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ݱǩ ֮ Խʱ

ؼ֣ǣޣ  ǣġİ¹⡷  

һ仰飺˹ѧ

⣺ɽɽԼ
1.  һ ¸裨ޣ   ·ݣ

콫޷˸һҹû˯ӻǵġ

ϲûȼʱʱž

ɫɴʣɫıӣǽŴϲ֣ϰŹԲӻɵСɽĶҹɹһϲⶼûС

»֮ҹɹٳȥȾƳҹ飬һ˶ϲȥѰ˵С˻ûҲˡ

Ȼ֪Լ޵ʲôˣɻ̲סѹǶҹĸŮӲżˣĸŮӲͬɪ

޻Լѡ񾿾ǶǴƽŮ޹Ǹ߼ޣС黭ͨŮܼǼаμģŮݣȾʲô

ͼ޸ôһѧʶ壬»֮ҹܳȥȾƵӵܡ

Ӫźüż޸˼ң޸⣬ͼã;ظаɡ

һ͸𴲸ˣĶ֪պҲǲǶˡ
޷˸ˣѹҲûá

׽ѾߣСһ𳤴󣬲زȥ衣

ҵĳҲ֪Ǹʲôˣ֮ȻŲ׳ƿ

ҪŽźϴԺĴѾߴڨڨϹ˿ūź򣿡
ͷһҹûӵϢһ͸ȥˡ

ֻǽȥùûүɣһүһûźôɡ

Цøˣ˵ʲô׶ͭˮȥ
ϣת̾˿һСѾ߸øɶɶȥ
С÷ȲˮȥǰŲţҪӻȸҡһ˫üëҪˣһϢû𣿡

ùãӳȥľƹݶķˣûС

Ӳ˲춼ҪˣԭΪֻǰ棬ôһǷֲأҪǱٷ񡭡
Ǻá

*
һҹû˯ӢһҹҲû˯
üģͷٵȥ̫óˣСˣ˻ûҵ

ܿ⴫һүûϢ

Ӣؿ˫Ŀɵøͭһָſӣ
䣬һ˫־͸ؿڣϿ˹һ߸˳һߵүΪôɲֵġ

Ӣô£ˣƽպΪҲˣʲôӣףϲӣ
ٲȻˣôȥˣ

ϸ̾˿үͷϣȰʲôȥֻƽհ棬ûȰŵģ֮ȻͺˣΪһʱգ˸֡

ӢŴ۾Ŵʣǹܲˣϱ
һϣȥҲûʲôӢ´ϸҪ£Ӣ˰֣š

ӢҪ·пڴϣֹӢüôˣ

үǲĲãӲšǵýʱӺϽ

޹أ˼ȡӲ˵꣬Ӣų¶ˡ

ſڣһ־ͽˡ
ָ˵ڳӺͬһѰȶˣѲġ

ϾͷˣԺǱ߿ж

ȥѰǻûҵˣһٷ˿϶ģֻǣūٷ˸ԡ־ǲ̫ףȻѾʧ˹ģ֮λ£αضһٸȢƽŮ

ȢƽӹҲͰˣȻǡ

һūž٣ʲôȥʫͷȥⲼʩȹһŮܰѵѹһͷôʡ͵ĵơ

ϵͲˣЩӲүϲ˵Ҳݣⶨ£ү˵ȥҵŮ˭Ը޸ȥֻйˡ
޵δã»֮ҹҹ飬ģҪǿô£պʧ֮λ

ЦЦ޽ӷˣʱⶨԹ
ֻȻƮƮһۣܲޣ޶׷Ź⣬ڻ᲻ԸңŶҳԹζԵ׶ࡣ
һСڷϡ

˵޾㲻ǣҲ⡣

ֺЦǷ˼ȫ

Ҳûа취İ취Ϊ檷ģùʲô²λ˵ʲôֻܹԼҵŰɣүΪ׾أʧһӱҲԶˡ
£һ裬زҪúðο޼أѹ׵ó

ƽ᲻ôϱû͸䲻ãҲõϡ

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·ݣɣر䣬ӲľҶԴκġ
ΧһƬǽǽǶҺòҶӣпмֻš

ô
ǵҹʵҼ¼ݣȻʹǰ˺Ȼ

̫ѨԴкܶ಻ļ䣬߰ģȾƶǮϷǧֻУֳȡÿԼ»֮ҹ˸ͷͳȥͱͺȾƣƹѲ񫣬֪˭˵˾ȣͳˡ

֮ǽߣ֪˶ãڵ

ڵһŪףԭӢӣʱĸײţ̧ңﲻͷһأ˽ҲȥˣèèӣĺӶ硣
Ȣ׵ͣûԸ޸ĸƽŮޡ

ôΨһһ¡

ŮȴƯҲã޸˵ʻţϡ

ԭΪ⣬Ǹ棬ΪϵˣȻϣ˸ͷȥȾƣڲ֪˭˵˾ǳȥȣԭҲû
Ϊȵ̫࣬С

̾˿Сʮ격ʿֱӽоͿʼûûҹоͶ
ʱ˸ϱ

ԭѣôǸӣֻҪǮȾƣúðӹȥУټǰо̫ܲ

û£õ䲻ռ˼ҵӣ޾ӡ
̫˽Ҳ֪ŴŮǶộִĽֻϿһһơ

ֿй˽ʱ٣Ժǽ飬ҲףӣӦúúö˼ҡ

Ǹ竣ֲʶû˿Ҳں˰ôô

·Ȼȥúø޵Ǹ

̫𣬹һžͰѴŵһ飬ٷ۾ôô죬һСȥίͰͣһ޹ӣӲǸôÿӷԼȥȾƣͷٷˡ

ԺĴſţԺſڴð滹źԺӺܴ滹иС԰
˿Ժżžŵ۾Žż⣬վһСѾߣ֮Ƶġ

޵ӻû𣿡

񣺡Ӧһͻˡ

ǲˣҸսţóȣȥſţǻֱȥ

ô˵ϽٷˣֻһʱˣųȥȾƵģް㱡֮⣡

ЦЦһ䱻ݲйİ׻𡣡

޴ȥӢҵԺӾʮӳԺҪӣźͻãŵˡ

ˡ
Ϊ׵Ӣͼ̷ϣӢһƬڣϴúؾλ̷ˣûһ仵
˵ĸѵѾǲˡ

Ҽ꣬Ᾰȡ˹һ˼飬֮λް뷨Ů使οɰΪǫѷ

ϣұǶᾸˣһṫӣŵﶼͷɫ

װεǹ¾¸Ĵ´һ񣬡ϱĸ׾衣

Ӣһ֣ЦίˣҪ̰棬ൣЩ

Ŀᣬˣô˿ţһ˾裬֪жѿ۾ӣ֪޵ʱ
ᳶ˳Ӣӣӻûվãүð޾ɡ

䣬ʹһˣ




2.  ڶ ޣ   ⲻܡ

ˣΧһӰ

ϻû˵أɨ֣˵һʱѲ

޻عͷֻһ»ؽžһ࣬ͷģȻüĿʣɫҰףŴķ

޾ͿһۣȻͷŲյαСһ룬ܲĿ⣬ȴֻɫĲ豭

Ӣһӣ㻹֪

⣺֪ˣõ׵ģðίʲôҶϣֻǴ𣬵̫ҹû£ð޸һˡ

ȡ豭߾ٹͷ븸׺Ȳ衣

룬ⲻŵҲ˵˻
ŰѲ豭ȥ

ӢȻɫⶼô˵ˣϽ˺ù
һ⣬ţָϾ裬ϻӻֱ֣һУúӿҵޣ¡ 

ϽĶƣ¸ôͰѹܼ֮½㣬ʵڲãЩ

˱ҶòѾˣٶԶԣʹʲô©ĵطɫ㣬һ㲻ĵӶûС

û뵽ôͰѹܼ֮ȨǼңȷǰʣԴ֮ϹܼңսţΪܻмۡ
ЦЦĸС

һǸ⣬Ź޵ִϵ﹫ǡ

ȻʲôûõҪŹվͱӢ۵һɨϥһ¶˵ϡ

Ӣȥùźú÷ʡ
ҪȰһȰӢ㲻Ȱٲ֪Ķһֱš

Ͽ۹ޣûȰ˼ˣֻһƬǡ

ȥã޺͸ϵ﹫Ӽ񣬸׼ӣᾸĹԶһķıɩ͵黨

һһŮᾸùǰ˽ʿںԺְº湫ӣϷŮʮŹ֡
ϥֻԶһӣʮꡣ

ϻһ޺üĴС㣬ϵŮĵã̬룬ʲô֮飬֮˵һ԰ţֻ˵ͣ 

˵˻ӻϾù޻ȥúϢ⣬ùʱ

ع޽ˡ
Ȼ򵥵ĳͷǹϥۣʱҲ̡

޻ȥ˸ľʱ׾ڴߣʣ˯˶ãӻ𣿡
ϵ˯һʱӻû

ԺﾲĵģĥһȰѼù

ӢĺǧƱ׼һ
˿ױϻͷţԺǮĵطࡣ

ŮȻ޽޲࣬˵׹˼ҲҲ£һѧӣоԺʲôϢ
ܹͷ棬죬һǰ;ӣһʮĶСׯӣǧƱ

ټϴСܵ·Σٺᣬĸ͵͵һǧӣһЩֻСĽ׵ಡܸҲࡣ
ԼҲ˽

ⲻôණԺ첻ɡ

뵽⡣
޻̲סΣͷһ͸ϽȥҪ⣬ĸ
Ҳ̫ãô顣 

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Ӣŭң
ǰ÷ųˡ

һڣ͵ˡ
ϥǣȥģҲ֣ۣ֮ǲ֪ô͹޽ദ

޲ʮ꣬ǸСֲ.ޡ
˵Ҫûй飬ٹһʱ

С᲻ܻ˵ϥǣ˿յ̫Ҫ緹ˡ

˵үӴ÷ųްӶûӰӣ緹ʱֲ֪ĶȥˣȻɽ׸ıơ

޵ȥһңѰˣͲصˡ

ūʡģȥү
Ż£ȥĶˡ

޳һ仰û˵̾˿̯ôŵĹүпҲ˵ʮˣǹԷ

ûһæˣҵˣСأ
¹ĶֻҪȥȾƶǮͱʲôǿ

üͷ𣬡
һˣȥʲô

˵ίˣ³ӴСһγûȴԸΪϴĲãӵһ⣬һҪѽ

룬ƾʲôһҪһ³ĶܳʲôҲֻϻ˼ˡ
޻˵³ܱȳȥȾǿ

ֵһ˽ˡ
޲̫Ըվճ÷⴩ϴԺÿնҪź÷պŮһͬʣƴ֮

ҪԷΪ

̾˿ͷͷϥ΢Ҫͱס
̧ͷ˳סְЩɻ󲻽⣬

Ĳ˲˲ż棬̫Сʵ޷ӡ
ȼ˰ɣԷ
Ѿ߰Ѳ˰ÿͷһӣܹˣһ׷
⿴һѾߣȥ

Ź޵£ʵڶԲסԺ¾ٷ㿴ҹҲˣҲˣͱˡ
´á

⣬ֻİǱҲûͳ˷ޣϿɲ֪ʲôӢƢ󣬶Ѿʧ͸ˮȣ١ûˡ
ʲô֪

ùСȴϳɵ˵ЩЦ˳ǣ¾ͷƪˣԷɡ

޻֪ܲܳء

սӹ˱ûչˣ˵࣬ÿԺӶС˷һ÷ӶǸڸԺӳԵģҪ̶
ӽҿ޿һһƷɫǺʳǴǰû֪ζΡ

ѼƶǣǹըȻѼˮɺһ鳴ƣ嶹ƣСǹ⣬ڵģ㳢
ǰϲȥԣ˿ûȤãԼˣóˡ

޶ûҲ֪ĶģվùⲼˣЩֻгڣۡ

㶣Ķܵù޸вˡ
һ޼һӣҲ֪ûأӲЩԺǳԷ͸ƽһҲ񣬰˶ѣõ˲˵û֪

޵˵ͷȳ˿Ѽƶǣ֣ɳɳĿڸУڵģζǡǡãٳǶǰԵǰۣҺǺһڣ͵

Źʡ

ǳ簾ģҿɲҾӹ
һۣΪһٷֺ𣬡ʳ޲

ҪǸɰͰͶųһٷǵöҲҪˣһ߳һ˵Щ
쳢⣬ҡһ㳢òóԡ

޳һСڣǴģҲ֪ʲôȻģô⣬ó񫡣
ǰԹණóԣĲɣһ˵ģ

⿴޸ģȻıǼⶼˣ̲סжԣҲϲԡ
Ҳǵһദ棬ʶЩ

޲֪˲٣˵ӢӲѧҲĺôû׽һγ
Ȼ»֮ҹͷһ⣬ɷ³Ҳͷһ⡣

Ŀ⣬»֮ҹҹܲỹ߰ɣ˵ˣ£ٷ
Ц

ù޵òתˣ˲٣ӦòǷ˲Ͽζ
ʣôˣ




3.   ܼӣޣ   һ˼

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ⲻĶµóʲô˱飬û𣿡

޵û¡
һңѵҪȰûԲûʹٲԲ

޷¿ӣҪȥʲô
˵˵ʣɹȥȾƶǮ

ûʲô£𡣡

˿ȥͳɣҲ̫ˣֻҪͳɡ
Ҫ˱ù˵ƽղ飬鷿š

˵ҲǺǴֲʶ黹Ҫ
鷿ǹá

Ȼⲻ飬Ժ鷿޽ؼΪȿĴһ泯һ泯Ӷ̴ľǽһ漫ߵܣϰ飬౦ǰһƬϽ񣬶ǴӺĻ
ֻϧϻ˻ңѾû鷿ˡ

ܺ˵С
ԭӵܣһ鷿ΣȻ밴ԭȥʲô¶
Ȼоӱˣñ˵Ҳһ˼

Թ޾ȥ鷿Ȼ˵սţЩ²뾡֡

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ǻ޹أϽѹСֲҪ¡
޲˯ˣܼҹܵһСԴסУ߶ԼպǵļȢ֮¡

Ưһ㡣
һ˱ʱѹ˷ˡ

˱ˡ
ӢӧңǿиɣģǾλʵȨ
ӢڳƷ٣ÿʮʯ׵ٺ»ʮ乻ͨ˼ҳԷǹԶֹڴˡ

ϣϹСԼﶼǸסԺӣԺСÿʮӵĶﶬѣŮһ궩ͷ棬⻹ƽĽΣÿÿ¶ʮǮĻ֧Ϻܺ˵

ıյ̿ƽˮģԼѾС˵
Ժ¹ùǴͷѾ߾ʮҲ֪ŪôѾʲô

ټϷ߶ͣ⻹ǻģĶСС֣⸮ϻľ⡣
Ǹܼӡ

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˱µһǧֻУһǧˣǧ˼ҵҩǮ

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һ˾ͻ˼ӡ
Ӣٺ»֧ЩЩǿĲҵ

ׯӣֻҪ׬Ǯôܲȱ©
ֻǣׯӲ׬Ǯ

Ӣа˸ׯӣÿյʳϽ˰ׯǮʣ¶ˣׯճɲá
ӴССжʮȥģʣµƥ̾Ʋǵ⣬ʱпգǿάϵ

յЩǮһ󲿷ֻϵļױһС֣ԼǮϵġ

Ҳǲףڰ˱֮ǰϸòĶˡ
Ҳı䲻Ǹ̯ӵʵôȥҲüױżҵ·ױ࣬Ͻյǧܹǧ

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Ŀûʲô⣬һң̰Ȩ̰ӣ˽üӣǸϸļĸ

°Ϳ⣬ǰһƬҶ΢Ļ³¶ôһ졣

Զճ죬ϼƮ죬ô͵ˣľɫã˶Ĺ͸ϦһϾҪɽˡ
·ԼѡģûʲôɺڵģҲɲڡ

ֻ֪Ǹʲô֮ѩϼӲ˪ˡ

װ˱ͻȥಱӣһᱳ۵ģأ
ϵ鷿֮ӻ˯һʱȻŷʲôûɡ

ûţûȥ棬ǿ̫ˡ

һȥ
Ͽó޲ˣȴ֪ΪΣԼҹС˼أʲôҲ²

ֻϣܶһЩùˡ

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ԭݣ뾭ѵ£Ҳ㲻뾭ѵ

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СǰŸŪ֪˵ʲô

ţͽһˣǹ޵Ѿϣһ񣬵ӣȥ÷

ع͵˳ʱˣ˵ͷȥ
ѾѾں÷ˣŵ

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һϵĲˣ࣬ˣ⣬̾ǰף嵭
һûԶҲˣԷɡ

Ⱥ˿࣬绹ʵ˵ʷ̫ණҲܹ̫࣬϶
ӣСŽ׳󣬿϶ԼƢǨЩЩǷ޼ദ֮

ͬ˵ºӲҪ¡
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޿ζ嵭ǰڼԵľЩԿζصζţԵöβÿǸġ
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޺ܺÿǰǻҪÿ

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Ⱦξһһƣб֮ûҪ˵ź򣬷֮Ļ

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˯ΪġԼʮ춼˵塣

޸ίˣΪΣ㲻ҲͰˣ˵Ҳã㻹Ҫ𡣡

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գգۣΪʲô

ΪԼ֮ЩԱô˵𣿡

ҡҡͷ

һ˼꣬һֱҽҩ

һ¾סˣ̯˭˭ܣ˵ʲôֻ˿Ρ
ʵǻκ𡣡




4.   ţޣ   ࿴򡭡

࿴Ӧûлᡣ

ϵĻ˳ȵƹâ˸޺϶мһСһʱ֮˭Ҳû˵

Ͳסοһ޴ͷΪ޹ⲻ£ֻҪºӣúý̫Ҳͷ

غҲûˣ˵ʲôģ˵Ժлᣬ࿴ҽ飬Ĳɣһӽ
޸ɰͰ͵ذο⣬¼ãҲ̫ѹ

⳶ЦЦ

һֹۣǰڹ˼ңܳ豻ұΪѣһ뿪ûʲôȥĿǿ֪£

ҡҡͷڿ޵ģԭȷʵŮ֮ɫֻȾƶǮ
޵ǵؿǾͲҪˣ˽Ҽ򿴿ʵڲİ취

ġ

ްοûкӵĻԱһҴǰȥʩ࣬вҲģ
ûԼĺӣһһŮ

ﲻζô룬ܳϣŶʵӦøġ
̾˿ġ

ԥһǺջţɲٳȥˣ˹˼ң㰲ĴϰգǾͻˣ֮ȥĶȥĶΣ
ֳȥһ˻ţºܶ˶ãҪЩʲôֻҪ߾ͺá

ͷģĶȥ
ŹӣͻȻЩۣãûԸ޸֪ڹ˼ҵľأ̫á

޶κܵͣȥȾƣͳɣĶȥˡ

޷ģǿϴЪϢɡ
»ⲡţҲͬߣޱƽţһס֣ȴʲôû˵

ȴ˯ˣ޵ֺܽҲģһûУٲҲķ

ܿ͵˻졣
Ͱѻ׼ã̳þƣϻģйصİΣеͷвƥ飬κδ©

ۿ뿪ϲŴŮȥ
ŻԺʮҲ٣ôһĸôôɩܼңɩ׶ϱ

ѹܼ֮ȨȥˣǰܼӻǮȫˡ

ϰŹغã㻹Сֻó棬ӣ¸ţţ˿ǱģǰѿնϣôĽ¡

䲻ףĸףֲɽҿͲùܼء

ϣ϶ҪҲûǸ͡
ϲŮ¶¶ˣЩû˵㿴Щ껨Ǯһ꼸ļױȫӻˣΪ׾͸ԣ˵Ρ

ȻԺ⻨Ǯù޲һŮĶǮ

ϵ˵ͷôǮҶˣԺǻǮǷǮ޹ء
һ⻨ǮˮܶǮԼǲ塣

֣ܹܼܲңȫı¡
ı꣬ںٶЩʱգҲûˣһСܷʲôˡ
-------

޻ѣӣɫƿźɫ֦ĳȹͷںڣĵͷұһĲҡ
⣬һ׵ӣ𾴲մĵ͵ˡ

һ·һֱŹ޵֡
½ţ͸⽲˽˼ҵ·ѾˣǰȢףɩɩƼңǰ޵ˣ޸˺ӵܣ뾩ڼġ

ɹ˳ӣȱСһ꣬δǣʮ׵ܹܵ˳ؽ꣬ಡ

޵游ĸǺƵˣȼ֮Ҵȥ
أǲģΪѾȴޣҲӭš

Ϊұˣܳ裬ٻ󣬿ڱϲ̨ūš

Թ޲ԸΪ檣һ޸ӵҲ޷ֻӢףĸʹ˼޴Ӧˡ

޸ܱȽΪǿʹ⿿סܿԼ

ʵû˿ĺ£˵Сǿʤ۹ȴôĻҵܽס켸꣬ӷ˿Źɵķȴ˳Ц

˵ǼңᾸ˹ܱס֮λ

Щ޾ȥˣ˭֪»֮ҹ·Ⲣǻˣپʱ֪չһֱǣ֡
ǰӣֻΪ岻ãĸײڣܰˡ

һһţԭûµ¶ȻҲ滨˼һɱϴˡ

Сʱĳ̣ӳϵǱ㵽ƽ

ɣſʯʨӣɫĴŴ󿪣ƽѾְͷһſڡ
ԱߵǸϹС㣬һȺѾʹӣС˶ڣˣܻظ棬Ƭ̹Ⱥ˾߳

ƵͣˣǰͷһӺͷˣͷһŻһѾС泵УƺƵ

ƽޱ飬ƽ̬ׯĸվ࣬ϴЦԱվǹ΢΢ͷѹüͣŹҲ֪Ľһ˻ģǺĽһġ

һҡҡͷĶ֪
ڳˣڹԺ϶ѹô޾飬â財

̾ϢΪԼʲôȲĽ㣬ʫòˣŮԶԶ˦ʼʣ̫࣬ϰΪˣĬĬ룬Ľôô
Ů㱻޹âסҲûʲôȲһ˾ĵŮȴһֱѹš

ȲʹСֶΣÿζǧﵲȥ

֪޶֮󣬹Ⱥʹ졣
ҲȻˡ
͹ޱʲôĸ˵öԣٰμҲֻŮⲻŵܼ޽ǹ޼ĸ

Ȼ˸ȣ˷˿ῴһۡ

»֮ҹˣҲ֪Ľôҹġ

ƿһˣ⡣
Ѳȵʷȣ峵һֻ֣ˣ³ɡ
ԶǸüĿʵɾƷԵòʢҲŽǰ

ҧһ´

ֻһ£Ͱִȥһһ·ʪɡ
Ǳȥģ֮ɿ֣࣬˵̨ףϥһ

ƽһƵЦúӣؼĻҪЩĸݰɡ

ܵĸ

ƽһ·Ҳ࣬ݺȵȲ衣

ȶŹ޺ıӰҧĸ׶Ź꺮ůڹĺòãȱʲô

˵һжá

룬㲻ù޻˵ԼѡĻ£㲻Ҳֻίʵ

׼Ļ棬Ҳʲôʲô˹޺ö䣬Ūù޶˼ˡ

»мڵġ
˷˶Ůûʲôĸ飬˵ްμ⣬ͷʫͷҲ˼׬棬ȥʩżãͷ˵˼ҽ׽

޸˭Լ컯ûôŵܸأ˷˲̫ҲǺģĸһֱ㣬ȥ˼ңҲǹ㡣

޺ˣ̨ʱ⻹¹޵Ժֿˡ
ֻȥ֮Ͱ¸˷˵ˡ
˷˵ųɻ飬ԺٿɣôԼ컯

СԼû֣ȥϷ˵ԺӣۿЩ죬ĸܺãϷЩ۵Ĳ޿ҽ飬ѧ˵㰴Ħķӣ밲ʱϷȣ裬

ĸԸ޽ֲҲ֪˼ڻ

й֮˵Ϸ˻ͷһؼ޿ޱӣ޵ϡﻩģҲֻǺۿ޴룬ް£֪ĻΪ۸ء

ϷźúôŮ
վ

ʹ˿׼峺һ㶼鸡ŵǺ۰ޣǲ֪ǲװġ




5.   ޣ   ա

Ϸʹˣ۾ЩǣĹ޵ıˣСƵġ
ϷҲ̫࣬޵ӣʲôίġ

ͬ£ǽ޾޸⡣
ӷˡ

Ϸ˵ϰڲֻǲԸһ;͹ӣôԷζûУ޹ȥػʲôŶ󣬿룬ϱûȫķӡ
Ů̫࣬Ҫ޿޺ͼͲҪġ

Ϸ˸޲ɾᣬˣϲӡ
ҹƳҹ飬Ϸ֪ίˣ鶼ˣ׷ֻŪ˭϶ÿˡ

ӣû۸ֻǼĸġ

ⲻôۣȥͷ͸Ժ￴˰ӵ޳ˣѾԶԶںͷ޲ױ޹ӡ

ֻò죬ǵþգϣ۾Ǻģһ

޵ĸ˯ˣͲùȥˡĸǰչҡ
û̫̫ţ޺ѳôͷμ⣬Ҳ¶

һŮûƾʲһ
ƾһƯһȺŮһˡ

û˵޾ͳЦЦҴȥ

˰Ϸԭ޷ӵģǹ˳ҩ˷³ʲô£Լ
Ϻܺÿ󣬿ɷ̴棬ȻҲôƯŮ

˳ɫ԰ףССȴųⷭ˷Ӹ

Ͽʮֻ֣̿
ӦܣĶôõĹ

Ҳֻ˽ʱŻẰ⾹Ȼ۽ǣúӣǺúӡ

ԭ޵ģɿ̲סЦˣǰ˵⿿סҪԼǮϽºӡ
һ仰ͳɺúˡ

ͷĺˣһúö԰ޣһί
ĳڹ˼۹޵ֻйϷ˺ϣֻǶˣЩںߺ˿ĵġ

ֻ˵Ͽĵģ˵˼仰֮󣬹޽ù˳شȥתת֧˵˻˽
ϲǿĲݰˣΪ˴ڵģһߣֹסˡ

˵ʵҹΣ

޵ͦõģվ裬׸ǧƱһڹͱˡ

ϵ֪ʵ⣬ɺã

㶣鵱һҹδӦôˣһҹδ˯ϹҲһҹ
룬޵˵ϺãҲ˵ϲã˵գûţ׷ãȥˡ

֪ҪʲôԲϽġסϵ֣Ͳ˵ˣںúùܼңӡ

ϵ˵ͷºӲҪ£֪ô

Ůס

*
СͷС԰תţ˳һָ·һ߽ܣʱʱʫ
⺢ӻһ

ҲΪŵôϻۻ
Ѿˣ

˳صҶ飬ĸ˵˹ȥѧá
ĸָǹ˷ˣҲ󣬳£˭

Զǹ޽ʶ֡

㰢ѧʺá

˳ͬصͷʲôᣬʲôãҲܺá

ЦʣҶĶã

˳ͷ˵˼˼˭֪͵ˡ

*
ԺӳȥѰ͹˳أûѰϱߵС԰ײ˹Ⱥ͹

紺С԰һ軨Ҷ̵ģ͸Ҷķ϶ڵϣӰ߲

˰񣬱Լҽãںô
ȿĿڣδĽϲ

޵л
ҲϽع»֮ϲٷ磬λ÷

Ȳô룬ù޼޵͸ˣĽ˾ǲһˣǰĸ׻ʹҵĻ£һλºĶӣһλǻɵļҵĹӣĽ㿴ĸһأ

Цúһ˵ĶϽйˣǽҪ˹޵ĺء

޵иĸҵ˼

ַۺɫĻҲǣĽѡһѡºҵǾûɼҵĹӺãѧʺãҲϽһЩ

޵ؿŹȣ˵мʵʾǸݰ
Ȼ˵ûķٲݰҲǹһСӿԱŵġ

ҪڣͿŽһһСȻʵʣңĽĶ֪Ρ
ºĶرĻǸɵĹӻδڣкüңҿĸСĹ˳صСԴȥ㡣

˳˵ϣȺĿԣŹЦЦȻ˹ȥȥ㲻ڣѾ˵ˡ

ϹҲ̫ס鲻ԸغĽⲻذڰ֡
ŵ˵ʲôʲôԼ

޵ȥĶˣӰһ÷ˡ
ԹҲûȥˡ

شĴתתʱ䣬ûҶ໰ɡ
ûУ޳һ䣬߰ɣȥãһȥɡ

ȳ˸ưͿһٱʲôܣԼʲôУ˼˵ˡ

ҲˣһˣδŮ̫ʱ䣬̶ʱ޾Ҫȥˡ

Ϸ˶һ٣ۿֺˣ֣ⷢ˻ˮġ
뿪ƽϻһľӣͷװǹްԵĵģֻеļǹЩ
ĸ˽Ʊ˵Ŵ󻧣ض࣬Сġ

ޱ̲סᣬЩֻм˲֪ݹһӣɱˣԺ󻹻᳣ġ

̸ף޳ȥŮóȥˮĶгŮؼҵġ
ްɾǰ޵ģǵޣô󷽵壬ųжȡ

޽ոлл⡣
ۺãնл㡣
ڹ˼Ҹ

ѻлʲôõ£
Ҷ໰ͳɣλȷʲôɾ

ԭ켣ϣʲôţⲻߡ

޵ɴ۾ͷ

޵Դܸ˵л֣ܶ¶ӦģǰʲôϹϹ֣ǳ֮ˡ

۸ǹ˼һңң㻹ȥоõ޶Լ֣ˣٲҲǸˡ

޲ȫţһ˾ģôһȫĺãĺܺãȻüʣǲҪǮȥ

޹ܼ֮󣬸ԺʹУ⣬ҪǮȵͷ
ȫһӣûǮ˰ɡ

֪ԼˣҪǮ

⣺
ʿյĿ࿴һ˵֪Ϧġ
ҡҡλΣľһͬ˵ôӵĻֻҪǮ
˰ˣ󷽷ϣͷеȸһЩ

޴󷽵֧˶ʮӸÿÿжʮӵǮ³ʡŵ㻨
޽³жʮء

ӽ˹

صչʱЪһȥ鷿ĿȻˣǹ̫ׯϵ˻Ҫϸҳⲻõԭ򣬲ҳӦ֮

ڴµӣкԭС˻ӽ

»ⲻڣӸŹС˳ȥˣһҹûҵӢգʮӣ´·һȳһյġ

˾۲ӺٺһЦͲˣҪţ

ЩΪⰰǰɶ»ܴڻȥĶ壬ĶĶˣҲ

ĿڻӵϣĶųš

ؿڴƱӷģС˲Һء

⻹ǴӳˣţӴʣӱﻵ˰ɣȥĶƹݻǶķ
һԴĶȥڽתת

Ӳ֪˵Ǽ٣ϾЩǰҲ˵

ղͬգҳˡ

֪С˳ȥɫδ䣬̽ŵˣҪҪӽл

ܰ˽лܰĽл
޵ãӻ˲ظңҾ鷿ã嵭һЩ

ˣȻ⻰Ըȥ

濴˱ʲôҶ漰һ㣬粼ƥΣˮ֬ˮۣÿ׳ǮƹƿĹǮӯһӵ㻹ûԼļױӶࡣ

ױǱī⣬רķıֽϵ
۴СΪֽмʮֽֽ֣һ㣬ӻ㡭

īҲ֣дģҲġǰ˵ģϸܱ˸زŴģ벻öѡ

Ҫ׬Ǯīãǹ޲Ӻ͹һ
ôȥȡôһæ͵ˡ

⿴Źĵƻһҹҵƻ췱ǣǰǡ
һֻȺռһֻӱһϻӵġ

ŵƣȴӰӣϣأ

ʵˣ鷿õġ

Щ죬ùˣȥ
ռȥ鷿ϰѵĴϡ




6.   ģޣ   ǲ֪

Ͼ˰࣬ڳˣѼԹһ¶ݵˮ˿ڣ￪ͨ˷磬׼ûζ

Ѳʱ˻˹鰵⻨ϣʺϼˣʣ¼ǸС׼ģɫӣۣЩɫ
ֻȾЩͬɫϸ΢𣬵ǲϸ

֯бƽƣӺܽʵûζҪҳⲻõԵɣֻʢ̫࣬ûӡ
Ǯ࣬ô಼һԽڶ

̾˿ҪҪôϳ¼һӼù󣬱ҪôͳǶһ㣬ñˣԽ׬Խࡣ
м䣬öѡ

ȾĻǶţȾÿȾˣοǿάϵգҲûŵ·Ǯţٽˡ
üģֻ֪ȾƶǮûȥĴô׬ġ

ţ鷿űƿζƮ̧ͷվſڡ

һֽŸֽŸľϻӣһֹģ
ջûɣڽתתռ±ζʵ㣬˵

˵ˣٳԵ㡣תͷϵȥСʢٶեͣӵ׷С

˵ļ죬޶˵Ѳ£ҸճԹˣڲԣȥǰðɡ
鷿ЩζĻУռζƮԺȥˣһϻȾռζ

һȥй䣬֪ռأ㣬ϳԶ˻֣޲ҳԡ

Ƿȥðɡ
ͺȵôɣݣЩ˱

ûȥֽǰһȦţȸϳĻóԣһֻһأ˾Ͳóˡ

ܹһ⣬룬һھͳһڡ

ȥֽ򿪣¶ɫռƤΡΡ
гһһģռҪԼ˺С˶˹೴ˣҪͣȻ˳ȥ

⼸÷źֻ⡣

ˣһֻռһҲһӣ˵һϻӵģϻӵģһֻ飬ȴҪӣȥһ绨
֪ʣµô

أգͼһ⣬˺˸ȸȻȻѸųȺɫ͵պƵߣĿϿң

̾˿԰ɣŻȡ
һ⣬üŵĳ

޳ԵĲɣһΪģһΪ⻨Ǯִŷ϶һҪ͸ȥˣϾϵֻܹȥ

ڣ޵ɴ۾û뵽ŷȴ˿壬Ϊպͺף·ֹˣռζҲȵ񣬺ζֻռζ˿
ԡ

޺ܿƣù࣬ϲ˳Թࡣ
᲻ó꣬ʶԵļ

ʱʱ⣬ݵĸʵԡ
ȥϿɲΪ棬⻰Ӧòš

ڹԴʲôɣҲܱ֤±ʳǡ
ǮȾƣӢݷˣǵӣÿչ֣ƽ˳쵽ϡ

ⲻԸ⡣
ݺܺãʲôûţֻйǺϦദˣǰδʲôɡ
ңļϿɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣԭϵģƫӢһ㶼ɡ

֮λñס

ת֣ʲôĶУŮŮַǷжķƹݣƮʮ
ֻռ±ŪûӲ֪룬ӻ治ȥķˣ˵ġ

˵Ժ󶼲ȥķˡ 

Щ֪ͨͨ

ٸ⣬޾Ͳˣ˰ֻ࣬Ȱһ䣬ҹʳ˳Թࡣ

Ҳ¡
ûȶˣӶˣĶ˵ƽԵһ㣬С׼Сˡ

ҲԵ㣬ʲôʱֶˡ

޾Ҳ˵ģ꣬Ȼ˿ȥ鷿˭֪Ҳ˹

˸طæģùҡ
޾ȥˣɷ˲ҳ˱ʣԺСǮ

εԺСÿʮĶ

ʮӲ٣һʮǮ׹׼ǮѣÿׯͣʶʮһЩׯûеĶ
ʮӹͨ˼üˣֻӧңʲôõá

˵ͷԺʲôҶаɣ
޵ġ

Сĳӽ˹

ϣǱ߷˱ȻһԱ

ʲôһͲ嵭ĳȫȥˣƷ֣߰ʲôƤ࣬ţţ࣬ÿ϶һһ
Сʳгۣɳը⣬С棬ڳ𳦷СôҲһһ֪

緹˸Ϊʢʮ㣬ˮ㣬㣬ֽ㡭иĳԷʲôţ⣬ȹӣСֻϰٳεĹʱʱ¿ˮ

鷿Ǵȥˡ

СĿƣӣСǽͻȥúĥӺͷС

ÿһ֮ģϸ͵鷿ׯʲôʹӲ˵ʲôûʲô϶ˡӻȥ

ȻŹ޵ԻʮӵĶ

ֻҪ޵±ȻЪϢһҪٿһ

ڿʲô⿴ʵ࣬Ŷôƿ顣

´˱
ôʲô˵Ҳ޵ͷⲻãʵʲôҲû˵ʲôһ㡣

ֻ֪ǮĶ׬Ǯļֶϲȫˡ

ϵĺÿȾոӣⲻǣѧ
Ȼרũѧˮǿٱ飬Ϸ۵ʱͿơ

Ա˵ѧһƺѣ˵һͨͨ

ⲻҿɫϵĺÿ

޵ͷȹӣźɫģȾƣ紺֦ΪȾգÿƥɫһ
޵ǳ¼·ӣһƥҪʮ
ǲõҪġ

ⲻãֻ˵˵
ȻŮܲһӷ˸Ųһܴ塣

⣺ǼҲΪʲôɫӣ

εؿһۣΪǲԼҵȾϷ˭⴫

ǰûӴЩֻֿѧҵȾϷֲｬ֭ʯϣʮֻһܳô޵ɫ겻ʡ
źɣ̣ǶʦҹݵѪ
Ⱦΰ壬ҪͼٰѲ̶ϣͬɫԶҩ۸֮ȸٽȾס

֮󣬲ȾҪĻ
Ⱦļ˭֪ҪӺãùһɫ

Ҳţԡ

޺ɵؿһҶˣõ£ܲһ˲͡

仰͹ˣ޼˱
⵽˾Уͱˡ

룬Ҫʦѧѧ̰ӣڣԻʱӦúһЩ
ϾƵĻͺ

ĥĥôͲţȾɫأ

޵֪ȾּҪȾΣϴΣɹΣʲô֪͸ҿºڡ

ǲ֪㲻Ҳ֪˻ȥǲģȾϵɫ䡣

ע




7.   עޣ   ޲̫ܵˡ

Ƴһۣ˭Ӧˡ
òͣ죬ַˣȥķŸġ

ǲҰɡ

Ӳԣ͵ҲҰɡ
黹࣬ûйܶʲôһʱ¿˱Ҫմֲһš

΢΢ͷֻ˱ͷ˶Ȼ
ҡҡͷ͵㲻ңǵСҪˣⱲӶȥķˡ

˵꣬۽⿴޵ɫȻ޶˶١

ȥķ
޲֪Ļż֣ԶţҲ޷ԺҲȥķˣǸжá

޲ϲȥķıǲմȾģҵ󣬵סζģմ϶ģ˾ͻˣֻҪⲻȥķС
ӮˣǾȾźɫĲϣӮ䣬ûް˱£Ӯأ

⻹Լ治һʮСţ롭

Щţ˵ʲô£۾Ķˡ

˹ӣӮ˵ĻҷҰɡ

һң㲻ģҲܸҵġ⻻һ

ⲻ۸ޣôӦˣѵҪ߲÷ûʲôӦõģǹ⸱ӣ̲ס붺һ
ͨңҲϲ÷գϻ֣壬ȾˣһûӰء

СˣȴûȾãǰˡ
ĥĥ㲻˵㲻ģҲܸ𡣡

㲻Ҳ˵ͨ𡣡˵͵ͷʵ˵ģķ˵ʱעִ硣
ƺʲôûܺ˵Ǿ͵ȲȾ˵ɱ˵ʱϡ

޵ҲŲᣬǷ㣬һԼȳ׷

ģӦ¿϶ŹЦЦ̫ˣˡ

޵ܿͿˣ˲дӣƷܵ飬˾Ȼȥ˯

ѵ˹㡣

ӵĵĺܺóԣһûסͳĿ飬ʣĶ
ͷһϳôࡣ
һƣҲؿڸ֮Դӽ֮󣬸˺ö࣬Ժɲˡ

̫ۣ˯ܿ죬Ⱦ£ȥȾϣȻĥȡ
Ҫһҩݣʯ

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޲ûаԼ̫ϣҲȫȻ½ǸȾʦѧ̰Ⱦ
ֻЩ·һ֮Ϊ֮޻ĻǸȾʦ˲æ

ת۵Ѯ޽Ѿʮˡ
޷ԸϸӣʹȺ͹ʩȥȥ
ǰÿУҪȥǽʩҲֻ࣬ԸͰ࣬ͷȻǽȥ

ȥʺԴСͽҲͰ죬Щ˲ȴǮҽҩﲡ

ͨĸʲݽһЩٹҩҲû취

ܿöȥ˵ĽѾޣһһдǺĹﲻòͣʩǷֿĺã˼Ҷ࣬һЩҲ޷ơ

ްպãϣ㶢С࣬׶ţǵҪһЩͷҪĴСȳƣǮǲõȣǳ£ܰһѾͰһѡ
ԺСǹˣûʩҲнһһһͷ˭Ҳܶ࣬˭Ҳ٣Щ˾ǲѶ

ʼʱһηõڶΣ껹˵ģǹ޶µĹأ֣ԺһζǺúŶӣ´λ򣬸ﲡ

˭ˣûԶţǿ𲡣ᱻ²ʺõԴСͽҲð

˶˵ĳǿ̫Ҳȷʵջ࣬Ϊ֮ɣͲ֮ˣʲôͼȥʩʲô

¼޸⣬Ҳͼġ

һһӦ£ѾźˣմùҲţмСѾߣūʹſڵСˣŻһͬȥ

ЩܶΣûʲôĵģţһȥʺá
Դе£⼸æеɫܳնһֱһĲӣӣ޲ֱӸԴ˵輸ҽ鿴

˱պãأ

ϲҿ޵۾ӶšŻֻлӸţūҲ֪ȥĶˡ

΢ż죬ֱԭˡ
һ۵Ще˵ζ⼸Ƿ޶˾һö˵Ҳࡣ

ǵĵζ
޽ˣͬ÷캮£ľͲˣյĵζ͵һΰɡ

޺ܿͨˣȥʺýҽ飬ѧҽΪ׵ܣ˳ҩܸ׵ܲһ
ָĸȣˣʲôֻлرԼϲģʲôס

ҽ飬޴ѾǻȥԼӵĳ̣ͣڹſڣһ³ͿСˣӡ

΢΢ĵسЦЦ

һ⣬ߵˣù˵ʲôǣŻĴй䣬ȥķƹݣ䲻ǨŭŻʵûʲôɫ

Цģˣˣ

ȹ̨ףš

ӽϣͻˣ鷿˵Ҫһϲ٣ˣƲȥ򣿡
߻Թɫóֺá

޽Ų΢ͣܿͻָ糣⻹£Ҫ׼ʲôϲ
ϲĪǶǮӮˣ;Ǿϲɡ

ӵ⼸ۣҲԲãÿջҪ·ϵһʱһȦȾ˷Ҫɫ˺ôһۡ

ͣסŲʵ㡭˵ȥȾˣ
ûȥƹݣûȥǮȥ˲

ӵͷе֣۾һϲ࣬ٺ٣ÿնȥиΪӮͷС˸˵
ÿҹߣ֪ΪǶϡı

е㶶´ǵĸȣȥ

ʮģŪ죬⼸СȾȾϵζ࣬ȴ㲻ѰϾǰбʱ
ǸսӴһǰ

ʦȾϿָкԣⲻһ취ŪеԭΪλɫԺʲôʲôмѭǺΪ֮
ȾʯҺ죬ԱЩŪͬɫȾ׾١

ǽһ֮еڶȾϵɫϲɫҲͬϲɫˣƯϴ֮ɫҲб仯

ɹ֮ˣϴɫɫģ֮ܶһƥɫÿĲҪžŰʮһѲųɡ
⼸նȾ֪ʶͷҪˣѹչ֪Ⱦּ

Ⱦɫʯ죬һǳϣѩƣһֱǴӦ޵ģźɫ
ȾĲɫƯϴɫûκζϲߺ

ֻҪ뵽ģⶼȫˡ

پȾͻӣȾͬͼĲҪĻɫ⼸ڽϣû˴ʯѩɫ
Ӧǵһġ
ôÿϿ϶ÿ

ڹ޳ϣһ˱һó鷭ҳԼϵãǷѾ
Һԭ飬¶ڶ

ƵƵ⿴һ޿־ϲӣۼֵ

˴Լһʱ˵ȥҽݽˣһʱز͸ɵȡ
ڣͷСѾͷ뺰ˣ·

һ鷿ƼһЦؿƤãǺΪƻвٹԸ޸

ǹ޶ŵʱ̫Ҳͷ˳ԼŶŹվţôУվ
ˣҵһʱѾȥŸϣһ׷øʲôɫ𡣡

еȣ˵˵߹ôʲôһδ֪Ӯˡ

ԼȾ֪ܲƫ֪
ŹȦƺ˰ɡ

װϻӾֱӱģòףֱûʲôϲԡ
ϻӴ򿪣ɫĲһɣѡ

ȿϸźɫȹɫһյĺɻ۵һĨ졣
Ⱦġ

޵ñҵĲƭһʱ֪ôˡ

ÿɫ
˳ָϸ޲ĵָӶף޵飬æ

˵ͷûͷһظģܵóȻԺ󲻸Ҷô졣

ԭˣΪȥķء

⳯ͷ滹С

ʯźɫۣѩɫǳԴһ޾ö˵ˣЩҲȾɫ
Ӯˡ

޵Ըķ䡣

һ¹޵Ķͷ˵㻰

޲̫ܵôǵľٶǷЩʦȾôÿɫôġ




8.  ڰ Ƿծޣ   Ǯ컹Ǯ

סˡ

һ㶣Ȼؾ㵱⼸ڲǸʲôǴͷѧȾϣȾֶĥˮˡ
ˮݣԭţʲôػûɹͰĥ

һۣŸĵģһȥҩ

Сˣû¡ⲻöۣΪ˴޵ǣ׼˵ġ

޺ܿͰҩɫҩͿãɴϣۣɻǲ⡣

ʦȾɫΪȾȻ֪Լķԣǰ飬ܼ⣬û
Щʦи˼ʮ꣬ȥ졣

ȾǸճĺͯһ𾪡
ɿϵˣ˵ʲôⱾʹֻǲ治ѧá

仯̫˼ˣѵġ
ûʲôɾ棬ȻȢϱ

ޣȾϵķӿɸ֪ʦˣ

ͷ˸ǩȾһۣ˶һ

üʦô˵˵ʴӱ

ЦЦȻ˵ۼҲȾһɫȾڶ֣Ժܴɫˡ

⻰ǡ
̾˿⼸ϾմˮҪȾһʱ㻹û͸ĸ˵ɡ

û

ȱ˵ԼĴ㣬û˵Ҳ¸ϣȥһЩ˵ӡ

ȸ߹ޣûϣĶ˭͸˭
ûȫһ˼ŰѲȾû޿ڹˣڼﶼ̫졣

ǼĸѾޣȢ׵ջţҲû˵仰Ᾰһ˼飬ƲƽԶ˵ĻҲࡣ
棬ԭǰϲãԼ֮Ͷߡ

Ӣֻ̾ķݣǸ鲻벻

ܹסһ飬һסһ㲻ãҺйޣȻͲ󣬵˼ȫ

޵ͷӣѪȻǰδֻҪúѧãһܲҪʲôᣬ̫ˣô˵ʲôᣬǲ֡

ѵãɹ

޿ЩƲۣҪȥʩҪҹϳһ
һѩģȹ嶡㻨·ݶÿˡ

ޣлҺܿõġ

һںңֻǸӣԺʲôҲ̫ȣֻҪ޲˵ʲôӦҲ˵ʲô

ϰȥԸ廨˿ߡ
һԺȲ裬һᣬϢȥϳԵõģ⼸ͷͶԸԼڣ˯жغܡ

ϳʲôһСˣУ޲⣬öĲȻʱѹǿζ̫嵭ˡ

ײĸȻǰײˣ䲻ӡ

ó˱ӣǴŹǣӼϲӡ
ţûһ˲ġ

ʳ׷
ȹ޷Ը꣬ҲȥˣһһҡͷǰûЩӲŷүԣǴ׺գҪӼҪѡ۵ļ⣬ըһУúͮͮǰûҲ֪ĺòóԡ

ӻ˵ˣҪãͱˡ

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°ͿޣҲ֪ʲôʱá

ʱԺ̫ɽˣ϶ɣҪȥʩȥôҲúղ塣
ûϻͷЬģһͳɡ

ֻǻͷЬСģһ뵽С뵽
úõˣȾˣƫƫУ޶ǰҽ飬ʱǶһۣҽ˵Щʳ²ʲôĶС

Ȼǲһܹû
ͳԾ²˺⣬ⲻŪ˺öĳԷһԸʮ죬Ӳġ

˿֪޵Ĵ㣬֪˿϶뷽跨ֹ˵ֲĲС
ϾͳԵıĲһԵͣһ㶼ǸӣǼûöӡ

ȻѧǻȾûӣǼôƽദġ
һôΣСͣ˵ʲôʲôʲô·Ҫ׵ϲ

ԷʱһߣϸزˣһٷԲ˼ڣʱвˡ
ԺĸףԸҲһͷ

ֻŮҪǫ˳Ҫӣȫ֣ȴδ˵ӸΪŮʲô
ӶŮӺһŮĸ
ֻҪҫ鹣ֻҪ飬ְ׬ǮҾУǹԼҲԡ

ʲôôٲԾ͸ˡ޷һСƤӨ͸ŵķ⣬滹մŽ֭ŷԣ㡣

޶ƤݸһЦл
̾˿ѿӷ£˵˺öΣ˵ллģиҲڵлֲǱˡ

޵˵ͷͲһļ״δ˵Щ˽࣬ȾѾˣܲҪãĶˡ

⻹ԭӣҲԺ¡

ԹС԰ɢʳӣ޵ûط˱
룬װʯźɫӷֱȥõԺӣ˵ӣСŽΣ˵Ⱦġ

³ʣҲˣãƽżȻصͷ
ǹ޶£ôһӣԺüȢ̧ͣͷͷá

ϣҲñ˸˸ˣÿʯɫ͸档

*
յʵһ£ܵȴޣû˴ģǲóѿ϶һˮСĽ

׵ǲ³ɫһ͹ٷ˾ʯɫģ˵ɫ̫ǳʺСﴩūø

ûסЦһ£׹лɩɩ
ͷӣϲôĹĸϲƯѣǹС㣬ԴöȶǺõģʢȴƲǸ

ױ׼Ļޱ£ū澾ˡ 

Ѿ׳ȥѾ߻ɩɩǸ 
۹ⲻ̫ãѡǸĸ統

Ϊ⣬ûٱ˴Ȥʼֳ⣬һЦ֮ҲûӣǵСʱ׽ֳ޲·ߡ

ĸ׵ļױӻˣպףÿɩӺͼĸ

ȥĶķƹݣԼ飬ֳָϣָԼ

ǰ֪ɩɩʲôӣùȥţӣҲûȥǰԺŵ㣬ֳʲôʱˣңȥԺɩ
ɩϲ׽ɩӺá

óⲻڵʱȥ治ײ

ҲܻϲͬǹС㣬ǲһ㣬·Ȼˣͷ˵ӸҲû⡣
ĵСֶΣҲǸչܼңԺҲûʲôˡ

ûûҹؿ˱ЩǼ޸һ׵ķͲⷬˣֻϧ޸⣬ԺһӶûС

޻֪ⱻˣ˱һʱֱǷطʱѾ˯ˣִڱϣɴһƬɫűȴǰˡ
⼸Ӧú࣬Ž׳ĹĶɹػ޾һŴϴϢ

ҴҴӣҹ˯ǰһԸϣҲȥķˣҲȥˡ

ա
⻹ûѣٲȻۼˡ
ŵ´ѣ·ҹϳģƺϸɫģŶ㻨ȹѹ޶·ÿĺܡ

СѾæˣһͷõװľͰһͷˣ׼ȥǽ
޸СѾߣ𣬾˵ȥⲼʩˣܸϻ

СѾߵͷ絷⣬Ҫѽ

ЦЦ׳ţںͷͷһظް£ɲܳ

˳ԺһӣſڣһƬͿӻŻܽɫ˲ף˹
ӷˡ

޵ʲôŻŵġ

ſ죬˵ȶɸ

ӣѲ£üǰԽǰԽ

Ǯ컹ǮùӣǷծ
ֽ֣ǷծǮ쾭塣

ӼһЦȿ޻ѿˡСҲ֪




9.  ھ Ǯޣ   ȿڵ

ʶ߬ӣΧһжʧˣֻʣǷծǮ֡
Ƿ˶ծ

ĿѣͷΣһûվȣϸϽסˡ
ް˰֣û¡

ӴҴˣСȥӹ

͵ؿӣ˲룿ĶҪȥй

˻һۣһֹӣҧ촽ͷֻܸȥ

޼ԸԺǱţϣȥⲼʩ»ţſµ

Ҳ֪ﵽŭһ㻹ʧһ㣬ϴ·ȾӣΪ
ΪԺӻõġ

䣬ߵĺһůⶼоת׵ͷСܹȥ븮˽

ſµ׳֮ûŵģǺ˹һӷˣһôص˵ո󳳴֣Ǹ޵һֽˣز᲻ˣЩǷṫдģԼӡţԱȶԿһ

һǷһǧģһǧģģܹǧ

ȷʵּ

ǧϢǧӣ˱ôȱ©϶ˣûǷǮǷծǱģӢ֪
ûôǮױӼӢĲǧȾɫˣǹеĶ

ˣǷծǮ쾭壬ֻҪǮϣǷ˺ˣ֪ṫǷôǮ

ȥǮǷǧծ£ſڿһۣ⻹û
ʵɻǷ˱ˣ

˵ֵ㲻֪ˣô࣬ôǮԹ˵ǾţһëǿɲһǾָЩǮءˣҶʡġ
ô˵ֵҲǧӲСĿ˭ҵǮǴģôܼӣֻ˵Ųҡ

ṫӶˣô£ôÿϱȥķ
ţſڴһ󶯾˻ͷһǸܹ⡣
ṫӣǺþò

Ųһ٣̧ۿޣɫ糣ɫ糣Ųԣ̫Ȼس˹֣ȻͷǱߡ
ѹüͣˣǮȷǷµġ

˵Ŵˣ⻹ʵһ£˷䣬ǵȷԭǷµǮ
ִŹˣǧû¶

ܹǷǧһһһ֮ڣӦǧһʮ
һұ֤ûǷǮˡ

ӣĸסˣǮô죬ҹܼңɹǮ򶯲á
˿ۿͨ죬ۿҪ䲻ģǮôѲҪҵļױ𡣡

⣺
ȻãȻĿǰΨһеͨķӡ

ǮȻԭǷģҲû˵Ƿûϵⲻ
ܹӣǮգٻꡣ

дǷ͵ҳǮԺʡԼãҲȥķֱǮΪֹ

޲˲ᣬѹûã鶼ˣҲҲǷʧ
±֪ˣֻῴ֣ǮǮҪôϻҪô

ǷǮƾʲôǻǷľ͸Լ
ӣǲǹæﲻϡ

⣺ҴδôҲԣǷĺϸһ£˿Ͻӣǰæˡ

ǷޣдǷ̫ˡ
ΪǷ޲Ÿдо仰ֵˣǷдúսʱÿϢɣû١ٲҲܴױ⡣

޾Ҫ仰֮ǰǮϣԽ֪ԽãȥǮ˳ȡֽʹ
ױӢģܹǧЩ׬Ǯǿܴճһǧĸһǧӣǧ

ǷķǷ˺ˣдһţǷǧһӣ޲ֱΪֹ

û˼ҪϢܰǮϾͲˣָϢ
д֮ǩְӡ

׳Ƿ˺ˣ˴壬Ժɶ£֪һ

û棬װͳȥֻʣӺ⣬ͼѾͷ

Сعţ͵͵۹ޣһѩɫѣɫŵƽ˼أִϣǰһյ裬㣬Ҳ֪ʲô

ûУͷۣǮ϶ûôʲôǸ£ţ޲һվȻͷҲصˡ

ôˡ
һ£һƬհףŲӵӣϽ׷
Ҳ׷ȥ

ԺݴŽգףǮ仹ˣ»ûꡣ
ǮǷģȴǹϵģǧСĿңƽӲ⣬ôǮҲס

ֳǮԼδ׬һ֣ڹ޿ǧڳ˵Ρ
սţ͵ӡ

һŽȥ

޺ϣյģ촩ĺÿѩɫѣĵ˰ףɫ޻ȥʩѣ˵ǼﲼȾɫʱܶƥ
ϡ

ǧ˵ûûôۣܲһ½һٶӣǧ˽Ҫܼ꣬ױӺӢġ
գգۣһ۽ǣһͷ޴վſڡ

⺰ޡ

ֿǻˡ

ⱻ޿޵ۣѽβԣһȥķǮĽˣԴӳ֮һζûȥ

ָҷģû˵ѣȥʻӡ

޵ͷͶˣǱΪһȥҲ˵ġ
ָ޿Щһֱڲȥƹ񡣡

޲˵˼ ȥǧֶٶ

ҶɼˣøײģġҿҲûʲô°ɶģŲŲ
ԭĴõɹ޲Ŷڹǰ˵Щ죬ĸǰ˵ģ쿪ĵسȥһû˺鲻˵Ǯ

Ҹ㱣֤û´Σޣ˵ĻȫˣǸԶŵˡ˵ҹĻŵġ

ްһСƮƮһۣ㻹֪Ļš㶼֪жൣģЩ˲ŲǲӣֻҪǮϾͿ֣Ҽ޸㣬ͼٻֻȵӡ

ⴹͷҲӰĿ˭˵ȥ֪ⲻҴǰججʲô֪Ҳ

޲ֻ̫Щտڰ׻ôš
ˣ׷ҲûãǰĶЩÿ¸㿪Ǯ˾Ȼˡ

ÿҲˣûǮĵطĨһʡʡ

ɱ˵ʡʡģٸǰƵĻǮ޲û

޵˵ͷҼ޸㣬ǾǷޣһ壬Ժӵó³

á
ȿڵģҷˣҲծԺ˵һҲ˵Ǯ֮ǰ
˵̫¹޻ɣԭƻڰ֣˵Ҫȥ

⻹ࡣ
ޣ´أ




10.  ʮ Դޣ   ް˰ڡ

⵱ȻҲġ

һ룬˵ڼҴӸ޴ӷ򣬼֮׽ˣȴǿˡ
Ҫʰ̯ӡ

Щ֤𣬹޲֪˵ʱĺõġ
Ժ̬ȣҲû취

ڵĿϡ

޵һͷ

ȥչ޵֣޵ֺŶȴҪΪ£оҲûʲô˲ģǹЩ϶Ҳá

ͷŹޣίˣ뷨׬Ǯȥ

޵Ъһɣֻء
ҪܣøԲݣֵףܱƵ̫ġ

ɬ

Źʱ绹дء
ʩڣйûʲôĵġ

ΨһľǮȾɫӦ׬Ǯǹ⣬׬Ӳ۶ٶҪ乫Ҳ˵ٺãҲǷǮȱڡ

ױÿ׬ǮǮҪǮ
иСׯӣ괺Ѿˣׯյʳ㹻ԺãԺСʮҲʡ

ʡʡ뷨׬ǮӲ̫ѹ
ûǮӦҲʲô¡

޳ЦЦ鶼ˣʲôܻصûǮʱ򣬼Ȼˣ뷨׬Ǯ
һ˵ġ
ǺףǺ͹ϻǱ˶ˣֻ⡣

ﲻζԸһ٣ôôɵأһңԺʲô£Ⱥ˵

ĵ´ΣͰȴϡ

ǽȥˣ͵ϻ
ûʲ¾ȥӿ緹ްСӺ˹

ӴǰµĲ˵ȷһţԺÿٷˣÿն⣬Ӱ˷ѡ޵ðԵ㡣

ͻȻأкˣȥĶȥĶ
ӱ֤ѹ޵Ļ

֮ǰϸϻˣʩһ˳Ⱥ͹ҲܶһˣʺԴСͽ۵ĹǺ
Ѿȥ¥һˡ

һҲöӣǲҲ֪׹

ûʶծ£ǸѾߣʲôʲô
ֻǡŽţӿܻ˽⣬˽⣬ܰպ϶ġ

˭аѱҹء

ΪһѺ

һ۵磬緹ܲ²˳һ㣬뷹
ȷԸĲ̫һ˵

˴ѴѵӣʡԼӦõģǲ۹ޣء
֪ҪԺõģ׬Ǯ

ٷʲôûʣڵظ޼⡣
޵Щׯ⣬ʡ

ܳ
ǰרĿУΪ˴沢ޣǷǮԼ¶ĺһ޴롣
׬ǮǮϣù޸߿һۡ

뷨׬ǮҲ룬ԴȣԺѾòôࡣ

ùôԺѾиӡ
ԺŵĴʹɨѾĸв˴а˸¿ġ

֪ҪĶѾʲô

޵鷿źīʣµĸܼ˵һԺòôˡ
ףôÿǮҪʮӡ

ްȺСѾ߽еһ֮һѵȺСͷɪɪ
ԺôطҲ껪鷿źʣµȥܼǶԺȱˣǶϡ

̧ͷÿġ
һгѩһԻŷ硣
ߡ

׶һۣмֽȹ޻ݣϵ鷿źĻѡʵֵĺá

ȻܺԼҹȣǸŴԺݺݺࡣ
鷿ÿѾߣ˭֪ү

ް˰֣˵̧ˣͲС
ƯĹﻹûأܳ£ºҲɡ

ɲɵ⡣

ã
ÿĿ˵鷿޾ϲÿģײҲһһ䣬һ鶯

ȻͷֳԺѾһ롣
ʵԭҪôѾҲΪģΪ˷⣬˲ģˮģģȵġ

ѾҲ˵ҲòôѾߡ
Ůӣֻ͹һ˵

뷨׬Ǯˡ
ͷţʣӣʢʲôֻռô׬Ǯ

ǰоһʱײǮǮҲ̾˿ϻӳš
һȳһյģְˡ

ӿһүСĽǳȥˣҲŰɡ
˻ͷϣȥתʲô

̾˿ĻӼ򣬴ӻͳطڻҩǣˡ

ʣˡ

һ˵ĳţû뵽׬ǮôףԭûһְٰҪٵÿƾ٣һ׿ԽҲܴͷʼѧ
룬ֻ뵽ӡ

һǸֹ֣ӽ޽ӣˣˣ˾Ͷˣ϶׬Ǯ
ڶѮѾ޽ӹõȵܽ

ʱ̫á

뷨С⣬ˣöԵö࣬һûǮûҪֻܴСԭ϶Ӷˣⲻӣִֻ߽̯Ҫ׬ǮС

֮Ŵͷġ

һҲûţȥ˲ۣ¼˱ˣСҵġ
ǷǮǧһʮǮһʮûǮˡ

⻹ծͿļҵס
Ҳ£ǧʲôãǴˮƯҲȥķҲֵӻ׬

޽Ӷ쿪ˣûӰȥſӭӭ

¶÷иңų׾ͳ£Ǵ£̳ţû߼Ϳˡ

˸ƣꡣ
ָָ棬׹档

˽ȥһˡ

üôô춼ˣ֪ʱ𡣡

ЦЦҪ¡
Ϸһɰ򿪿

¶ɻ󣬲ԴˣǺüӣмͭ壬֪϶ûǮˣʮĶǮ

û͵ûԼ׬ġ

޸ɻˣ⣺ɱ٣Һһ׬ģԺ϶׬ࡣ

٣ڼ˵и⣬ö㣬һʶڶ㻨ףɽ髸⣬ӣͷöӣȫˣǰһ飬㳢ӻͳһֽ޿϶û½и⡣




11.  ʮһ ϳ   ֮λ͡

޸˱ˮ
⹾ཹཾͺˣ˵ǰƭľйأôһСи⣬ͻ˺üʮǮζһ㡣

ԼȽúóԶˡ
ٺΣһӸ˸СƳһиһӣȳȫȥˡ

׳ǮʣʮɤӶ캰ˣ׬Ǯǲס

۾ģû뵽ЩʵģҲܹúܺá

⣺

иЩˣһ飬йʣԵɽ髸⣬޵˵ͷóԡ

ǮȰǷǮϡ
Ҫù֪ĺã뻹Ǯ

޺ֻͷˣʲôˣͱ˱ȣֻԼȣԭǮȾһǧȴڽͷֻҪĺþС
¶һЦһʮԺ׬ĸ࣬ò˶þܻˣʱǷ˺ˡ

С

ûԷ⣬ˣֻҪУ
ԹϴɾȥˣԭǸ޸֮ĹӣԼҲòĶȥţվҪС

޾һԸ첲ȡ

ãס޵֣ۣûô׬Ǯйɾ˯һϾͺˣܼɡ

޵󣬲Ȼָۣ׬Ǯңⷦ

˻ӣǴ
ˡ

϶Զ٣΢΢ֱЩôˡ

Щ٣үߵŹ¹ˣ˵Ӻͷ˹ȥһˡ
ţѹˣ᲻¶

޿⣬Ҳ

˵ʲô£

֪˿ɴҡҡͷŹʲôû˵Ӻͷ˹ȥһˡ
ΪǷծ¶ǰӲ۶ôŵȻҲû˵̫صĻ 

޿⣬ҲһͷˮǹȥѲǷ롣
Ĺ޵֣ȥ˵

ӳԺԺҲͰӵʱ䣬Яǰ棬Ѿ߸ںͷԺƻͨѾͷ˽ȥ
˶ڡ

ԺÿնΪңҲţÿնҪ밲Сһ¼ô˾Сˡ
һţӢޱ飬Ᾰ˵ͷɫ棬ҡҡͷ

ʹ޲Ƿ룬ǰ˳ɾΪ˶ծ¡

ӢᣬԼ˵±Ĳԡ
һ񣬡ĸףɸ׺ϱͷϱҲһҪס

һǰһǮܹǧҪծҪſڣϱͰŻˣϱҶ˵ǷǮӦһ壬Ҳ˵ˣԺҲȥķ븸ٸһλᡣ˵꣬޿⡣

Ѿˣƣ谵ӢŹޣųжȣǸöϱǡ

ӢһѰϵĲյҵϣӣҵ챻ˣ£

üǷծҲԣǮѾˣңҲ˵ԺҲȥģס
ʲô

չΪԲסޣɽ鶼ˣû

űߵƬ⣬ֻסޣվһվ֪Ӣһң𣬡ӣҿǷˣ

ӢһԼʲôƽպΪˣ㣬㶪ϣ

һֽĪЩϤڸոգ⻹ӻͳһ
ֽ򿪿и⡣
иͶʲôϵ

ΪȴԺȾƶǮˣȥϰ̯ǶԻǶ㴩ˣҲһϽ㿴ɵĶʲô£ҵû㶪ɾ𡣡Ӣһ⵱ֽͷͣ˭ҵĶӸһ

䣬ʲôС
ڸֱСһĻӵڡ

в⣬죬ʵڲ֪˵ʲôӢȥ̯ǶۣѧӣӲһͷС

һһţףȥΪ׬Ǯ

Ӣٻʲôˣ˭һǧǧµĶȫܹˡ
ôȥˣ

͵վүͷϣѾˣһʱȥ㶫ֵλ𡣡
ӣ͹ү˵Ժ󶼲ȥˡ

վû˵Ҳû˵⣬⣬ǧѧãôӢͳ˲Ϊˣˡ
ѵı˶ǶۣѵЩҲǶۡ

ѧԵ˲ݡ

ϵĻһӢŭϣ㿴һ֪ڸĵӣҾ̫ˣڳˣӲˣǰѹĻҵڡ

˻һžᾸӣڵףֻһʱ𣬲ȥͷȻѾ֪ˣͱˣеŵȺҵר־ڴˣһ֡

Ӣ⸱βӣϿӢɣκ˶֪Ӣĸ飬δʱΨһĵӡ
ߺӢ˼ޣҲһ̣竣Ҳδӵͷ

Ƿծֻǵһ㣬ԻǮԴִţǷծǾͲһˡ
û뵽ǣ⾹Ȼȥ̯˵ȥǱСԣ˻١

ϾѾһ飬Ӣʱ˹ȥ󲻳ϣӢȻŭ
һж뷨үŭϹˣѸȫ˹

ϸԼסѾô꣬ںһʱ
Ӣʧ֮ͷͷҲУֻܰһѣʱˮգûкڵĻˡ

϶ӣүϸ

ûУԭҲᡣ
ûȰдʲôأϽ׬ǮʲôᣬԵˡ

ⶼд޲֪ʲôǶԵġ
ӢŭΣҲǷ򣬾֮λˣҲûʲôµġ

վУһһ

ӢֱͷðûǰɣΪʲôһжҸģҿˡ

һƬ
⣬ԭĶңޡ

ס֣ףŬϽδ֮УңѾӦҲˣҲϽĶԲԣǻһɢ֪µˣк𡣡

Ӣۣ˰֣ϵȻȥ㸸ͷϡ

ްѵϵֽ˵Ҫˣδȿڹ޾Ͱǿиõ
Ŷһ磬͹԰ӣתۣ֮λϡ
޳

صԺ޿ʼʰһҲŹһʰ

Ĩ˰۽ǣĬĬʰ޵ļױ

ȶʰãѾǺʱ̡

޵иСׯӣڳǽȥҪһʱ粻ǽȥɡ
֮λͼͷȴˡ




12.  ʮ ¼   ҲգǸʮꡭ

á
û٣Ͱѹ·˳Ķǰ֮࣬ԭģôռطˡ
ⲻߡ

ʣµľǹ޵ļױŻһ£ܶණûãֱҲʡ¡
ϺѾߣȻһߣڳԺѾߡ

ĿӴɨžһ˵ϣˣūչӳԸӷһߡ

ʮźʮ꣬Ķ׸ᡣ
ڹ֪Ҫʲô

޵ԺͲغˣȥѳԺѾ߶

ô֪Ĳ֪Ĺƶ֪ˡ
֮λϣԺûиλĿܣڿǿ֮ĩᾸϽҲûģĸţÿ˻ԵǺȾƶǮ

ԺʲôϢء

ӣɨѾߣģ鷿źīĳѩŷڵϣͷ޲ȥ

޵ҺӽͰһҲûʲôܸǵģһ˶ӣպкӣɡ

лˣлӡӾɪվţ¹ͻȻ˵Ҫߡ

޵֣ȥǰͷ𡣡

ʰĲˣôߵĴߣõķʲôûá
ûãܻ˵ˣܹһ˾ܰѶȫߡ

ϲڵĻҳ߰ɡ

ûŹ޵ûͿһ䣬һУޣ㡭
޲룬дһ飬ǻûԲ޿ټޡ

ߣȴû㲻ǻ𡣡

ᶫСʱѾߴӸŵԺΣжϳˣûϼ˺ͷĳ󣬳ųʻȥ

ǰͷ˻ûãţҺۣⶪ
뿪ҲãӲͲ£ү˾ͳɡ
ӲˣڹҲûʲôãȥׯӾȥׯӣͳɡ
 j
ڣù޿˯һׯϻء

ޱ۾˵ô£ۼˣȴǰδе
ʰᶫ˰ʱԺ֪ܲȴ˹ʡ

ңծи³һ飬붼ѡ
ɵӣպ֮λ˭ͷýֺͷȷţϳ˼ңⱻӲǷծ
׮׮ƺйء

ֻЩûãӢʧ޲ôûӡ
Ӵ֮Ӣһλӡ

*
Ժ
Ӣҹȥ鷿̫ûʲôϣͷϴһԵ뿪ˣŭʢһҹߡ

ȴ˿㳾䶨ˡ
ֶһյ裬Ѿȥˣջְأţ֪뿪ԺѾ߾ԺӴɨٹһӣƾû˼ǵˡ

ϴǳЦܹˣպǲùʱտ֡
ӸձϣҲᾸΪӵ¶չ¶˵Ᾰ

ִǡôЦӹ˸ӣׯҲ֪ܲܵˡ

һʱӲ뿪ٻͷǶඪˣ֪Լҷ˵ˣǰͷϣϲŻĸԸծױӲŶ٣ծͲʣʲôˣִŹˣӹʲôܻ죬ʱӹòˣȽҲͳˡ
˭ӣ˭

䵽ҲǾȡԹñˡ
棬ϸûϹ£ϼױܳˡ

йϡ
޸뿪ǳϵϡ

Ϊ޼޸ǿӢ֮λ֮λûˣ޾ȻӲվࡣ

ԭţ֮λϣҪ룬һһ⣬ܲסһֱȥˡ
δԸһ뿪

ҲգǸʮĹܷʲôˡ

䶨Ҳɿ켸ա

ʻһʱŨŨҹɫڵׯϡ

ׯ˼ңʮˣÿ괺ա
ׯܹʮĶиС˺ɻ

ֵС󣬻л֮࣬Ķ߹ׯͰصصĴƹˣԶٻɫĵơ

Ϻ·۾˺һŲ˼Ϲôˡ

³Ϻˣˣôˣϵġ

޵λҷ˵Դүׯס£ʲô˵

˵ʱˡ
Ϣ㡣

ǹ޵ׯӣǰס˯һ䣬˯һ䣬ӻм򣬾鷳ϺǼ

ϴ죬ϴˣϵĶû˵ðᡣ

ۣһ췢̫£ûɶþ˯ˡ

ûʲô˯⣬¹͸սϣܿϵľɫһ£ߵľȻ֪Բԣ޲ڣ޸ڡ
ԺǺǻҲԼѡģԹˡ

Ҳ˯ˡ
һ˯ͣҪ밲ˣȻٻҲû˯ͷȴǼ亨

һˣû𣬡˯ҲͦɻȥѶʰʰ

ɲסĶ٣Ūġ

Ϻѵ磬ڼſڳ麵̣˼һһģ˹֮Ҳû˯ţ˭ӻҹׯסһһĶ
뿪ϺˣĪṫӼҰˣѲסׯϡ

ȻûȫԣҲˡ
֮󣬾ͰǰϺ˵ˣ˵ЦˣˣҲûķӣҺóлмСӣԺ󲻳Դ

ϺÿͿׯӵճɹæգʳǷɣʮĶأһĶزٶһ껹ܷһǧء
Դܴӡ

ϺûʣӼҵòͣպҪׯס£ôǹ緹͹ȥ㣿

ϵĶûʰ緹Ҳ˲Цˡ

˯ø̤ʵأʳϤĵطԶɽȺиɽˮо
ǰ̵ֻͷϺ˵ĵĹޣ޸ҪӰɡ

緹СͰɣһ̲ˣһ̳ż򵥣ũѾǲķʳˡ

⿴ׯ˼Ѽ࣬Ҳûټ
ɿֳ顣

޼˴鼦ԡ
Ҳһ飬ũҷ㣬ĻʵϣѶ޺ãǣͲϺͷˡ




13.  ʮ    ǰ󱳣

Թ緹޾ͿʼĶ
ЩҼСӷţΰʸϣסԺӲ󣬽һŴһΣ¹ٷűľԵñˡ

ϰٺںá
ļױǴӳԺģǴǰϵļױһЩŵӣ档

Ϊ˽ͼıֻ֮λݣϵļױȫܹ⣬Щ棬ʲô

Щþߣʣ¾Ǽ˵ѣһʰһҲ࣬ȫǹ޵ġ
ﶬѣвƤëϰӷͷ·ѹӵ¡

ׯסòôÿġ

ʰöѾ磬޸ȥ˷ţдһ⣬һжãǲġ
ϺĶȥôĥһҲóԷˡ

Сܹū澺ӷҪס
ūţԽȥܹ͹˵

޵Ҳ޷߰ɡ
ׯϣؾ͸ˣס䣬ӣмݺͳ̨Ŵǰ˸ߵӣвˣһԻиŹư衣

Ͱݣķģܹİӣһˣٴѹ
ˣǸ񲻺ϡ

ūţĶܺһԡ
̨˵ζ޵һӣǲĶԣȹӣլԺЩӾһ԰ɣ˶֡

Ҳ˼Ͳعأ˹޾䷿϶ǲסǷӵ¶˵

⿴żѾ߰ѷ˶ļ򵥣㳢ϲϿζ
ׯм㣬ˣǷڣϺҲû⣬Сг㣬ˡ

޼һ⣬ԡ

ׯ϶٣ʤʣҲ֪ôģζغá
ǵһʵ¶Ц

ھȻãǲԴٲҲĶȥ޹֮ǰܵⲻŵһ춪֮λҲ֮ҪȰš
ͷǱס

޲ڡ
Ͻȱʲôǿ

ºȰ롣

޿⣬ͷԷغܣʲô˲ϣ޾͸˳

̧ͷЦЦޣ뿪׿϶ŭϼŭ˶÷ӵʥּ͸ˣתĻᡣ

޵˵ͷͲˣǹǵӣԵ㣬ׯתת

ׯׯţգιȻ˵ׯϵĶͣϺļѼϸԼġ
ǻǮļѼΪãϺһ𼦵ʮټˣϸʮǮ

ʮǮ࣬պǮĵط࣬͵һһĵŻ
ԼѼʡһһ㡣

ûмҵҪ̳У͵Լܡ
Թȥʰ꣬޺ȥׯתת

ܹʮĶأʮĶصӣʮĶصĻƶʮĶػĶغʣµɢɢĵˡ

Сׯ棬жʮĶкɻźĩʱժԡ
ׯӲȱˮֵعȻָүҪôˮ

˵ûֻܿЩɣȱʣػ
һƬ̣ͦãСȶӣû롣

﹡мѼͷҳӳԣ⿴е

лͯӼռѼӣôԶóԡ
Ҳ˼˵Լ

ׯڳûиճɡ

һۣ㻹óׯںòá
ⶼֵ֪ʲô

⣺ӣƬǻû˵ɡ

㶣⻹û˵㻹ϵЩ

ôͲʶһ֪СֵǺ
Щ򽻵оôòߣôζãˮ޵˫ѧλ
ͷҲܰЩѧá

޸ˣⶼ֪Ҫʲô֪ϡأôСʲôӶ֪С硣
ׯյʳԣһ궼Բ꣬ʳԽԽãҪǵֺãԺ֡

ҾͶԳԵĸȤȾǶġЦ˵
˵ȾͲò˵³ɫӣްѳʱ¾ģϷӻڲأװױ˹

Ⱦϣ˵ᾸŪġ
ǻ

ҲԼû£Ҳģ⸣֮У֮
˭֪뿪Ǹǻء

Ҳ뵽Ⱦϵ£Ĺ޵֣ȾȾʮԺԼвˣҸȾɫ

ûЩ£˵Щ޿϶ţš
Ⱦ˵ɡЦЦǸϲˣ죬ôȥׯӿ㼦Ѽ̡

ϺǼżѼԼҶԵģĶǡ
ģ㼦ѼҲ

ȥҾȥׯ϶ģǮʮ࣬϶

޵˵ͷûӸţҲиӦȥ

⣺УһԷ⡣

ԶɫС﹡ȥׯһʮˣϺһа˸ˣŮа˸ʣµĶǺӡ

ϺһӣϱŮ
һϵׯӣŶܵǮ顣

ԼҵӰöϱ͵ȥùȥÿ춼ժСײɶģȻƹҲ͵ȥ

ǸģϱТ˳ӦãȥͲˡ
Ϻ˵ˣⲻˣԺƾׯ

޳һˣҲزȥˣǸӹˣĶܵ

ϺҪ˵˵ѵķ˲缦һ͹޾ǲһӣû׼Ժء
Ǻúź򣬶ӵĸںͷء

˰Ż·ãҵһũׯͷ˲ټСС
ӲԼġ

һ̶ֻʮǮʮֻСѼӶʮһֻʮֻ
˶ʮĸֻ
һһʮǮ

˵ͦˡ
ǲ׬ʮԺöٵģԭǮִŵģĶ֪ʵôǮ¡
ռ˼ҵ壬Ūԭ֮λĶ˼˵ԭĲǡ

ڳԺʱóÿȣ뿪Ҳȡ
صׯѾǰˣ޸һ

С࣬һ̲ˣ˸

㲻٣ɾԶ

ĸٳԡ

ǰ󱳣һڣ˽ó԰ǰûԹĲˡ
޵дǰæأ˵ˣҪ֪ˣԺ󶼵




14.  ʮ Ƿ   ȣҲ֪⡭

룬޿Ҫأ֪󷹡

޵ڼʱʲôѧ黭Ů壬³һ䡣
Ҫǿ޲ʲôãЩƴѧĶõģٻرԼˡ

˵Ҳյˣ˵Ҳ򵥣ⱻϣӢľתĿܡ
棬ľȰ롣

Ҳ˵֮ټһʲôˣ޲롣
̸˵ϣ޾ǾһֻóԺȶǮˣ֪ϽԾ͹ˡ

ǰǻˣˡ

ǹˣһӦ
޵ȥӿƹѧѧɶġ
дǿ

ͷ˵ãѧÿ죬ʦԺʲôҲ˵ʲô
˵˳㿴ɶ

޲µĲڶ죬ˡ

ĲǱˣǹȡ
һȥ˳ׯûˣԶԶŹȣ˸ͷ

Ŀ⸴ӣԶԶŹޣ˵ʲô飬ǰŹ޼޵ĲãⲻϽԸ𣬿浽һ̣һ㶼ˡ

ѾϣԼ˹ȥĽ㡣
˸ƽ񣬡á

ҿׯںӣĴܵĺӣϣû⡣
أ

޴˽ݣȥˡ

ȰԺǰͷСһȹڽݣ򵥵ǱȲϺ
ŻǽߣҲ֪ʲôӡ

޸˱ˮɡ
ǹȣƷŮˣҲã˿˲裬˵С׸⡣

ģ͵ĳԵġ

ȴӽ֮û˵Ų裬еᣬ˺һŵôŪӣǶˡ

ҹȻǱϳģҲûͦ˵ġ
޵˻һӣҲǻ˿ģ˾Ͷ˰ɡ

̾˿Ժأô죬ʲôʱ롣
Թ˵ţҲûע޵Ȼȴᶨɫںǲ̫ãǾ͵һӣԼ֮λˣҲܹǣ˶ӡ

ʹǰȶԹжٲĵطҲû侮ʯԼҽã㿴ߣҲǰ¡

ޣãû롣
Ȼû˵̧꣬ͷĽ㣬ڿɲʱôˣⲻʲô

֮ǰˣ˼Ϲޡ
⻹ǹͷһ㡣

޸豭Ĳˮϣ˹ӣҪһõó֡Ȼ֮λ֪Ͻ׬Ǯȥˡ

ޣңһмӣһҲмʮˣӲ̫ѹ

Ҫ˵ʮĶÿճʳģټ·ΣŻ˸źѾߣ˹ܲܲǮɡ
˵Ժ˺ӣӻǮԴöȣԺ󳤴Ҫ飬ҪŮܼױ
ĸ˲׬Ǯ

ʵΪ룬ǹһ㶼顣

ȣҲ֪ʲôԻҩô룬պҲȥͻʫ磬û˸ӣô뵽İ

Щȫˡ
ãлһˣѾĸʹˣæտһЩصģʲôãӲǹ˿ģԺЩС㣬Ҳˡ

عû˵ˣ͵͵ģ֪ӱϵ֮ĸ˵ⶼڹ޵ͷ޹ȥʱ͸뵽һ졣
ƽ˵ˣͲ£޳ȥŮóȥˮ

˵ϷˣûȥȰʲô·ǹԼѡģھͳɡ

Сʲô֪һҹߣӼһ͸˹ʱϣѹ˭֪

ȵ㡭ҲȰԺӹȥҲ٣⣬ЩҲͰˡ

һҪظˡһɰޣҵһ⣬࣬Ӧɡ
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ

˵˵Ӧɹһ˾ûУڹʱ޶మͷ黭ͨʫʸ踳ԺҪСׯϹһ
䲻

źɰƱ׷ȥѺɰӽǹȥҿ϶㣬л

û˵ֻǿ벻ס
֪ˣţǰ£ȥ͹ȥˡ

ʻԶ޴״ȥ

ͷũԺӲ˵ĻЩ˵ʲôоӴ֮󣬹Ҳӡ
ûҲûȣ׳緹緹СƬ̣ȻϺǷӵ¶

ϻһʮӣţ˶ծʣ¶ӣʮµģͻˡ
ڲȥǮ׬Ǯס䣬̫СˣԺ˺ӣס¡

Թ޲ŸǸԺӣûⷽ澭飬֪Ҫӡ
һֵǧԼǷӦûôǮ

ѻǨѷӸǺã¡

ϺЩ죬ܿˣ͹ޱϾǴӳģס˴ԺӣСݿ϶סߡ
һɶӣשߣ빤ˣʮӾͲˡ

Ϻкüء

ޣֻҪʮ

Ϻ¸ǷӣƵģ𣬸ǷнµĸǵĽʵӿС
ש·ͻǮľȥɽϿҪúɹɹôأˣһһ˼ͭ壬ܸͳɣϱǹɶֳɵġ

޵Ǿˡ
ʮӣöʮѷӸǵĺһ㣬ԼҲס

ϺЦֲɶ鷳£зԸֱ˵ˣǼƽҲûƣˡ

ºͳﲻһڵ˶ʶ֣ɽˮˣȢӣµµΪһ
ϺԼ˵˿ŲǸׯģԼҸң϶Сׯǿ


ʱѾˣȥīӲˣƹȡ
Ӳǰͷ棬һݵıīζͷֽĵطкܶװá

һˣƺƹǰͷںͷֽ
һӣһӣΪһҲû

ͦã˵ɶɣ׬Ǯ͹Ժӣⲻǳˡ

˱Ϻͻȥתת
Ѯ߲ˮûĶ࣬ϻӣ˼ӣмŲݮ硣

꣬ϵӣЩɲݮġ
ݮϡ˶Եġ

ңЩݮ磬ӣǰҲ


û¶Ҿ棬ҪܽȻãżǮһţ㲻ܵԡ
޿ݮ磬û˵ʲô·ǲݮĻڣС׻ͦÿġ




15.  ʮ ҵ   ˵ͷɩӡ

Ҳûܽˡ
Ҫܽ˶֡

ԹްѼ˱ϼóȻк¡

ǼǮͨǮ˲֪ȥĶá

⣺ϻǮ˵ˣǮֱ㲻С
Щǹ޵ļױʲôûУҲ˼ЩǮңǷǧء

޿һۣһвڵʱأʲôи
һһ⿴ۼһʮٶͭ壬ǽǶŵľһЩΣֵʲôǮ

оҵΣǽģͷȥ̵䵱ǼȻ뿪ÿҲ٣һ˶ЦЦҲǸǳ

Ѿߣˣһ궼ʮˣҲûˣûˣôųﲻζ

չĸţǴ񡭡Ӳ١

˵ͷ

ޣׯӵĵʮĶһСϺæģһңūţҲеģŵù

⣺ţҼš

޼ǳӵķС˱ǵö
뿪Ӿǰĸ

һһ

ʣµľǼױͷģҾߣζǼڲᣬʮֻСʮֻѼҲˣǼĶ

ЩС벻Ƕ˴ţܾã޵ϵֶһ㡣

뵽ľЩպϡ

ҸϺ˵һæ߸ǷӣСһ㣬ԿףӵԿ׶һѡްԿƣʣµľдǷ޸һ۾ˡ

ޣ룬׬ǮȫǷϵӡ

ü˵ꡣ

⣺ϾǵļңҲ׬ǮãԺ׬Ǯһ뻹Ǯ㣬һֱӽ㣬Ǯ֧Σ

⻰̹
޵¶ġ

ЦЦҡ֪˵ٶ࣬ҲûãǣһᾡϺӡ

˵꣬´磬ֻʶ֪˵Ŀ⣬޵⡣
޻һ£ֻ֪棬ֶסˡ

ᣬСׯӱȳڸףȳԺ̤ʵ
޵㡣

븮֮󣬲ùܼңɲ١
ȰѱīãЩٿ̫꣬ܲ

ȥι˼Ѽ԰ʳ޶
ЩСоιСװҶгӣѼӾͲòģͷгԼˮҳԵġ

ׯҲѼģŪˣ˼ǺţȥϺѧôӡ

һвס

޿æµıӰ΢΢ү֪Ͻ˾ͱˡ

˿ĻЩŵ£ǹ޿ľǸӣιι£Χҡ

ţʲôȥɣҲˣúϢ

޷飬ȥſڱӡ
ѾһˣӣиСţһӲʮֻС
˫Ľ֣Ϊĥͨ졣

⴩ɫӣ°ڲ˵ң̫㶯͸ȥˣ¶Сۺܰס
Ҳ֪ôšģػصģӾһһˡ

Ҳ֦ӺһȻһššġ

ûסЦǰͱ޻ͷһأ㿴ҵģ

ҹɫƻСӣӢȴԽš

Դ֪ϱӢϾûкɫ
ӵӻûеȥҹǲ뵱ˡ

뵱뵱
ӢһֱᾸǳӣڷܺѧ緶Ķӡ
ǣӢЩɡ

дãһֱ鷿룬ֻҪͷϴԭӡ
Ᾰ㲻ӣٺ»

ⲻӣȥׯסţܰʱִŹˣôܹĹ߿ӡ
ԣӢУͷ

ʶһֱ鷿

֪Ӣ룬ޣôܲ˽⣬˽⡣
󣬼ȻȥܵͷᾸſģְְҪ˼롣

֮λġ
ᾸҲԽص͵֮£ߵ֡

ϵƣˣǵöŵ㣬ӻȥֳģðŵ㡣

Ᾰס

⣬üᾸʣĸףʲô£

ϵѾͷȥȸסˡ
ãĶһ㶼⡣

ϵûϣĵĻ£̫߲ã̫Ҳá
Ǽĸʲôֲźá

Ᾰȥĸ׾ȥɣȥһΣͲġ
ʲôжţ۰ͰҪȥδ顣

ϣ˵ҲǣȥһңСЩ

Ᾰ˵ͷǶȸˡ


޾ӭڶˣ档

洩Ǽʯɫѡ
봩޿ɩӣûú˵ء

Щ죬澹Ȼ

ֳһͳˣ

ݣСʹ˸ѾߣѾͷţ޽ݡ

ӣûԺӵ᷿Ժǰͷľ׮ΧţСդͷ͵Ĳ֪ʲôˣë׵Сʳԣͦɰġ

ֳɩӵ¼ҡ

ȥܸˣСˣȲ衣

˵ͷɩӣԺס𡣡
ʱˣȻɾ࣬ǺСһӹѾסģһ࣬ת

СҲͰˣǽǽӲġ

޵һֱסţѾ׼Ƿˣʱһ䡣

˶٣ɩ֪Ҳ˼
һȰǺ룬ôȥĲС

Ϊʲô͸ͷϴأܹ鲻ڹ




16.  ʮ Ĺ   ᲻á

һǡ

˵˵Щֳͬ࣬޶֮顣
ѪŨˮȰһȰġ

ңΪѡ

ͷϣֳʲô£ֻҪǮȾƾͳɡ
αضһȥ̯ء

ҲֳиǴ𣿡
ҡͷûôšֳǰǸӣȥи⣬֪׬ǮҾͺܲˣɸײ룬ҹӣǶ䣬ֳ̫ˣһĥûˡɩӣ㿴ҹĸĸЩµģֻо̷Ż̯׬ȡãֳӣײԸЩ

Ƿ˶ծֻҪ֤ٷ˾ͺá

޵ʲôҲöˣܲҪȥ鿼겻ˣ˵ЩǷϻʿụ̯̃ȷһȣҸı䲻˸׵Ĺ۵㣬֮λҪҲա

֪ԼȰ
ͷɫЩͳԺأԺô죿

˿һӣÿмʮӵĽˣʲô⡭棬ڴ֮ǰһ°㡣

΢΢ֱЩʲô£ɩֱ˵ˡ

޵ʯɫӲǴģǹȾģȾֳġ

ǣ档

û뵽ֳȾģֳȻȾ
ɩӵ˼ǡ

޵ͲСˣҲѧŹܼˣңױҲš

׹޵˼ˣױӹгֻҪѲҪԺ϶׬Ѵѵӡ
һֳܰ

ˣһᾡá
ԭҲûֳָھԼһѣȻֳѪͰ׷ˡ

³Է׼Ѽˣɱ
ϸȥˣӲڣҲûɱ

ûɱ

żȥϺңɱˡ

ɱëѪС飬װһ衣
϶һ

ˣһóԣǰͷԺвˣȱɶժɶʹˣף·ȴȵžӡ

޵лЦôȰ𿴹޳ˣ͸Ů
Ƕңܰһһ㡣

޶żݣ⻹ûѾ׼ջˡ

һ̨йҲòɣֻͷмһͷ

׷׾͹ô˳ˡ

ߣ׼ˣպãıĺóԣȻǾͳԺõ㣬Ҳ󣬵úú

ȹˮһ飬ѪĭȻȹͣǣÿ鼦ɫ֮ˮӴнĩӸ룬ٰ׷ϡ

ҲѧˣǹĶõõ³û
ɩӶԼ𡣡

޸ϹǣʱֳҲ

Ծˣ⻹ˣĶ³ģû˵ʲô˹ӣǾ£ֳܸ뿪Ⱦ

Ͼ޼漦޹湷⻰˵ĺм

֮Ҳû޿ӦòˣʢһЩкԷ

޵ĳպܺãûй޲ĶͷԷʱɩӣһȥ֮ѲҪΡ

ĲҵֻҪֳɩɩѪ

صͱȥԺʻ
϶Ůһ񣬱ϾϵӣһԼ⣬ˡ

ֻ浾ʲôǿʤӡ

ׯӹôֳֻڼУͬ˵˻ų˷

üڼСôأ뿪ڼлȥת

˼Щԣѵ˵ΪֳȥȾƶǮˡ

Ͼôġ
뿪ż죬̲ס˵ӣָʲôǰѹҵϣܳŵסꡣ

⡭´ȥһҲȰһȰǼĸ˵δýȥ㲻һãܻü䡣һЦ⡣

˵ͷлĸסĸףŮһ󡣡

üë΢ֱ˵ǣο֡

ŮôˣۿҪˣֳ׼ֻ֮ǲеģŶѧѧܼұ£֪м䲼ĸףܷѲױ

Ϊ˽С΢û뵽һھҪӣȥǶѲʲô顣
ɾһ䲼ƽֲ׬ǮҲ͸ˡ

統ģŲġ
Ҳǣ˭ҪôÿصģĶôɵ

ϵͷҲãĸҲ⣬Щ²ż汸Ĺӡ
ȡķֽ֪ǼĸǶиңѣҶԲס磬ҲԲס㣬ûл˼

ϵֳ󣬺ܶʱҶ֪ôֻȰ㸸ף˵Щ²ţԺҪʲôֱ˵Ҷᾡ㡣

ͷл
˵ʲôֻҪ

ùͺá

Ϊֳɩе¶Ѫڣֵ壬ûʲô¡

õ֮ȥһˣӻˣͷ˿϶֪
ˣƹ²Ⱦ

ƹգϸá

棺ǹһˡ

ƹСĿɫС㣬ı
˵ˣ֮λϣҹԺǶزˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽ١

üûˡ

ֳȷڸˣպҪӣӦû
˵Ǹƹֳ֮λûˣȾġ

ƹһṫȾԺͶ٣ɶܻ

ô˵ʮӣһҹϣĶܵˣûֳﻹǵġ

ɩ˵ȥӣɱȥƹݶķ



ŻָһӣһľϣдСгж̣һһǮﻹоӡ

Щ˷ӶӣʣµĹ߾Ϻһ裬Ӧ
޿ôණĿɿڴ͵ޣ㿴ЩӦůȻϾˣԶãˣۼҳԲǮ

ҶˣһоӣһҾ͸ɡ

޿һͷջҲЪţķͷԹҸ⡣

еıӺϸóԱģҲԵı
᲻á




17.  ʮ ֲ   ¶ʮһӢ

ԳԿǼС£ǣ̻ʵӣޱġ
ֻ֪δ£޻سѼ׷óţš

һˣһһ뷹һԵͷ˲̧
˵໹ӣʲôĶУ񲼷һ׬Ǯֳܲϡ

ڴڳԷһڼȣľǺóԣζǣЩǰоʮ֮һóԡ
¹޻ɣ͵ұĲᣬû飬û⣬ͱָˣһϲͨŮɻۡ

ʲôߣһģֻۣҪⲻȥģʲôӦã԰ɣֻҲˡ

һˣһֻ治ԡ
ԼӣǮ֮ס

ٺЦҾȥɻ
̫΢΢ľȫᵽſڣһԴ֡

ϸƤģͦ¶ġ

ľϾľ壬ȻöӶɰ߸ߵĳľΪ˵ľΪ²ľ壬ָľŶá

͵ҿ˵ֲǲ˵ĸ֣˳ԷһֻܹĶУò

޾ţʱʱݹȥһľ塣
⣺ȷӣֺˮ־Ĳ˺㿴

εľӣһһģͿ԰Ѹȥֱϡ
ʹãˣԸõÿռ䣬ָĲˡ

ӣҲܳԷܳԵĸá

޴ûֲ֣˶ڵֳֻôֳʲô˲ӳԵĸã

⣺ռӣġ
ܸ

ޣ
ľù˵ǶԵģֻҲֳ֪ңǴıϿģȻ飬ǺܶӦöֲ˰ɡ

ôͣǺϡ٣˿ڶ࣬Ҫ߲ȴûеطֲоķӡ
ңо

мԪأҹ۲ֱӡ
һº˭ҶеأĶõⷨӣҿͦѵģһŪһԣľ϶ˡ㲻Ҳûɶ

գգֺۣЦЦ˵ǰɡ

㲻ɹɶ취ׯеأԴ׬ǮҲΪԺҪԺ˺ӣǮĵطࡣ

ӻûá
ЩңûӣȻøǹӣȻ࣬ǱڹǲһЩ
Ӧһûﲻ֪ôˡ

ù˵ҪѲ취Ҫ޿ʲôҪȾϲܱϣɲĶ׬Ѵӡ

㶣ţЩ㰲žͺãҿǷĸţױҰˣԺһǷϵӣҪǻ׬Ǯ͸һЩɡ

϶Ȼ޵ǮĶ

ЦЦôһãҿܵǣҲġ
֪֮󷴻ڣǸʱľѳۣʲôӡ

⣺ã뿪ﲻ̫࣬պװѰѹؾˡ

һľ̫ɽˣϺɫϼһƬ˴֣ѹ߹鵽һӾջ

Ǽ棬ȥ¶һ֡
ޣ㿴Ҹ档

õŲ֪ôرԲ⣬˳ֳϸ档

ûô࣬ˮ档
ͷѾשɳˣʹϺܿ

Ƿӵľׯϵжһһʮͭ壬һٷ
޾иˣһˣʳͷ㡣

һû͹һÿ˶ܳԼڡ
޾ôǮǮ£װԻǾϸ㡣

שͷɳǮˣ

ѡլסԺӲԶͼʮľ룬Ժϣ䣬᷿䣬լأӦͦġ

֪סã׬Ǯ˾ͰسˣҲⱲӶסˡ

죬̨Աߺůͣ¶ʮٹһˡ
϶ùȵġ

ûãҲʮ죬Ǿͺһޡ
ӡ

ˣԷʢ㡣棬òóԡ

˶֣ȥϣ˸æȥ룬¶Ҫѧᡣ

Ϊ˹ޣǼųմ⣬ӣūūţ𱰡
˲óԾѧܻóԵġ

˵óԡ
вʧ壬ɫ̡
Ⱥһͷʱˣȴ³棬ıˡ

޲ںֳܲӾͦá

ԹȥӣҪˮԻҪһʢˮġ
ƺãľһʱľ棬ܴ϶ˮ

ȰѲݮ˽˵Ͳ˲ӡ
ֲֲ߶Ҫ񶹽ǻƹЩҪܼԵֲ϶С

Щȥˮϴ䣬ˮϴˮ裬۵ģøϽ˯ȥ

ѾѴ̺ˣСҲСĺôһЩԵܰϢɡ

ͬô죬⻹ǲ̫ϰߡ
رʲô

ϵˮɣҴơ

ƹһ𣬵ֻ¹⣬˯棬˯棬˸ǵĻǴ
޴£ڼϣЩɢ˱Ϻߣⶼѹ

£ƽһ飬˯ɣҾͲȥˣڼŪӡ

޵øǷˣûӺʹŵ㣬ּҾ£Ӧòָʲô
޷˸⣬ģо仰㲻棬׬ǮЩҵõöࡣ

ҲҲʲô

֣밲οοϾ˵϶ģִӱȥ˭֪˰Ҳûҵ


ס޵֣ء
˵¹Ϲ롣

ôҲǸˣֲĲУҲΪ˵ɾȫȻ
.ް

һ飬˯ȥ侲˺һԼô޷˯ߡ
ʱ˶ӣΪ˹޺ãõȡ

ɵ

¶ʮһӢӵӱʥ׼ͨӣӢδΪᾸ⡣
գӢ˼ңҲ˵ǰңӣӢݵģʲôû

㿴뿪ʲôû˿һۣЩǳˣǳŹȥġ

Ӣŭʲôǡ




18.  ʮ 齴   óԡ

Ҳᵽǰ֡

Ӣͨ죬ָ⣬˵桭ӡ
ӢؿڣͬؿһۣӣҲ˵䣬ʱҪʲôǿ

ⶨؿϣԭļЩңϲһȰļĸ
ӢҲǸϸĸס

Ĺ޵֣߰ɡ
뿪ֻ׷˳޹ȥ˵仰ȥˡ

ԶԶֳɩӣ̾˿
ֳȻȾӦòƣȥ֡
ֳǻȥˣء

Ҫ߬ԲҪ


³ɶ֣ˡ
ϸо泩˼꣬ٸҹҹڵõ
ܲġ

ϰѶӽйϸһԶΪǣ֮λȻģ㸸ָᡣ

Ᾰĸ˵ǡ

ϣЩҪúְ㸸֪۲ѧ㲻κˣʵӡ

ЩᾸһֱףȻҲù飬ԶԶ˦ں档
ĸ׷ģ鲻һ͵£ʮ꣬ߵһͻȻϣҲܸϵϡᾸаյġ

һЦѽҷģ¾ȥˣҲҪţӻںͷȣԽʲôϢ㸸˵ûûݣʲôǡ

ЩֻһʱӲ
Ժׯڴ򽻵أ˭ǵ
̹ӣôܵ泯
еǮҲȴ˺ùˡ

Ᾰĸ˵ǡ

뿪޺ȥתת˾ȥš

޵ܣ

⣺أôˣ

޵ĴȥɣðҾߡ
һЩ²ܰѷǡ

ͷ˵ãֻĵ̫ôҪüӡ
ǰ޿϶˵ˡ

ϻоӣһϻӵģͷ飬ܹӡ
ǮԺܻ׬ӡ

ŵĳȥ޴ȥׯ˳ɫ˿ߡ
ϻңɫҪԼ䡣
ƹ죬Ҿˡ

¶ʮߣڰãŻͷЬӣϻһƬ
īɫīɫӣԴ䡣

⼸æңûܹ⣬ϺѾõػˣ⣬һСӣ˵á

޽ȥľһһ˺ܸߡ
ľһƬһƬ磬Ѿѿˡ
ûľһմˮɴɴϣһЩˮ

ˮ೤ʱ䣬޾Ͳ֪ˡ
ǿЩһ̣ϲ˵ý

УϻĲݮĻѾлˣͺͺģ֪ܲܳݮ

˵ܣԼ˹ڷۣĲݮ𣬵ٷְйӣڳӣʩʣԹյӿ϶óԡ
ЩģȽգѡ֣ôһ룬¶ء

֮ݮˣ׬ǮȷӸǺʣ±߽ϣʹܸܲӡ

һ˼ڵʱ÷ɿ죬һһ£ˣͦġ

޵Ѿ߰ˣϲ⡣

Ŀ϶⣬ô˵⻹ǰǰϸһ飬ҵĵһ¶ʮߣҵø

޵ֻһҶѡ

ôˣҵĵһҪǵã³ǴϲӣԺÿ춼ҪôӶҪţӾξϲԡԴʹ϶ġ

Щ£ھ£Զأô˵ҲеЩӷ˴£Ҫŵġ

֮ǻ⣬ʱһҡ£ôˡ

һٳԵľô࣬ׯϣȻûڹԵĺãЩۡ

룬ǽûȥһˣ⣬ǳԶڶӣ
һʮǮҲһʮͭ壬һǳԵġ

Ӻá

ûô࣬ð֥飬Ҹ齴ӣ׼

޿ûԹ齴ӣ齴ٳԣܺó

ܿ޾֪òóˡ

ڳæ޹ȥ֣ôǰæϾ֮䣬һ£ҲмȤ
޼Ѿϰˣߣӣ¶ؾݵֱۣûͦÿġ

֪ģǰ粻ֲܿģҰ׾磬ÿ쿸ľͷػأɲٻϾͽʵˡ
ʵãòҪӡ

ʱʱһۣĥ̶òȡ

ĥǻϽģֻô󣬿ĥС֥һʮʮǮһܹһӡ

ͷС˻еϼﶼУǲ򣬻֮ͽĥ֥齴
лûӰƤĺƤȷ֮ĥ˻

һʱ֮ȫζ

޵Ҳ̫ˡ

ЩᣬҨĴ֥齴׻һ¹޵Դȥˮ迪

޺ɵȥ֥齴ˮ֮Ũϡһԣζֱܡ
Ҳûţ˸룬˸֭

С׽͵ģһϣСǣһΣ棬װ֥飬ժĵ˵ˮȡ
ȹ֭֮ͣһɲǼ䣬žͻζͰ֥齴ζǹȥˡ

޵齴Ҳˣϡģÿӽһһ˳
⵱Ź޵֥֭齴Ű裬ӡ

Ѿˡ

þȥȣȻ飬δлζɶǶԲĽӡ
ˮŽ¹Ȳؿڸ֮Ҳˡ

⾹Ȼӣһɺÿˣ˵˰ĽӶԢա
ʲôţһڶĸǳԡ

ġ
ǲѰ޾һӴ֣ɷ

컹һǰһʮһ˳ʮ죬ʣµĿϼųԡ
޻Ϻһ̣ǲūţھӣȻҪúദ

Щⶼʵģǡ

죬һӹƤڴܿͷɫڶ
֥齴ϣһ˷˼ףװӻϺһ룬дǮ⣬Ϻ˶࣬ҪӶ飬һ굽ͷԲ˼⣬ᴿĽˡ

ˣ齴û͡
޼Ž齴һȦ͵ﳢ齴ζ֥ее𣬿̫óˡ

ڶҲóԣòʧζûʧζ
齴պʲôóԡ

ˣͷԽӣھһ
Ķ˵㣬ôóԵĶ̯Ҳ׬Ǯİɡ




19.  ʮ    ⲻǳ⡭

ڶζСʧζպ齴ܳʮһ
Ҫ֪ǰԽӣ

ǰ϶û¹ӣȻŪôóԵĽϡ
ǲ֪˼Ĳһ׮ãҪǺܶǾͲˡ

һǵ֥齴ȥа϶и
иɫÿԸ棬ܵԣӲһ

ƹޣⶼǿ
һ˼оϣ׬ǮҲ׬˼ûй޻硣
޲ŶʮСʮʱڸɶһ˼飬˽ѧûùǮ

ȥ齴һٸԸ⣬Ұ֥齴ķдӿ϶һڶڶġ
۾һбڶģ

޾ͳԹڶڶڶʲôζ
˵˼㹽ף²Ϻʡ
ڶǿɶˡ

޸Ͻһӣ
ȻͷһʱҪ⣬ôӳ飬ʲôԤˣɲƸڸȥӡ
Ҫ꣬ҪӶʣˡ

ԭϣõĹӻƳҪһ㣬˭ȥٸȥ
޵˼ǴӴǼѡһٴϺ

ȻǰװæǣǶ
ǳæҲУˡ

ϣް¶ϺӣϱҲڣҿʼʱͳɣٳһûȥɣӣܵ£ϱ룬֥ĥ֥齴Ū㻨Ǹĥ̫СˣϺûдһЩġ

ͦãҿŪڶǼȳԽӡ
еǿԴֻī׬Ǯ治ʲôǵ뷨׬Ǯǡ

޵Ҫ˵ȰڸС̯˰һǮĻŪǮϻӣŵû¡ڶʵĺãϾˣǰĻ·Ųסȥ⣬ȵٶ⡣´򣬴©֣ΪڶһÿһҲһȥ

Щⶼûޱϸ

һһñʼǣÿöٽڶҪţʱ򰮳ԵľͶһ㣬ɶҲ붼ˢɾҪľζ齴ǵԼţǶϵģ䡣

Ҳмˣ񼸸͸ɵܹӣһɨ飬ôҲˡ
ƽջܸȥӣ׳Ǵλع컧֮󣬾ûȥ

Ҳȥӡ

޵ˣǹȥ˵Ҫĥ齴Ҳǻȥĥ֥飬˾ͻˡ
ͻӸһ˭ȥ϶̯

ҺóﻹиӣȰѶŪȥԺϾͰѳǶ
һƳһڴţҲ㣬ȡˮ

ЩϼƺãȥϺһˣˣĶЩ²ûػȥ˵ġ

ͷӦˣҿͦȫˣ벻ԺϢһҾȥ

գգۣأ㲻˯ѽ
ⲻǳһöû

ȥˮ˯ȥϵҡ

´ҪһǸһɡ
ݣͷǺأһе㺦¡

Թ޵κҪⶼûֻܾС̫ˣϾˣȣһһ

ƫƫ޵ĺɨԣеûš
ˮҲû

ˮ˾ˮϴ
õˮϴˮˮҲģⶼ
ϸ۲ɫκһ飬оõĲ̫һ

˯ɡⴵ˵ƣЬϴ
һϴǹˣ˼ؿھʹһֻ޹ǵС֡

ɲǼ䣬˸飬ץס˹޵֡

ϸϸģôˡ

ˣĶ֪ܲԼô£ҹڣʲô¹޲С
ͻȻ¼ңľذɣڼÿЬЬҲ鷳㿴ܲ˫ﴩЬ

ޣŶ


ֵģľذ廹ûأٸ˵ǲˡ

ֻ֣ץסһֻһֻأ޲һֻҲϡ

ӽˣҲȣ˯ɣ˾˯ˡ

̾˿һ磬ǰʱбÿ춼öȣ϶Ҳбģı̼뿪ʲôûˡ

û¶ģһС

붫ܿ˯ˣ˯š
ĬҲ.ޣǹ⽵ȥų˯ȥ

һ磬ûȥ˱ˮȻֻ˸
һ磬ټ˯ġ

޲ַ֪ӦǲΪ⣬ȷһţ»һ£֪ˡ

¶࣬ûʱġ

Թ緹ȥϺ¶ϲ⡣
ӵ·ҶһɳɳɣòŶһɾУ

ֻѹ޷Ը¶ãҷ˵ɾɣϷæͳɣպȱ˻ͷء

źٺһЦĶɶˣǸ¸˰ˡ
ǳɣͷӴ˹ȥ

һ׬һǮӣɾжʮء
ҸǷӣǼһһ˲ʮǮ

ǲⱾ˭˭Ӧ
ׯһңһŮŮѾˣӶȢˣŮһʮڣʮء
׬Ǯ·ݷŪġ

ϰߣ˵ûţϱ۰ͰͿ˭ȥ
ⲻ˵¶ʱ򣬰ϺϱǷӹ˳Եôˣòô˵ġ

ϵ϶ϱȥϴϱڼԺҷӸǺ˵¡ƣҲǣɵû㣬л˼

ϱͷӦǣԼҰ˭ȥ׬Ǯǽϣ׬Ǯ˭⡣

ѹ޷Ը¶ãȥоڶˡ
ĽӿʲôڶС

УУ²˼㹽ףڶ϶ׯϵĲˡ

ׯû㹽ȥ
㹽иѸŪʣµôϴɾгɶ

ϣ㹽СУһʵġ
ɲֹͷо²˼Ϻףľĩ㼫ˡ

ڶǮҲһ

һݽʮ廨ʮһһʮӣһݾǶʮһݡ
ʮһһʮġ

㹽ڶʮһݡ
ÿݽ齴

޾ⶨͦ˵ģʢӦò١
ǰ֪ö۸ˣ˭Լ⣬Ķõȥųԡ

ȥ




20.  ڶʮ    ׬Ǯ

ϵĶϱţ̽ŵҪȥ˵˵

զ˵ϷһԼҹģūŲ࣬ǵūŵĶ˵ӵĲǡǻأмĶ˵ɶ

˴뱲ӣûӵأҼһĶ˭ȥ
ϵǺúøɣҺǰֳҪ׬ǮɲҪɶ

Ҷʵˣ׬ǮǿɲҪǮ
׼˼죬³һһ׼ãӼŰϱһϵ˳ıīӡ

һʱĳ̣֮ûЪţϽƳŹ֮þһƵϣֵڰ̯
˶֣ͬĶ±ζռȳʳһ̵̯Ҳ档

̯λ˶ͣȰ֧
ͷĸּˣ齴ӡ

ǹд֣ģɫĵײɫ֣ԶԶܿ

ںӣɩӿЩӣһ˹ûóԡ
ڶУУ㹽ʣʮģʮģʮģʮġ

ӵĴԲͲεģ©ףҲԲͲ״ģһ©һݽӡ

̽Ӱںã쵽ˣеţͷһظô¶
Լ̯⣬¾һݶȥ׼һٷݵĽӣȥôȥ
Ƚסš

ôģ˲úɤµóԵ齴ӣȫʢǾһϣ

˼飬ɩӰװ齴չ޸Ӵ򿪣ڽӻûϣҪ齴ˣɫɫͷܿƵ̵֥ĴжΣСԱ߻һõࡣ

֥齴Ҳ̫࣬ܲصζһ룬ͷͣſ̫ˡ

齴ӵζû˵ҹͷĺóԶˣЩڶһģء

ϵϱЩųǵһؿôˣͷһء
ӲʮСأզҲøӳǰͷ

ȻЩȣϺѾʼһ߽һ߰ˡ
ڼǳԲϼٽӵģҲ͹ǼԵĵ˰ӵȴһһĺá

һߦƤһƤڴĽӾͰˣÿԪ״ϲ졣

ֻһݽӰ꣬ûп˹ܿ˭̯λǰͷվżˣռ±ζǽһ֡

⡭ֵܣ˵զ¶أզûšЩټȶͷðˣͷȫòϣȥ䣬һҲͬװ磬׼һͷ˿ȥ

ṫ˵ģڵĶøɾ˳ԵĲŷġ
ɶ׼ˣûզ

ӵסɩȱģҲζ϶ûȰţʱ˶˹ϡ

ϰһüӣֱ
ݣŵһˡ

ֵܼȾƣ֮θջǵģԵȺ棬ڼתһȦͿ齴ˡ

˵ھԶȺӣҪȥôƲһԾˡ
զ

ЦǺǵ˵ˣ˵¿ӹֲһ䣬ڶʵϣְƵ齴ϣ׼һλڶΡ

һġ˿˽ڶȷ绢ԣȫ⣬ɫŻʣͷһȻҪԺõġ

ʮͭ壬һԵСӵȽӳ
¹һ©ף¸˵ŪˣǶһݡ

Ȼ٣С̯ʲô
ӣӾȫˣһǵϴԲԲĹĵģȫǽӵζ

һӣ齴Ӱѽӵ˹ȥǱ߻࣬͹ҪҨһס

ˣô԰ɣúõĽպʲôľ齴ӣҲƣֻǰһľŨ֥齴
ǧ̣㣬ں֥齴ÿζûȥ˱ǡ

ڶζأЩƫζζأǡô

ûһƵĿ˾ͳӡ
ʣҨ࣬С磬һģҴȥ

˵꣬ͷҲ̧ؼԡ

ӣҪ̧ͷʱԱ˺Щˡ

ӰҪǷˣˣֻֽϣؼ֮Ϳʡһ飬Ҫ´߰ø

ӻһ齴ѽӵݹȥøɽ
Ķ뵽ôһӵ˾ô࣬Ǹ͹ٳԵ̫ˣˡ

ֶӰˣһʮôڶ㹽ģʵĺĲࡣ

㹽ζЩ֣ܺóԣֺóԣȻࡣ
һ磬һʱڶ˵ףĻʣһЩ齴Ҳʣףϵñˡ
ܹ˾ʮݣܹ׬һǧŰٶʮǮ

һϻͭ壬ģÿϲɫ
һǮӣһ׬ôࡣҪҲ׬ࡣ

ųӣڶŻʣأûԷء
ӵǾͳԽӰɣ˵ˣҪʣͳˣԲ˵ȥ

ʣݵܳԵͣһ˾ܳʮû뵽ܳôõĶȻҲǄ㾢ԣһ˳Ըʮ
ʣʮû󣬻Ǯϻ׼һȥ

Ъһ˾ˮˢˢ룬ѳӺ̨ɾȥ⣬Ÿϳؼҡ
صѾˣϸϽԼң۵ļ򣬸ⱨϲȥˡ

ӣˣӿɺˣʣʮǳʮĶȥˡϲ̵ôǮ

ɲǣһϻͭ壬ɱȼӿŶöء
ӰѽϷȫ˵һ飬һô̻ʣôҪ˵ڶݣٸŶӣæĶˡ

Ȼٲ˼ͼӴס
Сͻ飬˵Ӳ

ĻӼ򣬡СаһӦء

һϲɫȻ˸ˣ⻨һӣϲ֥飬ɱһǮ
׬ǮӣȥָԼҵһǮ࣬Ƿְ

һȲϱīӵ⣬Ҳǵһ죬Сӵһʲôûȥ
ҵһ׼Ļǲ֣ٳһ㣬϶ֹôࡣ

Ц֪ˣȿˮԵġ

ӴںˮĨ˰죬࣬С£
ͷʮ㣬ȥ

޵Ҳһ죬͹ܵأúЪЪ˯ݸŽⷦ
׼õڶڶǴһġ

һ⣬Զһ
һʱ˷·ϣʵڻ

޵취īסˣҪȥʢֻܡ
ܰѶѾʡ²ˡ

޵ֲֻ֣л࣬ء
ޣ㿴

˲㹽Ǵģ㹽־С㹽̫Сһ޿ġ




21.  ڶʮһ ݮ   Ҳ

ޣʲô
ʲôûҪȥⶼˣ춼ˣڵϹģܿʲô

֪ˡ˸ӣŹ޵֣ȥǸСӡ
ڣɶŵ˸̨ϣװһǵƻ𣬿ůڵġ

ѽľӰܹӣ޿һͳɡ
ֻϺһƬȻͷЩɫС㣬ʲô

̨ӣʲô
һֱֻϴŵ⣬ûɣŪ˺ü죬ųô㣬ɱСʹˣһһ

΢΢ţ㹽СĢոðͷأΧľмɫм㹽ֳˣ

Ⱕһû٣һٽӵء
һϲǻûأ͹ˣôģһû˭Ģ

㹽ˣҾ͸˶ľмˣŪ˵ˮûٹܹ˭֪ͳˡ

ĢͻСһСǿӷֳĢǾ˿
Ģľ˿ڸɽĢˣֻҪúðѸϣǺ껹ɵĢ

ľȣҲԼ֡
ľľͷ֣ҾϲʪĻɽϵĢ泤ľͱࡣ

Ծͷÿնʱˮ鿴˿ܳĢ
Ģÿ죬һһˡ

ޣԺǲ㹽ˣԭľмϾУ㹽ɶľȫˣԭ֣Ȼ뵽ַӡ
ûסЦһ£㹽ҲأҪׯ㹽Ժ򣬻ء

ʡǮ׬Ǯ

޾ɣ־ı˺öܴ࣬ÿȥķƹݵСӴ򽻵޾Ʋۡ

ԴҲϹģ١

ľӰȥڽܹ䣬֮ջСһľмľ˿ٳ㹽ԴԴϡ

һۣϹôһ㶼أ϶û˼

Ź޻ݣ㿴ݮҲˣ϶һƬݮأĲ࣬ŹӵӾͺˡ
ֳ㿴ʲôȥȻǮ

ʵʱ޶ǷǮ£ҲԽԽޡ
޵ѽ׬Ǯһһô֣Ǯ׬Ǯҡ

޵ͷЦЦãЩپҵ̿ʲô
䣬Ǽ㣬ȣڿӾˣЩϰҲûбҲĺúõ

ô룬ⲻ֪ûţյ̼ıһţпϺ̸
˯Ļ

ԺӣҪУջ̴ѿڴͷߣ¯ҲŪͷˣͷܸɾһ㡣
̺ѡһÿĿϯϴãڴʱ˵¡

û˯˯˯ļҶȱ̿˯Ҫ°ÿࡣ
޵ѽӶ࣬ԷŵҿػѾˣ˶÷Ӿ

˵˵ž˯ˣƫͷһۣЦһ¡
Ҳһ죬ûʱż۸¶ȥǰ˵ңҺ·һ˳

ڶƤҲǹ׼ģÿôһСԴҲá

⿴ӻûἸҪԺˮŪãеŪϴĵطʱŪͰҲᣬͲǿˣǲһҪɾ

ЩҲܿ˯˹ȥҵƻϨԼһͷһصƵ㵽ô

ûԺãŵϱһţ͵ˮ
ɲףԶܵسȥˮʱܹŵ˿ɲԼϱȻĴȨţһŸȡ

Ϻˮ۾񿴵ۣ£ۣǰӶѣȥأ

ϣȥ˼ǽĺã
ү˰Խӣżĺ÷ȥͷԽӣ⵱ô

ϵҸæһ磬ŲմأͰӣֵǮȥϲ඼ˣԵҲǽӣʣʮ

ϣһ׬һǧ˰ٶͭ壡
һʱĳɲͭ飬ȥɱҲٶͭǮأӣһ˿ֵ

Լҵ˸ǷһʮǮŮһ׬һٶͭء

Զɴһô׬Ǯҡ
զأȻȫȥˣôǲҲ׬Ǯˡ
һ֪ɶԶһ£ҲԼʲôУ׬Ǯ㣬ô׬Ǯϱ˵
ﻪ ס
ϵǾģϵĻûأļƣӦøãҿֵȥ⣬ʮء

˭⣬ǿӾ׬ǮĻĶȥѽ
ϵͷѣѣҪ˵ɻ϶ƵĴ˭֪ṫ˵Ҫɾ㣬ѲҲвһЩˡ

һ˽ʳӶ飬Ժԡ

Ͽɸˣ׬ĸأǮԼϱҲˣ϶ü٣Ҳ̰ǼСǮˣ˵Խ׬Խࡣ

ϵǼҵĴ󹦳һ˵ǰͷҶдԼҰ﹤ûңɵúúøɣиӺúð϶һ㣬㣬ȻҲðúãһһС

˵һ䣬зƵĻ͸סˣһһٶͭ壬˼ҿûõ

ϹӦǣҲϼˣúõĻƲŪˣĸҪأҪĺã˵϶з

ϵϢء
һ˸ظݣϹغţ͵ƺϺ˵
⻹Ϊȥأǣ⡣

Ϻ˿ں̣ǿɲ˼ҿǳġ

ϵų̣Ҹ˵Һҿ϶⿴ţҲֻһҡ
С̫̫أׯƽɸģҲֺã˭ҹӲǸԼ

˭׬Ǯ϶ۺ졣

Ϻզ

ƲһۣզҪ˵ͱ¹ܣѷӸǺãʲôӶʵݵûˣҿ϶ĺô

ֻҪţͲǣأ϶ǡ
һ˵õȮš

룬ӻںͷأ¹͹ôģôӣܲˣ
ҵԼ׬ģʱ϶ڡ

Ҫôӣζѡ

䣬ܿ͵˵ڶ졣
磬ʱˣҪڶ档

˵ˣҪ֤Ͼܵʡ

˵죬ггⶡȻСڶ
㹽²ҲгɶҪľæѾîʱˡ

ҲˣϴɾͰڶϳȻԼҵɩҲˣ˰Ѷֵһ飬Զɲܶģã˼ݳȥسǡ

ʱܵȥҲء
ȥ˯ˮˮ۾ˮ

ײ˲ˣ㹽ݮ۾ţȻһĨ졣
һҹ֮䣬ݮӳ󣬲ݮ⻹ˣ

ҲˣϽľݣ㿴




22.  ڶʮ    ڹ˶ӡ

һľ, ̵ҶӣϸĹС, Ǹָ׸ô, Ѿˡ

޻ڴأ⿴, ܽ, Ҳͷ˼£Ÿľ裬һ¾Ϳ˺⡣

ݮҲˣˡ
֣һ¸, һݮҪÿ趼ܽ, Ҳһӡ

޵ˣԺҪСˣڴ̨, Ҳܾտ

⣺ȻǺ, ֮ö
̫ܴٽǷת, ܶˮӶ, ɹ̫ıȲɹ̫ĸóԡ

ǰ½ˮѹܹϱڵصĺó, Ϊ㣬ɹǿȸߣԲ
ⶮЩ, ֳˮȻóԡ

ңҲٲˣмѼУﻹ࣬ղľңǲȱġ

ҪֲҪȡӪʣȻһԶȫˮ䣬ζ϶š

ǲʩʣ㹽Ҳʩ˷ʡ
׼㹽ִ׳ʵ㹽ȾԴִֵġ

ϽʰϴޣȥӣһȥԼȥһˣۼҲˮɣҪˮ㡣
ׯϾһھÿÿȡˮǶ֮Ϳã׻ǲ㡣

ԼҴһھ޸ת֣ͲԼˡ

⿴ȣµ׾ܰѷӸǺãľ壬Ūˮܣ򾮣ѮҲŪá

ͨżζµǾܰȥ

ҲϽˣÿôˮһھҪǮôǮӦû˰ɣⲻҪǮ϶ǲġ

Ϻ˵ˮҪһӣõˮڸϣȻСȸߵľӣʱˮͰȥˮͳɡ
Ϻ֪תզŪҺֽĥĥ

֮ͨϺҨˮͦãԺˮ϶ʡǿھҲܰһ
Ϻׯͷ﹡ϳ麵̣ĵķ紵ϣЩأҺҵ˶βݣڵץι

˭Ҷмֻι¼

ҵļҲȥëû˵ģʮֻСѼҲˮˣԼˮҵССϺԣιҶӣͶˡ

ļѼûۣҲµˡ

ҵСץ˳ӣ׼ȥιҵ̫̫Сӽסѳιҵļԡ

ŹβͲݣˣ꣬ȻС֪̿ɱ⼸ֻˣѼιܳԼܳһʣµļ˵ˣҪǮ

òץĳôܸҵļԡ
⣬᲻üԥһȥιˣ¼ԣżŻ
̹Ȼã˼ԡ

̫˵Ժץ˳ӣһۼҼԣһιҵļ
ҵļС㶣ǼҼأզιҵļ

̫ûԼҵϱȥÿģһϲġ
סһ飬˭и紵ݶĶ֪˭ѽ˵ˣԼҸҸǷӣǵؽ磬ĴԺӣȻԼҶҲŸɻõǹǮԼשߣ϶Լ׬öࡣ

ָ⣬ԺԼһԶԶ˦ںͷ̫ɲ⡣
ͷԼֲɶզԼ¸ǰͷ

̫ôһУץĳӣһãһңӶ£˿϶ŴˣҳԿġ

ϱȻɶᰡûôá

̫ǰϵϱ⣿˵˵ҸǣŴߣҪǳȻ׬ǮĻᣬ㵱ṫӺͷɵİΪ׬ǮǮ

̫ȥץӣץ㼦ͶԵ㣬Сǳӵʱ򣬲ô

ôι죬ҲŷСӸɶ
ֵʱ˭ҺӵңׯĺӲ٣ʮأϲȫСվڼȦͷ֪ɶ

߹ȥ˭֪ͿźüӣСһһ߶ͰѳӸˡ

һ飬֪Գӳÿ죬ǼҵæĶʱµץȥ˵ˣǼ³棬һͻ򺮲

ˣ̵̽Ļ˵ˣóԳӣԲҶӳġ

զ˼أҼҲóԳ𡣡
˵ҼҾֻԲôӣҳӲ׽ׯڣׯǷ˵ģȻҲǷ˵ġ

⻰ûë϶Сιݾ͸ް˵ˡ
ׯϵĺӵҲ£Ȼ֪ιһ裬Ҳ֪ι˼ˣҿлͦԡ

ޣץιۼҵļ
ιҲ֪ιɶǰں޵ɲʲô֮ˣ˭ԼҼιι˼ҵġ

ԣҿι˺üˣ˵ׯǷ˵ģͷĳҲǷ˵ģ컹

޵ȥ˭ҵĺӡ
ԼûӣԱ˼ҵĺϲ̲ס룬˭ҵĴ⡣

϶ܰҪ˼ץӣ޲£Ǽ˹ҸƸɣջأҲš
ֻǿԼϱ⣬ȣָá

Ŵ˭ҵĺӣûһʳˣҵСӡ

һʱ֮벻ʲô
ׯȷùԼң岻ˣһʼ˵ǰֳɣð˳ɣǻ׬׬Ǯˡ

µ⡣

ЩȣĺɻˣɷˮѼӣӳ㣬˵ԡ

һȣθھͲãȣƶԲ·ˡ
⿴Ǵ㣬ſθ

̫󣬾ɹĻţƹӣµܲˡ
뷨Ū

޼ۣǸҶһֱŵ죬ԼұãȥȻҲпģһϻӣ

֪Ʊķ֣һƱ䣬һˮƱͨˮ¶½ʹˮɱ
һַӼ򵥣᲻׻ȡڶַֻҪˮֻϿ֪ܲܳɹ

ζŪˮƱ϶ľͷϽʣӴ˼衣

ûǮˣ˼Ҫÿ춼ռ㹽ֵ㹽Ҳԭб˰˺УԺͲȥ㹽ˡ

ݮѾ͸ˣͰļϣС裬ʮӣһɫСӻٽӡ

᲻óԣû

ݮⶫͷŻûɶ£Ҫժһ첻ԾܻĴ󻹺죬޿žܱˡ
ٲĻˣ½ݮһһݮζأģһ֭ˮóԡ

ζãͷˣеᣬζأǲܽӣ

һ¹޵ıӣ뵽ˣҿ磬ԵģҿݮҲӣЩҲٳ磬϶һƬݮԡ

룬ʢĸ˳ԲݮǴԼժ꣬ݮҲ׬һǮ
ȫǮ޳ԼǮˣԴ뿪ÿ춼ΪǮֱȶ޲ûôˡ

ÿնһӵĽˣܲõĳϦһ췹Բˡ
ַ绨ѩ£ÿտˣƷʫͻӣʢһС㡣

ԴⱻϣѾȥ˶ʮ죬ϴŮμӰͻ硣
յĻдյľյĻյľⱻϺһβμᣬȻþÿ

¼ãɽ˷СϪ丣ϪʢݣŮԼȥ棬ƽսõķ˵л

лȻ벻⣬ĵľǹĸȥˣôûأǼ޼漦޹湷ǰԾ͸ߣڿߡ

˵䲻м־壬޴壬Ȼ벻ĲɣȢ˸ϱ

ЦЦû˿Цǿˣûһ˵˵Ӷɡ

Ļû˵ԼҲ˵ãȺ˿˰ޣϷ뿪תͷȥ䡣

ʵǹŲȾģֳɩӸģúúš
ѧĶһ࣬ûճȥΪΪֳģ跹˼ҪתתŽĽᡣ

治ˣֳǮȾƣҹ˵С£ԺͶˣܵĸ׵ļױ

ֳڶˣȴ˵ʲôǶʲôǲѧ

Ŵһ㣬ľɫÿѽ࿴Щ

ûʲôĵ¡
Ӹһݽӡ

˵ҵ⣬öС㳢波ſɺóˡ
˵СҪԣȥңöڶء

ɩõ㶫ܶľǲĲǲ࣬޻ɩӿ϶Ҫ

䲻֪ЩֳϾͱΪˣԺˣͶֵŮӲ𣬼˿һҪ£ޣ޸⣬ⱲӾͻˡ

֣Сһ֪ģʢ˾ͰˣԺֳᾸҲõĶˡ

ɫãǰǾöˣΪֳǮֳִ߽Ҳö
ã£ĸ˵һȻȥˡ

üʲô¡

ĸ׸һ֣ҵùȥúú
俴뿪ĸ׸һӣô֪ƾʲô棡

¶ֵǶ˵ŮС
һɶҲۣôԼŮǲⲻãһСܷʲôӾ͸ΪӪƹˣԺֻȥÿ׬ˡ

ƲƲ죬ҲѽŮҲҪӣң϶ã׬ö࣡

ŮȻӦˬ졣
ѾƷ㣬Ʒ׬ǮֻҪúþӪһ¾׬㻨Ǯء

ǰһȻҲȥתˡ
Ʒõӣÿ¶ӽˣʮӡ

ǲ࣬ɱӸУϵĻ˵Ǯˡ

زУתӣȥضβãҲʱ˵ģѣԼӡ

֪Ƕôҵ
Ȼ俴ˣȥЯﻹӡ
ɫҲϤģİźɫ洩ʯ죬й޴ѩɫ

һʱǹ͵ģѾ˵ٷ˵˺ӣСᣬʺϴɫ
ͻϲصˡ

ѵǴӹõģ
ȹڽţ̨ǰͷɫĲʮһƥ·ʮһƥĲЩɫÿϴɫӽĥȻͶࡣ

űɫĲҲȥ١
ѹĲһƥʮӵȥַѾûжٴˡ

ƹĺͻƶϲüң׬ǮǵȻҺйӺͶС㣬ò
ûڲǴӣǶС㣬ڶС£ϣòǲŲͷķԷء

ÿȾɹڼѧϰ黭ŴʦȾɫÿĲһƥҪʮӣһȥʮƥ׬üء

ž֣Ͼ˶ӡ
ʦ˵ⶼСǮԺеǻ׬Ǯ֮ǰƴȥ

򲼵һƥһƥģǼ߼ߵ겼һЩ鲼ͷԷһЩҺɰ
⣬ܳá

ЩΪĿ
⾹Ȼôã֮Ʒ̫̫ˡ

ֱͥС
˽ϣ򲻻׬ǮӸ棬ǰѧܼҵʱҲ֪Σ̶ʮ죬ͻء

治ǰͷȥ˼鲼Ӿͻعˣ϶Ҫϵġ

õף˼ˣ㿴ӣ·Ĳɱ̫ˡЩᣬôͰѲѽ

ϵǴۼҲģûҴط

һƭ

ϣǾ˹ˣۼҪôÿ֪ܲôȾģ׬ǮĻͲˡ

˭֪ǮǺõģһʮƥһƥʮ׬ǧ˰ӣԽԽԽԽԺ׬ĸࡣ

ǣĶ³
϶ˡ

ֲôׯӻҪӣڿ˵ױֻҪһ䣬ԭˣ϶ǹ޸⡣
Ҳǹİ취ˣʼգ϶û⣬Ǹӱ˲ֻ֪֪Ժ֣ʲôɲɡ

ڲǼƽЩʱ뷨ӰѲҪǿѽⶼˣһѾͷôǮʲô
ѲҪȥ⣿

뵽ϾĻŵòУҪ϶û¶ٵӣԼԶԶȵµӣôң

ŮȻȥӢ޽ǵķ˹ȥүȵˮһˣⷦ

ӢӺ˰üģһˡ
ϣڵ¡
ӢҲտţӱĲѧʺãԶҲŮɿɰ

ϵ˵ﵹǴϻ۷ǳǰҪѧܼң͸һ֣պޡԭΪСС֣˭֪׬Ǯˡ

ȥ˿ͥУ򲼵˶ŵͷˣһ׬ǧ˰ӡЦЦһԵģ˹Ŀ࿴

Ӣţı£Ժˣ۸ȥ

ү˵ĲҪǷŶȻãҪ̯һŵģǡѾͷӵƭˡ

ӢĿϰɷ˵

ϵүҲ֪Ӻö£ӣֳӼȥѴѵٶȥţٸ
ֻҪѲû׬Ǯ˵㡣

һСܷʲôˡ

ӢûӦ綼šģлǼء

Ӣ壬˵ˣ׸磬׸ܣǻǸ𡣴ǰӲ׬Ǯ׬Ǯˣô

һһ죬ҺӢ۾
ӢϱˣҲ˱ˣҲСˣһױ

ϣү˵ǡ


ʼδġ
ЩǮûΪûʲôæɫֳȾģܶ໨ɩӻģŲֳš

Ӳùһ˹ȥ
ϾͶˣףҶԺӣ˶ʮ⣬׼ȥׯӿ

Ҹ׼ڣǺӻл۵ġ
Ҳ׼ˣӣӣ⻹Ҫ˼ڶġ

ģѼƵģϲģģãһ棬϶

ׯϵҲʼѬˮˣһ磬ԽȣŴ̫ɻζãЩѷӸǳ

ҪػߵģҪ̨ײϣԺﶼ̨԰ڳСɶģԺǽ޵ĵĸߣŽŶɶɫשһһ飬رƽ
Ҳͨ˼ҵĸߣټϴӿĴ󣬾Եر

ʱٰ컨ľϣͲͷһˡ
ʱֻ죬仯̫ˣȵ˲٣Ŷˣ˵ҲһƬٵľׯӵӽˣɫСӣſϲˡ

ĺɻҲ˲٣ɫİɫģÿˡ
ɩӣҹһ硣Ѿ߰ѳϵĶӵĻ޻ϣٺȾƣСŹȥԺιһȺСΧŹ޴תŻͦɰġ

޻ͷһݣιء
˵ССףصСιҲǼСιˡ

ʣѼҲԣҲΪһʳã޵ҪҪԣȥ硣
ϻ涼û⣬ò׼һΣúú˵˵

ÿ춼С꣬һȣͰӿÿְˣɩͷ

棬ûʲô˵ҲǣҴ˵⣬еģҸˣǸͦãɩϻҲ˵ˡ

ͷɶ㿴ųԣȥ㡣
˿϶óԺõģ˵컹Ƕء

Ǹ֪ڵģһԼҵɩȥˡڼڣǸԸ׬Ǯ֪ǮǺöϺҲ֪
׬ܶ⣬Ȼ׬Ǯ乫ǼԺҲǴӹõģ׬Ķ˺ӳԵľͺá
˻ġ

ͳɡ
ȥׯֻŹӣȷŲ£Ҳȫˡ

޸˵³Ȼ
̶ܴ֣̼Ҳʲôó
ܰæ⣬ϴϴɶġ

ŹǣӣǴ㣬ˣлӳԡ
СۣɩӣڼҶֳ𣿡

滹û˭ҷ³أȻӶӣԼҶϴ

޵ʱҲĸóһ㡣
óЩСģºÿ

°ͣĿЩĽֳͦãĲ˵ͦɩӵġ

ȻҸ㿴ö
һޡ

ޱŲݮĲֻ࣬ҪǺģ϶һժԣֺдŵ̵ЩᣬҲܳԡ

㳢

һɿڣ򣬡ֳĲݮôֵģ

ЦԱׯ磬չˡ

ֳصΪɩֵģһƬġ
Ȼֳˡ

濴㹽һСɡǣֺĢȣ㹽ҲԼֵģ㹽Ӹȥ㹽

޽ʮҲСƢɶö԰ڡ
濴Ժӣ˵Ҫ̿ľذ壬мѼϵϣÿһһŪġ

Ķˡ

Ҳ̫˰ɣ뿪ֳɩӲ⣬ֻҪܱʲôӾزˡ
ɩɵøӣ϶ҵӣҾס޻һأ˴÷

ʹشӦˣ˿ũũ϶ûɹͦ˼ģ磬ÿӣ򽻵Ūûͷġ

Ц˵ģ濴˺Ľʢ֪ж˵ſ޵ЦЦˣǿ֪ĻΪҪһʲôķء

ûԸ޵ģ޼޸뿪˹˰ôôɩӾԼԼӡ

ȵ緹濴ֳʱʱɩӼвˣụ̂ⶼǷ䣬óԵ˾ȻȻؼ˹ȥһ㶼ûá

ҲûᣬⱾͲף͹أٷʮֱ극һӵˮҶζ˿˿ġ

һӡ
ԹЪһ͸ûȥˣЩ᲻ãҪ·ûǺãһ졣

ᣬɩӣ޻Ͳ㿴ѣǮţҪˣܺãֳЩǮ͹ˣǮĵط࡭

Ǯ޲Ҫ㿴ȱǮõˣȱ˱ǿ
û˵һ˼

޿⣬תͷЩҲûı֣ĶǮţЩҾˣСҪײƲ¶¾磬ʡţҲõǡ

Щ˸˵һ¾ͺۿ
εºܣȢôõϱ

شѾ߻ȥųް֣ɩӣҹ컹㡭

Ҳû
ֻﲻζǸǣԶ趼ֲúöȥι⣬ǲӴ򹷣ȥ޻

ô࣬һûš

ɲòĶ˳ˮ飬֮֮Ⱦָ
俴Ŀⲻԣǲñ֪ˡ

ͱûȥ

⣬±ʹӣҲСССģı˵٣·ɶӰ죬ʲôҲӦֳɩӵġ

뵽޺⣬Ͷһɾ

ȥ޾Ϳʼʰ˲ٲʮ޻±ܸǴ챻ɡ
緹ʣȣиģһŵ
޲ðѺö͹޵ģҴûС

޵ɫɫҲܴѽ

⣺µأɫǳࡣ
Ǵʵ

޵ܵŴµؾʹǰľ·¡Ǯ
Ƕڣһգ˼ˣÿͭյĶ࣬һ׬һӣиԼҷֵһ׬ˡ

޷ֳˣҵǮ
Ժġ

ûӣͭ壬ȴ
ˣڹ˶ӵˣȻǧһʮָտɴ

ĲѾˣֻҪ֤¶ʪȣﶬҲ֡
ڸׯӶ֧ֲȻָˣҲ࣬Ǯ

áֲ֧˶ӣѹשͷ飬ʣǧ飬ÿꡣ

޵ƶˣǮԼ͹ȥüӡ
ϸ˺üȴһֱûǮ磬Ǯ

һǧͭ쵱ģϷҪˮûɶöͳˮṫӣˮ

ʵǼҶͷЯ׬ǮǼҵĹˡ

⻰ⲻҵˣɩպãȻҲɩӹæ

⻰Ư˿һ飬˵æġ
ϵ٣ϱĲУʵ֡
˭Ļöϱˡ

ⲻԣҲûˮһߣȥ

һͭ壬񣬵ȴιʱץӵСޡ
ﲻȱˣҲ˰׸ץӣһظһͭ塣

ֻ¡
̫֪̾˿ǲռ˵ģһͭҲǮͶӶץӡ

гӺӲݣҪճɺã͵ðѲݺͳӳɾʱûݼͳֻùγѲŪɾ

ɵ˻ýˮʮĶؿɲһСĿ
ûˮܣûˮֻһͰһͰӳﵣ鷳ˡ

ֵҲǸԼֵģΪʳҲî㾢ɡ

ûӿࡣ
ۣʱ䣬ɵɶء




23.  ڶʮ Ƥ͹   Ӳ

ûкȽ, ϰֵؾǿүɫ
˳ǿ϶Ǹ꣬Ǹϴ󺵴, һ굽ͷͰ׷ˡ

гֻ, ÿӶȥ֣Ӱճɵкܶࡣ
͹˵, ܺý, Ϊׯг

̧ͷ˿λε̫аû¹أÿ춼Ǵ̫
˶϶ȣû˿ԴȺˮׯڲ, ֻɹţҶӶˡ

ˮҪ, ׯڸҪˮ֡
ҪԺ컹ô̫ˮء

Ϻܲڹˮȡ
һׯӾгͷˮ, Ȫ, õˮԴݽߡŪˮ, ԭˮԵתֲ࣬ͨˮˮת, ˮҶ, תʱˮˮƶˮˮӳȥ, ˳Źء

Ͳˮˡ

⿴࣬˵˱ŮӶԻеȤͦϲоľͷء
Ϻô룬ţؾͲˣѾʡ˲ׯںǴӵʳ泯죬ǰңѾ˺̫ˡ

ṫӰⲻ÷£ˮҲͽˡϺˮͼׯһٶĶׯˮʮĶأһҲʮĶĶõˮ

ˮװҸ˵ˣ㿴ͳɡ
ϺüһǮ˵ܵˮҶݣûУһĶõˮ
˵ľͷⲻǰװ׸ͱ

⣺壬һԣҪԺأֲˡ
ʮĶĹһʮĶأܲܶˮɡ

ϺȻֲð˸治һ׬ǮأֻǮ⡣
ϺһûһĶأͿʰ׬ôܲϡء
ǼûǮùӶ飬ĶǮء

ϺԹȥˮиҵĹͷóľӸ֣ÿ»ܽӿɱˡ

ҪԼȥӣȿһ㶯ûء
Ϊе

ˮת־ͷģǰӣͷҲǮҪ˼ͭ£Ķףһָġ
ͼֽԭⲻ˻ȥĥӣ̫ͨͼֽţȥ׬Ǯ

ͷװ׵ģĶ£˵ˣͼֽǶҵģʾȡ͵

ָͷӵıҲԼңҴ򽻵ɵţŶҲһ׬ɶǮ

ͷһľмǶҵģʹңĶۼҲ׬ǮûԺȡ

Ӹˣ˭ϡǮǿǺöҾӾձҲ߬Ǯġ
զһ˼ľͷ
šͷĶ䣬ȥʣܲ

ͷӦ֪֪ˣֽ϶ڵģҪ֪ܳϸ
ӲЩԼ׬ǮȣͷƵȥңˮϸڣϺм䴫©ˣмȷһ¡

ׯ紾ӣ޽ׯмˣЩ˵Ӳ˵͸Ҳ˽⣬ȻԼСžţǴϲ

ͷȥ͹˵һ죬⣬ϱʲô²ô͸ֲһɶ
ͷԼԼ¶ȥˡ

ôһž͵Ѯһ£Щײ˶ܳˡ
˼Ҳ˶ϴ󣬶ֵ۵ʱ
ÿնʱɹ̫ϾͰݣ÷紵ɹȵֵĸˮɾ

ζɿڣǳųųԻǶóԣһ³һСײڶӡ
Եڶ
ʵСײһζֱӶڶӣ⣬Ҳɬɬġ

Զڶ֮ǰСײһȻˮڶ壬ּϺƤĥɵķ۵ζζŽһ
ϴ˶ڶĻƶǴģ˵˺ãƣҶ۶ء

ڵûȻͲԲҶˡ
ˮһͳɣҶӸɾҲɾҪóȥ϶Ƕһݡ

߲֮ʱʲôԸۣɽϵҰˣ޴ɽɵҰˣԼҳԶҰ˽ӣԲóȥ
ʵҰˣһݽӿ϶Ĺ

ֻժҰ˿ɲɣҪСŸڳҪϴˮӣɷѹˡ

޴˴ȥĸÿӣҰ˻΢ʪһ㱻̫ɹЩɣ֮ϽѸҶľͰȥ

ԴӼ֮ҷϾͲԽˣϾʼڶʱһٶԽӣٺóҲסԣҰڶҰζ
㲻Խӣܳ԰Ӳǡ

Ҳ̫Խˣ뻢ӣȥһԵľǽӣǽӣ˶óɽˡ
һ㶼ǰӸĺģôӣе㹻ˣ֪㣬ڶģ˳Բء

޵ϣϺûʣǷӡ

̫ڣȣܷܿҸԼҹϵãҹϵҲɶľͽ

ϺܿͰʽҼһϷʣÿηһ飬»ãõʣӿϣ淢þͳˡ
Ұ˹ˮһ飬Ȼˮڶõ廨⣬ȥͷƤڶ䣬ʣµƤƤǸһˡ

⿴ƤԹȻϰӣβ
ͷ㻹ѽ

ͦͦţƺˣϾû¡

Ȥͷ˼̧޵һۣһд֣ȱ˭дĺá
֪˵޼䲻ܽҶ̣˭㣬һ㶼֪ǫѷ

ĵҰɣһֹܿȥҳϣҾһ㲻ĶˣҪʲôᣬл·
ԭ飬ӺѹûëʣҺò¶ڡ

˵㲻˵ҪƤ𣬰룬Ƥڶùһͻ𡣡
ô˵޾ˣʢûģҪȥ̯һܰæ

קקӣǷ
ùһ취ûУһ棬ɲɣΪС֭࣬һƤˡ

ƤƤҲУƤٶĵϣζҲɣȥ㣬ȥǣôȥԱׯŹǣ׼һ

㽺ʸ֭࣬ܳɶ

Ͱһʱ̫ɽˣͣɰͷȫŨɫ΢΢ƣ⣬ÿһŨĲС
ʢһ룬ùȥһԺȣŹǣͷ㣬óˡ

޻Ұ˽ء

ɰȫ̳ճ֭廨ǿƤҲþӨ͸ŰϣгСٷŻСʣµ޹Ƕ飬˼壬ţ޿˰ʣµûԲء
Ūڶģ

˵ͷȺٳڶһʣǹˣڶʣûǴζڶá
ҪзãŪзڶģóԡ⿴ֳ飬зģȱˮ϶ɡ

޶˵ˣݸ⣬Ź㡣

ľǶô࣬ǹ޳Բ˵ġ
Ҳûǹ޵ģҲͳˡ

ˣԲ˸šҲûҪ޲ӵ£ȹ޺ͷʣŹͷȫˡ
ȻСǰʱʱƿӽһ

ƤԽԽСⲻ񣬵ȻϨ˾Ͱ裬ĨͣƤõ

ȴǰҰӣƤѾˣÿһ£ܵһ£ɫҲǾӨ͸ͷССƤ
ôȵ컹ɶȫƤĽʣжɣһһСӡ

һѧʱʱһۡ
ͷǵЦҪǱ˿ôӣ϶ţҲ롣

ǰ竵Ĺӣ˭뵽ֲݮء
Ҫ֪ˣⲻͨīҲв޸ɡ

⿴˹һۣͷղۣ˰ףʱ΢΢ƣԵ˸ˡ
ԭһ۵Ǳʲô̵һ͵صͷ޺ÿһֱ֪ġ

ɺ֪ٺÿҲϱֱ޲ʲôãа
˵Ķԣˣ˺ӻ󣬲Ҫͦõġ

ɲ֪޶̶һô࣬ӰãׯôյľܿζƮˣԷ˵Ǿ͵ȻӰɣÿࡣ

ӻĵʱŴɩӺ

ϻԼңݣһߣûطҲסԼң·ӸǺãˡ

һݣŵȻͬ㡣
ӷˣ԰ѽ

޵͵ˣҰڶģҹĹ
ƤʣһЩ͵ˡ

ӸϽȥϴ֣Ҫ˵뿪һ㶼
ݵյƣãϰ̰ӣһСƤװǹͷʣµĹͷⰾģζһ㣬ǿԽʡ

޳һҰڶģҰڶİĴ󣬹С󣬵޳ԵҲƽնࡣ
Ҳֲĸóԣֻ˵óԣҰʣɽһֵʣҰأܰҰ˽ӡ

ٲ˶࣬Ǿ׬ġ

Ӷˣ˰ӷˣҲ̫óˣȽӻóԣ
ͷ

޼ͷһ齴Ҳô˵ġ
ô˵ȥҲ׬Ǯඡ֪ӵģڶһصһһСʮǮһ

۲࣬ͷС⣬ЩȻǿϵģʢֹȨ󣬻аա
ϰճԵþЩһʮӵĶСﻨ꣬ϸҲסЩ͵ˮˡ

ǣһΪ⿼ǣׯϵϺֻҪ׬ͭͳɣӡ

ЩʫͻŪһȥˡ

û뵽
ųԣиͷһȻһ׬˽ʮⲻԶ
ĶǳõʵʵڵģĿᣬðǮ㻹ϡ

Ȳ˵չ˹ޣԼҹʲôӣû;ӣʲôСʲôѾߡ
ϺҲȥ㶫ԼáЩ

󣬿ŻӶȥӣĶס
̯æӿ϶Ҫ˵ġ
֪޻᲻ȥǹӵˣҲǹģӦϻȥɡ

޾˵ôһ䣬ôҼԷ̯ɲС£˵˵Уý̯˵ǿ׼߰ء

ӲҪҰڶӣöüǮ
ϡΪ󣬾˰һڡ
ϰտҰ˱ٹ˰ѳҰ˵Ȥ

Ұ˽һҲʮҰ˶࣬һ
ʮһݣҪʹڵҰôҲֵôǮ

ĺãԼҵĺܲܰæڡ
Ұ˳Բ˼ˣǻ̫Сȵ¾ˡ

Ҳ˵Ұ˽Ӻòڶ
˵Ӿ;ƣԽԽУӵĶǺȾƵˣСؼҸŮԣ齴

Ϊ齴ʵ̫ˣӻؼңʣµĽ֭еƹ˿һˡ
ȥӵĶһͬ󣬲õ̫ʱ䣬Ա̯ѧҲȥӴ©ס
ԣ˵Ժź

̯þˣһһٶݡ

ֵͭǧÿ׬һӡ
̯ȶˣӾû׬࣬Ͼϲ̯Ҫǰڣʱȥ

ʢǵϿˡ

̯ڵĶȥĶզӲ֪һ죬ȥϺݺܿ˯ˡ
һ磬Ѵ׼õװϳȥ˳

Ϻѧ˼ݳˣӱС٣˼ۣ¶·
ûҪӵ¸ɩӣ»ûأӦҲԼ˰æ

ׯأ治ҲײһҶ

׬Ǯ˵ɣַھӵģɶ¶֪ˡ

˳ȥīӰѳжˣװװˮЪһ˾ųȥڡ
ڶ㹽ʵĽĺã⼸СײҲá

رˮ飬컢ӳҰ˰ӣҰ˽ӿ϶ˡ
ɩӣȰҰڶģȿ˾󡣡

ʱ̯ǰͷпˣ⸽˭֪齴Ӻóԣ
Ȼѧģǽûҵʵϣ齴Ҳûҵĺóԣǻ

ְһȥܿʲôڶ
һģһ㹽ˣҪСײ˵İɡ˰Сײ˵ģѮСײ˳Щˣʡ

һСײ˵ģ¹֮ǰһ䣬͹ҪҪҰڶģ
ڣҰ˺Сײ˵ĳĲֻ࣬Ұ˶١

£ҰڶɶҰˣɽϲɵ𣿡

ӵɽϲɵĿˣ̹ˮζأʮһݡ
ʮһݽӣίʵЩ󣬲Ұˣھ͵õˡ

ҪһģһҰ˵İɡ;ƿ϶óԡ
ȽãͷѾ˺öˣһĵȽӣûעҪʲôڶװҰڶµġ

ѽӴȥ˶ͷ⣬ռĻƹϣ˵һӶ˽ӡ

ۣ¾ƵĺòˣҪЫӣζ˶
ֳҰڶģʮһݣҲʡ
һҰڶĹģɶʱ˱⻹ˡ

ɳԵžʮǮֵҰ˺Сײ˲һۣˮҲ࣬ζظʡ
٣ƫ࣬֬Ұˣ㼫ˡ

ֵֵֵ̫ˣ
һʮ϶˶һٳһ˹󷽣һȥһݡ

ƣƹȥ̯ϵҰ˽Ѿˡ
ڶ͹ʮݵģʣ¼ǳԡ

ʮݣһʮģһǮӣ㣬㾻׬ġ
ϰףд׬ͷ

ţӶɽҰˣҲŰʮһݵĽӣǮ׬ɵ

ֵܣҰ㲻óŴżȥھˡ
Ȼ˵ҪǷĹֻҪ׬Ǯһ޷

ҪҪҴҰˣҪǲܣҰˣҲûƽǮš
ԼҷһɣԽõþԽࡣ

ԼҵĺӶȥɽҰˣҵĺÿȥ׽ӣżѽ




24.  ڶʮ ӽ   ̾˿

żҲû, ӵĻƵû䵽ҡ
޴ϱŹѧӡ

ͨӲһģС, Ƥ޶, Ͼ治ǰ㲻һʮ˵޶
һӷŶڶҲ, һһ١

ҴϱͶϱ, ջˢȴֻɩģҲǹ磬дţʮˣٻˡ

᲻Ѿ߸ɴֻׯϵ˶ڸǷ, ɩģ˵ô, װ̫ˡ
ɩȥͷϰţͲȥˡ

, ڼ׼ϡ
ׯϵûǷ, ֮Ĳ, ðѷ߬

ɩɩѧ˻, ֲ̫, һ죬ģˡ
õİӻûȥ룬жʮ

ȫ˳ʡ

̫صƿ, Ц˺üӣȳһӣ֪զԣŪĶɩȻ𣬹޺˵ǹš
˵ǹȺٳڶ

̫˻Ը
ڶ⣬⣬Ҷ˹еˣһ㶼ȡ

Ǻóԡ

̫ϱúöһ飬ȥ˼ֽڿ㣬ɾ㡣
֪ˡ

̫صͷҿ˵զǮ
ĵ£զ㹤Ǯأǰͭ壬ٶôǷֳɡ

¹ĸ̫֪㡣

ɩ˵ֳɣҶһᡣ

⻰һʮڶˣԽ׬Խ࣬Ǿ൱ڸԼⰡ

ֳ̫һ仨ӿɲģǽģúúøɣţޣҪͶɻ֪Ҫۡ
̫һ䣬ȥǿǼңɲеûģر֡УӻץץͱҵǮˡ

һǮҲǮƤ㡣

õģׯﴫȮֵͣһׯͷǻӺԼɩӻˡ

⣬˭е㶯֪ҺӳɽҰˣҵĺӴ絽ץӡ

ӴŶϱ׼ԼҲһҶٶлȡ
ⶡҲûǿ

ĿֻŸкУǴǰûеġ

ӣһСŮŮͼˣͷգÿ¶׬һӣҲܳԿ͡
ׯңӹá

Լҳȥ˵ӣһͭǮѴѵ׬ҲͶ߶ۿϱȥҪѧյģƣԼ׬˶ٿ϶ȥͷ졣

ǡ
˵׼Ͱұȥء

ȥ᷿ͷӣøͷ䰢䣬һ˵˵㣬ȥզأ㲻ȥҿȥˣ
ͷ˵Ҫȥȥ

̫̫˵һҪͷǾˣᡣ
ҿʢģջأû

ͷ˳ȻɣЩҲǸֲǲǮһʲôֵȻֵˡ

Ӳȥֲңһ
ңҲϱš

Ǿζ⻹û
ܵ׼죬ӻô©أӻȱ
޴㰴һ˸ʮǮ

˵ҶóкҶʽ̫ʮǮһ롣

̶ЩòƤǣ㣬ڶٸĸģϾĲˣӵϺɶģׯӳҲС
ЩðС򣬻ܴ̫٣öʮ

ٱϯһ
֪ľ޾ʹһĹȥˡ

ֽŶ֪ĶţˣľͷӶһ֪ܲˣȥˮ

û裬ƽ˭˱ˮУҲǹˮ

ҵϱͱȹ޴٣ЩнӰشߣ͵Ŵ۾ؿ

һӾʹͷˣ

ͷͼֽ򵥣ͷƬûһͳɣӵģ͸һһţں͵׵ӵܲ͸磬ͷӿŲ©ȥ
ٱϯˣӾͻᡣ

һͷͰйŪˣҪ

޵ʮ
ǮûǰͷҪǮʡ

ͷһʮľͳɣǸϯ¶һǮһ
һİٶʮġ

ӳ˳ͷӣС˹˵㣬ɱҪ

޷˰ӣǮⲹ
޿ӶӲĿ⻹͸ŵ㲻˼˵Ǵʢ˵Ҳ̫棬ʢǿ϶вٷԷӦûᴵＸ䣬էָչˡ

޲˼ЦЦھӣ϶ܰͰҲʶ٣֪˭˭϶˱ˣõġ
˵ĵط¶޿ɲ¶ˡ

ǸɵģҲūţ϶ԼСžţԲȻ硣

ϻģ޲ŶլԺﳤĹǿ
ǶãҪǻɶ˵
Ҳ˼תˮȥ

뿪֮ͷȥչ˼ϱϯȻˣأ˳󷽡

Ѯҵ·ҪǺˣͲ̵ذˣϱҲ׼ȥˡ
û˵ɶ

ׯӵүǶڣ̵ذҵĻֻҸľͷ򽻵˶û¡
ͷ˵ľذͷһأľ岻̫Ҳ̫ˢһθʴ

ͷճ࣬ǰ󶼵ýϣǰ˺ü֣ͷԳ
ذ֮Ҫ߰ܽˣͷϸ߽߱ǽǶûз϶ǽҲĨˣˣһ򿪣ر

Ǹǳķӡ

ϸԼϰ˵ǼǮˣҲķӡ
ϺҿУԺǽԺӣ

ͦģѡƵվͿ԰ȥˣˣˣ¼ľذɲôȥϵú͹˵˵Ь¶
Ϻǹ֣λ׼˺ò˺÷Һúóһ٣

⻰ǹˣһµķˣ緹ǰæһٵ롣
ľذ£ںסŵʱҲûôõĵذ壬Ȼҳȥ̵ذ壬Ҳи

ģộη涼ͷķӣ׬Ǯġ

ⲻףΪʲôɶ޶ܸ⣬Ȼû
ޣЬذͲˣȸһ˫һЦ¶˰˿ģȲˡ

͹޵رȣ϶տ
Ҳˡ

סŹ޵ֻݣͣȰһһء
Ǹлׯ˰æҵĽ¹ðй

ɫ
ӣŹǣǴ㣬ˮӣ齴Ļƹϣ䣬ռϺ
˰˸ˡ

ԷĶǸǷӵİ﹤ʮԼҵĺûģһʢʣˣǴȥԡ
ɫԼҹ궼ԲǲôԷܰʣ˴ȥҲǺõġ

һͷѹ׷ͷ⣬Źǣ㣬вӡ
ûȥ֮ҲûʣˣһȣϾһٺòˣˡ

ʵˣⶼûǰá
̯ûŽ̯ǰ˳ǶҲֵͦģһɩӺӡ

ζһƮǺԶ
Ĺ̬ܹһ㶼ȱ˼
첻ãˣΪСġ

һСǮһݣΪҲʮġ

ϸҴɩʹ˸ɫһֱɩվܶһС
ɩŸɽ˰֣ŵŸɽţ͹٣ǼĲСǹһ˸ʮһ룬Ҳ԰ݰݵ򡣡

ɩϽѸƿÿ˿ڶڶģһ㶼ȵģ滹Ⱥٳڶ
кҶҲһ˸ʮǮһ룬Ŵ㹽ⶡġ

ƿż®ɽĿƤǳȹɫ͸΢⣬˻ΣΪƤ̫ˣܿͷڡ
ҶúҶƤŴױԲⶡ㹽ɼ

Ҳ߯ÿˡ
һһɡʮҲ٣ϣԳˡ

ɩһ䣬Ӹճ̣ʱСĵ㡣

ллɩ

ȥһݺܿȥڶݣ϶̻ɶĶС
ʢձȱ𴦵ɷȸСǳе¡
Źȥɩ˵ҧ˸СڣȻһ

֣ôܰȥأֺó档
ӺÿҶһɫ˻ɫúҶˣһȤ

ˣ͸ȥ
Ӧûϲ

ӿ̯һʱһ˾ڶôһһܸϡ

ϱû뵽ôãõĳϣηηŵģпʾˡ
Ҳǹޣ⣬Ҫ϶벻ġ

ŽǮϻӵͭ壬վһʱҲۡ
æʱ򣬿˾عҲпճԸ

ɶɶɩ᲻ãˣһһݰӣǾݣʮǮء
ȥǮҲʮģҷɣǾģһ˿иͷԹҲֵ

ϻ֪㷨ҲǾˡ
ôû˵£Լɩûô

ʿˮǶˣȻҲûѹҲǵʹÿóԳԣúȺȣû
ɩɩжŵţϺ⡣

ͲˣôɣԼаӣȫˡ
˵ɩӣÿһݷڶģԲԴؼңϾгʱ򣬵ǳͷӣĹȥǴţء

ţݣĻߣŸݸݵġ
ûˮӾȥڼҸɻܵܡ
⺢ݳĲ۰

ϵԱ˲֮Ҫˢϴأôӳϻȥһʱĳ̲ԺõôС

ɩڨڨӦˣһöǲǮԵĿǶʮš
ôһͨˣҲƽǮˡ

磬ʣһϾŻȥˣԼʱȥܳˡ
ϵĴȥһֱʱ䣬զڶ١

ϻҪ׼ڶأϽڶʵڲһֱš

ɩӶʵһһӦˣصӣˢ룬ַ̫ɹһȺۡ
֮¡

ȥ·ϸۣһˣ˼ˣϾ͸ͷ
Żе磬ӵ죬ˡ

Щ죬ȥҲͺˣȰ¼Ҿͺˡ
¼ˮ²Ȼסһ䣬ǱסĿˣ˯һݣ̫ˡ

Ҳˣ¼ľذ壬ɾǽ棬ÿӶӣĸԺ󲻺͹ӷ˳ˣСԣи³ˡ

ǻסһӣ̫Ѱˡ j

ȻȥԷһݣ͸оһ

ӿݰһﻹŸƤϡ
ӣĶŪñΧű趶ѣ޲ðͷȥ룬òǹģҪôǶС㡭

Ҫǹ͵ĿɲҪй

ŷ˻һëģĲɡ
Ӻ޲һڣֹǲ찡öˣҼõı

⣺ˣųԷɡ
ȻҪ棬ʹ±࣬Ҫһˮ

±жⶡģ֮⻹ըͣȻһֱõ齴齴Ҳԡ

ԵĿ찡ٿϣڱԱߴһȫ
᲻ߣȥԼ˯ȥԼҿ϶ܴҡڴűȥ

̾˿ǿȥ̼졣
ΪŮˣɶʱ˵㡣

û򣬰ȥֲӰ죬ֻҪ˵ЬУҲܲôȵ

ҲȣѰһЦ
Թдʰ꣬ݣµ˱ˮҲϿ

ſڴϣ·ű裬ȣʲôҲɣƽʱ극ϴɴȷ磬ˣɴϴ

İз磬ټϱ飬ر졣
ϣһ㶼ɸˬˬġ

٣ǷޣȻǷޣùôҪ
һԱߵ߿𱧹ʼЬ

ֻҪ˫ʣµĽǾˡ
ǧףЬֻһ룬˵һͬܲȽȥܷ㡣

ҪһЩǰÿڡ
һֻ⿴㿴ǲģ

ȥȴûЬӣ޴ĺ죬洩ŶǶͷһɴ£Ĳʲôڲס

˿ţ¶ϸĲһ£ǡ

޵ôԶܿʲôǲǣ
̧ͷ⣬ѽ

һˮ߹ȥ˿޵߻ܺãϸšӣһһŴЬ״ȥ͸ֺÿ
ӦǸģɫɫ

ԣ˵꣬˻ȥ

һֱţȵƲŻȥ޶һ˫Ьˡ
һȣȻָ޸Ǳӡ

ҹᷭ᲻СⶼѰ
ʱ룬¼ôӣɴһһݡ

ͷĿȥÿ죬Ϊⲻұ֤޻
ӹٰѹ޵á

˭û᲻ܲ˸
ֻΪǹ޵ķ

˯ˣִϣŹ޵֣Ȼס

ܲỹϰɡ




25.  ڶʮ Ǩ֮ϲ   ѧǶ

ҹⱻ, ´ҹ˯þ
ûôˣȵ̫, ֿĻġ

, ֻ࣬ܵδʱȺڵʱ, ûСЩ, ˡ
𣬾˵ǹġ

û
ʱҪҪóȥ˵Ȳһ̫٣ԼһأС⡣

ֻǮ˼Ҳõûׯ϶, ຢȥϴ죬ǹ֮ʧ, ϴҲǵϢʱ
׼Ρ

Ǯ˼ñǮͲܶˣʢԹ, , ©, СС¹δ, Ҳ, ¶õȶˣʢվס֮˵
¼ԺӸߣŽŶ, ڼñˡ

ްհ˫Ьãֽ״񣬼ˣ˫
סйǣ˫á

һ죬칦ʮ˫Ьˣ޿ɫ״ͦÿģҪҪóȥ

̯͹һ׬ӣһǽ
Ƿһ룬ʣµǹнˡ

īÿ½һˣǼģļױǼױ
мÿԶƽչ޲ᶯױӣܵġ

ֻӻûӰˡ

Ƿ˶ʮӣʼ׼˶ʮΪľذľͷѾ׼һھõľͶˡ
ԺӸǵ廹ġ

ǰ죬޸д˷ţָдһ⣬·ԺׯӰһаá
û˳ȥǰһ죬׼¹

ׯϵһĻһ
һ˵ˣˣ齴Ļƹϣ㣬Ƕǳ⣬ƳĵӲˣǴŹǣ㣬ܲĢ

ȥϴƣ˻˽һӡ

ϻطӸǺóһ٣ļҶ׼ȥ̫ˡ
ֱ˵ްµصÿûΪֵؾƲׯϾܵңһü顣

ƽҲ߶˵ͷлׯﾲĸԴƵģͷĻء
˵ľⲻˣֳƨǣӡ
˵Ϲ˲룬Ȼö֮÷

̫ǷƨṫӺͷ˴ǲɱĹε¶

ӵҵĶϱˣ˵Ҫ˵ṫԺ
ԺǮˣðׯֲˣǡ

ϵҿǣҲ˳Ÿòǿ϶ˡ
һһٶأɵӲŰˡ
̫ͷǣúøɻ¶

ӿˣԼӣɶɡ
˵˵˶ˣ̯զ

Ϻ̫һۣտڲԣֲɵҲڣզ˵
С˵Ͳ˵ͷӻҴأľҾߣҲ׬˲Ǯء

ʰ˵ңͿʼˣСģȰȥٰѴɶ˹ȥȻһĶп緹
Ȱľǹ޵ļױͷЩҾߣΣӣ١
һַŽ᷿һ䣬ⷿãȥԿѣһѣһѡ

ʣһѸˡ
Կ״кüˣ͸Ҳᶯ

·ݴٺͷ棬ڴǰһֻ״ɻƿȥ֧ɻǺÿ
ûдĿҺ̹ȴ࣬ӱӶµġ

Ǵӹģмͷˣá
ǰͷһ磬ǰͷһС͵Ⱦģ޲һ飬ܶ˱ߣСϡ
СӣҲ˵ӺľذɫģĸɾôȥȳԺҪá

ֱߵ鷿ͷ´ܣͷ˲飬ǾɵģīֽһЩ˱ڹԿ׻Ƿѡ
һѣһѡ

䣬סһ䣬ʣһݡ

᷿ⷿһ䣬ͷԺкҲסߣ᷿гпⷿմã˳ֲˡ
ǰͷһԺӸסģסһ䣬Ӵһ䣬Ժ˾ȸ
ûסݣס᷿Ů÷ŵ㣬᷿ס᷿

ŷأ˭ҹסԺɾҲʲôӲݣͷĵظ֣ѼͷԺʮִ̨״ɨøɾ࣬ΧûʲôݣĶԶҲ㡣

ٰЬϣ鶫ˡ

³һҴݰᵽ¼ңããǰͨ磬ҲŶȡ
ݾͻЬذ岻ᱻͷ࣬ڿϣܿԺķ羰

Ҳϲ¼ң̫ˣϯϯź죬˯ʱ԰ѱſϣ졣
ޣ⺰˹һ޶ӣɵǰ¼ˡ

ܶ¶޵ģǵһγףѧ֪ס
Ϊݲף޲Ÿϧݸ顣

ﻹһʮӣȱɶó޵Ǻ˵˵£ֲһ˵ļңֻ֪˲ࡣ
һʮ˽ʮˣ⻹һ룬ʣµĻ

³˱ˣԺǮǹеģͷûǮӦҲˡ
ӣﻹһӦá

Ұ˽ȷʵ׬һǮɽϵѾûҰˣСײŵģ˵ʢ̯ӣֻСײˡ
ֵĲ˸ɾˮ飬֣ʣµĳ֣ܹϻġ

ǰջҵİײĶģôʱСײ˳ԡ


ӻ˵һ룬ײǼģԺӴ󣬾Լֵ˳ԡ
ʵļңҲ֪ĸϵġ

ӻûȥǰֻľӣжʮˣټϰ˸㹽ľۣŶ࣬ǿȥһ㶼෴롣

ľһһţͿǽţţľһڱǽǣʪ
Ϊգ޲֪ԱҲǼ׵¶

˶ôֲʳǺγûأγԲ
ͷһȣȴѣ£Щȴ¡

ƥûб»סЩֻܲҴš
ս֣ﶫԼɡ

ɵ㶵˾Ϊɶ޸Ҫ͵ˣҰ
Ժǽô߾Ƿֹ͵һĵ

޵˵ͷЬܲ
Ьеˣ·ЬӺͳʳͬһóԾǺóԣղ˻ԣ׳ôģԲŻеڶεΡ

ЬӺٳȥͨնԼҳǮļóȥ
޿ЬȻ㾫ɣǺܺЬ׺ˣٷЬͺãɵϱһѧˡ

Ҫ͵ģӷǶҹ
ЬЬʣֻ봩ҵЬӣ봩˼ҵġ

ﰵ£˭֪Ьôء
һһţ˲ӣͷӷˣСˣ

ˡ
޸Ͻˡ

һ߸ˣ·ϵʱ䳤ˡ
ɩӣҹˣðæ촩ѣȾģʺմ

Ѿ߰ϣʹ˵ӵģɩǨ֮ϲ

޵˾Уʲôͷȣݡ

⼸ɹһЦЦǲĶֵʲôǮ
һһ߿¼ңԺӺҲܴöʯ̵С·ѵ̨£ʰ׶ϣݣ͵˺ԺķԺӣϣȳԺʲô

ˡ

ָ᷿׼ӣȥⲻ

⿴ɩ˵ŻԼȥ˺ͷӣ񼸸æϯ棬ķѱó飬Źȥˡ
˵϶ȣбͺˣԱׯӻϣȥһЩ

ΪҲҪˣûʡţϷűźôȥ

ϲӣܴ󣬻ƿ˺ɻʱͼһƬɻﾹȻҲС
˸ԼȥͺɣûȥԴǴκٲμ߰ᣬпնȥתת

ޣϲĻȥ֧

ЦŵͷѺɻڱǼţŲһЩɣźɫĲ
˵ţͷ˿ϵЬӣǽݻģе㲻˼ɩӵЬӡ

Ӻȹӵţͦġ

ʲ⣬һСӦһһˣܺãˣʲôһԵϡźɣʯѩɫôȾǺÿġ

ʦҲ壬ʹҵȥˣѲҪȥĶ⡣żңȻϲ٣ЩҲ˲ӣᾸƾ٣ﶼҪġ
ԽǰԽòԣ˵ʲôˡ

֣Ƿˣס
˵ͷ

ֵ㿴ϴЬӣܷȥҲţҵ
ֵͷһ飬˵ʵЬӷ㣬ﴩЬÿ죬ɩһ˫ȥʡ

͹һЬı˷ϾҲףһ˼ҴʢС

һЩȣ޸ȥõͶűˣãȥá

濴ſڵıûӦզ£ѾѱŲˣӽűȾûôˡ

գգۣɩӣĶıѽڻûñء
вñء
޵ֳŪģҲ

졣
ԭֳûѼʡеġ
̫ˡ

޵Եö࣬ʲôУסһ
Ҳôģû׵ʱֳ׽ڳˣ׽ˡ

ԹСȥιóعţסׯӣһ糵
Ҳ֪ϵʲôӦۺɻιׯϵζ

һʮ˺Ҷ࣬ȥ
ɩӣһ᳣ġ

޻Զɬɬģ᲻á
ô㡣
⻰ǰҲ˵ʱˣҲ׺ܶ¾Ϳ

磬Ӿ͸Ӹ£ٱ磬Ůܳؼңֻίˣܻҡ
ƽ߶ȫ˾У޳ȥŮóȥˮŮ޵úãһ߶ǲãһݼױȫûŮˡ

֪ĸˡ
պûˣŵ˶ûС

߰ɣͷȣݴȥ޵֡

޵ͷǺöԶƹϣϳԣЩˡ
ٹһѸˣҲóԡ

֮ܶ첻ѹ

ֻؼң޻ݶ˱Ьӣʱÿ죬ȥһҵ£Ҳ׼

ϵ»еĥأ˵ⲻ̫ã̯õأ̯
˵Ҫȥһ׬Ķһ㡣

ʢϺ֣ӸֵĽ־᲻⡣
̫ˣ³£ֻȥ⣬Լҵϱӣǳ

Ǯܹˣܲڽ⼸ݣϾסǶ϶һ׬Ǯܷһ

ˣʢһһլһµöʮӣƽս̯ÿһӵĽˣټϰ̯ģҲ̯϶ÿ
ȻΪǰ̯Ȼ㵽ɱģʵÿܷһ

޾ǵԼҲԸ⡣
﹤ϱŮ˼ңͷסŵԸ

*
ϻ治֪
ׯӰ֮󣬼ûȥϱϱȥ̯ǱСͰݷڼš

ϲϱȥŮͷ첻ϻңҲûӦ

޵ǲģ϶һҹȥи飬Ҳġ

ϵãУôˣɶʱӶҾǹȥ֮ǰ

ޣҲѧѧϱպãϸ¡
֪ͨջǸ˼ң˵ӵģ³ҪǲӣȥҲûá

ãЦֱ죬Ҫѧᣬð鳴Ҳˡ

Ͱ˵Ҫ޾ȥң̫Ҳô⣬һȥиӦ
ȻѺúѧ˵һ飬ϱľͦãúý̾ˡ

¾ͶˣϺ̫Ķǲզ⣬զȥء
ϵ˻ԷأҷϻҪǸҳ鲻㡣

ȻⶼǺˡ

ϻӻְˣӲŸϽȥ˵ػתȦ
ת꣬һԴ¡

ӴӳһˣǺСĴġ

һ㶣ˣСȴ⣬Ϊ
ްѰӹȥӣһԷ
ƫͷ˹һۣۿе죬ǿ⡣

Ź޻ݣɶ򿪿
һ죬ü֪һжã޵ˡ

ţһдģ˵صͳأתл
һĸţûбģƱ

޿ãŲ𿪵⣬ǹдģǺǨ֮ϲ˵ȥˣҲ֪ӹôþô÷
д˺ö࣬ЩıԹĻβ˵ǰĲԵĵطһޱϡ

ԺлȥⲼʩϸ¹ûȥΪܼġ

͵ģţʩæˣԺжȥġ
ȫǳԵģмӣùյˡ

İˡ

ȥԷɡ޳˳ӣңһԵķӽ𣬾һ÷

һȥ֮󣬰ѺɻＸ֧ʣµЬһһ磬мʣЬôģ˵ϲһ˫

Ǯ˵һһ˫ӿԼѡ
һ綩ȥ˫Ьӡ

صǰջЬԺ־ˣүȥһˡ




26.  ڶʮ    ѧǶ

ֹȥ
, ·Ѿߵͷ񣬹ؼáֳ뿪֮Ҳ˵л, ӳ, û˸˵ˡ

أͰ֮Ժ
û˼ǵˡ

Ժ, ӢںȲ, ôȵ죬ŶȵûţҲ֪ʲô
ºֳйأȻ֮ӢͿڵֳΣ

治֪λش𣬸֪ʲô, һǳЦ˵, ֺȷʲôӢɫЩͷֳɩɩסׯ, ׯһ, ûȥһζķ, žڹʱöˣҲ֪Ȣ׵ԭΪ뿪

Ӣɫ΢, ΢΢ü, ⲻĻⶼˣ̲סǮ, ΪǮˣͶ·ͷϡ
ôĲӹжã˵󻰡

ϵȻӲڸסҲˣʲôѵĿԣӲùˣҲһģ㲻ΪֳڣΪΪãʵǺ

һۣĸҲ֪ΪֳڣծǮɶϰΪãǺ
ֻϧʱ̫Сʲôⳤ󲻾һϦ¶

һһ׵ģ±ȥүӷζȲʶŲ֪ô޺֮ġ

Ӣˣ˵ˣֳĺþУ㳣ȥˣսһ£Ϊ׼Ϊӡ

ӻ˻ΣһȫƾŮ˵

û˵䣬ͽۣԺˣ˭Ը⵱˭ֳ׬ǮŲϡЩ
ĳһ˲䣬澹Ը֮λҲᾸͷֻ˶̶һ˲

Ᾰ統ӣֳɩӶ뿪ˣʲôء
һϷȥ˺üΣһ磬æѾȥׯӣ˵Ҫ˫Ь

ЬӵҪЬһȥ˳ȥ˲鲼ͷ
ЬӶһӣһ룬дЬΪΣһҪÿʢСϲÿĶˡ

պ˫Ь˹
һ޲ԼЬ룬øԼ

ÿ˫ЬӶһľʺӣĽǵλƣȥ´󷽡
ۣһ˫ɵЬӳǧףЬΧѩ׵ëëӦǼˣȥһ㶼£Ьװɫģͷպɻɻȴġ

СĲżͷ޻ĺ̬䣬ɻƬ꣬ȫ޻Ĳţ̲סһ˫ЬӴȥ϶Ľ뾭ѵҲֻﴩԼˡ

һСҪ죬ԸЬЬϸģͷͼҲÿʣһ˫鲽˺ĻЬϻССݣҲ֪ɩôġ

濴ЬӣѾ͹ȥ˰ʱѾߴʣӻ

˼Ь˴𣬾һ˫һ˫ضЩͨӵĵǿ԰ڳȥͷŲҲ㡣
˶ЬͰѶ͹ȥպȡҲ۹Щ߻Ǵ޶ˡ

뷿Ьעһʮʮ٣ֻ֪Լϲ͸ĸ׼ˡ
ۿɼضһ࣬ͲôҪˣҪɫģҲ˼ҿԼȴûũҵǧûдĺÿ

ʱʱȥׯСס£Ь׬ľжʮӡ
׼Ьӵͣͣ˵ׯϵһ˫

ʮӣȥسլӡ
ϴ⣬ԸؼңһʱҲԸ⣬бк÷˯þ

޵ÿոϳ㲻ۼɩӻأڳסˣôȥ

һųȥʢǣͰԺӶˡ
һԺӣ᷿߼ݣԺпھլӾڳϺͬͦ㣬ľӴ̸Ǿס

һ¶ʮµġ
̯׬ǮЬӵģȫԺͷˡ

Ƿϵ˵ȻˣŻҲȲǿ
Լ϶һңϴһң޿ֵͦġ

Ǻ¡

ϸŹڣʳ⿿þζЩ˱Ҳ÷ŵ㡣

գ˴Ǳ̸ȥסﻹЩ˵ⷿӾⷿӣǿûУȥסͷһ⣬ǿʢǰ

̫Ͱ϶˺ü飬ڿ죬֣ÿ׬Ǯ٣ǾͶ
бǣ׬ǮһĲٵûҪ͵͵Ǯûǵĺùӳԡ

ȥΪҲ̯ԥҪҪ֧ʳ̯ӣ׬Ǯ

޵һҲɣ̯ӵȶ˵

ʢȻסĵطûжãʡ·ϵʱ䣬Ҳܿһӣ͸㹽Сײˡ

ôһ£ת۵Ѯһûôˡ
ׯڹʵˮ٣ׯӵĵûиɹΪˮˮˮˮ˳Źʡ˵ˮ

ׯϵҾ͵ˣׯڰʽóǸꡣ
Ϻ﹡ϳ麵̣۾΢΢ţүӺٺֱЦͷڣһ굽ͷлƸɣֻдæ

ټ϶ϱ׬Ǯһ׬ʮһһµĶ࣬ʳ࣬Ǯģͳ졣

˵ҵϱŷЬӣҲ֪׬׬١
׬Ǯûɶϵ

ֻĵׯڳĺòá

ǻ˵סĽʲô֪ҵķб£⣬СʱǹܼҺ֣ׯɶ˵ġ
ṫȻŲŵ¶źǸӷˡ

Ūˮ֪ɶģͷľͷϺҲ֪һЩ
ϾǶ㹽Сײ˶ûţ˹ۿŵĲ˶ɰˣҾȻֳСײǵӡֻϵɲˡ

գǴӹŴĵҵһֱô󣬶˻Сײ˳ԣɲ

Ϻͷ˵͵ش򽻵ֶգ£Ǿͷ˵ɶҪҲֲܸ˾ͺˡ

˿еͳ¼ҹ뿪

¹һЦģṫ֮С˻òˣʮСײˣʮĲˣʮﲤˣʮ㹽ƽ

ô㻹һˣʢͻ˳¶

¹£ү˰ԣһҲ޷
䣬¹´Ų˻ȥ

⿴Զ˿һʢЩңҲֲ̫壬ǹޱǣԺˡ

¼ǰ¼ң¼ҶСܿǹ⵱ȻҲǹġ
֮С٣ƫۣóԣ޾ͳ¼˳Ȼͳˡ

ܿ۹ޣԭҲǰæ˶ԣʮˣҲʢȥһ룬ùҳԡ
ٶûˡ

طޣÿ컹ø̯ȥȻʵĶ࣬ĿǰΪֹֻһ⡣
Сײ˶ʮһĲ˶ʮģʮ壬㹽ƽʮǮɲˣ⻹

Գ¼˵Щ˳Ե𣬾Ҳõû˳ԡ




27.  ڶʮ    ѧǶ

¹, ̻ظһţүǰС˹˵, ү
¹Ҳû, ÿ˲ˣүʡϲС, ƽЩû˹, Ҳ̵ˮɶģƫÿضʡ

¹Ѿ̩֮Ȼˡ

ֻ˶ٲˣǲǻϻһã¹һһˡ
ùȥˡ

鷿ûˣԾЩ顣
֪ӢĶӣӲ, Էﶼɼ˶಻ŵ, Ӹ˵ϱҹ뿪ٺӢ, ǰӢ˳Ϊӡ

ûʢʲô, ˼ҵ, ٲŵҲΪ̸ʡ
Ϊ, ׯܺãϸƤĲѲƤ, ǰռϳʵСײˡ

˲٣ƹϣ, ӣܲǰײɶѾϴˣٹһ£ȶɶҲûˣײ˾ǶΪܳԵ߲ˡ
СײۿɿڣĶģŮ˵ֵġ

ʢһңһ˼Ӣ
ܿӢӢңǷֳȥӡ

ˣ⡣
զֲˣ
˰ҲûͨȴǶˣҲһӣ˶ͦԵġ

ֻųԣȴЩġ
˶֣ܲԺҲôֶܲһ㣬˵פر߹صĽʿԡ

ձ߹̫ˣ˶ʮ꣬ô񲻸ʢһٷܳһӣδЩʿȺԲϡ
Ϳбӣвˡ

ղ٣˼ׯӽů߲˳ԣһЩѧȴɣղ˻ǹ
ֵ߲ˣٿջûУУдΪ

ˣԺ첲ŤŤӣ֨֨Ĺͷ졣
ׯĶֲˣˣǲǸһЩҳһЩʣµɹˣԡ

Ĳһһ룬ʣµȫ֣սƬȫǴ
ٲֻҪʹҲ

ֵĲ˹ԻӶ࣬ռ䡣
ǷӻʣһЩשͷľϣϺŪһЩٸӡ

ԭҲֲˣͷļҾ߻ŲӲڣɲô
ÿ춼ֲۣ˲ӽˮУÿҪʱҹͷˮҲͨˮǲľң࣬Լȡˮ

ũҷʺúܶ࣬ҲΪ
ڳˣСУ磬Сܲ˳Եġ

оңѲ˼һ飬Żݣݵһ¶ǻЬ
ﻹű裬ȻûôˣһЩ

Ǯޣ¼ҽˡ

ǮһҰɣף֮ٶֶٶһҲæ

һˣӵĲ˾͹æģ°ۻˣ뷨Ӹһ
Ҳôģٶֿ϶͵ùˣ˵Ļ϶֪ôֵģֻ֪һ֪⻹Ƿĵġ

ھ͵ˡ
ջһ£˶յҲ졣
Ǽ죬̯ӾͲˣԼҵϱ϶û

ǰæɶģҲЪ졣

㣬˶û˵ȳԹݵʰá
˵͹ûɶһøһЩ˵ᾸˣޣҲͼǹӲҪġ

ôүԺ϶ڵġ

һ߳¼Ҹȡһزˣ¹»ûаѲˣĻⲻ˵˵ⲻǡ
һξ͵գǴʢҷա

ˮ٣Ϻ֪˼ңׯճɲĶٶǷɣһƣһҷһǧٶʳ

ʳҪɹɲܴ棬ЩʳͲ¶ٰѵ׸ˣӣʰԵա
ϺΪվˣ˵Ҫӡ

պü죬첲ȶԼˣϺʣṫӣӸɶⶼˣúţֵɶҲûӣˡ
ϺĵȰ벻ǸԩǮǮɵɶãطľǰڣھˡ

ׯʮĶأӾ͵ûһǮʱûϲȫשͷשͷӻľ͸ࡣ

˵Ҳе壬ȸʮ䣬ĶصģҲ֪ڼڻӣֵˣ̯Сײ˺㹽ֳģ붬׬СǮĶҲ٣Ҫ˵ġ

Ϻ֪СײˣӸ˵ɴůͣӶѿ

⣺߿ɽɽϲأһ̿Ͳõӷѿ
ʮĶҲûȫá

Ϻ۾һֱ̼̿ͳˣ

⣺
Ӧù˵ģ챿˵塣
ǹ޾֪õ̿иߵ֣֮ʲô̶̿̿ûУͨĺ̿Ȼϡ
ͨռղ𣬲̿գճʲô֪أôȥ

Щ˼ңһһǮЩȽŲˣơ

һͨϺ׹ȥ
Ҫֵ̫٣϶ĸࡣ

ϺУӵò͸磬ʵ㣬ҲýʵȻѩѹˡ
ﷹĥţ˳˾䣬ֲҪ˰æ

ǰֳɣ˭Ұ﹤ͷһ׬֣׬ٷ֣ҪǲĻҲһһعǮʮͭ塣
ЦЦ䣬ɻס

ǷӰ﹤һҲʮͭ壬Ҫǲɣһˡ

ϺȰѸӵĻӦڰ﹤ʱ˵ʼӡ

սѾǾ·ˣתҲñˣʳɹãֳ˰ģټˣӾǧٽƶһǧٽһǧٽ˰ٽ

ܲٶײٽԹ˳ˡ
ֻ϶ʵ߲ˣܲʹײˣȷſⷿ
ܵ˵ճɲ

æգǾͻʢˣĵ죬˳ꡣ
µ綼ûͣվԺſڣԿһزкɣɻлˣ޵ˣڶˡ

ǰʱڴǰ꣬õʳɹĸɲɣ᲻ᷢù档

˼񣬡ϵ㣬ûĿɷˡ
ˮһݣ׷ùⲻ֪ĵطճô

޵زʩԲİֶˣҪճɲãվ͵ܶ
֪ô졣

Ĺ޼򣬡Щˣʲôʱ󲿷˾ܳԱˡ
Сޣֻһˡ

ӣù϶׵ö࣬Ѿˡ
⿴Ļʹס޵֣ʹѾù޹Ϻӡ

һε˾ѮĶǻƹ϶ˣˮǶ˲١
żϵˮƬޱشгһСײˡ
Եζʹǰࡣ

ҾȻУԭĲ࣬Ѳһýײˣÿ춼ܽСײˣ
ʼﻹжٲˣ·˵һأôˣ

һһȥ˰




28.  ڶʮ    ѧǶ

ʣÿȥ
ǰ, Ǳ𴦣ÿ˹ȥʲôӡ

ãЩ㲻, ˼ұܡ

˷˸, ѾȥòˣѾ, Ҫϳ, ɱûѡ
Ҳò׼Լż֣¶ˣǿɾ

ڳǱȸ֣˵ʥ׵ܣһĸͬոǿ, رһ߰˸, ʣʱŻʢСס
ڱ߹ʱͰ£ϵ, Ļ, ĺƽ̩, ȴɳפԿܺ

ʿͬͬס, δΪԼݸһȾͿС, Ϊ߽ʿ˲¡
³ؾʮ, վҪ̻

¸ϲϣŲ˽˰ү¹һҪ
ȵʥС꣬ɿȴûʥᣬʲô£˵ɡ

Сײ˷ϣҵĲ˸ɾûУҲص˰ӡ
Сײˣ¶ֲ죬Ϸģ

ǣʢһֳġüͷšһҲѾ˺üˣۿˣֳĲ˻翪ʱǰ㣬Ȼ˱£Ӧûķֲϡ

߹ؽʿȱˣȱʳ

Ŀ΢һСŰײˣȻۣһ£֭ˮɼ࣬뵽ģҲ뵽
߹ؽʿ࣬ԵĲãܶܳԵĺһ㣬Ȼٺò

ǡ
ʣ˶Ǯһز˰ɡ
ϡΪ󣬱˶ûеֻУôܱˡ

߹ؽʿ԰ײܲǾͲСײ

СײǶʮһ˼Ǯ࣬¹ү˼ǣ·δвͨ

ֲ˵⣬ԭӢӣΪ̫ӷϳ֮λûãʹϱ뿪ˣׯֲˣ׬СǮ죬ʮӣͻȻׯںСģɽûС

ţ˵Щ֪Щ֪˵ǰⲻѧпԭڸˣ̯գ׬Ǯ
ɽ

ܶ϶ҪɽأһСӣ׬СǮأǾҲô졣
һˣֶ٣ô߹سԡĿɽܻرʲô
ү˼Ǵˣֲˡ

̵Ķеԣү֪۰գЩ˲֪ԼǮҪֲ֪ˣͷһľû̧˼ۣݺ׬һʣҪǲͰϱץӢ
ǻֲץ֡

˾֡

ǲһˣֲˣȻģݺ׬Ǯ˵ǮʿǸʿԵģֿôô׬ǮͲˡ
ȱȨǮȱʳͲˡ

û˵Щԥ
ǾæԺ󻹸ү߹صĽʿ

Сңûعңͳ԰ײܲӿడ

ȱô࣬䣬Ҽһû˳ԣͱ߹صĸ٣ҲδֳΪʿģ»ùԣΪ߹ؽʿЩ£ΪЩ£ֺη
һ֮λû˾ûˣԼб£γԺûг·

ٺһЦ¶¾ˡ
²˳٣Ͻȥׯϣ·¹죬·Ҳŵط

Ұũ䣬һﶼɰͰ͵ģ׸ӣӶһأ¹꣬лˮʱ򾭹üׯӣȻСġ

⣬⣬ṫӰæֲˣ¿Խǡ
ʣǳǳҲԼֲˣǵĲȷ˵߹أ

ʵ뷨ð죬ݶǹģϰս˰˰⣬ǹӲֹʿԣˮ⣬ǽ
ֻԼ취տֵĲˡҲҲһֱӴ屶ĵء

ⲻÿģأֻӾͺˣʡ˴ڽɽ档

ðݣ£ףү¶˵˲㣬ʹҷˡ



ȥҹˣ¼òˣҲû¶ҹҲʶ˵ģ

˵ͷǣ⣬ǰ

ޣ
һ»үˡ

ȱ𼱣Ҳ˵ģ˼Ұæֲˣ˳ҲǰѲ˭ֳĲһǮһȫ

Ӫݡ

ֱԺǮʱ򣬶Ϊ£ɴûôӣһ¾ͺͰߡ
ܿ˵ʹ˸ϻ磬Ҳ˵ˣפر߹صǰͷǻϡ
У֪

ؿڣۡ
ǵһѵݡ
Ǵߣ׬ǮСΪ´󣬾ԺҲ磬Ҳõ

ĺô

룬ġ
ù޹Ϻӣӹɵģæ۵㣬ĺãھ

޺һڲ裬꣬㾲ˣʵ뿪Ҿ̤ʵӣׯͦãС⣬׬СǮϰͷаϻлϡ

˵˵ף£ֲ˵㣬Ҳ㡭޲ںǮûǮãɱ֮粻ˣӣױӻš
̤ʵӣ뿪Լ˫ֳԷҪΪ֮֡

һʱ֪˵ʲôĵںӦԺ϶˵ֲֻ֣ˣһɲܡ
£Ȼǣ

ھ£˳Ҳ죬ּ磬͹ȥü
һ֮΢΢ʮʮȥڼׯתаæá

ģû£ܳʲô£ģֵضѣĶ֣æ¡
ǰҲо𣬹ʲߣΪðճԺһ㣬ÿҲͦ۵ģйڣǲġ

϶ֲȻΪβһԡ

޵ȥһүⲻС£˵˵С

ݵţҺܸɾŵľͷԵϴ֡
ȢϱĸԵ֪Ů˽ãԹΣﻰ˵䲻

Ů˼Ҿ鷳Ҳǣô¶

һڲ裬꣬׾͸裬͹޲Ź
޼񣬡ͺүõȣ뿪ΪӾôƽƽȥȴүٺᣬʵڻ֣̿үѾ˵ˣͷͨգֻ밲ȹӣ¿ԡ

˵ţ̾˿˼ؿ˰һۡ
£ôǺô⣬ɵӣ˵ɶɶװ׸ֵض⡣
ۣɱֺá

е㼱ȱ¶ۣṫû˵ֲˣֻ﹤ȻؿƿҵȻҵģǾͣˣṫҪæҲֻҪֳɵѣ˭ṫ

˱θ֮ԡϷ߹ؽʿܶĲ̣Բ֮룬ṫӺͷ˴Ӧ

޵үѴףʢǺүʢ
ססҲ˵˵ģӢ˵ڿӲǱ۲۵ģպδزĹ͹鵽ӢѶϼ£Ҳܣ

ˣŲϷŵùŵùϰɣṫһΪ룬ȴ֮˺ṫӣֻۺ죬ɱȡѣҵĶΪУ°ĺ˽С֮У˵




29.  ڶʮ    ѧǶ

ͿС, ӽ̯һ˵ûУǳܿ޽ã¼δõˡ
Ϊ˴, һŲ

мͷӡ
ṫ, ˣҿд顣һ㱣֤

޿, ˵ͷ
ʱûרŵũҵо, ԼֵضĹˣճɺòãȫү

⿿˰Ҳһũҵоأһְٰ˵, ¹, ۹͡

ԿףǳǱׯӣ, ṫ, ׯ˽ǩ, ɷģɶ, ǽйҲе, աӾ͹

ǶˣԺռ˰, Ǿǰ϶
ȴһ׮£ߣװ˵ˣ˼

Ӣһͦģֵضˡ
Ժ¹»Ǹһβˣȱʲô˵ؿȥúͷ˵Ҫ߶

˵ˣû˵˻ΪӢ
ǣ⣬ӢԺͱ߶ˣҿǸͿ

ˣ𻰲һ룬úø˵˵
¶ûأֻ˵һ룬˵Ҫ⣬ͨ⣬ϵŰպͽɽ𢣬ϱ飬ͱˣҵû

Ůڣܲ˱˼ңԼҲ³̣ùŮ߶ԺۼҶ͵˳ԡ
㣬ɾˡ

˵Ͱ뿪ͻݣ޲ڣȥ鷿ңˡ
˱Ӻһڲ裬ˣ˵ׯǿҪȥ

޲ֵ̫أׯӴûܹǸСסˣⶮҲ֪һӸ磬ôϲӴ򽻵
˾ô֣Ҫˣ˼ǣһºһˣ쿴ˣǲǻҪ̿

̿϶򣬲˲ţҵ˼ǻĲһľ֣ʡطҵˣܰȥɹ̫

ʱʱСʱɹ̫
ֲ벻⣬ֵЩ˰컹ȥɹ̫أʱûϲ̫ߣ´Ҳߣղؽ

ͨռҶǳ԰ײܲɹ˸ɣ˵ġ
ҲУֻΪɱߣؼ

ҪĻҲСײ˶ʮģ˵ļǮ࣬˾ˡ
ͨ˼ҲԲ

ⶩļǮЩ˱˶ˡ

Լ䣬Ҫ˿磬ˮˮʱѲ˰ᵽͷɹ̫Լ̿ά¶ȡ
ľֲ˲õĵĳѣֳҲɾղҲգҲܻƣϱ֣˼Ѳ͵ǲͣȥǱ֡

ׯӵĴأȼ˰úʣȥһˡ

ް˵ļ£ѧѧʱæ
úɰװˣɰ֡޿ӻͦģһһСݮأ֡

ׯҲйӣϣԺԶһЩ׬Ǯ˾أ˿ˮ֣ˮҲûǵڵ
ҲķӣˮҪգˣһ¾ܳɡ

ӣӡ֡

޴ǮóʮӣûɶǮ˰ɣȥãʡŵ㻨

⿴ӣˡ
˵꣬ʵ⻹Ƿ𣿡

ЦһӣõɶдѽҾ¡
ȥǮǮ߬ý

ٺЦȥٿȱɶӲĶ
ޣ̿Ļõ𣬿ð͡
ԼõģԺ󰲶ӦҲ͡

µʱһӢˣͱ˵ˡ

޺ȥʢǣܳ϶٣յĹӣѣ۹ϣһһŵ˼ѣ۹ϣȥ̯Ǳ߿˿ӣѣһ۹ϡ

ԴӰᵽʢǣӴ絽ڳڰ̯ɶʱУǵҲ⣬һٶݡ
ΧһƬҲˣĶͦĵģʱ粻Խˣͺͱ̯ӻӣһ档

˵ߵҲóԣĲ˺֪࣬齴ĹҲ˼ռˣ棬ӵɶġ
˵óԣ̯ҲͿͷãˣ齴ӲһͷããдԶӵģһҲźˡ

Ӱ˵ԼʵڵĽ̯ﶬ̲
齴óԣǽ̯֮һһСײˣСײ˵Ľʮһݡ

˼٣Сײ˽ӼǮûǹ˱ǰࡣ
ĺãξСײˡ
Сײ˵Ĳ٣Ӷȥˡ

޾Ϳ⣬ɶĴȥԣţչؼҡ
ӣ֪ۡ

뿪̯ʻӣ˭ôôÿһԴͨͨЯ͸ɾƵġ

ӵҼҹӺͷˣȥȥȥɶҵˡ
С̯˵ıӰе죬ٿӣҲе졣

˰죬˭ⲻҵĹ𣬴ǰڽϹ䣬رϳȻˣҲǣôÿϱٲġ
齴ӵģ

ֻ̯ǿҲûģ㲻ڹҲܱȵġ
⣬ͱǵĺ

ʮСǩ飬һʽݣһݣһݣһݡ
ǩ뿪ˣ͵ģṫӣô㶨£ܴүҡײƭүҲס㡣

ƽȴ˸䲻ôȨˮ¾лввдͻˤķǡ

үġ

µףһҲûˣҿʼˣǮһڽ̯ţһһٽľûС

һţӵţұţһּʮˡ

˳˳죬һ磬컹ûһȥ̯Ƕţ춼ȻûˣȻǹ¶ӣˣȫҪˡ

һܹһٽˣȫ˺ͷ˾򲻵ˡ
Ϻ϶ȰСģⶼˣһһģܳԵһ㣬Ҫȫˣɶ

ô໰ʲôֲǲǮ㣬ǮҾͰѲˡ
˰Ǯ϶ƣˡ

ӵţԸҲ㡣
ӰǮ˻ȥȫ˱˳ɶ˭׬ôǮƾɶǵ㡣

ô˵ġȻ⻰üͷһ壬ֻûӸߣûǶ࣬ϾͰһء

ô˵ģô˵Ҿô˵һٽɶԼҳԣԲɣתȥɣһʮ壬ʮǮתһξ׬ءӰ˸ߣߣ·⣬Լһȥ

̯һ֧˹ˣΧſ˻֣ſ׵զ£զɵ¶أתͷ̧ȥûţ


ǲҪɶ˶ռΪԼͦ

˼͸ȵĻţԶӵˣ˵ұߣӻõһء

˵ţ˿Ӳһ㣬¡




30.  ʮ    ѧǶ

䲻֪Ϊ˵, ֮Ͷˣⶼˣŵ, ɵġ
ұ߶ź, ˵ˣŮ, , վǰͷһӣðž⣬С磬Сײˡ

ӳ˲ˣúá

Ӹʮͭ壬С磬Ժǲǵ, 㿴ȽҲ㣬һ, ϱӣСײ, Ҫȫñ, ǳɶѽ

ӵ, еļ˶࣬еļ, ľͶһ, ĶУҪʮʮǾͲˡ

һٽˣҲ͹ʮ, ؿڣԺһС磬ɶʱԺ᲻һ㣬¨ӣҲ

Ҳ֪ж٣ÿ϶Ͳˣʶ¨ӷլԺſڣʣµĲϣ֪͵Ķȥ
ֲ˲ףȡֵ㡣˵䣬кͷˡ

϶ϱһˮһӣ죬Ϊ˼ů⡣
һӾˣӿͷвˣûˣɡ

һţŰɶûţզ£Űˣ˵ûûˡ

ǰأզûˡ
ûţ磬ǻ

ǿ˵أùǰͷĶУûС

ӵһô࣬ÿĶһٽΪɶǰͷţΪ˼𣬻Ǿ仰Ը
ȷôһյ˭鶼ãһСֹ˾䣬һ˵ɶ֪ĻΪ鱦ء

ҿɲˣ⹦򣬻ڼ˯ء

ɢмŵ߽Ӷȥˣ϶ѲȥԱϴ֣ȻϱһӣŲ⣬˻⣬ʮһСײ˵򣬺ǮǴġ

϶ϡ棬ŽĺΪóԣպ齴̫ˣãû˵
СײզҲأǼҹͳԴײˣܲˣ궬춼

ǰײвˣײ˰ˮҪܷƬĲˡ
ʮĶһˣⲻ

϶벻ͨףǰ⣬Ҳĺģվ¥Ĳˣһͺüӣʱ򲻵
ůĳԵˣûеģɶԲϷůֲͣˣ˹ҪôҪôˣզԡ

ʢԼһˣȻҲǮˣʮһĲ˳Բ𣬻ĵģһһĲȣ򡣻Ӹ˵˾ĸ󣬷ҲֻǹӷûаѼǮô߰ˡ

˵ʱƲǮҲûע̫࣬ЩƻСˡ

ºСײˣֺǺǵػظ˵ϼһˮƬһʣµĲײ˽ӣҿͦԡ

ºׯůģǲ˻ûȴͷš
Т˳ǰӸ˽ӻϲǰһȥŶСײˣ˵˺ķüЦģТ˳

˵Ļūˮ̡
̯ӵĲˮ飬йɵζׯů磬ÿ
ΪׯӵĲֳЩƣӽľ̡ͦ

ΧҸҲȥŵȣҲ֪ûС

̯͹ÿ׬°ӣټͲ׬Ǯһܻʮӡ
ʣµʮܵǮ뿪󣬼Ѿһʮˡ

ׯĶظʮӣѾõĴﲻһֻͨڣطʵúܣûУԱůΪ
ׯȫǳӣĶأøһǧӲС

ͷؽ˸ӣׯĶصĿȫһٸӣһӸǮЩľ׬ӡ
Ŷӣͷá

Щ޿϶ǽׯϵˣͷϾ٣µޣԿľ
ÿܣϻ֣ٹȥʮ죬ׯӵڴˣҲһȦ

ϻͷϴ˰ȻŻЬӽݡ
޿ۣͲ֣ˣԶٲܲ

ûԼݣԼʵˣߣޣҸ첲

΢΢ʹ˵㾢첲ϸһ㼡⣬ź
ӲģҼǰġ

ҹӣֲϰ书ģҲûʲô
ԭ
ׯ֮ÿˣػذἸʮΣˣϵҲʵˡ

Կ˵㡣
ӣϣԼӹϲǾˣóԵģԭӡ

ѾˣԺ͹ûбˣŽţǷ޶ˡ
´⿪Լؼ޿һ£ǲӲģ㿴
а˿ء

㶵أգգ۾յƣɴģᱡһ㣬
޶ȣҲֱ󣬡ʲôΪأҲ䣬á

⣺ã¡
˵꣬ͷԼۣҸоǰʵˣȥҲۣˡ

૵ʵʲôãоУоǲС
ҽһöûУˣôһ绨ӣôûƵġ

û壺˵ʲô
üûʲôȻ

´ϵϣ˭֪קס½ǣͷͼް·߰һ£Ȼ־еⱻһ顣
о¶ˡ

ɫʲôӦûѽ̾˿·ϵãˣˣȥԷɡ

һҪվȥȥø
ӵﲻܣЩʧ˵ʲôܣȥˣݡ

¶࣬ҲȥֵˣԷԼԼҲȤζҲϰˡ

ȹ޴ȥʹ˰ޣ.ޣ
һʲô»ؿɲˡ

⻺һȥݶ˷˲ˣСˣСлһʣŹǡ
ʣȥʲôˣ

ܲ˵Լ侲һ飬ȥ֡

ӴãʣµĻ磬ǰ죬һֲȻӡ
ӷѿ֮󣬰ĴСһһ֣Ʋ࣬Ͳúͷٻʱˡ

޵˵ͷͷе꣬մɡһѰɣҳ
ԼԹޣɾࡣ

԰ɣ֪ˡ޲ԱŹҲǸ׼ģЩⶼܳ꣬ԵĲ٣ǲ⣬˵˽ʵˡ

ԹˢˣôûҪǵŴǸɣûôĽ׼
Ĳ˽ˮ̿̿һ紺װѲժˣ͵ׯſڣӡ

ڲ˸Լʹ
ܹңÿһʮһٽóȥǮһûʲôͬ
Щ꣬һ²æˣҹһΣ̿ˮˡ

޴ӹ·˴񱻣ˣöǵ㡣




31.  ʮһ ʮ   ѧǶ

Ȼû, ǿգﲻȱ¯һ, ϾȺ, ̵ĺ񣬸Ӳ
ʹ, , ůͣ˯

޻£ڿ̴˰֣߾ڱϣǹ޵ϡ
ȴ̺ã, Ҫ˯ɣ, ˯ʵ

ԥһֵҲУ˯һѰ, ů͡
һ˯ϰ, ԺҲô졣

ü, ô£ԷʱҲ, ǻ, ô˵ĵġ

⣺ҽеۣӲѣ˯ɡ
޵Ҹ, Ҹĸġ

ܲҲܲˡȹѣϽѵȵƴˣҲȥС޵֣ˣˣ󣬹޸˯ů͡

ٴһ㣬Щģ£СʵʲôҲǹģȻŪĻңǡ
˵ǰ׻ʮꡣ

һ˵ҹÿ죬ò˶ǮͻˣҰˣȥ߹صĲÿ¼ʿʮÿԣʵҲһһǮҲüǧӡ

ǷϵǮͻˡ
ʼüױӻǮʱ⻹ϣҲû취ܲĸҪ˵ˣǰ竾ҪҲҪ
Һá

ûˣһһǧӣǻͦģ٣Ƚˣȥʢľ¥һȥĵģÿѣ

ŮӲϲЩΣڼʲôΪ㣬Ϊϲ

ЦЦ͵͵ĺܺѾͲˣӾͦãԼҲѣ£·ɫģһװ׵ġ
˵ȫɫģʡŴ࣬ϴ

ȻС˵ɫĺÿ
ԼΪڱʲô˵УʲôҴʲô

ﻹ޻ӣĻȥããʲôġ
磬ŻҪϥЬӣñӡ

Ź޾˯ˣɫϸƹޣţ͸ˡ
ͷʱ򡭡˵ʵãׯϵ˵Ļֶ࣬ǰãǷķ

һڼͶģζҪ꣬ʲôûУǰоңЩׯΪܳãΪβҲܳׯڡ

ͷ

ס޵֣˴ڣؼңϡ

һ磬컹ûˣۣѣĲ˽ˮֻȥ˯˸Ѿˡ
Թ緹ͳˣȥ¸ǵӿӣ֮ϺɫлҪ˵ôˣ

ϺЦЦӸǺˣǴֲˣ

ǰͷ˵ӸǺйһһʮͭ壬Ҫôֳ㣬Թʡ
ˣҷģֵ

ϺҺṫ˵ﳤṫûҪ˵Ļ߶أһǮͳɣҲðֳˡ
ϺҲ˵̼˼ʮĵأеĵطжֵģׯھûжֵġ

һȰǾ׬Ǯһʮͭ壬øɶ͸ɶָֻţȻǮȫȥǻǣۡ

޵Уͽ̯һǩ飬Ǯһʮͭ壬̫ۣ̫ҲòšˣɶʱѳźڳźۣæһʮǮ
һźڸǧźۣ͵㣬ʣµĴȡ

ϺʹӦȻŴϹˡ
ӻͦ⣬첻è𣬱Եľ٣컹䣬ڼèŻܶأȥɻǶ

ϺҪҪҴȥӣöʶأ㵱Ĳ׬Ǯ
ϴ󣺡϶ϱ׬ǮҲòңɶҲɼͲȱǮ

Ϻ㲻Է㲻ѣֵ׬ǮҲûţģ

ϴȥˣԼׯͷͷֺ±ļҶֲţһʮͭ壬һǶʮһٸ
ܸԡ

źÿ궼ɣѲǡ

ԸĻɣͰᶫˮϺӣҲɶ
ֵزˮȲ˵ĳ̧ȥɹ̫
ϺһĥѲɽ̯õСײֵģַӣǿˡ

ϴôӿӣѾӣҪȫٲˣ׬ǮͲӦ˵㣬̯Ƶķֳɶã䲻Ǯء

ϺҲڣô˵ⶼҵĶׯһôɶУǮòŵģͣ㣬˵úøɣ͵ˣҪ׼㡣

Ϻۿ糤󣬴ѿС磬һƬҶһƬҶӵسȫǲˣرϲˡ
ͶֻʱѲ˰ȥʱѲ˰û̫ʱãһһˮͷľˮ̿õö̿ﻹвأǼﻹҪůͣ

Ҳĥô֣ؼҵʱⷨԣڿͷˮѿȻҲ֣ˮɹ̫Ҳ֪ȱһĲֻСζࡣ

ϺӦˮͬõˮͨˮɫһ֪ͷʲôͺƿˮ˾ܳ

Ϻˡ
źðĥźۣɹװææ͵ʮ³
䣬һƮСѩҳģðѲ˰ͷȥŹǮϺ͸Ӱɨһ飬Ūøɸɾġ

̿ˮүؼҳԷã϶ϱҲˡ
˵̯ˣѩûԸѩ̫ڳز٣Ǽ

϶Ǯϣһ׬ӣô֪׬٣׬ôǮȻԼģҲȵûš
Ǯӻͭ壬ϰǮ壬ҵҲˣ

ϵˣҪѩСٹȥ͵Ъһ졣
ϵЪЪøɶɶһɱֻԡ

ܳͷԵͦã÷ڼҳԾˡ
ͷÿ춼ܳ⣬ʮһݵĽӳţԼˡ

ϵǳǳԵģǼģɶɻ⣿ǣˣϱɱȥ

ȥɱŶɩɹ죬ۣʱ̧׬ǮһãڼҲͦãóԣԲŻġ

ԼڣˣΪ޻ׯӣ׬ǮˣԵҲʢСײˣ⣬Ҳܼˡ

޸˼£ȥĶЩСˣһԲ֪񳤸ˣؿҲˣµģѣͿʼģһЩܿˡ

ްѿⷿӶҳָˣҲ¶£Ǳģ̿ȱš

ЦЦ̵ģӸ˵òˣôɶźù




32.  ʮ ѩ   ѧǶ

ǹ, ʹɵź˵ĻƣҲΣĶвϲ, 곤, ѡǰɫӣ·Ǹϳ, ʡܶ, ӺϹ컹Ҫȥġ

ףллλ㡣
ϵˣҲţȥǶðæѡ
Ҳʹͷѻ֧ȥ

Ȼߺ󣬹, Χ̿ѡ
̿ζǲɶõĺ̿, ǰǵѾߵòֺ̿ģӢ, õҲǵһȵĺ̿

˭뵽뿪, ϱ, ̿ȵڸõĻҪá
С͵̫, һѶꡣ

, ޲ҪӣͿɾò޻˵ȾϷ, ׬Ǯֲ٣ʲôҪҲûЩ
ֻˡ

ܿһļױ뼰ǻа⾰߬ӺÿǧӣӻңЩ
ϲǵĸҲָټױ

ǵСģĻ߬ţϵ͵˵һҲû£ӻڣܸСˡ

ϵĶӵɶģӽס÷šȱٸС죬ҪĶȥˡ
˵ǣŸСӣܣǼġ

һһ˵ŻǶɵĻҲһ֪⣬֪˰
Ȼ۾λȲӢǣľλǿã˸Сơ

޺޵룬ԺйүڵʱҲϺڵʱ
ǲڣ֮ÿ»Ƕб̿ԵĻã˶ãѧٶԺǼĶһڡ

鷿źѩŷڹҲҺûȻӣתͷȥǶѹˡ

붬֮Ҳʼ׼ѳʳðѾСɨѩȻˤӣûùӳԡ
ִ˹ߴ磬£ص׼ÿ

ɫġ
ǰӸ磬Ᾰһ£Ҳû֣ϵЦضزס

ˣ˸ӵĸ磬ԺҾǹˡ

ֿѾ߶ִЦ˱ȥ·ӣһۼҲӲ·Ĳ

澲ţӻͷֻ˵ȥӼﲼãѧܼһʱգū˼

һʱ򣬲ͳغãɫ£ãǮ·ˣ˲ٿ˹
ʮ죬׬˾һǧӡ

þۺ죬Ȼĸ׿𣬾ͷԸȥɫֻ˵

ֹɵģ˼
˲Ӳòظ£ūŰˣһµûӣǰӲãڲӺˣԼǮû治ǹǲҲǹˡ

Ҳ˵˳ߴˣԺ˺һˮ
͸ɵƵģҲҲ֪治ǼٲˣӻӲ𣿡
治ɿڣӲͽĺɰ

̾˿ˣģƤӱôǳԭΪһڼպ˵׺ú˵ͣǺͼģҲֻþõĸı֡
ֵ塣

ðͻһٶӣ׬˲٣ûɶҪãֳȾϷӺɩӻĻҪһ¥͵Ƴ³£Ͼ͹ˣϲůÿɫ

ȥׯӣѩ·ϻúܣƺ졣

ⳡѩµĴ󣬴Ҳûͣ⿴ѩ̫Ҳ׼ȥˣš
ϰ˿һһҰ˿ţϸСӣϰװ˳ӣǳӣɽ髸⣬ӵܺУԱ߻иϸ֦С¨ӣʢЩƤɶġ

Сŷ㣬Ьһ
һ߿˱һ߳Թӣڿũҵص飬ҵġ
һؿʱũҵչʲô̶ȣװװӣѧ޿
ʡԺʲôýͣӲѧרһţҲ̫˼

һ߿黹һ߸ްӳԡ
޾ͲˣһĲɶãŪĺˣϾͲˣ쿴
س⿴飬ʱʱιһʱӣʱǹӣҲûദЩ

ڵع޶δʱĸôദˡ
֮ĸɹԽԽ񫣬޳ԵЩˣ̲סɶ

⿴°ͣ۾ʱʱգһ£ڴͽʾ֭ʲô
Աӣůůӡ

޵⣬Ҳˣ⻹ϻء
Ҳ˵Ϊ˸ⲹӣһһԣھȻϻˡ

⣺ǳɣҨ齴Źǣż嵰һСײˡ
ʿˮǺóԣɳԲˣûܳԵ⣬ܳԵ棬ܿйͷԱ̵ġ

ڿһۣã£ҿȥĶǲԣǶԡ
޵˭ýѩأԺóԵġ

һ¹޵ˣŰɣȥŪ
ޣҸһƽ㲻ڼңͽڣҪһ

ЦЦǳԹӣйͷ⣬в棬֮ɶУԻһԣ
˵˶֣һ԰ɡ

ʣԻϳԣ
ϳԣǰⰾϳ԰ɡ
ϲʲô²һĲźãʲôҲ˼

Ǿϳԣ뻹ɶ˼Ƭ򼹹ǣСײˣˣӣܲĢȱɶ
㻹𣬴裬ҪжҲóԣֻׯûУûȥԱׯʡ

ðһһѹ޿϶ûԹѹ

æˣһջջҲǼС˵ģҪ
ֻǻ̫ͷպˣоӲš

⿴źڿ飬һҸգСĵ㣬㡣

緹򵥣׷ˣԹ緹ѹŹǼһԷŽɰСȥժ˼׼ס

ز٣齴ʵԹͦȫģɶҲȱ

ǸǸˣһԷӸ٣֤ǵˣС˯һϴвˣǽһɡ
ڵҪŴĽǶ̿裬һС̿裬ͷһͭмһ״ԧ

һףһ뷬ס
ڼʱҲԹӣȴûԹѿζģΧŹӰ˲ٲˣСײˣˣƬõŹǣ

΢΢ðݣζסƮſѽ
ԵĲ࣬ڲ涼ܾԣת˺üȦ⿴ˣԷԲ࣬˸ŹǣȳԿڵ棬һͳˡ

ţãһˣҪǷŹһ̣պ齴֪óԣʲôûѽ

ͷѩëǴƬƬ޻һ㣬µĵҡҡλΣƹ

ѷ׼㿪ͷһƬžּˡ




33.  ʮ    ѧǶ

˷, һտˣ֭, ɫƫ, ƫȣȷٷŲ, ¾, кóԵŹǣ齴һ⣬ܳԵĻ顣

ǰζأﶼǸζԣɺһ, ҲǺóԵģ㡣
齴, ֺ齴⡣

ʲģ΢һ̾ˣԵ﷢, еζ, , ̲˺óԡ
Եһ룬ȥһ, 뷹, ް룬ҨϷһ׻, ţ⣬Ҫţⶡóԣ

뷹ҸˣδԹ˳Ե棬ӷԵĶ˳ԵҲ࣬ʵ֮ǰģԺֻʶգûǮԲ˱۸ܲˣ룬תͷȥү
ЩζЩԼҵĴϣԼҵסһ飬ðܻ

ǻ뵽Ľ֮ˣÿ֣Σ˼ԼԼ
ӣȽӺóԣһɶܳţۣôˣٳ棬ҪǺȵСơ

˵ˣһ̧ͷȫˣզ˵ȾˣϲӺȾơ

ӣƾͲˣȾܶ⣡

޵ͷۼûƣӳȥþƣںȵ㣬Ϊģ͸ˡ
ӣȲȵĶУǺҾ㡣

ޣ԰ɣԵ㣬Ӻ࣬ڼҺúЪЪʢǼˣᣬǹԼӾˡ
вٺѣԴ뿪ЩһûֹܵûӰˣҲδҹǣѩ̿ѵĵ

ֻͳܿټϹȺ棬

ӵͷˣҶ˵ģ̯£Ӳһ㣬Ǳ£ùܾǡ

ϵҲûʲôˣҵķҲ֣ܰδôģ¶ҲɾԺӣԶһ档

ϰ£Ƿĵģǲһֱͷ̯ǮбǮˣһӡ
ī⻹ÿаӽˣʢӲˣһ˵ҲҪǧ׬ٰɡ

Թʰ꣬վſڿ˿ѩ
һ䣬ոѹʱ˲ܳԱůء

ѩͣˣѩûףߣǾûȥѩʼˣŴԼҵʢϡ
ϻ˲ˣһٽӶ

ڵʢѳźãӺϴ϶Ų˳ȥûһͻˡ
ر졣

ûȻ֪ΪѩŲ̯ɻ˵ҲΪˡ
һǶİվͳˣһްСѩأСֵˣȥ̹ӳԡ

ҼҶ֪Χ¯̹ӣƲǮ϶棬˵ˣֲ⣬ˣǮ˵Ӿǲһ

˲ˣȥ⣬⣬Ķãǳ̯ͣϰ嶼ˣͷ⼸ѩⲻã㻹û

ӵҲׯӣǰѩô󣬽·ûӡ

ϰҲǣڼðأΪƱǮ˿еȤ

ʢѩҷСѩ;ַǷҲǣ˼ǮƵģ䲻ۣӴѩ·˼ҷѩµĲء

ӺٺһЦ׬ǮҪϰ壬Ǯˣˡ
׬ǮҪǴҪġ

̯ϰ˵ûѩ峡Ҳ˽࿴ܴٳԵҲһ׮¡
ƽ˸ȶ£ԷƷأҲ൱ֻ꼰Ǿͼ޹ȥ

תۼ䣬ҲҪˣ˷˶Ůӣû±ˣڼױ幤Ҷ㺦

ȵ幤Ľ㵱һ

˷˺ǲͬؿ˹һۣ˵ΣٺĹǲڹʱǹϵãˣ㵹۰ͰͿţҲʲôݣʲôݡ

һ´ʲôݲݵģĸĶ࣬ҿĽûʲôãԼûǾͲǹ˼ҵŮ𣬾ͲԺӹȥˣҲң

˷ˣ˵һŮͬʱҲҲҲãֻϧ˵ЩΪãȼǻȥν㲻

ȵҵϣҪʲôҪڵģȴҸûʲôǮҪæҲҪڸ϶չͰɡ

˷üģͳɣаɣҲΪȥҲãϷǱ߶㣬ȹˣĹ϶һˡ

ⶼʮˣۿž͹ˡ
ȵ˵ͷŮȥĸ
޼˺£Ϊô࣬Ϊʲô¶Ҫãˡ

ѩȫˣѾʮµףͰȥׯӣ˳һ£óԵʱ򣬵ٴһ㣬ٴһ㡣

⣺ٴͳϰײˡ
ҲǶԵ㣬ˣģղ˹ȥֱֵڶ硣

ٰʮĶأǧӣȫǲˣղˣӣһĲ˾һǧһĶӣĶǧ⻹Ϊײû
ײĶǧﲻȣ෭һ

˲ͽˣһǧŰٶʮһӡ
ׯôأṫӴţţҲˣ

ЦЦ࣬ҲûʲôүЩװ߰ɡ
Щ·ⲻܶҲǵǵýţȥ·;ңԶ˶Ҳܳԣܱǿ

⹰˹֣ṫӣҲ֪ڵض캮Ĳ·ܶṫӣǿԣϣṫȥһˣæֲˡ
̬ȳϿңṫԸ⣬һʥǰṫӷֲˡ

֣ү롭
ҲȫصܣǷɻСʱ¶ڲһ
̫Զˣ·ϾҪʮ죬ÿӱޣ˵˽ʵ˲٣·ϵ֪ܲܵˣ̫ˡ
йޣˣʣһˡ

ɫᣬ޲ðԴͷṫӣ
⣺룬¿϶ͬҷ˵
ṫӣҾ͵˵˵ˣһˣôɶ¶ҪͷԼɣɷβ⹳ȡɽʮݣṫӴţӹµΪ

Ⲣϱһأ޼װġ

ṫӻȥͷ˺ú˵˵

װһ¶ȥ£Գ֣ûȹ˵𣬡ѲǮˣܹһǧŰٶʮһǮ˽˹ȥ·;ңԶܶ׻ܲȥֲˣֲ˲ܵӰ죬Ҳ֣һ˹ȥʡ˲˵ܺʡ

޵ǻһ¾͹ˣȥˣǰָز
óȥʵҲȥʡǮӣͺϸýҵġ
ķʮ꣬лᡣ
ǳԺõһꡣ




34.  ʮ ·   ѧǶ

һҪֿ, Ϻ·ϵǧԶ, Ƕա
ܲܲȥ, ǰģ⿼ǵĻ, ´, ǻּȥҲȥȥҲȥ

ȻȥɣǾʹ㣬ȥء
ԼˣתͷȰ⣬, Ǻ£ȻЩʿһսɱб, ǿΪЩС£ֲֵСǳԱԺ, Ϊ޴С֮, Ҳ㾡Լһ
ⲻս, ֻȥһˣܿͻ, ܲ, Щ²ڼң˵սϣЩô졣

Ҿ;һ, ȡǰزҲûɶġ
ס޵֣Ź޵֣ʹ߬ţ˵ҸٵҲ֪ļٵġ
޵Ҳֻ࣬ƽƽ

뿪ӻûҲ⼸죬ţ¶࣬ߵĴæ㡣
ӿ϶ҪߵģҪŵ˶ûУһ߼͵Ѱˣ¶

·ϴĶҲ٣ӣһǧŰٶʮһһ뻹Ƿǧһٶʮӡ
·Ͽ϶ӣվֽ˵ӣףЬӣӣԵȥǶ˲õģ·ʮ죬׼һЩ

ܲڳϷŸСӣɶɶֽϼһӣ̿÷ҩ̫ˣȾϷ纮ð죬öЩҩ
ȥµģɲȥܵģԼĶã͢ҲУУ˵

޿ϵĶ׼һȥð죬ȱɶͿġ˯ʱҲ⣬ȥУһᣬ۽һᡣ

ⲻֻ֪Ǿý޲˵ؾ᲻ȴտڲ˵Ҳ᲻ãҲ˵ڣǰҹζ࣬ҹˣɫɫͷ컨壬ȫǺ͹һӣ˵Цӹ뿪ȷֱۿʪˡ

ǲиӹ޻Щת˺ӣһ̥չˣֲڣø
ǺͿˡ

գ컹
ȥ˲¼˲ٺӳûҪҪ˺ʵտɫɫӣ޻ʮ˳ѻӽлˡ

ǰ󣬱֤ͷһչ˺⣬ù޷ġ
ĶܷģӸ󣬴ǰһҪʵûˣҲûȥ

Ѿˡ
޵ȥ֮иӦһˣҲģͷȼ֮أ䲻˵֮أСЩɶ±ͷû

Լϸ첲ϸȣ˷ģҿ϶Źӡ

Ҫ£ҲҪ޺ʹ׸죬·Ǳȶˡ

ϷΪƷʿũ˾˾˾ũɣũ֮£ӵܣһͬǰʿũ˾ܹˡ
⵹ʶ죬Ҳû£֪⡣

Ҳǣʢĸ˲֪⣬Ϊͬͬգʹ֪⡣

һѣ˳ͽˣӢһֳȥӣ⣬úøɣеûģѧһǰ㣬Ҳĸ֡

⻰Ҫ˵ȥЦ˴ѧѧɶѧôȾƶǮǷծĿɿڴþòƽȥͼ˵ʱ򣬼һĬ

󣬼˵²ƭ˵ģȻ˵ṫӣǾṫӣƷְͣӺܵûء
Ҳ֪զģǹˣǸɵ٣ĪӢ

Ϸ˵˵ͷּˣҿûӢ˰һǰ㣬˵ҶӶˣ¶Լı¡

ܹҲӵе̳£Ǵǰϵϴ󲻵þĸ¶զ˵

ϷĿһݣţ˭Ҳ˵ȥҪ£ܰһһѣѩ̿ѵÿɹ󡣡

ʶ뾩£˹ǣ˳ºңû֪

Ҳ뿪Ժ֪ģ⽻࣬ׯҲǺ͹˵ⲻ˿ο䣬ֳǲųףСʤ»顣

Ŀ˭֪»鶼ûУСҲ֪Ǽ졣
̫࣬ɲ̾´ãʡ⡣

Ӹˣ̯Ͼˣ޴ԼѡһϱŸɻӣ϶Щ϶ġ
ӵҲ˳˳

ʮһ£̫յ٣ǿէ𣬴ĿҶ죬³ŵҲ٣Ź̯ˣʡųȥܶÿ׬Ǯ˿Զһ㡣

Ҳֲˣմǰÿҹ˽ˮʱ⣬ͷúòãûе

òãҲһɫ
Ӻ͵ӣı©磬̼¯Ҳ̫ˣԽԽ䣬ͷһƬޣ·߾ɫǻɵģֻļѻС

Ǹŵڶߵģûһ˶ֻ࣬оʮ˲˵ĹԱߵļ죬ҹ̣пԡ
ŵһͬ˵࣬ͣϢʱţҲͼ򵥵ͷǲ˵Ҳ˵ȵ˾ְ

죬ÿվڳϣްͱӣ޸˸дͱɣ󼦵᲻óԣûˣʲôŵסҲ·Żˡ
еޡ
ĹһڼңϺڣ˻٣ôԺӣָ¡

мﶼ£ȫһ˼ϣ˭ϱģֻй޳Կۡ

Ҳ䣬ͷʿѩﲻž弸֣ӣɶʱܵ

⣺ҹҲ֪һŰѷ˴ô죬ɱˡ
ޣܱСװڴ·Ͼ͵䣬ʱ򲻵öñǼͨ죬û
ȵдţù޺úڼš

ӣǵǣ˵ຮ֮أɲ˵ģӣ⻹ûȥˣɶʱܻȥ

⣺ˣôҲ󡣡

͵ʮһˣٸֲˣɶŪöˣ·ϵʮ죬¡
ʱ֣զָأŻͨͨģеס

Ҳǡ

ӵӣ˰ɣⶳ˲ãûء

סץӵĳ嶯ֱϸֳǽڷǣ޵ãˣСĴָӷΣû¶˸ҴҩͿͿͺˣڿɲǹһˣҲֹԼģúúûţȻȥûͷ˽磡
ӣˮȵ㡣

ܳںͷĳϣһֻһСˡ
ףϰǿ壬޸֮ӣһˣôɪɪʲôӡ

ǣĲǴ٣·Ҳֽűֲ˼ȥ裬ʲôʱܵһ·̫ˡܳ硣
üһҲ֪Ժʲôʲô£Ҫһˡ




35.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ü, ޶һҲԹʲôֲǲ֪, ôʥҲšҪб, αصȵڡ

ܳʿյĿ࿴ҲпԵ, Ҷ˵Ϸ, ΣǶ˴ǰ·;ңԶһ·ϵĻҲ֪ʲô

ձ֪װʲôЩ, мӣǡ
ʿũ˾, Ҳ֪Ǹʲô

صֻˣܿֲź, Ҹ˵ĵǺ, ʲôƷְ, ҵʲôϢ

⻰ܳû, ֻһο, ̶ɫףһ仰˵
ܳصļ򣬡ṫ, ҲбµģҶΪѲؾ֮ڻǰ˵Щʲô档֣֪ﲻˬ죬·̫Եʣͺˡ

Ҳ֣ܳ˵ûֲźãΪΣؾ֮˵䣬͵ܷ
̾˿ֻ·ϵٶһ㣬Щɡ

ûԹĹӸ磬ܳ˳ϰ䣬˽ʵҲûôĵط
Ȼ⼸°ᶫˣߵ¶ʮȣԭǸֵĹӸ磬Ķֿܹࡣ

ÿڳﱧů¯̹ӣۼ£Ӿһһ찤ȥˡ
ԥݳţǰͷٵǰˣѾԥˣỤȥׯӣҵѺǰǡ

ԥǰѩټǰѩûĿһƬףţݣе·ȫѩ

ԥݱ棬Ҳı߳ǣڱʮ
ƿӳͨ죬˵ͷ·Сġ

ٵҲСġ
һ˵ͺһڰ⣬øУʲôûʳҪ˲ԶǧԥݳǣΪ˽ʡ˵٣ֵ塣

⿴ųԶʣ²ʮˣ߰ɣȥ㰲á

üͷһ·û˵仰ԥݣԺɶһ֪أˣǾҪʲô

߹ʮʿͿֲ࣬ˣǳԺһ㡣

۾ǲ˼飬ֲˣź죬ôֳˣôڻǰ˵ģ֪۾ɱͷ㡭
ﻹҰ

ܳ´ˣһʱԼųԲѷ

Цſˣö࣬£ϻһʵĴ멣ɫ÷ףƤȴãβ΢΢һɰУŵȷµġ

⣺ܶ£㲻ûУȻΪеװʲô

ػǲţôܣѵЩձȫǲˣڶֲˣûůһضʣˣô֡

ܳȴ˼֣ȻлϵԵɡ
ܳˣ²˳٣ǸϿȥѡ

˴ֲ֣ôˣϵĶҲȥˣ޸ҩܺá
ʮǹ޵ܸһҲˡ
ĸԸѵ͹ȺĿͷ˵ӣ˭

һת
ӸϽ˽ȥ

վԭأܳûж˼뿹ּ𣬿Լȥ

ôΌּ

ܳûУͿϳٵ󡣡


ųȥ˳ǽׯӣ˵ׯӣʵһƬĵأȫǲݸʯõȥֻһ磬˵ظˡ
سס۾һֱ⣬акׯˡ

ׯӹ£ȻҲܳˡ
©СһȺ˼˵ʵׯܹٵأ

µشˣܹİʮĶ
⣺һĶظӣϣͼֽҪߣһҪܲ͸磬ı̿

¿ͼֽ˵ͷ⵹ѣȻˣҲܶׯ˶ܸ࣬Ǻá
˿ɻԸ

⣺ľӣҹԽԽãʱλЩ

صˣأʲô
һ·ȻԹҲ֮ӹµΪ¿ܳ˵ûȻˣװģ£ҲûҪǿͷ

⣺һȥӣһӣӣȥҿӡ

ֶڿⷿʮôίʵ١
һ߸ǣľҲһţʣׯ֮ЪûЪ磬ÿպͬͬ˯Ҳůͣˣˡ

ظŸӣûɹֻҲظׯĶָǷӣҪůġ
ů󣬻ܲ͸磬̫ĴӶûУôׯڣٿأҲǣȫǻĵء

ҿмԴΪɡ
ֻܳŪľ䣬ͿӲ࣬аۣͷǲͦ׵ģȿã͵ׯӡ
죬һѾǺˣغ֪ܳôֳġ

ֻˮͳܸߣһһĲ磬ЩȫǱ߹ؽʿʳ
Ǽδδš

⻰٣˽飬˵
˵Щÿɹһʱٰȥ
̫䣬ܰʢķӣֻɹȻͷˮͻᶳϣҶӻƣûİ취

һһ쳤ů紺ز˵ģЩˡ
ܳǵĸ˵Ҫܸѧ㣬˼ʡ
ʿũ˾˾ȹũɣ֮£оϢϢأٴ

ˡ

ûûҹظɻׯӣֻӣвˣζҹάҲû˼Լ󷹣ææأĶǸġ

ض˳ԵҲãȴ˵ʲô
ǹĶӳԵĲãɺôвˣܳ԰׷ͷȸɻ˳ԵĺõĶࡣ
Ҫ˵࣬ǿеǣɵĻۣׯϵֻЩ½Ϊ

ʲôʸԹ

ܳĿǳԾɴˡ
ֲĸô˵ʲô֪ʹ󿴵óԶǿˡ

¶ʮԥƮѩʮ죬⳹Ъ˻ȥ˼
һСɣĵɳˣܻȥ˰ɡ

ɣһȻܳؽ˹粢ǰֱݵˮǰڴֲϣһˮʱ䲢̶ӿˣڿһ㣬Ҳ̰͵һ̫ࡣ

һҪůͣ紺ůͣȥɹ̫ʱҪЩᣬѲ˶ˡעĵطҪʱʩ

ǲľʻģܳزŪҪЩӸЩҲѡ

ܳû뵽Щʦһָ㣬ˣ

ֻ̻ȥȻһӶþֲˣҲɵɵذԭ˵Ȼʿũ˾Ȼ뵽˳Զ֮ǶҲҵԻᾡĽ

صͷˣǰеԭ¡
ⲻذڰ֣ҲָܳǶ๧ֲˣؼҡ




36.  ʮ    ѧǶ

, ˵ʿյĿ࿴֮ǰĿ⿴ⲻ˵С֮ĶȾ֮, һ㶼˽, ʵǣ빤ͬͬס, һӶûС뿪, Ҳгеġ
Ҳ֮ǰ࣬˸ǷľũʵĻ֮ܶϣԼĺһ㡣

ԶҲ¶ʮʱ˹ˡ
ǺԥòԶСչ͵ˣǰƷ󽫾
, ʮϹսѪȣоĺۿ, һˣ߹ؽʿлл

˷, Ҳллǡ
½ۿ, Ϊ˰פ, ûдﶬֻϺ, ɽ, ХķѩһĹ磬Ϊ˰գ˭Ըֵطܿࡣ

һ, ﵹǺ࣬˼ǣԸϹϺѩѲ͵
½βˣյˣǻûԹôʵİײˣͺܺóˣûôӣͷˡ

ʵظˣضҲЦˣǰҲ廰
ׯԶԶ½ʱʱ߿һۡ

½˴ζлˣҺˡ
ûʲôԣһɲòһ˫۾β΢΢йԵİĵǲ٣һȻ

ⲻ֪ǶãȽݰɣ˻õЩӣܳϡ
½ŽݣŲѩϣ֨֨ģһΪ˰⣬ô

˵ԶףϾ͹ˣʲôҪ㡣
Լʲôʱܻȥʿũ˾Ϊ˱߹ݣҲֹЩЩȥģҲ뵢֡

½ˣ˼ǵһֳʱܻȥʣµĽ
⿴ߵĹͶСܶȽŲã߹˶ս𣬴˴Ϻˡ

½Щʣ֪ˣһֱҲˣҲ˲ˣһ˲µûЩ˼ѾûˣԸߣս£ƶ˵𵶽սˡ

΢΢죬ڵܳû뵽д˵ԵɣǶûע⵽

㣬жʮ죬˾ͳˣʮܻȥˡ

½Ҳã©磬߽Ƕòϵģȫӣͷŷѿӣģͷȫѩ̲סˡ

⣺£Ҳʿ࣬ҵϣֵˣǳԺõ㣬Բ˳⡣

½¶һ˿ЦԲϼѣ̸װһ
ֳ̣ʿûԣ̣ǰԴϣ⻹֪ûԡ
Ѳа취

½۾һˣѲɻɶģҾǸˣĪҪ֣ǡ

ﲻζ뿪ʱͦ࣬ȴ뻹иġ
ֻܾһԣ߹ؽʿ٣붼Ե⣬ֻҲУҪ·Ҹطң̼һвҲּԣҲһǮһΣ

½һң
㲻Ҳ⣬ֻܹ̫࣬ʺ

½ȥ￴˿ˣľĲ̣ů͵ǣȻЩƣֵطô󣬾Ѿ漣ˡ

½Ӧ̼е£Ҳ֪뿪ܰɲˣҹΪһæˡ
ϡ٣ѣꡣ
л½һڽʿ뿪󣬿˿ɶ

һȣֻһһ棬㡣
̿ǲȱģĶҲûУҪҲûУЩ֪ˡ

غܳ촽ǳſһˣ·֮ܶ˵̿ǳԵòãҲûɶ⣬Ķܹ

ˡ

ⷹǸһԣܳԼԡ
Ѷ˷֣һΪҪ˺ͷǿ飬һֻ˰һ

ʣµͻӹԵá

ӰѶ鵽һҲûˣˣͷһسôԶеˣӣ˵ڼҲ׼ذɣǳɶǲҲӣмϺɶУҲ׬˲Ǯأ϶ܹꡭ

⶯˶٣Ӧǰɣʢůһ㣬Եúһ㣬̫ˣҲȥ

غܳûϲǻΪһأǡ
⼦˭ûԹǻ˵˵ãԺֵ¶ܲһֱ

û˼

ҲգǶһա

¶ʮˣ̼¯̿ׯſȮ͡
ׯŵģƽպûôй

Ѵϣҹ󣬺ģֻг
⻹Ϊ½̹ĵ½Ȼʱһǿ϶ÿ㣬Ͼ䣬̲ܶ

ѣǰͷӭӭͣѩУ۾ƿһˣ⼫Ϥˡ

µĳǹֱУҲе£ˣ⹷һֱУ˩أȻū澺һѹӺ
ǰˣеļҲǣһ³;䣬Ҳ䡣

Ҳӳ·ϺʮҲϰˣԥݷʲô³ɣͷȥǰͷ

룬Ļ治ɣҹ컹š
Ӧһŵǰߣһ˲ŵСȵѩŲ˾䣬˵ס

ǣ񣿣

ʹգգۣ߿ģݣɾ

ˣǹӣǹӣ

ѩǰ½ߺҹѩˣǰͷѩûµģ͵Сȶǡ

ܵĸߵһͷҲˣѳ

۾˭զʱ

֪ܳϤ֮ˡ

ܵĿ죬ûôҲûô죬ýܿ޵ݣǹޣô񣬶ǹ޹һˡ

ǰ˼һӵ뻳ͷһҲҲ·ģΨһȵġ

ѹ޹ڴ䲻䣬ôôˣ䰡ɵɵ
ǹˣ֪·಻ߣӷᣬŹ޵ֱյü

޵ǳ׺ĵһ꣬ܵһʢûʲô£Ҷиˣ·Ҳô䣬㣬ܿ˰ɡ

⣺ࡣ

ϺҲӳˣһۣٺֱЦһֵҲŷѩһǧ·ɶֵˡ

ӣݰɣϻвٶء

˷ſԣݽݣޣҴȥ
Ź޵֣Լͷ⴦ׯûΧǽʯ飬Աһѣֻǹ

ǺͼһӣвӣӦǸɻסġ
˲٣źѡ

ùȽݣûӸǰżݣס£ٴš
лغ֪ܳķˡ

Ǹһ뿪ִʢϹһ»ˡ
һֱЦرۣƽǿⶼզ˵Ц͸ָˡ

ǣ»ӲԶǧϹҲֳ

ѳףн檣ȴһţһ㶫ɫ࣬ܳοǲ»飬͵ʱ򣬱ˡ

Ҫãඣûãƽɬ
صڵʵĽ˵û֮λȴûأôһӣҲֵˡҼЩҲ֪ǳʲô˵㲻֮ض

ܳû˰ο˼ͷȻġ




37.  ʮ ʤ»   ѧǶ

˵ĽǼٵ, ܳҲĽ
ʲôһŮԸͬʹ˶ݵġûУŮӶùӲã㻹, ˵, òֵⶪ, ȴĽ, عĲС

ඳ÷Ҳû˵ŮӹҵĻȻʹģҲ֪ø˻˰ɡ
ˣ, ˯ȥ

ôѩ, Ǳů͡
غܳ˯һݣҲа飬ֻ˭Ҳ˭˵, Ȼûʲô, ڱȴ

ѹͽ, ԼֳȥˣԱ, ⰾ˵㽪, һߺö٣治ȱ, һӡ
ѣһ죬ôˡ

˻ҪѴĶã˲˵·䣬¶ԶһЩ
⣬Ѽ⣬вٵļļµˣʮֻжʮֻĸһ쵰ʮʮһٶˡ

̿裬ҲˣеģɹѣЬӣ¹ܿࡣ
ӿһѶֱ̣һۣûʶֵôСеģġ

ӴһñӺͻϥ˲ֵͷȥˣ٣ҵģզ˼
׵˼ҪҪȴô˵ûܹ

ϴԲˣһž۸¡
Ӹŵͷǣˣһ·Ͽ˰ɣȥůͣɣп˶˯ů͡

û˯ĶУ˵һ·䣬ûʲôС˲޻һ·ϹţʵҲ䡣
ӼһزˣȻǼҲ
ЩѩҲûɶģ
ֻ͹ȥʤޡ

ӵ˵һЩ̿ԵùȥǱ˽һù磬˯һչ˹ӷˣصġ
˺˽ϴ¡

Ѿ˸һ룬ͷ˿ﻹˡ
źȣԸѿȣ̴ְϣ䲻ԣнͷˮأһݽţûɡҿ

ްѽҶĶᣬ·Ȼ䣬ûţǸһģǲࡣ
֮£кӣĽѽ

ѴϣֲһԵ㣬ﻹء

ЦЦ£һСʣԱ߻һľӣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ˵Ҳ⿴ҡ

⣺ҶһûˣΪʲôܿû¶
ѩأֻһǳϻȵģһ뵽ޱǧ꣬;ʲôֵˡ

޵ͷһ룬ʣµȫ
ȥϴϴȻѣһ˵ʱôô͹һ飬ýù

ȵģҲȵģûס˱˻ʲôˡ
޴ˣ̫ˣⱧĻůͣ⻳ȴЩӲģˡ

ֻץס𶯣ĶˣҿҴ£멣ֻһ
Ҳǿ֣ҲˣҲˡƵýˣ޲ܺúÿ⡣

ǷҲ䡣

һ˰զǲǲÿˡ
ԭһװҲãǲˣô졣

޵ǻզŵҲУĨ㶫ͿվͺˣһˣҪôÿʲô

⣺ÿҲǸ㿴ÿˣǷǮֲ׬Ǯ㣬㻹ϲʲô
 j
ϣʲôлϲʲô˵ҷ͸ͬʹ࣬һȴڼгĺģҲԲȥɻǵõ뿪ʱү˵㶪˹棬ҲãҷֻҪǮȾƣϽʲôҶϲ

˰ѱͷźȥ
һһҶܵΪҲǣ֣һˣӣָһ飬ȫǴϢ

Լ֪˶ãƿѸ첲ȫͷſڴ
˰죬ֻѹޱޣʱ𣿡

Ķֻģްƿ˯ɣһء
ȴʣֲ˼ȥֻŹ޵֣˯ˣȣҲܣֻǱӺ˯ԶӦǲģҲһѡ

붫û˱ڱţʲôѹͷ
ƫ᲻á

ޱ⣬ô֪ˣֻҲ˵óڣһ촽Ҳ֪ʱӶˣĶ˵Щ


գѵʱⲻڣȵģ̿̿ģů͡
·ѱӵã϶ѵĶ˰ڣųȥ
һȥ;ˡ

տһȻͬľɫԶãһƬȺɽҲѩɫߵӣطյߣδɵӣΧשͷľͷһ۾ͷ

ׯĹ߶ȮͣӦǹ

ôЦЦԱߣͷˮϴһԷ

޵ͷתȥˮţ¯ӣˮãһӣһ꣬һˣһǶŲͺ̿дˮףˮϴְˮ¯š

ȵģͷŷ޻ݰͷɨɾһߵԷ
ǴģʢĶӺ͹˲٣һ¾ܳԡ

һ緹ͳˡ
ζˮҪˣ˵ӵʱԣܾóԹˣڳԲ˾ˣۼҵĽӺóԡ

һŷӵ¶Ҳ࣬Ӵ¾ͻȥطˣȥ粻ˣǰͷסŵغܳһģһ˳ºģƽղ˵ȴߴգߣǲ񰲺ĵġ

Щֻ֪߲ףȻΪѣһӵܣܾﲻþ
Ǽҹӣȱ˲ġ˵ôһ䡣
׵˵ͷ

⻰ҪǻӴ˵Ҳֵʲôǹ޵ѾߣԹô˵ˣ֤⻰Ǽٵġ

ȹ޺ù緹ȥʰɾյĶһǴʮùء
Ҫæ޾ʰӣһͷĶ˵ЩĳԵĲ٣ɶĸһַ֡
ׯ˶࣬һ˽һѡ

ׯϵСҲû˵޺֣³Կ࣬û˱Ǹﵽж࣬Ĵߣ̣ǸǣɸʮﶼҲһ˼ҡ

ڸǣҲ٣á
޹Ǹׯ˼ɫʡ

ҲغܳˣȢ˴𲻳ǺЩʣôôһţһˡ
˶ŻˣЦţΪøȺ˸ɻ

ȵ磬ۿŹ޴ӭȻЦһͬݣ֣һˡ




38.  ʮ    ѧǶ

緹Եǽ, ʢٶӣʮ㹻Լ졣
齴չ, ůůζܺ, ߿ĺˣһ˳˶ʮ, ӳʮ

ӳ˸, ˣǹˡ

޿ۣȥ󣬻ء

Ĩ˰죬˹ˣٺ١

ϢôҲֵġ

ûҶ, Źӱء˭ܿ
ҲΣܴһ, ϺߵͻȻʢһ¶, ȫǹһ˴á

鶼, Ź
̯͹˼С, Ӹ˰Ϻϣ᲻µĶϱ, ȻԶ

Ӹ, ֳȴ䣬һȫȥڲ, ȫɶ٣ôߡ
ٵģҲ֪ڣǰѷ£Լģ͵͵ȥĳǰ̯⣬Ҳ֪

ͷйΡ

˵ż򵥣ȥΣÿմò˵ĶˣȻٳϵ£ȴҲпɽˡ޼ȻҰѷӸǣ׼ǲģ£ҲܳԿ
̰Ĳ󣬰ϱúøɣ͵ˣѷӸ߱ˡ

̫ˣʮˣƽƽЩС£Ǵûģ˼ҵĶǱ˵ģռˣͷڱ͵֣ɺͷͻ룬ЩǮкӶǴ͵ģܻҹģһǵĺҲ͵ͷˡ

ˣ翪ʼͱַ֣úøɣܶõӡ
ϱӲʶ֣ӿżˣͬʱҵļѼҲιţ˵ûոѡ

ռµ٣ʮֻĸҲʮֻµģʣµ̫СķźãֻŹǻ
Ĳ˵ϺͷүҹţÿͲˣˣߵͷ컹ЩңͷҲӦˡ

һ߾ʮ죬Ҳģ·ṫӿɺã
ⶼҪˡ

ڷϣҪ˵ˣҲ׼ˣæ͹ȥܹйңݲ߶
˱ϳ˺޲ñЫ

ޣεδдŸ߼ֻͰ˵ӦҲ˵
һɾڲ˵ʱҪȵʥʹ͵ʱǲŹҫ鹣ȻҲӢ鹣ҵ鹡

ιѼǮˣԼһǧӣйжٶﻹоŰҲ֪˶١
ûöǮҼһزˣŰ

Լʮʣµȫˣ޼ˣǷʣǧ߰ǰһǧİʮӣʣµ󻹣߲ãò˶þܻꡣ

ӷϻӣҲǰ⵱ˣֻǸξΣֵܻأ⻹ǰǷӣȻԼ

ǰ꣬Ǯˣһǧʮӡ
˿ԼʹѾǮϣҲѹһʯͷ

Թ緹ȥ˲ӣǴŴڸתתѩѩׯӵĹ˵࣬ɽӣ䣬ʱʮﶼ˼ҡ
ԥݳھ͸𴦵СسһʲôˣԥݳҲǺų΢Щ·

˵ţµ˲һ˾յһŻ𣬰ҹˡ

ʱϣ֪ʢṫӸ絽ܲܰԥݱãǳԿĽʿϺӡ
ǵĽʿɽϣĿࡣ

ԭⶼ׼ˣعˣҲż뿪Źޣ»Ըʵһ˵ġ
ԥݳصķ˲ߣ߶ǲˡ

ҡҡͷҾͿ
ʢԶɫزͬҪ뱲ӡ

ȥӣĢ㹽ƽһЩѾˣͷڴ
޵ЩĢɸɰɣܷžһ㣬ңҪˣҲ㡣

û뵽Ϊ߲˾ͲóԲ˸ˣʵ˸ɺĢɸܽʡɱڸ䲻ʵģҲʱ

ĢܹĶأ࣬ĴĢܳԣҲͶʮ
Ģѹû˺ˣǱ߶ˣ½û˵гԵþͲˣĶء

Ҳ¿ůͣ¯ӣյĻȣúĢ

ĢɡССĢɣĢװһС
ֵĢ࣬ʵĢ˺óԣĢнڸе⣬ζ㡣
ֲֵֻ࣬Ҳˣ½ҲûҪҪҲ˲Щ

֪ǳԲ⣬˵ӪӼ࣬æС¶Ϊ⡣
Ģɹװ͹ȥһЩҲˣĢɽټӵⶡҲܵԡ

Ǿ͹ˡ

ûȥףݿû⣬ҶɱеĻԽԽã»
ףԥ棬ԥݸԣҲ࣬ķˣԭԼԣɼ⣬̲ס⻻ӡ

һʮһģʮģ˰죬һ⡣
Ҳͻ˶Ǯӡ

Ϊǹģ⣬ȫǳԣ
ǲ⣬Ҳ̫ˡ

޵ǣ㶫ׯӹ˺ʿԣǰյһ⡣

˾ɶ

޵⽴㹽㳢
ɶԣ˵˺ͽʿû˵ɶͷˡ

򵥳Թ֮ȥæˣǰʰˣСУֱժһժϴɾ֮гϸ˿ֽſ죬عʣµ㹽Ҳг˶

ⶡ裬㹽жʮ裬ӺľͰǳׯӹҪģ޻ҪʮչӣĻȥ
ﵹСͣȻըⶡɫըɺĢĢζӳƮ

ûЩֻ֪齴ʱ˲ٵϣѴĵʲôȥ㣬ּ˻ƶСѸ֮һɫơ
Ҳ㡣

޳һڣͦóԵģҲͳģĶܲóԡ
һװչޣϽһζƮԶԴκġ

һϳ˰˹ʣµٳô˵ӪҲʮ˷֣ҪǶΣҲ͹ˡ
޸˵棬ͰԣҲܳһ롣

棬жȺϴɽѣһѹޱޣ߻ĵض࣬ҴֲˣٿܲҪʢҪˡ

һֱ¶㲻ȥˣֻù޺ܿ࣬в̡
޵Ҿͦã˾֮ߣҲ˴֮Զ˶鿼ȡ࣬ҲֵشǸֵصûʲôã㿴йְҲٺ»ƷԱᾸƷҾ֪ˡ

ЦЦƷ֪ˣԺƷһƷô죬ҪֵֵúãҪҹš

޴һ£ɶ¶㹩š
ܴɶ룬̲סôһ죬ǿɺˡ

ׯӵƻϨˣʢʱ򣬱̻ڶ




39.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ʢѾֺü, 絽
̩񰲣հҵʢԹסĵط, ǰ¹ѩ, ɫá

Ϲ˸ʽĵд, , ӵƣɫмѩУһζ
괩£֣

ƽԺϴСӴԺȥ, ҹɫͷ̻, СԺȴǰĸʲôû˵ǰ, Ÿ, ̾˿, ҡͷˡ

ȥˣջеæ, , Ҳ֪

Ӣ¶ǴӲõĲ䴩žòþ, ͻȥľ£Ӣ˾䣬ŮŻźãףƷⲻȵľǲġ

ͬӢ˵ڲ򲼵£ﻰ˼ﲻ£ôԼһôûٸǶöֻˣĶǳˡ

λεҩϵӢȥˣҲ治ʶ壬㶫ƽϣ׬ǮǲҲǼΪҪƽϣ뿪֮Ҳˡ

⣬ӢûյߣԺ޹أֻûйӡ
ᾸΪӺ󣬸ӽСģһӵķȣˣûʲôõĵġ

˼ˣӢТ˳
ۿţǸɫƣ˵Т˳ҪТ˳Т׵ĶԺӿдȰ֮ġ

ֳһ˹Ԯò׵˹ְɲȺ˸ˣһֱֳִʲô⡣

֪ôһԩʲôˣʲôˣӣǸʲôüƽϵġ
ϵϡǵƺȣɱ㸸ˡ

Ӣ¡

ЦЦүʮ궼һһӰȥˣǸҲаδ棬ϻ˵úãĶиҹҪ˵ӺϱлԶٷһ˽⿪Ľᡣ

Ӣһ㣬ӣҪ֣ԸҲǿ󡣡

һЦᣬӳɼˣˣȥһ˿ɺã

ذһˣֳǲģĸ׻ʡİɡ

һһ˫Ӣһ⡭
Ӣɫ࣬ŭʲôԺȥ棬ɻǵʲôȻֲ˺ˣ׬ȫȥˣ㿴飡

˵ЩӢԽ˵ԽһӣòգĶ棬ǻǲӢ鹣Ǹҳ̸֣Ҵȥ

ϱ뿴ǵӣٸЩǮԵĸȰҲһӲͷǹүţǾû취ˡ

վͻȻһɿ⣬Ǹֳ֪ܻأϸûֱֺ顣
֪ɩǰ˺ö¡

ְֳ֮¿ù֪˵£Ǵӱ˿Ӣ»㣬Ի˵ãͬȷʵûٻع˼ôô룬ҲȻ⡣֪ϽڣҲᣬȴǿԺúһ

Ӣ֪ˣȻŽȥ˵ֻ֮ţ׸ǻصƷԱ˭С㣿˵ˣֻһͬ˵óûЩôǡ

ɩ˵ãɩӵ˼ֳ˼
Ϊβã
ϲֳɩɩȽ𣬲ֳӵĵΪֳڣƤ֣ƫ⡣

ףǰͷһԲᾸӷˣĹԶ۹۱Ǳǹ۶Ҳ˵ȥ˸ǰ
洹ü׼ȲֳαһҺžӸ˿ôֳϳȥˣҪڣҪԴԹжصı̤ʯ

ᾸͷһԲһˣʲôˣֺʲôûá
ɫεһףʶȥĸףӢͫ΢Ǳ˴£촽ڷ

ס񣬡ô˵ֳӣΪ޲޵£²λڱϳҲ棬Լҹ㸸װ֮ģ㿴ûУԺ˴ɨ㸸һֱ

ŶֳһԺӾ֮𣬱ϳĹӻ꣬ϵѾСôãб𣬸⣬ɹ¹ȥһûУˮҡͷҺֳܻأԶȻջ֪İۡ

Ӣŭϣ뷴ȴ֪Ӻ˵ţǾܻأԶӢ˵ģüһûӣᾸɫԳָֺܿӣ²ؼͷû̧

ֳɩӲʢͰ͵׼񣬸ȴһ㶼⣬ˣŮ岻ʣиˡ

Ӣվߣ˵ֳܻʵءǼ٣

渣˸⻰Ȼģţȥʰ˳ºҲλһͬȥΪֳٵϢˣû뵽ȴǻɣŮˡ

ӢȻϣһɫ۵Ļңˣôܣ
ǸɵӣֻȾƶǮôĹ٣Ȼܵ٣ֱЦ

Ӣ⵱ʲô٣ѾˣͷᾸ֪ʲô
ӢֻǸƷԱʱϣ鷿ǰ;֪Ᾰ֪

ӢʵᾸ֪֮£

Ᾰ̧ͷӲ֪ԼĴ㣬׿ԣʰ

ɫҲʣǴʮӢһ˼Ⱦ뿪ϵ۾죬ոջڸϥ˵̳þƹһת۸׾ͷȥ껹ܹ

⣬ʶӣ⵱˹٣

ᾸӲ֪˵ǾͲˣĸסģΪ٣Ҳǹˣҡ

ˮգ㸸׺ڣҲûأӣԺܵÿһɡ

΢΢ģ˵⣬Ȼ뿪ˣΪλҪǣѸϽ췭Ҷпɽˣ㿴ӣ
ϲԸڶӶϱǰ¶ӣ÷ȥҲȥɣȥ㸸ס

Ᾰ뿪һ·û˵Ժӣݻ¿Ᾰʣˣгһǰ㣬û֮λԸһ𣿡

ľ˵Ҳģôһ죬ͬˡ

ᾸȴԸܿࡣ
Ҳ֪⻰˼ǲʧ֮λǵһ顣

һӢ꣬ˡ
ѾС˽ۣ˵볯ΪˣȹүĹְ
˵ܻأ뵽һ죬Ըںʲô֮λ

ʮϳ˺üˣסӢһͳˣȥ˰ǡӢЦүүˡ

Ӣĥһ£ʵҲΪˡ
ǿɲǣȮӸȥûϢⶼˣҺүЦЦӢļǰ;үзүͬȥ

ӢδӢͰҲûЩñģĹеѯʴ㣬ʲôûУ뿪֪Ҳ֪˿ɺãⲻڣء
ʲô֪

Ӣɫ԰Ҳ£һ

ʣļأ˭֪ӢˣҲ뵢飬ӲڣﻹбĶӣ꣬ÿЩȥ

Ӣȥ˹޵ׯӣ֪ҲˣǰȥС
ӢԴһѩеظоԼĻ⡣




40.  ʮ    ѧǶ

Ӣȥ, ȥĶˣʹȥĶˣôСׯ, һ¸ǵԺ, Ժǽļߣʲô, ֪סĶ
ʲô֪

Ӣʧǵػص, ϻԲ
һƬɫıмⶼµģĵĴ֣Ӣ̾˿żͿ˹¡

ϲü, үˣǶڵȥ÷
˷, Ӣȴö˵ͷһ, ŵ

ϵԸϲ, ȻӢ⿪, үȥĶˣô˸, ĵúܡ

Ӣһ, ߣɡ

ûôأҲվź, һͬԷſӢ鲻ã˭ûֱꡣ

ûʲôθڣֳʢ϶ȥɩӹ꣬Ⱥ˳Էθڡֻȹһ˵ˣͻԺӣ˵ӲʣòŸһ˶ѿࡣ

ϵԷɣȾүһףүٰ
ӢƱһˣᾸ־ƣһȦӢ߱
ȰӢϯ֪

˰ƿӢ̧ͷ۵ˣ
ϵţˣүȶˣǳľϯɡ

֪ӢΪʲôᾸᾸһĮ޶ԣҧҧۿȥˡ
ֻʣӢϣӢһһһƿƼףƿӵֻΡ

ơأӢ۾ǣȥþơ
´ڵүȶˣطЪŰɣǳϦ֪ﲻܣӣˣҲ޲

˵ǣⶼϳȥˣٶҲ⣬£ôΪᾸ㣬ᾸӣԺˣȫÿġ

ʧȥһӣҪʧȥһ
ִ治Ļϲ˵ֻ˵ûиҹſģӻĿĵģͬú˵˵ǰӣٰӻظС
ڵѪҲӢ˵ҡҡѾ˯ˡ

ڵһվˣѹүȥ׼Ѿүٸҡ
ӢȥĶԶĺң᲻ᱨǣĶӣ֮λ
뵽Ᾰĸˣüģ˵⣬ΪûȾƶǮΪγϢˣ鶼ˣôܵأϻ衭ͷ

ʮ֪ʲôٵġ
ʮϸտʼգݱʿϷأ˵ʮ
ݱδἰ֣Ǽνʥּ͵Ӣ

ӵּ
˵˸ˣֻ͵С˽ּɡ

ˣһ˽ּӣֳһʥּת

񲿵ԣҲȻֻּˣʵگԻʿũ˾˾սйͿ๦ߣ꣬鱦һ䣬ʮƥմˣ

мνܳҲУֻʹûĶࡣ
꣬һĶأжʮׯӣȫ⣬ǲ֪к⣬ǹ⿴ţݽ̫ˣǸӡ

Ϣ𾪵˵սйͿ๦ߣѲսˣһ粻ֲܿĹӣôͿ๦ˡ
˵˳ºҲܵ˻ʵ۽ͣһɻڴָտɴ

Ӣûʿũ˾֮˶û͢۷׷ף۵⣬˵ʲôĶС
ɣ֪Ϊ˻ʵ۵ۣӢú˰ɣᾸӵĿɻУס

Ҳǿྡ

¸ⱨϲʤˣȻŴӮ˺ûϵۣԴ˲ˣʳˣʿҲˣоˡ

½˵ȻȥĽݱûἰ⣬ǻ϶н͡
۾תһ£ʲôͣĶȥʢûˡ

½͵ģȻȥ㸮ϣҵ㸮ûˣǰ˳͵Ƕ

룬ɱӢռˣҲҡ

½ʹͶǽ鱦ģЩͬ
Ͽ϶ﾡãҲûа취İ취

˵ͷҿ϶úøɣýʿԱ
Ŵ֣Ѳȫװϳ̫䣬ֳĲ˲ʢֳĺãɫƣʡ·ϵʱ䣬ܵ˵ֵˣֵ̫ˡ

½̫ѹȱʲôֱ˵ˣҲ࣬ܰ쵽һ쵽
װˣһչޣ½촽ˣöҪĢǸ٣ʿǾͿӵζء

һһǮһ޽ʮǮ½ļۣǴӱòġ

ã½޲ȫ
ֻ̣ٶֻСУһ·϶ɪɪҲ֪ܻã½̫ѹЩˮУԺ

½뿪ݸһǧӣ½ΣǮܻˣʱһһСǮء

޿ƱʵˣȻ֪ѲˣԶֹЩǮǮ׬̤ʵů͡
Ƭѩǵأů

⣺½˵ҪһӶʮģ֪Ǻõģ˵ҪĢôĢɹɸɣҲһһǮ
˵ŵⶼֹʮǮĢȫɸɶˣҲһǮһ

޵ҲͼЩǮԼׯֵĻˣǮ׬ͳɡ
ʿԵĺ͸˳Եģһ

һˣҶӣԺůˣҲôַĵأʳ
ʳͲ˲ͬ˳ڶ̣һĲûʳôߵľֲķյø죬ʳһ־ǰ࣬գҪɹӳ죬۳

ҪľĶָĵأոʳ
Σȴû½˵ھͦãʿǳԲ

ǵǰЩຮ֮أפ߾ԿȵĶѣ񣬸ѡ
ͬ½˵ˣǵЩ˾ͻȥߵ½غܳ

ʣǶ˶£

˵ͷʿũ˾ֻˣĲ࣬ضֲ࣬˲Ӱ죬Ȳ˶ˣʢϣ棬ӯ⣬Ҳá
ʱҾ˾Ļ̡

һȥ½СͼС
¿ȥף⣬ûȥ˲

ͷֻٳˣܻһ½ˡ

ڳ˼ֲ˵ӣСз˽ȥûУӵ¸ǣûǺ֮ǰҲסڲ
Сë޵ģСɫǷɫģβ;ţҲɰһ·Ķɵſڽ

½Щףɲ
һůͣʱ㣬ˮҪɾúˮ鷳Щ󡣡ǶŹ˵ģ˵һ˯ĵطˣҲˮǻ̫СˣˮӣĺһЩԵĻιҶӣȥ»СףĥƤԽԽá

ӣõ̿ʣֻҪ˵
ܳҲˣҲû뵽ʮ飬ͷȻֵˣҲûпϵ˼ֻǸʵࡣ

ֲ˾Ͳ˵ˣˮˮʩʣʱɹ̫̿ĸӵ˲˾ˡ
ųģƽԲϼ⣬øô

Ǹɵĸ࣬ؾû˵ˣⶼܸɵ£ΪβС
ҧ

Ϊⲻ˽ԭжһⲻ֪ȡԼλã˵ȥ֤⻹бı£ʿũ˾һٸҲıơ

̻ǣΪ뿪




41.  ʮһ ؾ   ѧǶ

벻Ե, أǲͬˣȻ, Ǿͺúѧ, ȡһȥ
Ŀ, ˵ʵǹˡ

صͷԼ, ǰһ˫ָֽ޳ڱ紵䣬˿ӣؽڴΪܶúףǻȥ˹Ʋʶˡ
ܳ, ļҵĹӸ㣬ǳ, Ҳ룬ҪҪ޶ӹ
չˣùһ㡣

ȵԷ, ȥǰͷʢ, ǳԵľǴ, ֻô, ׷, ͷǼ⣬ÿ˷һ׽ǰķ̫ˡ

ܺ, һʼСĿȫ͹ȥܳҲɲûôĶ˼ռˡ
ˣָֻʲôʱԺõģմմ⣬ؾͳԹӣӣζǾˡ

ҷζһζ˷ոһգֻ˴ɨȦȦĻ

ȦͲƣȷľӣȻľļһӷֻӵķ϶ֻͷǰͷǷʳˮİۣÿռʳ۶ôɨ

Ȧ·ֲģҲשͷС䣬һסֻʳˮۣÿհʱɨöͨԷ

ȵˮҪģʳˣСףһЩĭʳˣҶй˳ʣķˮű˳ԵĻá

ֹܳ鷳ׯҲ鷳һ٣ô䣬̿Ҳûιι͵ˣ˭ҼҶɢڵԹ˳ӲѣĶõŷιҪɨֲ˳Է뻹ÿˢһء

ׯӴСɧҲҵ˵Υֻ˽ۡ
ַӣʮ죬ֻ˶ʮ̶ֻͷĺúõġ

ÿů͵ʱȥһޣɹ̫ãλׯڰʽҲҿͬһֻгԵĺã˯úãסˣܳúá
⻰էһͦеģϸ֮¸е˲𣬳Ժ˯òܳÿ죬ٿߵͼںƮѩлܳԳ˯˯ÿնǰһһЩӼ˵ġ

⣺֮⣬Ҫɹ̫ůˣȷԷɽȥڲУҪôģȾ֢
ĵ£һ۰ˡ

ķӣͷʮ죬û½һׯӸӣׯٶˣȻǲˡ

Ͳˣׯ°ûʢ½֪һ͹޾ʰ׼̡
ᳵУ·ҪĳʳĶȫׯӣԺ⻹òŰ̸Ǵȥ

ķӹ޸дֽϣ˵ֲֳӣҲдͷҪע̫࣬дʮҳֽôѡ֣磬ֲˣʱˮƷʣʲôĲ˲֣дһ

дõĲ⿴һ飬˼䣬ŽܳˣһݣǿԳſ
طҳͷּԾȴִ˼־㣬ּһ鶼Ķôһֺ֣дµġ

⿴֪ʲôҷдģûôõ֣ߣúÿвĵطʡ

Щûоֲþôҿ˲ֻһֳһݣٻˣõ˿ȥ

⵹ʱŮӵּнⲻ޲⣬Ϊд˺üϣǵû

һǿ㳭ҡ

غܳ˵ͷ飬дһֺ֣ûһϾͳˣһжȥ飬дϸûʲôҪʵģ·Сġ

ˣǸеţͷ˴ȥ
һдһţȥˣ֪ܻܲء

պãԸ´ʱԥܱںá
Ǳɽѩƣʮﶼһ˼ң֮ؾˣܳʱ䶼иı䡣

ܳص˵ͷ˵ǡ

ްʰã··ϳԵĶûĲӡ
ʰˣҲϳˡ

ǻǸߣ͵Ĳ·һ·ԥݵĲˣһ·ʢĲˣñ߹ؽʿʱڲȱ˳ԡ

ǷӣѾһˡ
һ乫ѾǮȫˡ

С͹˵ϸۼʹͣûˣ͵ӢȥӦǰš
ôһ˭֪볯Ϊˡ

޵˵ͷģ
ؾ֮϶Ӣͬûվ뿪ӢͷӣˣӢûκιϵ

Ӣ֮λᾸӣֻʣʧְᾸߣӢǺˡ
޿͵Ѱ߶滹ڹֵ̫ѿ˵Ӣû׼Ծɿأⶼû׼¶

ϻأҲû˵Ͼף뷨ӰѸõû

һɻ󣬡ʲôôģ

޶˶٣˵Щڼͷи⣬ף㶪ˣҹ뿪ػȥҲ֪ٵ¡

ԭʵТΪȣԺڣЩպˣľƴǡ

ôģ죬Եģͱˣףѩ̿ѣӢϻӣҲѡ
Ͼ뿪ɥ֮ȮһҲ֮λᾸ
öһ͹ˡ

޵˵ͷ˵ǣϻǶӵĶ

뿪գҾûȥЩҲΪ׿һۡ
仰˵ԭӿ»ѡ

ô㣬ͰĴϣس̵ĳһЩԽ߾ܷѩȫˣ·Ҳܿ˴⣬ʱðĲݣʱڷҡҷİ׻

Ѯ͹ڻصУϢˣ˵˽ְ
ֻ˹дĲӡ

֪˵ʲôʱָʹͣһӱʯƥʢһСլԺɲɣͺӢ֣Ӿ͵ˡ

˵ĶۼҳԿʹǶ͵ģٹȥá

紺Ծ٣ҵܺã˵ϺĶӣԼû֪ҵ⡣
⾿εûأǸա

Ҳֱ֪ȥּ֮⣬ӵȥʿũ˾ӦîʢȨǲ֪ˡ
һ㣬ʮ̸꣬ٲ˳޾Ϊ

ӢɫȻǰ˵ʲô˽ܻۣƷʵ۸ǰĺˣһݵʿũ˾ӽ
Ӣô˵ѶӸϳȥ͸ϳȥˡ

˷ֱǲӢϳȥģԼҹ
Ҫ𣬽СׯӣᾸ

Ᾰᣬ˺ԺӣûʲôЩˡ
ӢôôĿ鰡

ĶӲţǺͿ

Щ⴫ﲻЦôϢĶӲǶӣϢľͲǡ




42.  ʮ һ   ѧǶ

Ӣ, Ҳò׼̬ȣ˶š
̲סӢǱô, ĵӢ˵ԭİ, ǰôھô

Ӣ鷿ľ, üͷ, Ӵʮ֪ٵ¶ʮѾȥ˽£Ӣ˸˰㣬ˣ£ʮꡣ

۾飬ȴûȥ, ջͽ, գǰĶֿܹࡣϦգȥ, ɿ, źΪ߶ҵʱľһ, ܵúܣᾸΪʱҲŸϷ屸, Ĺ·һЩ, Ᾰʮ꣬˽յĺù⾰Ƕ, ʲôûʲôû

ȥôĹ٣ʲôʲô˵Ϊ԰ʮţᾸʮŵʱڶ飬ΪβٵȵȣΪηҪͷ

´󾪣үǺˣˣڰϳȥûᾸӣֻû˵
ϣַϣҲᾸģס

һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôãһӵˣһӣʲôˣΪϢˣˣ

ϻӸӢүǲģ᲻ãȥӣн٣Ըͷ˿࣬ǺޡͶӣүûǾΪӾͺˣתĻᡭ

Ϲڵϣ棬үҲܰӲЩֻ֪飬ûн٣Ҫ֮λúˣΪˣᾸԶТ˳

һװ󷽰ʲôôռȥˣȴ޹
δʱȾƶǮĶϵļױӢȰ˵ӻû󣬵Ժͺˣ˳޵ĺüĸ

زˡ

ӢŤͷɣкڣȴǶģû⣬֪ʲô˼⿪Ҫ֮λӢġ
Ᾰô졣
Ӣ֪˵ûֹһӣĲᾸ

ɸ֮λǻܸʲô

Ӣؿ⣬ݳݺɶ죬һƬ֮ףΪκúõĸֳ
Ӣʼ㸮вҵׯӣأ

ҪʲôӢշּңֵòƽҲ˵ˣǰǮȾƣõϵļױ뿪ʲôûá

һ˵ʲôȴ޼¡

ӢּҾͰɷ֡
ӣȥŮļױʣµӦᾸռɣռɣԶɡ

Ӣвҵּ֮¡
룬ĶĶƽ

ŴԸ⣬ԭԶɣᾸ˳ɣºˣɡ

ϿӢдģĶǺõׯӣȪģˮģɣʵǶ԰ֵġ
Ը⡣

Ӣûʲôæλ˾һЩȹöⵥӸ

ֻܰȥ֪ˡ

Ᾰ⼸ҲãĵӣֻЩķ
˵Ϊǣ˵ⲻ֪νɥ־Ҳǡ
ûȫ˵ˡ

ϺΪ˼зֲһ£ԭĶָһ룬ᾸֻʣǸ׵˼

ϣү뷽跨ֲҪںãѹ˶С
Ᾰͷʾˣ۽ᣬ˵ǿô찡᲻ᱨǣ϶Ǽǳġǿô찡

Ᾰɫ࣬Ҫ֪ôͺˣҲУ;ˣҲƷԱʲô¶ûС
ںԺֻܰҪ٣ֻܵʮ꣬ʮ
ЩͬŶôģʲôûȴ۹⿴

ϵ֪ˣͲⶨƽĹˣ˵ΪȢ˹ޣ㣬֪Ȣһͺˡ

Ᾰķңûɼǰʲôǣ˼Һʲôˣĸ˵Щʲôã粻֪ʲô𡣡
ã壬ʲôᣬòãʢбÿĹͲڼ

뵽֮ǰ˵ЩһСڷϡ
ȫֹޡ

ʱҲ˵֮ʲôˣȢ޵ò۾Ȣңɶûˡ

ЩԷ˵һЩϹͺ⼸½̯ҲʸݵԵʡ
ҷˣһ˵õȮ죬ԼҾȮͺãó۸ֵ͡

Ҳ࣬ԼҼҾһЩɽľҰĢֻҰ
˵Ǹ޲ӡ
һʮȥӵġ

ϼ˵ҲǿྡˣٷˣԺҪסԾסׯǽǸš

޻ûԺ˵ǽԺɶˡ
͵ԺӻûӢģסĶ˵ɡ

ЦЦǿྡˣ֪˹ҹׯӣͼסһ¡ʱĺܣҪңû̿Ҳ˼մ⡣

޵˵ͷ˶㣬ûô¶ˡ

Цӣߺ̫Ҳˣ̫⼸ϢӺϵһ䣬˷ֿߵģһٰʮӣ˵˻²ٶ뿪

ްӼϣǷֻʣǧİ
Ҳôױܻˣǧӡ
⻹ģӵ󣬼һ

Ӿ̤ʵԿլԺðҲˡ

ϣ˼ǰ¼ңǾס
룬Ժ׺һǵģլٴҲֻլӣǼֲ࣬ׯԶɶ㣬Ӷ˾ͲУûţ֪סĸˡ

´ȻһûΣ⻰ֻ͵͵˵
ڿ̹̹ţһ㶼ۣ᲻ۣ֪ҲŲ˵ֻ˵û뵽ôһ죬ס

޵Ҳû
ֻĴ㣬ֻҪӱĺһ㣬֪ˡеլӣϻǮ͢ȻıˣΪ£ңҲֵġ

ʢլӿ϶ס̹֣ȥ⴦ϼңǸԺӾססĹ

Ҳûȥʹͣȥլӿ˿Ȳù󣬵ʤʤСɾ¡

սլӵӽģͷˮ¥һСӣռĶмиͤ
ԺӲܹ࣬Բεǰţˮ鿣͵˺Ժ

ǺשҲܸɾСסźǺʡ
ɣȻģǹ˾ůˣׯǱ߳ؼҿԺլԺ϶ܹ࣬סһ

ЦЦ˵ֱ˵ԺӺòˣ˴ɨɨõݸӣͲúˣһ֡

кãԻźûǺûᡣ
ƽûԶȻҲû߽޲ռıˡ

˵Ĳ̿ˣմ⡣
ӢˣƽˣƴĶҡ




43.  ʮ    ѧǶ

˵ûԹǼٵġ
ദʮļ, һɸͲ, ֻйЩľ֧, ܰһѣԱںߵĶ, 

û, Թȴ֣ҲޣΪȣӢûзֱŮãǻͲܣɱϾʮ, Ժ͵Ѱ߶
Ȳһѩ̿ѵÿɹ

ĸ, ֪֪޵Ӳû˵ʲô, Ҳ˵ʶ˲塣
ȥ, Ȼȥ, ˷ɫºͣĽǸи, պɶ߶, 㸸

ȵĽ˼ɣĽȻТ˳ȴɵ, ŮţĽ㲻

˷̾˿ҺŮȥΣǱ㳣ȥаɸȥ˽ˣһˣʲô¶̫ȻʧģҲʧ˱֣ĸĹĸĻ

üΪξͲʵΪĽأΪྡˣΪηҪŰ棬ԺҲ
ֻҺˣܺá

ƽԼۣù±͵ׯȥһû˵
Ҳ̫ѿӢһȹްңٱˣȻδޣͬ޹ϵã߶

Щ޶ˣԺǰһɻعȥռǱˡ
¼ҵôɨӰȥʱͶ

ɩӣϵʹͣ꣬鱦УҶˡˣֳԼѶ˹

û뵽ôׯӣϸйϣûׯôֵأϸׯΪ˸ֵأպʳҲȵͼ͢
ʹõҲİ

ׯӵĵׯһˣʥּװϻʰĺܺãԼûҲδ˿

Ƕ䡣

޿ϲãЦЦ㣬Ȼ治֪ôźã࣬Լ⣬鱦ͳһߡ

治ҪǸֳɩӵģҪʲô

ޣһãҲ㵱ӵģžţǰûиԺеġ

һᣬۿһ¾ͺˣǰҲίģ֪Ѵ

ͷĺãǶţڹв֮סļҡǴ¼ȥס
˵ͷҲǿྡڹڣû˸СʹǰһȣϺ͵ϡ

ҿ϶ģɩӱҷͺˣ˵˼£ױ࣬ûӵ˼ᾸÿհʱӦîʲôǷûйܼңϹš
ԽҰġ

޵ӢûʲôϵҲϻȥ͵Ѱ߶Լģɸûϵ

̾һ¸׻ء
ӶҪɱͷһס

޺ⶨʮң紺֦Ѿѿˣϸϸ۵֦Ժǽ´˴͹ӣʣµξլľ

ȰȥʣµСʮٰᡣ
ʮׯӣÿ쿴ϾʹˣǺá

޵ð죬ȰׯӵĹ½ЩʲôжĶÿĶΣиȻȥׯӡ

ôﶨȻģֻ֮͢಻١޵Ҫ裬ΪΪΣһׯڣĶҲٶ꾰ãٽﶼûС

ͷ͢ĶٽһһǮһ׬ǧӡ
Ҳˣ׬Ǯǣǳ͢ģ͢¾ͲҪָϵһ׬Ǯˡ

һأÿׯˣܸϣǺʱҪִǾͿˡ
ֹֻˣûֹأա

ȫӣλף絽ֻڱЪϢƬ̣ȻŸɡ
ֵĻиţأֽˮ¢

ֿͬӸ߶ȣԼ֮϶Ҳвͬ
ЩݶǰЩֵأصĹߣӣ׵Ķһ

򵥵ģӵļ϶Ūҡֵģмľ˹̶סȻǼȵÿõĻݵǰƶľ˴תȻһӡ

ǰͷںһͷľ͸ϣƶľˣҲںˡ
ֻͬҪıӵĴСһľϲӵͳɣֿӵ˵Ǳһһڿ졣

ҪֲһһӵӣֱһľһŲӣŪţ༸ƾˡ
ˮÿׯӶһׯӵȲ𣬿Զ߲˲ݮׯҲǣްԲݮġ

ҹͼֽͷǶģǣȥӴһСˮÿƲסطã߻ɾ

ͷŻͦã¢ҲͦģǲΪβͬӻòһĲӡ

޷Ͳͬ˵ͬҺͷҲûʣ˵ôΪ˴µ׼

һߣһׯֱӵģֻģ׵ġ
ǮȼֵĻٰ֣ϣ΢ȲȣֵؾͿˡ

ͷׯҲʹɣһֿӣǰ¹ˡ

³ڣϾˣõ졣

ǰ죬µݮ磬ݮҪ֣ܳԻǮ
ׯҪʣôӳڵľңũҷʣô¶ء
޾ڼ˱ױУׯӣжʮׯӡ
ȻΪ˱߹ؽʿҲõ˵أһĶضʮأЩؾֵʮӣȻܳԲܺȲҵļҲ

Ҳ٣ƥƽƥһƥ͸ȣһƥƽʣµ£һȹ

¸һɫ°ɫɫǳǳǳÿ

ʣ°ƥá
鱦Ҳ٣һСӣмӵıʯСС飬һʯܴΡ

ĸŮӲϲƯΣ˵ϲĶǼٻ
Ҳܳó

ްѶպãȰˣЩҪߵģԺʹͣһ顣

³࣬Զɽ죬ƣ˿ͱͻ
һգҹͣˣû̫ׯҾʹϲñµظɻˡ

ģأ¢ˮ֣ʩʣ¢ôһ׹زֺã͵

ׯӳ˲ʮĶأվˣ졣
еٵԵʣҲߵԵɡ

ׯˡ
أʮ죬ʮ֮ǰȫˡ
ʲôأʲôȫ˼ڵׯӣȫţ¢أڻûꡣ

ҵĵأǸֵ͢ģϲⲻֻûϵôˡ
мֱ£ſɻ˳֣ʰ

ӵܣеСë

ϣʿũ˾˻̫ˣкϽģ⡣




44.  ʮ  Ҫ   ѧǶ

ʿũ˾, ģˣȫ, ˵ôʹ, ʵҲ̡
ǻʵۣİռ, ʵ۵ĶϣԼʷ, ܰհȻҪðչϺӡ

ǽȼü֮
϶ǰ̫˵ԵȫʱǨһ񡣡
һʵĶǵóӰС£޷ǿذˡ

һЦϣ, Ҫ֮
ЩԥŰչϺ, ҲףⶫҪóȥò, һҼĶص, Ӷ, չˡ

ֻЩׯӵģضĲõ, ũ߸, ôǱȺˡ
òʧ
ңҲ֪ũߵ׻ʲôЧ, ²

۵ϾЪЪ¶Ǹбµģɱˡ
ͲòᵽһˣǶӢ˵Ĳ²⡭

˵Ȣ˹ãĸôĸȢϱôĿġ
˾Ͳ£Ͱˣպ󲻻кӣⲻȥǮȾƣԺûкӣҲܵļ̳ˡ

Ыˣ

ⶼôˣʮ£һϢûУȥˡ

ĵϿǿ⣬뿪ؼ÷˱
һݣһǳܿ޵ġ

ʮ죬壬ոǸʵĺׯӰᵽ¼ҡ

ǵһΰˣƽغܣ޽գ£ҹȥׯӣȴû
ȥﺦ¶һЩլӣǻ˸طסм˵ĵطǼҡ

дḮ֣ǰֻʯ̵ʯʨӡ
Ŷұž֮һ˽

޺סԺסԺƫҲΪ˷չˣһסǰԺӣñܻЩһסһɴӣ˸ء

ǵˡ

ԺԶţҵ˶ûС

ĸʹӣǰԺԺĴǶɨԺӡ򼸸СѾߣЩ˲赹ˮĻпһԺģ˵úúѡѡ

޵˵ׯˣһ¡

һΪλദ˲֪
º񵥼ǵ͵ҲսְⷿѸĹºúͻȥ

ůֻ׽˳ԣ棬ȣгܿԹ˵˻ĺɫ˲ȥ
޺˼ƣɫ죬૵˵ڸܺãҪȥ˽Ӷˣĸӿҵġ

˱ϣӸ־ֲΣ޺˯˹ȥµʱһ˫üչմǳЦܺÿ
ôһӯίˡ

겻ʮ꣬Ǹʱڶ飬ôο϶á
ʲôãƫƫѡôŵķ

Ź޵֣ߣûüԣǺҹˡ

˯Ժģ̨ȼһ룬оҡΡ
ߣҲۼˣ߬˯ţްѱ￿¼Ҷȹ˵һϡ

գ޲ſʼ񵥡
Ӣһݺľϻװׯӵĵмӵķڹܹ֪ӢĲҵ

ûЩһߣŵϻ㡣

Ӣͻŵصһ죬ʮգ°ϻ˻ӢԼϻӣ֪˵

µҼҴ˵ֻǰҶѣֲǵһΣرô£Сľˡ

Ӣ˵Щʲô°Ѷûȥѵף˻ģⲻҪⲻϡ˵ǵһΰңǺޱϳ£Żô˵

ӢԺ͵ֱҲû۾ȻֱϣͻȻᵽʲô߲
ӲԸҲ˵ù¸ԭ⣬ЩϡԺɡ

Ӣһжʮ꣬豭ЦЩ˭ء
ᾸδûҪӢ˵ҪЩҵױ

ϵү֪ͨ
ӢȻҲҵ˼øģ⡭ãԺˣױһЩڷһ㡣

ҧҧԸ
Ӣ̧ͷϰֲãү׼ôױôˣʲô棬öܡ

ӢⱾǸġ

һжӣӢκβүôණҲԸ⣬ͲǹˣǾӦɾ̳йϢˣǺҲûϵ
򲻻⣬жӡ

ϿӢ⣬뵱øףһڣү֪ˣڰᾸΪӣڶ˸öӣҲˣⲻ㣬ʲôҪҲع㣬ҾͺúøᾸ㣬һ¥ǰһԼĶӡ

Ӣͺ죬žһƣ

޺޵ȥˣڳôѿ·뿪ģȹˣ֪˲ȥҶ𣡷ᾸҲˣᾸԺ˭㣡

Ӣֶţ㣬

Ժһϸߣȴ벽ãӢִЩز浱ױ䲻Ը⣬Ҳûð취

ⲻҪҲҪʹ޵˼˵ţȻҲǱˣӺúùţвĵطҽ㡣

ͷЦ⳰Ҿ£ôһΪждˣοôװ
ǵԼ£ӦòڻΪģֳɩڡ

һͷḮܣӢ⿴Ůͬ׽Ӳ˵ʲô޾ʹȥׯӣ׼һӣӺ͹

죬ѡܲ
Ŭﻹ򣬸׸Һüӣĸеġ

ޣɩӸ˵õĶģõãõĲãΪǹĲҵ⴦ãôѲҵϿ˲Żܡ棬Ѵ㿪ڡ

ͷҲΪֳϽʲôˣǵԼ⿿ֳǲеġ

޿ϵӣС࣬һڳϣһڳǶǰ̯ӾҲߡ
һڳǱЩԶλ˵ʵ

Ҳڳϣ룬ѡ˳ϵ䣬һǧӣȥٸ˷Ӿˡ

ʰɨãܹˣ⻹ԼҺҹţԭӾͲˡ

Ÿʾӿŵʱдϣˡ

Լҵĺҵû뵽ôۿˡ
ǼʢǣСȥͰһ˵ֱ˵ˡ

ҹ֮󣬰ϺϺ˵
˵ҪԺ͸Ҹɰɡ

Ϻ˿ں̣ǲǸҸ𣿡

ϣ˵Ժźңҵūš
ϺžһѺǹ£ⲻͦõ𣬷Ҫūɶ˵⡭

ϵ⼸˯ã˼ȥģܾò̤ʵҪǲūͦãÿ»м׬ǷҲǣһׯӣ㿴õũߣʮĶһ͸ˡ
ӲǻϣҪǸŻСֵܣ϶ΪӼҵūҲģǮãǮãҵˣ˭ɶ㡣
˵ھԺ˭˵׼ңӣ˷ɶģԺкӳϢã˾ţô˼ɶ뷨
ͷ¶ϸŵġ

Ҫ˵޾Ǻˣһңǰׯϣ׬ǮҲһѣҪǣ͵һپ٣һˡ




45.  ʮ ݮ   ѧǶ

ׯպ, һݮ
ӵڳһֲݮȫǲݮ磬·, ѾСƻ, ûк͵Լڷۡ

ǲ׽ڷ۵, Ҳ, ⻹˴ȷϾǰҲ˴ȷġ
ͺһҪûһ顭ôӣҲô˵˵žе㲻˼һͨ죬һҲԼ, ҴϿģ۷ڷ, ܽӣǰޣȥݮˡ

ͷҲصˡ

, ԭ, ⻹ûԲ, Ҳһ֪⣬, õǶ, ʲôдֶžͲ
Ų豭ˮ˵, ˡ

û˵ģͰ˵ˣһ̷ˡ
⻰˼ѾˣףüԴǰͦõǿׯӣÿʳãɩӸӰæÿйǮͦˣ˵Ҳȱź򡣡

С֣չ⣬ͻСȻҲûǵ˹
ҵʲôӵ֪Ҳû˹ܵģѾĶūŵĻ

Ǵȣ˽ãҪǱѾߣ£÷
޲ȱź˵ˣôׯӣׯˣαԼҵūš

޵ҺһԴҲʵ⣬ԼڱԼܿڹʣýḮ©͹һҳԺȣʹΪСǣô˵ū˰㣬ԺӶ鶼ɡ

˵֪Ҫ˵ɶ϶룬壬Сã϶ᵱģҲʵ˵Ҷ˲һ˭֪ءԼӣÿнˣӲ٣ҪǾǮԼ뷨Ӷ׬Ǯأ˵Բԡ

ϵ˵ͷԣ

ԼңҲһҪǸǽģ޲ܵġ

ϴ뿪ͷֹ̫ˣ˵˼仰ּӡ
Ϊ¶ģׯӵ˶˸ˡ

⼸˺öӣ޻ûرȥȥ֮Щ˵ʲôܲ³޷ǿྡʶ飬صƿٲȲӢȤڼܹ˿ء

Ѿ߿ź֣ܰǻϵˣŵ˳֣ܹЩֻǾܰׯӺӡ

ݮÿׯӶЩȽ͵㣬ԼҳԵģʣȫ׬һǮ
˵·ݾͲ̫ˣСѾʱȥȫһһǮ͢Żȱ𴦱ˡ

˼꣬ˮ࣬ׯھûȱˮׯ˲٣ڲΪֻзԸȥ˸á
רһЩũߣգⲻҪˡ
׻ǵҪũܹԼӣմ󶹣ǻǾͺˡ

ִũߣԶеûС
ͷ˼ûԹЧãոӵĻǰͷǵУͷǶҡְѸ󹣵еõղ֪òá

·ݣĲݮȾ˺ɫժһζ֭ˮӯһĲݮ֭
ʮׯӣÿׯӶһĶصĲݮﶼƮĲݮζ

ݮһ죬Ͻժһһһطţһݮһݣ·ϵѲݮˣװ֮žͻظˡ
ޣ쳢͸ˣҪׯס죬ѲݮԹٻ

ժÿɹ̫ʩʣĲݮȥĻҪ
ׯס죬Թݮٻǵöˬ죬Ѿϴ̣ʣµĶ͸ǳˡ
ȥסѽ

ׯӴţû˼ﻹ㣬ʲôͳʲô
ްˮׯйԼ޽ӹóȸкóԵĹˡ

һļϣΪеŮˣްѲݮȥ
ǱҪͣйÿ͸ٰʮǻأϺͰռǱˡ

棬ȣժݮԼժζһء
ʣµľÿհ̯ǱߣŵӣһȦˡ

һʮǮǮرǮ˼ҶٶٳԶУȻҲرˣʮһҪǼԣǮʡһҲһ

һݮ߰˸أ˶һ˷һζ졣
Ҽ¢˲ݮ⣬˭ҵĲݮִأҵҪôζãҪôǼǮߣòװˣڲˣ뿿ݮ׬Ǯôôء

ͬŵȥֱתһȦһ롣
ǰҶһݣݮǣǰĲݮأһֳˣôݮȫˡ

ˣҾˣգݮʱͱˡ
ݮһһǮĲһʮʮǮǰʹˣȥݮˡ

Զɱ׵ģҲû£ͻݮ˾ˡ

ݮʮǮһˡ

Զɵˣġ
Զʮ꣬Ͳ󣬹޵ͷʮǮ˵õģöٲݮ٣˵Ļ˵ĶԼϣ꣬Ҳû
ϾݮӾ󣬷һͲˡ

¶ûꡣ

ȥ飬׺ʹðӣ鲻˭ˣǾͿ϶ļݮһһȥԣҳ
æȥһҼҵز飬С̷£ƾЩСϣʲֻ͵͵ЩСġ

ңһҲݮʮһȴô
һҶ۶ʮһӻУҲࡣ

˸ţҲ۲첻ʲô
һֱ죬¶ʮһļǮһٽҲʮһʵڲãͰѼǮˡ

ɻǸУҶׯִ߽ݮģãͨ˼ҲһͰ˼ҵ⡣

ԶɽȥͶС̷ײˣŵӣֻͬһ˹ȥˣĻѹԶһ٣Сӣ
ԶɱͿ죬˵ͱס˵壡壡

±ͷأ֣ϹֱӰ˸ˡ

ƿڴϻ͵Ϯ֣Զֲɵţ
Ȱ˰ˣԶϵݮȥˡ

°˴ǰˣ˸ץˡ




46.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ҲǸʮ, ׺ݣôţ, ҿɲǺǵģ

ü, ģΪȥΪˣ֮, ݮĺ𡣡

꽩Ų˵, ȻģԶɴˣãΡ

ޣȻˣΪʲôΪֻԼ, ȥĻȥ

ΣһҶ, ǿñ򣬾Ӧвݮ, ûһ, һǮ׬

Сֶι޻, ֶβʹȴᷳ
һҶΪҼҵĶ, ζ, ģãǮʵݻ㣬Զ, Ķ㽵ۣʮǮǮҲûҪҲòҲա

ֻǣܵЩ

ҲԸΪ仰˵ԸⱾͺ࣬ЩС¸ҡ
㣬׬ǮãͲַӣҵĲݮһһǮԼҵĶһ뷽跨ȥҲãôţüĲݮҲóԣǵִˡ

ͷ˵ĹˣµԶȥ٣СҲôˣȻ»ػҡ

޲֪ݮûôҵۺ졣
ҵ˱˵·

һݮʮǮҲһĶصĲݮֲݮķӺͱ˲һľģֱ˼ĶĶص

ׯֶ࣬ÿׯֻһĶֲݮǲҲС
ȥҹݮ׬ǧӣǮһʮ

Ǳ˼ҵĲҵָ̧ۣһݮʮǮʮǮƫҶ۾Ͷʮģǲòѹۡ

ûҺãȫˡ

룬Ȼ׷׺йϵʵΪ㶫УȻˣǻʲô˵ģ㶫ֱҲ١

¼򵥣Ͱһ죬϶ͻ˵׿ڿ϶ĲݮǾ¶һݡ
ʢôĵأ˶ҵĶ׬Ǯȥ𴦡

һá

˵ⶫãȻ˻ΪǺ۸лţֻҪ²񣬻϶Ụŵġ
ֵأʳ͢ͳԿˣϲỹҳԿ

ڽϼҲᣬ־ǧӵ̣Ŀԡ

ȥٸС˵ɱӺΪҲõŵ㡣
ݮڳѮҲûˡ

׬ǧӣټȥ߹صĲˣǷʣһǧ

˱īӵǮһˣĶһ
ﻹǧӣǷ꣬аǧˡ

ϼÿǮǮ׬ĶˣǮҲˣһʮӡ
ǮҲһʮ˭뵽⿴ôãȴտգôһǮ

ûǮĵطǮȫͷϣũߣָӣи֮ܡ

ֵˮСײˣˣͲˣӣܲ
ѹ㳤;֮⣬ʣµĶ

ԥֵͣԥݵǲա
һǮһˣȴ˶ˣֲģٴһ㣬͢ͲôˣʳҲá

£ȣѾ룬ƴתǷֳΪۣȡÿһ룬װġ
ˮ࣬÷ĽˮҪֹˮׯڵĸŪá

ǰڹΪ˹ȣڹΪˮ
СˮкУŤģЩˮҲû˷ѣ硣

ЩǴӽģʮһˮܻٻ٣Ҫջʱ˳ջ񼸿Ǿ͸ˡ

ҵĳ磬Ϻз磬ǲ֪ܲܳ
⻹ûרЩѧɣۡ

ѭ̬ۣɣҲֻҪѭ̬úþС
ׯׯڣѼϺѼķͳׯڵķϣĳӼѼܳԣҲܳԣټˣҲܹһСѭ̬

ׯЩһʮãҲ㳤ʱ䣬͵ʽӣʣµļ˳ԡ

ѼȼѼܺÿԲΣ˵ѼԵĻϣ͵СˣﻹԶӵ㶫ɶģԽӺ͹ҲС

СӲģһ˾ܰźá
˰˱࣬ĸ棬дףŴף춹棬Ѹɡ
ʱӺǣζƮĶǡ

ǮҲˣǮһ룬һ׾öࡣ
˰˱࣬Ƥ࣬ģƤζֵֹģȴУ࣬ǮǮһ롣

һţ࣬ΪţⲻţüղһΡ
ټǴЩСˣ齴ӵȱӺöˡ

ϳȥӶ⣬ᣬ絽˾ûͣʱ򣬳Խӵ࣬Ҳ٣һһ࣬ǰͷСϵĵҨĩ緹ʲô㣿

̯ںܹһˣһ飬﹤Ͱңһҷһ
Ǹɻ֣ÿճԵҲã׬Ҳ࣬ɶ֪ġ

Ϊ齴ӣʢǳ˲齴Сʳ齴ͦǰԵըģ齴ֲˣǰԵ̣齴ζûڣΪһݣ⻹
ǵĵľ⣬ҵ齴ζ㣬óԣû㡣

ǣҲطǵöﻹΪ
СͶ࣬ر٣ûʡʱʡ

ҪǵĶ࣬óԣһ̯ܰܵвС
ù˵Ƕóѽ齴ȥ϶׬ǮǺ鷳

һ˵࣬ϴ鷳¯̿գ׳¹ʣ⻹ѡλúõľ¥ÿһ˵ðѹأڲȱǮ£޲Ը⿪ꡣ
齴Ӿͦá

Լ֪ҵ⣬˲˵û˸¡
СӻЩۺ죬ۺڻǰĵλ

ܻأ˾͢Աʿũ˾ĸֵģܵ͡
˵Զغܳ˵ȥʿũ˾Գ·Զʱʱòݮͮͮһˣ㣬߼

ԣһ㶼ȣɵú˻жã

࣬岻ͬңʲôУȵﶬȥĶ˺

ǰǶƾ٣гѾĻΪС·ܽԺ־Ӫ

ڣʿũ˾ϣܼȥ

ʿũ˾Ǻׯڴ򽻵ʮ飬ͷȴֵȥĶֱӲ飬ֱȥֵء
⻰һȺԶ䣬㶮ʲôȥʿũ˾Ϊȥʿũ˾ֵؾˣ

ⲻҲʿũ˾˾أ

Ϊлķˣ𣡡

ȷʵˣʿũ˾ö飬ֳֻ¼Ĺдֲֲᡣ
Сײ˵ģֲ˵ģܲģģĢġ
Ҫñľ͵÷ΣֱӾ̸ǹ

Ȣķ˾ͳ£Ķõŷô¡

㵹ǸȢһ

Ŵ£ЦЦֻһ⣬Ҳֻһˣ»ظʲôʹء




47.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ֻҪ߹شݱ, ǾͺйأػظͣҲ֪Щʲôˡ

»صǿ͸ޡ
Цŵ˵Ҳ, , ǰʲôɣɶҲ, ԺϽ, Ҳ֪Ǻˣһʹǰǡ

Ͳ˵ֻܹڳ֮ˣĻͲˡ

Ǹʶ壬µķˣ壬Σ֮ʱüױ˻Ǯָҹ, ˣҲᶯġ
ѩ̿ܿɹ, ҲΪϧθ飬һֱǮԭһ, һ㶼, ˭Ҳܲˡ

۵ͷ, ȷѵÿɹ󡣡

»ؽͣƵ, ճɺ, ʿȱʳȥֵأֻг, ͢е

ս˵˼䳯͢£ŷŰ뿪Ͼˣûˡ

ֵؿүɫǵ׽棬ʩʣˮѡõ֣һһѡĶȥ
רŻһȫãĻ˵ģ

һúãһǿ

Գк·Զ̵ܰĴǳ׵Ļˡ
ֵԼ֣е˼һһеľͺҵ֣ҵֱеĶҪߣԺȫֶ֣͢롣

в֣ҲģǾϸѡǶ˿泤Ĳ˸óԣҲԵʡ

Գк·Զѧ˲ٶЩĽغܳ˵͸£Ҳߡ

Ժʿũ˾ԽԽǶ˻Գ·Զǰ

ⲻ֪ܳ˲뵱ǰ̫ˡ

ÿֲˣι¼ÿˣ״ҪԼ취Ϊⲻڡ
ȻĿİģ⿪ĺͷҲ˳˳İѼˡ

ļʼµˣ
ǰһǧֻڿʼµˣҲζлرˡ
ȻΪ˳Լ⣬һǧֻɱ˾ûˣԼܳԺþأ

һǧֻ㲻ÿ춼µǼҲСٸܳسԵ󼦵ʱȻϲۺỨذѷ˳꣬⼦ʹǰׯûʲôͬͦģǵĻʳܺһɣһһеġ

ôǳ͢٣С
뻹Ǿÿڼеʱǳĺġ
سһЩ͹ȥֵģһһ֪ɡ

˵֮Ƕǣֶ֣֮Ҳеᵽе⡣
˰࣬һԺ󣬲ּؾ

ǻصʢǰ·ݣƾɣ°ȫ磬˺ˣˣˣȴΪĶ

۸˽ͣϢգȻȥʿũ˾Ӧî
ϲɺأôĹ˾Լˡ

½ķᣬʢΪȻֻһС䣬͸⣬ͲðѲ˰ȥˡ

һĶصĴͷǼŷᣬľġ

ֳõӣʿũ˾סӣҲᡣ
ͷһ䣬ҲС

Ӷһģ⿴Ҳʮһƽͷһľ崲иӣ̼¯ˮãԼá

ȻզأְĸᣬȫǳӦîʿũ˾԰ס
סĵطªЩǶ̿бÿհһ͡

Ҳ˵󻰣ʵׯ̫ܼ࣬˵ķǹܵ

ʿũ˾˾⣬ܳԳк·ԶʣµľרŹľͷ

İ﹤ҲѧһЩׯǩˣֻ˵ǳԺһ㣬סһ㡣

ʿũ˾ֻˣÿٺ»ҰסĻ˵ǴøãʺЩֵֻصĺӵܡ
ҲȥԺˣ˵ʵȥʿũ˾ͦá

ֵÿֳ棬ũΪ֮ĺȻֵĺõأۡ
дһ֣ʿũ˾ܶӣǹ޴дȻȥ֮ܳٻ

ܳ˶֪˭дģȻҲû˵ּʱҲۣ֣жȲϡ

˵ķˣܰЩдףһѺ֣ĽҲĽΪԺܿΧ꺮ů檣˼ɼһԵĿ֣˵齴رóԡ

أ
һ㶼û

ܳˡ
˱ˡ

ԳлδȢף֪ǺθоȷʵĽ

ܳڳǽʿũ˾Ӧîÿʱס죬˰¹ҷ˾Ȼˡ
⣺ԶνĻжȣ͢Ķʲôá

ģⶼһֻ۱һֻۡ

ⲻܣȻһٲ֡

ʱһζ˰Ѯһ͸׼ˡ
õũΣׯĹ˾֣ӣף󶹣ӰѮ³ʱʮ죬ʳˡ

֮Ͻɹɣֻɹ˲ܳء
ƫƫ⼸꣬һ͵ðͷɹŵʳͣɹ
ػʮأʳùˣÿյ£㰾ˡ

ɹõʳϳƳأ޵ׯӣ˶ʮĶܹǧ˰ٽ
Ķپʮ
Ķپʮԭʮ

˿ϴϲ⣬ŰǶǸ˵ġ

ȻûܷǱȥˣּܷ꣬ˣ𼱣
Сׯӣжʮׯء

ɹɹӣأһƽĶ
һĶأǧĶصӣĶٰʮ

ǧĶصĻĶʮ

һǧĶصĴ󶹣һǧĶصףĶʮĶǵĲࡣ
һĶҲͶʮ

ʳһƺã˰ͽϲˡ
ܳһ˵ϲ֮Աϲˣ

ֻȥ˲֪Щֱζʲô
һĶضʮʮĶضİٽһĶضǧ˲

ܳؼԺЦ⣬ĸΪˣʿũ˾ָһ׮£ĸʿũ˾ܰĶʮ

ɱСʮʮ߹ؽʿڳԵģǶڳԵģͶ̵ʱһˡܳ˵ģÿһƬضܲôʳÿһ˶Դ

Ҳһݹ͡
֮󣬸ĶͻԵʿũ˾ĵĶߣʱٲʹ͡
ǵʳɹĶɰĥ棬ôף

Ϸܳô˵͸ҵĵزôʳǵ׬Ǯүҿɷˡ
ǧĶصӣĶٰˣĥҲ࣬һʮǮǾӡ



ܳ˵ˣʳȷҪ͢ǮҸ͢ĶһǮһ׬˶Ǯ
ǧĶصӣ׬ǧϱģҲǧǧ

Ϸ˵ѲǸɵģ׸ֵ͢أ

ܳ˲Ǯƣңлϻţôɵˣһǻ൨ģңҲԸ⡣

ûܳôУĶҲˣͽˣͷ»Уʳֱá
ҵׯӲý˰Լʳװ֣һֱʮѮ춼ƮѩˣʹͲ




48.  ʮ    ѧǶ

, ֱȥḮҲǻʹ͵լԺȴ˸, ŷ˵˷˲, ׯԺסţѩ, һʱز, ʲôҪ²

ּɲҪ¡
һˣʥǰĺˣȻӦîϳǹʿũ˾϶˵ڽɽйֻҪ˲̫Ĺꡣ

Ҫ˵⻰Ϊʱ, ɿʮ꣬ȵʮ, ȫһĹ⾰вˡ
ʮ̫꣬ᣬҿĸƷԱʮ곯, , ѹʹ, ܻܲ٣žʹ͸ޡ

ʢׯҲһʱ, û˸ұԹһ, ˵ּҲ١
ѩ, ѩһ磬񲿹Աּ˻ʵۣگԻʿũ˾˾ڽɽй˹޹˳磬طΪˣմˣ

ѩ׷ɣ񲿹Աȴ´յЦ⣬ˣּɡ

ŹһʵɰһǮҲͶʮһ͸һȥߣʥּҿ
ʥּɣдȥģմ˶ӡ˹

񲿻˵ջߴ磬˴ļͷڡ

ƷԱĸ׷ھʱᱻΪˣƷԱĸ׶ܷ⣬Ʒ׵ķ˾ܲμӹ̣ȻҲһȡ
޿⣬Ͼңл

⣺ɶлģҲ͸ҵʥּ̫һ
ɫľᡣ j
޵ùŵģƷˣԺҲйٵˣҲŶѽ

޽ʮߣʮ˳ͷʮ͵ھྡġ

⣺ҲСˣ㶼Ҫˣûˡ

ȥס޵֣ûˣҲѩﾲĵģȥߵĵϡ
ѩ죬ʪ䣬ɤȴеɣѽҪҪȥҸ򿴿ȵҩʲôģҾԽԽˡ

ʵͷûЩ£ʮ֮˾ţĶ˳ġ
үˣ֪ˣںӣǿ

ˣҲˣ޸ȥҴһ©а໥ϲ໥ֲ𣬻ҪʲôӣҲҩɶģһ룬ܡ

ֱúӣĲõģˣûʮȫʮ¶ǳҲһˣͦãҲǷҪӣȥ򣬷û˴Ҫӣǲ

⣺


⳶ǣ˵ûͷβûװģĲô죬ڹֹˮǰĻʹСһ
ıˣҲ˵Ĳˡ

ô졣ʼʱú˵δȥںˣɶˣھɶԲɹҪˡ

ݣŹؽһһ¸ͷķѩӹ߰޵յƣذʥּŽϻãǹŵﻻҩݣԷгҧ

һ°˱˹޾غһ£ʲôյģ㡭

ôˣұһ㶼ǲǲˣھˣԲԣ

˵Ķ£˵һӣˣβҽˣƫãҶ⣬˵ʲôûʮȫʮ£ƫҪʮȫʮأ

˵ˡ

⸽˹һڣ⻰ҲܣΣҲҽ飬Ρ

ĵΣͳɴ޽ҲԹˣľ²ҲԹҩҲ֪ʲôôΡ
Ϊѵؿ⣬Щ²ǿ󡣡

Ҿǿ󡣡
ֲǲУԶûԹ޺˵ǿ
ʳķӣٳҩÿԼûЧҲǻȥˣֵͷһڣֺֿݣôȥ
ñ˰

޳ŵ˵ͷҵúúÿ飬ܺΣǷſİɣֻ̫Ҫúõģͱʲôǿˡ

鷿ҽ飬޵·һ飬ʳķӳԺҩš
Ҳ׼֣ǡվԶಹЧá
ȥҽץҩĸͷСɰÿţһٸһΡ

ްˣԼרˣһǷծѾˣﻹаǧӽõһ䡣
ȫҵĲҵ

ްǷ⿴һۣҿɸѽ
ͷհհɣҾͦúȣҩζҲأ϶ãޣȥЩݮȥ
ʿũ˾ů˵ݮڱ߽߱ǽǴֵĲ࣬޳ԡ

ʱ͵һҲһֻ۱һֻˣѺݮûԱ

ҡҡͷô䣬ͱȥͷˣʵʵŰɡĸģҩζȻء

Ҿ;úöˡٺһЦȥϴˣֶ˽һݮ

˱ׯӵʳӦѾȥˣһʿһ棬һ棬ʮʿһʳ

Ҹٶʳʮ죬¡
פפӪפʮҸʳ͸ϵ˰㹻ˣ϶ʣˡ

ˣɳԲϴװеˣÿѮ޾ȥⲼʩǮˣЩޱܱȲǿ
ǳ͢ԱЩ£ȱҪǿ

Ϊ޵ľٶʢҷҲȥⲼʩ̶ܴϰգΪʩᣬЩ˾Ͳɻˣųȥ
ⶼڸɻΪʲôҪԵء

̾˿㵽ҹȲϴϿ
ҩûЧãϿе㲻˼ѵƴˣѩӳ䣬ﲻȫڵģϰֻë׵Ь䣬ѣⲻ
ҲͰˣԼȻ֣ԽԽ

ѹ޵˹ﱳҡ
ȵģҲȵģ£ޣ㲻ҵĸ𡣡

ĺܽʵӲ״Ҳܺÿ
ץŹ޵֣СϣңҾرио

ˣ˼£Һڱ˵ƣȻ
ҧ´˵⻹ûʲôͻܵòУֺͷ֪ôˡ

⣺ģرģҲ
˱ڻʱʱҲ޿ҽ飬֪ôҪҪ

һҹöƣһ밶㣬мܲסûʲôȴʲôˡ
ǰСӣʲô˵˵ִ󵨣ʱẬǳǳϷŪһٷſֽŶˡ

ʲôˡ
ϺĴУްϲ˲䣬ѩͣˣȥʿũ˾ްѱӵãִӹóһ
ôˣֱ̫ˡ

ҩźĹá

ȥϴȥ᷿Сҩţϻȡ
ҩһúȼأúȼ²аɡ




49.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ŵ, 

ڴǰԺĹ֦ѹѩǸԼ˴, Ŀɻ, ֻ̹죬ҲԷΪ, ҪڽӴ, Ϊ˸ı֡

ǰԲΪӣ̫һ࣬ʶЩ¶.ǣĶ֪ѽ

֪һܿ֡
ȫ޲õ, õҪŮԼɷ
ֻԼףӢ, ʵġ

֮вͬġ

չĶú㣬Լ͵ɽ, Ĳݮ, һ, ߲˵ͺˣ͵, ʣµȫˡ
ͷ˹úһ, Ųִ߽ȥʮһһ˸һǮ
ǶǮ, Ҳꡣ

˵ĲҵˣǩģȻ࣬룬һһǮһʮʮģһһӡ

ͷǮ˹ڼèţֻҪڿ㣬²ǮȻӼңǿԼ⣬겻ǡ

ҴȣĿãӣ˵Ǹ˶࣬¡
£ȥɫȾϣһɫ죬ʺϹ괩ϲ죬һɫңų侲ʺӴ

кüӣÿæúܣ׬Ǯ⣬Ҳ뷨ӴЩԼȾɫҲ
֬ӣӻ̣˼ңҲ

ŷⲻãרľӪһв׬أӿɱȹ޶ࡣ
ϣúõģôСӢסܵǮԺ̹

浹ǲӢԼǮСʲôʲôȥˣ裬ֵģһ㲻˳ĵ¾֣ӲǱ۲ۣÿ쳰䶼ǳ¡

治ʹֻǼʰˣֳ뿪ʱᾸֱΪӣÿ컶ϲúܣû
ᾸӣĲҵһϴǰǰüĸ½ûǮԼױֲ࣬ŶԹҵۺý

Ҳνɩ˵öԣ׸ţܱȱ˱ǿ
˼䣬һڹҲҪģ˸ˮԵĶԣߵĶҲҪСģʹЩĵֶΡ

ͼˣϾͼˣ⵵ڳ¡
˵ͷ֪ģǱһ˵׶ֳȫˣɩӣĻһСģ¾͸硣

ޣϸˣ

׸磬ȢӦò١
üţʹҵ˼һºĶӣһɵĹӡ

е죬ºʱлɵĹӣŻŵʱ͹Ȱ죬˵ĸ׸࿴Ļ£ˡ
˵ºĶĸ׵ĻĸɵĹӻδף˺üС檡

ޣУһΨĸ֮Ǵӣһ˺üңϸ࿴ʲôˣ㶼ң

һżˣʵҲͦõģԼӣʲôȱ
ֳɩͦãֳûĻǰӣɩӼ޹֪ҪܶίԼ綼ˣĶкõġ

޾ü˺ҪߣöȰСأ¶
˿϶ʮȫʮķѡԼصĳĵطҲ޿κΡ

ŮӶġ

鲻̫ãΪҪףΪ̫ڣķصӢȥ鷿˵

Ӣܹ⣬ϱûḮׯˣô죬ôܰܡ

Ϊסɣֳ뿪ȥ޶໥֣Ǳߵĸ鲻ȱ𴦡

Ӣ˵ˣǰܲ⣬ڸܲˡ
аɣȥɣ·Щ

˵ͷĵ֪ˣαصֳһ㣬ҲᵽĵزᾸᾸصĶӣϢ

£ԽϺûȥԳһˣǰԳоͻˣ˵һжá

ǧֻһܼһǧٸͷ˼ͷĸʣµĶɱȻʿԣǸͷȥ˾ӪǸмʿũ˾ҲܸмˡԳг£һ·ѩȻ˲ٿ࣬Ҳ˼ʶЩҹӣǰֻ֪飬Ҳá

һǧٸһܾٳʱˣû⣬мҲܲӡ
ɱҲܳԶٺ÷

ټˣɶģӪʳȹȥǿˣҽ겻ȱǳ԰棬涼١

Եṇ̃һ˺üʤ̡
ʤ̡һʿũ˾ʹͣǶˮǴߡ

ˣ㶫ȥɶģ
Գв˼ͷлˡ
ߵʱժһŲݮԡ

ζЩᣬǶռˮҲ
ժһСȥʮ壬޵

ڼңʿũ˾һȥ˳㶫Ȼͻؼˡ
ȥڼУڣҪúù

ֻΪɬҲʲôص
һֻռӵĵģرƻӣһһСɿɰӣŴظ

ռ£Ƕסׯԣǵĵһң˵Ѫɣط岻ͬ
ʵҲΪ̫ůͣ˯

ͷϳźʵ£ϴףñӣܰѶ令ס
֪ȥ϶ܳԺõģӿ˯ȥһʱء

һ㶼෴ܾ񣬽ǹ˽죬ʮˡ
ǵ꣬ȻһʲôԴ߹ޣѾȫȫˣһⶼûС

һºҩÿСˣ֪һʲôӵġ

⿿ٺֱЦռԵģǮһĲʣ»һأҲԸ޻Ǯȫ˶ˡ

һʱ춼ˣͻӱŶţޣһˡ

ƹůů͸ֽܿģæµӰӣˣ˻ˣ

޽컻ѣ¸ɫӣޣӺڶëڷԵرס
ЦЦôŻѽ춼ˣůů

Ѿϲˣһ˵һĻƹϣһݮСǽ֭Ͱǡ
Ȳ˻ڹһֻռȥ˺ˡ

ӣɰﻹŹأǴ㣬Сð˵ˡ
㣬вˣʱ˭ԵŻƹϣѽݮܰ

˴멣ùţԼȥ˳Ҩ˵Ź档
ܹһС룬ò˶೤ʱ䣬óԳġ

ﻶϲƽ˶ѣĸĶЩ¿϶ǸĸӦʵģȥûС

Ҳ޺֪㡣
ɿ̲סۿôأʲô

治һһС룬ȫˡ




50.  ʮ    ѧǶ

˵ҪԳ, ܳ꣬޾ţϲ˻һǲŽг, Ȼô, Ҳµȡ

޳һ룬ʣµĸˡ
ҳҳ, ˭, 곤棬ܳԱģĲãԵ㣬ݵġ

޾Լأÿÿȥ·ʹ, ֻµģҺüﲻȱӲȱ, Ҳʹá

޵ҲԵ㣬ˡ
йְиڼУô, ŶҪܺô, , ڵ磬ʿũ˾Сʱĳ, Ϊܡ

Ҳ, Ĳÿ춼ȣҸоƷһͷţ

ܲƷţ޲֪׾ٵذ, ӺŮվǲͬģ첲ͱͬܶࡣ
Ⱨ˲ֵӣĶ

ҪӿͲˡϽ⻰ȥǲʲôƵģȻôǰᣬҲߵûš

ǲˣٺ͸áţǲˣԵ㣬ҪҪСϲ

ΪκȾƣҲΪ׳˵ֲ˶˵Сأһ϶ܸһЩ

׿ֻ꣬»ȶˣʱûȹĸı䲢һһϦǳõģֻǲϲΪȾƵ£ƽٺȣĶ᲻Ӧ

һɣҲůůӡôȥþƣǱžƵģʱҲᵹһ㣬Ͼ͹ˣȾҲͦõġ

һ˵һСҾֻÿЩȥŲǺˣɤӣֱȥĿǿ鶼ˣֽҲˡ
źСڣüѱľƺָ꣬һҺȲˣһ͵ˣĺȲˡ

ǣ˲ҲúȣǸöһѾƿ£ˣһ۾Ͳˡ

ԴǳûһƣǰȾƣһ¶Ҳκġ
Ǻ޺Сֻһ

κģҲ֪Լ˻ûУԹݣˮһϴ棬Ͽţʲôֱ˯ĴһأѹϽʵʵ˺һ

ȣҲȣ񱻻һ
׹޵ǣ۽һĨˮ⣬Ǳ۸ˣ΢΢죬˵ᴭҲ죬ûèһ

ʣʱûоվס

ûشⱧָˡ

ҹ˾ҹȻѩХķѩ֦ⲻرѩѹϣҲǻ㱵žһľˡ

գйˣ⻹ڵʱգգۣ²˿ˡ
Ҳ˯ţʲôûڻ޼ѵط˸ۿΧһƬǽ塣

·С£ӣɢڵϣϵΣζ֣Ƴۣϻһ޻ҵĺܣܹ֮
ԺҲкˡ

Ĳ⻳˭֪ôһˡ

˯˯˺þ֮˯ģһޣԴûӦЦˣҪҪҸ󣬻ܲ

ֹסҵ֣ҲôܣңԼ󡣡

ȴǲҪƤڹǰҪƤʲôŹ޵Ķ䣬ĵҲа

ǸƦӣʲôĻƵĶ˵
࣬ô𡭡û𡣡

ûѽʲô¶ûУţٺ٣˵ģֻҪһҾرܣرأ

Ĳ˵аٽǲźء
ⲻģҪ˵С

¶һֱ룬һҹΣһζ೤ʱǲ֤УֻðҲǲ֤С
ΪҲܶ˾ˣ϶һҹüء

ⲻ֪ģʱΪŮƤֱչŮӵĸܡ

û檳Ⱥһ·ּ죬Ůֻгܵķݣ֮ˮ˯Եıѡ
޵ҪׯС檵ʹֺã㲻Уº޲ƨ˵үŮӳлĶлԡ

ڹǰһҪϲ⵵¶ҲùϲΪϲϲ֮ܶҲɷѿİ

͹ܲÿء

ù޸¿ˣҶӶˣŪȥ

˵޻һ£˵ˣǰҲûô˵ʲô죬Ǹӡ

ʣʲôأСӣӣ࣬ǲҰźˣʹӦˡ
ֻͷ

һƬǽ壬ǲ˼ǽģԭѾǾ͸Щң޵ѾߣҲɷֶΣвʱ򣬿԰ɷƵѾǶ̧С檣Ҳ档
ǹ޳ǰϺ˵ģ¹޾û

ԺˣҲô
ķģΪҪ벻ƸأΪ޻檣ǿġ

ŷû׼ôֻ࣬һС棬һϡ࣬Сˣһӹһ̼ӡ
޳ԲԣԱȥ

֧СӣڿϳԵģò˵⿻ůͷ㣬Է˯˸ɱģС

͹֮е㲻һˣǰСܲסΪУڿţۡ
׺ߣʱʱ졣

һ˵¹˵ʲô͵ֻһ˵ľûУĶϿԣװɺµͣ죬úúãҲ˵ˣ԰ɡ

⻹ࡣ
ްĳ緹

ʰɾ˻ͨ磬µĴҪϴģⲻ˼ñϴԼˮ
޷İõʹˣ޷ֱֽ׼Һù޲ӣɱˣĻҲôϲ

룬ү֪ŻԼԽǿʱռİ飬֮ѽ

岻̫ҪȥϴҲûţֻǣﶼͷЦˣϴ·ҲЦһζûС

磬ԺӾ͹ϴɾı洲ϼ˿ˣ͵ͷ߹ȥֲʲôͬʱָˣ޸ˡ

Сδǰ˲ٿ֮࣬Ҳûһ찲ӣڰˣԺǺӣ˭СǷȥ

Գ˵ǿ׼СõĶˣ·Ьӣǰ׼Աʱ֮衣

ϵǴܵ

񣺡ȱͷ˵ˣ˽׼Ȼ˿ż
ûӣĶһ㶼żҺǼĸܵҲܲǱԶҲ

ãԺʳϸע⣬Сţǰû곤ѣСĵˣҲǺӡҲȶˣ޶ǺãȻҪر

ؿڣиСӣ˺þˡ

¶˳ȻⲻôҪӣ˺ӣ޵÷һȥͦá




51.  ʮһ Ϧ   ѧǶ

˺ȴ, 粻
ӢкܶӢһģⲻ֪ġ

ӳϢ֪, 
ⲻԭ, û취ӢУҪ, Ӣһ

쵱»֮ҹ, Լ٣ſ磬Ȼһ쵽£޲ڿϴţмܲסһһӰ, ʵ˿

ñ, ϴԷ˶ˣһ, ͵¡
ʢ, , Ҫһͬμӹ硣

ǳ͢ƷԱƷ, ǰѲμӹ˹, ϼȸƵӺϼ蕻׹ӣ仨˸, ĸԣĵͷ뿪ʮĸƣʮ˸ĵҶʮֻ

˶ܲμӹ磬һͬͬҲһ١
ú׼ⲻǸӣҲǸԼӣϲμ߰ᣬǹ粻ͬǰûˣڹ϶ܼ

ƽˣӢˣһѳ͢
˳Ϧ磬ǧڣ͢Ҳ١
ǧ£ء

ʮһ޾ױ⿴棬Ѿÿˣÿˣ

޶žӻüüһ٣ˣȥһԴš

⵹ֱ׳Ҳ㣬㻭ˡ
޲üüβ˺üɫĴ֬

ѡɫһЩģųЩ
ᣬ͢ûģоķ궼ߣСһЩҲʮڻϷھˣ͸඼ǵˣзͣҲ֣ᣬ֮ˡ

޾ҪԼŪóЩСȥ

⿴ĳˣϱǺÿôޣϻȱϴòãҿ

޶ܲµɶڲҲܿ

ôһգⲻ̫˼ٺ٣Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ҪʲôҸá

ԷڣǼģȥһҲȻܻׯӣڳլס
˵ϵķʳģԵڼеһ棬·㣬÷㣬ٺˮ

ľ˵˵
ȹˡ

Թ緹˾ȥ˳ڵլӣҪѾ߽˼ȥס
ǴӢģʶһЩ׻飬ϸżԺеǻᡣ

˵ūڼеȷ˴˻

ҲǼ⻹ͷһأĸѾܽĬؽУҡ

ٵ޺Ÿˣʮ˶ڼй꣬һϳˮǽ֮ˡ

ſ˳ƼţŮϯ޺ⲻһ飬˷Ѿߵ߹ӭӭ㣬ͷһ͸һɡ

޺ĸͳܿãǳܿĸףǾ߶Ųĸˣʶء

͵ȥ˴ǱߣŮϯҲԵɵģеĴ󳼲δǰҳ˴󳼼Ҿ죬к⿴˹ۣɫġ

֪Ӧһ£һ£˵ȹޣ˳˵⣬ģϱˣôһ߰ɡ

ֻͷһۣ߰ɡ
ͷ䣬ʱܹˣһۣ·һһյģʱһ䣬Եķ
ǰ촫ݱִʤˡ

ϲ¶

Ȼϲ£Сӣǳס

֪˵ʲô˼ʿũ˾˲߲ʳʮʿӦûܳԶ⣬սй
¶ʵҹϵʤƴģԵñůʲôá


һ߹޸ŰŹǽߣǽ϶ѩǽ¸ɸɾ·˲٣˵ľ룬˵ġ
˵ƼӢ˽ţǰͷ

һȹˣûҪȻΪηҪһ֮λء
޵ܵôкȻ˻˵ġ

־㲻ܲ壬ТţТǰͷĸҲĸܸ²Т
һ˿񣬡֪ģΪˣʹ죬ܸ磬ᾸȴɣᾸˣˡ

ЦЦȻôЩֻȷʵͦˬģһ˴кƽʱģҾӢҷ

֪ĸΪӢⲻһˣܼһΣôŹᣬ޾ᷳ˵ǼҲû취ģͱˣҴȥķˡ

Ҳھڵģ갲սɳ²ս
ͬõķ˶Ʒ֮ˣʶ˲ˡ

һ֪޻ʲôϲֳЦҽûл

ᣬĽ˲ò˵ǰμ⣬ǻ˵һŮĶ޽Ӣˡ
ӢϳȥһתۣˣܷΪˡ

ʮ꣬ԺδòΪһƷˡ

ƽ˹˵仰ǹ޵ĵĸǰûȿޣö߶Ҳͦõģɽ˽ˣƽջտţǣĸҲ㡣

òãҲ壬úãȥЦЦлĸ׹һ

ƽĹ޵֣û˵ģȹ翪ʼ˵˳ݱƵˮСмҿɹ飬̩񰲡˼ѩѩ׷ꡭλ޹˱Ժ֮ϲ

꣬˰֮֮

˴ţλؾ񡣡

Ů룬ϰ˲ȣһڣԷڼڣʳȿŶˣͰϵĲȳȥµ

аˣЩµģζȷʵ

ù˵¥̻е̻ʢÿڰԱߣǱȥͶ⺬Ц۾Ҳڿ

޵ͷôأɱץѽ̫ƽʢлһ

ʱѾ˺ʱһ͸޹ϴ멣һ֣
ţ̿䣬ͷ̻ţɴɺÿˣʢǵİӦҲܿ

Ŀ˷ܣһů¯һˮ˿ȵȵůůӡ

ҡҡͷҲůůҵǲô䣬Ҳֵˡ

ϳԵĲҲ࣬ûۼҺá

ѣԼĹѣլҲӵĳ̣Զģ˼ңϽϴѾ׼һֱţҹóԽء
ʮҪġ

꣬Сӵľȥͷ̻ˣҹǼֵģҵƻͨ硣

ڹϳЩ˼ӣһʱ򣬳ԵöͭǮ

ϵܹ˼˳Ե˵һ϶˳ͨ

ĵȻ˳ͨ˳ͨ




52.  ʮ    ѧǶ

, Ҽһʱ޿⣬ǼҾ, ͦ, ҶԵ㣬һѹӻ

ȺĽ¶, ůڵ, Ȼ뵽ɽ򣬷ͬ죬Ҳڹɡ


ø̻ŪһҲͰˣ, һǴ죬õضΡ

оΪ, һ궼ûЩǺˡ
һ, Ҳմմϲ, , ѩϡ٣ȥʱһȺų, ڱĳǽϳԵķ, еɽϣҲûɶòˡ

ȥҲȥɽתת, ˶ѩ棬ӺɷǶСؿޡ

˺þá

öˣȻȲϰյӣǽ⡣
ͷһͷٶɱ֮ͷ⣬Ѫܹ

ʮʿһӣԣԶȺҹ
⣬Ǵ̷Ƕ򣬵һǧӣֻʮ

Ժʿũ˾ˣǮ͢ռ˲ٱˡ
мһǧֻÿվ߰˰ٸӪͷǼ٣ҹʵʢ

ͷͿʼæϴˣ⵫λòͬͷȣǣӣˮ
Ӫⲻ࣬ôõķСźţȡֵǳԱԺã¹ʱ仹һ

ⶼгС飬ʱ˭ĿͿ
õĳԿ⣬õĳˮҲûа취¶

⣬ٷʱ죬ͣʣµֶϰײˣӡ
ӹ궼óԽӣĴͳǰûˣǾͰһ㣬һ˳մϲ

Ӫȱˮڶòʱմ㹽ζ㡣

ҹˣɶ˶óԣСײˣܲˣɶɶ϶óԡ
ټӸСг͵ĹˢˢļҲ׷ͳͷͷ涼һͷԡ

⣬ˣûһصģһӣֵصĽʿַԣԵȺġ
ԵҲЩͷˣʢĶ廨⣬䣬֬ζͷرá

ü飬ģ̵СйڻƳγεļζã̲ġ
ھһΪһЩˣƤͷײ˺Ͷĭ֣Թɽ亣ζʵóԵ

ʿǴڴڵĳԣڵҹɫһű˵жּвˣͷЦ濪İ
˳ųžǻͷһسٵĲˣеΪôԲŵ

࣬ԵҲãڶûˣ֮껹ܳԶٺ÷Ҳֵˡ
ٺ٣ҵﶼûԹôõķҼͿֵأҵһżǮøҸ磬ҵǮǷȢϱǼҹ꣬һҷһС⣬ȫǲˣǶģеζҵʱſˣڳˣһ굽ͷŹꡭ

СӣҲʮһҲզͳԲء

ͳԲһǮ뻨һСҪԷҪѣɶҪǮӦǾ仰ƶް°ǮܳǮԼҺȥξûǮġ
ˣЩ²Ҳա

ٷԵıͷнӣȥʢҹ˿ů⡣

˵ᣬûʤʿũ˾˾һְժ£¶Եɡ

ʮ꣬һڼңϱң׷ѣҼˡ

һ类ѣһʶʢլԺׯӡ

ˣһɫضԹ޵ʱͷűڣһֱŵڡ

޻˯ڣҲˣ˱϶һ£᲻ãޡ

˰ʱˬˣûˣ֪һЩһ°Ѽ︣ӳȥɨأֻһ˵һɶһ궼ɶ

ԿޣǺһˮžη֮ľͺãضŵġ
ȥ겻ͬ޵ǽЪЪˣͰѸҵ񱸺þͳˡ

ֻҪǸĶûأҲҪǵľƣͳɡ
ƽģӢɶƽľɶûʲôͬ

¹û˵Ҳûܣ¶ǹ
һڼһ죬޺ƽ

ŷ˵ḮˣƽһҲųӭˣأ˹Ϸˣƽ¶ſӭš
޵Ĺ̳˹ޣд塣

޵ĲǹɵĹӣﶼǵȹ겻һΪ˵ȹޡ

ƽͬ˷˵ҲصľóҺŮȼ

˷˶ƽӼֲ֣Ӷһ硣
ǵȻǺþƣҲһˡ

һͳͣſڣϣҲ˰ںòŵСӣɫĴ멣Ե˸ݣͳĺÿƷԱݰţνΪ

ƽò̾Ȿˣ»ֲƽҲǰ޲ż޹ȥȻԹ˿࣬ɷҲø

˸ŮƽδĹ޻ΪıԶңϾ̣Ժڷί϶ҵġ
˵ϺͰɶں޻ܲ׵ܵܣ

ίҲ˵ˣһ˾Ҫڣ໥ֵĺá

ƽǣ޵ŮҪֵܣĲãͱǰˡ

˳һֻ֣ѹ޷޴ɫѣ°ںǴ壬װѺͷ³޸һ񣬡ĸס

⣺ĸס
û䣬ƽһ㶼⣬䣬˵

ԱߣͻŲ࣬͵͵Ա߿Ҳ͵͵ЦЦŹ˳ء

ûޣ֪Ǹ˵ӣһүԺӣ˵ĹŰȥţò׻һΣĸŮ˵Щ强

ΪүϢˣүأү£̧
ŮΪѣŮǸˣ̲סĻϲ

˳ؽʮˣȥ˽ӣκܺãкóʱûˣҲͽ˵

ƽһһߺ͹˵˵ųоƣ˭ˣ˭ȥˣ˵ˮ˵˵ʿũ˾˲ӣǾ

ʱϣЦŵʱ˵ӣмϣүĪ˵ˣ͢Ҫ£˵ġ

ƽɫ̫ãͷڳ͢£ܶʿũ˾ϳҲԱͬ£˵ԲͨЩ

£ģֲǹܣСĵطûôơ

ƽҲò׼ʲô˼ŮϢˣˣ˵˼ûӣûһ㣬ྡͷأŮҲãѽĲУظ飬úô




53.  ʮ ˮ   ѧǶ

ֻһ, ⻰ǻ˵ģƽﻰƫƫǡ˵ޱĲ, ʲôһ, Ƿߵڣڱ, ֻĸ, ྡ

Իúôޣ뿪жǱҾǷж󣬳˰ޣûб˶ǰˡ
˹ޣ˶ˡ

Ҳ֪ƽû׻ô£е, ˣװɵ, ˣɵľ¶Ѳ⻹˺ɡ
, һϸ˵, Ҳ, ʣȥͤ, Ҳð޺ĸ˵˵, Щûˡ

޲ĵؿ⣬ڹ˼ίҲ˵ί, ΪԵʴӦʲôôӦ¡

ڰ֣ȥĸɣһȥ

޵ͷ̫࣬˵ͻȫһƽ¶æµ˲赹ˮģɨͥԺģδʱսҲû̡

Ϊ⡣
ȴ˲ǸˣΪѣ޴ӷ򣬼ǵʱûʲôҲõʲô

Ҳ˵ʲộ޿װף룬˼һ˸赣һȥٲǣӵׯȥ𣬹˼ҲôŮ
˷˴ȥϷ˵ԺӣϷʹˣһһϣűǰƣ۾Ҳ

ϷԱߣ֣޹
ס⣬Ůˣи񡣡

Ϸ˵Ҿ͸ˣõŴʲô
һˣϷҲ˵ʲôһӣŷǱ˵͹үˣ˷£ϱȥӭӭ

ûʲôˡ
ŹϷ˵֣ĸˣۣθڲã

ϷЦŵʹ˾㲻õģ޴ÿ㻹͸ôЩġ
Ϸ˵Ļ뻹û˵˵˼ҪӶˣôʲô

־ô㣬ľ˾ûˣ뿪ʱûʲôæĶ˼չ˼ֵܡ
޵͹ӣ˭ġ

Ϸ˵ͷ㸸ǸͿģ˵Ļȥж︣
ֵ֮ܽ䣬չ˵չˣ㻹պŵͳˣаɣ׵ܵܣЩòܡ

ӹ˳Ѿ׼ˣиСĹ٣ƽȻżʱ룬ǹŮӾͺˣϧǣһˡ
Ƿ·ת޳˼صˣԺ·һƬ

ϷǸ˵ģƽҲˣȴʵظˡ

޷ڹϷ˵ϣ֪ģ֪ĸңʲôãĸùңҺܺã壬Ӣǲٻȥˡ

߶߶˵˺ܶڼҵ£ֵأ˵Ժĸ齴ͽĸߵ˵кӲݮǸġ

Ϸ˵ΪТġ

͹Ϸ˵һӵĻ˼֧˯˹ȥ
޸Ϸ˸ϱӣ˳ȥϻڵ

Ůֻп޵ķݶֹסĸŮͷ˺һϰѹ˳شߣЦŸˣЩ

޵ϸģɱ𴦳˲٣⡭ޣö㼸䣬ˣûиĳԼģɿ򣿡

֪˵Ǻ£ŮͿҽ飬Լʲô𡣡
ǰźԲĶô졣

ĿڣͷˣºӣϺס
ѾͷΪ˸ɶ˵檵ģ֪檵ļ֪˷˶ԼĲϲǡʱʮа˾Ŷ檣ָ꣬ܵ

޼æϣ˵Һͷһͬ뿪ֲ˽ӣҲ檵ģģҶѹһʱ䣬һǮơ
ŮãҲ˷֡

ϲȰǸϻ۵ģ⻹ʲô
ҲҪ£û۶ⲻģػС壬˾ͳﻹűء¶ƾƣֲֵܣԺһѾͺáϾôӣʱҳ£һҹһҹ˯š

޵ŮֵԶҲˣġ
ĸŮ˵Żͷˣ˵ǹ˷޹ȥʹ˵վӣī׬Ǯȥ˽Ӷ飬¶ô㡣

һֻܿƽ©һ㣬ӹ׾ݡ
ֻҪŮã͹ˣʲôء
ȹ˺Ӿˡ

ȥԺ˷Źֹǽú˵˵
ɫԼΪñúã棬òþû˷ϣ͹˵һѻֻ˵˼䡣

˿ãȻûʱӦ

˷˿ＱŮ;˳Ůˣô⡣
͹޽ãڹ޵ϣҲ㡭

ȷǲҾ˵˵ĻŮ˾һɴ硣
ԼǶά⣬ǰ˵Ļ˵ʲôǸĲУòȢ˹ޡ
ĺ÷Ȥ˵ŮӢһ򣬺ֻмźء

Թ緹͹޸ǣƽ԰˳ȥҲǼңǵóؼҿ

Ϲ㣬Ůѵġ

Ȼû£ƽʿũ˾ʹһ¡
˴ҲûȻ˳ʵ㻹ǱָˣԭǸĻģҡ

֪˳ô˵϶˵û˵ˡ
ȥϣΪˮȥ˲֣㹻ʢ֣Ƚգ֣ضֳС
ϸС˸֣лʼСһš

˵ŮӣһһϢãСҲϢľ֣ϢľµµΪǳԽ
ֵСǻʼСţʿũ˾ģĶپʮ

ׯӣʿũ˾½·ԶԳУغܳ׼ߡ
ȻҲȥġ

غܷܳҾ죬ͬȥҲа飬ദദദͱˣϷ壬ضҲ˵ʲô
ŷ˾ͳˣ߰ˡ

ܳᣬŷˣĶܴС檣ⲻҿ͹㣬˵ĽǼٵġ

ػؼ֮ʰöպ˴ͳɣԵģóŪ⣬ʡŵûóԡ
ʣҲͬȥ

أȻˣȥ·;ңԶԸͬȥ

˵ȻԸ⣬ļңܺͷദǼһ۲Ĳ˽ºӣԽȥ˵ʲôȻԸġ

صǾͺãɣóӰ㽴⽴㹽ⶡһҪ㡣

ҲʰģԼʰԼģ䣬ȵϾůˣһļĶҪﻹвϣⶼǲٵġ
Եþʹ·ϵĸͳɣõĹӣҶѼٴСӣ·ϻ

ҩģ޷˲Һɰװ˷óҩη纮ģε˵ġ

Ǯز٣·ϲش̫ණȵðҲ١

ȥоˮϸģǧ꣬ǶģҪأֻʿũ˾ҲϾһǧӣֻʮĶأĶ

ҺãݸץһµԱ⣬ǸԱٶĶأʿũ˾Щزˣպ׬ǮҲʿũ˾Ǯ




54.  ʮ    ѧǶ

Աһ, լҲʿũ˾ǰԱ͹ͳֵأȥ, 취
¶ʮ, һܼҳǰأؾʢһǧ, ҹ, Ҳð£·Ϣ鼸գǵݸʱҲǶʮ

£ݵѿǰ¹³꣬Ĳˮһð, ǺߵһƬ֮

·϶ʮ, ͬܳķҲˣͱܷ꣬˺ϱ, ųж, зִ, ǰա

Ϻͺϴǰ֪ˣǿ, ǸӲ, ԭʤ˵ģȴǼӣڱ, ദҲûΪ˵Եʣڼɶġ

Ϻ˵ʱ˵˲һŮӣͷһϣ˴ʢϵԥݣһŮӣͳѼԥݿɱʢĶ࣬˿¡

ϵȥҲеģαؿˡ

˵Ŷûд˵ȥҲС
ͲСˣȴ棬֪
Ͷ䶼Ӷ࣬Ϻúú͹ദϵͷ֪ˣһܲúദǡ

ݸǣߣؾݣûֵʱ򣬵·Ѿаշˡ
øͷѶһΪŪʪطźô֡

ȻҲˮ紺ˮģˮ·Щ羰żܿ﹡ϿŵСƻҲŸˡ

һֱСддˮҪ磬ɶĲһҪˮĻͲˮȥˡ
ûֿӵĻѾдŵĳˡ

ҡ֣һҡ£һ߬磬ڶ°ɿһھͽˣȻͻ߬磬磬ɿ

ô˼

޲ЩֻѧԼҲ֪ˮӲͬԶһʺˮҪֱŲ廹бŲ壬һҲˡ

ЩݶĶ಻йϵôйأͬӣֱȱֿ϶úãʼСһŴʿũ˾ũЧãȻЩũҲûǮ׬Ȼʿũ˾

һտ㵽أʱѾˣȥżҵլԺԱǮҲ乫լԺʿũ˾
լҲռĶһѡһ¡

ˮسͷٶĶأڶʿũ˾ġ
⿴Щѷ¾͸ˣʢˣһС٣úչ˾ˣ£붼Ҫ롣

æȥ֣ʰֻܽޣ޵ȥæɣأǻҸŷ

Ⱨ˹һ£ʰ˵۳ͶҲˡ
˵꣬Żӳˡ

ȴܲңԺмûɨȫǻҳСԺģӲ٣иС
Ҫæ޾͵չ˺üʮӣЩ棬⣬ߣ꣬Ķ࣬Ǹ͹ЩǮҲʹá

ϵūȥ

ޣףյˮȻɨɾ
컹ţͱˮˡ

һʱˣҲѶˡ
һһֻһص㣬һ𼦵ϲû٣˼ܲдײˡ

νףһСϣʣµľǹư裬ɶģ֮ܶɶȱɶ
Ժû𣬻̿¯ӣʮ̿ʡ䣬ܶܺ
߷ͷж֮ǰʰ׵Ҳɾϴˣ׷⣬Ȱʱܿˡ

ϺͺϣһŮɨӣһ˴Ѿߣɨ춼ˣҪ¶û취ֻܻԸЩˮȡ
ȳ극ȥðЩ

ŹԼӣҲôŹޣ¸Լ£ԺԼһЩûȹõǾ벻
Ϻͺⷬ빲Ƕ˲ꡣ

ǻûˣ֣ũߣҪܺüط
ʿũ˾ûǮ͵ʡŻȻ͵ԼҲҪӵģɲ֪ܳû㻨Ǯڼôϱ£ñ֪˾Ͳˡ

֮ŻȥӶֱС
֮󣬻Ǳ߻ľϷźãϽݣ˶ˡ

ǵ˻ԷôҲصĵһٷһ˵һԡ
ҲʲôرʢĲˣ׷һ廨⣬Ǵ׿ζʹײˣһĸˣܴ

·ϳһ·ĸӹҲˣһȺķܽһ·Ϳࡣ

뷹һ廨⣬ټײ˰һ鳴һԲŽء
ڴڵسԣСͳһ뷹ʢ˵ڶ룬θյĸоûˣسԵ˵㣬ˣͨĵ֣аأҲϵϡ

ǱũģҵˣҲ󡣡޼һ⣬Ĵ̡ľҲˣľ𣬸ǰȥºȡȡˮûֹ֪զ¶ء

ӴڰǷܴ˺߲ˣûǹ

СҲۣҾţܲǰ©ӶԲ֪˿϶зԣͲżˡ
޶ʲôֱء

ϳ뷹ᣬԹ̲סҪֶţù޵ĻֽŲɾ

һ·ˣſû찡ᣬ϶ȫ⵵£ĥŹ޴Ӧˣûͣһ־ӵسˡ

ܳ̾˿Ϊ˾Ⱥˣ֪һϻ˵ԵҲǸƣ

ţһҲˣʹ⣬Ҫסһ꣬Ҳ֧ģʹ´帾˶ʮֻСʮֻµĸܹһӡ

ϺͺϿˣȴֲȱǮαǮأһϼƣԺԷһԣȥǶһѾߣԷͲ÷ˣźá

ڹǰΪȣ˵ӢʲôûãӲ̫ùǮȻӹ̹һ㣬ź򲻺𣬺αԼҲĻš

ҲӣϺͺϲĽ֡
ˣҲ֪סһլԺǽû˸ߣʲôˡ

ôǱ˵£ǰҲ룬ɺദˣ־Ϊһ㣬һİԼģЬԼģԼ̵ģ޶ôӪԼСңεζжԷӰӡ

ǹǵӣܱˡ˽УĪ໰ԺĵطпգɨʰһͦģǱûطס͵Ĺֻס

ôʸûд˻ľóԵĴʡǮ

ĻֲˣãЩǾͻᡣ
ޣ֣ľ˴תת߰չôΪΡ




55.  ʮ С   ѧǶ

ϴͷжʮ, ӹûȻ϶ǱȲʢӺãԴ, ǰиԱѹ, ԱһûӸˡ

ְ꣬, ո˵ĶǺû, ûɶͣҲûйһӦþ͵ʢˡ

ųǶʮĽʿϼȢϱϻѾ, һӣﻹϼ, ߰ӻֵΪģ뽭Ϊ, пճԷ, ū澻Ի, Ұζ

ʮ꣬, Ϊοʹ, ԼĪΪꡣ
Ժ϶ŵģ޲Ŵͻǰǰ, ͷľ˶ʮľӣִӴ˲֣磬ȴһȥ

˵ˮС󣬻Ҳ֣С׺٣е˼޻ָᡣ
ϷᱱˣǱȽϳ˵ˣū澴̡

һʮǮָʳ׬ǮĶҪö࣬һĶвٸ
׬Ǯķӣʳ͢׬Ǯ뵽ķӾôһǰѽϵĶ˵ʢȥУ֮࣬ûǸ⡣

Ҫʳ⣬齴Ӻ͹ֳɵģѣһ⣬͸㹽࣬һЩ·ģԵĶһ͢ʿǳԣһָ߼ˣζΪʤ׬ǮýʿǳԺһ㡣

綬տͽӣֱӶϣʮһݣʮһݣûؼԼȥʲôʱԾʲôʱԡ
гõϲҩҲĥɷۣСװţؼһζͺһ

ĥɷۻõķй¶ȥһļ
֮⻹Ũ˾ϲøҲǣŨˣײ˶óԡ

뵽ľô࣬һһӷźãʹŴϳˣȥҽݣЩҩȥ˽ӻӣ˺ĸɻ

иϺϲˣɱиɱ㡣

˲٣칦ͻ˶ʮӣϸɻҩƵϸۣȻͿԵˡ

޻ȥɫѾӣˣҼҷ˵ɽϿ˲ӻܷһȥͻء

޵ؾˣ⼸æЩұ㲻ȥˣҷ˺ܷ˺ú

ѾȻˣ֪޲ȥҲû̫⣬ϵ޲ȥˣӲ߸
һͬʢͺѾߣպȲƣÿ飬Ҳ֪æʲôǶˡ

Щ˳ͺֻйǸʶ壬ˣͺҵġ
һŮˣϹæʲôװ˷ʱ䡣

ϲ꣬ؿóǺǿˣѽͲǲȥأȥͻ
ˣҲȥʵ

ϵ°ɣ˵Ůˣûʲô棬ƶ֪ͻô£ֻһͣĶװĶ


ϣʿɱۺϲĭζǹƤ˽ǸϣصľͨⷽӣŲˣٰСһеζõģⷴС

ˣлƶ㣬ŹǣÿСݣĸá

⣺ĶͦóԵģҾĸãõģҰҵģһ֣Ź㡭

޲ڴˣкǣԷɳԷɣԵ㣬ʲôʲҵϰÿһģҺʹѡóԵٺúóĸζá

ľͨϰֻҪϴɾˮУϰﻹднгɵϸ˿Ѿɹˡ

һһڣԲζǲ࣬ޣϰȥ

޵һЩȥӪ˳ҲеģҪζݹɹĥۣŷ㣬ζҲУĻˮ

һСǮ𿴼Ǯˣʵ׬ͷ
ΪĹ󣬱Ķ˶ǰֻǰġ
һüʮǮһͥһ굽ͷԲ˼⣬Ҳڲò׳һζȴһ㡣

ССģͨҲ
ϣһЩĥɵĸɷۣʣͽ˳ɱ

Ҫǲȥϰ̯رóԣɫ̰ףͷƮһ㵭ɫ͹ļһСлζر㡣
룬ȸһЩʹˣҴʮԺʿũ˾æÿͭ壬ٷססǰԺǡĻϳԸɵģϼһˡ

һٷͨϰռҲôԷһ٣һ٣ʹңͲˣһͭ壬Ҳǹٷס

޵ãԣҪζã
ûбζϰҪǸӪǮһռӪıˡЦЦ˿ŹǣŹζҲ

ʱһϣҲæû˳꣬ͣشسǵׯʼֵˡ

ֵظɻˮʱ򣬾ҲɱֻʡŸɻۿӡ
޾ʹŴڽֱ֧˸С̯ӣ̯Ա߹С죬дżǮһ롣

ֻⶼг飬ƮŻ͵ļζƮԶнس̯ͣλǰͷ߲·
ζ㣬ͷˣҪǼĶܳһھͺˡ

һӷ֪󣬺úõҲ㡣
ȥ˾䣬զġ

سǵһ룬ӵǮ
Ǯһ룬ǮҪǼҵϰֻǮ

չ޽̵Ļһһ˵һСϣôһ⣬Ĳ˵ζ϶ž֪ˡ
ӻ̵ϺüʮǮһֲֻһϰ˽ǹƤ

ÿһҪЩǮǮһСùһسԣӵζɱһζһȥ˸û㡣

ֻðѼˮͳɣлƾƵĻСȻϰӽȥһһʱͳɣ֣һȥɣü˳һٺ÷

ǮҪǲһζҿɻ㰡

񣺡ܵġ

޾ںͷϣӦϰæԼ׻ȥˣΣϰҪġ
һ磬˰˾ͻȥˣһ˶ʮ⻹ʣ٣һ׬˰ʮǮϰʮ׬˶ʮǮ

Ǯˡ
ǲ࣬ϰǮҲͶģ滹м˵ĴĩĩľǱ

ϰĸϽȥˣĸѾµˣֻ⼸һһֻ
ɱëС飬ˮ֮ϰһ⣬϶òΧˣӺζסء

ҪǲϰָͰѼ鳴˾УͷٷŲٲˣ˶࣬ⲻԡ
磬ͷӴСӵСӽ˵ĵһǣζǴǼƮİ




56.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ǿɲ, ɣֻһͿ, ӵĶϱȥµ, ڼιؼɶ, ˱, һһš

ԼĳյӵĻģİ
ŶӺһ£Ļ˭ģϴֳԷ

֣һͷӣһӣʣµһ˻ٶ, ÿ˻һ뼦ȣӵˮ, Ҳ࣬ȻǺŨζڽŵǸζ

ʣµļ, һֻ
ǿǸɻ, ˼, ϰڽģһôһֻ, Ҫҷ͵, Ĳǣ

Ҿ˵Ķ, ϰ

ǮһزɶأҲǮ

һ٣԰ҪǲϰɼˣĻǮ
ԽĻܲãʹǸͳˡ

ֻһһȥˣϰζôһأѵúܣ΢ǰļóһ㡣
û취ֻȥϰˡ

ľǼ飬˵һپһ٣һ㶼࣬ȥسǣϿɲÿóǺóԣǲûǮֲǰ׵õġ
ֻȥ̯Χ˲ˡ

û뵽ͻȻĲ࣬ʮһʱʮˡ
⿴Ž٣׻ȥһЩ

׻լԺˣã˲أūٻһЩ
޵ҹΪͷһ򣬾źóҲϰһεϰãԽˣٴһٰȥٻá

ȫȥȥӻʣܴܲӻǮȥһ׬һǮһҪٰǾжǮӣ׬Ǯǲ᲻

Թ緹޴ϳˣسǳӻӣȥǰȥǼңƣƹ񡣡

ƼλˣĺãҲãȻСҵȵȣСƹ

ƹûһ͹ˣ˵ң֪Ϊ£
޵һЩ֪ɷ񣿡

ӻĶ࣬ϵϺĶУҲзģ˵ǼǰѶͼȻӻǮСҶġ

ƹܿʲô𣿡

ްϰóϰһһֻģùԺζͲˣֻһǮϼǮˣǸЩֲõõġ

ƹʣۼΣ

޵ǮƹһǮⶫռطһЩãٹû

ƹ񣺡˼סδ

ޣԭ¼ҵլԺ

Աһұ֮լԺͿˣ£Ҳ֪ʲô·ƹĲ˽𽻶񣬼ͼɣǾöʮͲڱ

ĶĻƹʲô׬ͷ

ޣȻ
ԺǾͲóŰ̯ˡ
޺ƹǩ飬سֻԼӻݺݸǾͲˡ

Ҫùȥһˡ

¶ȷŷţǲġ

ֲŹ죬͵ĳɻɵûȣɵľãÿ춼ǮãٷһһͷһС보ײˣһ⣬ʱͷʱ׷
Ǹɺóˡ

ɱڼĳԵĺöˡ
Ҳǰֵز̫һũߣũ̧ˮһ߷һˣȻҡߵİ֣ǵעũ绹ڵʱҲע⣬Ȼһܲĸ

ũļ֪ôģö࣬һܲ¢ܹٶĶأʮˣꡣ
ǿʼ粻УʵʵÿбĽǶȣһģһ˲Ļء

Ķʡʱʡأ֪Ҫɶء
ģ̯ôõĶңҲá

ʿũ˾ĵֵıȱ𴦿죬ְֺ֮ķԸˮÿˮߵزͬһȣˮ࣬ͨѵĸˡ

⿼ǵĶ࣬࣬ȵ糤ˣ¶ࡣ߳ݼ䣬ⲻֻ֪ܾܲһԡ

ܳ⼸ҲУÿٷڳׯӳԵġ
ķŲþʱȥ졣

صǷˣǰȥȥƺɽһвס

ܳǣ˭˵أǻܣ˸Ǻڴ
ҲͰˣܳϲ˵

̾˿Լ֪Ͻ˵˵Ļģ˳ѹﲻ͡
Ϲɽˮģÿæµȴ⡣

Ҳף˶ǰ㡣
˲ԸȥϺͺȻܲ벻ףͿʼɹʿũ˾ÿ쵽ʲôģһٷڼãæʲôأ

ص£Щ

ϵôͲܴˣ㲻Ը˵ҿˣҲæ֪ʿũ˾£ҾͲ֪𣬻ú˵

üʵͷְۣ˰üģʲôء
ϼˣҺ˵ҺҸƵطһ·۳ͶٳԿۣȴ˵Һô죬ղżңܹ𣡡

ĿɿڴǰԸԸͬ׿ڴӦģ֮˵ʲôæÿȥɽˮ˵£ҪģԻÿǱˡ

صǰԸԸ˵Ը⣬Ϊ˹£˽£Ȼ˵ˣҾͺ˵˵Ѿ߰ǰԺӴɨãסÿջʳӣҲģأʲôÿղȥɽȥˮ㻹˼˵Ƶط

ϣԸϣǾͻȥƳһϲҰ׵ɫתš
ԺӲСӣбӿסˡ
ͶϹˣֻ֪ΣԲȳԲÿۣܲȥغãɱҡ

ϿһϣڶæȥҺϣ˵ϲͷǣңôǺõģһأһûá

ؿڣο˼䣬ﲻɵغ£һ飬ÿճ˳Ծ棬Ϊչ˷ӵġ
ÿȻȥɵȷΪˣ˳ӣͷ翴ġ

ϵǵȷǰˣ㲻ˣҲò̫Զ

ˮôͲˣǵǺõûѧЩôѧģã֪ʹʲôֶΣض˵

ס죬ˣ˵ʲôأ

ҲȰˣǷˣɲܸŷ裬ˣǸѾԺ͸ðɣҷ˵ԲĲˣҽۣͲȥˡ

ֲɵӣ⻰˼˶ɵˣȺϺ͹ߵýˣǹԮˡ




57.  ʮ    ѧǶ

뻹Ȱ, ϾҲмա֡ʲôߵҲûӰ쵽, ʲô, ʲôôʱִ, ˵仰, ͻʢˡ

ϺһͬȥģԼȥô£Ĩ˰ᣬͷ
ִûôӰص;ԹѹֻǾùްͷ, ôɨǰԺ˵Ǹ, ϶æģһ˰ˣ֪

ⲻӦ໥, Ů, ʲôǵġ

, ܷ˵öԣ˹޶ûô, ܷ˲ȥ, һҲû˼ǰֺü죬ÿڼ˵, ǳղؽˡ

ڹҲѧԼڼҲЩȤʱܳæ
æˣʿũ˾ûôؼҲһЩ
ǰƳȥ̴ء

ܳû£̴㲻Ҳǣˣ֪ʱ󷹸˳ԡ

ϲصɴ۾˳ӣѰӻأ
˵ҲѰӣãǳ͢٣Ȼ󷹡

ֺܳ˵ĵײ˺þܵ˵ˣĲ˻ͦóԵģҲá
ܳȻϣһ֮ĭͬʹ࣬ƼˣҪķˣȻҲһ㡣

˶ûҡܳȴͨģԺ֣ǶطˣҲȥǶˣԺҲ檡
ⲻͲɡ

ǹ£˽µʱҲ˵ЦȥԸƣȥˣˣⲻȥǰȾƶǮģڱκһ˾ӡ
Լϰ˷绨ѩ·곡Ϸ㣬Ÿѵá

ԣΪʲôС

ؿܳﺬ⣬˲۽ǣܳЩ޴룬ôˡ

ϵͷҲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦĸŮϣԼɷ檣˭ԸͱŮ˷ԼķһֱˣΪߣҪ󷽺˳ԴŮҲҪһͬʣΪ֦ɢҶãôϹҲˡ

ϴûôһ죬ǻѻܳ˵ƭģҲԸš
Ǹˣ˵ò֪ôźãϿܳǰǽ⣬־Լûӣܼң֪ôȣ̲סǰȥ˷ǳ޳޵˯š

ܳĺϵļ򣬡ίˣԺѧɷ򡣡
ѧȻǴǶѧٳǰġӼȷкܶŵ㣬治ең۰ˡ

ܳó谮ʣ۰
ʱʱ̿ţ˵ҪԺϺãÿЩʱԵԣŹ޵ϲãˮԷһƽ
ҲΪӺʹųһġ

Щ˵ˣܳﳨˣˣ󷹰ɣѧһЩҲкôʡųʲôᣬǲ֪ļ£ÿԼҺؾ͸Ŵԡ

ϲɵЦˣˡ
룬ǳ˹޵ˣԺԶ㣬͹˵˵ɡ

⣬Ȼ֪á
ܳǽйȥȻƣûȥһûǮԽȷֵطһ˿˿棬֪ȥȻƣԺ󶼲

Ϊ˵֮ģɲԼȥҲ᲻ùѹ

³ʿũ˾ĵؾˣٶĶˮ˵ӣʣµĵ˸޻
õȼ̫һɹȥˣֱ˳С꣬ȵڵ

ˮ磬߻׽ݣģֵصĻͿЩáû£˵з磬ŵ

ûôɵģںѧз̬ϵͳ
ˮԸзڹ⣬ȵ糤߻ܸзṩȻı񴦣úзܵкзͨˮĸϵβ棬һܸˮʩʡ

ʱգзҲǮ취УصİҲôֵء
ȻûչúãҲһʡ⼸Ȼᣬȴµģںܶ϶з㡣

ʿũ˾ĲҲһݣЩȽձ飬ˮҲУûдꡣ

дĶǹֲӣʳķӣдĺԺҪЩͰũߣصĲҪũߣԴӳ͢ǮҲ󣬵ȻҲԹٸȻͷա

ٸҲиţҲãῼũߵġ
Ӿÿ¼״γ溦Լ¼з״

ץʱϰӻ̶ʮ칦ˣƹټĻһֱӳǧ
ӻ̲ǮһһǧҲ׬ʮӡ

룬ݸʮݣÿʮأҪǶ̸⣬׬ӲŶء
ȥÿ¾Ǵʴʵӡ

޴ִһ㣬Ƕܼǣÿ¹мǧӡ
æµҲУȥ˸سǣطǵ

ʢֺ֣֮꣬ã˼ֵĶǻʼСһš
ֱ꣬͢ĶҪã͢ũҵĻʿũ˾ȫǶڻĴڣʿũ˾ũߣҲ׬Ǯ۲ûйܹʿũ˾Ǯ

òó⣬òϽɣͳͳá
۷⣬˸ģǸ̰ƵģйΪ룬ЩԵ÷ѵá

ʿũ˾һ׬һǧǮǧũǮ
ЩǮ˿ܿϣԳк·ԶǸˡ

ʿũ˾Ǯãʿũ˾׬ǮԼ׬ǮˣѮһ⣬ⱨϲ
ⲻڣӻǰͰ࣬ÿռ¼ʳ״ֵأĶôӣе˻ʩʣ͵ˡ

Ļ˵ͽпѧɣպмѭֵذտѧķǶǿѧҡ

ĶĿһȡ

һѹأǾգˣǾϲϲûߣǾ֤ʿũ˾ȥһæµ״ˣԼĵĶٶ٣˾ǸЩ֣Ķûȥ־ûá

ʲôʼСһŶţûԼҵʵڣԳ·Զʿũ˾ƽվǴȥׯӵְֽũߣֵأν͡

ʾôˮˮװˮ׽һҪڿ죬ֲܵģԼڿ죡

Գк·Զͣí˾ϸϣǲڣһӡ
ۿŵҲ͡

ͽճɺõǰ¡

£ůˣϷ羰˲ɽ̤ĹС㣬Լ٣Ŵ޳ȥתת֮ݸ֮ûȥתׯڵæȥ羰ɢɢģڡ

޿϶˵ȥЩԥȵȵȰɣڼңЪЪҲá

ŹޣŹɫ̫ԣôˣǲ岻
Ķ˵䡣




58.  ʮ ϲ   ѧǶ

˵»û, ˡ
µ׵ģ³ˣСӻû, һ׼, кˡ

Լʲô, ˵׼, һˣ·ϵԼڡ

һʱûӦʲôû޳סյˮȣ, ʵûֵôƽ

иӵģӼ޸, ֻǿµԲҲĸ, һֱûҲ
ֻԼȰԼ, ˵²ǿ, ʱģû, Ǿû֡

ûȥҽ, ԼµģҲ˲´ˣҲԼ, һ׼ûеĻ̫ʧ

ǷӦˣ˵Ƴ٣Ϊк𡣡
޾ǰ컹ǸҲ֪ǲǣСһֱͦ׼ģⶼˡ

Ĩ˰Ц̫ŵޣԼԼٺ٣Ҫˣ⻹û׼ã⻹ͦġ

ް˸ۣ⻹ҪԲһؾкˡ

ԹɵЦ죬Ȼ͹޶磬˳ȻȻҪģŶʮҪˡ

ʱ磬ЩʮӾˡ
ⲻôӣԼĨˮҲͦãأչһЩùЩ

˹ֵⲻǺʸʱӾ̤ŹأΣյúܡ
ޣĶðôա
ʱĲС

ްοôѽٹЩȥҽݿôûеĻ͵»¡

˵ܶӶǾһҵģе㺦¡
ȴû̫⣬ӹģŮӣеĻҪü죬գԼĺӣѪŨˮĹ⣬Ҳֵˡ

ͷʱȥҽݣȥʴʲôҪעĵطбġٺٺ٣Ժ㣬أġ
ûԹҲܣbܶڲ죬ʲôûС

޵˵ͷܵܣһϣǿģۣȴµġ
ܰǷϣǸ˵ġ

ͷһȴ£ޣǲǲ˵֮УҪҪߴǣǸ߰ɣСĵ㣬µȿ˵ԺҪűӴ˯ˣĸ¡

ⲻŵĻĶаҪĳȣЩ⣬˭֪أСζӡ
⻹ǰǰ㣬ӾԼĺӣֻǺӵĸףڲһˣ˵ĹѪϲ֮˵ĺӡ

磬ⲻ̫ģȹ˯Լȥһҽݣϴ˵е˳ʳҪע⣬ٳ亮֮ܾ˶

ʣǲǲ̫ܳడȻ̫˲
ϴ⣬ò׼֣ͷͨռϱУֻ²ԣĶᵣĳԵ̫࣬˵ˣӣƽúܣĶصҽʡ
ǼǮֿӡ

Ķǿغӣǿعޣ򣿡

ϴźӣٳһЩкôģ̫󲻺ƽն߶̥λĻоõŻῴиӣһ־̥λ

ְѲܳԵĶҲΪǡ֣ŤŤҲûʲô
⿴СӣԥҪҪʱ֣Ҳ̫ˣȲϹдʮ֮һҪԺӳô̵ӡ

رԶһ붫һ
ϴ򣺡зɽ髣֮

зڵ˲з磬׼з˺úóһٵģϴ˵зܳԡ
ҲԺˣŹޡ

ϴ˵з˶Ŀ죬һٳЩԼ٣ʳ嵭һͺãҿҾƽԾС

Щܲзϴ˵ǰ̥λȣòҪͷѹ˶ӣиӴ˵㣬ף·ݴˣϻ᳤ƣǲϲϷҩ࣬Ĩһ㣬Ͳ᳤ˣӷģ̥á

ҩ࣬Ĩ˵ڱţûʲôҩζ
ϴƼԼİ̥ҩӿԴŷϷз˺Ƶ˵ҩ

лˡ

ҽݣڽ˵۽÷ӣ޿Գԡ
ԼԼҪˣľͶ࣬Ĺޣĺӣѹֶ˵һ꣬ǾʮţھͿʼǳˡ

ǼŹСӵģ죬в²⡣
˵»˵׼Լڼ֪ˣҺܼҲ˵

ͷзִģԺҪע¶࣬ݸ֮һϲ¶

ҪСˡ
֪ŮокŮãƽҲŮģкŮõġ

Ϣʱ޻ƽһţ˯棬˯棬ڴϣرԶ


̵ôˣҪˮǶˣ
޵ôôԶ˯ֲѹңôԶʲô

˯ͦʵģѹȻǲᣬ˯ǰʵƽ޲ڹϣÿϾ㲻Ҳȥڹ޻ˣ϶һ˺ӣ°ԼŪŹӲҲû취¡
ⲻ֪ô˵ԣŹ޵һ

޲ˣʱʤ

ʵҲ˵׼ûУûʲôӦʹǰ࣬óԳԣ˯˯Ƴ٣ûκԤס
ҪŪˣôѽ

ûù޵̫ãһͻشˣðҲ̼죬Ҳͦõġ

ûóѣµףȥҽݣϴϲһЩ⣬ԼСϵĶ˶ԣûʲô롣

·ݻǳҲһ££Ǻӳúã׾ܳ
Ҫߣ·;ңԶ϶ǲܻȥˣҺʢûʲôҪ£ҲǴġ

ҽݣ˵дŰɣǱ߾͵ȹ˵ɡ
ʮ壬ǣҪ׼ˣЩĵģϻźݸǣ˲

ǰº͵ģ濴һ飬ִͷһ飬Ȼֿһ飬Ҫùˣ
ϲʤֽ޻ţȥׯ˲ӡ

ڹ޻е£沢ӢᾸиŮӢһֱӡ
֪ˣˣأǸְĸףҲǸõ游

޵Ļ£ʵϻûͣһֱѧЩ»ǵԼֻҪã¾Ͳˣ˵ˣֳأֲǹһˡ

ϲû취ͶңӢ棬һҵ棬Ϊ棬ͷ˵ĭӾܸˡ

ޣʲô취һ취ûС
ӢһĶƫǱȥˣΨһֵҵǣⲻϡЩȻᾸ֮λܱܲסһ¡

޲ʢЩԺӢҲˡ




59.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ѧ, £û´漸䡣

Ҳ, Ҹ, Ļ»Լţ

ЦЦؿһۣԿ
Ͳ˵, Ҳ, úúɩӼʲôȥ

ӿ϶٣òȾɫģгԵģҩģֻҪõĶĹȥ
滹֪ŮӴҲùõһ⡣

, ŰѶߣӢʣֳûд𡣡
ûС

Ӣһʧ
Щ, ԥ˾䣬ֳ, Ϊ, Ϊֳӡ

Ӣ˵ȻΪ, ǲԶĻôҲ˵ڣʲô, Ҷ, ǰҲϣϽ

Ȼ𣬸ֳֻ֪˹٣ȴ֪ôù١ֳȥׯӺ, ԼֵأɩӴ⣬׬Ǯź컹ҪˣЩжǲĶ

ֳڻֵأȴתˣɼҪӣҲ֪ΪԼֳֳֵֵСˣҲҪˣ϶һ

ĻӢܴ֪ԼôȥģҲ֪Ϻ˵ʲôڣףιϵ˾ǶˣصĿܡ

³ĵĶˣвӣõӤЬӣн׹ӣȫǼ
ްſ꣬ͷ˵Ļ²õģϲΪѣȥģȺ˵Ҳݸǡ

˵ͷһصùãᾸҲкӣȴǲǲһġ
ްպãصξͷϻϸˣЩС֮ġ

·ǳҲûʲôӦ֮󣬾Եðʱ᷸ġ
¸Իӱƽʱ˵㣬Ϳʼÿ޶ĨҩͣʱԼŪһŹ޵һ»ȥˮ衣

£Ļ˵зˣⲻң޻УԼܾˣѹòҲܾˣ粻
µףѾģѴöϺȻܿó޶Ӵˡ

ǰдԣ˵岻ãһֱûӡ
ϺҲûӣǱȹ޻ء

Ϻܳ⼸·ǢҪһֱϣ϶ϻ

ǰθڲãΪǿģԼһ˼ȥҽݲ֪ϲˡ
˺ӣϻϲò֪ôźãҲʮָˣҲˣ͹ôǵ¡

ķˣ²ı䣬е˶ǰ㣬Ҳͦõģȥ棬Լ˾ͳɣǰڼҲгò

Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ĳãÿۣ֪ҲͰˣϳҲ̫Сˡ
˺ӣΪӻҿ϶ú̥İɡ

ϵļ򣬡ǰҺϡ
ЦЦôᣬҷǺ׽ˣ˵ʲôҶġ

ҲУֻȰԼҪ¼ҲܳҲûоԵûοݸǣҲãʢ֮С

ܳô˵Ҳˡ

ȣҲ㣬ϷЩʪñϸʪԲˣԼӣͷ˲ųתת

ʱҲȥͷׯӿķ紵һƬ̣ߵĺӴ˶µ׽棬еĽȥСȻŵֱУɶз

з綼ˣаȭͷڵȥץĶǳǵݣеܵܣãС꣬ʮˡ
зˮҲˮ

ѵֽŸɾ㣬Ƕҵģǲã˵ˣˣһ˿һؼҡ

ûˣӶˣһ󣬺ܹʵׯڰʽܿĵӲǼĺá
һƬˮĶٶʮ࣬ׯںƬЩ۲ҵôзھôˣʮ·ݣǵö

ĵҲô֡

ٶӰճɣ⼸ͷɹʮգųһ鶼ڵｽˮ
ˮˮ㣬ȵļʿũ˾ȥų̈ˮ

Ǹмһ̨ˮһӣھҲôǮ͢ðչúðʱŴžͻۿⲻ֪ôźãˣⶼӦģҲǸù٣úøɣպǰ;

һסˣʲô˼Ѳɻؾ֮󻹻Լ䡣

㣬٣Ҳǰ׵ģʿũ˾ǿ⣬˭һţһڳйԮųܰȻò

ļ򣬡ذдˣǵĸ

룬°⣬ϰյĸ
ݸ˳طȴ̫ãٳʮ꣬ûһ̫ׯڵ˲١

ô꣬ˮҲãĸˣֻܵͣˣܾȾ;ȾȣҲû취

£ݸҲûôˡ
޶ĸ£΢΢ĳһ㣬Ѿܿ죬ܶڷȻʵòȥ

·æθڲþû˵Ҳʲô£ƽ黹ͦأ޲ΪЩ¾
θҲö٣粻ߡ

ÿͷɹţЩƤȴûˣθҲãһˡ
Щæº˹ޣҹ޻أܣԷϲĽһͦģʲôû˵

ھεͬʱеô˵أûа
һͷ˻û˯ĳŲΪΪ֡

Դ˲Ż롣
ˣеۣﲻʲôæǹһܵġԺӵʱʲôˡ
˵Ҳˣ־ȥˣһ֪

ɻ󣬡ӣˣ㵣Ҳʲôңһæ껹ͦ۵أĶпʲô
زףŮҲûӶ࣬ǸС˺ӸأĶᱧԹࡣ

Ҳˣ˺ӿɸˣһ䱧ԹĻû˵ȻΪˣ˭ŮӲɶżģְﲻʲôҲȥ

˺һˣ˶ô룬檣дͻݵչ˺ӣС꺮ůҡ

ޡ
һȥɣҲø˵ʲôǸӣһѵ͸öĶչ𣬿˴أ˸
ϴ˵˵

˯ᣬһˣҲۣôˣ

޵ȥȿˮû¶
⣺ȥá

㶣ˮ˰뱭ԼеģƽҲۣϺúϢ
ѾСˡ




60.  ʮ    ѧǶ

ǰŪˡ

ֲǲ˯ҪҪ

޺ˮ, ɤӲˣɺãҹ, Ͼ͸˸С̺ӡ
޵Ķ, ˵ĸºӾͻᶯӰ᲻㣿

ҡҡͷ, û, ͦԵģҹ϶
ⱧףæൣЩæ־ˣҪˮ, ͽң˯, ࣬´㡣

û˵Դ, Լһ˿, ܾ͸˵, Ҫһӵģɱ鷳, ߾ۡ, ܰһҾ͸ˣҲŶˣŶӴ˲ÿ, ҿţҾúÿĺš˵Ҫϰʮˣһӣһò㿴ˡ

еƣ֪ġ

⣺֪ʲôѽ֣ܺҰȥڼҲģԺ˵˵òãȻĻʲô˼

޵˵ͷԼеɵҹʲôţ˵ʲô˵

˵˻˯ȥһ磬ߵ˵㣬ׯӲ벻ˣܳϱûУȥ¡

˵ĻȥˣʱҲ˵췢ʲô˶ٷ˼ȦﺢӶ˶תʱ˭мӡ

⺢ӵǹԣط˲ҲƽʱԶ˵˵Ϊզദ𣿡

ɶûУˣզӵģҲȡȡɶġ

޵ôƽҲܷǳתת
·ݱСһ£˰ɣҲ߶

⣺Ǿˣȥʴ򣬹ŹҪסɣҪǸ˭ҽ͹ȥ

Ҳһ㣬Уôȥʡ
ͷС˹ȥԺ߶߶Ժӵʱ

˵Ų£ʵҲµģӾǾһ϶۵ģ߶ãŹҲġ

޿ˡ
̥Сģͷ²ҳţզ̥ԵҲ࣬ԻʱӾͦҲԲһȦ

Щûϳ

һĸԣŶӣŹ޵˵ͷˣþò

޶ӿ££˶Ӳ󣬹üˣ⻳мˣ

ЦЦĸˣ٣˰ɣ⻳Ҳûֶѽ

޵ÿնԺ߶Ҷ죬еĻÿտԶԼ٣ÿٳһ㣬Ȼ̫󲻺

û뵽޻˵⻰ͷ˿ӣҲ̫󣬲·ݴ󣬶Ӹ࣬ϻʶǲǾúûĺòô˵תһ룬ֲǳԲαС֮ĶȾ֮

ˣǲǵٳԵ㰡Ǿöӳ˵㡣

ֲǴ򣬾ҽֹغҲңȥҽݿô˵ġ

ϰһǸлѽ
زе£ûе޴롣

ޣ˳ֵ¡

Ҳ˵ȥҽݴô˵ģ쿪ʼҲԺˣʱ޻ЦŴкڴǰЩ޲֪ҲɵɵԼ˵

ﻹЩˡ

ʱһεˣа±سǵĵӵ±缸Ϳʼˣζһ㣬޾ƹȥһ㡣

ˣܱȥͷ⣬ⶼƹܵģϰǮһȥܶǮ׬ĶģһǮܸʮġ
ƹ񶨵ļǮģһ׬ǮۣⶫǮߣҲ׬̫࣬׬

ÿҲ׬ٶӣίʵˡ
һŴ⡣

зˣϾͿԳȥˣٶĶĵȫзȵӸ˾գ⿴зͦġ

ĵѾˣһܳѾҴ˺üзˣһû
ЩģⶼˣĶ˼ѽҿҲС

ҲǸָз׬Ǯء
ʿũ˾ģзҲǣýԺһ㡣

³ˮũյҲ죬칦Ӿˣ˵ĵӷԺɹţȻ󳤹ֿʼæззһֻһֻץзôз

һ¨һ¨зֱõسȥзʵʱһֻصĻġ
зⶫ¥ģһʮǮһָ

⿿зʿũ˾׬ǧӣܳû뵽зô׬Ǯһ
ǧӣֲܵʿũ˾˾˻û¡

ڽÿһзһϻ±⡣
ԼǶĺϻ±⡣

ܳÿʮӣϻ±⣬ԶʢԳ·ԶҲУһ˶ʮӣ±ҲУ˵Ľȳӣûġ
Ǯ׬ģзûöǮģ˵ǮҲû˵

ЩǮֻ˶ʣµĶʿũ˾ǮԺڹ궼нģȻںСǮ̫һΪɵúòǮģΪġ

˽ؼҵĳÿǮȥһзһ⻹а˰ٶͭ塣
ÿն⣬ԵĻ׷ͷ԰סĶôõĻ

֪ģзϹ죬ƬˣζûϹԵĺء
Ъһ죬Ǿ͸ŻȥˣڼҳԵֲãһˣûׯء

һֱˮɹɣɹ룬Ȼֱϳơ
ٶĶˮĶʮ
ˮĶʮʮĵӣӵģʣµϲȥʢΰš

ׯҪεʱץסֻ©˵зζҲǼõġ
ѮصĶˣ˰һʱ֮˳͢ˮĲţ۳û˼̰٣鷿һӣδſ

ڵʢصĶ뿴ûиȥׯȥĶپʮׯҲٰʮ࣬۲ô࣬ʢľ֪ˡ

ʢû𣿡ʻ顣

˲ػϣδٵӦþͱˡ

ۣôôٳǵĶˡ
ֵһ죬ʢűҪСģûʿũ˾ġ

һϲ⣬۰סеļУѹʵˣж١

ӣ۷СĶʮ
ȥ껹˵㣬ʿũ˾ׯӣĶȻپţԼׯӣĶߣİٳ˵ͷͷһĶ߹İٽ

ŵ䶨ŷطӣĶٽﵽʮﲻȣʢһ˦ʮ
ǺģûҳݸǵӣˮĶٶʮʿũ˾ݵʮش˰࣬ûа״

ղǳԲ𷹣Բ滹кǣܳԴװ˭Ժ棬أ˭ԺһЩ
ԣʿũ˾ֵĶӣ֮ʳ
˴󹦣ʿũ˾˴󹦣ֻһˣҲôá

⣬׼ͣȴûڻǰ˵û£ӣϷܳһ·ˮ࣬Ķһٶ

꣬ÿ֡
ϲǷǣüģҪǶ༸˾ͺˣŵȫٰͰ빬

ջģһ·ӱ޻ûЪͱٽˣЩΣڵȷ

ʱͬһ۰۸˿֣ܳλ俴˭ȥʣ
·Ϸˮ࣬Ǳֲߣտ಻ԣ֪һѱ֣̿½

˵ݸܳǺܽ
˵ͷĲ˵֮ģһΪ룬ȥǷĵġ




61.  ʮһ    ѧǶ

ȥ۵ȷ, ֻ£ܲΪֵֵĺþȥ֡

г֮Ǻ¡

۵Ϊִ󳼣ǰܳ, ּ, Эȣ֡
ԶˮȲ˽, ֻܾͽ, ͢˰ڸǵԷҪ·

кֶ
֮󻹻ȴǰﲻʲôæġ

ٰΪս£֮ССʮ, Ӯ٣֮ص˲ٷ, ץ޽ǽٹʮ꣬ǿʢЩ, ӱ񻹻ù

˼Ĺ͡
ݳ, һտຮ, ԵҲ٣ëѪ, չŲ, һ̡

۵аգʹ˳ߡ
ׯӾжʮĵ, ӣټϺ߲㹻ʿǹˡ
ط˰ֻӣã˵

Щף񣬡ּ

鷿ؼʰ񣬾Ϳӱޣʥּǰܳǣµ·̣ѹ˰죬ȵݸţȻȥذ
ʹˣϰ죬ҹݣۣëַˡ

ڲŵվ˵⣬ֻЭͬݸݣ鲻࣬ǵöܼˡ

ͷɫף˾䣺үӿɺã

ǣЩΣëˣΪʱްͷˡ
Ϊ鷳һȥҪЩʱգңʳģ֣Լ߳˾鷳ˣʱعԱġ

ҡҡͷΪأøдţ˵һġ
ûʲôµģȻдˡ

ֲÿǿдѾˣдţһƪûһÿ֣ϲǰҲԼõġ
⻹дˣдԼҪȥɶڲֶ˹޼䣬˵õ

дţûӿЩͻȥٹվסһϡ

ΪĹҲͰ°ˣίʵûϵݸǵʳ˰졣
طѱգ˵¶⻹һϵ

һ֣̿챨ȥģǿ̫ߣͷͱһЩҲͶʮȴûôʳ

ͷۣҲǿˣզ죬ֱӱȥͷ˻ᴦġ
û⵨ӸҲû°ѹȥ

Ķ뵽ôһССͰԼˡ
⸺ˣһȥܳǣѾͣˣ³ﺮ컹ġ

ͷܶӶˣסɽϣ䣬ܺĵطûУ־ûκΰ취ֿ
Ͱ˵˼䣬Ѿ͵ˮнϣֹס

ļ򣺡⼸ˣҲȥ

Ӧһͣϡ

ҶӶˣ⿴߰Խܣسô죬޻УȴţڷûУôһ룬ľһһء
ֻһĶȥպ·ҲԴ

ڼоţļѾµˣֻĸ׼ųˡ

ⶼ¶ʮˣʮҲˣʮˣ֪ʲôʱŻ
ⲻڣʿũ˾Сض˹ܣһȥҲ֪ȥˣûӣǱ֣Ҳͦյģһ

غݺݵһۣ˵˵ʲôأ˵ͱ˵

ֱڿ죬ǲ˵ĻҾʢϷӡֻů羰续־֪ϷˮƵ
ҲǹңҳӣȻ࣬һ⡣óһǧӣ˵˲ڣǱҶӴҲ㣬տЩ
Ҫϻ˵ֻͨ͸١

ϼ򣬡㲻ģ˶أͺúðѺ

ϵͷ׵ġ
ţ˵Ҳȥʣ̲ס룬Ǹ˰

¶ʮģžͿˣһͷ˸кǸˣ⼸춼ͦõģ㲻ҺܷҲչţİɣ
룬æ֪ܵ͹޷׷ǹʵģɶҲͼù֪ûлӰɡ

лͳø̻ȥ

ݸ˵ԵģǱߵľջǳӣ޵ԣæˡ

²ˣҲЩҲ˵ݣǶӴˣԵݡ

޶Ӷ´ˣ˯ѣ־ϲʱģôң

޻˯ö࣬ÿ˯˯һʱʱǰģŹ˯˯ãϴһ̺ӣ°Щ⣬ԲԲģϺһ⣬˯ﶼЦŵģƻһ³ţҲû顣

ͷһؾиҲͦãҪӣǾеܴڽӴܱ

Թ˵Ҹջûһ˯žû㣬ʲʣҸˮ
޵ͷ˱ˮ޹ཹཾͺˣ꣬úÿ⣬һԶţ۵ĶˣһƬɫ°һȦ硣

ס𿴣һ㶼ÿ
һϴϴڿ̫ˣܵԱϴ裬ݹ޸ͷŹ޵ĶӣʱʱһڣžǶ⿪´ڵûкúͿҩ͡

ԲԲĺܹ⻬⸽һڣڼңûУ

Ҳ֪ô£Ͱôɵɵغͺ˵ﺢֲشֻĴͣˡ

̧ͷ۾ģѽ

һ㡭˵Щʲôء

Ŀڣϣҳȥ£޶ģǡ

ˣ޵ײƵģЩֻϲ˵ĳС˵ġ

һ¹޵Ĵ۾ȫǹޣʢ˼Ͱ⣬ӻ㣬ָܣ޵ĳ嶯Ҳ㣬Ҷˡ

ǰӾ翴Щ̨ʲô˼ˣ½û취㣬û취㡣

⻰ʲô˼Ϊӵֻߣپ͸˹޺ӣپͲһֱŹޣֱǽѡ

ĺ󱳣Ҳ֣Ҳģ㲻ڼңҾͺͺ˵˵ʲôʱ֪ģҪȻҲš

޸оЩʪͱ˵뵽ʿʮҲиĸ޶ҲңǸһЩţҾ;ûôѰˣǵ޶ôġ

ô룬ͺΰ
ȻЩʫʺᣬȴҲ޵ǾóʱڳĺĺȻҲΪȻ޿ɲôࡣ

ʱҲѵãӲ̫һڹӡУӶ֣ƽһġ
ⲻһ




62.  ʮ    ѧǶ

Сʤ», ˵˺һȵ÷ʱһ, ·ϳԵĲ, һٿɳ˲١
ڶӴˣԵĴ, ֻ˰뷹

·ݴ, ϻкܶ಻ĵط׽ףһֱ뷽㣬ҹ˯һͻѣӴ·Сġ
ˣʱȻ
ۣЩ޲˵

һ߰, ӱ˲٣Ժ, ǻһΣӾʹϸˡ
ӹ̫ˣˡ

̾, Լ, ôʰ, ڵˣҹҲ, Ȱѱϡ
, ů˻ѣù޽ʢ̫һ, ҲһʢǸ䣬ʪ䡣

ûл𿻣վԵ¶ʮȣ룬¼еģܵˣ޲УҺԺܲ䡣
߶Ǻι͹һ£ܲԼ

ǹιĻҹҲæùһš
޲ԸιĻǾԹ޵˼Ϊ

һ߸ȣһ߰¶˵ˣĻӸһ㣬ҾͻȻ뵽ģҪôѰš

ʵ޲̫Ըֵģֻʹˣ˵ʱ֪£׽ֵ֣ӦǾ仰̾
ֲˣҲЩ¡

ֲǱˣǸҲõӾţСӸǰҲ˵ϻģѾ٣Ͳ̫ϲźԼĶܵԼŴ㡣
ҲԼģĶ׽ˣ˵дչˣ

ˮã¡
޵Լιͦõģҹһ㣬һԱʱ֮裬׵ģŸɾġ

ЦЦУڣĺˡ

˯ţڻˣ˵Ͳз˵˵ž˯ˡ
ͷƣŹ޵֣룬޿϶֪˺ӻʲôӵأ֣Ȥ

ÿ춼ӣ˹Թɵغûӣ֪ʲôء

ʮ£ϵҶӶˣܳ׼źϻؾ٣ɶھͺãûУܳؾ꣬ٻ

ߣɵģҲˣܿ죬ʢǱҺ֣չ
Щ˼ǰͷ˵Ϸ̫ѾߣؼУЩ²ܰͻȥɡ

Ҳû㣬չҲģ⣬̫ѹ

Щ棬Ǳ߾û𣬵ȵʮһ£ǱҲû˹ϾͲЪº˼ˡ
ҺӢ߶Ӣ֪е¶أңһŮĶô档

̾˿þḻȥǶһˣһЩˡ
飬޼ˡ
ڶ߸ˣµ׾Ͱ˸£˵ʮ»̥һ䣬ɴ˵޻ãԺû̹

°ˣ򲢲Ǹ˼ЩΪԵĲãºҲ󣬷˲ġ

ԷģӿͺãҲġ
ôʹߣۼֿ˸ϴһֱѣЦŵ°ɣһ⣬ʹˣҲ㡣

ϴѲֻ£»ĪҪˣҽ֣߱ЩϷġ

ͷذͳȥԶŻȥҲżϾҪⶼ㣬޲а˸Դܼ˵Ļ˿Ҳ

ѾסڼˣǰԺԺкüţҲ֣Сӿ϶ƽƽ

᷿˿ŲٶǼҹţõĶպСõģҲ䣬ûʢô䣬ϰ˵Ҳã̿ǲȱģϺõ̿ÿնͷԱʱ֮衣

Ǹģǿҳִ󷽣ִʢģҲ˵ʲôֻ˿ºӣܴǮȥ

ʮһ£ÿ춼ĵģȻÿ춼ȥ޵ĶӣԼԴ̥λӿ϶˳Ȼģȹ䣬һնŲĵġ
ﺦ£һȥæӦˡ

³˽ڣһ࣬ʮǹ⻹⺢ӲһɣûС
һֱ¶ʮߣŷ

ҲžŸ£ס񣬱Ź޽˲˵˼仰Ӷ۵ģͷģŵģŴ֪𣿡

ʹͷ֪֪

Ҳ֪Ӿһ̤Źأ۵죬ȴһڣʣµĻ꺢˵ҵǡ

ＱĲУⶼʲôʱˣϧ𣬲ܵ꺢˵ҪҪˣ
ˣȥɣأְﲻʲôæʲô֣ˮɴ׼𣿡

ͷ׼ˡ

ߵǰһˮЩÿڿ˼ָŻ¹ʢģӴ󣬿ҧʹ˵˼䣬ˣҾ࣬ҵģôôҲű𺰡

޵ͷ˵šġ
ֻۼˣȹڿĹ̫ͷ춼ֻۣŵĻʹʹͺ

ͷţ紵ţһ㶼о䡣

һԺϴҲ̤ʵе㺦£ϻָ޺ĺһˣأָ䣬һҪƽ°

δʱʱʱһӤޣһǻ̰סˣû°ɡ

ҡҡͷֱĳԵ׼ãŵǮӵѡ

׵ͷ˷ģЩеģˣˡ

ſڣ˻ûôûܲܽȥ

ûʲôҲˣŵҲֻ߶

ֻö꣬ڣųһס⣬ϲˣϲˣĸƽͷ̫䣬Сɴ￴š

ʱˣأȻҲǹûԹ˵ţȻͻ£ſ˸С˽ȥ

ţˣѪأȥİ

⻹ʲôϱӻ档
СرźӣƻָģһŲӣһźڻ죬һͷͷʪմڶͷϣ۾ȡ

ۣǰЩǵ۵ʱǰڣڲź˵㣬㡭˵˲Ҫ

۵ò֪ôźãָ޲Ҿͽ㣬һóԵģˣˡ

Թ˵ôһֵã۵ʱ򿴼ԼԼԱ߾Ǳ˯СˣǿССèһͷܺڣͰ͵ġ

ڴߣ޶һ㡣

޼ѵؿڣô𡣡

֪ӶӳʵһҲó󣬵ҲϰˣǸ㿴ӺͦģҲССġ

ϸҲеÿġ

룬㲻ÿզأˡ

ˣʱ˹֮⣬˵ӽ־ͺãǵĺӣҲҪôͷء
ǻһ˼û˵ԽʱգͻʱհĽᾧ
Ȼһˣ

С⺢Ӿأ

Խס޵֣һιԷСѾιˣιţҪιõ˵




63.  ʮ µһ   ѧǶ

޺˰С, ˯˹ȥԱߣŰɫӡ޲С, С߬ȭͷ, Űָ˽ȥ

˭֪סˣСʳָ, ȵĲ֪ôź, ȻͰ͵ģǺܿɰڵǺÿġ
ҹѾˣŲŲе˼Ļ𿻣ٶ̿Ҳ䣬һ̼ж, ø죬ҪŹ޺С

, ֻС¶۾ţոι, ϻóһ١

Żû, ΪҸʵ̫, ңլӻһλ, , ؼҹ껹ٻء
Ŷ˼Ҫעĵط޴ԼιͦģС, ҪԼι϶Ϣõġ

ҸŸΪ˲ָģסģָӵ˼Ȼࡣ
ȻҪҲ˵ģ԰æͨʹ

𣿡

ţҲǲУҪǲҡ
Ѿϰүͱ˼ҵĲһˣͬһԺӣλүͲʶġ

ѧ˰֮ͨŵе㲻˼֧֧˵࣬˾ͣ£㵱ǰûɹ¶ͺˡ

֪뵽ʲôҲˣص˳ȥ
Сӣƽգʱʱ̿ˣӻǾͳȥҲҡ

Сӳϻб£һҪ׼򲼣һЩˮ̹ģСõĶ࣬Щ׾ȥˡ

˺ƤǰԺǻҷȥմմϲ
һһƤҼҷˣĸƽ͵㼦

֪˺ӣĻ֪ŶӲȥͶʣƽͺãӶѽ



Цŵٹȥ
ӵʱ򣬹޶óˡ

лȥ˼߶ľôЩˣʡڡ

صլ춼͸ˣǵҲûԷ˵ԡ
һͣСÿ۾ܴͷŨܣ۾Ͷˡ

пϵӣ֪ûоѣеġ

ӻûСӣҲϻ˵Ҳ岻ȥСɶ

صСޣСèƵģһʱ֣С
ôСޣҲСˡ

һһ˵ŻﻹŷС࣬ļͷӰӣ˾ùȥǾס᷿һ¾
ţ֪òǡ

˭֪ʰ꣬һ󾪺񣡴ף

һզˣȥָ֮ﱻһԼô찡ֻôСûָװ

⿴ӵʱͦרĵģС첲һ죬ĶסϸƤ⻮һˡ
СָסָָҲǱ͸͸ģСǷɫģ˭Ҹָװ

ϵȥӷڴͲˡ
סӵֻС֣ǿ㣬㡭
˿ڲǳǳһѪۣ̾˿ᴵ˴Լ֪޵ģôôƤʵ

˯úܰȣѶֻӣһֱ˺ʱŹҲ˯Ҳ˯׼ϴ˱죬Ϳˡ

ⲻæң¶Ӱѹ޳ѣͱȥ䣬ʪյ򲼣Ȼָ˻

Ϊ᲻ڰѹ޳ѣ˭֪ѾˣѽҪҪԵ㶫ͷһ£ͰСָˡ
ڼӳһ㣬ֱǱ߷һԷСһʡץ

޵˿ڲӦþͺˡ

˿¹޹úأȻĸҪһЩСӲĶĶ
ǸѾȥˣι̵¶۾ǰɨޣ㣬𣿡

·ݴʱؾۣȻι̾ͲŤˣҡҡͷûǵûţ

ָһ£˵ôͨҪԣ

޵ͷ˿Ȼ˵ͷ




Ŀѵģ޵۾СȭͷĨ˰ôҲǣ
һĨ򲼣ʪģɻ򲼻ޣû취ֻܰѹ޺ޣˣιڰɡ

Ѻӱ۾๾غ̣ɼˡ
Ȿιڲ˾͸ߣСӲȱ˲ڣһͿޡ

ɫᣬҲˣɣιιҲ´ߡ
˵´ãҲܣӻģû̫Ӧͦôġ

⺰Լȥϴ׼緹ˣӣԵ嵭̲ΪˣⳢ˳νӲͣüͷһȡ

һ㶼ó԰

ϵӼ䲻ó̫ģҲóʲô̵ķʳˮأҪǸ˲ӡ
Ҳǻָģ޹ʮ꣬ᣬĸƯƯġ

һ֣ǰ̹ףôԣôĦͷ

Ҫһµӣ̾˿Խۡ

Ǹְְ֣죬ʮ߸˵أϺ֮ͿʼɤӿޣһʱҲͣ

²ˡ
޵ȥҽһ˰ɣЩѣġ

ϽȥС޿޸ͣô㣬Ҳʲôʿ֮ǰɶҲûɶͺˣ

ϴΪסˣС޺̵ãȻ͵Ļܡ
ϴﱧ˸󱳣˼£ݣҲˡ

˿һӣԺ̻øãСӡ

ߴ򣬴˿ʼ׼ҹ

ճ˯Ҳˣ۾Ź޿۾ڲôͰˣҲ׹ˡ
ϴ裬ɾˬģСͻһһϵġ

Ҳ˲ӣӲϴ裬ⲻЩӵϰףƽղ磬ϴ裬Ӳģȶȹһ˵
ʱɶš

ʮһڳӲͣﻹẠ̊́ҹ޳С㣬С뼦ԵĶ࣬һ˶ãԶ治Сӡ

֮⣬⻹׼ѹǮѽѹǮţҲỨ˼ǵҪ֪𣿡

ޣ
ǲǲ񻰡

꣬ãõ
ҪôһַֻСģҪöࡣ

ҸСˣСڵǰ󣬼Ҿףʲôȱ
ǮС޻չˣһڵ߳ľûÿ

ﻹ꣬߬Ź޵ָ˯˹ȥ
ͷз̻ʱüֻҪ޻һû¶ˡ

޿ŶһƬ˺ѹǵʹǺܾúܾ֮ǰ¶ˣ⣬ֿе;ʲôֵˡ

ʲôСҲۣޣһ˰ɣܳ˯Ҳ

ޣĶô˵Լӵġ

ⲻҵ˵˵ôˣôôھͿʼˣ

ƿԣⲻҲ㡭

Ҳһأɱ˺֮һ˼ȫˡ

Щ飬֮ǰȷͷͲ֮ˣôᣬʲôأǵģƴӡôҰ

ⲻ˵ˣûУҾеԴףҵĴҵĴ
°ѹŪˣӲܿ޵ģ۾ãⲻֻ֪ǹתƻķӡ

˴ž꣬ڹʱﻻ˿򲼣ŪʪˮϣȻϴ

µһꡣ




64.  ʮ ׵   ѧǶ

һڼ, ٳתģ󣬴, ҶһƬ졣

ʢ, մգļҶз, ŵƽ, ϻûɨɾɫм

һյݸǵţ˵ڽ͵ʱӾˣ̲סкŮһɩӵã϶˼֡

һһ˳ԷһƬ, ⲻʢֵ, е˼ĽЦЦֳɩɩͦõ, ɩӻ, ⼸յĲڡ

Ϲ, ʮǳһϳЦЦ, ̫, ɩӣԶġ

ͷӢʲô, סˣȾͺӢϲ̸һҵ͸ˣͷֶʧȥӵΪᾸǡ
Ӣ̾˿ԽԽˣӶˣǶ֪Ϣ

еʹ죬ҲԼʲôϵأÿʱ򶼸ǴϢǲˣ͸ˡ

ѽ

ϱңȥݸǵƽ֪ƽֻ˵ǰ;δ˵ġ
ڹ̬ȴһ㣬ΪʲôȴҲû̫⣬ˣˣȥޣҲŷңƽ֡

ƽϧһ޲ڣ˵Ҫ¶֪ĻΪǸŮĸء
һٷͷ˼죬ޣǺųϷ֪أؾְҲ֪ܲʢ

ǰɻ飬Ȼû˲Ƶ׽壬͹޻һ㡣
ȿԼ׽㣬ܾĥƽˣûˡ

Ȼܣڴ˳Ժӣûʲôӡ
Ҳ͹޹ϵͣ࿴׵ʱƷɻԺˡ

ӦǾ仰ʮ֮˾š
岻Ը˵˷Ҳûʣģ˵¶źãСŮ֮޺ͺˣｻãӶ౸㶫òŶأΪ֪𡣡

ȵͷŮ׵ġ
Ըһ㣬Ǻ͹޻Ǻͱˣɼ˾ͲǹһˣܵùȫЩ

һιϵв̫ʧ֣Ҳ֪ͿԼΰˣ뵽ô˱Ȳ˸鷳ǹ޳֮Ǹࡣ
ʲôʱܻҲǵ̵ˡ

Ϸһ꣬ͷû˺ãͻȥϢˣϴŹ˳ػԺӣľΣùܲҡ

Ůߵһףϲ볶޵ĺȡ
˳ؽʮһ꣬ȴǰ˲٣Ϊ޵Եʣƽܿѧʣ˳ѧʺãƽĸˣʱ͹˳˵

Ϻ͹˳˵ԺТ˳㸸׾ˣõֻͽ㣬֪𡣡
˳ϴԣӿָƽȥ

˳صͷ֪ģֻںҹκòãֻͽòá

ϺγԸ⿴ТĳڶӺƽϣⱲǿˡ
ˣܿ

ʮ壬ʢûôˣʮյݸǵţ˵Ѿˣ¶ʮģʱСů˻ʢ

ϲ˼ˣе㲻⣬Ϊɶϵôѿ
ѵŮдģ

һɻ󣬲ذȥͷϷ˱ϲϷһֱ˵ã˷Ҳ˵׼Ĺȥ

ƸϲС¾ˡ

¶ʮߣʱһˣһ¹⾰˵Ҳʱ͸ֱһ첻壬Сɰˣ۾񣬾ֻòš

һɺСûиָ׵ļȥǶǱæСûá

¾˲࣬һһңϻûӣ¾ֻ˶û

޽ӣúϴ˸裬ϴ裬ˡ

ϴȥСֻ׸ˣſؿűţһӣ޾ͰŴˣһ´Сᷭһ￴žС

ңһֱʱᡣ
Ķ֪ھͱѽѽأ
һһڣԼϲ׽ΪһЦ

ûҪʱ¶۷۵ΪԼģĶá
¾ƣðʱȥ޸ճӣҲóȥ磬ӺӣҪ˯˱ȥһȦˣȻ˲ú塣

һʱ˳Ծ˯ʣµľǿޣ΢в˳ĵľͿޣˣʪˣˡ
⻹˵ֲСôôء

˵ֻвŻޣƽʱܹԵġ

ⲻԸʱ˵Ӻ˺壬Ҳ˯ޣ̫šˣһ㶼

޳СѶӺţѶӹò͸磬űȥûһֱˣ͸һ£᲻˵۶ӺÿҾҲÿ

˯ˣ۾ͷģü⣬ëر𳤣Ǽе죬ϻеΣְֻԴԱߣ˯

޵Ӧͦ뿴ģ֪ʲôʱҪůָͣȥˡ

Ӧÿˣߣﻹи飬ӦܻȥһˡŵˣҲһˣǻʮ£ƶˣҲ䶳ţͻʢ

Ȼ·ٹ
Щ¹ģǵù˼ﻹСܵ
ιӣŶõĶ÷ٴҲʡ¡

ʱ򣬹޻ȥԺӿ˿

϶оŸˣһûû֣Ӵˡ

Ͽ޲žñ仯أ˲أҲϸˣſ쵽ǰǻ˰ɡ
ĿЩĽ

ܲס죬ǹ޵ĻǰͷҲܳԣ߰˸µʱףһһ󣬻ܣÿתתʱĸʱаɡ

޵Ѳ˵㣬ҩͿĨţ

ϣĨĨˣûǸƣء

ЦЦʱŵģ£ôһ⣬㿴ңҲˡ

ӣҺˣС

˼죬³ýĸʱһӣСһ£ȴСһ꣬˸ҽһ׬Ļࡣ

ҲԵ˱˼ҵĺƤ˵ҵССеӣʢĳ

ҺԶ

Ҳֵˡ

Ѯܳʢϻˣֻһˣϲɫҷˣⲻס۳Ͷ٣ʢ̥
֮ǰܳͺϱ֤ͷȺӳ֮ǰһؼҡ

˾乧ϲȻ˾ͺúøɻɣڼǸأֺз硣
зһ壬ʿũ˾ģҪ׬Ǯ¶·ӣôˮ绹ʿũ˾ָ

Ȼȥз絾֣׬Ǯʿũ˾ġ
룬綼ûСĽ

ֻûʼҪз磬֣ȥͷռˮ֪ʶ˺üطżһѧǿüɹ۵ֻзһĶֻжٽзһĶһҲ׬ʮӡ

ʱзͳһƱ׬Ǯ׬˭ۺ졣
˵ûзˮĶȥˣҲġ

ǰ£æĽŲմأƹӣũߣʿũ˾Ƴķϣϲ

ǵʣӴ󶹸ȡֲһ˾ˣ⻹ƳݼֲܶҶӲܳԣǻӰãʵʹũҩֻǰӰӲ֣ԺʵӰ졣

ڳ⵱ȻҲҪ




65.  ʮ ӣ   ѧǶ

ĳݼ, ϶ȡôĻѧҩƷǼ׳ݼ, ״׶ʳλˮ, ԭҲ򵥣ʱӲ, ״׿ԿӲˮ, ˮӲһ⣬ӲݵĳݼҲĲҲ

ԲСʱãȵ糤һ㣬¢, һɹЧá

ɱ, õˮĩˮʱˮ, ɱЧ
Ѯ, ʿũ˾һԳݼɱЧ, ܳջҪʢҩ

Ȼ, ڼ, ܳԸһ˵ġ

·;Ҫڴ֮ǰҩͻȥʵ, ܹĻʿũ˾ֶһ롣

õĶı˾ˡ
¶۶ʮպˣ۲죬ôĶܹɱ棬Ҫ֪ЩطܳţӲݴ֮أÿģ°빦

ܳػǣȷɱݣʹҪעĵطãȻׯڲá

̾ϢŵĻʿũ˾Ūģ
Ȼʿũ˾һִģڰʿũ˾ʮ˻ֲһ
һٸֲһŪĵ֣ũߣгݼɱģð۴۽硣

ܳʵʵ˵˵ûǣô

ȷģʿũ˾¹û

Ȼкˣ

ʵ۵ĳӵļǿء

ػϣ˵ĳѾˣǰģ׳ܳ룬ԼҲҪˣԺʱһˣԺһѧܽΪ׼ҡ

ۼϻػûʹͣһ˰ɣʿũ˾¶ٺ»
ܳߺ󣬰ȥⷿЩСӴȦɶģ޸յһʮФʯڼȥɡ

˼һ͵ݸȥ

³ũæʱڣݳݺɣ裬ûô䣬Ҳܳɹɹ̫ˣԳûݣֻеڿĶ¹ܿ壬ͻԴ˭̧֪ͷˡ

ޱָָ﹡ˣƣվŵǵڲǸܲ

Ķ֪ɶвʵϲ壬ŲǱ߿˭ˣѽѽһ

ʱŤŲӻͷޣ֪ףҲ֪׺ϲ

Ǳ⵹µأʾũôãũ߱ȥĿ죬Ҳ¢ˣȥ¢ܲʮ¢

ʿũ˾ũߵֵؾͱȲˣʿũ˾ÿµģÿ궼뵽⾭ʿũ˾ҪӣӲϵֻ뷨ӣȥĶҲܺþˡ

紺ȣһֱ̫վҲɹĻţͷ۹ޣ̫ׯתתģȻڼƵûš
ֵأҸյأϴ˰֣߹ȥѺӽӹû

⻰Ǻ˵ģ۾ȴŹޡ
ƳһۣεǱæˣ᲻ᵢ¶ӸҰɡ

⣺ᣬһҲҪԷˣոջʣҶӲ˵׾ֺи
ģֻҪֻԼӵĻûвĵģӣźƵ۾ЦŵҶһ㡣

ĵĺӲԼǳԷҲóԷˡ

˵εģ޳Ķ٣Դģʹƽ׵Сۣˣ𽴣⣬

Ѿڴ˲ˣ¯Ӻ̿һӱ
ģõˮ೤гСӣȻߦþмĨͣһӣûһƤˡ

ܲ˿˿𽴳˿һײ˶ˣܷڱƤųԣлأӭů͵Ĵ磬ԵĻڡ

ͷԷĳÿ綼иˣʱʱǰײ⣬ίʵ⣬Ľ
ˣȻԣһӣӣȻܴܺһԭиƵķˣǲǸѧѧ

ֱӱʡ

ƤŲ˳ԣʹһζ޸˺СƤûأȻ۾ŴתҲܸԡ

ϻӱһųҲֱһ˵óԺüأңˣǻûء
극ֿʼ޵ôȥ˯ˡ

ӵС֣æͻȥҡ

ڳϾ˯ˣſڹ޻ȥ˯ļ
޷˯ĸ죬ҪҪһҡ

صլԺϸЩȻ˯
ѾᷭˣţԼܷ´ճ첻µز£Ҫˤţ˵ÿɵˡ

ôСޣĶҹҲԸ⡣
ҲˣԴ˺ӣǣסԼ

Ϊĸ֪ôӣʱҿһ棬ͻ룬СʱǲҲģһ¶ɶ㣬˸ڷ絲ĸף


ϰѴųˣȹв٣Ϊִţι̣չˣֻҪ뺢ӵʱ򱧹ͳɣö֮ġ

֪ӿ޹ΣʱѧЦģҲ֪ôչ˵ģ֮Ź޶ҲԹӣǣųӱСһ£ӣһ㷴ӦûС

Եøǡ

ﲻȻ֪ѫ֮ҶôӣֻǵȺӳ֪²Ÿ˭ĸף㳤ˣҲںԺȥǰԺѧϰ飬ǲþ

ͬ˵¶ʱزͬѺӴӹͬĸ׽ӻĸܶңӰϢ

ϲӣȻû֪Ӷรϣӣ檣ܵöаɡ

еʧ䣬ġ
صģˣһԽ飬ˣԶ

֪ˡϵͷǵץ壬Ȼ

ʱûǹ̥⡣
ôЩӣҹû򲼣ι̣ҹ޸廹ûãżҪӡ

УҲﳤˣ˼Ӳ͹޵ĺӣĵܵãбĺӣ϶ĳ谮Ҳûһˮƽ

˺ӣ׶룬ؼһڴϷȥЦ¶Ҳûӡ

Цǲ֪ոѣˣ
ͷɹһ򲼣ѣһ쵽вס

⿴ŴϵĹƨСޣǸޣȸϰɣˡ

޵һۣ򲼣ŪҡأڵãɶҲŪˡ

ڹͷΪ˵û˯ûСʱ࣬һ쵽úܣʱ͹ﶼ

޸ﻻ򲼣ȣźƵС첲ޣ㿴Сˣ

ǷСˡ

̿Ķô˵ģСˣʲô

ط˸Ȼַ˻޸СӣȥĶҡͷһ˯ر졣
ҡúһЩء

⣺ȥʣãɶС
޾ڵʱʲôˣ϶þɵˣҡˣܵûء

ᵽĵܵãҲ˵˵Լ뷨ޣǱôżҪ϶òãȺúôˣ϶¶

ͦ۵ģһҲҵҲΧźתһ֣ȴȫԲԣҲû˵һúúӣҽƲӳ綼ûС




66.  ʮ ؾ   ѧǶ

׶, кܶຢӻûزֶۣǣ⿴ڵ, һ˿ǡ

͹޵ĺӡ˵Ĳ, ƽУġ

ʱ, ް˯, ڴССϣȳſϿ˿ֶ֣˯ĳŷ
⹴ס޵ָ˹ȥ, ˯ˣôһ㶼µء

, ˯͵͵ģԸ⣬ԸѺ͵ȥ, Ͳס߿, , 㿴Ұⶼһ, ѵҪի, ﳤˣֻȥѰˡ

ε˵ôţĶ

ֻһ, Ҫңǳˡ

ЩݣʵҲе⣬ڣ˼Ϊ鼫ˡ
ĥҲͰư͵شӦˡ

⣺͵˯ˣǹؼʱˣȥ
޵˵ͷ

ԣŲҧйҲʵҲЩ߳ܣһˣԼ˯

һ֣ˣһڳ˸ɾ򲼣Ȼ̸СӺȣ׶ӹ⻬׹ޣһһС׹ˣųš

괺ָһЩȥз磬˻ָôôš

зˮ׬ǮûգҲҪзưǮһЩʢǮ˶࣬϶ĳȥҹ޽ܳзˣҲԳԣȻҪ

ϺǾóϺãԽԽҲܳЩ⣬ϴӶܳԸʳϴ˵ƽռûôིʲôԣĿҲôҪǽЩһʱ̣ι׺֮ģ⻹ٳԣԵĻŪɺ

ͳСףȻĥ׷ۣˮһݿŪûҸԣԺΪ
Ҳû̷֮ģУ⺢ӳԵĿ϶࣬Һ׬ǮȻأĶ䣬ٸ׷ۣȻʱ䳤ֻιҺζС

ͦģеζҪĩӦúóԡ
޵ͷ˵СʲôûԹ϶ɶǺóԵģʱҳԷ۾һգգضſأǸСè



ٴһ㣬ǻʢҲùѿ

޼ţȥ漰ǣһҶʢ׼˰ɡ
Ӧò£зҲÿֽӦûȥʱ̫Сˡ

ҲлȥĴ㣬ûˣվͳɣмСأȥҲãҪǻȥһͳɣȥ֮Ҫҹ˵

ʿũ˾Աһ㣬Ҳ˵ɶȺܸߣ⣬ߵأ׼µ׻ؾ
Ǵůʱһ㣬Ҳǰյ˴ʢʹ͡

Ҳһ˻ȥ

ȥһһһд󲿷ֶġ

ѣ򲼣С̺СӣвŲĲ֮߰һѡ

·ϵǼʶ˶ӶҡϲֻҪڳϣԵɵɷ˯ſɰòУû£һҹסջһ߸·һ棬һ²Żصʢ

Ҫְ޴ȥׯլӣ¼ңҲˣһ棬Ϻ֪˺ӣԼֻĸ

ΪޣׯӵԽԽã𣬼˲ǮȻȲҵӣǱǰ̫ˡ

ʱԼͿСӽѧȥˣͦãҺûūű˻ǲȥԼ

ľŮЬӲȱ˲

ׯӵĵѾ磬ﲻʲôӲݣˮ丣ҲǺþɫ

֪޻ˣ̸Ϲˣʱ˯ţ׾С˶ڿϣĲС
ɣ۳Ͷ٣ˡѪϵĺӣǴĵ۰

ÿɩӶһ㣬Ժ϶ǸʵĹӡ

ЦЦȹӴȥֳΪ٣˻
ТţΪ߲ܲТݸҲͰˣˣȥ

ͷȥȥҲУضɩӣ¶ˣֳ·Զ

·ԶЩΪֱϸ㣬ˣ·Զæ޵ģҲǸɵģŪһࡣ

ǵɩӶĻѡѡԼصһӵܣ֧˿Ҳ򵥣г֣޹ȥĻ·ԶͰȥס°ס

޵Ҳã綢Һ

Ҳ뵽һ㣬ŵͷӦģϻǲ죬Ϊ۸ڶ岻أ˭֪ͼ˸ͨͨ·Զ

˰죬͸ϻȥױˣʱ֣ӹ۳ˮֲĲӣֽ˽зĺôᣬҲҴƱ

һ˵˴ִﲻǵõԴˡ

۵ӣúϢ죬һͨͷȥˡ

Ҳżȥʿũ˾ˣũߣݼУʿũ˾ֲǳԸɷģûֲǲתǾϢ죬ڼҴӡ

޸¶ˣ͵ͷҲ֪ôദǷ̫࣬Һйޡ
Ǳ߹޹ܾͺˣȥ˲ŪɫȾϣ͵ױˡ

Ļ³ˣɽڣ֣Ҳˣ˵ǲϲ˳С
ʵʵ˵Ľ㣬⺢ӳĿã

ҲΪÿ޾Ͳ˵ˣòʢǳģǰ̫ӣ֪жٹҪ޸СԺҲǹġ

ȰѼ˹С̸ģҶ౧Ҳܻϡ
˵ûе㲻ܻˣʲô˵ɶʱйڸ檵¡

ȵݲ£檵ģҲճңǸӡ
ȱͲǳԿӣ֮ѳҲµģﶼġ

Ľ㣬Ҳõŵ㣬ˣ¹ܼķ㣬ͷʺʣͷҲ˵ǵĵ㡣

Ӹλֻйޣֺã֪˵أеˣ檣ʹǺֶΡ

һҭˣģһСĵġ
ȵԴӦòȥݸˣԺҴš

Ǳ£Լȥ
⣬ӦòԲ¶ɣ뵽һǰȻģ檡

޲Ը⣬£޷űŮЦűĺӰ

߹ȣЩƣȰԼ⣬ķ

һ³˹һڣֱ￩Цޣϴˡ

ޣ
㻹ȥϹѧЦˣ޼ҪľΣԺԺ˵ġ

ȫ֪һԼڵһȦʵҲ࣬ӴϣҲζ

ǵãˣ㲻ӵƨأѶӷ£ȥǶתһȦҲңôء

̾˿˳ȥȥɡ




67.  ʮ    ѧǶ

صׯ, ԵľͶˣϺɶ, Ÿι׷, ӵ㼦Ϻ, ﻹͦԵġ

ͷһسԵ֮Ķ, ĲˣֻҪιţ°ŻˣҲҶιСͲˡ

л˵, ꤰָճС»ᷭ, ˾ͻ߸»棬˸», ԽԽ, Ժ󻹻, ˵һ㳤

Ϊ˸ĸ, źӱճһ, øˡ
ģˣ, Ҳñһ쵽ﶼ졣
غ˿Ϸ˱ﱧ˺һ

ãã⺢ӿ͸㡣Ϸ˸һѽͷдŸٰƽϲְ˸֣˼Ҿͷã˵һˡ

Ź޵֣߶öˣԵģõĲݮҶԲ꣬˺ӾǵˣҪĸúãͷˡ

⣬лϷˣлôչˣĸʵ֮ҡ

Ϸ˵ԺӣֱȥϣҲ׼˼һԼСѣͷЬ
ƽ³ֱϵԺӣԴϢ֮ƽͺܿŮʱʱһκϾСĽӣҲͼĲҵÿճ趨ʡ̷ĸһԽľٶûС

˷ȻˬƽȥСǶ϶£ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
ֻͼŮúãǵĸˣѲɻŮ鰮֮¡

Ц

ƽӣԺóܵܳȢϱˣ͸뿪

ЩҲͼı˳ȢϱҲˣ˵ĹӣҲЩҵʱٳ

ȴǲЩģԼĸ׺͵ܵܣԶң߶š

Ӻ޳һҲȵֱͷ֪ôȵĸо޸򲼵ʱôˡ

ڿϴٸҪޡ

޴ƨһ£ﻹΪأٺֱЦ
Ҳȣ˱Ъ˺һŻϾ׼档

ˮȻ౸±ųԾͺܺóԣҳ죬һ룬ĲС

֪ڳԶҲ֪ʲôˣòѽΪɶأ
극ֳһͷˮ٣ڴˮˮӵˮʿũ˾ˮȥ١

ˮ࣬ˮУֵæһӡ

޵Ǽҵĳãˮˮλ½һ㣬ôȥ᲻£ׯڻ᲻Ӱ졣

ʢһˮ٣Ϸ᲻Ӱ죬ϷֵĿˮˮȱˮˡ

⣺˵׼ҪǺһ£ׯճɿ϶Ӱ죬͵öཽأڿûɶ

΢΢£ճɲãϹ
⵹ʵ۵ѵֵ֪ؿүɫճɺòֲҵģ£֪

Ĺ޵ļ򣬡û¡
һһ£꣬ЩСϪСӼɺԣصɹøɻƣõն֪ճɱȲȥꡣ
ֱ£һ꣬úأǵѮˣⳡʵЩ

ѮգʢһĶֻٽׯĶİٽΪСȱˮԵʡ
ǸɺĶһϵ

ʢһĶ½˲࣬ⲻΪʿũ˾˾
ۿЩЦЦòϷݸˮĶڳϣԵȫݸǸĶ

ĶʮзĶʮݸһĶʮ

ϴŵЦλ仹ʲô˵ⲻΪʿũ˾˾˭ʺǸλãǸұ֤ȥˣˮ󺵣Ķûǰһߣͷ𡣡

˻һѻȸ

۴ժӣҲÿԼûǸ¡

λĺȣۻһЩʹ֣ͣǻʼСš
ˮҲֵ֣ǻʼˮš

ݸһղӭ˴գѵзأǳзʱ;ճзһзĶʮһʮһ

һʮĶأ׬ʮӡ
Ǻʱ׬ôǮ
ݸǰĸˣһ֮ʹǵİ׬Ǯ

һҲ˹ضܵؾ

зҪ˵ǣֻˮˣʢʱЩˣЩġ
ʢ˺üջ磬;ճзҲһȤ

޲μΪھˣҲáȺһЩȻ˿ߣҲΪԵʣμҲû˸Ϊ
Ǹƾ

ʢҲ֪ǸĽ޻ǸĽ⣬˵ûйţҲûнգû⣬Ҳй޽գǰ˭õԵȻĽĽԵ

棬кﶼˮǴߣ˵ʲô˻
ûиĺãǶǮȾƣӡҲա

μջ磬޻˵ջĻЩĺÿɫĸǶŽɫľջ꣬Żеľջ㡣

ﻹзưз˿ھջ⣬ֵֹģޣҲôó԰

޵ϲͻԻζʵ̫á
ͷ볢⣬һСڣüѵȥ

ЦЦóԾͱˣзưζ
зư£һӱȹĶ࣬һҪӡ

Ĺȴͦ࣬˰зȴϲзưһúܺá

˾£зûˣ޿˱·һǧŰٶ
ָ˸СӤͷĸӣţ滹ɴӡ

̫󣬾ܰӷܷء
ͷģ֮޾ò׼ඩóȥ

ٹҲںҲȱӡ
Ǯ˹ׯӣǮûã͵أðЩҲ

Щһɲܣû޺ʹܹׯɶ

Ѯĵ죬ޣӹŮ˸ȥμϲ磬ɹֵƮƮģŲȣ⻹˸񣬡ֳ֣

⣺ֲûضԺúõ㡣

·Զе֪ͣģﶼϲ棬޹Ҳ֪԰ã檣մ

ӻ֣ˣȥɣϲϳԵĻ٣йްԵĺҶﰮԵϺ

μϲ磬ôӣͰżˡ
ĺӣ˭ϣֻܳ˯͵͵ܳڼҿޱء

Ϻȥ庢ӡ

Թϲ磬޺ͻؼˣӢҲڣţ첽߹ʣû𣿡

⣺ţ㣬ͷżˡ

ӢЦЦ

ף£ǾȻȥˡ

Ӣɫڨڨȥɡ

Ź޵֣˼ذûٿޡ

ޣùôżôˣȥιԵģСǳԲǴ򡣡
֣㿴ҸֻϺǴӺ˹ģر𡣡

Ҳͳһ˿ŵСҲˡ
һЦԽЦԽ󣬡ޣá

ꡪ




68. [] ʮ һ   ѧǶ

ΪС, ʱƽƽ꣬ÿׯˮ࣬, , Ӹѧˡ

ʵ£úӿһ, ҪΥӵĳ, Աĺɣʱһֱϵꡣ

ѧãңڼҲ̹ʶ֣͹ˣһһģһ֪ĻΪ̵ġ

ޣ
ʱ, ʱĳ˵Ҫ츳һ˵, 츳ߵĸɶǿ츳ģ㸶һٱŬҲϲϱ˰֡

ޣ⻰˭̸ģ

ʱͦͦ, Լ, Ҿⷽ治, ϶бķҡ
΢Цʣʲô棿

ʱһôô˽ҵı飬Ժ, Ҳͦ

޺ʱһӵ, ǳ˰һ㣬ʱܺá
ģӦ¶, Т˳ʱȣǸĹֱе

ǣȷ˸ѧˣ޵ҹܲ㣬ȥܰɡ

ʱû˼ˣš

ʱԺĵ죬ȥԺˣСǽ̲˰ʵǲ

ʱվվĺֱ̫Ϊɶͷ˼
ⲻĴòġ

⣺졣
ʱ͡

ô°ô˵̲ˣɽԺԶǶѧ峵Ÿ߰˶̸СǻǴ´ࡣ

Ҳܱģһһñͷϴֱ֣ҵҵ

ʴϻۣȥɰʵڲף˲ʱʹ󣬰һȺС޺һһ㶵ģΣֻ¶Ͳ˵ˡ

εڼʱĸ׽̹ʶ֣Ȼ˵ѧˣǾֱӸͬ˶顣
ʹ˸ɫʱһùģ

Ӵϻ쳣ǰֵ˼һڶϣڳЧãΪ龫ǣСҲ̳²
ԴǿУǳ˳飬һȥһú˵

˵գקʱĸ첲˳ӣȻȥһԺʱų顣
ʱʵɡ
չ

Ժ̾˿ʱһûѵֻ£ɣ

⣺Ҷӻ֪ͦǿ
ʱ

ǰ鲻ã㿴дҲÿҪҾͷˣûҪϳҡ
ĵУûˣҪǲ飬ɶᣬԺܸɶһš

ʱĻŵˣɣҶͦõģ̹ҵҶסˣһúöģҾǾһ춼飬̫ˣЩҿһ鶼֪ܲĸоǼ򵥵ǿֶ࣬˶֪ɶˣҲŴЩСһġ

ͻͦɰģ磬ŶӸʳȻر档

⣺
֪²һ䣬ÿһ޻˵

ָ֪оҪԲǰ⡱µĻţװ𣬲ֲÿϲʥҲġ
Сƨ֪ʲô

ʱͷ̳˹ĺòúǿʣ۾󣬴ݰףؼô˵

⣺ôܾʵʵ˵£Һ϶õˣú˵ʵֲ㡣

ʱŶһ֪ġ

ؼ֮ʱԺ¶һһʮ˵ˣʵҲֱģΪиĵʲôĶ
ĺӶУˤֽƣѾϻľƴͼͿɻˡ

˵һȺС˷ܵظʲôƵģʵ̫õˣ
֪ԺĵطǲԵģһĵģʱͲ˵ˡ

޵֪˾ˣϴֳԷɡ
ʱʿˮɶѽ㣬ҶӺöԺȥԺܸܲҴԵġ

̾˿Ե𣿡
ʱ֪ʰɣҪܴҴɶ

޵ܴͶģζĹӣӣҪԼɶܴܲѡ

ڶ죬ʱ˸߲ҵػܣԺǶԷԿԴֻϿβ͵͵ԣ
Ҫӣӣɣ

ҪĻͦࡣ

죬ֱԺȥˡ
£Ϊ˱ģƽʱʱô̵ģӿܡ

ʱȻᱳʲô徭ãܿ죬յͦɵģֻ¿εʱͰ棬֣ͬѧһûзʲôʵӰͿõ

ĺӣֻʱģġ
Ǻá

⣺˼ʱӦȥĶ

ҲΪѣ԰չ׼ĺ鶼ĵģ˵ȥ
ñĭ

ǲһģĶǰһŵҲãʱлתһ졣
Ķӣ͸ôһ
ʱңֻϲһȺС

˵ʺ϶飬Ҳ̫

̾˿Ȼ⺢ڼҵʱʲô£Һĸ׶ûСӣΪȥ֮ҲԸ˵˵Ӱͬ򡣡

ͬˡ

ʱԴǲǷˣ

⣺Ҳ㷸ͱĺӲ̫һûѧĶѧ㲻ѧֿ죬ܴϣڵأǶǺ£кܶ黹أлһ֮׵¡أҪǶˣͺͳ˵ȥѧģ𣿡
ͷѽЩСҲûʲôģԺеܵҲ𣿡

һҭ͹޴ôȻƽǸ٣һֱûкӡ
ƽ󣬷Ҳ֪㣬϶ɶʱ⡣

޽Ŷʮģʮһ㶼󰡣ҪǸǰӦûûء
˳Ȼһͦõˡ

⣺еĻӦССһֻ˵ģẰֳ磬ǵܵܣϲߣõĻƲô

ʱŸ׵Ĵ֣е˷ܣ˵˵ܵãָİͻһЩ
ʱҲ˻ߵҲͦãôãܵӦҲɡ

صУѶҪ¶˵ˣ룬Ҳûɶôˣȥʲôأ⣿
ǱģͷһأΪӵδ޵ĵ˯žĴ㣬жֻ︣СĻУµġ

޷˸־ͺá
ԸӲôÿֻԳ棬û뵽

գ޸ʱʰöԵĶ˾ͳԣѴһ㣬ָǳһЩ֪𣿡

ʱ֪ˡǵĳԵûĺóԡ
ޣⲻģǴġ

ʱŶǾͷһЩɣĳԵģֻۼ˿ԳԵġ

ʱ˵鲻ѣѧĿ죬ߵ˴Ӹһߣһ㣬ߺöģʮ꣬ʱ˸Сã͵˵һĺ硣
ٺʱûи⣬ȥ

ر߹أһ




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