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İ
ǸӤڹ¶Ժ
꣬뵽սĿʵϰĸУΪСα
ֱÿ춼ˡ
ԭӰǸ׳աԭһֱڿҽԭɷĻԭͲӮҡ
˶һؼëļٴθСС˺
Ȼ֪Ϊæ
¼ңѧˣְֺ̰裬ÿҪԥļСȹ޻ëСܡ
ⶼûʵ̫Ҹˣ
Ϊڶʮ¼ʱۿ뿪ʱᡣ
˶ΪӪҵʱӰ¶Ժύʽӡ
Сˡ
ٺְ֪ǵŮš
һУһĻǵı
ͻȻİˡ

ǰʧȥŮĪĵʹ
ζû뵽ǣӻصԼߡ
һΣΣǷҪð
ݱǩ Ȧ   ˬ
ؼ֣ǣĪ룬  ǣỳ  ġŮ߸ľ籾[촩]ܷʣ
һ仰飺¸̣ѣ
⣺ͽ


1.  1   μ̡

ϾҪ°ְؼˣԼС䣬żޣְӦҪƯĹȹԺҪмҵСѣ͸һˣ

뿪¶ԺСѿĸȲܻԼĺѷϲá

գŴ۾һȡ

ǲҲҪһµļңСʡ

ֻСֽһ˺þã롣
ţǱСŮǣ˵Ǵһ㶼ϲСӣ̫Сˣ˵ҧҲɰ

˵꣬СŮĸˡվڲԶ֣ż⿴˿ϲܹȥĸ·Цͷ
ǻؼҡ

£һСӰ֮½нԶʧڰ߷Χڡ
СԴ˺һСԴ

չǵʦԶԶؾӵĶԻ߹ʱ۵Сͷ

ʦһ
ӣûþͱڹ¶Ժſڡ

ǻǺ˸ӹ˺һСӤǱͨ졣
ӳúã廹ʲôԭüд˺ģһ´ĺģ
Ժ˸֣аƽİ¶Ժ˶ϣ⺢ƽƽس

С󣬰ǹ¶ԺɶµСӲ鷳ʱ˾йСƤһǲ޲ֵģúܡ

һҪ尢ǴȥμӽĿˣʱҲиҵġ

С֪ʦڰοԼس˳ǣ¶װ׵С
ʵûжԼĺѴţ
Ҫµļҡ

ֻҪԼԭļңаְļҡ
Ǵδİְ裬Сĵǵģ

ܻصԼİְߣͺˡ

Ŀĳˣʦʰһ£ϳɣ
ʦϽѾ׼õСóǣŰ¶Ժſߡ

һ̨ΪĿȥСΪ˼αԺľ
ʱĿһλԺ幤СһۼͱСӿɰֵӵģ򶯣ϣӲ뵽Ŀȥ
Ժĺǲ࣬ʱͣԺϣܱ˿
ϵӴعԸӴעӶʹǱʿǶôõһ顣

ֻǣ⾿ǲһȷľأ
ʦĺӻٴܵ˺
̫ˡ



ǡʵϰĸһֱĿʼӡ

ʵϰĸһ۲գ뵽ĿеǷ򸾶ᣬûãʱûСĴ㡣
Ŀʽǳ򵥣Ŀ齫򸾵ļװ¼ҹϢʱ䣬ʱ򶼻ֱֱݣôޡ

ûгͱķ֣ڵСڴʱö˵ĸ£ǼɹøԹ
ǹڴġ

ȻôڴģһλαĪ롣
˭û뵽ĪȻԸμ⵵ա

Īӳ𣬳˾ޣ˾޵ģݼʮ꣬ݹĵӰ࣬ǽкֽ
ʮ꣬ժӰڣ콱̨ϸָϵö䡣

ĪȻˣϢһ𾪡

ýȥɷʲôˣһȥˣȴûκ
ÿβɷУĸĪ붼ǵЦ˭֪ڴΪɷԶᱻعʱ⵵Ŀˡ

ˣڴӵĸӰδ֮⣬һ뿴ģĪ»ɷ
ǽĿδʼֱѾ˲ٹǣֱ伸ĹڹԹͷţȴһƬڵĻ



Сѣ֪һôĽĿ𣿡ĿĹԱڰߣ

ڽİգգۣСᳶ˳Լ½ǣҪڣֲҳ

һ֪ʦҪȥϵˡ
¶Ժʱ䣬ÿڶ緹ӰҿƬÿڴĻ
Ҳ⡣

С룬ʦǲҪȥμӵӣСһڵ̽أ

֪ͷСģ̽սĿ

̽սĿ
ָĸһͬ̽ðգҲǲ͡
Ա⺢ģȻˣԽԽϲСĪӰмƣ۵һĨů⣬ԲԣԵƤ˵ʲô˵ʲôΪʮĽĿʱǼСʲôԣ𣿡

ǲҸϳȥ𣿡ʡ

Աһᶨҡҡͷᡣ

ãȻԴ
ԭмҵСǿԵƤġ
ңᱻϳȥ

еĴ˶ԼİְһϲӵС̫ˣ
СΪСһ

Ŀĳʻڴϡ
μӽĿαǳע˽ԸԼҳ˽ĿԶĵĹԢ¥
ûΪ˽ĿӵȻԢ¥ĻҲܺãװ޷Ҳůɫܰ

𣿡

һ·ϣѾѲμӽĿעˡ
ԹԵصͷˣлл㡣

С޵Ա̲סֿҽҮ



̶һСʱĳ̣ԱѾСαϲòˡ
³֮ŵ¥վڹԢſڵһ˲䣬ΪһѺ

αͷĪӰĿλҲദ
˵ǰ죬ĪӰҪ˳Ŀ¼ƣǽĿүү̵ģŰ˺

һ֣︺⵵ĿĹԱǶĪӰԹԡ
ȻԸμӣΪʲôӦأ

ԽԽ֣Ӱ֮ǰûμӹκսĿʲôԭ
ȻЩ⣬˲˵Ҳ²Ȼ

ֻϣĪӰ̫䵭úСѹ

һˣҪò𣿡
Ա˵Ҫˣһ򿪣ϿӰͻֱ䣬ʱǵһһУᱻ

ƶǶСֽ߬ԼǳɫСȹ°ڣСɤۡ



һ

顪

ֱˣĻӿ˳

ûãҲ򿪡
ĪţŴҵͷǣһĻȡ
Ƥܰףƣ룬ϵ״̬̫
ϸһ룬ҶѾûпԾڴӫĻǲɷˡ

˾ˣ״̬ѣԾŲߡ

ӭǡĪ뿪ڣĿ⻺ƣǰСϡ

СԴˡ
ΪϿͲ豸尢̫ˣҪûСѾڵø߸ߵģ۵úġ

Ƭ֮ĪĿԡ
һ˲䣬˶΢΢һ¡

ֱĹҲˡ
С̣̫˰ɣһ㶼Сͯǣ
ûз֣Ī뻹е񣿡
ӰСɰ⵵Ŀһܾʣ

ͬʱСӵԺУǷӳӴӰһ㣬ǰ˵ģ
μ̡




2.  2   ϲ鷳

Īʶ򰲰
ѩѩ׵ģǳɫСȹӣ¶ĸ첲װ֣Եúܺá
¶ԺʦСͬɫϵķͷģеƣĵСˡ
ССһȺмҪûСѾţܳŬؿԼһ峺۾գգ͵ġ

ͬʱСӵעҲĪ
ŻɫľӼҷƤѩѩ׵ģһͷɫĲ˳ذɢϸļϣ仹еļ鷢شǰס䵭⡣

ڹ¶ԺСῴɫ
ϵЦݺܵԼЬȻǿһ㶼ϲԼ

ĪС㣬ǼҵСαаԱæܵ캰衣

Ī봽ǳǳĻȲûɢȥеĶȴһ¡
ϣǰСŮԼ衣

㼸ˣĪ⣬䵭ʡ

Сͣԥ˺þãȳĸָͷˡ
£Ͳˡ
̲ϲ뺰衣

Ա״еš
⺢ӣôô¶أ



ĿԭĪɷһ򵥵ĲɷãϾǹǰġ˭֪Ī˵ȥˣ첻ȻˣĿûװ뿪ˡ

ȵ˶ɢȥˣֻһһС۵Сۡ

Ī벻֪ôСദָָɳϵλãҪڣȴಡһܵװӰСϡ
ǱһŰʣСȵ£ޱȺг
ֻǣСϣһ˫Լһ˿ľ衣

ĪϾǴˣܺһСֹؽȥ
Ȼμ⵵ĿȻѾǩúֻܾͬҵһЩ
ôĿ¼꣬ʮѡ

ĪóĿ֮ǰµ񿨣֮󣬵ݸһ񡣡

ԶԶţС°̧سһĪе񿨡

ⶼ
Ī뾫µü΢΢

ǶԱ˴˲ϤĲһȥҲ
ҿ㱣֤Ҳǻˡ

Īѵһ˵ô໰ĵ̾ٴο򰲰ܽ𣿡

Դ˵һ
СҲʶ֡

Ī룺

ֱǼͬѼС˵ҪţģӰǲ֪ôСദ
⵵Ŀ⣬ǽ̸ĸôС˵ְҲǵһεְ裬ÿδ鶼һУֲܾԾġϽĿʵϰĸԺԼСøˡ
һ˵ǣĸȲμӿԾͺˣ൱һα࿼԰ɣ
㲻Сαɰأ˵Сѵͦġ

һ򣬾ѾѰѰǳ
֪Ǵӹ¶ԺĺӣС޸ĸֱǰĹ۵òˡ

ɰСҳôݵģ

һʱ֮䣬ǶϣĪܰԼӰӷ
ܻ᲻ӣôݵʮ¼УСһЩ顣



Ī뿴ŰһȷСӲڹԼȥ֮󣬰

Ҹɡ֣ð߹

̺СˣСȡžžડĪߣʱǰһգϵ֡

ĪĽǶȣǡÿԿ
СӳĽë˲ͷ۵Сдã

ôѽ

һ񡪡Ī־룬ñֱһĸŮһһ汾һһ

Īģǹȥڹ¶Ժ˯ǰ㲥ŵġ轲¡ĿĹܺ
ţС̲ס֧գһ⡣



СӵǺܴġ
Ī֮󣬰뵽˹㲥ĳ裬СһʼĪ䵭ʶ׽һЩ

汾ǽĿ׼õģһһСŻ汾Ϳʼ

汾ǡҴĪԷ˷һСкԼĹ¡

ڹ¶Ժʱ£Ƕǹ㲥ﴫģʦϸ£Ҳܹ˼ôСѡ˴ʱ²صȴţȴĪԼ¡

ĪϸָỬҳһֽһ֣ƽһ㶼ûкС˵ʱθĿԾýζ

أ˰ýˡ

Сʣ̣Ӻ𣿡

ۡ
۵Ƕ˰עԼˣڲﶼʧ̬ؼʹޡ

ԣۣˣŰҶ𣿡
СʣֻԽ˵ԽͣЩΪһ㣬Դ͡

СŴĪ뽫Ŀϡ
һͷɬĻɰ˵ʱȴһһϡƽ۾գգ͵ģ档

Ī룺ûһΪ̫۶ߵöСѡ

Դ۵׵ĹâС𽥱
һһ㣬ԼСظ
ԭΪ̫Ƥڶڵ̫űġ
һͷˣ

һֱ̣ǰĹһ 
֪ǶĪΪԼĸ裬ܵӦ⺢ӡ

ǰĴ˶ģ
ôɵĺӣҲᵣΪԼԲű̫ˡ
ĪȻĮǶС˵ĵġ
ͽˣЩ˿ǲǱpuaˣ˼Ҵ㽲仰Ҳܿ

Īڵĵطȶ飬ֱܿͳ
ۺڴսټϿֵĳԹȺڣʹĪֱȶԽԽ
ȻҲйֱֻ뿴ܰճĪֱĵĻȰˣֱ䡣

ֱǸǽպѡطӴһõСкӶСͣúܣСкԼƵġ
һûˣСα˵Ͷʷģ軵ˣһʹ󺰴Уѹû취ֻʵʵš

һȣĪֱȤ

ȥתһ˵ĹûþͻˣԭòɿĵĻ󣬴ҵķҲƽ˲١
ֻĻϣ汾ʱò׻࿿˼ӵһһСʱû¶ˣεĳĬС

ǱӰԱӶˣ̲סڵĻϷһš

ʲôˣ
ɣĪĻƽʱʲôģϴ˶ɡ
СҲֿģ̯ôʵϰ裬󣬻ǺӸ԰ɡ

ĻһƬ˥Ī벻֪
վߣ԰˵ʲô

룺Ź𣿡
ҲᡣĪ򿪱䣬űĿĸ㡣
Ƿѳأϸϸʡ

Īһֿһ۷ѣ°ѼŻȥҲᡣ

еա
ϲ鷳

СӴĪϱţڽ͵ƽʱǳɳġӦóԲˡ

ۡ붼û룬һӾ̧ͷ

СӺֺõЦݣĪһ¡
ʶ֮䣬ȡͷѡ

԰ɡ
ܲúӸųɳ




3.  3   ģůůġ

ĪѺͼе̨ߣԹԸš
ǿʽƣưһӦȫĪվһþǰĬá

ղŵĺڻҪ̧Ī뱾ͺԷѳȥˡ
ʲôôģĪ⵵Ŀӵʵϰ裬ӻôСѵСԼȥ𣿡
ɵվţϳʹ׶ֲɣε½ȥˡ
ʱ滳ɣЩǾô£ʮˣ׳գһûСҵǲģսĿһöԭα¶ЩڽĿϷж٣

ĻԽԽ֣أҿʼĪ״̬
Ӱһ¶棬Ѿһˡһûнӹ罻ýҲûκӪҵ˿ǵȵһڼϽĿԮǹƵġ
ǶϷۣʱĻϵĪ룬Ҳ˵һ״̬

ʮͣ䲻ܺŮŵСȣ˿ܾãĪӦñڸҫ۶ĿŶԡʱһƣѡ
ǲֻǲô緢ˡ
˵ˣǺܺ죬ȦĵλҲȵģôһҹ֮Ƶأ

Īǲǳʲôˣ
ѵǻûһء
һֱҵûٹģһҲһģֻûϢöѣһٴ
¥Щ˿ǵĳﰭۣǹ뿴̵ġ
ʵϰɵվŲ֪ô֣̾վԱҴûôɵĺӣۡ

ȷʵܰ
þĪ붼߻վŸС

ҿԳɳġΪѵ裬˵

ĪڽĿһŵĵζջ

һ¡

ؿóֻʼҲס
ѳǸҳˣܼ򵥣ֻҪͲڳ
ĪûԼ¹Щղæңôˡ

гС顣
ÿȡ
ȹ͡

Īһȵ͹ðһ԰ѷѺͼȫȥˡ
ʳĽһ𣬿Ųô̲˵ԼƽʱĲһʱ˵ӦȰѼ¹š

Σ̷ѳ˵ġ

СӶù๾У˺ԼϲΣڷǰȴ
ֻǺӵĸ̫Сˣͷͷƽ°ø߸ߵģʹҪ档

Īʱ򣬿ģĿϽĿ׼ĶͯΡ

̲֪ʲôɣ
ÿͥбΣСѴӤʱھųԸʳˣǰڹ¶Ժģûⶫ
ͻȻеᡣ

ɡĪ뽫ӷڲϣĶͯΡ

Դ˼˺þá
ɫĸӣһȽŵĵط滹аȫ



Լ𣿡ĪʣȴûбȥĴ㡣

ͷֻСֳŲΣСȻλεģ滬תŶͯεС̨ȥ
ֵ֮ͷֻСŰȫоôϵϡ

ǴˣҪ

áֿС죬¶װ׵С

СӺܶ£ԷǲιģСӣ׼

ĪҲ£ԡ
ӳԵ˹ÿһ׷ѳǾͻմһЩ֭һͳԳɸСè

ôó
Ī룬Ȼ֮䣬ЩԾ

ǲǻøһ׷



ĪҰŵģ»С޽պطҡ
طڿСαڳ

СαһкӣĸμӵΪģû뵽̶̼СʱѣѾ޲ðְԼؼˡ
ԭǣطһֱż

طѡ֣ò֣ܰŸСѾҪһչ
òףһˣڵ˿Ҫܣɺܿͱط

ְֳ𣿡

¶Ϊѵı飬ҡҡͷ
ط¶Ȱı飬ຢӵͷͰͰְֿЦ
˵꣬Сһϡһڡ

С̧Уһ
ʵãûô졣

㲻ϲ˵ֶԲԣǵϣְָ㳪Ƭ


ȻէطϤѾˣǸСӺ
¸һЩ

ǣСһֱͦظԲҪ𣿡

طǳ˳顣
ֱΪļٸЦͣ

ơ

Сգǲţط㱧űߡ
ڳ۵ùǺϽĿ֮ǰɷõ⡣
ĸģС費𣿱˳Ų
ڣѾһˣԼ裬ҲҪȥ

Χȹϲ˲̽ͷ˭

һ򿪣طͽյɴ۾Ĭ롣

ãһ׷Ī˵
󷹣϶

طͽպܿװСŸ˹ȥ
Īͷлתߡ

ȻֱһЩ²ĪǸ׳գҪǰ󷹶ǣһڼ԰˵Ҫȥڽ跹͸ֱ䣬ýζġ

ȵĪıӰȫȫʧ߷Χ֮ڣطͽ
˵ǵͨ죬òˡ

ĪҮ
ĿȻסڣ

СԴ̾һ
Ҫֵһȹʮ

ҹС϶룬ʲô취ܲ䵽Īҵľͷأ
Ȼ˿Ųôǡ޵Ҳͦÿĵģ



һֱϾŵ
Աǰúöʱܣͷ׼ʱرգֱĹٲãҲֻܵһ̺Ӱˡ
ֻ֮ǰҶһ⡪
Īᱧ˯İĻðһס϶Ầµġ

˯䡣 ĪȵԼϴ֮󣬰ͯһûɣ

شĻֻǺӡ
СŷɫıֽŷɫСǷ۷۵ɫ

СЬذڴߣƿӣ½ôƯĴŪƵģС

ͯϣȻһôôޣ
СӾϲѣޱ

ƽʱڹ¶ԺǺСһ˯ġ
һһ˯ЩţҲڴ

ңأ

Ҫʲô𣿡Īת֮ǰ˶ٽŲǲǻҪţ̣

Сӵͷ۾ģǵЦݻе

֮˫ֽӹĪţ̡
µġ

Լȥˢ

£ͯűˡ
˫ţ̱ͷһڡ

ģůůġ



һߣĪڴϷȥԺлصŵģǵʡ
˷䡣




4.  4   򸾷Ŵˣ

һʼ˯˵ġ

һİĵطӴСǱǻųӦܺá

ټ飬硣
ֻΣ졣

СμԼһС
ϵֻ֣֪Լصڡ
еҲһסڹ¶ԺСѣʵϰĸտʼ¼ƣ͵ʵϰĸҡ
ʵϰ迴䵭ɶʱ򻹻ڲ֮¶ᡣ
ദĹУ֣ʵϰȾƣȺööľơ

˰æò׵ȵʵϰְֳŷĸ⡣
СӲ֪֮ʲô⣬ֻ֪ԭУͻع¶ԺûãԺϧʵϰ衣
ƣȻӣʹһ֮뿪

ˡ



Ī˺ƺͱȥ̨
乫Ԣװ˴ССӰĪҺ̨ûУȻӰţ̨øаȫС

ļҹķ绹ȵģؿǱʲôƵģ˾ƣ뱭С
ĪĹܶӰвкȾƵƬΣӰƬеŮȾʱģŵģ΢紵ųÿһڶܡ
ʵеȴ

ɫ԰ףնȴңеһľƣһͨͨ
ס֮ǰ͹ģձҵСֲƵĺûֱӰһ䣬ƵĿڸкܲһ֮ɤۻɬ
Īȴ

һԼ֮Īһ
ǰСӽǻ汾ԾʹĻ䡣
ڣǵõʱͽʱʹעڲ޷Լ ۵ȥ˫ֽգһֱֻһֻֿٳѪӡӡ

ɼˣһۿŮʱҸУԾ顣

ʱʿСӤУӵգ˵衣
СʿţһֻͰ͵Сӣѣȴ̲סҡͷС̫ˡ

Ī뾲ţɳ񣬴ǲԾһĨЦ⡣
̼䣬Цֵȥˡ
ǲΪС㣬СˣŻ뿪Լأ

ŮദʱܶݣӲˡ
֮Ī˯ţ˯ǰһСƣ𽥿ʼƣҽ˵ȥ⡣
Ӧμ⵵Ŀҽģҽ˵ĲҩҽҳһʱȴӦˣ¼ԽԽ¡
ƴǣȴѾ̫ˡ

Ժзӵ˼˳һ
ǻǸЦһƤСӤ
Ů

Īһϸסƿ
ͻȻһ󲻴СĶɿ

ûпƣСֲϤڳƿһС
ûз̨

¹֮£Сӵͷең˵ģ˯졣

òϣܿɰ
֮ǰκһСͯǶҪɰ

𣿡

ûбĪ䵭ˣǰ˼

һͷۣ΢΢ü
ȵò࣬ʶѡ

ţ̡
ʲô
ţ𣿡

Сһؿڡ

ӵӵ̫İĵطе£ټϣͻ˼ӸӴС
˼ĪٲԸҲû취ܾ

Į̄ߣһ·ĵƴ򿪡
ƹȻůɫģǴ̵ðۡ
ӰۣĪ룬·һеıҽ־Ҫ֡

Ī˸̹ӱȡţ̺Уš̹ﵹ
ţ̡๾ࡱðøӣţ̵ȥ

ڲ̫̣Ӧȡ

ȥɣ˾˯Į̄ߣֲһ䣬Ҫٳˡ

֪СӾһֻСβͣһظԼ
ȵٴ̨£ҪȥȡƱʱֺֻѩС֣ţ̱ݹ

̺ȡ
ȹˣ˯ǰǱţůҪͰ̷
ţӦñȾƺúȣΪƵζš

Īסˡ

СӼһֱӹӣҲγ˫ĵصȴ
һӹȥˣӹȥˡ

Ī룬ŮţӦҲһ
ҽ˵Ĳҩҽ˼

ɵأеů򶯣ӹţ̱
Ⱥõţ̣滹һƤȷʵǱʺҪܶࡣ

ллĪ
Сذڰ֣ѽ



ϵһţ֮󣬵ڶĪĹϵȻ׽١
ĻĹǶһ㡣

ûоĪ̺ûô䵭ˣ
Ȼ˻һ۵СۣĪ뵽֪ҪչСˡģȻһţء
ʲôӪҼÿ緹Ҫһһ롭
¥ϵĺҴڸУû޳ʲô
Ҷע糿ʲôֻҷֽĪľ״̬˺ܶ𣿺ûôˣ

ĻֵģеĲǰ԰
Īûг͵ϰߣԼһڿȣҪﰲȴСʲôᣬСüһСƬһСƬǶܱ

Īܾûרעһˡ
һֻؿŰ
һСڼһС̣¶ı顣

ʶĹ̾ҽ˵ġڷдСʱһ¡
ʱãûʱʱ̿ںߣŮ´󣬾ͻؾϷ
ӵһ涼ûš

ʲôʸԼ

ĪָܿĮȻ顣

ĺܳʱ䣬ֱĹǣܿĪ鲻á
СӲ֪ʲôֻĪ룬սĿŷ

ֵǣĪ״⣬ֳͥĿЧȴѹֵġ
һһСȻһ𣬺гĸŮ
Ī뱾˲Ӫҵ˿ǾͰӪҵԮŲڳˢ#ĸŮ#ĴĪͰıƴһ

ֵ·˷ǲˣĿǴҵĪôСģ



Īദĵڶ죬ԽԽϲ
֮ͥǰСԱ˵ĿǸǳһʵ
ʵϰְŻؼңѾĵˡ
ΪʵϰദһҲᵽҵĸо

Ī벢֪ʲô
֪Ļֻ⺢ʵ̫ˡ
ͥͥԴӣ϶ֵһ䵭

ʱ򣬽Ŀ鷢һµ
ڼαպط׼˷ʢͣαȥǼ͡

Ī񿨣Դ˻һ֪İ
ҪŸСȥİ˼Ҵţ

̫Ϊˡ

ͬʱĻˡ
򸾱һϣڰ಻סųˣ
̫ˣ⾵ͷɡ
ӵԸ񶼲ͬһʱ϶ɿɰ
ѵûڴĪôαദ𣿸òỹǶ߸ϵ̬ɣ
뿴




5.  5   һ¶ѡ

Ǹĺӣ˼ģҲӦúܺá
ȥڹ¶ԺһλʦҪܶСѣʦ˲ôֻ࣬úǹԹԵģҪžͺá
ʲôһˣʱС˵˵ɴҶС㣬ʲôء

ʵϰ裬Ͳͬˡ
ϲ󣬸ʲôȤ
ʵϰױ̨ǰױСӶýζġ

ĪԼױΪҪϾ糿ʱ泯죬ҲֻǼ򵥴׶ѡ
Ҫȥ˼;Ͳһˡ
صش绰ѣĿһͥۼһһڹٲӪҵǵۣѵᶼҪ

Ī룬˲֪ǵԼԴǰǲӰ֮һֱûнӵʵϷˡ
㿴ϵļݣԱҪ󶼺ܸߣϻܵ˽ֹ꣬ôһӾûƵġ
ŮԱĻǺ̵ܶģ˵ʵǾͲ£꣬ʵĶȥˣ
ҪҵͲôȥˣڲģΪܺܶ˹עȰԼȶ³ȥ

ʮǰʹһ·Īҵչ˳˳ˮȴͣˡ
ϷҪԾϷֱӽ飬ϱܳԵʲôʱ
ĵݶıݲ⣬ԼҲˡ
ؽ֮ûãĪ岻ΪԵ˳飬˵ûбý巢͹Ȧزסġ

֮ĪѾ·ԽԽխˡ
ٽϸǳأ
ھڸϣһСģͻˤ÷ǡ

һεѹͷ
ǲԸ⣬ֻ״Լʱ˼ɵشȥ
ĪüģеˢŻױ̨

ױˣĿױ̨ڿһǣǿǻױ𣿡
뿴Ī뻯ױء
˵Īǲ̫ҵˣǣòӪˣѵǾսĿǮ׬ƽǡǮˣ
+1ȷʵɰĪЩ£ôô˿أ

Īȷʵ뻯ױˡ
Ȼ˭֪ˢӷµһ˲䣬һֻװС֣Ὣˢס

ûмⶫ̫ˡ
ˢë˺һС࣬һʱˢӣһʱֿӡ

СĪ붼û롣
֪ûСĻױƷȻǲںϵġ
ϾЩԱƽʱעػжױƤҲΪױƷܵˣ˵Ǻӽ۵Ƥ

Сܻױ

Ȼ䣬ˢëȴԼա

Īһ򰲰

СŽż⣬ѧʵϰղŵַˢרעɨա
ԭƤ͸ʮǳɫ죬ð͸죬ɫأܰôˢԾԵġ
µһ̷·һů˶

㡭Ī΢΢һ΢΢ס
ÿۡСԴССЦԴЩתͷҵױ̨Сһֻ߱ʡ

ʲôѽ
Ҫԡ

źӴСģĪæ߱û
ǸԼɡ̫ڵ

ĪĲ뻯ɣתһ룬ܲܰԼ̵
Ծֻ龪һǴǻǻӪҵòģ
ΡСױߣױߣ



ڼ׼͡
һʼдҵģ죬ǾԼ³
ԭʼĸ費ܶ

ĶЩҳˣ̾£رΥ͡
һӼڳ͵ģʵ۵Ǻ

ȵʰòˣһ̲˶ϲ뺰ɷʵϰæﴫִ

ԡ㷢ְָͷץһץ
Ҫø䡭
ְֵĶӣ

գ
תͷűŵķԼ
پµױҲҪͺˡ


ˡ


»ӽطڲϵطȥš
һα
αҲһСޡ
мαǸ絼ݣŽ굼Сɱ磬ˮ
ӽׯ𣬳˹ճãûʲôƷ 

Ӷǲӣŵĺӣȴͷ
СѾͷſŵĹȹһͷСëաܽݣǰһۣ¶ı顣

һ̣ͷСһ㣺ûвݮ𣿡

ׯŽǸؿ˼ңϽǰȥݡ
ȴͷһƲСֲţҾҪԲݮ⣡ҪȻðְְͨͨϳĿҰְֿǮˣҪ۸ˣĹǵģ

طǳ˳顣
ͶʷûⱩǼҡ

ֱĹڿʼͷ
ĶܺӰ
֮ǰׯŽӡͦõģÿһСĵֱ䣬ͱȰˡ
˵õʵϰĸĸģܸýСɣ

ׯû
ߵǰ£ţݹԣء
ݣݮ⣡һһ٣ҧƢ

ƢͲƯˣƯСŮŶ

СѾͷ¶˼ı顣

ׯһҪЦЦݲС

˼ã֣صҡҡͷ˵Цǻ᳤Ƶġ

Դվһԡ
Ҫ۸СͯеСģ

ȫ˶֪ôСĻ
ڽմԲһݮ⡣

ʱŵķűá

ҶĿ⡣

޶˵ŮǴһ۵СŮվ
СģŮǵȴ߸ϣü֮͸ż䵭ϰ߱ӣȷԼĳ֣ȻΪĿĽ㡣

շòӪҵ̫ÿ˰ɣϽ
ղһۿȥеľ޸ˣǸĪ밡
̣軯ױ

պطӭݡ
ׯ˵һߣ͵͵Īüۡ

֮£Ž򶨡
첽ǰ֣׼õƬϣҽܣãĪС㣬ǡ޿ܡ͡һ̥衷ĵŽһֱҪҸʶ㽻һϵʽ𣿡

Īû֣ĿⶼûƬϣֻѰ䡣
ղС˻ױƷԷ֮ǰϴ֡

ʱһһȥׯΪɷеѿСɷס

ͻȻ֮䣬һֻС
ӹ̽СƬ

ҿٵصĽֺչ

ŽŲԼıðһ亹

۾ʶһҪ顣
ͯеСӦóŶԣ

ͻȻϲˣоĺǿ
ӰĲˣô䵽һһϽĿ
ƽĿеǮӰ˰ɡ
̺ůĿŽΣԲŰƬӹġ

һĻպط۵Сۣʾ˴ˡ
ͷô˼ˣ
һ

֮˽ţСȻܲ
ڽк³Էʱݸׯߣʵ˭

ׯĪǧ̬֮Ϊɷеֵ
ĸһ侭͹˾ЩСϢ˵ĪѾʱͬˡ
һˣƾʲôɷɫ

ҪŮǡׯѹ
ݹСû˵ǸС˭

ׯתͷƳ˰һۡ
СӴ·ǽĿ׼ģĪףһξˮɫ
˿ûоĴ磬ȴ·ɢŹâ

֣е
üۣ̬
Ŀ黹ɷѿģΪͷȻҵһСӡ

أҪˡ
ׯƽһ¶ѡ

ʲô
ղſûʲôڸеӣû뵽Ȼ˵Ļ̫ܺøˡ
ˣĪ尡Ҫ۸ˣ




6.  6   ֲЦˡ

պط㰲ⳡۻᣬΪ˲侵ͷ
˶Ǹ֣һˣ˶ҪģĿΪĪĲ룬õԽԽ˹עΪܼ©˭ֱ֪ѾеڶˣֱȻֻмǧڡ

˵ֱǷȱͷЩ⡣
׼컰ˡ

ׯ˵Ļͺ޲ȥĪС档
ĪͻȻ˵Ҫؼõ㶫һŻ

յĻɤۣһ񣬼ׯͻȻ¶Цݡ

ǰÿɰ

ССһ
ղ˵Լǹ¶ơ

ҽׯԺ㡣˵

С죬û
ãԼĶˡ

ׯЦСûһ㣬Сء
˶٣˵СѶǳòŶѧϰ

ﲻϲС
Сʲôݣ
ƾʲôԼɷ΢ذʱƬ
ҲԹ߿һаĻׯö

Īû취εĺӡ
¶ԺĺӣԱ֮Ҳͻᡣ
ϲСѵĹڣҲϲһ޵С

ֻǸ㣬øĸԼƢˡΪĺӣû˻ϲׯֻа˵

Ȼׯ˵ĻȦˡ
СӵС־ִٵԼ½ǣһ㣬һԡ

ĿĹԱ˵ʲôᱻ
¶Ժʳõİȴ˵ϽĿĺӣñֺãֲãԺʧᱻͻȥ
ϲʵϰ裬ô뿪

ӰĶúġ
һ⣬·ܿҪ

ׯվŵԲֻǸļ䣬Ϳˡӵһİĵط𣿡
ŽЦסӵôܹ㣿⺢̫ˡ

˶ǰԡ
ԼΪġ

ݴЦ´ģҰΨһСˡ

⺢ȷʵ̫ˣ˵仰ͿޣôеСӦúദġ
¥ϵģǰɣͲģԴܲܿһ㣿ޣҧŴס᲻Ҹҵӣѵû𣿡
Ǻӣұ֤ԼȰǿ𣿡

ڵĻ۵÷зʱĪˡ
Ƕ²⣬ĪԸһҪ޲޵ӡ
ϾǻСġ
һʱ֮䣬ҶΪС˰Ѻ

ôˣĪ뿴Сģʵ

ŽӽͣԼͲƵģر죬ϻҲ١
ׯֱ׳úӸҴкһ㣬ңµضҲ֪⺢ӵĵôС˼

Īٴο򰲰
ཱུţСֶ֪š

СˣֻԸ񲻺ãǹġׯƽ

˭֪δ䣬ͼĪ¶Īı顣

ΪʲôҪ

ׯһ㶡

̴кĪ˵

̺áСֲ˲۽ǣ

ׯ𴽽ǵЦ⽩סˡ
ͻȻ֮ᡣ

ӵԸܺãûʲô⡣Ī
ͷֻǶ㺰㣬ſ˶ѡ

ׯৡһºˣҶԺӵ̫˽⣬ˡ
ֻһСαѣĮĪ룬ôԸΪͷ

ʲôѽǿûû˰۸ˡֹ
ط㳶½ǣҡҡͷ
𴽣ѻȥ
˵Ҫͻģ費ܱ

ΪôأԭǱƺӺ㣬ѺӶƿˡ
ʵϣǽ㻹ǰ̣һ۾Ϳˡ
СԸɺõúܣûòˣĪ̳ã
ôׯôأϹ䡣

ׯɫǵͨ죬װµ³Է
ĪѻؼĶͯˮݸ

Сˮ򿪸ӣ˹ˡһˮ
ȱˮֱ֮һԼǣĿһʵϰ衣

ղʵϰ˵Ըõúܣ
СӺߵغСˡ

ղҾͿСԼˮʱԺˮ
ĪҲע⵽ˣصػؼҸ𣿡
Ȼ࣬Ҳױ̣ʵĬĬĹҲů



׼һļҳСˣÿ˶ʢһ뷹
ֻǷն˵ĪǰʱͻȻʲôĪ㣬ǲǲ׷ģ

£ܻسóһ߲ɳӯܻ

ط˵Сյķǳϸܿǵÿ˵Ҫ

Ī뿴ˣǽΪԼӵϷ

ׯԭڷֶ˶٣Խ˵鷳Ҳһɳ𣿡
ҲԱȻͬҪģʱ׼顣

û߲ˡ¶źı飬ķѾԹˣڲҪˣ˭أ̫˷˰ɣ

ׯһŽ

Ž˵Ҳһ뷹ˡżһ뷹ûµģ˻ؼ˶СʱƽЩɵ㡣

ׯϽӵһš

Ůǵʳôϸô뷹ҼĹŮֹô࣬Ȼûȥ˶Сʱģ
ׯķ˿֮ǰעСĳ˺ţ˵ԼСǳԲֵʣջһʣһ˵ء
˺poЩʳͼ˭ԵģǸѾ
srdsׯȻз˿ĿܲѾ߰ź÷۸̡



ĿĹԢ治ΪƽʱԷʱĳһֵܰգĲСͣǿǿֻܼˡ
ڽ׼һһ̣ʢ˲ˣ˵ͯǳȥ

һݣСһкС¡
СǰһһֻŶͯ꣬һֻСӣǰһ˻һţ̡
ţϣƽʱǺȵ٣˫۾ֱŰװ๾̿ˮ

һ򿪣˺װܵĴӣС˴򿪡

ͯķűˣҲ˲ϳԷһӾͰϺȸɾ

ݻɫ̫ڳϯˡ
ϱûһˡ
Ǻһʱ̼һţ̫ɰˡ
ղǸݲǺܵҲ֪ûдڣ᲻۸

ȻҶˡ
ڳԺ֮ǰҲû鷳
ӰϺ֮󣬸Կֻо׽

֪ԭСǡϯʱͲ졣

ڳǶǺþúþ֮ˡ
ԼԲСӣԼİ

Ŀ⣬С϶Цݡ

ݵСֻڳԳŵСϡ
ֲЦˣͺѰѽ




7.  7   СҪˡ

Ǳ軵ССǰ̲ס۸ˡ
۸

ΪСѣЦģеɰ

Ѱɣ˵

ͷϲˡ

ݵС¶ɻɫ
ûѣƽʱڼңֻбķ̺԰档

ôѣʡ
ǿ찡Ц棬С̫

ǡϯСǿʼӻԾԣһûһģϵرš

ʲôǹ¶ͻȻʡ

ѽôܺӹȻܺӣûʡ̫á
Ҹоǹģֻһʶѡ
СӶʲôҲ治֪ʲôǹ¶

˵ǹ¶ʲôǹ¶ʡ

ĻĹǺ޲סݵ͡
ô˿أ
С̫ˡ

ֱĵĻ˺ܶ࣬ǹ뿪ˣǣҶĿŰѹ

ȻڴΪ¶յı飬ߵ½ʱСӵı֣ȴǵ֮⡣

¶ûаְСŴŴ𣬰ֱݣϵؽ͡
ûаְ𣿡ݺʡ

ҡҡͷ

ֱǵɤۡ
군ˣݻ᲻Ц

˭֪һ̣¶Ľɫ
ãǾͿһֱƬҲ°ְѵӹصˡ
һֱʳõ
벻˯Ͳ˯벻ԷͲԷ

ԸǲԷ˯
ڣ½ѾȻôɡ
̫Ϊ¶ˡ

ֱĹǿÿЦãɤ۵ȥ

ͯ޼ɣ
ֱϽ׼ãһؼҾͿ򣡡

ֱޱȻ֡
˵ĻŰĿ⣬񿴴һ㡣

ֵ۾
ȵعʱС¶΢ı顣
ǿСɵϡ

¶ǰְ£û취ߵģС˵ͷѵ˵ǣĺӡ

ûаְһ㶼ãû˱Сˡ

ܺá
ʱ۽ëʪģҲ֪ǲǿˡ

ÿ¶иҵġ˵ţװСԴõ͵͵ġ

Сǰްֵͣϲޡ
ǿСˡ

ˡ
Ҳмҡ
һΪʮļң

һ룬̧ͷͻȻ֮䣬Сһġ
ݰѸ첲ļϣһֲֻ˵Ժ㣡



ٷԵջǢ
շĪŽׯӵʾãԼһ㶼߰
ȻԼҲִܶ磬κл⣬ֻսĿĻȥ

ׯ͸ˣûǴϼ䣬ԽԽ
ǡط˾ƣÿ˵һ

ׯã뱭¶ǣûôʵˡ
ٷһ
ԽԽ뷴

Ȼ֮䣬Լĸ˵СϢ
˵ĪһֱûعԼĸΪǼù⡣

Ŀʼˣûмء
Ī㣬˵Ƕĵⶭ𣿡

ĻĹ
Ī붼һˣ˭֪ɷ򾿾˭

ׯϾȦʿ˵֪Щʲôأ

ܿ죬ǾͲ鵽ⶭƬ
һ̣˶ˡ

ԴԲԲƤİͷӣĪһ
˵Уĳಢȣǡ
ȫ䰡

ԽԽҵⶭŮƬ
һĿڵȫҸɷˡ

ѵĪƻ˼ͥĵߣ

Ļըˣ׵ӪѾʼ༭С⣬׼ֱӰϷȥ

Īûϣֻÿ׳յׯһۡ

ׯ޹˵ǲǲð˵ģǸΪֻһɵѾۻᣬԲһСûպ÷ִ硣Ī㣬㲻Ұɣ

˭ѣ

ׯɫһס
˵ˣҲûʲôòҴŵġ

Īɷù⣬ΪʲôԸܸʶ
¾һβμӽĿĪҲû

ʮ¼ƣţ͹ȥˣ

ʱˣǡŽׯؼҡ
ׯȴ˦֣˵˵˵Ķʵǵʲôѽ

վתҪߣǡʱĪڲϵֻˡ
Ƶͨ

ׯۼ⣬ĪĻ֮ͨ϶Է֡
ġ

ͷ񣬹ƾˡ
ϴһ

ƾׯӺ¡¡ġ
һ˿⣬ȴǼװί㿴ĵⶭƵ绰ˡ

ڳ˶ʯˡ
ͺΡ

һһţûͣµʱ
Ļ
˵ĪһͲǺΪԭӺͶŮƽ˷ƣˢĪȦĵĻ

ôŵʱ̣ĪÿЦı飬ٴƳׯһۣ漴ϸָĻϵĽܼ

룬ʣǰʱǸɷͿǿںʲôɫţҸˡ
ܲ˺üˣɢҸϽ绰

ĻϣһźĴ
ܿ죬ĴͱƿˣչŴݵӡ

밡˾ǲǶ̫ˣ

£ׯɫʱࡣ

Ļˡ
ŶλСϾҪˡ
ڽĿȶԽԽ󣬹һλ滻ļα϶Сˡ




8.  8   

̫̫ɢֻͷֱް
֪ŮһսĿ¼ƣ֪Ŀֱʽ㣬ΪĪܽƵǻţ޹˼ɵسҳ
һĪϻϽĿĿںʲôɫţһ֪ȹǲһĿʱʱ˴䣬ȴĻĹһ˵깷ȻҲܺóԡ

֪Ů䣬ôҲ⣬ɤӣ׼¿Ǹ̸Ļ⣺밡ӶѾܳʱûһؼҳԷˣ

˾ˡĪĻͷ΢΢һתӳ뼸İס

ɴ۾ѻû˵Ļ̻ȥ
裬ϴεĿںǻױʦõģ֪ʲôɫšһһ£˸͹ȥ

æ˵Уæ

ȵƵ绰
ǼŮʲôʱ򽻵ôͬԷˣ

¶οЦݣȽŶˣɢɷɿ쾺ߡ



һߣ绰֮Ī룬ɫؿׯ

պطҲǱġ
ҲǲȶȵһѺˣȴûôҪƤ顣
žͷӰˮôôأ

ᣬһѡŽƳĬε𲻶£Ǳƽϡ

ʮüˣ£бһۡ

ׯԭأôᡭ
СϢĸ˵ģŶԡ

𣬸ϿĪСǸŽͷ亹ӵ䡣

ׯɵƵģؿĪ룬۵Ĳš

ֱĹǣҲϷ绯һĻˡ
֪ҵ˵乫˾Ӳ֪Ī˿ġ
ԣĪ벻ԼҵչúãС

衢ذְ֣ǳԱˡƿųСβ͡
óСһദòٳʱЦģ޲֣ݶɵúܡ

ӵĵ˽Ӳ棬ׯһͼɻء
ԼԣСݸղСʲôأ
졣ݺʵϰ軹ûô죬㿪۵СӶҪ

ʲôѽׯװȤӡ

αǶǳˣһߵĵûپղׯĨĪ¡
Ͼôڶ½Ŀ֮ùȥ

İǸ¶¡תͷһѴŰļСŮԼˣԺ

̺Сݵؿݡ

ׯһףͼתƻ⣺ˡ
ɽüͷһС㣬ô֪¶£

ׯ⣬Ƶݮ⻹û𣿡

붼û룬СָׯıǼ⣺ҵģ

ׯҡ
ݰѰļ򹴵øѣǿңҪҰֻ㣡߸ߣ

ڳ˶ɴ۾

Ӱ룺ϵʡҳָĿʩѹˡ
ׯ̫ˣ֮ǰԻӸϽ߰ɡ
ǰݵСеÿģׯŽĿ飬СŮ
ղ˭ܺӺͱţˡ

ʹɡ
㡣


ׯѾûˣװؼҡ
ݮ⵽׻ǵˣΪֱ̫пôҴȥ

ؼҵʱ򣬰˫ֶСֽ̣˫۾ǳڵƵġ
»ػҪŶպطЦеվűߣͬ

شӦԼĵߡ
߷ˡĪ뺰һСѹûҪĸ첲ջ֣һСˮı

Ǳߡ

ŻعСġ
Сҳ
ĵ尢̻¶Ժ汾仰ӻ汾ѧġ

һһСصҡ
ʵϰ򿪵ƣСӸϽܵߣѵ¡
СֲСմֽ̱صͣϴСһڡ
ѽ

ҿԳ𣿡ԲִСĪ롣
ԣϴ֡Ī˵

˻ˣաȥϴ֡
ıӰĪ붼ûԼĴǲԾ

СϴֳҪĪȥԵ⡣
Сֻûʵϰ֣ͱźۼض㿪ˡ

Ī۲˳Ӳһ԰ɡ

Сʲôûıȥߣ϶ͯΡ
Сӣؿӣֿͷ

ܴ֪˵ֱ֮رյʱ䡣
ǣʱϵָгж̣

˳Ŀ⣬Ī뿴һʱ䡣
ڲŰ˵㡣ͣϵĽĿڸڼңֱͷûп

ƶǶصͷ

ǵģͷţڰ
Ӱһ㣬Ŀôκһأ϶ҪؼҺճ
ǲǿԿӰһˣ
ǰ̣ȸʱһˡ

ֱĹ໽УǰİĪԴ˻Ȼ֪

ĪźӳԵ⡣
ܵĵ⣬ǶŰŰŵʲݮСҨһСڣ͡
㴼Ũζڿǻг⣬ţСһҧݮζֱŷ

ζһһģݽСӶ̾æͣ졣

Թԣǵ÷
СֽСкõĵ⣬Լǿ飬͹ɵطӡ

̳ԡ˵
ղʶѣڽĿлẰ裬硰衱͡ׯ衱ô

ҲԡĪ뾫µü΢΢
ԣˮĴ۾ֳڵˡ

ðѵ꣬תһ룬˯ǰô㣬ǲǲã
ٳˣȥϴһҰ㡪Īһ¡
Լϴ裡С˵

ͺðˡ
Ī˻ϴ·ȥʰһСֽ̣ͰԱߡ

ֻǺȻ֮䣬Ŀ˶١
һͳԵʲô
һʱĿڸ֮Լ֣ƤҲΪǷֶ˥ϡ

ʱŵ⣬ȻһĶ
Ե̫ˡ
ӣ·ûκηա

Īѵԣ
Ȼܡʳܿôϸôϰ˵ը
Ҳܣȥ꿴ӰŶӸvlogʳ̫ˣ˾͵͡
Ϊ˿һͦģɳӦûκȤˡ
¥ϵģпԼɡ

Ī붢ŵ⣬á
Ϻ˸Сˣ֡
԰ɣ԰ɣһڶѡ
Ѿѵˡ

Īü΢΢š

ôԣ
ı飬ȫûƽʱĸÿμʧܵҡ
Īеɰ
ˣˣлĿûйرͷ͵ԵһĻˣ

ȻĪӡ
ŵ⣬һᣬһһס
һ¶ǣסˣüĻչ

Сˢ߳İһĭգգۡ
ǰ˵ʮֱ֣䡰žһ׼رա

ֻĹ˼
ϻصֱ䣬᲻ῴĪ֪Ļ棿

У֪ׯǲҪݸϳĿء




9.  9   һơ

ʵϰĸ⵵սĿӿڣʱ䡣
ڣյȶԽԽߣӪҲᷢһЩȦСƬΪ棬ǵĹע
йںǵƬζܰɰ˴Ǳߣûκξ籾ۼ㽪պطСʱ˵㣬Ҳ˴š

ЩСƬͨͨûĪһڳ͵Եĵ޺תߡ
ƵУӰСڵ⣬һʼֻǽԣһڵڣ˫ͻȻƵģһ޵ı顣
·ˡӻķ˿¶ôɵһ档

еġ
ĪѾʮˣںܶǰҲ
ֻЩ꣬·ͻȻ˸ˡ

ĵķ˿ҳȥƬںԮٲϡ

ĪǰıҪչܶ࣬ƬҲܿദʱҲȽɳڡ
ҵӡУһֱ̫ӵԸ䵭ġ
䵭䵭ǰҪֺܶء
ûз֣ƬĪ붼̫ЦòЩ˰ɣ

ۣû۳ʲôȻ
䣬û˵Īҳʲôʡ
ʮ꣬أǴϲ¡



Ƕֱ䡣
ϰ˵ʮֱ֣˹
һ̣һŷŴֻĻѩѩ׵Ƥٺ͹ڴк

ִԲգΣˣƯСӳ
СӿһɻСͷǰŪʱʱסҵߣȴû֡

ĻҶڻ˵ϺãĻܸеů
һŲ
ͷ̣⾵ͷ

ôˣ
ڵľͷǿŵģ죬Ҳǿŵġ˵

Īߵͷǰ
һһСԽԽ㡣

ǱݳϹǵŮԱͷô
оĪ״̬֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ףҲ֮ǰû񡣡
ѵΪˣ˯ñ֮ǰã
ȻɰҲ鵤ҩ¥ϵĿˡ

˵죿ĪŴٷŴԲ۾򶨡

һؽ͡
ڿŵʱᷢ΢⣬ʵϰûע⣬۲쵽ˡ

ʱ˰塣
ĪðһԼȥš

һ򿪣վľһƽı飬Ц档
￴һۣźԼİͷ漴ĪԼߣյ˵Ļ

ı̫ˣѳϵһ΢˲ٷ˿żһεⲻҪ˿Ǿɰ·Ƕ˸ӡ󣬾Ƕë
˵ʲôëѵ˵Ī͵Ե⣬һ㶼ɣҪô˵ҾͰǿġһ鵰ôˣôԣ

Ī˵Ļϵıһ˲ֱ䡣
𾪵߳ܣؽʵޱӡ

ת˲ŵĲܿͱνɫȡ֮㻹һ¡
ܾûĪˡ
һԼƵµˣı仯Ϊʲô

ʶ֮䣬򰲰
ƺСӰ˸æ

а԰ɣһμ棬Ŷ׼õİװߡ

Բ۾
ۣһյ



˵лл֮Ⱒ̰æߡ
һۺɫСӣװһűޣһЩΡװԼ֮С
Ǹű޻ױߣʱ²ӦСѾͷϲģû뵽ǣյߵİôܳ

ͷͥĺ߶ǶѵﶼŲ£ܲϧ
ɰֻһߡ
һһῪű޵ͷСֵĶᣬ¸Ūˡ

ӵ̫רעûʵϰ贩׼š

ûôСĺӡûʲôҪעģʡ

Īͷһۡ
峿⻹ȣСشߣߡ
շ۷۵ģǻԾ𣬹ɼˡ

ûʲôҪעģԵľСĪ˵һ£˵ܹԡ

ĪҪȥﰡѵȥ
ԼҪţصҾæӣİң˵̺ùԵʱ򣬾ڿԼҵıء
ǰûֱӰѺӶ˼ȥأ̫ˡ

ڹǵУĪҴҳš



ڼСʱĪû˵
⺢ʡġ
һССߣôʱ䣬¶Ц̫ˡ

ʮһ㣬ϱʼǱԣ׼ȥ
˻û

һ򿪣һˣԶ˿ҲӰû
ֱһ·

ͷһСһһ
ݣֱ⺢ӡ̡

ݣϤ̧ͷһۿݣܹȥ

ڴǰûòʵ˵ϲ˰ǰͱúġ

ݣô
ҵʵϰ豻ˣܿͻµļͥȡǡ

׽еʧ䣬գգۣ㶵˭Ǹߵѽ
Ұݳ̾һ

Ժˣͷ
ݸ˾ˣΪʲôҪ˳Լأ

ݺܿʱ԰ֻңֻ￴㣡
СѲֻ̫۾ῴġżؽ͡
ԴڼﲻֻǾÿ춼ˣ

ʣְأ
ְҪǮҪȾƣҲҪͰְһǮݡǶûմҡ

ֱĹǳĬˡ
⵵ĿʵϰĸΪ˸ĸҪԣжٴһõ߷ֵĴ
ݵĸĸ˵æµǽӶķ԰Ľڣѵһʱ䶼鲻
ղſȻıҲܿóǷǳҪġ
ΪĿ̣ݵĸĸñ͵Ŀи죡

˼УٹֱȥĿĹٲԡ
Ҫ飬ŶӽĿ䵽ʵ

ݵĸĸû˾塣
ϰˣҡڵϳ̧ͷŴԼֵİ¶һЦ

Ƕû뵽֮ǰϲܺҪ뿪ĿʱԼȻô뵣ǡ
ĽĿܿյҵķѸڹٲһö

һǽĿѾϵݵĸĸϣǿԷ¹麢ӣԷҲѾʼ˼Լ
ǽĿ¼α

αСôҸȤһĸŮ
һĪʱԱ磬һǳС
ȥ粻𣬵ԴŮżȻڶƵϳ֮Ҳõٹᡣ

˵ǰĪ綼ǿư˻ͬͬѧ
֪ǲѣ

һĸŮһǼĸŮټͷĪķ˿ǻ浣Ӱѹ˷ͷ



һߣĪӳ
һͷ˾ѾһĵβһֻֽīڱͷϿ˸ñӣñѹ͡

Ǹӡ
Ѿܳһƣ״һֱûкת

֪ΪʲôһΣĪܾ᲻һ




10.  10   û뵽ôߣ

ҽڷضΣټֻһҽԤԼʽṩԲκγҽʿײϡ
ĪƿŽʱûκ

ڣűƿһöķɶ
Сʿǰ̨ϣһ̧ͷͿĪ롣

ĸټԼ֯΢ţп㣬ճ毺õΣͶ·һӰɹɢһ㡣
ĪߵʿǰīñӲûժ£˴룬Ƥѩϸ塣

ʮԤԼ

СʿԤԼϢȷ֮Ī˸롱ƣĪС㣬Ҵȥɡ

ĪĽŲ˶١
ƽʱԼȥġ
һеģעز˽ԱػؾôˣҶǳרҵҲࡣ
֮ǰСʿü棬ôһΣԷô飿

Īûʣߡ
һɨȴСʿҪ˵ʲôֱͣӶǵͨ졣

Ҳ֪˶ãСʿڹ

ĪС㣬Һϲ㡪

Īкܶ˿ϰˡ
Ҫ˵ܵлһ̣СʿĻȴѻ̻ȥ

ʵϰŮСʿ˵ڣۿɼһ

Ī룺

ĺÿɰҴûôɰ۵̣ĪС㣬һҪһŶ

Ī룺õġ



ҵĲúܼ򵥣ůɫĵƹ˸еʰġ
ҽĪ£ЦºͣĪС㣬ô

Ī뽫ñӺīժ£Ӿµ޿޵ġ
һʱ䣬ҽ˵ҲܲԼƽȣ񾭶滺

ߡԹйǺȻŵķʽʺ㡣ҽ˫ֽգ΢΢ǰ㣬ǾͿѰ취˵һεա
ʮ꿪ʼӦھ۹£һأϰߵķʽʹ࣬ٻ

ĪС㣬Ѿöˣ̫Ⱦƣ˯Ҳǲ󡣡

Ī˵ҶǸӣЩִԼ˺

ᣬǸ˺˵ˣͲĥԼôʱˡҽЦ˵ҿϵƬΣˮҲ֪СѲ˯ǰ̫൰⡣

⡭
Ī΢

һİҽǵЦӰݣżƽ̵ѧʵԼҲһֶΡ

ʳ֡˶ɨڷ顣
ĪС㣬ҪٳͷԼˣ⣬㡣

ᵽǳ⣬Ī⳹
תȥ

ҽûټȥشһ

Īһʱ龰

ʱüû˯ɫ԰ףһͼҽ
̫ìˣһʶԼҪƣһ棬ȴܾҽ硣
ҽ˳һʱĪԼרҵǶȽܡʵϰĸյԼԽ⿪Ľᡣ

ҽԼĽûд
ΪһΣĪ롰⡱ʱԾɷǳ

κöˣһ



ø˰̴һ𣬺ûкʵϰһʱȤ
ȻʵϰڴʱǱֳĬģⰢкööĻϲʵϰСβ͡

СӸղⰢ̵İѧῴʱˣһһǽϵʱӣʵϰؼҡ

÷úԼڷ߳ԣԼѳʰɾ
緹СʱСӾ͵˯Ҫ˺壬ԹԻصԼĶͯë޿ʼ˯⡣
ʱ仹磬ϰѺĨⶼɨһߡ

ǱͰһڵĪؼңɵŵţֱĻˡ
ԽԽ𾢣Žӵܽ׸ǽ⡣

ղϴϰ״׺СմͺˣһͿȥɱ
̻Ͳϴֽ̼߱ĤͲˡ
С

ֱֱһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ǸõСرֱأٿһĪ

˭û뵽ǣҿſţȻ𾢵ġ
󣬲ĬĬҳеСմͱĤ

ɨƺͦѹģ



Īڰ˯ûؼҵġ
ǻһݣҪЬͿһཱུӰһƵģಡһ¾ˡ

Ī뻹ûع񣬽űѾһ˫Ь
 Сһ˵ø߸ߵģ¶׿ɰС

Īһ¡
СǶ
ûһڼȹ

ɺȻڵİڵ

Ҫ̱ؼһ졣
ĺϲĪɣҪȻôΨʵϰأıһ£᲻ǽĿ̵İ
СֲʲôĿЧ;籾˭ã˭ĪԸǱȽ䣬԰ܺõģֲֻаϲ߲ϲӡ
СֲɵƵء

ĻйҪ̧ܣŰůЦ̲סջطĻСϵָ

ǹǣĪģǱһëһ㣬΢ĸо
ղűߵģÿӾҪûС
ߣϲһ㿪ŵϽܹˡ
֣ദʱһɣôôͶԵ

ڸϴԡ
ԴĪԵµ֮ʶˣһƽʱ̰ԵŮǣһȫϯѡ
ĪϣһΪӰ⻷һԭͻȻʼӵ

ȻˣһĮ˺ͿɰͶԵӦҲǽӵɣ
ȥ˵ЩĪشϡ

㣬Ұѿںȥ𣿡

𣺡ҸˡǸɫŵĿں죬ټһ׻Ʒǰɣ̫ˣҪ졪
üȥɡĪĵԣֱš

ˣ˺ó
ȻǸˣĻöŶ
Īȣ˵Ҫͬɫں죬ء
ҲҪӰͬɫϵں죡
¥ϵ+1

ݵ︺һ㣬ȥ˳׼˵ľͿں졣
ȻڳӸշʱֻˡ

绰Ī

㣬Īһ¡
˵ɷ죬ɽѾֱĵˡ

¸ˡ

ֱĹԽԽˣ϶µġ㣬Ī𣿡

Ĭ
û
ֻĪ벻μӽĿѣ˸ڶѡ

˵Ҳϣһ
ӰĻӦͯһòŶԡ
Ī͹⿴ȻǵǶԵģǼѾĻϵһ룬ͷ

ҳ󲻿ʮ¼ʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣϾϰɡ
ǲ֪ܲϵǸʱ



ĻȻѾʼӰɷ
ֻһû̫ãˡ

һ򿪣һƯӳ
Īһӵ룬ڿһ¼Ŀˡ

ĪûлرͣڰУЩ㵡
ߣҲŮ˸

ѵĪǰ𣿡
ĸŮÿɰС̫ĺů
̫ϲˣΪ¼αأû뵽ôߣ

գգ۾ؿ磬ڻȻ

֮ǰׯ𳤵죬ΪԼм߲³ġڻҡ

λհỊ̇СӾ͸İˡ




11.  11   Сëȣ

УеĹ¡
ǵУĿû죬Ȧ졣
ӻС֪ʲô˼ֻ֪һʼĿ鰲񡢻ǽԼʵϰ裬һͳΪеĽ㡣

ǱС˵Уʵϰ貢һС
ƣҲӲʵϷԼνԼ첻ˣ㱻Ҳûʲô˵ġ

Ŀβ
칦ϣвμӹ⵵Ŀļαǻһ𣬶ô벻ǣһλ֪ˡ
˶ΪҪĪԼϷģ˭֪ҵ硣
ҲǴʱʼĪ⻷ֱѣ漴еһؼëȦеĵλһǧɡ

֮ʧڴڵҰС

뵽һĻ˶ˡ
ӵסСŤŤֺĻѳ
ţȥʵϰ衣

ԭвûǷʵ˺Ī飬Ǹ̫ˣʶҪʵϰ衣

ʵϰҲúý
ôأ

Դ룬СһԼĪ֮䡣
һβУΣü֮䣬òײŷֿ
мİеȣǲرĪ룬С̯סĪĴȡ

ӣĪ볹סˡ
ͷͬʱסԼİ磬˼
ʲô棿
ΪʲôҪԼ
˵һ𣬺񺺱

ڱˡ
˼ԼĶԾɹŲõЦݣ豻ұţСһﶼԴˡ

ߣҲǣ󷽷Ц

ʲô
ôƵ𣿡
Ůеְɣǹʶˣ԰˵Ǿİ˰

Īһαƿģָסӵĸ첲ʱȴСڶ
ƺǺ£߷ŭ

ӣĪҲƿˣĺӵı

ԼŮԴЦ˵ǲŰˣ
ֻǾÿɰѽۣҲ֪ҡ
ÿСӶһѵŶеС򣬻Ầ¡

ðһκѼô飡ҹע˺ţرбڴ
emmm⻰ǰ֮ǰѵûݶأ

繴ŮСǼ⣬ߵĪǰĪ룬þò̫ˡ

׺壬ʵϰļ֮󣬻¾ֳ
ֻԾɲ̫ϲǰ̣ҪĪȥ

ĪӵĲһۡ

ŮԸܻãŵĻǸƤسĪͷ˵Ҫ֮ǰҾ㣬ŮͶϤˡ

ЦݣĪĴ

˵ˣǾȻһ¼աʵ̫ûˣҶû뵽ǻ

ЦݳԪʹԼ˫ġ
һֱչ¶ľֹ۵

ֻϧԷˡ

Ī룺˼ǣ

סˣӻġ

ǸսĿҪȣĪslay
˵ʵҵһο磬Цȷʵɲ֪ΪʲôǾƹһϡ
¥ϵĶĪķ˿ɣѵĻҾϲģĪѣܱҭ

紹¶ı飺ǰͬͬѧ

Īһҡҡͷ

ǿس˳ǣƽҿ⣬̫ˣһкܶϷҪģԼʹͬͬѧҲûʲô档
ҪǸԼһ㣬Ц֮ǻΪܺõѡ

һ˵ţͻȻ鵽Ī½ǡ

ˣ

Сӣͷ
Ī˵ȥ

ֱӱȰˣֻؼҡ



ڶһ磬¼αʽĿС

һαȦϷǣӶǽʮ͡
ҵæµˣڵûкڣֻϽĿ鲻ͬҲͦ˼ġ
Ŀǰŵ˺ӣǴӱɸѡкͣŰõĻǵĻ˵еƧ

ڶαŮ֪ĸټߣзͨϰ壬֮ǰ׼Ϣһع⣬в˵˲䡣
˭֪˾ȵĻںͷԭзѾ飬֮ԴһŮ

ݵĻߵķ˿˵ϽĿΪº֪зͬ⡣
߹ִҪżŮμ⵵սĿ
Ҫü˿Ǹ˵裬Ҳܰӹá

ֻڡ
ҪؼңҪҰְ֣СŮŽſ֡
εغţְҪϰ࣬Ͼˡ

ҲҲ

αˡ
ΪĿΨһһӵĴڣĿ鷢ĹǴšġ

̵öã

αսĿİţ̨Ӱ¼Ƭͷ



һߣα϶ҲҪ뵽С
طͽշϴã֣ߺ̺ĵӰһӵϻŸճvlogŶ
ȣĪͰҪ͵ܶ࣬һһСֲŶ˹Ԣķȥ

ķܸߣŵСȣСƨɱĪϳ

պط״򿪳ʹɫ
ǸӰͬһķأϽģ

ĿĹԢȽƫԶ̵һСʱ
ںһ桰һһϷֻǳҡҡλεģӲɴ˹Ƿ

ǷᴫȾطԼĴȣ˯ְϡ

˳ƿʵϰְֵԼ۾

˯ӿҪ֧ŲסСԴϵ
ӣĪûԼļ

ɻָʵϰֱۣԴ
õĬ֮Сذȥܿ˯ˡ

ֻ˯˯ţӵüš
εԭˡ

ڵ̨ſڻͣ£ĪѺӡ

˯˸
ط屧³֮еݡ

Сʵϰ֣աӰСëȡ




12.  12   ĳƬ

ʵϰ֣ƴ̨ܡ
ӲǹڻԾӣƽʱҲܶ£ԼתܣĪһӦɻ

ôˣʡ
ܵСظţҪҪٵˣ

ΪżСӵͨ죬СȻûͣɿš

ôΪղڳΡ
Уһκȫαһڵ̨Ƭʱʵϰٵˡ
ʵϣĪѹ֪ʱ䣬ķһʹŰţ˭֪طͽڼҴ̫ãŵˡ

αǶȴȻֻٵʮӣʮӶֱĹ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ֱĹǶĪ벻ҵȴ֪˼ôһ㣬ƽ˵ĪȦĵλǶһҲӦõġ
⻰һ˵ڣ͵ǶԶ˷򸾣˼ʮϷǣû˵ԼǰĪ뵹ˣˣ

Ī뱻ѣӰ·˹۸УֱĲٹתֱ
֮󣬽Ŀͽˡ


ֻ̨̫ˣơƣͲϵ·

СӼ۶ˣĪסԲ¡˵תͷһԱʵϰĸ¼



ʵϰĸѾʼ¼ʱ䣬ڲƬͷǽĿˡ
һʼĿͶĳɱߣȫľѶĪ룬̾һдӼ򡣵⵵ĿȶȱߣƬγȦ֮ͶʷԽԽˡ
˽Ŀӳֱʱ䣬ʮΪʮ졣

һµѸˣĿ͸Ҫúá
һЩǺ͸ĸĲɷúͻգٲ׽аĻʱڹϣȻѡ

Ŀ֪ͨʱʮ㣬¼ļαѾˡ
ټߵһβμӽĿţֻŮά֣ΪļŮպ̺еڣҪðְֺԼͣ

˷򸾽˼ض͵ӣûãͿʼǵʵϰ顣
⺢СԸȴܳƣſαһԡ

˼֮ǰûôͺദ֮Ҳˡ
Ϊ˴崺磬ԼŮǴкλǰ֮ǰݵľ磬䣬ܿͺϤ

ţ翴һֱʮˣǻû𣿡

Ļ˵ĻĹǡ
֮ʼÿһӵţ˵Ī벻ҵԽԽࡣ

裬ûпʼȥ档֡
ŶιġĪ밢̱ȽæǵȵӦõġ
ΪʲôӦѽСֹٵǲԵġ

ຢӵͷΪĪ밢Ȧǰѽ

⻰һ˼󵭵̧
ֱĹۿҲҪըˡ

˭֪ڴʱ߸ЬڵϵԽԽ١
Ī벽ܿ죬һ·ŷ硣
Сһ㶼ϺȣţС

˭˵Ī벻ҵģⲻ𣿡
˵ģĪ룬ҲǰϰɣĪʮˣҾʹûʲôˣơҵš
Ī봩Ÿ߸Ьܣѵг𣿡
Ҳٵˣ˵ʮѾʮˡ

ϵĸܾ±׼ôߡ
ֻⵯĻշطͽվקСܽˡ

ձǸ˼Һط¥ˣŻٵӡ
һĿϣطæҽڽͣٳǴˮ

ĵشĻǰְ緢

طǿ𣿡
Ҳû˹ǣԼɵѣ𴩡
ʵ֤Īûгٵֻڳһ˶ѡ֪ԼٵˣҲԸ˵ȣźӾܽˡܾǻлҪ˵𣿡
ôСܵúۣĪΪʲô
ܾΪܾȭ

˵˾̫ˡЦ˵ǽǲҪ



ƬͷǷֿͥһһ¼Ƶġ
ԭȵα֮ǰĹƶƬһ»ã˹ԱͰһϢ

һ飬ĸŮڱǰɵ졣

裬ղŹԱһʲôĿ
ô˵أ
˵ʵϰְĽĿѽΪְҲǵһְ裬зʱ⵵ĿǰǸŶ

з𣿡

תתҡҡͷûУһٷֵ裡


ܺãһ顣

ҵѽǸ̡
ûʲôڸУʶŮ֮ʵǱȦˡ
̵ܰôãһҲǸů˰ɡ
ڿѵˮ𣿲ĸŮرʵ𣿡

ߺպ̺Ҳ¼ƶƬ
ֻǣܵ˵ʲôӶԸϡ

ڵݵĽ£ֻȴ

̺̣ĿʲôԸ𣿡
ϣպ̺ҧҧ´ϣְֺͻ顣

ֵ˷򸾺ʱԵеˡ
ûкСţ

Скеƣҡͷ˶˭ģ֮󣬿½ĿЧá
СǺԼı

ؿܡ



ڴĸƬʱ򣬰ɵĪߣֻСַԼϥϡ
Ҳ֣شǷ

ÿڼƻˣҪȻǴȥһ£ȥֳɣСӶϲȥЩط˵
طԥǴӳȥ棬Ŀ鲻İɣ

ͷǾˡ

һԻ
ϰֵĴˣ˿ûϡ

ֳ𣿡ʡ
ͷۡתľĦ֡

СһڼʱǱĸŵģЩʩһ㶼İ
һھϲðһһ㶵ġ

ûȥ𣿡ֵ

ϥϵСֶ˶漴ҡҡͷ
СӴûȥֳ
תľҲĦ֣ǶǶƬеġ

СĶԻĪ̧ͷ
ĿɨȥʱСӴСһĳëסӡ

⺢ӣȥֳ

ĶƬ¼ƺˣǴպͼαļͥգʱõĽĿƽ̨ʱҪġ
ǲҵʱ䣬ᾡһ㣬һСʱ㶨

£Ҳϡ
ߵĪǰ˼ղӦĵģ̫ʱˡ

һĻĽ
λǺãôôš

ͥԼͥΪλġ
طͽյĹˣм䣬ЦݱȻҪá
վڽ˼ǰžͷüΣų˳ǡ
պ̺û취һֻɷ΢š

ֵĪʱıЩӲ

Īͺ֣һƬӰʦ⡣
˵Ƭûй¸еġ

Ӱʦ飬ĪŰ¶ֳЦݡ
ֻߣĪЦв׽ܰеա
ĸյ⡣

Īûֵλ
¶ĸ̫ˡ
ǵɹҲΪÿھʱû״̬ҵŻͣ͡

սš

ڱϵȵþˣԸ£Һһ𣿡
ĪһˣȰɡ

Ӱʦ
·ԼרСױٸ߸ߣޱܰ

¹ͽˡ

ĸŮĸŮŮĬŶ
Ҳ˵Ī벻ã˵ģҿʼҵˡ
ĹôƬˣھȻһնû취ɣ

ȥӰʦ￴һƬر⡣
תĪʱһԪġ͡ƣһģ

Ī汻ѹͷˡ
ղĵöðЧ϶ܰ
ĪӰ󣬸úģ

ĻѾִ
Īķ˿Ȼ˵֧ż񣬵ҲնĲãʱٲһֵ˿ࡣ
ϾѾֹһ˵״̬ǰˡ

ֻĪķ˿ĵ̫ˡ
ΪСһССҪ󣺡Ӱʦ磬ĿƬ𣿡

ӰʦĪ룬üĶʱչ۾ˡ
ǲǿʵϰ־Ƭ볢һ£̫ˣҲһ㲻һĶ

˭˵յĳЧǵܰǵڣ
ҲΪĿĳʸеգ

Īһ㶡
辶
Сӳ̺ģĳƬ




13.  13   ĪС㣬ҪЭ顭

Ī뱾С̫ǿҪܾҪ
˭֪ӰʦһԾԾԵӡ
Ӱʦ˷ܵضԿֱͷͬ¶Ȱֱһء

ĳʸеգӰʦ׷ںòϣˣǰֱĹǾ͸
÷Ŵˡ

ֱͷתƣȥˡ
ϲѣϽץסԼŮ

Ҿ˵ɣĪ벻ˣն峡
ò˰ɣܱŭ
˵Ŀ鷢գѹûͰ
̣ĲƯƬˣұƬֻֽء



еʮ֮ǰ
αԭΪԻȥϢˣ˭֪ĿһվţôҴźȥҰ͡

Ŀ鰲һͳαǺ͸ĵĹԱһ
ڴòˣϳ֮󣬾һֱŴ⣬ŸϽĿĵء

Ī뱻õȾͷһؾãȥߣƺҲȤ

ͳʻԶ̵ع԰
һ³Դȥˡ
ֻһ԰˲ݺʲôûУ

̺̣ҪֱŤˡ߶Ժ˵ְ˵ϲȥ棬ƽʱҪ㡣ξ͵Ұȥ棬㲻øһôÿĵģвУ

պ̺ѾˣԶµͣŤŤ졣
ǰתͷС㣬һҰͰɡ

պ̵̺˸̨ףĲ

СϲͱԼĺ棬Ҳ⡣
պ̺ߣСӯˡ

ĪѾϽĿ׼ƽЬµĹ԰ؾ鶼չ١
ѹҽ˵öӴȻ

ߵ·ǶˣҪˮաʵϰ衣
ʱ˳Сպ̺̺ɵʣϲ𣿡

ϲͷСס
Ϊʲôպ̺ʡ
룬ͽ˵ʵΪû裬Ҫһ衣

պ̺˼ã裬Բϲ衣
㣬谡¶ݵı顣

պ̺̾ѽ̫Сˣʲô



Աڲݵ̺Ұ͵棬ϱ㵱ˮһЩСʳ

ôб㵱վȵô࣡
Ц˵Һͱർ绰ϵʱ˵ҪȥҰͣĺǻ׼á

һС
ŷţɰ׵ķС״ú̦ɰġˮкõģɫޡ
ļУҲǺǰԵģǼΡըñƤִСᡣ

ÿһ̶ޱȾµķУճĬˡ
군ͻ豻ˡ
ڻһ軹ü

ҺϲȥΣ˵Σĺÿġ֪СʱʦȥΣüһ˯ţڶһָϽߴ򿪷У¶񾲵Цݡ

տü΢šٴС
ⲻͻ裬ۺԪɵ衣

룬˵أתͷĪ֣ûоãĸоܰ

ϾͬѧôĪ졣
Цݲãֱͷ̲סͣá
ͷ֮Լϡ

ֻǣ飬ûĪ롣

Ī붢룬ֱɿ֡
롪ε㲻ϲҰ𣿡

ҿˡĪ˵꣬ӰóɡԼͷſ
ſɡֿһ۰ɡСӱŲŲ

ǽסˡ

αҲ¶ͬı顣
ĺȣҰ͡
Ŀⰲеһһˡ
ղҾ˵ˣֲнĿûҪʱɹ̫ɡ

ͻȻ˵磬һͰѱ㵱ˣڳﲻƻ˰ɣ

磺

һ鼦š
ղžԶûע⵽ڴյӵһš
еζ

ˣҪǳԻӿɲˡ˵

ԭѾըСһӾɵˣᣬһ֣ۡһ޳

һ᲻ж

һĻֱĹǼȾúЦ̡
Ҿе͡
ôȵ죬ҼҹԸţûи֪գ˵ϲϲ
μտϧˣɣϷöŶ



һεҰͣҵĿֹ
ΪطͽʵǺ岻ټϽĿҲºӳԳ⣬Сȴؼҹ۲졣

ȦˣĿʰҰ͵棬鲻Ծµ
ְᣬǶߵƵģһ̶ͣ
ǰӿڴóԼСݸ

㲻Ҫҡţί

æңվԭء

Īɡɨһͷĵؿ
ͷԼе˵ŵˡ

𣿡
ģôҪȶһɣԼҲûҪںǰΡ
λ˼һ£ֲǳˣΪʲôͲԼ
ѵж຦С֪ˣֲ֪Ϊʲô޳ĻŵСʱҰ賳飬ͱҿޣȥְ֡
¥ϵĽãȥˡ
ܶ˵ĻҶͬܣΪ̫ҲҪѧżǿϸһ룬ҲǸӡϣ⵵Ŀǵۣʵϰĸ⵵Ҫǵ˼ɡ



һ죬۵ùǺ
㷲ػؼңһ·϶߶Լж

ҲýţǾȻĲ˼ƵģС֣ϸš
ҿֱӿعԢ¥£ǻġ

ԢʱѾˣڳϳЩӡ
ھεشȦģӡ

ˣĿѾ޳ڹٲˣһҿȥһĵӰʦ˵

ίɫЩ
ղҰʱİ컵£̫ˡ
ڹǵԶܴһգֻῪʼˡ

Ͼǹ⻵µġ

裬Ұ

ȥϵıҰ첽Ԣķߡ
˵ݣֻ

ҵʵϰĸĿٲ֮㿪

ҪˣֱֵĸŮ
̫ÿˣôʸôõգ
ֱȴƬ

ͷĴʯ¡
һ룬Ŀơ

ջ֮ǰ²ۣĪYYDS
̫ˣСѺб
ءԶ۰̺衣

罩סˡ
ǲڿ

һ죬Ŵ򿪡
㶵شҪĪͰĵգж˲

Ƥһ̧ͻȻĪſվһװĵˡ

ĪС㣬ҪЭ飬һǽؿǡ




14.  14   ̣Ŀ𣿡

ѾǺˡĪӹʦеļ

ĪС㣬ǲ桪
Ҫˣ˴˶ûпǷ

ʦ˶ֹͣõģЭʲôҪĵطʱϵҡ

ʦߺ󣬰͸Īݡ
ĪļЭóһۣƽط¡
Щ棬ʲôûס
Сӣһʶһ⣬ʶ־ͺˡ
ûĻ¡

оĪıеࡣ
ʲôļòҪԭȵĹ˾Լɡ
Ӧòᣬ˵ʢӰĪĲˣĪĸ湤˽ŶӴģ˾ɣûʲôģΪʲôҪԼ

۵󣬶۲Ȼ



һصңܺӣɳϣ㿪ա

˼ҵգйоأһڡֵܸߡ
λʵϰĸȻͲСرᣬ˵һ۶ȡ

պطһڡ
˽м䣬׺ӵգСԼʮָ۵ģЦۡ

߸㲻պ̺̣ĵǵƬΪŮϣǶǻǿһЩڴֱ֮ݡ

һջţԼŮĺʱò̾һ䣬ܰ
ƯСŮ軳ͷʱСЦġ
ҲĵúŵЦ⣬͸ůƵġ

ԭһգָ⻬Ŀһʱĺסˡ

һŻȫͬƬ
Ī봩Űɫȹӣͷд
ؾֻױûйΣһЩССȸ߶ûڣΪˣ˫ӾԵø
ȴֳ

ϵİҲ˿ûϺȡ
СͬŰɫСȹӣͯС飬ûйı飬˫ȴ峺С¹һ㡣

ƬķΧУΨĸȾͬʱֿġ

գ˶ԡĸŮڽĿеıָӸȤ
ͬʱĪ˵ظУҲ

ֻǣ޷ǣĪô˵ģ
СޱÿģⷴУ̫ˡ

̾һ˵򰲰ѧϰֻеͨĿˣ˸ߵĵλлͬҽš

Сͱ˱⣺ԸҺ̡

ô˵



ÿ˯֮󣬽Ŀ鶼µ
ǸղžһСʱǰٲշһϢ˵ĿΪ׼˾ϲ

ע⵵ֱǳǶĪ뱾˸Ȥ֮⣬Ҳһ󲿷ǰյģ˴ҶڴĿνġϲ
ֱĹǵ˺þãò׵ȵˡ

СӸʱµģͷ̸ߣСץץ
´֮ܵȥϴȥһٳѩѩ׵ϻСˮ飬ͷҲմˮ

Īҳÿģ
ԣ⺢ǷԼͷСë˳ˮԼ˸ͣ

һӾͳˡ

һ·Ҫˡ

˸˯ʱҪһСӲòһʵϰĻܻ

ĪԼһţ̡
֬ţûûζģҪӣʱѾƸˡ

Ųһţ̣ȸԾıͷһۡ
СѾ·

¶ԺãǴ·ʿģǴ̭֮
ʱ׻ɫĿͨͼTɿģһĿӣСӳ̫ɰʵֱӡ

СȹأĪʡ

ͷԼ½ǣС˵Աȹϴˡ

ǰ촩ƯСȹǽĿ׼ġ
·˾͵ϴǹ¶Ժʦǽ̵ģĪ֮ǰûСûǹ⡣
ģ·캢ϴԼϴģӦˡ

Īȥ̨˿
СȹӱԼܹŵϴ¹Űϡ
ַ׾ŤŤΪšɣȵⱩɹûи͸

ĪٻعͷʱӴۣ˴ƵģСӡ

Ժ·ֱӷҰϴĪ˵

գգ۾
ʵϰûԼ
ǣϴ·

Сӵı͸ŵɣֲ˺

Ī룺

Ҹ绰ͼ·



ڻ¾·ʱͻȻԼУͬڡ
Ŀ׼ġϲʦϿΣ滭֡ݵȡ

ȥ֮Ϊ̫ᣬЦˡ

СӲ֪ʲôֻ֪ǹԱСǣͬĿԼ
֮󣬵Сİ͸Ӳҳˡ
һһСڼһֱֱߡ

Ī룬·ˡ
Ʒ¼·ӦòҪôðɣ

ĪӹװһۣúӴһ㡣
⻰ Цһ͸ԼСƵġ

Īû
ϣʱ¼ƳΪͯõĻ䡣
źϾС̫ˡ

㻹Ҫæ·ͻȥˡ
ĪӾķװ·ںǰһ£ʡ

ȥһ¡

ۣ۹ⲻЩͯװƸУ
С·ôÿ̫ɰˣûзŴ棬Ҳ뼸
·һܹɡ˰
ǵģ󲻹ĵΣǮĪ˵ʲôҪġ

ڹǵУˡ
СӴŷۺɫСɴȹȹӵƷȻݻûԵlogoƵĿʽҲǳͯġ
һСȹӾƮȵصͷСѹסȹڡ
۵СŮȻ¶峺ı飬Цݶⴿ⡣

ÿĪ˱ǩҸղŲˣС·ϴһ£Ȼ

Ҫϴ
ôÿСȹӣ᲻ϴˣ
˵СƤۣ·ϴһϴỊ̄ʼˡ



˺öСȹӣ󶼻ȥϴˡ

СӸĮ̄ܵվϴ̨ϣϴ·
ֱʱŷԼʵϰˡ

ԭĪǻϴ·ģֶֻֻףӡ

ϲ·𣿡۰Ͱ͵ԼĪʡ

ͷ
Ӳ֪·ǴĶģҲ֪ж
ֻǾãʵϰررá

Сʣ̣Ŀ𣿡

Īϴ·һ٣СķƮڰУˡ
ʱСӵı飬Ȼһ㱯ˡ

ȥ𣿡Īʡ

СԴҡɲ˹ģۣ¶Ժ幤ֻҪҪ˵ټˡ

ϣĪ뻹йع¶Ժϡ
˵幤żȥԺ̽ӣҪ飬ֻҪˣͿĵòˡ
ǿֵʱ̫ݣ幤֪ǲᣬʱͼ嵭ǵʧ䡣

¶Ժĺоˡ
ǲ̫ˣΪ˵ʱܻ

Ҳ

̣ҿҪͻȥ𣿡ʡ

Īģ·һε߬ס




15.  15   ܾ·ԼΡ

Īģ˵Ļǣš
ˮͷϵĭߣСƽӡ

кܶ˵Ļʱֻ˱׾Ľ͡
ǵ¼ƣĿѾֱʱӳʮ죬Իʣʮ졣

ƶǶţʣʮ죬𣿡

һжʮĸСʱʮ죬Сӿڴóֻüһ֣ʮСʱ

ֱĹǶˡ
̶ˣĪȻ壬ֻó
СĶʮСʱʲô˼ã

һСʱǶٷѽ˭֪С˳Ī˼·ʡ

ʮӡ

ĪĻ䣬飬ȴۿɼط
ʱûи֪¶ԺÿܹƬʱ䣬Ƕʮӡ
һС桷ӣһ󹦡ǶʮӡԴ˵

ʮӣԿһĹˣӵеģʮСʱأ

ǻкܶܶʱ䣡ǲԾΪö𣬱С״

ÿ̫΢ˣ̶ʮʱ䣬ԿѾͯĲƸ
ڹ¶ԺĺӣӦúһҰɡ
ΪʲôĪĻشôģܱסȻǺԼԼ
ѵĪѾˣҺ˵ô໰ɷãԼġ
ܾ°ܣĪ˵ƯĻʱһǻᱻߵġʱ򣬶̶ԲǸӲ𣿡

Ļһ̶ûͣ
Ī룬ںǰС峺˫

ӵĿ֣ô⣬ѵĴУԾ㡣



Ī˶ͯϴ»ĺɹܣ·͸ˡ

ȹӣվھǰһСԼͷ
ֱĹһĸЦ

ʵĿĪ뷽ˣһж˵ȥ˼ҲûΪѡǿλĺô߽գһھҪܾˡ
ǱߵֱҿˣǽĿڸڶһԭȵѵӣ˵Ҫھسڲǡ˫ԭȵĸζͣˣȻǻⲻôʵء
֪ǰʲôس
ûسҪؼǣĺСŶСɴȹһƤѩѩ׵ģСһֱЦ̫ˡ

̣׼ˡСؿڣקקԼСȹӡ

ڸʵϰţ԰˵ѾǺƽˡ
ЬĪС÷ɿ졣

ʵϰ費ʵϰȣ̫

Īչɡīһ·ʮ㡣
ֱĺڷ˵һˣƵģʵ϶ѾûӵˣڹıԵ̽
Ҳû˲ϣĪȷʵоǷ緶

ڸͷСӣڼʶűʸе֮󣬴ҵʹ˾ӰŮӦþģɡ
Ͼαȣֱ

𣿡Ī뿴һƺţְ塣

ǹԱŵġ

Ԣķ䱻ͨѵҵģ
Ůʦںͺ졣

ͬѧѧ츳ǳá
ֳ̺ȳģʺ衣
Свס֮ǰѧСģġ
Ŷգʲôᡣ

ڵĺӣССͣѾҳųŶ෽淢չ
Ŀǰſγ̣ϣĿݰŵķḻԣͼ̽˹עĻ⡰ޡǷбҪ

ʱѾС˺öա
սңԴɵؿţĿϣС֡

̫˰ɡ
óҳΪ˲پ
ֻǺδ̫ˡ
ںܶຢӶѾӮϣͯ겻ۣȵשʱ͸ˡ
ͻȻе۰ʲôûѧʵʵվڱС֡һɡ
ʵĿĵģʦԺ֮󣬽ӦûᰲӦĿγ̡Ͼʣʮ¼أܲÿúӺʹڼ۵С۰ɡ

һϿɽĿĲͬΪӺõġ
һ棬ҲΪһѺ
ǵļҾӴ֮󣬽ܼⷽչ

ɰأ
СѧٺãȻص¶Ժ˭а취

ʲôѽݺ֮󣬻صλϡ
תͷŰʡ

ҡͷʲôѽ

Բ۾ûȥѧ𣿡
ҡҡͷıÿţȥˡ

ûѽûл˼ֻǰСý͡

ˣôûء

ÿ˶谡
費ϲ㣬ĻǸͺð

̫ˣ˵ûˣдҲҲ裬û취Ǹ
ҿҪˡ
ôô˺С
Ӳǹģеѡ
ҵѽ¶ԺԺϽѰȥɣ濴ȥˡ
ȥҪܶ˺

ڼҳϢҵĪ룬һֱ
ԭֻһۣŶԷ佱жܸ裬أȫע

û衣
Ϊ費ϲ

Щ̶̫ˡ
Ͱûκιϵ˵Įһ㣬ֻǶݵĺѣӪҵͲϵɲ֪ģĪģȴԽԽ

ֱǵıݻڼ
С
ûߵպ̺̣ǳ󷽡
ڱĿѹ֮󣬿ʼϡأǷ㣬⺢ȻɷǳһСһܶ˶е棬ͼԭͥ
ǡ˼ҵСҶ˵̵÷ǳãСѡ

֮䣬Եø롣
СʲôᣬֻһĹڡ
ĹڿµģС˿һ㣬Ÿǵıݡ

˶˵õİҲһССôСǣ
κСŶԣҲġ

ʦ˵ǿ¿Σһ磬ĿźÿαʽǡϿΡ
٣ҲܻķʱŶʦ˵

ŴˣǷ׷ܳ

ǵһģǵýĿѣߵ˼ǰְ֡衣

ıϡͿСɰȻȥյ֣裬ϳԺ𣿡
ʵͦϲֵĴˡ

պ̵̺İְ֪߸㲻ӣݹҲȴ
СŮһ̯˫ۣಡһ˹ְ֣

һţͺС磺裡㿴ı𣿡
ˣðŶһѱס

һġ

ССںͷżҲĪӰ
ֱһһغšְ衱ǽߣȺɢ֮Ŀ⣬ʵϰϡ

Сӵ۾һӾͱġ
ʵϰõȣСܹȥ̣ʦ˵¿ˣԻؼ

֣Լرϲҡ˵

źųֳ㽵ģĪ
Сûһ翴һֱĿںϵġ

һСΪʲôȻįԼοԼ
Ī벻ϣĽ˼ҡ

ʶأ˵ʮĽĿҲԺ衣

סˣĽë£̧
˺þãӵسĪ衣

üϡĪġĪ˵ֻ衣

仰˺þá
Сú˵ģСؿڡ

衣

ƺĸо̫İˡ
̫ӦһβະΡ

衭
衭

СĻϲ
Ư۾ϣ벻ŵĹâ

ϰ峺⣬Ī벻ɻ

ҲԾпܣҲвܱʹ
ǣҪӿֵģ

ڤڤ֮Уܾ·ԼΡ




16.  16   ˭ѽ

Ѿˣôһοڶһ˽衣

ûһСҪ裬ҲǣССС

㲻Զ裬ҲҪ

øˣȳԵǡ˺þõĻݣʱʦǹصӣǶ࿴ӵĶƬҪˡ

衭

ǲƵģССͣẰһ

Ī뿴Сָ⻶ϲģ
ȥ꿪ʼҽΪʶԼԿÿ춼Ǳ֮УΪκﱯϲ
ΪһԱ뵽ɫ֮ɫ鶼ǷǳΣյģͼƣɲûгЧ

أĪˣӲϷͲӣĵλɲǿԼ

Ī뿪ʼӦԼһľˡ
˭֪̬֮ת䡣
ǰ˸ͬһСԼ衱һš

ڣһȻȻطˡ

̫ˣϣԺ˶áܸһҾͺˣֻ̫ʵˡ
衱ʱĪͻ˵Ӧʱͱ鶼ᣬҶҪˡ
ĪϷ˿ˣôãҲݹһЩСӺĵӰǻûжĸϹģϾǵݺ֮ͻȥϢˡ
Ī᲻ݵģ֪ϲʲô͹⡭
¥ϵĲҪıˣĪȦˣôݵģ
ܲܲˣǸգůĵ̺費𣿡

Ŀαǲûע⵽ղŷһĻ

ǣ֣´յĶߣСֹһ䡣
գգ۾ȵʣ𣿡
ȻġЦᣬڴ߱һꡱƣҪŶ

۾һ¾ˣͷ
˵ڸղţһԼǣ

ȥݲ֮ǰ֪ͨģΪǼұ̫Ŷˣ̲ô⣬öŶ˵

һҰĹ棬˵ҪƯСŮġ
ƷƹôߵĹ棬˵ĺϢ
ϾڼǰСʱĸŮǳ׾ݣǰ;ɵġ
ڣһжˡ

Ȼû뵽ǣԼյңֻˡ
Ǿ˴ġ

ֻһʮԱ˶ͱ˹á

Ө㡣绰ǹö˰ɣʲôʱ㣿ҵĿһ١
ҵø˵һõϢѾö㣬߶̸Լϸˡɾڼ֮ǰĪʵϰŮĽĿƬѡǱ߶ҡˣƺϵĪŶӡ

紽ǵЦݽסˡ
绰֣ȥĪͰѡ

ƵСϹŴЦݡ
ǵĪջسŵһ㣬һһ麰š衱
ʱӵģʵϰĻӦ֮һ

Сѩѩ׵ģһĶСظһһǳɰ

ӰԭǶΪ߰Į˭֪ʱȴݡ
Ī벢û̫飬еϧ۰ȴѾ

ƵӪŷ֮󣬶̶̼ӵʱ䣬תѾ¸ߡ

ֻ

磡ĪûȤ棬̫ˡ

⧲ĺϢ

ľֱӾܾˣ˵ƷƲʺĪ롣ղǺͿˣĪƽʱӵĶǸƷƣôԽȥһҰĹ棿ֻ龪һȥȡӦûѡġ

Ҷϵ绰ԳһЦ
ֻǹ˶εѡѡ



ĪŰؼҡ
⻹ȣɡбСӵ̫

һ·ϣƽʱҪ˷һЩСѾһһģʱʱҪһ衣
Ϊ˲ӵĻԣĪһһӦ

ΪԼ᲻ͷģʵϣֱŵݻصʮ¥ԼҹԢſڣüԾչ
⺢ŴŴСĺܺ

ǰμӽĿĵһ죬ĵϱëСʱǶЦݡ

ȵС˯֮Ī뾭ͯſڣ˽ȥ

ܰĶͯԭһСܡ
еƶ֮컨ϵӫСǻźߡ

ů

ҽϧ£ȥϸ΢á
ƺ֮һá

ĪﰲҴñǡ

ȥֳ棬һ㣬òã

ڱСҲ֪ûУСͣԺ˵ۡ

̧֣ϸָ˴
תһ룬ôŤŤضСְָ

ӶͯĪĲԾӯӿڴóֻдϢ

Э͸ỳ𣿡

Сĵ绰׷ˡ
Ī㣬ͱΪˡǧҸЭ飬˵û£ö˶˵أΪʲôʦЭ鰡

֮⣬Ա˳š

˵Ǹˣκйص飬Ī붼ҪŶӽ

ûнͣ㲻ĻԼ͹ȥ

СҪˡ
ԸɷЭ飬ҪǱĵŶҪöپΣذ

Ī㣬ǧţȣ



ЭѾͳȥˡ
һʱ䣬Ī붼ûнӵ绰

Դ飬Ƕܽ
ӲӲķͺߵ

һĥֻʶһ⣬Ǹ޴ľ

϶Ҳôġ

Ϻѽõһ졣
̵һ죡
̸ղʱ۾˵Ҫȥֳ
ֳڴԸ̴󷢹𣿡

峿ֱ󲿷ֶʵ˿ܾȽ١
ֱͬǣܳİںĪ뻥ʱҲܰòˡ

İϲЦССӡ

裬Ҫȥ԰𣿡ԴȷһΡ
ԣȥ԰Ī˵ǵȳ緹

ÿúӶӦùԹԳ緹
СشӦȳ緹

Ī˵Ҫ緹ǺܴƵģʵϾζѡ
弦ʱ̻ӡ

ʱӵ绰ˡ

֮ǰûڹԢסѾѧˡ
ʱ绰һİťٰͿԸ¥µ˿

աܹȥ᣿
һͳںԻСѣŴ򿪡

Сеľӱɸ

ⲻǰ졶СӹԹԡMVŶ
СӳţҲû˭Ҳ

ǣСҪòһЩ
ŴŴʣ˭ѽ

Ŀ鵣Ǽαܵɧţ˽ӵ绰ϵĻڸǣԢסԷ
ʱĳĬŶԷԲ֪ôشӵ⡣

òŰɣ
ȻֱܺӿŵĻ̫Σˡ
Сôڸأȫʶüǿˡ

Ա壿Աҵ壿
Ҳǻ壡

᣿˵Ҿ͹Ҷ

һӦϰİ衱еȻ

òصһ¡
ȷû˳֮С򡰹Ҷϡť

ҪϽ緹Ͻȥ԰ģ

˭֪ڰ̶̷ʷʵСָҪҶϡťʱǵڶ

ǰְ֡




17.  17   Ҳܿġ

ְ֣
ֱˡ

˵ȥ𣿾Ȼˣ
ĪŶƭҮ, ǰ칤ҷvlogʱظ˿˵ĪϹæˡ
оó, ְֺҲеղſ˵ǰְ֡ʱ, ҲͦΪѵġ
Ͼ֮ǰûദһͶ˸Ů, Ѵְֵѽ

˼ãȷԼСûг⡣
ͷһãȻ衭

ĪỳϤӳ, 롣
ܿ, Ź轺˵š

, ְֿš

Сᡣ

ĪϹ˵óŻ, ڶˣȻŸϵ
ƽʱʲôν, û뵽ȻôͻȻоǺҵľһЩ
쿪, , Ͻðְ

Ī֪ΪùỳǽΪ̫졣
֪Ļ, Ϊ, Ƿˡ

ţ緹Ī˵

СҪһСˡ
Ϊѡ

ʵڹ¶С˵жӵһСִȰְҪһЩ
ڿСʱĽаְ, ƺûʲô˵ġ

ǣʵϰְֱϾˡ
˼ôæľܾ

СΪѵػͷ裬ʦ˵СӲûò

Ȼһ衱öȻĪ뻹ûȫС
СҪ
һò̻ܲܽ

ˣɡĪ˵

ڰԥǷŵĵ£ֱһӾӿһڡ
ʵǲ֪ô£ѵܾиȺ

ˣĪϹ
һȦ޵úõģѾȫԼϹˣĪصôãƾǸͨϰ塣
ѵ͸ߵϹһ˵ģߵϹ֮emmmǲ䡣
ߵϹôɣĪϹ¾Ǹ·ˣϾ֮ǰĪŶɴնû



㣬쿴ˡСᣬֻȥ칫ҵš

㻹æԴ̧ʱʼǱĹ۾ϵӳһĨ⡣
СֻһӾˡ

˵õһһ죬ÿһ죬ͷĴʯһ㡣
û뵽죬ỳǳˡ

㲻Ī͹ỳΪʲô飬ֻ֪˴֤һ쿪ʼͺܲ
ΪСҪһʱĥڣ˭֪ûüĥϣỳǾͰȥˡ

ң²⣬ỳǱĪϳȥġ

âˣһֱ䣬ǱȫڿЦ
·һˮͷ£ᡣ

ˣӦòھͷǰֵ̫ѿɡ˵Լ
СͷɥǲڡǣϣĪЭ͸ˡ

˫ֳڰ칫ϣڡһվЭ飿Ī͹ȥģ

СƲ
Сǳէû¾ͱˣҡҡȥġ

顱һصڰ칫ϡ
군ˡ

Ҳ֪֮便ʲôɵ͵ìܣ㿴λУĪ뼸ûȡ
ỳѾݵˣ׻˵˶ֻο˼ҿɲˡ
⿴ⳡеֶξ֪ҪӲģĪ벻һĶ֡
Ѿǲ˵Ĵţǻֱֵ࣬ĪҵܵԵĴ

̫Ѩʹѡ
ĪԼһھĳԱЩ꣬ɵƶˣֿڵ
ڣ涼סôȵˡ

ۡúÿ
̫˼ˣҪסǵֱ䡣
ܴܲнֱԸ°֮һݹо棬ΪʲôôһΣ
ҵѽĻˢˣֱǧ򣡡

칫ͬǵļź㷳ˡ
ڰ֣СȥǱ졣

˭֪ͬǾȻԼǹײ

һֳԴ
㣡ĪϹ̫cpˣ
ĵ˿ĵˣ

㣺
ĵˣ

ֻ֣ù
ĻϣӰһһվš
ûӵûǣֻѣȴΪǴߡֵǴŷ涼̫䣬ĻѧӦ
ӰеĹͼһ㣬ȷʵۡ

˶á
ţỳǰһļĪ롣

УҲǣȥҲǡ

ĪϹǰԼϵļĪ룬æźҮĪȻؽˣǸ򵥵СɾǾúĬ

㣺ȷǵȥĲЭ

ϹøߣĵĪ붼Сˡûз֣Ϲһֱ
㣺ȷϹǶǵ

ΪĪڼŮû뵽ָָķ˵ˮȥȣ
㣺ָֻűϵĴţȥ

𰡣ĪϹĸһֱô𣿡һͬʡ

¶ֲʧòЦݣԼԼ˵



ǰһμỳǱˡ
˱ͦӺøߺøߣСԴſü

ӺشỳǺþá
ϵķӣһشҫ
Ź⣬ģ΢΢ʱͻȻսˡ

С㣬Ҳġ
ùỳǳÿ̫ÿˡ

ǺȻ費á
ؿ֮ǰδĮֻˡ

գʮֹ졣

վһԿֵĻСһ˼

֮˵ǰһμỳǡˡΪ֮ǰУǾ档
ʵϰְûӡҲ̫Ȥйԭ飬СӼǲ̫ˡ
ֻ֪Ƴɼȥ֮ʵϰְҲһ겻񣬺ܿˡ
СӲ֪ʵϰְʲôʽߵģֻǵãһִĹ˾˼©԰˵©ǡԭ

֪Ϊʲôʵϰְǰģ٣ʵϰְֶġ
СӶԻĸģС桷ְֺĸɺˣ

ô˵
ôһ֣ǲ˼ֱͷǰ¶𣿡
쿴ů

۵ֶסֻĻ

ѾܵߣһΣСܻСһݡ

ỳǿ򰲰
ͷСۻɫķϵСȹҲۻɫģ¶۵ġźһĸ첲Сȡ
Сױһı飬ͣҵ𣿡

ɵͷ緹𣿡

ỳǻûԡ
һ磬СصǷЭ֮͹ˡ

ûСҡͷ

Īü΢Ҹģ緹
֮ǣûķݡ

ɰȴϽתԼСԴӡ
ȳָϵ˵ΣһҺһһ

ỳǵĴ
ɺȻ֮䣬Цֶ˶١
Ī裬ǡ
壿

С̫û˰ɡ
ְֱ壬ĪϹӰ



ΣĪðϸڽ̼ȥ

ԭʵϰĸܲãսΪ˱ܿսСӾ

ԼıС룬ְ͵İű׺дˡ
ĿŽҵʱСػӻ֡

̫ЦˣȥھӼҴΪʲôߣ
ƣһСǲҪҳˡ
֮ǰˢһƵ̰ߺʪʰ˵Ҵȥˣ룬ǰǲҲȥڣͲ߿ˣ
һߣ̾ܿĹˣøŶ

ĪղѾǵļαȺ˵һԷæչС
ʱذڰģЦŽ

ŰͷԼСĪ˵һ»Ҫȥֳġ

Сӵ۾ˡ

ĪݣϷš

ĪϹȵú࣡
ը̲Ѿ׼ˣǿʱ䡣
gkdgkd̫ˣ뿴»ױٸ߸ߣŶ

˭û뵽Լڴûеõ㡣
һ˿һûС

Īһݣߵỳǰһط䡣

Ҫûоͷ
Ϲһ仰ϸȥˡ
ҪطʲôʲôҸ߼vipܿġ

ȻĻżҲгۡ
ʲôû˾֮䲻𣿡
ֻⲻг۸һͱĵĻûˡ

ỳǽҡ

Īú˵Լ߻ȥš
򾲾ؿ

Īƽʱһ
ΪСȥ԰ɢڼͷľ𣬿ɾ䡣
֮ǰȻ״̬öˡ

ʲô˼Īļϡ
롣ûʲô飬߲͡

ĪüӨ׵ŭȾ˺ΣںʲôϷ

ỳ޳ָļЭó޳ڸ鲻ͣЭ顣
д𣿡Ī°͡

Э𣿡ỳǵģģ黹ġ

һܣ˵ˣͼ顣
ԣֻһƤӵ顣
ȴвͬ塣

ң⼸꾿ʲô

Ī򴽣ٳԭϵɫҲ𽥱ĮȻɫ档

պЭ飬Ҳ롣
ߣߡ

ỳɫ侲ȴţֽļͷϣתŵʱĪߣŲԶ١
뱻̡
֮ĸңȴû̡

ôˣ



˼ңЩڡ
Сͣһ㶼ֻ֣ǰСַϥϣòˡ

ؿٿ鷿дҵܣ̾
̫ϲȵСŮˣ֮ǰӦĿԼҲҪһСŮĿ֣˭֪ĿǷ˸ĵкӡ

ҪҪȵʲô̴ȥѡ

šৡһ´򿪣ȫǺóԺúȵġ

ס˵õעأ
öơƺ̼ϡ
ʵҺĽأֶˣİһûµʱ׷׷硢ıĵϣԼݳȥ档
Ҳ˵鲻ƽˣϣʸѡԼҪ
ͬ¥ϵģ@衣

ˮ𣿡
СѲܺˮѽ

˼Ҹˡز˼˵ǰȥţ̡
ԺˮСӶµָָˮ

ضˮﵹˮˮðš
˼ˣֻȥȺ͸һ

ذѰ鷿չ

СӲǵһμܸ磬ûк˵
鷿ů⣬һƹâСкǰ鱾ϣݵֵסһƬӰ

ûϹѧǸԺЩѾʼСѧˡ
ûôѧϰ

磬ҪϢһ𣿡Сʡ

ȷʵͣһͣˣҸо⺢ӾûϢˣʱ񾭽
ϴҿһϣ֪ĻǼٵġ˵ܵļһƫԶĴҾ̫á
ԼμӽĿģĿѧУ˵رߣΪнĿЧû뵽֪ΪʲôҪ

Ϣ𣿡ܰѱʼ鱾֮󣬾ִٵʣҪһ𣿡

ҪμӽĿΪ˵μӽĿͨѵġ
ǱͨѣûؼҸְ裬ǾͲ̫ˡ

ֱҲܻķѧҵ
ֻкúѧϰܳͷأߵøߡԶ

Щ죬ܻǺǰһûб仯
ֱͷֻһܹǻ˵ʲô
ȻΪȤǸͲǼҵֱ̫ͣá

ֻǣܲҪͨѡ
ǰ쵼ѹֱܻỻˡ

ڣҪҪϢʱվ

á

ϲʹ档
ͷС߶ƵģȥɳûԼİű׺Уܻ

鷿ľʰϡ
СһС֣øԼűޡ

ѧСõӣҸʲô

űĴָҪһЩߴ磬˵磬ҰѴͷֳߣҪ

ָܵе࣬ҪȥԥƬ̣ѡõæ
أǵϱĬ
֪ôӣƤ̵ذű˸黨衣

һӣֱֻˡ

ܾȻӣ˵Сͦɰ
ղҷССӣһ棬˺
֪ܵı֮󣬸оҲͦġ
˵ǰűֻ᲻˵㣿䣿¸һɡ

¥±ţ̣մӲ˳ɷ
һţ鷿ﴫСܵ

ŵ߹ȥű߿
רעоűʱ¶ĺǶһۡ

һֱһĵĺӡ
ǣʲôģ
ʵϰĸĿѧΪ˸ĸȻˣһǲǵȥ⡢ܺӣ



糿ʮ㣬ǵ׼ʱȥڶѵϿΡ
ǽĿΪ˷ÿ˵ȤسⰲŵģôúΪڶʮֱѧʲôȥ
ҲȥĪĿ˼٣ҪСȥ԰

ܿ϶κѧ֪ʶĻᣬʱһΪѵؿСá

ţ̣Сȿر任ű޷͵İ붮 һؼ

о̺ԽԽˣá
һοģЩ죬оСѧš
ôƨĪ룬ŶѰɡ
¥ϵģʵĪѾܵ͵ǰ緢ˡ

̸֮󣬰±ԼС׺Уתܻؼҡ
Ƕ飬ȵһߣǱߵֱصˣʱ׷СཱུӰ

Ԣʮ߲¥һ䷿ӡ
סȾͷһ䡣

ĽŲžžડģһ뵽ؼ֮԰ڴöҪðݡ
ֻǲ֪ʵϰְֻ
ڳô졭

СţŲϵˡ
˼Լҵűˡ

ỳ߳
ӸߣҲմӹ˾Ϲһõĵü

ɫģе㲻ӡ
ֻǣĿ򰲰ʱԻ͡

ڵݿڣһһСͣ½Ų

賳𣿡գգ۾Сʡ

ǳܣеִ΢΢º͵롣

С죺ʦ˵ìܵĻҪͨŶ
ҡỳǾе㶪վֱ׼ݼ

Сȴǰʵʵظסݰť
Ϊˣ

ỳǵֽڰС

ôΪ費ˣͷأСӱóִ֡
ԭУʵϰְֵĸΣ
మģְһమ
ԺͰһߵģΪʲôÿζҪأ

Сӵ𣬹ỳе¡
Ǿú˵

˵Ҫô죿ʡ

㲻϶ѽԴ˼ܿա

ỳǣ
Ҳܿġ

ĬƬֿ̣̣Ҫô壿

С¶ʵϰְû취С飬СָԼţŴŴ˵֪塣

ֻǸСҲû취ﵽס
ͨһ֮󣬰û壬Ҫȥ԰ˡ

£ֺС쳣ӯˡ



ỳǵͻȻ֣Ī鲻̫á
֮ûʲôӵĹ£ֻʱҵذһΪԸ̫Ҫǿòɿֿˡ

֮Ī뷢ԼѾУºӣƫһС

ٺûˡ
֮ƾԲ
ԭƾԲֻǵݵúÿѣʵУһֻ֮Ҫһͻӵйӡ

Ī벻ԸԹȥȻûи
ֱڣ֪Ĵڡ

㼸Ľ죬ỳǳˣѧݣѧͷɺڹ֮뿪Ӱһļ䡣

Ϊ˷ŹԼĪ顣

顪


Ī
֪ʲôʱʼúƤ
˵Ҫ飬ϣڶѾˣȻͷ

ȥţ˭֪һ򿪣һſɿɰСս

裡

ӵЦݾë겻ļ䡣
ĪüĲԾչ

ȥ԰ɡС֣Ī°ڡ

ֱҪر𣿡
ӰˣеѹΪʲô빤Աİ뿴㾵ͷٺҲ뿴
ҪĪ̴ܰãÿıʲôǿ
ʵҾĪĺܺãӰĹ¶Сȥ԰õͷĵĻ˼Ҷ϶˵ȶкܴİôһǲԸ⳴ֻĶԺӺá
ֱĽ˵ټϵǻؼҡ
ϻҪȰְֻؼңڴ°֮ĸŮ
ˣְǸͨϰûнеģϽ飡

һһСȥ԰
ʵ˵ǰĪ룬Ѿܶûȥ԰ˡ
Щ豸ʲôȤ

һᱻ¼vlogŶӸڱϣĪ벻κ˴ŵѡԼ
ڽĿϸܵΪ˷αƽʱźӳУȫζ͸׼ˡ

ˡ

ԶԶأĪ뿴ֳıʶԺС˵

ֻСַŰȫεİ֣
һ̣Ӿϲָһ߸ߵ豸ǾĦ֣

ĪѳͣãźȥƱ

Ĺȣ֮ȻǻΧ۵ġ
һΣΧ۵Ĳа

С̫ɰˣְƯӡ
ǰˢʵϰĸֱ⺢ӺϲڶѾСˡ

ƮĻеɬСġ

ôСĺӣҲ佱Ļ
ĪȤͬʱҲҪС
ǰҪǩͺյķ˿ǣǸСӳġ

˿Ƕʾ⣬̲סʣԼµƬ⴫𣿡

Ȧ·вĵĹ涨˻ʱᾡǱ·͵ġ
Ͼûʱʱ̱̿ĵ˻ͼͲˡ

ĪûĹǡ

ԣҪСѡ˵

֪ΪԼãظߣһ仰û˵
һпֵܻ鷳Ϳʼȥˡ

ʲôĪʡ
ʲô𣿡գգ۾˷ܵ˵

԰ɡ

仰Īɡ
ֻ뵽һ̣Լһ豸ǰ

޴Ĺɽƣǳ̼

̧ͷ
ɽݡһ³ȥһ٣ҶŰ֡
䴦һ·漴һת븩壬һ̶ͣЪ
ÿһͷˣں˼ɵؼУûκһ˵ûΪڴ̼Ť

ĪɫˣһΪѣܲܲ

СϹɵͷֻЩʧ

Īԥˡ
Ӧ԰ģҲŵʲôԣСŸտһҪ󣬾Ҫܾ

ȥɡĪҧź򶨣Ӧ˼

ۣСӻ

ĸŮʼŶӡ
ÿǰһĪ亹ͶðһЩ
š־壬ƽƽȴɥ״̬Ȼͬƺҽ˵ġܹľҶ

һһĿȻðԾԾԡ
ĪҲ벻ͨһСӣôͲ⣿

ڣǵӲͷƤϵʱ
ĪƱóݸԱ

𣿡
ԡ

ԷǸôСĺŶǵĿǶҪģӵһĵĻû취Ϲɽȫһܿ۽ء

ˣԼ̫û档
Բ۾Сһ⣬һܴӡ

һͷСؿĪıת䡣

治ɫ۾ȴˡ
һˣ



ټİ칫ڣỳվشǰֲ嶵һֻ˱
ţػİź׼ԼҪϴĿ

ỳǽӹļҳص칫ϣ޳ָ

ڱҴ
õЭģΪԼܹһ㣬ˣӲϵڶһ磬Ű¸߹ỳǡ

ỳǵ֪֮˰칫ңüСʱ֮Ż
飬̫̫Ǳ߳Աˡ

ʲô𣿡ỳǵı飬ʲôûŵʡ

°֮ǰĪֱƬζãҡ

¶ɻı顣
ƽʱ̫̫ܲǱ֮߳Ҫ鹤ü죬һս
һôˣ

ǹֱСľͷر࣬ǲϲС𣿡

ỳ̧ۣ䵭ɨ
죬ͷֻ

֮ һӡ

̫̫ʵϰŮֱܺ죬˿Ѿüˡ

ỳǴֻϷ˿ΪĿɰ
޷ͣҲ޷޵Ŀ֡

ȥɡ

ʳָᴥ㿪һƬΡ
أԭɢı飬רע

һŷͷߡ




18.  18   ʲôż磡

ʽսĿ̫, ຢӿЩĿ죬ӵ˿
Ϊϰ壬ỳƽʱڹ˾Ⱥμ, ÿž֪ͨͬڻظյʱ̱
˵, ޵Ŀ֡

ʲôֵģ

飬һʼ, ỳĲɵؿĿ

ճʱģ¶Ժ·Ȼɾ, Ժᡣ
Ա·ܽĿ, ҶڽĿеע, 峺Ĵ۾, ֻżðһ⡣
УĵһǡֵС, ᱻʵϰĸ

һκĪֵòɢаµʱ, 緽˵, ÿʱ, ҪӲһ, ˿Ķ
ˣỳǶĪμӵĽĿʽ˽⡣
ʱо˵Ļе֣͵ա
ԭǸ¶

ôиĸĶԼĺӣ
ỳǳ

֮󣬰Ŀеļͥ
ʵϰ浨Ӳڵģ༫ʱģȥھӼҺСˣʱòģ
, Ժеӡ𽥱

Ųݮؼҡ
С˫ŵ⣬ÿһСصңϴСֲſʼƷζ
ԵζӣӲʳԾ򶯡

С̫ɰˡ

£ùỳǸе졣
ĪȻҲ͵͵һ鵰⡣

ǵһһʱѾɳˣҪʱ򣬸һ׷ϳԣָһҪƽϡ
ʶôˣĵĿƼ˲̬ĳ̶ȡ

˭֪һСƹˡ
ڳֻ볢ζ޷ƣһСĵԵøɸɾһͶʣ
֮գ¶ñ顣

ˢ̽Դ
СĭûµЩȵؿıӰȵıЦݡ
ûΪʣµǿ鵰ⱻԵ֣෴Ƿ

ỳǵı鿪ʼרע۵ȾЦ⡣

΢ʾˡ
ķỳǷһŽͼ
һյѵݣƬ

һ˿԰棬ĪͰ
ɿɰֻСְĪĸ첲ȣź
Ī룬ҲãԴӣĪֱýӵ

ỳǵһ
ʲôˣ
㵽һƬ

ƬĪͰЦˮ˿ճڶͷϣЦͣˣᱻظȾ
üչ㿪

ЦˣǸմӡתȱɣһʼ˶µģεӡ
һȥ԰ʲôĪ벻֪ȱķǲתԽתԽΣͣ
ĪʮˣԸʾˣû뵽һΡΪ⣬ڶΡΪ԰̫Ц˰ɡ
ֻаĪ¶һ棬ͻȻоĸŮĻÿˣǵճٿһ궼ᣡ

ٴε㿪ڶƬỳǵĴǲԾǣһǳĻȡ
ܾáܾûмĪЦ

Сûдţ
ĺܻˡ



Ī벻ԼͰվɽ˺ֳ¶һµı顣
ֻΪǸˡתȱתĺΡ

մӡȱʱĪκģĺӻˤӣһַֻŰС򣬻˺һ
֮оֻһͷˡ
͵ԵⱻҪˡ

ĪƤѩףһ͸ԡ
ʵ̫ˣźͷ·һΣ˭֪һⲻɨ·ʱ΢΢һ㶡
ˣЦ
ǵЦûһ˿⣬ǳƣһݵظȱ·Ϣһ

⣬Īǧ֮ģ
Щ

һڣԺ˵лл㡣

ȵѣɢȥ֮󣬰Ī֣ͣܡ

ʮĪ뱻̫˫۾š
ִõʱҲٹ飬ǱˣơͬԱȶȵȵȡûн͹ʵ˱졣
ΪԹЩ⣬ټ֮⣬ĪˣǶŵġ

ɽ죬ûжš
һŵԼôߵС԰ܣܵͷ϶Ǻīûϡ

ԭ԰棬ôġ
ܵԼΥͯġ

裬ȥǸɣСһָ̧ŲԶ
ðĪӦһ̧ͷСָŵķʱʯˡ

תľ
Ĳ˵ǡת֣ѾĪͷΡ
һΣʵڹ˲ϾܾҪǷúʧˣҰɡ

ۡ붼û룬ȥģ

Ī룺Ӧôɴ֪࣬Ҳ𣿡

СӴʱ֪תľҲתȦȦֲò棬űԿ̬ȣһ顣
˾Ǳܾܾ

СԴѽˣСȼ˵ϣֻҵβͼһҲܷ
˭ĪһãȻ

ǡȼСӡСȼǵѽؽͣĸ䡢桭

ã֪ˡĪüģǹ¶ԺСѿĶƬǲ̫ˣ
ѾӰ֪мֻмѡ
ʵڼǲסˡ


ϣβͼһСҲܷ
ǶԵġ

Ī뻹û㰲ȥתľ
ѡĦ֡

Ħ͸Ĳķ羰
ĦԽԽߣԭܴܴˣһһС㡣

ȵĦߴʱ΢΢
ʹĻĥҲȵĳһ죬ܷ¡
֣ᷢЩѪ˿ڻ裬ɰ̺ۣȻʧ

Լгһջ߳ӰĪ룬ؿŰǳųı顣
ȻãһƬڰδ·˹⡣

ǵâȻ΢ȴϣ

ؼʱ°߷ڣ·Ϻܶ£ͬһ̵·ڣѾȴʮˡ
Ī򿪹㲥·ţ̧۾ͿӾСӰģ

ֹرչ㲥ֻе
ڵСӶʲô裿

ѡԼǸĶͯСݺš衷΢Ц

е𣬰ȫϵİػζСѾǲŽƵģСԴһһġ

糿̫磬ֳһ죬еˡ
˼׸裬Сش˸ǷƤ˯ȥ

Īתתť͡
۵ͯصڳᣬֻ

绰㡣

һüЦ˵һȫǺ͹ỳйصġ
֪ǶڿԼ͹ỳǣĪһ⡣

Ҳǣ

룬ĸôûҪ֪£飬ҲûҪҹ
ǧɫҪȻһСˡ룬ӦòˣϾ֮ǰÿα֮ͣһ

ĪӲϰ߰Լ˽̯ڹǰ֪ΪԼãһڴӦ

ֿ֮ʼ
Īỵ̂һûһӦš

ˣǰ컹һҰ˵Ͱһ档ôǸпڱӣϵ֮ǰҲΣ֮ǰӵĶǸƷƵĴԣôܡ

㡣ĪĻȥĹ棬ǲҲѣ

һ£Էļ۸ȷʵǱȽ˵ġ

ĪϷʱӴȦﲻСͯǡ
СȴǮ
ʱһЩⰾҹĺͦ׵ģӲԱݸȤǵļ໤ʵѡԸǽӡǳСһѹե

һ
Сûм໤ˣڳɳĵ·ϣȴ̫ҪǮʱ
ʷṩʵʱ˳ָ̺·֮ӵѡ͸ˡ

Һ͹¶ԺԺãһúһ棬׬Ǯṩõ罫ܽ档ÿ𣿡Īʡ

Ϊ⵵ĿԹ¶ԺﺢǵĹעˣв幤ҪЩĺӡȶܻȥģԼǮԺܣҪú̫ۣӦǿеġ

ţȻǱסɤƵģ𾪵룬òҪǺȥĹɣ

Ī̧ۣٴӺӾ￴һۺӵ˯ա



ĪͰڵһ죬Ůͷ
ܸ裬Ѿʶˣٿ赸ϵı֣Ծ鲻ѡ

ʵ˵Ů̫츳
ͱ赸棬ʱʦ˵ĽǲҪ·ȥ츳ĺӸࡣ
ǣ粻ԸȫȻţֻҲԼǮ࣬赸ʦϹ˵Ķѡ

ϺϵĿΣǽĿ鰲źõġ
պ̺ϻ滭Σ赸ΣܣĿľȻǿζΧγ̡

Ϊγ̶ȽϾǿöҲûټĪͰڼңǾһѷӿֱ䣬һͲ˲ȶȡ
ֻǲȶûãȶ

ʱ֣ȥߡ
Ϊ֪ټңƽʱѧ⡣
ΪŮ뵽һλʦͺˡ
ʱ̼ҲĸŮϲ̨档

罫ңܿͷǧ̺һǰӦ֡

ۺ
ѧ赸ڼһҪϰΪ˵ǶǸŬĺúӡ

֪ˡӵԴ˵

Ҫϴһȥ߼ҡ
߼ſڸһţôӵĪͰ

롣ЦŸĪк֪ԷԸԼת԰˵԰𣿡

ڳ˯һӣصͷһ۾һ
ȣˡ

״̬ѣ粻һֱͷǰ˶ԱȣЦ˵ǰؼҰɡ

ȴʱߴţպ̺ܳ

֪㣡պ̺ŰС֣Ҽɣ

Ī˵ȥɣһؼ

պ̺˸߲ҵشСûˡ
Ц˵ͶԵҲһɡ

ֻǣġ
Ŀһܸ٣ϻһС

СֺǺǵģǡ

˵ߣ⺢û취˵Ҫѧ١㿴Ҫһԣ

ǵЦ⵭һЩ

ܶݶС͹ϣܽ١
ߺܷУǸټңǸʦѧٵĻѡӦ

ϾϽĿ̫ӡ
Ӧ

קקС֡

۾С˵̣ҿ㵯ٵƵǳʡҴСͺϲ֣ҡ
Сʱ־ͳ裬ҵ𣿡
֤һúϰ͵ʦʧ

ֱӺʦˣ⺢Ƥģ˼ƽʱæʱ١
˵ӸʲôͲǺӵ⣬ƽʱǸõСŮҲ˵Ļ̵ġ
ǰͦϲģĹ̫ǿˣʲôĿġ
ĸŮ̫ˣǰͺ̺̺ÿ̫ЦˣűԼֻһĽ㣬ǸʲôżƵģô

б֮պ̵̺ԸģС̡
ΨڰǰرƢΪ̫ˡ

пСպ̵̺СǱϲǿŰְֺͺʱܰԼȥ

ȥɣ

СӸպ̺̽ǱԼӻߵ΢΢ֺӣԴƵġ
ĻҶЦעƿ

ǲٹעˣû뵽ȴ

²С˵
۾ˣǿ̣һŬģˡ

Ҳʱذ˵

ҪǷסˡ
̧֣׼һ۾˭ֱ֪һֻСס

һȥɡ

ţֻûüͼˡ

Сÿʼҧ䡣

ʲôѽպ̺ʡ
Դ⵵Ϸòã

ʲôպ̺һȡ

ʼգһҹжڶѨﶬߡ
һһ㶵ģôôۣ
ʦ̵ģСָС񣬡ǵĶѨ

䣬ſѨ
ţպ̺̺Ҳôˡ

СڡѨԲģԴأСƨɳ⡣
רע
ͺֹ֡

СѵϷôԻ𣿡
Ҹղһ£⵺ó󰡣ǰϲôֵֹĶɡ
С֮ǰűд䣬ͻȻԺӵɣһ㣡

ҶڶߵֻСӣЦͣ
Ҳ֪˶ã̧СԹϡ

㡣Сպ̺˵˯

Ӵյϡ

ô̶̼ӵʱ򣬺Ѿ˯ˡ
ۣСֺСŶ˯УԾɾҵذݴⵡ

˯ˣôое
Ӷ۰ҶˣȻһ㶼⡣
ǸңûеĲԼĺӣĹˡ
ǰ֪Ըȡٻˣźһģ̫ůˡ

磬ˣȴȥɡ˵

ҧ´رӡ



֪Լڲƻļƻ
ߺǺͺ̺̽Ϸִ˲ƣ

ߵɷðһԡ

ڰС֣вУ÷

ҪؼˣֱĽǣߣ
̺СѣҪ飬Ҳܿɰ

ź󣬰ؼȥˡ
ţȷŴ򿪣СӵһۿϵΧȹ裬̡

ĪҪ˵ɫζȫûеģһûС
ÿɺóˡ

ϴС֣ȥæ꣬ſ

׷̫ˣĪʢ͹
СӿŰװ׵ġӨ͸׷û

Ĳʺƨߡ
ǿ޿ɿ𣿲˲óԣͿ׷̺øߣѧѧˡ
ĪЩʲô˰˺ûʳ
У֮ǰҪúܶˣĪһֱڽ
Ѿˣ㣬ܾǾȻҪ̡

ʺƨ߰Сӣ׼ڷԡ

ͻȻֱĵĻӿرĲг
ȥĳ
ûˢĳղһӣ֪˱ϣ˵ĪϹѾ־ˣڰ顣
ôܣҪð
õĻͲֿסˣˣؼҳԷҲؼס鲻ʵ

ĻǱˮ֡

ۿϱʼǱԡ
ί
ĺΪ̫۶˯ˣҰƷƷбҪٴȡͷϵЭ
źһ棬׼˶ڵϿ

ĪҲкܶϣΪʲôҶҪţ

Īɷ֣˶ÿǵദʽԾɲ֪ΪʲôֱĹǺѡʧˣԴӶ

֪ӱԣֻЩС˼ѣ㻵ɣ
Ͼ˵ĶʵĪʦ̸׶ġ



òҪ˰ɣ
˾Ųʮˣȥ԰ûһ𣬳ԷҲֻ׼ԼŮġ
˵õġʵϰĸĿֻĸûиףƭͨ𣿡

۵ݱûע⵽Īҵķʲôʱ죬Ҳûע⵽˸ˡ
ȵҶۣüҪðʱһ

ôˣĪʡ

˶ĿĻϡ
ųţỳűߡ

ڸ첲ϣϵĺڳڱϵŦûϵ
ڵ״̬

ؼҳԷ˵

ĪϹҮ
ǵĶԻƶϣҹǱϹ˵ûջؼҳԷĪֻԼ̵ķû뵽ͻȻˡ
ôˣȻҪؼҺ

ỳȻ˦һ䡰ؼҳԷߵǰΣαϡ
Դе£òͣ壬׷ڵ緹

ỳǵɨϵķˡ
ɳһ㡣
ûˡ

ôԣ

ỳȥһۣ򿪱䣬Щʳġ

֮ǰĪ벻ԸùǶԼĳͷ㣬ýĿͷǶȡ
Ҳ˵ڹǿģֻйỳǵıӰ

ıÿҲÿխģֱġ
˵ӣֱˡѹ˼Ҷ˵³
ܻ
Ī붢ıӰӦҲǱԼϹ˧˰ɡ

Īûбỳ˧
ǱĺƤ

ôˣ
һΣȻǻԼҡ

ǼǵĶ϶Ҫߵġ

ԷѽŴŴؿڡ

Īֻûطǰ¡
ʮӺ󣬹ỳǶ̲ˡ

һ͵峴߲ˣˬڡ
һǺСȣŨĽ֭żȣ滹׺Ű֥飬ð

ỳǸһСȡ

СżȣζƮǼ⡣
ſСͣҧһڡ

Сȱ峴е㽹ƣһҧȥֺۣ̫ˡ

Եͣ죬СͶġ

СӳԵôģĪֻȥ

Ȼķ˺㣬Ųԡ
Ī²Ҷӣĵ



ʱʱ̶ֱ̿״Դڷһ绰ѹỳǸߡ

ĵĪǧζỳѿԼߵģܵ˵ֱرٻȥ͸ˡ

ò㣬Ī
ϵ궼Ѿʰøɸɾϴ

ֱͷǰỳӡ

һʾ
ỳֻܸߵӵĽ䡣

㻹ߣ
ֲġ

ỳֱͦҲŤ
Ī˫ֱأ°ͣޱؿ

һ̣ỳתͷ԰˵ҪһЩ¡
裬л˵

£СȣỳǻԼ䡣
СŲ죬·Ȩе㽾

ỳǽ϶ͯš

ĪվͷȻ֪Լʲô
ⲽɳϵֻԴ򿪿һֱĵĻ

˼ҵ˧Ϲ°ؼ֮ϴ룬ҼҵĳϹ֪̱ɳֻ
׬Ǯ˶ͥ˵Ī˸СŮڡ
ĪԸǿ
¥ϵģΪʲôЭأղĳ϶˵ˣѾ־ӺܾãҹƵһͻԼˡ

Īⷭһ£̲סҪֱķ־ͷ
ǶͯĻ档

ʲô

̫̫
飡

⴫һ

Ī룺

Ƿ
ܲ뿪ţǿˡ

һ򿪣Цһɫƽ

̫̫ǹ䣬͹ˣ

һ˵꣬ƲԣŵĨͿ

վǰĪ룬Ŀɿڴ

ȫû뵽ֱԼķ˿ֿʼˡ

ĵˣĵˣϷ޾Ǻÿģ
°ϻؼҺźġ
˵õļͥأͥ
ղź̫̫Үʲôż磡

ȻԾ˲ţ˵ݵģֱһأỳǾͻˡ
ǲż
һ翴Ƿڼңʲô




19.  19   Ҫˡ

Ī붢俴˺þá
Ƿ, ǹỳǷˣ

סҪ䶪ȥĳ嶯׼򿪿һ
װʲô֪ǲǷˡ

оϹؼ, ĪûкܿҮ
ȻղųԷʱջг󲿷ʱǷչС, СѼвʲôģƺûô

Ī, ƽҰť䡣
˵㰴ťԾɹصýģע⵽, û

ʹһ, ѡ֡
ડһ, ӿˡ

Īֶ˶١
뻹ԭǸһӡ

˭˵Ǹ鲻ã붼֪, ôܲã
ȻǶȿʲôоĪ벦ֵʱ, äһ, ѵգ
ĪҪϹ, ͻ, ղЩ˼ҷ޸ô˵ˣžž˰ɡ

, Īش򿪣ĿƷϡ

ü׳̵ƽһǡ
׵˯ߵƷƣһǳɫһɫ
һ򵥵ɰ, װˢ뵶ĭȵȡ

кܶƷ
ǰˣ

Īַ˷üͷøˡ
ʶüˣǳ˽⡣ڹͻȴ
û취ô

ǹỳǡ

ǳ׼ûֱɫƤһһˣ
Īû˦䣬תԼɳϣ´ֱﰲСķ־ͷ

ҪỳǰСݣʲô⡣

ֻǣ򿪶ֱ֮ͯסˡ
أ

ղ˭˵ĪͻģֻǴ㶯˶鷳ֱغϻȥˡ
Ϲ䣬϶æģϹ˧УĪŮ費
ȥͰְڷ˵ʲô𣿰ѽŶ

ҪĪǡ
͹ỳǸڶͯΪڽһ̣ỳزǽӰ

ȫ򰲰̺ϱķ
ʲôЦ



ڰһԻСУỳǳϿҵһ˵

СӴûװͷԡ

һǳɫ̺
С£ãȻŹỳǣ壬˵ʲô

һʱ䣬ỳǿĪ밲ֱĴ󲿷ƬΡ
һЩ߹ʱǷ˿ƵѾעõģ߹ܰճҲ˲١

Се㶫
ȻܸöĪ롣

ỳǾԼĽúСһֽһ

ͼڵϣҪͰ׽
ֻǹỳȳ֮ǰûȵϰߣôڣȶ޴š
ټУûôĵһʱ֮䣬ĶǳŤ

С¶ϧı顣
ȶᡣ

һ̧оСͬ񣬹ỳǵǽ˽
վһŵ¡

֮ϰ΢΢ǰ㣬첲ⶥϣ˫ֽգһ˵ҪȻһ裬ô

Դ룬ҡͷܾеģ㲻ᡣ
ỳֱ壺ô᣿

ղŻؼҵʱװͰ͵ġСŴŴԼĲ

ỳʶûС
ôװͰ͵ģʹ˵ìʱҲû׹
ֻе䵭ֵòɢ

ȻвϣϰСˣ˵ôˣ

ССֳŵվ
ȱѹ÷飬Сȭͷ˴֮󣬡աȥĪ봲ͷһСȹӡ

׻ɫСȹϵװεˣæ졣
ֻ費ᣬһֱڴͷƵõʱܷá

ʼˣ˵

ỳǲźӡ

ԼУСȹӴڰ۵ĸ첲ϣǰ˼ָǽڡ

顪

ֱʱỳǲʶСڸԼҼҡ
ֻ˵龰֣ǼСȹӣģʱֱϴ

˾Ҫ˵ӣỳӲͷƤСһݡ
šһŰ֣װš

һһСӣ˭û
ڣСԴǰ̽̽գ۾ɻؿ

ỳǻȻѧղĪôˣ

ؼҳԷҪؿڣһСģðÿһֶ̺ġ

ỳ¶˼ı顣
Ϸˣ

ղž˵ģ

⣺Ҳģ
壬㣬ѽ

ỳǶˡ
˼ǣСĪ룬ֻݹٷŻ𣬲յơ

ȻǲԼдʱ䱦󣬻˵ˣܵС֧С
ỳ˵ãĻô˵

裡һؼҳԷ

ỳǿŰ
Դ¶СһС޻ǡ

⺢ӲǶõӣڲϤǰһ
ǺȻ

ѧ𣿡

ỳ˼



Ī벻֪͹ỳڷʲô
ɨ㣬Լʱ˶ٽŲ΢΢
ʲôû˲ֹ֪ʲôصġ

֮ǰһ쵽ģСβһڲˣе㲻ϰߡ
ŶӰЧʸߣڰ˵ʱغͬ

Ī벻ϵԼصķ棬˾Ŷӿ϶һأ

ڰȶȺܴһЩжԺĸҲǲܵ顣
СӴȥĹ棬Ϊ˸鷳ġ

תͬԼ˽ʦ

ʦϸ˶Ժͬе֮ҳ̫ȷЭݣһһ˱ע
ĪյظʦתŶ䡣

ϵ񲿣ҪǼӰࡣ

񲿵ͬһ¡
Ӱ֮ǰӲκκͬϸôôģ

󣬿˱ע֮ˡ
ֻǶ԰رѡ



͹ỳ˺þá
񲹺ļʱСǺɻ̫ӡ

Ϊ̫ŸԸĽѧ

˵ҹȥҪô˵
壬òģôȥأ
˵硭
˵Ҳѽ

˵ˣҪô˵
˵

ỳǾ˺ܶӣһһش
ˡ
ԭϱİأƤô

ֻϸϸһζòԾ
ֱƵѾˣûмĪôɹ
ô˸裬ȴˣƤϱ
Сǲڿ

ĵÿڸС˵壬ҿԳȥ𣿡

ỳǿһֱŷʱˡ
˯ˡ

ԡỳ˵ϿΡ

һĵվ׼ܡ

ıӰỳǿʼԼ
ôԸԼһ
ʵϰְ֣ʵϰλͬŶԡ

һ̣ͣ½Ų
ỳ¶οЦݡ
֪Ӳǲϲ

ôˣʡ

壬㻹ģû˵ллء

ỳǣлл
СӰڰС֡

һܳ䣬ͶĻ

Īûƿӡ
ԵظоڿںԼ衱֮󣬰ͺ¶֮ǰӵıˡ
Ŀʮ¼ʱ䣬ʮĪðʵʵظܵҵů

ỳǸڰġ
ӣĪʱ·ͲµҪԼߣĿбӣȥ˯¡

ֱѾˡ
ڼһᱻ¡

ỳǡĪ޿̣ʣ㵽ô

ɫģȫȻ԰ʱ
ỳǱһǣɨգգ͵۾

СҪսѧɹˡ

ö˶˵ģʲô

ỳǻղŰ˵Ļ
ƺʲôǲסˣֻǵðԼʡ

һؼ˯
ʱỳԼʯˡ

Īֺɵı飬εó˯£һͦıɫǸȥϴ衪

ϱô
᲻ᱻȥˣ

ĶӵıӰ¶ı顣
û

Ī룬ŵػͷŹỳǸߴıӰ
Ƿʲôë

üģ󻺻ڡ
һ㣬ֱ׼ʱ򿪣ʱܿһ¶ڡ
ỳǣûʲôģֿˣҲһѿ

ԾɱỳǵıӰ΢΢һ

ã㲻ùܡ



ڶϰ˵㣬Ī뱻ѡ
һ۾ỳǵ¡

Ŀǰ⹫ԢʱΪ˿ƳɱⷿС͵ģֻһҡһͯһĳ鷿
ѹûеطùỳס

ҲϣѾԼȥˡ

Īһ˿ʳ˯ȹ棬׼ȥ𴲡
Ϊû˯ãеġ

򿪷ţĳڶ󣬱߱˵ȥϿˡ

ֻ䣬򿪶ͯʱȴһ¡
ûˣѾԼСӵ룬ڴͷСˮҲˡ

Ρһ죬ſˡ

־ϲļǵ룡
ղȥܣʱʱ仹磬岻裬˵¥תһȦ
Ѿ˵ˣ¥תֻؼҳ緹
СһǰԼ룬롣

û뵽Ŀˡ

СӲɻ

ỳ˵ܰ߱ˣƽʱֻڼΣյġ
صͷ

һݣĪһ

һͷɫĳ΢ķβҵɢڼϣ⡣
˯ȹסֻ¶Щѩϸļһ˫ֱȳƵСȡ

裡ҸղźȥˡСɹúġ

ûؼңĪʡ
ỳǳɳ̧̧°ͣ˯ġ

ͣƬ̣˵˵ֱ׼ʱˡ

ϵˡ
Ī΢΢ǣ

ȻͻȻ˵˵ˣֱǰ˵뿪ģҿ԰˵

Ī룺
컹ס

ỳֿ̧ǰ˵ʮ֣ҪҪȥ·

ĪŵͷԼš
һ룬ع񣬿첽ߡ

ıӰỳǵĴǹһǳǳĻȡ
ʤ

˵ʮŷ֣Ѿֱȴ
˵һĪϹڲڼң
˵鲻ҿϾѾȥ˰ɡ
ĪԱϷˣҪڴǰϷжѣнò鵽Ϲҵгɣӹܼҵˣ˵һͳȥ˾æˣҲỳɡ
Ǿ̫û˼ˣ˵õʵϰְأƱġ

ֱҪ߲٣˥Ī˸ǲ
һӵʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣĪķ˿ΪżʱһƬֱˡ

ҿǣһܰСͥ

ůڵ͸͹ỳڷǰ͡
ͺܽӵӶСǰһСࡣ
ûκһСֵܵըʳƷջ󣬰۲ؿţ̿ˮ

ԣỳʡ

ͷС߶ס
ỳǰݵߡ

ŴͣҪءһҧ£˭֪Ųˡ

аְ֡ỳ˵

ԼСӺࡣ

ỳǵֽڰС
ͺΡ

Цְֺѡ
ԭģദôãϲſںءְ֣żڶ죬϶ܸĿ
ְ̫ЦˣΪֻŮϲ̣û뵽ȻҲ̵ִ
ǿ

Ī
ɫ΢ţп㣬ĵĴ磬ȴȫȫճ
߹̧֣⽫¶·ǴԼ

ǰʱŸ״СԼҪʱܵĲ˵
Īԣ˹ỳһۣ˸Сӵ

¶Ц

һڿʱ򣬾ú̫ˣʱû뵽ȻͰְһ緹һ졣
Ҫˣĺһˡ
Цú𣬿Ҹӡ
ϣĿеÿһ찡



ĪͰȥֳһ٣ĿΣӾͱȥˡ
ǴǣҲܸ⡣

ûϹκȤ࣬ѵңһ档

ʦ˵ѡϻ滭ΡΧκ赸Ρ

ÿһ볢ԡ
ǣһ˹ʱ̲סĪ˵裬ҿԺһϿ𣿡

ԭģĻ㵵̧ͷ
ɵСʦİ£ǣȥ赸ҡ

粻ϲ
ռͷѶ֪˶ٻء
ǲаһ衣
ΪûκλַӻᱻԼŮȥ
οǺӰ£赸ֻСȡ

룬һ赸ֱɡ΢Ц˵

ĪͷʼҳϢĻ

赸ڿݡ
ģʦ̵衣
ú𾢣ÿһǳλֻСֻţϵıҲܷḻ

ڵϿ۾գԾأԼҲС֡

ǳãʦ̵Ҫ㶼סˡ赸ʦЦԴǼɡ

Ӹʦһ
ԣûôŵÿֻСҲûȡ
ֱĹǻǿýζ

ĿðȻҲ׼赸ôһգ۵ĹǴģ
ĺ㣬ܾúӺۣҲղμӽĿʱԾˡ
Ҵһƽ̨Ƶʱ͹עСǻÿ춼ЦǺǵģûǰôˡ

š
СžԼʦѧϰ赸

ģ׾רעϰʱ˫ġ

һ½֮ϰѶȵĶòã赸ʦ˵

û
ڵϣСȱʦ£СѾҪš
Сʵ첻ˣ

ѾСȥż⡣

ο⺢ӣʲôá
Ī벻Լ˵ˣ룬ղĿĵ˵ˡΪʺѧϰЩգԲúӽӴ𣿡

¡Ī䵭

ζؿһۡ
һμ棬ԷܵأؾС˼̫ˡ

Ϊʲôʺѧϰգʡ

ʵĴ𰸣һѾ۳ˡ
Щգ˵ѧ棬ѧѶǸ߰ġ
Ҫع¶ԺʱѵϵʿǮȥѧ赸

¶Ϊѵı飬ֹ

صƳһۣתĪ룬Ҫȥ𣿡
Ҫһ棬ȥһ档Ī˵

ʲô棿һ¡

һ̣ôѪɫغĪҪĵĹ档
ôᡭ

ӣʲôͻȻЦָĻ

ֱһ
ɫ赸ܽĵֻСӸԲ¡ġ

̧С֣˴Ķӡ
ֱ֮ЦҲȥĶӡ

СѲˣԼСϵ⡣
浽ʱСְཱུСӼ״Ц۾ˡ

赸ʦģҲûţһЦ

һĻ
Ŭϰʲô˼Ƕǰɡ
ܾûЦôˣ˭ǰôůġ
Ҳ氲ĶǶǣ

ޱؿŵĻϵЩۡ
ʲô
ֻȶѡ
ǣƫƫֱĹھͳһס

赸νûҪղŵʱ䲹
ҪһĺӣһѧСѡ

þˣͷʪϡ
һ㶼ۣڰ׷˫Źâ

СӴ߾赸ҵţ滭̺̽ŻʣͿʰ쵵ɫ
Ҫȥ棬СѾˮ߹Ī룺裬ҿȥ𣿡

ڽȥǣɡĪ˵

ۡ

תͷֿһŵ١
ʵĿ黹˵ٿγ̣Ǵպ̺ȥϣʱؼһܸϰĸŮ顣
û뵽պ̺̲Ը⣬ټ
Ϊ˵ͺϲ٣ŲҪѧ

ȥ㵹һˮ

û¾ͰˮˮȹˣĪȥ
աܵǰ

һֻС̽Դ˴ټ
öƮڿյĽҡ

գգۡ
ں̺̽￴٣û뵽ԭô档

С֣ᰴѹ


澭ͣסŲ



Ŀ鰲ŵĿγʮ㿪ʼʮһʮ
˺һߡ

ʱСǶյԼ񿨡

յǡҰֲź
յǡҰְĵë
ܵǡҺͰְ˵˵ﻰ

ڰҲõԼ񿨡
СӲʶ֣ݵǰ裬ʲôѽ

Ī뿴һۣ
ܾ

Ц˵Ŷдţðְ׼һĿᵥѡŶ

Сųɡoͣ۵ڴ
Ҫһ˳Źˣ

Īõšü
׼йỳʲô£
ֻǸ塣

ѡʲôöҪˡ




20.  20   桤ⱦһˡ

ỳǿ, ù֮󣬾ȻȻشֱ䡣

СȻڹ¶Ժ󣬵úܺ, ˰װֺģϽ赸, һֻС
֪Ժ˵

ûκһŮϲݳС

ỳǶֻĻ, ֿ̧һֱٶ࿴ʮӡ
ֻأĿרעˣ۵׻ȾһĨЦ⡣

ĿǼҵ, úȥѡ
ʲôȱ, ҪԺӰְֵݽ, Ͳһˡ

ỳǸûע⵽ǰСӺȤ, ھȻҪڰǰQˢڸС

ˮŮͬ˽ۡ
Ѿûˡ
ҿǰϵı, Ҫ, Ͼÿ춼ô, ˷, ˭Ҹ˵, 鲻õӡû뵽ֱȻЦ
ֻƽʱԸŮӴѣڼ̫̫Ͳһˡ

ԹỳǵƽʱͼӽŮȻ١
һֱұһľ, Ȼڹ˾ἰԼĸ⣬ָϵĽָȴδȡ
һʼԱǻΪŻΪ˱鷳˭֪Ľˡ

ԵͬȺۣҵһ֮ǰĪõӰʱö䡣
Ҳ룬һʱ䣬ܿƺá

һСģв˿ĵˡ



Ŀİǣȵ˯ȥ

СӺٳ棬ϴγȥǸĪȥ԰֮ǰֻк͹¶Ժʳ︺ɹİȥ˳ˡ
ΪʳðرϲԺҪӳȥתתȥôء

ϲȥ˳Ϊڲ˳̯λССϺǶƬ˵ˮһ
ڣڴȥһ˼

Ī˽Ŀʱ䰲֮׼ȴӻؼҳ緹
Ȼ˭֪һ򿪣ŵƮǼķζ

һţѾæˡ

Īõỳǲڼ綼Ҫ

壬ôؼ
ԼСЬԶԶͿϵĲˣúóԡ

һؼ˯ỳȻ˵ϴֳԷ

Īô
ʶôʱ䣬ȥӲỳ˯ϰߡ
ǽӹܼ֮æˣ޲һá

һ񣬾Ȼڹյôʱء
ôУ

ȻķҲóԣһȽϣԸġ
ҲãͿԺúϢ

Сϴ֣ϰߵ϶ͯΣȵ趼£Ϳˡ

ҵһ˧ֺáǮ˼ҵˣǲǱвƱѣĪһ飬̽ǰɡ
ĪѵƯֺáӰ󻹶԰Լ㹻㣬һ롣
һ˵ճʵ̫ˣûӵģһɷСҲ
ϴ˵Ӱ̵ճԿһ꣬ջ仰һ˵ճҿԿ꣡

ĪҲռỳǵıˣ극֮Լʰ꣬ѳɾ
ҽ˵ϴϴʵǳѹ
ʱĪſԼȻʶѾܾûгڱ˵ˡ

ͬʱֱĹǣԼԲһֹͥޱĬǡ

˯ʱ䣬ǹڴġ
ȻûװͷǿСһôҼС

ֻỳûԸ
Űضͯ˵ҪС˯

ƽСӻ˯
죬Ŵͷһ汾

СͷϣǺñӣգ۾ڴ¡

С껶Ĺ¡
ɭܸСú׼ɭᣬݳһչ
û뵽ݳ죬ɭˡ
С굣Сֳβͣȥ

õΣСݳ
ĵСȻڣⴹͷɥû뵽ǣɭСȻԷ֯һֻᣬС衣

СŻͲس衣룬Ǻöкñ

ỳǵܺͳȴᡣ
£ԡ

ϻ汾

Сʣ壬ᳪСѣϲ𣿡
ỳûףʲô

Сӻǵù¶ԺС˵Ļ
С˵˵ҧûд˻ϲġ

衣Сץűǣ˵
ỳǵ΢΢һ汾ŻصСϡ

أ˼ϸ壬϶Ϊǰ̫ίԲŻỳԼɣ
֪ԼıжǴҶϲңĽѾܴܴˣ
ְֻ᲻尲
Ļģ彲ô尲ʱҲģ

ҲһҪ飬ȥҽ𣿡ỳʡ

붼û룺ġ
ǰ¸ҡСѣҶϲġỳ˵

ԴСüͷԾšСҲϲ𣿡
ỳЦˣ˭˵ǵСֻڹ۲졣

ĽӰһ졣
̫ůˣСӽɣɰְ֡
øжСʱҲ˸˵ųûдҾͲԱСԸˡ
¥ϵĽãûдҪ˸ǩ˰ְ˵ģڹ۲ѽ

˹ỳǵĻСӵüչ
һ룬Цݱظ

˯ɡỳǰﰲҴñӡ

ĪŰСȹӣоð졣
Сܷصȹϣδ̫ѣǲᣬֻǲôŪܿóֲڷ첹ĺۼ
ջѡȹӷ£ˮȥˮ

ҵţͯʱĪĽŲ˶١
ôʼǱ̵

֪ỳûôС



˯ʱѾȥϰˡ
С˸ѧʦ̵ִֻ˴

ŽĿţĪ׼ع˾һˡ
ȶ𽥻ǣŵϷҲˣҪȿ籾ѡ

֮󣬰ϽĿĳӡ

ֱͷǽѡȱܣֱǿŶʦ˵

ʣΪʲôҪѽ

Ŀɻںʵʱųôҿ

û׻ʲôյԱһСǮ
ǮСܵ״ë׵ġ

жʮǮЩǮʵϰְֺʵϰѡ

ʮǮʲôĿ̫ˡ
ڴؼҵ᲻ÿɰۡ
¥ϵıڴˣǱƽʱҪһżȥô죿

һǻںģԼȥܰ쵽𣿡

СӴûԹһȥ
ǣ˵Ĺ¡

ҪСһ

ҿԵġƶػش



һߣԢͥĺǶѾʼ

ܵõ񿨣ǺͰְ˵ﻰ
˼ɳϣźӿڡ
û뵽Сʣֻܲܰ

ʶ˽ĿţΪҪԼĸ绰

رͣĿĹԱʱ绰պӵͨʱֻ뿪

μӹôֱգһЩĿûȰž籾רŵĹԱֱ䣬ʱֱࡣ

˼ͷֻܡ
ܺϣֻ룬֮ͨģʽ

衣ܵƽʱ

һͷ긾ŮĲ׼ͨôǴ绰ˣ
ǣĿ˵ǵǸְ˵ﻰ

긾ŮæչӣǱʲôﻰ
ֻܽòײűһ䣺裬ǲҪô࣬ҡ

ˣ໹ΪЩӡǼĺӣ˶ǮԺ󱨴ǾС
ˣǷ㹤ֶˣǽĿܲȰǸʲôͨѸ

ܵĶӡৡһ¾ͺˣ˵Ļ鼱֮»ҵعҶϵ绰

˭ûг

exmԼҪôຢӣҪС
֮ǰһֱܲϲļͥ󣬺ôϲһԱҪǿɣĸųɲţǮؼТ˳ǣչ˵ܵá
Ҳĸǲĺ˵һ䣬ÿ˶ʸĸ
⺢ҲֻѣĵܻܵڼﳳҪƬ

ĻǴ뵽ϣ׷ΪеϢһըˡ

ܴԭã˼øӵĿԼȵصͷ
ֻǣת鷿ܡ

ʵѾϰ߽ܸĸƽϴԽ
кöﻰҪ˵
Ϊʲôһأ

ܻص䣬ϰᡣ
࣬ûСѧʱǴĸɲ˵һСͨ͸ĸȥ顣

ȷʵ˼ҲһСͨ͸ĸӳȴѹ
Ӵžડһ£ڿαϣɫīο

ֱĹǶġ

ʱﴫ˼Сܣһ¡

ݵСкᣬϿαߡ
ΪʵϰְֻҪԼΪﻰû˵
ֻû뵽һߵԾĵӱ

ֵػͷһͣϷҳ档
С˶ԾԴȥеשͷשͷѺңһģժ½ҡ

δģһ۾

˼
ϷСһϰߺɡĢ
ʱѹûϷڶʮʱһ̨С𾢣ھӼҵС

شӳ߳ܶ˵ڵСԿࡣȴãƴΪľǲúӳԿࡣ

ֽܵץסԼ½ǣƶǶš

ѧϰĿóԣһûСʱûҪĿ౳Լϡ
ңˣͰǲЩְһ֡

˼ɳ
߹нؽӹĵ綯ҡֱ
Ӳ̫ᣬϷȴ޷ܡ

ݵСкĿתضŵĻͶԾſ۵˹⡣
ڶ˼ֳֺźģ

˼Цˣֺܻ˼Ϸ浽Ҫź

һСʱˡ
صը׼ʱ͵

Ǽҳһٺõģ

պպѽ
ģóԡ

ְֺãȻԼûкӣоǺʺϵĸ
֪̫취ɣҲ˵ãúӰѼͥѹϵİ¡
Ժְֻܷɣҵͯһϣܵ㹻ǿԺúóɳɡ

Ƭα¼Ͷ嵽ӪţŻ⣬ҵԼͯ˶Դ˸ͬܡ
˷##Ļ⣬Ϊ֧С



Īһع˾˾ԱǾƵġ
һʼҿжиС
ֱʱʱ¶ȵӰҮ

ֻǣӴַԼˡ

Ī뻹Ī룬ǰһ䵭ȫֱԴʱС

ԱǺܻҹԣ˵Լ̣һ㶼ȣӰǰġ
˵ˣûлۣ˭һŮء

ۿĪīǵĹλ߹칫ңԼ
Ī֮ǰһ㣬˵֮ǰʱ˾ƵϷԼĺͬ⣬ǻҿһ㲰
ʵϰĸֱ˾òأһ֪״̬ȷʵöˡ

⸱īÿˣոŮһīƽʱȥɳ̲ʱԴرɰһзٻŮͬ˵

ֻٻһ˵⻰Ҷɢˡ
֮ͬƣҪԴ˺֮󣬾Ϳʼûû˵ɹޡ
ȦɹڹȺɹȺɹ꣬ҪԼֻᣬͬǰԼŮжɰ
δͬ»ѻͬ£Բ

ɢȥٻҲգֻĵĺܿɰСŮīɰ

δ䣬߸Ь̤ʱɵ
һ̧ۼĪͷԼٻһ¾ͺˣͼԼֻض

˭֪Ī벢û档

īأ

ٻ

ǸСŮīĪ˵Դ𣿡

ٻصͷԵģôСĺӴģ㿴ŮЧͼ

Ī뿴һ۷ٻֻе㽩Ӳ
īĻ

īǴ˵СǶܻӭˣŮȥ׶԰СöҲҪء

Īֿһۣҡˡ

ٻЦݶֵӣˣϴʱһݣ˻ȥġĻȰûȥǼұðɡ

ллĪӳҳŰװеĶͯīǮת㡣

ٻ㡣
ĪҲ㡣

ͬǷ׷Ͷ𾪵Ŀ⡣
ǸղǸ·ĿбӵӰ



Ī͹ỳѾڼȰˡ

ô°𣿡ʡ
Ҫؼҿʲôỳ˵

Ī룺

Īվȥ򿪱䣬칤Աæɹʲô
һŰ˺ˮͷϴ

Ҿðġ

ỳǸôܣǸʵϰְֺʵϰ
ʵϰ塣Ī˵ţϸָҶ

ỳǣ
ģ

ʲôĪĵһۡ

ỳǶˡ
ͲҪ̬ȡ

˵ĻɣỳǰùһƬһƬҶ

Īֿתȥü
ڹ˾ʱˣֺÿöԼ֮󣬺׾ϸһࡣ

Ī룺ϹרҵĹϹҭû˵ӣ̫Цˡ
ŮһڳˣΪ׼ͣůۣ
Ҫһѣ᲻
϶ôģŲðְѹء
ǣǡʵϰ塱Ү

Ԣ󣬳Ǳơ
ÿĪӹỳ߹ʱ˵ľ붼

Īû̧ͷܸоȵĿԼϡ
Բæؿȴֻɳϣظоеڿʣ輸ϵˮ

ͷտյġ
ĪĲɣձӷŻԭλ



̫ɽ֮ǰСɹԱͻؼҡ

վڼſڣС̧С֣ãŴŴغ裬

һ򣬷űˡ
Ī͹ỳǶվűߣһЬһ

ԭмҵСѻصңǻᱻһӭģ

ЬСһݡ

ỳҲڱϸţʲôˣ
һ֣ûԼġ
ϾĪ˵׼ûԼķݣֶ˵ġ

û𣿡ͻȻЩȡ

ĪŷСֿտա

ءص˵صҪغۡ

صĶָ˾ʮǮС𣿡
Ŀ鲻⡣
Ժ󰲰㲻ۣĿḺ𣿡
Ŀ飺ѽţcue

ʲôĪ

СҲӣһش

ỳװ⣬΢΢°ͣĿ
ģʲô

еС׶԰ʱִС
СַŽͣźһֱۺܿͱûˡ

Ī벻ߣصţͻȻЩڴ
ڣóһСӡ

СֻаôС黨װֽģּª
۾ȴģ·Ѱ䱦

͸衣

ĪеЦ֣µؽӹַǳʽеüװֽ
ڻװֽ¶һСֽС

Ц̫˰ɣ˺ü㡣
ҴԹһ£ֵʮǮװֽ֪ģֱĵҰ
ʲôˣǿһûн

ৡһ£ĪֽС
һССġɫκУǣСʱκʽ

κаȻпء
Īоһ£κд򿪣Ϲ۵ķɫκװһϹ۵ġˮ

ÿ𣿡գĴ۾˷ܵʡ

Ц
Ǵҵⱦģ
ڵãøһ
òÿ˼ô

ÿĪȾЦ⡣
С˵Ҳмֵ
СӽΪƯؼң͸裬ôܲÿ

ÿỳҲ˵ϰɡ

˷ܵصͷֻСִκУС
ֲڣģģý⿪۲ܴϣСӽ⿪ɳϣΪϡ

Ī·ЦƷƴһ㡣

۲ѽһ˿ա
ҡĪҪԼ֣ضߴỳǵͳ



ỳ߹񰲰һĪ
޳ֹǽڷָָⲻϸĺ󾱻

Īһ¡

֪Ϊʲô˰ְϣҾȻһʱеԻ󣬸оֵǡ
ְָĪʱᣬҶһ㶼ֱš
Բƽʱһǧϱʯǹܵճˡ

ƯѽС֣ģȥþӣ

Сȷɱȥױ̨һöСӡ
һ͵УСϣſ鲻Խ˵˺öĻ

Ī뱻Цˡ
СһģһС

ŰģվһԵĹỳһĽ
±Ī˵׼ˣʵϰûС

´νòãĪЦŶ˵
ۣͷ絷⣬Դ룬̫ҪȰܴ

ǵȰӦѾʵϰϿϵ˰ɡ
Ŀ֮Ī͸𣿡
ػͻȻŰˡ

˿ֱ֪ĹѾʼʮֱص¶ԺԼ
ԾԾԣСһӷĺС



Ī룺
ỳǣ

Ҳ𣿡
ۣ

͡
һСóһС

СϹһ׹ȻǼٵġ

ĪŴЦˡ
űˮӴֲڣأһͲϰ

ƺǻ˴󲿷ֵǮԼ֮Ŀ齨˼˼ܹỳǣСӾˡ

㱻ܣỳǻǺܿġ

Сİ£ãתתһ

˭˵ʵϰûеģỳǳĪNɪҲУƯġ

ɹ
ƼıܹģҪʮأ
лˣ
ϱҫѽˣȻҪСǰ裡

оỳ衰ʾٴΰС
һ룬ಡһ¸߾һ



ĪԲ۾
˭Ҫ͹ỳǴһ

˭ֺ֪ֱӽһϸϡ

ỳһ㵣漴¶մմϲı顣
Сڰأ

Լѡ⣬ȫûע⵽Īдſܡ
Ѹ첲Сϣ˫תͷʵϰ壬裬Цݲá

Ī벻úʧֻɿĺԼϡ
ֻǶϹỳǷ·ռ˵ĵ飬̲סҪ

ͰְֻŮǰĻֺܰЦֱĹǼҪֳ

ˣҲ׼Īóӹ˾ԱСī

װһ𣬻ڵīó
Сϲòˣľ

īı߿ǲʺɫġʯ͡顱

Īīʸȷʵ˵㡣
˾ͬ˵öԣӵ۹ܻϲһЩֵֹĶ
ڿôˣͷˡ

ðݵСīڰıϡ

Сתͷỳǡ

壬ÿ𣿡
ỳǺԼÿ

裬ÿ𣿡
Ȼ

ֱǰĹЦᡣ
ΪĪܰѰŤתû뵽Լȱƫˡ

ˮī
⻭棬桤ⱦһˡ




21.  21   С̫ˡ

ỳǺĪȥ, 򿪶Ƭɳȿš

û˼Ƭ
ԼСī

ԼǲģСӻȥպ̺̼, ú̺̽㿴һƯī

պ̺̱īϵ龪ˣԲ۾Ư

һԼСϵī, Сġ

ԽҴһ𣿡

Сһ¡
̺̽ĺ, ǣ͵ī

СӲãСغ̺̽㣬֮, ҵīҰѰű߽, òã

պ̺̺ܿСõ, ֣ûϵ

С޳ǸҲƽ, һ
ں̺̽С˵ԼʱȤ¡

һ˳ȥ, ̽һ
һ̽𣿡
һ̽ۡ

̺̽, ҲԺһѽ
ҪҲϲ
𣿡

СѴ

̺̱Ҳ, ŲҪϺ, ϻûõ, һԶˡ
ߵϽ׷ȥ˱ؼңɢ

ְ˵軹ϵ尢̺͸Цˡ
СһھΣԴ, ʹż

ʱɳϸԼĹ۷΢š

治˵ġ
ӽˮ

߾ڽĽĿУһֺüŮĺ裬ֻԼ

ߺϹĻܸоͦమģǲΪʲôҪ˵衣
ΪСﳤûܹʲô۰ɣΪʮһ˳졣
ߵľǣǧԣ⵵Ŀ̫нֵˣδС
ϣܹúãһͦϲġ



ţ˺ԼQŻؼҡ

ⱦһڸÿˡ

ǹỳǺĪһ׼ġ
˴ӳｫĲ˶˳ʱǳմȴרе÷ֵĲѡ֣ŲĹâ

Ҳ֪ôˣСѳŲɹһ죬Ķ

ϰźöӣһЩǹỳģڼеǳĪ֮֡

ô༦𣿡СӺʡ

ҪΰͣӣỬ
ȳٳͲῴġ
ҪõƤû̾ҨȺԷˡ

Īһһ۵˵š
Щ̵ģ

ʲôлСҽĿ𣿡
ĪĺţԼܺóԡ
srdsоϹ˳Ǽ̲˸ʳ
Īĸˣˣ

˵

Īͷ԰ɡ
ͻȻСֳɻʣΪʲôҪô༦ѽ

ĪҲ֪˵
ֻ˵Ͼֱ
סˣе㿨ǡ

ΪǼ⿴ʦỳǵЦ

۾ȵ˵Ļ漴˲ݵı顣
⿴ʦҮһǷǳǳ˲ģ

ССӣʼĳԼ

ô޵𣿹
⿴ʦʲôķţ
Ӧǹ̫̫ķŰɡ
۸ʲôɣģΪֻ
һô༦ãҪȻӰ´ѧѧġ



ϣΪԼֲźǰĿҪ󣬳һ񿨡
ĿΪʣûоܾ

ʱڶͯŮ˵

֪źʲô𣿡

ҡҡͷֵͷ

Цһ
İְõİְ֣ǵְһʱ򣬲ûеõǼͬ
費ϣְϣġ

˵裬̴һ绰ɡ
װ¶΢΢㵵ı飬ຢӵͷ޿κεصͷ

ҿֱ٣Ϸ𣿡
һֱΪǸ裬û뵽ԭаְֵģ
һֱߵǶ裬úȥֺš
ܲܶߣҪ˰
˵塭ѵİְҲʲô˲õݱ𣿴ȱ˵ǺÿĵĻҹ°

粢ֱ֪Ѿ𽥶ԼС
ֻ룬Ŀһûᣬúæ޸Լδ֮Ĺϵ⡣

ֻֻСܽҡ

ֻڴϣŵͨ
翿űߣü΢΢šš

òףҶϵ绰
߳ģ裬ȥҳԷ

һϲ͵رס

Զָǵһȥ



ǰְĵë
һֱ󣬴һûȵСжһˡ

˵õأҶѾˡ
ѵͰְദʱ䲻ûзʲôë𣿡
Ȼеģƽʱճͦģŷüͼװ汻С̲𴩵ӣ̲סЦ
Ӧ˵طҪװ棬̲𴩡ȻеС˼Ǻܿɰġ
طȤΪԼ˧ܲߣ

ط㲻֪ԼȤ
ڴԼ˧衣

ÿ쵽ߵʮӣ׼ʱȥϴ裬֮ڶͯ
Ѿߵʮˣֵʣգôˣô
֪ˮ
ϽȥҪȻˡط˵

ϴʲôġ
ʱô࣬Եֱϴ벻ͨ
˵ûһֿܣҪԼϴ軹Ǻ˧裿

Ǻͷۡ
˵ģط裬ʵ̫ˣҺȫ

Գ𣿰ְҪϴˡطȲסˣſš

˺þãˣС
ӾһֻСಡһ´ʵϰְߣطһʱûӦ

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Ӧúɡ

ﴫˮ
ͽһڿƴͼ

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ûûУҲˡطŵ

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æþá

ֱǵθڶСڵʱճˡ
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ҸղſʲôˣطգƤĲУ۾ĺСǾ
ʲôƽʱȻһֱΪϴʱհʱһ䣬Ȼͦ壬ֱǰʱе˧
ôʱ䣬Ϊ˰ѻױƷ
һ˵һطҼˡƽʱ˶ֵߣķ۵װ
ױȻŨļ治ǴҾȻû

հѱط㻤ͻֺֺ֮ЦѰְֵĶ𣿡

ʵϰǰҪʵܶ࣬СΪǰְĵϰְ߰ÿϴҪ»ױٸҳܾúܾõĸ衣裬¡

ҪҸĵʲôϰߣնʱٴС
ҡͷûлϰߣ

ӣüЦ
һӵС´βðְô㽲¡

ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ
ԽҲطˣֱ˳ˮۣԼͻ·ߣС¡
̫ЦˣҸоǻѡôãôãطˣӦúܿİɡ

طңյֻ

ÿϴ裬»ױڶͯ裬ԼŵġС糡
ƹܰĶͯĳ˧ģ׷ҪԼ˧һ㣬ױݶҪ»
ϾƤãױˣӰ

ڣֱĹô˵ģ
˵ѿ
ǻ˵ȥˣ

ĵĻǣ̫ͷѹûаݺʵϰְֵĽɫûĶԴӡ
żصط㣬˵ζ
һΣˡ

Ǻܿ죬
Ϊ˾Ȼ绰˵ѡ

ڣط뱬һΡ
Ȼ֣Ѵ

ֻһۣԣ

#ױط#
#ط#

ء



һ죬ֱÿһ˵ޱȳʵ
ΪǽĿݵһڡ

ֱ伴رյʱ򣬴ᣬϣֱʱܹӳһЩ
᲻ÿɰİСһӲĺ̡̺𽥳ԼĵܡҲеҪ֪Ҿʲôܡ

ֻĹǣҲϲǵġ
Ǳ˭˸Ϣʱ䣬ԱǶҪ˯ˡ
Ŀٻ𱬣ҲӰ캢ǵ˯ʱ䡣

˵ʮֱ֣׼ʱ

ﰲ˷ۺɫС˯£һѾϴɹߣӦѾˡ
СȵһԼȥ̨˯¡

Ī߿ỳǶڰǰ˫С򣺡԰𣿡
Ϊѣ壬˯ˣϿ𣿡

ỳûϿΣøСһϿΣѹвͨ
ڽϱǽȡ
⺢Ӹҽ̣ѧء

ϸһ룬ỳǻǾıԡ

ǽ첻ϿΡֲ䣬Ժ󶼲Ͽˡ

ɿˣС߶ͷ

ð˵ỳ˵

ɻգգۡ

˯ˣȥϴ衣Ī

СɾˣȥӹС˯£ıҪϴȥ

ỳǺͣû˵ء
ͣСѾһɲԹɵػͷšһ

ỳǳ׷ˡ

Ǹղʲô Īʡ
ỳ¶ЦݣûС

ĪֵֹؿһۣɹõĿյ̺иͷԼõɳϡ

ỳǱſյ̵̺ġ
Űɹӡ

Ԣֻһ䣬Сϴ裬Īûȥжױ
С㣬ȻԼϴˣˢҪóʱ䡣

Īȴô벻һ⡣
ͼСΪʲôҪˢôã

ડһſˡ

ŷۺɫС˯µİ˿ϻˮ飺裬

ģỳһ±ֹ
ĺһֻС

Ұ㴵ͷĪ˶ͯ򰲰֡

ױ̨վĪǰ
ķ˿Ʈͷ˿۽Сܵ۾ϵ˯һ۷۵ġ

ͷ̶̵ģֻ°͵λãܿʹˡ
Īͻضͯ˯

ЩӣСԽԽճˣ˯֮ǰҪǣǣС֣Ҫ˵
˵ССεİְġ

ĸŮСֽͯСԼϴ
ĪҴñӣҪţ𣿡

ȣˢͷҡɲ˹ġ

ɵðȵСĪĶġ
ʧЦ˯ȥĹ档


գգ۾衣

ĪЦҪתصƣȻһӰűߡ
ỳһֻͷһֱֻſյ̺ɳ˯

ỳǳŰʹɫ

һӾˡ
ղԼԼãҪ˵

裬ɳ˯ۡСӵġ
ỳҵɽˣǣ𵭵Ц⡣

ôĪ뾯
ط˯һ

ͷ裬ط˯ɡ

ỳǿҪ̲סСһһĴָ

壬ɡ ԼСӱ

ỳǣ
Ĵ̫Сˣ˯ˡ

ûϵաԼСͷС鲽ܵĪߣҿԺ˯

ĪƲȥЦ⣬ѰСͷӹ߰ɡ

ỳԭأһһСȥʱıӰ

ǡһͯСűˡ



ڶһ磬ƯƯģ׼š
ֻͻȻ֮䣬绰˵һЩϸҪȷϣʱƳٵ硣

ҲõţðϿȥ

СϲϿΣһ衣

ֻһ֮ǰģüģһ㷳ա

ô
Ҫȥ̼ҳԷ̲Ҵȥһˣúѽ
ôѽ
һȥ𣿡

ͷҪȥĹˡ
ûϵѽϲųԷأȥòã˵
˼þãĺýŵӣ֣صͷһͬͬģ

Уš
ĪĻðȥ𣿡
ȻҳѺ͹ȥûʲôΣգȥ᲻ġ

˵ĹɺˣгԲҰأ
һʱ򣬸ööҰ
лл

СѴһ£Цöǹһġ

ֻǼҳϢֱĻ磬ɫѿ



ͬһʱΣ峿Ǳشڡ
輸ϰŰ̾µ㣬ݻŮʿһľۻᡣ

Умλõ˴ġ
ֻ˭ó࿴ۣۻᣬҲԡ

̡
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Ȼ˭֪ǻź˿
أһ˼棬֮

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ʱ䣬ֱ
ֱĵĻ̫ң˰Լص˸֪类жҡ

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˵ĸÿȥҲ죬ҵڿǡܲĶӺǸŮһַֺϺô꣬ڡ˵

еĺ裬õ˵ỳϸʲôҶӺͶϱĸ鲻֪á

һ֣ôãôӴϱؼҳԷ
ϱŮؼҳԷˣû

ˣϣŮҪؼҳԷ

ùǺ˵ƣûŮɡ

ٵС̫̫ˣһ΢ֵŮʿЦŴԲղ·ϣһڿֱأûɣỳǺϱһʵϰŮҲرɰ

ûֱ׼ȷ˵ڽ֮ǰû˵
ỳƽʱæٻؼңˣҲЩ
˵ᣬ

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΢Ůʿֱֻ䡣
һʼͰһԼС˶ȣֿɰġ

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һĪ룬ĵסϱƯ

ôںʵϰŮ˵Ļ˴Ȥ

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ȷʵӣ˼ҵСôãǸǣġ

һҧðҪЧķգ׼ܡ
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ͬʱҲˡ

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һ̣绰ϵԼӡ

ỳǣϰǸŮһԷ
ʲô

ʵϰŮСѾͷʵ̫ˣϽ档

˷ܵỳһͷʺš
ԼڶͯС˯һ޵£òĸ˵Ļ

С̫ˡ




22.  22   ǻбڵķա

ʵϰְûкһ˯

, ⻰һ˵ڣҳϢҶˡ
̼ýӲԼǵ, ѾΪεҪҵط졣

Ҹطȥȥˡ

ƽ, պطӰ룬һҪʮָ۳, һȴʵϰ¿εġ
⣬طû

֮طܵʹĴƲһ, ۾
, ۵׵ĺȦ, ζˣҲ˼Լĳ覹ó, ƹˤر

Ҳֶ, ⶪĳ̶Ⱥһ, ɲС׼

ҡҲ˼ɫৡһ±, һ, ȴ֪˵ʲô, κνͺͽڶԵò԰

ʱ˵ҰԼŮʵʵʱŭӿͷ
һ֮£޴⡣

ĪǴѧͬѧ
ӰѧԺѧʵûô⣬ѧУﳤȴͷͬѧ̫, ֻһ

Ī˶һ
ٳҫ˵ݣߵǹâɣĿͶעġ

Ҳһ

ΪԼͬͬѧԶ
û뵽һΣĪվͬһϡ
ǣˡ

Īɷ鲻ãڵԴǰԸ䵭һͲǻӵġ
Щѡ

ͷĪͰĿܻӭһαɾԼһֱҪµĹԼ
ɷĻֱĹǿٳǳԣcpۻǽ˺Ԯ˺ţĿû¼Ѿᣬٽ͵ķա

粻š
õķޣô
ݿʱʦˣﻰ˼ҲȷʵĪؿЭ飬Ϊʲôỳǻؼң˾ûһˣ

Ǵ㵱ڲĪ룬ֻ֤ʵԼжϣŻѰһĻ

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ԺܺԼĪ뵭ɨһۣһ䲻䲻ȵĻ

ĪܿʹŰ뿪ˡ
ǵıӰıóģ˲Ԩ

ĪмԼִ
Ϊ֪ʲô˵ֱĹҲѾһĻ

ǰɣǰɣأ
ͦһˣСʲôôȥְĴſţ
¥ϵ˵ôֻеԣЩֱǵģҲһ𣿡
̽Ŀ̾ͺˣôɰҪһط¿СԼƬΡ



ỳƽʱٽӵĸ׵ĵ绰

ʮͷˣûΪĹŹ˴뱲ӡ
ƽʱæҪݾǹ֣ҪһϽصķɣȤñ˻ࡣ

Ҳ֪ôģȻһʱҪ溢ˡ
˷ܾ˵СѾͷ棬˻㡣

ỳûһһһˣһ绰ըֻܻؼҰ

ֻ絽֮ŷ֣ڡ
ĪȥĹˡ

ỳóֻĪ绰
һ鲻ͨ顣
ˣ

ʮӺ󣬷㣺㣬֪̫̫Ĺ𣿹ͱˣϵ̫̫



һ㳡أҴ

Сӵ۾Բģϴĺһ峺ڳĹԱǶ̲סǰС
СãСģСܾ
Ҳ̫ΣһСıӰҪˡ

СѣҽʦŶЦలԴ찢㻯ױ

ֺСסС㣬˵СѲܻױ

ûһŮֵܵӺ㡱Ŀ֡

ĶҪˣĵؽͣǵĻױƷСӿõģƤ˺һϴɾͺá

գգ۾СִŲˡ

ױ䣬úڿԵڸ߶ȵϡ
óӰˢʱСһڴرʱȵģסЦ⡣

ƷҪֵĹܰķΧøӻŲ̃ױֻҪһӰ͹ˡ
ŴһС˶۾ӰˢƤ趯ζü̲סҪ۾һ

Ŷѡ

ؽ˫ۣĽëͣ

ױ͵ˡ
õ˾˿ϸһ־ûζͰѺӵͷ

չ°͵С̷Ҫ̳ͷ÷ʦһ
ãڰԲСԴӸˡ

򵥵ױɺһȺ˻ǰΧۡ
۷۵һСӣȹӣɰǴͯСһ

ڴҶ¶ĸЦʱС˵㣬Դѽ

ԱʶΪ˸̳ͷԴϼ˺öСС

̫𣿡ᲦŪӵͷӦĻҿõһЩ
ҡҡͷƯͺá

ԶױĪ⻰ŵЦ⡣

Ŷһ𾪡
ΪӰŶӣô꣬ǻûЦô

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һ׼֮󣬵ȸĪͰϷºףһһٵ˵
û뵽ϣһӾˡ

һǳеĹ档
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֮ĸŮͰɳϣһڽһڣԵýζ

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Ī룬ȻҰûȤСӳԵô㣬ҲܿϷ

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㵽󣬵Сƽʱϰ˯ʱ䡣
ԣƤˣСǷ

Сͯǣݺ͹Ա취úһЩġ
ϾĪģټعǺòײĥĻᣬ˾ʱһЩҲҪ㹻

úȥ˯һСʱټ
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ֻǺȻ֮䣬е
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⣬ỳԼ
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һĻῼЩ⣬ȫŵģ
ǵȴϰһ졣

ôˣĪʡ

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Ҫ𣿡Īװ㵡

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ỳǼǣͨĵ绰ҾҲʱҪߣûϵҪҪ
Ī֣˵裬Ҫߡ

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ỳǣ
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ȻֻǸСѣܸоõ˭ϲԼ˭Լ䲻ȡ
ټƽʱŬѧϰʱҪ˵ֻ̲Ըǽţ֮У̡־ͳһɽѹССļϡ

ڣƯ·ȴ۾ᣬܲܲȥ

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󣬰ԲĶӣ߳ˮ

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Сרĳˮƻô࣬ડ

бһۡ
ܾʱȡ
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գ۾̧ͷ̳Ŀ⣬ͷðɡ

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ڳ˶ͷЦ⣬ڣ˼ӡ

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Ȼ粻⣬Ϊ۶̵̹࣬úܺá
µģʡġ

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⻰˵ģǴ˼Լôһбһۡ

үǸϲˡ
˵ˣС󣬹ỳѹú˵һ仰ġ

εס
һбۣүӵ΢СһЩ

ȫǵĶԻԶԷؼʡ
Сɻ̣ʶ𣿡

ְֵ谡

Բ۾¶ȵı顣

ʶԼղûѻ˵
͵С̫̫ɲǺ̵
Ϊ⡰̡Ͱܲġ̡һء

⺢ӣʶ͸ؼңүǻᱻߵģ

óŶһӡ
ʵİߣΪǽĿ鰲ŵġ
СԺģڲʶԡ
»ؿɵˣ

ҲϽԺӽаȫ
ʮӵʱ䣬ǿȫ⣬԰ǧú»ǧİߡ

´֪ˡ˵
һӾˣСԴû£̺úø˵أ˾ͺá

С˵ĻоĿ⻹ͣԼϡ
С̧Ϲүӵߣè׽Ϸһ㣬Դȥ

СүӻҪ

үžϵ죬ŵˡ



ҹ࣬ỳǵĺɫܳ۳ڴϡ
һִֻỵ̂ɨһڸʻλĪ롣

ĪѾܾûдĳˡ
һûСӣеһӺӻؼҡ

ôڹ˼ңĪʡ
ڻҳԷðһȥˡỳͳԺӺܺãõġ

Īû
ǣүҲڼҡ
˼Ĳ¶ෳˡ
֪Ǳߣ᲻ί

׵ĳ˶Ĭˡ
ỳִ򿪹㲥

ôɣһϤϸϡ

Sometimes you wonder if this fight is worthwhile.
The precious moments are all lost in the tide.

׸衪Īһ¡

ʮһǰһʱľ׸衣

ȥ£ĪǣǳĻȡ

ʱỳǸƳɼܰμ⣬ΨӢûĪúá
ȷϹϵһ죬ǵĶ׸衣
ʱ˵ǵĶˡ

ʮе㺢Լʡ
Ī벻ʧҷ룬ĿбûֳϢ

֮ãỳ£ʡ
ʱ֪ԭһױ˵衣

ʮһꡣ£תͷų⣬ʮˡ

ỳŷ̵ֶ˶١
ﲻ֪ʮꡣ

ֻǣԭҲû

ỳЦһ



ҸỳǴ绰ѾСѾͷ·ˡ˶٣˵ĪҲһ

ףүʮˣûСʱͷַֺϺϣڽˣǲ죬Լӣȥ˵ġμЩսĿʲô̤̤ʵʵӡ⻹óĪϣˣ鷿

㿴᲻ȥЦУš

һֿͨʼؼʡ

ųСӣҪʱͻ¸ҡ
嵽үǰĪ˵費ʮ꣬ʮꡣ

˭˵ģ׵Сӣˡ
תͷѽ

¶Եϵı顣
û뵽ĪֻСǰ˵˵ġ
ôƯĶϱϣԶʮ
ʮϣҪʮ꣡

£СѾͷ㿴̶ꣿ
̿˺һƶʮꡣ

۾ˣЦǾͿֵϽ۽ǣԼЦβơ

עرʮ꣬ϵǮ壬Ӧȷʵģ

үӲ̨֪ʲôôСĺӣûᣬ

ŰС֣СѾͷ˵ꣿ

̧ͷʼ濴үӵ
һӡ

үгضɳϡ
ϸϸһȦ֮󣬰ͬг

κСһָ۶ŵصڿտĿһꡣ




23.  23   ׻᲻ӣ

һꡱ, ֱ

ѹû뵽ӻô˵֮, һױЦ
һΣС̫̫ʵǱס, ֻס۽ǣЦöӶ, ɳϰСѾͷԼϣϲҪ

үӵһڣһ̣Ĳá

תͷŰ, ûСѾͷ, İɣֻСꡣ

ʮһ, үʮ壬˸սʱ˭˶Ҫǰһԡ
ڼʮȥ, ôϱʮ꣬һˣ

ȹүС, ƶǶ
С, Сһ
⻰, ˲ӡ

СӰѻ, ٴζү֮, ɻ𣿡
£ҡҡͷҲš

һ
үðԴƲȥˡ

ֵͣ˫Űգཱུ⣺ôͲˣ
գգۣ˵Ϊ̺ƯƯۡ

Цһλصڱ
Ӷʲô
СѲ˵, ʲô˵ʲôڿľʮӣ

ЦʵǹڿţڹỳǴĪ뵽˼ʱ˶һ¡

裡СһĪ룬Сȣܹȥ

ĪҲû뵽ֻһûѣԼôŵһʱ⺢ӽӻؼˡ
ϰŴЦĪ۵ײԾȾЦ⣬κ˵Լ֮
Ŵк

֡衣

үӡߡһ
еغĪԼ¡

ỳֵʣ裬ղôЦôģ

ûء
ڶӿˣŲܾش𣬽µǰ˵һ顣

⡣
үһá

ͤǸ̵Ćͷ˼뱲ӴӵеһУһͷûʵҲޱԴ
ỳǻСʱ򣬾ͱ⸸׹ܵϣڱϻνͯ궼ûС
Щ꣬μ˭˭Ը

үӵΨһһεͷǰ岻ʣϣỳǽӹܹ˾

ỳǽˣúܺãκë
ɼˣĹϵԾûл͡

һִͷỳƽʱһôġ
û뵽Ա

˵ĵ˾ѣοôɰ
ỳǵĴǹ𵭵Ц⣬˵˵ġ

գգ۾
ģû

СӸһꡣ

ĴЦ˺ǳЦУүӵְˡ
һСѾͷִʲô£
⻰ȥתĪ룺Ī룬鷿һˣл˵

֣ӻûϨء
ĪϺŪѧҲᵱɵĶϱ

ǾȥϨүӻû˵꣬ٴαỳǴϡ

ˣҪؼ˯ỳ˵ѵ

үҪӵۡ
Ƴһۣʲôǵ˵ˣСѾͷҪ˯ҪǱ˯ʱţ⣿

£ЦӭˣỳǡĪ룬Ǵȥɡ

Īðүү˵ټ

ССŵǰڰСغټ

ỳΪԼһͬᡣ
żһ죬Ը⺰ˡ

һ˵꣬վԭأתͷүӵķ

үӰһųһڡ

ò˵үټ

ỳֳ
ҿܵĴզأҪԼˡ

үһڲҪֲܺСһʶûضԹỳǺĪ˵ӼȻǼңǾ͵ùܣ͵ý̡ղѾͷѹʶ裬žˣ´ǻˣô죿

ỳǺĪӣࡣ

Բ۾
ϴүôСѽ



һ뿪˼ұ
ղ·ϣỳǺĪֱڼʻλ͸ʻλϣʱʶĸо
룬ӦҲͬ뷨Ϊǻһ˵ദʱ˴ΨһûԵһΡ

ỳζ׼ؼҵ·һ
Ŵ򿪣ѰϺһҪԹԵġ

˭֪Сѽ

ỳһ̧ۣһߣĪѾ˺
˶ʱ¶ı顣

Ī룺ô𣿡
ỳҧҧûô

ɡĪ˵

ỳǴԴʻλߣԽԽԼ˾
ػͷһۡ

һۣˡ
ΪĪͰı鿴޹



һڴ򿪷ŽݣֱĵĻˢˡ

Ҿ֪һüֱ֮ǰٿһۡ
ǱͻؼˣôڲŻ
ղʵϰӵ绰ʱˣȥ̼ҳԷҲڣ
԰𣿲֪ϲϲ̡
ʲôЦ˲ϲ𣿡

֮󣬰ԼԹϴȥ
٣ˢСʹ䣬Ͳȥ

һû裬

Լڱһ·ɿڣȻʱʵϰƮϡ

ͷһû˵Ӷûзģ´α˶֪һǱúý֪µԡ

Ҫѵ𣿵׷ʲôڴ
ʵеҪ̣뿴һʲôӦ
СѾʽ뵽ʵϰĸˣӷ˶ýء
᲻ޣȻ˵е㻵û⺢ӿ޹أ뿴뿴

ⷬĥ
ٷڱ࣬سˡ

صͯ
ůɫĵƹĪ͹ỳǵϣǿࡣ

Сʵʵ߹ȥ

֪Ҫ˵ʲôĪʡ

ͷ֮ǰڹ˼ʱ̶ԼʮӵĽ¸һ顣
ӣֱĹǶˡ
Сѹϵ̣ƨƨ߸ˡ


Ƿǳǳİȫʱ䡣
Сż

ӣ͵нӣģӻΪڿЦ
üأỳǺĪ붼˵ȥˣתһ룬ɲС⡣
СϵȶȲСֱͽĿٲ˵ҪѺӱؼȻֻһЦɹôȤѾǷһ
ҪǶˣĶȥ

Բ´ˣ֪ûУĪ

Сͱ˱⣬Ľëί˵֪

⻰һ˵ڣ˭ýѵ

ǲһ˳ţԺ󲻻ˡỳ͡
Ī˵¾͵ΪֹˣǰҪ˵Ļϡ

ͷ
һ̣Ī֣Լߡ

С˵ĻƲ۾ġ
Լˣ˯ϲ˲䡣

Ӱ԰̫ˣСӶŵˡ
ڲȽٺھˣĪöԡ
ǣܸоóĪΪõġڴǼ㹻ӣع¶ԺأܻеʱҪһˡ
¥ϵģع¶Ժ£Ҷ룡ʮʱأÿʱҿ֣

ĪҲӲĿ֮ᷢ¡
ʱסﺢӲ˲ʪʪ۽ǡ

СӿͰ͵ʣϻԺһ˯𣿡

ỳۺӣ붼û룺ԡ

Īһۡ
ʲô£

ãɡĪ԰˵

ֱĹֱһӣĵͥǡ
ԭϣСѶǸְһ˯ģ



ҹˣ磬ױ̨ǰ
õ˫ֽһƿһƿ۸߰ĻƷģĳžž֮󣬻Ҫó
һʱ£һʱͨ磬һʱ׼ĦϵľƶŹһ򾡡

ڴϿĹүϻôûõģҹʲôǿ

ܺԼϵӡ

϶ǻûĻƷ˵ʱ򲻸飬ơ
仰綼ˡ
ûͷѾܲµͷ˲õĻ䡣

ǵúúñˡ
ҪȻ»ټСѾͷҪٸӸʮꡣ

ټֻзֽ

ãүֿʼ߶ӺͶϱĻ
ʮǰǰ֣һǰ˵Ҫ飬ɻæģôôأ
̫Ϸˡ

˵˾ô

үӵۣʲô
ҡͷ̾Ůİ飬Զ⡣

˵꣬˱ѡ

ѾûԹˡ
һ̬ͣͱƽͣ˵ֹˮΪ

СѾͷܿɰĿɰûκۣСְĻŭš
Сô޶أ
ֻǽӺӻؼҶѣ˾һ֪⺢жϲ

ΪСѾͷѧóһ㣬Ҳһ¡

ĪǰֻĵӰѧȥμʲôգỳǡ
ỳҲǣ֣˹Ӿûӵӡ
ҵȥһˣĪúһġ

ꡣϴү



˯˸þ
ֻ˯ʱСڱ˸

ϣ˯ǰ˵óŹ
˯֮ͿܼˣǣңȻһԺˡ

ʱ۾Ư˯պʹԼСϵʱЦ

棬ϴʵϰųܵʱ˵˯߲ãӦúϢ
һ룬СӾ裬ȥʵϰһ緹ɡ

˴СܵԼȥ

ܰ
΢ĹͯСûˣỳڵ˯
ͯĳ΢΢ţչ

ֱʱʶ˯ڵ϶ôܼС˯أ
ˣٶһӶûиۡ
СŵϵСӣ׵ỳߡ

ỳ˯Ľë۵ס
оССĶʱΪԼΣ˯գһֺСűʲô

˯ѵĹỳͳɳƣãؿڣʲô

ҹỳǵĶꡣ
յô㣬ñס꣬ðġ

ڸҸǱ𣿡ỳǺȻʶ

СӵͷǲԾԴ
ůģ

壬˯ǲǺܲѽŴŴʡ

ỳ̾
ôʱˣԽԽԼˡ

ǰ˯ڰĴϲ̫СˣҵֶҪڵȥỳǿ˵
С¶ǵı飺ǿô찡
ỳǼεɳ˯Ҳɳ̫ˡ

¿˿
ĸ̫ˣɳϣ϶Ҫɳ

СӸӵˣûط˯˰

ỳӣһǸǼﻹûиĴ
ۡͷĴô󡣡

ỳ˼һͬȥ˯ġ

ȥɣ˵

𣿡
裬ͬҺ˯ˡ

ỳǲҪЦװǸа취ĺӣӦòͬɣ
һŬġ֤

Сϵģỳһ顣
Žĩúôźӳˣʵ顣



ĪҲû˯Ȼѡ

˯߲ã꼸޳޷˯
ҽ֮кת˯һš

ֱμ⵵սĿ

Ŀĵһ죬ĺƱһţ̣һѵ賿֮ǰ˯
չ˺Ӿһ˵£֮˯һһ磬żҲвѵʱ򣬵״̬Ѿöˡ

ٹ˼죬Сͷһ˯
С˯֣߱ӣľѣСǴ죬Ī˯ʱҪ硣
˵ԼǱ˯ġ

ԭĪ뻹˯һ
ǸоûСʱЩʱˡ

˷ţỳǶ԰˵Ļ

ǳ˵Ļǡ
̫ˡ

Ī

죬񱼹

裬æ깤ؼңһ¡

ų嵽ԼСԼڶͯźСжĹỳǣĪûסЦ



ĩʵϰĸͺǷɵʱ䣬Ŀûа񣬾ÿСǵĿγ̶ͣˡ
ֱʵϰĸҪǳţĿиġ

ỳԭΪĪͰһȹõĩû뵽Īйϲܻ

صһ¾籾˫ŮϷһλԱѾ籾Ĺҿһ£ͦ˼ġ
籾֮ҪϷһܳɡ

ĪʱյĵλԸ⿼˫ŮϷ֤籾ǳ⡣

ỳ˵ȥһ԰ɣڼ㡣

Īһۡ
Ѿûнӵʵľ籾ˣȻҲԼ
ȰϷģ֮ǰҲΪҵͣͲǰǣһõĻᣬȻҪȥԡ

ֻǣһЩ
ڣỳǵĻ

˾ʧܣһʧܣ޴ȥ
һҡ

ԣڼҵҵġĪЦ˵
ۣ֡

ỳǿرԼģͷЦһ¡


Ҳڼҵ



Īֱ֮Ĺǣûɢȥ
ΪʵϰճҲܺÿ

ûʲôȥĵطỳʡ
СԴȥ˳

С룬δ̫ʵ޻

Ϊʲô

˸Եɳ˵ؼңһϲ

Ű˷ܵӣỳʵûˮ
ɵӣ費ǰɳǳԲ˱ġ
֡

ãǾȥ˳׼һϲԵĲˡỳЦЦ;ͳ

ûмʵϰһ˴С֪вУ
һǺУҾ˵һ֮շ̵ģԺ̾ͲֻСβˡ
ôͥůаģڰְĹذ¶ȹʱ䣬ĺð

ڹֱ۵ݱʱò׵˻Ůڼķյܵ΢š

ֻͷ˼

ŮѲ˵˵Ǹϰ壿ĩģҲϢ
ͷ군ˣ⣬ҽˡ

ŮƣԼҵû꣬ڼϰվȽŸһֱ㵽󾫣Ŀõġ

ʲôѵõ㰡

΢ҳݵǰ

ܣʲô취úӿںְ֣

Сˣ⻹𣿡



һߣȥ˳·ϵĹỳյظ˼
еͨ

壬ǽȥɡ˵

ӰʦʵϰŮ߸ġ
ֱǿʼ顣

ջؿ䰲ְֵĻ簲
ٰİűȴķͻǺܽġ
𣿸ʲôӣƽʱĪ붼ѰСģ
أҰСҰͷ㱦ְִСˡ
˵Īȥæˣܻⷢͣøϻɡ

ҪҪǹԱ¸һ·ͣӰʦεضԹỳ˵

ỳãȻΪʲô
⡪Ӱʦͷ

ỳǴʰϲ·𣿡

ϲѽ죡˷ܵС

Ӱʦķͣҧҧ´ѵСɡ

˲˳ֱ·
˹ỳҪʲôóԵ֮һĴ۾ʼ̽յһѰ

ϻأŽĿĶʮǮȥֱǮôõģ˼ն٣һȫˡ
˹ỳصȥлٿǮֽðţ׼ʶֽ

СǮ˲߲̯һٿǮǰݣС̣Ҫһܲ

̯ΪѵһٿǮһִĺܲ
֮СӾɵˡ
ΪʲôҹǮԽԽˣ

ʹֻˣҲעضСĽһʵϰãڵĺӻΪǮǳֻģԽǮȫûи
СҲǣȥҸһɵģĺֽǸʲôõġ

ղһٿǮһٿǮ൱ڡỳǿʼ̺ӣһٸһǮ


𣿡
һϯһϯ
Ǵ˵еķϻѧѧ˹

ỳǼѵؽ̣ѵѧ
СϡͿһԪʮԪʮԪԪӲҡ

ϡʵϰĸ⵵Ŀȷʵ𣬲˳̯ûµʱҲֻһֱ䣬԰͹ỳǺܻӭġ

ĴһϳˣϲǰɣǸʵϰ塪
ỳ΢Цϣûʵϰְ֡

Դ

һ̯λԾ˵
ỳǼԼݡʵϰְ֡

أСеԻʧˣӦ˵
ỳǵֻһ¡

СӺְҽôԼΪϴԴ󷨣رá

ϴԴ󷨣
ỳ
СôɰȻҪ·

ỳǵͷظˡ



ȥһЩ⣡
ţɣţⲻ֡
ͿԳԺöö

һһС˳ض顣
ỳŸ̵ֺϴֱֱĹǿһ

ӼҺˣĴָ
ͻȻ밲ְ֣ʵϰ嵱ô죬ҶΪĪϹίˡ
ܾǹܣôϴһ˧ҾãϴװĲǲ˺⣬Ǯǽӣ
¥ϵĽòҪôţ˾̫ˡ
ȷʵǲǵ˧һʱ֪ǸĽܣǸĽӰ󡣡
ҺǲһĽ

ỳǷǳϴԴ󷨡
һֱΪ·СӶе

ɣӿľͺá
ˡ

ỳˣĵһʵϰ塣
ϴûǣСӹԼĸ첲ҵķߡ

Цʵϰ̫ˣֱСѾȥġ
ҳĶģܻǵĺӲԼ߷Χڻᱻܡ
֪ܺܳ΢ӸһˣĻԼҲŶ
ڸߴʵϰߣĺһɰСҼ

СҼ̫ˣֻСֹŹỳǵĸ첲˶ҪƵġ
֪ԹСƴĴȣ۵úꡣ

ڰ׷ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬оСûôˡ
գգۣϰһЩԼ·

Сỳǡ
Сӵ˼ϸУܲԼܺá

ôõ壬ͺɣ

ߣǲʱ䡣ỳ
ѽְ֡Դ

ỳˣʲô

ظСֱ¶Ц

ʵϰΪʵϰְ֣
ְֹˣ
ƤС飬ôڶְ֣
죬ɵˣȫûӦ
оڶСŮϸ׵Ĺ

ỳǣ
žз̻
תˣתˣϽĪֱ



һߣĪվԾſڡ
õ籾ûãͱҪԾ

֪ݶǹңرϲһһ

ͬʱģ

Ůͷܴǳʽ緢
ĿԵһ̣˴˶Ȼƿߡ

룡쿴ˣղźˡ
׷˹ֻûǰĿҲͣϣһ¡

ĪתͷһֻĻסˡ

ΪʲôҪôĳ裿
Ϊʲô۽ǶˣȻЦһܣ

ỳǵ׻᲻ӣ
ˡ




24.  24   ˹Ӳš

Īҳİ, þòƽ

ŴŴһӣ˸裬ԭԲ۱, ۽ǶҪȥˡ
ɫƤҲ֪Ǵ, ûۣͰĵЦһԱ, ֱǡá
˵ǣӻܡ

ѵᷴ𣿡Īû
ûһֿܣǰĺϲ̽ʡ

ʻ, һ, ĪҲãˡ
ٴμѵؿƵ, һ仰˵
ǰ⺢ӵ, һô

˶ͺ⣬ϼٻʲô·ءĪ벻õ
ŴЦ, һ۷, Ī뿴

ͻȻҰָüĹͷ

ĪüģǧҪùỳǿۡ

ҪǿĻ, ƻȥ, ԾԾԡ
еСᷴ, ɰǿ϶ᷴġ
˵浽ǸʱСӱȹỳǻҪ˷ܡ

ˣΪʲôϵѣĪʡ

Ƶ򿪣Ī뿴
ƵƬֱֻ, ̽Դְ֣֮ͲٳƾỳôҪһΣΪֻǵƤСЦ
Ƕ˵⺢ӱӰһúܺã

ǶΪģ˵ֻбְֳ谮СŻ޼ɵضְ֡

Ī룺
ְˣ
ֻǳŰѣСӾͱշˡ

ỳʵ̫ˣ

˼ĪС㡢С㣬صͻȻЩ£û취ϷˡԾ

һƯüš붼û˵ôҲкܶҪôʱ˸أ
ľɵˣϽסˣҵĴС㣬ҵСڣЩ治˵ġ

ƲԴȥµСϻɫ첻µزµӣʲôصͲ棬Ųţ

һΣӣصݱҪģҰѶλʱ

̯֣㿴
˵꣬Ÿ߸ЬһתͷҲصˡ

ľ˸æԵ˵Сޣղ˵Ļ͵ûʵ̫˼ˣƢ
СæͷģҲǶˡ

ȵǵıӰʧ߷ΧСһٴתͷĪʱһͷ
ΪʲôصҪȦദ˽Լ
ʵûͨ

С亹ֱðĪС㣬ǵ
´ʲôʱ Īʡ



´Ծ֮ǰ֪ͨҡĪ뿴һֱȻȥˡ

ĪתıӰС޵Բ۾
ԭӰܺ˵ѹû֮ǰ顣
ֻôӰҪؼƵģ

ʲôҪҪ

ҲʶˣĪҪؼҡ
ʮˣĪ˽ⲻ

ʱĪ븸ĸ죬һ˸ĸ
ǸһŮ˶ԴźӼάƣǲࡣ
ĪĸΡŽ⡱ԼѹеıԹйŮϣظĪ룬Լıȫ

ʵҲˣĪճһ֪ݵĵӰʱɫϷݲأֳʣһڶ졣
ĪĸԲ⣬ŮҪǳߣֻŮͷأԼһļֵá

ȥĸͬסʱĪٻؼҡ
Ӳųסھ飬ʱϢ죬ͬԱܣԸشھƵ귿䡣

˾˺;۰ֻżϵⲢĥƽԭͥ˺

Ī͹ỳǵĸ飬Ҳ
ʱǷַֺϺϣΪձȻߵһ𣬿˭֪ǰǳ׷ֿˡ
ʱĶϸĪҲ׼ݼһ꣬ؼչ˺ӣ˾ֻżͨͨ绰ѡ

Ӳμ߿֮ĪԼ
һμ棬סˡ

Īǳ׵ױ˸ˡ

ҪȰȰĪ룬ʱѾ˱ķ˾عԢ

롪

ؼҡĪ۵׺Ц⡣

ǰûмңڣмҿɻصġ

ˣ㡣鷳һֱ֮͵Ԣ

㿴Ī⣬Щ졣
Ѿû۵¶һĹâ

Ծ֮䣬м
ҪΪӣĪ



ϵƬΣֵϸϸߵġ

㿴аְˣ˵
ŮѽĲɵؿһۣһ㶣ϰȻǰʵϰ壿

źͷһġ
ˣѰľۻл࿴ۣȻ֪ҵûڴ˾վȽŸ˸һûãѹûʱú˽˴ˣ﹤

жŮȣиϾʱ䡣
°ûµʱڼˢա

ʱýͷǡʵϰĸĿ
Ӱһҵֱ䣬ǣŴҵġ
ζû뵽ԼѾȻǡʵϰ塱

Ѿʵϰˣǰְ֡˵

ƮƮȻΪҵϴԴ󷨣źСаְ֪֡ĿҾ׵İ취ˡ
˵Ҫϰ⣬֪ϰĺӺְ֣ΪֻʲôеĹѪû뵽ĵӾȻֱ䣬ˣ

һӾͼקŷʳʶ̡

ǹ˾ᣬĪ𣿡
ǲǻС˵дţϰ
ϰǲǺܳţûоȥЩʯ鱦ʲô͸Ű

Ϊѵʵ̫̫ôġ

˵Լ͸¶̫ˣϾϰ˽
˭֪۾ˡ

ÿðŶòӰx˧򹷣̫ÿˣȥС̽һûдͣ

żŮѣͷ
ùܲϲݵġ



ỳ˶Ʈˡ

ؼҵ·ϣθյϣٺһְ֡
˭֪Сǲͬ⣬Цģýġ

벻ס
ղͦĸԸģô˵ͱˣ

ỳû·ϡ
˵һΣеڶΣһʱ䣬ܺͰദţһʱ

СӺɵףʵ̫Цˡ
ۣܺ˵˵СӺְ֣˼Ҳˣ۾ЦҸоԴ԰ףһĸ֡
һǵðһκʱʵ̫ˡһֱš衱衱رϧӡǻֱ䶼޵һƬ
Ϊְ̺Ҳôɿأû뵽ܲ

ȻôȤĵ׻ϣһĻ̫ɿ顣
ڽĿ˵ɿƬȷʵͷ˭ĿСأ

ỳǴŰؼҡ

簲ʲôʡ
СԴԳߦ𣿡

ߦ棿

ڹ¶ԺʱʳðϲСߦˡ
ߦнģˡ

𣿡ڴʡ

ߦǹỳǵ֪ʶä
ǿڴѧ

ְֻᣡ

ỳҳϵĽ̳̣
ӸڱϰæСִţҿһ𣿡

ỳǸ˸ţⲻƤ࣬棬֮ҪԵȥ

ϴС֣һؽӹţѧְֵ
׵ģ˷ʳ

ߦĲǳỳǵһγԣæҡ
ڵһڵߦ滹ǳˡ

һ桢һСˡһɰϴлɫζȫ
ỳ£ԼĿӺͰĶͯ꣬Ůʼ緹

СӳԷʡģ̶̵ָͯѵСרĳ档
һڼ𣬰Сﶼ˹֮Сģ

ǲó𣿡
ûʳðĺóԡ
ʳðó𣿡
ûĺóԡ

ỳǣ

оϸ׵ҧгݡ
ֹܣĪһˣǳԵýζģô˰ְҪͻȻء
Ҫǹܰǰθˣû취Сֻܳˡ

ỳʳðʧ
С֪Ǻġ

ǣС˵ллְ֡

ỳǣ
࣡

ȻǰеζСӳųţҲԳζˡ
ǳԵԼߦǼ̶̵ִֶʱģСϾ㡣

źӻڳԷỳֻһۡ
з΢ţ֪ãĵҲˣ˵һЩûõĻ繧ϲʵϰΪʵϰְ֮ġ

ỳǿһֹۣرգأ΢һһûֵ֡
ȥһһεϢͣڶԷͨѵҳ档

ǲ
˭֪һỳˡ

Ī룺ϰѰĳ

ƽƽһ仰óɱ
ңһСʱ֮ǰġ
Ȼڲſ

ỳתͷɻŰͺÿ𣿡
ÿǳصͷ룬Сָָ۽ǺͷƤеʹˡ

ỳǸϽСӣ軹ûϽ

ɿؽ⿪Ƥʵϵ̫ˣ̫żĻŪ۰
òףƤڽ⿪ˡ

·һɲǣ߸ߵƤˣͣλá
ִԲۣҲˡ

СͻȻã

ղǱʲôϷ𣿡
һϣҾȻϰˣǰ۾ԲƯ
ģίˡ
һ£ƤѾժˣΪʲô軹ţ

Ϊʲô軹ţ
ỳҲڿ⡣

ӵͷ̫ˣôʱ䣬Ѿ͡
ỳһѹһ̣ͷּ졣

ȥϴͷỳǵϣŰСȥ䡣
Ȼʱ뷿

Īţͷ˿ǿСӡ

ҵѽӰɱˡ
ְִ̱Ĳ̣ѵ
裬ȻȥˣҲԼͷ

˽Ī뻳


Ǹỳ˵Ҫȥϴͷء
ỳǣأĪʣôܰСӴ

ỳֱˡ
ڵаСɽڣȥ

ҪԹ԰Ҳǲܵġ
ǹỳֱ׳ҵû⣬ҵϱ֪ˡ

Ī룺

⧲ֳԵһڹ
ѧˣϱʱҪӲӲžˡ

֮Ī뵽ûΪôһСº͹ỳǾȥ
Űȥ䣬ӰԴϴġ
ͷ֮Ű˳ķ˿룬治ӵĻѵ

ʱԴİһֻСè軳
ղŰְֱˡ
СӾеΪҲóƯۡ

ɵأϿŰְڵ˯ӣС˵裬Ͽðְֻط˯𣿡

⣬龭ĹỳǽŲһ١
ĪĴ𸴡

á

ỳǵĵ˲ַ̻
֪Ī벻ľܾ
û취˭Сʧأ



һ뵽Ҫط˯ˣĴỳǵðݡ

С˯֮󣬼ܰ
ڷϢְűʼǱڹ
ԹԵرŰűشǰ¥µķ羰

ỳǺϵ߹㺢һ档

ӰĽУ֪űһ֣д䡣

Լ𣿡ỳǾȵ
ѽ𣿡ʡ
һޣдţ

˵ֱǣȥ߳ߡ
šţʱСϲı飬աȥĪܡ

ͷûмëżĪȻʶỳǾȻСа취
˻һȥˡ



Դӱ֮ͣˣѵĩûٱŮϰ裬ǱźƮϣӰְִ绰

ӳӵ绰ʱ᣺ô
Ц˵ûпֱ𣿡

ӳҡҡͷ͹˾ǳæÿ첻ǹǹתţϢʱ䶼ûС

ҪúϢŶ˵ܿˣʱԻ𣿡
ãҪʲôӳʡ

СһＤѣְĻ𣿡

û뵽İְҲͦ˧ġ
Ƶıڰ칫ңֱͷûԽ̫ģˡ
֪ΪʲôְֺܾͺӲ̫Ϥе䵭ڰİְ־ͲһˣŷӶ档
װְֻڵʵϰְء

ƵͨУһûһŻ⡣
ֻÿһⶼúܿ졣

æ𣿡ʡ
ˣ´ٸ绰ӳ˵

һ£ͷ

ôҶˣ̫Į˰ɡܸоǵĸе⡣
ûŰǲˣ
ǵĶԻְֺأġһ˵һȻڽĿзˣҲûô⣬ֹֻС׻ζһѡΪһĸףźӣͦ׵ġ
ڿеʧ䣬Ҿʧ䲻ݵġѹһһԳҪ֡

ôоȻŵ̧ͷ
Իعû£룬ȰְֻԴȥ档

ͷҡͷֻ棬ҲԵġ

繴˹ıǼ⣬Цһ

һߣͥҲ㺢ӹĩ
˼֪ڼеľ֮󣬶⺢ۣټܺĸͨ绰ƬѣĿϣܰմźϷķʽ
ӶϷǣⲢʾǻھͷ֮ǰŪ٣УǱֳֻʵԼ
ˣ˼ؾֻǰԼƽʱϰûĿҪȶȵ顣
ֻû뵽Խǵֱ䣬Խˡ

ÿǵĴ֮·ŷңǶҪһЦϣڽĿõĻ䡣

ߺͽգͥҲҵͺӵദģʽ

ԸգͲԸϴֺպ̺֮ʼѽĿԼļڣŴ˺ĵĿʱҲܺúÿǺͺӸ׵Ļ⡣
û뵽պ̵̺̬ȴˡ
죬պ̺̿ڻ˹Լܲһϡ
ȥһŵɫ̣Ⱦϰ·һʱֱڰTͿѻ
ӱʲôû˵ǿóߵķûôˡ

ǱߣúʵϰְֵǸ
ѻױƷĲԣ֪͸ģ¸ҵسϴ
ΪطŸúðڰף˭֪Ȼתˡ
ط㷴ʡԼҲúӴ裬װѼڽĿﳪ衣
Լͯ꣬ĸҲѼӲͷһԱȣΪʵϰְֵط㣬Ҳûô

ÿһͥʵϰְֺʵϰ趼ѧźúúͺǹͨദ
ͬʱֱͬΪǡ򡰸ĸǡĹڣҲһСУѧվڼ˵һ棬ͬܵԷ

ԭͥĺ㣬ȷ˵һܴӰ죬Ǵ󲿷ּͥĸĸͨˣƽĶۣʱòõģҲԲġ
ҾԹְСʱæڹûʱҡǰͰһ𿴽ĿʱͻȻóְǰҳȥƬԭǳմȥܶطֻԶҶˡ
ĿļαǣȷʵڳõļҳҲΪоͷšûоͷ˭ܱ֤ÿһϲʵϰĸзʱأ
Ī룬ҲǴһʼ԰ĿܣתΪϸĵİ



ỳڳĪûв롣

ڰ֮ǰǼģԣҲֻһʳɳѡ
죬Щƹ
ỳ̫ˣһһСǰԵýζǿˣѼֲӡ

ȻˣԵǳ֮ٳȥ

ĪỳǺͰһڳæСӻЦ
һʱ֮䣬Щʧ䡣
⺢ӶԹỳǵ̬תҪСβ

Ī̾һоôСܶصСȹϡ
Ȼʱ⴫Ŵ

裡Է

ĪŴ򿪣˵ԼͱС˳ȥ

߱ؽܣǻصΪ׼Ļأ

Ī뱻ǰ
¯Ϸһ׷ˣ๾ࡱڡ

ǾףͰܳԡ

ỳſ߹źƬɽҩʳƬţ⡢ϺͶǵʣֵġ

Īһ£̧ͷ
һΪԼ׼ġ

ܲȥǼҳԻ
̫ůˣ˵ҪɳǰְһֿζֻǳЩɾʳģĲֵġ
أܺİ
ôమĪеСǣ˵ԼǳԻʵöǰˡ

С֮ԼСյڵĹǰš
һ˵ϣ۾㣡ѽ

Ī뱻СӶЦˣӣֻһ㡣

ͣƬֿ̣ỳǡ
Ͼ׼ôˣҲ࣬ٶδ̫ˡ

Ī벻ȻתͷȥỳǣҲ԰ɡ

һ˵꣬һ˱ǵ

ỳС£һƬţ֮պպתͷЦеضĪ˵û齴Ļûġ

Ī룺
Ȼ̫ܶˡ

ЦҿӰ̿ˮˡ
ܵص齴ж㣿һûӰ̵ôء
ƱҼʵʱڱպ齴ҴҪΡһ£ﰲ豩򰲰ְ֡

ûгԹúʣְֵĻסƬС

һ롢롢롭

Сʮʱ򣬰ƬеߣҪءһڳԽȥȻŵ

С̣
С̣

Űְ赣ĵı飬ԴƬ

ȵ˺þúþãСӲСؼƬ
һƬڴݼ仯
̫ó

Сı飬ỳǲЦˡ
ǡʱĪ̧ĿײЦ۵ס

뵣΢΢Ȼ
ģһڵ



ϰ˵ʮֱ֣Ĺδ

Ϊֱ֮ǰļӣĿŷһ񿨡
գĿ֯αǴӳȥ棬ԸʽԸȥͿ糿ŵ¥ϡ

Ȼμӵģ¸ߣĪ͹ỳǶûоܾ

αǲ֪ȥ棬Ҳ֪ͬ
Ⲣڴ

ӰһһţֻС潡ģȤɣ

žડһֱ׼ʱرա

ỳǿĪ룺˵ҽ˯ģ㻰𣿡
һ˵꣬Ŀ⻹˼ɨһ°·˵źӵ棬ܲ󷴻ڡ

͵ҺͰ˵Īü

ỳǣ
ȡС˵͵ǲԵģְֲ͵Ǿʱˡ

İûκλɣỳʣ裬㻰𣿡
Ȼ㻰 Īƽ

ǿֵϴϴˢˢʱ䡣
ϴ裬С˯»Сɿɰò񻰡
С󣬾ͻĪȥϴֵỳǡ

С󣬹ỳǵףԹסֻһķϴ趼Ҫźʱ䣬ֻȥ
ͬģҲûԹĳҸС

һԼСңôõ顣

ˡ

˼

ỳǴСȥţ߻˵ôˣְֲڼңǲҪš
ְֻ᲻ڼ𣿡ʡ

ỳһţġ
Ҳᱻߡ

Ŵˣ̧ľӵվſڡ
ỳһ£ǣ

شһк˰̧
˼ҰӴ򿪡

ỳǶپ

Ĺ˰Ѽ״ˡ



Īһ˿
ǳɫĳ˯Ŧ۱ϵϣ۵ʵʵ˯Ҳǳģ׶¶
Լûȫ͸ĳģ𣿡

ڰ̴ְ

Сӡꡱſҽļ״ϣְִ̡

ĪصͷңһŴ󴲣ӺܺҲˣڲ˰ɣ
ỳǱҭסĵ³֣ˡ

£԰˵Լ˯òã
̱ӣ̧СԴųһoͣ

ĪͬؿɵСӡ
˹Ӳš




25.  25   ǰӵı

ͲԼ, ɵؿŰְ֡

Сһ򣬹ỳĶþֻŴ, ˵˵ӳ, ܺͰְһ˯ҪԼѧ
Īı飿

ỳǽѾܸƽĴ, ģٿơ

СΪԼ⣺ûкͰְ˯ֻ˯

Ī뿴Ű̾һ۰ְڵϵǰ, ְֽ˯ǰ, ̴ְǰ, ϻԼģǰ

Сѵ۾ԲԲ, ·ܵһ㱩ŵؿʵϰְ֡

ỳǻ, ߵĪ, 㲻Ҫ䣡
, ǹӲŰĪƵ

С˼, ֪ʲôǹӲš
ְָĻ汾һ, СҪӣСǸһţԼƨƨ߹ȥһգôҹһ档

һʱ֮䣬ùС

ĪԼĴͷ, ˯

СģСȣѾһϴı
ڱϴӵ۵ʵϰְ֣ŲҪء

ỳǽԭأԹصĪһۡ
һۣһ¡
۵ǶЦ⣬һһ㲻ʾôϸ˿ĮȻ

ǻصʱܰ취ϷŪʱ
ǻͨ

ϣҪСӻߣǲܵˡ
ỳСû취ֻʵʵɽԼı
״ǿ۵ģװ̯֮󲢲СټļףĴǰǺ̫ˡ

˵ѧ֪㡣

Īѵƹϡ
ֻܰ˵ĺ
ΪĺѾ˯ʱŴŴ

裬˵ϻȥѽ

һ̣ỳǺĪ붼ԼӦ뵽ĿĻС
ԭȻûһ߶ĵǺڴġ

ǺߣĪЦ˵
ߡʲôѽ
бĺˮ˻˴ڽϣСڸŵ»ɳӣǿСɳӣֶѳ߸ߵ͵͵ĳǱ

СҹУһжģġ
Ψ¹۾һˡ

Сú棬ֻСַ·Ѿܵɳж

пȥֲ԰ĪЦһֲ԰кܶܶʻ
һɣϲԴؼ𣿡
Եġժ˻䣬ǻۣҴؼ֮ܿͻήժ𣿡Ī˵

СԴҡɲ˹ģϣһֱţǵİְֿ

Ī֣ຢӵ

֮ĸŮ˵˺öö໰
ܻȥĵطɵԾԾԣͲ

ʱĹỳǣҲǵ
ƮϣʱʱкӵСУ·Ķů

̲ס뻰⣺ȥֳ
ֳȥһΣȥ

Ȼһ̣ỳǻõĻ䡣
ֳתȱת̣ȱתͣ

ûʲô˼

Īط˹ỳһۡ

˯ɡ

أӿʼ˯⡣
ĪǣŰС֣۾

ΪͻȻһˣԼ᲻ϰߡ
û뵽ȵĺҲԾ硣



ڶһ磬ҡ
ֱʼ֮ǰỳʰٰ̣Ѽ״ą̃۵λá
ȻֱͷĵĻ棬ܹھӴŵʱһ˴Ҫ鷳

ʵϰְʱŵģССǱˡ
۾һСһӾ⡣



˸ܿͱʵϰְֱ´
һ˸С˶Ī۾
Ժ֮ʱỳǱŰЦ𴲣һҪˡ

һˡ

ֱʼˡ
ЩƯС·ģȥ棬СӴȹӲ㣬Ī׼ǰºͿɫ̿㣬ԲСӱ棬ĺÿɰ
ɫСС̿㣬ֿɰһʱˡ
Ī뻹ȵСС߸һڲǸˣؿģ

ţݻ·ĪʱҲϺͰͬɫϵһ硣
ĸŮװİ
̫ÿˣȻ򵥣һʱֵĸоȻ˴··ˡ
ֵĸŮ

緹Űְ֣ҪϽš
ǡʱĿĵӰʦҲˣĪðСЬ

߰ɡ

ȥˮװˮǵһ¡ỳ˵

ְֺģû˸̵ˮװˮ
װˮôôòỹˮɡ
Щˮб¹ܣְ˹̵ˮ̵ģ
ĻĸǶģ

ڴˮʱỳǳˡ

Ī룺


ǵôʱ䣬ǵȹܻ·ȥˣ
ɫ£ɫ㣬ôڵһʱҳװģ
ܺӰʶúãվһ𣬼ֱ̫ˣ
ò˵һ˵ֵʵǸߣô塣

Īֹ޻˵
ҡҡͷٿһһƨNɪʵϰְֹ֣ţǶ̫ˡ
˼ҵűװˣ

һ¥α
ѾڱķȣĸŮ˵Ц
˼رͰΣһ˿϶ҲȱϯԭǻܲԸʵСкЩʵϰĸˣߣɵòУż˵ʱҲ֮ǰƧˡ

һݳȽæĿˡ̵̺İְֵԼźھͷǰ̫û˵

һҵֱȶȲߣǶ⣬ֻżм˿ڵĻʾźܿͱˢˡ

պط¥ģСץֿ񱼣һż
֮ǰطѾΪϹˣǵĳȻıɲģҲڡ

ԲˡطҵǸ
ĪڵûٵĿ֪ͨʱǾŵ㡣

⻰䣬طԲ۾

һμӽĿһοĪ˵ôƽ׽ˡ

ᰡ

طúЦĪС˿żһ
Ǳˣ
쿴գĪ룬Ҳһɵģʲôأ

ȷʵɵɵضĪ룬ٽĿڹỳϣŷ۵Сӣ˼
װ
ôû뵽أ

Ȼ˶ѾˣǾϳɡԱ˵

㣬Ҫȥѽʡ
ԱóķݵͼÿһͥҪȥҰ԰

⻰£Ƕ
򿪵ͼͰһ𿴣СӲϵ֣һӾϳͼϻЩС

ǻῴʨӡϻ¹СܡϬţš
ۣ۾һС֣ûܣ


С𣿡ߣһ𿴵ͼ
ͷ֪
Сأʡ

СѹȻûȥ԰
԰ϻʨӲܷСӵģǰֵֹֻĶ
ãȻЦˣڹ룬ҵСú֣ȥ԰󣿡
ǰôһûдⵣ

һ˵˵ЦЦ˶԰ſڡ
һ³˼ؾкվڡҰ԰߸ֱա
ֱĹЦˣ˵ԼСʱ򱻸ĸ԰԰ſʱӣóһۣϾˣӶٻЩɵġ

Ҳһţ֣

ǰܸգվϡ
״һۣ˺Լȥˡ
һСվڴſŶӣȴ㡰һΡƬ

ԭǻᴫȾġ
Сʵ̫ЦˣƲɵȴ
СʱҰ軹·أϣ˼ܰ᳹ףȥһЩߡ
뿴ǰСܺС磡

Ī͹ỳǲֱ֪Ĺڹעʲô
ֻ֪ԼĿ⣬һֱͣڰϵġ
Сڶ棬СŽƵȴֵԼʱڼǰվñֱգ۾µġ

ɵأǶǣЦ⡣
վһʱģ̫ǶԣӰʦ̲סͷǣ˺óʱ䡣
һСģֱĹĻǰĵ໽С



˶԰ϲʶ԰СݣеССѼСèС

裬ǳ¹

Դָ̧ų¹ԼĲҲóġ
Աרι¹ҶǼؽӹСӣżⶼš

ỳǰѰСӰҶ¹

űȰְֶҪߴĳ¹е㺦£Сصݹȥ
¹ͷҶȥԵýζ

һ죬ĵˣֻҶԹ֮ʣµľֻ֦ˣСᡣ
ôӲ֦᲻˳¹ĺѽ

ǵ¸ߵúܣÿһݶô
ʱϲԭôôƯ
ѽ軹Ư

ʧЦ

ԴСĪ
ãûôƯ

۵Ļһ磬ƽֱǵüġ

ӾǺӰôȵ죬ڿյŶԸ⶯ЩСǶڶ԰ܣȻһ㶼ۡ
ĽЩǣôǵˣ
Ҳǰһ룬;ԼǰҲҸ

ְ֣ǱͻȻָָԶ

Ұ԰й۹ĶǱɢڿտĴԭ

ȥ𣿡ʡ
ܵͷȥ

ѵÿҪֱĹǶȽ˼ؿڣѾˢһƬĻ

ȥȥɣ
Сȥ
ǵСǼʶһ¹Ĳԭ

ǱϹ۹⳵
ͳŽգڿߵλãСųŴһС
һ·ϣ򡢴ϻԱ
ڣͷԷܵģҲڲݵϷġ

һĻǶ޷ŲԼߡ

ǵҲȥ԰𣿡ỳĪߣߣ˵

ȵϢڶϣĪһ㶣תʱǡӡ

ỳЦһ£Թ˵ʱУһӰӰûӳѾ߶ţȥ԰᲻ᱻҪǩ

ͳܽ˴ǾԶʮǰ

ǻĪ룬ոճԶûȡ
Сȥ԰·ϾͿʼ룬żҪͶԷջǸǩǣûǩأǩ۵ּ᲻ᱻЦ
Ȼǣûϳֻ·˼СƯ࿴˼۶ѡ

ɬԼĪ۵ȾЦ⣬б˹ỳһۣ㻹Цңʱ㻹Ưĸֱʣ˵ó˿ǩʱ档

ֱʻڡỳīˮˣǸֱʻûж

ĪһӦĿ⡣

裡㿴ʨӣ̺ǵĶԻۣŴͣ
ĪѸٽƿת²¡
£Ӽ˵ڸ˭͸󡣡

СŴͣСӣ׵طųĴʨӡ

ţҲ׷װŴﰲæ
һСŴ󣬷ŭǰƣԼҪԼһ
͵ʨǶãأ£ͣתˡ

ûˣˡ˵
̫ʨӶǣŰĸ첲
ǲǰ֮ͦСظ

صͷһɽԺȻ

ЩǶԼʲô⡣
ЦҪЦǣǺġ
Сʵǲ¾ˣСܶȷԼʨӣ
ǳţ»doge
ǳţʨdoge



ڶ԰һ죬һ̶ЪϢ
ŽĿ׼ķʱһ˫˫۾ԾĴѰҶǵӰ

緹󣬽ĿúȺ۾ʵϰĸ˯һ
ѹûԸһҴܣɵİܶʡˡ
ʵϰĸ˵ȥ
ϾĿܹʮ¼ƣ麢ӳĻᣬжأ

ֱȶԽԽߣĿ鶼ףֻǴźȥ԰ѣôܿô

ʵϣǵȷʵǲ²͸ġ
ҷ·ŷŴ󾵹۲죬еרעڿǣеĿĽպطԱжʺϱ˴Լ˼صദģʽеİѹỳǺĪһһ
һֹڣ۵׵į

ԣĽĿУ粻ٸԼȡͷˡ
һأúܵ͵ͺʱҲֵרһֻǷֻĽŲ顣

᲻ڵűһУ
˵֮ǰһʱͿˣϾСһ˹עĽĿҲ׼ԼĶλ뿪ˣȻ˳˺ܶࡣ
һúӣܹһ㣬һԸǵġ
ۺӾͺã÷ۺˡ

㣬ˡ
һСӾͻȻͬʱյһ㣬ƤǻụഫȾƵģֱǷ

ټһ¡طָŶ԰ĶߴţͣܽģǺܿ͵ˡ
˵ãһ˵߲ˡ
ͣĵط̫ԶˣҪʲôʱܵѽ

ְֱɡỳǶ԰˵

գգ۾ŶԼǰİְ֣Сʣ𣿡

ỳ֪Ϸ
Сڰְֵļϣٵø߸ߵģȳ¹Ҫߡ
ʱҲܺ͹ͤϷִʱͺܹŰ壬ʱسСӼҼҵģôڴ˵ĲϣûûС

Ȼ԰ỳЦˣ̧ͷʾĪѺӱ

̶̵ĸ첲̯һ˻ӣС
ĪʧЦС⾫ͷɺˣֱƵġ

豧ţڰְֵļϡ
ĪСˤˣڱϽţվȡ

ֻǺԼ͹ỳˡ
һʮСѶѣܿס

ۣø߰˫ιŰְֵĶ䣬˸ԭ¹Ŀ£

ỳǡȡһҪòã
Ϊʲôѽɻ
ĪЦ⣺һ㲻˧

Ȼ򣬰Լֺ˫°͵ڰְֵͷֻСִǰ
ˣҰְҲú˧

һĻСѶĽˡ
۲òˡ

طˣתĿ⣬ĵĬҡ
Ҷ˴·ĺ۰
ĽźҪĥˮˡ

裬Ҳ񰲰ְйô𣿡
˵ûС

طĶ䶯˶
Ȼܵļ⿴ǱԼҪʵ٣ǣΪһѡżҲġ
ڳԼУǺܶ

طضǰԼļһ㣺ɡ
Үһģֱʵϰְֵļϡ

ء
طǺڽ˼ͽյĲ£ΡΡվҪװһ㶼ӣʹ̸Ц

ֲ׵ġ
ղֱӣתͷ

СҲɣڽְּϡһ̣˼Ҳ˵
ˣְֻ˰ڣҡͷõģ̫ˡ
ôݣˣ˼ЦԼļ򣬡СҲ꣬Ҫô¡СѶڰְּϰɡ

£ȴź
ʱ䣬ദûǢ죬Ѿ顣
˼ţֻҪԼ㹻ģǲܾԼġ

Ȼû뵽Լ׼ż򸺵ʱֻ֣ļ
ϴǽְ֡Ұɡ

ЦˣһѺӵıȵſڽ˼ϡ

ӦҲϲܵĸоɣó⺢ڼ϶ġ
ڼҵʱ򣬲ᱻְ豳пܡñŵܵá

ֱĹ˵ˡ
ڼʱΪĺӣҪչ˵ܵǵġ
ҲΪʱ˿̣طڽְֵıϣİޱϧ

ˣҲûôˣϲ

ҲۣԲԣ罫

ֻСȦ裬°ļϣСѵİְǡ
Դգ۾Щʧ䡣
ܿ죬˯ˡ

ְ֣һ㡢һ㣡ôߡô죡һֻС̧ߣָǰ治Զİְ֣һ־

ط̧ȣͼϹỳǵĲ
ֻ˺öಽ֮Լ׷϶Է
˵ǣ˼ҿĲһɵӡ

̫ˡ
Ǿɣء

㣬ط˼ĪϹСأû߼Ϳʼǹֶ˵ġ
ʵǶˣ½Ųװʶӣʼֲ嶵

ǰĹỳǣ߹ߺű
԰𣿡
ۣ
¸ĩٴȥ棬ȥ
ȥɳ̲𣿡

СҡΣԽ˵Խ𾢡
ϣĪ뵣ĺȣСƨɣ˵ŵ㡣

û¡ỳǵЦһһֻǣǣĪ֡

ֽ߬סʱĪ΢΢һ
һ̣Ȼɿ

ҸһˡҪȥĪ͹ܵcpۺԮῴһ϶ٳǡ
ղſˮʱĪ뵣ı絽ڹܺ棬̫Сˣֻмӵʱ䣬Ҳ֪ûУ¿һ飡
һֹôûС˵ҪȥһءƬξͺˣоż绹Ҫ𡣡
Ҫ¥ϵĽãʱǿطţǳԡ
ĸʵ̫ÿˣ



عԢ·ϣܰȫں˯
ſϣҪǵĸӸһЩصļ˯øȡ

ڰСӱְֱڻﰲ˯ֻСչش޷
۾ţĽëһһ˯УǻȻ

㿴ỳǲĪ˵
ĪشչźһС͡ǵĿˮ

ûסЦֽ˲͡
˭֪˯еİΪڸԼóԵأһżСֻ˻ӣְյְֻȥ
ӣ˭û취ˣԼѾѿˮְֵͨͨ·ϡ

ỳʧЦڳһֻ֣˹СӵıǼ⡣

ְֺó簡һ㶼Ŀˮ
һԴűְְ裬ѧϰ̫аˡ
ôຢôģʵϰĸҲְġ
һ˿ɿɰġ
ǵ̸öð



ʱǻЦݡ
ֻСֹϣԸ𣿡

Լ̵ĹỳͣеĶתͷȵСӡ
ǵãֱĵһڣģСؿÿһˡ
û뵽Ŀδ룬СѾѾôˡ

ԭĪôӡ
ûκμɣΪ˾ͷλĶԴˡ
ģŵȦԵø

԰Ҫ˯ҪȥԾĪ˵
ڻؼ֮ûãӵĵ绰صһʱһԾ

ǰô죿Сգգۣ첻ĩְֲڼҡ
ȥòãĪ˵

ͷֻǺȻ֮䣬һֵĸоӿͷ
ֱڼԾСӺΣֻһʱ֮䣬벻ˡ

ãǿʼ°ɡĪЦ

ԴĵССǣ´СѾȥͯû汾
һ㶼̰ĵСֻһĹ飬طʱ״ͣ½ŲְҪͰһ𣿡

űӣǽͷ׼µĹỳǲŵؿŰ
붼û룬ֱС̽һһ㶼ð

ƿʱỳǵ黹ûƽ
ðȻǰӡ

ͬʱԼһһСĪľ




26.  26   ˵᲻ᱻ˿Ц

һã
ղʲôûӦ, ͱʵϰְСڰлεεš
ٹѾ˱, ڰְм䡣

ֻһĴͻȻ˸, СҲе㼷

ģӶ͸, ỳǰԼǵʵʵ
ˮһ˿ûаԥûпĪһۣһеķԵø˳¡

ˡĪһ, ͱϡ
, ʲô£ỳȻʡ

Сӵעת, ָԼĻ汾˵ɭֵĹѽ
ỳһŵı飺𣿰ȥ궯԰ϾɭֵĹ, Ӧ
ѽŻ汾ݵ, Ҳڴ

⸸Ůһһ͵, Īб˹ỳһۡ
ݡ

ǿ轲°ɣỳ¶Ц, ԰˵

СѾȲ, գ۾, 衣
Ī뱻Ѽϼܣ汾һҳʼ¡

š
ϻصɭĹ³ڰǰĲǻ汾оԵɫʣСڴԭϵһĻĻѾӡСļ, ʱеĶ磬ʰ쵡

ͬģڽµĪ룬Ҳɵڶ԰Ļ档
ҽߣ㲻ԶţֻҪԵȻķ⣬ҲܶĲ
ʱŲ£ֻ߲ڹһһĥԼ
ڲһˣܸܵͬУʼͼѧŸܵ£ÿһÿһ롣

Ī֪Լı仯Ͱĵֲ
ͬʱĿ⣬Ҳڹỳǵϡ

ĿרעͰһһ¡
ʱʱǻǣǳЦ⣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôġ

ôһ˲䣬ĪԼΡ
̤ʵʵڵģΡ

½ˡһ֣Īϻ汾ԵСӡ

ȥ
ԣ轲£ȴ򿪵ӿƬҪȤ
˵ֻһ£ֻһСӲ֡

Ҫú磬۵ġĪ԰˵

ԣѻ汾õͷϷźãСѾһֺƶ׵
һС֮󣬾ʹСҪ˯ˡ
ֻһ̧ͷỳǻڴͷ

ֵضŰְ֡
ְҲֵض

˶ӺþãСӴƳĬ

ְ֣𣿡

ˡỳǻôʣȡһ¡
Ȼ˼һ˯ġ

첻ù𣿡Сٴ

С񣬹ỳԶԡ
ʱѾʼˡ

һ̣ỳǴӱȥԼļ״
컹Ŵ˯û̹ôȥʱһζ

žһƹⱻϨ
ỳǱźһ˯Ҳˡ

һƬУоִԼСϣСһɻʣ裬Ϊʲôÿ춼ҪҵĶ˯ѽ
Լ˯ʱҲëСܰĪЦ˵

ȻҲر裬赱ԼëСܡ
ĶӶûа⡣ŴŴƽƽġ

СһƵģĪ붺Ц
ЦˣСʱʱҪٴһĶӡ

ڰУĸŮֵ
Ĺỳǣ̾һ
ôģΪʲôһݡ



ҹˣһ˶Ѿ硣
һԢ羲ؿ˯е

죬һ¡
һЩĪ龰Ժг֣أʶѣ֪ԼһС˵еŮ

һŰģԪС׻Ůڶʮͷమ˸ĸߵһ𣬻һɰСŮ
ӳС׻ΪԼᱻɣû뵽λƫԶĳУ¹˾
С׻һڱǴӣⴳ
ԸһҪžۣ˼ȴȫ鰮ϣиҰġ

С׻ȫȫ⣬㱻ӡѣҲԭͬʱԼҲ㹻ӰμսĿʱŹʣҵһһµ̨ס
һʱվȽŸɱرǣ̲һţʽ̳мҵ

ʱʶС׻Լжʹǰǣ֮дǴƪ׷޻᳡ŶΡ
µճɾС׻Ϊ½Ӱ󣬲ڰ佱ʢϽ顣
Ӵ֮һҸֵȥ

еС׻Ů
һʼţأԼϷ¶ڶˡ
Ϊˣúó˼Լȥ·

ǰӵ磬Ǹеǡڵ֪ԼǹŰеŮ֮Ȼˡ
ԭУֻǱ˳µǰߣ֮󵽴ﶥ塣
ڻӳǱߣҲڶԼͺ䵭ǲҪµǻǻһ

ƮϣͷŴ¹⣬ԭ顣

һڣŮԾ谭֮־С׻ϸذοŮ䲻ͷ֮ǿʼڵĻŮ䲻ʶô
ڣȥ԰֮һ췢ģҲ졣

粢˵飬Īķеڣôܽ
һв⡣



ڶֱʼԼԾʱ䱻Ϊһ㣬СҪ裬ûбܾ
һĪڼﻯױðȥϿΡ

ֻǣĸŮæʰԼʱỳͣ½Ų˿߼ٻͷ

ôˣĪ̧ͷƳһۡ
һͰְȥϰġỳֹ

Ī룺
ǵôߡű

һֱˢڸУȫû˧һĺ
ǲϣĵĪűߣż
¥ϵĽãϷ̫٣ܲ⡣֮󣬻Ҫ׹Ůģһڲӵһطֿ
ܿǰܣô滵ˣ
Ȼܺ˧ǡ¥ϵĽãŮͬ
뿴ܺӰ

ֱĵĻ̫֣ǿỳĪϴתüΣʱһЦС
ڰĵģŰְֵ֣ͳš

̫ˣôֵ
ְĺۺӣ쿴ְִһ죬úԼҺִһ٣򰲰ְѧϰ
ǰְֵСް
ûһֿܣǰҲðְڱת̫ˣϽߣ
¥ϵĽһﾪˣҿҲǼҪȥϿΣ

ְټɱڰСְֵ֣
ỳСԴϼ

ȻûãĪ˵Ļ

裡ȥ̺̽ҪȥϿΣ

˵꣬Сӹţɱȥպ̺̼ʱڵȵݵԼһ̶ͣ

ỳһ㵡
ԣСްûᰡ

顪

ߴš
һ磬յαȺĪϢ鷳ܴźһȥϿΡ

ʱСˣЦ˵Թ緹𣿡
ԹǣŽݣţ̣̺̽𣿡

һ䣬պ̺ڷǰڰ֣

̺ô
ڼǲ𣿺ûʲôӡ
¥ϵĽ֮ǰһûעֱɣΪˣһġʱ䣬߿ʼܺˣʲôʲôԸԾͶţ˳ߵĽÿ춼ˡ
һ̫ǰôģ
ǰ˰ӶӲͬ⣬ͻ棬ӻǲԣǾһץ֮ԸΪֹ
ʵҾͦõģֲǿ̱СϾǶأÿ緹ҲӪ⡣

뿪֮󣬾Ͳ취ֺպ̺ˡ
ʶ˵ĻǶԵģȷʵѵ
ȻͺӰְֵĸܺãɻҪڻбԼҪ

ʱ䣬պ̺ż˵ϴһͿѻӱŤתͷͷˡ
ûٰһзϣֻԼá

Ϸŵһ˱ࡢһţ̺һ
˱ϲ٣˲ʱ䰾ģպ̺治ԸԣͶŰɡ

Ĳϣ°͵ŷ

̺̽㣬㰡
Ҫ𣿡
ҪۣҾͳһڣ

պ̸̺Ͷιһװ˱ࡣ
СӳԵ㣬һ޵ı飺úóŶ

㻹Ҫһ붼ˡ

ҳԹָԼԲСӣ˼˵˵ҵθ̫ˣ̫࣬ʳġ

պ̴̺ԴһС࣬Ϊѵس

⡣
ôóԵİ˱࣬Ϊʲô̺ܼ̽尾ӣ

ܿ죬պ̺̾Ϳʼ¿ˮˡ

ϲԺ桢춹ˡպָ̺ʳģͷɥ˵
СѲ˷ʳѽ

պ̺ҲǸµСֻüѵس࣬߳Ա˵軵ҲϲԵĶ
̺̽ϲʲôʡ

պָ̺ͷϲԽӡСԲɰ
´κ̺̽Ҳ԰ϲԵĸ̡߰Сѡ

𣿡
Ȼ

ʱͷһ΢΢

պ̵̺׻ǰ緹ˡ
ʮϿΣʱ仹磬Сһڼ档
һ̺̽ʱС⵵Ϸڣע

̺̽㣬ҿ𣿡ָָ١
պ̺ͷ֪ⲻҵġ

Ц߹԰˵ɡ

ȥټ
̺̽ĸ٣赸ұϵĵǲһģÿᰴټʱͻصڿٳûɢȥ
СӸרעˣٵϣСָټؿס
ʲôⲢܷȤ

ǰסС֣ǲԵģȰַϥϣճԲ״

ͺ̺̺ð֪ߵģҶҪȴ֮нĺúӡ
԰ʵ̺̲ʲôܺӣҲܹԵġ
ҲܺðÿһټҶرϧԼ٣Ըð
̵̫ЦˣٵϣӺ濴ԲԲһ磬һ磡
rwkk˭ЦǰԲģ
ûжеĽãú𣿡
¥ϵģҲֻѧ˸ƤëС㲻츳߾ȻԸҼǵϴҪѧ٣һ涼ûֱӾܾġ
ڽ̰٣»ɡ

粢ûп߼ҵֱ䣬ǣһƬλǱͶ巢Ӫš
ƵУĵذﰲʱͣ򵥵ףѧרģֱʱȥϿΣŰСִټƿ

һĻȷʵסˡ
һأ߷ǳߣһԼҵӣԽһЩġ

ĵ׶߶мּǺޣΪڽĿеһαΪ߸ӵʦʱҶ˵󣬴ֱ֮Ĳг𽥱ࡣ
ʶԼ֮侲һ룬ʱһУȷʵûо˼ǡǻ΢ԼһЩӣҪھͷǰѿǲǻ᲻һ

Թ߶Լ̫ݣͷֻһû̫黳
ΪͲöԷ̰٣ֻһʱˡ
νңԶô߸ϣ˭⡣

иҪҪ
ǽ磬Ī뽫ȥԾ

ȣȵصԢӰ¶һʱο
֮ǰҲûϵԴǻῴԼõһ档

·ߣȥϿΡ



СѾͷˡ
мɨỊ̇һϹܼңǶǴʱ͸ģһҲѾʮͷ͡
ˣҪֱԼļŮҲ첻
ᣬ˶ᡣ

ͷ𣿡תͷʡ

ɳϣͤһ˿ͷҲһ˿ϼϻڿֽ
̧Ƥӣϰһۣʲô

һǼղžƤӵµİ죬ʲôû

үӣ̫̫Ҫֱܼ˵

ͤüϻ
ϡ֡

ֻù
չȥĿʲôţʲôĸҸˡ

ͤͷָֻĻֱĪֲͺˣ

صͷ
ͷȻŰ壬ҵڣҲȷʵһƬ죬мˢӵġ
ֻһֱѣϰôѧ᣿

Ȼͤо˺ð죬·ˡ
үͨĪҵĿĿ֮Ƶվappһǳɡ

ɳϣһ𿴽Ŀ

ôôССѾͷôϻ۾ҪȻӵı鶼塣õ˵ֱֻܰͶϣõӿֱԿ

ܼε̫̫ѵˣЩ߿Ƽ⣬Ҳĸ˵ģҪ绰һʣ
ü˵ģһʣ̫̫Ҫ⣬˵Ҹϳˡ

Ͷ̫ˣϻպſ

ʲô˼ͤɨһۡ

һۣǡÿϻ滭Ρ
СѶϹڿΣл滭ֻǵһ𻭱ʣֺСʣֳġ

ڵĺӲʲôʶգͤʡ
ֺǺЦСѾͷɰʶղãСƤסıǽڡ
ʲôһȦүӼ̡
䣺Ȧʵ̫ˣȻԲǹ󡣡

ͤüĽšţҹͬ벻ף˼ҵСʲôÿġ
ȻȻüĿ⻹ûдĻƿ
ڣĻ棬ȷʵȺڰױֽˡ

һֱ
滭ϣһԴֲڵĴԲȦۿ¿εʱԽԽСѾͷҪżˡСǶԸԼĻ֮󣬾Żʹ
պ̺̣Сһ𣬱׾һ

ԲȦɫ̫

¿ˣʦ߻ÿСѵĶͷ϶ֽ
Լֽ¶Цݡ

ҪȥԾˣټòذڰ֣ӻ滭ܳȥ

СӽнԶıӰ͹ͤ

ûˣ
ˣ

δ

ҵȥСѾͷ
ҡ
ͱȥˣҺӣ㲻Ȥ

ϰıӰֽͤ
ҪȥҲǿ˵СѾͷ

ҪĪ̸ģ



һ㣬ĪŰ׼ʱԾſڡ

һεĻ˵ҪҪԹԱߵң֪𣿡Ī˵
ԴҪ𣿡
ǳҪĪظһΡ

ѾԾſڵȴչ룬Ҹղҵ˵ԾôϷ

Īü

ĹϵһϷʱ϶û취Ͷ״̬ҪǴôõĻô죿

Ȧͬж֪ĪԸ
ʱ˹ͬϯһӰӳʽʵϷиûжϷ鶼һǰһ󣬵֪Ϊʲǫ̂ͬʱ˻ǣ
ǻܶ౨˲²Īھˣ۸˲²ʽĪ벻ģУΪͬһ˴֡
Щ⣬Ī͡

Īһʱ䣬ͻȻں죬вٷ˿ѳóš
ǣ˭֪ʲô

һֱ˫ŶӶӣͬһϳ֣ͬһߺ̺ǾԲܷġ
һΣһ

ǺʤݵϷ
ӵһִӰڣصݵÿһӰǽкֽںصԾûκһԱΪ˸˶ԹôõĻᡣ

ͷ۵üģȥҺص̸һ̸˵ʱ䣬ȻȥϷɡ

ԴֻһĻʶ
μ

㣬˫ŮϷβһԾԺҲǻжϷǶԱûҪܿĪ˵

̾
ô˵ڵĪǰһ
ΪԱԼʵʲôĶֶܰϷݺãǶǰˡ
ʵϣĪ룬֮û취Ӧɫƿ֮£ôܳܵסѹ

Ҳûݿأ㹾˵ģʲôԹ

δ䣬߸Ь̤
һͷ
ˣ㶼û㡣

תͷ

˴СǸǧ𣬱۹ﳤԸ⣬Щεεġ
㿴ˣȦվȽŸȻ´ˡ

˿Ǿǳһס

߹ĪʱŲס
˭û˵ֻǶţѾóš

Űվһߡ
ĽǶȣصΪʲôѡΪӰ˫Ů
˵̫ˣһһţƫƫ˾޵ġԵ
ʢŵòټԴݼͻ⣬óӪȶȾȻˡ

ôһ˲䣬룬Ī״̬ⲿϷƾصľ籾͵ǰݣȻٴ۷塣
ֻϧû
ڵĪ룬ָںһԾʱѾӣû취ɫֱӴʧᡣ

̫ϧˡ

ܽ㣬ǵݸϷľ籾ԱԾ˾籾

һԽĺѡ˵߰һݾ籾ݸĪ룬Ī㡪

ôҡ˹Աһۣõ͸칫ĺƵġ
Աৡһ¾ͺˣԲ𡣡

˵գתͷĪ룬һʱ֪ôƺ
ֻĪҲѾӹ籾תȥӴ׼

ԱĬĬţݿǧͬʱ飬̫źˡ

ص˵Ŷʮ֮ʼϷŶһ䡣

Ůǣһǰһ߽Ӵ׼
˸ž룬һһһĮ

⵽
ݳҲͰˣϷƬǽ
ˣ϶ɲˡ

ϧѣȻ֮䣬վڱϵСӰСѳӴܡ

һ£ȥš

Ѿ˽Ӵңߡ
̧ͷɨһۣͷ籾

ӴҺð֪ΪʲôôǺҪƵġ
ڣСˡ

ȷʵμһĻ

ԭеԾûа취״̬ˡ
֮ԾƬαһԱ
ǿƵֱţ䳰ȷǸʲôʲôӰ𣿼ֱǺ

Ҫôأ
취һСѣ֪Ծʱʲôʲô⡣

̧ͷĪʱֲôżˡ
ΪУʱ軹ûнƣ⡣
ڵѾöˣ

Сס°ָͣĪľ籾ʣ裬㿴ʲô£

Ī˵˵һԺ֮Ĺ¡
ѡҺͺ̺̽㣬Һ𣿡յߣСʡ

õ϶Ĵ֮Сصͷʼְ

ʮӵʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ԱĪԾ

վ߳Ӵʱɫ
ֻϣĪıֲҪ̫⣬ܰϷ꣬ǰνʱƿ籾˵Լû취Ͷ롣
ϾԾȴĿǺص
صĪıʧ½ٵԼڵȦĿڱ

һ
ĪԾߣĶᵽɤۡ

ʱһԲ¡Ӱܵм䡣
̺İԴһվߵĪ룬һֿվұߵ

һ⣬ֱԼֱקס
֮ĪҲס

СӰæ˵ַһ

ݺѣҪѽŴŴ˵
̺̽㣬֡

㣺
ôˮݵˣǴյһȥǻ˰ġ

û뵽ǣһ̣ԼһãȻĶԻˡ

ѾˣڻСУ
û˵꼶ٳܣԼӵ绰
꼶ѧûѧУҸ绰绰ǿպš
Ұ˰
㲻д𣿡

һ㶡

һŮ֮ĶԹȻΪСѧʱܾ
ȥ᲻ᱻ˿Ц




27.  27   Ͻֱͨźţ

ʤԾ, ϼһ۾ž籾ⷭһ, ֶ棬һ̡֧

˵ص, ǸĪ룬Ǹı֣
ʤָؽû, ʣ˵أ

˵ϴκŵԷʱڱϣ˵Īڵ״̬ˡ
ȻǵȦģ󲿷֪֮Ĺϵȴ, ֻǱϺһ, ʵĵ׶Ʋ˼ҵϷ, ߻ھƺڲԣ˵ݵϷ
, ûŵͺص֮䷢Ϊ֪ݣߵķȫͬ, ͬ, ȴǱ˴ϧ
żС, ŵԵ, ٺϼеĵ, ߥһ֡
һξۻʱ˵Īڵݼˡ

ĪʮݵÿһɫҼ¡Ƕʮ꣬ǲԡ籾, ݳ˽ɫȡ

ڴ͵Ц
ص׿ˣʱǳŮݵϷãҲ²۾籾õġ

Դӡصڣֶ˶٣һ̣ûټ˵ȥ

֪ʲô
Ȧ˵ĪһǱ˸ˣϷʱʧȥںصĪѾǰˡ
õӰڵһϷԻʱ̵ʮ֮һúصĻ˵ֻãӵһ̫õľ籾ϰӪŶӰˡ

뵽ص̾һ
ĪԼ۷ʱڵݼ⣬ǳҪ
ֻڵûа취Ҫ

ȿɣ治оȥԱʵ˵Ī룬Ҳһص˵

С˵죬״̬Ҳ籾ɫҪȫϡֻݼӲȶʱʱġ˵ĪõģǣϵãԸ

ص³ȦüʣôԸֹìܣ
εûʣҾû˵ԭΪֵôӦ֪ġ

صҪЦˡ
ȦŮ̫ˣȻĪǵһߣƽʱصشǵİԡ
˵ĵطǷǣһŮͬʱһȦﾺżִǿģֻľ飬û⣬ҪֵòɿЦôԲ

ʤԽ˵ţ²ס
֪ͲԾˣʱ䡣

ǡһ죬ȼڶ̣Ծ⣺ô

顪ԱѾ׼ˡ

ʤ˵һ䡰
еĳ棬ĪǣʱʱԷһۣȻ˭֪ûз
Ȼ

ֻǣסӣֽؿһۺʤмŵ̡

˵ھû˸ҶԵݳ̱ʾģʤԼҲʲô⣬ɾ֮䣬ǿ˵ı飬һתĪ۵׵Ĳͷ
񶼾ûʲôʡ

ȡʤеϨ𣬡ʼɡ

ֻ̧˻ӣǰζɨƯüԾšš

ʤ
ġ

֮ʽԾڡ
ʤԭΪԼԾĹлῴĲ͵Ļƿɽȴϡ

ĪݼӹɣȻżδȫ״̬©̨ʺͶϷıǷǳģ籾м򵥵ĳ±ȡ
ݼߺͣ϶Եľ籾Ͷ֣ͻŹʣֻ֮ݵйоءʤһʼûж̫ϣһΣı֣ޡ

˰ݵһԺѣһܰϷвϵĵݽ
û뵽ĪȻԽ֮ݻˡ

ͷ·ʶ˴ˣ˽Ƶġ

صﱸģһӰ
ΪҵλǧС㣬Ӱ롣ãڼ䣬ìܣӶСŵ֮աҿֵȴʱս˴ˡĴС㲻²ؼ߸߹𣬽ԵĶСҲ̰Ƿ¹һжԹðսЯֲ

ڴ֮ǰصž籾һֱѰٺʵԱ
ԺϡģӰǣĪ

û뵽ǸԼľϲ
ⲿӰҪٽԾˣλŮѡѾȷ



ȥ·ϣĪرá
ղֱŤģûıģֻǽֻ롣
뵽ֻͨѶ¼պѵϵʽĲͲԾ

ߥŰȥĪͯʱԭ

ɰôúģСӸıģѹ⡣
ֻԼ

Ҷʮˣû˵СѧѾʶֲʲôù£Ϊʲô˵ʡ

Щ꣬йĪҥԴ÷з
Ϊжìܣ˭ֻ֪СѧʱһܣܼǺ޵ڡ

ôˣѾǲˡĪ˵
ˣһĪʱ۵׵Ц⣬ܿóĹϵɲһ㡣
ԷֻǸǲСѧͬѧĻΪ˰ѻ˵Ϳĳ

㵹˵˵ǰΪʲôܵģʡ

ĪŴ벻

㲻ţ۾ΪìܣҴ˶£ǰȦＸߺüθҴ绰ҴûйͣҲпͰɣ˵Ϊʲôܵġ

ǰһȥг棬ˡ

գգ۾
г
ͺȤҲȥ

Ȼأ
Ȼ󰡣˵ڽǡ

֪Īӡ
˵죬ʲôϣΪʲôֻҪԸ˵ģǾ˭ʲ
˵ܼʮ꣬һܵ˺ġǳˣȦܱȶ˺ã˶뿪˾С

Īû
˵ҲֻǷǳĵȥпܱЦ
ʵϣصʮǰǸվ£ʵΪֱѹġ
Сӵʵ棬ʱһתҲˡ

㣬ǣһѧܽһƤֳáѧУſһԪǮһＹⶼܷĺѡ

ֻǣһ𣬾Ǻ

ĪЦЦС
ǰôӡ
ʮǰõѣڶֻ꣬Ҫһùһвɢ

ֻǺСìܣǵһ𣬳



ĵصһ磬ڵȵĪŰؼˡ

վڴߣֱĸŮԢ¥ʱ䣬Ӽ
򿪷ʱʱøոպãĪͰǣ֣ݡ

簴ԭдߵĪߡ
ȻҪڣͼĪ߼ߡ

߰ǹȥһˡĪ˵
ֿ̫Ժͺ̺̽ˣ

ĪԼӶɫ΢΢ЩӲ
ѹͷѿһȥ߼ҡ

Ϊһߵֱܿ

ˣ
˵ǸһȥԾ֪ԾɹûУ
϶ɹ˰ĪĹ֪ݵĵӰû˼˵ʲôġ
¥ϵģ߼ҵֱ䣬Ī볬Ƿ˿ҪʺƨͻԼĺԮŴ
ǣĪֻͨսĿش˶ѣʵ궼ûƷˣһ˵ϴݵǲԭĪݵģ˻ǣ϶ǵݾĪ벻¡
⼸ȵϢûй˵ͲϢЦ

߲֪ΪʲôͻȻиϿ˳ŵĵ
Ī絹˲裬ָС̣ԼСϳԡ

ߣǹʲô𣿡Īʡ
ߵĿ޵ɨ漴˸⣺˵ŰȥԾˣô

СĪ˵
Ծ˵׼صһһ⣬ڿǳ⣬˵תͷҪˡ

ҪģԾǸ˴˻ѡĻᣬ㵼ݲ㣬Ҳʵ⡣Ī˵صϷôϵģ˵Ƚޡ

Ī̧ô֪ȥԺصϷ

ǽһ¡
ԭ飬˵ʱĪᱻʹתߡ׷Ī룬ϸذοЩûʲô˵ģ󣬺ܿͻʺ硣Ī뵱ȻֱĹǰһпʼΪ˵

˭֪Ī벻ơ

ǰĪû˵ȥԾôģһһֱĬĬعעԼϢе¡
ĪҪݺصϷѾܾûƷˣιҪһУ
ô͵Ӧþϲ˰ɣҪȻĪŶӿ϶Ὺʼġ
ĪҪϺصϷǾͲٳ˥ˣΪĪķ˿ϣȡᡣ
ȻսĿܺÿĿܻģĪĪҵۣϣԽԽʵƷ

Īûк⣬һߣСӲˡ

㴼ŨΪ㣬պ̺һЩۣɽ髺ѸɣһСö޲Ͼͳһڡ

УٷһЩˮպִ̺Űȥæ

СѵĹӶҪһأ󷢻ˣֻʵʵظţ㺰ʲôǾ͹Թʲô

ȰѰ
ٰݮϴɾ

СæúܣʳƷӹŮһڿҿңСһ̶ͣڰѺݮãһһԼﶪ

ۿͷѾѵСɽƵˣպ̺̻㣬һ㽶

㽶гһС飬ŽͿԳ

Ȼû꣬ѾԾԾҪ̵¼̾һ

Сѣõѽ˵

պ̵̺üšš˼
ܿ죬취ǰ㽶飬½Ϳ𣿡



ֹܾ֣˵

̺̽㣬뿪С֣̽˵

պ̺̿
̿ˮ

Ƕộպ̷̺ŹǣԼ㽶һСڣ½ٽһСڣ¡

СһѾı鿴СֽԼ롣

̵̺ʲôִ
֪ˣ̺Ǵ߸İ˱õС
Żˣֻֽţһ뵲סº̺̻Ҳ㽶
С˵ƽʱ㳦ʱҲ̺ġ
Ǳĺģǿӳ԰˱˼
˵Ѿ򿪱䣬û̺ˮˡ
¥ϵĽãǵ㽶ҪСУ



Īǰε˰죬޹
ǳԵ̺ۼһֻԼСӣһֻֻ˻ӣʹ˵ټ

ĸŮҵķߣʱ

ҹ۲˼죬رϲ٣ַСһܿˣټѧȥ
ÿ磬ҶϰһСʱĸ٣ϲ

Īʣ˵ӿⷽ𣿡

ټҶ˵ǰѧٵҮ
Ժǰ᲻ɸټң
İ˵ҲСˣ̨ϱݣ
̫ˣ֪СѧҪپǮʵһ˵϶û취·
ҵϣĪԾܾߵĺ⡭ΪǰһũСͳС͵˴˼ͥһʱսĿһĿ󣬳Сëĵ߰˰ˣũС»صң϶ӦĪ԰ԽãԽĿ֮еоͻԽ󡣡

Ԣ¥ȹϣɫ΢΢һ䡣

ͷ裬ʦҪ̰ѧ𣿡
ĿѾˣѧѧЩʲôҪع¶ԺģȻȥ֮󣬹¶ԺԺȥϸٿ𣿡

Įıŵˣҧ´ͷȥ
ĺѣϣԼĺʱһЩ

Ҳ֪ôġ

û뵽߾ȻԸΪ
ʲôã

Ī͹ỳֻǺӵʵϰĸӪҵ¶ԺСκǣ

ֻû뵽Լʱһ

СѾͷסһ䣿ỳǶ˵˶¥µǰ
ỳڿᣬԸ绰ˣӹҪȥš

˳ķȥһۿ͹ͤ
ٵķŴ綼ܽǵ̸УԲ³Ǿǹỳǵĸĸ

ỳǵĸĸô

Ҷ˵ˣڵݿɵվţỳǵĵ绰ֲͨʲôĪ绰ʡ
ûĺ롭
ʵ̫ˡеŵûϱĵ
죬ֱͷĪǹ˼ҰǵĻ¼ҿôӺͶϱ

һ£үͣˡ
ҿһۣע⵽ʱ۾һǽŮ

˵߹˵㻹ǵ𣿡
Դ룬ͷ
ЦݺƣСһ֪ס𣿡

Сָ򰲰ңԥһתָ߼ңء

лϰ˵¥µĹ˴绰ǰѸ͹ȥҶϱСѾͷ
үӱֻϴԸһһģö˶˵ʲô٣
ϿֱСѾͷϱ˼٣Сֶ᲻Ųôϲһһ£͵̸СбһۣϽȥ绰

үϰû취վԭش绰
ȥ߼ҵš

Уͷ·һ͸ˣ˭ûע⵽
ԭأ·һء

ֻһսĿеʵϰСѣĪĹžȻôӣϲֱӾһܸ͹
ԼңֱڣһСѶû

ۿ΢΢һ죬źӻؼҡ

顪

ʱôЬӣҪؼҡ
һ򿪣գգۣסˣ̣

Цúϲ£죺

̣ǰʵϰˣ
ôҿ
Ҫؼˣתֱ䣬ȥ̣
оҲó谲СѾͷأƺ̫ɰˣ



ֱ䡣
һ򿪣СӾ̵֣ƨƨߵؽݡ

ۣ̺ʣóʱҲˣ
ôĪ˵òӰϱɣ

Ī룬һģϽԡ˷ܵóһװУָָԼĲӣͷܳƣ˵رá
ˣ軹˼ZL¼ȹӣ㴩϶ÿڳأֺ˾һ

Ǯ˼ҵžǺദŶϱǮæһ򡣡
ҼҪֻй󸾲õû뵽̫̫һϱһöϱŮ˰ɡ
ZLҵȹӡҼǵĪƽʱ˽Ǵӵģˡ

˵õϱ⣬ǲڵġ
ɳϣһĪ꺮ůһִŰСԴӶ棬ֱүӴŹˣЪһ

˶䣬̧Ÿٽţҵʵλ֮󣬰ٷ£һͬϰæԡ
٣˴סˣСú˵ġ

ҺͷӿֱӵٵʱˡǼҵĺӣܲܳϱ˼ɣһԼ档ЦŽһѰǰСѾͷһԡ

˵գѰٵϡ
СӻЩãȻС־Ѿ̰ټϡ

˵ԸٺܸȤᵯҵذ˼ǵЦԽԽãСҲԽԽͣ

һǸСټҡ

Īվһá
ʵãûкܺ
Ϲһͨ

̲ǲʺƨ߰
ֻҵܿڴԼԻˣΪԼǸټҡ
Ĳˣרҵģ̳̫ˡ
һֱ˵úһ棬ͺǸƵġ
ˣȻĿûʣ¼ˣڽĿһˣԺӦûᾭȥ¶Ժɡĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳıˡ
һ¡ҷһ㣬ĪĹɫܳҮ˵᲻Ӱûϱ⣬йϱ⣿

Ī룬﷽˵ү˫ֱؿڡ

ϱʵ
ĪĹǺദģԼҲԸ˼ӵģ᲻һ
ôĵĳ棡
ӼͷլˮѾ׼ˣ㳳ܰɣ

Īָָҵķ򣺡Ǳûͷ

үӺͷǰ档

ʱſˡ

ỳȲҪؼңҸֵļͥ
ȻһţͿԼĸĸͱӵĿǼܴ١

ỳЩͷʹ
ôˣ
ʲôʱߣ

Ī룬үʮٴ
ỳǰһסĪ󣺡ҽȥ

һҡ
Źˡ

ֱĹǣ
ҪʲôԸԱϽֱͨźţ



һߣصҡ
ֻ˺ðΣһˡ

ôˣ칤ˣĸ߹
ܸ˵ÿôNɪֵˣϽ˵Ҹ˸ˡ

ûصһۣһֻֻĪȻûҴ绰ˣûҴ绰ǲǲͺˣ

Ī롭ĸü룬ȻüչСʱ򾭳ǼҳԷǸĪǲǴ̨ͬ𣿽ôײˣ
ǸӰ󰡡ܸ˵ϳԹĹϣǸʲôӳʽ˸ݻͲ˭ӡ

ƲƲ졣
Ȼ֮䣬Ķ֪ͨˡ

İ136********Ŀ鿪˶ᣬÿͥˣҪҪ棿

۾һظ

ȥ

ȻҪȥˡ
òױǰӣвȥĵ

ȥĸݣʡ
ϡʵϰĸգҲģĿȶȸߣȥһ䡣װνӡ

ܸһϽóֻȥԮ˿ȺϢ
һŷͷܣμӡʵϰĸգڴ

һʱ֮䣬˿Ⱥըˡ

ɣʵϰĸǲĪϵ̨ͬǼϰɣ
Ȼǣְַܰϣ϶׼ȷ
ѵǽĿΪ˳ȥģ
Īгƽʱ⵵ĿܾĿκȶȡҪϣֻܰapp¹ˡ
˵ĿͦÿģΪ˵Ī룬ϵƵû
ĿΪ˳ȶϽĿ֮϶ᱻ÷Ŵ󾵶ŵġĪķ˿ſ϶жҲҪһ£ҪʱӪ

ֻܸһֺǡ

ĸ쳣˷ܵĸŮһۣһ
ŮҵڣҪֳλɫòţķչûκκô
Ī֮ĴںìܣǱţϽĿì
ǲƽϺг԰ѹء

ĸʵĪǰҪõѣʲô˲㵽ĵز

£˼
֮ڡ

Сѧ꼶٣Լһȥг档

ȥг棬Ȼأĸǵ¡

ȻһֻС̫ˣ㻨ǮûҾͰСװյЬ˵ӻг뿴С񣬾İЬӴһ졣

ˣĸǳ˳顣

ĸˡ
ʱֻʮ겻СŮԼʱһȥг棬Ҫ뿪ʱһֻС
СЬСúܣСЬУһ£С͸϶ˡ

죬صҾͰͷʹޣܴôʶ˵ԭ
֮ĪҲûˣ꼶ѧڣѧУתѧ˴Ӵ˶ϵ

СˣҲԼ򿪺ӵģĪʲôϵĸʡ

ǺȻش˴ԼĶ䣬ίЦҡ

ĸ

󣬵ʱССĪվ£ų߿յıӰãȻ
£һعЦһûЦìܾͳˡ

߷˿Ҳֲ׵ģôʱ䡭ĸҡͷ
ϽĿʱǧ£򣬷˿Ǻܴ




28.  28   ͷͷ

ỳǺ͹үӽ, ̸á
һʼֱĹǶڲ²̸, עͰĻ

СѾͷ̸һݳ, ʱ㴩ϣﵯ, ǵʽС
̣ݳʲôѽ
Сȹӣʯȹӱ߶˿ģƯˡ
ۡ
һÿķ, ϸ߸Ь, ǰͱСˡ

ɵɵ, 㽡
С
ڹ¶Ժʱû, ԼΪС
֮һжһ, ööϲ, ڵһ㶼ùµ

С, Ǵ, ϹԽ˵Խ, һ˶ǹ
СЦݣ̵֣ǿԶϹʹ𣿡

Ȼԣظ֤͸ʹڡ

СʱҿӣѧװƬŮǣѱ, װǹĹҰ迴ֻǳЦңȴҳߣҰѱһĿ֡
ҲǣǸʱܻҼҵϷҪҳ赽ȥˡر̡Ҫ̴绰ĩȥ
Ľ¥ϵĽǺͰŮֻ֪ҵܵܣкóԵȫҵܲˣѹǮøҡǸʱҾ룬ԺŮһҪӱ谮
Űųţ̲סеˡ

һĻĪҲԾ
СҶͬѧǵļﲻһûмͥůźĸ׺˵һ仰ǣŲṼǡ
ΪˣĪ͹ỳһ֮˼Һλ棬֪Ӧκദ
ڸѹ֮³ѧϰ߷Լ

Щ꣬͹ỳǷַֺϺϣλ
֮ỳǣʱǵŮѾȥԼ״̬õʱ̣ץסһľ͹ỳǽ飬úøɽȴԸΥ

ϣ̫˽ԹỳǷǳƽ
Ȼλ֪ʲôǿóĸ⣬Ȼǻĵġ

үǱߵν̫ˡڣֻڽĿеʵϰŮԸǻȥ۰ӡ

СѾͷϲϲѽǸԸŵˣӿɰĲˣ̲סʵ
ϲˣСӽСУе˵
ЦˣϲСѾͷҲϲСѾͷ衣

Īһ¡
͹ỳǼûлżҳԹ
ΪԼԹԵģڣ񣬸ֻܵº⡣

ѹϲء˵Ϊһÿ
͡һЦˡ
ĪҲЦŹ˹СӵıǼ⣺˳ԼҲˡ

ԴǹЦݣһҲһЦǵЦݾ͸Ӳˡ

ǰ̺ø߰ôġ
Ҳ̸ߣľ̳úƯƵˣǾ仰ô˵ţ²
ÿ˾ϲÿˣ⻰ûëȷʵܺÿҪȻҲô˧Ķӣڹ裬һܰ϶ûôȦˡ
ûΪ̫ϲˣҲԸĪǣ򡪡ҪʲôˣӰ
衢̺ͱһܰȻһˣáһоױɡδʲôģһ˼
Ѱְ£үү߰ɣһûˣһľӼء

󲿷ֹϲ̴һΪһĻ̫ܰˡ
ܰһĻүүƻǶİ

ȻеĹǶһܺãҲпֲ´ġ

ֱ㣬˯ʱ֮⣬һʮСʱճȫλչǰŷŴ󾵿һЩССϸڶãҳë
ǣʮĪҵֱˣȻû̡ܱ
ˣһЩڷĪĹϽһĻϱսӰԱ

ܵĹ˾鵽ֵһЩܣ˼ҵҲǸﰡ˵ֺүӣϲŵֶ¹ɵĶϱԸöϱͷ¶棬ϾֲȱǮ
¥ϵģѾˣĪӰѵʲôʸָֻţ
£үӾǺܹŰ壬ղĪô䵭ѵǿ𣿽һ࣬ԸӣϹһսĿ˼϶ʹ졣
ĪӰҲڼ˼ӲӲѵ±ϳţڹڷֵ˼빤һүӳ Īܻö˲ˮһٷʢźţǹȥˡ
ǰɲǰɣӰҪͷСͻȻûôĽˣҼбľ

ડһſˡ
ֱĹʼྐྵӣ׼Ӱڹǰͻ˳һ棬˭֪

֣ȥˣɳϢһ¡ỳ˵
үӲȻؿĪһۣɤӣԼ˵ķܳԣ
һɣһȽϿ죬Ī붼ˡһ¡

үӺ͹ỳûзһ˳
֮󣬸Ĳ϶Χȹʼֹ

ֱĹǣ

СϹˣɳྐྵӡԼ˳򿪵ӣһ𿴶Ƭ
˭û뵽ֱ俴ӰྐྵӵһĻ𾪵ǣڿʱӰȻԶƬɾܸȤ

ֻۺɫĹʲô
ѽ
ղ˵ʲôںţ

ö˶һ˵Ҫඣ

ֻɫĹأĪʡ
лһңܣһҵĿںǡɫߣ𶪵ã

СۣѧӹǵĿںʱʮ㣬С黹࣬ͷ·ԼҪ뵽ŶУһȥ̽Ƶġ

Ī棬ߵͷȻСѾܹˣÿһοЩСϲ
ͬʱĵ׻ЩɻɫĹΪʲôҪлһң̶üǰ



ֱĺڷǿλɳϵſһ۳Ĺ˼ҸʱЩã
ղŹүʱڵģôͻȻϴˣ
һʱ֮䣬ڷҲǣҲǣϾûأҲһ³Էʱ˼һĪ뿴ɫϱսһ

ڷֻĵȴڣһСʱ󣬹ỳǶŲ˳ˡ
ȥְֵæ꣬С˵ְ֣㰡

ỳЦǰүүϴүͦġСʱûỊ̇Һ̵һ͡

ڹỳǿŵ㣬ǳ˵á
ľտպССǲһģͤһͻĿɶǶ˵ǼƵ궼õóֵĴˡ
ֻʳĲˣùүӷӣֻ׼һЩҳСˡ

ҶüûԵĲˣǰпڸ߹Ц˵

䣬üүӹ̻
ޱ飬ȶһ̰̾ط˿Ϻתͷسʢѹеϴл

˼ҷã׬ǮңؼһҪź̫
Ǽҷˣ湤ô࣬ؼһȺԲϣҶΪǸеɱ
ף¥ϵʲôֵֹĶҵгɷ޶ͿɱϽȥԼпٿ˰ɡ
˼˳費ͻȻùܵİְҲʼ˳ˣ

ڿˡ
үȷʵһһĺóգֱĹǶûŵζѾˣһҪҳ˲

Īһ˴һ뷹
ڱϰæˣʵĪ벻ɣ

үһۣôܲԣ
ֻû˵꣬Լζı飬һתĪ밡岻ãٳһ㰡

Ī
үôˣͻȻͺ˹ֲϰߵġ

ԵġĪЦ˵趼ˡ
Ц棺ԣԣǶæѵһһԷأ

֪ĪԲ̫׷еķù
ʢ֮һķ׷ŪɢɢģСȫȥҲϱ

ٳԵ㣬һỳǴź¥ɢɢˡ˵

Ļ￪ʼˢšĸ֡

ڷʼûԸӰһһĵҲǼҳ£һ˵ֵԸߣͨͥճûʲô
үӵĻ࣬ҲûеѶϱ˸оĪ˵ʱǿƵģͶԼ˵ʱһ
ȻЩΥ͸С
ûֻӰƽ﹤æ͹ദʱ䲻࣬Щ衣

СѾͷμӽĿ𣿡һǴŹǡ

ǴŹģ㣬öͯʹϾֻСץųԣԵǶ͡
˺þõ⣬ȥ֮󣬲ͷۣ˵ĿҪ˶أ

˶᣿ȵôģ
ĪͣĿСһأ˴һСȥμ˶ᡣ

˵õһнƷŶ˵

Ц̿ɲԲμӣ
Ϊѵһֻͥ˲μӣѾҺúͰһμӵĴ
̺㿪Цģҿһ㶼˶ҪǸһμ˶ᣬϺȵġ

ͺòãСʧôҪķݡ
ֱ֣ĻϾܾһڴӦѾμӽĿҪʲô·ʲô͡

ү𣿡òİ˳һ䡣

үӰ

бһۣЦŶ԰˵
Ҳү˵

һɡ
ˣͷӲһֱ˵μӽĿǲҵ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ǳʲôˡ

ãүү͡ĪЦలԴ

ỳǵ¶Ц⡣
һ춼æûʱ俴ֱ֮Ҳûʱļ䣬Ŀš
û뵽ѾԼķݡ
ôͰ˵ģ϶˵ѾҰְһμ˶ˡ

һ˲μ˶ᡭ
һ룬;úů

뵽Īһ峴ʱߣУЦᡣ

Ī룺

Ӱ͹ڳǰȽϿƣǽͷһطǣ𰡣
ǵģܸջʱ򿴼űֺȥ̸קţҲ𣡡
˼ңʹҲӵġҹƹܺ͹̸ʱ϶࣬үӲŲӰɫ뿴һʱôϹŰְǰ޵ģһζ
ڴ˶ᣬһ˿϶ǿɿɰ
˶ᣬĪ񲻴ȥ˵ĿΪԼαϢǧȷְַܰųġ
ĪɲɣĿҪʲô۶ӣҪŮ˺Ŵǰɣ
ĿҪӰ󳴻⣬



ڶʮ㣬αСŵĿյǩμ˶ᡣ
ÿͥλ˴һСҾֻһˡ
ΪСȦûʲôܽеѣֻĿ鰲ţͬ˾ĺСμӱ

һ˧µֱǵע⡣

㡣òشк

ǿǣǣǡ
ǲͬͻһ¼ĿģҪʯͼһˡ

˵˵ȥΪ졣
˾ĻôһС͸϶Ҳ᳴ȶȣôϽĿһļαֱӳѡ

ԶԶؿֱ̧С֡

İһһµţ͹˶
Сӵͷøɾ䣬ͷϻ˸˶ô¡

αųһж顣ŻͲĹԱ˵ڱʼ֮ǰȽÿһλα

һαطͽշ򸾣ǽ
ڶαǽ˼ء
αߺ͡

ỳ÷ѳͣţѸٽ⿪ȫЬװУش򿪳ţ첽³
һ磬Ȼع˾ӳ٣֮÷ȥЬ

μ˶ᣬһڵЬãʱĽѾЬһðĪ뻻ϡ

𡪡Ϊѵ˵
ʲôһ˵ٵˣĪͰڵҡỳǶ仰һˡ

ıӰһΡ
ȥˣ̫̫ѹûķݡ

ỳǽţԱ

ǵĵ飬СαǰСѡ
裬ӰĪ롣
Լ

ỳǲЬС

ԼҶǳϲϤġ

ỳǵĽŲͣסˡ
˭
Ķ
ʲôˣ

һ
ͬʱֱɷ˿Դ
Īĵλ˿ƽʱǺʡĵģҪҲҪݣֻҪĵȴλӰƷ䴵ǵĳɼС
ɽ첻һ
ΪȦﱻ֪ͷһֱĪ֮Ķغҷ˿ǵĽ

սһ˭ԸöԷռȻ

ڷ˿Դʱǳˡ
޹ŮǣƽʱţͷŶǾµģŲۡ
˿ǶţҲ⣬ֱӽĪѹȥɽô⡣

Ҳһ׼򵥵˶װŲ˶Ьһñòһ롣
ߵĪǰʱҲûдŵգ෴óһñ˹ȥ

ϣҪɹˣ

ĪԣҲñ
ֻǼǲμ˶ᣬŮǵķҲƹģñܴ̫⡣
ˣĪԼñӵĽǶȺͷ˿
ϣӶͳһЯСӣ֮ݵĪǰ

λŮǣһžӣһž۷˿
СŽż㣬ûСñ𣿡
ûУҺһúҰŶ

ֻСѹԼԴ̣Ҳɹѽ

͡һЦյ˵СʱҲܺڣ㿴ڰײף
豻ñһٿ˶̿µĳȣͷСҾͷ

Ͱ˵ʲôҲ
˺һСվһʵ̫ÿˣƯŮǾӦĿ
˵õǵأΪʲôñӸĪ룬پӣأȻ֪ŮǶ±ɹڣŮñһҶǵˣְֱֳֻܿ׵÷ȡ
֮ǰûע⵽ĪȶƯЬСȵ״ôÿ
ǲҪʲô¾µӰ
ȻǶԱֱϷϵãΪʲôҪװǺýõӣ
ȻȦûԶĵˣֻԶ档
ݵľݵģĿҪ¼һ죬Ǻܿͻᱩ¶ġ



Ŀڣֱȶߵġ
ϾҲһ󲨷˿Ϊ˲ԼżĪķ˿۸ǶڵĻʱ׼

ôõȶȣĿȻҪúãˣֵĹԱڱʽʼ֮ǰ岥һ󴮹档

Īվһޱ档

ͻȻ鵽ȺһӰ
ø첲Ī룬㿴ǸС˧硣

˳ߣĪҲ˹ȥ
ȺУƤ߱۾䣬ǻЦ⣬ȷʵȦټ˧ǳСʡ

עһ㣬ѣĪ˵
һĿתط
ʱתߣЦſλӰһۡ

عͷʱײϣ¶崺΢Ц

žشһ

նűߣһģһֻʬʵʵġ

ôӰ

ԼϵĴŷ֣ԼѾӰˡ
ѹô

С̻ãģó϶ܶࡣаúȥһɡطϸĵ

ҳطĻ
Աû취ֻͬüҳǴСȥӣڼҳǣҪٻ·̫ʱˣֱһЩҺС

ȴȥĪ˵
ֻһ£ȺеĹүվ

ͱæˣҴȥ

׼ź
Ϊʲôô

ŹүӵѸٴ¥ʱıӰʺš
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ӺʱһɨȺĶӡ
Ӳͷˡ
Ŵ



үӴŰ¥
ӲչˣʲôᣬԼضͯϷ֮ûһͳˡ

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ÿ𣿡ʡ
ֺÿġү˵

߰ɣܣһ
ɼҪȥμ˶ء

ȡһ¡үסѹررͣյС˵

СѾͷְĸô
ۣ
ƽʱᳳ𣿡
ûۣ

үһ
úúĪ̸һ̸ģڵʵ̫ˣΪʵǿȥ
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ĸ鶼ôˣĻϹ˵ʲô

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үӰΪ˱ǰѹͣһ䣺û˵֮ʲôܣ

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Դ룬󣬰үһǰ𣿡

үӰѳһһۿͷЭ顣
顱һ£Ѹٰѳϣ̧ͷ˿ļͷ

ȻҪ飡
Һû˵Ī뱾Ϳỳǲ˳ˣҪӣ붨ˣ

Ϊʲô˼ϷôࣿղŻʵʵ尲ˡ
Ǿ˵ʲôĻ
ʲô뿴Ŀ̫ϵˣ뿴ôȫĳ
үүε÷ġ
үүϴүλصʱ庢ӺĻ棬ܸоүҲôһ졣



Ŷ̿ĺӱؼһˣڻ̳ߵȴ

ܻˣȥСĽĸӤ˼ƿҺָҡ
ЦŽӹҺתͷڻ̳ߵһȪˮ

ȪˮǽĿ׼ģһ£ȥãʱԭҲͬľ顣

ԭУĪûвμε˶ᣬΪỳҪϰ࣬ҲûбĿ롣
ԼȻǴ˵ģһĻл

ǸС͸ǳòĺĬ޼䡣
ע⵽ģк֮޵

ʱֱķ˿ʲôģȻĻ˵ʲô֪С̹cp
һʼ粢Ը󣬿û뵽֮󣬻ӳסˡ
ӳ󷢣һԼԼǲɻȱġ

ԭУڣƶŮķչҪ
粻ôõĻᡣ

һƿˮݸ󣺡ˮ𣿡

ȻûеõӦ
Ϊû˵ʲôֱתĪ

СС̫˰ɣ÷
Ī̧ۣǡÿʱƮݵ˧С⣺ǸС˧ˡ

üתͷȥ

ܹ¶׵ݣǸķҺ
ллĪӹ

ỳȾҪȥ
ȴͻȻ֡

û£ϰȥ˵

ỳǣ
һ˶ֻһȥϰࣿ

һߣһȻŻķ
ǵãԭУǺܻ˵ġ
һΣҪȥ

ллСɾʣӹҺ촽һĨ͵Ц⡣

û뵽ӣƿӡ
һ̣šҺӣдԣҰɣôô滬ݣ

ԣšƯüһ󲽡
Ī뽫Լ

λӰͬʱ¶һѾı顣
ͷͷ




29.  29   ʣʾί

, ԶԶأ˵Ļ
ԭУҲ㡣
ʱֱĹǶը, һ֪кӣҲаְ, ԾΪС̹Ļ˲ٹ
ǻ翴ֱĵĻ, ˱ֵúȻֱ֮ؿϵƬΣʶԼͻжǶԡ

Ǵ֮󣬻Ȧ, Ҳðջ, һºüԴ, Ϊ½
˾ֱ̬Ӱһһ, һ

ܶ󣬻ȦĵλԽԽ, Ҳ, żںŮǺʱ, ķ˿ǶỤż, Ůͬʱ, Ҫһ䡪ǻһҪȻҿĲ

裬ڿʲôѽ۵˼
һ£ع񣺡ûʲô

ôˣЦ
۵׶ʧõȻ޴棬һس˳ǡ
Լ˧

¶Цݡ
ʱ, ǶˣصߣĿ⻹޵ϡ

ͺͺֱͣ˼
򣿲Ҫڽϻݣ⻰̫˰ɡ
˵ضģҸղſˣû
̫ʵһʼûãô˧ĵܵܣ˵ʲô֮ʣҲܿݵġֱĪı֮Ҳʶ˵⻰ж಻ʣ̫ˣƯһ
ŮǶҪһ㰡ְռ˱ˣ˧ȻѧУܻ˶УһˣСǽͷģڡҾܾ
˵ЩθڵˣСطúЦʲôˣҧѵӲᱻƳӣ⺢̫ˡ
ǿ쿴ʲôͷĴ䣡ţ͹ǽеɫղһ˵̸ʡģÿ춼ôʱֿɰû뵽һͷִֹ̾ˡ

⺢Ӵʲôĵ

Ī뿴ԼСܶСӡ
̵һƺ˶°߹ⴹķ˿۵øɸɾһСϻŰı顭

үүŪİɡĪ˵
ֵǴүүŴġ

ȺеĹүǹ
һȫСѾͷԼʰģʲô֪

ڴôãǵ˶ᣬʽʼԱŻͲһڡ

αŶӼϣԱ
һǽܡ
ԱϰｫСߵĿյطֳ㣬СŽܣȽһҳɼҳִһ㣬ŵڶλҳŽյ㣬ٶһʤ

̶ףҪѡܣŶӵĬҳǺСڽӰʱСĶ϶ᵢʱ䣬ʱ֡ҳգ˿㡣

ɣĵıŮô찡ҪһСİͷŪˣߴģһ㶼ˡ
ӦúܺڲμĿɣϾĽεΡۣ
¥ϵģĹܸʮײľҪ˿ۣ˵ʵҲۣ۵ǵӣճͱˡ
ǺǣĪ벻ҲǶ𣿽ĿԼμӵģΪ˳ȶȺһμӣѣҪװڽĿչӣαyueˡ
ΪʲôֱȦˣĪ࣬һϲˣ˶ᣬǱᣬԸܵģ͸Ͻǵıķϴȥ
ǮѾôˣ˿ǾȻҪۣӲõĻ;Ҫ˰ɡ
Աۿֱ򽫱ԡ

Īķ˿ͣˣûȫͣ
˿ȺĹ㶼Ѿʼ𣬿һӪѶԼѹ
˭֪ڴĦȭ֮ʱĪѾʼˡ

λӰʱչĶ޳ϸһȥĻȡ
һ̣ſ𣬴ԼĶ㣬СǸ͸λŽȳ

ܣ

ֻ۾Сಡһ³ߡ
ܱСѶѾСˣݵСкбһңңȡ

ܣ߻ͷԼѹûˣСϲɳ־ɥı顣

СѾͷͣ̧Ÿ첲裬Сᡣ
£ܸо䳡Լϰĸ첲Ҳ̧ͣͣ

ү˵Ǻ֣ϰѼϼܣֻ÷ܵذڰڸ첲Ŀ⻹ֱֱضСѾͷһѺ

ˣܵúóʱϵⶼڶ
ţ̵ְֵӰ

ỳڲԶ

ܱܵÿ첻죬ǶҪֵ󡣡
Ҳ£׷ϵģ

Цˣǲμʲôشһ
ܺ͹үӲǰ𣿽˾ˣһԱ
Ҳÿɰǰ滹̫ɡأɡ£ֱӸˣɹˣҪȥԺ۰쿨
˵û˵ڵСӾȱ۽ҼСֶ·ʹëʱֻҪһ䣬ڵôүү̶šǻкۣܶӮͺܰ
srdsĻ׷𣿿Īӣܲܰ˵ԭذá
쿴СӼ

ˣ
ԭҪСӣ˰ְֵĻ֮ǳ˶־îһɾǰ塣
ûмעܵ񱼵Сͷ˺üΡ
һλͷʱϳȥһڵϡ

ܰһżغ

վһӴطҲޱãȻ
ûˤӣôأ

֮󣬱øгֻΪĿСĺӣʵޣֱʱСĵڶ

ڣСӺĬڵݽӰʱӶûȵؽ˹ȥ
Īӹȡʱȫֱ˵ţܲʱŷ磬ֱ˫Ⱥȳƣûж׸⣬˸ӳŽС

Ȼɳڣ
ҿһЩգŮʱ򶼺ܽеĵͷ紵ңеᱻĵͼһرû뵽ӰȻܵģ
Ӻ˫ȾȻһ㼡˵õǶݵأ⿴Ǿ˶Ӱ
ӰƽʱнģôãǿݣӦòʵɰ˰ˡ
ܵʱû˼󣬵Ϊʲôô
˵εĴһ̨峵Ϊɱ
ǲ֪᲻Ϻˣʵǡ̫ˣƵһܣüˡ

̶ʮײľ룬Īܵ棬ûע⵽ԼѾˡ

һ硣
עܲʱͷ˿Ҫ־¡
֮ߡ
ߴСͺգûκ˶ϸûܼ۵ͨ죬ѷֱ׷
ǽ˼
˼ʮˣ͵ϷǣѾĳԷڼҹȿˮͻȻʼ˶еԲ

ڽգŴͷɥڵϵѾˣ˳һҺȥ

ɱеĪһķͼ콫Ӱݹȥ
վһλҲѾ׼лССĽš
òײźͺãǧڱеӣҪȻ˭Ц̫ʡ

ڣĪܵǰ
ֻϸͬʱ˳ɽӰ̡

һߣòܵǰ
ӹĿᶨң

˶·ߵС⣬ܵ÷ɿ죬ʪڶǣŰʱֱϵļשͷ
ʱǹһĨаЦݣһwink


ͺܡ

ܰĪ뺰һ

عյȥ
ֻһʼ̫죬أû

ٴδĪ㣡

ͷ
һ·ص꼶ϡ
һ꣬ĪһμӰ˰׿ԣֵ顣
ܲãûܼѾŶӱ߱ϢʱĪСŸԣһſ㣬㡭

꣬ССͣŹǦһ˫ȣĪߵģȥյ㡣
ʱѵźʱѵģص
ӷᡣ
ʱôôɣΪһСòСìܣֵʮ겻

ۣҮ
һ㶼ܵǽһ죬ǲμ˶Ƶģ
һοĿһСʵ̫ɰ˰ɣôຢһ۾Ϳӣķ
òǰɲǷǿɰ
ͻȻежһԹܾҵŮǰֻҪµĹͷĳӣҲᾡɡ
ǣͷôоǵĹϵһء

ֱ׷
ܲ

ڻյһ̣ĸŮܹ
ϲ֮࣬簵ؿĪ˵ƲѵֻҥԶѣ

ǵһ˵˵

ЦźƣתͷЦ˵Ҳ

ǳ˳顣
ûܵܡ

ߵĪǰ
Բ𰡣ûиõһ˵
СӻźĸȼУСһڣڶҲð

͡Цһѷá

ǰһʹˣǺͺðɡͷĪ˵

ĪøദͦȻģôһ˵̲סŤЩ˼
мİԴͺҪѽ

վһذͰ̹סСĴָǵĴĴָ
ڹ¶ԺСǾѵġ

ʲôɵİϷúЦСѧ
ǹݵ𣿡
ôݵģ˵ģĪĵλͲòЩȶȡ
ҲŮǰûʲôìܣֻһЩѣһһμӽĿֱ
ŮǾӦҪͷʲôģ̫ůˡ֪֮᲻ʲô뿴һϷսĿҲԣ
ĺðŮǰ̱ǰ

ʱڵǰֱܸЦͣ
ʲô˿ʵ̫ˡ

ĳһ죬֪Ĵң᲻Цͷ

˿ȺҶһŷͷְִܰĻϢеҪ֪Ī֮便ûʲôԹ˿ҲþǼĪأһ֧λ㡣
ְֻܰģǲԸ˵

˿Ҳû취ֻüֱƬ¼һ֡һ֡ȡáĪĺúг



μ˶Ŀ۵һԣıͶˡ
Īıֱͦô˿ء

һĿ򣡡
ȸղŸ˷ˣŻûܴ֮ؼɫģƯ

ôˣһԹ

ʹͱסյ㣡ѾĪ뱳űʼϰ

Ӳı飬ĪʣҪ򣿡


Ͱ

ǼŲμĿ
Ůǹո۵÷λˣûзۿűͱĿ򣬸п̾һ

һ֣ǻʤߡ
ǱߣʱʱʱҪͣͬʱĴ̫𾢻ˮаʱ䡣

һĿͰʤһ֣ҲΪʵϰĸıĬӮһ֡

ڵһĿڽĿнʧ޵ͣ
òױˣſãӡ

ԼڵϲģҪȻְֻܳһ壬ܸղǸ˵һĸ硣ط̲סԹ

䣬ˡ

ǰͣˣ˵ӮءҲ˵

ԼĺӣָͣҲܷˣοǱ˼ҵС
Сڸ㲻Ѿһͷڶӣ˭ˡ

պطˣȻһҲѾѹˣǻҪԹ̫ˡ
ʵҲ⣬ǷҲģúòû뵽һֱ֣ȷʵе㷳ˡ
ӶһŰֽ˵ľӦýֲ̰ܣڵһĿб̬治ǻкüĿǴһʼպطûкúø
СѾǱȽɥܵʱ򰲰ҲˣǹڱĹӲܵյġ
Ϊʵϰĸպط㻹кܳ·Ҫߡ



һĿССָӹ١
һλѡֱһλѡ֣ŵѡͷǳߺ׼ǵСΪССָӹ٣λ˵Լǰʱָǽе򶪽Ͱڡ̵ʱĻʤ

ߺɷ򶼺ΪѣɽĿպ̺ϡ
⺢ӣԴǽͷǳųǱܡ
ŵʱԼ굽һ

ʱ߻ʱӡ
СѣѾˣ֪費Լ裬ų

ҪˣϷǲμˡ˵
ߵɷжǷ֣ߣҡ

߰ڰ֣νġ

ĵͷ·ѹǧصʯͷ
ǰ鲻Ͷֿƽ󣬲ûֳʲô۶ӣûãǰҲµļͥ
ߣʶ֪మ˳µ£һӼм䣬ί
μ⵵Ŀڣ۷׷ףΪ߱ƽΪҵõģһУ

ʱ۵׵Ȼתպ̺һԡ

̺̣μĿ𣿡ʡ

պ̴̺

˵ְҪ˵Һֿˣǻһ۰㡣߰̽ǰְֵѡǺ뷨ԸһǣΪСѣҲӦذְֵѡ𣿡

պ̺ŴԼѡ񣬰ְҲԼѡ񣬿Ǻ̡̺ѡ񡣡
أ˺һӵְ趼ļң̺ҲԶǼһӡǺ̺ңְ裬СѶҪࡣ

պ̺ƶǶͷ

ЦЦμӱǾ¥ְֺͰ̺̻̿һΣǺ̺Լѡ񣬿𣿡

պ̧̺ͷվһԵߡ

μӡڣ̺Сһȥμӱòã

ߺӣ΢΢ᣬ۵οЦ⡣
·ߣǳˣȻѾѡȥӦþԼź

ĸ죬˺ĻǺӰɡ̶̺ñԼĲܱĵ׺á
Сʱ飬ʱְˣһ׶԰ȵ춼˻ûӡ˺ܾãʦϵǣǻǻжΣ˵ΪԷѾˡ
¥ϵĽãʱôСһ˴׶԰СѶְߣһɡ
ϣԺÿһڽ֮ǰܿÿһԷ֮ǰҲҪ嶯¡ӵǺܴеģҿ̺ãһú衣
ְ̺̰ͦõģûвͷһֱ֮鶯֮һŮһӣмͦġ
ʵҲһֱã뺢ܻܵġ
ߺܲףԿó̺Ѿ֮ǰôųˣϣһܹصƿ

ҪССָӹСȥԱСͰһڴܵͰǰ

ҡͷУұ㡣
ʲôЦղѾô಻ϷˣԼķ˿Ѿĳɶͼ
ôҲᣬһĿȻǱĪȥͶ
ܾ

Ī룺Ҫұ㣿
УıöңˤˣֵѡҡˣҪؼҡ

ҪˣҺͰô죿Īʡ
ֲ𣿡һָվȺпҪʯĹỳǣΪʲô 

ỳǣ
ʣʾί

ְ֣Ѿһܹȥְ

ŵĨͣˡ

һз̫죬Ī붼ûӦѾƵỳǰ

ỳ£׼

ǵСվͶϡ

СͰƨƨˡ

ɡỳǲվԼĪ˵

Ԥ

Īεıϡ
û취СӶѾƴˣΪúʧ

ȵỳɵرվ֮󣬹ԱὫһͷϡ
Īֻ߱ڵǰֻʣһƬ졣
һ룬ʼǰߣÿһüᶨ

޾ǲһ䡣
ƽʱܾӰܸ䣬ֻҪڹߣͻԵСˡԷ̫ÿˣĸyyds
ĺ˧СվһҲᱻȥҺСһȣԵøгͻȻûŶ͹˾᲻úڣμӽĿ
¥˭˵޾ģҿ챻طͽЦˣ˵ĺܲĬط㻹Сֳˡ
Ŀ̫Ϊˣ˼󱳲˵Ϸ
ȻѾˣͻĲ̫𡭡ǻҸо壬ͬ£ֲŮѣʿ

ͰĿתضŰְ衣
ְֺøߣʱ治ɫߵúÿ죬ôߵģ

Сӳ׼ʱڰְ赽Լǰʱ

ĪֻܴӺҰСѾ
СѾĲ֣һһңʱʱҪı

ڹỳǵͳɶ

ǰʮӷ򡣡

Īģ򶪳ȥ
һߣԼСԴӱҵʶһ

顪

ڵһ£𽥹Զ
СһȦ

ϵĻ״ϽͶ
ֻҲûͶ׼һСģе򶼵ڵϡ

αϽһͶһߺվȡ
еͶʱԭ̧첲ͰȥӵģʵϰְһվסСһɵˣվñֱ

ûסΪʲôҪúվסšطĸ첲

СסվڲԶЦͣ

żɡͣ

үҲһĻһ඼ɤۡ



صķϵֿ۳ӡ
˿ǵķתˣûκĪ룬෴ĪĺսسƯһ䡣

գЦˣʮ֮ǻͬһϡ
ǶѾˣУ֮žϵǣֻԼĸ鲻䡣
˵ǰС㣬ҲǻҪԶôȥ

˳ֱ䡣

֮ǰûпעĪš
ֻйĪĲ²ʵ̫ˣЩŷз֪һЩ

˵Īɷ鲻ͣڰ
ǡ

ֱڹỳǱϵѹͲ˵

Сʶ꣬Ī˽ⲻ

ĪԸ񣬺Ѷ˳顣
ղŹỳĪǰʱǣ۵ȴżЦ⡣
ϷʱϣҲ

ܼ޸ỳǣͱʾ֮䲻ûиġ
ȻⲢ֮ûκ⡣

˵꣬Ī״̫á
ʲôԾأ
첲֧ڴϣһֻã



裬׼СӱͰ̵Ĺ£ٴ׼

ڹỳǱϵĪʾ׼

Ѿ˶һˡ
ԣʤʲôֻǽĿһССĻѡ
ڰУȴǲһġ

СҪõ˶һĻ峵ӽĿõʹ߳ĸоȫһġ

Īϣġ
ỳҲˡ

΢ƫỳ˵ܿĽ𣿡
ܡĪ뿴˫ɫСЬͶȥ𣿡

ỳ˫ַȣøһЩͶ

ݡһ£ĪͶ

СԲ۾ķС־Ͱ

ǰˣ

˰ְֵĻС붼û룬Ͱǰݡ
ֺĺӣСֺСȴúܣһǰһԾžડһ졣

ŵԼͰ

ӮӮ

ỳǽĪ£һѱϲֵСӡ

ţתִĪĺὫ§ԼĻС

Īļ΢΢һûӦͱůĻС
ǾΥӵ

ˣ߲̫ˣ
ӰϸһѾסˣ
ǱһĺȻҲúгء
һͶأҪڶ˵ڶҲС
˵ģαȻŬȻûӰһôĬ
Ѿǰˣ׻Զ𣿸ϽһϷǿӣֱ俴ż磬һĹ

ְ裡Ӯ

ӴСٴɶ

ĪժͷϵĺСӾϲС
̧ͷֿǳЦ⡣

ᣬĻ
ỳȻɿ֣СȲشյĪձߣ𣬴ССĺߡ

󡪡

һǣӡƯϡ
ĪЦۣԼգֹ˹СӵıǼ⡣

ỳǴĪǰǻһ˰һڡ

࣡

С¶һСЦġ
ҸС

ʱԱŻͲһѾԲ˽䱳ϱĻʤǰСһң

Դ
˵õССָӹأ

Ī붢ԼеĺһãȻ
˽ϱ

ỳҲס
˭˽䣿




30.  30   ˸į

ǳ⡣
ССָӹ, ôͻȻû

Сת߿ְ֣תұ߿裬Ƕһã, СԴʺžԽԽˡ
պط㱾ΪûͶָԷףԱĻ, ǡ͡һŶЦ
ԽЦԽ, ЦĻ

ֻЦЦţطͻȻ͹ỳǶӡ
˽ĵĿ⣬죬õЦݱȥ, ǵͨ졣

ỳǣ
Ҫ, ֻһϷѡ

ֱĹ, ҲãȻлع񣬵Ļ֡

ʵһ仰ˡ
ղŻ˵ССָӹٵϷ, ôͻȻ͸ˣ˵õĲһ֪˽䱳ϱϷ, ӰŲϺ˭Ҫ˽ϱ
Ү, ˽һһʤ
Ͱһ, һӰƯղҿ˽ְҲ̽ͷȥ, Ҫھͷǰһ, 촽΢΢һ࣬Ǳ˽̵ְúࡣ
˽ְֹƺУʵϰ廹裬ܾܾ˽ְ, ǰʲôˣвУôȵСѣôܱСء
ǰʧȥָӹͷεĴпȫ֪ԼѾ˽ŮСС

ǵġʵϰĸ˶ڵβڿʼɼ˹ỳǺĪһۣʼ佱

ܡͰǰĿиһ֡
һ˽䱳ϱĿУ̵ʱͶһ򣬰ٵһ֡

֮غ缸ͬһʱͶһ򣬸ð֡

ֻ˵ڶʧ˵
ЦڶҲܰ
£̧֣ơ

Ī绹ˡ
ȵ֮£˧С֪ԴһЦٳûջԼߡ

ͷҪcp𣿡
̫ȣȵÿ˻һͣΪ˧ЦݣһļƤҪˡ
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ϣ粻Ҫͻcpһе̫壬Ա߿ءߺĵδŮδ޵ģǵȷѡ󣬵ǣǰպְƵ𣿡
ҪĿĵľûо籾˾ʵůcp̫ܺøˡ

㣬εĺ죬ϣлٺ档硣
裬Ҫȥ콱ˡ϶˵Ķӡ

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ѾŬˣǲûӮõһС˵ûбˣպ̴̺᲻

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СкܹŻͷɥպ̺콱̨塣
Сܵ÷ɿ죬ʱСܵܵĻ

ԭҲнȽ

콱̨ϣպ̺̺վһεż⡣
ԱŽ״Ʒ̨֣µؽС

ڱУȡκҪھн߾ȫҪλСѷǳʤܲ٣ϣһε˶УܿǵӰһӮʤֲֻܼиһʤĹʵ

պ̺̺Сֱͨͨ
ÿһμӱСѶϣܵõһȴսŰܡĴĿȻûгɹʧòˣҲҪμκαˡ
ڣԱȴǣʧҲҪΪѾˡ
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ϲˣ̨

Ц˵Ժ˻Ҫޱ𣿡
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պ̺ҲŽ״ͽƷ̨һ
ͻ𣿡ɷĹ£ʡ
ѽСѰѽƷø̿ԥһ£С˵ǻؼһ𣿡

¶һĨůЦ⣺ãؼһ

ǵڶߵİ佱õȽ״һССޣܣΪѵγչ¶ΧŨȤĿ׼׺һ塣
Ƕ㣬߸˵վڼװ佱̨£ȴһȽĻ̨콱

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Сһ㲻˼ֻСֱԲĶͦţһСɲ

̨ŴŴķӣỳǺĪǶԾЦ⡣

һȽĻߣõһ峵ĽԱ˵ԼϹھ

ԱһۺɫĿŻ峵ƵǰţһĽ˹ȥ
һֻŻ峵֣һֻֽעɢÿһϲòˡ

ͷЦһ£Ӱʦٵǰ

СԴԼĽͻ峵ϸоæ
¶С˫ȴûпͷ
µĹԱСסǱӶ֣һšżˣʱʱ̧ͷһϧؿԼĽ»峵Ửߣֱæҡ

˽һɴȥ콱ˡ
ǷܵЦݰɣǰ޲ŽؼңʲôƬ
峵úõģỬߣܲܲҪٹˣ˵ӦǰһεõɣƽʱСɢССѶŤŤƽ⳵г峵ʲôġٿ̣ǰúÿ
ʵ̫ɰˣСӺ

佱ʽڽˡ
ỳһֱ𰲰һ𻬰峵СӺıһ̨

Сױһ㣬ԼõĽݵְǰ
Ҳչ̾ƯôС͵õˣְôСʱ򣬻ء


ܣö˶˵ģΪʲôҪ˵ҡ
˽ְ֣ȥϲһ飬ҴСͳɼ죬ù־󽱣ƴѧţ
ôĹܣĸǰȻֻǸ͵̣衣
Ǹ˧ܣҪǽĿ鲻ˣڿ˽ñӣʵժȥˡ

˶ԲСǸظҡ
ԼСڻ峵ϣҲҪýһ滬峵Ŀ֡
˱ģ֣ȥСֻСְȭս峵֣һͽؼҡ

˼ңĪ뱧Űںá
Ƿ֮Сƺ̫⡣

ԴС裬ϿԺͽһ˯𣿡
ỳ붼û룺ãͽ˯ְֺ˯

ⲻǿ׶԰ĳҪ³
ñ̽һ£ǲǰ찲ڰְм˯СˣܿˣСϻԼ䣬
ͻȻðְãԸñһ˯ǰӰңĺҸ
ҼСҲѾˣ˴ҸӷַһЩСӣر᲻úֿҲ⼸ˣȺٴһЩҪ˯ǶԸء
¥ϵģͬ˵ǲһġ

ȷʵһ
ʱͱ¶ԺſڵСڳɳĹУܸܶٵ飿
¶ԺԺʦȷʵ۰ǣųӲԼİֵܷٹĺͰ

СһЩѾǲˣֻ֪Լ𣬾ͺ͹¶ԺСһס
ÿӶһŴʱʦӡ
ɱůҲȺͰְһů

һֱֻŽһֱֻ衣СӿŹỳǣ˵ְַİɣԵģ

ỳ
ģĵúܡ

һĻүӵüͷ̧̧
ӵĸȷʵá

СѾͷǲǵҪʲôģ˵
Դ룬Ȼ۾һݳ

԰Цóһװղſڱ̾Ȱݳųˡ

һүӸҪȴͻȻϰϡ

һȽ裬ȹٽ˵
׼ֱӸСӵġɸղСμ˶ʱȴͻȻĿĹԱ˵Ŀչİš
룬ȸǷӣȽĿٸӣ塣

ݳڻðְ迴Сȹϵꡣ
⣬ȹϵһſС

裬ҿԴ𣿡

ĪŰط䣬Ӵݳ
ٳʱСӱǣУҵ

ǰƯ
Сټ𣿡
ȹ̿һ

ֻСȹڣС䣬գ۾һʾ
ֻͻȻ֮䣬ͷԼСѾ˼
ûдЬѽ

ȥЬϸСһ˫߸Ьϵģ

д⣬СѾȽƯĸ߸Ь̤Ьӣһֻ׾С죬ҡҡڰڵȥٱߡ

ÿСѶĸ߸ЬѾðɣСʱҲϲĸ߸Ьÿα跢֣趼Ҫѵң񰲰һᣡ
СѻǾ˵ЬŶ˽ţô˿ŰҪȻҲΣѽ
찲Բˣغůһޡ

߸ЬյģСÿһɻǷǳ˷ܡ
ʱСټϰںãһذµһ

ֵúϲ£죬ø첲ϰ飺öá

̣˵ǰҵһǺ𣡡
Ȼǰҵ˫СֵǱټҿģֻҪúϰԺ˵Сټء
ʲôСټҰǵʿӹɣblingblingһ̫̫ˣСؼѽ

ɣ
үӳĬãû취˵һ㡣

ûصһۡ
үӰͷƲȥֻżعͷĬĬؿСѾͷһۡ

Ļ湣һĹǡһҪǿүү

ʲôĸĸôɰС㣿пһ뵽ҪԼȥе᲻á

ص
ỳǺĪһۣûг

ԭүү̲֪Ǹ¶ΪиļңȽĿͻᱻְӻؼҡ
Ϊʲôүүأ
ûɣӶߣʵϰĸ˵Щ
ͻȻŰˣأĿǧҪôԸһֱһֱȥ



ĿĿ黹ǰ˷ḻ
ÿ춼òֺҪȥ̼߰ҡ桱٣˯ʱԼĽš

ðְַģְֻǷſģᶼҲϴ¶úѡ
ΪСӻҪһλãñӵ˫˴ѩϼ˪

ͻġcpûѣҲӪŷתء
ԶڽǵĻӳ֪֮ȷʵãĲãΪԴס
ŸİϷ

ֲûаְ֣ΪʲôҪһİСĿ㲻СŮˣҲǵһνȦӣ˶֪

ӳķŭеڷչͬ
Щӿһί

;ͬ飬һΣӳǾ

ĿμĽĿ𣿡粻ŵʡ

ӳƬ̣ԡ
ڽǣżͼеĸĸϵ
˵ỳ˽Ŀ֮ԼҼŴӰǷǳġ
ôõĻᣬҲӦô

ͻĸǳߵһ𣬵浱ǰǻѡЭ
죬ӳԼ˻Ʊ

һߣʤ¡˫ǡλŮݣֱĪ
ӰĹٷ˺ȷʾλŮϷеȺûκηλ֮˷˿ǾҲûط
֮Īķ˿Ƕˡ

ĪõԴˣҾ֪ʧģ
һʱͲ״̬ѣֻĪѡ籾󾫣Ƭѡ
ǺصĵӰΪҵۣǿˡ
ǲ֪᲻ĪȣϾݼϺµġ
ǶΪĪӵôõľ籾ģΪʷ˿ǧҪΪ۸ĪкڡϣĪԺúദŮǴʵƷŶ

Īķ˿Ǻܿʹһ£ߣȻҲһ˭ԸԼżϺȡ
ͨһεĹףλӰֱıֻ֣ӪҵѡϾҪĵӰܵáƱ

˿ǲ֪ǣΪԼżģǽ֮ദʱλӰѾԼųźؿȡ
ΣĪ붼ǴŰȥġ

Ҫ֪Ī궼ʲôӾڱϣգŴ۾ţʵڲöʡ
ˣģҲѾȤ

İǵһ㣬һӵİԡ
㲻֪ƽʱЩԣҶû˷˵ȦҪҵʵ̫ˡ

Ī̲סЦˡ
ڵСʱ򼸺ûб仯
мʮ꣬һǻܺͶʱһԱ˴̹

ĪԴ
һΣСӸһһԽĵѡ

İԣĪп귭̫ͬˡ
ǰһСģǶᷭ͡һЦ

㷭ˣҾ͡
㷭ˣҾ͡

ͬ˵Ц
Ǳ˴˶֪Է£˭Թۡ
ֻϣԶôһ졣

㷭ˣҾ³ͺڷ۶˺ȤǰҲǷȦҲŲء

˵Ī֣ѵһأĪ룬Сʱһҡ

Щ꣬ĪϣһһЩ̫õ顣
ǿҲ֤ҪһڣԼһ



Ŀֻʣ¼ʱˣϣӳĿ鹫Ԣ
һֻ䣬һֻŸ

󣬰Ͱְ¥滬峵ÿˣŻ峵Ươ
ʱСӿʼˣ˵Լ߲Ӳðְֿš

ỳӦҪĪѺӱԼļϣֿʼ桰Ϸ
ڣỳǴŰĪקŻ峵һݻؼҡ

һˡ

ڵſڣӳһ̧ͷȵỳǣ
ڰְּϵİһ۾Ϳ۰ͰͶš

ỳ΢΢ף䵭شкһʮ¥ʹźӺ

ʶĪʡ
İְ֡ỳ˵Сʶ̫Ϥ

ʱĹỳǣŵ棬һϽû档
ӳ£ֵǣӾ治һȥͺǵһһҪܡ
Сʱ˼ӳܣðѶӲҲǼˡ

һתۣʮȥˡ

İְ֣ĪЩ⣬ͷһۡ

⻰Ҳתͷ
һֱ߰װпСע⵽ӳ
УǸ©ְֹ˾ˡ

Сӹգ˵ϲİְ֡
ỳЦˣҲϲǲ

ĪʧЦ
ôɵİְ֣



Ŀֻʣʱˡ
һõĿ񿨡

һСѴŰְȥй
ȻϣͰְһ𣬹ỳǾҽŲ棬ٻع˾Ӱࡣ

װĪ͹ỳǳСЬ֮󣬻۲ضűߵĻ峵

ﻬ峵ȥĪ˵
Сˣ˵ҪɢۻŻ峵ؼҵġ
һΣԲ

ίͰ͵ؿỳǣְ֡


ȥĸУȥŻ峵
뿴ﻬ峵ȥУһСŮಡһž͹ȥˣһ쪣
СŮ쪣󡭡
ôɰķӣ˭ľܾءҸҸǴģְǾ˵һֵģ

Ӻ󣬰Ż峵֣ಡһš
ݿڶˣСӡડһšɲǰͣ¡

ְۡҲģŮ峵ײϰˡ
ְֻ̫ˣûһ磬ֱ䣬һһء
Ϲ˹ģҪǸӸߣƷҲãеС˧
֮ǰû֣ǿ˶ѣͻȻġֱǴڴڴ
һҺͰһҶҪȥУǲҪĵ˫ˣ
ѵǶϴƵʱ̬ж䵭𣿸оûʲôÿĵġأĲĲ

ɲͣ峵
һ˵ذڰС֡

Ϻѽ
Ϻѽ

㣬Ǳһ죡

Сȴкʱ򣬻ӳشŰ
ڼүҪμӽĿ֮ץʱһЩĿеƬΡ
ӣΪҵǣйǵġ
ҲỳǺĪֱȶȲôߡ

ҪߣҲϷ绯ġ ùĹ¡
˵ĸ飬ԼŲܵĺӵȵȡ
Ŀʣ¼ʱ䣬㹻ģ򶯹ڡ

һ룬ӳǣ֡
һ۵Ȼ漴ϲ

ְֺǣ֣Ϊʲôôܳ
ղǳ緹ʱְ顭˵ǲϵ˽Ů취ô
òѻɣ
ǵģǵֻͥãڴ忴䲻ְְɣóӰְֻǺŬԸ⽫ĸŮӻؼҵġҲĿˡ
Ҿ绹ͦġӶˣ˵ܣʲôȥˣʲôˣôصŵڹyue
Ҳеֵֹģȥɡ

ӳȻķӦ⡣
ѧŹỳǵӣһЩùǿǵƬʱ̧ͷһۡ

ӳһ㶣漴¶ƵЦݡ
˭֪Сֻһתաȥҹỳˡ

֪ʲô룬ûҰְ˧Ү
ȻѡΡߺ·۹ȷʵôһģǿϲˣ˵ְ̡֡衢ȫ˲İ
ˣСڹؼʱ̲ӣ
ֻһ⻬峵𣿿Ļ峵ݿ֮ʽˡ

ֱǵĵûСӵ˵˵߾ߣһ֮󣬻峵ͱְˡ
ͬʱеģаСѡ

Īϵһ̣û뵽ô췢
Ц⣬˫ֱ󣬿żǰеĹỳǣȫûҪæ˼

оСⲻԶһ·йȥ
ӳһǣ֣Ϊᱻٳģֻ˭֪ǳ˱塣

ֱ˵עڰһϡ



һУỳǾ͸Լ¡
СӿԼϲԵĶߣֻѡ

СΪʲôѽ

Сӷ˵źһ˫ۻգգ͵ģƹˡ
ǣվڸǰǰְ衣

һϣĪ͹ỳǵһ¡

Ϊ׬Ǯ࣬ҪҪġϲĶĪ˵

Ӱ͹ӣܺӰɣ
ʵϰĸǲ˽۹ôӣϴιܴСȥ˳ͺעؽǮһĪҲһ
ӦþǷĺĬɣһУֿʼľӼǣÿÿ

ĳвû̫ˣſֵĪ뻹Ǳһ˿ϳ

Ī룬ĺϲ㣬ճʱѾĵӰˡɲԺһźգ
ԱסǸա

˿ǳʧ̲ס˵ˡ

Сܿóϲ衣
֣С

ĲСԱû˵꣬ͱĪϡ
ûϵİɡЦ˵

˿ϲ⣬óֻģʽֻΪţܻңһСְ
״ỳǽֻӹҰİɡ

˿һϲлл

ỳǽֻͷ׼ǣꡱü¡

˿ûֻ֮ǰ̲סСԴʾл
СӾһֻճ˵СèܱԴЦеӡ

֮Ī뽫øһЩ

ӳǱߣѾƷ
˱ȣƽʱֵģ

ָָϵһõЩ̫ˣƽʱ֡
˵ţҪȥãɺȻԼĴס

̧ͷʱ飬Ρ

ҵŮҵĺӾҪõġӳ磬Щ࣬ίˡ

ͻỰ⧲
΢΢һ㶣ۿʱʪ

ʱӳ§ס
Բ۾

ӳַֻƬ̣ջأ㶵תʲôְִȥ
ָ𣿡

ȻӳЦһŹﳵȥߡ

ֺ졣
һôãӶѾˣ棬Լôܡ
һ̣صƿޱҸ

ϻӳĲ

ӳǰţ¶һĨ޵Ц⡣
оỳǺĪֱƬܹôϲһΪ˵εǶ԰䣬Ϊǲᡣ
һЩССĶΪǹעϸڣղ
һ̫࣬һ̫٣ʱ̣Ѿѡ

ȵԼӪޱʱĸףͻᰲĽҵĲҵˡ
ӳÿһúȣԴӺŮʱı飬Ҳһɷס
ΪֱѾˣȻ˭֪һֱ̣ĵĻͲôһ¡

˵ģϷеҮҸо֮ûʲôcpУǺܰӡ
е㱰΢벻ףŮôˣϽ֧
ǹ䳬У翴Ұְ䳬Сڵңڹﳵϵĺ޲еߡ
ǣϽȥֱ䣡
ڹֱܵþʣ˽ְϱ
Ҫ˵˽ˣƻУô˧Ҫ˽䣬̫ˡ
ڳףףǹף׶԰׻Ǵѧף
Ϸô׵ģ󲻳ȥǲҪ̫ڴܾӰ͹ܻƵģһϲһհ

ֱȶһӾͽȥ
ʱ˿̵ĻӳԾڰ衣
һ߳תͷ磬¶һֳЦݡ

ֻϧӳ֪Լ˸į
Ѿתսڣ´ܺӰΨ׳档




31.  31   Сսʿһ衣

һӿ밲ֱ䡣
ֱȶȶʱ, ҶΪӰ͹ܵϷġ

Щ꣬Ī˺ܶӰ
Ҳвٷ˿·ΪӰƬŮľᣬɵӰپİ¶Ǽٵ, ӰϹȴģ

һֱĪϷϷ, ˽ɫͲٺκԱӪҵȥڰ佱ʱ, ˲ǲǵͣΪ飬ɵỳǳֱ󣬴ƷԼĲ²⡣
ỳ, ˾ԲΪӦ, ƥһµС, 氮ϵİ
ڹ˵Ӱҵֱȶ, һΪɰһ, Ӱ͹ܵcp̫ÿˡ
ܲھͷǰԼ, Ҳ, ˼Ҷϱ, ȫĳ, ϸﶼܿٳ

⼸죬Ī͹ỳcpۺԮֱȡ˲ƬΣǣС֡§С˼ǰޡǰ˶ϣ˻ˣ
˭뵽֮û죬ڴѾõϷ, Ȼˡ

ĹڴޱȣֱĻüʱỳǴյĪǰһ׵ĳ档

⣿⣿
˵õأֻ𣿡
Բԣ¥ϵĽ̫Ͻˣⲻû׵
ӰҲ̫˰ɣһֱӶ㿪ܵ׹ǿûУƬ׼ȥݣߺߡ
ΪʲôҿףҪ˰

ҿģǹỳǳ׼ʱһȥҪĪյһĻ
ȻһĻͻȻģһ

ʱѾѡԼϲСʳߣﵽְĶˡ
ֻ˭֪СһתȻֱһʳ˵ʳʵҲ棬ƳСͰİװУͰװ˺ɫɿһתɿܵǳϰ
ỳΪСǰҪԼԭ˵СֿͰɿ̾һŵ»ؼҡ

ɾŵĪͷһ
»أ»
Ŀʣˣл麢ӵ뾡ܵ㰲Ը
򣬵Сӻص¶ԺԼʱͰɿ᲻ѹ

뵽ĪǱ
ܹʧȥӵζҪٴξ
аСһ»صСĵطǻӦǾùµ

£Ī˵ҲԼϲĶĻҰһø𣿡

ǻỳǸҪ˵Ī벻ԭ򣬺ؿȻòɫ
ôһ˲סˡ
ط֪֮޷±˴ˣ顣ɻһʱ䣬¶ı顣Ȼ𽥱
ỳǺĪֻصǸ׶ΣӦδ߳ȴͻȻĻ

Ү

Сӱڹﳵϣʱ̽Сֽ§סĪ롣
ţĿקһڡ

ĪͱЦˣ԰׵ɫҲָ
һĻỳüչ漴׼ʱѧŰӺ

ֻմǰҪףվͱϸƵһߡ

ỳǣ
ΪʲôףҲԣ

Īһ㣬ɴ䣬һȦıʧЦ

Ҷˣ͸ҿ
ȻĻĽǶǱ⵳ղ˵ϱҹ͸ˣʲôûУ
Ҹղž˵Ҫ̫ϣϾӰĺú
ȻӰܻǺģһ׼ʱҪϱױҾãĿ죬ǿιܣ
׼һǶûѣҸѡ
ܺó谡ƿˣЦûз֣ЦʱиȣĪЦرǷ룬ֿĵˡ
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ӳ﷭һɾĳ߽ϴ裬ߴٵȥˢʱ䡣



һ磬û緹ͲŰְæСʳ
Լ£ʳһ꣬һֻܳһ㣬СڿȲ

ỳóڳġСͰɿ¶һѾı飬ͷĪ롣

Īдžܾ
ִֵֹĶļ֡

ỳֻðæСͰ

ڴѣ۾ҪˣӹСͰ˵ллְ֣

СͰƵ÷ǳ棬гˮתťʦͨһšһźɫɿ䡣
ԼС

Ī̲סҪֹ

С裬ˢ
˵꣬ҧɿ¶Цݡ

ĪĬĬתͷ۲Ϊ

ỳǵ뷨Ī࣬Ա
ӿľͺá

ζŰСͰСͰɿ֮ջߣɨŷߵ񿨡

дһдְ֡Сȥǵһμĵط

ĪҲһۣԥȥϰɣҴ
Ҫ㰲Ȱ˯ټӰࡣûỳǲ䣬ûôæ

ˣһΪܲȥأֱΪһڵĻԽԽʣڵӰѾ㲻ˣ
˹ܣеĺְܶˡһϰ࣬׬ǧǮһ۵òеӣֻֻ֪ϷһӶԸСܣ˼ҹǴţԸʱ㰲ֻں˯ʱ˯֮Ź
ֱɰְֺϹ
äһ£ܺӰӦʶģ
ҲҲĲӰʱʶģĪԱͶʷҪȻĲ²ʲô



Żӳ԰ſڡ

ǹ԰
һμĵصڹ԰ô𣿡
Բһ£崿ĻҹͺŹӸ׹밮ӣз»ҹ޷Լ磬Ǩ԰Լᡭ
ǣǲҪκƫѵⲻһÿ𣿡

ǰְһμĵطӳЦŶŮ˵벻ȥ棿

ۣͷ԰ܡ
ֻ˼ͻȻ뵽ʲôֵ˵Լϵˮ裬ˮտյġ

ͷӳ

ӳһǸ
ղˮϣʹˣ˿ûˮ

ûϵȥСһƿȪˮȽȥɡӳ˵

԰
֪ԭһݣҲԭĻӳûȫġɼˣŵϵˮζʱԾɳء
ԭڸ߿հģؾ׹һ㡣

裬ͰְֲСӣǰΪʲô԰ѽʡ

类Ů۵ϣعڵʱû¸ɣְ˵԰һǾˡ
ڹ԰ʲôۣʡ

ʱӳƿȪˮܹ
ȸŮˮٿһƿ磺ˮɡ

ӹȪˮһڡ

ղںʲô
裬ǰڹ԰ʲôѽ

ӳ𴽽ǣ¶пЦݣǱߵǧͻ𣿵ʱء贩ŰȹӣһǧİȹŷƮ

棺ԭҲǧ

˵ǰ˰ǻ⹫԰ҰְͣźܶԵĹҪһϲѶû뵽һϲ⣬Ƶһ費Сĵˣұסһ죬һˡ

ƶǶСȥǧ

ӳ֣ȴûע⵽ԾҪء

Сѣ㲻ҪǧǧǸŪõģᶼûɡɨϴүżغ
ֵתԴôǸõأһûʱ򣬰ְѽ

ϴүһĪôܣ⹫԰ǰûǧ֮һʾѣſʼ޽Ķͯ԰

ӳתͷ磬ҲǴǰĲ԰ɣ

ûֻҡҡͷźȥ߿СѼȥ

򣿿һ԰ȫࣿ
ԾǼǴ˹԰Ǹûôһ£
һμĵص㶼Ǵˣʲô谡ղ˵ĳȹƮʱһ㱻жˣúɬ¶
ղ˵ڹ԰һμ棬˵ѣְûһ滰
ѵһֱԼ˵Ѽϲ⣬ͺжƵġ
ܾﲻζְ־ǲĵģ
Ҹое㲻̫һˡһʼϹʱǱ΢ӣڣܾھʲô

ǲôúŪģһӾ;ûˣˢĲתսֱ䡣



ỳǿĪͰǵһѧ

ǱǵصаΪʲôҪ
֪ĪĸУǰĪܲɷõʱȻͨտӰѧԺģǷ˿ʱϧ˵гɼôã㲻ӰѧԺҲϺõĴѧ
ĪŶر͵ܿôõĸУӦóһѧ谡
ʲô첻ȥְһμĵط𣿡

ֱĹһͷˮҲһЩ˲²Ī͹ỳǵͬѧ

Уɴô𣿡
ͬѧѾʮ˰

ڴʱỳǺĪ뵱İδӰ칫ҳصӭǡ

ʦѾǿݵͣͷЩˣҲ˲ƣ⿴üģܿóǸİΡ

һỳǣʦ̧֣ı㻹
ỳЦˣһ㣺ʦڿɲ巣

ʦûǰҲ巣ҪȻôƤĺӣͿˡ
£ֿĪ룬Ц棺ĪҲˡ

ʱĿ䵽ԴԼİϡ
ʦҪСȵ

ʦѽ

ʦЦˣຢӵԴߣȥҰ칫

û뵽Ӱͬѧ
оʦаҵİΣȻ԰༶ܺӺֺ۰ղšᡱܵӣǺϤŲء
ԹܺĪǸͬѧһͻȻÿˡ
ܲʦṩһǣһͺã

ʦһ·Īֻذ칫ҵġ
ôˣѧ̡
ỳȻƤѧϰɼȴãμӸ񽱣ʦǰƤЦģرϲ

Ī룬һʦͺۡ
ʱ⺢ӵĸ׻칫˺üأһαһηƫʮĪ룬ɷףĪĸȴ˿û˼
¹ؽ칫ҵţѧڽϰĪͬѧǰҪ̧ͷ

һۣʮȥˡ

ʦãӸһʼ˵ȥĻ䣬Ҷޱȸп
ֻΪԹȺڵİС°ͿڰְֻԴſգ˹걻ȥݵСѡ

ʦ֣˹ָԼ칫ϵƬһıҵա

Ӱʦֱͷ׼ҵա
Ī͹ỳǿűҵеı˴ˣЩ

ŵڶŮĪ𣿺Ư̫ɬ˰ɡ
УӺ崿Ǳе䣬ѧУÿ˶Ҫ࿴۵УһмλõǹܰɣǰӾͺøˣüۺ䣬ͷö̶̵ģ˧ء
ǰѧУ﾿ǲһԣΪʲô˵
ʦû˵ƾͨͬѧɣǵߵһġϾǼĪʱô˶ý嶼ûڵʲôϣӦȷʵǵ

Һ滹һڿΣܴǹһˡʦź
˵꣬Ī뵽һߣЦ˵˼仰
ȥС档

˵ʲô
ʲôvipܿģ仰Ҷ˵ˣ

ȥϿ֮ǰʦһŷȥһ䣬ʳóԸ
һеУ԰ִƯ̻ҲúãĶǴУ鱾ѧ

ỳǺĪ벢ţѧǵע⡣
Ůѧ˽̲סǿֿ

ǽӸˡỳָŲԶǽ档
ĪЦЦûǽȥˡ

ỳҡҡͷƨڵѧûϺʱ

ڰְСӣ˸Ƿ
ѧУǺܺ档

ʦŹỳǺĪûע⣬Ľһȥղʦ˵ʲô
СӾԲ۾ͷԴǵ˵

ʦһӰŵԼ󣺡ڿ˵𣿡

ۣʦ̫ˣ
Сֲɵصֻûйأ
ǰɾˣҾΪְ豣ܡ
أ֪ʦ˵Щʲôˡ

ҡҡͷСͱϡ
ܰѰְ˵ȥ
Ҳܸ߱ˣǰϲʳĳȳְ־ʹСȳ˷ŵװʳð̸ʢ˺ööࡣ
ô֪ѧְ߻ңԼƨƨܻгԼҡ
Щܣʦ˵ˣ˵ȥĻӰ첻ã

СѶʦĻ

̵СҲ̫˰ɡ
ˣȻʲôû˵ѾĵˡУ԰ʱڵĹˣûУ԰Ĵͣ
ǣԸһͰɿ
һ䲻Ļ䣡
¥ϵģǶħҲ뿴Ͱɿˡ

⼸ҵĸĸҲźȥǵһμĵط
˼ȥһ¥˵ڼʮǰֻһССĲݡ꣬ôȥˣݲţԽԽã涼˲١

طͽմȥǵѡֳ빤ԱƬΣƵ˶ԳʱĬ޼䡣֪ԭطѡʱ͹˾æĽվѾһ顣

ߺǻչʶģһΣǴźҲȥһչ
պ̺̺ϲְֺͰ̽ЩŨȤ

ÿһҶܸܰоõЩְǶమġ
ôݵط㣬ʱһݳʱ۾Ҳȫϡ
ǰһ飬˵ڻУ޹ϵӦôӹϵһ㣬ʵϰĸǶúܺáǸְܵమģӦûаȫС
ʵôຢ棬ǰڰְаȫеģҲǰɡ



һϣͰɿˡ
СӾúÿϧſաͰš

ĪúʧģʵûʲôҪģȥ򡣡
ؾеĿպӡ

ͰСỳܾ

С˱䣬䣬ΪɿͰеί

ȥһŤŤòãĪ򿪹ݵǰ

СӶƵܿ˺һ𽥷Ͱ
еĶ

𣿡
氡

ĪѡŤŤɫͿʽ׼µỳסˡ
ˡ˵ѾϣҲõŷԶĻղˡ

Īסˣתͷ¶
һΰĿʲôʱڽĿտʼûʱ
ԴǴ֮СҲûʹ

Ҳÿ춼ңѾ¡
Ǽǵá

ߡỳվ԰˵ְȥ򡣡

Үݡһ¾ܵűߴЬȥˡ

źӻıӰỳǺĪƬ̡

ְӦú۰ɡ
ԽۺӣԽã
һ£Ŀûˡ֪ʱҪͰع¶Ժʱʲôĳ档
ʱ򰲰𣿿Ŀôʱ䣬Ҽպ̶̺޹Ҳں͸ĸ绰֮ᡣֻа̫ˣûпҲû֣һֱǹԹԵġ
Ŀ˰ɣʱǧʲôµĳ棬ҪȻĻء

ϣỳǺĪŰȥ̳߳ŤŤ
ŤŤǷɫģܹѿŷתͣǰ

һСͣ

ۣȻС֣ǰơ

˼з¥ɢϰߣʱÿСյ𾢵һˡ

վһԺͣǰһСһڸʲôأ

С֣ڵѽûֵأ

˼ǰȥ
ỳŤŤĪڱϴߡ

ֵˣӶȼˡĪ˵
ỳǿһֱղҲӣֵˡ

Īקĸ첲λá
ỳתͷСӺְһ

СŹ
һС˶ڰְֻְŷ̡

ỳǳһţ
СصСС

ŮӰһӾԶȥˣԽԽС
Īں첽׷ţҪС

Щ⡣
Ȧôã˴֮Ҳڸ󳡺ʱ򣬿Щ꣬ûмĪ¶ôɳڵ̬

ȵң

ʱĪ룬ֻϽ׷ϹỳǺͰ
̫ˣȻܴһΪʲôţ

һڵıӰ
֮˵ҪСһɣ˵Ӱ𣿡

˼ã֪Ӱ棬Ӱͦõġ



ʱ仺š
һתۣʵϰĸĿֻʣ¼ˡ
ŽĿӽβգƺŨ

˯֮ǰĪСӱط䣬۷˿֪Ŀʲôء

С˵裬ǿȥ𣿡

ỳ̧ͷ

ĪЩԥ
Ŀÿ춼ţ¼ƣǧϡ

ǡ

áỳסĪ󣬶԰Ǿȥߡ




33.  33   Ҫ˵ټ𣿡

峿, ֱûʼʱ򣬺ǾͱĿĹԱѵҵϢ
Ҫ¼ٱƬ

һЩСνĿ֮󣬾ҪͰְ˵ټˡһЩС, ȻҪְ˵ټڽĿ, ҲһõĻ䡣
ڣǻÿһСѽвɷ, źöӣԼٽ
ûֵСѣĵȴܿͻֵǵġ

һнȥ¼ƲɷöƬܡ
ʣµСǹ涼ԹԵС, ǳġ

, ֪һְҪȥ𣿡ʡ

˷ܵ˵Ǻߣְ˵, Ҫȥ׽зӡҪȥӾɳ̲ϿӰ
ۣɳ̲ϻеӰԺ𣿡ȵ

֪, ӰԺʲôӵģʡ
ѿգӰԺһķӣкööӡɳ̲ûôķ, ǿӰġ

, ְǲƭѽպ̺Сʡ
붼û, һ, ְ費ƭ

һԵ, Ļ˵ҵʵϰ˵ˣǹգĿһôôޣѰա

һĿ, øĸǹա
Ȼǵնһ죬Ŀ⣬ϣڽĿУȹһļա

պ̺̻ͷҰְҲ˵ˣҪȥ޹ա

СӴסˡ
ɳ̲ĺ磬ɳӣɰСǺСз

ȥ
ܵ޴ĴСϵı鶼µġ

ûйϵѽ㲻ȥߣҲǺ˼ģο

պ̺ͷϲˣǰյʱ򣬰ְִȥƼݺͲݣ֮ȥ꣬ԺöóԵġ

ҹյʱ򣬰ְϵĺ̳ܲƯĻƣֻҪҳܲͿԳյ˵

ջѡƯޣϲˣ°ͣÿһ춼Թգѽ

ÿһСѶϲա
һһģԼʱ顣

С¶գգ۾ǵĶԻ



ʱУỳǺĪѾʰһУ׼ȥߡ

Աˡ
һ¼ݣǽĿ龫ưŵġһʵϰĸĿȶߵļͥǲμӣôĿĿɿԽۿۡ

Ա˵˵Ī͹ỳȴּ
Ҫȥߣ˭ס
֪֮ܵҲϵ

һôȱϯأֱ󲿷ֹڶǱģǲڣһʧ

Ī͹ỳǲǷʧ

һȥ˶԰֮Ǿͳŵһĩȥɳ̲
ֻǺĩĿ񵢸飬ûֳŵ

ʱ֪Դ˶ھͿԳŵС£ںУȴǺġ
һֱڵȣȵĿٽβ˳

˺ͺӲһ˿ʱȥԼȥĵطԼԵĶأǰص¶Ժ֮ÿĻҲǹ¶ԺĲٳѡ

ĪС㣬ǩͬģֻΪкԼҲӦá
ỳͣܵݵĻǾֻΥԼˣ١

ܵݵĴǽסˣеһ˿붼ԵÿЦ
벻ͨ¼ˣల¶ãΪ˴ȥߣͷҪ⳥߰ΥԼΪǣĪ벻ȱǮѵΪͨģҪΥԼ͵һڵĽĿûǮҪ˵һʡ
ΪʲôڽĿ¼񣿺ﲻ棿

ȻЩ˼ܵݲ˵
ֻĵֹٿʱһɺӡ

ûҪֵôѿǵĺһֱ찡
ЦһΣֻŰϽ
ϾڹỳǺĪ룬Сһġ

ܵżȴһߣԱҲڸ˼빤
ֻȺܵݵĴߴ٣һͷ¸㲻⺢ӡ

ܵݵãڻˡ
ղŻޱ顢ԸĹỳǺĪ룬ڼСӵһ̣¶Цݡ

ߣҪȥɳ̲ỳǱ𰲰

ܵ¶Ϊѵı顣

ʱСְ֣ȥհɡ
Īһ㶣ȥ𣿡

С濼⡣
ǲȥߡ
ֻǣӦҲǳȤɡ

աС°Ϳڹỳǵļϣְ裬Сһա
𣿡Īʡ

Сص˵ͷ

̫ˣղŻ·ϣһֱڸģԱڸ˼빤˵ҪȥߣôԼĹͲˡƾΪӲԸȥյġ
ĲףܺӰһһģҲȷʵѰ
պԼߣ˾⳥ΪˣΪʲôôأȻΪԼԷҪ⣬û˵ǣܺӰΪðÿġ
Ը⻨һΥԼ尲ģѵ躢ǴҶϣڽĿгԺúȺãʵϰĸ뷨һİ
ʵԱǹô԰˵ģ㲻Ҫ𣿡

ͬգĿĹŶӶһ
ĿѾڳǽһޣӺܿ͵ʱһȥ
ӰʦˣûùỳǺĪٶһˣֱȥȹ¼˽ĿβĵƬΡ

ֻаܵݴš

ұ֤һ㳤ôȹաܵݺƵЦţʵûʲôҪ󣿿ղСǶϢ˵Լ뷨ˣеҪеҪ⡭أ

ûСҧס´µġ

ϲ𣿡ܵº͡

ͷֺֻС߬һ
ð֮Ϊ˵壬ûա

ܵסˡ
ʱǰ˵ʮֱ֣ľͷѾڶ׵ĹǣǵĶԻ

ûաĿˡ
Ǳ¶Ժſڵģ¶ԺԺʦӦøͲ֪ġ
¶ԺûôʽУԭӴС󣬶ûйա
ղС˵ĻĺɡȻȥߣգҲǺܰģһܸˡ



Ͼŵ㣬Ŀĳ׼ʱˣǸʵϰĸһϳ
СǶûиǵԼ죬˵գգ϶ܺúף

һ·ϣ˵˵ЦЦĿĹԱ֯ҳ衣
ǻĶֶģΪϿڣֻҪ˴ͷǺܿѧˡ
۵ĸصڳᣬʹһ·ո⻶֡

Ī뿿ŴߣҡͷԸŸǳӣ΢΢

Ȼֻˡ

ĪһйţֱԽӵģᲦ˽˺롣
ټƽʱûʲôѣƽĪֻ졣

ؽ绰

ĪС㣬ҽ֡һѯѾˣҪԤԼڵĸ𣿡

Īһ£ʶֻͣԡ
ôԷ˷еϣɳɳܿͶڣǾͺ㣬ĪСʱ𣿡

Լøʱ֮ĪҶϵ绰
ỳǿһۣսʱѹͣ𣿡

ûСĪҡҡͷ

ӵſڣͣʱڵСѾСƵģһӾӿ˳
պ̺

̺̽㣡ȵѽС׷ȥ

СŮСǣС֣߸ܡ
ҲǣֻСŮܵ÷ɿ죬׷׷ϡ

Сһ̾һͷܣСܸ磬ܴ𣿡
Ϊѵô棿

ͷ
һʱҲ֪ô˵

ʵûйͬͲҪǿˡ
ӺС֮ĴһӾͳˣû棬ͱӲˡ
ѾǴˣе졣ʺϺСһ棬ֻСܵ÷ɿ죬붼벻ˡ
ϲɵСϷ̫

Ŀһޡ
һϣαǽҹ

޵СԺһͯ԰Сһǧ溣򣬼С˵ġ
ԭڵĺѽ

£ʰ쵵ģСǵЦҲͺɫһòá

ˡ

һССĺ򣬱Ľűߡ
ġ

Сӵͷһʱ˫ź򻹸

պ̺̲ɵϰǹأ
׼ڡ

ˡ


СһﱧһѺ򣬼Сӡ

ͰãȻӡ

պ̺̰һӣ

Ͱˣټ

̺̽㣬㣡
̺̽ţ

պ̺̽ӹ϶ֻСĶ̫ˣæң
úÿģСʹСкܰæ¹պ̺̾Ͱ

Ǳˣѽպ̺˵

С۵Сۡ

顱һ£һҵϡ
Сͷع׵

պ̺̺Сս֣ܿͷΪʤ

һĻǶЦͣ

С溣򶼽ζ𣿡
̫ЦˣղŻţģڼ˼֣Ͼˣ㵽ȥ
û֮ǰôˣʵϰĸˣԸҲ΢һЩȻܸܵ浽һȥ
̺ǴɣСʱŪõĺҶͰСƨһָӣˡ
ǰףʱϵⶼڲѽЦᶼˡ



磬߷ͰְǻԼϢ
Ŀ鰲Ÿҵķ䣬һСķ䡣

شܿɽķ羰ͯСݵʽСȥʱ򣬳һݡ
ȥִӻϻ̫̼ˣһʱҪС֣ðְԼ档

ֻСӵľٺãҲǵñְ达С˯
˺ü˯ǰ֮󣬰˸СǷ

ĪﰲѶͷϵķ˿۵Ц˵˯ɣ֮Ҫˡ

ڶԼյڴУСӹԹԱ۾

˯ĿѾú޵ֻҡ
Ļ˲ʵƣǽտ򣬻кʮڽĿµƬ
һƬϣ赸Ͽεģܴ綯ʱѵǣǡʵϰְֳʱ޿ı̺𻭱ʺ߻ʱССԼ˶콱̨𽱱ʱЦݡ

Ī߹ƬǽĿзֱǵӰһԺлطš
ỳǶסŲĿںСһȥ˳ʱǣֵƬϡ
һ죬˸裬Ҷ˵󣬵ϲغһְ֡

СǵգǽĿĸ尢ѾѸ׼õ
ÿ˵ϣԼƬڿʼѰɣ

ѾԾԾԣһһȥ
Сӵĳ¡ɳķ϶ÿһ䣬ûбǷŹ

ҵպ̺̾ϲؾһźУɳ̽Դģ

Ͱһе̺ʽС̺̽Сܲȥ
ϲ

ǿҲ

󲿶ַɿ˹ȥ

˺óʱ䣬ÿСѶ۵ڴҶջ
󣬺ǶԼϲػصҡ

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Ƿ׷׻عͷԱһСƳˡ
Ƴϰһ⣬һһ϶ѣ˿ͨСżϤĶƬ
ⶥϣѾȼҫ˳ŷķҡҷš

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ɵˣûмôƯĵ⡣
е⣬ԭѽ
ѹÿһСѶϲա

ףտ֣ףտ֡صںǵĶϡ

ЭǸĪ𣿡
һֱ룬Ī볤úÿĺáҵáϹ˧쾿ȴأ֪ˣ˸ȴտָ趼ܳôڵϣװ
ˣΪ¥仰ȥˡְĪܺǳеȫ
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һССĻʹڡ

̴ӦСȹ֮⣬Ҫһʹڡ
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Īڰߣ§סӡ
ỳǣ¾һ㣬Ÿ衣

ףտ֡ףտ֡
ףҸף㽡иůͥ

Цúÿģ峺˫ȴʪġ

ˣ֪ԭӹջôġ
ԭտָĸʣǰһ죬ְףһůļͥúۡ
ְѹɣҿĪۿҲˡ
ΪЩĿ㣬ž籾ߣʵеʱ򡣵ǴӰʵϰĸϣĿϡ
Ϸٺãݵþ˻ǻᴩģܺӰϷķǳǳϲӰ




һʵϰĸһģҶóԼĿұ£Ī붼һ̷ѳ

÷ѳص٩Ͽһѳ࣬ò˵ܴ󰡡

ͷĪŵС

žģܺóԵӣ͵һαȣ̫ˣ
ǵһεķѳǰǳԵýζġ
ĪӦںúѧŵһ衭

һԷ˭
ƽʱҪʵϰĸŲԸСǵĴ³Եñ㡣

󣬽Ŀ׼ϷڣҾۼһ

ֻʱỳվ˵棬ˡ

˶֡
ʵҪȥﰡ
ҡҡͷ֪ѽ

ĪЦˣŰ֣ȥѽ

Բ۾

ỳЦ˵ְȥ档

ԱֱˣϷ˹ֱܵȥǸܵݴ绰š
ְãһֱѰСԸء
ɲԸģǲǲˣء
Ǳˣղһ£ĺ̲ڵ޻һٶ๫߸ҲýСʱûпôȥ

СĽĿУְǣţ뿪ޡ
ɵСӻԼģͷһ飺ְ裬Ҫȥ𣿡

ỳЦ˵Ȼգ͵ȹȥɳְ̲Ӧ飬һ
Īָָһͳߵˣ嶼ǰѳˡ

̫̫֣

Сֱͨͨ

Կ׽ỳǣӺóԼ۵綯֮󣬡ಡһ¾ˡ
ְֱϳ
֪ʲôʱ𣬰ְֵĳϣҲװһȫΡ
Сӵרλá

̫ɽˣỳǿųĪͰɳ̲ȥ

ְ裬Ҳȥ档
СչϾܾ
ΪʲôӲ

طĵ̾һⲻΥԼ𡭡



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Сڴѣߣ˵Ҫþúþá

˯һǵ˺̲Ҫܾأʱô죿Ī

Ļŵˡ
ɳ̲Сڳ˯ˣжϧ

һ룬۾

Сʱ֮󣬳ͣںߡ
ѾˣС²ɳ̲

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ܵû죬һСİһӣСƨŵء

ĪЦŶǰİƨɣѵСЬӡ

ְ˵ɳжССѾ档
ġġ

С̲סЦˣһԼĽѾӣɳӵڵϡ

źӣֻɳӣ
Ī롢ỳǺͰһɳ̲ϣѳһССĳǱ

Ǳס𣿡ʡ

ѵ˹ỳǣִһССԴ

סˣСӱȳָֻ

ỳǴԲԲɳ
ҪɳڳǱϣЩѣССһСɳСطɳѳǱϡ

Сɳˤؿ衣
轫һɳСɳϣ£סС֡
ţְҲһСɳ

Ϊ˹̶Сɳ򣬹ỳǵĴƣĪͰס
һЭСɳ򰲰ȵشǶѳɳӳǱϡ

㡣
ϣСɳӴһңаְ֣衣
ɳһһҸһԶֿ

ҹˡ
ǲ˯
תͷʣְ裬ʲô𣿡

ĪЦˣûпӰ
Դ˵ӰԺһӣûдѽ

ǽ쿴¶Ӱỳֹ˹СӵıǼ⣬óֻϵԱ

֮ǰĪѾ׼һС
ʱɳ̲㳡ϣӰĻ£ڰȵСУԱʼӳӰ

Сӡ

ÿ˶һӣαбһţֱ߻иֺóԵġ
ǰԸϣһ軳һڰְֻֵؿһӰ

ȵӰĻʱС糿ԼĶԻ
ʱ˵ְŵҪȥӰҲţſӰ
ʣôſӰأѵǵӰĻ컨

ʱ̧ͷա
ûеӰǡ

ƯġһһǣŰְͰһӴӰ

СӵһοӰҲһߡ
ԶԶǡ



ڶʮ㣬ĿĹԱǽƵվСԺȴһ˻
һ¼ˣܵݲϣκμαȱϯ
ֻ˺ܶ취Īľ㣬ϵĪ͹ỳǡ
˵ҲֻҪضȹһһͻˡ

õȵʲôʱ
ۿӼαǵĳܿҪˣ緹󣬴϶ûعԢ˰
ʵ̫ˡ

˵ǣĪ͹ỳǶѾˣǻһ浹֧
ֱ䣬ȻΪǵȱϯ˲տģȻûһָǵġ
ֻЩź٩ĿûãȻûĵɳ̲ȥ

Ա˫ֱ󣬽Ƶصȴ

ϰ׼˽յ͡
ʱһα½½ӷ

ڹԱε̾ʱǼ䷿ķſˡ
ԪСӴܳŹỳǺĪ롣

Աһ𾪣ȡ֮ģϲ

Ī룬ϻ𣿡ز
浽ʮһͿˡС㣬ҪС˯ĪЦ˵

˸
С˯õ飡

СǶΧŰɳ̲ϷʲôȤ¡
ǵһһ˿ϸڶû©ȫ˵

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ѾǺԲβˡ
һ»صԢ͸ʰ˰ɡ
Ҫź뿪Ҷ᲻ã˵Ī͹ˡ
Ŀ쵽βˣĪ͹ܶǳˣٲãҲúͺ˵ټֱĽʵһ㣬ֻӪҵѣڣӪҵˡ

Ӫҵĸ֣ôҵ鶼ܡ
Ļû湣ˣֱһһʱ䡣

ĿѾڹٲϷһĽĿ̡
ӻصԢ֮󣬾͵ʰˣ֮ԱѵҵķӳңźǵٱƬ
Сǵļҳĵ׼ʱ﹫Ԣǻؼҡ
ֱʮеĻƬΣֱϡ
ܸĹһ壬ôҾãһлûн

㣬Űְš
Լȥ䣬ֻվǰЩԥ

裬԰ѽ𣿡

ĪıЩᣬԡ

İʰ
ű߷ɫŤŤͷŤŤڼΪְҲϲ

СӷЦɽëȴʪʪġ
ںܶ£ӶƶǶѾӹԱе֪ԼܿҪ뿪ˡ



ĵ㣬Ŀ齫뵽ӳҡ

İְ磬һۿƬ
һպط㣬ӵĸһ˵űǸ͸мĻ

ֱʱӲֲᡣ
˶ʮʵϰĸǲ㶼ΪԼСˡ

ܹԣǶϲϵ˵

һ̵Լİְ裬ұʵϰְ裬ֱӮҡ
ƬһӳԼСͻȻЩߡ

ĿѾβʲôҪʵϰĸ˵Ļ𣿡
ʵϰ˵ƯۣԼһƯ
ʵϰְأϲ𣿡
һ롭ʵϰְҪҳһЩԼϲ顭ұǲϲġǺʵϰְҲúúۣڣѾʼϲˣ

طˣһ⻰Ӷˣ
Ҳ̲ס
ǰûôӣͻȻãСƺҲô顣

֮ܡͺ̵̺ĶƬ

ܲ˵ĻֻǶžͷ׾ϵ˵һ䡰лл
ΪĿ齫֮ǰʵϰĸĻã䡰ллԵеÿޡ

ǸŶյĺӣڽĿ£һ֧衣
СúܺãЦģȻ硣
̲סֱЦתͷͻӳ˵ȴֻ֪ڿ˭Ϣ

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Ϊ⺢Ըһ˵һЩԼ²̨׵Ļ
˭֪̺̲ûô
ȻûκɿĶ԰ףɺ۵׵Ĵ⣬ǲģƭˡ

ֵĶƬˡ

ỳǿĪ룬סӵ߬֡

ĶƬСѵĶһ
һʼСӵһʱģ
֮ʵϰĸûãڰְ軳
ƬĩβͷһתںȵСϡ

ʲôҪ԰ְ˵𣿡

ƬĹԱʣԴ˺ܾá

㣬Ҫ˵ʲô
˵ʲô˵ʲôѽǶ

أƬеĺֱʱģŶ

Ҫ˵ټ𣿡Сʡ




34.  34   ˯ŵġ

ǲҪ˵ټʱı, һͻȻˡ
۰⺢Ӳ꣬Ѿô, ̫ˡ
ȻãĿûпʼöáӴûӵйôõİְ, ھͲôˡ
Ҿãһڲμӹ⵵Ŀ, 㽫ˣҲڡΪְİ֪ԼһϲСѣ԰һҪ
ϣĿҪ, ԶͰְһ𡣡

úõһܰ, , ǿֱĹǶᡣ

Ҳһʼûж˶ԡʵϰĸ⵵ձʲôڴ, Īķ˿֮⣬ڶֵֻһ, ʱѡ
, ҵϲŭֱЩɰĺǣ
ԱǿܡСһǺ˵պ̡̺Ŷյ˼ϸͷԵ, ƭŮİ
ÿһ, ʻɰ, ˭ļҳС˼ҲӰ쵽ǣӾǺӣÿһЦǵһ⡣

ڣĿβ
ǿŶƬаСӣͷѹһʯͷһ, ɲ
ԹߵжѾζ֪ΪСӵʵϰĸỳǺĪжء

㣬¶ԺԺӰˣú׼һ£ɡ
ӳ⴫Ա

СӴСֽһ
Īɫ΢΢ף˫ֳվ档
ЦݴĹ¶ԺԺվȴ

ˡԱߵߣ

Сվ
СѾ˶תҪʱֻͷһĪ롣

ټС˵ţʱȴᣬһκ衣
ֻһСѣǲô飬ڸղţʹһ˶Ƭ
ƬĪ˵ʣôĽĿ¼Ժ衱

ڣĿˡ
ֱûСѡ

ĪЩ񣬽ԭأųİ

֮󣬰ߵỳǰְټ

ỳǵķ·𱻽š
֮ǰͲϲСһʼֻСԼϱѣС㣬Ҳ֪ûʵϣüΣְüΡ
ˢʱǵĵ٩˵ǳҲŮҲŮ
ʱۣỳЦˣȫʲô⣬ȷʵŮ

ʮĳϦദڹỳǶԣһп޵ĽĿСα
ϲӡ

Ͱְ˵ټͷŹԱ˵

ۿź뿪̫Ű˰ɣˣۡ
ûޣĪȦѾˡ
ҴĪճʱͿʼһֱѹֵúھϷʱϷɻû޷гʱ򡭡ʱк˵˹ǿΪҵʵںãҲû˺̡û뵽ȻΪһսĿ۾
Īɣһգۣͻģסˡ
ѾͷȥˣҿıӰ

Ī͹ỳǶ
ʱһһţӳ˭û˵

˼ظе⣬⵵Ŀջ࣬ҲԸڽĿ֮עܵѧҵʵʱṩһЩǣĿѾˣ˵жŲ£ƭ˵ġ
벻Ī͹ỳǣȻôʵС

ÿһ˵飬ǳصġ
綼Ϊ˺ۿɬԴ
ĵױԹΪʲôҪԴźӣ̫ˡڣŰıӰңΣġ

С¶ԺԺ
ǰϤԺ̡

Ī͹ỳǶ̧ͷͬʱҲȥ

ȥɣÿ춼ϦദŵСѣͻȻҪ뿪ˡأҲ뱧
ҹƹҪ¶ԺһЩ豸֮ģ߾һͯ԰
еܺӰ󲻲Ǯ߶ΥԼ⣬Ǯ¶ԺһС͵Ķͯ԰ַӵ
Ŀ֮Ī϶ҪĺصϷˣΪĿ˹£ӦҲæأǻǰģʱΪ¶ԺͰһЩ£˹ע¶ԺЩĺǣġ
С˵һ䣬Էĺ䡭·Ŷ
¥ϵģʲôʱˣȻڿǣѾĲˣȫǲһڱһڣ̫ˡ

ԼĪ͹ỳǣԺ΢΢һ䡣
԰˵ûʲôǴߵģ

СҡҡͷֺȻʲôĿ͵ڼ
Ժֹ֪֧ӣЦŶ԰˵ߣ̴ؼá

ȵһߣԺߵӳĽ䣬ЦſҿǵĽĿллǶ԰ôá

Ժ롪
Īһڣȴϡ

ĪС㣬֪˵ʲôԺ΢Ц˵ڹ¶ԺҼ̫̫ˣ̽Ǽ֮ЩСҪؼҡǣ֮Ҫʱ䡢˼Ǯչ˵ġ

ǻչ˺ðỳ˵

ԺҡҡͷҲ˵̫ǣôʱ̫СºֺڣͼٰѺͻԺӶԣǶ˺
ǸΪԺ̣ҵñ

ԺͬðμӽĿȻǽĿعܸӴעӶʹʿ
ϵ̫ˣһЩڵĻȤ˵Ҫȥ¶Ժӻؼңʹ衣
ЩûжЦԺȴޱȵǡ
һʱˣչ˺

Ժǲһʱ嶯Ī뼱е˵

ȹʱ˵ɣһʱǻǣӣ⡣ԺƵЦЦʱ̧ۣѾԱǣ߹˵ܶ£ǵǿŲҪޡǣһС˵ࡣ

Īԭأûж
ỳס֣طӳҡ

ǱԺˡ
ʱֱûбжϣʼʮĽĿ

Ī̧ۣӳҵĻϣְСʱĻ档
һ죬һˣСǮ¸ҵ̤һҾƷꡣ
ڵѡкüСƷҪ͸裬ѯ֮СǮĶʮǮóǰ

ϰ壬ЩȫҪˡ˵

ֻǵɨһеǮҡҡͷ
ŶʮǮЩΣ̫ˡ

ĿҪĽĿЧŴűȰ˵İȥѧǸС̯ϡ
С̯ǴѧڳģĶһЩСֹ

ذôִˣһˮһ£֪ԼǮãѡģһ
͸ˮ֮󣬰ֿ˿̯λϵĺ
̯æˣʮǮùһˮ

ֻ󣬰ĿһСݮϡ
̯˵ҪһݮǮͲˣ鰲ֻһ

Сҡҡͷ

Сӻصϡ
ʦΪʲôԼϲĲݮС

һ˵ˮƯһϲġСǸʵϰģûеĻѹ
ûиԼʧ𣿡

ʧʵϰ忪ģͿİ壬᲻ϲ͵ѽ
һġ

СЦݣڻĩβ֮󣬾ͥƬˡ

տñӷᣬɷļϡ
طҧҧߵĿ٣ͰһݮôˣǮ£



ڵʱڵȵĸԼ
ĸʮͣأһȥҹԱʲôʱյͨѡ
ȵȷתǮ֮һܻؼң߻ߴߴ٣һ㣬ﻹһ£Ҫϲһ೵ˡ

˵üýĿɳǻȥ

ĸһüЦ˵ãʵϰ衣СܣϽʰҪϵʽԺ硣

̧ܵͷ
Ѿ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ȥҪϵʽʵϰĸӦṵ̂İɡ

ְѾǼҵĵַˡ˼˵ţԼߣѧУҪú飬ȹ죬ǻһЩ̲ĺѧϰþߡСѧҪ꣬ȵϳУҵѹʹˣʱְֺ԰ϵõѧУֻǿҪסޣСԸ𣿡

΢΢һܿ͵ͷԸ⡣

ĸ˵ЩõѧУҪУѰɡҪס޵Ļ
ǿԸѧҵϵķãֱѧҵϣΪҳҲҪϺȣӵѧϰز

ĸһ۾ˡ
һѧûǮԸǮǿոˡ

Ͻллʵϰ裡ĸ˳ӵĸ첲
ְ֡衭֪ܲ˵ʲô

˼ܵıСӺѱͦͦصģûйȥĿ



ûвɢϯαǻؼʰ
յ⹫ԢʱǻĿķ̫СҪ뿪ˣȴЩᡣ

İ֮󣬴ӺŮš
ֻͻȻ֮䣬뵽ʲôǵһȡ

̺СЩ֡
˺þã߰żֽݸԼ

㻭ģñˣȳһ塣

̺գգ۾ӹ

Ц˵ǻؼҰɡ
̺ͷߣá

һߵݿڣ
ŴСڲ֡
İ˸ӣʵְأ

˵ְ£

ĻʲôȻоԼ·°ڱһק

ҡҡͷ
Щ죬ܿóͻӳĹϵô¡
ϾǱ˵˽£ǲò͡

ߣһ

պطֹЦźк
ʱԥһ£¶һЦݡȻ֮ǰദ̫죬ڵ˽ĿɢʱȻԷ˳

ǵôôٰʡ

պطһЦ

һЩ·ͻױƷѣѾÿݼĻȥˡûкӾôֻտգʲôᡣ

˵ип
类ġڵһҪȥˡ
תһ룬СڹðһøһȥӰء
Ҹ



ỳǺĪһ뿪Ԣġ

Ϸʱؿһۡ
ǰÿ춼Ҫġ
ǰÿ춼ҪͶιġ
ǰÿ춼ҪƬġ

ڽĿеĹУֻ֪ҪúöԴӣʮκź
ڽĿˣǲʶú뿪źģԼ

Ҳһ̣ȷһʱ嶯֮µľ
һʼĳΪᣬ֪ҪѺӽӻؼңϣҸֵس
ɰְų

棬һȥġỳ˵
ܾ𣿡Ī̧ͷʡ

ỳǵ˵ͷһֹֻϷţһֻȥǣ
ֻһΣĪȻ㿪ˡ

ֱʱỳǲʶʱамæĥϣǵദѾǢɰߣ֮䣬ǻصԭ㡣
Ī֮ʼմ⣬⣬һһϦ֮ܽġ
һжʱ䡣

ỳǺĪļңڱһڡ
ֻǣѾܾûлȥˡ
⽫һʱ䣬Īһס棬û飬ȴһֱڷ־״̬

ʱỳǿȥ
ܰ˭û˵

㲥̨·ỳӳ˹رհť

ͻȻĪյһ΢š
תͷ˵ȥɡ



УеöѾԼרѡ¼ȵ·͸߸Ьˡ
ʱƷƵĹŴñӣñѹͣ¶𪾫µС

С㣬Եһ£ȥҪЬ롣ʵҪصعģƷƻֱӸѡĿʽŵġ

Ӧһóֻˢѡ
ʵϰĸĽĿԽԽӪ˸ͳƣڽĿڼ䣬λαǷԼϡ
ԭԴرŰĽպط㣬뵽һսĿУΪмα¼ơ
˵ǵĿܵݽܲɷʱʾԼϵľӻ˰ʣǳϽĿλ

һ·ĿĪͳϡ
⵵ĿУĪ͹ỳǷӮҡ
ԭѾһĪ룬ÿѲϣݳƷƴţ׷ױʾҪỳǵļţҲΪڽĿе۱֣ܵ˵ĹעŹɼ۴ǡ

ΪѣЩ
ֻĪڽĿȻһĻ

ĪܼǿǸĸ׶̣ʱ˶˵£һνı顣
һΣȴΪ뿪ᡣ

һ˴Ż˼룬ͽԼ˹
ֻˣôû

ΪĪ벻ʱҵűˡ

ĪС

ܾţݸĪ룺ȥ𣿡
ĪŲ豭һڣ뾡ؼҡ

һʱ֮䣬ûӦ
ĿˣҪӺӻؼң

ỳѾ˽ˡĪ˵

һ¡
ȷʵܿ¶ԺʦԺչ˺Ҳûãӻӵµİְ衭

Ȼûô˵
ֻסĪ֣ʵ⼸꾿ʲô

ĪͷĽë˲
Ҳ֪˶ã˵йһŮ

ЩĪľΣ벻һ㡣
ԼĶ䣬һ㶵ؿźѣ漴̧ͷҵţŹصýģһ

Сıࡣ

ѾʧȥһˡĪ˫ʪ󣬱۾ëһΣԲʧȥ



̫̫ˡܼҴţӹİ

ĲɵЬߡ

鷿ԼԼĹͤԭûġϰ飬զզģȥͽǰ˾۲֮һ˵һϽûĻ
Ȼãȴϰ鷿

ͤӣ˫ֱߡ

һȥؿɳϣȫȻûƽŵģ
ͤЩ⣬߽һ۾ˣʱһ

ôˣүӸϽ£ʵ

̾һ콯㺰ҹȥ˵˸ʦڼұ߲廨߿ֱһڣ򷢴ʱ䡣

ү֪£أ

Ĭ
ʱǸ߸˵ȥġ
Щ죬Ҫæʱ򣬴󲿷ʱûдʵϰĸֱŶӺͶϱСѾͷգԼĻʹڣֿЦжòˡ
һ磬绰ʱĿûʼŷû¸ɣϽһ𿴽Ŀ˵˵ЦЦģҲ

ֻ˭֪ȥʱжʱжľƣ

ʲôЦˣүһͷˮ
ⲻڰϰͽ㶷˴뱲ӣһ˻ģ
̫̫ȫôŶñ˳ԱԼĵ

ЦƨǴҶˡ

үšü
ϰ飬Ļëʼûģ˵Ӳ˵ص㡣

ǼС̫嵯Ļ֣ƽʱһ˵Ŀ󣬹¶ԺԺˣСѾͷߣǲ֪ԭǹ¶

¶үӾ
µʱͱ¶Ժſˡ̧ͷ

˵Ѿƽȴǽš
̬ͣ˵϶ƽͣƽʱѾˣһΣȴΪСѾͷеѹ
ôСһӣص¶Ժô

̫ˡ



Ժص¶Ժ

ʦͰ̼ϲҲΪĺӾĿİְ裬㶼䵥

СӺò˭ǹɵغˡ

ǵ԰̰
һΪСˣû뵽һӾͺʦˡ

˼Цˡ
ֻǶʮ첻ѣÿһλʦͰ̣ǡ
Ͼ¶ԺСĵط

㣬óˡ
쵽ʳãǰһСǡ

ʳð̸ӰѲװҨһŹ
˵ллŲ̣Լλߡ
ʱСӣȥá

ʳ⣬Ժʦվһ𣬿µıӰ
ʦۿ᣺ڽĿļҺůÿԷаְšڻص¶Ժôġ
ҲãҲðĿġԺϣʧһİɡ

Ժô룬ô£ҲΪ˺롣ˣ˵ʵϰĸԸӦǸϢŶԡʦ˵

ԺѾ³ԷСӣ̾Ҳ֪ǲͻȻ£ֻΪ˽ĿЧѼϼܡ
Ҳǻġʦֹ۵

ԺЦһԸðԷʵһǡ
вķСѣŮͻȻУΪ׸ֽ˻
ǸͻкѾʮˣÿ춼Ʋ֣ǳĬ

ӲСèС˼룬һٶǶ˺

ǹ¶ԺĻʱ䡣
ڽҵСֹ

ʦŰСһСӡ

СӼֽЦ˵Ưۡ

ʦСԴ
Ӳ޲֣ҲĿеİְ裬ɲ֪ΪʲôΪһЩһЩ



ϰ˵㣬ỳǴӰ칫ҳ
ϳԥƬ̣Է˵ؼҡ

ͲµҪĸңӣȥ

ỳվڼſڣʳָѹָռˡһŴˡ
һƬڣĵġ
²Ī뻹Ǳߣû뵽ʱŷ͸һ˿⡣

Ǻܻ谵ĵƹ⡣

ỳǽŲһ٣վſڣ֮Ű֡
ŴˣһϸӰڴϡ

ĪѾ˯£˫ֱϥǣ
ûʲô飬ȴ͸ƽټĴ

ỳǺһͣǰȥ

˸绰ֱ䲻ڣü΢΢š𣬰յϴҴӦġ

һ绰ֱͺˣĻӺ¡ѹʱ򣬻ְܸ绰
ô͸أ

ỳǽŦ۵ֶ˶٣һ۴ͷϵʱӡ
ϢܹɣÿϾŵ˯ʱ򣬸ڴ˯ˡ
ĪСһҲϽϢ

Īǣڹ¶Ժİȴͬҡ

ʦ𣿡ỳǵʡ

Ӧûеġ
СǼ֮󣬲˯ǰµϰߡ
һܺõϰߣΪʲôҪǿĵأ

˯ŵġĪ
ȥỳͻȻ˵

Īһ£ԺͬǴߣû졣

ỳǽβϵ·ù·ǳ
תǰ˵Ժͬ⣬Ҹ䣬㰲һڹ¶Ժ˯

ԴĿǣĪһ£漴ʧЦ
ôˣ

ӣٵ飬ϵ˯»¡

ỳǴԳϷš
ȴ·ʱóֻ



ϰ˵ʮ֣ԼСϷȥ
СѶ˯ˣ˯š

СܾÿģȻ뵽ʲô
ĴӴȥԼ䡣

ʱ춼ˣ̻ûüʰ䣬СӾڴߡ

¹⣬䣬˺þãҵԼĽ
ﻹдʹţʰõġ

СסôණΣʹţ͵ϡ
¶ԺͶεСѣÿ˶ֻһСС׶԰ݴĹһС棬ס
ڣϻôණ͸ˡ

СӲԼֺСбġǡһռ䡣

һͲˣǣȴеޡ
ڱһһµС
ְ谡

ӡ
Ȼ洫

Ϊʲôܽȥ
Ǵǣô鷳ѰͳֱӴߣలˡ

ǰְֵ
ãȻز˲۾ССѾڵϣߵߡ

ǰְ裡
С־ϲϢաܳ

ôȰءԺֺֺЦÿֵ࣬ҪȻʦû취

Ī˵˼Ժǲǲֻǲúһ˴šȻҪͲҪðװѹһɡ

ĪС㣬Ҫ̵ģȷҪӻؼңǿԺú⡣Ժû뵽ǶԺôģ𽥻ֻͣǺȻ֮䣬һüһˣôᣬǲǻʮꣿݡĹ涨ʮ꣬û취

ʱѾСѾ˹ְ裡

Сӱʱķ˿΢紵ֻ¶ŴŴС
ӵ۾ߵǳһ㣬ҫţĹâ
ŷֿСʱһ̣Ī͹ỳУʧõϲζ

Ժ£ȻĪû
ѾԼİڻ

ˣܹŰš
͵Ż

Ī뱧𰲰һĺӵıŻعղԺ˵Ļ
ͷһԼ͹ỳǶǶʮ꣬˱ʮ꣬ӲԹ涨

Ĺ¶ԺұǴˣˣûа취

ཡ
һͣڹ¶Ժſڡ
򿪳ߴٹүӿһ㡣

ү̵ģֹţµ˼ǡ治֪ôˣһһģѵͲһ졪

ͷҿһ㣡ûشĻŸ߸Ьỳȥ

ỳǣӵĵ绰Ͼˣ

Ժ

ỳ˵ԺҰʮ壬ʮһǼĶӣԸڰ涨ḣĲҲĸӤͶͯԲŮơԣֻҪͨġ
ԺϵǽӰؼ𣿡

Ժɵסˡ
˹εġ

ֻڿСڡϵڣԼŵİ
Ժã͵Сˡ

ʱС軳
ͷãȻؿңֱ̧ᡣ

ղŰְֺ˵ҪӰؼҡ




35.  35   ǲҪˣ

Се㷢, ְֻ֪˵Ҫؼҡ
ãȷ, Сؿ衣

ۿģǻ΢Ц, ˵ͷ
Ǽᶨ

ţòײҵԼС, 찲ڹ¶Ժס𣿡
Ī뽫ס°ںӵļϣסˣԺ󶼲סط
¶Ժ֣̫, ʶ

СӸ˵㵸, ٴνСľѡ

Īı, ȻоԼľѱġ
ڵ, ģѹֵĿ

һ, Īޱ, Լ͹ỳǻں˯֮ǰϵ
Щ, һֱǱŵ, ͻȻص¶ԺС˯, һ壬ûúҹ

û졭Ժ
ǹ¶ԺԺ뿼Ǹ෽⣬Ϊ˱ӣԱҪʮĽĿ˴벿, Ȼ֪Էж۰ǣЩھͷǰģֲ١
ڣˣСڣǼҵڣҲΪӺá

Ϊ¶ԺҪѭع涨ԭŮķǲܰģɰӤ˲ơ
˼Ѿ㹦ΣԺܾܾеο

ֻû죬ҪӺߵĻԺԥ

Ժ͵Ŀûðǣǿ϶ġ˵
ỳǵͷͣôʱ䣬֪ôչȴؼңʱҲġ
ûǲʣǿǩЭ顢֤Ī˵

үһֱվڱϡ
֮ϢúͰһɣڸϴүڱ˯ĵˡ
ʱվһԣ˫ֱû

ͻȻһۣô˵
үӻع˵鷳Ժͨһ¡

صͷ˵ԺһҲͷģܲպӵ°ɣǣôѺӴؼҵģôСѾͷһͷ٣

ԺһˣֺֺЦ
ôãǺȰ޴йջȥ֮˵أ
ʲôģܲˡ

Ժ̡գգۣغ

ԺſСӣͻȻ
ð֮ų߰ɣһ

űС񱼵һˣָѣƸɱ𴫳ȥӰ첻ã

֪ˣỳ˵

ԺһΡ
Ϻʪӣ˭ܵأ
ֻͶˡ



ְĳؼҵġ
һңȵصԲ۾
ôƯۡ

ȥɳ棬Ҹ绰һЩС·ƷĪ˵
СӻˣɼûĶ
ĪһʱСѣǶͯϴҺϴҺԡ¶ƷѾ˳ˣ뾡Ѷؼҷźã̤ʵ

Сصͷʵʵɳϡ
ֻСʱСͻȻˡ

뿪¶ԺʱԺһ˶̫Ӱ쵽Сѣûúӻȥ
Сӵҵʱ򣬻ǳŽŵġ
һ·Ӷͯܵ¶ԺſڣСѾе࣬ʱ˼ؿԼĽţͷ

ְִȥϴһ¡ỳǽСӱߡ

һ·ϣڰְֻιҡ
ƯķӣкܴĿи߸ߵ¥ݡ
ְ˵Ҫ˰æѸٰڿװһĻݡ
˵¥̫ˣ¥ҪСģ˰¥ݹսǵ˸һģ͸ȫˡ

ʮףڰְֻƺʶһ⡣
ҲͰְסһ𣬺ܾúܾá

ỳǰѰ䣬šˮͷˮ˺󣬰СϴСѾ

ó

ĺóҪԼţ
𣿡

ỳǺðԼСѾ̧Сš

ۡСã˵

ỳǱЦˡ

ְƭˣ
ƭ˲ƭˣС

ŮЦ
ĪҶϵ绰ǲԾ𵭵Ц⡣
ؼˡ
ԺҲ뿪ǡ

٣̳ɨʮ֮ھһ·ЬƷ
ѹСƱøĪ룬ֵʣĿǽͺӻȥ

ĪЦ˵ˣǻһֱչ˰

Ŀɿڴ
ˣ

һ㶣˼Զᡣ
ǰһʱ䣬Ī״̬̫ˣûϷġԵڣ͹ֻ䡣ڣһȴͻȻôԣҪһСѡ

չ˺
ңҪʱչ˺ӣ᲻ᵢҵ

һԺǻһĪ۵񾲴ݵЦ⣬ʲô˵
̫˽Īˣ֪󣬲Ȱ
ҪǣԴӰ֮ĪϵЦݶˣɷĹϵҲƱ

ΪˣĪҵʮĸ飬ϣԼܹÿġ

衪ϴ俪һŷ죬һֻС˻ӣ첲ϻûɵˮ顣

˵·ǰװõģûбԴӦûɾúӴպϴһ
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Īȥҳ˯£ҴߣӴϡ
һִ

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һֱĪС£ʲôν
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ԥſһȦСʣְأ
òᣬĿһּ־˰ɡ

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һ¡
һûϴɾ·ô¶Ժӽ۵ƤãһǴϻҪϳţ̣ºӶӶ
СǼҴţǲҪˣ

лл̸·ŴŴڶ

¶һĸЦ
ôԵĺӣ㱻ҲӦõġ



һ軹ߣ۾ٰ۾
ȳ֮ǹЦݡ
ССèƵģĪ뻳˲䣬˵

顪𣬹ỳʣ𣿰ְִȥʰ

˸Сֱĸ첲һȥ

ĪܿҪˡ
ȻؾڱǣһӰ˵£ʱӦþû취Űˡ
ڻʱ䣬С㡣

һʰ֮󣬳ȥ¶Ժ
ʱСڻֹ

ԺͷЩ᣺ҪְؼˣȥС˵ټɡ

С߽ңСǵ

ĺӶûѧͣȻ¶ҲСǱ°ְߣѾϰˡ
ֻУһԪԪСѿ䡣

ԪԪǰڹ¶ԺõˣաܹȥҪοС顣

Ϊʲôаְϲأ
Դеġ
ʦ˵ҵĻ̫ˣܶСѣǲǺܷѽ

ְָԼĻ汾
Ҳʹְ֣һҴ˵ĵСǲûϲ
ڣԪԪ飬ӦҲƵġ

СӻŰְֵĻش𣺡ֻҪ¸ҡСѣһϲġ
ԪԪգգ۾СҲϲ𣿡

𣬰ְ˵ǵСֻڹ۲졣
ŵذοԪԪԪԪС죬ֻڱ

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ÿСѶ˵ټҪ뿪ʱԼûв𿪵
ڹʱĿġ
ҳȥʦæ

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ʦҪðСһ㣬Сѿˣ˭֪СѾóǡ

ҳ𣿡ʡ
ʦһʧЦ⺢ӣô󷽵𣿡

˼˵ʦ˵Ҫѽ

ʦŰǣָС顣
ûκһСֵܵסǹջ󣬴һЩĺӣԼֽűСѴ򿪡

ĺһǣԵýζ

ԪԪ᲻úѣӻСֵʱͷһζǹ 
ǹ𰡣



ӹ¶ԺŰСֲš
ӵʱѾˣΪСѾͷ˯þֻܿСڴԼƤӵ´ߺӡ

ڲһϵģдʱðԼء

СѾͷ̼òã £԰˵

ܸӡ
ûкСӽӴ̫ʱ䣬Ϊ׷ĿʱŰޱȸпġ
ֻһ㣬ӾҪڹ¶ԺˣСմ۵ģ۵òС

ڣͲϰСӴؼңһһҹ
ֻǿеΪѣ֪ôܾ

̼кöóԵġ׳ն

գգ۾ҡҡͷ
ʵǸ̰ԵСèóԵȣСӻǸͰְһ

̼кܴĵӣԿƬ˵

Сͣٴҡͷ
ǰϲŸտӴӰӰƬһСʱְѣΪ˱۾úϢٿƬˡ

ˣһ㿴үӡ

үӳƬ̣Ҽл԰Ժ԰һݡ

ݰ
һܺɡ
۾²ظȥ

һȣ漴͵ؿϰһۡ
û뵽ͷӻеô

ỳǴԺ칫߳ʱ򣬿Ѿߣƨƨˡ
Ī뻹ԭص

Ҳɡͣ½Ų֣ҪȻСѾͷһ˻Ầ¡

ỳǺĪһۣ·࣬׷һСĲ

˼ҵĻ԰԰ʱʱ̿ͷŵġ
ү˵Ű˸绰֪ͨ

ϴүĵ绰һҶϣһϵı鲻ٺɣСüͷչ

ҿɴƭˡүӵӲġ

С㾲ڿɳϣųݡ
ϴݮһŽһ

ӶҪˣݮ֮˫Լ̣ͣұˡ

ʱүʵôˣ
ỳ˵ǵĻڱ֤Ѿȥˣ״֤ڰ졣ֻǡ
ֻʲô Īʡ

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һ𾪡
һˣСѾͷԼŮ
ⲻǴ

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һСѾͷƽʱְ躰ôͻȻҪĿڣɩˣ
̫ˣ

ԼҪģҲǵŮиǵŮĵҺһˣߣɳԲү˵

ˣ˲ͫ׵СƨһŲѾڵϷٻְ軳
ĪŰļ򣬽ʣûбİ취𣿡

ỳ˵ӲԹ涨ȷʵʮ꣬ûֱϵʦţû취ðŮʽѰǵĻڱϡ

ϵס𣿡磬ǰôϲҶؼҡҪͥȥô죿

¡ỳ˵ҲĸӤôǼǻػ֮ǰѰҺӵĸڹʮڣûӣܼȥ
˵ỳǽֻСסԼӤһѹġ

Ҳ˵ֻҪʮ뵽취û𣿡Īżʡ
ðԼɩӣ⻭棬һ룬ͷƤ顣
̫˰ɡ

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Ī˵ͷ
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ְɿ֣С䲻ٱס
ؿһ۴ңԾصӡ

ҪͰְؼҵġСӾؿŹүӣһ

ỳԼûӽҪڣͼүѾˬߡһ

СѾͷү˵
ҡҡͷϲ̣

үǾίˣ

֪ԼϰƢżҲҪһ˵ôأǰûӦôί

šصͷССί

ʵûסۡһЦ
ỳҲЦø⻶Ī룬һЦ

үӽǳ˳顣
Ҫ
٣ȡճΪˡ





һߣӳصĸҡ

Сûй˼С㡣ƽʱˣϽĿҪѹȥ˵ѾǰһˣζŸõĻͬΪ˸˼Сӵĵġ

ɷĸ첲õѵûһˣ˵Щ꣬˻£ӳһǲˣ
˵ţתͷԸ˸ӳ֪ĸһģǼݿũ֣ĸرãͲ˳ЩʶһҪϲٸ㡭

ˣҪַſڣӾǱ߻ˣ
ôˣһֱǺӵѧϰ㶼ܣֻǮ򷢡ˣӣʲôȥˣ˵۾

ӳüġ
ҵгɣʱݺݺ಻ϣĸԸ񲢲Ϊûɱ̫ߣ顣˳˴뱲ӣͶ࣬СļͥΧгġ

ԭӳЩĸĻԼ£Ҫ档ǣڲ֮ǰ˽̽鵽һϢ
˽ӣѾʮˡ
Ǹʮĺӣٹ꣬ǺϽӰλõǿ֡

Բ

֣ĿǽˣµȶȻڡ
ʢ佫ϾУ췽һк롶ʵϰĸĿȫαϯʢ䡣ʱĺ̺ڣһ飬һвСķ졣籾ȦˣƣӦûĿԼʱҿһȥϡ
˵ỳڽĿȦۣΪ磬ѾΪˡ£ҵıٺãҲ⡣

ӳΪμսĿԼҵжİ
ǣڽĿл죬ù׼ҵĽӰ˾ֻһô̳λʱͺ·ˡ
ϾԷ˽ӣϾѾˡ

ҪμսĿһ飿ɫá

ü
ֻһĿѣù˼ҵļŹɼ۴ǣʱѾˡ

ҪԼҲйỳǵı¡

췽һЩôʵϰĸĿ飬ζţỳǺ̫̫Ҳȥʱ򣬷ͷǵġ˵

ᡣӳЦһӶͻع¶Ժˣǻʲôͷǻعֻ˵ԷСͲܲˡ

ӳģһΣùỳǺĪ뷭
Ͼվ˵ۣһͬķģ¶ԺǸĺӣһں̺Ϸ޵Ӱɷ򣬵ʱڽĿֻϷѡ

ĿһǵӪҵҲˡ
Եĺͨͨ³



ĪյʢԼʱҲڱϡ

ϯСȴ˷ܵòˡ
裬Сܸ硢̺̽ȥ𣿡
Ҷþúþûмͺ̺̽

Ī룺
ûкܾã㲻ѡ

ڵӰȦĵλҪߺ̺ҲǺĿϯ
ǣĪξܾСʱ˼Ѿˡ

ְ֣̺𣿡
氡ԴСߺ̺ʱ򣬻кܶܶ˸ء
ۣС
ܺкӣǻᴩСװʱ򱦱ܶϲˡ
ְҲᴩСװ𣿡
ģְȥñ䣬ְһҪʲô

ỳǻ£ͱźȥ˶¥ñ䡣
һ·ϣĵúܻ֣˵һһߺ̺ʱ̬

Ī룺
ûͬҪȥ

룬Ҫμʢ𣿡ֻ췽Ǳ߶˺üˣҺг⡣˵ԸμʢĻѹԽĿΪλϯҾãѾܾûгϯĳˣЩƵ̵ĺ̺Ҳû㣬ܡ

áĪ˵μӰɡ

㣺
׼õ˵ǻûȫϣȻôɴ࣡

ãϵһ£ʱһѹͨ塭ԲԣͲҪԼͨ壬һɲ͵ѹŮ

˵˵ţЦ
ôʱ䣬һأĪȻƲɵˡ



ϵĪŶӡ
һ磬Ѿȣڰ칫ϣڴӰϵľ͡

ΪŮǣһʼĪò֪
֮󣬱µܹ˵йڵݼʹһ·۷塣
ɽһ꣬Īع̫СˣμգڽĿУÿ춼ֻŵױе˽ĻϺ̺޶ˡ

ڣ㲻ˡ
ʢϣĪòٴӪҵһܳһ⣡

㣡ˣ֪ͻȻһˮʢ̺ĻĪ㡣Сܽ

üһס꣬

ĪСѳȶȾͲԼùϹߺ̺ӾͿͰ͵شڹ¶Ժ
ұϲĪ룬·˶ѣΪڽĿж԰ôãŶתۡû뵽Ͳ۰ģϲôܲܺأôҪȥ¶ԺӰɣ
ⶼüˣһֱĪŶӵĹٷ˺ſûȥ¶ԺӵƬһΣˣʵϰĸˡ
ֻһ˶ĪʧҲˣ跭

㿴Ⱥװ˿ˮŭͷܲܲ鵽﷢ģ
ӦǶԼҰɣڲ顣С˵㣬ҪĪȥ̺˰ɣЩˮڴһԴģûҪӲӲ

ѵЩСˣбһۡ

С˵ĿѾˣĪֲСѵ裬ûٹܺӡ·˲һô룬ҪΪ˻Ī·Եֵ̫ˡ粻ȥ̺ʱһΪӲߣ鲻أúǱ졣

Сġ
Ӱߺ̺ʵ̫ˣôӶţ˼һ˵ˣơ¶΢Цֻ˵ãѾѹ¶ԺµСһɶ
ôôأ

ûСĻǼۡ
УҲвǴ۵ġ

ȻӰ͹ҲԼ
ΪûҪصȥ¶ԺѺӽӳҪٴˡ
Ҫ°ĪˣĿβۿϷֻҪ۾Ķܿó
Ӱ͹ʲô⣬ֻǣȷʵټһĿ֮󣬳֮⣬Сѵĸĸ罻ƽ̨ӵĶ̬ҽ컹跢ҪСȹӣÿɰǣҲûϢˡ

ģˮѷߣݱ
ڵǰĵĥ˭ôУڹĪ롣

ֻǣζԷҪʧˡ

Ī͹ỳѾѺؼҺüˣ˶뺢ӱţûжϢ
ǣΪСԾɿشڹ¶Ժ

ôЩڵ°ܵĺڷۣϣвСѽķ˿·ǡ
ŵϣСϯİһǳϲ



һߣŶӸĪͰϯ̺Ҫ
ץʱ䣬Ѿ½͡

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ỳǴžӼҷһֲֻŶһֻСӵЬ¥˵ܶˣܹŽڵܣ̫ˡ

СѾĵء
ģѽ

ỳúӴЬĿһһСϡ
ʦæױĪ룬΢΢һ㶣ٴο

ɵأһοĪ봩ʱӡ
һ죬ɫʱͶȼߵɫ߸¶޳Ĳϸѩ׵˫磬ƻιЦʼյ壬ʻ˾ޡ

վȴ
ʱĪŸո¶ͷǣ̫죬ûô˹עӻ᳡ȥһļ

ֱڣỳǻǵʱЦݡ
Ц ǹⶼ۵ף޷ƿߡ

ɪĳȹڣĳС
˵Ļϣһֱһ
һӣҲٿһӡ

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ǡʱĪϸָһֻ̧ӡ

˶Ĭˡ

Ƭ֮۵ȾЦ⣺㿴ʲô
ỳǵĴǣǰһ𡪡

ѽ㿴ʲôۣҲشչ

ỳǣ
Ǹһʦû׼ҵ

ְ֣˵кööװ찲һ£кɫġɫġɫġְֿȥ·ɣҪȥ̺ˣ

ỳǶҪЦˣѹѹСԴӣֹһ䡣

ȵԶˣӻգ۾һ¶С顣

裬ְΪʲô˵Сأ

ĪıСһ޹ǰ컹ǰǹԱͱС̫ˡ




36.  36   ʧˡ

, ʢ᳡ѾΧˡ
˿ŵơʹ죬һƬƬӦԮɫҼź, ȴż

Īķ˿ҲС
ⳡʢ뵽Ƶ, Ĵ಻ǿ׷ķ˿ɼˣԮﻹзǳԺǿС, õƣ߸߾ţȴĪǳ
ֻǺ˵ķ˿ȣǵԳء

ʵҺܵĽ, ˵˺ǷǶ, ̫к, ô˵С
ǰʱ״̬Ͳ, һҵ֣ò׽˵, ȶ, ȴҪ˵, һѹɡ
, ʮ, ʲôû˺ʲô˵ˣơ۸ͬԱǱλɵ˺˭ܸʵҪŽ㣬ڵĵλûܺԼ, ҲӰ쵽

ֻǷ˿ǻô˵ȴʼûе
ΪǼĪ״̬ʱӡ
εգһһɳڣɽĿһ죬ۿźӱ¶ԺԺߵġ
Ī⺢ϻ˼ʱ˿̣Ӧòôɡ

ڷ˿ǵУ̺ʽʼ
ǰһЩвʮСǣǶⳡʢΪӣÿ˶ޱϧعĻᣬŮǴСǴװͺױݶһ˿

ÿһ˵˺̺ľͷᱻȥɷãٽӹСǩֱʣǽǩԼ֡
ʱһһȥȵ˵ңϯ̺ǾͿʼпͷˡ

˿ڵȵԼҵżһ㡣

ȣȣȣ
ڷ˿ǵļУźɫŮǵǳ
ǽһڶСһȲʹùϲ
ʱ̨ŵ̧֣ʹҴк

һŮζʮĴ磬ϸ֮£Ҷܸоԣѵģ˹Ŀ

ȣ뵽ЦŵͲæʲô
˵籾

ڵʼǰΣ֪ǳѲɷõŮˡ
ƽʱ࣬һʼ˵ǶżӣϤ֮Ƕֻ֪һԴǵĻս߰ˡ
СˣȻǿַһ£öԷ뿪ǣȣһӺľߡ

ԥһ£ֻӲͷƤɷã֪ⳡʢУڴ˭ĳأ
ûСһᡣ

ˣ

⡭һãôǵһλ
ˣʵϰĸĿǲҪͻȻʡ

סˡ
Ĺ棬Ϊսߵȣûߺ׳⡣

ҲǡʵϰĸĿĹ𣿡˷һֿЦ˵̫ˣǳģǡʵϰĸĿ飬һǳ뿴ͽĿСαǵĻ

ԺֻĻǰڹۿֱ̺ĹҲǡ
λҳȵģǲ磬һ׷꣬׷֮ȥȫҶϲ
ھ;ķܴ󣬾ŴŴģԸֿᵽУ
ԭȺһ̣
ڴʵϰĸĿСǿ̫

ڴҵڴУʵϰĸĿļαǴźӳ

˼صȥܼӳģΪ˲ѧϰڳڣΪȰҵдꡣ
ʱܴСװôˣڣΪְֺ趼ߣӵıûô

ĵһγϯ̺ЩģС˵ûΪںǰðֻӲͷƤˡ
ߴ磬ߣ

պطôģСЦ춼ϲ£ǾñϾͷһسϯôʢĵ񣬲Եûӡ

ʵϰĸȣߵꡣ
֪סڹԢʱжʵϰְԴϷζû뵽ڣҲҪͷɴ˵ˡ
ó

磬Сһ㡣ӳؿ磬°𣬱
ٱôԴһһ΢Ц

αǶʢװϯһ߹̺ΪոսûãȶȻڣ˿ǵķӦҲҡ
ֻң˼ΪûĪ롣
Ȼ֪ӰĿλͽĿһߺ̺û˿ǻЩʧ

ӭǵġʵϰĸĿ飬Ŀеһƥʵ̫ˡҸղں̨ױʱ򣬻ױʦ۽ĿءЦ˵ôûСǣҶСαʹҴһкɡ

ǵһӹͲģסͲ֮󷽣۵ɤʺá
֮Сѣ֮ǰģʱȻЩţֶܲ

֪ںͷ˿ϲʲôϽλúǺȻ
ȷʵĿСѴкܺóǵ֣ԴȹƯ

״ӳĴǲԾ
ںܺ졣
ǽĿȶȣʱ飬Ȼѡ
ʱͲսĿԼˡ

һ룬ӳ֣װڴͳָ
Ȼʱһϲ

Ī룡Īĳˣ

һɫĳͣں̺һͷСǰ򿪳š

³ģǹỳǣżõĸ߼αͦ
۹ƵĹâʱ£ճĲ

ֱĹֻصʱ״̬
ֱ̫ܺһ˰ɣ
˧˧˧ȸղЩСⶼҪ˧
أΪʲôĪ粻أҪڽʱͰҾܶһˡ
ܺæģһͬѧǼŵСԱ˵ÿ˾һֱڹ˾Ӱ࣬ҪֱǶʱ䵢鶼á
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ļõźܴģܵİ칫ڶ¥ƽʱˣ

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һֻϸ۵֣Ĵϡ
Ī뻺³

ŲɫϵʵأŵĸŸУһ֮ת¶Գ覴õľͱ
ƹĪϣյþѩ׵Ӹޡ
ŷ˿ǵһͷ촽΢΢緢

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ֻǣǼԾɴڹ¶ԺĿ˵ʱȻʶĪ͹ỳԾڳߵȴ
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Ǵ𣿻˵һ˹ڹ¶ԺûŶӰ͹ܸû
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Ϊ˵ƯƯҾͼסͦСظ

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һּپһѴǩһֹ˿ǿһˡ

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ĪĹϵĲɣܲɷöҪһ
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ķ˿ͻȻĪÿѽ
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˳ͷվǩǽǰСѡ
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ϲɷ֣˺þãСЦ⣬ĬĬѡ

ȷְ֮󣬰ż⣬һһ۵дԼ֡
֣Ҫм䡣
Ϊְ˵ˣԶһˣԶһ

ǩԼ֣㣬תͷѱʽ
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뵽ӳһϢ



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ỳǸĪ˵һ䣬źӣ볡

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Сȡ
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ЦˣҲʼЦСӵø߸ߵģ۾ͬ״

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ְǰϲԵɰ𣿡Ӻʡ
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Ц׷ǵĲȵȰְ֡



ڶ峿ĪǱĵ绰ѵġ

֪СˣעԼˣֻ֪ڱЩС̺һߣѾѾз磬Ͼֱ˶ˡߵ

ϵĺ̺ڣĪȷʵޡ
»ɷһ̨ͬʢѣһڵѣȺĸŮͬգһʱ䣬Ī˵סˡ
ʱĻǰֵǶҪֵȥˡ
ĪܿҪ飬ʱµɻڵӰӳƶƱô룬ǰһƬ

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һ磬ǵصһٳ˵ĻҪж
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㿪ü΢΢һš

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뱻װס
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ĻҪٱͶˡ˵ģ뿴ýá

ӳֱˢЩĻЦһ
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ãǲȥôܲ鷳ѹ¶ԺԺֻһ򵥵Ĳɷá˵

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ģģӰ͹˰
ֵŶû뵽ǾȻôûеߣΪȶȣ¶Ժ˵Щȡأȡء֡
ȫû뵽ȻıˣǽĿ£Ҳ˵Ӹðڹ¶Ժһ춼УӰ̫͵ˣû³ġңǷĬĬ°¶ԺôСѣ𸺵ǵѧѣһСĿЩˮˣĲʹ𣿡
һֱﶼ룬ԶŰְͺˡǣҴûôΪʩˣƽĶۣҪӰˣԲԼôһ鷳ǣûпô࣬һֻϣӺá
غøжʵϰĸĿôۺǰֵãܺӰҲֵá

ϵĹ֮ǰûĪ͹ỳǻʱ֮ǰСڽĿеı֣ǿ޵ġ
֮ǰҿƬΣڲٿرܣǿӾС˵һֻҪԲģҲ˽ܡ

ڴ۷׷ʱѵ·һͼƬۡ

ҰھԪֿһ̣ܶˡҼӰȥæȻܺӰź࣡

ͼһҼªСꡣ
ǳ壬ֻһˣǹỳǡĪͰ
̵ðһڵЦȴԵ̻ʮ㣬Ǽһ㣬˸еů

̫ÿˣЦúÿġ
ĿǵļԶɢЦҲǽĿ޶ˡ
ϣһҸֵȥ
Ԫ̣λѣະȥְæҲҪˡ

ǰӳɫ࣬ȭصڰ칫ϡ
Ϊʲôһ㶼ĪԸ

ôͬķĵˡ



й¼СС粨ƽϢ

ΪӦø˿һһڹٲһŰƬ
ƬĵģСѴ˯£ڼпĿͨͼϣǰһߣСϣ˼Сż
ú棬ͷû̧һȥֻܿĽëཱུС

ĵķ˿ͼƬŴ󣬷·΢һоĲ֡
Ӱ͹ܵļҷǳ󣬿Ľһܸ٣ǵʱڽĿ͵ġ
ɳϻһݣͼװ޺ܲʵ̫ͯȤһЩ

ĪôƷλˣȻ̳Ļݽҵţʵ̫ЭˣĲܽƯĴ
ֵֹСȷʵǰû취Сϲֻڼˡ
Ҳ¹ܶ⻬ݿ϶ûһӰһ֮ǿаϹͺӵ̫ˡ
ô˵ܲҪӵ𣿲˵׷Ī룬Ǻܸ߹İ
ڽĿϴ·Ϻ̺˧϶Īѡģ˵ÿϰ֮ǰǲǶҪϱԼʲô
˵̫ܳšиŮС֣ǹŮ۹ҲһѾӰֻԼһЩˡ

ְ֣ôˣڰְߣʡ
ỳͶ䣺

˵߶أһı顣

ỳЦСԴĻƽܳһʱ䣬Ķ䶼Ҫˡ

Īбһۡ
ÿʱÿ̶ҪһСģҪȥͺ飬û뵽Ȼĺĺ

Ȼڹỳǻµ˲䣬ɥشԴ

Ī뽫õ·Űɳ

ֻҪһѣһ죬ʱʱؼҿġ˵

費ܲ𣿡¶ʡ

Īһ£Ӱ֮Ӧܳµʱڼ
ЦŰοӣܶÿ춼Ҫȥϰ࣬ϲܻؼ㱦ֻùһ죬Ϳڼ㰲ʮ졣

Сúࡣ
һСʣʮǲǱһҪѽ

ỳϸһˡ
С߼ͦܡ

ĪЦã˫Сô˵Ӧôأ

֪ô죬ֻǲֿ
Ǻþ֮ʣҿԸһȥĵӰ𣿡

Ī˵ȻУҲͬƬġ

ỳЦ庢ӹԣҪӰ蹤ְֿԴȥ԰档
С۰Ͱ͵Ī룬ðβί˵ܹԣƬæѽĲͬ𣿡

ĪʧЦע£ص˸Ƶ绰
ӻؼҲãаȫУƶǶģǺ뿪
ӹɣֻ֣Ҫ˵ʱȷʵܴСһġ

Ī룿Ƶ绰ͨصֻĻϷŴ󣬡𣿡

صġȱְæи

صܿʹĪĻҪѹǰɣû⡣
ڹңԱԴһˡ
֮ǰļϷҲԱҪˣԼŵùԷȿۻ飬׬Ǯ˭ûʧ

ô๤֣Ҳȱˣ˭ã
ʤĪӡ

Ҫܵ˭ʲôרҵģʡ

صСӵ۾ˡ
ѽ

Ī룺
Ϊʲôصƣ

ص˺ܾãĪıЩɡ
ѵǾ˽̫Ϊˣ

ûģߴٵҶǴУĴ򹤲Ǵ˵ûʲô˼ģ˭

ỳͬؿĪ롣
СһӰ֣һ裬ܹƽ

Īʵڱߵû취ֻӲͷƤĬĬתֻĻ
ĻϣһŴŴŴٷŴ

ֻ¶òЦۡ

ص
򡢴̣

ʧˡ




37.  37   ׵Сߡ

ۡ

, úʤһ˲Ϊ޴롣
ǴУôɴ̣


ղŶѾһڴӦĪˣ˵̫, ǲǲ̫Բ

ʤü˼

ֻһͷİĿϴݵ, ͷᣬһֱúᡣ
忴, ŨܵüţǺܰƢӡ
СӺˣǶɽƵģֻص軳

Ī½Ƶ绰, ĵ, ûʲôרҵ, ׶԰ûüϡ
û¡Լں֣εҲ, ģˡ

ʱ, һ˼ǵĺص۾һ, ϵɡ

Ī룺

Ϊ֪, ʤżƢ, ʱ, ԸгЭġһֱִӰƬкֽȫΪӰƬҵԽϵúܺãڣʶֻĻСӲ򵥡
ʵϰĸĿսûãСǣǵ, ټĪ͹ỳǾ¶Ժʲҳƾ٣Ҳ˼ΪӰ졣
һж˵ˣСȶȷǳߣȶżߵҵֵ

ȻʤԼϷҪġ
ȶȿԣýʽ

ӰмСԱĽɫ͡ʤɤӣô˵һĿʽٵˡ

ཡһ죬ɴعҶƵ绰
һޱݾС㣬ܵҪɫͯʱڡ
һЩʹСɫҲٲһϷ

ԸȥˡĪתͷӣãȥ͡

Ϊӻ˵㵸˭֪Ųӣͷҡɲ˹ġ

ȥСְֻ

źӣװͰ͵ġ
ҪһȥˣԸڼͰְִһ

Īһͷ
صûô˵õĴӹȥ棬ôʱأ

˵˵֪Ǿúʤĳ಻ϲ

ǲòȡˡỳ׼ʱҸղŲ˺صݵϣȻûаְô˧ϻǹȥġ

Ī룺
ôԼ
ʤƢǲ˵㣬˼вŻֲһ󲨷˿ء

㲻ԸȥҲãڼְ֡ỳ˵
ôʱļͥĪͻȻȥ飬̫ϰߣҪĸŮһˣ͸Ӧˡ

Ҫϰ࣬ôӣ
ðȥҰң°֮Ұӻ

СһĿһ⡪
̼ҵϴүףǵף



Сĥһһʰ
ڰ˵ϴү͵嶼ϲѷֲ١
ȻˣֻܶԱȰְֺеĵλˡ

ȻְҲܺãֻѡһĻһš

ĸŮһҪȥʱˡ

뵽Ҫ뿪ңסְ֣ϡһڡ
ðְֹشڼҲһ۵ġ

ỳǱűһᣬֹţ˵˺һĻ

Ī䣬ѷĸŮһѾ

Ǹˡ˵
ỳǰŰС֣һ£ְҪһ

Դ
ʲôѽ

ʱˡ
ظϵóһӣ绰ֱѾˣ

ϹỳԲɫҲΡ
ǵһ绰ֱ˹̨֪ԭСӰ绰Ҫ֤ɵˣϻȥҹ֤һһأ˲ʱ䡣
Чʵ͵Ĺֻܱ

ۣǵ绰ֱлл壡

ӹòĵлο˷顣
ип̫̫񰲰һȾͺˡ

ó绰ֱϡ
ֻ̫̫ӵͨѶ¼бСӦ绰Ƶͨ

ܴѧ᣺壬ͨѶ¼ﻹܼӱ𣿡

ᶼˡ
⺢ãĺء

̺̽㡢Сܸĺ룡˫ġ


ˡ



ӰĿʽǲܳٵģʱ䣬Ī
СǹҪˡ
һûӵʲôΪԼҪʧҵû뵽ûʧҵһӽݹ
һչĪ룬һչ˰ԣ

ķͣ⣬ƨƨߵظ³

ýһѾˣȴӰƬ˫ǡĿʽ
Ǵģ˹עʽ֮⣬ҪģĬĬ۲ĪĻ
λӰˣһ˶ıֿܲµǲʲôڳͷɵ£ͬһ飬ЩĶǵĳ棬ֻҪĵ룡

ȻýǲûĵһĻ
Ϊʱ˿̣Īһ棬Ϳʼҧ䡣

ô
˵᲻衭
ۣİְǲҪˣ
࣬ˡ

λӰ˵̲סЦոǢ
ýһʱһתֿĪߵСӡ

С㣬ȻҲˣ
Ƭһģȥֻ֮ἤѡ

ӰʦһģԴ˺޲
Ϊվڽ䣬ְִ绰

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Ҽ״׷װȴóֻܾ
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ỳֻǹһĨǳЦ⣬ұ˸Եȡơ

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绰ֱغںӷཱུСϣһ죬˷ܵ˵ְ֣ǵƬ

ỳߵ⣬ӰǽߣֻƬ𣿡
ҿ˿־ԼС첲绰ֱͷ׼ƬɨһȦѽ

ھҪעⰲȫæʱ򣬲ܣԵƤỳǶ
СӵͷһԹԵģְַİɣ

ỳǵЦãְŰչ˺Լ衣

С۾һְֵĻϡ
СܼңҪչ˺ģ

ȺСԱȥһϷϾҪˡǹ֡

һɴӦʹյ绰ֱͷϣС˵ְ֣Ҫȥˣ

СӵҶϵ绰ֻ֮Ļ濨˰ӡ
ỳֻǵЦû
ĻϰŴ֮ͣʵеС졭
ǲ˵ġ

һʼҶļصȴܽӵ绰
أһ̲סˣеİԻȼ

ڸ˭ӵ绰Цúᡣ
ܾûЦôˣڼôֻ꣬һǰմϻǻǰʱĽĿ￴Ц
ܿģҲģʹֻԼӰ࣬ẰһӰˡ
֪ں˭绰أ̫̫ŮһڶӮҡ



˫ǡĵһϷݰСԱϳ

Īȥױ
ݻҪױ䣬ֱ˰ױ䣬ǴСǻױĹ߶һģһҪìܡ
Ȼ󣬽ֱӾͼһױˣʱ˵˵ЦЦ

žӣһɨϷСӡ
Ī绰˵˴̵飬ֱ֡
ʱȤǲףССҪ򹤣ʱСѻдҵѾɰͷˡ

ĪҲЦˣ˳Ŀ 򰲰
ӵһϷ֪ԼʲôֻһãȻؿŵˮ۾ԲԲġ
һСľ͸ԼȡһĵӰĻᣬûء

ҪĵһڴԺ׷ֵϷһСˣۡһ޳ίίġ
СڱָЦ

Ѿˣ֪Լʲôֻ⡣
¶СֻܸϴҵĽŲһԺ

ůԺÿСЦǴõģĪǸɫͯʱڵСԱżϼװһӣžડһˤڵϡ
СЦ

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õ˵⺢ݹܶೡϷһıݾΪʲôˤӶˤôʵ

Сͯǵæܹⲻǣתͷ߶ԼŮСɣ彲Ϸ֮ٿʼݰˤľͷҪһ㣬ҪȻݲġ

СͷתͷԺżܽš

˵صҪͱСԱˤʱľͷˣͷһֱڵϰɣӱϾǺӣۣˤġ

ʤԣû±š鷳

СɵϷݾЩ
ûܼԱĻһƨڵϡ
ţСѶվһԣָЦ

ôһЦСˣͷ
ʤĳ׸ڡһվ

ߵСǰһûɫתͷԼ衣
һΣŮǣһȥ

ʤֿ򰲰ˤˣСЦΪʲôЦ
ֻȺԱҲˮ㣬һĵӰÿһϸڶѹأˣ԰ҲиҪġ

ۡӣС
ʤ˸ۣ۵ġ
ˤô᲻أСˡ

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Сֺ˫ֽգţСʦ˵ܳЦˡ

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£ʶһ
Сӵ䣬ëһΪϵһ
ţգգ۾ʱỨ

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СѾˣҪ衣

һĻĪ첽߹ʵݣôſˣ
ҲĲ޵һ̱øƯüһš˵صôأ

ص
ô

ôСֲԼԸ㵱СԱġǰϸӣѾܺˣֻǸСˣͲܶ𣿡

վһԵĹԱǶסˡ
ŵôʱ䣬ҼԱϹϾӣûġ
ŮǽεΡлֱ˵ӣֻôƢԴص
һʱ֮䣬ΪһͬᣬԺصԸ񣬾ӰҲ棬ӰŸտģֱӽʲôѵģ

صüֹ˭Ҫˣ
ҪӾ͸ˣҺþۺɢֱúȥУΪʲôҪ峺ŭ⡣

ĪİıҲҪӳֻѹûԼᡣ

صãȻˣû
ſˣǻС̵ĸˮһ˫ɵԲġ

صؿ򰲰Լ˵ǲǺܺͰˣ

ٴգգ۾ķȸˡ
ÿۡ

Ҳһ̣ʤɫȻһ䡣
ͯĪСͯѾ飬ɫͯʱڵСԱʱգۣźشⲿϷ
Щ죬һֱͷۣ˾ȥҺʵĺӣڣʵСԱǰ

Сһﳤÿɰһ˫رۣɫ裬ͺڵģıϡ
С˵

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СѶԴ˻̫⣬̺ܿ͸ˡ

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СӻȻ

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ţ΢һ£ھ鲻ôܲܰԼĸ߸Ьù

촽д𣿡

ʱ򣬰աȥĪ룬ֽϷʱļɡ

ڵϿӰƬݵĶǼٵģݵĻԼ뵽ɫУͿݵʵˡĪĵؽ͡

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ɳ̲ˣڴӰӮʤһ̣Цúÿѽ

ӵĹǾǼٵġôվӸ߸ЬţĽֱӽ߿Ь߹

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֪ϸû֮󣬰еĹâϨˡ
裬˺һڽʵ

Īοôûأ϶еġ졢С̡
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ͷնӣ

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Action

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СѶָЦ
ֻаСɣˮգգֱӵƲȥ

ͷСѵϷŴ󣬸˸д
СĻúⳡϷ֮ڳֵҪЧ
֮۵ֱеίǲǼСڳЦԼʾص˻ȥ

Ҳ֪ԼݵĻǼٵģǱɫݳӡ
ڿС۵õ֮оԼСƨҲˣһ⣬źһĶֱۣҪȥ

õǵĿ֮Сᣬվק֣ͷҲصˡ
̶̼СɽĪɫͯݻˣһȡ

ݼȻûСôҲɫ˵ֵúܺá

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һأܵһ룬ԼûдЬַɱȥСѾЬЦеع
ǸС񣬾ǶƵġ

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ܶʱĪ붼㰲һ棬ʱҲ鷿籾

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ŮһȥæʲôóԵĲźá

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ڣĪͰڼңҲڼš

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ܺú壬ֻһ˿ƶѣһһСʱ

˲ʡĵģžֻˡ
һʼʤ֪СݼĪ룬ȫѡ֣״ֽ̬кã״̬ѵʱҪͷˡ
ʤÿһԱҪ󶼺ܸߣ˾ú̸һ̸

ֻεεģǸƢĴС㣬һСҪɫ
ֻǲ֪ӦôͨĪһط·סǡ
ϾĪǽˣڱϣе

ʤһž籾ȥ

عͷϷ˳ĳɢڼϣ˼ֹº͵ʡ

ļϷ±ֻԡǺͽطⳡݳȣǲġ

ʤ˵ߴķӦ
ΪҪû뵽չľ籾

ôȣ̧ͷʡ

Ϸ棬û̫ߵľ򣬵ԼҲҪġ
ݼӲȶżᱻԸⱻأҲúŬ

͵֣̽޳ϸָָž籾ǿκʦҵĺѧ

ֻͽñطϲãöһ㣬˵ʱôַģʱĶԹϲԼʱļҳޡʤվߣϸϷ̧ʱ̵Ľë۵Ӱ

ĽϷᲢĪҲһרעš

һԵİšСüͷֻϷ̫ˡ
岻˵°Ϊʲôһôʱѽ

С֪ôߴ˽ֻվһԣȴ
ʱĵ绰ֱˡ

ǰְִģ
һϲҪһ㡰Ȼһ̧ۣϵ

Сӵ˽ͨûдǣ̧Сܵȵľͷ

ְ֣

ỳǵ
ղү壬һСʱȥԾѷʤ
ͼүӣ˭֪˼ҶĿģͳ
֮£ỳֻһ塣

ӹ˼ҳ룬̰壬ȥүӡ
ֱǿСһỳĪ飬ϳ֮󣬸Ӵ˸绰Ҫ˵˵

ỳЦʣûְ֣
СͷǶְ֣

ⷬǰԼ˵ġ
ỳǾ͵ĸŮѾˣ˲̵ġ

صСŴ۵
һ췢飬һһְ߰֡

ҽСɣСɰıɷָҳԣ
贩һϷƯ˵ۣƬǲ֪ô㷢ͣһҷ㿴ѽ

ʱˣҷԸģ˰æ

СƶǶصͷǹ㣡

һͨỳЦο
ֻͻȻ֮䣬ˡ
ôãôȥү壿

ڸʲô
ǿҪط

ỳʵŶڸʲô

̧ͷĪһۣʵ㱨ں졣

ỳоӴҺи׵Сߣ

һ裺𣿡
һۣȻòģ

ٴμѿڣ𣿡

۵СٴԾģĿģЦ

ỳǣ





38.  38   ѧˣ

Ҷϵ绰֮, ỳǴ򿪳һֻֿڴϣ뺢Ӹղ˵Ļ
صʲô˼Ѿչ, ȻĪ죿
ϽҺʤϡ

ʤʮ, ƯһִĵӰѾƱ, ֮󲿲ȶӣն󽱡ҲϹֲ̺ޱ߷ĳ࣬ҲһƱǵĲ, СΪĲŻ, ԲһݺŮǵİ޾
ֻ, ô꣬ʤûкκŮǴš˵ΪƢ̫, ŮǶµҪ

Ī϶
ʶô, ỳǸҶ϶, Լ̫̫û¹κˡ
Ѱˡ

޳ָֻĻ, һ·¡
ʤûз˿, ·Եܺ, Ƕġ
ỳЩͷҳ档
˭뿴Щʺƨ

ĥƬ̣˫ֻԼĵ⡣
ҳϣһһðһ仰

ʤûУ

֮, ỳǵѡ
δ顣

͸Ѱˡ

ܰһֻʾˡ
ǰһͼƬ

ʾʱỳǵ˼ο塣
Сȷʵף˵Ҫգ淢ˡ

㿪ͼƬȷʵĪ롣
ݵǧһͷˮƾڸϻϣϸָŪġ
īɫ˿ǿƣ¶޳Сȣ̬Ŷַ֣Ǵӻ߳һ㣬Ųۡ

òϣСߣʵ̫ˡΪԼĪƬ϶һ֪ġ

ỳǶƬ˺üΣʱֻʾˡ
һƬ
ǰְֵСްֶ֪෢һš

ỳڴش򿪣ָһ£Ҳһ¡
Ļϵģǰ۵Ƭ
СӱԲʱǻؼ֮󣬳ԵøˣСͦø߸ߵġǸյ˺ոӾͱһɾСˣûܰѶջ
ֻ۵ӣмСǧģ

ỳʧЦһƯ
Ư𣿡Сӻظ

趼Ưظ֮󣬹ỳǻòֲһ䣬ѵ绰ֱһֱ۾ġ



һߣǹ˵
Ź֮㿪绰ֱĻϵСȣְ˵Ļ

趼Ư

ͳƵصھƵķС
Ī΢΢һعͷϰãС顣

ôˣĪ߹ȥ˫
ְԼҴöƵ绰˵ҿ绰۾޹

Īһ˵ʵְһ򼸴ε绰
СָͷһΡΡΡһΣ

ĪЦ⣺ôడʲôأ
ڸʲôڸʲôûнѣϷò桭

Ϸ𣿡

棬Ҳ档˵ֻһΣͺ档һĻҪ˵ܶܶ飬Ͳˡ

¾ͷǹԹž籾ϵ̨ݼȻ
ʤ֪ĪۺӣԸðȥֻԼĳƢ¶ͰЦݡȻ˿صƤЦⲻЦֳһ׵ģѾǵװͰ¡
ȻûˣӱϾרҵԱ̨ʱĿİʱƮ

صÿһϷҪǾ󾫣һһȥ
ĵöˣʶϷɵ顣

ΪʲôֻһΡأʡ

ʱǹ۲ġ
Īһ˵Ϸݣܶʱֻһξͨˡ̺Ϸʱ͵öļΣٶҲûĵöࡣ
һɰһ̨ʷʮΣ

ҿ籾һϷȵϷðְֽؼҡĪຢӵСԴƬʣúӴƬ£СԸ⣬ԼҲã̫ˡ

ۡûоܾҲְˡ

ԼϷͻؼҺ󣬰ȥϴС˯ϴ
˯ǰǹ绰ǷҪͯСܾˡ
Ҫ軳˯ģ

Ű˵㣬˵ҪڴϷһֻСģԸǹȥ˯ڸմͷʹ˸Ƿ

Īֱģǵķ˿СӺܿͱ˯ˡ

ʱĪ룬Ҳ׼ȥϴϢȴͻȻյỳǷ΢š

gyc̽ࡣ
Ī㶨𣿡
gycûС
ĪúӲڼң°ðɣһϷʲô̽ģ
gycǺðɹ
Ī
gycһʲô˼
Ī˼

ֻͷỳǱ˰죬һŭա
ĪʱԭЦΣεĳ档
ʧЦҲһ

Ѿص˾ӰĹỳǶֻ˰졣
ѾظˣҲǸ
һõ廨õ廨һһϣϻЧ֡

ỳ𱡴
ֶ˵ˡ

칫⣬ΪȡصظӰķ°ͣĬĬ͸ŲԹϡ
Ŷ͵Ц
ԣɵЦ

ղ˾ʱǰ·˭ǵӣôͻȻ֮ˣ
˼ܾãóۡ
϶̫̫õġ



һߣĪΪѾˡ
˭֪ỳֻ˺üȸԾȱ

ǴصЩСѧģ
ֻǰӹ˾Ⱥģ

ԲһĹĬĬ죬ĬĬõӣĪ벻Ц
ƽʱ㣬ŰһȺ˯Լ顣ڣеãرȥ˵˵

Сѵ˯ܺãֻҪ˯ţһ
ĪﰲѱҴãٰӺͳʣڴߡ
һ˯಻̫ʵСӼҲˤȥˡ

顪

ʱ䡣
СˣԵȦĹϣ˵ھʱŮǵš
ڴϣװû

顪

Էִ̫ˣҪõʲôʱ
һ裬ѹѹԼϵĤߵűߣţ˭Ҫ˯ˣ˵

Ī뿴һֻϵʱ䡣
˵˯ǰСѧʱû˯ô硣

˯ɡĪ˵Ҫȥ

ʱš롱һͿˡ
ϲô㰡

Աͬ£ϷʱҶͿģϢʱ䣬Ҫͬ´һ˵ЩеûģûôС
βһĪͬˣ

ֵԼĤԵ˵ұҲȥģ뵽Ҫ˯³û𣿡

ĪֻĻ
ĻĻ棬谵ģܿ˯С

ȵô쵽ģ
Ī˵Ҹĵ绰ֱ˸Ƶͨ

Ļϸ˿ǺõıӡڴصӺͳʣصظСҹơ
ȷʵѧһ衣

ɵأĪۿԼ˵Ļ
йһŮֻǺ´ʱزۡ
ӻڣ⼸Ī룬һúְܿɡ

Ӱѵ飬˸⣬ԼϵĤ£ĤܺãҴԵģһһС

һмƬ


һ䣡

ƵĻãϾڽ˵϶߼䲻Īֻڴϡ
ţԼļθ龭

ʮ겻ĪǵöʱǸֻ֪УſŶＹͻȳСѣ˭֪Щ꣬ɺˡ

߽߿Īһı飬ƮƮȻ
ڰ֣һֵģûʲô겻ˡ

Īˣû뵽ôѡ
ѹһӾͺ˶Сۣһӳͷ
ⷽ棬ȷʵо鰡

Īϸһ룬ֽһ

һѣϹĸ鲻̫áǰǶܽϹʼıˣ˵ĸ黹ǲ䲻ȣÿϹǰһͻΪָԭÿһΣϹǿջϲһô꣬ǷֹҲ־ӹ

üšʲôѰôˣ˵Ҫ־ͷ֣ҪϾͺϣ

ĪһʱȻ
ʱţԹ˲Ͼڣ֮߳ʼ˼Լ
ȷʵܿɣͷβǱڹ

Ȼ֮䣬ع񣺡Լ

Īৡһºˣǡ

ͻȻʼƣ˷ܵðܰѹ֮֮ȥҵĽã

Ī룺
̫˫ˡ

һϣĪķ˺ܾá

򿪵ӣ˶ʱ顣
ʱÿϣܸĸҪ׷硣
ͱ˯Сȴø߸ߵģӾĶѧУһظĪ룬Ժ󳤴ˣҲҪ׷磬ҹ׷ñ߳տ׷

ֻڣտǲܵģǶ뱣ġ

ˮɡĪ˵

̾Ĳ鲻Ըƿˮ

ӰſӣһһƿȪˮ
ͷʱǾȪˮƿ˹˹ȥ

ȻȪˮζô˶ʱĴ롣



ڶһ磬ʱ費ߡ
ǹڷŶֻ
СˣЦϺѽ

ǹսӵ֪ͨĪʱԼһΪǶѵ顣û뵽ԭôɣ
ֱСʹ޲֣һԼ·ˢϴʲôᣬ緹ʱ˲ġ

ʱСŰӣһҧһڣԵñ㡣
ţ̣ҲжһһǸȵնĹҵģȥ

ǹҪЦˣСԴȳ緹ʹȥƬȥˣȽæ
ѾȥƬ𣿡ʡ

ǰʱȥˡ

ʱûиһر硣

ǹ˵𿴵ԱĹʵʱҲ̰ڵġϷĵ͵Ⱥڿףױʱرϡ

ͷ
࣬ҪԹԵģԼԼ棡

緹󣬰ְִ绰ʺãٴεõһ

ְֶŵݣһҪ㱨

ˣСظӦ



һգеעڵϡ
ֻҪһи紵ݶͼĵףΪְ˵ˣǰְСߡ
Сôʧأ
֤ʹ

ֱֻԼϷݽ죬Ծûʲô˿
ߡ˼

̫æˣʵûʱ⣬СӾֻȥʺʤ

ʱ䣬ദû
һΪĪϷʱܻһСʣڵߺһı֡
üεĻΪ֮󣬺صڰǰʼձִЦݡ

ңƬСʵ̫ˣöһվںʤǰԴȥҸ˵
һҲˣʱһЩ鷳ıԼʹӹκ뿪ʼ

֮󣬺ʤС˵Ŀ塣

壬ʲôߣյصǰСʡ

ʤæתͷӡ
СѵƤѩѩ׵ģپƯھ齫ʮʱ䣬һ㶼ڡ
СҲû취Ƣ

ֻȷʵæڰ֣ܵȥʻױʦ

صͷСȥʻױʦ

ױʦĵذƤһߣ֮۾ͻִƯ㿴λûߡëڸϣͽˡܻŶΪ㻹С߱ʺҺܻ˺۾

СԺ˵ױʦ㣬ûߣΪԼСߣ

˵꣬֡աˡ
ױʦףʱϵͬ£֪⻰ʲô˼𣿡

ͬʼ磺֪˵ǲű߼ʵġ

ױʦɡ
ܾûô򵥣



磬Сϣ˫°ͣһµ⡣
߻ߣ

ӵı̫ˣʤע⡣
ͻȻ֮䣬ʼԼ

ǲΪʱ̫ͷ˵Сˣ

ԥ֮£ʤתͷһ۳ǣ԰˵ϴǲǸ

Сһ۾Сһˡ
˲ѣͷѽ

ʤԳ˵԰ɡ

ĪĽǶȥüƨƨߵظڳߣѧϰǰʹ÷
С˵һжʣʲôԸⳢԡ
ҲΪĪŻĹ͵Ӱ
ڰ֮һжѵöȤͯ䡣

û뵽ʤȻð˵Ҽǵ˺ᣬװͰ͵ģ˭֪СӾȻġ

һĳǰ壬оԼ·Сǣÿɿˡ
СҲ棬ûп
ֻĺСĬĬزĬĬȥ
ͬ룬۰Ͱ͵ؿ塣

ʤ

㡣û

СҲ˻ˣСһڳߣصȴᡣ

ĹöεӰû
Сɣ㻹ݹʲôۣ
ܶܶɫȫݱ˵Ů
ԭѽ

ʱ䡣
ҪҹϷھͿճʱ䣬еԼĪȥϵϵԷ

찲ְ־ҪؼˣǴȥԶٺõġ˵

뵽ҪؼңСᣬûгԹϣעͱˡ

ﶼǴܳʲôĪʡ
Ƭ̣⡢С

ۣСӻ

סĪĸ첲ߣȥȥɣлƹСء

ԣʤҲ߹
һֱ˵üҺһȥԡ

û·𱻵ͷһˮĲ鲻Ըġ



С߰һĻ˿ûзϣĵ׾ֻСͻƹС
ԭ˾Ǿ

ֱȥϵ·ϣ绰ֱһ񶯣ְָ

绰ְ֣

Ƕںʤĳϣ˰Īе㼷

СԶ˶첲һСģֱͷԼĽȥˡ

ỳЦʣҪȥ
Ǻ͵һȥϰش

ỳʯˡ

ʱԼǸְֻ㱨췢ˡ
һһ۵˵泡ǰˣǰһãǡžһ£ܺģ

ỳǿջЦ𣿡
ѽúŶͬģͬСһ˵

ỳ۾̲סʣ㲻˵𣿡
岻ˣѺˣҶ˵˧ۣСӼ˵

ỳǣ
군С߱һǰˡ

ڿĺص̧һ۳ӾкͰְĵüɫСӡ

ʤỳǵ֣ܽӹܾͤţסҵɼۻȲһˣô˵ЩĵĻ
⡣

áỳǴϰְֻҪæȲˡ

ȵỳǹҶϵ绰ʤžã񻰡
һæˣȤ˧˧

һߣỳǹҶϵ绰֮һַ֧£޳ָڰ칫޹ɵá

ļ߽칫ҵķ˫һҲ֪òý
ÿһΣеʱָⶼû칫һüġ
˵ӦתȥģֻǶѾù칫ҵˣŤŤܻȥ᲻ǹײ

ֻӲͷƤ߽ȥ
ÿһ鶼ء
ֱüˣͷһ

ʱỳ˵ˡ

Сȥһ롶˫ǡƬϵꡣ


ܻôΪˣ



ĪҲ֪ʤΪʲôҪһϡ
صôƽ׽˵

ڷԱĴ£ǽ˰ᡣ
ʤѲ˵ݸʲô

Ī룺
ˡ

ССڶ棬÷ԱƼ˼ƷСѰԵƷ
Ůǲ˾׷̫ˣΪ˱˷ѣȫƴ̴֮˵øĪ롣

Ҫʲô𣿡

ĪЦſ˺صһۣúصɡ
ֻǸ䷹ġ

ü̴ʳָ󶯡
ϴ֣ߣС·Ĵһ㣬Եýζ

Ī棬š
أصҲ뻰⡣

ԽԽ㣬ȵԱţڶʱŵƮζѾȲˡ
ֻСӲô˵ĿӣæСװ

ιɡĪ˵

ͷҡɲ˹ģҪԼԷģ

ͺʤʧЦ
Сѣڰ׵϶ӣöӼӣȻ˵ԼǴӡ

ޱȼ֣ںԼԷȨ
Сһֻıأһֻӣ㲻ÿӣҲܳԵú㡣
׽һС顣

ĪЦˣ־˾СǼ⡣
Ҳ֣ҲҪҲҪ

СӻΪڶԼ棬ض
ʤתЦ˵۾ҲЦ

Цصڰᡣ
Ȼűˡ

˵ġԱż

Ҷʶŵķ򿴹ȥ
һӰ

Ī룺

ְ֣

þûְ֣ˣӳɱ
ỳСӣȵ˵Ҳ̫ˡ

ǵһμỳǣϻ˶ϣǲûʲô
ʱЦʵ̫ˣһ𣿿ɣ

ʤҲĪ룬ɣ

ỳȻرŰ߽ĪߵĿλϡ

ϵﶼ˵
ǰȻ¿ģܴ󡣱Ƭڱǽƽʱûʲô˵ģΪϵһϵһӾʹˡʤ˵
ͷ÷Ա˲˵ټӼˡ

Ī뿴Ȼı֣кɡ
ʤῴ˵𣿾Ȼûֹỳרģ
УǺСϷ

ѵԹỳ̫˽⣬ֻԼʱ䳤ˣݼ¯ࣿ

Ī뿴ỳǣöǵЦݡ
NɪֵóѵЦݡ
Цݾͺ񰲰Աܣǲͬ⣬̸֮ӵģ

ỳθڴ󿪣죬
ںܶǰ֪Сѧͬѧ
ǣһĪҪȥʱʶ֮Ĺϵȷʵܺá

һֱĪ붼ûʲôѣһμѳ顣

Ī컹ءЦе˵

ỳ̧м
ԭԼ

ʲôˣʤڲ廰

ỳǣ
ʲôϵ

ΪʤڳûнĻ⣬źشûᣬʰԱ𣿡

ͷСڰְֱֵϡ
ỳǵͷȳۻҪ
һں͹ʱԼӣһǹȵСްֱӮҡ

ãǵơԱһơ

ȵģƺıָҡ

֮ǰĪ̫ƣΪſʼ䡣
Щӣжȷھ𱭣᲻ȥһڱ˵ĻС

ĪҡҡͷҲȡ

㲻𣿡ʧ˵
صı飬Ī˵ˣһɡ

ỳ۾
ȰŮǺȾƣʲô

ʤ̧ۣײϹỳ⣬Ŀơ
ţֿһԼĪǰƺ¡

ú𣿡Īʡ
ڸвỳ治ɫصһ

һٷԵƶùỳǺͺʤˡ
ûȶ٣ص͸оˣֱľƺˣˡ

ỳɨһۣתͷ򰲰
Сãÿźţ֪ĪҪͺصԷ

˵ʱ򣬰ˡ
˹󣬴߳ϵꡣ

صʤǽߡ
ҡҡλεӣỳ¶ʤߵЦݡ

ʱص˵Ǵ򳵻ȥǼˣˣһɡ

˵ְֵĳôôۣղ˵Կ
Уµġʤ£ֿỳǣͼҰ֣ǰɣ

ỳסˡ
е죬Ҳɹ

εðɡ
ʤ̧ǳ

ỳǣٴ

ֱϵ򶨣Ŀڰϡ
СӵЦģԴʱ޹ӡ

ỳһ
˵õСأ
ڻɣСֿԼһΣôģ

һĿϡ
ỳĵתͷĪ봽ڲסЦݡ

ѵ𣿡ü˿ʤķ
ʲôۣʡ

ỳǣ
Ȼ֮䣬Լ̫ѨĪϡ

ͷ

ĪֺֺЦڿʼװɵˣ
Ҫһƣգľѡ
ȵϢ΢΢һ

Σ˵ʲô˵ţһְֻ䣬

µֻװˡ
̫

ͬʱỳʶһ⡪ҲҵСްˡ

ҵСްգգ۾İְ֡
ˣ
Цˣãѧˣ




39.  39   ޻ڡ

ʤ˳⳵

ӻͣ, 򿪺š
ʤڱϵţѾˣͷųҲҪȥ

˿ûŲ, ֻĪ
˶Ƭ̡
ʱһһţ, ʤǽӲϺš

, 򿪳΢棬ķ˿
ѾϸʻλĺʤüλͷҪ˵ʲô, ְѻȫ̻صȥ

˾ʦ򿪵̨㲥, һ·Ƭȥ
ʱĹ㲥ŵǿֲºϼ, ±ˣϹı, ˯}ûš
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ֻǻ, ⡣
ƺ, ýζ

ʤðһܸ, תͷ⡣
ʶû, Ҳ˵ϲ, ֻǵͣԼ΢ˣǲԸػأֱӳ
ҶˣԼĺø, ʤǿ϶ǿġ

Ҳ֪˶ãڿڣص

ߣżֽᣬڳص
ʤͷһдڴ

ôƣҹϷǲĲˣԴ˷ܡ
ʤʧ̫Ѩİɡ

һƣΪ˸ӹҹϷ
ϾС㣬Ǻܿݾġ

̫ˡ

֪ʤʲô֪Ļ϶ἤط
ʲôЦǾҵӰĻЩСžţ



һʼỳװ
ֻǺƵĶͣһľѣȻ֮䣬ϣԼˡ

ȥǣ̫Ѷ侲һԲϾս·˭ȵͷ˭ˡ
˰֮ͼı䣬ΪǽĵطûбҪֻӮ
ĸı䣬ǵദںܶ࣬ʱڲ¡

ԹỳǶĪ˽⣬飬˭סһ˵ҲԵСŮƢҪǴﲻ飬ֺαһЭ飿

ỳǿóڱЭ
ܾãĪĥԼ

ʱľѣƴϸ֫ϣˣһ㣬ǲɿ
ĪƲ㱼䣬ǷַֺϺϵÿһ

ʮʱĹỳǺɡ
ǻΪһЩСìܣƢ˵߾ߣҲѡ෴ķһĻûС
ֻǣһ·֮ˣܻ̲ססŲĻͷһۡ
ÿһΣڲԶ
УϱһֲֻŶһŵˣʱȴ޹

ͺڵһ֪û취ʹˣ

¹֮£ͷְЦ
Цú۵׵֮ǰδĹâ

˺þãְװκӣͳһѳԿס

һȥʱỳЩĿ࿴Ű
Сްʱ©磬һһءʱСްǺܶµġ˵ղţԼСݣ˾ȻֻǾشţûгš
СӵĽѾӻվᣬʵڹⲻȥͳԿף뿪ĪĻ

Ŵ򿪣̶ڰȫϡ
һãͿʼԼСȣŰְڱԼ

ǰְ̫ˣͰ͵ظǰʻλһͷ԰˵ԹԵģְˡ

Դʲô˼ͻȻְֶ˵ǵù϶ͯ

£ֿʼװˡ



Ī뻹ûƬյĵ绰˵ҹϷȡˣֱӿؾƵꡣ
ߵƵǰ̨ĽŲһ¡
ỳĵѣ䷿ᱻĵɡ

ĪʧЦỳǣ˾Ҫкӡ

׻ûп䷿ΪֱŰְֵ֣ܵԼķſڡ
Ůվڷſ֮һɵȴ

裬أġ

ĪӰó
ΡһСӴţػӭְֽ

ỳǽ˷䣬
ûжͯ

ֻһΣˣٿʡСôãܹӲš
˵ˣþƵܻͯȹ档

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һڵϴϴʱ䡣
СǵһϵģҲˡ
ĸŮһڴϣ氲ĵ绰ֱ

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ְֹ
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ȻСһҪмģỳѾ֪ˡ

Ī˴ƣֻͷϵһյСƣƵĵƹĸŮϣů͡
ĵ绰ֱò档һƷ˿ڶǰĪۿŪСѵֱ

չʱ½һƬͼֵ꣬ȥ
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ġȡҮġͷġ
ÿһƬǷŴСཱུеٶûĵѾ¿ż

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СӷˣÿûµʱǹֻġЩͱ飬ǰѧġ

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ŰСһţǴԲһࣺǰôôɰ

Դе㲻˼ˣСְ費ҪЦҡ

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ſѲЦ
СҲҪӵģǵס

һҹһŰְ֣һ裬ůġ
֮ǰĺüأԼѾҸСˣԭҸûСġ
ڵСӣܸоԼһһҸ
ζһֱڵӡ

ͷϵСƱϨˣĪ˵ˣ˯ɡ

ҪصѽС˵ںڵġ
ĪḧСӵķ˿һ˵˯ʱСҹƣӰСѵķ
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ְֻڣתС§Ĳӡ
İȫˣ

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Ҳδ֮仹Ŀܡ
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֮ǰСӻȥԼСǵ𡣲һε𣬲˸УΪڵĺǣɶе绰ֱ

СæԼĺڰͨѶ¼ϣԼãһлᣬҪƵ졣

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СƵģıǹ㣬Ҫúùѽ

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һʼǳ죬أ빫˾һЩ硣
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Ī۵׶˼Ц⡣
ʱеô뵽ԼȻȦꡣ

ҲЦˣ˵иѣ׼һսĿҰæȥ¼ơ
ʲô͵գ
ҲȷûϸĹЩգôʽաաաաա˵ǵջǱȽģܰ·ߣҲա

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о籾𣿡Īʡ

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ãȽĿľʽ֮Ī˵
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վתͣ¡
ͷϵ˵СĪڵ״̬ҾͷˡȻ֪ЩϷʲô·̫ˣܻп㻹ᣬǰҲܰЩȥ

Īͷ׵ģߡ



ڰȫϣڴŻؼҡ
СӺϲ¼ңкööߣи٣лݡ

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ѽСԴʣ߰ĸʦ𣿡

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ְ֣ɹʲô˼ ʡ

ǲܰ;ϡҪѧ𣿡

СһӾˣͷҪ֣

ỳּ˵ְֻ׼ڿһǧܣԺͿԼﵴǧˣҪ𣿡
Ҫۣ˫ġ

ỳ͸ĺӾһۣ˵һ鷿һСԺŰְ飬СͷŰĻ汾Ҫ𣿡
ҪҪӰȫϱˣϲ汾

ỳ¶һĨ΢Ц˵ְֻװһͯǷۺɫģСһʿС񡢴˫ģһСӡҪ𣿡

ô̵棬ʱѾг񣬻£ȴ
Ȼ˭֪Сĵ

Ҫ

ʲôʱỳͣͷʡ

ͱίͰ͵˵Ҫһ˯
дӻһ˯ģỳ˵
СͣСҲǴӣҲꡣ

ỳǣ
˵Ҫš



ỳǺ˵˵û˵ͨ

СӷǳйһǡǺ«޻Ƕû취
軳˯ҸˣְָҲǲߵġ
ԼСأ

ֻʮ֮󣬰һʶһ⡪ϵ
һԲϣְ־Ͱ͵̼ˣ

СӵӶˣ뵽Լ̣ĬĬ
̿ɺˣᱧСϴööݮι
Ȼʱݮᡣ

үվԺǵˣԹỳ˵ȥ赸ˡ



ӣỳҲΪˡ
绹иҪѺӴ˾ֻ÷չˡĻӣ
·ỳתһ룬ôۺӣźӳȥתתҲãֱӴŰ˼ҡû뵽ÿʱ䶼ŵԤԼġ

ͰɣҪүӰ򿪳š

С
ҲޱؿŰ

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ȫ

үƳһֽۣ⿪İȫ
СվСԺŰְֵĳԶȥ̾һ

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үûдӵľ顣
ỳǻСʱÿæڹ飬Ϣʱ䣬ڼҲǺͶӴ۵Сۣ˭֪˵ʲô
ڣҲˡ

үӺͰɳϣ˴۵Сۡ

ԿƬ𣿡
Ƭʲôÿģ
𣿡
ɥ־

СӾˣԱУϴү۵Сۡ
˺þãүסˣȥ鷿

ڳæµɩֿϴүıӰ
СǲԼһ˴ŵģΣա
ְ˵ˣһҪϴүȵ°󣬰ְֻᾡӵġ

һ룬С̸Ϲүӡ

үӽ鷿Ҳû¿ɸɡ
Ѿˣҵ񽻸ỳǴ֮󣬾ûٲֻ֣żһʹ˾ѡ꣬£ǿ鿴ԼԼ塣
ʱ˿̣ߵ鷿Ʈǰں̡

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үü㻹Χ壿

ܸʼҫС飬ʦ˵ˣôôʹ嶼Ӯأ
үӡ͡һʦˮƽҪǸ£Ӯˡ

ͣӻˡ
ϴүȻϲ

𣿡үʡ
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ʶǸ塣ү˵ţȻʵ벻ѧ

С֣ԾԾԡ
ûʲôѧġ

ۣ



ӳڰ칫ңԼһȡ

ǻүӵʮ١ʱ硭㱨ѾΪõ׼˶٣ֻֿһۡ
ֻһֱ죬ֻˣôû죿

ûи˼ҷ룿ӳʡ
ͷеġ

ӳ΢΢ף֪ˣȥɡ
ͷֻһۡ

Щ죬躭˫һֱϵӳ
ֻһ绰һϢòκλӦ

ʮСǣӳ˿Ȥ
ᡢƯûͼʲô

ԻӳԣΨһеüֵģ躭˫Īͬ¡
ֻڽĿģĿҲٹĪ͹ỳǵ¡

ȻѾʱ֮ǰɳ˽̽Ȼһ𾪵Ϣ
Īһֱڿҽ

ȵȥ֮󣬻ӳϵ˽̽

һֱ֮ܽǰûбκĵһıСʿһдҪҲ֪ʲôһеģͿڷԣҾȥſڶ׵㣬ҪҪӪҲһʡ

˵ص㡣ӳͷشĻĪʲô

ҽԲ˵϶ǱܵģҵĴʵҲбţֹաĪȥʱôᳵ·ģҲӦһֱڽơ

һֱӳ۾
һʱ䡣˽̽˵Ҳ鵽һ궼ûнϷӦú״̬Ѳϵ

ӳüαһ˫ںףǣЦ⡣  

Ҫ𣿡˽̽ʡ
ӳ˵꣬óֻ躭˫˸绰

棬ҪҸڲ䷢Ϣ
ûʲôͻֻܹ˹ỳǺĪڽĿкͺ̺ϳķͷˡ
ӰಿӰĵãȥ֮󣬡˫ǡĵݻ

绰˺ü
ֱӳҪʧȥʱ绰

躭˫εεģڸһص绰ˡ

ӳżɽһȶȣҪҪ䣿



ỳǰЩðү壬ֻǺеʹ
ʵ̫ˣһǺüСʱôܿԼСްأ

Ȼ˭֪ոӴ绰ʱСӾȻ塣
ңµζģѹûȲ˵ټ

Ҷϵ绰֮󣬹ỳ˼
˹ˣȻͼͷͦã

û뵽֮⣬Ȼбܵүӡ
ǲǸûС㲻ˣ
ỳǷֻЦһ

ͻȻ֮䣬첽ż˵в̫̫ϢѾ֮ǰһʱϢȶȳˣ岻ѣֻ̫̫ô˶š

ʲôϢ

óֻݹȥ
һСǷ΢
Сֻʮ˿һһǻۣϢԭûġ
ֻǣ΢ݻһͼƬ

ĪƬ

躭˫VǺ֣ܲȥҽضСһ𳤴һѣǹâɵģû뵽Ҳᱻⲡܡһˣϣ㻹ãǶáͼƬ

ͼƬھĪĺա
ȻտС׵Ĳģ˺źôҲǱ֤Vģ΢ȻҲһŵġ

˫Ī֮ǰôû
Ȼ֪ڲ䣬֪Īôˡ
Īǰʱ䣬Īһֱûн飬Ǻй𣿡
ģó֤ݣȻ͵ĪŶӵʦɡ
ĪѾˣûдκλϣ֪ĵõôҼǵǰҲиǣΪԭݵӰ֮ȦˣͻȻʼΪĪ뵣ġ

ϵԷɾ΢ỳǵ⣬ȥˡ
ͷȥ졣

칫ʱͷһۡ
̫Ծ

ǰЩ꣬żҲᴫ̫̫ĲϢ
Ȼʱ̫̫̫̫Ҳ£ѹһѹȶȣ̬͡

⣬֮ǰÿһΣеģΨأǳ⡣
Ǽϣʲôأ



һߣүͰ塣
׼ȷ˵ڽ塣

ֻܴСһ̣˫һ˼ѧһЩ
Ȼͺ壬ѹǷַӵ飬иС˶Իо治

ôԼǿ
Сӣػضǰ壬Ĳ鲻Ըġ
ûǰСѾͷɰ

ѽ˵

ү°ͣ²
ͻȻֻˡ

ỳǣүӽ绰
е£ϳٵӰỳ˵

үӦһҶϵ绰ר־塣

һһС鷿˺þãԷʱֻڣֻܿص鷿
һĻɩʰ̲ס͵Ц
治֪ϵСģСϵġ

үദ˺üСʱֶԷôˡ
ͺ͵һֻǱװͰ͵Ķѡ

Сӹ۲ó֮󣬵ӷˣקקүӵ½ǣǳȥòã
үһۣȥ

Դ

ʧ飬үԥһ£ȥ
С۾һ԰

԰ʲôġү˵

ʮ֮󣬹˼˾үӺͰ͵԰ſڡ
һ·ϣ˻ˣıģǰͷ

үں溰㣬ܶˡ
СһǼĺˣɵŪΡ

һڹ԰ţһȺϴүʱͣסŲ
ϴүڹ԰ͤ塣

С˫ֱһվ߿

һûͷϴүüѣ鷳꣬СѾͷڱϣûظˣȥȥȥﵲҡ

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үڵˣô˵ģСվԱߣֵģʲôˣ
ͺͷүüöôվţˣ

ö廰

үһ֣ǼСѾͷö˵µúá
ʹɡԷЦһԼĶվµúã£

үӵ˴뱲ˣúϴүСӾҪߡ
˭֪Ѿһƨ˼ҵλϡ

ۡ

ͺͷϴүǰ

үӣ
š

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ʱүվԱߣԼŮԿ

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үڱָ

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үһԼ£Ҫ䣬⹫԰첻ȥ

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ڹүӵָ塣

ү汾µģơ
ͺͷү۾˫ֲŶ̡

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ԭһµģڣүӲľɡ

С˷ܡ
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вСС֣࣬޻ڡ

ԣͺͷүһ̡

үЦ
ϰ˵ûСѾͷˡ



ỳڸĪ뷢Ϣ
ֱҲһ꣬ڿҽԴһ֪

һ֣ɾ˷֮ǰǵ¼
ǰյǾ䡰ʱĻϲȴֿʼɡ

˶尾


һϣˡ

ϾҪʼˣɶȥ߹ÿվ

ȡ

ǡ

Ȱ˵ỳԿףͷҲصת

ҪȥĪ롣  
ǻѾ˼ƿһΣԲ뿪




40.  40   ֪

, ճС
ĹɶޱĹỳǣоղ̫Ծ

ڹỳߵķ¼, Ŀ˹һۣҲء
û˱˽ȥ
ղ, ܱҪֱȥƬģȻ̫̫˸绰, 绰ͷŮʾúѹػ

ܵ鵽˫ǡһСʱ֮ǰǰȡǰУºصҪѩ
Դˣ, ˶֪صԼƷҪ󼫸, ںԤ, ֻҪҪ, Ҳƽ¡

ֻǣǾ, ԭ̫̫֮ĹϵûȫƱ, ڴ֮ǰ, ̫̫Ϊʲôȫûжһأ
Ͼ, 鲻ʱ, ͻȻɵôԶĵطȥ

µصĿ˭вͬ뷨ỳʡ

ҿʼ

֮ǰ֪ĪԶڱ֮󣬹ỳҲ侲
ԭƳٵ峿ٿҲǰУôһ粻һܻ
, ܶ˾ܲˡ



ɻأ˫ǡǡ

·ݣѩĳв࣬»֮˱ķнǵĽʱͬĹԱǶЩ˷ܡ

ѩƮĪķңԼϵĴ¡
ԭ͹˽ļ¡

ѩĳУڵĻһܿİɡ
СӱѾԲˣϺ޷ٴëñСףѩ̣᲻ѩһ
뵽ĪʧЦ

Сף޷ϣҪԼԴȥŲӣóԼΧĪ뻳

ȥ˵ô䣬ʲôû׼ɵѽ

ĪӹΧԼʵʵģϵ޷ٿԼĴ£ʱԼȷʵеɵ
ȷʵѾȥǵĻƱðϷ֮ͻȥҲСӸԼл̫ܶࡣֻΪԱڸдضǺƽ£ǰ첢û

һ磬ĪѰ֮󣬽ӵҽĵ绰
Էʱʱǰһ죬һ⼸СʱûԼϷֱӴӾƵ
鶼ϵһȥˣ㽫егһɶ

Ǵҳʱӵĵ绰֪ԭѾȥ
֤ڰĪȥ·ϻؼҰԼ

е޷Ѿ飬ھƵ귿ˣʰģֻм¡

ԲĪ㣬ˡǹͷΪǵõġ
˵ţָϽ޷˼˵ﻹ˼޷ȻûôÿҺܱˣ㲻Ļ

Īӹ޷ֱԼĴ棬˫͹ллöˡ

ǹգգۣЦ

Īʱ䲻ΪĪһ궼ûӵʲô֮ദ١
ǹӡģǧ֮⣬û뵽ĪֹӣȻеɰ
Ͳദ

ǹһӾ͸ˣչ˰һչһһˮһҵһƬů
Īڱůˣžһѩʱ۵ײԾЦ⡣

飬رãС˵
ȥҽˡĪҲѹ𣬡ҽ˵һָúܺãһθ

۾˷֣ܵ𣿡

ġĪЦˣϣԺԶȥˡ
Լû֪Щж尾
ɺڣڰȥ߳

һã˵ԺаǼҹܣǶ㡣
㡣Ī˵

ԶԶԡ۾¶ЦݣҾ̽һ㣬ˡСʱǳܣûİҶ˵һ䣬ҿѹ˺þá
ҲǸ绰ûӵġĪ졣
绰ûӣͲдûңҪʼצ

ţԾˣֻһ⣬ɨԱãı飬ʱ졣
Լû˵Ļ֮ӣ̲ס͡һЦ˳

ԱǼˣ㿴ңҿ㣬˽ۡ
˵Ī𣿽ôʱˣҰû
ĪֻԸ˵㣬ҹ۲ʱǿʱ㺢ʱ״̬ܺá
ղĪķ˿ͺڷ۶øǳһ¥ˣڷ˵Ī״̬ʺϷݿ϶ỻġƣԱҲᱻðɣ
Ǹ¥Ҳˣڷ۵˼ǣһ䣬ĪܶΣΪӰ쵽Ϸ״̬áģǵӦҲðհɣϾһӰͶʶ󰡣ĵ;ͻȻ
˵˵ûʵǸСֻģû΢ûþͱɾ𣿡

ǹȡ֣һȿ˳ȥ͸Ī룬ͻȻⷬ˶ٽŲ
ʲôðˣ

ǹϽ
躭˫΢Ѿɾˣȷʵ£֪˭ڱѹȶȣⲢûгѡ
˺ܳʱ䣬Ű¸ȥĪ롣

Īˣ΢΢šü
һݵ£ڣϵķԷȻһӰ졣
Լ˽´÷зÿȥҽﶼǳ
û뵽Ǳˡ

ķӦĪҪܶ࣬ЩǳԱ˳Űɣ
ǹ̾ԭҰ˵˺ǷǶడĪƽʱûеʲôˣҲ֪˭еûţҪڱЩ躭˫Ҳ̫ĪˣȻ˵ԼĪĺѣ

Сһ𳤴أǰ䡣üԹ£óֻתͷܸ˸绰֣ڼ𣿰Ҹ

صҲ˵Ļ߹һ
ȵ˽⾭֮Ƭ̡
ǰʱ䵼ȦۣȫǿѨ磿

ôŶӻᴦ£ʲôӰġĪǹ˵
ô꣬ϵ¶ˣСԱΪ˲ȶ伫˶Էĵ

صͷҪڰοĪ뼸䣬ȴͻȻ
εգԼ۵ðŭ𡭡

ʤһĪı顣
û˵ҪĪ룬ͱǨŭˣ
ʵ̫ԩˣ



˼סƫ뱱ǻԶǰ·ϣỳ÷ȥԼĸһˣ˵˵
ŸհѺӽӻ͵үү̼ҴţҲ֪ܲϰߡ

ְֻˣ

Сڼ˴죬˭òʺã͹ܼҡɩһ˺þá
ܼ֪ŰְԼһỳǵĳϢ

Ȼһ˻ˣںԼӵүӣաɱȥ
үһãԼ˵ҪƬòˣôڡ
һ֣㻹˵ÿɥ־أ˼Ҳֲˡ

£ɫͷòҲζ˰ɣƬǲǻ˼ģ
үûصһۣϹ˵ôϲЩ˵Ĺ

ӻˣЦеվȥ·
ģһͳȥ赸ˣ¿֮赸ҵϽǺȥݣҲţûоܾ
ؼ֪֮СѾͷˣ¾ͺڵòˣҪ֪棬Ųȥʲôݡ

ֻϧԼСѾͷȥˡ
е᲻ãû뵽ǣԼջþӼҷȻСӿͰ͵ڹỳǻ

ְȥ裬ôܲأίʡ
ỳǶͷְȥ裬ҪҪ̸

ȥ֣СѾͷԣ̼Ҵšֻ̱֤棬ǰϴүϻ鷿ȥ

үӣ

ǲûƴƴͼ˾ȥƴͼһƴֻƴͼòãźӵļ򣬺˵
ֻѽԴ˳̵ߣƬڱıĻһҡ

ĵЩơ
ΪʲôǼǲסһҵ֣

ƹƣСӵ׻Ǳˡ
ɩȥϴֳԷ漴ỳͳԺӡ

лú˵Ƣ˵
ỳһʲôƢ

ôԶüСʱķɻҪϹȥӦòֻΪС°ɡỳǣȷʵúú̸̸ˡ

ĸеĵǣỳһʱʧð֮˵ûзƢֻǵ

ǵģҲúģһżֵòɢƽʱϲǺúùͨġǰҺ־ʺߵһ𣬵ôȥˣĪ߶ûбˣ㹻֤ǵĸˡЦЦĹỳǵļ򣬡ڣǿǲһ𣬻ܹúܺãԽԽá

 ŴŴ
ߴٹỳǿߣת첽ܻȥˣ

˶үĽЭ¸Ϊһʵϣ˭ӺͶϱ֮⡣

ѾСڻûסһ
Ȼ֪ȴһֱûйʣΪ֪Ҫǹ̫࣬·ǵܵУ˵ìܼ

ҲĵǣǳҪֿ
ӺͶϱԸ̫Ҫǿô˭Ըͷôܹأ

û뵽ĳ֣ǵ

ҲСڻġ

ڲſʼԼģǶԣ
Ͼһ̫ˡ



ʤԸ˷ʱ䣬ȴһؾƵס֮󣬾Ҫ󿪹

Action

Ϧ£ĪݵĽһСװѩǡ
ͷӷΧУǺڶĻЧ޷ֵġ

С㣬ͱүˡӶ˴ҴܹһīɫĴ£̫ˣϽϡ

ͷ۵ûЦ⣬ϸѹסµë죬Զ
óʱ

ΪûͷûԵĶС㣬ҪķΧУͷŰʵʵÿůˡ
ʱվڽǰͷԼŮӴѧʶʦƮһĨ糺죬Цݽ

챻ˣʱݶڴǾ֣ļΡ
ΪóĪ䣬ǿš

紵Īķ˿¶ѩ׵
Ц˵е⣬ֻأð˵Ǽʦ

仯ֻһ˲䣬ʤȴԴ˷ǳ⡣



һ£ǹʵ޷Īϣ˫ۣ˲ˣ

Ī뱻÷һԣ˫һװˮĲöûл
Ȼ֮䣬˸硣

ʣû°ɣ
еðûϵĪһˮ

ǹֻݹĪ㣬ղֻ˺üΣûӣԷҲĪӦݰɡ

Īü΢ӹֻ
ϸָͣδҳá

Ī١
ĸס

ÿʰ飬ΪԼԹʱĸףܻὫʵ
Ī˸ز绰

Ϊ绰ͷĪٵһЪ˹ģȻûС

ĪЦţʣӰǲӰʲô֣ߵļ뿴



Ժ׷ڣĪٱһȺ̫̫Χм䡣
ƤܰףûѪɫİףͷ߸̵һ˿ݵֻʶظԼǵͷһͷ

էһۿȥ̫̫ᣬҲǴġ
ȻϲƣµĺۼԺＸ̫̫֪Ǹˡ

·ŮİɣŮã·󰡡
ܺã˵ЩһӾ磬Ҫúüǧ򣡡

Īö˶ٴѹѹԼĶ޽ǣ̬ţŮݵӾģݵӰ

һ̫̫˵ǰĵӰĿɲһ׬ǮôûǿŮĵӰ

ڴҵĴߴ£ƻҴҸ
ԺסĴһЩˡǵĺæڹûʱչˣ˼ֲԸͱķڼŮֻΪѡطʱʱ̽
۸񲻷ƣסܺãǶǵչҲǳܵϸŮǶǷĵġ

ƻְ֮󣬲֪ĪӰĪĸס
֪һܾ֮ȣع֮Ҳ;߼ͨˣΪибµŮĪٲôźɣ
ֻĪ룬Ȼ˵ȴûĸôߡ

ƻĪٵ׷ЦֺãỊ̄Ҹղæأ͸ŵӰ
׷Ķ¿ܵӣ뿴ĵӰ֮ѡһĻϾͳĪӰ

ĪԾɰͦñֱһ΢Цؿŵӡ

׷صվʱ»ʵĪΪˣ
ƻҡͷ쵹ûΪңһԼŮĵӰһõúܡ

ûôŹֵ̫̫Ҳʱʱģʱźʱֻ¡ܰشڷ￴ӰҲɣҪȻֵúˡ»˵

ղĪٴǵЦݣƻðƤ˵֪ΪʲôҾӰʱıˡͺŮⱲĳɾͣһܹ͵ƷƵġ

»Ц˵˵úʲô˵ģиôŮҲһ԰ڵġ



Ͼŵ㣬Լ۾˸Ƿְ̣ҵ𣿡
ҲǹǷ죺ûɣҪ賿Żᵽ

ڱԴ賿ʲô

һδ˸Ƿ

ҷģһ⼸ʮȹ˵һ
˾ƴͼ
ƴͼѣǴģԼһ˾ɡֻСϣţֻߣһƴü۵ϸ첲ȶۡ
ֻƴƴͼҲˣСһʲôر棬ʱʱðһ龫ֵ⡣Ϊ̣÷ֻý΢ѧһЩͷҲһӦԺԴʮΪʲô

һʵ̫ˡ
˺Ӹ˯ĵ㣬Ҫط˯˺üأ˵ҪԼһ˯ڿͷ

ϰߺԼһ˯Ҳǿȥͷ

СѾͷߣ˯
ۿСӵ۾ ڰģĴӴ

ڿϢˡ

С̫̫ŵߣסŰʱŴŴһС

̡

һתͷػȥ˯
Сĺװͷ

һҹڰ˺þá
ֱʱ֪ȻСѾͷѾȵһڽĿҪʺܶ࣬ʵûаȫС
ְ趼ߣ˯ȣк£ֲҿֻ̡֣

ȵ˯֮̾һ۵ͷ
صԣ۵ֻͷһû

ƿɺãϰ˵Ӻǿ϶˯ߣҪȻװһͯСŮ̼һҪסͷĵ

Ϊͷֻ˵һ٣Ȼ˭֪үöûпڡ
˺һ˯֮ʱϴһƵ

ǱϵķĳɶͯҪȻ˯ҹǶ

Цţ˵ͷ



賿һ㣬ỳϳ⳵
ľƵַ⳵ʦ鷳һ㡣

ϣ⳵ʦһڴӦš

ỳŴ⣬İģһ羰ǰ

Ī룬ǰһֵ֮ġ
ʱ˶һ˵ϵ治ϵˡ
ֱļ꣬ỳûдĪҪעȦеţжϢѹȥ
Ϊʱ̫һֱΪĪ벻ٻͷˣ˭֪һǰطˡ

Ȼأߵһ
ֻû뵽øĮ̬ȶԴһһνƿ

ȥָԺʱԼֻĪ
ڻʵĪ״̬ѾԾˡ

ʱһߣĪ뷿Ϸŵһ̣ǲģҰѷˣҪʲôģ͸Ҵ绰Ϲ

Ϊ˼ӿȣرǣʤһ˺üϷԱ˵ǿȺܴ
Īʲôû˵ҲͶûֱҹչʱԼñժͷϣָСգŷˡ
ԱϽȥҩҩȥڵڣŻԼķ䣬ҪԼȥϢġ

ɵأ̾ȥǹķš
СѾë׵Ŀͨ˯£ʱЩȣ㣬ôˣ

ʣûĪϵʽ

ʶˡ
֮ǰĪỳЭʱǸһģǻǹˣֱϵػϷ

ǹܻطóֻͨѶ¼ỳǵĺ룬ʵĪû°ɣ

ҡҡͷεû¡

ط·ϣỳǵĺ롣

ãĵ绰ѹػԺٲ


ؼʱ̵ӡ

ֻĪɷôæҲͻȻϵǰɡ
ҶСˣôġ

ҡͷпҲᡣ

óԼķҪȥͣһ
Ų

̧ͷԲ۾
Ȼǹỳǡ

ϬĪһգˡ
ˣ𣿡

óỳǺܵĪ롣
üչ

ӹתʱŲ˶٣ʵ֪ô𣿡

ʲô֪
һвĪ˵

ҼǵСʱǰÿһؿԳɼ֮󣬶Ҫؼøĸǩ֡һѧ飬˾ʮ߷֣ôߵķĽòˣɵڶϣĪңû־ӣֱӰԾ˺ˡ
ʦϽԾĪ˵СŪ˾ӡʦûֻ´Сһ㣬ȫͬѧǰЦ˵ĪѧϰɼȻܺãȴǸСͿ
Īڰ˸ºţСͿϲɴûз

ỳ֪
֪Īϰһ˵е飬ϰһ㶼á
һΣһˡ

ỳŷ˵һлл첽Īķȥ

ŲػԼ䡣
һ͸ܸ֣ôûƬĹ



ڵǰĿɿڴ
й̫̫Ĵһϳ壬ı亹

#Īͯ#

Ѿϵ躭˫Ҫɾ΢򽫲ȡ;׷ΣΪʲôȶȻǣ

Ůѽ߹ôˣ
˵군ˣα˼Ҳ䵽ȶˣһҪҵġڲŰ£սʱҲӦ˰ɣ

һ£ҲӰҲܻ𰡡йĪ΢ѣв𣿡

ɵˣѸ꣬Ѵ
¿֮ɴ۾

΢ġ

VСһ𳤴ĺѣֻһҲһ@Ī롿

ͼһŻǳͬѧ¼ƬǿʼܲµǸСѧдġ

Ī
ĵطҡѧУ
ϲĵӣƬ
ϲĸ裺һ꡷
ϲ

ԣףԶǺѡ

رãڴϣŶˢ˿Ⱥ

ڰĪǸСǵ
ĪȻôѣ֮ǰһֱĪҷ˿˺ʲô
쿴˫ǡٲǷĪھһЩգͲ躭˫˵ܡ
ϣҲעˣһСڲȱ˵Ī״ôˣģ˭ȨȥЩ
ͬѧ¼ϲĵǶƬǼҡѧУһǹϵܺãŻͬѧ¼ɡͻȻеڴĪ᲻ת
תĻͼ᲻дͬѧ¼Сѧĵĳ棬ڴŶ
ͻȻе棬ȻǵĹϵôãΪʲô֮ǰ̨ͬأ

˿Ƕ֣۲Ȼ
ҲżΪȺﻹи֪ˣ

˿һֱȺﺰܸϣұϡ

üһϽִ绰ǵñܡ
ֻ˭֪ûӵ绰

лص˿Ⱥҳʱǳ˳顣

һŷͷܣСѧһжԹô꼶гһֻ˵𡭡



ҹˣĪֿʡ
ڴϣҪȥñӣģȥһСģˮڵϣ

ʵûֻɻȥ

ʱΡһ죬űˡ
Īҵˮɡ

ŲüһЩ
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ỳʱ˶סˡ
ô

ỳǿ첽߹ѹĶͷϣôͷϵĶ¼Ƹ

ղųҩ˯һĪ˵Һöˡ

ԣỳǵɫԲٽ
ڴͷʵı۰ţˮιĴߡ
Ī봹һֻطˮˮ

ˮˡ˵

֮󣬹ỳȥһˮ
ˮ̣ˮһˮصȴһһˮ£ֱ¶ȺʣŽӵݹ
ԣˡһ٣ЦҲ̡

Ī뿴һۣڵı飬ͺȥһʱ
ܰ˵źĴС㣬ֲ䷳չ
ʵϣʲôС㡣

ỳǲ֪ʲô
ˮ

Īҡҡͷ

ỳǿһֱʱˣôܲ¥һࡣ

ĪؿıӰ
ʱӦúżִӰ칫һĳ£͸˹

ỳǡǹһ޷ܴ㿴ܴܲ¡

ҪỳǸҪߡ
ͻȻеؿڣ䡣

ỳǻعͷ
ڴϣ˳ͷɢڼϣС԰ף
ǣȴǵ·

޷
ܴܲ£̫ġ

ỳһߣʮӡ
Īһ˴ţЩ귢¡
һãȻºʱļڲ۵ȥ֪Ůȥûһľ

˼ججӡ
һкûô⣬ҲϷ
أԸԱˣһ亢ѽѽЦ·ϿСѣֻýԼڼ

󣬹ỳֳ
Ĵڣ𽥱ƽͣǾΥķɣ룬ǲǺͺˡ

ֻϧ͹ԼԺӵ˼
ȥͷԼһͷỳǡ

Īץץһݣܿ죬ʶԭȲԼ
پȥֻǻĥѡ

ˣʦЭ顣

ڣĪ벻ˡ
֪Լ᲻õġ

ſˡ
ỳһֻԼµ޷һֻࡣ

һţ˵˵û뵽Ҳɰ࣬ǲ֪ﲮҵȡ

̧ۣỳһ¡
ۿͨġ

ỳǲ֪Ӧô
ڣֱñ׾

Ὣ£ߵߣ˵һֱڿҽ
£ỳָϽ˵˵ҲûϵҾ㣬ǳࡣ

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ҽĽ飬ҽ˵ٸʵ׵ʷʲô簲ȵ顣

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ֻǣҪתʱȻоԼֱǣס

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Ҳ޻ڡ

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ҲһʼǾӦùͬһС
ԸĻ

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Ȼ֮䣬ܲⲢһС¡
ԼģЩ尾Եɡ

ỳصߣУͳ֪

Ī۾Ľëš
֮˵ỳǣйһŮ




41.  41   ʲô

ỳ, йһŮ

ỳǣ仰һڵ˲䣬ǵȻ޴档
йһŮ
, ܲ¡

еĲ·һ̴һ, ̬ȣҲмѭ

ỳǳĬ, ֵķ·ýӲ
ѪҺֱͷͻȻ˼

֣Ҳ֮ǰ

Ѿ˴, ɹỳǻɳ, ʵ, 

ôˣĪ벢ûпǹ¸
ɵʱ, ܸ֮ıʲôأ
һΪȥĺӶ

ǱȻֿ, ֺα, ԼһԨ

ӵȥ, Īһᡣ
ƿʱ, һ, һ棬ֻΪǵĺӣԹθУҲûмȥ

µķ˹ͬѡ񣬿״̬ţǼ⡣
, ɲĥԼôꡣ

ԭܻһֱĵףֱȥһ졣
Ȼˡ

ỳȨ֪һС

ܶʱĪ붼ҽĻ
侲ҽһ龹ӿ֣Ժ

ʼԼԸⴥ˿ڡ
ҿ˰̣Լ֮ĸ顣

ֱܰĪصڶϡ

ǰûãˣѺʮ֪ʱδζʲô岻ΪɣҪϢһʱ䡣
ϵһнӶɣæչ˼бս߿Ķӣúܺã˭֪ʲô

С̥ڸʱܹԣڣĪû£ĸָ궼ϸҲ
̥ʮ£ΨһڷӦֻ˯˯ǶôҸ£˯زǶʱûκιǣû±㵹ͷ˯һһԼıоԼӵȫ硣

Ԥ졣
Īٵ£ס˽ҽԺ

ûκ˴ţĪ밲ǵŮ
ճʱǵĺһֻͰ͵СӣƤܰףͷġ

뱣ķ¶Էڷ粻
Īڼչʮ졣

СĪ붼֪ĸǰģֻбչ˵һʱ䣬ܸоһ㡣

Īٲӡֻҹ˵ԪеҪ󣬶Ϊ忼ǡ
Īûͼ˵ĵźӣȹʮʱ䡣

ʮ˯ʱÿʱÿ̶㺢ӡ
Ůܹԣޣһ´СӤụֻӤȣλС֡
ɾôƽСӣĪúҸ

ȥˡ
нӵϷ籾ܺãȷʵġңΪǣӴõ
뿪ʱĪᣬ룬Ǻܿͻġ

ֻ˭֪ľҲԼŮ

Ӥɱۺ֢͵ҽԺʱѾȲˡ
ȵҴƬѾ𻯡

ҽǰҲûԹµȥͷһ顣
ԣÿһεĻ䣬ĵʹ

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42.  42   룬֯Сë¡

һҹ, үӺ鶼ƽ
Ϊڸղţǵ֪ĪһŮϢ

Ҳ˵ӵйһŮ
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ƽĻ, ڵҲ񰲰һϷ

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Ҳܳ, ȰվĽǶһ룬ʱѾ, ֮ΪӸϣ, , Ҳỳǵ硣һŮԱ, ҵ۷ʱ, ĶѺ, ־ô£Ѿˡүү̣ǲǺӵĸĸжܣϣǼӱ, ٱ

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Ҳܸп
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ֻǣ뵽ǸڹĺӣͷЩɬ

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ԭһǻŭġ
ɴʱϦ£ɫĹâĪٵϣ꣬ǳ

ĪȻĸоϤİ
ʱԼĸס

СĪٶ

СʱĪ벻֪֮ȴΪ뷴
ΪĪҲܿ
ǸûѧûĹλһ˴Ů̫Ŀࡣ

Ī벻ȴ

ڣĪԼ̫Цˡ
ôĪ٣

Īǰߣָǰۿʪ

ƫִɲôЩҲǼٵ
Сʱɬȥ棬һɰ
һЩȶĹԹȥ԰
ʢӲͣմˮҪȰˮȣȴ֮ϴ֡

ĪһֱΪĪǰġ

ʱһһߵĪߣʣŮӵ𣿡

Īͷû̧ëߡ
Īɫ԰ףһֻסë룺

˭Īƿ֣۾һɣҲ֪˵ʲô

ҪƿĪ롣
ŭغ

Īһ㲻ʶˣ
㵽ʲôˣĪٵȻ̧ͷϸҳȥΪǹ¶ĸľͺ۸

Ī֣߬ʶɿ

׷⣬һС

ְ֣Ҫȥ裡

Сѹỳǵ֣˽
ܵĪߣֻС̯̺ӥ׽Сʱ衣

ʱĪٴӴվ
Īֻ˺ӣʶס

ȻĪȴЦˡ
ëߣŰ߹¶ЩЦݡ

룬֯Сë¡չë£ڰǰ˱ȡ

ƻҲ֮ǰļҴܹ
һ׷æ˵Ị̄ͿˣɲŮ

ҵŮ۾ԲβһСͦӵһҲһģЦʱ򣬶ЦĪüÿɵӵ˻ƻһۣȰԴ룬֮Ҫǵġ

Īһ˰ԼŮôϲ

ƻЦˣǺ庢ƵģĪ٣СѺŮСʱ򳤵ú𣿡
ǳҵŮĪִֵ
ǣеϲԼءƻصϣŮŮڽĿСʱĿڲʱ򣬾˵һ񡣡

ĪףüؿŻƻ

ʱĪ룬ǡ¡һ޷˼
վԭأ˺ܾãĵһССͷԾð

˵ĪٵѺӶй¶ԺҲһֱ˼·ߣûпǹԡ

Ī롰롱һתͷỳǡ
Ȼ뷨һ

ͷ̫ˣǲҳ룬ֱֱֻضŰɫš

ʲôģҪҪŮƬŮ

Īվжٻߵ¹ǰؿŻƻ
ֱƻ۾˵Լ֣Ӻʵ·£óһǮ

ţǮͳһԶҪƵƬ㿴Ů죬ȥĵġ

ƻսһֻͷɴ۾




43.  43   Ҫۣ

ƻŵؿĪеƬ

һĴ, ڲĵģƬˣúܺ, ֻ΢΢ƶѡ
ƬУʱĪٴŹȥйһӵĵ黨ȹ, ͷڵ÷Ȼ, ھͷǰܾЦݶǽŵġ
ǣŵģǶʱĪ롣

СʱĪ벻䣬ԴԲԲ, ҲԲԲ, , Цɰ
ϸէһȥ, ܿóСʱģ
峺ۡСɸͦıӡཱུС, ٵһģһ

ֱ̫, ƻָƬ, Ī͹ỳǹʱ׷յʱ, Ѿ˵Сαʵϰе, Ҳֻƶѡû뵽Сʱ򰡣

Īܵ˼ĳһ˿ԡ
Ҫȴҿʶȥỳǵ֡

ỳǽֽס˶ǹ, һһǰ

Īĸĸʱġ
ĪգĺõƬϴų֮ǣĪûпЩƬ
ΪĪٲͬ⡣
ЩĪĵ׵Ĵ̣޷ŮͨʱƬԼס

ĪǮƬĪҲû

˿ƬʱĪ볹׽סˡ
һΣԼʱģ
֮ݵģҲЦʮƬȽϣҲΪжô
ڣʱԼģĪ뼸ȷĺӡ

ôô

ʱĹỳǣҲضƬ
һ沿һЦۣĳѾӦ˼

ߴƬջأתĪӣ۵ѹơ

ĪۿȻʪ
ͷվԭزİ

СԴһС
֪ʲôֻ֪ˡ

ղԺʱ׷ﴫ͸ŭļ
ʶ֮䣬ܽ衣
ǣжûгɹ

ΪѾۿ߹漴˳ջ䡣
СҲ࣬ü΢΢šţ̧֣ȥϵᡣ

迪ġŴŴذο

Ī˫棬ǻϲģȴôֹס

迪ġظһ飬ǵǣ֡

ӵֺҲůСûʹֱϵѺԡ
軹ڿޣʼ취ģѧƽʱԼӣС̽ȥЦ䡣

СģĪСֱ̫ˣ͸һģ̳һƻп

ƻ֪ʲôֻһʵ̫ˡӰӹ¶ԺŮȻСʱ򳤵ôԵְ

Ị̄ǲŮǴءƻԺ˵㿴ϲˣѹˡ

ĪٽƬصԼĿڴɵؿĪһۡ

ʱĪ룬ѾڻȥԼϵᣬرСŵӵ˵ְؼҡ

Ծɲ֪ôˣҲԸط
һֵֹ˼ңûкóԵģҲûкġ

ۣϲصͷתỳǣְֻؼң

ֱֻʱŷְֵ֣ȦҲġ

СӶʱеա
ְΪʲôôأ



ỳǱŰ뿪Ժ
ĪߣһֱźӣǿƵġ

Сϲţֻ´̫ˡ
ʱְַҪԼ˫ֽȦסֻСѾϣܲŴһ
ְ˵ʡİ취

ڵİûΪԼСܶ
СѹڰְּϣССԴкööʺš
ôѹôܺأ

ỳǣ𣿡Īʡ

ỳǳĬƬ̡
ôʱǴûԼĺӡ

ʱ²Īٽˣ߶еĹ¶ԺſڣΪǿƻˣǻžκһ˿ĪһغӵĿԡ
Ī֤ܽȫôж֮ǰһǾ˼ǵģôôʣ͵ԼĹ¶Ժ

ټϣ¶ԺӤ٣˽ӤԺſڣǴӤѶ϶һ¡£´
Ȼ֮ǰԺưұģȷ

ʱ䷢̫ˣỳǺĪûʱȥҲô쿪ΪĿСαȻԼŮ

ڣһжмѭ
ڿƬһ˲䣬ỳǺĪѾŲɡ

ҾǡỳǼᶨظһ𰸡

𰸣ȻԼĵףĪԾΪĻһ

ȥٴ绰źڳϵҡỳ˵

Ī˳Կףӹ

Сҡͷ֣Լߣ
ΪʲôأĪʡ

ӵСˣ̫

ĪЦǴʱۿֿʼȡ
ڻʣ˭˵ģǰŲ֣ϲ㡣

ǰĶӺԲۡСС档
һԲ𣿡ĪЦţڳһֻֿȥԼ۽ǵᡣ
ҵ϶Ƕǣ¶Ц
ĪĺӵСƤ϶Ǯһﰡ

һǮһȳһָ
ôôѽĪĻ

ԼǮûиϸ˼Լʶ֣һٿ飿

Сһﻹ̫ȷ˵һٿ֮󣬺ߵض軳Сһٿǲ̫ѽ

ɱĪ룬ȴҡͷǼҵϣǮ

һˣ˼Ц



ỳϵ˸ӵķ١

ٱʾ˴𰸣̣ǵȥһӼ
һȷ֮󣬾ԴӰĹ¶Ժ飬ȻĪѾΪˣʱ֤ǻ֤ôģԱǲǷְα
ǹ¶ԺǱߵû죬涨ʮķСѣǺӵĸͲҪ

ֱڣỳǻ̶̼֮ڷһУＸѾסʱΪָ򣬲ŻȻʶԺʮ칫ʾڼ룬һֱûҵϷֶΣӵĻڰ¡

ܷٵĽ飬һǰļ

ȥҽԺ𣿡Īʡ
ҽԺסỳǽû˵Ļ̻ȥ˸˵ļDNAʵҲȡʵҽԺСˣܹҽԺȽԶȥļҲһġ

ְ֣ʲôѽʡ

ỳǺĪֻǼ򵥽ʵ˼ûиҪȥʲô
СʲôֻҪĵ˵Ӧе˼
ʱ˵ҲϢ߹үӺ

ûг̫ͻأ
һϲһյζ˸Խܡ

ỳǽͣڼſڡ
һڸսţͱרӴҡ

ԱϳĪ룬Щ죬֪ܿǵ˽ᱻй¶ȥ
ỳǱܿѯʵӼܳ

ԷרҵĽ𣺡Ҫգܹɼ
ܼӼ𣿡ʡ

ӼȷʵԼӼǻṩļӼǶӦԣңͨӼ֮óļ˲οԣΪ˸ʵ׼ȷǽǰչ淶

ӼĽҪΪ˽ԼΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ỳûѡӼ
ѣܵȡ

ֳʱ䡣

ỳߵǰ
ղ̫ҪǣĪһʱֻ֮뽫һп
ˣֱڣʱ䣬ͺ˵˵

£ֺС
ĵȴʱ䣬ȷʵΪỳѾΪԼĺӡ

ʱὫӱڻ

СӸԻˡ
ô죬ְֺ趼رأ

ʵʵشڰְֻһ֮󣬲ʵְ֣Ҫʲô

ỳҪӲ˵ְҪһͷ

СһԲ۾
ѹְְ迴ѹӣԭҪͷ

˫סԼСԴòã
ͷ۵ģ

ỳЦˣֻһϷ

ĪҲںǰĵغţҪԸһ㶼ۡ
ԣһ㶼ۡỳǵͷȻʱĪѾ֣Դϰһͷ

ỳǲϸʣ̣һʹ۵һ¡

ţĪҲ޶һԼͷ
ҪðһЩеۡ

ϣһԻؿŰְ裬䡣
ΪʲôҪԼݰͷҲô
Сۣһ⣬ίؿǡ

Īø첲ƹỳǣһ

ỳԼͷƤٿðŮʿ빲
Ī˵ҰΣѡһУζˡ

Īͷٴΰͷ

ӲˣСѾڵŲŲ

ỳǻͷʹԱüͷ𣿡

ԱЦҡҡͷʹͷĲͷëDNAԱǰµͷüС

һסԼԴ

Ա˵ºӵͷëҷȫȡDNAûа취ֱӲÿǻĤϸȡͺá

һ˵꣬ԱһȥܿǻӲ
˵ֻҪŴ;ͺãһ㶼ۣıȥˡ

󣬹ỳǺĪɵɵԼеĺüͷ
ԸղţԱںǰʹͷô

ԱӴң߱СʵСѣղְΪʲôҪôͷһ͹˰

ԴǺѽ



ȵɲ֮󣬰Űְؼҡ
˸ˣǷ

װǧġ
֮ǰ˵ҪڼװһǧһŻ汾ܡжͯװΡ
Щ죬һֱΣѡһʽϳ˵ǧܡ

壬СذڰС֣к

Ŀο
ȻСãչЦǼƵģ

ǰ԰˵ְװ

ۣǧСӾһಡһ´ӷߣݱϵλá


˵ܾܣ̫ˡ

𣿡ỳʵ
ͷǧܶ๦εģǧܺã㵴øߣҲΣաңӦ÷̫̫

Ī뿴ǧܡ
ůɫϵҵװ޺ܴ
ֻûгġ ɫС°⡣

İȷʵǧƯ
һǧͼޱϲԼȥ

ĪЦ˵ˡ

ǧϣֻűϵĴСȻε𾢡

ǧֻ£ȵģϻŰȫţ̫̼

Ī뿴ǴЦ⡣

ỳҲҪǰźһ档
ֻû߼ɨԭء

ͷ£
̽̽Դ˰գְͷһֻ죬СʣȥӼòᣬ桭

û˵꣬Ѿʼˡ
ģҪľǲ£ôôԣϰأ

㿴ǳ񣿡ỳʡ
ʶ˵㲻񣬸̫̫һ񡣲Ҳȫ̫̫ģܸģǺܰǰģų͸ˡ

˵Լͷϡ
Ůһϵһϯһϯ
ǲ˵ϻ

ĵ̾һ϶Ҫˡ
Ȼ˭֪ʱỳǾȻЦˡ

ỳĪͰķЦǳȷʵ񡣡

⣬ɲ֮ͻȻɴ۾Ӽ
С㡣ỳ˵֪

˺üοˮԼԵøһЩ

Ҿ˵ô̫̫ôͻȻȥʲôӼ¶Ե ı飬˵ˣỳǵɫӸӷˡ

ӣܺá
Ҳ˵ղ˵Щûϣ
Ȼǲʲôʱ˺ӣ¶ԺĺôǵŮˣڴر죬˸⡣

ԽԽãҲ񣡡˵
񣿡ỳǵı鼫¡
ͷӵô޳һ㣬ԺҲô

ỳǣģ
Լƨĵϣһȥ汾ˣ

ȵһߣỳתͷһСӣСȡ
˵޳



ڶ峿ԵĴϣһСһ̯˯ú㡣
ỳǺĪſڴߣ˫Ŀתؿ

ǵŮ
Ǳ߿̲סЦ

ĪסС֣Լֱϱ˱ȡ
֪ǲĴôھǵֶôأ

ỳûطˣӰСѾ
˯û㣬Ѿӵ˵ţ˸תСƨɣѽѾ

Īһۡ

ỳĽָͷҡ

Ī룺

˵ӼĽ֮󣬰Ļǵĺ𣿡ĪС
ǣѹ𣿡ỳʡ

Īϸ롣
ڽĿҪӻع¶Ժһ̣Ѿ֪ԼԲܿࡣȷǵŮҲ״ʲôı䡣
ͬʱҲǲһġ

ûѪԵϵǲ⡣
ǼȷǵĺӣȻãǽĺá

ܻʧѹĪ˵
ỳҲ뵽һȥˣܿ죬նǵŮ
Ī˯úСҲá

˵˵ţȻԼеɵ̲סЦ
ӲӵԣĪǶȣҫۡ
۾ҪȥɹỳѾ֣Сë̺ǵͷϣס۵Ĺâ

ȦڻٶȲԾӿ졣

ʱ˯С˸ǷԺۡ
תְ裬ְ裬Ϸ𣿡

Сڴϴ˸ǵġС
ְĻ



󣬲õӼ
ĪȻؾ飬ҪȻĺصҪֱŴˡ

ԭϻһŰһؾġֻٳǰ˸绰˵⼸ΪϢãԼһֱڸϽȣ˲ٵϷסص
һĪʶһЩٴźȥصǰתơ

Сٴα͵үү̼ҡ

Ҵȥܰɡү˵ȥгܣ
ѽ۾һӾˡ

ôûңүü
ʲôֵۣʡ

ү˵үү
С˷ܵ¥

үü
үү˵
ʲô˼

ɩڱϵأЦ۾Ҫгһ죬үӽ͵¥Ϻšһȥġ

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ļٵģôû
ѵ䱳ˣ

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ҪϸƼҴ齫ʹŰһˡ

үӶʱ²̨ˡ
һӵĪĵ绰Ѿ˾˵Ҫȥгģ˼ô

Ŵû֦չϰ飬ûбһֽۣװӡ

ʱС̺үүȥ齫һ㿴ܣ

үӴӱֽ̧ͷ˰һۣ죬ԼЦ̫ġ
ʲôܣûȤء

֪ʲô齫ȥƼ֮󣬾ˡ
ⲻǻľ

Сϣشһ齫

˵
ššüСʣ̣ĸ
ԲȦ

綯齫һ

Ƽ
ùٰڳһһģ򣺡f

ˣʱüЦƵ

ƼˣƲƲ죺дźһ齫ģ
СѾͷȥǱ档

̧첲׼ɱķ

ʱƼ˵ϴ˵⺢Ӱ𣿡
ڰ졣ûɵġ

ǲǰ첻ӵǻ£ǰְˣƼЦ

ûصһֲۣ´ŲҰǮȫӮߣ
ƼҲû⣬Ц˵а

ȴͻȻûˡ
ֻҪһ£ͷۡ
ʱһһȥۿûù¶ԺĹʾվ͵ˣǽ飬ô죿
ȻǶһˣ˭һģܾùֵֹġ

ϾһˣǱȽϴͳһ뵽ܻ׵ı־ͷۡ

ٺһѣƸˣˣǰȥ



Īص飬ӭͿܹ

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ĪĴǹЦ⣬ҪȻĺʤ

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С⼸ܶϷĲˣƻˡͱ͹ȥˡ

ȻôĪ룬ʱ˿̣ĹԱԱһ亹
صƢ£λŮ֮⣬ȫһˡĪȱϯһЩȣڼصҪ̲סˡ
ֻǣΪӰĪҲǺ۸ġ
ҶģҪǳģԼǲ⣬ֻ˱¶Ҫţѵġ

ô£

ȻصվĪǰ

ĵĬĬ̾һϽȥæԼĹôݺӰһ꼰㡣

ǸרҵԱôôãһʼ˵죬ͬˣ㶥ϣ˵Ϣ죬Ҳͬˡ˵õҪ飬ĶȥˣصݳһУҵȷʵһĳЩͬġ湫˾ϰ࣬ٺü죬Ҳûλˣ

ʤƢһڣڵġ
ĪҲṣŲӺԼӲգʱøһ׼

˭֪Īɫǳá
һ䣬Цص˼

ʤ

Ī˵Ҳõȣ֤Ժ󲻻ˡ

ʤٴסʶִӿ㶵̡
ֻǣָһס̣ššüͷ̧Īһۡ

飬顣Ī˵
ָסӣЦôģǲ⣡

ʤһӻˣһϴ̬ȻǿԵġ

ȫȴսĹԱԱɵˡ
ĻͷŷǳƽĺصĪ룬ɻ

صĪֱ̫ˣĪ룬ܿģ

ȵص֮һȵشչʲô
ֲЦˣҵġĪ˵

ü˲ļ磺ܿĵӣϹͺˣ

ĪһЦ

۾ģ׷ʲôˣ
ĪѹҵŮš

⻰һ°ͶҪˡ
ɴ۾Īµǰ˵꣬ɫء

£
ȻţһжԼĸײ߻ģ̫ˡ

ĪҡͷһȷӦǵġ
һġı䣬˶٣ʵôͦĵģʲôϢ

ĪȷʵΪĪٵΪĺϲʱһС
۾ȷʵкϢڻȷȵȷ֮һϸ㡣

һҪˡ
ʲôϢѵҵˣôôأ
һϮͷץӸεġ
һ޷˯ˡ



һ޷˯ĻĪ롣
ǹһӼ

˵ûˣǿ쵽ʱлϰµġ
ĪھƵĴϣŴգϵ졣

ʵ˯ţӴͷֻỳǷ΢š

Īڸ
gycű졣

Ī˯ˡ
Ľ

һߣеĹỳǷֻϹNɪЦݡ

˵ְ֣ˡ
ЦݽסΪʲô
ĺþˡСһҿԻԼ˯𣿡

ỳ̾һż꣬Ӱְֆˣ
ۡ˵İְ֣ļţǾͼİɡ

ỳǣ
ǵƽʱ˵ĻôԼôǿء
ְںͷĵλѵһ

ҪĪ벻ڼңԺúø顣

ỳʹǽѵɽһߵĻ汾ˣٸһѺóԵģǰ

СԴһ߳Ұһߺ̡
á

ְ֡ͻȻʣǲǲٻع¶Ժѽ
ỳһ漴ͷȻ
Ժһס̼𣿡С

ᣬΪʲôҪôʣỳǵıְ࣬趼ڣס̼ҡ

Сӵͷ
˺þãʣְ֣ǲǵҵ֮󣬰Ҫס̼

ỳü΢šŵӣǾЩ߰ĻǴģ

Ƽң̵ĶԻˡ
ɩƽʱҲ˵Ļ

СӸͰְסһ𣬿ġ

˭ˣְסһڶʮ֮ǰı䡣ʮ֮ǰڼỳǿźӵ۾һһ٣ͼѻףãеܵܣǼΨһĺӣԶһˡ

գգ۾صͷ

ֱʱỳǲʶһ⡣
ȻСڹ¶ԺͬС㶼Ӷ¡С
ڵѾһңСԾΪԼʱпܱߡ

ҲΪˣôǡ
һСģԼûаְˡ

뵽ỳ۵ຢӵա

Զǰİְ衣



Ī벻֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵģ֮۾ʱ
һ飬ỳǴ˸΢ţõӼ֮Լ绰

֮ϷĪֻǹһÿվ͵һûյ硣
ֻÿһΣǹãȻҡҡͷ

һλԱСʣĪڵ˭ĵ绰
ǹĪԼ̫ԣС˵Ƚĵ绰

С۾һۣԭǵĸôã
ǿɲǹûȥǣѩģһֱƬĪ㣬ȵչСǣԼȥˣ
ǣ֣СһĽȥԼᰡ
ǹһЦؼԼᣡ

ֿĵˡСпԼᶼţֻڼᣬ𡣡

ǹһʼеģϾҲĪ͹ỳ֮ĹϵʶȥЭ¡
˵˵ţԼҲĵˡ
鲻õСڣôôŽӵԷĵ绰أ
Ī״ֱ̬СŮеģ

ǹûҴ绰𣿡һϷ֮Ī߹ʵ
ûСǹ˵Ī㣬ǽͿˣڲžŵ롣ûһֿܣæ

æʲôôҪһ㶼סĪû

˵˭ףһͳ

ĪתͷỳǺͰƬ

ŴŴСţ˵ְֲס
ỳֹ˹СӵıǼ⣬ʾص⴫Ͳ

Ī־ϲǰôˣ
ỳеļǰ

·һжʱ˿̵Ī룬Լ
ʵʲô

ỳЦûһһ𿴡

Īתܵʤǰصҳȥһˡ
ص٣
û٣ڱϣ¸Ҵ绰Ī붪仰ȥҹỳǺͰ

ǣŰ֣ɱԶ

صüڲԶֻ˵֮ǰôûôģԱģǵƬʱʱʱܵĵ

ֻϧĻûеõĻӦ
ʤתͷֱֱֻһߵķ򣬷·ҲǷˡ

һȥ
ȥ֪𣿡ʤͻȻ

һۣһ̣֪Ҳ㡣

ʤ˵ɡ
˵Це

ʤ
Ҫ˯ˡ



ڹỳǺĪԣҪʱ̡
ҪҸĵط𰸡

һƬ¡

ỳ˸ŵ׼𣿡
Īͷ֣׼ˡ

ףְĳ׼

ỳ޳ָڵķڴ
һ룬˺顣

˶һ֮󣬽Ŀ档
ǴӼĵһпʼƣס

ֱһеļ

ỳǺĪڵõ𰸡

ǳ룬ľǡ
ȷʧõŮ

Ī뽫Сӱ
Ķͷźӵգţ

費Ҫۣ߽һżͷ۰Ͱ͵Űְ֣ôˡ

ỳż飬Ҳۿ죬ӺŮ뻳С

СӱְţеãȻ

ǰְŮỳɤɳơ
ѽ

Ī˫ԲԲСֲǰְŮ

գգ۾ɵɵ衣




44.  44   ޷졣

ĪС, Űһһ鿴ţҪӿ
Ȼʵ, ڽĿСĪؼҵʱǾѾ۰, Ҿ

ǲͬġ

ʱ, 尾ʱΪԼһһ̫ܲΪԼûŮ߶еΣһҪ, һ, Ϊ֮ǶԺӵһֱ, ҹػʹС
˭뵽һĿ, ıˣҲıһڵˡ

ʱĹỳ, Ҳͬ
֪ӵйһŮ֮, , аٸн
𾪹, ỳ֤ȥ, ϣⲢʵܶʱΪԼ쿪ҽԺԺǹݾֳȷظ֪֤ٵĿʱҪˡ

ɺĪûз
Ƭȥ׷ʻʿŵõһͻƿڡ

ỳǸ侲, ȻĪ￴ĪʱƬ֮ƶΪǵŮûκλɡ

ɷϣ嶯ˣԲŻ϶԰˵ԶǼΨһĺӡ
ǻݣỳǿʼ΢СĿԣӼ룬ô죿ı֤ʧ

˵ǣһΣ˲ûкǿЦ

ỳḧСǿһ㣬Ҳۡ
꣬Ϊθ鸶࣬ǾͻṲͬŰ󣬶ȱϯʱʱ⡣

ɵɵؿͰְ֡
ڿޣ޵úġ
ְȻûеᣬ۾Ҳúġ

Դ
ְ˵ǵŮ

СŮʲô˼Ϊڹ¶Ժʱ˵
ȥ죬˵֮ҪȥԼĸ
ÿʱ򣬾ͻرʾΪʲôҪĸĸӵģ

ǰСԴӣⲻôࡣ
ֻ㶵ؿŰְ裬֪ʣǰİְ𣿡

ֻһĻùỳ۽ʪ
ʣԣǰİְ衣

СʣǴĶ𣿡
Īˮٴι䣬Ѷͷڰϣ˵Ȼ

ɵסˡ
֪̫ģԾ벻ףı黹ô¶ġ

ŰС۵ǸΡ
һڽĿмСѵʱǶǹһ⣬ӵĸôôݵģȻܽ¶Ժܿࡣ
ȥİǸųûаȫеСѣֺô˵£ͬ˶Ҫ¹ɣһϵֺáԣŲٴα
ڳʮĽĿ¼УỳǺĪ붼ŭǲΪʲôúĿࡣû뵽ԭӣԼŮ

ĪǱһֻεĴƽסó
ûбð

ڣ
ԹûطһУԼӻؼ

Ī봹
ͻȻ֮䣬һֻС֣ᡣ

Ȼ̧ͷ

Ծ峺档
ʲô⣬ֻǷǳżϣְ費Ҫѹˡ

費ޡС˵ţʲôƵģεĹâ

ǲİְѽ



ĪֿЦźӾǲ÷֡
Ĺûɡ
Ī޲źӻؼңʱ˿̣Ϊ˵ôԡ

ֻòᣬ˵ҪƬˡչ֮ٻؼ㣬òã
ỳ˵չ֮Ҫؼңһֵóţ̫ˡ
һڰ֣̫

ĪЦˣܼ࣬Ͳࡣ

ĪתƬ
СԹỳ˵ְ֣˵Ͳˡ

ỳǳƬ̣Ҳࡣ
ı壬СࣺǼࡣ

˵ְֺͱһҪġỳϴԣԱ˵ ְֺҲһҪ

ƶǶǿ˰ְ˵Ļ

ỳǵ黹Ǻܼ鿴һۡ
߿̲סЦֱСӴչֺĸ

ðְָԼ͡
ְ˵ʲôȶԵĽԾССԴʺš

СӺȻЩգƽʱҶ˵СˣɽСôɵѽ

ҪֻҪ֪ǵŮͺáỳ
ʣְǰ֪𣿡

ỳǶڰǰ˫ļְͣǰ֪㻹ССʱ͵͵㱧ߣ͵¶ԺԣǱģ𣿰ְ費ܶ

ˡ
ԭǱСһְֱ趼

СӸӸȤˣŹỳǵʵְ֣˭ôѰ͵ߵѽ

⣬ùỳǳĬˡ
꣬ӵνɲصĺŹµʼٸߡ
һ֤ݶָĪ١
ڣĪ״̬ô죿

һЩỳǾòԾ
ڽеļദУĪһвٿص޷졣

α֤ͻ֤ģ᲻ˣ
ߣЭһУ

һߣĪѾصƬ

ʤԶԶؿӰǡһûԶ
ֻǵ߽һЩһͷ

۾ôôף

Īˮ׵ʣڶҪǰһϣˮҺȡ
ղŰ·ЩѹͨͨйǺޡ޵ʱʲôû룬ڱصһѣǹԼһöСӡ

۾Ѿ׳ɺҡ

Ī˵˼صҿˡ
صûбһۣ֪ˣ

Īñָѹѹ˫ۣһ¾ˡ

ǹվһԣЦúࡣ

ǹϰӰƽʱĸӣڿ۾׳ɺңޱĸģ
ʵ̫Цˡ

ãصڰ֣ˣؼϢɡ

ؼңĪ뾡۾ɻô
ؼһؼҡصƲ죬ʮ֮ǰһҪ׼ʱ

ллݣһ㣬Īתˡ

ʤһ̣̾̾
޳÷ѹ£
ƢҲǲ飬Ҳȱһģȥˡ

ֻ˭֪յȼ̣Ϳߵ·Ī˽ͷӶЦøһá

ʤ
޳ѵΪ̫ˣ

ļٵģԶȻɴ۾ܰɣ
ģĪ˵;񣬸ղõӼȷʵǵŮ

˵òˣֻЦЦţۿᡣ
ֱ̯ۣĪһӵ޵ίίģ̫ˣҵӾͺãԺú۰ȱʧôͨͨ

۰ҲԼĺѡ
ʧùȻϲõģⲢĥʱĪܵ˺

룬Լ£ܲܽܣ
⣬˭ᱧԹǣⱾпܱ⣬Īôأ

öã

޵Ī룬ʵ˵ѹˣѹˡ
Īۿʪıѹһжȥˡ



СӸŹỳǺĪؼҡ
ԣǻүү̼ҡ

Ȼϲүү̣һ£Ըڰְߡ
βͬ
һΣְһȥүү̡

ֻҪܺͰְһ𣬰Ķһ

ǰ˼ҵ·ϣɾþòƽ
үӺԺӺãȻĺûʵģ֪ǵŮڻжˣ
ʱĹỳǺĪ룬еҪ֪һС

ڹ˼ſͣ¡
ϹܼҾȵؿһڣȵǶ³ˣüһ塣
Īô޳

Сڲע⣬ϹܼҸϽ¥ȥ

ͿͿĨĨģֻ²ߡ
ȻһҪȥˣһ뵽飬;ͷѹһʯͷһ㡣

ϣұỳһ١תŹүӰ̾

ôˣүӺϰĸһֱܺá
˵ӾȻүӵĻһӾˡ

㣿СԽԽˣƾʲô㣿裡үߵ绰
æվȱ𷢻Ҳе˵Ҽ䡣ҲǴȥƼƼһʣ˵Ļô죬ԺǲҪŮˣʱûϣû뵽ˡ

үӵüššصϡ

˵ɩƽʱһԷҲ֪ỳǺĪԭǺӵ£֪ȫ˶ҺӡɩĵģʱͰһ˵ҵˣǼңǵŮҪŰְȥ

СѾͷỳǣԺԼǲҪߣ͵үү̼ȥˡ

үӵɫѿ
ŮȻҪңЩԼйϵý壬׷麢ӵ䡣
ͬģҲⰲĸܡ

Сһһʱ䣬Ѿ⺢Ӵ飬֪ģҲζ

˵˵һغӣҲᱻߣСѵ𣿡үƼˣгܲģںǰĺĺɩȥʲô˵ʲô˵

Ӧ֪̾˸жġ

үӵҲɡ
ӣ﷢̫ˣô˵ˣһʱҲ޷ܡ
ڣֻϣϽһŮհѰĻڰף֮ӵСͥܺúõġ

ֻϧǰԸʵ֡
ڵ

̫̫̫̫Ϲܼ̤Ь첽
һүϳүڵĶڣϹܼô࣬ѹ˵ỳˣ

ϹܼǿŹỳǳģƽʱС
ûϣ˵ˡ

ǣỳϱϹܼ˵ĪС޵۾ˣ

ʲôүӡڡһվˣ
ĿˡϹܼ˵Ҳ֪ôˡ

˲ϰԼͿĨһĻƷšżظŹܼ¥

үӵɫҲԽԽѿ

ԸһǸϽһŮ˺ããֱǴ롣Ǹ㶨ڣǷ棬ǲߺšȨöӵСͥúõģɶӺͶϱеԽԽ󣬹Сͥɢˡ

үһͷۣǴ¥ݰ

¥ʱѾˡ
үӣСһغһүү

ִġүүѾܰοүӽƵ飬Ӧһɫء

ĴĪ롣
ϻױõĻױƷˮЧãҲֲסޣӰȦΧοˡ
˫۾׵ò񻰣Ҫǿ޵ĻôǱ

ﲻζ
տʼʱѾĪˡǻ;ŮÿԸҲҪǿһֱĸжǷ֡ͺûǽ飬֮Э飬ûиΪ֪ӴˣԼܲôࡣ
ңĪҲϣΪЩġ
˭֪һΣˡ

ֱӵĻѾߵͷ
Ī벻޵ġ

֡衣ỳǿڣһ񣬺ȻԼӼ䳵ˡ
Ѻӵ߰ģֵֻĹעһֱ֣ҪǷҪӼ飬Ҫһͨ
ỳվȥø

ȹỳһߣĪȲ˵֡衪
˵˵Ļ֪Щ꣬ỳһֱĥϡδ·ܳĶĶΣ͵취Ͼ֮ûԭԵ⣬˵ǲǣ

ĪһãȻǣ衭
ס֣ĳȰǹˣ֪뷨ӹȥˣǰɣǰҲô룬޲ȥ֤ô࿲ЩһһȻȫȥˡڰѻ˵Ժ϶ܳõķչġ

ʱỳļܽ֡裬Ҹǿһ
үŭʲôЭҿҲЩ£ôˣʱûܹǣҪˣҲţĲ˵ˣǾ͸ҽӻôС˭˵˰ӻؼһúţһѣúӶܣ

үһӻ
ǸͳСͷʶΪĸֿӴɱ˺

Ҫ֪ôף治ͬǽ飡˵

ỳǣ
Ȼʱն࣬ѹûͬ⣬ǻϽ͡

үôˣ
ỳһɣתͷĪ롣

ĪҲ˳飺ǲˣ

үӺһۡ
ʲôˣ

Īڵ˲Ļᣬһ˵֡裬ҵŮˣǵŮ

үɵסˣԭŵͻȻĪı顣
ǵãϻɩ˵Ķе㱳
ѵĶˣ

ʲôһקŶӵĸ첲𾪵˵һΣ

ỳ۵¶һĨЦ⣬Լĸĸһһ٣˵Ǽҵĺӡ

£ỳǰӼǰ
ż飬̫Сˣ۾壬ү֮󣬷ɱȥϻ

үӵ۾Ҳûǿ٣¼飬תܻ鷿

һĻĪۿֲԾʪˡ
۰ġ

ԼĸףĪǵãʱӳҲ۰ӵģ档
ôͻȻأ
ֱڣĪԾɲһУﻹһ˿ССϣԼ

ô᣿ʼգ֪вºӵˣֻĪһѡ

һʱ֮䣬ﲻζ

ỳǽϣս
ƶ·ڸһжҪ
ڶȫ˶ԣֻаҪ

үӺܹܿˡ
˶٣ܼͿʼûд˳ǻǽС

һСССǵƣüģ÷ǳרע
ڿĴ󲿷ݣǻǺġ
ڣǿһС֡

ΪԼû壬˲ϻƬ
ɲôһġ
ժϻһ̬½ǣҪٲһֻǻûüѾھƬϡ

үѾ׽סˡ
̧ͷŰ

Ů

үү̵ķӦϤ
ΪղţְҲģҺȣְҪӼһЩ

С˾飬߹ȥүүм䣬Ҫοǡ
Խο̿޵Խ
үүţ˵ˡ

§ڻգգ۾ͷ衣
˸ȴ𣬴Ц⡣

Сǳ޻һġ
ԭְүү̣ӭؼҡ



һ죬үү˵˺ö໰
ǵ֣һʱڹ¶ԺʲôһʱǶûб۸
룬һһش

ʵ¶ԺûôãԺʦ۰СǣʳðҲóԵķˡ

ڹ¶Ժһʼ֪ʲôǰְ裬ȴи
ΪῴƬСĵܵаְ裬ȼС裬ںȹʱҲﹾ衭
ҲҪְֺ衣

үӺŰС֣ȥ顣
Ȼ֮䣬ǸеңҺúӱһؼʱꡣ
Ժкܳʱ䣬һ˻úó谮ֲȥܵĿࡣ

ˡ
үӺһ͵ſڣϳ
ˣȵİСǻֵ

үæ߼ǰֱŵ⣬·϶ǳΣյģ
Сջүү֪ˡ

ү˵ԼҲţҪһСĴ򿪳ţᱻ˦ȥġ
ٴεͷɵ˵үүټ

òףһڣɹүӻ᲻ðջ
û뵽Լŵ⣬Ȼȫˣ

үӵǰδеãСЦеػݡ
Цô£ԺŮ㷳ġ

˵үӳ˸ۣ˫ֱ¥ߡ
ûŲһ٣ͷʵĪ˵ǰҲӹȥˣ޲飿

Цʧε˵ǺϱȰš
ҿںңүӵ

ЦеСǰϰı䣬һ¥ߣ˭˵ģģޡ

үӵ˳Щ

ǵʮһ󣬶ͻȻˡǻȷʵе˵Ҳûǹ顣

үüͷ˿ԼĶӡ

һˣŮϡ첻ǹݺͻ᳡ϰӴ󡭡
ΪʲôҶ



һڵûã
Сȥš

˵ˣԼȥţҪְ衣Īһţ̣ӳ߳ǻô죿

ʱѾˡ
վ⣬Ц󣺡ɲǻˡ

Ī뾪ȵ̫̫

СȻ֮䣬ָָСȵλã壬Ŀֽۡ
ȵصͷԼϵĿֽͨ˺תͷ˵֣մϵģΪ쿪ʱС̴ӹʱҶûע⵽ֽ

ӦþˡûϣḩϸలСԴ㻹ǵð𣿡

ǵѽ

ݡ
ɳϣеĪ룺ʶصݣ˵ˣ١е㵣ģ⸽㡣
ӹỳǵȲ裬һлҲʵû°ɣ

û¡Ī˵Ѿˡ

ͷѾܾûгƷˣⲿ˫ǡľ籾ܺãصĵӰҲǲһҪסᡣ

һҳĵضĪ˵һúñ֮Ļ
費Ȧ飬ߵǰź档

ʲô߰ʡ
Ūһޣڵϣܵ޻ޣǿԸ޻򲼡

һڵϾͻᷢСӰæ֮޾Ͱˡ
ǰߣģϲ

̣Ҫʡ
ðЦᡣ

ͷ˳ĳסӡ
޵ȣ˺ᣬǶԴһĺһ㡣

ſڵϣСѾΣȵ˵̣Ҳỻѽ
΢΢һ£᣺ġ

ʱĪſڵϣ̫ˡ
ỳ˵ҪЬ̫ˡ

Цˣְ԰á

Ī˼ڰϣǡ
Ī˵ģһúⲿϷٳˡ

οЦô꣬һ죬ԱһֱҶǳ㡣

䣬ɨ輸ϵһļ

ϸһһдַǳԡӼ顣

ջߣ裬ǻؼˡ

ؼҵ·ϣڿųĬǷӼ¡

ɰϴμ֮ĽĿƬΡû뵽ǹ¶ԺС
Ĳɵصͷš

ҲһСѺòã˵
붼û룺ڵ壬ʺչС
һ̣רչ˺ӣҵֻеС滹ûġж˼ֿһɣ𣿡

õæûʱ俼⡣

㶣𽥱
һۣ̾ͣ·ߡ

裬ǲǷҪкӵġȰ

ͷΪǵʧŮͲϢ
ȥˡĻƽ裬Ҫᵱ¡



ϰ˵㣬
ԵĴͷϣһյСţƹơ

軳Сʣ裬Ǵ𣿡

Ѿǽ죬⡣
Ī𣺡Ǵġ

С̧ͷϸϸĪĺ𣿡
ĪЦˣ񡣡
ѽʡ

Īḧӵüë۾ӡ͡

üë裬۾裬Ͷ衣˵̫ˣôǰôûأ

ԼСӣıӣѽǱ϶ס
ỳ˵ÿ˵ı϶ס
֪СӰһ̽ԴǱϵһģ

ỳǱЦָָС䣺㿴ĶͰְֵǲҲ񣿡

ϸ۲һְֵĶ䣬ԼĶ䣬šüҡͷۡ

ô񣿡ỳһֻ䣬ÿ涼иСס
ãȻʣְڿЦ𣿡

Ī̲סЦ

ϣɷ羰İְ֡
СȦ裬һһʣԼǲĺӡ
裬䷳ظ𰸡

أеˡ
˯Լڹ¶ԺʱССԸ

Сѱ°ְʱĽ
Ϊܻ룬Լܻصİְ߾ͺˡ
ԺĴǲܵģԸ

СӲ֪ڸԼЦüҹĵԸ
ϣܹԼİְ衣

˯Ϯ۾СģһΣ裬Ů𣿡
Īﺢӽ鷢ۿǣġ

Цˡ
ԭĻγ氡



Īص飬ʽͶ뵽С
һߣỳǴźȥ¶Ժ
ֻһأĲ

֪ǷŮԺ־ϲ
֪ǰ֮Сӱ֮ǰ˵Ժһα

̶̵ֱ̯ۣЦСˮһ

͸ŮŵʱԺ˵ϣԺԺúöԴӡζҪǧҪܵίˡ

ỳǵͷԺġ

ԺЦˣϸһ룬ʵǶˡǲ֪ԼŮʱԸ뾡취ؼҡȷһ㣬ȻӲܵ˺

ˣԺỳʣǰûп˭Ѱ͹ģ
Ժü΢룺ûУһӾſˣֵġǲ˼أϾӤΥģĵԷӣһ׷ס

ĵǲһʮ¡СŮˣỳʡ
ĵˣЩ˺ܾǴñӣÿڡ˵ԺҡͷնͰĲŮˣһˡ

ỳǵ
ԭڲ²Īһ˰첻ô£ѵȷʵж

ػ𣿡ʡ
ûСԺ˵ʱ̫ˣĵĻû壬ûбס

ỳǳĬˡ
Ǹ˾˭

Ժ̣ΪʲôûпԪԪѽǵĶԻ

Ժ˵˸㣬ԪԪһԷˡǽʦһμԪԪС춺÷ЦǺϲûþͰӻؼˡ

Сˮ۾һӾˡ
ãԪԪҲмˡ
ôϣ¶ԺÿһС飬ӵԼļҡ

뿪¶Ժ֮󣬹ỳǸĪ绰
еæһϷܸ֮ϹϵʱѾòˡ

е֮󣬷Żڱϰ֣ͷ̤ʵ

ְ裬ʲôѽʡ
Ī뽫ڱݸ͵ǻڱԺֻҪСӣҾͶ֪СͥеһԱ

ڱڻ
ôҪСɲŪ

һ¿ڱһָۣԼҳϵһ֣ʮһߣʲôأ

ǰաỳˡ

ӣСӵ۾ɵñͭ廹Ҫ
ˣ117գǰա

ܿǰˣյʱ򣬰ְúøףĪ˵Ǳһιա

ǵһιۡ˵
Īҡͷƶ˵ղ㡣

գգ۾
գϴһ⡢ո衢ɳ̲Ӱ

һʱ֮䣬СЩڴԼա
գ



һֱûֹͣ飬ΪѾҵǽص֤ϣڴҽԺҵ

ҵѾݵĻʿԷʾԼĪӡ̡
ΪĪҽԺüΣѵʱҵҽҳ

λŮʿȥҽԺӰ첻ãÿζȥҸĵطʱһֱͣΪɱۺ֢뿪ģҽûȡ

ʣ𣿡
ûнܣһΣһ˹Ȱˡʮҵˣݸ߸ߵģ˹ģ̸Ҳк֮Ҳûʿ˵

ʿ˱¼ܿͶˡ
Ϊļ¼񣬲ûĵǸˡ

ǾĪ֣顣
Ȼڵ״⣬һʳʲôһأ

Ժ
ôɣԺſڣỳǡ

ƻڰỳǼǡ
ԺĹǳϸϴĪ͵͵ȥëߵ鷢֮ҶһֵԺſڳԱҪеǼǡ

Ǽ֮󣬻ƻ˵Ī̵ʱʱ֮ǰ˵ԼŮѾˣںӾȻ᳤󣬱ʮˡڷֳ֣ѲģȻ˵ŮλΪǱ򣬱ʲôġˣ˵˻ģֲֻ˵˭ʵں岻ˣ˵±ĪС绰ֻϵ㡣

ǰԹỳ˵ûа취Ī˵˭

ỳһԡ

ϲòĨȥӺŮܹĿࡣ
ˮģҲһȫ



ʱ̽ࡣ

ĪɫԽԽã˵úϲ£죬óһϣ룬ӰҲɱˣĹҸɸѡһ¡

һЩԡ̸ӰԼһսĿ˵ؼսĿĿҪһ˲μӣҿ˽Ŀݵã˼

˼ĪҲҪ㰲˶һܹȥμӵĽĿܸȤ

˸ӣȸ⼸ԣһ̸աҸұ֤⵵պرڽĿʽ͹ϲ

Ī¶ҸЦݣãҲһҪ̸
ʲô㷭ϣҳƷƵϡ

æϵһ߷ᣬߴһϢҵıʧˡ

žડһеͨͨϡ
ȥĿɿڴĪ롣

߷̫¡𣿡Īϸ˼ֹҪȻһ

𾪵ؿƽ̹С㻳ˣ

ĪҲܲ졣
ôϸ궼Ǳ




45.  45   һɣ

ỳǺλһ¥, Īٵ׷վŲ

Ī̵ܲȶôһȥ´̼ƻ˵

ỳתͷλ٣, ȥԡ
Է˵ͷȻĪٵı¼Ϊֻ֤ҪṩһЩ, ǾͿԼȥ

ƻţỊ̄Ůˡ

Īš
һۿỳ, üŻƻǳ⣺ŮӵǺҪģŮŶʮ̸ֻ꣬Ѷ, ôͱҵŮˣ

ƻ, εؿŹỳǡ
Ī˵㲻Ҫѵ˵ȥ, С̸ֺ, ÷˿֪ˡ

úúã֪ˡƻ, Թỳ˵, ȳȥˡ

ȵƻһ, ׷ֻʣĪٺ͹ỳǡ
һ, ˵нǺܲ׵, ΪãͲӦپȥ
˶٣˵ǶŶʮ꣬жԣ

ỳǳĬĪ١
ֱ֮ǰΪǶףô, ҲǸס
ڣͻȻɡ

һ·߽ٶ˵˻ʿṩ
һ죬ĪȥҽԺҪҽԼһ˵һʼ²һǹ

ͿԽΪʲô֤ҽԺ¼ûĪٵӰ
Ҳʼգûдźȡ
˴бߺӣǸˣǳΡ

ỳǶĪʵ˵ʲô飬ƫִԼĥĪ롣
һһ룬ϸ룬֪ĪپڣҲȫΪĪ롣Ī˵Ǽ£ĪٲûȷҪӣȻˣôº֮µ飿

Уỳһֱȱʲôˡ
ĪٵĶ
Īҵ⣬˺Ī롣

ͬʮʱ⣬Īٶһ˴Ī볤󣬽Ϊõͨͨû¡
ĪٲûдĴǽϵĴǲִ̬ţⲢ

ԣǸĪˣ˭

̡ỳǵʣĪܴ鷳𣿡
Ī붼û룺ʲô鷳

жԼͨ壬˵ӵôõԴȫΪڱճʱ˽ҲǽǮҳġ

Ϲ˵Ǹɫݵĺܺãݶ޲ڣֻҪ۾˶ܿóĪټ

ỳܲ˵Īйص£״̬˲٣ήҲ

֪ݼãûã鲻ЩҥԶԾǺܴ˺

ĪٵüšԣǸý

ỳ˵У֮¡ȻѾɱ࣬ͬһСԱڽܲɷʱ˵Īˣ۸ԼĪСǸСԱھͷǰ˵߿ޣͬߣһ浹վСԱһߡ

Īٸˣɵ͸˵ˣлǱšԸȰ

ҵ취ỳ˵
ʲô취ĪһۣԾĮ㶮ʲôȦ𣿡

а취𣿡ỳǵ΢΢ǰ㣬̽ʣߣ֪֪˭а취

ĪٳΣض
ȷû֮˵ͷ



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ĪŶȣһֻ°ͣЦһŮˣǰ걻Ūˡ

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һ˵꣬ϸϸĪĻڡһվӣ

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Ů
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Ī뿴Ȧ֮Լõˡ
ˣ򵥽ǰ֪

ֱʱʶΪʲô䣬Ī˸Ƶġ
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Īһ漴Щ귢һзٵػصԺС
͵һ𣬹Ҷϵ绰˵㣬дȲ졣



Źỳһ滬ݡ
ݺխС۰Ͱ͵Űְ֣һΣ˼ģ

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Сӿʼ֣һΣһΣ

ỳʵֲӣϻݡ
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ɣݣС

ỳĻûݡɹ
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̫ˣȻݶû취ʧȥȤѽ

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ڸŮʱĪˡ
ɱ軳

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Ī뻻ЬŰڼԲԡ
СŴùԺùԣ

ỳЦˣСԴȥϴ衣
Դﰲϴ

ʱ䣬СӱǰҪճˡ
ỳǺĪ붼֪֤ӱȹȥаȫˡϾڵİ¶֪Σְ趼ᶪԼ

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һʱ֮䣬ĪϽһ㣬תˡ

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һԭǣױȻΪˣһֻҪץסԷ֮ܽԷܵίҲ㲻֮
һԭǣĪٱϾԼĸף죬أһֱһСڿҲ໹ת

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һֻѾˢһֻ֣ڱ

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ɺˣְֵĸ첲ҪԼ·

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ӽ顣
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ȵתˣ̫̫̾ãѧߡãôᡣ



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㵽˾Э飬Ȼ޹رʾԼȻʶĪ٣ֻΪĪٹĪҵżϵġ
⼸꣬Ѿûˡ

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ĪЦˣΪʱ뿪¾ͽֻҪ飬ͻ֤ݡ

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Īٸûа취֤ʲô֤ݣ

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ֱʱſʼ۹⣬ӱг𾪵˵˵ǳĺӣܣôܣ

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Ƭ˳ƬУһСкǳ硣

һӡĪ˵
Ƭֿʼ૵ⲻܡ

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ͷ߬ƬӨˮ˳ӹ䣬ֱĨȥ᣺һԼ顣



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ӳԾװԼ֪Īٱñܹ
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㲻ȥ¶ԺһӣҲСĪŮؼҰɡ軺ڣᣬǣô¶Ժ㱾Դȥ¶Ժģ͵ǺҿĶС֪֥֥ʱ壬кˡ
Ҫ˵ĪƭġżؿڣҲԸٴλǰĵ£С

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鵽֣ѵĶѾˣҲ˵Ůûã֣ѾѾС

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Ůֻ£ҲҪ

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ԸⱻͻȻʧ̬ͺ󱻷ְڳϣǱȫȻûƽŵģ

վԭأݵþֽһҪһ㡣
ڣûз磬ϵ⡣



һߣүүһڿỳСʱƬ

ְ֣Цʡ
Դҡҡͷϲ

ү˵ǣϧ㲻ְ֣ҪȻʱһ㣬үү̾ϳˡҲôʱ䣬ô·

үүĻֻǿƬݰͰ͵Ск˵̣ҰְСʱĳ𣿡
ǰЦţȥһռǱָճʱһдռˣҪ֮ٿǺʵڼǲȥˣͰռǱˡ

ƵռǱ
ܺܺһӣǺȫǿյģֻ¼ҳ
ÿһҳ֡

үүʲôѽʡ

үӳĬˣһۣ֮˵̫ˡ

ЦͣʱҲûÿֽʼ¼û뵽죬һһ仯ûУҾͷˡÿ裬ҪȻ϶ûôɰ
˵Ͳ͹ˡү˵ֲǲǶҲ˼˿ġ

ҪСʱģҡͷ䲻

˵裬ִָ󣬳֮˧ҪСʱӳǮҲȢϱ

䣬ỳǺĪͬʱ
һۡ

ỳǣ

ЦеسĪ֣ѵỳƬø㿴ݺ
Ī뿴ˣƬڹỳǰȶԡ

ʣǰôģ
Ī벻˼˵ʮʱѾˡ

ỳվһԣһڶԼʱĳͷ㣬
ߵߣ˵ǡ

ͷְ̣˵ˣǲòȡˡ

ỳǣ
С˼Сʱֻݺ

ỳǲԸٺǼ⣬֪
ȻȻϳԼΪյ֤Ѿ㹻䰸ظټϽṩҵ˾Ŀɾ֤ݣﲢηóԺܳʱˡ

ֻΪڵУϣʱҪ⹫ӵʧľϸڣýĹȹעҲ˵û취Ǽҵĺӡ

֪Ϣ֮һû£ܻеһ죬ʱ˵Ҳü
үӵϳټЦݣŰ˵ĻѾץˡ

ۡ˵

үСԴ˹ỳǺĪһۣЦ˵Ǿ壬Ҳúܺá

ỳһ⡣
ôûбֿմСްĹˡ



İڵУȴʽ䰸ظ档

Ӱ˫ǡɱ࣬ĪڵÿտϢһʱ䡣

֣ϵϸ֪ЩϸñЩֲñ鼱֮£㽫ĪйصϢȫ˳

һǣĪǰˣȥ˽ҽԺ죬Ƭ಻ԡ
۷׷ס

ݣݵ˲Զӣҵľ飬ƬӦѾ߰˸ˡ
߰˸µĶӣǿ϶ˡں
ѵĸҵڴеĺӣ֮ͱˣ
һ˵Ҳʼˣǲһ·ȷʵ̫˳𣿿϶Ǳпɽ
Ϊӱбߣ뺢ּԲ𣿡

ڶǣĪԼĸײܲˣֻ͵Ժ˷ãȥ̽

ǰɲǰɣ˾ȫˡ
ȻôТ˳
ҸղŲĸǼԺúܹ󣬵ͲǮ˶ԣТ˳飬Ī̫ûˡ

ǣĪɷѾЭˡĸͼ٣ҲͼƬȫ֤ݡ֤ʾһǷ֮ǰûסһһֱڷ־״̬ǹỳǹ˾˵һ䣬û̫̫Ҳû̫̫˾ǼڽĿУҲû˯һ𣬹Ԣ̨ϵڻһż۵

ȻЭˣ֮ǰĳϵϾ׼ϡ
ǲʱѾһ˵ĸôǲǺǸйأĪ˺ӣԹܼҪ飿
ôģʱڽĿһֱϷ
Ū˿ɣˣΪǡǮҪϷڽĿɵȻȫˡ

һϣȫǳĪģȦ˾޴Ĳˡ
˺ܶ࣬ģҪĵӰ
˳˥˵˫ǡӰһͨˡӳΪĪ˺ӣһ۵㣬һӰ쵽ҵ顣

ǽƣͬʱνҵʿ˵ȥĪ뱾ҪݺüݵϷǽûãȰˡ

һʱ֮䣬ĪĿڱ׵ˡ

ϵŶӽΣأϸ֮ȥĪҡ
¥²ٹţҲʵʵ

㵣Ĳѣֻ´֮󣬿ȥǸɫ԰סҹƵĪ롣
Ȼ˭֪һһʵ˯³ˣһƤ𪡢ɫЦ档

㣺

ʱỳŰ档
Сÿɿˣһ㶼Ӵŵס˹ߣЦ۾

㡣Ī뿴鳩졣
㣺㲻֪𣿡
֪Ī㵹һˮǰνôˣֲû

̾ҪԼ͹ŶĶԲ˵ʱȴĪ뻺ˡ

һϣӡӼ鶼ڣֻǾϣҶ԰бܶѣɰܻУʱó֤һǾ֪жˡĪ˵

ô׸㶨ǸΪʲôҪɵ
Լأ϶ϵ˷ġ˸ƵģôԼ߶ԷöԷİѱе϶һļԷȫˡ

ôһ˵߻ռơüչȵһУѰ¸ߴңӭжˡ

Ī˵Ժ¸ӿЦھܳ塣Ժĸ˻ǻ֤ҲֻǮȥ̽
ڼǰȥԺһˣֻĪ٣֪˵ʲôѡ

ȥ졣ͷΪѵ˵ǹǷ֮䡪ڽĿзִ˯ܲǼٵİɡ

ⷬỳĵתͷڻš

Ī룺
ⲻûŸɱؼء

ȡӣ壬ϣǾͲ˰ɡ

죬һֱҪһ档

Ī֪Ҳ֮ǰҵ
¡
ӵнʱյһУʹȻ㱻ƷһдͷҲٴλص۷塣

ôУ˿ҲеģΪƭ˴ҡ˵޸鲻͵ıϣ׳ģֻҪͺˡ

̣ʲôѽʡ
˵ְȥ˿ǰױ

÷˿ְֶ𣿡ʡ
۾һǰֻôģ

ỳǣһԹϵı顣
濴ƽʱŹ䵭ģڼȻ

ỳǺһ˵

߹ɳСľѲ˲䣬һؽܣְ־ôġ

һĴȣðϴθ̸õսĿѾˣһһȥϣһܷеҥԣ

ʲôĿѽգգ۾ǡʵϰĸ𣿡

ǣյֽСһֻʮԪ˵

Ī룺
˵õʵأ

ؽͣԽ˵ԽСȷʵǼ¼ǼֱͥĿֻǽĿҪ񣬽ĿŻÿεÿֻʮǮûʳģֻҲûգÿͥһܵõʮǮ֧䡭

ۣʮǮöۣ

ỳֹ
ǲƽʱںӶԽǮ֪ûаѺùأΪʮǮѾܶˣ

һʮǮĪ뻺᲻ˣ

㲻Ȼ⣬˵εĽĿп㣬αҲģҵľ飬һ𣡡

ޱȼ
ϸǴӲǣһĵ㡣
һΣҾ㲻΢ܿĵǣӰڱҲɣ

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Ҫݰ




46.  46   Բգ

ԡһֻʮԪĿǳġ

Ŀ, ȺǺܴġ

Ǯ˱ϾȺ󲿷ѧ͹ܽʡ֧, ٵ֧ԺúȺãǽĿĿ㡣
, ˵ĿһЩ豲ĹڣʱڵĻʡǮ, ĿȶСˡ

μӵļαǡʵϰĸнպطģкӣҲĿľʳ̶Ȼۿ, , ҪȥμӵĪ͹ỳǣ
ĪʱҾ, ĸ״Ŷʮʼ, ƬһһߣǮԾֻпϵһ֡ڹỳ, С, ʲôʱô׾ݹ
ķ, һùڲȤ

ԽԽ, Ц⣺ĿǱѾϵ, ʽ¼

׼ǣỳǰ㣬һʮǮӲԹ涨𣿡
ǿԲԷǰɲܰҺỳˣÿ˶ʮ飬ҪʮǮÿվѿ𣿡ĪҲʵ

ЩԻ, ְ֣裬󿴿Լ
˵ˣһѽ
Сӻţóָͷȷְûһݡ

ҲǸСۣ

һʮǮĿʲô˼ʡһļֻͥҪ΢һ֧ܰ쵽ˡ붼û룬ǵϣ

Ǻܿ죬˵ȻˣĿ϶᲻˵ġЩĿ·ʱְܻݹ
£Ī룬ֿỳǡ
а취ȥ򹤣

ỳǺĪ뵹һ
취ģֻҪ涨Ͳˡ

˭ܶӣ

ˣȻȥˡЦеڽĿα벻ӣʱǹ

Ȼ˵֮ⷬܲСѹͲĿα˭
ŰȻȥЬ֮󣬰Դ̽ȥһȦȷûý֮󣬲뿪

ʱ˼жأȥжǡ

һֱĪ룬ʮˣԹĪһɳڴݡ
ѾһѾĶͣڹϵ⣬㱻ô
ģʵˣᱻ˵ۻܡ



ӰѾɱ࣬Ī
ӦͰȥ׶԰ģ֮ΪԼѾ̫麢ӵʱ⣬Ҫͨʱ䲹
ĸЧ飬ԸలȫУȵӦڼ֮ȥ׶԰Ҳ١

ȻĪѾڼỳǾͿȻع˾ˡ
Ҫ¼սĿǿԲμӵģòף̫̫ŮʧˣôܴôõĻ᣿
ʱ䣬Ī֮ĹϵǢǲܡһΪ﷢̫飬ûл̸۱˴˵⣬ǵмʱ䣬ҶСˣһӾһһжûƵġ

ڹỳǿЩ⡣
ⲻ¼Ŀһڳһҵģ

ĿǣỳǾץʱӰ࣬Ѹð¶ˡ
һ¼ư£ԾӼҰ칫

һ磬ϵϣĪȥһ˿

˵ȻѾ֤ȷ䣬кܶʹĪ˵ҧŲϣԾ˵ȥһˣֻҪȥˣͽһкгϣ֮ǰܽҿôɵ㣬ҹȥһˡ

ỳࣺҪСһ㣬Ǹӡ
ûϵġĪЦ˵ڿ棬ٻһȥģΣա

ΪĪҪȥỳּŻع˾͸˸绰ǹһˡ
ûãھ͵ˡ

üЦҶѾ쵽ˣͻȻӵ绰Ͻˡ
գգ۾ŹүӣүүҲȥ𣿡

ˣ˾үүģһϽ·ͳˣ¥ġ

Ī̲סЦˡ
үƽʱŲЦģֻҪǺͰйص£رġ

裬ȥһ˾ͻ㲻ƵšĪ˵
ͷԼ˼ȥ·

үɳϣԵġ
Ҷаţһˣ

߰ɣ㡣ỳ˵

ڰְ׼ʱѾϲضүү˵ǼҪ¼յ¡
үӰһỳһۣգ˾¾ôţֱɥ־

ỳǣ֣һ̨Ծܰ칫
ô˵д¥ﶼûˣүû

үүؿڣְֲȥ𣿡
үӿСŮһۣŵתơ

ǲܡүӿһ
̫¶õСЦ

źЦݣ˭ܷƢ
үӵת磬ỳһۣʹŵڽĿ칫ˡ

ỳǣ

ںǰһˣȥԸŹүӺҲְ衣
ڣСȷظְܵҪţܿͻġ
ˣһ㶼ʧ䣬רүү档

ʵ̫ˣһһүү̽ܡ

һǹ顯һ·䣬СݾͻڵϲͣתݣڵذƴתԼСԴҲҡڣֱͣµһ̡

СŮôôϲ̲סóֻꡱһġ
үҲЦοŰתٶ֡

үүҲת롣

үӣ
˰ɡ

ŮһߥϰҲתתԴһСЦͣʱˡ

үǣŰȥţ϶裬ððʧʧģ֪˴ʲô

ֻһվһŻɫԱǵ͡
ûе͡ү˵
ԱɻؿһӣﲻǱʮһ𣿡

ʮӿ

Ա˵˼Ŷת˼ϵƿಡһ¿ˡ

ԶԶؿӰС·ʪˡ
̫ˣȵȫǺ߳Ա׬ǮǺġ

һţ̵Ļ

үҡҡͷڵ˰緹ԸԼʲô



Ī⿪ȫ³ÿվڿķ١

ỳǴ򿪳ѣעⰲȫ
ת𴽣á

ŷٽȥỳǿʼԼ
עⰲȫĻղڼҾ˵ˣ˵᲻Եú܆£

̫ʵˡѺʱ䣬ʱʱҪһ֣ϴλ˵ԼزӾס˵ڳˣ֣Ҳֲʲôô

٣öòŻУĪʡ
֮󣬽ʱһ£ټϷԺʱ䣬ʱͿˡ

Ī뾪ȵôʱ䡣

ɶа̻ǱȽϽģҪô򡣲֮ǰǵǵ׶γ©ԲϣұһСѾˣȵ֮ǾͿԸýˡٱűʰԼĪǼǣ˵

Ҳ˵һµʱ䡣 Ī˵

ûٸпϵЩۣҲˡǲµֻ࣬ץһ߽߱ǽǾΪԼ֪ȫˣǵ˵Ҳס

Ǽɺ󣬷ٺĪһ̽ңظɾ

ʱĪһ
ʮˣƽʱעûзźᡣ
ȻڵͷͻȻһЩ׷ɿףѾݣݵࡣ
֪µʱ尾

Īû
ˣǱǧжΪ

ؿĪ롣
ǵǰԼߵʱ򣬾Ѿ֣ѽĪкϱ
ΪʲôڵĪ뿴˿Ӱ죬ʹûصشԾöҫ

ѵ֣ûĻ

˵ɣѾ˼ҹΪʲôĪ˵

ҧء
棬ʲôʱԹˣ
һˣҪڽŵף

һԼ侲ʱʲôӦúܺɡ

Ī˫ֻǰЦ

Цһ˵ĪٺҺıһӵŮġ

ĪԾɲǿһСһ㣬ؿ

㲻ţҿ԰ϸڸ㡣ҧгݣһ죬Ī˵ǺˣһȥҽԺҽԺͻȻ˵ӴûдڹͺˡңҰѺӵ

ǹǽԽ˵Խ
ȻⷬĪȴޱ顣

ĻĪپûҪõ֤֮һֱܵҽԺ֡

ɫǺ죬ҪѻĪԼ˵ǡ
ûκκ֮ǵģΪ͹ỳǷҪ׷鵽ףһͲᱻҿ

ҧأϽգĪٸͲ㣬ô£ǰ㵱һԼ׬ǮĹ߶ѣ

ĪԾ治ɫ˵𣿡

һ㶡

ֵˡĪ뻺ıѣʹࡣ

⣬ֻǺЦһ

˵費һôĺӣԿʼ˽̽顣ҵϣ취õļõڼµͷȥ顣ϲĶӡ

ڶˣ˫ѹӣƭҡ

ûƭ㣬ûܹȾͷȥ飬ǿȡDNAġĪЦ˵ıӸϣͲӡӴѧʼһ֣ѣҲһһ⡣

ԸţͻȻͺֻشϣײ̶
ĿѣҪǰȥĪ룬ֻ˫Ҳţټϱϻпظɾͷ٣˸һ޷

֣ĶӲģôܣ
Ϊ˽źŮ֮Ų·ĪŮһһʱͿôİѱ
ΪӺˣԲôż飬ΪõȨýعֻҪҶΪǵŮڹ⣬Զᱻҿ

ʱ䣬һֱڰûУڵԼôô⡣
ڣĪǴ⣬޴

Ӹģ

߬ȭͷסʱԾڵͺ緢˿һҪĪƴ

ĪԷ˵߰ɡ

뿪̽ҡ
ʵղƭİɣ
Ҳƭ𣿡Ī˵ô£軹ңûйȥĶӾǲġ

˵ôһûκθ
Ǹ֣ѺýŮ֥֥ûеõʱȣֻǹҧˡ

ΪİӰ࣬ÿѶʱĽƻͻȻýѣЦֻܵԼȥˣҲʮ֮ˡ

ĪС㣬ôôȷƭ㣿ҲΪĸײʡ

Ī봹Ĭã˵ͷ



ԺСǹ֡Ӫŵļ߻˽
ʱװ幤μԺĻһΧڻ˱Ϸ

ǶϷһڵ֣˳Ϸ

һְӰʦˡʱС¼صڣѰĪٵӰ

ֱѾʼˡ
ĪĿڱѾ̶̼ʱ䣬΢ѷ۷˿üȻķ˿󣬵۵ٶ̫ˣûãӰĻ̳
ڽ磬ĪŶڹ˺ŷ˳壬ûжĸֻ֮ǣֻԼԸŵġ

ǹֵж̫ǿˣȻԺĪ衣
ĪŶӦѾ˰ɣļٲˣٵ治ˣʵ˵ġ
ĪĲТӦûһиߴҰɡ
˵Ī岻ãǰȺĬ֢֪ܲ˳ͼ߽
ǹֵҵ쿴ȻͷܶڽǸ̫̫Īɣ

ߵĪߡ
ȥ˼Ҷһ
ͷ̫̫һڴڳϷˣŽơĪĮͦñֱֱģһ߸ϵı飬ǶʲôƲƵġ

ĽŲ˶١
Ī迴źһǡ

ʱĪɨһۡ
ҪӲͷƤǰ

̣ĪɣС

⻰ĪٻʶŮ

ϸ۲ķӦ
ԣһ˵̫̫ͲôˣԵıЩٶۣȻ籬˵˰ȺĬ֢

ĵʹˣ̣Ůںܺ찡ܶ˶ڵӰеı֡
ĪһۣûⲻǷϻһŮܲ

û۾ˡ
֤ĸŮ֮ȷйϣ

æ˵Т˳лĴͳ£ĪȻһĸײܲˣʵ̫ˡ̣ʲô˵ģ

Īɵɵؿ
Ҳ֪˶ã֣ƻ

סˣɴ۾

ƻҴܹ
ڿĪپͷۣ̾һỊ̄ôˣ

Īָһָƻмߡ

ˡ
˵õİȺĬ֢أ
ôþʱ򲻾þʱϹ

ƻĪ˽ⲻˡ
ƽʱ̫̫ѸúܣǹغŮ飬ǹھֱӳˣ˻Ҫ顣ҪȻϴôܺŮ׷ôʱ䣿

̫ˣϰĵƬɾƻ

Աܿˣϳȥ

ϳԺǲģүһ䣺ү֪Īǲǹòã

Ժ˭֪Ѳ̫̫
үڼǰ˵ĪٵĻ˼Ůÿ¿ɶԺüأ

õúܰү˵ŮŮϴŮء
һţĪĺôƭҵİɣ

үüֱӽÿͱ˦ǰԼ

ͷ׼ÿͱ
ԺԱҪǼǵģںϱع֮ǰỳǺĪ־;Ȿϡ

ԸͲǲɣӰ󲻽ԼϹҿÿͱдŹһ˶˺üΡҸղү˵Ī뻹ˡİϣûҪȥɡ
ÿͱϳľǹܺĪˣ˵ĶŮûôƵĪ͹ܵĹͦæģĪǰһֱڡ˫ǡ飬ǾȥĪ裬ĲТ˳һ˵
ǰڵģҲۣ˵ģĪ뱾ǶŮûаְ֣ʹˣҲã϶һطġԺĻܺãסҲʱȽϸߵģ˼ƽʱлչˣ飬ѵ𣿡
ĪҪһôչ裿ѵҪĪ飬ÿԼϷ𣿰ʹˣûôڣǵбԺڣ

ϵķת䣬ԭȲΪĪ˵ģҲվһ⣬ŮȽæĸ޷ʱӦչˡ
˰ھԺǴõѡ񣬵ôأһʱ֮䣬۷׷ףȶȹߣֱӳѡ

Ϊѣ˿ˡǹ֡͵͵ǱԺֱƬΡ
ԭڱĪ룬ٱ˳ТѿʼվĽŲرԼ뷨
Ȼ˵ΪϴԼôһǣǹ֡Ӫŵķ˿ǳ֮࣬ǰҲعⲻǵĺϣ׷ȶȣûǮκĵۣ˵ˣһʼֱʱ£Ҷܿó

ТñӣĪͷû죬ͱժˡ

Ľ⣬ͬʱҲЩп
ʵǹٷŶѾˣǸͲţǱۺڡ

ҥֻƤһͿ԰Ѻڵ˵ɰ׵ģҥԣȴҪô̡

ͤŶ¥칫ڻ㱨ȡ
ȵ㱨֮йĪϵ

ʵۣӦʱѹµģֻЩϴԽԽףǶڹעʵͨҲסô˵졣
ȻιһУǺ±ְ²

ТȻˣɻ̫̫ӵϣԼ鲻͵ϡ˵

Ȼ˭֪ӲͷƤ˵֮ⷬ󣬶ϵȴǹỳõı顣

ỳǹЦ⣺㿴У
죺񣡡

ỳصͷȥæɡ

ļţת֮ʣֻͷ͵͵˹ỳһۡ
ôùǵνЩϣЩ˷ܣ

ѵڴԼǽеһ̣



Ī뿴ϵݣֻ¡
ӦҪӻǰļҿһ

үүѾؼˣ裬ճʱµĵط
СӽӣʲôʣաܵӤߣż⣬СŴΧ裬Сʱô˯𣿡

ĪЦ˵Сʱİ˯ҪԶˣҵűӡ
ǿ϶СʱİûôС
ǡĪ빴ӵСǼ⣬ΪǰСʱ˯Ǵ˯ġ

ŲѽȻ

һСҡ塣
´İ֪ôСҡ壬ʱȴѾúˣСҡΣڶߣö
ڵϵСܶѾˣСӻԡ

Īѻҳɾźȥ

ԲСΪռ̫СЩɰȴִ˲ƣ
ĪһֱǿƵġ

ĪŮùӤ߶ԼͲ˼ˡ
ûãԸٲ̤ӡ

û뵽ʱô꣬Ůˡ
Сѣʼߣýζ

ĪԺлص𰲰ʱС
ʱ⣬Сںúó󣬲˲ģԼ⸱ɿɰģ

裬иֻͻȻָָһ

Ǵͷĵ¸Īٵֻ
Ī˵ԼֻãҪĪԼȥһޡ
ޣ͸˸µġ

ϾǳĪѵԴϡ
һֻˡ

Ļϣǰʱģ
Ƭû

СӿĻϵԼȻûϳϲѣ裬𣿡
ӦûСĪֻᡣ

ֻȷʵܿ㿪֮󻹵õȺüӡ
аСʱĺöƬ
һ챻ʿȥѪ۴޵ģһ۾ʱģ˯ʱģ

ĪȻЩ㶣ӦûԼĸ׵ġ
ĪٵĽʽζֲ̬ɵ꺢ӡʮ˼١

һƵ
ĪٱʱƵ

ƵУĪԾɾͷЦòȻ
һС˶ضֻ

У۾ҪˣĪȥ溢ӵ۾û¼ȥˡ

ƵĪսֻͷصİ׷¡



ỳǺĪѾʰ׼һŰһϽĿ
ֱڣĿûиκνĿ¼̵˵ҲûĿĵؽ

ù󣬵ҲΪǷǳڴ

СӵȥϽĿ֮кܳһʱүү̣ðְԼ͹ȥһʱ䡣
ԣϽ˵һ죬ϻǵûؼұ˯ġ

֪ӵֵ֮úϲ£졣

ỳСʱûǰô£ʱҰúܣھСкȥ棬һ춼ûؼҡ˵

үҲͷʱ̫Ƥˣ첻Ϸߣ񰲰ôԡ
գգְۣжƤѽ

ʼ뵱ꡣ
ỳǰ꣬һꡣݼҵŮ꣬Сá
ĹỳСõ֣˵Ҫȥ档
һ׶԰ſڣ죬ֱӾʹС÷ȥˡ

׶԰иĴú䤱춼˲Żؼҡ

ǴǶŻˣΪ˷ӣһܳȥҡүӸп̿޸ͣ˵ҪȥҾǻؼң׼ԼһȥֱȽϿ죬û뵽һصңְֺСѾˡ

ôѽͷһôʵĹ£ȵ۾ɸȤˡ

ֱҴˡүʱһĻˣ¼ӳ˵һ㶼ۣ
үү¼ӶˣҲûϴҺضְֲ˵֪ˡ˵

¼Ӷˣö۰
ŵðѲĬĬ˼ԼСϣүԶԶġ

үү򰲰ģ԰үæͣǻݣݵֻСƵģȫǹͷ¼һͶˡСѾͷ϶⣬¼ܳҲۡ

Сһ壬غˡ

ԺϹ˵ʲôأбһۣలԴүү˵ǰԣҲô򡣡

ˣ̯С֣̣ٿһΰְСʱƬ

ҳƬ

Сϸϸؿţеǡ
ҲݳɰְҪһСİˣǲǻۣ
¼ܶˣ̫

Լ϶ӡ
ܶݰ

ǰְ˵ˣĿֻʮǮǺٺٵġ
ʲô취Ǯ

Ȼ֮䣬һ
ʣүүг𣿡

үӱԼŵСŮˣЩ顣ڿתƻ⣬˵үүȥүү˾ȥ򣡡

Сӵͷ絷⣬˵ԸҲһг𣿡

үӺܸɴ࣬һӣû⡣

һﳵгȥ磬ְ֮



㣬ĿĹԱʼҰǰ㡣
ŻͲ³֮󣬱߽ܱǰߣǡһֻʮԪĿʽˣϢʱ֮⣬ÿ켸ʮСʱϵֱһôҿ񫡣ڣһλСαүү̼ңҲ²

⵵յĹһǰʱֻӱĽĿʽڴǰûйЩα
ǶһֻʮԪʽܸȤ֪ǰֱһѾֱ䡣

Ǹĸαүүסôã
αǰְС𣿼αСӵĻһֻܻʮӦûøս԰ɣϾСӶҪӪһͲܴպϰ
ͻȻڴˣסôãһҲǺŽԿ׳СѺСѵĸĸ֮ǰԺúȺõģͻȻһֻܻʮǮһܴ󡣲ϣܺӣҲ뿴ܺӳԲھͷǰ۴ޡ
¥+1ҲܺӣϣҵĺӲҪһԲϾͿʼС
ȵȣиڵ̨ʵϰ˵ĪһҲ⵵Ŀˣòǰүү̼Ұɣ
¥ϵĽãҶǹڣΪʲôô㣿ĪҲ ĿҾͲˣϴεĽĿѵƭûң
һܼСǰþûˣ֪ӱʲô
ƣֻҪĪĽĿһƣ

ܿͳ
ֻǣ˵Ųῴ⵵Ŀȴ᲻õ˳ֱȶԽԽˡ

ĪϹϴ׵𣿡
ϸĿҷ˾˵ϲǷ˵Ǿ飬ƭúòҡ
ʵڲ뿴ѾڽĿϱQˡң˵ĪϹֱڻû飬ǲƲûֺã
ٴŪ˿Ҳˣ

ڹ˼ҴſվŲܵѾµˣǰСѵүү̼ҡҶӡһ̰ɣ²֪ôءһ塣

˰壬һ򣬹ܼҹˡվôˣмСӿӰܼסˣʶҪš
òҪ͵İĹҵ˰ɣ

˸ϽͣģǡÿֻʮԪĿģϵĪ͹ܣ˵ȽæֱӰַˡ

ܼһŷģѴӭ
ֻﻹֹţ̫̫ûأҪǲСıĵ᲻

Ц֪ԼᱻԹýĿȥСӰɡĹܼҿһ㶼֪顣
ȻǣǼҾȻйܼң뵱꿴̨żʱҾͺĽǼйܼҡ뱩һ졣
ľһ㶼СǷĻ԰ãʾɡ
ĺôҲ

ӰʦžͷԺߡ
ԺӺƯǻݲݣ̳߻һСˮء

ˮӦ˼β𡣡Цűһ롱ƣʾӰʦˮء

Ӱʦϡ
ֻǽ׼ˮصһ̣ˡ

ˮܣ
ʲô

˵Ҳ˳飬֪ˮԢʲôԼ˵ֱ࣬⣬ǰߡ
û߼ǿ˰

Сгϡ
гǻɫģһǰһӣ߻װСĸ֡
ϴŵģһɫġĳ£ԴϿһɫİȫññӵĿеճһ

СԲ̵ˡ
λ׷ʵϰĸЩӡ
ÿɰcosС𣿡

ͷһתүү
үӵĴûаͳһҲѡ˻ɫĳ£ͻɫñӡ
ŵгǳ˿һֻŵأʺ׼ûС

׼˵
Ǿȥɡү˵

ۣҡͷͻȻ˼ˡ

ˮۣؿţ۷۵СıǡñӰʦ׽

ǰҽܣʵ֪ԼҪμһô𣿡
ͷСģԲգ

˵ЦֲʧòǵģǽĿôúӳԲأġ
ָָгһǰɣܲ³ļأ

СתеΪѣҺæ
ԣʧЦǵæãٽвɷãòã

Сһ㶼ͷүү˵

һһСгԺȥ
סˣĶæȥ

æŻͲȥ

ŴŴصСԺС

ȥѽ

үӣ
ʱɴ۾ͷԼһ
ԼгҪϻɫ·ѧôŵԱ

˵õﳵ磬ֵ֮أ

ȵȣղǲֱ
֪飬ҪЦЦŮûϵ
үѹѹԼİȫñͼʵʵ

ˡԱcosСˣ˼cosСð
¥ϵģϽ㣬Сޣ
ͻȻڴĿʽֱˣĿˣҪǱӣ
¥ϵģҲǶԼòĪĽĿ𣿡
㣬ӰѰôõķϣҾٸһᣡ

СӽԼĴƸ˽֮󣬼ꡱԼСг
΢һɫװİȻ̺ģԪ

Ҫ׬ǮȥĿ顣
һְͶˣ

ֻǣ֪Ӧȥӵۡ




47.  47   ĿЧ϶

ĻɫСгϻһ塣
Сһ, 塱
ܼһ֪СһҪˣѴ

ƣĻĹڶ۾գһգ
С޴ӱӵȥ, йܼţүүΪݻ, ʵ̫ųˡ

ҽĻ, ڼϵ˻
ỳǺĪĸ鲻ãǶԺҲû˵ˣҪȻһСѶ, ôù˼ҵүӶôأ
֪ڹҼ, үӻ, Ժ̫ˣ

Ļôˣ˵ҪӵҲֻǹ, ûСӵıָָ㡣

ʱүʲô֪
ֻţǲֻҪԴϵİȫñѹʵһЩ, ûϳˣ
ڵͷ̫̫Ƕ, ֱ֪, Ҫùȥ˾Ϲɶ⸱, ҪЦ

үһ, Ůȥ
סɲŵأסͲ

ţգգ۾һ⣺Ϊʲôѽ
ΪûͨԱ֤үһ, ԾȥˣҲӲӡ

üš
ͷʧðɡ

ߣ˾;Ȳɷùүӡ
ͲݵүǰãְܿҪȥμǵˣ֪ʲôҪ˵أ

үలͷ˭ܶӡ

ǽӲǵģ治һӵĽĿֻһ̻ҼžŵĽĿѡ

үŰС֣ؼҳԷɣԱȥ

ˣ
治ǶӽĿ

֮ǰɲ̫˳
һֱ취ĻԣǺԣ⺢С򣬿ġ

˿һҲûİ취ֻúӻһ
ܼҽϢһ

֮¥

صشġ
ܼ˼ʮ꣬»飬ղһĿˣϽ绰
ȻҪ϶ҪԼû֦չģɲϰƵģһɫĴ·ͳˣ

ڣþ¹ȴʮֵ壬һ¥ͿͷɥСģ
ղڷ¿һֱ֪СΪʲôѹæ˸취

Ҫʣǰûʣܵ浱Ա˵ȻڼͰɣүү̵æòã

һ壬ͺˡ
ԴϻŰȫñ˫ģҪʲôѽͣ

˵ȥѵң

үֱȥСԺгý

СӵװȫˣгСصŽ̤ŵĵԱߡ
һ˵ʱ򲻿ݣΣա˵

һְгŵ¥ݱߣСȥңء
ȵңȥֽ֮ӵ
һȥһһȥ鷿һ飬һǰѱ͵ӰңҪѼٷŻسıС
ССﴩš

лһ裬ٳٲ岻⣬ȴ뵯ĻѾ۵쳣֡

̫ˣԱ˳񡣡óһֽң̸Сѡ
˫ֱԴǰ˴գдһ١

ǰһٿ顣˵
һٿ̫ˣС

ֻɩǮ
ɩҳԼǮǮ

ˡ
֮Լĵ绰ֱӲƬ

һĻ۾ᵽĿ㡣
ڽĿֱУСһҲ취ǮԼԱӣӦúȤ

ǲȦƬ᲻֡׬ĵһͰ𡣡
үүȫְ̫ˡ
СڼһȦæʮʮӵģңڼһȦֻҪ롭

һߣĪյƬ

С绰ֱԽԽڶҪǹæԼ֪ôͼƬˡ
ֻǣӲʲô˼

Ī㲻ףֻһܿöı
ӣˡ

ཡ

̧ԼС첲㿪Ļظ

Ӱʦʵһ𣿡
ѽ󷽵ֱ

ֱĹǣĪظı

ԼıʱŮһĵģƯһзۺɫЧ죬Ĵָھͷǰһޡ

䰲Сӽ͵

ˣ
Ӱʦ

үӺҲǰһֱۣĻĪıʱûκβ죬ѾϰΪ
ƽʱʱܻᷢı
ϰˡ

ÿɰӰ𣿡
̫˰ɡ
һֱΪܸţû뵽ͺʱȻôȵıͻȻҪԲͰһ¼ʱӡ
ҪĪκȶȰһ񶼱Ϲװƭ£̫ˡ



ֱĹǻû뿪
ΪĿӹ˼ҳ֮Ҫȥһαҽǰ㡣

ڽĿǰһĿĵص·ϣ˶۸ղŵСޣҲһЩڶĪûȤڴһαʲôͷ
ֱվһƾСʱԾɲ²α˭

Сûʲô̻СͰˣһͰϣѾõˣҲûάޣ˵ҲΪ
Ȧ˵סô

ģһСͯǵļҡ˵СͯǳûãѾ˲ٵӰҲ²˭

顪š

űˣһСѰԴ

С𣿡
֮ǰĲϷСѵݼͦõģ츳
ǰʱս飬ˡ˫ǡ˵ݵĻĪǸɫͯʱڡ
һֱΪСͯǵļҾǺܺõģְֻȫְϷû뵽ԭСɵľסôһ㡣

СɺٻĿӭ

˼еСٻԾͷʱЩнֻ½ǣð֮ҪԱ衣

ûϵǾһСƽʱѡЦ˵

ķӡٻ˵ְƽʱæԱסô

ʣôƽʱСʲôأϷʱʲôأûиӱʲôȤࣿ

ٻ˵ϷʱһЩ棬߸һЩƷƵСͯģΪЩ֪ͨһԾҪֱӿģƽʱϾһֱԣûá

˲̫𣿡
ٻεСѾˣúܿ죬һһߣٹһʱ䣬ͲٵСģˡԳڻģͶĵ㣬Ǯ

һ£ίѣӵֻͯһΰ

ûϵȻСɿ쳤ˣиܵܡٻ˵ţŮ˵ȥѵܵܽѣ˵Ҫ¼Ŀˡ

ӰʦСȥ˵ܵܵķ䡣
ССһ䣬һŶͯڴ˯

С
Ск𴲣еۡһ޳

Сɸ·ȥëˮͷëʪ֮šɣܻܵܲ

Ķǵüͷšˡ

СƽʱôæˣҪչܵ𣿡
ܵܿҲ˰ɣĺСɲԶƲ𡣡
Сɵգǲܵ·һҳСͯǣӺŮȦǮԼͿˡ

ǶСɣһЩ˲˽ȥϡ
һѣҵ˫ǡٲĻ

СϷʱ̬棬͸һҵ
ǵݺֱ֮ûÿʣͬС졣
ôǣ⻨ƬУȻа

СɺͰվһ졣
ݹʲôɫСһرʾݹöö࣬˼ҵŮ

Ȼ

һСƬΣѴҶˡ
Ǹ۵СŮ˸ǵĶԻ

Ҷݱ˵Ů
ԭ

ҿʼ湣Сɰ㲻˼ҵŮѵ˼ҵ

ĿŸյǰɻڣѾвٹڴĿаСɵĻˡ
˴Сɼ뿪֮αҡ

αһԸá

ݰأȦˣ˼ưɺͻ꣬һֱڴҵûгɹ
ھͷǰһɵӣΪʹŶ˿СǹԲ˷С

ýݫhݹӾ磬Ȼ²𣬵ҲһЩ˿ƽʱߵǹֱ裬貢ϲΪ̫ͣ˲ˡ˿Ϊģֻϣ˵Ϸ
Ȼݫh죬ڶ˽⣬ǰУڸǰݫhСһ㽾ݣˣҲֻǺţһʱ֮䣬˿ʼڴڽĿеı֡

˰⣺ݫhĽĿڴ𣿡

ڴ

ôڴ˭𣿡ʡ

ݫhü˵ڴ˭𣿡
˻شͼ˵Ī룬Ҳ֪ĿΪʲôҪڱôμӣԼ𣿡

˵ǳ˳顣
ĿŸտʼҪֵô

ݫhֱ費˵ҵﻰ
ö࣬Һð
̫ûò˰ɣҪһ¼Ŀģ˵ЩʲôôֲСˣʲô˵ʲô
Եֱĺ£Ҳµˣۡ

ݼҳ˵һαΪŮαƬϷǾͲȥˣֱӺߡ

ȴƵ绰ͨĹУҶڲ²⣬Ļ˭أ
òʲôûСԱɡ
ҿһʱ绰ͨˡ

ƵͷǴϷȡ

ȶŴҴкһϷҪɱˡһһһֻʮԪĿ飬ǷһβμգеţҪ鰡

ȵԸܺˬ򵥵һùǻһЦ
ͬʱҲʱʢ죬Īĺա
ʱʾĪڼҿʱƯҲΪλŮͷһؼ棬Ѿһʡ

ڲһˣĪѾڵȦһĵλڽĿѵɫ

ʱȺݫhĪѿĻ
ĿЧ϶



ϵĪ룬˵ѾϵһС
˽µȥĪ뵣Ľ벻ڽĿʼǰһŰȥҡ

̫̫Եһ¡ܼ˵

ӷɫ԰ף۵ĺȦ
ݣڿԵø

ĪͰȥϴ˰񣬱Ǹ˵˼ǼЦˡ

Īʣ㻹𣿡
ͷҰְһ֣ʱĸ˲ƲѾù֤εһְֵʦϵˣ˵һʢӰӾֵǮһû

˵ԳһЦ
ڽԣЩǮʲô
Щĸܵ˺ͲýǮܺģ򡢼ǧ򶼲С

˵ɸɱǵŮһȣϽг
ˣֱ죬֪ԭŮΪ֣ڼ͵顣

һиĪ룬ͺ˵˵Ĺ¡

Ī̾
࣬Խ̫ˡ

Īϣס֣Ժʲô㣿
Ȱ֮󣬾Ͳ׼ڹˡ뻻ط

Ī˵ܲҴһҪԼš
޲⼸춼޲֡ЦݿɬĪ˵ԲңǼҺǡ

㡣Īıܺߡ

ͷҲǣ֥֥ܺߣʱӻôСְڸڷ䡭
˵ȥˣ˫ֽ߬ȭãŻ㱵˵֥֥һҵģΪʲôҪȥʲô٤Σһڼ

ô᣿ĪæĻġ֥֥һϣ֣ܿܺúûȥ

֥֥Ļô𣿡㶵ʡ
ѽ

·ͻȻץһľס֣з᣺ȷ𣿡

һصͷÿСѣϣܿġ

˫棬ᡣ

ްɣ޳һ㡣Ī˵



ڶһ磬ʰСְһȴĿǡ

Ŀ׼ʱŵӣСϳ
ȥǽһС
һ֣ʡǮԢ

˽ܣڽеļαס
ֱ֮ǰһĿĵء

յطʣתһȦ¥һŷ䡣
ÿⶼСӣСָʣ裬дʲô

ķ䡣ĪЦ˵

ϵԼ֣һصͷķ䡭
ỳǹıǼ⣺ǰҪѧˡ

ΪѾҵԼķ䣬һ˾Ϳʼ
ỳǴĪнӹ䣬֮һ۾һ˫˴һŶͯ

ͯ˫ģǴӡ

αǶûĿֱδʼỳǾͽһԣʼϴԡ

ø߰һôСְ˯Ļ׵ȥġ¶ı顣
һСҲ࣬תͷ˿˫˴

˫˴Ҳһ棬ְߣҲˤȥġỳ˵

һӾ͵ɴ˫ۡ
ɲУôȥأ

ỳǵ˫۷⣺ʱ䣬ֻί˯ڶͯˡ

һҲԼίˣؿ裬һᣬ˵ͷ
ỳһӾͼˣһѽŮǸµĺӣ

Ī𴽣̲סЦ
ôŪӵ

Ա߹ǽĿֱеעӽĿ¼ƿʼǾͲֻˡÿϣǻᷢʮǮãȥﶼԣиġǿԴźȥκ˼䷹Ϊһֻܲһ٣ǵ˼ǣʮǮȥԶһĵطصĵöŶ

ǽ飬ûȥͽĲ˳ˣڼʡġ

ˣǣֱͷһֱǿŵģֱϾŵŻرա

һʮǮȥ䷹һֻܲһ٣סĵطڽɣʵǸߴңĶȥˣûǮ
֮ǰ治ֱ֪ͷ𣿿һ˵ദδ̫Ȼˡܺ庢ȥԼ˯ӣͺƽʱϹҪСǴϺһ
Īıеɬںɷ顣
עע⣬ֱһƭˡ



α½½ˡ

ĪŰڳҳԵġ
Ŀʵ̫ϽˣʲôûУһţ̶Ҳ

Žż⣬տҲı䣬ʱȤȱȱͷʱȻСɡ
˵طɱȥСɣ㻹ʶ𣿡

Сͷʶʶ

СҪȥˣٻæԼǰͽһȥ

һĻݫhƲƲǣܲͲ䡣

ݰõͷ˵ִߵĪǰҪк
ݫhбĪһۣҪ˵Ϳȵˡ

ȽͣɷĹŲܵ

ݫhæС˿һܹȥȽ㣬ݫh֮ǰһϷģ㻹ǵ𣿡
ȵͷҼǵ㡣

ݫhҪ˵ʲôȻѾĪķȥ

ĪǰվǹЦ⣺ϴζûü㽻ϵʽ
ĪεֻĿûˡ
ûϵЦһģȽĿټϵʽҲü

ݫhΪֻֻòضĪ׺ѣû뵽˻
һԵãҲٺ˵ֻܻطʰȥˡ

ȸûиĪɫ˺ϧӡ
ӰӺҪΪ𣿡
ĪһĺϣΪʲôǰӴˡ



ĿÿһαһСŷ⣬ÿŷﶼжʮǮ
Ŀʽʼ

Ҷǳ͹ģѾ磬Ҷˡ
ĪȱҪĵģǽĿ֮ǰѾȷ涨ΣĿαһͱҪԣ൱ڸǴݲȷ

СɺͶٻƽʱͽڼõǮ֮гشӳˡ
һＦһС߲ˣ

ڵˣÿһ滹һɰڲ߳

裬Ҳϲ˵
ټһ¡ٻЦᣬԼеĺɰиԵ㡣

Сͷһ㶼Ҫ˲ġ

ɰˣǲԸ

ⲻҪˣٻȰѾûǮˣҲҪ֣Ҳûа취ѽ

һҪ޳СְѶͯ궪ҲԣԣûǮýȥ׬

ٻϽסӵͣεسαЦһ¡

ýȥ׬ʲô
ǼƽʱôС𣿡
ɰһ˾ͳǡƽ

ʱʮǮݫhݰҲһĪչ

ҪùԱǵзݫhʡ
зأһзҪʮǮˣڳ꣬ǵöˣݰ˵

ݫh̾Ҫ͵һз˷ٳ԰ɡ

ôԣ
һݺзһ˳Զ
˰ɣݫh̫Ҹоֹġ

⣡ݰصͷŶʮǮȥҹԱھȥǰæ㣬ʮǮһݺзٻǮһ׷

ֻݰصûá
סĵط̫ƫԶĻüԶͷѡ

ҪȥԱ˵ҲˣĿ͵ȥʡ˿Ǯͷѡ

ݰڼǵүģĳԹĿ࣬붼ûϴʾܾͷѾͷѣɡ

Ѿ˼ҽʣٵĳԷ⣬ͿĪһҵˡ
˭õķ

ٻǹӵˣһ˴СѾ׽⣬ˡỳǺĪ뻹˴һСսĿĹ涨Ī벻ܿʳʮǮĲһ

ǮԼͳǮ˵׬ġ

Ī룺
Ůʲôʱȥˣ

Ŀ˵ԼǮġỳʧЦŮ˵

СסˣųһССġoΡ
˵ȥ򹤵

ȥ˰ɡỳǶĪ˵ڼչ˺ӡ
ʮǮ𣿡Īʡ

ʵǸ
һ˵ỳһͲǾӼҹӵˣֻҪһ˳ͻɴ׵ĸ
˵̯ϰȱҪ̫ˣƴˣߺŶһ㡢ٶһ㡭

Ҳ֪ỳǿһ׶Ǯһ

Īҡҡͷ

һС

Ӷɵˣͬô֪

е㽾е㺦ߣغɩҵġ
ǮһĪʡ

ġġġ
ԣǵõġỳ˵

Īȥֽʣʼ°˵Ĳ˼ۡ
Ҳƽʱɩʱ߶һ죬ȫǵò˼ۣԴ˼Ȼ˰ְһæ

ڲ輸ë׵ĵ̺ϣһűʣһżӪȣһ˵
߿Ǯ⣬ĿǮףǮ߲ˣ򼸿Ǯ۰ӣϳԡ

ֻǣ㣬Ҳ֪߿ǮǮ߲˸ǶС
÷ٳԣʵ̫ˡ

ûϵְٳԵ㣬Ե㡣ỳ˵

С¶ɵС飬ͷ˵Լĵ绰ֱҳỳǶʱƬһ̵ӣְֻСݺ𣿡

ỳǣ
ĬĬذסС첲ôƵסĻͯĺʷƬվȥˡ

һȥɡĪ˵˵ġ
ãðȥۡỳһصͷ

һ׼ȥˣٳʱỳվסŲ
ͷһãȻȣ𣿡

ҡҡͷ̾ƽʱϹģŹ
Ī۾һǽ٣ҪҪǼҳԣ

СŹԼеĶʮǮǰ̫鷳ˡ

Ī͹ỳͬʱʮǮ
һ㶼鷳



˴ŰȥˣʱŴСġ
ÿ˵ķ࣬ḻٴϹỳǵգܿƮζ

ģһһˣɫζȫǵôҶһĽ

ٻһߺĶӣһĵ׹Լñͨ
һ˾ŶʮǮղôû뵽һأ
ĪˣһСʮǮѣֻó٣̫ˡ

С֣Ҩһ
СӺȵһ㣬һ۾

Ī֮ǰʹӦ㲻ڽĿнʳЩʳ⣬Ժһ˷С׷

ỳǸһ⣺Ե㡣

ǵסʱ䣬ỳûи֪һ׹죬󷹵ʱٿѵģû÷ס
ڣĵĬĬ̾һô󣬻ûء
취ôҪԱ

ݰɳϣʱʱҪԴ̽ǰ˼ҳԷ
ԽԽ㣬̿ˮԼĶӹ๾š

ݫhȦƱҪǰץʱʣƽʱ򳨿ӳԡ
ʱ䣬ûӵϷڼҳԳ΢ģų¼յĻʵģû뵽θڳŵôˣһӾܣڶǰ󱳣˵ġ

ǡݫh˵ǵĺзܿҪˣ

òףڵȵСͺзˡ
źзߵǰ

ŲĪϣ˸λá

ݫh򿪺зĸӡ

ʮǮĺзֻһء
ݰȥĸ룬Ͳ˹ƽطֳķݡ

Ĭˡ
˵ˣ춼

ݰûÿӣֱ˸ףҨһ仨ˡ
׷ģֻ׷Ҳֻһڵķһ̽ȥ˸į

ݫhӣһС׷СطŽС
ҧһڣݲûҵ׷װµӣĪһۡ

Ī뿴ĪˣͻȻԼķ˸ˡ

СhԽԽġãݰ̲ס
ݫhûңôղŲҷһ

ݰرĻҭסˡ
ԣöͯһС׷Ҹһɡ

ݫhһ飬
˵ͽԼһС׷ŻҨһڣġ

ó𣿡ʡ
óԣԼСӣñۡ

ݫhˣվȥϴ롣
ÿһߵú
ߣȻθǼ׷ܿҪˡ



ڽĿĵһ죬ûжӡ
ʮǮ˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣ỳǰͣÿһ̲˶һӪܷḻ

ֻһ磬ȵɷҪĿˣʱһͱòʡ
ϾǼأ죬һ͵óԱ㣬ÿһٶܴպϡ

ĪŰȥͷ
ֻ۵ʱû̫࣬վе̨ǰͷˡ

ûֻ׶ܲ飬Ī벻֪ôͷ

Сɺ飬ȥԼͷ

ٻæ
˵ĪĿڱ׵ˣѷ͹ǵӰ˫ǡܱܿĪۣ޷ӳ
ȻˣֺαظĪӣ

ٻŮ˵ˣһ˶Ҫȥ˯ˡ

һ˵һٻʵǲ
һĿģæôˣ
ĪֲСͷȫˣֻǽ̽ôѣⶼԸ˵
ҿ˫ǡĻٻɲʱԼŮȥĪǰʺãЦøһͽúܣ
ȻĪеʧͻȻúôЩݸ߲ȵ͵˵

ٻСɻطˡ

ĪͰһĪչ
С緹أҪû취ɣͲ֪ʲôˡ

ĸŮ֪ôʱỳǴ¥

Ѿʮһ³ˣת
ỳǸϴ裬ͷʪģë˲ͷһ߹ѹûڷǣԭ

ְ֣ǲͷС𣿡
˵ôͷˣỳʡ

Ī룺أ

ỳǣ
ȷʵûС

ɫëµԡ
𣿡Ī뾪ȵ
Ҹߦ档˵

ְۣϲ

СӾŽţվڰְֱϿۡ
ԾԾԣðְϴߦһԼһСš

˷ѵģ

ỳЦˣһš
Ůʼ棬ǺĴƵģȻ졣

ְ֣Ļͷ𣿡ʡ
ӦûᡣỳǴۣЦŶ԰˵ȻʱȻоһֻֽԼڼϵëߡ

ĪŽż⣬ְ˲ͷ
ỳһ㶣漴Ц⡣

ëְŵģȲ˾ߡĪ˵
ỳ۵׵ЦˣСյ˵һ仰

˵ʲôĪü
СӾһְֵĻظְ˵ðУְ˵Ŷ

ỳתͷ¶ƤćNɪЦݡ

Ī룺
۾Žż⣬ֻëԴסɡ
һٲּֿңֱĹǶɵˡ

գգ۾Ҳɵˡ
ѽǱħһѰ̶̵ְֶġСһͷˣ

𣿡ʡ

ܣᣬˡ
ݵΪʲôڴΣ
⣬ֿĵˡ

ˣαѾԼķϢ
ůɫĵƹ⻹ţһæµ

Ҳ֪˶ãỳǽһͷŽ䡣
ĪСȥϴ裬ȵѺӱضͯϣŻʵô

ỳһЦûãеӲ

ЦæСʱ
ҿж಻ã
һ£ôطˣֱ𣿡



㰲һҵֱǸܾ࣬ԱҲģȶȴֲ

ˣԼĶͯϣ۾ְ֣ȥ𣿡
ģⴲлܰȫỳվĴߣһ¡

С˸ؽ硣

ҿǼҵļ״
Ϸֵ÷ִ˯˰ɡ

ỳǰﰲҴñӣ˯еС˵һ
תʱĪһۡ

ĪѾڱϢˣһͷɢͷ־˿ڵüۡ

ỳͻȻеš
ͬ˯ˣӦò˰ɣ

ȥԼë£һۡ
һ飬úͱͬȻĪӡ

־俴Լ߱ץǽһ¡

𣿡
ˡ

ֱȶԽԽߡ
Ȼֻʣӣɴһ᲻뿪

һ¡Ī˵

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㰡Ҫʲô
Ӱķ˿þûΪ˵ˣڻȥˡ㣬ҿǰɡ
˾װɣһ¾Ͳˣ
ӰùܵʲôųϾҪŵˣ

֮󣬹ǵõ˴𰸡

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ỳһӲǹǵͷҧһڡ

ûãһҧȥӲõһ
Īһ߶ӣͷ

ỳæ̽̽Դķȥ
ð˯ˣƽʱӣڴϳԶ

õð

ŵӣֱ׼ʱرա

һû갡
ͷ֮أϷ޻ֲִ
ڴһĽĿ
ȵϹҪˣʱ򰲰һҾֻöʮǮһ죬սԡ

ϣĪ΢ʼǷۡ

cpۿ˺»ָˡ
ôһСֵʵ˿ΪνĸӣӦֻҥԶѡ




48.  48   ʲôӣ

ỳڳɤӵͷ
ͷϵˮ, һڣ֮Ż

ĪͷȷָʾѾϨ, ̵ػصϡ
ƿ֮, ıȥһ룬ֻʣһ˫峺۾

Ƭ, оỳҲ˱ѡ
̧Ϩ𷿼ĵƣǶ԰˵һ᣺

Ī˵

תӣϸĺ󱳳
ỳ֪һʱϰߣûд, Ҳתȥ, ˱Աš

ҹĵġ
Ծ, Īһǰʱ龰

һ죬кܶˡ
ô֮, Ψ׽˴˵Ӱͺʹǰÿһһ

Īؼǵ, Ҫһ, жϲ
ô侲ǵһ, ȴǵǷֿж, δܲĥϺ, ڶһŻڱվ¥µȴ

һ䣬ۿ۵׵ĹâΪȼҲΪ
ͻȻ֮䣬еǸ

ĪתڹỳǿıϣĴӱȦס

ּܵᶨʱ, ΢΢һ
漴

Բ𡣡

Īս
˵˯

ԥţ㽫Լջ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֱס

Ƶģ֪ԲԺͶҺһ㡣
Īһ

һͲ˵
ܹ֮صֻ
ϵİҲҪҡ

Ī̲סЦˡ
ô߸ߴһˣȴСǳһ㣬ЩС¡

ͷá

УҲͷôֲһ䡣
𣿡Ī

ᱻŮЦỳ˵
ղڳʱĪëʹɵͷʱðԼָ˵ģû뵽ԼͰ͵ĿһСӶӣͿ˷ܵС顣
ƣǻҲ붯һԡ

úúáĪЦţøһЩ

£оתԼȦ뻳С
ϮĪůĻо˯š

ỳһ㶼¡
ø绰



ڶһ磬ϴּŸԼϴ˰ˬ

ȥϰ࣬󲻽˿ø첲һѣҪٵˣ㻹ץʱ䣿
ֺǺһЦϳɽϻӳƴ

бһۣղϰ绰ˣûӡ
һ飺ô˵

˵ܣ

ʱѾҶˡ

ֹţǲΪϵ̫࣬ϰˣҪ²
ԭز绰ķһĵɡ

밡ЩڷһֱӰ˵ǲǸ˸Сӱˡǣôû˿ǹǲǽУѵǹܲǮ𣿡˵

Ȼǣ˵Ϊ̫̫걻ĵ˽ҽԺƬѲ²ƬѾ߰˸ˣ͹֮ûӣԲû¶ͷϡ

ǰǺأ

ӡǻĻ˸תȫ̻ȥˡ

˵ʱӼʱû˵µñܣھҪţǶû壬ܰϰļ˵ȥ

Ҳ֪˵ţı飬Ҫ̽һЩϡ

̾һӲǱŲ˵

˺þã֪ΪѣԹϣߴٵص绰

ֻһᡣ
ģ᲻ᱻѵһ٣

ȥҲǰ취ϵҪˡ
һᣬỳǻ˸绰

Ҹղš

û˵꣬ͱỳǴˡ
ֻı飬𽥷ɡ

ȵҶϵ绰ɵʣʲôˣ
ûңͦţץʱ䣬СݰѶͯװ޺ã

ԷԼϰ˽⣬²̫̫ĸ˷ԾĽչԲŻСݸϻԼȥ

ֻٺõĶ̺ͯͿϣװ֮󶼲ʱȥ
ȩTVOCЩûʱúͨ磬ƹõȺһء



Ͼŵ㣬ֱ׼ʱ
ڴ֮ǰĪƻ˸绰Īٵ

ƻɣ˵Ī춼û֣һҧԼŮտϵӰѧԺ֮⣬û쳣

Īһ£տϵӰѧԺǻΪǰ;޿ȷʵſġ

𣿴ҳ緹ûУ
˳ˣСһӣ͵ű߳Ա߿αǶء
ȵϹʲôʱڴ֪ӺϵǲǺ

ڴ۷׷ʱȽ˸绰ȥɷ
һ򣬷һˡ

Űɫĳϼ۾ͷе㳤ʣʱ
ڼǰȲμʢʱ򣬺Ǹ˵ݣɾһܣΧ˵ݽõĹע
ƽʱܵĲɷò࣬Ҳ̸̫Լĸ龭˿Ƕ֪ѻ飬ûɷͬ˺ܶ˶ֱ䣬뿴һĻ

ҺãǺǸˡҽܡ
ĿαæŽ緹⣬򵥴һкΨСɵ輤ǰ

ݣҿĵӰһλǳвŻĵݡٻ˵
Цŵл

ٻֽԼŮͶ򺫵ʺá
СݹܶϷƽʱҲǺʹݺ󷽵غһݺá

ҵŮСɣݹöϷ֮ǰڵӾ硶˫ְޡ͡ǳȱжкܳʵı֡ٻϲˣҲݹӰһǺʤݵĵӰ˫ǡŮǵͯʱڣݶ޲ڡ

òСɵǰһ
Ϸ𣿡ʡ
СɻûüڣͱٻһȻˣСɺϲϷ֮ǰиݿЦ˵СϷա

ۡһ£ݫhЦ
ݰŶʮǮǰ˻ΣЦˣϽ緹ʲôɡ

ٻûݫhĳЦְѶǰҶӶСһϷܸȤǰʱڵ㣬ҡͷԵѧŽ̨ʣȤġ

ǰݰͰ͵ҶˣҲҪ

ҵ廰Ļᣬ䵭˵ˣȸɡ

ٻЦشӦУԺлᣬʱúӸһ̨ʡ
˵꣬СɺͶس

ûСߣСǣס֣Сɣȥ¥ϴľɣ̸͵ĻľܺģҰְָһ
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ϣӿ쳤ԺԼϷԼɣˡ

ʵڿۣ²˼䣬ҲûзǳΪȻһʼٻŽǵ͵ŮŮãһĹ۲죬ҿóСڼҲû̫ί
ٻСȥǮҲû÷ŹԼĶӣҪǽȥСͯǣôʳˡ
ںܶСͯǵĸĸҶ֪Ǯ죬һźȥСͯǻСģأܴС𵽴м
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һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ͱôãȴһ𣬽͵͵һʳϽĿ顣
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ţҪͷ
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ݰؿܵö𣿡

ݫhҡͷ㲻ͷ𣿡

롣ʶ֮䣬ݰỳǺĪ롣

ڳͷ

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ỳǺĪһݺҧһмӲޱȵͷ

ó𣿡ỳʡ
óԡĪóʳݼǽͷԵеֿɿڡ

ݫh̿ˮͷתȥ
ƽһ㣬һȥ򡣡ݫh˵
ݰ̾߰ɡ

ȥͷ
ỳǺĪԼĸͷԸһ٣¥㰲档

Сֱʼ֮ǰͳԹ緹ˡ
ְָһС࣬һЩʣµ⣬˸ڼԵûҪ㡣
ʱԵñģʼСɴľ

ְ֣Ҳᡣӣ̧ͷỳ

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ỳǱߴ߶ԺǽͳתԭȻأӾȻѾ˰İűޣעȫתơ

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ỳǣ

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԰Ϊ׵ĹҼСڰݰְϷС뵱裬ְֻ֣ܵǵСɱ

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СɾǱ´󡣡

šСüͷڲôϸˣͷ
Сɿʼι

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ҵļͥΧһܺðɣݵǰְְ֣ʲôֻҪЪžС

ֱĹǽ˰ֱͳȥˡ
һСҼңһֿỳǺĪ¾õߣҲ֪˶ãͻȻ˵ľˡ

ỳƻľСɣǿ

СӱСˣľȻѾ깤ǵĴ޷ŵһߡ
ֱĹǶҪЦᡣ

ỳվԼȣĪ֣

ʲô߰ȻСʱĪСԹ
͵𣿡ỳʡ
ͷϿģµֱ֮ӼĵǼң˵֮Ҹĸա

ỳǣȽкӣҸϺͼƴͼ

ӳ׽¡
ȰҪȻƴϺͼûʮƴġ



һʮǮľѣý죬ֱǲܵ
磬ỳǺͺһˡ

˳һ㶼ó˵ˣһʼ̯ϰǶðġ
ֻأǷ֣ٿѡ

һŻˣһ룬ٷֳ룬һ˸һװá
һ㣬ÿѯܲпСƬ֮󱻾ܾǾ֮һԡ
ţⱾûǮҪгĩ˵ǳζС

̯ϰͫ׵ٿӰӰʦ˼
ʲôĿ

ܹỳǺͺʡԼãһǮҪķݻϾڵ۾ôߣ˸ԴŶʮǮţȥʱѾڴտա
֮ȺĪæĸһ

ٷɳԵú㡣

ٻʵֲӣ߹ε˵ݣܸܲһף

ȶû˵
ĿһʮǮ͵þϸ㣬ڻף
ûô

ٻֿĪ롣

Ī뱾ͲǶµˣ˵ٻԼǶʮǮûأӸӣȻѴ׷ֳȥ
϶ǻЩ׳š

ٻûȤӳʱһѿ
ȥס˵ﻹǵһˣһ˴̫ˡ
СգգۣǾ͸ְִ绰һ

ٻԶԡ
˶ԲҪѺӰָ
ֺ͹ܡݶһҪǽöźһү

ٻСɺͶڼȣԼ·ȥˡ
ֻû߼ݰغݫh

ֱʱҲŷӦ˵ҪȥͷôСʱŻ

û°ɣʡ

ݰ¶޿ı顣
ݫhһ䣬˵ǰǮŪˡ

ղ͵ߣòײߵһڴȻǿյġ
ʮǮ˵Ѿ֡ͻˣϽͷȥҡ
Ļҵõ

ؼҵ·ϣԹ˵Ҫ˳Ŀ
Ȼ˳ǲ˳ġ
ȻԣҲ;ܱʮǮȥ·

ܲҪʮǮݰʹԱ

Ա˵ҿûע⣬ʵ֮ǰںͬѾдˣһʮǮӲԹ涨ҪöʮǮĿ¼ƹУֻһλѡС

ô˵ݰ۾һҪ룡

ٻҲȥ˳ˣ̯֣ҲҪʮ
ȻǽĿЭᣬðײãöʮٸԡ

ȷʡǮԢ¼ƽ֮ҲǰһĿĵ֮ǰûʹùļαԵõĽԱ˵

ٻݰغݫhûԥ

ȷʮǮ

Աŷ⡣
ݰغݫhٴγͷһĸһ緹зһˡ

ȵǶˣСʣְ֣ʲô
֪ỳ˵Ҫ𣿡

Сٵͷ

ỳ̯̯֣ѾѽǮˣϿܻӡ
СԴܿն˵ְֻ뵽취ģ

ỳǣ
ŮôҲ˵Լû취



ỳǻ뵽˰취

С˯ʱỳǿڴˢȺݡ
ˢһ룬ͻȻһԱĶƵ
ԱֻˣȷӦʱѾû취أһ˺üʾ˼

ỳ£㿪һ۾ˡ

ƵһСӡСʣԼݺеĹߣȥվſڰ˲ݡ
æѵģֽӵ£һȥƷվһвǮ

ĿֹαԼͷеԴ֣ݿɲͷϵԴ
ỳǺĪһϼƣҳҪš

ú˯֮ǰ㡣ỳ˵

˯еİԺְֵĻ
۾һԴͷҲҪȥ

׼ųŵĹỳǽŲһ
ôľܾһôϽĴ̣

ĪѰϴ˰
ʱͻȻе顣
ôǸŮƴµģ

Īһ˴ڷתƸͣ
ŮڼңȻġ

֪ʲô
Сֻ֪Ҫȥˡ
ңδ򹤺үү̼ҵС޲һģ

ÿ쿴żαڱǻģĿҲ취һЩˣỳҪȥվʱǶ˵ѸŮ͹ȥˡ

Ҫȥ
һСſڵĿվͣˣ
Сվ֪֮ǰΪϰ̬ȲñعܺͰӰɡ

ǲ´ˡ
ỳǲûӡ
վﵱҵϰϰ岻ͷغǳȥϰһĸ˵ʲô

Ӻ󣬹ỳóԼСʣð¡
֮ϰһ֧ʣA4ֽдϡѲݡ

ʱһһȥ
ỳվţţ΢ġ

ãҲûһˣеɥˡ
ỳ׼㿴ǮǺģԺǵýԼһ㡣

ʱһŮվ
ȿ˿ŵA4ֽȤȱȱߣһɨֿӵС

ǰ𣿡Ůϲ
˵ѽ
Էˣóֻա

ỳԻؿһԼŮ
ÿγţŮᱻϳô죿

ҪտкüŮڹỳǰ

ˣỳĵԻزݡ
Ů˵ڶСķӣкüѡ͸Ǵ绰ҪҪÿݡ

Ȼ⣡
һӶôˣСסʲ
ܣ㿴Ǯࡣѽ
ȻĴѼûõķƷóˣ԰氮ЩüǮء

Ĵ轫ƷõСƳ͵ỳǺͰĲСվ㡣

˵ӣҿġʵϰĸĿÿҶӺͶϱһôԵĺúӣЩƷ㣬ȥˣϼӲˣ

֪ڿԼ¶Цݣ˵һлл
ԽСѾͷԽϲ¥һն죺ⱾǼҵȥ԰ɣ

Ƥִ࣬øŮ̲סʿˮ
ỳתͷӰʦ𣿡

ӰʦҡҡͷŶⲻϹء

ùأõһۣתͷֵĴ˵ǰѼľɱֽóٳɶ࣬úӺȥüǮ



ӳ鷿һ֧Ƹͣ
ŵĻֱݡ

ֻոöѣҲ˼
УĪѾˣΪʲôֱһҵȴԽԽ٣

ӳüʼǱԺϣߵ߷

߷ֽ
ϴΰ͸ָֽСһǳϲ˺ôʱ䣬ֽûճˡæֽá
ֻøŮ취

磬һ¹ϵһҲȥϡһֻʮԪաӳ˵

̧ͷʱһ㶣Ϊʲô

ӳ˵Ŀʺǡǰһ˴źӲףһֻʮǮҲǳе°ɣ
˵ֲֹżҲתѡ

ӳ΢΢üò֮ͣûٹӣǰأʱҾãôӵ𣿡

˺ֽСֶ˶٣ؿ裬СҪܡ

һ
ʵǸûҵĵˣΪ֮ǰεԼԭŮ֧֮һӣЦΣصԼţ
ڵ磬ȥμκνĿֻ̤̤ʵʵСӡ

ӳվǰ˽á
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻˡ

ֻúֺܴܰԷ˵ʲô

СĿˡ߸һ£ʺһϵĽĿٸ㰲š

ӳɫһ䣺Ϊʲôϴβ˵ˣ

ԷĬã˵ʵҾͲˣ֣ȥĿӦһˡ

΢΢죬ͬʱҲһ
ȥĿﵱСˡ

ӳޱعҶϵ绰顱һ˦߷š
׶ѾԽԽˣɳ˽̽鵽ҵ˽ѧУ졣
Ǹң֣ȥ˽ӳԷǴЦ

μӽĿһݾôΪֻһ̳˵Ľݾ
ǣĿ

ỳǲǷҪȥ

ӳ䡣
þһֶΣҪҵĪǸߵĺӡ



磬ݫhãǹƵġ
ΪͷʣµʮǮ׼з֮ǰݰͻȻɳҵԼ϶ʧǶʮ顣

ζţӵʮǮԵݺзˣ

ݫhùԱԼúзڷϡ
ٻҲѾý͡

Ⱥͺûȥˣʣµķȣϴպٳһ١

һڷǰ׼ˡ
ݫhϹỳǺĪ뵱Լͷĳٳԣݺзɫζȫʱǣ

ֻݫhãСڵӰ
װʣأ

˵ܴźӳˣĪȥڼҽ趫

ݫhü
ϻסǽĿ涨ܽǮʳ
ȥʲô

ʱĪѾˡ
վ롰ʡǮԢԶһСƽ⣬Щ

ڼ֮ǰỳйԱϵСݣ˵ԼѾǮϴǳȥԷ
Īûֻ֪ôշƷģ²ⲻ̫ɡ
ҲΪʲô

ֻǣ̧ҪţЩ
ϵĺ϶޹ʹ˻ôأ
֮˻Լ䳰ȷ

ĪŴͷ˸䶼Щ졣
ĵӰʦڱվʱ̡

ӰѵǸ֣
ȥʲôѿڡ
Ҳ֪ЩǼ٣һ˵һЩ˽¶ѡΪȷʵᱻۣЩѾ˰ɡ
վĽǶȣʵ֪ȥô˼ҵš

Īٴһš
ȥˡ

Ŵˡ
һ˯µСվһãȻؿ
ȵع֮С顱һŹϡ

Īסˣ
һֱ·Եܺã֮ǰŰȥֳ棬Ҳջ⡣
һΡ

Ӻ󣬡롱һ죬ԷְѷŴ򿪡
ʱСѾϵĺڿ۾ժ£һͷҵͷһɰͷ

㡢Ī𣿡Էе㺦ߵʡ

ĪúþãСǸҪǽ衪
ԿԣܽʲôԣС鼤˵Ī룬ҴһʼͿĵӰˣǸʱڵӰϣһŮ˵ϲϷҪΪһԱ˵Ȱãȥ׷롣㻹ǵ𣿡

ĪòײŻع񣺡𣿡

СͷңҰˣ˴ѧǺܺõĴѧ
£СҿԱ𣿡

Īûԥǰһһӵ

С߻صĪ룬ҪЩõķ˿Զ֧ģΪ֪㲻ˡ

ӵܽҲǳůĪһ᣺лл

С¶õЦղҪʲô
Ī˵һӳȥ档

С֣û⣡



ỳǴһǮŰС
һʼСſտ䣬أʶСӵĸ尢̺ʹүǶˣһѷƷ¥͸ǡ
󣬸ŮշƷġ

һѵķƷģỳվһƳͰһȥƷվ
һ·ϣӺúһΣְҵֹӦνԼǮʳðһһ㶵ģһرʾԺһ׷˷ѡ

ӷƷվỳǵжʮ߿Ǯ

ǵһ׶һˣӦû񡣡ỳలգ֪ʲô𣿡
ǵһ׶һ졣

ֵһϯһϯʱ򡭡

ỳǿһյӶߣСǣǰա
ۣ۾
ϴΰְ˵ʮһգСָͷӣţ͸ˡ

˵ʲôҲ֪
ʲôӣ

ỳǴӦҪա
Ȼͷ׾ݣһʱ֪ôСףǺϵһιգһġ

ʱԶԶأĪӰ

ʱݫhѾС߳
Īʲôȥˡ
зˣܳôãСǰNɪһ

Сh㿴ǱߡݰغȻ

ݫhǰһɫСƿ
ƿϣỳǰ濪Ī棬Ǽм䡣

ۣ¹ȥ˷ܵСصš

ಡһһСë¿Զȥ

¹ӣ
Ҳ¹ӣ
ݫhˣֱԱԴ˸ЧǾֹ档

Сë¿ʻԶˡ
ϽĿĳٶȿţӰʦڸʻλϴ򿪳ġ

Сë¿ϵһڣã˶衣

ỳ˵ǰȥԶٺõġ

ǣ
ǳԵûĿԵõľǼˣ




49.  49   ˣ

ʮһ³, ҲȣСӱм䣬ԴϴŸȫͷ, СֽӺ汧Űְ֡

Īͷ΢紵Ե, ûַŷ˿Ʈǰ
Сë¿ò, ⽼ԼӵȻһڣǲԾ

ʱỳǵҲó졣
˫Сë¿֣ٶ, ΢ӭ, ĸڶϡ
ʱ, ֮ǰһڹСڵ, ܹʱ䣬Űһеÿһÿһ롣ֻǺĪľȥСſֽ, ζġ
ʮ߿Ǯ, ԭǲʲô, ɽ, ȴǮ, еҪЩǮӺŮȥһٺõġ

裬ҺͰְȥˣͷܴ󣬿Сȴ
ú𣿡ĪСӵĶߡ

棡ְվϰһôôƳǰö棬ȥƷվһ
᲻۰Īʡ

СӲ, Сģе㲻˼

һ㶼ۣΪղһƳϡ
Ȼ֪Ӱ͹ܷ־ĹϱȽմҪǿһһ̲סġ
ֻһ˾Сë¿ܺЦ𣿸ղĪǸŮӽ賵ɴ˵ûϵӼƳһƿ

ڵĻĹ۵ʱӰʦͷһϡ
ӰʦĽǶȿһϾдԶСë¿ӣ涼ܺÿ

ա˵MVΪˡ
Ӱʦĵ𾢣һ̶ͣ
ỳǿҲ𾢣ۿСë¿˽һ۵
㹻

һڶ̵ģĸŮͻȻЩڴ֪ỳǻȥһٺõġ
Ȼʱһ

ǰĵƿ뿿ͣ¡
ͣ¡

һѹ֪ʲôһȻı顣
ֱͻȻһλƷĽһڡ

һλϽ۽ǺüĶе·΢΢ס
뾯Щ꣬ҵҵ㡾ְأڼݣҲҪվһڡ

һϽɫĿ档

ְ֣ͣ¡Сѡ

ỳǣ

˵ľ㣬ϽͣϽ

ỳɵˣɲ
һһСë¿

壺ˡ
Ҹղž˵ˣƿ˺Σյġ
£Ҫˡ

ô£֪ƿسʮԱϽ

ỳǺĪӣĿɿڴ

СӣҲڵƿװͯΣһм䣬֪жΣ𣿡Ͻ

ỳǺĪ볹ˡ
治֪ƿˡ
ƽʱӳģǳӳͣûпղŹỳǵһοƿͺг࣬гҪһ֣һڵس۳·ϣȫûпǹͨ档

Բ𣬾ͬ־ǵһΡỳǽ͡
һΣϽһ۾ÿһҴģ˵ԼǵһΣ

Īæ͵ԲǵһΡ´Ҳ
´ΣϽٴεۡ
û´ˣĪϽҡͷ

ϴ̬ãϽɫЩ˵г綯ڳе·ϲʮϵԱһһңһһߡѾʼʵʩͷûС

ͷۣСؿڣָָԼԴϵķɫͷ

Ͻ߽ƺӵͷǳͷСĴסҪ£𲻵ãôˣҲģģô㰲ȫʶ

ỳǺĪվðʵѵ
治֪ƿ·ط棬ʱֻ֪Ҫͷ˿ֻһͷӾðˡ
ڻع񣬲һ£ôܴźôΣյأ

ʶϿңͬرʾٷ
Ͻŵͷ綯˷ʮԪûдͷҲǶʮԪһʮ

ỳǣ
ʶסԼĿڴ
ʲôԣֻнʣǮ˭ߣ

ͬ־ûǮỳһΪѵؿϽ
ĪҲϽ˵ͬ־ûǮ

ֻأʡ

ֻҲûСỳѹѹԼĿڴ
״ĪҲæ̯֣ûпڴҲûаûֻ

Ͻšü
ӿǽˣôʮǮûУ

ΧŵԽԽˡ
ỳǺĪεصͷ޲Ҹطȥ

ְ¶Ϊѵı飬Сżˡ
ø취ѽ

һС԰ְ˵ְ֣ǼõǮأ

ỳǸϽקקӵС첲
ôĺĺ

СϽ׽ˡ
ˣźȥã

ԽԽƣһ˿֮ġ
ҪⷣȻһ

ɾϽҡʱϴ
Ī𣿡
ǰǰһڣĽĿɣ
ҿǵֱĿû뵽ǼҾȻͬ־ˡ

вٳˣҷ׷֣ͣһӾͰѵ·Χˮйͨ

ϽעȦҲʶһҡ
˵ſʼ۲Ķ
ԶԶأվڽӰʦ

۾ϽĿ뽻ĿȥöԹɶ಻õʾ

˵ϣӵľ𽥸ˡ
ỳǻԼڴƿ
Ī֣ڴóеǮ

Ͻʮ߿Ǯʮ˵ǳˣΪӦǿҵģܸӻǰĹڴõӰ졣ξˣ´ξԲٷ

ỳǺĪ뼸ҪԴؿڡ

Ͻֶ԰˵С֪𣿡
Сͷ絷⣬壬֪ˣ

Ͻ˵һšֿԭصӺСһؼң

ỳǣû˼
ĪҲԼе߿ǮҪȥģ

ϽͷУҲҪã㶪·ߡ

֪͸Ĺ
ǣԺǧҪﳵˣᱻģ
ȻһɵӺܺЦֻһΣǴҶҪԴŶ



æһ磬һصǰ
뵽Լʮ߿Ǯֻʣ߿飬ỳǺĪĳӶҪˡ

ѹˣʮ߿Ǯȥ¹ҲԲʲôõġĪ˵
ỳĵ֪˻ؼˣNɪʲôء

˵Nɪͬʱ뵽ݫhݰسŶ˶ʮǮһĻ
һʱ֮䣬˶Ĭˡ

ȣԵֹۺܶࡣ

ְ֣ǳԷȥɣСЦ䣬Ҷ

ỳŻ
ӶˣҲˣֻǴ߿Ǯܳʲô

ǽĿʮǮӰʦѡ
һʧǲǾûн

ỳܾĿ˼Ҫ

ֱĹǲΪһ˾ġ
ʲôʱˣŽôӰɣ

а취Ī˵Ŀ鲻˵Բ䷹𣿡

һϼƣģܲ䷹ĵطĪסԺ
ΪȥԺʳòһ٣Ӧû⡣

Ŀϸع򣬲ܰգգ͵Ĵ۾͸¶Ŷ޹Ϊ
ĪбһۣСӵ֣߹ȥ

Ժڵλòһ·ֻ̣ǹỳǻŵƿһ·ͱüѲ١
ƻ֮£ŰְԺߡ

綯ᣬȴʡỳûбԹһ˵˵ЦЦ·̣ΪǵĻЦԵòô

ͻȻоͦܰġ
ְǺõʦܺĪûвͷҲֽĿ鲻飬ô취Ҿó֮İӦҲһů˰ɡ
ֻһֹΪʲôﵽԺɺܶడ
ۣѵһҧʮ¾

һڵԺſʱĿĳҲѾˡ
һǣӰʦͬԱ³׼øġ

үк
һ򣬻ƻˡ

ƻһڴԺۿŽĿҲҪţУû룬Խ

ϴμ߻Ժ幤ִˣԺԺǳǾԽֹκʽϵý㡣
Ŀ鱻棬һ㶡
õһ˳Ժ÷

ħħ
˵ĿˣǲˡܺĪûƿĽ棬ѵĿô˶֪һ£Ͳð״һ繤ˡ
£ΪʲôʼĿˣѵǶƭǵ𣿡

һԺ䷹ȥˣֱ䰲һСֹȥαôȹһͣʣһ󲿷ֵĹڣڵȴ
ֻǳһٷѣӦúܿͳˡ

ͬʱỳǺĪ뱻Ƭεѡ
û֮ǰڷǾѾʼЦĪǷֱӱɷƿˣ

ȻһȥڷǶסˡ

Ǳǽ΢
ƵƬǽȡԡһֻʮԪֱĿƬУỳǺĪƿʱΥͨ£ѵõͷһԣҪסԼշƷǮˣǻˣǮҳϿҵرʾҲΥ档

кڷ䳰ȷģٷȴûͬ򣬶Ƕ֪͸ĵıֵָĿ϶Ȥ˵ٷ˺ŲǼǿ񻶵԰ϣ˵Ҫעִ硣

ڷǲ磬ԽԽࡣ
ҽƵ˺ü顣
ƵһڶʵʵӣӰ͹ܣͷѵģֱȰҪɡ
ǿʼ湣ӵͼƬ֣ɡСı



һߣ׶԰ҳᡣ

׶԰ÿѧڶҪһμҳᣬһμҳݣҽܽһѧڵĽѧš

ʦʵûмҳԸңϸ԰뿪׶԰֮ǰǶЩʲôأ

ҳǶû˵һԴСʱڽϿʱʦߡ

ʦЦҳǵıֿûкôŶƽʱʱǵıǶǾӻԾԵġ
û֣Ҿ͵ŶһȦǰһ羫µļҳ裬˵˵ɡ

ϵվӹʦĻͲ

֪ÿϡε԰ȻԷ硭

ҳǶЦſ
ĿҲϡ

һͷɫĲ˾Ϳź촽۾رζ
ֻ˵С£Եò̫ˣ֧֧죬һѿ

²ƽʱСվΧʦ˵ɡ

ʦһЦá

˵˵ÿһ԰Ҫϴ֣ҽʦ£ָ׻᲻̫֮󣬻ȳ㣬ǶǳԹ緹ȥ׶԰ģѧУ׼ˮˮȥٳ֮ٻؽңμٳ緹һһѩƬ˯

ݽ֮㡣ģʱƬţ̻߶ٴߵ⡢֮ġ֮ٻһСʱʦͻŶӣſڵȼҳӡ

ѧ֮ǰʦһСҪ󡣡ʦ˵
úǰˮˮȹٻؼҡЦ

ʱҳҲʼԣƽʱؼ֮˵Ļ
ɨڿԼͷ΢΢һЦ

˵㲻ҳ
ֻֻӳѾ绰
赸Σٳ֮ǰûӳѡҪȥμӼҳᣬǴϿΣѡ˺ߡ

ز绰ߣղſҳᣬԸֻˡ

Һ׶԰ſˡӳ˵

ãϳ첽ߡ
ֻߵһ룬ղŵļ躰סˡ

ղлл㡣

ЦЦҪ
ƽʱ̫С£ҲôչԼϵʽԺ𣿡۳Ц˵̫ġ

ϵʽ
˸һ̤׶԰ѾС

籧

ŮɰЦŶ˵ʶ𣿡
ϸ룬˵ͷ

ʱӳҲѾǰһֱ֡

𣿡

һ¡
Ѿˣͻӳûн顣
ԭеķչ˺֮Ȼ򣬿ʼ׷޻᳡顣
ڣ켣ԭеķչȻͬҲȷ

ʱӳ衣
˶Ƭ̡

֣ûҽأҽ֣ѡ
ӳЦһ£Ũ£ãҽлӳ

֣Լĳ촽𣺡ҾȲˣġ

£֣ת뿪
Ÿ߸Ьȹӹճǰ͹̵Σߵһɫߵܳǰ򿪳ȥ
ܳʻԶ

ӳջߣ˵ؼҰɡ



Ժʳ÷ӪḻҲȽ嵭ԵñģһԼĶӡ
ȳ֮Űְ¥ȥ̽Ī١

šĪ˵š

һȻ
֪ţںöǰ˺ööƬ

ƻڱ˵Ī㣬㣬һܸˡ

ĪŰվĪٵ׷⡣

Щӣỳǵεġ
Լĳֻ̼Ī٣ȴ

ˡ

Īٳš
һĪ룬۾һüôûѧУͻȻܳʦ᲻᲻ñҵ֤

Īߣ裬ϡ

Īתͷһ´⣬˵ϰ
ѧĿγ̰űȽɣϰĪ˵ң裬Ҷʮˡ

Сһã

ĪˣĪ˵Լעһ㣬ȻѾԱˣѧϲҵǻᱻ˵л
˶٣ֲôͶʮˣ

ĪӣĪٽĲ顣

ʵƽʱƻҲ˵ȺĬ֢
Īپõʱܻһƻŵմ񲻺õʱ

ɵбĪһۣųմˡ

£ע⵽Сӡ
šüϸϸһ̧ͷĪ룺⺢ôСʱ򳤵ô񣿡

ĪЦá
ԴȺĬ֢ˣ͵úţ˵ʵ
⼸䣬Īٵ״ԽԽӦúΪѲ˸ϵ

Ī벻ϣ̫

ҵŮĪ˵ţһˡ

ĪѹĪ˵Ļ
ʲôŮʲôţ
תһ룬ˣ⺢ڵӰĪŮ

ԱڵӰҪݵȷʵͦģŶ󣬾ȻҪˡ

ҲСԱĪʰһģ
С룬ȷʵݹӰͷۡ

ĪٶڳԼŮ֮˶ȤԽС㣬ԽȤ
Բģ̫ˡ

˵ǲǶܻݣ

գգۣ⻭ʶ̾˵Ļ

ҳ׸ɡĪ˵
СԴţһװɡ

ĪһҿûôŮ

ĬĬؾС͡
Īټüһӣ𣿡

ллš

ĪٿŰС֡
ӵСֺģ֪ô˺ǹװֽ

óԣǹζ۾Цġ

ĪҲһǣԼһĪ룺𣿡

ĪҪӹ

ĪҡͷУ㵱Աģܳǣˡһһ㶼¡

ջǹæеǹС

԰ɡС˵
Īٲõܳԣ

СӰСܳԣղŻ˵СأСܳǣ

Īٱһҭࡣ
ղô˵ˣ

ڰ̻£Īǡ
ǹζڻʱһĪ٣Ŀתصϡ

ĪദǢһ졣
ǰ֪ԼĸǰҪӱܣҲûҪǨݡ

ΪĪٵƫִܹίҲ˴ֹĪ٣ܲܵ룬һΣĸŮƽ֣ҲǿԺͽġ

ǣ˭˵ԱܳǵġĪڰС档



ؼʱĪͰ߿Ǯȥ
һ׶µСѲøƱ߿Ǯ꣬ʣµĻΪķá

ϣŴߣһ⣬һת軳

СϲģСֶÿ̴
ĪĹϵ紫ôɣҪȻ극ͳˣĻôá
ĿѾʼˣ֪ʲôţǵĽѾڴܾˣ
أ˵ʣµǮôûһ

ʱĹỳǣվСë¿ǰһĪչ
Сë¿㹻ĵ磬һ˿ȥҲΪر£Ҫǡ
ͷ̫ˡ

ѳǣĪ˵⳵Ƿ˿ģûȥ
֮󣬹ỳסͷٻԼͷϡ

֮ȷӰʦѾ֧֮󣬲ȣϳ
ҹؽĵ·ûʲôˣ𽥷°һ

ȻʱһСγСë¿ϡ

㿴Ǹǹܡڸʻϣ͸ߡ
ܣ㿴ĶƵģôǹƲһͬ

ģקקĸ첲Ҫ򿪴ҿ

ֲֻðѳøһЩֱӽỳǵСë¿ʱ򿪳ɫСë¿ͷɫͷֲǷ衪

û˵꣬ǽסˡ
ΪƵҫ£ɫСë¿ϵת

͹ỳǶӣͬʱĬ롣

һ̣ỳǸԼСë¿١
Ҳͷȥ

óֻһҵѽѵǹܣұΪǾٲͨ棬ûѡ

Ƶһɫ
ΪΥͨѣѾֶ˵ˡ
ھȻײ

˵ղϳ𣿡ʡ

϶ϳ˰ؿڣǼɫѿְοҲ£װûģ

̾һ
Ըˡ

͵͹ѹûɡ



ʱˣݫhתư죬ʱʱҪ⿴һۣҪһһûС

Сhڵʲôݰغʡ

ݫhûɳϿӡ
ΪӽĿ㣬ĿҪһڿ˵˵ģȺͺӰ룬˿Ըⱻ˴šڶٻŵС̫ȤҲúͺ棬ͰŵңأлüƵ

ɵأղڳϴʱȶԼ˵Ļ
˵Ҳû⣬ǵȼ˼֮ʶʵûҪˡ
Ҷˣ࣬Ϊ˼Ҳƽϣ

Ǳ˶Լ˵ⷬݫh϶ǣݵԱ
ݫhԥˡ

ǲǿǰɻڶĪĹˣ
ʵϸһ룬СĪ񲢲˵

µܳû

Ļϣͣһֻܡ
ݫhԥеһƵ

زҶٻ״

ٻ˵ƽʱ˯ǰҪƬһ°ɡ

ݫhһۣôģһתСҲһʧضŵӻ

Ҳ뿴Ƭ𣿡ݫhʡ
Сͷ

ɿɡݫhңظ

Сˣ˵һлл

ʱ洫ŵĶ

ҪͺɢĪͰʵǽԵú𣿡

ݫh

ǡĪҪڸпСʱľȻݫhʱʱҪĿ⡣

һưúȥС档

СӡաܹȥСһ𿴡ܳû

һѧܶŶС˵
ۣ
ҶûѧءСɵģͷ˵ܴܴ󣬹ͷǿˣ

СɡСʣĸܶѽ

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֪ʶܶʱС¶һѾı顣
СΪϲĶƬһĴ

ݫhվǳʲôˣ

⡣Ī뿴۾˵
ܲܰѱ¸ᱻЦġ

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ݫhת»صɳϡ
ֻһ⣬ŵЦ⡣

ݫhżᡣ
ż˵öԣѣҲûҪˡ

һỳǻˡ
ʱأղŷûϳһϤͼٿˣҲûӦ
ȻΰοȰ˵Լỳǻǹһء
ֲɵӣûϳ

ݰشǰʣ˵ǳԴˣ

ỳһ̧ۣǡú¥ϵĪӡ

ӣˡ
Ժȷʵ⣬ûѡ

ݫhʱ¶Ľ
ݰԼĶֽˡ

ۣӲ
ͻȻݫhҲеɰղΪʲôĪ˵ѵҪˣ
ǸԵĸܾҲûʲôۣ
ǰǲûڳ˵һΣƽʱſģʵĺͨ͸С˵ĵء

ỳǺĪһϣںС棬ȸ·ȥϴ

ɳϣݰغݫhơ
򹤶ðҲԣʵִɡ

ȥ

ȥҹȽϺãҪȻȥݫh˵

۾ˡ
ۣ

ҿԺһȥ𣿡ССƮ

ݫhݰضһۡ

𣿡Сʡ

ݫhݰضСȥɣо顣
Ǿ͡ݰؿڡ

˷ܵر



Ͼŵ֮ǰÿ˶صԼķ
ֱʱҷŷﱻһ񿨡

裬дʲôѽȥ񿨣ʵ

ĪסСݵһСùϺ֮ǽΪûʹöʮԪαսʱһ飬սɹļαԵõ͵Ļᡣͽ󣬽ĿһǰһĿĵء

񿨵ĵ£дĵַͲ˵

۾

ֻǺȼûʹö𡣡
Ҳ˵ǱСɼһݫhңɶ飬ս

ۣսʲô
ٻݫh϶ȼҴһһ᲻䵥
ǰڴͣϣܳϡ

Ī͹ỳһһա
ӵһιգʱû취

ǣѵŰȥ͵ĻᶼҪ
ӿ϶ʧġ

ζ뵽취ðһգ

֪ڿʲô⡣
С֪Ļ϶ᰲο
õģСɺݫh㶼ѣҪ˭Ҵûġ

ˣ

ҪοҲڡ

Ϊʱ˿̡
СԴղŲ˵еĵ̢Ͳݮڴܣ˵ҳҡ

ཡһС̿ˮ




50.  50   ԱС˯𣿡

ڶһ, α¥ϡ
ĿѴңӵһ죬ʼ֮ǰ, ûսֻսݵõȵѡö֮ٹ

, СɵݫhܵǱȥ

С㡢ݣСɺͶһֱϲǶλ, ҪӴһ񡣡ٻ˵

ݫhȣȿԼż񣺡Ƚ㣬Ҳ, ѡǣ

һĻ, ˫Լӡ
ѽ, ˵õأ

òαѡȰɣĪǼһôȰ
ݫhȵС˿, ⻹⡣Сɵ裬ҶһĿ, 湤򶼲һ𣿡
˵, ĪȦӺܾ, һʱ, ʵ, һͻԶڹȵװɣٻƤǳ
֪Ī᲻еʧҼǵһֱ緢ģʱ̡
ҺйܺͺڵӰ˵ҵůһҪɡ

ֱһֹѾʱºϵ£͹۵ضĻϵĪ뿴
ǿĪɫ֮ǰ, ⡣
ֻǣỳȴ۵׵һ˿Ȼ

ûµġỳǿĪı
ĪЦЦȥ

ô꣬Īһ·ߣޡϲĵ͹ȣҲȷֻ֪Ҫж֮һҲܳ䶨Ҫ˵ûƭ˵ġ
ǳˣǿҵжʱ˿̣ĪΨһЩԲסǰ

Щ꣬ߵʱÿ꺢ӵգѰӡ
ʱ룬ڵĻôף
ûбŮҲûúӹһգź

Сӵա
ûֳûһͶҪԵò̫ίˡ

֮󣬰Ѻӱͯϡ
ýƵĺܲ˿ĴлСӶſ˺ðΣĬĬؿỳǡ

ỳӣⲻǴС
ղͷһѴУϰ飬ֱ̯ˣͻȻСӲϲеζ

еССģǴۡȵְ֣ʶС

ӰѱؿŴл

Բ𣬰ְˡỳͷѾŪˣ˵¸һݰɡ

ᡣ
ú࣬ϴΰְ־˵ˣ˷ʳ

һ᣺һ¡
ȾȵԴ𣿡

С¶ίͰ͵

а취ĪӱóһСƿѽ
ﱾûзѽģǼαǺ˵˵ĥƤӣĿŽѽá

ûĸСܾܾѽջĪ뻹÷ѽڼ滭۾һͣͯȤɰ
һʱ֮䣬ϾͽݴлСűԵÿˡ

ȿ¶Ц⣬ɵأԼͯꡣ
ǻҲԴС˵ӲʳҲܽ飬һĴлŴͷȥһл¶ǣʱֻؽʵ
֮󣬳Դл¶ĸеһ׮Ȥ£˵̺Ӿ͵簮ֱڣԾɾøĸԡ
ÿ˶ԼϲԵĶⲻǽ顣
ڲԴеİỳǺĪ붼ǿֻԼѡ

úóۣ¶С顣

ȿŰΪӸеˡ
ʱʵϰĸֱ˺ܶڡ
ڽĿУӵС£СѶҪɺܶࡣڵİ˺ܶĸı䣬ԣΪһаȫеС



緹ݫhݰسȥҹ
ǵĴѧڵĽ·̡
ĥӲݣҪýĿ͹ȥ

һ˹Ǯǰ˿ǮǽĿˣһ׬Ǯͻݫh˵

Ŀָеŷ⣺ǲжʮΪʲôҪˣ

ݰͦţҪСվ̫Զˣ˭ܿຢӡ
ͷС߶ףۣ

Ī룺

ỳһ𾪡
ǹŮˣԼȥ㹤

ĿĹԱϰСһΪѡ
죬һֻʮԪĿĹٲһƬ
ʹĿΪ˽ĿЧӼαİȫ֪綯˵СαŲʵͷ·˵Ŀ鿴ôۣҲĸŮϳҪƬΣʵ̫ˡ
ôһ磬ܵĵĹԱñͨҲ̫顣

аɣýĿĳǹȥ

ݫhһЩͷۡ

һʱ嶯ڻعҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪȥ㹤
һʼǾСһо飬תһ룬綼ʮüˣʲôѵģαشŸӣ

ݫhΪѣŰС֣Ҫȥ

ߵĪǰ֧֧ûʲôӵľ顭
ûϵҪ˴Сһ

ǣҵ˼ǡݫhҪڡ
ֵĪˣ鷳ˡ

ݫh
ܷģʡ

нĿĹԱ𣿡Ī˵ĿᱣϺӰȫġ
ݫhͷһҴźӣҲһġ

ֻǻ£Լô˵ԵùСģӣ߰ɣǳ

ְ˵ټ

ֻСӻû߼ͱỳǺȥ
źӵС֣ǧ

ҪŴˣԶˡ
·ʱһߣһҪŴ˵֡
ҪһС䵥ԲԳİ˸ǹñ˵ߡ

˼ѾƮԶԶĵطٵصͷ֮֡աˡ
ݫhͣ½Ųͷһۡ

㲻𣿡ỳʡ
ġĪ˵ǰղ۰Ͱ͵ؿңأĿչ˺ġ

ݫhһ£ջߡ
ȻĪϲȻãЩټ٣Էֱ档
Ϊ˵ģԺˡ



ȥѧǡ

һСһ³Ϳʼҹ
һʼݫhΪĹңһŷ֣ԭûйĵط

òףҵһƽ˲
ǸˣиĵӰʦͦơƶ˵ǰɣְܼܲɲǴϹĵƬҼҵĵط

ݫhСô˵ģ
йӣҪǷ͵һĸСʱҵſмأŰѴĸͰɫҪҽǵɫˡ

ĸСʱ
ʱѾȰݫh

һ̣˵һСʱʮǮ

㹤ʡ
۵㣬˶׬ʮǮҲ

Сݰ˵

˹
˵ǹʵֻΧȹΧȹдŲ֡

˵ʹˡ
÷Աһָһ˵ѧϰһɫˣһ¾ͳ緹ˣѧȽ϶࣬úøƼ

һֱվڱϣȴԼ
Ȼ˺þãѾӶڵˣʼûȵ

ֱתȥʱС̲סСʵҵĹأ

ͷС㣺㣿
һŰʣڲſڣලǣ͵

£ת
һԱ߹ôǺְ
ɵɵ˵ôӰ֪֪ڿĿǵ˸ѵᣬ͵ˣ

⣬¶ؽе㿪ġ

ݫhźɵֵģֱǿЦá
ͻȻ֮䣬ССѡ

ҪЦˣѽ˵

ݫh
ලˣ

Ǽֻǿ˾Ҫ׷ȥ˵ġ
ңӰʦվԶ㣬ִſ֣һЩ·ϲǣҲ֪ǽĿֱ˼ֱ׷ǰݴҲԸӡ
ûòһЩģƤӶֱ̧ӡһˡ

ݫhɫˣ޲ö´ǰǳһ٣ݰס

ʲҪˣ˵

ô򵥵֣ݫhʵʵһӵ

ල̫ɰˡ
ڼලղſݰվŲȻСңСһҲ֪Լˣߴٵʱѹ±
Ҳ°һ֣ڡڼðö˶ʲô

ʵϣֱĹǹƴ
һ㶼ڡ
Сÿˣ˫һֱݰغݫhʱһɨµ·ˣݫhȥƷ

ݫhţƬ̶ûϢ۵˫ȶҪ



һߣỳǺĪڷû

뿪˾ˣȻỳǻԴϵ飬ÿܱؿĻ飬ǱҪֵġ
ʱڷɳϣһ˫ɢɢشţƵ顣

Ϊݿ漰˾ܣĿժ·ϵĶֱĹǾֻܿ棬

ỳæĪڸ׼

Ŀвֽƽʱ񿨵ģĪҪ˼ţżСֹ
ڵϣ뿿ɳר־żҪһСӣֲɣֻһö䡣

Īֻ÷˼ڤ룬ѡһ׼Ļ
һֻǦʣһֻżֽڵϣ뿿һ
أģ

һ仨
һԲȦϻСȦٻһɣ
Ǳ׶԰ҵҪ򵥡
һڹһڼֽôشڷȻۡ

Ī뻭û֮ؾһۡ
ſţЦ⡣

ỳǽĿӵĻƿϣٴεͷʱǹһĨǳЦ⡣

ݸѾɣǼֽʱ䣬Ī뿪ʼŻֽ

ֱĹǷ·ڹһĬ磬ȴִ˲ƣͨͲ²˵ʲô

ȵ쵽緹ʱڽ
ỳĪߣ޳ָӹõĻ䡣

Ҹ廨˵
㻹Ī

һᣬһǡǧֽסỳǵʹֽۣ軭͸ղǶ仨һ

ǺǧֽףĪһˣǸ˭۵ģ
еʱ۵ģ˵˭ỳǿһۡ

ңܣҶûյĪ˵
ŵĻ绰ỳ˵ҷĹغˡ

֪ûֻĪͻȻòģԭûʲô鶼˼ֽζ

ỳûҪ͵ģ˵ڶһǣ̫ɣҾˡ
ģĪɣ۵ȾЦ⡣

ỳǼͷ䡣

Īֿʼһ˭
Ҫ˵

ˡĪȻ򣬡ǲǸرģ
ˣỳǲõ

ĪʵûסЦ

ỳͷţȵֻһҪ绰ǸװǺǧֽ׵͸պá

ᶼѾˣΪʲô󣿡
˵ʲôǿĪо𡣡
ٿĪôһһӱãС
ǾǲϷޣҲܣҪģ



˷㣬ƽʱˡ
Сʱȥһˮûȹǿʼ
ΪʮǮۻֵ

СѣҪԷˣ𣿡һŮԱ߹ʡ
һҪලѽ

ŮԱЦ˵ûϵҲܶ

ݰغݫhͷһϲ۰Ͱ͵ؿŮԱ
Է¶һ¹ı飺ʱ򣬴ҶҪԷǵѴá

һۣһɫ
ԹɵظŷԱ

ĿĹԱǧʱȻú䵥ǸĵӰʦֻһֱӸŰ˲

ݫhĵͷûˡ
ݰ¶ı飺Сhǲǹˣ

ֻٿ۶ã뵽ʱѾһ룬һ
һСʱǼÿһÿһȹģò׵һʮӣಡһ¾ܡ

ĸСʱۣһ룬ƺʲôˡ
þϸӣǼһٱһ٣ղŵƮѾֱ̿ˮ
ܳԱͣӦҲûɣ
Ƥ롢ϺȻʡ׳ۡ⡭ˣ

ݫhݰطɱһı־ܡ

£ֺܲǰʮԪŰɡ

ݰغݫhδ׬Ǯζôù˫ֽӹԵʮԪƱ
ӰʦϽ׽ʱ˿ı顣

ллݰ˵ǲǻԳһԱͣ

һĪԱֻͣǼְԱ͡

ݫhɴ۾ԾؿСӡ

ϣֻСűͣԵýζ
һԲСӣղŰѾԱˣеĲܰǲͺСѡ

ݫhܵҲ֪ǲĹأܲܺһСѼƽϡ
ֻԼصĲߡ

ݰزˣһ£кݫhͰŷԱһ֣ò˵

ݫhɵˡ
ǰѾСŹȥݰؽܵóԵġ

צúóԣԼֺСֱȳɷצӣһһĸ

ݰ˲ˣˡ
ֱʱݫhʶаʮǮԼһٺõģһ㶼֡

ɳݫh˵

ʮӺ󣬲ˡ
ãǱҹƵģԵͣ
󷽣ԼԣһɳҲһ

һɳһֲܰѹ˵̫ʳ£Сһиͣ

СʱֱӳԹȹ⣿
ú͹һûӣ֪Լ
ʮǮأҪǴؼң¸ĿĵصʱÿͶܼˡ
һ£һǻۣ˵ʱ˵û۸񡭡

ȻԱ˵ʱĻƮһŽһŵġ

һʮԪǸֽ𣿡

ݫhǵЦ⽩ס˸á

ǲƽ𣿡ݰؽӹ˵ϸ˶֣ɳǮ𣿡

ֱĹЦͣԭݰˣ˼ҵ֮ǰ۸ġ
ֻûס

ɳǮһһԱָŲ˵ϵļ۸Ľͣ㿴ǲдŵλˣ

ݰ
ݫhڸô졣

ݫhĿڸӰʦϡ
Ӱʦ˷ܣҿϣԷǮǲǶںæϴ룿

Ŀһֲ´ӣݫhҧס´
ô꣬²𣬵ҲûȥʲôǮ⵵Ǿ˸ӵģ˵һ棬ݫhˣû뵽ûʲôġ


Щ죬Բã˯㣬ʱ˶ٸۣںò׳ԶȺȻǮ
ĿΪ˽ĿЧ϶ḶǮʱöںϴ룿

ӰΧ۵ԽԽˡ
Աߴ٣ѯʲôʽ

ݫhԽԽίȦˡ

ѿͷӰʦġ
Ҳ֪˶ãݰ˵ˣϴϴ롣

ݫh߬˵Ҫվȥ

ȻʱһС

㣬𣿡

С֣ϷŶʮǮ

ݫhסˣŵؿСӡ
Դһǵض߹קק½ǣ𣿡

㡪ݫhɵôôǮ
ݰҲӦǲǰְģǮԼԷõġ

ۡСලԱĹʣ

ζȻҲˡ
ѹ˵ڱǷʱн̫ˣԭ˺һݡ
ãҶҪˡǳ򹤵ģȻԸݫhݰسԷ
Сӵô⣬˼ѹ

ݫhĳױڻˡ
̫ˣ캢һ׵ʱԼôܲأ

ȵĿһһٿǮݫh˵
Сҡҡͷ

ݰ˵ޣ
գգ۾ۣ



ݫhݰػʱСαѾԹ緹ˡ
Сӻ˯ȵʱĿ鹤Աʼս

ǽаκӱһ飬ʤԵõȯ

ٻѾѡãҪ뵽ȺͺһС
仹֪ݣĲŻѾ˿϶ܱĴȣԺСɺͶȦԴͲˡ

ݫhݰأ˶ܾᡣ
ѾԼãҪģɸղŰͳʮǮǵѿôأ
ھеѰˡ

ĿѾ֪αѡȣΪ˹ƽ۳ԲߣһСʱǰԳǩʽз顣
֪Ϣ֮󣬶ٻĲ鲻ԸǺݰһǰǩ

Ī͹ỳǶѾԾԾԣҲһڴ

ǩʽܼ򵥣Աõֽ˵ٻСɺͶ밲ҵĶ飬ݫhݰؼȽĶ顣

ٻü

αǱԺ

Ī˰ء
ỳ˵£ˣһǲ

ñˣһ֪Ǳ߻ʤ
ȻˣСʲôðСҲûһ˵󡣡
ȻνĪ᲻Ӯǰôڴͣϣʧ
ܿģ֮£ݺݰضȽҲһ䰡

ԱóѾ׼õİκר

߼αվ
ỳСվǰ棬ĪͶٻվãԼվλá

һ죬κӿʼ

СѶ˾ġ
ǰİøղŰְֽԼƽƣҧأϵⶼһһģͣͣ
ţСɺͶҲʼӦһͣͣͣ

Сư硣
ֻƻһקӾվˡ

ỳǸϽŰκ󿿡
ĪҲþȫձú˵ģǲôӶûܱקֺ

ֱʱỳǷվĪĶٻû

ٻģشŰκ˫һֱź
ϣݿһĻ

ٻ𣿡
̫ˣҶôŬֻˮ㡣
൱ڰֻڱģĪ뿴ûôܻӮ

ֱĹǶΪһѺ
ݫhҲˡ

վǰƴСӣͻȻζ
һƽı⺢ȴǽ죬һֵס

ԾأҪ֡
ֻ֣᲻Բסȣ
ȽӦòƽϰɡ

ݫhĵ׶ãأĵ𽥱ᡣ
ʱĶϴһ

ҲְͣȻ䣬ɿ

ݫhȫûˣֱ֡

ݰȻϲСӣǸղŵһ֮ȴ
أҲɿ֡

ΪԼˣתͷҪȸղ˵ʲôؽһᣬỳץ׼ʱǰקȥ
žડһ£СӾǶŵһһһˤˡ

ٻһֱźķ򿴣Ѿ˸ղһС
ৡһºˣһѿ

ҡҪ͡
ݫhѾǰôģ

ڵϵİãȻĹˡ
ʲô

ʤǰһңԱϲһһȯţ

ỳĪҲãȻӣ
ˮˣ



ϣĿ鰴ȯǼƵĵַһ͹ȥ
֮ǰСĪ֣裬Ҳȥ𣿡

Īɻô᲻ܣ
ֻƱѽС

ỳʧЦలСԴǰһ׶շѡ

Сһ·϶šüͷģԭڲء
ԭСȥͲҪǮҾһ޶ë
Բʼ

һڱתڴߵλ
СŴűƯҹ

ߣȥóԵġỳ˵

Сȥѡʳ
ӰŽżⶼʲôóԵģðְֱԼ
ĪӣСʲô͸С

Ŀʳúӿۣʲôԣָһ£ָһ£һ˷ܡ

Ī˵Բ˻˷ѵģ̫ࡣ
ỳ̿ˮðɣܳꡣ

ЩӦö˰ɣҼǵڡʵϰĸĹԢһܳԺôһ뷹
һʮĲǮõĲ˶ʡϱŮˡ
ͻȻֹܺеˣøˡ
˧ˡ

æ˰죬ϰʳ
СѾԱˣڻǺʳСӣ;ûͣ

ְ֣СͻȻ˵

ֱƴ̿ˮĹǿʼԻ
С

һ򣬹ỳǾȥһС
Ӵ򿪣СӲ㱻ѬŲӶǰ˴ա

СƤÿӼܿƤ΢΢ζ֭

ĪһҪȻͷ

СӹСӣȲҧһڣζʮ֭ŷҪ˳ǻ䡣
ȰְͣѾϽءһ֭ȥˡһ¡

裬Ҫһ۰Ͱ͵ؿһС

ỳǱͶӳԵô㣬ҲСһһ
ĪһͻȻҲеˡ

ֻһְɣ

ỳǺͰһҡͷͬᡣ

ĪһСŵغһե֭ſӵִٳһ

ĪҲˣ벻ô߼ʳģһ˾ȻֻСжӡ
ӰʱңֻһٳһԶˣ첻ˣ
һ˳СôóԵģǲãҶֻǳˣ
ҵ㿪ǣɳûС

Թʳʹˣ͵˰ڴƷڡ
Ϊְ˵˷ʳһƷѡԼԵġ˿޵⡢͵̢ɿĽ˹ͽǲ

һƷǺͰְһġ
Ȼưͣһ;ͣ˺ööࡣ

ȵԵСԲʱ۾סˡ
Сְ֣Щ֡

ȵ۾ʱ𾪵򣡡

˿޵ϣһմ˷ѽ
ỳǸһո裬ɤ
Ī룬ϻءʵϰĸĿʱոƵѶ²ĸͲ裬ֻڰǰ֣ỳǴࡣ

СӾϲ⣬մ˴ϵķѽ
ѽɲ磬СԴǰ˴գءһڣҧ˰

ԸˡĪЦ˵

С˫ֺ£˫ۡ
ʲôԸأ
ѾҸˣʲôԸ벻۾һϣԺлصľֻЩóԵġġ

۾ʱʣµİԵȥ

ǰְ׼Īó˺þõ廨

ӹһ棬о˺һЦñȸճԹɿ޻ǻҪ

ĪЦŴսñ廨㰡
Ҳϲ𣿡ʡ
ϲĪա

ڴسԵĹỳĵļ¡
̫̫Ůϲ
´Σʻ

Բ㡣Ҽǵðûյģ֮󣬰ְһµ𣿡
ղһСɼҵֱ䣬ٻΪڰκʱıֱĿͷСݵĴɨý
һǲǾҪǰǰһĿĵˣ
ûղųȥ֮ǰѾãڳˣȽĿһҪȥһĿĵء



һ˳˶ٷʢͣ뿪Ƶꡣ
һƵǾͿĿͣĳ

ϳ󣬹ԱǣαڰѾ뿪Сݡ

ỳǿһֱôˣǵʱ᲻ǣ
ᡣԱ˵εĿĵأαǲסͬһط

Īϲǵס𣿡
ȻסһСҲụţⲻ̫ϰߡ

ҲҲǡ

Īһ顣
ĿҪʲô

ģҪȥƴ壬áÿһαᱻŵشҽסֻǵױŵһ˼ңʱȷһóǩ

ỳǣ
Ŀǩˡ

ȥʲôĪĵʡ

˵ֲˡ㡢ιкܶţһôʧԱն

Ҫ˻ˡ
Щ̫Ȥˣ

裬ι𣿡˵С𣿡

ĪԼιʱĻ棬ȻЩš

ְ֣ι𣿡Īû˵СŹỳǵ֣ҿԱС˯𣿡

ỳǵüչ
ũмѼ˳ҪҪǮ
ڳСӿ϶ܹζ

ѹְ֪С˳Եʱ˿̵ż̽̽ԴŴ⡣
ʲôʱܵƴѽ

᲻رСӣǰôڴʧ
Ӻò׳˶ٺõģȥҶô죿
¥ϵģģĿ˭пݣֻаݣ
Ҫİ˼ҽһʱҲǸսϣܺһ㣬һ˵˼Ұɡ

Ŀĳڸϳ۳ңֱ䣬Ͱһڴ




51.  51   Ͳˣ

ƴٽһСеĽɽ, һʼߵǸ٣Сʱĳһֱܼ
ֻ˸ٿһ·֮, ˾ʦʼɽ·ɽ·᫵, ᶼڶСӾеˡ

űסС˯Ļ, Сֲ§ĸ첲
أƤԽԽ˯ˡ

ʮʮ֣Ŀĳִƴڡ
Ī뱧С³
һ, ˻Щ, Ī°ỳǻᳳѺ, ˫źӵСƨɣرš

һϮ, ỳϵףڰ, ££·, ĪҲһЩ
֮, ˰, æźӵСȡ

ǰжѽ, ðְһ̧š
Ц˯ŵӶôɰôأ
ҪǸղų̫ˣͻȻ

߽ӡ
ڲˣǶѾϢαȻڰѾΪ˾ʦϤɽ·, ˵ãʮ֮ǰŸյ

Сݵһ죬αǽﻹûʳͨͨҳһͣ˵˲࣬׷ܹǶԱ˶ӡ
ˣ·;Ҳ᲻ͷϾԱá

ݫhشСӡ
֮ǰڼˢ̳ʱ򣬿һӣ˵ڵũ͹ȥһˡǵԽСƯסҲڰݣڳҪöˡݫhǱڴŽĿĿĵصģֻһˡ

˵õԽСأ
էһۿȫƾɵͰСƽ

ƴ廹ǱȽģסĴ˺С˶ȥ񹤻Сˡʮһ£ũæļڣǴæһЩܼС£Ҳܸ˺СһЩԱ͡

ݫhĶʱһء
ԽСˣũ

ݰصһأ㿴ңҿ㣬ĵָͷ㣬ʮ¼ƸϽȥ

Ⱥͺһ㶼ģƽʱæż߶ţҪл¹ͺˡ
ЩڴϣɽȹʮԼĳ

СɺͶˣһһߴϣԴ˯
ٻ۵Ҫɫѿ
κʱˮһֱźΪúһĻ֪ģԺԼһ˫ŮһЩԴ
û뵽ƨĵϣǱ߸ûӮ˺ĿͷСݴɨһ

תһ룬ٻʶԼˡ
⿴ദ֪ȫȵģȶʳûʲô׷ôϲ֮е¡
ֻ벻ףΪʲôݰغݫhԸˮ
ݫhһֱںĪŸ

ٻŵʱ򣬰һһˡ
֮ܰңԾüͷš

ݫhߵǰʲôóԵ

ֻǻδ䣬æס͡
ղСӱĪϣǱǵģֱ߽ˣݫhŷ֣ԭ˯

˼Ͻ˵Ҳ֪˯

ʱſϵСŤŤԼֺ塣
ỳ˳ƴĪ뻳нӹı˯һ

Ѿİǻ۾һȦ֮ˣ

ݫhӲ˼ˡ

ĪӦûݫhɣղһ·ǷС³Ѻӡ
ҲǺ裬֪СҪ˯ʮˣֱ͸һ񻶵ҹġ
۾ɵͭ壬ƽҪںһˡ

ỳǽڵϣĴ˴С

Ҳǹġݫhε˵
ղݫhȥʲôˡĪ

СݫhУǳС⡢ţšкöóԵģ

ݫhһϺůЦʱʶ̧ͷĪӡ
ɫûԹҲû֣ƽһȻ

һԵԼզզСƵġ
ݫhЦˡ

һЦĪЩ졣
ƽʱôˣڰκʱˮһǸԼЦôˣ
ѵŮ̫ϲˣ

Ŀ׼˳ǩʱÿαֱסһ˼ҡ

ҷֱǩǩϵ֡
ǩϲûϸϢֻ˼ҵ֣һ죬ڴҶûԼסʮ˼ʲô¾ɹԱȥϢˡ

ļСݼǲŵģҼһòԶ
ӵ˼Ҷ˯ˣԱͳõԿףֱ֮αǽݡ

һұһЩªСӡ
ӺСûصװ޹Ҿ߶ǶʮǰĿʽֵͲĹâСӿҪƣǱְסˡ

ỳǱһꡱƣƻŵ˼ҵġ

ֵ֮ͲӣһϿĿŵָʾơ

ǵķ䡣С鲽ܹȥѹָָʾķ䣡

Ī̲סЦˡ
СкúѧϰģϻСݽ֣ǵ

ԣķ䡣ỳЦ˵

Դ
ڿʼҲĻС

ƿţźӽ
ضſһû취ƽʱŲһỳǸӦкЩͷˣòš

ȵؽ֮ĪŴ򿪵ơ
СֻһŴľ崲ûдͷ
ľ崲黨ӣͷøɾˬ

Ŀ鰲ŵ÷ǳϸģǵƴʱ̫磬ǰüαСϴ˸ˮ裬һĿĵؾͿֱϢ
ĪóװװˮһỳǣСڴպŵˢˡ
ȻɾȴǸСҪ꣺һ첻ˢ𣿡

ỳЦ᲻͵̢ζ𣿡
С˵ģһ˵̫

˯ǰˢϴСѾỳǹСӵıǼ⡣

СӴӷĪںֵͲΪǰ·
СԼСѾģǺڴأСȻζţȴְ

һỳһˮڱˡ
ٸˢˢСˣ硣

أ
ȥжױˡ

ȵˮûǰͷһСѾ˲ȡ
ˮｦỳֹԡ

ĵ̾һ
ССǶӣҲӰ

⣬Īŵģôϴɾˡ
Ѿ׼õϴϵˮɣطʱ򣬿Ůս

Ҳ´ˣСͺգڴ϶š
ỳһСëŴƴ׷

һĻĪһͷˮѷϣͷʵʲôϷ

裡Сվֵỳǵ֣Ĺĵְ۸
ỳһ޹ŷɫĶͯëڸϴ

ۣ̯Ҫȵ豧ڻ֮󣬼״ְϴŵˮϴ

ỳǿһʲôϵĽֲ

ǣǰСѾֲĪѺӱڴ¡

ԼС
⣬趼Ҫôɣ

Լýģָ俴ڸʲô
轫ϴСʱʼ棬գգ۾

ỳ̯֣㿴Ҳûϵ
Ȼû˵꣬ͻȻĪ볯Լķ

𡪡
˵ģðϴˮϴֲ

ĪϴҪỳԴ
ڱϰͣСְӡ

ỳڱģ裬ְҲϴˮϴˡ

תͷỳǵĻظһ顣
Ī۵Ц⣺𣿡

ѽС¶ֲ´ı飬ӣҪְϴ

һЦ⣬ЦѹͣҪﻵˡ

ڷһ̫̫˸һڵ¶Цݡ
þöûôֹˡ



ûڹⴰֻһ鱡Ĳš
˵ڶ죬ʱ򣬹ỳǺĪˡ

ĿҪα峿˵ɹȳϡ
ỳǺĪʰԼ֮󣬰Ѱѡ

С˸Ӵϱְ裬ǳʲôѽ
Ī˵֪ĿÿҪĶʮǮСӵ˼ңǰš

ڹỳ˵Ŀⰲʵ̫ˡ
ͲǸϸˣÿʮǮֽңһߵ˳ſھͷۡ

ɴæͣǾʡ˲

һڴײڳæµ˼ҡ
ӵͲСԼĪʮң޻סǳҽܣǺãϣǿԽ̡

һ䣺Ϻá

Сӻû꣬ỳǺĪѾͬشһкҲ̡

СͻȻ˵ӣЦ档
ûôϲҶôҡֺǺǵкһԷֶػسһ࣬Щ̲ˡ

׼緹٣бм
ĪһʮǮãʡһЩô
ЦøˣǽĿǮҳԿ

緹ʱ̼򵥶˵һԼ
ʮ꣬ӣһŮӶش򹤣ŮѾޣĸƽʱٻ
ϰ飬Ѿˡ

ƽʱԼһס𣿡Īʡ

̵ͷǰ缸ҸӴӺŮҲŮǶˣǰس飬ֻʣһסˡ

ǣ̵ĻͶˣǼСܲͷѧϰɼرãÿҪҴش״

СӵĻҲˣ̣ûд״д󽱱
һȣʲôõĽ
˶ۣһ˵

̺ͰԴҲǸ˲ĺӡ

˲İһ⻰ʱͺˣͷС䵽ְֻȥ

Ӻ̵ĶԻУĪ֪ÿĶʮԪ֮⣬Ŀ黹˷⡣
ԼƽʱȻԹˣôຢأܰһһ㣬˼ҲŻӦýĿԼﰲװͷ

ǸֱͷĶʣСָһ£Ҳˡ

֡ཹཡһ࣬Сָǽڽ䣺̣Ƕѽ

̿壬ֱֻǰߡ
СҲѧ̵ӣֱֻ󣬴ȥ

ģ˺þúþãеۻ̿ףԭǸɫĻϵӡ

ֱǿģһһСǾͷŴ
Ļůֺгһ䣬Ҵһ䣬·ҵ֪һ㡣
ȵ֪ĸͷʱ¶Ȼı飬ϵСǾȤҲֿС죬ľ̾

үүϲҲϲǰ֮𣿡
֮ѣҾþû˲ϲģ˶ٻ
˵ٻҸϽȥֱ俴ò

һʱ棬׷תأȥ˶ٻֱ䡣
ʱڳ緹

緹û׼ḻңСּסˣԷÿ

ٻ˰֮ҪָԼҲһѾˡ
ʣµֻнܲʣµࡣ

ֻȥ࣬˭֪һȺãͷ˻طʱҶѾˡ

Сţһϴ˰һ긾Ů˵
ٻһǻҪ¼Ŀ
һŮ˵ǽĿ˵ǼαĿǰǸɻġ

ţĸŮЩԸͷǺʵ̫鷳ˣʱҲǼũæŴӦ¼Ŀġ

ٻͷࡣ

ŮϴĻسˣͷ̫̫Ա㣬Ҳȥ
˼ϵʱ䣬ĿĹԱһˣٻ˵Ҫϴ룬ͰӴߡ

ٻһվڳЩ룬ۿˡ
Ŀ鵱ʱ¼ʱôԷһҪҸͶṩס޻÷⣬붼ʹӦֻǵȽĿʼֱʱæʱѾȥˣһ˾б˲ܲռڼɼ񣬸Լʡʡ
ٻԽԽһֻ̫ͣΪǴǣû˶

µֻҰοҿ˿٣С˶÷ҪȻһˮϴʲôʱ

˺沣һǮ뻨ĿżͥĿʮٻۡ
ǰʱˢٻĶƵ˺ˣһЩ̸ĵõƵǷ۵ģ˿ˣһڵ
һֱΪٻȫְ裬ԭ𣿡
ǲԸ⿿ԼǮֻҪͨٱֶѣϣұԸ



֮󣬽Ŀ齫һʱŸߴҡ

ԾһֻܻʮԪĿ꣬ΪдǰæʳǲҪһ㡣ɴûΪʲôũ֧ȼأ

ΪǳԵũ񲮲ֵʳСɾ֡
ҲҲǴĸġ

ûʱ䣬ǽĿļαӦþǷֵũ񡪡

ȺͶٻСɺͶȥ۽ۣ񴢲زڽۡ
ŹỳǡݰעҪ޳ȵȡ
Īݫhү׷ʣʱ׷Чʹγɡ

׷ʲôСʡ
ҡҡͷ֪ѽ
ҲʣЧʹʲô

Ī롣ɻЧǲʶ裿
᲻Ľ㣿СɳԾ

ȻӺʹǶԼ䵽ݶһ֪ģڴǵĴ£ǻͶ뵽С

Īݫhһأŷ֣ԭʮһµҲȡ
ϴүԼĲñݸ¶ʵЦݣ֪ǳСӲ

Īݫhͬʱ֣˶һۣͬʱջ

ҪʮӣҴʮӣĪ˵
ݫhͷС

ȡ
ȣ

ͬǫãԼʯͷʽʤ

ʮ֮Īѩ׵ӱڿĲñ£ɹ֡
ݫhҲˣԼñӴϣʼɻ

һߣѾũ񲮲һȥ
ũ񲮲˵ĲռڱȽϳһҪע⣬ҪȻ֮ǰɲգᷢ

Сú棬ʱҲˡ
ְ˵ԽԽˣָ컹Ҫ꣬һҪȫջؼңǶ˻߷ѿ



ˣȺͶٻѾ˺ü۽ۡ
ءزͬһ򣬵ߺܳһ·˻ʱһ˶۵ֱ

߲·ˣڵϣöٻ

Ҳۣһһ㣬Լߺ𣿡

һ䣬ʼڵϴ׼

ٻֻðѶӱ˵û취
ֻ˵ΪԼӽæ͵ǧҪᣬҶƽʱܹԵġΪյһطϰߣԲҪ˱

Се֣ƽʱܵҲҪѽ

ٻŮüʦڸģö˵ʲô

֪⡣
죬ٻʱʱҪƼԼĶӣҪúӽΪСͯǣ÷Ķ䶼Ҫĥӡ

ᣬ˵һϷȱͯǡ

û£ⲻǻ²ٻЦӯӯ
²Ҳȱ˵
¡һΣٻû˵꣬ͱˡ
˵Լʵͯǡ䵭㻹Ǽúӽ飬Լȥ鱨Ծ

ٻһ㶣ⲻǿǱȽ졭
˼˵ǲûô졣

ٻײˣӺס

ȵ徲ӿ˽Ų
ֻͻȻ֮䣬ĽŲһ¡

ɨһӰӰСݳ
ҪٿһЩɶԷӰܿʧˡ

һŹĿֻȥѾֱͷֽˡ

ûб˷֣ӳ

ᣬղǳ̫̫ȥ˵ժ˵ʱȥģû֡Һһʵϰϵãʱرֱ֮Ҷ߶еԣһжѾˡ

Ҳ˵ϣǼҵֱͷ׼رգӳʡ

ȷᡣ

ӳЦˣҶϵ绰

ֻʱ¶Ц⣬ʵʲôôİ
ӳ˵ֻߣߣԴΪһ㡣

ֻǣ⶯翴͸ܼСèСࡣ
кɣܾòԾȵ鷿֮󣬽ſڡ

Ҳ˵֡Э顢ڽĿԢڼ״ĪɵġỳʲôģβŻڽĿϷ
Ҳ±ϾҪˣΪĪ뷭˲һϽĿϴסҲȷʵǴĿŵ죬ֿʼˡ
˰ֱĶʱܹˣϾŵ㣬Ϊֱ˵лᱻ

ü͵ס

ֱܲ¹ʣܣ֮ûи飬ⲻҵ𣿡

ãӳЦ⣺ģΪԼΪ㣬ҶŹһҵġȹˣ

Ҳ㡣˵

絹һ
ʲô

һʱ֮䣬ҵġ
ֱͷֽţʱ򲥳Ļʲô⣬ǲǷˣ
ңĪ֮ǰйڣǣˡ

Ҫֱ漰Īĸ˽⣬ʱ϶޷ճ

Уڶ˭˵黰

裬𣿡ӿ

ʱӳ鷿ſˡ
һţ첽ǰȥŮǰǲ˵ԺȥԺòã

ѽϲ

תͷӳĿ㣺ȥ𣿡
Ҳȥӳһ㣬ְִһòã

ԹԵͷЬӣš

һߣ֣ѹҶϵ绰֮󣬴ĽЦ𽥵ȥ
ϵ˸ʦüأʦֻ˵УĻʮ֮ڻ

֣Ѻܵġ
Ӽǰ͸һˣ֪ϧ
һֱ룬ѧУʱԼûоܾ׷֮ûкͽ飬֮ǲǾûô谭ˣ

֮䣬ԽԽܣֻһҪˡ
ԭ층ȥ֤ǩȨתЭ֮󣬾ͻȢģͻȻ֮䣬

ֱڣ֣ѻǲ֪׳ʲô£ʦ˵Ը

ǲǹųЩϣȻûĪ볹ʧȦ

ʱ䣬֣һֱڿ⣬ֱǰ׶԰ſӳ
ʵϰĸĿϡЩӡ󣬱ϡ

֣ѴӻӳпԿԼȤļܰԼ
ڶ磬͸ȥ׶԰Ҫͺˡû뵽ӳҲˡ
һ̣֣֪ԼԾ

װظԼĪ֮кĶԹ¶ŨȤһ

֣Ҫ֣׸Ī룬һȵͷ֮һܸˡ
ȻҲûô档
һ˵㸵ͶӣҲҪһ

ӳ

ϣһֻʮԪĿֱ¹ʡ
ҹΪֱͷرյ֮£Īʲô

֣Цһֱֻ
ţȴʵһĻԼǰ



ǿһũֱֱæҡ
ֱĸľͷ̫ˣһʱȥĪ롢һʱȥȡһʱҪе͹ỳǱߡ
ҵ㿪´ǶȥĿĹٲԣ´ΰЩαһ

ʱΪĪͣ׷ʿֱ䡣

Īݫhæһ磬ñһʼǻʱ䣬ÿ˴ʮӣ˭Ҳ˭أ˴˶ûôƽˡ
ǿóǵĹϵתá

׷ʽүܸмһȥԼҺһˮ
Īݫhߵſڣүó´ɱװ׿

ݫhۡһڻıӰ
üʮϹŶˡү˼һˣǲӵЩɣȥıӡ

ûĪӹ´ɱһˮҼǵǰҲһıӣҲϲ
ݫh״ҲӹӣûùıӣͻȻˮúúˣ

үЦÿģǲˡ

ȻĪº͵

ݫh˿ջء
үлּ̤С·ȥ

ݫhϵ·һãȻָָǰ棺ӦǱߡ
ֻ˶Ҫߵ·ľͷˣŷԼߴˡ

ݫhһգҲǹġ
ߴ·ѣҲϵáĪ˵ͷɡ

˶һԩ·
ݫh۵˫ŷᣬĿĪһۣһƢûУƽ͡

ݫhǵãǰĪıʱǶ˵Ǹദˡ

ǰʱҶ˵ڽĿм㡣һ˵ĿôڱôˣԼ𣿡

ĪסŲ̽Ŀݫhϡ

ݫhӣòȻڣջԼ˵ĻۼΪʵҾã㲻ˣԲ𡣡

ĪԣƬ̣Ť飬ʧЦҪ
ݫhΪͷӿŲǰߣѽϽؼҳԷˣҸ绹ڵء

ҿʲôȻͽˣ
ݫh̹ͦģʲô˵ʲô֪ԼҲǸȦôֱʵ˲ˡ
̶ദݫhѾӰĹˣΪӰΪȷʵû⣬ôһ㣿
ҳԼĪķ˿ԲԲзۡô˽⣬ҸҺݫh˵һĻЩϲУĪͲˣ



Ī뵽ʱ͹ỳǻû

ѾˣƮǼҳ˵ζ
Ī֣˼ҡҡͷȥϢ

ķһֱģ˸ũףͱˡЦ˵

̼֣Īֻõķ˶֮ڵϵǻؼҡ
Ҳ֪˶ã

óԣҪһ
ְأ
ְһڣ

Ī̧ۿȥڿплһ
ֱĹǽͣղһպ֮磬ͬ·ĴΪ˸лǰæ͸˼ְֽſ

ǾһСʱǰɽ£ỳǡݰõݶ˿֦Űһ𿾺
űýơƤʼð֭ĺǵĿˮҪһء

Ϊ֮󣬾ͿԶԲĥ˭֪ĸ˾Ȼųһ·

Űһ޵С飬ҶѾʼԲ
жó԰

Сһҵģ¶Ц
ġŴҧȥڸܵĺ̫ó

һ¶ǣС㡣
ѾкŴԡ

ֱĹ̲סЦˣӾͷĵķ̵ĳտ̫ˣȻһӶֻǼҳˣһ˷
ֻһĻԵأ

ȻСڳϣСһ裬

ỳǾȵؿһۣĪȤŮʱ򣿡
ĪЦ⣺ǰҪӵ𣿡

ỳĬĬسŮȥ˶һԡ

СӿˣӳֻСֲ˶

ǰȻ˶
Ҹұֽ֤µĶƬˣǡJOJOС˹ʱĶ

ֱܻ֣Ƿ㣬ǿ·գԵˡ
ʱ̵ֻˡ

˼ֻӣỳǺĪĽ
Ƕþûֻˣֱִˡ

ڽӵ绰ҶûţšһһںŵİҲСͽϡ

˵ʲôоΪġ
Ůġ
һֱҪҵ绰Ůֱ֪ء

֪ˣ֪ˡ̹Ҷϵ绰
ôʡ

˼˫־½ǣŤ˺һ󣬲Ų˼شյĪߡ

ĪϸæԼ̶ܡ

ײʡ

Īҡҡͷʣ Ҫ𣿡
̼Сֹ˿Ц

Сԣգ۾һڴ
ʲô

ҲҪȥ




52.  52   Ǵ׵С֣

̵Ů, ڲܻҲԹ˼ȥסֻȥһʱ䣬ȥϰʱ, ֻܴڳⷿÿĻΧֻмҺͲ˳
ʱһ, Ըƴ壬˼ʮĵط, ڼôڡ

һ̵ĺֿʼˡ
һϼƣ͸̫̫ףи, ƽʱ˿˵˵, ôį, ˴иͷȵĻܻչˡ

ŮһСѧͬѧİְ֣סڸڴ, Լ˺һ档

һˣ˼봫ͳ, ҲҸϰ鹲, ֻǵԼһͻ, ˿Ц

Īĵ˵ⷬ
ԼʮͲ, Щ, ĪûסǣȻ˽׵̣ôĵӰʱǾġ˼ҵУĪܸоԼԸ

ǰǰ뱲ӶûءΪ˵, ˼˵̫̫ô
˴лƻжģĻᱻЦѽĪ˵

һǺܾȣ漴ЦˣģҼҹô˵һأһ˵Ҿˡ
Ҫ´˵Ͳڼ棬һС԰Ӱʦ֧ͺˡĪ̫̫⡣

һ̵ͷʯǳ׷ˡ
׶ѣȥҲԿ

룬˵ʱСһȥ͵׳ӡ

СӲȰְ迪ڣ󷽵ͬˡ
ü¹ȥĵӿɴˣ׳á

׺˼ȥ

ȵĪŰԼ̫̫Ķ´򿪡
ѾڵĻ￹顣

Ҫˣÿζؼʱ
ղĪڸ̳ʲôⰡ鿴ûãһ㶼ƽʱġ
ĪӦİ˼һæɣͦĵġ
ôα˰ң˼ҲܺгȻݫhҵϴүûǸķһ㶼ѣоǶʵ
Ӧ˵˶ٻ֮⣬˼Һͼαദöܺá

αǶԱÿһαסͥ
ȺͺסһϽʦļУλ˵ʶܸߣСںܿ
ݰغݫhһƢܾϴүһסﻹиСкСк꣬ǵƤͣƽʱڡ
סڱ˼Ҳöÿɫ۲켸췢ϴүƢô֮֮ǰͱʵʵģһʲôͳʲôԵøɸɾģž˷ѡ

ôֻжٻǻ˼Ҹǹǲ²⣬һ籾
ȻĿŶ̶죬ǹٲ϶ǳŶٻġǵ۾ѩģȻٻĪĽӴ࣬ÿһض¶һݸ߲ȵ͵ҲǱֺùڣϾĪ뷭ˣֻǺһڱԱ޶ѣʲô
ʵϣǶĪѾظĹۡǶٻС˵־ӣǿҵĲ

ΪĿǹٻѡ⻧˼ҵģҺ˼Ҵкض̫
ҪȻôͣһ˶СɺͶģΨԶٻʱô

㣬Ҳαع·о籾ƽʱǶԴ˻еŭֻһΣҶϲּ



Űְһȥɢ
̱ҪطϢģͻȻСӻӻ֣̣һۣ
˼ϲ֣֮Ҳ˵ظǵĲ

ҹƴȰҪ䡣
̰ﰲ׻ɫСŦϵã·еŴãȵһӶʵ֮СӵĲӾͱյýġ
ָָԼ°̣ͣ°Ͳ

ỳʧЦͣ½ŲǶһСһ㣬С°͵˵ࣺ𣿡

̸ϽﺢӰŦ۽⿪̫˰ɣ̸⿪

¹أĪվڴ£ҶƮĽűߡ
ؿŰ۵״Ц⣬ֿ̡

ỳǻصߣʣôˣ
ͻȻˡĪ˵

ȵĿǶȥ

Ī̧ۣ峺дЦ⣺㲻ϳȥ𣿡
¡ỳһƤҲߡ

軹ûƤˡĪۡ

ϣڰķϣҵɫ
Ҫ̫ˣҾû˭ɫġ

۵ȾЦ⣬Ҫסļ򣬵ְڸӰʦڳԥƬֲ̣ڴ
۷׷ףǲθġỳǲȦˣ보ͰߣѾҸҪ֤ʲô

˵ĴɢĴǲ٣һȺ̫̫ڴģԶԶؿһӣҪ˵˵´мӣðȥ

СȾȥˣŴң˼ʲôʹʲô
ôһ۵СѾͷ˵ʱСԴһһģһò̫̫Ƕϲòˡ

Ѿɹڴڲ
һڴõĶǵһϣСӻ᲻ɰ԰

ϣȺͺҲˡ
һĪ룬קקԼɷĸ첲Ƕء

ɰ죬Ҫ˵ʲôû˼˵
ȿȥˣ˵ͷһ¾籾Ҫݡ

Ī˵ǡ˫ǡڻѹţû֪ʲôʱӳ

϶ٶԱӰģôϸΪ˱һ˵Ƕðա
ǺһΪ˵ݣдҲҰġ
ȻѾС˽˵֪ڹȥԼ뵽ĪԼĵӰڣѵᣬ

ǳ̹ϣʲô˵ľʲôҪĪ籾ˣϣؿ֮

Īӹ籾һ濴ġ

ĪҵĺܺãϲҲҪ˵ݼǱҿ϶ġ
֮ǰЩ˵ҪжмںʤݳϯʱǲǺĪݡ˫ǡʱʤֱͷ˼һ٣˵ĪõԱ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪĪôϸΪһԱܾҵҲǳôƷѵ𣿡



ƽʱӳͲῴỳһҵֱǽ첻һ
ʱ˿̣֣Ѽң˸һƣȴ;ŵ֮ỳĪΪֱѾһ̡

֣ѵķǸģضκãװҲܽ
бķķ˻ӳüۣײ˵ʲôŸϻط˯

ȵӻطӳǰҪ֣ѡ
ֻЦŶ㿪촽΢΢һڱеľơ

ӳ״ҲֻЦе
֣ѺŮ˶һ
ྫ£ԸͶ֮¶ζЦݶĵġһǣòҲ²͸

Ȼֻʶ̶̼ʱ䣬ÿΪѾһļϣٽһʱܻὫƿ
ӳҲëͷСˣ֪ܹݵֶΣƫƫͳһס

ʱӳҪ֣ȴͻȻ¾Ʊƿ
һ㶡

֣˵ӻء

ӳֻգ

ֱճԷǳȤһֻǹƽСӶѣҲ֪ΪʲôǾȻἤ

ţỳǺĪķϾҪͷˡ
֮ǾҪ¶Ŀ

ӳֿܡ
ǻֱһԷ־룬ֱֳ仭ȻͬķΧҲܻα˵һЩѵǴ֮õĻ̫̫ۡ
ȦʶܶСǣ֪Щھͷǰ;ͷıжȻͬĪҲ⡣

һ˵ǷĸȷʵܺãûκϷĳɷ֣ôҹǻʲô
һ޵˽й¶ȥֱǰǧڶĪյ·ͳ׻ˡ

᲻ᵣΣ֣ʡ
µ̨᲻뷽跨ѹȥӳЦһǲԼĿĿڱֻ᲻֮

ӳ£ڣǿʼˢĵĻ
һЦϷʽʼˡ



ͷϣнĿΪ׼ʱӣһʱ֮Ī˸һֽˡ

𣿡ỳʡ
ۣ𣬡ú氡ְ֣ĿĽ˵СɺͶŴһȥ۽ۣҿȥ𣿡

ĪЦǴ򹤴𣿡
۽۾۽ۣԼܳŶỳ˵

Դȳһ̶̵ָһ𣿡

ԳһС꣬𣿡ỳʧЦ

۾
һСôṻأ

ŵˣϽ˯Ī뽫ϣڴرߣһСϴϴСѾ

ȵСѾɺ󣬰ڴϴ˸Сһ£ֱԼСץסСѾҪ

ÿɰ뱧ؼҡ
һ£ΪʲôֱͷûйأԱڸʲô
̫ˣ컹˵ټ
Է˺ܶ࣬ΪֱͷѾرˣĿڸʲô
а취ϵϽĿ𣿸Ͻǹرֱ侵ͷ
ΪʲôҪرգѵҶֱ֮ǼҵıֲȤ𣿱ˣ

ʱİѾůı
ĪСڴϡ

ѽСУ롣
У·ûءĪ˵

ΪֱǾŵģĿ֮ǰ飬αҪϴȾŵ֮󣬷ֱֻɵţۿ鲻á

ǾͽС֣óڴͷһ汾

Ī˵ǽҪ籾ء
Ǻľ籾ɡỳߣһֻȦС뻳̽˿Īеľ籾Ȥ𣿡

ݡĪ뷭籾ϸָͣڵһҳƬ̡

Ҫ˵ǧҪ۱˰
ҶҪεֺ۵ˡ
ҲҵĽָͷϾҪٳһǱ
ʵĪӦȫϺģϾƽʱĶ֪ݣŵġ
εëַˣѾصˣǧҪˡ

ݵĵӰ֮ǰǿģǺвŻ˵ݡĪ˵ǲĵСһҺϲܾ̫ˣԼԦˡ

Ī򴽣˵ҺĺüӰΪ׷ʵŮǶûлױ
ױ͸Ư˵

ĪЦɨһۣСƨ
תͷ԰ְ֣ѽ

԰ǣỳҲһ

ǴƨĪ봽ǵĻȸˡ

ԭĪͺû˵Ļ
ӰȻҲᵣĲױԼƯƽˡ
ûо˽µӰ͹ܸÿˣǺɳȻ鿴رá

Ī뷭籾
һһԴһ𿴾籾

ǲˢڸУ裬ѽ

һհƬˣСһҲסĪÿ춼Ҫ汾£ھ͵˸

ָž籾С֣ԱĶдŮպˮΪͻĻϢһˮϡ

ܴһͶˣǼװˮǱˮƵģСջӴ

ĪЦˣָھ籾ƶŮЦᡣ

ôЦѽˡ
ֿͣ¶ɰСְƲҪ޲޵ģϵСޱȷḻ

ỳҲЦˣⷭһҳ򵥣Ůг񣬺Լĵ׵

һ̣СԼСظ
гˡ

ȵ迴ľ籾Сˣ裬ԭϷǹҼҡ

ĪúеֲԾ
Сɰݹ̫ˡ

ȻˣϷûйҼôסĪ˵Ұݵÿûôá
𣿡СӺɡ

Ȼģ

̫ЦˣݵǺܱ桭
ȻԱǰԺǲҪ·ˣʵûʲô츳
ĪȻںԼŮ˭ݼã
ûз֣ڿ籾ʱ򣬹ܺͰĪļһһߣ̫ܰˡ˭Ҫ˵ĸ鲻ãǾԲŵġ

һСӰĪ룬һ֪

ãݡĪѰƬΡ

ɣỳɿǰ˼ҳñطѣԥ֮ʱݡһ̣룬ˡ

Ī룺
ͦΪ˱͸ȻЩϸڣֻǡ

ỳ¶͸ղŰһгćNɪ顣
һϷڸղڱϿ籾ʱ򣬾Ѿ۽𾦵طˡ
֮һ̣ĵţǻ˭
û뵽ڣȻ©ˣ

˵
ǣһϷҪ˺һݣҲǶϷ㿴ϷŮǣôһǡỳ̽ؿСӣװεӣ˵˭أ

Ȼǡ㵸

ỳǣ

һŮǣһǡỳĵؽ͡
ûϵۣҺСҼҵʱҲݹְأСӰοỳǣҪİ

ĪЦ۾Ҫ

ỳǳĬƬ̣ԾɲģⳡϷҪס
С𣿡ͻȻعʡ

ԣ

ͷɥǾֻǰְˡ
Ī붺Ϊʲô
Ϊ˵СͲСԴΪʲôְ׾

ְҲĪɫ

ǰѽСֹ

Īתͷ˹ỳһۡ

ÿζ۾סˡỳһ޹΢΢Ƶڰ۾ϣ

ʲôáû˵꣬ر͵Ϯ

Ī۾ǰһƬӰѾɨһĨȡ
Ծۡ
ǳǳģû룬ֻͣ룬ȴмܡ

Сְְֵ֣ݰɣ

ĪĶ䲻ԾˣҲƮһĨ糺죬ͷװڿ籾
ỳһóѵЦݣຢӵСԴˣ˯

СССԴдɻ
ղŷʲô
˵õĶϷأ

Ҫˡ
̫̫ˣˣϴ׻ҪÿģӰúߣ
ϴǻ˵ʵϰĸƭ˵ģҾùͺᳵ·
ĪûƭڣǷĸǺܺãھͷǰǻˣ

̶ʮӵʱ䣬ֱĹǿƽʱҪķ޻
һԱȣ֮ǰŷŴҵʵ̫ˣͲƭڣֻǲԸھͷǰѡ

׵ĴѵһλĪķ˿óСڶޱȵ֤ݣƷ֮ǰĺϡ
νķ־ӡЭͼ״ܴʲôͲԼҹ
ݫh˵ۼΪʵ
ͬʱ˿֤ݣͼ֤ǰĪûлУûνĽôнܲ

ΪֱѾĿĹԱǶ°ˡ
ֱʱܵһͨ绰˹

ѾǼشֱ¹ˣĿʮ꣬û
̨ղϵң˵СʱǰһСһŷڱͤ˵ľֱͷֽŵ¡Ϊ֮ǰûΪڶ磬ûзϡ
ץʱ䣬ȥرֱ䣡



ӳڵǰɫ¡

ղһĻҲ֣ϡ
Ϊӳ⹻ãֹû뵽ĪԾȻ޹ʹ

ʱӳźƱͷ
顱һ죬ˤڵϡ

ʯë׵ĵ̺һң֣һ
һ㷢ʲôƢ

ӳɫҧź˫Ŀɺ졣

֣ü
͸һЩ꣬Ҳһ˳ġ
ӳһ¾ͱףҡ

ΪӳܳΪԼĿɽôˡ
̫ˣס

ǾޱȽϺá

Լĳվʱˣȥɡ
ߣӳԾҧء

֣תͷָָһʲôƽʱڼңһ˴ӣװ˼صġǲҲ뱻ֱ

ӳţһ̧ۣĮŪ⡣
ú٣ؿھת뿪ݺ˦ϴš

һߣƴĹԱһ飬׶ûֱҳȥ
ֱ֮ûֻ΢Ŷ˾רϷ
˭֪𣬾쵼ġ

ϢǾһףĻңһŲ֪Լ᲻ᱻǣΣһԼ̫ܵûʱ֪ͨỳǺĪ롣

顪顪

𣬾Ҽ١
ỳȥţĪ˻ϴ·׼ȥϴ衣

һ򿪣Ա
ֱӳ䣬˴ϵһ·׵ͷϣͷס

ôˣĪ
Էþ֮һԼֱֱͷֽš

ǵĶûйذɣΪֱû뵽ҪضɣѾŵʮˣҲ˵ڸղʮӣǵһһڽֱ

Īһʶתͷỳǣžú¡
ֱͷûйأǷҲûֱֻüСʱ֮󣬽Ŀŵ֪һô죿а취

ûϵҺûʲô¡ӰͼԱٶȹرվͷ΢һ¾ͺáԱ˵

ֱ͹Աŵ̬ŵˣСץűӣһضǿ
ҲѣϽѯô¡

ǸϽϢɣ֪ͨһԱ˵˼鷳ˡ

Ī뽫ڻУıʣĿϢ˵̬𣿡

Ŀ鲻ִ󣬱ŪȥġϾִˣ̨ĿڱһܴܵӰ죬´λ˭ҲμǵĽĿ
ôֱ¹ʣ˼Ūǲ˵ļαֱ۸ˣ
ղһĻȷʵܺÿģǽѵúܿӰͰŮӰһܺӰĵʲô붼룡
أƽʱסƵʱµľͷÿζҪһ顣һôνĿ飬ɽĿȴй¶ǵ˽˵ģҺһŭ

Ϣˡ·ͻȻ쵼ûüԲߡ

Աǳš
ܵݵ뷨϶ǲִģ͵һСС¹ʣǮѡ
ʵϵǽĿκһαܺúǣԵûôô򷢡

ỳǵ̨֪ͨܵݹͬʱϵҵʦ



ӳ֣ѼҳͳԿס
ϳ֮Ķ֪ͨ

˽̽һƬ
׵˽пеõ꼶һĺóɼֱȥѧУμѧôᡣ
ƬУһ˵϶ҸЦݣĸף۵Ľ

ӳδԼΪӡ
·һѪ͵سͷỵ̂ӣš

һߣؼҡ

裬ñӿժ𣿡˵Ư

罫·ָñժ¡
ʱҪѽĿйֱͷֽŵĻ棬ԼֱӸĪľ˻Լľ˴绰ᱩ¶ӳһУԲŴȥ̨ſڣһš
ӵñܺܿҹĵҲӰ쵽ӳ

֮粻ؼңŮȥͯ԰һϡ
һϵʱ䣬鶼ܵ䡣

ӳʲô
ֱǧڵ棬й¶˼ҵ˽̫ˡ
ңڵ绰ж˭˵

ԭ·ԺУĵס
ЩȷֻҪͣͻȵĽ֡
š

ԭһǶԵ

ؼңһ·ǧǧҪŵ˵ȥ
СһСԼͣɷнµصͷ

ӳڼңҪ࣬ǵЦݶòˡ
գȥ˯

˯ˣȵ賿㣬ûȵؼҡ
ڣ̲ס˸绰

λһŮ˵
һ㶣ӳأ

ǱеڶҽԺƼݳ˳ձȡǸĸĸ绰Ѿ·ϡλ

֤뾡һ˰ɡ

ҴҸϵҽԺ
ӳĸȵϿޣĸŮһûԡ

վһô£Ⱦƻûӣ
ӳ϶пԵġĸĿʣȱ֮˵ɡ

紹ǽԶλá
Ӳ֪ʲô軳˯ˡ



ϣỳȥ˾֣ϵԼʦ
Ī뱾ҪһȥǾ֮󣬲ҽӽĿ顣

һҹ˯ö̤ʵëºΧͷʵ
ȵڶ죬ǱߴϢ

Ӱʦ羰ʱĵ͵͵Ǳ̼ҵˣĿ齫֤ݽɾȶò֮ȷǵ̨һڲԱӰʵϰӦϣʹֱα˽й¶
Է֪¼¶ŵùʹԼˡ
ӳܽûнףǮķʽͨпתˣҲһ֣µǵ绰¼

֣ʦʾַ˽Ȼɷֱߣ߶⳥𣬿ڴڼ䶳һʲǵʽ
ỳǽ߷ȫȨ֣ʦ֮͵̨˽н档

̨̨ͽĿ鵼ݶʾ˳ϿҵǸ⣬һǿĺúý⣬Ϣˡ
˫һ£̨ͽĿĹٲͬʱӳ֮ǰϵĿҪΪαܡԼͨӰԱ֮Էͨʱ¼˳

Ѿ֮˰벻ȻˡĪ͹ǰαǲǾΪ
ģģ˼Ȼôڡôɰϣһ㣬ϽȥӰɡ
£ҵļŹɼ۴һʧء
֪ڻӳǱʲô



һգһҵֱƽʱҪࡣ
Ŀ黹ΪǾ棬Ͼصֵô󣬵û뵽һȶȥ֮󣬾һֱû

ŵ֮ʮֱ̣ΪĪ͹ỳһѺ˿ȴʼ񻶣˵cpø档
ȺͺҲ֪£Ǻ˵Ī佱ԼвŻֺ֮˺ü죬ͷһʱʲôŸɡ

Ŀ鿪λԱӦ⳥֮󣬻ҪԱÿֱ֮ͷҼȷͷѾرգҲڵϡ

֪һУΪȰְ軹Ҫæ

Щ죬Сӽ˸ѡ
ди̡ݫhҵүүһЩСǡ

סƴСǣضͯĿ㰲һĻ棬òٹип

ʲôϷѽһСʵ
ӥ׽С𣿡˵

棬ղ
һľͷأ
Ҳ
ǼӰɣ

ûϷѽ

СӱѵˣЩա
ʱԶһӰүүҵСġ

֣һ𣿡

Сûһˡ

Ϸǲǰ̵ְģ̫ˡ
Ҿүү̵̽ģ
ǰܲһʱֵϷ
ǲүүƽʱС̫ϸˣӿЩɪ

̳ȥһˣԶԶأһ

ĿСĵıӰջС̡
Ӱʦȥ

̰ڰ֣ǱҾǴȥһ˹԰
ȥ԰ҲİӰʦ˵

ĪЦҪͱ˰ɣǺڹ԰棬ҲһԸ

ĪȰ˵Ӱʦͬˡ
һϲŰ

̣Ҫȥ԰𣿡ڴʡ

ȥ԰ס̴յ˵ʱʣ̸ʹɫðҵæ

СӺԥشӦˣʲôѽ
Ǵ׵С֣




53.  53   ְ顣

ỳǵ̫̫һ˴ס, Ŀкһȥ

̴Լÿһ·ͷ, ƴʱɫ, ƽʱÿһЩ

һѽ
˼ŷСֺǺǵ̫ˡ

ѩ׵С, Ȼӣһţۣ

˼ұôһ䣬Լ˼Цҹ, ʲô˪, ر㣡

ʱúࡣǸ, Ǹĸŵģֻһ, Ͳִٽ˻飬Ժ, , һСĸӵ衣ǵĸƽʱæĻ, ʲô, ڵĻ˵, ˦ƹһ˰Ѽȫ¶ˡ
Ǹöũ˶ģҲûԹʲô
ʮʱ򣬺Ӹײˣǻһ˹ŻûСӺСŮ, ȵǿϴѧڷſġ

֮󣬺ǲμӹԼļͥǺܶ£ⲻĸײģΪĸģ·вٲġ
ǽӶӣһ̲ͣչﱲֱǰ꣬Լʱ䡣

ʵǸвסˡ
ƽʱæµһ㣬ֺǣȵԼһ˻شˣͻȻЩ¶
ԸȥŮǱߣŮҲٻصСط˺ǳ˸⣬ȥס

˵ͣҲ׷ҸȨȻһʼ˼һЦǼĴǸǻƻңÿ˶ѡԼҪʲô˼ģ

̴Ű˴ڣʮ֮·ߵȹ
ỳǼ̫̫Щ˼ԶԶš

̺ͶԷԼõĹ԰ԶҲֻҪվ·ȵһ³ָһ򣺡ҿ԰

̱߱߶һ˵ŮҪҲԸٸ˵ˣͳ㼷۾˵ؼң֪˲

СƶǶشӦ

˿ź԰ߡ
ԶԶأһ߸ݵˡ

֮ǰ˵ˣǺͬѧĸס
Ů˵һ죬ԷϰҲˣƽʱǼһѺ֣ܸɡ
ǲҪԷжܸɣֻ˺úùӣƽﷹɢʱҲܴ

Լͷǰһϴүһκͬ־ɣ

ϴүŻͷ֣ǣκңһ·̫鷳ˣҶС˵ˣǶݷõģ

Ц棬СѾͷԴŮ

үүáòغ

κҺ̲ֻͣãȻҲῴʲôֱ䡣һۼŰʶֻСһɰúܣϽȥϵС˸ǣһ̡

֪İ˵ĶҲߣ˵ûϵСӾ͸˵ؽӹˡ

԰ʱĴκҺüۡ
ͷ֣Ҳ̬ԵѾֺʵˡ
ټ̸ʣϸ󷽣֪óԵģһʱ֮䣬̶ӡ͸ˡ

԰Ŀʣ±ܣһҪͷ̣ȷԼûԶ
˼ʵ׷ôС㣬һСûãͺͤ档

κҽͤóɾʣк

ţǰͦñֱЦݡ
״ԹԵذ̣һֻŰǣһץ̱Сһضͣ

κҿʼҽܡ
ǴұݵģߣݹҲߣӣѾˡƽʱûʲôã̲ȾƣҲơ

̸ˣ̲ȾƺãҪȻö

Ҳ˵һҵɣǰûʹ֮󣬶ӺŮһҽϽ𣬻ⱣǱģҲݽиҽԺҲ

㺢Т˳κұ˸Ĵָ

λ˿ʼĺӣĵϲ
ϸţ۲̵񣬵أ̺ÿѽһ㶼Ըүү˵ؼҵӡ

ǵݣһֱЦģСԴͿʼſˡ

úȣ

ỳԶɹ̫Ͱһ⡣
⻹һμʶء

ҪӲκʡ
ôӣһŮŮǿɶģֻѧѧϰϰ࣬ҲŻġ

ǸܸˣκҷĵҲӣӽһ꣬һ꣬Ƥúܡ

̵ƤƽʱԼһס
ԼзӣӼҶڲ֣ҺĸǼסκҸпϱ֣Ҷȥæ˵ڵŮͬ־ǰŮͬ־治һȥһܴӣһԲˡ

̣ŶҲæסӼңסСӼҡ

ԺҪǺˣûôæˡ༸ǴСѧӾˡκ˵

Ҹӣֲɵ
̵ƤȻʼʹɫ

ȻСڷſա
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ͷָͷս죬ǲһգ۾Ҫȥ

ʹɫ޹һ졣
⺢ӻ˵Լܰæأ

˵ҪӣҾðɣߵһҲó֤õĻǻжʮĺӣ·޾ͺһһġκҼ˵

ǡ̷ܻػŰ⺢ڽζسŰǣǻ̺ۼǳϯˣ

Ҫǽˣݽ;ԼţҰԣס޺޺³ԷҲСˡκֺǺǵóԼĳ⣬ӾͦãҲ֧Ҹ

붼û룺ҶӺ͹Ҳá
˶٣һֱʱ䶼

ǣʱ仹磬ĵôãҵҶӱϲκЦеҪȥҶӼҳԷ

ǸԸ͵ˣʮû˭ֹҲ˵Щ²̨׵Ļ˵ˣκһǺͬѧĸأøӡ
ֻǻͶ࣬ʵǼֲȥˡ

ĲɣֲκӼҳԷʵϰ߼ˣ
ˡκ̾ߵġ

̣

죿

ǰκһп£ÿպŹĲܷһڣһٳԡ

̣ˡ˵

˼ллء
⺢ˣ

˰һȰ
ѽԡҧһڣҧ£ƿǹ˵Ҫȥ

ҰȥӣվӹŰȥͰ

κҸæϡ

ʰ𣿡
Աˣһƿȥܱ

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תͷκնҵˣӶ
⡭κ׷ϡ

̽ŲɣȻȥˡ

֪ʲôСȸߵ÷ɿ죬۵ġ

κҵټ
ֻǻ䣬ͻȻˡ
˵ŮǶȥСĶģ



ỳ̺Ͱ

Ҳˡ
ȻˣĿأҪǶԷǸͷԺΡ˵˵һ
Էȥϰ飬ҲԱ˳ŸԼҲʹ졣

;һãĸܲŮܣԼҲʱÿˡ
ˣ°뱲ӸôѡȨȻԼϡ

⣬»ģ

һ·Űְֺ̻صƴ塣
СȫԼһɶȫ̶֪ʲôֻ֪ԼԵñĻˡ

һƴ壬ʵĶȥˣ

ɫһ䣬˭֪ǴĴȰ
ûɣ˵л಻ֵ

°˵ԼܣϽߡ
Сղſɲôס

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ȥ԰ѽգգ۾

ɤ۵ǣ׼ҴϹ԰氡

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ղҲԼʹɫĹʱֻҪС벻ؼҲˣ
ֻǺӣôص˼

档ݫh֣Դ

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һݣŷ֣ԭСҲס

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ǰҪһԡ

ֻһСߣͰŲŲ
ˣֻ˸򣬶һߡ

Сļƨɶ

ˡ
è׽Ϸۣ

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һĻݫhһãȻ
ⰲô˭浽һȥ

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С꣬СѶģֻÿ찲شӣүүϣҲϳźСһ档

档ݫhѰԼߡ

Сϲͬ˴һ
ڵϣһԲСţ˫ֱȣСǰһգؿСġ
СƤףݣһ˫۾رƯǾ첻ԸЦ

ҽаʲôѽСʡ

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ʵϰĸĿĿҲֻĸµʱ䣬ô̵ʱ棬ǰı仯ȻôҪ¶ĸ׵οЦˡ
Сô˵أ̫ûòˡ
ֻеѣûòɣԺӵҪҪôϸ񡭡

Сıϣ˺þúþá
òףڳˣʲô

еɻ󣺡ԭСʲôѽ

ݫh

С̲סˣƵģҽСġ
ۣ

ʱݫhͺˡ
Ӹ˼ҵ֣һ㶼ûв˼ɵء



ӳ۾ʱͷϱ˺ɴһֻȻʹ

ţˣ˵ô
ҵȡӳһ˵ɤӾ͸ɬüͷ

ҽ˵ƲᣬûΣաһˮȲദѣҲӰ콫·

ӳסˣȵع֮һƿˮ
һ죬ڵѡ

ҳȳˣӳ˫Ŀɺ졣

ҽ
ҽ˵Ժû·ˣܻһȳһգǻҪΡ

ӳȫ޷ʵ̽ȥקҽôεġ

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ίŮѣ⼸쾡ĵչˣأһͳƢӶˡСʿ˵

˵Ǹ
Сʿ̾һʲôǸѽ㻹ԼúϢɡ

ȵҽͻʿߺãӳ˺ܳʱ䣬侲
ỳǺĪǱߵû˵ֻǶúϢЩ⡣

ӳۣԼͷ
æʣ𣿡

ۣöе
ղŻʿ˵ĻˡЩ죬չƢʱֻԼͷѣôš
һʱ֮䣬֣ѼһĻ
˭ģ˭⣬ˡ

ӳס֣磬ҡ
ͻȻűƿˡ
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ֱӲʱ綼ãȻġ
ڲϣ

Ҳû˵ˣЩûЪŹȥ׶԰֮ҽԺȵҪѧʱȥӺӣָ
ֳֺҿҲ̫ˣĶɸҰɡ
ε飬һֻظ

һ£ת뿪
˽ˣӳҲͻȻס֣ǰδеϡ
ǰӦûܿģΪζԭеġ׷޻᳡ںܿͻᵽԭУӡ׷޻᳡ʼһ˳ģɷ۰ǰӡҵϡȫ谮С

ǲ֪Ϊʲôһ̵ȻڴԼԭ緢չȥ



ֱй¶˽֮󣬽Ŀ齫ܶſôҸ˵ģǲûֻˡ

ֻûʱٻЦͣ˼ôģ

źأҪʧˣͷûسɣѸǴ绰ǵһʱܷˡ

ٻڿĿ飬Ȼ֪ڽĿĹԱԣЩԸġ
ֱ¹֮ǽĿһֱ취ȶȣǺò׵£ٻȻ

鷢ˡԱɫⲻǵʧ˼ҴĻǣǷʤѡ

ٻôһʶȤر죬ֻйԼۻ⡣

ҴûٻˣƤǳŮ
Ŀڳֱ죬ƴֲ죬̶ʮѣĪ˺üѣ˵Ǽ˿ѾǻһˡٻҪ֪£ǲҪڵóӶˣ
ѹһǮĪһᷭʱٻһ˫ŮֵõԴǵ˲õˣ
Ī벻ԼҲѾˡе㵣СɱۣϴСɲ۽۵ʱ˵ϷϷ̫ˡҲãٻɧ̫෭ӿҲ׬Ǯҡˡ

ٻΪԼˣֽ¥ǰ˼ҳ
û뵽ǽĿտʱĪͲࡣȻɣǽĿʼһ죬вٹϲĪɷŮĻ
֮һ˱Ī͹ỳֽ͡ݫhǸֱй¶ЩƬΣͨͨѡ

ٻû뵽һ㡣
ΪҶԼһĪġ

ʱӲתһڡ

αǸղһ۵ûţرϵЪš
ůڵ£ỳǺĪ밤һֻڱСʿɲԿӣ붼û룬ԡûΪܾСʧüͷ۰Ͱ͵ؿŰְֻ˼ΪʲôĶأ

ԭҲû
̫ʵˣƬܷĹ
ʲôƶ˾ԱƼһ¶ʮԪġײͣر㣡
¥ϵģĶˣ
ûһֿܣӰ͹ԼҲֻ˭ðֻ
ǰ϶ǼֻϽ󣬳ֻˣ

ܰسţְ趼ֻ
Լÿɿˣ

£СѹԹɵһԵȣż©ֻһ̡

ô棬ݫh˷ܵġ
ֻ򿪶ƵʼˢĸƵ

Ч档ݫhߵĪ˵㿴ЧǱͰְһĵģĵʱԿְ֮ӡ

ỳǺĪͬʱȥ
ƵһСѣǺӶЧԼϡЧ֮Ƶӣһ⣬ؿ״Ҳжؿˣźһڡ
ﶼҪ⺢Ȼˣҷޡ

Ҳһ¡ỳԾԾԡ

ݫhҲ뿴ķӦԼֻỳǡ
ֱǰǶڴ

ǰҲްɣ
Ҳͬ͵ƵÿοЩСʵ̫̫ˡ

ỳǴֻͷԼ㿪Ч
СֵСŰְֵգͻȻְֵĺ̵壬Լ
һ룬ֻĻɵסˡ

ֻĻϣְˡ
۽ǺüкƣҲ´

ỳЧеԼҲип
󣬶̶̼ʮͻʱ򣬰Ҳ˰ɡ

ۣүүͻȻĵ˵

ỳǣ

˵õѹۡԸְֱأ
ޣе˷ܡҪүүˣ

ĻЦһƬҽỳɿıͰڴģسСӵԴдĸ֡ôˡ

ỳǻǲаĪЦͣʱֻҲԡ

ڰС֣ż˵Ҫϡ
˵ίرĪĸ첲С䣬ˣ

ĪЦãĵײʹů⣬ຢӵ費ϣ˲Żء
СһҪˡ

һĻøղŵĻﱻֵĹʪۿ
һǺܰܰ裬᲻ϰɡ

һԵĹỳǣĸŮޱһĻ˼
ȻŮУһڶ

аɡ
ŵڶҲʤ

һĻٻ˼΢΢һ
˵ȷʵڣӶҪˣ޲øϽһᲹȡ
һ취뵽ˡ

óĪ͹ỳϲСӡ
ǲ԰ôõģϾ˽¶⺢ӵ̬ȣ;ͷǰȫһ

⼸ȥҡٻ

Ī벻ԼκӣǶСͲһˡ
ҲΪϲ֮ǰ֮ĶԹһʹأ

Ī뻹бµģ˹͵Ӱա

ٻشյԼӶߣ˵һĻ
ǶĸûȤҪڵĻ飬ӰʦСɡ
Ϊֻ뿴ɰС

ͦСβƵģĪͰתơ
ֻǣһ㶼档

ʱԶԶؿСϪߵСġ
żʯӣڵϻСûʲô顣

裬ҿȥСĸ𣿡
עⰲȫͿԡ

СܵСϪߡ

СԣСĸ磬ʲôѽ
Ҳ档СĵͷԼŵʯɿְˡ

СŴ󣺡ѽ
СĵͷͻȻЩգ֪

СŴ˺þãӿڴóһƬ
Ƭô̳ӡӡģЩģǽƬŶԵͰ͵ġ

ǣСȴر𽾰㿴衣

ԶݫhܿĿӰȥ˸绰
绰Ҷ֮СĵĻֻŻضʯ߹

ְܾû𣿡ʡ

Сͷָͷм¡
±˿Ц˵һҵġ

һѽͷ

СԼ֪ǻ᲻Сôƶ̲סʣô֪

ÿְ趼ԼСѽЦݣ۾ߵǳһ˸ҰְҲˡ

СĵСšһɿ
ԴҲ棺İ

ۣᶨ˵

£С¶ϲЦ

뿪ƴĵڶϣΪСĵĺѣҲ䷹ȥ
ݫhʲôĳˣҲϲС֪ΪʲôСʧӺ֮ϲЦȴǣġ

ݰһϼƣҪ
ң㣬ܵ´үǰȥˡ

´үӣƢͺܳҪˣֱôǰһ٣ඪ˰

ֻû뵽Լңǻúܡ
Сӡաܵ´үǰСʣ´үСĸİְʲôʱؼѽ

´үһƲ죬û˭֪ǣæòˡһʱ˵ӣһʱ˵ȹ꣬ӳ裬ʲô취

СĴ

ݫh׼죺ҪǴƵ绰úӼְɡ

ʲô绰

ʱݫhŷ֣´үõ˻
ԥһ£óԼֻС˵ǵֻ𣿡

һߣϰ˵࣬ںϱƽӹ׼ظԵԱᡣ

֪˯ûСƽ˵
ÿʱСġСĸճǻÿҪ˯ǼãóŴ򹤣ҲôСģֻøӷֱ𡣶Ƿ޶ԣÿĵģǻؼҿӵʱܵģǼһòٳԶŵʱǺԽԽ󣬺üرǵȲߣȥϳں׷ܣǳ̫ᣬֻҪһҪᡣ

ϱļ򣺡ģֻչ˺ġ

ƽ̾˵ͷٰһʱ䣬ܰѺӽӹˡ
óֻҪӵƬȻ΢мδϢظϢֵ֤֮Ϣҳ档

˼΢š

˭ƽˡ֤ͨ



ݫhСĵΪѣһʱ嶯
Сʱˣ˼Ҷûû·ϡ

Ȼ˭֪˵࣬΢ҳͻȻһС֡

ˡƽڿԿʼˡ

ݫhһӴϱƽ˸Ƶ绰֮ȥСġ
顱ţһ´үˡ

С˰˵

ݫhָֻĻСĵİְ裡
£ŷģСѾ˯ˡԥǲú˯˵ʱ´үѾתһߵߣ裡

С˯
ĵƿˣһʱûӦߣ۾һµؿݫh

СģСģֻﴫϤ

Сɵˣ۾һǰֻ衭

ĻͷںƽչʵЦŴϲ⡣
СĳѣǱıһ㣬ֻ峺˫۶Űְһ̶᲻ƿ

Сģ˵ϽĿˣ趼֪
㻹ôˣ
ְѾͬסˣСС˵㣬ܿܰӹ
ڼҪԹԵģүүĻүүһչġ

űߵ´үۿʪ
תĨһ۽ǵۣ»عͷϲЦ

ССĺӣڴϣְ˵ÿһ䶼
ںƽؼҿʱһЩߣСˮǹЩߣӶϲǲյʲôʱ֡
ضͯԣҪģǰְ顣

ݫhıҲġ
ɵأԼͯꡣ
ǻĸҲæ͸һʼҲ֣ҪְؼңأҲϰˡ

Сݫhף֪ԭһֻͿúӺЦôġ

ߵݰߣСʣ磬ߵʱ򣬰ֻ𣿡

ݰأ
ҲڿСĺƵпţԼֻͱˡ

ôԼģ

ݫhקק½ǣ磬ֻöأһʱ



һתۣ⵵Ҳӽβˡ
ֱһ죬Ŀ鰲˷ḻĻ

ĻҲ䷹

ỳǺĪҪýĿ֮ǰ̰ѼϾɵҪĵƸˣѺڼСڳȥˡ

ϲС棬ϲͶ档
ԴʣСأ

ҽڼ˵

°ͣ˼һվҪȥС
Ͻ֣У㲻ȥ˵ˣҪһ档

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ͷ˵ϲ㣬Ҳϲҵġ
գգ۾Ϊʲôۣ

ʱٻҴܹؼˡ
ڸղţĪ͹ỳǳȥˡ
öȥֺӰ󣬺õõһЩԴģӰڼңֺһСѾͷʲôã

Ѷߣ緹ûԣؼҳԷˡ

һ⡣
䷹



ʱ֣ѣʦ߳Щѹִ֣żڴ
ʦ˵㣬İҪͥˡ

㽯ʦΪϣãͷŵһ̡




54.  54   ˽ʲô壿

Դϴ֮, ѾȫϵʮڱάֺƽϽûҲѾɢõȻ޴档
ϰһʲ֮ʽҪ, ÿһߵ쳣ѡԼҶĴˣҪȥϽô̽˼ҵ, ̽

ȻˣֻܿԼˡ
ͻӳ֮, ʼ˵飬鵱Ī˽ҽԺĵһʱ䣬ȦûͻȻСġ

󣬻鵽
˳, ҳǼСĸ׵ʵݡֻһǡ
ԷӰӼŵĶ³ʢ, Ѿʮˡ

ΪӰӹ˾, ʢǴץסȻ, վȽŸȦֱ˵վʳĶˡ
⼸ʮ, ʢǩ²Ա, ۹, ̵Щ²ˡ󲿷Ů˶һġ

ô, ûкκŮԱšڲϵĻӳ˵, ˵Ķôģ

ӳһ£ʢһӣ
ˡ˵֮ǼҺܵ͵ҹơ᲻Ů˽ӣ

Ī룿ӳƬ̣Ļ, ȥĪӰͷΣǲҲˮ֣ϾʱŶʮꡣ

۾һӦûĶųϢ˵ʢµĶĪġʢ̫̫Ǹˣ۾಻ɳӣĪʢûʲôֻҪһͲȥĶˣһ췭

ʵ޵ǹ˼ˣЩ֣үҲǲˣһΣǷȻιỳǳֶԸҡ
ǲ飬ȴĹ˼Ҳҵûа취ȻˣֻѰ·ˡ

㸧ӵȣ̾һΪֻع

裬Сһ㣬һǧҪץѱӳ˵



һһȣóȺõ˾ڲǰֱ
ʱ䣬ϰÿֱ俴ǵۡ
̶ʮ죬Ī΢ķ˿Ѿȫǻˣ֮ǰٵΣҲһһֻʣڰĳˡ

һʼҲĪһܲסϺڷǵأ뿪ˡ
ԼԱһ˸ģĪԣ۷岢˻żȻһΡǧϰٴΣԾܿԼվ
Ӱб򲻵

뵽һԼ죺ޣһξ͹ˣĻʲôǧϰٴΣ

ֱĵĻ֡
ǼαƴһˣĿ鰲֯һݣ緹Ըμӵ˺СǿԴԼҵİǰȥۿ
ǶڴЩαǻ׼ʲôĿ

ݰغݫhƽʱû¾Ҫǻᳪ衣
Ⱥûʲôգ֪ʲôء
һڽĿмСˣе᲻ûá˫ǡͻӳģһҪȥ֧֣Сɡ
аأҲݡ˫ǡˡǰʵûʲô츳ƵʱᱻСɵݼѹ

ߺȿȱ߶ֻĻýζڿŰСȥ˵ذܲʱ̲סЦеĺڿȶôɬˡ

峿һ췱æĹе㲻͡Ǻ۵Цȴܸƽ顣

ֱر˷ɵģһתۣСʱ͹ȥˡ
㻹ʱֻˡ

绰֮룺İӽ쿪ͥ

ʱ䣬ĪһֱעİӡΪϸʮ£û뵽ھȻҪˡ
ϲʤϵĪ룬ҪϢ



ʱƴ壬СŰܲ
ֻڰΣأСɺͶҲˡ

ܲݽСѰβС𡶱ʿܲĻ棬ôźöӡ
СվڵһȰҪվڵڶ֮ǰͶСβһǡ

С񿪻һվǰСѵĶӣʼꡱܲ

ܲܲߺߺβ

ǵСɤģһ˳һ䣬ʱʮ㣬Ȱεʱû
ֱʱСͻȻһ⣺ʱ򲻰ܲȻ͸βˣ

Сࡰ󡱸Ļ

ֱǰĹǿźǰܲһڵĻˢ͡Ȼǿ

ε𾢣ͻȻ˵绰֮ȸԾӡ
żҪô壬СθУ֪ҪѺܲȥ裬ͷֺ棬̲סķ̽

ֻˣԼֻСֻСɵĶأôһ̽Сɾվˡ
СվȣСҲվȣͬʱʹסԼˤϣȴʱˡһ졣

СһӦأԼСƨɡ
Сĵбһ׳ĺܲãȻ󣬺ϲˣ

ڳСɺͰ۾ˣһϲ

ˤڵϣӶˣͱ˱ҪޣǿС鶼øˣԼȥˡ

СġСɺͰɹ˲϶ЭرܲССԱ
۹󣬾Ѻܲ͵Сļң´үҼӲ͡
Ƿ㣬´үڳæܲ˵ͽ˹

СǵһСļͣһʼЩִ٣Ǹ˵һͺˣСĸҲѣ
СӶ˶Сϣȴ

Ǻܲѽ

һʱϲóСԴİѾȥΪʲôĵˡ
ỳûүɺũ֮󣬾ֱߵĪߡ

ԶԶأҶܿС˵Ļ
ỳǱĪһͷǰż˵ԣ˵ⷬĻʱ۾Ѿ֡
һֹˣỳҲϲѣ鲻ԽֽĪ뻳С

£ճӵӰӡ

ʱſ˵ȥԺܲˡ

ӰʦءĪ˵һ䣬Ļ˿

ղźͰţرãȽĿ֮Լһɣٻչ

ٻ²ãӦòܾԼ
ȻԼһ£ĪͷлЦ⡣

Ī۾ٻ΢΢һ
һ֪Īڡ˫ǡһμʱҲΪޡǲ֪ΪʲôٻܾãڵĪòһˡ
͸ճʱһǰһǰҲһĪر仯ø緢ҫ۵ĹâҲ޷ڡ

ٻеʶּһĵЦ˵ϲ㣬ɲ㰲һ棿

룬ĪӦòܾԼģϾЦöᣬ֮ǰǧ֮⡣
Ȼ˭֪´ˡ

ĪԾЦ䣺ԡ
ٻǵЦһ̫æǿԵ㡭

ȶöûáĪĻ˵ҵɶӵģ

ٻҽͣݫhѾ߹
ݫhǰӻ췭ۣҪϸˣ

ֱ˶ɵˣ

ˣɽüʵڿȥˣ˵ڸ˵öݸСɫģڿˡӱǰ;޿ȫӵˡ

ٻƤѾϰ߱Ͳ˵ΨһǺǵġǮ;
ʱɫɷףŵؿ

ӣǵģˡ

ٻûֱʱ֪ڡôд
ͻȻֻˡ

ɷġ

˭֪绰ͷ˵ʲôֻ֪ٻɫһһףƴͣ˵ⲻԼı⡣

ʱСɵİְڴͳϣ
Сɰְƽʱڹظɻÿ̰ڣźŲãѹûʱ俴ֱǶٻͨ绰ʱһжãġ
ֱһ磬صĻˣոϳȲҪǣû뵽ϳˢѡ

ѻԼҵġ

Ƶ˶ٻڽĿ޴Ůı֡Ƕĺڼ˵ҡǮô޶ԣ

ͬʱʼ˼ԼӴСǶʱ䣿һֱΪСϲϷģڱУӶԽĿ˵ʵϷĺۡ

СɰְĵһҪľ
ǮҪҲΪǮǵĳɳסڹᣬСڼһܲίûһݽһЩĹںӵߡ



СǷܲͣûãСɵİְ־ˡ

Сϲرְ֡
ĿôʱˣҶ֪⺢ӴӲôǣƽʱڼǰְָ۰
żϻҲ֪СǶٻŮûı䡣ڿٻɷǰͷһµӣҾͷˡСɰְӦûۺӣҲᱣúӵġ

ĿеڣٻѾ¼ȥˣĿҲùǿӦȴź뿪

һġݳֻʣαĿûôḻˡڴǶԽĿҪ󲻸ߣֻǿֶѣݸտʼʱ򣬻ڴ

׼ñ𣿡ỳʡ
Сͱϱһָͷ꣬˵Ҫܡ
ỳʧЦö԰ְֱܣְûܡ

գգ۾

ỳ˵֮󣬻ܶ飬ѧУͬѧ۸յС飬ʲô飬õĻ߲õģҪְ˵ְֲЦ㣬Ҳ㣬ֻһ취⣬֪𣿡

ְǰõѡ˵

СƶǶص˵ͷСָͰְ
˹õѣӦְ

ô˵ǶԵģСʱͬѧ裬ؼҲҸְ߰裬ԼһӲŰǶʱġ
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Բһ£յС飬ܻؼøܣܻܿˣ
ֻһ˺氲Ҫʲô𣿿صġ

Ϊ˺Сϵֻ轵Ŀ˵ʱݳʹ˵ټ

׵̨֮󣬴ǶܿģһҪǰһǹԱ̨һƬҾֲ˼ˣСá

Ŀʽʼ
ȳݰغݫhݵһСƷʮǰϵһСƷڳǶڶгı֣һЦúϲ£졣

˰
Ӧ׼˺þą̃һ㶼İ
εĽĿҶĸĹˣΪһǴүһǴС㣬û뵽ǸũʱǶԴСĵ飬ڱݽĿг⡣

ݰغݫh̨ʱЩ˼۵СۣŤŤġأ̨һʵЦ𽥽ɫԽԽȻгɾ͸

СƷ̨׶ϴүˬʵЦصţٳûͣ

һϳĸȺͺûʲôգڼǰߥź̨
ʱϤİһϲⲻǸĸ
һס졷̨ǸһߣǶ£һʱдۿ

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ǵСƨһ뿪ʣһ£ֱһ̨ʱź۾

İְ裬һҵģ
СƽȻǸ˼һְżǻʱǾͿԿƬûĸСǲϵģһҵģǼվ

棡
Ǹְֺ裡

ŷۺɫСͷϴͷףͦСƤ̨ʹҴкҺãС档

СӺøˣƴ壬ȻûмСУԼС
ָָỳǣѧŶƬ̨ʣؽܣҵİְְ֣֡

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ỳ붮ͦԼĶӣߺߡְ֡

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ҵ裬衣ָָĪ룬Цġ

Ī붥ŸͷףЩŲ
ֻһתգգ۾ʾԼϽͦӡ

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ȥˣ

Ŀǰһŵġ
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ǽڴɵĻȥ۽ۣȥһĻĻݵ־ʡ֮ǡСԼڴʶǣСӽ̨µСǶ

һһغСĸ硢Ƚ㡢Сѡá
С̨֮󣬲ŷ̨ϽһСˮӣһ桶С桷ӵϷֺ

ͯ۵СֱǰĹǶԾ¶οЦݡ

ĿȻ̨һСˮӣ
СѶӵϷȷƽʱСֶŮȥʱһˮӱߣҾҪʮ־ȥ
Сһ̫ɰˣְͿЦС񶼿Ҫڻˡ

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´үżˣֻƵģҪȥɲɣֻܹģҲա

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ĿԲչϰÿ쿴ȡݰݫhͰһңͻȻ֪ÿʲôˡ



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55.  55   ɣ

ȫס, һʱ޷˼ֻǽӼϵݡ
ǿרҵʣܿ׽, Ī͹ỳǵŮ
ţֽĿڸƭͯİϡ

ʢӰӵܲø, ֮ǰҶţֻǾ԰б, ˭ڲʲôȷеϣֻ˵ţһЩ˾Ҫϣ˶ѡýǲ²⸵Ƿ˾, ټͲȦ, ˵һʱ, Ҳû̫˹ע˭⡣
û뵽, Īóϣʵʵ֤, ڶǰ, Ů, ¶Ժſڡ

, ʱ߿Ա, μӡʵϰĸĿһʱ䣬Ī͹ỳǲ֪ǵŮĪ롶˫ǡ֮Ƿֶߣ׷麢ӵ֤ͻ֤֮󾯷ͷҽԺļ¼ҳͻƿڣŻɵϡ

ԼҲиŮ, Ůز֮µİؼңҪɻأ˷֡Ī˾зչǰ;ԱһݣƭĪĸףΪѾɱۺ֢
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ýһ̨̨ţǸԹٷ˺ŵֱһֱڼȻǴӲͬ;ⳡ߷ֱ̣ÿһֱĵĻ˵ĶǲĻ
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ͬʱ֮ǰΪغ϶ܾԼƷƶڲѣ׷ٿ飬뷽跨شԡ



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ӳ˼ţ顭

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Ҿڸһ㣬һСľͻˤ÷ǡ



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ΪԱǲôԵģϵѾԺˣ֪֪¡֪ĪóĪʱƬʱҶ˵ôԵ¶ôʱûء

ĪС㣬ǴҶΪһ˸еˡƻϿҵ˵
ллĪЦ˵ʱôˡ

࣡࣡ƻæ֣ᵽ£ʼϲ֪ΪʲôԴϴͰԺԹĪһ֮ľ˺ܶ࣬ƽʱҲˣڻ̫̫Ҵء

Īһ죬軹ƣ
һ򣬻ƻҡ

ͷż齫ÿһ齫̨ģ̫̫ϴү໥д衣
ĪһƿÿһγʱҪԥܾãٻȴζ

ԺﰲŵĻ˼Ǵ齫Ҫǵ˼ά̼ǵĴԱûԾǲǮÿǰŵǻֿܹ˻֣ԶһƽʱܳԵʳըʳߺʣȻԺҲʳǵʳ嵭
ҲһЩĪͬˣǶú˭Ҳ˭˴ǶЦݡ

ĪûЦ
Ī˽ĸԸŲԸЩͷ̫̫ء

裬ȥ𣿡СӿĪٵķʡ
԰ĪЦ˵ǲԵҡ

С˹ȥ
վĪʱСš

Īٵͷ˺һ
һߣѾŵȣҪȥˡ

æǰĪٻѰƿû뵽СӴ˰֡

ȵĪٵϣţҲ齫

֮ÿĪҪȥʱύ
С˫ֽ齫ϣתͷ

ʱһϴү±ˮ
ϴүˮͽӷڱϣĪһüѱƿһ㡣

˭֪ˮ̲أ

Ī뾲һĻ
ǰĪٿӤ߶СŮʱҲϲû̫ḻı飬ҡ壬ǽٽҡ䵽ϣСҵӵ

ϣƻпϴͰĪһܺãѹǹøҿһ᲻ˡ˵Ī֪֪̾ԼСŮأܾʱʱͿ

ϣ֪ġĪĴǹһĨǳǳЦ⣬㲻ڣԺأҲ֪

ΪڶǰĪӦҲź㳤󣬻ܻ˵š
ΪԼúӡܵĴѹԶ׼
ڣź⡣



͹үӺóʱûˣҲòˣȥ˳˼ˣĪͨ绰֮󣬾ˡ

һݣүӾͿʼæˣŰô֡

ʱ䣬Ѿֻúˡ
ÿ춼ֱϲСѾͷԼֱ䣬ľмαһڴʱĸֱΪӰʦֻͷ׼һˣֻôϻʹСŮӰ۵һ춼Ҫκüҩˮ

ʮ˿ֱϰע΢˺š
ÿкڷԼӺͶϱʱָͷֻĻдۣ˵ǣʱдһۣûüͣڷ۵۾Ѿ˿Ͷɾˡ

ҲΪüΰĪ˵˿ԮȺС
ԮȺÿ춼ܿǣĵӶҪЦˡ

Ҫдᣬӷ˿ȺõϢ
үӺֻôû뵽İӾȻѾˡϱҽܰʱ̲סۿͬʱӣöԷԼᡣ

ڣһǳ䶨ˣޱο

̣ȥĶͯ
ȥ¼ƽĿһʱ䣬˶ͯСܣƯˡ

ѾԼ˯𣿡ʡ
ûءĪ˵

СԾԾԣԼ˯ŴƯۡ

ʱỳ°
ĪͰһ˲䣬·һƣͶϴȥĴǲԾ

УܻԼ˯ôҾ߶µģҪмȩô죿԰˵

⶯үҲӳɲа˼ȩкܶкʣôһʱס

Ī룬˵أүʡ
Ī뻯ɶϱ˳ү˵Ǿǡ

үתͷɨ˹ỳһۣ˵أ

ỳǣ
ϱŮϴȥһƣ
ֲܡ

㣬үһӺòˡ
С־һӣң

ѽС۾Ưֱһˡ

һһԷڽĿзȤ£ܰг
ȵ󣬹ỳǺĪһȥϴ롣

үŰɳϿӣƬòãӡ
Сүүѽ

үүָˡүЦˬʣңء

һԵЦ
˵õɥ־أǰöӿӣھȻСŮӡΪֺӻģֱ̫˫ˡ

Ӳڵ̨ŵģȵ㿪ϵƵٽ
үӲǼҵӣо˰죬Ŀͣڵ̨ŵϡ

ǿźã˽Ҵ¡үӺͰ

͡ЦӲŲԸ㡪
ۣСɳϣţ


ʮӵʱ䣬ɳϣŵӡ
˵濴ģ˫ģͿƬʱһ𾢡

ʲôǰȤģ

Сϴ룬ӳ
ỳǸĪ󣬽ϻûɵˮ˦˦

Īתͷ㣬ˣ˦ø

Ī룺
Ƿģ͸ʱʲô

һðˮǹ̡㣡˵
ỳԾԾԣҺͰһӡ

㿴Ը˭һӡĪŴбһۡ

ỳ˼
ôţǵ취£Ů

ỳǣѶƬ򿪡ŲˣүӰңصݸỳǡ

ỳǽӹңأն׼ӣؿĻϳϤӡ

еĪͰŰɫľӼҷСҪҰ費ͬ⣬һ˵̫ܳ࣬һתͷȴĶڳԼԵþˣץ
̽ͷ̽ԵسڳſڣҰʱ̿ˮСèģǳɰֱǱɫݡ
лĸŮɳϣһһҰԵÿˣǰССҧţҰСĺۼø迴

һҰĹ棬ǳУʮʱڹѾˣȴ˿ûвͷһٲΡ

ײĪѡ

ǡʵϰĸʱĵģôʱŵһηţ
ȻǵӰӾ磬Ҳһʱ䣬Ҫ͵̨öʱΣҲˡ
̫ˣӰء
Ұó𣿿ԵôζҲ볢һ
СҰܽҲóԣֻ֪Ұζô
ۡҰϰ̫ˣʱ뵽ĪͰģټϼдȶȲǣϰ۹ǻۣǮ

˹档
ӶȦС֮ó񴥾ҴƱƷƵҰҪϻ

ĪʧЦ裬ôŰ
ģҰҪˡƶҺһ䣬ڱš



ڶ죬úÇNɪһԼгĶ
콢¸еġۡҰͨͨϻһЩС껹лϰ׷ȦС桱֮ûãʣһЩֱˡûŵ콢µ˼ҿͷ˵ûô죬˵Ҳõʱ䡣ôȰȻֻ֪һѣɹУԵô㣬һĵģҶ뾡쳢ζ

ǰҼ¥СҰǵûϧٸһᡭ
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ƷƵҰһ֮ǰĪԼƷǸסˣһϵ㡣
Ƕ֪һ֮ĪǰһˣĹȵ۷ʱҪһ̨ס

ƷһһţҪѹ˾ż̤ƣһһӴ˭һͬʡ

ӡ
ǩ
Լ

ʱǶôĪģһٽͺûʵһбһ죬ƷƷ˵۾Ҫͷȥ䳰ȷʱһ㶼
ֻǺϵĪڵʵбҪЩͷѾ˸ߵҵֵ

㣬һװƷƣҲҪĪԷͰ͹ˣҶϽ䣬һʱˡǹŽ칫ҡ

װƷƣһǹĺ飬ĸӣ
һװƷƣӦÿ첻ˣžעһĪԡԷĪϲʱҪԸܵʱñ˰ɡ

㷭ļӷװðĪһǵĴ˰

ڵĪ㣬Ӧ벻ˡǹ˵
ļã˵ӷװװT̨㡭ôãȤ

ǹӦ
ǰʲôǰ볢Եأ
˵ǰˣ뿴С޵ģء

ҪĪ绰ǹ˵
С㿴ֱһǷȥԤˡ

ǹ



׶԰ˡ
ỳǺĪϵ˼׶԰ȥԼѡϲ
׶԰Ժǣڲ֮ǰźӵԤ֤ܰ԰

СѶҪԤ룬Сʱÿ´һΣһЩɰ꣬һŴһΡ
ỳԺ֪ôԤˡ

ʱһûдԤ룬Ѿоһɶְֱ߽ԤķվʱСֶڶ

ְ֣𣿡ʡ
һۣǴͲˡỳ˵

СӳĽëίͰ͵ؿ衣

Ī͹ỳǵ뷨һ
ƭǽʵĸܸ߰˵ۣȥԹ֮۵ۿޣǻ԰ְʧ

ۣǴԤ룬ԤСսʿŻܻϸĪ˵

ܲ𣿡ίˡ

ܡỳǱŰڽſŶӣְִӦ㣬ȴ֮󣬸óԵģɽǡ̡

ģûӻ
Īӵͷĺ£ԵĶҪˡ

һڽһֵˡ

Сһ¹£ȴҲʵʵ軳գ۾ίͰ͵ؿŻʿе롣

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ġС

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СԴСдܡ
ỳʵڲģԴƲȥԸٿ

ȻʱȴͻȻ
ӣȥһ㣬ְ֡

ôˣỳʡ

Сӵ䣬Сÿ⣺Ѹ

ỳǣ

֪ˣɽạ̇̄һѸĪס۾

ýţ̺Сһһʿ㣬ɣ




56.  56   ܱ౦

ĪºӿẦ, ۾
ӳĽëӵĶġ

ԭǽСʱְ, ԽԽԭΪҪ, û뵽СͻȻ¶޷˵С, 뻤ʿԼ롣

ӵСڶǹһͷͷһսپӡ
ʿܶС, ¸ҵ, ҲΪ¶ô岻ס, ֻǰС㣬˵, ֪һ㲻ȥ֮󣬻ҪΪԼȡһѸ

, ʿЦ, һְֻסСֱۡ

Դľ, ҧء
Ҳ֪˶, оֱ۱ʲôһ¡

ˡʿ˵

ɵɵ۾, ͷԼֱѾ谴Сǩ

һ㶼ۣǱҧƵģ

ԤķվʱСӱıŰְȥóԵġ
ļԿɺˣɽạ̇̄һѸ, һû¡

СһȰְָǮصϣȲس

źһܵС飬ỳǺĪͻȻÿˡ
öԤѣ£ôܸôʳأԶʳҪԲˣ

ղӹȥСһֱϵ۶Ҳˡ
һѧŵְ裬ʵûʲô棬ԺԤʲôģɲһˡ

Ա㣬ְֱȥι׶԰
һü׶԰ǲ࣬Сһߵ˫ȷᣬع۲š

ʵ԰˵ļ׶԰һģûкͰְһ˼ֱŰְһ׶԰

׶԰ôнҡͼҡֹҡٳݡչ

ݣƽʱǿһЩʳǽϵƬСǺ«ԡȵȡ

ƬСǴųʦųʦñӣ۾ˡ

ֹңָֽЩǺʯͷС̫̽ľżСˡ

԰ȥɳѵ
ϵСľźǵ¡ѥƽʱ֮ٽɳ棬Ͳ·ЬŪˡ

С֣ԾԾԣͻȻ̧ۣԶһСդǸʲôѽ

԰ЦŽܣأСʦźդҲԼִģñж࿪ˡ
ۣ۾ҪðСˣҲ𣿡

ˣԺֱģСݮѿ֮ġ

ỳǺĪЩܣҪһ׶԰ĽѧһתͷŮѾ޲԰Ͽˡ

ϲ׶԰𣿡Īʡ
ϲۣСͷ

ỳʧЦãͶɡ



㣬ӻӳĲ
ҪϲţͻȻ磬һ¡

ͷ

ϣӳ
ΪԭеȻģߴʣƽһ۾ǳ˹ġһμʱǻķԱҲ㳣ͣڰʱЩ˲һܹأڱҪռʱΪһ飬ļҾעǴͬ磬һʼ˴ʱ䳤ˣ⡣֮⣬ǻӳĸĸ

ԹֺûӳĸĸҲɶŶյСүү̳ϡֻ˵Ҳ֣ʱִȴô治Ȼ˵ģ𽥷ˣӳĸĸĸŮ

磬ôίˡӳ

仰ı΢΢һᣬۿȻʪ
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ĶͷϻɴҲб鲣˵ĺۼѾüûйˣǳǱ

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ǽɡӳ˵顣

סˡ
顭

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ڣһˣȴһʱ֮䲻֪ԼòôӦ

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ûмӳ޹
ʱۿ»ں޵ˮ

ȻԭеĻӳҲȻ򣬴Ӵ˶Լһһ⡣

𣿡ӳֿ

ԥãʼûлش

ʱˣҵȥ׶԰

Сʱվ׶԰ſڣóͿ
Ŷӵļҳܶ࣬类ûȺУͻȻ֣ѡ

к衣
֣ѻͷĿʱе㸴ӣ衣

ûðӼ𣿡ǵƽǼİӺӵģûϹ֣ѡ

֣ѽӲس˳ǡ
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֣ѲԸ⣬ûټȥͷһֻϵʱ䣺ʦôûѺǴء

ʱ֣ͻȻڣ裬Ϸ𣿿ɲȥҳԷ
һ¡

ﰢ٣ֲϳԲߵĶ֣˵Ļˡ
û£ҪȥҽԺְֵģȥҲûϵ粻˼ܾ˵һһؼҰɣϻܺһ档

֣ѵüչЦŵͷлл

µûκȻãӳôȤҲܸṩõ

ȥңӳһ档
û뵽ӳȻסԺˡ

ҲҪܵȵԺʱ



һߣỳǺĪ׶԰úӵ԰

ȵ¸һҪѧˡ
Īʱ俴˲飬ĺӻз뽹ǣû뵽һ㶼ǡ
ȥ׶԰

ỳǺ˵˵ⲻһ׶԰ǰƶǶӣ˰ְһ⡣

ְ֣ǻַ𣿡

Ī뱻Цˣ󰲰С߰ɣȥ԰գȥ׼԰ҪõĶȥ
ȥʢ̼ң

ԡĪǣ֣Ҫȥʢ̼ҡ

ʵĪʢ˲Ǻ졣
ʢʢ̫̫ͶʹĵһӰǸʱʶġʢ̫̫һֱǩĪ룬֮Ҳûм֡

Щ꣬Īʢżڹ棬ûΡ˽ӡ£Ӱ쵽ˣϵ
û뵽һдᣬʢ̫̫԰ϲòˣҪúȥ档

ĶԸȥ⼸һֱߴţϽԼ

ʢ̫̫СѵգǸ׼һȥһΪףĪЦ˵

һȥ̳߳С
ȵ˵ʱŹﳵһߣĪԴͬһʺš
СѵգΪʲôǼҰյҪӶأ

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ΪʢСѵ磬ʢ̫̫װһͯ԰Ƶġ
ôһûжļҾߣװһء
ʮСһ棬ЦޱȻ֣ĹͷʱҪѺӵ⡣

ôСѣԼһغĪͷҪˡ
ڡ

ԣʶˡʢ̫̫֣Լӹ׼

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ĻʢܹԼߴ򿪣¶װ۵˧Сһ

ͻͻͻ˻Լǹ尲Ȼ

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СӰԼСֶ׼ʢԣͻͻͻ

ɴ򲻵ңʢ˫ֲһаعⲨ

գգ۾

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ʢ̫̫Īȥϵɳ£ģȻƤǲ۸С顣
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Īʢ̫̫һΪԺӿ϶ûʲôأû뵽ڳ㶼ܵˡ
ȷʵûģǺͱԲԸһСѻؼң֡ʢ̫̫ӶͳһԽ֮ǰһֱ

Ī̲סЦ

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ˡ˵Ҳ鵽ˣǻ˸ɵģӦòɣ
Ī̹ϵҲҲǼңûз˼ȥ顣

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Ҳ鵽ӳֻи˽ӡͷֱӷӣ˽ӵϵĽӰˡʢ̫̫Цƽʹ޵ߣôõĸ©

ϡʵϰĸʱ򣬻ӳһ𣬺ǸգҲ뷽跨Ҫ룬ֻϧûɹĪЦˣǻҵҪռѣϲܻˡ

ʢ̫̫һӳǳԱӣĳ졣
ҥǼұ˽ӣ¿ɲôˡ

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ʢԷعⲨ֮СѽܰҵС࣬ˣʲô֣
СలԴҽа

ãǰˡʢԴ󷽵ظһߡ

ʵʵشϣС˵ʲôѽ

ҽԡ
԰ߺأ̫Ѵ

ʢôأ޵ʱ򣬶Ǵġ

СҲߺأ֮ǰǰְ趼˵ԵĸĸǲԲԵĻ
ӱϾǺӣԴ
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Ҳ˵ûСС˵

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Ҷҡҡͷֵͷ
Ҳ֪

ʢԽԽˣתͷʰ˵أ

Сµġ

˵а𣿡ʢһΣС°ø߸ߵġ

طʵ˵𣿡



˵ǼٵģûӡС¶ɥı顣

ʢ˼ǡ
˺þãͷӡ

ҲаһѴһ¡

ʢ㡣
˵϶аġ
ڿʼС࣬



ĩʢ棬ÿ극ŻؼңʢԳΪܹ绰ֱĺѡ

ʢ̫̫ܸˣΪñԼӲɵСϷˡ
ĪҲܸˣΪϵЦݾûɢ

ΨһЩʧģֻйỳǡ
Ůѣϸ׻ڼԷ

ʧǣһ磬Ҫȥ׶԰ˣСڴ˺ü죬Ȼһ㶼û᲻úͰְַֿ

׶԰ְ𣿡ỳʡ
ͷۡ

СϵС񣬹ỳЩο
Ӵˣְˡ

һʰĪ֡

ȥ̳ʱĪ뽫ӵһ׶԰Ʒˡ
СˮЬ бõĿӡ

裬ΪʲôҪѽʡ
СĺǶС˯ʱܻ򴲣ʦÿҳ׼ÿӣˣԻϡĪ˵

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Ųأ

ʱĪͻȻӰϵʽʱεѡ
ǰһ׶԰˯ʦ˵ᰲź˯ΪһЩСѻΌ˯̣ҳ͵ǰ˼빤

׶԰Ĵģһ̣һ̡˯Īʡ

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ΪʲôأĪʡ

ΪҪ¥ݣ鷳ѽСӽ͡
ڸսսĿ˯̴ģҪѾ¥ݣһʼܺ棬ʱˣۡ

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һɻ

Ī˵˯̣лҳСӵĻ̵Ĵ̾ͻᡭ

ĻС
˯ˣ



ڶһ磬Ͱȥ׶԰

ȻỳǺĪ붼Ѿ׼վ׶԰ſڣźӰڰС˵ټӣﻹЩġ
ֻǣǻûüඣ䣬СӾѾС̽ͷ̽Եؽȥˡ

԰ʦȥСࡣ԰ǣźӵС֣༶ߡ

СĽңǵһ
Ϊϴβι۵ʱСǶϿΣ԰˵š
˽ңСӲ֪ԭһ༶кööСѡ

СĺǶ׶԰ãύѣԼӦ԰ÿűҵڣҲֻ˶ʮѡ
Сգ۾һ档

ΤʦǰܵǰͬѧԺǴҵĺ

İĻһ󣬿¡Ϊڹ¶ԺСҲÿʦĴ»ԷϷѾϰˡ

ȥɡΤʦָָһСʣԺƻһԱˡ

Թ£ƻСǡ
Щͬѧ

ССϥͷͷССѣʦСûУ

ΤʦУ˶ãʽΪССѡ

ΪСǵһ༶Τʦ̶չˡһʼСȥٳ٣ڽϷʱǶտŰ
һ۲֮Ƿ֣⺢ӵӦǿ

磬ǳԷʱ䡣
ڵƻһСŮ
˫ӣϲ׶԰

Сĺӣ໹罻һС˵껰֮䳡
Ҷ˵̲סСʣΪʲôѽ

׶԰ҪԷҪ˯̾ϲԷ˯ˣأ

ԶָҲϲ˯һֱһֱϷ
ֻǣԷô㣬ôܲϲأ



һߣȥ׶԰֣֮ѡ
ǰ죬֣ѶǴŸҳԵġ

ûʲôѣ֣Ѻ˵ദǢֻоƺ̫ϲϡ
ദУҲóϱ˳軵ˣ˵ܺӶΪ

ˣ֣Լȥʱҡҡͷ

ҶȥҽԺչӳ

֣һ£ȻعԾЦ棺ǾͲˣҪȥҽԺ𣿡
ԡӦһߣȴֱס

ҲҪȥҽԺ̽һѣһɡ

һȥҽԺ
ȻߵҽԺſʱ֣ѵͷһֻҶͿȻǴҽԺˣѲס

Ǿ͡

Ҿȥɡ֣ѴĻϾʶһסԺˣҲȥ̽һ¡

ƴǲˣֻԼߡ
ֻһ·ţȴЩɻ󣬲֪Ϊʲô֣Ѳ̫Ծ

ӳһ־ⷭš
ŵĴ¶Ц⣺硣

ͻȻ֮䣬߸Ь̤
ӳȥױݾµ֣ѡ

˵סԺˣص㡣֣Ц˵

ӳĴǽһ£¶ȻЦݣллˡ



Īȥ˹˾һˡ
óƷƵĴԺͬЩɸѡģĿǰλ֮ǰǼԸǺƷ̣ҶѾƵˡô꣬µʱ侮ʯ߷֮һ۰Ͱ͵źͬ

ĪҲ֪ʱƷҪԼ̯ӶѾæùǺЦ˵Է棬úҿɣһαǩ̫ࡣ

ԣҲôģշ˵Ѿ˰ľ籾͹ˣӰһ֮ڿ

ⲿӰƬԺ֮ǰƷĿڱġϣĪƾⲿƬٴժӰڣȦ˫Ӱ󲻶࣬ĪôģûС

˳̸һĹ֮ͻȻǸװƷƵĴԡ

ĪС֪װƷƣʮǰĪٷ˹ʣһ
ƷƣЩ黳ģʢ˥䣬Щп

T̨㣿Ī𰲰СģصӣЦˣҵûؼʺӡ

ðԼʱƷƣƺ˼

뵽Ī벻ɿһʱ䡣
ʮһˣ֪׶԰ô

ͬʱڵСһŴŴ

ʦҳԺ

Τʦ߹鰲Ĳ̣һĴָ治ˣ

𾪵ؿŰ
ȻСܳԵô죬ǲķˣȵһβʣ

ΪСӻӦ׶԰ġжΤʦһֽ
һС컨ڰĶͷϡ

Ư𣿡Сͬѧ
Ưۡ¶Ľ񣬡Խһ𣿡

ã˫ŶͷСὨ飺Ҳ̣С컨

ͷŲ̿
ǲҪС컨

緹ٻһСʱǾ͵ȥ˯ˡ

ʦѾﰲô̡
СӽϢңѰԼλãһ̴ϿԼĵա

˯̡˵˯ģ㲻Ӧ˯ɣȽϷ㡣

ɵסˡ
Ц˵ôˣЬȥ

СӱߴţֻܹԹСϡ
ʱԼ̵СѾСˡ

ʮ㣬˯ﾲĵġ
Ź㲥Ӱ̽µС硣

ֻа˵Ļ۾ñͭ廹Ҫ
ȥĻҳܻ̿ӵСѡ

Сӿ̫ˣ͸ľ죬ලС˯ʱı֡
е㷸˸ǷֽԼС͡

¥ϵСѣǧҪۡ

ܱ౦




57.  57   ִ

СС͵İ, ԰һ죬ԳС
ò׵ȵ㣬, Сڴ

СǶ˯ˣ, Ȼµģһɫ
ֻа, ٴδ˸Ƿ

𴲲ٵʱ
Τʦ

ҵ۾ҵĹȦҵĳֱǰϷɣ

һ, 𴲲, ̫, ѧСѵ۾СٰѶ̶̵ֱ̯, һǳɡ

Ȼû˯ǰǺϸʱԹԵ, ʦʲô, ʲô
ڹ¶Ժʱ, С˯֮Ҫ, ׶԰, ҲһġǵСֻ֣ץסǣҪʼֻʱַˡ

̵Сѣһ, ԴӾͿҪסĴ壬ռ̫Сˡ
ͷɥĽؿ˯̵Сǡ
Ƕվŵӣۣ

ΤʦʦվңලС̣ĿⲻԾڰϡ
֮ǰǿսĿģҲ֪⺢ϲǱϾ׶԰ϽĿһʦǲֻעκһӣΪССѣ԰ϣѧ򵥵
ΤʦһҵѣһʼΪӸĸΪʧõŮ۶ϣչˣû뵽ͺӸĸĹͨУǲûҪ󡣺ҲʲôⶼԼ޷˯ҲڴϷȥӰСѡ
ڣñӣȻЩգҲûѰԼ취⡣

ǶȿȥСӰڶͯϣССţһӵӣʵЩ

ΤʦʧЦǰȥŵˣһ

ͷ

ΤʦС¡
С㣬ǲǶԼһ⣿
ʵûô߰

֮С첱ӣС
붥ϵĴ壬һξ롣

ظ
Ͳһ



֣£еضԲϵĻӳ˵죬Ҿһ𣬿óܵ㡣һǺģϣܸϽ

ӳǵЦԾɽš
ڼǰϲ֣ѵġŮ˵˾ޣȴԼζټģֻʱ䣬͹ǣ췭ˣټϾʱıʣѾȤˡ
ֻ˵ĿǰȤ

ллӳ˵

֣Ѿôáβ΢΢һ˫۾ǻ˵Ҳ֪˶ãջĿ⡣
ɵؿһۡ

磬Ըҵһˮ𣿡ӳ˵ˮƿûˮˡ
áˮƿתȥʱŲ֣ǰһ£һ

֣Цŵͷ
ֱĽŲԶȥϸỬḧĺ°ϴ˸Ȧ

ӳʶ㿪ü΢㲻Ҫ
Ҳԣ鲻áֱ֣ضҲʲôԹ͵һΣòã

ӳҺҪˣ㲻Ҫҡ

֣һ¡
ûãˮƿˡ

ӳ䵭裬ȥɣҪϢˡ

֣̽˵̣ǰֻӡֱת뿪֮ãԾ
ΪʲôҪӳ
ǰ˸ӶŵĹϵŶԡ

ȻʱӳѾס֡
ᳶǺĸһ㣬§ܵͣ磬֪ˣԺһõġ

翴ŻеĻӳ
Щɣ֪Լһֱ

ӳһϧرҸ绰ﱸ£𣿡



û˯ûƽʱôá
Ϊڴһ磬ԭԴϵСѾˣҪ¸ӡ
ŮһҪ͵ģСŶӡ

̧ͷղŲԸԷ˯
˯úܱϷԭ죬òˣ

ϰֵ̣ԼʱԼڴԼ·͡
̵տɺˣͷ˫ִ˴Сˣһλ

գգ۾
ıӺƯѽ

ֵˡ

һѾСϣ˫ִţö
žԼС֣ʦҲҪСӡ

̲סЦˣ黨裬ͷ̫ˣˡȻؼ֮󣬰Ҳʼͷͷ֮´ξͿ黨ˡ

Сӻ˻ԼСԴ
찲ͷ䳤

˯֮ĻСϲġ
׶԰׼ĵݮֵƬǳԵú㣬ͬʱڴŷѧ

ǵһĻ̲Ϥһ˵ˡ
ԭְܿҪˣ

СӳԵøˡ
֪ǰְأء
ҪǶͺ

һߣҵշǳء
ỳǺĪ򿪷ţվүӺվ⣬ĸ˴۵Сۡ

Ҳ֪˶ãүӰѧô£ôܲǰһ

ỳǺĪ
ԭү˵׶԰ô£ͦʽС

Īʹ˸ɫ
ỳ붮ӦԼİ֡

ֲǳԶϴѧֻ׶԰ѡỳǿһ

үûصһֻۣ׶԰ô°࣬Żȥˣ

»ô˵
үӺÿ춼ҪСŮͨƵ绰ģֻǽˣһ˯֮ǰô绰СŮûӡ
ЩģỳǴ˸绰ʲôڿᣬҲֱӾˡ

ھżˣʼϵĪ롣
绰һͨϱе˵ѧȥˣһȻ

֮󣬹үӾͲԸڼҴȥˣҪϰһϰҡ
·ϣǧڣԾס

˵ˣû²ͺỳǺĪǰĸĸźʲôҪʹ

үԾɺ

ỳһͬسͷС£ͱصظˣһΪôء
ѾǵʮСˣҪʲôүӹ
˵ˣʮǰүҲܲס

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ҪȥӰвУ

ỳǣ
˸죬үӲ˵ģֻȥӰֲ֪׶԰

֣˼ҶһȥӺӣǷһȥѾûʲôҪˡỳ˵

δ䣬Ҳϰѣ̲ס˵Ҳȥӡ

ỳһͷ

Ī벻Ц
ĸһ׶԰ſڵȰʵЩš

СӦûܿİɣ



ĵ㣬ʦĻЬˮ׼Ŷӻؼˡ
һûмְ裬ѽ

ֻ˸߲ҵشСҪʱͻȻΤʦסˡ

ҪʦˮŶ

Сһ⡣
һ̣һӣѽ˸߰ÿҪˮˮܻؼҡ

ͷˮӣһˮһѾˡ

ΤʦҲΪѡ
׶԰ĹأСǿѧ£ѾӦˣÿʱκˮȵѧʱԼװˮҲѾȵòˡ
Ȼ֪һ㣬ôСѿأеģ̫ĵֻǻ֣ΪʲôԲˮȹأ

ͺ鷳

ȻΤʦԥӦκͰͨʱСӵѾסСˮܡ

ཹཹཡ
ȵ÷ɿ죬СۿɼرøԲˡ
Ҫϰˮȹ⣬ְ裡



һСС𳵡ĵȴУˮݵΤʦǰ

ΤʦЦˡ
Сӣ⺢ӵĶӳֲ̫࣬׵ġ

ССΤʦ̵Ĵ£ȥ
ż⣬ѰҰְӰ

׶԰ĺǺܶ࣬ȱߵСһСѡ
ԶԶأһӰ
Ǻ衣

С۾һСβ֣ͣ

û
Ϊʱڿޡ

ˣ𣿡۵زϵᡣ
ѧǰʦ͸绰ˣ˵ӺͬѧìܣƵڵϡϵ֮󣬲֪Ǹϸɵġ
֣߼׷Ҫϳ֣ѡ

֣ͣ½Ų˵ҪǸأӶСײ¡

˵ҪǸûκǸ⡣
Ļ𡰲䡱һðⲻײǹġֻΪԸԼѩƬ̫ˡҪģһ䡮⡯ܰ½ҹȥ

˰㡣֣Ѳõôϸˣ֮ǰҿͿĲ𣿡

˲ᣬʶҪҰְ֡
ƽʱͻӳȻףںӵУְܹԼġ

裬ðְɡ˵

ͻȻ֮䣬̧ͷ֣ѣ裬İְϴǼҵ𣿡

˵֣ס͡

סˣۿ֣ѻæ⳵

İְ֣ϴȥϼҵ塭
һʱ֮䣬ʲôˡ

ѹǼ죬ӳһֱĴ绰˵ʲôҪԷĻѹ־磬֣ѷҪһȥ̽

ϣĨᣬǼ޴ӣˣԲ㲻Ҫģˡ

˫ȷ
ɫǲ԰׵ģܶ⻹ǣȴѾ˴𰸡

ԲԲ𡣡紹ˡ

ڱԭ̫ʱ䣬˶ԼŮ˺

ϥǻʹ֪ôˣֻǿίģ§סĲӡ

ʦ˵²ҪֻҪϴ󣬾ǺúӡֻҪ֪ҲǺôѽ

ҳԼǱģæź뿪

ôˣỳסĪ֡
׶԰ſŶӣүӺΪ˲ЦװʶǵӣҲź˶ӡ
Ųţʱỳǲŷ֣Īһֱһ򿴡

Ǹ硣Ī˵

ỳҲ˳ȥֻıӰ
վں棬˵Ļп˵˵Ͽ첻ˡ
ڻûжϻ϶Ųסˡү˵ˣҪӻ϶ŵ󡣡

Цˣ˵ˣԼҲҪӻˣ

վȺŶӵҳǳĸˡ
ǿôһҵģ

ܵ˼ҵĿ֮󣬹үתͷװʶԷӡ
һĻỳǺĪһѽ⡣
һĸ˽һӣ϶ᴩģαضһء

裡

أһŴС

Īż⣬ȺԼҵŮ
һۿ裬æСְֿ֣֣˷ܵغְ֣

ỳǺĪӶߣ̽ҲֻӦӡ

ţ

үү
̣

Цúϲ£졣
үҲһƽʱЦģӦүүأ

ҳǵǳ˳飬óλá
Ϊ׶԰ӺӵĴүү̱ģһʼûϳĪ룬ǶˣеһЩְͿɵˡ
ⲻǰһ

˲ͳֻ
ĪԾͷǺܸߵģֻͷ׼ԼৡһºˣĬĬջڻӵ֡

գգ۾
ףô

ֵһҽŽӺˡ
˸߲ҵСȣΤʦԵЩΪˡ

ԼǰһĿˣӣί˵裬ԺֻҪһӱͺãҪȻеҡ

ǰҪ

ĪĶӶѾˣͷ
ỳҲε˼´βˡ

ү˿ʲôΪģ˫ſүү

ͷ˿׶԰ŵֻ
׶԰һ˶ӣⲻǺ

ؼҵ·ϣỳǺԼ£Ժÿֻһ죬˭ƻأҾѡһɡ
Ī˵ѡڶ

Сͷã˳˵ӣͷԺÿģӡ

үӲ⣺أ

ԺðϡŹֵС뷨
壬ûӱ
ǲҪԼŤŤؼ

塪 ỳ˼Ƭ̣ǩ

үӲ̫Ը
һߣСȰ˵û£СڹæԺҪӰ࣬ϱҪ飬ӡ

үһüչ
е

һҪԼһĻСԴ
ۡ



һգһ˶ĪдġŰӰȻ򡣡
壬ڼͥǩУỳ˵سнͿ

ޱȇNɪţܳԼͰó

Ī
𣿡ỳ²

ǻġĪ¶޿κźı飬̫ϧˣҽûʱӺӣҪع˾ǩͬ

ỳűеʧ

ܰɡĪļ򣬹
ֲһܳ鵽Ƶġ

Źỳ飬Ī벻Ծ뵽ǹܾʱģ̲סãñ˸תع˾ǩͬȥ

ỳ̾һ
ˣðҲһġ

˳ԿףȥӺӡ

һߣĪҲ˹˾
̸ĴԲƷƶλǼ۸涼ܺʣƷƵĴԲûô࣬һ˾ռʱƷƹٲһ죬ֵõǼѡ

ȵ̸ô֮Ī֮ǰ˵ĹװƷơ
Ʒƣ黳ģƷƱܽ黳ԡ
ƷҪ׳󣬵ƾʵ

뿴һƷķװʽĪ˵

óƷƼªĻᡣ

Ī뷭˼ҳأɫרע
ĽǶȿЩ·ӿʽǴôͲŶԡȻװû̫ƸУǼԼӦһг

ϰʱˣֻ֤ûн˵ģ·ƷƵר񣬻ǴҾûܻӭġ˵ڹ̫ˣʶ;ǵ·ģᶼ

ԷöƷƶ̫ˣT̨ĻᣬʹŰȥһ°ɡĪ˵ߣǻûСʱϲƷƣܰǵĻһԡ

Ҳ뷨һļϡ



һ죬ĪƷƵĴԣ˿ǻϲأԮȺǹƵġ

̫ˣЩòĴԣһþһô͵
ͻȻ֡֡Ӫŵıĺ׼֮ǰ˵ԣˡ
Ӧٲΰɣ֮ǰӪ˵Ҫ͡ҡأȻҡҲˣڶûˣо벻ôλĴˡ
ҼǵáҡҲڸ֮ǰֱ

˿ţҵˡҡĴֱ䡣
һʼֱտֻиλĪķ˿һߡ

վھͷǰҽԼƷƵķװ

ƷµӷװƼԼ󷽣ֳͯȤ
ֳ붼УϲıǿԵﳵµŶ

̫ɣûʲô顣
·ͦÿģͼƬ̫ˣģնûУ¼ĵġ
Ҳֹ֧ƷƣǵĲƷˣ¹˿ͣʲôȥأ

ǰҡƷƵϰһϲֱڣֱﻹûԹһӿôˣ

ŵĻڴؿţֻأ
۲̫á

֪Լʱˡ

Ʒƴӵһʱû䣬Ρ
ʵҲԶ뱧ֻ߰ǰ֮ûãŮһ󲡡
ŮѰҽҩ˲Ǯʱ䣬ͬʱʱ˾һиáгƷƱһ飬ͳˣ˵ǣŮõҽΣܽ

֮һֱ취ƷƾȻ
ֻǺѰ쵽

ֱһ£ŮĪţرʾԼż񲢲ʱȻ룬ҪĪͺˡ
ܶ˶Ц˵ɵ֮ǰƷƻʱ֪ˣˣȴҸϲˣѵ빲٣

ûǵġ
һǣŮĪķ˿ϣܼżһ档ΪϲĪ룬ԷӦûôߣȽ뵽

ϵĪĹ˾
ϧǣҪԸûеõӦ
ڣĪ뷭ˣȻŮһΪеˣҲ֪һлˡ

ʱֻˣع񣬽绰

ԷܣԼĪľˡ
֮һԼǱ𣿡

㣺
ȷʵǱˡ



ҡƷע΢˺ţͬʱһϢ

ߵ㣬뵽ӰĪŮֱ䣬ڴ

ǣ

𣿲ǲȶ𣿡
ӰӦòԸӺɡ˼ĿɶǸݴԣųúܡ
¥ϵģܲܲҪ֮ǰҰҲʲôƷƣĪúʣҲ𣿡
ǰҪΪС𣿺ڴСӻ᲻˵

Ƕۡ
ʱİ֪ԼҪȥµĵطˣˡ

Ϊӷ

裬ʦ˵ҪҵġС˵ְ軹ûаﰲҵȥ׶԰᲻ᱻѽ

ỳǺĪҵ¡
׶԰СҵģֻСĻҵЩҵΪĸŵġ

ĩְæ棬¸ˡỳæǸʲôҵھְһ㽻һִ

ʦ˵Ҫһֹޡ

ỳɵˡ
׶԰ΪʲôҪôֵֹҵ

Īͬؿ˹ỳһִۣ˵ġ

ỳǣ
˼ƺûæ

ǰͷһؽҵǼҲ䣡ỳǻԱ




58.  58   ԭ黹ûꡣ

Īؾܾ˹ỳǵĶԱ
ϡʵϰĸʱ, һСȹӣСȹϵżȥˣ쵽Ŀûɹ, һʼѧ߽ţǷ֮ͷ̫, һ֮£ҲԸ⿴Сȹˡ
ˮƽ, ܸҵ

Ǻӵһνҵأ䣡

ỳǼ޹ֻÿͰ͵Ůñߡ
ֹ߰, ƽʱԲ, Ҫͷû, ⻰˵ģǰ֮ǰ, ͸ˡ

ûвϲޣǲһµġỳ˵

һ, ԼİĴʹţ, ֣ۣ

ỳת, Ҫ޻
һ, Īһı

ỳǵȼϣ
, ǣԸ֣

ɾСӣ˱ֽ·СֺȵĲϣһ׼֮, Īɳϣ򿪵ӡ
ڹر֮ǰӣһ򿪣ļֻʺãһеעСͣסԴһתʼƬ

Īоһ⡣
ͷỳԹĿ⣬˵æˣң

ĪˣĬĬعصӣˣרİְ֡

ỳ޳ֹǽڷָ˶١
ְ֣
ǰְڰﰲ

ְ֣æС

޵ʱ䡣
Ůһ޻ӶùĹҵ֮һգʼߡ

ŹỳڷߣĪ˵ƽʱ룬ڵϵʱһСĽѾӲ棬ͻŵ꣬ܣΣյġ

Դ𣿡
Ī뿴ỳǣʰְ֡

ỳǿλεһ롣
ǵãСʱȷʵҲôԼģ٣ҲһܽӦûʹɣǻһ˵ﰲң֪޾Ƶġ
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ߣۣҲܿ¡ỳض԰˵ǧ

СһֻջأСѾҲ

ỳǰڷ֮С޾Դˡ
װɫӣõһСĪ˷ˮԲʱʣͰһϻ١

Īûл滭츳ǻüëֻ۾ǲ⡣
֮£Ũü۵һӾͱ۽ë͡

ſë׵ĵ̺ϣ޻ë
һһĽëĽëƵģ˳ŨܣСҲҪĨúģạ̊́Ư

ױ޵Դְֿ

߹ỳҲѾðɫĲ޵ֱۡ
ֱۿẈ̶ִֶ̂ĸ첲࣬Īָڸ첲첲⣺߰ɡ

޵ĹؽڶѾˣȻڵģҲɰ
Ī붢ſ˺һ÷⽫СʱҲֵá

Ưۣޡ

޵ǰ׵ģӺ͸첲ﱻ˲޻ֺ߷ĺۼһԲԴ۾ƯǣͺЦ

СӺϲŲ֡
СҲ֪㲻ҵԣðĵҵ͹ˡ

ʱˣĪ뱾ҪߴٰȥϢӱ޲֣ȥˡϾһѧУҵ͵ýȥģ

Ī˻ϴ˯ȥ䣬ϴ˸ֵ̨֮Լ·Ͱ컻µ·ֱ𶪵ϴ»
ͯϴ»Ĺܺܶ࣬װϻûã̫ãڸǰо˰졣
оʱﴫĻ

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Ī˿ʼϴµĹܼЦŴ̨ȥʲôôģ

ֻǻδ䣬Ѿסˡ
ޣѾͷ档

ԭԴͺͺĲޣҲ֪ôģëĳⳤɫģȾƵģʱ֡òС¿޻·ˣɫĿͨСȹӱǿɵģɰ˸Сӣס

һޱͯȤĲޣޡ

ĪͷˣֻһתỳһЦسŮ
ԣúӿģ۹ֻˣ

裡з˵ؾޣ·ˣƯ𣿡

Īζû취Υĵ˵һƯ
ǰһ¡

Ӱɡ˵

Ǳޣñ䶯ƯķͣǺȻ֮䣬黨衭
黨ɣСӰ޵ݸĪ롣

ỳǿǡ
ĸŮڵ̺ϣǴۣרעذӡ
޵ԴкܶܶëߣǴ˵ëϲģë߲ееĴᣬǱ黨֮󣬾ȻһҵС

Ȼ̫ⷢͣöͷСüͷ裬㣡

Ī룺
á˵Ƚ

ʲô
ǼôϲûǿҪֻⷢ͡Ҫٴζָ޵Сȹʱⷬ⡣

ͨСȹӶƯܻ£



ڶһ磬ỳǺĪһͰѧȥ
ߵ׶԰ſʱС˫ֱԼĲޣģϽøСǿһ

ǿȻϤİͬѧһʼЩ˼Сߵļҳֹ
ҳע⵽еĲޣһԴˣǽҵ

ֱʱỳǺĪ֪ԭÿСѶύҵ
ΪǰһĩȻ¼ǵġ

ͻȻ֮䣬һ۵ɶϴ

Сӻͷʢԡ
ʢĺѣֻǺôҲ׶԰أ

ӵ˼άʽǺܼ򵥵ģеֵ֣Сϲó嵭ʢԵֽҡ

ʢ̫̫ˢ˽Ϳ߹ʱεЦڼĥҺü죬ҪͰһ׶԰

Ī͹ỳһȡ
ǼҸӰתѧȻ͸Ƶġ

ˣĪȥְɣٺȸȣһӺӡʢ̫̫˵

Īһתͷỳһۡ

ỳǵĿֱĵġ
һһֵӺӷѧģ
ֻСҪǵʢ̫̫ƽЩӦûЦɡ

ȥĪЦ⡣
ȥɡỳҧһӲ΢Ц

ڶֵĪӺӣðỻ

Īʢ̫̫ʢҵĳ

˾ʢ̫̫ڰ·ߣĪŴ⣬ǲԾЦ⡣
һ˶ϲӰѧ͹ỳǡ

ΪÿǷѧվŶӵȺʱڻûü֮ǰ˷Ŵĺ
ʱ򺰵ǰְ֣ʱ裬ʱҲẰүү̡
ÿһΣÿһΣѰҰӰСԼҲڴţҪһʱ俴ǡ

үүÿ춼ָͷģǵĽǿ϶ˣỳǻͷԼֿġ
һ룬ĪЦˣͷ΢š

ĪһȥӺڳȡ
gycû⣡

ĪЦֻԼЦ̫ԣǡ

ĸ治ʢ̫̫ͻȻпð

Īһ£շ̣ҲһЩ
ˡ

һߣһң͸ʦҵ
ÿ̫ˣСǵע⡣ʦ˵ڽ֮ǰҵСǿԲҵȣһܵõС컨͡úӡֵơ

ÿС㶼ԾԾԡ

ֵʲôõģʢ˵ֵҪͶġ
գգۣͶۣ

ʢҡҡͷ
һ֪Сһ׶԰ʱѾаˣʦ·

Τʦŷְ˲ޣһİСк

ϽʵСѰ
Ҳͷԣô

ΤʦˣʢԵȥҡ
һ֮󣬲Ŵе֪ʢԼҳˢ˿֮ġ

Τʦһһ̧ۣͻȻСһʦˡ

԰ɣСһİ˵ţϽǣʢԵ֣֮Τʦ͵ǰתѧʢԣղΪǰఢȥˣΪȥˡ˼鷳ˡ

Τʦæ˵Ҫ

ʢԵɴ۾ǰࣿ
СһЦǰСһʦ
ʢ԰СҪͰһࡣ

Τʦ˵ŶǰలҲתѧģһѧڲôתѧġ

ʢԵСд𾪣֮һ䡣
ڼ˺þã˵ͨԼתѧģ

ʢԵͷһ˵Сģ
ܿޣ˾Ͳǿᱦˡ

һʢԾͱСһʦˡ
Τʦؽңڴҵȡ

ÿСѶԼĲޡ
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Τʦ޵黨裬һȣⷢƯ

Щ˼
ôľǷˣ

ǽͶƱ

ΤʦóС컨úǸϲͶƱ
ΪܸԼͶƱֻýƱͶСޡ
ţСֹãȴɼһ̡

ΤʦƱһۿȥʤˡ
ϻ̵Ŀͨ·Сǵġ

ǵķƲ޴ĹھǰСѣ

С̨콱ͷϱС컨첲ӻñһơ
һдšúӡһдšֵͦСظɽˣ



ӳԺˣŹȣڻĸĲ£һȳһյػؼҡ
ҵĵ죬Ҫ֡

ԭĸѾΪٰˣʱʱԣɫ

㻹Ҫʲôĸ䡣

û˵һֱǰԱġ
ΪԱҪԼһ㣬Ůһ㣬ŻһСģڡʵϰĸĿ͡ʵڽĿ濴ʱƬΣܶʱɣЩû̵ĻԼ˵
粻뽫һжƸԭ顱ǵã½½ԭ֮ǰԼġ

ĸǲΪҲˣǻҵĵζȥٲġУΪӳ㲻ˣֻǿķϣȿ㡣

ϰԵͷֻ̧
򿪶ͯţ͵˵Ļ

裬ӳ˵һʱûףҸ˵˵

һ£Ͻ񣬽ţǻӳεı顣

ǵı飬Դ
νż߸ϵİ
Σ¶ӣĵ׸Լİȷģˡ

ڣȴ֪ԼδԹκʱ̱ڸѡ

ԭУӳ̫Բ飬ԭˡ
籾ΪԼһУֻҪǺõģ۹ζһڣˡ
һˣͲıѣҲܣԼвһ
̫౰յ飬ֺ֣в岻Ĺϵٻͷ룬ʲô

Ҳ顣˵ѾùˣҲ顣

Ѿˣ㲻飬ϣûаְ𣿡ĸʣ۵״ż

Ҫ˯µСһбëëܣŽţӶͯܳҪְ֣

㣡ӳ̧־ҪСƨһ١
ֱӱסŮס
ӣתԻӳ˵ҪǸҴŮҾ˺ع㡣

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һֱӣôͻȻͿʼˣ

ķû̫ҡ
ֻһ仰ס֮طʰ

һ䣬װͺӵ·
תʱлЩȻ

ͷûлأŮһ뿪ҡ

ӳͻĸԭء
ǻԸţӦøж²Ŷ

¥
һ·ϣĵ㣬ԼһЩӦ֧һʱ䡣
ȥӣи˺ţȻܳʱûˣֻҪָ£ܹǮġܹ⿿һˣý飬ȡᣬһЩһЩҪԺ·ĸŮһߡ

һ̣ڰԭ𽥱ѡ
˵ģ֪͸ĵĴˣҲǺôˡ
һ¿ʼ

籧źӣԽԽ죬ɣκʱҪϣ

ĸŮڰĽֵϣ紵СС˲
Сһ軳ܿͲˡ



һתۣϡ
ҷװϰֱ䣬ȴĪͰ

ֱûʼѾϰߵȴ
Ҫãʱ䣬һֱѧϰֱĴģʽʼǱϼ˺һע

ϻһصģŮо飬һӦôøѼµ

ֱлģӰ󲻻ǰ˵ЩŮԡ⺢ӵǳߣʱֻҪ˵йƷƵĺûһܴ

űʼǱ˵Ҫ㣺Ӧú˵ʲô

ҴûдôƯ·
ô͵ļ۸ѵĶ𣿡

Ů˵ʱǾ͹ֱһϷ˵ϰ壬ٰѼ۸ѹʮǮɡ˵ѾⱾۣȥһѪ޹顣ʱǳ˫ɣðȥ㣬̨װʹӣİ彵ۣ

ͣеıʣ΢΢ü

Ů˵Ըźֱǧѷĺûᣬ㲻סᣬһ磬һӾͻɢġ

ʱĪͰˡ
Сӵһֱ䣬һ棬¹Թʺá

ǣæվʾӭ
Ϊ뿪ʱûˣĸŮ¡

Ů˵ǰ𣿡
ѽ

ԷЦЦ㼸һžͷ͵𣿡
ǳϣŴŴصͷԴҪЩ

ֻʱɫȻһ¡
ĪԸμֱΪǮ˵ףΪʱ黳ˡˣһʼѾҪͶԷ̸ãܽΪһߣΥӵ뷨ð˵һЩСһĻ

⡪Ҫڣȴ룬ѾߵŮǰ

ý̺ӻˡ˵ȻȥɣԼ
Ůסˣʲô

ûнֻͣ뿪
ĪԸŰָмԲúֱϷ

ҲƷѾʱˣ죬ҪһǮƷ֮أŮ˵ֻҪǽӣᷢġ

Ůߣߵ㣬ֱʽʼ

ǰҪ
ʲôҾʲô

ֱ·˺ͷ˿Ƕڴ
Ȼеĺĳ沢ûг֡

ֱķΧȻ˸еʵġ
Īһ˴һʼƷ˵ĵʱƷŵŶӶҪŵֿڵĳ棬̸

ǸʱѧʱҪУ̵ҪҰУʵʵġǣܻİΪУﴩƷƵ·Ī˵

ȵŮ˵ҳһ·أҾÿ϶ʱˡ
ĪЦˣÿ·ʱÿ·ͽиŷ硣

ҪĪѧʱͬ
һֱĪܸ䣬ֻںӺ͹ǰһ㣬û뵽ԭ˵ôº̫ͣøˡ

ֱǳżġ򡱣ĪУֱģػỻƷƷװأԭΪƷƷװǷ֣ԭֻԼƫѣ˵˹ﳵµ

ӣ졣
ֱĹЦͣ˵̵ֻȡ
ǴҺܿͷ֣Լ͹Сˣ

Ϊֱ밲ƷƵװ

Сģأģؽһװվھͷǰ
ģؽѣչʾһԼŶ

СһŰɫСȹӵȹڣھͷǰת˸Ȧ

û˵򣬵һҪ򣡡
ǰŮһ󣬶꣬ĳӦǺʵİɣ
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ⳡֱֵ㿪̨Ľ׶һ¡

ֻǾôһͶҪϲˡ

мţ



һֱĪŰһ˻ѡ
ֵúϲ£졣
һֱõĪѾ۷ˣ˭֪˼ִµ۷塣
籾ͣ㶼ɸѡˣΪû취Īӡ

ٹãĪҪˣεĵӰǳŵýȥġ
ͬʱһսĿںŶӡ
㽫պȥĪ뿴һۣܡ
һΪԱϣع⣬һ㣬Ѿ㹻ˡǣѾ׶԰ˣСһ˵˼СҪָ߿Ρ滭ΡӾ֮ģԼҲԾԾԣ뱨ࡣ

ҪѧϰỳǺĪȤĿγ̣ͬʱϰ١
ǸģٲҪˣ



Īýʱ
һ磬ʰ

ỳһֻһֻǣ
ӣ̲סЦֳǣҲСʱľ룬ĩʱͰҡ

ỳ̾һ𣿡

ĪֻװҪ绰ιְ費㡣

ỳûЦͷߡ

ĪĽŲס
ףϷȵúŮֵúŮ֡

ỳǽŲһ٣ͷԼ۽֡
ϴ

𲻸˰ܿͻˡ

ỳ۾һ



ͷ

Ī۾Űһ㣬ס
ţż⣬Ĵһ¡

ỳסˡ
ԭƢأ

һ塣
Ī봽ǵЦˣҪٶͻȻ֮䣬ֻˡ

ǰİδġ

ĪС㣬鷳׶԰һˣӸ˴ˡ



ỳǺĪϵ׶԰ļٵ硣

ѵǸˣ
ӦòڲǣСŮܹɣǺѡ

Īʣ͹ỳһ첽԰칫ȥ

ҲǵĽŲ
֪ΪʲôԺкȻðһЩֵľ顣
ԭ飬ûꡭ

ʱ԰칫һĸС
һһţֻһ

ǣ֣һ𣬱ϻվʢԡ
Ƕ棬Ͽ޵õضɽҡ

԰һӣ԰Ϊ׵СѺǲǴˣ

ͬʱҡҡͷûۡ
ʢĹĵزҴ

ΪڲٳʱݣСѡʢԽͣݺøߣˤȥ˵ġ

԰Сһѹܵĺӣǲô˶ǲԵġǶС̣Ҳһһ

Դ˵ʱͰûаæ԰ʡ
ʢ԰ԴƲȥûС

԰һʰǵʱڸʲô

˵Աѽ




59.  59   ǳ

갲˵Ļ, ԰ǳ˳顣
ҪģȻǰСŮ֪̬ԡ

ڰ, æûд˵ġҪȲʵ, ôܲæأǶòСѣܲչеʱͷҲصߵɣ

Сǣվԭ, ãؿ԰һ޹

԰һô˶ǲԵġ

Сܺۡ

ͬѧСѣǲõʾ, Ӧøʦ, ʦ֪ͨ衣֮, ؼңú԰˵

˵ϴ, Ҳû
ͷ絷⣺ѽѽ

費ᣡʢһӹ̵ܽģ, ˻ԼСȭͷ

Ӳ, ʢ׵С, 촽, ޵øˡ

԰㱻Ǹƽȥ, ϸ۴޵ӣһͷʹ֮˲ԣǲȭͷ⣬Ҳڱ壬һ۸Сѣ֪ûУ

е, ȫףƶǶص˵ͷ
ͰˣѵͷˣҲӦһ

԰пο
׶ҵʮľ鿴СŮȷʵСкҪɡ

´λ𣿡԰º͡

һۡ
Сѵͬʱ򣬶ûг峺Ĵ۾η
֪ˣ´λҡ

԰һͷ
ǰ޵һһĸϣֿԾʢԣ󿴿Ѿȥݵİ̲סԼ̫Ѩ

ʱǵļҳˡ
ỳǺĪð칫ŵģһܵԼĺǰһ

ûУ
۸𣿡

ѯʺӵ̧֮ͷնرʾԼҵĺӾԲܡ

԰һǣˣûдܣֻһֽкöѡ

ỳǺĪ뽻һһʱ֪˵ʲô
ղŰˣǱǸкӲҪ˴ӻȥĻʢбͣûʲôԡ

´βҪˡ˼˼ؽ˺ӡ

Ȼ趼ô˵ˣ˳ص˵ͷ
һҲϵرʾ֪ˡ

СŮôˡ
ţʢ̫̫Ҳˡ

ʢ̫̫ںӵĽ򵥴ֱûѧκŵԼøôô̡˵ʢԽѵһ֮ܺʲôû˵¶ζ

ʢҵĺӣǷҪȭͷ˵Բܱ˴ÿޱӣ㱻мҳҲܵһ

֣֮󣬿޵ñǼͨĸϣһֿۣ֮ʼͷۡ
ʢ̫̫ĿʱһĨӵ
Ÿôʱ䣬ôܲʶʢҡУʢ̫̫ϵģǹỳǺĪ룬ˣڽĿпء
Уɵ磬Ůѡ

ȨƣǵĶ֡Щ˲֪Ǹˣ֮£ǲ𣬵

ԲһЩ飬ҶӲ̫鷳ˡһȥ֮һúýٵƤˡ

羪ȵؿ֣һۡ
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֣ѵǸ֮¾ȫˡ
ʢ̫̫ҲǲˣԼӵ֣Ҳ˵һԲ

Բ̵°һųһߡ

ߡ֮ʢԻ˫ַڱ󣬴Ӹ߹ûбһۡ
ϵĲ

֣ЦΣûϵģС

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֣ѴŸһ԰칫

԰ʼĵ˵ϵ⡣
⺢ӱ軵ˣԸԣһʲô˳ĵľҪ󺰴У˯ʱҲʦС˯ţ͵͵ܵٳ棬üΡ

֣ѹӣӣҲӡ
԰Ļ˿ûвÿѧڣҪôߵѧѣʦӵģ԰Щ鷳¶

ʢǰѧѧû죬ͺͼ˺ܶìܡʹˣȻƤǱˣ϶Ǽ۸ӣԿȥ˲ų֡԰˵ʦѾ˺ܶˣȥ¡

԰֣ѴĻԸת𣿡

ϺʢԵìܣѾŵúܡСӲ֪أҪǸһСģʢˣʢ˿϶Źĸ
ѾһˣԼΣС

üת༶ɣղǸҽΤʦͦãɲüȥİ༶



ʢ̫̫˾ﻹкܶæСڴкȻȥˡ
׶԰ſڲͣỳĪߣԼȥ

վĪԣߣʵڲ֪˵ʲôѽŲ

С֣ǱıСһ㣬ʦĴ»ؽҡ
ղŴ֮ǰȫСκڲٳĻʱ䣬ڱ԰֮ɻˡ
ֱСѲʶ治ãʱˡ

ڹսǴҪֿˣᡣ
ΤʦС࣬ڰ֣ѧŶӵʱټѽ

Ҳڰ֣һؽҡ

Ҳǰöѽ˵
ʢ˵ҰѸϴߣˣͰѰ

̫˵
ʢԿصͷԺҵĶСˣ

һĻ粻ʧЦ
䣬ЦͷضĪĿ⡣

һΣĪĿ֮ǰڽĿвһ
䵭ģҲ˿ûдŷ

ԥһ¡
ʵѧУʱĪûУìˡ
ǺڽĿУҪĪȶȣżŭ˶Է

ڣһжȥˣĪûкƽϡ



ڶһ磬׶԰ʢԺһԾ
ıǸˣǣûб

Сȥʦ

ΪʲôҲת༶Ͼأʢʡ
ΪתУɼתֻǰ༶˵

С죺ʦⲻƽѽ

̲סЦˣС㣬֪ʲôǹƽʲôǲƽ𣿡

Ȼûаǵɴһ⣬ԺʵתͷԼ

ԣҲСȥ𣿡
ǺãҰСȥˣ˭Ҵȥأ

һŶ

⣬ʵǽˣֻý׵Ժˡ
һߣСࡣ

ϴһɫĳͱ㣬ͷԺ󣬿Сˡ
Ϊʦյ༶ʱʵƬ̣ܿͿʼˡ
ǳʱŰѱеĲݮõԼ֮ǳ緹ʱԲˣ⽫Ƶϡţ˯ʱֻ̧̣ø߸ߵģͬѧĴ塣

СѣüͷҪšˡ
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ֹɵİʵڿȥˣüξָ״
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ǸˣӢһʼеģϴŵʡʵһεǣӰϷ¶ӣĪǳģĶٴΣֻǸÿһƬӦðյһ

أʽ״̬С
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ͬʱҲϳˡ
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ӦԼУٱơ
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үҧضҪȥʢѾ֣Ǳ˵ǷˣӲдû취
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ǹʵûסЦĪ㣬Ҫʱ䣬ؼһ˰ɡ

Īһ¡
԰Ӿ鿪ȥҲСʱҵĳ̣ڸϻؼңܿϴСء

ãҲ˳ȥ衣Ī˵߰ɡ

ڣ
ԣڣ

ǹɵˡ
ǵĪһֱǺܵģôͻȻһһˣ

Īͺкߣϻ顣
˵ʹӦµĻٻҲû⡣

ĪЩ顣
ʲô¶ûУֻ밲ˡ

˸ǹ׼һ¡
ǹ򿪱ķĳţʱҴܹ

Ī룬ҿԴĳһȥ𣿡ʡ

ϻϷɫ԰ף鼱С
ôˣĪʡ

һûϵˣղŴ绰֪ӷˡ˵е㵣ģȥһˡ

ã߰ɡĪæ˵

򱱳ʻȥɫ𽥰ܿ͵ϣ·ҲѾ˴롣
һֱһ⣬ļ
Ī밲ο䡣

׶԰ûõĺӣرżиðգ⡣
ֻΪ裬ĺǲܵġ

ߵ㣬Ī˾Ȱͻؼҡ
³ʱл綯ſˣѸ³

ղڳʱԼѾͻӳֿˡ
Īһ˴ӵѴٴο

ҹĻ£ԱţӰǻҵġ

Ī㣬ȥ𣿡ǹʡ

Īóֻһ£ȸ绰

֪ӣʱ򶼴үү̼ҡ
Ҳ⣬Ƶ绰һͨĪͿүӼϤװ޷

裡绰СӶŵ绰ֱ¶ЦЦĶҪˡ

ỳǴչĪ֮󣬴ҲЦ⣺ղ˵裬ˡ

Īע⵽Сӵ˫°ϣء

裬ʲôʱܻѽίͰ͵ʡ
ѽĪЦһæ깤ͻˡ

衣Сӵͱ˱

ĪС˺һ
ڸʻλϵǹõԲ۾̫ˣҪǱ˿ŻС

ȵĪҶϵ绰ǹʵĪ㣬㶼Ҫˣô߰

ϲĪһ

һ·Īڴ
ȲżϲСģ̲סЦ

ķͣڹ˼ſڡ
Īٴβͨ绰

һΣڵ绰԰˵һ£ſڡ
Ӱʱѧģ

ཡཡཡ

Ƶ绰һһĪߡ
òףСӽˣСе㴭ż裬ڴƹۣ

ĪЦˣȥ
˼С԰ŵƣЦ

ƹϷˡ
ߣѰŰӰֱĿƹߡ

ỳǺ͹үһһߣлģڼ鲩ġ

һСľͰ԰
ܵ𾢣ˮķ˿մڶͷϣ۵áꡱģϵЦһ̶ûʧ

Ī뿴ɵˣȷӦ֮۵Ҳ޷ɢЦ⡣
òΪڡƹɡ
λְֿӱˡ

ˡվԭأЦź

СӶ˶䡣
ͻȻ֮䣬С԰ˡ

ͣ½Ų̵תͷĪʱԴ
һ̣ӵ۾һӾˣ裡

ǡ顱һ죬ỳǽķ¡

үӴ𾢣ؿСͯˣԼĶҲˡ
ǸŮĪķɱȥ

үӣ
ôˣ




61.  61   ﲻ̫Ծ

裡裡

СӵŴɰ, һһģýĪĵסҹϷڻ·Щƣ, ڣеƣɢˡ
ͬʱ, Ŀڹỳǵϡ

͹үӴƹʱ΢, ζķ࣬ɾһ̣ر, ɢɹâһ㡣
Ů

һ˲, ĪͻȻ, ֻΪǾϲЦصػһ, ֵõġ

ûˣĤӿ߳, ĿСԺʱ, ǿĪϸӰ
, ỳǴȥ, §ڻС
Сڱϱ, һԸûһأôðְȱ

һڽӵǾñطꡣʵϣǷֿһܶʱѡ
֪ΪʲôһĻ, ӷᡣ
ĶӡϱŮСڣǵСͥлϲҸôһ㣬׻ˣһжü

үģٿһڵķˡ
ǸŮ治ˡ

үӽķ£ʰģԼϰʪۿ

ްүż˵

ֿ˿۽ǣû£õҡ
ޣ򰡣˵


ǵͷҶء

ҿỳҵҪȻܺĪͰ˵

үĲ
ôˣ
ҲѰͦõģ

һĹ˼С԰֡
ڴƹ
үӸͲһǴɱģ⧲ֻ棬飬־һӾðˣĤһڵؽս״̬

һߣСŰڸܴк

С˵ҪؼĪЦ
Ҫ˵СỳҲڶСһ

ֻǰҡҡͷһشյСϡ

ɡɡ˵ֻöɡ

Ī뱻Цˣ־һСӵıǼ⡣

ҹĻУڹỳǵĻУؿáСܶԻİϴšһ֡
ʱǱûͣãʡ



һң˯С䡣
Сǿյģʱע⵽Լķŵơ

緿ڵһĴ󴲣ϣڱû˯ֻգ۾ᣬһ£ԼСĲûκ

ͷһæǰӱڻأ

ûһ裬ϲ§֡

ϴ衣

ӷǳϺ̣ǲ¼ƣҲܸоõСǸ¯һ㣬¶ð

ͷû¶ȼƣź˺þã֮󣬱أʮŶˣȥҽԺ

ٶȸ·ҪȥҽԺ
ſˣһԡ¶ƮǼ⣬ĸ߳һ£ôˣ

裬ճ㶼һ𣿡ʡ
ʲôһ¾֪ˣԹҩˡĸһʱ䣬ĵԵġ

Ŵˡ
ﳣͯҩҩǺҳԵģõȺյʮ˶ϲιĸֻһ̽ȷյʲô̶ˣ

ֻڣûʱĸôࡣ

籧ȥĸ״˯һ޷ҲĲ
һ⳵ϵҽԺ

ͯҹкܶˣҪŶӣһСʱȵѪ֮ڱźҽǰ

ͨԸðķȣҽҩڷġ
ؼҵ·ϣѾ˯ˣرźӣֱϳ⳵ܻһ

ĻǱȭùһۣۿų⳵ƼϵԽԽҲž
Ǯˡ

òףŵ˼ңǺñӡ
ӵı΢΢ͷҲڲˡ

ȵëΪպС֣ϴĸ߶

˵ͱȥϷˣˣܻأҶ˵ˣȦܻܲǿ
Ҳ˵ջСӷֵˣǼҶƲˣǸҲֲʲôôձ˼ͷϿ϶żǮѺӸǣԼȥҸ˼˰ɡ
ҲͶʮ꣬Լ׸Ưˡ

裬˵ˡüġ

ĸ㵱ҲۺӰö˶һӣҲȥ⺢ӳ֮ҲǸ·ߡúʲôãĻ

۾һ֮˵裬ȥɣҪ˯ˡ

ȵĸȥˣҧס´
ҸģԭķУӹúܺá



һߣ֣ѺԿȫ׼

ǰֵӣԿЩ꣬Ҳʲôɹƭ¶
˳ζͶ˴յһ𣬺ϼһ֮Ҫһġ

˼ҼҴҵĪǴǣͷòǮ˭óǰѰñʲôҪҪܰѺӰߣвǸǮǲܲ
ڱ֣һ㶼ġʧȥӣòײʧãĸðգѣʲôֻҪԹԸǮѺӻأֵãôܲôأ

򣿡ԿüɫôЩǮˣͷϵʽ٣ֱҪǧ򡣡

֣ѵһ
ʨӴ󿪿ˡ
е㺦£ǵȻعֶ֮һʾ޿Ѳѡǧܱ°뱲ʳǣӽҲҪȥǮˡ

Ӧò°ɣ֣ʡ

ǰʶĸǣ͸ɹ£о顣Կ˵
֣һԥо飬Ҳץȥ𣿡

ԿһǰǺ»ģʲô£
һǳ⣬֣ѻסˣ״ֱºͣҺҸ˵ˣʱ߽ͺӵˣҩסͣŪֱ֮Ӱ׶԰ſģҶרעԼҵСضоˣä֣ûġ

֣ѿȻأ

Կ˵Լȫ̼ƻ
óȷǺģһвܲգо飬ʱ׼Ӧò¡

֣һ

ʵںӼҳ֮ǰֱӽ׶԰˴ߡ˵Կ̧ۿ˿ϵķ䣬֣ʹ˸ɫ˵ģûУ

֣ѺԿһ߽ϵķ

ϣûõĽͿ

ǾͶ׶԰׶԰һÿӵ϶һƣÿ糿Ҫڻˢһ飬¼¡⽡ƺͽͿͨõģҲ˵ֻýˢҲܽ׶԰

ûСſڵߡ

㡪ԿɫһӾͳ
֣ؿڣϷŹϣʱȱõͿҲûáʦʶǣ϶ߣȸӸĸ绰ȷʱʹˡ

Կü׶԰ôôࣿ

ͰղŵļƻɣȺȱҳӳȥԷ֣ѶУԼôףֻһӣ㿴ˡԺҪһֱദȥģͶ
ʲôһֱദȥԿܵһɣǧ֣Զ߸߷ɣѺ֡㲻˵ˣֺۺ𣿡

֣ѳĬƬ̣ûнĻղ̽ѣȻԸϸϣǾˡ
ҲϣԼϰס

΢΢תԼĸס
Ϊɣڵ֪ѻ飬Ժʱصӣ˵ǲ֣ͺϾŮϵ
֣ѹôû뵽֮үӾ浱ҲûŮˡ

ϻСʱүӺ
룬Լ뿪֮ҲĲչ˺ӡ
ҪԺסãֻҪƽҲ͹ˡ¸ϣѾ࣬Ƿġ

ġ֣˵

ԿЦˣץĺ󾱣קԼǰһڡ
ӻû˯ء֣һ䣬УҪǰ˵ܵ£ӴˣҲ֪ܲ

ڷ͸ۻǧԿ˵

Ͻš
ţȴʲôףſȥˡ



֣ȥ׶԰ſڶ׵ü졣
Щ죬Ϊ˱˶ĿԿһֱڳֻһ绰Ϳʼж
Ȼ֣ûеȵֵĺʱΪÿһ죬ǹỳӰġ

֣ҽڽүүȴùỳû취һھпⳡ϶˳ᢵˣôܱ׺Ū
ǣֻܵȡ

ְָתѧòã ỳǽӵ
Ϊʲôۣɻʡ

ỳǲ֪ô͡
鵽ˣǸӡ
Ѿ˷̫ķˣֻһ뵽͸Ķһ׶԰ͬѧỳܾûΣ

׶԰ԡСعϡСɫʧְ֣תѧ
ȥ׶԰֮Ҳܽµѡỳ˵

СϸģܴӴ˵пʲôʲôû
ʱŰְȻᣬȴ쳣ᶨ飬ͷʲô

СȲμջ𣿡

ỳһ¡
СĵһѧٹþҪˣÿѧĩջݣ԰еĴͳ
Τʦ׼˽Ŀһ̨磬Сʮ˸ӶҪμӡеСݹӣеСӣеݻľ֮Ҷʱ䣬÷ǳ棬мҳȺ˵ԼСҪഩһЩ·һСĸðͻݡ

ỳ֪Ҳǳڴⳡݳ

μ𣿡 ʡ
ͷְ֣ջݽȥ׶԰𣿡

СӲ޲ֵùỳ޷ܾ
Ƭ̣Ӧá

̫ĵ˵ְֺһұ𣿡
Ȼġỳüչϳɡ

Ϻȫελãϵϰȫ
ԼأСӳعӣ̽С֣Źϡ

ỳѹѹŵλãȷѾʵ֮תͷ˸绰ȥһ¡



һ¹ȥˣ밲׶԰ջݵԽԽƽ˾

ڵ˻ᣬȥСŮˡ
ױǰͷãԹүӇNɪĽɣ

үбһۡ
Ҳ֪ỳڸʲôʮ춼ȥӰ칫˾Ҫٿ»飬ỳǲȱϯŸһᡣ
ڼʯͷүˣûسһۡ

ǰ̣һɣٴҰȥʳҳϲԵģװ

һ·ϣãֱվ׶԰ſŶʱԾɹЦݡ
磬׶԰ſڵ˻࣬ͷҪóֻһ°׶԰Ŀɰģʱġ

̡

֣ѶһЦݣһ
һۣ𣿡

ҲС𣿡֣Ц˵ҶСģŮأ

ЦŮҲСģС
˶٣ͻȻʵô֪ҼŮ

֣ѵǽһ¡
ð֮˵ҺһΣǰ̶ƽʱְӵİɣ

ͬӺӵģ֣Ѳû̫ķֻҲǼ˭ҪԸȱȱŰԼ֮ķӦ

֣ѵͷһ
׶԰ſŶʱ̫͵̺ţǶǳ̸޲ýԼļҵ׶ͳܡû뵽ȴ
ȥһô֧߶Է

֣ѳƬֻ̣ŵͣԿһϢҺ㲻

Ǳߺܿͻظˡ

ǾӲġ



ѧֻʮˣԼλѩƬ
ǰ༶ÿѧǰıرѩƬһгϡɳۡ

г
гģ

г˵

СһĻĸϣվ
Ͱѣȥһ档
ͻȻ֮䣬ĽŲסˣÿѧ֮ǰҪǼҵĵˡ
ϲʲôǵˣֻ֪˼ǰİְְֻز˼ҡ

ϾͰˣһתͷҪصԼλϡ
ֻһСģײںˮĳ²ܡ

²ܵˮﻹкܶˮҪһȽȥû뵽һײˮʪ·Ǻһӡ

²ܿ˺þãȵǺˣȥ̸״

һ˵ϣֵƤˣ

ϴסˣûС
Сˮûд·ҪǸðô죿˵ϣ̫ˡ

ͷһָ𣬸һӾƿ̣ûУ

˵ûУ

ϱֱվԭأȼŭ
ץסСѵǸʱССо޴š

ΤʦС컨Ѿһúˡ
Ϊʲô

ϵۿ˲ˣ̺ͳ²ܡ

ΤʦҲˡ
̽ղŷһи

Τʦü΢΢š𣺡ϣ˺ѵġ
ҲŲҪʲôѣ˵

ʦӣѩƬİ֡
ôˣΤʦ߹ȥ͡

ҧأֻСȭͷ߬
׶԰ԺҲҪˡ

Ȼߵʱһ

ʦϲǹġ

Τʦһʲô
ҲػعͷãȻ

˵ϲǹģҺ𿴼
ͷ絷⣺ѽǲСĵģ

Τʦתͷ̡

˼ҸղŻΪɫΣʳ²ܣϲǹ𣿡
²ͷҲ֪

ΤʦǸϣʦûи״
Ҳ˵ԲҸղˡϣҪ̵𣿡

ϻûлعͷ򰲰
СŮֿʼѩƬˣ·ʲôûһ㡣

Τʦ̶ڸϵǰϵرԼǸ⡣

߻صʦͰ̵ɿСȭͷ

ȵø֮Τʦ̵ﶼζ
һΣȷʵ⣬ΪԸϴһƫŻڸ¼Ե֮ǰ϶Ĳԡ
ӻҲǴеġܺӡΪʦӦúúýǲ׵س

ϾѾڸıˡ



׶԰ſڵļҳԽԽˡ
Կ֣һʲôùܣһнǡ

ԿͬȺ˵㡣
³ʱѾ֧˾һСֱӴźȥǰС԰ˣ
õʱ

Կóͬʹ˸ɫ

Сһ㡣Է˵

ԿͷϿ֣ӳ
վ·棬Ŀϣ־롣
Сһ˲ǣŻǱźӣĶ֡

뵽ǧԿݣͳһ̵ϣصȴ



׶԰û¿ĵ㣬ͯĶ
źöӳš

ϸڰЩŤŤġ

ͣ½Ųͷϣʲôѽ

ϵͷСǰսҪš黨
ԥ˺þá

˵ĵˡ
ǵôأ

Сһȫͬѧˡ

ŶӣĿĵؿ׶԰⡣
Ȼ֮䣬Կ
ݺݵس̡

ʶأڼʱ˵Щ
͵ˣֻǲ⡣

ҳһһˢˡ
֣ɫţĿͣڰϡ

Ҳˡ
Ű֣߰ɡ

׶԰⣬Կͷϣݺݵزһš

ջĿ⣬ðһ亹
֣ѼߵԼǰʱԱϵİС֪ʲô˼𣿡

Դ֪ۡ
Ҳ֪һߵԿͺܺ¡
ܿ϶Ǻ£Ϊ˵ˣֱסͣһȥ

ã۵ġ

СѵǸˣҪץ㡣

գգ۾ֻ˲һͣԭزˡ
ҪץɲҪȥ

ô˵ǰͷҡɲ˹ġ
׶԰ȫˣǾԡԲ뿪ģ

ΤʦȰһȻ˵Ҫְ绰



ԿѾʼͷ
οֻϵʱ䣬üһĨַؿһ
ģСүһĺӣɱķţûɵߡ

ԣߵǰʹˣ˾һļ١

Կ˫ֲ嶵ʢԵķ֮Ŀ׶԰ζԸ뿪İ
ʱȫûע⵽ԼĲԶͷԼ

ǹỳ÷ŵıڡ
ǰбµʱ䣬ֱڣŵһηпĹ۲ӡ

ޱضһۣһ΢΢ס
һ˱ỳǲ˸绰ﲻ̫Ծ




62.  62   ԭǺúӣ

, ϡ֣ѾŸϳ׶԰š

ߵÿһĿⶼ׷Կûע⵽󰲰ǱߵĶ, Ҳ֪ղԼĶڰ˵һ
Ÿ뿪׶԰֮, Ͱԭƻһ⳵, ǰԼĸ׼ҡ
⳵ʻ·ϣ֣һ

֣֪ԼˣҲȷʵû顣һ, Կ, Ȼԥ, ʵҲڴġ̶̼£Ѿ˿, ֻƴһˡ

, ȥʡ
֣ѳƬ, ŸϵС, ˵ȥ⹫ҡ

һ, ϲԲ۾
Ѿܾûм⹫, Ժж⹫ļѾģһطƬʱ⹫ǰ۰Լ
һֻĺӣǺܼ򵥵ģϲ׷ϲԼ⹫ΪʲôͻȻԸǼ, ֻ֪Ҫȥ⹫ңֱ̫ˡ

һߣ׶԰İ˵ʲôԸ̻ؼҡ
һʼΪСһϰ˰ְӣ̱㿪ʼСƢǺսһʣ˵Ļһ㶡

̣ҪץСص˵Ҫ

ԣܡǺңԶġѼĺǣû顣ʶ֮䣬ûӣֻʵû뵽һС㣬Ȼô˵߾Ͳߣ˿ûء

СǼˣСȵվԭأգ۾ȴְԼ
ڰУڰְȫģΪֻܱھϷһʱ᲻ֻ֣ܵŰְˡ

ʵðû취ԼӴ˸绰ȰȰ
ͨ绰ֻһܿͱͨˣỳͳ裬Ҫ㡣ȲҪţ׶԰ſǸɫƤп˵ûУ

ܵỳеľأһӾˣҲڶҿ

ʱ䣬˾شڶţǵģûиǡỳ˵裬ڻᱣǣûǴźҸȫĵطţҪ

ĿɿڴûعѾͷỳǷӵĲ£ͣ˶»顣

ǻ׶԰ܰȫ˵
ʱ̲סֿ˰һۣСŮôôܸأΣȻ⺢Ӹˣ

֪ỳǱ߻᲻ᱨҲ֪ڶʦ˵ʵ㲻ݾߣ˶ӵģû
˸ڣʦȰְ֣쵽ˡ

Τʦ˵ͷûкӷѧ֮԰ĹأԸʹźˡ

ŶʦȥæΤʦ˵һתؽ׼Ĺ

ڵλãмСѡ
ǵİְ豾Ҫӵģæ·ٵˣǸԼ༶İΣżȴ

һСŮŰƬ̣ڻûסʵ˶ˣΪʲôؼѽ

ͷΪҪѽ

֪ʲôǰ𣿡Сʡ
СŮɻˣܡ֪ѽǰ𣿡

Ҳ֪С
ֻ֪κпΣյ£

ܺ棬Ҫ֪⺢ΪʲôĲԸߣջסˡڿɲǺʱŰͬʱͷɫƤп˵ˡ

ԿѾʧȥġ

ѹ֣Ѳȥһ绰

˴𣿡֣ʡ
ǸСûԿ˵ҺѾ׼ˣܱţ

֣һ֣ôأô죿
ԿĿѾߵСڵʢϣͶ׶԰СͷǷǸҲһġ
ɡ֣ҧҧ

ôˣԿ䡣
ûС֣Ѱһᣬȥˡ

ȹҶϵ绰֮ԿŲԶСϵͬʹһɫ
ԷųԽȺϡ

Ҳһۣ漴ŲһβԶľ롣

ʢûɵš
·ˡ
˾ˣΪʲôأ

רŸչʢԵıķ밢˵ԹԣǸϽߣܿ͵ˡ㿴̫࣬гһӣкܶճˣǴؼҲһġ

ʢСһ㳤̾һ

Կ߼ӿڴͳ
Скžŵӣټϱϱķ˵˾ԿļƻǽӰߣ֮ϵҳһʴģͬǮ֮Զ߸߷ɡȻҲûǹǷţͬзḻľ飬²һᱻ֣㱻ˣֲûΣʲô

Կͷ˶ӣ첽ǰҪסʢԵͽһѱߡ
Ȼ˭֪ʱһ۵

ţԣͻȻָָʢԵķ򣬻δ䣬ѾСȣǰԣԣ

죬밢̻عͷؿֻԼһ׵Կ
ۿŶԷɷģеһʶһ

Կʱú̧ס밢̵Ĳӣ죡

Żˣԭء
밢̵Ĳӱţѣ֣ʾʢԸϽܡ

ʢĻ֪ܡ
ԭ¸ҵСкʱۿʪԼֵġعⲨˣݺݵԿ

Կɿ֣һѽ밢ƿתҪʢԱ
˭֪һ£˴ݺһš

ֲףĹͽڵء
Կѹڵ棬ϴϵСʯĥŭҪվ

һߣԵͬӾҪ뿪ǣȴʻ

ʢԺǣ֣ؿš
ĸֵɶ

ܣܰ

ʢԻûع
֣ۣ

ԪСŮȣʢܵ÷ɿ죬ܵСǺ졣
ֻܵ·ͣ½ŲѾץסʲôѽ

ʢطӦЩãȻ
밢Ҳվ֮æǰû°ɣ

̡ʢԵһ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ѿͿ
߿ޱ̧ͷ밢̵ĲӣһƬĺӡӣżˣ޵Сڲ

밢Ѿչʢˣ֪⺢ӵƤƽʱһ㶼û뵽ôһ̫ԵСѣڹؼʱ˹Լ
һʱ֮䣬ıҲˣһղŷ£Ӻ¡

밢λڵлֶ˵лл㣬Сѣʲô֣һҪ̫̫ղŶ㡣
Щ˼ûаæܻѽ

ǽӵỳǵı绰֮ġ
ʱͬʱԿץסǵϡ

Կм尾ʱ⣬֮ǰ˵汻ץҲν浽һʼˡ
ʲôûôͻȻͱץˣ
ղŽſµģ

ҵ£ʲô֪Կţ֣ѣܵġ

ⷬһµʡ
ܡ
ԭܾץС

ȣʢҪԵ¶ܶ࣬Ѿɵˣ޵ʱĿھ;찢̵ϡ
֮µС;찢̴űͦƯƷ

һ̣ʢԵȼĳݡ
ԭҪȰö֮࣬ҪˣҪ壡
뵽תͷλޱıڡ

С˼
Ҳʲôģ

ỳϾ˼򵥱¼֮ҴҸȥӰ
ղſŵɪɪʢԣοһɵ뵽һеǰӿ϶ҲẦµġ
Ȼ·֮ǰѾ׼һ룬ỳԾ¡
ʧȥԲʧȥһˡ

ỳǴҴ׶԰ȥ
еģСŲӣŵСһӡû뵽ԶԶأڸݺջݵĽĿ

ӵı츳̫ߣǱص¹ģֻСѵ̨粻ҪʲôݼҡͷԵӣѾͯȤʮˡ
̲סЦеĻſ־Ҳɢ
లСԴǰݣүү̿𣿡

ľֻܾ̣С½Ǵ˴꣬˵ֻƱ

׶԰ݳֻܹÿСѵҳڵĺӶǼıΧתҶҪүү̺⹫ˡ

СΪѵģЦˣ̸㿪Цأ̺Ҫȥ裬Ҳæ

һ
ûʧ̫

ʵ벻ףһСѣôôḻıأһЦһΪ޹һСؿڣ¶Ȼģ
̲סСѾͷ̾ݳʲôãֻǣΪʲôҪô

գգۡ
ݵĽɫô

ʱһͳ



Сһͷְ֮Сһ㣬˹ȥ
ỳǽסοûû£ȫˡ

Сڰְֻ

һ㶼ģְֻ֪ģ



֣ϽʦһڼҲţʱھӼҵСѸΡǮΪ˴ʱ䣬ֻʱھССʱҲԼӡ

Ѿкܳһʱûˡ
֣ӣȥŮĿҵץúܽǰһֱĽ

֣Ѹºӵʱסŵģһӣ֣ÿ춼ڵġʱ֣ƭ˵ԼԷʵڳ鲻ᾡϻл֣ȻЩɣŮģֻ߶󲻿סΡ
Ӽ´ʱ֣ѰȥסˡŮˣԼ֣סżȥֻ̽һ̽еԾˣ֣Ѳݲ٣ѹûϰࡣ
ɼˣ֣ϻлǮ뱣ķչ˺ʱнҲǳ󷽡

֣ɫʵڰûʲôôɣһȥ̽СʱŸָϴĻ䣬˰ء

֣벻ԼŮƻ˼ͥ£´Ҫ͸Ͼһ
֣ʧҲûϵ

ǰš
֪Ϣ֮үӵû֣ΪԷźֿģʶ
ԭ⣬֣޷ܡ

꣬һֱ룬ԼôὫŮ̳

֣ʦšдҵھӼСѡ

֣عȥš
û뵽һ򿪣Ǹϡ

֣һ漴ϵ
ӵûˣվ

үӵӿǧ
Ӷôˡ

⹫غ
֣ӷᣬЩʣϻǵ⹫

⹫飬ڲɪǰһ

סңҪæС𣿡

ԣԡ֣Ͻ֣ݡ

ǰļ䣬ѾģˣڸϿԼһطƵġ
شΧЩš

˵⹫סܳܳһʱ䡣
ϲ֪ҪסãҺã⹫ǻӭԼġ



֣Ѳ͸棬Ϊÿһ棬ͻᱬ޿ɱѹ˵һȥ
ĸ׼̫಻ҪԭֱݵͣԾɻòô

ʲôãͬŮͬѧߵĲûУǳ࣬һֱȦпԼӰൽҹЩ˵ģͲһˣǶӣÿѲϣͿʼ

֣Ѳƴֻˡ
ǰǸԿ
Կ˶Σ͸һһӴͺݾܴԼϺӡ

֣ڳⷿĵصȣȴԿԼ绰
ȥš

ѾˣֻҪõǮǾͿ뿪С
ɹ

֣ϲش򿪷ţվģȴλƷľ졣

ڻһܰйأһˡ

֣ѴסˣǵЦһɢ
ܰ
Կץˣ

ҵ£һֱڼҡ֣ʶ˵

ԿѾˣһ߻ܰǹ

֣˫ȷŵؿλ졣
ԿѾˡ
ôᣬô᣿

˵õҪһأ

֣п־壬ֱϾԾûƽ
Ű󣬽Լȫ֪飬ֻһ̣᲻κáˮǷ۵׵һ׺ۣʧǵؿ򳵴⣬ϣӳԼǱǵģ

ô

뵽ܻᷢһУ֣ѲԾط



ϣ֣Ӿе֪ŮΪ
ûѪҺ·̼ͷɿűϵĸϣֻ⻹ǸӣãӵһԸĸԼٳ£ӾҲûչˡ

֣Ÿȥ˾֡
֪µǰ֮ϵĸϣСòҰס

֣źӵ֣¡

һҹ˯ò̤ʵ
֣ڿźӵĽ
ӣҪҵȫչˣӽһǸĸͬˡ

ŹʿȥATMϿһۡ
˼ݹʸߣƽʱҲֻǳԸ˶ǮټϽʮĻ㹻һˡ
˺ϵĽԼȥѧ˸绰ѯ׶԰
ѧһ˵֪ԭ׶԰ѧѺܸߣǹȥǮһѧڿˣܿҪѧѵʱû취׶԰ķá

֣תѧͨ׶԰ȥ
һ٣źӱ߰

һ·ϣ϶ܰ
֣Ųףʵϣôˣ

һֱͷ
Ҳ֪˶ãָ׿ģʣ⹫Һε𣿡

죬ˣΪ
ϲԵɣǲΪ˵ȥˣô⣿

֣һ𾪣ôô룿
ȵӦ֮˼Ҵӣѹͷ̧

̧ͷȦͨ졣

ܣǹҪܵɵƲáôˣû翼һ𣿡
Լ͵Լеκ˺ġ

ƶǶ

֣̾һ
ں˵ļ䣬ֱ֮󣬶ͻ
ģһּܹϣ

ЩҪ˵Ļϲ

ϲţض⹫

ǸСѽаǰɣ㱾¸߰ʹ֣ǲᱻģ˵ϲͰҪϡ
ֻǺԼ̫̰ˣֺ˺ıСӣɴ

СӣСӲʲô
Դ˼⹫˵Ļ

Ҫϵġ
¸߰ǶԵġ

úܺãΪĿС˰ܣ԰¸ȷľ֣οͷϳ󣬻һúӡ

ϵСֱ

ǳ󣬡֣˵ڵļϾѾǸúˡ

գգ۾ˮСĵ
ֱԼᡣ

⹫˵Ǻúӡ
ԭǺúӣ



һתۣ˵һѧĩ
ĪæĿǰĵӰҪɱ࣬˫ǡҲӳˡ
ӦҪ׶԰ݳۿӵıݣͱҪ

̨µĪ룬̨ݳСǣڴСຢǵĵǳ
һĿ֮󣬴ССװλŻͲܡ

ССǣ
Ҫһ̨硪Сǡ

ͯĶ̨ɭĻ
ݳĺǣһһı̨

ỳǺĪæóֻҪ°һĻ

ֻֻͺѽעУÿһ鶼ôɰ˭ô
ͬʱֻ¡

İɡ
İɡ

ͬ£Ƕһֱۣ˴뵽һȥˡ

ˣǿݳȽҪĪ˵
ԡỳͬͷ

ǶˣСһʮ˸СѣһȱСĸϣҲû١

С𣿡Īʡ

ỳӡ
ˣԭĪ벻֪ʲôء

СĪ뿴ˣ˵ǹĺ𣿡

ỳǿһҡ

Īһ顣
ССӣǹĺѣҲɭֵֹСǡ
ǼҰ

ĪĪ۾ϸңÿСͣÿһףϤġ

أĪƹỳǣʵ

ỳûӣָ̨һҪûɭֱĻеӰ

Ī룺
Ķأ

ʱ̨ϵİڰһĢ

СӴĢͷףСҲĢ˸˷ˡ
ְ֪ų̂¿أ

ȻõͷףһҰְӰСӲô
վñֱһĢһ

ҵСĢ




63.  63   ¸ҡڵĹ

Сຢǵݳǳ, ûκһС˺ȡȫû¶СĢθУͷ, С黹ǺܷḻҡͷԵ, Ģɫ١
Ȼɫ, ֻаİְע⵽֪ĢҲСӰġ

ĿСļҳվƣỳǺĪҲ, ΪԼŮе
Ģô, ǼҰ̫ˣ

ȻıѾ, ༶Сǻų̂ỳǺĪ벻볡, ̫ûòˡΤʦչ˺úǣҲҪ̫ġ

ʱ̨, Τʦúźö顣
Ҫ¶СѶ˽ױ, ûлױ, ϵ, ԼĨ
ܴ, Լϣ˲䣺һ㣡

ΤʦһתͷÿİգЦۡ

Ƕڸղŵ̨Уһһ˷ܣǴС, ǲᣬһ̨ͺˡ
Ϊҵ϶ŻЦݣڽĸϾԵЩˡ

Τʦع۲ӡ
ƽʱڰ칫ңСһʦ⺢жܣ֪԰úת࣬ʱһͷ¹ܲĵһ죬ҲȷʵһʱСìܣһʱ˯ʱ͵ȥٳ֮Ϊ⺢ӣ˲

ŰССලԱΪʦȻͼԼɣðԼæҲֻǿϲ۸Сȥһԣû뵽ЧȻܺá
Ҳ֪Ķİ취Ȼ㶨˸ϡ
ĺܳʱ䣬Ӳˣ˵еƤʦͰ̵ĽܷΧ֮ڡ

ΤʦϲСѣŻѡʦҵЩӣϵĺܶ㡣ΪԺúúͺദ࣬û뵽ϵ⹫תѧ
үӵĿУ֪ϼ﷢顣

ǴģӵĸĸĴΤʦ󣬴ʱ˿̸ϵ飬Ƕôʧ
óԼѾ׼õֽݳСǽһ

ɫСֽںǵüġ
ʲôۣ
ΤʦÿθֽһʱǰģʱǴĴָʱǿɰС

㿴ҵľָָ֪Լֽ

Դ˿¶ĵЦݣС컨

СǷϧֽҲˡ
վ䣬ɽ
Τʦ

Լ½ǣصȴţֱΤʦߵǰ˺һöֽŵĲŻȥ

Τʦ£ֽΰѹüģݵС̫ˣʦһֽ

ϵǣһЦݡ

֮ǰǸֵ÷츲صĺӡ
ΤʦɬСԴϺܶ£Ժȥ˱׶԰ҪôŶ

Ϻٱ˸ĸ֮Ĵ˿ޣʦ˵Ļ˫ۡ
ʱɨСܹ

Ŵ
⹫˵꣬ҲѧŶˣԽְϷ¶ְֲȥ˲õ飬ܵɵƲáְĻ£˺

Ȼ⹫˵ĲǷĸĸϲûȫһС
ʱŰﻹǺΪ顣

ϴĿ˰һۣѸٵͷ
룬һǳҲԸԼˡ

ΤʦС𣬡԰ҵġС컨Ҳ͸𣿡
Ȼ԰Τʦ˵

סˣһҶ

̧С֣Լͷϵֽ˺˺СС컨ûճԡ
ȡֽһؿŸϵ
ͷѾˣͽֽճϣ͸

ɵɵؽԭء
ȵع֮۾ʱˣʶ͵С컨

Τʦֱ̯ۣ˸һġůӵ
˵õģС컨һҪúӡ

ص˵ͷ

ỳǺĮ̄ʱÿϵ⹫뿪
֣үúӺСǵ

Ī벻Ծض࿴˸ϼۡ
Ӱӵ֣û뵽ǸĶӡ

ϸ£͵ʱƭͯľ쾯ż˵زһһƵȲһˡ
ڸղţỳ֣ѺԿıܵİУȻδ죬֤ȴʵʵģǵܳһʱ䡣

͸˸֣εҪ԰֣ͬʱԸǸмġǸϽ֣Ҫܰ˵뿪׶԰бڶţҲǻᱻŵ

ʱỳҲŸϡ
óϵ⹫ûԭǨͺӵˡ
ںӻ⹫

ټӻС֡
Ҳ˰֣ټ

֣үӴŸ뿪
һͷЩᣬԼͷϵС컨ͺܶˡ

ܽȥ⹫ʦĻһúӡ



絽Ծֱ֪ʢԲͱܵ¡
ʢ̫̫ĺ룬صش绰˵ǻʢԵŵлķ̫Сˣ˼ţʵвͺͶԷţȥʢҡ

Ҷϵ绰ĸչ

ǼôæʢһôлǼңĸʡ
ûа˼Ҷæʢ̫̫֪ģǰְְŵıھʢԣҲûúܵ˺ʢҿ϶Ǹм˼ҵģƻ͹˼ϵģҾͲˡ˵

˭Ǽûϵĸڰ֣Ҿ֪Ǽһкô𣿡

ĸ֪ʢҵʢ̫̫ʢԲ㱻ܣʢҵıķ绰ԷʱһĺҲǹúܣһ֪Ҿ˵á
ҪһЩֻЩʲô綼ǰġĸõһۣתͷԼǰ

ĸµСЦԺȥʢңǸС档
ۣҵĺѡ˵

ĸʱֵúϲ£죺ҿܶӾ磬ССʱǺѣ֮ͳһԶˡʲôţˣ÷

裡شĸĻҪںǰ˵Щ

ʲôĸһۣʢҶõļ֮ͥ޹ȥͲٳԿˡ

ȥϴ裬ĸ⡣
úܿɰһ۵СŮʱӵСøӷ˵ģԽԽϲ̲סһ¡

ֻǲأ˸ղĸ˵Ļ
ʵϣԭ鷬У֮ȷʵǺʢߵһġ

ԭ鷬еݡ
Сʢһ棬÷İʢԣʢȴһֱûжġ
ʮ꣬Ϲһ֪赸ѧԺҵõһݳᡣΪʢҪѧ˼֮£ǷǴݳᣬһزĹ⣬˸Ȥרҵ
ڷУίΪԭŮΪ˰飬Ҳֵõġ˴֣ڵõҪİ飬Ȼʧȥҡ

ǹȥ磬ӦûΪŮеġڣѾôˡ
һֱԭߣŻԼһǱ
ôٿԼŮ֧䣿

ӦԼȰϷⷢȲŶԡ

ԭʢŵԣڻƲҲûкͻӳߵһӾͲ̫Ӵ

粻죬ڷеԸе񣬰ϣûĹǣе㵣ġ



ڶһ磬ʢڼС͡
֮⣬õ绰ֱ˵绰

Ѿ밢׼Сģھ͵Сˣ

ʢΣòףŵȵ
ڲǰĪڱһԷǣСȥš

Ī룬лл㡣ں˵ϣյʮŶߣҿĳϻؼңҲܼʱȥҽԺ
ʮŶߡĪһ죬û°ɣ

û£ҩˡ˵
ĪЦЦҲԣջϣһˣһ֧裬úܺá

һûһţ磬ȴڡ
ǰԲ뵽ԼĪվһƽ͵죬ϾԭУǵжԵľϵ

Ī롣ڡ

¾һ̣û취Ī롣
ǣһֱŲ˵ӹⲻȥ

ôˣĪͷ
ţһѿ˵ڽĿУ͹Ҫ£˵ȥġʦ̸Э£ԡ
ûͣʱħһ㣬ʹ£˵ĪˣƲǰԼ

֪ġĪ˵



˲鵽˵ipַ

ৡһ£øˡ
Բҡ

ûȥˡ
Ī뿪ʱͻȻԼ˵ͰԽԽˣ̲סЦ
ȥԺ᲻Ͱһ˵ʲôҪһۡ
Уÿƣ

ĪЦʱ΢΢һ
ͷʯ¡


ʢ۵𣬽ţ̤ŰЬĶ

ʢ̫̫ҲӭĪһݡ

ǵһʢԼңŵιۣһȡ
ط̼һҪƯѽ

ʢԼҾһͯ԰ֻ԰е̻ԻͣͳͯȤװβ̫Űһǣкصߣͻ汾ܡ

ڵ̺ϣÿһ߶֡

СŮһ㶼ڣʢҪս޵Ϸʵڲϣֻſڵϣؿһ˵ߡ

ʢ̫̫ЦŮãһ𣬶ɰҪҲһͺˡ
£һԣû¸ɾͿ顣

ʢߵ汾ܱϣһһó
Ҳǰ

ĺܶ汾ûпϵֻ֣ܿϵĻرһɫ

һѽ˵ǿɡ

ǹ飬ǿ顣ʢ˵
ǹѽ뿴ˡ

ʢƲƲ죬͹йصʲôÿģ
汾ܳʱˣѹûȤ

ûʢԵֹԴԴʼ顣еĲ廭Ưлֻǣǲ֪µʲô

ɣ˵
ۣվ֣Ҳ

Сһ飬ıȥҴˡ

ʢ̫̫¶Ľ
СŮ̫ɰˣ軳ء

Ȿ𣿡Īⷭ˷Ŀڻ汾ϣСֽ

ɳϣߡ
ҲԼ۾¡

ĪǵĶϡ

ҪӽˣǰһֻͻȻ֣˹ĳǱץӡ

Բ۾
ĳǱˣ߿϶ûˣÿ

·˸⣬ֻôֽȥӡ˸취ⴵܸԼ܇Nɪʼ˺þúþã絽Ѿ粻ˡ

ۣôѽ˵

粻ˣǲǾͲùʡ
Цŵͷԡ

̫ܾȳˣһ

Ī߽Ѩȳӣȴкܴζͷ£һһ㶼Ưֽ治

ͱ˱⣺ôѽ

ûĹ£ɴսһۡ
µĽʱһ£ʶ˵ʱҰɡ

أʡ

ҡҡͷ˵㿴ӣȴǸûõļһ

󣬹뿪ӡ˵

ӽ𣿡
Ȼôüͷ

翴򰲰Цһ¡
ԭ鷬ҲǸеһԱֱΪͯľѡ

֪Ϊʲôһ˲䣬Ȼʡ

ԭǵĺǵġ
ɴʱ˿̣ʲôˡ
ΪԭԹϵʵ޹ء

ԭʲôûгΪǡûкͻӳߵһĪ͹ỳǻúúõġҲѾ͸ĸϡ
ˣᱻԭǣƣһжźõġԼķչš

죬ҲҭʳŮȻȨ׷ѰҸǰǣӵñңҪ⼸һԾ군ˡ

óֻŻ汾ķһƬҲһֽ

ͷѽ
ͯǺҸһ
ԭֽĹͬѡ



뿪ʢʱ߶šֽĹ¡

Īʵ˵½̻ʲôأ
̻ǣҪһ¸ҡڵĹС˵

ĪЦţ

ʢĪľ˾˼Һܽʱ˾˴˸绰
ʵЩ꣬ϵࡣ

ĪٴС̣գ飬ԴĪ룬ֻżȥ̽ĸףԸ͵ܼܵ

֪òףʱȥѧУſڿֻǺüĪ٣Ҫһ١
֮Ī볤ѧʱͱһУź;˾һߵýһЩ

ĪϻذڣѾһʱˡ
˾˸绰źԷǰʱæ¼պϷòϵ˾һң˾˺;ܳȥˣֱڣûкǼ档

룡ϲġ

˾ˣ㻹ûؼ𣿡Īʡ
˵ҪȥΣ֪˶ˣòֹܽ˾ˣǲܳ£ǶҪĴúɽ߱ˣÿ΢ŲǵһӶûǰôˣ˵ǹͻˣأô

Ī;˾һ
վһԵİǡʱ绰ֱʾˡ

׶԰СѴ绰ֱѾܾûˣ̫Сִ˴ǹỳǷ
̫ˣ

Сӵ˵СȵͼֱٵԼߡ

ְĩüӰ࣬ȥòã

˰ְָͿԼ붼û룬ѾʼͷС߶Ƶˡ
ȻֻҪȥأ

ϣĪڹҶϵ绰
תǣŵСЦ棬ڸյͷǰһ˶ûС

Ī룺
⺢û°ɡ




64.  64   ְֲ棡

Īڰǰ, ̽̽Ķͷһʣôˣ
Դûۡ

Īһ, һڸ˭ͷ
ְѽСְҪǳȥ棡

˵ԼֱϵС, ͡
ǹỳǷĪһ, ΪǼҰôˣյͷֵֹġ

һʾСӵĵ绰ֱˡ
ٴö̶̵ָһ

, ǰͰְֵ, Ҫ衣

̧ͷ, Ϊѵؿ衣
ְһΪںС棬Բĸܡ
û뵽, һСģˡ

Сӵͱ˱, ûаæ

Ī״, ˫סԼĶ䣺û

, ỳҪͺӳȥ, Ϊʲôأ



һΰǹԹؾġ
Ϊ˵, ӰܿҪɱ࣬ĩͰְ棬Ժÿһ죬ǣ

ڴĪʱɴػӻС֣һ, ϣȥأ

ỳǱŰĿĪıķʻԶͷ˿еСӡ
ÿһΣĪ뿪֮󣬺Ӷޡ
ϣޣ˵ְ׽Բغòã

գգۣۣ

һµؾȥӣỳʧЦ
Ǽұˣܼǿûޡ

ʮšˡ
һ㡭
غ𣿡

غһС

ỳǣ

ңǽķѾܱ𣬺ӲĴ档
ΪϰỳǻǺ˼

ǰأ
ǲñ䣿
ûڴ°

ỳǵصҡ
˫ֲ嶵Ьڵذϣ˼ȦĿһֱŴС㿴

СӶðȵģ˫죬ڱЦ
ỳҲЦ⣬ڴߣᳶ˳

Դ
ְֵһ̣ͻȻֵ

£Ӵ˫סԼ۾ְֶ

ỳҿһۣƿӣԼȥ
ƽ֮Լʵʵġ

ְֲغ𣿡ʡ

ỳǱͣһԣûãСӵĽŲ
ưҺһ

Сһĵľ֮ϾͿ˯ˡ



Īص顣

ԶԶأʴ˹
ЦĪĪڻˡ

ĪļƤһء
ߵȷƺܿɰһ㶼С
Ψӣͷ

һľ籾ɣ˵

Ī򴽣
ڲ֮ǰ罫͵ദƬε¸Ī벻뱻ȶȣЩŵ̫ˣԸͿһѣ֮һʣѾѹһ㡣

Сⲻ
ΪܲĪ벢˵ദǸˣҲͬԱ˺¡

Žʱľճ¼vlogڵӰɱ֮ʱѺͷ˿ô²⣬Ӧ
ĻȣҪײҪ

ȥ͵ľ籾ҡĪ˵

ҡ

ĪߵͬԱߣٺͿʶԻ

ʵƤûô񣬼˼ҲԼҲûپתͺ

û£ĵҶѾˣvlogزҲ㹻ˡС˵
ʵͷһ£Ȼһ㡣

ȫ׼
ˣܹݺĵӰܺʣܵõᡣǣ֮ǰƷҵƬȻڱãƱߣ¼ԼϷҲκˮ
һžͲһˣӰţǸԼ̧ҲϾûʲôʵԵľٶֻǺϵãƬһѡ

ڵȵɱ죬ʺ͹˾ãϾϴƵ
û뵽ĪŶ֮ǰжˡ

ĪŶӵvlogǹĵġ

vlogĪʱھճ
ʮҵƵݷǳḻ
Īһڵ̨ʣһ뵼һɪɪķģƬʱо籾͵۵ƬΣҲа͹ỳ̽ȫ鹤Ա裬ҳԵÿģڵա

vlogȺ̽ģһ̽ɷİ࣬һ̽۵İࡣ
Ůһ̸˵أۡǡʱȺûн飬Ҳûнӻǵķ˿òײżѣߵķ˿ת໽Сܿvlogѡ

Ƶһѣע˾͸ˡ
أл۽𾦵ѷһ˿Ծ

ҷֺüƬһŮֻ͵Ī롣
Ҳע⵽ˣֻҪʺĪվýһЩǸŮӾ͵ġ
¥ϵĽǣ΢ȥ˿ʵĻգǸŮ
ԿڲĪȶȰɣ͵Ī룬
ĪŶǹǸŮӵģڷ

һʵͲҽԼƬη΢ˡѾ˱ȶȣﻹٷ˵ˣĪɲֻԼķ˿Ⱥķ˿Ѿ·˷ۣʾǲ

׼ôʱ䣬˵ͲˣСҲʧڿǰԹ˼䡣
ˢҳЩ

û뵽ˡ
Ҫһ̺ҵͬʱߵСѰ
ճûãھúĥԼݼֻ֪߽ݾܻȥأ

ȥĪ룬ͼۡ
ʱĪ˽⣬Էϲִӣû뵽̬ȷǳǿӲ

ңϣ˵ʲô
ȦλĲ٣ֵٴ󣬻Ʒ֧š

ʵǽһ¡

裡Ŵ

ۿĪ䵭ᡣ

ſɰСë£ףСů̫Եú˵ġ
Сӡաܹ˫βҲԾŰ˫βƤĪ򴽡
òϣʱ䣬ỳǶ԰ķоĵãҲ֮ǰͷĳˡ

ֻǣƤģ
ɫƤĲ̶˵

豧Сſֱۣ

ĪӱһɨվƬĹỳǡ
Ѿ³ڳͷصȴǻżֵЦ⡣

ΪʲôְִװѽĪʡ
ҡҡͷ֪ۡ

˵ỳҪȥһطĪûвμϵɱ硣
ݡԱԼƬĹԱǵ𣬴Ű뿪

ÿһϷĪԣ顣ȫͶ뵽ɫУʱЩᣬҲΪȰݹ
һ룬֮ǰһʱ䣬޷Ͷ빤״̬ΪԼҲκƷ
û뵽ڣһж
ⶼǰĹ͡

Ī뱧Űϳ
Сʣְ֣Ҫȥѽ

ỳǲЦʣϴȥɳ̲𣿡
ѽ۾һְҪȥɳ̲

ɳ̲Ưỳ˵

һأڡʵϰĸĿ¼ڼȥɳ̲Ϊڲʱ䣬ɳ̲ʱѾˡϲϵɳ̲ɳӳǱ¶Ӱְһ˵ֳڴ

ɳ̲Ӻ

ĪʽһʱĹˣ׼ڼú麢ӣȥﶼԡ
Ϊİְ裬ǿźůЦǵѾ㹻ˡ

ڸ·ʻ
ʱ䣬۾˯Ϊְ˵˯˲档

ȫȫƣ·;УСӵͷλƵģһߣһұߡ
ĪָԴôСԴӣɵúúñ

СԴеôĬĬţֹ̧ۣỳںӾ͵Լ

㿴ʲô
ÿ

ĪЦˡ
ֻȥɳ̲ѣΪʲôǰ첻ðԼ

صġ



ɳ̲ʱ˯Ǳְֱ³ġ

ֻǸһ³͸оһĺ紵
СԺۣǰĴʱ˶ˡ

һ̺ġۡùỳǵ۵ȾЦ⡣
ӷСתͷӳϵĺɳѵĹߡ

СӣɳСˣִ˲ƣ
ĪЬӺСѵ
ȻǶ죬⽫ɳӶյůڵģҲ

СԼþˣһƨɳ̲ϣʼǱ
ĳǱֲܴڣˣҲûСɳ򡣺ϴһԲСɳŰְͰһҪסڳǱԶֿ

ŰɳʱỳǺĪںⲽ
첲ʾԼı䡣

ĪЦˣҪϣּҡҡͷ
ỳǣ֣ʮָۣá

紵գķ˿Ʈ
Īǣ֣·һֱȥߵĵ϶֪롣

СʱѧУſڵǣ֣гӾҪɿỳǵ

ĪҲȥ顣
ǻÿӿһɿֵģΪ³ʦʦ֪ͨĪ١
ԣһһεɿ֡

ỳǡ
ÿһΣڳӿԶܻ֮ЩƤǣ֡

ƿôΣȴǼᶨǣǰߡ

ĪЩˣΪļ֣ǲûд

ỳһ㶣תͷ
Ӳӵϣյϵëܷ۾һ峺۵׵ļĮȻҲѾȫȻʧ

ỳûйֹ
һʱ䣬ˣ⡣飬˵Ҫ־ӣʦЭ飬ڣΪĪ⣬ôϷˡ
ᵱ֮ķַֺϺϣѾûκ壬Ǻòײٴߵһദÿһ춼ôûҪٻЩĵ¡

ԺˡỳǵЦţԣԺһ֡

Īͷǰһ㣬ס֡
ӽζ֡

һ󡰺¡¡
Īͷɳ̲Ħгϵ

ڳһ޵ġʢеõ廨
һʱ㶣ȵؿŹỳǡ

ûɣҸղһֱڴ涢ţ˺ܾòģӦûɣ˵

ỳǣ

Ī۾ʲô

ǳ˳顣
͸ˣ

εͷ

ỳߵĦгϣʻڰ֣ʾߡ

һĥı飬֪ãԼƽϣĦг¡¡ˡ

Īվԭأ˫ֽǰЦ⣺飿

ỳǿһһֻŻǰ
ϣվĪǰס΢΢۵Ĺâ

ڣᵲס۵Ĺ⣬ҲΪڵꡣ

̫ˣպзꡣ
һһ𣬱˴·޼᲻ݡ

顣

Īı΢΢ᡣ
ʮǰǴУ꣬ʮʻ顣
ʱָţȴûиı䡣

ôˣ顣Ƶģۿʪ

Ī뻰£Ƕͬʱ򰲰
һֱעŰģϾӻСںߵʱʱ̶̿š

Ծר־شǱǱ㽫ջ

ģһû飬Բỳ˵

ĪĴЦ⣬վ£ԡ

Ӧô飬ǰǵļ˺Ƕھɱϡڹġ˫ǡӳϡ

Ī룬ǧҪ

ҾãӦòϲķʽỳ˵Ծô򵥵飬ʻָǵİ

óڴóһָУֿĪЩţԼ޸𣿡

֪Ƕԣֻһʽ˵ĻöŹâĽָʢŵʻĪȦǲغˡ

ӹʻڹỳǼϥʱ

Ը𣿡

ĪĴǲԾ΢΢ȴ˸⡣
ʵ˵Ը񣬲ҪȴҪ֪

Ը⡣ĪЦţϸָ

ỳס֣׼ϡ
ָĳߴǰģһףá

ϸָϣ貹âɢš
ͷ˺ܾãż⣬ᱧס

˽ӵɳ̲ϱӰӶԵܲɷ֡

ʱ˿̣֮䣬Ҳûиҡ

ǰһɡỳ˵

Īûпǹ⡣
Ȼ֮䣬еڴ

ⳡаĻ񡣡
ǵŮΪС̨ͯϡ

ְ֤Ա˴һĳŵ

ĪĴǵҸЦ⣬Ȼʱ̧ȥİ
Ĺỳǣ°ָ̧̧Сӣ㿴

ʱİѾɳӡ
Ҫȥһ±ĺˡ

󺣺СһʼĶǺģأʼҡڡ

󺣣

ŵ׵СɳڸԽԽ졣
˴ڽűϣСӺϲСѾǰ̽һ̽

ֻǰһ㣬ΪǱΣյ£

۾һܣֻǾʱ˴Щ
ˣضŴ󺣣ҪҪߡ

һֱںĹỳǺĪһۣҪЦ
Ȼı飬ǿԥԥıӰ֪˹ˣʵڵвС̰ԡ

Ī벻ǹһͷ
ǲǾͽְֲ棿

þˡ
ĺ˺ǰһŲɡ
ɵıˣ

ֻϧʱСͻȻڿˡ
ǰְֱ

Сȡ
ɲˣҪְ




65.  65   ô᲻ͬأ

С˶ڿ, ԾŴ󺣡
Ĵڽĸо̫ˣȻеģԽܣ

ֻ, 㰲᲻úˣﻹ, ְҪˡ

ỳǽ˰ȫĵط
Сһƨɳ̲, СŰְ衣

ȿ˵衣

Ī̫ΣˡһĴϰߵ, ְٽ, Ҳһܱ㡣ǰְҲ, ûп㡣

С֪ˡ

, ֿỳǡ
Ͷϰְɫʱ, Сˡ

ΪְҪѵԼһٵ, û뵽, ְֲûô

˵, ɡỳ˵

ѵôһɳ̲, ˵ĪѾ˵ˣټϸղҲȷʵǿǲܣôܰѰһǶɳأ
ỳţðĵ棬ȵؼ֮ٺúøӽ

С̽̽СԴ, ȷѾȥˣС֣ץһɳӡ
ֺСץɳӣգգ۾ֳ̫ĶֻĬĬɿ֡
ָ䣬ɳ䣬СѾϣץһɳӣСѾ

Ű˵СģĪŴЦ⣬ú࣬򶼲ɲ

òףŽԼСѾá
ĵ𽥷ˣ͵ỳһۣתСĪ˵裬ôлѽ

Ī۵׵Цᡣ

裬㻹нָۣزĪָϵ䡣
Ư𣿡Īڰǰ˻ԼŹâĽָ

ƯۣСҲԼС֣̺˵ðһ𣿡

ԣỳ뵽û룬ֱӾܾ
Ȳ˵жɳˣһСģָŪˣô죿
ôɳ̲һ˵ҵ
ǳĽָ

һԡðСֱ
ǶָҪСʶְǲǻûѽ
ȥΣյ鱻ץ»ûȥأ

Сӣصɳӡ



ڰÿ죬ȥҲ죬֮Ͱְһɳ̲˺һڽĵ׵һɶ

СþˣһʼǽԼСѾɳֽ֮ԼɳӵС߲ðְҡ
ỳǺĪϣؿСӡɳ߳СˮͰɳ¡״װʲô֪ӣСˡ

ѽҲ
ǰ̫ˡ

ŰְĻ¶ߵСЦʱʱһԼߵλá
ɲܱǷˣ

һںߵĲ緹Ҳųȥ
̫ȻůͣҲȷʵʱã֮Īŷָղ˶紵жɵ
ѹɳ̲ѹûˡ

´Ҫȥɳ̲Ī˵ʱһӾȦ

Բ۾Ÿ뿪ɳ̲Ϳʼڴһˣ

СӻΪҪؼˣֱỳǽӿԺſڣ֪ԭҪȥ̽š

ڳҰɡĪ˵

Ī³֮󣬸ƻ˸绰

ĪСѾֱӰĪ̴ɣҪǼǣ̫鷳ˡ

Īſڵȴ

ϷǼ£ֻҪ˱ǣͻȥԺһˡȻỳǾĪٵԸ񣬾ʲô˳ĵģҲ˵ǲ̫ġ
ԭĪǴʱԺģֻ˭֪ںʱӵʢ̫̫ĵ绰ʢ̫̫һͬѧרң˱Ǹһҽ費ҪԼʱ䣬Īȥ

ʵһֱĪ붼ǴĪȥǸһҽģԷƵȨרңôᣬȻԸ

ĪС㡪ԶԶشƻĪ٣ߣ˵Ị̄Ůˡ

Īٴһɫ֯óһЩԺĻǽչ˵úܺá

裬ҴȥĪ˵

Īٿһۣģʲôôࣿ
ɳӡĪ˵ϴȥɳ̲ˡ

Īٵüšş̌ͷһۣô̫߶ƤˣŮǶ֪Լġ

ĪϰĪٵ߶

Ҫڴǰ֪ᷴΪʲôǰôĪٵĻأ

ĬƬ̣ѿڶôãܵġ

Ī٣ʲô
ܺãҺỳȥ棬ɹ̫ܲƣһ˷ɹ˪Īһ

Īٵ
ỳǣ

ĪٰĪϳ
ĪڸʻλãĪ㰲ں

ô̫治֪ΪʲôҪܳȥɹĪ߶
ۣܺڳϣ۾ɹ̫

Ī֣󰲰СǼ⡣
ࡣ

ĪʧЦ

ʱĪٲע⵽һ
һۡ

ţǰְ͸ģ
ĪعͷĪ˵裬Ҫˡ

Ī㶵ʱĪתʻԼһϧطźã⻨ںᱻѹƵġ
ֻǣ仨̫ˣŲ̫㡣
ỳǼ״㽫ͣ£̫ˣҷŵ䡣

á

Ī̧ۣԼŮŵЦݡ

ĪĪȥҽ
ԷĪ֮ǰʹĪһȥ֮ǰҽλҽһͬΪ飬óĽĪ뾪ϲ

˵Ϊ꺢ӵĪɼӰ죬Ĳһٶ񻯣ĿǰǳȶǸ

Īһ
һ֮Īٵ鲢оҵĲȴʶ۰Ůû뿪硣ټԺŵֻǳḻĪٴ齫ѣ罻תá

ҽԺĪ˵˵ˣû

ĪЦˡ
ⲡȫִ𽥵ȥ͵ĪӦûʱҪһЩ



ĪԺϰߣÿ춼Ҫ˯ûԺѾ

һ⣬͵ƤŴͣ˸Ƿ
ĪʱͿʱǾʱһ۾ͿСǹġ

ֻǷᴫȾһûסҲ˸ĹǷ

СЦͣ
ЦʲôЦĪ

ֻû˵꣬ͼỳĪҲЦ
Īû취ֻ󰲰

£СôЦġ
һ㶼ۣ

ĪͻԺ֮һȥҡ

˾˺;Ѿرˡ
µ棬˿Ĵúɽһ͸Ī˸绰

尲̯֣þ˹һ

СУ֪˭Լɢ⣬ϺЦݣӰְաܹȥ

ȱƿǾţǰʱÿ춼ĽĿ

źáСغ

ֵüЦ˵ʱȤ¡
ӣڿһֻʮԪĿһȣ;ҪһһһֻʮԪξͳΣһʼֻʮ֮ӣ죬׷ˣֱӳ

ỳǺĪ뱻ǶЦ

СЦʱҪӣΪĪеˡ
ô꣬ʵûŮʲôæĪԹӲԸѵʱҪŮѧѣϡĪ̫ҪǿˣԼҲ˺ӡ
ڣںǿྡˡ

ǸԵˣ뵽£ӷᣬæ˸⣺˵ææӶϻüˣһǵһμء

ǡʱſˡ
ŮȻĻ̾һ˭ûæ

ߵỳǺĪǰһ
ỳͷһر̵شӦ

ĪЦȻ
ȻĪϣı˵˵Ұǲ̫ˣҶˣѹ˾ôһ¶ңԼܳȥңˡ

Ȼ߿ʱ۾һգգĶӿ
С¼ĿʱƴҲһи̣Ӳûô

װű𣿡ʡ

Ȼע⵽
ǰСӵԴѽС̶װǱ

С̣ҿһ𣿡˴С֣Щŵʡ

źԾԾԵСģȻЦˣͦӣɡ

СģŪСҲŪС̣Сִ˴ӡ
ԭҪʱ򣬶ӻôһء
ۡ

˵С̶ǵܻܵãʡ
ҡҡͷ֪ѽ

ֻЩû⡣бһۣ˵С̶ıһ֣òã

Īæס裺֣С䣬Ǵţġ
ỳӣû˵

Сһ裬ţǰְġ

Ҷĵؿỳǡ

ỳǣ
ҸŮ鶼бҪ˼ҵġ

뵽ͻȻ˵С̣뵽ʲô

˵ĿⶼӹỳŲ
ֱллء

ʲôأȻʡ

Ī벻԰ȡκϣ

пɰͽпɰ

Ȼһ㶣漴Ӧ

ɰ
ֺãÿɰ

ãͽпɰȻЦۡ
ְҲ

Сӿɼˣպ˵ġ

ŮĶӣɰϲ𣿡

ž˾һһϲص飬Ī͹ỳЩãȻ
ô



С̼ҳʱѾ˵ˡ
ֱʱʶһ⡪
ԭźô棡

ÿһ죬ְǲǶѽ

ÿ˯ǰǰСʱ䡣
һͨƵ绰С˺þá

ҽȥҽԺȥ˾˾ˡ衢С̣пɰ˵
Ҳ˵ҽȥԾ

ͨƵ绰ʱỳǺĪŽİš

ܿҪˣǲع꣬үӺȴǳӣүӣĶûζء
ȻˣС׼ڴʮ죬˼ںĪһӹһҹ

ͬʱǰؼ֮ĵһꡣ
ỳǺĪһɳϣ򿪹׼
ǱģѹǮȻҲٲˣǹƣʱСӿֻ߸Ȥ

ǵĻҪʱﱸ
˿ǹ󣬾ڴٰ񣬵ʱûôˣСҲᶳɪɪ

ĪԭҪٺ͹ỳȥģֻûм⡣
׼̫˺ľģΨһҪģȥѡһɴֻҪͺá

Ҫ˯
ҲҪ˯ˣ

СڻϣҶϵ绰֮󣬡ݡһ»
Ī뽫ڻţˣȥϴ衣

գգ۾Լġ
һ˵ְ꣬մյĪϣš

ÿʱСܻǳرʾԼġ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪǰʱھʱͬһŮԱԼƼĻ汾
ǻ汾˵ǣҪ׶ӣΪȻСҲбϷŪ

ղ˵ˣԲ𡣡Īġ

Ϊְ裬ǻкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ڡʵϰĸܵǻһֱѧϰѧϰӦγΪõĸĸ

Ҫǣ¶װ׵С

С˯ǰϲģֻϧǶ죬ŵ˯»䣬ѡһС˯¡
˯²㣬˯ϵСӶ̫ɰˣų䣬

裬ԲҪŶӵ˯𣿡ʡ
ȵ˯űӵʱ򣬶Ͳô˯ˡĪԴ

С̾
űӺѽ˯֮ʲô֪ˣһСľͻѱ߿

ԵĵƹůĪļ¡
һỳҲˡ

ȵĪ֮󣬹ỳǽӱﱧ

ְ֪Ҫʲô𣿡ʡ

СоӴ
ɳ̲ʱְֻûüڶ㲻

뱻գˮ۾תͷ裬Ҫȱ

ֻĪûй¡
Ӳܹţ˵˵

ͷֻϡ˫ǡȺ¼

ǡ˫ǡӳˣϵӰˡʱ䣬ĪѾнûгƷˡȻʱݶıַǳ⣬Щ

ⲿӰӳ֮ƱͿڱ̫Ҫˡ

صĪ룬ӳʱ򣬰ҴҲʱҲһɫúڵӰԺԼı֡
̫ˣԼˣ

ĪͷʵڹỳǰСӡ
һڵӰԺԼı֣᲻е㺦ߣ

ĪȺظϢʱ򣬹ỳǿʼѵˡ

ɳ̲ʱ򣬰һȥˮΪʲôأ
ú˺ܺ棬һǰһˣ˶ܱߣ˵Сˡ
Ӿ𣿡

Сҡҡͷᡣ

ӾΣʱҲһỳûЦͳ࣬Ҫ棬Ӧȸְ߰裬Ǵһȥ֪𣿡

ǷҲȷʵˣỳ뵽ܻᷢĺ£»ؾԲٴ⡣

ͷ֪ˡ

ãڰְָһЩ˵Ƶ㿴һж¡ỳðرѡ

ʵѾ˵ˣҲǆµİְ֣úӿһ˵ƵӡãˣҲϢ

ֻỳҪʰǲҪϢʱСѾίͰ͵Դˡ

ıˡ
ְֶþˣھȻҪ
뿴ΣյĺƵ

żض˶ָתͷָĶְ֣ͯȥ˯

ỳˡ
С˵ʲô
ˣСӻȻضͯ

ʲô
Լ

СӵĹỳ᲻ԼҲġ
ֺСֶҪš黨ᣬСʣְͬ𣿡

ỳǣ
ô᲻ͬأ




66.  66   һжδ֪

ỳǻذﰲͷ, СһԼķ䡣
ﱾûжͯصظĵģ֮ǰүӺ˵װ޹ķζ԰, ÿ쿪Ŵ˺ü¡

һʼỳҪС, أʵ
ĻԸֿأ

йںӷַ˯, ϵνպͿѧǶԲȫãΪСѵ̫һ
СӲǲֻǹȥͰְֿʱ̫ãϧǴһÿÿѡڰ˵, ڹỳǺĪм˯, ζ, Ƿԣֺγ
ڰС, ڰְǰģȵ, Сѧ, Ը, ӶҪԼĿռء

, ˵ϲС, ɴʱ򣬹ỳǱСһ˯Ǻеġ

ô˵СӻطȻš
Ǵ°

ͯı̺ˣϰ߼, û뱣ķżżɩһˣæһɨ
ͯϵĴ죬ʱʱҪһףһҳûС
ϲСû˯ְֿ̫ˣһӾͽ

СͷǰѾù˵ģԴӿ棬ɵðȵġ
ֻǣһ첻ܱˣСӺ֪ز

СַŴأͼ

˵Ƶûỳ˵

գգ۾ĬĬɻȥְ֣Ҫ˯ˡ
ỳãٿ

ҲйءˡĻˣ۾Լ˯š
Ҳһ磬µİְ־ͻģ

ỳڰߣȵСڽ磬Žͯķϡ

ĪȺ˽ˡ˫ǡӳḷֻ֮̌󣬷ְ͹ỳǲˡ
Щ֣ôˣĶȥ

ĪӴҪ俴ȴỳǻˡ
ûüڣͼŴ֮

ǸỳǸɿһҪضͯ˯Ѿ˯ˡ

Ī룺
ʲô취

ɵĿ⣬æԼ˵ģ

Ī򴽣Ҫʼ䣬ͻȻ֣ỳǵ鲻̫Ȼ
ʱʲô

ں𣿡һŵʡ
ûСỳһ

ĪĹ۲ķӦ
һֱ⣬ỳ䵭ģǰʱƤȴֱñȳǽҪ
ʮǰٿߵģ

ỳǶǳ˽⣬ͬʱҲһ
ʱװ򶨵飬Ī۵ȾЦ⡣

ںߡһΣն˵

ڵƹơ
ӹỳǵĽǶȿȥƤѩףŨܳɢڵļϣγдżζȴκʱҪ

Ҳߡǰһ

Ī봽ǵĻȸˣ߾ͺߣֲЦ

û˵꣬ر
ĪϸСڰҡΣе

㿴Һߡ˫ס壬ͳڶϡ

Ī͸ŶӶߺ죬˫ġ
˴ˣỳǸͲẦߡ

ߵ



һ˸
۾СӦ»

ϲԼĶͯƯ

СҪȥҰְ衣
ֻԵſţûˡ

Сתͷȥ䡣
ǸʪƣҰ˫̨ϴֳأְһϴˢʱ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺ鶼ܲ

ϺáĪһ֮󣬶žСʺá

С˯£ñϵöͷķ˿һ

ϺѽСԴȻԾе£Ѿ¶Цݡ

ỳ߹ϴ̨ϴһ

ְԼ˯úòʱСӵͷɵ˵˯úãʱӻڡ

ỳʧЦ
ӻڣΪҹģû˯ȥ˺üء

ӻСԹΪ
ỳϿ佱Լһ˯̫¸ˡ

Űְ֣һ㿪ġ
¸

ȻܰﻹҪĪһ˯ġ
Լһ˴ڷ˯϶һů

衪

ŰҪȥͷỳǵƤ
ƺû꣡

ȷʵְ趼ǵܴ˲źʹ˷ִ˯ġ
ҲΪСʱﻷãûԼķ䣬ķƯ

Īĵؿ˹ỳһۡ
˵Ϲ˵ԼСˣҪ˵СʱﻷãǾû˻ˡ

𣿡ʡ
ġỳǣŮС֣Լķ䣬˵绰ǣԺҪԼ˯һܾȵġ

СӶҪְֺƮƮȻˣСȥԼĵ绰ֱСô绰
𶼽˵绰

ỳϣСŮž붼ڵ绰ͷġۡ

ȹҶϵ绰֮󣬰ͦСظְ֣ԺҪһ˯

ỳͷ̫ˣڿ˵Ƶ

С۾
ˡ

Ƭ֮󣬹ỳǱŰɳϣΪóԵø׳ۣ򿪵ӣֻϵƬͶȥ

һ𿴴󺣾κ˵Ƶͬʱ¶µı顣
СԼؿڣԺȥĶҪŰְ衣

ỳҲԼؿڣԺΣҲðѰá

ŸŮԴԴǣ֣һٺģĪǲԾ
ȥûԼӵһҸļͥ

һڳ緹
ỳҪȻع˾֮ǰСǰա

ָָĪ룺裡

ỳ¶Цݡ
ҵıԽԽˡ

վסĪĺĴһǣŰûӦתš

ĪվԭأᴥԼĴǣЦ⽥

ԴЦģ
裬ƽʱҪӿġ
̫



˫ǡӰӳĵ㣬Īȥױ

Сģ˵Ҫױݣױʦ㲻ʧ׼ӱƯķ͡
ͷΪ˼£ѾԱĻˡױʦͷͷƤãһһҰ״Сֽ֮ʣͷֳɣС黨衣

һɰСױʦһСݮﰲϡ

ŻױԼһϲ᲻ûλԴϵСģѶᣬСһ¡

һϧӣױʦЦ˵ѧĻԺÿ춼԰ıӡ

ѧ𣿡Բ۾

ڲԶױĪһֱŰߵĶ
ױʦ뺢ӵĶԻЦˡ

ʲôʵķͣѧ
ֻҪǰϲģ쵽

һ£ȥӡĪԼʦ˵һ££ϵ磬߹ȥ

ֻߵǰʱǴݵЦ⽩סˡ
ôӵķͣѧûᣡ

裬Ըһı𣿡˷ܵʡ

ĪһɣĬ˺ðΡ
߹ԡ

Ī룺

ģ̫ΪˡĪ룬̲ס͵Ц

СӺܺ˵Լ·һۣûϵ˯

ñʧء
Īĵ׳̾һѧ

磬ѾͣĪ뻯ױʱŰ

СȹҫƬ̣Ưѽ
ϲ𣿡Цʡ

ͷ絷⣬ͬʱ¶ǵı顣

ôˣ
̻᲻еۣ

Ц
Ǹʵı˵⼾ڴ˵ȹ䡣
ڱˮһůС㣬ͺöˡ

ĪͰһЩԤ㹻ʱͣʱˣûĵ㣬ĪһױʦѧһѧСⷢ͸ô

˵Ҳ֣֮ǰҪСżڰСȹ϶첻ѧϰӣģġ
һĻһֱڱŵǹҲ˹

ţԽԽ˺ǰ
ٹԱҲǺӵİְ裬λӰ󶼶ⷢ͸ֵĿ϶㿪ʼ͵ʦ

ڣĪ۾ˣҲˣһš

ƤģĪʡ
ױʦ˵ģƤźӵͷƤ

Ըҷһ𣿡

ױʦһ¡
ǿԣôأ

ֻǾԥʱĪѾԼֻóɨҰɡ

ױʦɵסˣɨĶά룬ӷȥ
Ī˵лл㡣

ʱ䵽ˣȵӰԱǶתȥӳʱױʦûлع
֮ǰ˭˵ӰˣƵģ˼һ㶼ᣡ

ױʦ鼤ʵûסֻ༭ͼƬһչplog
ƽʱ罻ƽ̨һЩױ̳̣вٷ˿ͷ˿ʱ̲סһӰжᣬжɰ

Ľ
ҿܶĻ͹Աıϣ˵ĪԸܺãǸ߸ϵˣеȶѡ
ǡ˫ǡӳɣ֮ǰһֱڹƱƽ̨Ʊţϧû
ڴ˫ǡ



˫ǡԱһڹϯһţȴӰķӳ
Īһ𣬺ʤĪߡ

Ӱ֮󣬺صչҵ׷ֻϧϣû취ġ
һʼصΪԼòãԼôݣÿ컻·κӣ̶ҪˣǾܾ
ܾɺܼ򵥣С⡣

صҲˣⷽ棬ǲ磬ǿûõġ

ټ棬󷽷ģʤЩΣڿܿӴ
Īͨ͸Ϳߣû£һ

Ӱʼӳˡ
ںţǹչţĪԷġ

ʱŴӫĻ
Ǽֿҽһʱ䣬ڣԼҵĪ붼ѹġʱܽĸ飬״̬ǻװ̫ˣѹڴ
һжѾʼģⲿӰĿڱãô죿ӰʾҵͲôô죿

Щ⣬һɳЩûпǹģڵԽԽȥˡ

ûµġĪһס֡

Īʲô
ֻǵӰӳŲ˼ӣǶԣһжδ֪

ڤڤ֮УԤУĪһܴµ۷塣



μӡ˫ǡӳģкܶСԱ
˺þãûеСɡ

ǹ˵Сɲˣ󣬾úôˡ

ǹղԱСɼҵ顣
ǸԱݣСɼ硣˵СɰְԸľګʵڹظɵûʲôĻԼĻ˵ǸˡǰٻսĿϷ֮ߣһܡҲʶԼͥĸȷ̫ˡ
ٻŮûչ˺СɣȻСɸϲְ֣Щ꣬ûôչ˺ӣҲ˽Դӵ

ϲ̸˺ܾãصԼĳ
ǵ̫ˣÿⷿⶼǺܴһʿǸˡ
СɰְҲǿСɵСͯǣΪϲǷ˺̫࣬Ψһġ
СɻôСӦü縺ǮҵΡ

СһѾصԼϼңûвμӵӰӳ

СûЩʧ
ͬСҲڣʱǶһƬģ棬Ҳ衣
һСͯǴСߣԼλϣ֪ܷӰ쵽ڣСͱյýģˣ

ǹŰС飬̲סЦˡ
ֻһСѣһõø߸ߵģһѹõ͵͵ģϵıޱȷḻʱʱҪ鲻ԽСѣǰһЩ

ЩСѶ̫ˣǹΪԼѹͲҪչǣʼרĿӰ
ֻǣӰûãǿʼסˡ

һϷӰƬϷݲ࣬ӰһС֮󣬺ʱϵİС𣿡

Ҳʼã
ǰϵСӤСѣԱֳ

ڰ֣ǽ͡
ƶǶͷС

ǵ۷ΧŨ
ǿӰҲеڣȵľѾˣÿ˵ֱǲܵ

֮ǰ˵ڵӰԺСѣָཱུһֱСͱϱȻ
ֱʱǹŷ֣ԭӲʮף˵ʵڻʵʵڵӰԺ˫ǡʵΪˡ

ôйģ⣬㿪ʼ취
ǹͱһԱֹȴ볡

ҴȥСѵĵӰòãǹʡ

գգ۾ʱһڴ

ںһţ֯볡Ҳֳ̫Ķǹôźö飬ǰͷһǴӳ
֮ȥ˵ӰԺǰ̨˰һͯӳǴȥ

СͯڲҪѹ˵Ļˣ˲ͷԣȴƬķӳ

ֻǣƬƬͷһһˡ
СкۣʧôǡСӰѽ

ǹǳ˳飺ϲ𣿡

һ˵С桷ӰСģҽ궼ˣǴˡ

Ҳˡ
ˣ


ǹһͷ󣺡û취ˣҸղʹӳľֻⲿӰʵڲ뿴ͻظղŵķӳ𣿡

ûоᡣ
ǲŲԸصղŵķӳء

ǹǰ׵֮󣬾͸һԱкԼȻȥӰ
㿴˫ǡܵÿһڴӫĻϵıְɣ
СӵһĵӰء

ãȥɣšԷЦ˵

ȵǹһߣСһ̾һֻܿɵġС桷ˡ

ҵĸпûӰ쵽
ðĿתضŵӰӫĻ

СϲɵĶƬ




67.  67   ۡ

СʱϲСˡ
СĺС, 澭ܡ
ЩСġ

ϻصŴǶⲿɡƬ۾һʼһ㳳, ҲˣһضӫĻ

չǵĹԱ̲סЦ
ЩСĺ, һˡ

һߣǹϵӳʱ, ÿӫĻϳְģ
Ӱеİϴװ·ʱһһģƽʱһɰݵǸɫͯʱ, ɫ֮ûûε, ʱȻҲǵ, ʱӫĻеվСƺ, ڴǵ·ŷݡ

ݷɵúøߺøߣĿҲúԶԶ, һС, ѰЦ۸, ·Ŷδϣ

Ƭβ, ⼸Ϸ, ձỳǺĪ֮ĵġǻСӣڹ¶ԺʱҪ̫ˣÿŰְİʵϰĸĿտʼʱСʱʱ̶̿Źâ

ʱӰеĪҲӫĻеĺӡ
СЦ, һ֪ģϷݲصĽɫڹ͵úܺá

üģҲΪӵЦݣչ
ǶﶼźģҲӦһжڳźõķչֻһӰܶ³ɰܡһأӰĿڱƱҲܴʲôȰҵΪССĴ۶ͣ½Ų
Ƿ̰ʲôһֻҪڸĹн߾ȫѾź

Īƽ
ʱͷ֮Ͷ뵽ӰС

ԣԼı־ΣԿ϶ǣĪǳϲⲿӰ
ʤʵ׷ĵݣӰӾ籾޿ޣֳļҹ黳ʪۿ

Ӱӳ󣬷ӳĹϯﴫѹֵĿ
ĪıҲʼᣬȴ׳Ľᡣ

ֿ˿Լ۽ǣʱʤһֽ

ллĪһš
ȥɡʤķ̧̧°ͣĪ˵

ʱע⵽Լߵ޵øһһġ
Ī뽫ֽݸѣһмأױ޻ˡ

̵ֽ࣬һСزۿ⻨ױֻǶĪ뵣ǵĿ⣬Цһ

ʲôýŵѽǰӰ޵𣿡

ĪҲ˲۽ǵۣЦ
Сѧ𣬾ǸСްʱ޵ǳе£ҪСˡ

ӰƬβصڷӳڣԱý͹ǵĹӰȫ̱Ӱʦ¡
ӳ󻥶Ļڡ

ʤĪ롢һųԼԱ̨
ɷûڣýʣԱǺ͵һһشЩ֮˱ֳα̨
ֱʱĪ֪ԭϯźöϤԱֵȡ

ȡϽɼӰ۵кʤʶĲٴԱһμӡһֻʮԪĿļαݫhҲμӣһ뵽ʻڣֻ˵ʻڣʵڱԼⲿӰĸ롣ĪǵĻӴҵķӦȷԼӰƬеı֣ûбݵκһɫҪҪʤһ

һ

ӳǺȫںӰţԱǺǼαȴһ뿪

ֵǴ뿪ӳʱ
еĸղŵӰڡԱǵ״̬Ҳеֻ༭Ӱܡ

꡶˫ǡˣɹƱ֤ҲˮӰ̫ÿˣ˵⼸ҿõƬǷԱݼǾ飬޿ޡ
ĪѾкܳһʱûϷˣΪôգϷʱûдУ˭֪ᡣԱʵ˵ģһҾͱˡ
ûĽһҪȥƬβǶϷˣϷɫûпޣֻƽ˵̨ʣȴӳ޳һƬ
ͳҲܰȻݼûĪôãüϷǳиȾò˵ʤһλĵݡ

ĪӷӳǹȥӰ
С桷ĵӰûڷӳСӿ˼ӡ
ӷӳʱСģǹһƣ˵õĲԸ⿴أ

Ĺ𣿡Сʡ
ˡĪЦ
Ҫ𣿡ʡ

߰ɡĪСԴ
ְڼʡ

ĪЦˡ
Сѣÿ춼кöö⣬ȴŴ˽

ְֽҪᣬڲŸæꡣȥһһȥԷ

С֡
¹

ѾˣĪ뱾ùỳڷʱѰߣҲæڹԱϸģںӿӰʱǷЩСӡ

һ㶼Сģߡ
ʱӳĹҲ½½뿪ˣĸŮǰԶй۾顣

ⲿӰ̫ÿˣĩʱˢ
ӰĪݵãҾã֮ǰƷȶнġ
СͯǱҲĪŮݼûСԱôãɰ͹ˡ
ҾݵúܲصԼƷҪǳľ󾫣ûѺϷݼ֤ݵúܲˡ

Ůӱıߣһ⳵
ȵǴ˵ĳ⳵ʻԶ֮Īע⵽Ǹ򿴡

ڼʱ˵ԼĵӰӳˡ
ͿԼݵĵӰȣСӵȻ뿴С桷ˣһźû꡶˫ǡ

ֻǣ˵Ļˡ

裬ݵò𣿡С̧ͷСԼ½ǡ

Īǰͷݵúܲ
ǸղŵĽ˵СӴ

Īᣬû취˶佱ԼղǸûж⣬ֻǱ뷨ѡǰΪ˵ϲöģ֪Լܰͺá

գգ۾
˵˵뷨Ҫ
Լ

Լ𣿡ĪЦʡ
ѽĵ˵

ͶˡĪຢӵ

ĸŮ뿪ӰԺȥ˹ỳǵĹ˾

ʱĹỳǻڿᣬǴ

ǲǵһְֵĹ˾Цʡ
ۡСͷôѽ

˾ĴǶƣЦ˺öǹ
̧ͷͬˣֺСǹصл

һֱ˵ֱӴȥſڰɡ
𣿡Īʡ

ģҪˡͣҹǣһܿġ
ˣͿģΪζҲ׼°࣬ŮԼȥŮ͸˵绰˵ȥ˫ǡӰ̫ȤҲùΣϾӰܸ֮һЩͬء

ỳǵͷżݼƻ顣
ɫ޳ָϣɶǶûгصȴ

ʱˡỳ̧ͷɢᣬȵһλ̸
ϼƻ飬Ҫվؿ˶⡣
Ҳ˳ߣ⡣

ԶԶأĪͰվ
һһС϶Цݡ

ǼСÿɰ˵һ䡣
ỳǵ۵ҲȾЦ⣺ȷʵܿɰ

̫̫ҲƯԷ״˵Ļ

ỳǴǵЦ
ǲ˵ˡ

ỳ߳ҡ
ӺŮѾȴʲôǱҸ



꣬ǰڼĵһꡣ
ỳǺĪ뱾ҪĪ뵽ĪٲԸ⣬Ǹִˣ߶ŵǣ񶼻ûأôҪ͡׼ҡԷˣ
һĪͻȻЩˣʱڻϣĪٺ͹˼棬Ӧò˼ɫɣ

ֲĪ٣ֻôŰԺ̽ʱСбһĺĪͷ£˵ѹǮ

Сӵһι꣬յߺѹǮŵġүү̵ģаְġ
Ȼְǽ̹ʶֽģɺӲһźɫֽЩʲôȥ̼ʱܵɩǰһٿǮһǮӲңΪһǮӲǿȥҡҡģ

ɩôЦ¸߹үӺڸ״ѹǮĪûˡ

һ㶼⡣
ѹǮûãʲôȱѽ

󣬰ͿҪѧˡ
ϧʱ䣬ÿһ춼ҪָͷŹ
Ȼ׶԰Ҳܺ棬϶ûͰְһ˼



֣ѺԿİܰУȻǰδ죬Ҳû˺ӣ֤ȷ䣬˷ֱ꣬ԿǸܾḻûõͬȻҲӲ̷

е죬֣ѿ޵Ъ˹ԼΪʲôҪԿһﻹ룬ʱӳɲ˴ѡһ˵ԼܹϺӣϾձ
֣ĵ޾Ļںޣֱ˫̤һ̣ûǲԵģ͸һ⺦Ů֥֥ǴϼӴ

֣ѵİ֮ǰѾ븵ҴһвƲûƱ׼뿪ĵء
֮ǰԼĪһ档
Īܸо״̬𽥱áȥ˺ǿ̹ĵģ貢ϲ決ʳԼҲҪĿܡ

ˣҪҡ˵
ҲûȥĪ˵

Цˣ˵Լ岻ˣԽǰ飬ԽǾҪҼ棬ҵǸǣԲˣֻһأԲңԲ֥֥ԲǷжڹ¶Ժİ˵ʲôֻˡ

Īס֣衭
û¡򴽣ЦȻһжģ񰲰˵ģ֥֥һҲϣҹúá

Զǵð˵Ļ
ÿһСѣϣǵܹÿְ



Ӱ˫ǡӳк̶ֽһ²ʱ䣬ͻʮƱ
ԭŵȺǲƬӳ֮ĪٴαΪ˫Ӱ󡣿û뵽ⲿ˫ǡѾĪΪӽŮԱѡ

ӽ佱Ѯٰ죬δȴѾڴ

⽱ĺ̫ˣֻҲֵõġ
ŶӵȻֻô򵥡

¿㵽ΪĪԣһر¡
һӽİ佱񣬶͹ỳҪˡ

ϣ˫ϲš



һתۣСҪѧˡ
Сɰְһȥѧ

˵ǰ᲻ˣĪ붼ϰ˼ֵģСӻ׶԰ˣͱ壬ҲӦ
ֻһӰ֮ѾӦҪڼ㺢һ졣𿴰СҲǺúŪģÿһָͷ㻹ʣ졣
Ϊҳ˵Ҫ㻰ĪֻڼúϢȴСӷѧˡ

յ׶԰ſڣԼĺӺþûˣǣ֣˵ؽҡ
źССıӰοָп
سѣҲĶܺúӦС㣬ͲҪǲġ

߰ɡỳǣĪ֣ſʱĿŵġÿղסϡ
ʲôأҲǰ

罫͵ʱÿỳǺĪվ׶԰ſоӵĲס
Ҫǰ϶ţӾȻΪʲôСĺӳԽ࣬дĺҪԽ衭

ĵô棬ȥˢûǰš
ȥ飬ԣĪһЦ֪֮֮䲻ѣֻΪͷ֮ĪݣҲֻǲԸƽ϶ѡ

ԶỳǺĪ뻹š

ΪСĺӾ׽ûôãҪࡣ
ǰͷܿе¡



ѧʱỳͷϵĹ°ȥӺӡ
˵õÿһӣ͵ӣǰСѧڵһ쿪ѧְֿɲܴ
οһӣһ˵һ

׶԰ſڣỳǵĳĪĳˡ
һѳͣãĪһĿ⣬͸ƵġҪӺӣϱҲûɽ

򴽣ȥɡ

ỳ³Լĳţ첽ȥӰ

ıӰĪʧЦ
ƨʲôѽһ衣

ỳ׶԰ſŶӣӵ
ΪСӻ˷ܵطɱû뵽İǳ࣬˼⡣

ǣŰߡ
ͣ׶԰һСξ룬ٵӣһ·ϣӶûг

׶԰ʲôˣỳʡ
ʦӣܲ˵

ӣܲðϲӣˡỳЦ
ְ֡СһӣܲӣҺܲܲ

仰е㸴ӣỳˡ
ӣܲܲһƷ֣

ŶỳӦһ

ֳĬˡ

ͣ½ŲںǰַֻС򣺡ǰ𣿡
Сӵ䣺˵˽ڡ

ỳǵ۵׶˼ǳЦ⣺ǰ

ڿѧʱ˵ԭ˽ڡ
˵ÿĸŮڡĸ׽ڡգ׼Ѿְһɿףա

ڲŻؼһ߼С᲻ѽ

Сķգ̾һ
ְ߰Ҳûãְֻǻᰲοѡ

ûи׼ء˵
ỳǴ¶һĴNɪ׼ˡ

СԲСŵؿŰְ֡
ۡ




68.  68   һؼҡ

ŵؿŹỳǡ
ְôأ

ع, ԴС÷ɿ졣
ỳǶӣٶȾܸС, ߺ˰죬ͷЩơĪ׼˽, ΪʲôҪС㣿

˽ڸûϵĸ׽ڲֵ׼ĽաỳڱȰš

ỳȰһ·, ò׵ͣСӿӳĪ롣
ίί˵軳׶дˡ

ôˣĪż˵ְˣ
СصͷְԼ͵͵׼˽, û׼

ỳǣ
һεľϲ, ƻˡ
һ, ԼŮƻˡ

Ϊ˺ŮỳǰԼĳ, ŰĪĳ

ڰȫϡ

ְֿԲµ׶԰ʲôỳǾһ⡣

עְؿһۡ
ֻ, ȻС, ûôƭ, ҡҡͷ, һš

ỳ, СԲĹĵĶƤҲ°˽ࡣ
̧ͷɵɵգգ۾
ỳǼװ˼ڤӣǲǻоʱߡնϺͺʶ

ȵԲ۾ԼСӣְô֪ѽ
ְħĶӾ֪ˡỳЦ˵һܲµʲôء

Īŷ, ҪЦ
ħأϿ׶԰ġʳסļ

ְͦСӡ
С̻ưͶ̡ỳһ

ֱ̫ˣ
ױỳǺˣҡֱϣְֽ̻ԼⱾ졣

ѧħԺ󰲰ڼҳʲô緹Сһڴ



һ죬ǹỳǺĪʶʮ򵥣ȴҲܰһ˽ڡ
Ǳ˴˽˽һ̣ǵЦⶼڲסġ

һȥְֵһȥСųɡo͡
ֱڣǲ̫˽ζʲô¶ؿڣû𣿡

ûСỳ˵ȵͯڵʱͿˡ
ͯڻҪۣСգգ۾

°ɡỳ˵

ܸоӦǺܳܳʱ䡣
ǲģ۰Ͱ͵س裬ʣǼѽ

Īóֻһ졣

ϣỳǺĪҸع˽ڣһߵİֵһС
Сȣָཱུͷϵ֡

¡¡¡¡С𽥸ܵ
һ죬ȫָͷȫָͷѽ

ỳǱΪһܴŮû뵽ܵĺʶҪþúþòܹ֮ͯᣬСͷְ跿˯ˡ
ְм䡣

ĪʧЦװÿһ춼ô棬һһģܿ͹ȥˡ

СѾְ˵Žʲô¡
콱ְĻƷ׶԰С˵֮ӣܲһͶڡ
С֣ԾԾԡ

ڣֻСֱĸ첲硣

ỳǺĪڰߣ˺һ
˯ˣǻ΢΢̣ҲУյĶͯ

ʱһһȥỳŵ´ᱧС

Ī룺
ỳ޹˽ڰ

ڹỳǵǿҪ£ĪȥԵķš

Űͯ͡
һ·ϣСڶҳÿһС

ƺԺ۾
ỳǺĪһۣԼģ½ԡ

ϰǰŰְ˯ŵģһԼͻȥˣöʧ

İʲô֪˼֮СԾڰְ֮䣬˯



Ǵůļڡ
³ĪͬʱӽŮǣͲµһ㣬Χ֮󣬻ǶԴ顣

ȻλӰ󣬵ҸоĪϣý
ҿ顶˫ǡĽɫܿɰ֮£Īݵøȡ
ͻҲܴܸоϷĪķ˿ϵܺãҲʼˡ˭ýǷ˿Ὺĵġ
˿˵ıȳĺʱһýҷ˿Ҫ˺ˡ
ͬ¥ϵģҷ˿˺ĪҲҪ˺һ˺ôߵĽһܣ˭ܺܣҰѻͷˣ浽ǻѶû

϶Īصľ۷׷ס
ˢˢֻ¡

Ҫǻصǰص¼ơʵϰĸǶʱڣҲһһֲ´󡣵ǣ˾֮Ѿеִ¡

ԭУǴǣӵкܶķ˿Ҳɷ򡣶ڣֻһͨԱһһεԾûϵڱĻᣬÿһССĽɫ÷ȡ
ĸ˵ȥʢ̫̫æǣһ뵽ԭ鷬ʢԵĹϵʵû취޹˼ɵʢҵİҲˣǻʢ𽥿ôϣ˵Ĺϵƽȵġ

ԴǺɡڣȦﲻС͸һ·߹׬ʲôǮҲ̤̤ʵʵ

۵ʱᱧӽ顣ǱֽĸŮһ˺ܶ飬Ǹ£ͬʱҲԼΪӳˡ

Ʋ֮󣬻ӳúܲ⡣
һСַſڵĹӸ磬ÿǮңҪչ˽㣬صҪѹ塣еľƣʼƽ⣬úֿ

ӳγ¥£Ӻվ˳ȴԼһᡣ
粢û

һΣ¥վǰ
ӳ˺ܶ࣬Ų֮ǰĺ

ԼҲʵĹ𽯺үӺԼ˽һжܡ
ֻǣ粻

˵ЩǼҵ飬ûйϵҺúܺãϣ㲻Ҫˡ
ӳһ˵Ҳô顣

һŮҿҪѵġʱˣӦòϹ˾ɣ

·һ׵ͷ£ӳ˶סˡ

þۺɢɡ綪仰ת뿪

ǡֽһУӦмʱ



Ѯӽ佱ʽС

һ죬̺ǹ貣ĪעĿĴڡ
롶˫ǡһͬϯ̺

Īһͷ߸¶ϸ޳ľһϮɫβ°ڹճŶ緢
һɫȹƮƮЦ˫

ʤһǳڱʵϣ˭ܵýʱõˮ©

ĪǷǳԱʧȥһ˫ǡû취ôʡ˭ýҶǿĵġҿλԱӦͬʱýֻϧӽŮԱĽֻһѡ

ĪӶЦ

佱ʼеļαڹϯϡ
ĪţʱʱҪյ˴˶˵ԣͬʱҲǽŵġ

ĪԣǲҪΧԱһϣܹõӽŮԱ١
ǣвûִ
Ϊڽϳ֮ǰǼҰСȭͷ͡

ǻС˵õõģûеõĻ´λлᡣ
񰲰һεõ˶ϣֻһʼΪ׶԰Ȥõ˺öĽ
׶԰Ѳ뽱ӣܲСѽָС

ʱĪЦˡ
ЦСӰһп̫򵥣תһ룬Ӳû˵
ᣬкܶĻᣬӽÿ궼죬ֻҪϷݺãܻõġ

ȻȻĪѾ佱α̨ŷ⣬𰸵һ̣ģ

Ī֣һ

еšֹ
ĪСҲýš

úЦڵǣ֣ǲΪǿ
ĪֻǰŻ¶ôɰһ棬ȻǴСһ𳤴Ĺۡ
֮ǰӽİ佱Աڽ֮ǰñ򶨵ӡֻĪ˵۾ֱֱض̨Ͽ̫Цˡ
ȽΪҡ
¥ϵıôᣬܾģ

ǹһӽŮǵĵýǡ佱αֵ˵ͲĽǶȣЦеӣ⽱֮ǰһΧƬ

һߣỳǺͰһɳϣŵĻ
ŮԼˣĪýҪúøףûýĻȻҪһٺúοһ

ý𣿡ỳʡ
Сص˵ͷģ

ΪʲôỳЦˡ

ΪʦʲôԸʱ򣬰˸ԸСͦСظͺֻҪµԸһܳƵġ

ỳʦڰ༶Ⱥ﷢һͼƬ
ʱæͼƬ֣ûϸһ˵ŵͷȺģҳͼ

ͼƬĵһУʦ⡪׶԰ҪСǹգʲôԸ

ǺǵĻش𣬰ѧС
СҪһй𻨸
Сһǡ
źСҪһźؿ
ʮһСɡֵϡ

ʮߺСѡ
˵Ҫ蹤˳

һ֣ỳǵ۵ȾЦ⡣
ӦЩĪĶԻ֪ܿĹ

Ⱥļ¼»ҳĻظ

ʮߺСʲôʹȻϣ蹤˳
ʮߺűҪǵı̫ˡ

ϣ蹤˳㻹ҪʲôỳСӵԸְͰﰲԸ 

￴ޡ˵

ỳǵǳ˳顣
ʢԵǿа֮£Сӿ˼Ȼζˡ
Ȼ˵̫磬Ըʵֲˡ

ӽŮԱĵ

ϣֱü٣ͷŵλΧŮԱ
ÿһӵţ·𶼱ø

ỳǺͰһĿתĻ
С̫ˣҧһǣǹζʡ

ӽŮǡĪ룡

۹ƴĪϣ׵
һĿ

飬ɽתΪȻЦſ˫ۣĪӵ

ĪĶϡ
ĺѵıС˵Ϊеˣ룬ĵġ

Ī뿴Цƽһʶִ⡣
֪ԼĺĵģΪýҲͬ顣

̨ѽߴ١

Ī뻺̨ԺоǷӳӰһ㣬طŹһ·
˿һʱ״̬ٴγʵ飬̷·ֻһգ۵¡

ֻԼ֪ⲻ̵ʱҪ
ҵҲԼ

˵ǣڵվ

ͷβ׽΢飬ʼϡ
ʱŻ̨Ī룬Ļȣûɢ

콱̨ϵĪ룬Ž˵Ż񽱸ԡ
Ļ񽱸Ծɼˣûᣬ۵׵ĹâǺӣģ

ԾأСʱ顣
Сѧ꼶꣬Īѧƺţվڽ̨ϣʦ䷢״ԼƷ
ĽĪõԶ۲òˡ
ʱĪһƶ˵һؾֵˡ

Ȼȵڶ꣬Ҳõͬһ꣬ѧУĽƷһͨǦʺУϲ

Ҫ˵ˣ˫ӰͷΣ˭Ҫأ

ѣѡ
ûеõôһʧź
һģһ˵ýͺãзˮ

ЦĪݵ˵ųġл
췽صĹԱȻΪѵ

󣬻илҵļˣллֺ֧顣ĪžͷǵЦøᣬһؼҡ

ûעĪĽָָ֮ǰĽָһµģúÿǹ͵𣿡
ͻȻ뵽һǰɼ佱죬Ī뵱˵棬˵ԼѾˣϣףڣһʱ䣬Ӱͥҵٴ˫գ̫Ҹˡ
Ϊһ·Īķ˿ŵǶʱһֱͻȻᷢһϢӰҺûС
˵ؼңǲð͹ܵؼѽä½ӰһҪһҹúףһ£

ӻǰỳǱŮҲǼ֡
Сӽǽϵ򱧵߸𣺡ۣ̫

ỳֽץסصǽϣףģ
ְ֣ݮ𣿡һף֣СӸ˷ˡ

ȻˡỳЦ˵
أʡ

ỳɵˣҪ򣿼ûС
Ͻȥۣ˵

ԣȥ򣬻ü

СӲԸҪڰְּϣСһ

Ůһ¥ȥڵϵ
ЬӶûдѾڰְֵǰҡΣСȭ˸ǰ塱ƣۣ



һߣ佱֮ĪϱķȲҪؼҡ
ڳϣóֻӽŮǻжϵۡ

ֻʾһ£΢š
Ǻ÷ܷܲŸУ

ĪʧЦ
ĪŰɣ

Ӻһ΢

V@Ī룬żϢ

Īת

ǣ




69. []    Ͱְһ

ĪỳǼϢһ, ϲѡ
ʱ䷢飬˵cpѾˣټĪ벻, ʵ˵ô, û˵л
Ψһɵģӻ᲻ͨ
, ýɷãĪľ˺ϣֻ˵˵˽¡

ллҵĹףʱĪ͹ֻϤѹ, һ򵥵Ļ, ý塣Ц˵, Ȼ֮ǹٷ˺ſܻᷢһЩƬ

Ӿȫȫס˺ڷǵ졣
ǳ, νĲƸ룬ǰⳡ, ֻΪֲ֮ǰûüɵźѡ

ýֱͺ, ϣӰ͹ܵĻ񰡡
, ۺ, ô÷˿ǿء
Ȼֱ, ֻҪ֪һ˲ھͷǰǾͷ⣬ôľͺ



˫ӰͷΣĪ뿪˺һ
Ǹϲ£ܳһʱ䣬ڼϢİáȥҽʱ, ҽ˵취ԼɣʲôãǻĪȥˣڣκʱ̶Ҫɣӳҽ

ÿһĪͻŸ͹ỳһ͡ȻĸöĵЦһжԵá

緹֮󣬷С𴲣緹һȥ׶԰
׶԰Ī¶͸ˣʱǽʱ׷磬׷ʱҪԵĤʱ䶼ŵġ

ڻӦ׼ʲôĪ˹ỳǵģһֲٰ죬Լֻȥѡɴ

ôÿĻɴܻûء°ͣĪ롣
ȻĪЦûϲˡ

֪̾ˣڼ˯ðţԱ˹

𣿡ĪԷġ
ֶˣûбһۡ

ĪԺûɴ֮󣬸˰
ڸ¼˴ϵİһͬվȫʱžжԷģ۵׶Ц⡣

Сʱ˵õģ˭ҪǽˣһҪ
˭뵽ͯһЦȻˡ

ԡ
ŵӦǣ³Ϊѣͺʮûȱʧһ㡣

ĪȻЩʧ
ЩӣǵļұԽԽãźȫȫֲǴʲôʱʼô˵ģ

ǰ
ǴӰ»صߵһ̿ʼġ

ĪĴ΢΢ļͥѡҵиеޱȵ㡣



һü죬СӷֻҪŵʱǶø߸ߵģЦ۾䣬ɺÿˡ

ĪһãỳǵҲǡ

ְ趼ģˣ
˾˵ԭȴͯڵĵǶôѵ飬һգ۾ͻᵽġ

Ȼÿһ磬ỳǺĪ붼һͰţʦһѣҳǲҪ԰ſѣû취ֻ³ǰ˭ͺӽ԰

۵𾢣Сӹƽظ취ְ裬ʯͷɡ

СְһԲȭͷʾǾʤ

źһӣỳǺĪ̲ס͡һЦ
ǰôôܻӭأ

׵ǣڰСǰ֡

ʯͷ

ְӮˣ

ỳǵش򿪳ţǣСӽ׶԰

Ī뿴һһСƮƮȻıӰ˼
Լ

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