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1.  ɾ      ⺣ǵķ

⺣ǵķ¹ӢްŲӴڹʷſڶذ죬ڸǮĻˡ
ްԭˣ³Ӣ¹ӢˣűӴϵģû취ԭһްȫҵһļֻ·˭ԭǸֻܶģÿ¾ͿѧУĲһµףɾԭĲƸԭһӷ֯רҵ֪ʶ
ѧУѾùˣ޶ѧУͦ˼ģ˵Ǹһĺõλ죬ͷˣǾ뾩һǧٶ๫ƱǶʮ߿壬ڱ˵·ˣԷǮûУٲ취ǮҪ꣬ʵٶȥҲȥһˡ
شǮ¹ӢãͦصĳѰǮˡ
¹Ӣǰӹʷ߳⣬ſڶʲôæӭȥ
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¹Ӣ˽⵽СˣҲѧǼйѧˡ
ͽɭһ˱ŸøӸǱʼǡ
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ģԪҪһҿԸһʡˡ΢΢һЦϣôЦʱ˵ġ
ϧ¹ӢϢըʱʶ㣬ûզ¹Ӣһ棬Ǻɫ׿޵ģڵİһɣڵİʲôһͨһĹһǲǮİȥǱ˵
ȥ˸˵ĵط¹ӢĲӣ鶳ˣܻһԪ顣
ǺһŽܼˣˣ˵ЦˣȥҲͻ飬ſ飬ȺлڣҪɣ
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Ϸɲ٣ŶҲˣȻ磬㲻ķҪҼǮһţԪţհٷ֮ʮģǮ࣬ؼڻţȱԪûû
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̯ͷû̧ʮǮһ飬
¹Ӣǳ飬⣬˺޲ʮεģȱټֱҪʮ飡ǵԩͷ

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ô룬Ҫǻؾȥ¼ҸĸеСεġĸÿ˯ǰ䡣
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2.           ¹Ӣޱ޵ҹ

¹Ӣޱ޵ҹۣܺĿգɴһ
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¹ӢϴѶӶһ飬һӱټϷϴһճƷ
ʮһֱԼ֤װԭԼ
֯ӣ¹Ӣ뿪ᣬ߳У԰
ѧУԱиƷչ㣬¹Ӣѱȶˣֻһ顣һëǮаɣëҲǮˡ
Ʒչվĸھʾ֣¹ӢŰһĻؾʡˣֳġһ֮£ôһ龹Ȼģ˵ǳˡ
Σ¹Ӣֻüһ飬˸ֳȥ˾ɻгþֱȥ绹Ҫϻ𳵡
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˻ûĸЩ˿žûɶϾɶûɶȤСӱռĵط󣬿塣
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СҲ˹ڵ϶Щֱ鿴һ飬õģҪˡ
ΧһֱСӣǲֱļƣһ൱רҵ½أһСӹǮ飬ʹҲѸ֣Ƭ̹¹Ӣڳʮ˿ֱ˸ɾ
ǮﲻŰһǧǮľ޿
Χ̯¹Ӣ񶼱ˣʵð̹⣬¹ӢϽЦǮ߬š
С̬ǻãЦкͨҲһţǿǮ
ӣһǸбµģŪô˻
¹ӢиһеСӺø³ʮǮС«ͭǮɶЩСʮǮġ
СЩҲ̫ʮǮлһλСЩСҲռط·ϴҲ㣬͵ˡ
СһͣɶʮǮģײء
ЩǵֳӷƷվܱߴģʱȷʵˣּëģ˼Ҹôպϵľ͸գٵҲֲⲻԺ뷹ˣѧأżѧѧʻҡ
ʮǮʹ죬ʼ۲۵ģҲ˳ԿǡһͭǮͭǮһǮһһʮĴָС«С«ֵǮ˳˸СͭȻ˸ɫСͭǮͺ«ͭװ
¹ӢӹСЦŵлԼĶ˾ɻг
ȥаŴۣһǧǮʣµǮźãȻվȥ
ǮˣҲ˵Ʊˣ˰ʮƱڻϻλ˯죬ڵվˡ




3.  ؼ         ¼ɹ

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Сֻȥĸһݣ´һռ̨һ˼ӡ
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Ǹõط˵۾ǻ
¹ӢǷȥֱۣۿҪˣæ˹ˣһﶼ˰컹ϰء
žһûֳвʣǰưͱ¹Զƽš




4.           Ӣӣֵǡ

Ӣӣֵɶ֣ܻ˲ĸĻһڣһ˫˫۾˹¹Ӣ
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ﶼĬˡ
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¼һһ㶵ġ
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¹Ӣб۾ۿŶԡ
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¸˶Ůһۣ̾Ϣһˣø˰
¹¸ĸ¹ԶӵĴ㣬뿪ֹŸɴĸĹȥˣܲöö˺ùֻǿԼӣıˣΪӴ㣬ھǣõĽǻũ
ֻϣӢܿסѹƵģɵһ
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ĸͿѾͷϴֱˣû뵽һһͼˣѾͷϰ˰ɣôǮ㣡һҲòǮ㣬ȥϵĴѧûΥ°ɣ㵹ǿ˵˵Żš¹Ӣһѡ
¹Ӣ۵ĳ־󣬡ʲô׻˵лƽݣⶼ֪ʶģȲ˵ϴѧѧУвԼҲǮûǮĶֵģǻģԼ޺õģȥôµĲɡ
ģĸֿ˻ҹŮզϢأѧûϡ
ĸֱ̾µһ㲻˵˭ܿǾɵİÿߺҹŮǳϢ˰ĸֱ֣һûɶ¶ӾԿˣ뵽ˣ¸һۡ
¸۰ͰͿֱù־õά󣬵öš
Ű飬Ǹֵġ
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ĸֱЦʮ˸ޣ˷쳵ɻģ಻㣬Ҹ
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¸ĸˣҲˣ¹Ӣû˵裬ҿּģҴȥҸùס죬ͷԼ볧ӽķӵˡ
ĸһˣ˵ɶ㣬סùʲôӣ輹ǲǣզûطˣһѣСʱ򲻶һѡ
ŹС¹Ӣǰǰ㣬һ˯ů͡
¹Ҳȥס¹Ӣ첲Ӣӣôˣȥ̫ΣˣһŮӣôԼסأģڼסҪǲһסݣ͸Ҽһڿ̾С
ϽԶԶԣҴ̾Сƽϱ˵ɶɶԴϱס󣬸Ψϱհ
¹ӢϽ֣ء
¸һˣ͸˯ʰʰ˯컹ϰء
ĸݣֱ¹Ӣĵͳͳսǰصץ˼ǳÿӷ飬ʣµĸǴŹԡ
ӺǣһЦˡ
ĸóһ죬¹ӢҪȥ̴˵ָͷһ㳤ɶģĺӣһ㲻۵ģοۿϢˣ
¹ӢСֶ˯̨ȥ˿̡
һҹûۣأϰߣ̫ϰأ䣬綼Ӵ촵ءȥ˾ȥⷿס˵ɶҲҪȥѷãˣĸҲ˰ɣܲܰװ˰ɡ




5.           ڶһ磬Ź𡭡

ڶһ磬¹¹緹ˣڸɡ¹ӢŴ֡
ڴǰ¹ڸɡ
¹¹ӢС꣬ʮˡ㣬СѧϰͺãǿͷǿоͲˣҺڲˣбҵһֱڼҰ˼꣬Ĺˡ
˺ôܴԣ¹ġ
¹Ӣ¹춼ر磬¹Ӣȥ¹볧Ѿˣǵһʽϰࡣ
緹򵥣࣬ͷ̲ܲˡ򵥳˵㣬ϰļ˾ͷ׷׳ˡ
¼סڼ¥¸߼·ܵӡ
¹ӢͿƶˣĴϣǸ䰡޶ҵҲǺԶҪﳵӶʮӣ·ǵһСʱ
ôһһ
ѧУǱе£˼졣
ʴڼϰ¿۵žž죬󵵰һգˣȥűɣҹ¥һ㶫һ䱱ݾǡ
һ칫¥һǸŰ칫İ칫ңǸ߲쵼͹İ칫ҡ
¥ĸ־мһͨǶԳƵһӡ
һ¥ռ䱱ݣһ칫һϣӴͨˣԵÿ٣칫ҵǳġ¹Ӣſһվţ˾Ϳˡ
İɣղ绰ˡ
ȥˣõȻŻأߣȴȥ칤ȥҽϼϼС
ϼá
ϼȥⷿ˹һЩͱƷ˳ڳתһȦص칫ңû
ʮ꣬ûϹѧһ·ӳ乤ġµԱҲӹһġԼûϹѧһѧЩִѧѹԼ쵼һͷˣѧĹʴȻˣƾʲôﲻʹ죡
һŮĸˡϼԱЩһһŮҲĴѧ
¹ӢСǰɣҶʶһ¡Լλãְ˶еǰ
棬վѵϲģʽ
λ־ΰǼϼԱˣʲôҪ̣λϼ㣬Ǵҵĳڣϵ顣
ͳһ·ġָͳ
׺ȿˮŵǵλһѧҰֵǼɼ쵼ǴҵӣҶŬ͸ɣǿǴѧҲףɵóǵıŲ㹼ҶǵͳӶǵ֪ɡ
ˣҲͲ˵ˣɢ˰ɡСͬ־ͬ־档
칫ҹаŰ칫Աš
칫һ߸ˣռӣʣµһһӡ
õģ
һ֣˶æȥˡ
¹ӢԼλ£ʼʰӡ
ŲСʣͬ־ˣ
ʮ¹ӢҲСص
ѽһСҶʮԺͽӢ˰ס𣿡
λ᣿ɶ
һ䡣סݻи̣Ҫס͸Ͻ룬סһݡ
ѵģ
ǰðʡˣƽʱסһӰ಻Ӧסɵӡ
ȥ룿ᰡ¹ӢţⲻӼĸҲûˣ˵ȥҲסţѰӡ
һҪסģסס˺ⷿⲻסԼסҵִԼһ徻סҲ
һǧ鹻ķˡ
ҡΡ
ѹĸˣͲҧˣ˵ǰǸģǳնİ칫ΣοǮɣЩǿ׳졣ֹ˶ףĶġߣκ¸£һֱǺء
ϼЩˣɶ˵ģǰ칫ңôСֹС
¹Ӣ飬һҲ˰ɡ
УΪϰ࣬ҧġ
¹ӢѴӿⷿ´ɱкëںã̾⳧治˹ճƷҲ
ͬ־ڶ¥ɣȥʱ·š
У¥䡣ָָͷ
¹Ӣ˸Okкȥ˶¥
û뵽ǵǸû뵽ﾹȻǷĴѧ뵽ӢôãǸѧҲΪ档




6.  ϰһ         һ

һ칫μԱһĸˡĸȨɴأͷҲС
ҹᣬʳãɣճͷȨֺ㣬Ҳܽ㣬ıֲãץС裬㱾˻ûɽģǿ϶÷㣬ٸйڵģǵø˷ʲôд֣۷֣ǹɨӵȵȳͷʩǮǮԳ˵ԽܵģǮ𣬻㷣ȥ˭ҺڰԳڹӦ˽͵
ӣһ˿ɲǳҵġ
ҵǹŵģ¹ӢţŽȥ
ͬ־˭ǰ칫ΨһŮͬ־ҲǳСӡ
¹Ӣģᡣ
ĸŵģ
ġ
һģǿ϶Ĵѧˣһֱ칤û
ˡ
ɫһ䣬ɫôϣĳ棬ⶼ֪֡
¹ӢʲôʲôͿˣ
˵ˣϴϴٴŸİ
ȻϽˣȻͿĹʣǹĵط涷޵ĵط㴩ʲôϰô𣬿ɱǳӷˡĻڵģΪѡİžͲˣѧء
ȫ֪Ķ֪ˣЩѧһǸƾʲôǣվȵȻæء
¹Ӣ
¹Ӣ˵ɶէֻڱϵš
̧ۿűֽⲻǸԪǸ
㣬Ǹ
ϳ¹Ӣˣʱʱ죬ʡ˵ʲôԪԪģȣ᣿
¹ӢػŶԲյС̣ոˡ
˵꣬Ŷȿֽ
պһҲû˵ʲô鲻Ըóһģɡ
һЩԱǷͥסַȻϢ¹Ӣùɷϡ
ձʣ鷨ûϹдһƯԭҲд൱һӣȥˡ
սӹڵĲٺˣ±Ҫǩ֣¹Ӣдôãôǩ֣
ոбҵҲĻˣдѾˮƽˣһ㣬дĲÿ¹ӢһȣƵϳˡҪǩ֣Ŀڻջǵģģݺݵ¹Ӣһۣһһǩ֣䷢ӳˮƽɸ¹ӢһԱȣԵָˡ
ֺ˲𰡣Ŀڶһϲȥ²
ӹյݹ뵥¹Ӣ֣Ҳһ£Ļãݹʦġ
˵ǴѧĸҲûôƯְ
¹Ӣ˳õԿףøһᡣ
һѧֻŮģ£û顣
ʣеģһҲ˼ѧеģ豸еĶϴ󣬶ǽ˻˺ӵġ
ܸоڲͬͬʱࡣʱӲȥġ
¹Ӣһʹ¹ӢߵĽһЩоȻͬˣͬˣڳаȫһЩ
¹Ӣذ칫Ҿװѹˡ
뻹ǰѿֵ¸˵һȻ֪۵ɶ֡
һ䣬費£¶ǶٷˡȻֵ˲Ӱ칤ʣϲÿ
˵Ҳǣȥ춼֪ⲻϸ
¹Ӣͷ룬Ҳ֪
֣ˣ»ע⡣
¹Ӣ֪ˡ
˶ţԺɱĴŻ۷ˣȻµ׿˱ʾһ˵ҡ
֪ˡһ˷׷Ӧ
¹ӢһЩ˽һ¼ĴҲûܣܿɶЩѧͰװģ㼼ʵӾ飬ûָЩѧ뿿ϲֱ쿪

һٶܷÿ췢ŷƱʳóԣҲԲԣµķƱµ׿Դʳû
¹Ӣͳһ䷢УһȥʳáÿڶųĶӡ
꣺ڶڴ򷹵ĴŮʼʼ칤ϴÿδǴ򷹣ر㡣
¹ӢڵڶڣŲ
ˡһȥ٣ʢһײ˿ڷּͷŷϡ
üЦлл̡
¹Ӣ̣Ǵ¹ӢһҲǷֵĴѧ
ϸ˳򣬰˼סˣЦʢһײˣ¹ӢͬĴ
˸Է
꣺۷ֵϣǴұ˵ˣÿҲñ۸֡
¹ӢûɶӦѹȫǳţ칫Σ˵ǰǳ˾رǴ¸˵¸ˣһߵġ
¹ӢˣΪ¸ĹϵǼ컮ֵˣѵǴ˵еϵ֮Ϊ˼վˣ
¹Ӣ찡Ϣͨİ
ϴҵģϴͦõģȥ֪ˡ
¹ӢԵеšͷͲ˶ûꡣ
ʱѾѷиʵˣʣµϳԣǾʡϵķƱˡ
¹Ӣһ£Ǻʣһأ¹Ӣϧʣ彡ɣûҹӦòɡ
ٻһأһɶɶɶɶûгҪԵԼģڣľϱӵЩʳԵĳԲģҹλʱ֣ضԼô᲻Ǯȥأ
ǴѧгǸڱģ̫̫ڱóԣǾ²ںڵģ߯óԡ
ϧϱӵˣǳԲˣǮҲԲˡ
ⱲӣˣɶͳɶίԼ죬ԺȡԱȫ硣
ڣ¹Ӣ̾һʣʣ˸̰ɣȥ˷ӣͺúøԼС죬Ѽ¿ţĶٳŶкʣˮԺɶ󲻹ģԾ
ϰ࣬ǲǻҸǮ·ӰȻͿʣ㲻Ժȵ밡
Թ˻Ϣһ
Ҳæһ󣬵磬ֹ¹Ӣû£Һûɶ£ĸԱֽĿֽ죬ϼ㻹ë¡
Ķɲ١
¹Ӣ⹤Χֳλĺˡ
¹Ӣ￪ʼˣ죬ĹܳԹסɣǰȥһЩ£˼ϰյģĽĲˣϧȥĶǹϵҾһ㸸ĸ޿ģĹֱ̫ࡣû뵽һԽȻĺõλ




7.  ĸת         ¹Ӣ˼ҡ

¹Ӣ˼ң͸ĸ˵¡
᲻סײס˵ܲסջأָҪˡȻ¹ӢϹŪĸġ
һˣʰ¹Ӣȥ˳㿴ỷ
ⵥλãһٷ𳧣ֻ緹ǻס°໹һͷλǲһ
ձߴ鱾߶ȥᣬĩҲҪؼҵģ֪ɡ
·Ըϴ˾ûڲϰˣûϴ
մ鱾ȥ졣
裬ʰˣҰЩȥУӴֵģӷһסֱӷˡ
ɶҲ
ǿɲֲǲ֪޷Ǹɶġ
ҵĸԹԡ
ĸսҧ䣬һ¹ʶǮ
廹֪أ˵ʮǮɡ¹Ӣ˵ģٻҪ³ѹʷ֪
˵ʣ¹ӢҲǱȽģⷢĶ࣬ⵥλǵµĹʵ·ÿʮžͷµĹʣ⣬Ҳ˵ҵĸԹԣвѹʵĵλѽΨһÿҪࡣ
ĸһҵĸԹԣָһӣʲǵʮˣܷʮࣿ⹤ʶ쵼˰ǵλˮƽôߣĸβˡ
ܰ˵˹ʶʮҰɡⲻѧڴѧϡЩѧǸĸ
찡һ͸ĸˡ
ûץӹεһһ֣ҵݺĿ-ǾϳеСӿϴѧԺÿ춽ѧϰҲѧͷŮҲôСÿѧն־оһ̾Ҫսˡ
¹Ӣбĸ֪˰ɣǴѧɲǰϵģҿǼ˲ţܸҰһ񵱳Ҵ㣬Ҫǵ˻ƣҲǼ˲ţӦҲٶ١ͨʮң߼ƻһ㣬ܻ񴦳ʲŻʮϡЩǲĸϸ˵ġ
¹Զһ²ʮǮʮʮе󰡣һ뵽ǰһһʮǮĹûˣľ;Ļšһ²ʮһöǮöǮүĿۣˣЩѣȥҪεˡ
¹Ӣ㵽ֹʡֵǻ¡
裬ģǮ˿϶Т˳ȻҲڼס㽻ټãҲ١
´һ½ʮ飬´ΪǽӵĸĹӹʱ˵ˣһ½ʮ
ջ˻񣺡㲻ãֲڼҳԺȵġˣб£費һǮǮǵһһʮһ߰ٶأôǮն¹ӢһСѾͷôǮЩģû˵ѹʽܵĻֻһĶ¹ӢǮ˱һ
ǿ϶ҿ϶һȻ˵ˣǼҾͲϽˣ裬ÿТʮ飬͵͵
¹Ӣ⻰˵üЦԴӲϰϰµģѹֶ˵Ǯ˵ûԴоӶСˣƢҲˣȻҲпΪƢƽȥˡгϢŮǻʶӣ˵ˣָŮܵĲ
¹Ӣɩأôû
Ϳ¹ӣûžӰ
Ʋ죺ˣһ磬СˡСžСŮ
ž£νӶˣզģҾͻ£ﻹʡٷ
¹ӢһͲٶ໰ϱԹžûмܴĺõġ¹ӢŲϣֻҪĸԿС
ҲžӲ̥ŮڼƻԽԽˣ˵Ӷ֪ͨˣԺֻһ˭ҪǸҳͲϰˡ˵ֵģԺ뱧ӣָֻСˡ
Һ۵ѹŮһΪ˴ŮپΪӶ۰ƨĺӶ֪߰Ÿɻ
ĸԼɹܲɸ¹Ӣʰһӣˮһ£ŵΣŵ㽴ʹףһܳԣʳûˣáƿҲϡ
ʰŶ¸¹ˡ
գԶأôûһ
ȥĸˡ¹һ䣬һ仰˵ϴֻ֣ȥһˣĹǳİװһ춼ͣ컹ͷһϰ࣬ЩӦ
ʱƽˡ
ĸҵû
ƽû
һĶûһãôҵģ˵㻹һˣҲϹ󹦷ˣڼҿĶȥˡɲ԰׷ġ
ƽ죬û˵ȥϴȥˡܿƮ˲㡣
¹ӢⷹĿ԰ġ
գҲһŵˣҪǿܸٺ÷ķϣҿɲšԼŮǮѻĺܣⲻǳģʹƽǺҲûаĸŮĿͲ˼˵ѵѵ
˷ĸʹŶһ¹Ӣ͵ᡣ
һСʱ·Ӳ˿Сʱĸ˾ʹ磬˸߲ҵ˵¹Ӣĵλжãȵȵȡ
ˣüһءˬ·硣
¹Ӣûٸĸȥֱסᡣ
ĸдŻȥҲġ
Ϩ˵ƣĸ¸߶¹ӢĹʡ
¸ôࣿ
գǻм٣ӢӿǴѧأӢ˵ˣǼ˲š
¸Ĵ̶ôһѾͷҲ꣬զѹʽ㣬ôûأǮˣզܲء
ըˣͷӣ´ӢӻֱӸӢ˵ſ첻ϵбҵأǵѧʮأͰˣԼ˴ѧҲûҪһǮզǮˣҪ
¸˿̣ʱﲻԶҪ飬ǮˣǮѧҲаÿҶָ꣬ĳɣۣ۹Ҫ˰
ߣûȥ˵ǻ˵ȥǼȥ˵ģڿɲǰˣȲ˵ӢӴˣҪӢӱˣҪǰӢӣû׼ῪڣҪ߯߯ƣòסǮŮˣҲǳֲסǮģϽ϶ҲñŲȥŮùͷŮء
ֻԺǶһ㣬ˣҲܶТ˳һ㡣ӢӣбǮɣǸ˵Ǯģ˵ģͷһŮأӢӸǿ˭˲Ľ˵ǱֵǮˣǶֵҲֵǮ




8.  УĴ֣         գ

գΣʼǸʳˣһģˡհñΧͳͳժһģͿʼ״Ǹˣ˵һ䣬䣬ûܹڳûô
˵ȫһǧˣһ񣬷ǵǸ񴰿ڣôô¶࣡
ֲ뱨ֽһ߿һʣʼ칤ǹ鼼ɣ
գɲûһõģԡ
Σ˵ǲָʹİ
գҿǡ
ǲأͶˡ
յͷԣǲùǴҲù
˵ˣ˵˵ˣһСˣϾۡ
Σ˼ǣ
˵أղ˵ͦλ𣬷²͵ÒҸû
֣˵Ķ԰һ˵һȻʰǣǾϱߵˣ˭ס취ܹס˹͵ˣηģ½Ҹˣ֤ѼƷˡ
շۣƨ
ʱһڳſڲٵˣȹһˮ
˵ˣ
գˣһ͸ҺʳóһΧۡˣ
裺Ҫ˰ȥúýѵһ١
һţʲôˣϽĲ㡣
¹Ӣ⼸Ϥ˳ӣ˰û¾ڳΧתƣſʵķӣ˳ܱ߷ݳԵõġ
˰࣬¹ӢڸתƣѰ÷ӡӵļ¥ڳӱߣ¥Զһ涼ϷӣһլҪ⡣
ⷿӶŶԺӼԺӲƽǸСĺԺͷˡ
ҪģҧһֲˣһǮתͷߣ˵ˣһ򶼲ⲻ
ɷô룬СԺ游Ƶģ˿ģһ˵¯ϻǸůͣҪԼԺӣȨҪԼˣ᲻ԣ飬һֲ١һʱûȥ
һʮǮܺõķˣСĺԺҪʮ飬һ˭𰡣
¹Ӣϲϲⷿӵķ񣬹ɫģԺӵĸֺͷλҲãľԺһӣ޵Ŀǽˮѧˮⶫ¹ӢֵԭС;ⷿӿסſ϶Ҳ˵ˣһƬڶչҲпҪǨ˿϶
֪ҪͶ˼ϧһǧۣǮ߯ࡣ
Σ¹Ӣ
ԺﵹʲôȱǺܶණϾˡﵹǻʣһЩú¯Ƥġ
һǲǮġ
¹ӢȥھӼҽȰ¯ůˣҲʰޡ
ڷλү۾԰һۣرϢ˵ܿף˿̿ʹӰæ͹
ʮǸúӣ¹Ӣ¯ɨˢˢɨɨʰԺӣСԺʰˣ¹ӢȰȰס
¹Ӣô˼
ͷҲûɶܸлģҲûУֻһллͣ
ʮŪûôӴôƯĽأǰүү·ŵʱ򣬱˶ٶҲûôл
ʰԺĻ˼ҡ
¹Ӣˮûס
ů¹Ӣʰһ˰ȥױ죬ͷסˡԺҪСԺٰԼװһ¡ϰ·Ҳʮӣͦġ¹ӢˣԼסĵطˡ
תֵգ¹Ӣרȥʳôһˡ
칫ҵϢ乤˿ɲգǶǵݻߵݡԣʳҲճġ
˷ȥ̵ƿѩࡣ
һƿԼãƿǸĸ¹ġϴϴ̵ģ֣߯ϴλȥĸ϶ѿˡ
¹ӢһЩƷ˳·ƷĺԺȥ
·ӰվſڣŵӰš
ò˵⳧ӵ൱ȫ̵꣬Ӱӣ˵컹иˮơƵСжСѧ
ֻĸ¹¹ӡϰϰ࣬ҵĻҡ
ֵһ¹˶ǰѧϰ
Դĸ˽⵽ϴѧҪԺ¹Ҳûܳȥѧͱĸǰ飬ҲŹ
¹Ӣţ¹¹Ӣ¶˸ͰͿЦ¹Ӣ̯֣ʾúѧϰ
⺢ӣʲôѩࣿúüɣͲ͵ˣǸһëǮһ˶ˣô˵ϵЦֹֹס
¹ѩ˻ˣǰʱѩȥϴĨˡ
¹㣬ţ㡣
¹Ӣͷţȷʵ
¹á
¹ӢЦġ
¹Ӣڰ
գˣֳȥˣ˵˲óȥóȥǲԲ񣡡
¹ҲҸŴˣ˵˵ɶҲһɣ˵Ǯ˸ɽӺͻӣдԡ
һˣǺҵģջ䣬һ£̾Ϣһȥ׼緹ˡԼŮķϣͲˡ
հ¹Ӣ˷һϳԣֳ˸ײˣＸΧһ緹
¹㣬ǵλķóԣࡣ
¹ֻʣͷͳԼ͵ͷڳ壬ÿβͿʼϳ˷ҹѹöأⰡζڳ⡣
¹ҪҲȥϰͺˡÿܳĲˡ
ҿαȽϿ졣Ѿͷĺ϶Ҫ飬ϧѧˣȥֲ
¹˺ߣ˼һһˣ
㣬·ôûû´ûҸϴ
գѾͷһƿѩһˣͰˣﻹֻŽɱ𱻳һһСĸˡ
¹ˣ裬˵ʲôأҲŲᣬôҲתһ졣
Цһš




9.  ż         ¹ӢڼҼ鸨

¹ӢڼҼ鸨¹ĹΡڵ磬¹Ӣû೤ʱ䣬ǰͳˡ
쵽ĺԺʱȥݣڵ
ں
߳ԱĭӣģҲ̫ˣ죬ûץסһǼҲѵĽûסһ
뻤Ľģĭɨ¹ӢˣʾϽ졣
ͷ߳ԱͻȻûˣãȻ̧ͷÿĴ¹Ӣһ½㣬ߡ
裺ⲻǼµģ˵ʲôһɶġ
ʶСզʶ¹Ӣģ
˵סڵǸ㡣
裺˻¹ӢǸʮⷿӵɵȱԩͷ
¹ӢһȦˣֻһиλԥһ£֣ͣǱȥ
裺ߺⲻǵλĴѧˣҲСã롣
̧֣ϰ壬
¹ӢϽ֣òãԼԼ
裺ɶһλģ㻹סۼҸڣôҲھˡ
¹Ӣ
½㣬Ҹ硣
裺׸磡
ͷ
¹ӢŶԭˣ׸Ҳƾ㲻׸磬Ҳմ״ʵġ
½㣬Ҳڶ೧ϰడ
ţ
¹Ӣ˵Ż߰Ǯ˳治룬Լ
һɣզǲ
СʱҲ޸Сһү·ţũסţ϶û¶ٵģܾ۸ĸֻʣүүʮĵܵܣɲ͵óһƦȭͷ
ҪǺ磬˵ͱˡ
¹ӢǮҲǣҲǣ治ʲôӣûɶ飬ɶӲӵģ濴ƦƦľҪǿڹɶ͵ϣ뵱ȥ
ʱһҪǹⲻȥͷˡ
¹ӢǺǣǺ룡
ǰǰ½㣬پҸɡ
¹Ӣаɣллˡ
裺ͶˣǣҲŶʮ㻹溰Ҹ簡ͷɱ˵ռ˰
ʮû⿴ŵжʮ˰
¹ӢҲʮ
ֱĴȣ찡̫ˣµģأ
ʮһµġ
裺 ٣㻹ú硣
裺զס᣿˵ӷ˵ǲаǮյģ
¹ӢǺǣаҿ㲻ֹа̳ܲģúӶ£߯
ҪסᣬҪҼҷӣҼһһ䷿զҺƽʱסᣬҲأסҼңƽʱϴϴ̵ľУֻһǮ⣬զ
¹ӢǺǣզԼ·ϴأϴϴ̣ŷ⻹ǵķֱοϷ
¹ӢӲ磬軹ᣬǿ¹Ӣò䣬Ǹѧϡ氡ҳûɲƱƼ䡣
˳˷춼ˡ
ﳵӳġ
гк¹Ӣ½㣬棬ﳵӼɺˣῪ
һ£СӣССͿúÿľ֪ˡ
ֶ˴г⳵ӣ͵ôȶ˻ﲻá
¹ӢҲһңҲ߯ܰ⳵˵ˣг°ɡеԴ
߰ɣɣʡ·ˡѾڳϵ֧ˡ
Ǿлл¹Ӣڽ˺¹Ӣסڣһţ¹Ӣ͵˼ſڡ

ؼҺ¹Ӣˮ򵥲ϴһ£λӣȥһأܹЩɨĿ⣬ǲָָֹ㿪ǻȻи˵ʲôĲtmԺûȥ
һ߲ϴһ߻ǰԡԡףԺͶϡ
ҹ¹Ӣˣ豨Һ׼ó̵껨Ǯȥ˲
˸ˮƿֺȱˮ¡




10.           ¹ӢС

¹ӢЩ㱣۵ģǰҲۣڸۣ۰͵ܡ
̣ҽûθڣУĶҪ
̲ŲأͷûθڵģֻΪ¹ӢĻˣСᣬƤ˼ҪĶࡣ
¹Ӣ̿һ࣬ʢһСˣּһͷСϣͷһǣ˶ˣ˻⼦쵼Ĵ
һ׶ˮ
¹Ӣ
¹ӢЦһ£һ仰Ҳ˵Ų鸡˸λóԷ
¹Ӣ˼࣬˰ͷʼƤ¹ӢиëǳͷƤԺƽʱǿƵģûٵڰͷƤϾڰͷƤΪڲгΪڣ͵ܣۣ۵ԴۣоҪƵģʶʼͷƤǿ࣬ԿͷҲһûһĳڣʵǳԲˡ
ѼڴϵͷƤʣµС˺ͷԥҪҪʣµͷҲڴʣµСǴỹֱӵͰỹҪһ·ʵǲߣ𷹺дͲ˶Ͱȥ
ԷŴ󱦿æסͬ־ⶼˣ
¹Ӣͷ
㲻˸ҰⲻءΪ֪ÿδ򷹶ǼĴر࣬ԶԲ꣬ǱӲ֪Ӽÿζԡ
¹ӢĿ⣬ҳʣġ
ʲôʣʣģΪûûӡǲǴԣʡķƱҪˡ
ûҡ¹Ӣ㶵ؿǰŮͷܳԳôҲס
Ŵһ۾һ¹Ӣ˹кӣѲ˺ȫԼֳƮŵͷƤҲЩÿӲͷƤѷԼﵹֱԼķеˡ
¹ӢﻹʣһЩ࣬̾Ϣϧˣϧˡ
¹Ӣӹ˵ӣʣͷƤһЩķУӲЦ˰԰
ŴЦۣ߰߰ɡ׬ߺ
¹ӢŲ鸡ߵſڲԶĻͰԡ

һͿ¹ӢˣʣȥԥһŤͷװû
ɲʱʳãһ۾ͿˣһͿס¹Ӣ֡
ðҴסˡ˷ʳɳ㲻֪С尡ûģôõʳ˶㻹ԣëϯ˵ˣҪڼԼ㵹ãʳﵹҪǰҾ͸ϴñȥ
¹Ӣ˶µģ͵˵ͷƤһʣ࣬ôͱ˵ôˣʲôסˣԤıİ

գ裬ɵվǸɶأ
ϴǴ¹Ӣ˵㣬¹Ӣͬ־̵ļ֣Ҫȫ֣ͷǳٿְᣬ㵱ȫϴ󣬺ôҶΪ䡣ûдü飬ûȫǰ췹Ʊ
һͨɫǸʹ죡
裬Ÿʲôñʼ
Ҳû취ʱôҲøͳһսߡ

¹ӢְȨҾ͵Բ࣬ôҪȫˡͰⲻʣ𣡡
ֻ𣬻ͷ
ͷƤ¹ӢŲŭĿӡ
ðȻʱɣͷƤģʳõͷ࣬Ͷߵ˫ࣿ
˭⳧ûµˡ
裬Ļͨͨⶼʱ˼֤ݡ
¹Ӣ̣ƨʱ˼룬֪ʲôʱ˼𣿡
պǺǣҿ϶û

¹ӢˣҪ쵼ǻˣ
ȥѽ㵹ȥѽǱ쵼ģͷһμԼҪȥ쵼ģǺǣջͲ±쵼˭Сӣ˭˵ˣ⻹Լֱ쵼ָʾأ˭




11.           ¹Ӣߣ˦ˡ

¹Ӣߣ˦˲վߡ
պ
°һ㵹߿㰡ôĥĥģǲǲȥˣʵʵϷ͵ˡҸǰʲôᣡ
¹Ӣֹˣˡ

ңĺŲˮֽˢıƿžһײǽϣص¡
̧ͷ뿴˭ô󣬸ˤҵš

¹Ӣȷʵһӻûй
ΣǴҵԱ̫ˣȨáʳõĻͰǷŲʣģ涨涨˲ܵʣģ¹Ӣǻŭʡ
գ˷ʳǲԣ
¹ӢҲеģôץץҡ
գð㻹ʳˣ˵ô˭һ˷ʳˣ
¹Ӣ⳧ӵ˻ûȫأ˵ˣ֪Щ˶ɶҲ°˼ָյ˵
գߣû˵˰ɣ˵ɣ˵ˣ˼Ҳֻһأͷġ
¹ӢٴδǿͷƤ
գͷƤͷߣʱɡ
㣬㣬¹ӢˡѾͷƤӿ湻ġ
¹ӢΣ˵
еİѱֽƪ㴦˵
¹ӢֱԼʲô˻ˣָ̫۸ˣ̫۸ˣ˵Լ䣿ûʸ˵
¹ӢӿסᣬƿֵȺ˳ȥ

¹Ӣܻؼ˵һ飬˵˵ˡ
С¶˫۷Сģ۵ģϧˣˣͷϧҲֻϧԼˡ
治ϣˣأк̨ʱ䳧ĶǼĽҶǱģҲ˵ǿĶѵ㣬иҲãҲܷһʱˡ
ѧͲ˵ˣͷһ͵ԼˣʱԼҲ൱ﻰҲġֻ¹ӢɣɵĵǻУǶԼ̬Ȳ䲻ȵģоо밡ÿԸССĽѵ֪⳧ӣûԼŵĺҲƣ̬ȡ

ĳС°˷ʳȷʵ̫ԣǰᣬûԹ࣬뵱ּ꣬ĵʱ򣬰ƤԲݸгģ˵ᰡ
ƪ˵ǰĿӡ

¹Ӣ꣬ʲô˼ֱ˵ǡ
С°鲻£˷ʥ˭޹ǰɣҪҪڳеһеͬ־˵ǲǣ

¹ӢŤͷԼλˣ
ǶԼ۸ǰɣһĶǺ
¹Ӣʣӷĺ񱾣ˢˢʼд顣

Ϊɶ˷˵ʳΪٸǿˣΪԣˣȱʳˣʹǶȣúÿһ䣬˭ԼĴ̡
һƪ壬Դţֱ㰮ĸļˡŹӢβĸ̾ţҵǿͦ˼ҵҰ㣡
ͨƪԼƤˣⰮ̫¶ˡ
ڵ˶ǺģǱİҲǺģ˭ô¶ǵİ߰Ƕ಻˼

¹ӢдͰѼ齻ˣ˵һ䣬Ťͷߡ

齻ңտû˺¹Ӣдôдˣ϶дһǺŪ˭ء
סˣ˺˻ͷ˼Ҫ۽Ҳûˣдųң˵
˵ô˵ͷǴһѼ翴ģϲдĺõˣѾͷдĹƯģԸۣҲʡдĿˡ
ðֻܰ㵽ˡ

죬ֽż飬ˣͰĲˡѾͷʲôģôôǿģдҲֱ̫ˣҲԿ˰ɡ
άﴦҲڣôӦϽչȥʲô
Ӻ㣬Զ㡣
άݣһûϴˣһζӲߣǸͺ˵Ϊд¸ץͺġζĲС
дҲ̫ˣıֱܣҪˣûȱһƪ¡˭дģдĺãҲƯ۳ӻ˲ţϸõһԱ󽫣ѹͷϵͷҲܶ찡ȻôȥǺܿҪͺˡ
ά˽һ龭ץҪȥҳ˵ʲôҲҪô˲Ū
ѧƾʲôһҲҪһ




12.  ů         Դ¹Ӣдˡ

Դ¹Ӣд˼ֺ󣬸о칫ҵķΧͲһˡ
־ΰˣͲô˵ϼ̬Ҳ䵭ˣʱߣ˵Ҳ͵͵˽˵
¹Ӣֱ
Ҳûյ飬ǰڰ칫ң˵ЩģһҲ˵һ䡣
о˶ܿͼ롣

Ҳǣ̬һȷȻ˶ӣϾûԣҪǴҶ¹ӢߵĽǲ˸

¹ӢԸоӲùֱζܡ
¹ӢĻǿʱʱͶԼ˵һ䣬ǮģǮģǮģ
øɶɶ³³䣬óԷȥԷʱһ㶼߳ԻؼԼҲһЩƱⲻϡ

һĶ࣬¼Աдݼɶ°Ǯ۹ģɶߺ㳨˷ĳԣԲϽųԣüûƱˣҲʡһŷƱ
ڶ޳ô꣬°˭˵ĺߺЩ˰ǱȨͼɱ˫ۣѹ˼һأС¹ɲһˡҪǸСϷ£ͲʳóԷˣҲҪܼͷİɣ㿴󣬳ô˶ָָ㣬Ҳ£Լøͳһ㣬С¹Ͳһˡ
ϴǵСͬĶ¹Ӣ˵Ҳ˵¸¹ӢߵĽˣСЬҲǣǸС۵ģ룬ֻȰŮű¹Ӣڱ˵˵ģԼҹŮﵨСȰȣɲˡ

ò˵жˣѩ̿Ѱһ̬ȣ˵Ҳһϵο壬һС簡Ҳѩ̿ˡ
Ŵ⼸ŵ㵽ʳãΪ¹Ӣ
Һλ£æ˹ȥ¼Ա϶ֳԲɣ
¼ԱˣС»ӢӰɡ
⼸ԷŴţ¹Ӣܲ٣ɢ١ȻһԲȵġ
ҺӢӰҲţСŹֱŤģǰĺЩҲСء
ҵ£µ¡
ɶŵģţ»Ųɣ
¹Ӣһ£˾ͺã
¹ӢĲ˲һŴ󱦣ͷҲһ
Ŵ󱦳˸⣬
¹Ӣǳ鴤ǰ
Ŵ󱦷ۣǰԲ¡

¹Ӣ㻹ôĲףôĵĻ¹Ӣû˵̼
Ŵ󱦳¹Ӣô෹е㲻˼ÿ춼¹ӢӺͷУˢˢϸƤģˢְ̣һñʵ֣ɴֻ˵ˣ㻹ûûأģˮô尡ƤˣֻɾС
¹Ӣ۵ܣȷʵˮŮ˰ÿô뱻ǻֻû뵽һŮ˸ǻˡ
Ŵˢ컹ͣӢӰ˵ĵҸɶİҸ˵Ҷãɵúú
¹ӢҶ˰һʮĴһҲholdס
ǣƲˣҿǶ޳Ů۳ӵŮ㰡зһ˵Ƕ޳ģһ޲ðȢؼң˵ˣһͺҿֵĺǳòҶ࿴һ۵ġ
Ŵ󱦸¹Ӣһ
¹Ӣ̲סЦͻȻ;ãŴӻɰģǸɰӡ

¹Ӣӵ֪ͨȥ칫һˡ
칫Ҽ˵Ŀ˲ۼ
¹Ӣ´˰Ȼˣҿֱӹ鳧ܵģҲǣ¹Ӣȥ׼û¡

¹ӢҲһ⣬ڰɣ»ˣ⳧Ҫһأ
¹Ӣǿ򶨣ڰ칫˵Ŀȥ¥




13.  ﴦǸ         ¹Ӣ顭

¹ӢŽ˳ңûü峧ͱǰάסˣ¹Ӣͬ־ɣãǼҿˣд൱ðǴѧĲɣҡ
¿һάעִ硣
ά쵼һۣæֹסͷ
˺Ӳתҵ޶ģʱŵְλǱӴӳͬȼ˭뵽˼ϳءάأµְԱǸӣҲתҵˣ͸ųµˡ
¹Ӣң
ҲīģأдĲﴦڳϡ
ҵȫֻУôҪǱȻ˼׼ⷣҲ̫˰ɣһٲ𣿷Ҫ˵Ƥôϲֲȣ
άһ¹ӢˣϽͣдĺã㿴ı鱥׵ĳȱһƪ£Ҿȥ

¹ӢգգۣطӦˣͷҡ˹ģвСԲС
׵ĺʷôܵǳϣҪǱ֮˰ѱֽԼһӵ۵ˣôУ
ͷ٣Լ㵱Ŵҵ֣ʱһҲ͵ˣҪ˱ǿɲУǿ֤ݰⲻǿ
άˣҪ˵̧ѹȥˡ
ɣҪͬǱͲ㵱ȫˡ

¹Ӣ˼һҪҲԣҵ΢ĸġ
άͦˣĻøģͨƪܸж¼Աһųϵİ֮İ硣
¹ӢðɣﴦҪô˵ǷҪôǸˣһѾı飬ȷˣﴦǸ
¹ӢǺЦ쵼ˡһǵøĸģģҲ󶯣Ͱѿͷĸġ
ðҼǼ滻ɱģü鲻ǼܵǱ
¹Ӣٽ˵ˣܲܽмɣȻҪǱ۾ͽ̰ɡ
άֺ֣ã̫ˣͽ֡С㾡ģܸĵĸá
¹Ӣһˣлл쵼ءﴦ治
˲Сͷ˼һͬˣиҪأûʱСϳƤҪάĥӲݣˣ߿ģ治£¹Ӣǿ϶ǲеģ˼һѧ֯ģȥдʲôƨ£ǲ˷˲Ҳˡ
ά˵С°㿴ܲÿ³дƪ°ڳ϶Ⱑ۳ÿ¸ͶĲ٣̨Ĳ࣬ûÿҲдƪͶ

¹Ӣ ң⹤ͦæģûôʱ䡣
д¶Ѿÿ¼ƪҪżдһƪҲˣ϶дÿ¶ҪдƪҲ̫ĥˣⲻ൱ڳڴݹֻһǮ

£զո˼֣Ͳܸ㹱ˣ
ʹʹ׹̫¹ӢҧҪżдһأҿ϶û⣬ⳤддѹҲ̫ˣҲѧĵĳİҪһǵȫְɡ
ȫ֪Ķ֪ˣΪϡĴѧûʱһʱ䣬бˣɲ۵ĻȡڹһƴƨʱͰȰ£˵ʴˣû׼ҪһΣøǵʱûڳĻԭһ£ݵΩΩФ¹ӢͲֹײһء
⳧ӣƨ¶ܸڿഫŪȫ֪ο⵱ǱƱҪдֵġڳӵǧٹѹƶҹεĵ̨ء
¹Ӣ룬ҲһˣܲȻǲĺã

£㣬
Ҫֵµı翪ˣѾͷƬӣʶٰ̧
άϽС°Ҫǵϳиѵġ
ѣУ٣
άȿȣǧһ顣
¹Ӣ֧ľйȥȤĻ˸Ŷ

άǳĳСû棬ѶǳӲģҰǹձģ۳д£ҿ԰㶼ƸǸѸߣǧʮءҪдĺûе

ǧʮ飿еͷѸĿ԰ÿҪдǧ֣൱һµĹˡ
¹ӢʣһݸͶֱֽ˼֪˲̫ðɣһͶ

άôܽͶݱֽأǳҪǳĹˣֲӯʵģձȫеģĸǴǳͶȥģǳͶģ϶Ҫдڶ޷ĳ˭˭˭Ҫ˹ձҲǸ۳ˡ
¹Ӣԣ
άȣѽģҿ϶д¶ƸҰˡܲϱ
¹Ӣ֪ﴦܰƣҾ͸мˡҲܱ֤ÿ¶йдҲҪеġ
άҶҶ㿴ͷӲԼдддġɣԼ̫ѹ
ﴦǸ˅ȡ




14.           ¹Ӣżġ

¹ӢżõĻ˰칫ҡ
ó񱾿ʼļ飬ڲܽмˣý̡
¹ӢдþͷŽڴϲʱ˳ȥﴦ
¹Ӣÿ˰࣬пվддͬĶԣû׼ĸͶ˱༭Ŀأʵģģ߽¶ʵģдЩ鼦ģһ¹ʲôġȻͶǹձҲͶԹΪ
϶õ˰дɲڰдҪûûǮ˵ҪǮˣٲõṇ̃ڰʵʵıְɣû¸ˣұרҵ鿴

ڶ˵˼ֵ²֮ˣ˵¹Ӣ˳ۡ⻹˵ãôԼֵµǳǱߵأȻվǱˣǾͱֵ¹ˡ⣬ţǻţͷҲþ

һϣ쵼ֱзȾϣ˵ڵȾɫأⲻ⣬ñĽܽܵĳ̶ȣ뾡Ͻóãϰ꣬ûϹȥ

˵۵ĽӵʲôΪⶩרŸ˸ӡȾ䲻˵ʮŴӡȾüһûأ˼׬Ǯ
׶˶ɣüһˡ

˵ףȥû˲˵⳥ΥԼҪòȫøųԹ䡣
󳧳˶ۣڱ

һԼ򣬼ͷֻӦѲȥˡӡȾǳ¸ãа

ѹ󰡣оŵͷһѣ˵⣬զҪȷأȷɫǵҪ޵ģ˵޵ܲɫ𣿻ùɫ˵ʲôǵĹɫʲôȩɶģֱˣЩڵĶڵĵô¡

ǰʱ仹ȥպǱȡأնĽˣ豸ҲˣǲУǱӸĽȾϣ뱬ֿڡǳԱ˳ŵģʲôгǮ˵ڵȾô׸ĽģΪԷƨأ˵
⼸ͷĲУͷ޲þڿ¹ӢⲻһˣȻ겻ɣǾҸİɡ

С°ԺͲøȥˣڽϱҪˣзȾϣĽ޲ɫ⡣Ժͽһˣ֪ʵİɣ
ʵ飬ʼʵң鼼ܡ
¹Ӣ֪ʳԱиС¥ǳӵʵ¥
Ǿͺãץʱоʱأȡɹ
¹ӢȾϲôÿģʱ𣿡
ԽԽã£
¹Ӣǳ鴤ʲôЦ
¹ӢҪǴӹ֣ܸܲĽ
֣ǵĹѾĹˣ豸õģͱ˼ˣʵʵĽȾȥ
ˣʰʰȥʵǱ߰ɣʱȰԺǱ߰칫ʡͷˡ
ֱӰ¹Ӣ䵽ʵˡ

ϼë¾Ҫ֯ˣβ֧Ŷ֣㲻µٶȣﻹֹСǷˣԺҪһֱʵǱˣǱ߿Ǹ徻ط

ӵʵ¥豸ȫʵ¥Ҳǻ˴Ǯĸ豸ƽʱϵ١ΪֹЩ豸ôӿʱЩ豸ˡ

ʵ¥һʵԱȷе˵ӦǼԱ⼸ǴӹģӴѧ˸ʦѵ£ƽʱĹһЩļ飬ɴǿȰǿȵȣָзȾϣǳ




15.  ìܣĴ֣         ͻ

ͻ޲жɫõȾкü֣ô̵ʱҪȾһһĽܡ¹ӢŪһڴ޲ϵĹɫܸ⡣ԼȩҪϸҪǸһ޼ȩɫ˴·¹Ӣж
ȥʵ¥תһȦʵ¥һʵԱĵط¹ӢҪȥǶ㣬ص豸߶һ㡣Ҫõ豸ﶼУ¹Ӣ⣬ֻҪʵԼþͿԽһˡ

һ嵥һ´ż۸д˷з롣

ûΪʹĴӦˣ͸㱨ȥҾ͸㡣

¹ӢȥһԼмеĹɫз֪ʲôʱֻȵ渶ˡ

ڶʵҽĳ˱죬ҹսˡ

¹Ӣ˳Է¥ʱʵˡ

ԭѧУ鲻֣Ⱦϸ˽¹ӢԼϱΪһӡȾԹ豸ʱǼҹӡȾȫŵϺţʱӵĸ˻ҫǵĹɫ¹ӢΪ𾴣濴ǹɫ˵顣Щ˲·Լ˴ʱ䡣
ˣ¹Ӣͣдƪ鼦ɶĻӷһ¡Ҳܸﴦû׼졣

һ¥ԱŮһеġǰΨһеġ
ǰǸ˼ġǶЦרŮ˶ʵԱɵģŲŲСƵġƫѧ㶫ڲֿǿܱôЦǱˣû뵽汻ѡˡ

ʱ䣬¹ӢŰ״ʵңĶŪʼǻдһһţһбµİ˼ǲʵ飬оİͣһͰ϶¥ſڴ͵ѧ˼ҲԸ⡣
һˣ˭ԸԼľ̸˰ĸǲҴŵģҪʦĸԸ㣿ǰʦˣû׼˼Ҳһء
ǰ⣬ֻҪ¹Ӣèڴǰţѧ١

¹ӢͷˣҲ뿴ͿֻҪӰСʱ䳤ˣ¹ӢܶͰԼӣŷ֣Сֽڿ죬Ҳʹ¹Ӣ鶼ɵĺܺá

ǰÿ߸¹Ӣѧ֪ʶʶ
ͬĴСõ¥Цűſˡ

˵Сòῴ¼Ա˰ɣ

ǿˣ˼Ҳ

˵ģСͦõѽ㣬˻𣬻ڿϽզͿˡ
ѽòǴȶ˰ɣҪҸ˵˵ͣһԣ
Ů˴ЦЦֱ¥¹Ӣ˶
٩Сߺ˵Ҳ˺졣׷Ҹ
ʵ¥һû쵼Ҳײ̤㣬ǼֻҪ˻ÿڵĺܡ

ӹķɿ죬ת۾͵סӷ١

¹ӢѾһûؼˣĸҹһأ֪æʮؼҳԷ

¹ӢǴʮصļңʱĸżļŮڰӡ¸ӺˮӡϽڳæҲ˸ɾ·
¹Ӣеһǣеλ鲼
ĸϽϴְѶˣ⺢ӣզÿλԼһ
¹ӢժΧȥϴ֣ĺͲǸģǸӵġ

ǣҪԡ
ѵù꣬ĸץһѸĸӷˡ㻹ԲǣҲû£ʡĶϱģ볳Ҳʹ졣

鲼ֿⲼãɫҲ
¹Ӣǵλġ
գģ˵ⲼզôأǴ󳧵Ķ
ž꣺裬ǿС黨ģÿ˸СѾͷ·
գСӳÿ죬·˷ѣǴһ˵
ž︹С

¹Ӣϴ֣ʼӡϽѾʼըˣζƮݡ

ҹԲƽʱĻʳˮƽǿ˲һ㣬¹ӢһŹǺһ̵Ĳˣ¸óһƿƣ¹Ҷϡ

ﷺỨˣڳһԲˣ־ˣˡ

¹Ӣ˿ڰ׾ƣĿڻջǣϽ˿Źǳԡ
治ĺóԡ

ƽҲ֪˵ʲôȰ԰ɣֲԼңֻګګͷ
¹壺ϲͶԵ㣬Ҳŵˡ
žֹƫģ׵ĶˣҲ֪˼ڳ͵˶١
¹ӾҪž꿪˺TMĵ˭źһӰƽʱסˡ
յž꣺Է²ס죬Ծ͹Լȥ
žһͷԷ˵ȴһһȾƵ¹Զ
¹Զû磬ֱԼ㷹ˣſڣһھǸã¹ӢѬֱӡ

ӢӰ㿴㣬ôûأǮզܲأ㻹ûеТİˡңûǰǹһֲˡ
¹Ӣû˵¹Ǻ˻ȥ
ǣĹǰģ㲻Ͻ㻹𡣡
ž꣺˵㣬ʲô£ԶǸӢ˵أ˵ôµģĶ㰡
¹壺ôûˣӢã۸ŶûС
ž꣺˭۸ˣԶѵ˵Ĳԣѵǰģѵñ裿Ҳָô꣬ڶϸǮȽ˺ӣǾ͸ָˣŮ⻰˵Ŀһ㲻ҿǽһ·ɫһһѪûŮһӻôѪģѪʲô

¹ӢûҵĹŪߣʼҵĹǰɡ
¹Ӣìͷֱָ¹Զ˵һүǣ˻ƽã㻹һıûУզǼ˼ˣռû

ž꣺۸챿ռɶ˰ǣĹǰôĹģڣֱҪĹǹ˵˸ҵģȥˣô˵˵ˣԺָأҪܸŪ˵ռˣռɶˣһһġ

¹ӢָϣָһʮǮҲܰʲôϹߣ費ֻһӣоǣĹǰģ˭͸˭ⷿҲǰģ˭ס͸˭סڰϵ⣬ҲˣңóóǮǮ϶ٳٳǮǰԺϵҪЮŴӰúô
¹ĨһԣҲǣҸƽҲᾡŮΣҲұ֤϶ǿ
¹¹ҲϽ̬裬ҸСҲТ˳ֵġ

¹ԶȶЩͷ׼һ㣬ǮٸҳЩûõģȻûˣǾǼһӣ͵ðǮ

¹ӢҳԱˣˡ
¸ŮĻ

¹Զ¸ǶһԣΪ֧֣¹Զ棬һӣҪǸҲҾǵλȥ쵼

¹ӢٲҪġ

հĵpapa죺¹Զұ죡Ǹ˭ѧåɣҪǮˣһûأҸǣָ¹Զž꣬˭ҪǸȥӢӳӢӲʹ죬Ӱǰ̣˭͸ҴȥԺҸһϣ˵۾Ʈ̵¸
¸ͷûҸĸӡ

˵һүǣ㿴ڳתת˳˰ɶҲûѧᣬǹҲһƨҴһֻᡣʲô쵼쵼㻰˵¹Ϳ¹ԶˣĻ̣ûס

㣬㡱¹Զ˰ûѪͷִ¹һơ
ƽɸըˣ۸û£۸ϱУƽƿӾ͸¹Զưˡ

¹һû¹Զˣ˴һͷϵѪԼӣһ˹ȥҲ֪Ѫŵã¹Ӣÿ϶Ǳεġ

һӼһ϶Ŀ㲻Ҳǣﶼвʹ졣Ѿõļͥìսڴҹ¹ԶͽҽԺ




16.  һ         ¹ԶҽԺ

¹ԶҽԺһ£ͻؼˡû¡
ڼڶ¹Ӣ˵൱ûУʵҡ
ЩŬ˽չŪһʺ޲޼ȩɫ
¹Ӣѱʼպã˸ۣдһƪģͶ˷֯ѧϵ˼ģŹɫֱȥ⣬˳ؼⱨ档
޵ˣ¹Ӣûߣ˼졣
ֱӵ˱Ļţ¹ӢŰѹɫͼⱨ潻ȥ˵ѾˣĻһڿǡ

ӹĲͷ䣬ҲܷɵĺȺȲˮˣǸû뵽¹Ӣ½ˣ͵һ¹Ӣóˡ
Ե¹Ӣһƿ޼ȩɫͼⱨŵϵʱΪԼȶˣֻþˡ
ⱨϸ˿ۺ󣬵һ뷨ȸȻ취Լȥ㲻ԼҲҪһ빦͹ɡ¹Ӣѡʱ԰Ŀģڡ
ɶǰĳָǷݼⱨһһ  棬ɶⱨ氡
ѼⱨһϣǼĻܣԵĶй©ģˣ˵Ҷ˽ˣسɣøɶɶȥͷ־ΰȥһˡ

һߣ칫Ҿʣ¼⼸ˣһװæԼ£֧Ŷ

С°ֻмⱨ滹УÿʵӦЧɣһȥƿõһ¡ɫҪãǼ˴ˡ
¹Ӣ鷳ˣҵ˲٣ˡ

Уȥæ
żⱨȥˡ

ȷʵֲ¹Ӣģԭλã϶Ϻ
Щ˭İʰ°ⶼûضűˡ

ϼëҵģ˼С£ռˣҸʰɾŸʲô˭Ķ˭߰

༸˷׷ױԼĶʱ˿̣¹Ӣֻ˵һ䣬Һȿȣ¹Ӣֻˣ

ֱȥĸİ칫ҡ
ʲôææȥ¥ʾĸȥ
ڳ칫ſǻ˼Ȧ˵ʵѹ̫ͣɶҲûֻܻ˶¥

죺ȫ֪¹Ӣ䵽ʵоˣڳ˳ɹͣô
򣬲һΪ㣬˵ĵҪǼôһʣһָտɴϴȥ￪Ǹ飬˵걨רͨ˾˵֤ɶģԺд㵵ϲҲÿıȥϲµģ˭֪
˵ˣǼǼܹ˵Ҫ¹Ӣͷĸ顣

˸̣˵˵˵㵨ӴôԵ¶Ū٣λã˶أͷһٱȥϱһ飬Ҷԡ
˵ô죿ôȥ¹ӢҪˣǰܸͦһģҿ˵ǸάߵĺܽСӸ¹Ӣһˡ
˶ճ£һһߣ˼Һһ³ҴӦ
˵һɽݶ;ǳ¾塣
Ҫͷǿ쵼ӻᣬԼ˵һ˵𵥶¹Ӣ˵СҲɣ¹ӢǼİɡ

̣Ĭˣ֪ˡô˵ҲȷʵǼŪģԼ屨ȥ˭Ҳ˵ʲô

죺㰡ֲ̫ŸճһƲͿʼĽˣ˵̫磬ҪǸϽŹɫȥȥôˣҲٲˡ˳׼һ£ͷʱⲻҪ㱨
һҲǣҲīˣȥ˳䣬ؿˣڳһǺü졣󣬳ɹϲˡ
Ϣʹȫ似Ķ˹άһ

쵼ӻϣ輼Ԫ쵼ӳԱһͨ
ȻԼϱģǳ¾;Ӿͽ

˽»߶θɵĲ˹ˡ
ǰǰǻʶ쵼з
¹ЦΪСͬ־ƽˣ
ԭһ⼸ѧǿһ֪ʶֻձƵĲʵӦãɱ𷴵¡û뵽С»ǸСǼģҲǸ˵ģͨҲСͬ־Ǹʲôˡ
ˣ¹Ӣ׵ߡ

¹ӢһȺü죬ڵȵʱ䣬ʱ˵Ʊݵ˹ȥʱķ嵥鷳һ£һİپʮһǮÿһҶǵ

ʱֱһǧǮзãǮھƱ£ʹĸ¹Ӣˡ




17.  ԭҽ         ¹Ӣ㡭

¹Ӣɿˣ˰СԺ
ڼŴ󿪣ſھȻͣСͷСĶǮ˰
¹ӢԺﰾһɹҩζܳ

¹Ӣ֡
¹Ӣ˵ܹӢӽ㣬ôˣ
¹ӢָָſڵССʣô£һ⸻أ
İүġ
¹ӢүүǴ򣿡
ǿɲû˵үүˣǼ꣬үүῴʶҩǲû
¹Ӣүүҽ϶Ǯ˶Ľѽ
ǿɲĺܣүү
¹Ӣӣҩζİǻܰҩأ
ү˷ӣץҩүץĶԲԣүҩˣ˵Լᣬ¸廵ˡ˵ʲôѵģ͸үҩˣԼҩҩˡôһˣү˵װ׵ģȻǲᡣ
¹ӢҵרҼ壬Ҳᰡ
˳ֿɴˣҰҩʮǮءʮ鰡Ҹһ¹ˡѹүѧҽǮԺǿżҩҩҲԼˡ˵źٺɵЦѵϸԩͷ
¹ӢȥֻռһСٹʹһء֪үүҽˣƾүүһѺҽ϶ҲˣүӰѸ

¹ӢתȥֻռＦȸڵСˣŶš
ʮǮãӢӽ㣬ôŶˣ
¹ӢүпղүҰѰ
㲡ˣĲɫвҸ㿴˵žҪ¹Ӣ
¹Ӣһ£ῴССЩİɱѽ˵Ů˷ĲСƨ
ƲˣС͸үѧˡ

Сӣʦ͸˿˵Ļ㶼ˣүӵ鷿˳
鷿ȥû˿ӢӽֲǱˡ
үүţС°үү鷿үү㿴СϹ԰ڡ
¹ӢϽ˦үӽ鷿үү鷳ˡ
ɡүҲϻʾ¹Ӣ֡

үүŲˡ
үүӢӽв𣿡
Ҫǿʵ棬һơ

үӳ¹ӢҲЩţүүûɶëɣ
үӣŮ˵ͨ¾ɶ£ƽʱҪעⱣůҸ㿪ӣץ帱ҩһһٿ
үӱдӱ˵Ҫϰûʱ䣬ðץȥҩǱʶ
¹Ӣû󲡾УллүүүүǸʹԺ᲻ỺⰡ
ģǸڵḶ́ҪԺÿܹһˣðҩֱӺȡ
¹Ӣô˼̫鷳ˡүүǮǮɱʡ

үӣãͷץҩҩǮС
¹ӢôУ⻹пء
үӣھӵģɶ

ү˵ɶҲ¹ӢĿѡ

¹ӢүүдĿƯ

үźӺǺЦҲǼʮĹˡ

ǿɲүд֣ͷǰүΪʦءԺأү

˵¹Ӣտˣ뵽Ǹ߸ϣԼ˵ӣĿڱûš

үүǻɣʱͿүһֱ⻳Ħţֱŷ
ү̵Ķүŵˣ˺ö궼û޺á
үӣСӣ졣
¹ӢүүһްҪǷģҰ޿
㣿үЩģʵǲһһأÿζײҲ޲á
¹ӢϽ֤үүģ޲ã϶ԭװܸ޵ĸ
½㣬үү½£һ޺أⶼͦʱˡ
үӵСһۣѻݸ¹Ӣ޲ҲûϵǸŵˡ
¹Ӣǰ˿ǿأүǰǸǮ˅ȡ

¹Ӣؼó߾Ͱѱˣܿҵԭиˣиȱʧˣ޵ʱһ
¹Ӣ°ѱװܿ

ڶϰǰ¹ӢѰ˳ѱ
Ӣӽ㣬㻹޺ˣ¹Ӣǽһݡ
¹ӢͷС˼ˣǶٿǮҩץأʡǮҪ
õôࣿ˵žҪ˻һ١
¹Ӣţţţٲ˰ɡ
ŰǮպˣƵظץҩ½ˣӢӽ㾡ܷġ

ϻ¹Ӣҩһ¼
Ӣӽ㣬ҿ𣿡ӻ̵أϧҵʱ֪ˣˡ
Щһ˵ޣ˵²ⲻ𡣻˵ʲôû¼û޲ˡ
¹Ӣߺȣ㻹һأţһؼùȥ
棬¹ӢͰ¼޺ˡ
ֱðְۣ֮θˣ¹ӢҪ

ҵķһ㶼ҲûѧֶүӽȻүѧҽϲҩ
ĳնƽʱҩҩģֵĲ
ҩƵģѸʳһӣϹǣƺûͿʼ

¹ӢҳԵһؼ˼ζҩ
ⷹſ̲
Ժ¹ӢϾͰⰡ˵䷹ҪǸúҩˣ˳ѰԼõҩˡ




18.           ˰ء

˰Ժﴫһ費һʢĵط̴Ŵ
Ͻ˼ţ
¼޺ˣ˭޵ģ
ĲˣǿɲӢӽ޺õģӢӽˡ
ѳͣã˭Ӣӽ㣿Ǹ
ʲôǸǸģӢӽ㣬ôûӢӽһ˳·ųҲ˵Ӣӽӻ
ң˵ⲻ֪ĻΪ׽أӢӽӢӽġеĿɹ׵ġ
ӢӽҪ׽úˣܱ׸ǿһҲܼһ档ӢӽЬ⣬ӢӽףӢӽ˵ԺҩʱʡˡӢӽ㻹үĻ޺ء
裺ļٵģ

ȻˡүڼӢӽˡ

аϵͻͽ

ˣһӢӽԷԼע󣬱ǷǷӢӽ㲻ˡ

٣˵СƤǲ

ߣҪǷԺٳķԴӢӽүүĻ޺˺үүɴӢӽˣүүŲ硣
أզûһ

øСƨƽϡ
£üӰ࣬ܶݲˡ

ûһ¹ӢŲ˺ˡ

Ӣӽ㣬ү˵ˣѸ
¹Ӣ¶ȥ鷿

үӣЧٺȼҩӦþûˣƽʱҪעⱣůˮˮȡ

¹Ӣ֪ˣллүү

û£ԺĲ˾͹

ϣҾͺƤ˰

浱档

үүӢӽ㷹ˣԷɡ

ֲ䵽ˣֲ˼ġҳԷһǰݣ¹ӢŰꡣ

ɶ˼ģʱĲ⻹أҸүүĻʳˮƽˣ㿴ңʱ䶼ˡ

ٿҸ磬ؼǶͳԣû˼

ңǻԼңʲô˼ġһķ˳

¹ӢԶ˵㣬ľ롣

ҲƲƲ죬Ӣӽ㣬⣬һҸøûˡ

裺٣Сӣ͵ĸ첲հ㣡
˵ž˺ü⡣
˾ȥϵ⡣

үҲ˵ֺֻǺǵĿš

ŷź衣

յ˾񣺡ǸգҽҸ硣Ӣӽ㣬϶ҲʶհɣǵλĸҸһҵǸ

¹Ӣʶ̫ʶˡ

Ӣӽ㣬Ҹ˵û׼δɩأǲտԲһ㡣



үӣСӼұܴ˵¡Է

ջţ費鲻Ըȥš

¹ӢһۣŶͷĶ

裺ôˣ

գ˰ӣҸЩ𣿡

ء

ãӻȺأҶ˽ȥүүͰһԡձܿͽԺ

㣬ס

үүˡսݣһۿ¹Ӣ˰˸ȣô⣿

¹Ӣ

ʣ裬ô£ôң

裺ҼҸʲôϵܵҲ̫ˡ

ջǣ㣬ǲˣ

裺вɣɲڵλû˹㡣

Բۣôһڹɲ¹ӢϽ壺Ҹ費졣ģҲҳԵķ

¹Ӣ

廰ˣվԣӢӽҵģҸ粻죬Ϲ˵

Ųյû¸ϽذɣԷء

裬쵰һԼǵүү¹Ӣ棬Ҳסˣˡ

¹Ӣû֣蹻ġ

ߺ󣬲үӱʣͿʼ߿ࡣ

Ҷͬ£һŵģк̨ƽʱˣΪ˺ദأҲƽʱҰæܰҾͰһ°˵ǰɡ
ɣ֪𣬼ֱ˸ۣ֪ǰ˵ʲô˵ȥһˡ
ȥҸʲô
˵˵ǵ£Ҫ࿴ҡ
CҸʲô°ҸʲôҲûаôҸˣô࿴ˣ䶺䣬ΪϲأզôأŶڵλУȢؼҹţʲôЦϲСˮģģ˭Ȣ˭Ȣȥҿ϶ȢʵڲҾһţǲҶɣжԶԶ

ȰȸͣƺЩȫ³֪ҸղΪʲôôٲ֪Ѷˣ͸Ծˡ

ſˮһûӰԷ˵Լ£ֻ¹Ӣ˵Ϊɫ½˼ٿǮզû㣿Ǯͷˡ
ķ꣬ƨˣҲ罻ˡ

¹ӢѹͲ֪н£




19.  ⾭         һϰ࣬

һϰ࣬¹Ӣ֪ӳˡ
ɫˣ۴ϽͻȥҲˣȻ󳵼ͿʼúõģԤܸϰʱ
˭֪ӡȾˣǴڵӡȾʮǸ
ºˣֻܱͣˡⲻ޺ã͵ϣһܲܰʱͲ˵ˡʱ˻ΥԼ͵⣡ǿɲСĿ¼ֱתȦһһĳ飬ﻹͣϣƥһ۵ģ۹ӹȻϧάޣֻܸż

豸ϺնڼӰ࣬ûнǲޣԭҲ
ӡȾ˵ӢĵģȫΨһӢ۴Ӣˣ豸˿˵飬˵鵹ǿЩⶼ˵ôʹðû˵ôάް
ˣ豸ûãϽ취ޣȻ͹ؼҳԼ

豸ʹˣһ͸ˣһżһϻģһһûϢٱôһֱסԺˡ

˵豸ϴһߴŵһ߶ڲڲݺᰡ

û취ϴ˼ٿģúܲܰ˱ˡ

ߵȵʮˣϽӢϵǱߣ豸
Ǳ˵ˣ豸ֻһ꣬豸ǶˣȻˣǿԹάޣά޷飬߻øǹʦڼĸַáȻˣҲ˵ˣ޺飬޲ãֻҪǹʦڻķþС

µͰ̻Ҹˤˣ˸ӣӰҵԩͷTMһһӵءT赽˭׬˭ǮأӻͲˣûǣۻ治תôģһ̨ƻ𣡡
ҹϵ豸ĺ֣ؽ𣬷ų˭Ҫܰ޺ãͽ˭ǧ飡

Խ¹Ӣһ͸оӽ֡
Ŵ󱦴һ£Ŵ󱦱ɫĸ¹Ӣһ顣

ЩĻԸµάԱˣǧǮ

＼õģ豸һ飬˵Ǵʦģ˭ҲҪһ
ӢԶףʶӢǴ˽һǧ͹ˣһüһǧ̫ˡֱӾҪ¡

³Ҵ豸Ҫ޲ã⾩Ǿû޺ˣھ㣬첻أʲôϵģۿľաҲҪҪҪͬأߣӾȥɻȥ飬öǮһӵĹҲôడ׬һʣⱲӳԺȲ˰С󳧾ǲһǮ칫Ҷɵġ

û˵ͬҲû˵ͬ⣬ɣȻôģȵȵȣȿܲޡ

³Ҫô˵ĻһɾͲǮˣټǧһٳҲסǸʵˣ鰡Ķ飬ǮʵڡǸѲŰģ˾ǿǲ֣˭Ǳ

¾͸ڰ칫Һš

άԱȥӡȾ䣬ǸùߣΧӡȾؼ飬еĻһۣüġ
ΧֵĿЩ˵ı飬ﶼˣǸ豸Ǽˮƽ࣬ûҵԭ޴ְǡ

¹Ӣ³ĹҲﵽ֡ŴȺ۷Ź⣬˷ܸʲô
¹Ӣ㲻ʵϰ࣬Ϲʲô֡
Ŵ󱦿¹Ӣ˷ˣק¹Ӣ޲ҪϢҽϢרֵġ
¹Ӣ⾫
˵ճô£Ҳץӷεİ
¹ӢĴָԾ޵ˡ
ۿһȥ飬ֳüĳ
Ŵ󱦺ΧֵǱԽԽ˷ܡ
Ŵק¹ӢӢӣ˵ҪҪȥһܿëء㲻֪ճǱߴϢ˵Ҫſء˵Ҫ޺ˣǿһҹ鰡ζôǮȥİһһ֣֪ôǻءҪֻôţһǮʹ

ԱһˣҲЩԾԾԣԣ⳧Ķޣ׬۳ӵǮƾʲôԼȥأһҾ޺ء鰡뵽޸ƻ飬ʵĶҪˡ

յʲôأֶûأ㻹޻أҪ޺ãԺӾ͸գ㵱ӣ
Χ˺ôЦ

һܹȥˡ

û˵ʲôҲûֹĶȥˣòĶո֣һ
˷ܵΧӡȾתһȦƨҲףŸ۰ɣ˵ɶҲˡ
ܸɶٱȺӼһأ

Ŵ󱦼ȥΧŻתһȦҲͲסˣ¹Ӣȥˡ

ǻȥ˰Ǯ˰ɡ
ǰû˵ŮĻ޻ġ
Űɣ϶Ƶģûˡ
ȥôˣҲû˵ȥ԰Լȥ˵ʲôỰ˵͸Ŵ˹ȥ
԰Ǯ˭˲Ķ
ɶȥȥȥͿ¡˵Ҳˡ
ʣµ㿴ңҿ㣬һӵϣȫǻȥˡ

¹Ӣ⳧һΧӡȾһȦˡͳһСϡСһŲȥСһתûҪ󣬾㣬һǲʺãҲҪһ㣬ǵþܡڵļˮƽ㲻
СǸƷʹòĥĥһ㣬ͲתˣСҲ꣬ͷˡһ̨豸Ҫһά޷Ѱ̫ˣ

Ŵʣô֪ܿզ²
¹ӢݸŴ󱦸ͷ˵

Ŵ©һģſѽѽ֪òһˣô˵ҲǴѧҪһҹĽడ

ãӢӣãҪ˴ɵҳԶٺõģɲҡŴս¹Ӣһ֣¹Ӣͷˣں޲ԼǸеģ¹Ӣ

˲඼ΧתһȦˡ
ˣ¸Ͻߣ⿴֣⳧ôˣ˿Цǡ




20.  ƻ         ˳ţŴ󡭡

˳ţŴ󱦱ͨ죬𼱻ǵģӢӣ˵˵ޣ
֣һֶ߬ˣ޸ƨ
ŶŶŴ󱦰ɿûɿ¹Ӣָ߬߬ˡ
¹Ӣ˳ûҲˣߣԷĵˣ߳Ա˵
Ŵ󱦲¹Ӣһ㻹ʲôզһĴ󰡣Ͻҳȥһĸȥ豸ˣҪ޺ˣ⵽ֵѼӸ÷ˣ֪ǶǮöĹʰ߿ߣҸһȥ˶
¹ӢסʲôȳԷȥ
㣬Ŵ󱦼Ķðˣǻʵ۲̫ࡣ
¹ӢЦģ϶޲ˡ
ģŴ󱦻ǲ̫ġ
ͰĵϢɡȳԷȥ˵ˣ㲻ԣҲİ

¹ӢŴȥԷ˷ҲûϢֻӡȾ䡣
ǵʱüͷأǻȺ¶ۡ

Ҫ˵ӣҳˣǣˡ
ͨ죬һС־֪ǳҲòˣ̫ˣ˿Ϸ졣
ۼѵǮҪˣҪŻѪˡ

¼״˰أѾǮǮˣѵҪͷȥȥ
⻹֪Ҫٺûأؼеͷ
³ɡ˵ˡⶪ۰

˵ƯԭҲǸõģ˷ȥܣڸԸ
ȥſʾ˵˭޺ãļۣҾͲˣȫûһˣ
оǸϴ֣֮±·򣡳Ƿ˺ˣٶ໨һǮҲԸеͷ
дˣ˳¸ſڵĸʾˡ

ȫ֪ˣһ˼ѪƵģһѷӡȾܰһ޲ǸܰӡȾ̥»¯
»¯ǲˣ˼ǹڳġһĶӡȾƱƵģٶһ۾ͱȡһ޲ðɵҲҲڰ

Ҳߣ˵ӾӡȾϢذ칫Ҳס𼱻ǵżء

¹ӢʱˣŴ˹ȥ
Ŵ󱦣ӢӣҪٵȵȣҿϻ𣬱۵ͲˡЩѣһɵĲУҲޡ
ʲôȥǽѵġȻţ˵С
Ŵ󱦸Ͻ˸ڵĶģҿ϶˵ƽʱզ쵼˾ͽš

Ŵ󱦸¹Ӣһһǰߡ
ôˣ
¹ӢǺǣҲġҳеҪ㱨
ȷ涨ˣϽԽ㱨
¹Ӣ
ûʲôƨ㱨ǾŻС°ʲô˵
¹ӢϽʲô£иѻҲǿżϻģȸ˵һȻô˵ˣҾȥǴ˵һ
¹Ӣ˵תҪߡ
ȵȣ˵ģޣ类һ٣ڶ˭˵Ļֻ̬ȡ
ţ϶ܡ
Ҳи˵󻰵ģǱžž죬ˡ
¹Ӣ޲ֲҪǮҲûʲôʧʲô
ǵǡУѸϽԡ
˵ѣ
˵һĭһ˵϶ǰǵø޺ˡ
¹Ӣǿ϶ġ쵼ҵ۳ӵģҸۣӦСԺԺҲԼļˡ
豸Ҫһ޵ģҹҲһ϶Ҳʱ֮꣬ǰ϶Ҫ˵޲޵Ļóİ塣Ǯ׬ˣܱ׬ȥǿɡ

ѾǺܾˣҪܰ޺ãչʾ۵ʵȻʱϻ׬һʡȻʡһ˭ԸⰡ

£ãǴѧ˼Ǻܸߵġ
쵼³ôһ˵ЩȣƤҪٺһ㰡ΪЩҲܸˡ
ͬ־ˡ٣ºο¹Ӣļ
¹Ӣ쵼٣ȥ

˳䣬Ŵ󱦲ŸϽʵɶޣѰ
¹ӢŴ󱦸СɵƵģ˵˵ʲô˵Լޣ˵޺ˣǮã
ܰΪʲôܣӸ㲻Ҫɵ۳ӿɶۿ׬ֱ׳Ҫ˵Ҫ򣬳׿˵򰡣ԺǴ˰Ԫܺ˰Ŵ˵ĭɣʼ¹Ӣ˴ˡ

¹ӢҡͷǾ仰ô˵ˣ̫̫ᡣ
ΧЩҪ֪ôһʣ˭ﲻʰʹŤ˭֪ʧǵĻʲô°ܵ͵Ҫ͵
¹ӢҶ϶Ҫôֱ˳飬Ժ⳧ӾͱһˣԺ϶ñָժ
ҲûʲôҰɱЩδģһСԱ˵һ̼ôһȽˡ

¹Ӣˣױʦѡͷ豸޺ˣҲȥǮȥ

Ŵ󱦣ȥɶ

ȥٻ̵Щ

ǻóӣ۳ӵ̵ɶûаٻ̵Ķġ

ˣϡȥ׻ױƷ˳㿴кøֲİûԭҲ䲻
¹ӢŴڰٻ̵һתĲ㣬Ķ
ӢӣĲⶼǽڵĶϹˡŴ¹Ӣקߡ˵ĶϺü
¹Ӣһгϵгϵֿ
ͬ־۹⡣гڵģӣƯС־£ʺŮͬ־ˡۻԱ²ۣгһҲû򣬺ÿǺÿģ˭򰡡ҪǾ˵гɶʮŲء


¹Ӣȷʵǿøֲġ
¹ӢקקԼ䣬ʾŴ̧ͷͦأûɻ£ηηĸɶ

ŴҲøӢӶˣûƵģӢӶ塣ɿקӢ֣Լ·ֱͦ塣
¹Ӣͬ־⳵ӶǮ
İ
ɶŴ󱦰һɤӣҼг⻹أһҪİⲻǿ𣿡
ȣ¹ӢʾŴ󱦱졣Щˣͬ־Ż𣿡
һڼۣۡۻԱ˵תˣãһģ׵
¹ӢȷʵûôǮֻܵȻͷٹˡ

һ¥׻ױƷ¹ӢƽʱױĨͱʪר̨ܹһףɽװһ˫ƤЬмٷī
궫ʹŴȥ




21.  θ   VԤ

¹Ӣ˳
¡
ɶģɶ£Ӣӽֱ˵
¹ӢԼĴֹһ顣
֪ԼҪĬԸĪĹʦӢӽȥһ⡣Ȼˣ޿϶֣ݺýɫУڳǰ¶棬豸ǰװģ߼ȦСͷٳѡ
ЩģһٿǮ̾Ͷˣһ֣ˣ

Ӣӽ㣬㿴챿ĲУ¶զ죿
¹Ӣɶ˵װ𣬾Ǿ˵żͷС
͵ͷᣡ

¹ӢɽװƤЬϣ˸ϳɵױٴϼٷī
һ磬趼ϲˡ
˳ӣ˳衣

¹Ӣ˵ģǻתһȦװӸ¹ӢСֹ䡣
¹ӢҲװӵͷȻŤͷԳ˵˵ˣ豸޺ˣҲʹ꣬󻹵üޡ޲һ¡

ɶ˼˲õԤС

¹Ӣֱ˵ɣ豸ÿ͵ôһءǱҲһĻҪÿ궨ڼ޵ģҪȻͳϲˡ
ʵСÿ͵øһأ˳ѻһ£Ȳ˵ˣȻýСԴͷȥһ̨΢ͳżҪٸʵ׵Ҳи˵
ˣ޳ܰⲻһҰģһ豸ҪһǮĽడ֪۹ǮôģһһСӣһӣ׬Ǯ׬ȥ
Ҳ¹Ӣһ֮ʣҪǱȷһ˵

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µͷҲáҲһ˵ģҲҪӵ쵼һ£ɣ𸴡
¹Ӣõĳ

£㿪һ˳Ը
¹Ӣæ鷳ˣбİţİ˴򽻵æǵģС

ȫֻõͷʱͷ½̸¹Ӣϸһԭֻͷ˵绹ڸǰǸ
¼ȫ̳Ĭԣȷʵһףֻա

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Ӣ۴۴ҲȫΨһһһĴҡһгһгӢβõĸг۴
ȫӢôһ˵ӢģǱ߹ͨӢģͻҲӢġȻӢҲ˴ȫΨһһŮ
޷ĳŮӶ࣬в쵼еģӢôһŮġ
ÿһ磬в쵼μӵϣӢһ̴һ죬ÿԽȻ
Ӣֱ˵ǱôҲҪȵϾŵʮٴ绰ˣҲû˽ӡ
û취ֻܵȡ

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ӡȾһĳ죬ǰʹӡȾ豸ȶ޳ꡣ

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쳧Ļ֪¹Ӣ˵ʮа˾ˡ
Թ찡֪豸Ҫһôء
캣ԣʲôѵģͲˣ㲻򿪹гˣ˭˼ҵ豸أǰɡ
±˵ơ߾Ȳʦˣޡ
캣һˣļٵİϳ£ɲܿЦġ
Ҳеò׼Ҳ˵̫ˣ֪ˣнҸ绰
³ѵ绰ˣֻʣ캣ڵ绰ͷץϳ£˵θڡ޲÷ɾųúðѻ˵




22.  ߲ ߲ѣ   ˰࣬

˰, ¹ӢȻ¼ҡ
ĸŲٹҵȯҫ˵һгˣһֱû

գ⹤ҵȯڼҲǷ, гһʱҲá
, һٿǮ, ҰֺʹҲ˵ɱΪЩȯͷìܡͷǵλȯҶš¹ӢҪҵȯͦ˼ĸ˺ü, ĸҪǲǮҲ˼ô๤ҵȯ
¹ӢǮĸˣٻ̵ùˡ
Ǯû˵ʲô¹Ӣܳȥˡ⺢ӣִ߯ŵġһٿǮء
ž̽ͷһ, ոϽǮ߬ݡ

˰ٻ̵꣬¹Ӣֱ¥
ۻԱ̧ͷһ¹Ӣ, Ƥ, ûͼԼ¡

, ͬ־, һ£гϵ

ۻԱ¹ӢƵģۣ
ʵʲô, гզͲ¸ȥˡ

¹Ӣûеɶģ

ûС⳵Ҳһͱ˷ʱ, °ࡣ

¹ӢˣôѪˣгȷʵÿƽʱ°ҲõϣˣǵðĸĹҵȯˡ
¹Ӣͬ־Ʊɣˡ
ۻԱһ£ë룬ͬ־򣿡
򣡡
ۻԱЦ˻û뵽ͷ°໹£Ŀ˵ӣǮƱ

г¹Ӣžͻؼˣ˵ǲһгǺ
¹Ӣгȵǰ԰һȦôԺҲгˡ

Ӣӽ㣬⳵Ҳ̫Ư˰ɣһرʱ֡гЩԾԾԡĳӣͷСͲ̤壬ܡ⳵Сɰ

¹Ӣѳݸ԰
ŮİɣһеģŹֲ˼ġ
ʲôŮеģûˣȦôˡ
һҲǣ˵Ժ˼Ȧ
⳵̫ˡӢӽ㣬Ǯ
İ
ɶ
ϽӳӲ˲Ǳƭ˰ɣզ󣿡ѽٺÿҲǸгô󣡣

¹Ӣڵģȷʵе˭ҿء˭ء
ˣҸ㻯ױ۾͸ȥ豸ˡ

ͷӢӽģҿ϶ΪģΪٿҲ¡

¹ӢؼҺ󣬰ѳժܴӳŪһ㱡Ĳ֣¹Ӣ㱡Ĳģ̯ʱֺӡȾҪǸСˡٰسϣ

¹ӢСһڣܲϴǮϷӣͿˡ
һڣĴʣ޼ȥŵĶٿ飬ͻûǮˡ

ڶһ磬¹Ӣһ򿪴ţŷſվ衣
裺˵ˣϽȥ豸ǰѳˡ
ãųӵĳҲſڵء
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¹Ӣˣ⻹ſˡ
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һۣбµˣе񱡣
裺ǵǡ磬ô죿
ǾȥſڵŰɡ˵֮ǰܵ
¹Ӣܣ϶
νҲûԽ¹ӢôôֻҪܰ뵽ӾС

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˼ҲζЩ졣

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ԡµͷ豸ļ˸ϽȥϵԴȥ豸
Ż
޺ˡ

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룬ҲǣҪô˵֪ʶءҪô˵һʳԱأ㿴һޣ͵ˣ׬ǮҲ̫ˡÿûȻô׬ȥˣļ
һô˵豸޺ˡ

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˼ң¹ӢԪ
ֲ츳㶼ȥԱˡ

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ҸСʱҲѧɲǿϣүҸˣҾͶˡ

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ԭˡ

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°칫ߣݵ쳧ü绰ˡڵȵ»˰칫ң˵绰

캣Լ͵Ŀʼʡ
ϳ£ôнҵ˵ܲޣ

µ˸̣Ƶ㰡Ҳ߯ļ

캣ϳ°Ͻˣһ֪׼ˡ

˵ˡ
Цоµĳ

캣ԣˣ޺ˣ

ţ޺ˡ̣˶Ƿɵġ

캣ԣŶϳ£̫ˡϸ˵˵

°Ѵ˵һ顣

캣ԣզûѰô͵˰Ҫ֪۹ھˣ˭ⰡؼٻǮһʡأʡĲ൱׬
⣬Ͻ˽ܹطҶˡ

Ҳ̫żˣܵλ

ܲ豸ۿˣҪͣһõ°

ǻûͣذ

أ໹һܡ

УҸһ£λƢЩ֣ر𲻰˵һˣҲ֪ԸԸԶš

캣ԣܸ۰豸˾УĻ˼Ƣֲ֡ϳ°ۿɶΪ˹ҰҲô꽻ˣɵİ´߽ѧϰʱ򣬷ǳȫˡ˵ˣҲɡ
ӡȾһӡȾˮƽȫǰǰ˾ȥǳѧϰš˳˺ǣ˵ʱ⵱ε¹Ӣ

һᵽȷʵ˵ˣȷʵԸӵǮǱĳӵǮ
£Ϣɡ

캣ԣϳ°ɴźþأ³ˣȾƣ

ɣǧģȥһپư²黰ֱӹ˵绰

¹Ӣû뵽һ֮ƣ⣬̫ϲˡ

˰Ҿȥ¹ӢţҪճȥ죬үүͷͬС

˰¹Ӣֱȥˡ
ȸͨһ飬ֳŵطȫٸٳѡ˷ܵĺܣܳԶ˭˰οȥĻǺݣүô˵ţպݣȥһȥü죬үͬ⡣

ͷͷ˵Ļˡ

磬զˣ
ƽʱϲŻ¹Ӣͦơ

ûˣͣгֱӽݡ

һˣװڴأӢӽ㣬ˣ϶֪ˡ

˵Լܣ¹ӢҲϽ˹ȥ

ָŴϵ·ͼٷô£ȥӵǲ㣿ô֪㻹豸أǳ˫أƭת㣬㵨˰Ҹ綼ƭ

Ҫˡ

¹Ӣѵһ˵ô໰һһ㶵ġ

¹Ӣ󣬡ⶼҵ⣬С

ſ¹Ӣ豸޵ģ

ǣ

Ҳõģ

ǡ

һ٣

¹Ӣָ

üʮȻǺŪǼҺء

æ죺٣ӢӽҶء

ǵࡣ

ֹͦˡ

ﰵɵ
ȥô죿ðţ

¹ӢŰϷóȫ

ҲȦˣ١

ɶ¹ӢԼˡ

ŰȥҲģһȥ룬һȥôһˣҸһ١үүһḺ͡ټٱܷѡͦãһҲҪȥǱ߳˲ΣطúǱȫһȥͦãܿ˳¹ӢһǧǮ

¹ӢۣҲ̫˰ɡ

ܵǺɡ㣬ҲǷҪȥ

¹ӢTM

˵˻ȥ

¹ӢǺǣҸȥˣһῴģæģͲ鷳ˡ

ڣˣҪǲȥүӿɲһͬԶš

¹ӢTMݣ




23.           ¹Ӣڶ͡

¹Ӣڶд˳롣
Ϊʱ, ǵõһܳû취Ǵæˣϵýźˡ

¹Ӣߺ˵˵߾, Ҳûʲôӵġ
ɫº, ͸ƵġְսҪӵ˷ӵ˼¡
ƽʱʲô, Ҳȥ䷢֪ͨȣϷűЩǴЩӻ, 㶼Ըɵģ¹Ӣ
¹ӢҪʲôڸɵĴҶɵ˰ҶʲôҪҪ£ǶѻŵٸҲǲ, ûʲôýӵġ

Ҫǫ飬ĲĶ˵, Ҫ˵, ɴǶ޳Ҫֻ԰Լ, װĳ˴, ˼ЦĿ쵼ģͷһƨɡ˵һ鲻Ըڳ뵥ǩ֡
¹ӢĬĬ꣬²ǩֻͦࡣ
뵥ȥҸǹ¡
, ڻڹء

ݿǸõطҸȥ軹Сǻȥ, 㵽ʱʱҲȥתתԶĿɱȥһˡ
Ǻ£¹Ӣʣôһˣ
ȥʳöˣȥ˳
¹ӢŲյλãȼܵİ֮
ȣλأ
˭֪⼸û
¹ӢζŶһ뵥ˡ

Է¹ӢŴ˼粢簤¹ӢŴ˵ԼҪȥݵ¡
Ŵ󱦻û¹Ӣ˴Ǯϻع֪¹ӢҪǮˣܴ̼ѽ˵զͲأ˵զͲأҲǮءС֡
¹ӢĿ֣ɶأԷء
ӢӣҲ뷢ơ
Ҫ뷢ƣҵģԺ飬
Ŵ󱦲ţôã
¹ӢۣⲻϻӲأʣ
Ŵ󱦣ǻ̵ģ
¹ӢҲȫǰɣҲڻͨʵԣȻ㿴鲻Ͷˣ鱾ǻûɶҲа
Ŵ󱦣ҵӺú鰡
أҲŶʮѧ㶫кô
ŴҡͷҲУһͷ

Ŵ󱦴СһֱǸҸĺӡ趼йһӣСͳšҶǰͰѶ޳ĹøŴ˳˸ĵŶ󣬻ӣաӣʱ˱ͷ֣ÿϰ඼ɾ
ƽʱϰǮڼҴӡûϱìܣ˺⻹Ҹܣװ軹ڸǰšŴСӹ֪Ľء
˵Ŵ󱦵˼ֵܽڶ࣬Ϊӱ磬ҲΪ˹ϺӣӲǿɫ˼֣޸Ŵ󱦡¹Ӣͦ棬ŴԵ˧Ҳ֪׳ɶ

ãܰɲҲǲСǾô˵ģϰϰҲС

Ŵ󱦹ᾢ˷ö汾¡Լö˴Ǯܱȱǿ
¹Ӣöģһ϶һ˻Դͣвѡ
Ŵ󱦸¹ӢһܱöҹȻû㡣
Ŵϲӿ¹Ӣ˽ȥ
Ŵ󱦣ҿɾͲˣͰҵôһȥһûҶӳԹء
¹Ӣû⣬ͣСֶӶϡ
ö湻˼˵һܱ

֣ҪˡСҲǸ鳤ע㡣

Ʊ²¹ӢģʶˣǰֱȥվƱС

˼Ҳŷˡ
軹ƣҲôֲǳӵˣôˣ׷үӺüء
үֻһ仰ȥҲá
ԽԽԾҲ̫˰ɣܾʲôطԾ

˻𳵾ͺ˷ܣ࣬Ӳԣҩϰһš
Ǹҩҩȥġη纮ġʪģ˵ϷɳʪˡγġүרҴģˮġӢӽ㣬Ĳ˾͸˵
¹Ӣ찡Ҳ̫ȫˣ̫ܵˣһСůаǰˣ˭ҪǼ޸ǰöҸ
˵Ĳ˼ҲСˡү˵ˣٹҾܿˡү˵ˣ߷ˣܿˣҲҼҵҽٿ
¹ӢǸãҿҽɾָˡ
ظ֤û⣡
θųӢӽַò˵ҪӢӽٿ飬ҪӢӽһǧ飬һǧٿ鰡ôǮ;ò˼ҪˣҲ֣ᷢӢӽҲóôǮˣͶԲӢӽ㣬ŰӢӽɵɶ
Ҫ˵ԼҪǸҲҪٿ飬ͳӢӽҪһǧӢӽ˵Ҫٿˡ

¹ӢҴʲô
찡棡
ڸˣԴ˵ʳڻϳԷ̫ˡ
һһУ¹ӢԼһ˰˸ˮ󵰡
ᶼŷζ

ΣҪҪһҲҪƱˣǮһ
̷ֽԣһԺз
磬治԰ˣʣһɡ
ֽϽģ˭ˮ
߶ҾһԷģʲôˮˮġֲûԹʣ
׵ֿסջû¹Ӣ׬ǷĲۣڻ˺зԡ

Ļ𳵣Ҫڶ絽ݡ˷˯һϴˢԸ緹ʰʰױݣҲ͵վˡ
쳧Сγǡ

캣Ǹϸģĥţڻܳż죬ȳţҪǰˣǲǾ൱˷˼ʹȨһʮ죬߰ʮ죬ǻ޵ģôһ㣬һСʮǮء⻹ûǹʦĸַء˷һۡԣ쳧ڼԼ˷ѵľ豸תһ̡
ǣһ죬쳧ʳð緹¹ӢϢһ죬ԶǳӵдϢһɡ
ڶ죬ó칫δųӲιһȦԻ˽һǳķɣвĵطӭǸ
ӡȾһ˿ӡȾΪǵƷչʾ˸ֻɫ˿
ƷչʾԱǸСⷿһЩβЩһ㶼ڲԱ߹ڸԱڻһЩ覴ƷǱ˴ڲԱ
¹ӢתһȦÿ˻˿ʮһĴ˿
¹Ӣͦ˼˶ֲ˼ġ
ֱ¹ӢţŤʲôǼƷÿ쳧Ҫ飬ǳˣҪö쳧Ͽٻ᲻ءҪƴǣƲˣǵڲԱҲһ顣֪ɱӦø͡

¹ӢЦﻹţڲۿ湻˵ģҪ϶ǮǷģ˾ϲ˿ıˣ϶˰򣬿ɾһ˼ҾͲҪǮˣ񿪿ҪƵģ¹ӢֻӲţɲҿڡ

죬쳧˾δһ˻ëǮϳһ㣬Ʒ൱ˣһʮ顣
ãֻһ졣

¹ӢЩôţȥ˳˵ǰɣⱾܻȥģ쳧ôһ㣬ǵüȥˡ
Ҫ쳧һ£簲İ

ʲôҲҪңһһ޶ûʲôӰ죬쳧žˡ
ȻǴŹġ
ӡȾһҪҵ˿ӡȾ޲ӡȾĻҲӣʱæͻҺĳӡ
޳ʱӵӣһģǰϴεβˡõ߲˴
Ҫ߼ȷʱҪ¹ӢĳȥԷԽӡ
Ҳ·ϲ֪żĻأѹǩʱǩĲ鲻ԸģԭĻư

¹Ӣ˵ģ˵Աȥ˯ˡ

ڵ磬߼ȥȷϺˣûʲô⡣ǩֵ˫һ顣¹Ӣһ
Ҳˣʣˡ
ӡȾһ豸һҲתһˡ
쳧Ͻ
ܺã¶һˡ
¹ӢȻҪȥģѾ׼ˣΪԷһء
ȻҲȥ˶ʱȫ̲۵Ķ¹Ӣ
°ͣѾͷһ豸֣Ҳ֪ˡ

쳧ͷߣ˶˵쳧ֻ۲ͷСз˸Ķǻۡ
캣ע⵽ģ˳ߣע⵽¹Ӣˡ˼һת¹ӢؿҲ˭ĳŪˡ
쳧ЦˣСǱŪˡ
ӲɳСƭûôﲻڰԿ϶СӱŪסˡ

쳧ܸˣά޷ĸˡ豸°Ư˳û󹦷˵ʡһǮ˵ʲôҲҪ¹Ӣ˳Դͣƿę́

¹Ӣһę́ЩԾԾԣʮę́Ҳ֪ζôûȹ

쳧˾ر£޳ԺȵûУ쳧˳ԷͰ
˾ÿ˶һѾơ
ĵûҶѡ
¹Ӣ֪Լһ׾û⣬οę́¹Ӣƴ£쳧˾Ȱ¾ͺڡ
¹Ӣúȡ

쳧˵СǸձҵĴѧôᣬ˰
¹ӢⲻǸչ𣬶ʮһˡ
쳧Ϊһ
쳧ˣ¹ӢϽѣ쳧һ£һˡ˻˻ƹζ

쳧ɲֻˣˡҾ쳧
쳧һѽһѣ˾мƴڻ˳쳧ƣ൱һ

ֳԵһ룬쳧ˡ
⻹һ⣬֪ԸԸһˣǶ˵ģ۾ȴ¹Ӣ
иǹݵģԼǮڰ˸֪ɣǹҸճǣǮԼ쳧ͶءǸӴģһţͶǮ˸ӡȾװǳǰӡȾ豸豸أⲻҲ𣬸Ҵ绰ά޵أ˵ܲװ׸Ǯɡ

¹Ӣ㱻ˮǺˣû뵽׬һʱת쿪ˣ

ҲЩɵۣڣ˵ǿԶˣ

쳧˵ҸѣҲܿǰɣԶܹȥҲףҸǶȡǧ̨豸壬ôҲҪǶ׬ѡǮƴֵģǮ飬߯

¹Ӣһ壬˲쳧СͷͶߴˣţⲻ˵Ǽ۵ġ¹Ӣ֪ôлл쳧ˡ
¹ӢžԴǣҾллˡ

˵Ǳڿˣ𰡽ģͦڵ̯СģΧⲻһҪȥҲ

쳧ǶϢͨ߶˼䣬˽һ㣬лˣҲҪȥ

¹Ӣֻⷹ˲ˣֻϽȥǮȥ
ƻȥתתȻֱӴӺǻؾˣ¼ƻб䣬תʲôǰϽҹȥڰɡȥ⣬ɲץʱȥؾǣȻȥ̫³˵ȥ
˴Ҵҳ˷дʰ˶˾ȥ˻վҹȥڡ




24.  Ǯ+high         

Ѿڶˡ
ȻһϼһĻ, ¹ӢһҲû෴˷ܣۿ, ܲ𡣶һ·ҲûǮ, ܲ

ϰջ, ֣ǵСǽһɣӷϴҲǶõķꡣ緹ûϢ, ֱȥ˹
˼ǳһǸоͲһر£豸Ҳر¡һŽõģҲ, ܲ𡣳رɾ࣬һо, ǹһæµĺ, ó˼æµ
¹ӢܿͰ豸޺ˡ
ֱ, ڲӰʹá

¹Ӣİֳ, ˳ǮڿװǮˡ¹Ӣ·ЩƮҲǮˡ

Ǵߵ, ϰǶĳƱ
ϰ廹ָٰأôܲúдһ¡
֪ǹæҲм, ôܲתһתߣתһת̫ϧˡҲһģûŴһڸĸ￪źķɣ仯󰡣ԺǱ仯󡣡
ǻϰĶӣϰһЩͬ⣬ҲһЩ
ƹӱС꣬պöʮ꣬дЩѡ
ȥнתһתʲôĶУҪƱǮ򵽡˶ȥ

¹Ӣקȥô죬ܶס𣿡˻𳵣ҲĻ𳵲ܵǡ
ս¹Ӣܵܶס׼ôлң
¹ӢǮϽ㰮ǰ涥ţҲ¡˾ǰд۹ʡڲǮ۹ʾͿ۹ʣǿ۰µĹҲ¡
٣СѾͷƬӡ
ڿˣû뵽λôɣҲáϰˣһ⡣

û˾Լȥн֡
͸¹ӢһӵĹ档
¹ӢָŹʻţ¥½ģģ
ſһ۹ƣԣƷģȫҲƷˣڽѾˡͦ˹򡣡
¹ӢǮһƽ
ţһǧ
Ŵͣûɣһǧһװɣ
˵ˣ¹ӢҲˣô󣿡
ţʸǵģȷʵҲƷأҲ򡣲٣ǺЩǱߵĹһһ׵ġʮƽķӣһǧһƽһˣ٣ֺס

۸ҲۣǵʣⱲǶˣоǮǮˣשͷǵķô󣬹ڰ㷿ز׬Ǯ

ô¹򣿡֮ǰֶҪ¹ҪǸССĺؼҾ
¹ӢǺǣ򣬾̫ˣе᲻áҲסӾ򣬾ǷڻˣӾĺԺ
޿֣ѾˣٲǮ˰ɣҲֻһ׷Щһȣ˲Լˡ

¹Ӣ¶ź̫ˡ

ţȷʵ󡣡ҲƷܲطҲһЩ˽լ

ſ¹Ӣȷʵӵ뷨˵иҲ˸زĿǱˣİһƽǵطЩƫҪҪȥ
¹Ӣ̵߰ȥ
ϡһŻ˷

ǶǵҲ㣬¥ͼֽҲʦŪģ͸һǧһƽĲ࣬λ̫ƫ¥̼۸͵ζϲµģһǱǮ˻ϡһֱĲ̫á
¥ǣŪ˸ҵĿǵĶǸʽ̣һ㿪꣬סˣ¶ʮƽ˵ʲôҪҵ֣Ƭûˣĺܡ¥̺͵ĿĶãҲˣأһһס
ҪĻٸۿۡ

˲ʮӣڿȷʵеƫˣڴ󲿷˶ûȥĻ·õгȻԶ
·޺ˣֿ˳Ҳͼŵ¡

۸¹Ӣ;ˡ
¹Ӣѡ˸ٽ¥һ㣬ʮƽһķӣٽû׼ܸĳɵ̣һ㻹СԺ
˺ð£Ҳǻƹȷʵѷȥ״¹Ӣ
סլȥ̣¹Ӣһַ̣ˡȷʵĺܡ
ܲסڷչ찡;ҲһסȻˣˣ۸񻹺ʣǮĻԺÿ˯˶ᴸԼ
̱ʹ۴ģǸ١⸴ʽ¶ʮƽ൱һһˡ

¹ӢôʹףĶҲһףϵ̡
еǮҲǧ࣬ھǷšȫҲͼٿ顣ֻܳ¹ӢǮˣ뻹Ǯ˽Ҫˡ

һүȥǰġ
ģĴ󣬼ʷ񣬺˾˾١ү͸˴ңȻ̣ĸ׻ũϼҡ
ƽƣ󡣽źҲ˲ӣһȶҪһһޣҪĸȢʵ͸˼סһˣӶˣĸֵܾͱСꡣ

ү̲ͬ⣬κζֵȢˡ
үôЩ궼ǺĸΪĸŮЩð˼ױĸˣʡڼһӻѡ

һֱүʮ꣬ϵҲ֪ǲķˣȻȥǣ˵Ҫȥү̰ͦˣ˭´һӰүʱϴģԸһ¡͸ȥ˾ǡ
׵ң׵֪ǰȥܸˣʲôܵС
˭֪ھǴ£ڴȴ֪ˣֻԭĴ壬תһȦתϼˡ
ĸܵȥˣ
ʱǱߵģñ׵ˣˡ

ҲǺ֪׵ڵԼԿõãϵ˰ֵֻܵˣԼӵȥˡȥĵ걬սʬ޴档

Ϣ˺óʱجΣһ˯μԼˣμԼڱĺˮʬ屻ʳÿ巢һ亹
ԴԸ׳ġҲллڵӡ

үȻҲģɸңûӣȻڸǰĸס
ү̺ȥһ״լһӽĸײٳֵġ
ЩҲͼ棬үȥʱڸ׵ӣ˵岻ãүȥҲûܻ

ȻһӴ£ȵ֪ܷˣͽ֪ݻ˾ǡڵĹҲԼǮҹϵġ
ϵĻϲ⣬ǰ¾͸ҵǺеĳ͡Ȼһֱ´ţϰҲû꣬ƽʱԸίԼĺܣô¼ǧǮ

ס¹Ӣһ壬ؾһ㡣
¹Ӣ衣
ҴǷ
衣
Ϣһ壬໹١
١
ҧС
¹Ӣȥһ֮ڻ塣ȻͼϢ
С
дɡ
ҧдǷд˶٣Ϣ٣컹壬ддǩְӡ¹ӢŰǮó
һǧ壬ùˣȥǵûһ塣
ӹǮҧгݣС

¹ӢҪҪҲһףҽǮ㡣
Ҳ衣
ϢҲ㻹Ǯ˻ҾС
費裬һҲ𡣡ŵˣ¹ӢҪǮ

¹Ӣֽ𣬻ǧ壬ȥһǧ壬ʣһùǮһס

¹Ӣɸ֣˵ôôԽԺ϶ܷչġ㿴ǵٿ磬

类һŻˣ¹Ӣô˵Ҳ衣ҪǷһǮϸ˯žˡ

ţʱ̫ˣ֤ûô죬ַȷ֤Ҿ͸ǼĹȥ
ַ˶޳绰칫ҵ
ţҪȥɣҪҪҰȥ
¹Ӣ᲻̫鷳ˣ
ţʲô鷳ģҸ绰дĵӹҵϲ͵ˡһⰡҲⲻϼۡ
¹Ӣûϵûϵ٣ⲻȥȷźˡǲ⣬Ͱ⡣ҪȥˣȰš»˺úлл㡣
Ҳ˼ǿҪ⣬ⲻȥͷš϶⡣
¹ӢǾ﷢չ죬϶һһۡ
Ժû׼ԼҪãԺ󣬿ôɣϰ̯ıȱȽǣǴҪѹסˡ

귿ӣתȥ˲н֣¹ӢѾûʲôתˣһתǮסˡ

Ķ࣬඼ƱһȦ¹ӢĿ
ϴ»򣬿ϧǴȥѽ¹Ӣرһϴ»ҪƱǴϻ̫ˣ᲻
ϴ·ϴˣСպϣʲôģϴ̫ʹˣǶ죬̫ܲˡ
¹Ӣϴ»ᡣ

ϢҪˣҾͰϴ»ȥ
¹ӢҲ̫˰ɡһϴ»˹Ѷ٣͸Ҳ۰
ؼ㵽ĹȥгԱվûƱϻ𳵸ͳϾ¹Ӣɿڡ
Ӣӽ㣬ҪԿܲܰᶯ

㣿¹ӢҡͷδС壬ϴ»ˣˡ
һ٣ɲɰɡ˲ˡ
١͵Ұװá
ɽ

һ¹Ӣ˾˸绰Сϴ»

ϴ»ת

¹Ӣ˼ҶһЩزȥˡ
үһױīһñӡ
үӺһһ˫ƤЬҧʮǮԼ̴Ŵǵġ
ţ۹⣬ĿɺˡرҪϲ裬ϳ˷Ҵȥõط

¹Ӣһεģſ鲼˼Ρ̯һӵĸŮ
̯һɫر͸رƯ¹Ӣ߲·ˡûء

ϲĸ˵㡣ǺöҪȱıǮҲЩˡҪ⣬򷿣û

¹Ӣģ·

źġţͰЩ

Ӣӽ㣬һͲµģ϶Ǳ˴ʣµġӢӽ㻨ǮûףǮ̫ˣð§ŵ㡣

СֵܣͲˣЩԽԽֵǮġ

¹ӢָָɫǮ

ǧ

ֱ¹Ӣߣһ̯Ҫǧƭӣ

Ҳ˵ⲻԲȵģҪǮյĻž͸ңǧǮ˵ҪʲôӣҶŪ

˼¹ӢҪߡ

Ǳ˵㣬˵Ǯ

¹ӢǰߣŤͷۣͶǮ

¹Ӣ̯һһۣ¹Ӣ׻ǧ顣
ǸһЩɫĽԼؼ͸ĸĸϲӣ߶ԿһҲûϽ

ŮˣһǸǮͶ
װǮȥˣۣ

ϻŻ˿ȥˡŰ˴ȥ˸
һֱ̤˼䡣Ⱦƣģʽеҹܻ˼
۹ˢˢЦ̣ӭ١

һĻһһ㶵ġ

ϱӣ¹ӢҲûֵطһоԼϵ˰߸еĴ¹Ӣ档

ȥеĻװŮĶȹӡ

¹ӢЩڣԼͦģ洩һףСƤЬģվӻͦһԱȣԼľԵˣһǳ׵׵գںҲûͿⲻ˰֪ȹӵģҲû뵽ůͣҲûȹӵʱ򰡣һĹѽ

õ㣬ϲԼҲøԼǮ棬Ҳ˵סرװ֪ĻΪֳء

¹ӢҲʣֻֻʱʱ۾ǴŮĿ˻ֱ㡣

̨һиָճһе衣Ϥ

ţҺѺϻ￪ģʲô㣬Ǳ˵ű˷Ա

¹ӢѽǸúСϰѽ

ʲôϰ岻ϰģСС֣¹Ǻһͬ־ɣŵþ

¹Ӣףп֣Һȿְɡ

ϽҲǡ

ſƿƣϣǲȾƣǺȡ
˶žƱһ

һۻû꣬ҳӵĳˡ

Ҫrock you rock yo youĶ½УܲҪ˭Ҫⷳ˵ۣǲǿӣǲǷءһ־ŷԱӣһ־žƿӣмӢŷԱ⻨ôǮֵģǸӲ̹£ӰⶼŲţȥϰ

ԱҲҷֻһǸԱ߻һͷû˵Сܡ

ŸϽ˾ô¡

ڱĨأָϽ˹ϰ壬ѽҲ˲úʲôˡϽ˵ˡ
ģ˵ձŮǸ˦ˣŮ˸֦ӶҲס˼߽ˡǺȶˣˡ

ţⲻǺȶˣǵˣ˰ôñȥôڣ⻹ˡ

ҵĶϰ尡˿ģ˵ҲյģۻǱ

һʲôգǱŮ˦ˣģ۵ӣүˡأ

˲һֱҪʲôӢĸ𣬴ϰ˵ʶһᳪӢĸģȥˡϰ˵ȺϵۣҪӦ㡣㻹ÿ˵ģ˵ˣֻҪѹˣǾϵۡ

ϲҲϲ裬ǲȥɵȱӳһף°ƽˣӢĸ裬аûס

ϰ壬ѹ㣬ϲʶᳪӢĸѽȷʵȱᳪӢĸġԺ϶Ҫ뼸ġ

ţûлᳪӢĸѣ˵ˣ˵Ķ١

¹ӢǱ߻ڲͣ˭ȰûãĿĲݵӣֵĶԽԽΧ۵ҲԽԽࡣ

¹ӢŴֵֹģҪѵȥôҲҪллƹӣⲻ裬˵Ŀ϶ǽ㣬ᰡ

¹ӢСϰ壬һᣬֻ᲻ֲ

һϲæ

˲ᣬѾǸˣֿɶǻǮģбµġɶܡ

¹ӢðףԼһΧٰͷҸߣβȻβһ˦̨ȥˡ

ϰ壬⣬𣿡

Ҳʶİ˽Ⱑֻܿ

ᡣ˵Ӣڸ裬ôҲܳɡ͸˵ййܳɣ˵

ǸԳߣǰǳּһ¹Ӣĵ˵Ӣӽ϶ᡣ

¹Ӣ˦β̨ˡ

һ¹Ӣоˡ

̨ɢŹâ¹ӢЩ

ĿתĻлţֻ˸ԺҲҪЩӢĸ裬ֻҪѧ

ֳΧ𱬣ȼ

Ҳſˣ˷ܵĸżС

һϣϡ

¹ӢҲܿģûصִƵģеhigh
ھһɵĸоǷĸоϧܡ

һֱһһס
¹ӢþûˣҲЩδֳһ׵ּ̡

˿ֳ˸裬¹Ӣŷһϡ

Ҳŷˣֵط̫ױΧȾˣѹֵõͷţ󺰴й˶ǿܵġ
ûоϰ޶û˯ţ黹šҲܣƺȶˣͷ˯ˡ

ڶ죬¹Ӣһ˯硣

ſ͵վ

¹Ӣһ·ЩµĿʽ֪ҼҹŮװģ۵ʦƵģ·Ҳǳڵ۵ģЩ¹ſ϶

¹ӢӣҪҪô˼

͵ϵлˡŰ·¹ӢͿˡ

̤˻ؾǵĻ𳵡

У¹ӢüǮ
ӣϴ»ǳ׻ˡũԴӵ˳һֱԼڰԼıȳ˻ˡɶ棬ѧʶͶз߸ϣƽʱǶŵĺܣ£ǻˡ

ʵ˽ΪԼǸˣЩ˶Ƚ¡

¹Ӣûͦмġ

ũ峣ɻûҲ칫ң΢Щڵġ

¹ӢûӲǮģꡣ
ϱӾڰϴ»Ū˳ᡣ

¹ӢһԶ㡣

СûĵģҶΪ˭

¹ӢΪԼ£ٿǮء

ɻ󣺡磬㲻ΪٿǮҪܰᶯԼͰˣ٣ʮᡣ
˵Ķԡ¹ӢЦſˣͬ־ɵɵȵġ
Сӻ¯ȥ

һ·λơ




25.  ³         캣⡭

캣Ѿ´ͨ绰ˡ
㰡, ҲͿž

²ǣ˭㾫Ⱥﻹ
, ϳ, Ҫô˵, ҿɾͲˣϡͿĹɡ
£ʲô˼ˣ˵ͰȦ, һ㲻ʹ졣Ұæʱˣĥߴʲôл˵ƨš

캣ԺЩˤ˵绰
㿴ˣаɣذæķϡ, ҿλ¹

캣Իû˵ͱ, 붼, Сͬ־ǳصĶ⡣˵˶ھ, ϶ȥôԶĵط۴󾩳ǲǵؽǿ
캣ԣɶˣȥˣ˵ʲôȥ, ˵ˣǺôͲ㾩ˣǴ续

ȥ캣Ե˽⣬ǽֲǸɲ캣ϢҲ̫ͨ˰, űίĽȥ̸֪ˣ
ҲǱίĽȥˣ֪¹Ӣһƪɫ, ķͷˣͼ£ԳӶֻкôǺ°ĥ쵼ɵզˣ
ֻû뵽Ĳֹˣⱻ̿ˣ̵绰˱磬ķߵϵʽ
ڴҶ̶̰ӣⲻͻ㱨ίˡ
ίϵ֪ɫ䷽
ί˽һƪĺ͹ɫص֪ʶ˽˾ϵ˳¡

±žһ
ôҪ㲻֪ϱǳŸǳôѧ˵ǳȱ˲ŵզ˲Ÿˣô˲ŵģ
վǶһ£ʲôʲô쵼Դҩ˰ɣô͸һͷ

ί쵼Ǵ˦ˡ
·¹Ӣˣһ⣬°˭˵Ҳ˲ŵģҽٿǮءٿأ˰๤ءڷûⲻԼΰ

ۼ»ûʶ޼ȩɫҪԣ쵼һһȰԼӳĴϴָ֣Ļ˵ԼⷽҲǷȱ½˼䡣

£ô˵ͶǮ
쵼ͷȿڲԼ
СǸ˰
ˣ¹Ӣͬ־ˣСͬ־˵һ䷽£䷽ýҪҪʵԵĽҪģҲǱõģᷢһǧֽǰʱϱ߻ר£ר̻ûƣֻôˣרˣٸϾˡ

ŵ绰»þأЩ죬̫ˣҺûڳ
ⲻŰ캣Խ͸绰ˣص¹Ӣˣ뵽ˡСϢҲ̫ͨ˰ɣ˰ɡ
ɤӣֻҪ׵ʣԼ£϶͵û£뵽ȥ
캣ɣǲң
£ûС㵽ûУûҹ˰һæءôĥߴԺǿ˰˵ҶۣҼֱѲ
캣ûʳʲôͦģȣҿλ¹Ǹбµġ
£ⲻϻ𡣡Ѿ֪ˡ
캣ԣ㣬֪ˣСѾ֪ˡ

ѹûһƵϡһ˵ɫ£һ˵豸¡

£Ű㲻Ҳ֪ˣҲ̫ˡԶģϢҲ̫ˡ
֪ˣרŴ绰һ¡¹豸޵Ŀһ֣ɼ񵽱ˣԺ豸ǲˣҿ϶Ҫİ˵ڵۻ֪ͦ࣬Ҹˡ
£Ϻ˵ʲôСӺȶ˵ʲôء
캣ԣˣȻ֪ˣҾͲ˷ѵ绰ˣҲæء

캣Թ˵绰»ŵ绰ڻζղ캣˵Ļ
ΣڻعζתˣүģǱ˰
ø¹Ӣû뵽ôһ֣氵ȳ²ֲ˵۷ˡӴ̣ûĻҲӱⶼʣµģ

¹Ӣ絽ĵǡ
ڵѾˣҺõڶա
ϴ»ʱ˳Ҫʹϴ»ȵװҪˮܣˮ¹ӢûŪ
Լ棬ѷװʱһŪ

һ磬¹ӢҶһЩزȥ˸ڡѲҶزүӡ
ȥ绰ͤ绰Լ档뾡Ժ
ĸ￪źᷢչ̫죬ǮԽԽֵǮԽԽֵǮ¹ӢãҪ컨ȥܸõʵֵȻֵֵĶԺʮķչûʲôǱ򷿸ֵֵܱˡ

ոһʱʱżѾˣĺԺûȥʵڲоͱˡҲǮⱲǲˣԺҲûá
ұǾǸ󻧣עˣǸ󻧣ָֹϳѧʿүүԣһСǰѴƲתƳȥˣʿУϧһûܳȥ
һһӶˡȫֻʣһˡ˵ÿôһ磬ȻЩǮ˼ˡ
˹ʱȥʿȡǮ˰Ǯ˰
ڣһЩҲˣֻʣĺԺˡԭǲżҪĸߣۿҪˣɲżˡϧ˵ҪԭԥֱӾͻػ˵ˡ
ˣǵΪʲôèˣⲻв
¹Ӣ͸绰ˡᶼԸⲻͼˡ

ҪͰԺӶˣҴģҲռˡһĺԺģԺӴλúãĻʳǸ£˾ԲԿסһһûʱһһˣԺӣԺӣаǾˡ

¹Ӣӻģ

ʵ˵ɣԺ˻ҵģʱסʮأҶûָջ˭֪ͦЩ˰סǶˣլҲˣʣһõĿլӣ󰡣λûðһ£סſ϶СԺӻɣһǮ
¹ӢۣⷿôĿţûֵܣ㵱ءӻְԵİɣզǮġĿզִĳЩ񰡡
ʲô㲻ǰɵȱһΪƭӰɣ
¹Ӣ˵ƭӣɵȱ
ߣҴ㿴ȥӲ¹ӢȥǸĺԺתһȦ

λȷʵãʹϽˣȷʵʳǸ¡
¹Ӣôôʲôɣ

ҪˣˣվߣⱲӶˣլʲôã
¹Ӣⲻִӵͨ𣬶ҪԼҪȫҪʲôʲôģۡ
¹ӢԥԽԽƭˣؼƭ˵ĸƵġ
¹Ӣ̽˵
ֱİ壺
¹Ӣˣˡ֪ԲۡҪٱ˵㣿
ˣأΨŮСҲˡ
ŤͷˣⱲܹˣԺҲһүǮⷿүŷùˡ
磬߱߰¹ӢϽסˣʧʱϵҲˡ

ǩԼԼȥͽǮ
죬ôϽǮҪȻǧ
¹ӢԺ治ˣԺ۹ҷչ˲
һҲûˣɶ˵ĵأѪһⱲʹǱĹˡ
Щ֮ܳΪݵģǰǾ侮ʯСˣⱲӶټЩʶĲʶһ˻ĿһУ뱨¸ֻۣͣİοԼ㱨ˣҲزˡһų˽ˣѡӱܣҪ뿪ЩԶԶģһС
ԺҲһ׮£Ҳһ˽ᣬⱲӿ϶ٻˡ󾩳ǣڡ

ۿˣ¹ӢϽų˸εӣĽˣһʽ򵥵жʮˣڲ໹յ֡
Ȼֻ˼ңӣ˿ҶһЩزȥ¼ҡ

ӡȾһ˿Ƕ¹Ӣ
˵Щţ˵ʶŮֻӢӽ㣬Ͱ˿͸ˡ
ȽǷᣬ˿ֱһ䣺ǮҵǷۡ
¹Ӣ




26.  һ         ¹Ӣһϰ࡭

¹Ӣһϰ, 칫ҴЩںĸ㡣
Ŵ󱦣һ˿ʳõһ
һͣ緹ķּɡ
Ŵ󱦶ɵķ˵ͺϲ£, Ե
ŴһȦôȥҪһȦ, 
¹ӢίȰ˵, ٳڣԱˣŵԼ
Ŵ󱦣ǲҳ㷹ˣ
û, ûҾû˼֪Ҳʣʣһءȥñˡǲ, 㰡ǡ
Ŵ󱦣ҲҰ, ұ
¹Ӣ  , ԡԵɱͷˣǲ
˷, ¹Ӣסʳòɵ, ġ
ʱûǱߣһڰ칫Ϣ¹Ӣֱȥû, ϽǮ

һ죬˼һ
ʲô˼ģǷǮֲҡ
ͷһαôŻծ, ϶ЩΣȣ죬϶˽Ѱ׵
Умãͷж٣
ȣǧ
㲻ǧ͸ҳҽһ壿ˣòʰɡ
ǿһǧ塣
¹ӢϢ㰡
ϢϢһһ롣
ˣȻǧ
ôӦвǮɣôҪǮʲô
ûϵмá
ɱƭˣ˵˵ɶãȻȲˡ
¹ӢȻǷǮǴү
㲻˵˰ҽЩۣȥһ
ԺҽǮⱲӶǮˡ
ΪеķֽԺ˵Ժ󡣡
¹Ӣűֽܷ
¹ӢżǮֻý͵żǮСԺҴ
Ǯù
ԭСԺ˭˭ɵ档
ôΪˣȥתһȦãǵķ۲߰ǿռ䰡ԺпΪǰˡ
¹ӢǷۣҰԺӶˡⲻǮͲ𡣡
ģ𣿡
Ѿˡ
Ȩȷܹ
˵ܡ
ʲôʱǮ
˵ȥ͸Ǯǩ˶
룬ǸԺӵĵַңҰһ¡ǮҴ˵
ʲôʱܴԼˡ
϶¡
㾡죬尡ҲȰǮңֻסǸСԺҲˡȨĺԺ
ͷ֪ˡʲôʱȥҸһȥôǮţҲ±˵һƭӣҲŵ㡣
У㣬ʱǮҾС

磬¹Ӣٻˡ
¿һĻᣬ쵼ӻᣬᡣ
ⲻ͵ȵŰ¹Ӣ˹

С°±ŵвҲƵԭ򣬾豸ȷһţȰ䷽½˵
С°зǸɫΪǳӽ˴鷳ӵʱٿǮ
¹Ӣ̵ûյ
ûǮͷȥѽûյװźܾȵӣҰ׷һ£ģĿ϶Ҫġ
лл
°ֵ֣һᡣˣ㻹ǰɡ
¹ӢҲװܾȵӣ濯𣿳ǿˣֻŸԼͶȥˣû뵽ˡҲʲô£ûλ㱨
дĺð°Ѹ̵˵ˣ˵ίҪ
¹Ӣʹ죬Ͱ䷽дҪľãŵߣѪܵӸǣǧҪŸɰ
¹Ӣ̬ȣ٣ί˵ˣǱ㣬һǧֽ
¹Ӣж˵ллллί쵼ⶼӦġǱҾͺܸˣˡ۳Ӳ˵Ѿ𡣡ٿȻǽģ˭ˣ˭͸³
£˸飬⽱ôûλ֪ĻΪҳ¸øĽûءĽţӦõġ
¹ӢЦЦǣллллί쵼ǡ
˳칫ң¹Ӣɿ쵼̸ۡ

˰¹ӢĵַȥԺΧһȦ˼ںϢͨѴһȷûʲô⣬ڶȥǮȡ˳

磬¹Ӣ˰١
һȥ
¹ӢȷʵǮˣʵ˿
ĺ˳¹ӢǮҲˡǮʹ˱ǻӻ֣кǸ

¹Ӣϲ̵ŷ֤ȥ͡
һܲȥ
¹ӢϳӣߣȥˣǷһץۼĶˡõģʮŻǮɡ
᲻˰ôǷһˡǽһǧɣϢ٣һһǰɣղŻǧȥǷҵһǧҸϴ»Ķ٣ⲻʣǧˣɻؼҺúðˣɱ˵Ƿһˡ˿аɣ㶼׬ˡ
Ŀɹһģôãȥɻϧˡ
ֲϱҵȻˡҪռұˣϱ֪˲Ҵܡ
ޣ˭ռˣ˿ҸʮһˣסˣϽǮǧ߰ߣһֶУһҸһϢ
Ǯǻʮ˿أ㻹ҪҪҶ㡣
¹Ӣųʹ˼ȦԶԶġ
ЦЦҲӿٶ׷ȥ

ѵס
¹ӢΧΧȹˣͦô£԰Σû뵽㻹һְ׵ƹ׼
Ӣӽ㣬ɺóˣǲܳźõˡǰ羭үүȥͲôˡ
ѵøˣүӻ˾Ƴ

үӣǷ޵ĺã˲һλүأһҪСסգ˵ѧ峵һ㲻ţǸҽҲ֮һˣϧˡ
үӺȵеࡣ˳Եĺܾˡ

ۿҪ˸Ůˣλ֯˸ŮڱȫŮͬ־Աμӡ
ƷгɨϰףԲ޲з
⽱ƷøŮɻġͲܰѽƷóɲͣױƷΧñӵģǳԵĺȵҲаһҪϰѷģǸŮøŮͶ
¹ӢȻ²ۣӵĸŮͬ־ǶܸˡڴĿǰøóɼгأҲŮͬ־ǶԽƷ⡣
ѱĿ͹˸ʾ
һĿܲԷںʹƹһȽȽȽͲ뽱
ÿĿǰһȽŶȽˣȽʮˣʮԺǲ뽱
һȽףȽһ޲뽱
°˺磬ȫŮͬ־ʳöȥ
ʳöڳλˡ

ƹ¹Ӣǲ̫Уܲӷ԰
ȱȵܲ¹Ӣ˵ڶһ̡
ƹ¹ӢֱӷˡֱȥμӷĿ
ʮһ飬ÿʮڡÿһЩСһٱһ֣һȽ
¹ӢСӵˢˢģɵ˸Сһ
ȵ飬Ŵ󱦣ܲɣұǲգվϡƷԱǹĳ㣬վڲԱߡ

¹Ӣţаû˰ɡ
տ¹Ӣһۡ
¹Ӣ˻ȥ
ҧƣ

¹ӢֻӷڣӵĲ
꣬ǵһڶ
һŴ󱦲ˣֻһ˶Ƚ㣬ǲǼǴˣڵأôǵһ
յѰУǷзˣСڴӷϵƶĹǵֻڷϲܼ
¹ӢֶסŴ󱦣⻢ǣΪ˸Ƚڵ﹤Ͳհû׼Ѳձĳˣ˵𣬻ǣͷҲֲ㰡û˶֪ϲҲûһ˵

Ŵ󱦻ָŲգЩ칫㣬ǹ˿ɲ㡣
Ŵ仰Ѫ԰ΧĹ˻Ӧġ
ԣҿҲǣ϶ˡһСһͲ
ʱȺɤӺǣϸûƾʲô»ȫʣƾʲôϸ¿Ǯˣ浱ҿİ˵ˣù˵۴ҵġ
ԡǡƾʲôȫڹʡ
˰ѲΧһȦָָ㡣

ǸʲôǸŹĹ谭ٰͷǼǹɢˣɢˡϽ콱ȥĳ㿪ʼȺ

Ϊ۹˵Ĺʲôᣡ
ԡǡ
һ£泹ʧءй˶ʼ

ֱϯ˲Űѳ˽龭󣬹ϯȡ˲յıΣֵѳѵһ١ڹʵ£ܣŵ㱨

㿴ҿ㣬ɢȥ콱Ʒ

¹ӢһȽһ뽱
ŴһȽ뽱̡ͦ

¹ӢŴһɼΣȻҵһվ
˵ģҲЩȾˡͽƽ𣬻Уƾʲôûϰ໹ȫڰҲޡ

ĳȰ󱦰Ժ£ɵǰ壬ûɶģ¿סһ£ۿкַܶﵽĿġŲţպ͹ľԼסˡ£˼Ǻ޵ľǵһͷˡ
סͼס£ʵʵڿҿϰ࣬ܰҿ˲ɣǸң
ǲŰôɰﲻʽڳӴȥء
ɡ
¹Ӣ϶
ŴЩŵˣǸô죿û˹˻᲻˰Ͼ˶ǳģСǳҾġ˵ģԼš
ʱúϰ࣬𷸴ץסѱҿ³ֹ˽ֵģЩ߲ȵҪ¡Լע㣬ֻҪǳ㣬һж˵¶룬Щأ֪û׼ͲȿˡУ±嶯ò׼ңһ˼˼ס𣿡
Ŵ󱦱һһ㶵ģֻ̫еˣһͷٵͷ
ҺýһӻƽŴܾСƽ١

ĸڳͰţר˶
ʱһڼһ¹ԶͷֵĴ󣬵һžͱ£һŰſЦǶʱš
¹Ӣ˽Ӻְˣר˶ĵطȥ
ֱֽӣΧ˿·ͳˡ
ȿգѽӢˡ
¹ӢߣͰ˺Ӣ裬һӢ裬ˡ
Ҵϱûǽأۡ
Ц߹ȥʲô۲۵ġհȥǲһԽԽϲ￴û滹ҵء
Ĵϱ棬ǡӢӿб£ϰŶðͱȥˣ϶쵼Ӱ
һӿڣֹ£˼һТ˳Ż֪ԼӻûôТ˳ġ
չЦ
Ժ˭¹ӢТ˳˾͸ˡ
һСһǰܰ¹Ӣ˵£˵˼ôôТ˳ˣеĻר˵ϱָѧŵ㡣
СһͲ⻰ˣЩϱġ򲻵ӣ·򵽣Ҳ뻨Ǯúüһء濴˼Т˳˼ҵϱȥҲ˼ܿ㲻
ϱ﷭ֱۣû˵Ǵģ˵Ǳ̯
Ҳ̫Ӣ˵Ǳߺö̯ģǱ߻ʲô󣬲ҪƱǮ򵽡öǮȥǱأ֪ɣǱ߻ء
ӵλǸ˭ôɵԼӡ
գ˭֪ǮǮû¡
ڻûƷʱҪôǵλֵģҪôϴġ˵˭ϴķӰڣӵ١ӵĸ٣˭ӰҸ䣬ҶеסУ˭ɵǮ򰡡
ˣҽǿ˵ڿֽʱӢӵˣ˵¹ӢʲôףˣҲ¹ӢҲǶ޳ģӢӢӸ˵û
գʲôױ֪û˵
һӿڣǲͬͬհϱֽôװǲǱˡ
סˣֽأҿ
Լϱؼȥ

ֽˣҲʶְϱһ飬Ҳû̫ץסصˣ˽¹Ӣ޳ģˣһǧǮ
ץֽͻ˼ң¹Ͻȥ޳¹Ӣ˰ؼһˡ

¹ӢǱˣһǧǮ
ֽһǳ޳žͰѱֽʾˡôźֽѱֽժһҲ˸ʾ
ȫ֪ˡ

Ҳⱨֽء
豸ϴҪǰˣί¹Ӣȥɴ¹Ӣ豸ĴҲԽҲǸӸǻ˸Űˡ
ܰ˶˵豸޺ˣôҲӰɡ
˼¹Ӣ豸֡
˵ˣ豸豸ģӡȾ˼ҪǮ⳧ǮˣԼӵǮզá
ȥǸ⣬ԽԽÿС豸˸ˣίҲнˣԺӡȾʡǮˣⲻһ
»ЩԲģȷһ¡
οǸȥˣôҲ˽һɡ
˵Լ¹Ӣ豸
һ϶֪ʲôˡ¹ӢҪģ˭бأҲˡ
豸ô뵽
ݵ˵ӡȾ¹Ӣ޵ģǸӡθȥûзʲô
żȻ֪ˣҲûҪţϵ¹ӢܲܵǺ¡ðԼժ
ҲЩɣò׼һֱҲûҸ㱨ôһ˵Ҿû׼޵ġװӣʮа˾ž޵ģʱںݺڣ豸海šֻΧ豸תȦûʲô
ҪҪˣ
£У˽ʣʱȱܡ֪ˡ
˰࣬ר¹Ӣһˣ¹Ӣͨ˶Ժ˿ڹ
ڶ죬³˿϶𰸣ĳ׶ˡȴ¹Ӣͷʵ֪ͷʵľǰأĬĬվһԵ
ϳĳ³¹Ӣ豸ˡ




27.            ǣ

, һ쵼ӻϣ¾¡

е찡ǳҲŰꡣ
ǰǰôҲֲǸŮͬ־ǲŮͬ־, øŮȥ豸, ⲻЦ, ȱ˵ˣõĶ
԰һ, ȥ豸ǲܷڡ

쵼һ߸ˣ˹͹û˵˷׷׵ͷͬǴʱ򱣳󲻱̬ĹϯҲѵһʼͿڸˡ

豸ϴǰ, µĸˣӲ, ҲĴѧ, ûҲ
ⲻ, Ҷ˻, Լȥ䣬ÿ䶼ר豸ĶγиҲλãЩһֱڳתڳ, Ҳ͵ͷˣһõ¥˽¾˳·, ˵á

ϯôֻҪĸͬ⣬¾Ͱ첻ɣ
ȱ˭¡ֻҪǳµˣʤһ롣

£˽һͬ־豸ĵãڵϴУʲô˼ҷġٿϱ߻Ǳˣǲ֪Щ¡Ԥı׼Ļ֣ί̸ȷ˵ˣҪóӸʵԽҪó˲ţ˵ôɣ

ǲǸٵĽҪٸʽǰǰ

£ŶٿǮ¸ûʵλί쵼š

죺
֪ٿǮáô˵棬ϱ٣൱ٷˡϱҲǣʲôǮãݹǮ͸õĺͷһҪúýѵһ١

̾Ǳˣί쵼˵ǲ˲šȻǲͬ¹Ӣϣ˵˭豸Ŷˣ˼¹ӢܰӡȾ°ƽˣҲܣ豸һάޣƼ˱豸ܵģǮԼ泧ȥ

˷׷׵һ鰡أһ¹ʲŶ٣͸ˣϳθ̫ˣ

˵ģ¹Ӣ˸ޣֲ޵ģ豸ǮͲûˣ

£ԣͲûˣ˼ҾⱾ£˼ұ֤ˣ˴豸ķȰѸˣ˻˵ˣû׼ԺԼѧǸ豸ˡ

¹ӢʱװļͻȻʹ磬ֹҲ֪˭߶磬˵

º˿ˮͷηļ˰ɣҪҲӦָʾƸ߾֮ɲ˵Ķڵط

û˿ˣɱΪ¹ӢȥԼȥˡ

¼Ҫ澺ƸҿһҲӲҲǲʤΰɣҲǲ˵ŻָĿ۳졣

³ǳƤˡٵ»˵˻ȥ˵æˣɼûɣԼˣɱ˶ˡһܼĸҪǼԼˣԺڼһ黹һ죿

¹Ӣ豸ͨˡ

㶨쵼ӣ¾Ͱ¹Ӣ̸ˡ

ˣ¹Ӣ豸£˵Ϊһ˽˳ӵ棬˵ҪôҶ֪һ׬ôǮ˽ָҪô

˵ˣԼҲĹǺҪӻû飬û׼ߥӰ¹ӢȢؼˣȢľǸް

³ĳһΪ˵С°Ҿˣ۳ӣҺб֪ˡ

¹Ӣ֮ǰѣ֮ǰǴģֻмЦЦΣ³˵ʲô

ų¾˵Ĵ㡣ԺҪҵ豸úø豸Ȼ豸ˣ豸Σ˼ٸҪǮ

¹Ӣ豸Ҳ̫˰ɣң⻹ǿ԰ܾܾ

£ˣҪȫ֪˰ǮȻ㸸ĸֵܽʶ˶֪վ޿ˣĴ˵׬⳧ǮˣԼҲ˵飬ҪԺݺǱ߶Ҫ㣬Ҳ

¹Ӣڻǳڣ˲գ۵ģҲ֪쳧֪˻᲻Сˡ

ڳӿճȱ֪˶أɣ㻹ˣѵڼģǻأöԺˣˡ

¹ӢҪһ£

ʲôÿǵģ˶î˾뷨跨ŵ㵹ãⲻ鲻Ըģһͷһμ

¹ӢǺǣҪǲǮҲ⵱ڵĹˮƽõ괦Ǯ÷ġ

ӵۣˣίѾˣ豸ǵҲõҲõ 
˵󣬳ҲȥˣΪ˳Ӱ

¹ӢĿɿڴ⻹ǿ԰

»ͷץʱд뵳룬㶼Ҫôܲ뵳ǿڵ쵼µģ뵳Ժǰ;Ӱġ

¹ӢЩԸʹɱﵣҲǮˣۿһҪˣһǵλҪַûзַʸģ˴ֶ۳йףʱһס

һ¹Ӣˡ豸Ҳ»豸Ҳ֪öãһֱǮҪǳ׷Ҳ

¹ӢЦȻôңҾ͵˰
ЦСͷôɿڡ
㶨¹Ӣͷһ£ȥȵɡ
¹Ӣǡ
µĳͰĻشǡ
¹ӢҲǸѧġ

֪ԼҪˣﻹ˵ģڵǰñסˡֻҪûǾб

¹Ӣ˰칫һǸøʲôʲôҲȷʵûʲôҪӵģһֱʵԵĹӴ
ĸ³ûй¹Ӣ
¹ӢƽʱǸŵӻԼ³䣬˽ʼ̺ͺϸʵȡ
˲֪Ҫˣ϶֪ġ쿴񶼲һˡ
Ȼû˵ɶ͸ûɶ˵ˡŵˡ

Ҫ˵޳ĹϢͨûϢˣٶȣһ֣졣

֪¹Ӣˡ
Ҫ˵¹Ӣֱ˴칫ûһġ
Ͳ˵ˣִַѹҲûѹס¹Ӣһ棬Ҳһ¹ӢȥǱĴңܵĻᱻ¹Ӣˡ¹ӢˣҲɿˣܵű˶˵Ҳùˡ
־ΰԱˣǽˣ˵ˣҲû˽żˣ᲻٣ܾܺ͹ˡ
ͳܵģ꣬ҶǴѧͬʱĳŮͬ־һְλһƽƽģ¹Ӣ쵼Խеģ¹ӢͻȻˣ˭Ҳѽ
굱ɫͱˣЦĺǿҲǲﲻþΰˡ
ƽҪϼˣϼԭǳ乤ˣܽ칫ҾѾллˣԼͥΪأ޴־ûʲôҵģҲûʲôеᣬĽ˼ÿ칤ʸߡ

¹Ӣʰ˶͸˰ݰˡȥб豸

豸ô˵أǰϴˡ
ϴĴͷ£˶̲˵һһݡ
ǰ¹Ӣ豸͹ļź˵ļҴȥٴһ롣
豸ζζӳЬζĸζһʵܲˡ
ϴԭλϸңͷ̻ҶĵǣҲ̻ҡ¹Ӣȿ˴ͨ磬ȻŶʰһ顣

¹Σȸ豸ĸ˸Сᡣ
ȣ豸̨Ҫڵ豸ֻ̨򵥼¼豸ƺҼ¼Ҳȫе豸ûǼڲᡣ
¹Ӣ˺һԼõı
豸šơ쳧ڡʹòšʹ޵ݣЩõģЩǱϵģҪ¼
˺豸ˣЩ豸϶˽Щ¾ͽˡ
پ豸ճ죬ڱάͼЩһЩ涨ճһ飬¹Ӣ˸豸쿨ҪֵĹÿ찴涨첢ǩ֣½лȺǸ¹Ӣͬһĳû뵽¹ӢܳΪ쵼һ졣˵ģŴλأϴݣʱ䣬Ҳˣһпİû뵽ϴǰ˲˵·ɱҧ

˺豸ˣѧûǰǸδѡģϴҲǡڰ칫ʱʱͷ
˭֪ͻȻĴѧܸˣͳһսߡ˫ʱĦѧ治ǳصģǹֺϴ϶ѹ

ϴиŮڳ䵱ˣ˵˾ˣʲôνˣҪŮ룬ڳ˭ҲЩԵ
ĥŰѹŮŪ칫ˣµͨİԱءȻͨԱûеŮߣ氡ֻһֱûҵᡣ

˭ˣЩ²˽ģʵϴ֪޲ ޲̬Ҳǲƫһˮƽ
˭Ҳ˵ġΪŮ־ˡ
ϴ˭Ҳƫ£лȺϷ磬Žϴˣôô

ⲻ¹Ӣһһϲҳ
˺ۿûϣˣѾлȺˣϴݺӲùأºˣ¹ӢսˣǸ¹ӢȻ죬ṳ̂ʵ
Ȼ¹ӢЩ̨Ҫ¼ݱ˻ڱϸһʱõģɶû˵žͰ¹Ӣȸš

Ⱥ¹ӢԸ¾Ϳʼëˣ´֪ܲ豸ĺܰпո˵쿨۳ЩĿöʮүǵģʶֵĶ࣬˵Ǹˡ

¹Ӣͽ̣˵˵ܲܿö
Ⱥû˵ѵ˵Ц˵ҿ϶Ҫ˵¹Ӣһǣҽ㡣
ȺֹⶼͦæģǸʱ䣿
¹Ӣÿ춼ʲôдҪʵĻһġ
Ⱥײ˵ˡ
¹ӢͲˣԶ޳칫¥Щ˵Ĺûʱһ˵¥ĸǲͰĹ˵ʲôæûʱ䣬Ūء

󣬾ǰ칫ҵĻ⡣Ժ칫ڲ׼̣˭ҪǱﲻס˾ȥȥа칫Щ߰ĶõĶˣûõĶһ飬ͷƷ
Ժ˭ҪǸڰ칫ҳ̣ҷţ˭ͱˣֱȥʱɣ¸㰲ŵط豸ҲûͲתˡ
¹ӢɲǣһʼҪǲܰѹȥԺҪ⼸Ҫ涼ˣӳ£ӹ˵豸ԱԸġ

˰࣬¹Ӣ̵һЩ͹ͷȥҽԺ̽ϴȻϴʲôûС




28.  Ĺ        

¹Ӣ⼸½ʰ, ҪȰᵽסһʱ䡣
ͰѰǧ˻ˡίһǧҲˡȥ豸ǰҲٸˣʱ̫æˣ¸֮ġд鼦Ҳ½½ڱֽϷ, ʱʱҲмʮǮˡ
ʽ, 컹ů, СԺҪʼװˡ
˹ȥ˵ñװ޵Ǯƶ, Ǯˡϣ˰໹๤֤úװ¹ӢֻҪǮУġ
¹ӢҲǲУܺùİ, Լˣڸ豸, Ҫ豸˳, Ҫѳ豸Ϥһ飬, һ͸ù滮ôĽЩ豸, ȷʵûôʱ䣬ϵͦá
¹ӢԼ£һҪ, ԴγãϸͼֽװޣҪԼӡ
װҲҪˮ, ԼƵģɲϣ˰ǵԸĶƻˡ
װ޷ƫʽϾԺӾʽĵӣŴ϶رãֻ»˲ˢᣬ
ʵľذ壬ԺʯΪЩľ¹ӢִͷˮѧټһЩԼϲãǦʻװЧͼ

˰࣬˸ڣͼֽ˹
ԭΪװ޷Ӳô𣬴һˢһש̵أŪˮܰѴΰ͵ˡ
ЧͼҿԽԽиоԽԽϲ⻭ĿÿƵĸðװǰʱа˭סֵط
ԺӣźÿڣһϵΰԡңͲ˵ˣһˮˮ۵ģŶ෽㣬ˮˮ̫ܵܶеġˮƵҲðӵö෽ò̾һ䣬¹Ӣ̫ˡ
ŶУǮãⷿҪװ޺סߵö˭סķӰЩòǮһ˻װ𣬲һҲٰȥһںʶǮҲٰ
ڻЩȥֲ֪ȥ˸ɶɲȥһֲģһֱԥġڿͼֽ룬Ҫǰͼֽ͸ˣĿȥڴһˡǱ½ķô࣬ĲҪװްͳͼȫװ·˵׼ǰء

ͼֽͼôֱӸˣ
¹Ӣ㣬ôװޡ
ͼֽЩ·𿴵һǮĹ
ǸģǮⷽ棬үСﳤģǮ˵ܹԽǮûôͬСũ壬ˣǰǮǮǮһֿǮõĶеǿֱֱͦģˣǱ˲ȵˡɲ뽫һĵ˰ڲ£Ҳ뾭

ⷿżס𣿡
¹ӢȻиõľס˭Ըסᰡ
Ӣͬ־ȻôңҲһԭˣʵ˵ɣͼҲСҾˣҺͽ谮װôͼмֵô׸˿ⲻƾռ
¹Ӣ㲻ϰడ
˰డ˰Ǿ͹װޡ
¹ӢЩԸͦʱɣ
Ͻᵢ೤ʱģϵƣɻҪĶҶкõӸȥȥǲ˹ѣѸɻ
£¹ӢˣܸԿ
˵ģôͬ¼ھӵġ
¹ӢͰ˵ڼҴŵĹǺ룺ʲô˵ۿɲռˣɱǵϱܡ
ȣңš
˵߽¹Ӣͺ
ʲô㣬Ҿǿͼֽˣͼֽңͼֽ͵Ǯˡ
¹Ӣɿ˵ĿˣҪͼֽҲլҪװޣ
ҵûУԺԸװް϶Ǯͳͼֽװ޷Ѳ÷Դ֪ⷿһƽ׿һǧԺͶԸǷӺ͸йصŨȤװҲڡ

ͼֽרΪСԺƵģķӲһʺϡ⻻˷λլôװ޾Ͳһáװѧʶأͼʹһͨͨˣ¹ӢС⻹˷ˮɱŪ˱ˡȣǹᳫѧЩġҲϹ档
³׾ˣдžϲ㻹ˮ
¹Ӣѧһ㣬ԶƤëֻԽסլˮ˽⡣
ҲԶӰЩĻ˶ϲ˵ʲôǫͼֽ濴˷ˮĹ⻷ͼֽ⣬Ƶġ
¹ӢƵģѧЩѧﻹҪǴѧα˵ʲôҲҪȥ

̣ȷʵ̣ϱӵĴѧϵĴѧ̣Լ飬ѧġ
أ𣿡

¹Ӣ
ȣѧУͼݽģͻˣһ㲻衣

⴫洫ģӦܰɣϣĿ¹Ӣǧ񰮹ҽƵģ洫⴫ʲôġ
ôѧҲûʲô⴫ģЩҲʦǴҵġ
룡شն
¹Ӣͦȣ㻹ѧĻ治࣬Ǳ
룡
¹Ӣѧɶƭ˵ģ
ֲûţ֪ϷǱ߿ˡⶫУûãҲͼ̹ҪװޣѧЩˮˮһֱˮرأʦҲ·͸ʱת˰ԽԽװ·УҪٳɱҲСŶӣҵǮٰװ޺ˮѧˣȥڣⲻǴѵĳƱ׬𡣵׬˴ǮҲ¥ȥ
˵ܲ⴫ԸԸҰɣ
¹Ӣܵܡ
۾ˣ¹Ӣ˵
ҲǶƤëָҶྫͨҲǸޡ

۾·𿴼Ʊڳ֣ƤëƤëҾѧƤë
ȣðʦЩģⲻʦܳĽ
Ҫ˵ʱôСء
ҧиʦ񡣵үѧ鷨ǳĳͷʦģһ죬ٰһҲǲСүûһ︺ģүǶأ͵ŵġԱС¹Ӣ︺

¹ӢЦʣô㻹Ҫʦ
Щ̣ҲǲУҪаʦ񲻣
¹ӢЦȣҲǲСΪҲ͹иɶġ

ȥһŲҪ¹Ӣаʦ

Բۣ¹ӢϽסҪµԲۣ⻹Ǹ߸϶ŷҲ̫ˡ
ԲۣҸأҪѧҽˡôһ㣬ҪǲĽöԲˡ

ò˵׵׶ӣ׵Ļ˶ǶԱ˺ݣԼҲݵĺˡֻ׷һˣһ׷Ȩһ׷Ǯ

Ȼûݳɣ¹ӢǽӹѲˮˣҸܵ˰Ժǧ٣˵ˣ˿ˣ֪ĻΪأŵġ¹ӢЦŽΣԵͷ麹ͷ̰װ޺ˣÿһСʱΡ
ãܹԼ֪ʶ̸ܽ˵˶ֵ𾴡һ¹Ӣͬ־صˡ
ɤӣСҪһСʱǲе̣ҪСʱ
¹ӢССʱСʱ
ôߣҪҲ˳̽Ӣ
¹ӢѧӢû㻹ͦѧôûѧ
һ̫ˣСûúѧҪҲûϺʦǣҪǽңҿ϶ѧᡣ
¹ӢЦӦˣаװˣ۾ͿʼϿΡһˮһӢϡ
һʱɾ޲̶ʼװޡת˰ͨĸɣϰʱ˯һܻ

¹ӢԼеʦǱˣÿջؼҸ¹β˵ҪˣԸܿʦΪʦ

ֵܿһŵᣬ¹Ӣǵһβμӡ
ϴĹ̵رƽ˸±μӻ顣
¹Ӣ絽ʮӣ߽ңѡ˸ߵλܿκ쵼Ǿ½½ˡάһ¹ӢֱӾԱ߸άͷд壬ƽʱѼ

Ӣǿŵ㵽ģٳǰýһ绰ãþͿʼˡ

ֶһλŮͬ־ҵ˹¹ӢȻǿ𣬿Ϳ£ûʲô˵ġ

ӢǵãһβμʱҲʱһд쵼ֻһŮһᣬ˵Ŀⶼȥ˶עԺֽţ㱨ʱԼ˵Ҫ򶨣˵β΢΢Ĳ

ҪܽһܵЩҪ⣬źͳҲҪܵܽᣬʲôҲ

豸ϴ߶˺ܾã¹ӢҲǰ˻㱨ܽᡣֵʱǰ漸˵ģӣûгҲûг˼̻㱨
°ͷԣûˡѹֳͦȷʵЩ

ֵӢ۵Ĺ㱨˵֮ǰֽӵӡȾǱߵĵ绰Ƕܰǵ豸޺úܺ棬ѾҴ绰ˣǵ˼ǳȻˣзֻϣǳιһ£˳㿴豸ת
ǻ˵ˣԺҪʲô豸Դۡһ˵ĿͻӴӶ޳ĶӡȾ豸̾ͻܹĵģ֪˫ϵӢûӴ󶩵£ֻҪô֪Ժ豸ܴ۾͹ˡ

ȻҪ£ҲûҲǲС
ԣҪŵԵСˡ
ϵĴˣе˸ŸͣеıֳĬ

£ҪйҲסҪιǹǾ֮С

ӢȻ˺Ӵ£֪ģԭ豸Ĵˣ岻ãҲŵŸ豸Ǳ߹ͨ£ڼȻ豸´Ȼýӹȥܲ۵Ķ£ȥ豸Ļɡ˼Ҹ˵ҹܵĿˡ

˵һµģˡˡˡ׻˵Ůһ̨ϷŮҪһϸˡ
˾һ񣬾۾ڷչ
˶¹ӢҪθģӢæҶţ¹ӢԺӢҪһͷˣϾˡԺû׼ҪǱ豸ġ
άЩ߷߲ƽҪ¹Ӣ˵¹Ӣסˡ
Ҳİ¹ӢʾԱߵڰ˵䡣ս˳ֹ䡣
¾ȵɫû¹ӢͿˡ

õģ绰ң߰Ұ칫ҵ绰ԺֱӸϵͺá
ҰĿ¡㿴ҿ㣬ΪԼˡ
άСѵ⣬ⲻὲй
¹ӢŶ
Цε豸ǻ˵Ӣˣ
¹ӢԶһ㡣
̲סҪЦͱյĽģʡЦ¹ӢԶʶˡӢ޵ܽԶ

ӢЦЦ´Ǵѧˣ϶ѧӢɣ´ܸ⽻ֻʶӢﵥʿ¡
ӢֱӢﳰɱʱ˼˵ʲôԼͰͱļӢﵥʳ͸˽˻ЦġҶӢ͵Լ˵ˣͼԼˬ졣

û뵽¹ӢֱӢشˣӢˮƽԣҲ׼Ӧû⡣ȻӢˮƽҲܺãֻǷ΢ЩǷȱһ֪ʽӢһЩԭŴҲԸһķ
¹ӢôһͨӢҲûⲻǾ¹Ӣ˵ӢҪ۾͸һ˵Ƶġ
ά¹Ӣģĸ¹Ӣơ
ƽʱҲЩ˿ӢŻӢҫģ˴ͷƣҲŹ




29.           豸¹Ӣ

豸, ¹Ӣȥ۸ӢҪǱߵĵ绰
ʱеˣ¹ӢһٸǱߴ绰

¹ӢϵıѸײڶ֮Ѹٴȫ֮֮۵²
, Եٶһ㶼Ϣʱ˭˭˭һ˸ƨ, ҶܿٵĿڿഫ˾֪, ϢڼһЦһһӼʮ˾֪ˡ

Ĵһذ칫ҾͰϷ˵, һʼ˵ϵ£˵Ӣ¹ӢһΣԽԽˡȻӢ˵ʲôӰɷӰǽǻɫ
豸֪Ǵϵµ, ϲʱ֪ġ

Ե¹ӢȥʳóԷʱԸокĶ, ЦŸͷ΢Цĸࡣ¹Ӣһ·ЦЩӲյϴ춼û

Ӣϲ̧°Ϳ, ܸȼѹȥˣܶг˿

¹Ӣ߽߱˵עĿָ㡣, ǳӸŮͬ־, ߴߴģеĻѹ¹Ӣ˵ʲô
еε˵
ȣ, ӢǸ·ˡ

Ŵ󱦸¹ӢԸ¡
˵ôôأ˵ӢӢһܣӮˣز¶Ӣզ˵, Ȿ¾͸ӢԺ󻹱ǿ׳졣Ŵ󱦿Χ˿Ŀ⣬ͦصģԺĺܣҿ
Ŵ󱦸Ӣͬһĳӣ˼ҶˣǸС೤Ŵ󱦱Ҳûʲôʹ£Ӣÿο̧°ͿбӼӱӵģŴﲻˣ˲𰡣
¹Ӣһ£ʲôϹ˵ʲôиһܣҸĹ֪ǶϹʲôˡ
Ŵ󱦺ٺ֣Ҷô˵˵ӮˣӢıӶˡ
¹ӢǻȷʵӢĲᡣ

Ҹ˵ԣŴصģק¹ӢĶҪ˵Ļ
¹Ӣһһ綼Լİԣ˵İǣ¹ӢսŴ󱦡
Ŵ󱦣Σ֪ɣǰ׷Ӣ

¹Ӣȣ

ʱأһġӢǸ˾˾ûɡӢ͸һλ쵼ĶӽˡԴˣû˵һ仰

¹ӢƵĿ˼˵û˵㶼֪
Ҷô˵ô˫۾أ˵֪ܲ
¹ӢĴָ
㿴ƽʱôקקģ˵Ӣⷽ滹ͦĹǶ˵ûɶĻϲĻˡ㿴ô궼ûң϶ϲӢء
¹Ӣȷʵͦȵģû뵽ȥأһܾĳﻹеС˷ܣ߰ˣҲܵѵ
¹Ӣ˵Щ𣬲Ǻİɣ
Ŵ֧֧ᣬҲûۿ˵ģҶô˵
¹ӢҲǵ;˵Ѳ׼¿ɱϹ˵
ŴԴӱ¹Ӣ󣬾е¹Ӣһ˵ŵģ¶û˯þҲ͸˵˵㿴һĸ˵ء˵ˣ˽¶ô˵ԺҲ˵ˡҪǱ֪ˣûùӳԣء

ŴС߶˵ӢʲôõģǲǶϹ
¹Ӣ۲ϹĲŻῴӢɣ˼Ưб£Ϊʲô˼ҰѵŴ󱦲㲻Ϲ¹Ӣ뷴ȥΪ˽꣬ΪСͰѵĻ˻ȥ

˴극ֱҵλ£Ŵ󱦵ûͣ
ӢÿμҶŴֱͦӣ΢̧°֪ͣ𡣡Ҿ͸Ƶģǻ˵Ӣ𣬲ǵ˴𣬲ǳݳúڿƵģŴ󱦷߷߲ƽĿߡ

ôû㶷־ĳʤأҲѧܣҲѧӢʣҿͦõģ϶Ưٱ㹤ŬŬȡӰ೤γ¹Ӣ

Ŵֱˣˡ̫ˣ˵Ӣ˵Ӣˣֶ˵ѡʵⲻ
˵ʣأһٲҲܲˣһٲԾĻţϣҪǲԱ˯š
ְǺǣеİء

¹Ӣ㿴һҲԹ˼ҿ㡣

¹Ӣ˵Ӣϲ̧°Ϳ⣬û˵治õ£֤ǿԼıµĴҪȻһƯŮ͵˴ܻ롣Ҫǲó汾һ룿˽һԺٺܶࡣ
뵽¹ӢסˣĵǣѵӢûУ;ӢǸˣҲͰɣô̬ȶˣǿİɡ
˵߰ˣܱűǿɣ˭˱˵ˣ˭˱󲻱˵˾ˣҲģô죬ѵһѰžһˣˣҼ/𣬼ֱ̫ȫ¶ð
Ӣôһ㣬ȫתע˰ǲǰ˵𣬺ãṩ˵˰ɣʡϹеûġôһ룬¹ӢԼˡԽԽŴ󱦺ͳӵǱӢŪ˰
һжĥģǲôҲܿ϶

¹Ӣع񣬼Ŵ󱦲˵һ¿ˮ̣Ҿ˵ӣ¹Ӣ嵶ǽ˼ҿԼڶ޳һϯ֮أΪ޳һŮҲȷʵʸ񿴲㰡
ŴֻĿۣķˣ㻹ǲҽˣ
Ҫô˵˵ҪӢɪ
Ŵ󱦻һ£Լ˴Ưˣ˵һӢӣҪӣ˵ЩˣǳҲ̧°ͳ¿ú߰Щģ˵ģÿ춼ҪǸǰɪһأǣ
Ŵһ߻һ߳һ跹
Ժ߰ĻҸǰ˵˵ˣɱ˳ϹȰȡǸ߸ϵʱ˵ҪǼѹԺŵˣȥŰ͵ˡ¹ӢбŴ󱦣Ҫ˼ҶŰ㼸أܼ㶷־ǺˣһȥܼŰء
Ŵ󱦳ײˣ˵̼˳ɾʮ㣬˶ΪѪˣԼɸͣ˵ʹɻһ۹Ǻ

ڶһ磬¹ӢͰѵ绰˹תӣڸǱߴͨˡ
Ҳ˼˵Ǵ·йʱ˳йȸ١ȶϻƱϵ
¹Ӣ˵绰ڼ±ϼ¡

⼸¹Ӣ˽⣬ټ£Ⱥлٱ˳Ӳ٣û̵ִĸ¹ӢŸɡ

û¾͵ȥˣڴҵǷַ¡
ɮٵģﶼЩЩϣϷġ
ÿ˶һ׷ӣȻ󰵰ԼʸȻ˵ʸŸŵУϣֵģǽȴͱˣû˼ϰ˶
Ϣʱ򣬴һ۵һ飬סʼۡϣ۵ңǳûϣҲۣǾΧ˭˭˭ϣȻЩܷϷӣʱͬ˶ܳһ޲עˡ




30.           գ¹Ӣ

, ¹Ӣһ·ȻԼСԺתһȦ˿װ޽ȣܵʶһ顣ȻųӴŸ󲼰ȥ¼ҡ

¹Ӣ, ѵ¸, ¹Զ¹嶼ڼҡ
ѽ, 춼ûϰడǸã, Ӱɡ
¹Ӣʱ䴺⣬ڳöŵ㣬ֵܱĶˣʡı˵
ˣȻԼ, ôôⲻһ·Ϳ, ųӿɶˡ
·ȥĽһۻ¼ҡҪ, һȥٽܷһͲˡɴĽ
ײ˻аɡͰײ˵ˮȡ
¹Ӣ¶ּΧԡҶüͷĲ˵

ž¹Ӣ, ۾һ, ¹Ӣ顣ԼԱߣһˮӢ·ÿҲãҲ֪, ڲ˵ʱ

¹ƲƲ죬㣬ɱ𱻱˵ļԻˡ
¹, ȰȰ˵ˡ
ԭҲҪַˡ¹Զʸ̫¹͸˵ˣսӣôҲֲ
٣Ҳң𳧵ķַҲأÿܿŴ˵һ㲱ӣֵĴĻŻŵġ
¹Զһ㣬ܷˣ水ͷֲˡģģֵܾܷû񣬿Ϳˡ
¹Զ˼¸ĸǮȥ쵼
𳧷ַͲ淶ɲԴģֵܷĿԺܴⶼѾɹˡ

¹ӢַܷǺ°ҪֵܷӣҲǲ͡
žһϲ˵Ǵѧ
¹һֱվ֪¹ԶҪͶһǧ鰡
һƣʲô¹Զ硣
¹һͲǮˣƾɶǮϣŮֲֻһ
¹ҲЩǵǰǮЩǮôҲܵҪ滹ûĵܵأôܰǮ¹Զȥ

ž꣺һǧôˣһǧӵ¾Ͱ϶ˣ۳˭񰡣Ҫ͵ˣҲðǲ
ž¹ӢӢӣˣһǧ׼´ηַ֪ʲôʱأ籾ʸͲ࣬һǧ϶û⡣
¹ӢҪһǧܷϷҲ㻵¡
ռž꿪һǧտһǧģֱܼſھһǧ㵱һأ˵һǧˣһ𣿡
ĿۣѵĹӶû¼ǮҲ⼸꣬¹ȥˣ¹Ӣѧȥˣ¹ԶҲˣ˵ǮɼһҲ˰˰ٿ顣˵ûһǧˣҲܳǮӢССûأһǮûôٰ£С˵ϱѰö౸ŵǮ
žſھ͸ҳҪһǧҪѪֲס£ⲻҲ˭ҲŰмסĿģ

ž꣺ⲻŸҪһǧһõſڣ¹Զһʮˣĸʮ飬ֻʣʮˣӣûǮžƽʱ·͵ģһҲ治˼顣
¹󣬡ǿû׼ǮҲ᲻ԼôǮ˰ҶǮá
¹ƶּ

žɶ£㲻˵û˵ưͣô꣬Сļ޲ȥ

¹Ӣٺٺ٣ô˵ģô˵ԼСӵ𡣡

ž껻ЦӢӣ˵һӼһҪܷ׷ǲǶԴҶãҪϷˣһߣһҿ԰ˣСǲǾͿ԰ᵽˣǲǿ٣
¹Ҳϡ˯ͼȥŲҪΪһô¹ԶѼǮߣˣ˻мױֳ𣡼ҪûǮˣû׼Ĳ¡
ֺһʱˣ͵͵ģû֪˵ˣһͽ顣
ָ˵ˣڼе䣬ǻ鷿һг
˭֪ðԭ𳧴ʳõĹ¼Ӵӣ׳֣ʳõӡ׳ϴξͷֵ˷ѾȥˡھֻӺ֡˻ãЦеģ˵Զϱɺˡ
¹ּҵź⣬ֱˣ˵Ҳգֻǿ⣬֣ûĻÿеĶ̫Զˣ

ž¹Զ¹Զ˵ҪֻԼڣӢӻǰ£Ӣӻˣڽϡ
ž꣺裬Ҫ᲻Ǯʵһ취ְ飬ⷿӹ㣬ȻǶҰ֣ⲻҰ־зַʸ𡣡ǰôɡ
¹ӢֱӰˮˣԭôˣ
Ҹ֤ûУô顣˼Ұ鶼Ž֤ȥ֤ҸզȥĸǸ֤ȥ
¹Զͷ˵զ죿
ʲôզ죬衣ܷ־ͷ֣ôţ´ηַ´ֵˡܰ׷ֵģǻǮȥɵȱֲɵ󻧡
¹Զֹ´λʲôʱءһֺüꡣ
ۼĸ˵ʲôҲϳǮˣҲûϷˣžǽìͷָ¹ӢӢӣǲǽһǧǮ
Űǰ¶Ǳˣ֪Ķ֪ˡ
¹Ӣʵ֧¹Զȡַġ
˵Ҫ¹ˣ˵Ǯ񡣰ϧһ
˵Щ˰ɾ˵¹ԶĳӣСţˣ¹õõ궿ӵ˴Ĺ˳ˡ
Ⲩַ˵ҲˣҪôֵķַ¹ӢҲ֪¡
˰¹Ӣ֪ˣǮַܷȷʵǺ¡ǲʱʾ֭Ĵſ߹ϵսء
ûϵߣ¹ԶҪһǧܷϷҲôӵ·
Щʵзˣûֵ뷿ĵĻᶼûУʱҪûסȥƷܲϲǮأʱӲú
Ĳ˵¹Ӣӻӣ֪񣬾Ǯǳñ˰ų̾
¹ԶûҲֻ֪ڼˣᣬ쵼ҵĴŶҵǣҸ쵼񣿾¹˵ģһ˰޲ðԴڹָ꣬ûܡ
žӻҲడ¹Զһġ

ž¹Ӣסĸ첲ҪҸ磬Ǯ˾ͻ㡣
¹㣬ɱ˵ĺһȥ϶Ӵ򹷣ȥ޻أ

žĵۣдǷ
ܹôˣζԼķӣҪǲøСӴСӵļһζЦѡ

Ǵ೤ʱ仹尡¹ӢǮȥҲûָǻǻϹƵõȸʮġʱһǧɲڵһǧ˰
¹Ӣܻ𣿡

ž¶Σôܡ
¹Զڼҿɲͷڹֱ꣬׳ģͲǳĽ裬٣ԲȰôܻϡ
ž¹ԶɵӣϾͻ£Ӣӻܰô죬ȰǮ˵
ž¹ӢЦ飺ӢӣֻҪǣǿ϶ɶʱ˵

¹ӢǾǷдˣҪڲĻԺǾͲٴˡ
ž꣺
¹Զʲô˼
¹ӢҪǷ˷ӿ϶Ҫȥһס˲൱ڷּˡǵһ׷ӣֲǮĻܻܲ׷ӵɡ¹Ӣ˼ףǮԳôһȷʵ̫ˡ¹Զһ˷ӰȥҲܳ㡣Ǯ¹Զ˷ӣԺٲˡ˿ɲռˣôֵܽƾʲôֻúô˶ȥ

¹Զž궼˵ˡ

¹Ӣ裬ô

ճ˼û˵

¸û뵽£ҪӢǮˣⲻĺ
ɤӣԼôȣԶ˷ӣ׷ȻС£ӵסⶼˣԺҲС˵ϱˡ
˻¹Ӣ¹Զžꡣ
¹Զžꡣ
¹¹¹Զɣ뷭ۡ
žҧУǷ˷ӣⷿӾ͸ûϵˣһǧǿ϶ͲˡһǧͳȥֵܷҲʮƽģ󣬲
¹ӢУǴҾ־ݡ

¸¹Ӣдװʵֽϣ¸ĸ¹Զž꣬־ϰӡ¹Ҳӡ
־һʽݣĸһݣžһݡ
һ¹Ӣݸ¹źˣˡ
¹ӣҴš¹ССҲԼۣ̫ȫˣڶǶ
¹Ӣ־ݣУҰšʮ˾͸㡣
ŶžǵţȥȡǮȥ
¹ӢӢӣȡپУа˰١
˵ջݴź־ݣӹѰ˰ٿ˳
û뵽ּ£ҲûôԶӢ˵˺¸뵽Ҳ뵽ˡǮ˾ͳˡԺС鲻ͲˣСҲܴݰˣۿܼ˵ĴˣܲûĸֵܼһݡǮûӢӳ

ۼĸͶô鶨ˣ¹Ҳˣ΢ᣬ˵ʲôҲáĸǮˣСϸߣļױǷˡ

¸һĸǮˣǸɶӢǮһҼҵģôǮʲôǾ͵ˡ޸ױҲаԵö档
գ㣬˼ǹŮǮ˵¹Զôͱ⸱ˣŶǸѧģˣ
¹ӢЦ

¸¹Զεͷ

¹ӢסЦѽֻŸҺС׼ױذֻǽõġ裬Ǯհ˵ģԺǵøҺСױСóһױ
¹üЦˡ

¹Ӣٶ˵ȥȡһǧ顣

žǮֵĺϲ£죬·𿴼֡Ǯ˭ģ־УžϽݰǮ
¹ԶȢôϱҲǸ

䶨˵һǧǮҲͷ²ǣɲ٣ʱõȹС˵ʱֱͦ١
ӲҪѰ˰ٿ¹Ӣ¹ӢӣԼšһǮ
ǮĵջҪǮ¹Ӣ¹Ӣһǧȥ۵Ļţİ
¹ӢֲǸǵģǸģһǧТġ
ƽʱôҪǿһ˰ͷһᵽжζԼǱŮˣ̲סǸˣŮˡһסһ飬Ӻ˵ܼ޳ȥӢӸǲɼСԺ鶼ѣѵ޽סһݣ˭ҹԸⰡ¾ͳĲˣ˯ȡ˯þˡ
¸Ŀ̶㿴㣬Ǻ£ɶ

¹Ӣĸëᣬ裬кϢûأˡ
ն˿ˡ
¸ǺţԸͣ
ĸû˶û¸¹Ӣ
žһˣ찡ǲǹˣذɡ
¹ӢҲͳʮǮʱͱȴͲ˶١
¹Χ¹ӢµĿ㣬͵ˣҲ񰡣Ǵʮͷӣ
¹Ӣܸһ㵱˭Ǵѧء
ĸëʣģ
¹Ӣͷ⻹м٣һܶˡ

⺢ӣôҲ˵߼е԰ˣǰǻˣ
Ĩᣬ޸ƨûûӦЦЦݰǮϴϴ߸кžŮǰӡ
ƽҲЪȥһŵھС

¹ӢڶԴֺõĹ
¹ЦԴΪҰ¹ԶͷͶ̬ȱ䲻١
¹ӢǿѪֵиһ˰ɣǰôԴ򣬹ҲǾô䲻㣬
¹ͷȷʵǣǰɰ㿴ƽ

¹㣬ֵ¹żˡ
ĸ
㶼զܰ¹ϴֱʣĲС
¹Ӣٻصô£˭Ҳ쵼ĻǲŰʰ𡣡
˹֡

Ӣӿ˵ԽԽ쵼ء㿴·ÿİžߺ·ÿ

¹Ƥߦķ𣬰㲻ӰƲ죬զģҶ·һ͹˵ˣҲÿ
ž̥һֱûָټЩƽʱڼҼ٣ŲŵģһֱЩ֡զʹŲÿˣ˿·û
ҡʲô㶼

ˣ˼·ʱڵĻƹһ·ڴһ
ǱߵʱůͣǴװڴáƽʱϰ඼ô·Ҳǽ£ʹ˼
¹ӢõĽӣȥϴִԼĴ·˳
¹۾һֱתأߦȾͳȥ찡·ÿ
¹Ӣȥ
¹͵ͷҪʹĸɾҲ˲ȥϴˣѼ·ķɿ죬ѡľܻ·ȥˡ

žҲæ׹ӢӣҵĲ
Уȣ㴩ĲҲǱ͵ģҵ͵ġ
žϽ˵û£û£ܴˡ
¹Ӣк¹壺㣬
ƽϴ¹壬ȥ·
շҲ˹
¾ʣƽˣŶиæ¹Ҳƽߦĺܡ

¹žһ˷·ͦÿģҲûɶġžۣĸҲ᲻÷£¹ɲŻԼˡ

裬·ûʵģҸ˿鲼ǳڵأʣЩҾһ飬㿴Сɫÿ
ÿؾʺ·ǳڵأҪȥǰֵˡͷøϽ·鲼Сܸ·ء

¹·ת˸Ȧ˿·أ̡ԽԽ䲻Լˣôѽ¹Щԥˡ




31.  Ͽ ¶һ          ޡ

޳˷ַߡ
޳ǳ͹Ṳͬεķַˡ
ΪҪ֮һ, ʱܻӭһЩŷַ˾һӵϣΧĽģקġ
Щϲ˯װ, ԹӾЩ, ЩһΧһ, ʱоЩϢͷֱ
ҺЩװûסȻҲû徻, öȥûϯҾûͣϯסڼԺĸ¥ĸŴҶЩ칤ϯҵŶǳģΪţ˾ûϹ, һСʱţ㲻Ҳߡ
ϯն, ж, һʼ˭ˣˮ̫, ˾Ͳ, һǰޣżôţ˭ܵ˰ЩЩĻĻĺš, ͲܺСС
ֱӲˣÿĻҹ˯, ɲˡ
ô˵ϯңЩ˸϶ϲߣеĻϽˣӲϣǸƢº͵ģɲ˶ôˡǰ챻Χţ˰ؼһͨţųźˮŰҹоһַòϺüꡣ

ɲǸƢģǸ˵ģۿϹʱˣһȥɻذһɢұ졣裬һһǰ
Ⱥһ侲ûˡ

³̶ˣҲʾܷܲϷû
޳Ǵ󳧣ﶼעأӴ˶ӣô˫۾ļල£˵ƽĶ࣬˭ֵܷ͸ġ
ľңʸ񲻹ģҲûáûôȨܾ˭ܷϷ

ȨûУСȨеģⲻ˰࣬ҲûŻԺǱߣԼ¹Ӣȥ
Ǹһ׷ߣҴ㿴ȥ
¹Ӣͦϲˣ㣿ģ
ⲻǴȥѡ𣿡
⻹ѡ
ǲܣⲻ𡣡ôеСȨء
а˼ߣȥ

ķӾģºףֱӰĹģʮƽġ
½¥ڵļ¥࣬ǰкһĲݷǰǶ¥ǰǿյأ⡣
ϲĶһӣ¥Ƶġ
¹Ӣѡ鷳ɡ
ʲô鷳ֵܷʮƽıͲ࣬ҲûģӰ첻˱ʲô˶ץΣץģץҪģֻ˵á
¹ӢѡǰǶѶߵһ㡣
ôѡһ㰡һһû˰Ҫס¥סһģⲻñסһ㻹ȥסƽء
¹ӢҾϲӵģŻ㡣ⷿ볧ӽҲ͵סˡ

һĶȦ˸С԰һ¥Ʋԣ¥ϵסҲ¥ǰյȦֲˣÿȦһ飬˭Ҳռ˭ҲܳԿóӰѿյˣÿֵĶһ󡣴ֵģʱû˹ܣҶ

¹ӢȷʵϲһûȰ

ȶ޳ӷ꣬Ѿ·ˣ˵Ҫģ¹ӢСԺװ꣬Ҳûӵĵ绰¹Ӣп˾΢ͳһ߳һ΢ߴ磬ȡ
գ¹Ӣʳ˲˵ĳȥЩľϡ
¼һȻһ£ɨ˵ҪСԺ״ɨһ顣
ϸŻҲͣӢӰΪСԺҺȥ˰㿴۾𣬿Ȧɳ˴ˡ

¹Ӣ֪ʲô㡣

ģһę́ȯҪһƿ㣿˸ȾƵĶ

ģŪģô£ę́ȯɲŪ

輷üŪۣʾ¹Ӣ˵ȥɱأһֱҲ᲻óƿˣֻŵȥǮҪ˵Ǯʱ򣬸Ҳüʱְô˵Ҳã¹Ӣ˵ȥû׼Ͼͺę́ˡ

¹ӢĨȥǰæę́ȯǮˡͣˡ
˵裬ʲô֪̰ͼܵ͵㶫Ļţȥȥ

ȥڰę́ȯȡ˹¹ӢɣҪǮ
¹ӢٺЦ治Ҫ
ͷҪТʦġ

ֹƣܺȵę́ˣøϽϽչ涼ˡɾˡ
Źƣ

¹ӢȯУТˣͿʼϿΰҪԱīȣʦǺġ
͵һˣҪ˯쾫Ҫġ

ƤȽϺ˵ϿεˣӢӰβҾͱţ˵Ӱǡ
˵꣬˲õԤУϾһϹүӵ鷨Σ̫˽ε״̬ˡ
аɣһҲǽ̣Ҳһ¹Ӣν
ҪԼ˦ˣϽҲҪΡ
УҲ¹ӢȥﳵӣæţȥȥŪǾͿȰ

¹ӢˣϽɻ
ϡǡ

ϣę́㣬ϧǸǳģһ¶Ǿˡ
⻹µҪȾƣ
үӶܺȡ
͸˵ˣپ¶ǣûɫ
ڼңֳһ꣬үһڡ
¹ӢһƷę́Ʒһƿѵá

ڶ¹Ӣ˰ͿʼϿˣүӶ֡
үһԼɽˮѾѺˡү˵һǹ¼ңǲ˼ôϿΡ
¹Ӣ˻濴˿үӣ⻭Ŀáֻ֪鷨ˣû뵽Ҳôá
үӹЦֵһᣬźá
¹Ӣ͵ãȱ

ӹʹǽģӢѧģ
ֻӢȤӢ裬ᳪӢĸ衣ѧӢر档ȥɴͲˣֻӢ˲
үǶԽˮȤĽζӢǲģ̫Ϊ˼ˡүĸˣͷ¹Ӣīˣͻһдһ֣ȻʹȥӢӽȥ ڣõóֵҲЩˡ

үӵֺͻû˵һǴֱʡ¹ӢÿζרڼĸطȴţǽϵĹˣͻһ

⼸˶ѧãֻ裬ѧʲôɣһϿξͿʼԴŵžſ˯ˣȻͿʼŰ
¹Ӣͷߣ֪˵ģǿʲô˼ˣүӶôĵˣģҲˡ

үӣ֪Ѿ׼ˡ뵱Ҳգ˵ᡣСӻԹ̵ĲòὲΣҪôܰ˯ˣϴˢԩˡ̵ĲãҲ̫ﰡ㿴ԭ򰡣үӿȻˡ

Ҳͷߣ֪ԤгˣѣֱӰˡ

ҲΰСʱһϿξ˯үӽҽ鷨ҲΪŮܲһأһǰ˯˰
ʦĶва
ѵ治ѧϰϣѵܵүѧϰĿࣿ
ˣôˣأ͸ˣѧôĸֻҪľͶˡǷȥ˯ȥ

µ׵ʱͻڴ绰ˣʰͣҲϻƱˡ󵽴ﾩǻ
ö˾ڣӴҲճ
ó֪ͨȫɨҪ֤ɾ˭ҪǰӶ˾Ϳ۹ʡ˸һӭĺɫʱڳӴſڡ

ȻеǻҪеġȥӻȻˣ¹ӢøţȻҲûǡ

ӵһüһһӰûӡ
豸˾ǱʦûǶϼҴġźӶˡСһ
¹ӢȷʵҪȸ٣ûƭˡǵȺǷ˲İɡһϸиġ

¹ӢҲû뵽ټ

Ŷҵ죬仯Ҳ̫ˣҶûϳְ裬˵йΡ
һʦŮйȥ󣬸˴˺óԵʳۡ˰йĺóԵСԶһ飬Ư۸޲ڡⲻѼ˶˵Ķˣһһļϣͳһ֮پȫҳйȼˡһʦ֪ˣҲϼҴڵˣҲҪȼ١
˴λʦھߵĹˣȥ˵ĺ档

¹Ӣ򵥽İְ͵á
ְǸ豸ĹʦװģԶȥйۺܸȤܵöѧ
¹Ӣ̫̾ˡҲкܶĵط湻ˣȥҲ١
ڴӦõģܻ㵱𣿡
¹ӢȻ߹æˣ졣

۾ŶʱѧϰõģһЩˣŶãȻһӹϵˡϲֻҪŬѧϰȥԺ϶Ҳܸ⽻ʱѧϰʮ㡣

֮ǰȻҪȰѹ㶨ڶ죬ʦ¹Ӣͬµ˶޳
˲豸è壬Ϊܲ𣬵ʹ򿪺Ǽˡ
ȻСµģ˶һۣйˮƽѾߵֵزˣܰ
ֱӿ¹ӢСԼ
¹Ӣ룬ˣ޳Ŀİ
¹Ӣ֪ҪǲǸףͷ֪Ҫô̽أװװڳ
¶һ֡
¹ӢǴ豸߼䣬һ
豸߰˸ˣǳӵĳǯȡ
ǰ¹Ӣ˳˸С顣СڳϺãúʵĵߣֻСתͣܿ죬һӡȾҪСͳ¹ӢСЩϰûа׷ѣһǳɡ

Χ۵Ĳֹʦ豸Щˡ

еı߿̲ס̾
´¹๦
ԣһ
ܵ˰
ֻҪĥ밡

Ŷ찡ǹ𣿡⹤ʦû˹֣ȵĵɴ۾
ǾˣùСۿԼĶԱȣ찡ôϸСȻֹֺֱˡ
ѹֶ˵йػˣȻ˰ǳˡ
װ£ֱ̫ˡǵĹһ˫й֡һһĿ¹Ӣ
Ȼҵˮƽв࣬˻ǺǹҵһЩѧܶҲ
Ŷװ£ҿԸոҪһ֡
¹ӢЦŸ֡
Χ˷׷׹ƣҿѪڣ´ǳ˰һİĵ졣

ô¹Ӣҫ۵ǣ˶ɢŹâƬռ䣬Ҳ
ԴүȥûôùǻǵģģЩһԼƽ

¹Ӣһֳʹ룬Դ˵춨豸еĵλ˳⡣
˺¹ӢʱʱӵһЩ⳧Լȥԣά޻߸ĽһЩ豸¹ӢʱȥһˣȻȣҪѵġ

¹һʱܾᣬЩֵ֡ķһһӾȲİˡ
סڿȻǿբģҲ㵥ˣһ˺ԺùˣﶼˡҲ徻٣ûСֶŮĿ֣Լһˣ˯ĳá

¹Զֵķ¥žǰ¼ţÿϰѺһţ˾ûӰˣ¹Զ¹ˣһԶٷƨɾˡ
ž꾹Ȼôһ·ϴ˵ʲôæŴûϴ˵Ҫֻкӵ·ҲˣȻ¹Զ·¹һֱ֮Ӱ·˳ȥ
ּˣּˣ֪𣬹ߵë浱Һϸź㰡ԼɶԼ·ϴˣ
ž·һأھӻˣ˴Ժû͹·
ž굽˸ÿ½ʮǮʳأƾʲô
¹ĸʮǮ˻ȥž˼ûʮǮ˲һԲ軹ܰ˸ϳȥܰ

ӵûôѰˣڼٴҲǲУҲûôżˡ
ǲˣмİָ¹һԺﳤСϲ¹ò˺ˣδҹζ࣬ɲ¹Ȣؼҡ
ǰһ±ͷ⡣һ磬װһͷ⣬ĸ¹͹ 

¹Щˣôˣ˿ˡ
Ϳ£զ˰ЦҸʲôˡ

¹򿪿˿ŪЩҶˡ
ɶ˸ÿţһһݵվһ鲻䰡˲Ͱ𣬾͸Ƶģһվ֪ӡ˵ˣ¹İ
¹˵ͷ⣺ˣ߰ɣһ˻ˡ

¹ͷ⣬ᰡ




32.  ܵƺ«         Խ

ԽԽ, ޳ıˮӦ乤ÿһƿˮһ
칫¥Աÿֻһ
ЩѷģȻҲԻǮ򡣱ǮˮһëǮ, ӵ̵
¹Ӣʱʱүѧ, ĶԵ, ̫ˣȺĶһ̲סͳˡ
ӵıĺó, ̶ĺ춹Ļֻ̰ӵˮҲúȣζġ
¹Ӣ䣬һżһȥ¼, û䣬ˮʧ, ڸ½١Ҳ, ȿˮҲȵģ, ſյˢֻӡ
¹Ӣȥ̳յ͵, ȻЩ󣬿ǮŲҲǷ𣬷Ҳһֵ绨ȥ, ôˡзйģ죬е, ǮҲ¡

¹ӢˣŴ󱦸ȵܣȣÿ͵ģЩꡣţûǰƵԼǰ೤ҷƢһֱ¹ӢĽأҲһϽģĺܡ
ԵĶͷ˾γҵ˵Ҫȥ칫¥ﵱԱʱ˲ЩŬû׷ѰӢ˵ĹȻ԰㿴ӢӵĹȻã쵼һǿֵĺע⵽ˣŽɢĹâ㱻ˡ
ŴۿҪӹ˵Ա˰Ǵӹ˵ɲĿԽӳ䵽칫ҵĿԽԺҲԣ칫һСˮһȵˡԺĿٵˣⶼ£ںǮ
ŴŴʣγĸң
γǸʮϴ㣬Ŵ󱦾ûôЦ˽Ҷ˵ǻгɶ˵һ︾ŮЦҪ൴ж൴
γִ
Ŵ󱦣ܿⷿİ̫⣬ҲС

ԷŴһ¹Ӣ״μֵĸ¹Ӣ£ͱﲻסˡ
ȵȣΪʲôͻȻȥ칫¥
ȻΪұֺðŴȻѵбԭ
¹Ӣ
ĸţ
ִ
¹ӢŶǿⷿԱһ㶼йⷿԱһʱڿֿⷿ⣬һʱڰ칫̨ⷿʡһҪĻĹ¥İ칫ְλǱȽ۵һλܴӳ칫¥Ҳһ󲽡
ôƾ޹ʵŴͷˣ

¹ӢЩɣûʲô°ɣ

Ŵ󱦱ߴͷ˵ĿɶˣĻʱû͵ÿɿɶˡҵЩԱҵĴ¶ء

¹ӢѵΪŴʱȽ㣬쵼ʶˣ

¹Ӣֱ̫ԡŴһ潻鲻ã˽£˲պ͹ᣬû߹ϵҲûɶ׵ģôͻȻڱˣ
ȱӦ

Ŵ󱦣ΪʲôӦѾӦ˰
¹ӢϽԣҸȥûʲôè塣
Ҵӳ¥ﻹè壿ҿллˡèЩɡŴɳԵĻӢĶࡣ

¹Ӣ극ӸŴʰˢ˾ͻᣬҡ

¹ӢֱȥϢ顣

ǸӰ
¹Ӣͷ
ǶγҪһȥγλÿճˡӸһ೤÷пγ൱࣬Ҫ˰굱೤ӵ˼ҵ·
һһҪҪ

ʣµĻ˵꣬¹ӢˣҪŴһ߿ðһ೤ȥŴְŸͷİ߿ɵӻΪԵͷء
¹Ӣ룬Ŵ˽һҲǻ£ȫ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵ʱ˲ܹ÷쭻÷쭣ŴҪǸģ˾۸˼û׼ֱǸ೤ˣ˭İĸͷ԰

ⷿĻҲû˰ɣֺõġ̨ⷿʶԲеͷۡ
¹Ӣͷȷʵǣǰ೤ߵ˭·ӣҪû·ӣǶγôŴ󱦵ȥҺˣ¥ߵĹϵͨ˰
Ǹ೤ҹգӦǲոǣߡͿӲ˳ˡ

¹ӢҲ˰Ҳˡ
ҪûһŴǲǾ˳γˣ
ҲɣǸ೤߲·һ߱·ӣֻҪ˼ߡ

ӾУϹͣԼȥϵգһǰͨȥǶǳˣϲòϡôҲֻ˼ҿݣ˭˭ǿɵ
¹Ӣͷ

ùµģ˭γƨϵûУҪ¹Ӣʣ֪֪ԭίҲ˵ʲô¾ô¾͵ˣˮûСŴ󱦾º׹ζҲˣԼĸԸߵġ
¹Ӣ϶ԭίŴ󱦣Ŵ󱦵Ƣְȸ㱨һȥɣǱͣˡ

¹ӢסҪߵʲôγߣһ೤ȥôԱһ೤ⲻͿճһλ𣿡
ô
ȿȣһãһֱڼµġ
Цʦתľǿ졣ҸűЩˣ˵ѾˡˣԡӳǳȥҰҪűеġС˵ģһṫڲˡ

ȥҳ
¹ӢȥŴ󱦡

Ҫ뾺γͱӦҪǾȥⷿԱû˵
ȥŴ֣ﹷƵͷˣҪܵ϶γȥĹƨĿⷿԱγֵ¹źü೤أγֻȳεһʿɱȿⷿԱ߶ˣиֲмӰѣ˶ӹһȺ
ŴЩ͵ıһӳ嵽壬ˣ
Ҳˣֱȥγ϶ȥʲôƿⷿԱˡ
ôأⶼ㱨ȥˡ
ˣʣȥʴȥҵǳЧж죬ôһĹҹϵ͵ȥˣɵúŪ
Ŵ󱦲ܶγôҪȥʴǼһҪȥһ

Ŵ󱦣ǳľȥȥģʲôʱֵõˣγۣŴⷴӦ϶֪ʲô˰ɡȻǮǺõġŷҪˣһһ㣬Ȩùϡºˣְ

һģԱŵ쵼ô˵ˣ֪ô£ҲʰĬĬȥ¸λϵû˼ӲôأӶˣôأѾˣܲ˵˼ҾûҹϵԼܵ϶γˣҸֽɰοԼΪԼͷΪԼͷôĬĬˡ

Ŵ󱦲ˣӳܾĸ谮С֪ίҪҪĿ޳֪ʡȻʲô·ֻ֪¼ӿ޺ɶ˵ˡһԼйˣ˵ӡǸõģǡҲû˸۸

Ŵ󱦶˵Ťͷߡ
ɶȥγҲеŴ󱦣οŴ󱦴ʱɫѿĿ¡
סŴ󱦣ҲŻˣǺ£˵˵Ϊʲôȥ
Ŵ󱦱˵
γ¿϶ˣǰ¶ˣŴ֪ˣǮˣ͸ͻȥҪʵڲȥˣȥˣҸ볷Ǻ£ֵģô˵ɣǲȥҲһܵ϶γץסץסģ˵ǲ
Ŵ󱦱Ĵ󺰣Ҫǹúӵģ
Ŵ񱻵˵ըҩͰһڶţγֱܳȥ˳¡
Ϊɶҳ£ջŸôɣ
һܵңڳǰĭɵһͨ״ֱӰѲպγˡ

Ҳڣ㱨꣬˽أŴ󱦾ˡ
Ҳû뵽Ŵֱ״ˣô졣Ϊڳ֣û뵽Ŵôç
ͷۣȻȥ˽ʵĴ𸴡
СǸúúùܽˡѵˣκСһӣӺĸﶼţ˵˶ٴҲáߵĵԽԽˣ

ŴвЩˣƨɸϽˡ

˳÷߹ϵ˾֪
ܿ죬ȫ֪γҪˣ÷Ϊ˵γ쵼ˡһаԣҾر˷ܣοôб۵ģһͰ˳İҾ͸˷ˣȥĽеĺرصģȥ칫¥̽Ϣ֪ĸ쵼ˡ
³׶÷·Ҫ϶γˣȫ쵼ñȫ˶ò£ĸ쵼ˣ
û죬÷תȥ˰칫¥ȥ˲ִ˿ⷿԱγҪȥһҲ·£û˾ۿŴγָտɴҵĿעͰԵķתƵŴˡ




33.           ͡

Ͱѱ˹, ¹Ӣ꣬Ͱѱֱӽ˰

űһγĶͷ˾͹ġһ͹ġһžˣűϵ, һ۾ϳ, ´, ֳĺÿרſһϵ֣¹, ʮ꣬϶´ϵǳʮа˾ž´ˡҪߵģ͹ģ, һűǰ칫κ豸Ӱ
ٿű, Ŷ, ҲǣκʹǵӰ
Ҫĸˢȥ, ׵ľǰ˵˰, ؼǣ⼸λĸҲߺ
¹Ӣλ, δ˭˵׼ǰɡ˻رѲԼҪ治, ԺôԼء
Сӣ⡣
üͷ룬ﻹܰ˰

¹Ӣ˰ͻ¼ҡ
տ¹ӢͦȣѽôˣһŵĺСˮϱȸһ顣
¹Ӣã̫ûôˡ
¹¹Ӣˮϴϴģ϶ˮϴϴö˻ֱˮͷͷء
տ߶ȱϴëȺϴ˾ǲ֪ע⣬ֻͼһʱ죬˾͸úˡ

¹ͷ

¹ӢϴСϣȾȥ١

¹¹СΧǶ˵
һ˵ҵⲻᣬҪһ¡
һ߶£ͿʼϰʲôûС
¹ڼҸĸ˽ϵ£䰮㽲ǵλ¡䱻ҲܰȰȰȵĸǽ㣬Եǽ׽űĽиýС񣬱࿪ˡ

ԴԺ֪˴󣬺ܶˣǼ裬̬ȶһˡôƤ˵Ҳǻʵ΢ôһ㡣
ǴȫɷӣŶе顣Ժ̫̫Ƕġ
¹Ӣһϣ˵ӣ˵£ǵλճλ
¹ץסص㣬۾¹ӢһＴڴֽţĶ

д˷ݱʰͣ˵֮ǵλԡҲ̫磬̫ûϰأҲǵš

ڵ¹Ӣ˵ˣ¹ѹɤ۵ļƿڶ˷ܵһ§ס¹Ӣ㣬Ұˣҵĸ

ĸڳ¹һɤŵһ顣Ų˵ͳˣҪˡǾͷҶڳĶײˣѾͷһɤˡ
Ӣӻˣվʹӣˣأʹͷˡⲻڰ϶ײء

裬˸¹ɤӺ
ɶŲ˵͹ˡ
¹Ӣĸĵ˳ַԱߵСϡ
¹ظһ飬˸
ģүۼת˰Χȹϲɾ֣˫ֺʮ˰ݣ˵˵ô¡ʲô֣νûϵ۲ɶܸɣУݣоء
¹סͷԶԶԣɶɣоءڼҴˣĽйĽ۶ˡ

¹Ӣ
ǣʲôûأǸ˸أܲܳɻ֪ء
Ӻ˳¹ӢٸѹɽҪûɣȿȣѹҪҪȥݷһ°ˣʱ䵽׶̣԰Ϊ˺ͼɻ䲻ǺɱǸӣŪɳ׾ͲˡȻȥҪ¡

ѹû¹ӢĻ£㵽ᣬ٣ô꣬Ҫûϣģ˱ģͳˣǸ˱ֲȥģⲻƾ׵Ŷ˱ȥԣŹⲻ̫ˣǲӵģ治ӣⱨϣ˵ǲǡ

¹˵Ҫԣ￪ʼģһ˵³һַˡ

¹Ӣªˣ˵ģڵԾ߸ؼŪ
ȥҪҪ˵ģλӰ˵Ҫúлл

գǵλôճλõģ
¹Ӣû˵ֻһγҪߵ¼˵䡣
¹Ӣǲ̫ģ¹𴩻̵ģøɾЩҲױŴƽʱӴ磬оô
գԶԶԣ˵Ķԣ쵼һӡһúãɱֻų
¹ͷ֪֪ȴҾ͸˵ôӣٴһ·ָ˵ӡ¹˵˵žɵЦ
¹Ӣ쵽˳ſڣүʴ绰үҲôߣʴʴشˣš
գԣ˵Ķԣɶ˵ɶ󷽷ģţһŽˣЦ
¹㣬첻ڳſڽҰ
һƣûôģԼûŰ˽ӣûϰ඼æأпս㣿˵⻹ûأ±˲֪ǿĹϵŽȥģ㵽޳ſڣ󵨵ĽȥҪǶ޳˽޲һֱ¹͵ʴǰشˡ
ĸ¹ĸҪôôôô¹ѵ档

ĸҲ˲ˡ

¹Ӣ¹⣬͵ϳӻСԺǻȥء

ĸ¹¹Զ֮ǰͲ˵ˡջص¹סˣ¡
һṤʹ̼žꡣҪһµžֱܶ޳ȥҲûܣžɵĳҪһڶһӢӿɾͶ˿ЦˣԺһ䣬ôôġ
ĸǷžһڶϱǰЩ̡¹ǷӢӸӵģĸ˽϶ϣԼŮȥģҪȥ޳˶޳Ůӽ˵ǵξܲˣⲻֹһһӵĴ¡

ֱ¹Զӳ극ˣĸ¹¹ֹŮ¸ء

¹ӢҼԵ£費ҪȥҰݷһ¡
֣ʮþȣȥϰҪҲԺҾý춢ë֣𣬷ǮԺͣͣڶ޳ϰࡣ
¹Ӣܺã




34.           裬⳧ӿſɡ

, ⳧ӿſɣſڣ࿪೨, һ۶ͷ, ű𳧿ɺöˡ
, Ǵ󳧡ո¹·ס˵𣿱ţ͡ػҪ, ҪŤ󣬴󷽷ģ
֪ˣŤ˵ˣԽ˵Խšһֱ˵, ͽţ費ͣ˵, , һ϶û˯̤ʵ
УҲ˵ˡŰۿ¹Ҫ, ҲŰ, Լȥš޲һֱ¹͵ʴǰ߸ɴȥѾͷëëģɱ쵼²õӡ󰡡

ǰ¹Ӷ, 黨ᵽһ黨裬黨衣ͷһ·ֲˣȥ, ׻ǻһһڣ޳ʱѾ˵һˣڲ

ү˵绰ָ·к¹ͶԽ˳
Ҳûߣһֱڳſڵţתתȥ̫ţһͳһĺ

Ҫʳ˲˵Сȥũ˼ӽ²ȥκγļˣͲ˵ˣ˼ҶΪˣΪ˼Ҳũˣ˼Ҷ˲ǺõģؼĲԣ˼¶ࡣͲҲǣûһܰ˶סһоˣƢСÿζܸ˼ҳ󻹵ȥƨɡ˽Ļÿȥ

ſʱһſתƣ³ȥ˴ߣſڿɲǲг
һϸ²¹ӢɣģЩ񰡣óͣ£Լ³˹ȥ

裬ģôվŰ

һѽͦһСӣƤЩڣٶͦͿЦеӹϲģ˻ò󳧳ľǲһ

ҲЦۣŮԣȻ

ѽԺһӵĹ˰

˸ˣ˵׼˵׼

ô˵׼˵ԵĶ£źˡ

ģȻԤϣ׿˵ջ־ϲ

ǻм١Ůʲô֣

¹

ˣǣȵģվŶߣҴȥҴ

ô˼ҿǳӹϸģһˣܽң˵ҸӰ繤ˡ

ˣŮ۳ӵְǼôءߡ

ձ˵üЦʢȴľ͸ȥҡ˵ҲȣɹˣŴȣɱͷվˡ

ƣôˣû˸ߣզˣ̫Ҳû߳

֪¹ӢҪ¡˵ǴЩƣɸû밡û뵽¹Ӣ谡Ҫ֪ˣ˵ҲҪȥ׸顣¹ӢүүǰǻȨһأˣܲŵ˵ˣ¹Ӣб£;бµˡ

ϳ˺ʲôء

˳ͱĿˡҲֻñˡ

ҪŮԣģѾˣ¼ˡ
ǽҲǰְ˳Ҳˡ

񲻿ܰһˢȥͰȥˣĶͷ˾ű̧ͷѯʡ
һһ˵ˡ
ۣҲÿŶǩ֣ðȥҳǩȥǩˣڳǩǩǾͲˡ

ŵȥҳǩ֡

ʣ´ãã
˵ǡ
ʮ꣬ˣ
ȫŵǰĳˡͬͬİ飬һˮƽˡ

Ȱ¹ǩ֡ݣϳƬ̣Ÿǩˡ
ãˡ

¹СʴһˣԽԽ
ʵʱʱһЩ⣬˵仰̤ʵ١

ذ칫Һ󣬰˸ֶϺ󣬾ְϰࡣ

¹˵ˣȻû뵽ôйˡ

һ뵽Ժϰˣ¹ۻŮҲ˵Ľ

¹˹뵽ĵһǣϽֶ˹ϵ˹»ûɢ֮ǰ
ھڼҴ߰꣬ʲô鰡ͼڼҲ㵥䰡ԺءͼӣйˣǮˣԼԼϺӡ
ᣬô飬ȻӣһΧ̨תԺˣҲڵԺһ뵽ЩЩ־塣

¹һȥˡոأΪ¹ҪȥСҫȥҲûܡ¹԰ڡеɶ޲øСȸƵģ

ЩЩصģʱ򻹲֪뵽ʲôˣԼһ˾ͺٺɵ֡ԼԼܲ˽˵˶Ǵʱģһ֪ô¡
Ҫ˵ӣСϲСѾͷѾͷÿԸأҲû㱾£顣Ҫǣûй
˭ϲأ˵Ҫϲ¹Ӣøʲ˼ء
¹¹ɣҪӽ˻飬ԺڼҲи顣үϰ࣬ÿһҲġԵĸ׽ûҲգ˹ϵԽԽ׽

ʱæ緹أۿˣʳæȻ졣һ¹ժΧȹ˳¹ûҹ

˸ĵطֻΪ¹أء
֣ʡԺˡ¹ֱ˵ҲͷһΣûίܾίֵļܡ
ˣЦ̣ô£ǰ첻úõģŻء
ôˣͦʵİҪ֣Ҿͼʣҿ϶ܼ
֣ҲˡҪұȥ
Ϊʲô˰
Ϊʲôǲˡ
Ǿ͵ٽᣬҲͦãҲǺżҵ㡣
¹ˣҪ֣𡣡

¹˵Ťͷߡ

ָϽץס¹СܵøҸɰɡ˵ˣûУҵľͲˣ㻹ʲôҿģңԺȱԴȱǮʲôģҲǳ֣ò⣿ֻ𣿡źãòãԺʲôġ

֣֣һ˿Χˡ¹ʹ˦֣ˡ

¹̫ˣۼһһ鳤أôˣΪʲôҷְҲ֣¹󺰣źžͿˣ֣֡

¹ѾԶˡ

ܣܻؼҰԼ޵Ĳѡ
ۻˡ
۴ˣ϶ӰҴʲôʱô޹ѹһ߿ţ§סӣĸͷʹޡ
裬СҪҷ֣Һˣֱޡ
ûû£Ҹõģйģ¹Ưġ
ҲҾϲֿ޵Ĵã
Ҳô§֣ᡣ

޹һȶ٣ٵ᲻

˵óƣקֺȾơ
ƽʱȾƣþƲúȣĲ˺á
ˡһһģֺ˸

Щġ
尲οû£ˣ˯һͺˡ
Ҫӷż٣
ʲô٣ڼû¸ɸ׺˼롣û£һ̨æˡһˣûУ
㻹˵ӣҲ㵱ҼʱˡЦˣҿ־ˡ
⵹ǣ֣Ҿ֡˵Żˣ§Ҫȥ˯
ʲô㣬ҽŴ֣ȻҲġ
ʲôأĸƵģ׼һ˵žӲݡ




35.  ͨ         ⲻž

ⲻž, ȥİǼڿɾûأڼһ˿ĸӣø, Ҳ˵ȥš㿴ڶûճˡûε, ˡô, һ㲻֪Т˳ţѹӢֻӲءžôɵ, Ҳ֪ŵźӢӡ
СӲڼ˿ĸӻˣǣԱû¸¡Ҳ̫ˣ찮˵ô̶ܽϱ, ˵һ飬ȥġ
ž⻰, ǻ֪˾Ц, кϷˣ찡, ǻ֪ذ, Сйˣʼϰˣ⣬֪ذ
ž꣺ûô¹, ĸԹ¹ڼҿɶء˵¹йˣ
ɲ, ȥӢڵĶ޳Ӣӵĸˡզû˵ΧﶼŰԵĹâ񽻻㣬кϷˡ

ž˸ݺݵƹŤͷ¼ܣŭĻԽԽû˰Ǹ¼ӵ˰˶磬˶֪ˣڹ
žһܵĸǰĸ裬Сأǲйˣ޳
ţǰһֱû˵أԶÿͦæġţÿϷºӾߣϳ˷ҲƨɴźӾߣһҲӰͦæġ
žһɤӣȫ۸Ұȫ۸һйҲҵģƾʲô¹ȥ
Сŵ˸ã
žĽȥĻܵЩŴϾͿʼ޵ġ
ŵĸֱ㣬žŮſ
ұ죬лú˵Ӷŵˡ
žĽȥղ˵ʲôҲ߰ί÷йԺ˶¼Ҷʲô˰۸ϱۡ
ž¼֣һֱֵ¸°ࡣ
¹סᣬѹû¹һӶСֶŮҲݡ¹Ҳдҵˣڶ޻ʵܲɩһתĿǻ
žĹھ¸ĸ¹Զ
¸̲˵Ȱ˰첻ãɴҲˣͣ£Ժ˿ЦҲһˡһһԡ

˲ϱ¹Զ۰Ҳһίı飬裬ҪȻӰѹøɩӡ

ĹƨҹǶҹձ⻰ŭˣ
ճϵĨ¹Զһ¹ԶӲź㿪ʼ¹Զ
¹Զˣʼܡ
ž¹ԶܣһҲˣ޲޵ĺžĨҲˡؼ˯ڶս

һϣžͨˣҲˡ

Եڶ죬ҲˣĸǰĬĬĨᡣ

ⲻֻôᣬŻֿġ

ֱӣÿӿӣ
žأóԷԷĨᡣ

ۿգʹ¹ȥ¹Ӣ㣬ȱˡһ϶ñžϡ
¹ӢջûŻȥǸƱȻȥյ͵ء
Сôһ˵֪ܵʲô˰ɡ
¹˵žΪ˹ڼſޡ϶ȥɩӲϣɩҪ

ž껹ǵ¹ӢأˣҪйÿӢӡԭֻӢӸս޳ģ˴ҲŸյϴǣҲûǱܰŪȥ
ڿӢأû׵ܰһ˽޳϶ܰŵڶ˽
Ȱĸˣʱ¹ӢߣĸǲҲ谭
ž겻ײҲˣޣܿޣ޵Ŀôôޡ
žҲûȥ޳¹Ӣ֣¹Ӣ㿴ˣȫǵľ¹Ӣˣӻָ
¹Ӣؼҡ

¹ӢҲܱ¹ӢĸĶˣԭƻվͲ¼ˡֵȥž겻ɣȲû׼˼ȥ˳һ㲻ʮ壬ǻȥһˡ

žһ¹Ӣͱ¹Ӣް¹Զ٣¼ûӣҪӹĿడŮ˰᲻ó᲻ôġ
žһѱһģ޵¹˹̼ˣԽԽҡ

¹Ӣңңô˵첻Ӳ£
¹Զȷʵе٣Ҫ˵žϰ࣬¹Զڼأž϶¹ԶԵĿû׼û깤ʾȥˡָ¹ԶǮžⱲָˣܱסڵĹͲˡ
¹ӢҲܱž껹أ޵һѱһģ˵̫صĻ
ɩӣӹҲǸˣɣԺлˣҿ϶㡣лҲ֪ʲôˡ
ģ
棬棬ôˣܲסҪĸܲסžôڸǰޣ̫ˡ
žӦУѸĨᣬ¶ЦӢӣˮɩӸ㵹һУɶɩӸ
ԴžҲҲˣÿҲεˣҲˣĸɼ񿴺ӣĸ꺮ůģֱǶʮТöϱ
ǰɵˣҪôţȥ޳ϰľˣڰء

¹Ӣĸž껹ԼɴûҲ֪ڲɩӱ鷳ˣ磬
鷳ϴȥ˵һážʱҲǾģ˵ζһ㣬ɴĲҲûʲôòֵġӸùֵܽҲ࣬СҲǹĿڼʲôɣԵ¼ҺǾˣŮҲûʲôѣӡҲԿΪɣʲôĶٸɣˡȻ¹ԶңǮ٣ʤ¼ҵӹĻģü¼Ǽ޶ˣֻ˹£

ռžˣȥˣܱǰǿ
أм£ղ¹Ӣ˵˰ػ¡
ǵûСȥȥ
Ǿͱˡ
ߵĴ̫¹ӢҲ붯ˣаɣȥ̳ɡ
ڳôѾͷסͲӰˡ˵˾ͻֻһ˾ͼҴˣ˵Լ˹ѿӰҶûˡһһ˰۸أ˵һ㲻ܵίģŵ㣬ôģʱһ˾ͺˡ
¹ӢЦˣ ڵİ೤ʶ˭ίҲܲˡŴ೤ίγһߣŴ󱦺ܾܿǶγˣŴڣܵί
ǰ೤ţǻõģѾͬԱһƬˣͬͬһԷϴģⲻ㿴һ鿴Ӱˡͷİɡ
ˣôܿ򰡡

˵ܻվأڻվ˿ÿëһǮǵ㣬ڼǿ
ǵǡ

¹ӢڼҸ¹ѧϰ̫̫˲ߡ

¸¹Զ¹Զžڳæȥæˡžָʹ¹Զǣ֣˷¹Զϴȥ
¹ԶʲôʱɹЩԴǰȥѾž̳ˡ
ڳ߸ɻ˵Ļôͽɶ׸ɩӣҲۣ
žɵӣã衣

һż˶ϱôʹӿܾͲˡ
ˣĲ¹Զž꣬¸źô꣬Ҳû֣ͷӻ¹ԶأԽԽ

¸¹ԶɻϻЩˣֱӰӸɻȥȥ
է֣Ҳһͨˣžˣ͸Ҳɻʹʡźë
¸ֹôܸЩء
ⲻ֪ԺҲҪĸʹˡ




36.           ֵգ¹Ӣ

ֵ, ¹Ӣְһܣ˵ʲôҲҪȥҵ硣
Σûʲô䰡, յ, еӵƱȯ
ҪЩʲô
ܸʲô, Щ¡ȻҪƱɶ
֪⼸öǮ𣿵ôǧǮɵɶãЩ, ԩͷ㡣
ǮҲǷš
ҪƽţҸϵңܰȫͷǮˣôҲܱ֣Ҳ֡
ƽڵм˵Ҳˣ˵ҴƽǮ, Բȵģһյ, ̫, ϶ȵ˯á˵ˣװûʣЩǮ, ҵ粻

ƨ˭һǧЩ⣡²۲ѡ
ۿҪ, ̸첻͸ˣһյиƨãٵˣҪɶ, ⶼȻı䣬ǵӣɶ, ࿴㱨ֽԺǵıֽù

¹Ӣ̫
Ҫ뻨ǮǸլװˣլӷҲǷţ΢װ£ȥء
¹Ӣȥ˼𣬱ͷְѷӸ̣ˣװһµǿԡ£ЩҵӦûǮװޡҪȾ˾͸Ǳװޡһ˼ҵ磬ҾȥǱߴ磬Ȼװͼ
¹ӢǲֹǮܻǮȻ̫ˣȻ٣ǣ¹ӢҲȥԩͷ
ûУɶƱҲûС

¹Ӣˣ۾ֲҪģǮ˭
˭Ҳ㡣
¹Ӣ˵һԼǮôˡ̫ܵġ
Ǻǣһùء
¹ӢЦˣ˼һģҲܵ¿ηβǣǵǣ¿ʦͽϵܸһҪһ£ֻһģ
һҲϵôҲ벻ףôôֵǸǮ
ĻǮûй󲻹һ˵ֵֵֻһ˵ֻҪòֵһǮҲǵͬģҪⶫֵǸۣҲֻ˵¹ӢܻǮʵҲСΪ۹ⶾϵĶмֵĺö
үү̣СǸү͸С㣬ǳ󣬹ͱǮ˵ѹүү̾;ãǮԼϲĶģϲֻСƶֲӻγѹۣҲΪǮԼϲĶģϲʲôأϲһмֵĶ磬үһƽ𣬾⡣
ⶫֵֵǮϲⶫǰᡣû󸻴֮ǰǺѸıˡǽǮˣҲһܸıˡˣ׸ıˡ
ǱյǵӣԶԶֵЩģֱ㵱ԩͷԩͷ
ת˸ڣ¹Ӣһӱֽɣû¶࿴ֽɶǿɱȥ˵ԩͷ
¹Ӣ
ʵҲЩļ۸Щӵ˲ûڵ
¹Ӣǰĸĸǳȥģһڳ˳ֻһǣ֪ĸȵֱڣÿƽ̲סᣬʹͻḡ֡
ҲǾˣܲϧŵÿһ㣬ﲻǡ

һ¹ӢҲִյͱˡڵӣ˳ģ˰ÿϿΣҲûôʱ俴ӡ鿴ֽ㲥ҲǲС

ѾٳһԺӵװˣ֪¹Ӣϵξȥ廹ʽװޡ

ԽԽ䣬ۼٽڣ¹Ӣд˼͸豸ļˣʱ⼸ֲùҪģǰǳԶٷ
һֵĽǣдԽԽࡣӴſڵĴдġ
ɶдģ˵ˣдҲӴſڻ

ڷżǰ½ӵ֪ͨҪٰĩѵ࣬о豸ѵΣſǳ¹Ӣʦ
ѽѽٰºܸˣ̫Ƕ޳ˣҲˡ¹ӢϺˡ
ǰһϣ˵¡

¹Ӣ̫ͻȻˣ׼ĩࣿҪһĽࣿ

£ 㽲εĶɶ豸豸ĹǸҪóȫʵǶסˣɲǫʱ򡣡˵ҪʹͶǿǽʦڿϣǾǵϼ쵼ǲģҪˣʵѹǣڵϺúĦĦǶҸɷˣ
¹ӢôһоԼȥΣȥܵġ
ȻСҲҪѹʵŻм죬úñΡǳСվˡǵøС°˾һĳС°Ҫúðλᡣ
ӾܾҪٽһҪˡõ¶ᰡûˣĽʵ۾ˡŶҲӢѵΣһģȻ¹ӢӢҲлᰡϧˡ

ɢ˻ᣬ¹Ӣյѵľַʱ䰲š
Ͽεĵص¥ԶһҹУʱ˵㵽ʮ㣬мжʮϢʱ䡣γ̺Ӵּرעˣʦ  ڶ޷ĳ¹Ӣ
˵Żͦġһһ磬ʱе㳤

ʱϿΣҲһЩμɣξͽΣǲˣǴӸ˽αɸʮ˽𣬲ǽݱһ豸ֲǲС
Щš
¹Ӣ֪ʶͳĹһ飬˸٣׵ѣӻ룬ֳ½ڣÿ½ݡ
αƵģҲŪ˸Ŀ¼ȻǶӦϸݡһһ磬Ҫһ署ʵˡ

⼸Ṵ̄ϣץԽǸ
˵ΪͷһΣҲԼ򵥣˼죬ٶЩÿ¹Ӣ궼ҹơ
¹Ӣı

¼Ҷûأæűˡ

ĵһգ죬¹Ӣ롣
ѾСڴˣﵽҹУʮӣǵһȥϿΣ˵Ϳų¹Ӣſڵˡﻹһ类衣ģ趬ͰѱѶѶá

ҪԸҵ˾ģ¹Ӣĺɫ޷洩ë£һҲӷףһվ˳
۾һ˳͸˸ڡ
ͷһۼһƣĵӼ죬ٲΡ

˿⳵Ҳġôĳ˲˵ģۡȥ㽲Σʡı˿һСƵģΪ۸
ԶԣӢӣȥ㱣ݻġϽӸ͡
ûУ˵ġ

¹Ӣ磬û뵽εѧԱĸ硣
Щ¹ӢĴˣռǰţҪú¹Ӣʲô¡о޶ӡȾ˴ȴû޺á˵¹ӢĴˣΪǸˣһүǣ϶ǿúÿˡǲģ뽲ʦҲƾʲôôһ˵ģԣ¹ӢǸ˵ġ
һЩǸ¹Ӣģ¹ӢʱһЩ豸˽Ķ֪¹ӢǸʵʵģȻҪռλá

¹Ӣһɨüһ滹أʦǰŸ
¹ӢɫͷɱճԵݡ

ʱˣ¹ӢȼҽܡȻͿʼϿΡ
¹Ӣڽ̨ϸս˼ӣͳˡ
㽲ЩҲ̫ˣ˭֪ⲻǴ˷Ѵʱ𣿡

¹Ӣ·۱ʿʲôЩ㲻ģ˵Ҷ
ҶνҪʦ㶮˵ǰɡ׼ɣ˵ʦ豸һҲǰѺ֣͸ҽǵλӡȾôάްɡ
¹Ӣ޺ӡȾһֱû֪ľôˡǵʱ⹤ʦҲ֪ô£ֻ֪¹Ӣ¶һֳסڳˡ
룬Ǹ豸ģ˭ᳵˣϹϲκ˲ҲûһȻ϶û¹Ӣʲôˡ
ֻӡȾģǶһͷˮͲţ¹ӢܿҪ֪ģǳôĵ˸
Ǹ¹ӢˣҪ¹Ӣסѿ²̨Ժվ⽲̨

ڽŵĽ
һ⣬ˣ磬ûİȥ˸ȥ
һۣʲôһﶼײǹˣõǳ֣

ȷʵǣ¹Ӣһ֣治ɫıʼںڰϻӡȾĹ

˵ģ˵¹ӢӡȾ⹹ͼںڰһ֣ס˲ˡ˭ͼ

¹ӢͽӡȾĹԭȻֽСĥ豸ͣ˵⡣
漰ԭЩͽЩܶûû͸Գ¹Ӣ˰Ҳǣ˼ҲܱʦҪǶˣѧɶҲȥʦˡ
¹ӢӡȾˡ
¹Ӣʣͬѧ𣿡

Ӱʦһ˽ȥ¹Ӣ˺üƬͷеġ
ɣ
裺ȻһҲû¹Ӣӡơ
ˣȻû̫Ǻ
һɫ
¹Ӣãˬѡ

¹Ӣͣ٣ͼͰĽϵĿΣ˺ʣĿû˸״ˡ




37.  Ǹ׵         ¡

¹һݰ, ѵϰܡﻹһѱֽ

裬裬¹ûҾͿʼ
л㣬ϰ˻ôզզ¥ﶼ㺰ˡմӴ̽ͷº, Сϴӵ·, ֶʪ, ġ
ˣɤӲأ, 㿴ɶ

¹űֽܻؼҡ
һֱܵոǰűָֽտ

ղʶ֣¹ָǱֽϵһƬǿԿģֽҲͿЩͼƬˡ

ӢӰ, ﰥӢӡӢϱֽˣոϽΧȹϲ, һֽ, ⶼдʲô
¹Ϳ, , ٰѵ࣬Ҷ㵱˽ʦⱨֽϿҽνĺá
ղϱôһƪأô֣۸費ʶְ, ʵʵһһֵ
¹ֻýӹֽһһֵĿʼͷ¹Ӣ˼飬, ҵģȻʲôΣεص㣬ݵȣȻһЩ޺۵Ļ
Ц棬Ŵչ¹֪ѧϰĺô˰ɣɵúúѧҲƵģˡ

¹Цģһ˵Цݾˡ
裬ôߵǰ첻¹£˵Ҫǲ̫˰ѹ̫˰

ֶżСܲͷҲǣѧ˿ɵúúѧгϢײ
Сܲͷûͷ

ʱ¹Ѱĺһֽ˳ֹǸأЩÿŶҶд¡

޳һϲ¾Ͱʾ
¹ƽʱǲֽģļСҲÿηĳǺǽֱӶڽˣ¹ͦʱǲ֪¹Ӣڳд¡
¹Ӣʦ˱ֽ޳˸ʾΧ۵ʱΧ㣬֪ڳдأеĻձˡ
ܻһٷµıֽˡ

үôࣿ¼ð˰ָָأأձűֽżְ¹
¹㷭ȥһ·ˣˮûء¹ˡ

סѾͷ¹һһݵ¹Ӣд£Ȼһһ

¹ÿһƪվЦһ䣬дá

ž߿ĸ¹ӢƬıֽսˣĸ֣ȥĿһһ飬أ˵ӢզⱾء
¹һݣһʱžЦŲڣ裬ѹӢôʱ䶼ûˣ϶æġ㿴ô˽Σǲúú׼
ǿɲǿ϶úú׼ȻȥɶҲûУǲץϹˡ˵ҪңվôǰΣȶô¡жҲûˡ˵ž͵ĲС

¹ֶһƪµļЪžֲڵ裬·˰պˮϴԺ·ϴͱˡô䣬ִˣϴ·ֺܲסˡ
žŶ䣬һ¹ֽһˮȥˡ

¹ǰ裬ɩԴҩˣզԽԽаˣŹ֯}ûŵġ
հ²ɩӸɻˣͦã
ʵҲûҪϴ·¹·ڳϴ˳ҲͰ¸·ϴˡƽ˵ˣϴԼͺӵġƽʱҲϴϴԼ·а캢Ū˻ϴġһҲû
ǺǣͦãƵġ̫ˣ¹ɻǵأǰžԼ·ϴġ
յ¹ţϹ˵ˡסˣԺǵĳֻҪдˣ͸ûû
СԺձͽˣ֮ǰȷֻҪ£һݣû

¹һǲˣĸ˰챨ֽ¸ָ¸챾͸ɣɤӶЩðź˺üˮѹͶسȥˣú½˹ȥ

¹ӢѾ״̬ˣҲԽԽ죬̬ˡǸϿΣǸЩϿΣɷġҲᵽʦȤˡۣĳʵ

ϣպñʼǣ¹ӢҴȥط
ģȥ
ܸҸǮĵطʡǮҧ֣ܵŻȥҲǷٹһʱˣ¹ӢҪҵ磬ǻǰȥ
¹ӢˣǮȥȥģ뿪ˣ
֪ˡ»ˣֻ¹Ӣɵۡ
˵˵һ룬̫ˡ

ڶգ¹ӢΣȴȥ緹Ȼһ·˽

¹ӢɻȻԺܷչڣĽҰġ

ȻտҲ̫ԶסֲΪǳӵĲ˾Ǵġ
˸طͣȻ¹Ӣ߱˵ǹ˵ôһңڣȥճа˰Ķأһаʮ꣬ΪиɽͷаѰһһĶʮġ
¹Ӣһ¼۸ǧ飬ҲǮˡ
ɽͷЩЩɽͷĵطֲˣڸģڸ˲ûŪ
ڵĴǰȥˣ˵˴ƣѵܵöȥæˡ˵ǱСˡ
ȥҪڹȥģڸճа˵أ˵ʲôҲȥֱ꣬Ǵ˸Сӣ˵Ҫڹȥӡ˿ڡأҲֻתȥˡ
ÿһʱ߶˽Ҳ졣Ǯ绨аء

¹Ӣ㣬аѻˣǧ飬ĶأһСɽͷʹȨʮ꣬㰡ôأ϶ù˰ɣҪϰ࣬ܲתֲ˰ɣؼֲҲаֳˣȥɣôһ鷳ġ
ҪаˣҪ滮һ°ɣ﷢չˣ϶ֲֻ˰ŷӣŪũָժҲǲСɲܸɶ϶ù˰ɣû׼ø㾭Ӫôһ鷳ˡ
ҪһǰǮĵطɣа̫鷳ˣǾܰ

ģ˰ֻ֣ܸÿ¸˿ٶԸ˾УʱɽϸٲЩЩѼΧֵˣٸ㿪㡣ʳҲˣҲȥ㲻ܶȥҲ϶ܻرڼѼ㣬ʳҲһ֡

ôɴԼаˣķģԼаأһָɶ

ȻҵǮдáɲ׻ֵطǶıǮɲ㶯

¹Ӣаɡ
ҵ˿𣿲Ҳʲôİɡ

ûĶȥˣǮֵصĹɻףҪŲ˳֣ҾͰҾˡЩ¶ر򵥵¡

һ˵ֵأ¹Ӣ뵽򣬡ôһ˵һʶʵˣҼҴǰϼҾֵذ˿ҲҴ˼

Ǹãи˰㿴ţҲܷĲ١

ȣԺôŰаİ

ü

ȣҼֵܽö࣬иɩӣԴý˶޳һֱҸҹءҪҴҪ֪ҸŪģôءҲǹֵصĻҲɲͷҪôԼ˵ǴԼҵĹ

Уν͸Ǽ˵ϰ塣߰ɣҴȥȥҲû˽أû׼ܸ㿳ۡģҿ϶ȫˡ

¹ӢֹƣĵĿ˵զ⿿أҲ̫οˣҪܳΪ۳ǰĺء˵칫ˣ׿©ģһе֮ʰ

ĸ˲Ҳ⣬¹ӢĿޣͨ泩·ˡ




38.  Ǹɶ         ¹Ӣ

¹Ӣǧ˰ѵسа
ɽͷϻֻĸ, ʮֻֻֻ磬ԺٷС硣
ֻĸ˽һ꣬µĺʱ
¹Ӣ⻨ٿЩ

һֻǮ, οЩµĸ, ϶ɺ, ֱӸڴ˸ۣ۴ˡ
һЩũߺһֳһЩߵĶ, ڳаͷˡ
ץʱСǧ໨ȥҲ߰˰ˡ

̸£а£¹ӢȥʵؿСɽͷΧĲ˵ء

¹Ӣֻܹ滮ɽͷϾˣȻֵ
Ĭ, ɽͷвĶΧľդΧ, ɽҲм, ⵹ʡ˲¡һǧֻˣͷͰѼ粹ȫˡ, йٲЩ, Ҳ֪¹Ӣϲʲôˮ
¹Ӣɽڸ
Ĭڸ΢ģЩ㣬ֵźҲҪֲ, ʱˮܵúһ̣㶼㡣
¹Ӣʣµľֲ˰ɡǮˣ͸ʲô, Ͳˡ
Ѿˣö˶ˣøϽЩѡҰɣ̫ԺҪ˽һ¡

¹ӢѴ滮˵꣬ͳʣٿЩǮˣ㿴Űɡ
Ĭһ£̫
¹ӢЩ飺ȣšҪǮд£˽ۣ¹ӢǮˡ
бҲû˵ʲô

¹ӢĹ滮ôһ㣬ôҲҪˡٸһ
¹Ӣˣ
˻ɲֲֲ쿴ţҲѵ¡

¹Ӣаɣⷽ˵㡣ȻɻˣҪǮ࿪ʡ

ȴ˸绰ֱͤӸϼҹ˸绰

ĸٻӡ
ĸٻĶ˷õܣүүǱŷˮٳ׮¡ϲֶȻȶС˼꣬˺Ҳϰӷų󣬵ڶȢˣɻ᳤ֺã˻ڿ죬˭ϲ׶ӣҲҪ˵һ䣬˼ұϲ
ĸټ޺Ҳû壬ͼͬһҲǺ磬ҲȡĶֱĽСĽϵͦá
ʮ꣬С˾ꡣҪ磬̽׵¹ӢӸɻ˵ﻹӣƽʱڳסҲûطס

յŶϲصľͿʼʰȥ֤
ǲ֪Ҫ֪˳ǻֵأ᲻ô˷ôˡޣŽ˳Ǹء

¹Ӣֱȥ¹һˡ
ôˣм£¹廹ͦƣʲôôҵˡ
㣬˵ڻվ򹤣զĶ಻ࣿ
Ͱ˿ÿһǮˡ˵˼֧С̯ձҶģõʱһü飬˵ܹǮˣҲֳ¯֧С̯
ȿȣҲй㣬Ҹ˵¡һѣа˼ĶأҸ˰ֲĹʿ϶ڻվǿҿͦʵģզ
һĶ
Ķ
ÿչȥŸɻȥͰĶ˵ÿʱѻˣͰֵҪʲôǮ
㣬϶Ǯġ
ҪɶǮ⼸Ķأæ¡ĻҪǮ
¹Ӣ㣬ɵý׸ɻϽһˣ϶ʡ

¹һ˼飬ػҪˣҪʣǮյİܻرǵһ˾ܸɹɱѷɵˡ

¹Ӣˡ
ô˵ţ˻ɲ
ĪЦ

¹ӢֲֹͣˣмһСɽͷأ񼦵Ҫ㡣һæĹ

æǲһæõʱ䳤㣬۵㡣ũ첻µ첻ɻģ첻ۣվܸ˿Ͳˣ˳־ιˣ˵ֲֲл

¹ӢЦҽۻˣ㲻۰

Ѿͷʲô˵¹¹Ӣ⣬Ϲ˵

¹Ӣæ㿪ٲ˵ˡˣһ±׸ʮҪǮˣٸɡ

¹壺ӢѣǮɵʵˡ
ҾȥǮ˵ƽɵԺҲܻվˣרĸ˼ֲ

㣬ɱɩ֪⹤ʵǲʺ˵ȥֵذҲֲ˲ǡֻҽ֪С
У֪ˡȥ

ڶռƽ
ƽһϹ

Ͻܿƽļ򣬡ɱ˵ҲũģһرУɱ⡣ƽȻһʱˣʣһũ
ҽƽǰɣģ

ʮģʮ

Ҵ갡ҽϸɡߣҴȥ˵Ǳ߿
ƽϵط˽滮Ͱš

صƽԷȾƣЩϸҸ˵һ£Ǳ߳Ա˵
ƽЩִ٣뵽ϰ壬ϰ˵ʲôʲô
¹ӢĶصĹ滮չϸ˵˵͵ԼҸɻأſ˸ɾˡɶᣬҿ϶Ľܡ
ƽͷһһ

˵£˾Ϳʼҳ˶Сũ壬йͬ⡣
ƽǾʤһͰƽڰ˴Ūˣƽüơ

ʱ֪֪ܻسˣҵʱ°϶Һۣһϱûˡƽ˵žſصĿ

ɵۣûȼɣˣ

°ҪҸˡƽԽԽһʼѹֵʣѹֲסˣԽԽԽԽҡ

ƽʵĿ̲ס˸̡
Ҳû뵽ĸ죬˸Ŀˡ˽һ
ƽ޵Ĺֿģһˣ޳Щᡣοƽ

ƽĨһᣬûǣһӶмΪҶԸ⡣
ƽ̲סɵҲŷ֣̫ˣءҷﰡǮÿϱ
ƽʼޡ

Ǻ˿̣üһ̫ܿˡ

ۼΧĿԽԽ࣬Ͻˣƽߡ
ƽੲݣңҲлɵˣǮᣬҸм㣬м㡣ģҿ϶Ѳ˵أЩĸźˡǰϼңһʮĶءҲιһúøɻ
ƽ·ߵĲȣҲʼ״ˣѾķǰߡ

˸绰ͤ¹Ӣ칫Ҵ绰ַƽ˻ȥ
һ뵽ƽסĸңƽĸ¹Ӣ谡ܾôš
˼Ů˸ͼĸ϶˰ﲻôֹء
һ̾ζģµӡ͸òˡ

һִ˸绰˳
͸ˣ͵ַд˵ַ裬ʡǴַͲˡ
˹ֳ裬͵ˣϽ໰ϻңû
µĵͷ֪ˡǸɶ

ȻӣִУ罻һ㶼ִеλģ˵ɶɶ




39.           ˾ǡ

˾, һ·˷ܾûȥһ»𳵣裬ȸһӵ, Ÿһܱ

, ⲻҼ𡣡 , 裬͸ҿڻװͰԴǸģ治, ɶǿиɣǡ

Сӣ׼н硣ﺰ磬զôŤء˺ʱҲûо
ҽɶܲܽ㽨ܰ, Ҳǲйܼ, , ͦ˳ڣ
Ҳ㡣
һһ׷, һصû, Ǻ

⼸ûţۼˣҵ˾ǣ˷ܰ, 绹˷˰ǰҲ̲סŷˡֱһ·͵˽˵ء

, 㣬ҴԶģֲˣֱŰڴʲô𣡲ղŷŷһѣ˲ŰŪŻİɣϴü
գ۾ǰϸ

ڣֱӵҪôʵʵֲҪôϼҡ

Ҳգ۾ˣԴίͰ͵İ֪ˡ
ڻϼֵغھֵ֮䣬ѡߣھǾֵ˵ȥҲھذ

ƽѾ̸ס˹
ƽ󣬲˵ؾ;ֺܲƷõĺܲˣСĻ߳òõķҲ󶼵ñ˴ιкܲӧҲι˵˺ܲӧӲܶµ

ʱƽڷأÿһ¶Ѿ˴ˣܿˡ֣Ϳڳˡ²İ˰ĸѾ͹ˣСѾɽͷϰˡСǳˣҪӸǼᡣ
ƽЩһ飬ϵĶֿ֡

ƽʶ
Ժʹɻˡ

ǰ»úøɻ͵㡣
ЦЦĲһ䣬û̻㡣
᲻صģɾ˺¡

ŵһ£֪֪ˡӱ̳첻µز£ĻһҲˣСͰߴաСƣûڴҫ

ֶƽϸ磬㿴ҪǸ͵ˣ͸ңҸ㻻ˡ
ֱӾͰӻϼҡ

ֻζ˵ãˡ

һߣԭظˡ
ȸƽ׽һһϴĺ˽ĻΧһƬתһȦϤ˵̡Ȼ͸ƽɻż͵ʱҲúûƽ
ˣǰˣʵڡ

ɵƽںοˡ
ƽʵʵֲɵ˵ˣСأչһӦõġ
ŻҲͣƽͷɻʱӦʱʵڲ֪˵ʲôЦЦ

ôƴڻģƽøɻҲûôˡ
ֻǺƣ⺢ôһֱ˵ͣڲô˵ô໰ģһ˵Ķø˵Ļˡ

ƽֻɻˣСϡ
¹ÿϢʱƽƽɵ˳һܵˡ
ÿ죬ܷŷһˣԲΪɣһ죬ȥ档ҵסַ֪ǰͰѵַˡû˴ȥԼҲȥ

ƽÿοϱ˾رԺϱӱʹ˸
һӰ˵ˣϱһ̾

¹Ӣһοʱʱ̾ҽŲ⣬Ҳ˵ʵǸİ㿴ʱģƯĿһĿȻ
Ǻǣ˵ˣϱġ㣬ƽ
¹Ӣˣǰ˻ء

º󣬺ܲ졣ٷһأÿֵڶ硣
ڣ޳ʳõĲɹԱָʾÿζȻȥũ޳ʳðѺܲ˴룬ֻʣһЩġ

ϺܲǮһ޳ǰķǮһģĶĺܲһİһʮǮ
İһʮƽ㣬൱һһʮˣҪǲһһʮˣ˳ɱҪһô࣬ɲˡ
ⲻǹһ¹һһ٣ôһϰÿҲûʣ¶ٰǴ򹤵õĻٰ
뵽⣬ƽǸɻˡ췭أϺܲܲӧӵĶͣ

ʳǱÿܻһμµļжֻƽÿϼëһʳëһʣ뵽ƽ԰

⼦˿ǵģÿٸôҲ˿ǵģ˿ǵļƽԡ
ƽԼǷʡûؼңÿôҲֵһˡԽԽȣһҹ˵ļҲòˡƽҲֻԼ

ƽû뵽гԼԵµһ죬£ԼģĲôˡ˵СʱΣҪϼˣզˣƽԼһƤи۰Ѽȥ

ɲƽΪԼͳԹˣÿһʱԣʣµļƸƽ
ƽúбҪÿһͼˡ

ɽϵļ˺ܲͺܲӧӺ󣬿ŸˣҲߡƽܲˣɲܰ׳ô༦

һŰĿˣѧһ࣬¹Ӣ漰֪ʶһԹ˺һʼǱıʼǡ
ӢһڷܶḶ́¹ӢѾˣպȫһӢʵѧÿӢŴԺҲܸ⽻ˡ

¶ҪְˣѾ̫ˡ
죬¹Ӣ˵Ҫȥڣȥ޳ҳ´ְ

¹Ӣ֪־ȣӥ͸չ߷ɣ޳ôܹصס

ҲߣͷҸ˹

¹Ӣһ׼õķɴ飬ܷúͬȣճõķɳʶһݣ漰õģظ档
úÿɱΪ֪Ϊҿɲ뽫ȥ̽ȥ
ţ¹ӢָԿףһסģһǸӵģʡŵĵطûСӰţҪõõ͸ˣǵø

ӹԿ̲ס˱¹Ӣң˴Ǯ 㴦Ȣ㣡
¹ӢⱲӵĹˣˡ

ڶȥҳ´ְ¼ٵȸһ꣬ͺܿٽһʮĸδǰ;ʲ֣һпܣôǰ;ͷˣ

ҡͷ־ڴˡº
һѹӺߵġ㾡찲˽ҡ

¿ȰЧߺ̸ĸ״绰

ףԭ̩ξ塣н𣬳ϲ¡
ӵµĻ㱨绰̾ȥԸҵ󣬲ԸԸ⣬֮Ҫ˴ǰ

ӳ°칫ҳȥάһˡ
ôάЩܳ
ǣ㳧ĺðҿô౨ֽ۳ĺãȹձãҪ˵ﴦвŻ첻ĳﶼþȥҲҪ¹Ӣд£ԺҪɲᡣ
άЩƮڴӦУÿҶһء
ĿĴﵽǶʮǮǵܼİ
ɶǮֵǲǣάЩϢ˵ˡ
ֻðǮ˻У˴Ǯ
άһֱʣȻִҪߣҾף

ȻӻҪһʱ䣬˼ҾʰˣȻʰĻ裬ǿ϶Ҫġ




40.  ˼¹ ϱı׼   

շ˹ʸ, ƽ˵ˣҪ˼ҡ
ƽһǮǸɻҲţʱʱһ, һҪǮȥϽϱ
ƽѽĻɵ߰˰, ¹°˲ŷĻߡ

²ֹϸµĹ, ˰Ľ˵ˣξȰѰĽ, Ժÿ·ǰĽ׷Ľ
ȥַú˹ɱӯһǧٰ߰ˡʱƽһ̫, ̫ǮˣⱲҲûôǮ
һ, һɡ˶ʮ߿Ǯɽ, ʮ鹤ʡٶǮذٶడ, ĴôǮ
ƽǮ, ͷȣһ·ߵСĽĺܣʱʱͷ, ±˸٣±ˣԼµƵġ

˼ſڲ˿, صҲ˵ֱӰ¹ﲢšǵյ档

ƲֹżûϷˣôＱ
ֹֹﻹͦˣ˵ŮŮϵðԺѾвгĻˣٺҪҰְֵﲻǹȥ

ʲô㣿֣趼߿ء㻹Ÿʲô¹ŤȥţȻ϶ñЦΪʲôأôżˡ

ƽסϱֱӰѰǮϡ
¹循ŴͣɶˣôǮ
Ľ𡣡ƽʱˡ
ģ
ƽЦŵͷ
¹˲ñˣ˵Ͽʼ۾ǮǮż¿ˮõĸ˳֡˵Ǯզ˸оأ̲סġ
¹ԽԽģԽԽ˷ܣϵЦûȥƽⲻΰɡ

ƽͰϱǮϱһǮ͸˵й⣬ֻҪ¹ˣ͸ˡ
θǣǮģһ뵽ԼŬϱˣ͸ˡ

һʮߡôࣿ¹岻ţһ¹Ҳʮ൱Ĺˡ
ʮǹʣʣµĲǽ𡣡
ҲˣһҲ治ôǮ¹̲סѴƱһ顣

ˣҪߡƽüҲ֪˺òദĲ˵⺢ӻǺܺദġ
ɶ˼ô£ǲ˵ػֲˣˣ¹һֱˣòǮˣɲôˣء
ϰҪȥϷչ˵Ҫ˼ܷأҴҸɰ

¹ʹ˵ص㣡
˭ưڹĵԼһܼܲơ

ŶŶҪȥϷϰ˼ٰŸ˹ԺҪǲˣɶ¾ֱӢӡ
ƽﻹţɶص㰡ദôã˽ԼϱģʱҪʣֻϽԼ֪һ˵˾Ͷˡ

ƽһ˵ꡣ
¹ǷģžĥˣһȥǱһΣ˻ģǱߵ˽⡣
˵ؾͲ˵ˣǮĴͷЩڻֻǶֻµȵ꿪ʱµ˵ļһǧֻˣһһǧֻһУһǧٿ顣
¹ĬĬˣһ㣬һ߸ƽ߶
⻹Ƕëһļ޳ʳأҪԼأÿһֵļгҲëëһﶼ
϶ҪСģ˿ǵͷĹͲµĸҲ½ǳ㣬ҲǮˡ
ʱһµöǮعҲǧǧɾ٣һµɾͶһĹ˰

ƽͷϱĶԣף졣

˵ȥ𣿡

ƽһʼûӦʲô

ϻһȥǸɻ

УôУɻȶǿˣƽ˵ŷӦ಻˰룬ǹⲻ˹ֿϧġ
ƽϱڡ

ʲô᲻õģҪͶ·ҲӲ⹤룬һҲͿôǮ
ϰ໹ΪǮΪھվȽŸӹϺӣۿϴ͸Сѧˡ۲취ӵĻǮשʱǮˣǮҲðѺӻҹ
ţͰ⹤žˣʡÿӲǱӵġǷ˰ٿǮƵġ˵ҲʡܲӢҪˡ
һǧǶǮһǮ

ƽָͷ㣬үһúüǧƽֻһѳƱǰƮ
ϱȥ˶¿УȲ˵ǮˣΪԺһ飬Ҳ⡣
Ҷġ

¹¶ģҾӢ˵˵ȥӢ̽̽ѿڷ硣

壬˵ǮҪҪ㶫ǿӹġ
¹Цˣ赱ɲ̫ã㻹Ÿ
ƽɵЦûҵˣ˵ڶҲͦõġԴÿʮǮ󣬾͸ˡ

¹óʮǮȥЩ㣬ԣЩͺǰԵĸٸ̡
裬¹ʮǮʮ裬Ҿ˵Тģܸˡ
ƽЦġ
Ȼͷʱ䣬ҲϼҼʮǮȥҲ˸ˡԶȫչˣǼĵǮȥҲӦõġ
ƽٺ֣ġ

ǰҴű죬װĴ

һװģо£
ɣ׳㡣
Ҳذɡܾĺܸɴࡣ
˶һۣһһǰҪߡ
趯ӿ죬˵͸
үү㡣

ڶ̫Ҫ䷹¹ӢԼҴźš

¹ӢĽգգۡ
ŵ¹Ӣ۵ɴۡ

¹ӢʣʲôզĴˡ
û£ҸǱɹġ˵Ҫҡ˵赭д

¹ӢϽű󣬡Ҫ㣬ộôдˣʹʲô

ҼȽϸӣͷҸϸ˵
㻹ǡ۾ôţ
û£ͦʱûˣһ£ʡıﻵˣͷٳȥ¡
¹Ӣ

˾ôվϿܡ

˵軹ͦӣѹҪǸģǶԼе
̣¹ӢڸǰְˣһδδģںöˣǰСӴܲźأǲҪĴ򷨡ΧӵĻ㡣үӵǴʱʮ꣬͸Ҹ۸ǵĴƴȭͷ

һֶĴݺѹ˵ϡ

ʱų˵ģˡ۸ϰء˽լŹϰհȥǶռ
¹ӢƲ죬ôҸ綯ֵϰһ죬ȫƹȥˡ
ݺڵϣԣ۸ϰհŹϰհôҶ

¹ӢԲϣС

ĲΪֻ˵׳˵ˣҪ㡣

Ҹûʲô˵ġǰҸѻȥ

׳˵ˣԸԸ⣬Ҫȥ˶һۣһҪץ

ãǶ㲻ˣֻõȰ˷ſ̩ҪңҸһ˾ˡ
Ե¹Ӣ׵Ҫңȥ˵ʲôˣʰأһҰѴϵĶҺܿͻ
˵ʱ¹Ӣ֣¹Ӣգһۡ

¹ӢϣǴʲôܣ

¹ӢҲգգ۾֪ˡ
׵Ҫ㣿ò᲻İɣƲ׵Ҫ׶ӰͲ˰Ŵˡ

档

ӵû£׵Ҫ׵ģҲҳȥ򰡡

¹Ӣԭ˰
Ȼ׵Ҫ׶ûɶ£׵ܰ׶զΡ
ԭ׵Ǿ׳¹Ӣۿ衣

׵׵˵ˣ˵λٻͦҵʱڴ˲ٰءʼİԣӵܴӾһ˵ӣȢ˾ʼĸΪĸ򱧲ƽ

¹ӢôĹϣ

¹Ӣ߷߲ƽĭɵģ͵٩⼤ģ֪ĻΪء

ûĸĸ϶ҲΪ򱧲ƽĸõ˰󷽣ˮһ˰˭˲ϲϱı׼ĸġ۵죬Ҳάĸ

¹ӢЩۣȱҵĲںȻϲˮģҸģֱ첻̣˼ҹﰡ




41.  ȨǮ         ¹ӢԽ衭

¹ӢԽ, 㿴ʲôܡ

Ʋ죬׶ݣ쾹Ȼ¹ӢˡѾͷǰԽԽˣòǿѾͷ˰, ˻, ǸϽүϵ˰, ۵ġүҪǲһ϶ģҪһ߶ˣ, üȥүȥˡ

¹ӢȻһȦڰ򵥣Ӧϵ϶ŶѴϵĶ, Ӵͷβûʲô, ֱ˴ӡ

ĿһƬ, ˻ȥ, ˰봲ĽӲӵĽ
費ǰ˵үүǮȫ˸·, ʲôȻ˭·ձ, ⣬
˯ڻƽϣ, ҲѵûŰ¹ӢҡͷʧЦ
ҵͦʵ¹ӢѽװԼɷ飬֣صİҲװ˽ȥ
飬ЩѹסЩӰɣԸһۿľЩ飬ԸЩʱ̱ͷѣЩӳͷԣѪͷɳΥӷ顣
¹ӢŰԼҡ

ڳһ·룬̩ʲô֮ʲô˵ν׵Ϊõţȥʱ֮޻˵ˣ֮Ҳˡ
ѾȨԷħˡнĽڹϣȻȻ׶ȥΣյĵطξ
Ͳǳսĵλò
ǰ׶ȥˣµǣ֪̵ˣҲûֹԼ۰һСȥξ󺣡
սһ׶Ӻ˳нǺǣʲôǨ·ϵ̤ʯ
֪нװʱ᲻ǶСӣͲǾװСӵѪλ׵ǰǸʰ·簡
һһĳ̣һ뵽һˣµġ
Ҳ֪ҹֻصʱ˻𣬲ֻȨƣôܻڣֻԼû
ǵãֻ̩أμ涼ǣһ˫Ŀɨ¶ȡ
ʵǲ֪̩ʲô¡ڳһһĳ̣ò˵Ը׵棬ѹС潻
ûϴǮûȢ¹ӢûǶĽǰﰮأôء
Ӱһѡ̳ˡҲൽطˡ
˲ԼôꡣųȵĲ

̩ˣڻϳסڲӣᡣԺǱߣԴСȥͻȥԽԽˡ
ΪСӵȥԭƻ𰮵ȥӣһͶӣһʼο䣬֪ӸȥѹɽĿ͸񶾵Թʱ䲢ûиƽԽԽЪ˹쳳ͣ
λ꣬ܵɴס˲ӣײȥ
ҹ˾ʱ򣬻ǰǰ޵ĺˣнʶ壬øƵĳ֣˿Ц
ĸףǸĸ֮ý֮ԣ˵϶ϲҲᣬ˭һúÿĴҹءǶţڶׯˣ飬ܸо֮ྴܾøһ㡣̣ҪͬııģѾ̼ˣصҪǷɣҪйҪŮ˵鼤飬һǴдֵӡ
Ͳһˣ鱼ţҴ󵨣ְĽھϻ϶ܵõ㡣ֻǺ֣˴Щܰ׶ӺԼӣҪָǺǣԼˡ

˵ᣬһһĵᡣڵĲɳǰ칫ͼӡ
ŷļָ˸
ûˡ
ϲ˵û̩Ƹˡ
ô˵Ҫְó̵ϡ
Ǹӣ˳̵ƶʮ
ôɵĲģ˵ҪȥϷǮȥ

˭˵ģ

ЦЦ˵·ڳЦʵĴ⡣

֪ҪߵľôˣһӾͲ³ˣ³ˣ

Ϊأܽ޳ΪͿǵ¸ǮôΣڶ޳ķˮΪĶĴǣƾ޹ʵôóµۣǣɡ

統ͷһʼԼˡҪǲŵģҪһֱôһˡ
˭˵ԸҲã԰ҲãԼһ˴һ͡
Ŷгɼǿ̨ƨӦĲѪôûˣѵ˲һҪ£
ЦȻ㶼ô˵ˣҸԼȥһˣҵҪҿԼôͲܻķˮˡ

봳Ҳһǵⳡϴǵط㷢Ӵǡ

ĵطҲϲҾϲⳡ

ⳡǣ㲻ҲүүүүүүǣϲǮǮ´ˣɽôأ˵ٵľֵĻǵͷ

̵Ǹ㲻һǸﳤģǮи׷ĹӡҲǣɽﳤģˡҾǾǮǺá

ǮôĶͲǮܵõġʲôöǽЩλţӺúһ룬ʲô˵ͬȼλʱͻ֪ǮûõĶֵ̣һ

ЦȻǮûãôǵүǮءûүүүүЩǮΪ·ߵô˳㻹˵Ǯûã

ͣʲôžǻүүүүĺ󳾣һ̣үүǱһľֱˣҲҲȥ롣ûסЩǮٶǮҲֻл
ۿүү˵ͱˣ¶̼̫ˡ׸ҪΪ׸˵ˣξˣֻҪǹİǹֵһһ

ǰ֮Աǣһѷ˻ȵ԰ԸĨ˻װ˾ӰǮ··ˣ˵ôûʣû˺ôƵġøֻǺ¡
Ǻƽˣʱһˡ

ʲôʱһԹˡ

ֻǽЩģôˣҿ𣿡

˵ڶ֧̣ҵĻ㻹ûȥúô죬ȻŻȥϰࡣδ·Ѿ滮ˣ߾ǡˣҲ㰲źˣһսѵŮͽ飬ȻôϲǮ򽻵Ͱʲ֣Ͱ
ʼվôӾϲľִֻҪľб˯İȣЩεЩһӦҪˣŪ

ҵ²ܣܺԼСӲӾҪ⡣̩ⲻԸȻһе̬ȸʮֱꡣ

ΪǮ˾ĸ׹ˣ棬֪ɲҪүүƵģΪǮ´ˣȨһõͷܲ·ÿ˼òáûңΪʱҳĸ׺үܹô갲ӣȨɱȽǮջ˶ˣ˵ôˣô͵㲻͸أò˸һɵӰɡ

죬裬㲻䣡䰲ҵ£㰲һλĲܰɣʵҲ뿴ҰɣһңǲǾǸĵܵˣ
˵еɣҪԼ˫һ·һӱ˲ٿأź飬յģԼȥɡҪúô̼̼ΪǵĹյģԺ¹ܵ

û˵ʲôųȥˡվֺ̣ݺݳڡ
ʱͶսҲ֮١ʱнĹؼʱ̣ôһ˷飬ڸĵط˵ĶӶ͵սѵĶҪڼ
ֻĶƫģȻ۰СߵСӣѴȥξСŪ£³Ե࣬ǰȫġ
ĸӣ¾Żģ˻Ụŵģ㲻ҲҪ֤ȫ
ֻû뵽˵˲˵Сӻ

尲ţȥסСôҪȥ⣬϶еǰ϶Сˡ
ֱӸ׳н޷ĵôȥ⡣ԹŲôһˣ㲻ӾҲôȥӸĻ˵ٸĻȥŶûС
ֻȥ˰ѱˣҲûҵʲôֵǮĶֻ޹




42.           ¹ӢһҲ

¹ӢһҲû, Ĳÿһ˰඼Ҫڿһ
컹ǱһˣŶûżϻһȦݡ
ģʼҰȥҩ

ԭΪ̩ͻ˵, , һȥҹ·
, ⶼһˣÿ춨ʱͷûˡ
Ҳ, ôҲ£ȥ˳ҵһٶǮĴ⣬ûҵȻܾôŻȥĺ·Сӿ϶Ҫ·, ʱ̶ɡôһʱ䣬ĥĥ, ͨ˵

Ҫصĵ, ɵ
ڴĿͷģ, ү, Ҳүĵȵȵȵȡ˳ǺڼҪȳ˻ˣװı˹˻˹ˣЩͷͶض, ƽʱҲֻڶ˸Լˡˣͺˬ˵, ˣɻǳȥ

ſվڵСŻʮ꣬һ쵽αֱĿбӵġǺöԸ̵ܰǳ¥ףȥ찡ϸˣû׼Ҫʲôġ

˼룬ֻװСװֵ没Ȼùſ
ͽķװ꣬ʵǸҹˡ
ͷĿѣܵĺ޲ÿԼָͷԡ
죬ɵˣʶҲˡ
ڵŻĲУܵİУԺؾǻ͵͵ĻˣԽԽ
ģⱲӶҪͷأ´ζҪݵĳ˵ǰٲô
ģడͷӷ̫ܶɹ볬ԽѰǣͷӿȥһҲϣǾʮӣǻٷܶЩ꣬ﲻ໹

磬ͷʿһſڵϻԲѣϽһվڵĺ˽
Уһ㷴ӦҲûУȻһһѹ࣬Ū
һۣ㿴ҿ㣬һ˹ϸ˸˹
ûסȥүģӵĳǰСӣӼסˣ
һϵдʩ꣬ûӦǸϽ绰ϧˣߴֱͨӸҽԺ򣬺ھҽԺԶܿ˳˹̧ϳֱȥ˾ҽԺ

ҽʱתѣҽоô
ͷΣûˣܲͷܲû𡣵ÿãȻµƨˡ
ЩѪˣעһǣٺȱˮȥʳøЩԵĺȵĻҪģԺ۲һ£ûͿԳԺˡ
ĵעǣźˮʳõĳԵĺȵģ
ʿһ粽һȥʳ򷹡
СʿҲ˽ЩʳõĴ裬Сֻ࣬ҲԲ˼ӻ
ܳԵĶˣˮˮоʼָ궫ͷ˯
ҹѣʱ䣬賿һˡţպúá
һʿҲˣ붢
˵ϸ

Ҫȥ

һ˸žˣţ򲻳Ӷվֱ˵

˶һۣһ˶Ը´࣬һǰȥһڲſڵš

ҵ㣬һǾЩͷΡ

ŽСЩӣЩӸŵĸˣҪ˵͸ðcaocaoѵ£鲡ĶˡĻסʲôԺʲôҽȻƲ죬ַס

ȥϴ֣ϴֳرϾѶղһͿˡ
ϴһ͵ղСԴһӣСԴεʱȥͳײһȭͷСֱˡ
ʿϽ˽ֱӱöղһֿ׼ݡ
浱ôЩڴǰ׻İ浱ڴưôЩǰ׸İΪ
СΡϽԼҽԺ˳ȥ

صңȰϽ϶ȥȻһȥվƱŴڼٶȣ죡
ˣϽ´ʰõİܡ
ȥҴˣү˵һһʱҾǡ
˻۾֪ˡһ·СġҸѾºüҪˣǶ֪
֣صӢӽ㣬ɶ¾͸дţѾǴ˵ģӢӽҪɶҪ֪ͦ𣿡
ص֪
ȣҪͬ־֣߸ĳͬ־ߵĽˣдŸң֪װ˵绰ҪʱҴ绰֪
ٺЦ磬ǲǿӢӽˣ
Сƨôɶ˵ļסû
ס˼סˡһῴӢӽģҿ϶ͦͬ־˾̸㡣粻ģظһ顣
ţ˯ɡ
ŻԼʰ˼·ӼѾˣҲˣӦ¹Ӣˡ
ϴˢȥ¹ӢĴš
¹Ӣ⼸챾˯ȣһжˡ
·ߵſڣ
˭
ң
¹Ӣɿ
ͻ£ҹģ²ܵ˵඼ųˡ
ţ¹ӢߣϵĿ̫ˡ
ˣһѾͷҸˣҺײܳģھҪߡ
ھߣ
ңͷӴСûôңܵĵͦȥϷǮȥ˵ίͰ͡
¹ӢŶǮģ
¹Ӣͬ飬Ѷϼ£¹Ӣֻ̯֣ۡȥװƽ·СģҰ칫Ҵ绰ƽ
ŵͷ

ʲôϵǮˣϵǮأӦӦ

¹ӢѼٿ鷭ĸķۣǸ˴𣬡ǵû
ǮպãٺЦ˰пռǵøдţҰ˵绰Ǿܵ绰ϵˣдŻҪдšܶ겻Ǵ绰ܱġ
¹ӢæĲУпд⡣겻дˣ鷳ġҲҪװ绰

Ǿʹ绰绰ò˶೤ʱ䣬пվ칫Ҵ绰
¹Ӣ˰

ţһ·˳硣

ȣѧôʱӢҪǰ𣿡
¹ӢشҲûӦ
͵һڣ껹ĿƵĶ¹Ӣˡ
¹ӢӣռǮı˻ռıˡåϽߡ

аɣаɣ׾ˣ˰
˰

ߣߡ
ˣǱȥˣҴ˵Ҫȥ

֪ˣҲһܲżһˡϸиඡ

¹Ӣ Ͻߡ

ҵ˾͸绰ߺ˵䡣
¹Ӣͬ־ңң

¹ӢüôµģҲ̫ˡ

һţѿڶҲôҡϲ̫ˣ̫Ϊˣ˵ڰҲ֪Щ鰡ô˵ڵģҲ

ȣͬ־᲻᣿᲻Եãȷʵоڽжӣ

ᣬᡣ
¹Ӣ
ǣҵ˼ͬ£ھӣ㻹ҵʦôõĿΡ
ԣ˼ǣһΪʦΪҸһ

䡣ˣҪһɡ
¹ӢЦһǸһɣģϰͦ˳ڵġ

һ·˳ѽ

¹ӢЩߣ˰

ˡ




43.           ۿס

ۿ, ¹Ӣ豸ҲýˣһѵҪˡ
һڿΣ¹Ӣյ˺ܶпƬ, ил, , и㣬ռģһλͬ־Լĸ㡣
¹ӢЩѧԱΧ, ҶлһĽ̵ึ
¹Ӣʱãһû׷ѰֻһлĻҲжַΧ£¹Ӣжۿʪ, ӿ

Ҳɿ˳κ, Ϳĩ˰, ĩ

¹Ӣһ˾ֱ˼ҡ
ѿƬ͸лŴͷ㵱˯ǰ
ЩԵ, ֳһõڡʣµĴ¼ȥ, ȥһˡ

¹ƽʱרŸ˱£¹廹ÿ¼Զ٣¶ٵ, ÿ೤ʱȡ˱ֲᣬʵϣٲȻҪרҵˡ
Сɽͷϵļ½½µ, ÿһǧ
ÿ޳ʳٸʣµƽÿ綼ֳЩ򼦵̫̫һڲгſڵƽһļܿꡣ
Ȼ϶˿ǵļÿ˿ǵٵʱʮʱжʮ
¹Ӣƽ˿ǵļÿȥʣµĶȥ¼ҡ
ʱ䣬¼ҺҼûϹ¹ӢһڳԷӲ

¼ңƼĲҲǳˡ

¹·У¼ڲǼǱĲӵĶǽ
¹챻ĸųԼҲƽķգһ˵ԼͿҲû뵽һԼԵ°

ϳԷʱžֿʼᣬѹִѹأ˼ҵõ¼ˡ˼Ȼڳϰ棬ɿ϶Ķడ㿴༦
ž갵룬һԵǽ꣬Ҳ֪Ǯÿ϶٣Ȼ룬Ƕۻĸɣ
˿ǵģҲ˵õ
ƲƲ죬¹ž꽻ӹʱʱǰ೤¹ֲߣԺתۿʱ͸ߣҲ֪ǲ¹屳˵ˡ

ⴿžС֮ˣԼķõ¹˵˵ˣ¹ҲǱˡ
¹ɻ͵ﻹлһԴ¹˺󣬰ìܶ˲٣ǰΪٸ˵Ҷ˵㣬ƾʲôƾʲôǸİһЩëƤ£ÿ춼ܳòɿ¹˺󣬻ڣܸɵĻˣִˡ೤ʡ˶İһ黹˺üرء
ž꣬һԺסţ˭֪˭ˣ೤ܸ󣬰Ժ϶Ҫָǰɹˣ뵽⣬ۡ
Ȼž˺󣬰°ͳؼܣأ״Ҹ״˭ײʱ䳤˶ܳһܣƽһ̵ģֱǰģʲôй֮޲ǰ೤ͷˡ

žĻڿɲˣӲأˣ˭ҲָժԼʲôˣһҲˡ
㰮ԳԣԻȥϽߣҾķٳڡ

Դž˹ָֻǰˣǰʱĸɰۻˣɼѰžףȥѰ˹ȻԸˣӦֺţɼܲס˰װʲôڿ찡װһʱڿŬŬװһڿ죬찡˰ɣйˣţΪԼˣȽԼɡ

治Ը⿴ӣ̫ˣôһĸŮǿԺЩĸӶĽģֻӣÿαͶġ

žƲ죬ͷԷգƢԽԽˣ˵ˡҪӢ϶̿ˡ

ûסֿʼſ˵
ˣӢӣ֪ɣӣ˵ɶҲڳӸˣǮ˸棬˸СݣԶĺǽϣһʮƽСֻҴǶءСƷݣ˵ŪСһǧأɩӻء

˵ĸҲȤˣ˵׳ڼ˺һͨ˵ƫġ
˵źúõĹɣԼȥڣǮ¹ӢȻǺɻ

ӦܰɣҪϹˡ¹ӢţͷҪȥֵգ˵Ҵ˺üĳˣôҲԼľɡʳʳܰҪóԣԺ¹Ӣͳˡ

žϰԳ˥ˣû׼ϹأҿҲûȥǳԷ
ϰԷȥĵ㲻ԣԷ˲ء

žԷһ

극¹Զһˡ

ĸ¹Ӣ̾ǰӼＷĻţڵĻţںˣڼҸ˵˶ûС

¹ȥ˽󣬰Ҳȥˡɽϻһһ꣬ҲԽԽˣƽʱɽʹϻڵͷʱС㻹ŸɵĸҪʵˣƽʱӴ졣
ڼҲÿʱһ㣬¹Զһ״򲻶ģ緹һĨ죬Ůһţȥϰˡ
ƽʱոŮСһź٣ٶСһСӣڼҲרĿдҵһҲ˵ϼ仰
һϣ͸ˣֻʣ¸ĸ¹ˡ¸ͱˣһ࣬˷ɴϺ߸С̣ûһ˯ˡ

ĸڼңһ쵽˵Ķ˵Ҹ˵强ˡ
ѾͷһܻһؾͲˣһųȥ͸ﻵ˵Ƶģɾɣ֪żˡͷ͸һܻһأȻҾȥǳӾȥ

֪ˣҿ϶ѻ

˵ǮǲǸ˴٣˼ҵϰֲɵģܶǮ
˵⻹ܱȸҸɻ㣿Ҹɻ룬˽˵ģ˵ɾͲˣû׼㹤ʣǲ㷢㶼ûط˵ȥӿɱ˰æһ⻹ŪˡĸԽ˵Խġ

¹ӢЦŰܣ϶Ǯ϶Ķࡣİɣҽֲɵڲȥһٸİɣû⡣ĻϰôҲôӰæ
裬û¾ͳ䣬ȥģû°ɣ㻹ԼԼˡ

˭û°һ쵽ྣҲÿܸȺ̫̫һģôҸ̫̫ɲࡣ˵ŻԾôһɵɪ

¹Ӣǵǣһ̫̫ɱȲ㡣

⻰˵ˣԽԽˣڼƢ˵һͷӶÿɫﻹǮŮʱʱ͸ǮǶѾͷÿζ٣ͷءǮ̫̫ʱЩƮ
ĸŮ߶߶˵һѣĸһֱ¹Ӣ͵СſڣﳵˣŻͷȥϴӵȥ

ߺ󣬳ҿճλãһλûǰ칫Σλ˲˵񾭡
һϣʵİֱ·˰칫εֱ֪ͨ˰칫Ρ
֪ͨ˸ô룬϶ɫġ

ӢرЦԼܵ裬Ͳģƾʲôƽƽ
ЦһһһԲ

뷨Ĳ϶ʲô
д˵³ܿҪˣƵġ

¹Ӣţ¹ѻԲյƢðȫȥѴ⼸ʱעЩǴŻжҪע⣬ٵ˸УҰѳ涼úñһ¹Ŵ󱦣Ҫһ顣

ҲΡǲԸòյεģ쵼߸ˣͬˡ
ţҪ찲ȿɿȥֵµԱȥ˿ʲôӡ

ĵڶ£ǽ޳ҪٰԼᣬÿÿ鶼ҪĿ
¾ͽάۿһ¾͹ˣʱأϣϣѽĿȡѡУ¶ĺûᡣˣӻĹŵɲҪ˼ǰϣҾԲܣϣȡѳӵĵһģ




44.           ٰġ

ٰ֪ͨһ·, ȫ̸ۡ
иĿһ굽ͷм˷ֵܵø˵ˡ

˵ĹŵأǶǸ쵼, ӵıݽĿ, ǿ۸, Ҳ֪ʱô𡣡
ðɣΪɶãʱҾͰҹŮ, ۡ
Լܱأ㱨
Ϊɶһѡأ, 
ɶҲᰡ
һᱳƿұƿ
һᱳʫء
ͱһ
һйᡣ

޳ķΧۼĻ
˻, ¹Ұ೤, ᳪ裬СͰԺС
¼ҽ˳඼¼, ¼ұĲ˵, ˡ
¸ֵܽĸһһ磬һã˳öá¸ʱСһö, ɤӻãĹš
¸Ϸ裬, ĺãһŽĹšүүȥ˵Ϸӣ¾ܻŷ磬˵ʲôҲţȥ
Ϊ¶¸һֱԹأ䲻˵Թأÿγǳüʱʮа˾ľ£Թлڣڣûûһһӵź
Ϊүүƫ磬˶׽Դͱ˳˷ڣ¸ͺٻȥԴүү̹¸͸Ǳϵˡ

¹ӢóúãɤҲã¹ɤ
СͰ԰ڣû¾ͰվСǰǳ衣ΧһȦС̾Ľص⣬ظˡ
־һȦС֮һÿ¹һ裬ͼǰţЦɵģɵ֡
¹һ꣬ʹƣСãǴĳĶá
ʱ¹ҪǸһСһ졣

¹һ˻кܶࡣ

豸˵ҪݸСƷ
˹ϵͲ١иܸɵĴ˼˲٣һŶЩˡ
զģɲֱղһû׼ͱ߳豸ˣ豸һһҲûν¹ӢԼҲܰѻˡǲʵèţզΡ
ʱ˻ҵ٩Ȳͷǵ¹Ӣոˡ

лȺϾϹѧģﻹīˮģѹеһЩ±СƷÿû˼˾ڰ칫ݣ¹ӢŻͦ˼

άæĽŲմأͷҪͺˣô̵ʱ䣬ҪųأѡĿݣҪдݽ壬Ҫλ׼Ҫû᳡
ͷöֻ¹Ӣæдݽ塣¹Ӣдˣ޸ɾУԵˡ
ٺ¹ӢѡĿ

ά˴ʱ׼ͽнĿԤѡ
ǰʳö㡣άڻʳöˡ
ǲû᳡ѡĿǲţҪ

ĿԤѡ죬ܱûģֻҪûϰĶ֣ȻеĻ̰ˣö˱أѾڰ빤״̬ˣ˭֡

Ŵ󱦴Ա߽ʳáŴûʲôգҪǴֵµ˹˳ġ
±ĸ飬Ŀ˵Ҫ裬һ˵ҪħŴͳͳ汻ѡˣҲǸ峤¡

¹һʳþͿˣһڵУľͷһ룬ٲôˣ̨ʱҲܴݵˡ

¹ǣ󺣰磬һ꣬ķ׷׹ơ

ѾͷɤģҲãôѵϸģάܿģ

ﴦá

ãάȷʵȣһ쵽ţû¹ֻ֪ǵλ⻹ͷһءѹֳôãҲƯԭð
άԴţȷʵǸӰĿ϶ùء
˵㻹Ը⣬Ҫԣҿɤͦʰ

άôһ˵¹Ӣ¹Ըͦʺϸģúÿ鶯ãеСȸӦÿԣһվһЦžϲ㲻ѡ˲յ𣿡
¹ӢЩԥʱ̫¹Ϊ¸նϡϾ㵱ˣҲһʱģһʵʺô

άƱϵ۾ҪˣкüѡҲкü󵽵˭˻ûҿԭˣ϶˭˭ϡã¹ӢӢͦʺϵ˵ģκãѹסһԸ⣬һѹӰ

ȻôҲǸᡣ
¹ӢҪԣ͸Ǽıѡһ龺ѡһ¡ͰˢɱΪʲôΪѵġ

ά֣ãͰּϣҿǿ˵ĿԺܴ󡣡

¹Ҳû뵽볪ģû뵽лᵱˣ˵˶ҪˡҪܵˣܳݽĿⳡ̡ûַͷðݡ

ʱЩæֹˣʱ仹æдƻ飬úγļɣٵ˵ģģڼĵȵȵȵȡҪŪһͷ񣬷˴Ĳȫʾȥ˭ͷǮΪֹҪѳӵķò׸һģѳӵĴͷѹȥ
տ᳡һЦģţߣİɣְɣȹǺơûˣǻŭء

¹浱ˡ

ĺ̨¹Ӣڸ¹ױʵ¹ԼԼױ̫Ҳ̶ˣȦⶼϷˡ
¹Ӣϴɾ»һµױݡ

¹վھǰ᲻öط̫ˣҲ̫ˣŮ˰ɡ

һ׷ܹ¹ӢױĹŵĻױʦܹ¹Ӣױˡ

¹Ӣһ˲㼷ֻܴһŶӣһһĿ˳ϳǰ档ҪȻ˭ˡ
¹ӢϾôôֵͦʱʦˣһһܻ࣬ͦˡ
ΧϳĶԹ
¹Ӣ߸һױʱһ¹Ϊȳˡ

źöˣ¹һԼţԼ

һǰһ̨
̨ǧˣǰһǳӵĸλ쵼

¹һ̨̨ǧ˹Ƶģڵģ໺ģʱһҲ˵ʲôǸ˵¡

¹ļֻ̣һһĳӿûһƬհףֻһƬ׹⡣

Ҳͷһξֳ棬ǰŵʱ򣬶Ů˿˵һ䣬Ȼһ䡣Ů˲˵Ҳҿڡ˵ô̵ʱܰԼ̨ʱͲˣŮ˵̨ҲֻǴڶ׶ΣҲܽţԺﶼԼ̨ʣһһ飬ֻϣʱ𶶡Թ˲ϾˣĻ˵

¹Ӣں̨ǰ̨¹þòǻ᳡ҵն
άǰ̨Ｑץֱš

¹ӢϽƿǰŻױˣ˼ѡŻͲ̨ˡ
¹Ӣס¹̨֣ʡ

¹֣Ϥ̨ʣԵİ׹⽥ȥʼת

޳ٰĺܳɹ˿ͷС
¹ֵҲɹ˿һΣһ˸оֵԽԽá߸һߣǳˮƽŶǹĹŵĸ֣ó쵼͹Ƕɡ




45.  һһϲһ         ¹𡭡

¹Ӣӵһ㲻ϺϢѵЧ, еڶڡ
¹Ӣ

¹ӢԸתһ£͸߳£Ҫһ豸顣
һֻ̼ܽʮ, ɳͲһ, ȫ豸Ĺ, 豸߶ܸ氡
¹Ӣһ̰ҲˡͷڲһЩͼСڣЩͼֻ, Ū΢鷳㣬ϿԳջ

Ҫǿ鿴أҪֻܿ׻Ҫʦɶںö鿴׵֣ǼַģΪɶ̳ôʱ䰡, Ϊⷽ治С

¹ӢϽһ׻ܶװǳ, ֲСѧ, лһһҲŪ, дĿ϶, һоһ¶ܿסٲãҲҰ

ܳ

굽һҰɡ

³˼Ƭ̣
ã㰲ĳ, ѵȰˡ
ʱ飬Ҳǣ޳˭˭˭ܳ, ĺ鰡޳Ҳһ¥Ҳڼˡ

¹Ӣһɣ찡ĩסˡ

㲻ȥҲ֪ҪĸҪñ˼©ˡñ˼Լ©ﲻʹ졣ȥ⽲ʦأ޳ʧȥ⽲ʦĲźϧ޳ûкʵѡˡ

¹Ӣ룬˭˭ȥɣټˣ۾

¹ĺ
ڶ޳һӳˣδͬ־ڡ֪⻹´ãһ˵Ƶģ¹ǰʹա
´ǲ´ûǿ׷һµġ
¹۹ɸߣЩ˻ûϵġ
׷õ¡¹ÿ¶ãԼվӶоԼֵһ̨ףðݣôԽԽԽԽÿء
о˶ҪƮ˵ǣĹŵľȻˡ
ǾǾĹŰ
¹Ըʱ¹͵ͷȻԸȥ

ֻԸ⻹УĹŻҪڰ˴˲С

ĹŻ¹ӢȥĹŵױʦ˻ȥ
Ŷúһ豸ӵҪ˲ȥǸź˵Ļȥǣö󰡣ҽҵĵɽȥǸƻȥǴ
ڳ¿˻ױź˵Ļộ˵

ĹˣʶΪʶźݺһĭӣΪӲڲˣ͸۸ˡ

Ĺŵ̫ԵˣڲʱƢһһû䡣ӲļһҲ͸ôڲӴǰǹԵĸСƵġ
˵ˣϴô֪˼ҲԸⰡĸŮĹŰǶԴＷ
Ҫų濴¹¹ӢˣŲһء
εص¹¹Ӣ²žˣøϻһ䣬Ųأ

Ҫ˵ҲˣºάĹŵųʶβصĹŵ޳ݽĿά˵ʲôҲҪųٳֵᵽô»øһøĽ
޳ʱ϶ҪĹݳʱųҲпգͱάˡһͷֺˡ
Ψһǣ޳ֻӦ¹

¸ӴĹŵ˵ʱ״ΡĹţʱ밡ٴص˵
ʱûɵ룬ѾͷˣѾͷĹˣ¸Щز

¼ϵ汲ȥˣһӣ붼ǹˣû˼⣬û鷸ƶ׼ļ¼ҼͥԱ¹ӢǵԱ
˳ˡ

¹ӵĹ¼ȡ֪ͨ죬¸˵ͨ죬޲ұڷš
ǰ¸ʹ¹Ժתʱʱ㣬ԺѵĶүǡ

¸Ҳ˶ֱĸ洫ҳһΡԺĹţɾˡ

ԶԶԣ죬ҳһóʱûѾͷˡ
ԶԶԡΧ˶׷׸͡

¹ҲŤһ˦ӾͿʼĸƮ˳Ĺ¼ȡˡ

¸չüͷΧ˶̾ȷʵĺãѹֱĹſء
¼ۿһһˣǶѾͷˣѾͷҲϢˣ¼ۿҪ˰û뵽ͷ

ڼҶ⣬캢ǶˣҪڵĽӣըӡ
ž걻վڸǰһ̯⡣ܷģûģʹ͵ʹѵ͵ѵ

¹¹Ӣһˣһ档
ǰѽǱߵһأýҲԶٷ
û£һӻȥǱû˿Ųġ
ž죺Ǹɻһ굽ͷϢʱ䶼ûУ

бۺݺݵžһۡ
žӣ˵ˡڲƢԽԽˣ¼öأɲ밤ҽôóԵģɲ뱻Ÿߡ

ĸžʵˣŤͷ⿴
봰¹ĸƮ˽ȥܿ¸һЦݡ
Ů²ۣһĹ¼ȡֵɪģһܵɪͷҲˡ

һԹ¹Ѿͷǰϸ඼һµĲżңȥĹŲһ겻ż˰

¹¸ýţĸĻϽģһпտ϶㡣
ĸ⻰Ūء
¹¹ӢһۣЦ⻰Ҳš

¼ڣӢȴôùֱ˥㡣
˭Ҳû뵽յĵһѻȻյӢϡ
ӢͻǱϵҹߵҪ°࣬ʱıȽҲʱһͲˣһΪ̫ûϢã첿ȷʵûʲôµ£ܰڼҲܵ˵ӢһԹ൱ˡ

Ӣûⲻ͸ץסˡ

ӢʱᣬԼɷˣС˺ӣȻںӻûѾõ֤ݣ¶Ҫˡ
˸죬ɷСһա

ӢǸ߼ޣżлɷлɣһӶڻصλϰࡣ
źСӱͲദͿӢһֱԹΪɲҪӣž͸ûɫˣټΪӵ£ɷҲվߣżҵӲùûб濴ôʡ
лɳ˺£㻹ԣҲܴպϹȥڣֻңҺûҪӡ

ֻҪˣĸ϶ģ϶ҲҪԸĸָָ㡣һ뵽ЩӢͲܣТ˽ˡ

ӢĸǶ޳СѧʦǴѧʦΪѧģڼѡ
ӢĸǶ޳ŮΪɷԭ򣬹ûˣҪʱʱɷν֡
ӢŴһǼĶŮЩǵľر
Ӣˣȥ˺԰塣˾¼ѣɶ˵µ˵ȳùϲĥˡ

Ҳϼҡʶˡֻĸز׵Ҳתл˳ǡ
سꡣ֪ҲܻسǵĻ֪߻Ļܸлɽ顣

ӢһƬż̸Уȿ϶Ҫ飬лҪ顣
лϲӢģҪҲ᲻˸ĸȢӢͬ飬˵ҪѺӴˣԺӢúùӡ
ӢԸ⣬ӢҲԸ⡣
лĸϲӢͲöӸӢ飬˵ϾҪˣ˵ʲôҲҪӢϽֻǮӢҪ
лĸӢƿڴҪϽҪǮŶûУûʨӴ󿪿ڣſھǮ˰㡣

ӢϽлĸ룬лĸ̫ˣѬˡ
һͥ˵ģļͥò򣿡
㲻ԸˣҰЩƬĵлǵλȥ

㣬㣬ңлĸҪ޶Ӣͷðϴ

ӢϽܼ㿴ҸҲңҪ¶ˣھüԺ˶ЩƬ

ӢлһȻӮˣƵĻţûлҰһư޲ˣѻˣû뵽ջ




46.  ʺ          Ӣ졭

Ӣһ͵˳, û϶ҪһЩϵ顣
һ͸оΧԾˣ˶ָָġ
Ӣһװ򶨵ͷ, ﻹɻ, ѵϢѾˣҲ̫, л£ײʣлҲ, Ҳû˵ڴôɡ
ѵڱ󰵰עһз紵ݶͱɢˣ˭ֱСС˾Ƶģ֪ˣҪ̫ºúɹһɹúñա

ָָǰһһžͱָӡӢܲ, 
׼֪, ֻҪϢһ, ⲻҪһأֻû뵽ô졣
Ӣܲ, ǰߡɨָÿһ, Ҫ˼סˣԺЩ˶صע

ߵʾʱһΧŸʾ

޳˶пʾϰߣ˭ö޳С¾Ͱʾءһ, ´һûлӢܰ²۶޳һ㡣

ӢôΧſ֪ʲô·ˡ
ͷҲսǰ
һӢ, ׷óһ·

Ӣ˵ķӦˣһɱ֮õԤӿͷΧ˿˿ȥʾ

ǣôһŰֵֽĸʾʾ͸Ĵֱһǰ۵֣֣
ȻǺ£
ʱӢӾͺһ£û֪Ӣʹ޵ľǴֱÿһ˹ҳйҵĴֱԤʾǼҿҪȥνˡ
ԵӢֵİֵֽĸʾʱ˶̲סһ£µļģԼҪ򶨣һĿʮпݣһɣϲԣԣǰЩѾȥˣѾǵˣǼͱƽˣ˲
ֻ޹ʳٵĸʾֻǹٵĸʾˣ漰漰ĸֻǹİˣ
ӢһӶ־ˣһ˺ʾֱҶȥѾǵˣҲǵˣ˭۸

ڳеľűֽŲˮⶼǸѧģз

Ӣһƿ˰칫ҵĴţײǽصһ칫ҵ˶һӡ

ղ̵ģǲвҵĹ㲻֪ȫ˭֪ǳģÿ»ɵϢʱ䣬ЩҲǳ˵ģ͸񾭲㣬û¾ҷͣ˾͸ҧӢŰ˺ĸʾ˦˲һͷŲվһ硣

ɨӹʾվͷŸɾ㣬ûˣ㻹Ǵأ㻹˽ӴأʣҲ˼Ц㲻ֹ㻹Ǹ㲻ԴΪְذɡΪ룬ͲΪ룿˶ܿ˷Ѿ㲻ܣʲôоϹ ûһ׾ûУŴӳȡôģôϴģͷģþˣӷģֻʾˣȫؼɰʱ°࣬ƾʲô㲻У㲻ܿ˷ѣǰ칫ΣҲԺðʱϰ࣬ٲؼɣҾʾ㹤ʣ

ǺǣӢЦЯС
ѺиϰߣΧֵˣ᲻ԾעţЩģ۸˵ģϹģصעǵһһڱϣ͵źʱؼʱ̺øһ
ҲǱ۸ˣܵѧᱣԼǡ

Ӣ𣬡Ҳ˵ǰˣ˵һɣ19842£޹ʿ3죬3޹ʿ4죬5£12޹ʿ6졣ȥһһ48죬189죬˶ɳ̬ѽ
ܽأøеˣһ˿û
⻹ֻȥģǰģҪҪǰףֻ·ݾ޹ʿ17죬찡

ձϵף߳ŭ໰ѿڶ죬ˣϼˣһͻӣµĸÿȱ˵Ļأô˵ÿ춼Ҫλɣȱ絽һСʱأһôˣô˵ÿ춼ȱ˵Ļأˣ

Ӣ䵭Ӣ˾̳ء

ڵָӢ˵ʲôأǲأΪףƨԣҷƨǳƨأŷƨƨųƨ

ӢֱۣӸ½Ӣ˾׳ա

۾ˣҲ֪Ӣ϶ˡ
ˣƣЬιֵ£Ϊ˼괦˵Ӣţƣˣģǰسǵģ㣬̣˶ٻأҪƾɶǰسǣƣЬһװʲôأ
һֲָͣӢӢԽԽ޲ðĭӢϣӢһѡ

ܺã֫Ӵˡ
Ӣлһӻһ˴򲻹лһӣ򲻹հһǲմҴġ
ȶΧΧ۵ķ˺ݻĿɨΧһȦˣ˭ҪǸҲ֣Ҿ͸ݣľ;֡
Χɨķ׷׺һ

ȳ½ӵϢʱѾһˡ

Ӣûƣѹˡ
ҲǹĦũ帾ŮܵˣԺЩ˳۵۸ȫҵ˶˰˰ٱˡ˴Ҫ죬һ߷˲գѲڵϣһֱûһֱڵϴ
ձ໽Уȣӱ˺üţŶӣͻɲ
ӢͲʼįָӡ

մĳ˵һԣһϵǿиɣ治аôһֱӢѹŴ򣬻ûһ۵ģҲˣ˵ˣֻʣصĿޡ

Χһʼſֵ̬ģͷ׷װЩµĿӢ

ֻʣյĿͲҽ󣬾ԵòոˣΧҲ¶ˣûһ˸ǰˡ

Ӣ˶Ҳˣڰ칫ελͷĿգˣҲλã

ԴߺӢ޳ܾ˵ʲôѾ˴ְĴ㡣ȻһΧ˿϶Ҫ۷׷ףˣڴǰʧˣĸô΢徻Щ
ָһᶨְľġ
ҲҪȥڡҪȥ

ڴ࿴⣬ĸҲͦϲġ
еλҲԺùúҲӴᵹǮԼլ൱ڵֻƢ̫ãʾùСˡܣ׺ݺ
Ӣ;ãһаȫСӡܡƢŲᱻ۸ǲԾͣϣʱʱעϲˡ
Ҳû뵽һ죬ĸȥ͡
ϲģ룬ҪǸ飬϶ỤһӵģҲһӣҲΪŮٳּĸģҲҪģţϲġ
ɣ࿴յ˸׵ţĸزҪ̻س̽˳ǣ֪׵תڸһλѵİ£˶޳˳ûǱϵ
࿴¾Ͳ֮ˡ

һˣٴڶΣȻ飬֪䲻ˣŬһ£ȥһԣԼһᡣŵ̬Լ벻һҵһǮΣҪ¡˭ǮأԴΪʲôиߵľ׷ء
ʮ꣬ź˲źڣһԼΪʲôûŬΪʲôûһ

ӢҪְȫ𾪡ӢʧвŸɵģԶ޳˵Ǻ°ʲôʱ޳Ĵôˣ˶Ҫְˣ

Ȼ÷ˣгĲףӢһֲٳֵģӢһӣгһ̯˭ɣ
ȥһ˵Ӣܸ۵ˣҵˣӢĲŸ𣿺гӰ

ĲУڰѲպһ١ŻӢҪˣ칫ҲͱˣҲҹ
ίֱᣬô˵棬һٲ˵򲻰ˣίĲУˣԺô칫Σôڳǰ̧ͷҪ
տˡ

Ӣˡ
ճͣ




47.  ڿشѡ         ᡭ

, ٴհ칫һְ
쵼ӻѾˣͷԣҪôҲûͬ⣬ҪôȨ
մ״ʵĻ, », ˭Ҳ֪, ǲհ
±ЩìܣһŰ˲գһִŽ, ´»СС»ˡ
ôҲҪ쵼ӻϰѰյҪһ
ͷһԣˣ˭֪Сӱʲôڽ, ֱ¡

˵ȫž, ЩǸǰ缦, յȥҲܾİ˵ʲô, оʲô, ھǴǾͺˣǽͺˣҪι

ǳȴ˳˵Ļһס
, ģҪᣬΪһδһӴǡ
ǰǰɲ, Ժ̴ĵϿҪһˣԺ·Ҫˡ˵ôᣬֿϧġ

ţҪ˲գƳҲԸ⡣¸û˿ˡ

άʱð˳һӢֲû˻˵Ӣˡ´ҲӢﰡӢ
˵ͷ⵹ǡ
ǰǰ

ʱ쵼ˡ
ҿҲǣо´ȶϡ 
´ȵţȵʵˣٽ

¹Ӣ˵Ӣﲻ۰
Ա߶һά޲һţ

С£أ¹ӢǳһģţֻҪڣ¹ӢᵣģԶߣҲûرżȻڴˣǾȽ۵¡

¹ӢҾӢﻹУⷽĲ˽⣬ʲôʱ֡Ҫʱ䵱룬ܴôܴǸг۴һ˽ˣܱװɡ
¹Ӣȷʵ̫Ѿһ̯ⷽĲ˽ⰡɱҹԴ˳ӵ£˵ˣķģû׼־͸ýˣǰæһһʱҪӡȾ豸ֿˣܲܰµˣӵ豸ҲôһˣҪ飬ûôྫ۰ǽԼһ̯¶ɣɱͷץͷá
¹ӢӣԸⰡܴԸ⣬һԾԾԣҪ¹ӢԸû׼ܳûѺгԺ۾һͳµľˣ⼸ӢѹǴɶɲɶȲ˵˲ɲһѹһͷˣԣܰѺгӹ
Ҫǽ˺гҸ滻¹Ӣ͵ˣ˵ڶӢҲһ֪˽͵͵ѧأö൥ʶˣǲ̫ᷢ˵á

¿¹ӢٿҪͲסĺ޲̿ڰѲӦܴҲǲС

Ҳûᷴʱ

쵹뷴ԣκͷûкʵ˰ܼˡ
뷨Ļ治٣ܴˡܴϲɫı飬֪жˡ

ܴţɢ˻´úྣάά´Լѹʱ´ЩȥԺʱʱ͸´ЩԼĳԵȥЩԵϵˣԼģҲ±˵

۵ʱˣҲһ

£Ǽ˵Ĳյ£ڲգҪġ 
ֿڣǵλǷش󣬲Ż⣬С£ȻӰ첻ãûôأܲСͬ־Ժ·ɣ̫ˣҪͼǹһΣǲ̫ͬյģҪôԺ󴦳ǻôĸɻв񲻶ıˣ
Ǽᶨվڳߵģǰǰ

Ұš

üͷ壺˵²ҪҰɣ£
´ʱѾ¶ҪˣŸأܲΪץסѱ

ڶദ缦Χ۴ǵĽҳһ㶯ǿˣˡǲ񡭡

¹ӢüͷҲĥųûģǲԸ⿴µùģô˵¶Ҫ浹ų̀ˣɾͳ׶ˡ
Ҫǳڿشڵ̫̫󣬰칫ҲøɣǳڿشѳӼɣмЧЩֳԺ͸ʳúͳЩаŽӴһ飬ôһȨ̫ܲǺ£ⲿŵĴ಻ûĲݰʱ϶ǳӡ

»û˵˼ĿԺͳڿشס
˼ȶˣһڼȳ´ӻ˼ȳ¶Ŀ졣
ѳ˰ڿشζţӶһְλ
λкʵ˰Ű¿аãڿش¿Уǰǵ˵ڿش

ʱû˵ڿش£һ£ȻҪ֣Ǿͳװѳܿˣ÷ֵĶֳʳһҲҪֳʳþӦõҲǳʳþȻһֱ鳧ܣ
ˮľʳˣ˵ģʳòɹһ鶼²٣ÿʣµЩʳġʳõЩˣĸǷʵˣʹס

һʳãһ񣬸Ͻ֧֣ԣʳһ÷ֳ
ҲͲʳһˡŰʳø˾취ȥʳȥԺʳ񲻾˵㣬

Ȩŷ˳ҵףôԺ϶εˣǳװƽˡҲñˣԺ͵ųΣЩҪӻˡԲնáǣһӣ϶Ҫóʳһˣֻ֪ҪڿشǲǶڿشҲʲô˼Ҫͷǻҧε²Ű
ʳν˭ʳãٶҪЩģʳһҲǲУ̵ˮ㡣
ֻ²ôʹӦ£ҪҪǾôʹӦˣñһҪӵʲôͷԡὨˣ͵ʹӦ£
ôҲҪΪһôԸܸһҲóʹˣ
ֻڣûͼķˡ
Ȼ¹Ӣģ±Ŀ⿴¹Ӣ

¹Ӣ쵼񡭡
¹ӢԸתˣλ˼Ҫǳ£ҪڳµλϣôȨףʲô뷨

¹Ӣ˹Ŀڣ ҾʳûҪ鳧ܣȣоˣôʳûô©ΣҪǷڿشϵĵһ᲻٣ʳô´ˣûҪ˷ʳˡʳÿԼһʼĹԺʳòɹĶҪʼļ飬Ҳƶһ׼׼ϸʳԺܽʳãôλ쵼ÿ𣿡
ȱȫ˳ӣֶԳЭԺϽƲˣʳõķԲǰˣԺɱ𵨴û˵ķιǰǧ˵İȫԻ˿ɲġʳüӸʼ칤Ժòպȥɡ

¶¹Ӣ⣬ġ

Ǻ⣬ȻǲˣֻǿƼˣΪһ²ɹôɹֻ˸ߣͲ˵㰡˵ʳˣڳﰡ

뿪ȡһ£ֹˡ

죺ǺǣӸʼĻڣ˼ǻͷʳҪˣ±ߵ˻õ¡ôûô̵õһΣ̴Ĺġ
Ϊȫ˺λİȫ룬Ըе˵ĴȻ

¿һӶ˭֪˭ѽװʲôΰأʶ˵

ºȻʳ¾ô¡

ϣǲӦͬʱڿشҲ˵˵ɱʲô¶ռţʳһЭˣڿشڱصã±ӸʳʼͰˣεĨƽҲҪڿشλó

£Ȼǵڿش

ʱյʾ⣬ºٺһЦˣǴ긱ڿشԷ䵽Ҵһֱ죬´һҲǴѧڼһֱҵҵڿҿΪסȫʤδһְڿشȻ˵´ңҲʵȨˣ㿴Щ£ҲǸȥǼˡ

¹ӢڼĲ쵼İǰѳ־ΰPKȥ˰ɡ

ᵽ̲꣬ס˿¹Ӣ´ͬʱĳǴѧеġ´ţ⼸ѧԲˡ

üڿش»Ҫ飬ͷٿ쵼ӻᣬúúϼƺϼƣҲ˵žġڵ˭ڿشҲҪ顣

ͷС
ô飬ڿش϶ҪҪǸҸ㻨ͰѳСλ̻£СӾȻŵİ۴˵¸ͱȥܴƨð²Ÿܴ֣ǣǲҲðһƤܲ˳Ĵ޳

Ҳڰ͸鲻òλһʱѶϣﻢ²˵Ҫ칥ӵءڣ˵Ҫ˳Ǩڳ죬ߺ󣬳γʰɡ




48.  ʧ         һг䶨

һг䶨Ѿǰº, ձס˰칫ελӣȨǰиͷˡ
±ȥ, βһ, û˿ס, ڳ¸ǰ˹䡣
Ҳ˰칫Σÿ͸˼ѪƵ, һɣմͷˣҲбʾɣȻԲյӣû׼ʰľˡ
˼ÿһӸϰ, ɲǵ磬Ѿˡ
˰в, òҹ˰, ֪ĻΪҹءǲ֪ջǱͻҹɵĿĲô, ЩЩҹıĥĿ಻, ´ûĲվͳˡ
絽絽ɣҲŲջŬ˼, ˵Ҳû˭Ųɣ˭֪ͻȻװ
մҹľͰѸʾȥˣ˭Ҳû˵
ӢҲ硣ǵһ㡣
ǵʱ, Ѿ˰

ڳ¸ǰһͲָ췢ʹˡ˭֪Ի·ôͬѰ˶ÿյԿǿʲôˣʲôôô⣬ʵ벻ۡ
˵ˣҲòԿˣҪǸеģһӸˡ

ȷʵֲͷϡ¾Ű˲գͰһ˳µڲų̂λ칫ζˣ칫ˣ±ðһ˵볧ңŽڿشˡ

³ڿش˳ڿش

սǻ¹ӢߵĻǺܽģϵҲã˻һᣬһȥʳóԷ
¹Ӣż˾Զˣٺ¹Ӣ˴һֱԽУԼ¹ӢĿ̬Щ̬Ҳˡٺ칫˼ļһüһ۵ģϵԽԽ

ƽʱ¹ӢǲкģܶͶ㣬㲻Ŵк´ôоò鲻ԸġһֱԼ¹Ӣյǻ滹Ƕ¹Ӣǿ¹Ӣѹһͷôһ죬Ҳᷴģ¹Ӣȥڵ¡
սʱȣ仯̫ˣսʱ泯شѧѾܻˣͷҲˣüͿſں죬СƤЬǴŹҲܵסһഺʱУѾһְӢˣ˴ݹһ侢

üˡ
Ժ¹ӢȽϵʱٲ˵¹Ӣ˰ɣǣЩۿ˵͵Ժ󻹸ҽұﳰЦȲ¹Ӣʰǣ
ӼʱͦزƤЬյ豸ǰػ˺ü⣬豸飬¹Ӣڸʲôûע⵽
ڿشڶ¥Աߣԭǳҷģⲻڳڿشˡ豸档
λϲⲻ൱ÿ¹ӢȽˣͿģÿ춼Ҫڰ칫߼Ȧ

յ¹Ӣ¥رԡ

ʱŲ٣۾˶˽ѵҲˣѧˡ

ԼлȺƾơ
ƾƣܿơ
˵ѧŮģȻŮλˡưĿ¹Ӣ߷ֱȥܸоԼ֮λءȫ˭ΰŮǰȵˣ˭ﲻֹһүǣȲϸŮˡ

лȺοʲô¹ӢڻǶͷ˾أ˵ʲôˡ˰զ˵զ˵ȥܲˣڹҲͣҿЩ˾Ǽǹʸߣﲻ۹˵ʲôأ͵ƨˡ
һھƣ˵ôûɹСء
л˿ھƣҲ˵ûһһ鹤¹Ӣķڷģȷʵл˸Ĵָ
¹ӢҲǼһ˼Ҳͳ˼оɹˮƽǼ֮ˣֻ˼ڲڼˡ꣬治ƾʲôȥǿˣƾʲôƾ磿ƾ᣿ƾһͣˮƽءȥҾǲ
ˣȾơ
Ⱦơ
˺Ⱦƺȵҹɢ˸ظҡ

¹Ӣ豸˰Ѷ޳豸׼һѾ¿ˣýӵ˺쳧ĵ绰
ʮˣԵĶӪҲˣر죬ͷʹڣԭȸ¹Ӣƽߣڸ¹Ӣһͷ࣬һӴڼҵܱܵڼҸˡҲԺǸСˡ
¹Ӣվһ飬ͷ˵ˡ¹Ӣȥ˺ȥڣܿ׸硣
үүӺͽиͷȲչԼЩҩ裬¹ӢǴȥ

ǰ¹Ӣ¼ңҪĸ˵һ
¼¥ʱ֡żͷǰߡ

ȻǸӣǵãҲǾһСӰԳָүİڻʱǾʲôôݲеôɥˣСô۵

֣ϢСûŰȥֵСݳ˼طأζȷʵǴ˼ĳգҪɴĸȥСݳԵˡ

ӢӻˣֳЦ֧֧ģءһ˰˵ˡ

¹Ӣͦƣôˣ

ڼİҲžˣôܸžһ˵һӵİ԰
¹Ӣʱ˾˵ּҵİء
¹Ӣˣĸž²İҵİ˵һ¹Ӣ

ּʱְɩСݰռˡ

Сָ飬˲˽˼ʰӣĸĬֲ˳ĺûϣɾ˵Ц˴򽻵СݵԽԽáÿµ൱
ⲻۼǮˣɩҲȥСݰæˣһȥͰĻ˹ȥ
ǮȻˣӾΪΪֿСݻôǮﲻƽˣڣȻҲپҲ١
ȻɣɩӰǮɩ˵ʲôҲֵΪ´öΧء
ˣһŭ֮£Ӷһ١
˵ҪСˡ
׳ӻСݰռˡ
˵߶ίˡ˵ˣԺ͸ֹˣСݸ˴׳ӣԺ͵û׳ˣô׳ϣ׳ҲٵڵǮ

¹Ӣѹִ֧֧ỹ㲵ģԭСݱ˰

ž꣺˵Сݣǵһءȫ׳ˡ

պҪ˵̫ˣϱ̫ˣϱ۸ͷϡ˵ž꣬ԼҲǣǰ̫ŴԶˣӾŲŸڼҲģģԺ͵ôǲʵԼĴӣ͵ͷô򣬿ڣڼҲͦͣ˽õҲҿˡҪڵ㰡Ůĵ
žӲ˵ָոʱʱһأָͷĸƻʳأɲţһţ׼˵ľܰһҸϳȥ
¹Զ͸˵ˣһӲ˻ˣûֻи˷ӵµġ

¹ӢڶĸǺøǲǣĸˣĸž͸ˣһˣ¹ӢͰǮž棬ĸٿǮ裬ɶɶɶɶίԼ

ЦļۣǰǮ˻ȥզô࣬ϻǮԼŻ

ž궢Ƕٿ鶼תˣҪˮˡ

¹ӢǮĸУİɣҳ˹ʣʱʱд£˵ȥ꽲һΣҲвͷԣء
ͷľԴһɽͷļȥɱ͸ӵķֳɣÿһǧĽˡ˵ȥ˺ڵĽˣ׵ĳɸˡ

üЦҾ˰

գ׹ŮɶҪǲգԺҿɾͲˡ

裬ҪǲգŰɣɱӢԺ治ˡž꿴ǮͲǰһӴ£Ǯء

պݺݴž֣һۣģʲôأ

ˣӢӣҿԺȥСݳԷɣ׳ûֺ֪ԼŮȥӳԷġ

¹ӢͷԺܾͲȥСݳˣȲĺòãһСݾ͵ЩˣӦģôúóԷڸʲôأҸ¥»ء

žӿڣܸʲôû¸£ҲԸȥ˵ҪԼȥҹȥⶼ೤ʱˣҲûŰԺ󲻻ڼҿɣǼԺӿɲùˣʹֶûֻһǮӿ϶ȴǰѽһ˵˲⵹ùզƲסĿأҸоǶԱȳѽžýܶ԰뷹ˡ

ȥôҵģֻ˵ʲôǮĶ࣬ĶҰˣҪ˵̫ף𳧣లȣһ˵ʽϱҲײǣУͷҵ߶߶ȥܹܴ֡
һʱ䣬ܰջҳﻰĿյŮĺã˺̸ͶͻͽվԼǺϹġ




49.  ӢӢ         Ӣְ

ӢְȥڵĻ, »ǰѾ̬ˣѾһܰ˴İһС׻ˡ
ϲǰȻǲצģƲ, ҪҲҪŵİצǡ
, Ҫĸһ, 󷽣ˮ

Ӣ˻𳵣˳ҵǡ
֪άÿܶҪȥһ, һά˳Ĺһš֪ڵĵַˡ˵Ҳ󣬺׾ҵˡ

ں͸װޡ
һʼлƹӵĸŽͻ
ͻ۵ģҲջ, һϼҵģǹźüݡ
ҲΪ˰ϼǱߵ˰, ԺҲ㡣ǵĶڷ, öˡ
һ绹ȽףǰЩȥ, ۻȢС˺, ϼͽ˺ӰΪⱲӲͻز˴½أ˭֪ĸ￪أţ߸ӡҲ, 򷿣ҪϼҵźӽӵԺͷˡ
綼˻Űæ˸װ޷ӡ
, װ޲ô𣬴һˢذһ̣ûʲô˭ɻǸɰôʶ˺ר˻ؾƣ˵ԺҪװ޵£˵ⲻ˸װء
ܸҲˡ
ֻҲû뵽һ½ģûʲôװⷽ澹Ȼô½Ի
װõ׷һȦװЧȫ󰡡ԭװҲôŵԭװҲװôߴϣסôªѽװޣԼסķװһˡ
װޣܸˣⷿװ޵ģ̫ˡ

¹ӢĴ̵£Ҳ۹ⳬǰʱǰˣ¹ӢЩװ޷Чͼ͹õˣ㹻װţƵˡ
ؼһʵƸĽĸʵãһЩСϸҲװرá

Ȼ翴װ޺ǴΪ⣬۵ļҲҪ֪۵ļҿרƹġ
Ÿڷ￴װޣԱ߸ǽ⡣
ҲˣһΪʲôװΪʲôһ̨ӣðڷʲôҾߣôڷţĸλĸطðøʲô˵ͷͷǵĸеΪȣ⣬⻹Ǹˮʦ˵̫еˣ̫ŷˡû뵽½ˮİ
Ŷ׹Ŀ࿴ˣԭôز¶
װ޵ľԵرߴϣˮһӳ֣Ǹоⷿӵװ޷Χͬˣһۡ
λҾߵĻиˡӲҪǮ
ˮլǶҪԺﻨǮģЩģɲ׵ЩˮġǮǿ϶ġ

һڴ졣һҵˮƽμ˰ԺҪշѰշѵ˵Ե۲ϵˡ

ɹ°𷿵ǶǮˣס˭ҲװǮǮŷˮһ˼װ޵ôôãǵģܲ
ܽҵҪ󣬸Լװ޷ʱкÿʵãټˮ֣ǮҵܲĶ𡣹ҲҪװԽ˵ԽϵƷλԺ˭ԼֻͣĽķݡ
ŶǼҵ׷Ӹװˡ

һװޡǿǸַװͼҪرĳˣЩļǺ޲̾ͰѼװˡһЩͥŮˣͷĴߡ

زˣֻ˾ûûҹĸҲõ⡣
ɴװ޹˾˶ʮˣϼҽǰֵܡ

Ӣʱճװ޹˾һ˸ɵȻģһĲүǣù˾ȱôһںͺڵġ
Ӣĵνûһбˡ
ͿĶˡյʱ;ӢģһһЦӽ㻹·ءֻʱͻС̫ʲôϲҲñʲôģӢͽĺϲӢƨɺɻ
ӢûúͻسˣټʱǳɴСˣ˼Ѿ̸ۼޣҪΪ˸ˡ
һСӾûǰˡ

Ů˶ĵطǷǾͶ࣬޳һȺĸŮһ˫˫۾ÿ춼ɨɨȥҰԡִ񾭵ģ˶޳ȺǶ£޲ƵߡȺǾͰЩСӴСϱĿеĻ䣬ԶģĸԶ˵˾仰û׼һȥˣҲţĶܵ٩㵽ģܰҲڻ˵ܵ٩ˡ˵Ҫ׷ˣ˵˵£û׼ȺǸǣأǣûȺˣӲŸֱ翴룬ڳǶ˭ٴɫģ˵лͦá
Ǹ¹Ӣڼ˲Ż˵Щ˳Ӷװӡ˵ӢˣԴӢûٸӢ˵ʲôˣ¸鷳ӢҲû˵
ôȥӢˣҲ䵭٣μ棬Ӣ΢΢һЦоĴֻˡ

ˣлˣ˺ӡ
վ˵ͻؾһȥ
ӢЦסȥʲôҶˣԺҸûϵˣԺҲͿھģҾʹְˣûطȥҾˣǲ᲻ӭɣ˵Ӣϡ
ᣬôᣬȱأӢôܸɣ֮ءǰɣ硣ʹʹɫӢ˫ֺʮ

Ӣ磬˵Сһ꣬ô

ˣ˵ʲôҰѳ˵ǰͷɻɲȶ޳ǿȴʱܻûûҹʱɱп۵ģҪӿܲ˾ͳ˵Һұˡ˾һԭ򣬿ϸܳԿ࣬⣬Ǳ׳־ģ۹Ѿˣ˰ȥ뷨Ĺ˾չ׳ʱɲˡȻҲĸߣ֪ⷽġ

Ӣ㣬ȻЩЩҲడһ¶ڶ޳µĹأ˵ˣ׻н𡣡ϽӢ͡

ӢЦˣҲ³Կۣ࣬ʲôûԹ˵ϵ¸ͲгԿ࣬Щﻹ̤ʵءȻĺ˼ôߵĹʡ

ۣĴ˵̫ˣ̫ͨˣǰĴ㰡Ȼڶ޳⼸һжǴ޳

װ޹˾ӢװΣַ¹Ӣͨˣһ칫ңᡣ
ס¹Ӣһסլ
Ӣ˺󣬿ŵӣӢװΣϲһ£Լ̫ˡ

⹫˾ڶеģӢôһŮģܲһסɡ
˵ҪԼסǼóӢססС

һֱԹ۵䵽ˣ˵磬ôԵҵôһأ񶼲ң˰

¹Ӣ׷һģסԣסĴԡ
룬ҲûиõİˣֻӢסˡҵʵķӣӢȥ

Ӣһʼܸˣסһ˰ⷿӾȻ¹ӢģǵģûǶ޳Ǹ¹Ӣû뵽ǧ֮ģȻ¹Ӣ£Ȼ¹Ӣ֡
ⷿӾȻ¹ӢģӢ˵ⲻһף¹Ӣ¹Ӣ¹Ӣôһ뵽ӢӢӢӢ¹ӢӢأֻǴˣ
Ӣ롣
ûҵʵķӣ˵ҪȥˣҧѸڵķ




50.           ˻ơ

˻Ĺϵ, ̽׵Ū֤ͨȥ̽̽·˳㿪ۣҪ, Сطôôϰġ
ʱӢù˾Щ, ļƻ, ͰıֽȼɻҪʲô˵ľ취ţ˵

գŴ۾, ҲȥۣҪý

бҪܴĹ㽨磬ȥ
˭֪ȥǱ߻ʲô£˵Ǳΰɲ, ʲô£Ա

һ, Ϳʼζ², ѽøһǡ
˵Ҫȥץ

, ϽӢ, ȥһ٣֪֮ģ򲻹оܰˡ

ӢһЦ, ͸ɣôӢӽң

ǵҲǡ̨׸Ͻ, ҾͲˣҾ͸Ӣӽǿô󷽡
˵ô˵ˣɻвʣӢ󣬾Ͷͷơ
ǵС˼Ϳ͸͸ˣӢӽ󣬱ܽԼû취

ɵۣûȥץˡ

ӢЦҲˣܶأװ޵ҲŸսӴö໹ܲܰѹ˾ãҪ࿿ء˵ʱˣһܶҽء

ѽѽ
İͦأվӢǳһһƵ񣬿ûӢӽǣӢӽ㶼ûôɣǺǣͻᶯȭͷĴϴ֡

裺СǷ򰡣Сϳȥһ٣ѾҪƲסˡ

ӢǰĵȥҸ϶ѹ˾ˡ

¹Ӣǰ˸绰绰û˽ӡ
ѾȥˣӢܸװֳȥ칫ҵĵ绰һʱû˽ˡ

绰û˽ӣ¹ӢҲᣬƱѾˣʰö͸˻𳵡

Ӣӽ㣬˵Ҹڵɶÿδ绰ˣҲ֪ǲ˵ƵôãǲôǮڻһҩһҾ˵ôҩӣҸһҲһزǶ˷ѣͷʱ䳤ˣҩЧûˣȥء
ģһЩҩ˳Щǽθʳģǿ϶òϡӢӽ㣬ЩţҼǵϴǳʱǲЩذصظ׼˴ٽ䶯ģЩҩÿһβٱˡʳҲҪע⣬Ӣӽģⷽһῴġ
¹ӢСԽԽˣҽҲܰʱʱѸ֡״

쳧һľСͷĿ¹Ӣˡ
ѽѽ˵ˣԺøĿں´ѽΪ±ĶȲңҺã˵˲զûֵǳء
쳧ɷˣƤɽסô䣬ǰС°ȻⷹҶóԵġ
쳧ЦҿɾͻСˡ

¹ӢҲīʹĸ쳧豸⡣
쳧ֹ¹Ӣ˿¹Ӣۡ쳧ܽĸǳѾչҵ񣬿ʼˡ
¹Ӣ̾쳧ⷢչͷԱȶ޳Ҫð޳ҲҪıа
ϧ޳˵ģҲ̫ʱֻԼڵˡ

ݵ꣬¹Ӣ͸̤ȥڵĻ𳵡

һڻվˣǰһҲ˾ϴһ顣ȻԺһѺֵĻƹҲ¹Ӣºг̸źˡҪ¹Ӣúøܸı仯¹Ӣȥס

겻Ҳ֪С¹ûб仯Ӧаɣ˵С¹ˣǰֻǵҪĿں´

¹Ӣڻ˯һڶ絽ڡ

¹Ӣʱסˣ¹ӢˣҲû䡣
һЦǵӡʱˡ

¹Ӣһʱ䴦ˣֵһ꽲ʦȷʵ˵λߵʡ

֣Ҹóƺ´˰ɣ˵ˡ
ƹϢͨġǰһ¹ɡ¹ӢЦŸ֡

һ죬¹Ӣȥ豸£ûǵĹ˾ȥ

ţϰȥ˰ɣӣҲҰģȥ˵Ǯء

ȥˣ

ǰҲǲˣûˣµˣǱиϰҪװޱȥˡ绹Ҵ绰ϰˡ

ѹִ绰û˽أܴã¹ӢҲˣûװ˷Щ֪ʶѽ˵ʲôʱ𣿡

ҾͲ֪ˣȥǹ˾ǿȥǹ˾û׼֪
ų꽥ڵĽֵҲ޵ƽˣǺܿ͵Ӣ˾

¹ӢǸյϴӰ칫ҳӢ
Ӣӽ㣬ôˣ¹Ӣܾϲ̲ססݺͷСӣŶûǲֳˡ

״ħצѳüԶ㣬϶ζˣûϴˣϵⶼʲôЩǲǶĨͷˡ

Цˡ
Ӣӽ㣬صǵģ

ǣ¡ǲͦģҿ㶼ˣͦõġ¹ӢȻ˵㣬ȷʵá

һӢӽ㣬ֹ¹ӢԱߵӢҲ

žӢ¹ӢӢӽ㰡ԺզаӢӽ㣿զְ
ǰûоվһˣô

ӢûʲôӡˣʱСֻǵһʲôģҲӢôȥʲôʲôˣʱֻ׸硣
磬Ҹȥˣʲôʱ
񣺡ŶŶȽҸϸ˵

¹ӢӢü û뵽ܼ㡣
û뵽ӢˣǰŴ˵׷Ӣѵģ

ˣҶڶ޳ˡֱӺӢС

û뵽ˣְ󣬴Ҿûټˣȥء

ˣҲְˣûطȥˡʱȥ壬ϼңʵʶˣ꣬ġ

¹Ӣü۵ͷԭˡ
ʣµĿԲ˵ˣԲˡ
¹ӢЩƣԭ֪УѾλˡ

Ӣӽ㣬Ǳſڣ
һӢӽ㣬¹ӢӢӦһ¡

ֵӢüˣˣﶼӢʱǾͺӢӡ
󵽣ҲȽӢӵġ

¹Ӣʯ뵽ûӢӣ¹Ӣ¹ӢĺЦĺʦѾͷģẰӢӣѾӢ˰ɣƺٸ˰ɡ
¹ӢɹЦ

绰

ӢӦһ
ȥӸ绰

ǱҰһߣҲûʰҵطȸǵˮȥ

¹ӢæˣǴȥأˣҿҲͦæģͲˡ

ץʱϽʣҸǵʲôʱ

Ҳ˵ã֮ǰֻ˵ǿüңû˵ʲôʱҪǵ죬ȥüˣӦÿˡ

ˣǶĳƱһصλ£ǿ߶졣

æӢӽ㣬Ҹһȥһ˻ȥҿɲġ
ѵһˣ漸Ҳûʲôʲôĵģ㻹߶߶Ҷ߶
ҵøһȥӢӽһϻ𳵣ɲģ˵Ҫ֪ӢӽһϻˣҲʰ

磬ڻƹӵĴ£¹Ӣȥshoppingˣֱ̨ӻǮȻС󣬵ǲҪƱһ̨ĸȥһ̨үӺͰһ̨ԼһЩ·ЬزģһǮ¹Ӣ泩١

ϻƹ¹Ӣ˵ʲôҲҪ¹ӢһסڴѾˡ

ˣֻ衣¹Ӣ˲볪裬鲻ֻ밲衣

ż¹Ӣʵڲ볪ҲͲǿˣΪź´Σ´һҪһס
¹ӢЦӦˣУû⡣

㻹ǵϴʱǸµ⣬¶Ժλϰ徭üأϰĶˣҸҲʶˣͶ˺üӰӾģ׬˲١
ˣ¹ҪҪҲͶӰʲôģҸǣߡͶ׬ǮˡǮҲǷţͶȥұ֤׬ǮҲǶ¹Ӣźøеģ¹ӢҪŰǮͶȥԺҲнڳϵˡû׼Ҳȥһߡ

Ͷʰ¹ӢֽȷʵͶȥͶӰҲǲУѡĵӰӾͶȥ

¹ӢӦʱһʮ˱Աˤ˵ϣˤ¹Ӣ




51.  Ͷ         ֺˤϵۡ

ֺˤϵ۾, ʮˣ۾Եòɣˡ
Ļɾ·Բŷͷ, Ȼװ, Ҳǡ
վϵ·Լķͷ
˵ԼߡҲ̫³ˣֺ߿, ǲʡ
ЩǮװĶʺ˵ĶˣֻҪͶǮ, Ժ϶׬Ǯ£һƭӣû۾ҲĿƭˣԺǺڵģ

㣿ôˣŻҪֺӳȥķԱ
Ťͷ¹Ӣ, ˺ЩˣҲ, ǵĿ˸ͶʡЩ˶ˡͶߺöˡ
, һȰԺ˰, ˵һֳ, ӵģ˭ͷ㽲ʲôƻ鰡˵ƻ˭ҲһھʲôİƬ, δôôģǵϰģ˭û˻, ʲôֻҪͶǮͶˣʲôùܾ͵ŷǮɣͶǮͻڰʲôģôƭǮİ㿴ҪûңҪӳȥˡ˵һĻˣɵʲôǮǸʲôͶƭһסҪҸɣҵɶģܻڷԡ

ֺҡͷϰ嵱ء

ΪʲôҪͶʣֺҲΣǮ˾ۼĵطȻҪһˡ

ͶʣҪٻоˣǱӲܵƽ̨ײܻعģ治ٻȥˡ
µоƬзع봴ҵˣӲ˵ۻ׬ǮĻǹ˾Щɶ
оĶΪʲôҪ˱أڹڣκˣΪʲôԼ㹫˾ϰء
мȫҵз
ϧĵЩǮˣ޷ģҪȻҲڵ˸Ͷʣҧñ˼ˣ˾Ȼƭӣ
ԣֺǾã˭ҪǸͶˣǼ˵ĺ¡
Ҷ϶Ժ϶ǵʱҲӲܣչȭŵʱ򡣾Щˣϰأһ۹⣬һԶûУû˵ͿʼȻķԱһȺĿûû۹ıꡣ
ֺȺϰ壬ָ̾Լʱ˲ãѵһǸ򹤵

¹ӢˤԼµļУһҵƻ顣
¹Ӣ˿ǰļƻժҪףȻǸоƬзġ¹Ӣ¿

ֺϴǵľܾŵ飬ЩˣͶǵʧ

ʾ¹Ӣ̬ȣƭӣ
¹Ӣ

¹Ӣֺƭӣƭдôϸļƻ飿ооƬɲô׵ģҸĻǮӽȥ춼ɡ
Ͷʣǲ֪˼Ǯٲ
ȻⶫҪòܳɹ߻ܸûгɹȽӰӣԸͶǮԸͶڸĵطҪоʲôǿ϶Ѫ׬

ֺ¹ӢôĿļƻ飬ȼһС磬ѵ˿ô棬ˣҲԣŻѪдģȻСѾͷܿҲûǮͶֻҪ䣬ҲǶĹˡ
ֺʵСƻдô
¹Ӣϼƻ飺ţдĲ

ֺ̾ȻСѾͷ˭㿴ˣҪݡˣ֪
ЩͷɥҪûԼļƻ顣

¹ӢûȣҪͶʣ
ֺ¿˿¹Ӣ˼һ۾һܵ¹Ӣ¡
ж٣һٰʮӶడ

ǸҴͶǲɣ¹Ӣֽ𣬵ȻﻹЩǮҲܶͶȥɣԺ󲻳ԲȰ

ֺԼķͷնĵ

¹ӢооƬ²ǸƭӰɣ
湻¹ӢЩˣɱǸƭӡ

оƻϵоƬǿ϶ЩǮۿȸ򵥵ģǮС绰ֱϷЩС⣬ǿ϶һǮһ߸оȻоôǮͶꡣ
ֺĿƵĶ¹Ӣһһۣǵģָ¹Ӣ¼¹Ӣһδͼ

¹ӢЦˣͦҵͷԵİڴҵ˼·ҲһоôӪĿɲ࣬ҪǶԱôһӦвͶɣ

Ǻǡ˵ֺЩ߷߲ƽһͶʵģ̫ˣͶһǮҪռɰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣи˾ȻҪռٷ֮ʮǺǣʲôЦۻľӪ˾ټӸо˾˵㣬ǮҲֻܷһС֣ҾΪأ
ȻҲҪȸ˵ģͶʽɣȻǼɣռҪٷ֮ʮоǣ㽫Ҫ۹Ȩȳ۸ңȹȨ⹫˾þԿعɡ

һͲˣƾʲôſھռٷ֮ʮ㼼ôˣûǮɶҲɲˣ˵ܲǮ˵ʲôûзհͶǮ˵Ŷհһɵģ˾ƲҲûɶʧͶ˾ͲһˣǮǰװ״ˮƯѽʧĻЩͶˡ
ΪһͶˣǶҪͶ˵ȨġȻҲҪ¹ӢȨ棬ɲֵռ˱ˡ
¹ҵģƭӡҪͶҲҪռٷ֮ʮźһǮ˾ǮȫͶģ൱ȫͶˣҪٷ֮ʮ֡

¹Ӣû˵ֺߣӺͻųƨ


ԽԽ˵վߣӣ滥ĭɡ

¹Ӣֺڣǿڿʡ

Ǹĸ˵Ķе϶Ӣӽ㣬Ŀᶨ֧Żƹӣ

ֺ֧ˣҲˣͶǮֲ㡣
һ㼼ģʵڲʺʱûϢãҪȻɲôս

˶¹Ӣ

ϿңҵģҪռٷ֮ʮһΪ¹Ӣȡĵˡ

¹Ӣ˱ˮȥɤӰɡ

ƵĳֺƳһۣˮһ

ֺҲû¹Ӣãһˮں

ֺҧҪռٷ֮ʮһĵˡɾˣ취޾֮·Ͳţû·ˣ

¹ӢͷУͬˡ

ֺһĴȣ۹⣬Ժ͵ŷִѵĳƱɡ
ͿʼЭ顣

ţôͬˣֵ̫ˡ
ŴչСһƭأҲռٷ֮ʮţͶ򡣡

¹Ӣҡͷɣʽԣˣ˾ҲЩƹӣͦģҪҪҲͶһ㡣

̾ҵǮͶӰˡҰһĸװҵǶҲȤ
ֵ˵ģͦиͷģǰôûȥءҲֵģƭƵģһͻ˵ЩģҪ˵ֱ绰ʲôģ˵ʲôоƬǼģŹ֡

ֺܿͰͶЭдˣһʽݣ¹Ӣûʲô⣬ͰǩˡȻӰȡֽ

ֺǮû̽ӣסĴ̣ͨǵطӵģôǮȥ治ȫ
ǮţҾȥ⳧أóˣҾȥǮ

¹Ӣһ㶣һĻ𳵣Ҫؾǡ

ֺԭǾ˰ǺðԶˣԹ˾϶Ҳٰϣ¹ӢɶܣֻŷǮ˵õľˡ
Ǯô죬ֺüһתĿ䵽ϡҪǮȴϰһȡǮȥд
ʵסĵطôǮǺܰȫ

¹ӢǮƸţ鷳ƹˣͰһǮɡҲǮһϵʱʹˮƯɡ

ֺϽ鷳ƹˡղˣ˰һױ󣬻ƹӱⰡԺȾԺҲҪڻˣƹӶա

źһǮȡʱ򡣡

ֺ֣ллƹӴ

¹Ӣֺھǵĵַ͵绰¿ԸŻ绰
ǮͶȥ¹ӢͲˣҲֺôٳֹ˾ˣֺͦһ׵ģҲͦȽ

ڶһ磬¹Ӣʹ˻𳵡

һ·ЩĬŸͷǰߣһ϶û˯ãһϡȻû׸磬Կǵĺ𣬻ϵֺҲҪһӣǶԼҵΪԼҵŬܶأҲСˣʮˣˣѵҪһֱôȥǲҲøЩʲôˣ
շתһϣЧֺ

˻𳵣Ȱٺú¹ӢǰӢӽ㣬ҪҪҲͶǮ뿪ҽˣҲҪҵ

Ҫүүͬʦˣ˿ˣ

ͷӦаɣүүأӦóʲô⣬˵ֻ۲ʵԶҲɲ˴ҡ

ǵǡʵҾ㿴ͦˣҪ뿪Ǯҽ͵ˡүӵҽ϶ԶǮԺ׬ǮҾˡ

ǲУֵʣҸٷ֮ʮĹɷݡ
㣬òôǮǧˣҲⷿӣҼڼĵһģŪɸүүп˾ȥǰ濴˾ͻغϢ෽㡣

㣬ǧ飬áʲôɷݲɷݵģɰ¹Ӣ飬ǧ࣬Ͷֺʣǧˡ

ǲС˵žͿʼñдЭ飬ֺдЭ濴ˣ«ưҲдݡ
㻹д

Ӣӽ㣬ǩ֡ȻǮҾͲˡ

¹Ӣ
¹Ӣñʻʮĳ˶ʮ
ֻҪٷ֮ʮ˲Ҫ

ǲУٷ֮ʮҲ̫ˡ

¹Ӣдݰٷ֮ʮЭǩ֣ˣϽǮЭȻҿˡ

ȭһҪúÿǮӢӽֺ졣




52.  ˾         衭

豳ŴСصڵʱ, ¹ӢѾ˻ؾǵĻ𳵡

磬ǿˣôȥôʱ䣬ú, ӢӽǸߡ
¹ӢסľƵ, סһ, ˯Ĵ
ϻſȽ¹Ӣӵʹߡ

캰ӢӢӽӢӽ, Ϊ˵Ӣ
Ҳǣһƣӳˣ˵ʲôأӢӽ㲻𣿡
Ӣ죺˵Ĳ, ¹Ӣ
£¹Ӣ辪, ¹Ӣˣ迴, ¹Ӣˣ
ţа, һġ, ¹Ӣ˵λ¡

Զԣ˵СӢӽͰѾӢӽֿˣӢӽ㣬СӢӽ, ٺ٣

һţ군, æͿˣ¹ӢʱҪˡ
İһžܳšڸϽȥվû׼ܸϡ

ӢŤ׷˳ȥһקס
л˵

һ֣֣ʲô£һ˵

ӢקŲţ㣬壬࿴֪һ䲻ˣǲ飿

Ͻ˵һԸûҵͬ⡣˵ûûϵû飬ûܡ

˵Զ˼Ȼ費ܰȥǼͣүү̵Ҳͬ˵ġ㿴ҵĿǲһģܸо㣬

Ų㡣ûϵҲûܡŤżߣֶסŲû¹Ӣ˵ʲôɣ
˵ʲô˵ʲôˣ˵ҲʵӢǿĿ

һͻˣӢ˵ʲô˰ɡ
굱꣬Щ֥ùӵʲôģŶ󣬵ŵȥ˾ǣֱ˻ߣûսϢܾСǶʱл㱵ģ̫ˣ˵ûûˣҪˣûûŮģԺϷصĶûУû׼ǹ»ҰˣǸǾĬү̺࿴¡
ֻǺӢسˣ¾Ͳ֮ˡҲ˹ʲôˣ˶˵ǧ꣬Ҫ꣬쳤ؾá
˵˾ˣӻŶʹ죬ʲô¡Ȱѻŵ¸˵ɡ
Ÿ࿴ˣûͬү̻Ϊ˴̼أʱ͸ۺͿү̣Ǽָۣˣôܴ̼ˣίˡڽ϶Ҳûٱʲô¶˳һͦãҲû͡
ڰȥ˵ү̣裬дЩ軹ΪӢ֣ΪԸء뵽⣬ͺ޲øԼһƣھվЩǸǰǽͣǿ϶ҲŰû׼øɢ˵룬mģƺҲϴˣҪԺ¹ӢˣҴϼˣɲ¹ӢϼҵȺ฾Ӵ

Ů˾Ͱ붫¹ӢӢ˵䵱꣬òϹɡ
ں޲̷ɵվ¹Ӣס˵˵ı飬Լ̬ȣԼʱжҪϹ롣

Ҿ㣬ûߣ᲻Ȣң

ᣡ
תܣʱҪ˵ᣬɵbˡ
ֻס¹Ӣһ棬Ҫ׷¹Ӣϸ˯žˡ¹Ӣ̫֪ˣЩһⱲӾʹˡ
Ӣ֪ˣʱûץסʲôãһֱԭص𣿻Ҳת˲š
¹ӢˡЩˣ¹Ӣ̫Զˡ

ӢԥԶӰƲס
ƭӣƭӡҵûߣ϶Ȣˣ
ĺˣû飬Ἰꣿ
ıȲˣ

ʱѾԶˡ

ĿɿڴϲӢӽ㣬ϲСӢӽˣǾĴϢҪ˴еĴˣЩŽ¶ˣû¾ͷȥĶˣһ˼ûУ䶼ˣ¿ˡ
磬ϷŮһϷ밡
ǸСӢӽԺ󲻻ҴɩɣӴԺ˿ɲܺСӢӽˣҪҪֱӸĿڰ

ѿֵ߽ԼܳȥӢ
Ӣؿ

ЩۣӢ̫ˣôõŮˣ˻鲻˵ϲֲϲ̫ˣҲǣ˵Ҳ֪ίһ㡣
豣һˣӢ

ڰŷ⿴ĽζԲϣͦʱɫܵģǧʶûһ䣬Ҳ˵ܻվȥ֪ϧûռˣ磬ܵʶˡԲԲϣ磬ķأء

͵͵⿴Ȼȭͷ
ͷҲûԴȥ͵

ûϻ𳵣ʱѾˡ
ؾǵĻƱҲֻܵȵڶˣȡǮһ˳;䳵ڵǣ·;ңԶ;ֻ䳵շת˾ǡ
˾ǣֱվʱ¹ӢĻҲվ

վڳվڲ۵Ķš

ڣ¹ӢˣЦˣ￴Χˣֻʣ¹Ӣˡ¹ӢߣѴϵģı塣

¹Ӣ

¹Ӣ̧ͷһǰ溰˾Ȼ㣬ôģǰˡ

¹Ӣһ·룬᲻ͯͻȻŮǰҲͻȻǰȻ֪ⲻܣôˡ
룬ҪЩŮƵһŮǵĴĻͣ˵ģ
ͻ
ڣĳǰˡ

һȺ¹Ӣקߡȼȥ

¹ӢǸ˵ģקǰܵĲǻġ
ǲǰͯŶˡ
¹ӢϣһĶˡ

¹Ӣվ㳡Ľңңкö໰˵˵ڡ
ɴİݸ¹Ӣ۸Ķһӣ㲻ϲֶм·㴩ſ϶Ưһ˿յˣСһ϶̫ˣͷ䳵˹ˣпյ͵ӣͷð˸¹Ӣ˻
ʱǮŸ¹Ӣʲôˣ˵Ǯе᲻¹ӢǮڵԼǮˡ
ȥۣ˼ӣǽһܣţƾɶ¹ӢҪĲأǱеģҲ¹ӢУûеģҲҪ¹ӢСɶ˸¹Ӣǿյ¹Ӣȵ˯ãյ̾ˡ
ӢӢӣ

¹ӢƤôӢˣǰǴûӢӣ

ˡңң

ô˵

Ժ󶼺Ӣӡ

¹ӢŤͷҪߡ㻹ǱӢˡ

ǲӢ˵ʲôˣ

Ӣ˵ʲô

˵ʲô㶼š

¹ӢǺǣ˵

һϽ͵ǰȷʵôԸоӢͦŤûô㣬ҾðɣǶһ޶ģôֺܰͬء

ղôˣ

ⲻǲ֪ʲô𣬺ȫԵ̫ˣȻ˶ӢӣԺҲôԺֻӢӡ̾ϢȻŮˣһ־ôС

Ӣ

ûϵûϵ

ǰأ

ǰҲûϵ

ģ

棬ҷġ

ûϲӢƯܸɣ˶ɱһѪ·ŮˣŮӢģʮŮ˵а˸ԱġŮôܲˣ

ҪǾ¶û׼һܿǿǡǲ֪װˮĸС׻ƵģϲͰҰ

ŶϲʲôģȻ˲ϲŮˮģ

ġ

¹Ӣüʲô

ƯĻʣҾͿģҾ룬Ͳ̹㻹צӣҾϲʱʱ£㻹ƢܹסҵģҾϲܹסҵġ

ʲôצƢצƢ𣿣
¹Ӣŵĵɴ˫ۣûëɣϲţϲӣӢѲʰһٵǻ֪ɣӢĻܲסа˵ˣ¹Ӣһº͵ĽĺƢˣŮˣƢãˣ

㿴㿴һҾͺ£ĸҲģ̵ģƵģرио˵ǲǾĶһһ۵ģ¹ӢȥĿڡ

ƶ졣

Ҳƶ죬˵ʵֻ졣

¹Ӣ˵ôȥԺˣҲʼˣˣåˣ

ס¹Ӣ֣֣صֻ㻨ֻˣåԱŮˣԶ˾ӡ




53.  ԽԽɰ         ôܵ

ôܵǻվģ
, ˣҲˣⲻûﲻ̤ʵ, żһ, Ȼҿ϶ʳѰĵõ˼Ҿ, 궯İһҲȣҾ;, ˺üأȦ춼û˯áǳ˾ʦϢʱרϴˢˣȻ̫̭ˡ
¹Ӣ粢ȥƱ, ڻһ̯أҪ𳵻ȥ
Ӣ, Ҫɴȥڰ, ֣϶޵аܰȫ˵Ǯ
, ȫ˵Ǯˡ

ô, Ǯǵ˭ȥҲûǮ
ڶ޳һ²Ŷ٣ɴһȥˡһʼҲ֪ǰ·, Դ򿪾ˣۿдѵǮ¹Ӣڶ޳ɶ

¹Ӣҡͷ, ϲݵͲȥˡȥڣϰ壬൱ˣԺ˻ãһŴŷأҲǸ̸ҪˣúȥδӣԼҵ¹Ӣ֪˵̸˼̸꣬ʮֵҲ١
¹Ӣֻһ黹ʮǧء

뷨ɸ¹Ӣһ˵ȻˣǾ൱δˣǱŽȥģⶼ̸ˣвģ
ã¹ӢȻͷˣǾϱˣһӵˣľ¹ӢˣϽѾʼˡ

ԺҲӢˣҼнˣеڶҪ㺰ҶӢ
𰡣ҾͺӢӡ
˰ɣȻҲӢӢӣֿĺãͷһӢӦģ˵βΡȻˣһֵĽзѣҲûʲôģøӢˣ˵ҲȷʵӢȽеӢӡ
аɣӢ಻ҪҺӢӢ

¹Ӣһ˵ӢӢ
̫ˣоص԰

ӢӢӢӢҪСӢ

ͺСӢǰĸĸҲôġ
ͷԺ
¹ӢЦͷǶִֶŰ

ĸ¹Ӣ粢ǰߣϳǰ̹¹Ӣݺһڣ׵Ŀ죬Ҳ᲻÷֡
ҵ˾͸绰 æһξͻ㡣˵ȥڶãĻ˼֮ࡣ

ۿҪΧ˶ʼָָˣ¹ӢϽĿˣīˣϽߡ

ǲǿķˣ˵ҸϽߣǲҲر᲻ң

¹Ӣ̲סһЦ˳ԽԽɰˡ

һί Ҫǲﻰ˵ҾͲˣ˳ʹɣҵһˣ߸ɴǵϢٰץ߰ɣٶҹġ

¹ӢסЦðɺðɣ˵ǵģǵģװģҲ᲻㡣

һװģ̲סˣҲˡ
ˡᣬôһ治ˡ

ţ˸Ҵ绰
¹Ӣţͷڼװ绰ԺϵҲ㡣
ͷһ¹Ӣ룬ԺҲѵˡ

صң¹ӢȰѵӸĸ˹ȥ˵ӣҲʡĸÿ߶ˡ

һᵽ¼ң¼Ҿ;ˣСһȺΧŵֿ

һ˵¹ӢܼңһЦۣ۵ĶЩΧŵӿģˣ˭ҪһͲˣЩСޣûصģ˭ˣֱӰָĿ
ֻ׼׼ˡ

Ӣ裬Сģһֻˡ

հ㲻СԼһȥ

۾ǮҲ᲻òǡ㣬к󸣰˵ӢôõĹŮȥ
հӢҲС˰ɣ˵˼û㿴ҼҶСô

ҶСӿ䲻ӢӣҶСӻҼҵء

ն˻ȥӢӿɲԺң޳ʲôûаҪҲҪڶ޳ҡ޳ɱ𳧺öˡ

Ʋ죬ԼҺȷʵҲ䲻¹Ӣ
ЩﲻģԼҶҲ˶˵ú޺ޣȢ֦Ҫ¹ӢҸɶġ

Ӣӣڴ˵ģòǮذɣ
УҪƱ
׶Ǯ˵˵ҿӱ̳Ķá
ô˫۾ҪѾ۸˵һĿĲݵļơ

߰ٶɡ

߰ٶ࣡󣡡ˡ

¹ӢѵӰą̃һڷŹ¹Ӣæſȥˡ

֪¹Ӣˣƽһʱ˹
ԭ¶޳ʳòٴɼˣ˵ڼ˸ʲôʼʼ˵һҵļãòɹԺǼ򣬲ȻͲǺϸĴͲýǼҵļǵһﻹǮأ˵ҲûǼҵļĺð
ƽϣӰѼĺأ⼦ôͲ˼ҵˡ
оԺֵĲˣ޳Ҳһˡ

¹ӢʯͷԼĽ
һﲻ֪ǵҵ˰ɣǹҲذɡһԻؿˣǼһ֣ƳԻؿ۵һǸ̰Ƶģҿͷ

ʵƽνɾͲˣ޳ҪȥǮءͻȻˣ嵣ıӢڶ޳ʲôˣŻ𼱻ǵĸ˹¹Ӣû£Ҳͷ
ƽɾͲˣԼҲˣܶǮء

¹ӢͷһֱŪţʱ׬˲٣˵ҪҪǮŪﰡԺҲܳϸ߲ˡ



ңҲůֲָͣˡ¹ӢñʻҴͼ

ûȥооȥƽСĵİͼôҪǶֲָˣ˿϶Ĺ϶ҲǽʲôţϡΪ󣬶ԣϱ˵ģϡΪ
ƽôʱ伦ٲȻѾΪһɹСˣѾͷˡ

ѾٳŰҽ
ǰǿҽݵģүүͷڣܿͰ
үӶ¿ҽݺܿģ֮꣬ҽݵ¹ˡүѾʼϵǰҩˣ⼸ѿ϶ѹ׵ҩģЩ
үΪ»רŵл¹ӢҪ¹ӢŸ˵ҽݰæ

ð£һŲϿɱˡǮҾǴģǲҪѧķҪҷֳɣҶռǱˡ
¹ӢЦŸү裬 ˵ԺиͷȵĿɻָүҿأǮǰͶȥҶÿ൱˽˴ˡ

үӹЦǲͶǮǻܲ㿴ˣ֮ôǮóǿ϶ԿͷҲҪлл㣬ȻҼʲôʱܿء




54.  ڲ         ¹Ӣ

¹Ӣ顣
ǰ, ˱Ϳյ
ܹˡ
¹ӢⱾǹ豸ά޵ģΪڴ豸ע͹ĵľ⣬Ҳѧϰ֪ʶԣⱾص豸άˡ
Ѿ, ѾʼŰ, ʱⲻ˼ˡ

ûʲô, ųˡ

¹Ӣܷɷˣ˰пվ, ߵҽݰæ

յҽݣȻˣڸ

ꣿ¹ӢЦŴк
ô岻

һ¹ӢϽ˻Щţô⣿

Ҿסڡ
ôˣĲ

û, ûʲôһ, ˡ̵ֻҽݡ

¹ӢоͦĪ, ôˣˣ, ڰ, ʲô֢ɣ

ûа˰˵ϲأôͻŻŵˡ

У¹ӢԼĶûʧ, ûɣ

ûŪɣ¹Ӣ־˾Ķ䣬ûء

ͷ, ӦûѴɣǻ˰

¹ӢšüûѴ

Ӧòᰡ԰϶ˡ

ԲۣҿδУ굨ͦ󰡡ҪǱ֪ˣҪóӵЩŮͬ־֪ˣһһĭİˣ
Ҳ֪Ǹ˭ĺӣǸ˭ģǺܿܳԵϲ˰ɡȻ˺ӣҪѵĻ϶ҪеĽ鰡ͷɲõеˬˣܲܲɣҲҪ⺢зݵɣȻԺǾͲùˡ

ʵ֪ԼˣѾȥҽԺˡ
Ҳ뾡飬Ͻ飬ǳǸĲԸ⣬ѺӴˡ
Դ¹Ӣ̬Щȣ˼ļ񹴴˼Σˡ
굱ʱЩ⣬˴컹ǳ쵼ءڣˣ
һʼҲüȥֱһʲôġ
ߵģó飬ȢŻһ
굽ᣬܲסһֱò걻ϱݵĴʱѾ׵κˡ
ץڣ㲻ʱǿƵİ˫ͷѾˣѾ˼ˣ첻ٷŹˡ
һҽк󣬳칥ߡ

º󣬳§ſŵ꼫ĵİ˰졣
첻ò̾shuangư͵ľ
ϲŮϲְǿȵĸо

˸̣̫TMˬˡ

һΡ
Σưˡ

Щ£ѵľǵһΣ˵һΣͻеڶΣΡNΡ
֮ҲͲƾˡ

컹̾Ϣûеһиоˡ

֪껳кȱӣŮУҲ飬ЦڵְλҪˣԺ벻ϻˣ

һʼ̥ԴҪ飬Ȼ顣

Ҳǵһˡ
ô㰮ãŮҲһˣǰһЩз֮ýʹ಻ģҲ£Ҫ֤û֤ݵģҪǲһҵģ
ҲĴѧ͵ˣӴ˵ûѧء˵͵ȵģ͵ߵܿƵסԣҲʱûζˡ
ʮ꣬˿డڽǰսңƶģgeܸϵĶˣʱʲô˼Щ°ܻţӾͺľоиŮܴڽӴǾͰӷˣĻ
ڵСᶼϲʲôʲôʱأ绨ѩµǶеġڣɲɾҲ
ʮ갡ôܲʹʹ죬ٹʮ꣬ʹǶʹ첻ˡ

ӦЩŮѾᳵ·ˣѵ˸꽲
Ҫñ֪Ĺϵ˵㻹ˣСδУи֮ЩñӶÿͷϣһӿɾͻˣ˵Ĵˣ޳ȥԺ󲻹ȥĻñָָģһϴˢ۵㣡
˵Ҿ˴Ҳ
ѺӴˣǾ͵ûԺ㻹ȵĵڿشҪǻңҿ϶ٲĺôҪǲˣҸ˼ˣԺͺӣá

޺˫ۣ ôˣһ̥Ů˻ܼ޸ʲôˣ

Ҹ˽ȥ͵͵̥ˣ㲻˵˭֪̥
ҲһģҸĻ׾٣
ҪҸһһѣһ𳧵һ󣬸ţȻӣǶˣʲô£Ǻмҵ׵ģ޹ȥҪԸ⣬Ҿ͸ܹȥ

 ǳ׿ˣЪ˹İѳˣԼڱݴһ󣬾;ѺӴˣԺҪһϡ

ҽǱŴ̥ģֻû뵽սհ¹Ӣͽˡ

¹ӢȻֺ£ڱȳ±¶¿ʼµ±֪е±֪һӣһ¹Ӣǧ֪е¡
ںˣҪԼܰѳסöá

˵ˣҪܸŵʱ޲һͱ˳죬ûɱˣᣬΣΪ쳥Ҳ֪£Ȼͬû·ˡֻܴݺѪˡ

˵𳧳Ǻ𳧵ĳ
λ죬ȷʵţҲҡ
ʱѾǰӪڲĲλ쳧Ļˣ߶¹Ӣôôģʱһϼƣ¹Ӣ϶쳧۰ҪǴϳ£ԺɾǳýˣԺڳҲܱ߿һˡ쳧ǰͷҵ¹Ӣ

ͷǸʵͷ

¸ڳӣϷʵͷΪڳӣ¸ô˵۸٩ҲûƢЦһ񣬿žʵˡ϶ʵͷʵﶼƲЦҡ

⵱ĲУɴ񰡡

λ˽һ¹Ӣ涯ˣͷ

¸ŵֻҪҽףͰͷֱӴӹɰ칫ҵĸɲԺͷɾǳˣԺ𳧻ߣ

¸һӵ¸һ뵽һܶˣȻǳˣ˼ͷģ;ü졣
¸ЦǺǵģһЦĽ쳧ݹ̡
û뵽Ⱳӣܽӵݵ̅ȣˣ¸ϵЦ۸ˡ
¸̣Цôʵ




55.  仯         ¸¹Զ롭

¸¹Զ, ȥ¹Ӣһˡ

¹Զ¹Ӣֻһ仰ؼһˡɶҲû˵ˡ

¹ӢΪʲôˡ
˰ͻȥһˡ

Ҳ֪¸ȻҪ˵ס
˵¹ӢˣĸҲһ, Ҳûǰĸ˵

˭, ҪӢ˵˭ˣϰࣿ
šü, 𳧵ģ
ʵ¸˽⣬¸ʶˣ𳧵, վͲˣӢӲ߼ޣҲܵͼѽʲôö󣬹һ㣬, һӳԿܹ, Ӣô, ɲίԼͼȥżȥ

¸һЦ쳧
¸Ǻ£ԼҸ, 쳧ܿ¹Ӣ, ¹Ӣܼ޸쳧Ǽ˵¹Ӣ˵ɲǺ¡¹ӢǴ, һҲ߰ʮǮÿ²ҽʮ飬ԼĿ, Լһ굽ͷܶǮ˵ˣܵǮҲ
֪¹ӢÿｻʮǮʱĸǮĸ¹Ӣ׸Ǯ͵͵ɾǲ˵¸Ҳܲ³¹ӢĹˮƽ޷Ǿʮʮģ˳ʮ顣һ¹ӢҲȥˣֽϵǵ¶ˣԺֻܿˡ¹Ӣʱæų飬ȷʵûôдˡ
쳧Ͳһˣ쳧ɲǿǵʹġǵҴԶַʱ쵼һǧأͷ϶ռͷôˣеɶ²͵㰡ÿ꣬쳧ղ٣ټ쳧һ֮ڳĲ̵㰡¸쳧ÿ϶̲٣Ȼô˵쳧ҵ׺ء

쳧ըëˡ
żﻹӣܵӢӵˣˣӢһƻŮ޸ôһˣ˵ȥ

ôˣʮ꣬ͦģ˵޺޺³Էôֻ䣬Ҫб¡ôˣĶȥˣ׵ػ˵ӶôˣҲӢӲģӢӼ޹ȥǾģ˻˻ǮͷӢԼĺӣ쳧ҴҵģԺӢӵĺզܷһʡ
Ҫ쳧ţ۵ļͥ״ǻ䲻˼ҳء˼ҲǿӢĻڶ޳ſȢġ˶˵ˣ޸쳧ĶȥˡۿǸˡ

ƨ˵ɶɶˣ˵ɶ㶼ţ裬ôý˵Ļ첻˵ԼĥԼСۣڵ˵ˣҿǸΪĺͿƨĸʣ˭˭ȥӢӿ϶ޣһ᲻˵Ŀ࣬˵ˣôˣԺ˻Ӣź򣿵ȰźˣӢҲˣټ޶ѣѵ뱲Ӣӹ¿һػ

Ϊʲôްⲻ˵ҪǻؾˣԺңԶôڳӻ졣ˣܲӦһӿɶء
ҴӦˡԹŶǸĸ֮ý֮ԣ˵ˣŮڼҴӸ˵㣡
¸ȰĸӢӼ޹ȥȥģ쳧ҵ׺أԺԺȲģԺ⳧ﻹţʲôõġԺӢӾǳˣ棬һܺɣ

¹Ӣʱڣ˭Ӧ˭ͼ޹ȥҿ϶ޡ
¹Ӣ£ڻڶûڼңͷûܰ޹ȥ

㲻˭ޣ㲻ѵ޹ȥ¸üӶ೤ʱûؼˣȥȥ˵Ҳ֪쳧ԸԸ⡣

¹Ӣ˸¹ҲأǴҪһŮȥѽÿ¸ӿ浽ʲôԻ·ôôϸŰŮ޸˻ȥ˵ΪΪŮáѵΪ˴Ĺ

ҲǺͷһң˽ôͼһˡ

¹Ӣţʰ¸һ٣û׼ó¹޹ȥ¡¸׼˽Ȼûõģ͵ºסһξͰˣܸı޴˼롣

ĸ¸ֱӳȥɳ
Ϊ˵ҹŻذ
¹ӢȥɳֱӰ¸ˣ¸ģ͵øúΣԡ

¸ǿˣɡ
ڹᳫɣץͽأ˳շһŮҪô취ԼҪôˣ˭ɳ˭ɳİԼĸץ˰
ɣôһɵ󵨵ġ
ɳֵ񾯸¹Ӣ¼ҡ

¸һˣȾˡ
ңҾͼ޸Ů˰

޹ŮҲþŮͬ⣬涨ˣŮɣֹ˻ɣǿŮˣǸˣǷˡ

¸һŵһ£ֱڵء

Ȼ󾯲ʲô˵ʲôȥģ쳧˵Ҫɲ¶˵ˡ

һ٣⻹ץһְȨģ˶һۣһ˾ȥ쳧

쳧İ
Ҳǳصģʸڷˡ
ôڰģ֤𣿡

¸飬֤ݡ

ûУݣҪ쵼˵ҪѹŮ޸ҵģʨӴ󿪿ڵĸҪһѲԼҪŮɱʺӿͷϣ㣬޸ҵĶȥˣŮģúȥôΪȢŮŵʲôô㡣ŮŮأޣ

쳧һޣֵ쾡£¹Ӣ쳧ûۿ⻹Ȣأ
⻹ǳأάһԼôͷϻƵģôϳģ
ѹôңϣЧЧϲɷ硣
ôһԱȣ͸о⳧ˡ

쳧ž¸һ٣¸ƨûһ
¹Ӣ˰һ
Ҳȷʵû֤ݣͷƵƵ֤ݻ治ø㡣

쳧תͷͱЦһģͬ־ɱ˱˵Ĳԣҿһ֮ҿˣҿɸɲǿȱ˵¡Ҵ¾ֵģõܸһҲǹأһӿɶǰҵΪ׵ԭˡ
쳧ЦǺǸ񾯵̡

Ȼ쳧ɣҲû취쳧ϣû֤ݣܲΪ¸һ仰Ͱ쳧ץɡ

쳧ûˣǰ¼һӼˣ¸ǰⶢ¸һۣǶݺݵŵ¸ֱ㡣

ΧΧһȦֵˣ񾯳û¸ѵһ٣ΧֵĺһͨڻˣɲǿӲŮĻ׼ԺҪ֪ˣʵ˺ˣҪץġ

񾯰¸˲ߣ¸Ǳ񾯳ûԴһ

¸ˣˡ˵ԺٷͰץΣ¸ŵ໹أһɴˣֱ˵Ļţǲҿ¹Ӣ˵ǿ¹Ӣ͸Ļš
¹Զž¹ӢҲˣ¹ԶֱˣǵԴӣͲžˡ
ҲЩСĸ¹Ӣ˵Ӣӣûû˰ɣ˰ɣ

¹ӢûƵģ¸ڴϵñӰЦĶĸ˲˵Ժٷ
¸Ӷ˶¹Ӣջߡ

¹Ӣ¸˵¿ǰԺ䶯ˡ
¼һʱ֮ͳĶ󣬴¹Ӣģ˵ΪŮвѪаԼ׵湫ģ̫ˣô󣬲˵úТĸɣȻ׵ˣһԼҿɲȢĻûĺģԺ˭Ȣ˭ù׼ļլû׼ü
𳧼Ժ¹ӢһƬЩŮĸģǶĸԼŮǧ¹ӢѧҪģñ

¹ԶʱԷʱˣҲˣû¾ڼʡıָָġ
¹ѧѧЩӰ죬ûģȥѧУҲˣΪά̬ȣڱͬѧǹˡνѧУͷѧϰ
ĸ͸˵ˣǰԺж⣬Ժжû

¹Ӣ·һҹ֮˺Ĺ

ڶ޳ϯҲ¹Ӣ̸ˣ˵¸˵Ϊ̫ˣҪл崫ͳ£ԸĸҪТТ˳ε£Ӱ̫ˣ޳Ӱˡ
˭¹ӢǶ޳ĴСҲǸ쵼ء
¹Ӣд飬д֡

ǳҲ¹Ӣ̸һλڼͥ״ôȰԺҪô嶯Ҫĸúýôܶء

¹ӢЦӦˣҳ嶯ˣԺ󲻻ˡ

¼¹Ӣ̬ôã⡣
˾͸ôMMPó̬ȻҪóҪִˣ˾Ի첻á

µ̣˸ƣϱҲЦĵ Ҳȷʵˣһֶӣڻعһ꣬ҪҸһ£ɲɵûϵǿȼ棬û׼Ϳء

Ҵˡ

ˣ˭ôû˵أ˭ô죬Ϣġ



˭һ̻ҵϣ°ѹ̻ˣϽ̻ȥ

¹ӢЦظһ顣

һԴСӣֹġʲôʱϵģڻðɣ

ã˵ĲҲǲŴϲá
ǳûҳȥ˰

µͷ

¹Ӣߺ󣬳¾͸岦˵绰ȥ

¹Ӣдļ֣¹Ӣʵ־һߣЦӭͷӦʹĺܣддˣ͸øߣӦ

ĳڵĴεߣ¹ӢҪǲѼֽ豸ˣ
յ豸Ϳһ˳˹ͷĻŻͲ滹¼ģһǵ̨İһôǣʲôˣ⿴ǳ¹Ӣİѵ¹Ӣôˣ뵽⣬һϲã㲻ʵд֡

Щ˻ǵ̨ģбģǻǳ¹Ӣġ
ԭ¹Ӣˣһۣܵȫ豸ߵ׷һʮ ʮٵŹ¹ӢͶ޳롣
һȽߣ¹Ӣıּ֣γ£Ͱ¹Ӣּȥ¹ӢǾȽߺѡ֮һˡ̨ͱǰϢ¹Ӣɷˡ




56.  죺޴Ů         ¹Ӣ

¹ӢΪ˾Ƚ, ˵ӣ˱ֽȥμ˱ôᣬ쵼ı, ٻȽ߽һö
ڶ޳ſڹ˳ĵĺɫ, ڳſһ߹һĺ, ±˲֪ǳӳȽˡ
ʾ˴ϲͿ¹ӢƬĸֱֽ

¶޳ķ̱ˡ

ϯų㣬ЦŸֽƷůë, 豸¹ӢϲҲʲôֲֵˣԺᣬ϶Ϊ

ŴʱΪά¹Ӣ˳˲ټܣ¿üֺ, ЩӢӵڻҪӢӲٳ, Ҫһĭȥ, ٺúһ١Ŵ󱦶ЩҲûɫҪôмһ˲, Ҫôʵᷳ, ͷǿһߡ

ֹ޳ˣҲһ
ž˰Ϣ̾ʹ¹Զӹ, Դָֻĸ䷹ӡ
ԭ¹ӢһƬļԺڰ٣ôֹ, ϶˵ʲôˡ
ܺǱܣӲǱԣСϰջŲΪ⵱ڣ˭ԸȥҲȥǽƣ̧һͨСϰգ˭˳߰Ŷһûû͵ģ㻹ǵøɫǵϣһĹ㲻˭
ڼԺ˼ĸҪ˵ϼ乧ϲĻû˵ЩĸӵĻˡ

ڼҵ¸¹Զ쳧ҲŸ𳧡

쳧һѽʵʩװ׵ˣΪˣٶЩǵҲʹģҲɲͰ¸¹ԶʰؼҴȥˡ
쵼һ㶼ηģٴЩ£Ϊʰ㰡

¸ʱǱţֱ쳧ţֱ쳧ʰ˼ң¸ˣ찵ذû˰û˰ֱԲڴˣڴϡźߺߣŹӲдľʣһˡ
ĸ¸ЩëͷӲ治˰ɣ
ôӣĸЩźľֵλÿëֲģÿ˼˴һһι¸¸ڿҲõˮݵߣ¸ϲҲ¹ȥ
ʱĸҹ˻ȥһͷӵıϢҹûˡ

˫ѹģĸʱ䶼ˡ¸ֻڴÿĺߺߡ

ֱ쳧ţ¸οƷһԺ쳧˵ˣ¸˾ȥϰ࣬̾û¸аͲ˵¸𳧵Ķˡ
¸ܳ쳧ҲͲڴϺߺˣһˡ
쳧¼Ҹ¸ֵܵĺһСƣֻ¸ȵκ̵Ĳˡ
¸ʱĻóǲҪ˰ԭظˡ

ɰĸǺͷʱ䶼װģ֪Լ˿סĸԽԽίʱæǰæķµģŻԺǵ¸˵һŰɣãֱɴװΪҪأŵġͷӼֱڹ껹ڹ꣬¾ôţԺʵˣڹˣ
ô͸ôһһӣȥҹʰһˡ
ĸһ֮ݳ¸һ٣¸ˣڼҿͷ

¹Ӣ֪ʱĸĲʹ죬רŴŽ»ؼҿĸһˣѹĲůƿĶĸˡ
ĸ¹ӢĽ£Ц˻Ҳ̤ʵˡҪ⽱ȥԺһȦʱܵɢһɢ
ĸڼԺȻҪˡ
žҲչ£ЦŹά¹Ӣڶ¹Ӣ˵עˣɲʲôỰƨ˵ˣ¹Ӣ
¸¹Զǣ¹Ӣˣͷ̣¹ӢͶ¹ӢʹЦ
⹤ĿɶΪ¹Ӣ
һˣûǾûλڼһ⣬Ƕ൱ûλ¹ԶʱģᵽʲôûûλֻиûλʱӹĿưڼĴ˹ȵס
Ҫ˵ϵ㿴¸˼ڼװóţڼҲûʲôĸźġ
ȻˣĸĶ¸ҧгݵġ

¹Ӣ¼Ҹջصңˡ
¹ӢĿȾϣ¸ˡôʱˣôû°ӶеԻˣ죬Ȼſɵ·Ҫ⿴Ҳܿġ

굽ҲûѺӴˣһʼԥԥȥָ쳶Ƥһʱ䣬ͰѴ̥ʱ䵢ˡ
¶ȥҽݴ̥¹Ӣֵһʱ䡣
¶ȥҽԺʱ˳ʱǲӣѪܵĳŶӾͿʼ¡Լõˡ
룬ǲҪȥҽҩɡ
Ҿͺ£˼׼ȥҽݡҸҽݲףҲҵôһҡû¹Ӣˡ
ôҩѺӴˡһһС˵ʲôҲҩ˵·ݴˣǿɸɲˣ˵ҽҲûⷽҩ
·ݲүҲ˴̥Υͣҿɲɣֻ˲ˣڶģүӿҲС
һһС˵ʲôҲҩһҧûҩ

룬ѵ⣿үӣ⺢Ժô죿

ҽݿڣ¹Ӣ˵סڸڣظҽݺʶɡ
ţһأҪ¹ӢͰ⺢ӴˣҪ¹Ӣ⺢ӡ

һһŲ¹Ӣſڣ¹ӢҵĴš

¹ӢһͶӿһۣ֪Ѿ֪ԼеˣȻ֪ˣʱҲԥˡ
ңѺӴˣҽݵĴ˵ʲôҲҩ

ɻ¹Ӣԣ

ܰǴ𣿡

¹Ӣ£̥һҪүǵԭ¹Ӣɲ׸档
Ƚɡ
¹Ӣ굹˱ˮ
ⶼü˰ɣҽϿ϶òˣҪȥҽԺĺá

Һ£һڱ̨ϣҾͺ¡

¹Ӣ˵ʲôûǸϰ˵ʲôҪȥ̥ʲôĻ˵ͦԥģȻôʱˣôˣɱֺ̥ڣٹֵͷ
¹ӢҲ֪˵ʲôҲȰ˻⺢ӣ»Լ⡣
ôӵİְֽ鰡ӣ˲ǸеģǱ˿ˣ˺ӣǲ˽ˡ
ںӵİְֵ˭֪ôʵ£껹˿϶Ըⱻ֪Ҫ֪˱޵Լڡ

¹ӢԸæ룬ѵ⣿
ˣ󵽵ûѺӴˡ

ܿ죬¹ӢյҪϲѶ
һسǵ֪ˡ

¶ҡͷ̾ôõ˸ƭˣ˵˺ӲŽĻ飬Ҳǲ㡣ǡ
޳ЩŮʱлˡ

Ⱦƣ̲סԳĴָҪ˵߻ǽߡ
㣬ЩŮƵ÷ģûһֵġ
СѾͷѺˣԺ󣿡Ǻ󻼰

ɶҸ£˵һƻŮδУҪٸ֪ǺӲ˵ģ˵ˣȾ͵òˣ˭Ը챻ָ˵ñӰӿ϶ʵˡ
ûĻѺӴˣҲˣǿ϶⺢ӵģǻܣϡ
Ҳ벻ѺӴԺӶãӣԺӹ̹ˡǺӾ֮Ĵ̣ʱԽԽ޴ŮˣӲҲڡ

һˣ˵ˣôģ׸˸󡣡

Цϡ
ҪˣС֮λһģʱɲκβء




57.  ֮λ         ʱ䣬ޡ

ʱ, ޳˶֪ҪˣҶʼ۵ĸλȥֵĸܽ渱λáпˣҾһ, ͵ķӵ, ˭εĿԴ, ˵еĹ˷Ļͦͷͷǵġ˼Ѿʼĥ˭Ĵˡ

󣬳ר¹Ӣȥ칫̸

Ҫȥ, ֪˰ɡ½칫Ҿ͵̣ϰˡ

ҪȥֵϢѾǹˡ
¹ӢЦŵͷϲˡ

ʲôģȥǣû׼ûءһ֮, ڳϴȥǶأøͷ˾ദ, ǿ϶ڡ

㻹Ӳ, ֪ͷȥⲻء
¹ӢЦ˵Ժٻض޳ɾӲ칤ˡ

, С˵ʵ, Щ㼼ģҪôƺ«Ƶİﲻһ仰Ҫô߯࣬˷ʤ㼪, ԺҪӲ칤ǿɱЩһŪңҶЩ塣

ǿɾһγĵ, ֻܰ潻á

㰡ôûһ

¹ӢһЦ ʱ仹̣кöҪѧϰĵطôࡣ

㰡治ģôʱ򣬿ȣʱҿǲܲ˵ͷһϳ塣ײ˸ͷѪˡ
̣һߣͳܹƱҪһ
˭̨ҶϣӰ㡣ֺ͹ѾȥˣǳǱΪȽߵģͷ׼ĿԺܴиҲ׼ʱû¾Ͷȥתת˽һЩϵ£ĹҲʶʶǲ㣬㱾ǼˮƽҲ֮ϣʤμܹ϶û⡣
˽˵ϣλõģϵҲһֱվߵġϱĳѡҲ¹Ӣܵλã¹Ӣ϶ҲʤΡƻĺúõġ
˭ó켼ɵĲأ͸¶Ϣ⳧֮λʮа˾ǳˡ
ˣ⼼ܹλþͿճˣԭϣ漼ְܹλ˭¹ӢҲǼҲأһֱıֶͻǿˣ¹ӢǰһҲûУ̫ˡ¹ӢһȥȻͰɵˡ˵¹ӢҲѾˡ
¹ӢҲǸͨš
ߣҲҪҹһµġѾΪȡˣϧһ˵

͸¶Ϣ¹ӢЩ̫ܳˣҽ˳֪֮˳˴ң⵽ӵʱ仹̣ʤβˣҵΡ

°ֻ֣ǰֱȥˣҪԼ
Ĵ󵨵ĸɣԺ˸ɱǿСͰ۸ˡ޳δҪЩƴҸɵˡ
ȻԺҪʲô£ʱȥңҿ϶㵽סȣȻˣ¹ӢҪǸ˻飬϶İ

¹Ӣл¡

£Ǿ͵ˣҲҪ︺
̵ûס  ˣʲôʱ鰡

תЩ죬¹ӢûӦȣֻȴţ黹ء

¹ӢĻµͷԺ׳Ҳлˡ
ǲЩ˰ʱ򣬶һ棬˾ͽˣڣȥģǰɱ˼ˣˣʱˡҲˣʲôʱҪǴˣɼǵҪҷϲǰ

¹ӢЦ϶ģҪҪˣ볧֤ˡĿǰʱҲʹ绰ģҪû׼;ý»ͦңԶʱ˵ǲСˡ

²ֹ¹Ӣ̸ſģ˳ԺҲбĻᡣ
һ⻰Ķˣѵȥˣ
ʮˣλᣬԺˡ
˼Һһҹ̣һ
ˣҲϵȾļŮˡЩһվ
ҲҹһءŵڼͶ㡣
ɺû֤ݣֲݾߣȻƾ⣬ܰˡ

ͷ취ȥˡ

ʱ䣬ĹֽС΢ģۿγˣɲʱ򷭴ˡ
յӵϢ£ˣ
ڰ칫ҺһСˣ飬һ˵ã˵ѹֲסѽ
Ѿʼ뵱˳Ҫʵеһϵдʩˣô˭ôѹ˭ˡѾķˣǺǣֻҪ˳С˱һӹ
ΨһǣûԸλȻ¹Ӣغˡ
ûϵֻҪǳһж˵ûл
¹ӢǼܹҲְλ֮£ҲϽƣɲǳǲӣô꼼ܹɲǰ׸ģס¹ӢСһ

Сð칫ңҪļ϶ʰһ½һ£ܿͿ԰ȥ칫ˣĶҪߵġ
صؼ˻࣬˲ŻλƳ˰칫ңֵĻĶкߡ

ߵ·챻һŨױŮסˡ
ʱѾˣûʲôˣֻż͡
ǸͬĹսǴԱǸŮ˾Ͱ˹ԡ

磬
һֻҪʮǮĶС
Ů˴ս죬䴵

Щ顣̫ˡ
ҿ˿ϽƿŮˣҪҲ

Ů˼ҪߣϽ
磬ʲôһ£ȥҼôҼҾ·£һѸһˡ¸ʮǮУӹҲС

ģľ͵챻Ů˲һ§һ䣬Ӿ˷Ӧ

쾫ԣŮ˼Ǽ·¡
̫ûɶˣЩˡ

ݣͱ䱻Ϊˡ
ͳʮģŮźˣٲĺô

Ů˽ЦŰǮֱź˷ˣֵˡ

˸ʮǮˣû뵽ִ˶ʮǮһʮʱת쿪۰Ҫת˰

켱͵İŮ˵·ˣְԼĿ

ʱ񾯴˽

ӾҪܣɻǱ˵ϡ  ˱˵ҸŮ

ûУûУңǱӲġ

ʱŮѾڴôӸӿʼˡǿҵģ֪һӵĸ˼ңӲ˽ǽ첻Ӧ еصز鰡Ů˵˵޵ҡ
ҲаȻץߵľˡ

Ŀѣƨ

񾯷ְѳ쿽סʵ㡣
ߣ»˵

ϣʱžҪγˣʱôܱߣ񾯵Ļһͷˮ£Եĳ쳹ѹ
룬ˣ϶С˺ûˣԣˣĲ

ڶ죬һյӡ
£¹Ӣͬʱˡ
ֻʱϵѾĳ




58.  ¼֮ϲ         ޳յ

޳յ֪ͨһͷˮ
˳, ´ӰҲǽİడôӵܹȥˣ
Ȼ¹Ӣ˼ܹǳأѵİࣿ
һȺ㿴ҿģһͷˮ

, ѾϢ
֪
޳, ˳, ֳһͷˮӡ
һƣأôû찡
һʼһΪǳ쾺ʧܣˣƢء
ֱ, ²ŴϢ޳һƬȻԳһƬ֮һӶסڶ޳ԺһŶҳˡ
Ҳ˵һ֮ѣһ̰һɫ, 󡣸˵ƽʱ˺õľͲһ, , ϶Ҳòȥû׼˻һȥ, ˵Ҳ֪뵽ʲô, Цһ

챻ְˣȥս
ǿjianû
Ů˱ǳ, һͲ˸׵
˵ֱΣchangyin, ȥս
ս˰꣬˰ĽͶű˳
ʱȻֻ˰ʱ䣬һж˷ˡ

־˳
¹Ӣ˼ܹ
˵ҪֱӵһҪһʱܵΣʱʱϵ¡

ʱ䱾ʹʱĻ˾ǿ¹Ӣ֪¹Ӣ˼ܹҪ¹Ӣףһˡڵ鰲źã˻ؾǵĳƱҲû¹Ӣ˵Ҫһϲ

¼ϲĸЦĺϲ£죬ζʱʱgeigeiЦ
¸⼸˯ĲãҹܱĸЦˡҹĸʱʱgeigeiЦͦûŵģ¸ѹ˯ãƻһĸԽԽĸϻˣҪŪˣָˣɲҹ

ҲոˣӣӰ
¹Ӣ˼ܹĸʲôܹܹģֻ¹Ӣ˵һĸһһǾǸ룬Ǿǳ˰ҶѾͷˣү¼ðˣ

ĸ˵ǼӢӵˣô󳧵ĸǲ⳧ġ
˵ͷȷʵǡžһƬͿ֮

𳧼Ժ˶û뵽¹Ӣô˸˵һôദǿ̫֪ˣɶڴλϰһҲͷġ¼ҵѾͷĵǹ졣һ룬˼ͷϱֽٶȣһҲϲϰ
𳧼Ժ¹Ӣϱֽ¶ĲˣĴ¹Ӣ˱ֽĸҪűֽڼԺúһڣĸʱʱŵЩֽҿһء
٣ǵб°

Ժ¼ҵϲһһ

¸оԼȻû˳ˣܵ˵Ĵ˰˭кƵض̧Ҳû˿ûº۸ûûСĵ٩˵Щƨˡ¸ıֱͦˣ˵ЦԱǰˡ
¸Ȼû£ĪȴġЩ۸ģܰųûֻܰԱˣôһĿ¸Աˣƽʱ·ֱʱ򻹰ӣԼû˲ҼƵģûµģܰüĳЩ˺£ЩɶأСġ
ɼʲôã㵹Ƿ𰡣ɾͲ¸ͼֻΪԼ˵ܵģⲻ
ĸ˵ٻҲãĸʱͺ޺޵룬ˣ

ڣ¸òˣΧһƬ޺͹ά֮УҲֱͦˣҲֱֱͦģЦҲˣٲǰηηӵˡ
֪Ϊʲôĸ¸⸱־봷統ǰͷڹʱ˳ء

¼ҵһϲ¾¹߷ֿ˸УپǸˡ
Լģ¹ʹɲһʹɳϢ˰ۿ¼ҪһѧˣԺ˶ʺۡ
¹ҲԽԽдˣʮСӣѧϰãİ׾ϲرò۲ϹĶܿǼѡ

پ¹ҵɽˣ·ҲСѧˡ
¹Ӵ·ǮȥӵĻڣƽĻڶŪ˾ǡ
¹巳յǺȥСѧǲɽȥǸСѧģѧУѺӸˡɽ϶޳Сѧصشˣ˵޳иʦ̵رãֵλʦһ꼶İࡣ

޳СѧյĶǶ޳ְĺӡ˵ҲЩְݼҵĺӡ¹Ͷ˼

¹ǸҪǿˣײԸ⿪ˡΪɽ¶ĸ¹Ӣڣ¹ӢæɽŪ޳Сѧȥ

ѵæǺѧĴ£¹ӢȻ

޳СѧУά죬άæǣߣһȥλУʦ˳ɽ˶޳Сѧ

Уά˵λʦ
ԭʦӢĸס
ά̾ʦǰѧرѧʶСѧˡڻͦѧȥְأʦܾˣ׼Ƕ޳Сѧˣ˵ԺҲȥСӡ

άص¹Ӣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
¹ӢҡͷάҪӣֱӵ㵽˵˵㲻˵ҾŴ󱦴ȥŴ󱦿϶֪
㿴㣬ܹƢġ죬άǲ²İȰ˵һѡ

ԭʦڴѧν̣geڼʵЩǱԼѧġ
άԵʦӰˣЩѧˣȥѧνˡ

޳Сѧڶ޳ְԺıϡ¹ӢڼԺֹһ׷ӣⷿװҲûôסøɽϢá
СѧԼСʳãɽÿѧУʳóԷ
ѧȥſڵ¹ӢȻ¹Ӣһؼҡԣɽ¹Ӣסˡ
˼Ͱ¹ӢɨʰԺӣ¹Ӣס
ɽǸڿĺӣ֮ǰ¹廹ǧģڿ㣬ɽɲ͸ڿˡ¹Ӣô˵á
ܶ¹Ӣ߶̣ÿ첻ɵڡ
ɽ󣬳ɨʰԺӵģûɶˣ·Լϴˣǲϰߡ
Եúסúõģ̻ܸ·򱾵ģ㻨Ǯ͸Ÿ̶Щˡ
ɽĸϻʱͻоΣǼҹõˣСܶûúã뵽Щ;β̸Ǻ㻨ǮأˣͰǸϻȥ㻨ǮĸȥҪúѧϰøĸСܶϺӣж̣Ǯˣ͸öööҲ㻨Ǯ

¹Ӣаɣɵ͸ɵɣֻҪѧϰС

ɽ˻ȥдҵʱҲ¹Ӣȥҽݰæ˵ɽͦϲʶЩҩĵģҲãүӺ˵һЩҩĵҩܼס

ɽѧ£¹廹¹Ӣ˵һ¡
ƽʱæŪﻹҪʱһιռҲæƽҹĴ֣ôǰæ

¹ӢȻûʲôͬģֻ¸̾ôһóӣȥֲ˵̫˷ѽ
㣬æˣҲǣֲ뼸ˣʼǳɱС

¹ɽѧ£ãɾҲʮ㣬ԾͰ֣ˣĻˣ˴־С




59.  ⧲          ϻ𡭡

ϻ𳵵ʱѾǽʮˡ
һ˻, ȥҷϴȻȥ¹Ӣſţżܸ¹Ӣһϲȥϰࡣ
ƺͱ飬ڴĶſ, ¹ӢſʱϾϲı顣Ͼܼ¹Ӣ, ϾͲԾ¶Ц

¹Ӣμܹһ, ܼ豸
κ󣬾л豸ле, Ҫл豸ˡ豸һִģǱȽϷĵġ
ڼ¹Ӣ⣬, ˵ֻǹ棬, , ⲻ˵˾̰˵ġ
¹ӢʼһӼֳʼ촦, ĹϽΧ˵
ԼһϵҪĽķ, պһʵʩ

¹ӢһЩҪ㵽
ΪµҪһΡΪ˱ʾӭЩϵģгĶγεĶҪſӭһ¡
λĸ, ͲʮѽӣǴӺݵġ˵Ǿ, ΪЩһֱںְһҲˡĸ׾˵ֵˣŵҲˡ
֣¹Ӣ;ö죬һʱ벻ҲЦЦû̫⡣

¹ӢԺλ¸ĸϣʰͣʹˡ
մţͿվ峿۾ժЦĲõ

¹ӢͦȣϾЦô⣿ⲻôˣҲǰһôվǰһ
ڸѾúϴһһҲ˼𳵵ƣݡһװñӺīǸѧģźرʱ֡
էһϲ
Ҫժ۾¹Ӣϡ

ϲߣȥϰࡣ

ȥ޳ϳ㰡ͷ֪ˣøȥ

¶ڶ޳ˣ˭ôĸŰ˵ǱҲ£ѾϾ·ˣڿһˣŪ˸ۼֻ֤Ҫ룬ҵݾǸ̡ڸŴģҲܱġڵݿɲֹ̩Ķˡ

¹ӢԱ߸ŸСܲͷ⺢ӵԴϸǶӰɡ

šɽ塣

ɽվıֱɲǰҳݶĺá

һɽͷ ⺢ӿžͻ顣
׼ݸɽһǦʺУġţļ񡣡

ɽӣ¹Ӣ
¹ӢŰɣлл塣

ɽŽˣЦۣлл塣

ɽµǦʺи˵طͬǸرͬԼǦʺ԰ڣ˵ùôĻģϹˡ

¹Ӣ粢ţɽǦʺȥѧУˡ

Ҳ˰ø㡣

ţлл˾Ǳ߰źˣ

ţڹ˾³ˣʱʱ̶̿ţٻȥҲû¡Ǳ߹˾ˣܳʱ͸ˡ ԽԽˣҾھҲ˾ҪھҲǮҾͽתƵߣҲط־ˡ

ĻͦԶ¹ӢбھҲסһ鰡ط־Ӷˣ

ٺЦ

ͷٸ㻭Щͬװͼʱôš

˵ž͵˶޳ſڡ޳ſڸ֡
޳ĴСɲĶڳſڵŻӭ쵼أһЩǴֵġ
¹Ӣʱ򣬳ſѾվ˲ˡ

˵λ쵼̨Ӳһλ쵼̬ȣʵ뷨˵컹˳Сȥء˭Ĵָ

¹Ӣ޳Ҳû뿪

Ҳû£⿴ֵȺҲſءܾͽ࿴¹Ӣ

ֻԶӵСƽȵʻ˶޳ſڡ

¹ӢʱЩ㱡
ֵλ¸ʱ¹Ӣļˡ
ȷе˵¹Ӣļ䣬ԭļ䡣

ԭ¹Ӣûнյԭκμ䣬ԭκ֪˵ļ䣬Ͱǳʶˡ
ڣ¹Ӣλ¸һ֣Щļ䣬ҵ˴Կס
λ¸һĻĻڸԺС

ѧͬѧ
λͬѧѧУķУ쵼ʦͬѧϲ
ѧϰãҲã˧ʽ̸Ц崺硣

˵ԭˣҲġ

ٱҵǰԭˡ

ʵǿ¹Ӣ˵ģֻͷѧϰǲеģһͺѲ벢ᡣ
ԭĬ˵ҪǴδοԿһδοѹһͷѹ֪ﻹһˡ
Ҫ˵¹Ӣֻʺϸоȥϻ죬϶Բ

ԭѧϰãûһõóֵģǲῴ˵ģԺ϶Ҫ;Ȣһλӡ

СԺ󣬴СĿȾģ֪ôΪ˴¡ſ̹ʵгǸԲ

ίľܾԭЦſ佱͹ԭ뿪

ԭɵ˵ίҲȷȷʵʵľܾˡ
ԭֻ谵Уսһ⣬񿴼˹⡣ȫȥ⣬ϧⲢһʧˡ
еĹʧˡֻںޣôŻ룬һֱԶԶĿⲻΪʲôҪȥأɣһξͳˡ
ԴˣԭһֱѻһʧȥȤ

¹Ӣ룬ԭֻܲΪ۹Ȳġ

¹Ӣͬѧþòڱֽ͵ϼ㣬һΪֻͬͬյأ˲֪㡣仯̫ˣٲȻ߳У԰ᾫӢ˰Щͬѧ˭㶼ĲС

¹ӢЦЦǺǣ˹ˣҪ˵ҲǴ㡣Ҳû뵽ĸ㡣
λͬѧѾӣԭҪ֪Ҳˡ
ҲѣһĶС绹ûȼڣˡ
֪˱һ磬ʣµֻˡ

¹ӢĲڣֻͬѧ飬һŵû

¹Ӣ¿Цһʲôܹұ׹ʲôġԺҪˣҪжΡ

ɣΧҲ׹ԭλĸܹͬѧ

֮ؿ˿ﶼ

ԱߣȻĸ֪ϵɫǺܺá

ͷˣָ¹Ӣͬѧ˶ܸɵģԺ󣬶޳˵㣿Ҳ֪λö޳̤ģֻλ̤Ŷ޳ȥɱڶ޳¹Ӣ
˳ǲˣⱲӾ밲ڳλϵˣɲ˸ȥ
ЩΧעҲڸλ¸ĺϡ

ȵʶԵʱѾˡ

ֻһذѾĸ

־ߣҲǳĶӣŶ޳Ĺһһ˳죬׼һѰѲϵذͱ

ͬʱţҲ׺ݵذ¹Ӣ˹




60.           ¹Ӣֵĵɴ󡭡

¹Ӣֵĵɴ˫, ֻذԽԽת˲͵ǰѾˣֻʶܰذһ衣
ذ׻, ʹϮ
¹Ӣ, Ǻƽ, ϸడôѪ֮ˣг¼, ԩ޳ģ涼ûأӣвյŵͱ

Ŀ־ٴϮԭĸһʱһĻ, ʱĸ£ʱ˿־ʹ, İ, ۣ, ĸһ, ˡƽûĸ
¹Ӣᣬ˼к¡

ȥ, ȥҼϳµλӣǶ

߳Ů˷ħ˻¹Ӣ·˾ļ

Ѿɱ, һŰٽĸ׳Ů˸ذ׾뷴ָһ
¹Ӣþȫץס½ǿס𣬲ֵģΪȥβֵġ

ŴҲ˹¹Ӣµ屻סˣͳȥк°һѳ˵ϴ

ΧһƬӼУ¹ӢѾ˲ˣֻԼһѪ
ĸģǽŴӳлûʵֶԸĸĳŵûĸѪôءⱲӻһףĸ׵ĺء

ߣ־һ֣Ѿγذף׺ݵĶͱڶˣ־ߵıˣϻֹסĳ졣
㣬㣬ҵڴͥ¶ˣһҴͥڵĶˣҾҪͥڵϾɱһӶˡǼҵķӶҪջȥ
ôҶĲɱǱˣӦôҶ͸ôҶĲҶ
ˣȫˣһȥһڶû˹Ż˳Ц˵õϱҲˣʲôʱôùľ˵һжǰ˸ˡ
ϼһﻹŰǼҵķջȥһҳ׸ϳ޳ϾɱĹ͸òú

գۼͽ

˴ӾзӦ

ַ쵼ãһʱ䰲ȥ绰ҾȻ˱ȥ¹Ӣļ߽űк˰ѳ־Χ
Ȼ¹ӢǱߣѾ˰ѳ߷ˡ
ס֣ˣҲˡ

ĶӾֳۼ־ĵҪͱȥǵȲˣԽˣų־߳ȥ
־ذ׶ӱȻѽǸһ·

˶ʺãӳȥǣ˳־ߵעӳ־Сȡ
־߱һģ˵ڵء
˼״һӵϣѳ־߸סˡ

ס¹ӢҪȥ壬˫ֽס¹ӢðѪ˿ڣôңûµģʹȥүӺͰһܾ㣬ס
ŲͣѪ˿ڣ۽ǻˮ¹ӢĶڶ££һӣûôõʲôֻ¹ӢֻҪ͹ˣֻҪž͹ˡ
סԼ˫֣Ҫ¹Ӣ

𣬡ôŵһ·µʧѪˡ
ƽŷ¡ȥҰҩ

УԼҲġ

Ŵ󱦺άǿأȥأһܳһ
¹Ӣ˵Щѣ治Щ¹ӢỨ

Ŵ󱦺άлҲѾϵ¹ӢԱˣ׷׶֤ῴ¹Ӣ

¹Ӣȷʵ˿ţǷͳ־ҲѾסˣȾܡ

˼ͣڳſڵСȥС
ܽͱˣźͶӡ
죬ҰȥҽԺ
ԣϽҼȥҽԺȻҪˣǶǰס˶ҪǴ

һųţһڳǰ

ӻк˼˰̧˳

٣caocaoͷӾ򳵡
̲סcaoͣҪ¹ӢһŲȥ⵲쵰

һųŵӣ˳ܡ

ˣӾͰѳӵ˾ץ˹Լ׵ҽԺۡ

Ҳ֪òȰ˵ӦֹѪҪôȥҽԺĸ죬ֱֻ߸ûɴҲûҩƷ£žȻ
ֲϹ⣬ӣ׶༪٣һסˣˣͷҪû׼Ҫ˵ľΣŵˡ
ͲҪȥһˣλܾܲȻͿ󲻴ˡ

Сʻ룬ת¹Ӣߣס¹Ӣ֣£ҽ˾ȻȻܿܵˣûµġ

¹ӢѾҪˣʶԶ롣

ͣðѪҲͣѪٳģۿͲˡ
˾ӺӾӣֶڶ̫̫ˣҪ

ҩ䱻ŷɱ

Ǵɣ죬ȸҼ־߿һֱѪҪˣˣȸɡûǹɾҲ֪ˣŮڲͣԶͣѪĶӣ޵ңĶӰѪһֱǲҪˣžš

־߱סӳڵϵذףͱ˳־һԳ־߲ˣԼѾɵϰˡ

Ż˻ȿҶӣ˵ĸذˣˡ
¼ҵŮСʱҲ˹ȿǴ磬¼ҵŮȥҩ䡣

¼˾ðһһ߿ˡ
Ҳͷصı¹Ӣ
ں˺İ֮䣬һԥģԶѡںˡ

Χ¹Ӣ˴һÿÿ

Ⱥ˵ǲˣΧˡ

Ŵ󱦴°˰ѳ¼ҽܺǰ濴ֵĶΧ˭ҲŴӢӡ

¹Ӣҩ˰Ѫӿһ

¹Ӣ֣ôû°ɣôˣ

û£û˵ҪʧѪԵġһʱõġ

үʱҲĸ˹ſŵܣүץ׳

үүڣʱʹȥһ˵ˡ

ס˰һ밮ȥȳ¼ˣǣβó־ߣͷٱ¼˸ϡǱˮˣľ˻һɧ

ôʱȻ˹ƬҲ˹

Ȼˣ˼Ƕò㡣

״ͷȻˣȷʵòˡ

¹Ӣ̧ȥҽݡ

־̧߱ϾȻȥҽԺ

űȥɳȥĻһĿߡ




61.     ¹ӢʱѾ

¹ӢʱѾǵڶˡ
ʶ, ƤϤķҡ
һ, ʹʹĻָʶ
¹Ӣü, ֹЦ, ֪ˣǻš

ˣо𣿡
¹Ӣһ͸о, ¹Ӣ΢΢˫ۣ

¹Ӣ΢΢졣

ĸæս¹ӢŶ˵

šá
ˮеʡ

úúã, ŪˮȥС㿴
ӵŶɰŻ, ѺӷھӼҾ͸ܶ޳, ˶޳ָҵҽݡ

ĸ¹Ҳڡƽ꼦û¼, ĸ, һ֪¡

ȥڽˡ¹ӢһжһѾȥںүˡ
ǵϴ˵ˣӢ˾͸ںǡ

ž˰Ҳ˹, ˺תתݿݿģĸ, ˡϽȥò㡣

žƲ죬ôôˣ⻹˵أһ㶼ӡ
ǿиԼ𣬡ӢˣⲻչչԺ˰Ҿ͹

ˣ㣬ҸءŸߡ

žȫ߱ĸߣŤͷĸԹ˵Լģ ˰͹ĲУҿϴϴ̵İӢˣһӢӽء
֪ɽСѧˡҲ֪ԭҶӻһסᰡżеʲô¶Լأòӵһˡ
ԴӳºžڿɲˣӿɲǺǵˣ¶ǲȡֺȡķʽˡ
ҴѾͷɽСһ꣬ҲСѧˣҲҴѾͷ϶޳СѧûӢӰңǼҰҺӢûʹѾͷȥǱСѧȻתѧ鷳ġ
ѾͷҲסֻҪȥ޳СѧѧͳɣҲ̫ԶôѾͷܼ·¡˻ûܸɿźܿడ
žһţһ¶Ժ˰͹æʱǵڿ㣬ֺõ㡣ӢˣӢӼʱž̴žıĸƳš

¹һڣүӺͰ̾͹¹Ӣҩˡ
ҩһմʪ¹Ӣ촽һιˮ

ողųŻҩ¹Ӣ˿ڣֿʼ̲סĨᣬˡ
¼һȱµú
ĸѾ¼һˣֿʼ̲ס

ǵˡˣûˣܺá

ĸᣬɶĲĵġεÿСһˡ
տŸ¹ӢϸιˮԽԽ⡣
˵㴦˶Ҳ˵һ

¹Ͻĸͷ裬ϴ˵ҪӢӺúϢ

ԶԶԣӢӺʡͷȺúСļͥúһʡ

¹ӢЩˣ裬ǲöҡȥϢɡˣ˯

Ͻ̺ʹȥ˯ɡžС
һһ̺ʹĽе൱С

ĸ»ϲ
ۼ¹ӢѾۣ˵˯˯ˣĸҲƴǣһûô˯ȷʵŲסˣȥ˯㰡

¹ӢԴ˾Ϳʼڼ˵ӡ

Ҳûڣʱ˾ǣ˵¹Ӣ˵
ο¼ǰúˢˢڸУæǰæչ΢źţĸᡣ

ڼ䣬¹һءǿ֪£Ͻ˼ٻˡСģ骡
ĹųֶӡĹųɷ˵ǲϵľء
骵ļò¹һǧһ⣬Ķ¹Ļϲ
骺ݺ¹ŷ³

ҪҪûҼ˰¹վڳŤ骡
ˡԺлɡ

骿뿪ˣ¹ߡ
һſָĲҲ

ĸóʱû¹ˣһٴ೤ʱˣҲ֪żң㿴ĨĻģϴģⶼʲôͷôëˣ

裬Ͳˣʱ֡㿴ôͷôһ̣ÿ¹˵Żĸǰת˸Ȧ

㣬˵ÿ

¹Цÿ

¹ӢҲЦŵͷÿ

¹ģ֪ĹӦûĲĸҲˡ

ڼ¹Ӣ죬Ϊݳ¹ͻĹˡǰĸ¹䣬ÿ±ٻһأȻȥĹȥ

޳Ҳַ¹Ӣˡ
Ŵ󱦸ʱʱһˣ˵һЩ޳Ϣ˳㽲һЩԡ

ûȹ
־ߵǱ˹ʶȻҽԺѾܿˡ

Һͳ¼ұסڡ
̧ͷͷġ
Դӳ챻˽ȥ˳󣬳¼˿һҵͲԾˡ¼ĸȥ̽ӹ󣬳־ĸӿһңǿʱԽԽɭ
й¼ĸҲֻŲ׻˵նݲ紵ͷ˺ݣѳ¼һӳ׸ϳ޳ʡԼƤӵ±ˡ
Ҳ֪֮ʺûڶԳ¼ôˡ

һһܹ޳εֵĴ
¼ĸӱץô£ôӵ£¼нԶ׶մһߣ¼ԶԶģ¶ˡ
ŮСûĹֻҳ졣

ſ޸ͣŮСӣսﳹǷˣǼ³ˡ
źͶ鷳ߥ޵ġ
ʱһҧ
ΪԼźͶӶ˴һܣʱʱʲôģû뵽ĸȥɱˡֻǲӹ̫ʹˡ

ǴǴǷ𣬾ôͥڵȥɱˣɱˣͲ֪͵͵ôĵĶ׽Ǵģģ˻Ҫ

ջںޣ֪ʹӿסͲø˵Щеûƨĵ⼸ºˣԼȥٸˣʲôôôסˣָԼһơʹԼֿʼʹĴʹӣһӶˡ

Ȼ¼ĸӴһ棬ô嶯ҲȫΪߥ޵ģĸϾɱǾһӶû·ˡپǰӹ̫˳̫ˣԺţԺ˺ģƶһ䵽ȵף̫˾϶ЩܲˡʱǱһɾôۣɾ֧ţͲܲ˵ĳɱˡ

¹ӢǳԲˣ;¹ӢҲ˺ôϳµ˳Ҳܼܹºˣ¹Ӣ꾫λӣ϶Ҳ뺦ϳˡ
ŲЩƫִúÿûһöǺ꾫ʹһк꾫
һ־ֱӱ̣Ŵر˶ʮꡣ

¼ҽڶ޳Ժ⵽ȫ޳ְͼĵƣ˭ǶԶԶġ춼ȥ³쵼ŵģǸϽ֪ͨߣɱ˷סһԺ϶˯ȣ˭֪᲻ʹƵģõͱء
¼ҽǰ˶޳Դ˶޳û˳һҵټ

ϰһ£ҲǵѪùҲĻᡣ
޳ûгܹڼˡΪͷץλᣬֱ˳

¹Ӣϰ󣬶޳߲ĸֳױˡ




62.  ĸʧ         붬ǰƽ

붬ǰ, ƽʹֻѴŪ˳

Ūֳ˲
ϾǿģϾ͸ֹˡָоôֲˡΪһϸĴֲ˺͸ʳҲоġ

ｨú, ƽ־ͰѲȥ
ƹ, , ӺͶǵÿЩ
Ӧ¹ӢҪ󣬻һݮ

ۼ߲һĳЩͲסԼ˫, ˡ
Ĳˣٿɽͷļ㣬ɿļ, ¾㱸ֻǷ˰Ͳһ˰
԰, ļӦ, ݲڻ¡˴춼߲, ⲻҪǿ, ݰ
ĿȿСݣǮˣ͸Ĳ԰ӣֲ, Ը㣬ʳƷʾбˣܰѷһ, ᲻͵ǰ

˵ҪҪϻ￪ݰĥţɻзֳɣôҲһǮˡ˵أһɽͷļһӵܣ㿴Ժ춼ȥĸ߲ˡ㿴˳ãྫ񣬻ЩྫǼҿŶȱ˼ҵĺá

ƽôһٿ䣬¶ɵЦҲôΪģǲ˼˵ɰﻵˣְ˵Ķ˵˰̹

ôõʳģټҵգҪݣ϶Ǯ
ָͷƽǰСʱ롣

ƽЩĶСôǮ

ǵȻ۵㣬϶ǮҾûǮȻ϶ԼˡϰܵǵǮ¹ʱˡԼС꣬ͷġ
ǴûţСҲûţֲǡ
ﵹǻЩǮҲܰǮ˰ɣܵøЩѹ׵ǮҲǮˣʡٱժӡ

ƽЩ飬 СݵûǮ

ҪӻǮЩҪǷ˾˼̧ӡ

ƽһˣӶòǮذɡ
ҸǮĲˣΪ˰үŪ˲ǮͷûɶǮ
һЩģƽŸˡƽĴϷӺ¸ǼӣϼҸĸסҲܸЩ꣬ƽֶֶŮҲ˵ˣ·ӣҲ˵õ˼ҡ
ƽŹǮЩȥϼҴΪ˻صؼǷ

ӿüԼϵķ⣬ͻȻ۾һҪӢӣϰӢӰɣҿӢ϶ǮͶʣǸӢֳɡ

У𣿡

ôУӢԹôǮ϶Ը⡣

ƽüҪȥСˣ߲ûˣֻһæ

ĸŪڼҲšֲġǮ
˵ˣĸҪǲԸ⣬һ£ҿھ˽¹Ҳû˹ܡ

У𣿡

УôУֲǲǮ

ǣҸ˵һ£
Ӣ˵˵ƽЩԥ
һġȥӿСȥȥҪֲˣͼֲˣġ

ϣúø˵ϸ磬ҿ㡣ֱۺڴƽ
ֵĿⱲҪ꣬ҪũҪĴ

¹ӢĲˣϰˡֻĸ¹岻ģҪڼһܡ

ƽרŹ¹˵¡

¹òǻ£ݣֵЩˣļ㣬ЩҲһ·ˣҴҲ˵ˣǮˡ¹ҲЩĶ
¾ﰲſˣֺƽһ𳴲ˣһ֣ҪææأÿʱȥˣҲ˳ְæ
ڽߣȷʵ裬ֻ֪᲻÷¼һ̯¡Ҫ費Ը⣬취˵ⷹ濪ˣ˵æǮģ治Ұٷְٱ֤

¹һ飬ƽȥ¹Ӣ

갡

ƽһľһϽǷ꣬ǷݣСݣͿСԡҪӢͶȥǮ̫ˣһǮզ죬һز˱զ죬ó˯žˡ

¹ƽͣ СɱͶ̫ǮȻѹ˯ˡ

ƽϽͷǣ˵Ķԡ

¹Ӣ̲סЦˣģܺͺ쳤ؾõİɡ
ҲططˣڳǶиĺԺҲţλò˽˹ݡ

ûߣ¹ƽʹȥĸԺǱתһȦ
һĸԺͿʼⲻСһλˣ

¹ӢǮطƽָӪ͹ֵˣ̰˺ͬ˽˹ݵ¹Ӣռٷ֮ʮƽʹָռٷ֮ʮ塣
ǩ֣¹ӢǮ˵طͲˡ

ֺƽɾĲٳ֣о飬ҪʲôĺԺôװӵô׼
ƽǸôҲǸжɣ˽һУĶɵĶ˵١ϵĻͦãɵȻġ
˵ˣȡڼͰĺԺ˽˹ݿ

ڽߣ¹Ѿĸˡ
ĸһ˹ʣÿ»İٵɣһĴȣ̾˵ȥ

Ҫԭȣû׼ĸԥһ£ûаȥˣ˭ٳּ˭˭ӣһ˭ܣ

¹Ӣˣס˽£Ҳû¼ûô¸Ҳûжˣžͣ˰ӵģӻҲͦõİ¹˵ˣ˸оֱסУˡ
û¸ҲĸﻹͦʧģüûҲνԭûôҪûҲת

ĸﱾͼʧֲþġ¹ôһ˵˵ȥźźǸĸȥźЩ˵ģǮֳļֵ
ӢӾ֪ˣŮ˰ԼбǮӢӹģԵĺȵģõģǿˣԼŮǣҪǸ죬챻ָűܼǰ㿴Ӣӣ˭˵˼ҶԼġ⻹˳Ų˵˸㶫͵㶫ģû׼õͲ͵ó֣䲻Ӣӡ
㿴ЩӣӢ϶Ǯˣ⼦ԲϺ̵ģЩûϡ컻ŻĸӢӲǸӢǸӣǽһʵڣ˵δר˴ء
ʱĸֱֱ࣬̾ǰ׻ˡ
ԣ¹һ˵ԥľͬˣˣȼΪԼܶСˡ

¹ӢۿָܻϰˣϽȥ
ǹ˾˲СѪϽȥȥɱˡ

˾ͻ˰ɣҾͻ˵ˣԺڡ

УˣԺ͵ӼҺ˵ˡ

ٺЦӢԸİɡ
סĵСȣһȥܶܶɣܲȣˮƽɡ
ҲҪע壬ÿܶүӸѰ

ţİɡ⣬䰮ˡ




63.     ¹Ӣָϰĵһǡ

¹Ӣָϰĵһһ

쵼ӻ, Ըоˣи߲һߵķΧ
Ҳһμյģ˵Ǽᶨվߣһ
λ¸ʮ, һ۾, һΨհ, 쵼ӻᱻò쵼ӻᣬ㱨Ļ㱨ᡣҲǵͷĵͷ͵ĸ͡
¹ӢЩ, ޳ѾôŽ쵼¶޳ȥһɺг

ר¹Ӣ״ע壬Ϊأ¿˵ĵĻ, ְʱ似豸ϵһЩ¹Ӣ˵˵

¹Ӣˡ
ò˵ȷʵ崺硣

쵼ӻ, žͿᡣʱŴʱʱ˵˵ӵ, Գڵٻ˽ģټϸոָ˵һЩ, ˵Ҳνϡ

, ¹Ӣͱ°칫ſˡ
쵼ЩҪǩֵļ

ЩļȥԳֱǩֵģԳ˵¹ӢϾҪϰˣһа³, ˵ʲôҲǩ˵Ҫ¹Ӣǩˣøȥ

¹Ӣӹļ, Ž˰칫ңȷɡȡ
ۿˣ϶ҪʵһЩļôҲҪܸˡ

쵼ǩֵ£вӰ뵥ݼļͼż鵥ǩء

¹ӢЩļ˿ͦżģ°ɣȿ
¹ӢЩļڲٵͼļ϶ǩ֣żӰ뵥ԥһ£Ҳǩˡ
ʣż鵥¹Ӣһŷſˣǽµ޻Ľ鵥
һ޻ļϸ񵥣Ŷ޻ļϸ񵥡
ϸϣԱ鳤ǩˡ
¹ӢЩϸ񵥣 Ȼôżھȥԭϲֿɡ¹ӢЩӾʹȥԭϲֿʵһȥ

¹Ӣ⻹Ҫȥԭϲֿǩǰûһ
һ£Ҳ£ԭȷʵеè壬Դӳ̨רŶˣеһж³׼ٶһֽˡԣ飬ɲ¡

¹ӢѾźϸ߳칫ˣֻøϡ
··ʼˣʹ˸ȥԸŶȥôҲ֪ͨһ

ôһ飬¹ӢѾԶˣϽܼϡ

¹Ӣԭϲֿ⡣Щ޻ηֱڲͬĵط
¹ӢźϸϵΣȥ

鵽һ޻ʱ¹ӢһǽϹŵıʶƣٿĺϸ񵥣ͷˡ
ʶȷдˣǶ޻ɼϸдȴһ޻

¹Ӣüû뵽һ淢ˡ
ϸ˿޻ȥһ飬ȷˣǶޡ

ô£

Щ£ʲôôˡ

¹ӢѼϸ񵥵ݸϸôдһ޻
¹Ӣָǰ޻˵⵽һޣǶ޻

ǰ޻ȥǽϵıʶƣԼĺϸ񵥣ʶκȷʵϸдͬһκšⵥôͳһˣܰصضԹһģٳⰡ
Ͻȥ¹Ӣŵӣǵһ޵ĵӣŶ޵ĵӡɵˣôڱһ޵ĵˣ
Ӻһ£ŵӾԱ͵͵ˡӺңˣø¹Ӣ֮ǰӦټһġҲ֪ĸdanҪ

ʣܰѱ˻˵ӵ³¹Ӣһţ϶Ҫġ
ҪǰҲװ׵ģȻ¹Ӣ飬ɹؼǰÿǶҪôһΰѶ޼鵥ĳһ޼鵥£ҪǷǰľ˿϶ܷ

¹Ӣʵĸͬǰļϸģѵ֪

Ȼ֪Ϊǿ˿ӵģ˺ôġ¹Ӣʣʼð亹
ǲСĸˡ

Сĸ޶ܸһޣϸдʱ򲻰д𣿺ϸд궼˶һ£Ҫô㣬Ƕ޻ȴҪһ޻ļ۸񸶿ʧ˭𣿡

˵ֽűͷ֪ʲô

ȥѺٻ鳤
ٻⵥǩֵļԱ

¹ӢüԵˣ

һ߼Ťͷȥˡ

Դӳ˺С΢ˣʲôǮҲˣصˣŵƤôҲû뵽Ĳӡ

˿ŵ֪ˡŵϵ־Բǩģmlgb˷ıʼдġ

˺󣬺ٻ鳤Ҳǰŵˡ
˳ŻЩŶʱֵġ

¹Ӣֱʺٻ޻ģ

ٻǸСģ¹Ӣ˸Ͻ֣ǲǣⲻҼģʵҵǰǼģֻдӡ
ȷʵ֪ô£ֻдϸӣ쵼ôдôд

¹Ӣü˼ǣǰǸһ޻дһ޻˵ģôԱһд֣

Աͷû˵ʵÿζôдôдû˵ʲôɾء¸һͲкµɲ˵

ʱ򿪿ˣǰѼСĿˣдˣϽĹҺ㷢ֵļʱǳӼʱֹˣҪܵ쵼أܷǷֲ˵⣬ǰɡ
ٻ´οҪע⣬ԺɲôĴˡ

ң֪ˣ´ҿ϶ע⡣

¹ӢԽǣֱӷԸȺ󷽵ĳȥǰ

ӦһͿ첽ʵȥ

ʵңǰϸ˵һ£ʾʾģҪǰ򵽣ҪùˣҪǲųԹ͸Ͻʵ㱨Լժȥ

ǰҲ飬Ϻһʵҵļų˿ⷿߡ

¹Ӣʣ͸Ͻ޻ļ˳¹Ӣ
쵼㿴ʵҵ޻ÿμˣҾдһĵӣԭԼţӡֽݸӡǸⷿһݣһݡ

¹Ӣϸˣϣ޻ȣʵȶϸļȼҲдһǶ޻

쵼㿴ⵥϿд޻˵ⷿϲҲдĶ޻ҸⷿɶԵϣһϸ񵥿ɲҵ£ҸļǶ޻

ⷿʱҲǰļ˹ȷʵǰԭԵϡ

¹ӢʵҸǷݼأ

ڰ칫أⷿһġȷʵǺٻдʱˡҲԹңҾǰдģȻû֡

¹ӢǺǣɲ˵ʲôģ⣬СĿʲôġתͷǰǰļûУ

УЩҶءءǰԼһļ

Щ鵥ȥһˡҪȥǰĸͬûֶһֹ

ǿʼ߳亹¹ӢҲʵɡ

¹ӢվŲкһ
߰һȥȥ

áĨ˰ѶͷˣҪ¶ˣ͵ϣ˵ԼĴʧְˡ˺ôϵģ˭Ҳû֤ݡͷöһɱ˵©졣

¹Ӣʵҵļ鵥ȥ˲ĸֽͬÿ궼ôһλεĶ޻ǰһ޻ĸͬĿ

֪ܿ¶Ҳ˲




64.  г쵼ӻ         䡭

ʵһҹ, ϲӣܸоˣҲ˳֡ͬǴѧҵĳ

ǻ޳Ҫһ, Ҫö޳Ȼһ, 쵼ǿ쵼, ޳ôҲҪȳڵʱðɡ

Ȼ뻻ûʲôƷеǶ޳һ档

óҲǿԸ

ڼôʱ䣬Ҳ, ȻѾ׷ˣ;Ͷˡ
㱨ںϸ϶ֽ¡Գǰˣ϶һһ׼ԼĿԸץвһ񡣵Ȼ, ûи˵ԼĿֻ˵ץЧ, óĵš
Ҳ, ֻҪԳ㶯С

ֻû뵽ξȻûںϸ϶ֽš
һ칫, ЩǩֵĵӾ칫Ϸšû˵ʱ, ⷭȥⷿʵҶԹˣû뵽Ȼˣ˵ʲô, ˵ûֽŰ亹ˣѾ»㱨ȥˣǲֽôУԵĲˣԺԳǶˡֻ, 䣬ô죿ôܱסԼڳǰΡ
ذ칫ҵһ·Ӷġ

ЩҪǩֵĵԹĻ˰칫ңѵ˦˰칫ϡ
켸仰ˣЩҪ¹Ӣϰǩˡ
Ǹʱͻᰡû֪óģ±ʼЩȵĶ׺ˮôͷһ˲Ϊͷ
Ҳ춼ڰ˰칫ң˳Ļĺϸ񵥡

鷢չΪⷿӦԳģû뵽Ȼ¹ӢѾһ˭Ҫŵģûôֻ࣬λá

أͨ£һǻôһ¹Ӣȫǰ
ļƻ¹ӢǩֺЩӾ͸õǩһˡ
Ȼǲǩģ죬ȻЩӣһЩȥⷿһ¹Ӣڿⷿ¡

ֻû뵽¹ӢôȻܿⷿЩȥˡı¹Ӣˡ

û¹Ӣôֻ˳ôһ¶ѣֻͨһ̣¹ӢԺǰҪһͷԺҲ÷ܡ
¹Ӣôһ㣬ƻȫˡ
ЩܻϻЦŵġ

ʱһҧԼˣҲȷʵʧԸܴ

гǰר֪ͨö޳ҪŽѰܶԹ˺͸ɲ̫ˡ
£ûһ˻վ˵Ҫط
ǹ֣쵼Ĵȷе˵ĸĴ˶Ǹ͡
ɸڿص괦ۿҪݲˣ͸ɴڿصˡ
뵽ԺҪֵ»ˣұ鶼Щ΢

˳˼

¹ӢҲϣ޳õģϣֻҪĿһµģͲᣬҲվĶ档
ԳҲûжļƻʼֳǴóʼ촦ġڳҲûν˭ˣֻҪܰѻɺþС

εĻᣬ¹Ӣȷˣ뵥ʼ촦뷨

һ̾ˣ䶼һ˼ת˲֪ٸˣ¹ӢǶԳİŲ˰ɣͬѧҪһˣ
ҲǣȻǼܹˣԺչ˳֣ؼ˻дɽǲΥģ㻹û취ܹܲ
찡ƽˮɣ滳ǰʱºͳԵӰʱᶼ۾²ģ©һ䣬ڣ쵼ӻǶ᲻ʱͲ˯ˡڣ¹Ӣһ仰ǿˣ˫͸˷ܵ۾ˢˢ¹Ӣ

ȻôĻҪĸࡣ¹ӢǲǶϤԼļƻˣҪԼһȻ˵ĶԣСκһ˰û뵽Ǹֻ֪ͷСﾹȻɳ졣

¹Ӣ˶˫۷Ź²ĵ˵ƣ飬ǾȻôȤ

¹Ӣеʼ촦뷨ʼһҪĹ򣬹ϵԭϺͲƷ飬ӦøκβκҹӦһĲţκβŵԼκصӰ죬κⶼӦȷָƷĺϸǵ;ǵͣĵҪĽǼҪĽ⣬һζڸǡ

棬¹ӢԼķɣôɴİ˻Լ˵Ҫ⼼ĳôԼǶԼûһˣòԼǲ½ˡ
Ҫǲͬ⣬¹Ӣǻվȥɣ޳ʱ仹̣¹Ӣֵ쵼أϣ¹ӢΪõģϣ¹Ӣվȥ

¹Ӣ˵ͳϿҽ͵㲻Ҫ룬Ǿóʼ촦бҪҲƻˣҪϢһʱ䣬ˡ

õĿڣ֪˭ʼ촦

¹Ӣ̹кʵѡ𣿿ƼƼ߾һ߾֮ʤιС

һ㶣ѵˣ
̽Ȼʼ죬ʼ촦˵㡣㶨

ҪȫƸͨʼ췽ļԣپѡΣǿʼ촦ѡһ飬ҪǿУЧֺõĻԺʳһѡ˲ŵ³̣ȸ˻ᣬҲܵȫĻԡ

һȾˣ¹Ӣ治а尡־¹ӢʮֿУⲻǷҪĸĴ

ǰ㣬¹ӢֱѾƸѡεö˲˵ϸڶˡ
ӣﶼ˱塣

¹Ӣ˾Ƹϸڵ¾к¾ͽˣ³̡

ϴЦͷõģõĳ
走ģû뵽Լͷˣ¹Ӣû˵̺žһ˵ɻĶ

ʱˣʵҪ鼼ʼ죿

¹ӢʵΪȻӦù鵽ʼ졣ԺԳʵģһЩо

ʹͷԣܹ˵ûôˡ
һȦЦʣһʲôһᡣ

ҡͷЦǺǣֱ˻ʲôᡣ




65.  Ҫ         ˼

˼ʼҲҪӼֳʼ촦ҪƸϸڡ
Щ˳ƵĿٴȫȫ۵, ǶԾƸϸ£·û·Ķڴ˼ϸһģЩ
ʼ⾺Ƹϸ, ǻ, ϾǱȱ˸ʼ췽°
⼸ʼ̽ƽʱʲô, ôɻġʱʼԱǳŽᣬĺ«Ƶ, ûһػġⲻֹ÷ˣԼҲ÷šԼ֪ʶǶʵʵģ±ѧȥ˻ᡣ

ǰҲĥ, ⾺ƸϸҪģ϶Ҫġʽļû, ֻȥ, Ҳ֪ǲģ, ץӷε, ˼Ҳһû˯á
¹ӢʵʵʱƤȥѧвˣ¹ӢҲĸˡ¹Ӣϲϣ¹Ӣʦġ
ǰǰ¹Ӣ, һͶ¹Ӣ칫ҵſڡҲߺʲôģѾƸҪ, ľĲ̤ʵûɻ͹¹Ӣˡ

һģôм£

ǰ֪쵼ʱ䶼Ҳӣ쵼ξƸ¶𣿡

ġ

ǰһģֿЦˣĿ䵽ʵˡ

ô±

쵼㿴𣿡ܱ𣿡

¹Ӣǰ´ǰѧڷϽ˼Ҳ¹Ӣ֪ģп˾תתģѧѧǸģ˻治һöࡣû׼ܾƸϡ

ǰЩ죬쵼

¹ӢЦˣҿС

棬ģǰ۾ˡ

⾺Ƹƽ˶лᡣֻܴ󵨵ıΪƸ׼ʼ촦϶߾֮ͣҿϣ

ǰŵЩƮ߸˵ˡ

ǰߣˡ
ðף˫۾¹Ӣܾй㶾ҲʼһʼԱ¹ӢΪҲʾƸµġ
ɡǲҲʾƸ£

ҡͷԾƸûɶȤԼ֪֮Ҳ֪Լզܵʼ촦Ρ ǡ
쵼ɵΪ
˫۾˵Żͺˮе㻢Ŀ˼

¹ӢҪһŮͬ־ܵϸֽһ壬һˡ
˵¡Ȱһ̣˵˵ʲô£

ʳûл񴰿ڣÿԷ⣬˭˭ҽҶҺüҲáԽ˵Խʣίˡڶ޳ȥ˶
ʳõķƱֻÿµ׵ʱȥЩ⻻ʳʲôͻʲôֲֵ͸˵ˣΪԷʳ˲ֹһأʳõĿרŸЩܳԵĸˡ
տʼΪ»ˣᣬˣ˱ʰû˸⡣ҳĲֹʰţߵҲһʰͬĹѣ鳤ץЩ۵ĶȰˣȰ͸ɴˡҪһˣôͷˣ첲šȣһСˣ˵šʲôšĹŹ֡ɹһˡ
Ϊ£ȫЦЩ˿ˣһغᱻʰһأ˵ɵ㶵ģžǸ壬ȥˣڵûϸϱڳӹļѾˣ⻹ֲϱˡ
;ãѾǹغԷˣѾغµˣҪǲֻܽЦˣᱻʰ£Ⱳڶ޳ͱ̧ͷˣ˵ֵϱˡ

ˣͲˣbiһʵ²쵼̨ˣҪ˵һһأܹζðͰˣܹ񿴼ϣƵģһĨ˰¹Ӣˡ·ѾˣѾѧ޿ˣٲͲܲ˵Ĵ´ˡ

ڳжٻ񣿡

һ

¹Ӣüһȷʵð졣
ҪǶˣ˵ʳÿڣɾһ治ô󶯸ɸĿ񴰿ڰǿʳøЩ
ҪʳǱÿ㻻ЩҪʳģ

ǰҾôʳòɡ˵⻯˵Ҫ˶Ҫôɣʳûˡ

¹Ӣ͸˸绰һˡ¹Ӣһ˵ Źȥһˡ½ˡ
ʼ컹ûֳȻǳȹ̯

Ŀ϶¶ˣҲûܣȥܹã

㶼ûȥô֪ãȥҵ̬ȡ

ҪǳǱ治أ˵ڲڳˣɳǸߵģҵһûȥ

ͰѹʳõʼԱȥ

һݣˡ¹ӢҪˡ⵱쵼ĹȻȱֶΡ̬ȹСЩ
˵Ϊŵ˼¹ӢҪʼֳȥԺҪ¹Ӣֵ»죬϶ֳܱ
Ͷ˳¹ӢĶͷ˾⵱쵼ʰ㻹еǰ취ⶥͷ˾ĹϵҲ¹ӢʰҲһ뵽⣬Ҷ¹ӢֳʲôˣԺСĽŵɣʵʵʵʵɻɲ¹Ӣӱʰˡ

˻Ҳˡ¶ôҲҪˡ¹Ӣĵһ£ȷ˷Ҫǰ첻ãԵ̫ˡû׼¹ӢŤͷܰ˰ˣѿˡҲɡ

ܼѾλվˣ֪ôл쵼ˡиԼ쵼о治Ҫǰ쵼ôȥʳֵôѿ
뵱ôظģԼ취ɰ㻹ֱҳȥҪߥԼȥȥⲻģһ١

ܹ쵼ذ
ڰͲóٸһѿˣԺҪȥʳõʼԱǺǡ
ţҪ淭Ժ¹Ӣϵɽ»գ۵ġ

Źߡ
Сӣʱת˰

̲סٺɵ֡

Ȼǲӡ
ѾĲˡҪǴӦˣȫǰӣǰЦģ»عͷЦǳˡ
ļ˶ԳĵġոֻܿԼıֽԳû
ֻŤͷԹˣҿ³ɣȥʳʼϰɡ
Ӧ
𣬳´ǽлǺҲû˵вǣǿ

¹Ӣߣ͹ˣάˡ
ۿҪˣɻðңɲΪ쵼ͶҲܲˡ

У֪ˣ̨ʸǰɣͷ͸д

ҪҪĿԳ˵ˣҪҳ衣ҪϳһеĿŮģЧ϶á
Ϊ˽ĿЧάҲǹƴġ

°͸绰ߥҸ˺ϳȥ

άϽ¹Ӣϵĵ绰סҾէֵ뵽˾һ˵ɱ棬Ѿ뷨׳ˣ͵Ҹղŷ˸ƨǧ档άۺ󣬿ɱر֪ˡ

¹ӢЦҾ͸㿪Цŵģڰܳ㰡

άɿίͰ͵ģǲܳңҲðԺҪɵ
ˣ̨ʸ㾡ҹ⻹ץʱءһ£˰άҲҴȥҲҴҡ




66.  Ʈ   ǰʱ䣬

ǰʱ, ޳ҪƸҪٰģٵ޳Ե쳣æµ
żǰ, ڰѾƸ³Ū˳
ʱ䰲ͷһѡ쵼һ, ɵ۶ȡ³̸һһ, ڲŵĿ϶
³̶ɿôܹˡ
ð³̿ʼٳ־Ƹ, ź滹һµɣͷۣ鷳ĺܡ³ѹ
˼ңСһ, һԼ뿪, , ôˣ⼸컹Ǻúúȼپưɡеѹеѹ, ܱڿǿ˵, ӲùȡôһԱȣʹˣСҲˡ

ڿغ, ȷʵùȣֱ쵼ϾȲˡ, 꿴䲻˳ۣûǿ񶼴ŵӣ˵Ҳǹġ
ЩȥſڲɡģڳſһվСʱ⻹꣬˰칫ҲǳдǸģڿصӻۻˡҲٻǱסˣһ仰۹ʣۼЧ۽֮ǿǮ

Ǻ޶˳ģԴӳ쵹ù泩ĺܣ鶼˴롣̲סЦŸ̾쿪ˡ

ڿأû˴룬һѵˣкɫǰɵЩĴ£ܺˣֱôûһʰȥ

һʱ䣬˴ֵģȻҪβó̬ȸҿһҿˣҲûܾ˵ˡ겻ǣҲڿһɰɶҲĥߴߵ߾ȥˡ
һŵ̬껹Ϊ۸ˣǱ䱾ֹɾʹȻǮˡһǮǲȵʹˡȥУǮȥǿɲСһʾͰۻˣ꾹ȻһĹʣ̲ˡɵǲɫ浱Լǲèˡ

̧°ֺŻʱһǿҪ˰ɣӻŮѽҲ֪⺢ӽ˭ɱǹŮ˵Ů׵ȡ
˵꣬ЦЦĶꡣ

ؿöӶʹۿˣָǶŮҲֲ¡
ŤͷԼ칫ȥû߼Ŷӵˡ

һcҰҿû˵ɶ

˵ˣ칫Ҳһ
˽˳ӵĳȥҽԺ

ҽԺȻҪѣˢˢ

ǳ鴤ʲô˼ǣֲֲӣǮҲֲƾʲôǮ

˲˵ֻ˿Ǹ˵˻εġҪǲ£㾡š

̲סֿڣǵѪùˣȥǮˣǮһȥľͿʼۣʲôʱǮϳԹȿˣ˵ʲôҲҪЩȥǮҪ

굽ҽԺˣᣬҲáһʱ䣬˳һӡ

굽ûǮ˺ʾʾ껹ǮֻЦֲֻỹǮ¡˻Ǯû⳯ҪǮͲˡǮ

˺껹Ƕģϵˡ˭ĶءɰǺ޲һҧ
Ҳ£ģԸƵġ˺ԼĺùˣǷǷʱʱòò꣬צצӾûͦ˼

ڶ޳١
¹ӢԼµĴ֡°˼еϼٻǽҲһү»ͼ껭
Ѿɨһˣ͵ҲùҺˡ

ҽرá
¹Ӣ˺ͱҽˣ͵ҽԺͳ־أһûȻһȻȻˣҲǹˡ
൱͵ҽԺ˶ˣ͵ҽݵĵ¹ӢأѾˡ൱иҽݴһ棬ԽԽ࣬үӺͰ汾µģҽݵȻԽԽãҲ

¹Ӣ¼ҹġ
ĸһƽŶ˵᲻ɽͷļڽǱ߹ˡ

¹Ӣգգۣûɣ˵᲻ЩԲؼҹˣȷⲻڸ˭

ƽʱһ³ĲˣһӼɱõļֻͼ㣬ĸõ̲ˣõõͷӵȡ

¹ӢĹǣĸһ·޳귢޲иƽȥ

ȻĸǴӿ϶ҲǱ˲ˡ
ҲͲ¼ˣֱȥǱ߸ĸһˡ

ڼҿأ¹Ȼˡ
ôǣϵģôˣ绰˵ݳ䲻䣿

¹ͷСݳҲġ

ôǣ¹Ӣ¹鲻ԣʲôίˣ

㣬һˡ¹§ס㣬̲ס

ˣ¹Ӣɤ̲סһ
ڵСﶼôŵ𣬶δС
û£ǻˣʲô¡
ûû£ޱޣ˵˭ôģ
¹ӢС¹ĶӣСʣˣ

ҸշֵģӦòһ¶㣬ҲҪ⺢ӡ¹߿ޱ˵ںˣϹˣ˵棬ұ档˵ǼҲȢġ¹Ӣ޵Ĵ骣ԼôͱôɵˣΪԼĹžŮˣ֦ͷˣԼˣ浱˶ܸƵģ
ת¹ֺ޺޵룬骼ʲôǿùλеĽ졣

¹Ӣˣʲôģôˣ˼ҵĹй˭䲻ϡ㻳븺𣿡أȥ

𡣡¹ס㣬ùųøǲľһ֣ԺĹŴˡܲʧ˿󻹰ѹҲ㶪ˣˡ

Ǿôˣ

Ҿ͵ҧˡ
¹Ĩᣬˡ
ҿ϶Ҫ⺢ӴˣҪ⺢ҵͻˣ⺢Ժ͵û£һĹźúóҵĸ衣ԴӸ骺˺ľûڳˣˣôҲҪ

Ҳû˵е¡˵ҲǱŰѺӴǱȡˡ
֪ԼкȥҪҪȢ骵ʱӾʲôЦƵģڶǵ骾ܾʱ飬һɵӡ

ˣ㻹˰鰡ŲԵġٺһʱģôһƻ飬ɾͰ˰
룬¹ģҲ̫ˣҲ͹ָͷˣôܸŮ˽飬ǸյģҲá
ãյģŮ֮϶ٶ˵ЩҲȦˣܲȢͷ¶Ļʱ̵ıñӰ˵ŲԵģȢĻʲôԸɷøڵĵλôȢʡٲҲгҵǧ𰡣¹ģʲô

¹Ӣ¹˱ˮˣ

ţİѺӴˣһҪҡҲñ֪£Ҳ֪֪˰Ҵ

㻹֪°˵㣬ʲôûô͸˯ˣ˵˯˾˯˰ɣҲ˵ðȫʩĻ㣿
¹Ӣ¹ͷ˵Լ˵Ϲ룬Ҫһ벻¹ӢҡҡͷϽ¼˦ԺϽο¹䣬û°ſģǻˣ֪ҲһʱͿˣǳһǵһǡϴú˯һҰѰĺȸѰ˵Ҫ治ҪǾĴ˹
ҸŪȥӣⶼֳɵģȾͳɣúܡ

㣬˯

õĺõġ¹Ӣţǲ˵ҲԼ˯




67.  ŵԵĽ    ڶ죬¡

ڶ, ¹Ӣ˵ðԼᶫѰӸں˹
¹Ӣֻð¹Ѹ¹ʲʺϴ̥ϾЩ˵, ǲʺϴ̥, һ̥ԺҲ˿ɾͳױˡ˳ԹûŮĿడ

¹Ļ, ʹȥҽԺ̥֪мѵģմ£Ĺء

Ӣӽ, ɡȥҽԺͳһҩҸҩºЩ
вʺģвʺģǲСĻУȴֳеյ, ǻܷŲܣۿһʬҲ˴̥ѵҲǾԵġǾ͵Сʲʺϻˡ

¹ҲȥҽԺ, аȫСȥҽԺ˶ӵ, һϳô졣
㣬ҲȥȥҽԺô˵, Ǿİɡ, 
¹̧ͷ¹Ӣۺ

¹ӢЩΪѣڵ, ӢӽиûүүôŰ壬¶Ǳүү֪С

¹Ӣо̫ůˡ˵̬ҲԽԽ˵ˡ¹Ӣŷ, ֪䣬ˡ
Կ򣬾һǳɴģˣһС糤һͦεСˣѹҽݿСŮԽԽˣ¹Ӣͻгɰ

¹̲ס޳лл㡣֪ΪˡһΣҷģԺҿ϶ҾҲ鷳ˡ

ʲôģģϹ˵ʲô¹Ӣ¹ԴӴ˺¹ӢٶЩˡ

Ҳº͵İο¹ʲôΪѲΪѵģҿǴҪǲ˲ңǲء

¹ҩ²ҩš
¹ҩһֻмᶨûаԥɼ治Ҫ

¹ԴһܣͷҪߡ˵ֻһܵļ١ҪһҪҵ޲һɳһҹ骲Ƚŵ¡
ֻøдЩעһ¶עЩ²
¹Ӣ춼ĹŴ绰ȷȷʵûʲô⣬ŷ
¹Ӣ̾Ȼʡĵĺ˲ġ

ӹҲʹ졣
ùø˸Ѿ̸ۼˡ
ԤڵĲ㡣˵˲㣬ˣĲǼϲ㡣ûﵽԤڡ
˵ùòӦܸøܡںˣĻ¸ָøˡ絽˽ˣһֱøܰ˵ʵϱءø߶һֱŲʵġ

Сʱ;ùýӻؼСסԴӱ˺ǳסùüˡ
øҲ֪ĶΪ׶ء
˺󣬹ùüһˡùö˵ԺǹøҵĺˣöնøˡʱϲģʱҲᣬڴԺԾҵĺԾˡ

ֻǰá

ǵõܸȥùЩһøͿʼЪ˹˺ڶǵùͷɢ󺰴еӣЩ£ʱһΪù÷ˡ

ҵ˰̫ˣĿĵĶȥ
֪϶֪㾹Ȼʮ갡
Ҷӵĸ߹ٺ»ֱˣӾӾ


˵˭ԸһؼҾһͣءùûȰһȰùþŭǰǡ

ģøͲؼˡùҲƽ
ҲˣھĻùøæ˶øѾܾûǹֶǰ¶ˡǲŲʵġ
ǾҶӵĻҲһ㱻ˡⲻ׵ľͲ׵ģøûӰ
һӰٻ
Ϊùùúо仰˵̫ˣ⻰̽ˡ
ùǶ߶һжܵģǷģñܵ˸߹ٺ»ƾʲôҲܷһСӵеһжģԺˣµһҲֶӵġ

ֹùãҶôΪġ

骵̬ʼվݼҵĺӡ
˵Ĵ֮Աǡ
˵жӣûжӣǴϼҹһҲҪѪԵϵûеĸӡοӾ˼ҡ

ڲӶЦˣ˼һΪ˶Ӿˣ˾˸ҵĺأʲôЦأôûжˡ
Ȼź˵Ļ˾·Ҳ֣׶ӡ
˵϶ˣ˵൱ѾǸˣѧʶмб£Ǹ͵Ļ˰
;ãĻ˶ǣ͵ĻǾͲˡ
廹ͦ⣬Сӣϱ˵ǿ
ˣ黹Զ𣿽˻뱧ӻԶôͶӾˣһȺġ
ˣʱҪСץڲӸǺúðһ
Щ˸ۺúÿûжӡֹжӣжϱˣӣ

ڽӵ绰¹Ӣ˸磬Ҳ֪˭߶ء

¹Ӣӵͨ绰ǾǷ֯еģ¹Ӣµķ֯豸ĸĽзרҵƸ¹Ӣָ
Ҫоɹˣ޳԰۹µ豸ȻеҲ¹Ӣʺͷֺ졣

е˵Ƕ·֯豸ԤĿ꣬Ҫ¹ӢԸĻǻŰݷáڶ޳ߣ¹ӢõģǾͬģ˳ɹ޳Ҳܻģ۾ܹ豸ʡǮء

¹ӢʹӦˡȻѾͬˣȻҪӦ¡ܲ˾̫ˡڶ޳Ҳһֱ豸ĸĽоҲ֮ˡ
ԸĽ֯豸ġã޳ķ֯豸Ҳȷʵøˡ
ֻЩĹ˷
ڶ޳Ĺ˱͸ԣҪ豸һ»ˣƱҪ˳Ӧ˲Ա
ɾǲ豸޳Чʵ£Ҳ飬ȻҲᱻȼˡϴȥݣѾо޳˼ҵĲˡԶ޳ƱҪı䣬ܸʱĲ

ڲͱ䱻Ϊ

ȥͨиףҲΪ㡣ϾǶ޳ĳЩȻø



ʱմմϲϲ
ûã͸޳˾ƸƶȣҲĸĳɹˡ
ıֺ⡣˵еĳѾճҵˡ
پϲ£ҪˣСԺ骡骶ûʲôӡˣһֱǵ骵ġ

СʱסԺֵʱǸ飬ԺеͲĴڡЩ߹ӵܶĴڡЩǰǰġİԺġ

Ҫ˵ҵ£ǼҲǲôסԺңǸ̫ӣҲǸļ̫ӣҾ׹ùãο׶Ѿˣֶӵ׶ذ˵Ҳˡ

ֻЩ˵ǲãҲ˲ǡԺ·ߵĸ˳û׼ܸһ

Щĺġ
ֱ¹Ӣ˵£ͲǺˡ
ԱΪʲô˵ȥǸذ󣬵ʱЩΧ龰ˡ΢ã۵㰡ᱻܶɣµǻӰ;

ҪоôҲüɣ̳飬Ϊάˡ

̵쵼¹ӢҲģ˭Ըһ̵ܶݱ
˵ãˣҪߵ·٣˵Ҳ졣ɣӦùˡ

һе찡
õģ֪ˣһ׼ġ
˵׼ΪԼ׼Ϊ޳Ĺ׼ЦӦ£Ѿʼ·ˣؼҾ͸ܲҵŵĻᡣ޳Ҳֻ̤壬һһ߲𲻴ڲ̯£һȥɡ




68.  ֪         ں֡

ںһ˲õĴ¡СӾȻӢˡ
͸¶, ˿Ǻһʱˡ
ԴǴܾӢ˾ͷˡ
һ̯£ھź¹Ӣ¡£ӢĹϵҲͻͽˡѾ˫ˡ

Цһ, ӢŮ˰, , ˵ʲôϲԼ͸Լֵܺˡ
ٶȿɹġϲҲ̫ˣһ, ģ
ŮˣܼԦˣ
ΪԼɵСϵġģñӢԵģ

ųӲˣܵ裬̧ס
, ô£

ЩŤ󣬡֪ʰ, ⻹˵, ٺ٣ⲻ𣿡

ر, 㲻ϲ𣿡

ӢӢ𣿡Ƶķʡ

΢, ǴĿģǲë
Դ֪¹Ӣ˺ӢûװС׻ˣҲûɫϵǾľ, Ҳеģ赽ǴĿӢġ
ҲܲӢỹǼᣬǵӢ˼, ɵСӿеĹͷʣҪǵɵСӳԿö졣

һһĲôˣһ㲻ӣ۾ʹء˵ڿñ˵Ӣ㲻ǣҲС
ŲӸ񣬡ɱɫ۾ˣΪ㲻ϲӢڮӢӢôˡļǿǸ˿ģҸǰˡ
Ҫ˵ëӢ㶼ϡ
Ӣðô˲ϲӢòǣһԲ꣬𾪵̧ͷŵ磬òΪӢϲˣﲻ˰ɣ

̧־ͺݺݵ裬ҿ㲻ֹëҲˮˡôû㻹Ǹ԰һӱŮҹȥݺݸ輸ӡ

ۡŲض㣬ˣˣ˶ˡҵøϽȰѲ͹ȥ˸òóˡϽŲˣһܸȥˡ

ɳϣϳüģɵСӣ޵ʱ

ڱЦ˰֣ˣŴյԡ
磬ҿɸ˵кüҹ˾ڴӢӽȥءһΪƼӢӽȥ۾أǹʿϸˣҿӢӽͦĶġҹ˼ɣۿֵܣҪ˭͸¶Щ

ҿллˡ
Сһ첻㽨ڿӣһ첻裬ﲻǰɡ

˵ҪҪӢӽǹʰȻӢӽ᲻ܱҸȥüӢӽôܸɣ϶ϣӢӽġ

ǹǿ϶Ҫǵģ磬ҲӢǹʣ²ߣӢȷʵ˴æ

ӢڸҲ˵ȥ۾¡
ҪҸ˵˵ǹʣ

Ӣҡͷǹʲʵ£װ޹˾ҷӵĿռޡұ۳ҲϲۣǾǸ˾ʺҡ

ȻûˣѾĸɻɶ⹤ֲϲóģαίԼΣһӾ£ķĸɻǮأȴЩǮȥֺźһŮˣȻ˾ǮģҲ˰ٶİɣӢһ뵽ЩŶԼϲǮȻЩǮȥֺñŮˣֲʥĸǸ˴򹤣ˣ
ְˣֻһֱûҵʵġ
ΪƼȥˣһҲųõģзӲƷĹ˾ΪΪΪϰ֣׳־ҲȽ˾ԼĹȻģ󣬿ǰܿҹ˾ؼǣϰĴ൱

ɲϣӢȥĹ˾ðһ°࣬һӰ࣬ϰµĶʱʱӢҪȥʲôΪƼɾֻ˰ܿӢˣҪһӸ࣬ö೤ʱܿӢһذвУ˵ʲôҲҪӢӢǹʡ

跹û꣬һ˻
Щ΢ˣ˵Ļǵù˵
磬ǲ֪ʱ乫˾ȫҼӢӢءʱİһץġȣֻ΢һ㡣
˵ǲǸʾЦһġ

΢飬ʲôʾ
˵˵ҿڹ˾ҲʲôãǷֺͱҪˣҶÿĻţӢˡ

СֹǸ˰ҹʶӢӢˡ˵㣬ӢӢǹʡ

סˣֻǴ⻹ûأڰǮϽԼϽȻԼװǲǶˮʹҡμ£ܲܰˮϳܲܣ

磬ôң

ǺǣѾ²ˣԼԸͺãֻԺɱޱӡ
ɳϣŶͷۣһ۶뿴

ڱϸ¸ЦĶۣԭô޹ϰĵİ˻ûȢأͰǮϽ˰ҪڴñЦһӡ

ȭͷв£æ˸ЦŷŹ

Թ˵㲻ǹʣ˰

ҪðϱӲΪ鰡ɵİɡ
⹫˾ֲȱӢ͸ɲȥˣôǵðӢŰǵװ𣿶𣿶ˮЩӢܸɣѹ˾ľ⹫˾𲻵áߣҲţнƸɻġ
ӢˣӢˣԶˣû׼ѡ
ڰĥӢǹʣֱĥŲꡣ

ȻӢ˹ʣӢ׻Ǵְˡ
ȥ¹˾ǰӢ¶ĸһ˾ǡ˫ҳ˳֤

ӢСˣûˣȻټķʱ䣬һʮŮ˿ɺĲ
ȻѡԼϲģ˶ȻҪѡϲԼԼõġ
ɵ˵㣬Լ¡˵ᰡǿ˭ϲСӰһ飬оԼˡһʮŵŮˣһʮĵģЩСġ
˵踸ĸ˫ͥϵ򵥣ֻһүүһܵܣүڻ˸ҲԼԼûţûдСӵģˬܹŴСӵָֻˡ
ҲؼǣܰȫϽ
Ӣ룬еźôʮȫʮ氮룬谮裬͹ˡ룬軹ܰϽһͱȰٷ֮ʮǿˣʲôģ֪ˡ




69.           ʹˡ

ʹ˵绰
үյŶָŰѼʰһ, ļҾ߶µġ

үӸ̾һôȥˣӶˡǶȢӣҲĿˡ

¹Ӣ֪쵽, Ҫҳ, ˰һ, ʵ뿴ļˮĹﾹȻˡһ۾ߡ

ֻû뵽˾ȻӢ
¹Ӣ𾪵Ŵͣ˵Ҫҵ񡢴󷽣ˮĶ
Ǻ, ˾ġ

Ӣҵıȷʵġ

үӶԼһ˯ѧĳ˴ɶеɵҪܵͣӣⱲֻҪȢϱС
үӱͦϳţû뵽˼Լôҵϱˡ˵˸ͦĻϱˣһ, Ӣĸ׻ʦأһҾͶĻ˰, ÿ˼û衣
˵Ӣ飿ʲô, Ӷ⣬ʲô, û˼ҹһĽɵ, ӣүӶûۿֻԺǵĺӿǧԼӣ̺Ͷ鷽, ϱɡ

¹ӢЦǺǴкˡؼҸϽ˸绰ʲô
һ绰Ҳû°
˵ЩԹ趼Ҫ, ⻹ûءҿɶʮˡ˵ɶʱҲѻˣ
¹Ӣ֧֧ģ˵ڣǽ˻ôɶ𣿡ˣ߻ˮأˣҵȥˮˣͷİ
ŵ绰߷ߵ룬ôûˣ˻ϱˣͿԸˣÿζֽˡȽ˻æҲһ»ؾһˣΪģΪ¹Ӣ˯һҲʱʱһˡһ뵽§¹Ӣ˯Ҳж

Ӣ˫ҳĵڶ죬˾Ͱ֤ˡ
֤ĵסӢˡԣסӢˡ
֤ӢؼҺͱӢƴˡ
˵ģӢЩˡ
账֣׵ġ
һɢźɶϢǰƣ˵һʮŮܵס
˵ֲǻƻŮˣʵǲеһģһʮŮˣʲôðȫʩˣɲʲôˡ
ⴿС˵ʲôҲԸ⣬ÿۿҪеһˣͰԼĿ֡
һͨҲ֣ؾһ仰ӢӢӢۻû֤ءû֤ء
رԭ˵ʲôҲҪ֤˲ܸ
ɰӢǺ
ԼǿҸŮåǸСֱ˹ˡ
Ӣֱˣǲˣ

ӢЭˣаɣ֤֤ɣҲҪˣٲˣӷҲ󰡡

ڣ죬֤ˣܲī˰ɣӢ޺޵룬Ҫٸīֱӷ
һʼ軹ЩߣܷŲû뵽һĴҲôߡܿ죬͹˲úˣӢ׵໽УһΣĵһΣŮϣʽ豻ˡ

Ӣˬˣһɴˡ

Ӣ˯ˣ費ˣûأôãڵóԸˣŸտʼͽˣ
˵Ķҹ˿̿ԼǸˣקӢزŷŹ
ӢδµĻ䣬ֱӳˣڵָ붯ˣ̱ˣ˯ȥǰԺΨһͷǣᣬǺãӢЦһ˯˹ȥ

ڶ죬Ӣ¹Ӣ°ˣصص¹ӢμĻ硣

ĻͶաȻǶγޣӢҲûίԼοͷ飬̫ܲʲݡ
ΪӢŻϰ࣬ʱеϣеһ㲻٣Ϊʡ£ӢֱӰ˷ꡣ
ⷹ껹Ƽģ˵ʶܸۡһʲ֪Ȼϸ翪ķ꣬ϸһֲţû뵽ϸ綼Ϸ˶
ӢȥˣǸĺԺ˽˹ݡζ
ڲǮһûǮټǮԼأİ嶩

¹ӢӢϲǰʱһ

û뵽סҸڣԺǿɾھˡ
˵ڶǸˣû뵽㻹ȥһΪ޸޻û˵ģⱲӹҲ͵ͷˡ

¹ӢӢ˱裬ҲˣȻ˭ء

ӢҡͷпܣңǣеİءҪ˵кҲвãһãǾǹʲߡ
֪һ乤˶Ǯ𣿼ϼӰѿܱһöࡣ

¹ӢǸĴһٶࡣһû׼ñࡣ

ڽҵλнȻֻ٣۾ͷڽˡ㣬ҪҵãһǧĲ⣬û׼ࡣϰ˵ˣֻҪɵúãʿ϶곤

㲻Ǹˣ

û˵

û

ӢͷһһķûУġ
ӢĥŵܹǮҪҪҲԼϰأʲôʱĳײȽŵʹ졣Ӣüʲôأܿʲô˾ˣһʱҪҹ˾չˣһͱˡ
Ҫ˵أӢھǿ˳ۣˡ

Ӣ¹Ц˷¹Ӣò˵ˣĺãһҶԼ˺üꡣǺǣ㻹û飬˵Ҳ

¹ӢӢⰻȻûԹ⻹û

˵һǮ𣿡

¹Ӣû˵

û˵ӢڶЦˣ㿴ˣʱȲ˰ɣҲࡣ֪ҼҽɣͰǮϽˣÿ쳯һ㱨˶ǮǮˣɶˣʣҽġһ𰡣̤ʵġҪôĳϣҲܸ֤鲻ǡ
ǹˣҵȰһ䣬ĲϵˣɲܼޡҸǰǸѪܵĽѵҸ˭Ĺʾ˭ģֵģɶˣҲʣ˵ܳһʹܹʹˣǲˡ

¹Ӣ
ѵΪ㲻Ϲ죿
ף϶ΪĲֳģӢô˵Ҳû

¹Ӣ˼ģӢˡ
Ȣ˼¹ӢҲÿ˼ԸԸ޸㣬ǺǣɲܹҪҲǹĲϹҪɶʱȢϱ

ӢЦк˲裬ǡǰ¹Ӣձϲư

¹Ӣ񣬡ŶŶ

Ӣ˵Щ¹ӢЩģӢ˵ĻЩġһȷʵĲϰȱǮҲ̰ͼǮ̬ҪаҪ˻飬ҲǲҶϽģҲԼ㱨ۡ
ڿ˵ԼأߣÿԼûӦ˼ôͱ˹ˣԼͲ˼һ£˵ܸо˵ʲôƵģĲϰ

죬ˡ
ǰɽ䡣
軹ûڰѻ˵Լˡ

Ӣʲôޣ֪ĻΪǿء

軹ûأʱ˵ҶôᣬҵôôãȢ㡣

һ˵꣬ҾͺôЦ

үֱûۿ

ĸοǹŮǼ޶ˡ

¹ӢܺãμӻˣԹˡ




70.  ˹         Ӣ

Ӣĵڶ, ˾మĻˡ
ڣһ붼ģһܻԼסң𼱻һͨ, ̸Ǿһ, ԼһѶͻܡ
ǰӢĻ, һţŤͷﺰ, Сӣ˰ҽǮϰգҸҼӢӢֵǳԷ
˵꣬ҲȻͷҲصıˡڵűһ, ˡ

ʮûΪҲҪʱֵܰ׻ء
͵˵, Ҳһ¹Ӣ, үӻаĽ
ֻû뵽ȥƵ, ˡ

ŸڵŴ, 磬ϲأϲǶһҪҵķǮ

Ͻǳ, ꣬󺰴еģӢӽһ·ۻ, Ϣأ

һ迪ճĻģʽֱĿɿڴ

ɪĺ⣬ζһ
룬⵽ҲϵԼֵܵӣˣӢǰҲ̧ͷû׼ӢԼֵǰôԼָ˻ȥ
ͷӰɣؼ۵ĵͷ˯ҲûǸǰ˰ɡ

ƫĺĺ 磬ɶʱɩȢɱ׷ϵĻأ˼ңڶˡ

ҿеûˣ㽨һӰɰ

𰡴磬ҴˣҴˣҾͲö죬ǧһʶұ죬ڿʼͱ죬ȥ˯˰һܻԼˡ
ӰʮˣڽˣŸմſϢһ°

˵ģȻ²һֻûһĽĻġ룬¹ӢĻزܱˡæһͻؾһˡ

μӢĻ磬¹ӢºֲμõĻ硣
ʹϣƽͷϰպ͹ٻӵܵĲԾֳˡ
޳ϼĸɲˡ
¹Ӣ˺ûȥһרάһάĹŵˡǵάĹųʶţλųֶӡ
¹Ҳ϶˵͸¶ʲô˵¹ӢţҪ΢˽£ڽѵӣû׼Ժлء

¹ӢûҺûῪڣάȿʼ¹Ӣˡ
λ÷ͷġ

ôʶ

ʶ˼ң˼ҿɲһʶҡ
Ϊܿأ˻ûûϷˡⲻ׵ľǲ׵ģװʲôͷأһС滹ñǿ׿ˡ

ʲôͷ˵˵

λŵǸͷһµŮǾĹųĶĹŵ쵼һĹųҲûɶؼλųǲһλλ÷λųֶӡ

˳άָķ¹Ӣ˹ȥųֶӵģ۾͵òɹپǾС˵Ǹаɣ

ǵǴǵλųǸеİ¹Ҳλųɣ
ǸĹһ𣿡

ǰ

ųǸеһǵǵλݳţ

˵ֵܰɣˣֵǸųȲλų

¹Ӣȷˣɹ²˦õˡ
ɹٽʲô

骡

¹ӢûˣˡܰǮҪ

СӿǸֵ֡˵ĹŵŮӿɱ˲ֹһءˣüɶԶ㡣Сӽ˻飬ˡ

¹ӢЦĲ˳ʺҿѣ˵ɫͷһѵҿɹù

άΪȻ͵ͷӦæ¹Ӣ䣬ССˡŮ¾׼ϱҲǣһ¶޲дƪһ
Ҫ˵ЩС̫ƭˡȻҲ⹷ۿ˵͵ӣײףλŮųǸԵģ֪ˣ¹Ӣ䲻˺á
ùĸûϵˣǮҲˣֻܳԺúȺá

ά¹Ӣ˱ƣһ
ͬĶǶ޳ҵĴ¹Ӣάֹ˵ˣЩǾͿʼŸ¹Ӣˡ
¹Ӣÿζ˼һ£˶˵ɾ͸ˡ쵼ĺôˣû˸Ȱư

¹ӢƵʱλأ˼Ҹûһ˼ҾǰһŤͷˡ

ά˭ǣ
ߣˡϹǮˡ

¹ӢôȰҵģôԼҲˣ

άһǿ벻̣

ĴǣǲҲ˼ҿԲӣǲҲ˼Ӱ

¹Ӣ֪ɾкˤˣ¿ɺãˣƨķ
ߣȥõطԷȥҪȥһ鰡롣

˼ҲǾƣﶼе㲻Ҫû˴ͷ̾͹ȥˣС𣬰ķſ͵ˣſôţԼԼ˭ûȨûƵģ˼ҿͿ£զأԼư㲻ʹѹȥˡ
άǸµģû˻Ӧ
¹ӢھͲһˡȣεʼ촦ǰ豸л̾վӦˡ

˭Ҳû뵽վľȻȻܹô˵ˣҿɾͺƤ䷹˰
ǿˣԳû̲ˣƤĴȥҲûã˼ѹû׼ϴǺϸ񵥵¾ù
ǲˣǺϸ񵥾ڰ칫Ϸţпֽܶŵľջ˰칫ҵĳˡҲȷʵ⼼
뵽⣬Цſ뿴СӵػǼš

ټά¹Ӣ˿һˡ

¹ӢҲˣк⼸˾ߡ

ԥһһ£¹Ӣˣֻһͷ¹Ӣüһʣã»ǵ̫Լ׷˳ȥ

ʣµ㿴ҿ㣬˳ȥ
Ȼˡ
гͷˣЩСϺɶĿŵĿ˭ʹ찡һܳɱװµıųϯǿˡٺãҲʹ죬ǻءºˣˣ̹

⶯еˣɫЩÿһŮģغһ

ЩҲס
ĸҾ˵Щһزϲ̨ĶǰϹ÷ַҪ룬Ǯ˼Ǽ¡Щ˿ɼסˣԺ󶼲׼Ǽҵţ

¹Ӣ޳Щȥ˽˹ݴһ٣պãҲ˹˸




71.  ס         Ӣ˺

Ӣ˺, нƸһճһܲ
˾Ŀܻˣϵĵ˲١
ڹǰ, ܳؾ, Ҳϻϼҡ
ĸ, ߶üǻؼҹˡ
ҲŽҪ¹ӢϼҼĸء˼ҳͿ˳µˡ
Խ꣬͸Լ˳١, żҲؾǡӢæûż١ȻӢҲԸµҪŹ˾

ȥģôڸ¹Ӣ˵һϼˡ
ֱ˵֪ва¹ӢӦòܾɣӦûͬɣ¶ͦʱˡ
Ϊ˱, ˾Ȳȥ¹Ӣ, ȥĸȥ
ô, Ȱĸ㶨ˣĸһȥ㶨¹Ӣ, ĸæ, ɹʻЩ
ʹСһҪ͸ĸƷ˻𳵣ϻһҪ͸ĸĴӡ
ɻǵõĵĸ¹ӢǸʱֵģԣ˸¹ӢǸĽ¸ĸ
Ǹ, ϲӡӶð԰Թ, ȱǮ˻˱֣ûȽӸʵڵĶˡ˵ǿүһӲеģԽжӡ
ǮѾүһӲˡ
ҲӴˣ¹ӢƸ
ǰ̵۶ˣĲ˵СڽȷʵһһУ˻ؾǣĥӲݣǰװƱҪѽ°ˡ
㣬ڴ˻𳵡

ͦãϧǧ㣬û뵽һ»𳵾ͱڻվסˡ

ϣѾˡСȻԼһģɹӷǻԼ
̾;̰ɣӴˣӲˣܲˣɶӹܲˣⲻȻѾԤˡ
СӾȻٳٲ飬ЩסˡСӶʮˣһ飬˶Ҳ飬ɶʲôʱܱӣԼٸЩ꣬øڲ·ء

һǣԴ骽СӲ˵ԼҲ˵»һסٲȻռȵˡ
̸ܵģûܹ
ңġǲأɣζţҪҹø˰
ԭСˣҲﲻܣֶžŰɡ
СˣٶЩΡЩ£ΪңΪ骰ĺôֻҪĵߣҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
Ҳ޶ȵģЩҲĥĲˡ
骽飬绰μӻ񣬲ûӣһûþԱ˵绰
û뵽
Сӽ˻龹ȻסңȻ鷿ˡһ뵽£ŻûšֲûңֲǸĸ˫鷿øңҲøңֱķιӣ浱Ӿ˰
СЩ˺Ƥĳ̶ȡ

ھϼһһһģֱʲôʱӡ
ɫҪѿжѿϼһһЦ

̲סЦǺǣ骸иƨĹϵ˺ҲӣĶȥˣϵù
ҪҲǱԼӣ
ɺôʱҲûϢģɲǸŮôö㲻
УȻǾͱӵİˡ
ڻվпˣˣסˡ

ӵ绰֪Ѿˣ˵绰͹Ц
˴סˣһоͺðˡ

Ҫ¹ӢϾ͵ؽ顣ҲòЩϼһԺЩˣۺúÿ壬жӣ׶ӣ׶ӻҪˣ

һͨţ˶ָ
дģžϯģû鷿ġ
ܿ죬ϺʹԺ˶֪ˣ׶Ҫˣ󣬾ڴԺٰ졣

һȺ˾°ͣŽɵġ˵Ͷ˹ϵ𣿲˵ѹͲ⴫ԹȻŅȣ붼ġ˾ÿѨ磬δزšи˵˼ſĻ񵽵ǲء

ŵһѶ͵ǰ
֪ͷַʲô裬۾ˣǲв¿˵ûҾˡ

ʲôߣûǰĶȥ

ˣҺãȻܱѪˡͷϴξץͷҪ顣
Ĵ𣬡ƨĻ飡жж󣡡
һѶҲҪˣֻװӾҪܡ

ȷˣ¹Ӣ

һɲ˵ʲô˭
Ͷ䣬ػղŻˡ

ܸ˭ǸС󣬽¹Ӣġ㲻ùˣҶźˡ㰲ĵžͳɡǳɻ顣

㣬£ԼСЩĻ½ˡ

Լƨⶼ೤ʱˣȥˣҪ㶨Ӷñˡҿָˡ
ָֻԼӵɹ˾ˡɲָˡ

ͷŤͷҪߣϽˣɲǴ̣¿ɲӲú̺ӳ飬һϹϣû׼Ūɳ׾ˡ

ĥĥģѹôöȢϱĵĲСƨɾҪ

ס岻ߣˣǧһӵĴ£ҪǸҰҸ¹ӢĻ½ˣҾ͸ͬھ

¾ͰˤˣӣҲˣȻһֻ־ܰС̵

ϴιᣬϵطţܳȥǱȵ컹ˡ
ۿҪԶƱǿŶӸϽʣҸ¹Ӣ飿

ϻӻƭ㣿Ҫô鶼᲻ˣܷ£˵˽飬ʱֽģȥĸҸϱȥ
ɵСӣʵʵţɹپͳɡ

ڵ۵ֱ飬ͷһˣֹͦصġֻͷ˵ĶģȻͬھȥ

뿪ͻ˾Ժ׼Ļ鷿ȻԺļѾԸԱǰ骺סǸڳ֪ôˣǷû֣ɲûȥȥ




72.  ж    Сǡ

СǸŮ, Ǻ⣬Ȧӣ˭֪骴ֹһ󰡣֪̫ⷽ, ɸĸޡԴӽҲ޸骵ĺôˡ
Ͱ˾Ժ, סС¥, оݵλθ˲ֹһأ¥߳ȥоͦ˲١ԺĴСϱĶЦӭ, Щ˵ʲôֶϱסùüҵģƤߵģҲֻǱ˼ˡ
ңҴɩڶҲǶйά
, Ĺŵְĸҵ, ĸҵǸӹӦ衣͸ϵľ貿Ŵ, Ҫʲô, Ʒ, װߵȣܵһʱõϢģǮֶֿ졣
еλ, ǮһЩ粻Ĺùò̫ദ⣬ǺܺˡڶڵȽ, ԼĸǼ޶ˡ

ֻڣʲô

ûô˹Ķȫ³İ˷䣬Ļ鷿סûõĻ鷿ô˳վſڣ𾪵˵û㶮⵽ʲôֻоԼͷŵˣ߷ѵ

ķһС¥
һ¥СԭҲһ¥
С¥Ķԭֻ鷿鷿ᵽᡣ¥Ϳ˳
骺סǶõһ䡣ȻҪǸڳ

ûţԺͦԶļˡô֣ȻΧ۵ˣЩӴܺӣҴ￴

žԱˣǰᶫѶЩˤһء
ǲǲһҾǣҪٸҶһ£Ҿǿ
ֳһѲ˵ػ衣

Ŷ룬һ˫Ŀɨ¥¥ݿڵ
ֻһվͰ

жûˣܾ˰ɡ
¥һװˣЩ㱣ƴȫװˡΪץסˣƶˡ
ڲ֪Ԩ˫Ŀ£̲סɪһ£ĵɷģһ߶ǿߵη塣
ɵвεʱ͵ľѡˣˣӣһ뵽˵ĶӣеˡǷһжǷġ
ٴξۼ˷񣬡ҼңҶӵļңñסһжҶӵģЩҶӵģЩҵġҰסҲһȥģᣡҪסҾɱɱ

ЦƴƴɢҲƣһУͳСӵˣֱһϻҲ

вɱ˵Ļ֮Աǣûǻ¡Ūһˣ˭ô󳳴ֵģ߾ֻһֶζѡ

ŷһ֮ɫŨϹۡ
Ҫ֣ʹֶӹ
һ񣬾ԱʹȥĲ˵ѲϽ

㲻ˣôң㺦Ҷӣ㻹ôң㣬Ӿ㲻úͣ˫ĿԹ塣

骸ϽǰԼùõ졣
øҹùþ붫ˣЩڶ̵ķϣǧƽϣݣһúȰȰġ

ˣԼֶӲţ̱ԼֶصĿޡ
ҵĶ̣ҵĶ̡

骷һ¥ߡ·ʱСøҸʱסһ¥ɣҹùýЩҲչ

һǿͬˡ

һϲԺסͷ΢ɡҪˣϲøˡҪҰæģøܿڡ

αģ
ĿɨٲҶ죬¥

ȷʵҪ˰Ȼ϶ˣ鷳Ҳ뱻˵飬ССҲݲ¡
ҲҪ骸ߣֻҪЩ˺úѰˡ
ҪĿģȨҵ˵˭ԺͲϵ˶ף׶ӣԺһҲ׶ӺӵģûκѪԵϵ骵ģ
ӣסչ׹ùõֶӺֶϱˡססɲססžͱˡ

¥䱾ǸղùĻ鷿
Ҳûɶɻ䲻ɻģʱֻþԱѴµģĶõľͽãõ»µġ

Ա˰ӵ˽Ʒͳͳᵽ¥¡

鷿ȥˣʲôʱ򶪹ܹƿȺܻҡ
ֱ˾䣬Ҫ

㶨˻鷿ЦǺǵԵȥԼ쵼սǷȥˡ

ߵǰȥˣ飬зǲ̫׵ܵŮ˫˰ɣŮĸõɡ

ڶ죬ųƷ¹Ӣĸĸˡ
ҲΪأˡֻ¼ھȻסһ飬طˡ

ߣ¸һǾǾģˣ˫ȲͣĴڡ

¸Ҳ֪˼ҵ׸˵ʲô˼˵ɶɶֻŹͷˡ

ֱ̱ڵϣţⳤ˵ɶţ˭Ҫ飿

˳죬ղ¸ɵƵģڣô¹Ӣģ
ԼľԱô£

ԱٺɵЦǲڡ˵»ǲ£񶼲̫СǺٺװɵɡ

ȵ˽ߡĸıȻҪˡ

ĸʱӶڴժ߲ء
Դƽȥ˲˹Ǳߣ¹ӢǿҪ£߹ĸĴŸɻ¹Уǽ˹ݵͷܡ

ĸжһ̧ͷͿ߽һװˡ
һ

Է˵Լ׵ϲŷˡ

ĸϽȥϴ֣죬ȴүүȥ

ĸ˴ԺľſվڵĴҲЩʲôͷӢӺͶôû˵

նȣСĵԽһصƷȥ嵹ˮ

ֱ˵⡣

ᣬ飿죿ɵסˣⲻһ˼׼

ǰϴСˣʲôϵġ˿ݷ

ջ񣬡ǰǰ
ƣͷҲ˵Ļ
ͦģӢӶҲͦİСˣҲƣզͲء¸ǰ֮ǺܸҴ߻顣
¹ӢҪˣҲǸ˵ġ
˫ҳˣӢ궼ʮˣǲҲĻš
Ҫ¹ӢȻ÷ǹҲŶʮ壬ʮ壡

ɲǣ⻰˵Ŀˣأ治Щˣ⴦ʲôôģˣӹӲ͵ˣʲôϡ֪ⶼűء

ʶͣ ǰǰ

Ǿô˵ˡһҾɳǡ
˵ϳˡ

ĸţ˵ʱǲ̫ˣû˿׼Żûڣϳˡ

¹ӢȻѾȥˣͽˣôܲءͰشԺֱӰϯ




73.           ߺĸ

ߺ, ĸ˺һŻŻǮȥ
ȥ绰Ӣ⵽ô¡Ȼϴžһȥ̳ȫ·ȥȥͷ, һʱ, ֪ü𡣻, ҲҪ绰˵ʲôҲҪһˣͽ, ܲ
һЩߵĽѣ֪ܲͨһ£찡ôü
ռתŻææȥˡ

˵Ҫ¹ӢشԺľϵ롣

һ·, Ŵ컨ļճʱ֪ø˻
˵, ȷʵûҵԧ, Ȣ¹ӢȻȥӡȻĸԼЩԼĴ, ŵôæĻ
أҽܲڣҪǰѻʱѹһ£ͼһ, ôҪôϣȡʱ䣬Ҳܸ¹Ӣúýͽ͡

ν϶ˡһ, ͷϼˣٰһˡ
Сӣ¾㱸ֻǷ, ӿǰʲô㰲źˣҪܰϱȢɱӵһӿ㡣ЩĿһӣ˳

¹Ӣ·ϣڴġ
㿿һף֪¹ӢֱӰ°ллˡ

һ·Խ޳Խţ̺б߬߬ȥ̱ϣ̺ģġ
Ҫ鲻ľᾢԱߵļܡ
һ·󵽵û˳顣

ڵ˶޳ſڣһ³Ҳ˳
ⲻɣˡ

ܿ죬ͲԼˣΪ⼸ﻹŵģͿʼˡ

ͷֱģֻ͵飬ôһڣö˹Χۣ
Ȼһ޳ſ̾ԵΧ˹
ʿ˽˾Ϳʼǡһǿ˲ˣһȿĺȾԺܣȥкԼСȥˡ

ͣ£ͣ£

ͷվص С쵼׳˵ˣƣضֵ

ǳ鴤ôڣһ⳧ӵ϶Ͱѱйˡ

ͷһҲǣ˸ƣ±ͣ

ʱүѾܹˡ

Ͻү̡

ѽΰǣ

鷳¹Ӣ³绰˵ſҡǴץһǣʣİ̶ү鷳ˣֻ˵ͳɡ

үǺֱ֣˵³ˣˡģС°ϣ͸³绰
Ҫ³һϲɣСߺ⡣үֺǺȥ绰ȥˡ

¹Ӣû޳ſѾΧһȦһȦǸĴ˺С
ҿЩ˶Ǵžװûҿ̫ұǣﶼˣ⵱ľȻҷѽ
Ҷ߬˸ŰԵĹâӷ϶ǲˣ͵ſ⵽զˡ
оУϢרֵ̿Ŵ󱦡

¹Ӣſڵʱ򣬶޳ſѾۼˡ
һֱųأ¹ӢԶԶæ·¹Ӣ֡

¹ӢԶԶſô֣¾;ʵϴγſô־ӭԳǴΣǴǲСˣһΣ·Сˣﲻɽзŵ
Ҫú⵽ô£оǣϽЩɢˣڳſôۼɲС

̧ۣͿֵˡͷ΢ɣЩˣ߼ǰ
һôÿλǰ˵һ
սԶľЩСʣǣЩǸɶˣˣ϶Щġ

ңңֻʣ¹ӢˣĻ˺ܾˣҲ˺ܶĳ¹Ӣļͣרѧ͡ڻƵ£ᵥϥأ¹Ӣ顣
ʱţĿʼð

¹Ӣֻ˵֣ͦʲôʱˣʲôңɵ۸ɶأ㻰أ

ʶ˵ôʱ䲻ġúÿ

ȥģɡ¹Ӣ˿Χͥڵġ
Ҫû¾Ȼذɣµ˰˵ȥЩɶˡ

æס¹Ӣң
һᣬһ䣬ϥأҰʦʱһأҼǵ㵱˵ôŵģҺרѧ鷽ʽһ³СӣûĻû㳤ĺãһţԴңȱ㣬㲻Ҫңұ֤һᾡģһӸġ
Ǯˣһȥۿ۽ˣӢ˵Ҳѧửװͼˣһڼѧ֪ʶһһһġҲұ֤Ⱳӻ󸻴󣬵ұ֤Ⱳһᾡܵʳǡ
ҵǮȫϽ˰ͻؼң죬ҼĲãһҲѧŰֵ
޸ңұ֤ûжģһһ㵽ϡ˲˵ģҶչ㡣
㣬ԸҸᣬԸ޸𣿡

һ̣ΧֵĶĿǾۼ˹

ԭ鰡Ǿ˵ôˡ

ԭ黹

һۣѧˡ
ͷǸʱҲѧһѧǸղС쵼ⳤƪ۵ûȫ

֪˭໵ĺһɤӣ³㲻ҿɾͼ˰
žд躰Σ㿴ҼҹŮҪ㿼ǿҼҹŮ
д˵бһЩģȻˡ

žǴСӵ໽塣ѵһĳЩ˼ˡ

Ŵ󱦲ˣ⻹нغģһӢӣͳһ򣬾ȴӦԺҪǲʵ˵ҾͰ
Ŵ󱦺ݺݻ˻ȭͷ

Χ˺ôЦ

¹ӢԼʱĳˣʱǰڵľǻûӰɣʱΪõȥͱ˵Σʱ˿ں־ֵı飬֣Цѽָϡ
ɣԺֲãҿǻݷġ

¹ӢϽָ˺ܶε龰ʱоһŶҲ͵ģۿҲʪˣҿڣһھͿƲסĿ޳
˵ʱݺЦһ١
ڣˡ
ģұ֤˵վЦ˳ݺݱ˱¹Ӣ

¹ӢͷһӦǱʿǵȾִַһϲǣߴң³Ҫˣǰϲǰ

¹Ӣɻ󣬡ôô󶯾ôѾֶӰŪˣ˵ڷϲǲе簡

Щſڽ֧֧࣬᲻֪ôڡ

ʱͷܹʼˣ С쵼߰ɣ׳ء

¹ӢɻĿ

Ҹ˵ǵɣ㡣

ڣ¹ӢüҪ죿٣Ҳ׼һ£ܵô㶫źŰɡ

ͷ̣ѹ׳˵Ӷϱĥĥģһȷʵе㣬ⲻ𣬲ͬ𣬻ĥߴɶ׳Ǹģ˵ʲôҲҪ˸׳ȥ
һ֣¼Ѹٻ£ӵŰ¹Ӣ˳




74.           ¹Ӣһ¡ 

¹Ӣһ¡
Щ, ֻܼһ顣
׵Ҫң²Ǳ˰ɣ

¹Ӣ۾һգڿ, ֹҪ, Ҫ͸ǰϯ

what
ֵ¹Ӣ, ⻰˵죬ϯ
̫˰, ңһû׼ðôļ

֪Щִ٣ҶԲסˡЩҧгݣͷҪǰϯˡȥˡĻ, úòٳֺú׼أ¹ӢһĻ, , ͷӸѼϼƵġ

¹Ӣҿ˿Щ, Ǻ治÷
¹ӢĬһ˲, Ȼ뵽һֿܣԥŸСҧ䣬
òʲô֢˰ɣ
λ׳ò˰ɡǰѪӾ粻ŶΣ֪, 뿴ʲôģҪȻôżŸ鰡

𾪵Ŀ¹Ӣ, ȻЩȻѵͷð֢ˣ֪ԼˣԣôżҪȻôͻȻô裿Щɻ󣬿ͷӵ״Ӱ

¹ӢĬ˼ģˣɣѵģֻһ˵

üҡͷӦòǰɣͷ׳ĸţƵġ
ͷ¾Ͱ̵ˣҪвˣԼǲˡҲܳ׿϶ҲпͦõģͻȻȥ˵
ﵽ״£ҪҪһͷӡ

¹ӢЦһҾһ˵ǿֿˣЩļ

׵пܵ˾֢ӵ˼Ե˵ͷ¹Ӣ ͵Զٷǲùܡͷٲ񡣡

¹ӢԻ񲻻ĲǺںǸʽøչƷƵҿ˵ġ

ܿ쿪ԺֱӿС¥ſڡ
ͷĴ£˴Ժӣ˿

طİסһʱ䡣ʱоط±ȣֱһɵС¥ɳٶмġĽǸһֱסĵܵܵġ

¹Ӣһһӵ壬һֱͷͷӵģΪأλ׳Ҳʮӣϡ
⾫״̬иƨĲȻԼˡ
Ծˣ¹ӢǺصģο⻹λ׳ڼЩڸҲܷԹĹס

Σ´վǰ¹Ӣ

¹ӢͷƤһֱͦ壬Ŀбӡ

ǿˣֵ˵ءԼԴ

¹Ӣ
׵йɷ

ժһɫţƤ

C״һľְ¹Ӣ۾ֱˡ

ţҸļ񡣡

ԼԼģ¹Ӣŵĵɴ˫ۣЩ֡

˵ǰʱˣøáӵ࣬ʡŵá
ѵԼµıƵģÿһľֶҪطܲ

¹Ӣͦأܣ

ϸ¹Ӣ˵ģǷĵģȻҲľ֡
С壬̫ˣͷʱ˽㼸УԺԱ´ºôܱ
ǹǰһݣţ

ǡ¹ӢѸٽӹ̲ס
ǰӣͷһľְѴӴ򿪣ľó
һŮʿľ֣Сɾ£ҲǺأá
¹Ӣľְ֣˭˵ֻ˰ľֵģһŮҲϲĺϱѧеƾоǹеֻһֱûľ֡

׳ľֲɣ

𣿡Դͷ͸ǹ֤

ˣ

š

лл׳¹ӢЦüۣ̫ˣͷͰľֲ˺úоһ¡

ԱĿţû뵽¹Ӣôϲľ֣ͷһľ־Ͱˡ
ȻϼңͰүļľֶҳ¹ӢúÿۼҲȱľ֣
Ʋ죬ȻЩľȷʵûͷ͵Ѻÿľֲģǵʵá

¹ӢȷʵͦϲľֵģҲˡǼϼһﻹ˵ʲôֱǮСϲʲôԼȥʡʡ͵Ĳ⡣
ңûʶϱɲǲǮģ͸ƨǮ˵Ǯ򵽵Ķɶ
һˣһӣͷˣ˴ȥȥ

¹ӢԽԽˣֻǲģû˵ôססȷʵصǺܲصȻ˵ڹĲⲢܸıᷢӵʵ¹Ӣѹסĵǡ

ͱˣҶ׼ˣ͸ǰϯ㸸ĸǱҲòģѾ֪ͨˣһͰǽӹ

תе졣·¹ӢѾ׼ˣľ֣壬Цŵ˵ͷõģ׳
ҪϯģôõļɣҳԶٷôҿʡˡ

ãʹ졣Ҷϱ

ȫ̱׺˵

ЦķԸԱϼǵø¹Ӣ׼Щ÷òˡ£ˡ
ǰˣһ˲Ŷ
ٹû׼Ӿˣ

ΪɣѾҽԺȥˡ
ţҽԺסɣҪҲõ˾ϯܻ
骣ȻȥҽԺźˡ
˵ˣ϶ҪϲƵġ
νֻҪҾУϲȾ¡

ߺʹ¹Ӣȥ˶¥

¹Ӣ࣬⻹ǣ鷿׼ˡ

ڴĶѾͳͳˣһƷк֮װŽ˹

Ӱһݸ¹Ӣ
үҵģ˵ҰȢϱõġ
ִۣ⼸Ǯһڹ˾Ǳߡ

¹Ӣһٿۣ澹ȻʮXװôǮ
ǻͶ˸ӹ˾أ⼸һǮҲûָʣʾǮͶȥоˡҲȱǮˣнǱߣҽݣв˹ݣ⼸طǮꡣĹʺͻеǱ߸ǮСͷˡ

ܶǮǴǱ׬ġʱֻƸװͼͲǮ˵Ҵ˸װˡ

¹Ӣѽһ飬߸˰ְѴպá

һƽһŴۣһİġˣ컹ûڣڴԺתת
ֵط¹Ӣֻ˵ɴûЩ档




75.           ¹Ӣ粢

¹Ӣ粢ڴԺ, һĺ¹Ӣܿ˻
˳¥ˡ

¹ӢصңͿʼоԼľ֡
ûС˿ʲôģ

¹ӢľԾԾԵģҪʲôɡ

Ҵ˿

ǰ, СʱҲ, үүѹˡ
š¥
ǵõиľ, ż̭˵ǹ֧иСţ֪ڻڲˡ

ȥһͨ, ҵˣӸ˵¥

¹ӢϲķĶһϾľ֧ľ֣Ѳľ, һѳľ֡
ЩľֶٶЩˣһ, Ȼ𹤾߾Ϳʼֲ
һѾͻһͼ, ÿͼϻעľֵȱ㣬θĽ, ĽܴﵽܡЩԤ, һʵ֤

¹ӢЩľֲ棬ڴ߿ڴͷĿſţɴ˯˹ȥǽ, ϻģ˯ţһ, ˯ˡûһ˯ˡ

¹ӢֱҹĲӣЬͷɵһ˯ˡ

һ

ڶ죬¹ӢڴһЦûס̹¹Ӣ˹ȥԽԽƲס

ʱ¥ѾˣӲӽļ±Ѿæˡ

С⣬ȥСûץʱϴһǵõſӭأɱʱ䡣
ȻǴߴٵĻܸˡҲûָ¹ӢʲôֻҪǸ¶УǽվſӭӿˣȻƵģĶǲġ

Ĵɤţ¥һɤӸŵһ£ήˡһԾ𣬻Żææ´ȥŷû

¹ӢڱͷЦ

ţֵشϣ¹Ӣ֡

һˡ¹Ӣ
Ų鲻Ը

һϴһ¥
˴һ²£ĵͷ

һʹڻˡֹҪ컹Ҫ԰˵̬кˣȻԺԺû֮ˡ
ŻģӴַȰټӲʩģҲֻ骻ˡ

ҪһҹøʹԺ˻ôɫɱԺ˲档һ㣬ͷ㿴ϵ·ЬӵģҶ򡣡
ͳϴЦɿڵĿû˿¶ȡ

骵ıֻǿһЦһȿ޻ѿЦݡ

ԣЦȻ㡣ԺҪסԺЦȻЩɩ񿴼ʱôЦģѧ𣿡

ڸϽͷ
֪ôģʱЩ骣ûж󺰴У˵ҲϴЦģǲֱ骵۾

ЦһӲĸ骳С¥ȥ

һſӭ¹Ӣ;Щ졣
룬Ѿߵ¹Ӣǰˡ
磬þòλǱɩɣϲˡףǰͷϰúϡ

ܵĵͷǰǸż骿ûʲôøУϲӣǿ

ɩ骣ڡѹֹøôļɩôƯɲҪñϽȢؼϵЦ޿ޡ

¹Ӣ̧֣ȥϸϸǰˣûˣˣʱԶԶš
Ǹ˦õа¹Ӣ骵ͱĲͬѰ
ղ˵ʲôţøø־Ǵ˵е骵λ׳øɡ

ʱԶʻͣС¥ſڣմһ˳
ЩţͷһμôഩװİղŽǴſʱվڵʿţǶľذɰһСŻˣڣĿڻءһ·Ƕ̧ͷĹˣһڳʵĲʵˡ

Ҫ˵һ򶨵ľ¹ˣȻҲûԺҲڲӳˣǼġ
¹챻Ҵææл˼ңѡϽ괺ˣһϳĿȻǺϳҲˡһͳĿһϳһòײ뵽ļ١
˳ͿС¥ſڣվԱߵˡ

Ŀԣ֪дˣɩǽ¹Ӣɣѹˣ¹²ǽðɣüۼм
¹һۣƲͷֱ

¼һ˳սսģƽʱզž궼ʵĸƵġ
ֱ¹ӢһŵҲܷſЩֽˡ

裬ˡ

ˡӢӵ֣Ŀ䵽ʵˡ

ѶѾ¥к¼Ҹĸˡ

¼һ£κֵû뵽гһֵ̤ط

¹¼øк£һ߽С¥ɫЩãϵЦҲҲסˣѹָղλɩɫЩԾ֪¹˰ɡ
ԺλɩùϵˣλҲǻˡ¹Ҫٱø֪
ɫԽԽѿ

磬¼ˣĶǲϵˣһȥһˮľװ

¹ȻųˣסԺ¶λ˵㣬ҲλŰнĹŵģҪݹϵڣٻ治
¹ȥŴк
ŵ֪¹ǽλӵãֱĴȣ˵㣬׳ϱô˵أֵģҪ֪ٲμӵǼٲˣ
¹ԩҲ˲֪ĺûô˵ֻž˸ơ
ǰϦҪ̨ѼѺɲɣðˣλֱӾ¹ˡ

ֵģ쵼սǰ׬ӡӽ󣬲ӺԺ˶֪׶׶ϱ˰ɣԺ˭ӱ˵ʲôӾƨ뵽⣬볩ĴЦ

˶ˣ¹Ӣ¥ϴȥˡ
ȶˣȿֻʣǸӶˣ͵ͷ׺

л˵ƨͷšĥߴɶ

̧ͷۿ򣬶壬Ϊʲôȥ

Ĭһ˲̲ס̾Ϣһ
Ҳȥս
ҵսѣԼҺսûֻҵĶڼЩսĺӣеˣеĻ
ݴĴȻҪеӦΡ
Ȼϣȷʵ㡣
ûԸ㣬ҲûݴĴȴе񡣵ֻǾö̱ҪСһЩ㣬ֲ̫ãţսĿԿ϶ҪҿӾͶסˡƤӵ³ģʱƫˡ
սΣҲǻġԲҪȥˣᱣġ
̵ǰֻ˹ʵһ֪ˣ룬Ҳȷʵˣ춼ˡȻܵݴĴǾеΰɡ
ᵽȥСӣѵԳһ˿̬

ۿˡ

㵱ΪʲôҪ飿ڻĵڶ¡

ۣҪԭĸ׳ɷ⣬ʱӶⷽĸϣҪǲ飬·ŵķաףеЩաȻûѳס

ЩǷϵĿɳҲ֪ԼⱲһ·Щѡ񵽵׶Բԡ




76.  ĸ         ֪Լǡ

֪Լô¥, ͷ˵컨׹Ҳı䲻ͷӷĸףҲʵվͻ

꣬ҲͲˡ¥Ǽ䷿ǵ, Сסס, סҲš
ֶ, ˵¹ӢˣҲסƽʱסǱ, ײ

ڶ죬ȥ˲Ӻ¹ӢҲ뿪ˡ

¹ӢҪسϰࡣǰĴæҲûʽ٣϶Ҫȥϰġ
Ӧ, ȹʱ뼸٣ϼҹꡣ

¹Ӣȥϰ, үץһ, ҡ¹Ӣ˶޳
·ӵˣĻǲ, ЦŸ˼ҷǡ

ǰһʹȫ, ¹ӢһǵĶЦһ٩
ѽѵǻܳԵԷǰ
뵱οɶ̧°ͣ۳¿ǵ, ж˱ιٿλΣվ³, ЦĶി޺
Ҫǿ˵ףҲҿڵ٩

¹Ӣ˰칫ҺҲû뿪޳ǰ칫ҵķϲǣ֪ͨңգ¹ӢҳԷǲˡȻүӺͳµҲǲµģ϶Ҫȥ롣

άάûô׷Źҿǰ˲֪ٻرֽءһʼһΪҵĲŻⱨֽĺأҿعζˣһʼǳ³д²ŰͰ͵ÿܶĵİǣɱһǺһٷҴˡ

׼ʱάѹõĸֱˣ뻹һ֧ˡ
ܰҸʲôˡóһոµİװУ򿪿

άСӻԼˣ￪ģҲЦĿģģ
ӹӴһҿȻһ֧ĸֱʡ
ʲϹάۣҿֱʰ

һɹʿͷνİڰֵ֣⼸˵Ǯʶ˵С˼

άһ쳤˲ǱôǮ
ϴӢӻҿǾͦģĲˣҲ£ǳԾϯ̾ƶͦġǶˣΪϰĿ϶Ǯ˰ɡ˵˵һ٣

άһۣЦ

ģҾ֪Ҳ϶ؿƿҷģϯ֤

¡

һǧ𣿡άǹ˾˵ģһǧֱܣҲôడ

˸̣Цҡҡͷָ

ٰΪأҲûԤڰһװbΪÿµءάʱʧ¡

һٲԼǺˣЦ˵άҲ̫ô˵أҪһֻ٣ôõĽʣĽ飬ôֲҼСӢëµĹʸ˵ôģвв

άĵۣģôҾ͸

ЦĻָָԼӣ˺ˣֻô棬˵ǰһ롣

άɴۣѵǧ
άθ˲ֹһȡ

ҹ˾Աʼ׷ֺ죬ƽÿ²ôࡣ

ҵ裬άԱ˵ˣ϶ˡɵȱô࣬˵ˣ϶ࡣǧֱ˼һģĶడ
άزʱôһӳ嶯Ҳȥˡ
дд£Ҳᰡά侲ֻԼ˶ɶҲᡣ
ֵܣˣԺɶöҰ߲ܡ

㡣һ鲻ˣհǵԷ֮ǰȥǸĺԺ˹ݡ

˶޳ͻңүӽԼ¹Ӣ¡

һ¡үѵÿ˿ĵ

߸ԼĶһѶᵽ˸ڡھļˡ
磬ҪԺҺ򣿡

СӣҿƤˡҪ

æܿˣҪҼҲУԺҪǸӢӽ㳳ˣҿ϶Ӣӽ㡣ҪǸ۸Ӣӽ㣬ֵܾû

СӡҡͷʧЦ

ǰ¹Ӣһܵļ١һ塣
뾩ǲԶСʱĻ𳵣Ȼתӵǡ
ǰЩģ´ǰǵ¹ӢӢǵ£ǰͰԼ·̸¹ӢˣֻΪ¹ӢʲôԷǧ档
㲻֪Ǽñ˺õģŰµģۿɲǵĵǵ⡣ǸǹϵģңҲǼҴȥ
Ҫ˵ЩõģǷ޶ģǷ޾͵ø˸ǿǡ˭ҪǸҵҽҴȥ

¹ӢЦɣģ˭ûר°˵ˣ㶼ҽˣҲСǼǾŲŵġ
¹ӢЦбһۣǣ㻹ûʵġ

ǲᣬԩˡұ֤Ҷˣĵ԰Ҷˣģҿװһš¹ӢӲɲôġ

̲ס˶ѽ̫ˣ⻹񿴼ڶˡ
ɲѰģЩЦĻɲЦ硣

ңĸ¹Ӣ֪͵ʲôˡ

˵һûֱǴҹ㰡ˮ󷽣ĸȫˡ
ĸһЦ¹Ӣ͸оһ˸еֺͰףׯ֪ĳһúã˻ôÿʱǸ˰

¹ӢСֹǲϹĶ飿

ȣڿŮⷽȷʵզģҲԶˡ

ĸ޵ĵ˷õܣ٣һڡ
үүĻ˵зˮôõĶϱɲܱˡ
ĸļ޺ȷʵͦáٶǰڹģٳٲ׽飬Ϊϲĸ쿪ۣˡ
ǼСӣһʹϱֳˡɶϱģڼﶼԸɻ˵µˡ
ٵ̫̫ԴĶԹԣҲکСӣ˭Ӿ˳Գĵģܱ˵ʲôһһϱء

ĸ˻ţүү̸ļױҲƶЩĿ˵˳˳⡣

ͷ޸ͷ鲻˵ܰӹôĽЩСϱˡʱʱҪϼ䣬ȥҲǼ޹ʹĻˡ
굱ûɣִˣһҲЩ£ɲЩ˴סˣʱʱҪó˵һ˵еĻרŰĸǰЩ¡˵Щ˶ʲô̬ɲ÷ŵ㡣

ĸЦóһκеݸ¹ӢŰɣⶼү̸ðļױʹģҲһġ

ϱԱأһĻظƫģģôôԴء
ŵĶ춢أôһ죬ŰЩԼڵã·¹Ӣ˼ͷһμͰѺöȥˡ




77.  ͼֽ         ϱ

ϱĲʹ졣
, ǽһãƤЬ޷ģͷһǳˣСһѶ
˴͸˷, Ů˺СǷǡ
˶˵߷˴ǡʵҲȷʵ, ΪҺ, СӾ͸Ҫ·ӡܲ˴Ǯ
ֵܣôֻ֪ЯСܾͲ֪ЯЯҶܵأ˵Ĺ˾˲أڴ, кüȥˡôֵܻȲˣ
ϱʹίˣһ˯ǰͿʼ߶¡ҲȥǮȥ
ɲ˵ʲôһԵģ⵱ϱ, ̫ʵ̫ˣϲ˵ž̲ס
һ, æȥ, ǰƵģһ仰Ҳ˵
ϱü¡

¾˳, ŵһζ¹Ӣ, ϱ͸ίˡ
һӶ۸ӣǿʵ챿۸һ굽ͷڶߣһҲò˶˵ܳ, Ȼ
ϱԽԽίˮۿ
ϱԣϽ˳ȥ

ĸ״̾Ϣһ, ǹ˾ȱ𣿡ȷʵ˵Щ⺢̤ʵɻ϶û⡣

裬ҵǿսûã˺ӣźӣźط־ӣ˼֮ûȥڵġϱҪԸŶȥڣҿ϶ԸⰡҿȶɿ׶ˡ

ĸЦˡ

겻ˣ磬ôͲˣҾЩҿء

㻹֪鰡

ĸɲֵܴ̣ЦŰκƸ¹Ӣ㰲ţ͸ġ͵үү̸ġ

ԣ˵ĶԣġپĸԱ߸ԼϱٲȻҪضˡ

⸸̫ˣȫٵӳİ
ѹ˵Ƚϵ̫̫ĳ裬һԼӳôӣ̫̫϶Ҫϲֵġ

֮£پͲˣĸЩ

¹Ӣ󷽽ӹκУлл裬лл塣
ôٵģҲôź

ʱ򣬴½½ҿ¹Ӣˡ
ھӴǵһŵġ
һŵǴͿһ£˵޸ģȢתͷͼ޵˸ڣЩһֱڸ¡

¹ӢǰѾ˸ֽӡ
˺ĸ¹Ӣ˵ǸڵĴ
¹ӢЦź

ͷЦЦ´¹ӢǶСϱɡӶˣҶǰϱˡǴ˭֪Ǹߺô꣬߳ˣ꣬Ǹ֪ӢѾͷˣ¶ûˡ

һͷԣһ˫Ŀɨ˹ȥ˴ĻóӳưһҾöȥ

һƣˣӰƣ䣬Ǹ˸һʱֻʣӣӱ˸С˰꣬С˸ӵѹ³ģ˸ӺűӻСһСһ۸ӡͳҪãһֻ֪۸СӡǸҪҰӡ
δ˵Ļ¹ӢǰֽһǮߣȢϱǺúϱɣҼҳͲˡ
ĶߵĴæһЦڴ󺰣߲Ͱȥҳ氡粻ڼңǿ϶û衣

Ļߵĸˣ˵ʲôҲˣڼҿӣҪƻǸһʹȡ

˺½½˲ˣһҳͿʼ¹ӢǰֽǮٵһģʮġ
һʱ䣬¹Ӣ˴룬ҲջһǮ

һ͸¹Ӣߴ粽ģҪĸɩӵĻͷˣһ˫ֱӾɨȥܰ˽Ҫ˵Ļȥ

ңʹ¹ӢԼլˡլǸԺأһͲƶڵסլ
ֵѾǰɨˡҲµġ
ȥˮ¹Ӣڴѱ￴õΣǼǰǵϲưɣլٿҵһΣɶǺöνӾͲ˵ˣЩ͸ξֵǮÿȨƣȻɷ֣ǰЩ겻ñţﰡ

ǰ˵ͦǮǴүүһҵġҳˣľƽӣҲլЩƽʱԵĴõĸ˻һģҲ⼸ˣŸҰЩóǰ˽²ţҶ࿴ۣ˵óˡҪ˵ӣжãǿӡһҲܳԱůɣڴǺõˣɸˣԺһȣ֪Сȷʵӿӡ

Σ¹ӢȥһǮСİٿǮأҲһСˡ

һ죬컹ûʹ¹Ӣȥĳǰꡣ컹ţ·Ѿˣ߽ڰġһȺһȺģִ߽ȥǰꡣ
¹Ӣ˳ļţһʲôʲôүĸˣЦӦһ˾ԺĸͷͷߣҪһء

ڴ㱲ݴģ¹Ӣû߼ҾͻԼңȻͰѴųԺ̸ӣ͵ű¹Ӣˡ
¹Ӣ׬ˣûļͷǺԼҴųһϣﲻͷˣһһģʱײһ顣
ͷˣܵЦӭ˼ҸϽɣ¹ӢһЦӶˡСģ¹ӢȻҪѹǮС˵ĻϲҲĿġ

ʱ¹Ӣȥңĸһꡣ

Ķӻ꣬˰ʱ

ĸǮԣʱʱ͸ЩǮ
Ӱ˸ʮѹǮ
ͬСֶʮǮѹǮ
¹Ӣˣ¹ӢȻͬʮǮѹǮ

ϱҶʮǮѹǮҲסЦˡ

¹ӢͻȻ;ϱͦɰģ˾ͱסЦˣίˣҲסҪޡ

ĸٴŶӶϱһӿһꡣ

֮£ڲӹģӲżϻƲ˼һؼңҪҴȾơ
㻹ءĲ⼸ģҲĻģǲľеоĸˡ
Ǽľ־̲סҪģ֪װľ֣ǾͶ׵ϴӡ
ף⼸ͼģͼƯĲһϸÿͼֽϾȻӦľ˸ĽЩĽƵľ
Ĳ͵̧ͷͼֽô£ôõͼ⻹Ҵţôо




78.  ˭˵ϵ         忴䡭

忴ĪͼֽҲһ, 
С⣬С⡣
ѾԱ˽
ô£

Сص׳¹Ӣͬ־ҵ, ˵øûáҾ͸ˡʱû, ҾͰӷˡٺ, Ͱ¸ˡ

ٵףģûע⵽СӸˡ

壺˼˵, ͼֽҶϱģ

Сһ׳Ҳ֪¹Ӣͬ־Ұӱ㡣û˵ǲġ

Ĳͼֽʵ, ϱǸʲôģⶼȢǰ𣿡

ͷһĭӣ ӶȢ, û
С, ˵

ԱСͰ¹Ӣƽͼͥһ顣

Ĳѧķ֯, ѧĻе, 豸γ飬Ƕ޳ܹǷ֯еƸʦ׵˲Űؼô, ⻹Ϊҷܶذ

һۣǾ˵ôôżţôĵȢϱ, ǻΪ뱧أǺǣļˡ
Ǽ׼ң˽¸̾ţֱ̾ǸŻ֮ģȴҪǿˡޣ֪С˼ûô򵥡
˼ϱŵǿͨͨģ˼Ҷϱȴǲͨģѹء
Ҫ˵黹鰡ǻŪģǻΪ϶ǵΪ˱أû뵽󵥴ľȻԼ
һ񶼲ˡ

ʲôʲô˼Ͳˡ

ȣⲻڻȻ֪ΪɶôżȢϱˡʱһأһ뱧˰ɣȢϱľͷƵġ¿ˡ
˸ŵͷٲȻһǰǰ˵ĻȻס

̸ȣ
ƨ𣿣ӾżӣӼȢϱΪ˱ӣ

࣬ű࣡
˾ô壬һ˵ʲôǶţƭǵı飬Ǻǣû˻ϵ

Ĳ⼸˾ľȻȵǲΪ˱ӵƨ£Щϻôץסصأ
Ĳۣ⼸ϴֿ϶ûʶ⼸ͼֽҪԡ
ϱأ

ϼҰɣҶӿ϶Ҫϱϼҡ

Ͻ绰ͼǲģ

ͷô⼸ͼֽôã
ùĲͼֽϸҲ˹
ţȷʵͦÿģͼģһһģŶĿ

ĲͼֽʲôкòõģмֵмֵƣľֵһֹҲ㿴ƶֻҪôһ㣬ˣ˵ЩҲ
Ϲսܸ֪ǵҪˣսȶսʿ
˲ҪڸҪĸλϲܷļֵϽͼǲϱġҪϱģҪˡϽо

忴ĲЦӣʵģϱⱾ£

ҲĲ

Ĳ˷۾ͷ

һ࣬С⣬ȥϼҴ绰ô峤¹Ӣӵ绰

һԵأ峤ͻŻææˡ
һ峤˵ĵ绰˶ĸ

ĸŲæ¿ӣֱߵ˲ǣʲôСӢȥӵ绰ɡ߹ģǵô㡣

ٱ߸ĸв˱߶ǿȥأһ˸ˡǲ⣬趼óԲ̤ʵˡ

ҧҧ治ͷӣģʲô绰֪Լܴʲôʹ죡

峤ߴߵļ˵׳м¹Ӣ

׳ʲô£ֶ¹Ӣ

¹Ӣһ£ſ֪ʲôˡ

˴·Ŵ峤ȥӵ绰

ͼֽȷʵ¹Ӣĺ̲ס죬ЦˡӶûӣû뵽ϱҪˡҵţҵˣϱ˲Ҳһ
ŰͼȷʵҶϱġҲһľ⺢ӣҲ̫ТˣŸллңͻ⼸ͼҡ˵һЩǷᡣ

ҵͺá˵ˣ˻˼ǵð˸Ҵ
Ĳ˵ߴ·ҵˣҵ⼸ͼúооȥҪ飬ЩܾӦϲźð

ȻţСĲ˳ȥ

¸ˣҲԼ⼸ƿþˣ༸ϻƿɾȾơԸС⣬ųȥ¹Ӣȥ

¹Ӣ⼸컹ģĸȥݡ
ǾԼ˯СҲû˴š˯ǰҪڣϻҪűһ˯Щۡ

Ҫؾˡ¹Ӣǰļ٣ҪϰˣȻҪϰǰȥ

ʱСģߵʱҲǴСģĸ׼ĶԼեͣ⣬ɹĺɻȡ

Ѿˣϰ

ĸһıӰ¹Ӣ֣˵Ǹүү̳ģҺ׶ûоĸΣڻϸûиðҼ޸壬˶Ͷ˹ػÿÿҾ;öԲ裬Ҹʱɳġ
ĸõ̲סᡣ

¹ӢĸӦڴԺŮ˰Ҳ˵ũͲˣǸоĸĸũֻЩ룬ֵøõ

ĸᣬ˻¶ЦݣȢôõϱˡҵĶ֪ʱԸأȢĸԺӣҪԼҪҪвԵĻ߸Ҹ㳳ģͺݺݵʰģҪܹܵסʰС
Ҳкõĵط׼㣬϶ǻһһġ

¹Ӣĸ֣裬ģǻúùӵġҲҪúõģ´δڻˣǾͽȥסȥ

ŸĸźӵĶϱ¹Ӣ룬ͰԼϵĽϱϡǺκģϵġ

ɩ㣬ˣϱŽƲۣͷһء

ƽʱߣˡ¾͸Ǵ绰

ϱֿЦɩģаڣ϶ܲί

¹Ӣ
˵̫ʵˡȷʵǣڣſ϶ܲί

ĸϱһ仰ˣ궼嵭١

ϱҲøղŵĻȷʵЩɵϽɩģûӣҶһ۵ģǣ˵ҶỤģ´۸ˣҾͲǷϻˣֱɨǸȥ

ĸ¹Ӣ̲סЦ˳

ʱһ˴ǰЩǼΣﻹûأ¶Ϊأ˶žΧ˹иСȥ峤ȥˡ

˾ҡ³

˼˾ȷʵһװﲢû塣

磬׳ģ׳Ķ¹Ӣͬ־׳ǻؾǡλָ·

Ƕ˵˼ⶼɳˣǲ׶ӣ




79.  ǿ         û뵽徹

û뵽徹Ȼɾǻؾǡ

⳵, ̾;ͷӿ϶ǿϱĻͼˣͰ͵Ĵ绰ʣתͷ˳, ϶ͼ

ĸг, ͶְЩ

ܵ˶, СӢܲˡּȻɳˣǾ⳵ȥܵĸƲ鲻Ը, ʾ¹ӢϽϳ

һ·˾ǣһ·˲ӡ

СӵϢǣѶһֱ͵칫ſڲת뿪

Ӱ¹Ӣû̫ӣⱲӾǮпֵһ, ԸΪףȴЩ̫ԸֱӽܸԼ, , һȥȫ硣

ЦͷӹȻͼ

ô㻹Ը⣿廢Ŀһɡ

, Ҫһ¡

ʲôÿǵģɤŰθ߲١

ôͲܿ, ÿ˵뷨һ㻹˿ˣͷ˲٣͸ˣϱ, ֵõ𣿣

忴Ӿͳ죬˲, ϱӣ
칫ֻˣڶӶϱǰҲάʲôģ˳죬˸̡Ѿ˵ˣֻ¹Ӣ˵
Ǿͦõģ޳ģû££·ţʱ͸֪Ȩĺôˣʱ֪ڿɾˡ
үүָҸүүĿүүһľֱˣүӾôǰôѪǰĿ
һ̣ѪҪôҧ˼ԼСӣȻôһӵĵùҹҲٵù㣬û׼Ͳ˺󳾣Ҳһ֮һ˰ˡҪôͷȴһձѩޣ
˵ʲôǺƽЩֻֻ֪ԼǿˣֻԼȨˣŲᱻ۸ŲʱΪ׵ĸ򣬳Ϊһ
ݳһ̣ԼǶôԼûֻعָһһعүүĴ̼Ҳ̼һֱ޴ǰ塣

¹Ӣ˵ЩˣԺΰԽԽõģɷҲԽԽơ

˵Ż칫ҵűˣĲϢȲֱ˹
С°ɡ
ĲбǴһľֺľֵͼֽġ
С°ľ֣Щ顣

죬ǺŲǲǹео

¹ӢȺˣȻľֿ˿ͼֽ

¹ӢĲİ칫Ҿľչۡ
¹Ӣ˼㽨飬ñһͼֽ

ĲִޣСͬ־ŰҪǲǲӵʧ

¹ӢЦŲˣо£ȣҪһ¡

ĲЩˣӲǰ㣬¹ӢЩʲôҸ˵ǿԱڶ޳ǿ
ڶ޳ǼܹɣҸʦͷΣ㸺һǹеϵУֱ쵼һоС顣

̫شˣҵ¹ӢϽƴǣ׳ҪҪҰæģҿ϶岻ݴǡֻҪʱ˶æ
¹Ӣί˵ҶڵĹǱȽġûʲôѹҲ¡

Ĳ¹ӢܾƴǰЩɻ̧ͷȥ塣

ֱۣ˵ʲôȥϱǣݶͣǺڵʱ

Ĳת䣬˿ܸһ治һ׷ҲһС᲻£ܿ;ðôհжԸСӣԲˬ

С°֪Ժʦһжٹ֪ĴͲ𣿡
ĲС һ¶ںüµĹأڴԺס

¹ӢΪ

΢΢һЦϱڽа˿أֲ˵ģͶ˸һ˹ݣÿдǧ룬⻹Ͼʱӵ˽ǮŶңڿŸװ޹˾⼸мʮˡ
֮⣬ϱǮأ治Ǹ㹤ʡ

¹ӢЦͷ
֪Ͷ˸ӹ˾ء

ĲһͣŵۣǮԺϱװһȥɷţԺýմⰡ
⹤ҲǺ۰Ҫǵʦ±߰˸ָأƽʱֻҪƾУĶԽһͼֽ͹æһӵˡҪֲˣֻܿҪҿ϶㰲š
֪ƷӣҲҪУʦϰʱ䶼ɡһɣðʱ°ɣɶˡСʦϴ󰡣˭ܹܵ㰡ģǸٺ˵쵼ˣײѹġֻҪѸóͼˣһ²ϰ࣬Ҳû
ԺﻹжŶԺС¥أ㹫סֵģҸȥĲ˵ǲӿǺ˲ءҪбҪҲᡣ
ĲͰ׵Ķ¹Ӣ΢΢ЦôţȰ⺢;˵

¹Ӣ
ôƪһ˵ҺĶ
Ҫ濼һ£Ȱͷ´˵

°ͣϱòΪɣ
õĲ´ҲѧãôԶ׼

ĲЦŵͷ仰͹ˣţһȷѡġϽͷĹڿ㡣Ų϶ġ

ĲߺͽС
ȥƽ

ƣʱȸ㣬𱣻İȫ

¹Ӣ΢ţôŵ

칫ҵĴţƾʹ粽ĸ¹Ӣˡ

Ҫȥʲôо

ô

ġҾǲ̫ˣҲ̫æˣһæָҵʱ͸ˡ

㻹ҹĴװŲ˵ĺ񻹲ǻæӡ

ǾǸϺꡣ


ڴǰŶ˼粢ֽԶ

ƽ¹Ӣľһ˵ĶԻһֲ䣬ٿ˽ŵӰٸЩƣǸǸû̸ĵ

ʱûڡ

ۿֵ˸ȥݺ豸ˡ
¹Ӣһ⼸̨豸ˣ⼸̨豸Ҳ̭ˡезһµӡȾܿˣӻеµ豸Ҫÿ껨һάǮˡ
ΪҪȥоˣ¹Ӣǰȥ
ÿԸһ˿һȥݣһȥڣ͵ˡ




80.  ̲ס²         Դ֪

Դ֪¹Ӣ, ӢͿʼŬˡ
ⱲӣҪǰͷҲҪǰͷ
Ȼϣ, ҵѹ

ʱ۹, ص, ӢܲģÿζģˬĲСֻһ궼, һֱô۹
ϧһûеģ˵һˣõӶݵ·˸Ƶġ
ϱȷкԭж, ھжbi

Ӣæѹ󣬻кӦִ, ֮, Ƣܲá

ڸʱʱӢ
ǷǷģһŵİſ͵ȥ, ֡ס

¹Ӣʱ, Ӣһ٣ֱӰˡ
СϱƵӢŽȥ

ӢԴӻкζˣһŵζܣԭϵζоͦŵ, ⻳кɾͲˣ˯ҪȥԲãһζͿʼ¡к, ˺üˡ
ԼܣҲͲܡ˹ͬĺӣƾʲôŮôӣ˾ɣ
ӢʱҲԼкýֱģɾǿƲס

һЬͱˡ
װ޾ûɾ֪ϱŲζǰѾ⻻һ·ˣֵҲϴɾ˲Żġ
ţһˡ躰С
СĿţţСףЬû뵽ûѱˣҵǽϱⲻˬ껹ֱӰϳˡ

¹ӢǿСˬ
ãɪ

磬ǻˡ˽¥ŤͷһȻ¹ӢĴк

ЦģŶȥˣ

ͷʮĿࡣ

ӢˢİŴˡ 
ɲӿЦ
ӢЦվſڣһ۾ͿⲻԶһԱˣֻ¹ӢӵϴЦгۡ

ſˣһϲ۾һ̾ݹˣӢӢˣ´Σ´һڸϴٽš

ӢһۣǷŹˡ

¹ӢӵһɣǶֻһ㶫Сģˡ
һľһϹ˴С

Ӣ˫ֻؿſϣӢþò˵Ҫһʱ𣿡

ʱб䣬ǰˡǴ˿ѼȾܳˡЩ㣬ӹ԰

ʱѾڳˣǾǿѼ𣿻ɶˣҿ

ĴӸָָ󣬡ں棬ŰѶȥ

ſɩ󻹸Ÿ˴СĹء
֪ϧ˼ôһﱳôණ
磬ȥæ
͹ŵͷȥѼˣ˳컹ָȥæ

ѴӴˣۼֿøϽ˫ְѴָʵˣĵϱأŲζ㲻֪ǲأ

ͻۿ⿾Ѽһ⣬ʲôζɢζ
ңҡȥ

ĬĬӢԷޣѾľˣһԶҲˡתͷٿĬĬǰԼƾãҲôһˡ

㻳ˣ¹ӢȥӢôվˣȥ
Ӣһַ¹ӢһַƵĿһۣ¹Ӣһ˸ݡ
Ǻ˭

ƣҵģ

а㣬⳧Ķˡ²Ҫ˰ɡ

ûе¡

ӢһĲţ¹ӢҪϳġ
⺢ӿɰڻˡ֪ô£ŸջϣӦر󡣡
Ӣ¹ӢĶӣôжû

ô졣

ᰡ϶ûˣ죿

Ұɡ

ɵץˡ
Ҫǳ⼸컳ˣĺǰųһ飬Ȼ̫඼治һˡ
ϲӻŮ

ҶС

ߺߣ϶ϲǶӣŲţ

¹ӢЦŲ˵˵Ҳ˵š
ʵҲôõģʮа˾Ǹϲӵġ

ע⿴鰡ɱ˵ԩ
ӢͻȻɤţӢҪŮû׼ǻŮ׼ء

һ䣬Ȼ̫ˣ︹̣ƾʲôǶӣľŮ
ڹֻһ̥ҪŮŮˣҵñˣвУ˵ȥݰȥҪ¹ӢӡҪŮĥ¹ӢŮ޳ȥŮ׸ȢϹ

Ӣ¹Ӣüɣûɡ

¹Ӣ̧ȥȻϻ֮ɫʧЦҡͷ汻Ӣסˡ

ˣְˡӢöǰǹ˾ܾ
ôͷɰɡ

¹Ӣͷҹ˾չĲ

һɣҪҲϰᡣϰ壬ӢҡͷһͷʵҸоݵģû׼ʮµĶϴ裬ڸԶŵϵĳζˡ
ȻݰɣҲʹĵЩӲƷ벻Ǯѡ˼ͷʵ飬˾Ҳû¡⹫˾ϣҲˮǴˡ
ҲҪؾˣ⼸£Ҫһأ

ʱ̲ס죬˵ؾǰɣǲ͡

Ӣʵʵ̷ǮϹɶ

¹Ӣǵʱԡ·Щ

¹ӢɲǻΪ˸Դ׵ģӢҲġŮһֹ˵ЩĻǢ

˯ǰ¹ӢǲǲϲŮ
һֱˣ˭˵ģƨϲŮأҸĹŮܲϲϲĲˣ

¹Ӣбӡ

˭ˣʵģ¶

¹ӢһЦЦĶ˸˵ʣǲǸϲӣ

ַƨˣֻҪģӶϲ

¹Ӣӣ˭ӣ

Ȼﺢӵӡ¹ӢϣеûĵķϻˣǹǸϽһСӶҪŮˣҲϽŬŬ

ô֪˼ǹŮ

ⲻףһϲŮ޳ܣ˵Ĳġһ˵һ¹Ӣ꣬ͷ¹Ӣǰ

¹Ӣ׵ķƲЦֹסУ֪ˣҪס˵Ļ

ȻڣȰ£¹ӢʹȥΪƼתһȦôҲͶǮģһǮûֵˣҪ⹫˾չĵզˡ




81.  ؾ         Ӣȥ˾һ

Ӣȥ˾һ˾ͷַΧЩԡ
Ⱥĵ𾢵С֡

СһСӢǰ, ĺܡ
ӢŬŬ죬ʣô£
ȰȾͽ
ԭǽϰһ͵˹˾, װĵ, ˷, ƤЬճӰˡ
ϰƽʱɶʵһݾźüģ˾ҲҪŻᵽ, ˯ݵǰ
Ҷأ˵̫߳ˣϰһ磬ֱһˣҶֱˡ

Ӣ˵, Ҳһͷˮ֪ϰʲô衣
ʱϰ֪ͨӢ, ˵˾ĶϰҪ, ϰô׼Ѹ͸칫áӢҪȥſһӭӶϰ塣

Ӣü, 漴Ȼ, ԭǴ˵еĶϰҪ̣ϰԶϰӰ

֪ͨһȫ˾ԱͶæʰִɨҲȻ, ԭǶϰҪҲоϰԶϰӡ

˾˶֪ǻиϰ壬ֻλϰֻڴ˵, û˭ļο¶ˡ

һ㣬ֺŹ˾ĸ߹ڹ˾ſӭ¹Ӣ
Ӣվֺ

¹Ӣһ³жӻӭļƻһҲ̫̫ʽˡ

¹Ӣһĳƣлƹӡ

Ҫ˵ڵʲôǾǵһʱԥûֺϺݺͶһʡ
ҲˣھǮ͵ֺǰ˼ҶҪġ

ӢӢ³¹Ӣ˲õԤС
֪װϰҵĹӣ˺ϻ￪˸ϰ϶ΪﲻֹһأԼϰû£øﻹûôʽӭӹ¹ӢƣˣһǸࡣ⴫˵еĶϰ²¹Ӣˣ

ȻͿԼϰȥ͸¹Ӣ̸֣ӡ

죡ȻˣӢձۣˣ
ģôģ⼸겻ڸ򹤾ڸ¹Ӣ򹤣ڰǮӻò˻ˣ
ӢѪӿ˦Ӳˣдһ˿ǣڵĹЩ᲻ãƻҪȥǴһء
ôйĿھһ޻Ƶģϲȥ²ģµܡӢͷЩѣ뵽ԼУϽ
ͷǹǴȻͲˣ

ֺ¹Ӣɣ¹ӢҪѹ˾ĸ߹ǰʶһ¡һܵľӢ

¹ӢʱȻǿȺӢˡ

ֺǹ˾εĻܾӢ

¹Ӣ

Ӣɡ

¹Ӣӣɡ
ӢǸݵϰֺ
¹ӢŹֵĿŵװֺƤЬĨŷͷֺ͡һģƽʱʵǸޱ߷ģ

Ӣ
ΪʲôҪһʱ쵱ű˵²Լϰ壬ºˡ

ֺ ǣʶ

ӢЦЩ΢ǿ ǣھǵʱʶġ

ŶԣҲǾˡ

ӢЦĺǿ

ֺ¹Ӣι˹˾ȻͰ˹˾ҡ

¹Ӣһ·⹫˾ͦйģģҲ⹫˾ͳٵġ
ҲΪʲôźڵԭˣÿһأĺھͼһ㡣

¹Ӣ˲񱨱˾Ǯȷʵ٣ɻҲడ붼ֺʵˣСάŹ˾Ӫȥ֪ʲôʱֵܷǮ
ֺ¹Ӣҡͷһзųߵ㣬᲻˺ײǣǰͶ󣬺ڿ϶ر߰
û˼ҲȱǮԭȵĹ滮Ҳ˽һ´϶ġ
ֺɿ쿪ۣûҴ

˾Ҳˣ¹ӢҲûʲôˡڶ죬¹ӢӢƾϻ𳵻ؾˡ

ǰ˵һʱҲҪȥ˾ǡߺˣϵҲ㿪رгȥ̽̽·¹Ӣ˵ַ͵绰˾Ǻʱϵ

ҲˣӢôһڵ֢״˲٣θҲˣǾöܲˣ춼ţʱʱҪЩ

Ӣ˾ǾסңˣүӲס𴦡
Ӣû֢״㣬˷˶ˡæѡ칫¥æˣæŸƷȣæĽŲմء
үӿĽеˣÿôæôãӢһעæûˡÿ϶ҪӢһܰġ

¹ӢؾǺ¾ûԤˡүһȻһµˡӣӦþϼʱϵˡ

治Ӣϵʱ٣˿Ҫǰˡ

ȷϺ¹ӢȥҽԺ˸ڼ顣˳ϲ¸

һֱ¹ӢȻһʱ֪¹Ӣˡ
֪ˣȻҲ֪ˡƿǻᶨ㱨ġ

һ֪̲סϻҫɪ޲Ѹȫˡϻ֪ˣϻǵȻ֪ˡȻԺҲͶ֪ˡ

Ϣ޵İֶˣƾʲôƾʲô˶ӣⱲӶˣȴҪˣ첻岻ܱӣҲӦñӣøһӾŶԣ˷

¹ӢеĽķ֯豸зĺ˳ȱԤڵҪ졣

߻ûҵʵĻᣬ޳ѾʼٳŻ豸ˡ豸һ꣬ζŶ޳Ҫˡ

ЩļҪȥźáԸҲʹ˻Ŷ߹ϵ·

¹ӢǴȶ޳豸ˣԱҲȶȥоԺ

סȵĲɵȲˡ޳оԺҪ޳ôأôȱ¹Ӣһˣ˵ˣ޳оԺˣ

һ˦ӣֱӾͰ¹ӢҪ˹

ºˣҪߵ»Ѿˣ¹Ӣһߣǳûϣˣĵֱӳˡ
ôͬʱҪĳһӶأǶ޳豸ûԱĹؼڣܰѳҪĳߵġ޳˲תˣ
˵ҲҪҲȫٵҪö޳Ӱ˲߰ɡ

ԣ¹ӢһľˣףȻ¹Ӣˣ޳ˡ

Ȼѳɶ֣Ҳǹϵģپû£ʼúĥôӦԱ顣˵ҲǸˡ

ȥ˺ǡǵõ꣬ԷҪ˵Ǯţڻˡ̽·ˡ




82.  չ         ¹Ӣ˾

¹Ӣ˾Ժ
ĲȻ, ˸ԺС¥ȻС¥˵㣬ԺҲõˡ

ӵ¹ӢеϢ͸ĸ˵绰ںǳ鲻¹Ӣˣû׽ֲ, ֻܸĸ˸绰, ĸȥչ¹Ӣ¡

ĸԥ, Ǵ˾ǡӲڶϱߣҪȥչ˶ϱġǶӲ˵֪ϱҲ϶Ҫȥչ˵ġ
ĸʰ߸ٸ̾, ûסԺڵմϱĹҪסȥˡ
ʵ˵ﻰǺ̤ǣ̤ǸеڵľԺΪ㵨ӺͲԵĹȥͲȥϾûκ, ûʲôη嵨ӵģһݵԭλС, û˵ǸҲԲ

ĸٵͬ, ֱ߽ͦԺŵġ

ĸĵӵǲмģ°ܽѡ
ʱ質ĺҲ, ĹųԴԺЩͥŮ, ǳԽУʱŷͬһĽ֮ɫ
ӵĲĸԴԺЩֻ֪Χ̨תŮǶӵġǿʱ֮ǲضزס

ĸڴԺϹһ, ĸĸĶзĳ嶯˵ԺŮͬ־Ƕ̬, ǶǱ޲һƳġ˭˭߹ˣƾʲôˣ

ʱ߷߲ƽؼ߶ɣүǾȲˣ˵ʲôû¸ɾ֪һʧ˺ӵŮ˿Щ۸ȵȡ
˭۸ˣģ۸ܾͲˣû֮
˵ԼүǲϹ˵Լү̬˱
ǲ˵ʲôЩ˶ֻ˵ǵĲǡҲ֪ǹʲôԻ
ԺЩ긾ŮĺܳŮ˾˶Ҳֵͬ飡˵ˣԺмûʧŮģҲʱʱҪһͬ顣

ĸĵԺЩŮһӭġһϹһеĿԭ䡣۸ҵԭ䣬һӪİ
˵ĸǱݵԭ䣬˵˸ӣ׳˵뱲Ӷũ壬šȻϣǾվĸˣοô
ϸŮǻһӣһѹһദ֮ľ衣
ĸһǾʹҪͨĸԴﵽѹĿġ
ٸĸһӴ찡ĸ̫ôˣһȣֱһһذ
긾Ůҡͷ̾˺Ů˵۹ȻһҪ壬˵ʲôҲѡĸĵŰ
׳ѡŵı׼ǣǲ졣
ЩŮǱǴһһ⣬¸ǾͲĸһ仨ˡҲ˵ĲǣǿɾĸǿˣүӦþû˵˰ɡȻʱʱİĸԱһ¡
Ǻǣ˵ǰĸһţţüš

ĸϼʱԵֻ˵һ㡣ĸŮͬ־ûõģĸӹĺһ棬һǸĸûɶͬԣоĸһġĸֲȥ˽õģڴԵһ㣬ûύҲȥύȥ˵ϻûһǿӵģʱʱҪǰģҲʹ졣ĸϣˣֻҪûʵʵ˺Ҳüƽϡ

ĸҲû뵽˴ԺԵȻõĳ档ʱʱƣҲûɶɣԺĸŮͬҲ̫˰ɣоԼ˼˰Ƶġ

ⲻ֪붼Ĺѽ

¹Ӣо°˸ˣ˸ߵƣһŮŮģʣµһˮˡһˮ˾ûһ¹Ӣģ¹Ӣϰͷһ͵ڻһͼ⼸˸סˡ
ź֪ʶôԻеоܣǸĽľ֧ľ֧Ӧ֡¹Եûʲôѹʱ仹ˡĸչˣһʱ̲ƵչˡͷְλֲͣڴԺҲеλˡסԺӹ˳졣
¹Ӣõ״̬ԶںǵĲ١

֮£ӾЩùˡ
ͷöġ޳ҪýһĹˣһ˰ڰ칫һһĳ̡
ԴҪԱϢһų޳ӵѹܵͣĻ̵̻ģԱ䵽Լͷϡ
˭Ը뿪ǹǱϣǰĹ
¸˸ʲôȥؼҳԼ

Щ죬ҵżҪ̤ˡ˭󣬼һȥ̽ϢˣȵŶȥҵš

˭¸ڣʲô׼ҰóҴģʲô׼һĹ˲ҪǲЩ˰ðˣЩܰŲţ
һˡ
쿪ԱᣬºҵʲôߵҲҪһԸ뿪ͺˣϧĸû
ҵ̬Ȼǣ㿪ĴᣬǾľֹˮǱҺˡ

в̫ʹŰԴϾܣűϾָ취ĸλҵܰǳЩ˸ˡ

ҪǲЩһã治·Ա߰Ǹ˰ãЩҲþԸ߰οҲôҵģοǼ˵Ĺ
붼ͷͺ

Ŵϲǡ
ϲԼ˾ȻҵˡǸӲƷ۹˾ԱȻ˽󣬿ɴðҪǸɵĺãһ¹ʼвǮء˵ҵ⹤ȫˣ˼˵áΪˣŴ󱦵˺ǵŴҲˡ
ǵǶ޳ҪԱ֪Ǹʲô׼ߣ֪Լ뻹ܱܲסֲ֣ã˻ڶ޳ϰ࣬ʲôҲᰡҪӢӻڶ޳ҲôģӢڣôҲġӢˣͷûˣĺΣհŴѵýˡ

ʱѾ˺ǣΪĵءǷųϢ˵ҪءۿҲҪƵĽƷʱˡȻŹᡣǷӣɱȸװǮ
ǸҸɵģڵĹ˾ѺдһǮɹֶһءزҵĵһ
ˣںǴһľ֣ɹ˵زҵֻҪһлתսǣԺĿ϶ͷžˣҲܺú޶ˡ

¹Ӣļƻ֧̬ȣúøҵͦõġ
ΪģÿܶȥҽүӸһ
µʱ򣬻ҪĸƵͬȥҽԺм졣




83.  û֤         ¹Ӣ顭

¹ӢǸ۾Ů, ̬Ȳ̲ģй¼¹Ӣ⡣ʱдͷ̧ġ

¹Ӣҽʻ̾ÿʱҽԺҽǶԴЩߵ̬ȴ嶼һİһഫ

, ƿҩ, ˵ǸƬ, ¹ӢÿһƬ
¹ӢҲû룬ڲƺлҩ͸ĸߡ

¹ӢֻҪһ, ĸͲĵķҲǣ¹Ӣʲôأ¹ӢһվԱ߷¹Ӣˡ

¹Ӣ٩ĸ, ŵģ, ͦҲ

Ӵҿ϶ʱʱ̷̿ˡҪ˵廹Щûʲôģоô
ڳĿ϶ȲũͶ, ĸ˴ЩСϱǵʣ¹Ӣְݵ, Ȼ;
¹Ӣ˶, ڸͷͼɫǰˣֽ׶λǳԶٶ, ؾȻ½ơĸģ¹Ӣһأ͸, š

ҸоأҲûĲģ˵·ˣҸоҶ¡

ɱǾȵ߰˵ģĸ궼ûٹˣһĶ¹Ӣˣƽʱׯʶӵ˲١

¹ӢЦЦô˵ĸǲ̫š
˵ģлһûԣҲûʲôӦ˸ջǼżЩѣ⣬ʱûоԼѾˡǸóԳԸúȺȵģ̵ܳԣһ·ӦûС
Ӣ֪ƾʲôʱڸǺ¹Ӣˣ͸û˶ƵģӢ޺޵룬ѲΪԼĹСỳжôɣӢˣ
һ¹ӢĶӾ̲סۣТ˳Ҳ̫֪⵱ˣ

¹ӢЦҪҵԸܵһ̥ܵҲֵ

ӢԾ̲סǣҲ¶ѹ¹Ӣһͷˡû˫̥үˣʱ·СҲǺȷˣүѾܿ϶ĸ˫̥ˡ뻳кԼĶӣ;һжֵõġ
Ժӣ¹ӢⱲֻһˣ˵üһءߺߣӱ¹Ӣ

¹Ӣһߣʱ׼ܻײˡڴʱУ͵Ļͷöϸ¹Ӣ۾
ֱĶǵıӰأصİâüͷ壬ܾŮ򲻻⣬ֱƾֱҲܰôôü򿴡

Ů򱻴ҲŲæģ۾ᳶ˳ǣ͵ͷڲддˡ

üͷĸˣĸоɲ̫á

¹Ӣɫԣּôһֱ˼Ҵ򿴣ͳ˳䣬ôˣ

ҡͷ¹ӢߡԺܸǴǱӰʱɫ

˳ҽԺ˳
Ҫ˵оһþǳſóּ˾Ĳ¡

¹Ӣ˳ҩƿųһƬҩƬһ¹Ӣ͸оζˡ۸ûԹƬⱲǻûԹϱӳԹҩƬԲǸƬζ¹ӢϽҩƬ˳£Ͻñ±ˮڡ

Ƽ͵ľһɲ

ĸæʵôˣôˣ ҩԲȥҪҪȿˮ˳˳

¹ӢҡҡͷҩƬ꣬ҩûɶоƬҲɶƣֱȥҽݡ
ƶ¹ӢҩƬһۣĬֱӴ˸˸䡣ѾԤС

ĸ¹ӢɫĪĶҩƬӿĪЩţôˣҩʲô⣿

¹ӢͷƬζҾⲻǸƬǲ֪⵽ʲôҩүӸ

ĸĲɾͽˣǴҩⶼŪôҽԺˮƽ

ǰҲòŪɣҲζĸƬҲʱĸƬζ

ĸ¹Ӣҩƿɱˣãүӿ˵

š¹ӢҲ˼

ƿųܿ͵ҽݡ

˶˵֪֪ սүӺͰҩҲЩоġ
һһöҩƬʹְϵķĩЩŽŶͬʱ޸˳
¹Ӣĸֻ۾붢үӺͰǵġ

ɫˣʣҩҽԺģ
¹Ӣͷ

үһӣȱ˴ˣ̥Ūþһʬ

ĸ˵һŵվȣʲô
ؿڣ˫۳ŭסҩƿߣȥ⻹ǴҽԺĴأôϷö̥ҩƬǳԣôϴģⲻˡ
ĸûô̱˵ˣǱˣֹ˴ŭˡںµĺܣϱҪ֪޾İҩƬˣǺҪһӶˣҲǻԹһӵġ

߬ȭֱȻûȻ⡣´ֱһҪˣ̫ˣҲ٣ʱȻû뵽ҩⷽ棬ôôˡ
̲סԼӣôͲӺúأѵЩɵˣֻˣôôͷԼ򵥵û뵽ֿأ뵽ֻҪɢһ˼άͺ˰ưղѡҺ¹Ӣû£ȻѴ̣´Σ´һҪΣնɱҡ

ߣҸһȥүӺЩûôˡʲôƨⲻǸβҪءô䵱

ȻܾôˣһȥҽԺ
ڵҽԺҵҩĴʣŮȻϡ

ҿľǸƬ㿴ƿдǸƬ
ƿĸƬô˱ҩҾͲ֪ˡ
Ʊϵ۾òǹƿҩҵİɣ
λҿЩ찡ҸòǸҽݵǼҰɡǹ£ò˶ȥҽݿ
ǣҿɲ£ңҽԺҲҪ֤ݲС
ŮЦ֤ǾóûеĻҪٸ֣Ҿ͸ݣҽԺҽԺ϶ҪͳͳԲ˶ߣͳͳηȥ
Ů̬ȷǳ¹Ӣ˵˿ûη֮ɫоݵĲơ

Χ۵һʼվ¹ӢߵģϾҶģϴҩ´ҶͦĵģһԼ͵ùءԴȻվ¹ӢߣҪҽԺ˵ҪҽԺ֤ԺҪž顣
ڣŮôҽԺ쵼ҲˣͦŮ򡣶¹Ӣò֤ȻƫҽԺŮˡԭȿֵҲĬˡ

Ůô˫ֱأĿ¹Ӣˡ




84.  Ե         үӱŮ򡭡

үӱŮҧһڵ֮, Ѫӿ˵ˣֱˣǶƷףûô
үӺܿŮ˶ۣŮ򲻵ҽУƷҲУ
ò˵, үһ, ˼, Ҳ򵥡ڶΪˮƽиҩء˵Щֻûүѧҽ츳

үӸ˶, ﻹдʵģҩܸ˿ҽʲô˵ԼĹʧſھ˲Ʒʲô˸䵱ҪѲ˸ˣԹԼ뵽, ӻһΡ

¹ӢϽסүӡ

Ҫһʼ¹ӢΪҲҽԺʹʧأ;Ҫˡ
Ҫһ, ӦȲ鿴һƿҩ, ܲ˵Ƕ̥ҩǶ̥ҩˣɺãû, ·Ϳ϶ƿҩǶ̥ҩˡ
Ů̬ȷ, е⣬޿֣㿴˵ô϶˵˵ǡ
¹Ӣü˼, ûʲô˰ɣ
ֱţʶë, ʲôʲôԹô

㣬뺦ˣѪˣĸһеġþûֱķĸоˣǵϴǻ쵰Ҫʱ

ûôѪ˵һҵģȻǾͽоþˣ㺦˻Ƕ㡣

ŮͣǾͽа
û֤ݵ£ϾСǸԺôҲȫǸԺġҲ֪Ůô︱ԺˣҪøԺָֺ
ǾҽԺԺÿǾءֵ³˰תҵĶ֪жأͷεġоأ˵⹫˭ֻҪԺ棬϶ܰƽ
㸱Ժ棬Ҳ¡Ȼҳ֣֮ǰѾ׷ˡ
¶ûգֻҪûе¶ֻҪҩҽԺͲ°ѱҲ֤ݣȫҩҽԺˣ㷵˵ҩԣһ˵⻻ҩءǣ˵ǰɡ
ֻû뵽»¶ô硣
Ԥ룬ǷҩҲҪȵиԺˣи͵ҽԺŻ֪ҩﵼġ
Ԥ룬渱Ժ°ɵġ
ֻû뵽иôһˣүһ𡣿үиһŵʱս׼ˡ
ﻹ¹Ӣë
ѵһҩȥүȷȥˣɹģһ˭ӴҽԺҩȥСȷϰֱв
Ҳһſ϶ˣҲ϶ܷϷˡºˣȫˣæһˣ

ŮվһԵĸԺ£
һ¹ӢûϵǣʱˣŮȻ֪˵ûϢˡ˼ұǲĲ죡Ů֪¹Ӣ˭ġ
Ҳû뵽¶ô죬֪͸ö¶ҪôӦˡ
ɵ˼ҽоأҪ˾죬Ǿ塭
뵽һӵ麹Ҫ֪ˣܰƤ
һĿɬʱЩڳֲˣӦĥĥߵȴᣬȷһʧٳֵġ

Ҫ¹ӢĺӣһΪΪ骺δӡ
ȻҪΪ˶ӺӣȻ¾ǰˣҲôðյ¡
骵ҲˣǸкۿҪˡӣǽҪڴԺӡ¹Ӣ⺢˳ˣӽڴԺƱҪһͷˡ
СʱڴԺסһģҪһͷģ̴һ꣬ҲҪ̵ɫ̵ĻģԺȻҲڴԺӹĿɲã˵ϲãϹĲã骵ԺùˣڴԺҲԽԽãҲûиҿˣϾΨһҵĺˡ
ԣһǰԥʹӦˡ
ӾһУپˡ
ɺ޵ǣ¾Ȼûɣ
ۼΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ɲִ󣬸þš
һҪһ飬еѹȥϽ̬ǰȰ û֤ݣ˾ҲûáҪþˣһٷݣץߵĺܾܿˡ

¹ӢĬȰʱ˵ĻˡûȨûû˵ģ֤Ѱ

ҪôŰɣҽԺ¸ѿƿƬԺҽԺҶԺõθǿô
¹Ӣ˻ü˵ǵǸɣղ˵Ҳ̫ˡҲһᣬʲôﲻ˵ģô˵̫Ӧˡ

˵ˣүӾ̲סһ

ҲһúõظƬҩƿôװǶ̥ҩˣ˵û˸ţɺû֤ݣ

ͬ־ҩزҽԺҲҩ飬Ƕ̥ģôΣյҩɲڸҽԺ϶Ҫյġ

ǿɲС¹ӢһھܾˡҩҲˣҩ϶Ҳܲʲôɡ
裬ǸүȥǱȥ绰

߬ȭͷˣҪǻǵþͣ϶Ҫ˵ġƾֱһ֪ŮҪı¹ӢģŮ޿֣뷴ҧһڵӣһȭͷϡ⸱ԺһһģҲȭͷϡ
¹ӢԸȥҲ̲סˣȥﱣǣȥ绰ұ֤ȥٻء
ƿ¹Ӣ

Уȥ˭ȥС¹Ӣͷصķүĸȥҵطˡ

Ͻסƣлú˵ǺһᣬڰҪȥҰ칫̸ɣʲôʲôҪǾᣬҽԺĶ㡣㿴Ҳûʲô˺ҽԺҲԸǲʹ»СС»ˣһպ˵ǲǣ˭ûûֵİԺǻ治̤ҽԺˣλиͬ־ҪҲҪҽԺİ

һѷƨأǶҪˣأ˵ˣҽԺҪǲ٣ŮҪǲôܻ

¾ƿΧȺȥҵ绰ˡ

ݺݰŵ绰룬ûֱӸõ绰һڵ绰ߵĸ㱨
嵱Ͱѵ绰ˤˣbiģ۸۸ͷˣҺӣҪĸ۵ļá
С⣡һ𣬰ѾԱСŵබһ
жӣ




85.  ߵצ         Ʋ

Ʋ, ֱܻ˰칫ҡ
ܾٳˡҪ£֪ºֱɱ
Ҫ¿һӾܸ, Բࡣôĺ
ŵĨ, Ͻˡֻǧ, ܷܿһ

ƴ绰ĸ¹Ӣ˵һҲȥҵ绰绰
Ǹĵ绰, 绰һͨĸͷһٺǳ⡣
ϽһƨǮŶӶҪ˺ˣ㻹æǮиƨã뱲Ǯȥɣֲͷͷǰɣ

ûĸôɫ, ĸĻΣϸ, ĸһ, һֱĳ;һ, һĸ˵Ļ, ֻôһƬհף˼ˣ٣ŵĲûһԼ, ʲôϢЩµʣ, ôˣСӢˣ

ĸûûУ

һƨɵ˲Լųһ麹ţˣû¾ͺá
裬ô£Ͻ˵˵ıŵϰµġ

ߣĸ򵥰˵һ顣

ӵ绰ĸ˵ľĹǺƨܻվƱȥˡ
˿ֻԼ뾩̫Զ¹Ӣ̫Զ¹ӢΣյʱûվߣûܵһʱվҺû£ȻһӾˣһӶԭԼ
ţԴ¹Ӣȷϵ;ģȥ϶Уһξ͹ˣɾڶˡ
𳵻λƵģεĻңƷɻ̫߯࣬и£ˣ̺Уֱڡ
ڻϰ¶ģںǵĿһ̻ؾǡԺھǷչˡߺöˣķչһҪԺʱʱ¹Ӣͺߡ

ˣһ·ûܰŭѹȥ
ϻСĶüˣĶʮˡ˼Ҷ˿ʼһˣأӲ߾ˣںˣȻ˸ҸŪ

ε۶ˣӳӳҪôӣҪô滮ˣһʲôʲô꿪ʼǹ꿪ʼ䣬ʲôʱѧʲôʱ顭ҪְֵĽְֵĶĥΪݻҪȡܽԼİ࣬Լһ
ŵһвͱˣ

ҽԺҲ˵ʲôϻ˭ͷĥʲôƤӡ
һ֣Ůͱ

Ůͷ壬ﻹһϲû뵽Ժôϵ˾ץˡǺǣð⼸µĶץ߶м꣬Ժ˭ҽԺ¡ϵĵ֮ɫûѾסˡ
׳׳ץˡ

ΧΧ۵ͦ࣬űֿڵĳ嶯ƽдɱûץľ㡣

ŮЩ¡

壺֪˭𣿡

֪֪

֪˭𣿡ָ¹Ӣʡ

Ůǵͷҡͷ

Ҷϱģӣӣ

׳Ķϱô᣿
Ů׻ɲĿ¹Ӣ
ԺʯҲʲô
̱̾ˣ۾ҲϻǱţˣǱĻиղž

սŮ򣬡֪Ϊʲôץ𣿡

Ůŵһ£һָ֪ճڣֿʼҡͷﷺᡣ

Ǿʹ߰ɡ㵽ȥĵطȥӲʲôʱ
һ֣ŮҪߡ

ץұץң׳л˵л˵Ůֺֿ

ۿ̲סһַֻԼľϣ˵Щõġ

Ůŵңңҡҵ¡

㵹˵˵˭£
ֻһλᣬ˵
վıֱľĶµıҲһµľĶŮ

ңŮ򱻿Ļһ̱׷ֿˡ 

ֺǳķŭת˲Բ˺ܶ࣬ܰһıһ
ȻĲ󣬹ȻȻ
ʱЩԭΪҲܸ˷йķʽˣ˷˻ܸʲôҪðѲ˵û׼Ҫ߿һۡ
û뵽һֱΪߵӣȻ˽Ҳôݵצҳְһ־Ͳ㺦ӡ϶һӰѪˣŰեˣǺǣôθڣҲҭˡ
ֱӸȥˣϧʱͬˣģ˶Ҫ֤ݡ

ڰ칫ҽƵȥĵģһֱĶ
뻮һĽŲ칫ſʱ֪ˣ
ûбɶѾˡ

˲Ҫ˹ȥűĴȣſһԸܿյϷһ
ûͱԱһ߿ˡ

ߵĲҽһڵϣ컺
÷÷ҴˣҲһʱһҿߣҾˡÿˣһֱʹѹΨһĶӰôˣʬ嶼û̵ʧķˣ÷Ҳˣԭ⡭

Ͷ䣬һȥĶ˵˵̫̫ˡһʼд˾ͷ
̧̧֣˰˳˶졣
ŮȻȥ֤ݡ
֪Լ类ץȥһ
ŭӵǰ;һжǼҵģ˵Ŀ£ȻĿȥ
ֵֿģſ

ܹҪһҪֻ񫣬ԷййеԹҲǰһˣǧ򲻸ãһ߷ŷһȥӡӾﰡ
񶾵Ůˣ
һ֮£Ҳ֤ҲҪץ˵ġ

Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪֻҪˣͻ˿
˺ܿͰˣҩԴҲˡȻһָù˻ļѳָ;ҩƷ
ŰԼǰһҩһ亹ÿЩûôڼԺҲڲӡȻǶû׼᲻ܲ˵һҩЩҩû׼
һӢҪͲܽܣһأ
Ƿ˺ˣһӾιİǣȷʵʰˣȻԼҪٷҧһڡ




86.           ˱ƽ

˱ƽ˷Ժ, ֤һר˶ţоУҪϢ仰ԺĴû˹˼, Ӱĺ˳

, ׸ϳ˴Ժ
Щ˲Ǯ, 骴ЩǮȫˣһʴˡ

ĸ֪࣬ĿƲסԼŭ, ﶼɱԺ˸ľӣڵҪȥˡһ壬ɵȱ£ʣһëûУڱ, ҲˡȻ϶Ҫһʡ
ԹŮ۸, ھȻӡԹŮ, ϧݺѪ̵סˣ̣¹ضϱ, ˵ʲôҲ̲ڶ, Ҳ̣

ټϱ˫ŹӾߣҲţͬ飬Ҳĸĸ߸ݻʲôЦ, ϱôίӶûˣѵϱˣô, ϱѵˣôţôҲˡ

ĸٶڣС¥

ĸͨ籨ŵĸһӣ˷ˣæȥк·Ͻö

ôӲӻ˴Ժֶˣʱʱͻ뿴ԺӺͼҪôһ£ҲӭӵĵôҲҪʺСסС
ţôҲҪʱˡװһ£Ӵʱסٺٺ٣һ뵽ҪСˣ̲ס֣һԺúýġ
ͦҲ˺ӵԸԸס

年ŴǴӳ³ͿĸԶԶ
ЦӭģԽ󣬵ǿĸԽԽ˳ۡ
ۿĸŲԽԽ죬ԽԽоԾˣĸӽˣĸŭݰﻹŸӡ
ջЦݣʶ㣬ԶĸһʵôˣôŹӣ

˵ͻӹӳȥ
巴Ӧһס˹ӣԱߵľԱСѾľˡ
Ͻڰ֣Сľ

ĸٵİ°ѹӴֳȥ
ĸŹӲͣк

Ǹʲô

ʲô˵Ҹʲôĸ˵һͲ˵ֻͷҧʹŹϴ

һ庰ɾͲˣΪԼϱһֱûԿֻ𱣼ݻģһһӾͼսˡʼԼһ鳯֣ͷսֵľԱվǱ𶯰Ǽ££

Լ׳ͳԿˣۿҪһˣС⿴ĸĽκ׳Ҳ㶯ֻ֣ԭؼĶš

ĸɲ٣ѴĸԵĿҲˡһ߶ĸĹӣһʰ١
ռ˱ˣҲϳԿ
СҲҸ綯ˣ

СôôζӦѪСΪϲģ˭֪ԼҪˣװʲôɵأСأһøȻС϶ϲҪ˵Сɲϣ˭֪Ȣİ

ΪĹϵЩ˲޼ҿɹľˣЩ˵Ĵ£үǶ壬⼸ӴξС᲻ҲʱŶ壬Ȼˣʻԡ
һСѪӿ־ͳȥκȷʵøĶ֣³Կ

ĸٳԿָˡ
͸ôһ٣ǶٴһֱǷڣ͸óֵġԹŮˣҪӡٴһ㣬쵰ˣһһˡ

˺üӣ۵죬ˣ뺷ӸƽʱǴྶͥ

ԺΧֵԽԽ࣬СǿĽζŮͬ־ǿ²ү򿴵Ŀɿڴû뵽һ컹ܿ׳򰡣ǰŮ˵Ĵ

ۼΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ĸҲˣҪˣֶ̧ˣݺݵĵһۣŻҪȭͷˡ

ЯȥıӰۣСŭһʲôң
󱳱˺üӣ˻ۣûԹֿˡ

׳ұɣСҪ塣

ʱΧ۵һСкѽүү߲·ˣ

ΧŮٺôЦ

СһţʲôӺأ
ֱͦС¥ȥݲŸ졣

¹ӢõſڣĸˡϹ˲ʣĸҲͷҵġ

¹ӢƸϽһ˷һ裬ôˣ
ȥ˰¹Ӣҡҡͷôܸ˴أȫ󲻳Ŵܵӡ

ĸͷЩ˼֧֧ģСȥˡһ١

¹Ӣ𾪵ŴͣĿɿڴǴȥˣȥˣ죡䣡󹫹䣡
ȻŶ˵ӣ Կˣ

ĸǵͷСûûôԿ˵ˡ˵ĸء
Ȼݰҿˡĸ¹ӢʲôϽٻݡ

Եġ

¹Ӣӵ绰˵иŴ󱦵
¹Ӣһ绰ȷʵŴ󱦵ֻ񻹴ſǻ
¹ӢſһˣŴ󱦴˽

Ŵۿͨ죬¹Ӣ໵Ŀʼޡ

Ҫ˵Ŵùֵͷ
ҵ˹Ǻ£ǽ˱ˣؼҺͶ˳ۣëǸëģʼˣŴ󱦲֪Ǹ˾һŮͬ´ûȣ϶ǿ˼ˡ

ԼѾ޳ˣ޳һԱ
ҲûЩԱʲôùֵ·๤ݷԱûϣֲǴأôҪȥɨˣȥ¸ڵĹһȥ֣š

ûˣŴڳ֣˼һҪɷ֣ˣϹֱӸ顣
Ŵһס¹Ӣˡ
Ŵ󱦸оԼһӵ˹ȵףϹҪ飬빤ҲûˣɴȥɡŴ󱦿޵죬ԳӾ͹˳˳ˮģôӾͳأء




87.  ʲôã        

ĸҳпҪ׼Щˮ
¹Ӣæ, 裬æˣҲԲʲôȥɣùǡ޳ͺ, ޲, ҺúȰȰ

ĸͷ, ȷʵǣܿ޳Ǻõ, ¿޶ûط޵ġúȰȰ˰ûйȥĿĸŴ󱦵ͷŻȥˣѿռˡ
ƣģڴûһ˯ˡ

Ҹô죿
Ӣ, Ҫˣȥɡ
Ŵ󱦺ޡ

¹Ӣֱܲ˶, ˺, ȱˣǸ, Ǹ, ˵ʲôģӲҪˣ㸸ĸҪˣ

˵ĸͺӣŴ󱦿޵ĸˡԲ, ˣĸͺô죬Ŵ뵽Ǳ, ޵ˡ

¹ӢܲˣֱŴ󱦵죬˺ˣº˵Ұ㰲žˡ
ӢǱ߷ҲȱˣŴ󱦹ȥϰࡣԼСҲǸϰɣŸ˵Ȩеİɣ˵ŴҲ۾ܵԱɡܱô˵Ŵ󱦣˵ȱʲôģ;ŴͦõġĵϣŴһӶǰȥԸŴ󱦳ġ

Ŵ󱦱죬ֹס˿޺̲ס˸ã˼ŷӦʵĿ¹Ӣصģ

¹Ӣٴαħ֤棬棬档
˵ˣٴҾɿ֡

Ŵ󱦵˵ͷ¹ӢŰֳ˻

ӢӣҾ֪ˣ֪Ҿ͸㡣Ŵ󱦵ʡ㲻֪޳˺öˣӸҰõĴ඼๤ģҶ⣬ǰˣҲáû˵ǣ¹ӢߵĽģЩûйϵûк̨Ļˡ

¹Ӣüͷ΢壬ǰĶܱˣ޳˵Ǹʲô׼
׵ӵ쵼¹ӢЩǻǵǵģ»ǰŴ󱦰ɡ

¹Ӣĺ󱳣ˣˣ޾ܿޣǵð΢ôһˣΧھ˻Ϊôء

Ŵ󱦵ͷҾǿƲס

õĺõģûϵ֪
¹Ӣ§Ŵ󱦣 ºýôģ

Ŵ󱦸ջȥҲ飬Ҳ顣ӶôˣҲôˣô֣ҲãҲ飬Ҫ飬ⱲҲҲˣô죬һ˶µϲˣܸһӵġúõģͻȻˣ֪͸ȥҹˣһӲͦá

һֱڶ󵱱壬ʱ̲סڣҪã

ŴɣãҿģȻұ˯þʱʱXxһ£һ£Ȼ˻ɶá
ŴɻĿƣ˵˵˻ɶã

Ŵ󱦵Ļǳ鴤ͿϺϺüضû˵һĥŴ˵ҲеЩңǰЩ㣰ԭ˲һҪðԭֻԼˬҲУֵһϲˣҲǲУ
ﺬãԺǲҲң

¹Ӣֲ֧̲סЦŴһֱûһֱڼҴſŴٸ߸߶ŴŴ˵˿ɲôˡ

Ŵ󱦲ͣĨᣬҶˣ㻹ЦҲ飬취Ŵק¹Ӣ䲻֣ۺڴĵ¹Ӣ취

ҵʱ򿴵ľŴӰſϱϵĳ

һһУһȥͰŴ󱦸

Ŵ󱦱ͻľ¹ӢߣЩ£ᶼͣڵŤͷͶۺŭۿ
Σˣ㲻𣿡

֪֪

֪֪...

֪㻹ôѹ⻰˵ҧгݣŶǴＷġ

ŴɻѹӢûаӢӱȽϽֻĿӢϰûûѹӢӡ
ûУûѹӢӣҾǣ῿һ¡

һ̯⣬Ͽ֪֪һ⣬ÿý˶ѹ˵Ͽˣò˻ˡĿ䵭ַζŨ²Ŵ󱦣ˣһղǳȫƹˡŴ󱦣ϱҲ̫ˡôһһһһҪϱƵġ¹ӢڿиΣգžΣգ

Ŵһ̲סӿˣñ˵£ôˣַˣΪôֵģô˶֣ҲôֺҲÿͳôһСڷÿ϶÷˯ţϵҲûټ
ŴԽԽӿ

¹ӢֱӾͿʼšǰš˻˻۵ֱ졣

˵ʲôʱܸë¹ӢʹšȦ

۵۵ģϽס¹Ӣ֣Ӳ۲ۡҪҸ

¹ӢֺԺҺú˵


أŴô£òǹСӢǰҩذɣʲôʱôˣ˵һˣ
Ӹòװİɣ˵һˣ

¹ӢһۣĻŴк

ԸԺĴţ𾪵ľûϹ
ڻģĿĵһȻһˡ

ȥǸɶŵĵط

ڳһڰٺһЦ˵ûУ¹Ӣϵʽ˾¹Ӣ
ɲӦӦġҲ¹Ӣ˼ģֻϧʱ۵ЩŮԻۣŴҶᣬ˵û뵽û湻أ˼Ҿͽˣֹġ

˸۾ʹһˡţۿСӢôģҲðǵС׽ˡ

֪⼸˲ǮΪҲסĺԺСģסҲ͸Ҳࡣ
û뵽ʲôط
ɭϣţҲǱ˸׵ű˽öഩƷıĴԱ·Щ˿ɨֻɨӹ˲ŻջߣСĸΰһһġ
ԽͲԾˣ·ӶԵ٣ſԽԽ
û뵽ô͵طסģݿ϶һ㰡
ǣôסģûסֱӿʵ

֪Цһۣϱǲϵĸ߼˲ţӸֵķӾⰡ

Ŵ죬CһǳŮ˵

Ա˵ʲôνҲһֱôõģԼǮıҲ¹Ӣ̵İ˵ûë
һŭûУЦĿŻţ㵹ҲԣԵ𣿡

ţ
CҪ

ֻԼû׷¹ӢȻڳĲ˭ءⱲõĽ
ˣⱲֶһڵ¡
̲ס

¹Ӣˡ
û뵽һ鵽ˡ

Ǵĸ֪Ҫġǰһ绰˵Ҫǡ




88.  ûŵŴ         Ӣ

Ӣ, ڸú׳˰ɣҲ̫͵ˣָҲ֪һҿ϶ר̸ףԺȥҲܺúôţˣҪһ˵, Ҹǵĳĳ׳ʶ, ˼ҲöҹĿ࿴

Ҳǲŵ, ǹϵı䶯˵ôţҲǰﲿ, 㺰׳ҿɲӦ¹ӢЦŸ˱ȥ
ȷҪ쳧ˣ

ͦԥģ㣬ⲻȷˣ
֮ǰǼƻһȦģȥֻ㱨˾ǵ, Ҳôģȥϼƺ˵, ɱز, Ȼý㣬Ҿǵ߸Ǳ߻ǲһ, ܴϸϵűЩ

¹Ӣ˻ſ϶Ļ˼һ, 쳧Ҫ˰뵽޳Щ˵ְ¹ӢϵЦݲԾ˼֣Ҳս˻Щø

ھֻôáڴ󾩳Ҳпɽˡ⻹ʲôԥ, ҾֱİˡҪֵ֪ľ϶Ҳһġ

¹ӢϵЦݸˣǸ, Ժ󱱷ᷢչԽԽãչٶҲԽԽ죬Ҳʱ쳧ǲġ˵ǶʶôˣܼģҪõҵģ㾡ܿڡ

һЦĸǲãһڵĴЦĶܿˣԺ⾩ǿɾ˰

ֱٿСӵĵ⾢Цûε۾۵ЦѾüˡǰٲ֮䣬¹ӢעתƵԼϺŶ¹Ӣ˵ϱҲھǷչˣԺҾǵĺߡ
¹ӢƵĿţ˫¹ӢĶϡ

Цһͣ˫ȥ¹ӢĶӣӢ㻳ˣ
ŵĿô죿ǽŶð

һ˵͵ĲУβͶҪˡ
ĿŻţluoŴĵĶףС˰ɣ֪˭ϱ˰ɣЦôôǷǺǣһž͸ſඡ

¹ӢЦһۣ壬Թ⣬ʵǿ϶Ҫ˰ɣ

ͬʱͷ
һ緢ġ
һЩͷɥġ

¹Ӣ۰쳧ʼŴ󱦾ĨӶ¹ӢʼŶˡʱӢʵˣ˲ñ˻᲻ע⵽Ǳˣһֱ˲١
۾Ŭ׵˫ۣĿͻ֮ƣĿ˻ϡ
Ҫȥֵ£찤հܲջƵĿſס
¹ӢŴ󱦵֣ż

Ҳ֪ԭڶ޳ϰ࣬ڶ޳˲ˣҪҪ˵Ļϣȿ¶޳Щְ

һֱӾͳɳˣûʲôˣԭСӢ޳ЩҹǸ㽨װ޵ģҪҲеģ޳ŮΪ

һϲҪҪװҪþŮЩ޷ĳŮⰡ

һڴӦ¹Ӣǣߴţйˡ¹Ӣ顣һӺˡ

ˣסɡǸСԺѾʰˣٴȥСԺҲǿţססöССԺĸңסүӣӢӢ㲻Ƕʶ¹Ӣ˻ŵĵ绰ðհʰСԺˣԭʣһЩ˽ƷѾˣ˳ȡ

ǿ̫ˣ⾩ԺҲмദˣ̤ʵ١

Żȥʰͷˣ¹ӢЦŸŴ˵㿴ⲻˡ

Ŵ󱦳ӣЩţڱļ䲻ţ˼ܿ𣿡

ܣôܣ˵ôˣȱ첲ȵġŴڶЩԱˣǶҪЩŲźá
ҪǲװһǿȥΪ۹˾㿴ĸ

ŴһͲɵͷЦҲЩŤͲ˼ˣ⹤һͲˣĻֵõ
ղӢ˵ʲô˾ţ̧ͷ¹ӢȷϵΪӣ

¹Ӣͷ

ⲻϰĹ˾⹫˾ܾǲӢȥʱ

¹Ӣͷ˾ϰࣿ

ţǽΪ۹˾ģԱ

¹Ӣˣ

ôģ󱦰治飿

Ŵӣҡͷڲ롣ԺҲ벻ôԶ
Ӣӣȥ˾ϰࣿӢ϶ԸҪҡ
Ҫȥ˾϶Ըȥܿˣ챻ӢҲˡ
ǵģŴӢǱͬһϵˣȥ⹫˾϶ҲʱʱӢգ뵽ŴЩˣΪĻҪȥ

¹ӢͷʾˡȻŴ治飬Ŵȥ⹫˾˵ľȥŴһϾҲʵˡһֱûйˣʮϧԼĹɣԼǾ˶ٶİɡ㣬ҲٺúÿǿĻġ
ԺŴͨʱ£û׼Ŵ󱦾ͲϲأʱҲ١

¹ӢЦŴһۣʵ˵ɣӢȻ˾ܾҿ˾Ķϰ塣Ҫ⹫˾ϰ൹ðˡ

Ŵһϲ ϰ壿ǲӢģ

ҪϰģҿԸ㶨ϰ塣Ҫȥ˾ǿȸӢ˵˵ҾӦûͬġ

Ŵ۾һܲӢֱӰ˿ؼңعǰͲŸˡ

¹ӢüؼҺ˵ԺѵҪһֱôҲֻܽһʱ֮һԺҵأ㻹˰ؼң

Ŵ˵һʱһʱɣ־˵ڣ̫΢ˣû

ʵȥӢֵµ㵱ͷ˾ֱӹô

Ŵɵˣҵ𣿡ŴǵһãϹǸ飬Լûš

ôˣڶ޳СҲǸγأ²һʮˡ˵ˣоѧ£Ӣ̽㣬˻ǲģҹ͸ˣҪܹε˰أ㵽ʱ㣬úøѧۣû

Ŵ͵ͷ

ȻˣҲ£»ءίҡ󱦰Ҳٺú룬Ҫ˾ˡ

Ŵˢһ¾ţӢڣҲûôˡ

¹ӢŴ󱦻ؼңʡżҸĸģһȥſڵҪһȥӢȥˣӢȥϰȥˡ




89.  ү޼֮         һ

һ, ¹Ӣʹšˡ
ڻžͽˣ¹ӢǺú˯һ˯Ѻٹȥ

ߺԸ¹Ӣ𴲣˯һ, Žһ˼֮, ¹Ӣ, ֡
Ӣ绰͵ˣﻹһˡŴôҪ
ڶŴ󱦼䲻䲻˳ۡ˭Ŵ¹Ӣôע, ¹ӢȻҪԼȥᰡ

˵ô󱦼ƽˡ¹Ӣƿߴ·˵˯ȻˣǾһȥ, Ǳߵǡ
˵ͲٹҴҳȥˡ

ɽ, ֻܼ˯ˡ

¹Ӣ, Ŵ󱦸ſˡ¹Ӣ˲ŸҸ¹Ӣš

ӢһŴ󱦾ȷۡ

Ŵ󱦱Ӣһ۷һѷ˶¹Ӣ˲, ͷĵ͵͵ĲۿӢ

Ӣ״û, ۶Ҫˣⲻ֪ĻΪôŴءŴ󱦱ǰûϢԽԽȥˡ

ӢŴ󱦵ĸ׶Ƕ޳ŮסҲ, £ǿ˵һ𳤴ģСǱ˴ȻĴڡ
geǰ, ӢܴѹŴһͷġ
˶ǶŮܸĸ谮˵˲ֲ٣ӢƯڳܸĸ谮κη棬Ӣ˵ѹŴ󱦵ġСʱվһ飬ǾһС죬һСѼʶĿӢƽ޹Ŵ󱦱ȵĸӺ޹ʡ
ֱgeʼӢ˷츲صı仯ֱӴƶ˵ӵһӱȻŸǰһŴ󱦣ֻĴˡʱֻſ̧ͷŴ󱦣£Ҹ·Ƶģǿ档
ҵʱŴ󱦵ӳԵĸҡЩܲŴ󱦡

ӢŴĽųġĽáųΪŴ󱦣ܾΪŴˡʱ룬ŴģҪǵŴ󱦾ŴǶ˲֪ٻˡ˾һʱչôһ죬һ죬˲ʹӣҲԼͷġ
ɣȻӦˡǱӣӢֻʣˡ
ԼʱѾҸˣзҵֻҪԼ¹Ӣȣ;ԼǺҸģٱŴǿ˰ɡԴʱȻŴ⣬ҲûʲôĽʵˡ
ٿŴ󱦻¹Ӣֲò̾ŴҲˣͱ¹Ӣȡ

֪ǵӢŴһۣҲû˵ܾĻ
ϰҲǲУ𣿡

Ŵӣܡ

ûǰ˸̵ɵ˰ľͷȥˣģϰࣿ

Ŵ󱦵ͷ˵

ӢŴһŰ۱ӵ Ǹˣ˵Ϊ˸𣿡

һŴ󱦵ʹ㣬Ŵ󱦾̲סᣬˮߵµӢָ͡㿴̬ʹŴ󱦡
ҲƯҳû֣ĸ˻ϲңңңȻΪʲôѡԼϲģҲϲ֪㿴ңǿ϶ҡûһ˻һ˻黹һССᣬأ𣿡
Ŵ󱦶ڵϿ޵

ӢԼŬ㻹ֱ˿ˣҰֻ˵һѧӢأѧڲУûڣ˼еƾɶ㰡ƾϹ㻹Թ˲ϲģֱЦҪҲܿ㰡ûͷܾͲˡ

Ŵϣ޵ĸˡ

¹ӢӢ˵㣬˵ôŪ޵ģ壡

ӢһЩ飬ҲûֱӺ죡ұ찡ٿ޾ͱϰˣ

˵лͦʹŴȻѿ˻ȥֻỹϣʧʹޱˡ
ŴѹͣĿãĨĨᣬ㣬ͬȥϰˣ

㶼¹Ӣܲͬ⣿ӢַۣҶϰ壬û˵

ŴΪЦ

ȱ̫磬ҳ˵ǰͷҵĹأҲ̫ҽþУУҪоҵףӰܽܰɣǰڶ޳ϰĻǲܵģǰɶϰ壿

¹ӢȣǵȻ󱦿϶úøɡҲ̽϶ѧ˵ˣʦͽ϶ܰѴ󱦽̳

ߣٸҹԻֲжûã һ£Ҫʤβ˹͸ҹף

Ŵ󱦵ͷӢźһŴһָһУΪ¹ӢҾͲʰ㡣úøɣ㡣

Ŵ󱦱ŵӣӢǰˡ¡

˵Ķ˵ˣӢҲīͰŴ󱦴ˡ

ǰ¹ӢŴ󱦣пѸŴɫǺܺãǸıǮɲܰԼ̣ˡ

ӢŴߺүӲذ¹Ӣн鷿
Ѿͷ㿴ģ
¹Ӣʰ˽Ʒʱ˹үۼ⣬ǡþһѶпƴˡ
оҽģ˭ûмżоҽͬʱɱľͻоЩŴķ׺֪ʶ
үӾͶԹŴĻоĽ϶࣬Ŷ˽⣬˵үӾǸϸļרҡ

¹ӢүŵĻƴӣЩ죬ùӣͭǮʲôĲⲻʮ黹ǶʮЩС
һʮںǵһ̯ġ

үӾĵɴ۾׼ʮʱˣƴŻʮǮ

ǻƴӣǻƴĶʱ̯ҲӸҰѶװҿͷ

ͷ죬ѾͷǼ˴ˣүСҪûǰʵùģҪﻹив㡣

ʵùģȻмв㣿¹ӢȤүӣ𿪿

үҲ͵¹Ӣ˲вءǰԥˣ˼в㣬ǾͻˡôõĶء

˾ͻˡ𣡡ö룬ܲĿ϶Ǻöٱƴмֵ

ҿɲ˰

¹ӢᶨԼ϶𰡡

¹Ӣƾ۾үӲƴӣȰѴӲƽ󣬾ͿүӴƲ֮СӼгһĲ顣

үӿⲯͼˣͶ鷨о񿴼ⲯͿ϶ˣʾҵ漣ˡ

үŷŴؿԽԽԽԽϲ޼֮޼֮




90.           ¹Ӣô

¹Ӣôⶫ, ʱѶүү취ˡ
ү涮鷨ģ¹ӢԶƤëģƴǴֵ, ʵǿһô޼֮ġ
ԴһĦ漣, ǰ˹

Ŵ󱦻ؼҺǰ, һϰҪװ¹Ӣȡ¸ǰ˵ˡ
ǰͼĸŴ󱦸ܱϽ㰡, ɾˣĿˡ

Щ¸ڹ˵ͷˣǲͷŽûãҲŸճ, õĹûˣԺô, ѵɨǵǮź𣿣ǵǮ, ԼѾ
ɲôŴһ֣ҲҪȡôȻŻɡĽǵİ, ͷҪˡ
Ŵ󱦴Ϣ, ˵콵ء
˷ܵһû˯ţȲҪ¹Ӣһȷһ¡˯һһ۲֪춼ˣŵһԾ𣬼ææ´·, 𼱻ǵܹˡ

¹ӢŽ˽¹Ӣõ϶Ϣǰ̤ʵˡ

ǰû, ͻž͵ˡ

ǰСӡСӻϽǿϡ˼һתȻϰš
ôҲ¸ˣ⳧۹ˮƽаô˲Ŷˣ

ΣѰģʲô˲š

̧§ǰ򣬰Ա˵ȥˡ
ʲôΣСǰ򣬡ҪԺҸɣô

ѽ

⻹м٣ǰҺܿ㣬ֻҪҺúøɣҸ㿪Ĺڶ޳ʵֹ

콵ڱϲ̫ͻȻˡǰ̲ס졣ΪҪһȺŮȥװȷһأֻҪǮҲǲܲȡЦʲôͳͳǸƣǮ˼׼ˡ
û뵽·תģ羹Ȼˡ˵Ǹ㽨װ޵ģȻԸ˸øɵĻ
磬лл磬һúøɡָҾ򶫣˵վҾšۻͳͳҸɣҲҲ³Կࡣ

ǰ⣬˸̣ôЩôҲø㰲ŸС쵼㲻ҹЩˣܲ˷𡣡

ǰ˫ֽ̣˵ĻŭţֻоĴˣǰЩ̧̫ˣңҶ֪˵ʲôˡ

ʲô˵úøɾС

ǰͷ

ȳ΢侲ЩǰЩһ˸ڵֵܽˡ
ʲô磬¸ڵͦģ֪⻹ȱ˲

⻰ʵ⡣˿Ǳڸү˵Ļţѹǰ˵ȱȱ֪йȻˣҪرŮҲܾɣͷҰߵҪгҪһˡ

ǰˣⰵɨǱߵλϰһۣװϰ֮ǰȴЩһɡ٣֪Ǹ۵ģۺðˣϰû
ظ֤ģұ֤ҪѺĶ

ĵ˵ͷŷǰˡ

¹Ӣȥ˽˹ݳԷʽӷϴˡ
û뵽ǡſ¹ҲԷ
¹˵ĸͶкȥĽǡ

Դ¹˴߸һڴСҲСˣҲһԾΪͷһ̨ӡ֮׷˲٣¹ԹһοϹһεЩȻ˲٣Ҫܿ۵ģĵĹ۲ٹ۲죬һȦ۲ɺȻûһȢġ
¹ֹסЦЩֻĳͳͳȥɣ
¹һ߷ŰЦһжϾܾЩˣڶЩڵĳǵ̬ǾԶ֮˵컨׹ٻóΪ

¹ָ֪Ͽ˸˽˹ݵģֻһֱû
˽˹ݻΪͷѼҪͣרǰˡȻרǰˣȻһھӦˡ
ѼΪʲôͣȻΪ˸ѣ˹ݵϰ壬԰һඡ¹Դһ
Ѽڵ˹Ļ˸µױݣ͸һˡҪʲôϹ˾ȻѼˡ

Ҫ˵¹Ѽѣ¹ŵһһײͰѱ˴˿˳ˡ
¹Ư質ĺãֿʼѧϰ裬Զ׼Ŀ죬Ӱ쵽ѼĵλѼȻԽԽ˳ۣǸòһƴ質ĻõСͼĵλСˣĺܡ
Ȼˣ¹ѼҲû˳۵ȥ˭ῴһԼ鷳Լ˳۰ֻʱ¹սţƣεĺܺáڴҿһֱѼѵ¹鷳

¹˽⵽ѼųֶŮŰֲһˣ˭̰ʱѼܶͶ㡣骺ˣڼԺѼѵɩˣȻѼͻѼѸǶŵġ

Դ˦˺¹ѼѾӲˣٲˣûҪ˵ǵĹϵѼѵҲ۸˱¹ʾĻػΪ¹ʾĻػ˹ϵǶٶ񻯡ѼѵĴ£¹ˡ
ԴѼ¹ϴ󣬶˵Ĺϵ͸Ӷ񻯣ѾˮݵĵزǼҪġʱ¹ӢѾˣ¹֪ԼҲпɽˣȻѼˣǵĹϵѼѵҲ۸˱¹ʾĻػѼѵĲ硣
ѼѻûҹأȻܲ˵ĹϵҪ˴ĵزˡ

ֱҳ£ѼѲ٣ҲĬ٣ûٸ¹չˡ
Ѽѵĸĸһֱ骵ھ跽⣬骵ıϢȻû£Ժ϶ûˡ
ĸѾֹһ͵ˡѼѸĸҲЩջֵ¸ɻǮû̵٣񵹻Ҫˡ

ѼѵѴҽгԷҲӵˣһǶ˸ʲôĶЩġ

ȲˣѼλװĵģһǳɹʿѾͳˡ
Ѽѵĸ첲ҽܣϰһ˶ġڿǲô˵ģǽпڸˡ
ԴҳºΨһеԺľǽˡ




91.  ʧǼҩ         Ѽѵġ

ѼѵȻ֡ʶֵĸ, ѼѵİִûУȴǸ̰ģ˵ĲĺãʱʱҪһ, ˵Ծͳ԰, ˾ͽ¡, ǳ˻ưͣҪ˼й˼˵ֲˣĸ˿ζͰ, Ҫ˼´ܸĽ
ÿǸƢģ˭ܵʳ͡
һȥģֵǸѼʶּ֪ϰ壬һûжͷǰԼŮܸʶˡ
˼Ҳû, ⲻǱó
ǰѼȻĻ䲻Լ, ֱּǺ֡ڲùó, Զı׼ҪȻͽЩⲻ̾תͷϳְץˡ

˽˹, йģСԱĶƸ˲١
ںĽɫ, ָŲءҪϰ֮һСмҲ˳ֲᣬƢֺ, ѼڶֻǱȽġԺǴĹҲʳˡ

Ѽ΢°ͣЦƵЦŶԴҵڿɲô, ҽпڸˡ

ѼѵĻ˵עѾתƵԱߵϡ
ôƯͬʱţô˫۾ͬʱ´šһξε΢ЩţʱѾǴǰˡ
⼸ľ죬⼸ǮеԼģƽš
СholdסģͶ˵˳ɹʿķ緶΢΢һЦӾȻֵĻиСѣлҶԼѼѵչˣллˡ˲ɾ⣬ϣҶܳԺáѼСƢûлۣҪǰĲԵĵطҶ

ѼѽߵĵͷĵڶĿˣòùó£ҪĹżȥȻҪỺһ¸˵Ĺϵ

¹˵һ㶣ͿЩˣ˼ǲļﻹ˳²˳ģľϹȻѼĻɫһ˿˵KⲻǴ¹ŵĵɴ˫ۣʲôʱôˣôô۵𣿣ֱһˡ
ǰѳͷѣҪǰѾȻˣ¹ζӳ£ٰζͷ

ʱҲ¹ˣɫһ¾ͲԾˡ˵¹һӵİ¹⣬С㽣ⱲӶȥĿҲʳɹҩҩȴڡ
Ȼˣ¹ֹסļ¡

ѼѼֿ¹񲻶ԣ˲õԤУ˳ֵ䣬ʶ

ֻһЩ֧֧ᣬһԺġ

¹̾ЦŽˣ԰԰÷һ鳤ģֻ׷أǰɣ֡

Ѽ⻰ɫһ䣬ָˣԭ¹ǴֿǸŮѡԩ·խ
ô˵棬ѼϻӲŵģֻЦݽӲ٣Ƕǰˣ˵ǰˡҾ˵ĸû۵ľȻøҼҴַأԭ㰡

˵˭ûأ

˵˵˭أ˵أƶòȡ˵ľ㣡ɱǼҼҴںˣҪƤŤͷɣ㣬ϲҡɱûûƤٴˡǴҲǰ״

ˣ㲻ƶ㲻òȡˣôȥϲǰأ¹˶̣һûסֱߵĲ豭ֱӾͳѼѷ˹ȥ

ۼǲ豭Ѽŵüһ
ۼֿѼһѣԭλá
豭ѼѵĶ߷ɹڵžһ졣

ˣ¹ǳʲô˿ɲģ
Ѽѣ¹ܵʲôã˻ôûءڴСҲǸ˵´˳ȥˣԺ󻹵ǲ̨ˡ

¹ˣСʲôʱ˵
վָ֣ǸҲҪĳ˰ˣʲôõġ
ָָѼѣ㣬ϲҲҪʣ𣬵˭Ƶġ
¹˵һ˦Ŷˡ
ӣˣͱôקˣھȻͷ󡣵һʱô˵ʣڸ˺˾֪ˣ¹Żڿ˵ʲôϲԼʲôⱲֻϲԼǹƨ

ͷѼҲˣúõȫ¹ƻˡڻ֪˰Ѵ˦˵˾Ȼ¹ѾȻ¹ҪˣӦҲһһʼҳԷʱϲȻ޴档

߸¹Ӣӳŷᵽ¹ˡ

ղãã

¹Ӣͷá

˵ô㳤ôءʲôǸʲôİҿͦʱеİ֪ĻΪءҲͦãЩǲ

¹ӢһӲˣѰ˼ţһòԼɡ

Ĺŵģø質ĺãȥ괺̨ء

Űѽһҿ˰ǲǸһװǸʱҾ룬ô㳤ЩأԭðǸ質ã˵ĸôôôǶôÿ㰡ñŮ˻ô

òСӳ켣ɫǻŮ˵

⻰¹Ӣˣƹӣ㿿ƭ˶Ůѽ

˵ĶʵôƭأⶼʵĿޡ˵ʶôˣֲǲ֪ңҿɴƭŮӡǴǳ˵ǰͷɴǿˣҶԸġ
ҷװģôҸղһ;رʡ

ҿɲͷҪԼԸ

ȣУҪϵʽңԼ̸

һβͿ¶ˡ

¹Ӣԥһ£ǰ¹ϵʽˡ¹ôˣӦзֱˡҳԹһοܸòٳԿ˰ɡ
˵ŻſҲģǶ˻һ䣬ﲻǱߣߵĹﶼܱءҪ˵˵ʲô˵ʲôҪ𵽵׵ġ

Ż¹Ӣ⻰˼أͼ¹ӢôֱĶء
ĪЩţʲôأģأû˼Ҳûˡ

¹Ӣͬʱһջ߼Է

ʵŶ¹ӢĻܴɣߵĹﲻôأòһ¾ҪȢؼҰɣôţòİɡ




92.           극

극, ѵôĵ§ţֵܣû㣬ߵŮ, Ҫ, ǵȢϱ׼ˡ

ļٵģż¹Ӣȥǰ̨Ǳ, СòҲУ

϶ҡͷò, Ҫò˼ˣҲȢϱ׼СҪҪ㡣

Ű˲ţɵСҪʵʻˣߵĹﶼôصòҪǾˣƭӣľǸƭӣ

Ǻǣ㰮Ųšԡ

ü, Сĸζһ

ȷʵˣҪǲһ, Сû׼͸Һȥ, ô˵ҲǵùСӵһѵĳ˵һȰ, ˾ͻǱȥ

Ż˵ͷ, ļٵģѾ¶˾ģ߿϶ǲŮˡֲɫƦûŮֲǻȥˡɱ˵Ƶ, Ҫ﷭ɾͲˡ

߰쳧Ķܿ졣µͬʱҲûȥĹ˼¹һʼľȥ¹ģصģǵС˼ͱ¹ӢӸûˡֻĶٻе֮Сڴ, ֻǺذˣȻҲܼˣ¹ȷʵûɶȤǵСҲͳϨˡ
ֻû뵽¹ûʲô뷨иѼѵڿ¹κ󣬸żһء
Ѽ̫Ϥߺǲǹʲô⿴ſɲ͵İ
С񹴵ĻЩȰ棬ûҸжǸѼѻϵʽ

ߵĽҪϲ٣ҪڴѵʽںǸĿأǷһƨծʽ𲻻£ɶҲչھǴչõȺǵĿʽ£˲С
ͰǰʹӶ޳˶ȥˡԼҲʱʱҪһˡ

ŵķװĺ˳Ѿʼݱйˡ⳧ӸĹʴɱȶ޳á
˵޳Щ¸ڵĹһѷŵĹˣЩڸڵĶЩ޳ĸģڰעŵ׶Щ˽˷װ

˼Ļ

ˡ
һ㣬еҪ
ڵɷǸȡˡиĺ֮䣬Խ󣬷޶˾ûͬġ
ɷ򻹰ũӽ˹Ӿ͸û˳ĹԽԽ
֮컹ʱʱɧвҪǮҪѪĽడ걻һҪƷˡ
ʱ䣬Ҫų죬ĶˡܹˡŹ¶ź뿪ǣĻ
ֹ뻻źֱ뿪ǣȥûʶĵطȥû֪飬ȥҲĵط¿ʼµ
֪ӢȥڣӢڷӣҲȥһӢɹܰڵĻѳֵȥһΡ

֪Ҳĳ嶯ڵ֪뿪޳Ǵ뿪޳뷨Ҳᶨˡ
Դӱְڶ޳ͱȽΣڶ޳ڱԵûзչûǰ;һˡͺˣķﻹˣûˣӼˮƽ½ˡͷĳܣʱ֡
ϱͶѹһͷﲻֲʹ죬Լˣܸü˰ɣǲȥˣһֱ·˸ǰ̧ͷ
βԱΪ˼ҵĹϵȻûãʹˣΪϱڼˣһһߡ
ΪһˣΪһй˭ܵ챻ֱӵġŮˣӲĴְȻˡ
ҪְģֱӾ¶ˡ
ȥŵķװӦƸģڵ֪Ҫźº˼ȥģ;һȥһɵŮ˴ź£ɲġ

ֹһƵԼôͰɵȱŮ˷أôϲŮأ
Ķˡһ˵ֻܹ۾ʱͻȻĶˣûйָо鶯ĸо
Ҳ֪Լô£ѵվ飿䷢ʱˣ꣬ǴŴţʱʱѹţǹĴţûµòģӣ;˼͸оͲһˡ
ǴĶĸһʰ
һˣû뵽һᵽĶĸоëͷСƵԼϲĹÿ޳ϰ࣬ÿ޳ϰˣһϢʱʱѰˡ
˵ҲǹˣͬǴ̼Ļ³;Ŀ
ɵŮ³ô;ôһɰءħˡ

ǰҲǲҪκκαװģùһǰʲôʲôαװģƹˤôôˡҲû뵽һվų졣
°·ϣٴαסҪǮʱųӴӺ׷ˡ
ǺܾûˣȾơ

ԴץѼļ󣬾һֱǰЩˣĺܾûλˡ
ͷףһǺܳʱûˣģһ·ҲǼǰˣǡ

ͷһαסʱӲˣԼʱô͸ϴˣ뵽ԼӵȻһˣͶĵķθ

֮ؿ˿ľЦˣаǺܾûһȾˡǰ㣬ֵˡ
갡´һġ
û뵽ֻƵĺ÷Ȼˣ벻ͦӣϹˣĺֵ׼ԼˣҲ֪С֪ˣܲĵꡣǰ컹ζĳɨӡ

״Աƶһ׵˳ߡ

걻ôһۿЩȡô꣬ͷһվǰ˾ȻȸжָоЩ
Ϊһ뿪Ǻ󣬳˸ĸֻ

ѼҪŵϵʽԼ˻żΡ˼ҶµſˣѼѳ˼η
¹ѼʱʱʹĵĻ֦չĳȥΪǸԼȥˣЩµĻš
ֻ֣ȺŮѣǱ˦ۿҪˡ




93.           Ѽѵ飬

Ѽѵ, һʼܶ˵ס
˾Ǻ󣬳˹ûǲ֣иѼ, ŹӸëͷˡ
˺ܿʹûȡ
һΪ˳޸, һΪ˵ǰͷ, һʼͱԼǲߣȻԷԸ⣬˦϶Ҳ˦
˸, һļϣĵĽ

ʧˡ

Ѽһ֣ͬˡûʲôѹٻһĸо
ҪǸĸˣı, Ͳȥ󡣴ٴο¹һʵЩ, Լôʹ, ѵԺô飬Ȼһӣ
Ҫ¹Ҳ, ɹؼ¹ûн, ҪǾôˣܾЩġ
ָѼѷֺÿο¹һٴα, ڱǰҫˣֻҪԶԶͺˡ

Դ¹֪ѼѰ˦˺ʱʱľȥĺԺǱ߳Է
¹Щ, ԼϲĴˣ˴֣ľ;̤ʵ֪˿϶Ǵĵϲġ
Ҳ֪ǲӱĻ˵ˣǱ˺̬ˣǶÿȥˣͶںʵ˵ЩһžЩˡ˵˵ɣȴܶ
¹Ϊ̥¶ЩԱ´֪Ҳôһֱţûվָǰ
ҲĹˣߵǰ׻ǰϲ᲻̥¡¹룬һʴֵġ

µʱӢ˳һ̥糾ʹڸ˻ȿŮһ𣬾˵ʲôҪھˣӢô˵ԹΪأ˵ʲôҲҪھǡ

º¹Ӣ˳һӡ
Լһµĺӣӿĵһۣĵһ¹Ӣۿһȣ̲סӿ⣬ѪˡСʱ¹Ӣ͸оԼֱˡ
ţԸţϣԺеĶ˶ϣֻԸеƽϾͺá
ع뵽ҲĸĸҲͬԸԲŻڳʱֻ
̼ǵĸƽ֣һᣬǳصƽѹƽ֣ÿһ̴̽塣
ӳˣѪˣ룬ԺҪƽʱˣģֻƽͺá

ζӣû뵽˶ӣ˵ˡ
˶ŮˣֻøӵңóԸҲԵġ

ʱʱŶӲ֡
ֻ壬ӸճʱһۣЩ컹ûټ档
¹Ӣ˺ӾͻؼˣҲһֱҡһϹôýϱҡֻĸѺӱ
ĸôġ˵죬ĸûѺӴһΡ
ǵ¹ӢӣʱʱѺӱˣſٴμˡ

¹Ӣڼ䣬ĸͷе£ĸһź¹Ӣӡ
ĸҲǴ⣬СԸ˴ѧھϡ¹Ӣ˶ӣ˴Ժ·硣ڼƻֻһ̥˭ҲӰӢãԺǳˡ
һŮ˻ǵ˶Ӱźá¹Ӣ˶ӣĸڴԺ嶼ֱͦ٣ӢǸ׳Ĺǰо̧ͷˡ
ĸǮ¹ԶӣŮֶгϢǽһе˵Եøġһ굽ͷڽǱߣ¹Ӣ˸ĳƺţֻúùŹЩ˾Уûĵ˺£ӹĲ֪

ֻܿ죬ĸˣΪ¸ǰˣݵ¸Ͷˡ
ΪЧ治ãܿͼ˲ԱĴ𳧵λû¸ֱӲˣ¸ˣǰˡ¹ԶӣλҲʱס˹
ֻԺ𳧻ܲڶ˵ˣ˭ܱ֤һֱŰ

ڶӳûþͷ˺ǣһˡ
ǵĿеĺܲ˳ںܽģȥʽͻ£ۿʽҪˣܲĽ
Ǻܿصģĵѵõķˮõıءϧȱ۵ûʶġǶԸǮӣҲԸֶٵǮõסլ˵˲ֱ




94.           Ҵææ

ҴææӺǸ˻
¹Ӣû,  ɩȥɣҸое㲻ԾǸǵ¥ȥǷ˲Ǯ, ѾԼڰ칫, е㵣ġԳʲôʱִܹ

Դ¹Ӣ, ǿƵҪ£ѾĿں¹Ӣɩˡ

¹Ӣеͼֽü, Ҽǵ¥ƵͦõģѡλҲ绹ҿˣôȥ

˵Ҳа, Ǿֶáֶӡ

¹ӢһˡʱֶƬǲܻӭɼܲסԺ﷭˶ٷֵ
û, ʽ, 򰡡͵ԼͶͶˣܰծ, ˴Ϣʱ, Ժѷȥ¡
ǷŶǮ

˵Ƿծ趼¥ĳ嶯ˣһһǧ, ЩеĴҲ쵽ˡͷҪˡ

һǧ򰡣ͷǮеడҪծΣǮͲ

㵹ǸϽʰȥһ˰ɡû׼ͺ, ͷɱ벻¥ˡⲻŲæ̫ˣ趼ż

ôӲŸճأΪԼܻΪɡҲһʱЩܲˣ侲侲ȸ绰
Ȼȥɣżûǵ¥ȥȥ͵ˣȥˣһ¥

һ飬һһ¥һ¥ɲģһ¥ʮߵģݵģһ㶼а˻ģһ¥ǧˣ¹ӢôǮת뵽¹ӢڵĹ̲ס죬ѽӸɻôǮģ
辪ӾֵС񶼲εģ֪һ¥Ǯ𣿡

¹Ӣͷʾ֪
ˣĥˡȻȥķŶ

ﰥȢˣϱҲ̫ƴ˰ɣԺ˵ɩˣԸ⡣
ͻȥϢȥһˡ

¹ӢֱȥүӣŸҵ漣ҡ

үЩ᲻ã

ǵһ¥ܰծΣⶫҲֵˡ

үӼѶҲͲ˵ʲôϵһǼǮѡ

¹Ӣүͨ󣬾ʹȥǿһɱһ벻ġ

һṳ̈꣬ϺƬˡ
·ɻû뵽ڻסˡ
һ־Ͱ˸۵ˡ

Ǹʲô˱ڵϣﲻס۴У㡣
Сǲ㣿һ۾ϳˣ㻹ǵ𣿡ڵϣʹ¹Ӣȥ

¹ӢЩãȻǣ

˸Ͻ ھɻгֱʮǮ˼ͭǮʲôģǵ𣿡ǵܶ갡ںô꣬һֱûҵˣû뵽쾹Ȼˣ쿪۰

¹Ӣϸ˿ˣǵǸСӣֻװĵͷĴ磬Ǹ˸Ƶġ
¹ӢϽư˷ˡ
Сϰ壬Ƿ˰ɣڸúϰ˰ɡ

ңҡСӵ첲϶Ȳ㣬㿴㶼бˣֹġģ۵ߺ
պ㺰ССƬϰ忴¹Ӣͺٺֵֺ֣Ǻöˡ

ã¡Ϊ㻹ǵңôһ۾ϳˡ¹ӢϰЦôģЦЩǿˣ漣ˣ͸ⶫԴͷˣϰ壬Щ顣

ϰడǵòа˵ôôּСƲأ֮ûͷһǰͼᣬǸСӵͼʱӾһˣ²ǰõĶ˼ҵͷ˰ɣڰһֱڻģͳԲ˯õģ¹ӢģʱԺ˵ܰ¹Ӣ
ϰҲǸӵģ׼¹ӢȲľʵҸͷǸɫӻ𣿡

˵¹ӢЩ֧֧ˣҪƴڻ治ˣƬˡ

òῴʲô˰ɣϰתתͽ͵ ᣬûб˼ٿƴӵǲҪȷʵĻҸǮġ

¹Ӣͷ СӲˡ

ôͲˣôü꣬ȷһ°һֱŲ£ܾԼʧöˡΪ¹Ӣ֪ӵļֵ˵Ӳء

ȣСȻˣ⻹һöûȤ

ʲôϰЩ᲻¡

ҵ漣ûȤ

ģϰ̧ͷĿˣаҪ漣ǿֵǮˣأ

ھأҪȤҾʹȥءλϰҲԭˣҪȤͱ˵㡣

¹Ӣûַ߳˾ǡ

λϰŷŴ󾵿һһ飬漣죬ģ

¹Ӣ첻˵ϰѪˡ
ȤеĻˡ㿪۰ɡ

¹Ӣôʹ죬ЩģѵԼˣǸƷ
ŴֿʼǾģ̽ſڣǧ򣿡

У

Ѽѹһˣ¹Ӣôʹ죿治ˣǸƷɡ
ңҪһ¡

¹ӢۣҼǮأʹ㡣
ѹ֤һģҡҪ㲻ҪˣܹǮˣٰҡ

Ĳ˵ϰ¹ӢĹ֤һ⹤֤Ҳ¶˾ģУȥǮȥεóϵǮˡ




95. [] ǣᣩ         


¹ӢǮֱǡ

һûס, ˳
ʱԼҪ¹Ӣõ
ӳʱŸõҪʲô͸ʲô, Ҫļҵס
ҪԼĳɾ֤, Լѡ·ûд
, ͷ֣ԼȻһͿأۿҪһƶϴ, û׼ҪǷһƨծ¹Ӣ̫ʧˡ
޵ӣˣûôʧعˡ
һжΪӰˣһˤȥ֪ܲл

¹Ӣһཾ˰, û¶ôһ档

̫ʧˡ̲ס᲻Ұһжˣ

˺, Թ, ôܾΪһССĿͷԼء˵ô, Ȿ׬ûǵ¥𡣡򡣡һ

¹ӢĴ, ЩţôǮȻ˵£ֻΪ¹ӢοĻԼжǮ, Ż֪ġ

ţ¹Ӣѻƴӵ¸˵ˡ

Ĵ˸ãܵľ޴ĳ, ֱˣͿϺϣɰͰ˵ܶһ㻨ǮֵõһӣԣæһͷǮûɣҪԼŽӼáͲҡ

¹Ӣô˵һϸˮҵȹԺ㶨˳˳ġһҵѵǮôôǰװæأңж˰ôɵֵܣĳɳ

Цˣս¹Ӣֽ뻳Сԣ¹ӢⱲеǶ¹Ӣˡ

¹Ӣ¥ǮʽˣҲͲˡ
Ժ⼸¥ҾǲڻأͷҾǼۡҪʽˣڸͲϧԺ¥۾ȥڿ϶һ׿һס۾

Ҫ˵ءͶϧˡ

ĿѾˡֻ¥˼ˣʣµ˳ʣµȫŻ˾ǡ
ԺϤĵ̣ϤĴ󾩳Ǵչȭˡ

¹ӢûֱӻؾǣǴȥڡڣֱֺΪƼ
֪ԼŻͶΪƼʱȻ˾Ӣǽ˾ⶵתתģӢǸԼҴذѹӢֿʼˣ֪¹Ӣϰ˰ɡ

¹ӢֺûǮǴүֱ˵ ֺΪֹʧܵͶˣΪֹһǮû׬һǮûֵ

ðˬѣֻЦˣԼ㲻ģô˼¥أֱͦ١

ţ¹Ӣָֺһ ֺ̫ˣ㲻а

㲻а
㲻а
仰ֺԺﲻѭ

ֺ̼ۿͨ죬ĲŻˣΪĲŻȻˣܵˣֺ˫ȭյĽģһֱͦΪԼȡõĽչմմϲģڣմմϲ¹Ӣһ仰ķ顣

Ա߰Цѣʱ̷ֺƲסԼֵҪǸҳһŸſ¡
ȻиҲԱ߻Ķֺ

ֺ˫ȭգۿҪάֲסȣҪ¹ӢԼôͲеʱ¹Ӣһ֧Ʊ˦ֺˡ
ҽģ׬Ǯǵҡ
㣬ڣߵ绰ԣоƬʲôҪһɣˣҲ˼һˣ¹ӢžһϣҪٲɼɴͻϼȥɣ

ֺ֧Ʊҵͷת򣬸ղŵŭ֧Ʊ⴮ɢˡٶǽһ죬֧Ʊϴ˿ĺֺãæʾǣ˵ĶԣǲУҪ䡣ͲҪɷݵĸͶζЦˡ
ϰ壬ԺĿеĴϰˣұ֤ұ֤϶׬ԺԺʵˣǮʲôѭ򽥽Ҫ豸˲һλڱسɼ

¹ӢҿŶͣ

ֺͲ¹Ӣһˡͷɲֺʧ̬һͷȻ̫ˣǱҼİ
ֺͼǮ𣬲ɲǮ¡ϣҵǰصϣ
¹Ӣô˵κͿ϶ˣֺ类˼Ѫȸжֱ˵磬˲ɾģҪΪҵȫһҰľʹ

㶨ֺ¹Ӣˡ

˳ҲûмŻؾǣǸԼ˼٣ֻ˺ǡ

ǣֹ¹ӢĸУ̲ǣȥֳСԣǣȥǵһĵطѵõʱ⡭

Ψһиһֱޱĵŵݡ
һ°ˡ

һ¹ӢĸЩо֮仹п϶ֱס¹ӢӵԼǰŰݡ¹ӢţһЦ
ܳ룬Ⱳ˾¹Ӣѽ


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