, ֿѰһƾ֪顣
񣬾÷ӽ̵úÿԶ͵㣬ӽҲЩѧʵķһ㲻Щ¡
⻰˵еںֿ˼뿪ռú󣬲̲סЦҲͦ˼

깤Ǯͷ⣬˵Ц˻ᡣ
μߣɽͽҲ뿪ֿʼŻҵ£һؼңҲǿϸף¶࣬ÿ춼ܳʵܾʱ÷ɿ죬գһ꣬·кܾûкúϸ˵˵ɹɹ̫

ãҲҪǮû˱ˣŰѸոյõǮóҲԲסЩӦõģ˵㻹ѣ֬ͷ黨ʶ֣ҲҪǮп
סһ£̶̵һ£ȴޣҲ˵ʲôζ
öرã̻ܶܶ£ùúů׻Ҫů

ֿ治Ҫ
ҪҡͷִŵĵҲҪǮ
ôŰɣҰѻϵǮʣԸšֿšҲڵԷסڼŸɻùãҲ۸ǰɣҪһһ㡣
е£־ù˵־ĶԾ׻ǵ˵ͷ

ֿķͷ£پĿʼ㡣ͷһǮһһǮɣ黨һʮǮ֬һõģʮǮ԰֣ʮǮûأ⼸ֲڣʮǮɣһһ˫ЬǮǶǮ
ʶ֣ѧָͷʼϸϸ
ֿۣЦæ

˻ᣬϲ̵šãˣʮİ룬Բ԰۾⡣
ҼŮֿĸķ
Ǯݸ˹ãؿеš
ֿû˵ʲôȻĽӹǮ
һ¾Ц죬Цúǲ̫

ãá
ĺð
ĶĶá
ɵӡ
ԺҲҪТ㡣
ҸϱТҪʲô˺ԼСҾУ˾Ͷ
ǣҾТãôҺá
⺢ӻˣֿЦļ򡣡˸˼˵ɣúã͸ˡ

Ҹ˸ţֿõʲһһţϰᡣ
ЩԵõģǸͷʣµɡ

໨ŴúҸе⣬ȴǿģкţֳﺰúҸˡ
˳һƵĴ˳ã磡һһ
Ŀ䵽Լϣֵ£ګګĵ㣬զÿˣһûզ̫һء
ǰ㣬զ˳սϸһӵĻܣզ֣Բ۾⻹

ֵܵе㲻̫ڣϹ˵ʲôأһ߶ȥͲ֪ţϵĶ᣿
Ŷظ
˳Ц˵㣬ǰû㳤ͦÿ׳ǼţҲҪˡ
˸ۡûÿĹÿأѧѧưûϢĸŵġ

֪ˣһ󺰣ȻЦ˵զԭǺѧİɣ㣬˹ʱնЩأһ˵ըˡ
̲סˣ׷Ű¡Сӣ˰Ϲ£Ҹš
֪֪ͷ˵Ӧš

黹Ǻܺõģʮ˻ֳһţҲû֣߶߶˵
Ҹүߣ˼˵
ּҲȱǮ㹻ǮͷϣʱۺͿյӹǣҲһЩ

ÿ¶һˣϸϸضעҪע£ҿͦ࣬ҪæеܲŮϸģ˵ƽչͷǵ໨ϱ
ֿʹɩرϵҲ˵һΪ˻ǲģֻЩƫˡʱҸ˹ңЩԵõĹֵǮǵ⡣
ǰʮּҶңǰɩɣϣչϸʱܾľ㡣

໨ҲŮϵı仯Եıϸˣ˳Ϳ֬˵ҲʮһأССһӣܾáãһǮɲõϰߡ
ԼǮء
Ҳɰ໨ˣù˼ӴӸũʱȥǮôЩϰˣõġ
ֿЦŻ˾䡣֮ǰɩ̫ڲüޣڼ׵㣬ÿЩǼ
ô໨Ǿ̫ݳˡ
ǸµĺӣӹòãȻỨǮͷеǮʰʰԸҲ޷ʮСأˮ㡣
ﱦȫͷҿ˵ͦԡ
Ӷʲô໨Ц˾䡣
Ҳù˵ö԰һˮĹվڸǰҿҲﻶϲЩ˳Ц
˾䡣ôÿ˵Լ޸÷ԲеǮ
ҿ˳˴ءֿ٩šҲԣʮ˰ɣǿ࿴ˡ
˵£໨ֳˡأӷ˵ҪЩף˳׵˵⣬뷨ˡ
ҲҪ࿴СҵҸġ
ҲҪҸԼϲġ
ֵһһ䣬໨ͷƤ顣

ҵһ죬Χżӵص˵
صҺҸµĶĸ˵Ҫ˰ɣ
ҲǹǡֿԵ˵°ɣҲǼģԸͳɣɱһӲףҪȻҲҪġ
Ҹ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ϴϴ˯ɣ㣡
ҸΣȴ̲סЦǡ




85.  85һ   ּҲŸհס

ʮ, һֱ賿ʱ֡
еʱ䣬ǷֿϽرﲹ, Ҹ, 绹óŰ, Ҫú˯һ, þӵĳš

ֵϱ죬˷ò֡
ֿӺ, ۾ضûĥǸɶأһ·ѻը˰, ˸£ѡ

Ҹֿվ£պóʯĶӡ걬ˣ
ɵͷǰ涼, ˯
˯šֿ鸡ĽŲȥʹǲһ, ҲͰһҹ򶼾ʲô, ȥûô, һһӴ

緹Щ˱Щպ±ζš
ֿƵæµţҸԱߴ֣ܰ˭Ҳû˵, Ĳ𷢳ϸϸž죬Сİ˱ڻɢζҲðڵذƼı, ȴůůҲء
ĳůˮƮŨ㣬ůֱܽĵ

ֿҹûϻţ˵ǲꡣ
Ҹ
ȡҸͷûҲû˵
ǲɶ¶ˣֿľľ֪Լ¶ȴץס֪ɶо͸ˡ
ҸЦü۲õĺܡǴһߵĸߣӻͳֽ⡣µһһ˳˳ûûܳ˯

ѹǮҲѹǮ
һ㶼ǳףԸҲڳٰ
ֿɣ˵ҲأϸϸҲŽʮ꣬ûѹǮյġ
Ҿ˵ԼɶͨͨѹǮˣüЦĽ˶Ӹѹͳһݸӡµһ꣬Ҹ˳ģǮ屶㣬˶
ӸѹǮȻ£⣡
̡

˵Цһ緹ֿӰе񾢶
һҪŰɣ
ţҪĴ߶ꡣ
ּҲŰŰ꣬Ҹȴòཻĺֵв١

˰е죬ֿ˿±պţĽ壬̫óˣμңңңڹ˼Ҳȥݸꡣ
ϰɣ·ʲôۣĿǰûʹˮȺúôš
ι˻Ҹķӣ˵رʽҲȥꡣ
ã֪ˡĸײ˵ҸҲ뵽

Ҹȥݴֻ꣬ʣֿһˣеҲС
ﲻȴƽŵæ£Ҳûôͽַ򽻵ڵĹϰ壬治̫Ϥ
ԼŲꡣ
룬ֿǽǰЩõһһİڳ۽Ƥȵȣİһӣϸϸʮء
Ӹʮʹº죬ʱʮԹõġ
ȻʹһգûͿԻ˰֮ġ

ûֿ꣬ԼԣЩһһȫԵġ
Ҫʱۿ͵緹Ȼû˹ꡣ
緹Ҳ򵥣ʣķˣ¹ֽӣͷպ±ζԡ
ȰѷͷϣӵҸ

˵첻ܶ˵ܶɨ㲻һͰղá
Ĺػͦࡣ
ֿ֪ҲһһȡֻмȤζء

ʱ룬ͷȣСš
Ũķ㣬ģǼҼһԺúȺõʱ
ֿûݣû˹꣬Ծڻԣ̿軹ҪůͲ٣ǻҳе࣬ҲմЩѬζҪǳȥûѻϴͷųɡ

ϳԵܱǣӲֻǳٳٲӹңֿЩס
ĪǱųԷ벻̫ԣȫף汻ųԷӸ
⺢Т˳ˡ

ֿϳԷǻҸ˵ҪСѾߵ£Ц
߶ģСѾ߻ź
ôõһůУҲ֪˭и޸Ӵ

Ҹź̤õЦҲЦ⡣ɶأ
ҵкأӺ˼ֿŲ˵ʵҪȻӸúˡ
ܼˡҵĴӣҸҲͦ˼ǸܹԺܰЦСޣװֿſ˼ˡ
ֿ׼ˮȡǲ㷹ˣ
µ׼
߶߶˵ŻԹ緹Ҹϴ£ĸȥ˯š

֪Ҹ粻ţּһ±в˹ꡣ
򲮽ι˻ȵȣรиڵĹϰҲһ֣ƤӺõһ
ߵʱ˵ٶԵء
һһٶҲ˵óڣûƵġ

ֿ֪ƽʱĶ࣬̾Ӻϵཻȴ̫ж١
Žݴ꣬ǳˡ
ִкüʮأʹЩʮУСЩʮʮҲУÿ˶ཻã˵Цܼ磬Ķ𾴣ͳһĶӣ˵Ҹƽֵཻƣúһӡ
ֿ룬ҶĳˣԽԽ㣬϶㣡
Ժ
Ҫ˵һ䣬̳ġ

޹Ůҡ
Ӵȥ㣬ĺ磬Ůϱ¨¨أһ۳м·ǻġ


䣬һߴ
ֿһѱס˵ŻѵСԹȣ˵
ͻ߹߹ߴһ쵽˵ͣҲ֪˵ɶûšΪʧ䣬Ŵĸһϲأ˸ˡ
Ŷ̫żʱ򰡣ҼҴԹԾ͸ÿڳˡ
ںС˵Ľý˾䡣Ҳô˵¼ã
˱˵ȥȺĺܣһȥ
Ǹ泩ĸã֪ǻ̿趼պá

ӭŶŮһӽݣûãŮЯҲˡ
ѣ浽ЦЦѻˡ
Ӻɽ񺰵Ҹ
ݽݡֿкš
Ҹȡ±ϵ¨ǲˣ
ǵģǰú˵šɽʵʾʹ𣬴Ҳƽƽ塣
ֿôĶǵóߣ緹Ҳԡ
ðӦá
Цɰˡ

ڹ˼ּҵ֣ϰ˵ֶ˵μСﻹǱˣ˼ҿϣǿŤĹϲ𣬾ι˻ûţֻҪּ£¶ûܣּҲŸհסȴȵúܣڵҲˣһӳҲǸˡ




86.  86¶   ʦ˸Լ

ι˻û, զͲˣϲ̫ˡּʲô±ζ뷢ƣɱΣЦˡ¶ٿ±ζ꣬ҲЬ
֮, ޴ϰһ˦, صֶӲԸ, ҹܲ, ǹ˼ҾԲ˽¸ʲô, ҷ
ɷָűϺͬʱҲӲȥ
׶ֻ꣬һŮδк, ɷ檵˼ֻҵϲ̫ѣͬ, ¾Ͳܳɡ
˴, չ˵Ĵɣɾ˵ˡ

Ʋ޿κΡ
ϰ岻, ˫£, λƵĳȥ
Ϊá

ʱּҷʢ緹Ѿ
̹ˣֻͷҩ̲ζǳ, ˱⣬㣬ζر㣬㾢, Ƭ˱Ƭһֱ¹̣廨ҲƬһ̣ƬܲпƬԼҷĶѿԺݿˣʹӣݷĺ۵ȵȡ
һлصپȴ̹Լ˲ʲôʲôͳʲôŪ˷ʢ̹
ڣŪ˼ˣݲˣݲ˿ɿˬ࣬Ҳܻӭ
һѹڲŰϡ

̹ҪóԣҪպҲҪ
һֿŪ˻֥齴˴лҵ֭ͣպųҲζ
´кһڵĵιӼСһԵÿɾˣС첲Сȶرã˿Ц⡣

ѵһãٵ˾ء
еİ׾ƸǺȣȱȽºԼ׾ơ
̹ˣ߸һݣұ߶ı߶ķҪЩθڴҸܳԲء

˵Ļ˵Ҳи߶Ǻܴ󣬿ĳҪȻһ˶˵ݶƷ˲ɡ
߹߹Ск󣬷·Ҳ˰㣬ûô֣ԹɵҡԲĴ۾ŷ棬Ҳ֪ɶϡأĺܡ

һٷһʱһԳһͷȺüͨͨҲ
̹žǺãֽ̱ſϣŹĹĵضӷҸĸ̾̹óһЩڼܾ˵ζ
ֿ֪ΪɶЦ˵ǼЩ
ôһ˵һеءĴָ
̹˵˾һҲ֡Ҹ˸ŴЦ
ɽͷͷԵ˵ü̹ҲеİɣֻԼͱˣһؼץһֻġ

㣬Ǵ٣æù𣿡۴ĶӡҲŶֻʮֻɣٶ˿ɲɡ
Ц浽ܰأҲû٣žǶʮֻɡ
ѳԸ˾˳ԡ浽Ա߽˾䡣ġ
ҲᣡͰ͵ظ˾䡣Ѹ˾˳ԡЦСģɰĲС
ֿ§סĶͷ࣬Ͳ̫࣬Ҳĺܡ
ɡԿһúöٺ÷ò˻ؼҸǣԵҲͲ˵ˣܹԷҲԶЩҪȻһŸĻ֡
˵öԣ¶ǡ

˵˵⻰䵽˼ҳϣټѼҪҪֻǼأֻźԼͷׯڣۿҪˣ׼ֵʲôȥɫӶЩ
ֿũƤë̫Ժ˳ʰȥ
ӴǰŸ׷˽˸ɻĺܣܿʰˡ

ֵϺ̶ܶûпţȴ壬˺ܶ࣬ˣӵıϷĸɫС̯ӣСϻмֻ滹ڳعֺģͷ̯˵ˡ
û£һӾźȥ
һȦҲҪصҾ
Ū˼в٣Լżķ㣬˲㺮⣬Щҹ硣

ԹֿҲûҶൢ飬Ҹţ˺󣬾ùŮŮźӸϽϳ
¶ӣŪ˱̺ӸǴϸס
ĿţԶˣֿҸתȥӲûпţֻԱ߿˵Сš

е½Ӫҵ
ּ±ζǳ忪ʼӪҵֿͶҪȥҡ

̫ůϺܼ
ͷǰɹ̫ԱߵϷ˺ˮֻСӡ
ֿ߽ЩẰ˾䡣
˯ͷһ¾۾ֺǺǵЦˡĿԱתתҸϣЦġҸ֡

ͷϲľϲӻҪϲ
Ҹÿү˵ĻҲ˵Ļġ
ֿ˵ŻŶ˳ڼأ
ãˣݺæ
ֶֿŮ⺢ӣզ첻ͼô࣬ûˮ龢զˣ
û˵һ֣ۿˮߵһһ䡣

ɶްֿеţæļ򡣡ҵǽӣײܵģ۲ޣɶ¶˵
ű͵͵˵Ҳûûɶ£ǣżҴŮѾߣǹţܻ˵ϼ䡣
ѾʲôҲǸź˵Ѿߣܵɣֿ䡣أ˳أ
ȥ¶˳ͷɡ
Ҫţһȥô

໨⻰˿˰ȥɣ⺢ӣ⼸Ҳˣ˵һ˲лأһԱţͻӡ
żҵĴѾͷ˵ǹǻӵͣѾ߻˲ٽأǻżҽȥƥӻ˺и㲢ģɰżҸˣż϶ϣýɲʹˡ
˵ʲôһܿţޣȻ໨⼸òУԹȫڻˡ

ֿû뵽żҴŮе㱾£ôʹӴʹСѾߵѾߣɩֵã˸˵ҪţͨԸԺԣż϶ͯǣ¾ԣҿܲԡˣ˸ҪȥμԺԣҸҪҪһȥҸӦ£ͷ˳Ҳϣɩô
⣬϶Ҫȥ໨еˡ˸֪ι˻һˣö˵ʮŵģҲǼãʮҲڶ˸Ҹأ
϶ģ൱Ȼлģʦ˸Լ˵ġ
໨Цļۣƽἰ˸û룬Ҹ㽻ãҸ




87.  87   ׮ˣ

¿ҵ, еӿʼæµ
ҸҲæ˳æŲҵլӣҪɽѩڻʱ깤, , ͿԺʹɽȥ, ﻻǮ, ú˼ԿܶƽʱĻ˻, ջ
ȥԶسǸǵȣҲϲȥȴҪһɽʡ

̿ҵ, ͹ǽɻһ⡣
ֿ֪Ǹ٣ȥ, ɽʮ, ʮģ˸ƺ̫, پ׼˼
ϻ, ڵԽõĹǮǮҲԽࡣ

ææµµʱܻر죬·һע˺Զ
ԺĲ˵أûãðǵɫ, ͸ͳĺӰ㣬һһ
㶹ժų˳ʱ֪˶µס
죬Ҹڼҡ
ֿ۵㶹˸ؼ, ȻŶ㣬ŹϰѴ̵Ĵл˸Ũζˬ

Ůӵθڲӣĸ˳ĸˣ˵Ƿǳʢ
ҲӺԵö㣬ֻֿһ룬ȽϰԲ˺͸ˣ˰ٵġ
֪٣̫࣬󵽵׻ȫĲ룬Ƿʣһ롣
ֿʣŽѾϴʰ̨ĻľӣССԵҲ٣˹˹ĵģɻȴĺܣȫ
ǣһգ۹򣬳æˡ

Ҹ˵СѾߣֿûãʹԸԸȫɻǮһ¡
ŵԽԽãҸæ£̫࣬ӰŷֵֵҲ
ϾҲ֪ãˣ˵Ҳϵ

£Щ⣬ʱǻ̫á
ֿϲԺɹɹ̫⼫ˣҲʱԵЪ
ǰţأ֪ĻΪǽʱͬͬ

ټҩú˰ɣɵС˾䡣
Ժֿ۾˯ˣе¡
˯ˡ
û˯ã˾񡣡ֿҩ룬๾ĺţһš࣡
ҩ򿪵ģܾӹǲ̫оѪɶġ
˵ûɶëǰӿ࣬ɻЩˣԼҩҲУƽʱҲöעԺȣʳȺҩҪЧЩ

ҡ
ֿﺬѹζ۽ۿ˵
ǰ˸ˣ˵Ҫʮ±⡣
˵ֿϽ۽ֺ˺üڵˮ

˽ӽ˺Ժ
ֿҲûݣº˵ӸϽͷĻȥ˱衣
ƹô£ǳĹ£Ҽ̫ү٣˵ּ±ζʮ֪ⵥƹܲܳ£
ʲôʱ󸮣
ڳʱǰƹǮȸһ붩𡣡
ֿ㣬͵֣ˬĸǮǷҪдʱ˵òţüۼš

˵飬ֿҲûٶ˵ʲôЦӡ
ڵĹϰƼˣе㾪ȡƹˣûĻ˺ǳ°ɣ
ƹ̫үٹЩ±ζ
׮ˣ
ֿЦŽ˵

ȥ˽ҡʱ磬Ӧüֿɫ
ʡҪҪҸһȥ
ãҾǺͽ˵¡԰գҴææˡ
˺ͽ˵£ֿҪЩ±ϣЩռŵȥռʵŲŵ

Žţӭãûãˣ֪˵ǵʻղգ˵вٶҪ
ĸģ
ݵģԶţҷߣ߲·
ֿ±Ϸ£˿ˮʡˣ
ò⣬
УҪǲڣ˵ֱӰѶգˣ۸Ҫġ
ЦŻء֪ء

̫Ҫɽʱ⣬ʱɱһֻȫּңûʲôǮôҲеǮܱûкá
ּҵ⽫ûʲôô٣ÿͷҲסЩǮ⿿һˣһһֻ
أϾŪ˸е򵥣ζȴ
극˾Ϳʼæ±ζ
úɽ֪׮⣬ҲͲɫģȰĸɻ

ⶼ㰡ˮͷ֮ı߽Ҳʰɾ͵±ûˣֿôؼȥʣµ㹻ˡ
鿴࣬±ζܷʱ䣬ֵÿס򣬼ֻ±һڻ±һ±±
ֻֿĵȴʱ佫Ҫʱ±㶼׵ˡ
˯ɣЩ𡣡
ҲãҾءעҪЩ黹в٣ҸҪúչ˹ùá

ɣŴһ
ˣĴͷ±ζˮ
ջУ˹࣬˵㽴˼ݲˣ˴л

ֿζ𴲡ʲôʱģոռأ緹޳ˡ
ûá˵ŻԺš򣬶򡣡
仹е䣬ɽýԺմЩ¶ˮ
ȥ±ζôȥ˽ֿţõ±ζȥǰ±ζûñϴֱ˵Ż
ءˡ

ҴҳԹ緹ֻֿڼңš
ûӺҲˣǰӣֿûס˯

ʱʣµǮҲˡأ
˯ءӻصҩҸأˡ
ȹ˯Ѱɣûôԣ˯̫硣

ղɺ긾ˣҲؾ˵
ֿ˯ûأõҩСϡ
кǣ̸˼䣬Ʒ飬ɺʲôɺҪϸѡţʶҲ֪Ҫô˵
긾û룬ͷ㸴ӣګګЩ֪롣
óɺĲУҪǱ̫࣬Ҳǲյġ
ģġôһҲеˡ
˵öּˡ

ֿ˯˸˶̹ˣҲͷҲӷ¡
ã¸Ǯû
ȡá
ҩúˡӶҩأ̡
ֿʶüӲͷƤҩһں꣬Ͻ˸۽ѹѹ
˵ãղɺˣҲˡϸϸ˵š
ֿ߽۽ҲǸϸܵĹأܳסأҺûм޸żϴҪȻһǿϧˡ




88.  88ĸ   ˸ñż϶Ҳ

ݵλ˱а˸ߵĴ, Щнͽţ˾ͺƹģЩֺá
ӱò˼, ͺ˵Ҳƹ, ƹںԺ, Ҵǹȥ˽˺Ժ, ֵ¿ˮﺰ, ݵλ
ϳֿأίʵæ˯ûʣò׮һ

Ŵֿ, λЦƹģáе׾ӡ
, žͺáֿº͵ЦšҿǴɺ
һλָùԼҴ䡣Ҽҵ, Щģѿ, ͷ, ҶѡˣǰŽС˵ġǮ˵˺ü䡣
ҼҵġһλݸҲԼҵĴ˹

ֿļ۸ͣ±ζ, ƾıζǮ
ʳϣѵúϸ
֪ģͷ߸ɻֿóһľ, Ѱָ˼ҵɵ㿴ܿøϸЩҲһ

˻ᣬֿĲϸ¸װľȫҪˣͷøƹ
նҡ
ָ˿ʣĲ࣬ǮţɶȽϳԳơллңǺţﻹУܲҲұ֤ĶǺõģȽĻá
ּյɿɱԼҪˣԼǺȫȥģּԺҲյĻͿԶŪɹЩɣɽв֣һӶûЩˡ

ƺðŮ˼ҵɺֿǮݸˣûɡ
һ۳ţܲľȴ氤׵ģкü
ҵզŽˣŮ˼ƹɫ̫ãϽ˵ͬʱոյõǮϽʵʵ
ݸһ¾ͻˣͰ͵ġƹģҲ֪ġ

û¶ֿĻ¹治֪Ǽٲ֪Щ⣬Ҳ̫ͷϸļװ˺ݸ˵
ҲԱ߰ѡѡ
ƹģҵҲǳĵģ֪ӣǸʵˡ
û£㲻˵ֿʲôãҲúĵЩϸͬݸˣʲôͬ飿ˣǲĺá

СṦнѡﻹʣһ룬رࡣ
ֿĳƺǮԺкõҲ͹ҪӾô󣬳Բ̫ɡ
õĺõģллңǺţĳˡָһĵлԱߵĺݸˣĸľͷƵģ˵û
ݸګګصллңллңллҡǮżֲɫ

ӽýʱ·Ц˵ҿţǺݸ˰˳Ҳǹġ
Ӧǰɡ

ЦԺ˵ãˡ
򡣡ֿеګƣͷߣͼ˺Ժ
ƹ¡
ˡ
Ҳûվǰ̵ſڡҪԶţһ²Ź飬ȥң㸸װ˰Ƚ˲٣һֱôϸϸţٻҲпܣҴЩҩռãһһͺá
˵£Ű±︯ˣǮ⣬ӲǸǮ

ǰձ˿Ǻ˵ֿ˵Ǻš
˺ãŻźˡֺǺǵ˵˾䡣˸ء

ֿպһ⣬ʣµļСˣţװ˷ݺռȥ
ЦЦпڸˣҸѰ
¡ֿӣ˾֡
ӽ˺Ժװּ̣ҵϴɾŽǰӡ
ٳɣҹ
ֿһԲ۾Ҫţҩܿġһš
Ͱ͵ر飬Ц¡ҲУԸע㣬һҲҩ裬ζҩġ
úúãעţԻע⡣ֻҪҩֿ͸ˡ
䣬ֿҲûҶѸǰǷǶడ
Ǯˡ

³ţ˺ü죬ϸ꣬ǴͣׯҪʱʱ³꣬ȷʵǺ¡
Դǰ˳ҵĶּ±ζ·𱻴´ţԭͱȽϺһ»ˡ
ֿæĵĺ˵Իע⣬޵ҹû취Ҹû⿿һ˲ɣҲԱ߿š
ǮˣȴЩ飬ԼܺԵĸо
군ˣ֪͸ٳҩ˵ܿһˣ

ʹˣǰɱ죬Щ嵭ѵõеУֿ¿꾰߶߶
Աֱüͷңǲ̫ۣ
û£ҾϹ˵˵ءֿٺٺٵЦҼҸ˳ȥüˣҲ֪ʲôʱ
꣬˳ɻɡ

Ҹûţ໨ֽɡؽ˵ӡ
ð
ĵֿǰ濴ɩء

ðҸ˵ż϶ҲҪȥμԺأ໨ܽ˺Ժž˵šͯˣһ˵֪º󣬸ǿżҴѾͷŻ˵ż϶ţֱѾߣҪǿ̫С͸һѾˣż϶ȥسǸϿ̶һȥ
ͯˣ鵹Ҳ׷ѡֿûɶС֣˵ҶСطųһţ˻ȽֵǮûɶִʱǴѧأһ㶼ġ

໨զץصأżңżۿҪˣ
ǣɩôʲôѲ㻹ڸ˻ˣֿ˵еֱס
Ҳֱ̫˰ɣ໨£˵е뷨ڴøǰ¶ûûûأǹ˵аؼңܱߴӶ˵лаżϴˣżڷŻ˵ûױĲҪ˲׹߻ᳶȵĲҪ˻˻ҲҪ˵˲٣ر

ֿʱˡǻʵѡأżϴȵż϶ø󻧶䲻ϰɣͿͯˣɩ㼱ɶ滹Ժԣż϶Ҿù˸ϣ󡣡
˵˸໨һɨ⣬Цɸˡ˸ñż϶Ҳζˣð˸Ҹ׼ʲôʱǲǸ޵ʲô˳Ҫһȥ
ҸЩûˣ֪ܻܲ
ûͼҸǻ
˻ˡֿŴɩ˵˾䣬Цǰߡ




89.  89²   ҿɲһСС±

Ʈϸ, 꿴СȴҲ
Ź̵ĿˮͰˮ, Ҹϴ軻ɾѡ
ֿ໨޳ŨŨĽ, һ, Ҳźһ

Ӻ, ѶſڵĶ
Ҹ⼸ɽԻģ߰ɶе
æ, ӽԺɻǰӡ

˻ᣬżȥҲûжൢ, ໨ŮҪߣ˵˳һߣʡýţ
뿪, ֿҸ
Ҳ˼, 㶼ʮ죬ʱ˵˵̲, ҲЩ, ֿ߶߶˵˳

һҲôȥˣ죬ɫ, Ůǲùңֿر
ҸθڴȻŪʢ, ҪһͲס

ɽͽûּҳԷֿõļҨ׵ĸȥ
⼦ǴŮùģء
еСɣЩ飬ζִ໹еڸ΢رԽԽ㡣
ҸһСɽﻻģҲû٣Żͦ࣬ҷһҲͳζ
Ҳɽ˴ЩСɻȥСը󶼳ɣզŪóԡ
໨ʱҲһЩǡ

ӳСɣеղסӣԽԽԡңСȫԷŵ¾ƵĺţҶȵ׾ơֺǺǵЦţü̹ɣּҸɻӹÿˡ
ԴȶءֿСʱ;ÿԷŽ򣬿ϧ̫͡
Ҳϲԣּ̫ҺųžҲϰˣױǼð촽˲֬ÿղ˻򶼰յرãСըĺ㣬ִ໹н
Ҫġ
ҵøŹúúѧѧ˾Ͳԡ̵Цš

Ҹˣ˵ֻֿ±ζ֣һ㲻ۡ
ûϯӣֻҪ˺±ζ㹻˯

ϸ꣬˿̣ҶƬգЩﲻãϸһͣһᣬˮεડ
Լǳʱĩι˻ˣ˰ؾֽɡ߹Ľֵ˵ֿͼɡ߽ݣ˲䣬·㣬ĵø⿡㡣
⺢ӳùֺá

ҡ
Ҹ᷿ء
ι˻ף첽Ժ

Ŀԣι˻µǰسǣҶسǣܵ·ϲܵ飬С״ɶģޡ
ֿ׼·ϳԵĸȣЩͷӣԼҵ±ζըЩСɣÿ׼ˮһһ׿

¶ʮ˵Ǹ˳еĺӣҲɵĺܣպ죬̫硣
ﱦȫӵõ໨黹йչţֻڼ
˳СúȫˮֿҲ׼ˣ㿴ţЩ࣬û޶θڶأҲ͹˸Щ

¶ʮû꣬ȴǸ죬ʱҪ㡣
ֿŻеĴŮӦ³ϧûҪȻǵýȥռÿŮҲġ
ʱ̫ˣ˵䲻ģȫƾԸ

ҾȥϪҶһûˡֿеҸڣҲߡ
֪߶ʲôЦŵϻؼŴӣӹǺأûɶ¶
ӲǼС£Ů£СڣҲûסָżһӣֿûİ취㿴ôųɲɣȥ˽ְæҴŮ³ȥؼ졣
⵹Ǹ취

㡣

ͬʱ
ֿǰȥզˣ
ţҾʹк¡ѰƵĶĸ׻

һͨҪ˵СкҲԵĺܣ˯ˡ
ۿҪˣ׼ȥסţҼûɶ¶еñϱҹ˿
ȥ
ͷûʲô£ضܷҲǼһ飬к޶ɣҲԵĺܣ浽ȫܰŴһ
ʲôʱҲûӣȥסüɡ
û£ҸҲ³£³ȥ
ؼؼء
һӶʲôɱˣȥɣæһż֧أϱ޶ŲֵĵҲ
ֿ˵˲١Ҳã¶ˡ
Ҿ֪׼Ĵ޶ҵʱûٲġЦü۲õĺܡ

ϣһӾּҳԵɽǻؼҳԣ˱ǵļ
Ǵġ

ȥ·ϣΪĵҺҽҾ֪׼Ĵ¡
ҸҲһġ
һкҲѡĶӣ۵С°͡ǲǰĹ̶
кЦЦ档
ʡô޲Żɣ
ɡ
һü춼أ
˵ʲôأޣѻ죬Ͻ޻ȥ
ޣҸʲôҲû˵
һ˵һţĳЩ̿

Ů³ֿ̣˯˯̤ʵЩһ˯ûѹãù˯ţҵ£Ը޹
ɽͽ±ζʱ֪ĸﻹ˯ûô˵±ζ緹ˡ

ûӺҲˡ
ʱֿմӱҪϴڡ
ںԺæµ飬ǰӡ

ãû磬Ҳû꣬ɫҲЩʱܻ̫
żҴѾͷ߽ʱһûϳŴΪСͺкš
õɻһ¸Ǯţ
һ˵ϳˡżҴѾ
һû䶼̫ˣҼСҸĵڽа¶
¶żҴѾͷưһЦⲻǶʮĽ𣿹һΪСѧء
¶ЩʮĽôˣҲǿƹأҪ
ҹøʲô
Ȼк¡¶¶һЦЦ˵ô£ţ;ﲻ̫ʶššüͷ
ֿӺ߽ʲô£
ҼСҪʮ±ʮ±ƹɵð±ζɾЩҼС㡭
ֿⱬƢһ´Ļӣûաת˺Ժ
ֹѸôĹ
˭أֿ͵ûͷۡ
¶׺Ŀŵɫ˵̫ҿɲһСС±ζǵģⵥӲӣ
ӡ
⻰ѸٵľܾѰ¶ˣû취վ˻ᣬˡ




90.  90   ƹҲ

¶ߺ, еš
á
ֿһ۾ͳ뷨Ц㲻ΪĻΪͷɣһСѾͷƬӣ翼ͯ, ܲܿŻ˵, ˽, ƾ˵Ƥ, ͼӴɿ𣬽Ҳô, ż϶гϢײ˹ʺ˿ţǣҲ²š
С, Ҳżãýʶβּû, һһ, һΪūСѾͷʲô£ֻҪҸҶּǳ, ҾзӶԸȥ

Һ۾̾, Ҳ˵𶫼һЩ¼ദôãȫԣ׺, رºͺ顣
ǿ۽ˡ
ͷҹÿˡｾĲС
︻ôйڣʲô¡
һ൱̤ʵ

ôҴææܽأ
ںԺ
ֿǰŮͷ󺹵Ľꡣ¶ˣ
˵żҴѾ£, ûզΰɣ
˭˵ģֿɳ©ЦǰҲͰʱɣ¶ʹ˽ȥˣ
ĸûƵģ˿ͷҵġ
ԭ

ûɶ£һƵĻ˶˽֡
ﻹðɣɽ˾䡣
رãú˿ˮüЩ⡣Ҿ֪ӣᱻһСѾͷƬӸ۸ˡ
ɽͷȴҸڣǵöŵǱߡ
ǿ϶ģҪǴҪˣϱŽ
˵ϱɽЩ㶣ǰܾãǼƽ£ܱҲûĸѸӿöҪµظɻǻеĸҲæż飬ûʱûʲô
ϱȴǲͬЩĸæǰæޣĶ꺮ůǿҪʱͷ£ֱס˼Ҳ˲һĸо
ͷǣŸһͷϱϡ

ʱȥ̫ӺƲߴ¶
⣬ãֵϵ˶ЩȻҲá
ֿǰӣӺںԺæŸֻЩȽۣ±ãͷˮ߽߱ǽǵĻ±ŽķѾԸϣùȥǰӡ

Թ϶ʹĴŷʳʰ޳ر£±ر㣬侭ճǣͷһ¶ǡЩ߽Ͼ޳͸óԣǰǲЩģȴϲĺܡ
ϸµϴǡǰҲԣζܲסٺٺٵЦͷˮʱҶأζûסһ죬Ӵͣˡ
뵱Ҳġ
˱߸ɻ˵һҲۡ

ǰֿæһò׵û˹˿ͣºúЪ
ȴŸϸ߽˵û˵Ц׼ңæء
ϣֿûʲôøУǴŮţҲ̫ӣԷ¹кԺȥ˳ȥǰ￴ŵ
ֱͷϴ˰֣Ȳݡ

˵զŹɹζأ׼Ūôˮʲô
զô˵̫ˣҲûˣ²ˮˡ˭ǴŻǶţҲ̫˵˰ɣζôˣûʲô
ôˣһ۾ͿˣСʡ
л˵˵˱飬ʡ˭
ƺǴӽš
ม

ֿӲĻ˾䡣ȻòŻ׼ҽ£
¸ˡԹϣЦָָԱߵϸ׽㣬ҲûŹ׼˵ʵû˰취ﺢӴˣҪҪȢͷĺܣǮ·ⲻŹ׼Ҽҽɶ֮ģҲõǮΣ
ǿԣϽɵЩӰôò̫ǰǮ¶׼Ҵ㣬ϽߵɺҿɾͲˡ

ǰĻЦúϲ£ˣŽ㿴ȥЩ⣬룬׼˵˵ţͷϵЦסˣƲšף׼ɶ˼ûǲǣ
ĻֻϽʵѡֿЦ˵Ҳʲô£ܰȻҲԶףλ׼ҵĴ㣬ȴҴ㣬ܹ׼ң˵׼Ҵȴˡ

㡭ϵԲ۾ƤӱֱףӶ£첻֪˵ɶá
ԱߵϸƹǶԲסͻˡã߰ɡ
ҲߣֵģǲǣͶһҴҵôˣҵ꣬ãʮĸּ֪±ζǹѿ
ãϸ͵óϵĸ첲ƹԲסҼҴ˵ֱ˵ţʹžק

ֿȷʵ̫ϵ£ϸ˵е̫ڡ׼Ҵ㣬Ǽر࣬͹Ҳ޷̫ĻﻹԲ¡
ǣǿ̫ллƹˣʱȹƹģȱɵĻұüС͹
Ҳԡ
лл̫лƹ񡣡ϸ˫ֺʮϹ
ֿɿıܿĶЦЦ

ϼ״ɣҾ֪ǹģ˼ǮΪԼ˲
Բסƹ񣬶Բסˡϸһסõͣקߡ
ּ߳±ζɿ͵֣ȴקĸ첲ߵر𼱣Ӳɿã˵ƹֺã

ǰǺãûǻżҿˣʱҸͳԵģͷ˼Ǯ۾ͳͷҿţǴĸҹȥ˺ü¡Ǻǰأ
ϸšüͷҿ㰡ʮ꣬һ㳤ûУѰ˼ԼҴõ

ĳءֺǺǵЦš
ֿЦЦûнӻӣõɡ
ϣϵĴ㣬ͷؼ棬ӡ󻹲ܰѾͰѰɣʱسԷӣǼܲ׵ء

˵Ϊʲôϡ
ͷеˣԭûּìܣ´ŮУۿҪˣҲ׮ìܡ
Ƿ˼ңҲŰɣҲðŰɣ˵ԷּҺϿɴûи֣˵͸ʳ֮ģеŵҲĴŮ۵öŮ޶ȥš

λϸӺԺ֪˵ˣȴó룬ÿ϶ںԺæţϧǰҲ⣬Ⱥкţæ꣬Ժȥѹûǰ
ʱһλ긾˽Ÿ¨һӾЦźƹˣǶҵģǰ͹ƹ񻹼ǵðɣ
ɶ긾ĺšҵģĸţ
ݵģƹͲǵ˰
ݡеӡ󣬵ǣǰ⸾ˣզò̫Ծءôû㣿
ƹæǵңҾ͹һ

ֿͷôˣ
ã˵ݶҵģǰǵ͹ôûҼǴ𣿡Ӷǡа㺰ƹʲôǵɻġ͹զˣ
㲻ǶҵġֿЦ߰ɣҲ¼
긾˼ˡҾͶҵģƹǰңҸŪˣͷлģȫǺõأһһģģϻصĺöˡͰ͵Ľǰݡ
治ãλӣãĿǰҪȥɡ
ǣƹ˵ģ󶼻Ҽҵ
˵Ƕ˵㲻Ƕҵģֻһ棬һ֪㲻Ƕҵģ߱׾ҪЩ
긾ϸµĻڨڨȻЦЦӣŴؿֿ
߰ɡ
ƹɣ㿴һۣǶĺնҵģΪʲôͲҼҵģҼҵȶҵҪöˣģ㿴Ϳһ۰ɡ
ֿ̾ǲգղ£ﻹкܶܶ࣬ʱĲҪ߰ɡ

߰߰ɡ֪ﻹжģѳСɽˡ
⣬⣬⡭
̿ȥ߰ɣģܵ⡣
ңҴӴﱳϣһ·

ƤˣƹƵĴӸ˽
Ÿˣ긾ЩżҲٴϹˡ
ߣƹɨۡһõƦ˴ˣɱĺݡ
η긾⻰סȾܣһûӰ

лƹ񡣡
ĶĻƹЦЦַǸ໥ģҸغ͹˸һسȥҲµײܻذɣҼǵãһ㶼µ׹ҡ
ֿصҲ̫Ӧµ׹Ұɡ
˵һƹͻԼҵ

ƲƲ죬ҧ䡣ƹҲ֡
е֡ʵв²⣬ĪŸ¿ԭʣ˵ء

ּ±ζĸ˶ùƹЩ֣żҵĴӴҲھء
ʲôأиϸﻹһӼ
ϸʶҴռ⡣Ȳ衣
浽ܹɵĺ̡




91.  91   һͨˮ⵹

ŶŮ, ֿ¡զˣû¶ɣڹϣûɶ¶Ůóġ
ءͷګ, ֪ᷢ, żſն, żҴ, һӼ㣬Ҳ, Ŵ֣ڣҲġ

ֿĥ¡˵Ͻ㣿ϵĴ㣬ռ, һ伾Ͻ㲻̹ˣʵղɣﲻ̫, ұ, Ͻ̬ȴǲӦ¡
ѹţ, ˿䲻Ĵ˹, Һʹ㶼ˣǰû磬أ͹ˡ

Ǹ¶ġֿ˵, ֵҲûôӦȥ˵ʱ͸˼, Ѽɶģõɡ˳ĺܼѣܰһѰһѡ
ͷƲ׼Ҫ¶ˣۿ㶼ҪˣһأҲе㶯沼䶼û˵Ҫǻôæǰæкš

ЩôĪͷûʲôˣ׽㲻׽գҿסܹмˣʲôҲ¡ֿ䡣
üЦĻءָʱ򷢶ĻǰҲͺ߶߶żǱ߰ûɶָ

߶߶˵Żù緹Ŵ㣬ִҴææĻżҡ
ûڣ˵ȥˡ
̽Ϣʹ˵˵˼ӵĵףҲ̤ʵˡ

³ʱĺӣ˸޶أֺ
컹С꣬ʱҪ޷ʱģҲûôڣɵı˸޶

ǡɼڣ⼸ӷûãԼҴһˡ
꺢ӣԱ˯ȥʹӴ˸ţﱨϲ

ֿôŮϽȥ¶ŮһæͶŮڶ˽ֵ
Ҳ֪˵ɶĻڿ죬æǰæкţҲڣҾ㣬㶼˳ĺܣ֪Ҫﱨϲҽţءž˵Ż
еϣίʵƲ⵱ŵģԼҴ㣬Լ˸ǰ˵û˼

˳ãһİضˡֿ˫ֺʮֱӷ
ڹŴޣǵ󿲰һûע⣬ûŮʱĵŮʱˡ
ЦЦؽӻҹҲ˯̤ʵ˰գ
ء

Ҳ¶ֵ¶ֿŮ˵˻ӻûൢֻ˶֡
һ׷ͬϲ
ںԺɻӣŶ˹Ҳ˸֡

ǸϲӣηˡֿȥȰϣ޶á
꣬ҲһţϪ忴Ůȥ
ֺǺǵصҸҴ֡

Ե磬ﻹһ±ζû꣬Բֿ̫࣬ЩǴؼȥʣµһ±öŮû˼ҡ
кڴء˾䡣
ֿЦ㲻˵Ҷ¶ǳɣһȥϪ塣
ڴסǻʵ
أ
ŻãҲһȥ
ɫ̫ȫ֪ɷɶأ˾䡣סڴҵĻʹҪʹкһסҲз䡣ֶ˵ɲȥĻ
Ҫģ⿿һ޵ĳҪ±ζ

˵䣬˴Ӻųȥֿϸϸض˼䡣
Źؽʵˣ˲ţ߳ʯ

Ϫʱĺɫĺϣϸ꣬ҹȴ˹ɺ
ϲڣպݡ
ֿôϣȥݣ׼һֱûԻеĴϱ޶ãҲùȥ˵ȴǲУ˰֣ôҲùȥ˵źá

˻ᣬֿͻ˴Ůߡ
ǲ̫ϲ׼ңܼϽ㻹㲻׼ڣҲ̸ཻ̫

Ӹѣ˵Żк򱻽ñڻϡš

ûֿСţ˯С޶СͰͣأе󣬿һȴü¶ůůЦ⡣ȡû
ûأ˵ȺСҸʶ֣ȡ
Сͦãкڻ̫ͦϲкܲסϲû취
űӵĽã⻰⡣к
ֿϡࡣоôû
һ϶Ц۾ҲءҺأµضġ
ɲС
һͨ˵еͷۣŶӳݡ

ɽڳæ£׾Ҳú
ڼ졣úܲЦҪȻǹ͸ӡ
ɡɽҡͷﲻͬ⡣
ָָݡͷ˵ţҲ֪ҪǹӶԸ⣬˳ɻڼҼû£úźסģҲȥ˽ְæ

浽ôó̷Ļյȥѡ
ҲþûˣֿЦŰǵĶͷϸ˵Ż浽ϸϸشš
仰浽չ˺͵ܵܡ
˵ɵءֿŴŮķ̶˵⻰֪浽ˣǸܸɵĺúӣͰŵչ˺͵ܵܡ
ҲԱȰ˵ûͷأһСѾͷ˵ù

۳Ź˴ʱɫίʵýżȥ
ֿ´Ůûϸ˵浽СôҲˣϸϸ˵˲ٻ
ŽӣƮϸ꣬붫û·СһṦҲ͵˼ſڡ
æ±ζ£ҲȥϪĹǼ簾ŽһݣǶһ롣

峿еСֳ꣬һ̫תֶ˺Ʋ
˵磬ŵüء
ֿ֪ô³ģ֮ļȷʵ죬̫ůůغ

໨˸̫Ϣ
żҴɵĻüĿ׮ܲĺԵŮмҲƣһС
ô׮û£ɰżҸˣβͶϣֿʼ໨űͷ˹ɻûضʹõˮ

ɩɶأ˼Ů˵ˣżŹҺϸ˵£ſż϶
ż϶ţżϴܵһ׮Եûء
ֿظ˵Ļ°ˣɩܷġ
ԴǷĵģżҲ̫۸ˡһͨˮ⵹




92.  92һ   УǾٿ꣡

ŴƮ˵, ԼԼ̫Уֻ˸šԥͷĻ, ŵĽǰ, Сֹ䡣
ͷҿŵǰ档˵Ż, ˺Ժӡ

ŵ, , ʵʲôû˵ֻû¶ɣ
ûɶ¡ЦЦӦţҲû˵
ͷ£˵ĺ, Ҳ֪ȥǶԻǲԡ
˼䣬̾Ҿĵ̫á

żҽ˻£żǺǻɶϵһ쵽ܵżҸ˵˵ȥ, ֲǵ, ҲǳԺȹӡ̤žһ˵
, С깦, ȴҲǴб仯

໨Ů˻˵ģƤЩҲסզˣǰʲô׻ͣҲûɶӲ˵ûǮɻ, ɵϵģҪӾͺӣǰݺܽܳѧȥ, ûأ

߶ңһ¹һ¶͸żҴɽ˻£˵ɶ˵ɶЩӵİžͺ޲ͷȥǸ˸ˡ֪ɶΪ̫˽ˣž

ǣ˵ʵ̫ˣһúõĹ˵ʲô

զûףҪ˵˵㲻ԶЩ˵ͱ˺ֱӰ˸ϳȥҲУٲɣѧһ̣ɨ򰡣ҶżûϵˣżҴɰզզΣȢϱϱûϵ
⺢Ӷʲô໨˵Ůšüͷ̾˾䡣
ǲ֪ΪɶģɶɳģǼֲЩųԷǮ
໨Ӵ֪֪ڵж໵ҧгݡ
֪ҲҪ֪

ɩҾ˵öԣ˰զ˵զ˵˵ȥҲһ飬Ҳ𼱣ϣһ׼Ҹ׵׵ĺ˼ң˵฻ԣԴǲġֿҪ˸Ͻ
ĵµˣй򰡣Զ༸ӣǮءӣǮһӵĻ಻ֵˣûɶ¶ȥɡ

ɣǣǣһżҶĿš໨ΪɶôŰвԭ򰡣ϧŮʹö˼ңûԹãģ⺢˵̫ˣûżҴɳ£ͷҲˣҲۺżҵĺҾ£ż£Ǹ۶СģҪżгϢˣǡǲǻ᲻̫ãӵؿá

ֿû룬Ҵɩô뷨ɩû¶żҶܿţй˸أ϶Ҳܿţ˵ż˳ϢҪеʲôҲ£ԹаѹССһţеǷӶԸȥ
Ź˸˵ҲΪſɩģһżҪĸСʱ̣òŹ˸

Ҳ԰໨ЦЦЩġǹ˸żҶɿҪгϢˡ
أɩţڡ
໨⻰һ¾̤ʵˣЦüۡ

ûɶ¶˵껰߶СṦ໨ȥˡ
ֿӣԶˣ˲Ժȥ
Ҫ˼ң
һȥʲôҡҡͷҪ֣Ҳȥ
ֿոһƽû׽̣ͷͣʱȥһȽϺá
˵úȴ˼ҲãһȥٻһӦòġ
ţ¶ǲֱͦ˵ó̵ơ
صĵͷЦü۲á

÷Ŷ˽ֵӣкҲͷ
򴺻źӣºӶ˯ܻЩ£ֿںԺæһֻȥ˽ֿۣý·ϲʲô
ؼҺ˸ˣͼˣֿϺͶŮ˵µģûпȥ˽֣Ӷൣŵ

¶ĵżͽҵСѾߵĴŮ
ֿ·̫粢Ƶģ¾֪ʲôϲ¶գ۹ҴѰ׮׼ңǿϲɺذϲϲôһ׮ϲ¶¶±ζСһɡ

ҫİ¶ЦӯӯֹѸˣԲ۾㶵ĿһѵĻǲ֪զ˵ڡ
⺢Ӹ˵ģЩɵˡֿǣ֪Ϊǹϵжء¶ʮ±⹻ҪҪ±縣㰡˸ôõĹҿ¶ĸҲˡ
ȻǸ㣬ܼ޽żϱĸϧƹֶŮ
ֿĻһɺʡ¶ʮ±ҪҪ±ҲʮΣ
Ҫ¶šüͷʮ±Ҳ̫ˣòˡ
û˵ָֿ꣬ˣһźѵõĴϲ¶һӿɾôһأʮ±⻹أҶеأǴ˼ң¶رӵͣҲȻѾͷˣ˵ҲҪ󷽵㣬˵ͷҶţǶĸҪЩء
Уʮʮɣ±Ҫˡ
ԻĻţ±ɣеСﰡͲԻȣͺһأô˳༪ǰɰ¶
ǣǾ±ɣһǮ¶е㼱ٴֵñڲȥ
ֿĳƳ±ζѸٸãһָǮһ±ζ
¶ų±ζƵţǹ԰ҫģϾǮٶţ
߰ӭ´ֿüЦȥ

ڹƹֺǺǵصƹء
ûáֿЦЦ˵
ĳŶҿĿšҺŰ¶ĶᵽɤˣΪֵóȴĸסˣ˵⡣
ѧŵǿ⣬ܺƾͱߣϡ
šֱͷ
ָָֿӣЦеƤȡ


ﻶЦ¶±ζų֣ڲסӾͻعˡ
ɶ񣡹ȻǼһţҧ
ֹѸίʵƻ˳ǲ˼ȿڽ˵£ˣû뵽ֹѸƻ

˵С˵緢£СһЦ
ֿں
ܿ죬һҲˣã±ζҪЩҲص硣

ùӺȥСк˯ˣĸæµҪ±ζ
˶󣬲ʱʰ޳ˡ
æ꣬ǴŹǷϴ˯ʵһֹȥˡ

죬ɽ¡
Ϣһжá
ˣŶӻ˼ңҲкЩûؼңҺܷտ
˼ţæŹʲȴŶ±ζȥܼңúллء

ʱ䲻ȻѮ
һձһռȣҸûЩ궯ʱ÷ŰˣسӦǷ˰ģֻϢһ죬Ҳ֪Ҷûгš

ּ±ζĹ˿ͣܶ඼֪ĸμСɣ֪μСǺпܿŵġ
ˣǼЩˣ±ζͬʱЩҳ
ʱ˰ɣҲôʱҲ֪ûпӴ
Ҷ򶼺üûˣμСܿУ꣬ƺ˰ɣǰüʮ궼йôɰɣ
㣬Ӵôأ
˵˵ţһȦ˿ǾͿʼˡ

˵żҶɽҲǺϣġ
żҶĸżңز˵
µżң˵бۣҳҲأ֮ǰû˵Ǽͯɡ
˵ҶпһţżҶꣿ
̫֪ԼμСҪЩɣûס
ܳţɾ컯ˣ
ɲǣôĺΣ˵׼ġ

ֿϲ̵˵Ц;Ȥ
·Լҳ˸Ű㡣

ҵּǳ±ζＷˣЩĵģҲ̫طˣƴС꣬ûضš
ҾǼ̫࣬ͷȲȥ˶˽Ҫ˵Ͻ̯¥ȥʲô
ãҪ±ζҪ±ζƹ񰡣±⣡
Բסƹ񣬻ûע¶ء
Բס˶Բסˡ
˷׷׵Ǹ˵ߡ

һ˺ò˸ɾƹֻλƵĽˡƹ²£μСܷţ
ƹͦ顣ֿ˸
Ҽӻ̲±ζⰡɲţƹһżҶ濼š
δ֮⣬ֿЦⲻ䡣ϲһҶɺüûˡ

װģ˼䣬Զ
Źؼˣ
Źؼˣ
Źؼˣ
һһͭء

ˣˣ
Ҷֳˣ
˭ҵģ
֪ȥġ
ֵϵһѷƵȥ

ľҲվ۾ҡ
ȥڵšֿС˵˾䡣
СųҲȥ
ȥȥɣȥɣ￴ŵĪȺˡ
õĶҡ

⣬ɽ˺
ļҵŹ
μһżֻʩң
𼷰ңŹأĸŹ
ҸҸҸۼ⣬ֺš

μСɿţ
ǰװһİװ
ŹμСɣ˸һһףװ
Ⱥһ¾ͷԼҳ˸װ㣬ˡ
װҶô꣬ûйûйģȻǰװ
ҶҲҪٵˣ

̫ˣʵ̫ˣѹͼȺż˼òսЩֱˡ
ûûӣǻȻصɣ߶Ϣ
ԣû֪أø߹ȥ

ãǹ˸˸šŽӣûͰѻ˵ˡ
ֿüЦĵȻǹ˸Ҿ֪ܿС˶٣ʡأҸأ
ΧסˣһʱûģȵŰɡ
ǲȰˮϣҪҪ޵Եģ
ԣǸ׼ġֿ˵ſȻȥɣҲ¹˸Ȼؼҵġ
뷨˵ˣҲûôƴǡ

СʱҸ˳ŽԺ
ãǲ֪ɰˡ
ЬӲ֪˶£ŶˣҲ˺ˡšüͷе㲻ˡ
ѣûأͱ̫ϧˡ
ֿЩۡЬӣȥҩ
ãȥɣܵÿ졣˵ţ˾ûӰأ˸ţż϶ûţżһô¶Ѽ˰ɡ

ǰ˽ţҸ˳ҲһˣЩƤëˣ̫
ֿһͿҩ࣬ǰϴ裬ɾѣ档

˸ӣȡء
ˣʱģ˳ʡ
³ģֺͦС첲Сȶоˡ
Ҹʱ磬һȥ㣬سЩʲĸУУүȻҲС
ã㲻֪سж෱ööˣϣ˸ǻ֪Ҫզˣſ˸첲Ȼ¡ôôˣĶˡ

˫̥ž˵ţԵúǼ˷ܡ
ֿҲ൱ģʱʱ䣬Ǳ˵𾢣Ա߸ɻӿ֣Цһ㣬ﻹ¶ůůش顣
Ҹǰӡ

ûʲô⣬Ź￴֡
ֵ϶ûʲôˡ
ҸҪȥϪ£ͷɳ©ʱ˺Ժ˵

˳ҲһϪûô飬˻ᣬ˵˻ӻָţ
ˣ˫̥ûֱţȥ
ǻҲһʱˣ˳Ҳ֪μСɿŵ£ٲȥżˡ

ӳŽһ£ȻҪʢЩ
ֿı㿪ʼֻѼ˸㹽ƬŹǣ峴ʱߡ
ȫҸϲԵġ

سǴľãҹ˸ϸسǵ±ζǼҵ±ζûȣǼҵ±ζóԡ
ֿ˼ЦʡҸĪسǷչ
⵹ûСԼʲôҵ׶ҸͷţҪ̤ʵãӲ̫ҪȻˤšĿǰ˵ǴȴسҪǿ

±ζʡҸǼҵ±ζسû֪ҳŷںö˻ϲǵ±ζԼҲЩİա
СҸصҾһأǡ·ֹţҶּ±ζҪóԣ۸Ҫ˺üģǲ֪᲻س

س۸߰ɡûȥҲ֪سִַ۶ǱҪߡ
Ҹͷȥ磬ڿջסֹ̫󣬾˷סӣͷһǮéǹõģûãԼȥϴˮ֮ҲԱ
ô󣿡
˵ǸǮĿӣһֱû̫ףֳȥˣ֪ЩƽձīֽͲ˵ˣ׮ԣǷǮһǰǰͻȥ˶ʮӣȥЩسǵģķӸ󡣡

˳˵سǵķ֣Ҹͽ˽ճֿĺ档
سǹӲװ
һ첻ɻû¹ˮûĺȡ

Դһĵ̫ˣסĺá
СССطҪЩ
ֿ۶ӡҸǲسǼʲô£
ȷʵ׮

˵Ҳ棬иͦãеƲˣسǼܱǴûԹġ
ҲѧȴеζȱЩ
Ʋˣݵһպùһգϧþûãͳ¡

˵иˣڵ˷ˣ˶ӣ˰޵éûס賿ûˣ¶ֵúܴ󣬻š
Ȼأš
Ҹ˵ܼݣҲûãǻǮϰ屻˰ӣȻ˵ϰ˵̫أûǮβѷݸˣƲҲһˡ

ãǻĪҪسȥĺã̫ˡּҲƵ飬Һù÷Ӧ죬ҪȻֻ¾ûּ±ζˡ
ֿЦЦȥҲûǲġ˶٣˵סҲͦõġ

ֵʹһ䣬ҪҪسȥ
Ҫѧɣ
Ҹͷ
ǲǵ¹͸ˣֿѰ˼š
ٿҸƺǺüһȥͷûʲôƵһ
˵չ黹ҪȥسǵģҲգأѰš
ãġ

³ι˻Ҫسȥһȥһ²ܻˡ
뿪ǰȥּҡ
Ⱦ붫ҵлֻһʱѲ
ֿ٩˸ҺģҶٽ˸
˵Цˡ
⣬ҲûˣһŶ飬ҲŵԸֿûס
ι˻ǺЦţӦáϸ׺ãͷտһˡ
ʲôڵ㾡ܷģиʲô£˵ͳɡ
߶һι˻Ҹ˵˻Ự˳ţҲ֪æʲô

໨ʱ򣬼ŮЦǺϲ£ӴҲ֪ڸɶ
ϲ£
ûûС໨֡أ
ֿӺԺأɩˡ
԰ϲ
ôˣ
ɲǸˣҸ˵żҴֱ˻ˣˣǲ֪жжżҶûţֻиͯŮԲˣźôҲиͯŻǰѹ޽żңôţżҲˣΪûʲôױЦˣżһŮûױҲԸƸ񣬿Ƕˡ
ֿʡżҸɶƸ񣿡
ɶָżҶɿһɳأûϣǮ˵ֻӣǶˡ
żȷʵ˵㡣
ɲǣ̫ˣŮҲ⣬żҲԣˡżһأؿͯ»ضܿţܱߴӶڿǼЦҲǰЩż̫˲˵ۡ
ֿϲ̵شɩѵûͽȥɣ
ûûУҿû˵żҵĻֻһѣ͵һ֡
ɩöԡ

ڴøǰ˵һͨ໨ԽļˣȥʱʡҪҪȥڴûʲôлˡ
ȥҪڵɻ
аɣúøɻ͵

ǰŲҴɩֿתҪԺæʱͼ¶˵Ȧ졣
ֹѸ
ƹûˡֿţҲûЦֻƽĿ¶ˡ
ǲǺܵ⣿رҸûţܸ˰ɣ
ʲôø˺õģ翼ûɶϵô¶ίҷŻأ
ŰɣҸ϶ῼţ껰͡ˣ
ֿеɺͷԣ˦˦ԴԺɻĺܣûƽЩ顣

죬ֿһ˿֪˰¶ԭˡ
˸ֳ˸ʹѾߣνʹѾߣͬһשҪᣬһûͣЪ絽ȫǻ
Һլ£ҲʹѾߡ

£Щƫߡ
±ζ˯ǰޣðҹҪȻЩζһĳԲҲŲţֿȴ̡
죬˯ʼ˯

ʱ˯ʱ
ʱڵʱ콫ڲŸոսҹǺ˵ġ
ֿ̫ϰߣ죬Ҳסˣʱûֻ֮ģҪȻӰٷְٵ

ĸ磬ɽҲ磬ؽԺæ
˿˿±ζԹ緹˽˽ֵķݴȥ±ζŽ̨æЩ飬ֵҲˣæµֳʵһ죬ʼˡ

رȣҲûӴ
ҲЩûֿＸסֵе᲻öֺ֡ء
úˮؼңιţԽԽˡӳŶҲϲĺܡ

ĸǸ׵ģŮֻСŲס£ӵֻ˿ʮ죬ӣǰûӵģʮ죬˵ǼҸˡ
ӹûɶ£æǰæʰ飬Ůտš
ֿ֪ôŮקŴŮǻûؼңȥҷ飬ⲻ

˵Ůӣúã
ֿ뷨ôŮһµӣŮ˲Ը⣬Ҳûӡ
ȥչ˰ɣ֮ǰŮ޶ʱǶŮԸǮڴŮǮ֪ã֪ҲʲôҪǴŮԼԸ⡣
аɣȥɡ

ŮɫܺþҲܺãֿ͸ˣͬʱҲ䡣ˣ緹źȥռãŰѰҪǮͷһȥġ
õİҾͦõġ
Уҵģֲʲôʱ䡣
ðɡ

ι˻ˣһ죬һӦ꣬ʹڼϸףȥ˵ˡ
ʱȴּ±ζҸ˵Ż˳ʶ֡

в˼Źּ±ζŹ뿪Ǿӿּǡ
СƹŹϵ˺ã
˵ŹСƹ񵱹ԭô°
˵ɵǻ֪Źӻּ±ζ£Źѵûˣô᲻
˵ʲôĶС

ֿ˵ңкöҹȥɻĹǮرߣߵĶЩˡ
ûӦɣ
֪ͼҸ磬ҲӦġ˵ЦǶá
ֿ롣ǸгϢģ֪߶ԶԽԽгϢָ飬ǧҪסģĪۡ
֪ģҸ鲻ףҲĺȡ
ѵõ˵˻ѵĻֿСͷŶأǸܲСϧԼҶӱûϣҲ֪ɶʱܿϡ

ũæĵ±ζ⿪ʼ±ĸá
ȥľڣֿǰ׼أҲؾͿһͷɱȫûȥæҡ
ãֿͲͷĵֻ±æ

ûӣũæʱҲæĽŲմأһ˺޲ĸá
˵ӣж٣æΨһеõģǲöոɻæҲЪȼھȹ̶

ãǮҲ࣬ҸʣļҵףĸסҪҪٿӣϴиӲ

ҲҪҪ򣿻ţ£Ҹ˵˸Ժ
ֿĥš˸Ժ룬æİɡ
ҲУҲżӼ۸еߣֵ̫һʱӦȥ

¹ũæû꣬˳꣬ȵһ¼ˬҪ˺ܶࡣ
죬٣Ҳ˼֡
Ц˵͸оþúþûôɹˡ
ǰӦš

ֿҸ·ݵʣ˳µĴ
ôǮˣ㲻֪һһֿС⡣
ֹӵ룬а˲լӣɽﻻȵȣԺǴ´ˡ
УǾٿ꣡




93.  93ǧ   ССƹ

Ҹɳ©, ʱܡȥ˵
أǵðɡ
ˡҸֽɡ
ֵֿ۸Щʱͱ, ǲż
á

ڳæ˾䡣Ҹأ
иֵܼܸ, ϴдҪ, ȥۡ
ǲǽβսǸӣ
ֿӡҲ֪
һİ, ۸˵øߣһֱûȥ˵, ֵӺͺԺҲλò̫ã⣬¹˭, ¹ʲôǺòˣҲ˹ˡ
¶
ӵͷ, ѹɤ, Щɻ䡣üǰլӳ¶Դ֮, ǰӾ, ֪ϸĶ򡣡

ʲô£
˵ҡҡͷһеС˺᷿˵СүңүլԺ, Ҳ֪滹Ǽ١
ֿګˡȻҪסŪ˸ӵլӣۡ
СԼҪģ˸֬ӡ
ֵܼе㲻̫װֹֿ˾䡣
ЦЦûнӻ

Ҹһݣɡûպ, ֿûӣ
ûУȥһñˡ
ûá
ĸһңҸЩͷԡ㲻򣿡ŽžͱţΪرҪӡ
˵£̫áֿ˵Ļ̵Ľ˽ֵֵܼܣɵõĵ㡣
ҸӦ˾á

ӱˣֵ˳İɡ
Ҹءô˵ˣǴسǹġ
סˣ˳ɶ֪ӵè壬ҲñҲգմֵġ
ԺҪɵɶ¶úʹкҪȻײȿȥ
е㲻˼¾ʱǣ֪һ˵

ûţǮʹ¡
ڿ±ζֿ꣬ǿп޵̬ûҲûɶʧġ
Ҹеϧ

½½꣬ҸæùѰ˼ź˸ţɽ
Ͳó£ڼίʵû

໨ҸЦ۾г죬кݡҸˡ
ͷǽƵſߣЦҸȥĶͷ
үθڿɺãԵû
úúãá
໨ĶŽûæŹã˱ϿԳһ棬һ뷹һϳԵٵ㣬θںܲģʱʱ߶ţ˵ӹԽԽá

߶߶˵˻ӻ໨֪ҪţҴͷȥ
ɻ˳˵ˣʱŻ塣
ҸԶͿʼš

֪Ҹ׼ɽ˶ʱͼˡ
ңҲȥ
ҲҪȥ
ߴߴţԶ໨ﱦȫ˸ʲôҸ
Ҹɽ
໨͵ɲɡ
ĲˣũæչЩ£еڣȫæĹ
ɽҲͼʱ䡣
˳һһ˵

ﱦȫ᲻鷳
⵹ᣬ˳Ҫһȥ֡
Уһȥɡͬ⣬ﱦȫҲӦˡ
ȡ໨ֹɽ·ߣӹǲҸʲôְ
Ц˵ӹǲ׳͸Ҫܡ

ҸʲôʱӦˣﲻͬҲûɡ˳ֱص㡣
ͳ
Һ͵ܵһ͸Ҹһȥ
Ҹ˾䡣ʰ
ھȥ˫̥һǰһȥ

໨İš
ͷҸڣʲô¡
Ϲġ˵ţﱦȫԸЦ

ֵóźü죬ֿ׼Ÿ
û꣬Ӧò꣬Ƕ
Ҹţ˳ں棬سʯ
ֿվſڣ˺þúþãӰ˲תԺȥ
ϣȴʯĽַסˡСƹҪأ
ǰ
ȥʲôʱƹСƹҲ˰ɣû˵ϱأ
ֿЦЦصûԵɡ
¶ƹţСƹҸɶϱƽû¶ҲѰѰš

ɤӺңǰ
ϾֿӦţŽַЦЦҵæȥˡ
ƹðˣƹûҸӵ뷨
ɶֿ⻰ʵĽһģˤˡ
ɶ˼ģţƹ㻹أҲҸ
ֿװûϽǰȥ

ǰڣʲô¶
Ǹģұ´ӽŹϣСֹ˾䡣
ֿЦЦ

ƹ񡣡źԺСűž죬һ
ӸͷĻŴ򿪡
ƹ𣿸±⡣
ԵȻֿĴǰ˰±ʯĽַ
ַ±ҲûߡƹСƹɲӴ
ôˣֿЦʡҲء
ǲڴɼҵģ
ǵġ
ַüͷڴɼҵҲ̫ˣƹô£ڶɼиŮʮӦüɣӽССЦأأܰ׾һС
Ŷ֪֪ݵôϸֿеӡ
ССƹ񣬼иĸҲ⣬ҹַ̽Цһź
ֿ¡⣬ҶճţúüܻһʱģڼңҲ̫˵վҪףһӵĴ£ܵ˼
ôַͬżģǺƹ˵СƹҲǸ˼¶Ϳϸϸ˵˵һСƹСƹûϣҲûϵ͵û˵
ãҶҺ˵˵¡
УأʯģߣڶұҼңҷ

ҵ뿪ӹţĥ˻ᣬſڡңڶɼҵĹŮƺء
ϵã
˵ڼϴ־ӪŸΪڴʱţڼӴ˶ӣҲڶɣҲǹ¶С깦򣬾ָ̻ˡ˵ҲЦڶɼһŮŮСһӡ
ڼҷּû
ûûУĸڵĻһ㶼ٷּҡ
ֿʡڶɵӣӦó˰ɣ
ˣأû˭˵˺ӣܶûӰɣҲ˵
ڼٶסʯ
롣ǣڶһסϴ֣ҲǴԺӵġ




94.  94ºۼ   Уż緹

ڼôˣ˰ض, ˾䡣˵ϴֿڼ𣿡
ֿҲ֪
ƹ˵ģڼҸĹ±ζһҪ, лعƹƼ, ˵ڼҿž, ±ζǷŵġ˵, ʡãڼ¶
ûû, ˵˵ֿ˾䡣ǸС±ζ𣿡
С룬ֵͷҡͷҲȫǣСǺһḾһģذɡ

ƽ, ǰӶţֿͷ˲Żȥۡ
ǰиɶ¶ϸϸص, ޹ؽҪ, Ȼ⡣
Ž̸ַ̽˵ڼ, ܻܾúܾò֪ڼҾ±ζ¡
Ҫ˵Ҳ, ֿѰ˼šҸûкС˵
˵е¡˵ɶҸٳǰãǲʲô£
ֿЦЦˡ
Ҹ˵ɲŮò, ǰţٳ֡
ˣڼҵСŮôҸģ

ǰЩګء
ʲôšüͷе㵣ǡ
ȥˮʱ, ͹˵ܾ˵ֵֹġûףµû⣬ͼ̵ĺ˵˵
꣬˼еףǳǳЦʲô֣˸˵ڼҹŮɡ˶٣ֵصٶҵĻءĲ͸Ź˵ζ

Ȼ򣡡ҸĻ£ҹզ֧֧ģСﳤͦÿЦģͦء
ܺã
Ҿôһ˵òõģ˵˲㣬ÿúҸءЦһء
ľãҸ׹ӵĻҲˣûϰʮ¶ѵü˵һ仰

ü͸ͷԼ׾ϸָ˵һͬٶҺڼҡ
˵׼ֵ˵Żѹûע⵽ҹúٹҸ£˵ҸҸԸģӲܹ̹˳ҳŰɣ⵵£˳ҪҸɽ
ŨŨɻ󡣡ٶҵʲôĹ
šüͷҲ֣Ҳ˺üҸ̫⣬һ꣬Ҳв˵ҲûʲôӰûԵɣҹþͳ⻰ϣżĲУˡ߰˻˰ɣҲûɶ

СǰֹţֿںͷԺæҲֹţ˵ĶҸ
ɽҸţϣɤӴߺﻻճƷ񡭡硱û꣬һ硣
ˣ˾䣬еšɡ
ûû硱ִ˸硣
£˳Ͱ˹ˣ
ûУǱеҸ¡ûˣճƷ֣ΰǴչľ߼ӦоУճƷ

һΣô
Ҹɽ£С
֪գæϸȥǲ˵ò
ȥţ

ϸţǰҿɶ۾ţ
ԣж
֪ˣúù㿴վգǮΣва
ҸЦСȿţԵҪû

ִֵĿۡ
˳˸Žһһ
ҸкϸˡҪ𣿡
ܻͻﻹеϸֺǺǵЦҲ㣬ôչ޶治ܻٶĿţЦ۾гǻ𣿳ɻղձģأʳأһɽװܽɽͷˡ

ɽʱˣĻҸº͵ϸ˵
˳ܻٶأϸ˸߸˵ѡţѡõҪʲɽϡﻹʣ˵Ӱɣһϸ˻ȥ

û죬ꡣ
ֿӣҸǳŵĵ죬ûƻɾ˵׼ˡ
鷳߶

ȻҲ뵽ˡٶӦûɣҪҪǰ
һҲãһ룬ŵǽȥֿ˵緹ҪҲء
é⻰¡ٶҽ
أֿЦЦ⺢Ӱĺܣѵʲôӣ˸Ҳ⼸أ˵ܽҸʶ֡
˵Ҹι˻ʶ֣££ʵҲû೤ʱ䣬Ҹӻ⣬ֻҪι˻̵
ʮء

˵䣬ǰ˵ãҸǻˡ
ͻˣֿ첽ǰȥʪûӿЩϽˮ˵ǻء
ҸĨ˰ϵˮҲǸɣҪģ꣬ﲻԶԾ͵顣
ţϵʲͲʵʵ궼ûܵĸˣܵøƵġ

˻˲ٶһһᡣ
ӺԱ߰æֿǰӵ⣬Ҹĸϴ軻ѡ
һһڵĺǽ

æˣǼСҸ¿룬˵˾䡣¾æ£û¾Ъȥ
˳ЦЦؽӻЪȥЩۻͺá˵Ż۾鰡飬Цһá
ţϵʲ˵Ҫȥ
ֿۿҪ緹緹ٻȥҲɣ˵Ҹţ壬һȥãĺܡ
ҳʱеԣûʲô񣬲֪ЩûУûʲôȥռÿ
Ҹһȥֿӡ
ҸͷҪһȥģ˳ᡣ
С
ð
˫̥Ͳء

ͿִҴææĸţʯ뿪ûסСֹ˾䡣ͷʪء
ɶ˵ɶ̫Сû壬ִսЩ
ûûʲô꣬µҲ̫ʱˡЦЦ
⻰һͷˮꡣ

죬ҲӲס˳Ҫȥ߿ġ
ֿûţҪȥ䣬Եǽȥ˽֡
ֵû˵Ӧˣźǽֵֵߵĳӡ

Ҫ緹ʱҸˣǣŸСޣĶӸ
ûʲôθڣûôԷ˵˾䣬Щġ
ֿ§ŸۣĶͷ˵˻ӻУż緹ȥռðɡ




95. [] 95ºÿ   СﳤúãЦġ

վڳſڳ۸, ʡθڲأ
šֿͷü΢΢𡣡ûȣҲ, ûʲô
СӼҼұͳθ, ͲǴ˳Է, 嵭Щôܲܳ¡
ֿͷءҳС

ֿպ, 㹻ģСг, رɿڡ
ڣθڳˣС˶ԵЩУ쳤ŲӹҪڴڵĳ, డĺܣ͵һι
￴, ϴһ, ۿЩ졣
ʲô׵ģûɶë, ʧθڶ, ϱϸЩչţô첻ãѺӸģ˵, 㲻ϣֻûİˡ

ЩûôʳֿҲҶιʢ˰, СṦˡ
Ұ죬ԡ
ӵԴѹɤĺšȻٳԣﻹŰ࣬һٸԡ
ҪԣСЩûôԷţճͣ졣ҶݵС֣Ÿ׵䣬ССͰ͡
￴ֿۣӵ˶Щˡ

ռûʹԣͰʣµιԣУȴתתٻԡ
ֺǺǵЦܵء
Ҵȥռá
Ҹһȥ
ߣ࣬ͰͶֿϹá
ԡֿЦЦڹأͿԳˡ

緹ûãЩ緹ϳٵģûʼأʶܲ
Ҹǰ棬ǣŶӣһͼˣŴкҸЦһһӦ
ڼҹһεҸʱֵǱ˰㣬˲İǵ٩ٶһּСɣֱҸǻһŮ

ҸദʱΪ˽⣬ɫ΢æļҹſ
ϴڼҾڶɼҵģϵ±ζأҸ̫֪ܲ£ҽҸ̸׮⣬֪Ҹûпա
Եȡ԰գҸԺȥ
ܿ죬ֿˣЦӯӯ˵Żһźڼҹﰡϵ˵Уȥ
ӡڹϲӦţҸ߹ʱЦЦ

ҸŸճӣ±ζĹ˿Ǽ˶ڳСֹ
ڼҹĪּСˣһҸÿ𡭡
δ˵꣬ͱԱһ˴ϣĵ˵ڼҹиĸž¶ЦСܵ׵ƹҲºͺ˵׻˵ֲЦˣɲͽ
⻰˵е
С￴ſûʲôᣬûأڶӾ¶⣿
Ͳ֪˰ɣڼҾڴ͹Ŵ󼪣ͷ˵ڶӸ̻ģʵ򰡣ͷڼСͷһݹͣСûʲôᣬĻ⡣
ӴûЩˡ
һֱ˵ڶɼӶԭôһ¡

⣬ʵϸϸ˵ͷϵĶȴһ㶼
æĲ࣬ûʲôʱȥСʱ˰ɣԲڼҹ
˵Աߵ
ʲô
ɻ˫ۣĬ£Сûء
Ӧûô̸װɣõģҹأᱻƭġ
һ㶼ûбοЩ΢΢٣ԥ£ֹǰҲ̸⣬Ǻ̸ܿףڼҹ᲻˵İ㡭ٶ˼֧˵꣬æͷŵĽ˫֡
ס񡣡⣬˵׼ǰڼҺ̽ҲԣСҼҵģӦòôĵӰɣԸ̽أԲ۾úܲ˼顣
ҳһŵЩˡ᲻ǺͶлҳأ
ܡµһٷе㿪ϣȴû˵ʲôֻȥغǰӡ
⻰¶ǳǳЦͷӦá
̽ζⷴӦ¶ʱˣЩϲЩǿľͷƫƫĻ£ôԸ

ȥʱÿڼҹݣ۹ãüۺЦʲôڼҹҲһźģһ̣Щɵͷ
á뿪ಽĸ˺Ժǰûɶ⣬㹻ڼҹ̸ʲô⣿̸ûûм˵ôõĻءĺ棬ʵС˼صúܺá

ֿϵЦص£Լ˱ˮҡҡͷû̸ףС˱ɫ
ɶ˼Ϳˡ˵ôõĻû̸أ
ڼС˵ԲЦӯӯҲ̫ðѻ˵ֻһЩ顣ֿЦЦǸˣöҵ˼ĩˣָ̾˾䡣СǸءϳҵҪǿϲ٣ҺǴԽģִҲмʶͳʶһĻҪס

Űֹ⻰ͦڼҹô־ùò̫ϲأã㻹ǲǵǰڼ̽¶
ǵáֿһҸ˼ɡ
ãڼҹ˵ôỰôҸ𣿡
ɲ˵
еˣЦǣҵľҸĻأûµù߶һء
ҴɩĲľֿ̿

ŲɵĻصǰſĵأмȲĿ
ҹûϻҸ˼û˵̫˶٣ѹɤӵ˵ʵڻ㣬̫ţ̫Ҹˣһ½˵ɣȻ˼ͱôţôеȽɣұľͷƵģ֪Ҫô˵ˣҲ֪˵⻰ǶԻǲԡ

˵ŻأͼҸ︸ӽӡ
ĶĴ֣ȻЦӭȥʡ򸣸ô
ô˵ģƽʱǲ˵ģţ˻˵Ҳʹŵϸϸ˾䡣
Ҫ˵຦ڣҲǣϾҪǰأڣżҲú͹˿Ǵ򽻵һȥʱվЩЩıġ

ûʲô⣬ǰʲôЩʧ˳θﲻ̫˵Ļ˵ҩӣ죬Щܺá
¸Դûʲô¾ͺá
˵껰Ժȥǰӡ
ŵֻʱյСոǰ㣬Щ˵򽻵лҸϤ㡣
ţ֪ˡס֣ЦãСﳤúãЦʱ򣬿ǺÿˣЩˡ




96.  96   Ҿܺ

ڹİССڵι, ׼Ӽȥ
ż죬Ҳ˲
ʱϸϸʹù, ôాĺóֿθ, ȡ

һ, ߽, ͻȻ˵ãǲǸûؼҺ˵ܹܴ㣿С, ࿴ŵģҲ
ȥ˵һҲУעִ̫˾ͺáֿҲ, ¹˲üտúӣҸ϶᲻̤ʵ
ȥˡ

Ҫ, ǰ⿿һѹ֧Ӧס, ֿҸ˵, š
Ҹںͷæ, ֿǰȥ

ʱţͼҴææ
ͻˣ
û£˵껰Ҿͻˡ֪Ҹ϶ǰ

šﶼðɣֿҲһûҿϸס
أÿġ˵, ֵȥ֡
ֿЦˣȥɣǰ濴ӡ

ЦЦش˹ȥ
ۣ¶ǳǳЦŻء
ֽҴвס, Ĺá
û⣬Сϸϸ௵˵Ļ

ҸӺͷƼˣüЦĴкأ
ٶҡ̧ͷЦЦüͣƼ˴΢֦
е³ȥһˡ
ǿľͷֹ˾䡣

Ҹȥûֻˡ
ǡʱҼһŷˣŨķ㣬ȻҲܺãֵĽ
ȥҸæ߹ȥ֡

Ӷ±ζЦźٶֻ˺ͷ
ٶһˣǰš
Ѱ˼Ҳûˡ

ͽַȣּҵķʳܻԵñЩû취ǡǳԷʱõġ
淹˰ǰ˽˳ĻȳҲ嵭˲١
ԳԷˡ
ҿӣȥԷ
ȻûʲôˣҲš

Ҹǰ棬һǰһԺӡ
һƹȥ£ȻЦЦȴû˵ʲôˣɲŮòһԶϧٶû˼Ҳû

ι˻سǻŽӣĺк
ܿ죬Ҳ֪Źˡ

Ҹܺĺ˵˾仰ˣҪţЩ
ǣҸٶĻ
Ҳ㡣Ҹ£Ž˵㻹Щȥ£ҪسǸϸʫᡣ
Це𣺡ٶҵģȥͶ˵͵üۣѿ͸ֽεĻá

Ҹ֪úÿܲͲܲ˵Ͳ˵
׵ĺܣﳤ̫á
£һû񣬻С
ǵЦüۣ

ϲϲػ˼ҡ
硣
ʲôôˣι˻е⣬Сԣȴ֡
Ц˵ȴǡ

磬ٶ˵Ҫسǣ
س£ǳջǡι˻ǲСú͸ס
Ŷ˻ᣬȥ
ι˻СϸӰĿ΢СѾͷ϶£ֹҴţǰˣСϷţЦ

Թʰ޺ó顣
ɫ΢΢վ£ԥ־ȥ
ι˻ûϰ鱾;ţſڣü۴ЦδЦ

硣
˯
С鲽һߵԣŲ˰£磬ûأ۵˫ֽĽš
е˼·׼дι˻ⶺ£ôˣû¾Ϣ˻ļߣҲ᲻ãܿˣҿ϶ǹ

ҡҵȻ£ź죬ȴû˵ڣʹԴ׾СһƬߺ졣
Ҫô˵ڣ
ԽԽ÷ܿ죬к˳üۻ¡

ϣػ˺ι˻ЩΣʲôݵģ
ǱֳĻˣڹ͵̧ͷֳ磬ңҸô
ΪԼܴʵϸš

Ҹι˻΢΢üҲ⣬СãĬ˻᣺ҸȷʵٻûУǳԴˣ
Ҿܺá
ι˻СõķҲܺãܺףҲ̤ʵּ˵Ʒԣŵùֵиɾͣ಻˼ɡ




97.  97̸   ̬͸ż

, ڳ˯С
ι˻߳ţӳŶȥ

ʱ磬ֵԵĵп, ѵÿ߶
Źȥ
ߡ
Ǹʳ, 飺Źûʳգ⽣
, ˲⡣
Ц, תæֱߵ顣

СŵӴҴææŹ, æͣ½ŲֺǺǵкš
ι˻ЦŻӦһźüۺÿʡ

һ·ͣͣ, Ƭ̹͵ּ±ζǰ
δȴŨ±ĿĹˡ
ι˻š
ܿ, ˴˰, ƼվŵˣʱЦǹ˸, Ǿòſ˰Ų׵, ٲȣôҲŹӽ

æι˻ЦֹҸ𣿡
ҸǰɣľˣںŻ, ȥ˸
ãҸ˵
ɣͺȥ

ɽԺܱߺҸ, ˸˵ſڡ
磿û緹ɣزֿЩګƣ룬°ɣҸȥǵúһ緹
ɵͷߡ

ǳȥߡ
Ҳûʲô£ֻŤͷﺰҺ͹˸һˣȻ緹
Уء

ɫĽֵ˼ʻ
ι˻˹ĳȥĬĬظţӱߣܰ峿ĺӷе⡣

ô
䲻ľðôʻ£е㷴Ӧ۹˸
ι˻ɫüĿЦЦ

ǸܺõĹĬ죬ɺĻ˾䡣
ûʲô뷨
ⲻǱˣ׸磬ʦѵֵܣɺ̹ȻûвҴţͷҡͷ֪Ҫôش

ι˻û˵˺棬ǾˮµֻȽϵƤԾ棬һֻص˺
죬׼μԣо١ΨһŲµı£ԼĻۡڶĵı㣬ֻǲ֪ûд˷˼

»סɵ׻¶˵Լ˼
ι˻ţЦļ򣺡ҸǰҸĶˣ̾һֱѰ˼Ļ£ôһãĸǰǧ㶣ҳһӵĴ£뱲ܹܲúãͿûˣѡзҡ
ཻãֲҲϤּʲô飬ҲȻּܽң̤ʵӱȻ򵥵ʣҲõġ

ײС£ÿô롣Ҫ˵ɲĶǼٻ
ֻǣ˼ȵסڻϲȵӣڵܺãĹﻤסпܸ£ĶǲҪҲա
˵˸һоˣߵøԶҲõĻס˸ֶгǸġ

ι˻Цò紺磬ҸЩҼƤЩʲôӦɺã
Ǹ
¶벻ɣֵܡ
֣סι˻֣һӵĺֵܡ

ԼֳٶһӣЩţƯ۰ͰͶɨֳַɿĵԴ˫ֽţһ黨
ֳ᲻ٶ˵ʲô˵𣿻ΪֳæԸˣػٶһ

˸Ҹˣϳ棬ȥޣԵȻᡣֿЦкȥ
ӸͷĻջ

ι˻鵽Сõ飬ò¶֪ĥʲôߵҸüͷ̬͸żֵƤеˡ
ЦеΣżɲãҪ֪ƽǱ񶼲̫Һӣѹסеϲá




98.  98¸   ҸҲĬĬԡ

Թ緹, ι˻׼ߣȷʵкҪҪæ, ²Ҫġ
ˡСõĶ, Цů紺⡣
ֳþû׽, ۿ΢΢, ˵ʲô, ֲ֪˵ʲôãصصԴģɵĺܡ

ι˻Сʱ, СϲСβͣҲ֡
Сβ, ·ͻȻͳˡ
, ΪԼϲˣվǰ
Сβͳɴ, ´λҵôЩسʱ˵黨ӡ˵, ι˻Ц֬Ҳôһл
⣬˲ʧ˸ɾһһתٿԼֳ, ȴǺͨͨȵЩ֡

ҸӺԺι˻ûٶСãˡ
ĽŲһԶ, ϽŤͷ硣
϶͵
ţسǣҲҪЩ¹˺Լ
ι˻ӻӦˡ

Ҫʱ·Ҹӡ
ϲҵ̶⣬ܻϲԱģֻûǮ򡣡ι˻˵ţȴûߵ˼һ̶رĻϲԵСʱҲ̶⣬˵ζҵӵ̶񡣡

ҸŹ˸뿪Ӻأ·ӣֿۣۣԥƬ̣߽ӡ
̶⡣
գԵȻС϶͸ơ

ʱ磬˲ࡣ
Ҹ⣬Ÿ߹ȥ㡣ݵǰ
е£ؿ
˸ġҸźۼĽĿԱơ
Ҹģ룬ֳûи̶ˣôͻȻŸ򣿻ҸѲΪ˵Ļֳڡǣߣ
һĥεγ˿˿֬죬ҿҸʹԴԼаװƯָ

ֿ˿ҸȻҸ̶⣬ܾΧ̫Ծ
˸̶⣿
ԡҸصȴЩվס̶ŵԺȥ

ôʲôСֹ˾䣬ֶ̶⣬ã˵Ҫ黨֬Ҿûˡ
ӹ̶⣬ӱ߬Ҹ磬ҸȷʵҺá䣬̬͸

ŵû⣬ֽҲǰ治Զĳ¼Ǹ㣬ζܺá
֪Ҳϲҵ㣬ζü۸Ҳʵݡ
ȥԺҲ룬ֳŬٶǣߣԼҲðסС
ͷȥɡ

ң
ֿӶֺǺǵЦ
̶˹ȥ¶ЦݣҸģҺҲ
ڳ¼İɡһ۾ƳˣӰ¼ǵĸóԡ
ֿҲҲϲ¼ǵĸ㣬˸ء

˵˻ӻ׻ûסٶ𣿡⻰˵ڣЩĪ飬֡
أֿû⡣
Ҳٶҳ
ӴȤ˾䣺Ե㣬ٶ˵ͷ˲ء

ٶҡվſڣûߡ
̧ͷϣģÿüֱŮ·
ٶң
£ŷԼЩ̫ڡ
ŲҸ̶⣬ٶҳ˶٣˾䣺ˣ˵ζá
Ŷ

ȥø㣬쵽һ룬𣺡ûϴ֡ҴҳݣϴִҴ˻㣬Žﳢ˿ڣͦóԵġ
в١̶⣺ٶϲͶԵﾹǻϲĲС
˵ͦóԣ~~~

ϲԵģԼԡ˵ҸƺЩ̫׵Ͻȣ˸˵ϲҵĸ㣬պ񡣡
ǺϲԡͰ͵Ӧš
ţųԡ
ٶҲ𣿡
ԣԼȥ¼򡣡
Ŷ

صǰӵЩͷԣԼ찡̫ˣ
òײźҸ˵ϻ˵˵žû˵ˡ
죬ôôţ

ҸҲĬĬԼ죬˵
˸ܻûнڿãѵָǰƵģ̧ͷͷҲ
϶ã䵭
ô죿
ͷۡ




99.  99   ϲּǵ緹

ҹ
¶ʰ׵, ֿĸǰϸϸʡ

ҹ⾲ģѼ⡣
˵, Ψ㲦ʱʱ

ֿӵĲ, Ҳû, Լ˼
߷ʱ߲㡣

ӵʲ, Ϊ򵥡
ûãæͷ¡
ֿڷĶ, ¶˿˿ƵЦ⡣

ʲôô档ѵáֿЩ档ͷؼģʧ˻㡣
ҸҸ
źɲŻع, ؿĸף̬¡
˻ᣬĵķ, ɻ󣺡

ʲôô档
ûûʲô
ֿЦЦûʲô⻰ƭԼƭң˵ҲͰ, ûʡʲôƣĸ, ÿ˵˵, òŲҴš

죬ʱϡ
ü΢΢

Ѿˣٹһ飿ֿĵľᣬ㲻ټʡ
û˵, ˼֪ЩƮԶ
ٹһʡֿƶӣʱǰš

ʱɲŷ֣ԼȻˡ
ֵֿʱʡ˸Ƿʱ, ʣЩ˯
ֹá

Ǹϸݲ˿ĺܣʱ̵˲䣬Ŀרע۾
ӵʲӣ̶̲һ̾͹ʡ
ûʲô⡣
ûͺáֿվʱ˯תߡ

ɿĸ׵ıӰ
Ѿݡ
ٶͿˡ

ֿվ£ͷڿȥüͣĿ

ɺã
òã˵˲㣬Ҹúòĺá
ĸ׻˼Ȼɿ죺Ҿܺá

жãֿЦʡ
ȢΪޡ
⺢㿪ˡֿοˣȤ˾䣺ȢɵöŬŬС˶٣ֵȢȢҲÿԸԸ޸㡣

¶ЦҸô죿·Ǿûû˵ӶǣϵľȣҲ֪Ҫô˵ʵʣҪôܺദ
⻰δЩЩ

һ£ʱض˵Ϳ᲻һ˵û˵Ҳһ˵Ƥź㣬̫ࡣǲϲĿʹڨ˵ǲ㣬Ǻ£ŬŬ˵Ϳ㡣
ɺܿգҸ˵Щʲôͬʱе㰵ϲƺ

¶ɰﲻ㡣ϲȢΪޡϲһˣͷ˵ʲôʲô£˽̣ȻȻѧᣬ˿ûġֶֿӵĸ顣
ϲһˣٱٴ鷺ʱ򣬻Լصķ׷ǵĹ
ǽ̲ģ̳׷ܹ鲻Լģ˼ġ

ú롣ֿĶӵļ򣺡Ȣѵ˼ôУදԣҵĶһ㶼
ɿĸףеΣﲻȢϱ
ԼĶӣ
ĸůĿ⣬Цˡ

峿
ɺĸ˵˼š

峿Ľֵ̻ܰûӪҵûˡ
ɴţ˶ֹսԱߵӣӳȥǸֵûš
߹СţҪԶȥӿڳһӰӯƸƸ


ٶҡǲ졣
ٶô
ɿӣĬ죬ű˾䣺簡
磬簡

վû룬˵ʲôá
ٶңʺšٶûߣҲߣֲҿʣֻɵ㶵ĸվӿڡ

緹𣿡䣬ż㣬ɵ˾䡣
ûС
Եʲô
ٶңû˵
Ҳû緹ɱޱ˵˾䡣
֣󱳣ʵ˲亹

ңҳʲôáر졣
ܽţЩˡ
ٶǣģ
ٶûг緹
ÿն׼緹ٶ˰ɡ
Ͻͷӵٶңеɵءôģȴ̵ء

żǵİӺܺóԣӣζرãҵĶҲ㡣
ٶҺϲԣ
ɺܳʵĻ˾䣺Ҳ㣬ϲԼİӡ˶٣˵ķˣǱҪóԡ
죬Цü䣬ʲôҲû˵ȥ

ҪСţЦɲŻҴ׷ȥżӵұߡ
ϲּǵ緹ƤĻ˾䣬ǳҫۡ




100.  100   㲻㲻

ʱ, ǰӻδš
ƽԺСš

֨һ죬ľųȡ
, 簡ֺǺǵЦŴк
, ҲЦź, Ŀ, ˻ᣬû˽, £ʣأûһǲʲô¶
Ǻһġ

ֿĻЦƵؽ˳, æ緹
ҹʱٶһءʵʵ˵¶Ц, Ȼ߾ӱߣ, 緹ɶ֡

ֿæ緹
Ժ˰, գգ۾, Ц
Ҹǿˣ
һʱϲһ߸ߣü˺Ӱá

ɺʱ緹Ѿһ, ʣûгԡ

ڹţ˵̶ֿ˾䣬ŲҴҵس˼š
Ӻǰޡ
Ժֻɺˡ

ҸǳǳЦţ緹ǰӡ
šԼ
㹻
ɼӸ, Ҩ̶ŷŵǰ
ڶġּһӣ¶ͷڶЦţü䣺ٶҵڣر㡣
ɿü룬˰ĸ㡣

һʱͷڣɺܸˣи˰ԡ
ѾʼССڳԵڶӵİӣֿ˸߲ҵҸԥǽӹ˰һֵ˰Сҳӣ㹻һ֣ҧء

ɿһۣĶ˼˵ϲڶİӣܸܲң

ո˵Ӿ㹻
㶣ӻججô˹ȥҸӹҧһڣ˲ѣ׾ͨͨ뾽ȡ
ҧڵ

㣬İóԣ³һԡ
ڴڳԵĺ㡣
İӣĸóԡ
˵Ϊʲôǳ˻ԣ˻ԣѹͣ졣

ٶңһһĳŰӡ
θá
İóԣое٣񻹿ٳһ
ûȥãѾ㹻ˣٳԣ֡
ĵ룬ɲ֡
ţٶôܳԣϲһĹﻹһĹ
ҪȻٳһӰɡ

⣬ǸɷΪڿİӣҿû˰ߵ̨ԣ￴ȥסˡ
ӡûˡ
ʮӾûˣǡ
ɵͷ˿İӣһ߸
ţоθеţŵеܡ

ôˣܵӣɻ󣬸ջúõġ
ǣûʲôӣԻǲԣ

̫ˣʣֲʡոˣٶҲû˵ǲ˵ɡ
еʧ䡣
ôͻȻͲ̫ˣ
ûʲô£ȥǰæˡ
ȥɡɷɿӦ˾䡣ˣͿԲӲͷƤپ˿

ָˣ
ûô룬òһ㡣
ٶҵʲôſڣ·˵緹£һ²һָˡ
㲻㲻

ˣҲûҸͷĬĬس˳
Ҹûз֣ΪעڰϣǰӣѸٽӳ˴⣬껵£¿˿ûˣЦЦҲ˳




101.  101   ֪ĥʲôʱء

û, ò׵˵УԱߵ
ߵͷؿء

緹ûԱüŪۣӦ, ҹ˲ٰ, һ׼Ҹԡ˵, ѹɤСʣôҸһŲſġ

Ҹ
üչ, ΢΢ܿ˴
̬Ǿᡣ
ӿڿٶҡ

ӿڣ
ͷ
ûвҴ, ˼ˡʵʹ֪Ҹӿڵ
Ǽϡ¶Ҹ粻ɻͰͶӿڵ㡭Цشս, զģ

ңҡձ죬ʹô롣
̫, һ, ϲõЦҲ֮ʧôˣҸվʣû, ӺԺ, һֱأҸˣ

ûУϽɿֹ˵, Һٶܳʲô졣
û죬ΪʲôͻȻˣǻԺҼüãŲҪɡ

, ֲ˵ˡ
ı
һ۾Ϳˣٶأ

ͷʲôüͷšôʲô˵£˵˵ܶ࣬˵Իزס£ʲô˵ʲôɣĶҲﺰȥ񼦵ǻļǼֵǮϻǮҽ´򻬣ȫˤˡ
˵˵

Ĳţ˻ᣬ˼Ҳƽ

˵𾢡
ͷЦЦü䣺áֱ˱ļ򣺡˵ٶ𣿡

УȻУ϶Уػش൱նҸ˵Ҹӣͷ㣬ȫܰͰͶӿڵ㡣
ǡ
ʲô˵ʲôʲôʣұ֤ʵʵκ͸¶Ը˵ĳĳ
ĵ٩ϴ£
Һ˵Һ˵ϽװģĴԼ͡

ôһͣԾݵĻҲ˳˵ҲûʲôǽڳúõģҼٶ鲻̫ԣѰ˾䣬ٶҵûʲôȻһǰٶͻȻˡ
Ըʱͦܡ
ʱϸϸ־úܼƽ
ƽϸ֦ĩڣȻ෬ġ
еˡ
ĺٶˡ
Ҳ֪ٶô뷨ûԵݣҪ뿪ĺãʡԽԽ

ûףӵĽ
⣬ⶼʲôʲô
㣬㲻˵ԭǣˣصֱʡ

ҡʹ˫ֽĽţʳҲ黨״
죬С˵˾䣺Ҿãٶҿǡ̫ҵദɡ
ôܣҸĲ㵥ദͲͰͶȥӿڵ㡣ɸˣڳ緹׷ʲô£뷨

ʵס
˳ˣڳ緹ʱٶҵĸ벻ˣпܶûϵ
Ϊʲôأ
֪Ҫôڡ
̫ˡ
ҲûʲôϹˡ̵ͷ̧


˵ͲͣҸȥ
ˣ˴öԷƫƫһһ˲ŵ֪ĥʲôʱأ




102.  102   ȥ

ǡ糤ҹ̡
̫ɽ, ɺܼá
СҼһŨķ㡣
ֵּ±ζ, ԺֿҲæµ

·ȥҪЩ
ջ, , ̧ͷ۶, ˲ϸܵĺæͳӣǰЩӻûʲô, ǽգһձһռȣҪ£ƻʮ¡
ûʲôˮɡ
⼸ȷʵûء, ˼񣺡ʲôʱ³ܼɿЩ
ֿõĲõʢã˰Ӧû꣬˵Ҳܣҵϲ, зů, ̫ˣûӿֻܿతš
ɲôһ¡

, պû˻û, Ѿ
ֿŤͷ˾䣺ˣǰæˣ
±ζòͲһ㣬أҹҪҪ֡˵, ݣȡãѣҲ, ЪЪֽĴϴˮ
ɣ˾ͽ

ֿϴ˰˿׿˵㡣
򿪳ꡣ
˽ҡŶ˲ˡ

ûýɽҲˡ
һԺͺĸﺰޱȻǡ
ˣϴǳԷ
õ˶Ҹûء
ҺʹʱҸеҪȥܼңһͻž˵꣬Ѿߣŷʢķˣֱ֣㡣Ϊôˡ
ֿЦӶǾȳԡꡣ

һӽ극ɳ١
ֿŵ˵ľܼҳԹˣ
ûС˵˵Щ¶ѡɴˮϴ˰
ȥ
Ȼȳ˷ȴҲҸ㹻ķˡ
áɵˮȥʱԡ˵ŻԱߵȥ
һ£̧ͷٶңգգ۾̫ȷ˾䣺ң
šؼҡ
׾˲Ⱦ˱죬Ĩ֬ÿĽͷû˵

ݴƵ˵˾䣺ҸҰţЩͷ˾Ƴ˵㶫һʱҲֵȣֵȴˬ΢΢紵ء
ȥȥɡֿЦŽӹꡣ

վǰ߰ɡ
ɨŮ˶ЦЦºС
ŵõЩķɡ

˴ԺӺųһǰһƵĳӡ
ԭһ߸ߣ˵ǹĺӣãҸǿˡ
ǰءֿӣʣµͺãɫЩȥ
Ҳûƴǣ

ˣԺֶֻֿ
ϲ̵˵ã꼱ЩӦϲƺȰɣүүҵ֪˲֪жء
Ÿ˵ͷȱ˵
֪˵ҿ϶˵ĵЦҾǺ͹˵߶˵߶
ֿͷţҲߣһʱᡣ
ԶԶԣһһߣɵŵˡЦһֱҸ䣬֮ǰûûҼԸ
ֿȤôˣ
ˣرˣܼ˷ܣ
ԼأûҸʲôĺӣ
Բ۾ô˵˵ž˵ͷˣ
ֿͷ۴ȰҸܳɣͷʣˣȻ˳кӣҲʮ壬Ҳ㰡ҪѰѰ
˵׼ą̃ʰϴȥҪҸʲôģû




103.   103    ࿴


, ûʲô£Ҳ̫æֿȥռá

ռ, λҲ̫, ȴ, ůųĴ, õĹӰ˹̨վڹ̨ҩ, иˣĴ߰

ֶ֣Ψռ, ҩů⡣

ҩ򲮼ֿЦЦ, û˵, һָָ

ֿϤĺ, ͷ¡

, ϸϸѰߵճ飬ºͺ͵ɤԵͳü۴ݲŲæ, ˷ⰲġ

߱еţģһɣشĻ, ߿Ŀİֿ˿ڣУⲡû°ɣһ̯ӣһص̾չüٴν塣

ûû£һСë˵ĺɣñմī˳ʼ⣬ɿдһҩҲݣվڹ̨ææµµ򲮣ӹҩһۣЦŶ˵ʲô±ѹʱҲԺϰ죬ڴ뱲Ӷˣʲô˵ģѹ¶

ϸոϸϸѰʵճ飬⻰ʲôվ𣬵Ӧȣˣ㣬Ǯ

಻࣬ȸץҩ

˱ʣƣЦʣҼǵүӵҩŸòðɡ

ҩֿе㲻˼еء

֣ʲôеʻв裬

ŹĿģֿеŤ֪Ҫôڡ

裬

û㵽⡣

㣬ÿڵ£ŵ٩еĲ裺˵˵ɡ

ǺӣⲻϴСż¶²ѰĥŹи⡣ֿһ·ĹңƽʱڵںԺҲ˵

ۿҸ䣬Ļ£ɲ˳ȻҲøϽޡ

ץҩǮ߳˵ӣֿĻЦһ٣үҪ㵱ý

Ҳô˼ʣûбȽϺĺСʵû취ˡ˵˿ڣ˵˳ˣֿһֱѰţҲ֪ǲԵûѰʵģ

Ҹʲôģ

ʻеüĿֿپϲСͶûʲôӰ˵£һׯũҶɣҪԸúãϾӹӣ˵ǰɡ

ͷĬĬ˼˻ᣬͷ򲮣ҼǵãСӹҪҩ

үǵû˵Żü۴ЦСӵǸѡӺ磬ˡ

ŶֿȾϲˣҲ̫Զ̫Զ˹ңﲻ̤ʵ

Զ·Ҳһʱĸ廹ûʹȿˣĿУ¶ϸۡͷзҩƳ˵

ֿЦŻأУæġ˽˺ԺҲ򲮣ȼȥ

ȥɣǵúˡ

֪ˡ

ϲĹùã£ãȥˣʲô£

òõĵùֿ֪ѹѹĸˡ

Źý˺ԺͱͱԱߵãڸʲô

²ҡͷ˵ҵĻ϶ǡ

Ҳԡ

һת졣

磬ֿ㣬һȥռã֮ǰѣۻƳ㡣

⻰еֹ֣ͷԼϵ·½ǣãͦãòŻմ

ҵľǣϽȥֿûͣŴߴ㣬Ҫȥռá

аɣ˵ʲôʲôתԺȥߵּֿ죬µ˹õ¡

ֶֿŮҴææ·ƣҸеһƴûҵģ̲סѣ㣬һʱᡣ

ݣš

ûãѵ߽˵۵ǳȷʵһ˫۾Բžͼ

ֿ´ţ⣬ǰֶŮеҵͷÿͷСţʮĹң̫أһ仨Ƶͣ͵ƯƯġ

ãǲңԽԽԾü۾衣

ֿЦõļ򣺡ûܺ㲻ɣߣǸȥռˡֳ˵

ЦֱͷԼмֲ²⣬һͷˮЦһ˿˿٩

Ҫ߳ӵˣȴ˵ۿѾԶ˺üֻ˼ͷǰ׷ȥ

ռಮ򣬼ЦЦ

СԼһ͹ˣಮԱָָնĲˮȺԼæˣҶˣͲϹˡ

ڵĹãֿ˿æŴ̵ಮĿ䵽վڹ̨ڵϣʣ򣬽죬ǲʲô£

Сĸ֣ʲôֲɵѾԼЩףΪʲôҪ·

һ֪ˡЦ⡣

䣬ͼһ߸ݵ߽˵ϴŸӣಮҩеƣɫڣȴΪƵӢ֡

ӹ̨߳վߣӹĴӣóһҩϸϸĿţʱʱ䣬⽻̸Щճ飬еɻʻҲд

ֿ˵֪ǸʵӣźۼɵֶŮҲһ˳вСӡ

ߵͨ죬ײΥõ˼ߴ̧ͷʱʱ͵鼸ۣ

עϣûвﻹ͵͵ֻɻǲ̫Щʵĺϸƽҩ˵ᳬ䣬Ƕʮ䡣

ڣ̵еҩͷҩܺãಮǮ

ಮЦӦãǮݸ꣬깪лüЦ뿪˵ӡ

ûʲô̫뷨ƼϲõЦݣһ±ߵ̫죬ſһ۾ûӰţеϧ

ôֿСʡ

£ĵ˵ͷ

ֿ˿Ҳ겻ಮ˵ǣȻؼҡ

Ҫĺãϸ˵⣬һ²ԺæﵽףһýˣзѶǼ棬зҲúãͿӣ޵Ķȡܳס

ҲͲС˸ü˵ʱ򣬽꣬Ҳȷʵͦϲܺ߻ǵͷӦźãĩˣС˵ãлл㡣

ֿԴɵӣ޵ĺãҲ˯Ⱦ




104.  104   

Ԫ, Ǽĵӣ磬ԪԪ, ýСС䡣

Ѿ, ɩȥ괺˶˫̥, ɩĳ˸Сӡ

Ķ, ɽ￪˽ʮĶĻĵأʰ, ƶĻĵسЧе˷ͷ

ĸ念غʵر֡ͷͽӸųӹ, ˣĸТ˳ĽճҲЩԺ, ڵЬȡ

ʲôԣ˼, еС, Ӳһء

ԪǸ, ĸ߳ӢܷԲũСΪ⣬ҲܵСĻϲҾ, ͬص˼ңԪ⣬õģ᲻ù, ¾ôŲϲ¡

˵⣬˺ǳԾǾ˶мܳζûôϸͷӦãһжţʱš

ҲǱԭ򣬾ǺΪˣȻԸ棬ضǻ˼ңҲԼҶãۣϲɺأ

Ը㣬ºܿ³̣һӡ

ֿȥ˳̣ðһǳʺѣͷû˵ʲôҪֿҲԣҪ̫ҡʲôʲôʰʰͺá

ĵطҲûѡ𴦣ҩ

Сʽļһ棬ߴģֿ̿Ц˵գԪƽʱڼﶼЩʲô

ʲôɡ˵껰ĽԪַֿɿĿ۶룬˵Ļܶ࣬ҿˣľʰˡɨԺӣιʳݶݣҩɹҩֲˣĸũæ˵ɬЦЦʱû˿ҲŴ֣ûʲôǮı£һ

ֿЦ˵ҿڿأڿ˲ûԡ

¶ЦС˵гԵģŶӣҲֻҪܺɻͶŶӣֻӿ㡣ֿ˿˲ͷĻģܴʲô¡

ֶŮյһֺòء

лҪ㡣֪ʲôߴͻȻ̧ͷ͸żᶨҸɻҲһѺ֣Ҳ³Կ࣬ǱȽżҼܵӹǲرǿҲ̫ãͿҵһͣҵ˼ǣæԼҵĻҪؼæ

˵ּ꣬Ľ˾䣺Ҳ˵˼ǹ˺üҪ˹˵͵ܵܡ˵޳ȥŮóȥˮвͨұǼˣҲǵŮܵܵĽ㣬һӶǣҪЩ

ֺǺǵ˵⺢е㼱أ˵ԪӰͺܳסǼҲûˣ⻰˵Ǽ˵㣬˵⺢̹ﳨͨ͸Ԫô룿أվ˹йϵȴҲ˵̫ϵദĺã뷨°ȽϺʣӹˡ

ôײС£һӵĴ£֪Ԫʲô뷨أֿ룬̫ˣôֱ㶵İѻ˵һִҲǻô⽨ʱҺûˣҲǿסģҪȻǣ

ԪĬͦãʲô˵Ҿ˵Ļͦԣҵ뷨һ˺ü֮Զ˹Լֵܽܣչ˸ĸТ˳ǱġүүڣЩӦòּңһ˶ӣܻ᲻̫ϰߣʲôȸ˵˵ƺζ˵еڨڨȻЦЦ

μܵ˵Ч˫иȽȷӡûк͵󿴿ء

صңæźԺһѻֿʣô

ţСҪٶ࿴ЦЦĻܼëƤе࣬ʵ˭û㼦ëƤأһסţҾһԺҵ˻᲻ҹҡ

ֿ˿˿꣺һʼ˵ҲͦãܾܽвܽҲǿСҿţҲУǱȽ

ǼۣôرȽټ

ٿɡֿĥţС⻹ͦࡣ

û͵ι˻˸˸ԲҲ죬һֱûʲôĽԪݣһ͵ϵһҡ

߽Ԫֿȥң֮ǰҲͨȻǽҺ⣬Ųþͻý̽һ²ɻ档

Ҿ⺢ͦãǰĶĹȥ̽̽һסŻͦ˵Ǽңһδ޵ãҾòʲôܰɵȥͷһͻˣиأСӶֵܷ£ͦæǰæ󡣡˵Ԫ໨ͦϻеЦͽ񣬺֪أʣҿŰûģ˼ԼģӲžͽʵҸ£ͦͦá

ȫ࣬ϰšüͷ˵ʱչﵭƽûʲôҾҲСĿֿϣôֿ˿Ůأ

ͦġȻ׻࣬ǿˣҲ⽫Ԫ룬һ棬˻񣬾ܵõչüͷ⣬Ӧòȥ

໨һ⻰ֿ˻һסţܻЩİûʲôȥίܲסˣԸԪ˵ĹţǧҴţһţⶼ˵Ļӻզ˵ǲô

ɩ˵öԡ

Ȼû죬ˣͦʽأ˵˵ҵ˼

˫ȶף˳һŮûʲôǼϲ¶ҪҲúͺ߸˵ġ

ȫ໨ʲôҪ󣬶ʵֵӣȥô仰޳ȥŮóȥˮô˵ʮ»ʮ꣬Լϵв˲۵ģĶãŶõŮš

˼Ҫá

˵˼Ҳȷһˮƽֱ˴ˣҺͲء

׮¾üĿھ³ŵף˶ũʱͷûʲô£ȷӣѻºúޡ

Ϊһϲһϲι˻ʱ˽˵ЩգɱףЩĹϵҲܡ

˫ϲѹͷ׮£һ¶䶨ˣֿǸˣӰԽԽˡ

ţ׼ЩʲôأһͷûС

ңҲѽҿأҸŶأţҸٶˡ

Ҳȥ⺢⡣ֿԴЦ̫ˡ

ֹĽӻҸõһ԰Ҳˡ




105.  105   Ů

ԭȶӾ̫, ȴǾ̫Щһܽǹؾأֶ˼, ˵ϱ㿪, ϲ档ֿΪҸ, ٲͶӵ˽, ι˻֮ĽΣ಻йѰʡ

ĸ, ҸТ˳䲻ĸЩӵദü٣ҸǸõĶ, ҲҸ׮Ļӹƽ˳㡣

˳, ȵһ¼ˬ, ҹ˳Ŵࡣ

, ˵

˴

ֿʰֱߵ˱, ʶӾ͸ûԸ£ͷ˼׷ףһʱ侹Щ֪Ӻοڣֻʣʮ, Ѱ˼Ŷɲ̫Ҹʲô뷨ûţ˵ֱأļѸһףο϶Ҫ, ȥӴһͷΣ

׼ļѣͷȥ£˵֪ܲץ㡣

˰Ŵ֣æ˻ͷúдһ

ЦŵͷӦá

˵СʱĻҹɫţǹ˴Ҳ⡣

ֿǲ֪ҪôڣҸһ˵º·Ȼ˿ڣʵûҪĵǣֻǵĸףܹҪһ㡣

ŮԽԽãͲҸˣŴ׾һӵ£ʮͣڴ뱲ҪءĸػһΪĸΣӹúãİ̤ʵ

һĹﰲֻ

ԽԽֿعǸùӣЦʣҸأ鰡Ҳ˼ʣֱˡ

šɵͷĸЦЦǸܺõĹԭ»סж˼£˵й赣ġ

Ҹι˻ضй̸ֿ˼ͦõġ

۵ЦһֱܳףȢʲôĹΪޣ˵˵п浽һ죬־ʵҲûãһӳ˾ҪסȢϱĴˣ㵱˵ҰҲûź



أֿˣ۾⣺ҹЪţҪú

ĸػһ޵ŮԽԽãʣµĶۿҪȢֻԽԽãĸȪ֪Ӧܷ˰ɡ

ļѵҪʵĳߴ磬¶ͽӣӵ˳ߴ罻ֿֿȥüѣϰ˵ýŵʱأ鼱ɲϸ£Ϊ˻ʮǮ

ԽԽˣҲˣ׽һԴźԺţÿպóԺúȵź򣬵գ㻹Ǿ

ֿŶźμȥι˻Ҳ˻

СžƸѡ³ųɻ顣

ǴԲܵ£뽫Ԫպ󣬳յϲһϲѻ°áҲܵ¡

ˣæֹֿ˸ӣƼģֽرǱʵ

Ƹȶ׸ΪֿӺϳзʲôƸһССȽϼ򵥣ŴƽչҲǲ

ʵûʲôͷֿ뵽ȥռ˵СʱĻ˵üĿҸϸϸ˷ƸҲ˸ŵĵס

¾ڸжȹˮȥû׻˸Ƹѡ˸͵μҡ

ʮ½ͷһƬãũæʼˣũæҪˮûˮɻԺ˲٣ֿеæҸ£Ѳ·լԺ½ˡ

һӵĴ£ǮȻúúʰޣĴӣʵȣͨͨûŮϴױ̨СߴҪҾ߷Ķǰúλã˻зݵĴɨ鷱ࡣ

Ӧûشϲ£ʵе㲻רŻȥɨϵլҲòɨʵæֿѰ˼Ҳ˵ǮҪȻͰլ˶ӵ

ûԥ͵ͷվʹǮң෬ɹסլԺǰСӡ

Ǯܵüҵ׶ò࣬תڴС鶼׵ֻϲϯ

ʮµףʰ޺õĻ׼£ʮޡ

ֿŶǰһҰæӴǵմϾ˾˼Ұæ

ǼŮԵ緹򽫼ҲرԶʱϲ̫ϣʱĩԼޣ˳ҰͽȥңֿҸҲȥף˳ҰСЩҸѹס




106.  106   

ͷƫ, Ҫʱ໨סʱʱǰȥ, Ŵڵķ, ػص, һ, ûӰ, ţǻ𣿽һ᲻ǳ˵ųģߵʱǸѶСӼҼĶЩء

ɩ, ģġĻֿѾ˵أɩʵǽѰ, òӼο, Ц˵ɩҲˣһ϶, ȥ, ޵Ĳ࣬ǻóԡ

ӴţҪ˵أͼĸ׸ʹ˸ɫ, ߵĻ˻ȥһЦ͵͵ڳȥ

ֿŴɩȥ, ߱˵Щճ

ҼһƮ̣ŵķ㣬ζԽŨԼԶһˬ˵Ҹǻˣ

˻ˣȥ໨Цúϲ£죬Ҵҳݡ

Էʱ򣬼˳Ұֵ಻סĵ˷ܼĸ׿Ѱ߳Է߰ɰɵ˵Žң˵رϸ£ܵ˵ܿҶϱǿأԻ˲˼ַҲú棬׵ľ˼˺ƺ

׿˵ģزм٣Ҳ׷ϲüҡ

þУþС

ĺɫĺֿŶŮȥ

ʱڣԴ̹ǵ⣬ţߵйζ

ĸ߿˿ҹ硣

˵ʱϳԸ˵š

ֿЦˣ֮ǰҲ˵һأԾͳԣû¶Ҳ̫Զ

Ҳôġ

ҵ⺺ȷʵأҿأǸк󸣵ġüЦ

ҲҿҲǣʵϵһӣҲǸ̤ʵܸɵĺùӰһ׼ˡ

߶߶˵ţ֪ţƵ˼ſڡ

죬ȻŽԪԷ֪һֱأǷʢֿŮŮǶѺҲˣֵдֶϸţСദĺǲ

ճеʱֿңҲû£ǿϸףʹɩ˵˵ĿǰǼ޶ˣҸĻҲǰ˳ҰͲ󣬻Ӱǹˣ̫۸óԳԸúȺҲʡ͵Ŷϥꡣ

û죬˳Сѩ

䣬嵭ЩÿЪЪĥĥʲôҪʰҸҪˣһӵĴ¾ôһأɵƯƯġ

ι˻ʱֿ⣬ۿûڽȻѧͷҪҲһʱᡣ

ĸȥ磬θ겡ʹֿҲǾӣϸϸμ顣

ι˻Ҳĵһһش𣺡඼ò࣬ͻмµҸֲС

ֿ۶ӣֺǺǵЦȥ£æǵģе²ࡣ

Сᣬι˻Ҹ˵ӣҵʱɫ谵ֵԵĵѵŽա

Թ𣿡ֿŶӣĥӦǳԹ˵ġ

ȻҸͷԹˡ

ֿûǰʲôˣֻȻ˸ˣû¶μҿϸЩ

ҸӦţ֪

ļգҸ飬ֿżһ䣬֪Ź˸һҲͷˡ

£䣬ʱƮѩ꣬Ҫ˵Ǽٵģֿûסȥ

ϲӲûⰡ

밡ΰΣүһų֮ģգ̫Ӻ¶һ˲âɣֵȺȫǻ֪ؾͳ˹˸ϣμŹȻ·үӰ

˸ҲãҸҲգֿŶˣЦúϲ£죬д˷ͣһȥȫˣְкö඼ǴμǱ߸֣Ľֵ˲ӵ

ʱӭˣ

ֿλĿſڣȺﻺ߳ˣ粢ݣһһŹţȻʪۿգգ۾Ҳ۽ǣ΢΢ͷЦݣտۣãӲӵġ

ĸ㿴

ӦǿˣҲӦǺϱɡ

Ͼ̫ĺ

緹ֿԶӶϱ˵ǵûȥˣôء

ҸͷӦã£ϸĵҸҲ˵ء

Ҹ͸ɬǲ̫ϰƵģһӺԵĽ⡣

ֿͷӲʰĶ紺ͣֻЦҶˣҸ׸Ǿͳš

һȥĻŮŮȥŮҲٲˡ

ָĹڴܱߵСɽͷܱߺܸɾûʲôӲݣǶ죬ЩûͷЩ֦Ҷ

ֿ˳ƷԱߴ֣ӼŷͷҶŮźӡҸͷ

ҸȢϱǸõĹֿվһüۺЦ߶߶

ӽźӺүĸĸ˵Ļ

ȼֽֿ꣬ƷһţԽӹԼ棬ȴҸɵõ

ֿ۸ɸɾķͷ߰ɡ

ŮԽԽ£ԽԽãҸףۼദǢػɾһμѻ

ǷҲ÷ˡ

ңҲҪʼԼ

ֿãȻ˹ŴͲ˷ѵõһҪȥŴɽɽˮˮ߳ķСӣȥ磬ĵطܲȫӽ±ضǲһģҪȥʱĻʶǺεȵķ⡣

ҪȥģŲػ¡

Ҹĸ׵Ļ£Ȼ˾䣺ô룿Щɻüͷе᣺ǲǲµʲôֱ̬˵ҺʹڼҲȥ

ʲôֿеͿˣʲô£ҾȥȽŻȥ濴

ȥʶ

żȵسǿһ·¡ֿ˵ţֵõңʹƼ˸ر׵ھ֣Ҹǣ·ϰȫĺܡ˵ţͦƽġ

˵ˣɲòţ׼ȻҲи

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