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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ӵӣŮУߣƾŶ
䴩ֹ꣬ŮУһװͰ͵ϱ
һ죬ϱ˯ϣ˯
׵ڶ죬껹ûȫݣͱĸʮӣϱ̸ǹ
ֲ粻ֶϲȫͰ͵ϱô죿
ϱڣ⣡
ԴˣĽ
ϱ׬ǮңϱĳԺȣֻ飬׼ȡ
꣺ȥɣ
ʳָϣдŮ̽һӣһѺ֡
ŮУѧһö
ӽǣ
ݱǩ Աת ж ֮ Խʱ
ؼ֣ǣꡢ  ǣΧȺ  ӡ¸ճԽ
һ仰飺С޷ܶճ
4356 ǰղ16302 ӪҺ14950 »֣186,046,240

1.   1    Խ

ͷеΡ
֪ǲǸղűײġ
л㱼䣬ƼһζӰƬƵģϲһͷһ˵ϲζ
Ժرֱۣ³ŵȶˣһסӣСĵ㣬Сĵš
˵꣬Աߵкһְ˽ŵؽ˸˴ǰ
ϲһ˳ʾѸͷ˵˼䡰⡱ļ黰
˦˦ͷ˺üΣûܽͷ
ϲЦƣɹٸ˵ģֶˡ
˵գ֣ͷˡ
ֻǰһһſƵĴӳ
ŵ˺ôһһʱӸײöֱ죬Ķžص˵ϡ
ͷĿѣҲûۣؿڵ𣬱𡭡ҡ
˵꣬Դһ˹ȥ
ϲæƽ󼪴
˵գ˸Ͻʰһ£ٽϴ
СܳԣʮȻ󣬵ȴ
˺üûһ˳յһȥ
뵹˿
ϲ˰죬һ䡰綫ˮõúã
˵꣬ơ
Ƥѵõĸһۡ
˸飬˹
һۣͶŴŵõ˿ҼҪꡣ
һ̧Ųסĺ۽
꣺
ˣ

մ飬ʤź˾ͿʼƮˡ
붴ͳôһ£ֶˣҲȤһӦɢˡ
˽ϣˣϸ˴ͷꡣ
ʮͣһ
ʤڸͷߣࡣ
ղ˰̧ϴ˳ָһѾ
£˻ûѣԴͷϰ˸ӣоȥ
ꡰ໡һӴϵ
ֻЩϤζҲ̫ţǺɫŮεĸֱ
㣬˭
һ˶ˡ
ģ
ԣཱུСҲġ
Ťͷһֻߵͭӳһཱུͷŷϴһͬϲ
￩һ¡
òǴԽ˰ɣ
һǴ
ؼǣġеȥԶ
һᣬҵôһĸоֹ˶֮ҹ
>_<

ʶһ㣬˶á
λ㣬ԩ޳ġ
껹û˵꣬ȻתһŴֽһʶؾͷ
촽²һ֡
һʱûס㵨ӣ
겻ɷϣԼôΪˣֲƬѡķΧ
괹ͷ廹е΢΢ĲôҲʱ˵춯
ر˯ϣ˯
ɴ⣬Ӵɼڴߣһʱֲ֪ǽˣȨ֮󣬾ӱȥ
һڣһѽ˹ô𣿡
ޣʵڲĿŴ֬ݺݵĴŨü
£ӽ㣬ԺʲôԸֻ˵СģСĶΪǡ
MMPʹɣƾʲô˹Ƭ
һλӭȢֵʿ

ӽ㣿
۵һû̲ס
λʱѾ˸ˣ
˼С»֮ҹ׷׹
Ҳ֪λԭǸֽǸܵܣ
뵽ˣƵ飬ɢһЩ
ſҲѺ˲ãøɸӵ궪ϣԸо˿ٶȣԱ˼
³ǣ˵Ƣһôá
ͷ絷⡣
һжġ
Ų˿ԶЩƽ˵㡣
µȻݹãǣûҵͬ⣬㲻ϴ˯ͬҲκμ֮ףҵʱ򣬶࿴
ͷ
˭ôⰮã춢һŮѽ
껹һʱ벻һ䡰๫Ư𣿡
µаɣб죬Լҵط˯ɣȥϴ㲻͵
ָ췢ģģ͵سۡ

һ߷죬һߴӣ˼Ĵ
ͭ͵ƣټװκڵķװͣжϳⲻ峯ǻ
ٸǶ϶ļ䣬жϳ˵
ǸӣҵĹϵͨ˸ĿǰݣӣҲǸӡ
Լڣ
ԣϱʲôŮ
>_<




2.   2    ּҡ

³ʱѾѼƴһǽ֧һŴ
ӱȽխִղţ֮һͷ˯൱ѡ
µ㲻ȥϴϴ
ԭļ֪ϱŮǳ֮ң˵˱뺷ЩĵҲˣûĲˡ
Сشӵ֧ȥϴϴ
ôôϴ
裬Ǳ۾ϴġ
ĳҪλ
ʱﻹһյСơ
˯λòԶɺúöһȵܰѻ
½ϵʵʵҲ֪˯ˣǲͷһôȥˡ
Ҳʵ˿
ϱȻЩǻͦġ
ˣͰЩ

ڶ죬첻걻ѡ
ǸС壬ˣˣ
ϴڵ˴ҹڽԭļͨ˳ˣ֪Ǳصķף»ڶ죬мСϲ
ȴ֪СӶô硣
һӦţһСشӵһ̧ͷͼ²֪ʲôʱѾʰˡ
˫һۣ갵Ծ
ԭļֻ֪ԷҵĹŮòЩģġ
ĵǲ̫ͬµģЩƲŮµĸˣһӣûлȨοǿŵĸҵġ
ԣҲͬⲻͬ⣬¾ôƸ˶ʮӡ
Ӷ׵ףҲࡣ
ΪľǸǰ¸ˡ
ֱճףԭҲֻǼµһ
ƫƫ̫ԶҲûô
˿̣䰵ǽ⣬껹ǽϴȥױ¾۵ס
ÿ
ĸ䣬һ˫ۣ΢΢ţµơ
еҵĹŮȫһ
궢ʱеãһڣбһۣû
æջĿ⣬ɵЦ˹ˣǾý㣬еҪÿ֪ܶ࣡ڣ͸һǰۡ
˸ӣֻûŤͷʰ졣
ĥţԺȻһϵƣǾ͸úദǣûһ㣬ͦ硣
һֱ㽫Ÿˣſһӣÿ˸С
ǻһϲԶˡ

ʰԼǱߣȥȥס
ν飬ʵ̫ࡣ
ϵǶţ߲ɵͲͣһǱߵ٣μӵĶѡ
ؼһû
ֵĴ£˶һȦ
С
׼ݲ࣬һȦͦԺġ
֪ҶҪҲ̫ߡ
Ǿ˳˼䣬˺úŬΪؼҿ֦ɢҶ
ĸϳ˻ڣؿڣѳףԺǴˡ
ԣȻǴˣ
͸ôȥ
˵ʵһʱеת䣬ǴӼʱǴͷ֪û˵һ׾ͷּҵġ
˵еĸĸڲּң
ѵǼٵģ
ϽŵؼҵĴͳ㸸׳ʱĸڵڶգ㽫Ǹ˳
ã׷ͦá
˵ӵ棬üô
һ죬һˡ
껹˵ʲô
ϵǼҺӱͶ࣬Ҳ˲ٵӣ㸸ֻǸһ굽ͷҲͼʮٺԡ
ԣϸʮҳ׷ָɾˡ
Ժֻ꣬߶߶ͺã˵ϱ밲£ؼҸġ

еҡ
ʮƱʮӡ
˭ôŴ̫
棡
ڴСҲǸٶּҾͷʮ
СԺͼĶضûУ
ĸһ۵ı顣
ʶĿɨˣϣиյˣ֪Ҷһ²ؼ߸߹̬Ǹ˵
̧Ŀɤӵĸ˵öԣ㼴ѳף͸ŻˣԺúˣǲ󸻴ֻϣĪҪûͥ
꣺
Ǳ˸һ߳ˡ
ָּɫ£Źߵͷ
ϵ˵˼ңԺҲֻһݣҺ㸸ҲֲˣԣǿڼסգҺ˷ٰߡ
Ǻ

˳ݣͺһԼСԺ
ֱӽĶϳͦżֱڲܺúÿԼסĵطӣ֮⣬һ侻СûղǶɱν൱ˡ
ô᲻ã
ҡͷ
ǿ
ԭܳӣλΣ
ܲõСԺڳʲô
Ͼ
µȻûʲô棬Ǿͻȥʰɡ
Ҳǣ˵ÿҵٰߣ졭
Ǻǣ
ΪҷӸƵķѽ

ԭڼﲻܳ裬ǸѧϰУķϲġ
ĶȻҲû٣ټǳʱܴߵĲࡣ
Ҳǳǰ⼸
е㷸ѣһһգƮ˵ѩʵ¶û
첲Ӵһࡣ
ĥĥߴߴ
ֽ²ɣСһص¸װˡ
ԼĶǺװױĿǰûأֱˡ
㣬һҪȥҷ𣿡
Ŵ˵˳޴ӷڼҴӸ˼ȻһˣϱǱȽϿ׵ģ͸ϱ˼
һһ㣬еͦȣǴͷԵӣ֪ûʲô£ĬһңȥҼ˵һʱסҼ
˫һæлл㡣
лԺٳԵʲôǿ
꣺




3.   3    

߶࣬һʰҲСʱ
ȥ˵һ
ԷԿߴߴȥֻ˼ͭ˹ȥ
ԷŲ鲻Ըˡ
˺ڣؼҵūͼֱһҪ
ȥʱ˳Ͱˮ׼ϴһ¡
ˮյԼСԺС·ʱƼһϸݵӰڲԶĴ̽ͷ̽ԣСҿûų֡
ϸһƣԭ
ˣ̺ţʱеݶˡ
ΪԭϵѾͷ
ԣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¸Ͼ裬Ь˭ûκνܡ
Ŀɨۣȫ̶Ц
ֱ˿̣źۿ
ˮ첽ǰ
žžµ־ҪˮͰ
ûµģأ
˵ţͰˮͰŵԱߣЦЦ
Щܳ죬ø
ƺƵģæͷ˲ᣬū澣ū澾ɳӽ۾
΢΢һ㶡
ԼĶԳū澵ġ
ϸһ룬ƺ֣ԭ֮Ĺϵһֱͦ䵭
Уÿ棬ԭ⿴һۣŨŨ
һλ֣ҪΪĸǸڹӡ
ΪһֱԭǸ
ҲԼ˱ĸϲԣÿҲԶԶؿһۣʲôöǳҹġ
ԭ͸
ֶѭ֮ԭĶ˶ˡ
΢΢̾˿
𣿡
Ĩ˰ᣬڲݴԼİ˳Ϊ˪ͷˮա
æֲ˲СصݹͷūЩûʱ£ūŶֳ˲٣²õʱ򣬷ſһ磬Ҳ֪ϲ
﷢ᣬһѽӹ§ڻ϶ʵģһǸõġ
ҲΪúãԣϺظѡЬ඼һһġ
ԣ۾ͻˡ
ڷһᣬԶ˻ܿˡ
һ䣬ۿֺŴһʱ
Ҫڻ
æô䡭
껹ǽˣ˳ֽ¸׵ϡ
մǼ£ְѷſ˲٣ϸոպá
ͦͦţЦô
ӣǲ˧˲٣
Ȼû˵꣬һסӣǧǧ˵ֻū澣ūܡֻ̫̫Ķӡ
˵š
޳
꿴ܣļˣ޶˶۾á
ﰦһ
Ĩ˰ӣվҪˣǻûҵסĵطū澣ūﵹиլӡ

Ǹϼ޽ؼҵġ
ʱ׵ڶգ̫̫ͽһҴˣ˵ʲôؼҵĴͳ
ؼҵʱӣƫƫֻүģһȥˣҲûյġ
ʱ̫үƷľ١
̫̫Ȼ裬ǷָҲӾЧһһСլӡ
˵ƾɣڷڻ£ټ̼֮ŮΪƷԪر֪һ׾ôһ¶
Щڴһֱڻ
Ҳү˸ˣټ˿Ǯ·ı˸֪ء
ɵϱֱ̫̫й֮޲
ʮ壬ͼףҵ˼Ҽֱֱӡ
ţһףҪϳȥ
ԣǰϸҺլӣȻûʲôϢЩʡԼãټүż㶫
иʮӡ
լȻ򲻵ܰϼ꣬˵
ҲûõΨһܸġ
Կ׵ݸլӣڶͷȻֻСԺλͦãΨһ˽ҲԺȥҲ㡣

ӹڻȺԿףۿһ죬һʱûס
ԼӶһˣԺô죿
Ц˵ʲôЩֻЩѽ
ȴ֪ǿ϶ȫ
ʲôѽ̱˵ĳˣԭĶҲʱǸ
ԭԶٶȱ˿Ҷ࣬Լ˻ӡ
˿ͷվסˣͰӳȥ
΢΢һ㶡
ŵؿꡣ
죬Цñȿ޺ÿ˶٣ҡ
ͷʵ㣬㡭
ӣūˣһ̫̫ҪˣҲū澶ᶨԲ·ġ
˵꣬תܡ
ײײıӰرζ




4.   4    

ˮСԺͼվڴǰ
Ŀķպղ˵ĵطһһʮ˵ˡ
ϵ£Ц㣬ôղɣ
µͷ
ֵҡˣʰãҴ硢Ͼ͵ˡ
һʰһߵǻס𣿡
µˡ
ʵҵҲ̫Ϥԭļ֪ҸĸڼСŮǽߡ
ΪŮСùɿˣ򸸶ԭӦ
λֳҲʲôƫƫλɩӲô
Ȼѩ̿ǾûҪȥҽסˡ
Ŷһ
ֽѾˡ
ղյˮʼðᵽ˾ϴһ¡
Ťͷһۡ
ΪҪЦ㣬ģûʲôŵ㣬ڿ졣
ѵõع˹ǣȷʵͦڿ졣

Ϊе¸պõˡ
ۿʱҪȥˡ
öӹУһ˴ĲˮʣðĽҲųˣƫƫؼû˸ͷ
Ҳε۸ΣûˣѾóǵ
ӽ͸оˡ
ûţġˮҲû͹
͸߹մŵģڶˣôһ˲ԷǸϲЩҲó԰ɣôӵˣôŵ鵽ڡ
ɼؼѾųˡ
꣺
˵õĿԶڼģ

ֵδʱ̵ˡ
Ƶóɫá
ǻˣСèƵġ
ƲƲ죬ˣżҲףҿס
ֻܸɵСӱȡůˣǣЩ

˳ֶŴ˳ֱ㾾꣬˾ȵ档
ģ
ҵı
Ȼеίһɣֻûˣ鲻Ըغһøã
룬ԼݣЦԣȹø׬Ǯˣǳԡ
ĸһӵСŤͷбȥˡ
˵ˣΪ¸ţ˵Ҫؼסӡ
һͿʼظ
Ȼʤ˫ֵúܲ죬綼ûԵϷ
ȥĸˣ̸˸
˭֪øһ롣
űͦΣһ룬С´ǱһҲûԣָ˻һΪСһЩĵݸҲԡ
ƲƲ죬Ҳ
ôܲڶûԶ
ʣĴӣ֮ԣһѬζ
˵ʲô±һûԡ
Ҳ⣬һ룬ⶾôСӦ첻ɶ˺Ծ͸ˡ
¼һֱջء
԰һֻϵĸ˹
ǣѵС˼ˣ
ţƼԼָӡ
һƺôֻСű𾢡
꣺

ǸլӾسǻʮ·
뿪֣¸ӵ硢磬ȥɣǱ˸լӡ
վȲȥˣջȥ
һ⻰˿
ϻȰ˺üء
ЩǮʲôطҲˡ
Ǳи˽ӣ˵ѧ̵ûЩҸպȥǱרĶ顣
ȻŬ
꣺
һ־ȫˣӸʲôô
ͻ͡
ЦЦؿһۡ
걻ͷëʿˮģҵĻǽ鲻ɣҲܿΪ
ٲɣҲı黭ĹҺӦò⡣
Ϊһ
һ滹ŵġ
ʱרҵһĳɼȵ˰˴Ժtop2ɼһߡ

˲סˡ
һʣͶ
˵ử̲ס÷صĿɹѽ
Ŀġ
ȥʱ˵λӣ˳Ծ˯ͷû
꿪ʼɣ־òʲô⡭
֪طˣһֲþܾ
Ҳš
øղŸñ£Ͷӡ˲١
ֻǿˣ˼ЦЦˡ
µȻˣһᵽЩֽţȥ㻭ɣϾЩӣҲ֧Ų˶á
꣺
Ҿǿ




5.   5    ס

ǿȴô롣
СӣвУ
ʲôģֻʹβˡ
ſڣ˶Ӹ˲ֽ
ɰۻˣͳҲʮѽŸճţͻ˶
ѧãҲúСֽ°ֽˡѹˣģֿ١
ʶ֣Ժ󻨵ǮأǮ͸Ƶġ
ޣͰ͵˵ףͷ׬ǮɲףһһʮٺʦүҺڣ۵Ӷģ˵˵Ȩһ׬Ǯѽ
ҪܿׯǲǮˡ
ڣһףӣҪĻԼڳ϶û¶١
ºǺ˵㶼ţ
˵Ŀ϶ϵʣںͷڵģ˭֪ѽ
ƫƫЩСϰգֻ׬ϵ
¡ϡһǶĿ࿴ˡ
ѵõ¶˸Ц⻰ǲ٣׬Ǯǲܡ
ѽǵʡŵ㻨
³ǣֽŵϣ̧ȥˡ
ͷֽ󣬿ʵҲûеô
˶ʮһҲǮ͵ǹЩҲۣۺСһ
⼸ͳŻһ
ζƷֻһΣһ۸ѿڶô󣿡
ⲻǴ
׼ͷο϶ˣһΣСˡ
һʱܲˡ
ϰǺѵã̫үĶҲιǿ̫ˣͷ鷳̫ү˵˵γ죬տǳԲˡ
ɵҲ⻰лˡ
¶һۡ
µϰ⻰ô˵βǳ͢ͳһ۵ƱΣĸѽֵõ̫ү˵ǲǣ
ϰǺǶøˡ
꣺
ͷƢͦ֡
Σ¾ûҪ㽴ʲôġ
ڽӵʱ˵һ䣬ο󣬻ǽͱˣԺǾͳԽͰɣ
֪͵ͷ꣬ԺʹҲųˡ
Ͳˡ
˻һˣҲ׷²ֳ۵¡
ţͼͱһ´ͱԹͣĴС˵ˣ㿴λ˭
˵ָָ꣬
εسǣͣһʱֲ֪˵ʲô
ܲ˵߳ˡ
ԺŽͳˡ

˳ֵʲôʱ򳤼۵ģ
ˣ
µͷ
һʲôѽ˰ɣһҴӼ㣬ϸ²ȥҵǱߵαˣҾ˳ʮһһ
𾪣Ϊʲôصô󣿡
󲻺ý⻰硣
ǣµֻ˵£ֲˡ
Ҳǣ׵ڶͱֳˣԹģһһʮĸ˵ˡ
͢ζļ۶ͳһİһ
ǰ˲٣ˣֶڰյ֮ҲǹƷҲǮģҪƱ
ǵȴһֻҪǮٶ
ƱרŸṩ
ÿ곯͢ݸҲģѽǮ˰δ󲿷ֶˡ
µİƱʱҲ򲻵Σεļ۸Ȼȥˡ
е·Բó͢ΣǿƱȥ˽ȻЩҲ·ѽ
һȥм˽ʲôģʵ۸߲ࡣ

ͷܳԶŵĲ࣬οȥƱȥݸΡ
ϢҲûô죬ֻǳ͢μ̧ˡ
ҲԴ׺󣬼˿ڣ֪ˣѰ˼н̣׬·Ѳʲôġ
ֵܱضЩӹҲͨ˼ǿһЩѡ
ԶһЩ׬øһЩȥҵǣ֪ǱߵαˣͰѼƱȫˡ
Ǳ˲٣ھ˵ıˣƱأһ׬˼Ǯ
űӣ˼ôҲֻǸιЩ
˵׼
Ѿȥˡ
ʲôѽʡֻһ֮
׻˵߻ʵԶ
ԣƧ֮һ
ͷ׬Ǯʵ̫ˣֻ㣬껹е㾪ȣǱ˵ĵӿ
Ǹôе˼ˡ

ûȥΣøһǣֱȥ
ҲУˣٸΡ
˻λƵųǹ˴ʱ˶
լӺܺϡ
ſп˺ϱѵĴϲһȦĺ첼
һ۾Ƽˣ˽ӸլҲͶ׵ľ롣
ܱ߻ӣͦ㡣
ӡ͸ˡ
ֵܰѶݣȥΨһһҾԸףǨ֮ϲ
ü㲻һǮˣ
깣ŲӵһǮôõլӣǴϲ£µµĿʼ




6.   6    ʼ

Ҳ֪ﲢûжӡ
ֻС˼˼
ֵһ
һٷ˶ǮеĻҪһЩ
극ֵܰǰѶڷźãŻ˼ҡ
ԼʲôҲûɣȴ۵ͷ󺹣Ϻֱ
´ۡ
Ϣû
һߴһ̧ۿ̯㶼붯˼Բ㲻ǳ۾ô
ҪǺˣͻơ
꣺
Ȼģ

ʱܴҶ֪ؼҵĴͳԣص͵һķı
µļλ͵Ҳ࣬ԣĿǰ˵ʺīͦ㹻ġ
ҲѧȻõıī̫ãҲס
꽫ʴӴŹҵСţ̲סˣ⻹ͦȫ
ϣûɱǺңʵử
ˣֻ룬ǻʻǻˮī
µʲôֻʲô
Ҳɨһۣʵʲôܻˡ
룬ĳ߷ֽ˷ͼ
˼ʡ
һɣҲӡ
ҶӣŨīȾĻ͸Ǽʯɾ࣬ȴĿ
¼ʶûûڶī̧ͷЦ㣬һˣʱ㷭ۣһס˫һ
ɵ̧ͷһСӡ
ԭȾͦҲ˳˲١
ȴͷ̨īϧһûӡȻӿӡ£ǸȤЩ
ˡ
˵ţߣñʼϽŤŤд֪֡ζ
ҲƲʲô壬ȴĺÿһ㣬ȴĺܡ
ܴм䣬ܵԷ黳
΢΢šü
Ϊдúر𣬵ʱһ۾ͼסˣȴôҲǲ
ۣȻѻᴵ˴ī֭ɵøһЩ
Сģͦµġ
µ㻹ửʲô
ǣòỹҰɣ
һŲһţ
µ˼ʣϾеˣʱϲԼóģеһרҲֻɽˮ
˻ȴǻ
ԶЩѡߺġ
˴ֵȻôŲңҾٻһֵġ
üղǸ֡
˸ŵıʣһīһߵǵǣֻѧɾ֣Ҳںʲôò֡
ֹʻҲᣬΪԸԭ򣬻Щꡣ
˵ͻˣ²ĥһֱ̫ͷͺ
ԣʦ
ˮīûôིˡ
⾳ѧϣٶȲֹ죬ͦз
Ϊһװƹ߷ϲָ
²ɵվһֻıʡ
ͼָһֻʣִЩСЩīֽߵһ£ǱĨһ£ֱϵĳЩʦࡣ
¾е۾
ͷ˼ٶȻͷʱƳģˡ
Բһһʲô
£
һĬѾձˡ
ϸϸıʼͷ˼£ͳ˸ģ
ҲʹټϽͷ㣬˲ڵĶͳһƥܵ
ԣôǸ̤
һʱ֪˵ʲô
ͼʼһתдĸ̤֡ࡣ
ˣСӿеĻҪܸһЩ
¼һԣʼϴʣȥʱպðϣ黭ӸۣܲǮ
꣺
뿿¸

ʶʱ̡
Ǿж˵¸ӡǸܸܵġ
ȻˣǾͶ໭Űɡ
һˮ⻭ҲͲͲ°Щֽ˷ˣʱһҲȥ
һҲԣʦ˵ǸȻҲǧʷɱϾǧֲͬ
˵Щƫġ
ֺʶģȷеΣա
οǻֶԵǻ׬Ǯ
̹ȻؾͰֽҲ
ٴοһۡ
СϲɫһȻʶĿ⣬Ц˵öԣȥ飬иͷǻٻҲ١
µͷ
Ȱ鷿ʰһ£ȥ˽ӿԣմһȥͷɡ
ȥ




7.   7    ͯ˽

Ϊһ꣬ڶ鿼ǿܵġ
ɼܲסϸƷ
ͷ˵ֵذɣСָ첲붼롭
ɣ̻ǷȱЩ
ܲɡ
˵䲻ģ˵Ҷ˻ֵǮ
һҧգ鿼ԹȻΨһĳ·

鷿ʰãһȦڳҵ¡
լӣͷĶȫʰҲͦɾණֱõģˮڳԶر𷽱㡣
ƼѽһӸϴˣ˿˫ֲڴڵشСֹŮ˵ȻС
ţֵæ
겻ԣøɶ͸ɶ
ӣ̳ˮɣһڴеİϡ
ϣ´
ӣϴӵˮˣٽˮ׸
˰ʱ۵첱Ӵ֣ſſϣۺ۵شŴ㣬⻹ʲôҪɵ𣿡
ǴͺҲҪ޶һѽ
һڳĳȻҪôصĻ
°ѳʰµûʲôˡ
˵꣬طϴ˰˵֬Žĳš
ĵģ̾һΪǳԵġ
µû׬Ǯ֮ǰҲֻԿʲˡ
꣺

˽ӵǸͯ١
ҲΨĶˣ˵һλѾȥسǷչˡ
еġ
ʦı¾ֲãʮ꣬ѧһһ磬ûܷɻڴ
еǮ
ʮˣһͷѧ꣬ͯвˣǿ˷۱
ţ١ǱϷʹһҲֻ˸ͯϷ̳һλŹأ
ˣΨһ̳ġ
Ȼ𾴡
µǼ๫𣿡
١۾ꡣ
̧ͷͦأ١ͷֻƼһ˫°͡
١һᣬҲûƵ۾ֹֻ⺢۾Сѽ
Ŭɴ۾ʵ۾治СֻΪ֣۾Сˣϸƹǵۻ˫üëҲֳִĽüҪ϶Ǹꡣ
飬ҲǲУҵȿ㡣
١§§ɽӣƽʱжʲôû
ԭ־ټա֮ǰѧǧġҲӴˡɡ
ڳɼô׼ˡ
ԼǱ־ġ
ԣʵشĩ˻һ䣬ѧޱѧòͨ
١˳˱ټաгһ䣬½ӡ
ΪԼǸ鳣١һ䣬һͽȥһ˳Ʊ˺óΡ
걳Լסˣ
١𾪵Ļᣬֳһǰӡ
ɰ㲻
١һ£Ҳ
١Ի˱ǧġеˡ
˵еķϲģʵеҪǿĶࡣ
ţͷ˶ǫ顣
ѧøãԾԵãԭǸѧˡ
뵽ˣ̧ͷͦأֻҪ١һڣܽ˳һ
١ˡǧġ۽üҿЩˣźӣ֪ɡ㵽Ķˣ
֪Ҫһ
»
١ֳΣôһ;ˣԭӻʹ
١Ϊסҡ࣬ȣϷÿԷŵҰ࣬ΪװμԵͬѧ֪ͬѧΣ
ԣû⣡
١ȻˣձϿΰɡ
װȫ춼˽ӵģҰͱ࣬һ磬һ硣
װͬѧѾѧˣҲƽʱˢˢ⣬ѵ㣬ͬѧֽֽ̡
ʵռϿʱ䡣
꣬ͷʾˡ
룬һҪѧãܲμԣ
˵εֱýָͷٵء
١۾Ҳɣʮ˰ɣ˵ʮ꺮ʵϣڶʮʱܿϵģѽѧ徭໹ø߰ʮꣿ
١걻ֵϷɣʮʽѧϰ徭ʮһ³ʮ긮ԣֱʮûܹԺԣ˵ϷʮжˣԺҲȥ߰˴ˣû
꣺
Ѿشˡ




8.   8    ѧѡ

Ҳû뵽һԺôѡ
ǵÿһӣͦġ
߿ĸѣ
һȺ˳췭ظҲû˵Ȼ
ԭҲֻһȺYY˭Ҳû
Ҳ˿
ղű꾪޵һ˲
ɵӵǲ̫ˡ
Ͱ͵ؿһ˸塱֣ʡ㣬Ҫȥˣ
ﾪκˣϵǲԡ
һĬģ
̾ϢûγĬͣ
˸Ļ֮ʱ١ֽŵȻ⿼ѽҲÿĿˣ㿴Ϸλѧ˽ӣʮ飬ʮѱ徭ʮʽ³һ˸ԣʮ꣬˳ԺԣѧѾء
μʱãס˳ԣӰ˷ӣ˵Ϸ˵εľ´һܰ
˵С̫ģ˵ϷʵĻѧ꣬Ҳ³ˣһβУ´Σǡ
꣺

Ϣʱһ١ͻȥϿˡ
ȥһᡣ
ԼȻȥˡ
ѧʱ±١˵ˣչϿΣȽѧѡ
ҰѧȱܿһЩ١Ӧÿѧ󣬵겹ϰһʱȻη㡣
ôһȥѧѽһӡ
īֽŵȵȻ㡣
һϼƣ̲ס²۵Ҳ̫ˣ
ֲ˶˵ŴܶĶǮˡ
ʱ鶼ܰСƶ
ǵӣǻûأ͸ˡ
²ÿɷ񣬡Ͷʲһֱ𣿡
⻰ûë
Լѧ
һѧʮ꣬мδϹÿѧѲ˵ÿżμӱӮ㽱
ǶңѧԽԽǮ
ϴѧ͸˵ˡ
뵽ˣ͵ˡ
¼ŵҲѧοģֻ˵ɣڶʮǰøӦòɡ
űƽͷǴ߶ˡ
ҴСҲǸԱˣһ»аĶؿ˰
ĥĥȷʵȡ
ʱ䣡
¼ͬ⣬ŵȻˣͣͲòˡ
꣺
˵Ҫ׬Ǯ

ĥ˺һᣬҲûͨ
ΪΣ١ʵĶֻҪһ仰һܽſھ
Բļ䣬Ҿ١ѣ･Щݹˡ
ɵļ飬УȻɼˡ
ҪԲᴦһ±Ƶ״̬еظÿ仰

صҳ극ʰһ£鷿
ԭʮġ
ûϸƣճʱֱ
һ˶ˡ
ɵļ֮⣬µʮֳģоͰ١չ顢徭
ĵ׵
һҳҳķһƣס١
ֳּСէһŮдģ֪ԭԼ¼ġ
ԱҲϸı¼̫ࡣ
һķԭļҲһ˽ڿЩעʱԭľ
ÿû˵ʱŬ飬ֲˣֻԼŷѧ֮ܵſͷһİҪĶϸͷ
귭ǡһ仰һԭر͸ܵ
꣺
ԣԭǴ˵еĴ󱿵
ǣһֱĬĬѧϰѧԡ
֮࣬˿зһѽȻƾӣⱲҲ뿼ˡ
귭ò죬ϣһĽЩ֪ʶԼģʮҳͷ̫㻹հٿɡ
ֻýƳš
˫һۣ¿ڵôĿ𣿡
ͷ
Űѽ̵ݸ˵һ£ּһԼ⣬ǸԿŶ衣
ţͶĿǰǲĸнš
ȻԼ·֣һ˼ǾȲ
ȥҵ𣿡
µģֻܺúѧϰǡ
ã

ϸһĥʶҲôʮʱĵݼޡ
룬˵һҪطϢˣµҪԡˮ͵
Ĭһᣬżһתȥ˳
¶СԸϲġ
ֲ⣬Ϻûκ
ԺԼѽѽĺ
ֹۡϣ
¸ԼСּ֡




9.   9    ⡤

ڶգ˲Ÿϴãͼţˡ
ëͷһľģһǱСϲġ
뺰øֹĸһһС
Ҳͼͭ塣
ǽ°øġ
Ļ࣬ӹ׼°֣һȥ
Ĳ鲻Ըؽ˻
ϲҲѧ
Цÿ˵Դ࣬涮¡
²ÿɷ᲻ݳ
ҡͷϱţûô˵ţˣھ¿
ܹϧͷȶΪְҵѡֵȷˡ
µȥҴѧѧָҲҪء
ͷ
һһһ˺ü硣
֪ģҲûв˽˽ݳĻ׼
棬Լԡ
û˵ĴԼһᣬָеǲ
ؼţر
ӡǾ͸ˣ棬Сһ㶼û̫үӵļӣշֹ֣ûӣһĻëûС
ôҲ䣬ܸĵһ֪Լ⣬˳òʲôõĺá
ͷ
ʵÿһ仰ڵϡ
ɵĶɵСӹĿ࿴

ҡ
ĸŶϱЦӯӯվſӭǡ
³òغʺá
ϲı³СӣԼĺøҵģ
ԴЦûллø
ϲĵŴԴͷɵضллø
Ц
ĴźվĸԱߣľˡ
ĸݰɣһ·ͦģůů͡
һѣе䣬˽ݣůһ˿
򸸺ȥɱȥˡ
粻ҳߣδ顣
˵Ѿȥˣ
ĺϲֵ棬ĸȥķᡣ
Ŷϱȥ׼ˡ

귢֣ҲǶСԺ
򸸺ĸסǰԺԺΪֵܵסµӾĸĸڣССģͦɾ࣬ﻹ˼ǰĶ
־ɡ
ߵСϰڷ軨ΪůͣѾ˻Ƕ䡣
ǽϹŵĲûһá
³ǣ붼Ť˵嶫ˡ
ûŻ磬ɵСһ䣬XXɣ
ҲΪ⣬ŤǸ
ҲͦŤһᣬھ뷹ܻһʱ䣬ǲŻȥʰɡ
￩һ
ġ
뵽ˣ˿ѽҪ˼ҡϣҲģңһԸд׬Щ
ٲУдС˵
ϾС˵˼ٱ˶
бһۣЦЦôյĺ׳־һӾĥûˣ
Цⲻе𣿡
ڰѻ˵ررߣžžžش
µȥǾͺúÿ˻ʲô
ʵ껭
ҹϲĶ÷գһһ׵
µǲⶫûҪǲ֪ͷֵֻǮɱʱɱղǾˡ

ͷϰµġ
Żš
ͷĽֵ϶Ϊ˷죬ڹ֡
լӣ;뻭̲Զ
ʮҡ
ӣӣŵĶ֪ˡ
µǴӴݵģġСܡ̧ͷͦصĹżżɽƹã鷳æƣܷ
һ䣬һݸ߸ߵӾ˹
ӹĻ
ڹ̨ϣϸˡ
ƹƻʱҲ
ͬľȻв١
ÿͷֽͷ˼۸
ǰָһ䣬ұǻúãڣһϰµģŵֱð亹
ƹ񿴻ʱȴĸèץһܡ
ֻöꡣ
ƹȿϸϸ飬ֻ
ΪˣһԵķΧУѾЩסˣŤͷź˺üʿ۾ˣȴ㶼ɵͷĶ
ƹƵʱԽԽãҲеŲסˡ
вУ
ȻԶһ
ڣͼƹ̧ͷȥ̫ү




10.   10    ľ

һ⻰½һɿˡ
ͷҲ첽˽
ƹ⻭ʲô𣿡
һţ̲סýָͷЬס
ƹûʲô⣬ֻǾһλʦĻԣǼүӹơ
˼֪λʦ
ƹЦҲ˵ҲĻ˰ɣ
һˣѵרλʦķ
ƹˡ
꣺
ԣ⻭ջȥ
Ҳ˵Ƿֻ˵꣬λڴʦĻȽܻӭ
ڴʦ
겻֪Ҳһͷ¶ˮ
һϱ鲻࣬⻰Ȼǲɫ
ûôõˣϴðһʺš
ƹòڴʦ˭֪ɣ
ǲ֪⻭ôģ
亹ⲻǲŴ
زģҲֻ֪µ۵ǻû꣬ʲôʷ϶û˵
ƹҪգͼүӹˡ
үɨһۣĿ䵽˻ϡ
ϻҲ˵ֱóһƷŴ󾵵Ķϸ
ǣΪǹŶɣ

үֻ˼ϸ㻻һš
ϸƣĶʺʴת̵Ĳ֣Ҳϸơ
⻭ֽǴӶ¥İɣ
Цǵģá
¥ֽȻôīǲ⻭Ҳ˵ãûмʮĹ²
⻰굹ͬͦͦأʶؾͿ
ͷߡ
̿ǵɪģ
үӵ⻭Ҫˣһʵ̫Щ֪ܷռľӡ
￩һû뵽ôԼˡ
ô˵ղô˵
ү̧ͷһۣ΢΢ЦȻǺãһǸʮǴղ룬ⵥǸʮǽµˡ
졣
ֻܺһ䡰üһ
ǰˡ
Ұµʮļ۸ҿԿһ
ү΢΢һ㶣Ŀԣֻ΢΢̧°ͣһ˫͸żᶨŵعâ
۵һЦɽ
ӣߵ׼īھͰµ㡣
үӣ

үһʱ⻭껭ġ
ȴšݵӸסˡ
ó˱īֽ
벻һ֪οֶƭˣҪ벻ҪҲ
үӵûôˡ
ƹóĥīȴ˹һĥīһһֽ̿
īĥͬʱﹹ˼ͼ塣
Լһʱ䣬Žīѡһֻʣſʼī
ÿһ趼ͣ١
ɴֽʱƶֵµıֽϷٵĹճһӡ
һǽ̽ͷĶ÷
Ϧµһջܸܵ紵Ҷӡ
ǰڵ׼֮ܳҲʮӲ
ˣ
ƼʣеĿϾӡ
˵ˡ
껭ֽ꣬ᴵ˴
ŷ֣ĲΪīɵÿЩЩطī֭õȾһ˿鶯
괵꣬ų˿
ЦүɻУ⣬һ»
˵֧꣬ϸЩıʣԱ
ϧûӡ¡
ƹӡ𣿡
ƹóӡ־ͽСָĴָȥ¡
үӻ˻Ϸơ
˵꣬ķŴڻϸɨ
ֱȷǰͼȷʵǳ֣֮Ű˿
һֻ࣬ͷֱ
Īֿʼ
ǡʱиͷҵƣҵĻҵû
̧ͷͼһװ׾Сżˡ
Ȼװѹ껹һ۾ƳǸӡ
ͷ̧ͷЦԹĿɣղŻ˵óȥͨһأԴҪĻҵˣյˡ
û뵽λȻ
ǣ̧ͷ࿴ۡ
ԹƹҲģүƺö࣬ȷʵЩǿ˲٣Ҳڴʦķ緶
ͷ˿ЦɲǣǽĻ
ԹǾɣǰ͵ͷ
ͷһæϳѻõͷȥ
ƹǽˡ
ϣ»
˵ţ㽫̤ƹľҪˣ̤໹ҪҪ




11.   11    

ͷƤһ
ƹʶر㿴˹ȥ
ͷȻҪģֻһǻúãͷһա
²ÿɷ˳ָǽϹǷ˿ͼ
ͷһ죬˳С˿ͼʲôʱյģ
ƹûͷôͻһ죬ûʲôʱ
Թղľģ
µͷ
ԹȻĿ̤ϡ
̲סһͦȤܵÿǻѽ
΢΢ЦԹӿƵϣ
Թͷǲ֪ʮ
£
˵һ飿
ͷ̾˿

̤ԶصԴƣʮ
ȥͷƹʱ̲ס֪λԹļҵģ
Ҳ̫ˣ
֪ͷķˣɼȻ˫ѾǰˣҲֻˡ
ƹ̧ͷһۣƳλˣ
ǣֲϹ
ĸϻһһѽ
ƹų֪ҵġ
Դ˻ؼТ׼ְأߵǻʵĸ˵·ӡ
һֱϲڴʦĻʹڴʦĻرʢС
ⲻռıˣһĻ˼ʮ
סꡣ
˵һ֮ӡ¶ûˣôһôߡ
մԪء

ƹ˵꣬ҲϰǶʮƱ
²֣ͽƱ˹һת˺ɰ
꿴ֱۡ
е̫
³°ͣ󻺻ƹԺϲڴʦǿȥؼ֧һ
ƹղŻء
Ļ˵ãڴʦķӽˡɡ
ͱµĻоˡ
ǺƹȻֹشӦˡ
µ۸ɲķһˡ
ƹ΢죬ظȻģⲻǣտʼʱ֪ԼƲƵ𣿡
Ҳ֪ԼƲϣ⻭ʮǾͰ׻ˣĿạ̊́ƼͷЩ𡭡
ƹʵһѣǿˡ
ֶҲ겻ţųĻƣҲ˵ǰѼ۸ѹõ͡
±ʾ⣬˫¾ˡ

û뵽һջС
Ǹģĵĸ֪Ҫǿٱ
ټϵͳһʮ
ļ꣬ǲˡ
źɰҲסп㲻ѽ
ʱҲҲʱתҲ
㣬˻£ܲܲᡣ
˼
˳Ʊ˵ͷֲɵ
˾ٺãҲǸһġ
˵ڻ޿Ҹĸֳ۲λɩӿ˵׼
Ҳ˵ɵСӣȻûһԭˡ
µİɣзִ硣
㣬С

˱߱ġ
и뷨ÿ󶼵óȥһˡ
Ȼô󣬲
ƾĹϵǿ׬·ѣҲôš
¾˳ôһ졣
ЦҲĥء
βҪƱ
ȫϵھ˵ãƱǣʱٰһٶʮĵļ۸񣬴мƱ켸Ρ
һҪһء
Ҳ׬нѡ
˫һļϣԷʱһ¡
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12.   12    ˡֲ

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13.   13    Ȧ

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14.   14    ھӡؼ

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15.   15    ơ

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16.   16    ý

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17.   17    ¿

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ȥȴôҲϽӡ
߶߶˵һѡ
ԺͰչˣָҲûĻˡ
һѣͷᡣ
ҪڣһСѾͷͷ󺹵ܳ˵׼ˣôҲҲ
˵һϽСѾͷһ·СŻȥˡ
ٽʱͷһۡ
סֺۿ
µø
ɫôµӵ᲻ѽ
˵ⲻϻ
һĸԼĺӡ
Ǽ֪˶꣬ʱ軹ǿ˺üΡ
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׶Ѿˣռ˼ݵģȴʲô¶ˡ
ȭͷҪڣµҪǰɡ
ڻһӣ˽Ҫ׺͸޵һЩǮ֮⣬ܹЩˡ
˫ʱ򣬶ٴһ¡
Ҫһӣ㹻ؼҸˡ
ο˵Ǹ߾ְһӣϾ㲻ɮҲÿɡ
죬˰ɣˣ
Ҫķ֣ʱ͸ðһߣô
ָԽߣԽǲ֡
뿴ץϹ˳ʵ
⣬ϲģ˵ʮǰĸʮ꿿Увһ׺
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ʵҲǻῴࡣ
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ûЦֻ˹֣ȻȥɣҪǲУ⼸ſڶҵô˵Ҳ檣˸ӵġ
ǰԼĶӸˣܹĲǡ

˸ߵ⣬Ƽһ֨ѽ֨ѽı̧˻
ϵӣǱ˵ġ
¶һۣ첽ӭȥ
ϲϲغһ
үû뵽ջ
´˺ü۶ӣסЩ۵ˣˣ
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үһ۱ԼһͷĶӣסһ꣬ˣ֪ˡ
﷭˸ۡ
˭ôѽնûԸϹĵëѽ
²ۣϻǺرƱơ
ӣʱĽ̻壬ÿնʶ֣ϣһҫ鹡
Ͱһѡ
öͦͷģ̲סһüۡ
û뵽ԼС飬ƽﲻԲģһһ׵ġ
ү˵ֱ죬ļ磬úѧϰʲôĵطԵҡ
ʶƲƲ죬ôȥңȥٴĬϵľ
˼ˣͷү͵ſڣ˻ֵȥɣȥ
үѻȥУǵúúѧϰ
ͷ
үֽ䣬£顣
궼һһͷҪ£ͼһСֶܼ˳һ˵үǰ§ȣ游ˣ
˵ס֣Ц游ĸϲ¿Щˡ
үһһ̧ͷѾԶˡ

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üʱɲˡ
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죬Ȼ֪Ҫ˰£ȸԷùϵ룬ƫƫؼϾҪ뿪ˡ
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˸߳ؼ֣ͼ˫˹
˫һۣ˫ȹӿǰ
үӣղ޼һĻȥ˵ȥһˣ̡
üͷһˣ

˫Ѻȴȥңȥ˻һˡ
ƹתȦȦǽţЦӣˡ
ģҪƲϣƹƼĻ
ǰʱһԼԺʯ𣬸ˡ
Ϊ»Ҫװѣںͷѹء
ƹһƼ꣬öԷȿʯ
Էһ۱ˣߣϧѾ˶ˣƹóȥұţ֪ͨһꡣ
ϣҡ




18.   18    ˳ȫ

ƹһѡ
ҲûλͻҪʲô
ƹ񣺡
ˡ
ôһʣƹʵҲҪʲôҪһڴʦġ
ˣλҲҪġ
صٵĿɲ࣬οؼТǾ͸ˡ
ԣλǸ˵
ҲҪ߻ʵĸһߡ
̫λڴʦʲôʵ۵ĸϲ
ƹλҪһɽˮ֡
˵ɽˮƫƫҪ硣
궮ˣ˳ȫġ
⻭ɲôװ
ѾüĿʵǴҶǮ
ƹЦʯǷǰ˶ʮү˵ˣֳɡ
ǶԷˣǲҲֳɣ
ƹͷǿ϶ģλһ£ģ۸϶Ͳˡ
ͷ
ϷģĻ϶ò֡
Ŀ겻һ֪ˡ
Ȼ۸̸ˣǾͿʼɣ

˳ȫĳߴ248 x 129cm̿һŴӡ
ǰӸŲ£ռõǺԺһ̨
ˣ껹Ǹоеʩչ
ƹҪ󣬰Ѹ׼Ķ׼ˣܰȥĺͳȥˣ׼ĥʱȴ˻ֵãҼӰæɣ鷳ݱջ裬гƤĻ÷ŵȥ
ƹӦһתȥˡ
µҿûйĥ
û£һҵݸʾͳɣԼеˡ
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̫ˣ
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ҲûҴվһԣٻ
һһʱûٻһΣ¼ձˣ̲ס²۵ǹİɣ
ΪԼܰСæ
ݸʲôģֻʸһ
ָһ֧߶һ֧ô񾭲Ƶģһˡ
ҪĥʱоһСʱ㼣
ɽˮɢķ񣬺޲ͼס
Ҳģ󻹸˵ɫ
ȾǡôԶԶȥƼ䣬һСݣһɫӰʰ׶ϡ
ʯ䣬һ뿪С
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ƹһλ۸ȵȻᣬȥȥ
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ҲС
ƹ˵ȥǰͷȥˡ
Ϊ⼸ڴʦĻرУǾĵط
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ƹռĻһߺģĪеơ
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Ҫ⻭ȷŵɣҳȥô
û뵽ȥ˺ͷһᣬǰõļ۸͸Ʒˡ
ƹʲô˼
ƹ񲻺˼ҲƼˣǰǵĻûȥأԣҲǲðȻˡ
˺ڣаɣҲ˵ʲôˣӣͰղ˵ģһֽǮһֽ
ƹ˿ģĬһҪȥ𴦿
һڣߺߵŻˡ
ʱպͷײ˸
ͷʹˣߵü㱻ײˤ˸ƨɶգ̧ͷһǻţæЦţЩûˡ
һͷйƵģƹĻ˵һͨ
ѻͷƹ⻭ѵֵ𣿡
ͷɨֵֵۣ
˵꣬ƹĸӣԼһ·Сȥ˺Ժ
ƹ񣺡
ž֣ͦƹģǺʲôɣ
ƹҪҽȥơ
ԽŵĻԽûԡ
ǰͷļҲûʲô
˵˻ңͼͷšŴ󾵡ϸϸ
һŰ˳ȫɽˮīɫǳ·ת֮䣬˵𺳡
ſԣԾǰ˼Ҫ׷λŮӣ׳ʲô
ֱż⡰顱һײϣʹŻй
ͷ˴˿Ҳòˣ޵߹ǰֽ˲ٰ




19.   19    ռʫ

ģ
ֻǾԼٶȱЩ
ڹ˼˳ΪԼûȪ˼ӿ
ȴԼʱ䣬˿ˣˡ
ͷԼо
ͷԼľ飬ͻĵط˵ĵطдǿĵط˵һ顣
һԡ
ɵĿڵҾãﵹǻüã
ֱ˿̶ֳ嶯ѺŮͷ
꣺

ͷ˵꣬ƹȥ֪ͨͻ
¿ͻʱˣǵƹģһҪȥЩ̸ˣ֪ͨһɡ
ҪǶԷûϣһͷٻһ
˵꣬¸Ͻˡ
ƹҲͻֱӽӴֱӰ͵⡣
곯ƹ˻֣һܵû˵ĵط
µ£򻭵
ͷ
аɣ뵽һȥˡ

˳ҲʱˣԼʱ쵽ˣֱȥԼӡ
緹ûԣղƹ׼ģҲû˵ϳԡ
³˼飬е߲·
Ŷռһʿˮ
һɰ
˫һıܶռȥˡ

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ζ޲ðԴȥ
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ϰֹذãлһת˸ײһȻˡ
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ԹԲԲСһֿԪĸо
ЦԹӺɡ
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ģѽѵĻȥ
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ҲǲȥɣڼȻǻߣԺٲ뱾صĶ˴򽻵
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ͬȥʫᣬԹеˢһӾʹˣЦȥ㣬ǳȥģҼиݾϡ
￩һʶŤͷ¡
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صǲ֪λȥȥ
ԹƲƲ죬ȥɣѧʲУûһõóֵġ
ֵǲ١˽Ӷ飿ҲǶշڼװء
һû꣬ЦҲȥûãҰģԣûôʦ֡
ԹȻ޵ؼȥˡ
Թ˿
Ͻռ»ؼҳԷ
·ʱ飬嵥óһȥ߰
۵ͷֱѪ

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ΪĶ࣬ƹ䡣
ܶ࣬ǵһ䣬ԼҲͲôˡ
۰Ͱ͵ضռֱˮԸ˺ѼƵģռ˺ˣÿһ㣬ֻ˸ͷͼƨɡ
꣺
˰ӣͳ˸⡣
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20.   20    ӡ

żƨɵҪҪԣ˹Լļоеˣҳ˰ɡ
ͷһů
ǡʱͷ߹𣿡
˫һżһߵ˽ү
Ķŵϣӭ˳ȥ
ͼЦϲ߹ӣǷ˶ˣƹȥأ
죬òң
⼦Բˡ
ֳͼϲĺֵܿԸļȣ۰Ͱ͵ؿϵļ⡣
ĵ𶯣ǹøġ
ϲĵͷҾţζ㡭
̾Ϣȥֳһһ飬ˣеʹҧ
˵һųȥˡ
ͻѾˡ
ǮǸˣһͻһ١
ǰʯʮͳһһʮ
ƹ߹ӣҪٻŵӣҪָ򻭵˱Ƚ϶ࡣ

Իĳ߶ĴСͼǽӣɫһߵīɫ֮⣬ȾһɫīҶӣʻ
ԵҳҲŹңƹ֪֮󣬻ʾһ¡
ƹĬĬһҲ˵һֿֿԿ
ͷ
ֵҪǼӸܻÿ
ͷҲûУҲû˿ͷԣӵǸһЩѵʱðѱСһЩ߲ѱߣͼǿÿ
ƹκһͼֽռͷһοĻ
ҪȥѺøţ´ιҰѻȥ鷿
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͸ûƣļȥջǰ£үӺͻƼүоɣ⻭յġ
˵ģѹףǮ⹤֮⣬ˣ˵˶ᣬžһ

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ʱˡ
ȥ߸ˣ
ټ϶һöҲȥͰ͵С˸ˣʱţȥûôˡ
Ϊʱ̫һȦûҹ·ġ
ޱŰ걳Ķһ˲һʱŵҡ
ţٰѳʳŵͷҲصıԼķ䣬£ֱ˵˴ϣ໵ˣˣ
ŶͺˣСëͷߵ·˵߲ˣǸ˵߲ˡ
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˫˶˫ϾһŮҲ굽˺ϹŶŸ޶
ǰһζӵֱʿˮ˺͸߲ˡ
ޣȲأͷţţ˵




21.   21    ơ¿

껹ûڴӣ¾ĺϲֵܺɻˡ
ùþǸѪʱңū
ǸţҲôʹѽ
СӲ֪˵ɶҲ֪겻ˡ
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ԼҸȦʱͷæѴʵˡ
ʱ룬˿湻˼ģղģ֮ǰðʬˣֱ˿̣֪Լشˡ
ţ鴲õĶϺõľرĳʱһر
պһ̧ȥġ
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µ˼һ극ϢϢԴԶƵ¯ںԺܺá
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ͷ
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Ҳ˵Ѿİܼϱһ»򡭡
뵽ˣ۵һһġ
־˸ȣߣһ飬춼ǡ
㣬̫ˣ

ȥһ죬Ȼۣ˯ǰһʱ顣
Ҳѽѽı־
ڶ죬첻˫緹ʱ䣬ָϰ飬˳Ԥϰ˽Ҫѧġ
ųԹ緹ѧȥˡ
ߺӵã÷ء
ȥˮж顣
ǰȫߡ
ǰͷҲ˵Ҫ飬Ҫ֮ģֻһӸ֪ߵغ⺢ʵͦŬġ
µؼҺӶ࣬ǰؼҵʱ򣬿ΪӵݣԣѧϰɼΪЩĶԡ
еĸѧϰõġ
ȻһԷʼæƵ

굽˽ӣʦҲ½½ˡ
һû֮ǰҪôǰͷѧģҪôһҪݣҲű˱
˳Ѳ̫д֣
о˽ȻСʦǶرŬǸһɿ
ÿ춼˯ñȹñȼ硣
˵֣ÿ춼ʱΪﾳãֽ̫ԼһЩʣȻմˮʯͷرŬˡ
١ʱ˼ݾӣôҸȥԾҪʼˣǰͬѧҲѧ˺üˣԣڸװͬѧԾ֮ҰҲдһݣװĲൽĶ
Ӳһݣǣͬѧֵܷݣ˵١Ϣڼﳭдġ
Ϊ˽ӣޣһݾӺҲΪס
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ֽ׼ãдţͿʼд𰸣ԱߵɿСԼȰⳭһ飬ٸԻصԵλô⡣
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ΪǼ˾ôΧžд
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ǰִ⣬泭ųţЩⶼûԣⳭԾ͸˵ˡ
١ͳŴϢоӾԼ೭ݡ
꣺
ͷⶼôѡ




22.   22    ơ

١Ծѣ˵ϴصһ⡣
˳˰ʱ֮⣬µʱ䶼˴ϣӽò粻Щÿ춼֣дʹԽԽд
ֶҪĸо
һʹһ߱Űߡ
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аɡ
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ֱ⧲

˵ƾٵǰԣϾǿӲҪľϵݣֻҪѸöĶñĶͻûʲôˡ
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ҪǿģоҲȥԡ
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һĻٸ㡣
ǣ⻹ţ
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Ҫ³оʵ̫Щ
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걻˵еĶ
תһ룬Ǳʦָƫˡ
ҵûȥҼӡ
ԭһ³ǹ
˻һ
ɿȵİϲ£죬ǹ˽ϴҶ֪ˡ
ټϴδ˷£ǣͱü

صҡ
ľѾˡ
ԶһѼ¯Ӹˣŷ˾ĴѾݵòˣԾһԡ
¯ͷһڴַһַһڹ滹ˮڵġ
ӵŽżһưһưİѹˮҨ
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ȿ
ˮãˮȥϴȥˡ
ǰ㲻˷ѡ

ϴã˫Ѿ׼ˡ
һ˾͵ˣֲ˼ģ´βõҡ
»ûڣҲǵ㣬ͷлûء
˵ţһ뷹ȥԺ¯ȥˡ
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ôһƣѾ̳Ӿˡ
ٰѸһ⣬һæˡ
նͼͰ͵ؿžƣЦҪҪ
ҡͷϻÿأտ⣬ûʲô׵ָһ飬顣
һȶˣɶҲˡ
Ҹղųˣͷ
˵ţһСӸһݸȰǼڷٺȾƣһҲûС
꣺
Ϊһ˲Ⱦʵ˵ȥ

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Ϊƻе죬µĿڸҪһ㡣
ȥڳ㣬θҲůůġ
ǣһͷʣµĶŨŨľ㣬귢ʵ׾Ҳûеôҡ
ΪƵĶߣôһȥǾȫ泩
ղųͦ䣬ڵȫûоˡ
ɣһ
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˼һѹˮ
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˺üأС÷˵ʵǲǲ˯һѽ




23.   23    ɼ

һûһͷˮȥ
һץס죬Сĵ㣬ô䣬ȥɲܡ
ͬصͷ
˿һһ͡
˼ۣ˰˵СƢǴЩƢͦạ̃̾Һɩƽʱô˵ңҶȥСҪֵʲôСŤҲȥз˲סһѽ
ŤͷҺʵȴ֮ĬһµûûֱŤⲻΪ϶̫ˣӰ˯𣿶֪ϻ࣬ܰѵĸڵĹˡ
𾪣ôû
һҭˮ¯ӸǰߣΪæһ̫ˡ
ôѽҪ˯һ
ҿţͰȥ
ðɣšüŬôÿѽƶһӶǸͯͯǡ
ûҼӶѽ
˲ԵĻëܸһʦĸо
ʱʱһɵ

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ȰȰջȥСӡ
Ҳһʱɣ
濴ԹԱ죬ѻøһЩֲӰơ
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һ׻ʣºܶ࣬˵ģʮ
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ڶ죬ûͷϸĽŲ
ӵഩ㣬̫á
û£¯Ӹǰء
˱˵Ժߣ귭˴ͼĵѾˡ
Ĩ˰Ժȸæ¯Ӹ֧Żطϴһ飬һ߳緹һ߹ϵ顣
м䣬һǺܶ
ҲӲϣԣһ߳һ߰һᵽ˽١

굽˽ӣǰ˾汳ͬѧſһ˵Ծ飬źãɿϲ˹
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Ե£
ϳԷʱһ졣
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ոպðǱ˹ӳⱾġ
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ɿ֪Ͳˡ
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ЩذôҪԭǸϻѧԣڻĽĥ־ء
뵽ˣٴԼá

һԾݣŵ١ˡ
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һ
١˵Ϣֿʼ˵Ծ顣
Ұһʮλͬѧ˸ղ˵ǵ֮⣬⣬ҴҲȽ϶ࡣ
ݣҪǴûѧġ
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Ψһȱ㣬ԽдԽƮ
١˼Ժÿ콫ʱʱ䣬һʱ࣬ȡڶʱڰд
겻ţԼȻǰ࿼õġ
ԣ׼ȷ˵οУȫУߵġ
κط˷ԼľӣԱ߻١ļ
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հֽóɿʹ˹ʦܣ㲻˵ȳɼ;û
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꣺
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24.   24    Ͽ

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ᱣҪԱ֮⣬Ҫ䵱֤ˡ
мοԳӣĿһҪϸЩ˲٣ųݻϵ
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˸㵣㲻ôﰡɶɶģеžͿ׬ǮȻеΪҲ¡
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˼ˣһҧаɣΪһӣҾȥƤʡ

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վһ
١ǷݾӺ⣬ϸһıԭԼҪ͸١
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װʦһ뿪ͿԿߴߴذ˵һ¡
ġ
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ЩûεͬѧҲ׷׸˽ӡ
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ĵĻѧ
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25.   25    ʦ

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ղԶû̫һƣҲе⣡
ԭļôһ
ǰѧԱߵĿ˽Ӷ飬ʦ潲ѧ
һʹʦ֪֪֮֡Ҳ
尵Ծϸɨء
겻˵ϻͷʦָǽΣǿ̫ˡ
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ĴҲ˿ˡ
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ҰҲмλͬѧȥ³ԣԣһŲװ
꣺
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˻һ
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ټҳ֣ģЩһʱ벻ֱ֣ƴ档

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ɿ˵ˡ
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ʰöʹҸŰ߳ң˺ʦܣʳ١Ǳء
Ȼлܵ˺Ժ
Ϊƽʱ׼ʱؼҳԷģͻĿԣѧǳٳٻزȥ¾˫Сëͷȥƣ֪Ҫһ죬Իȥ׼ЩԵĸ˹
Ϊһοԣֺµ˽ʱд꣬ûüԶֱӸŵˣжͬѧպÿõ߳Աд
ѧмͷģҲֱӷŵ棬ߴ˭ԿԼá
ʳߣͻȻɿסˡ
׷
ɿʦܣһû㷽𣿰ҽɡ
ͷҲ˲ٱʼǣʦֽݣûü飬ҲҪͷʦˡ
ȥҼҰɡ

˽ţԶԶŵһζ
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ӣ
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26.   26    úȲͷ

ԼʵѧҲô
ܶ඼ԭģǡʱ򣬱
ʵƽʱһݺ
ͺñȣձأ֪
оԼǸе⵰
ԣڸ˽ʱҲͦҲͦλżƾż䷭顣
ǱƽʱԼһӲʱҪһЩ
ܴзԼֵĵ㡣
һá
֪ͺˡ
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һţͼ˫ֻСƺ«ЦӯӯλӣӸλ׼Ǽľƣǳ
ɿ˼ôУ޹»
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ҼľƣúȲͷ
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27.   27    ڰ塤ӱ

ȷǱ鱳ЩϾûƽʱôˡ
ڶ촲ʱѾ¯Ӹ֧ˡ
۾˼ЦЦ
߻Ǳߵʲôúö飬һӾָˡ
꣺
б䰡

ֻܱ߳緹߱飬¸˺üء
ֻڨڨذҲûͣһһĥŸղűݡ
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챾ҪʵģɿˣеæֱӸˡ
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µͷ
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28.   28    ţϢ

ٷԵúܺá
ʦǷıԼĶҲָһݡ
ʮˣһһڵǳԵü件֡
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Ժʱѧ棬ҪдͷԱֻԴļ̡
ϱָ˵ġ
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29.   29    ѧ

ŸһṦΡ
ͼ˫ʦˡ
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治볭ˡ
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˵ԼİҪš
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Ϊܶ飬ҵһ顣
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ⷨӵꡣ
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꣺
˲оѹɽѽ
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˽Ѿռˡ
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ֻŷ۱̡ڰɣͶʽʹá
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ʱһƣø١Ҳ
Ц绹Ÿһأϧû˼˵
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30.   30    

˽ſڣǡɿ
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31.   31    ǡƱ

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˵Ȼӣ˱˵

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32.   32    ˡĸ

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ͷµ
ЩͬͿ裬źӡӰӾеĲһ
ļ磬ŤͷЦЦоôвģȵҽݸơ




33.   33    ϡҽ

ﲻȥԼҽҪǮ
ȴţ˸ģʮƵģӲǸҽݡ
ܺҲʹôһν
ԭһ£붼¡
ʱԭŰ˾꣬һֻèԺӴϵһ裬˵ֵǮǻģУˡ
ҶӿݻһƬۿҲû
֪ĶܳһֻèϲϲèУɥƵġ
Ѿæһš
Խ׷èܵԽę̀ϣֱӴһ軨׷èѾͷӾһ
èץסˣֱ˰è
׷èʧѾͷһҲܲˣ˺üӣ˰и۾СѾͷΪСЩϾͷ˸գ˾ûˡ
ԭǸСһ˻иСܡ
ԭ顢ʶ֣СʲôöôҲ͵͵ֻϣҪ
Ǽ³ԭͯӰǸЦģ۾С
һֱԭռ壬ʱʱҲεǶοֶǵӡ
ܻڻֵʱ򣬻һתֻƤѪܵèȻ֡
Ǽ£ŷ֣ԭСʱҲǸĺӡ
Ϊðװּۣã˶߰˱ܱŵ£ֻɨ飬ʱ˶飬Ѿסˡ
ΪЩ״СϲҲԽŶ
үԽãԽǿϱԽˣԽǿ˿̣̿͵ĴεȵģյıδӰӡ
ǼºԭͻȻͱ䡰ˣҲ׸ǰա
ÿ˳ԣǷ
ҲΪˣȻѹȴѡ
ԣе㵣ģζ֣ģȥҽ
һﻹûʲô£ӱȽ飬ЩƤ֮⣬ûʲô¡
˿
ЦҾ˵ɣ
˵˵ѽҪиʲôôĸӲŸžۣҪ룬Ժô죿
˵ۿͺ
еˣ
æѽⲻǺúõ𣿡
ôһƳ̵ҩ긶Ǯĸȥҡ
ĸȥæҲȥæ
ȥ̡
ҵţСһˣͷȲ죬½ĶãȻȥԼȥ˵Ĵһ̳ӡ
ǸûҤģҤǸʡҤߵľ̳ӾǴǱ߶ģ갴˵ģʮһЩ
жҪ࣬һ۸ʮ֮࣡
꣺
ٰ
ƹڶҲ·ݲ͵ˣǼ
˵ڵʱһʵʵصͷеҪб̳ܸ𣿡
ƹһ̫õģǼȻװƣһ¿ŵľƷЩܸӦ
ʵ̳õġ
˿ʲô
ƿӵȣɫײ֣ÿġ
ƹȴ˵̳ˣΪɫûϺáͷĻҲе룬ԶԷҪⲻҵˣҪܽգǿԭ۸
ϸһƻƣ̲סһ£ƹǹǻ̳ӵĻưɡ
ƹһ⡣
˺ڣԵ𣿡
浱п
͸þջһһ֣ƹ۸Сء
ֲöԷҪû϶ˡ
ƹεЦЦӺͷȡֻ̳ӣεǻƸˣΪյõʱЩ覴ã۸ܻˡ
껹ˣϸ˺ü飬ŵûȥһҼƣҪǳɣվ͹
ƹ񣺡
ʲô

ʱʮӡ
ȥʱﻹʣʮ߻һ
Ϲ˲ٵĶԵõģƥ
ΪӵģѡΣһûУͺͺһˣһЩ˿ߡ
һõĶ̫࣬ҪҩԼš
˿Լţֵģȴסˡ
Ѷ˦ϣģ㶫һ㶼ء
أʵá
º޲ðҳʥ

ƽһֱһأ֮·
굹˵˽ﻹ²۹Ǹ磬ƫƫҪøɥʬûĩһ
ǣ˳˼ӿ첽ߡ
ûʱǻûǺҩũ˵ġ
Ϊԭȿɲй
ȴʮǰĸʵ۴ΪʡȻ˳ˣҲ˻ᷴԣԣССɵԱûиֵңƽڣܺߡ
ԣ㴫ôһأϲš
ʮȥˣǻﷴѾ伣ˣһ򣬾һ
ҲƽصΰͦãÿһʱһѲߡ
ǿ׳ģô¡
δ߹ôԶ·˰Ͼ۵
ϻŶҪѶϣȻҰϣ





34.  34-38   V1

ͣͣ, ˼Ѿһˡ
ƽţҲǳ˿һ뵽ԺҪϱסһ, ָоϺµġ
˫һ, ͸ˡ
ĥһ·Ŀ, һ˲ȫûϡ
µûɶ, غһĸ
˫ȥˮ, Ѷж, Ҳ
Ҽ򵥵˸ס
Ц̫, Ժһ˿ž, úúö飬ĸСھ
꣺
ͻȻоеˡ
˫õĲ˹غһ̫̫Ȳ衣
˸£ʶʹ뺰һ, Ҳ̫̫
ܿʶѾؼˡ
ͦͦ, һԱָ׳Ķ, ۿסֺ졣
ܶ뿪ؼ֮¡
Ψû, ܸһ

¼˫ɵЦվһ, ̧һ£, ȥ̫̫׼ˮһ·϶ˣϴϴǾܿˡ
˫һ, תͻȻֶסˡ
ͷֱؿµӣ̫̫˯ѽ
￩һ
Ťͷ, ǣҸ
һʱΪΣֹҡͷֱϷյСֹᵽСòĸס㷿£С°Ƕ˴һ䣬ĸһ䣬ʡ¡
˵꣬һ¶˲ͺ˵ꡣ
ɵСӣˣ
ëѽ
Ϊһӣúסһûϵڣ壬Ѫ
ֱռ˹
ԣˣʵ̫˯ϡ
ƴһ˯Ҳ
ﲻ֪࣬µģΪðסĶУмڷ絲û£̫鷳
ҪǷĻϺ˫סһҲɵġ
˵꣬˫
ͷƤһըʲô˫סһ𣬼ֲû䡣
¸͵ͷû˯ķ䡣
˵꣬ȥʰķˡ
æ˹ȥһ¾ָԼ̸Ǿߡ
걧̸һѾɶû˵סĶأ
һ̴һߵס鷿ɣﲻи𣿡
꣺
Ͳñ롣

걧Ŷת鷿
˽ôס鷿״ʲôˣ
ǵŲסһݡ
ҪһвţһӱȢ˻
㻹ǲˣ
˵ұͲǡ
һ룬ˣڻˣһ̸̵߰ϣһߵ磬ͱˣⶼһˣǾôˣ
һţһ˺Ժ
ʱ⻻ͰΪľǰԺ˵ʱ䳤Ͱˡ
룬һ˳ԹϳԵʱЩá

ºӰ̴мֱĨᡣ
ЦĸԺһˡ
øˡ
Сûˣ𣬾ߵСѾΪСæȣͽĸԽԽˮ顣
Ҽλүÿζ̲ס࿴ۡ
ϳޣĸؼңһΪСϣǾúÿôҲܰӰ˸£סˡ
ʵϸҪ£үԱС
֪Լȫң˵ˣԵŮһҲҡ
ϴü겻ʱ򣬷˼ү
ǶǾ׼ġ
ꡣ
ļλ˶˵Ժиˡ
ԸҲ͵͵˺Ӿ˼ңүϲҲںӵ϶ĸӺһЩ
ˣºӺӶû
˵ãֱĸӷ룬ߡ
ڣ뺢žˡ
˵±ʣµĶ˹ȥ
Ѿǰʼˡ
µ㵹˼Ƕѵ̸ֻǣ
һѣæл
ƽȵһĹȥ硢
ַ൱죡
һȻɣϱǸɰĦԺİɡ

²ǰʲôģֻ֪ؼôô˵˸˻
Ҹʮ𣿡
𣬻ûˡ
¼˵һ£ְѾ̳Ӹ˳ƹ˵ˣƿӾЩ覴ãԼ۸ŻݣҪҪҤ۸ǣҲ
̳ӿ˿ãˮ쿴
ÿø͸鶼ˣ˾
¾ϲġ
飬ֻͳˡ
˵̳ӵ£²ŵˣӵ£ܾôѽ
ؼϵ·񣬲̫Ϻ
ʹˣûãôģƫƫ֤֤Уһ˵⣬ҷظӵģܼһ䣬ҪˣүҪǨʱֳɲá
ɲֹôˣͷ˶š
ЩУޡ
ԣ˸ˡ
裬ԽԶԽá
˭֪߻û̸Ҿˡ
ⲻҲȥˡ
һꡣ
Ȼ˻ˣҸʱ䵽ūˡ
껹֪
һ±ƵûԺھûװѽ
ðɣһֱоԼġˡˡ
黹ȥٸһھڨڨ⼼иžˣʲôгѽ

һ춼ͷ
Żеʱ䣬ֶ
õƹ̫ʱüͷѳĵо۽ǵɨһӰ
͵̧ͷȥͼЩִٵŲƨɣСûɡ
ſ϶ûУⲻϰߣֱضͦë
ǣʲôʱģҲһȺܾ˰ɣ
ûУҾϲӡ
Сʱ˵
СˣԱ죬õѸŵϣ˼棬Ϣɣ˵ջҪȥ˽ӡ
ţ𣬴򿪸ӣ滹к桢ӣƺһЩҩеҩζ
ζд࣬˾һ
лҨһڣЦóԣҸպöˡ
һڣһڵֽסۿ
ǰѾٶ࣬ҲֻǼӵģûзݡ
͵͵ûлᡣ
ںˣ
񣬡ҪϲԺ㡣
ͷ
תһ룬ѾģûǮ
һ뵽Ǯһһۡ
ŶѽʮȥˣҪǾ̳ӶˣǼʮӡ
ޣ
üģΪĲóԣæǲ̫̫𣿻Щࡣ
ҡͷóԵģ
˵վҨһӵݵߡ
һʱסˡ
죡~

ιһ棬ֺۿ
һʱ֪˵ʲôˣƳˣԭۿǳ
ǸҲãҲãǻ
ҪǸ˵Ҳ
ᣬ˭ܵˡ
Լķ䣬ֱ˻飬ʱˣԺ˰¯Ӹա
Ҳͦɸֵļ̸ǽסݾˣƫƫҪȥ鷿ûôġ
ͷߣǡ鷿ͷ·Сǡ
һϸ׵İ
ü˵ˣ
ɲǣһңʲô¶˵ֻ˵֮
ʵûСģȻ϶һҪôʹȥʵؿȥˡ
¡ۡһֱӸˡ
ļ磬ˣҲ˵ңҸ˵ˣҲĲԼǴһһ죬֪ĻΪʮˡ
üһ
湻ġ
žú궼ܺߣ¿СԽüĿ
ʵҾðɣҪݸʮӦҲǸС
ͷǿɲ㿴ǳǶأ
մʱԭͦ۾⼷һ첻˵ͷͦ󣬸λС˵Ķӡ
˶ʮۿɼϵ˲٣°ͱ˫°͡
СȦϸƣʵúﻹ߰˷ơ
ԣԼ˫°ûˣ϶Ǹꡣ
ˣˣϽ˯ȥɡ
ֵ˸˵ˣλʦֹˣ˵ǽһ飬ͻ㡣
껹ûʲô顣
ն飬ûü徭ΪԵӰټҵݣЩء
ԣһʱҲûעʲô
Ǿ͸֪ˣڰ֣첻֪ˡ
Ҳǣ˻צӻȥ˯ȥˡ

ڶ죬˽ͷʦԺﱳ顣
ڰ壬д⡣
˵ǽ쿼ԵĿҲܳ߿ԣȥҰ߱ϿΡ
쿪ʼѾҰĿͼװģ߿Ǳ߿һΣǼѧϰ
ɨһڰ壬⿴ܳ
Ǳû⣬Ѱźó鿪ʼ
һƪ»û꣬ɿͬһλʦ˹Сʦܣɿʦ˵ܺãʦǶˣܸܲơ
е£û˵
һھҪ¡
ʲô±ˣ
ǰ쿼Ƿݾӣ˵д˵ڶƪõǡϯ
걾ҳݸдò̫ãʦֿ־ͳˡ
ǲãǸܿˡ
˵꣬䱦￴΢΢šü˵ôСôĿֵر˵š
ǡʱɿ˽ңʳ̨һţ꺰ϲԵ⣬ﻹ˴ͱͺӣһɵö飬ܳĶҶ˼ˡ
ãһġ
˵ֱ꣬
ɿԼλϣչ磬ôдòɣرá
ͷ˳䣬ѱӻ꣬ʦлл㣬ҿдõȷܺãҸʰ·磡
꣺

ȫ̶µġ
˽ӵĺܶˣֺԵϺţӴ
Ǽװļλʦ֡
ɿˡ
ˣ
ɿһ겻ڣľǰԾ˵·˱֮⣬ꡣ
ε£Ȼıʲǿ⣬͵ȷʵǿдһƪ
ǼװѧϰɼãϣһͨԡԵѧ
ɿҾã¶ĸġ
ԣһҪǿͦС
ûȢϱȴƶʮˡ
˽ӵص󣬵һοԣûܿ꣬Ұĸѹһͷû˵ʲô
ǵڶΣֱԷѹһͷ
һĸȻˣ¿Ϣʱȥ뿴¡
֪ĺ£ԾϵģҲû취
͵һˡ
ϵ飬Ӧһ顣
ɿ̬ȿе㡭
˼ҷôľǰʾûѽ
ͷҲ̧۾ճһʾʲôܲҲȥ¿ȻɣԵö⡣
Ϊֹ˷УԵ̺õ͡
ΪһоԼǺиġ
ۡ

ƵĻصԼλϣ͵͵üۣԷǰʾûУȻ鱳
ɿ˿ϵ飬꿴ɶ飬͸ſģһƷûУֻðѲӸ˻һ
걳ʮҳԺͬѧ½½ˡ
ûңȥͷȦ
ʱ򣬴ѾԼλ׼ˣҲûϻǿԣĿǺڰϵĴԼ⡣
˵ͳȥˡ
ɿһѣС̫˲ˣ
˵˸Ĵָ
˵ģͷȻҲнӣҵ඼ǹصģڰϵֱֽϵĲ֪˶٣ҲĸΧһȦŵãŵľ͵÷ſˡ
ʱ򻹿壬ٶˣӰ˳⡣
кڰͲһˣǰãҲԴļһˡ
ǸڸԵλϣ̧ͷ˳
ֱˡ
ԣڰĳ൱ɹ
곭ʱ򣬶ʦ˼䡣
ƽʱñȽϺõϲЩǡ

ǰ⼸һʴģԼ˲ʱ䡣
˺ѶҲûȥȳֽϵĽԼ˲ʱ䣬ԣܶͬѧ֮ǰѾǰˡ
˵ֹʱ䣬Ľʡ
ϲȥʱһһڰ壬һ⡣
½½Ľ
ʦ⵹ãҸоҵûŵȥ
ʡ˲ٵֽϳڰҲһһ飬Ϊֱ֣д̫˳֣ٶȲ̫졣
ʦֵˣ˱˻ˣһԾ߰˰֣еǧ֣һϲܳݣ˳һ⣬һ˶֣㻹Թ
ʦ֣аɣʵҸıԹ
ȷʵǣϳ˸ҰϿ֮⣬Լһʱ飬ղ۱ʳӣϵҲˡ
Ѿӽ۱ʻζ̱𣿡
ʦֵУû˵Ǵҳҷɵ
һͷˣŵ͵ȷģй̶۳á

ϾͰѾӸˡ
ҲԲ˾ڽж飬ʲôĵǿҲڼ
걳Ű߳ңƮ˴ƬƬѩ
Ժ¯ӻţæߡ
ɿĽкʦܣȻᣬȻᣬҽǱʦֽġļպÿˡ
˵꣬һܵǰ
ܵüɤŴֽȫȫģ˽ӵѧˡ
ļġ
ѧͷһͷǡƾʲô
ǣˢˢؽĿ䵽ϡ
üһϲָо
ԭҲϲһԭһ¸غϵһˡ
ʱԭ߰꣬߰ĺӶǵġ
شӺҵļλȥҵĺ԰棬شҪȥץ㣬󱻴˷ʱһȺȫìͷ
걻ݺݵؽѵһ١
˿̣ɿ˫ЦۣĪ;òϲ
ܶᣬ͵͵黹ɿƫƫҪڷѧʱ
һɤ׷˳ֵ˾֪
鲢Ǽ˵¡
ɴ˿̱ôһ껹ܵ˺üѺõĿ⡣
Ͳòٶһ£ǰԼֹʳ۹εʦˡ
ҲڼңҼ˵ʦҼҽˣ뾹ȻⱾʦǰô˵ѽҪ˵ҵʱͽˣҲ鷳һˡ

ҲС˻һ
Χͬѧ
ɿ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ȼᵽһ硣
˵ΧѧĿƵϡ
Žñѩʪˣŵ˵ʦְңһûüʦȶΪˡ
ʦ־ôʲôջ񣿡
Сӣѧ½ӵ¼ƹ
˵˽ӵѧǶûľˡ
ɿͷһһϼģ˿Ŀ˼֡
ɿһʱʵƿԡ
һŵҲ˵ʦ֪ܿˡ
⼸հ鳭һݳʱڰ༶ﴫǲСİʦֵŪˡ
˵̲꣬סһⷨӺá
ʦܻʦܣյĺڰӡ
ʦһ˳Ҳ԰æġ
ллλʦ֣ҿÿ쳭ݣȿţӦö̫żɡ
˵ͷżż

ʹ˵Цĳš
ſڣĶ£˳Աߵϲ񣬡ʦ֡ʦ֣˽ӻڼ飿
ϲĶУˡ
ҪȥʦܼɣϲǼҵζġ
ϲ²ۣǼҵľưɣ
ڣ˰˵ζ治ƽʱȵľƻЩһģŨЩ
ɿվһԣĬһᱳŰԶ뿪ˡ
ͷߣԽȺɨһۣԳعǡ
С˵ͷˡ

ɿղź²ֹѧˡ
١Ҳˡ
ʦŹЦʦƽʱЦܺ˵ӣǳһ۾Ϳʦ߲ơ
ʦܲڣʦ¿ξ˵ʦܵджãһ磬˵ȥʦҪ¿ˡ
Ϳɣ˻ģֻǺ˵ƽֲɵӡ
ʦֵ͵ʴװ
˷۱
һ䣬һţͼ١Це˹ѾںˣСҲ˰ɡ
彫õֿһ飬Цûʲôˡ
ʦӣҲûˡ

ŵԼſڣͼһͣͷ
;Ǻͨơ
˲࣬Ϳе
⼸δس߻Ũĸдͱ˵ĳ󣬻һкʵģǵϣߵĴͳţ⳵ⲻ
ĥԼҪҪ
ţҲѽû¿Ҳõˡ
ԣͷϸоһ濴ʱ㱻һš
꣺
ʹƢҲ

һ߲ϵһֹŽţӰԶԶ£Ц߹ӻˡ
˵žӭ
ܿƹҲ鷿˳ǰ̫ˣ߹ӿˡ
һˣ̲סˣҪˣ֪ǮˮǮˡ
һ⣬Ȼˡ
ҪˣټϴԼҵľͼԼҵѾˡ
ԣĽҪҶݡĻ
۸񶼺ȻҪµ£̣ԼõģҲ˸ģ廨š
еͨ黭ϵϵģҲеֱ󻭡
϶Ǹܱߵġ
һ㣬ٵ
ÿʮһˣͲˡ
ݰͰ͵ƹ񣬾зһԴԪֹһᣬסˡ
⼸һͻġ
Ҫ󣬻ϲöһ
ԣû⣬ֻȼͻǵҪٶʡ
ԼҵȫϹèƵӡ
Ƿ磬ô˵أҲã˼ָҪ硢ҪȻǴȵɽͼˡ
ڣ⼸겻ͬˡ
ƹһҪҲ֣ﵹҴظģȥ
£ڣ
ƹͷʲôÿ죬ãָһͰҸ㶨ˡ
ƹ֪ϿΣģŰãµ
Ĭһ绹ҪʦһѧϰĻǿǵ
ƹһ˼Ҳǲɡ
ǣֱӰѿͻķʵЩǷ׵ģĻԭ
>_<
꿴һֹӵ㲻õԺǿͻֱ쵽
Ŀ꣬ǳҪһӰ
ƹ񣺡
аɣǳˡ

سǣϿ쳵һò˶೤ʱ䡣
ƹһͼſڳſ⿴
߹ȥЦʲôأ
ղ˵򻭵ģһ߹ӡ
ͷ˳˳ըܲӣȴƿ֣ÿӼһι
æͰӵˡ
ִ΢̵ӣɿڣһͣ
Եÿģŵϴ̫̫ǶһҲ˵һλ߹ӻģⲻû飬ʶ𣿡
һ˳ȫ磬үǴ߹ϵõġ
°ãʱ̫ˣ񲻴ˣټʱ̫ţϲ
Ծʵʵ˵ˣ˼ڼ塣
ʱү˵λ߹Ҳ֪Ǹʲôͷˣ⻭ڴʦķɡ
ؼֵⲻƽʱҲڴʦĻʦ඼ƣδƣλճ߹ӵԽĸоˡ
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˵ˡ
ֱţðʲô
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ҲգҲʶĶ֣ҵﱲ˵ˣ˼ҾϱǸӿ϶Ҳİɡ
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룬ˮ͵ǰԺ
Ӻ˫ѾӸϴˣ͵ӷŵȥ
꣺
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ӵְ˵ģˮҲȥ˫Ļֵ󹦸ɣ
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֣ǿ̫ˣҾϲӡ
Ӽɵֵӣ̲סִȤ˼䣬ȥԺԷˡ

ù緹׼һȥͷףͼƹ˽
ﱧһֽ
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ٶҲ̫Щɡ
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̫̫үھ˴뱲ӣԾкǳϲ
ҲڴʦĻչž
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35.  39-41   +ɽ+¹ɽʫ

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׻˵Ĺۡ
˿ŵζүͶ˼
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ŨŨľǰԺҪ࣬ĵǱеĻҪúȡ

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鷿Ҳˣ˵Ѿ̸ˣȶһ̳ľƣÿ̳ҲٽǼҵĴ֮һ
Ϊڻû̳ӣүȻȥˣĿǰ˶ɵĶ
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Ҳѧˣһƪ̧ͷ飬ôһǲ鹤
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굽˽ſڣǡɿˣµĸ˸к˵ȥҶ˼ٽľƣǿ̫ˣӳɱû˰ɡ
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Ϊǳһƪһţʦһߣʦ½½ÿһſô˻ഫϿ֮ǰǰѾƪ¸ˡ
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˽ӣѾӾܣϲ㼱ʲôֲԶ
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λϲıɡ
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ҲˣԼҲչԼҵĻ
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&gt;_&lt;




36.  42-44   Ͳ++úѧϰ

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СسǣһʦϵĶûУǵλλĿǰѾȥˣ˼Ҳ÷ɵġ
÷ɵĹӾھ̾ڽһһĿǰ˵ĵ÷ɣΪ˵ԭɵĻλ֮䵹ǸС
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λѧľɵĻҲСģʱݿ˺һᡣ
һһġ
ֱ˵ʮ꣬Է˲䡭
ĵ˵ۼүʮߵٳү߹Ӻϰȥϲơ
ǻȥʱ˴˾ơ
үȻԼٽ
ҪԼҹԼҵƣ⻹üļλֵܺͳͶƱͨ
ҲΪʲôЩҵľȻĲ࣬ȴһֱʢ˥ԭ
Ϊʲô鶼һ˾ġ
ǡɣͺҪһλͻ֮õꡣ
үΪԼ˱ض⡣
˫һļϣȥμʮߺүӵʮ١
ǳںͺ߽ҲҪŹģֻҲҪ³μԣѧץر
Ϊ˼ĺиǰ̣үһλϾڿΡ
ĵƹ˵߹Ҳ³߹ԸĻʵԹ꣬Ǽסʱ䣬һǿܺߵۻҲѧΣ游λʮ˾ˣϧʱͬʱյĸȥϢ
ԣģٲμӴǡ
ˣΪľչˡϸס
ǵĸѧʮ飬ǰϸȥˣҲڽ˽ʿŷѻ磬ⲻТδͱүӸ뵽˼
ԵĳɼǽǰģĳɼȥμӴҲԲڻ¡
ԣĲѧнѧ鶼ǿġ
Ļֱһ컯
Ķѡ
Ҳ֪ðȻȥ˼Ҽѧʵǡ
һͷүӵǿ϶ǻȥμӵġ
˵ţƹȻˡ
ҺҶˣ˫Ҳʶ
һ棬ıЦҲȥƣε׶ʲô
ۿٻ꼸ģҶȴ㻭졣
ʵ֪ҵ׶ʲô
쵽鷿̵鰸ϣ¹ֽ߲Ŵȫˡ
겻óɽˮǲġ
Ҫȡ䳤̣Ϊԣѡľǡ־Ⱦ
ȫĻһ˴ӣɫĻľĵװͦġ
ԶɽˮƮаֺƲ֣ȴһƬϼȾɺɫĲּ֣ż̵Ҷӡ
ӳ뱻紵ĺˮУκС۽໥ӳԶ

ĿĿɿڴ
һŵˣ
ԭΪǷ족Ѿˡ
رʺϸ˺٣ɴ˿̿ס˿
Ҳû뵽ܻ
˵ȡ֮ʵƫɣĲɫʴңҪḻֲ÷ɵĺغɵĽ
ԱߵС֡ɫõǡô
˳СЩʵʲôë
ֵĺ죬Լģ滹һЩӨĭۡ
ĹǿЩԶԶܿģϰѵˣҲ͸һЩ
ƹ񣺡
ޣǰôû֣ôܸɡ

ܻϲذѻˡ
۸еĻҪһЩ˶
˼ֻǸζСˡ
ͨһ󡢶󣬶
ѹûôԶʵʵڵ㹻ˡ
֤ʱû׷ѡ
ƽش˰˾ˣøϽϻȥ
ʱ˶Է̳Ӿơ
߹ӣʲô飬ϵ
ͷʲô£԰͵ƹǶ
һƹЦŵ˵ͷϳ뿪ˡ
ŵ֪Ҳȸգ
ߣǺǰ滭ļªˣ
ʵߵ粢ÿͷǲĺɫǳǳ˵жá
θв̫ó
һͣƽ˲١
үǱߵľѾװˣʽ£Ҳ뿪ˡ
˿
ǰҪ¶ˡ
֪ƹ߹ӣҸղƼ׼
ΪɫһûƿۣһֱӰѻˡ
ڶչʾĻᶼûУ
죬ã
ƹüʣǷȥӰɡ
ѧϰæֲȱǮû͹
⻭۸ߡ
ǰͻģϲͬÿλ棬һۿܹԼ棬ϻûﵽ⴦Ч
ˣ⡢ӰһӣҾͳˡ
ԣһӣҲʱġ
ƹ񿴵ʱ˺һᡣ
ҪҪ
ƹͷҪ
ٲҪûˣ

ƹʱƹ֮ǰúѧϰ
ƹˣ
ҷǰѾȥˣҲ˵ǽƸһ䡣
Ҳѻˣʱúѧϰϣ

ƹ˸˻ȥ
ͼŸëȦЦԣϲʣ
첽ǰȥ˳ƾ͸ˣһֻҲȥ
Сոպá
ֻͷܱС¯
⼸ռϴƤӡɹƤӣæ˼죬Ȼ˸Ͳ
ͷůůġ
һ뵽ƤӲ࣬ĸôһ֣ÿҲôһ㡣
Ͳ
ǿ绹𣿡
ûش𣬷Եʱ䣬ֲôºͼ£ҸЩ㶼õϵġ
ϥ
һ˫Ь棬ʱЬ棬ůֲΥ档
ԣֵǼСƤӾôûˡ
걻˵ñͷᣬֱ㽫סˣϡߴһ£пã
ĺ鱦
ﱻôһ£Ū࣬Цƿˣ
˵˵ֿ
ĸܣ§һᣬ˫ӣͷ
үɹӣҪΪ̫̫
Ȼݾˣ
ԣҲǰӣ̡
˫ӦʵͶء

˭ʶ𣿡
˫ҡͷûǴġ
޼ҵĿҪ߼ˡ
ţһ۾ƼϹŸԡ֣ԱվһϤӰ˫һۣŤͷСӣعӳˣ
δ䣬Թƿ
һװΪ⼸ղ¹ѩԹȻװͷһϮƤܳرůͣС˵ƻ
Թӽôˣ
ԹҾ֪϶ǰǰͷ㶨¸ˡ
ʲô£ȻǰʱԼʱԹȥμʫᡣ
ǵµʮ
궿ӣ
ߣ
ղŻƹ˵Ҫúѧϰˣ
ôͱˡ
ԹûУҽȥĸסһһȥ
갵˿
ԹģԷ˵ҪȥңŶûϳˡ
ʱͼ¿ӰԱߣЦЦԹˣȥμʫ᣿
ͷ
Ĭһ㣬˵𣿡
£ˣ
ô㡣
꣺




37.  45-47   ʫ

ڶʱ, ͼҲʰ׵ˡ
˳һʣҲҪǡ
˫ǿģ˵, ҪȥسǶ, ǶȥǼʶʶ
꣺
ΪԼҺ԰զΡ
Сô, Ҳ˼Է
ֻ, ǿľͺá
Լʱ, ͻȻһ, Թ˵˵, Ǵ˳糵ȥ
һѾ̫ðɡ
ʲôõ, ˭Լû
⻰ͲˣӲǻԣ
û㲻ˣҪʲôгѽ
һԵ꣬, ҪǲĻȥҲС
δԼҵĳӾ͵ſڡ
Թ, Ϊ˵Ĵҡǰ
ӾӵŴ۾ϷСŮһ
һɩӡ
Ŀ䵽ʱ, ֪ο, 
Թֺһĸ
˫ѹ, °׼ľƵݸЦԹӶǼҰչˣûʲôö, ԼľƣӳΡ
ԹﾪԼģ
˵ʱ򣬲ɵĿһ, ̲סû뵽߹ӲֹĺãҲá
͵Ŀ³˳ǡ
εֱ, ˣˣġ
˵ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
žƿӣŵʲôζ

걻ͱΣû˼ҪԼҵ˳糵
Թһ˴룬ƺŶ˳һ£ǷҪǣҪҪһ
ǾͶлԹˡ
˵꣬˻˳
ԼҵСŮһоѹЩġ
ǣѧѧôݳԺԼҲһͷˡ
һ·ϱ紵ֱӣ˵Ͷˡ
Ҳ·̫Զ
Сʱͽ˳ǣ˽˳Ǿ³ˡ
ֱʱһɰ
ӣʲôֻ򣬱ʦǿˡ
֮㣬ʣֻҪ㲻ΣεľǱˣ
ֱƵġ
ĩ˰ѳʱҲ˶࣬һ¡
ͷ˶һáơ
Ҳ֪ﴫģ˵ʲô޾Ʋʫ
޾Ʋ£
ҲʹãЧ¡
ʵϣ˾ܲ˼Ȫӿ֮٣󲿷һȾز
ˣ߰Ļͻͻ
ƺ֣ʧͳĴڡ
ؼԴ˾ƣȻɿûô˽˽ӵѧżȥ
λʦ֣ԴӺȹ͸١ľƣʱʱ
ǰ껹Σʵںȵ̫࣬ÿֲ˼ڵʱԾϿεʱ
¸ƵĶ۲µĶˣֻҪйģ˶ܺȵ
žƣ˳
Թƣ
ͷ˼᲻鷳
Ͼ˼Ǹŵʫᣬȥƣеʱˡ
ԹʲôһᵽҰ㡣
˫һæ˹֣лʦ֣
ʲôʵﵹи˵һ
ĻɵģֱɸϸһЩ뷨ҲɵĴ󵨡
˵ӽڴʦҲԼɫ
ԼԼѧԴ֪нύʣɷ⵽ѧڿΡ
һѮһڿӣ
ĻȻǺãҴ³
ڲûôеҪ׬Ǯˣص㡣
ԹȻǾڴԺʫ߹Ӷཻˣ
꣺
Ϊƣÿ¶ȥǲ̫ҪЩ

ʫĶǱصӡ
ͷһԹٲȻһСࡣ
һɨ˲࣬ռ֮ôһ굹ûôִˡ
ԹҽܣλǷ̤࡯Ļʦ߹ӡ
˵ǽһָ
귢֣һǽϣ˲ٵƷ
Ƿ̤ࡱȻУԱҲ˼ͼ
ʲô㣬ɽˮĻһһǽǹŲͬ鷨Ʒ
áС
ԣʫּ黭
Թﻰһ䣬ˢˢض˹
ǰ׼ȷ˴ԹĿе֪λˣɿƻզࡣ
걻ЩͷƤ飬̧Ҽ
ֻδ£ͼһϤӰ첽ǰסֵ߹ӣǺɣּأзæָָ㡣
걻ץе¡
ԱߵԹֻˣ
껹Щӡġ
ϴ޼ҵӼ
ƹ񲻿ĻɻŷŲߡ
ƹֻȥ˿Ļ
˵ܻǰһҲա
ŵʱû˵꣬Żתˡ
ϣվˡ
ŵȻô㣬׬Ͷˡ
˵žͰԼĻ̵ϣкһﻭúõʦ֡ʦǣҲָָ㣬бʦ

šü
ŻһŮͼ
ŮӴŶƵĴһ˫ЬЬԱһֻѩ׵Сè
ʯһˡèȻĹһ
ֻһۣ֪ⲻǻŻġ
ʡɵķΧ
ʹûĴ󲿷ֶɵķ
Ůͼ绨ܻӭ
ȴá
ղɨһǽϵĻһԱȣʫõóֵġ
ԱһƣԼ׭ӡи֡
ȻҲϸЩ
ŵ߹Ӿ⻭Σȥ̣ӣ
˻ãɼ仭ʦļ빦ףŮӵӹչֵ쾡£űߵСèΪ˲ȤζǱĵ㾦֮ʣþƽͣෳա
˵꣬ͻȻЦ
ƼûƼûˣǱԹϵĻʦʦ֪˼ָ㽭ɽǿЦ
ԭŻһ˼ģһֱӺԹ
׷ˣһϷӡ
ĿˣҪڣͼ̧ЦᶼҪĻţǱϴڻƹҵĻܾһ֮𣿡
ЩרӪѿƽľʱ䣬úоѧʣЩʦǶǵ²ż汸֮ˣѧֻҪ̣ԴҲڻûҪˡ
ЦȻֹס
뷴ͱ˵Ļֲᡣ
һ͵ͨ죬֨֨Ѫˣ
òس֣û£Ҿȥˡ
˵̧žߡ
ǿˡ
հҲԼˡ
ʫĻԱŶ̫Ƶ
Ҳԣͯǣһš֮У˼ҿ˳Ϊˣ㣬ҲǸ
žǹԱͨյˡ
Ҫ⣬߹ӣʦǰ˾ˣҲڣҴȥʦֵѧʶҸ̵ְֽġ
л
յлʲôһ½֮£߹ӻҵ
ôС𣿡
ӲʹĨ֮⣬һʲô˵ĳ𵱳͸ˡ
ԣܸλôƽ͵ģ˵֮ûʲô
ֻнԱĹϵ
һ̲סˣ˸Ĵָ

һߣը˹
ûƳСӵͦ
Ҳ˵֣

ôһ֮ˣһ˶
֪СһֱӰѻžžžġ
ʵ꣬һֲ׽ҲųĸоϾԷմģʫҲԼǣͷġ
ʽǳأԴ˸ŵġ
ÿ껹ڶʫУѡʮϺõģԼҳǮҽ
ԼҰг۸Ǯ⻭ԺԼóȥûϵɿμʫᡣ
֪ԴĻ³
СϢƣԼҽͳȥļҲƷ
һʶİ˾֡
ôһǿľ֣˭ﲻš
һСɱϣǰʮ׬Ǯģˣ˭
ǣһ͵꣬ȻǿϷ̬
ʵû뵽꿴źߴģһھͰѻŸˡ
شʱһ˵ͻŵ¡
һ̲סüˣ
ѽԴġ
ƼûǷ̤Ļ
˵ְ꣬ѻղŵĽһ£ĩ˼һ䣬ѽմȥȥˡ
Դ˵Ĺŵӡ
˻ϧã˸ףԴ˺ͽ궼Žүүһġ
˻һ˾ˣãڿ˷纮Ӵһغ
Դ˱ѽԽ̵Թ׶һ
˵ҲɣԹӺͽȥֳͬľӡ
ζǰȻ˱ʡһμѻ
Ҷ֪÷ƫƫһ飬˵մֱ꣬ĥ
ش磬Ҳȥλ˵е߹ӵǺηʥ
شסôֲ˵
ԱߵļλŹԣعӹȥƣϾǶӵܣݱǸϲ١
˵ͷȣشȥˡ
˽ڵķ䣬պðԼıʼǱ˳ʦЩ󶮣ܰҿ𣿡
źؼֵܾЩ죬￩һ¡
ꣿ

ΪԾе
˺Լ֣ʶıŤͷ˹
˫һۡ
һ첽ǰ㣿
ƲƲ죬ϴؼſڣʶܼܲװҲʶ
Ĭ룬λʦϴ˰ɡ

شһѣϴˣλʦҼһλԶݳЩ񡣡
ȻҴ
ˣʲô

겻ʶˣձֱӸ
ȻǴ˵е߹ӡ
֪߹еߣǣ
ѻſھеߡ
׵£һҲȤ
飬ŤͷԽʦ鷳ˡ
鷳ǶõѣȻҲҵѡ
궼˼ʵĽ
С͸ԴѧϰԴ˴ӵطٴӾطΪٵʮ겻֪˶ٵط
ѧʶǼʶһȡ
ﶼֵһᡣ
ô˰ʱֱԹӹ˵ʦܣǱߵĻѾλƹˣǹȥһơ
ͣЩδЦһʫǻʱ䡣
걻һ˵ס˶䣬æЦսʦΪҽЩ⣬Ѿܸмˣһ鷳ʦѽ
ʦܿˣʦܲҸʦƼ飬ʦʱԶ࿴
ͷһǰߣһġ
ջǲٵġ
˽ӵʱ򣬾˱١ǿЩ١ʹ󣬼ʶ࣬ʵǲµġ
ڱôһ;֮Ĳˡ
žһʮ֮Ĳࡣ
һǺ֮ľ롭
죡

˵ǰЦӭԹӵĸ첲磬²ǻ˵ڼ
Ļ
˶䣬ԹӵôģӦýǰʮ˰ɡ
յͷ̫ͳˡ
ЦҲµ
ΪģǰƼĻԽˡ
һˣš
Ǳһ˾֪Ĺɡ
ڵʮʫ棬Ҿ̫õһЩŵģǶԴҵĹǸõĶ顣
ġ塢ԹƽһЩҲֻԡ
հһۣô֪
΢΢һЦ
ȴ֪ЩһͨһɤۣǵĽǶ٣
±ӣߺߵǻˣͲҪ뽱ˣ
꣺

һǷ˵
ʮӡ
һѾؿһϲ̵գˣȻЦôġ
֪⻭ģļʦܼͣȡ´ýǰ
ͷлʦ֣һ͵ģ
佱󣬾Ǹʫڣѡʮġ
յô룬дʲôʫ𣿡
ҡͷûҪμӡ
ռʫҪдĺãҲнġ
黭ʮһʮÿһķı
ʫܱѡϣֹѡѧʫļܻѽһĽֻҪе飬㶼ԽģҲҪκѺ
Ȼ˻ˣǻҪԼǮġ
һ˼ҡͷܾˣ⽱˵Щߡ
Ҳ٣ԣǳԼʫòˡ
겻ÿɷ񣬡ѧϰģһϸµģʫĺòã뽫ܷ볯ΪٲûʲôȻϵ
ղǻ˵ҿЩ̫ˡ
Ҫ³ʫһỹָҪôء
οʫȷдòô
ȻϲĿƳɼҲȽϺãһȺСѧɣ˱Ƚϣǻ˰ɡ
˼ҼӵŬƾʲôһԽߡ
Ǵⲻ³ֻվԱΧһᡣ
ܴӱеõȡһЩ飬ԷԺ

ʱ䲻ˣպͽǸ
յ㡣
ˣĸҲԶ߾͹ȥˣ˳ѽʦƼҵһ¡
յպҲ顣
꣺
˸յԺͼش˴Ӷ¥ˣպһ۾ˣ첽ǰôҪߣ
ͦͺõģʶŲŲõһ
ǰ΢΢һʲôʲôҪæ𣿡
ղ㵱ۣȥ顣
ǸպҲҪ飬һɡ
ü߶úˣתߡ
ƤֱӾ׷
һʽ̲סһ֣ͷһͷѽ




38.  48-50   ҪǮ++̳

˺, ʱʱ꼸䡣
ʵͼʱ껹ûڣ̲סǺ, ǹٸأ黧أ
ЦҾǾ߹һ׳ú, ͦơ
պǺ, 

ƹս, ӭ, ôˣ
꣺
ȻԼҵġ
ȻǮ, һŶԼҵĲҵ
>_<
յѹ򼸱顣
ƹȥ, ȴǰ㲻, ȥģȥĶ
һβ̲ͣסض˼˵Ҫһֱʲô, Ѳ㻹Դȥ飿
æ⵹ǣֻб, ûҵ, ֪ƹ𣿡
ƹ뽲
˸, ƹһѰ˼ûС
Ϊϧ´ȥҡ
ն, ſھǰĹ±ΪһСسǵ, ʳһҪʲôʲô
ҲûǮ
նӡֱֱ½
޲һưĵǽϿٲ
ҡͷ֮ʣתȥ, ǣͷղˡ

ѽƼļ鶼˳ѡļ, ǽ괺ʱԵ£
ƼڻһеͷƤ飬ϴҲ鶼֣ͦϼҲһһء
ЩͳɰǮ
еԥҪҪȫϡ
ЦǹϵôˣһƹЩ
лƹյϣЩҲҪ߰ӡ
һŸӡ
ʵڲ˼Ҫˡ
˼õٷŻȥ
һɵûӾ̲סˣ߹ӽûʵֻҪǮǾ͹ˡ
üҪҪҪͻ
һҭ
ȻǸ
ֱֵ֣ĸ˸ޡ
һ͵ͨ졣
ŵϣƹͻȥȡǮ
˵꣬תߡ
ձ׷˳ȥٶȿ죬ܵЩ԰ֱϢ㼱ʲôţ´ٸҲһġ
ôһǷ˵ӣܸоﲻ
ڼ黹ġ
ȷʵͷ󣬹ֲö˼ǧһġ
˵һȥҡ

Ѿﶨѣ˵ҪӼԣ̵˸¶ʮǻȥʱպϣиҾǶģ˫һԺţȻסûԶµĴǡ
ԷԼʱ䡣
ȥʱΧ¯ڳ㣬һ滹һȦױ
Ů˴ΧһȦ
һɨӻڡ
ĸˢˢվԹ𣿡
Ȼȥˣûͱһ¡
±ͱһҭȴƨûŲѣ̧ͷôͻˣԹﲻ˵Ǹʫỹܷ𣿡
ĸ⻰˵еǷס
ͷŮһۣȥ㵹ЩˮϴϴǺһԣɩģ˵ϲˡ
ͷˮһݣŻعζæǣǣһҪԷģҪӵġ
ˣ

˵һ߰ӵ顣
һʱе㲻֪˵ʲôźá
һʲ֪мոģƲƲ죬ϵͻͽѽ
û취ܵøӵġ
˼Ҳǲҵģ˿мֵĶ
±ҭֱۡ
аɣǮ
꽫˸ˡ
ϳŵҲûԶʱ㰡
ôҪŤͷϽߣ֪ץĵȥøӣ㲻ҪǳӺǺ«𣿡
ĻǸ㡣
ƨɲһ۵ӹȥ
˵̧ƨ׷˳ȥ

֪ûԷ۵ԼԲˡ
ֻԼٳԵ㣬һЩ
ĸ׼ĸأһ붼ˣͷǻǼһԣͱˡ
ĸо֮˵ʲôﶼ
극ӻ˫ȥϴʰĸǰʰ
˳ǵϡ
ĸְֽŮ档
ӲͷƤһԼסϾͺá
òװˣСѽҾƢøĸġ
Ƣ̫֮⣬̬Ҳԡ
ɣһӵҲһһ꣬üﶼԼˣ򻹲Цȥ
Ҫ⺢ƢòƽϣоŮҪݻ
ޣ֪ôˡ
Ŵ

˸Сëͷ
һǮǽˡ
յлģһȦˣһʲ֪ող׷ȥ󣬸û
Ųһᣬ˶ˣûʲô˼Իʫȥˡ
ƹһ߸飬һ߰ԣضӣǡ
һѾѽ
ͷһͻ
ʫᣬҲǺΪض
ʱ͹ֱŤġ
ǣ̽Եʣ˵̫үҲأλعӿò̸¶Ҳ棬Ǽʲôϵ
̫үҵĶӣ
ƹ˵̲꣬סһʲô̸£ޣ
ôǸɫ
ÿμվ͸͹Ƶģ֪뽭÷ֻյͣ˳ˣؼλ̫̫ȴš
ƹһ׵ģȻŽҡ
һϣҧгݣҲ̻˼ҵŮ̳ܽûûƤĶ
꣺
Ը£һİԡ
ԭӣڱһֱǲڵģ
ôһƺҲؼҼλճĹӶĶѧΨһС˽
ԼĹٻ˼ңүйģҲ֪ؼһһλӡ
뵽ˣζӳ£˵Ǽٵġ
ٴģĴߵСø£һԿ
꿴˿ӣĬһµȻᣬձã
ͷʵûϰɽ֮⣬Ӧܺһףң
ƹ˱ǧġ
СӶˡ־ѧѧ͸ûˡ
ϲĳ

˻صң򸸺¸ɱˣЦкһСӿǳϢˣȻȥμʫˡ
ҲǶˣ֪ʫ˾֮⣬һͯûʸȥģôһСҲȥˡ
˵žļúѧǾͿˡ
ɱˣ绹û𣿡
˳˷ߵġ
ҵǣص죬ðһ㻹ҵǴ죬ž͵ˡ
˵Сɩû𣿡
ҡͷĬһ˵ǱѾʼˡ
꣺
εʵ²ǣȥ
һֱƲңֻͷˣ³գԷ˺顣
Ըȥһˡ
ԷִҪģ˵Ҳԣꡣ
ǣڶһˡ
ͷƤ飬ô죿
ҵģȻ
ҪѺӵ£һδźŵʱͻˡ
Ťͷһ۸ͷߵģ̾˿
̯һõ⺢̯һ

пһᣬӹǳԷӼվһֹЦôǣż첻ѽҪô𣿡
꺰һɩӡ
˵Ҫˣڵһ¾վ
̲סˣȤʲôûģ
ڵһ¾ͺĥĥߴߴߡ
Ů˺ͺӶùˣʣˡ
껹ͷһͬԷЩִ١
ƺ󣬻Ͷ
ͷŲӡ
˵Ǹġ
ͷѿò÷ƣĸӣﶼûַƵĺá
һ񺮡
ĶһֻùԹԵر졣
߻ģȻ۾̫ˣʱڼûµʱ˫㶫
ΪˣǱǰһЩ
ԣʽġ
һ±ƣԭļЩʻ㣬ҲУʵʵûӴһ߷һǶǲġ
͸ԵĵЩ鱳ɱ֮ϸĶϰôһ±ơ
ѹѧԣｲ꣬ûʲôʡ
ĸôһ£ǰʱͲѧЩڿɱȲǸʱֻǸ㶫˺ӣӵСѶԸֲŷġ
òչȥ
˭ôӰ
ŲҪӡ
תһ룬ֲѧᣬԭԭǷȱһ֣
ԣ±ƵȻˡ
ȻᣬĸԽ򵥵ķϣȰӸúãټ򵥷쵽һ
ΪⶫǴڽϵģҲҪж๤ֻҪѽŲܾͳɡ
˿
ȥĸιȥָһ£ҧⲼѵҪǮѽôһãһ鲼û
˵Ǿ׬ЩǮ
Щ಻ѽҲÿ׬ôࡣ
ӾͲ֪ڼ
ĸһĹºü£Щ۵û£û£ûĵطǿԸСȥ˽ӵʱСʲôҲ㡣
ĸһۣѧŵ
£

극Ҹһᡣ
ҪѧϰôǱ߻סϰ߲ϰߡ
һЩĹ
ĵͦͶȥתһȦС»һ˫ӡ
еܳļٵģ
ѽ
˽ӵʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ССϱ
ϱǳıȽ
װмʦҲˣ˼ҴϱѣϱӣЬӺԷʳͷӶϱġ
ʱʦǻȽԼϱգ˭ĺã˭ͼÿ
˰Ŀ䵽ʱ
ϸɰͰ͵ģҲʱˡ
ӣ
>_<
Ȼģɩ׿ڸ˵ġ
ȥơ
˵žվһ򸸻ڣְƨɸϡ
򸸻ӻ֣ˣҪ߾ߣôء
˵꣬һڸˣ顣
ȥˡ
ʱŲβأϷһֻѾõӡ
ƣֵǸӿеЬ
±鲻á
Ӱ첻֪˶ٴΡ
տʼĸʱһ룬ﲻǾÿˣǾխˣҪô;ŲػһӲΡ
ٺõƢҲĥûˣֲ˼
ӲͷƤĸע·˰ֻĸˣת뿪Ҳųȥˡ
˵ʵЬӵӣṩʽ˵죬ӿڴߣĻ١
ٶѽһ˫ӵ÷üߡ
һߣ¾Լһһ鲼ֻҪһ߾һֻӡ
ֻЩ˷ѲĴˡ
dissҲӷĲã̲סϡ
˵žͰϡ
껹죬˿㣬ȷһ˫
˭ϴֻʽһ
оԼҲûǿ֢Ҳ̫ˡ
ʱʱѽ࣬ʽһʱ֡
һڣְӸҪ
Ǻĵ¿ηΣ

ֹ˼ĳţֻһ±ơ
Ժһ
磬ԺûȥǾ̳Ӻû
ϴ̳ӣ⺢ӿɺãûȥ̳Ӳֹɴֲڻ©ˮҲ֪øƷƣȻȫ
ȥﻻʱȥ˴̣˾̳ӡ
ƹ˵ӱӵԣմȥơ
ģؿº˳ȥˡ
ֿ˿ϻûӣ̲סǡ
ˣôŶϱַģֻһͲһ£Լ̥ˡ
뵽ˣϸؽµı߸ꡣ
ĸʱպð߸ˡ
ĸˣ
ͷˣ
壬ִָͷ֣ôϸСرܣ󽵵ļҲǿˡ
ĸõӿۣûҧгݵѾͷ˰갡ͱҪˣ°˫ɣ
ŮУֻĸĶˡ
꣺

º̳ӻһ̳ӸպҪţͻȥ
Թһ̳һˡ
˾ͺƺƵȥˡ
ŲЦմ̳ӵĹ⡣
°һۣôƨôࣿ
ٺЦⲻǼ鲻㿪Ŀġ
ȷʵ鲻ã
ܸоĶˡ
ãҪˣ鲻ã⻰ûͻͻǻ˸⣺㣬ǽţǮ
˵ĥĥţһһġ
ҵĿɱ˲ء
ȭͷӲˣֻðˣҲ棬ĺĺ
һǺ˼ھӣȻҪôࡣ
۸
һֱͷţǳûҪԼͷţɣǵذʲôԺ϶õϡ
ЦˣǲǵȺܾˣ
ͷôҪҶ̬
ˣ򣡡
ͷţףǿġ
ʵĵûʲôˣ˲ӱ죬ڽѽսĶٹһ顣

صңͳһж̳ӡ
жһʱϲǶ
æţ˰£Ҳһæ
жϲߵ꣬յʫôʲôջ񣿡
ʫҺá
ֳڳµģҲ֪ǲ׼õģ֮Ǽʫдʦ֣˵джжȴʤһ֡
£ҪǵģԼͲУؼԸУԭС
T_T
̵ʱڣĳ֮£ǶԵĶرá
һĨڡ
˼ҰԳˣ֪ôд
˺ԲԼǿ
ҪǸʮӶʮӣܰϡ
ǽʱ仹ǲ˼ϣˡ
డ
ϲװƣʦƽʱԲģÿǵһϵġ
кüΣǾԡ
ˢ¼Ĺâͷ
꣺
ԣⲢȲźõġ
ʫãֻ˵˼ݣڱķ治һС
Щʫģмٵġ
ϲ˸ޣԣӮˣ




39.  51-53   +Ժ+

Ѿ̳ж, ˫ȥϴ̳ȥˡ
һ죬УһﲻҪԼ, ˵һ, 鷿
겻, ϲҳ顣
ǴʦǶġ
ʡѧһЩ, Լڲο鼮
ʦ˹˶ʮҪؼҹ, , 赽֮, ϲһ, ϳһˣµľꡣ
귭˷оϼӵӦܳꡣ
˴ֵڿʼ°ɡ
ʱһֱڰǱϵ£ǰ鶼ˡ
ͷ, Լˮƽ˶֮󣬾ͣͲǰ, ܿǸط, ϲ²ȥ, ͦŤġ
һЩʫ, ͸ˡ
ȻЩҪֵģԭֺ, ǡ
ԣϺˣ
±ͺãǳɳġ
ڴṹ浹˲١
, ˴ְѧдⱾ£ϣһЩ

ֻƪ¡
ÿдһƪֵ, ˣ鷿ȥʱѾˡ
ָɣϸƵġ
һţʶľ²ӡ
궿ˣүү˵ĴůͲȥ
ǶԵĲֹѩôˡ
ϲµҲòοѽ
ڶʼˣ١ѾϵˣֻŴŻ֤֤ȥˡ
Ҷһطģ˽ӲμӵҲ࣬Իൣֻ°ģҪĶͱȽϴҶһЩ
ȥ￪֤֮ġ
˹ҪµģһͿʼж̳ˡ
˵Բ
ͷֱ
Ҳ˵һؼûס
߰˱أŲһڻˡ
⻧ôһ£治֪Ǳȥʡ
MMP̫ˣ

صҰ¸һ˵
Ҳһ±ƣ˫͸ˡ
˵ģ»궼ûͷĻڱ
ǣ֨֨мû˵
ΪһӣȻ̫࣬ȴûжù˵ү檣׼ȷĶλΪϵѾ
˼ҵС檶һ»жӵ
߻ʹѾ
һûУЩҲǰѾġ
ؼҵĴѾһҲġ
ЩΪʱʱ벹һ¶ӡ
Ŀۿһ굽ͷ治˶ǮԭȻſ߻׬飬ϰúܽ
һ굽ͷ̺ϡ
뼸λӵĶһġ
ְֱû㸱ҵ
˵Ǯˣԣϴ˵լģʵǼٵġ
꣺
լӵô£

լʵү׼ġ
ظ˵ӡһֱϣڼҳ
ɱϾô飬СڵĸֵլƣĸӵƲ
Ϊʲôף
Ϊʲô˱صٲŸ걨˻
Щһ˳ϣʵԼҲһĴ㡣
ԣǰͰլӸ
լӵԭǰȥء
˵Ҳɣԭ˵ʱܹصĶݣԣҪլʱԭһٸԸ⣬լڵ־͵Ǽ¡
ĸĸҲһ
ԭ˵ĵܵܡ
λ߰ǰ͵òȥˣʱҲŶʮ岻ΪСಡһҲûȢޡ
˵ҲɣǼҲء
еüĿˡ
ʵϣҪԭأǸ˵Ǽء

㻹ǵ뿪ؼʱҸ𣿡
Բһ䣬Ǹɡ
ͷ
ôҲÿûȻҪϴʲôģɾˡ
·ҵļвȻл֤ĸ˭д
꿴ĸһ֣п־Ȼһģһ
ﱾϲá
ԼΨһӡʵӡϲ֣ԼǵøÿͷҪôǺ«Ҫô˿黨ǣЦ˵ϲãƵʲôˡ
Щ־ģ
˵ϲʱʲôΨһǵõ֡
ʲôǲˡ
ڱһӡĨ·ģģļ䡣
ҡ
꣺
̾˿Цʵûô
룬ϣһֱΪӴ㡣
Сʱְֽʶֹ֣Ϊ곤úÿִ
ԼĺЩͷ˶ƣӣɲ˭۸ġ
ƫƫϵȲˡ
ԣرǼ¿ʼԶꡣ
˵һֱ
ʵǷݼٵģͱظȥūˡ
֪֮󣬲žЩµģûһж˵
˺ӣؾΪһף͸ñ֤ӵδ
벻һ˵ĸͶ
·жߣ˲֪ȴ壬λĸҵܰңϸҵġ

αϳ¡
õģܼʵҲߵˡ
ʱţΪ
ϳ̼֮ңϲǿʤ˱𿴾òˣⶼģ˶ѹסأʵؿһһ׼
˺½ǵ±ҪģֻҲʵʱտȫ˵ˡ
鲻ӣȴ˺ëֱ
ؿһΡ
ֱ˿ӵĸое㴭
˴˿̣Ȼеͬ
Ҳ֪֤вУ
Ҵȥɡ
˴ʱ˿̣Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣǸ˵ҲûôܣҧһڸɵʵһѾ
ˣܽɷޣҲһμѻ޹ˡ

ڶգƽʱȥ˶ӡ
ԼҵĻ֤ȥ١
١һĶЦԣû뵽ϴͦϸģˡ
һʱûӦϴ˭
ֱ١ǰЩӸˣ˵Ҫסſܻ飬Ұ
١߶߶һᡣ
ס
ǸϵĴ󲮣Ҳסլԭˣʱ͸١Ĺһš
һŻϼ飬׼μԵȵȡ
ϣ١ھӶչˡ
껹˵ʲô
ֻ˵һ䣬һûͦ˳
ʲô¶뵽ˡ
Ҳԣڵĸֵƾһ֮šˣ˸ٴⱾѾ˲ˡ
˵ҵ˺ܴá
꿴һ˲Ӫٺõȥ
Ȼû⣬Ҿͷˡ
١Ѷһѧȥ
صң½½ѧš
ǿԡ
꾭Щİ£дͻͽ
𣬱ƽʱҪϰʱ
֮ԭΪܻȥˣʦָָҵ໹һ⣬˾ȥһݡ
ŷֱѾˡ
˵С֮ҰҲҪˣʣǼװˡ
ȹʦǻȥ֮󣬾١ϿΣһֱϵ¶ʮˡ
ĸβ˲Ǹ͸һ߶𰡡

ɨһ⣬ֱƺȼװҪϲ١
ʫռҪһЩҪҲһݶ֡
һԱߵС֣̲ס˿
ȻǰԺԵĿ
ôõԾҲǱʡص⣬ԵҲֻݣԺԵĻͷһ
ʱ겻еֶ
ڶ⣬˲ƽ
ͬ뷨Ļͬѧô⻹û꣬Ѿ˺üյơ
ڽ֮ǰĿֹһ飬ȷûʲô⣬Ž˸ڡ
ԾŵһߣЦоô
ʵʵ˵еš
˺棬ͺöˡ
ʵݾѶȲ󡣡
ΪʲôԺ굽Աߣһʾ
ѧľãУѵһˡ
ʱᷢһЩ仯
ЦЦʵǰͷҲԺԵ⣬ֻʱҸǱص⡣
ȻҾ˵صôҪд֡
ǷԺ⡣
ʦֵôһ룬ǲǾãʵյⲢѡ
һ˼ЦǣǷҪһЩݵ³ЩȡɣȻѶȲߣ׻
ԣоԾѶȶĿҡ
ʦֵھãȥμԺԣûаա
У
ڵ֪ʶоԺֻҪ̫⣬ӦöӦ
ʱ½½ģѾ徭ļ顣
ԭȻţһ¶һ飬һЩ
ڿѶϵЩߣΪʱˣҾ˵Ȼ漰徭Ŀ˵ܼ򵥡
һ⡣
͵ȰԹˣϸ飬ڶڿһЩĿеӡ󣬲ڵʱץϹ

ڶգҽʱ
˴Ժĸܣһࡣ
š̼еֲ̿
ֱ˵ϴαصǷʵԺʱҲ̲סһꡣ
ЦʵʲôԣֻҪƽ̬ͳɣǰѴҵľӶˡ
ͷ֣ûϴεѣΪԺ֣ҵѹоˡ
ⲻٶȻ׼ȷʶ˲١
һ̬õ꣬ζƽʱĥߴ˴ʱ
ԣ˼ʲôԣֻҪƽĶԴOKˡ
ԿĲֹ֪ʶʺʡ
ôһ˵ֿһԺ⣬귢̬ת֮ٶˣдʱҲر˳֡

ؽ뿼ʱҲԽԽ
˽ʱ䣬ݾӣֻ콲⡣
ѧϰʱ䶼ռˣˢĴԽԽ࣬оԼָҲԽԽá
Ψһвľǲܺذˡ
¶ʮһգǽȥμӿԵĻ֤ȵȣͨˡ
˵ҲѾá
ھ͵ŷʲô׼֤֮ģȥˡ
ȥԼġڱʱ˳һ£μӿԵ˶𣿡
١ࡣ
ƽ˿˵ֻ򣬶Ҳ̫ࡣ
ɶ˵ҲмˣЩμһһΣԣһͶˡ
μԵľ˵һ߰ˣʱֹʮˡ
˵֮仹ж˾˵׼ˡ
еҪһЩ

˶ʮҰͬѧҲżˡ
˶ؼȥˣˢһµ⣬ʼϿΣٻЩ̫ϰߣʱִǶŪ˼Ծ⼸ʱˢһˢ
һձŰ˽ӵţͼԼſͣ
ԶԶվڳǰơ
һѧ˹ҲΧûˣ͵߹ӣС꼪鰡
ôףСġ
Ц飬飡
һʲ֪ƹġ
꣺
ƹϣĻ
ǣǴгȡ
֪ΪʲôʱʱͷҪһӶˣɲԼҵĻһ½½ľ󻭡
ֱǰ
޼оͳ鲻Ǯˣ֮ԼԺ޼Ҷ׬Ǯġ
²۹²ۣ껹Цع֣ӮӮ
еס

ƹϺõķıֽԼһЩʳĶ˵޼Լׯϲġ
˵˵أ꿪ҪƹرظƼãӺã֮߰һѡ
ƹҲԼһģ̫̫
ź¶ġ
ֱǣº̫̫ĵȷʵͦ
ƹͺȥ鷿
ǰϴδߵǷˡ
ΪӣѾȥˣǱһߵģҲˮǴߣӣʮֻʮɣµʮ͸ꡣ
е㲻š
ǵǱ˵ʱ˫˵ġ
Һͺʱƹ񻹿۳߰˰˵·Ǯȵȣ߷֡
˽վȻɶˡ
ƹҵµĹأ˵ĻرãԺҪںġ
ųߵž˼ˡ
˵Ժ£ƹҪٻɣҪ˶԰ɣ˵˭Ǯг𣿡
걻ĺһӺ壬ܰͷֱ˺ú˵𣿡
Ҳ֪ˣҵѽ
ƹٺЦⲻǡˣСѽ
аɣѾ²ˣʲôޣ
⵹ãв١

ƹ˵˰죬ʵ⣬ͻĽģֻҪ³Ϊɾܾˡ
ؿǮֱ߶ѹ
ۿҪˣ˽Ҳżˣ
˭֪껹ѧ
һᣬͷ˫ӣǵĺүͺĹˡ
ϸһ㣬˻ȥҲûãôôˣ
ǣƹһȥˡ
˫һ棬ү߹ӣӵģǾƣǼһаɣ
ʿˮٽѾˣ
ˣԣҪһ
ϴζٽƣʵҲһ̳
Щ˵˲٣Ƶһֱû¡
ⲻµľһȥүӸպѹһˣرúȡ
ÿ˴̳ӣɾͲô
⻹ûֵ˼ҰӶˣֻҪǰõͳɡ
λҪٵμң׼ǼҶƵģһҲ
̫̫ĿǴ٣ǲ˵ԣǴжҪ٣ⲻ̳Ӷˡ
ľ
ưư죬ô˵Сڱ׬öˡ
˲ô̼С
ү̸ȥˡ
ĸ˼飬ǼֵƼġ
һ֪رĿףмĹǽҵȼü֮
ĵ˵ģٰһ
ǣȻֶ̡
ƹ˹Ȼˣٶ໭
졣




40.  54-56   +

ү·ľƸˡ, һ˰ٽ
Ҳʣһˣýүֱӽȫϳˡ
۸ǰ, µ´ɲˡ
ү, , ˵, Ʒе㵥һ, Ҫ, Ǿ͸ˡ
ֻǸտʼ, Ժ϶ӵġ˸̳, һ߻εһߵЩѾƣ֪Ǳû·
үеģǼһֱǱ߹ӦӾƵ, ѾƵûУ, ϷȳҪǺ˾յȫա
ðզ, үקһֻʹ޶ˡ
, ȷʵ
˺, һתָ˳, Ƕ˵θļ۸൱Ʊ
һߴӻ, һƵҶûأָˡ
²ÿɷɨһʮƱ, ֱӸװŵƹǶߵҾͲˣС˽⡣
ӣ㻹еġ
ҪٱôѹեȥоԼ͸÷ˡ
ѽԣ˳һָղƹӣҵƱҲһ˳ȥ׷ȥ㣬滹һϴƹߵǷǮ
µҾ˵ô۸һ
꣺
ԣǮǲң

걻ôĶԱˣ緹ԵñƽʱЩ
ﻹǲӲĵû£ûǮĵ׷ģûаȫУ
ﱾܵҪһ£תһ룬ֱһѣСǮΪãļҵϱǹǮġ

ˣﶼѱˡ
˸ȥ޻ʳһỹѧϰء

ʳʵܼ򵥣ָѼʰĶᵽԺȥ˳Ѳˡ
ޣ
òװѲˣҲˣһ̧ͷŸͽųˡ
ЦյʲôӰһһĵš
µʲôӣܲ׵ġ
ۡ
㱻ˮǺ
Լӭ˿֪ιҪµġ
ϴ¸յľƣؼҺҶò
ʫæģȻûʵ֣ʱѾƽ˽ڿϯʱѾƷǶҸźˡ
вþ֮ˡ
һű֪ƽʱȵĲһ
һƷᴼ㣬ζ
ôһʣ֪ġ
˾ʣѽոһ͡
ҾؼˣҪĲ࣬ÿҲһ̳ӡ
ʤ࣬ôһȺÿֻһ̳ӣ·;еԶվ˵Ϊһˡ
պιҲҪĸġ
ҲһЩơ
ͳһ£ʫǱһǶʮ̳ǼҲҪʮ̳һʮ̳ٽ
Ťͷ¡
µղиͻѾƶˣҸԼֻʮ̳
յȫ𣿻ȥô䣬Լ顣
µֻܸʮ̳
ȻһҧʮͶʮɣܱûеǿ
꣺
иоڳ

հѾһװʣ̳ˣ̳Ӹ١͹ȥ
ʱҪףһЩ
Ͼ͹ˣѽ
϶ˡ
µҴӦûˡ
ϴүһȥɱ޸պùæơ
˵ɾ͸ɵģһҲɣֱӳҳȥˣûҵĳͷһλ¿
ɰҭòᡣ
¿˳ǣ˫ڼʰ׼ꡣ
ֺ鷿һ硣
ʱƼѾϴˡ
˫ŴЦӯӯӣҼģ̫̫ģôÿ
ÿ
һ˫ˣСϲȥһ
ĵطæ
һ£Դеת
κĲȵϣһʯ񴰻ˣ˫˺üûعζͷ
ǡýŵƼˣһ£ʲôأüˣ
һһˣ
ˣ
Ц´ۣղۿԲȥˡ
꣺ܱ̼𣿡
˵µӣһĶжˡ

ٽס
˸һ֮⣬µĶˡ
˰µҪ󣬰ױ˺Ժͷٽ׸ϣæЩѷѾպˡ
ιСëͷҲ˹
ܸоͷһμ滢ͷԵģʱı仯
Сɻܸоĸ֮⡣
Сëͷ극òغʹ˵һطʰԼĶȥˡ
˵ǻһƪûб죬رºԾ
ϲĽ
һߣ̲ס̾˿õĺӡ
һ£ԷԷôϻ˭ҵĺӲá
ʣǲ治ˣȴԱߵ²һ£ԺûҪǳԺˣȥԺժ㷬Ҷɩ˵Ҷͷ
Ŷһ
ıһ
ҭֱۡ
ţѾ͸ˣֻ˸ӡ
˲ŷ֣ǼֵĲѾˣǿˡҲ˺ܳӣٲųԾҪˡ
ССĲݮҲ˰ɫĻָʱ仹ܳԹӡ
һ߸һߵҪ̹ӳ԰ɡ
ЩٲԾͿϧˡ
˵žͿʼ־ˣУþûһģ˺üΣֻùԹԵվһֻӡ
½մһ˲ٵ⡣
˻һС⣬˵ȥɱʱǼҸպҪҲɱ
ͷɱʱ򣬳˸֮⣬һ⡣
ϲ⣬ĸأʱ͹Լȥˡ
͸պôˡ
û뵽ôԣˡ
~
µҪ񻹲ء
١ҵܱͣߵļƽʱߵýھӣߵýҺңÿ͵ˡ
ҪֵЩ껹ܸÿˮ۵ܲء
صİնرĴӣ֪סؼҵլҲؼʲôϵҶͦģиʲôʲôչǡ
ţңȻռСˣɶû˵ġ
鶼ǴţǶģط
ƲƲ죬ɶʱܳԵ̹ӡ

̹ӻûϣȳһϡ
ժò׼뿪ʱסʹɩˡ
ջģһ˱ˣ˵ʲôҪ룬ڽĴҲûϻֱӾʹӦˣȥŸ£ԺлŮ޸ˡ
Ǳ߽հֿʼŰˡ
˵˼Һ¼ңֻͬ룬Ǳǰ͵ùš
ԣβŴһˡ
ºӵʱﲻܡ
ҲƳˣıϲĴС꣬Ǿ£ϲĿǶ¶ˣ֪ԺҲˡ
ǰϲ飬Ҫںͷ׷Ÿŵģڶ֪ԼŬˡ
ֱӰһӱųɳˡ
¸£һϣҽǸʱϲҪǼҡ
ԺӺЩӵѧϰͿˡ
ͷҲ̲ס²ۣǸǰɩһѾ
ؼǣʲôǡ
ôĵŮˣǼټġ
°һۣϻҪҪٹܡ
οŮûˣָǺ¡
ǣҷ¸˸Ҳа
̫Եǵġ

Ų˻ص˫Ѿʰˡ
ҲۣͷﵹǲôԱ߰æ֡
һϴժˡ
ţһѾ²ˣӸ²˼
һ˵Ͳֱˮ
µŵɣҿֻȥˡ
ձýˣĲժãߵһȥˡ
Ӽˣ̲ס˵ֵʲô֤ǼӺãǮ
µҲʵʵ˵
ȷʵȽϸռʱһЩҲֻǱȽϡ
˽ӳͱͬѧһԱȣȫҵɵӡ
һ˵ʶûС
ûԶ꣬ҵɵ̼һ¡
·ҵɵҲãĿֵģ˵ʲôȥǰʱ˺ǽˮ
˵жǼٵġ

ڶ˽ӻŵƮһϤζ
ŰֱӴ˽ȥͼ´Χȹվ̨ǰһӣһùǣڹȥԱ߷һϴɹɵˣݺõķƬĺɽҩѪ
һЩܲӺӡ
깾һ˿ڿˮ㣬أ
̫ѵˡ
¹˲˵žؽ͵ӣŵ˺üΣôȥ϶ҪˣҨһưˮ˽ȥ
ˮһ¹ʱһɰ̴ܼ˲併˲١
±Ǻֱԣһֹ꣬ȫָŹ￪ĵƼûˮȥͲˡ
ڡ
һϡ
NNDҪ쿴Ͱ͵ʲô
а˲žÿԸ̡
껹ǲǫ顣
Ի࣬ģȷŽȥòˣٰѪƬõƬӵµˡ
±ţɵģģ̲סˣСǰĪģ
ãֵСϡ
ЩСϣΧھ͵ģҶЩţģϲ͵ģϽ潴ģ˵ġ
յ̵Ͼ潴ϽģеҪóԲ١
ĭ֥齴ֱ

ٷԵöƤˡ
ĳԹǽɹ̫ǰӵ÷ƪ²ҽɡ
ֱ壬һԺϲĵã鷿ٰѵܵܽϣϿҴ򡣡
ӦһȻطȥˡ
ϣ˱Ŀľģԣ֪ëͷĽȡ
ص׼һ£һСëͷͽˡ
˷ãԼСڰ壬ʼ˽Ρ
ϲʱСëͷдںڰϵĶԼϡ
սһ޵ֶӣдÿ治ͲС
ԽԽˡ
˽ҲǶʡõģƫƫӾǲúѧ
ˣǡ־ûȫ͸
㻹²˵⺢ԼҵܵСʱԶˡ
̲סˣÿﲻ֪£Ȼ϶˵ϰĻУǼҵƽ̡
ӳˡ
ŵأǻ
õӴž鷿ˡ
Աӣ˶ʶֵû⡣
ĵ鷿ɣвĵط
̲סֿһۣ˸Ĵָ
ôڷܺѧֹɵĺӣȻǱ˼ҵġ

磬鷿һ⡣
СдһʱĴ֡
˭Ҳ˭
ʱʮҽ˹ȥ㣬һȥɣҲ̫Զｭϡ
ܰӴϣҲȥģպüһ档
ǼҪʼˣȥˡ
˾飬´㽫׶һЩʱ䡣
˵䣬¶ȲͱȽ
Զæ¯ӣʱĸ¯һ
ò죬׾ˡ
ԣһڼЩæ
ϲҹæûµʱ۹Ρ
񣺡
Ȼˣ

ٽأҰͱ඼Ѿżˣ١ҲÿϽΣ˳ҲĵطͿԲȥ˽ˡ
СڶְһԾľҲʼ
ԭΪֻٽ׾Ϳˣ֪λھӼ˲ٵ
ףд֮ģоС
ණǰռҵҪģ۸رˣоԸԣֿϡ
ණ˼ҶҪǮлæ
ֻôףܿڶһ࣬곹βˡ
ø͸
ϿΣûµʱڼͶ
ϲĺСëͷҲڼЩܼ顣
ϲʱҲһںԺæ꿴ϸ첲ϸȵģĵæ¯ӾͳˣЩֻ㡣
첲ϸģһ˿զ죡
ϲ˫ֻԼĸ첲ûô
˵ʲôһ
޸֮ʵҽġ
ûũԷ׳
ǵֲᣬһܵˣĻܰùƾٰ
οϲڴﳤСũġ
ʵģƽʱʮû⣬껹ڴϲһ˿һˡ
꣺
ˡ
ʦӦа˿鸹֡
>_<

¶ʮѧʱ١µļվͲϿˣʲôĿ˽ңȽæҲԲˡ
껹Ҫʡ
⼸ģ¿֮Сһ˹ȥ
Դ֮١ûǵĿΡ
ù⣬١㶵һ£ڶˣ
˽Ҳ¡
ǵøʱ껹˵ԼŶɵļ
ѧʱҲܸоڻشʱɣɶ̶µʱ䣬ȻѾ徭
ؼӰټҲ˲ˡ
һǡīӡһǡӡ
ûУûУֻʦʱ͸ҵļ⣬ǼڴʱЩеƧԾͼ¼
١ЦС㻹á
Ц
ǿƤġ
ϲɵĻǰʱƹҡҵǼҡ
ϲʱҲ˵˵ԷƵģɶƹ̬ȣҲܿһЩ
屻ʦȥʱ
պ鷿һ
Ļһʱûס˼䡣
ܼôãϱӶҲоҵˣʦչţԸ֪ʶǺι̵ġ
ԭȲ֪˵ʱҲǱȱͬѧܶһЩϾ١˵ˣ˽ӵĺӡ
Դ֮Ͳһˡ
ԣʱһЩ⣬ǸԺԺԵġ
мٻ漰һЩӰټ֮ĬдĿ
ż顣
˾ͰѳƵʽϸߵļŷ˷
١пȷʵǣ˵Ҫ徭ʵϣ鶼ԣҵ꿼˼ԺԣÿζԼû飬˵Ҳû˭ˡ
ԣ徭ˣʱ䣬Ƕ࿴Щ顣




41.  57-59   +Ϧ+

١, ˵治ȥ㣿
ҡͷȥҼ½½һЩ, ҵûؼҰæء
о仰ô˵, Խ, Խ
ھ, һȺŮ, Ҳֻˡ
, Щɡ
󲿷ֶ˽, ػۻͶϡ
, ɲ˼ܳȥ档
ڼʵɻŶԡ
ҵ
˵ִ꣬˴֣ٺЦ˵ҽܵ㣿
ϱСʱү㣬Сְ׾, ٱү˼գСſûϳ
үùСơ
үǼʮˡ
ץֿ˿, Ц, ӦҲ󣡡
˲Ĺ, ѻ, ޣͯ޼ɣ
Ѿ, ƽ֡
ļ磬ͣ
ˡ
յſڣƼ޼ҵˡ
ƹЦ̽ͷ߹, ð
ʲôá
Ҳ̫ڿˡ
ƹ񲻵ͣȾĴӻͳƱƼûСߵĻ, ͱˣƱ
ʮ
ǿˣڵۻ϶ˡ
ܻжã۸ֻôߡ
ƹȷʵǣΪڼûϵҲûй⻭ļ۸ѾǼߵˡ
һЩҶߡ
Ϊʲô
ΪãǰͷԼһļλˣⲻԼ˳ͨء
ԣȻݲߣ󣬵˼ѽ
ܵõλϿɣѾվ˽ˡ
ҲΪݺǶţʹλӳ֣Ҳ̫ߵףֻһСԱǲˡ
ߴСǣ˵ýСҲͦ࣬ôҲȲЩС
۸ĿǰѾˡ
Ʊһһš
ƹ˵˼仰ͣˡ
̫̫ӳЦźк
ƹǼӲ˵ҪôҼӻȥׯϵȥˣһׯϾϢԣҼӽռŹţⲻҸպðƱ͹
㲻֪޼ӴǷծ
ء
ǺЦøϺƵģ֪ʵ
ǣżɽ˵ɣִӦļң
ƹͷ治ҶĻ׳桭
꣺
Цġ
ƹںҺʱ򣬾յ˼ҵţ˵Ҫ
ǼʵǱӼţԷһ֮ͬͻụͨޣҶݡ޼ӵģż˹
ǲܰѿͻġ
ԣһȥҪŹͨȷʵȽ鷳
ⲻյҵĻţҪĿд
һ¡
һӰڡ
еãǸʲô֯
Ӱڻ˵ùȥױǸʲô
ƹȱЩ˵˵ɣȷʵм̣ߵļ۸ǿ϶ġ
£˭ǮզΡ
أơ
ۿС鲽ˣ߻ֻǸѧеŤ
һС˴ϰ壬һŰˣĶȥ

ϸſ顣
ŷ֣ʵԷҪҲ̫̬
¹ڲͬ㣬Ѱﰡ֮ģ˼ѾƲˡ
ؼλݼ˵ãǸ֮ģԣõͼͱԵĹѡԴ
ǹģͨ˾͸ࡣ
һ̲סˣϱӻ˻¡
Ϸļ¡
ʱϷ֮׼£൱Ψһ²۾Ǽ۸еҲһֻ봽
ʶߣ¸첲£ҪǱˣܸҶǮ
ƹͷһǮһʱеûӦĬһָͷ
Ĺ
ݵЩ
ǶѽȻҲʮ
ˣֻŬݣȡǸʲôɣʱöˡ

ƹѻˣʲôʱܽ
ӰôҲɣϾ̺ƴ󣬼ӦҲ첻ˡ
ͼһ
ҹòμˣȥҸͷף١
Ҳù˳ʮˡ
ƹУҳʮ˹
꾪һסǣôµ𣿡
ƹҼǶԷż
ڶԷôķϾͼӰѾɡ
ѽĻڶˣɼµͼˣ˵ܲ𣿡
Ѫʮʲôѽ
ǻǿ²ˡ
ƹ죬٣١
굽ҲʮˣҲٵӣ˼һ¾͸٣ӰҸҲ١
壬ٰ
˲ˣȻƹֻзвơ

ǰ⡣
ر棬ֱ
ʹݸ塣
ƹ˴죬ֱˣŰ˷ߡ
ڶ˽Ӷȥˣ϶飬ٱ顣
ʱ͹ǽϣ˸˼ѪƵģ쳣ܡ

ϲÿ㡣
Ľ
Ÿͷȣ񼫺õŵʦ֣ô㣿
㡣
ϲСʱϧû󣬾ͱèˡ
ô⼼ɡ
ͦã
үôε㣬ͷһμͷôȵġ
Ĳࡣ
ԣ໳û㣬ｭϴһķ磬ֱӴЩ

ľ˲ٵϡ
УǱӻǿԵģŵóζǰĲ̫һ
ƺЩ
µҾͶˡ
ϸͷľƣ̫ߣԣֶˡ
ܲӵذľƸˡ
㣬̤ܲܽʵЩ
ȡſɣ˵ùȥʲôô
ɴܡ
һڣ㶮ƨ
аɣǾеǷᡣ
²ˣҲҳ飬ɶмⲻ̫ᣬȥ
ܵñӻ졣
ֱĥȻЦľ
ͷֺðɡ
ҪȻͷô£
˭Ҫ

졣
Ϧһ죬ڴźӻؼȥˡ
ʱ˲ٵˣм̳Ӿơ
һߣȻе᲻á
ôоģŮ˻
һҭ
ǸӺðɡ
ûƨѽ
Ķ˶һЩ
ˣ˵ҲȻͦص˵ˣһҪء
£
ǷˣֻҪ˵ʱ򣬶Ҫˡ

磬ڲ÷Ӷڱˡ
˼ʵ̫æˣҿϵϡ
Ц鷳ˣһϣЩƳ
İɣ϶µġ
˫ϲԼѻﻻȥˡ
ɵ˰죬ûȵˡ
ƿţֻСת˸ֿٲ˲ᡣ
ֻûƯѽôǶơ
˫Ťվӵĺܺÿ𣿡
Ȼÿˣ
ӻɫǺʺСɫ
۷۵ģ㻭
Ϊһ̳ܶһھͰ컨ˡ
СⱲͷһδѵĸһɨա
Ȼ
˫ϲϲشѳŸ꿴ʱ̲ס˳ǣ˭ɫ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ǻѽ
˫ΪҪ̰ɫ
˵ˣС͸ôƯƯ
»˵ˣǼûʲô߰ݣֻҪŶһˡ
꣺
ԣϱ۹ж
Ȼﵽ·һƣôԼҲôû˫ķ۴ۣɫʵֱĸϽš
ӲӵģҲͷɫͨá
о¿ܻƴ䡣
һѾʣҵأ
̫̫̫̫Щԣ뿴ǷҪһա
굽ǣȻڰ
һɫе㵰ۡ
׼ơ
ǵϱҪô飬ҪôȫҸʱͷ̫̫
ҲС°ѡģ
ɲǣС˵ˣ͵ϲ죡
Ҳɫ̫ʺ꣬ϱѡģҲ˵ʲô
죬ãæȥ顣

ôԼʱˣһѵһѧ
ҪȻҲ̫ˡ
ôһĿ꣬ˡ
ΪãҪԼˣڼ˵ӦеɣϾֻһ

ͷһһꡣ
Щҵģͷͷ֮ʧˡ
ӣ̫̫˵űأ
˫ͷϲ֪ʲôʱ˵졣
һɶޡ
ſſôһƵĵƹһΣʵʵڱ˸£ȫҶѵ
˳ȥ
°̵ݸ
˵Żݸһӡ
ӹһʱеֶ˺üûҰһ
ֻ۾һŵøˣǺҪǶȥ㡭
ϱҲֻŹ̻š
ǳֻ֣ͷһҲ֪ô
>_<
Ƶָۣͦ˹⵨Ҳǹˡ
Ҳԣ뵽»ҹǴŵòģ¾ͶٵЩ
ҪǺ㣡
һԼ֣һ
һ˼һûʲôöģŲűϣԣ˽
ˣ

һֻӣһ̣мһŻĽʱ򣬰еһƬ̱ڿС䡱һըһ̻ƽ
½˲ٵ̣дСұڡ
ķ߰˸ֽ֮ڸȼˡ
Ƕˮһ㶼Ůӡ
ֻצһֱŶ䣬ÿһΣŵöһ¡
Χȫ̵˫һѾػسȥˡ

ڶգϲһͬȥɽϰĲʱպǼڷ̡
괩һرϲѣŲŶ䣬վԶԶĵ°̷ꡣ
վſڣ˳ǽŲ˹ȥ
̷ŵÿѽ
ϸŮ˿治ࡣ
ͷɲǣһһɾ
ϲЦ
ƴʦʱҲǷӣɾˮ

ܱߵһСɽϡ
ÿЩ˶ȥݰݣС𻹲
϶ǶܱߵĴ
ȻҲسǺͱӹĶˡ
Ϊͦ顣
˵ϰǰԼҵھǰݵһ·ն˽ʿپƷǱؽһҲΪԼҵÿ궼㡣
ǿ֮ǰ·жԶϻ㡣
Լ˵ľǼҡ
ǼǱصĴ󻧣üλʿġ
ԹӺͽֶⱲٮٮߣڶǾ˵ݡ
ʶ˵в壬١ݵϰߡ
ö֮͸ˡ
ԣҲͷϰס
߸գߴߴٵЩЩ˾Ͳˣ
걻˵öеˣʰһ£׼ĹƷææһ·Сߡ
·ϻ˲˽ӵͬ
ҶǴСڱسģһв׵
һк򣬱ӿ첽ɽܡ
ͷŶû׾еԲˣοɽϡ
Ŵʦ֣߰ɣҲż
Ѿͷˡ
ϲ˿˿ɽСϡܿ·ζӰЦˣ߰ɣʵҲ
˵ţϲʳиָòˣ˲ٴ·
û߶Զͼɿ˴һ˹
࣬Ҳǲ죬ûźɿЦ˵˼䣬һͬС
ԴϴΪ£ɿҲûȥһ顣
Сֶӣˡ
ϿλһƽʱҲ죬ܸо׽
ǣɿװʱʱʱ˵С˼˵Ǵûȡ
ҲûһƱƣȻúˡ
оΡ
ɿæʲô
ûʲôæģ׷ѡ
˳ʲôġ
ͷʵҲǿ׵ģֻ廨š
˵ǸŽ㡢ȥݷݣʵǼͨˣʱżСʲôġ
Ҷ֪ôһ£࿴۵Ҳû˹
⼸æи֮ġ
뵽ˣ̾ϢһҸڼҸϰΣϾҪ³ˡ
ϲǣڸв֪ˡ
Ǽģʮͳˣǳ֪ϱʲôġ
Ļĵġ
ͬصͷҲǳղŸҼӵһμġ
ؼˢðײҲҵģû峤࣬ˣͽһΣɹ̵ġ
⻰˵ģɿ˶ûˡ

궼ʮһˣΪҾãĸ˼ýţ˼Ҷ⣬һ仰ɩӱżţûкùﲻɣ
ǼҾá
ɿٿǡ
ǣôһ죬ɿ͸岻ϻˡ
ͣ»ͷʱһŤͷôѾһˡ
ϲһ񣬡㣬ôڴҶˡ
İɣѾ˶ݹˣ

˾ǳ˳Ҳͷ㣬ԣ͸ûʲôҪˣǱ߱߱ɣҲš
Ҳãһһļϡ
СѧƵģһ˱˸ͬĿʼ
˲ƪ£պ˸һһԱͣ
ƿЦϳ
˫һˢˢغһʦ֣Ŷ˳
÷ȣЦʦֽĿе
£ǰҲûͷ㡣
˻һ쳤˲ӣģ
ġ
ȻҲǶˣӻԶģСʱѧʱǱŰҪߺԶ·ò׷żˣȻ̫̫硣
Զ·ҲЩܣټϼԶԾûҪͷ㡣
ÿݰݵġ
ÿοǰҲ㡣
˵꣬Ҿͷˡ
ʦֽܴ𣿡
ЦǼңѵŲɣ
ɵЦҾͽŰ֮ʣȥ١𡣡
ٲУԼˣ취еġ
иСӣͷβ¼ĶʱĲ⡣
ÿⶼԤҳĿ϶Ա¼𰸣ʱһԼǵøοЩ
Сó֪б
ɨһĿ򵥵·ϽһǰĲͷҸطúøǴ⡣




42.  60-62   ++

˴˳糵ôһ·, Ǳ˽ӵʦٶȿ˲٣ûͷ㣬Ҳǰʮ
, ȥҡ
ϲȥҼ, Ǽôࡣ
һҲ, Ǽȷʵ˿ڶ, һһ˶ꡣ
һ͹ȥˡ
ǻȥҼҰ, Ҽ١
ұϲҪһЩ, е鷿, ȻҲռ鷿, 쵹ʰɾˡ
ãһơ
꣺
̫ˡ
һһɽߣ½½˽ӵʦǴ˸档
껹˵ϻɽЦ˵, ߵôǰͷȥˣȻ͵͵ʦֵ˳糵
ĶƤ, ˼ʵ߲, ʦּҿһ̡
ɽЦҡҡͷ, , ʦʱ𣿡
ͷ
ɽм㣬ȥ㡣
Ӧһ, ɽ˵һͷͼɿ˿
˫һۣɿŭ⡣
ֲòк
ɿʦ, һææи㣬ܲܵһᡣ
һỹ², ١ͣʱʦֺʦҲڡ
ɿЦŵл

һ·϶ͬѧĥĥߴߴǰʱɽҲˡ
죬֪ʶ˶Ҳһĥ
ǵСʱүȥѧһ·ҪôϵϰƣҪôͬѧ͵ѧУüһͬѧһڿζˡ
Դ֮Ҳûү͹
˳徲ˡ
ˮŵǼڶɡ
ֱͦ˱
˵Ǽ״⣬һͣ
̼żϼؼ֡
һ·ϻλƵҲǲ䲻彲һ䵹ҲǵãԻؼҺͷһ£ǽ彲⣬д˱ϡ
С
æ˲ˮĽȥһôһȻˣǽΣҲǹԵˡ
Һ彲ٶȾͿЩټһ˲ٵ飬ͽ漰ĵطֱָı飬Ĳݣ꿴֮Լùȥ
֪͹緹ʱ䡣
üأ˶˵ýζģҲ˼š
ֱ彲ˣСһ꣬緹Ѿ׼ˣǿ𣿡
һɳ©˼ˡ

յķ˫һ׼ġ
µġ
еĲˣ˫¸ߵ
һϵĲˣ΢΢еԾ
мֽ㡭
ͷһ壬Ϊ¶һʱˣ뿪˻¶ɲ֭ͣڸ̷ڡ
һɹŨİڿ
㣬һʱ͸ϵһཹཱུð
Ҳˡ
Ϳ죬ʲôԷһͷһμ
˫Ц˵н㣬Ȱ㿾ãϳõ֭
˫һͰѽˡ
ЦȷʵóԣҲر㡣
һˣֱ̫ˡ
ϲ˵㻹ͦǼ˲һԵˡ
һסĸ첲ߺߵҧ㣬ôܲأҵ㡣
ȷʵС
տʼЩģɺһֱ磬ֹˣϹˡ
һ͵Сţ̫СܳԻˡ
ʮ㣬ϲÿ
Ͳ࣬Էûôི
߳Ա߽Լ¡
һԵûһ仰Ťͷһ˿⿴
ôˣ񡣡
걻ͻȻֵĴһһϤζɲʱڿǻš
ʦȳԣͻȻһ£Ҽӡ
ֶͳϵĴͳʳ
ǽȿˣϸϣϲԵľˡ
Сϲ㡣
ټүǸѣûٹ㡣
ֳԷ
үڿ֮ǰʲôԷĸϵ
˿̣ĵԭȽһͷӹ̣ټӹ̡

˳ֱµķ䡣
΢΢šü꣬Щôţ
ȵڶ˫ӺЩ˵ʱ侲
ĻĬĬȥ룬˳˰ǰ㣬и㡣
ҪһǴԽߡ
ǲǱʾ֮Ĺϵ͸һˣ
Ŵ˲һַ
ʮĶɽصֶٿҪöǮܻرȵȣͷҲû̧ʲô£

˿ڿˮĿȻɨֽϣɲǼһֻֽǼӹĲ²⣬ô˿ֽ̣ʽ֡
ѾȷΪٷ֮ˡ
Ϊ̫һʱȻ֪οڡ
֣ɵЦ㣬дѽ
ѧѧҲ
λļӷҪʽ~
̫ɰ˰ɣ
һЩ۴ˣ˵˵һץסµֵ㣬Ժ˾Ҫ֣ͬ۹ãһϵƣԽԺҪôס
Ļң»ˡ
ѾµݣɲµͲµˣʲô
ǣֺצӣʪرܡ
س˳飬ϧûץøˣҡҡ㣬ӮӮ
ʲô߰ģû¾͸Ͻ߱ˡ
꼤˫ͨ죬û뵽ϱȻ硣
Ͳˡ
͸֪һ˲һʱ̧Сȹһ¡
ʹһ
ҲΪʹԼ꣬ﵹ˲١
ﻹͷء
ֿЦģһ֪Ѿԭװӡ
ʱһҸʿС£ٰץǾˡ
㣬Ǹص
ʦǶ˵δԹôóԵ㡣
˵ǰʲôԭǴƷ
ԺǼǲǿʱˡ
ʵϲ۳ˡ
ºǺզ죬볳գҿԳ㡣
˵ۣ꣬ôû¸Ͻ
ֱˣΪԼ˸ȣڿ˸ӡ
>_<
ͷҡҡͷɵЦȥԷˣʱġ
һסѹЩԼ֪ã𵽴ҳͷ˵ûʲôеλҲ˼Ұǵ񾭲ָ׽
ͷ˶š
һȺʿ㣬㻹ɪʲô
ͷİɣˡ
ղţһʱ
ļˣȥԷɣҴ˫ȥͷȥϷ
˳ľƴӡ
ӦһߵſֻعպÿűֽϿʼ㣬̲ס㣬Ҫʱҽ̰ɡ
ȥˡ
ԭĺ飬⻰ʱವıռˡ
뵰ղЦλ㡣
˵̡
̣˭ˡ
Сѧ꼶ѧðɣһȥһ
ӻֻسȥˡ

ţѾ˴ˣһȥôãٺЦô£͵˵ʲôĻأ
˿㣬ʮֵؿڣû˵ʲô˵ҪȥϷ
˵ϲһµһ롣
ֹɫÿĶҲͦḻġ
ϲѾˡ
忴ŵʵҲ룬һٷ꣬һؿҵķóԡ
õֲãʦͲ٣Ƿ̫óˡ
ݲԭˡ
ãÿ춼ܳԺóԵġ
ȻѾԸһӾûйǸеʵҲܲ˱ôdissƵԣҾԺٳЩ
˽ӵͬϴȥʫʦǣһ϶ġ
һվһ˶
㡣

ⷹҶԳˡ
ϰԺＸȦҲ
һᣬ꣬ʱ䲻ˣҿһỹûسǡ
ջ˻
æӦһŽˡ
ѻչ꿴һ㶡
Ż
ҿֽţѾˡ
Ͻǵ÷ΪԶɫʧ棬ŮȹϻȱҲһ顣
Ҳû취˺ü˶˵޲ˣΪǹŻǶ޸ãѻƻˡ
ŻͷҲͦһλݵĻʦ
ɬ˿ʦָòҰ޻ɣ
ҪоѶЩ
һޣϴʱɫоϣֵĵط
ʵꡣ
⻭洫ģôᡣ
ȡᣬԼ޻ˣܣҪ޻ˣⱲӸоﶼ˸
ԣԼ֣æ
˿Ц⻹С
⻭ɫѤãıַʱڡ
ǻеŮӣЦݲã죬һﻭ֮ⲻͬΪ⡣
ǣϸ顣
ǵҪμԡԣпҪԺԡ
⻭ǲż㸮Թʽޡ
ֱߴСسǣѧѧλöռҪǸԳɼõģʱȥѧ飬ԣĳɼʱȥҲʲô⡣
ʱ˿һ۹Σһ޵ǲ
Ǿͺãʦһ⻭ѽ
ǰ޹ڻȷʵֻǴֻ֣޹һ򵥵ĵطʱɰˣ˵ҲǴ֣ٻ۵㾭飬~
~

ʱ֮ǰؼȥˡ
ʱһ۹ΣǰȥʱִͷŪһһ⡣
ÿ춼ˢһݣպðһЩԡԵͯûͳꡣ
мĲ
ֵʦ֣ã
壬һġ
嶶˶Ƥ񣬰ְⲻǴѹ޻ķ𣿡
ȻһõĻӦöౣһ
оٸȥҲؼˣֺ˸
ǰ˻
ˣˣղżϱȥҲûָо
Ͷû͡
Ҽߵʱ򣬺֪Ƶġ
ʱǲ֪ʦ֪ġ
˳ָķһɽЦĹˣΪǴģ˵
æӭȥӹ˻
˻һڣ˶ˡ

ȻѧѵĻ
ɽЦ㲻ϴ˵ϲҼҳĽһ׸պÿԳˣ͸˵㡣
ɽҲǼԼĶ
Ҳ۹εġ
ԣ˴ͷ鷿Ѿˣʱʱ
ǲҲ̫ƴˣ
ǰؼҵʱ򣬴Ҷ˵ѧϰá
ֲ̿࣬Ҳͦ
ʱﻹͦżϻ𣬿Ļ
סһ𣬲֪رŬȻľôƴ̲סЩġ
µû£һ¾³ˣһóԸͺˡ
˵ţѸӷŵϡ
һҲԣΧȹʼ׼
£
Сӿ϶˹ʺˣôһ衣

ɽ깦ΣЩδ
Ѿ͸ˣֻúʹһָ
ˣվڳţ۵ؿƺ˵㻹ᣬʲôѽԺеǻ³
Ҳżѽֻ鶼һˡ
˵ţ˿Ц˹𣿡
ζġ
ţС½̵ķӡ
ס˶ʱǷˣͦ˵ģʲôʲô˵ͷͷǵɾǶ
ζ϶ˡ


ν껹ŵһζ
һŤͷͼϷ˸ֽ
˫̸ģ˵ֻҪǺóԵģϲ
ߣȷʵϲ졣
Сͷһθ졣
еСټϽȷ˶ԷҲԼһֱԼ˹ذС飬͸ˡ
նûø˫֣ڻһ˶
½ʱȵߣǰһѵӿǡ
Ϊ
һ꣬мһ¡
ӦһӸȥͷ
ֱȥ鷿һŵݸ
ɨһ飬£ɴ˿̿ţһ䣬м٣
±˸ˡ
˿Ǻţ
µͷ
ڸǾӪϰ꣬һڿԲμӿƾ볯ΪˣȻʸõ׼ңμõѡ
μҿϵ֪Ĵӣ¶Ҫ϶ˣ֪ǰͻȻõϢ֪μȦǮ鱻ͱͷȥˡ
֪ʱҲ뷽跨߹ϵ¸ѹȥ
μҲû룬£̫̫ٵ֮ʣŮء
ǰͷţ˵ʱ˸ۣȥʱҲͷ¡
ү˼䡣
ҼȻǺϵЩʲôϢģԼҲûʲôʧү飬ϢһȷͲ˰˹
˵μûѹȥ
ؼҪù
µݣ˵ûؼףĿǰȷʵؼûκιϵɲһ򣬾һǸĸôݣôԼˣҧһڡ
˸¡
Ҳûܡ
µˣԿܻܵӰ졣
³Ҫԣڻһ¡
µ֪ûôһ£汻ͱֹЩ굣ŻͬҲҪǣ
ҪҽȲˣ
¹ȥ˵
µ϶ȥˣʱ˳ټر۵ϣأҲͺͷϵʭӡ
ѾطˣûͱǾǶһ١
طˣǱǣһӣ˵ƾˣҲ
ԽӮʲôģƵС˵ɡ
֣ǵùĵùˡ




43.  63-65   Ʒ+ũ+

, Ҳ˵Ѹϵ¡
Ψһϣľرǣ̫ࡣ
Ǳǣʧְְ
ˣ·, Ǹ֡
ֻϣ⡣
걻Դ, һý졣
ϱӵ״й, ܰÿ쵱һ, һ, Ҳһ, ûû, óԺúȵĹһ첻Ǹá
, ľ׬ˣ
˿ɶҲ˵ˣһúúѧϰŬ׬Ǯ¾ǣǣû취Ӳμӿƾ, Ҳúúö飬뽫١һ, ݽ̽ѧ, ׬Ǯǡ
£
, Ѫˡ
¸˸, ֿʼʱڣ±֪
ǿˣȻصʱ, ܹίػͦиģҲϴλ鱻ͱ֮, һظ˵û
һ߽һߵİɣһЩ, ¿϶˵ġ
˽ЩϢҲûͨ
Ҫ˵ϢͨҲˣǮʡķˮġ
ָӴ
ߵǲõģΨһҪŵľǸڵĴ͡ţ
ţϢͨˣһֱ˽ºָﴫˡ
һѾ˦ÿǡѽ
ţϵá
ʱʱĸţϢ
ȴˡ
ˣСɵͷɵԣûûεģʵҲͦ

һ춼ͬѧ۹Ρ
Сϼ˲ٵĶϳԹһһĶ¸ϢûӰ쵽
ҪеݣԼ飬ȻԼٸ顣
˫ڵ¸ʱҪĶ
һ˵ڡ
ҹ˾ʱ˵Ǽٵģͷʲô֮ģֱҲܺߺðɡ

ڶ죬𴲾Ͱǰֹһ飬ûʲôˣŰѻһĻ˳
ӰȻ󣬵ȴѡ
ڳϦѾ깤ˣľǼ¡
½ʱѾͼ˿ֽϹͼ
ǵϱӻɹ÷죿
ᰴĦֻ㣬÷춼ˡ
һĶֽϣûϸ˼ڱ÷쵹ûɹϷƹ·
ִСѧġ
һʱ䣬˸־Ͷ壬еĵһͰ
룬ʵϱȻʱ䲻黹ġ
ʷͦƾá
õ֤֮ȥٰ̹Сѡ
廭
ٺȥϷ˾
ʦָͷ棬ǽǡ
¿һᣬҲףǰĴĻģǮϽ
ˡ
ʼû̧ͷҲû˵һ䣬ţﻹ˫ĸӻһȥ¿ȥˡ
ֳɵķҪ˿Լ˳ԡ
Ӧһ

һͻ˶ʱ
ֱʦһͣıʡ
»еĵطҪϸСĻƣʱڴ߸壬һ̧ͷͷֱֲֹ۾Щˡ
һֱŲӵô£ˣ
ҡܵͷʱ̫ˡ
ʦֵɱ𣬱Ϊ۾þͲϧǿʱ䲻̫дҲҪעݽϡ
ʦָ˵Щȫᡣ
Ͳ̫ãʮ󲻷֡
۾ͦҲͦʵǸݴҵݵġ
ҪԶЩԷڣҿ
˵Ҫϧ۾
ͷȷʵעˡ
˵ţʹӳһ载
ϴȥʱǱ߹ģ˵Ƕ۾ãÿԳԼš
ʱ˫ʱҲݼš
ﻹʱʱİܲʲôģǶ۾õģ϶ܿ
Դ˵Щ۾ãǿʡ
ҵķϣͶЩȻֵǮζҲѣȴԵýζ
ý۾ԾͶץһЩ˸ץһѡ
ʦֵ𣿡
οɣ
˵žﶪţ轵ζģóԵġ
ʦ˵۾ãԵñ껹͡
һṦΣʦ־͸оƺж˳һֹûȥžһ䵽ֱϡ
Ѫˣ
ʦе£ֻԼ񲻺ãսһ
æˮӣһͨæʦֻͷǶ
úõôѪˣ
ʦЦģһȵˮ
һṦΣٵ˲뿪
ʦһαѪ˺뿪ʱֻ÷۱ʰѱӸסˡ
꽫ʰãŸоЩˣ˿ͷһڣ̲ס˿ôȻˣͶŲˡ
>_<

ǻʱʹˡ
Ǻ«ըӶûӡ
һʲ֪һѵ轡
ͷߣã˵ˣϻҪǵÿֻܳţˮһЩ㵹á
ߺߴߴҲ֪۾ʱ̫ˣе㷢ڡ
֪ˣԺעˡ
ﻹе
Ը˵ˮû¾࣬ϼ˲ͺˡ
ʵںòˣҵҶԼˡ
֨֨ҶҲ»𣿡
кҩ
꣺
˫ԱöΣһ̧ͷȴ۷Ź㣬̫ˣôʲô֪ˣ
ºǺ
طϴϴʱͼһֱӣһڳε
ְ˵˽۾ˣô
ͷ֪û۾ء
Ŀǰ˵ûƾУҲ˼ġ
Ҳԣǵñ۾
Ժ󻹵ð۱ټӽ
ţ־ϰµԺϲ飬߲ãơ
ǼڵѾǸձֳǻˡ
ǵӣ㲻õڶ͵úˡ
ԣ¾ʱѼĵٻһЩ
Ҳ򼸸ִģʱĹ߸ȥ۾ӦҲкôģЩҲֹΪꡣ
Ǽûʱܴ˫һŮ졣
˵ȥǮԼСã㣬ɵ˶߲ǹηѩû͸⡣
ͷĴֽٺãҲȲϲǡ
ȻЩϸûʡǮ

һˮƤŵԲԲġ
ȥ˼˲֮󣬹Ȼо첻ôˣʱſˡ
ְĿ䵽ըϡ
һĿ֣ը̫ˣҲϻ𡣡
еƣɥͷ̾˿ëƵġ
죬ãܲס졣
һʱϻϳԸ̰Ѳ˹ϵ
϶Ǿζһʱûס졣
ɵЦûʲôë
ԣ¼ƣֶҩݣϱӵ׸ģ
ڻôѧ
ǣȥԺժ˸˹ȥСʣ㣬ϱʲôģ
ũ
꣺
ԣӦѧũİɣ
ôũҵѧ
ѧȥңǿųͷȥ䣿
껹ٿڣѾˣͷҲص뿪ˡ
ֻÿ첽ȥ

ΪһѾ˯ǰĺѧڴϰ˯š
յƣڴͷ˻飬ûʲô˯ȥˡ
ؼȻûʲôݣǵȥҰݼҵġ
ڶ죬ϸʰãѾţȥˡ
ﻹͦ˼ģ˳仰Ͱ˸ϳˡ
ʱﴧ˱飬˳ԼСӺͱʴϡ
¿һ۵ԽԽ̿ˡ
Ϣˣˣſ϶˯ˡ
˵ʵʵеš
ͷѽѧҲû೤ʱ䣬ɹͱīֽЩͻ˲ˣЩƷѧѼֱǾţһë
ԶˣоʵڶԲԼȥļʮӡ
һѾ°׻Ǯ
Լû
ͷһֱǮñء
£

Ǯñص꣬·û飬ĬĬضһԱ˱⼸쿴飬ҷֳһ֮⣬мû
վԱһᣬǸ˵׵ġ
оûʲô£һµ㣬ȥ㷿俴ɡ
ڵ˵Űɡ
٣û飬ûﲻ̤ʵ
ºĸ˵һ˸СĺϲǱߵңҲӸ˽ȥ
øúö顣
ͷ³ȥʱĵԴ
⺢ҲͦﲻȺͼҵ¼ңǰҲԼҴҼ޳ȥˡ
׵Ǹչ꣬Ҳ¼ء
ıһԴứһ¾
ֻûƼЦҪøһȥǣҪ⼸ֺãҾͰǶϡ
˫һϲϻᣬ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¡
һúö顣
û뵽һȥһˣæ㣬ʰɡ
µûʲôʵģʱҴ綼ȥ
ϴȥǿûʲôԣ϶ǹȥæơ
ҵľǴģĿǰһԾƷֲһҺҵľȻ۸Ĳ͡
ãҵľƾٺãٴҲֻǶԷһ㡣
򲻳ԼƷ
ҪȻԼģӹֶǰ׬ǮɺڻǿԼƷƱȽϺá

ΪȻ
¼һֱԼ̲ס˺ڣҧҪ𣿿ʲô
MDСӾúÿ
һʮˣͻȻһС͹ùˣһëͷСӸϲϡ
Ż
ͺñ
һͺسȥˡ
Ժ׵˼Ѿˡ
ڳæ㳯֡
ȥ˳ͼŮڳ죬˫ڸӴ֡
ĸһæţһߵǼҵҪЩ֡
˵ʲôɹףиӣǼҹŮʮž͵ƸҪʮӣټһЩӰˣϱȢöʮ
ʵ⼸꿴ͦܡ
һžǴ£׬ǮҲͨ˼ҶЩһҲжʮĸֱ˺֪ߵʱǮȫˡ
ʮ׵׬Ӱ
뵽ˣĸ
ԣγ׵Ǯü
ɱ˵׬öǮʤǼҶܳԿͣҲڼˣȢϱڼֶӡ
ҵҲͿˡ
³ʱðļױҲǴӶԷƸٳġ
ĸ˵꣬˳Ĭһᡣ
ӻ¶û˽ӻ̫Σο׼ĸżʮܴյģֻҪҵĹŮãǲܻǮҲ̹ǡ
ĸ⻰ǲ
λǸһ
Щ׬Ǯһ뱻ˣһ뻹ˡ
Ҿó飬һӵĴ£ǲż
˲ΪһͰԼ޳ȥˣǾͼŸϱļԲȶָһء
˵ʱϸġ
ĸԽԽ
һ¡
²Ŀ
΢΢°˵㣬Сû뵽ŻͦȰ˵ġ
Ҳףĸôá
˵ʲô϶ˣǼҲҪһϸƵġ
졣
ദˣҲʵͦ뷨ģȻƽʱ̫һڣ˵
ĸּӣǸЩ
ΪĸͲֶ࣬ǳﻰ֪ͶĸȰþȻһˡ
˳Էʱֱӱ̬ңȥʦ㡣
һȥ
£

ѧϰ
Ѳ̫׵Ķ¼һԼǽ⡣
ԷʱԴûֹͣת
üأûعζ
һ齴ӷŵʲôأˡ
е⣬벻̫ס
ˣ벻ף͸ˣͷǷ
ȴ磬˵֪̫УΪʲôǵôһţ
˵֮ģ˽⡣
е㲻УΪβܻ
ľܣͳ̣еವ˰ɡ
ðɣ⻰еǷᡣ
ҲһŮ޶һ̶
Կ֮ˣҲñš
ǹ˵⡣
죡

򸸵ô˵ʲôᲱͺñȢ˸ӣƶʱԷ㣬ˣ䲻ˣҪȥ
ֲǰ
˵꣬˼е⡣
꣺
ԣŭΪǶҪϼġ

벻ͨ
극еµС䣬ʼ
̫ĵԽĶճ͵ġ
˰ʱ򸸵𣿡
ͷ
ĽǶͬ
һֱϲܲţڰ޵ûɶӺøУܾʵ԰¡
򸸵ҽ
꣺
˵ˣȻǲ̫ͬһᲱϵô
>_<
Լ뷨˽򸸾⺢˵ˣﻹûתǺ˱ˮֿʼ
ֱˣٲǾˣ򸸲Ųò˸ߡ
ͷԵţ
µҵ˵ʲôˣ
һŮ޶һ¶
£
ָѽ
ֽŵҾǲΪʲôҪڰϡ
£ͬСܵĽ̹ͬӰ춼ͬȻˣǲ⣬Ϊʲôֱȴһ
𾪣˭ѽ˺ģǺʲô๫Ϲ᣿
Ż
˰ɣ
ɾ
Ȼ㺰һ๫ȵңܼʮͷ
͸׶԰һ䡰ӺһмС֡
˵꣬ĵܻ֪һ㣬ˣܲݳǡ
꣺




44.  66-68   +ƽ

֪ѧϰʱ뷨ͱûӹ졣
Ҫⲻ, Ǿ㰴ڵ뷨£˼˵˵ԣʹ뷨е㲻˼顣
Ǿϡƽ, ûи˷ֶ
ͷȴôΪ, 㱻˼ֱҪ̫, ֹԼڵˡ
̾Ϣ, ֻˡ
һ·ҧ䡣
˿

ǻ
Ϊʱ̫, ֮Ҳ˳ˡ
Ǽסһ
Ƽû, Ҫг, Ͳô鷳ˡ
Ļܻؼ, ʵ̫˼ˡ
µ˱ƱˣҲţæҴţ˭С¿̵ĻСţ̵ģҲѽ
Ѫ, ûɻ
˺ڣ˵ֳɵģ
ͷţй涨, Ҫٸ
һͷţʮ˫
ε˲ţϵС
긻ǿţ, Ҳÿðɡ
СţͲһ, ֻҪ, ԤСܱûǿ
Ŷһ, ȥˮȥˡ
֮һ仰ӵԼĳӣǰԤ, ȥ4S궨ûʲô

ڶҲûȥţȥȥˡ
˫ڼߣĻһ, 뽻ԽԽˣһ춼ûţĥء
緹͵Եġ
»ʱѾ80%ңٻһ죬Ϳˡ
ƹԼʱոպá
˳壬һ͸سˣ˵ǺĸԼȥԵ
һϵʱѻˡ
ϸƣûʲô⣬Űѻɹһԡ
ϲһ۹Ρ
عʱϾ͹ˡ
Ҽһʼűڡ

һգ𴲣Űȥ˽ӡ
ѷżʱ١ƪ½ȥ
ŻûϿʱ䣬١ȿ˿¡
ǰдҪ˲٣ˮƽҾÿˡ
ֽ׶εĿ֮Уȫûˡ
Ҿô˵£ô⣬Լº߲ȥ
һֱûߡ
١
Ϊʮѧܸܰѱ˵ȱ˵ͷͷǵʵԼˮƽҲ
һֱû
֣ľҪһ㣬ͻȻ͹ȥˡ
ȻҲֻܿˡ
꣺
ܸо

ΪϾҪˣǵ˽ӣǴ⡣
ϴҶҪҪͬѧۣʼʱѾʱˡ
յԾ꣬ѹδʱ
ûȥ˫˷Ϊʱ궼ûԣ˾Ͷǰˡ
ʳ˸ӣһ߿һ߻ؼȥˡ
ԶԶƼ޼ҵͣſڡ
˳ǣƹǡ׼ʱѽ
˫һ棬ƹҲϻ֪ʱֱӸһ£򻭵ͬС
µһҡ
겻ɵĶ࿴ۣһĸˣһʮϸˣͷ͹ˮģҲͦúֱ˫۸Ϭ
˹װǮ˼ҵ֡
ָƵĻһװ۵ССһŮװ鶯ûһѧˡ
͸Źɶʲôӡ
ƹ࣬Це䣬ˡ
˴к˽鷿
εʷʱõ
Ǽ£ͼϸͼǰǰ߰졣
ӰΪɽˮԻ˵ҪһЩ
ѻóȽһͼ
ֽһͼĹ˼ΪԷǶţõĶͨ˸Щ
ѡĻǺܼ򵥴ơ
мͼǺܳõģֻ͹ͼе㲻һټɫȾԵȹеڲͬˡ
ȷʵе˼
ϸ˺һᣬſڡ
˵꿴С
Сͷ
Щǧƪһɵļкܴ
ʵЩԻ߽ӶԣҪ̫󡭡
ĻȫԲȥüóĻƴȥͲθС
ô˵ȥоɴˡ
T_T
ڵĲ֣ȫοա
Щʵʵ͹С
꣬Ҷ˵ȭʵҲǽ飬ںòÿÿͿͻԼ˼
ֶ´ϡ
˵Ҳ뻯ڳɲɡòҲûⷽľ飬Ǹοֵ

С̧ͷ΢΢һЦҾ˵á
ΪĿǰûļ¡
ҪǴȥ϶Ƕһݵġ
ԣͼҲʹպˣȴܲ
СﻶϲϲذѼͼˡ
갵˿ĿǰĿͻƢͦãûĶصġ
ûԣҪľ͵ػ
Ѫ
ˣԺٽⷽĶλȽϺá
λ߰죬۾ˡ
˵ûƹ˵ʲô࣬ٱǰʮһһ
֪Էȷʵмֳ̣־ֻ֮һˡ
ԣ׬Ǯһ

ƹʱӰͼҲˡ
ûʱӦƹˡ
λ֮ûʲôе׬Ǯĸоˡ
Ҳ׬Ǯ֮
ܸտʼСôŬԼҲϺȣתһ룬ɲϺȣǱ㳹װ׬Ǯ˼Ъˡ
˵ˣʵǲǮˡ
ĨȻСӡ

үʮߵҲûˣǻȥһˣػص죬ôһѧϰʱͱѹر
˲оͷͺ
ôܹĵѧϰ˼졣
˵õϲˣʱ̫ϼӰ൹Ǹˡ
»˵ָͣյ֮󣬶дʱ۾һҲˣʱȰ컹ҪһЩ

һ걳Ű׼ʱºסչȥ١ٰɣվߡ
껹е£ȥѽ
ǡ
⼸Ҳͦæ
˶ûˡ
ƹֹ̫̫ͬҲˣԼׯϵׯͷϸϸׯҪô
˵Ҫǿˣֱ
ԼͷһЩ
ôף̫̫ȸ飬һׯϵׯͷȥæȸϡ
ׯͷׯЩͷˣණȽϤ
ˡ
һֱˣԼڸ˻
ѡ˸еķӣԼˣׯͷѧϰӴͷҵģΪؽչҲ㡣
һҪź֪ʶΪɷ˲С
ʱȥææҲͳˡ
˵»ýУˣ߽һʱ䣬޽ӹ֦ȵһЩĲ
ӦǼʮĶؾͲˡ
ΪǱߴգջһʱ䣬ϾҪˡ

֪ط֣Ѿʮˡ
𣿻ǽߣ
ʱҲ̫˰ɣ
ǰյ֪ͨ԰ڶ³
꿪κǾǰԵʱѹһ顣
µʱ䲻ʵԲǿҴ˫ȥС
˫һҲȥˡ
£
Ҿǿ
ϣ治ȥˣϲϲ㣬ѧȥˡ

˵˼䣬˽ʱ󲿷ʦֶˣƽʱץÿÿͬѧǣһ̬һԡ
˼䣬˵ʲôץ֮ģʣͼںźɽڰԵϲ֡
ʦܹ
Ѷź˹ȥ
ϲˣ
￩һٽǰʱ享Ҹţʶĺеˡ
ϲμ۲һֱͦߵ𣿡
Ϊεļ۸ߣйϵģͿʼ˽ΣҪϰ˽ǶҪץģ˽εͦãûûϵŪ
Ŀŵ
ʵƽأǸͷİ˸ظˣ͢Ĺ涨𲻵á
ʱվͦɻ󣬿ɻɻһûԶţûʲôʶϰܶʲôεһϾһࡣ
˻ǹٸ̼ҹᣬû֤ݣҪϸĸȥǶһܱߵҲһ
͸һ֣ҶһǴν˳ɻž˼ˡ
ȥ꿪ʼ͢ԱҪ
Ҳ֪˭Ǹμ۾Ӹ߲£֪ͷ֪غ̼ǱΪ飬̧μȦǮ¸ͱȥ
ǰʡѾ˽ˡ
ôһʻЩ
ⲻһ꣬ʡǱˣѾ֪͸֪ظλ̫үһ˵¶ˣŴżܡ
ǵһġ
´ʡԱʼжҲͶ̶һʱ䡣
һǴϿʼûиκ©ͨ籨ŵĻᡣ
ӣҵǸĸĸٶץˡ
˵εҲҪӰ죬˵֪ѾʼˣǺԺһλѧʿ걻ˡ
֪иֳɵģԼλ
ҪְǱ𴦵ְλⲻʽĻûֱȸˣʦֽһ͵󣬸оȱ˸һͷƵġ
ܵˡ

ͷġ
ŵˣϲ
ϲôˣǲǺܴ̼
̼϶Уǲ֪֪ʵݺ󣬻᲻Ҳо̼
Ȼڲһڱϣ˿һϵ
껹ǲġ
֪ûƽʱ˰ͱ˵ػôһӡ
ѻڸֿơ
֮¸ͦ
˵ģҲãЩ̰ܵһΣΪǱߴСǣһûţǾΪΪ
Ѫġ
һͷһһȺ鼤
ԵҲź˼ںš
ֱð亹˳üҪʦŵùģˣʦǡǣЩǲֹˣǰ;Ҳˡ
ԣȥһ£ҪҪֱ˳ˡ
ԼˣʦҲû⡣
ûۣиʱѧϰٹһ껹ܼģǲʲô
⣬⡣

ѧؼʱ˼ǲ䵽١Ƕǵ뼸١
Ҳûȥ
Ǽ˵Ǹˡ
١΢΢šü㲻ܲȥ
̫үץĿӰ죬ô˵ʱ䶼ˡ
Ҿȥ죬ѧϰһµġ
١̾Ϣ˽ϣѧ
Ǳ˼⣬⼸ú룬ϵ˿ջʱ䲻ֹҪ飬Ҳ԰Ȼ顣
жĶˡ
١ѽֱԼ׶ѧϰһ

Ҫģһ֪˫ˡ
粻ȥ˽ӣֻڼ︴ϰΡ
˳㽫տЩĵطһ֪һ͹ȥˡ
춼º˫û
˵һӿڵ˺һᣬż˱ţ˻
صֱӺȥķ䣬ȥһȦҪԴͷ֪һЩ̻
֪¹ģʱһôġ
֪Ϊкֱ̨˸˸ߣˣͷЩСľֻ۱ֻˡ
ԣϸ׷ֻ˵ЩСΥ˾Ŀǰû֤֤⼸֪֮ͬۡ
֮ȥȫƵ֪ˡ
֪ǣһ
Ц˭
˿ֻҪǣ̫߿϶׵ġ
ϱһЦ
͵˭ѽ
£
ҡͷ
֪˭֪¸ëѽ
Цó֤²
Ǳߣ˹٣ʲôҲˣֻǸʧְ
ֻҪؼǱû£ͲԼǣˣԣҪ˵ֱ˳±ֻδᡣ
˵һ׼ټѧϰ
ϱ¸˻û˵أ㼱ʲôѽ
СܾܵСܵܡ
һ죡
һ£ʲô£
ºߣǸ˵ˣ֪˭𣿡
ƲƲ죬Ҳ˵֪𣿡
ԣǵò³ɣ
ô㽫ǵҲûëã类˸
֪ô󣬾űǸˡ
Ŀŵֻ͢˵رر
ô޼ɵȦǮ
µ˵˵˭
ĬһҪô׹ݣҪôʵߺܵˣĻʮҲô
˼пܣʵʮΣԷ˵ʲô˵ʲôŷ
뵽ˣͷƤһ飬üһòλĸɣ
һѰãƵ֮ףɼڻʵĿеķ
ҪĻôͲΪˡ
£ǵ»СС»ˡ
һǱó
ºǺֵô󣬾λҲһˣԣùֻλ֪ˡ
֪أ˵ؼҸֳˡ
ɶؼմЩϵģ׶ûϹѹû֪ضȫͬԣؼҿ϶Ӳܡ
ҲóԲ˶ߡ
ټٵģ˭û㱳
ֻܰѹȫ˦λ֪ˡ
ִܰĸϣ˵ûʱ
꣬ͻȻúеӣһ㣬ҷ˲á
ʲô鶼ú͸úס
һ
ȫһġ
죬ûĻ磬ҪǱӹ˭һĺúӡ
𣿡
ͷȥ͸͸ԼΪ̫Ķ¶ţʱôĶ֪ڳ˿Ŷ裬ֲȥˡ
ԣɵЦҪҲȥˡ
ҪĻѧҵΪ
µԼ
ЦҾ治ȥˣҼѧȥ
Ĵʯ£о˶ˬ˲٣ǻģڶȥ˽ʱ١ſڵ
ˣ֡
ǰ𣿡
١յĴƸԿʼԺĳɼһֱͦȣδò̫롣
ϸһģϲġ
١ȱϿΣԾ´һ飬ҹĿ֮ٸ㲹ѧݡ




45.  69-71   ͷ++ů

Ӧһ, Ѱŵһֽʿʼ´⡣
Ϊݵĸʱ
Ļĵ֮һʵĿƾٴʡⲻֹһ˴ò롣
˶ƽʱһ
Ϊ, øһЩ, һ, ١´һ顣
߳ߴ, ֱ緹ſꡣ
ͷβһ, ѹδʱ
һȥ, Ҳû˸ͷ
ˮ, ּ⡣
١ù, ʱպüϣӹĴ
ɨ⣬١صͷ, վЩţʲô, , Ҳֱܰߵ¡
˵, ١͸˵Լ˵ļ
̬, һС¾ͻΡ
ʵϣƽʱĳɼѧ, ˵ͯˣҲ⡣
ƫƫһС¾Ӱ顣
ҲΪ̬ȣһԹ, ԽԽѹ˿ϾһԼ޷ȥ
еγһ, һϿһƬհס
еĳ岻ʡ
١˵꣬Ц𣿡
Ϊеܳӣеȴ
겻ϣҲòϣĹԱץ˵ǲǶǼٵġ
̬ȣҲΪԼǣʦǡ
ֽš
´һЩϢףоԼ϶ӡ
ЩĲ
ȻǣÿһⶼӴÿһ鶼
ƫƫʱµģ֪ơ
ԣ١˵̬Ҫȡ
һ̶֥С£ԼȰԼ±ˡ
ͷˣѧԺһע⡣
١Ǽҽǲûˣ
ϻѧ˵һ䣬ϱһţˣ˵ȥǡ
˵ٵģȥҼһ£ұ㲻ȥˣ´θʱȥף١
١ͷˡ
ʦ⣬԰ɡ
æããһȥС
ҳջ
Ǽ¯ҲȻǾ鷳ˡ
̫

굽Ҹո¯˲𣬿ʼԼˮ
˳пһ䣬Է棬ζģţζġ
š
һƣȻ١
١ЦʳУҵ˵ղĸɩӶڼңʦһ˽˲ѷ£ҸһЩ
˵ţҲͬⲻͬ⣬Ա߽š
ʳķ˰ڵϣʦֿȳ԰ɣ˽ʱʳϾͳɡ
л
١лʲôѽҪлҵͺúѧϰȡøͷø˽
꣺
Ҳ̫ˡ

ʾԼ
ÿ緹١ŮͳԵġ
緹׼ӣһ
ܾûЧֻý
һξ͵˶ʮһ
һգ˽ӵţƼſͣţʱʱĽϵĶ°ᡣ
ϲĺСëͷҲذæ
æ˹ȥĵؽӹĶ硢磬ʲôʱģһ˳𣿡
Ŷ߱ߵͦ˳ģЩҰĻ
ҩġ
ɲҩģҴ㵽Ǳȥ
ϴȥҵʱǱߵ˵Ǳҩúá
θպȥǣȽһԡ
˸꣬һĻһͿˡ
ڼתһȦҲûƼ¡
Сȥţˣղǻʱţ˵СţüĿˣǱߵţ񲢲СţҲˣСȹȥ
꣺
ԣǼС黹ѧũģ
Ȼῴڡ

ٽԣѾʼȫϿˡ
Ҳڹʮѧ˽ӣ⼸վɸϿΡ
˵ģʽһģΪߵĶ˲ֹ٣ӢǾ͸ˣԣǹ˸ԵĴڡ
ףҲûٸš
ԼǶмʿƽؿ˵ٵ¶ˡ
ԣһ뷨ѧǣٽԵʱ·ŵ˽Ӱæѧ
ôһ˸ԺԺԵĳɼ
±һֱڡ
극绹ȥ˽ӡ
ճԵǴӸǴ±ζ
ֹ⻹вˣԵ˫ֱð⡣
±źҲϲġ
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ıӺͷһ֮⣬µĲ˰Ⱑһ㲻١
ͷҲ̧١֪ǶڼûʦһЩöͷأҶ˼ˡ
ԣ»̳ӾƸ͹ȥ
һ۾
١Ǹ۾ģԲԲģЦһһѵĶ
ͷá
ǰͷ١һξƣͼˡ
Ҳǣ١õĳ࣬һֻҪһ۶ܼǵá
˽ﲻ֪жʦֵܶϲء
ϧкüȥףûӦ˵ڶﻹСҲ١
ֵΪ£Ŭܶأ
һá
£վһ𣬸һֺܰĸо
Ҫʱһֱͷȫ͡
ĿǸɵΣӣ

ԹŰȥ˽ӣ˳ѴӸز֮ĴһЩȥ˽ӣ͸١ģǸʦֵǳʡ
Ҳʮˣÿ˿ģһ߿һΪμ۶һϵ¼
Ǹû˸ĸ١
ͷȷץ֮ǰѾ˼˹֡
߾һµͿʽԡ
ԣԵʱ䲻䡣
˵ٹ̫ү͸ˡ
ʦû˵ǰ̫ү֪ǶҪô
ɽ˵ѾѺʡˣΪǷڱʡ£ʡ֮
Ҳһ־Ǿֱ̲Ĵ˹
ΪǣǸ˵ʡĹԱеǣ·ҲһˣϢٱһ̨֪ܲͷ£ԣ̨Ҳǽͷö
Իͦصģʲôʱнϰûʲô
ںδã̲֮⣬ڳ飬ڸ󡢻ʵ׼飬ЩС֪ľ͸ˡ
Ī˿
¸ģǣԽ㣬ǣԽࡣ
ô¶ؾ͸
͸ϺʹһдǰͷţʵЩ΢
лвٵ̼ңܵ˵˵ȫˣصĴ²
ߣ˹١
ȻΪǣ˻ʵ۵ĸ
ǻʵ·һЩԳΪһЩ¾Ͳôˡ
κ
¹գֹغͷԣ١ôڿһ硣
귢֣ɽɷо
ǰػͷͷǵ
Ȼ̫Ⱥ۵ʱҲ˼Ҫ㣬¸ĲıϣµĴҪʵۡ
ԥѶϵĻؾˡ
ԴȺ׵ĻôһȺǶꡣ
ѴҵĹص㶼ǵ˱ϡ
ϻȥ׼ϸ롣
ڿΣǳԼĲ֮
²侲ʱ򻹴ӱܵʶ˵ǿһ죬Ҳһ죬ʵΪЩԡ
Եʱ֪δ

صңѾˡ
㣬ȥţˣô
ҡͷô
ͷţȻֻ꣬״ȴ̫ãΪһ⺺ܿţǲҲɲ˻
˵ˡ
ԣûҪ
·ʱţ˵ҪСġ
ʲô˼˫Źȥˣţģٷѷİæҡ
żңʵġ
µͷߡ
ԷһƣҲû˼ȥڸǵ¡
Ű˷䣬ϴﺰԷ
ǰ˺һᣬ¶ûｫ͵
ôˣˣû
ʲô¡
һ䣬ˮʱЩ岻ġ
Ȼѽ
ֲãġ
ԼϱʱůǴҲһЩ˵Ƕˡ
¹Ƥˮ
ˮ˹ȥ
¼ûžͽʶľˣҪڣͼ˻ĴӣղԹ˲©ˮӲϾͺˣˮˣ˫ٸ㻻
£
ԲۣСӻ֪
͵һͷɻָȥ
ͺñʮˣҲ֪ʱ򣬲ܳģҪůȵȣ֪ůҲһԱ⡣
½ӹůŵϣȷʵʵȵıȸղźöˣǱ극˵˵ǵ¡
갥һתȥˡ

ķ˴ӹ˳СºЩû
ҡͷ˵
ɣ
Թ˫ʰȥ·䣬Եıƽ˲ֹһ룬̲ס㣬Ҫ㽪ˮɣ
ǵùʱ˵Ҫӱӣ˶ǡ
Ϊͷر󣬾ǺǼ۸񶼱ι٣˵ˡ
ԣǱرСͷŵҲ࣬һûԳһ֭
ʮӣʣһǡ
µ㶮ûͦࡣ
ɪü˵˭ôģ໡
ٳȥʱûķ˸ˡ
£
ԣСӸòǸӰɡ
ٴλʱһ뽪ˮ±ˣӸ˽ˮĿһЩ
һѾ꣬϶㲢ûжá
һʱ֪ԷҲǴԽʱ򣬲ûһԴ
Ҩһ׽ˮݵߣЦʵ֪Ҳ

óµӾ
˲̫飬ʱе㵶춹ġ
Ȼ߻õģʱҪʱΪ˫ԥû˾͸ˡ
Դһԣʵ˿ܾȡ
ӦƢ治̫ãУ̵ˣʵ治֡
࣬ôµӡ
ԣøʣ֮ѻ˾ͳˡ
֣˸⣬Ҿ´󼪵ĸо
˿¶̫á
ĸ˵£õĺӣͲܴһЩ
ʵã¶
ʱо裬г

ĥ㲻Ҹְ֣
ô衣
˭衭
ٺЦһˡ
ǳ
˵ȥ¾Ҫˣþգȥô
ȥǣ˳ġ
ʮĴӼߣʮ絽ģʮ塢ʮպԪڼ䣬ϵ˰С̯رࡣ
¾˫ջϰӣڿջǰͷ֧һС̯
ҲƣǸ·Ʒ
һܼЧӡ
ǶѵİȰײȵеģһζ֪ƺòãټ¾ơ
һʱ֮󣬾Ʊˡ
ţȥʱһƣ͸ˡ
סǼҿջ䲻Ǹ󣬵ȴ˸ڼ䣬ܶԱסټǵλòסģԷҲв١
ϰ嵱ʱҲǵľƣȷʵоֱӸ¶һ
ʱƷǾƵĻһҾ¥
ԣǰѼĴָȥˡ
ҪȥǸ;ƣֵùǼơ
öɵˡ
㣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
²ÿɷ񣬡˵ҵľƺá
ҪûʲôǮʵúܴ
ͷ㣬̫ˣ
ֱװְ֡
£

µ˵ʵûеôá
үںҵλûͦεġ
˵ǵճȴǶ̫үǼģԴ󷿺ͶЩͦг˽¾ǳҡ
үȷʵϲλ̫̫ϧ̫̫Ǵ󷿵ãݵλߣټԭĲƲǴ󷿵ģԣЩʹһͷ
׶ӣֵүϲɶûд󷿵ļλֵзȨƽʱֵҲһЩ󷿲
үҲ̫ڵġ
ȴ̫үϲһӣСС;š
ϴʱ˵ûУºƹˣҲֻʱ˲ãŬ꣬´ο϶ġ
¹ȥŵλþ͸үںҵλһϲεġ
ԭȻǼҿԳں
ȥôһˣ¸оٿ쿼ɡ
Ͼȷʵˮ̫
ͺү뿿Ѿøã翿Լ
˵꣬̾Ϣһʱ䣬ҿҪȥŵˣԣԼŰɡ
Ҫǿ
ص£һ㶼岻֡
Լ²⣬ҲӲܣϾһ˲Ӳġ
һ֣ǱߵؼҾװҲˡ
ǻ̫һ˵ؼݱֳġ
ͷ̫ү׶ӣؼǼλүֵܡ
ôݸʵϡ
Ǹй֮޲
ҲãЩϣҲǣǡ
±ȥﶢţڵãҪȥ;ˡ
ڼơ
ֻȥˡ
ͷİɣһŬġ
죬⺢һ
ʱĽģ϶ϱûܹʲôۡ
Ȼôһɵɵ
뵽ˣļ磬ͣȫϣ
꣺

µڶ죬˫ͳȥˡ
ˡ
޴Ҳ˹ټϼǰӴĹȿ֮ģµ䷽޶˾ڼ׺Щˡ
ʱͿˡ
ԼӸǴĻ쵽Ǳ߸ˣֱӴľϸȥˡ
귢ּٴƮʱѾµˡ
˽ʦǴ֪ȦǮתεϡ
Ŷ³Ҫ³ԡ
ʮҪ³ģҲڶ³һһ죬ȥسǡ

סĵطȾϵõġ
˽һʮ³Ҿסѧһլ
ϲ˼һ䡣
ĸһֱߵ˽ӵĹˡ
꣬סȥ
ˣˣסͦãʱ䣬ܺʦ۹Ρ
ĸÿչͷ
ҡͷãĲãˣһжͦõġ
˶ͳһģǮҲˡ
ĸͳԵģȻЩ˷ˡ
ʦһУʲôҲܵһʱ֪סڼڿʲôϢͲ̫ͨˡ
ĸȻʱһ̵ĺ⡣
ʦһųԡ
ڶ磬ָһŹǡ
磬һ㣬Ҳ֪˭˵ģӺá
ڵ죬³ˡ
Ȼ￼ԣҪԵĸҰͷ
T_T




46.  72-74   

ƽؽĿ, Ŀǰ׼ȷ
ʮˡ
ǰ١˾¼ȡͨʴŻһҡ
Ҳ˵, ٶ¼ȡʮʮ
·
Ȳ˵ɼô, ٶ, Ҫ90%, Σյġ
뷨ʦǴڡ
, ˳Էϲ, ҶԸ顣
١Ļ˵, ΪСϳ, ǽѧԴұȲˣֻԼΧڶŬЩˡ
³һա
еĵһ, ʹӴ
Ϊ½Ƿ, һʵʵԹ, ˭Ҳû, ȥ˻ʳ֮, ϴ˯ȥˡ
ǣһ, ĴӴ
΢⣬һۣˣ

ʦһġ
ΪοԱ̫, ʱҲûд˵еô硣
һ·Ϲȷûʲô⣬Ű˸˽ȥ
ҵԼĺŷ, һᣬԾŷôԣÿζԼ⣬һѲóĸо
뿪ǰ١˶˵
ؽţֻҪӣ˳˳Ĺˡ
Щš
˵Ľţֱ˿õӣϸϸ飬һĲŹλˡ
ڽΰԣοԵĿɷĲ֣ԵһЩͷ봦йصĶ
һ⣬̲סǡ
οɽϴʱÿ
Ҳ˸ѣڶ١⻮һЩ֣صǼǣָԻõ
˳˳ذѼֽ꣬
һžд꣬һʱΪûгԭдر˳
һ̧ͷбŷҲеıʣǴˡ
ʶߣ̧ͷһۡ
걾ܵĳԷЦЦޱջĿ⣬䵽˾ϡ
꣺
аɣҲļɣûˣͿԽˡ

ѹʱ佻ģȥĲ粻
ϲҲһǰһĳ
ϲʦģͬѧûУһ̧ͷȫǲʶġ
滹һٽŴ󺺡
οã첻
ټȶ׼ϵûʲô
걨ԼλãЦҺʦλòԶܻ࿴
ϧһȽ䵭
ҲͿ˸į
ҺʦòԶĵллʦ֣ҪԣҾ͸͸Ҷ
ɷһһֱÿΪ̫̫࣬ӣ㻹Ӧİ米ء
ɽܽǼˣټ١ģοԻȫӦˡ
ҵƿơ
Ѻ̫׼ˡ
һСԺߣһѰȥĳԸ
ͼĸŸվڲԶ֡
˫һĸãǲͳԵˡ
ɱѡĶرá
ŹǣҲԼϲ١
Űɣ
Ц֪ʲôóԵġ
ֱ̫Ҹ
ԣȥֹҪɽ͵㶫Ҳø͵㣬ȻܸŲԲȶ಻á
ӷ
˵ˮʵʲô۸ÿĸһЩ±õ󳦰Ρġ֮Ķ
˵ÿɱ٣ĸ˶ʮ꣬ڴˮرо飬±ġյģģζǳá
ѪƤһܳһ롣
ĸ͵ĶǺö
껹°ҸˣǱӷ
ĸջȥæ˴ϣæһϣһ±ζ
һ쿼ˣˣ˳꺰ȥԷ

ϲ˵ҪȥҳԷ˺ıҪҸߡ
ϣĸЦλӽҲһȥɣ밢סһ𣬰Сǵչء
εЦЦѽʦչǡ
⺢иë÷ҡ
ǰȥ鷿ʱܿ鷿ī֭ζûУ鱾ֽЩ룬黹ű࣬ܵĺСֽ
һֱΪ»˫ʰġ
ֱסһ˲֪ôֱʡ
⺢ӱ𿴳òȴ
˾ѷŪңɼܲסںͷʰ
˭չ˭סһǾǹϵõˣԣٷһҪȥԡ
Ժ⼸ѽǼҳԷ
ĸ𿴶Ҫͦϣһ쵹Ǻ˵ϲӲͷƤȥ䷹ˡ

ĸ±һ֮⣬˺˷ʳ
ѪһӼˡ
һӲɫζȫһһ໽У군ˣͷֵó⡭
໣ĺܺóԡ
һ뷹˲ٵ±ζŵö߲·ˡ
ʱĸԵģ϶
æﲻˣгԲ˶ߵĵ
ǼҾС
ĸ˵Ű׼õʳҲֻԵģЩʦƽʱ̧ͷͷģûȥҶֵ㣬ԼҵĶֵʲôǮ㻹ཻܶѲǡ
Ȼ֣ĸµĴԭͦġ
£ƽʱϲھ͵㶫ǴھܵõϢ
ר˴ƺǿˡ
갵ʳн˹ĸ˱һȥˡ
ĸãķҲóԡ
Ҹо⿪±Բġ
ȷʵʸˡ
ϴ±ζ˵ǰϵ꣬ĸĺóء

˻صСԺѾ͸ˣʦǽҲû飬һȺһ죬ͷƺμӹһԲҹ֮⣬µĶϵӡ
˵ԲЩš
һԼĴء
պðĸ׼±ҷˡ
ʳУͷѾпˣϸĵطһõϣһСӡ
⼸춼гĸĶָǴˣһͦ˼ġ
ĸ˵ˣ͸ûҾ⸽պܸԵĽʦǱ

˽һʮˡ
СԺסĹʮλʦΪԼݣֱסݼȥˡ
±ںãϸһλʦֶû
±Ҳô裬ٻ͹ȥеˡ
λʦأôǣ
ɽء
ͻ٣ɿԴ˼װ֮󣬾ͺߵü
Ҳ⣬ͬ
򻢻ֵء
֪λʦпӣҸ͵ˡ
ͷʦֵˣҸղſѾϢˡ
Ŷһʦһᡣ
˵ɷʱ˶ɽ˴Ĵָ
ɽлѽǵ⣬ʦϴθǽġ
꾽ô˵ˣǵʵռʲôðɣɷռͦΪּԵ£Ժⷽƫˡ
˵ξã
кü⣬˽ˢ
Ҳģི˽Ƕˡ

ڶ컹ÿԣҼʱ䲻ˣɢˡ
Ҫʰ꣬ɽɽæЦȥϢɣˮղŸȥˡ
һˡ
ʦ֣Ժøҡ
ΪҶĸĶ
ɽ˽ӵʱҹ۹⡣
ˮʱٶһЩ
걻͵Ķ˼ˡ
ɽʲô˼ģ㲻Ҳ˵ˣҳӦ𣿡
ֻۿһȣ˵ͷллʦ֣ʦҲϢ

оԼõġ
ϱӳ岻֮⣬ܱߵ˶á
ⱲҲ࣬˸մϣʶ˶¡
иŹпɵ׼˯ʱϲͻȻ꣬и̫⡭
ʲôҪ£Ǿﲻʵ
Ѷ
仰ʱϱӼһ仰˵ǸĸŮ֮䡣
˽⣬˼ȫһ
ϲ˵˯ȫޡ
־źġƶ
һһ

ڶ𴲣ʦѾ׼ˡ
˻еԺɽˮſڡ
ϲæˮңҪ˯ˣ˵ʲô˵
ӺˣԱٵˡ
굹ǲ̫żһ쿼ȥ̫ˣֱӡ
ʵʱ仹ء
ϴãſڵİ˼ӣ߱߳ԡ
ϲǼͷðˣӣԵģһȷʵû緹ڰһȥҭֱۡ
񣺡ã֪㵽׼ʲô
Ҫٵһٵˡ
žͷ֣·½½ҪμӿԵѧԱ˵ǲû
ſڣȻͷŶˡ
һҪļ顣
굽Լĺŷǡһۡ
ޱջĿ⣬ƲƲ죬ֵģһֱƺе⡣
ѵνġѶ

һҪ峡ÿһ
Խ棬оԽãÿοԾģұƽʱ˽ӴҪ򵥲١
̬ԽԽˣǿȥʦǶԶԴ𰸡

ԴԿʼĸÿնͷȥԷ
ϲĸȥ˶֮µ죬һžȥɽˣֻԼȥҳԷ
һ
ϲ§Ĳӵ꣬Ƕˡ
ΪһԣɽǼɷŹԾǣļʦֵǶЦѺ⡣
ⲻϾѺġ
СӻһѺһ׼ѺǺͷ⡣
ЦҲʦá
ϲҲԣ
ôá
س붫Ҳ̫Զҿֱʰʰͻؼȥˡ
ĸεûȥԷ֪Ҫȥ׼ЩЩ±õӣӺʹ޵͡
ŶֱƮ̫ðɣ
ȥ䷹˼ˣؼһô
ĸֲǸԵģɩóѽС²óѽ
˵£ĸǲҲֺˣ
ʵֹĻһĶزֲ˶٣һЩˣڿܿͺˡ
ûֹأʮĶҲûʲô
ͷԺǿ鲻ĵأ󣬿Ҳ߰졣
ͷֱ
ԣһֱãʮĶһ°ɡ
Ӧûôɣ
ĸҲʮ߰ˣ
ӸǻǱ߾Ϳʼæôɲʮ߰ˡ
Ҫ˶ֺ࣬ˣ˱Ķ
ĸһ±ƣΪ۵Щȥɣʦǵȼˣ̫ȥ·ߡ
ӦһŶҡԶˡ
ĸ죡
Ҳ̫ˡ
ϸһ룬Ҳʮ塣
ʮ껹ǸĺӣȻҪ£úüꡣ
Ѫ
Ͳ̰ͼʲôҵĶӡ
ͷƨṵ̂ϡ

صңҲպôӸǻ
ִһ
糾ͣȴ񼫺õӣ֪˲ֹ˳׬˲١
Ȼǰ׬ÿɺöˡ
Щܶ඼°ġ
гѣǰ˲٣ټضмͶ˲ٵ׬ͷһȥĶˣջϰ˵һ
סҲǿԱ˵ġ
֮ɱܽ͡
Ҫ·ˣʵȫԲøȥͻԺ͸ӷˡ
Ҳãĵǿ̫ˣԺڼ㺢ӡ
˵ӣЩᣬܿǰ̿ˣϣ⺢ӽгϢɣɱһ
ҲǶģϧԼûͷˡ
罫϶źġ
ΪĸЩӰ죬귢ر¡
Ƕ黹д֣ϲҪ̿ࡣ
Ҳ˵ϲĲŬֻ˵һԱȣĸʤһɡ

ص˸裬Լ⼸촩һǶϴ̣ͼº˫ͷˡ
˾û귢ƺ˲١
˫۸ˡ
ѵõЦЦô
˫ܹҪϴѣڰ֣û£Լ
ֹˣ˫Ҳ˲١
һˣϸһʱСѾߺôһء
ȻϴߣӶæ
һϴһߵ˵
ҸоãʦѺҲв˵ģ׼ȷ˵ĿȽϼ򵥣ҲΪ򵥣ڷĲͲ̫ˡ
ԣе㵣ģܼܲǰʮ
ҪǲУֻսˡ
µȫͺˣ׼԰ɡ
˾͵ȥǿԣûüѧ֮һ֡ѧ
ͷҵúʦȥݰݣ㡣
³ǣ㿼֮ǰûݣ
ˣ
ϲȥ١Ƕˣһʾ͹˴죬˲Żصҡ
Ҷݻˡ
ˣҲ˸ƽԸ
Ҳ֪˵ɶ
˫æǼѵǺܿϴˣšȦ͸
㣬𣿡
ˣ
ˣͷҩĻû֡
ӵͶˣǸʵ̫СҲͶʮ˼ңͳҲûˣࡣ
ʱӴҲǱߵ˸߰˰ˡ
ʵͽĴԣæտ԰
ÿѡһ˳ÿһӡ
ʵɵĻ࣬Ƕʮ꣬ʱ߽һЩԣ涼ɣµķأæʱæչӣ֮ģ԰ɴˡ




47.  75-77   ++

һһ㶵ġ
ҲУ
µǻǮְɡ
ʵ, ܶ˶һԡ
ˣժ㼸ټͷֵҩ, һļҪݵ, , æҲ
ɴտ, Ĵӵ˶Ҳ˼һЩǡ
صͷ
ǻҪȥҩĵʱ, Ҫ𣿡
ҡͷ, , ˰æš
֮, ˴峤峤
ڴ¸صˣʱٲȥ˶һã˵϶Ҷġ
ѣٺЦ, ʲô֪
µ౻˿ӼҲʲô֪ˡ
꣺

Եʱ¡
ڶ, һͺϲȥ
ݻ, Űȥ˽ӡ
ΪҪμӿ, ҵ˼ѧϰϡ
Թ, ҲѾѧȥˣ˽ʣһ١
ԭΪϾҪָտʼģʽ, ֪Ͽεʱ١һɷǵĴ˽
˵Լʦ, Щš
Ϊ˲ãζûо٣ЩһֱڸѧǱ߽顣
ʹ, صͱ١˹
ԺλװĿΡ
Ϊ˽һλڸѧţ١Ϊ£һ
ԣļ˹ѧ
СͻȻ
˽ӵѧҲڶ̶ʱʮˡ
м껹Щ죬һμӹԵʦ֡
ԭ˽Ӷ飬˵ǴӸѧģ׷תѧˡ
ԣǼҸǸ˺ܾõСԺѾȥˣ֮һȥĻţҺҺԺӡ
˽ʦġ
ǽһӴʮˣ˶ʮˡ
ģЩ̫ϰߡ

ʮһգ˽Ϣһա
һ͸ںԺæ
磬һͣ
˫ϲϲӣλúܺÿˡ
꣺
ܲܰѳúܺÿȥ
˫һ棬ʣ߹ӣߵԳɼ𣿡
˵졣
ҲͶ˲μӿԣҲò˶೤ʱ䡣
Ѿ߰ˡ
ԣҶҲ죬ʦ˵ϲ˵һͦС
׼һƤһ飬ʶľͽצȭͷ
ף߹ӽ
˵꣬˵¡
ιǸ걨ϲġ
Ƿͷѡˣ͸λˣһͷǳϲֱѡȥˡ
¹ɽʫڶ¶̧ͷһһֱչһա
⻭ʫϵķͷҲһʱɺɵеż
˴ˡ
ֹڼﱻˣλҶҲϺˡ
ϴûʱŵȥ˾͸ǮչټǮŵʵ
һ䲻ǰ϶Ҳǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ټϴʱľƣȥ֮ͷӺϲ뻭һȥĻһ̳Ӿơ
ΪλҶҲһλ֮͡
ͦá
Ҳ˵ιһĿġ
λҶǰƵģҪ¹ɽʫõġ
죬һʱ֪˵ʲôźá
СƺţƵӰ
Ʒ档
ֱһȡ
ݸƱһǱҼүϵĸлһǱҶϵġ
ѹûպüǮæô˼аѻȥˣǮĵ
ֲǷӣڸ
ˣıҼѳŵˣеĵ
οڷǰԸвԸĵ
꣺
е
˵꣬¡
ҼӳȥˣҪʱԺܻˡ
½ȥ￴ˡ
˵ǿҩֵôˣԴû¹꣬Ŷ¶࣬·ߵҰˣ뿴Ǳߵô
ˮϣҩĲ÷ѿ
ҵȵ

Ժ¯ӣҾƵζǰͷȵƺ̫һˡ
ǣһ㳢˳
ô
ǰЩ
бĸо˵ȷʵһ־ˡ
㳢
ȥԵʱϰ˹˵ǱߵľûˣҪٶһЩǱҲǣ¾¯˴׾ơ
¯ӣǰͷơ
оԼͷҲܺȳ
ƺ׾Ҫ΢𣬶ƸһЩɣо˵
ϴκȵġ
˸Ĵָ
˿ھƵȻҶѾ϶ˣһҪ־ưɡ
ͷ׵Χȹϲ˲ֵ֪Ҫ٣

¹ɽʫǱģʫᡣ
˻չ֮⣬бĻʫ԰ʣϷۣ廨ŵġ
ɵĻ͹Уͷҵβ
ԣμӵҲࡣ
м仹Ե㶫ȵ֮ġ
̳
꣺
ָͷһ̳û⣬Ҫȼ졣
Լ̳ӹװƣϰǶԼ̳ˣΪ˫ҪľƱȽ϶࣬ϰǶҲ֮ǰһ
ôһ㣬ƾҪ̵ʱ䣬ټ̳͵һǧ
ٶһˡ
һʱеԣһŵȽϼܷȸǴϣһҲԡ
Ҫһơ
ߵĺվҪϰǱߵҲڵš
˵Ѿ˵ˣʱһȸһЩ˼һλܸܲʮ̳ɡ
ҵøһǡ
ԣƾٸϣҲüʱˡ
ǵģ
뺫ĹϵģϰǸǱߵľôԷ˵ϻ
һ⻰ЦǵͦãԳ棬ܱ˵úá
һۣźʵЦ
̲סһ䣬ˣ
֪˺ҵŲɱ˹ȥ̸ȥˡ

ߺɲؿʼơ

֮ʣҲϼҳ
֪͵ʱ
ʲôҪҪը֮ģͷһĵ
һعڼ𣿡
˫һǲϲģ
˵꣬ȹ˳ȥ
껹ûӦѾԺˡ
껹ͷһη֣ƽʱ˵¶ٶȡ
ֲ˲Ҳܡ
ͷȻӭһȺϲˡ
򳤺ﳤĹٲôĴϲġ
ϲعӣȡ˵
һ˺üģһӱ˶
æͬϲͬϲ
һٴ˾䰢ӷæλүȱȲⷦ
˵ܻ꣬˷
׼õĺ˳ϲĹٲÿ˷һ
Ҳǰϲھÿ˷ǹ
꿴һһ㶵ġ
ʲôʱ׼Щ
б
ٲϲ̵غ˲裬˺׼Ҫȥұϲæٴ磬һ£֪١˽ӻЩϰˣ
ٲɨһϲ˼֡
Ϥģɽơϲ˶ڰϣõľˣͷ
˽һ³ʮˣаϰˡ
һϵõļλڣǲɵٲٴεл
ˡ
һ§סСλ
ٶˣ˵
Ҫǲ⣬׵عˡ
ǣѾŬˡ
ԳŶˣҲܲðɡ
Ź˶һġ
Цˣȥ濴ǿˡ
Ҳһȥˣ꣬һϽȥԸѽ
˵ʽڿ֮󣬿ɻԸȴ١
ţһȥʦּתһȦ˵һ

㻻µȥǡ
֪Էˡ
ɽϲѽͷһοξôǰ
ƺϴζϹ԰񣬲ζĩβֱûϣܹҰףǴҲ֡
ͷһγɼôãģǱڵʮһǰ˲١
ͬϲͬϲ
ǼҲǿԵġ
ƵȥԸǵǵͷ㡣
꣺
Ҳͷ㣿
Цʦֺ˵ȥأΪҪһԾģͷûϵ
ȻɵЦ챻ʦָˡ
˵ţˡ
һžͳϲϲѽɼŶ
Цִģ̸ˣ
ˣ
Һ˵ˣյľƽ֡
ΪǸʫᶨľƣټϺҲжʫṩԣӦȽˡ
ңǱǾ¥ԼƵġ
ԣҲԴһЩơ
Ľ⡣
˵ַ꣬ˣ˵Ҫȥｭߵ㡣
Ȱ䣬˲ʵߵ̫졣
ߺ󣬴Լʱ͵ص㣬Ҳ͸ɢˡ
˿

ԴӣͱھӸ֪οòԵĵ
С͸ֵÿˡ
òظ˼䣬صһûڣһԵ˫㿪ĵӺ
겻˼ذڰ֣Ŀ⾼ؿ£ȴС˵ɶСֻʮֵ˵˾䣬ǮҲû׻
죬ȷʵǣ
ȹ˸ԣǮû׻
ѽҪƵ¸˵һ£ȻذݸƱ˳°ڰֵԼŰɣĸԡԺԶûǮ
ʱȥԣ͵òˡ
˵Ҫ̫õģܵõóֲǡ
⣬˶òȡ˵ġ
Ǯе㷵㣬ò뵥ɰɣ
˺ôÿõǮ±
վȻ˵Ҫˡ
ͷеƮ
µİɣҴô˵Ĵȥ
ҪǮΪﲻȱǮ
ɽأǰͶǶЩ涼ǮǰͷǮټھ˺üˡ
ʽתˡ
Ŀǰ˵ﻹ㹻֧ˡ
ҪõģǾĿǰϣܰеʱ;ѧϰϡ
׬Ǯ飬ǵԺԺ˵ɡ
ôûκ롣
²⣬⣬һʮ
ϴﻹ˵ʮô¡
¾͹ţ⺢ӰѴƹǶǮһ
ȥسǿԣûиһëǮԣʵѾ߰ˡ
ĸԡԺԣЩǮҲպùˡ
꣺
ԣÿһǮȥˡ
ÿ£ԼСǰһܶûС
СʲôȻ֪

˵Ҫȥǵʱ򴩣ڶգ˫ȥҸ˵һӻʱ³ߴ硣

Եĳɼһٶȱְࡣ
Ǽ˰ı˸԰ࡣ
򵥴ֱ֣һѾذ½ҵ
١ȡѽ
԰ԭ˽ӵİ˸֮⣬дسǹļϰͬѧһʮˡ
ڵľЩϡ
ǼûϰĴӱ˽ӹѧٽ̼װ࣬û˷ӻȥˡ
ӹر죬һգ۾ͽ¡
ԵʱѾȷ
³ˡ
ÿһ졣
ʾ꣬˸ȥ𣿡
Ҫȥġ
һȥһ˸ǡ
ʵ°ȥҵǣϸȥǡ
һ˸վͺҪȥˡ
ԭȥҵΣһЩԵĻȥҵǣҪǸ;ơ
ߵҲ࣬ż߻ͨ׬ȡۡ
⵹ͦãΪһʵæټϻȽ϶࣬һͬĺֵܡ
ܲ鷳Ƕջ
ϲɽŵͷ
ֵڶǲ̫ˣ
ƵˣԲԡ
˿٣ο¼ȡȻ٣زһ
ټϻһǵԣǱ࣬Ǹ¼ȡҡ
Ҳ˵μӸԵȲμԷ࣬뿼סô㣬Щǰˡ
ұ˶ջÿġ
׵ģϰģô˺õĿջסȻ࣬Ȼһջס޵ġ
ĿǰǻûУ˵Ĵջ
ԣסõĿջǾ͵ǰҪǣǰ۸ҲȿǰȥסǮ١
֪ʲô¥״Ԫ¥һ
סǰ׵ķ䣬ѶҪٱġ
ȻǮǮٵҹͬ
ǰһ¶ˣ֮͵øǮѽֲס˼ͬñס˫ݵǮ㿼ǰȥסָǮøࡣ
ȷʵǣµʱǮҲҲס
Ƶ˼ϴοԾΪʲôҲ֪ΪʡǮȥ̫ˣסûãֻסڴ̣ͨϸ˯á
Բʡ⼸ǮˣǼһĻǿԶõķ䡣
ôʵҲ˶١
ȥʡ
˵꣬˽ӻбʦ֡
ҪҪʱʦ֣
Ǵسǹļʦֲʣ˽ӵļǲҲ¡
ƲƲ죬λǲʵġ
ϲͷسļλӦòҪǲġ
С࣬ڼֳɣһسǵһֵܺ١ʦһ
ǾˣҲŶ
˵ͷ




48.  78-80   ʦ+

, ˡ
Ѷջһ˵
ЦղС»˵أ˵ȥǾ͸ѿջ㵹ˡ
һ, ͷһů
С̫, ʲô¶ǵˡ
һλʦҪһ𶨡
, һ϶ǲеġ
û, ʱķ, Ǽз䡣
л
С˳, һ, ÿ˸, Ȱѷ䶨ʱˣٲ
Ҳãһʮ
˵ĺɰ, ӸҰѷ䶨Ǳߵд, ʱٸϸ㡣
ͷ, лл, 鷳ˡ
лʲôѽ, гϢʲôǿ
⻰˵ʶ²ӣôôŹ֡

װûͳʱ仹Сһϳ·ˡ
ԹŰȥ˽ӡ
δ˽ſ, Ƽɿ١ʦſվš
ɿЦųУ첽ǰ, ʦ£
ɿ˵˸Ҫȥͻ
ͷ
Ǽƣ˸Ҳʲôܡ
ҺǰʱŸߣĽ򻹸ֱ˸ǵļ̿顱, ڼڻഫء
١ʦֵʦӦ˵ǸԵʱ򸮳ǵĿջö°ɡ
һ֪ʲôˡ
ԴԿʼ˾Ǽô׽
Գɼ֮Ȼ˽ӿõڶõѧ
Ѳμӹһεȥˡ
ɿ˵ˡ
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١ʦ١ıֶӡ
١Ҽ˶ʵͽˣ١˵ɫ˵١ڸǱûʲôϵġ
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ԣǼָϵľˡ
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ɫһ䡣
ɿ̲סһѵ˸ĳ
Ťͷһ޼ҵ˵ôһᣬȻҲˡ
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곯˻֣Ťͷɿ޼ӵƽʱ˻ǼҼ
ɿҲ޼Ҽ
ƹһз˻ϵóġ
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˵ֱ꣬˻ȥ
ƹʱѾ̫̫
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Ʊϴεļͼһһ
м̡
갵һ䣬ϸƹ˵⡣
ӰڻǡԶɽջֻµĲӥ
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ԣͻһ۾öˡ
ΪʲôҪͻ棬ϸʸͻҪƽʱ·񣬶֮С
ڿͻٸӰڵķ񣬰æһͼ
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ż𣿡
Ѿ³ˣ㻹жʮʱ䣬Ҫ滭磬͵ѹٵѧϰʱ䣬Ժòù
ǿ϶ѣҶǸصٮٮߡ
ƹżĻҲ壬ΪҲ֪ҪμӸԣʣҪûʱ䣬Ժ꣬ԡ
꣺
ͻҲ̫˵˰ɡ
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꿴һۣò衣
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ڱ˽һݡ
ҽưףɽڵڰˣĳɼһʱе飬ܸоôʵ
Ȼͬüһġ
١пһᣬͻȻʵǰǼװ໹ҰʱһһŬѧϰΪϲͷ
ڣ˵ԡ
ƫƫҲ׽ˡ
ԵʱСԺæҵġ
ǵĹϵ͵ǶˣҸǲμӿԵĻѣسǺֹǸһ
١Ǽǰ£Ҳ⡣

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Ǳû´ڵᾭ飬֮΢ϵ
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ʣѧʱǰӸˡ
ʱɿ˸պôԱ߾Ƽ˵ġ
˵ʱŲûͣ
ʵǲܵܡ
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˵ԼѾǱ߶˸ơ
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Ҳ˵ӸǮ㹻ˣڳԿʵʱ򻹵Ǯ
ټһЩӰˣһ˸ʮʮӡ
û뵽˾Ȼ¸ͱ١ˡ

껰һ䣬١û̧ͷϸԼĲ衣
ǹ㣬Ҷһ˽ӵģӦڷֳʲôɵģ˭˭棬˭˭ġ
Ҳͦż
˵öԣûλʦ֣ҵĲǣϿʱҵŴҵλʦֵǸ
̫ǼԸĲϵԭûʲôϵ
ǽ̵ãЩ飬Ҳһ˵ġ
١ǱοˣЦļаɣǵúúѧϰ֪㣬ǼôŤҲ¶ǡ
ǣܹ˭
޷ֲ˵Ը񲻺
ǼȻԸ񲻺ϡ
ʱ쵽ˣ㹰˹ֵѧȻȥˣԼʦһ۹Ρ

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治һ𣬾ԶЩ¡
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ſʱٽ귢ʱԽԽãԽ֮ٶ
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ϼ˽ţ֪Ҫȥ鷿۹Ρ
æȥ˲ˮ׼˵ͽ鷿
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˿ڿˮҲ֪ˡ
ûȥˣ˵ǻڵġ

ϰѻ˵˿
Ҳžžʵ꣬ʵ˵ţɾܣ¶
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ȷеϢǣмǲ˽
Ҳ֪һ̼֮ŮǮ׬˵ο»ǸǱߵ˼мк̨أһѣ̫Ը
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һһʱƲסԼ޿ģݸͱ˳ȥʱԲ˶ߵľˡ
ϵףƤǳ
ƽʱھ죬Լ˵Ӵʲô鷳ƽʱǼ棬ҲֻЦһЦ
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겻ص£ȫΪԼ˵ûһ˵ϤİҲΪ
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Ƶ꣬յĲôдģĸʣ
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õǡʮơеΧκԡ
ˣ

ʦһʱĹΣѾ͸ˣº˫Ŵͷ
̫̫ҪҪֲΡ
иýɷҩĵģЩͦ
ɽѾֲֲ̫࣬ϴʱ˵ԼҪڹҩĵġ
Ρ顢ٺ֮⣬ֵɽҩͺ
ԣ̫̫͹᲻ֲΡ
µǻֶ֣ЩͷܳǮٶ˵ôˣͰæһ
̫̫пأ͵
ֻҪˣû¹ȥһͳɣԵ鲻ҪģʱǮֳɡ
ⲻʹӦˡ
ȥȥˡ
죬Ǻ̫̫Ҳˣ
ʾæˮᵽ䡣
ˮ󣬰ˮ͵˷䣬ŰѾ֪ص¸˵¡
˵ؼѾʼж˰ɡ
ٲжǼҲᱻǣġ
ҲǴӺǱߵõϢؼүӵѾپƷˣһҪڸˡ
ү˵ˣؼҴүүүﱲļλҲй
Ҫ泶ؼҲøѲƤ
˵ǼôԺգټ׼Ƕ϶൱
ʮþȣʲôصĺ
λǮĸҪһؼҪȫ˦ҡ
µһ˵˵µͱˣٳҲͷϣմǹ⣬Ҳǡ
˿Ǿ鷳ˡ
ѾżְӸš˻ƹոһӽ˳ƹոġ
ҲûƱ
ڱǮҶǾƷŶǵ޹ء
û뵽йɷݣЦҶѽ
һ롣
Ǯĵǲ٣ɼ;Ӫȫġ
ǰͶҲûõ˶Ӳǣм˵ģѵ¸æˣͰѾƷʱӯͶóƣҲ֪ǵ׬˶١
СһǶҪǮ͸ġ
ֵø󣬡ǲ̫ˣ
ʵʲôûɣĿǰ˵ƾԱǻ׬Ǯ
ԺǲҲˡ
µ࣬ҹʱˣҶǿСᡣ
޿϶Ҳøɷݵģֻռȶٶѡ
ֻվſɵЦȥȥ




49.  81-83   ѧ

Ǵ˴̼
ڶ, ˽׼˵ɿ˵Ǹʱ˳
룬ˡ
ôһ, ֵû, ̨ʶˡ
˸ڲˮ, ƺɽҲڡ
١֮, һλİ, ģʹ, ӦҲλ֮ġ
껹, ˽ӽѪ, һλ
ϣ١һܣԷȻѧһλ
˽, Ϊ߱صĸԾ̫ү˵, ýǰʮѧ顣
һࡣ
̫үÿʱȥѧ
ͷֱ, 졢˶һ, ֱӶԷ￴ϲɫ
ͷ, ĻھͿȥѧ, ϰźסʽϿˡ
ֻһĶɤۡ
ͼʲôɻ, 촽
̫үزһ
˼˾Ľʿ˵ʱǶͷء
ںԺʱѽʵ졢ġ
ѧʾԸܸܵġ
˵Ŀ, 궼ˡ
ѧʿĿΣֱƵġ
ϲظԻؼ׼ȥˡ
ϲ˵Ҫȥѧ飬ĽĲҪҪġ
˵Գɼһʮˣһʮһ
˵ֻǰʮȥĽҲĽˣȻĳɼͲôһ

صңһ˵
˫ֺʲŶհӷ˼䣬Сȥķʰ
˫ĵǺ
Ҳû뵽Լлȥѧ顣
ôһ䵹Щ˼
ѵõĿһ䣬úѧȡԵʱȡøõĳɼ
ûһ߽ԼϴƷװСһߵõĳɼ룬ֻ˳˳˸Աɡ
Ȼͷ
꣬ôǫԼĿꡣ
ٺЦĸ±ķʳ
۵ЦѧָͦĿʵ֡

ůͣϸʰ£Ϊ˷ִֹһ硣
࣬ȴ٣ôһӿŲ󣬵ͦصġ
Ҳͷһˡ
ȥѧ飬Ǹ¶⿪ĵеϲ졣
룬ǰԭֻȥ˽Ӷ飬ܸصĶӡ
ظһӶͷȥˣȴȥѧˡ
ţߵˬ·߰ɣ
ۿģȴˣ
û׼ԵģתҪȥãһסЦæˣѧʳõġ
˵ѧķ˱ͷ˲١
ÿ»вģѧﲻֹס޺ͳʳѣ쵽
ʸȥѧġ
Ҳʵס޷Ѱɡ
˵꣬ɨһûƼ¡
תԼĶźãպɽҲˣɽ˲ٵĶҳԲǸҴ㡣
һЩ͸ģҲ࣬һЩҰζΪģҶǳ˸׼֮⣬ͬѧġ
еɵۡ
ʲôû
ԵֻɵƣԼҪҪȥҵɶϡ
ЦȻ˶ˣǿ߰ɣ֮ǰܸϵѧʱ˴ѧ䡣
˵ܳϽĺ⡣
깾ˮ
ͼ˼̳Ӿ˹
˳ֱݸͼݳĳһ̳ЦԼľƣòá
ԴӾŵζˣղŻ١ļƵģһȥ򼸽
ϣûţ˾ͰѾˡ
Цˣˣ
µҼ๫Сա
˿ȥġ
ֱ䣬ôжССôʵѽ
º˵꣬㽫ʣµľƽ꣬õҲ˵ˡ
ʵ㻹ô
ͷʱʮңʵһٶʮȥԱҪĻ֮⣬»вء
°Ʊָ˻ȥ
һѾظָ
˳ɽȤ᲻ߣ
̧ͷͦأôܡ
ͷһôʱ䣬ϸһ㣬໹жʮĳʱ䣬ʮǲܻˡ
Դæ¡
ȫˣͷ˶£±ճǻ᲻ֹ˻ˣڼ飬ƺֻˡ
뵽ˣЩǼҵƺ˼Ƿġ
ɽҲû´ȤԱߵʱסһ䷿𣿡
Ҳûȥѧ֪Ǳߵסôġ
ЦѧǰһСԺÿһң˹һ
˫һôã
ȴѧҪð
΢΢Ц

ͳˣ˭˭һʵҲûɶ
ɽ֪ʱôţ
ϷͲ̫ˣô˵ҶһСԺסţһ۹ΣҲ㲻ǡ
ɽл
ڳһѣʵĿĵضǰ״
ǰʮȷʵ٣ȴͬѧسǵġ
ƽؾôһ֮أͳҲû֣سǹ໨СʱͬѧֱӰ߶
µ߸ˣһ˽ӵģһ˽ͬѧĵطһˡ
˼ı磬ÿռһ䡣
Ŷֱסֵڶ䣬ӵĲɹá
ɽռһ䣬պڡ
ͬһ꣬ͣͨͨر󣬳Ҳߣվһ𣬸߹Ƶġ
;϶Ŀֺ˵
۾ִ
һʲ֪ͽ꿼˵ڶ
ˣ
ұʦֵһΡ
𾪵ꣿ
һ㶣ʦʶң
Цǵǲǣǰɼ֮˳¼һݽǰʮ¡
ͼ¡
ΪĿӺȫһ˶Ŀһ¡
ȻʱôʷЩǷףȴرãٵҲѰ˵Ҫ⺢뷨епգӣָһ󵨶Ŀ٣ֱӾͰˡ
ͷǳͬĿ
˵ԼҪѧʱͷһ뷨ǣ챣Һסһɡ
ⲻүˡ
;ĲͶӡã͵Ȼܸ㵽Ե¡

ȹ龪ȣǺ͸һ󲽡
Ϊ磬ԼǱʰˣҲ˳ʰһ¡
ɽʱͼͬݵСϵǡ
ɽ
û뵽껹ʶˣ
ɽˣ˳˽һ¡
ʹɤŵغɽź
ԣɽȥʱ˳쵣һͬ͡
Цʦ˻Ǹ˭ܺϵ
ɽ˺ܺá
ôһüһǰˡ
ס
ñ΢
緹ʱ꼸ҲŴһȥʳá
ѧѧ࣬ۿȥҲʮ
˶ʮ֮⣬µĶͯ
֪ǽչˣһ£Ⱥһ۾Ϳ˸ͷܸߵ꣬ʦǰһֱ̽ӣ˵꣬ʦܣʲôأϲԵ𣿡
ͷЦѽϲʨͷ
ڼ˫Ҳϧ̫ζ³һЩɫ֮⣬ҲǺܻᡣ
ֻްѷ˳졣
˿ײ֮ļҳˣаɡ
ʦֵҾ֪ϲѧķ˵ġ

ˣΧһ
֪ȥ˽ӵġ
ɽʦ˽ļλʦֹȥģ
ָָԶӰ
ΣԷʱһ仰Ҳ˵ֻܿżӵĶ
ʦһʦֺ½ʦʵȣϲû£ʵҲǵġ
ͳǣһǽء
ɽҲˣ˵Ҷȥ̡֧ģ̵֧Źϵ֮ͦ⣬µƺѧ̫顣
ǳ¡½ˡ
ղ棬Ƥûһ¡
ԣɽãѧ֮䣬ϵʵҲûôá
˽ӡ
û֮ǰҶһС۷ƵģһˣɺǼ˹ԣûļλʦǵĹϵͲôˡ
ʦֻﻰ⣬Ŵ̶
ѧɽǵ˵ͺ
ɿҲòȥ˵١ֶ١ʦˡ
ɽϸһ룬ɲǣЩ˿ʦֵܣʵ϶Ǿ֡
ŷء
ͼϵʦֹˡ
Ǵźһ۾ëʦֵʦܣһλ˵λʦѽ
˵ţ۾꼸ɨ
΢΢һ㶣ָָԼıӣʦֺã𣿡
λʦӦûԵ°ɡ
ʦֵˣ
걻һͷ¶ˮ
ʦЦǺڰ˵ģ̫ˡ
Ȼ˼Ǿ÷Щûʲô
ôᣬҾ뷨á
ǰҪôԼ⣬ҪôԼͷÿԾʱЩ꣬ټ̫ã̫СֿͦѾ
ǻ˵ӡ
һò֪á
˵ѧҪԵǰʮͬѧ顣
ʱ԰񵥳Ǿ֪иģһ˵ɲôպýҲ
ǣλʦ־ʶʶ굽׳ʲô
ǲԴ˴󡭡
꣺
ֻ

ǽһһϿξǿԣ˵Ҫ˽ǵԣһһ
ðզ࣬ѧ̫ˡ
˽ӣʮ˲һ١üУ
굹˸
ѧҲӦ˲١

ԭһֱãͷľӶֳİɡ
Ϲ֪֮ⲻֳģõĻӡˢ
ƽʱǵĿͲˣһ٣ǻӡˢٶȲԼ죬ͷ⻹Ǻܽġ
Ҳеطܱġ
ѧҲõǺڰ塣
ʦ˵ģڰ˺ܶѽ
̫ˣ
껹˵ҪùԣƺڰͲˡ


ĿǺѡ
ɨһȦҲмλʦֶˣλϼ顣
ǣҲŹһ飬˽ˣѾӸȥ
ճңͼһСҧŻԱ̽ͷ̽ԡ
Цǰһ䡣
СҲ̧ͷʵ壬ǰһ𣿡
壿
걻ƺһ¡
ŵʲô£
һ
ã
С
ԴҾ塣
Ƿ绪ţһӾͱСֺˡ
ߺߣȻʲһ¡
СصͷƨߵԶˡ
·̫죬ֻÿ첽СưƵĲŵѧſڡ
һ̧۾ͼĸЦӯӯſŵĴү졣
ˣĸЦŸүܣŮղģԵĵء
үʧòЦЦ
ĸָСǡ
굽һߡ
ʳУͷסһůһĸͶιóԵģֱ̫ˡ
أ
ĸǸͳԵġ
ʱ˵̫үǰʮͬѧѧ飬Լ³ڿΡ
պþǰʮ
ĸһѾˣ˵Եѧ
жˣĸҲûˡ
ĸʳеݸ»˵˹ǼҵĵҲһˣǰѾ˴ӣʱ䣬ͿԵͷˡ
ԣʱ䣬Ĳ;͡
ǣȻᣬСҴЩ˸
˵꣬Ŷ˻ȥղСߵ·ʱ·ֲһôһżԽԽƫ
꣺

תԼСԺʱǼѾˡ
ȥʳóԷأͷ󺹵ģɽôˣʲôˣ
Ǽˣǻ˺һᣬѽտصѵ㶼Թˣ껹û
Ĩ˰Ѻ˱ˮ˿ˣʱҲ·ˡ
ˣ
һҪȥſڸĸͲأʦǵһᡣ
˵꣬һ˳ȥ
͵ϵ·𣿡
һҭ˵ϵãɸղƵʵеΡ
ֻûͷɵɵЦվŵ˹ȥ
ͺЦҾȥһ˰ɡ
ɽƵȥʳô򷹰ɡ
˷ֳ˳ҵſڡ
ͱ߱߸ô·
ؼǼǷӺͷӱϵֲ
궼ʵ˵ʵڵģͷķӶò࣬ÿӱϵֲҲ࣬ϲŪЩС·
ôһưƵЩˡ
͸һȦ··ԶһЩǺüǡ
˫һһȥʦִһ
ͣ
Ҳ̫Ϣˡ

Ҳ·ĸȵҲе㷸ֹ
ʱ߸˸ˣĸЦŰʳָ˵˼䣬úѧϰ֮ģ뿪ˡ
꽫ʳдһ죬ʱһϤζ˱Ƕ
ϴӷĸ֪ˣָ±˲١
ٴȷԼĸĺѽ
ԺТ˳ĸҪġ
±ӣЦĸá
ǼңҲϲˮ
۸˲٣Ҳر㣬ϲľΣϧղУζе֡
һԲһ
͸ղ꿪ôһ£ζʱƮõǣ·ʱʱĳǿۡ
ЦǰɣԵʱĸ͹أʦǶ˵ȥˡ
˳Բ񫣬ĸЩ
ʦϲʲôһԵ㡣
˳Ͱĸ˺ü飬ʳ˻ȥתȥʳá
δߵȦ׼ǵһ·
Ҫټǲסֻܻ¯ˡ
>_<




50.  84-86   

굽ѧĵ, еڴϷ˺һᶼ˯ţֻұ鿴
һ, ͼ͵ķҲˡ
ʹͷ̽ͷ, ٺЦʦ˯ţ
ͷ, ͷеӲ
ȻǼͷ, ֪ΪʲôǸо̫ԡ
пǷ򲻶, ͷڴϰԷλȫ, ǲ̫С
, Ϊ̫ˡ
ʳõŹú, ̵С
Ҳóԣرζ
˲ٵ±ζǣס, ھرá
͵Ҳ˯ţ۹ΰɡ
ݹ̺ӹ, ˱ŽտԵĿ
Էʱ, Ҳ˼䡣
ܾò, ϾЩ, ˴˿̣һͻͻ, ;ûͣɹͻͻ˯ˡ
ͺ˱ˮɤӣһŤͷ, ˶̺ˡ
ĬĬˮ£꣬ʦ, ط˯ˡ
Ժ˺ԵǵǵҪߣͰ˸ͻ˷䣬ڴַ˾ţ֮˸ãϱ뿪

ڶͼ;ήԹؿ
ϻһţôһ޾ͱˡ
ǣ̽Եؿڣʦϴȥ緹
ĵʦܣұ캦úÿࡣ
кܶ໰û˵꣬ھ˯ˡ
ҹû˯һͷǽġ
һʦ֣ˣ
ܰɣĸˮȴϴرɾ
ǵǣһû˵˯ˡ
Ǹ˯Ƶġ
һеڨڨء
ʵоԼҲ˵˲٣˭֪һڣ͸ϷƵģһһӣŻͼֲסˡ
͵˵Ǹһεѻ˵ꡣ
ϴ˰һǵ졢һȥʳá

ΪһԻ
귢ѧķǲҪǮóԡ
Ȼ˺ãŬѧϰľͷҲ㡣
ȵڶ뼦ʱѾʦŰӱ߱߿ȥ
ɽߣˣҲȥɡ
ѧĵһ졣
˵һ̫үѲ֮󣬹ڿΡ
ҪݣѾдڰȥˣȥҾԤϰһ
Ͱ͵ɽߺߴߴһһûأ
˷̫ɳˡ
ɽˣҿɲˡ
˵껹ˡ
ûͷְ˸ˡ
ɱҭòᣬһӣһߵżҵ㡣
˵ֿ꣬ʼϵ⡣
Щû³
ˣͲǲߣ˾ûˡ
ذ꣬˵û˵꣬˾ܵܣһƣ˶ˣͲˣ̨ϿһۣŲӻصԼλϡ
ն˹ڿΣҿ԰Լʵдڰϣÿֻ⡣
̧ͷڰϻ⡣
Ťͷһɽ
ɽ˼ػӻ֣ʧʧ󣡡
ҲΪǶҪ⣬鷭˰죬ôԽԽ֡
ͷ⣬߶λʦġ
һᣬûǰ
Ҫʹӵһſʼɡ
ڵһŵߣ˵Ŀ˹
һզôùʵʵվʵһûá
üûвĵطȽһ⡣
꣺
һ˵أô۸ˣ

վûԴͷƵߣֻ㼺Ҳܹͬͬѧ̨ʦģһͬѧҲһͬѧǷһ߳Ķ
˿ЦУһͬѧģ
Ȼǰеѧʦ
ʱûְࡣ
üһΪһСѧͲôǿܼͬѧ˵Ͽβ˯ллˣʦƫƫϲһûش⣬Ͱͷġ
ȥֹ
Թ̨ϸ⣬ŵһڱ߾⡣
ô˵أе⡣
˵Ǹγɣֺھӳʲࡣ
ʱʧһ뽮͢˵벿ܲˣ𷴿ǰˡ
Ȼ߳ɹһԭӡ
ˡ
һɹ͢ȥƫƫЩ˲ˡ
ΣѵʱǶȥˣΣֻô˵ĺ£ʱܵÿ죬ջʱ
ȥɣ
ǣ˫ʮ꣬˭Ҳռ˭ʵ꿴Ǳľǿ
Ϊģոɽ֮Ǳ߻֣ƫƫȥˡ
Ҳص̣ȴˡ
ɼҼл֮£ܱԭ״ĿǰǱߵľƺ߲㣬Ǿȴ㲻
˫л̲ͳһ֮ơ
ԣı߹ؾЩ΢ˡ
Щ߻ʱʱĦ

ô˵
⣬ʵʵе
Խ֮ǰھҸô꣬Ҳû
˫žۣʵǶ
Ǻ϶Ϊһ˭⡣
Ҳǵˣ˵
죬ѧðɣֻһ
ʲô˵
ĥţһݵӰվ˽ſڡ
ҿĿ⣬ôŲ˹ȥЦˣ
˵꣬ͻ˻ȥ
Цæղ۱߹֮ƣ˵Ҳñǻۡ
꣺
ѽң

겻þӡ
ֵܣΪĸŲ⣬ƲĶ֡
˰ϡ࣬Ҳû¸Բȥ
ЦѾ˵úܲˣĿǰĿԣϲ⡣
ǰЩڳҲǸ㼺
࣬һȺ˶˵üʵ˼Ҹ㣬ս˭˭ѽ
ȷʵûʲôʵ϶ԿǴˣһӵ
òװѱϳȥˣҲ˵ģֵ֮ŽᣬʱҲס
ԣ˫ڶҴ
ǲһ
ʣ˫
϶ΪһеѣҲǲܡ
ԣ̫Ҫˡ
Ĩ˰ѺصԼλϣ̫ˡ
Ժ˭һ˭ȥ

˳ھѧϰھǾҴ֮һ
ԣ˽ʱ򣬺ܶ඼ͦкʵʵġ
кܶණûģ붼ġ
ֶֻͣ˺дֱ֣ðִˣٵƴˡ
>_<
ϻȥʱ˵ҪЩɶ
һͣ@_@
겻˼Ϊ˵Ķص㣬ҼʱЩֲ̫дֱܿķŴˡ
еֻ֣ͬģҲֱ档
ôһ㣬ֱ뱾Ƶġ
͵ٿɡ
ʦֲˣ
ҴǶ˷⣬оо
ԣȻ˶˵ˣպڰϵ⣬ڵĿļʼСҲô鷳ʱõĵط
챻ҭˡ
ʦ֣̫صˡ
ͻشȻһⳭ꣬Ǽһ
꣺
ʦˡ
ʹǶԾһļ
ļԴ˳ģм仹¼дúܺõ£ҲԴͬдġ
˳ַ˼ҳŵλԴ𣿡
С
˭뵽⸴ְ֮󣬱ʱץص֪ˡ
Ϊ֪ûοԾˣҲ˵ڱһ죬ֿԲǺܴ
꿴һ꣬ʦ֣ϵѽ
ʦͬš
仰˵ʦˡ
ϵڣЩչ˵ġ
ȻĽ㣡ʦֿ쳭ɣһ
ǣҲɣҲ
˽Ĳûã۽Ǳ˲٣һ
˷ͷж
ĥīͼŸʳ˽Ц̫̫հʳзŵúӹأ˽εʱЩӵʱѾˣⲻƼҺһҵľͰҸ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ĸ˵ˣٸͳԵˡ
ѧķ˼ҪǮرóԡ
û뵽ˡ
ʳУһֻ
滹㹽ľ֮ģһζ͹˿ڿˮ
ʦһɡ
˵ž룬ưɽһʳ
Ƶÿζ㶫಻˼
ʲôѽʦҲûٸҷֶѽ
Ƶι˲ٵĶʣ˲٣̫̫ȥɡ
ܵȥɽϲɵġ
Ҳûƺɽ߶жĸʹһ̳Ǽ
ֱװԱ߻ɻʳУЦεǲ
Ƶȥذɣһ۹Ρ
ҲЩ˯ţҹʱͼŵƣһһĵ˼š
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ĸ˲ٵĶ㼱ʲô˵ʳзŵͷǶͳ𣿵ڶͷʱٻ
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ĸ֪ͦڷܣһΣѧķٺóԣ϶Ҳû͵ĺá
Щʦֶ˵ôãȫԿˡ
ĸһԺСӣҿûʱ俪ꡣ
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궼ˣұӣֻ⣬ʲôҰζĻҲɱ
ԣĸȫ±ãԼ
ÿҲ±̫࣬ΪҲɱ
ټµľҲܷҲš
ĸСӹĿ࿴Ц治Ƕģôһŵ޷ġ
ͷһͻЦҾһ˵ҪǾ̫ۣʵԲôġ
۵ǲۡ
ϴûϱ
϶Ȣģϴ׬Ǯ֪վٲˡ
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˵ˣѧķĺܺóԣ
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Ҳͱģˣ⡣
ٹһʲôġ
꣺

ԵʱѾԺˡ
ѧҲˣٹ͸Ϣˡ
Էʱηżزȥ
ͷָ˳Ҳż٣
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˫ſڴ˸棬ر񣬻һѧġУԷ̲ס࿴ۡ
ĸҪ׼ؼ
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51.  87-89   ؼ+

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Сëͷܵûͦ˺ξЩ߲ˡ
СϲģԽԽȣƤҲʼܡ
˳ֱ㽫˸
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§Ŷ׵òˣĹˣϲҲûĻ
ɩȥϢɣ
ﻹǴ˶ˣҶŵˡ
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ŷ֣Ժ¯ӡ
һʲ֪ڳ˸Һ;֮⣬ԼһЩƷżö
ټҪǡҵǺͷǣǱߣ˵һ¶ֻȥطɾҲ
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ԣԺһÿ11·

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ԼˣҪȥ㣬ͷ㡣
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52.  90-92   +Ϣ

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ү֪ԣϣڸ֮Ϊһһ
գ
ԣôͷĹΪʲô
뷨ղࡣ
үЦˣЩӣ˵ۼԾ͵ȲƬˣ׶ӦȻǸ˵ģõҲٺòⲻ𣿡
꣺
ʲô˵ˡ

ү˵꣬һԸġ
벻ɡ
ǻ֮Уĺ䶯νС
ҪǣɵΪһ壬Щûκһ¡
ʵҲûΪҸԼļ֣˭ҲϵͷֻûκϵˣŸôһ¡
һһ;
ܻô
뷨봴ǿǰġ
֮ԷֵôϸΪ˭ռͷ
ΪԼ˲
ôһǸɵĴһǾӡ
ԻݻΪҪֵǰ
Էܾˡ
ڼɣû
Ļɣӽɲ١
ȻҪУҪǿˡ
үԹʦҪûʲôĻȻȥˡ
ڸǻסں¥ǾͿԹˡ
˵꣬ʹһָ
ôʱ䣬Ϳ϶ȼˡ
˻̵ţػѧȥˡ
ᣬȻѾѴĳʳԺСȺˡ
ƺɽҲ˹
һ۹Σһߵ
ţ͵òĸǶ˰ɡ
ǵûУȥ˻̣Ծͻˡ
ɽϰҪ
ҡͷǵûУи򻭣ΪʱƵ֮ˡ
ɽϰҲû
ʲôʱˡ

ʹǿͿ⡣
Ƥִ࣬ϧôһ·СһȣƤѾôˡ
ҲܿһƬرóԡ
͵ˣҼңҸ
һ߿ȣһߵЩʦģ
͵ţҴСͰԡ
ΪԣڼŪ˸¯һĶΪľǿл֮ģ󻹿ͷóԡ
˿⣬˼ͷ
һĿ¯̲סˡ
ȫԿˣû뵽ͬݾȻô
ֱǱƾٵĴ

ǽĿγǰʱûʲô
ֻ˽εݣϸЩÿԵĶǸпĿôһξ͵µס
븮Իаʱ䡣
ѧѧϰʱҲ˽
ʰöʦ֣һߣǻؼ˽ӵͬѧһߣ
͵˽ӵͬѧһߣǵټ
Цסס˰ɡ
͵ͷô֪棬ڸоҪֱ𣬾ȻЩ᲻á
͸оۿеܣӰӺ
˸Ҿȥ㡣
ͷʦֺˣ
ˣ

뿪ʱֿһѧ
Ҳ֪ԹܲƵȥҼҺȥ
ϴλȥû򣬺۰Ͱ͵˺ü죬ΪȥسǶˣܴóԵģȥɶҲûС
ʧС¶ûô˯á
Ҳȥ
ȥĸ˵Ҫؼˡ
ȥʱëͷûǰ쵹ǻˡ
ڼΪľǽһضϰѳװãһȥǡ
ΪҪ£ʱһ¡
ԼСŶȥ
ģСϲԵģűŰһȥҡ
Ѿ׼ˡ
¿Ժſڡ
Χ¿תȦ磬¿ģ
Цһͷţȥˡ
е㿪ģô˵Ҳгһˡ
Ƶ¿ӿͦģҲ
˲һʦȻῴ
ҼҲСʱˡ
Сʱݶɽģ¿ʹˣ˲ûȻ
ߣĸ˵һұһϳ뿪ˡ

˳Ҳûš
졢ˣ۹Ρ
ȫǲ岻ϻණ͸һû˸˵˯ˡ
ӣ졢˾˳Իؼȥˡ
˼ſڣԶԶƼϲſ棬¿ˣ˹
ֿſֱѶӸ§ϣԽ۰Ͱ͵ؿ꣬غһ䣺øˣ
¿ĵĵݸ͵ܵġ
Ŀĵллø
ϲСȶ̣ܹҲźһ䣺ллø
۰Ͱ͵ضŵġ
ȴڻȥٳԡ
СƵģ̲סˣ˵Թϸߣһѡ
Ŵ˸ϽؼȥòԵġ
һ̧ͷͼЩįؿԼҶӡ
ȫûһĿ⣬ŵĺϲ˻ȥ
ѳϴĶжŵſڵСֿתʱ꣬лл㣡
лʲôѽӦõġ
ǣ˵ĵ¡
ô˵ء
Դףû˵Ц
Ϊֵ˳ʱֻ˰ꡣ
ϲŸ޶ˣŲѴӷϣȵȣЩ
ӳĸ߶
ټϾãƾʲôӸ϶ϴ
£ҳճüȮ
ҲǺȥЩ׬Ǯ׬ö˵㣬ƽЩ
̫ƽҲûá
ϱĽ׬Ǯһҡ
ֵܣ׶ӻá
Ҳ̫׽⡣
׽㣬Ҳġ
飬ҲܱȸϴܵСǿ
궼֪˵ʲôָͷεЦЦСܿóԵģͰѱ¸ˣ
Űɡ
˱ߣ£γһЩϢ
΢΢һ㶣Ҫ˵磬¶ˡ
дˣ
ҡͷǵûУֻ˵²ˣΪԼĶͷ˾΢ġ
ԣǼ˸ˡ
ټؼҴдȣǱ˹ϵ˻ȥ
һܷŻȥĻһ
µǶЩ
ؼܰؾȳЩȫƵϡ
Ѿˡ
һңҾͱǣȥˡ
˳Ϊǣ̫㣬ڡ
ټĸһ޻ʵ۾ˡ
һ˽ﴫԣ˵֪Ѿηɱˡ
һʱеɵۡ

ؼʱ̰
ܳưͿϾԸ⣿
Ϊ˺ˣ±ǣѾˡ
ԣ˵ף׵ġ
ɲɣϸպþˡ
꣺
Ľһ㶼˿ġ
ʱ˵һ̫ģû¶
굹Ǿãû¶
ؼֳܰȥܰȻȥӿ϶Ҳù
Ǽӡ
걾ͦõģһ˵¾͸оʲôסһ
أԼԼǼϵֵܽãûʲô飬ҲûõѰһеܡ
ˣԼҺãڱʲôǿ
ձֳǻᣬӶѽҲԽԽô
˼ţͣŤͷһϰǶˡ
ЦŴк˵Ƶġ




53.  93-95   ɳ+

Ѷź, Ժæװ공䵽ʱ˫
һ², ˫ֳ˲١
С˫, ʱ, ӵİүģѾȥԶ
һԶ, оô
˫ܰ
ţе̫, Ҫǹٵ, Сܰ˸, ܳ, ⱲӴδ顣
ԣǳõĸо
˵ˣֻúñ֣úѧ, һиĻᣬȥԶĵط
õķ羰
Ц, ͸ˡ
˫΢΢һ, ЦҲô˵, ͸, ʲôһ߾ߵУ
ùĽġ
˿ܲ˳§סϵļ, ҽгϢˣҲܳ档
Цš
ˣ
꾪ϲķ֣˫, ƺˡ
˫СıĸһЩʹ, ֱѹô꣬õķչǺõġ

ڳĥһᣬŹѾˡ
ʣµ˫һ˾ܸ㶨
һ£Ҫϸǣʰʰ¡
ϻͷһαôʱЦž֣ȥ鷿
Ϊȥǿԣ»ѣټϹõһ㹻ˡ
ʱ仹һ˫Ь
µ£֪Ҫˣʰˡ
˿ذڴͷ͵һ£вʵĵطСһ£Ҳʱ䡣
ͷһССƽ
ǰ´ͷһȥصĹصġ
ϵѣʲôģٰġ
ףʵУֻǶ·ݹԵʱһ¹ȥˡ
ѧʱ䣬Ȼæѧϰ
ѧķҲóԣΪѧϰټʱѧǳ߻򣬻˶˶
Ȼû⣬Խʵࡣ
ѧÿһӵĲأ͸ڼˡ
ԣͷеգͷߣԵòеƮƮζ
ϿɵЦЦǱǰ˲١
ؼҳһڵ˶ʮΪ³ղУԸҲôƽʱܶԸͶԸһڡ
ʱ棬ϾöӼֱ˴Ƶġ
Ƽݡ
ǰˣȴһо
ϵЬӡ
갥һҪЬְѽŸ˼ԶЩ
΢΢һ㶣ЦԼӵģԱˡ
꣺

ЬϽš
ĸӺЬҲܺʡ
ϸһ촩µĶ
ǺЦʵڲĸ˵ص¡
һ룬֪֪֪
ǣĻصͻͻ˳
û¶
ΪϻῪģȴžžµ
һ㶣Ǹ˿ˣ
ӣһŵǾǼСⱲӲס
꣺
ԣѹ飿
˼ʵϣ

껹ʱżµġ
ţһȥϵļ˼ңǼֲѵǲ⣬Ҳһѡ
ʱһǮ
֪Ѿƣʵ̸ˣ
µͷ̸ˣһȥ١ңԭ١һյظǱ߽Ʒ
ԼԺǲˡ
¯ڶټһЩҪݷ֮ģȫŲˡ
Ǳߵĵһ£Ķ߷֣Ŀǰ˵㹻ˡ
껹˵ʲôֻܸĴָ
µմҶڣǳ극СɣҰС׬ǮͶǮˡ
ϴ˵Ҫ˵ɷݵ£ûκ顣
ӵҲȥ
µͷմҶ
΢΢һ㶣Աߵ۾ùãҲȥ𣿡
ȥѽ
ĺٺһЦϽͷԷ

ȥԺˮˡ
һȥ鷿
ѾҼ˵˽տСĿģҪѾƷĹɷݸһ¡
ںڰͰ˵֧ˡ
ǰڵǮģûûơ
ԼǮҲǲܣٶȿ϶Ķࡣ
ԣһĹɷݵġ
Ӹ˵һ˻ֵôʲôһ룬ԾǷһ
˭֪½ž˵Ƿˡ
ԴƾͿʼæˣԣӦҲһЩģʵۿ̵ЩԪ϶һ
ռıȲ2%
һ1%ϺҶϸ0.5%
һôѽҡ
˵ˣһ˶зݵġ
΢΢һЦµľҵģԣֻҪúøɣǵ׵ʱ϶ᰴֺġ
֮ԣʱֺá
ΪƷҪᵽ١ǿյˡ
ʱȻǳʡ

СῪ꣬ұæȥˡ
һȥԺæơ
Ӵȥϴ
µûߣ꣬Ұŵô
ǲǸҵ̫ˡ
࣡
Ҫ㽫šˣʿ˴ٶķֳһ㶼ࡣ
򣬡ȷʵࡣ
ϵҲ˸ο
ϺҸĸģҲǾ˼ǵġ
궼ԭװռ˼ҺӵĿǣܵøɵĵ²ǡ
οϻҸĸʵˡ
һֱߵˣҲ̫ˡ
һ׬һǧÿҲֻܷ5
Ŀǰ˵ǺҺϰǶһߵľƣͳһǧ˵ǰִһ
ÿҪżˣٽļ;ơ
ľѾˣ൱
ԣʹˣǾƷ0.5͹ϵˡ
һϰɡ
ǣ´ӿʼƣǷְһģŵԣɷʵҲ֣Ҫ뵥ɣҲǲܡ
ھͰѹɷݷָǣǰѾƷԼģҪûʲôӦò¯ˡ
Цһ룬ҲһֶΡ
󣡡˫ֳϣŶͶʡ
ͺñȣ鿼ƾ٣ǽͶʣƷĹɷݣȻҲͶˡ
꣺
ðɣܱäͶǿ

Ϩ¯ӣ֪Ѿȥͷ˸լӡ
ھסԭס
뺰ȥ˯СëͷͷĴ
Цƨһ£ϴûҴ
ĵͷղϴˡ
˯ɣҲȥϴϴ

ڶգ첻ͱϸˡ
ΪҪţϻЩӣġ̵ģĺͲˡ
ߴԵġ
Ƽ˹ʱŸ
ľƣû취̫ˡ
ҿԼ
ţ֪֮ͷĳʵ̫ġ
𿴵ݵһžڷ絲ģСϣСسرǮˣϴĶǳ
ƽ
˵ûϴĳӴ󣬵Ǻöˡ
˿ˣʱûֱ˶ŵѹȸС
ϲʶôãһ֪
ЦҲǽеġ
ʡվȽŸˣĩʱպƥŪƥǼҸĸһƥһƥ
ĺҲֻս˵ˡ
е㣬㱻̭
ⲻȥǸպϡ
ɽ˵սƿֿ˼ۣȻһƥҪߴëɫҪ
·ƶر˧
꣺
ѽ
ƿһƣ̲סԲһ䣬á
ɹѽ
Ȼƥëɫģǰһ֡
ǱǼټġ
㻹ʶ
ͷϱӻѧȥء
ԣԴ˶Що
˵ⷽĲܣһ䣬һ

ǵǲһ뵽졣
ټһľƣ·ٶȾͱƽʱһЩ
һȺ˸ϵʱѾǵڶʱˡ
ͷһôʱǳ˺ıӣɰ˵ߵͷ͡
һͣſ·ˡ
⼸Ҳûö١
һǲԵĶˣ
Ϊ·ߵûϷ㣬Ҳûҵĵ꣬·һƾɵС˵㶫
ûһõġ
꿴ء
ɽ˵׼ҲˣȽȥˣ
£к
˼죬Ҫʱ˿ˡ

꣬ЩһƨȥǹĳϺһѣ껺һᣬ˻ߡ
ֻø޻Ƶģһŵһš
ϲźƵݸСȷݺ󣬼С¥
ǡʱʮǰ͵︮ǵɿ
¥ߣ¥һϤƹ񣬴ƽ꼸˵û
ƹЦⲻ¥ȥ
ƹһŤͷͼ꼸˻վ¥ϣЦǲǡ
ɿЦӭʦܡʦܣǿˡ
һɫûɵؿ
ʦ֣𣿡
˵Ťͷ¥
и£ȥ˵ɿ˵꣬ע⵽ϣʦôˣˣ
еˮ
ǻ˵ҸʱиʦҲǣһǾй˵ˮҩûã˾û֧סȥˡ
ʦܣƽʱ˸ģô඼Բãôμӿѽ
ɿ;ûͣһûҲĲ
ڲеġ
ǿʱ꿼ã͸ˡ
һľе
ƽʱܿƵĽվͿƲסˣʲôͻͻܡ
ܵҪôƱƣֻԴøһʱû죬һˣѧ߰㣬һ˵𣿶ʲôʥ飿

ονΪͬбҪô侮ʯ
ŤͷһɿͷСġ
˿ʱ䡣
¥ġ
һѵƵѵɿͣ¿˹
ɿһס
Ŵ뷴Ѿƿ˽ȥ
ɿһҧǽҲҲǡ
ջȭͷ˽ȥ
ǼհѶ£һɿ֮ղԣͷͻһ¡
ܵˣ
ϲɶҲûܣСһˮ
ԵĢʲô⡣
ƳԵ١
ǲϲĢǾĢ̫࣬û¿ӡ

ԭΪɿ˸ûȤҲ뿪ˣϣһʦЩҲһʶ֪Ӳ϶Ҳ̫ãιҪ㣬˵㻭Ļرãأڸ¥һϸ¡
šüܲˬؿɿ԰ףЩ߷߲ƽ
˵ʱ̲סʹ̵ֲ˹´ģһ㼦Ƥ
Ц˵һúãʦִȥİɣ
˹ˡ
һ˽ģͷάԼ˾ˡ
ƫƫͱԼ˵ӡ
˵СѾȺϲӹҶȲ衣
˳ݵϡ
һһձӣûãֱӰѲŵϣɿ˺ڣߵ̫ƵˣһԶʮȨƵ˵û˭ţ
˼ʲô¹ɽʫϿĻ
ʱҸպڳ˳˵һ䣬λҶʶҵһλʦܣԵ
Ǻлʦ֣ʦˡ
뿴Цûʡ

Ĳ裬úöˡ
ϲҵſպȥˡ
ɿ㻥ֱĥʲôôһλʦܣǸ˻ء
Ǿ鷳ʦ֣ȥλӣڽȥ¥Ҳֻƽʱһǲλд軭̸ɽˮ֮ԼʱɡϾǿԵģɱĩˣ˵Բʦ֣
ɿ˼
ҧȻˣұ㲻ˣʦ㣬Ҳ֪ʱܺɱ𵢸˿ԣǿǱĩˡ
ɿ˵ֱ꣬˦Ŷ
Ǻһˮˣ˵ģʦǰˣô˸Ƶģ
ǰ˿ڲ㻹ǵСʱ򾭳һ𣿡
ɽݣº㣿
һ˽ӡ
ٺȥ˼װ࣬ɿҰ࣬ıԶ˿
ֱǰԣɿ˵ˡ
ȥ˽ӣɿĹϵɺ˼װ࣬ϵ½˴˿Щˮݡ
ɽ˭Ҳ֡
ҪԶ꣬ͬһˮƽǡ
ƲƲ죬ǲǹˮƽôͲͬһˡ
ɽ죬ļ磬ˣһȥéޡ
ɽ⻰굹ˡ
ɿϵǴ鿪ʼ
ɿžãôҲǵʦ֣ȴôѵõġ
ٺ˹ϵٶȶԳɼ֮
ȥѧϵֱӽ
ʱ򣬿ܴУԲŻɿɣһǲҵĴ
Ȼʵϡ

ɽӲϲѾѴˡ
岻Ǵ¡
Դ֮󣬵Ի˶£Ϣܺã⼸עЩʳ
˿ͦãʵ϶Щˮ
ɽ֮ԱȴأһǳԻ˶ӡ
Щˮ
оЩ˷纮Ƣθҩû¶ȵ㽪ˮ
ϲҪȥץҩͼһҩĴˡ
Ҳдôûʲô°ɣ
û£Ϣöˡ
ŷλ򶼸˳ȥ˻
磬жˣ
Ӧÿˡ
Ǿͷֿˡ
Ѿ͹ȥóжԼȥҽ˸
ⲻûϡ
˵Ҷû£Ҳ
ûʲô£뿪ˡ

ͷһټ岻ϴ֮ͷ˯ԺıϲѣһҩٴʱѾˡ
һԴӴ춯ϲԺۡ
һֻŴڴϣһֻţͷڱϿˮ
ЦʦֹȻȡĺã
·ʱͷûϺÿջҲֱ࣬˯̣ͨö˵ͷ˯
Ҳǡ
ϲѵ˵ʲôţ˯Ǹ




54.  96-98   +ս

ʰŴӴ
Ҳϴ, Ϸ˵ԣȴˣʦֻϴϴ, ȥʦֺʦ֡
˶˯ر, Ҳ֪λʹô
ȥ˸, ϲȥ¥Сˡ
ûƿ, , ƲŰŸ, 궼ʰ׵, žʱˡ
ʦ˯ô
ûô˯á
ɽҩ֮, ˵õˣʱֲˣһ˺üΡ
éںԺһȥ, ôһڣһ϶û˯á
û, Ȼɽȥˡ
ʦˮɣ
˵Ի˶, ҶЩ֢״, ҩ֮, ˶ˣƫƫɽɫ
˵, ɽŶӺߺ¥ݿڡ
첽ǰݣƼˣصĺȦ, æ˱ˮ
ɽ˰ֵУڲܳԶ
ºˮС
ʦ֣ȥ򡣡
Ƶͷ, ҪˣɽҪٲãоͰ׷ˡ
ǲꡣ
ǸϿӣ˺üģٳġ

Ÿϲ
ϲˮȥʦһϡ
ϲͷһ
æˮȥǷ䡣
ٶȿ죬ջԶһҽݣϲǴĴͷûʲôˣһס򻹼ǵǿġ
껹Щӡġ
˿˵һ¡
Ŵһ·Сܾͻ˿ջ
һĹɽŶҪ¥Ƶȥһˡ
ͷ
Ѵý
ʦôˣˮ
ûڣϲһ£Сʲôûء
˵𣿡
涼ˣ϶Ҳ֪Ǹʲôˣ
ϲͷߣ㲻ǶҪȻȥԵ㡣
ղȥСͽ緹͵˷
ϲһۣͦḻġ
Ϊ˷ݣҲͦ㡣
Ϊȥ˵ߵķֱζֺãҲ˶ˡ
ȷʵǶˣֲߣһᣬƺɽûСźˡ
еԾôˣ
Цͻһʲ֪Ҳһ˸ǣձƣҲԼʱ䣬ܵ㣬̻
æʲô̵̲ģһѧϰ϶ˡ
ЦǿһΪˣԣԼʱ䡣
ͷ
ιԼʱ䣬һķı
īϺõģ˵úõīõıдͨīвࡣ
굹֪Ҫǿɡ
˺ģƺɽڻˡ
ɽ¥˫ȶʼӡ
꼸ǰġ
ŵϣﶼûȷʵˮ
ǰһλΪʲУӼ˱أû졣
ÿ궼С
еǱ·Ⱦ˷纮һ͸׳ָ֮߰㣬ɽĲ
üͷͻͻֱ
ɽ죬ɿ˵ûƭˡ
ǣе࣬ʵûʲô⡣
ǼԳθס
򣺡
ǿ˼ҩȥץҩ
·ϻʣܷõ˲ʲôģһʹãⲡʲô˲ѽ鲻ܲµ䷴ҪΪã⼸ָֻ࣬ܺ
꣺
ָɶ˼
ץҩݸ꣬ûᣬﲻҩסջ㣬ǼҲ̫ҩ
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56.  102104   +

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ڴؿԼʦϣܶ˵ɶүĿ䵽Ļϡ
Ϧ˸ûȤ, ίʼ
үĻֿ˿̲ס̾⻭, ˵, ȴֲ̫񡭡
ִ󵨵ɫ, һûеġ
һϲڰ, һʵף, ˵ʷһɫȴʮֳ
һϧ˵Ļļ١
ѧҲǰʱȥ, ˵ɵġ
ˣ
лҪֱ˵
үЦʵʲôɲɵģĻҲǶõġ
ϦҭòӶˡ
һ, Ҳܲʦǡ

үĻǰ֣ʱһܱͣ߻ˣ԰ѻҽ
˵˵ţһ߹ӹһ£ɫãôģ
ǽϣԼҵ¥Ҳյʱ䣬ͻˣ˵ɫʮ׼ȷɫηͶҲߡ
͵ȡģҶҲĽ˼䡣
˵꣬Ⱥһ̧ͷͼ볤ʮֺÿ˽
һϣˣͬ磬ͷһμôÿˡ
ͲСˣǶһվ͸ʯһ۾ȥˡ
һʱûס࿴˼ۡ
ٴκڣΪʲôǸеѽ
ء
Ϧˣеίһʦ֣
꣺
ְ治ˡ

ʦЦźʹҴк
үԶʦӡЦ޶Ҳˣô˵ʦҲڣ
޶Цʦûֻҹơ
үʲô

Ļ¹ɽʫϻβ͡
ֹɺ÷ɶ뷨
Ϊɵĵ̣˵ûʲôɵˣԼҵϣ϶ȴӾϱ߹ٶҪ첻ǡ
οöԷ˴ԼҵĵߣǼֱҪ̫
޶Ϧԣ˳ȿҺİæһ£˵˵¡
ܰ£ǸʦǿʦҲǳˡ
Ҳüǡ
˭ϵССʦܸôһ
ҲʦڣȻ׼Ѫɡ
޶డүֲ˼˵Ϧš
ֻô˸
˵ʲô֮ǰǶͻȥôǾ߹ӵĻ
үߺʲôʦ̳ʲôͽ߹ӵĻЩʫᶼϿˣǻ滭ѲҰֲɣ
޶ף֪ˡ
˵꣬ĵصϦһۡ
үҲûôǰţ⻭Σ
޶һ۾ͱɫˣҲǾ⾰ͦ졣
үɽ
޶ȻƯ̻֮
үã˭úá
޶Цʦ˵Цˡ
մϱߣ˵봫˵е߹ӱˡ
Ϧ̲סҵǾã⻭ʦֻĻЩ
ү΢΢ЦԼã
ɰˣʦֹѧҲжʮˣܱȵġ
Ǻǡ
Լò̫ãǱôڮ٣е㲻ˡ
Ҫڣ޶ݵúԣСһͷʦ˼ô㡣
Ϧӵͷȥˡ
޶Ž߹ʦһȻ֪߹λ
һѡ
޶
˲òࡣ
ȷǳе㲻ҵͷ˼ҶɷǵģƵģָ׳
ûǰָ֣ʱļʰ˶֮ǲ̫ˣǿһһ롣
Цʦֺã
޶пһ߹ӿᰡ
СʦܻСء
ү⻭ɲɣԿó
ʮܻģǼСʦϦӡ

ϦٶȲ졣
Ļоˣſꡣ
˵Ҳ˲ɫɸһȣɫеѵ
λУλϦʦ⻭е
үΪʦؿڣҶ˵Ӧܿ˭ʤ˭ˣ˭˭˰ɣʵɣֲɲҪҪء
ͬǻľľһ۾;С
Ϧɻ˵ë֡ԡ¾áľɫͲЩ˼ˡ
߹ᣬ˼ȴףҼ߹ǰĻһ֪ǳˣ⻭飬¾ã࣬ʦⶼ׷ġ
꣺
޶Цλʦ˵ˣҾͼ˵һ°ɡ
κ
޶Ǵӻ뻭Ͻġ
Ҳ⻭㽲˽㹻ʱ䣬㹻ֽţ߹⻭һĸɽʢˡ
Цʦ֣뻭Ϧµĸɽϧһʾͷ֣ʱ仹ֽţյıī̫ƪԣֻøıˡ
޶֪⻭ܷ񡭡
ʲôϷ߹ӸһѾܾˣ⻭˵ʲôȵýϷ򡣡
ү˵꣬Ҫѻߡ
ϦѾˣжԼˣȴȫһߵˡ

ϦȻ´ر졣
ǻûصջѾˡ
˱˵˽ڸ¥ˣſϷأϦܵһͿ
˼
ؼҵǶ֪ؼλಡ˵ʮضүĶӡ
ǵضүĸǵá
ڼﲻţӵ˶ϰΪˡ
ÿһ껹ӡ
ؼҲƽ˼ңضүүӡ̫̫Щ뿪ģشүһ뿪ʱ䵹ǲ
ؼҲͨ˼ңҿܻЩǱңǻ˲١
ϦɺүСӣСʦ̵ѧľɵĻ
ʵ벻ͨϦĻȻƴꡣ
ؼҵ˵үˣүĶЩѡ
ɿ磬ʲôأ
Щ棬Ļѧģ
ɿҲ֪
ǰȥʱƹΣҪġ
Ļü۸൱ˡ
ͣĻǶͦϡ档
Ҳȷʵ֣ⷽ˭ҲȲ˵ġ
뵽ˣɿͽסЩ꣬ľԽԽԶˡ
Ҳ֪֪ʶʱҲ̫
ǿڴ⼸켫ΪĬ١ʦֵʦ֣û١˵ĻǸ˭ѧģ
١ʦֳؿһۣ´ȥˡ
ɿԶˣСʲôڻǵء
ԴϴδϦҹ֮١ʦֻ˷˺ܴƢ
ֱϦߵһ֪ϦǱϴȷʵµĻơ
óžҪѸ˺ˡ
١ʦֿϷƵ˵һ䣬ˮƽǶʦܰɡ
˭֪ϦһƢ󣬸ܲ䳰ȷ̧ž١ʦһţҧҵĻòãֲﳪ˥
١ʦƽʱ˽١Ĺϵ˭ӣ˱˽ѵҵʱͦ࣬Ϧ
ȻϦ˶࣬ͯʹϦ˸ˡ
ͷ˿˲Ըˡ
ΪϦɿġ
֮ᣬû˹㣬űѵĵ͡

ɿڸء
ɿʾã١ʦֶԺϡ
ɬټϿջʵûסĵط١ʦͰȥˡ
Ѿ˸˻
ĵ߹ӺλʦʱӦûʲô°ɣ
룬ͷ
ү˵ˣ϶飬ͼ
Ϊڿջ㣬ү˼黭ӣʱʲôС
Цóÿ߹ʦǣÿڼѧΣҲܺߵλѧʦǹȥЩ
ߵѽλʦֹɣĿηǳ˼
ȷʵͦĶ
ݰǶĻ洦֪ж١
Ƶ̫Űɡ
ĵᣬֻϿΣʱ䶼ô֧䣬һܺߵܻʦȭţʱ򻹻ʦǹֲء
ҪĻ޲ڡ
ύ궼֪ôأպýȥǼϿΡ
˳ָһºͺߵĻ
ǶлĹӺˡ

Ųɽ̲סһ
̫ˣ
˵ԺԻһʱ䣬ǶȷԼܷ˸ԡ
ЩȻǺ󻰣ʦΣǼֱҪ̫ˡ
˿ĵؽ˿ջ
һŴҾˢˢؿ˹
ǸղųʱǼ˵ʦ֡
סʱȻһ࣬١ʦִϣջ˶֪
˿̼ټϦ¡
ʦǱЦǴк
һλʦֵʦ֣ʱܷҲһҲĻ
ЦԵģ
Ԥһѽ鷿һء
ңʦܱǸǮģ
һһ䣬ò֡

¥ͲˮС¥ϼǱΧм䣬Цλӻˣ
ЦСкСЩˮ䣬һ̧ͷͼڽ١ʦ֡
һơ
̧ͷ˹ȥ˫һۣ١ʦֳ֡
˵һһȥˡ
Ƶ١ʦôôˣ
١ʦֵߣ
زģͻεˣǴӸ¥ûǱ߷ʲôʹˡ
С֪ϲ˸¥顣
١ʦֱסû˦뿪
ڿջţһһģꡣ
򱧲ƽģָָ˼䣬ˣû뿪ǻҺúģᶼ⿪ˡ
ʵϣԳɼû֮ǰҵĹϵõģɳɼһ˲Ծľͻɱ
ҲϲûûεĲơɽм䡣
١ʦһ߰ˣϲһ
ǣ㲻֪ߵýˡ

ʦָò˵ĻλӵĻöˣףǰİɣ
ϾϴδŵĿ
١ʦɫһ䣬һۣߵһ˵õȮ죬㻹ֻȮأ֪˸ʲô
ò
һƢã⻰̲סҪʦ˳ܵģǲ˼ǻҪ۹أûʱ˷ѡ
˵ˡ
꼸Ҳվ
Ĭת뿪
١ʦĥĥһʱûסΪԳɼãǼȥѧ飬Ժò𣿡
Ʋõػ١ʦֺǺǵ壬ƽʱôչǣ֪޲ԣ޲û뵽ǡ
ͦҪûôҪġ
۸ƽʱ̫ˣûˣŵɡ
մڣƵ١ô١ʦ١壬ʱʱǵ鷳
ƽʱҲδʦּƽϹżͬţʦֶӣǲɮҲÿģʦأ
ʦֶЩʲô︴˰ɣҶ֪Ƥ۸ԼʦܣҲǰСƢãټǰͷӣʦҲôߣչǳܣλӴ򱧲ƽģҲûʲô˵ġ
ʦֻҪĻذɣǿ١ϣֻЩû
ƻδ䣬ջˡ
ûסֽкá
⼸ʦֵ֮İҲͦǣĵġ
Ϣô󣬴һһ˵
١ʦֱ˵ɫһЩʦֵЦڿ̧λʦֿ϶Ҳֲ֪㣬Ю˵ĶҲ湻˼ġ
Ҫ˵˾Ͳøӣ壬
һһ䣬١ʦֺ޲Ҹضȥ
ֱĶӡ

١ʦܺ꼸Ҳ˷䡣
һţҲ̲סߺߵǾͲÿһ졣
١ʦˣȻԼ֪ܹˡ
ϲҿġ
ϴǶһ£١ʦְӴȥ֮û١ʦֺɫҪÿջ˸ߡ
ļλʦһ˵˺ûǸڿջ
Ҳˣѧļλʦ־ΪǵԼʲôģҲԶ
Ǿ١ʦֹǺͺá
Ǻͺõģ߹ݵġ
ɽʲôԶˡ
ͷȷʵǣΪš
ʦֽţƻˣ
ʶô꣬ƽʱģٲ˳ĵ£ûˣʱֱ
ɽտ
ʦ֣˵á
ưڰ֣˵꣬Ҷе㲻˼
ɽû鹲ŶԣҲֻǸֶӣǶӡ
ͷ
ˣǶŶͻȻ
¥ͦ󣬷ζҲԣһ̲ŪĻڵģټ˶࣬Ϧʱʱ˵䲻ŵĻ
ûôԷڸڸźһʱ䣬ˡ
˵ߵرóԣҪóɡ
ߣһԵ㳴
һһУһĲ
ϲϲغ¥ȥˡ




57.  105-107   +ͼ

¥ʱ, һۣ١ʦѾȥˡ
ôһԸԺͣ
ǵǡ
ڵ·, ԺԹ, ʵ޹ؽҪˡ
ֻҪͱ, İҲá
Ѳ˵á
Ӻɰһ, Сٷ
С, Ц˹, һ, Ҫ, ߶˿
ѡ˸
Сȥˣʦ֣ǲ˵, ȥʱһ𣿡
˶ҵȻҳǮˣ˵ˡ
ƺɽ˼Ҿ治á
ס껨˶ʮ, µ˵ǶǮʲô, ʵЩԵĶ, 
ǿջٱ, ÿջͲˮģұɡ, ʵӣû֧Ŵסһ¡
˵һһ»˵ùȥ
ٷҲƼˣӾûˡ
Ҳһ˳ɡ
˵, ʦǻᣬ˼ҴѸҩġ
ҩ˼ҲҪǮġ
οǹԸ˼ҽǰëǮϵûС
ʲôѣץҩѵȵЩ, ɽ֮껨˶ӣҪǮꡣ
ֻһ
ʲô
ɽǲֻһѽɽȵˮǾ͵òǮء
ҿԵʱôÿ˴˼ǣ˵ǱȴͷЩû㡣
Щɶһ˳Ǯ
ԣŵҲûѧϰãĺܣϾԼ׬ǮĬĬİǣǼҲѽҽǾ¥رá
ЦϰǮҲܸɡ
˭˵ģ´ԺԣҸ˵лҵġ
걻ؿڵӸˣˣС㣬¡
ſʼܸ꣬ð
ΪûʲôǮһЩҡ
ɽҲǣʲôȵ飬ϲŸɡ
ƽʱЩһϲ̧ܣ˵ʱûŻˣҶû
˵껹§ס˵ĸ첲ϲ˲䣬ɰĻˣһѽƿٺЦ˵ģҪǸŮľͺˣ
亹զ˵ǸŮģ
ߺƣһҲԣ˳˸ָ
꣺
ҳ顣

˳˵֮⣬ƹһ£ʱһ˶ӡ
ƹҪߣ
ǵǣǿǴӹ
ƹЦĪżģҲûϵǶ˵ˣǵסѧǹ˸ԣΣסŻݵġ
˰ףסȫ⡣
˫һôã
ƹˣҲմմϲǡ
˼¥ΪǰףһӾȥˡ
˫صͷתһ룬ˣǳסȫ⣬вл˵ء
ԣڿջϲһ
ƹӿɲô˵ֶ˭˵׼һõԸ

Ǳƹ񳹵˵ˡ
ΧӳԷʱС˺Сơ
߳Ա߿ĵƹ˵ˣϰǾŻˡ
ǲ֪նǮ
ϲע⣬ھƱﵹѾ
ȵеΣһѾû֡
Ȼˡ

˾̫С
ҲûҶȣջȥҲѧء
һţܵôʲôġ
ʱ򵹻ˣҪϴκ̫үȥûȥǸ˲ġ
ûˡ
ɽҪƹʡ
Ҳֻˡ
ȵе࣬˵ɻ
ƺɽʰûطϢȥˣڴ֨֨ѽѽ˰ףƹʳ޷ˡ
˻㣬߶һЩûĻë
Ʒԡ
Щͷ󣬺üζһ¡
һ׼˸ûˣԿϲһ۵Ҫʦǳȥ磡
ϲЦŹغã

ջһ㣬¥ûסôͷһ
ǰȻʣǸ۾̨˸ܲûΧм仹ЩΣͷķӶߣվ¥Ȼݹȫǵĸо
һȦྐྵӵʦֿ꺰ȥ
˳Ÿһһѹӡ
Ϊտ꣬ҵ鶼еСҲȽ϶ࡣ
߰ĵÿڸ룬صһ˰ˮ㻺
ŤͷһƣڴѾ˯ˡ
ϲͷ˺
˺̧Ϸźãָ˱ӡ
ȫûѣʰɵϣĺУһ֮Ļ

ڶգҵѾˡ
갵һãĽԼʰ׵ˣΪżⲻһ£Ҽһ¡
Ųӵô£ⲱӲԾ
͸оеת䡣
ϲӸ˷󣬵û٣ˣϽ߰ɣӶͷȺһˡ
Ų¥
źͷЦ˺üء
̫ˣʱͰڴϣҲţһּѵķʽƽš
ҪΪһֻŹ˴βϣˤȥˡ

չǵǺĺʹ޶
޶Цʦ˵Ҵ߹ţﻭ
ͷ
үӻû֮һˡ
ı߱߸ҽܸǡ
ͷһȥҼƳСȦĵʱһ룬ʱʦǶҲ㡣
˸ǵ
سǵĿɲ֪˶١
ĵȻȲϾ飬ȴ뾩Ǳһġ
ɳ͢ģԣԵСҲģﶼҵ
ÿǶһ
۸Ҳǳ͢ͳһġ
һ꼸˶û˵
μۻͳһأأ
һ˼ۿҲòϾ˾ôһЩҶ˶棬Ҳײ˶Ǯ֪ѧϰƷʲôģ϶һ˵һ׼
м仹вٵšˣ˵طԱõ

˺ңŴȥ̫̫˰
̫̫ĻҲϲòˣ껭Ƿ͸̫̫ģҪһ
ϧҪ׼ԣ̫̫û˼ᡣ
ռ꣬˺һᣬ֪үӲˣֿ̫̫òˡ
ֱĸŮƵġ
̫̫СԺĨ˰Ѻĸ̫ˡ
ؼǺŮࡣ
Ϊ̫̫ڣԸλ̫̫йǶˣ͸еĴƵġ
ЦǼ̫̫Ѿܾûôˡ
ϴοˣʱ
ϧˣҲˣȻǼЩãܴһġ
үӽղ𣿡
游ȥЧɽׯȥˣŵܻ
ЦȤ
ͻȻ뻭һ̡

˼ѧδʼΣͺڱ顣
ǹˣ˽һ飬ſʼ
ͷһ⣬εеһ
˶䡣
ıЩһʱ͵ʱ䡣
Щδ
ԼƵĿñʼǣĬĬ
ˡ
ߺ񳤳˿ĵ꣬ε´Ĳࡣ
˼ϰĿܡ
Цҵǰϲʦˣ
ЦŹ֣ͬϲͬϲ
ˣ߹ӣ治һˣ
ŤͷһۣѾҵĴ޶졣
֪߹ӻʱܷվԱơ
ϦȻΪ̫СӰ쵽귢ӣҶվͦԶ±ʣεҲƲȻ
С
үҪǱͼྐྵӵʱѾ˴ŵüĿ
һӦò˶೤ʱ䡣
忴޶컹ûſ޶ЦֻҪӰǵѧϰҲû⡣

޶ͬ⣬ͺȥŵˡ
꼸˿һһ㶵ġ
Ǻ飬ڸ극ȥ
޶ˣʦѾ˹ӡ
ǻԱߵһСݣȲϸ¥߼ȴڸǿ˼ʮϵ꣬һֱرá
ĿѼԡ
±ۣʶ塭
ݲҲˬɿڡ
˵궼ˮ

СݣžÿˮûаǽӣǿѼС˶еĻҪóԡ
С䲻¥ߴϣζԱǱߺã۸Ҳ൱ʵݡ
ǣһСеԳˡ
극һȺ˺ƺƵߡ
үЦ߹ӿû
Եö࣬еתһãȻؿү
үЦɵ¡
ҪɣҪƼˣҲøÿջԱʱڣѻǰȥ
һʫϳ
ԣ˹ϣһ֡
ҡͷû
үЦż룡
ʵɣһûҪĸɵ£ϾҪѧϰǡ
ڲ롣
Ļɲ࣬ʵϸġ
ƹǱһЩɵĹ涨
ô˵أЩǺܽܡ
飬͸࣬볪ͳ뻭ͻûǮһҲν
֮󣬻ҪҵһһȽһмʲôڻʫ֣㻹ö⻭
ȻᶨĿ
㻹ðѻ͵ָص㡭
߰һѣͷûпݣŷسǵǣǮأοǰѻ͹ȥ
ã̫ˡ
ѹɽڣǱôѹŽҵٻ淴
֮ݿ϶ǸС¦ޡ
˵У罫ԼˣԼɡ
ֶˡɡ
ҪǲбҲС
үһ£Цʲôʱˣʱҡ
ͷ

˻̣귢үʲô׼ˡ
īҪְĥ
æأԼ
ү߹ӻûͯ𣿡
ͷҿԼͯǸ鷳¡
ǼĿǰͯ
һûסĵطûǮµӣͯĿ϶ôء
ο˽ӵʦǶԼһˡ
Ҿôãûͯ˵ˡ
үһĥīһϵֽţĿ⻮һһ飬Ҳٿˣֻվһԡ
̵ķ䣬һ߻಻١
ǾվһţֻӵĶǾǶƶ
ͣʱžԼӾȻֱˡ
ͺ䲻ͷһοϾСһ飬ȫĺüСء
ϣָһ֧ʡ
ֵıʴֱ֣ϸҿһ꣬ȻĻһЩ
ү̬죬һ񱼵ļƥ
һʱȻ֪οڡ
ԣ깤ˣ

Ҳٿ
ÿȥ۹ʱǻѾˣ֮󣬶һĸо˼ٶжˮ
εıͼõǺɫɱʷת֮䣬īĶ٣׵ĴСԶԶȥƺÿƥɫɫƵġ
ܸ̤̳ܵ
֣ԼСľӡȥ
˳ûɵĵط˼£ŵˡ
еĻЩ̫һȻĶõһʱ¼ȻٶʣԭĿԾͼСˡ
ү
˵꣬ô޶ͺ˽
үܲٻһĳ߶
ү˫һúúá
л
ֽ̺ã˱ʾͻ
巢λľЩϸˣղŵĴ󿪴ϣӺī̬ȫͬ
̲סǰ˴ա
ŷ֣껭һͷڽߵ㡣
˵Ǽ̫үȥˡ
̲סԼͷҲ֪ͷڻ㣬ôһԻǲǶͲȥˡ
գգ۾
ѹĵ׷һϸߣˮǳȦȦ
ˮżС㣬Ŷζٶȳ
ͷȴڰߵʯͷ˿
ձʱ
޶ϸ۲죬ֹһ㣬ͷϵ£ԼߵӲݣ紵ķһġ
޶Ȼ
ףΪĻܳͨ
̲ס࿴ۡ
ΪĻǻᶯ
ϸ΢֪ס
ֻԱ׭дˡͷ֣ӡ¶ûãָմӡ໭˸㡣
깦ϸ飬ŵʦʶ̵ƹװһ£֪ܺãϣؼܴϡ
ү
ԣ⻭ң

հ黹ͦࡣ
ںϿΣڻүĻҶԷɹ
ڸ¥ǷСһһӣҪġͷ˵ʲôҲ
үץӷ˰죬겻Ϊû
үͻ̵ƹѣԣĻװѷѶԷү϶Ǯ
겻˼л´ƹ͵
껭δʱ
ߵ߹ӣüҪҪȥɡ
Ϻһ˸ˣӵǸոպá
ĺЦûбˣ
߻ûУձʱ䣬ֻΪҪǱŹơ
һ˵ʵֻ˰˸֡ݲȣء
ǣһǳɡ
ѽպûǡ
֮ǰ֮ʱ䲻ÿŬС
ڸԽˡ
ָоͲôˣպóʱ˶˶ټʡ
ָؼʱ˹Ŀ࿴

̴á
ϳһӣͿ۳ɹˣע
˵λݸ߸ߣʺ˶ϸ൱
ȫշѹˡ
һ˴ʱ;ϢΣˣصջҲ۵˫ȶ̧ˡ
һ
꣬ҾԺÿȥϿΡ
˭˵ء

Ŀ꣬껹ԼȥСһˣ֪СÿîͿʼæµ
Сÿš
СڴӦϵڶ죬С֮һͷţ˯ӣôһۣҵˡ
ֱ죬СһţڿԳɹ봲ˡ
ϧܲ귢ԼȾͲԼˣȻˣȴʹֻͷĽȦ
Ϊ·ƹ죬ʱʱ˲Ŀ




58.  108-110   +

ںҲ߰ĿΡ
Ҳ߰, Ϊ˶ԭ򣬲Ǽ⻹ǰ࣬ʱܴһӼֵʱˡ
һ, Ҳ۵ֱ̯ڵˡ
ܲҲȦˡ
ٶȲ졭
һո, С, ЦλС绹ְͦ
Ϊ켸Ѿ˺, ԾС˵һǿԼ
֪, Сˡ
ϲ, ŸҪ˵Ѿ, С˵عӵġ
л, ʰȥˡ
ǰ캫ѾˣΪҾջ̫ԶǾÿܲȥ캫ҵҲˡ
˼ڸӦҲûʶʲô, һ¥ƼſڵλһϸӰ
ܴװһ۾Ƴ, ȻС顣
Աһֱ¥ݿ, , ڵһ¾վ
ǰ, ĵôˣ
һô磿
ϼŶ, е޴룬á
ֱȷʵһаãŷ
ĩ˻߶߶һ, ˡ
ЦǰɣҲá
ǲǱǰÿˣ
˵ԼսߣʵԴ˼, ˿Ҳжʮˣ˵Ǽٵġ
һΪ·ϳԺȲôãϢҲ̫á
ΪԶЩѹ⼸˶һʱݲŹء
ͷÿˣҶʲôʱûÿ
²㱻˸ᵹˡ
˵òˣŵʱӵ߼һĶһ˹˳㿴ɼΣ
￩һ£ɼûء
Щѧϰϻջʦһ۹Σ֪Ͱѳɼ¸ˡ
𣬶е顣
ǰѧ˽ӣԼʵѧ൱
Ǽλ֮󣬶˵дúм⣬Բ⡣
ڣ˽Ӵ֪֮ԼҲһܡ
ôأܿʲôѽ
ԽݣԽԼĲ㡣
µ˵񡣡
һʱ仹ǡ
ԣպһȥ
Ĭһǳ緹𣿡
ҡͷ
Ǹպãջ緹ǳóԡ

˵ĿζͣСһ͵¥ϡ
ˣϲʶȤȥǷԶ
ԭȻסĵطãԵĶϿζųһ緹Կջ޲ڡ
ϲͳɣʱ䲻ˣȥϿˣЩʱġ
ϣ
Ҳˡ
سǰĳǣϵʱ꣬ʱ̫ټǱ߻жʲôģԷָ½˸ͻôһȥ˲æꡣ
һ磬첻ʰ׵ˡ
ҪߣҲߡ

ȥˡ
λʸߵô
ǱسǵıˣԺȰʱ䣬ԼˣԣߺҲ뿪ˣԼһԡ

Դ˵Ű
е̫ˡ
Ͽʱشһʱûع
ýŹĵӣŻػꡣ
һãȻģСأ

ʲôأ
Ĭһ£ʵ
ǽվͲһ⡣
ԡԣֻǿƾٿ͵ͯԣ˵ֻҪ徭ôһ㶼û⡣
еƫƫһӶˡ
еȴһξ͹˳˳ġ
ǽſԳɼҲ⣬ôϷʴңβΣֵΣ
ʵϹˣˣֻҪ㻹μӿƾ٣ȡùͷأô͵üѧϰ
˾ֻʣµѧϰʱ׼Ժԡ
ôҲѧϰֻͷٻõһܲμӡ
˵벻ֶһΪʲôΪɼ
꣺
Ȼ˵ˡ

ôһ˵ЧʹȻ˲١
Ϊճɼžһؼˡ
꼸¿κ󣬲䵽ǰ˼ǾҪ뿪ˣûҪƼǼ
ʱÿ졢ѧʣžԼĶ̫ˡ
ʦĹ۵㣬Ŀû
ǽԺԣϷٶڿҲʲôãǽϸһ¡
ƼĿҲûС
Ҫ㲻ϷһϷĶʼǣȽ㿴һʱ䣬㿼ԺԿɵûϷ򡣡
ͷ絷⡣
ȥȡʼǣȾʹˡ
ݸЩֻϷĸ˹۵㣬ҪԼ硣
ٴεͷǰʱ¸ɽ;͸
Ц޷ѣ
̲죬ģһıʼǱõģԺԹ󡭡
ͻȻʶ⻰еԶˣЦԣ˸ԣȥСף
ЦͦãϷϲǼҵӡ

һͺ߻еᡣ
ǼƽʱϿα˾٣⼸ڵϿηΧˣһת۴ҾҪֱˡ
ԺԵʱǲּˣżʲô˵ҪţȥʡĻᣬʱָһˡ
δ䣬ɽһǣԺûѧ̰ɡ
ǼѧͳҲѧ
һߣֱʧҵˡ
񾽣û뵽ô࡭
ôһ㣬̲סЦǰѷֱ˸嵭ˡ
꼸˸׼뿪ͼүߵЦվµ
˿첽ǰ
߹Ҫȥүм仰˵
ںȥӼǰһ죬үڴׯϻˣ˲ٵ㣬ָǼ
ȥҳˡ
ͺ˽ӵʦһ˹
Ȼֻһ棬үӵӡ󻹲
˳һ£֪үѧʲô£
Цūɲ֪Ҫȥˣ˵˵ɡ
ںҴؼľƣ൱
ھǱܻͦӭүȥ֮ǰҲûʲô⡣
ʲʲôҲûʡ
˼ڷŰ顣
һҹȥװһʱеܷô磿
ΪϷأ
͸ͷһһۿԼڲڰϣһ࣬Ͳ̫ˡ
⻰궼ýӣСطһôˣټҲȥ
ԺԾͶˡ
Щ˸ûԺԵһֱڻۡ
ټǱ࣬оѹô
ʱ͸ø˵ʵҿȥú
&gt;_&lt;

үӣΪԷǿ䣬ϾĿǰǺϵţүʮֳϿҵʣ߹ԺĶ飿
걻ʵöסˣһŵӦ˽Ӱɡ
ѧǱߵʱֻ˵Ϊ˱֤ԵҲû˵ҪԺԲǣοҲȷûԡ
үӵ߹ܲںңŹССͦãҲͦϲģĲѧһȲ˵ģѧһʱ䣬϶˽ûȵġ
еɵۣ᲻ˣ
үЦϷ˵Ӷ鲻ֹ̿࣬ѧҲرʵڷܺʡ
ĽһʱԺԡ
үϣ£һСģϣܽӻ
үӵѧˡ

ҴҲѵõĺȥ˽ڱ˼ҲѧҲ¶ٺοϲʦһ£һѧʡ
뺫ҵλ˵ʵ۵ʱܸоȱʲô⼸Ըоһûۣͺ߻϶ڡ
Ǽ˳ࡣ
ԣΧ̫һο˵ˣϦǹҪ
ǰ캫˵죬ϦҪϿεģ֪Ҫ֮ϦŤͷߣ͵ߺŲطˡ
꼸˻˵ʲô
Ҫǵڶ첻ˣԵԼС
ֻ֪£ҲͷŰˣʱͻؼȥˡ
Ǳ˺үӡ
ʱͺſڵ
游ǲ
Цǵֻ֪˰ɣǱȽ벻ҡ
ţֻСɡ
ߵʦ˵ʵԵģҲֻʱķֿȵԺʱͶ˲ǡ
ͷǵʱǼ

ǳһٷƼҲȥˡ
ûȥĸ¥ȥүǳԵСݣ˳̵ƹ̳ƺһЩɽҰˣԼҵĻ˻
µ⻭˭Ҫģ
ǰûļ˵װѺõġ
˭ҲûҪԼҼġ
չһ̫㣿
꣺

ʱѾϰˡ
ɵڶ𴲣泳ֵ
пЦк
һӴΪǿջɶˣܳȥһеʦִҹȥװ
ñֱӶüëˣȴδԼ֡
һ̬ͱˣ
޿ЦЦʦ־˴̼ġ
һͬĻѾȥҽˣѾϰʦ֣һҲˣֻԼͬû˵ĵطȻᡣ
ҽջܿ͹ˡ
һȥֵֹͣ
ڼؼѨƣλʦͻȻ۵һ˳
ղŷһҺҽУһʱ߶߶߿
һᣬλʦֽ궼ʮˣûʮҲ߰˴ˡ
ÿζ˸ԣ֧飬İĶѾˣһΣôҲˡ
˭֪û
ʦ˵޵ӡ
һʱɡ
Ҳ֪ΰο

վһᣬҲҪʲôæתطһȥ
ͼԶʦ֣ļʦܹϲѽҸղƼˡ
˵˴Ĵָ
أʦһɱ˸Ƿϲǹ
ʦֻδ䣬ﱾעšʧķ衱ʦǣŤͷʦһҪͣǴϲ£
ǿջȥװ˻
ֵҲ
ղŶЦ˿̱λʦѣ׷׹ϲ
֪عֵͬϲͬϲ
ʦܹˣҿûôõôҲմմʦܵϲһһٹء

ǰŸһġ
Ҷϲðס
ֱ˼ûվˣҲŷӦ
궼֪ˣҲȥɡ
ҪһȥƵģ걻˱ϲˣǻûעء
ϲҪȥʦֺʦæ
һ˱һϲ͵ú޻֮
Ƶõģȥɡ
ϲ˵һҲ֪ûǼ˺һżſڣһžƼͺԼ˽ӵͬʦ֡
λʦһ𿴰𣿡
͵ǵǣϲģҾ֪ͬһܿãû뵽ôã̫ˡ
ʦҲˣ
Цˣ
ʦȽȥɣҲȥơ
һѽ˸˻ȥˣҶˡ
ʮˣ˸Եʮˡ
ˣо˽ӵ⼸С顣
οǰʮһɽʮңϲֱӵĩβˣô˵ǹˡ
οٶ಻ˣ¼ȡҲûǰ˵ôˣ¼˲ʮˡ
ôʱ¼ȡʲࡣ
ɨһۣͻȻЦ̫ˣ˵һû
ͺʦֶ֪˵˭
˻һЦ

˵ȴҵϲĲˣŽ˿ջ
֪ǰļλѶˣĵǿ̫ˣ֪ʦûע⺫ҵλӣ
˲죬Ҳûϸƣصˡ
ʦ걨иͦģԱһʮҵģ֪ǲǡ
Ҳʲôϡա
ʦǿܼһϦģ
͵ˣھ
񣺡
СӾȻӰ
Ͷ֮СԹеţû˵ûжʡ
˵ֻصĿǰʮϸһ飬ǸЩأؿãǰʮռ
еضŵʮȥˡ
˵ţͷϲıϲ
ٴƽء꣬ͷ

ʦǴӵ˳ȥ
Ϲʱõĺꡣ
εķݶϴʱҪһЩҲࡣ
ϴûͷ˶٣ȫˣ̲סҸʮǲȫҵ򷢳ȥˣ
Цѽ⻹иأмǱ߱ϲأҶ㱸ˣ
Цúܿģȴ﷢ᡣ
ϸ󲿷ֵĸһʹǸǮҲ᲻ûȫá
ϲĹٲѺ˳˳ȥ
ǿջϰ˻࣬ٲǵûߣһŴ˷ıϲ
ջܱ߱µʵʵ
һ׶ϲģ
뿼ļջƹһ㣬ǿջϰ࣬Ұ׺͵ڶǿջǰʮռĸ
ɰƹ˻ˡ
ٲߺ󣬿ĵչأϰĹǣǿջζһĴۡ
ˣƹǰͷ˵ġ
һȥƹǰͷ˵ˣҪ˰ףʳ޿ѵģʦ˰ףɲ
ƹЦǻллعˡ
ʮǿջ˶ʮ߸
ƹžһ㣬ȫˡ
ʮһ˰ۡ
ɽۣϲ˴˾ۡ
ټԭ˵õģٲȵȣ֮˶ɽһ룬ϲ˵ûǮҲûǮ
ʰöϲϲȥ¥ף

˽˰˸ˡ
λһҲδС
οúãСһף֮⣬ͺʦ֣˭ȥ뺫ͺˣܹܴˡ
Ϊͺ˶ϰˣ߲ܹϲ
˸ߣպ͸绹н˱㵽ˡ
Цϲϲ
𽭰ʱĳɼҪá
Цͬϲͬϲ




59.  111-113   Ʒ++Դ

С֮, һ
Ƿĸڡ
µȾơ
ͷ˵ƾ͹ȥˡ
ոˣôˣ
µǽҪȥ, úȾܸ·𣿡
겻˵Ʒò, Ǽλʦ, Ҫȫȶ, ·ôչ˵ù, һ, Ҳ, ֵöһ, Ǽﻹһ̯ء
˵ˣϼղ̫ãЦԲˣԲ, տǰϲӡ
ǰԡԵĳɼҲ˵
Իǰͷ, Ծ͵ĩβ, ԺԿβŹ, , Ҳǳ׺˼еġ
ȡĳɼϴˡ

ΪҪؼˡ
ҲûҶ, ÿ˾Сףˡ
ؼǣǴһ, ˿ȫˡ
СֶӾɽкðɣ
˵񼤶ְѱӸȴƸ, ؼҺôȾôȣ
ϲͬС
⺢һûëǻࡣ

ף꣬ΪӦҪСݵ㣬˹ȥ
Ƕүʹ޶ڿջ
ү߹ӰγɼҲˣɵ¿ˣ
޶۰Ͱ͵ؿ
Ƿʦ˵ġ
⵹ãүϵӲһҵƽȥˡ
ټϦôһ֮·ν˲Ѷȡ
˵ͦɥɱԼʦˣҲȱߺá
޶˾
Ҿһò̫ãûɵ
οĻȷʵɵķг롣
үȰǡʱһɤӣ꣬صʦ㡭
ү˵Ҳ֪ʱ䲻ˡ
˼ȥ
үȥɣȥɣʱȥ㡣
꣺

ڸס˶ʮ죬ջסʦǲ඼Ϥˡ
Ϊ˰׵ԭ򣬻ҷǹġ
ȻϰʦҲͬϲǣʲôմϲ
δʱڱŰ˻ؼҵ
ҵ
Ϊºڣһ˻˻Ȼ¿ϡ
ʱܸоʱλȥ֪͵˼ſڡ
껹δ³ͼĺϲСëͷͨͨ˹
ٶȿ죬һӱ㱧סĴȣø˵һ𣿡
ͷǣǲǺܿġ
ͷ
̫ˡ
̾˿ҲûôĹѽ
ûϲһһø
걻һһðһ죬˵Դˣ͵ܵȻȥҪжˡ
ãղжջôȥ
꣺
Ҳ̫ƴˣ

ŰŻط䣬ϴһ¡
ǻ׼Ʋˣڼףһ¡
ΪȥǣǾƷǱû˿أ޻ڼƣ±㽫Ϸ޸˹
պãȫһףһ¡

Ŷû룬ֱȥ١ǿأѾȫ̸ˡ
ҲʼʩˣƷǵļ򵥣ǳͷİڷţһֻġ
ΪǼ١ҵǿء
ϵĴ֪ҪƷʣʱʱȥۡ
ԣͼֽҪ󹤽ôǳôֿȵȣҶƵ
ԭȴֻ֪Ƣòˡ
Ϊ˷ʦ֣˵Ҷḻӡ
ڣһֲٰƷľ˼ʮ߽ͷ˵Ǹеġ
Щ滮Ŀɺöˡ
ϵİգ£ֻһ䣺ؼСӿȢ˸ϱ
ǰ챨ϲĹ
֪긮ԹˣǸס
ǣּһ䣬ؼСãȢôһСϱ

ϴã򸸡ĸѾ´ӹϻˡ
ĸЦֻݲۡ
һӵһҪúѧϰǹøһҫ档
⻰һ˵һԵϾеڡ
ٷ⣬ҲؼûëǮĹϵҲá
˫ϵøɸɾһسˣҲûϵ
ϵ׼ĸҿǲǻȱ˵ʲôܸоζûĺóԡ
ĸٶȸ˳
ŤͷŲЦˡ
򸸵οò֤Ŭû׷ѣŬķҲȷġ
꣺
һѧʵɱ
򸸻飬˵游Ǹţϧһֱδо٣һθϿ;вȾ
Ϊ֧ԼǷ˲ٵӣû취ŸŴͷɱһֱû
ӳиҵҲѭѵ̿飬ϣһһռܳţˣҫ鹡

걻ô˰ʱ
ˣ
Ҳӹػˣ˫󣬿ĵӣοôãôѽ
µû㡣
˫ɣ
Ǹտʼ˵ʱһӡ
Ҳ֪ʲôõģͼ飬ֱӵ
ôãѾĥˡ
µУڼȥذæˣһˣԹȥš
˫
ĵ
ȥ϶أ˵Ǳ˹ǵùܷ
ԣ˫ĸȥǱ
뵽ˣ˫Ͼܾ˵ӵĽôˣҿɲ̫̫벻ҡ
£
ǼѾѾ߻ˡ

㡣
ĸûذŮһۣϵҸһ
ĸ˫ڹֻЩ˵ķʱȽϳ㣬ʱ͹ˡ
ĸһۣû˵˿
֪극ѵһͨ
Ϊھӿ㼸䣬浱Լˣǰ⺢ԼŬӺá
ʮ壬Ѿͯˣһţйˣţ˼Ҫ
ܶ˲ûгɹס
ĸž˵ÿĭɽ
ĩ˼һ䣬Լø⼸ϣҲ˼˽ѧĹˡ
˭ﲻģ⣬
ײǽ
òĸ
һתĸֱȥǱ߰Ѳ߶˹
Ǹƾɵһ˹
ʹˣ˵еСõʱ硣
Ϊˣ͵ðѲһ㣬ߵøϸЩܸι̣õʱһЩ
ĸ̫ã¸˴ҹĸŮһŬڶˡ
±ĥöͻͻֱ
һԼϰףϰס
ĸҲƤֱ˺ƼӰˣͷͲ廨ˣͼҾðɣϷһ·ƣȽϺá
һ±ơ
Ϸһ·ʲô
ĸ˵꣬һʺŵ»ȥ˯ˡ

ĳ˵ۣΪıʼǣԳԹǰѵƴر߰ҳ
Դ˼ңľ͸СβƵģһֱ
곭ʼǣҲ֡
ֱ򸸹Ҫ˯ˣŷ±ʣ۾Ͱ͵ܺ͹ø˯һ𣿡
˺ڣܣ
ίغʱø̫Ϣ
ͷһЦҲϢܳ߸ߡ
򸸼ͷҪ̲סдˣϢɣ
Ӧһдꡣ
ıʼٶҳȫСˣһֽʵҲİٵ֣߰ҳʵҲû֡
ǿ˯űˡ

ڶ˸磬˱װȥһȦ
󺹵Ļſ˸š
硢ɩϺѽ
ȥˣ
ܣ
ڸʱ߰죬ϻˣںԺһϺʳŻϴȥˡ
һţͼĸЦӯӯ꣬ʲ
˵û廨СȻһµǿԵġ
ɫܺÿϲīɫ໹ϱӺܻһɫ˶
Ͳйˡ
ӹȥ˵ǰǸŵĶЩЦлرʣһϾһ
ĸЦѽСġ
𾪣»ߡ
ϴεô۾
ʽȷʵĸе˼·
ĸҪϷһ·ơ
굹֪ǼͼͺӣغȡгȻͼҪ壬ú²ˡ
ǣã嵽Щ˷ʱ䣬һͼһҲС
궶˸飬д˸CHINAõǩ塣
Ҳһߣͦÿ
ĸûĬһǲ̫ˣ
򵥣ãð߾С
ĸŶȥ·䣬ݸƼûã֪ѡͬ壬㻭
һƣ̲ס˳ǡ
ʲô۸ﲻӢ
&gt;_&lt;

緹ȥ˽ӡ
һţͱʦֺʦǸΧסˣһҪմϲ
ҲʱϸһЩǹ͵ġ
˽ˣǰԹ˰˸ü
û³ʦֵǣһӵģȡԼ³ʱҲһһ˳
˵ţϲ˱Űˡ
ҲһЩԵģĲһǹӡ
˵õһÿ˴Ķһ
ʦǰͷʱ򣬴Լҵĵعϸɣֵ㣬Ͷͣ
ɽҲǹɣһ˳ָץһѡ
λһ޻ɣһһλʦֵʦܣˣ
˻һ
רעྐྵӣĸԵͬѧǷ׷׿˹
һƿɲզģ뿪ʱһȦ
һԱʱֱˡ
ЦѽǾ̫ˣ
ƤϵѾˣٺúԳŹ˶Ҳˣߺ~

յͷͼվſڣ˳š
һȺߴߴƽʱ˹˹ĵʦ֣еĴеĴϵһŻҪôӺܳȥصԼĽҡ
ɢҲʣôѧˡ
ɨһȦֻˡ
ϲˣ
æλʦվ
չʱ򣬳˸ʦֵǴϲǣλлʦ
һžͱסˣֻңûѶͳȥˡ
԰˹ȥ
Ǿƺ±⣬Ц֪Ϸϲҵľƣ
껹治֪
Ӵʵڲࡣ
꣬ǼҲͣһӱ㽫ƽʱõӸѵ
١һ£ΪҪμӸԵģԽʱǡ
ԣ࣬ǰʮˣ˺İ˸ˣٵˡ

βһ룬ͼѧˡ
ιĿģ⼸˸Եȥѧ
ɶϴһԺԵϰʣɻڿΡ
꣺
˺ڡ
ϴθѧָѧ
ԣȵ١˵˵ɣϿأ鷳Ȼرһ¡
ڵڶš
˫һۣĴ˵￴һҩζ
ǲΪ⣬ЦԵĶԵģϷͻˣȥ跿Ȼᡣ
ȥŸˡ
һΡ
˵Ŀû೤ʱ䣬ٻ˽һЩӲãһڿˣûмߣǶ֪ʶ㣬һһذǹ
ȥͷƶʱд˸ֽ
ߡ
꣺߲ߣ
񣺲Ǻ롭
ʵϣԳɼ֮Ǽ·Ҳ⡣
λҵĿʵһģϣԼѧ˳ء
ⲻֹǶԼѧĿ϶ǶѧĿ϶
ʦصһֱΪ
ǲֹΪҺڡ
ͷѧ֮䣬ʵиǣ
ҴҰıҪ
οǴӸѧģ˵һ㶼ѧ
ѧߣһ˵ʲô
һΣˡ
ˣϲοԵĩβɺôǹˡ
˿ǰ㶼ûȥѧΡ
֤Ľѧʽ͸û⡣
Ϊ˱ǿĺã;̵Ĳѧ
˶ԵǰʮƸͷϰףҲ⡭
ԣãȫû⡣

ÿϵ˽ӵѧȥˣſڶתȦˣŲؽҪд²
ǼҰɣҺǼ顣
Ӧһ
Ҫʰ˹ȱŲÿҵѽǼȱߣȻˣҲʱԲԡ
ýһȦһȦ
оҪǸˣҪõǰשԲžȥˡ
١ʱеΡ
ȻЦɲҿ
һɷǵģȴء
꼸ҳ񱻱ˣһӵ²۷
١ЦʲôشҶ֪˰ɣ
ѧǱߵķӦɱϴοˡ
ôҲãȥѧһ˽Ӻ𣿡
١û뵽Լʦôֱ˵Ŀڡ
ʵҾãͨԵһʮˡ
ЩȫȥѧĻ˵ʵڵһѧеѽ
С࣬١оҶˣοҶԲͬ˽ӣָһ𣬷ΧʲôľͲ̫ˡ
֮ǰ١һתʵɣѧҲѧĺôϾǶڿΣ˵˵ϴǶ˲һ£˽ô
꣺




60.  114-116   +

١ضЦЦ
˿, Ƕˣѧö̵رĺ, ÿͬĿ, һֱĸо
˼ʶ, Ǿ, Ŀ, ˾ԭ, ɡ
һ, Ϲεÿλһ顣
ҲΪλ˽̵, ܿĺóɼ
ԣʵȥĶ鶼һģΪǶرĸΡ
ǿһ졣
١Це飿
꣺

˫۾ֱضţ¿ˮ, һ١Ϻ꣬һӲͷƤ, ʵ˽, ѧ, ҾĶɵ, ֻⲻǽ꿪ʼһֱ, Ÿջرյòˣĸ±ӡ
ܴô, ǲˡ
ѧ˲һ¡
ջС
ıʼǡ
ټǰڸǽѧѧ˫˽Ϊ϶î˾ǽ̺á
Ķѧϰ, ҽҲãʦ۹λܸһЩ
ѧҲڼѧϰϾѧɼǶ˽ӶɣܵѧЩܿѧ⡣
˵ˣǴѧÿҵҲġ
ȫԼԾԾ˵ʵ̫
ôһͷµҲ׷ױʾԸ˽ӡ
١ֿ졣
١Ǹסˣؿһ
ʵ᲻üңϷҲ⡭
ǰ;
⻰ÿڣʵҲ֪ڸǽ˶ꡣ
ĬһҪǻͷһ£˵
˵꣬ҲҾܾĻᣬ١١Ƕ̳Ӻþƣվ͸ҿ˰ɣ
췭˸ۡ
Ťͷѧˣʲôȥϸˣ˽ϿΣȥѧȥȥ
ûʲôġ
Ѿ߳ˣߡ
˵һѣһ˽ӡ
ſڣۣûˣС꣬˵ǲȥѧǰɣ
ؼǣǿţҲȥѧ鲻ǡ
ɽҲûʲôﲻģǱ˽ӵѧ
١ָԹѧء
˽˵ϰˣϸһã˶ѧѧһʱ䣬˵ȥҲ˽ǡ
ĳɼԺԿ϶ûʲôġ
ʱһţǿɱȼʮͯˡ
ԣ١Ȼϣߡ
ͬصͷ
İɣڵļֵ˭ܲ治ġ
õԴĶҪŴġ
˿ʵϣ˼Ҫǰɡ
Ƶͷ
ԡԵĲο࣬һΪƣΪԺ͸һģֻҪԲܲμӸԣȻ˸ԹԺԣȴͷ
һ㣬ǲࡣ
ɵȵԺԣͻɱĵӣΪмྭۼûԺԵĿ
ƹƣȥԵӦһ֮䣬ʡǧˡ
ԣƶιԺԣʲôϣˡ
ȥѧϰ簲ڼ
ѧѧλһҲѽ
һЩշţӱһЩ߻˲ֹ۾ã뵱޸ʱϸ۵Ѿĥ˲֪ٲļӡ

صңѾ극ˡ
Ѿˣˡ
ڳѷڹ˻˸˳
±ӣŹһĢˡ
Ժģ
ЦɲǣСرˣȥѧʱӵھֲˣڲ˶ܳˣǰ컹ר˴Ųȥء
˵ʵڵģΪ·;̫ңԶȻĻһЩȥأ׼׬Ǯ
ϸ´ˣڿڱտھʲô׬Ǯʲôá
ֱۡ
ǽ߳࣬īߺѽ
ǰϸϣѵĵСرС˵Ҵ
ںˣһΣٻͷ仯ͦϲֹЦݶˣǰˣ˸ԲƯЩ
֪ĻΪأҲͶʮꡣ
ˣ
ϵˣʮˡ
ԡ

극û꣬ϲС˹
ø
СëͷкóԵģ۾ֱˣ˳ָ˸ȡ
ϲĿĵ۾˳ȥ
ųţͼƹЦеˣλ˲ٵ
ϲѽϲѽ߹οɸǳˡ
ЦЦ
ⳤ˭ѽ
̫̫ϴС˵Եĵط˾Ʒҹȥơ
꺰ϲ̫̫ȥ
ƹ߹ӻǵǰ˵𣿡
ͷһͻ¸ˡ
ƹһ˶£һǸϲߴ⻭
Ͼˣ
⻰û˵Цеʲôʱʱ䣿
˵ʲôʱûʱ䡣
ɣΪֵòˡ
ȻӦˣҲûƣô
ƹ񣺡
ˣҰ»òμԺأ
ʽйˣǹԱҲԼء
ƹУպ
ҲȥǾƷ

극ҲȥƷתһȦ
ĶԼģ֪ˣûԼǱ㱳ŰŹȥˡ
˵ĶʱôҲû
˿һƣ˶
ǼһǰԺһģô㹻ˡ
˿Զô칫ҼӸ¥ݡ
Զûֿ¥󣬰שͷȥӣ˰죬Զˡ
Ҫ˵䣿
ٻľ
ҲƴȻ̫רҵٱǿһЩ
˳־ڵϻƽͼ¥ݵ״Ҳ˳Ƹˡ
ͷܿճ¥ݣʵͣٹȥٽϻģͷֹܡְ壬ɶûУôȥ
˵꣬ԶȻǲǲԣҪ̫ռط
¥ŶȻռ˷ˡ
˷ѽڳɿյľͳˣҤֻ֣Ҫȶȣ֧ŶҲûˡ
˵꣬һŤͷͼ˫ֻأĵǰɹͷ
ǵûС
Ҫܸɰͷʹ˲ǡ
Զһߣŵˣع˸Եͬѧȥѧ顣
Ŷһ
תҪȥæģ̧Ÿ˹ȥǻؼ˽Ӷ飬ȥѧ顣
µȥĶ
˽ӡ
еˣæΪұȽϽһܰɵ
ºЦҪ˵ڲɻˣеˣ˵㻹ڼʲô

ԣȥѧ飿
ǵǣ˵ԭڸǽģΪʹˣŻص˼磬١ˣôһԱȣҲѧ͸һ
ȫԼ
ҪЩһͺܼٵ߶߶
˵ǽܻᷢģʦҲʦĵɡ
Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣҾ˽Ӱɡ
绹дһƪ£ǰԺԵı׼ġ˰֡
˵һ㱳Ű뿪ʱƼһĴ轫һֳŵԱߣǼѵذʮصשϰᡣ
رķ
ȥæԷҧعԼУǸǹǮġ
е죬˵ţû£ҼӲС۵ˡ
˵žͰŵ˳ϡ
ϸҲϵһڷŵ˳ϡ
ְ飬ǡʱͷҵĺûôôĥߴ
ͷһ
Ťͷϸˣ˫һۡ
һʱ˵ϸ˳ЦЦĨ˰Ѻӣɱ¸Ǽ
˵գųҡҡλεǱߡ
껹еʱ䣬첽ǰһ𽫳Ӹ˹ȥ
лһ˵ӿȥѧɣ׬ľǮ಻ѽ
겻Ǿ಻ࡣ
ǲ࣬׬ݹǮ
Ǿãĸ࣬ĸǲһأĸʮ߰ӡ
ǰλĸʮꡣ
Ҳ֪һβٰڶΣ뿪ʱھӴˡ
һţһӡ
һá

굽˽ӣƼ˼װࡣ
˵ʵﲻ߶£ܹܲסԼ죬Ӿװߡ
ٶȻͦ죬һꡣ
ͣ½Ųôˣ
ҡͷûʲôߴˣ
˵תȥԼࡣ
Ҳ˳ƽ˼װࡣ

ԭȵĸ԰࣬ڸĳԺ԰ࡣ
ʱͷ񼸸ҲˣҾͲˡ
˸кصԼλϡ
Ц𣿡
ͷ
ȥѧ˽ӣ
Цеأ͸ճ׷ǰһ
˽ӣǼЩ࣬һʱæ
ϻ˵ķֳˡ
⺢ӻѻһ㶼
ճ극͹ˣһһᣬһЦ
˵꣬Ҳûĥī˼ϲõҵ
ҶʼѧϰˣҲٴˣƵĳ˽ҡ
յ跿ͼ١ʰСﳤرϲֽҲһͽʦµһЩʰɾˡ
һ̧ͷã
ãÿնЩ𣿡
١ͷܰҵæҺܿġ
Ǽ˵ҲμˣǴδæƽʱʰӣĸףԣСﶼϰˣҲġ
ûµʱ򣬻ʦǵĶ
СʰãƿѾ˵Ļ˳ˮϸռĻ֦˸ĵطƿ
˱ڴǰϸ
ϸҲû˼˵ԼҲϷ飬һϿ

дһ룬ߴغ
꣬и¸˵һ£
Ƥû̧дȻᣬϾͺˡ
ʵڱܣӣҲ˼Ʊƣһ䣬㡣

ʵûʲôд¡
ŤͷɨȦСǶر棬סɿҸڵɽ㶼δӰӡ
㻺˼
ˣܣһɨһȦһɨһȦ
ô֪㰤װ˿Σ¡
žԼдûŵöֱð亹
ûߴҽͷæһ黹淢˼֣мرͨ˳
񣺡
ô죿
ϸ飬ȷûʲô⣬Žȥ
Ҳģôһƣͷ󺹵һֽϰдһ۵𣿽Ҳʱ俴
ҡͷæ˳ȥ
˴⣬ͼϲɽվſڵ
ϲۣδСôôûûꣿ
ſܻһӡ
߰˰ôдġ
Ȼķ𣬿ȴ򻹲ء
ϲŶһ
ɽи˵û
ΪҶ֪ˣ΢˿Ƕ֪ˣ
Ҳ֪ˣ
ұ˴˾˿
ҪȥҼҰɣ
ƵǱȥˣԼ֪ɣ˭Ҳ˵ֲʲô¶
ͷĸ̾˿صػؼȥˡ
صңѾˡ
ϺĸڳĸЦ˶˰ɣϾͺá
ȰѶͻȥ
ϰ˻ؼҰѶźãȥԺææ
һԺӵֿϧġ
˭˵أǰǼأͰϵͦã˵ĺʲô£һˣ
ӵ˭֪ҿǰƢôã϶ǼҵСӾ󣬲ҲǵĺǣҪǲΪ˴̼һ֮¸ʧķ衣
ĵͦ𾢣߽˶û֡
ֵ磬ɩ˵˭أ
ôоɿ
ӱһؿЦС·ôûѽ
Цⲻĵ̫Ͷ𣿡
˶ټʣɩղ˵Ŀ˽ӵʦ֣
Żģһȥ˽ӣֲһ࣬Ϊ⼸С飬׼ſԵ¶˽ҷϻ˵ѧϰϵһû˿ڡ
ϵİ治
ӵǸǼҵС𣿡
ǲ𣿡
ͷʦôˣ

ɿӡ
СӲ̫ãǸĸСĺӣһֱ۰ţĸɲũ˽ӡ
ûȢ֮ǰһ˹ϵͦá
λҲ۰ܵܣɿڼҲ˵һСʵۼ
Ȣ֮ɩǾͲˣֲԼƾʲôҪοҸĸС۰Щˡ
ӶƲ̫ϣѽϱԽԽϲˣҲԽԽг
μԡԡ
ΪڱأסʱҲɣҲͻ߰ӡ
ɸԾͲһˣסĿջǿջĶȸ¥ˣΪףһֱǵĿ˺á
סĺ¥ۣһ˳סȫ߰㹻ˡ
ټ·ѺҪĶһ˶ʮӡ
༫пܷ
ԣһԡԣ㻨ʮӣСϣһ˸ء
ǰ˼ͳҲ治ôӡ
ȫҶλҲԼСͥ
ͷ˵ĸڲּң˭Լװ˱˵Ŀǡ
Ҫϰˣɩɩմ˹⣬βûȥ𣿰װ׻ôӣ
λɩӰȫˣ򳤡ﳤ峤ϣҪּҡ
ɿΪûпܴ̼С
ٱôһ֣ܲˣһӱħˡ
ͷֱһŵʲôʱ£
ǳ˰ͻˣΪ˻·ߵЩҲܱɿѽ
ô£һ㶼û˵
硣
ɿ˱ǻ˴죬ϲҲϾ͵ˣϱϲΨȥӣһҲûС
ҵϱʱ
Ѿֵ˾֪ˣûΪŻһ˳˸ͯҶˣ˭Ա˼ҵ¡




61.  117-119   Զ+

ʿˮ, أ𣿡
ҡͷ˭֪Ǽֵͦ, ҪţЩǼҾƷɻ, վĸ˰ȥˡ
˵, ʦֵǾƷɻ, Ҳһˣ
ӵͷ, ǾƷǶʮǰʼ, ʱ, ΪŮС, ҪĹǮҲȱ٣ǹ¶ĸģС¾ͬˡ
һֱĸΪ
ƽʱҲ޼ҵ̫á
ֲרҵ, ǻ˶ǮҪһȥ, û¸ϴϴ·, ʲô, Щ۾, ӵĵҲԽԽ١
ĸӹҲǽͰ͵أΪ˿, ûʲô£ټ˺ãʵ, ǶҲͦչˡ
ȥһӡ
¶Ӳȥ֪ȥϿ˲ҹġ
ˡ
ţصĻô, ֲܷı仯ܰȥ˽Ӷ飬ɼԱɿͶˡ
ԭɿ˵˵£ô˵ЪǷ˼
ڶ⣬Ϊʲôɿһĳɼ˺ãйǽĸо
Ҫָ֣˻ٸ֡
̾˿ɻ

ļԽԽ
̫ߡ
˻򣬱Źߺã˵Ҫƹͼȴ˸ݸ塣
ʱƹ˵ʱԼ͸˼
𣬶ٻܼʲôֱӰѴ߸ˡ
˿̫ûȥ㷭ıʼǼ
Ҳ֪˶ãͷϵʱ䲻ˣ˯ɣ
Ӧһʰˣϴ׼ϴʱŷĲ֪ʲôʱѾͷ˯ˡ
꣺
ôҪ
>_<

ڶ쵽˽ʱط֣Ȼǽҡ
ΪҪԱȥѧأʮֵؿڣϷ١ģ١˵еѧæ飬
һۡ
ԣģ
˵꣬ͼˣʮֲõҪʼϿˣ˵гˡ
ᣬҾνѧģҲѧѧ顣
ǺǵϷô飬ûôѧҲͦϡ档
Ϊ⣬˷о٣̫㡣
ֱٽָͷ
˵ֱӿʼϿΡ
ҪشʱΣˡ
¿κȥ跿С˼
ȷʵͦ˼
Ȼ䣬һ¿ˮ̵ģҾŲߣܰôǸżû취
ˣһܿĵù
һˡ
˵ģ̫ΪʲôҪѧѽ
ţѧôãǲȥǴСطʲôɡ
Ǳһְɣ
˭֪أֲǵˡ
˲軹ûݺãڴ
˫һ趼ˣſ˳ȥ
Ȼ
˱ѧϰѧɼӰ졣
˽ûѧĻã˽һ㣬ѧ٣ץסÿѧмǿ
Ϊбʦ
ѧһɫͯţлˣټ϶˻ȥڿΣ˿ǾǱĲӡ
ǽѧḻҲһš
ѧ붭λᲢۡ
οߵѧ඼ûвμӹƾ٣ϺѧǶѧѧǲ˺ôһء
Ǽͷͷβˡ
οǼȥһǷβ
Ա
ǽĶᷢ⡣
ʦһ棬ѧѧϰռȸ
Ǻǵ쳵Ҫá
üһʮͷ࣬˭Ҳá
ǰģİѧҲܹս
˺
˵̵ϲûǳɼá
˵ɼΪ˱ѧϰͺãοʮˣѧѧϰмˣ
ѧǰʮϵҲ˵˽ѧ
ЦǣǰʮеĻû˽ѧúá
˵ʲô˵ѧĽҲô
һʱƿԣʤˡ
˻ӳ΢΢ȭˣ
֣ǾͱȱȣôõԴôǾͿ˭̳ѧԺԵʱϰϰ࣬ϰĳɼã
Уؽѧȥɡ
Ѫ
飡
һߣĿɨˣղĶԶǿˣ˽ˣϷҪȫԡ
񣺡
ҿû׳־

˵ûľģġ
ԽʱҪÿʱ˽ӣȻѧϰǶ塣
ÿڼϢʱѼѧټһһ۽ѧݡ
˹һܣֱƹųĵˡ
վǰ߹ӣǻأǻˣ
꣺
ƹľګŵû
ͷô˵
滭ˣֻѧϰ̫ţֶԴҽħѵ
ôһ˵ˣԷʱ䶼еţ˵ûʱ仭ֶͣͣʱһûˣôһһֱǸ߸塣
ƹ˿
ߴɣɼƺϴμʱˡ
ɼѧϰȷʵۣҪǻ
ҪԺ꣬Ҹʦ
ƹǣλͻǲ뻻ˡ
ԭͦ򵥣ǷӰͼϲǷȥʱһ߹ӵ֣Ͱһѡ
ڶǸ˲ǡ
ǣλͻ⻻ʦˡ
ƹҪͻ˵˵
̫˼ˣæ
ƹͷԵֻؼȥˣָͷһ㣬Ժԣð졣
Ӷˣ

ȻʱѹúܽڶһջǸҷһļ١
ͷһѧʱ˵ˣҪȥｭ߿˻ۡ
ϲǻûȥԸأ
ҸʱȥģʱŵôǳǴҹȥԼ˾һֱûȥϢȥ
ҵúú׼һ¡

һգƽʱ˲١
ʱϲϣŶץ˿Ǳһˮͳˡ
Լص㣬Ѿˡ
ƿ˿ĶЦԸǲ󡣡
ʦʲô
һռζģ
˲ǱͲˡ
Цһֻռ
ĵǮԵڻˡ
һһԸ
˴ľ֮⣬Ըɨһ顣
ʱպøһ̲ס죬ʦ̫ˣ
Ը
겻˼ʦǵʱԸֻܻȥˣһû⡣
ôУԺСֶӣܾôɢˣ

Ը廨š
̳Ӿ֮⣬ʮӡ
⻰ûʦǰ˵ĬĬġ
ϴʱҪе©꣬ıڻѾʴĲˣǮ˰һ¡
´ԺԹʱˣıڻȻô飬ûûǡ

꼸˰ɨĸɸɾ
˸ͷÿժ˼ӣЦԼֵģǱ
һƾȻӣңͷȻ󣬵ǺѾ͸˺ڣرóԡ
ͷ˱𣬻ϲϲɽȥˡ
ȥ۰ɣܸϵϡ
ɽڰ֣ҪȥǼȥɣ˼ǲˡ
⼸ձѵÿ۳ɹһɽְæɨʵȫɨһֱ֪Ҫ
ɽȶӶڴȥúϢһ硣
ҲȥòϢһ죬顣
ϲꡣ
ϲνȥȥ
ҡͷҲȥˣҼæƷ£ȫ˶æһȥ棬ò˼
ǰﲻæٴڼܸоһЩ
Ŀ
ǹȻͬиܹĺֵѽ

걾Сëͷһ飬ӡ
֪սӾƼԼſͣ
䲻̫Զ峵ϵı־ŵͷһͻƹⲻǰôͻȻ߻ˣ
˼ſһȻ
죬ֻǵһһĳ
µĶʶ
Ƽ꣬Цӭ˹߹ˣǹͷء
ڿеͷƤ飬ʵôʱˣ
òǸϲİɣ
ôһ룬ǻмֿܣ븮ԳҲûãǵʱϵǲ롣
Ȼɨһܺã⳵ĻҪ߼٣˵
Цüǹӱ֪ˡ
˵Ҳûȥ
ƼԼ鷿ţǽϵġͷͷ㡣
Цӣò
ͷͬʱЦŸİ˻ܡ
˵̲꣬סզ࣬Լɵүɵܴʦʦ
֮⣬мλĹӡ

ܴʦǸʺܺãϣүֹļͷȫһͷ
ܴʦָǽϵġͷ⻭߹ʲôʱģʫǷȫͬ
ƫ÷ɵķ
ʵʱڸġ
ֽŲɽˮֻǼʣصʯϵרעڴߣͱʳסļС㣬ͲͬٶȲͬԾĸ߶Ҳнġ
ܴʦЦأһֱ߹ӵĻɣڿǶЩо
һСԶֵ
ɼ⺢ƽʱرע۲죬Ҳࡣ
ܴʦӡವϳ塣
ʦҲ˼䡣
궼һһش

ӦһᣬҲ֪⼸˵ġ
˵򻭰ɣɵҲڡ
üۣҲûʾڸպ緹ʱ䣬ҪҪʲôģͼԱһ߹ӣҵʱ־ȾǷʱϲģҲǳÿԼ𣿡
ԼģҪСҲûϵġ
ֱЩ
ֲôƯǹ˵˵ʲô𣿡
꣺
ģ
̽鱨ģ
ʦС֣ϵɫÿ˶Լķӡ
겻ÿɷС岻ģóһǹܰƣô˺ܾãûơ
õǷŻ
ϸһƵ⻭ͷԶǰѰķ䣬϶һҪϻʱ䣬п¶ȺȵԭʧǳɫпܣҪһģһİѻЩѡ
ԣ֮󣬿ܻҪķһЩ̵ƹӦûհɡ
С壺

С֮⣬ļ궼˲ͬ⡣
˴ӹͼֱӴӱīֽš
ԴСĹ֮󣬾ͷʦܴʦһеضӵͷеˡ
һȺ˹Ҫô߹ݵġ
Ҫôģ
һ궼ΪС
ʮӣĸһ²ǱЦǸǱҳ⻨ζˡ
˵Żѱӵݵÿ˵ϡ
ŴҺȲʱĸСǽֻ죬ӣ⼸λүϲʲôڵģ
ĸ˵ĻҲ̫С
ֹˣܴʦʦҲˡ
ܴʦ˼ұˣǽչ߹飬һỹûȥԲ鷳
˼ң
ĸʶؿһۡ
ôϺðɡ
ĸĥĥɹЦʲôѽԶĶǿˣ˲ٷĵ֪λܷԵ
ԼģҲԼֵģһҪԶٷźá
ĸ˵꣬ͳȥˣ
ƺ´ŲζƵģ˳ֱӽˡ
ζ
Ǽ꣬׷ûϢʿˮ

ʱ仹治ˣǶˡ
ܴʦһؿڣ߹ӣϴΰӸɻǷǶ÷ǳá
ܴʦ˶쵼Ƶġ
֣΢΢򢡣
Ȼ𾴣ս䱡ıֱֱͦء
ܴʦ˵꣬Ц߹ӣǷɣ˵߹ӵĻƫɣƵóӵķʵڴˡ
֮ܽسΪһ壬ɼڻϵ˼뼼ɶǳԱ⡣
ɺ֮Ҫɵ¶ࡣ
Ͳ㽻ˣ
ȥ֮Ҳгһнѡ
룬⻹ɸء
˼Ҷû˵нѣ
>_<
˵ɵǱɽˣ뻹֮ǰСԡ
Լļλͽս
һֱ¡
ʵҪѧҵΪ
ЩһͷƤ顣
֮󣬿һü۸͸ЩЩ˵Ҳû
ؼǣͷǮҲ֪ôѽ
һֱԼڱȽϷϵʲôӶܹȥ
ֻҪõӹУûûεعȥġ
ԣǮǮ٣ʵҲô¡
ؼɣɾͱ˿ˣоܲ
ԣ˶ֵҲ֪˼Ҽһõĺӣ˶ϣܿȡҫ鹡
һӣΪľܹһԾţȫ˹ӣ
Ҫڷ飬˿ԣֹԲԲҵԲүү̣ڣ

ٳԶ




62.  120-122   һ

ܴʦû뵽ܾôɴ, ͲСˣ΢΢һ㶵Ƕǵʲô𣿡
ҡͷǵ, ҪҪרѧҵ, ֮϶ûʱȫڵ񡭡
ⲻǸ쵼鷳
ʦЦ߹ӴɲΪµ, ǹ涨, ǻĲ, ɵ, Щ˹ӡ
, ô, ܸܲһ˳Ȩǡ
ˣѧڶ˲ʱˣĲ, ѧ
׻˵һʺһ࣬ɲʺ
ɵİҵһ
Ϊ˲鷳, Ϊ쵼ѹ, ǲɵĺá
л, ˽ʿ, ʱˣŻȥɵš
ʱ, λʦҪΪѧ˵ûǡ
ܡ˱ûʵɸҭòС
ʦĻȰ䣬ܴʦ䡣
Աߵļλ갵˿

ĸϽķرķʢ
ֻۡ
˹ͷ˼̵ˡ
ĸ֮, ؼҳ˶ٷ
Ҳǵһ䷹ˣǼλ³á
ĸ

̫Զܴʦ

γ˴֮⣬Ҫľơ
Ϊʳڲ, ԣǼʱĶơ
ʱµѾʼոˣ¹ٹһʱͺԭˣȥԽԽ
ԣ¾ԼأϵĴǩԼ˭жǼҡ
ǼĻҪȱĵط۸һЩ
ȻҪĻҲ
Ҳֹȿ֮Ҳա
㶹ȵȣһ͹
вĻҲͣϵСܸ׬Ǯˡ
Լҩĵ˶֮ģ˵Ҳԭ֮һ
˵ֻ꣬һָоԿ

ųװ֮ʣС治ɣɿĻˡ
໭ʦΪء
ҡͷһȺúѧϰ벻ʵҲûʲô
տʼΪ׬Ǯڼȶˣһ£ûҪҲпһӶϽʿ
ֹԺԣʵͲѧϰʲô
ȵʮѧǾ͸ѧȥˡ
ԣԼʱǶʮ֮ǰһ޵ʱѧϰһ档
ڼȻ׬ǮˣƵľȻˡ
˵꣬Ҳͦе
ļ˵Ҳǣˣ㵽ǵʱһҪǶǼ˵û볯ΪٵģȾڹԺլӣ͵гһնгϢõš
Ĵָб޻Զ
Ȼ档
Ҳʵʵ˵ԼҪȥסĻôСֶӡ
Ѿ˵üˣʱһҪӡ
Цķ˵ȷóԣ̾빱ԺԶ˲٣סҼǶãϾý
ȵл
лʲôѽסҼ˰ǿǼռıˣҲմմϲǡ
ʱܴլӼ졣

һˡ
곤˿ջطıʼǷ׼ʱϲ˽ˡ
˵ȥۣûţ˵Ѿˡ
˵ˣ޺޵ĥĥҵùԺԣҶҪȥۡ
ϲôϻû궼ʼˡ
ƪҪ޸ĵģ˵ѳˡ
ԣ鵽ԭʼĳٰԭݸһ顣
дСġ
Ϸ˴Ҳûҵ
ֻȥϲ
ϲ˵˳
˵Ҫѧϰһˡ
˻飬д˼̧֣ͷ֪꣬١١ʦּҶ
꣺
ϲֲλû˽Ӽ١ʦ֡
һֱΪǰȱİѧϰأԴҲ档
ֱǰؼҳԷ١Ĵɩߣ֪ˡ
˵١ʦλ֮١˵ǵĻ壬۸
һ۸
ɿҲˣ֮ȫһǺˡ
ֶӣ١ҲǱкܴϣģǼ棬һһˣСͱԼţ˭֪Լ˼ԼȫƵ˱ϡ
òã١ö϶ƺɽǿųģҸԼѧô꣬˶ϲ˵˭Ĵ
١˵䣬㸺ˡ
ٺҹ
־˫ˡ
һѾ졣
Ͳ㿴
εʵûʲô˵ġ
ȥɳ£οֲ׶ӣ϶ʱûպá
ԼĺӶзգ˵˵ˣ

Ҫ١Ҳû׶ֻܱǿ
ټ١Щ಻壬ƽʱ١ʦֳģ١ҵĶ̬Ⱦܿ
ҲǺ¶
ˣǲ˵ˣ˵Ҹдˡ
һԣֵͷʼ顣
ϲһҳˣ̲ס꣬Щס𣿡
¼ˢˢˢûأȳǵʱһ𿴣ҰǶ飬û飬ʱĿ¼¼ǵʱ򿴵ʱֻܿĿ¼ͳɡ
㣬ÿ쳭ʮҳһҳıʼǣһ¾ͳˡ
ʱµʱоǲʱϡ
ϲЦıʼһͦĵġ
񣺡

ǶһղŰһ١ʦ֡
˵ڶգ١ʦ־ͱĸţһȥ١Ǹȥˡ
ǵûעһңڰϾͳһ⣬ҺԾԼλϣˢ⡣
ʲôʱд꣬ʲôʱϾŻؼҳԷ
һξ͵ʮ壬һϢպܲ㿪ʼѧϰĺϲСëͷС˽
ø

ʶľΪƹ߻ˡ
ӲͷƤߵӰſڣպƼʦЦӯӯؽˡ
æ˴к
ʦǽôˣ
ǲǰҾ͸ˡ
ǰͷ˵ˣ˸ԣҪȥѧʱ˾һˡ
εãȻûͬ롣
˽ӵ˶ûȥ
Ҳǣ˽ӶµļλʦҲ˿ˣôһĻ˽еѧ١
ؼǣ˽ߵԴѧá
ԣ˽ﶼں棬ôһ

ĻȻʦֲ˼Ϊʵ̫æˣִ˶ģԣ
Խ˵Խ˼ʦַģӦҿ϶ģԺԽһ޲
ЦǵˣҪЩô䣬Ȼȥһ䣬ҪʵڲУǵԺԽٿʼ
ҲС
˽ݺݻĲ֣ɫ롣
ֱֲӻͼϣñʰҪ޲ĵطŻ˳ٱá
ôһٽɫʲô䣬дֽϡ
дٶͦ죬ʱ͸㶨ˡ
ɫ࣬ǲͬĵطõȴһģдҲرҵĶ
忴ֱüͷôࣿ
ҷֵôϸ
ѧÿѮҲһ黭εģĶҲࡣ
ôһϸ֣ʱͷˣȫⷶΧ
ʦֲʱ򣬿ܻɫ̫һ㲹ˣƹ¾ɫûʲôˡ
ؼǣдЩҲ֪ôŪ
͸õףҲһڡ
žǴ˵еģ۾ˣӼסˣȴᡭ
Ҳеɵۡ
ʦǰû޹
壺
ʦҪǲĻҿɡ
ծ಻¡
ͳͳƵԽ
Ҳֻˡ

˵˻£Ǽôûѧ
겻˼Ǽ¶ࡣ
ƺɽҲüﵱڣϲ˱ȥѧǾӴ
ԣֲȥʵص㡣
˵ڸǾƷũæڣմ˫ȥ԰ˣҶڶš
ڻڴ
޻ںԺƣҲøæ
ԣͲȥˡ
Ķѧϰ
ʦЦǽʲôģ
ЦҴ˵͵İɣ
ʦֵͷҪǻȥ治ûȥ
ɥʦ־ͱΪˣⲻҲû취𣿡
οˣˣеص˰ɡ
ʦЦʵǶ֪ǲȥ
ɫе£ѧǵĿΣĸ
ʦһ£Цˣͱ꿪Цˡ
ʵβֹ١˽Ӳѧߣ˽Ҳһγļλ˱Ÿ
Ǹ˽ӣʦֵܣΪʲôζƹǱ١ңΪԼʦǶ˵
Ҳѧ
ѧѧԵҲԵȫԻѧԱ
ðզࡣ
ϸһҲףѧ󲿷ֶų˽ӵûʲô
˽ӵһ̵ֱڣҲˣѧ˽Լѧһײ©ȱɡ
˻Ҫȥ١Ϳ⣬꽫͵ſڣֱ˽˽ӵţת˼ҡ

Ϣն೭ʮҳʼǣµʱ䣬űʼ鱾֪һھ͹ȥˡ
ڶ죬˽ſڸպ١ʦִ˸档
١ʦһһ˽ӡ
겻ÿɷҲӣͷŰܽԼҽҡ
˵ʱÿһݸʡĸ⣬żҲԼ⿼ҡ
ε˶ٲˡ
ͲżȥƷǶשȥ
˶꣬Żصҿʼˢ⡣
ȥתƣС꣬١ʦֽˡ
ͷ
ͷûǣûѣȻ϶ܵ԰渱
˵ôƤô񣿡
ʵ̲ס²ۣһ¾Ͱѻڽ¸ˣվǰ׿˺һᣬû
εֱǡ
꣬١ƢҲ̫ˣҪֱӶӳѾġ
ȵʱҲ١
ƿڡ
˸£ȥұʣôһͨæҵģīˣʱһƬǽ塣
üСԺڵĲ跿ɨȥ˵һ
񣺡

ɨ̫ۣԶţ͵κ˰æ
Ҫա
Դ֮Ͽΰԣϲ˵Сë׸˹һգ۾͵µס
ǺһʼǣҲһʮҳʮҳٶУʽɡ
Ʒİ칫ҲѾǺˡ
һջȥƷʱﻹڹظɻӱźصשֱ
ǡʱһϤӰ˹
Ϣᣬ
ôûߣ
һѽӹשϷţߵһϿʱزż
˵ˣÿîʱɵʱִʱʼδʱѧٹʱ
ĹǮ´ÿյʮᵽ˰ʮġ
ôһĸ׬ء
ƷãǷҲܻˡ
뵽ˣɵľ͸ˡ
վһᣬŸһ£ںԺҵ¡
㣬ȥѧ
Ǵ˹ʶΪεĿǶ˵һλʦѧ￴ˣ˱ѧ
ʱ򶭴ҲὲӸѧλ
ûйͯԵѧҶȥһȽټĹΡ
½ӹ˱˷ȥɣöæˡ
һĥһᣬظɻĻȥ
¼ƺлҪ˵ЦƼλͬѧˣ
ͷ
⺢˻ֻ̫ǿԱ̫أһש׬Ǯծҵ⺢ӽضСȥ
꣺
Ŷѽһһӵġ
˼ô˵Ҳʮһˣ½ʮˡ
˭˭ǰǴѽ
߱²ۣ˹أͻȻһµͷ
¶ԭװ
ʱѾʮˣ˵Ǹ䣬Ǳԭͳһ֡
·񣬰ѽѽ
һһӵģòŴİɣ
꾽
ŲƮ˼

ϼôͻˣʵС˵ˣ
ͷ
˳ְԼҪװ
˵ĸĸÿ˵ðɫͺãĸмҲ֪ôŪģȻ˽ɫͦ߼ġ

ϰѺƷʰá
Ӹǻʱָ˳
ε˵ˣǸܸңﲻȱǮ
ϸǿǷδ
ϱ߰ʮӣټүһʱڼûţͷҲûʲôʳ
ǮҲȥ
ⲻ͸ʮԼЩȫС
֪Ҳû¾Ҫ
ϵ˵ȥѧεر࣬ѧ϶ûסĵطȥ˲סջʲôģʱĶûǮ
Ҳò˶٣ҳŴ㹻ˡ
ֻԼѽȥ˻ʱС㶫ɣ
Ƴˣ³֮֬⣬ʲôҲǸɸɾġ
˵ͷӡЩˡ
Ȼ
ҶӣʱС£ĸͶɩЩ
ٸ˫졭
ôһ㣬˻٣Ƶöʮ
ҲûͷЩ֪۸ô
ϺЦʲôѽҪС֪С޵ģҪ͵𣿡
ϻ֬ˮ۵Уü졢֬ٲˣͷ׹ʲôĶɣһβҪ̫࣬óԶż㡣
Ůﲻں͵Ķ಻࣬ںʱʱСϲ
ȫˣ´λͲͣ
꣺
ƺеףΪҹôഫͳգΪ÷ġ
T_T




63.  123-125   

Ȼ, ſЩ߰ĶҲá
תһ룬鱦ĸŮ˲ϲ
߰ʮ̫̫ҲϲĲ, , ʹʹشӦˡ
ȥֹǰ, װλҲҪȥġ
һʮ, ˺üţ
һȺֵؽ˳, Ϊڶ, ȥʱҵס, ҲѾҵסˡ
ϴѧǸԺ, Զ˲٣һҪˡ
껹Ǻϲһ䣬ƺɽˡ
˼ѧͬͬס, ʱ̹۲ѧѧϰ״
һߺһЦ, ǸȥȥӰ, ǵʱס
ֻĬ, ⵹ǲ, ϷȥĻǵùܳס
ؿڵû, ֻҪüˡ
ǺΪ١
һ⻰˶, ١ι϶
ɲǼһԺӣȥĸҡ
ǵһϢ
ʮһ˻ûף١ĵ, ʮˣǴСŸ׶ϰֵġ
Ҳǳɰ
١Խ˼ˡ
Ҫˣʲô¶λӣߵͦģι֮ⲻھơ
һԣˣϽ꣬õʱ˰ɣ
ˣ
ⶼˣѧϰ

ͷԵĳ극˵̫ˣҲɹǣʱһһ档
˽Ӿסڸڣ극һ
ԶԶƼǼÿű飬ͣͣ౳С
ǹˣӭȥԼѧƵģ˶һǰ
һȨģ֪ҪʲôˮȵץýѽˣôϢϢǱߵļѧȥȥˣ˵ҪЩʲô飬øСϾѵóһΡ
Ǻһ
ҿɲѧḻֻܿܲ׾ˣ
οʲôʱܳţԺԽ֮еʱҿ˵˵ʦܣҪǽεʮ˾ˣ⼸굽ɽˮʶɲСط˼ҼʶĿǴء
⻰ҭֱۣ⼸ξûɹŻҪһԵæЦŲ⣺ˣλθԵİѽͶأ
Դꡣ
ϧ˿ڸƱ飬׶ǡ
ͼƷԼֻ˻֡
Ҳ˻֣Ǵкˡ
ΪԼˣƵͺˣԱߵĴ͵
ԴǱݣһʱ⻰ûӦ֪صʦˣ
˵ŤͷȻ¶һŴЦء
ҲһЦݡ
Ťͷ顣

ΪҪأ˭֪Ǻתȥˡ
Ц꣬ѧʱסһݡ
Ǹڷܿ̿ĺúӣӴӴһҪཻС
͵ͷ
ط֣ʦܣߵѧϰʽ֮ˡ
һѾؿԼʦһۡ
û֣С˵ǰڸѧ飬Ǳûʲôõķ
һֽ̽ѧȥˡ
ͺ˵һʦȥҰˡ˵ٳ˹ȥ
ҲòˣͰ˸ƣѺıꡣ
ư黹͵ҲҪ𣿡
꿴˿
˵徭Ҳǰµĸϰһ顣
ʱ䶼ûʱ飬Ͼʱ̬ͦġ
ͺñȡѧʱϰ֮ῼʱ
౳Ǽû
͵ҾͿĲ֡
ˣ˯Ѿزˣ˵ʵڶ飬пܿʱʮζϣҲпãһϳͱˡ
͵ʲôҲұҲ
ԼԶ㣬Ҫˡ
ͣ

˵ʦֵܣƢһ㶼
˼ֱһʡ
һǸɵۣţо˵öͦ˼ԼҲ˶֮С
֪Ķۣˡ
ֱˣԺ˵ƣ˲ͣ
һۣٱֱŤĶֱ֡
ʱ۰ɡ
еˡ
ڸѧЩɲǰ׸ɵѽೣĿ⣬ͱҪһЩһ¿١
Σٹ۰ɣʱѺҲһϡ
ӺãС˵ѧʱǺôģʹԼĳɼߵرԡ

ѧ̵ĺá
ʦʵһ˵ͱѧѧϰˡ

˵ˣԼѧһ㶼ɣֹҪ飬ö壬ôһ˻ص䣬̲ס̫ˣ
סĽ졣
ЩѧղŴӽϹҪô죬Ҫô飬ÿ˶ϲģǼ黹
ʦֻ˳˹ӡ
ԽԽƣ
ϲ˱ˮ϶ԼĿѽе׵ģǼûлˣȿʼˣ㻹벻Ժˡ
ǸԵʱסһ
ô˵أôѧϰġ
ǰһֱǴӺá
һסһ£֪ڷŬǿ϶ģÿΣٻϸعһ顣
ѱʼǷңôҰæмʲô©ĵط
˵ţѾϴˡ
ȥʱõģʱ˵ЩݵòԣվĶͦһ飬ڲһˡ
µĴ˶͵ʳ
ϲķ֣ԼҲеˡ
˵̫ԣǾԲӲ濴͹ĶƤˡ
վһҲǱֱֱģٲҲ·ʱϵȥ
໵ؽ
ӣʼԳš
պϲԺ꿴ŵֱۡ
Ťͷ˰ɣ㻹ۣ
ҵ㼡⣬С
񣺡

ԼѾͲ֪ƣ
ϷģʲôʲôڶȥܲʱвѣǺһɤӣ봲ˡ
Ƕ˵ʦѧ
ҲûҪǸһ˶֮ģ׳һ⣬ü·ϱ߱ۡ
ſڸպһȺ档
ĵͦ𾢣ҲˣһȺ˻λƵľ͵ѧĲٳϡ
һСõȴΡ
ɨһۣ̲ס˿ôˣ
һֱоԼСسǣ˿Ҳ򣬶˿϶ǧ
֪ǰЩˣҲ˰ɣ
ѹ𣿡
˵⻰ʱǿģѧоƨࡣ
ͷ˵Ѿ˸ԣЩ˴ûʲôϵ˭˵׼ÿԶ˳ͨ
ԣЩǱھ֡
ʶľȭͷ
꣬һǰʲôֻᡣ
꾪Ϊʲôѽ
Ϊ㳤øߣһվҶܿ
˽ӱŵôߣҪǾ׳ɤŴ㡣
꣺

Ͳࡣ
ҽʱ۾Բˡ
Ҳ̫ţˡ
⺢ʮֻ˾ˣʮһţʮδʮһٶ
ѧˣڼμǣμӴǡ
ֹѧԣؼǼҲǳá
붭һҴ壬ȶһҪôһ
ʿˮп
˼һվȺһӴﲻĸ߶ϰ
뾭£ľ͸ˡ
ֱü£ź֪վѧиⲻ֪
Ц˸ơ
ŵȥ˲ٵĵط϶ظܵͬľķչ
ɤͦġ
Ҳȴ۹ġ
һͿƾ֮⡣
˿٣òԿƾҲ󣬳Ŭѧϰ֮⣬궼벻ʲôڻԵʱԵʡľ˾
⿴ػ߸о٣ٵ֪
ԣĻһϣܳȥߡ
磬ڼǿˡ
лϲͬ飬Բͬˣͬһ飬ҲҳĽ취䷽ʽ
˳һĽ顣
ǰһ
붼룬ſھ˺⡣

νѾʱ
һȺ˳ȥԷʱƵ꣬иû
ǹھ˷⡣
ͺñ˵
ƿˣƷе
á
ԣɲ˺ۡ
ƣ
ΨֻԼ׽ˣǲ¡
¾͵˵ʥϣǸΰǰ졪᰸ˡ
ΪСʵ顢ؼңִ߹ϵһֻ۱һֻۣԭ֪ùûк̨֮⣬µĻ϶̡
߰㴦̻˲ˣŪ˲ӡ
ŵҲ࣬ʱҲ̫֮С
ӺͿľôˡ
Ǹ˵è£ֿʼ
˵ƺǺ
ʵǺ£Ҳ÷ɣҪúۺһҲܣпܰؼҴȥ
ﳹϴơ
ǳӯˣ
ЩĻҲ͵㵽Ϊֹ

Ǹһλϵ
֪ĸԵͷѧĵҾ֪ĶС
εֱЬס
ԷԼһԸ˳۽ѧ⡣
ſߵ̫ˣڿɿɿˣ
ȥسǵԺתתˡ
ͷһ˵ʲôóԵĲɣ
سҲһˣͷһ˵ط
ƽĿ˵ҪȥԼȥǿɶȥԺٸ˵Щ
˲䶮ˡ
ӦǱصĹ¥֮ġ
Ҷͬ⣬̧ͷͦصԸȥԸȥǵʱɱĽҡ
ϲʼ磬Ҫ֪ˣǻ»ɲɣ
Ųӻ뷴
Ѿǰͬ˵껰ˣͷϷ˵ˣЩʱһ۽εݣʱЩѧȥǼɵøϷ򳤵㸣ϷһһӵĻӡ
˵ࡣ
ղ⡣
ŵòˡ
Ȼƽʱߴߴͷ࣬Լ˳ɤʣҪһһһ͸о
кüζƵĿꡣ
ظܾˡ
о⹫θдƵġ
ǰ˵õĹÿ˽Ӷ⡣
е˽̫پûᣬʦÿһʦִü򵥡
ʵѧһһһᡣ
ôλ࣬һܽһڿΣֻҪܲϢһֱ˵ȥ
һ⣬ϹŽ
˵ƶȵĺ뻵ٵҲһһ
һ磬Żش⣬ûߣξͽˡ
һõСϼʮҳ
ؼҲ
Ŵһȥʱ˳һ䣬ǾλúЩ
գ˼һ档
ϲպԱߣһϲλݻ϶ǵ㵽ΪֹȥĶԼϻ
ιĸо
ֲ˼ģøʺɡ
ʾͬ
ˡ
ƺɽ˵УҲŵ˵ͷ
˵˵ɡ
꣺
ʵоɫɣţ㵽ΪֹΪѧһ̷ǳߡ
Ȼʵϴ󲿷ֶ̣ͨ꣬ԭҲǼá
ȻҲп˶Էĺȣ֮˼֮⣬ûõóֵġ
ͷԵʱռٵÿʱ򶼲ԾϣУҲյķΧ֮ڡ
Ϊ˺͵ˣǽεķʽһص㣬㵽Ϊֹ漰ǳ
һôΪϿʵĶضϣôһԼԼҴ𰸣ǵøο
ȱǮʱ䡭

ǳ극ȥѧݡ
ǺһȥͷСȥˣϳʮǿƵؼ˽
ĸ˺źã


˯ǰģԺʲôʲô
һͱ
ƨһӣеܣһＸ˭˵Ŀ¼ÿ˶ڲһ飬Լ鵽
ٶһ
ֻ̾˿鷭˳
ǰסһһ£ûٰڼٶġ
ºʼԼҵĺ벿֡
Ǵͷʼżһ£ʲô׵ĵط֪˶졣
ʹĲӵ꣬ж٣
۾ˡ
Ҳ߰յƣЩ̫ãıǿ׶޹ˣ촽ϷһȦĺڣ˺Ƶġ
߾ʣһˡ
ҷʱ͸ݴҵ黹ѧϰĽȷֵġ
ƻʦ֣ϲֺֿãϸ
ڣдʱ򣬻ٴٹһ飬һٶȾˡ
͵ˣʦĵĻ㣬де
˸ڿˣ
˵ţλˡ
ûꣿ
˵õĲַ
ҲԴԽԽϲѽ˭⣿
оݣıʼǣȫȥӡˢɱˡ
Ƶǰ⣬ǰѴõ飬ĿΣϴҾͶסˡ
´ϿҲѧƼƼ
ƼˣҲǰôϸ
ۿҪʼˣæǸʱ䲻ˣǻ۲ۣ
ѵ˵˾˻ˣհɣպĳһۡ
񣺡
ֻܿ




64.  126-128   +үү+ǡ

ڶǸѧһλ, Ƕˡ
Ŷѧһʱ䣬ڿεķʽѾˣԱʼ, ôһ, ʱٶȿһ롣
ԭվҪ̻ؼҵ, ˭֪һ, , һǹѧϰ, ǴҾһա
١żװѧһȥˡ
ôһ, صҾͽ¡
Ժֻʣˡ
ǻ߰·, ҪǰȥӦһ»ټȥ·Ҫʺϵʱ䣬Ѯ͵ó
ʱּ֮һ
ԣʱ, ԴҵҪ͸ϸˡ
ÿˢ֮󣬱ѵԾ, ϻȥÿıʼǡ
ǰÿ»Ϣա
Դӻ֮, , Ϣյʱ, Լҵѧسǣһ𼯺, ѧѵص㡣
˽ֻ˹˸ԣһҲž, ھ¥Ҹոպá
һıʼǿʱȻ, ӭ꼾
ǱԴʼ꣬ͣ˹һͣ߰졣
ꡣ
꼱ֱתȦͷͨѶ̫ˣҲ֪ô

´˫ڴٵǰһȥɽΪڱأߵʱ˵ˣҪǱ߶졣
Դ¿ʼͼֵ꣬Ҳｭˮȡ
ˣɳƲá
˵Ǳߵɽˣ˵ɽҲˮͲס
ǰĴ󴨹˵ǱЩΪһ꣬Ĺӣû뵽̫һˣЩҲܲˡ
ͷҩĻС
µڶʰ˫һȥˡ
ҪȥģɼﻹžƣѾûжʱڼæˡ
һǰسǸɱȥˡ
³ȥƣûǴһꡣ
ؼСԺ㲻
֮󣬻һ£סʱӻСˣ²µûʲô¡
ǰ죬˵ҵĳɸտʼ©꣬ǰסˡ
ĸ˵˱һλס
ҵϷ֮⣬סｭߵһЩʹż˰ᵽ˸ߴ½½һЩ̫õϢ
ټţһصĹʣûɱ·ϳ£˵XXXX壬ǱӶˡ
һŵˡ
©ˣסںӱߣɽҲ֪ô
ûʯʲôģ
³ٳδ飬һ˵Ķϰµġ
ÿۣͷһ¾ʣ𣿡
ʵżϳ˺üݣûأżСˣָ·ˣǰ첻ǴѾȥ𣿡
ҪʵڲУԼҲȥһˡ
ʱߵʱ򣬾͸˵Ů˼ұš
ȥҲ٣ˣ˭֪Ƣ󣬶˵ȥˡ
˵ʲôȥģڵǲ˺͹ϳļڡ
ûƷ֮ǰÿҪȥһεģԴʼƷ⻹µ׵ʱȥһΡ
¸ûͣ
ҪҺһȥɡ
ȥʲôϾҪˡ
Ҳûѧϰǡ
Դ֪һԭװӦͬһʱ֮Ͳһˣ¶ôооͦС
һһ֡
ЩֻǶ
İɣࡣ
˵ҲûõȥɤӶˣҲ˺ôһ顣
εʵΣӻ֣ˣȥѧϰɣддû
껹û
ΪЩһֱ꣬˽ӵķҲе©ÿնһƪǻдд֮󣬵ڶ콻ȥٰµĿû
Ѿǵˡ
ĥߴһᣬֻûдȥˡ
ѵôã·Ѿᳵ죬˳ذѲݸ˳
ϸĥһ飬³ֽϣˡ
Ͻʱͽϸš
ϵ꣬Զˡ
̧ͷͼһϸ滹ɰ
Цζô
˵˰Ķ棬˫ؿ
걻е㲻𣿡
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ʳջ
ǰϣϵЩӣ˭ʱҪ棬Ψ
յøһЩ
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϶óԵġ
Ǵǰģ滹˼ΣرĽ
ζ˿ڳ
ϵע½һ˸⣬֪ãԽԽˣһһ롣
Цó𣿡
ͷ𣿡
ҡͷԺÿﶼ
꣺
滹øһ꣬ţɺ֯Ůѽ
һ£Ҳûס۵Ŀ
Ϊ⣬Сûʽգ֪ǳ氡
뵽ˣϿ޵øˡ

æ˹ֻ޴ںϡ
Ҳźһᣬϲ˵ԭɡ
꣺
û뵽ԭ³ա
ϸһ룬ȷʵԭļûйʲôյĻ档
ȷʵͦ
ϿһöˣĨĨѧϰɡ
˵ȥˡ
һ뿪̣ǰգô˵ѽ
ҪǾ²ڼңһ鲻ãĺ˼ֻԼǹˡ
ӵ˼յ꣬ǵԭҲˣҸպûʲô£ˣףףɣ
СǱ˵ˣվȥǡ
˭֪һֱҲû˼ߣպóŽЩóԵģҲǸǰˡ
ϵװɡ
Цʲô׵ģָǰѷպˣСǾͻˡ
ҹͣͣϿʼС꣬ҪǸ·Ҳԡ
ϣ
˵ģ˰ѷպãº˫ˡ

أôʱ䡣
ʱ¸ϵʱ춼ˣֻڴ峤סڶɽϾ˴ꡣ
һûͣ
峤Цһˡ
ôʱ䣬պµĿȥˡ
±ͣ˵ɽϿȻ˲ȥе㲻ֵ֪һ߰졣
ͣˣҲûɽ
ǣŽС˺˫˻ˡ
ǱߵԣҪɽࡢݶ࣬ɽ廬µĻʲ
·ϵҲеĺЩ
˵꣬˿ЦȻˣȻȥдҵˡ
оǸде㲻̫ù

»ĵϣͣˡ
ڶ죬ѵõĳ˸̫ҪȥǵʱԽԽ
˽ӻԼҸƷˮ¡
طȰѽõ¸дˣֿ˻飬²ŽԼҸߡ
תͽķ䡣
ʲôʱߣ
ա
ؽʲô߲˲ģҲûϸ֮߰˲ܳš
ͬгþ֮⣬ԣһΪųò
Ƕ˵ˣһõд꣬һȥ㡣
µܵôϰҪƣǸպǵĳһߡ
ϰ壬ҲǼңǲûŵĵط
οϴ˵ˣѹԺլǡ
֪·ϲ̫ȫϰˣ·ϲ˵లȫ϶ס޳ʳһЩΪ˼߶ˣʲô·ʲôЩͷһγԶŵҪ׺ܶࡣ
Ҳ˵˲ѽ
ؼⲻǴѾ
ϸʮ壬ϻӡɽӺϲһȥƽ˳˳еӡ
˵ⶼôʦġ
ÿ˻˺üء
ҪǲߣӾͰ׻ˡ
£

ƼϰƵĳˡ
ϰԹˡ
ĵôҽðɣ
֪Ҫȥǣǰ˼գպøճ
Ĵָã
ʲô¶뵽ˡ
¼ϰһߣҲ
ʱϰԵǮ
ˡ
治һǮҲûɶǮĵط
ϴȥѧǼŮЩ֬ˮۺΣӣϺĸ˫ϲϲذ͵ˡ
Ψ»ڳ
Уûͷ
ĥĥĿӢʮ㣬οɨȦĪǸ̫̫
һ̫̫ôҲǸŮѽ
̫̫һˣӦԼ
ÿ泯ģΪһֱڹϣҪô͵ܣɹúڲ౵ģ˲٣ʱװͦġ
ˣʱ֬㣬λ
һ飬һµͷ
ŮУĪʵдŮ
ʹã˼ҲŮ˵Ķ
ҹСⲻһͷĿͷ
OMG

걻ֿµͷκ
۹Ǵµջˡ
šüʲôأ
졣
߶һ䣬ܰɣ̫ˣ
챻ɽǵˣȻǸүү
ʲô
ҪҲ̫ˡ
ֱһ׼ˣԴڳײһ£Ż۹ŹִֵµɨһȦ
ҪĻоͦҡ
Ǵһָ꣬˵ˡ
ȷԼԽǸ֮˵Ťиͷ
ΪʲôΪû£ò
£
꣬߶ʲôأ
չֳͷվŵ˻˻֡
񣬻ȥԴǸͷ˵߰·ôȹѽ
ܸܲɵۣҲһֱ˯ǡ

һ˵ŵһ£ò룿ڳ۹ΰɡ
Ц˼𣿡
˵·ϲдֻ֣ҪˣǾͲʲô
ɽã⼸ʱ˷˶ϧ
ϲСϲӣҲôΪ𣿡
ϲͷ
֪Լɼǡ
Լٲõʱ䣬ٲŬһѣԺ֮ԽԽ
عŲӵɣҪǮûУҪһ
Ǵس·ߵģͺʦѾǶˡ
Ϊϰ廹ƣ·ϱеߵûҪ
ǽʱĿ⳹һ顣
ѾʮԺˡ
ǰϰ˵ˣǣϰóѻֱͻȥżȥ˹Ժҵլӡ
Դ˼žͿʼ۲ܱߵΡ
ֱԶСǣһ㶼Ƚ󣬴ҴѺܶ඼ǷǻҼֵġ
Խ߽ѵɫԽŮͷϵҲˣǾ͸ˡ
ֹűǴ󣬾ҲǸߡ
Ǹ̶֥ƽرˡ
˲ǵĸϽţ

ϲ꣬Ƴʲôû
ͷǮ
ĿǰǮĳУʡ͸˰ɡ
˵Ǯѽ
һʡˣҲ֪Ǹʲôģ
ԭ껹ãиţʮûʲôͲˣڣͻȻȥƣǱߵķ
˵곯͢˴ߣ˶һĳУƫƫǳ͢Ȩ󣬶Ľ˹
ֵߵĶǮˡ
͵ֹǮر󡣡
һзȨسǿľ¥һ˾Ӫ˼ʮ꣬üˣͽ߼ѽͱȼＸʮҪöˡ
껹˵Ҫֺأ
ǣĿǰѰĸǿء
˵˶˲Ǯô
࣬һһ䣬ų˴ʱŵ˹Ժ
ϰ·˳ҽǵľ¡

֪ǽҪϢһ죬ڼǣ˾ϯ
ţŷ֣Ǯ
լִɣƫƫסˡ

һ߸ˡ
֮⣬˶մ߶
ιʱ򣬴֪ҲǮס˽˵լӣԸԴӼһЩɽز֮Ķ
ͻһֻ죬һ·ϻչ
&gt;_&lt;
ι̳ľơ
˵Ʒ֡
¹СҶࡣ
룬طҿûӻ壬ȻȨ
ں¸˸Ӱ塱
ƻǣ뱭֮УֳɫŹˡ
С복ЦסǼңǼҵĸʲôѽ
ƿɲ
ġ
ߵҶ˵·ͨˣ˾Ļ̡
¾ƣܷͽȥ
һ˰ѶһߺСһȥүơ
鷳ˡ
Ц鷳ʲô汻ͷѡˣɾǶһˡ
ס

ϰ͵תҪߣסЦ缱ʲôѽ˶ˣҲ٣պиһ
ϰЦӦһ
ȥסĵطˡ
ôͷһס䡣
ʰãϴûɾѣʱ㲻㣿
ϸһŻе㵭ζ
õ廨
ȥϴʱ򣬿Ա߷˻꣬˳һ˵õģЩ
û뵽㰡
ⱲӶûô˵ʵǵ˿ѽǶ붼ģ̳ʲô¶᲻ãǳʱ㡣
ǼҵĻÿ궼˷ˣȥ֮ѻ궼ÿá
꣺
ǱҲУֻһԼǸˡЪ˼
ôһˣȻϲζ
һĻͣ˻˭ϵζš
ĬĬм˳

극һᡣ
֣⸽
ʱǿˣлѧд£˽һ¶Էķһܸõдµʱոȡ
ʱ仹磬պóʱ򼸱顣
ԺǰͷмիҪȫЩֻ۸ЩعԱдºʫ֮⣬оາѧʿ¡
лתҪߣЦȱ𼱣Сǹȥ
꣺
ǳ˼ҵס˼ҵģ˰ŸΡ
ʲôԺϢˣǶٻҪմĹأ
꣺
⻰Ǹѧİɡ




65.  129-131   С++

իһ, вӡ
Сڲͦãһһ߽ܱߵΡ
һҵóԣ˵ó
˵ǴʲôԵĶ, ϰæ
λʲôҪֻܸС, ʱ, Ǽҹ˵, Сĸҵӡ
СĴСǳ, ǵĵ̶ġ
ʲô, óԵĶҵ

, طǮ
Ƶ֪С𣿡
Сͷ, ֪ģȥˣ
Ƶͷ
иĸ޵ߣ֪Ҫˣĸ˰·, ԼҽӸ
˵߰ǰȥһΣ, һ˶, Ҫǻҵ, Ͱⶫ
Сʲôʱȥ, СĶԡ
ȿ԰ɣ
Цº͡
Сͷӵʱֻܺұ, СĻ֪СǱӣץзǿ, պץзԡ
˫һ
ǵʱȥɡ
ڶȥˣ⻰˵ִ
Ц⡣
˵꿴꣬ҲЦŵͷѽ, ôʱ䣬ʱȥˡ
ˣʲôˣ

һիţƹӭ˳ЦŽֱŵ˷ѧ͸̨ǰ
ƹЩӣҲЩˡ
ΪҪˣĿҪٵж϶ԷϲãһЩЩӦ
ԣ۸Ҷġ
ԭȻţٹҲ˶٣ÿһܹԵġ
һʼ۸һٵļ˰ӡ
ͫһ
ǽſư
һٺٵĸһ̨Ҳˣﺲѧʿļ
һҪ˶ʮ
лΪѧʿļûۡ
̨͸ٵļ۸ҪһЩôࡣ
ȥʱƹЦٶѾǴźˣ߱ˡ
꣺
ٶ˭
ƹӽʱûƼǵưɡ
ߵСģƹ֪ϴ˵ԼѣʱҪԣΰٵ¸

ʱûעơ
˿̱һѣſۣȻԱиӡ¡ǡ
ԣիʵҵĲҵ
ô˼һһġ
ס˼ҵլӾ͹˼ˣ˼ҵٲǮ
˵žͰƱŵϡ
ƹֻЦǿ治գٶҵѣҵѣǹⲻȥ´μٶң˵˵֮䣬ʲô²˵ɱΪСġ
ƹǮ
СҲһȰ㣬ǹȥ
ֻðǮָ
´Ҹ

ǰµģʲô¶뵽һ
˹ܰͷ㵽βȥ
ƵСܷǵԺǱơ
ҵլ˵빱Ժͦģ߹ȥһ̶ӡ
СŴȥԺǶ˸㣬ٴλصѾ͸ˡ
˺Щ·һ϶붯
ɽ
ϴȥʱΪˮ˼ҩ
˵˿ˡ
γǰҲǰ׼ģټϰ··ϳԵĺȵĵǶɸɾҵţ˴򣬸˵ҩ˵ǵƢθġ
ˣɽ˴˿Ҳе㷢ס
˽ط䣬˴ƣȷΪˮЩϢձˣҲŷ
ôһڣ͵˶졣

ϰʰãǰ˻飬˳һ·ļһ£ϴ˯
Ϊ˰㣬ڶʱѾˡ
ʱҲǸ
½½ӸԵ
ɽϢһϣöˡ
ſϵС˵ǰϵͦóԣȥ𣿡
ʦֵȻᣬȥ򡣡
ɽֱӣЦûô˭һȥԡ
ζˣϧʱ岻Ҹմҳ극û˼ڡ
ͷƿ۾ȥѽնҽ˵ˣȥԵġ
ϲȥȥС˵Ǽҵ⽡
ȥȥģ

⽱ȴеĻҪóԡ
ζҲ׼ʱְָ
ˣ
ζϧһҲͼ붼ȥˣоˡ
ˣҵס
òװһķȥˣҪǰһԺȣƺܿͻ᳤ġ

¶ʮ
뿼Իʮ졣
˸ʱƣͷڴһ鷿
ÿȥ˺һҳ
ĸλٵ»ûأԣҳ극Ծܡ
һ鷿ţǽϴĵʱһ򻰶񶼹ԹԱ죬ֱҪ顣
꼸ǰû¾Ͱ£Ҳǰķһͺʦе£ָ˵һ顣
ǰ£Է㣬ʵȵȡ
оһ¶ԷϲʲôĶ
ΪֻһԴҶͷͷſģ˰Ѹ˿Ĺ۵дͳһǡ
ôһϹȥˣҲŰƪ¡
ɽǿ֮ǰꡣ
͵Ҿõܿ꣬۵ƪ£ѧ˵ģ´ǲǶ𣿡
ƪһȽϣͷм䡢βôһ
ѧϰ߿ͷֱ⣬ǲ䷽涼ͦصģ껹е
꣺

͵˼Ȼʱ̫ˣͿصɡ
ļ飬϶ȼ񿼹ٵĿˡ
ѧдļˣÿƪࡣ
ֻҪҿԵʱעˡ
ôһᣬҾҲеǺǰһ£дһƪôһ࿴
ķȷʵλѧĲࡣ
Ϊûɶʻ㣬ԷӦһ
>_<

˵ûš
Ӧ֮ϰһˡ
ܲ飬緹ʦһѧϰ
ʱ䲻֪͵Ժһ졣
СͷμԺԵͯǧ˰ˡ
¼ȡʱȸԺԿҪ͵öˣһ£ǰһˡ
ǧˣ¼ȡ߰ʮӡ
Ϊǰ£ÿ궼ܳҲĶ٣ɴ˰ɡ
볡ڶ࣬Լоû˯أͱСˡ
Ŷκرٲ󣬰˸˽ȥ
ǶĬһᣬѶźãſǶһᣬһУٴۣѾˡ
ԾͷԱߣûߡ
Ĩ˰ѺĿܴĿǣܱʼ顣
ϸ顣
̲סһ
ɣ
еǰŸպ۹Ϊ̫ƧˣпһԼȥի飬ַ˷飬ͷôһ⡣
ͺʣһϲ֪ʮûֹǼ˱΢һ
ͻⷭ˷ϲ˲顣
û뵽վȻˡ
걻Сϲ˹һĥīһϴ⡣
Զʦּ˿

һԣⶼ̫ѡ
ܶ಻ıʼ￴Լ
Ҫôʦһ۹
Ȼٶȿ죬ôһǱ࿼ʱ仹硣
˹ԺţƼʦֺǡ
С˱裬Ҫȡ
æллллԼ
˵գһűӣһҡӣֵʦǻû
ܱѽ
͵ʦֺʦȻȥˣղųʱʦ˵еͷΣ岻̫ãʦȥȥˡ
ϲû
ʦֲ˰ɣ
ϳ̫磬ҹرɹ˳ʱ̫͸ƵģɹƤ
⣬ͼλɹò
Ϊʦ̫ˣر׳ʹѣҲȵúһصգѾӶʪˡ
ʱֻһͷ
һıȥˡ
>_<

͵ǣҼʦ̫á
̾Ϣ
ɽϴθԾͱȱֵƽʱܲʱٶһǰ֣һʱ򻹲Եжͻ
ȥˣʦȴչûС
ֵһᣬϲ½½ĳ
صңһɽѾҩϢȥˡ
ʦû°ɣ
ҡͷãֻеˣû¶
껹ſŷ쿴һ£˯ͦ죬˿
˽ﻹϣһγʦֶһԺԡ

ڵڶ컹Ŷӽ
ʰã˯ȥˣôڴ껹е˯š
ȥ˱
ֱ쳹׺ſ˯ˡ
ڶ죬첻ͱС
ÿЩԵġ
ССƼӵ;ûôԣո˱ģϲϿζ
궼˼˵ԼΪ˯ˣ˳Էʱ䡣
ֻøСлνȥֱ˯һо

˯úܺãҲ˳
ʱСҴ̶࣬һС̳װ˲ٵı
Ӳӡ
һ㣬˳ֵݸС㣬Լҵһ롣
С˿ˮл
Ҩһ׵ĹɣʵҪҪҾҲóԣټӵ㻨͸ˡ
˵žͼӵС

γ硣
Сµĵϱ߳Աߵȴҳ
ʦֺʦֽջû𣿡
СҡͷճĿ湻ģС£ǵν˳
Цɱ㼪ԣף˳óɼ
Щܲܰ׻
Сöеסˡ
һ붼ˣƺͲһǰһسˡ
Ҳǵһɽ
ûʦȱ𼱣ȵࡣ
С
ôҸȡ
˳ʲôʲôÿ˵һ룬ǡʱıسˣϲʲôأҲһ룡
ɨһȦ￩һ£ʦǳ˻û
ճʱȥˣգ
Ƶûأ˭һ𣿡
Ҷҡͷʱɽе̫ãСȷ˻ᣬƻˣ˸ͻȥˣԸǡ
յ˺һᣬ˳
˲оı඼ˡ
СЦұģǽճͦģӳʱ˶˲ǡ
Ҳˡ
⻹öлء
е⣬Ǵ÷ɿѽǰƵġ
ɷҲɽоԼ
յм죬
˵϶԰˾Ųʮˣ
˵ţϲɽ˳ˡ
·еΣٹȥѽ˹һһ亹ŵͷһͻʦ֣оô
ɽǿЦЦãϢһͺˡ
֪˶࣬춼˯ͦ磬Ͳס̫ˡ
˵ֿʼ̫ɹ
СûҸҨֻ࣬˱²衣
ɽ̧꣬ϣٻȥ˴
˵ĺࡣ
Ҳʲô顢飬һ±ơ
ҩš
ҩɽֱ˯ȥˣҲԵòࡣ

֣ͦȣɽô˵أǱһɡ
ҽĿ⼸򵥵һɡ
ϻʱһ
һ֪֮ҶͰ͵ȿԡ
꣺
ʦֵ꣬㲻֪ɼˣҼһֱ˯ÿٷӵʱһ£㻹ûѡ
죬ʵе
ûô磬Ǹӣʱ
ҲһᣬûҶ˯˯ѵģˣû뵽̫ˡ
ʵҾÿǰ˯һỹǿԵİɡ
Ҳûʲôοƽʱڼĵ㶼ˣҲһ˯ڲǡ

ұ˵ˡ
ɽͲã컹һֱš
죬˵˯һСᣬԿԵʱˣٽȥʱ˵ûʱһţôֵ˿Խ
ջǵһ
ɽʱܹȥסˡ
ɽƿЦģһо̫þͺǣڸоС
Ҫ˯һԣ˶ˬġ
ЦǾͺãʦֽմͦ˳İɣôһǶʮ˸
Ҳͦá
ɽЦǿãͬһ졣
ʱǰӦó˰ɣ
ɽͷҪϰ͡
ϴڸǴΣ͵͵һ£ҽҩѸǸҲ͡
Цǿ϶õѽҷβˣϴĶ԰ɣ
˵꣬ССʱҲȥѽҪʦʡǮ
һᣬСҲ½½ˡ
§Ĳӵ갡˵˿ȥҽԷģ첻ѽ
Ц϶ڣһǮ
УҪ꣬Ѿˣ
о͸ոպã·ϣ˸ҴٵĶ
񣺡Ҫɣ

˵ԷͺòԶֵܳ
ϴںҴôʱ䣬ʱһˡ
Ҹղŵǵʱ򣬿Ѿȥˡ
ʱкţԼһȥ
ѪҲ֪סĶ
ǰʱ䣬ΪæŸϰҼţÿ緹Сæģ緹ϰġ
ر򵥵ļˡ
СЦȻȥɣС֪λסĶһȥ͸




66.  132-134   ϲ+ڻ+ծ

塢ֵ, סڹԺԶһջ
˵ҲΪ˺á
ͷһͦЩѽ
ϴã嵭ѣ, ɫԼѡ, ͦ
ʽҲԼ, Լġ
ҸоͦС, ؿڸ˸CHINAıʶ, ϵһ, ˵ԺǮ, ҿӡʯ, Լӡ¡
о̣
ѵõĻ˸
Ϳ̲סڣʦܣҪȥ
Ӵ̽ͷ, ȥѽ
걻˵ͷƤһը֣
ϲҡͷ, һ, ȱ˰ӡ
꣺
ûȥ, ˵תߡ
ЦǺ˵, ÿġ
갵˿ҪǴҶѡİƵĺÿ, ôֻ˵ǶҪѵѧ
·ϣʱʱҪô, ꣬ʲôʱôһѽĺܹ
, ⻨ܼ򵥣ǿȴ˳ۡ
һƾ;ǸǮˡ
һͦĻ
ϸģ˵ûǰˣǰߺõʱģһһ£Ǽ򵥵ơ
½Ҳͬ·
ǹ긮Եʱ򡣡
ʱʵǰ˲٣ܶѴϸƵģʱ¾ͺô˵Ҳݵˡ

ǣ˾ͺϼٸüʵѡ
ʱȥǲμԺԱЦȥ
ǣ˼ȸջؼҵʱ˼Ѵϵǻġ
´βõʱңʱ˼˵Źûѡ
ϲޣ͵
տ꣬¶֪أԷŹ
˵ȥһԣô˵أ˵ҽϲš
üһ
ɶϲ
һ𾪵ı顣
һͯԣڶ϶ǹԺˣٺ٣Ҫˣ
˻Ȼ
빰ֺϲϲ

ҹȥʱ塢Ѿˡ
Ц˹
߿˫۶Ź⣬߹ӣѽ
꣺̫ˡ
ֱ˺ðɡ
꣬˵Ŷֻȸǵ͵˲١
ϦһֱԼ˲Ӣʲôģںǰ㣬ƽʱͺʮֲԸ
ƢòΪ
ɺ߲УСйСϦҲ롣
˴Сͻ˳ۡ
Ϧһ㶼ȥˣ߿Ǹ˻ˡ
ϦΪܴ죬ήһεҽôʱ䣬͵˲٣Ҳˣƽʱѧϰ˭̿࣬˵ÿ춼鵽ҹ
Ҫڣߵ꣬ɵõĵ㡣
꣺Ӧûɶϵɣ
ôᣬ˵οһҪ㡣
꣺
Һ
ڰɣ

;ûͣ
ҪȥéޣҲҪһȥ
Թҵλá
Ǹһȥİ
ſ캰˼һŮ񡣡
æͷϲ㣬ôˣ
˵չұԪԪƣô

Ц̫ˣһûôľ¥
ЦûУ㿼ô˵ϴ࿴ôϴθдţ˵¶ˣ㿼Իȥٰ졣
ڵһӾͺ
֨֨˺һᡣ
ͺ߻ʱͼץģһ֪ģ
Цֱ졣

ͺ߹Ǵ˵Ľ㣬ҲǰкСԪԪ˺á
ƵģһסǸ㣬Ƚȥˣʦǻ۽յĿأ
Цŵ˵ͷ
һת˿
ôҪǮˣ
һھͱˣܲܿڱտھ̸Ǯ
ǽôʱ䲻棬ôһᡣ
㲻֪
ԶԶһۣ˵ο̸಻˼
꣺ղŻ˵ϲһϲҪȢף
ʹޣ
Ͳõɪ

ЩӳԵȫǾ͵ķʱŬѧϰ͵Ĳ˶һЩر嵭ģǳԶ֮ϻֱ߳⡣
յĲɫζȫ
һʱûסͳԳˣͦѣͱųһԲԲĶƤ
ſ˺üΣͻȻֽӵˡ
һԺתȦҲ֪˶Ȧκ꣬˵ҴѺÿ𣿡
ôˣҪԣ
ǣҲ֪ϲҲ
꣺
Ҫ𣿻Щ

ԼˣڶҪһȥǵ䡣
ߵͦࡣ
һɽûʮҲ߰˸ˡ
ûоߵɽˮͽżֽˢˢ
߼ڻ˹õ̼ͷһȦֽϻر˳֡
߹ʲôǶû
˵ǹʻɣɹʻָ̫һ
衣
ʱʱˣñȹһȦȥûʱ衣
ԺԣоԼ꿪ʼһֱŵͻȻˣҲ˵ֻǾֽ׶ΣԷһˡ
Ȼǿر档
껭ϵĽһ̧ͷƼͷͦȣ𶯣Ͼͺã
˵꣬˸λԶЩ˳ֲ·򣬱һֽϻ
ҲҶͷֳ°ͣͰ͵㲻ڻҰɣ
ߵͷҶ˵Ͼͺãٶһܿ졣
ߣ

Сյʱ䣬Ż˸뺫߶Աһ£ˣԶˡ
߳˿ҪʱͼһСɳܹʩˣղ˵ˣϽȥʦɡ
꣺
СɳҲô࣬סܡ
ߵ߹ӣԼõģ
껹⻰ء
ԷԼܣСʦǲҴˣ
СɳֵûСʦһửʩģԺзǰʱ´걻ܻˣ˵˹޲ǻử𣿡
ղԼɵ£ˡ
Ҫ˵Ĵˣͼ߳գգ۾
꣺
߹ӣǹȥ£¡µıڻ¾
ҪǻԺ²ģ
Ҫ޲أ
Ǿ˵Ҵ¡
ԴСɳҲ֪ǵĻûҲһֱǰܡ
һͦͦ徻Ժ䣬ͼһʮĺеʩôƶɮ㽻һ£Ҫɽȥˡ
һʱеɵۣ˵Լǡ
ɴкСɳһǲǣԼ齻Ҫˡ
иԺıڻˣΪǸԺӺ˹ȥϸµͦʪ֮ûüǰʱȥɨʱһİˡ
⻭ѾʮˣҵǼһ̣ȥ¥գڻɱˡ
˼ң۸һֱû̸á
ⲻòһˣԷͷе£˽ղŹ
湻ɵѽ
еҪʲôֻ˵ʲôУֻҪˡ
ԼԸҪڻ£ȥơ
߿ĵ߹ӣ֡
꣺
֮ⲻھưɡ

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ﱣĺã⻭߰˳¡
еʩ׾ͺã⻭ɱŪˣԺ󻹵ء
֪⻭Ժ󻹵øһ˿أСɳִȥƻԺǿ˿˳ҪϺͲϸ
Сɳȥ׼ߣ˸ߺõ۵ĵطϸоˡ
߿ߵ⻭ɫˣҲûġ
˵꣬ԼСֽϼ
ߵܿⶫôɵģ
˾Ųʮ
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ԽԽѹⶼסˣ־ͽߵԴƿ
ûðĺá

Сɳ׼ͦ졣
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˼˰ɫӣʼīٶر죬һһ㶵ġ
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껭һˣʦùȥʦ˵һҪȻһҲǿô죿
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СɳֵҪġ
ŶҪţͼߺһͷһǰһĽˡ
һɫ
ͷȿڵСʦˣ⻭ﻵˣ
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Сɳ֣
˿ֿ꣬˿ͷʮֵؿڣˣͽѾ޺ˡ
ͷŻߵ꣬˭ͽܣ
εֱǡ
ߵᣬᣬ

ͷ¾Բᣬ⡣
СɳһᣬΪԼʱһֱСɮλʩպڻСɮ˵ʦһǼʲôͻʲôΪͽܣ⻭öãһ㶼ûûա
ͺֱۡ
ղСһź⻰˵˾Ȼ޷
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СɳֵǸղ˵ʲôأô˵ʲôǮǮģ
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СɳֻȻȷʵʦ˵ˣ˵ǰ˵ʱǸ˶ġ
ߵ˶٣
ŶӰɣ
꣺
һֱΪﻭڻѵѽ

겹껭ϸԭ飬ŻСɳ֡
СɳҪȥ칤Ǯӻֵˣˣ⻭ҿѾܱˡ
СɳֻȻԭǸգ´ﻹбĵطҪǻбĻ
һѾµ֮ǰԣȷŰˣҴžͻȥˡ
СɳЩź
ͺ߰æл˻ȥ뿪
ߵ߹ɫˮƽҲ̫ˡ
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Сʱͻᣬɫͦ׼
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˱߱ģ˺ʹԼص㣬ǡɿʱڶһλʦ֣Ҳʦֵǳ䡣
Ҽ򵥴˸к˼ǰߡ
ͻȻһѣϦǸСӡ
˳ָķ򿴹ȥͼϦվһǺ«С̯ǰ
Ǻ«һֱҲ֪ҪҪһ
ʶ´ˣҲȥ򼸸ɡ
ʵҲϲԵģͷûʲô죬оǰǺ«һһοˮ
ߵ߲ߣ㲻ȥҰȥ
Ϧȷʵͦ
߻ûȥͼϦӹȫ
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ȫˣ
öִѽ
һʱең֪ϲⶫȴ֪ôϲҲݸԻˡ
̾Ϣ߰ɣ϶ǡ
룬Ҳͦʶġ

ԼصϣСû
Сһۣλȥȥ
ȥ
ɽϳ͵֮⣬á
Ҫȫ꣬һǲܵģǸõڶȶˡ
ʱ䣬ܲ˶ǿȵɽȶе㲻ʹ
ճ緹Ժɹ̫ʽҪȥﲻ
ͼС˽ˡ
ɽʦֺϲ˸ţһ뿴˹ȥ
˱ôһһʱҲסˡ
СЦλعӵġ
ȫµġ
Ҫ˵ƻеܣΪԷѽ
ֱԷ˵⣬֪λһֱǷŻĿˡ
û뵽Էҵˡ
ǰ˵Է˭ص㶼͸¶

߻ġ
ϴλӰڣҪߵá
ż𣿡
һڣ͸оⲻϻ
ϰˡ
ϣȥ֮ǰѻߡ
û⣬պûʲô¡
ҪĻҲͺˣպܰԷһʱһ㶼˷
ǵȲȣȵĻղܻꡣ
ϴδĲݸ˹
ΪϵԺԽ֮ʱ䲻ôˣ˴¸˽ᣬʱƹ˵ã⼸ˡ
̫ˣۿ
걻һܵ˸þŵöˣεСؾС
ݰ߸˳öԷһ飬Ҫ޸ĵĵط޸ġ
ָ㣬ٸˣȫɽôһޣԱӵطе졣
ߵ֪ˣȥС塣
СǼǵõġ
һĴ˵
ЦǶһۣΪʱ͹ߵԭһִ첪Ȼɺ顣
ߵ㣬˵ŵɽϣûһɽСɽϼ֮Ӧǡô˸ƪ
ЦǼ̫үҲرϲǱߵľ˵¡ɽÿһ˵úࡣ
꣺
ԣ⻭ǳɹһ롣




67.  135-137   ʯͷ+ɴ+

⼸λܱΧۡ
Ҳϰ, Ҳҵ鷿ͦ
ʱѾ磬ͼڸĥī, 껹ر, ñһմ֪в, Ҫôˮ, Ҫôĥ
۵ͷ, ֵƨƨߵġ
ʱ, ֻʱ͸ѧ, ҲվԱ߰æ
һ, һˣǱһվСʲôʱʼģ
ʱ̰ɡ
ΪԭȾͻ˵׸壬Էһ, ҲûĶͶ, , 𲽻Ǻȵ, ٶҲ˲١
˿, ǲϢԷ
ǰЩҵ˵Ҫ߹ӻ, ڿԣ¸Ƶ˽ա
룬ҽֱˡ
ǱߵĿͻ̸, ʱ䶼ʱ
˿ܶˣǵûͣ, һ˳żѺīŨȲ̫ϡ֮⣬ûκˡ
Ȱ껭ɣҿǿˡ
ѾСϸʣڿʼϸˡ
ǿˣϸڻرڣʱ뻭˵Ƶģ⹴ˡ
еĵطûϣ˰ɫٹ¡
ϰǶ׼ˡ
͵СѾȥˡ

ֻϳˡ

껭꣬쵽ʱˡ
һȺ˿һ
ѱʷ£Щδˣ
ˣ
ٲͶˣڱûôˡ
ߵʦʣֱ
껢һס죬ҽʲô˭ʦˡ
ҸͱԼͽܣҲ±
ϻմīںӡ˸ָӡ
ߵ˵ģ㲻ΪͽҸĥīʲô
Ѫĥī¶ͯɵġ
Ҹ㵱ͯѽ
ۿûûˣæǰֹˣô
꣺
ֱӽƹĹ

ûعζ
Ҳû˻ԼƽʱڼҲģֻùе㲻ʣϸϵĻһŵÿϷϲζ
Ҫڣ϶ˡ
곤˿ٷû׶
ӡ£ӡȥͬʱֻСűʣָдˡ
Աߵӡɨۣսϸһƣӡľģ
ͷԼҵһСľͷоӲȻУһ
ΪľͷɢˣӡҲ̫ϸŤŤġ
ӡʱҲ̫һָѹˣֻôһӡ£żоӡʱֻ滭һʱ򿴵ر
ӡķʽֱ˼
ϴο١˿١ӡһʣüһＸʮģټϵ̣۸͸ˡ
ٶʼ֪˵ҲУʵز̫á
ʱԼžͱˣ١˵ͷͷǵŵôȥʯͷͷ
ľӡ¾ôˡ
ҪǲϷǶһʯͷ
æããá
λôǮʯͷű˲ˡ
û£ϷʯͷڼԼҲòϣЩҲܱ컯
껹ܾһѣСİɣϵʯͷˡ
ͷһҲаɣҪǹûôҲҪˡ

Ҫһᡣ
ϰǱߵķѾ͹ˡ
һԸ㷹
걻һ
ѵֵسһٷ
˿ˣСԱû
ֱֻĶӣͰ͵Ӧûܳɡ
һҸ档
ߣȥ
һҲ̫ˣ
סửﻭԲԣƼ캫һš
ϸ˿뺫߳ûСƵģĻһرУ΢鶼ܻ
Ҫǻͨһ۾˺ϳﷸ
Цһ㣿
ڵһºѵŤŤǣһ
ǺԲǱⶼûô
ⷢӣܸɡ
Ҹʲôܻ𣿡
ӿ֣ﳤȥҲˣӼʡ
浱ϵͳṩ۾ͱӣܸƴһٻٺͣʮƴҪһ
˵ֲģȥһţƾͰõķ˸˹
ͷü
ƣ˰Ա£˵ģ治ܻ
ܻõüˡ
Ҫ֮󣬰ǻһա
񣺡
ȥһȸʦֺʦɩһ㿴ϲϲ׺ҲҲһ
ɴûԹ⻹ûܣ
ֻ۾ˡ
극ƺӸһ
ɽιأ

մõ׸壬Ҳ˳л
żֵƵƱɫºͣʮɽʯ
һʯͷЦյģʯͷҾˣҽռˡ
ܼҵӣǴү˵ˣ
ҲգһԼһôǮʵڲϹأرְָѹ
˵˵˸ˡ
һԲЦ
ԭһֱãô˵ҲûûԼ
Ը϶Ҫ֪࣬ԽӴʱãԽоǸСƺ
վ£ӡ
ҡͷǿɲС
˵꣬ʯͷСʼƻաȫҸ
һȫرᣬĸоرǿССģȴһ㶼Ϻȡ
ʱƻҪǿϡ
ǼҲ棬߻Ҳûż
ԼŰԼʱ䶼źˣ϶ϰ֣续ʱ仹
һԵ۰Ͱ͵ضµĻ۾ԽԽ󣬡ˣ⻭ûͦʯͷӾͳ
ССЩߡЩϲվһԣűһֻë׵İèСкվһ
ƴչȥһƣЦȷʵû
˵ۿɵĺ
ħСϵǿ鲹ˡ
ʦҲǾͳɹһˡ
廭ˣͿɫϾˣʱߴԺܹҵ˼
˵ˣҳ˾͸һ
ͷû⡣
ˣԺҪûǮˣȥͷ
ͷȻҲУǻˣ趼ϲ
оһÿòࡣ
ɵ޲øˡ

Сһ죬˵˵ЦЦʱ̲סˣˣû˼ȥ
Ѫǰ治˵ˣûɼ֮ǰú÷ɷ𣿡
ջ˵ҪһȥСء
С˵Ǳߵзرأ
꣺
¸ˡ
ԣհ鷭ָ˻ȥ
ŴȥСץзȥˡ

ȥĸҰݷãץСзƲҹһĻһӡ
Ƹҽܣ˵硣
ҲμԺԣλǲ˶١
ʦЦ֣Ҿ˵￴ź졣
ĸڵĸڣ겻̫ǵãһ̧ͷܿ
֣ɣ
ɽסп⻹̫ˡ
绹ȥ棬Ƶճʱ䲻ˣǾסڹԺңʱһѧʡ
ͦġ
ץ˻зһ𣬸߸˻ؼҳзȥˡ
ͼŵСŵһţ˵иСꡣ
꣺
ߴչòԵɡ
ǾʶôһСУӻ¡뿪Ե˵ʲôҪ޵ıڻꡣ
Ծ͸˸ʱ͵ص㡣
ôˡ
Сŵȷʵ˵ǻ¡µġ
Ų𿪣ȻԵдģŵԵʮʦ֣˵ɽһıڻҲޣλȽϴȥƣ۸һġ
˵Ϊϴ˽
ѾǷǻ
ԣǲȥˡ
տ꣬߾͵ʦȥ֡
ҽУ˭ʦˣûͽ
οͽҲ̫Щ
߲Ϊ⣬ȥɣ¡ɽϵɶЩͷģüڼˣǻһеĸԶ
Уվȥơ

߻һзˣؼ׼ȥˡ
񣺡Ҵδ˰
ߵȷʵСȽϲ
ϧƵýӦţһʦҲˣϦ˲Ų̫Ը
һֱϦòƾʲôһʦѽ
Ҳ֣ϲġ
Һӻиŵ㣬ʡ

һз·ϴҾôԡ
ʲô塢Οh
зﻹ̳ơ
ôзȾˣҲںˡ
ԣҳƾͿʼιзȾƣͶһԾ̫˷ˣӣ磬ҾӣιԼӻ档
ǵȻΪһûӣ
ȥĺߴչιѽֱ̳϶ˡ
һ̳ӣˣƻţٺء
˵˸뵹˰Ƹ񣬡ιɣʣµĵš
ʱ̳ӣ̳ȥλҶˡ
µá
ϣ;ƣͼ̤˹
꣬ʱ˵¡

걧ž̳ӹȥЦʲô£
ľƣҲûĨǣʱ򣬲ǸҴ̳Ӿ𣿡
ôǱͨˣ
ҡͷ
Ҷ˾þƲ
Ǳ˵һͿǱˡ
ƫɵܴʦʦ˴ȥֱӻ˾պþȥҶ
ʱȥ˻һ䣬λ߹ӵľơ
ܴʦҲû˵ʲôֻ򵥵˵һ£ȥƽ£Ҷ˹㽫¸ؾˡ
ллˣһȥҼ˵һ
Цǰɸˡ
е룬ɾͰ˸ˣɻ˵ʲôµһɣǣҲʵһѾˡ
üչģβӰҶǱߵɡ
ҡͷǵûУ游˵ֻǳԣԹԵعȥͶǡ
ԣҲû̫»һǼǰʫľƣʱԷҲҪˡ
֪Է˵ʫǱߵľƻǰȥơ
ԣ¡
ϾԷλʦȥˡ
ȴһڸؾˡ
Էپеûӡ
Ѿˡ


˵ɣҲû෸
ܲˣӦɡ
ʲôʲôȥѵҲȥ
ûԣ
ֹһᣬž̳˴¡
ʱѾѰƸιˣֻзҲûôŴǯӣӵػָͷסˡ
۵໽У
зûԳɣֻзˣ˵Ǵٺúô̫ˡ

һзĵãһ
˶࣬һ˳оͺûһзûˡ
Ȼץ̫ˡ
ɽûУܶԣֻһз̫ˣûҳԣʣµȫ͡
ǣֻȥˡ
ȥ棬극Լ⼸ʵ̫Ƿˣǣ㵽俴ȥˡ

ڶգһͺͺɽ
Ҳһˡ
Ǵѧˣ϶Ҳܷɣһõ飬ĿǰľֻܿΪάˡ
Ϊһˣźӵάֲãоʵġ
ԣֻҪԱߴ֡
һݸʦϦȥͰ͵ظںȡ
˵˻¡£ԵſͿͣǹǰЦʩСɮ˰ɡ
ͷεıڻ𣿡
Ե޸ĵطǲ࣬ԺӣҪһЩ֪ʩ𣿡
һ
Ǹ˸ѽ
ߴ֣еԾԾԡ
껹Ǿ仰ԺԳɼ͵ûؼȥˣԾĿǰܻˡ
Եǹȥپɡ
̾ϢСлִͦš

Եҵ¡²Զ
˴յʱ䣬ȴһ·ɽͷðˡ
ϴǾɽ·̫ˣûû뵽յˡ
Ϊ׬Ǯ
һֱŬõ㣬˳һѡ
߽ʦá
ͷ
ָ˻߿پסӣˣ꣬ǲҲԸիˡ
Ե¡µիóԵģΪҪȥ˵ǲ̫࣬һ㶼ӴһЩٹУԳ棬ǲصġ
ߵԵСʦǹ˵ǲǷǷ¡µ
ԵҲҲǷҵģһʦģǴ׬ӣǻ˱ڻжԣˣһ߻ǵһߵǷҵġ
ԣһá
⻰Ѻ˵ƿˣֻ˸Ĵָ
Слǻᾫϸѽ

ÿʱǵĿĵء
һȻ¡¸󡢸ׯصҶϵֶӴһЩԵ˵±ʷƾһ㶼û
Ƶж죡
оԼֻ۾
ΪƽʱдĿ˲̫һҵգһ˹㡣
ﵹ壬СɳɨҶ
ԵҵڻĴС
Է࣬ҲԵʦһʲôҪֻᣬҲ˳ṩԭ
׼ڻƻеء
ɿʵ˶ˡ
ô׵ǽ涼ˡ
뷢ʲôӲ˻ȥ
ԭ嵥дһֽϣСȥ׼ʱ򣬽ԵһԵ⹤еѽ
ûоɲꡣ
Եż




68.  138-140   

żҲ, ÿػأ·̫ʱˡ
ֲҪҩˣҪȽŶ԰, , ϵɽ, ס
ԵȻ, ʦ֡
Ե˵ȥʴ, ߴһ, , ʳ޶ġ
Ҳڳۡ
꣺
ߵǼ˲֪
Եİ, һ˸Ǽͷš
ȥʱٰЩѡ
ɽϱͷҪ䲻٣Ҫס죬ܾһѲɡ
˶Ϊͻȥ, Ķû
Եû⣬СɮȻȥˡ
˵ʹи, ˡ
Ե뿪ıӰ, ƺЦֲһֱ˵Ǳ, ôıڻ, ɲúúû϶Ǯٲˡ

ϸһ, ׼Снȫˡ
Ϊǽ廹ͦߣôӣһ, æ緹ʱŽǰڹæꡣ
һСɳֹͷ
һϲʦ֡꣬, ⷹ˿治
һֻǴ㣡
˵ܸ꣬оﲻ̫ԡ
Сɳֵʩİɣ˵صģζ㲢޲𡣡
Ŷһ
˵ֵֹģԭ㡣
ϴֹ
˸꣬Сɳֵλʩ⼸ǧҪ߶ԺͷоһСɮСʦܹʲôԸֻܸǣԻλʩȥ졣
е㲻ζֵôˣڻ˸ˡ
⻹߶ˡ
Сɳæӷ𣬡ʩˣŽʮ壬½½йɽΰвٵŮ죬λʩǳȥСĳײˡ
֮һ仰ȥ
Щ˲ǡ
ͷСɳֵл
Է뿪ˣٳʱԺŸϡ
Ƶ˵ʲôˣҲǸ̨֮İɡ
ߵ⵹˵׼游˵¡ɽرģֻҪ·Ĺټ̫̫׹УΰݣԵ˵ģ¡½ӴĶǹˣ䲻࣬ȴɽǮһ
һ·ҲƳ
ڲߣ˵εĹݿ϶ǱѰ
̨ȼĶƷˣҲû˵ͨ˳ײĵѽ
ƽʱûҲڳʲôġ
ƶһۣˡ
ͷŬԷ
ȻֻҪԾͺˡ

һ뵽ڽӴ˵ݡ
ûһصġ
ǮҲֻǸˣҪûݣҪλûλ
ɲǣǲСĵˣóԲ˶ߡ
ԣ˷ǳĬس극Ϳʼɻ
ҪˮˣСɳ
˯ڱԺһ᷿
ڶ죬ʰü򵥳Թ緹ֿʼ
ƺͺ˰˵ģõͿϵλãֹ֪˴졣
˿һĻ곤˿ʰã׼ȥ緹
ʱͻȻһŮ㣬쿴ﻹиԺӡ
СҶأ˵ûˡ
û£Ҿͽȥơ
˵žͽŸƿˡ
˶ˢˢؿ˹ȥϦ£һ߰СŮһؽŸƿˡ
󻹸һԳŮ
ŮмŮŮ
˫һۣסˡ
СС׵㣬Ȼˡ
һס߰ɣڻڻأ
˵꣬ǵͷתҪ뿪
Сߣƨɵ㣬Ժıڻÿҿɡ
¡£ŷ֣ıڻÿһÿڱδƹġ
ÿԺıڻܴһ˵С¡
˵ţ˦־˹ﻹŻʣѲ֪ʲôʱīСǻʦ
ͷ
ԱŲŲøһЩ
СͷһȦ㻭ãԭÿ
꣺лл
ʲôɫ
ʲô

߰Сʲô档
Сָ֣űڻϵĶһ䣬һʡ
궼һһ
С־ñڻŮϵȹӺÿʲôѽҴûȥҲҪ塣
ƣ⻭ǼǰĻʦ棬ԣʱڵĻЩġ
С˫ؿ꣬㶮ÿడ
꣺Ϳ𰡡
һĹ򣬾Ϳ˺ü䣬ֱ̼ܸܵġ
ҲƳˡ
⺢СҲ̫ɾͲһӧȴһͼֵơ
ٿŮã֪ݿ϶еĻҪߡ
СһõͼͿҲԣǡʱһŮ⴫Сôˡ
˵űܹһסСҿ

걻һС
һۣ˿
ݣһǲ
СȻᣬһûء
˵ĻҪúıʣ߸ҲǣҲǣƵĿꡣ
㿴Ҳûá
Сֻûʣ㽫ָˣ֪ˣЩ϶ġ
һ⻰СһתȥˣŶ˱ҲԸס
̾˿Ťͷ
ЦЦҲ˼
߸˿СֹˣͰ͵ؿꡣ
εɣһá
˵꣬СʱôգɫҪմ٣ʲôطͿ
С־ȣؾ˸ͿɫĲ֣Сһӹ֣΢΢һʺء
Ц԰ɣԣЩ鿴ź桢ż򵥣ʵôһ£Ǻʦ֣꿪ʼѧѾʮһˣҲֻЩ򵥵Ĺ
С˺һۣǾ϶츳еĻѹȥ
˵ģǽͿȥ
СͿûͦãϧٶһ죬һɫͿˡ
û˸ס
ŶһأСеɵۡ
ӹıʵû¶취һ¡
Сˣһѽ˸СǲǸûȥˣһҲɸżˡ
СͷŤͷöڹǽԲ𣡡
û£Ѿܰˣôʱ򣬻ûǽϻأ
Ϊһǽϻͻᱻᡣ
ĿһȺ뿪
߳˿ץס꣬ûǿүŮ
Ŀ֣϶һīգͷϴ
ߵҰ㣬Ұϴ
Ҳŵòᣬֱϴ֣ǰʼԶŵ˵ʲôүǡ
״
֪ʶΧûô㷺
ߵ֪һЩҲ²׼λ˭һΪʼûзֵһ˵ˡ
ԣ塢׹ͳͳھҲڵǡ
ͷСɳֵ֣
겻֪Ǻߺƶ֪
֣ǱΨһһλ
꾰ǴӶʱλ֣游йȻʵʦʱѾλҲȻʵ׾˾ˡ
ʱΪ˻ݣԼӶˣ˷ҲΪȥˣһֻС檻а˸µУʱΪһ·
ӸճֻаƴҲ֪ܷ
Ϲ˲ֹûӣ˷ޣСҲ֪ܷ޴ıʹǰȻǽ˶ǣԼҲ˲
ǣǽʱȻʱϹΪ֣
ͬ͹֣
λ֣ǵλСӵĶӡ
ȷʵûзأ֣һ֣һֱű߹أʮǰʱ֣ʮ꣬һս
游ҪӢ£ǵµ֮ĴӢۡ
Դ˱һֱŻʵ
Ҫؾμ̫ʮ٣˵ʱ䳤ˣ˾·أ㡣
꣺
Ҳ̫ˣȻܰǧѷ¸ϡ
˳극

쵽ʱʱӼ˶ɫ
Ժٴδƿ
Сϲֽˣ㣬ѽ
˿ٶһۣˢˢؿſڣͼһλŵż
СһЮסƣ
˵ţ֣ˡ
һ壬һ壬εڵض
ô
ʮꡭ
֣ɨһ۱ڻЦ治ɫҲá
ȻǲĻɫȻøԱߵľɻ룬һۿȥǻȻһ塣
ԼĽż⣬лү佱
֣ǸˣǾͲˡ
룬ǳҲѽ
ݵһ㶼Ʀһ
ôôĻˡ
Сȥ˵λ廭رãպҪһλ̻λɡ
֣һ֪ıڻܻˣ޲ء
һƣȻǸС
ƣҲ
СԸҵ𣿽һ
һ⻰Ҫô˵
ǰͷܾܴʦ˼Ҹ˸СЬҪǾܾ֣֪᲻У
ûҪʦǣӲͷƤҪ˵Ը⣬үɣ
Ͼÿš
С֣ЦСûλСѾܾˡ
꣺
ܲܺú˵
Се㲻ףղŻһúܺá
ǣǻòҪҪһϵûУҲԼҪĿǰ˵׬ǮҪġ
ǣְڸһȦ
һ仰ҵŬѧϰ
仰Ҫҫ鹡

֣ҲûҪԼӵ
һүҪʲôҲѽ˼Ҳһܿϡ
Ů˶ڻͦȤ
ϵʱ˿۾ֱˣһ˰һĿ
ӼҲûߵ˼ֱӶ˹ӡˮ
ǣŮ˱߿߳ԣò⡣
꣺
ǿϷأ

СȻͷСǻ١
׵ĵطʡ
þеԶ̫㣬СֱӰ˹
ҲƢػشʱֲСҪˣӣСָת䡣
Զ㣬˻
Сͷգգ۾ôֻĻѽ
Ѫǽиɣ
ţС磬ôɷеĳƺ
Ȼһ͵ƳԶǸӰһĿڵˣ㻹ǺҴɡ
߳ǡ

Ů˿һᣬͼһſ֣˵䣬֣㻽Ůһ뿪
ʱͻȻСأ⻭ʲôʱ򻭺ã
µܳɡ
ﻹмҪ޲ĵطΪɫͦ
ԣܻȥ𴦲ɫǸò˶೤ʱ䡣
֣ձ㻭
꣺
ֱã

֣һ뿪Ժ徲ˡ
߳˿Ӽȥˣˡ
ƣҲȥ֡
Ҳ˹ȥ
ƽʱͦ࣬ҲͦǮ
ȻŵŶǺéޣ˳ϵѣп֣ȻȲһվҾŵֱð
¿ˮðɡ
ǳúÿЩ
ʵʱҲ㳤ʶˡ
ĴĪĴ޶ſݵ֣
òƣղ֣ߵҲͦÿġ
̾ϢҪһŮ϶ŮˣϧǸкˣŬѧϰϰɣ
Ҳûϵ
ƵеҪЩ
ûд˵еİڼӡ
ƲͨգͦͰġ
Ϊ佫ԭǳһ˵ϲȣ˲ұӡ
žǴ˵еɱܲ¶ȴη
ͬصͷСҲûжٽĸо
ҽã

˻ȥˢ˻ǽ̫ˣɫҲ׼ͣ
ʰöŽ˺᷿СɳѾѷ˸ˡ
귢ֽնĲһ
ߵĲ˺÷ʢ
Сɳֵ⼸֣ģ˵ǿعӻ˾泩⼸үǳĺóԵĲˣ뼸λһ
˿鷳л֣
Сɳֵǳ꣬˶뿪ˡ
ߵüһλүǿ˰ɡ
Ŀ˵仰
ߵҲ˼˵Һӵȥɡ
ƵӦòڣžǾǻˣ͵㶫£ǿϷһҾ񳪵úãͼһ
ǣ˵ֱƵġ
Ҳڲ࣬ܿ׬һˡ

Եǻȥ·ʱǸˡ
꣬ͷСа˱飬ûµʱŷ
߿Ƶͦ𾢣Цܿ𣿡
ɣЩС¡
ܶԷҲȻ˱顣
ߴչۣͻȻʵҲͦ
ƵССôп
ߵ㲻С١
⻰ʵ˹Ŀ࿴ޣͷ顣
߶߶ؽСʱļ£ео
ͺñ֣游£һеĲУû֣һҲⲻ
Ǹϸĺõĸ˵׶ӣҲһˡ
˵꣬꣬Ҿָ֣Ǹ¡
ЦҲãô˵ҪΪԵǷǵⱲӶ֣ˡ
˫ͷ˵ģҪСΪͽΪͽԺҾǿʦˣ˵ȥ
һѽĿ
ҿ飡

û˵ʱ˵ÿ
ڶ죬֣ʱͷ̧֣һеűˢöеߡ
ַһ£ҿϰˮû
߷ɿˡ
Ϳɫߵүļ˷ǳóԣҲүȱ衣
Ҷ͹Ӷɽϵġ
Сɳʱժֳɵġ
˵ҪۣҲ˵Ұۡ
֣ˮôǵһ˵
һ᳢ζӦû㲻
ǰҲϲ̲֮ģϧ岻ãණҲֻܵ㵽Ϊֹ
߳ĺ壬ֻҪζõģԣҲرס
ֳȥ
뻹ÿʳе
Ҫǻ±ӣԸһ߳㣬鲻ֵɡ




69.  141-143   +;

һ跿, ŵһɹͲһζ
ʱˬ
¯ϵСཹཱུ
СɳЦʩãСɮһܺúȡ
ʦ˵˵, ǳҲ, ʱǳ, һһʳ
, ô, ûȥҼҵƹֱϧˡ
һԿһ, оĹӶ, ߵѾ˰ɣ
ζ, رÿ
Ϊõǰײ裬ɫǳζֺ㡣
ˮúɫ, ˮзССĹ˿ڳ
ţ
Сɳ˵ŰС, Աһ, װһԵĲ
ź, СɳԼǶ, ˼ӣԼСкõˮһСۡ
һǰԺ

֣ԶԶŵһζ, йӵвҶ㣬˲ԾʿˮЦŴ󲽳
ߣ
ô, еʹ
֣ߵ߸ǰζŨЦС, ˵Ĺ裿
Ц
˹ӺͲֱģĲˣٰѲζóȵʱͲõİѲҶȥˡ
һֱҪ̫ˬ
ϧûӣӲоúȡ
֣һԼϲټӵӡ
֣ûӱģ˿ڲ裬Цζȷʵ
ˮͲζһ𣬵ζ
ԼǼ˵ۣЩӣҧͦнġ
֣ȥС
һȥˡ
֣ŽŵǼСһϲζġ
Сһ㶼ϲ
˵Ů֣ϵЦݲɵĶһߺȲһߺ˵軹ɲбĳԷ
ʵҲţͲҶ󡭡
ͱ̲ˣŻܼӵŴԲӷźǣѽѽеܲˡ
һˮ
֣ϸЦô˵ʲôˡ
˼ͿԼϲˡ
ͷȥ

һ裬ȥɻ
߱д뱭һҪˣһĲ꣬ƨƨߵظ˹ȥƵǲż
ƹȥʱ򣬺Сֹ˵֣ʲô
ĵһ͵ˣҲˣôߣؼ˼ҺûʲôƵġ
ⶼˣһֱǻڻ
ǸϽ꣬ˡ
⼸û飬Ѽˡ
̾Ϣ˵ʵǰûرãԼû¾ϲڲŷ֣ô¡
оԼûһ㼼
ҪǵȤãǿ϶ǿˣҪⶫҺڣ밮òһˡ
һ븺
뱻ƹ߻ӣ겻˸¡

Сʱ֣ѾȵڶˣһǼ˵ӣڸзḻ˲٣Ůıع󻹸Ů֣ЦŸ˽ܹ衣
СֽظԼһཹཱུغˡ
֣ӣЦζô
Ĺӣ˲ٵķۣһͲȲġ
Сͷóԣ
֣Ů˿ڹ裬ƶأ
Сͷ壬ֺȲ跨ͷһμš
ͷǿԼعķӣԷŵӣղų˳оóЩ
֣˺Ȳ졣
ڰ޲ˣԭͼıڻ곤˿Ż߽Ժﶼ飬ûʲôҪ޲ĵطСɳֵСʦԺѾ޺ˣԺҪ޲ĵط𣿡
Сɳֵеģ

֣˵һźߺƸСɳȥ޲ĵطȥˡ
ôתһȦŷ֣üһ¿湻ģߵȶˣҲתһԺӡ
Ѿб̫Цǽ²ɽˡ
ߵͷ¡±еĻҪࡣ
ƼһСİʱһʱӣĻ¡Ҳһʱ͹ˡ
֪¡£ǵùһ졣
Сɳֵ¡¡ɽһˡ
Ҳûôţĸʱˡ
꣺
̫˰ɣ
ĸʱǲһ
ۿżʱ䲻ˣ޲ˣСɳ˳·صСԺ
ˣҲ͸ˡ
ߵĽŲӶˡ
ƽʱģڴֱ
Ƶ꣬ҾȥһҲһꡣ
СҲ˵ˣǽ޵⼸ԺӣûʲôģǱһЩ
ٿɣоٴһ졣
ôһ㣬ɽ󣬾ͽѮˣסգɼͳˡ
ң¡´Խã϶ҲԽ󣬵ʱܸƵҲԽࡣ
Ǻˡ

ڶ˸磬СɳһµıڻޣЩϵѵɫҲ˲
ææµµһ͹ȥˡ
ڣæһҲʱ̡
곤˿Цãջɽ
ߴֵ˵ģһȥȿһֻ㣬ֻ
û˵꣬ͼСɳ˫ֺʲһ˺ü䰢ӷ
ڨڨر졣
ｫԵĶ˺üӡ

Сɳȥ칤Ǯ
Ҳ֪ԵԷ˵ģһһ֧ʮӡ
һ֣ÿ
߼˷ǮæֵôҲУ
һѧͽӵ鶼ɵġ
㵱Ȼˣ⼸͵ģûٰ¶
ҪǲҪҾ;Ǯˣ
˵ҪǮûæ˻ǻŰɣȥ游԰԰ڣҲ֪׬Ǯˡ
ܸС죬游ĸóԵģôһ㣬üһһգ۾ûˡ
Ҳ˼գ˷֣Ҳ̫ˡ
񹤽߽ʹԱǮǲһģѾŵء
ҾöһΪڶͯ
ðɣ
ȼֵƺûë
ֻϸһĥγŻûǮ׬˵ӡ

ɽ뿪ʱպ֣һҲҪߡ
˱ܵҪС·뿪֣ߵԶԶƼǣ첽عӣүȥһ𡣡
꣺
òץȥСɣ
ˣ껹ӲͷƤȥˣ֣ŮҶƣЦСأҪɽ
ͷүҲҪ뿪˰ɣ
ѽٲ߾ﶼżˡ
֣޵̾˿Цɣ˳·һ̡
꣺
֣ЦҶ𣿡
ҡͷǵϱ̫Ƕһû˻棬Ҳ̫̫żʱ

ǿǵԼݻѹ֣Ҳûһ
ںͷרһǡ
Ҳͷһδ˵˳糵
ؾǱƸߵһΣҲûҴ죬㿴ңҿ㡣
ò׽ǣ걾Լȥ뿪ͳˣ֣˽͵ſڡ
˳갵˿
ǵķȻᣬи鷳ү
˼ҵĳҲñʾһ²ǡ
ǣܻط䣬Ѵû򿪵̳ӾƸ˳
֪ˣӴһžͼžͷܡ
þʲôȥ˵ˣǡ
û˵꣬ܵûӰˡ
ֻҲȸ˳ȥһžͼ꽫̳վԣ俢Ц֣ҼԼģ鷳ҽүлүһ·ո
ү
еΡ
깰˹֣뿪ˡ
ֱߺƲ뽫ֱıǳĬؿڣѽѽһ·Ǳˡ
죬˭˵أ
κؿڣүģ

˴֣˳糵¡
һʱλʦֱ졣
һĴ˵ĹעЩ̫һ˵ģ֣úòÿǲ봫һӢ䲻սһ㣬ң
Ҳ˱𣬲ߺƸһ¡
֣ʮսˣʱֵ׵ʱСֳģ˭ҶɽģҲÿЩ̳λҲи˵ȴ׽ġ
󽫾һֱҲġ
һ֣ˣŵƨ
ЩôĸԸķ׳ƳΪ֣Ƕء
ȻһԭĴӹ޵տ಻ԡ
Ǳƶ񤣬ɰִ󣬸ȱˮ
ɴΪһ˽ֺóգԹ˵׶ӶҪķ
֣֮ڰߣҲˣ֣Ǳ߻аոء
ÿ
޶òһſݸһЩ
һͨӣϣԳɼȱһɡ
ؼĺá
ôһ룬ͻȻоԼö
ʣ͸࿪ˣ꣬˵¡

ߵ⼸ա
ͼҲżȥߣǺΪסڿջһЩСϢ
ⲻ⼸վʹѧͽĴ㡣
˵ǣ˭Ժ԰ף˭Ϊͽ
꣺
ͺЦʲô飿
Ϣﴫģôôʵ
ڻĹؼʱ̣ѧô˵ֻ
οͽԵ黹һ涼ûͽĵ
μԺԵĶǱѹصģ˭֪Σ
ջʦ˵ġ
⻰˵һ˶ţµиǰᣬ˵ԺԿʼ֮ǰҵѧҪѧԼҵĺΪͽ
ѧӲþܾôһԼ
Ƶô˵λŵģӦóɼһֱȻҲҽ⻰ˡ
ԣѺ˱һֹ

һ⻰ֻһͷⲻǸ̷۵˵ĸôһô
ָҲׯԼųķƫƫҪ塣
ٺЦҲѺˡ
û⼸ס˵ʵϴ軹ǲ̫ģ˵һȥϴȥˣ˳㲹ʼŬѧϰ
˵֮ǰ̸ˡ
ԺԷӵֻҪסˡ
ǧˣҲֻܿ졣
ģ˶ʮʦֶС
סͲ֪Ѻ˭

һ⻰һá
ʶòѺҰɣ
ͷرϵظһȦ
ÿ꿼ԶжעģȻҲ⣬ΨһͬǣѧĻǰѺĶǿ˭ϰ
ֱѺ˭аףǾѧͽˡ
ѧǰӾģҲ̫ΪرĹֱǵİۡ
ʲôҲһ˶µӡ
ϣǾһģ붭Һһһ
ѧΪʦ˶ȥˡ
⼸һֱûɿڣλʵƲȥˣ˫㶩ôһԼ
׵ѡһ㶼ǸԵİס
Եʱͷ˵ɼ൱ȶдߡ
ȻǾ׵Ҫѡ֮һ
˿ɱҡ
ͲܶԼеģ
˺ڣԵʱ˲μӣԵʱ˲μӣ
ԣ󲿷ֶӦǸԴʡǵ׵ģƾʲôһȺȡ
֮ǰҲο϶УǲܰףøǰʮҲ⡣
һǧˣʱһͷϰǾͰӷˡ
ָôһ
ʵڲӣ϶ᡣ
˵ƿԣŲӵҾС
ǣҪҾãҪá

Ҫ˵ϰɣ˸оϣġ
ǲǳ
ѹûⷽ˸ûԣһ˯ڶʱ
Ƹ˶١
𴲼Ѿ׼ͣ극һᣬ˸λÿʼ顣
磬ų극ͼ߻λƵؽˣ˵ǽãҪҪһȥ̤ࡣ
귭飬ͷûֱ̧Ӿܾˡ
ߴս˿㻹׼ˣ
ţ
֣˼䡣
֣˼Ϊ塢١Щڲҵ
˵ƾٲһӴˣֻкôûл
ʱ䣬ⷽĶƣסʱҲҸѧѧʲôġ
ϸ룬ȷʵе
ͷĻ˺òѽ黭ͨ
ԱС
⼸¡¶С£֮вٵĸд
ϳ緹˳իʱƣ²ñԹҲеġ
˼Լ˼ѧϰϣɨһȦ治ȥ𣿡
Ҳġ
ôõĻᣬ￴飬ȥء
ôһɿվȥġ
С飬ߺܿĵغ粢ż̤ȥˡ

µļλʦһ鷿顣
⼸ղڣͻ׼˼⣬һۡ
ҳ죬֪͵˷ŰǰϦ
ճ극Ҫȥһᣬطٿȥ˯ΪŰʦ˵ͷ˿̫ˡ
Ҫôǰҹ
ҪôڼϲôˣѼȥ
ʱ˵Ѿȥװˡ
ԣһҹųȥװ
ͱסˡ
ôˣ
꣬ȥӰɣҺþûˡ
꣺
߰ɣ֪ҲϲԵġ
ҡ
ͷ˼ۣȷ·ϾˣС꣬ﲻ̤ʵ
ͷŰˡ
ǰţ˵Լϲ
⼸ãͷеģҪǿô죿
ƽʱµµġ
ʵԼͦģһС鶼ϰˣһûϣ
Ժô죿
СǾͷֵ˰
ץӷεĸоֱҪĥˣԺСǲô죿
⼸һ뵽Ͱް޵˯ţʱ򣬻͵͵˷ţ˵ǴԼžȢ
ʱصӡ
궼֪˵ʲôˣƽʱҿͷ֧Ʊ
е£ʲôǿͷ֧Ʊ
ĬȻ̾˿ҽûӰ¶˵͵㡣
еΣ
ô죿Ҫҿô죿
꿴ˣҲŻļⲻûô㲻ǻ˵ԼϲѽϲһǹԺԣȢףǵ
񣺡
˵ע⣬Žţɰɡ
οţ˻ƫҲ
ʶ
˲ٵǳӣһЩĸɹһѵЩȥװʱԡ
Ķûǣû˵ģʱֻˡ
Ҳ¶
洺ģҪ˰οѽһԵ˾ͷˡ




70.  144-146   +

ֶƸеˡ
ȥ, ͰѶװʱҪĶ׼ˣµʱԶڿˣһ, Сϳʱһϡ
, һ, û, ֱڶ, СС˿, ŴŹǷ
һ̫ϸ, һѽ, ôң
С˼ϣСʱ˵СԾûҡ
СŵɡȥˣǱ˼, ڵϹҲûŰֻˡ
ŷСһ, ʱ䲻, 𴲿ȥˡ
һ, ҹ˼ֶȥ, ȥʱǰ˲ࡣ
ҸպùٸŰ
ǣ˱㽫ͷβ˺ü, ȷ˼Ｘλӵ֮Żˡ
һѾˡ
Īŵһ
СЦϲ, οʮ
кһ©˺üģ𣿡
Сѵӵݸ, Ц˭ѽһ¼ȡ˰ʮɼʮأ
ȷʵԵʱɼá
ǿǵ׵ġ
ֽӿֿһŵѽѽҾ֪ҽϲ𣿰꣬ûƭɣ
˵꣬Ѿķܡ
ƿķӰû
֪ط֣պһˡ
СλͷкϲĹүء
빱ԺȽϽټꡢͳɼãϲĶһ֪Ժס˼԰ˡ
ιǽˡ
һŵôѽ
˵ܡ

Ȼһ˻
Ǵˡ
ôһڣȥʱ˾Ͳˡ
һϲĹٲ˳ͺ֣ЦذѺ˹ȥ˱ϲĶ飬һŵˡ
ЦøƵģЦʦǰͷ˵ˣ͡
æصͷİɣ˭Ҳ
극Ǿ͵ûؼȥˡ
Ȼܹȥˡ
뵽ˣĪķգЦøɵˡ

ãٴȫˡ
ֱͣǵڶ
ƺʦֳɼʮɽʮ࣬ϲõ㣬ʮ
˵Ҷò
κ塢ҲϰˣɼʱҪһЩ
⼸˿ȫϹĿΡ
ǺҼѧô˵أβֹ١˽ӷˣ˵ȥҲܱƱ߶߶һӡ
ԣͺЦġ
ղƻһԼҵλ磬˵Ҳϰˣɼǰʮò٣һȥϲ˳
ҵĳɼͻȻСǿʱƼϦ𣿡
Сҡͷ
ˣʮ
˵꣬ˢˢؿֻ꣬ûûҪȣɵ׼񣬡ʦ֣ε׵ѺûѺǮ
ʵһ£ȻѺˣѺˣ㿴
˵ŴӺɰͳһƱݣѺʮء
Ѻİס
мû˼˵˶˭ǰ֮⣬ϰˣеѺԼʮӡ
ԣۺʵҲǲ׬Ҳ⣬һҸȥҽ
һѾϲ㣬ûУ
ãҪھȥףɣ

ԭ˵õҪȥףտԴѾȥˣʱһֱԵľĲˣٺóҲеζˡ
ʱִһҳóԵľ¥һȺ˺ƺƵĻ˹ȥ
Ŀĵأһ̧ͷͷ־¥˿ڼˡ
лкüͦ졣
͵Ƽûλ˴ӵŵľεİס
ССȥưֻǼ˵ĳɼͺߵͯȴǽŰ񶼸
һǱص
ȥҺʱڿջ
ΪԵʱǸͷټϸǸѧС⡣
Ƿǳŵѡ֮һ
ѺԶԶˡ
ƵҲ󡣡
ʮӣݸ߸ߣһ°
һջסš
ô˵أеĿ˵ĸ̬ɣͺ۹Σڲ൱ãܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ģ˵ɻģоݡ
ţӵʦӦò

¥̫࣬Ҷǳģ˱Ƶȥ˾
֪ܵţĵòˣſڹӣд˽вƷۡ
ضʮϲġ͡
ûţͱͽȥʶȥˡ
꼸˳극ֵһᣬŻλƣعͷ߶߶һЩ߰Ļ
˵ʲôԼţˣԺһҪá
ϲ§һɵЦ
ϰεֱǣعӣһỹ鷳չˡ
鷳鷳
˺ȶ˻֮⣬ʵƷС
˵ˣŰ֮뿪֪ϰ޸ôһֻð˸ңٳ
ֹֻҵϣͼſܼͣҼǻЦӯӯӭعӣϲϲѽ
ǴүСһݺףعӽ
˵õϢͲ˹ˣ껹ǳȥˣܼұſڵһᡣ
ܼһڸּ黰ǡǶϲʲôˣʲô֥鿪ڽڸߡ
ֻý񽻸ϲǣЦͬϲͬϲлллл
ҵˣŽ򿪡
һ辰ڼһóߵĹ
⻹á

ϰ˵أҲзݣͼ顢ָϲ졣
ƻ˵Ҫȥҵϲһˣ֪Ҫȥ̫̫ҲԹˣĶ˵Ҫõģ˵꿪˴͸һȥ

ϣָףһ
լӣҲһս
˵ûаףڶǼҵլ
Ҫǣһסͯȫϰ˵ʲô˵ҵլ˲һĺá
ѾʼԤʱסˡ
˴Ǽլ
Ϻȶ˵񣬵ӲǱϲ˸סξδմ

ҳһˣϻصңʰ
ֻŵڶ̻ؼҡ
ȻڶոյС̯Ͻ⽣ϰ廹δС͹СλӣСĸղһԣ֪Ǽ١
ǰʱ䳴÷зѧͽһ£հһ˽ۡ
ǰס
ѧҪյͽ϶
ûѺ˵ģѺԵģȥһӵȵȡ
֪ѧͽϢûʽȷͬǴӾ¥ףҲ֪ǾƺȶˣǱ˴ˣ֮ˡ
Ƶ˵𣿡
С˵֣֡
Ժܲдֶ˵á
˵˿ʶؾ˵϶λѧĵ˸ɵġ
ԼʦûɹˣȻͱˡ
ڿ֮ǰϲ˸±
ֻѼȥ
ɽÿʦܿ˵ڶ
ջͦźͲôһˣû룬ôһ㵹Ǿһ
û뵽λô
鶼ͦأҴҰ⽳꣬һ·СŻլӡ
ѾҺ
ԼҲһ񣬾ææĳ˳ǡ

ʱϰһ
ΪߵرȥʱһȺôٶȿô·
Ͽջ߽˳ǣԭ¶Ӫһϡ
ԣس̵ٶȱʱ졣
ʱȥ˺һˡ
һź塢Ȱݼ˺̫̫ͺүˡ
һȥǶлʦ񣬲ϺүֱӰ˹
ֱӰѸлʦϣҲѱʼǸ˻ȥ
Լ̵⼸ѧȫˣϵĵôҲزסЦоΣ
ʵʵ˵ǺãҶĵģ˾ˣô˵Ҳеݺ͵λ
ȻݸоûƮһ죬ͱһˮ
ǽİס
ѧͽǼ٣ݣҲǽЩеٮٮߡ
أ
뿪ʱСõȷϢĶˣܲκǸδ֪Ҫͷأ볯Ϊ٣ǳ໹вм
κҲգβãǰ̡
ҲС䡣
ɶԷǸҶ֣ɼ˼Ҹûκ˷
ݣûиСǴκ˷ܡ
˵Ͳ㡣
͸߼֣һԣԶԶ

˵֪ģһŵǺϷųģ˵ЩǿʤĵشƣϷҲǾһȾơ졭
룬Ȼ¡
пһᣬô˵Ҳǽһ󲽡
үҲһꡣ
ʵǿʲô㣿
ˣȫȥѧǵĸѧġ
Ϊ£ѹûһ롣
ûã֪̫үʲôõĽ𣿡
ҪǣҲ⼸У̬пһ
֪ҪԺԶٱ
Ҫһ㣬ѧǻû̵ܽ˵ѧûġ
ǵĸѧõѡȻڡ
үӵ˼Ļѧ飬νΣǱϷ
⻰˵ȷʵͦĶ
ǾˣҲھΪ٣ֱҪոˡ
ѧȥ
үӵϷǺϢ
ںϢһڶһؼȥˡ
·ϻ˲죬֮ǰ˼š
ȷĺϲСëͷһ걳ŰɤӺ̡̣øˣ
ıߺܹ߳СƤƵģһץס֣˳һϡ
²Сëͷ˲١
ϲļңҡ
ͼźûܳɹϺӰͰ͵ֻðķȥϲģһ̧ͷǡÿ´
˫һۣ꺢ҲˣŰ첽ǰĵ

߼͵õϢˡ
һ˿ĵòˣĸˣǼһȥԸˡ
ǰȫǮ
ĸ˵ûʲôǮȫ˳أⲻһѾˡ
ʲô򸸽ɱˡ
򸸲һԸȷʵ˸Żǰѹǣʧ˱ְ򸸣⼸죬ܡ
˵ʲôѧ߽ʱ׬ǮԼ

ǰͦε꣬һʱе㱡
һʱ䣬˦˼ʮ⡣
ţһǰڵվһ𣬶ϵó
¶Լ˵ͷе㷢ëȻԼĲ²⣬СǸ󡭡硭
£
ɤӵǸȰѶŻȥ
ٱţһøĿڽдүˡ
ѶŵҲӺԺˡ
ͷһ䣬뿪ʱһЩžžµҾ֪ⲻס
ȥһΣݼȥһݼ
Ժٿԣˣ
һ߶߶ţһ߰ʰ֪ЩӸ·࣬æȥ׼ˮúݸ裬ϢϢʲô˵
ЦҲۣǰ컹ںסһϣҳҲͦá
סĵطУԵĵطУص·Ѷʡˡ
˳ŸƱ׬˵㻨Ǯֱ

һ˳¡
ִôһϲϴãųԷʱ䣬ַοʡ
ĸޣߺ˫˹
һʱ䲻Сֳ˲٣һ˫ִӣǺòãǲǱǻҪã
ЦǣǺãҲ࣬Ҳ󡣡
ôŶʡѽ
˫˫۸ͷµӣʲôʱҲȥһˡ
µ⼸ȥǱߡ
ƷȻԭϲ̫ԼûжٵأβɹģƵĹ˵ӣȴôҲ̫ϵȥϰ塢кңϾͰѾƸһ롣
ټÿγȥһǻϾû
µĿͻ̫÷չ
Сеźܿӣǹ˼϶ȥĵطչǼҵľôá
µͷӦһ
Ҫͼĸϵĸ첲Цúϲ£죬갡ţҳɼôãǼҵðϲС
΢΢һ㶣ôðѧ磿
ĸ֪
ϵ֪˵Ǹƽʱߵý˼ţǾˣǶͣҪôȥμӣҪôͺȥ
ĸҲ˼ӣЦҰѱдˣһжҺˣֻܺúѧϰ²òġ
ʲôʱʶֵģ
Ȼֶдˡ
ĸû뵽Ĺעô棬˾ǲһֹ˵ʶ֣ܼǵõסģʱպø࿴࿴
ˣĸס
ʦǰ첻죬Ҷ죬ǼҾͲˡ
ؼǼҲûʲôݣΪ˸ţ߶űҲ̫á
ĸЦԶԶԣʣȻ˼Ҫ˵Ǽ̫ˡ

ĸôһͣǰûϡ
Ǳ򸸻źŮء
ǣ˫뿪ˡ
ɤӵ갡ԺԣҲֻ˵ʸżˡ
֮ܽúúѧϰǼҲȱǮ㲻ؼ׬Ǯ
򸸰˼䣬صǿΪҸֲͣȻˣйˣǸҪźãǻűأԣѧϰ֮⣬Ŭɶ
ͷİɣһŬġ
ȡʮǰǸˡ

뿪ĸѾʰˣûʲôҪԼæģԼ䡣
һ·ϵȷʵͦۡ
ص䣬óûҳͼŽˡ
˳˰ãôˣ
갵һ˶˵
üûɣ
ͷ
ܾɣɾ͸һɫ¡
ֵ֮е졣
ҲûӰ쵽ҵ⣬оԼñ˴С
ĬһȥĶ飿
˵Ժԣȥѧġ
ĳɼȥǾû⡣
Ҫǹǣ˾˵ݣٶȥְλˣ·Ҫࡣ
أүǼֲȥҼѧ
ԭȾǸѧģѧʿ϶û˵
뺫ϵ
ѧǸѧǱߣ˼ȥΨкĿǰʵġ
ֵΪβȥǣ




71.  147-149   ȥ

¼˵һ顣
µ, Ҳǣоǵطˮ̫Լֲ, һеʲô, Сĳ˵״, 롣
˵, С
µǾȥҰ, 뺫ҵ, ˵Ǯ׬ò, Ǻ̫үһֱԼҵĺ볯Ϊ, ĳɼ͸պãȥǼҵǲ⡣
ںү˵ˣǿп޵ġ
ģȥǶ顣
¼СƵ, ̲סˣȥô𣿡
겻˼ǵ, Ҫ˰, ҿġ
£
ĪǸ豦вɣ

ʱ
˼֣, ĵǶ˵, ЦڰǷծòˣհʦֵĻ޺, Ҿծһˡ
ʱдѵʱѧϰ
뵽ˣϵЦʧ, ˻ڻԸ
µֲ꣬Ը˱ǡ
ͷ

¸, ʹͷ˽
ԷʱѾ˲ˣֹΪǺȥͷæǱ˱׼š
ϣһסȥѽ⻰ûأӡ
£ûأ粻ǺȥԺæ𣿡
ĻҪæ
ĸԸ򸸲ɱˣڰڹش֣ϻںԺ֣Ҳڼң˶Բˡ
үʱĥߴԼȫˣˡ
Ž˸˵ϲ˹
ʲôʱԲ
ͷƤһըſھҧͷʹỨġ
磬˵ʲôأ
ʲô˵ʲôأǰͷ˵ˣԼˣűԲסһȥ
걻⻰Ǻֱԡ
ıѽǼԺǲС˿ڲӣС⼸Ѱأʱûطסˡ
Ҫᵽһ鷿ڳˣڶҲǸݵˣԼ鷿ûУų׿һˣҲû˯һݹ˵֪ôЦ㣿

ȵʵڿȲȥˡ
磬ڲǻһҪ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҫľǳľǡ
͸һҪɶɶͯӹţȻûɣǻҪ߻ħ
οǸүү
ѽѽоԼ̼ܲ

ĥһᣬʵû취̲סҪȥС˵˵߰ɵûʲô 

ԴϢһ͸˵¡
ֻ˵һ䣬żʱ
ʲôʱŵʱ˰׽֮󣬲ŵ
ʱ͸ˣ
˵²Ӹˡ
ú룬粻˳٣ɲŮòģѽ
˺ӿ϶ֺÿִ
룬еĺרȱ㳤
˵ÿڸ֪Լʱ̫ˣ߶߶˼䣬תȥɻȥˡ
곤˿鿴˼ҳϴ˯ȥˡ

һ˯ر㡣
ʱѿӽʱ
ŵһ飬æʰã׼õȥ˽ӡ
ڣ߰ĳ;棬Ƽ˶ò̫磬˽ſʱպϲ˸档
һ˽ӡ
ƺɽ˿װҰͬѧΧţˣʦܹҲм䡣
ϸһƣ˽ס
һͲϵˡ
ԭһʦЦʦ֣⼸γɼãܸܲǴڵ㾭顣
ЦҰƽʱ˱֮⣬һЩʦһۡ
Ƽһѧʵ´Ҷ֪
ҲЧ£ЧΣ㲻ö֪ˡ
Ƶÿ֮󣬻ÿдһƪ£ഫԼԼֲˣȴһ۾ƳһθĲǴˣ϶ջġ
ô飬ǰͷҲμӹԣһûڶι˵Ǹȴסˣһٹ
ܸܵΪһ£һۿαϵݽǳ
곭ıʼǣҲԵá
˵̵ĲãоΪʶԭһĿ١˽ζȫһ
˵ʵиţƵҲǼҪ顣
ˣÿ˶˵˼䡣
١ˣѧܻ˽ҡ
˽ӵ˺ֶ˲١
ƽңԭÿҲʮңԹһЩԹ˼ˣû뵽ԺԹǰһֹ
ɽŶǳġ

˽εĳɼʵ̫ҫˡ
Թ˰ˣԺԺԶˣϲԵʱɼѾˣɾµŬԺԲֹˣɼ˲١
һҲŹ˰ˣͺʦμ˽ӵģѧ˰ֻһ
һһλͦʦ֡
ջȥʱѧǶ˶Ѿ˺񣬻н
˵Ǽʱȥѧ顣
ŶȥǶ
ĶģǳӮˡ
˹ЦûϷʧ
ɽЦθòǰĹײıӮ˰ɡ
ǵãϴ˵©죬˵Ķעһ
˵ǻ˺üġ
ʱΪӣӳһܣ㱻ӻ
ɽţʵѾӻˣֻû˼ϡ
Ķעһ̨˵۸Ҳ൱˵á
Ц֪Ķࡣ
һỹпΣ˼ϷȥϿˣһᣬ١˾ϯǺúġ

꼸˽תһȦȥǰĽҡ
١ʰ˽ЦҸʦ衣
Сȥ˸ڣСû뵽һʱ䲻СʦֱƯˡ
ϲЦ
΢΢졣
뵱Сʦţˣõĳôˡ
Щ
˵嶩ˣ˴Сʶ
١ĵ
ԣ˶ͦ⣬Ž궬ܳˡ
ϲЦԺҪСʦúʦֳˣǺʦɩʦѽ
δ䣬١˺ˣСֽظÿ˵һ˳ȥûһֶСġ
ŴĹ𻨸⡢Ө͸ɽ髸⣬ըִǻ
ۣʦЩ𣿡
١ЦѽʦֳòóԣҪǾζʦֳˣҿԽ̸ʦɩŶ
ӲѽĻȥͷרĳԶ

١Եģˡ
һᣬѪˣ𣿡
ȥǶܽȥˡ
ıڻԼԸҪģ㲻ҲһĶأȥǽ֮ĵص㣬ûʮ׳
ԺǽߣˣоһæôҲʮʮɡ
ټǰͷӦҪ޻ģԽͲȥˡ
ȥǣպøҴš
ЦҺɽҲǾý겻ˡ
Ҫʵ뺫ҲûһȥǸѧ顣
СһЩ
ʱںҶĻʱ仹һ۹Σٸ̻⣬ȻسǺࡣ
ϲҾȥѧ顣
Ϊ˵ĳɼǱûģߵУѧȡһ£ԴӦȥ֮ʳȫ⣬ÿ»ܸһӵ
൱źˡ
ҲȥѧҪΪҪˡ
æ£žͳˣϱһȥǸ顣
񵥳֮ϰ£ϰʶǸѧһλԷԷ
һȥϤ
λ˵ϰеݹϵϰ벻ȥǶ顣
ָףⲻֹԼľȫ˵ľʱ㡢иӦ
˵꣬Ĭˡ
˵ףҲֻһȥҶ顣

Ц꣬㲻ϲ㶹㳢Сʦòֹպã˼ҲɣĴÿ
˿㣬ҧһڣЦȷóԣȻ˺ʡ
ڸ൱ḻˡ

С١ǶԵķ
١Ҳ֪һϯҲɢˣʴҵȥ
˳˵ԼĽ顣
ϷǾãǸȥǶ飬λλȻҲֻһˡ
νбʦ
Ƥܶһء
οǸѧĵط
ǳǾ˳֮⣬иݵϴˣ£㱻ѧȥѧˡ
ѧҲÿѮὲΡ
ֹˣǻʱһЩĸѧԺѧ
Ϊѧ࣬γҲֵüϸ
Щγ̶ٲ˵ģЩѧ˶϶аÿĿУҲСԡ
ԣ˵һѧȥѧ
˼صͷȥˡ
١뿪ֱӼǼҵС¿Сëͷȥˡ
ƹ꣬е۴Σţţʲôˡ
꣺
Ǯķ硣

ʵڲ̫Ӧƹÿμ棬š
˳ǵЩô
嵥дõģ¡º޹ڻ֮پЩˡ
ҪʲôϣʲôĻ϶˲ݸ塣
ƹɨһ嵥Ҫʲôڻ
ʲôʱӵĻ

ȥ֮ǰԸܸУͰڻ
ƹ񣺡
ллأûߡ
ƹóȥ׼ˣҪҵ
ĥ˳ֻźӡ
ߴҲ
ƹҲ̫ˣ
־Ͱѻ˹Ҫˡ
ҪģҪģҪʱ䣬ٰһǾ͸ˣðһģִģҸоûá
Դ˱ڻ֮ʱ䣬ʱʱյǱߵš
껹ѧϰؼȥ
ѪҪ׼ˣԺûʱٻˡ
ǻҲɵߴĴӦ˻硢֮Ĵ໭С⣬׬īɡ
ƹҪѪ۵ˡ
ѵ³
ҡͷǿ϶Уѧ³
Ǵѧ꣬ʱԸһΣˣǾͼŬŽʿ
Ҫǹˣ͸ɻϱУͽˡ
ȻЩڶʮ֮ǰ
ƹĥһء
ؽѹЦˣҾ͸Ǯȥ
Դʫһս󣬻ˮǴˡ
ܱҵأ
ƹǽʲôܻܲСذɣ
СҲá
о֣Сصʱر˳ڡ
λ߶ְɣߵһȺСʲôġ

ƹȥ˰복ϣ˵úܽʵСëͷǰסˣֱͦ˱ڳϡ
ͷߣһѣ÷ûµģһᵽǱ߸óԵġ
С˵֣»·̫ƽʱ򣬻ָסˡ
Щ죬ּųȥѧ塣
֪ҪȥڻҪæ𣿡
ЦʦִӦˡ
ϲҲûʲô£ȥո֣ҪˣʱæúܣɽǴӦûȥ֮ǰ˽ӰæΡ
¸ȥ˽ӣʱǻżġ
껭ž͵꿼ʱ䣬յϢ꿼ǰˡ
궼ǷſţˣԣǰóɼõѧеǶĻᡣ
һѵһʱ䣬ʱǵϰʡ
ʦ֣ǸѧΣ
Цҵȥأֻɼϡ
μǣԽȡһǵ
ǵĸѧҪģһֻԺԵǰʮÿԵǰʮƽʱȥǶñԼԡ
εĳɼȥ˿϶û⡣
һھҪҪȥ
Ļкܴ󴥶
ټǰ֣˵ģͻȻ͸оȷʵȥǱ߿ǴͷԸҲôҪǿоʵʵ飬Ӧ˽᲻ʲô

˳ֱСëͷȥ
Ѷźá
ͷ֪ҪﻭڻԸЦûʲô𣿡
ͷˡ
ЩѧϰйصĶǱĺû
Żеʱ䣬Ȱǽڸˢһ飬СëͷһԿȥˡ
ͷԱż֡
֪Ͱ
һˢ꣬һͿɽˣʱƺϲæɫò˶೤ʱ䡣

ϻصңԼҪҪȥǵһ¡
µԼ벻ȥ
˵ģô˵ǼҲе㱳ģɾΪ˰ף˸֣ܸܲԭ˵
ǺòˣһӾˣؼҲûҪѧΪʦ
ȥź
еĶһС֮֡
µҪ׽ΰɣ
꣺
ЦЦġ
Ļȥǡ
ɺܼ򵥣ѧȷʵ̲̫࣬ȻͬǳţȥõѧУΪʲôҪѡǡ
Ǹѧ
ԼҲ˵ˣûᲢ۵ģǸǶˣҪҲǾˣ˵޵ʱڣѧĶࡣ
µ飬оҲɣ˽ӻ١ʦأ㲻֪¾Ͱ˸ˡ
ͬǵˣȻѡԼ۱ȸһЩġ
꣺
һǸ㴩СЬһҪ
е̫һ
һǣŮˣȥȥʱҰһ¡




72.  150-152   +Լ+

ƨƨߵظȥˡ
е, ˵ҵȥѽ
Ϊ˶졣
Ҳˣ⺢Ӿ¶˾ġ
ȥĶǽ϶ǲȥˡ
, ʦ˵, Էŵǰ, ΪҪ, , ǰԳɼǰȥǶ顣
ǰеѧѵһ˼
, Ҿ, ȥǶ, ԹҾͲˡ
·̫ˡ
һʱȻ˵
ֻˣͷȻֱϽ˸, ղҪȥ𣿵ʱʦ
Ƴˡ
Ӳֹеѡ֢, 仰˵Ѷױ
귭˱, žش
ٶȻͦ졣
ۻҵ, žžžؾһҳ, ñڱССд֣գ۵Ĺ, ͹ҳ
̧ͷҪǲȥҶ飬ǲǵø˵һ
½Դȥİ, ôϻүָǸ
ڵһվҾȥǡ
£
±, ±۸
ЩûӰ£ȥֲȥ˸ɼܵģ԰ؼһЩˡ
⣬ֹؿʼˡ
ֿһᣬ̸һƲۡ

¸׼뿪ĸţͷ꣬ܽ𣿡
ԡ
ĸЦһӣͷһ룬µĵطǻ
һ߰Żһߵ꣬ʹʦ𣿴û˵Ҫ£
꣺
Ҹˡ
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73.  153-155   㷻+

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ǵãʱүһλȻǹᣬ۸߲ʲô
ϸ룬үȷʵͦˡ
ǵãûһҲоʮˣ˵ģԽûë
깰֣С㣬˵ûплϷҲ뱻ɶ԰ɡ
ֿ꼸ֻ̧ۣͷͦأһ£ʮֺͰģ˲˼֡
ϵıҲǴ𾪣־Ȼ
ҲֻĴʦܻĶɡ
ΨĴڰ
б𣿡
ҡͷûˣĽĽʦϢɡ
㻹ǽҰɡ

һߣ˫һһƨ˵ϡ
֪ͷӿ϶ͷӲȤ

ȥǣ١
ҪμӿԵ
ÿ첻ֹܳԵɿζĵġ
ѹ۹Ρ
֪͵Ŀĵء
ԭΪû˵֪С͵˳ſڡ
һʲ֪˵õǰϢСʱڳſڡ
ǿܲڼסˡ
ȥѧ
ֱȥѧ˳ᣬǼȥϰǶסʱ䡣
١˸Сլӣѧʦְæõġ
ڸѧʶˣÿ꿼ԶǶסգ˳ʦ۹Ρ
˵ţϰҲˡ
ʱСݸЦĸ±ζ֪ϲʲôģͶ˵㳢ϲθڡ
С
û뵽ȥ˼ҵ




74.  156-158   ѧ++

һ˽ʱ, ѽƻ衣
Сعӣ϶û취ȥѧˣסǶ, Щʰˡ
һ, ЦȥҽǶ, ϴα˵ȥҽǶ, Ǽҹ, εȥҽǶ
겻˼ȥݷ, ʱһҹֱƳԡ
˵˵, ŴС
ӿ顣
ֹʲô鶼뵽
ɽǼҸҲͦġ
ϴο, Ⱦ˵ˣҪȥǶס˵Լ, ǣϴλؼҵ·, һֱ߶Ŵ´һҪһض
˵ö˼ˡ
ȥѧ·ϱҷֿˡ
ǰ, ǼЩ, û֮ǰ, ѧˡ
ͷ
ָ񻶺һ
ǲ顣
ˣ

ٽ, ǲǿջǾ¥ֻҪס˵ĵطġ
ϰǰ˼䷿, һջĻмģ˵ĶҲסĵطˡ
꼸һϼ, ǾȽż䣬µķճĿˡ
һ͵ĸһ䡣
û£˯¥ȥҽҲһ
ι˳˿ԣҸСԺʱϱܲһֱڽҡ
ϲһ䡣
θŹĵøһĶƤģ̲ס˵ģҼǵѧǻᣬǲġ
ⲻһʱ䣬˦һ⣬
һŸԳţһߵʾ͸һ˶¡
弫׳ֻ֣Ҫһע⣬ͳˡ
ʱ϶ȵˮڶ컹ֱ̫ˡ
Ҳпϰԭȵݣʱû͵ԼŬƣñͰǰԶγɼ䣬ԺͲ׷ˡ
ʱÿһٸ
Ѿûκθˣ͸ʮ۵ø첲Ųˣҧ˶ʮ塰顱һײ˴ϡ
õģÿ֣ˡ
ͣ

ڶ죬ͼͷС̯˵ͣԼĶȥǸѧ
ѧ͹ԺòԶ
˵ÿԵʱҪ̫࣬ͻᰲŵԺԡ
ϴʱҾ͵ѧһȦιͷһνš
׼Ķʱͼʮ߹ʵģѧ𣿡
ͷʦʶǼ
ѧҲŵطӵġ
껹˵ʲô
ʲô¶źˡ

ҾڸѧԺһƬסĶǸѧ
꼸˹ˣЦŸܡ
е־ζλѧ꣬긮Եĵڶ
⼸λҲҵѧ
Ц
ܵʱҲסһѣؽ굹Ǵأȫġ
ؼ̵⼸ȫϰˡ
һ㡣
ǰʱӵʱǵĿĽѧˣ̲סĽһѡ
ôõѧϾˣƽˡ
һ
겻˼ʦѧ飬֪ڻ𣿡
겻ֹһ˵ÿԺԵǰѧ顣
˵ԺǰͬѧŰ֮˹ȥѧ顣
굱ʱߵüҲ֪ûҹ
˵ĸѧѧѾʸ
ÿԺԵǰʮԵǰʮǿѧģֻЩ⡭
һΪϿʼ
ǰͷˣǾ͵˵ˡ
ΪѧǱ߳˵⡣
͵˵Ժڼ䣬Ǹ̫Ĵš
ټϺ˴һ첲ΪԺԵİףеϵ֮Ȼʲټ϶ԷһѧΪʦžǷϵ
ôĿŵĴˣһ˼֪˭ҵġ
ⲻǼҾأѧм佹ͷöֵ˸̨̨һϲϡࡣ
߲õǱֲô
ֻҵѧѧ˶˰ɡ
Ժϡ
꣺
ǸͿٶôģ
Ҳۡ
˵ǽԺԵǰʮܽѧ飬Ϊ£ѧûüţЩҲû˼ȥ
ǰʱ䣬öʱ䣬һ飬ΪԺԵǰʮûü֪ͨǣҾ꽫ԵʮˣҲΪʲôǰôࡣ

껹˵ʲô
Ų丮ѧģ֪˼Ҹôһ
ϷǾǼ£ԺԵĳɼп϶ˣ벻ǰʮ
л
ʲôʱúøϰϷ򻹵Ÿǵء
ʲôĵطϷ򣬽ˣԺϷҪġ

Ӹѧ뿪
Ƶպõˣǲȥիûʲô³⣬ʱúˢݣָԵʱߵɼ
˵ͷȷʵֻˡ

꼸˽ţƹһǼЦӭ
˵ƹС
һǴ𰸵ģһǴ⣬⻹ȡ³ļ
ƹ鷳һ£ʱܷ￴顣
¥Ŀʵ̫ˡ
ϳ죬ҹû˯ţϺò˯˻ᣬֿʼ
оҪãѾǷˡ
ƹЦû⣬ǵҡ
ƹļȫƹչ顣
绹ȥҰݷá
ȥϵϴһȺסôʱ䣬ιٶñʾһ¡

ûȥôˣŴ׼ȥתһȦ
ƼȥʦǶǼûʲôҪæġ
ɵǺҲˣκġ塢ֵȫˡ
ｻŵĹӣʱڹӼôǱߵߵʲôһ
Ŀ˵̫ã᲻ں˵
ҡͷҲÿ̵ķӲһ
ɽͲ̫Ӧ˵ڿηʽ
û˵Ĵ㣬֪ҪǶ飬ͻȻʦһ仰
ǰһֱΪԽõĵطǸѧ϶ǸѧãӼΪѧУȻʡѧУá
ȥ˲֪ôһ¡
ǵطǶҪôԺѧʿҪôƸĴˡ
Ȼѧȴͬ
߿ƾ·ߵģйѫҵĺӡ
ô˵أһҡ
ĳ佫ڹӼԡ
Ϊ˭ﲻһֻ۱һֻۡ
ֳ̼ģȥرԿЩųĸ
˼ߵͯ۸㣬ԺľǻĺãѧʣǼ´ࡣ

ֵ˵˽£
ͷ
ֵǷ꣬ھ¥Ҳ˼䣬һ죬λĹͬʦֵˡ
ĵܱҵӡ
ܱԶʵ۵ӣλС
λС檱𵱼ĸҪ֣Ӹ˵ˣòĸףС㱶ܳ谮λӵ̣λֱǺߡ
𿴳ʵĺ
С檾ԼҶӽʺо̣ܱʦƾ١
λҲǸ˲ţԡԣһ·
ڿ֮ǰѧΪʦѧѽĹ佫Ͳ̫ãοѧƲܱɡ
ˡ
˵ѧԼһͨ
ȥʦܾ󣬷ѧ˵
ѧֻԺԵĳɼڡ
֪ûܴﵽѧ˵ĵһһ֮£ˡ
ʵǰûС
㲻Ҫ
Ҿʹϰ׵֣ղɵӡ
±̨κϵģ˶ˡ
ʵϣѧĸգƵһ¡
ĵǶ飬ƽ࿴˵ֻҪסһ㣬ģ򱨲ƽġ
ͷ뺫ĵл
İڰ֣лңԼպò¡
ǼңҲһģǰЩԵãϾǮš
˭ϵμף˫˵ˣԷͻȻתһңǼΨһõĺǸˣƷ
ҲΪ£뿪ǣȥﴳһҲμ֪Ĳ˲ɵ˾ֻҲ硣
ŵڵطϴŻеãȻ˾˶û㣬˵ˣĻһ߶飬һּ߽⡣
飬ڹӼһʱ䣬еԸþ쿼Ͼˣٶ˽ʿ
Ψܲ۸

ںĵΪͬ
ǰ뺫һ¡»ڻ֣ʱߵı֣ǵĴ
̾˿Ψкúѧϰѽ

ҳ˶ٷ
û취ȥѧˣҪסԺӰɣҿҲǿţҲǵһסˣլӿ϶Ⱦ¥ǿ
ؼլӴ٣Ƕر
еĶ
һÿζűˣʵڲ̫á
ЦǾôţͰһ£ֻˡ
꣺
ܸоԼռ˵ıˡ
ҪһҪˣǵø
һ˵Ҫ͸Ҷˣæ
ϴλ˵ɣҶ˵Ĺϵоȥĳô
ЦҶæġ
꣺

ϴθ˼¡
ɹ˼£ǳ˳Ʒ
ǰʱޡ
Сڣ󵽹޲Ǽ¾ڣδġ
Ǻݺݵطһѡ
Ҷ˵˲𣬿ɺһ֪⻨ǹģͷѰġ
ȥƵˡ
Ҷ˽ĹŮҪˣҶ˵ĺѳɼҡ
ɹǶţ͵ģҶ˵ŮҲ٣ԣ˵ļĻԼҲҪ
ҶСΪŮȻ۰мӡ
ټԼҹŮҲѣ֪ҶЩϵⲻҶ˾껭»
ӣҶ˵øپǶ١
ǲ汣סˡ

治뻭ˣ
Ҳǲ뻭飬ǵҲˣĿǰȷʵ׬Ǯ
ǰ׬ӣϣԼȫ˻߸ˣԼҲ᲻ѡ
ԣţ׬ӣԼѸܱˡ
ٸ϶ӣʱ㻨ۡ
ֻҪסһ㣬׬Ǯ˾С
ӵģֻҪˡ
ʲôʱҪʱüǲ׬Ǯġ
ڻһɣΪͷ͵û飬ڱȰռҪһЩ㿼ٻҲһġ
Уҽˡ

ӷ棬ҳ˵ǰͷⵥҽôͲҸĺüأֻһΣӾԲܱ١
ϾڶҲݵˡ
Ц뱨ϴɸ㴩СЬĳɡ
깣ŲӵѽôСʱͯǣҿǸˣôŶҲǼ˰ɡ
Ц
ͼ˳ʱŵҶ˵ˣ»ˣϴľơ
ǾҼ˵Ժ̫ˡ
ԭϲһ¡
ôһ¾֪ЩĿǰݻá
ǶԷר򣬻ôء
ǣЪ˼

ʹҳСҲ˹רȥס
꣺
Ҳ̫λ˰ɡ
С˹ȥ꼸ֻðѶʰһ¸Źȥˡ
껹˯ǰķ䣬СںѶʰãǿҪԼУСЦӱСĸǼҹӵʱ򣬸ɵľЩһղоء
æ̴Լȥʰȥˡ
С𣿡
СЦɲǣһϴιӾСĺãξСĹˣСϤʲôֱӷԸˡ
ĬһҲǱ𣿡
СҡͷССʱͱˣ¼ǲ塣
Դ𣬾͸
Ϊֽϲ
ټϿڳ˵ģͱˣһµҲȱС˶ࡣ
Ҳϲ
ڸʹҲٮٮˡ
ǹǱߵõʲôϢ϶֪ˡ
С

Ǿ֡
˵ɣܡ˵͸СЬ
ҵ⣬ߵҶ˵·ӣôҲ߲ǣǲҲñܵӣֻ֪Ѿ˲Ŷԣˡ
졣
Ҫھͺˡ

Сʰãʱ䲻ˣ˰ˮ׼ˣ꼸ϴ
ϴűڴϿһᣬͼͺϲŶ롣
Ϊ۹εģϲ꣬ʦȥҳԶٷףһǰ¼ҡ
꣺
ͼϲµӣЦⲻûʲôõĳֵĶôҪǴϡ
ߣҾ֪û¡
͵Ҳô˵ǻһϢġ
ͷֽʣʾϢȤ
ͲΪ⣬ֽƽѹߣ˿ţֵλˣ˵ʱȥѧΡ
ԾʱѾˣ졣
ԼѧҲǲԣסңǱȥի鷽һЩҲȾ¥徲ˡ
Ǿٺòˡ
ȷǸϢ
͵ûʲô𣿡
ֽ̿һǶĥī
ˣɱһȫˡ
ѻ˻ȥĬϢƼӱֽϻ㣬һһڣγһȦϸһһ̫ͼ
ͣ
ܸоܷô£
껭ãѻһԣֽĳȫģͷ֦ٻ
ϹһŨǳĻ䣬ͷֻҳӵСС
͵㻹ѽ
ûأһԼŵġ
ͻȻоԸԼװһ¡
̫պ˻浽ڸӵΣ




75.  159-161   +

ѧĿζϡ
꼸һʰñ㱳Űȥ˸ѧ
ѧſڵ, ˽ſڣҲС
ŷ֣ԼĺӶ, ˲١
Ȼ, ϸһ, ɲզ, ʵ١Ҳʮ, , ϱǸʱܴһ˻ûء
ȴүүˡ
û˺ӿҲǶʮʮ, ջ⴩˵, ͷϸһᣬһȺʮʮһûʲôΥ͸С
ǣôǲһϵĿΡ
оΣ
˸Ƿаɡ
Ŀû, Ҫѧ˼ټϲʼ, ĵطȥͬѧһ, Ͼûʲô, ˽ЩװҰ, еǿˡ
ȻѧҪҪ˵ѧ
ǿʲôջ񣿡
սѧλλͬʿ, ΪнʿʱѾʮˣͬʿʿʸޣ, ˸٣˼
ҪΪʹЩôȥˡ
ȥıְλ, ļҵ׺̫Ūټϣ˶ʮǱ˹٣ڸѧı˸Ĺ
ڸѧΪʦָѧȥˡ
ĥһôʣɡ
񶭴ʶ㣬ֲѧ˵ȥ
ǹ뱾˵ԸЩϵ
Ͼ͡Ƕ
˻ǿζ͸ȴĸо
Ц˵˵ϷĿô
갵զ֪࣬Ͳ˵ˣأҲ˼ԲһԵǹ˸ԣҪԺԵѧȻǽԽϸԽá
ϴλص㡣
һ֪ʶܸ㽲һ졣
ǣȥݺĿ޲ø㣬㱳οˡ
ΪԡԣԺԣľĻ֪ʶ
ԺʹǾͲһˣ˼ŸҪһЩɡ
ľͱȽͳǼѧǹøĶˣô룬񲻴⡣
û뵽ô
ңôĿΣʵҲûд˵ôá
ЩĿΣӡĴžˡ
ϧ˼Ҳ·䡣
ͼˡ
͵ĸܺ࣬һʡ
˾һν̺ѧ˶Ǽ¿κһ£۹ѧϰƳ硣
ϧ˽Ҳͺʦˡ
ջࡣ
һᣬ˸ˡ
ջȥλѣ꼸ҪȥңǨϲơ
˵ǨʵʲôҲûУǼˣ˼˲ˣұ߳Ա۹Ρ
ԵĲˡ
꣬ǻҿǵԽܲܿʼ
鷿ٴνһ飬ϴҸ嵥Ҫʱ䣬Ĳ׼һ£ԽǾܿʼˡ
ˣʦණҪһˡ
õġ
˵١˽һеĵЦʦ֣ҿ԰򡣡
Щ֪ԼʱҲùЩϻñĴ档
Цʦˡ
꣺
Ҳһ빷ѽ

һֿǰѧϰģʽ
ͳЩǻδصгͷ֣ÿһ⣬Ҹ꣬һܽᣬ֪ͺˡ
ԹΧһȦʼݡ
Цÿκʦһ۶ջܶࡣ
ɽҪǶҲǲѽ
ƵҿûĿǰʮ
ǸǰʮǣľѹС࣬˭¡
ʦ֣ʵҾýˡ
˵ǰʮʵԺԳɼõģԵĳɼ϶ҲټϻиѧЩأµܽǰʮ޼
ǰʮܱʮǡ
ܼȥ˰ɣ
ϲЦô˵ǰʮǰʮʵǰᶼûС
һȺоֻȵĽ˸ѧӽѾѧѾѶᵽѧȥˡ
Ӧ̴ء
ͽһʲ֪ϰλݸǸѧǵ̨ˡ
ƽʱȽϵ͵Сʱϰĸ׾Ӽˣϰǿ¥
д·¥еǸһģһȥƣ˼ԵĶһζ֪Լλˡ
СһɲǵǼôǱ㾭Էһȥ͸ϰ˹ϵˡ
˵ϰСӽԺԣ뱨ϰһˣǽŵ˸ѧ顣
ڻڽ̵ϰĶԪԪء
һ̨֪ͼģԼ󻹼ǵö˵ģĸɡ

ֶ˻Իȥ˯ȥˡ
ڸѧѧϰ˼գӭԡ
ƵǣЩ׳ģŵ˹Ժԡ
Ϊ̫࣬ѧŲ
ֵҸоҲ˵ģڹԺкŷ˵˶ٺ䣬ҲЩڸѧٳϿԵʦǺõ㡣
˵ҲǣͰɣ
û뵽ôá
һƮѩԽԽ
Ҳûκ׼һˮһʱˮ
ֱ£дֶԴԡ
Ҳͳÿʱһһʱ䡣
˵һûκ׼֮⣬µǶ׼ӡů¯
˵˾Ͳȥˣϻ˶
Ҳ鷳Ǹ
ˣĴҲˡ
ϳԷʱܸоࡢһöûС
Աߵһˡ
ҧƵġ
䱾ʹڿˡ
ͭգһˮһ֪ܲܺá
ϲ١ʦǶӦд˵ҩȥǼ޻ʱʡ
Ҳֻˡ

οҲòС
ڶ죬㼱Ҫȥ
ΪҪףҲһͬˡ
ϲ֪ĳɼϲ˸ѧҲŰ뿪
ƺɽ벫һѣټҪѧϲϵ˸ѧɼ
ԣɽҲһ
Ǹʱ̲סôμѽ
һֱѧõģμԲһˣαÿĿࡣ
١˼ֻ˸ͯҲμԡ
һ˵ʮţҲôˣмûμѽ
ңҾӰ
ҲμӹϾʮţҲнʱ
֪һλʵһѾ
߰һȵʱ
һòꡣ
Ȼͦȥ˶ЩˮɵϸǸӺ˱˷˯ãû
ͦζֱ
붼
һزԺһ˵ԣ˵Ŀֲ
ôҲûһ

ߺɽôһ˵Ҷе㺦ˡ
һôá
ͷ죬˭֪Ҫʲô顣
ץӷεĶ䣬ҧôܱ˺á
ǾһҪԡ
ܶ꣬ٲμһԾٲμһΡ

Գɼʮһµ׳
ǼڸѧΣʱ
ÿ컹óһʱȥæ
ĻҪĵط࣬ʱڲˡ
峤˿⻭ҪҲ֪ʲôʱ򡣡
ҲҲ졣
ΪʱˣɫôµĶ̫м䶪ʧ·òϡ
١û࣬ǰҲ١
æٶ˲١
١ȥʱǰһֱʦãܡ
ʶ֡
δ١ѧûá
Ķһ㲻٣˵ˣż̫׵Ķ١һҡ
죬ôǰرι˹
Ƶã򳪸棡
Ǽ׵ʱֲʶǻżϼ֡
Ϊ̫ԼҲûʱ䣬ʱ˼ﳤ̾ǺЩ
ôһ˵ƵĽ
걻ιˣԷʱԵò̫ࡣ

ǳײˣһծ
Ժûʲô¾Ͳˡ
˳ţƽʱڼʲô
Ѵҵİһ˵ЦʦֲҲȥְɣ
Цʱ͹ȥ
˽ӽ飬ڼ顣
١Ƕöͦ࣬ʼվûǱȽϺЩ
ʦʱԹ
˵ӻ֣һȥˡ

տԵʱ͹ˣǲǿԸҶ˻ˣҪ岹˫ֻԼ˴ºͻ¡
ϴǼµǰ
ص˶ԷҪ޵ˣԼҵݵȵȣȷõͼ
㿪ʼɷӡ
ͷļ¶ȽϿ
ƵʱͼһЩصȹͷصǰزһ
ټݰǶ˿ߵȵõıȽ϶ࡣ
һ£ͼͬһɫϵ
ʱȻǰ油ʱһ϶飬Ųһʱ
ƿһ·˺üֵʲôҴδ
ͼɣǰң˿øһЩ
ҪϸڱעĵطٷŴһϸͼһһ·ãʮֽ
˷κͻڣκֱ껭һ£ƲŲòп׬Ǯ̫ˡ
ǰһֱãĻùĻҲйõ

ԳɼĵһҲˡ
һոһڿΣͼ˫ӹǡ
ʦԳɼˣϲ㿼ûǰʮ
һ⣬Ҳ̫ˣ
һλʦֵлһߵ֪ʦֺʦǼô
ûעôֻ࣬ǰʮ
Եĳɼϵ⣬ɼõÿ¶вڸѧ黹ʳ޵ȵȣڼҾõѧ˵رʵݡ
㽫ǰʮһȦһʮţһʮ
ô˵ֻһõǮˡ
ο˵һϤ棬رۡ
ǰʮǸѧаˣΨһ˺Ⱥ
ллλʦ֣ʦǹȥơ
˵űؽҺǡ

ɼڲٳϵĹʾš
ƽʱʲôҪ֪ͨҲĹʾһ˳ɼһ˽ĽƶȣпԵѧ
˶ߣǰͷʮˣܿͷ֡
ɨԼֺٶɨ濴ͣĵʦֹϲѽʮ
ƵŽż𣿡
͵ˣʮ
̾˿Цǻ㲻ģʱȥǶ顣
ؼǣĳɼǱҲõɡ
ɽǰͷԼ֣ʦ˲࣬һ߰ˡ
ϲѾٿˡ
ĳɼҲǰʮϧ־ڴˣԵĳɼһ㶼أġ

Ųһ뿴һᡣ
ͻȻЦʦ֣û뵽긮ԸѧԼѧ
⽫Щڸѧѧ
һ͵ģƶʮʦֺɽʮ
ǰʮԵѧ飬ֻǰʮвʳޡ
ҵĳɼƻ˿
ʦ֣ȥǻǶ飿
ƵȥǰɣǱҽһЩȥǱ̸ˡ
ʳȫ⣬вá
źû취ѧˡ
ҲãʦҲܻиӦ
߾ʣˡ
ĳɼҲǰʮ̫ȷ顣

ɼһ˾ԼĶȥѧˡ
סһɺѧһԷмǹõĿ鷿
ԣ½½Ѿѧʼؼˡ
Ҳϳȥˡ
ǰ껹Ƹ˷š
ǵĿҪϵʮˣٻؼҹϲϵ϶С£ؼڵʮʮ죬ԣͲȥˣпܣǵʱȥһˡ

յʱ˶ˡ
ĸģǸ׵ĺӡ
մմ۽ǣεû£֪Ǹ־ĺӡ
ֻʵ̫ԶˣǼҵûǡ
Ҫʵ밢ˣ´ϰʱǿԸȥ
ҡͷܴźѧϰѽ
סǸѧֲԼլӡ
ѹĵ׵Ĳᣬϴ˰ȥæˡ

굹ûôƸС
ڸѧϿΣ
֪͹˴¡
һڰβˡ
Ųӿ˺ü飬꣬ͼʵ̫ϸˡ
죬ΪûȻҪô鷳ȷʵЧǲ֪λСϲϲˡ
ӻЦһϢ
ļһְ⣿
еƮˣЦǵûУֻҶżСһơ
꣺
ǿͻ
֪鿴ˣԿżɽҲ֪ҶɹϵãԼҲϲɵĻ
üԣҲһˣ
ͷ
˿ЦãʱɵĴʦǰҿЩط̫ء
ˣȴɲ
Ҷ뵱˵ͣɣ벻룿
ǵڶˣé®ֲ
پܾǸ
Ҳܲ뵽ˣеɥ
ôŬͷñ۸˼
ƾʲôѽ
˴Ź˼ˣϴ˵³ͳˡ
꿴ԼƵͼ
³ͳˣ³ʱѾˣҲ˵ϴ˵˳˸ѧһȥԷ˳ף顣
ǰû͸¶
ۿ˾ҪˣŸ
Ӧһͼǽմȥȷ




76.  162-164   Ҷ

˼, ͼȷ
ʱԷˣ϶õ潻ӡ
뿪ʱһԷ˾ܾˡ
Ͱʰ, ÿ춼ͦæѽ
֪˵ʲô
˫һ, ʦ, ҪҪμԣ
͵ʱ, ҷ, ˵ʵҲԲμһ, Ҫ̫ѹ, ؼԼһԵѵĶ
һ, 겻´Ҳˡ
ʱ϶ȵһβμӵ׼㡣
ǹȥɡ
ŵݲУǾ;ˡ
˻Уͼһ첻ᱻ۸, ġ

Դ¶Ҫμֿ֮ʼæµ
Ͽ, , Ҫʲô׵, ֵ, ٲкƤȥ
¶ʮһһգС˵һ
˵еҶѾ, ֪ҪϿΣʱ䰲硣
Ǻ
ɺҶͣڱǰŬˡ
, ⼸˺Ȧ

ͼзûԣŰѧֽ, һӵݵߣܱдôȳһڡ
⼸ԼƵøƵģʱ򷹳ųʲô飬һųԾˡ
ˣԲˡ
;˷ѣżͼеԼ⼸ԼĶԽԽˣԳŶȲˡ
>_<
ſҧſӰȥ۾ֶû뿪ӡ
ͣҪܣɵĶ֡
οһ̸Ҫʱ̣öӹһ죬һ¡
꺬Ͼͺˣߡ
ʱ½½صͬѧؼҹȥˡ
ѧ˵ڽΣϾ˱仯еŻٶȣеҲˣôҸϰʲôĵطٹȥʡ
ԣ⼸ʼǵʱԱǰࡣ
ʱ˰һ֣ʱˣĿΣֱӸöĶñĶ
ֱȥ˸ڡ
˽صժ¼
ֳһʣµһ㳭꣬ʰ
һ̧ͷС֪ʲôʱˡ
֪ѧϰҲûôţڷ±ˣææϴʡϴ̨ʲôġ
͵涼ˣղʦֻعϣҶûóԣȫˡ
껹ˣϴץĿعϾһ̧ͷͼС۰Ͱ͵
԰ѵعһΪһ롣
СЦõӣҶ˶ʱˣߵլ
꣺

ſعϾҪţ͸˻
ָָϵīֻûɾѡ
˳ϴһоԼڿԳżˣŶˡ
ûԷ˸عϱ߱
͵С֪Ҷ˵𣿡
ٸʾԸʲôġ
С֪
˵Ҳ֪ܵ
Ҵ棬ҶҲŵϺŵģҶ˵游ԪϣĴ
Ҳһʡĸ̨
Ҷ˵Ҷҵӣĸȥ磬ͽһֱڼĸ볯Ϊ٣һֱҵҵ»㹫ƽġ
Ҳһйϵ˵ӱˡ
ֻǺ
ƽ֪ϴεȥľƣΪһ仰˻
ٹɣֻһ
ﱻģʵͦѾ쵽ſˣҲȥҳԵġ

ӲͷƤš
ԭõĿ׶ûϡ
һ֮󣬾ͼҶԱߵװСһҶˡ
ҶЦ߹ӣ֪ҪĶǻ𣿡
ЦѾˡ
˵Ű׼õСӸȥ
һʮҳͼǲ뱳棬ϸͼ󻹼һȫĴͼ
Ĺռ鲿֣дװףʲôӣʲôɫߣдҳֽ߰˰֡
ֲ̫ãҲ
Ҷÿһҳĵ׵𾪱һ֡
δϸĻ
˵˲񻭣ܽᡣ
T_T
ֻС¹ÿɰ
СＷһһһһҶҲĿ˹ȥ
˳ֻС¹Σȡһ·ͬег
ͷöġ
Ϸ̩󸻹õĶèĵȵȡ
ԾͽС¹ΪΡ
СȻֻСøò¹۹ɣ
С˵꣬ͻȻЦ

ӣоͼӦǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ȻһһᣬҶ˵߹ӣ⻭Ǿôˡ
ƣ껹ҵݣԼҵݣͼӦĵ˵¿ȥ࣬ôһܿͬ
оǼҪġ
ô˵Ǳٺòˡ
ţҪǮĻô˵óڣ
վ룬Ҷ˾͵Ϸһ⣬߹¡
ԺⲻҪ鷳ӡ
û뵽˵۸Ǽ󣬶Է˼ۡ
һʱе㲻֪룬æҪôࡣ
ҶЦ߹ӱߵĿôӵĻһŻǼ۸񲻸ˡ
겻˼ô˵ⱾһͼϵĶ
ƵĿ϶ö෽չʾÿͻһۿⶫĺ뻵ô
Ȼһƽͼ֪ʲô˼
Ҷ˵ѻãָϷλؾϷأԺϷˣ߹ӿɵøϷһЩôŶԡ
궼еЦˡ
üһǴ㳤ڸˡ
Ȼֲ⣬ϻǺӦ˼
ĩּһ䣬Ҫпͻ˲Ҳμ˵
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ

귢ˣǰͷ˵Ҷһġ
ԴŵڣӰûС
Ҷ˸ǰ䲻ʲô¶
˵˻СȥһȥˣҶ˵߹ϴӸϷľƣ֪ﻹûУ
ҡͷѧûƣƶڼ
ΪҶǸ;ƣ֪Ҷ˵еϧϷγʱЩǰϻؾء
ʵԼ̳Ӻȣʱдˡ
оӡ
갵˿ЦǴϲ´ȥʱ̳ӣǾǼ˵ԭϲ̫ŪͳҲû١
Ҷ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ц˿ˡ
˿һȦҶ˵ӽſ˵˼仰
Ҷ˱㻽Լҵĺӣ뿪ˡ
ϳ֮ǰ߹ӣϷʱˣӳԾƣٺúġ
ЦӦһ
תòӰˣŰָ˻
Ťͷ֣û𣿡
ˡ
ҲһֱΪҶ˹˳ǵ˵ͣɵģ֪˸ûţҶԸˡ
δɵ¡
ֻҪᣬֻʲô¶û
˵һûȥαһ뿪ˡ

ˣڸһС˹ݣˣһ׷߳ԱߺĽѧĹΡ
ͼԼӳ
극һȥի飬իҲ˼λʦڿ飬Ҳ
֪˶ãԡ
ͻȻһ£СղǼλʦ˵иʫȥȥ
ûȤ
͵Ǽλʦ˵μʫʦֺܶ඼صĵǹ겻ȥʦ֣д󲿷ֶǸѧȥѧ
϶Ŵ׵ġ
˵ʫʵϾ۹Ϊ
ҲԴԼ¹ȥʦơ
ô˵ȥҲǲԡ
ѧһĿξʽżˣ˱صһЩѧ֮⣬µĶ߹ˡ
Ҳô¿Ρ
ʫ˵дͦͦѺϣʵԼܸоóƽƽ棬ȫޣ˿һ۲뿴ڶۡ
ӦǾ仰ƳѾʫдˣҲдζ
͵ȥƣ˵볡һʫ
꣺
ҳ⡣

˵˵ڶȥʫơ
ֵʣֵܹ˵ʦܡʦյʫƳˡ
ѧһλҶˣԵĻԪԵ̽䣬ѧڿΡ
˶һۡ
ǽҶ˼ȥѧˡ 
ѧӡһֱͣͽ¼ϡ
ѧҲһˣ˵ѧÿѮһοΣѧһֱδֹ
λ˵еĵҲδ档
ѧҶ˹ϵȻôã
ڸʾѾȥˣεľͯ
͵ڿΣǿ𣿡
һҶڿεԺǱߣȥʱֻҪԼֽЩС
ÿ˶⣬ǰдСֽϣǱߵѡ֮͸ڿεĴˡ
ͣ
ôࣿ
걾ҹдʫ߰ԼǰʫóĸģȥʫᵱשӺˣҲдʫˣ˵

˸ɵ˻ۣܻ֪£˳Ž֮ǰȥһˡ
֪Ҷڻͼ
һһʱеãͦ˼Ҷ˾Ȼѧϵá
ҲΪҪ£ҪôȥܱȥˣҪôǸ̨
Ͼܱǻʵ۵ˡ
˭֪Ȼѧе˼ˡ
͵ô˵һ£ҶܸڿΣ϶ջǳġ
ǵһζ˵ĿΡ
ֱĴƵģꡣ
˵ӡеĹŴڽӴĹŴ뼫
ʱһ뷨ͷûеôѡ
ݺ͵λһĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ˵ĿΣвٵջ
뿪ʱ١װһʳеģʦֳζôҴЩģ͵ʦֿζΣЩ
û뵽١ȻҪ׬ѡ
彫ͳţСǸ˽ӣѧ࣬˷⻹ණ֮⣬һʣ޼
֮ȥ˽Ŀǰû취һˡ
١ŷӣԴöһ١
ϼǱ߻˵ſأ֮С١˵ķŵҲûа취顣
ʦɩĲѧڼǲ̫ϧˡ
ԿŻ׬Ǯ
ǵĻسǶˡ
ͷҲֹӿԶ顣
ŮҲҪΣǹٻ˼ҺǮ˼ҡ
ҵǾŮڿΡ
˼ûʮҲа˸ˣ١Ĳѧȥ˼ݽŮѧȫû⡣
壺
ʦֲȥʦɩһ£ǿԣְæһ¿˭ҪŮ
ͷʱ䲻ˣ˿Щȥ

˻ؼҵ·ϣֿʼƮСѩ
ᣬԺʣˣſең֪͸Ǽһȥˡ
˵·Щڼܺȵڵ࣬ͼҲǺõġ
ǮˣѼ˽ӵߣǲǸá
Դˣÿȥ϶ȫһġ
ڵĵطĶǼ¡
ͱ˵þһ𣬡ûǺúöɣյıʼأҿ
ѱʼԼǷϴγıʼǣſǰϸ

ڶ𴲴ѩ˺һ㡣
Լʵʵֻ¶۾ӣŰһҡһڵԺߡ
Ĳ粻˸ǰλֽó
˳ֱ˻顣
ʱƼֹرʦҲ̫ùˡ
û취Ҿμǡ
еĿԲ󣬲ǵŬԲǡ
Ǽպһ𡣡
ڸѧѧϰˣҲ³ԣҲ˵ˣ˵ĳɼ˵ϰμ⣬ֻҪú÷ӦҲˡ
ο˵ĳɼ˵Ӧʮа˾Ų롣
ټһЩأҲ߷ֵİգĳɼҪãеĿԾ͸ˡ
͵ʦ֪Ҷ˽ս𣿡
û˵
СֹţͻȻоԭ˽Ĵﰲ
һ̧ͷƼҶһ߹˵Цġ
ѧ֮ûɡ
һߵͷһֳһ£ʾ̨Ͽ
ôһƣȻоλѧе졣
ǶƼͼѧ̨ڣȽһ£λҶ˱ǽڿε
ŤͷͣСѧϴի
ֹһᡣ
ʱմӻ¡ɽֻ֣徭ԵҲҪӴȥի׺ͱ֮飬˳ƹûʲôǵĿڼˢˢġ
˾ʱġ
ѧ˱ף㽨Իһ֡
ǳѧε͸òˡ
˵ϳѧȷʵôÿζͶµġ
ѧҪ֮ģ䡣
Ҳû룬ǶѧƼ飬˴ʱʱ䲻ˣűȥˡ
ʱһֱѧǸѧ֮ġ
׼ȷ˵
˭롪
ҲˣȥҲû˵¡
п꣬ͼҶѾ̨ϣЦգмϲ¡
ҵϲ£֮⣬о̫Ӵ飬ʵȵȡ
ȻҶ˵޹ʹҪΪȢΪޣ˵ǲǺ£
ʱ䲻࣬ԭµǱ־Ҳòˡ
ܱߵĹҶЩ˽⡣
޹
ͬǹλǿ𶫾ҲΨһź̫С
˵ھӱӶǶ˿ӲҵôԷƨӴ֮󣬴ҾͶ֪ͷÿС
һµھӣƽʱ֮óеġ
ҪףͷһΣã֮Ҳδǻ¡




77.  165-167   

Ҷ˴˻һ, ͷ㿪ʼСۡ
Ҷ˵ûһԼ
겻룬˵öԣöԵ²һ˾ö, ǵʷǺ׵ĹҸġ
е, ʦ־Ǻǻ
ҧ̫
꣺
, ֪һ, ضᱻ
ܿʦվ, Լ
, ѸλʦֵķԶ, صΧһ仰, ܺף಻ܺ׵ɡ
ʷϺ׺³
Ψһʦ˵ˣʵҲǻ£ؼǲҲ, һֱѺõĴڡ
ơ
ǣʦ
ʲôһȺҪһŮơ
, ʿɱ衣
Ȼ, λʦĵһ, ɷɱУ
Ų, ´ʵʦˡ
ΪҶҲû½, Ǹվ
˵õĴڿΣ˱
Ͽڲźõʦ֣һӱӿȥ, ʷϵöʤ

ҧűʶæüǲ
۶ˣ껹Ƕǡ
ʹչ˿ǵɶͼںע־
͵ǲǾúǺ£
ҲǸ˼, о㻵¡
һһֱѺദ޵ľò޵Ļʵ˻ΪԼף˵Ŀеλ͡
͵Ҳͬ⡭
ۿҲҪˣĵˣʥֻһӣȻʺҲžꡣ
ؼǸӡ
꣺
䣺ڹʥҲֻһͬĽ㣬Ӷˡ
ԣǷף͢ôܲǱûвϣһ֪ˡ
Ȼ918
Ȼ̫ˡ
&gt;_&lt;
ЩϢȫ¼
ͷҲ̧ʦֻʲôôҪʱҽ
ûȵһҸ㽲
껺ŤͷѧԴӡ
Цѧãѧûȥѽ
ѧҶѧΧŴأû¸պùתתȫ̶дźơ
겻˼ҲԼ԰ʦ˵Ķ˵ȥúоо
ոѧͷżˣպýᣬúᷭ顣
ѧ𣿡
룬ղŲǶվԱ߿˺һ
ǰѱӸ˹ȥЦеû꣬㿴ʲô̫õĵطٸҡ
Ļû˵ȥ
һ䡣
ƮʶԼǰ˭ˣֻڨڨر졣
ѧҳÿ˵Ĺ۵㣬дͰѵʻעһЩϸɨ꣬ͷڴ˵ÿ£ÿ鶼ƹ
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˫һֱûйսѲ޶û侮ʯҪλھӻ
֪ʵڸЩ꣬ϥֻһӡ
Ϊ겻̫˽оͦĹҲ˽⣬е˼ˡ
ĿĵΪΣ
Ҫ918һǾ͵׼ˡ

ѧѱӻЦ˵ǴӦǲӦ
걻ʵöеɵˡ
ŮûУӦʲô
ҶԷҲ֪ûйⲻ˫֪Ƕ
ɣ϶Ǽٵġ
ɣԷп˵ʲôƲǣ㷢ĥ
Է㣬ʲôɶʹ
ѧ
ʹǸʲô

ȷʵ˵û湫
ԷҲ֪Ǽٵģ
ڳ͢۵ʱɲˣ˽ٹ͹ȥ
Ҳн鲻ԼھеĹŮ߻ĹŮѡһλ
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ǱȫΪһֱ¡
ǶÿУǱתͷôǿˣ˫һļϡ

꣬̾˿
ͬʱҲűʽݼ¼ڰ
ѧЦͲ뷢
ͷҲ̧ΪԼǿŻᱻ۸ǿ˭۸ѽ
͸Ĵࡣ
Ҷ˵Ļ˵ʲô
ȷʵҪǮҶȷʵﲻֻӲͷƤˡ
ʵĿǰ˵ߴʤ϶ܿҲֻаա
λ̫ǻ˽ⱱҰģָսǸ
̫Ҳ֪ģر֤ԼһֱԼҲ׼ɡ
ãʱһĿ϶ǲޡ
˵붫ϵô
ɱϾǰһҡ
ұµ˼ֲǲ֪
˶ѵܺã
ˣ취̸Уеϵ
С¾ӭжˡ
ѧ
ԣµĹؼ㲻ڹϣλ̫ϡ
Ҿ޴ԲϹۡ
͸ԮһΡ
ȥȱˣʵǱԼĹҡ

ѧһȦЦô𣿡
͵͵Χ۵ʦǣ׷׵˵ͷʶظ˹ơ
̧ͷһ
ʲôʱΧôˡ
ˣѧӻֵˣ½վͱ۵ɣʱ䲻ˣٹҶ˸ǽΡ
ҶʲôûðɣȫʦǱˡ
һ㡣
ͻȻʾãĳֲ֮󣬵ȿԭ
¶ۡ
ǵͦ࣬Էʱһ
Цôʦ࣬ûϡ
ҲסЦЦ뿪ڣƼմļλʦֽˣĸʹ˸ɫҰѻˡ

绹ȥԺ
Ҽ򵥳˵㶫ż١һˡ
١Ҳװװ۵һӾ˵ע⡣
Ц˴кʦ֡ʦɩôûѽ
档
˲̫࣬ԺĴˣҲûҵλãںվһϡ
λ϶ռˣҲûλˡ
ӽҰѵš
١ʦܣǸղȥԶʱеʦ˵ķӣҲûڸ˵˵
û뵽ּ䣬Ȼ˴˳ȥ
Լıʼóݸ˳˵һ䣬ʵҲʲô÷ӣԱ֮ʩ
ܹޣôԼҲܹޡ
ͬʱ붫ϵ׷ͬʱУ϶Щ
ؼǶûоܾɡ
ⷨҲģػֹ
ݺʲô
١ЦֻŸòúףȴҪĹؼˡ
ų͢Ҳô
ֻ۸òúˣͲҪ̣ȫˣʵҲԷΪ
һҶĿ

Ҷ˽ǡǡԵĿҽ˷
ʱ䲻Ҳһʱ
̼ǻһһʱ֮ǰҶݸдˡ
˸ƼСվڲԶƹЦǰӼˣ
ͷս
ң
СͷҶվҪؾˣ빫һԶٷ
ֻԷʱǿ䣬ϻˡ
Ҷ˶ʲôˣ
ѧ
С֪ɵ£ʵʵ˵ɵλʦҲˣӣ⹫Ҳڡ
һĥǴӻѽ
ңıƸʵЩߣҲ̨֪͵̨
͹ȥô£
һȥȫҶּĴУѧӣеȥˣһŲʳ˼̻˲ֱͦǲǵûȥѡ
ȷʵû
벻úĲǡ

ҶͳԷĵطϴһҡ
Ҳ֪˭ŵģҲ֪ûѹⲻǼ˼ʦֵܵĳ
껹û߶߶꣬ĵôͲ֮¡
죬ⲻҵĻ⣬ԼЩ𣿡
˵˵ɣȻʦ֣˵ǲǺôϵ
ҪȻһѧĸףôܲǡ
ŤͷС˳һ¡
µĲ룬ĵʦõܡ
ʦֶҲϲ
Ҫô˵еˣɵ˹ˣҶΪʲôôˣɲǼǣô
ͼŲˣ뵽һȥˡ
СվרĳԶɡ
ЦԸɣ
ֻҪԹϳԲԼһ㶼ܻ֡

Ҳˡ
ҶЦ߹Ӻ⡢ﶼǰɣͲϷˡ
룬ǽ°ɣҲԵôΡ
ʦʦкѧԼҵλӼ˸
귢֣һֱ治̫ˡ
Ҳ֪ԺӰ첻ӰΪ١
Ҳ˵һʮֵƯ
ݰף˵С
һ˫ӣɨ˺ü顣
ͻȻеͬѧ
õһ壬Ǳ̨ǸͿٸһݣһĵӡ
꣬˵ʦܿǳ˷ͷ
ЦЦλʦֵĴһȻͬ졣
ɫһߵе㲻ȥǱϢᡣ
ѧӦһͷҲصˡ
죬ΪʦԵĳɼɱԺʱҪѽ
ʦС䶼ǵá
Ǻһ
˭ǵΪ֮ǰ˴˶ġ
Եĳɼ˭ǰͷ˭ʦ֣ʦֹϰһͷõдŵʾ棬˶֪ʦԺ󴦴ʦֲǲ
Ȼ֪ԼĽ϶ȲѧЩѧ
ˣû⡣
֪ԣǰʮûһļǰʮ
˵ϲ˵˽˶ϲ˲顣
߳С˼ҵĺӣҲûʲô˲׻ǸӣҵŮ
ʱֻΪá
˹ʺˣ֪Ҷڸѧѧ
ٴγһѷͷͷβֻҪȥԺģһꡣ
ѧ˵濴ıʼǡ
ǲԸ
Ҳ֪ѧΪͽȲü
ߵô˽ﶼˣøϻŤͷߣסͶ˼䡣
ϣֻװɵ㶡
˵Ҳˡ
ӣѧ˵һ˸
껹˱ʼǹ
ͷͷǶСֹء

ߵǰ˸ӣߵƼûǾǸӡ
õĻᣬץʱºӡԼǶȥˡ
Ȼˣ㻹ʲô
һٴеӡ
һ㲻ں㲻ںʲô
Щ˿ߣʵԱҪ
ڵһ¾վ
ۿֻ֮䣬һԵͯ˹ӣܴʦȥһˡ
һתˡ
ǣŤͷֿһۡ
ͼ̨´Աߣ˾Ȼô

´˽չҲΪҶ˺ѧͬһĽʿ
ҶţԼѧ͸̨˵ӵ¡
ʦֵܲ٣Ҵ֮䣬ǻҩζŨ
̨ϡ͵Ĳô
ұҶ˹˵˵
´˿ɲκ£ɨһָҵߡ
оԱʶرŤͷһۣ´˾ЦЦ
ǰھ档
ϰ廹ҽܹ
æغһˡ
´Цİɡ
˵Ŀ䵽ıϣ֪۹Σμǣ´˳Ʊ
ҶǱģضЩС
´۵ģҲûʲô

ҶһȺ˵⡢ҵһ򣬳´˵䷨һ¡
űٶȷɿż¼
Ҷ߿һۣЦǻʶ߹Ӱɡ
ϴҡͷ
Ҷ˵ȥǶʱҼҶѾͷǼһͼġ
ϴ˻Ȼʶʶ
˹ʱ껹ڷܱʼ顣
ҶЦ߹ӣץһʱѽ
ֱ롣
ѧĲ˵ʮƣֻ˵һģһ
æվ˼´˸ղŸѧ˼ɻѧӱȼȥٺúñʵڲ˼
ҶЦˣ˵˻磿
´˵ɲǣҲǲ˵
˴˵ԱŲŲ
Ҷסϴˣ߹ӣᣬʮ˵ã㲻ſܺ
˵ſܴʦʦЦӯӯ˿Ǽ߹ӵĻġ
ܴʦεЦЦǴʦֶ˵ѵһ˲ţֹ˵ãڻ滭رԼ뷨




78.  168-170   

껹濴, ܴʦڿ˷滹ͦһס
˵Ǵʦ˵ˡ
֮ʲô˵, ܶԻǴ, ϵҲûС
ϴ˵߹ӽˣ
ܴʦǾ, Ҵʦ˵, λʦûʮĹ, ǻĻ, طܴʦʦ˶
ϴܡ˼ȥʱ
޸Ż, , ֽŷʶ˰ľ
ණ˵ˣܴʦҲֻ֪һ, ʮͣȴ֪ô
Ƽ, ϶⻭˼, ܴʦɻ, Լġ
ĳΪСһЩĴʡ
⻰ܴʦҲϴ˵ˡ
ϴҶѧ, ´˶۶ߡ
껹֣һӻ¡ˡ
ϴ˲ɵǰꡣ
شˣѧʮ, ʮˡ
ϴ˸Ӻ棬ǻǸ˭ѧģ
ļҵܴʦʦ͸¶ǽĿ, Ҳܲ鵽һЩϣܴ￴ﶼ߱һ˵õʦ
ؼʦڻ̳û
ѧͽֵǷꡣ
⻰ʵһʱ֪οڡ
Ϣ, ŵѧСϲΪҾãҲûôݹƼôԼҲôԴҲ֪ѧɵĶ㣬ۻһ˵еӻ㡣
ţƵġ
ڹġ
&gt;_&lt;
ϴ˻ʣѧϴˣҶ˿ǰԼĺþƶˣɵöȼ
ϴ˱ѧôһעתˡ
С½½ؿʼϲˣΧһȦ
꿴һ۶ļλУͷƤе㷢顣
Ρ
Աȥܴʦʦ
һ̧ͷ˶ֲֻۣʧòسЦЦٵͷרעԶ
͸һ
˲һͳԵöƤĹġ

Ҷ˽дҵľƣϴ̳ӡ
ȾƵʱ˳˹档
ܴʦʦεظЦЦ
ʦԵؿ˿ؼҵľƣǺҪϲλʦ
ʦЦЦ
Ҷ˸ʦϡ

ٷˡ
ʱһֱΪ˱ͣÿٶ߰˷ֱ
ˮٺһЩˮס
ϣҲûԶ٣Ȼװȥˡ
ӲͷƤѷ꣬ҶǻлҪģʶȤĺΪйҪдǰ뿪ˡ
´˵Сأʲôĵطҡ
мصл
Ϳٳš

ԲĹĵĶӣ˲źػѩ֨֨ߡ
Ҫпһ䣬ⷹоյعˡ
ֻҪɵ˲ɵ£оĻ˵֪ϴʦУɰһ
͵Ըȷʵôϲ
˸һɭɭĸо
˵ţһ֨ѽ֨ѽԱͣ
ĿһŤͷƼ˿
ƿЦɣһ̡
ȥ˲оˣ˵Ȳ衣
ȫȲȥˣҪܾůů֡
ӹӵл
Цҿʲô
ˣѧӦ÷˰ɡ
ͷ
ǹסǶɣլһֱء
ҡͷˣһ겻ؼҵʦҲһЩҸѧҲֲؼҵѧṩ˵ġ
ʱߵѧԽԽࡣ
ͷʳˣ˵ĻǶ
Ҳ˵ҲǰˣֵܣżȥǶԺȡ
ûм֣ѧУǶͦġ
ЦȻˣҾͷˡ
ǣûӻ硣
ǿĵģ١£˳һ䡣
ûʶ˼ҪŮġ
Ұϴκү˵ǼһŮ
鷳ˡ

˴ĳ˸ѧſڡ
һȥĵ¯ˡ
ֱյģﴫһɿζϴ꣬ҷְǮݱǸߵǰԶ̧ͷ
νٴһѹš
ƽʱͦ˵ģɽգǴҳ
ܴʦʦ˵⼸Сһ
̾˿ɲǡ
ȥӼ༸£̬Ͳһˡ
ƽʱҲͦ˵Ȼ֣ʱڵʱͷһء
оԼסÿϱӵļ䣬˶ʮ꣬б˼ûڵôء
ʦһȥ´ˡҶݵλˣϴľˡ
ȻеţӲͷƤϡ
͵꣬Ҫʲô⣬ʳ´𣿡
귭ıʼǵҸо´õġ
Ҵһģ⣬Ҳ̫˼Ųǡ
´˹Ҳһ
´ôȥˣܼʱӼң֪ͼ˻ٵİɡ

Ҷ˵ڶʹż뿪ˡ
ѧ׷ż١
ѧУûܻȥֶֻù󲿷ֶܱߵġ
Ϊ·;ңԶȥһ˲㣬Ϊͷԣ·ѻҪá
һ죬˸׼Ե㶫ѧϰ
ͼʵʵˣЦռľʦֹǣ˵Ƿż˴Ҹѧϰһѧϰ÷㡣
ؼԼѧģô϶˶

ȥģֻĶѧأ
оûȥʦһоŸˡ
鷿ԱŲ
ѾҺõطˣǸԺԱߵĲ跿¯ӺͲˮУǼ˵ܰڵÿ
跿˲ˮ֮⣬һܣ˼ٱ顣
ƽʱȲ衢ʱó
͵ͦãʦʰһ͹ȥ

ʰãŰȥʱʦѾˡ
ٶ磬ľʦһھͽķԡ
˼ˣҲ
ȷʵеΡ
ԭ˾ƽأΪԭƽʱҲ˽
ؼ˵ĶǹٻϸǲпˣԴʾԼǴӾǱ߹ݡ
ԭķֻ֡
˵ʲô˵Ͳˡ
˵ˣȫһʱҲõĹٻ
¸Ҳ࣬үүһ㻹Сء
ǣһû˼ڡ
ʲô⣬С͡
ʦֵʦ֣ԺԵĳɼԵĳɼǵжһģô
ʦʵһʷ⡣
ʵһ㶼ѣҲᡣ
ɶԷ˵Ƿԣ죬һᣬʮֱŤķԵбʼǣʦҪ
˵꣬
̫ˣоյǺϻ

Ȼ˵ĺĴ
ǣʦû̫
ͣ
ʶôãͷһ֪겻Ǳˡ

ѵҶһϵ顣
Էʱ˿ʦ֣㿴ҼǵöԲԣʦ˵̫ˣЩ̫
ʱоϷ
ԽԽ֣˵𣿡
һϣɬ˵̫Щˡ
ϰ˵ٻ˵ͨвģԭǰ˵ĹٻѾ˵ҲΥ͡
ȥŻصϼңԡ
ͻȻȷʵʦֽе졣
ҪҼ¼ɣҷ顣
Ӧһĵʦá
ͣ
ÿⲻǸӡ

ǰñʼ¼ڻ̫ͣõù̼һżͰֽˡ
εǰɣҷ롣
һѾصͷ
һξ͵¶ʮˡ
ʦ⼸첻һѧϰˣҸ
˵ܻؼҹ꣬ҲЩʽС
׼Ųɹͼϰ˵Եĸǡ
±õ⡢õ׸⣬мСġ
ҪҪǮͼСҲʳеĶˡ
ϰĻҪʢһЩҸƵģҲû
СЦعӣǹӰˣŮȥǵԼ죬ϲʡ
Ǽơ
˵˾ǵһ¡
֪ң
ҺͰ׼ҡ
֪׼ǹٻ˼ңھأǶ˵ǹż
үҲų
˶֮⣬̫̫ʹ󷿡ļλ
׼Ⱳһ߰˸޳ȥʣµļҪҸŮȽˡ
ﲻֹнŮģ黭һλҪҵǽ̶ʶֵ
С˵ֻ꣬˵һ䣬ƶҲ߯Щ
Ǽһ𣬶ԷÿſζһѧУûôġ
ǵСѧѧʦְӢš
׼ҵãѧࡣ
С˵ÿԣڳմŮȥ̸׼ҶǳˣҸպܲʽεʱ븮ѧһʱ˫пǵʱ䡣
лһȥʦһ£ոظ
СЦǹСȻȥˡ

ͽϰСĶʰãŵԺС
˵һȥҡ
һžŵһζ
ñᣬЦϲըǸ⡣
кԲӡϹϱ
߶ģҲеˣȥϺ˫Ҳը졣
ϴ˿ڳæء
˫Żæ߳ԡ
ĸҲ±ӣеĸӷ
¸С
ʱ䲻֪ûУСëͷ֪úûû
ǡʱ鷿ϲôҲѽ

彫ýݡ
æݲõġ
ҲûĨǣ˵һ¡
ĬˣЩεز֪οڡ
ֵʦ־Ҳô
岻˼ЦЦǣһûʦ˵
꣺
ԣǻʵ۲̫ˣ
ȥ١˵һԷٴλʱһʳ¯ĵģЦǳʦĻġ
õԺ÷ꡣ
١֪࣬ĶҲࡣ
ĵĻٳھûͦá
ҧһڣȻз۵ζл㡣
ϰΪ˺ǵĵȥ֮ٸǶ١
֮һ仰ڼõġ
һѾؽϵĵĸȥȻˣұ˵һҸˡ
ʵ̫˼ˡ
û£Ҳ׬Ǯ߲
ҲûҳԷ
˲ѩһҡһڵȥ˵һ
һ˵û£û£
곬˼оȫԼһԸҹ˼Ҹû£󡪡
Ѫ
ͼе䡣
ļ磬ƼǱӵģҸһɡ
ջ󷽡
Ц²Ϊѽ
ͷ
һӣҲżҪؼң԰ʣµȫˡ
걧һڵӡ
Ʒů㣬ĵ׵һɨա
Ѫˡ
ͼһһĵòˣŵʵҾðɣʦֿǲʦɩȥ˼ҽ顣
һֿʼӸоˡ
͵˵ѽǶһ¶
ͦѪ
ΪλŮ÷ǳÿҲ󣬸׵СǸ٣ֻȥɩռ˲Ʋһӡ
ɷ岻ãû취׬ǮңҲʹˡ
˸ŮĻƣ֪Ǽҵ˷˲˸¡
ﻹͦġ
꣺
ԣ岻Լȥ˼ݵԭ
ֱһ㶼ԼŵƷ
걻˵ģµԲȥˣֱصҲûôԡ
ǷԼװ
ͼԼڵٶͦ죬չҲһᣬԽԽôоѽ
ֻںӣܰӵġ
ԡ
ʵ̫£ƽʱ϶ʮоˣΨһƽֻϹèӡ
õжʱˣɿ̫
Ժ͵ָˣ
ÿֵͼһ۾ͼסˣǱȰںӣѰհ׵ĵطһžͳˡ

ʱ俴ˡ
ʱҲ׼ȷֿٵжϡ
⺢ʵ£ǰͼסˣǲߣȫˡ
&gt;_&lt;

֮࣬Щ𾪣⺢ӵļҲ̫˰ɡ
ΪãǴƼ飬һֲȫ˷ˡ
³һһգ
ʦڲ跿ϡ
ʦִ֪겻̫˵ԣΪչʱ˹ٻ
꣺
˴һ𽲷԰ɡ
ڵζô
ʦְѵõƸÿͷմ³˳оζУҪٷŵʮ͸ˡ
ǵζȷʵ̫ȫ
ܰڵĶѾܺˡ
걻Ÿžʦһӡ
еζǺֱᡣ
һֱĨᣬһûעֱˣøˡ
һѣ꣬ǻ
мӦһϴ˰Զˣ۾ôˡ
ѽӰ꣬۾ˣڴڻ˺һŽ
ͰõĽӸһ룬ЦӦò۾ˡ
ǲˣĴζŨ԰Ŵ򿪣ͨ˻ŸоһЩ

û
ʦһ˽ӡ
ϰ±͵óһʦһ
磬ֵһȥԷ
ſ֮ǰ˼ѧϰͲˮ̫̫һۣʲôʱˣ㻹ǵѧʡ
ôܻӭˮ衣
꣺
һڣ۷ζ͹ζвζ㣬ֻ̫̫õĿǺ裬ɫе㰵
ʦĸòǴӻ¡Ǳѧİɣ
̫̫ЦСҲ֪¡µĹѽǴǶѧġ
ϴȥѧķһɽʱҺһΡ
Сɳ˵һλڻʦʱúܶأǱԷ䷽ⲻǶпˡ
굱ʱֻС˵˵ѣ뻹ˡ
һˣ
&gt;_&lt;
֪Ϳ꣬ʲôָʱ仹ܿꡣ




79.  171-173   ְ࿼+С

̫̫˵λ¡»ڻĹ, һʱõɴ۾ˡ
һЦȻӢ۳꣬˲˲ã
걻ö˼ˣ̫̫, Сѽ, Ҳ˰, аޣ
æʦĸ, Ѿˡ
ô˵, رġ
̫̫еϧ, û뵽, СС;Ȼˡ
һ, ǹɱˡ
̫̫ȥ˳
ڼҼҵͦһһƽʱæɨСѾͷ
ڼҳԵеࡣ
ǰʦĸҪȥͣǹ, ҲĿʼŬˡ

͵ڶĶûȥһ죬ʱܽĶܽһ¡
˳ȥǶʱ
һϢ, 꿪ѧ󻹻һԡ
Ŀǰմҵĳɼְ, ÿ˵ʩ, ԱܿøЩ
Բ𣿡
ҡͷ, Ե̫ˣ֤ݡ
ܵøǶһ·, Եһ㶼ͦ򵥡
꣺
ԣ䶳˸į
ֲãѧʱ, ˸༶˼һÿһΡ
ſѧʱ, ǺúòΡ

һֱϿεʮ塣
ǳ̫
⼸Ҳ½½صʦֻع顣
ͳãѱӡȵóɹĶɹЩ
׼дõ£һϤ꣬ˣ
˵ţڵƵ˵ǰһ§סĲӡ
걻˵ıһᣬֽ˳һ

꿪ġ
Ҳġ
һʱ䲻ۿɼķ
ĶƤЦʦһףʶһˡ
Ȼһͳ⡣
ٺЦ꣬Ӹ˲ٵĶǶأȡһ¡
걻Լķ䣬ϸһ̲ס˿
ôࣿ
ɲǣװС복
Ҳ˴Ķ࣬򻹵ö
Цǻ鷳ʦְ͹ȥ
Ŷ겢ߣЦɩҲˣҳ׵ʱûܻȥԷ
죬ͦãʱҶûʲôóԵġ
еӶͣˣ˳½½˿ţֱտŵĲŶȥٵʳҡ
ԣоԼʱһ㡣
ЦҾ֪϶Բãˡ
˹Լʶıоǲʲô¶
һڣ̲סۣȻˣҾ֪϶ˡ
˵ˣ׸յġ
겻˼һʱûҪǿʦ̫ˡ

˸֮⣬˼λСϢ
ƺɽԼʦȥǶ飬ϲһѧѧãټ϶ѧʱʱһЩ˻߸ѧڿΣǱߵԽԽá
˽ӣΪȥս꿪˲Ǵӱתġ
˳ɼҲϵġ
ԸѧǱ߿Ҳ൱
ʦ֣ҵø˵£ҽҪμǡ
ǰѾϵȥˣ⣬οѧְԾܸȷеϢ
ͷһ˵μ֮ǰ׿ԣȷĳɼܹܲμǡ
죬һʱ֪˵ʲôźá
ԣʦǳգܹܲʱĳȫҸ
񾽾񣬡꣬ʵ˵ȥ겻˵ϲô
һֱùͯԺԺԣȢϱ
Ȼ
˵ġ
ΪһΪϱˡ
һġ
һϲü䣬ӻֵ˵ˣҲͰǳҲһˡ
꣺
ҾͲø졣
ϸֳզģ

¶ʮѧеѧѾˡ
ķְ࿼ʽʼ
ʮ죬оԼУһеɵۡ
ʫʸ踳黭ԡ
ϸΪĿ
ʫʻҪдһס
޳һֱԼ´н߼ҲˣӾٵҲرǡ
ҲǴ׻ˣ˵̬ƫƫ˼Ҳ
ɬذĥīϸֻһҧȥдˡ
ֱеݶдˣҲûʲôſʼʫʡ
ʱŰѸ˺üεʫдȥĥĥߴߴһѾӸȥ
˿Ѿͷˣ֪ⷽ治óҲûҶʣֻճ˹K⣬ǳ˻࣬ϽȥȻˡ
Ҫȥ԰ɣҼӽȥҽǶˣʣһˡ
ȥҾҪԹK⣬ȥ˻ûǮ
ĥСˣ
ˣ겻ôüˣҲ

ĳɼѧѧвڡ
Ҳûμǡ
ĿһҶİ༶
Ǳżһȥģⳡһ͸굱ͷһ
еܴ졣
ȻKܺóԣԵȴô࣬񣺡ʦ֣˵´˵ʫرá
Ҳ֪СвС
ϴγ´˵ˣʲô
ʵڲ̫˼
ҾУ´˶Щ綼չ˵ġ
ָҹεģҲ֪ܿţǶ˹ʺ˵ģҿɲ˼ȥĻ϶УҪ㲻˼ȥƤ񡣡
ůůġ
ҼӸҴ̳ӾƣҸպøһ̳
ĸϽҲ͹ȥ

ڶգʮָӵŶ˳¼ҵš
ȥĸպǷѧʱ䡣
´˻ûεֱð
ûûεأſǰ˻㣬СèҲץ
͵֧ʲô˼ġ
˾ָ֮һء
۸ǵ˾͸ˣΪǰ;Ƥûϵ
ˣƤָ㣬ʵеѽҪǰʦʲôģоȫ⣬ɳ´ˡ

´˽ջıƽʱҪһЩ
һž͵ʱ䡣
´һţʶؾͺһ䣬ˣǶԹˡ
Ȼȴһѽ
ǡ
´ЦСرҶߵʱ򣬻ûأտЩţҾûڳʱոˣǺúġ
е⣬Ҷ˾Ȼó´չ
̫˼ˡ

һٷ꣬´Ѿ֪еĿģЦʫʷ⣬һ治ǫܸ
˫һ̫лˡ
տд
껹˼ʫһԼŬġ
еĻǰæһһ顣
ԵʱպӦĿֱһס
ǽʡ˲ʱ䡣
οԿɵãﶬûУɫҲС
׼һʫһûϣץϹĸоֱ˵ͱһƴ
ԽżԽд
´ַ˷οԵ𣿡
ѧڻܼס
˵д
´СϵһԱȣЦЩʫǲ˰޸Ĺ
ͷǡ
ǲһֱãʦǵʫдúá
϶ѽ
˼ô˵Сѧģҡ
´һô˵ɣʦҲֻɱȽϹأʫʵ⾳ںá
´ʵһĿԣֻҪʫдùɲ϶ֵġ
ɳ´˵οʫʵıػ
ʫʹʷһۣϾͻˡ
ǺٿһЩеΣա
ΪʲôͻȻʫʵıأ´˵Ϊ֮
Ϊγ
ͨϴҶʱ̬ȣ´̾˿˽ⲻࡣ
Ǽţѧ
һȷʵе˽
ǰԾѾȫĹˡ
˾һ֣ѧôصˣȻҲҪƣ⺢Ҳˡ
Щ;˵´û˵ֻǱΪͬؿһۣ⴫Ǽ٣ܱȥ˵˹˷ˣۣڰʫһ£ΪʲôҪôģԻɱ֣Ϊʲôȴƫƫ
һʫҲͶʮ֡
´Ҳ͸ĸ֣ϸ飬ͻȻø˺üΡ
ˣ̫ɣ
ɶȴϿڣһ۾;ãʫдúãס
´˵ҲеʫѺϣ硶۲׺Сʵɳ棬ѺϸҪ
ʫһȦס
ȷʵƽû⣬ҲѺúܣƴһȴʮֹ졣
´˽˴ʱÿдһס
ԴѲؿѺ֮дĶÿࡣ
´˵ȷʵˣٰԺÿոһʫҲԡ
лˣ
ҪлңͺúŬøγ
꣺
´Цûģ
ͷȷʵе㡣
ԼĶ̰嶼ˣʲô˷˵ģ
ɵЦպѧʫ

ְ࿼ĳɼĺܿ졣
ȷʵΪʫʷʧ˷֣ΪοЩӣ漰ķΧǳ㷺˲ʧ˷֣ʧ˷֡
յسǰʮֵ˼һࡣ
ֵܳɼǺãҲڼһࡣ
ĵһס
еҪһЩİףΪμǣ󱻰һࡣ
˿˵ڼһףڵʫ´˵ĵ㲦ѾܴˣһΣоԼӦòôˡ

ĥȭƣӦ˼һ
Ϊ˲Ϻȣÿѧϰʱǰֶ˰ʱ
Ǳʱɲ䡣
ǣֻÿ˯ʱ
кüΣ·ܲȥҵ꣬߰궼ûע⵽
һٴŶʫȥ´˼ҡ
ϣûУţ˸棬ͷԱˡ
ֱĥȭͷʲôΪԼȫУһˣ
Ϊο⣬רӵĳ
˵ͷ䳰ȷȴ˷
سΪ꣬Ǿǲһ࣬Ҷ֪ǴСسѧ
˻鷽棬ķ涼̫С
εĿ⣬Ҳʵ̫ƫ
굱ʱʹӳ´Ƕʦ¡
ʱ˹ʹĸо
ëϵǰ˸Ӵ򲻵һѽ
ͳҲֻһΣ˼ȫ̶û˵˼Ҹû£ڳΪΪİ㣿
Ҳðɡ
ҲпƾٵĶʲô䶯ɡ
֣飬ȫ淢չʼ͸оƾٿûеô򵥣ټοЩƽʱֻȤĿĿͻȻ˽
оԺĿԶҪ䡣
ЩʦȴŴţܺߡ
Цá
ʦֺ޺޵˭˵ûϵˣ
ôҪǴӼġ
һУɼҫ۵ġ
ԵʱΨһǰʮģһǴģС
ѧ࿴ҶͣҲС
˵Ҷˡѧϵ
ȻܣѧҶ˲һƽʱ»ÿҶ˵ɫ
֮ξġ
죬һѾⶼ˭߰ѽ
ȥҶ˵ϯҲûʲôϵðɣЩʦҲеãǵ˼

ҲΪ£޵ѧǶҪְˣ˵ʲôؼȥ
ѧ˺þãŰ˸
꺰˹ȥ¸˵
Ѿȫ˺ˣֱϽ
̾ϢһѻٱƱƵ񣬡˵γ⣬Ǿѧλһ۹ġ
е˽ģȷʵǴ
͵꣬Ҿ¶ǲڸ
שҲͦʹ
껹ûڣһԵ㻹˵ҰǸСԺ쿪ʼϴε밢ûϵҹҹȥ
˵ĳԹҶ֪
ھڳʦֵܣ˭Ҳʲ
һĬĬ˰״
̫ˣɱʱŴţҵ汳
£ҲʵܰԵΣǿ飬ܼҵķŭ
ǰܰ´ôаΪһ󲿷ֵѧ
һûû˭㲻˳۶ܲһš
ʹþʦһˣܴм٣Ҫ
񣬳ң˴һֱϹ۵ĸоϣǹҧһë

˵˳´˼ҡ
´˸յ˹ЦյĿˣйصģǰʱһύ
ˣϴĿҲϷơ
ʵڲ̫ӦȺᣬʮĴ嶯ԳϷġ

ʫ껹ᱳ٣ϲʿġｭͼ
ϧдȫ
ҧűĥߴ˺üᣬҲֻд˸Ŀ
Ǳߵѻϸĵڶˡ
ٶȸ죬һҧ˻д⹫ɡ
ǣһʫд꣬ûд㣬дһڵĴʡ
õġ¡
ʺĪ̾Ψһ߷һβӣ

´û뵽ƽʱдʫѻվȻˡ
ʫǴʶãһ֮ôʾͲôŹˣڶͨ׶⾳Ҳˡ
н
ǰͷдѩģֳĵߡ
ٺɵЦǴˣʲôҪĵĵط𣿡
ɣõøһЩ
˳˵һʣ´˵ûεĸоյķǳá
Ժдʫһصľ⾳оЩڵ˿ĴϲƧ֣ԵԼѧʣȻʵϣֶףʫȥ
꣺
òͦеɽһ̣ˮһ̡
˵꣬´ֵһ͵ġ
͵ʫȵģһ޵ӡ
񰡣
´е˵㰢ģ̫Ӷ̬Ҫá
񣺡
˵õĿƲ˵أ
ȷʵеˣΪеԲ˰ɡ
ȱǮţҪˡ
´˵ֻ֮ͷ´βˡ
дһƪ
񣺡




80.  174-176   

ȥĥʫ, ´ԽͽԵ⡣
ҲһʫĥӣͰ͵ذʫù, ´Ƶ̬ȶдþͺô
ʫһ, е㲻ŵ
ԣ
´˹, Ҳ, һ·˳˳ˮ, ÿŵ׸ŵλá
, ˵ηְ࿼ĳɼ, ⼸úѧϰ, һϰӦûʲô⣬ǲŬԺֻ밢ԽԽԶ
һ𣬡˷, һŬѧϰġ
´ЦЦʫ
Ŀǻ, ʫ, дƪ˰ֵ, ĿҸղ˵, ǴԵ⣬´δϷơ
ͷ
´֪, ǿһ顣
񣺡
ܸоصն

Ϊصնî˾Ҫúѧϰ
ֻһ롣
һȥիʱȻ˯
, ʦ֣Ҳ̫̿ˡ
ֻԼѾˣ̿ôƴ
ԺĨ˰, ɲǣ챻Ǽҵãֻп̿ѧϰˡ
˷Ҽǵǰ㱳ڽ󱳰ɣǰѰѹء
죬˺ü飬Ҳֻܶ϶ر䡣
Ͷһۡ
üһѹûѧϰǻװʲôѽ
εðɣû飬ҽһȥ̣ȥˡ
ÿϼҵ̶Ὣ˱ڵĻƷȥԼʧۻ
óжɾɽϵͽá
Ǯ࣬ϼһóһ־ѧԽЩѧӡ
αŵܵܺ͵ãжӹȥˡ
һ죬ǵһ졣
񼤶Ĳˣջ֮󣬻⽫ЩĶϸ˿ʡ
ϼȥ
һӣ͸ϱ
һ
ֱɥ־
ʵ˵ɣⱲû룬Ҳ׬ŵ˭֪ôá
˹ƵģͿͳš
ͻȻʵ֣ʵЩ֪롣
ⲻӦ
ԣûбܹ̬Ƕ飬Ҳİš
ʵ룬ҾҲû⡣
տʼҲģɽ飬ƽ
ãžɵɵɣ˸־ʦָּͣʱû·ʱкˣ֪ôˡ
˼˵ˣѽɼҵȳɼҺҵ

ҪҪһȥի
ȥġ
ϲϿˣǰʵʱƹ˵⼸µģպȥơ
귢ҰԺѧȺҪôһ졣
Ҫôһ棬дһģһ㲻ǼԺ
ûջĿ⣬꣬һ£ø˵¡
ѧԴϴηְ࿼֮˵˽𣬺˵ҽۣ뿪
˵ˣȥ̸ˡ
Ѫƨ
Ȼأ
мѧ˴ˡ
Ǵر׵Ǽ⻰ʹ˴סˡ
Ҿ˽ۣҲٶ˵ˣʵǸԣҽҡ
ЦǴ˵
£Ҳһҥԣ˲Ŵɢˡ
µ׿Գɼһ۵ľǳɼˣ˭ں
ãֱӰ˸ˡ
ǿ˵ˣ
ЦûƼģǰʱΪԺͷ𣿡
ϢĿǶҴĲ
ǽ˴ˣ
ǰͷŻãܻɵġ
ɾ⼸αӣټҵĶԹǸоûϵ
ǲڸѧ飬ѧλרŵҽġ
ƽʱѧָΡ
ϢҲпܣλҶѹȥˣĸڸҪ÷磬Ҫġ
ҲǺߡ
ǰµ֣ôδ˵ģµ֡
Ա֮ʧ
񣺡
Ȼûë
͵£Լ֪ˣǧ˵
鷳Լˡ
ͷá

˵իһžƼվǰ
ƹ񿴵ǣЦӭλӣôʱˣ
ʲô³ľӺ塣
˳ѳ´ƼҲ
ƹȥ飬ֱȥС³Ļȥˡ
˹е߰ؿڣʦܣ˵һֱų´ѧϰʫʣʮʫҲȥ

ʲôҵѽ
תһ룬ǲȥĺá
һӮʱô죿
Ϊһְ࿼ֵһһķת硣
깣˹ӣϵ˵öԣһ治ȥ

ֱӱˮǺˡ
һ䣬ѽѽ˭˭ѽ
Ȼ

õĴһӱ˻ȥ
ߺߵˡ
ַ˷ԱߵĻᣬͻȻо˼ġ
С飡
ʮֽ˷ͼͷдһμ̵֡
ͼ𾢣չÿ𣿡
С
ؼû뵽ͷȻ顣
ǣʦ֣ҾҲԡ
Ȿᣬ򵥣իŮ
ĹǰڹںϿأһںˣһ֣ٻģ̲סÿε㿪
ãԻһĺ뵱걻ִԵòҪҪġ
͵˰ɣڶµˣ
·ݾҪԡ
㻹аʱ䡣
ʵʲôʱ䣬һĿš
̼þ

˹ڿᣬЦҼҲڿ춼ˣ
ǣԵþе١
꿴˿Ҳûϻ
Ȼ־ڴˣھźȿͷˡ
ŵҼ˵ֻȻûá
ϲĶŮӡ
Ůʶֲֲֺ࣬٣Ҳǳõֻ֣ҪͼͻܶŮʱҲЩ
ھǱ߷ǳеģʡҲ
Ķ
ӻˣٶȿģǲÿ컭š
һ´ҲܻСˡ
ƹʱ˳ʹһ¡
ƹЦعҪǻǿ϶ǲһġ
⻭Լġ
ʦҲԼµģǰᣬϧ첻ôᵹͦãǰ˵Ǯ׬ˡ
ô㣿
ƹЦҪǻѽ۸ۿ˵׼붫̸أ
һʱ仭˴ǰƣоͳоˣҲֻһʱѪ

իţ̲ס꣬뻭ѽ
˵׬Ǯģܸое㲻ҵ
Ҳ룬ÿʱӦҲû⡣
ݽ
Ҳ衣
ЦúûҪûҪҾûȥɩӿ
һƿδֵ⻹ûأȥ
ⲻôһ˿ҲǿɩָСƣʱôĵĻˡ
Ѫһȥ
ֱˣô
ɼˡ

걻̼ãȥͰʱһ¡
ͺЦ㻹滭
϶ѽָ׬Ǯء
ˣͽǲݡ
ͣ
һЩ
õҶݣõǲݣ´ٸģŪ߸ݡ

ǣĺľͻ
µ̫Уǣ˱־ͬ˰棬ÿﶼQܲٺҲʲô֣Ǻѡ
Ǹȴ꣬ȨǸӣţĺӶ˸͡
T_T
ɸЦһ»꣬Ͳˡ
ʵӣҸоᱻ˴򡣡
ȷʵͦ˼ģͦʵġ
ӡɱڣӢ۱ȫһ
û¶Ҿ㻭桭
ȥԼ£оĺϲСëͷһϲ

˵㻭ÿ쵽˻ʱ䣬رĵġ
ÿﶼƵʮɫ׷Ҳģ֪͵˶µס
ѧһֵĿʽʼ
οԵʱΪһ죬мѧ߶ܳԷģˡ
˵ȵ£ȥԺһΣ졣
룬ԺǺãǰȥӦ¿Ի

ο˵ֻһ죬ǰ˵ˣ粻ܻȥʱԱˮ
мȥҲþ׼Ҫʱȵȣоرʽ
ڽ̫СԺİʮѧȫ˲ٳϣԴӡ
ʱ̫ãɡˡ
ʹֵû뵽µ˻ô䡣
ҲоˣǵĶϼҪ¶Ҫ͡
һѩʮ춼ˡ
մɡʦֻͦ࣬Զʱž꣬ûɡʦһ˥
Һֻ˰ʱͣˣȴԽˡ
ŲӰѾӴ꣬ϸ飬Žȥ
صᣬѰˮ˶Сˡ
æﵹˮô
ã
ֻúµƽʱŲŵɵϰ㶼֪ϴ°ǣУһʱͬѧǰ
ûãһԵȫꡣ
֪˿ԣ¿κ͹æˮ
ջȥһ˾¥ϰ͹
ǣǻҲûᡣ
ЦȻˣϽϴϴ극ѽյĻ˰ɣɩӶȲˡ
꣺

οԵϴηְ࿼ࡣ
֪ͬѧŲ³˽ǵĶ
ҧżȣ꣬汻˵ˡ
һ꣬ʦǾͷˡ
ʫʷռһף黭ȸּܶп㣬Ψһͬǣϴεıһ롣
ʱ䣬綼ͳһôһſΡ
˵ĻǼ򵥵ݣҲ˵ԺЩҪϡ
оˡ
òӦǰĿԻƣֵøı䡣
ɶǻòУ׼ǵòΣ
Դ˵ˣȫǸµͼһл˵һ䡣
еαط
治壬ÿζŰúܲңױǵֵ򣬼ֱ췽ҹ̷
ͬУʲô¶Ҫֵġ
˼ţֹȫֵɫ


ɼ³һˡ
ʫʷ浹ǵ֣һΪʫдòصˡ
Ƚϴηְ࿼ĳɼ˼͵ǳɼͦȣûô䶯Ҷֵûôãɼȶڼװࡣ
Ⱦӵһ
Ҳˡ
ڴһ̣˵ЩӰֵĹܡ
ˣɰָʵʵ

Խְ࣬ͬʱű䶯ĻԼλá
ԭ˵ףĽγɼмڶţͺһ𣬶ڵڶš
мλʦǴӱİģҲǰཱུȥġ
ЦҪôȥҸо´ҵȥࡣ
Ҹоһѧϰûʲôһѽ
ЦǲһǳɼȴǶ
ÿһξͷһΰиѧһѹҲôҸŬѧϰ
ͷãԺְ࣬Ȼҹɼһ·£
䵽Ժȥ
æ͵У˼ѧûбԺ

ٴηְ󣬴ҵѧϰͷ͸ˡ
ԭ绹ͬѧ극߿ʱڲٳȵȣʱԺͬѧҶˡ
״򲻶ˣǰ༸ͬѧÿʱһ
øŲٳܸ߰Ȧ
£һȹһ졣
ʮһոѧżһ죬˵ˣҪȥ̤ࡣ
١Ҳȥ
Ѿܳһʱûˡ
һ죬ʰã˳š
ͶÿγŶֽʼֲ֣ҪҰѾϴϰɣʱʲôġ
ãʦ˵Ǳиǵʱ⼸ƥȥ
ͻûȤ
ͦãʱɵýң
Цû⣬˵ģҲǰ
ϱӼⱲӣѾüûˣϣʱˡ

˵Լĵص㣬ͼͦӣЦӯӯվԱߣسЦЦ
æϴк˺ãתʦֻû𣿡
Ӧÿ˰ɣ˵꣬һµǸɩл˵
꣺
΢΢죬˼ˡ
ЦʲôѽҲˣ㲻˵˵Ŷ
źʦܻĻÿѻøЩСÿǶ˵ʦܻıիĻҪãӱĬ˵˵ȫһϲأҴϣտһأ
갵Ծ
һֱΪûȥֻϿˡ
û뵽תָСÿˣԼڣȫ˰
ٺЦҾ˵ɣƷƷ
ЦҪǰٶܸͺˣ֪ѧϰţҲ
Ĵ߸
Цлɩϲʱ໭һЩ
ϵǲżģȵ𡣡

˵ţ١Я˹
١ǰϽãǣ˫ߵľ͸ˡ
Ůźǰͷĳϡ
ϳǰϸ١㣬ҸղŸʦ˵ˣʦã˵ʱ໭һЩ
꣺
ԣ١Ҳ֪Сˣ
뵽ˣ͵͵һ壬ЦҲ˼ۣ˶Ŀһµĸо泩
ʦܻΪѧϰΪɣɱɥ־ˡ
ͷлʦ֣һעġ
ֱֳ
ҲѧУƽʱ֪ûˣ뵽ˣԼ
һ۾˿ס
ֵܣ
Ҫ«ޣǲǸüЩ




81.  177-179   

һȺһ, Ҫô۹ΣҪôʫԡ
´ˡʫմǡ
˵ʲô߲ʫĬһҲһ䡣
żüʻʵġ
ͦ, ǰʲôʦ𣿡
껹û, صĳ´, ʫЩо, ϴθպ, ˼, ҲǴͨʶ
˵, Ȼ, ֪
ЩĽڸѧǺѽ
ЦʦҲģʦֵĳɼǿǺöˡ
ûӻ¡

һ
ĿĵأȻɽͷդһƬ, ͷͦ, ˷Ƿ, ʹֵ, ʲôʱȥ
űڱϻɽ, ƤûҰ꣬ҷǵɽÿ
Ǳɽ, ҰݣľңΪиԭ, ˵ƽʱٰ̤ʱڣ˹
, γھĸо
·޵ƽƽܱߵĻľר˴
ɽ»һӣ˵ǿϢԷ
ߣҲ̨ӣǿ̨
͵
һȥģȥϺ١ȥɽµСջˣһ³߲·ˣǰľɫû궼춪ˡ
һ˼ˡ
һµıʾûͣ
һŻͲ󼸱ˣһ̧ͷһ۲Զɽǰһƥɫƥסˡ
̧ͷĿ⡣
Цɣղ㣬û뵽ǡ
鷳ԱŲһ㡣
ûϲǿһעأôĶֽأ
ղѧϰˣǻˣ
ŶҲˣſǴ߹أĻҶ˶ϲòˡ
˺ڣʲô£
ĿеǷѽ
һûҹӵķȣ˵֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ܱϲʲô
˵γɼ濴Ǵͷġ
ǺǣպãҲôΪӳüĿ续ῴҿҲƲӳš
һϮɫѣԵݰףϸȣ˳๫
ɫһ䡣
΢΢һЦӽˣܲﻥവİɡ
һҪ㣬ҧ꣬Ҳұ
ʲôʲôԼ̣֮֮ҲʵҪ˵ӸҲұȻ
ҪȻǲͺͷϵʭ𣿡
ұҲͬĵǣԹӸ˵˵㻭üãҵҪ̡
ŲԵС
ʶرһ䣺ꡪ
ȻֹȻСӸƫˡ
ҧгݵ꣬ӺɷģͱˣǻҾҪӾҪ۸㡣
꽫һʻãֽս˰
̧ͷһܻЦѽܸ𣿡
ۿǳ˵ǰͷһ˾͹ϸ䣬ˣͱ˵ӣСϸ첲ϸȵĿɲᡣ
ɫһ䣬ҧɷһԼ׷
δ䣬ԱߵӵţݵúԣǹӲǱͱ˵ӵˡ
ûȥԱȥˡ
ΪһΪרҵѡֵˣ꿴ı»еģܵÿģõġ
֪ͷһһԸѱġ
˼ãܻͦ˵
̺ЦãƥˣܵٶҲͦ졣
תԼѡһƥ
ϵЦδϢͼѡ˱ҵæӣƥʹãƥ
ңٶȿ죬ڵĴѪͳ
ҸͷԵһЩ
һ֪һͷߴٵһˣǹӱĻѡ52Űɣƥ䲻죬Ǳӵһƥǲֲ٣ҪӺá
û£Ҿ49õġ
û˵ͷһæտЩ
49Ц£֪ҲܾûˣҲܾûˡ
Ϊң̣ܽԵС鶼ȥŷˣҲû˸ҷ
˶ģֲġ
49Դ㽫⿪ˣ˳ְŴ򿪣һһӲ˳

ǣţˣ˵³̰ɣҲȡ
һƨ¿࣬㲻ͷԼС˸˵һ顣
ܵģΧܵȦܵϻиϰУʱ̵ıӮ
֤ÿ
ֳɵģѧ͸̨˶ڡ
꣺
⵹ãģ˭ȥ

߻治ˡ
ӲͷƤһȦѧ͸̨Ա߻мˡ
´˺ԼһĿ䣬ͺܱˡ
ѧ͸̨ߣѻһڣӦˡ
ѧϳҪҪҲ֤ˡ
´ЦѽҾʹ߰ɡ
˵ҪҪȥţ㿴ϷɻУ
æȻС

Ҫ£ܿʹȫ
ǸϹʱϣ49һȦֳ
ҲûȥվԱߣʱע49ֻҪоһ˿Ծȥס
ô£
Цûʲôܻܵǡ
Ҳ˵˵ôҪȣ
ǵʵڲôϴֵ÷зȲӮоеΣա
û¶ǹˡ
Ĵࡣ
ĸоǱ軵Сʲô鶼ϣĸоǲͬġ
ʦֱģСĵ㣬۱Ȳϸ䣬ûʲôġ
͵ûϸ䣬ҲûЦ㡣
㻹ǵİꡣ
ٲУ˼Ҳǽ֮󣬼ȼࡣ
겻һĴһֶù˵ˡ
ֻůůģұ˸ĵơ
ǱߵܱߵοѾˣŤͷûԽ˰ɣϽ걾ӻԵأ
㷭ۣǸͶ̥զģˡ
˵ķԱߵ΢΢ü

ܱԼһ¹С
ڿ֮ǰѹ˵һ顣
һ49񱼣ץֱͦ˱˫Ƚϰʱһ49Ծ
һһ൱Ĭ
ĿĿɿڴ
˵õ49ңһ˽أ
ϵ൱á
ȫףʮϰ߸ߵ͵ͣʽıϰƵĻǲ࣬β
Ҫһǧףͷ˻
һ̧ͷͼ㿨һϰϡ
ٶһ£49ٴ˳˹ȥ
֣ʱ49ȥʱٶȻҪ죬ûˣһųеյ㻹δ
̤㻹ܡ
ĲӣЦʲôֻˣҲ١
ͺ˹
м仹мƽʱһʦ֣ղһˡ
ĵľٵһδθкá
û뵽ôˣЦʦôˣ
Ȼδ䣬һӣʼܵڶȦˡ
һֻ˹ȥ
һ䣬գ
Ҳû˵˵мBUGȦܸأ49ϵĺá
ǵڶȦʼĸ谭49ңǿ
î˾ǰ壬˾ͷҪۻʱѾ
һ䣬̫˵㾪ײܵȥ
49˳
ʱһ󻶺
ʲôû룬49ص㣬е𣿡
ûˣȫ̡
˵ű㳯˹
ڻسʱһû˺׼ĺܺãҲδһء
ͼôһ˵һ
Ҳǰ˿
ѧͳ´Ҳ˹
´ЦѽȻôһ֣
ҲǾģɼֱ̫ˣЩϰǰ㲻
ѧ֮ɫСأ㻹жپϲǲ֪ģ
̨Ҳ˵˼䡣
ܱһۻͷĶӣܲ´ʱ䣬˱ȱȡ
꣺
㻹ӱ𲻳ɣ

Ӧ49ҪܼȦҪ
ӮˣôãǱ꣬ôܼȦ
񼸸Ҳÿƥͷ
껹ʱһӣʲô49ô
ЦѣͰ㵱ѣ졭
ģ
ȻǸġ

Ӯ´úܿ졣
ϻȥʶʦ½½к
Ҳʦʮͬرʾ˼ġ
ЦӦһ
͵û¶ԺǼȥĶһҲô񡣡
ܴûʱ򻹲Կ˭ء
ǣ˶Ҳǡ
Цû¶
˵û£е㵣ġ
Ҫ˹֣ȣǿɵ꣬Ҳûؿȥ
֪͸ѧɢʲôģҲҪʱ̱ǡ
ϷأһεµףǱߵһжûһ±˸˳

ָġ
ţֶ˵ƣȥԼҵıˡ
ͷɰ롣
ϧ￴ϱãǹﳤ欣䲻ԼҶӡ
Ӳǽ£ţȵֶ࣬һ˼Ҽž͸ֻ£ҪŶԷ˽
˵Ǳ֪
˼ϹʱˣǱˡ
ǰ̾˺ʱġ
Ҿöˣպôˣõ
õϹˣԺ¶ûˣԣҲ˸̨Ҷˡ
ΨѧεΪͽ
鱻ͱŻϴθѧǼ˵Сѧһ£֮߰㣬ԵݵһϷ
ܱǼҼƽϡ
ȻҶ˶˵ˣִ̨˵˺üΡ
˭֪ԽԽ֡
ʲôʺӶǼͷϿۣ˭̵ˡ

귭飬һûһ˵ꡣ
֪ô˵ǵľˣ
ȻˣǾͲÿԴˣϸ˿Żţ̫˼ˡ
ѵͲһ£¼ķչ𣿡

ʲôϵ
ȷʵУԺܲǻȥ˵
ομӽء
ʵĿҲ˼ġ
Ѫ
һؼȥˣҽ˵Ҫӣҵøȥ
꣺
£ӣ

µĳɼҲϳʱ˳
ֽͺֵܣضн
˵μװ˻ڼװֻ࣬΢λá
Էʱ֪ô죿
ǰǰͷڻڿɲһˣǼ˸ѧѾҵѧǶȥˡ
ҪҸ˵˵ʲô°ܻѧӵй
ӦøԺòοʲôġ
ĶӣƷ϶ҲôҲְؼȥ
л˲һСطѧ
ΪԼûб㱻۸
ԣ⼸ѧУҲͦҵģѧֱһͷ
ǰǲܴҰһ
ˣ
עĵô档
͵ʮһպǾʦ֣ˣôʦִˡ
һߣҲһλһλ͵һˡ
е㲻̫á
һ̫ˣ̧ͷЩ㡣
ܲܲλãλʦֻһ¡
ϸһ㣬ҪǾʦҲǰ࣬ôǰˡ

ǰһ
ƲûϿΣ˹
磬ʦ־ʹ鵽˼һࡣ
ȫ뿪ѧУ
˵ߵʱѧᣬһҹ˵ģ൱Ǳ
㾡һöûš

ʱһξ͵Ѯ
һջ껭һ£ϸһƾȻһʮҳ
㻭˶ʮСڣǻһСԪ
ܲѾӳмѪ㣬Ŵʮ༶ˡ
ɻֵܣȥƹܲܳ飿
üӰеĸȻȻҷôʲô
ֲרŸϿĵġ
Ȼӻĵӣ͵뷨׬Ǯ£ܲɣοҪ
ԺҪϾϿǮĵطȥˡ
Ҳ֪Ϲô
ľƷɺã
ԭϺҲ
ȥʱʮĶɽأͷһ˵ӣٵ㣬ڸкƷ൱
һ뵽߰ĸը̻Ƶġ
ҲͲԾغͰ
͵ҪǵȽǹȥưɡ
ͷߣƹȥ

ȥʱƹ̸顣
˹ƹЦųǺһ𣺡عӡιϢһᣬϾͺá
æǲż
ƹһֻһӰӵƹ˵˿еϤ
δ䣬ͼԷŤͷ˹
˫һۡ
ЦͦϤʦ֣

΢Ц˴к
ƹ湻ɵģԭعӺιӵѽǿǴˮһ˲һˡ
ǰͼһƪӡ
ˣ岻˼ϴ˵ϲӣʱû¾ʦһĻʲôģҾ룬ҲдСܷóȥ
ϧ˼ի˼Ҷò̫á
ҵˡ
ʦдʲô𣿡
ҲûŵݸЦЦҼ㻭ʲôϷ˵ǲҲдƵġ
ϸΣдǡǡͬƪ
ϧô̫ҧۣͦϴ󾢣֪ɶ




82.  180-182   +崺+ī

۰Ͱ͵ؿ, ̧ͷҲû󿴣ʹһ£ЦЦ, ʦǲҲòÿ
ʵʵ˵Ŷ, ʦֱȥ
񻰱ֶ, ĶĶˡ
ȻҲжϲ, , ӦǹС, ʶ, Ҫֲ֡
деСԵ, оǺܺÿ
һ˵Ҳ㣬ʦưɡ
ѾĻˣһƶһݴ
Ϳ˵ĸоһû˵ôֱ, ֻʦûпдĻ
ܸ򻰱
ٻܲһ㡣
ҡͷδƹ
Ϊ١˽䣬͵͵˼
ϿĶ, ֹԼ, Сһſ
˵, ˭˭˭һ׬˶ӡ
˭ĻϷųϷ, ĶˣԼÿնܳһʱд, ܴ󸻴벻١ôࡣ
˾ãǼȫ١֧š
еŤ, ΢΢šüʦֲƱдģƹҪʲôĻԼ㡣
û, ô׬Ǯ
彫Ӵ˹ƹлء˵һȥˣһžͽĶ˺˸顣
ֶԱߵͲ
ϳŵڣȫǵիһ飬أ

عӣչǣ
껺˻񣬰Ѷȥ
ˣÿҳҳ
һһʮҳ
ƹõһҲһŵӻȥˣ
ֻֻ˵˵ѡ
ϾһĻ⻭Ȼ
ԣû˵
Ц𣿲У
ƹӵȻᣬ⻭ƹ
꣺

ƹֱʮҳŻȻҾ˵ҼǵС򻰱һС˵ĻûƵǱÿ
൱ʱһ䣬ʲôļҳģ
˵ûǸѧһλŻģҲ˽СΧĴΪԷһֻܻš
ڶ죬ٴιʱ͸ƹš
ƹƵȤ˵ʱ֪֪⻭˭ġ
ʱǼҸ
ϣԼˡ
ô˵ǿˣ
ƹЦȻҲ˵׼⻹öơ
Ҳ֪ǵĻ٣ǾȰѻȻȥˡ
ƹ𣿡
֮ͬȫɣ
ƹһһµģʲô

«ޣ
꿴ۣûʲôֲ𣿡
ؼǲѽ
ƹðɣҪҶݣǾ͸ˣϾҶ֣ڻ̳ѾЩˡ
ҡͷҲ֪Ƕҿ⻭ʱҲһġ
ƹȻеĹ
Ҫͽа˱ɡ
ƹ񣺡

ƹ͵Ŀ֮£ȡһһ֡ī
ͬĩߣһߡ
ǰ׼Ǹպ÷
Īֺðͦϲ졣
ͺƹ֪ʲô˼Ƕīֻͬġ
ǣôˡ
һͦշġɼǡ
ƹӷİɣ֮ǰ˸ظӻȥǵãݽŻѽ
Уݿǧܸˡ
Ц֪ˡ
ƹߣϲ̵Żȥˡ

͸ջصԼСԺͼԺתȦȦ˻꣬컭û
ˣ͵ƹǶȥˡ
˵ᣬæǺãôôţͲɩӻء
Цͣ϶˵Ͳѽ֮Ӻͺӵȿ˲С
ЦˣɩǽȥԸ
ֵʲôӣ
ĥգ
Ȼô˵ѽҶû׼ʲô
׼ѻҪ
꣺

ꡣ
Ѿʮˣһ뵽ѾҪְˣ̲סпͷ׿ѽԼӡ
ƽʱʦһ𣬴Ҷһĳš
û뵽ǵˡ
пţͼͦŴЦӯӯذˣȥó㡣
һ˲̫ȥ͵ģϵа꣬һķչأ
ֻһˡ
ЦɩӣҺûá
ƹ˵ˣݲٸƣҲ⣬ԷҪ׬Ǯ
۵һЦ˫ûã£ʵҲ㣬١㡣
˵꣬һ⼸ԴСԲݳɹ١˹

١ŤŤز˼ڡ
ε˵ɡ
١һֱ棬Ϊˣ˸СѾټչˣӹ൱ɡ
١ͲһˣԴǡ
鶼Լÿջ͵
ÿеʱ䲢ࡣ
Դ꿪ʼῪʼϾϲŸ١ԼʶЩСƣЩСҲǼҾġ
ûǰ飬޺ҲӾ͸һ
ҳ˿֮⣬һЩʲôģ١μӹء
СͲҶ֪١ѧʺãһСģĵġ
ǣ˵ûʲôÿĻˡ
λͬѧҲ죬ÿյȰȵʵѰ
ҪԼдͺˣͲõˡ
һҪҪдСһġ
١ЩĶ
ĻͨףҲӣҪǻ׬Ǯ
ԼǸŮ֪ŮϲʲôĻ
ǣ㶯д˼
갵һ⻹ˣҲ뿿׬Ǯû׬ɣǱˡ
١Ҿʣдˣʦܷ͵իȥ
ǲԼ档
֪˲ģΪϴ˵Ĺ¶ôĲ֮֮˵һ䡰˼ҲǿЩƭƭЩСʵ¡
꣺
˵ֵ

ԼԶ˼˻ЦȻԡ
ʦдõ𣿲ơ
١Уʱд߰ƪˣǶ̶ǧֵС⡣
ҲЩСƹˣҶһΪ˵ûǱĬЦȴ˿ġ
иСã͵͵˵˯εˡ
ɼ൱ˡ
ϵ١дãĲһͬǡ
١Ѷꡣ
ǿ˸ͷ̲ס˸Ĵָ
࣬ϲķ
ͷ֣١ķã渵泩С
ýյĽգ滺滺һƪС¿ܴ꣬ж䣬ľ
١һУЦá
꿴һƪ󿴣һ١۰Ͱ͵صأǱ̧ͷʦдÿ
¶ӣЦûҲ˵١дĺÿأҾ֪һеģ
١һ䣬һһ䡣
ۿס
ʦңȥի
١żģȥĻȥҲС
ʦ㣬ҺϢ

Ŷܵſڣ˼˻ɵЦʦ㣬ʲô
УǮʲôҪ𣿡
١˸崺
ֵ崺磬ֺѽ
Ӧ١ĸо
Ǯ£١ҡͷȰƹղգأ
϶յģűЩӺÿ
˵ȥի
ƹմһˣΪʻ£ҪڣС¸ȥЦ鷳ҿղա
ƹ𾪣д˻
һ뵽ղҲвеģ֪Ϊʲôûóˡ
⵹дģһѣó棬ҿղգʲôҲܸңȥٸĸġ
ƹơ

١һд˰ƪǰļƪǶǧ֮һƪдһ֡
ƹͷȥβɨһ飬ÿ
»ȱƪأ֪عӴô
ô
֪λѣǰд𣿡
İ
ʵʵ˵һдΪǹӽãƹƽʱֲҾдúÿˣøҸõļ۸񡣡
ܱȱӵˣȻȥżˡ
ƹס
С˵ͷһͷģ١֡
һԼƸģһ±뽻٣ƪ֣ƪĻҪƪϣÿƪҲǸġ
ͷĸӣֶƪһ㶼һ԰Ǯ塣
ƪĻ˳һЩŵˮ
Լţ¹ʸȻ󻹻зֳɣúõĻҷõĻǮ
ͻȻһߵŻ
һĵ
˵˵õ⼸ƪӣһԸӡ
һ
꣺
ƹҪλѣһдǾòɲ֪ôԾȷȥˮҪǷˣ´Ͳˡ
гݵݸǾƪɣµĵ¸ù
ƹӣҪٸһ

ƹּۻۣƪȫˣӡ
ƹֻһµĶҪȫ˵
˵ǿϣŸĶԵ˲ӡ
ҪҪⲻǡ
ȻЦµҪң
ƹ££Ҳ˵׼ҪǷȥôҪǺõĻ¸¾ȫˡ
õĻһƪƪϣпϡ
ǼȻǮ˿϶˷ѡ
ӻ޶޶֮ģǲѵġ
ף˼Ҫ׬ǮģǷƶģƹл뿪ˡ
صҰӸ١ƹĻҲתЦʦǿźˣԺһԽԽõģ
١ӣۿסֺ
ʦǻ𣿡
ЦˣղŻȥˣҸȥ±ˡ
˵ָָϵ±ζ
Цɩ
ϰڰ֣ȥɣ˵©ˡ
갥һߵſڣƹ˵Ļڸû֮ǰոˣ˻
١ˣлʦܣȥѾܿˡ
ĵ϶Ҳġ
ʦ㣬ʵдƪիյʱ䣬ȥԿ
Ҫǲȥʦֺҡ
١жҪˣͷʦܷģһġ
ʦǧ
˵Ķ˵ˣűıػݣһžͼÿһǶ𾢡
εʦ֣ʦֲŽ꿼ԣ˼ǲҲż
͵ǲ˵ˣÿջŻҲ㣬㻭ʱģҲ𣿡
һҭ
ҪҪ⼸ӶˣҾðɣٲ࿴飬һ鼸Ǯʵ̫ϧˡ
˵ǮöЩˣȭͷ˵ʦôôȢôõϱ
ϹۣҪ޸
ɨۣҲƲȻ
͵Ҫ£ĸ֮ý֮ԣԼеˣƽʱʲô鷢¶ԡ
꣺
˵ôоʦƵģ

һֱã١Ĳѧ˵ͥʦѽ
ؼæҵ˶
١Ӻã̵Ů˵Ժôʱ䣬κһңʲô¶ˡ
̾Ϣһֽʸȥˡ

걾Ϊƹһȥʦ˵իûԼˡ
ֻúֹȥһˡ
Цƹһն˺üˡ
ƹЦⲻǸսӵظ𣿡
ѻ͹ȥʱڼңүء
үӵʱɨ˼ֻۣ˵֡ʡ
˵ǵżλүٸϢ˭֪Ϣô죬Űʱ˴𸴡
ǻ˹ˡ
겻֪ģǴӱǻϣδƳ
ҲΪˣû
⻭ǿԳǼ۸ѹͦ͡
ּ۸һֱӸǣʮһᡣ
ǲֱԺ󰴲ֺĻôȸֺ֮졣
һһᡣ
Ǿ͵ڶװɣ
治ǮϴҶ˸
һͨӸϡ
µĶƱ
ϻмʮ
ƹЦŹҲѡڶס
⻭Ŷܳ
Ժ󡣡
꣺
ʱһڲǣ

Ļȷ˳ȥһ˼ڶˡ
ÿȡŻ֪ͽ£һ
ͼһȥ˿
⣬Ѿ޿ˡ
͵װɲ䡣
صСԺ׼ϴһȥԸͼܹ꣬ի㡣
ֵûѽ
ϴƹ˵ˣ½һᣬһҳһʮҳ
ھÿ໭һҳѰ·ݿԵҳҲϳ
˭֪ի
ƹЦصһӣ
ϸһ飬ͷһЩ
ƪͦġ
ϸһƺͷıȻЦô첻ˣ
ƹЦɲǣǹӽչ˵ڵˣһµǮء
һ¶Ǯ
ƹ˳Ҫ³
ɲס˳ٺЦӣ˵˵𣿴¿ʼÿ¿Ըƪӡ
·ƪ·ݵİµĶˡ
ڿʼ͵ñ·ݵˡ
Ǽ۸أǰ˵˵ģҪǷã͸ᵵ
ƹ
ǰһƪǰģһƪᵽİġ
죬ûѽ
ԺԽԽ




83.  183-185   +

һ, ƪĻô˵
ƹƪĻҲɡ
ƪĶͶƪֲһƪΪһξ, Ȼ, ƪҪ, ۸͸Ǯٶȶͬ
Ǹᡣ
, ԼǻҲֻ˶ӡ
, һ, ֻʮ
湻Ƶ, һôҲʮʮ, ༸£ʮӡ
ӻ֣аɣһȥ˵һ
ƹ, ǵѽǻҲû, Ͼ͵ˡ
꣺

ի, û뵽ʲôôס
ûʱ
١¿ȥ, һƪ², ˵٣Ǯȥի, ҲֻһͨǱֳ־
ҪܱӵǻС
Ҫд׬ǮԼ飬ʵͦѡ
ʦֻȥɩ˵һ, ʦɣʦְЩɩӸ, ɲܸˡ
á
¸տʼǰòС
һ١ܿ׬ǮҲȰϹôǿ
١Ĳѧ궼
οѧ١Ҫдġ
˵ˣǴ˵ȥһ֣ǳɡ
֪ԼҲ³ˡ
żֹһᣬҲûɶ

еʱյ˼źͶ
ϰȥʱæġ
ϧˣ±ζñ棬±ûУǸһ̳ӵѼͷ˺һֻ࣬ҪϴˣԼܳԡ
˵ǴӴ絽ˡ
ָ˫Ь˫ӣѡ
Ѷ˺üˣȫû
ڸѧСУһ²ŷż죬ȫûдԼѵʱ䡣
ɸʱģֻſһ磬ǴϾ͸ˡ
>_<

͵ѣʺҡ
һܲ˯ǰ˶һᣬһأҲʵ٣һףͦʡ
Цʦ־ʹ˰ɣǻкüأûʱ䴩
ؼϿµӰ죬ѡĲϻе
ͰѷźãЦҿɲҪҲͬ˶һȥãһȥɡ
ͷҰѶʰá
̵ٰһ֣ȥ
һỹø͵㶫»˼̳ӹƣ˵ԼźȣҲˡ
ֱŵװס
ΨһûľǮ죡

ѺͳԵģ»ˡ
ȥ°꣬ͽϰˡ
ȥ꽨Ʒ˾Ÿ£ûͣ
꿪֮ٶһټȥ̫̫˵õģǼׯϵʳ֮󣬸һ롣
ȥҲ˵ˣԼׯϵʳҲһ֡
ټ븽ĴԼõģԼԭϳ㣬۸ҲҪһЩ
ҪƣԣҲǩԼ߻ǰҪԭϵ͹ȥʱ˿ŵ֡
ⷨӺã˫Դ˷ѵ
ηֺУ߰
Ҳ˵ȥ꽨ƷһЩǮʣĴʣͶʵҲͶʽȥˡ
ͿǮЦ㲻ü׬Ǯˡ
ҪŬ׬Ǯģ˵լӿɹˡ
ͣ
Ҳ̫Զˡ
ȷʵҲǣŴǡ
ȷʵϾһιˣãùʮ꣬ʱ϶ػһֱ·ܡ
ʱǸô
˦˦ͷûңԶ

ͺһĶ˻
ĸѣһЩɽϵز
Ļһ׶졣
ЦҼǵѧʱ˵ģʱһֱæţûʱ䵽Ҽθ㲹ϡ
߰˽Ĵ죬Ҳ쳤˲ӣһ˫۾걻ùֲ˼ģôеϧɡ
ҪԼţ
УǾԺţǣ

һػصСԺ
Цǿˣ̵ˣҶ챻ˡ
һ߽ĶźãһЦʦԾͳ£ʲô
˲ڣô˼ԡ
Ѿˮˣ̳һϣͬԺļʦҲÿһ
ʮһӾͷֹˡ
˵ǣҧһڣΪ̫ͽõǡ
Աߵľʦֵ꣬Ǽ⵰Ŀá
ɳðͣƽʱԵ̵JζһرŨζ
ζܺʡ
ʦϲԣдӷӣҲԼ㡣
ڰɾˣˣǹƶǽˡ

ֵڸѧѧϰˡ
οûûؼȥΪ̵꣬ǰͷľûʲôˡ
ʦҲһʱ䡣
һذ
һᣬ꣬𣿡
ʵǵ⣬˵ѧѧòôͷѶȻǲģǱ󽲽һ¡
귢һĵ㣬ѧʱô򲻳Ĵ𰸣һͻȻˡ
ԾԱǰ˲ֹһ
һʼ⣬ҵעʹıг

ٽǣѧĿβѾˡ
ǰͷûϹĿΣż
һξ͵µס
ѧŴҵԺһģ⿼ԣΪ졣
Գҵѧϰʱʽ
Ҫ׼ʲôԼãԴסȫ档
˴µĴи񣬡ʦְտգҳˣһӻ
Դ˴죬ܲɢСһﶼƨɺ档
ܲʱ귢֣ٶȱеĻҪ죬ʱǱȻܲһֻ졣
˵ģ治
ۿɼë࣬ƤҲˡ
ѽҳʱ򣬿ɱˣҼС߹ʱµˡ
Ժÿһһ죡
죬˵ģʵ˸ãʺһЩҲô壬ζ
ȡ
û˵꣬ͻȻҧƨɡ
໵һƨɾ
Цʦ֣ܲġ
ܱߵ죬ߡ
ƨѽôôף
꺰һС߲鲻Ը׷һᣬȶҧһڣػˣͰ͵űҧõطҰ㿾˳ԣ㻹ôҧˡ
һҪ˹ȥ
ŵתҪܡ
æһС˵û˹ȥȴųһᡣ
͵ˣСó֡
Ҳͦ棬ô
϶ѽȻ˵һԡ
ҡͷѧĶNɲóˡ

걾æչ˴졣
ôһߣһӴ㹥
ҪÿιιȣÿιˮҲʺص˯С
񣺡
ⰲŵĿװ
ǲס껹˵һ
ЦİɣϷտţҪ͹ɡ
꿴죬Щ⣬ֻЦʦְæտţʱˣÿȥС߱ɡ

ѴźˣԼɡˮ꣬ȵ߰Ķʦһ˹Ժ
Ҳ֪ǲѧУġ
βμǵһаʮѧλûر
䵹ùһ̧ͷܿéޣȻһЩζ
ֻӬǳ࣬ŷŶûУӬͽͳ
һȥͱͷϸҧȣ˯ž
ֱ˲˯һᡣ
ڶ죬⡣
Ϊȣİӡͷ˵ڶ磬һɹζˡ
ѾȫˣǴӵڶ磬˵콻

˹Ժţû·ͼһ׺Ķų˹
ͷһĴ졣
ԴôԼˣ
ܵأܵÿѽ
ǲˣҲͽ˵Ҫ꣬ϸˡ
⼸һһΨһһκƽ
컹ϵ·һܶˣԼ۸
ʦ֣гԵûҿˡ
ʱѾ׼
ʹμӹԵʦǣ׼Щʲô
ڷ絲Ķȷ׼˲٣ɳԵûѡãŲ죬ôЩ֪ʳںŷһһȫˡ
ǲȣЩȥĲӬҲθڡ
ԣǰҲûԱ
ȦˣѶϡ
ֵȻͣ˳ˣ˲ҡҡλεߡ
ͱܺõ㣬˵ԶĶһϾͱһֻҰèһ룬ԣҲǶųġ

ŸͶ̥ˣһѶҲ̡
һô𣿡
ʮ궼߲Ӱٿôһ׳ʵСȥ죬첻ˣ͸β˲Ҹҿˡ
Ҫǰ껹Ȱһˣ㲻ôɡ
ڳеȰڡ
ҿǣٸ㡣
û׼ã¸ʽ϶ˡ

γû׼õĿ
극˾񣬺˰ѿʱҪ׼Ķһ£ֽһһһѸòĶϡ
쿪ʼ׼Ƶģ׼ҲͿ³ˡ

ģɼ³һշų
Сһȥɼ
˵׼Ĳ㣬ͷۻģɼǲġ
Դ˵һλãû״򲻶
οʦҲǵһΣ˭Ҳûռűˡ
ЦɼǳԵҲû׸èߡ
ҪҲûѧ顣
Сϲ飬ɼ̫á
ĸΪǲ֪˶ٿࡣ
֮ÿõ˵˰Լˡ
ĳɼо٣Ժ治ˡ
ٲжڸѧܺС١
ʵôѽ
֪λʦ֣ԺԻǰʮأȻԿ˺üζûһγɼһΡ
ڸѧѧʱɼҲ൱
ÿضǰé֪

һȥ֮󣬴ǶõԼԾѴⶼ
ٰѲ̫ĵط黥ۣΪ¾Ҫ볡ˣ½½ͷصѧͷĿջѾסˡ
һοԵԺʱҪһ
Ȼ¼ȡȴԺԵһ롣
Ҳǧ֮ߵ¼ȡʡ
˵ʡõģеʡǧ֮
ľǡ

³ߡ
ʮգ˵ˣҪ͵Է
Цˣô󷽣ͣ
һţٺЦŲأͰ긶Ǯ
Цû⡣
͵𣿡
Ȼˣ㻹˲ɣ
ģһ鲻̫ãû
١Ǳǣߴţܻͦӭģֳˡ
Ѿˡ
ߵͿһ÷ֳˡ
˽Ǳ߳˵⣬١ҲϣҲմҴ˵һ䣬̵ɫġ
ͬʱµĸӸϣæƹ
Ҿͷˡ
ʦ˽ǰ첻ȥˡ
΢΢һ㶡
Ҳ˵ģǸ˽ӲһֱûʲôͳҲôĸѧǴҪǮλʦ֣һȫˣҲû׬ǮǱż˺ȥˣⲻǷһƨծ
ⲻϴѷӸˣʦֽǮ
ͼѣѩϼ˪
˽ĽɢˣǼλѧǮʦʱûùѧѣЩ١á
˵꣬˶Ĭˡ
չһҲġ
͵ʲôĲĵģղƹ˵ǻѾǰƺðֻӡˢɲˣԽǻҲͿˣʱֻǮˡ
ǣǳԷ

˳ԹȥЩˣǸǳԵġ
ͬʱҲԼҴιιŴȥٳȦŻʼ顣
ͱȵˣ䣬鵱ã꣬˵ǽȥܴ𣿡
бܴ
ûѽ
ҾǴˣð죬İȵȫӡ
βԣ죬ͳһӣ١ϵӸ࣬⼸˲Ѿöˡ
˵ȣվһԵϣ
ͺһᣬͻȻò̫Ծ
ֱŲų򣬲ͣ紵ߵĴϡ
̲סһ䣬ǳɾڸȷ磿
ӵĴ졣
Ȼѵˡ
Ťͷһ۴죬ԴСߣˣҲȵġ
²ľȻ
ϾҪˣһֱбÿչһЩ̶ɰѽˮ֮ġ
ʱ򻹻Щ÷
ǽղų극ϰҲǲٽĶ
ûš
͵꣬һ¡
岻̫ˣϣǹȥ
ϣ֮ټһ档
ûСʱ˶ҰӣĸΣǴĴ壬ټþˣĸ׵˵⣬ȴѡ
游ĸڵʱ򣬻˲ٵĵأһӶж
㹻ĸˣҲͶʶˡ
ݣֱͬ˳ø׳Сʱ۸˶ˣ֪ϾԳ
һֱΪԼĸһӡ
Ժ˳ĸָھڡ
꣬˵ҵ𣿡




84.  186-188   Ů++

⻰ʵ, 궼ûش
Ҳͷһۼ¡
һôãͼﶼЩʲôˣ͵ĸĸ˭, ûʹ
ֻ֪˲, ͦ, ƽʱҲ, ɼҲһֱȶ, , Ҳ¡
Ϊʲô뿪֪𣿡
ҡͷ, ֻ˵, ҵжҵ
ˣĸҵģ˵ҵҵĶ
ͰѲϵ񻷸ժ
ϸһ, ˸֡
ҲƲȻ񻷵ǿͦ, 滹Ʋ, ϸͷ߻ġ
꣺
Ҵǲǹô
Թ԰
Ʋ
Ϊ˲ٷ, ס
Ŀü, ָͦͷ⻹൱Ķ, һͦ
Ҳû˵ʵʱѽ
ѵаĻ
ͱ궢ͷƤ飬㿴ʲôû
ҡͷ, ҿ񻷵ĺȺʹСоҲϵģϵġ
Ϳͷ, ҲҲۡ
̧һ£һȥҶ췳ˣ㻹٩ҡ
˵İ
Ͱ˻ֹҵȥˡ

ʵڷÿðˣСʦ֣ܲע⻭ѧģЩʲôͼʲôãнġ
壬ܿݿ϶͡
Ǹ֣岻һ̵ġ
͵ҹϿ
ݺֹǲͣǻߡ
ԣԥҪҪȥ
˼ûУζȥǱҲһѧϰ
֮꿴Ǹžۡ
Ҫʦһȥɡ
ǹ󣬸ѧĿǰľһˡ
ʱ䲻ѧٶͦģڸѧûбҪȥˡ
ҪôؼȥҪôѧꡣ
Ҳ⣬ؼԼѧ
Ҫѧʲô
ϴᵽ΢еĶ
仰ѪˣٺЦ̫ˣ߶ȥ

˵ٽԣÿջǼÿ컭ҳʱĻٶ໭һҳ
Ѯڰѵ¸ˡ
Ѿͼˣ±趨ȥðա
ƹٶʮҳ壬ĵӣٶȿ̫ˡ
ҽܲửˡ
Ҳصһĳ̶ȣǸСᡣ
ƹ׵ģӺúȥˣټ
ˣλѽһƪǰķֳɸġ
û뵽١ٶô죬Цͦãһļ۸񡣡
ƹЦɲǣλдÿãرСϲ֪λ˭𣿡
û뵽١Ѿз˿ˡ
к
̲ס֣Ѳ¶ģͷɡ
˵꣬ȥ˼飬һȥˡ

æſԵ飬մһܽĽ飬ÿհһЩ˰µѾ޿ɰˡ
ȻôһͷִĶʵ̫ˡ
˳ʳ֮⣬Ʒ̫ࡣ
ǣͷɾ
ӼӼ᲻Ǹоã˿һգÿ˱Ŵһ˳ɡѡ

ڶ࣬ԺһŶӣһ߸Ŷǰߣż̧ͷɨһۣͷףһƵġ
꣺

оŶӵʱ
ҹŵҵԼλãϴ⿼һã̧ͷͼڤڤעõһǸλá
Ψһֵοӵ治©꣬ˮر
Ҳʧ˻ʲôģ֮ȫһͳɡ
ϴεľ飬λٰõҩۺͰݵȵȸϣȥԶˮ߰һͨæԾҲ

ƽʱûʲô
Ȱɨ飬ٴ򵥵ģ½½ѸôĶ꣬һʱ͹ȥˡ
Ϊ׼ӲӬԶԶġ
ģҲûȻˡ
̵ˣôղ˷ʱ⡣
ΨһƵζͦ󣬺ͷ߸һĻζźŵҩζȵ˯һϡ
ͷ˰ҩģһ궼˯رãڶ죬ʱر
죬ÿ̵׷ڳԲȥˡ
ŶʦԼյòˣζð̹⡣
ʲô뵽ˣ벻Լ
ļ죬ҪôͰ跹Ҫô׷żټӵôŵ˵ھ졣
ʱС
˼ӣ˫һ棬һûֶ
񣺡ֵܣûԶˣ
ȦûУɼ˯û
Եֱ̫ͣӸҭסˡ
һˮһߺߺߵҲǣҪҴĶ̫ѳˡ
Ϊ˺ñ棬ⶼûֻ̲ˡˣӺˣȫԵ˭ܵѽ
񣺡
ԣ׼һ׼˸į

ͽȥʱ
˵õ㣬ȻҲղˣˮǿԵġ
ŵΡҲǴպϳԵġ
ͳʱڶʼˣţͣųȷ磬˵ĲĿ
͵𣿡
µݸֻһٵģ⼸ҳԵĶ£ڻ±⵹Ǹо
͵̧ͷԹҵڰ
и㹽Щ֮ǰһֱĥţɷȻȻ󡭡
ٳʱȫˣ
ʱŵⷹĽĲˡ
ֱԼˡ
û£´ξоˡ
ޣ˵ʲôָԼͣͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɡ
̶࣬ǻˣǳһȥϢˡ
⼸˯൱á
˶֮⣬ûʲôʡ
¶ǣʮ㣬ѰϳԵʲô
Ǽ첻ƵģƨɺһֱתȦȦ
ЦŽһ£Цʦְõͦãҹһ
Ӧٹһʱµ˰ɡ
͵˾ͺãʵʵҲóԡ
һ⻰ͷ絷⡣
ûӦСͻȻë;Ҫ˹ȥûסǿн찴˻££˵ġ
˵꣬͵ʦֱЦСߴء
ҲƳġ
ת˻⿼ˣʲôû
͵Ȼؼһˡ
վߡ
һ㶣ôżһŵҶӳˡ
û˵꣬ͼߵСѾͷͷ󺹵˹Ժʦһһ㶵ģӣӣҪˣҪˡ
кһ
øϽȥϽȥ
˵ţͻȻҲ·ˣֱķܡ
һѽ˸ק˻ʦߴˡ
ŶһԴûת͵ܣεˣѾɵˡ
ֻð˸˻ȥ

ʱϻúõġ
Ϊ⼸ˣûţ԰Сߴҡ
һһ˵ԸȷʵزҲ߲ͦ˳ӵĸ˹ȥżԪԪһᡣ
С߻ͦģ
ճʱͰ˹
ϻ˵ӣóˣҪ㻬ֲС
ϣӻûϣǽ˲
صе߶߶ϵĴʹŵˣץԼצӼÿˡ
ûµģûµģż
ˣҲԾؾסԼڡ
ޣңе㺦¡
ɩӵʱѲ
ʱС˵ɩҪˣļһŹȥ棬׼ӭСʱرģԺ˺ˡ
û뵽
ŵſſصĿ
ţһһ߷ϳ߶ܵſſϿ޵һһģָһ£ȶˣ
ʵûУأӡ
ϻ˿ôˣ
ޣȻһʶرסˣŤͷȥֻϺö˶˵վǶ
ٿĶӣԲԲġ
񣺡
Цô죬ء
ŸտʼʹôҲüʱʹʱϢᣬʹʱջᡣ
ŵ̥λͦõģŹİɡ
Ĩ˰ᣬģ
ϺЦȥӺû
뵽ˡ

ƨƨߵȥȥˣĲãѻЩȴһЩЦӿɲȻˮˣӻûá
㻺ˣ˿
͵꣬ǵûȥˣȥͬ˵һ
һȥ
ǣһѽ
ûס
ͷİɣһӡ
ԶԶԣǼҵĶ࣬һҪѽ
͸ߵǰţͼ׷˹ɥǿЩѽҸղȥƣ۵ͷ󺹡
͵Ҫɣȥȥͻء
һץס꣬ꡭ
겻ߣСҲˣס˼죬֪ĶгԵģҡƨɾȥˡ
񣬼ˣһ͹ȥյԺͼ۵ֱð亹һŵζҧùҪԣ
꣺
Ȼһ˲һš
ͻʱһӣʹöһһģȴ㲻ͣ궼ˡ
ӣŷԺ
ٴθлԼǸк

ϾʹҲ߲ˣŽ˲
ʱڳԷԺˣȥųԵģʱСѾͷܹ˵һϽˡ
Ҳˣץĸ첲ңȥ

Ķ˽˹ȥ
ʱʱϵĽкУͷžžصᡣ
궼֪ôοؼԼҲŵֽŲ̫ʹ
ͷʸûУȫƴ
ԪԪСȥ˯ˣͺԺȰȵģҪˮ˷ȥᡣ
Ҳ֪˶ã۾ˡ
ͻȻһӤĿ
һƨϣ۵Ŀ
ֱнϸ֮ơ
͸һֱͷЦ󸣣ĸŮƽ
Ĩ˰ᣬ˽ȥ
곤˿
Ĩ˰Ѻǲǵȥæϲ
Цɲǣ鷳ιȥҼ๫˵һ
˵ȥ׼ԵĶ

Ҳﲻʲôæһȥϲˡ
˾ŷѾ¶Ƥ֪һҹ͹ȥˡ
͵˵ҵʱҲǴϵڶϣ
ļ硣
͵û¶
һûмˡ
ԣԶ϶ﻳеʱǸ˵еĵˡ
Ͽŵֱޣϵĺȥֱ˳Ĵر
ˣҲġ
ɶӡԺӣôĲҪİɡ
ʲôãźҪʱĴζڡ
˸ϰ屨ϲ
ϰ忪ĵ̫ˣ̫ˣó׼մҶϲѽ

Ҳûʲôѣ´ָһʱ£Ѿˣһȥ´Ƕϲ˺켦
ȥҸ١˵һ
١ӵϢʰһ£ȥҰæˡ

˴ޣЦ˴죬ˡ
һЩʳѧԼƽʱúõͬҲϲһҪȥϲơ
һû˯˴졣
ȻȦͷرãֹ꣬ŮرÿرɰܸøһȫҸ˰ɣ
Цôǵһ磿
ۣȻһһֱڲҡ
ҴӼ͸㻭
ϺͺӶ÷磬ʲôѽ
ͷžС
˵ˣͱĥ˾죬һϣֶܵģֲ˼ǾͱȥˣȻȥϢϳԷʱҽǡ
ȷʵеۣټҪ뿪ʰ㶫ͻᡣ

һϲʱͻȻ꣬ҾԺúѧϰˣȡ󿼸ˡ
ҹŮƲ𡣡
˵ȥɣ˹ŮܱŹŮ
ҪǽܸһŮǹټСˣ粻ǣ˭Ҳ۸Ů
е⣬⵱˾ǲһѽ
˵ţͼ١ЩСôǱ߳ˡ
ȥʦ㣬ʲôżӻȥ
˵ž˹ȥ
١Ҫ磬ۿһӾͺˡ
֪ҲˣһˣȻ˼Ҷ˵ԶҪá
ʦ㣬մųʱߡ
١ҲûʲôҪӵģֻܸҵһжñˡ
ǶмӣҴǣϸ͹ȥ
꣺

ڶ뿪ʱ١Ǹдš
ʹеġ
һӣһ㣬⼸µĸѡ
վһԣЩڨڨؿڣʶ֣ȥһжá
һѾصͷԺô죿
١Цһ׬ѽ
ĵǮ˸ˣ˾ͽˣдµǮڸСլӣʡ·Ǯء
Цúܺÿȴرܡ
ٿһԱߵ壬궼Ȱĳ嶯
ָоʦҲǹġ
˽ӳ׻ˣΪʦŵݣǲ˸·ˣһˣ˶ʮȴһѧϰʱ䡣
嶼ûܲμǡ
꣬Ҿȥѧμѧԡ
̧ͷ˹ȥЦѾôˣٲúѧԺѧˡ
ʮеţʮûУʮһһûμӡ
´οԾ͵öʮˡ
мѽ
ǰһֱͦ١ѧʱԼãʦĽĶԻ
˵ʱЩ⣬ˣ㲻Ǹζ
ЩԱЩħˣ١ҵŮĹҲȥܸоӱԼǿ˻ƲԼ
ֱǰʱ䣬дȥӸƹܲãʱǡ棬ƹ˵ʲôλѵĸѾΪˡ
̸Ҳˡ
λ˵ľ١ʱŭˣػ١ΪʲôæҲ
١Ҳͷһδ
º˺ü춼û˵Ҳ١ԼǿķŭΪʲôԼ֪
ʱ˵ģҪʦĲѧζЦѡ
ΪʲôһֱӱԼǿ
ΪԼ־Ŵܴ
˼գʶһ㣬ʵֻҪúѧϰоˣнʿ볯Ϊ٣ԼһǿĻ˼Щл
꣺
ԣ١ǮôģҲ֪ˣ
ǾԺڼҿˣ
&gt;_&lt;
ȻҲܸоֵֹġ
ܺҲͷˣȥ١Ҳи˵ǡ




85.  189-191   ؼ

δϰ˳糵
ֵܻǵȰء
³һƴǹ
ϰ֪Ҫȥ, ԼҵĳŹȥˣ˵ƣ˰պó
ϰĻ·, ȥʱ, ˵Ǹġ
֪, ϰѾ˵, ҪĻ, еֱϰӹ, Ҳܿճ
һá
ϰĻ׬·ѡ
һ, ҹ, εҹڵ˼
³ǰͿ껳Ĵ죬ЦҪ֪ҴĶ, ϶ò˼顣
˼Ҷ񰡣, èʲô, 굹ǰѶˡ
ߣһС߳Ĳ, Цʦ˵, Сһòˡ
ͻ˵ʲôֻûټˡ
Լ˹ȥɽϴҰζ, ͹ȥ
굽ʱչʱ䣬ĺϲĺϺüСëͷһſڵĿյ, ˹ǲǼҵġ
, ûڣͼӳЦġϲģǵ𣿡
ۿһ죬һ˵
Դϴо˾Ȼλãˣסĵ䣬ʹ
ģ

һԿһһ㶵ġ
һ·ֻ֪
ϻƵģ֪ռ̡
ֻýһһ¡ظҽܡ
ģ
ԣˣҪˣһصС̲סҪޡ
ϲĵɴ۾ø𣿡
Сߣλ֡
ƣ
ǰѴ쵱ѵ˰ɡ
껹ǰѶ쵱ѵһʱ䣬Ȼ;ϲط֣һ㶼ͣһĺӶ¡
û˻һʱ䣬С߾Ͳᣬȥҧڡ
С߲֣ϲ¡
ʮְػصԱߡ
ЦˣҶǺˣԺ֪𣿡
ˣģأȥϰ˻
Ťͷܻȥͨ籨ˡ
ٴθпѽ
Ц˲˵ʲô֪
С߱ˣذͷؼܡ
ƸųſʱѾͷˣϺĸںͷֱ̽ͷĸһƿӵĥߴˣÿ
갡ƣ
ĸһ룬ͻȻϱżһѽ˸̳żһӱ㽫Χסˡ
һѾؿһ
һûưѳϵƷȥһСֹƼûҳôˣûô
ͬУ㶼㲻ˡ
ǰ»Ϊָף⣬˶һ˭Ҳ˭ͻȥˡ
±㲻֮

ֵһȥжһֹ
ĸſʶֱ򸸳˲ŻȻ꣬ôõĳûԶɣȥ
ѽһֱżӷ
һĻмҵĻƣ˶׼Եġ
ϺĸȥշԼĶŵ˷˳ϴ˸衣
մѣ꣬ûл˵
æ˸˽
ϸۣ˲١
ƺһЩ
ϰ곤ɿ°ͳˣǴʱ˼
Ů࣬ʵǸࡣ

򸸿еʵ⼸ǣסڸѧģƽʱûεģʦһ۹Σĵط
򵥵ذԼܽᡣ
΢΢ЦϷ֪Ǹúӡ
꣺
̽ң
򸸵ʲô㣿
ʦȥơ
ȥ͸ȥƣٵûиõѧϰᡣ
ԵĿԶЩϵģʵϵ˻ԡԣעµĿʵ԰ɡ
ǵĿƳ뿼ȫһġ
ö鶼ˣණҪҲԼˡ
һѧһʱ䣬߹ĵطˣȻܳڳ£֮
ԣβôŽ
һ·߿ʶʶ
򸸣
û㻹иţ

˼Ҫô㻯ͼĸŶ룬Цӯӯ꣬Ҷжˣ͵ˣθŪ˸Ρ
½ţǡ
Ū˸ëѪ
ͷ㣬ոԣ̫ˣȽһ¡
ϵķЦллѾܷʢˡ
ڸѧԲġ
̫Զƫƫʳȴ𼫴
ҲпΪ¶ȵͣǱ߳ԵĶעرһ档
׼ԶͼԼСëżЦСߣȻҸŪԵġ
ĸŷ֣һֻ졣

С߰ѶԼϿԡ
һ·ļƣѾֲ֡
Ϻĸ˶Ŷ쿴һᣬĸ꣬ģ
ͷ󰡣
һζ
˵ţº˫˴ػˣŵƣһƣͼˡ
˫һۣæվЦЦ󡭡û
Ǿүָȥ
µͷ·ϳ˵㡣
ĸﻹʲôҸ
¿һϵĲˣӷûУ
еģ
һԷ±˫ȥˡ
극ĸߵķҲȺˣæ˽ȥ
»˫ͷһֻ죬˫һģ
ЦѽСߣŮ졣
ʹˣһ㼸¾Ϳµˣ쵽ֵʱѾܴˣԼ˺ü£ĿǰΪֹһû¹
˵Լǰѧũġ
Ѳ̷ŵϣЦ󡭡㣬˵ôµѽҶܳʱˡ
£
ֻ졣
꣺
ԣĶ쵰ԶԲˣ
µúãβܸܲңҿٹ¾ܡˣʱ򡭡
꣺
ⲻֶ졣

ܾСߵֶ졣
Сȥɢˣµһһ£˵
Ӧһ
ĺϲļǶ˹
ĵøߵÿɺˣҪҪһ棿
ЦѽҲѧУ򡣡
һ죬ЦˣհɣɢᲽУ˳㿼ǵѧʡ
һһ
Ϊĸ飬ϱͬĺӳ첻١
߰ͣһ˼ѧϰ
ĻҲҪ
ɽΪʲ̫ãһطˮͷرΣա
ԣСëͷÿŬѧϰ֮⣬Ŭ壬⼸²һء
⣬Ҳܴ˳˳
ĻҪá
ԭɰࡣ
Ѿˡ
𾪣ô
Ŀĵ˵ˣܱĳߣٹ꣬Ҳ³ȥˡ
ָһ㣬̲סʱҲʮһꡣ
ʮһŲûУǶֺãֱõģСʦ̵ǶĿȾġ
úѧһԵģ϶ƽأСŹ
ͷҲøġ
ϲģͷ֣ӿСѧ־
Ƽҵĺɽҵӡ
ĵλʦֶһ˱࣬ʦѧرʵʦҲдرƯ
Ƚ˵ͲһЩúŬġ
Ҳ˲أôʱ򣬻ûʼѧǧġأ
ͦͦصҲ὾ġ
ЦԴ
С߰ͦأ⣬Ҳ໽С
ϧʵڲ˵ЦСҲ֧ܰ裡
Сųԭת˼Ȧų˸ԾʽĶĲӲԼ˦ɳȥ
ëͷƣ
ǣһ죬ܿͳ˺ѡ

ͺӣº˫Ҳˡ
˫ȥʰԺ³һ
Сֻ˹ȥ
ǶĶԽԽϲ̣ëҪܰǼֱ̫ˡ
ԺĸҲرÿġ
ʱϸһѵָи˵ȥء
Դ˶֮е
ҲֻµֹԵ۸øߡ
ţҪСǾ͸ˣ
˼ƮúԶһʱûץãС˼š
±ĳɨһһһСһ롣
ʲô£
ȥϴſڡ
ŽĿСջأǰʱ˵ǾǱѣľ̳֮ӡ
ǱǼȷʵ͹ƣֻΪɵԭû¡
ǱߺΪæµ£ǺͽˣҶҲҪƣͨľơ
ԣ¾е£Ѿ͸˭

µݸһš
ǲ𿪵ģֻһֽֽϻһˮ衣
Цԭѽ𣿡
µͷűǿͣȻøˣҶԷǾģһģ֪ǲġ
Ȼ֪ݣ˵ˣо֮ģרƣɼҵݱһ㡣
ϴȥ¡»ڻʱ
ĥôҪȻҡ
겻˼Ҳֻ¶ˮԵ
һڣ;ˣˣˣƼˮ꣬·
£
ĪǸ

һء
µλ֮ʲô㣿
Ѹ˵˵һ顣
µҪûأ
ûУҲȥ鲻·
ָǱ߻ҵʦָһٻˡ
˵ʲôʦָ㣬ʵһ׶ûУҲţȻҪȥμӴǣȥƣʶʶ
ﻹðչˡ
°ڰ֣ʲôǳģںͷȻϺȡ
⻰ôе֣
ʲôг
ѧϰô

˵·ϲüݳʱϢʵϱߵҲ˯ãټϿԻûϢƤ˰ʱСһط˯ˡ
ڶգʱѾ͡
ϼˣæ緹ںãԱ߿Զ
ЦҷʱƯˣ
Ҳ˲١
Ȼˣ״̬ͺˡ
ЦڼҶҺܺá
ĸû죬һҪôȥϼǰؼҴҳӣʵں̫ࡣ
Ȼ˶뵱ͷӡ
Ǯ𣿡
ϵͷеģǰʱƷֺʱһ˼أȥֺʱҲ˼ӣÿСҲء
ģҲͷˡ
緹꣬ȥ١ȥˡ

١յŮţۿһӾͺˡ
١ʦĸһʱûסžž
˵˱ϲǣ껹ǰ١дµ¸˵һ£Цʦرֻģд£ǶĽˡ
١ѽСϲ飬ѧãҲõġ
׬㻨ǮҲ׽ġ
һҪȥǣʲôֻдҸϡ
١ȥ𣿡
ʦǲ
١һŮ·ϸоȫ
١Ц˵Ҳǣȷʵ̫ȫ
١ҪҪһתһȦŮб⻰ȥ
١ȥұϲȥӡ
ȥѧתһȦ˿ǣҲϲ˼顣

ϲ˵˽궼³μˣðϲ£졣
Ҳ̫ˣ
겻˼Ҳ³ԣǵʲôѶȣϾ;˵ۼΪʵ
˵ʵڵģ˷ûôԺ֮⣬оҲ
Ҫȡ
һû£ڽǾˬ˲١
Ȼλòãͦ
кЩʦֶˣ̧ȥ˲١
ϲ꣬
ֲ˼ģ˼ѧ˺öˣû³һȥȥˣֱţ»ô
ѧô
ѧãҽҲ׼ˣӶʮ·ݣϧʱѾˡ
Ҳͦϧϴûϲֲڡ
ѧϲʦһ˸ּææȥ޼һˣƹ˵Ҫȥᶼˡ
ҡǮ˰
֮ǰ˻ȥ

ĵ죬һȥ
οǰڼңûü㣬ڲҲ֪ɲɡ
˶ʮǮ̳ӾƸͷ
ͷЦպЩˣһЩ
ԭΪøֱӸװϡ
Լժ
ͷѹȫժ
ôһæ͵磬ͷ˲٣ӡӣһЩӺƻװӡ
Ҳʱ˸¿

صңֺ͸ˡ
ΪλûʲôˣǴȵ磬ֱûӵĹӻֵȥɽժˣ
ӻãͷͦҰҲѽ
ûУŴүҵġ
Ҳ£ӶӣϿԼսЦհҰѸ¡
߱ǿǲϾͲˡ
Ϲע㵹ϣûţ
ʲôĶΣѽ
תȦʾԼû¶
Żȥϴ˸裬Сһ𿪷
ϽĲǰֲһȻ˲࣬ÿϲԵġ
оҪڼգǾҪֻȥˡ
žͼ˽øʦң˵ʱ𣿡
껹˽ﻹλϵҵġ
ԴʼƷæΪʵ㱻ھƷǱ߰æʹɨ
ѧÿնæ
϶ĸ˵ӡرã˳ֿǸТ˳ӡ
Ȼʲô£
ӦûʲôĽ顣
ʦ˵Щ
꣺
ͦѽ
ϵҪʱ䣬͸˵˵ѧϰͦ̿ġ
һѾߣֻµȲѧ
͵£ϰ廹ĻƣΪĸˣһֱϰٺˣо˼ˡ
ǣұ뿪
ǱѾװóˡ
ĵҪ𣿡
ͨ죬ۿҪˣԴʲôӺɷģֲǲˣúö飬ҲȥǶ飬㽫лȥȥԶĵطҪֱĶԲԣޣԸӡ
ģ




86.  192-194   ү+Ԫ

ϱеѹ
ôһ, ǰסˡ
С񳤴Ҫ볲ġ
οǸˣֻ뿪˼, иõǰ;ǡ
Ұοһ, ƽˡ
ЦҾȳȥ, ͷ, Ƕӹȥ
, еѹ, ͷ֧Ʊ, λεƭСô
ϴʦ˵, ǵһլӶüضκõҲǧˣ˵ˣָǵһլ, ˾һСԺ
ĵ̾˿Թʰ, һݶȥˡ
Сһر, һ϶û̧ͷ, ӲǱ˺üҳ, ֱ˺üΣŲ鲻Ըذ
, ȥ˯ɣǵҡ
Ҳһ˯𣿡
ҡͷĥ
ġ


˵˵˸ˡ
ڶҪ, ѸôĶˡ
λҲûסѾʹ·滻ġ
ĸ֪Ҫߣ´ӾƷק˻, ʰ
꿴ǲ鲻ԸģЦǶţԼʰʰͺá
ָѣλ˲٣֪ѲܴˣԸ
ѣ¡
øˣǰѶµģڸѧͳһУ
ñӶˣЬҲͳһʽѧУãҲûʲôʱȵġ
ұȵģһ㶼˭īã˭̨á
˭εĳɼˣ˭һֱסԼλã֮ȴϸ֦ĩڡ
»治붯
ֱԱߣĸʾüأֻû
̫ˣҲˡ
ÿ׼ʱǰܸоŮӶ飬⻰žžذۡ
궫࣬ͳҲʰһС
ɻʱѣ·ʱ俴顣
ĸʾŮʾʲôֲ붯Ҳ붯
ֻøһѡ
ЦİɣͷͦõģʦǶչҡ
߸Сߣһ˶ҿ
ĸһᣬһˣֻ˴۵Сۡ
꿴ͷԵģѾ³˴ţҪҰ㵹ˮ
µͷ
ȥ˱ˮ˳װ˸ˮһ˹
º˱ˮúһŵҪȥ˵¶Сĵ㡣
ǰɣ
һ֯ʶͷ
͸ʹӡ
Ȼһģİɡ
£
ʲô
ϸһ룬ÿθ˵ͦϲþġ

΢΢ۣµؿһᣬôһرĲڣһһǶ
ºЦǲѾ³ҵˣ
꣺
㻹ʲôݣ
ء
³ǣ˵ǲҲ¹ϱӵԱЩ
겻˼ͷµôһ㣬Ҳ֪Բԡ
µ˵
꿴˿ͷûǽǣСҲ°ɣʹʮꡭǸǮеݴүǰڵλʱָָӹˣпũҵֵ֡
ָڴԽ֮ǰѧϿء
дʫֱһѾ
±ԼĿˮݺݵǺһ¡
ôѧ
ϴү
ôȥ԰أ
ũҵֵģ
Ψһ¶ҲǸԱȷ
˵ʵȥѧũҲΪϾƷ̫үүһӶ˼ҵϧǸԲϣжʳԭơ
һ˾Ϳٳôһÿʱһ
ܶѣ洫ղܶ
үүǶⳡûֱĸǻĸǸŮûκȤҲеҵ
Ůһȥͷ
ֱϧʱͳľƷѾˣһвеʱ
ѧũҲΪ˸õոũϰԣԱԺõķչҵϧ
뵽ˣЩܡ
ҲûͷƼڵĻԻ͡
˼ˣ˿µò˾Ųʮɣ
Щ󣬱ĵǻҵ㹴
Ȼ𾴣ٺȵˮ˾ͻȥϢɡ
үҲǹùģһû
бһۣ꣬ǰǲû˵ʵ
꣺
ңCϽڣ̳޽ĽĽڣҼǵͣҲʮ˰ɣһʮģôţһʮĻһʮþ𣿡
ʱһӱŸסˡ
ԽԽԾ˿һ룬ûеЦȻСëͷƭˡ
겻˼ʵҲûƭ㣬ʦ
£
ԣ⻭ĸѧģ

ڶ𴲣ճԹ緹ȥƷתһȦ
ͼˡ
ЩӲ귢֣ǰʵࡣ
治죬ǰҲɿΪ˼οڣʦ֣ʦ˵Ҫߣԣ˼ٹɣʰɡ
걻ʦֶָסˡ
ЦᣬѾʰˡ
ý鷿ԵĿһȿһ顣
Ŀ䵽ǽϵĻϣЦ˵ʦֻرãһȻ졣
꣺
л˵ɡ
Ϥֻʣˡ
ҲͦΣ䣬Ų⣬ʦ֣ǰҸǸ
ǰʲôѽҶˡ
ˣ㲻ҪҴùһ᲻ᡣ
ϾͲ󣬶Ҳ̫ࡣ
ѱӸ˳Ȧǡһڣ
꣺
ԣչԺϵģ
ǰĻ˺͵û

ظ¡
Ȼʵʦֻʲôĵط𣿡
εЦЦûˣлʦֽհæ֮лҪҴɡ
ʱ仹磬ʦӦȥϿΰɡ
Ҳû١
ٴл뿪ˡ
Ŀ˽ӣһתƼվӰǰ
ʵѶ·ǡ
ôֱӡ
ûϵϸĸ˵ûֵˡ
ЦˣҲûǰĶԹԹŲǣֻǰȷʵû˵仰ôˣһһʦ֣ҹεġ
㻹ͦ顣
ȥƷҲȥƣԴûȥء
£

ʱ򣬸١Ҵš
ʱ١ҲŮдţһЩĶ
١̫̫ŮǱͷԣ˼ƥӣ֮ǵĶװ˴복
١е˼ˣ꣬⳵Ѷ٣ǡ
æû¶ǿյģμûپơ
١Щ˼һ򵥵СǼҡ
˵ţͼĸָ˼װ͵˲١
١ޣ뿪
ӲסûޣֱתûӰˣźۿصĿ
Ҳֳ˼Ĳᡣ
Ǯ˳СߴЩʳ˵ԼӪ͡
ĸΪŮˡ
ıģǸʵӣ϶Բµġ
³ǣ᲻Сߡ
õһֻѽ
׳һǸûġ
ҲߣϧСߵԺЩ죬ûһֻϵģмֻĸСߡ
ˣָĶ죬Լúһֻ

ǻʱ˵˻Ϳģιȥľƣ·ƽѾ̳Ӹˡ
ǣ·ϾͱȻʱ졣
ǣͼ½½˳ǡ
˻ϲǡ
һ·̲סʦ֣е¡
⼸մ϶û¡
ڴԷʱԵĿ˵ǵ£Ƕһ仰ġ
ǽӡ
˵ʵ⼸նû˯á
һӵȷ̫ˣΪëҲֻܺš
ȷʵξǣϾҵȥ
⼸գһΣμԼɽǸоÿҹѡ
Ϳ˵ҲֹμԼûУμûС
꣺
ɣҲμԼûС
ѵܲ㱧ͷʹޡ
ϳС½Цλӱѹǲǳ˵Ƿ𣿡
ʶͬ۵㣬ȴ֪һ˵Ԥ֪
ڷ飬ܸӦ
˵ףȷʵһ˵һľøˡ

˳ǣС½ų͵˸ѧſڡ
һʦܣˣ
ŤͷͼͬԺʦֺʦЦų˹
ʦֹЦʦܣϲѽǸǸѧˣ
һɤۣص࣬ѹסܿƵ⣬Īҹˣ
ʦֺЦֹǹˣأ
˵ű˸Ĵָ
ЦԪ
ʦֵͷ˵ͣҲֳϲһ䣬ʦҲòأ
ͣ
ԣǷѽ
˵꣬С½ԭתȦС½ŵˡ
С߼ͶܿģǵѧϲģҲĵų¸µؽ
ͱʦֵΧſ˺ôһĺϲ
λû׼ϲǡ
ʱ򣬰ͷӺͺҸˣóҷˡ
̵ִһҷˡ

ԺܹʱԺöϲʦ֡
񼷹Ⱥһӱ˵ϣ꣬ˡ
ְɨһָ˲ٵĶƤΪŶûȻֳˣ
εҲû취¡
ϳԲˡ
ЩӵĻʳԱǰ̫ࡣ
ڱŻĸŪԵġ
տ£ȥʦͶȥ
ʦְˡ
ᵽǸˣΪ١ŮϴգˣֲչˣϺо飬ǱǱߵլӣᵽˡ
˵Ҳ¡
ãνѧûԣ˵ʦ֣ѧֱӾ͸˺š
һԺء
˵ԱҺҳԵʦ֣Цҵʱѧʱ򣬻أҪǵʱʦʦܾͺˡ
˵꣬ҶЦ
ǡʱͼһǰ;һʦ˹
ȸϲԾȥˡ
ЦϲѽӦúү˰ɣ
һ룬ôһ¡
Ҳ˳ϲ֪˵ԼҪ¡
ЦЦǸҵСĺø
С
ĵȡģҹŮ޵ʱֱִƵġ
ˣ


Ժһһ
嶼æͺŴƽشȥȥˡ
Цúϲ£죺Ϸ֪Ϸ򲻻ῴۡ
֪˻ȥԵ񣬱ûˣֻϸǽӷϴ
һߣ̫̫ǰ£Žŵ˵ôõĺӣôôӢˣ
ҳҲ̫ˡ
ĺӣŴպ
ЦҪǲףҲֲǡ
ѧﻹδСأ
̨ҲйŮߵýĳ´˸˵ˡ
ԣڼҸϱ߶
̫̫أһ˵˵ѽҾôһŮˡ
СиָΪģ˾ˣֱӻȥȥˣȴûС
ЩΪѡ
ĥҪôڣ̫̫£֪ҽ򡣡
ûӻĬˡ
ֵΪʲô˵ѽ
ЩӵУҲһǵ
̫̫㶼ݺ䲻ϣ;͸˵ˡ
ãصĸѧȫˡ
¼ʮˣͷ͵壬ʮ
Ƿ˺üա
Դ˰̫̫һ꼸˵׵öʤ
̫̫˵ûŮҲǿĵȥæȥˡ

͸񣬻ȥѧͳ´Ƕһˡ
ͷתһȦصѧѾˡ
Ҫٷǰͷ˻ñѧȥȾơ
ڿ˽İ񵥡
˶ʮ
ʦʮࡣ
˸
ǼԺʮѧ˶ʮ϶ǰġ
͵ֲã˼Ҷ˵üһ࣬ǲ
Ҳͽǿرá
ȷʵЩϰľ˵Уһ붼ڸѧ顣
˵ѧʵеġ
극һȥ䡣
ǽʲô㣿
˵꣬ͻȻЦȱ˵Ϸ˵
ǽҲλʹݻؼˣԾͿճλãټѧҪλɼ丮ѧƸһЩû
ֵʮ·ݴŻѾڸѧѧϰ߽ˡ
Цȷʵͦˣǵȥһˡ
΢΢šüӼǿǧȥ
ģǲȥӼࡣ
˵Ǵѧһʱ䣬˳ȥʶʶÿ˵治ЦǻˣɵѧϷô˵Ҳ㰲Ÿλá
˵껹һߣݾˡ
Ǹѧѧ֮⣬˵һ˴ˡ
Ϸλְͬ˵ְλߣеǵ˾ȥ
˵ţȥдƼš
꣺
ӹȻҲż
ĺѡ

һӭæ˴죬ϻȥϴͷòͷ˯ڶձСߵѡ
˯κţիСЦӭȥүϲϲƹ˵ˣСĹһǻ¶ʮʼģҲŰ£Ǿȥ˶ٶ౾
ڵڶº͵£Ѿʼưӡˢԡ
ˡ
Ǳϲд߸š
ƹû˵ҹȥ𣿡
СЦƹæСĹ˵һûʲô£ǹӴӷϴ
ҽе¡
ȣƵֱǽȥҳԸ
ԣС˵һȥ
СͲ߳ŹǷ˵ӣ֪ǻ㻭𣿡




87.  195-197   ȫҸ+Ѱ÷+֡

ƹ˵, ãΪϰ֪ܲ
ƹ˵СҲһ˵
ֻ֪ˣ
Сι, 
ϴ, Ȳİ˹, Ȼ, һ, ̲סһ, üһ, ȻдҶƼ
ҶݸĿŵдXX¹ɽʫ, Ƚߡ
꣺
⻹治ƹԼ˵ˡ
һ۾Ƴ׶
ʹսһЦֱ̫ˣϻôд
˵Ժī, ǲǾͻϣī
ָһ, īҶ֮
ᷭ, оеҪľЩ
ֽŷҲͦ뾿, իҪһ㡣
귭һ, 
ͼ粽˽, ʦ֣ʰûǿԳ˰ɡ
е, Ѿʱ𣿡
û㲻˵λǻȫҸ𣿡
һҭһΪٷء
ˡ
һ§סĲ, ٺЦ϶ǹܱġ
ͷͲ٣Žż⻹ðѹ꽫ĸ첲ʰ͸ˡ
һѾͲܸԼɷ𣿡
ˣô飬һƼ˵
ʦҽģ̫࣬Ҿûüڳ
ȥң˳ˡ
Լıʼǡ
ôҲҿԪıʼǣóӡ
Цȥʦֽȥ
ǻˣ˵ıʼݻ޲𡣡
һġ
ͱңˣۣεʵʦһ࣬ǿԷѧһһ
ĬһұҲģʦֱϾѧʱҳҲǿһͦѹġ
ؼ̹һʱ䡣
еŤοѧϰʱϲƱơ
̫һ
һҲˣûܽʼҲʲô⡣
ֻһ©ĵط
ԣһᣬͰء
ЦʦԽԽ֪ѧϰˡ
ȻҲ˵ףк֪ˡ
˵ӣֶ
üɫͱ£λȥûŬ
꺰СһţԣÿնŬѽ
Ǻ˵Ǻӷ档
Ҳ˰ɣңʦ֡˵ҲЩҲǿ˲١
Ůĵ
̼ͷֱַͷ֮һ仰ŬУ
һҭ
ʲôʱҲôˣ

ң귢١һŪӡ
СѾڲء
ԪԪС˹һһȥˡ
˴кҪ鷿ɣʦҲ鷿ء
ЦһΪʦֽջûء
㲻֪ʦȥʦֶøš
飬뵱ʱ֪ϻʱζЦѡ
¸̨׻÷أиʲôʧ
ֱ˵̥ˣһĲŷˣÿһȥɢʱһС̺ء
ڸоࡣ
ǣܽᣬ޸òþͿûкӡ
꣺>_<
㲻ôң
ֻδ޶һиٵĵ
˻һˡ

һ鷿ͼűСıš
ֱ鶼ˣ̧ͷǴк
Цһ²˳ò࣬ǰĶҲϰò࣬Ҵʱ䣬ǰٱ顣
ӺãҺʦ־
ΪδϹԣ¸ϰʱǾʡٵʱ䡣
ѧøʵЩ
Ψһȱ㣬ÿʱǺܽš
ʲôӣҶ
ߺͲ㣬Ͳ~㣡
Ц֪Сǳúأ
˵ţСѾͷ˲ˮӽˡ
ǩ˿龧Ө͸ɽ髸⣬Ȼһȥˡ
ʦǼǲˣ
ɨһۣôˣǸʦõġ
ϻеʱ򣬾ϲʱ򼾽ڲ̫ԣдҲֵģǲȱ
١ҲһڣÿձóһЩ
ѵذɽ髸ȥ˸ﻺ˻御
Ҹ͹ȥ
ֱ岽ԺţͲŵʦд𣿡
дãʦòʦţԼдˣæơ
꣺
ƺеƴ

˵ţһƪ¸˿
ϸ³һڡ
һƪǧֵСƪһλѰ÷͵дġ
ʦֵı
ţô
꿴ٶȿ죬ֵݸͣԿôʷı˲٣ò̫ǿ
Ҳ̫ÿ˽永Ŀ
ǸϽ´һ
ʺĿġ
԰ɣҲá
Ŀǰļ۸һ
һдƪټŵȻԣҲ̫ˡ
١ѵĵķȫˣǰǰǷծȫˡ
иʱд£ǰ˳ࡣ
˵ţ¶һ̵ĻˣЦѾˣǹȥء
껹еˡ
ߣ˺øһȫҸ
֪ѹҡ
ٺЦ֪һֱ죬ԣȥһֻ죬첻ó׼ˣѾˡ
꾪±Сҧòذɣ
˵еӰڳԷһ㶼
һ䣬Ҳһţ˵ѽ͵иӡ
ȻҲôɰܿھƵġ
ɰãټҼСߣҸˡ
ű죬ڳԷʱСԺɹ̫رأ˶ͷ갡㿴ͷô
˼˵ʲôţѼӲҲ࡭
Ǻ
һСߣԶ
Сų˹ʶԱŲŲ
İɣСأŹ
ͦͦأ˭ѽҾǾðɡ
أء
û˵꣬ŮĿݱȥˡ

꺢ӳ˹ϰһԹˡ
Ĳ˵ǰû
˳Եֱá
һģû˼ֻȡ
һϣ᣺ݵıҲˡ

극С˯ˡ
ϱźӣվæһš
ϲܾҲûֽ
̼ٶȹ˴ţɩӣߺˣԻȥϢˡ
ͺˣ
ûأվñ𶯣鱣ղһ¡
ϱҪߣ˵Ҫֶָ˻
ɩͺӵĺˣڻʦֵġ
Ц𣿡
ԡ
ϱźӹˣͼ껭˻ò̫һȴ졣
ŮཱུСһ
Ǽǿ붼
ԱߵҲѾˣȴƣΪŷڻ껹ż̧ͷۡ
Ӳʱ
ֱ˱ʣ˿Ҫ𣿡
ͷˡ
һվʱһȽŶе㲻ʹ
һһƣ̲ס̫ˣ
ֱһëһ
갡Ͳܸһݵ𣿡
ⲻʵ𣿡
˫°ͣһи֮ˡ

ȫҸծһᡣ
Ҳһٷ
ʱ仹磬鷿˻ṦΡ
꣬ʲôʱߣ
һ£ٶתٹʮ£ָ˪
ʮ»ῪʼѩԽԽ䣬ʱϾˡ
Ӧþ°ɡ
ѧʱ½½˽ڸѧѧϰѾˡ
ŲߣЩ˼ˡ
ʵ룬ΧһĴǣܸϣ³ԡ
һˮҲûʲô
΢΢һ㶡
̲ס²۵Ҳ̫ż˰ɡ
һеţһԵؾ˾ˡ
ûʱҪμӴˡ
ЦżģҾȥ
²³һء
˵ǰҲûμǣǱƸȵѽ
ھ룬ԽԽá
ֻҪȲԺͲ˭۸۸ˡ

μӴǵĿ˵һǽһġ
ں۸۸ֻ뾡ԼҲȥ
λȥ֮ǰЩһֱĵ׵¸˳
һĻ
͵ʱøơ
ֻ˵⻭ɵģֽĶģĻõʲôľϣƫƫıĿ
һ㣬ŵǿ塣
ͨѵĿʽ·жϳˣǱжϵĻҪһЩ
ԣ͵ݣֻеס
ʱŪɸϵɡ

˻صѧիС˹
꣬ѾѾϯ׼ˣһҪǵùȥ
ȻҲرķΧ֮ڡ
֪ˣҺʦһȥ
Сʱǳɲɣ
ֵ˵ſϯôôż
С˼мæơ
Ŷһ
룬û˵иͻ򻭡
Ȼùȥ
СһᣬҲû˵вС
ǣСһ䣬⻭ǹһλѴģ˵ǻؽԵģ˺üƣ˵ǻǼٵģԣ˵ǹЩ飬ˡ
껹˵ʲô
ôնֲ࣬Ҳͷһˡ
ҲСΪѣЦǾʱ̹ɣǳԷʱҲܿѧѧһʱĿΣȥ
СõģСһתǹӡ
ʱֵӣλѵ£Ѿᵽĵˣرܻӭǹǵϲ
ˣǻ˼ʮǾٱˣҷرĺãڽļǣҲõϢͳҲ˼ʮˡ
ڽòǣΪûǴ󡭡
С˸ˡ
⻭һģʵϻȲһλѧдʫʺϼء
Ϊ⻭ƷԵĶһ
ԣʵ൱
ʱ˵ȥһ5%棬Ҳ30ģһٱӣǼҵĻĸǺҪĸ̿
Ϊạ̊́ҳ飬־úõĻ׸ĸǣҲ˵ֻҪĻᡣ
ͷҲ˵һ£ֵ˲꣬Ҳֻ׬ʮӡ
СæˣʮҲֻĿǰ֪ģ񾩶ǡЩΪ·;ЩԶϢܼʱ͵Ƕûмڡ
ҾĿǰطû̿أһж
ףֻŵҲô㡣
С
ȻԶԡ

СߺѾˮˣϴϴһٺúѧϰ
ЦҸоȥͶ̥Ƶģ
˼ҿţõꡣ
ǵãؾͽ˳Ҳóţ»ѻסˣˡ
ȥһ
͵ʱӢۣǾ͵Ӣ¡
ЦҪǳ˹ô죿
Ҳܡ

պ͹ƪ£ͼ׶һλʦֹǣ˵£ȥСԺһˡ
µǳ磬ر
ͷûɣûԺžʹ磬ֻû˼¡
˵ڼʱ鷿д֣鷿ﻹһʮ߰꿴Ժѧ
˹ʲôҲû˵ϵһơ

Ҷǰʱ˵޹ס
ڳ¡
굱ʱ˲ٵķͷһξ͹ȥ˾Ÿ¡
ҲûôﴫµϢȥ´Ƕ´Ҳֻδᡣ
žλͬġ
˵Ǿб䡣
ҪǼ٣ʵ빥档
£Ϊ붫֣ñʶΣ˻˱ҲΪ²֮
ڣַ߽˵Сĥ
ң걱µ꣬¶һٽ
ѱ˺ڶˡˣ壬ոûд͢Ҳû֡
ǣٴȥҲˡ
ϻʵϸȥˡ
µ۵ǻҪԻ͵ľȼ
֣Ҳ̫ãθպýŶ߾ĥ
ڵľƫ޲߰ǱƵûκΰ취ˣƴȫ
˵֣Ѿȥӭˡ
ɾĻлУ˶ԼҵĶͳ˾
λ˱Լĺ͵
պܸúö顣
˵ŻûĳȥˣӺˡ
ԣ˼ȲҪϾ
ͷ
꿴ͣʦ־أ
˵һȫԷһȷʵȽ׵㡣
͵ǾȵȵȿɣҾսӦò̫á
ڣûвޣҲȫԸ
ҪԿһϷĽ顣
ЦĿİɡ
Цô˵ͬˣ
껹˵ʲô
˽ܣЦǱСͲҲǽǣҲǰʮԺҪ׽С
Сι˲ٵ飬ھԵĺ
˫һ̫ˣ֪ʲôأ
С
̫ˣ




88.  198-200   У++ܾ

ͱҪȥ, պСϤϤ鷿Сһˡ
СԼĶһǵĿ⡣
ͬʱһǸʡǰĴ, ʵû뵽, ͷٶô, Իûһ, Ѿȫռɲˡ
Ȼľţơ
Ǵûеһʱ俴
ϼҸˡ
СҼʡ, ǲԶ
ȥϿ·ʶġ
塢ʡھ, ȴͬһˮƽ, ʡֻʡ֮һ, ٣˫ĵϵǲ롣
ʡпһضˮԴھǿ˺üΡ
, ʡӼңοʡ, ¼ȡȴ಻˶١
Сǰʮ, ͵κҪһЩ
С൱ߡ
ţ
Сο걾ؾ, , þˣ˴ܱѡ
Ϊʲôؼȥ
ΪҲûʲô, ھְһСȫȥˡ
С˵Ӽ, ھ̫̫֮⣬µ˼, Լǲ̫ᡣ
ͿʡĿ⣬Сӵ
˫һϣȫûпɱԡ
С£ȻǼⶼ߳˲١
겻òпľǲһ
ƽصĶˣϴ·ѧ޲ĹNѽ
ǶһվЩ
ȽʡԵļѡ
СطҲСطĺãԶСģڿƾٷľպŹǡ
ʡоԼ˽ء

СҿλʦֵĴˣʦֶֶӣЩҶδ˵
дףһ۱ܼס
ôʷ棬ʵ
ڣ鷽棬ǽǶȵ꣬۵˶Ŀһ¡
ղŻĥţҪȥʡܷ˳ţͱԷСݺݿˣһʱЩ˼ɵЦʦֿˣҾá
Ū˸ƶĻڡ
СȻһ棬ʵѧҲһѽ
͵Ҳһͨ
֮λ»رˡ
ƽʱһƴڻģﱻô
ѹ˺üʣСһ١
һֱЦˣˣˣ˵°ɡ
ôȥ춼ˡ
СЦλʦ֣ʱ䲻ÿմһɡ
ǰһЩС⣬˹һУҪǺ¡
д˳˻ഫ֮⣬æ
ҸоʱЩ
Ȳ˵󲻴󡢺òô𣬹ؼʹӦҪڸѧġ
ʱдʱ϶һ롣
СһŵҰ¶ˣǾһݰɡ
ھڶ
ãСҲڸѧ̽ѧ˳
С

뿪֮ǰСԾ
⽻ϳʱ緹Ժ
˱ŵԺ顣
ңˣŲͷ˻ȥ
ڴϣ룬ֿڸѧԲˡ

ڶ죬컹ͱС߸ѡ
Ժ͵꣬öˣ
Դԣ״̬еԾˡ
ʱŲȥȥˣ;Ͱǰʱ˳ڿ۵ĵط
ϴãܸоﲻԾ
ҹȽϳûǶô£
ʦ֣ȷѾîʱˣ
С߰꺰ѣѾԼС˯ȥˡ
춼ûء
ʹ˸ǷųͷɫٿͬԺʦһﶼûƣ𴲵춯ûУ˼ɣţܡǡ
꣺
ԣǻȥ˯Ƕ飿
˵һۣ͹ϻȥ˯ˡ
ʹһϵ飬ϻȥ˯˸
ʱͷѾ½½нŲ
ϴ˰϶رֱѧУ緹ŰСߺһȥʳá
ŷϰԵֵܣȴ˳˻ֺʦ
̧˹ȥһʦܡ
ʦʦ֣˵ʦҪԺˡ
˵ÿοԽ֮½ľ˻б½ѧ飬ĽԪͷһΡ
˵˴ϾģôͻȻ͸ıˣ
Ϣô죿
ˣԺǲǵúˣ
Ťͷͣһ䣺Ϻã
Ϳ˦ͷǺʦְɣоһӾ˲١
ûϱأ
Ҳͦе̧ͷͦصʵ·ݲŹʮա
ˣ
˼λʦһ᲻Ҫʦ֣Ҫһϲ

궼ڸѧҵˣû䵽ѧĿΡ
û뵽Լͷһ죬ѧѧ´ˡ
˵ÿʱһ
Ħȭƣ׼һ
͸ŴһԺߣŶͬѧѧĸ֡ԡ̲סпȻ˲һ
ʲô¶ûϡ
ԺСѾˣСԱ߻иͷСкװ׾ģҲʮһꡣ
߽һŷǸкѽǸС
žСλ˫ˡ
귢֣ͷСﶼòࡣ
ƤףӲߣľģȻ³⡣
һѧˣǶǰҼ档
꾪Ҷʶңý𣿡
͸ŵͷҾʦȥµǿԣٽʡĿ㡭
Ц㵹ǰŵװס
΢΢Ц
ûګЦʶʶǣƽʱһԷϿΣ϶˽⣬ǰѧݲһˣǸѧʦˣȻҪúýһ£ͬѧǽԼѧϰ飬ǼͶС͹ǣйֵ֮ôѧϰ
һ¡
˵֣һǲݷӣֻðѻȥ
Сҵ˵ˣԳɰӢۣѧʡ
С˵ʱЩ
֮һ仰˵ʲôǶԵģ˵ˣЩⷽ治Уһ϶й֮ҪСκһˡ
ֱͷ
žǴ˵еɵɵ
;ɵ˵ţ͸оһֺֻݺݵһ¡
ʹ죬Ц꣬˺óԵġ
ըӡ
вӡӣϲԵӺͺӡ
ϴ԰ԲըųԣҲ׼һ̡
˵꣬ע⵽ҲվǶЦкӲǰ˴գСվǶͦ˴к
꣬ûϽȥɣһҲλá
Ƚȥˡ
СҲ˽ȥ
ʦǸ꼸ռλãֶˣû£ҺͰ꼷С
ȻûϣС߾ųռʣµһض
񣺡

ֽ׼ãѧϰš
ѧͨѧУĿѧһ
һӰˡ
Ȼ𣬴˵еĿѧһΡ
&gt;_&lt;
ѧֻ̨꣬ǹҺúѧϰٴ¸ߵġ
ͬʱʲôУУͣ˵ûǶ֪˭
κ꣬һûд
͵͵Ťͷǽˣ
ͬصͷʰʱ׼뿪ǸѧʱмλΪ塢͵ȵԭѾ֮ǰ뿪ˡ
ԣѧ˼λʦ
ЦЩͬѧѾһЩ˰ɣλʶ£
嶼ڸѧס
ĻеŤͷ˭ţͼꡢ͡Сվ󼷹Ⱥǰ̨
һʦܣܰɡ
˵õҪȥģ
ʦЦ˵ϲžģѾҹǺüˡ
ѧݻ֮⣬ܶ඼Ǿ˳ġ
϶Ǹѧѧ
׬ǮңֿͬһѧʣڸѧĥȥμӴǵ˴ڡ
뿪ļλλΪʹˣԭؼȥˡ
λǽ׼μӴȥˡ
ҽ꣬ͷһվͷ֣ĵ̫ˣԺֿԺʦһ۹ˡ
ЦڸøĿˣ
Цû뵽ǰʦֽǣڻɰˣʲôʱҲܽ̽ǣ
ʦĵʱ

ԼˣҪȥԶٷ
屾æ¡
˵ҪȥңĬһ꣬¡
걻һԣôˣ
ҽ˵˶ģʲô´ϳԿ
ţǰţܵðԼһ
ͷ˵ı׼硣
Ҳˡ
Щϰǰ죬˵ĻῪˣ١ҲڸǼдµʱ˳һ¡
лꡣ
˵϶˭飬ʵϣǼһһ
ҺͰ׼Ȧӵãȴиšצ򼡣
ͺӣҲܸ޶Щë
ϰ˼´λʱұҸƭˡ
١壬Ҳһϵ١ѾСˣκһңǶյġ
Цףлл򡣡
Ӵļ£һĲң
ָնࡣ
Ц滢Ӹƭ˾С
ȻҺʦҲͳԶٷЩһ۹Ρ
ְ࿼˾ʮ
˵ο֮󣬰༶ᱣ֮ãֱŻ·һΣսǡ

ҵԼʱһӵѧ
Сʱջѡ
ĴɫΧ
ССߣϲ²С߳˲٣ۿǴˡ
ǣǼСǸкӣ
Ķ쵰ⱲǳԲˡ
СЦǹӣʲôʱֻĸ죬պôһԶ
ҡͷһ뿪ֳ
С

ȥĶԼҵĶϡ
˳СߺĻһ⣬ʼĿ
˵ʱ򣬵ůֱʡ
ݳСҲûˣһ£˭
ССҲ˵ǹӵһλˣԭһֱڲģҲ֮󣬴㵽ȥġ
ʱڼҫԼյĹŻһλ˵⻭Ǽٵġ
ָ˼֮
ǣ˼̵ơ
棬ֻ˵ģµȫ˵Ǽٵġ
ҿʲô˰ɣ
ҲǴֽźжһԵĿ
˵ҹ飬ϸоһ£ǰĻʦҲֻд漣δҲ˵Ȼ
СҪλ˭δҵ漣ֻ˴Ǯչġ
ǱߵĿҲָҪ
ˡ
Լ档
ʵ治棬ٲѾû֪ˡ
ʱ򣬾ǼٵҲҪ˵ġ
е㲻ˣȻѾ³̣ʲô
ǣ
ĪǣæԵĴȥ
һѣСڡ
˵˼˻̵ƻαʵ˿ǻܷ޲
ǡø岹֪
갵һ˸ӡ
˳
갵ĥ˻ʦ֣Ļһ᷹ҿԲԡ
Сҧڲɡ
˵һһΣ浱ûƢզģ

겻ֺܻƢˡ
³ʱļ磬ЦһӣҲֻǵĲ²ˡ
ϴҶ£е㲻ġ
оա
ټͨҶˣʶѧ´˵ĹϵҲǸһ
Ҳø¾˹ȥ֪ˡ
ʵϣ޻Ҳ᲻Ӧǡ
δζôһ£˭ôܵˣ
ΪСϲְԵܲøľϲզģ
ǳԷĵطЧһׯӡ
СԴ˳ǣͿʼ˽ܣҵׯǣġ
ׯв԰ӣ˻Լժˡ㣬ʲôҲԼ֡
ͼֹ
ʶؿڣ˵еũ֣
С
ɶӣ

Сһ·ƹһƬ֡
⼸¶ͽֵҶһ£ֻʣϺȳȵӡ
ٴδ罵£涳һɫ˪رˡ
СϲһСĸժһӡ
궼˼ڡ
С߸¸µؽʾС
СЦСԽԽˡ
Сָ¸½ʾ۹⡣
ͲԭתȦˣ
ǡʱͻȻͻȻһ󹷽У껹ûӦͼСų˹ȥ
Ǳ߽л߳˹
ع˫ϾҪײһˣСӲã⹷λӵġ
·ʱСһֻ
𿴸ͷС׵úأͷһ˺ֻ
˵ͷû˵ҲЩׯӣˮ߲֮⣬ǶǱرġ
˰˹ȥ궼ˣҪСߵë͡һë
С빷мֻһ׾룬˫ڳ˲սơ
С߿
ǡʱһλµĹӿ¹ҲһԼҵĹ
˵ԸȥҲûСߵǻԱߣҲû쳤Ųӣһʱ׼ɼܵӡ
갵˿
˳ְѵϵë
Цֻ𣿿治أС˵ر¡
ԣӵĹҲ
ЦǼұƢ̫ãعӶ
꿴˿ԼҴ죬΢΢һЦ⻰ˣҺνؼҼҺܷ񺭣ϾҶǸӲǣ
ӣ

˫ΪﲻʶҲʶˡ
Ҳû鷿ӵĻ鰸ϡ
ﻹˣһˣΧŻоء
ӹ
һ⻭ʵƲǼ٣
ӵǶƹƵó𣿡
ƹ۾˼ЦЦ˵ģ⻭ֽġ
ƫƫ㲻ġ
վһƹͶƹ˵ꡣ
ӵ鷳λƹˡ
Էڰ֣ûʲôæʵڲ˼
˵ձ뿪ˣʱһۡ
õֻ˲ӣ˺üˣ˵棬Ҳ˵ٵģֶ֪Ż





89.  201-203   +д+

΢΢һ, ûϵܾ˸ɴࡣ
ֵϴθ̨ʦʱֵʱҲڳģǻԼϹѧ, ʦû, ĶЩ, ʵƲ, ҲѰȥȥ, ֱǸʱ, Ҳǵһ˵ʲôɡʦ, Ҳ߲մˡ
Цȷʵ, ּȻˣͿɣҲ֮󣬶Ļմа
ֵ⻭˵Ǽٵʲô
εؼЦ, ֪⻭Ŀǰ˵, Ҳûۡ
Ȼ, ʦ, ϴβѧڼͿ𣿲Ҳư, ٣Ҳһʵˡ
͵ͷ, ȷʵѵá
Ҳǰ˴գΧŻһһ
òݺݵصһ, ôҵǸʲôˣ
˵ʲô¹ɽʫĵǸƭӡ
ΪСߵ£Ӷе, 㲻ף˳ˡ
εأǰЦ

ϸ˺ü飬ֽղλƹָļ飬⻭ȷʵͦڲͬģȷʵƲ٣ؼ֪
&gt;_&lt;
Сͣʦ֪˭Ļ𣿡
ҡͷ㶼֪Ҹ֪ˣ
갵˿ϸһᣬ˵⻭Ʋ٣ȷʵǷŻжϣֽûһǧҲа˰ˡ
ϲ鵽ЩʷһΪĳԵϡ
ƺˣֿƳʲôˣ
ͷһ⻭еڡ

ӵ˲ûˣ޲ƭӸߡ
޺޵ظȥ
̲סֱǡ
ղŵһۣ˵⻭òġ
嵵Ǯǵøġ
æֵ֣һˣ̳ĻˣŵʱûɣҵĻһŶ۵ģ㣬ʲôֵϸؼ࡭
̳֮Ļһֲڡ
ڵ˼ʱƣ̳ȴĲڡ
ô˵Ǹڵʱر̣Ҳһʮꡣ
ҾҲǧ˰ˣʱ־ƶ
̴˼ʮ꣬ණʧأ±⣬οоЩоҸʦѧգʱҲˡ
ԣͷĻһ
żĽָ˻ô˵⻭治Ǽٵˣ
Ǻһ֪⻭١
⳯û
ͱǿ㣬Ҳòȥ
пܣ˵Ϊڵʱ̫̣㻹ûӦʧʷ֮ˡ
ٸʱһ㣬⻭õֽšīϵɫ棬̳ơ
ȷʵڵʱҲ
վһ٩٩̸ȷʵ˵ˡ
ҪڣôƲȥԷ
ͼСһֵ˹Ӳˣ
￩һ£ʶʹԼҴ죬ССߺӵëëͷˡ
Ǻü˶
ʵ˭Ҳҿ
ףҲף
СһȺ˭Ҳ˺
˫ǻ۵ģ˭֪ŵžʹˡ
ʱ˹ȥ
С߱˵
Ӻٶȶһε·ص㡣
ë˲٣Ҳû䵽ãϰ߰߿ͺˡ
С߹Ųӣų׼׼ʱȥһڡ
ۻˣ̧žͳС˹㷴ˣ۸Ҽëë
û뵽һԼҵĶ죬Ҳû룬ֱӳײ˹ȥ

أ
湻̼ģ
ܾˣ˻Ϊ»Źˣ
´ȥǵһš
ǻǱʡĽԪ˵õıʡ˵ıأ
ֱֵӡ
۵һ߸С߲ҩһߵұøߣҲ󡭡
ǣӾͱײᵽһߡ
ƫҵԼҹϣ˵ͦأһһȸˡ
ʱǲҽŵͷˣֱҪ̫ҡ
̾Ϣûȥʵ̫ϧˣ˵ģ㲻һ칷𣿡
һأҶӻͼᣬǣµĴʿ
ĸβ˲⻹Ѷ쵱ԼˣԼûⷽѳﵱҲµį
ԣԺǱСߵˣãҪ
øƱƣгԵ𣿡
У
Сعϡ
ͺһһ
ʦˣ
ˣûҪȥˡ
ͦãԺֶһˡ
ںķչе棬׷һᡣ
ͱҭסˣˮź˳㲻ǶôûԾͻˡ
Сߣ˲ëأ
ȫɨˣܶˣʲôѼСӡ
Ӿû˵˵ͣ
˵͡
Ǳ̫ء
ǿ˵빷δԹȴǸ⡣
ҧֻ˺üĽۿɰֲ˵ʲôֻô̡
ԷܾԺ͡
Ž˸˻˵˳Է
Ǳߣ˵ûء
֣ͦӵʲô·ôãȻ޵⣿
ạ̊́ó
ô˵ȦǶǶˣһóľе˼ˡ
ǣ
ͷֱ
룿

û룬һ˶ӻòС
ԺȥСҵԵġ
Ƥ˵ģҲˣһȥɣһܰչչ˵Сߡ
˵źһ塣
͵Ҫȥʦһ
ǰͬѧԺͬˡ
˸ճţͼСżˣ˵ҪȥԷЦǸպãǱ߳Աġ
꣺
ⶼ̫˰ɣ

˵õڡ
ԼΧһһߵˣһԼǵӻܳŶãʵڲУ͵زپҵˡ
Ǯʵ̫ˡ
Сǣ˵ͷˣҪһѧϰġ
ͬʱʣͷһϿθѧʲô
ֱӿԣһ´ҵĽȡ
԰ɡ
ӡһСףԵĽ⡣
Сû
˵꣬ҧһڼȣϲ
˵껹˸ۡ
꣺
ôҪϲ

û꣬СϵˮرóԣóһݣҲúȣҪһݣðϵĲȫһ͵Ժҡ
˵ǳԲ˶ߣСͺˬͳӽСЦͣ˭
꣺
ͻȻоԼС
ʦǰ𣿡
СͷСʱһΣʱС鶼ǲˡ
Цʦͣ룬ȥҽľ¥úóһ١
Сĵܰô𣿡
񣺡
СҲ֪е㲻̫һ˾һŮȷʵЩס
һġ
ʦҪǲĻõǿȥҼ׾ҲԶһЩ顭
Цȷʵоʦĵ
ҴͶࡣ
ɣһʱʦһһҪѽ
Сл˱Ƚԣһûء
Ӻˣ

˳극εߡ
ССߵıƺпͺˣ͸Ѫɫսһʲôҧˣֵô£
껹ûڣͰȰȵذС߸ܵ¸ͱ˳
С˼ô𣿡
Ȼù
ûУûôǹأǱ˸ҵġ
ˣ
ҲǱƵġ
&gt;_&lt;
С乷

ճԵе࣬ȥٳ߻
һȥ򡣡
С꣬ȷǶһˣѧϰ
յԼСԺͼСվſڡ
Ц֣ˡ
꿴ʵеЩЦǿ죬𣿡
ôҲ֪ϵëëȷʵ˲СˣҴ򡭡
֮һаźˣ͸˹
ͷףȷʵ˵ñȽᡭ
ҪڣŵҲȨƣľƻҰæأҪǻˣӺ⹷ǵø˴ɰɡ
ʱСϸ˵ˡ
ëëС߱ҲûʲôˣչСߵˣҪëëԵĹͷȴСߡ
СһĶЩơ
ëëҲ߲ȥΪСҪԼͷ
ֻŴ
˵ˣҶѣӲףȥҪСߡ
Ҳǻӵһ𣬰ѶԷײˡ
º룬Ҫɸʱͣӵñ̩ɽѹѹʮ

ֿɱô˵ǼȷʵмһֱңҲ˵ǷǲֲǣȷʵЩҲҿǲܡ
ôҲû뵽ȥĶܰѶϡ
λĹ⼸ҧֻĲֵǮ͸ˡ
ûʲô׵ģȨףҲû˲Ϊ𡣡
ͣҵ򣬱ŵֻԵûҾȸˣʦǻһء
ǿ˵ˣһԸ
ʱ˵ɣҸմӦڸѧæΣ黹̫Ϥûʱȥ
ʱСǰ˵һ
ĬһˣֵҶ֪ˡ
Ҹ׼һ񣬱롭
һһķı
Ǹ˾˵ĺ񣬻һЩʳС⣬Ǹġ
ֲôѾæˣЩҲա
ôҲգҪɣЩҾˣǸѧպҪѧҰЩȷǶˣѧллֵĿ

걧ȥѾ˺һˡ
ĥĥߴߴԹٶǸţһ
ղˣ˵˼䡣
Ե͹ģ
ƿĴԴȥҹһ졣
͵ң
̾Ϣڵݻ̫͡
ϼҵʱһŶ˲ˣɵͷɶ㲻ϡ
ûκαľӣȨƵҲǸϡ

һߵ춼ˣҲ󺹵ߡ
СĨ˰Ѻ֣ȷǶϸҴͳɡ
ӦһСֵˣôˣһȥǶѧϰء
ȥȥСˮϴһߵͷɣһ߸дš
˵ҪģֲȥˣҲø˵һ
룬Ҳһ졣
Լ²⣬ʲô˵Ĺ
ڲʱڣҵΪֵ˼ˡ
ͼд飬Ҳ˳дһ⡣

д꣬־СĽǸʡǰĴһᡣ
꿪ʼǷ͵꣬ӸղǸ𣿡
оǡ
˻࣬˼ԣǵﲻֻίˡ
šüԺǱ־ĺá
ͷҴ㻭Ȳˡ
ȻҪǲҺˡ
յź󣬻ҪҪҺԼ¶Ǿܾġ
ȥɣĹ£׼ɰǰٶÿţԺ˾ֱõȥʡ
С˵ѾĻֿͨʼˡ
ʱ俴òôԺȥӦкܴϣ塣
͵Ҳãٴ϶ȥ
ЦЦˣӻֻȥ˯ȥˡ

Ϊһ
ڶ緹ҪȥѧϿʱžˡ
һûΣû׼⡣
һģһվڽſڣһᣬ˲˶ԷĹ£˽ȥ

λ˱Ժ
ԺԺͼԺ̫һѧͱȽСõ³ԣõģҲ߰͡
ĸץΣץ˱һࡣ
Ϊͬļ磬Ͱɣ˵һѧݵġ
ѹͦģŵһ˲䣬ǣԼԪЦݻûκ׼Ρ
Ȼѧһۡ
סˡ
һҶʮѧ滹мλ
Cλ
ЦСذһϿΣǼһģǸѧеġ
꣺

ɬЦЦ̨˸򵥵ҽܡ
ҽܰɣǻʶһ¡
ţȴߵһſʼ
ˣڽԼʱ򣬴ҿ԰Ѷʲô飬ڶı˵һ£оرõľӣ߹Ҳҷһ
Ц
ֱʮѧҽˣŵȻҶʼ顷ˣǽվһѧɡ
תд˺ڰϡ
Լ׳ԼĿ⣬ôвͬȾ֡
Ͳ
ͷѧмվԵġ
һᣬͼ¼˾Ÿؼ㣬ʷϣй£⣬˵ͦң൹ͦ롣
ںͷûͦ档
һڿֻôһ⡣
ôհѽܽᣬϿҪ

߳ң󱳶ʪ͸ˡ
̫ˣкüζҧͷһ̧ͷͶһͷЦ
˲ʶ
ʱ㱧סԷʹޡ
ͱңǰѧһ㶼ϡ
׳⣬ǸӲ
ţ鵽Ǳİ࣬Сֻ߰Ǹ࣬Щ˲ŶǧġЩء
ҵָ׳Ҳ̫ףѧʱСѱһŵöˣίˡ
꣺
ԣ໹ǺѺõġ
ѧǶе㿴Ц˼ɱϾûԾ
𰲾缦öˣ
Сʱʦ㽲ʲôΣ
Сһ⣬һð
겻˼ǰû𣿡
ѽѧأҵһϿΣ֪ܵѧĶ˰ɣȻԺĿҲˡ
⣿
ǰ⣬Ƕһء
˽Ӷ࣬Ҳࡣ
֮侺ǳңʲô԰رࡣ
ʱ򻹻ҳȻԼĺȥõ˽ӣҸõѧϰͦѡ
ÿ¶ҪһΡ
ͬݱŷ㣬Ĺ֮󣬲֪˵ҲԣɸԿȡġ
Ǹѧ֣ÿ¿һΣ֮ηְ򾩶Ǳȡľ
ѧʱ·
ﶼǴ³ģԴҲڽ¿Ρ
ǻһԣվͽһ飬˳Ǽɵġ
꣬㽲ʲô
СͷӣӺˡ
괹ͷ˼ôҽܡ

СǱ߿ر࣬־óһ
ʦ֣ǰѧڶѧˣмѾʼӹˣû׶ε⣿
Уȥ㡣
СͺҪҪ
˵ţͼЦеŶ룬ꡢ͡ӣҪûµĻѶʰһ£ԺǱиԺպסĸˣǰᵽǱȥ
СЦͦãǼһ𣬸ѧϰˡ

û˵ᡣ




90.  204-206   ++

ҪסǸСԺҲԶ
ѧ, ǱҼӿϣռ˵û٣ڲ˹ˡ
ڿزÿʱ¶Ĵˡ
ʦֵ֪Ҫ, ҷ׷æ
ûʱ͸ˡ
˿Է, ĵԺ, Ҳȥס
꣺ͲɩһڼҴŮ
˵Ů˷
ŮЦˡ
СѾͷЦغÿ, С

ΪŮ̫ɰ, žúѧϰ, ʿ, ˻ҪΡ

˵, ȥϰǶԷ
ңһȺ˺ƺƵĹȥˣ첻ͬСʱѧԾ, ÿ˷ּţôҰæ
²۵̫۸ˡ
С˵, ԼҲ洦ġ
ƪ֮, ͻȻЦоûǰдúá
ͷҲ̧дҲô
, 㻰ࡣ
ȷʵСѵ, ܻ
ǣԷʱ, ﻹͣǰ˽ӵͬѧ
꣬λȥ˽ôˣ
ǰˡ
ʱԳɼû, ƾԺԵĳɼ˽˲ٵѧ
١ȻѾæˣ⼸Сëͷ, ͯɼõʦִǡ
ܸ㲹ɡ
˵пһɿ
û˵һ䣬ʱʱһ˳ˡ
̾һȥ𣿡
ȥæſûȥܵûذɡ
̫ء
Ҫ·̫ˣصöʮ죬ڼٴ죬һ¹ȥˣ·ĵЩʱ䣬ֻܱʲôģû
ҵûأҼСס
˶ûСѾͷأ
ǻزȥˣʦܻȥҸӸš
١·ݾҪˡ
϶չ˲ĸ׹æ
û⡣

˳극СľҲˡ
СѡرõĺӣٰĻϸһգЦȻˡ
չȥһơ
ɼõĺӣ׵ĹְҲ͡
һǸΪƷ֪游ĸ
游ιְ
ԣС˸ܽᣬԴ̻бҪġ
þһȭģҲúúѧϰ
ǣСǻȥ۹ʱǲˡ
Ȼ۵ݣٲ岻죬Ҳ͵ıʼǿ
˸ûؼʱ붯
˸㻹ǻȥӰɣҿɲϰͬ˯һŴ
ǰʱڿջͬһ䣬û취¡
οʱֻͬݲͬ
ִϣ͵˯ǶҲеģֻиȱ㡭
˯ĥ˵λŻ
񣺡
ǳױСˡ
վǶһᣬĥһϵҳ꣬Ŷˡ

ڸǰСѿʱҲʼ˷ְ࿼
Դ˹Ůսֱ
⼸죬Ͽʱ䣬ƨɺ棬ıʼһһ顣
ְɼˡ
ֱʦЦʦֹϲѽηֵ˼ࡣ
Ҳ˵ȫУٶУ˸ϡ
еƣôŬˣôżѽ˳һֵĸࡣ
ʦܵһڼİࡣ
񣺡
ЦҲãΪһԺأ
еҪһЩϾһʱķˡ
Ϊһ²˳̬˱仯
Ҳã١ֹû롣
ϣ´οԵʱࡣ
͵ռܴأԺÿοǰָоͦá
ҲһԸһ䣬ֻҪ˼ԺʵݶһģҶ³ǵģصĸ⡣
˵ţͼСѰ˹ôˣʶĲʶģͳͳк
ߵͷʲô¡
С˺ˣŻ뿪ˣʲôʱʱ䣬硣
šüϴǰѻ˵𣿡
СǹӣܸоЩⲻȥλүһھԸ
Ĳˣ֪βǹҲæҲɣЩȽھˣԺʲôֻ˵һá
СȰ˼䣬껹һҧȥˡ
ǡСһ䣬꣬ûһ벻
Сֻ뿪ˡ
СˣιǸҶ˺񸮽õң
֪Ǽң
ҵ˵Ӫߵһ֮⣬ǼүӵһҲйϵ
ܴҶ񸮣ҪǵҶһæ
Ҷ˰ọ̃Ҳǻ˵һ顣
Ƽң˲̫ãеĺ󱲶һ뷨ҪȱúãЩ
꾪֪
ҵģ·ϢǱȽͨġ
ˣˣ㲻ȥͲȥ£´ҰؾһȥʦܼҳԷҿ⡭

귢֣С˵ĸ鷢չرٶȡ
ֱ˵һ顣
ȻǼҲͦģⲻһȥˡ
ǰ컹˵СڸССϻء
Լǽȥҳ㡣

Ӿôƽƽһε³
ӭ˴ѩ׷ɵļڡ
һգոѧǽյԾԼС﷢ʱOKѧǰףһꡣ
˼ţȥիƹǮǲǸýˡ
Ҳ׼ꡣ
ͼ´ߵ嵽Ժ
껹ΪߴˣŸ·Цʱ𣿴ȥһˡ
һᣬʰ¶
Դԣͺȥ´Ƕˡ
һμ棬ǰǰ֪겻ȥˣϰָЩ´ˡѧÿһЩ

ʰã˵һȥ˳¼ҡ
´˼յĵǰˮɻѾˣһݾ˱ǡ
´ǰһ˲ᣬ֣ݸһ˵᲻ῴ˱
귭˷С
Щˣơ
꣺
ͻȻڼϲ˱ġ
Ҳ֪˱˭ģλʽˣ~~
´˵˵˲ǽĸ˰ա
ҪտˣܵðĿһ飬ýȥ
һ𣿡
̫˰ɣû
´˵ûУͼλ˷Э㣬ֻҪÿ˸ϣٰмģҡ
֮˱ܳ
껻һطǳ͢͹Ա̫ˡ
ڣ˵꿼ˣһ㶼Ρ
ƽһꡣ
ͷ˷İɣѧȫԸġ
´Ц˼˵ǸѧҪżˣֲȥ
ȥһ·̫ˣ
Ҳòμԣʡ˲١
ĽˣһҪˣȥƤ֮ࡣ

´һٷһЩѧϰϵ⡣
궼һһش
´˵ʱ䣬һֱţֻҪżæУʲô©ĵط
Եʱ㶼֧䡣
´˸оʱ˷˻ϧÿսһƪ¸Ҳܰ⡣
꣺
ʲôźˡ

´˵ˣԺÿճʱ̵¼ҡ
һٷʱٰͻȥ
ϰƵġ
а೵ͣæʱܸɵ˽
´˵ʣѹǻˡ
룬ǵˣռ˴ˡ
ڻȥ·˿عϡǳӡǺ«ＦצһЩҰС±ζ
ͳһֻռ
ЦŽҪô֪ˣ˵Ҳɡ
Ц˵һƷ
彫͵˸ѧſڣǵ³ͽȥ
ƴǣǲߣֱû˵ĵطŵӣҿܳ¶ˡ
кһ
ʶͱס˺Ǹң
ͷǰ͵СԺˣȻȥˡ
˰ףָ
ȥ·ϣҡ
ǰҲŴǶ˼ľƻ
Ϊ֪ԼԭϣǼׯϵ͹ȥ˼ǧʱСҪҪдʲô
һֱϰæӵģûӣСл
Ҫǳ¶ܳʲô£

صСԺʱء
ԶԶŵһɿζ
С˺Щʳĵ꣬ԽԽϲˣԽԽ벻ˡ
ߣٶ𣿡
ﺰ֣ȴץ˼צ
ϴ֣Сһмצ
Сצŵ꣬¯Ӻˣȥ
˵Ҷ¯ûʦ˽⡣
ڳԶСһץצ߿бȥ
С¯ӵû𣬻ͦġ
СѼצֲŴӳóһţݸѧ˸ģҵдļ顣
겻ԣҿ
ѽҪȻΪŪ¯ӣ
꣺
Сͷ㿴Ϳ£ֲʲôܡ
Цҿϱġ
ϸһƣžΪʲôˡ
ǰʱҪϾ˵ﲻ̫ȫСöˡ
ʱȴŲ޵⣬ӷΪϱԸ꣬Ҷ˵֡
񣬱֣Ľڽڰˡ
űʱֱɱ˱Ķǡ
˷۱
ԭһ͵ʴס
ȥ޵ʱˣ֣˸˭ϵϴŵǷ¡
֣˴ӻı˱ͨޡᱱš
ܱ֮鱻ˣƴˡ
̲һ˵ȳ¡
֣Ѿʦس
һֱҡ
ԣָľֻûȷϢ֮ʱ´˲ֱ˵һ䡣

ſˣСļצҲˡ
ϴ˵ʲôӵĹСߴܣҾͲµˣ¾Ǳҡ
ӹǱѣСӵãڳˡ
˲֪游Ǳ顣
꿴ľֲɵҲǰ㲻ҵӣ˼ұҶ˻ƴ󣬿ôȴԼԼڽȥˡ
ҲԣֵȼĳԼڣ˭
ⷽ˼
껺˻лл
Сӻ֣ʲôȻ鷳ˣҴ⼸ͻؾ
ȥȥ
꣺
㲻׬ǮǻᶼôˣҪǲǮϧҪǵϾָ⻭Ѿˡ
Ц룬ȥҪҪ³
С³£ҵײĶ
⼸µദǼ˵֪ʶѧرʵ
꣬ӲõģãٶȾͱ˿һ
ԣ㱳һ飬ܱࡣ
ǣرĶӡ
ʲô⣬˵һ
ңµļҲȽ϶أ˵ʱϸһ룬´ͬõ״̬
һȥȥ
ҪˣҲðԼǮûǡ
СһѾô죬⣿
ٺЦеȻòЩ߰£ҲһһиҪ˵ˣ˵Ļر󡣡
Сͬصͷȥѧˣ֪𣿾լӣҼھĴһأһһ԰ӣͳһǧ
һǧھҲֻһСԺɡ
ǽӽˣ
Щҵ׵ġ
ھ仧ģļױ

˻ȥʱצѾûˡ
Ǻˣһ롣
ֵڳ¼ҾûԷ
ˡ
ֻζʵ̫ˣһʱûס

극ȥիʸȥˡ
ǵõʱ˵ˣһȾͿԽˡ
㣬¶ʮϵģҲĸˣһȶˡ
Ϊѩիرůͣвٵѧ濴顣
ƹŴЦӭ˹عˣ໹˵ȥѧȵĸһ¡
ҽеվ͹ˡ
ƹ񷭳һŵӸ湲жʮǣʡ֮µĶһġ
ϸһƣпڣͳʱ䣬ʮһǧ౾
ƹ㿴Щʮ²ſģϸо˽㣬Ҫ뿴ģһҪٹʱ䣬ֻеȿڱȥˣŻøá
ͷ
ϸһ㣬һʮӡ

ôãǲԶˡ
T_T
һ㿪ʼʱ䣬͸ˡ

˸ѣƹҲ˳ƴ¸ӣûʱ仭Ҳ֪ڸѧˣÿճϿ֮⣬öѧϰ
ʱرš
ƹ˵ոѧżˣǲǣ
æѧǷżˣ˸ҪæʮԺˡ
ƹ񣺡
òᱻǽ˰ɣ
겻ƹ˵Ļ⣬ûʲô顣
ƹƼ˼һȫСǶеġ
ǣһҧȥɡ
˼Сüˣ顣
صѾȥˣͺĸʰɾˡ
һˮ裬ݸһС˵ˣ˵Ѿȫˣ֣ȻʦسˣǰؾҪҪһߡ
вУ
붮´¶
ͷҰɵԣǰȥˡ
뾩ʮ·̣ԣٶĻܸϡ
͵˵ߡ
ԣֵøдţ

С˵߾ߡ
ʱе᲻á
ﻹǰһȥ١ǵ˱С޵۾ġ
걧С߸˻֣ͻȻһ˼ҸСѣϡ
Żַ˲ٵĴ죬Цлл̡

СߺԺʣˡ
˵͹Ҫһʱпǧ
ʦҲһȥ
ҡͷûܹ·ء
˵ˣܵҪˣ׺ۿɼĳ⣬ְ֣۾켷һˣʲôʱߣ
ꡣ
ûӻ
ҪϼˣȹŻ
˽ӡ
ڿˣе鷳
Ϊ±˴߸壬±ģ֪׬Ǯӡ
Դ˳糵ȥɾΪ·Ҫʱ䣬ԸŲߡ
һȥؾ͵һ¡
ˣһʱȥ˾ԣٴμ棬õꡣ
Ĭһᣬ´μ棬ҼҺӶܴˡ
㣬ӻûӰ
˲˼ˡ
ۿסһ죬˿ô㻹ҹŮҶأ
˭ϡ㻹ָⱲûжء
ʦ֣ȥԿɣ




91.  207-209   ټ+ѧ

겻֪ûжӡ
֪, һúܳʱܼС顣
ȥ·;ңԶ˵زĸǼѣ˲е㷴ˡ
һ, ͷһ, ͷһ, ߾¡
, æͷʱ, һ¾ǱߵԼϰߺͻȵȡ
ǱʵҪһЩ, Ҳ
ʳ浹ǲ˶, ʲô
һûб, ȥѡ
һȥһ˳Ҫüꡣ
жǮ

壺Ҫ㲻ĻǶиСլȥסʱ䡭
ΨһĻӽЧ, ǱӣһЩյǶȥǱסһʱ, Ѱס뿪
ȫȷʵ
ų´˵ʱ, еСǮ, լ, һʼ۸ˡ
㾭˽Ǳһףƽʱȥġ
ǰʱ, Ǽˡ
ÿճ͹ȥסס
ҲҪȨԼҿլӡ
лл, ˵ס԰æ¡
ЦңҶӽ, ˵ھﲻ󻧣סĵطȱ
˵˵𣿡
˿ˮ˵˰һûȥ
ҲãԼӲˣ֪ؼ𣿡
ͬյء
˵Դؼ֮󣬾ûǰء
֪ҪϾ֮󣬾˺ü죬ǰ͵͵ܷȥؼعô
ʲôԭ׵
Ҫǹúã굽ﻹиˡ
ҪǹãԼҲ˵
ӼýӼأ⻰˵ڡ
ϾǸҪĵǸˣǣ㽫͵͵طһ˫Ь꣬ء
ֵ˵Ƕ̫ң
ͷ
ԭļﻹ̫үְλ
Ҳôһַ
ǼҲǺ˽⣬Ϸŵӣμرﲻɰӡ
Ӳô֮⣬ؼҵļλճүԵġ
ְλû߹ȥҲƷתˡ
ӱˣ̫үżȥʵɡ
үְߣŵ֪
үȷʵʹˣһϣؼλΪΰǣУүȥˡ
˵꣬ͻȻҼǵǼǺʡǱģǼӦûʲôϵɡ
Ǽǰܹǰ̫үүĶ䣬˵ڻؾˣιȥݷһ£㶫Ͼͬ
Ȼ
һѡ
ֱǸúӣڶ޹ְˣ껹ǵĶ飬ָԷͲǵˡ
ĺӣЩ
ǣָд˼ַʲôѿȥĳ¼ңҹܼҰæǹܼһλ塣
л
£һ룬ʲô˵塣
ο´˽ҲȽŲ֪

ͶʮС꣬ڳ¼Ѿæ˿ʮˡ
ϵҲǺ˶ˡ
´˴Ŀ㱨һ£Լܳıø
´ϸһ飬ÿ£ÿ˶ºһͼһ۾ܿļãЦ½㵹ǻû
ʱ䣬ٹһɡ
´˵Ŀ⣿
ҡͷĿû⣬ණܶԵϣҾôʱ仹ԼԹһ飬ϾҲͷһôҪ顭
Լûġ
Ϊһ˵ڼʱ±ſ˱
㹤ʣǶԼҵĶӣ١
´һĿһŶۡ
ο⻹˰շĶ
ѧ̫õ꣬⼸ӲǳŲҴĿԲˡ
´ЦǲԼ
겻˼ͷ
´˵Ϸ൱ã˵ƹˣһô˷ν˲ã˲˵ĶԣֶʱԼĿһЩ
ǣڶ첻ֱ꣬´˺˹
꣺
˵Լġ

¶ʮһ죬ǰϵĹˡ
´˵öۻˡ
ҲǻģʮһյĿ֣϶˸ɵˡ
귴ڶеɵˡ
Ժʲôȥ
̫ˣ
´ڼ緹֪ʹд˷Ƽš
ʡݵģÿμӻԵľӣһ󲿷ֶȥݡ
زͬסʲô鷳Ҳܹȥ´˵Ϸ뾩ʱסһʱ䡣
ݵĸλͬ˶õġ
ůůģͷ˷İɣһŬġ
´ļ磬ֹ䡣
ʱӵ㶫ǸҶ˺һλѵġ
꣺
˫㱣ϰ
׵Ҳûʲôˡ
ӳ´ȥƮ˴ѩ
棬ϼҵʱҲûôѩĵط
˵ﻹҪһЩѩµĻһЩ

¶ʮߣѩͣˡ
ڳ´˼ңûؼҹѧͲ䵽СԺͺһϰҪ겻ȥ¼ˣҲС
һξ͵˳Ϧ
һ˸磬õĴϡ
ٽʰɾĵ
ϸһͦô¡
ʱͼλѧСĵ
˵ʲôǽҹ
ЦźȥǶأû뵽Ƕźˡ
Цǰģ˵ʲôԻһ𡣡
ȷʵͦá
ֻ˵վһԶƤӡ
ǿģǶæǰվһԼֱȭ
ʦˣһһԶٷɣӹ˰ʱ׼á
ΪٹӣȥһĲˡ
ڴأԻ㡣
˶źˣʦֿ죬д˸嵥
ˣʦһڼңҲ̫ġ
ʦֿЩȥɣǵˣ͹ȥ
£ʵæĲˣֻÿһ뿪ˡ

оر
緹æ˵ˣæӵİӡ
־ͽ꣡
оҲ˯ûᣬʦܿˣʱ䵽ˡ
Ժ˿ͷֲָҹɫ
ʰһ£Ȼϲͷˡ
꣺
ͷ㡣

˵Ը껹һ켷ڴǶϣͷͷһ࣬һرůͣôλƵɽ
̫磬һû˯ã˳񶼲ֱӿڳ˯˹ȥ
ֱһˡ
˲ɽ
˳̧ͷһһ
˵ͷ㣬㶼ˡ
ǰͷѾųһΪ˱ʾԼϣɽʹСԸȥ
͵⾺̫ˡ
⵹ڣÿȥĸˡ
ôˣʵҲһȥͬһ¡
¡ɽһ˲һȥ¡£ҶǼҵͷ㣬Ŀ궨һЩС
壬֪ļҵͷ𣿡
¡£¡һ㶼дͨˡ
͵֪ȥ¡»ڻǱȷʵ·ر𲻺ߡ
Ǳûᣬ˱ɽȥ
˻¡£Ѿˡ
ǹȻûͷ㣬ǰͷ֪˶ˡ
ʦЦ˵¡µزرóԣ˵ûͷ㣬˿϶õġ
Ц뷨ʵݡ

ɽţһ۾ƼԵСʦżСʦܣſӭء
꣬ԵԱߵСʦ˵һ첽˹ƶɮŽܼʩ̫һҲˡ
꣺˵˻
²۹²ۣòһá
ĵ֪ԵСʦңΪǷ˭Ҫ
Եʦ˵ϴﲹ˻ȱ裬ʦ˵ˣϴǷ
Сίֿģһʱе㲻ģͷߣߣСߵĳӡ
ԵʦԼСԺ߲Զ
Ĭһܷʦȥ
Եҹ

ԣҲܲӵġ
Ȼ˾Ǻá
ͼ˸꣬Ե쵽һ㡣
ĥţͷһ
Եɣÿ˵Ըյ


ϵԸ˳һ·Ҫ꣬и
Ը˳³ܲûϵϣҪ̫䡣
Ը˾˳ҵݹǵӣǹ˶þ͵ðˡ
Ը
ԸûڣԵԸ˲顣
˲ôԵСУһ۾ܿʵ
ԣǳһرʵһھͱ¶ˡ
㣬֪Ҫȥλѣʦ飬Ҹ᷿Էȥ
ԵһλСɳ켸˹ȥȥһɽʯر徻СԺ

·˺üأ˭
Եֻ˵֪ˡ
˵˭ҪԵڣĴ쵹ͦȤ
˵Ҳ˶죬һʱС߹ȥС档
æˣ
Ե¿СһһΡ
žǾС߻ãʹء
ϴûܳɹΪϣСߵͿܻеСأ

С߸ԵСԺ
ԽӣԽŵһζ
Եվǰ£ʦʩˡ
ɣ
һЩ
ԵƿţˮζŲζ
С¯ϣཹཱུһˮ衣
С¯Ա߷˷̣ĿֱߵӰү
˵˹˶ȥ¡

֣ͷ΢΢һЦСصѧôˣ
ߣǻǵƼҵס
ʵʵ˵׶סˣû취á
Щˣ
оԼ̵ȷӲˣԭãֶǲȫ˿ܸڼɸ
֣޷Ĵʦ壬Ҳʲô
꣺
ֵǻҳԷء
СԱ׼õС
ԵҨ˱ˮ衣
ҲСҨһƽȡ
ĵôⷽӻǴ¡ֹģ˵ǵʱǱ߻ڻʱŪģҲ«ưʲôҪĽĵطû
ʦˣҲһЩСĸ׳󡣡
һ˱ְ֮⣬飬˵ǶҲˮŪ
һͺˡ
ȻҲĻһŶóԣѲҲһζ
һ˼ûĽͣҲûŶ꽴
ԽԽĶӾ͹Ľһ
꣺
Сߡ¡Ҳһ
Ű˿Ŵûһġ
мСߵĳӣССĺ
ղڸССʱʣһغӣСһͷ˰ɫëϲ켫ˡ
մϣС߾¡ɽС
Ұοأ֣Сؿǰҹɽģ
ͷ˵ͷر飬ѧ㼸λʦһɽˡ
ϧû˯ãҲˣͷ˸į
ĵĳϱˣʲôʱ㶼һģڷǰƽȡ
꿴һԼԱߣеĵӣһһģĹ裬Աߵһɮһʱˡ
ɲƽզģֻݣ۵λ䡢֣һڻͬһϡ
ͨһ㣬ͻȻͷˡ
˵岻
׵Ļ̲ס֣Ҳûֳѧ
꣬ԵѽԱߵϰںš
С߸µֽһ
֣Ƕˡ
ͷƽʱԶġ
Ǹպãһɣ
ǣƽȵֻһϡ
Ե
˵ҪȥдˣСʦֶá
æ鷳Եʦʦ˵һصҳԷˡ
ԵİɣѾȥˡ
꣺
㲻ʵ

ϴμ֣ʱȥԺ֮
ʱ֣һһؾ¡ס˼գλȥ﷢һ飬»һ̡
ָͷһᣬ֣Ǹջؾûãֱ¡ɽˡ
˼ţĵʦܣʱؾ
֣ձߡ
΢΢һ㶣ʲôҲû˵ֿʼӡ
濴̫һǼǵͣʱǰѺһͻɽ
֣棬Цˣ
ûôס
֣ЦҲˣҲǲףһģһģ
죬治ס

֣Ӹպãʦ֣ûˣȥơ
ĵȥɣСѴãϴιԵ˸棬յòϡ
룬ȻһУǰǷ˵ġ
ĵСԺѾǵʱ·ˡ
֣һãȻȻ֪㲻ԭˡ
·ϲ壬ʶְ
ɵЦȷʵ̫ʶ·
һ㸴һĵΣΣŲࡣ
֣ʱ䱾㣬ʵʶ·ͦ򵥵ġ
æлү
ʲôǾƱãҼСѾͷ߶ţҰ黭ء
ǣ⺢ӻͦ飬л̧
֣ЦΪҵܾһ㣬˼ʹ󣬾˳ò̫ÿ
֮ԽǵòԽá
ǣ
պԸԵæ֪꣬ǣϾܷ˺ӵԸͬʱҲģİæһԣ˵Ҫҵ˽վͻɽ
³ɡ
֣ԵſţӦĵĻ
ûҳֵʱ򡣡

֣һᣬ߱ұǣ˵ӿܶһһЩϸСĵطʾġ
Ҫĵ㣬øʱ䡢жϡ
ණȱһɡ
˵ûôã֣ÿ仰סˡ
ȥúĥĥ
Ҫȥʱ֣ǰͷ·ˡ
꣺




92.  210-212   ľ+

ʵϰ̫磡
߱˼֣ļ·, ô֣ͣͣҲڵ˺ԽԽ, ôһʵ, ǲûȥٿˡ
Ѱζ˳ҵĿĵء
֣Цʱ, ζҲǼķ֮һ
С߸ߵö˯, ҡҡڰڸ˾Ƶģ
֣쳤ú, ǿоóԡ
æү, ǼС
Сҧ, ȥ׼, ͼСŤͷһ֣Ųҡҡλεǰߡ
֣Цôˣҧˣ
˵ɲզģ
, ſܴҲӲģƽʱڸѧҫ, ǰ, ֻҪ˵һ䲻Ļ, ųҪȥս
ѧ˭ҵĹ, èս
˵ǰڳֵú׵, ʰķ
ֱѧһԡ
գ˻Ƶġ
˵֣̲꣬סЦ, ȻǸĺӣ֪򲻹
С߸µֽһͬĻ
꣺

껹Ҫǻ, ֣ĸ
֪֣˵СߣͻȻ˵꿼ò
ͷá
ɼʵȶԵʱ˵ѧһԺԵڶã˵һ
֣ûȥ
ʵʵ˵ٹͶ
֣Ц̫ˣǼѧ黭㵽˾ǵ֣ұ
꣺
ѾŹˣ
ˣͷһν϶ز죬֮󣬰øһ£ȥù֧һʱֱϱɡ
껹˵ʲô
˫ֽһľƸ˹Сװ˺ɰ
⹤ҵҲ̫˳ˣĻôϸġ
л
֣ڰ֣ôˡ
ɵЦү˰ѧѧ֪αˡ
ͺúý

ĺ֣˵һȥˡ
֣һͨΣγʱٻǼһ·ϧʱû壬ȥҲӽ
ǣһСߴ·
С߱㰺ͷҡڵǰȥ
θһ飬˳ؾͽ·סˡ
˵Ӷһģÿ·ڻܷϸ΢Ĳ֮ͬ
ҵʱ⿴ˣء
ͻе⣬ô֪
ЦСߴģ
˵ţ㽫С߸Ĳӳ걾Ҳͣһ첱ͽͷ龰һ
ֻڷɻȦˣر档
ﻹһֱ߶ţҪˣҪˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
Сֻڶ۾ĵмƮƮȥ
Цǿͦ𾢡
ЦԴСʵʲô֪
ˣС߶ߡ

ҹɽصѧѾʱ
һ˶ٷ˵ƣԺһ˯ڶϡ
ʱѾ緹׼ˡ
۾ʦָ˵¡
̫࣬ûҵ˵
ˣ֯һԣ򵥰ԼŹ¸˵һ¡
һһ¹£־Щ̫ףûʣԺ϶иĻᡣ
͵лл
ʲôҶһϵơ
ͬ۹õС顣
ʲôƣ̫ˡ
һʱˣ˵ԽԽˡ
˳Թȥϴ룬ͽʰһ£½½ʦֵǶһˡ
Լ˹˳Ͷ
һգһǵ˸
ȥ´Ƕʱ´˹Ȼ˵Ҷ˴˲ٵĶ˿׵ĳ
һ˹ȥ͵˳㵽Щ˶ճ
㱻жˡ
ҪǱ˵´˲׵š
´˵ЩͰˡ
ͷµķϻһҲ˵һŵˣҽ꿼أ
´˵ʲôŶѽ겻У´ΣǿĴΣ㲻Ŷʮ꣬ʲô
꣺
ⰲο˵Ļ̫ˡ
Ը
⡪
ûвеԸ
&gt;_&lt;

´߳˸һЩѵ֮⣬飬Щʫʷĵܽᡣ
ѧû飬һķķһ
ҲһģһĶ
Ϸʵڲ˼ϳӣͲʼʲôˡ
ֻҪϳ½Ķúоо϶еġ
֪룬´ǰӽ̵ġ
ֲһϸ׵ĸо
ѧȥ˳¼һˡ
ȥ꣬´˵ôˣʲôģ
һ·Ļȫû³ֻګګغһˣˣҪǣҪι˴ǣǲǿԣԡ
Զ˵ʦ
´΢΢һ㶡
룬ɵСӾȻ̫ɵ
´ظ̨ϵķӽˮĬһҲаɣҪûеĻͱô˵ϾϷ򶪲ˡ
ͷ˷ģã˾ĵӣǻ硭
´ˣ
ӹȻһ㶼⡣

һԵѾɵˡ
ô𼱻ǵĹ˵ôһͨϻ
˳¼ҵţ̲סôôɵͲֱӺʦ𣿡
ôɣһҹأԺҿ϶˵´ѧʲУѧǶˡ
ֱû˳´˵
˴ǣʱ˵ǳ´˽̵ģҲ´˴ôá
١ЩɶʵʵأҪˣòٵлʦ
ѽȻÿ׬ǮС
ͺǺ˼ҳ´ͦھͽġ
ǰȥիһˡ
ƹԺôԶԶڻϵҶ
һͿǰʣ
û˵꣬ƹͷ̧ͷһعˣ
˵Ŵӹ̨˳͸ӭ˽ȥ
ƹЦӣչ黹ǿ飿
ǣ
ƹ˵ǻˡ
볬Խ游øǿ˵ѾǻˣҰҲֹˣһֱŸֵ̼ݡ
Ҫĸࡣ
ǱߵýͨڱǱ̵һ֮ʲôġ
ƫظҵͥ
֪˵ãûմˣһӱ˽ȥ
ұ֣ץ˸š
֪ӳº󣬻븺翹֣Ͱھﱣʵ۵Ľץˡ
֤֤ڡ
Ƕûϵ꣬һжǰͱնʾˡ
Ů뺢ǧ֮֡
ǣģصҲеͦأصûղƲȵȣΪû£ҲǲŹûá
ΪǺģǣֻҪǮƱܱס
ҽеתˡ
һʮ
ҵҲֻˡ
ľһǱӲˡ
үΪʹˣѻĻԼĶ
͢ǮˣһҪԭ򣬾Ǵ̷Ǯѽ֣˴ο˵ʤǮǻĸˮƵġ
ⲻպóһЩص̣̫صǮˣǱֱӳҸһЩ
һʱ֪οڡ
ַֺúԼ⣬ѧϰõģҲ볯Ϊ٣ɽݾضǽݾ֪ڿɷڡ
ǻô
ΪԼ
ƹʵ϶Ǹˡ
ϧүӵûա
һߵС
ƹСû¶Ƕ˼ҵģС˵ģЩ߰£γ£̫үû֮ǰͽһūˡ
˵ƹ񲻽ۿ۾ңֵĶҲá
ҪֱӰǴˣԼˣүûУǡ
ͦܣһŵǻأ
˺üء
Ŀǻʱˣ֮
ûչġ
ƹЦǺİѾƺˣڼӽӡأ·ʽУ֪һ֮󣬾ʺĹʲôǾǻˣ⻭Ҳص㡣
̻ѾˣǱҲȥһŻǧ
еҪһЩ
ȻܼǮͷˣǱԺȥ˾ô㣿
ھǱҲիʱֻǱ߽ɡ
ƹֵ֪ʱĿʼ𣿡
ҡͷ滹ûã˴˵
ƹȻλѧôãȥһܽģɵźλϲأ
겻˼ƹԡ
ǰѸƹĵҲ֪´ټʲôʱ

Ϊ˸ھǱ˳ƹ¶Ҹǩ˸֤ī
¶һ귢־Ȼү
үû뵽⻭껭ġ
ҪǻҲ̫ˡ
ү֪ҪϾЦ̫ˣ߹ȥ˾ܷǼҸǼĶϿΡ
ǲɣѾӦȥһˡ
ȻУͿԡ
үЦ̫ˣλӶһλݽѧǼҵĸ
ô귢˶رˡ
ң͵Գɼȷʵܺã˫ˬĴ˽ס
ֶǩˣ¶Ҳˡ
ͻ˳ҵ˹
ͱСߣЦҾ֪Ϻ¶
Ҳʢ꣺¡µôȻеġ
ԸѾʵһ
ͣ
Ը
Ȼ飬ǲǱʾν˳ҵ
һž۲֪ܲܣЩԸ

³壬ȥ
һĶ걧Сͷ֣ķӣһһ·
ʵ˼գٴף;ϲķ֣ʵҲôô
͹֣ʤ֡
Ͳòã˵壬ǰӱҲǰ޹˺ˡ
㶫ˡ
ü
һΣ͵ûֵʱְӷŵһõĵطεûץϹ
һֹ룬ԸоԽԽ֡
ռֱͻͽ˸һ
ͣȥ͵ʦˣ
Ȼְ㲻ĸˡ
ɣ˵㡭

귢֣Դѧ·Ҳ֮󣬺ԸˣĽǶҲǰḻࡣ
ֱĴš
ǰ¼ֻΣôڣҲܴӱ߽߱ǽǣԵ㵽ˡ
ǽˣ
ѧϰʱȫÿӲչҵˡ
һ·ڳ۹Ρ
żһ壬ڶգλƵ··ٷ´ıʼǡ
µ׸ϵ˾
ĻԶڶ³ˡ
Ÿߴĳţ˿øˡ
ųһƬۻƵЦ˵һ·
˵ǵʱ¹ѩһ·ûѩΨһһ껹ǰµģڶգ·ʱѾͣˡ
ٴȷ¡µ֮еġ
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ҫǹտʱһ
ôεԸɾȫʵˡ

˳ǣó֣Сľơ
һԵȡ
ȥˣվϸž
ʳǱеĻҪɣİգĳ
ǵͷһȥʱǵĳűǺǵİŶҪһЩ
񣬵˾Щָԡ
͸һǸСسִ塣
һƬǳôǾмľǸ߼ˡ
걧С߰غɼЦ治Ƕˣ˵ЩǶ
꣺
˵
ǡڴʱղŵŸ˹
Щ죬˸ǰ͸ˡ
Цعӿˡ
һ˭ˣϴδ¡»ңǷ͵ǣʱ߻кֵܺأҲǺóʱûˡ
뵽ˣ겻òпǰź
þò
˿˼䣬ǰͷ·ȥ֣

˵ͷһš
Ϊ֣ͷųϢˣ黭ʱ
ڳſںţŸҶ֪֣黭
һҪ
һһصԺ䣬̸֣
ͽ̴ӣ˳ȥ
͵͵һۣо㡺ţƵӡ
ڣû˸
̸֣鷿ǣǸССЦֿɰֻõСѾһء
һ˫Ĵۣۺؿꡣ
룬֪С䣬ܼǵѽҲ֣һ˵Ȼˡ
&gt;_&lt;
֣Цôǵˣ
һЦѽֻ룬뵤ҵĺ˭øÿһЩڿÿһЩ
꣺
֪ΪʲôҪԵˣʹҪôͺͷҪô͹ǡ
⺢СС;Ǹտأ໣ǿֵȡʤ黭
֣ЦŮСԴҿˣʢ黭ĪҪ׾ˣ˵ʲôҸҲ
üôоǸأ
ͷƤŲأŮȥѧϰˡ
֣һѽ˸˻ʲôСػҪ飬ʱ仹ܽ㡣

˵õĸҵء

֣Ůһ·
һᣬ֪´˺˴Ҷ͹ȥʱ䲻ˣǲȥϢһձСǹȥ
æл
֣˴ơ
꣺
ôĸо

˸Ÿղŵ̴һ̸
˳һյʱ䣬һΪСͬ
ͬĵڶǸסĵط
СԺүǰ˴ʱӮģǰʱؾʰ˳Ÿλסġ
ԭȻΪᰲס
ҪȥĻʱҲһסҡ
˼ԺͲôˡ
룬оŸһЩ
֣衣

СԺؼҶլӲ࣬ȴֳǰԺԺͺԺԺһŰ֮⣬һС԰
ȸСȫ
СԺɨѾӣȵС˶С
ԹԺɢʱ̲סֹȻǴ˼ңһ黭öá
ͣ

ʱȣڶգŶˣѴĶһȦ
Ҷǰʱյ´˵ţչչͣҶ֪סĵطһƸˣĻ͸ȥ
˵ͦɵģҶɵˡ
ιҶ¹ɽʫ¡
һʱ䣬ɲ¹ɽʫҪʼˡ
ԭҪѾ̨
˫һۣܴʦЦЦ߹ӣּˡ
ЦѽͦԵġ




93.  213-215   

Ҷ緹, 껹ȥĴ˼Ͷ
ȥС˵ˣ˾˾Ͷ˵Ѿҵס, ȥС˵һ
˳ɡ
ļ, ˹ְ֮, ͷһμ档
Ҫȥļ, ȸ˽һ¶Է
·, ǳͨ, ˳˳ı
ʱ, ˻û, ֪ǶʱͬѧرڼҳԸ
СǲҼ˵ʲôҲˡ
˵꣬÷복Ҳһ
֪໰Ҫ˵, ȥԸһ뿪ˡ
С, бﺰװû
СС߲ϵ, ĵСͨ, Сϲ, ʱָѣһͷø㡣
Сȥˡ
￴, Դɬһʦ֣ҿԴСȥ𣿡
ЦȻԡ
Сҧ, Сߵͷ˼䡣
ЦʦַģСôһᴳġ
ЦЦûӻ
ҧȶӶˣⲻдɶ

һ, Сôһ·廹𣿡
аҪ볡ˡ
ܵһʱӦаɡ
û£үѾ̫ҽƹˡ
ЦпʲôµĿƣ
СС
˵СԺʮݵĿ⣬һ״Ԫ
˵ͷ׵¡
ǿɵˡ
Сһͷ⺣һʱҲ֪ÿ޻ǸЦˣСⶼ硣
С²䣬˵˲ˮҲһ
˿һƪ̧ͷ䡣
ֺõĵ㣬Сϼϼʡ
֪ͺˡ
С߹ʱЦ磬ʦ֡ʦ֣׻ˡ
æеĶСһȥǶ
С·ϻ˽䣬ҵһвţڿ̿ѧϰĺӡرá
̧ͷͦأãɢ֮ˡ
۵һЦҸ˵ҵǼϲѧʡ
ͣ
˻ˣֵüֱ

֪ꡢȥϣɼرͻ
˻ǴǱģǱ׼ĺӡ
˵ʡľѹ󣬵ǧܹӱȻܹõʵҵѧʶ
˵ǵټСš
˶͸Ӻ档
˵ˣþͻˡ
ϧסĵطЩ룬˼Ѿʱˡ
޲˵ѧʣڿһ仨жá

˫һ棬Ӳ˺һᡣ
ͺˣûعһ£˲ǾСЩơ
￩һ
ڳΪ٣ؼھЩġ
Ӧòܰɣʵسò̫ġ
ҾǴ
С
ˣãʱ䣬ʱ߶ÿһ꣬˵ѲҲûܣǸɸɾԷʱ˹˹ġ
֮һ㶼ڡ
ЦСغСҲμӻԵİɣ
˵ͷ
˹˼䣬ڳԷʱ˵˵ž˵棬ǣ׳˼⣬һһԵۿˡ
ˣϲˡ
Ǹ֣ɾ裬֪ؾ͸˸Ȧ
뿪ʱѾʱһ̡
ͳѱڲùˡ
СϳգҴȥ
Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
ҿҲȥˡ
ЦǾͲˣʦЩ翴ˣ۹Ρ
Сͷ֪ˣռ
ˡ
Сһתͼվһ˫Ҳһȥɡ
Сšüʲôأˣһҡ
ҿԴװ
Ҳͷһβǡ
ŮԵҪûǰǰ̣ʱҪôɴҪôװͿˡ
ǾŮĸ࣬ǰ껹Ůѧ
ھŮ׵ͣǿ˲٣Ǵ棬Ůһʮ˾Żޡ
ʮſʼ׵Ĵڡ
˾Ｘ꣬ϴλû׽ģζҪ׽һ
÷ҪȥСȻе㲻˵ǿ˻ꣿ
ڵһ¾ͺ˵ʲôҾʦֵС
Сšüϲꣿ
˵ʲôҲûС
Сһסãǲǻ֪ʦʵѾ׺üˡ
֪
֪ͺãͷѧϰڼ׬ǮңТ˳ĸ
СòģһѴǶС¡
ܸ֮ɣֹѼľӵ˷¸ǱߺܴҵĻӭ
λͻܸĵĺӡ
رϱĻ˵Ļǡ˵
˵

껹֪ԼŵѾС˾
ȥʰһ£һо˰ʱСǶļ
͵ҪҲȥֿɡ
ͷоҲûʲôá
ϾͿˣСǶĿҲŹһݣٶȥ⼸ܰ⼸Ͳˡ
һЩֵͷϣһᣬͻȻ͵꣬˵ﳤ񣿡
е£šüëȻ˵ʵ񡣡
ĸСұŮӡ
˵ʱϸϸе˵ʲô
׵
˵ľ˾ʲôģҲ
μ˸ͷߣȻͰɾӵĸо˸ģرơ
һȭȥܰҵ֡
ҪȻǰѧʦҲῪЦ˵Ǻ߹ˣ
͵˵ҳҵ
ɾǻ࣬˵ʵƲֻƳѲס
˵ǾߵĴô֣ҶˣкüλˣܴҶĳ಻ѽ
˾һˡ
¾еˡ
˵ǲǱƭˣ
ǾȥģôĶˣ
⻹ôң
𼱣Ҫʱ֣
Ȼݲһ㣬֣Ŀǰʶߵһλ
͵ͷֻˡ
оҵ·һЩʱţ˿ˣ˾Ϳˣϸϸһ룬ԽԽԶˡ

ҲֶƸеˣʶҵеҪѶˣ㽫¸׵һߣȻˣǾͺúѧϰˡ
˵£һָԶˡ
ܹ˴ǣʱܰӹܵûҵĸ˵Ҳ÷ֿˡ
˸ޣʦԽԽˡ
ҰοĹ򶼸ˡ

ڶ죬ҪһȥģС־ͱȥˣȥ̫󡣡
֣ߣе˶֪Сʲôġ
ٿͣͲµʲôˡ
ȥҽλӡ
С´Ұͻ

С߱߸˽ܾһ֣ķӣ˳˳㽫·סˡ
˹ԺΧܾͷ֣ջջſվŵĻ϶ǶˣģҪô̫۹ΣҪôҲһȥ
С꿼
Կɲ̶ˡ
ܹԵĶǸʡеٮٮߡ
һΪ
ˣҲдСʮʡݡ
ǽԪʮһ¡
͵˵ʲô֣һһѡ
꣺
ȷʵǵҲֻǻŸ߼ͼͼȴĸ֡
СڹԺתһȦԼ˵ʱĵص㣬ȥߵһ·
ߵ·ӵͬԺҲͰʱ
ʱǴ·߾ͳɣǱ߽
룬ÿԼϵ·ˣȻ汻ȥˡ
Ҫٶȿʱʱʱò
֣˰ŵĵطõģ徻빱ԺԶ
ǱҪǿϲ١

˵Ҫȥի
Сڸˡ
ͷ˵ʶһͷһȥסǻңɼˣʱû֮⣬ʵ㲻ġ
뵽ˣеܡ
СҲ̾˿ʵɣжԶͷǺŲĵ
ԾףҲǲܡ
ǡ
Ҳʱ˲ãԭȴҶãʵ۰֣ǱߣһӶûؾ
֪ʥֱӰ֣ˡ
ֹھһˣǰҲˡ
֣Ǹбµģټ϶Ǳͬ飬ñ˸
ıķѣĽܵܣʮ䶼
ޱҲӲˡ
ڳĵˡ
Сһһ׵ģϸ˷һ顣
իʱ
һͷ١¡
ڵûġ
ȥƹ˵⣬ƹЦԭǴүǰʱţѾ˵ˣ˵ˣȥҡ
͵Ȳżǰү˵ˣȿ˻ٹȥǽչ뿴ûʲô顣
ƹеģеģǿ³Ŀƿϡ
ƹȥϰϡ
Ц֪λع𣿾ǻɼǡλī
ָָվڻǰꡣ
ƹе㾪û뵽عôᡭ
ЦĪǾϣ
ƹ񲻺˼ǰĻʦͶСˡ
ΪҪ飬ҪҲŲü·Ķˣ˭Ƶѽ
ͺߣҲĶˡ

իҲ顣
׼Ǯ뿪ʱͼЦ˽ǰɨһᣬһƹɼǵĵڶô
еؿ˹ȥ
ƹЦˣˣоͳ·ݣһᡭ
Щźȥһȥˡ
óƹôҲǮ
ӣ˰ɣܷһЩȡ·ݳһᣬԺÿ³һᣬЧá
ѹúܵͣ²ԶС
ҲѹﵹһԵģҿԸơ
ƹûҪ˸ȥȡ
꣺
㱻˰ɡ
СЦʲôܲˣŵܵĴưɣżʱٹȥҲ١
ƹЦⲻһư㿪ʼ֪ư鷳ˡ

긶ת뿪
ԶԶиЦ治֪鰮ʲôÿģǱ崺ˡ
²ţܳʵذŵԱߣ׼һȥˡ
Цð
١ôܻӭ϶ֻǸѵİɡ
ûƼʦֵģ֪дд
˵ֱеˡ
СҲ˵дرˣҾƲζ
꣺
ԣ˲ãߣ

Сֹ֣ǿʲôóԵĶ򣬿һͷʵڲ࣬ھլӣܲһֱס֣
ֻһСɽ髡
СЦôСƵģʲôԣ
Ҳǣر
͸հֽ⻰һʱ֪ˡ
ԸţԼﶪһţĵʦֲԣϴγҼצʱ򣬱˭ٶȿ죡
ֱǺƵģͶر
СٺЦͲˣؼԼѽ
Ա˵Ȼˡ
˵ŰҲ˹Ŀצӡ
̫Ҫˣֱֱ
С˹ٺЦһȥóԵĹӳԷ
ûǮ
СҵĵˣȻ͡

Ȼ˹ŷ֣һҺʹݡ
˵ʳﶼǴԶġ
ֹ۸Ҫ˻Ҫ
˸Żû뵽óʲôͼСһӰȥˡ
һѣǻǻҰɣվҪ³ˣʱʲô
˵˶ʲôʹȥˡ
ƵʲôѽǺ
ˮһҲûʲô˵ˡ
ҵʵ̫ˣúʳ亣ʣҸͷҲô
͵ҪҰɡ
СһҲԣһԻ˶ӣòʧ

˺ʹݣСһʱ벻ȥʲôˡ
ȥԹӰɡ
ոպá
СУϻ𡣡
ˣ
ܳԣǸܳԣһϼƣ˻ǻȥ԰ɣСһ档
ˮԵ

ԹСʱ仹磬ҪҪѧϰ
ͷ
СҾͲȥˣһѧϰһȥҵңִ
Ҳˣ˵رмɣĵĳŷأ֪ôһ仰ͽĿȥˡ
˹ĻǴСǶõľӡ
һ־Ӹչ꣬ͼС˸
ЦعӣСիСƹСĹȡعӵĻ塣
꣺
ٶȿѽ
ȻӦˣҲٲš
㽫һġѰ˳
ӻҪСߵճ
СǹæɣСˣϢˣСٹ߹ӡ
鷳ˡ
ССսб̫Ϊ᣺ôôҪؼˣһ϶飬׼³Ķ
͵֣Ծ֪٣
С֪Ķ֪֪ģҲ֪һ
˫һûйⷽĲӣ
ҼһҸˣļҲУҲ
ֿ˻顣
Ҳܼס٣ֻҪиŵӡͳɡ
ۿϾҪˣָоû
͵ôҷӦˡ
˵³ԣȷʵһܹ̬
ǰǼҵʱɣǶ˵ǵĳɼû⣬Ǹ⣬ǾҲǸӣڵ˾͸о겻һˡ
С֮䡣
ܸоĶ
ΪѧϰķʽһȫǿãסݣණԼᡣ
ټƽʱġ
СȫһԳһֱھʲô鶼ܵõһϣǾ鶼֪߰˰ˡ
һʲôӽ
СҲûڷܣû̿࣬˼һվⱲӲһܵĸ߶ȡ
ʦ֣иá
죬˭˵أ




94.  216-218   ++÷

Сڶڶ
ʱ˴ ֮, ˼ѡ
һžͽůЦҵ˵ˣҲô, ǰǵʱһѧϰЧʷǳ, ҵ⿼, ҽر, , Ҿ˵, һѧϰա
Ҳôͬˡ
һѾҪס, Ǳ߻, סůʲô
С˰ѶʰãȻȻⷽˣѲסԵڴϻΪβЦ󣿡
꣺
˿Σż

С˴ԼĶ, ݸ׼ÿҪȥĶ
Ϻõıīһס
ƤëϥƤëЬ桭
Ҳûʲô߳浹ʡ˲ٵ¡
¹Ժζţ˼İϡ
һ, ÿ, Ҫҹ
ʱĳʳҲ׻
Сҽȥʳ, , ǻҪöࡣ
Ǵһ̺ӳɲɣ
Ժĸʽһġ
հɣ˯ľ, ̸Ǿܴպһҹз紵ҲͦģȻ, ڣ紵ϼ죬оҲòС
СҪ, ô̫ණ
ҼҲ㣬ֶࡣ
˵ǰԳ˱īĶ
ӶͳһŵģʳҲǵʱר͡
ȻΪ˷ףʱ򷢵ıʲôĶر𲻺ãһһù֮ûȥɹֿһ꣬౻ӶùˣеıҧפõʱĿ಻ԡ
Ҽ忹飬Ÿˡ
Ҳ̫ĶС׼̺ǻëģ˵ϺõƤë㹻󣬿԰˶˯Ҳ̫䡣
ϴɹܶ飬һζû
˾׼¾ͳɣʱһһϡ
ͻȻе㻳ԡ
˵ҲǶ£ƽرůͶˡ
ʱҲر̡
˰СĵӣټСæ׼Ķ˳ʳҲʰˡ

С쵽³ߣ϶˰飬ȥˡ
ͺҲʼ׼ҪĶ
ʰãϴ˯ˡ
ҹҲ֪ʲôʱС˻ѣųֱӽ͵˹Ժſڡ
˳һ˯ȫޡ
Ųӵʦ֣㴩˼ѣ䲻䣿
ã
Һĵüû
Ҳ֪һʱӦôģһ˺ü硣
̺ϡ
Ҳ䣬ֱֵͷϣԼ˰Ůֻ¶һ˫۾վȺŶһһǰߡ
ʱһ
꣺

Եࡣ
볡ĸϸ
걻ĶҲһأȷûԽԱ߽ʰ˽ȥ
ǰεľ飬һ볡ʱ仹磬㽫ʰãˮ˻𣬶ͷԼɵʵʵ˯һ
ʱո
յˮڹཹཱུð
ϴϴһ£Żûȥéޡ
ʱ˳㽫Ⱥõⷹ˸⣬ԳԺȺСΧػ½ǣĿɿڴ
ЦЦӻû£ֽϴϴ
һͰľˮʼĥʲô
ڵû䣬ʳˣοҲֻǴ졣
ϴ̵˶ɵˣĺóԵġ
п⡢±ˡ⣬ͷ׼ɳԡ
̬رȡ
ܿúãԺá˯ãǶҪġ
ԣԽ
ʹԼȥ˿ʱǣоԼô
͵ôõĶˡ
οⲻǺѣΪǣ˲ˡ
ټϴΰԼǻʵʮ١
˵ѺһЩ
˵Сأ
겻˼Ҹоûźˡ
ˣ
СЦ˵ϴΪȣĶ׻ûʳȥԼֲУ˲̵̲ˣôųôЩ죬һ˶ˣԣδ˺ܶóԵġ
ΧС鶼ˡ
֣ŵĳرãͷ棬ֱƮ
ÿ꿪ŵζ
ǣһԽûȥֱǶȥˡ
һѾذЦȥɣ쿴˸ǡ
ò˵л
˳鷿ͼԶԶس֡
Сæ˸˻˸ǴӺߡ
е¡
СˣС·Ӻ԰Ĳųң˳С˿ǽȥԺ˰ɣ

ԸʣôƵģ
С˵ұһˡ
꣺
ĸҪá
ͻȻʱƼǼ˿ˣǲǾǼң
СͷұðɳȷʵƢҲʵڴúܡ
˴СͲԸɲ֪Ϊʲôó˷Ҫ޸
ֱ֣ǰһӡ
ΪҪ޸
Ƕ֣Сʲô£˵
ûУǾͦ档
СǺһ
˸ӡ

˵ĺʲڣҲʰ
붼ˮġ
˳Եͷ󺹣СһһͻȻʦ֣ҲСˣи㶨𣿡
ҡͷ
Դͯԣ׵˾Ͳ١
ź;֮͸˵ˣȫؾˡ
Ҳ˼ڡ
Ѱ£ϾҪģôҾ͸ˮǴߣЩҵΪǰ⡣
գٷ˷СľϵСӡ
һҶϸƹϸԱȹ
æѰѹأȻԽƵϸԽǷͷ
ԣⱲӻܲҵܲܳףǸδ֪
СҼô
ͣ
˵ûӵĲѧҲСŸ׶ϰֵģҲãŮû˵㿴Сļѣһȥǻͷʳߡ
꣺
ҵĶá
Ҳ˲
Сѣ£ͦġ
͵֪ãԼ䲻ϡ
СԵеˣеࡣ
ץ͵ĪҲǾˣƷҲ
ʲô׽Щû׵ģ֪֪ס
룬ҵĸĶ֪֪ʲô

С϶δ÷
Ҳûô극ȥիɣϴθĸҲ֪ôˡ
ûิӣɽϲһ꣬װװһ·ɳ֣˻ҵ˫յĹ¡
Լо
ǰɼûȺӦò̫һ
СպãǴ־ܵ
˱߱ͽֱߵľɫ
ֵȺƼżҳҪ˵СѣȻԼʱڻ¡Ը
Ը˳˳ȫʵˡ
·ϻǿڼ䣬ǿԵĺֹ֣¶Ȼ˲٣ůڵĲɹ˯ˡ
ҹ¸˳˳
γžûôʱڻǡ
ǣŵԸʵˣʮá
ʮĿǰõֵĸѽʣˡ
µĶʮʱڻ¡¾Ǯ
뵽ˣĬĬ˻ᣬ̫ˣǮԼûȥһ֣ת־ûˡ
ʦ֣֪𣿡
˵ǮҲʳԲǡ
СˮǱ߾һǸŮͯ
ô˵أŮӾӶɣǰǹģ󲿷ֶ˹ǺԽԽ࣬ҲȫҵʿɣǱ㽨˸á
ʦܴȥ𣿡
СôСѾͷ
£ʲô
㲻ѾͷȥǶʲô
ЦҪҲС˰ɣѾͷʲô
ȥԸģ
֮ǰԸ˵һ£˲䱻˸ˡ
ѪǺ˷ѡ
ҲûɣһԸ˹ˣһ·Ҳ˳˳ɱʲôΪ׸ϴʵڶˡ
ͣ
òͦе
ң˵٣ûʮ꣬˭֪ô
ԣ˳˳˳˳ҵھڶЩҪġ
СȷʵԸʵڡ
˵ȥǶ
СͷβҪȥ𣿴ʲôʱȥ
͵컹Ըɡ
С𾪣ѵͬԸ
͵ıȽѡ
ҵøĸžۣϣܺһԸϣ˳԰ɡ
ںͨСԸȣ졣
Σڶھˣ
СȻô˵Ըǻûʵ֣
ͱǿϷıŪ
굹Ǵܲ³ʲôԸЦλʦվһˡ
Сû⡣
ʱŵʱʱҸɳһˣһ뵽ƼǸãҪ
С˵ԼǶһ㶼СӰ㻹û˵ôûָо
ͣ

Ӳʻիڵ֣Щ߲ˡ
Сֻó򽫳ͣһԣ³˹ȥ
һ·϶³Ļᡣ
һʱ䣬ɲիÿ³»ᡢ֮
ǡĵڶҲǰˡ
û뵽Ǯô࣬իҪͷˡ
˽ţͼƹæӣС飬вģֱ˱Ķ
˼ƹһʱ˲ǣ˸λãȷ
ƹæϵһ̧ͷƼڽ￴顣
Ĩ˰ѺǰЦλôˣ
ҹϴδǶõġѰû
ƹӸ
ƹһȥ˺ԺĿͷ
ƹŵǰǱɼǡģǴҶʷرп㣬Ӣ۵Ĺ⣬һرܻӭ
ԣҸǼ۸񻹲࣬ǰǮ
ڶһͱˡ
ĿǰǱڼӽӡơ
ⱾѰһǸŮ˵Ҳ鲻ԣŮô󵨵׷ʵڲ˵۹⡣
ƹҲ׼Ĺ³ȥ֮󣬹ǻ᲻ˡ
ϾֹͬɳĹ£˵ҲУЩսʱǡ
ҪĻֶ뻰һ
ɣ˳úˣưӡˢ
˵Ļͦ򵥣˻Ҳô׵ġ
ԣƹ˼ǰǱɼΪ
ˣǻأҴȥɡ
ƹ˼ѽҪҲûⷽ塣
ֻᣬԿĶһЩ
Ȼû¶ҲҼС߻ճȻǾˡ
ƹ֪ʲôʱ򽻺ĸأ
Ҫư鷳ӡˢ浹ͦġ
¸µװɽᣬʱڵȰʱ仹ͦģ֪껹ǰ㷨һ𣿡
ƹģիйأǰĸģҲ5%ǵͻǧĻǻᵽһ
Ŀǰһȥǧݡ
ڶʱ侩ٱݡ
Եĳ뾩ȫܱȣϲ˵ɣٷݣеĸҲֻʮݣôۺҲǧ౾ˡ
ֻܿչˡ
ˣлƹ񡣡
ǧ

ԼĻˣ˳ſûʲôȥ
СѸӸˣûҪ
ͷ˵ϱԲ̫һҲ֪ܷóȥ
Сҵǻ֪һңҪȥԣ
аɣȥǲоˡ
ֻСߵд漯ˡ

С˹·ھ͵Ŀĵء
̧ͷһȻǳ֡͢
꣺
Сҵ뺲ԺԴЩ飬ֻҪֳʲô飬͹ȥ
ԣС˵Ĺ⣬ܷ⻭ȥ
꽫ڻǲϽš
ˣȥаɣ
ǣѾܲ˼ˣĻܴ˵ѽʲôˡ
˵ȥͲȥ
ƹС˽ȥûС¡
ֵţСεҪȥһҰɣһ֪һңҵĻǶġ
ʵҾðɣƹ˵Ҳе˵ŮԵģŮԹҪС࣬Ƴָز˱
СȻ㲻ˣưɣһȥôո
Цѽ
ǵһӣϺԼСøĵһô

˵ˣڶһȥá
ξʮ
СֱӾ£ҪǾʮأǴȥ̫㡣

ڶʰãҵĳʱ˳ȥһƿӣͼλһλһλû
Ӹ
ͷǸ
ʦ֡ʦ֣˵ǽҪȥãұһȥƣܷʲôæġ
Ҳѣһȥõĺӡ
Ӧһ
Сé޳վڳЩ֪롣
һѾ˺ͷĳ
ų˿Ǹұá
һͲǰɣ
ҡͷûϸ
͸ûҿˣһˣһӣŵͷһҪСԱߣסĲˣ㻹øˡ
Դղ棬˴˿͵޹ġ
һǹǱСģһĲ΢΢һЩ
Ȼû˳˳ССӸ˵ŶýҲˣúúñֱ֣ʲôϵˮ¥̨ȵµĵ㶮ɡ
ӢˣҲǲġ
λֵһ÷򶼺á
ͣ
ҾͲͬ㡣




95.  219-221   ++ 

, ŷĺӱеĻҪࡣ
ʹСԺ廨
СЩģҲܰæӡ
С˵׬ǮԼա
ƽʱѧ, ѧЩ, ûᱻȥѾ, ˻С, ˵Ҫʱ, Ϊϱ, ͨѾͷʲôġ
ִһǡ
õĹҲǰˮ۵ĵ
, Էæ𣡡
ŵӸ, ְʱһЩСָԺĺǡ
ƹｫԼѡͷ֮Ҳ˳
СƺϲЩҼһ𣬻ֵػȥѡȥˡ
꿴ۿᡣ
֮ǰʮۡ
, ʮ̫ˣʲô⡣
ô, ÿһֲ
ǡʱ, С̧ˮͰҡҡλε, С, һͰˮ̧һ, ػغüˣ˰ˮ
ͺСȥæ
ͻȻ, Сһǵ⣬Сæлӡ
, Ķˮأȥ
̫ðɣ
ֵˡ
ûʲôõģǹǰæ
С졣
СѾǮȥˡ
ø㵹ǰԼ˰ɣ
һۣҵ裬˼Ҫ𣿡
ǹöŮˣ˸

ƹǱߣСһ廨ļա
˰ˮ׵ˮˣְŽԺˣ۾ܿĻȫˣʱ´λ𣿡
ЦӣȻʱӭġ
˳С̲ס²۵˼һӭ㣬Ϊ㼴Ǯ־˵ģҪҲӭ

ȥģЩСôʱĻ
ǱĻˣԼ˳ɲ֪ӵĶ˸͵ˡ
󲿷ȴһͱˡ
ΪԶʱʱ˰Ѻֱӱˮſڡ
ǣĺҲԽԽࡣ
ʹһЩģΪżֻزȥҵġ
߰ģÿ϶һα˵Ĺ¡
͵Ժʱܹǡ
С˵ÿǻ򵥵֣飬Ժ˹ʱ֪ǿڳʶָױѡߡ
͸оǹֹ԰æˮ
ȻѾͷ̺ҲǹΪʲôǲõģ
СֵʲôǸõģ
걻ʵһʱ˵壬ǸоȻʶˣΪλҪȥ˸ϵѾͷиõѡ
١Ҫǵʱͬȥ˵Ů
о˵Ҳá
˽ҲһܹţϾʱӴ˾Ͳһˡ
ͬе˿Գ顢еȴֻÿ׬һԼȻҪ¡
¥ģΪȥҪŮͣ߶Ůˡ
˷Ůӡ
Сȷʵ
ʵȥ˼ﵱˣô׵¡
ֹҪֽҪ˵
ҲֻǸɨСѾͷ۵ĻٵǮ
ԼߵѾ۸ɡ
е˲׵ľûˡ

ԼԸһ㲻롣
˸ˡ
ôʱصѾ쵽δʱˡ
Сƨɺ滹ԭ쵽ٻȥģ
ֻӲͷƤʦִһǾ͵Ҽҵ˵¿쿴ˣոǷ
޿Сˡ
͵ȥҿһ£׼׼
ϴȥիƹӵ϶
ʮģС꣬ԣȥҵҲô׵£ؼͿЩ
ǰڸѧʱһһ
÷࣬Լһ˸ֻ
Ժǲǵȫ춼Ǽң
ԭ˻Ϊÿȥ죬ǰѧһԼʱˡ
ܻһѧϰ⣬βѧʿ϶á
һ룬ⶼݳˡ
͵չȥٿɣҾݹĿǰȸˡ
Ҫǹ˻ԣô⹤ꡭ
һأЦʦõ룬ڽǵʱԼҲ¸ϰһ飬ָԼʱ̡ܸ

ڸҵĺӽ׼
ҲܻԹü顣
ǣְǰʱ˳鷿۵λá
ڶ죬һȥҡ
ʱæµ緹֮ǰСܲ극ԺСһ˶ֱŰıͣ
ʦ֣ô


еҪá
Ҳֻһ
ԭȾţֻʹλȥˣ̵ʹĺӣµĸСľһλ̡
ӡӣһʮģһʮ
˼³
ڵǾˣȻλˡ
˸ö鶼ˡ
ԣ˽ӵļװ࣬ĿԡԣԺԡ
ܹһͶܵõ
ĿǰһҸӡ
Ǳڸѧʱ򻹶һұסģ˵Ŀǰסĵطרһ
Ҳûȥʹھҵһ¶ӡ
͵ҵļ۸ֻ಻٣͵ġ
Ҫû飬˽ӣտʼϵѧġ
ڣصѧȥѧˣɼҪԡ
ҲǣʵϰںʽԱвأοְҵҲڿ췶Χ֮ڣЦЩˣϲơ
ԭˡ
ڵҸˡ
ЦŽˣ룬ܷˡ
ϼǸġ
ǿʡ
ϼƽؿɲһʲôƽܹͻ׼ģڸǹԣеûˡ
ǶˣǶ𣿡
͵һһɣ˵ˣÿϹȥ̰죬ʲô⣬ҡ
ûȥң˳һжԶ
ĬһԺԶһӡ
꣺
ԣϸ࣬ʮӡ
ؾ͵öСʱ

˻ȥ˵µͼ򵥳˸һˡ
ûСߡ
СԺ໽֪Ҫţɿܳһ仰˻ղȥˣȥȥͻء
СͦίǰСˣһľҪŲĶԷ
Сߣ
С߸ίŤͷҡƨߺߵˡ
ͺЦƢԽԽˡ
ЦɲǣҵĻˡ

С߲ģеŤ
ң鷿ء
С˱߱ߵҵպȥˡ
Ťͷʲôˣ
Сҡͷ֪ǲǺԺԴˡ
ԴںԺѾʮˣҪһĽʿںԺʱ򣬾;ˡ
ȥ˵ĹϵһֱûϹ
ԴǰСµġ
ͷֱ
͵˵ÿĿٶӺԺһ֡
СѽԴ˲μӹüεĴǣһо顣
Сôһ˵˲ɵö
ҪԴܸۣôεĿԳɼҲͰ˾Ųʮˡ
鷿Ǵҳ
˼ˢˢվǶЦǵϷ򶼿ˣдû㲻
ڹ߰˷ֵĴ𰸡
µĶ֣͵ÿˡ
СΪھྩ﷢£һλؾصһЩ̫չ
СҲͦá
˾ûܹĸʷǳ󡭡
ͣ˵ûС·͸Ҳ˶٣и۵ǳãǰһĸо
Ĵǲٷ̫ϡ
͵ֻõġ
˻Ǿ仰ˡ
鷿ţ˿ؿСˡ
ΪҪ̡
Сҵ˵ϲʲôҲ˵̫
ǻ鵣εģλһλǺԺѧʿһλǹˣһλͦϵģǴѧʿ
ϲķ񲻷˵ܹļж󣿡
ԼϲС˵Ƿַӿȥ
ںôֻҪϲӲͷƤ
Сİɣֻ٣ˣѧʿһڷ㣬˾Ͳ˵ˣ밡ϸµȥ
꣺
ͦо

˵СǶ
ʶؾ˶㣬һøϵĲϼƵġ
ƣʵʦСû𣿡
ЦûС
ʵڲ˼СˣҺ԰ĳ㣬ȥιһӾ⵹ˣÿˮֱӲʳ
˼ǹ㰡ٶαԹˡ
ΪźһСȹء
ͣ
ȻɣŮ˵á
Сһֱͷ˵һ£ʾ˵ʲôѷͷˣһһʱûסֱӳײ˹ȥ
һûüһżСһѣˡ

عζʱѾѩƵģͨһùѹ棬С۵Ƶģƨλˡ
һͷö˫ȵۡ
ͣ
һ
ǣ԰۾ˡ
һᣬڱСͯӵİվ
ͶһźƨƵ
Ҳ̧ͷκĸоﲻιȥ䣬ʦ֣оô
ҡͷ
һͿϣСʦ֣ʦֿ̫ܲܲܰæҸ򣿡
С
Ǳˤˣ
˵ţ˹һַסߣһߵȥҸ򡣡
Ӧһתܡ
ͱ˷ſż֪û£ǸղûվȣЩ˼
ˣ
ʦû°ɣ
ͻ䣬
˲оֲˡ
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˵һС˸ϵ˴ϡ
ڴ˫糺죬۾ؿͣСҲϰµģղҲͳ˵仰
ûԼжѽ
ôͻȻ
ʦôˣƽʱͦõģ
ޣҾеΣΣ
Ӻܿͽ˻һҲûʲôëģɵ˵һ䣬仯ָղμԣ˼ѹЩذɣϷ»ƽľҩȺȱˡ
Ƕȥժľջ裬ʦֵǿԴȥһЩ
˵žѾȥˡ
Һһҩһȥˡ
ʱҩСο𼱣ҵ˵ʵǵţɱżϻģر𿴺㡭
˵ŵһСջüɫƼûöã
ҪΡ
æַסʦͱˡ
Сۣʲôá
ԸоС˵ʱ͵е
һۡ
С̲סЦ
Ϳϳ̲סߴꡣ

ֱ뿪ҵĺͬϵȶȲŻ
ĬһСʦϲ
ڵһֺˣڳﰵ̫һŵ˵
ǰʶСƢá
ǾסСڶ߶ԽĿﲻ˼ˡ

С£ʲô룬ԽԽá
ͷʲôЧӦţ
ɭЧӦľͰЧӦ
֮˸һ㰵ʾԼͱƫˣھָо
ʦ֣ҾðɣҲʦһء
Ҵһ㶼û¶ʲôչȥǻ˵ѧټƼסء
С˵©ˡ
Աû˼˾ƵߣĸֽĿ궨ϡ
ƹء
СϲƹƹӵҲϲƼҽףˣûԵİ취߾ȹ
͵ס
ԣҾǼЩ˼û뷨
Ȼû뷨Сʾ뷨ˡ

;Ժȥҡ
׬ǮҪҵҪ
հӹǾ͸ˡ
ҵ׼³ģǣȵի˷⣬εĿȥ³һˡ
ϻȥһѧϰ˰ʱ˯ȥˡ
͵æ
Ҳൽˡ
ȥҵĵ죬֣Сӵ
֣һһŮ
ӱŮжʮһǳͷʱվԱһͷ
֣˼Ȼһǽֻ̣ҲǷţ黭ξȫˡ
굹νϾ˼ҸǮࡣ
ϵĿر࣬ϸһƿγ̱ÿĿΣһȫ磬ôһ㣬һҲĿΡ
Ȼ֣ĹǮÿȴ
һʮ
гסĵطѾͷӰ˺ü
оԼⴿռ˼ҵıˡ
ǣر𲻺˼ǲ̫
Ҳûʲôˡ
֣ЦǾùⲻȥǾͺúỵ́ȡڽʢϣõõΡ
ϴξ˵ʲôʢ䡣
ٴֵʲôգ
֣ÿ꾩ٰһǰͷںͷȤҲܲμӡ
ЩеģϾƽʱѧĶֻҪͲʮĶܲμӣʵ˵ˣҲһֱףԼҶŮ֪ȡ
ͼϲ죬ҺǰͷһβμСЩʢġ
ѧһŬүͿΡ
Ŭƨ֣ҪŬĲǺô




96.  222-224   ǩԼ+ϰ

ϿεʱǷͰˡ
չԼϿʱ֮, ˳˳˵һڿΡ
صʱСѾһʱˣ, Ͷһ
Ϳʦ, ͷŹҰɣ
Сòã
æûе, ֻ֪Լ䲻
Сһ, ӼԱ, ʼԼϵĵ, ˵, ҵﶩ׵ʱ, ҲǸţ֮Źľˣҳ֮˽ʿ浱ʱƷͨ, ҵ˵ǾҵǱ
ҵҾҲ̫ãǴһЩ
Ѫ, Ʒ˰, ɸ
ֻһ, мĲɴ, һǾһǵط١
Ҫţһء
СҲҵǿ˲ֹһѽ
, ҵøѧˣҪôԼ飬ҪôСԺһᡣ
С
㵱ǹ

ʱ, СԺﶺСߡ
С߽ûţ鲻ǺС, 
ŪˣŤͷҪҧˣСŵѾӾܡ
ų˹ȥһײ껳
СЦ˭Ƶġ
С߸µĽһԼĴ󳤲Ӵļͷ
ʦֽôпչˣ
С£
ƣûС㲻ʦֵİɣ
СȷʵأǲӦ
ʦѵ븸ĸһ𣿡
ԼðͣһͬˣİˣҴһŲ֪Ľֹƿɲô
㵽͸ʧˣˡ
СΪֻԼ˼
ҪǱ͸˿ڷ磬ô
ǱߣҲ䡣
Сû˵ǵ˵ͷǾջҲǰ׸İɡ
꣺ԣʵͬģ
С˵ҵҸ÷򣬼ҾòΣ붼Ŀǡ
ƼҿɲƹڹӼ顣
Ǳߵѧֺüأε࣬Ǯȥġ
ƼԭȿǼңƸǹƲСġ
ƫƫЩƴ˷չĲ˳˹λԽԽȣŮСССͱ˾ˡ
ƹӿ˺üζԺԣСرɶˡ
ŮδأƷĴԱ俴Ůǰʱϲ˹λȴŮ˲٣ϲˣʲôѾۻᣬôȨ׶ˡ
ҲС˵ˣ껹Ҫϲ١
ڶŮȫѹ˴Ů
ԭƲǼҵĸֶŮҲõˣˡ
Լ׽㣬˵տʼȷʵϼ׺ãһ˷͵ˣһʱҲʵģⲻ͸պԶ
귭˸ۣ㵱ʲôˣԶ⻰
Сܲ˵µİɣ
˸£µ¸á
ǰͷ˵ĸأ

ûᣬСߴͷ󣬾뿴ͺԼ֮ûôһ˼
ҪеĻԳɼʽˡ
ûУ˭ҲΣֻҴӺûϳɣŮҲҲûʲôʧ
ͷʹһļ򵥵鶼ܸ

ȥϴ裬ȻԷѧϰһϻϾ͹ȥˡ
֪СͰ͵ظ˷䣬ſЦ㻹ûιء
죬۲ۣл˵
һϿΣΪҲǳѧĥѧʲô̶ˣִֶӻƲ
ſҪڽʢõΡ
ڲͬģˮʻ֡
Ȼһ˶ͦȤ
ˮʻҲѣص㽲˲빹˼½ڿδ㽲ɫʵá
õΣǵʱóˡ
̾ϢԭΪϱУ϶ȱķݣ࣬ڿô£ֱӽ̼ɵСء
ͷҲؿѧأڡ
ѧ˲ͬ꽲ʱٶеѹġ
ղڳﶼˡ
Сȷʵͦ۵ģҲûӣЦ˵ϢҲ˵һλǿի𣿡
ɲǳܵ͢ģԼҵġ
һǱ׬Ǯġ
ġ졷˵ǻȥԼʵùȥѿҪҪ
û뵽͹ȥ֮󣬶Է⼸쿴ˣòձˣϣǼҰų
Сɼǡ
ҪٲŪõģǴ򲻹Էˣⷽĵ̡
ϸˣ
ҵƹ˵ˣⱾ᲻硶ɼǡ
ϱﶼر˭δƹ
СϸˣҲ룬ߵжˣ
˺ðɣ
ǲжַ֣ʱͷˣҲһˡ
˶ãҲֹģѰ̽յģ˵ŮӽǣرʣЩ񰡹ȫһ
Ů꾫Ѿдˡ
ֲͬ磬ǰһ
ؼ껭úá
Ů쪣ǿɰˣװֵķ棬һһ۾ˣҵƹ˵ʲôʺ˿ôá
ֻҪŮ͹ˣʲôݡ

걻ֻˡ
ЩģҴ̨Ȿ
Ҫǳȥûʲôˮ˶಻˼
Сֱţǲ
ͷȻǾ˻ģΪǾˣܸо̫˼
ƨ֣
СϽʰãһȥի
꣺

ϴ˸裬ɾѡ
Ĵ׶죬һȥի
СԷ˵ˡ
ӾիţǽţЦǰǸˣҪٲҶȥˣ⻭εõ֡
Ͳ⻭ȥ
ЦַİɣҲһƹ
Сʱ˵ˣǹϲģһŮ컥ɳһ·֣ѰĹ¡
Ůʵ룬ֹõɹ׷
Ƿǳ־һС£ƪӦòܳ
õ󣬾üļƹ񣬻нǶˡ
ѾҲˡ
ƹǾãŮӺ÷ʡ
Ŀǰȫһ
Сȴ˵ϲǼҵһ˵еӡ
׷Լ룬ٴѣ
ȡóɹ
Ѫڵġ
ʵĸʲôʱ򣬿϶СҲΪʲôŮ˲
þŮ
ټϱķǱȽϿġ
븸һۣ¾Ŀ궨Ժȷ
ؼĻرÿ˵ĸо
ǿ˴֮ϲ
ô˵ǳ׷ߣһѴĲӵǲǺȣ
е㲻ԡ
дһ飬ЦȻĴ䡣

Լǩͦ˳
ļ۸һ
Ȼ۱ʱܷһ
ȻҴ̨֣ͬƺе㲻ס
˲뵽һʡߡ
߰ɣ
˿죬ֿ˿ֽд֣Ц𡣡
Ҫõ彴ѼƸ
ߵٶҪǱ߿졣
ĿºҲǱߵĵһҪϵ֮ǰ
ЩͲ˽ķΧˣⶫֲǵư棬ɨ衢Ͷð棬ԳCTPϻӡˢˡ
˵ͷܶ඼˹̵ġ
һ꣬ʱ̲ˡ
ͷѾǻӡˢˣǽʡ˲ٵʱ䡣

ǩԼɹҳ˿ȫ
ȥ·ϣԲĹĵĶƤпѡ
ʱ˶ƺֻŷˡ
͵ô
ָѧ˻ԣ˳㽲յ⣬ЩˣѾˡ
ãֱҪ̫ɡ
Ǯ๤򵥣ѹе󡭡
ͺˡ
֣ŮôʱôÿֻڿΣͷͺ
͵ǵ˱˻ԡ
С˶ҵˣΨʲô¶ûС
һ󵨵뷨
⼸һֱõ£СҲСѧϰ廨ġ
Լ֣ǲ׬ǮͨҪöˡ
Ȼܽ̿ΪʲôܽЩС
Сѻȥ
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ԷˣжǮѧЩ
Ҫī̼ͳɡ
ùڵϻҲС
ƼϻõľüʣüʻƵģϣȥҷǳϴ
ˣ
ôؾˣԺÿȥΣСﻭɫʴ䣬бҪһЩ֪ʶҲԡ
˳ʶЩ֣Сȥ˵С檵ͷ
ʦ֣鷳һæҪͼĻҡ
СͷԼȥˡ

͵Ĺǳ׶
֪͵˶µס
ոСι˳Եģ׼ͷȦͼЩ첻Сţ˵֣ȥġ
һôͳˣ
û׼ʵء
СҲʱ򡣡
˶࣬ʱ껹졣
Ŷһ֪ʦȥˣҪǵȵȥ
Со⺢ӵеɵˣҲУճ̫ˣǵȥҲһġ
˵ͻ
Լ˱飬ȴô
ʻ˻ˡ
ҵĻҵģκһûء
Ҳ֪˶ãű׼ڶԻдʱͷСʦܡʦܿӿˡ
꣺
ΪҤѽ
û²꣬ͷĵ

üˡ
ͨһǿŴʯôȥ
æеıʣſڴ˳ȥ
Сܵÿ죬µ»һֻ죬ֻ赹ˣȻ죬һ䣬ûڡ
ͼꡰ顱һײſϡ
ԺһȺˡ
˵һ¡
˲µСҲײø¸ֱС
СЦѽλʦܡ
꣺
ûʦ֡

׼õĺϲǡϲȵȷǰϲۡ
춯ֵھӶɼѾչˡ
ֵȺ뿪¶ͷ
ѽʹ
һƣȻһ飬ײ˵ƤֱѼˡ
СЦû¶ҵϲ졣
Ƕһ߱Ʊƣһྐྵӣ֪ο϶ҲϰˣҳɼҲȻһʣСܲôһ
ʮڣ
СͷŸպʮš
˵ģеĺá
ԴһˣͣϴǵĳɼܵǰʮڸоͲˡ
û뵽ǰʮ
˵Сепġ
ƽʱԽ̵ʱʱԴ˰ѰѹأȻʲôĶ̵ְֽģʹˣãҲʱʱָһ
˵ΧǴУСطȫһ
ˣõҲˡ
ż´ָһ
εĳɼǰҲǰʮ֮ڡ
ĳɼټͣԵֻá
Сǳ˿
ĸǰҲȻؾܾˡ
ʦô
Ӧÿ˰ɣ

ЦòỹŴðɡ
СڲдˣոУɼãҪٲ֣ԺȲˡ
һ⻰û⡣
͸ղţھӿᣬ˵ûԼʲôֶŮŮŮġ
ʵʵ˵
ھǾһÿϧӡ
ĵɲ
ָǱѾʼˡ
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˵һһᵽҪͳԷ
ѽ͡
Ǹֻͳɡ
Сÿߵĸ졣
СЦȻѾ֪ɼˣСȻȥүˡ
½½ھӹϲ
ҲԹ˺񣬻׼˵˵ܷٶȿһЩʱһӡ
˵أͼիƹ˹ͺˡ
˫һ棬һ㶡
ӷӦ졣
֪ɼǡдģƹȷӦЦѽƹ񡣡
ƹЦû뵽ӽҲˡ
عǺѣ֪ոˣϲģ˳پƳԡ
ƹ˵ʲô
߰ɣǼҺ벿ֵĸӸˡ
߰ɣûʲôдʡ
ϻӣһֻ׶죬ƺŶ컭أһʱˣǡѰǻԼҶô
Ǳ߳Զ졣
һûһģעȫֵµĻϡ
ƹһֱߣЦƹﲻæʱӦǽӵ˰ɡ
ƹЦȷʵ֪عæʣǵĲʲôʱܽ
Ҫ·ݲų¸µ׽Ӧòٰɡ
½ˣ¾ǵԣ˵ԻÿʿоʱʵǺܶࡣ
ƹǾͺãǾͺãæſԣ˱ɡ
ˣһÿھزǡ
ڹ˻ԣ治ܵԳɼΣ֮·Ƕˡ
ںԺ꣬ھǵ򷿲ɡ
ܺƤ˼֣ķӣԺˣҲˣһ˶䷿ʲô
ƹЦӻ˵ڶ˰ˣűȵһʱúãŰ¹߰˰ٱء
л¿ͻŵһҲȥˡ
ǧָտɴ
ʱͻ߲٣ǰͷǧǻǻӲġ
˵ţͼСȥεǴ˺ģԻ˶
Цϲϲ
͹˻ԣ˵ˣ׼˲ѧϲ
룬ⲻѧѽ
λﹷҪڼҽСһһΡ
ƹε
֣Ӷˣﻹ˵ϴ߸壬˵һﻹæأת뿪ˡ
ûߣһȴϰµġ
ôҲû뵽Ȼ֣Һӵ
>_<




97.  225-227   +

½½ϲһһ
ͻʱ, ҶǶ˰Ѻ͵
Щͺģݡ
ϴֻɨһۣС, »Ļ, Ա߻һ, ͷһ, Ƶϸ
СҲˣ
ӿ湻ѽ
, ˵⻭ÿ, ҸϽ󻭡
, ֵ, ˶ʱ˶ûͣ
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ʵĻ, ɵҲ£λѧĴߴ, ֻóӦˡ
ɲصùġ
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ҲһЩ, ˭֪һ֡
Ҳʱɶ໭һЩ
ᶼǹ, ˶̼ѾǦûʲôˡ
ôʱãҲҳһЩš
Լָ̼, ԺϿר
ţûôʱˡ
·Ҫԣһµĸϰʱ䡣
ȥ֣ϿΡ
, ҲżʵڲУ³һҲԣֻҪãû˵ȡ
ЦİɣΪѵġ
˼ӳרܲܺ˼ϸɡ
˵ߣһСߡ
С߸µĽһԼСԴҲ϶£ǻӦˡ

ǳɾˣ

ҵĳʱ͹ˡ
ͶҲһȥˡ
ﱧСߣĵСܸһȥסұϰýʵʵģƯСȹӡ
΢΢ЦʵǼСǸкӡ
ΪСΪֻµĸ죬һһŮĽС
ؼһ˱ˡ
ѧʦǾһ𾪡
ϡ١ǼɰʱʱССȹӸѾûԱˡ
һ⣬ǰҷƼҺɫѡ
û취͵Ķܽܡ
ȻԺ˸ѡ
ѾνˣһֻŮװж졣

ң֪ġ
ԹСдǼԼ͸ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôһʱͲŻ
춼͸ˣۿҪ˲ŷ˻ȥ
λƵĳҵţС꣬˵ǴӦǲӦ
ϲ𣿡
͵ͷ
꣺
˵ʲôЧӦ
ӵڴӦӦÿ˼
겻⣬㲻ϲΪʲôҪһﲻͬأѵͷ
ͱʵһ㶣һŵҪﲻͬ⣬ҾҲɲˡ
ʲôݣλ׹ݣǸ˽ӣ޹ί
Ҫﲻͬ⣬Ǹá
˵𣿡
͵ͷ
Ϊ˵ˣҲûͬ⣬
껹˵ʲô
ָӵ飬ʵڲӦ

˻صң˺
һǻ͵ģѧҺͳ´˼Ҳ˹
һ˻ȴû
СµСҲ֪˭ôæհɣҲ˵ֻ˵˾֪ˡ
ؼҶ꣬ûͺеˡ
һϣ˷Լʱڻط¥档
ط¥ϴСȥǱ߳Թϵʡġ
ɼԷ֪ϰ߳ԵĶ
֪ˣлл㡣
СæӿˣСӦģˣǽյĺ
ֲǱˣյ񲢲ࡣ
ϴΰݷùļ˼֮⣬Һˡ
Ҹ˫ݵģΨһңһǵԼꡣ
͵Ī˿ˣ
ЦЦûӻ
оء
ѶᵽϸַҲͨķı
вʲôû
ɼرӻؼҺӹò˳
̾˿ѶպãҺ˵ƣеͷؽᣬ˸裬С°æСϴϴԼͷ˯˹ȥ
һ˯ü㣬һǵڶճʱ
͸ֽյůůġ
С֧ŵСԴЦϺѽ
£
ʱѾȥҡ
оԼأϸɵЬӸ˳ڰװã˳װʮƱһ
Ҳ֪ھ˼Ҵ˼ĸһµ
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Ҳô
һ·˺ܶ࣬С߶û
ҲûԼ˰ʱ·ŵĿĵء
˷ţС¥
Сţ͹٣ȵ˵ˡ
˵ձ˵һԣ˳
ܿͷһŲϢŴ򿪣˫һۣͼغۿվͷ
С˻֣С뿪ʵ꣬

شҲжδˡ
һ棬סһ
ͷ˲٣Ҳ˲٣ǰЩӣһ˲ͺʮС
͸ɥ
ؽ䣬ֿٽŸϣ˺С
ŷ֣ˡ
Ϳм֮
Щģӡеػ߷ء
΢΢Ц꣬д󲮸
һ¡
ĿɨˣٿԱ΢ֳڽֵأ˲Գ죬׵ġ
ʱǰ;δ
ؼӰûã֣ߣǻø˼ͨȥ
˻ԣؼˡ
û˵һ£꣬Сͷû游Ӧõġ
ȷʵһμ档
΢΢һ㶣òʺãүáүãǸƽģǰܹ̫үĶݣȥݸõģֻΪ뾩鲻˳ûܹǡ
غһ죬һŵ꣬ǲǻڹң
Ц̫ү˵Цˣûнյ꣬ҲûյؼҲǡ
ۿˡ
Щ֪ؿֳ
شү꣬Ҳ˵ûϵǹǱߵؼңֻҪǼʱӭ
游˺ˣ¸ǵԣԹ֮ٸʽΣʱѣһʢᣬףУףؼҶλ¿ƽʿ
΢΢Цүĺ⣬ˣһ㶨ˣ˵ôıôģ
ضүЦȻһ㶨ˣһؼҵĶȷʵ޷ĵʵ
һ䣬治Ҫѽ
꣬꣬󲮺Ͷİɣѽؼҵ볯Ϊ٣ǹԮ̫֮볯Ϊ٣Ǳضǹ·˳һ˳ġ
Цûݣߵյġ
μӵÿԣմǵĹ⡣
нʿˣüһʵعˡ
ǺûҲһֿƳװΪ˳أԼĶӰһƧһڣ˵̫ˣ¾׸ҲóԲ˶߰ɡ
ָϲ飬ϾЧ·µ̫˲ǡ
һʱӲϻ
һŵô⣬ֻ𣿡
ҺţŬնĹţЩ˼ҲΪʲôֻҺȡ
ֵЩͻλ½⣬ûԵ飬Ȼȥˡ
ߡ
үͶүû̬Ҳֻø굽ͷ
˸û˵ĵطѰĶݸЬ֪ҪʱҴģͷʮ׬ģǮ࣬Ժʲôµͬң˵ʲôڵ£Ժ˭Ҳᡣ
ֳףȥɾͲôˡ
ЬһӾ
ðɣ
úãİɣ˶õģҹʱͰӹ
껹һƿƣģ
ֻЬ;ƣҪƱꡣ
Űɣ֪Щ٣ĿǰҲˡ
ˣӼһЩҲӦõġ
أ

ûԣֱֻȥˡ
ûɵߴ߻ȥȥʳһЩԵģű߳Ա߻˼ҡ
С¼ݸһӣʡĻģʡ겻಻٣¼ȡʮУʮˡ
ЩҲͷһˣԣʡʮʿȥף֮Ϊǣߴš
ûʶ
꿴ʱ䣬ڽʱ
صǻݡ
СµСȥ׼ιһȥ
żжʱء
СЦ׼ģү˵б޻ҪҪԡСĸˮ
껹һʱ˲ٵĺ

͸պû
ֽӸ˻ЦҲ̫ˣһʱأˢһžӣöѽ
ؼӻԼ
͵үǰ˵ˣԺ־ӣֻҪҪģǶæŪҪʲôֻ˵
ˣү˵ҵˡ
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ȻʿȾ˸һ
ʺѧҹ
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Ҳ߰ž˰ɣҸоӵѧʻͦʵġ
Ϊﾭ̵ԭ˵¶ٴⷽĶ
׻˵仰뱾С
͵ĳɼܹ˸𣿡
Ӧû⣬ʡ㻹֪˵Ǹʡ򵥵ģǸǣĿҲѲȥ
ÿĻԶûʲô
˵ǳ͵һΡ
µһΣ˵ȫû
ѧϰһᣬС½ʱ䵽ˡ

˸ʱȥݡ
ǵڶΡ
ûԵѧѾ½½ĻؼȥģûߵģǼҾھԱ´ٿġ
Ҳ˹
͵ʱѾòˡ
ʮˣȺһ졣
᳤˸һһ¡
û뵽ʦô᣿
ʱûٱ˽ʦ֣λѾˣһͷòЦʦֿˣͺá
˵ʦֺʦֶǸѧ飬ҲλʦǸѧġ
ѰȥͼλЩʦ֡
СǼλʦ֡
ǵһĸԣΪͬ࣬ȥֱҲûôĹġ
ͬһѧУУѣҺܿ
˵õǾ۲ͣûʲôмλʦʱĸϰܲһ
Һʦǲɡ
ÿնȥҸϿΣ˵һЩǷծ̫࣬ûʱһϰ
ʦ˵ҿǽիǸң
͵ͷ
ǣΧ˽ͰѻתƵˡ
һٷ꣬˸ѧʦֺʦĵö֮⣬µҲûס
뿪ʱ᳤ǣ費ҪæѼ˽ӹպ̶ȥǱߡ
ͻҪӹ
᳤ǹߵʱι˵һ
ܷҸӷš
᳤Ȼԣ֪عӼҪ𣿡
굹Ϲأһ벻̫ʵڵ뻹լӣҡҡͷлл᳤ˣҾķţǷģ߹ͦá
żõԵϢŻҪϲ١

˴ӻ뿪ʱѾˡ
꼸ûʲô˼ƣűһЩͷ
ͽϳ˵ԼƵأһ˵ûС
ȷʵ̫Ⱦơ
ǻᣬԭǸձ
ż˸©ôһ塣
ԽΣԽΣ¼֪ˣڶ죬ʱѾȥңСҲСι˳Եġ
ţС߸µһһȥ˶
ЦСԴȵһᣬϴһ¡
ȻȾ¡
⼸մǾѾ˻ԣ·ѾʮþˣѧϰͲ֪ķŹ
ÿ𴲣ˡ
ԼһᣬëûˣͿʼƮˡ
ϴСͷȦ㿪ʼγ̱Ŭѧϰ
һգ׼ȥϿΣͼСһİ꣬˵᳤ˣǽҪš
æԼ͵ŵݸ
꣬ŸϽȥ֣

ѾͷһθϿˡ
⼸νӴУ黭Ľȡ
ΪѧĿγ̱Ƚ϶࣬䶼ɣΨ黭治̫ϣеġ
ѧñȸǿ˲٣ΪСЩ
һԽԽë
ձ̼衣
ĻʱСû¾ͻλֱӴƻʼԼѾʴˡ
һ߻һߵ̵ĶôԵ̵òһ
ͷһο̼ġ
ͣѧˡ
ṹ棬˳ʶСֻܻƽġ
ͼ棬ȷʵǷȱ١
ҵǾ̵ò󻭵ζ
Ц󻭣
ϴνʱͼŸ𷢱۵˽˵Ҫʥϻ񡣡
ĸȥݷ̫ģҲûʡ
˵Ļȷʵ⼸ڿθǽòࡣ
ڻ﷽棬档
Ҹղ껹չʾԼè찡
˵ֻ̼ڰ׶ɫ黭ΩΩФСװͰ͵ģһ۾ܿ
۾һͷء
ЦȷǴģ׼ȷ˵ռԵļɡ
ֶ̫ڲͬµʱʢ̫
Ȼ˰ⶫ˻ʵǰʱһֻСèһƻǲԵôͻأˡ
󻭡
ȴ̲סһҲ˼
ǰϲɵĻϲĲˡ
ת˸ˡ
֪ʥǸɵ˰
ԼҲʮˣôĸĻ
󻭳س֮⣬ʲôǲһ
ͻɣҪȤ¸ҽĿǰûãǵñĴ桭




98.  228-230   ԳЩǺܶ࡭

ڿϵر˳
λѧĹͼ
ʹ, 浹Ǳûúá
ӻʱԼҲֽʣʼСճ
, չһ, Ѿ߰, ЦǸƵ𣿡
, ϵĸӡ
ȿ𣿡
, Ǳ˳Ū, һûдء
һָ˻ȥ
ϸһ, ǰ˳㶮, ̼ҳϰŸϡ
һֱŮӶֶֹµġ
֣ҵӼҽ̶رãһûĵ
룬Ҫȥμʹ, ܸܲ˵˵ѽ
ЦѽѰ, Ȼٺòˡ
Żȥˡ
ÿ, ˸һ
ӿ껭, Χһ, ֣ʱڸıߡ
Ůڵļ̫, ܲٸһܡ
ЦȻˣ֪ʲô飿
ҾԱ

֣ЦŮһǣǲǸһ, óͿޣ


ϰˣһ߶һ, 군˹ʱ˽ϰץˣæıʵү밲
֣ЦŰڰ֣ҲŴ˹˵㻭ûرÿ𣿡
ͷ⻭ģŶ׬Ǯ
֣õļſ꣬Цȷʵ˼
ЩѰĻһרעڳɡ
лү佱
֣ЦСؾͱ뱾ˡ
ˣձҪȥԳ䣬ûʱ䣿
꣺
һ黭òμȿγ̣
ɣÿնڼҪô飬Ҫѵ𣿡
֣˵ûȥʱ䲻һҹѧϰʱĺʱСҲȥģȫ㡣
Ǿүӵģȥ档
֪ܲܰСҲϣ
֣ЦǸպãʱҲĻȥֻպһ档
¾ôľˡ
ϵһСڸ꣬ˣһ
֣ҲԼĹӡ
֣Сû뵽Ȼ󻭣ʶôˣǲ֪ʦ˭
˵ܾɺˡ
Ψ÷û£¹ɽʫᣬΪҪμӻԣҲδμӡ
ʲôϢܲ鵽Ψ鲻ʦ
겻˼ѧ⻭Լѧġ
ȻôᣬһͷһͷһɶЩֲͨⲻͳĲ󡭡
󻭣Ҳƹ˻ܶԼһֱ
֣ͷԭˡ
Ǹ˵һвУȥμʢʱ򣿡
֣ЦúѧȻˣɹһӾͲѧˡ
ŲأһҪøΣ

صСˡ
ǰĻᡣ
Сſ͸ǰһֹˣ꣬ҪҪһȥ£СҲպϢһ졣
˿ģҧһںȥˣүȥԳ
ʦǺúɡ
ϴϴ˯îʱ͵ó
֪͸ʳʱ
ˣ

˸ʱѾˡ
һƾȻиȡ
ʱÿˮֱ
С϶ģҲǰȥԳġ
̤ĺʱ
Ҵһһ˳˵ûĸͷ󣬵ڵȴóԵġ
СǰҲһȥˣϧãֻӡ
ӿɰǲԣ
˵͸Ͻ˸߰ɣⲻԣǲԡ
뵽ˣСͼ˺ôһ⣬ݺҧ
ҪȥĲ֪ĸԳ
кüԳ𣿡
ɣר׹İɽԳж⿪ţͨҲܽȥԷȥľǱԷһʥõɽԳÿҲǶ
Ǵǰɽɡ
ԷǱȥ˸о̫ȫõȻֻˡ
֪Сָ֣ȥɽԳ 
͵ܰɣ˵õ𣿡
С̾Ϣǲ֪ÿʱ򶼻ȥ漸ա
ԣ֣ʲô
֣ôĹȥɽԳôˣ
յڶˡ
ԭϼҵʱֻ֪ʥ϶Լλĸرá
ΰΪĸУ˸ЦȻҲλĸĸǱסһ
ϸѮʱ˲ŸȥһΡ
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ҪΪԣ˶Ǳ浽µס
Щԣ;ͷһ˵
úϲ£졣
ѽֱȶԼﻹТ˳ء

껹ʥ϶ĸѽ
ȴû취Ҫѡ
ô˵˵⣿
СҲ˵ˣֻ˵Ŷұ档
ʱ̤ر࣬ϾڼһˣʲôѽȵѾճˡ
ֹ˻ԣŮҲʼд磬һͻ顣
ǰȥԳҲСġ
һΪ˻ԣΪ쵽ˣֵǸˡ
ⲻҲȥˡ
һĴӣһСľ
̺һûã⼸λԺҹš
С˾ҹҹ˯ãղˣʥŭ
û˵
͵ҵһ죬˵˸ɮȥ¡
Ҳֻλĸ˵ˡ
갵Ծλĸ
Сһ𾪣֪⺢һֻʥ飬Ŵ¡
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С˵Щˣ޹أԷҾýյĴƤ廨Ҳóԡ
ҧһȷʵ
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Сô٣רĲ˳ԣ̲סֲǸôעʲô
Ҫ𣬽ٳЩϲŲʳ
С
Сѽ
꣬˳˿ˢС߳ɢȥˡ
Сһأ̲סٴ²ۣҸо浹̸һȥʮͿʼˣԺǰ;ѽ
С²۹²ۣҲԼʳˡ
ϾǸ

Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ãСºʱ˻µġ
С¿˫񣬵ӣѾʱˡ
κһᣬյø֣ȥϴãС߳ˡ
ΪԴ˾ûǵСѣ˵棬˯֣˻ʱûôѡ
ǻģϿĵҪҪڵոպá
һ۲ɫգϾܾ˯ᡣ


жϵĻȥǰɽԳ
֣һĻҡ
Ͷ
Ҷǻʵ۵ֵܡ
갵ڣôûһֱΪ֣ж
Сµӱģ֣á
ЦЦҪǲҲһ˲ǡ

һᣬס˯⣬Ժ˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ã·ϻεԽ˯Խ
ͷд
ʱ򣬶ôģ
𣿡
ѽھÿҲͳȥΡ
Цÿ³ȥһΣÿδɣ˵Ӻɷľ͸öߣŲûǼҵļҷ硭
ɰĽˡ
һ˵ԼӵģĸӲ档
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Ӹð⣬ѽ֣塣
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̽ͷǰҪҪ
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һ˯ãֱӴ緹緹
СǱ߸׼õģ߳ԱιСߣСҲͷһγԶˣĶԱߣһ߳һ;
СС붫һһ¡
߸ͷЩӾѣұߵĶӾ
Ѻ;Żһֻ졣
ֻǴ˵ط˻˳ԣ
ͷͦģоôԶζ
һ䣬ͼС߶ų쳤˲ӸµĽһʾԼǳԵġ
һѰסЦˣĳ档
ЦС߿ɴˡ
˵꣬һСߣ˵ǲǣ
С߸µֽһСԴԹԳԶ

궫Ѿ˸ǣһƥ
귭ͼСŲӣ¸µؽУҲȥЦôĸ֣Сڳﰲġ
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˵ͦСС߻ˣ͸µֽһ

ѹЦӣ
룬һҵĶ죬һҵĶ죬ⶼʲôܺӣ
ѵ˵ھûլӣǧ
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ⲻŸ
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Сֱ߳ĳ
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ˣ
îʱǣδʱĩǵĿĵˡ
ͷһ
ѵôǱߺðɡ
ɨһ۵ͺͺĻƲʲôǱůͣľïʢƲӵʱĶҲ෱࣬߳ϸʤ
ҲȾĶ࡭
˵ԼĵطͶͣ
ԭǰҫһľѣ˸

ǵõʱȥʱǱ߾͸øȼٴƵġ
û뵽߻һй
֮⣬ܱ𾩶ˬ˲١
϶ûĵط
ԽԽòζ
ǴڶǰԽС
ΪǶȷʵûйÿγȥԼկӪסĶסĶϪסɽסɽÿһطرĺ棬ҪãСϽء
ɷְٴθ˻ȥ
ûסЦ
֣ߴңڸߣԽɽ
һһȥ
һȥ԰ɡ
ѵҪһ飬밢һǱȱȿ˭ԵĶࡣ
ô
ɨһ۾ǵЩǷı飬һûԣʱɱӵĺȡ
޷ȻΪ˿ģӮʵôҪġ
֣Ͷһھ̫ʣԼݡ
ȻˣҾȴ֮ˡ

һ·˯̫࣬ϳԹ˯š
СˣǣСͷա
뾰ѡһأһ
껹ûӦС߸µһѾӾܣϧиӸ赹ˡ
ЩۣСԴѹһһһ棬ٽϷֺСô
С߸¸µؽ
С£Լ³ȥˡ
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ЦûУƽʱڼҲŵҴܡ
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껹ûôͿġ
Сһųͷ˹ȥ
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ѻһĶ죬㿪۰ɣҪǧ٣һլӻô
ã
Ŀ䣬˭ϲأ
ĬһϲĻʵԼһֻɲΪֻһլʵһֻͨĶ졣
ҪĻҿԸû˵˵ԴһԴȻͶˣʵڼͦߵġ
ܾ˵궼һ仰С߲
ǣҲˣСһ
Сûã꺰ҡŻˡ

ʱɿСߴš
Ȼûס
ϲĶ죿
֣Сģƽʱرɡ
λҵ黭
֣ЦƣǾ
ͷߣСϰ֮վһһ㶼ԵСΪһرۡ
ģ˫һ
˵ʮ
֣ͷ
˵ţͼС߸˹ȥһԾĻ
ò뾰Ѽ˵һո·ЩˣȴС߻ȥˡ
ѻģǡʱСһ£ñĶ졣
ֻñС߹ȥˡ
òؼ񣬶ЦԼģ
ͷ
˻򣬻ʲô
ߣʵߣʶļһԲ׷ˣèϲһ
û˵ܹ꣬˵˵Ӳá
ƲƲ죬Ҳ˵ˣѾѶøңͷһֻ
꣺
С

С߸ղë˲٣һ걧ȥϴ˸衣
СԱ߸֣СӣʱɵСЩ
̧ͷһۣôˣӻСߵ⡣
СµͷС˵λһ˵һġ
һСߣҲ𲻴Ӧһĥ־ôһоָͦСѾ˸ˡ
ллˡ
С²˼ʲôСôɰ˭ϲѽ




99.  231-233   

ڶ첻ͱСº
Ϊ, ֣Ǳ߻һװ
껻ѣܵҸһ£תһȦ, Ҳûҵ, ֻ顣
о, Եر
˳Ű˸POSS
, ͼ˽, ԻΪŵ΢΢һ, , ׼𣿡
ֻûƼ, ʮֵˣھͳ𣿡
ţ
˵ţһ۶־СߣСһȥȥ
£
Цȥ
СһС߿ˡ
Сһ߽ʳιС, һ߿ڡ
һ˳زĻģʱܰüҳ, Ү

С߸һ, ŷ, մһӥС
žͼһֻӥ䵽˶ļͷ
Сߡ¡һ, ֱصŶͷĺӥ
˫һۣԸоС߾, ﻹصֵ
ϸһǳۿžҪ֧ˡ
ԼһʱסŰӸ˩ϡ
ͼӥı, ѡ
ǣͺرͷֻܰ㰺ͷվڶļͷ
С߼֧˺һ, СߣƼûøѧϰ

ߴֻ񡱵֡
ѺͶӣԹ
ǿŴȥԣЦ
ͿʼŶ
˵ŻСߵɨۡ
ӥԵĵ˵٣Ļͷһμɱö챻˵ˡ
ǾͿʼɣʱＯϣ˭ԵĶࡣ
֪ʱηӮ
ǱȸͷأǱߣСμ㣿
߰ϡ㣿
˵ʲôһ壬߶һ֮ġ
ͷ󣬵ͳƽɣ
ƽ~
ˣ

ʼ˫
ͷһδԣСЩ
˵أɼʵò֡
ټϣСôɰ֣ʵ²ȥԾֻڴˡ
̫ѹˣûʲô˵ġ
ֻҪĿľͺˡ
꣺
⺢Ҳ̫ϵˡ
˵ϵֻȴһ㶼ϵ
ϣɴ۾ͻȻ͸оСһӦСѾ˳ȥϸߣų򣬾ôһӷɳһɿ⡣
ϵĻٶȸ졣
򻮹졣
ֻٳһ˹ȥ
ϾǷɵģС߾ܵٿ죬ҲȶԷ࣬ܿ컨Ӳݴץһֻ󣬶СʲôҲû׽
ΪûץͻˣС߹ŲӼǰߡ
˺ü֮һ㶫ˡ
ֻ˵ûﶷϾ˭Ҳ˭µġ
ƽʱ˵Сߣ˺üηͷø¸ֱС
ˣëˡ
Ҳ֪ûԣѹûָŻһ·ץ˲ٵĶЩҲСץġ
һ˻ʲôջû
ժһҰӣΪȥ궬쵽ˣеĶˣеýζôλ˼ϵء
ǵûһᣬҲˡ
Էδֻʮض顣
Ƚ߾Եú׶ˡ
ֻӥûëȷʵãצȷʵٶҲͦ죬ץҪôҪôӣСץһֻȡ
ƶóƣһԷӮˡ

ԭΪܻеϺӻͦģԸķ䡣
˵õĲͷ˶ԷԼȥˡ
뿪Ⱥ˵ʲôţСģû棬˵Լÿ¶ҪȥҿǴţء
ЦѵǶϺȣ
Դġ

ֻȥԣ˵²ۣȴ
ȥԣС߸˳
㻭ʮҳСڡ
һ߰ɣһ߿
һ꣬˿ܺãЦ˾ûһ뷨
ˣֻûץס
ļû˦ȥ
ѽҾ̬á
˼ȥˣȥժӳˣ񰡡氡ʱ仹ϸ۲һᣬ͸ղŻĻͳ˽ļֻС
Ļгˡ
˿Źӱ߿бߵǶ̬Ҳá
ͱλСأܶԷ˵ʲôܲӲĸȥ
ǽˣҲգĵ￴
ȥɡ
һ㶼档
ԳĺͷһƬĿյأרŹġ
ѽһ극ȥ
Уû⡣
֪˳극ȥͼѺ;ѾǶ濪ˣ˹ǰ
ѵҲ𣿡
׼ȦϾ͵ûˡ
ǿ̫ˣŶսܸɣԳǵʵ
꣺
⻨˼ѽ

Ϊ˱Ĺƽԣ飬ǻƥȡ
ѵʲôѽǼ˵һǴֵı
ȴɣǸ棿
ûŤͷ治棿
겻Ǻ棬ֹϷʵһ㶼ͨ
аɣҲϴʱһΡ
ѵҲɣһʲô棬û˼
㷭ۣܺǴʹӣҧҧаɣҲ̫棬ҽһϷɡ
һ棬ֳѧеˡ
Ҫͷһ棬˰ɣҲںӮ
Ц֪ģҲϺȡ
ֲ꣬˸ӻ򣬽һ
û⣬ŸӣöСһӡ
ر׾ӻӳȥʮǧѺ;Цǰ
֣˼ʲôӣ
ģ黭
ֱҪ̫Ц˺ðɡ
ЦţͼͻȻһӻӹȥ˳š
۾˰ɣ

Ŵ˼ӣָڸˣͣЦˡ

ѧǲеżˡ
ҵڶ棬ָв̫ãһӲҪҡ
ԼСЩ
˵ССעŵꡣ
ܸо˲ģѾ׼Ҫء

˫ĸˡ
һԣҪֻҪˤͳɡ
СԶĸţһӭȥѻһΣԶꡣ
Ѻüι⽫ꡣ
ͷαС¸Զˣξ˽С¸Ա߲ʱҲǰ׼
ϣĸӣһӽ˶
˳źһɤӣӽ򣡡
ѳʱ򣬲㱻ջĸӸɨŵһᣬոܿˡ
ֻ۾ֻȫ֪淢ʲôڳܡ

Ѹ˸кüҪˣɵĻ⣬ϵƻôķɧ
Ƶģ
ֱż
һ£ǲõ껹
ѱʲôµģԼһû
˶࣬Сģһʮ
Էֻ˾Ÿ
ۿʱ͵ˣԷӻңȷֵ˺ԽԽ
ֱӻû
Ķû뵽֣λ黭á
ϵ˲һǴСѧġ
ǼһǾϸѡ˵õģȥˡ
֣ҲЩ⡣
˵ĵϸѾ˸׳졣
Ҳȷʵụ̂ЩҲȷʵⷽ֡
ֶ˵ȥġ
˽⣬Լô˵ˡ
֣Ŷ߶Աۣ˼ƮԶˡ
عʱ
ͷѾʼˡ
һȺûץסĶ졣
ȴͷһδѹˣȻ
ǣҪ
˰ϰˡ
һѾؽ˰ӣ룬Ӻαô벻ԼŰѽ
һᣬĵǲûܹɣǾͷȫһǡ
ҡͷҾһˣҲͷ
ղ˱֮ǰ˵ˡ
ҪӮˣС߾ġ
ʶľͲҪˣѵôôˣ
ǺһӵСҲһұԵҵܴӦǲͷСѺͬ⡣
Ҫ˴İѹȥ
ǶѲһֱҪֻëôͷɣС߶һ
ĥĥаɣˣƼûǶļƥһƥ
뵽ˣĵ̾˿
⺢ô͸ˣ
ʿˮİɣ˵ЩǶڡ
ҾͷˣϾһû

֣񣬾ͼ;Ѿںֻ̣Ա߾һ£ƥ˳ȥ
һλǱеĻҪá
ȾҪһЩڶʱԳ˾һͷ˵Գ˰ӡ
Ǳ߾һԷԼͷģһʱûע⣬ײȥĿбӣϵ൱á
һһء
Ҳסп˫ȫĿ治ˡ
˵꣬ЦЦ磬ԴûԹĿɣ
ЦԵҲǺ¡
뾰Ⱦ˵ˣһĸأϴαľ飬СԱţһΣ㺰һΣһûԼתΣصյʱѱ˰̡

һأ̲סЦЦӣ˰ɣ
ڻ꺰ȵѹҾ
ԼĴԴĵ
ʵû뵽ôá
羰ѵĺãٶһ㶼ǹϰʱÿζǡôȥһ㶼ʱ䡣
ƥ·ʱһκȴѡ
ϴСĶ˿˰ڵѶȱ˲ٵܵоҪһȫǲ̫ܡ
ٶϱȲ
ǰͷ뾰߶߶˴黭
Цһֻ졣
˼ҴɽͶûͣ
ժʲôҰӳԣҲһˡ
ôһƲϵͻȻͱˡ
ӮҲӮ
ʵʲԼ֣ͷء
Ӯˣ˹ȥѡ
˵һ۾ƳƥţҲ֪ԼʲôݣͷһƥСлƷȴһЩ
ЦСôͶѡƥҲ񲻶ˣ
겻˼ÿ
Ϊһʦֵصġ
̲סЦ
ѻƥ˵Ҳʧ˲ͷ˿Ǿ䣬úÿ
ʲôӡ
뼸һ֣Ҳû׳һˡ
֮⣬绹һ
Ҳѡ
Ƴˣ֮⣬Ǳķ涼ƽƽ
һ㶼鲻׼ˣʮоż߻õһ䵽ȥĵ㣬ܲôһ˼
꿴Լսĵû뵽Уԡ
ѣ
ԼҪǺõ͡

ԼҪȷʵߡ
һ칦ʱƵس˵زˣһȣˡ
ֵ°أЩ
ԴûôûǱԸʲô˭Ӯһϳֻˡ
ƥãﻹͦܡ
ǣͳĹע
Զˮϲ޲øȥ
칦ڳ˿Ǹˣ㶢ͶɣһүǣԲ·ˡ
صѿð͵İֻݸСµ̫ԲˣҪҳҪСߣҲﶢ
Сµ˵ʲôȥֳҲǵǳˣһʰ˲ԼԵġ
û뵽ֻ
꿴һ϶ŽŵСߣͦɵҲ
һԡ
Ժţ˵ʲô
һ˳ˣջȥ
ѽѽ
ˣǾͻȥʱǸӡ
˵ţСһˣЦڿԳԶˡ
˵գСѾˣĽǹӻˣҲãⲻרŸġ
ССһԣŵүһأ˵Һȥһԡ
껹ţСһ˵ˡ
ûķݡ
˲ĵСߣȥ֣Ƕ
֣Ƕ֮⣬п㣬ͷƬ
кϽԶ
֣ûôԣǲθ𣿡
æûã³ˣǰ֣òˡ
֣
ԣװվʲôġ

֣æԼ˼˸ʢŵСأյʲô
Ѿµ˵ǾСߵ¡
ʵʵ˵ԺС߿ЩҾȥӡ
ؼһ㣬̫òˡ
Ѫ⼶˸į
֣ô
ӾðɣȻҪ죬Ǿֻˡ
տʼҲ뷨ɺһѰ˼Ҫ϶͸ѱõģеĺӰɣͶ׼һֻš
һѱõĻСأ
¿ˮֿҲС
ؾãʱ򣬶λӵҲš
Сɵ¿ɲС
֣ǾûԵķӣ
ĬһǰͷҵĶ쵱ֶ졣
ʱͬ⡣
ţȻֻôͶӣʱ򵱳Ǯ˼ңһֻ
ο쵱Ĳࡣ
֣ôһʣǾʵ
ϡΪʤָһֻСȰְִأ
οǷˣָѾͲϡˡ
֣˸Ĵָȷʵԡ
ѵô
ôүүˣ
֣㻹Եķ𣿡
ҡͷ
̣Ŀǰµĸ




100.  234-236   ˾

֣ǻһӡ
鶼, Ǿֺӣһעͳˡ
룬Ŀǰ˵, û⺢ûʶġ
֣, С, Ľļƻ
֣Ǿ仰, ѹ˻, ôŶˡ
ûбҪǰ, Χ塢ֶҲѧ
ı, 
лү, ѧסġ
֣ҪҪȵ÷ʳŵԲĹĵĶӣϾܾˡ
֣С÷ŷ, ˶һȥһᡣ
Ҳ˼뿪
ֻøȥ
ֻŲŵµʯʮ֣֣̾˿, Ҫʹ˷ֱˡ
ʵɽ֮ǰ͵õϢ
ҵλɮڹ˷¡
һ, ˵ʲô̫΢ǹâ˵ס, ˲뾩, ӱһղһգҲϲ
ʱжֻҪ뿪û, ʱˣԺǲ˵
ʵŬô꣬Ҳôһӡ
ȻĸƵġ
ʵ˭
ɮҲûָ, ȴһʱΡ
ʱһ˶ָ֪֣һҡ
ȵڳʱ֣ҵүӻļ, һƴűס˻ʵۣ˵书߸ҲΪ
û֣һˣҲû
Ӿԭ֣һúõģӵҲת
һؾӵӾͲǰˣ˵Ҳѹơ
֣һֻȥ
ɮ˵꣬ʵûڱ̬ɵʱڳ˶֪ΪΨһĶӣҲֻ֣ܽһҸˡ
֣ƽ֮ңɱ˱ס˲ޣǽ͵ġ
ôһ¡
֣һˣǺ˵ġ
ߣ
˵ֶвޣοͷ
ר࿴ޱ仯Ƶġ
֣ţ˵ԣúһ
ԸֻԺٲˡ
תò̫졣
⻰Ҳ̲סɵү𣿡
֣ʲô£
Ϊδ֮ã
ֱĸҲ޲ˡ
ܸҪϣ˵ͶԵҲȻ
ʱһֱã黭Сִ֣ΪŮȻӦˣɺ֣ľƣڳſڵ
רŸһԺӡ
ֱִõòٺѽ
Ժ̺ˣ֪زŷ֣ƸģĲȫʡĲˣǱߵĲرá
Ͷ˵Եݰ
żκ룬֣ʧɢ׵ɡ
׵أǰ컹ˡ
֣ЦⷴӦҲٶٵѽ
꣺
ԣ׵
֣Դǲ
ͷ
һ˲۾ɵøѽ⻹׵
ԭǴϵɣ
СʱƤдܳʱպñĻӵĸ
ʱҵӶҵѰ˺üŮүӣȻĻӺ޲˺ˣƴ˰˳
ʱүӱͷƤѪ
֣ҵСʱСС֣һݹ᾵İͷ£ͷѪ֣ȴǰδˡ
Ѱˣү˿
ͺסԼ궪ʧŮһ㣬һ˹ȥ
үˡ
֣֪Ůʱ˹ˡ
ôһŮģʱ׼ϿүӣǷ˴ǰ̣˼ҲĴѰŮ
һҾꡣ
֪Ǿ˵ݣ껹Եİס
үһҪԼĶӣͬʱ˰Ѱҡ
үֹ֣Ǿˣû֣֪Ķأүү֣׵
үӲͬ⣬˵Լݵ΢̸黹պϡ
ϧ֣ȥǾӪүҲȥ֣ҲǿѰ˶꣬һֱδҵ
ǰǸүȾ˷纮
ټϿѰ꣬δҵ²ɼѹүӵһݡ
үӵĺ»֣һֲٰģҲˤġ
֣ЩδֹͣѰ
ֱһ¡ꡣ
ֻ죬֣֮Խˡ
Խݵ꣬ɲʱģ
ȥؼƣҲ˿ϡ
һɲôģүҲŮ
֣ʵ̫ʺʱϣǸʱѾ׼ˡ
ԣȷ֮󣬱Ҷˣæտꡣ
ȻֲãҶ˶̬ͻȻת䡣
֣ЦϳǲҲ㼫á
ͷ´˾͸׵һ
֣ǣղŻ׵
֣ڶ˵ˣ˵ýʲô

ֵ֣һǣо˾ˡ
˾ˡ
ֻúһ죬סû
֪ԼԼĸĸһܿġ
껹ûס䡣

˵ȥ˵ˡ
֣Ǻ֣صظϵԼ֪ɣ˭ҲҪ˵
ͷүģҶס
֣ܸɮʾʵ˴ӵǹ⡣
Ȼһ˼һɽݶ
첻ݶգ
Ȼܵӵǹ⣬ôֻ˵ݡ
ԣҲĿǰϵԭ
֣ؾ󣬴ҾҪȥˣʱһȥ˵ֻ֮ھɣĿǰ˽
үġ
ˣҲûסĵط
֣լסţʲôֻܷԸС¡
˵ͷǵͷ
ֵ֣һ£ôôɵѽ
꣺

ͦá
һֱ֣ϰԴϰͻȻ˾ˡ
˵Ҳݵλˡ
Ź
пһᣬ̲סܣүӿԼھʱʵŮҲھԼפʱ򣬹ŮʵԱߡ
ģԽԽܡ
֣ˣӺɷĿʲô飬ôһͬ˰׵֪࿪ء
죬Цıȿ޻ѿĨ˰ҾΪѹ
ôȴδټ档
Ҳһ͵͵ᡣ
֣һ˸һǣҹȥ˯һ޿Ƶġ
˵˼ұǹš
ΪģͶƸС
ǻصСԺ˻ôֹס
С£
ɳô۾ˡ

ڶ죬첻һ˺ƺƵĻؾˡ
˾ʱ䡣
СһͣԼȥط¥ԺóԵġ
˵Ǳ߳µĲʽ
ǡʱ걧Ŵ죬С¼ˡ
ͷһƥ
СһƼûƼûҾ֪һ˵ԺóԵ׼š
꽫һ·СߣϵӸ⿪
һɣСųԺ￪ʼ
Сǰͷȥˡ
׼ȥĳԷ
ط¥
һ֣˸¡
ǰȥһ˻ط¥˵ûǱ߳Է
ԵҲʲʲô
ڿģ֪ǲȥǱߣҪǻطɣϴγԵĺʾͦá
붮͵˼æһûԹط¥ķأ˵ǵĲ˹ݡ
Сѽ֪ˣȥһ١
ϴһ£˳㻻ɾѡ
ųȥ˻ط¥
С߱ҲȥģһҧС°ˡ

ϴ경һʱֻŶĥѪˡ
ʱһ롣
Сڳ˲졣
ĸһ߳ԣһ߸·
Сѹ꣬мҵø͸ڷ硣
ѾµҪ˵ʲôǱסӸ̽˹
ͺҲԴ˹
С֣һҪ뾩ˡ
֣ʦسʱǡµס
ϾҪˣԣʵҲûʲô
ԳɼųûգʵҪ֣ȥˡ
Щ˾һûŴʲôԭûʵ󹦳ûüͽ˸򷢵פء
˽´ﶼƵġ
С˵ʱ̲ס̾˺ü
֣ڳеھеһ²ǰպͳд󳼶ֽкõġ
ʵȴΪһʲôɮĻͽϳֹǧʿģҲó೼ֲĸо
ճϣλƢҵʷʵջس
˶֤
ɻʵһֱֲӽȥʮ塣
ʱмŲôģҲʵ۸ˡ
һʱ䣬۷׷ס
ԣ֣뾩Ѿ϶ˡ
ʵֻһ˵ġ
˵׼˵ʷԣȻʮ塣
ŵҲˣüͷɵľš
ʲôƨʵۣȲ˵ǺǷʵ˵ʵƫţһĸŵķϡ
ֱǺͿ
̫û
ǲ֪̫ʵʥϵĸ
ʵ۵˵е㴫棬ȵһ˸ӣϴ϶زģҲͶ
Ҳಡʮûˡ
ʥǵӣĸǸСŮҲͱһΣʥ϶ôһ£ɺƫƫ˸ӳ
ǡõʱĻҲǵ̫߻ӵʱѲˣǱסˣûסȻʱ˻ϥ¡
Ȼʵıã͵˺ӷء
ûˣԼԺҲˣ˵ӣɱϾġ
ȻϲҲĸαҲ˳λˡ
ӺãȻʸоȻȥźһĳի
ʥЩҲТ˳ˡ
̫֮ҲܲˣΪ˵£ĸڼǰһΡ
꣺
ԣǸʵ˽ͷզģ

Сҵеڣҽ³ˡ
ǲ³ٵȸ꣬䶯һ˻ԣԺָմʲôء
ͷֱ
ǿ¾϶˶֪
ʱ򣬱˰֣һǲǸҵģСһֱߵý
ֱˣһҵĺȡ
СЦʲô㲻ҵҲѲ˸ϵ
꾪ô˵
ҶҡңЩƵңʵ뵱֣ϵõġ
ǰûֶʱ⼸ҹϵرá
Ҷ˺˹ϵ
˦ôܣ
ԣ˸ô꽻þôãҲǼңֻҪǼҲˡ
꣺
Сˣ˵Щˣ֣һҪ뾩ˣԺ󶼲ȥϿˣԺʲô㣿
ѧϰ£¸¾Ҫˡ
Ӧƹµ׽ᣬ˵дŬ
ⱾѾˣҲһ롣
Ŀʮᡣ
ͬǱҲࡣ
˵ôҪᣬæɲУö໭һЩҾӿ϶úá
ҲأֻҲ͹˼ôһ
뷨ҲȵЩ겻ǡ
һֱһû˵ʲôͣͻȻڵ֣꣬Ҫˣǲǵլӣ
ʮа˾Ż
סǲ̫á
ԼˣϼҴڵġ
죬ָˡ
ȷʵˣøסһˡ
ҵиլӣֻھˣǼǰԼͷһ׬ǮҲ֪ʲôãͱھЧǱլӡ
֮ɣͷֿˡ
ּ۸񲻺ʣ׬Ǯô
ȥɣ۸룬һֱⷿõڣҪ˲԰ȥǱס
Ψһȱ·ԶܱҲûʲôԷĵء
ҪԺȥһʱ
͵ȹȥơ
ֹÿԺȥŵ·ÿԺȥҵ·̡
صüʱоھլӣ׬Ǯ̫Уӻе 
ԣھСլӡ
Ժܲⷿס
Ҳլӡ
Ӧңλõߵġ
֣ȲҪһ̫żȸʦңҼʱ˾
;ʱƤסš
Цһ˳ԱȫҲѽ

ڻط¥ЩӰġ
˳СǼһϲ٣Լͺͷͷһ¥
ʹŲϴڻط¥ʲôľ
һ˷䡣
СһžƿƼûƯɣ
ͷһƬµľ˵ůͣͷͲ˻һƬһҡβ˵ζ˱Ƕ
Ϧøһͻ
˫һƯ
еˡ
ʶؾʡ
СҪ뻭Сñī
ӻ֣ǵãһȥҲɡ
뻭ͻʱСæҿͻûлӦԼʱõȥܳɲܱԴǿ

һ뵽ǮͰצӸεܡ
סլ֣ȫ˵ģԼΪ㡣
δ׬һëǮѽڶῪһʱˣҲ֪ôˣҲƹ㡣
߸ˣһ룬Ҫӣ·Ժˡ
ǮŵʱеֶСѲ˵ݸɨһȦ˸ײˡ
һѾٵҼǵϲ㡣
ɨһȦ˸Сɡ
СʡǮ˰ɣ
Сֵ˼²ˣС˵Щ
Сʱδ򼰽ŹϣͻȻиϤꣿ
һϡ
ôʲôʲô
ظòߴϰɣ
װƫƫλŲԶһ̧ͷƼվ⣬ϴŻϲͲɣء
ֻЦش˺ɣҲԷ𣿡
Сǲ֪˭һ£سǵһ֪أǰϵʱǼңؼҵĴˡ
͵֪ء
ǰûڼˣе㲻̫š
òش˸к
ظϽߣϽߣ˵˼䣬һط¥óԵĲˡ
꣺
ؽˣ꣬һʱ𣿡
ݰģĸƵġ
ֱĹ˿ڵеʱ䣬֪ʲô£
е˽£
˵С˵һ뿪˷䡣




101.  237-239   ·+̽

֪Լسò
ɱϾѪԵĶ, Щ顣
ؿҲЩʲô¥˻ط¥ͷһС
ֳխ, һֻèʲôûС
ֵϵĳＫԶ
Ҳûϻ, żɽ֣֪˰ɣ
ͷ
˿, ӻƱ, ֣һҪȥ, סǵլ, , ϶Ҳ, ʱûطסˡ
ԣظһӣլӡ
Ǯ˵ûʲô, ٻЩġ
겻ţ̧ͷͦصʵûôû, Ϊʲô
˵ؼҵΪڻط¥˸ơ
˵;û, Ҳǲġ
ʵ, ط¥ܵǮ͵͵, ʱطرˣܱҲûʲôˡ
˭֪, ֮û
ǰӣû, Է̸һ𿪸¥
ⲻ⻹
룬۹涾
լĿǰⷿأȴⷿӸˡ
, ҲӲС

֪ǸϷѧģӣϵ꽫϶һòߣԣԼܶ׬һ㣬ܰﺢӡ
ҪˣͰ¥ꡣ
Ǹһ·ڵǳԼ·
Ҫ걻˿ӼΣ⻰ˡ
صھﻹûլǰɣﻹЩӣпϵģôҲԺˣŵĵط
ɰһ
Ҫӣ
ⲻ̫ﶨλ
ǱʶãʱӦø򷿡
ããڻҪӡ
˵ŰƱأ˼ү˵ˣլסţǱĿǰҲ˾һ̯أܵʲôʰ˲ܽ
ֵˣ֣ס
ͷԣңӻԼúŰɣҪլҲǣ϶õϡ
˼ʲô£Ժط¥ҡ
ȻӦˣȴȴ̲סһ䣬ѽ
ϳôˣֹ͵͵˽Ǯ˸¥
ֻĿǰ֪ġ
֪Ļʲôأԣǲصùѽ
ϱˣ˵ϳĺģ˵ӱеҪõööࡣ
ڶϴθʮҪ
ԼǮҪҵĸѽ
תߣһ·ˣֶġ
ס˵˵ڶ¡
ϣܻؼڡ
ô˵үӵǶţʥҲøֱġ
үӺ󱲵볯Ϊ٣ǶĽ϶رа
죬˵صˣϣܻؼҡ
ĬһϾܾҾͦãһȥ󣬸ؼҴʲôӰ죬ʲôݻȥ
˽ô
ôء
˵Ӣ۲ʳֲӢۡ
һͨ˻ýѹء
ص룬ڻᣬ֪ܲһ˵Ҫԡ
ͷһȥú룬Ҿ
ڿ˰ɣѻأ
صͷС

ص䣬Ѿˡ
Сûأ̲סԵǸƽصǰ
ͷ
Ʋӻͦʵһˣ
ҵ˵үɲ⡣
αװ
ⲻΰȫˡ
С꣬˵ǼҵĶˣҾðɣԺǡ
Сû˵ͱͼеˡ
ߺߴߴصóԡ
˼лʦ֣һעġ
˵ظĸоͦصģټ⼸£Լ̣治أɱϾ׵Ժȫ򽻵ǲܵġ
Լ·ˣҲͲõˡ

죬ûô˯á
극ڳͻ˯ˣصһǱ͸ѵġ
Ժϴһ飬ֱϴڶʱѾϰȥˡ
С˻ȥ鷿ѧϰȥˡ
쵽ʱСͻȻӣүѾˡ
һô죿
ջ˵󳼷أû뵽ա
Сµү˵أٳ¶ˡ
˻ʵ۵鷳˳µ뿪ˡ
±ʣ׼ȥһ̣СµүղŲһ飬˵ȥˡ
үݣߵ̫Բ̫á
룬ôҲܲѽ
סĻ֣լء
˵ģĽ˭ô˵ô˵ȥҶϣûôġ
С˻˳һˣľӮ
˵ʲôرõһܸоʵһ㶼ȵ˵ƢҲá
ϵſʱͶҲ֣һС
ĵشк
ߵüʲôûü׼
ڨڨк
ҸǱߵ졣
ͷ˵Ǳߵرóԡ
Եĵطһ˻ѬģѬľҲر𽲾
һȥ͸һ
꣺
Ȼƴѽ
֣һ뿪ǲμӲϽʢˡ
ʱдĹԼͼСӵݸ˵ٽˣҲúúѧԼ֪ʶ㣬ʱƣָ´ʢõˡ
СЦİɣ´μ棬ýͻ˵˵ģûµʱѧϰġ

֣һߣСÿղʱݺ߶߶Ʊ˼ˡ
С͸ͷϢ֮⣬ʮȥ幤ҲǰΡŮǣż˵һ˵¡
һ㲻ͬѰζ
ʥ֮вĹϵ
꣺
ʵ

֣һߣǺݺջ˾˵һøС
˵ʲô˹λʵ볼ӵĹϵ
֣壬ԴΪأȥʵ
˻Ƶģವϴܡ
˵¸˹£ýкһƬ
ʸ֮ġ

겻ȥ֣ѧ
ÿʱǰźõģÿ·żʱ幤֮⣬ʱ䶼ڼѧϰ
żʲô׵ģٺƤȥˡ
ôһα㵽³
ӭ˵ԡ
깱ʿһٶˡ
ͳһڹ
Ŀʥϳġ
ʱΪһʱõĿˡ
Ȼǹѡһƥġ
ѡдһƪ˰ֵСһ룬ǵ԰ֵܣôܸô򵥵⡣
ǣֻӷ˺һᡣ
дǧ벮֣дѡ˲š
ôһдͳ˲һǰ㣬ϸһҪ󣬶ڡ
ֻҪѵдϾͳ˰ɡ
ֱǱ㡰ʱѡ
ô޸ĸģۿʱҪˣɶں˸ۿɳ©ˡ
һҧѼ΢֪Сʶ󣬴ʶ˸д˽ȥдһֲ಻١
ӱߣӽŵĲˡ
ôԣͷһְ
ʥҲ̫˰ɣѡ˲ѽֲѡĶ

ܡ
һֱͨͨ
ֱףֱ̬ĿʵڵԼһᱻˢͬʿȥ
ԣǾҪˡ
Ծʱٽʥ
ʱǰӶ룬ȥʱҲ࣬һ񣬷ϻҶ˵һ䡣
˹ţڳ˿
Сס꣬ô
ãʦִô
Сû뵽Ŀ
˵ʵͷͺˣ˸ǧ
ﵹǹ࣬ĿһԱȣ;ĸ϶ʣƵô١
͸̫ȷʥϵҪʲôˡ
Ŀʱ䳤˵ҪҲǧϣӷģҪСˣͻȻЩӦ
ȷʵʱ򣬾˵ԵȷҪ
һֵ£شʱֻһʱ
죬ʦ֣Ѿƽˡ
ɣҲǸͬʿ
͵Ҳ֪дʲô
Ŀһֱιѡ˲ŷд
ǣϸһ룬оô¡
㲻ּ򵥵ķ롣
˺˲٣һͿ
һӲż绰ôһ˵ҸоҵжҲдˡ
ϸ飬֪˵ʲô
СһһôԵĿڲͬ

˹ţҷˡ
ϤĿʼ۽յĿ
С֪иطǹȥô˵
˵Ѿƽ˭ûһ롣
˸СһҰ²ɵľ¥һž͸оķΧԵľ¥һвٵĶΧһŽյĵ⡣
СҪԺˣҾ¥רŹѧʵģƽʱʲôСʫҲѡ
ĿʵһѾ
Ҳ̫棬˻˼ֵĿ
ڽྐྵӣġ
֪һ͹ȥˡ
Դˣ˵ʲôĶС
СȥҼңҵǵ¡

յҪڣĬ׵Ķ࣬˽˵ϸһ飬Դ˺Ҷ˶ڽյԵĿҲ۹ˡ
һΪʥָ
˾
ĿǰûǸʲôԭͻȻ衣
ʥ⣬ָرȷ
ˣ
ԣ˴öԡ
˵ʥҪʲôĴ𰸣Ҳ˵׼棬ҲСشմ˵ߡ
дοĺûԵ㵽棬չѡˡ
СôͳĲ֡ǧ֮ģ˼ȷˡ
ҲдĹˣʷһָ¹Ϊ
ϷãǴöû⣬ôɼϷҲʥϣʵ˵ǵ¶Լļ⣬˶ǰʮʱʥʱʥȻʵԼñˡ
Сǵ˸أ
̧ͷɨһۣνʲô취
Сʼ磬Ȼȥˡ
Դ빬˸ֱ¥
һҵۣǰԼˣ׼ȷ𰸵ҲûȻ
˰Ŷ衣
ҲǶˡ
СճЩȥϸ㣬Ըɡ
ͷôС
Ѿͬʿˡ
>_<

ڶգ첻ȥˡ
˯ҹŵû˯ãϱһᣬ˯ϮʱѾĿĵء
Ϊ˱ʾϣɲɽ
ɽ㣬Ըּػˡ
˱ǰûȥ԰ѻ󻭡

оԼôοԶˡ
ÿζûȥһֱţãʱδ
һοԣǰһĶ
Դ꣬ǳԲ˯š
˺Ȧ
괩ų͢ͳһĽʿоԼûǰÿˡ
ͳ˫һۣ֪Ҳɡ
һЦһš

ͷӡ֭Ľ˼ҪҪȥԵģҲѹѹ
ͻȻ꣬˵ǴҶòãǵĳɼǲǲҲ̫󣿡
ϣɡ
˵ƽϣԼĳɼֲܱ䣬߸һġ

˹ſڣѾˡ
ҶͳĽʿճɼվá
ʱһһ˹
վڵǰʱղ¶ǰףĹʿ̾˿òô׼ĹٻԺÿ춼ôϳˡ
˵ʲôϲЩ΢΢ꡣ
֪иֱģƷûʸϳأ
꣺
ԣôãײ㡣

Ҳ֪ͷվ˶ãִµ̫ǰʮ
ֲǣһͷվڵǰ
귴δ𸴡
˴һӣǰʮ˳
ʥǺʮ
һ̣ԭ꣬һֽŵѪѹֱߣС̫ĻϸӦһʲôָ
Ҳô࣬Ҳû¶̫
ǰգǵⶼΣ
һζͷ껺ס̧ͷһۡ
ֻͷһӣʮҡ
Զٶȿ죬Ҳû峤ʲôԼóá
رݵ֣ڿϣԵرյġ
һ䣬ͷһĬ
ʥЦǾͰɣʮһȿʼ
갵˿ǰͷˣܻ
ʮһһ˾͸ˡ
Ȼŵýˣ˺üûԼдʲô
ʥЦºͣһԵ̫̫࣬һ
ʮָղŸ͸¶˼Լдݣ֮£ûŵýͣ˲١
귢ˣʮֵرдԣϻܶ࣬ص㣬ýζ
껹ʮֿԵֵУ̫һλ~
ʵԼдݡ
ϳ˻ʵ̫֮ۡ⣬вٵ󳼡
һдѡʥ΢΢Ц޼ǵӡ
ڶҲôһΪѡһڣ̲סһ
ôӣҲôһʵӡ
ʵ꣬ѾӸŵһԡ
ļλԱȻ֪ʲô˼
ܿ˽ϸ
ʵۿ̲סˣ޵ˣǰʱ˵һλ黭λɱӮ
Ǿ֮ͷһγԱ
ʱ;ú档
⽫¸ʵ˵һ
˾ӣɷнµдѡɼһľͨ
ȴСԵ棬Ǿ䡰Ψߡ
һȥǿ϶ǱɵģһιǶȻҲС
ʵۿ£ͷѹŵǿʯͷͻȻˡ
񣬼꣬ʵ̲ס䡣
궼һһش
ĩ˻һʲôʥӢ֮ġ
վںСֱզࡣ
ƽʱôһˣվȻƨˡ
Ȼݵλûܼƨļܡ
ΪοԵĿȷʵЩ˼
ҲǴ廨š
ʵҲԵĵǰʮԡһأΨһ˼ˣһȺﶼܴӻʮֱ״Ԫ
ʱ״ԪǻԵĵһ־
񺼡
λԳɼһһһ
̽ꡪ
Ѿ׼ˣԼĻԵڶ˲еɵۡ
ҲЩ⣬һ£ǰּл
ġ͡ǵ㵽˻Եĵڶ
Ĵʹ˳Уβ̫
Ҳôһ
ʹν֡
ϸ״ԪͰ۵
־Դ󣬴ŶʮӣƲüëĺӣټͦεˣͦϲС˵ġ
һ꣬۷۵ģȻһͣȻѾʮˡ
꣺
ĺô
˼Ҷʮˣʮˡ
ʮ˿ʮˡ




102.  240-242   

˵̽, ԸоҸϲ񺼣νֽ, Ҳûյ仨, 񺼻ﶼˡ
̽ڸм͡
յٵÿļ仨, û˼ҡ
СƵĽһֱ, ̲ס٩һϱ, ôŻǲЩʣ
Ҿ⻨ÿ, һȥƿ
Сһǰ, Ҫ㳤ү, ҶŮװ
˵ģʮǲȨԼĻˣ
ԴϴţƼӾû뿪
ÿιȥ, żƹ
СȻƱˣת, Ҳ֪ĸôö߷, ĸͳһ䡣
˵ʲôϼ, ǶõԵݡ
ʲôɲŮòġ
, ǰˣԩ, һͶûɽɳˣĸʹ, ôתأ
ԼԼ¡
СҪôţȥ
С²Լ£Ŀһ, ͣСӣǲǿˣ
ͷһʶؾֱͦ˱Ӧÿ˰ɡ
ƽصصʮ죬Ǳ߻ŻأԵңҲˡ
С˿ͺá
ˣʵӲȥȢǸ塣
ܱü޸ƴǸɵȱǿ
㱻жˡ
ȻһŤͷͼͿСҪﲻͬأ
С˼Ϊʲôͬ⣿
⻰ʵöסˡ
ˣʦ֣ǲյȥﻹԸѽ
ʱԸǱΣΡ
û
ˡ
СͶ˼ΣʵûʲôʵԵá
Ӷ׵ͷףȴֹǷһ̨ס
״Ԫ־˺ԺƷ׫
񺼺Ʒıޡ
ʿĿԶˣֱӱ˹ְͱСǸ˲ֹһ
ֹСĽ˺һᣬҲڶ೯Ҳ۷׷ס

ûԺ˯á
ճɼһһ˶ӡ
϶˳뷹Ҳѱ˺ЩС߸˳
С߲Ŀһܡ
걧ģ˰ɣ쿪ʼǼܲ
Ȼδ䡪
ͼƹͺˡ
ģҵļλӡ
ദôʱ䣬Լϲġ
ƹ͵͵һԣСˣӣܲټһѽⲻΪ̽𣿵ʱ·ټһᣬֱͷд̽
æסײܵ
ƹ£
ͷп硣
¹ʲôøˣһ㣬һǸҲͱȥ
֮Ҷݣī߶ûϵ
ץ³ѸʲôϵһһΡ
ƹΪź˵ģ̽ˣǰŴϣʱ˿϶ࡣ
죬Ҿòס
һ˶֪ˣһ͢ٲҵְС飬Ƕûӣ಻˼
׵ˡ
ƹðд򡣡
꣺
⻹ּۻˣ
իһŮĵĻ
١ĳɹҲвٹд˻Ͷ壬˵ǰдĵҲתдŮġ
Ǵ¶
ԣλ֮ÿ°Ůĵ¸ֿ
ŮµףС
ʱҲ뻰Ӽһ
ôΣֲǹ
崺Ǻѽܹأ崺Ѿᵽˡ
꾪ô
ˣ
ˣŶĸ꣬
ƹԣæдɣͷôһڡ
ҪҰɣ
дòС
ƹŵıһ˲䶼ֱҪ̫ˣԺÿ¶ŷ桭
˵ĩֻһΪʲôһţ
ǲе̫ˣ
ƹǰŮһֿˣȻš
ߣ˵˵һŷҶǮ
ô˵Ҳμӹ¹ɽʫġ
ҲСˣܻܲǶɡ
ƹ
һ
۸еѽ
ƹһҭʮ
꣺
ſʾҪáҪ¡
˵ü۸һºôжʮأСҲⲻǣǱôشӦˡ
ڻ֮ǰƹܡ
ÿҪǱ棬ҪܸĿʱݻоá
ƹͷھͿԸ
ǣͼҲˣƹٶȼӿ˲ӣͬʱƹм䣬һ߿ĵغϲһЦƹٶȱǿǿˣһŵһʱǵϲأû뵽һ

˵ϲ֮⣬˸
һһ̿Լ
˵Էѻùȥóȥ˭Ҳ֪ȥˣԷӳɡ
Ŀһۣôࣿ
ðɣһʮԷҲͳӣϾæװѣܿء
죬ȷʵࡣ
ƹˣ˵ɱˡ
ǷԴ˾˾Ͳôˡ
ҧİɣˡ
ʮһҲжʮˣŬʮ꣬ӦլӰɡ
ޣ

Դصң½½вͺ
ĻܱߵھӣһЩǰδĹԱ
ľԺˡ
Сȫǵ˲ϣڶ컹ԸһƾȻʮҳһҳļҡ
Ҳʮˡ
Сµ˲صģЩǳ
ͷ˹Ա֮⣬һЩһ̼֡
мҶϵҲҹϵõģмʡģͨݽܹ˵֪꣬һͬ˽ʿҶ͵ʾһ£ŷ
СµˣСĲ£ǻƵգǸպðڸƣЩ˶ʶʶصѡԶ¥ɡ
Ҳȥһ£һϯʮʮĵ
СԼʮһĲ߲͡
꣺
һϯôô
ΪǮ̲סá
Сµ˷ģүǰˣھһп˲صǮ⡣
ֵô
С»˸ף֣˵ھǾﻹвҵģ겻ҪǮҲҪż׬Ǯ
ԼС¶֪ˡ
мЦЦҾϲһղˣʵҲǼҪǮ
ţǳ͢ˣҲйʵˡ
˵࣡

¥ӵ¶Сһȥˡ
껹Ըμһ硣
ⳡȫǽ¿ƽʿڽȥ֮ǰС·ϸ˿һ£ǻʵģΪﳤûлʺʵһģп̫Ҫôǰѳֹĵ
ȻǣλûǴһġ
ΪӻδȫãԴܾ󣬱һֱڹչ;˼ӡ
˹С˰ɣ
ͷ
Ϊ⣬ƻʵ۶˵̬ȣӲҲٿ㲻ͬѰ
͸˵ˣʱ䱻Сð֮󣬶ǽһ
һʲô紵ݶܹС˼
͵һ㲻ʮˡ
Ų㻪󣬿ɾͶ֮䣬ܶҡ
˵ǻʵˣǸղǴҴҼۣͶо١
ͬصͷãﻹᡣ
Ҳʮ꣬ҳҲͦƯģģ
˱𣬼ֱֵһᡣ
˶ֵҲ֪ƽʱʲôҾͷѽ
ں˳Ƶġ
Ϊѹʱʱѵͷͺܾġ
СΪʲôĹע˲һ

⼸еû£֣˵ģǰûôƹġ顱ʰϿ续
֣ʱһҲ˳
һһ
һͷ˼飬мһŷ⣬顰
ŷ𿪣ͷŵʮƱ
һŵһƱﻮ˳ȥ
ⱲӶûôǮ
һᣬæѶ
ϸ˺ü飬ȷÿŶǧƱͳʮš
ŷﻹһҳֽ֣дġ
СլӵģƱ㻨ǮС⼸˵ģʱ뿪ʱûԽա
С¼լĿһŲùܡ
Ǳߵĳʷٻᰲš
ʹʧֱ׾˾˰

侲һᣬָװ÷ŵ¡
˾˵׵ģƱòˣЩǾԭⲻ´֣ؾȥ
нŵģڻ
Ƥ㣬լԻһЩӡ
ԣÿٽѽ
µ黭ӣȻҳȥԡ
˻һ͵ʱ˳Щ±ζ˱߱ġ
ʹ󣬸ȥլӡ
֮ǰ¸ˣʱĸһ񻰡
ſʱƼݵͣſڡ
ܽţȻ᳤վԺ
᳤кɤӾͺһ
Ȼȴ᳤Աߵˡ
ſڣǰһļͷô̽˹綼ʶˣ

죬ܵ˳Ȼûɵôˣ
˵
ôͲˣ
Ҳ֪ô˵ʱ˵˻ԣұˡ
ġ
Ͼʲô׽
˵ʲôҲ˵Լзִ磬ٲЩʱ仹úùϰĶɽء
Ӻӣ»ҩʳ
߰Ū¶ˡ
ԳɼǶµףǾʹۡҲʮˣϢԴ͵ϲ
Դ˳ƽأԼļǹϽΧڣһӳʿȻ˵òˡ
һ˽ӵϢ˵겻ڣɸھӷϲǡ
ʱӾͻˣġΣƢֺõ÷˸ˣǷȫң¸˵ˣý
ԣǲûмݵˣ
ˣǲ᳤
ҵľʡݣҲˡ
һʹȻʵˣ᳤ͦ죬Դǹˡ
֪ûŻݵ˹ȥֱ˾Ҳܲ
ˣڨڨ´᳤磬˵ɡ
᳤֪໰һȽ˿
ֵأ
µôżȰһѣ˵ġ
ʱǸµĽС°ɣҪȥ˵ǶϯЩͺˡ
С˵ӡ
һȥ
һѾҲ̫ˣһⲻأ
һϣ˵ʲôأҰģһϲ׼Լӡ
˵Сȥ¥ϯ棬ǵð¸ƳȥģЦ磬ˣʲôʱȥ
ۣȥʲô
һҭⲻǻûլ𣿡
סĿ֣ĵ̣ºˣҪһȫס಻˼
ԼԲȾˣϼҴڵ̫ˡ
ٺЦ˵ιһĿġ
˻ԣĵȻˣһһھլӰɣסҲ㡣
ҲܰլӵǮʡ
Ҳ֪˭˵ģһĿر󣬹լһ¶úüء
ⲻլӻ㣬ټ½궼ʮˣ׬Ǯʲôá
ܲС˾ôš
ھϱϼʲô¶򸸡ĸ;ã̯Ѿȶ
տţ϶ûʲô⡣
ͰŮ򷢵ˣ²ʲôã
һ߶
ؼ˾Ҳкô
ֲˣֻøϾˡ
ԣ㲻صûסĵطҲ֪һסﲻ㣬ҺһȥͷѰլȥǮ㲻õġ
껹˵ʲôô˲׼ȥ˰
Ƕ磬֪һլӶǮ𣿡
ͷΪ۵ղ᳤ⶼǸס𣿾һլӣܶϼҼʮˡ
׶СԺҲʮµģؽٺһЩһˣӼƷһӦ壬ҲͶͷĶǲġ
ȻҪŶ̴ľҾӵȵǲܵˣѰ˼ҵĶȫ㹻ˡ
һ˵Ҫլӡ
᳤׼˶ӡ
׼˵᳤ȴֻҡͷ
˵һ£ĿǰסطһլӣҲǧ
ɰһ
µʱ㹻ˣһǧ붼ۡ
᳤Ҳ˵ˣǮ԰æһЩ
껹˵ʲô
磬˰ɣϢᣬҳȥǾϯôˡ
Ҳۣһȥ
˵žסĸ첲ҡڵĸš
꣺
ӣʵЩܲ˰

ľ飬ŻҪ˵
ȻţսСֹ갡ղ˶࣬粻˼˵ھ˵
ͷƤһ飬׼˵°ɣ
ͷһȻֿʼ߶߶ˡ
Ҳû˼ʹˣٲˣ˵ݣŮ޸Ĵڣ˭ûɹס
Դǵ磬Ҳˡ
ɻڴˣҲ޵ģ顣
Ȼ֪ʲôˣɱ˲֪ѽ
ԣץʱ䣬췹
˶ֵҿɸ˵һ겻ڼ˶õأƽʱôʵͦϲġ
꣺
ôүѹѽ




103.  243-245   +

¥լӲԶ
, ߸һҾ͵ˡ
һ·϶ϴԣʱûվ, ͸оһ, ֻøС߼Ƶ, ǰ, յǰվ
µһ, Źϲһ
Ѿ, ҪҪ˵, ûʲôɾӵĵط
Ƕҷġ
겻, ơ
ƹ񽫲˵ݸģؿһ飬ݸûʲô⣬ðһͦġ
²㵱ۡ
·, ˴һʮ졣
˵ˡ
˵ʲôץʱ, Ůɾܲˡ
˳, ˺Ӱ, ˵ľͲһ, Ҳɲˡ
걧걧ĸ, Ӽͥλˡ
޲øһӡ
Ȼ꣬òֿͣʼˡ
ӹ˵ɨһ顣
ûɨˣؼǿ, ôһľ͸ˡ
ʮ˾ʮӣһһӣǳԷѽ, С
۵ذѲ˵˻ȥ
Ͳ˵ʲô
긧סĿڣͦãӶģ϶û⡣

͵Ӿڵڶ졣
С»صңѾͷӸʰһӡ
˳һ졣
ʱһȰơ
걾Ͳã˾еκġ
òˣ׼¡
һõٵ𣿡
ҲգѾƵݸãһôˣһžˣ̽ɣѵǲö
ҧʲôΪҲ֪
ͳòϲΪ¡
ſ˯òʡµŪطȥ
ŪŪ
ѾͷӾʰôһ䷿
Ͱͻط䣬ѶȥԼʱͷַŴͷˡ
µͷ𣬡ˣȥչɡ
õҳҷ䡣
´Ҷˣѹüֲͣ
ֲ
ͷøﻹ

ſǻ˺һᣬֻﴫĵٲߣѵҪôҶ֪δз֮ʵ
Ҳ˵ˣѽȡ
޸ĹûһҲоʮˡ
ôȥ֪Ǽٷޣý˶ܰż̤ˡ
ûӣֻҧȥ
ڴϺ˯ֱ꣬ɸ֡
ͲȾơ
ԼĽţûŪһ𣬵ô̡
T_T

˯ҹʱﴫһŵòӴϹ΢⣬ϸ˳ڿĵذϼһӰ
߹ȥϸһƾȻ
ˣԴеۡ
һᣬûѣֻԼȥŪЩˮϴһ»ص˯
ܲҡ
˷ĺֱҪ
ڴϷȥôҲ˯ţֻñͷȥ鷿
鷿ϴպ˰ϣڶ죬С½ʰ鷿ʱͼϱͷ춯żѵۡ
Сµӣ˯𣿡
˵Сʤ»
ôϳˣ
̫Ѩ֪ô£Ҷ˸˯ˣǺ춯صģҾͱͷˡ
С£ǲǾүȶ˾ߴˣС˰ѿͷʰˣүסġ
ǣѾµʲô¶ˣЦŰɡ
˵ţͼŲ˽꣬ԭѽһˡ
С¼˵һȥʰˣտܼвٿҪ
һţ˼Ҷ¸ˡ
հ˾ϯЩͺġ
½½Щһȥʮң룬ʱĸ˾롣
˵סһ𣬵Ҳܷһ
һЩ͸оͷô
æͷ˷䡣
ҲŽˣŲӵ꣬϶ңһŬ
һֱŲͦܵģ磬û°ɣ
ˡ
һӭأڱӡ
ǳʦ
Ҫȥͷ⸽мҽݴ൱á
ÿδſ·ŵһرŵĸҩζ
˵иֻҪǼҵĸҩ̥ûסġ
˵λãԸȥˡ
һڼʰҲ֪ж֮ðڵĶðϡ
Ҳһæ
ʱСǶ
ҲװһˣԺ̧ףԱһ˰æס
˹ȥ
СһŰ꣬Ҫʲôæ𣿡
˵ţۡ
ЦҪģ鷳ʦһſд¿ˡ
ϵʮа˾ŶϵãСͲһˣСϵģھԱܶԵϺš
СһҪȥſվڡ
˫ض£Цʦ֣㻹ûǽأλ˭ѽ

Ȼæ˽¡
ϱ
˱죬СȷӦЦŴкɩӺã
Ҳæк
ǣ˺á
Сȥſӭ͡
°æڼûúõĵطá
ĵûãһѾذѹӸϴˡ

ʱƼԼλñ˸ռˡ
ԼĲӸ֧һᣬظȨ
Ķ˸硣
µ׸磬ʽݹóɹ׵ϱ
Сֱ۽ǡ
òغһ˸硣
Ȼһվſӭ͡

겻ʮ߰ꡣ
ʥ׵̽˶Ϊǻδס
չԾƵģкܴһֶýģſһվ󷽷ظҽԼ÷
һʱ佽ͷŻ
ȥ¥ԷʱҾơ
ˣ뷽跨Ľ
һ¡
ڴҶ֪ؼûŮ죬֮⣬ԼھӼҵļСһҲһ
඼಻ɡ
˰ȨҲǳɹһ롣
ϯûɢͱòʡˡ

Ҳˡ
һ˵ԼŮСܴװϵױȴδϴȥ
Ĳ£Сһȥ
СȥѾ
ºͷкˣصȥæɣչ˾С
СЩģһҺʵӣ̫ǱߵˣǱȥкȥˡ
ͽʱطСιѾ
һæǰشˣѧɡ
˵žͽסˣͬʱСѾŵԱߵСϣش˽հ˴æ̫ллˣµɡ
صӦõģӦõģ⺢һУջ˹ôࡣ
룬ʵҲûȶ١
ƽʱҲǼ͵
ζŨһζǿܶһЩ
յľƾ˵Ƿľƣ񾢸һЩֹøһЩ
ιڣָιȥȸ˯ûʲô԰ֱӷŵ˴ϡ
е㵣ģвУ
͵û£һشǲȳȥɡ
ػߣȥҴҴǡ
ĿصɨһȦһȦϣĬһһ˷䣬˴԰Сͯ˹æտһԼظͳš
شָпѣѣϷˡ
΢΢ЦҲرá

һֱ
Ѿʰɾˣ͸˱衣
꣬оͦģЩԵġ
һŤͷͼͻ
ֵʦ𣿡
͵ͷ꽫ԵĶ˻ط䡣
±ζĶ棬Ҳ
Цʦ֣˵£ǸһԸ
ͰŴ򿪣ԺҲûˣСѽص¸˵һ¡
һ
ʶľЦ
͵Цǰɣʲôϵ
ЦǰǼǼҵĶˡ
͵ȫһ
ڲŷ֣۾ֺܴôţXƵģ޴Ρ
ֻӲͷƤץ˸צ
ʲôһģΪǰһҰɡ
ûӻҲץ˸צ
˳ĬһԣͻȻǲǹʮ壬͵ȥԺˡ
ͷʦʲôʱԣ
ӵϢ¶ʮɼµ׳
ʱ䣬ѾвμʿԵĿʼ½½ˡ
Ҳеͬʿʼ١
ʦʱ䲻ȥ𣿡
ȿȥһȥլӣþͶ
᳤еʱ̶ӻؾ
Ŷһͷмצ
ͼߣЦô᲻ߣ
ûⲻ֪
ϼߵڡ
СǷֵ˺ü
ҲˣҪֿЩʧ䡣
ҲĵѹӰˡ
һ·໥֣Ӵ˵еĺ߹񡭡
͵ʵֻǲסһլˣԺֲǲ档
껹ǲ˵
ְο䣬Ц˵ʦֶˣǸŮʦֿϲˡ
ŸһЩǹʲôĻȥɡ
͵ѽ

С½ʱͼһ߳ԶһŹȥͬѡ
Сµӣ̺;үһȥˣ˵̸⡣
С˸צһԡ
СµлҲ
һļצܿͱ˿ˣæû˵Сߣʰ·䣬һȥ˺Ժ
С߿µĽһ
ųӣ˻ᡣ
»ʱһԺվԱ߿һᣬĿǰҲһ˰ɣ
꣺
ҪҵĶӰ

ռ»ûô˵
ûһС߸ؽ
ͺСºʶȤһȥ鷿ˣһȥ׼յĲ˵ȥˡ

ʱźúýլӸһ顣
󣬸ҲйоأԺС֮⣬гӻ䣬˵ӲӻԱǼ䡣
˹ԭڰСߴɨѵСѾʶȤ뿪ˡ
ĵؿڣլҲ֣ģ
ͷԭȽʱҸ黭֣һȥȰլӽסǮլӾͿ԰ߡ
Ťͷһۡ
꿴öʱһֻצӲԾر㿪ʼ½ǡ
¼΢΢Ц֣㻹ͦһѽ
С˵յľϯɲأ֣æǮ
լˣҲ֣ġ
˵˲࣬ǸеöˣСʱھ
֣С¶ر𾴣Լһ
Լס˵̺ţ˵˿ЩͷʲôɼҲͰˣƫƫҲ͸Ⱥ˼ڿΡ
걻öֱðҶ㲻˵ԵְҪȥֻĸӣ
£
㻹Ҫֻ
ֻ

Źɶ£ѾСߣһ꣬ǵͷӦˡ
뿪һѽ˻ռˡ
ͷ
ĬһʦƳˡ
ȫӣΪʱûСµʱ˵ˣǲ֪һң꣬˵Ǽҡ
ӵʱ»ûɺġ
ôһԱȣƳˣǲ˸С
µǹã
ҡͷϵãҵұ硣
ǰԭؼʱϼҵˣҲ
żˣҲʹкѡ
ĵطؼҸݹȥˣûӡҲû
ͻȻЦˣǲɵѽ
꣺
ú첻ѽ
˿Ҫ´λø棬İʱһñӣҿɲϲԭɫ
Ǻһ˵ʱ䱻ܶʾأ
һ£ವϳ塣
һʮॵĴˣһСѾˣʱʱ˶ڡ
ĥĥҰ˱ˣơ
һֵÿ˱ѽ

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ٿȵģЧ෭˱
Ҳ˵ĿǰӦжǧӡ
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ƾûʲô⣬㽫˱
תһ룬ĿǰӼҲǧҪ򷿵ĻҪô½ƷҪôº
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˵µƷΪʲôҪ۳ѵÿֺ첻𣿡
ãⲻҪ𣿡
Ҳһһһ롣
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ǲǵģǷֿ֮Ǳټˣ
һڣһѽ˱˻
ȥҪϢˡ
꿴ܻӣˣһԷе㲻£æȻȥˣҸղƼˣҲ֪˶٣СιѾء
ǽŵĨܵ졣
һżű顱һ
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104.  246-248   ҷ

С½ߺ, ˸ʰ˸䡣
չ
ȵñȽ϶࣬ʱң˺һ, ˲١
ȥʱ, ڴͷѾ
, ૵갡, ͷ۲ۣ
ҡͷ
Ŀ, ǰŰ, ʲô¶ðˡ
뼸̸, һȶ, ܵҪԼ뵰
ѾѾôˣ˵ŻƤֱ, 뿪ˡ
͵Ʒʵô
һɹζϸһ, ղűһ
͵һȥϴϴȥ
ϴ, ˰, Ҳôˡ
Цʡŵ, ء
꣺
򷿹Ȼǧ⣬ּҵƶġ
ص, Լûģִֿһ͸
ͺЦǰжѽ
㿴㲻֪𣿡
ȷʵ, ݵò࣬˶ӿʳһȦһȦڸСվһ𶼲Եͻأˡ

ڶ, Ĳ㲻ôˡ
ҩߵĶɢһŨҩζ
Ųֹ꣬˵ôôã
ˮˣŵôˣ
գǲ𣿡
ȵ´ӼľƣԭҶͨҴǼõľơ
ҵˣ±˱Ž˾ʱʹ˼ľơ
ĿһȾƣ˾úã뿪ʱСĶġ
С˵ǼԼľơ
ʱСһͿͣ˳˵һ䣬Լġ
ҶҺҲˡ
ҶûӺֶӣΪ࣬ǰΣҶ˾ˡ
Ҷһȵľؼҵľơ
һᣬҲ˵˼䡣
ʾƻûУ
һЩϲȥһ̳ӡ
Է̻ģæһ̳ǲҪø࡭
ⲻ̸ˡ
磬¾ǳȥ̸ȥˣ̻һԷǸŮ˲Ȼˡ
һĴȵȻȵͦܣҲֵˣⵥ̸ˣ̻ǱԼ̶ӣͻɷ㰲ȫˡ
꣺
Ȼá
ȻϱӾûѡרҵƷѽ
꼴Լôʱûȥһ̲ס¸ˣһ͸̿ˡ
ţүү

һϯֹһҿµľơ
¥ƹڶҲ
ιˣ˸ҶҴ˼̳֮⣬˱Ʒ֡
̫࣬ҲԣƵʱҼҾ¥ܷóȥ˭֪һͣһӾʹȥˡ
°Է˵
ƹǶʲôƣÿҴȥһ㣬ƹóʱᡣ
°ÿƶװС
ƹһСƿѾơ
Եľƹ񻹲⡣
˿̼ѾƣȤŨˣҲԼģ
µͷЩƶԼģصģԭ϶ϺõģԼҵֵġ
ƹһԼֵģһʱеˡ
һŵҲԼֵģ
ЦѽԼֵġ
ҲǵʱҪֵʱ򣬲֪ͷѲô֣ǳ͡
ǰһЩ˵Ѿ޽ˣټְֽũֲջʱɸͷ
һŬȥѵĲһ
ƷҲ˲٣˵ҪЧ˲٣нǳɹˡ
⣬ѲãƷҲࡣ
󲻹ȥģȰֻ߹֣ÿλæϼꡣ
ö֮ǿѾ˲ٶˡ
ƹѿô
¼ʾƣֻѣ֪ƹʲô˼ˣЦȵСһЩɣΪƷֲһСҲ̫ȷ
̫Զ˲ġ
ҪлᣬֲԣȻƹôѣ˵ھûУ⻰ûͻͻЦﲻ࣬Ѿûȥ
ƹЩźҲ֪·;ȷʵǸ⣬˵˼Ƶ±뿪ˡ
ˣ˽Ц˵ʲôţ˾϶ڼˣⲻô̵ʱ䣬кüǵľˡ
ºߺ
ðӰѾϹèˣĺ÷Ķȥѽ
ǰȫһΪʻţϡ
ϴ˲ؼȥ
ȫһΪ˹ʺˣôһ
겻ͺˣŸ˭ѽ
ǻ׬Ǯô˼껹أ
¾֪²գһȥ߰˳ľƣĻ컹˹̸⣬̸ˣ̶һˡ
Ȼ»δ䣬Ҿ֪ҴߣΥ
ʲôʱܱ
̶ȥһˣֻԼȥˡ


ʵڲߡ
˵ˣôòʧһҧ̶һˡ
һߵĲֹʡһҡ
¥Ǳ߾ÿҪٽ
ԼҲ˸ȥΪǶԷԼĳԾƼ۸ѹѹ
̸۸ʱǰѼҶ뵽һ̸ģ۸ǳ͸
뽻׻һЩ˶ǳģʲôļ۸ʲôƷﶼԼĶλ
ôһҲûκˡ
£ԼŰ졣
Ҳһţһ㣬Ĵǵ߰˰ˡ
⼸һ˶һǧ
ʱѻٸµɡ
լˡ
ˣչһЦҸо˾ˣԼСլˡ
µһۣô˦ң
ҡͷǵǣǾԼ򣬻Լĺá
ȨʵҪġ
µ£ϵӣ˾ǮһǧǿլӣߵضκЩլӡ
СլҪһЩ
ʱϿ϶ý򸸡ĸ˵׼ĺϲҲù
ҪھˣżҲġ
ĸˣھﰲӸѧϰ
˵뷨еСá
룬ȷʵ˽ӣҸ˽ӣƽʱڼѰѹصҲǲϾȫĽԴˡ
껹˵ʲôȫźˡ
µ᳤˸լӣһȥ
û뵽ٶô졣
Ķ
ʲôһ֦ͬ
һֱþĺͬȡ֡
סһƬɣ϶ǲҩġ
ͦġ
߸һӰɡ
ʱ䲻ˣȥ˻顣
ЩӳԼ֮⣬С־񺼶ˡ
ǰѧεʦ֣ο˲׵Ҳ˾ƣһȥҡ
ʱ䶼ûúö顣
ջصͼС᳤ˣ󻹸һλʮĸ˺һʮꡣ
ԻһλŰʮϸˡ
껹⸾˿е졣
·ʱϷƵģС鲽ȫȹڵķȡ
һƣȻ
æӭȥӣˡ
Դ½˾;ģһʱ̶ˣòǳʲô°ɣô˻û
һ־ãǲǲȵ߰뷨
ǽ˸εˡ
ĸЦЦѽˣÿЩأ
ĸһضܵγˮ
ʦֳȥլˣ⸽˰һ
ĸ鷳ˡ
Ц鷳鷳Ӧõġ
˵Լȥ裬С°͸Ѱ

լҲ˺üˣ½½Сһ߰˸լӡ
լҲɼ۸ʵеڸߡ
ձλòһЩģСͯһȥģʱ˸ַͻȻˣҲ
СӦһȥˡ
ò裬˵ĽĸѾˡ
ĸ֪ϱ֮󣬴żĽãȳɼҺҵҲǼҰͣ궼ʮˣ»û
˵¡
ɻָ˻
᳤Ϊݻ£뿪ˡ
ת˸˳ȥ
µģʦѾ˽ʿΪһ˲ţҪĹǣЩӣвھҴء
ĸЦǴ

죬Լ岻죬ĸ˵һطȥˡ
վ͵ȥԺΪһ
ֿܣԺʲô
˼ƮúԶ¹ʱ̫飬ְ˳һգŻع
ʦֻأ
µͷǰ𣿡
Ρ
һǴǻʱͻؼҡ
͸˶̧˽ȥڶΣ뿪ʱ̵ʱ
Ŷһ
һж
Ǹоĸͦ֡
ɫǿʽСﴩģѿҲЩͷˡ
Ϊһֱͦãѿͦµġ
Ȼ˵Υ͸С
µʦּҾΣ
аɣȲʦּ˵мĶĵذɣسǻӳš
£
ԣμҲûǮˡ
곶һᣬ¾ͻطȥˡ
հ˻μһˣǵǲǲˣ
ҪǲУʦּһ
µǾУһʦ˵һҽЩˡ

ȥΣĵһֱţһ˵Ļ
ֻ˻ʵ̫˴ٴʱǱ͸ҡѵģڵ͵һ˫۵꣬ʱ˵¡
룬ʱѽⲻ˯
Ժһᣬ˵ļӲˡ
͵ʦ֣ҽһɡ
͵˵Ĳ¡
ĸιȫҵˡ
Դ˵ҪͿʼءլӡ
˸׼
ιѸŮҲˣһλĶӣҪѧϰꡣ
ҲǱЩ͵Ľ̵֮
ԴԺ
øǻҲƴһ䣬ƴһ䣬Ҳƴ¡
ֱʶĸƴҪھģ˸飬ǳˣԣʦԺ󶼲ûϼ𣿡
͵ͷ˵Ĳ¡
յĵţǹһ¡
ĸǰ˵Ļͦż͵¡
ȻʱҲû˵ͬ£֮һ仰ȵ
룬ҲԼҶӳˣҪȢˣʱĸڣǸ
͹ţǶףҲҵС
ԣȥС˵һ
ﲻã䡣
Ϳȥҵ
ôЩˣϸÿȫˣôСǶҲˡ
ؼǣԼ˵׼˭
ڴ
ΪʲôܺúõĹӣǵһпѾˡ
ʱԽԽϣã
ļ硣
Ҳ֪οڰο
ûиûС
˳ĬһᣬҪʰɣϾʱ䲻
ͱСһ㡣
С˵нʿʱˡ
ԴûмͲ˺ü꣬˲֪Ҳпԭ
͵˭
Ҷˡ
ǰҶ˵ĶλһܺõĿͻǮȨ˻
Դ֣ҶչģҶ˾˳֣Ӫ
֣ڣҲֻҶŵùˡ
οҶǴСھôҲ͵겻˶١
˫һȥʡ
겻˼ܺȥ𣿡
յȥԺϰˣУô궼ȹȥˣҲں⼸ա
ʦҶҲ֪أ
΢΢һ㶣˿治֪Ǿ˵ЩǼٵģǱ˸ƭˡ
ƭС£Ҳû˵
ҲһֿܣûƭֻҲǾġ
Ҳ˵ˣĹٻ˵رǳ˶Ľôһõķһȥġ
꣺
ʵٻ׼ĲһǾѽ
ʶЩˣҽĶǹٻ
ΪҪ٣Եҵˣٻ׼ȥʥʱ򣬻ʵҷ

ĸûԼ˶Ӷʮꡣ
ˣһˡ
궼֪ΰοˣоɲҶˡ
͵˵ˣ˯ɣһȥլӣԭȻլӣǴⲻȥˣҲֻլˡ
ʦǮ𣿡
ˣ
һŮ
ҲãǺ桢ĸȥţֻʣǹ¶ĸμЩ˴ûҪռǵļҲʲô£æǶ飬ī׼ˣ˵ʲôѧˡ
ʦĸÿնзˣ룬оμҵļҷá
ҸоҲࡣ
һ˶ͺģҲ֪ϱû
߶߶˵ţԺ˯ˣֱСͷţŴӴ
źںϣյִǣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Сµˣîʱˡ
û˯ԴһƬݺ
ָͷ˰죬ҲûǼ㡣
糤ҹ̣ʰñͳţͷ¶ǰףٹ̫ͬͽ¶ˣҲһգĹ򣬽ֱߵС̯ˣ
СµˣǱߵİرóԡ
ҡͷС¶ˣһֻͷůůģϣ㲻ˣԼҰϾˡ
С³ǡ
˼ҵҪô磬׷磬굹ãȡ
ҲÿƥĸȻ׼˸Ӧ
С¿ĵ²꣬Ц˱Сģүʱˣ뾩û֪֪ȵˣСĶ£Сٴ߼ˣҲ١
꣺
ܸо֣ʶ·һԸͱ˳ȥ




105.  249-251   +լ

ͷһϰ, Һûˡ
Ҳǰŵſڡ
־³Цɣһȥɡ
Цһ, Լ֪·, ں, λʦִһ
񺼵СʱҹҶ塣
Ĳ󿴹顣
ôһ˵, ŷ, ҲǴСطġ
־ʲô֪, ߱߸ܺԺĲ, ÿÿӵô
궼һһ
ͷ, ԺĴǻûϰ࣬ԺվһᣬƼѧʿˣиѧʿЦ׫޺ر𣿡
æӦһ
´Ҳϵ, ˳㰤˸ҽܡ
˵ǽյһλ˶, , ʵҲûʲôҪ, Ҳǰæʲôġ
˸˵ˡ칫ҡ, ֪Ժʵ̫æҪᱻĲŰæ, ûоԼһĶֵأڱдһũ顣
˼¼ũߺũֲ֮⣬Ҫǰũøд
ǰũܵĴ󲿷ֲ, ֳʲôҲûϸ˵
Ǿ͵ϸ˵Ƕǰũһֲ䡣
ұһ, ණʵѾʺֲˣ־ͷƬ֣ʺֲģʺʲôطֲΣд
񺼷ǲһЩʺϾõһġ
꿴ֽ飬඼ûĶһӾͷˡ
⹤ôֵˣӦð¸ġ
־Ǳ˺ЩԷ״ԪһǴƷ׫ֱȥڶȥˡ
˵ʵҲòϡ
˵ǷһЩһжߵĲΪʱ򲻹Ǳдԭϡ
ҪѶıҵٱҳϣűźá
ļ

ھﳤģ²˺綼ֲ壬˵Щ߰㣬вĶˡ
񺼵شˣЩʶ
̫࣬⼸û˵ҲпǱ߽еͷĲһ
ƻͷΡ
Ҳкü֣˵صķԲһзǧ
عϣɽõӡ
꿴ͷͦҪ⼸ʶİɣʶһȥӡ
ͷյһ룬ͻȻסֵʶЩ
ͷⷽͦоģڹ޽ӷ棬ũͷǱȽоģֵѺ͹ӣȱֵĸͷ󣬿ڸҲࡣ
ҪǣƬɽزûʱ䣬̫СоǼҵĹӻͦġ
Ժʱˣ벻׬Ǯѡ
˵һأԼҡ޼ңһȥ궬ֵʲôĶ¾֮һ
ֵģ˸Ƴ
ԣֻý˫
񺼲˼ѽһû˵ĸŮֵֵرõġ
Ůˣ˻ֻ֮⣬ͷò
Цӽȥˣ˹ӣҸ˴
񺼳ǣûãҪϻ֪ȥˡ
˵ţͼ߹ͷĶλʶ٣
Լʶĸ˵һ顣
˵ȻǴģ¾ͽˣúøɣǲż
ˣ˵ش˻û滭ЩũﵽʱҪͼģش˰Щϱעܷ֮æһͼ
Цû⡣
˵Ǿͺãæɣϣ֮ڰЩȫ
꣺
񺼳˵ıӰţʲôѽҲǱꡣ
ҿͦˣΪܾˡ
ǰǰ˵׼û
۵һЦˣнʿ飬ôܿͣҺǣ궼ʮˣٿ㣬Ҳʮ˾꣬˵ˣ
겻˼ҷǳˡ
񺼵ˣһҰɡ
䲻ʶֲҲϡ
һ߲һ߼ǣһϲʮ֡
궼ҳǵϵĴҲõϵ·˳˸ţͷ˸㣬ƺ棬ϼ򵥵ļ飬עҳ롣
ҵʱ򣬰ͷļ¼һЩ
񺼵㻹ǡ
ôʵ
ôûмĹƲ
ʦ־𣿡
񺼰ڰ֣úñðɡ

һ̫һȥˣʱ⽫ԶһЩ
񺼵ȥЩˮ
Ӧһͷҡ
Ϊһֻͷβܲ׾ӣҵϵʱǴͷβһ飬ȷ֮󣬱㽫в̫һĵñʼ¼ȥ¡
һһҲ˶ʮֲ
˹˵ĹЧʱͼűڱϷܱʼ飬һԺȲ衣
˺ڣǶˣ
񺼵ûأһ˰ɣ˵ҪӦȫꡣ
˱ҭþͲˡ
һдĶˣվȵɣռ
ʲôʱ꣬ʲôʱá
һʱûסıطŵϡ
̲ס²۵ʲô˲ģ𣿡
ʦȻذɣﻹеûꡣ

һദ
񺼸ۣʵͽ
һûӡ
ȷʵܺദ
־Ľ㣬ܺشһ㲻֪Ƕ˵һʵҲһˡ
˵Ժļλ˲ڣͷЩɢ˲١
ټϹʱҪˣҲ׷׿ʼǱߺ٣Զϵ鶼رġ
˵һ׫Ǳ߶ϵġ
ٴһѹء
ǸС۷䣬˵ϣⲻһûУ꣬ϻü컹µУ
ôһ˵񺼵ƽˡ
㻹˵شһʲôܸɣһࡣ
ʱһᣬȫˡ
ҲԱߴ֡
æ裬졣
ֱһĹ顣
־ԣ͸͵ˣ˵һȥ廭
ȥ廭ˣôϵ¾ֻһˡ
񺼣

ջġ
ȻһĻңǿ׶ˣȥʱúġ
ر۾ر
һС¾Ϳĵһȥ·ʱҪЩ
Сµã
꿪ĵϳһƿӣûͷµտʲôĵ£
һôˣ
µ˵һȥլӵ𣿡
Ȼȥü𣿡
µͷ
֣ͷ˵ϰʱر磬°ʱҲ٣ҲŸյʱ
µôһϰࡣ
ܰ
ؼǺԺ飬ͷȫ˵汾Ҫ߼һЩ
ͷ飬ֶƴյĸо
͸ֹʹࡣ
ˮǺһ£ܰ͹ô
ˣĿǰڱһũ飬ϷҰæϣ÷Ĵ˷ģҿЩ
ֻ¼ʮ֣ϣѶȫʱðµĸϡ
·˷ɽأûƼǱУ֦Ҷïʢȴδ𣿡
ֵʱһۣҲӣǽҲ
꣺
ȣһĵΪʲôеļܷСеȴܡ
˵ż
Ѽ¼ĶʲôԵĵطͳͳ˹
˵ÿڸһˮҰ㶤
̧ͷһ±Ƶؿ𣿡
һҭͻȻ֣ˣֵವǸǰһ
ȷʵҲ᲻
ҲǣǾӢۡ
ҪϷ˵˵ƸУ༭


꣬ͷ¼ʮЩС⣬µϲȫ
Ҳ˵Щ棬ʮа˾Ŷ⣬ǳʱҸоһ㶼֡

ͷģһٷ
ؼҼϴһ£ɾ·źһȥլӡ
һ֦ͬ˻һСᣬ᳤ŹЦ˼յһղأЩʱ䡣
µ޷ҲǸչ
᳤˺ֱͬߵҾǡ
ſڹ˸֡
᳤լԭʡ᳤ҵģǶˣǾͬ˸ĽĴլӣ߾֣ص㱾Ǯ
ֵǼҰ˵ȱǮأôլˣ
᳤ЦǴϸ˵Ǽҳ˵¡
պȶ˾ƣ˴ܣ˸ˣԷǹټңⲻӾͱץȥˣ᳤ѴյȫˣǶԷǲУҲֻլˡ
ǴǮأլӼ۸ѹѹۣؼǮٶȿ졣
µȿ˵ɡ
᳤լš
ͷתȦ
լӲ˵լӣʵּСס֣լӴСֻ࣬ԺӸ
µҾլӳС㣬ĵط
ر£۸ѹ
᳤ǻȥպ𸴡
᳤ãߣ

ճͬںͬͣ
᳤᳤ҵİɡ
ԱһᣬȻҵš
ô˵լӵ˻ͦࣿ
µһֱ𣿡
һլǹҳȥʽǲſ¡
˵һ£ʾ᳤Ҫؼˡ
µ᳤ôæ·ǿլӣԾơ
᳤Ц˱ǶʡģæĻָ˭ѽ
᳤˵䣬˻ָ𣬼ųˡ
˳µС£ʱæһҵ顣
СӦһųȥһҿլӡ
ҲҩĺͬһƬ
ҵլӴ˲٣ȴƵúܣҪסúúһ
µլҪǷһ£ŵİ
ټͷļҾߵȵȣһӦø߰˰Ļ
ټլӵǮǵļҵ׶Ϳˡ
˾֪ӸͲӡ
ΨһòҲˣȽ˵ʲô۸񶼸ߣμȴȫͳһ
ϰͳһھ׿ϺõXX
ʵ׵ϼһëһеϼҵʣ˼ҧ˲ϣ۸㰮

һ翴լӡ
߶ٶЩë
ҪҵĿʵͦѡ
µļҺã
᳤ҵģĿǰ˵㹻סˡ
ں˭˵׼ҲһӶھϲͷȥ
عϡոӴӿɰƽأ˵Щӹ൱ʡ
֮ĹϵоֶթĹĶǣϰ࣬˵ʵȥѧУʦ
µǾ᳤Ұɣһ֦Ҳ
꣺

Ӽ
һöҪҵլӣķСһȥ˻᳤ˡ
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ҲǮǰԶ¡
극Ҳͷˡ
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⼸յլӣڿ׼һȥҲƹˡ
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ڷβͬ꿴еһ֦ͬͦͬƬҩ
۸ǧ壬ֻǧԼҲûӣһܵЩѲǣǱ
ãһӣʦʲôʱҪ
ͿԽԽá
ͷԺС߸˳Сߺһǰͷ˻
ĸһúܿģҲ֧һᣬͼվſڣЦźһ
ʮһ꣬Ǻöʱ䡣
һк͹ˡ
һСʱºСҲˡ
꽫߸Сߣӭȥô
Цô
ȥһǼŵǼңѾլӸˡ
꣺
ٶҲѽ
µû£⼸ٿ
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۸еҲ֪һڶûʲôǰ׬Ǯøˡ
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꿪ĵллү
ͼ˸¡
Ŵүʲô
±үǺÿһ²ŵʦеլӣģôô󣿡
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ҩƬ󲿷ֶǶ۸⼸Ҳڿǧ塣
͵βͬġ
µǲ
͵ͷ
µǼҵլЩ⣬򡣡
ҶլĲС۸ͦ˵ġ
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þĬһᣬСµլӿ϶ҲܼһʱҾͳˣĸٽСģСȥϸһʧźá
µأǲ鲻ϸЩûʦ־ÿԣٵգٴ
ͺһ뾩͹ŬѧϰЩҲϾˣլӵġ
͵һ˵һ
ʦżʿ֮լҲ١
Ӧһתȥˡ
껽Сһ쵽Ժͽӡ
⼸Щæûôעֻ˵¸ֻŮѡ
ղŷС߳ʱûϸƣС쵽ԺͼԭԶֻͻȻͰˣֹӽƵģٶȶ㵽˽
ֻλãȻڸмֲͣøղʱûƼﻹбĶ졣
СߴҡڰͦصؽԼѣϰԵһ귢ˡ¡Ľ
ٿһԱͷһֻĸ죬Ц㲻۸С֪𣿡
£




106.  252-254   ũ+廭+

ѵܡ
ɵСլš
ڶ, ûСº
Ҳ緹׼ˣпڼԵģҲпԴ·ϳԵġ
Сϰʱ, , ʵðߵ, ү˵, լˡ
ĵ, ֣ʱ߽ˡ
׵˼ҵլ, ȷʵ̫˼
򻹵Լ
Ϊʰþ˯, ˿ʱ仹һ졣
ر˳
˺Ժſ, ־Ҳǰŵġ
յĹġ
һ죬̸ϣʲôĿ඼׼ˡ
Чʱ˲١
ʱͽϵĶ˳
µʱ, ҳĶ¼Сϡ
񺼵ЩʲôȫԽؼҿġ
ϰˡ
˹ʱ, ˶, һ顣
һֽϵ, ֪¼ġ
, رòҡ
ڱϼǶֵر޼Щʲô
ǰûⷽ, νϣ˼ۣѧ˲ٵĶ, ԺʱҲܷ
ǰһֱֵʲôֵģ˷ϲ֪, ȷʵ֣ܺҪֺã־ŵɶˡ
ˣˣЩ⡣
¸ũϰԣԼֲøˡ
ЩҴԭвҵģطʵֲмĳ롭
ҲһĨڣ̬ȻϿɵġ
˻ø˼ơ
ͷллˣ¼ˡ
ˣ
˵°ˡ

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񺼺˵һǰؼȥˡ
껹жʮû˵գȥǶͼɡ
ͷ
Сͷ˶ˣſڵһһ뿪һˡ
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ͼһſǰ
СšüЩ۸Ǿû˰ɣˣôһѽ
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СĶԺĴҲǵģôһأ
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ջء
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Լɵ˽£ĺ˼˰æ
С£
ԣûб۸
˳ͻȻ𣬴ӦͣһȥҶ˵ġ
⵹ãʱȫˡ
С³С·Ͻȥ
СµˣûС·

صңѵʱڽ죬ڵ˲ˡ
ʰˣֻ
˫ʱſתȦȦ
ôֵô£ղ˵ʱ𣿡
ֻ˵һ飬˼һᣬһǾߡ
Ȼ°Ҳʲô¡
ϣʰֹӡ
͸ϽȥҶҡ
Ҷ˸ù˿СӺͼĹԺ档
˹Цź˻ɰҶ˼ҵСӸĻˣСʱˣ͵磬òá
Ҷ˿ƼûʹӶˡ
ҹŮǻᣬɽ£Сӣ첻
걻˼죬һ⻰ʶеⷢա
еô£

ҶҶֵĴԴ£⼸հѡұˣǱòá
Ҷͷھͻȥ
˵˺ѾӾˡ
Ҷһ鷿
һ·ϻôڡ
ܲһţ˵ϲʶ͵ĵ
˻ûڣҶ˱ںԺ
궼һһش
ҶЦúøɣⱾũű༭ãʱӡƣܼ֡
ûܹЦҪҲһСϲˡ
Ҷ˵СԿãر㡣
ԼΪԭ򣬴Ҫǿʹ룬ЩʵֵһᣬʱȴôҲת
ǣĸоһֱŬֲƽ̫࣬˶һ㣬ͷεġ
˵꣬Űѻתϡ

ĥһᣬŰѻ˳
˼ˣʵûķˣҲھסʮ꣬ҵ࣬ûмҵ
ҶĿһӾ䵽˻ϡ
ϵЦ΢΢һ١
ֺû
Ǵûмʦֳˡ
ĸ˵һģһɹ⿴⻭޷֮ϵһ
⻭Ҳ̫ˡ
ҶҡͷϷǾ忴Щ죬ȷʵû
һϣٿ͡
Ҳڿ
ͲͲ²⵽Ǿ仰ջǰѻȥ
Ҷ˵лСظ
Ҷ˵ؿŵùϷϷٰʡ
͵ͷҶ˵л
ʱ䲻ˣ˴ŻųҶҵš
˳ͽźã꣬Լצɣ
ܷٳ㣿
ôߡ

ҶôһˣһΪ͵ݣҪô˵Ҫôһƭ֡
ʵͨ˸õģֻ˵ݲ˵
˺üļצСһС
˵쵽˲Żصҡ
ͽļצر˰ϣ촽㳦ˡ
صĸĵƻţأļ硣
˿̨̤ס
ţŻȥϴ˯ȥˡ
ţ°Ķ꣬ϣͷε˴ϣѾ˯ˡ
ϴɵϣͷһ
Ĭһᣬͷŵͷϣʼһǧ˵ʱ򣬿ֹסˡ
ڶ죬ûС½üġ
СµˣСһɡ
˵ˣҪȥŵģôãϻĸֿ˰ʱû˯á
緹ûֱӴ˳
һϳͷ˯ſڣСʱŰѡ
Ϊʲôܰϰʱһ¡
ʵԡ
ûбҪðɡ
Ѳżôģ
ޣ

û˯ã쾫Ҳ̫á
ڽ˰ȥǶæͼ
ɻϱУ򵥵߸壬Ӧ֣Ƶģֻһ۾ͽͼǵ߰˰ˡ
ñԭ廹Ҫÿ
˱꣬˵ǰְ꣬λûߡ
ҲǺܴ˵ǻͦĵ
ҲһԼŬһ·նģϾ񺼺־ھﳤоһȵĹNϰ
˺൱졣

񺼽ոһλĴһȥˡ
ٶȿ죬ѹϰͼһȫˡ
ˣ
ԣ˵ǶԵġ
⺢ӹЧָߣʵڡ
һûȥ
Էʱһλ˵СذٶҲ̫ˣ
ЧҲ̫ˡ
లȥϣ񺼡
˭˴СͲԸ
ǰûԣˣݺݵһ˸ۣнʿʵ
κԺļλ˶ڣǸũġ
λ˰Ź
ⲻżëˡ
˭֪ôŬû񺼡
꣺
ԣеˣ
ʵҲдˣ
ļû¶˲ˡ

Ҳϣ˲ˡ
극˯һᡣ
ԺľһϤرޣرޣ˻ˡ
ӡˣǵѧ
̫ˣһм
ˣ

Ŵһ˵ġ칫ҡֱ˵ˣγѣ⻹˯ԺˣΪԼڸѧء
ǺԺϴƷѧʿ
⼸ʵȥˡ
һˣһǿ´ôˣ뿴ʲӦ
αίΣȻظ˻㱨һ¹
꣬쵼һ˼ܽᷢԣ㽫Ҹˡ
һת˵׫ޡر
ֻѵ
˵׫𣿾Σ

־ЦشˣͨĲϣ¹ѧ˲ٵĶǰδֵػôѧʡ
־д˰˰ֵСģ⼸յ鲢ïظ˵һ顣
Ͳûһ䣬˵Ӣ쵼ˡ
ǰһβϣڳرɡ
ɽһǽ˺ԺǰˣͻǾ鶼ḻĶְ࣬ҲԸһ
ָɻġ
񺼱һӵ
ֲ˼˵첻Уʮίˣ¹˵رǱߵĲͼѾˣǷԻ¹һˣ
꣺
˵ô׫죿
æˣرǴСģũرо飬¹پϵĻ°빦ر޻ӲĵУҳ಻֮
˵꣬شˣǸʼǲưɡ
ֻӲͷƤѱʼǽȥ¹ҲֻôһС֣Ļûü
һ޸ĵĵطϲر޻涮ũ£
æˣʵ¹ٲ¹ٵӰæġ
񺼣
ˣ
겻˼һȽо顭
˵ȥٽµĶ꣬ͷϷһⱾúһ¡
ǡ
˻ӻֱʾ˿뿪ˡ
еɵֲۣģˣشܷȥ󣿡
̧ͷر޻и飬׫˷Щġ
ֻӦһһ뿪
ջصǶ˱鷭ҳͼ˴һˣգϷ˵һر޼ϵ¡
ߵʱѾʼһˡ
ôϣҲ֪һЩʱ򣬸պÿ༭¼Ĳģ༭һ߲һ߸пλر˵дò̫ÿĿãһĿȻ
һƿɲ𣿱ǰЩرģǽʡ˲ʱ䣬úĹչĸ˳
һ֮£֪ʮũ
ﻭͼ
վԱ߿һᣬ껭ĲͼֹÿرһĿȻǳõץסֲԡ
ղ񺼲ϧҲҪһ
˾;ãԹ˵ˣúòã̬ȿ϶õһλ
꣺
ԣ湤Ǳģ㣡ȻBOSSˡ

ôҲû뵽ô޵˵
˵Ҷ֪˵£Ĺ̬ȱ˿϶֮󣬴Ȼûⷽ룬ȴмǿ
úһԺԺͶ־ԹҲ̫ǵˡ
С»ʣôû
仰Ȱˡ
־ر޵ʲô㰴ˣ
Ѫ㲻֪ж̬
дһٸΪеĶֹһУҵ֮ҪԱȣٽ̫һĲдϣԱĹ˳С
һϸ鷳
ǳռʱ䣬ȴõӦ֡
˵ʵֶƽʱϲģҪЩֱ̫Ϊˡ
־ȷʵЩ鷳ںȴ㲻١
ģ˵ʵڵģǰͷϵǼλ÷ǳֲڣȫӦ£ڶʱ򣬻Լϡ
˱ʱͷһϲ
ҪԺǹ׶ˡ
Ǳ鷳ЩЩھͼ򵥶ˡ
û뵽־ô͵ˣߺߵ˳Ҳһ߲ȵͰɡ
־Цѽֻʵʵ˵
־ͻ˵ȴʼԼôһ;걻ʵûë
ߣֻǱꡣ
Ҳδ񺼡
ǰͷЩҵǰ˲ݣ֪˵һ㳣̬ˡ
겻ǺͷЩ༭УԵģҲûбȽϣؼϾҶһС
ôһɲǴֲִڵƽ
ôһȦڵЩȻϲġ
񺼵ȷʵе
ﻹͦһգѵûĹ͡
־
ԣûӴű㣿

С˵ֻ˼䣬ɶ֪񺼶겻ˡ
ټϺ½½Ĵˣ˵£ٶƴգͰƴ˸߰˰ˡ
Ҳ˵񺼺ǰһģѹ͸үһΪֺñ˱ˣ񺼷ƽˡ
ٱţҪ֣֪ǵóԲ˶ߡ




107.  255-257   ᵵ+ר+

С¼ҶȥĲ, Žȥꡣ
Ȼ껻˹һλ˵Цġ
С½Цȼ˰ɣϾͺá
Сҡͷ, Сľһ, ȥ̫ˡ
ղ, һȥ¡
Ҫ°æ, ϵ˽, ôȥ, оԼץ񲻿ɡ
˵ر޿˵, ´Ϣʱ, һȥǽ
û⣬ԴҶûŹ
ЦҪųܵġ
ǰͷ߱ģСںŶ˳˵һ·, ˲·ŷֿ
Сµˣλ˿á
񺼺־, λԵ
, һǴСط, ๲ͬ⡣
ʱʱðԽ
˺Ժ, ҲԴһˣ˵ƢҲȽϺ, Ϊ֪ԼǴСطģ뾩ЩĹNNһ, رڿ졣
˰ʲôһֱӸˡ
Сµˣ̫̫δһȥҡ
ʱ˻û
ȥʱҲ, ˲ٵš
ĸҲ۵ġŮװʹҲո¡
С¹ĸôã˿ˣ֪Ѿ󡭡
˶Ҫϱ趨
˵ǰ仹ͦУ˺ʱЦ
ĸȻͨˣǾ͸á
ͱ˵˽ʿȢϱҲĸȥң˵ͺﻹЩܵġ
Ϳġ
˻صңȻǻû
ƹȴˡ
С鲽ܹЦشˣǻˡ
Цƹ£
ƹЦŵݸһ嵥㱨һǰ
һʱǡϲ޵ңĻлУټϱ뾳ʱõȷ룬Ҳֻٱ
Ҳ˲ǧ
˵ǰĻһЩʵҲֲʲôô
ټϵʱҳ£ҽ֣ôһƶԼȥ˭ЩǺһȷʵ롣
ʱ˵ᵵ£Ҳûôġ
ɵڶ֮ŵһĳɼҲˣ񲻹¡
ڶѾǧᣬһҪԸһ
ٳоٴᵵԲ⡣
æ£үνˣ㱨عӵɰ㡣
뻭㷨ЩһǵĻһһһңԣķ۸ʱʮҡ
û뵽۸ͻȻͳô࣬ѧ̫ãʵǻöǮˣ
ǵõʱǧʱ򣬸ʮ
һ˾ǧˣټȥǰͷĶǧôҲܷı˰ɡ
ƹЦ˵ˣǴ󶫼ϾҲ˵£ԭҵʱ˵ǧᵵʱĻûǧ
үˣ⻭ñκ˵Ķá
ԣֱӸᵵˣԺеĻǧΪһǧΪһǧΪһ涼һǧһǧļӣҵʱ˲١
ƹЦشⱾᣬţܵǧ
ԣǧǵĵˡ
7%㡣
ѾİˣǰƹǶʮҪĻٸʮ
һƽһ㡣
ܸоԼôʱŬûа׷ѡ
ƹǮأٵȵȣ
ڲǮȷǶɡ
ƹǵʱٰϢһ
꣺
Ǵϰ˵ɶ
ڶôѺã
ƹ˵꣬ٺЦ֪ææﻹûлõģϾưȽ
˺ڡ
µײ𣿡
߸壬ǲ̫ˡ
ƹ񣺡

ƹϴ˸軻ɾѡ
ǻû
С߸˳СһԺ˻¼˲Ż
һͬĻС
С꣬ĵ꣬˺óԵġ
ЦպҲˡ
Сչ˲ٵĺóԵģС·ָңһȥ˳
С꣬⼸ںԺô
˿α߽ߵõģ˻ˡ
Сļٵģҵ˵Ǵ˵ġ
꣺
С֪ûע˵ĳ࣬û֣ѧü˿ֵٰܡ
е
ǼгϢһȽѧºͺ˵еԥܾˣ˽ġ
ܿˣһǵڿֱҪ˵
ȻҾ˵˳е졣
С

귴Ӧٲٶۡ
ߵͦ˳ģ˵꣬˺óʱ䣬ͻȻͨˡ
ĸ˹˵˰컰磬ĸһȥҡ
Ͳ
ڣƷˣǼ̫̫ǵñСմճһԡ
СγɼãֱӾˡ
ĸ˵ˣСоúƴ£ϼˡ
ΪС¶һˣҲֻ˶Ρ
ƴǸ첻ߣڹӼൽ˵Ҫóˡ
˭Ҳס
ϴ˵һˣ⵹ãƴֱӰ˸ˣˤһ׹Ŵ
£˵ˣ˼˵ҵĹﶼƵߣƼҾ;֮ֻ붴ˡ
˵ʱʱ˵£ƼҲǣ˻ˮҲ⡣
͵ʱԼҲ˵һ£˵а˿ԥͳǲôã˼ڵݹ
ʿϵֺãټǵʱ򱻳´֮Щӷ
ûеʱʵôҪˡ
ۺ˵õѡ
ο޸ƼңȷʵΨһġ
⼸ռʹϻ𣬽ĸһȥһǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ѽ˸
£ҵĳʲôоĽȷʵĵϲʦ֣ϲʦ֣
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С˵㲻˫ϲţ㱻ˣ¶ˣԺǾϼˡ
˵žҪ§Ĳӣֽƿ
ˣʦ֣öҵ˼ˣҵû
СٺЦô˵ɣʵҵüĿˣ˫˵ˣֻҪҹ˻¾㶨ˣֻƼǶţĸĸָ˽ͷƵģҵŲʽᣬʵѾĶˡ
ļѽ˵Ҳ˸ˣ÷ȡ
ͺЦʲô÷ȣһ˵ĺ£ֻϲš
СĹǳ´˼ҵĴ
ҲΣʱСʱʱʱȥ´Ƕ
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͵´á
ҲĲŮһƯ
С

Сæȥ¡
¿õĺһ̲ס²ۣǲΪҲǮô޶ëѽ
겻˼˵ˣеĹǰЩһ£˼ţܲܰҪ֡
ϳ֣Ҳóѽ
ƲƲ죬Ҷ²Ȥ
ͦģжȴͦ棬ΪԼרҵǼð㺬궤˺ʱ
ر𲻺˼ϢɣŮӳ˺ȦͲÿˡ
µǵðҪȨ
ͷ
صﵹͷ˯
ڶգ׵û
ҲûԸ

հѻѹˡ
ŰûõĸͼЦӯӯ߹رްǰͷĲ廭Ҳ»һ°ɣĿǰµĻûã˵㻭ر棬һ۾Ƴ
Ӧһ£˰ǰҪ޸ĵĻ˻
ôһξͿ쵽°ˡ
Żû°࣬˻㣬Ķ¡

ΪҪʿĿˣ˴˼һȥ˳ˡ
ҲûʲôҪũɵĽС
Ϊԭ˺ݺݵɶһѣ֮С

˵˻ֲ˼꣬ʲô¶ͦ͵ģ˷һʱ¡
һŪãóȽϣǾ͸ˡ
ӹա
ҵⷽ澭ġרҡˡ
һţ˽ܣ꺰˹Сϻб𣿡
ҡͷûʲôҪˡ
͹ϷϴøϷ򿴵ı¼ǳպλҲ㿴ȡⱾũãʱֹİҪֵأĹҲˡ
꣺
ȰѶ
һӦǱ㺰Эλһ
еذĿŲ˸ղŻҪʲôϡ
˱һʱ˻Ӧˡ
ô˵Ҳ˰
ôͻȻҪ˴ˣ
Ȳ˵ĻӦ΢΢üæ𣿡
æҡͷûУûУ¹û뵽ˡ
˴ĻȻˣЩģСˣ͹ҲǰæģƽʱʲôԸֻȥɡ
ˣ

ʵû뵽ԼͻȻְˡ
ϲ̫ͻȻ
һԼʹ٣ǰ֣ɲ
Լְ¶Լˡ
˻˰һ䡰칫ҡΪǶϣҪıʼ޸ġ
ЩҪĶȫȥˡ
˵رԼһ֣ȹһְɡ
ԼıʼóͬʱµıӣЦλȿʲôԵĵطѧ޸Ĺ
һʱ꣬һɨվſһԹˣЦ𼱣ơ
Ӧһ
ȥ跿һ衣
˵СĹ
Ϊȥéޣʱˮ͵ģ̲סرޣ˶˵ˣЩӰ˵飬ͳˣֻܺúλ˶Աˣⲻѿ𣿡
һӵֲ֪ͨȥˡ
Ҫ֪ˣΪ͵úøɻأû뵽Լǰ˸ǰ޵񺼣ôҪֵˡ
ǣһڣر塣
ȥϵĲ
͹̧ͷ˹һʱջҲǣȥҲǡ
˳ְѲݸˣҲеû£һֱææ⣬òϢһ£ô˼ȥ裬οҲԶ
·ľ룬ܶһ塣
ҲʶԼá
˻ԺֻܷԸҾˣʹʵְûأҲǿճЩꡣ
ǣ̫ˡ
ǲ²Ĺȥˡ
͹˶һۣرһ¡
æ˹ȥ
СأԼĵ𣿡
ǵģʵҲֵء겻˼ЦЦҼӰҶġ
һڣ͹סˣԭֻҲֻǿЦô֣صһʱζӳ¡
˵ʵʶ棬йһֵصġ
ؼǣҲûԸԼϵŮ˵
˭֪Сɵߴģɻʵڣ˵ʵڡ
˵ʱ˫ۻ̲סһ
ЦλΪҼӸ˼ʲôʵֵرԼһס
ֵĶ
Ϊź·;̫ԶǼҵĹˣǳԵġ
һпˣӶÿࡣ
ණ͹δ֪
ֻΪмм˶ֹģټҲǸũдĺһ˿ڿഫһʵĽ
֤ũϼصĶʵ̫ȷ
񣬿Ȿϣ֪ļͷͷǵϲϲʲôֲãÿ꼸¿ʲôʱһĶͷ
Ǿ֪˸ˡ
ȻһȴλŮӡ
Ҽ˵ʲô𣿡
ЦûУûУǾǾãǶķǳá
һдñȽϼ֮⣬ķǳȷ
ǾͺãϢȱɡ
һֱǣʲô˵ˡ

˹֤
ȥ֮ǰ˳һ䣬µĲܷȥҲæλٹĿ
ǲ̫ˣ
겻˼ͷλֲǲֻ֪λڶԱ߶ûʲô¡
ҲǰǶĶϲͼ
ʱǳɣҪ
Ҫȱżһ£ܷط˰һԣණҲǲ̫ʱպطһһ
꣺
ԣԺõ¼˼Զ˼ɣ
˰ıʼǿ꣬ŵˣǽվ͵ɡ
һ뿪
ѾĥûƢˣؼľϲһһ

С⼸նǿҳˣꡣ
ղŵѰ˽
˰˫պš
ЦС£ˡ
С¿һһˣ΢΢һ㶣òʺá
ҹֻˡ
һαһκá
˻С£ŵǰ֣𣿡
Сû뵽֪ǰݣ΢΢ЦãСǰ֣Ǵ˵ӡ
Щ⡣
ٴһۡ
˳ֱؼҵֿˣŵϹԾѽ֣ǿϺ£ô͸һʿ
֣ⶼȥˣҲСӲȥأⲻѰرˡ
ܰɣ㿴ر޵ģ֪С֣ġ

ʲôϷѽû˼




108.  258-260   һ

, ԼҲû˼
˾ʹ˽ȥ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ܷͬ⡣
϶ͬ⣬ҲϣⱾã˵ǰ޹, , úǵ鵱ݡ
ũȷʵ, β롣
ǰණȫ, 黹ǵڶʱд, ʱǼ, ߵ˽ⲻ, ˶ߵĶ, ˵ʵи߲ġ
Щ˲̫ܳԵùߵס
ԣũǼҪƳ³¡
ҡ
Ҳջã˵⣬Щ, ´˼ۣЦ浱ʿոùĿ࿴ѽ
ǰƲ˵ҪŮ˹µġ
ò˼, һЦϷʵط˵Ĳܸסˡ
˼һӵĵ, оһӵ, ɿ궤Ķ, Ҳòпš
˵ȻλƳ, Ǿ쿴ɡ
˺һСˣȥͬ˵һտûʱ, ͹һԡ
㻹֪رסĶ
һߣèһЦȻ֪ˣסĻ֣ϴδӻǶӮլӡ
ʱҶ˻˼֤ˡ
鵱ʱҲǴ©, ֱ֣ȥˡ
סͷ黹˴һ
ģ˻ԡ
֮ǰյѧţ˵ԼҪʱɷãһ
Ҷһ˵Ҷ˱갡ҼҴŮµǺӡ
Ҳǰ黭֮ˡ
ȻĻʱһ˵Ҷݡ
־ϲ˭֪˼ֱס֣լȥˡ
Ҷ˵֪֣ʶɲ˹ϵ׺
ٺĴҶˡ
ο⼸֣ϵġ
ȻֲãǰãϷ룬ôһģ״ԪҲûбģôͱһˣλ伮֡
˵ְλͣ˼ʸϣҲһ볯ΪٵĲ١
˵ر޵Ƣֲǲ֪һ˵֣ãͻ˲
ǻرޣҲûɣǵˣҪõҲ״ԪͰ۰ɡ
΢΢һ㶣ЦϷǳˡ
Ըȷʵû˵Ҳ˺ͦġ

ջصϴ˸裬ѻûأ˵ˡ
ֻýʪͷ˼ѳӭӡ
Է˵⣬갵Ծ鷳ȻᣬҼӡ
Էʱ˵µġ
˵Ǳż
ںԺָСһȥԺԣò˰ɣ
ǣȥȥѽ
д֣Ҿȥ
Ǿͬȥˡ
µͷֳȥˣһˣҷµأֵˣҶˡ
껹ûڣС˹
µɹ𣿡
Сʿˮǰ￤ֹ
µȽ㣬Ҫ̫࣬ȥͺˡ
˵ƽʱҲôȥԸоһŵ£ǲ£Ű²ȥһƽ
£С
С¼£ԼҲ£һӰ¸ˡ
ǲǻûԷ
Сµͷ
µаɣǳ극ٷ
Сº֪ط֣СˣæСĲСе
˵ţֲ¡
ѲӸû˵¡
´˸ָܺãҪȫûȥֻҪͷͿˡ
Сµͷֱ˵ûԷֽ֮ǰ¹涨ĵطһ롣
۵ͷ󺹣æϢᣬ
Сµû£СĻ
£
굹ˮˣ󱳶ʪˣѾ˱ˮ

Ը˸Сһ
СһֱΪԼúܿ죬ܴ󣬲һ֣ͷԼʵܲˡ
׼ʱЩ
ʰӵĶѾһõĵطˮһ극ˮòˣͿֲˡ
¼ȥϴҲ˹ȥӦˣ
ͷ㲻ֲȥ˰ɡ
µᣬҼȻӦ˾Ͳᷴڡ
ôһˣһ˶ڣֵʦأ
ȥˣ˵Լˡ
Цǲǹʱܳϲˣ
µô죬Ϊǳǻ
ϰͲڻؾ֮ǰߣȲʮ꣬ͼظ˸ϱ
ǣòţʱ̫ûüӻɣ
£

һߣָ
ƽʱѾʰϰȥˣոһϰ࣬۵Ƥֲ緹Ҳԣͺ˵ˮϳͷ˯
Ƥ
걾Ե㶫˯ͦ㣬˼ʳУֻñ۾
ôһ·ֱ˯˺Ժſڡ
ֱ͹˵Ҳ˽ֿڣС²Žѡ
£۾Ժˣ
ͷ͹Ѿˣȥպһȥ
ӦһСӲ

͹˼һװ³һ˼ϱ¡
ЦŻһСء
ЦϺá
Ҳ˼
Զʱû³жߣվһŷ֣ԸһЩ
˵һĹˡ
໥ܣһš
ˡ칫ҡ˻û㽫򿪣˼յƣѽҪĶ
˼һ˹һѱ༭õĸ˹
һж׼ˣ˲١
Ҳ˲õšüôˣǱûʲô𣿡
Цˣ˵Ǳ֮󣬿Թæ
˵Ȼǿˣ˵û겻ǣҼǵ׫Ǳߵϻû꣬ҪûˣǿȥǱ߰æ
Ͼر޹˼죬Ӧñ˸˽ôرƽʱôϵġ
йСƷ⣬ôֲòӡ
һ⻰ʶ̧ͷ˹
ٿͱ˵ģ̲סšü
׼ڣһ£ʾٵȻ
˱˵һ£Ҫڣ伮ҸղŰʱΪ̫һòˣǰЩ伮ģԣһ˹ִҡ
뷴һ˲סˣֱĹְ˵˵ʱҲ˹ְ
һԱȣ˵Ĺְʵһġ
ûƢ
ƽʱҲŹ˴λˣǶϺˡ
ôֳϡݵģȷе㲻סš
ҵرǿ¹ֻǹң֪ش˰Ѱ϶û¹ȥµİ
伮æѾˣ伮ȥҿˮû
Ӧһתȥ˲ҡ
˵شˣ¹ȥæˡ
һҪǱæˣûԵ¿ɷ߰æĶĻһ˼¼
˸мؿһۣͷһ¹˴ûԵ£

»ûƳȻ˴򱧲ƽʱ
ҲûˣЦƽʱϢôˣ
Ƶġ
ҲûʲôǲϲԼһģ
ǺԺģ˵һЩְλߣ˶˵ҰɣҲ̫Ѻãһ֮
գֻǼվ㿪ʼˡ
˿ƽͬʱ뺲Ժġ
Ǵͷģ˼Ŭְʲôˡ
µͲµ
ƲƲ죬Ҫ˵Ҳˡ
ؼǣΪ˰æȴ˼ˣҪٲվ˵仰Ժ˭׽
Ҳ˵ԭ
С˵еϷϲӡ
ƽʱ˼ƽϣһʲô£ض
ο̬Բԡ
ΪƢãͿָʹġ
Լ鲻ãָɱˣ
˭ĵ
ϷղŻ˵أû뵽СӸȣСزǸСҲͦá
걻˿öе㲻˼λһ᳢ҵĹ衣
ðϷ˵֣裬һֱû᳢һҲ֪ģյлˡ
Цʵͦ򵥵ģһ˵϶ͻˡ
ȥˡ
˿ʼļ
һԾͷֲˣ˵༭ЩһΪв̫һĲժ¼һϵǷ࣬ҲΪԡ
ЩЩŹ
ΪЩƽʱֻרĶ飬ЩȲ֡
űӣɾּӵģĸ˰ʱҲŹ
ΪһдٶȲ죬ٶȡ
ɲС
һҵмʳ֮⣬ҩġߣΪرͦѾġ
ٶȥһ궼úЩ졣
Сǰͷôģ
ǸԼģԣڹ֮ǰѸо̫ԵֱӸˢˡ
ٰظĸɾԣһҲһ֡
¹һ飬ٶȻͦġ
аɣҪ˷ֹÿȹһ֣ѸɾɾѸϣٷŵһ𿴣졣

û飬Ǵֵġ
ҪǷЩԸˡ
˹æ˵Ļٳһ˹
ᣬȥ˲㣬Թȥˡ
˸ЦߣǿĹȥϷζˡ
ЦȻᣬҹȥ
˵һ·Сȥ˲ҡ
˿ڴ߶˯ˣŲ͵ֱӣ꣬ŵشˣҪȲ𣿡
ţҪҪһ
ƿӽװ˳ָҨһݸ˳Լģ֪ϲϿζ
һӹӴ˴һڣŵаɡ
źͱӳţ˲ŷӦ
ȻϷˣȻ˯Ժˡ
뵽ˣæ±׷˳ȥһ̧ۣͼѾ˶ԶӹĶ
ˣ
ˣСЬС
ͷƼ˺һˡ
΢΢šüæӭȥ˺þòأǴüˣˣǱߵæˣ
˵ͷ
Ц˵ĸ鶼ˡ
ղͷҲûʲô£պȥ˰æӧˡ
˵æ𣿡
߱ߵϴ̫࣬Ǽһ£жԣȱˡ
˵ʵҲ˵ѽ
Ĳɺڡ
ɻûڣŴҽţСأ伮Ҳǵˣǰʶ
껹治ʶ
˵ͲסľϲЦɣǰһλҲ
֪Ķǰ˽ʿںԺţǰ컹˴һ£Էȷʵ˵Ժλˣǲͬһ˾Ͳˡ
λϼȷʵǵġ
Ȼʲô㶼ܵϣ껹ǲݡ
Ц𣿡
ǿŵʯͷͨһĵ˹ȥʦ֣
£
ë߰
ļ磬ЦҵǰЩӽˣҴ
һ½ûһˡ
һϵĵַо˾ŲʮΪһֱæż£˼գû뵽һˡ
Եֶʵ
˶ˣϲߡ
ǸϲˣҪڵڣԼܳһʱ䶼ѲҪˣԺ󡭡
˺˼һѡ
Ѿˣ˽½ܸ
΢΢һ㶣ҲûʣЦ´к
Ȼˣôû˵ˡ
һ飬Ⱥˣ£Ȼķ䣬øֻƵģҲ޿κΡ

˶
˵ǰͷϱȽңֲٶȿ˲١
ºҲǵһκˣһ˵ﲻҪͽ仮ͬʱ̼ͷдд
Ϊ˲Ӱˣ˸Զĵط
оԼĵλвˣûµʱҲҶԱ͵һҰᶫϣˮʲôģ칫һ͡
°ʱ䣬²֪͹ʮ
˦ѾԼ˺ǹ˶١
˫һЦϿǿˡ
һһ٣ټǰʮҲֻʣ²һˣٹһ죬ɡ
վֻһ𶤶ˡ
ˣЩȥϢɡ
˵ţʲôʱȥҿſϳʱ׷꣬ȥǶɣҵԴ˾һֱ߶㡣
Цѽʦ˵أҵûȥʦ֡
Цãڼ㡣
˸סַ
СЦС֪ǶԶ
ƬҩģǼ˵һƬͬʵԶҲһ̶ӵʱ䡣
ľ
˳˻ָ
ɵɵӣֱƵġ
µô𣿡
ǵÿλؼҲû
˿㲻оıʼǰ˴æ˵ûҶ೤ʱ䣬ΪǱʼǣ˶·
ҪΪԭãҪˣɣٵı¼Ҳëá
ǰͷ˾ˣΪϰĳû˼ȥǣ˽ʿûܻؼȥھлһ£ҲԲ顣
£
ͻȻеףΪʲôϲɵɵĺˡ
ž˼ҳ˵ĳ֮İɣ




109.  261-263   ʦ++

ͶںϹΡ
ԴҶһͬ, ˵ˣĵߣǿȥȥ
ĸ㼱ʲô, Ͻ, ϴزȥ
˵, ȥЩ
µӱæ, ǻʱ, һȥС
ľƻм̳, պҲ̳ӹȥ
ĸôУⲻǡ
µôͲ, һȥû⡣
ϴһ, ⻻Ƶĳ˵ѾǵʱںѧʱǼɫͿʽһġ
ʱͿһ㶡
㴩ǲ̫˵㣿
ȥƵġ
, ǾôŸʦĸо
һ¾ʱ⡣
ͳ, ⻰˵, ʲôļڴʲô, ʲôĻ, Ҫʲôӡ
꣺
ԣĹ
˵˵žͺ, ߴ߲ߣٲͺˡ
񣬡ȻҪߵ, һҲٷء

С·ļų
˳·˽һ·ĺͬ
˻ͬʱѾһſڵˣЦкһ
һ
һ˸˵ĶӰһ
Цллʦ壡
غһллʦ壡
˵ű˻ﻬȥ, ײײԶˡ
Ц˵һȥæˡ

һһ߷Цʲôʱģں𣿡
Цȥˣǰݵʱ˵ˣֻꡣ
ܵʱǼҺвУߡ
Ǽֲ࣬ǰȢףŰѸ׽ӵ߾ТԼĸĸһӵźԣ˵˫⡣
˵ĳɼ൱ĺãʦֵʱǺöˣҲǶ׵˸ס
һЦЦ꣬ȥˣôģôԣ
ôŶС
˵ſһۣЦʦǲʳ
ЦǾ԰ɣһֻۺһֻཷ·
˶λʦܵĸоã۹⻹ǲġ
˳ȥ˳һٴλʱѾҪھ򷿵¡
ҪɣƽʱҲûʲô£ڸǴ
á
ЦĿ֣ʲôʱôˡ
Ц˵ģˣںˣƽʱûʲô£ûԼ˽ӡ
˵˽ӱؿ
ЩεĶ뵽ٹмȥˣرõԼ˽ӵġ
껹Եǰ
ټڸѧô飬Ӻѧ˽ʿԵĽơ
˵Ҿðⲻƽʱ̰һҲǽ̣̼ǸãҪĻ׬Ǯ
Цƣ¶β˰ɣƽʱҹ
˶ˡ
Цһᣬɫô
ȷʵԿǣլӵ²ð졣
˵˵ƽʱͦеôеˡ
˵ֱ꣬ˡ
ҳ˷˺һᣬֱ˸뿪
˳̲סǺĽʦѽ
Ǹӣѣֿ̰ͨĸӹϵǺöˡ
ҪеҲ֪ôΡ
ȫĽе
ϱӸĸƱģϧվǰ׷ͺˡ
Ⱳ̯ôһ˵ʵʵЩµģصĽӴеף֣˵ȲҪǶôȷһѡ
ӣͱƭõˡ

˻صңںԺźĲˡ
ȥûҪæģǰ㶼ˮҰѲ˸
ǰֻϼ¶ȵǲ࣬ҷرɡ
ͰˮҪһưһưظϡ
µҸղס
ƣ
üһϼˡ
׼۲
µİɣҾֻһ㣬ֻزȥʵڲļǱߵġ
ҪȶˣͻȥɣûʲôҪæġ
¼ֱˣ̲ס٩ѵǰҴ򷢹ʲô
˵ţԱŲŲŵүء
ü˭үˣ
̲ס±ӵ˭ϡ㣡
ҲǾãȥָ߶߶ʲôҪǲȥʵġ

ͦʧģҲ飬Ҫ£Ҹо߿̫ܲУʱûãھ
ҲֹǣϼҵʱǶ˵ټƽʱ˻˵ڶ껹ھ˵ˣҪǴһ˹
ζǺǺ˵ȷʵΪ׬ЩҶرѺá
ɵ˾Ͳһˣܱ˭ûǮ˼Ҳ˵ٺ˼Ҳˡ
ҵиط
µϢʱҴȥ
ӣҲͼˣаɡ

ھǰ鶼ޡ
ǰĸһլӣҪôҪʲôͷ档
ָںԺæɻϱУһȺ˹£о˷˲٣ֳʵ
ӹ˼죬ԺǱҲԵĲˡ
һ죬Ϸ߾ˡ
ʱֻɲᣬٹˡ
ʹ󣬳˿
⼸ÿдֶ
ЦӯӯСĹˡ
ûϵͲ󣬶ȴ٣ûӴģȻ֪˵ûֹϰֲӶ˵һ
ջ˵̫ϧˣҪСǸ˾ͺˡ
Ů˶಻ãٴĲʲôá
ǳմڼŲŲġ
ǲ֪˼СŲС˵Сƣϼ￪˸ƷϵһɣΪֵأʳֹҳˣµơ
Ѿͷˡ
ǸϱԵϵӹöã˸ʲôصĿ
Ҷ˺֣ȵľơ
ҲֻڼרƣһͻȥҤƿӡ
ɰˣ
˿̿Ŵװ£һˢ֪

ڶգͰµݸˡ
ļΪҪ̫˰æȫһдд˺˱ѾԺõġ
һµϢ֮ǰѶѾһ롣
µҵĹǲǵͽˡ
ôһʣͻȻеźôʱô졣
ͷЩصͷٴ̲סпС򰡣ҪǸӸöá
û»죬̽̽֡
⻰˲乴µ¡
ҪǸˣʲô¶
꣺

˰࣬صͺСڡ
˼ӭ
С꣬²ιû
Ц϶ǹˡ
С˸ָû˳ɼرĺá
һ͵ڶ
ɰ˻ˣڼ磬ҪԴˡҶˡˡ
˳رȫĴУʦ֣أιʿѵͲʾʾ
ȻҪʾģ϶˵ˣȥҵĻϲ¥Ծơ
е˼
һʣµһ¥ǶֻղҪȥӲš
м仹࿼ʱ
С˵ÿĭɽһ̧ͷͼʹͷĵֵطҲȥԲ۵¡
껹˵˵һȥʶʶҪȥҲװһȥһΣͷˡ
Сʲôأ˸ڣܸԼİɣҲ
˵컨׹;Ĳȥ
ҪһȥԺʰɡ
С
ԴԹ֮˼Һʹݾͱʹˡ
ͲȥҲֻˡ

ٷףС˳˺Ժ
Ժһˡ
ѾƣûʲôӦģǻЩࡣ
֪꣬ǵġǡ˶𣿡
ǵǱ߰ٻǶ٣飬Ц𣿡
ͷʮ֮ǰ
ˣָᣬɲܺϣ
ΪҴֱ̨ӳᣬװģҲ󣬵Ǽ۸ȴһҿǺ˲١
ͬʱ˿ù񫣬һԭ򣬴ΪʵڸǰСϸرԡ
߶ӣֱĶڻˡ
ټⱾŮӿö࣬ҵļãʱȥμӻ硢ʱ˼ŹȥСһơ
С֮Ļ⣬֮䴫ÿ졣
׷ʲôʱʲôʱ
˵ŮģҲУСʣЩһζǿϢŬƴŮ󣬸ġ
Բͱ˵͡
˴ҹ֣ǿҰͣرͻ
ֱ꣬ˣظġ
˵ĶʵǵĻҲ̿ˣҹŶǧû⡣
ѹڽһͷ
ˣ꣬˵ᵲ𣿡
ͷ
ǻǰԭģǵ÷ֺ졣
꣺
ŮͶӴҴ
Ү

˵ˣҪȥǱ߿
ҪţСƽʱ廨ʵ׬˶Ǯ۾ˡ
һء
ϻȥ㽫Լ뷨ͻͻһ¡
˫һ⵹ǲֻǲ֪۵ֲ⣿
Լֵ϶ֱԵĵط͵뷽跨˺
ȥƣÿ¶ȥæεġ
ۺҲȥ
۽Ů廨ͺѧʣ߰æɵĻ
С⸺ġ
֮һȺ˭£˵ʱ֪Ҫȥ֮Ҳر֧֡
µá
صԼ䵹ͷ˯
ڶѵòһ˯˳ʱ
ĸںԺˮ˳Ѽֻųǵܡ
εԺʱ
Ц˵Ҳжʱˣôһû¡
Ķֻĸͷ͸оͻС
ĸЦµһ㶼磬ΪС죬Ҳÿ춼£ڴһɣƼûǸеڵģղһ
ϲڣǼųˡ
ͣ
Ķ쵰Ƥûš

ʰãű־ٴ̳Ӿƣһ˳ȥá
ҲͷһСϵˡ
ĸĻóָСǣһֶףſڵʯ۰Ͱ͵ؿǡ
һһ˹Ȼ䵱ĸ㼷һЦ֣Сùˡ
һʹСӹǣ磬Ҹ͹ȥ
ǣСǻϲı飬ֻĿڶµܣ˿ڻҪȥɡ
ã
ͺС˵һȥ˵ۡ
ƽʱõĵ֪ǹۺЦŴȥ
ˣͷһμһʮŮӣſĵۣűԼԼˡ
˵ЦŴк
֪СǶʶ֣˾š
ûĨţ˵⣬΢΢һ㶡
Ҳ֪ԼͷһţЩͻ˼ؼŴңǻҪôһЩʱء
ʩƣ
ЦҲԣһб⣬ϲʡ
õľղ͸¶һ£ԼأжٶĶΪﶼŮӺСԼҲֲˣǳĴģԼֻ˵ǰͷһأƽʱЩ˹ʳá
¾ãƣֲˡҲԵġ
С˵Сֲ˿϶û⣬СǶϸģæݡժ˸һЩ
ȻҲ˵ģȥ
⣬ȷʵʳǮ졣
ʩƶظΣ
Ӧһ

˵ۣСùӦ𣿡
Ҿʵõġ
ڳǽ䲻࣬ͦġ
Ҫֲ˵ĻǸů߲ȱľǮˡ
·϶ˣ˵Сƽʱ廨׬÷ǳ١
ҶԷѹͼ۸񣬵ȻԼͶ׬ǮɱǮ˼ҵѾĺöˡ
ʹˣܼҲãԼҲãһԼļܡ
ºЦ㲻Լ˼άȥˡ
ܸоȥ˼ҵѾãܸо˵С檲ãʵͷܶ˶ЩЩΪŮǮ˵С檣Ծøһء
һںԺũ飬ԺЩ˶ʮ߰˸汾ˡ
ЩҪж⡣
ıΪ˶һֻʥģɱͨḻˡ
˵ҲǣǾ͵ȵȰɣҪǲͬ⣬Ҳżϻ𣬴ˣȻȥɣͦõġ
ºǺһôŰҸߣǲʲôɸ˵ң
죬УǾƵģԼܣҿҲܡ
£
ôҲ̫˽үˣ

ͽСǶʶ̵֣
ʵǺܼ򵥵ģλڵļӼǱž֮
ΪӵͲ̫ҲŽʮڵļӼ
˺ЩúԼϰϰġ
¼̵ģģ̲סˡ
һԵۼʱʱͷһۣȤɩӣһأôѽ
ڵһºǾá
Сǵ⣬ʱ䲻ˣʰʰ뿪
Сǽ˸ΧסΪ硢㣬ʲôʱѽ
һвУ
ҪˣӥץСϷɣʦֵӥĸ
£
ۺһԿ˴źߴߴԺȥǡʱʩȥһˡ




110.  264-266   滮++

˵һ, žһȥ˹
ιȥǰ̻һݵͼˡ
ֵʩơ
ǰŵͼǹһжʮĶ, ֻʮĶˮ, µĶɽ, 뾩һ·̵ء
ǹۺ浹ʮĶĵ, ֲ˵ǿԡ
µĿһļʵ߲, , Ȼô, ˾ˡ
˵, հײˡܲܰ˳ɵˡ
µԸùۺʮĶظҴ
ЦȻˣƶƵóʩʩεˡ
˵һֱڸСǹ俿Լ˫׬Ǯ, ʲô㡣
ɵݣǧҪκˡ
Լ˼, ˵û, һܲŮ˵ɸƷ, 뷨Ȼǳѵá
ĺøವ
Сͼ, ܺòʵ֣֮
¹˵߶, ֲҲУǴСһġ
ܷɹо⵹ǲ, Щߣֲúƴģ֪Ҫǿٱ
û뵽ô˳Ͷ
ȥͷĵơ
ڻŲ, ϡϡģǽ˹ӵҲò̫⣬ССһ̶˰ߡ
ܱߵر࣬ѹӸҧ˲١
˳ֱ㽫ĸˣò˵ĸ˸ӡ
ָ߾ʲôҪ콽ˮʲôֵĲ̫ԡ
׽׽档
ͷˣ˵Ƕֲˡ
ҲΪ˿ڶ࣬ȥ˵ƽʱҲк˾ЩԶԶ
Сһնһա
Ǿ뷽跨Լ˵˲ˣȷʵò⡣
µҹϸ˵

²ιۻصþͼ۵ͷ󺹷һش
СѾͷĵܹȥһץסץסˣץסˡ
Ĩ˰ѺҲ̫ˡ
С߻ܡ
´ΰСߴ׷ȥ

»һ˲ųϡ
̸ˣ
µͷû¿˵ƣֲ˵ǽˣŲҼ߽ȸůһͿˣ׽Ϲ
û顣
俴ڼ׺ԺڵĲڵȫˣ򷢵ȥ

¸Լ˸¡
˸ɾʮ㣬ҹսͼֽ߽ů
֮ǰ˵һ
ҼʹСôֲˡֵơ
оԼֻ˹
ΪڶҪܿĵصճ㣬ҵȥϰࡣ
ͷһϰ࣬Щ˷ܡ
ҲûСºԸʰһɵˡ
ֻŴ򿪣ʹų͢ĽʿٷŰ˳ŹǷ꣬һ߰ɣ
꣺
ͬһĻ档
ϽС¸
ֱͲź֪ԣԭǴԼȥˣ
겻˼ҲˣҪǾҼҪó
һѾشã˵˵ԺɣЩ˺ദЩ˲̫ദ
ʵӴ˲̫ࡣ
ʵԼӴ˵
رעһ¹Nھк̨ģΪˣЩʿûйְģʱ˼ʲô͵ɡ
ȻҪֵ̫ģԾܾ
͵ˣһעġ

һչȥ֮ԭЩںŵģȥŵģ⼸Ҳ½½Ϣˡ
ͽһԺ
֪Ͱһˮˡ
˺ԺſڣСѾˡ
һͷСһ˫ճǰͼϣֵ꣬˵СͷҲǸˡ
һ׺Ͷ׵ʱֳˡ
ȥûչٷոµģϸһ죬˲Ÿ
ǰմĶһĽʿվͲһˣͷСпһ׵̽ѽ
һ볯Ǻü
СҲ֪ʲôʱܴġ
ùʮɡ
Ʒޣ˼Ʒٷⲻǳ˵
Сʹʧôӵ
Ҳ̫ˣһʧǧźޡ
ô֪˱ˡ
ԺСĹǾƷǱֺãһһ˲ǰƷ伮ȥԵϼ꣬ȷʵ˵ģҪƷʮҡ
ҲʮˣҲǸƷλҲˡ
Ĺ滮ʮʱҪԼǿ
Ū֪Ҳǳɵġ
ڳıҲı֪ӪЩ꣬ͻȻʵЩ᲻ãүһ۹
СںԺ꣬Ȼıţ϶á
үٴ߶ϵС϶ߵԶ˳һ
ˣ滮Ҳˡ

˵𲽾Ͳһ
Ŭ꣬ҲܴﵽƷ
ǸʱָƷߴƷˡ
˵˶ᡣ
굹ûôԶṲ̆ʵһڴ۸
ˣű۸ˣ۸ǾԲܵġ
һЩſ˵һỰƼ½½
ס
һʲ֪һ¼˶ʮˡ
μʿԵжˣԼһɵ¼ȡʡ
һ㣬ЦȻ˼˵ѵĵǡ
˵μ˶࣬¼ȡҲ࣬˵ԼǸ߸̣ڵʿҲˡ
Сô߸̣
⻰˵ôɣҪ߸̣ô£
ѲΪ㳤úÿզģ
걻˵һʱƿԡ
Ϊ˱Ƚ϶࣬㽫쵽˴ϡ
Լ칫ҵĵţ˵һȥϰˡ

һţͼյ׼
ҲС
˵ղƼһģʦ֣
Цţͷߵͬһʦ֣һλʱʶġ
һʱ䣬ʶ
һûһţ׼ãǰŽš
Сأôû
Цȥ¶չǱ˸ʾԽֱȥˡ
ǴƷ¡
ѽȥǼҲȥ
ЦѽҪ˵أһæˣȥˣ˵ǳˣҸ㣬һԸףһ¡
ߺô˵û϶ķˣ
æôᣬλҲģ˵ס
ǲ伮Ҳˣ
˵伮֪Ҫȥǻǲö
ȥΪǱ׼ţúܣɻƹǮһǽȥģк̨֮⣬б£Ҫд㡣
ͷܶ˶ô
˵ȥʱ򣬴һ롣
Ȼ
˵ţͼ˽˽ˣԴҹĹ
һˣȥ跿Щɡ
񺼣
˵ĹȻǺڣ

һһЩϿʼԡ
ǰûͼȫͼʣµ͵һ
һдʵ̫һһʮݣ붼ͷʹСأȥԴǶҪ˹
ӦһߵſڣͼͺС˵Ц˹
һʲ֪Դ˵ߵȥ˹˲٣ֲ˭
С͵仰ˣڴҷӦ֮ǰ;վ˳
Դһüɫӣһˣ˻ֵǱرΰǱ
СӦһԴ˷Ƶģһ·񱼶
Դɵš
ϸһ룬Դⲻǹôһ˵
ڼˡ
Сˣʲô
ҲûʲôʦϤˡ
˵˹ţһһ¡
ЦСصʦֿ϶ҲСһܳԿ͡

ͼĶʱеͷƤ顣
ôַϰԺˡ
ǰ¿κһñʼǵ£һʱ鸴ӡ
СȻܸɳ¡
ˣ
⻹治⡣

ͺСļ룬ֹӿٶȣ÷ΧӵĻ֡
СϾʱ˵ЦͨôҹЦ
ĹĿǰȷʵһּ˲٣ֻͼͳɡ
С˵ͷһݹǰһñʼǣ·ġ
ֱ˱ǿ
ĬĬץеıʣٶȸЩ
Ц˵ʲôʲô꣬û伮Դڿ졭
æûûСҲǸúӣСҲˣСȥĸţ
һ£¹ûȥ𴦣ǺԺõġ
ûʲôҪıŵĻ϶ȥƧ
ǰЩһںԺ˵ˮţɹĶ˲٣ԴˡˣһŲ˾أںԺúðꡣ
Ҳá
ԺҲ㣬˵ȥҪ̫
ѧʺãȻʽģϾĺӶˣ˺úðѹؽĶǡ

°꼸Ȼȥѣһȥҡ
˵˹Ҳû˵ʲôڣС治
һ˴辰
ѡģһ̧Ȼ˿
ƹȱ𼱣һǵˣ͹ȥ
ˣ鷳ġ
˵ſһۣʦ֣æ
͵Ը
ĦȭƣҲûֹ֣á
ƹһ˻᲻ǰĸһŪġ
˵ֵǮⶫͷѽʯͷͶٽء
ͷʵĵĻʯôҲٶˡ
һ˾̧
Ͱںƣһ̧㽫̧
˵ȷʵЩܼסֱӷŵϡ
СºҲһڳϷźá
ƹ񾪺ǳܼѽ
Ц˵ˣʦ
ȷʵʱѧʱҲǸӣͱǾͲԶˡ
ˣûˡ
˾ôһڼ͸ˡ
չʾһ
˱˵æģΰԼˣһпⲻȥ״Ԫ̫ϧˡ
ЦɲǣսɱУģȴǵںԺһĶֵ
͵ҴСͳԵö࣬˴󡣡
굱ʱΪ߹һ⣬ٶȸȥһ˶ӣ٣ûʲô仯
һĥôŵģסҪʵ˼
Ҳûʲôѣ˾˺ꡢ͡
ٺȵơ
˻֣֪ˣҲٺȵ㡣

ҳԵǺʡ
һΪǺˣʹ˵̫ڣɾҲôһҡ
ǾãǿǺʻǺʶ̫࣬պóԸʡ
ԣ֪ۿסһ죬ŵˡ
ЦֲΪ㣬ǼʦƽʱҲûôԹ԰ɣ
ͷ
һٷһʱĸ˶ٶ˵ơ
ȵò࣬ȴ
˾¥һ紵ɤӳһ䣺ֻ~
ˣ

˵ְƣ귢ּ˵ĹϵԽˡ
һգû߶ᣬСµӣǰͷţˮˣǰææ
ͻû̽ͷһߵܷæС϶Ҫȥ¥Ͳ˵ģһͳˡ
ʱͳˡ
СʱˣٲѳŲҪ¥ˣһСͿĲ׬ǮҪǰѾ¥ˡ
ͷ˵˵žͿ
𼱣һ취
˵ű˳ˣһŵһΧųһᡣ
Ҳӿȥˣͷϲֶࡣ
ʹóֳԼִ·Ҳûˡ
йиԡ
ͰѵݸɣӦò̫ء
˵ţࡣ
һ֪ͷˣܡ
꣬С°æ̧һ¡
ѵͷԼС°͵ָʾס˳
î˾һ̧һӱ㽫ָһء
СҲͬʱɹֽ˳
ͳ˿
ͷǧлһϵ·ʱʧɫ󡭡ˣСͷղ顭
λ˵ĹٷŪˡ
˵ͲһԼҲ̫ɾֻڨڨ˻
͵£ȥͲ˰ɣɱ𵢸ʱ
ͷٴθָл뵽ʱ䲻ˣֻøţ뿪ˡ

Ҳóϻһѡ
ڳϻѡ
Ժʱˣ׼Ѿá
СҲЦôˣ˭û
һƣˡ
С˵˻ɲɣ
һ֮ţȳ¸˵һ¡
ͱö˼ˣֻС¶аæ
ǵϰƵġ
С˵ͷһμôˡ
Ҳʶ佫ǳϰģҪһӿǲ̫ܵġ
͵ûҳԵöࡣ
С
ŵ㣬Ѵȥ
ûʼɻǰһԭ
Сܽᷢԣ󡣡
ûӻ˼ȴƮԶˣС˵ģŴôǲǱʾһֱĳңǲǴǴġ
ǣмϢʱСС佫ҵ𣿡
СͷȥǶá
δ䣬ͼС½δˣͷ




111.  267-269   +

ھʶ˻ûࡣ
˵һ, Сһȥˡ
˫һ棬͸һ±ơ
ǰˣһû
ң
ͷһ, ΢΢һ, ŵ, ֪δڷȥԱߵĲ¥˵ɳɡ
û, һ˼֪˭
ͷЦŵͷ, ֪, ʡƽμׯ, ʮһ˶𣿡
ͷһ
λòɣ
һͷĳ, Ҳӳûϵ
Ǹҵҵҵˡ
˵ʧʲô
ʲô£
ͻûӦͷһμɡ
ͷͷ˵ͷһμ, и˿϶֪
ﲻ, ǻȥԱߵĲ¥˵ɡ
͵ͷ
Сµȥ, ˵ҿһʱزȥ, ð¡
С붮, ӦһֳԺ˹ȥ

͸߽˲¥Ķ¥
ʱ¥Ŀֻǵĸ, ˵û
Сһ俿λõķ䣬һݴ
ֵ˼СģСֱ͵ȥ, ûзԸ벻Ҫš
˴ʱԽɡ
ͷȴ֪ԷϢ, ȻôŵӸˡ
еڡ
һԼһģǲǡ
ӽ˷䣬СѲˮĶˣ߻λſţŵһͳԡ
˺ڣǻ˵°ɣʲô𣿡
߽ķģŽҪͿĶ˳
ƴĺһ򿪣ͷϸĻƳš
һ鲼һϣֶסˡ
ߵ˴ƣǲͦ졣
Σ˻Ѻӿϻⶫ²ڲܿģɡ
΢΢һꡣ
ûԵ£ˡ
˵žתҪ뿪
һ£ⶫڲ뿴Щܵū˵һɡ
ֻһ죬Ȼ¶ˡ

Զ𣬾֪˭
˶ʮˡ
ɵ𰸾ǰȴô֪ˣϣ´δһֱЩǸΪǰӵ
߷˻ū⻰ūֻ֪Щһֱĸӣֻûܼʱǡ
ͺǺΪʲôˣ

ĳɵ۶ڶࡣ
ֻмһԣԣе㲻ӵСӡ

佨˵ò̫ãǾ·ȴǿ̫࣬ھǻӣ˵ʲôҵ̸ʲôҲǲѡ
Ϊ֪ʵǸλûʲô¶
֪ôһĹĻӣְа׼һˡ
ʶʱ֣ʱ
ȻҲ̽ӹ̽Ϣʱˡ
ƽڣ֣ľӾפڴˡ
ȻҲ֣ЩֹضȥҲʱŰͼ
ʱʶġ
Ϊ˸õ̽ϢԼ˸ݡ
˵ԼˣѧģԱõĲμӻԡ
ԣЩһֱнʿ˳ѵҵ
ʱߵôæ
ԭǶĴԼҵľ˾һƹˣΪ̫ӵȻûźãȥȼˡ
һȥûٻ
ߵʱŸջûãһξ͹ȥ˶ʮꡣ
ڣʹˣϥûӣֻһλ
ڳ쳳ãƽؾһӣƾʲô̱˵ġ
ⲻĸˣǴСḶ֪̌һ
ȻҲϵƽһĸˡ
ǽ¿ƽʿһʹˡ
⼸գ˸ͣһȷǲǻӣҸʶտᶫ
ôټĳ࣬ǵɻʱɢˡ
Ϊ˱ⰲһţһԿɲô
ֹǳ񣬾
ֱһС

˵²ǽҲһյ衣
һ̧ͷͼһĮ
Ҳ׼ʲô˼
ʵûʲô˼˾û֮⣬һ˿ҡ
Щû׵ȡ
Ҳȷʵ굱ʱҶǶõĽһݲ˵
ͻ˿ʲô
ȥ̳лλ
ߵȻȥһžˡ
ͺǺãܻȥ𣿡
΢΢һ㶣ЦūӣСһ֮ˣ۵ĿɶˣȻڲܻȥ
͵׾ͺãһȥˡ
ˣûҵҡ
ߵͷĺӸûӣֱˡ
Ȼһĥ⻰ͻȻޣǰ˱Ƶͬ

һţͼСվڲԶ
˫һۣ˿˻ĵģʦ֣˵ҵĵĲȥҳ
ʹǰһסá
ֱ˺Ժ͵ıи
Сµʱ䲻ˣСĽջȥǸˣھ¥ʳɡ
ͷԼ˸ʲô
һ㶼Զ
˵ҪԸ㷹ҲҴһݰɡ
˵ҪӸС£ȴǿһֱϵ塣
ղͷҪӦһġ
عʱСѾˡ
ʦ֣Ǽˣ
Ϳȥ˵
ŶһŵĻص˰칫ҡ

Դ֪Լǲ˵ĸ˭֮󣬽ʱЩϳ극鷿ڰ¸˳
˵˴˿̣˿˵ʲôʺˣ
Ȼ˺ȥ̳лλ
ʦ벻ȥ
ҡͷ˶ʮ꣬˵ȥǱز죬͵ڵȥ
ֻһͨˣֻһŻ߾ˡ
ôڴȥ϶û˹עڲһˡ
¿ƽʿǰŹʿĿԣ˺Ժ
ݣ˵ȥˣǳǶЩѡ
ûãˣ˵μһˣһѧϰʦֵǶǣ
ôԸǸ벻
о仰ʲôţ粻ɣÿ湻ɵġ
ѧҵгɣҵո𲽣ԼϲĹﶩס
Ҳ˹ȥִ
һլӣÿҸġ
ȻȴͻȻһը
һ㶼ûбؼҼ̳лλ飬ޡ
ʦֱżҲģ˵У취ġ
οʥʱҶӣ˵Ѿȫ׼
͵ûôס
Ҫܳ˵Ҷ˵ʱͲǸˡ
һᣬĸͷ𣬡꣬Сͣʲôأʱ𣿰˵ɡ

ǧܸ
òںˣһܴ̼ȫøᣬҪϵѺãһк̸ɾˣҲûʲôùӳԡ

ˣ˹⼸տĸİĻֱӸߣʵڴ򷢲ߣȥԼ
Сŵˣ磬ˣ
һҧˣţǧİð˸Ƶ
İɣЩӶҹϵȡհ¸ƽˡ
ŵͷֱʲôʲô

ĵ˼գߵûҼ
ǿŵŵҲǹλˡ
һξ͵˶ڵǰһ졣
ϵҲȫˣæôЩ죬ؼңú׼ȥ⿴ۡ
֪һգŶżһ졣
صңȥԺµĲ˽ˮ
ĸιʱпѣС²ڣ԰Ӷû˴ˣоûǰúˡ
һӺͿʲô¶ãҲ֡
ҲֻιιѼ
ʦֹȥ
ĸȥ𣿡
ЦȻˣĻôóԣСǿϲˡ
ĸȥһЩһȥøϡ
㶹ҲһЩ꣬Ҫ͹ºңըЩǸǴϡ
ӦһҰѲ԰͹ȥ
հһ룬ͼһص˹˵ҹˣ͵Ǽλˡ
һʱû
Ϳشˡ
ʲôѵܡ
˵û˵صĹϵͻǲ³
Ϊͬļ磬Ͻͷ
죬ʦ֣Ҿùһƽ
͵ͷҵû
һЧ

ιûԼŮ
˼ӣһ±ζ
Ҳ֪ĶģϲмצЩ
˲٣갡ͷһûôھúƹɡ
һôˣ
صϴβ˵ڵնڣ游λֵǶȥ⿴ۣҲȥʱǱߵ㣬˼棬顣
һûأ
ز㷭ۣŪ˭أҪҲôûȥ
ǰ¸ˡ
ȴʲôѽǺԺǸ㡣˲ѧƽƽɳãⲻǰʱȥμӻĿû¼ϣμ˳һ߹ϵ˶ҪȥˣǴƷ¡
һôЩ죬껹ͷһ˵˵֡
һͨԼŬ˵˳糵ô£
أôǱˣⶼһˡ
겻ʱ䲻ˣЩȥɣһ÷ء
أ

ô׾ߵġ
Ѷϣû˵ʲôʱ𣿡
ۿһؿһ⣬ż껺⼸궼š
ؾȵڼʲô⣿
Ѿеĥûˣ˲˵ʲô
ŶûС
ˣ֮ټᣬ͸ĳա
֣ǰͷţͲػʲô
ε갡ǵʲôۣ
ʵڣؼڣӣгϢˣϴΪϵĺԺ;ǻˡ
һ˶ؼҡ
˵ʵڵģ˵̫̫Աʱƽࡣ
ؼҵӣǹò⡣
ܻȥǾͲһˡ
ؼҵĶ࣬ƫƫûһһгϢġ
ҲΪʲô̫̫Ҳͬڡ
ҶߵشүϣܻȥʵеҲ֣Ҷ˽һ㡣
ϣñˣҲ
֮ĹϵҲֵܺгġ
ЩؿɲҸͻͻ󲻹һ䣬ΪڹٳһЩһ䣬пɽûɽҪõĶ࣬Ǽ
û
ΪԼ룬û
Ȼˣˣұﵱңʱĵճ
ǺҲĵճװס
ؼ˽ӵݣĸתһԲ˳ĵճϲڵݡ
˵ûʲǫ̂ⷳ٣ϵ˾Ҳ˰ۣˣؼͷСӿ̫ˡ
صȲ˵Щռ˵вС
Ҳȥۡ
ȥƽšüŵԺһֱˣһ֪Ҿò̫á
ݣʵһЩزסɴҲͱƣͰ˲֪
ʱʱһ£롣
˵ýҲҶҪǮɣоܽܣϾףúúõģΪԼӣЩڵģͲ̫ˡ
ˡ
ʱȥɣʱ㡣
꣺

سӣת˼ңһƿžͼСվǶֱؿ
ˣû°ɣ
ڰ֣ģЩ±ζһ԰ɡ
С£
⻰˵ʱе㳤ѾѲ˵ظˣ˳Žˮ
ųԵģش͵ģ
ͷ˳캰һһмצˡ

Ҳǲ֪ûƽʱǳԵġ
û˵꣬ϤζţһľǳȥǼҡ
װGPSզģ
±ζ˲䲻ˡ
Ժһңս̳ʼצԺڼС
ͼɫã⣬ҴӺͶһҵøǽ⣬Ҹ𽲽
˵ѧϰ£˾
ʮ˰ɣ
࣬³
ϣһһ԰ͯԡԺˡ
ʱŬ³ǡ

Ľ˴һʱۿʱ䲻ˡ
͸Ҳòˡ
͵գʦҪȥҲúϢһա
ְԼµõһԾøˣҼ顣
˵ţͼˣӵݸС£̤鷿Ц꣬²ҽʲô
ܲרӵġ
ֹ˵ʵʹ죡
һ۲ͻͺСʿĿԡ
ʱ˵ٶ౾ˣҲֻǾݡ
մ˾ͽǵϢΪ۵ӶĶʮ
ĿǰܽϢ͵˵ֻңҼѾһǧˣҲ˵̶̰ʱڣ֪ľһǧ
ҲǱˡ
ʵЩ
ǵõʱʱüҲ
úд߸ˡ
תȥøӣʵ̲סˣ㻹ѽ
꣺
ְѸӸûȥ˳ָ˹ڻóƱĴڻ̵Ļȥˡ
һʱ䣬ⶼһ˰ɡ
¸ˡ
˶࣬ʦҲ࣬ѹȱĵط󣬸˵ԭǸСسˣԻĴü궼еġ
⻭ô̵ʱȫȥѾѵˡ
ؼǾҶ׼ɵģɵģ㻭ٺã˼ʱҲҡ
꿴һƱеСϲ
һʮ
ʱ䣬ǿԸͶͶ壬ҼǵҶɵĹϵãˣÿʱͿʼѡμ¹ɽʫˡ
꣺
ǲ֪Ҿܾɰɣ
>_<




112.  270-272   ͽ+Ӽ

ˡ
ͻȻһصĻ, ôһ
С£ĥīҪ
˵׬ò, СҲⲻǡ
Сµ뻭ģ
Ҳ, һ˹, , ǽտʦ, 갡, Ǿܾɺɵأ
ۡ
һʱûס, ˮݺݵǺһ¡
ĵꣿ
Ҳʮ꣡
һġ
λķ羰ͼ, ƴһһֿܸģͷָоĻ̫ࡣ
þȻ˼ң辶ɡ
Ҳͻ
ô, Ϸȷʵ̫Ū´ȥ˽ӻ߹ײĵơ
λɺ÷ɵķ񻭵, ΢ϸһЩ, ּӵЩɫĵ׺, ա컨, ˮζСѼġ
СѼճεĻС
ʦ⻭绹ͷһμ
ɵϸ, ֱ÷ɵ
͵ʦ壬һɺһĻ䶯¹ɽʫᡣ
һ䵱꣬һ䵱ꡣ
ɵôǵ, ʦֽʮѽ¹ɽʫʱ򣬲żɣ
۵һ
æס, ˵ûʲô꣬Ҳǰ
˻һ
ǰҲûѽ
˱ʣŵԱɹ˳һֽһٻһҼȥ
ͺĵƸ
˵λһģҪǴһ
һϹˡ
ٹһӰԱһشִֵˣͷ˼СͿã˲ŷǸУﲻ֪ǲ
ԱЩ֡Ħͼ
º󣬸оˣֻһƷ۵εЦԴС壬ͷ͸Ƕһġ
һᣬʦǰͷǷĦһܴҳɵӰӣһ۵Ѿʲôˡ
룬⿴Ͷˡ
ǧ˰أǼǻˡ
꽫ŵһȥˣҲӻ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
ңղˡ
һҳԿ⡣
˻һСز˹ʦ壬ܸѧ𣿡
լӵӰںþ껭ģʱʱҲ;ɣɽռ껭֪ҵ¸ʵˮƽ
Цѧǲԡ
ֻڸѧϰÿ͸ǽʱѧʣ͸ϢˣĻʱѧ
͵ǰϿεʱвУ
ÿѧգÿѧ꣬ͿԲһ¼յʱ㹻ˡ
վһŸͷƵˢˢصͷ
һҲӦˡ
һʱ䣬ô
ϳһĿ⣬ִСߺԺһᣬʱ䲻ˣŻȥ˯ϴ˯

Դϴ֮󣬾ûٻ
ڶ죬˸硣
ĸҪȥڰˡ
ͷһţиоԼߴһҰֿ
̧ͷͦأߵԱ߻ʱʱĺ졣
쵽ſʱǰͷһӺƺƵĶ˹
һͷ֣ʱеͷƤ顣
ģôͰˡ
˼ҪҪȥ㣬ͼһŸͷȺվ߿˹
ĺһϣʶˡ
Էתͷવس˹
꣺
Ӿ⽫ͣЦЦشҪȥ𣿡
ӣ¹ٽճȥ㡣
á
Ǻشʲô£Ҫȥ㣿
üܺӼղԽˡ
˵Цˣ¹ʲô£Ǯ׬ˣˣΪ͢ˣڼˣڹЩΰˣż룬¹ٻᣬеǻ飬еĻΪ
ֻҪ˼ˣʲô
˺ڣĿһһɨ
ۿŶԽԽԶѾСˣʲôߣûشˣļ𣿡
ѽ̧ܡ
̧ûԼˡ
ʵƥûʲô飬ɾֲһ˾ȻӮò̫ѽǲǲ̫ɣ͵Ƕʦ̺ĺúõġ
ǺһǱŷҪȥ
˵²ۣϻǺʵĻش𣺡лӹģ¾ͲӷˣȻˣǱضõܰԼ͵ǳʲôˣ
֪ˣ˵¹ٲ֪ĻΪСͳȥĶҪ˻ȥⲻǸĨ𣿡
ѣ
źڡ

ĶѾ˳ǣЩԱߵߺҲʼ½½ĳǡ
Сµˣʱ䲻ˣǻЩǰɣҲӿ۵ʱ䡣
ŷ֣ݳС¡
΢Ⱥ󣬱תߺߵˡ
뿪Ҳʼˡ
СǶĿǰĴһ֪
˱бͬ۸֮⣬жӣټλү
СѪǱ
Ҫ֣ھ϶Ͳһˡ
Сһ߼ݳһҪҪС棬ֱҶš
ʹӳ̽ͷ꣬λӿɲ̫ѽ
ЩС
˵Ķûȥһ㶼
ްƽʱҲϡ
ҲǴˡ
͵ȷʵˣ´λǱˡ
꣺
ⲻڽҹ
бţȻòǶҲ˽ˡ

˳һ·˳ˣڴҶȥˣȥ˵ǲࡣ
һ˵ʱСһء
ǹºĸк
ĸЦ߹ȥһָСǣС˲λúÿ˵̫̫øб
ͺȥæˮ
˽ˮߵѾһˮˡ
ڳôˣ
һȺСһ𣬱ھʱöˣȤȻ˲Ͷ󣬶ϲʮС
ûӦϢ֮󣬲Űһۣںſ˰ɡ
⻹ǰƵšںſġ
Ŀǰ˵ûӴĸϰʮĴүҲˡ
˽⣬ڻأ
ҶˡˣִмҲԭӶġ
ССûͲ֪ҶûӾͶˡ

³Ŵӣ굽ͷĲ˵ؿ˿
ˡ
ǰһʮˣǸ߰صĴ
⼸հѲ϶ˣ˵ʵߣЩ㡣
ʹװ˼ҼһŮӣٶЩڹþ뾲˼λȥġ
֪ǹҪůЩ˵̬Ȳź
ҹûǰмĸ˹ȥɶԷæϵҲЩ£ʡ˲·
±߸⼸Լ߸п˵ģͷûݣʲô¶㡣
ȥЩ£ˡ
¾ԼǻƽȮۣǳ̲졣
ڣŮ˵ֲôĿ̣Ҫɹ͵ø˼ʮϰٱŬ
ˣ
µʱ仭Ҫô硢ڻҲɣҷСﻹ治ֵصӡ
ˣҸĴæ
ã

ߵͷͼשڵͷԱ߶˲ٵľͷԶһЩɰʯȵȣ˵վͿԶˡ
ʲôʱȥ
ò˰ɣÿСŮһ棬о˶˲١
죬˵ԼϲС
ںſûƭˣ
⼸Ҳֹҹϡ
Сһ˵أְֵؽôֲˡ
ˡ
ºǺǱߵôˣ
Ѿһˣ͵ȹûҪ޸ĵĵط
ûУϾͳɲˡ
˵ʵڵģԴʮԺҲжʮˡ
Ȿ˵ǰû󣬿ɺȫֵģ޸Ĺһһժ¼дֱ̫Ҫˡ
ȫһ̣һ־͵±д
ѽѽʶˡ
˵û֮ǰⱾũȥ·ݾͿʼд١ϣȷĿ¼
֮һ
˵ˣʱϻд֣㣬ǴǱ
µɣҪںͷдţӸŮǾ͸ˡ
һ˼˼ˣһȡġ

꼸ôʱ뿪
ʱװ˲ٵӣЦǺԼģʩ
л
̫˼ˣ⻹öҪǱ֪˷ɡ
ȥʱû𣬺С»˸λá
ͷݳҲ˳ԱߵҲŷ֣㵹ǻöͦࡣ
ӻ֣û٣Ҳеĵá
ЩԼϲ²ܶѶȥ֣ȻͷˣԭȸеһСƢҲĥòˡ
һ·£ͦá
͵˵һ𣿡
Цܲȴ¡
һصӣСʦҽһ
ħֿ뿪
⻹ǵ꿴ռʱϵ˵еľУ
һѾ̫ˣ

ܾйܲã͵˼䡣
ڶգȥԺչһʱʹûȥơ
һţͼߵͯر޴ȥһˡ
˽ʹȡ
һžͼﻹһˡ
˵λǹӼļƹˡ
æʺá
Цر޿ˣ֪رǰн̹ѧ
΢΢һ꣬һˣЦ㼱ʲôСأӼÿ궼ǺԺѡȥæѧģǱѾԱѡˣǰڹӼֵЩѾû취ȥˣӼҪѡ˹ȥڿΡ
ǽ̽ѧʷȻû˵
˽չͷһľ
Щ⣬빫˿ǰ㽻鶼ޡ
ӵʺţ˴˿Ҳֻܹɵػش𣬡ǰǽ̹ѧǸտɲõĺӡ
겻ԼסӼЩӡ
˵㹻ˣǰĺҲǸ̹ѧɣδʱȥǶԽһڿΡ
ݱѡˣ͡Ĺ򴫰ɣ
ʱΪһʱ
ҪôȫԼˡ
걻ͻ¹ҵͷת򣬲˼ˣѡһ𣿡
ЦȻǣ˻ὫʾȥȥıǱ߶вġ
ʵԺ˶ͦȥġ
һΪǱߵѧ϶ԺգһС
ΪǱһڿβһӣһڿΣһҲһˣԺ׬ǮҲˡ
ǣǵøϿΣ֣˲٣ҲǸܸܵġ
е
ҲԣϾǹҵλ
¹ˡ
˴ˣ¹ʣ¹ٵҪ򴫵Ļʲôѧô飬ҴԼѡȡһ֣ĿǰѾʼѧˣҽ󽲣
ǵùӼѧָŵȵġ
ǹ򴫸Ķ˽ǿԣǸѧѶǲҪһЩ
˵ǹټѧ
ͷʼɣЩѧѾѧˡ
Ȼ˵¹Ȼȥˡ
˵Ǳ˵Ѿˡ
ɣֻҪȷһ飬Ǽǰණ·࣬мһ޴ʲôġ
ÿطĽз̫һǻҪٴȷͼ֡Ƿͬһ
ɹѹأϲ̫ƫ
ǹˣͷ¾־Щ׫ˡ
˵ãٵ˵һⱾũǰ˴󲿷ֶ뿪ˣȻЭģô»㸺𡣡
꣺
ˡ

ȥûһʾ˳
Դ֪ԼݣͶЩûʲôȤˣ˵ԷҪ꣬ĥҪҪ
Ҫ£ƽʱҲûʲô¡
о飬Ҳ˵һʱˣͳ֣Զ׼ġ
Сȥȥ
ҡͷҾͲȥˡ
ǲ֪ӼǱߵգ˰ѵʱԼ˵һ¡
ʱҲǱһһڿȥġ
˼οܸ֮оóЩûĺ֣ʲôη֮ġ
ټϵʱһλʦƢֱ̫һλҵĹӡ
һéʱéޣٺ͵˵ûô˳֣߽ˡ
λôưոݣλʦֱûȥԺı˸ŵĲ£ȥˣΪ˲ӵĵڵ˾ѫ˼ҡ
ھ㣬Щѵġ
Ҳͽ˰ҲԶǱߵĹѧˡ
ͷͻһ
չ˵ȥӼ࣬ǲǿıۣ
ӼǸط˵ģӲѫ۸ЩûбĶǳ£û뵽һֶܡ
͵ǲ¶Ӧû¡
СûҲǾģʶء
꣺
Ҳǡ

Ӽĸʾһȥ
񺼺־ȥʱǱߵˣ뺲ԺĽʿʮа˾ŶˣС˵ҲС
Ψꡣ
񺼵ˣôû
־ǲ̫ƵĻɡ
ԭȿǽ֣ҵĿӵģ˵Ӷȥס֣լӣԺסһж֣ġ
˶ͦ굽˭
֣ôôƵҴҲصһСġ
˵ţһֵرѾ빫˶Լˣ˵ҪȥӼԿΡ
񺼿־һۣŵ
ˣöԼҲ״Ԫɣôֱ̽ȥˣ
Է˵ˣ˳ָָڵλá
һڣ֪ݲ򵥣˽˶




113.  273-275   ʦ

걻еºܿںԺ
񺼻ϲ, رãǺԺãͽũ, ֱ˾ټȥ˹Ӽѧ, رϷʶ, ְ϶׾, ʱɱЯЯѽ
޿, ʹ, ѧʺ, ҡֱ, ɱǾͳˡ
񺼻˵ʲôСѾ˽
ˣտǰ𣿸ղżˣ˵ү, λ˵аʦġ
ֵҼǵϴѾݹˡ
СµղǴ˵ҪΪͽǻ, ˡ
꣺
үô, ûġ
һԵֱۡ

˵һ
Цȥ, ȥɣǸ¶, ձǵøǴϲǡ
Ц¹ȻȥˣԿ㷹
ȥ, ȥǵöϷŵ
öֱ̫ˣΪһССݾӮϷϲ, ߣҲǹϲԵģŻᱻԻ
, µĹ
һޣ伮һЩĿɣ˸صȥ
˲ͷˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һɳ©ֵҲŸյδʱһʱã޾ѣ
һҭֻñ졣
̫Ըһ
Ϊ鲻ãײ飬ͽŪˣһ˹Ѷȡ
һԿֱüޣǽռʲô𣿡
񺼵ûа
Ϊ
񺼳ǣǹѽ

صңүûߡ
ʲôʦһԵ𿴵رĽ
͵ѧҲܰʦ
ĸЦҪҲһɣ
˵žȥ׼ʦ
ŵģֻʦˡ
һڣֱЦˡ
Ͳ࣬죬˶ʦʦ鴦˴˿̣ȻֱӰڵˡ
չĹĵأʦܾʦܣֻҪʦֿΪͽ
ͺЦⱲݿ湻ҵġ

ʵû뵽վ˵һ䣬ԺǻվֱӰʦˡ
һݾ
ǲǱʾɺܱܿʵ
үһȥ˾¥˶ٴ͡
ͳųԷļ϶˵ĹΡ
Ҳͦá
صң귿пѣҾ治
Ǯһ㶼ݡ
Ǹƨɺ泤СܣҲãӵӼֱҪ̫ʡġ
뵱ѧӣ
ԣǲǱߵ
ˣֶ˷ǣҡ
͵ͷ鶼Ǵġ
̫ǣңԲΪ£Ӱ쵽ҡ
һһɣôҹ϶Ѿ˶Բߡ
ͿЦϣɡ

պ˵ƣ˯ǰ˯ˡ
ڶգûСºԶϳСµˣүˡ
ʶذһ
ƿӾ̽ͷô£
Сµգ˵ȥط¥ʱˡ
Сһ٣ϵӡֵǮ⣬˰죬Ⱥ˷Ǵˡ
˵󣬵ϴЩĥ
ֱˣЩͦأ˵Ƕ߹ǣΪֻͷֹҲˡ
ͷֱ
˵ôأɲóϣ
˵쵰ЩƶЩ뿪ؼϣ˲ٵ
Щ˵Ŀץˣ
СҡͷȫѲϣãС˵ؼҪϢˡ
Ҵүүλ̫ߣڳе̫үһ
Ǽҵĺ׵ͣǰΪΰǣȥؼҽ̳ѾԪ
ֱ˴ˣ˵˵Ǵˡ
ɳԹȺڲô롣
̾˿˳
͵Ҫúȥؼ
ͷҡͷˣ绹ȥӼ࣬ʱ𣿡
ԣͻؼһСһ̡
͵ңպúñ֡
ǣȴʵЦ
˰칫ңŷ˵Ҫȥ黹һء
ʰӣ˽ЦˣСðλ¼Һ˾û١
ȡһʱµȫȥ
񺼽ʱֱӾȥ˲跿
СƳˣı¿һġ
˶û𻰣СҲû˵ʼ

ǰ͸ĸҪ뼸λ˳Կ㷹
緹㣬СһֱӴÿͷĲ¥˼ӣζƮõǡ
ԵͣԲĹĵضƤСһȥӼ˰ɣ
ͷ
ѹӼôء
ʵ󲿷ֶһȺں֮ڡ
ϵȥ˱ȱȽǣѧƼȥģԸŽȥ֮١
УҲͷ˶೤ʱ䡣
ǰڻΪ£ŭĶˣֹһ
ɱʥʴȣܰ飬ôһ±һֻ۱һֻۣĹӼ죬̫á
Ķ˶̫ˡ
⻰ͬ
˰ֱ꣬˷ʱ䣬Ҳѧʲô

극Сһȥ˹Ӽࡣ
ϴٷ̫㣬˳·ϻѡ
ⶼôˣͷһȥţƵѧУ
뺲ԺҲ̫Զڳｫһ׼Ŀһ顣
˹Ӽ࣬ȥ˹Ƕ
˵رͷһϿεͷѧһΡ
εԼȤĻ⣬Ҳżһ䡣
ͷס
һϿʱҲ̡
Цر޿׼ˣ
ʵûô׼ҲǸղųԷʱϸζ顶򴫡ٸǰıʼǣбݣԼгȡһЩҪĶΪսεݡ
˵β̫ɹ
ԼһᣬϿ֮ǰٴȥ
óֽֽʣҪصԼ˳¼
쵽δʱʱȥУ
Ȼ쵽ᵽıİʱλ˹ˣİյĳϸѧڽбµĿԣһʱỹ겻ˡ
˵û˵𣿡
Է˼¹һʱ
㷭ۡ
˵֮˸ۡ
ȥ·ôһ졣
һΪλӰŵģĿҲǱһ֮
˵⺢ô⻹С
һ㶼
͵СЩǲУǾͲȥˡ
ܲȥѽ˶ˡ
ˣҪԸ˵λǰһҲ۸ˣô˵
˿˵Ҫҡ
ҶԷ˵Ǳһࡣ
һʲ֪ѫˡ
Ӽ߹ĴڣǹӼƶǡ
˵ʵڲ˼رֵģ
Ц޷ʲôѧǽ̡

ҲѼӲ
ôҲܰƸˣһ߶߶һｫٱǾ棬ѧʦĻһ顣
һβȵ㡭
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ڣʱûʲô⡣
ȸѧһ꣬㽫˳
ɨͷѧ
мͱ
ʣ׼ڰдϽҪݣͷиѧи
ת΢΢Ц뽲
ôᣬ֪근伸
δ䣬Ц
̲סӣϽôʷأǸӡ
գڽͬѧ֮ǰһȻˡ
󻺻λͬѧ˵ûͬѧ˵ô󣬵λͬѧʦδ֮ǰȲ˻Ϊ
ǳμ棬Ҫ໥£໥հɡ
˵ʦͱϾµ֮俪Цһܽܵġ
һ䣬ʮ˫۾ˢˢؿꡣ
΢΢ЦȲ˵λͬѧΪΪĬʻϲϳϣΪһ˵һ䣬ĴСѧʵĴС޾ԵĹϵ
Щ˻һӣûԼΪʲô
̶ʮأ˵ʲôؾˣԼԲ𡣡
Сѵľӱġ
úŬһѣôԵΪ·Сֵǡ
Ϊˣ˵ʲôҵЧҹӦǸԼĶλһӻɸĸеṆ̀ԼҸǵɵΪָӣɸĸӡĽ
Щͬѧ˵ëѽ
Ц˵ʲô㣬һΪʦΪϣԼѧΪҵĸĸһ顣
ˣ
˵꣬Ŀɨˡ
ұеȻҲ˿Ȼ붾ЩСǶɵˣЦˣϻ˵ǿʼɣϾǵһθǵʲô˵òԣòõģҶຣ

ڿο˵ôѺã浹ͦ˳
о˵еǣҲΪ竡
֮ǰ˽ȫǱİѧϰҲ֪Ҷ˶٣¿ʱ仹һᣬôɷԡ
ͬѧտʼͦģ˴˿̾ȻĬˡ
Ҫ뽭ͬѧʼɣ
ͬѧ
ôһѪðɡ
˫һۣ֪⺢ûף벻ûϵΪҲǵһΣණò̫ףһӦҵϿηʽ
ͬѧ뺰һ䣬û⡣
Ȼȴȥ
ͻȻоλûʲôë˵ÿһ仰ͦеô£
ֵλͬѧǸտʼϿʱֵ׵ģλһЩҲͦ򵥡
궼һһ˳ֿ˼䡣
ںͷߡ
Ϳô£

Σ빫˵һ˹Ӽࡣ
С¼ȫȫβĳ˿ˣڻȥ𣿡
ԺǱѾˡ
ȥ㶫ȥؼҿүɡ
СӦһֱתһȥؼҡ
ŷ˵̽صģҲֱͦͨӽӲŸŽȥˡ
С¿һ±ơ
ҲòȥתһȦһ̫õСԺ
˿̫գԺȴڴĴڵʵʵȷʵԵĵط
ͼϤӰԺµĶС
˵صģش̧ͷҴһƳָָԱߵȥˡ
Ŷ룬ͼؼѵشӴϷ˸Ҫˮȡ
첽ǰס
תãһǿյġ
ٶԱȸղԺﶷеشĻವһ¾ˡ
˺ÿûˮˣ˸㵹һ
ȴ˸գۿ꣬Ϊ㡭
˵䣬˲ˡ
ᣬؼж飬֪˹Ӧġ
ôͺ˻ڡ
ѽĻ˻ȥ
ţŵϵûˮˣ鷳λӰæˮɡ
شõûˮˣԼղˣָ˭أ
⻰ҭã˼Ҳ֪ؼҵˮ򣬶ˮҲҺȣǸ׿ڿˡ
ϻδ䣬͵Լˣôʲô߿Ź⣬ҼҴ󽫾ͿӮˡ
شʲôҴ󽫾ҪӮˣҼҳʤռϷ磡
ҧҧ
ѽ
꿴ͷߡ
캰ڣ½ʹû˸ϰɡ
Ŀǰ˵ĹϵܿشزŲʣ޲ȥ
ϸһ룬굹ôһ
Ϊ˳ؼҽеζƵϵϡ
ǳˣؿĸûˣܲ
ˮһȦСҵ˰ˮ
Żݡ
Ҳ֪˶ãۿֺžҪ
Űɣ˽һˣҲû̺ţǸ׺ˡ
߶߶˼䣬ǵ˱ˮССڵĺȥ
һˮͣ˿
ô̺˶ûУ
ؿЦҲգҲա
ϲǮ𣿲̺ɣܲԼڴš
ɱûˡ
ϱҽԺĴˣ̫ܿ
ֹˣ߹Ҳˡ
ԼǱƵû취ˡ
صôѽ
ؼǴƼң󷿵ﱾһź£Ϊ£Է¸ˡ
Ǻ
ӻؾʱߵиܼҡ
ɴ˵ʲôܼҽţ˵Ϊߵ˲̺ãѧģֹߵˣߵҲˡ
ɵؼңȴ˸ʹ
ʹΣ˶ڼֲΪɣҪôŲҪ֪֪׵Ĳźá
֮ҵɽߡ
˶̺ˣԼʹӣ࣬סġ
ҲȥһؼҵӣҲԸá
ټֽܶǲںû̺
ڻط¥۲Ĳɡ
ҲΪʲôһؼҵԭֻҪĶӳڴ󷿡̫̫ǰ̧ͷͦغú˵
ԺԭҲһ뿼ϹͷصĺúӣԴºΪϵԭشŸȥŵĹҲʧȥ˿Եʸ
˵ʱѾϡ
ɳ͢ɷôѪԵϵּϡ
ӱ㽫תƵϡ
ⲻˡ
˵ʲôʲôʲôǵǰһţ游£ر㣬ʱֱӱˢ
Ϸ£ȷʵǲٱ¼ˡ
Ժü
Ҳû̫࣬Ȼ˵ؼҵˣ̫̫ͷһĲ㡣




114.  276-278   ̫+γ

˵, Ҳ֪ΰοֻҴЩģ, 
صͷ, ֿˡ
ѳԵù, , Զֿڿ, ˮҲŵ˸ǰ, ȳš
ҪȥǼүӰɣ
һ, ͷ, ֻúߺ˼䡣
̫࣬ҾǾûչ˲С
Ķȥ꣬ʵֻҪϻ, ҵһùġ
ؼңҲôһϢġ
үǶָأ
˵Щ߰Ļ, ھ, ܻ컯, , Ҳ
죬Ӷˡ
Ĭһȥ˵ʲô
ɸչʮ, ˣûչһͦǾ͵ھӳϯˡ
أ
С, ô

Եͦ㣬ȥͷ
شڶУżһתֱ˹ȥ
ֱ㽫еС׸סˡ
˷֮ǰ, λһ仰
ղŴص߶߶УҲˡ
شԭиϱģһ˶ӣϧºźӶûܸȥˡ
˵رǮ
˵׵ʱ
͵Ǽȫǹ
شǹûˣûˣźȫûˣǰӣ̫ӵĺҲûˣԱ
غŵʱ򣬻ط¥Ӽȫˡ
ر˴ˣ˸޶ԣһɼʧˡ
껹Ǿ仰
ӣҪǻŻط¥ĺϻ˻ӡ
ˣط¥˭ҲҪһǮ
ΰֲһ˵Ĵ
ΪԼǾ͸úúϧ֮׵Աѹ
Ȱһһġ
ֲֻпһ·ǱͺóģȻ볯Ϊ٣ܸûɣ
ؼϵ϶Ҳ׵Ķˡ
һѡ
ǰţĸѽž͸оȷʵǸζ
ΪǸӶԼΰĸô˼ɳһҵԲΰ
صǰܲܡ
ط¥£ôʵ϶Ŀǰκһ˼̳С
ԣػţǻûط¥ǮԻط¥ˣһг
˵öЩˣ˾ĬҲ֪ȥû
ײλǲƽɱ˽ڡ
ûТ˳ˣϵûˡ
⻰˵ޡ
ϱӸĸ˶ôãȴ㶼ûܻ

˺üѲԼת鷳ȥǼүӰɡ
ʲô
˵㶾վû³ֻȻˣݰͷ

Ϊܰİ

оԼܵе
ɿӣܰɣʵڹȥǵ
үӵߣһ·ƫƧģʱҲӲܵɡ
ؼƺҲûеĺã֪ǲס̫ƫƽʱû޼ݴԺӻզģ;һ·ݷ賤һ㲻ſڵĹ
ţͻȻ磬𣿡
Ų΢΢һ٣µ˭˵أ
Щ̫ȷʱƽʫʱ껹Ǵ߹ӣʱЩɣ־ò̫
Сų꣬ôسǵ߹ӡ
ֱʱʱشүǶܣ̫үǶȥ˹ȥ֪˵Ǹӹ˻ԡ
ٺһգظ˵棬Լ˽ʿˡ
̫̫үӣλ岮ӵ˵Լ̽
ʱȺλƽʱ˲ٵ߹ӣԽﳤ֪硣
м䷢ʲô£ؼҵˣҲ޴ӵ֪
ҲȷʵΪؼҵˣлῼлν֣˹ء
磬֪㡣
Ц㺰Ҷ磿
΢죬磬ҡ
ݣǼңΪ㸸׵ƽʱǼңϾ֮ǰⶣң˾һƶˡ

бҺ˸磬ȻǶأָǰһң˵үأ
⻰װ˵ɵˡ

̫үոջؼң˵ˡ
ڶԷ˭˵ֻ˵ǸˣѴҲͦͨģͯûֻһ򣬳ӾͣԱߡ
̫үϸһƣŵ˫һǷסſڵʯܲסӡ
ıʶǡҪԼҵȴһһɫľͷɵģֻһҡ֣
֣͹֮ǰչ
ҲչģΨ֣Լľ񹢡
̫үһ˼֪ꡣ

үȥ̽һԺӵ
̫̫˵ȥʱҵ˻ˣ̫үλӳˡ
үӵ֪ˣȥѴүͶүй̫̫Ǳ˵һǽչȥһЩ
үӲŰ˴ûһᣬСͯźԺشˣİ
Сͯ
үӵǽ
еİүһʱζӳ¡
󷿶ļӣһԽ̵ģɵ񣬾ҲǴ󷿵˸ˣǵ׵ġ
λ˵ˣŶޣǰйţϧºûˣҲǻججعӡ
λ۵߸ȴ˳˳̽
˵ںԺѧʿʶĹĿ࿴

Сͯݣһ۾ƼһüĿˡ
˫һۣүˡ
òʰ
үӻ
ԱߵȴվǶһ
үӵˣ
ûһۣſںƣһЩˡ
ү˼䣬㽫˸ˡ
ֻүӡ
귢֣ؼ˼Ǳû̺û˸ˮү̺ˣҲˮ
ղСͯ뿪ʱүӻ⽻ûٻ
Ѫ
˺ðɡ

û˸ˮҲսپ
ѧ̫˲Ÿ߰˶ԽյűЩͻ
һ̫ķɣ˳̼⡣
ʵǡԱ𡱵Ĺ¡
˵ҲʲôТ˳ӣ̫̫ȷǲȡ
кк
ټϡ䡷ɩ˵ѧʵȫһ⡣
үҲ֪ûһһ
꣬һܽᡣ
ʱүͶүûܹ
үӻ䣬ʱ䲻ˣѧϿأ뿪
үӵԺӣ곤˿
ѾĽֿĿɹġ

ϸ²꣬ͼԱߴ˳Сشˣ游ˣ
걻ͻȻֵŵͷֱ˸ĿڵˣүӲѧţȷʵǳ

˵õģȥ˵ġ
صǶѾӸˣҲԵʣ
ܳԵ̫θ߹Ƕˣһߴһʹֱü
ھô
ޣС
Ȼˣұˡ
˶ֵҸղλӵ̸ҲˣҶˣԺ¡
ԣȰһ䣬ؼãɱϾԼңӹ̹ЩͷլӰȥɡ
С°ˣط¥һôҲ׬ǧ
غӵĻԹˡ
һɲģղŸ˵ǮȫӻˣǰҪլӡ
˵ʲô
˵Ǯֻ߻װ
ֻҪһ˲ӾԹյġ
Ĭһ꣬治롭
סһһֵ㶼˵˴ӺͶӽû취߿ƾ·ˣڣҵ³Σ
˵ϲɱϾǵĸ
˸¡
⻰ЧúùӣͰ¸˰ɣԺʲôѴֻҪΥģΥɷģҶΧ֮ڰæ£ҷ飬ؼҵĴҿǿһ̫Ϊ𣿡
أ
ˣ

λǴӲߵġ
˳СµˣղشүͶүˡ
һ£ûʡ
СȴŵǱ̫үлġ
о֪ˣߵÿ죬˫Ҳû棬ŹȻǸö
С뵽һȥˣ·һ·ӱ޵Ļ˼ҡ

ţ͸ոΡ
͵ڹӼ໹˳𣿡
Цаɣʱ˱һ࣬ѧǶС
ʲô
ǱߵѾˣֻˡ
͵ӼǱˣǴ˸ԾϢ
𣿡
ҡͷ
ҲûȥĶˡ
굽Ļָ˻ȥϴ˸軻ķҲȺˡ
ȥ֮ǰȥԺС߸˳һһѾûһԹˡ
С߻ǰһڿ֮ǰͷ˶ֱۡ
ԴЦʲôҸС

СƽʱҲǳˡС֮ģ֪ʵȽϲԹӣС˿ӡ
С߳Եýζ
ȴԵò࣬ٵһ뷹ʣ˴룬ϲԵҲûڡ
СԺȥԺ˻ݡ
԰ˮӹӼȥ̫ң
ͷ
ǰһֱãؼӲùǸӣԼǮǲ̫̫ϲٲί
һȥֱ۽硣
ؼҹȻǽ⣬С
˵ТˣˡˣǼҲһֵġ
Ҳ֪ԼԽˣɲ˵ȥ˵ȷʵû
ԣرʹ졣
Ҳ֪İؼҡ
͵ҾãشǸˣֻһʱϣǲٹտǱû㵽ʱҸſˡ
Цʦ֣˵ͼʲôѽ
İ
ЦʦҽûԱСһȥмצɣ

һ굹ǲõʱʱˢڸˡ
˵ˣ𶼿Ƴʲôˡ
꼦צͻȻͺˡ
صңſͣһԶԶǰŵĵд˸ء
һݣղŵĺ˲ɢˡ
͵ҪȹȥȻᡣ
ҡͷȥɣ
Щ¸ĻҪġ
ǲؼֱӰش͹ˣŲŷ֣شүͶү
֮⣬˲ٵ
ˣϸһǽȥؼʱ߲ŵλ
شүһţЦӭر޽ʵڲ˼
ûڽдֶӣһ˲λá
ؼλүǸǸġ
˵Լλ鲻֪ߵغģȻõ̽ɡԺƷ˲ţʵǳıӵ
˸˹귢䡣
ҲԺһһˡ
ү˵Цˣһ˲ҵ¹ٹȥʱҲδݣλҲǾְأʲôʲôݣýʲôţҲû
⻰˵ãشүýӻˡ
ӲĶӡ
ضүȷʵǹ̲ܽܣرǧ
ûֻʵʵ˵
ؼҵ˶˷ֳŵȣƽʱ˼Ұڳ̬Щĸң
Ӽᶨ꣬Բܻؼҵľġ

ؼλү廨λˣŵźһ͵˺ͷĿⷿ
͵꣬ǻеצӣвУ
Цˣٿȥָóˣ
ͣ

ڶգ·ϲ
ũǿʱһ䣬ҲûʲôԵ£ǽɹɹ
һԼĴ
ʱմӲ˱飬񴦷ҳߵСֹͯˡ
ȥȻˡ
һ꣬˱ЦرޣٹһյԿͨˣֹϷòѧҲͦϲ㽲εġ
꣺
˵һڸպȱһȴһɡ
šüôࡣ
ˣܷ񻻸ࣿ
˵಻ô
⻰ǰסˡ
ЦյĿΣϷҲſˣϷ뺢ദõġ
Ҳһֱ࣬ճɼµʱٰ
ĻûѺָҭᶼˡ
ǶԺúദʲôᣡ
T_T
ЦСغúøɡ
ޣǸɽƵġ
˵л˵Ŀ϶¹ٶúŬ
˵ǱϿεʱ䣬㿴ʲôҪ𣿡
һɨ΢΢üһο𣿡
ָʵеѽ
˵ʵҲ࣬˵黭ã㰲黭Ρ
ֻҪúỵ́Ϸһġ
˵ģǶЩӿ϶ٲģԺڿΰڿεǮ㡣
ߣҲȱǮ
ʱ仹ڼҰĻء
ˣ

ÿµϢղȥ֮⣬µʱ䶼˫Źȥ
ϸһ㣬һ±ȵȥ졣
ΪӼÿ·ʮݣҲʮʮûʮʮžֱݡ
Ϳ˿ݸĿγ̱ϸһ£ôÿ¸һҲοΡ
ξʷΣһ黭Σһ˵ʮοΣµ黭ȴǰࡣ
Ѫô˵һҲʮοΣһ붼ǰġ
ͣ




115.  279-281   +

˵һѧǳѴ
һ, Ҳûʲôģ˶˵ˣʱ
ҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ڶչȥʱ, Ǵʮ־, ȹ۲ûʲô, ֱ˳, թ, ֱվϿεġ
Һ, ּˣ
Цͦº, ϴβ֪ѧĶ, 򴫡ǹָĿĿԽգǾȿ԰ɣҲǻ˽һ¡
ˣ
Ȼûʲô˵, ǾͿʼɡ
Դ֪֮豸Ƚˡ
ǶŪһԺԵ, Ǹʡ֮, ѶĿǵİɡ
ŽҪڰ, ˵, ǶרŸӡƵԱȥ, յʱŪˡ
ùһƣרŸӡˢĹһĸ, ֽرһƴܿƴˡ
ʮԾҲûöʱ䡣
ԵĽͬѧæԾЦԺͬѧҵĿδ, ʲôҪԽ´Ͽʱͳһظ
ͬѧ
˵˿
⻹ˡ
ޣǲ
Ԫװ˵ģôһһŽӸȥ
ڿʼʱΪʱܻ᲻˶٣ѧʱȫջмһ㣬ǧͷӶҲ÷飬׿ԣֻ˽һ´ҵĽȣðŽǸýʲôݡ
ڽԪǰͬѧѪϻôôࣿ
׾Ͳףǵ˵ô
Ԫ׵ϻʼɡ


ѧͷ⣬Ҳûš
ѽմӲһ˳
ϸ۲˻ᣬӡӶû⣬Сȥȱ˶ֽţŤŤоһóֽʣ߿߽ҪĻ¼
һͬѧǹӼ࣬ϵ竾ۼء
һһ
֮ǰ˵ףҪǾЩѧ½ڿα㲻ȥˡ
ʱֻƵϡ
ůůġ
Ҳһڿε׼
˴˿̣ûʲô鷢
һ翴ʮҳʼǱϼҳ
ԪװѾʱлߴҿԻؼˡ
ԼǰûһСθꡣ
ʰ׼ˡ
̧ͷͼԪľһ㻹
Ŷûã໹̫
䲻ټǰͷ֣̹壬ʵʱͬС졣
ụ̂ƽʱҲɱ֡
㶫ѡĶⷽ顣
˽ʿ֮ɵһ㣬ڲ챳徭ˣԳһЩпԼϲˡ
ȻУϲ飬Ҳרлȥġ
Ժô࣬ûŲ֮ǰȡСĿ꣬һ¿ı
Ԫ׵ȻŶΪοⱾ
꾪Ȿʲô𣿡
̫ʺϳѧߡ
ȻƼһ˵󽫾֣һĴӢۣͬѧ϶С顭
Ԫף
ôһԾûС

ε񣬽ԪûƢˣӱɣȿⱾٿӣٿ躡
Ǻҵ˳ûë
ǰˡ
ԪһѾôģ
ǵöʲô߰㡣
ǵöԼþĴʾ䡣
Ԫ׵ʵһӱ͹ѧһӣΪǶ徭һֻҪ˾Ϳˣһ飬һһ䶼ֵãÿһ飬вͬ򡣡
ʵҪʵۻĿ飬ٶҲûá
һȥϸӱ
ڵܽʮƱù졣
ȷʵС
Ԫ׵ֲս̣ͳˣϸоʲô
ҡͷˣѧףܡ
Сӡ
㲻ˣһҪá
Ԫ΢΢һ㶡
Цлͬѧҽ󣬸ʲô׵ģͬѧߴͽ̡
˵ŰѶʰ˳ַһ½ͬѧĴ
һе⣬ʮа˾ŵͬѧˣڴûϸơ
ǡʱһͬѧƿŵϰô£㻹δˣ
Ȼˡ
Ԫ׵ȥģ𣿡
ȻҾ͵ˡ
Ѷʰãһ˽ҡ
ڿΣ˵һڿΣԪǾ䲻ŵĵ٩յǰȵعˡ
˳֮СµˣСƼǰλλͬѧղһȥˡ
һģ
Ȼǰͬѧûġ
СµСŲǣҴ󽫾һƲ϶

ô˵أ
ʥϴ˵ģʵз֮ģϴȥ£֣ȥˡ
ǻ˵ʥҪ϶˵Ҫ֣뾩
ʱ֣һ֣ȡѴִ󣬿ƫƫ֣û֣ݷݵشżҾ˾
Ҳ˵ûϾܾȴʵж˻޽硣
˱ƹ˭֪֣ϣû󽫾Ǳһɣֻܴӳˡ
СµԱߡ
ͷֱ
СµүʱͽСģСҸ˵
ޣʵɲظ
֣˼ʱҲ֣˸ˡ
Ȼһأ
ǱʵĻǵɵģ
С£

Сûش⣬˽󽫾
󽫾Ʋ϶ȻӽԪҲ뾰ѡ˲Ը
λŸɵģżһŴһܵҲûҡ
ԪһҵҲһȻ˼ҵģ֮߰ʮָͷù
СҲˣ飬ȷǾʹ˻
˹ϵá
ҶˣҶ֣ϵã˵С¶ΪԼµ˾͸ġ
⽫갲ŵԪࡣ
ⲻСµףҲö˰ɡ
ͷˣǹѣʵýԪ뾰Ը£һֱң˵еĵºڡ
СҲаɡ

Сһ·ǿŲôһϿε˼͵˲١
˵ĵ˾ѡ
ȡһӪ
صң̻ء
귢һ쵹ͦæġ
ôڿҿңŬŬع˼ա
һԷʱС°ѷ͵Сˣүؼҡ
΢΢һ㶣ˣ
լϱߣаʱ·̡
굹֪ĸ֣ƶϸ
ǱլӵͦĿǰݡ
ǷƬˡ
СµҪҪ͸ȥ
Ͼ˽ʿ֮˼Ҳ
Ͱɣ
͸ļƽ
Ĭһ극һǼ͹ȥǺ񡣡
Сϴֹôһ죬ЦҲ̫ˣ˭Լ黭ѽ
˵ʲôҵĻһʮأ
СҭòУʮȷʵˡ
ͷֵָǿɴ֮
Сĵֱʳȥĵطˣ͵ȥ𣿡
ҡͷСҸ˰͹ȥˡ
ЦӿǽһĲ
ʦҲģܲһֱô
˵ѽȴͦģιǰһΣ˵ǶǱѾʹˡ
µ³ܵ
ͻڿҪҪ͸¶һ¡
ɺһ룬һ˫жϲɹأ
ʱ̼һֻصԭ㡣

극ֽػ˷ͼ
һᣬС˸˹ȥ
С˵ģ⵹׸˭ѽ
͵Ҳ̫ˣִֽģ뻭ĳߺģ˵ûУͳߡ
һ磬ϱ˸СլӣǨأҲûʲô͵ģһ񡣡
ֹڽڸ
СҲǵͷ֮ɡ
꣺

У̶һڻؾˡ
ΰëͷ˹
귢֣˾ʮĺǳӵʱ
Ҳʹ겻СӶܸһء
ǽѾģĿҲһˡ
ԽˣĸԱһվȻֻôһȶѾҪһЩ
ĵø̫ˣ
ϲĸŸͣû˵ǸúѧϰҲһ̽ɡ
ԴЦ۲ۣ·Ϻò棿
ͷ
Ȼ˺棬Ǿÿдһƪ˰ֵμǸҡ
ֵ˲亿һ
ϲĵøûгԵĶҺöѽ
öѾȥԵ㶫С°æϴˮ극úϴһ飬Щ·죬оӶˡ
ӣ̲סСأ
ȥˡ
ˡ
ȥֲ˵¸˵һ¡
ͷˣʣڻûչҪһ
ۣƤӶĥˣû˰Ļϣ뵽ˣرľɥתһ룬жˣǲֲĴ㽫ˡ
ѸĶ
̳ӵѼԼѼµãǵ·ϵг⣬Ƶģ·һ£Ҳˡ
һЩϳԡ
ĸϹʱԼһɱˣ⣬ιҲ˲٣ⶫҲ»
һ˳˷һԡ
ĸ֪µգָ˼˫ӡЬ档
ò÷˼ѣѳĻµģǺӦݵģǰĵǿ˲١
ʱǴһȥС°ɡ
꣺
Ǵʲôأ

ʵˡ
ʲôⶼûãλϼңȥʮӣоҲͷһӵˡ
ͷȻܰҪӣЩɽϵز
ƽꡣ
˵һЩ£ϴȥˡ
ǰ˵Ľϴͷܣػزĸ£˵·ͦ˳ԺȲġ
ôһ·;ˡ
ڼҺã
žٷ㣬羰ٺãٲȱǮûԸĹ
˸裬ϲѾˡ
ϴɾĺӣСһԺ
쵱𣿡
ûأ
ֻСƲϡ
ոүƵģռѵһ룬ϸƹǻһСߵ֮ĸ첻ܿ
ֻĸڼԵĺˣһӲϡ
ֹһ䣬һӡ
꣺
⺬ɳӰıҲǹ˰

⼸ʵͦæ
ѾһˣмЩҪ޸ĵĵطðһϡ
ͺС½ĺ֣Ķͨ˹ӼĿԡ
춼ȥǱԿء
Լ֮⣬ҪĿΣһûʱũˡ
ֱӶʱȶˡ
ٰѴĵطϸһ飬дɲᣬɹһ飬»ϾͿԽӡˡ

ܣæ϶ˡ
ϻȥȥëͷ飬ڣԼúû취˵ˡ
ɡ
ͷյġ
ߺߴߴͰæ룬û£ҪƽʱǼϿʱҲϣϵũˣٽҲһ
ߺߣ
ĵҹø˵ˣȻ˵д֣ǸϿΡ
걻һǣñдһ䣺Ҫղѧ
ϴ˵˽ţʱǼҲȽæûȥʹ
˲ͬһˣƽʱҲס
͵һǴǹȥơ
˵ʵڵģǰý̸ѧʵʲô
е롣
ڣһ˽컹ںԺĿźˣһοΣû࣬ÿȥ֮ǰҲ׼
һ͸оЩԲˡ
ӶǴμӿƾٵģܲܰѺӸ顣
дôǣǹȥ̽̽
һûⷽĴأ
˼ڼԼҺӣ̺˽̴˶û˵ʲôɽ̱˵ĺӾͲһˡ
١˽ӵ
һ١˽Ӻμ˽Ӷһѡ
١˽ӡ
ɽԳ֮⣬µʮȫˢ˻
ѧΪѧúãǱȥˡ
ãһ˸ԡ
μ˽ӵͦȵġ
١δе󣬸һ˽ӣλڿҪҪ
ܶ˶˵١˽ӽ̵úãһѧѧúá
ΪԳɼǶʱ䣬պûԡԳɼˣôһԱȣҵ뷨ƫˡѧá
͵ҲУھߡ
ĸȻᣬȰҩȥ
һ֭ˡ
ĸѾ۽ҩ꣬š
걻۽Բȥˡ
һˮ㻺ʷȹҩ
ĸһҩܾͲôˣҪ˻պЩ˸㻻Եº͵ҩ
꣺

ȥҡ
ڶŰأ˹Ц׼ʦհǺأû뵽ǽյˡ
û취˵ֻʹ
ʱ˼լӣ̫ġ
ĶС
ģҲġ
ϵӲ࣬ûһˣֻ⡣
ڿһÿǸլӣǼҲԶյĲʱ䡣
͵ô˵˽ˣ
Цѽһᣬܲڼϡ
ʱԽϵԽ졣
ʲô
ͱ⣬ЦҾ֪ǼСӵȦˡ
۵Ц
͵׼ʲôʱҵҪæú󶼿Թġ
³һʼɣ⼸հȹҳȥܲյѧ
ɵæվվ̨ϷⱲӽ̵ѧ࣬ҲѵôϢġ
Цû⡣
˵űҵëͷָ˸⻹ʹҵĴ˲ɡ




116.  282-284   ++

˸ԼѰլ֮, Ϳ˼
ֽϱǺˣԭΪˡҵ׵ȵȸϡ
ߺߴߴһ䡰лл
Ǻȹҩ𣿡
ͷ
ͷ룺ûʲô£̫æ, Щżϻ, Ѿȹҩˡ
ЩջȥһЩˮȡ
ֵʱѹӢ, ûˮҲɵġ
˵ŵʹӺԺĻժ, ϴɾˮȡ
һ, Ҳ, ˼ҺúõĻ԰Ӹֱ˲ˡ

ȵҩﻹкҩĳɷ, ߰˴εĶ, ˯һڿԿˡ
ƫֻˡ

¶ʮ硣
СëͷЯ͡ԼһȥǶ
լ, ľҩ֮䣬ر, һĵطЩ
Űüһȥ档
ͱȥ, ýȥˡ
ʹ, æдι۵ļҳСѡ
˽ӵĶλǳ׶ɡ, Ȼ߽׶εҲգֻһʮˡ
Ѿռ
, ÿ·ʱ򣬴úһʱ
ƽʱѧʲôĵط֮ѯʡ
Ҳżʹ
λʿܿ, ϢһȥΧкӵģŹˡ
ǽ¿̽
ν»ȥû, мϳꡣ
ҳףⲻǽ̽𣿡
ЦЦ
ҳףǣ
Цҵλҵʦ֣ʦĶӣڹְʦһںԺʿĶʮ
⻰δ䣬˼ǱҪԼҺ
ЦСⲻ
ѽʿܿͷһͦɵƵģԹΪġƲ¶顱ྶͥ
ֲòϣֱԿġϢ˲ѧ
ש񡣡
͹Ǳû׶
˵ģڶӣȵһԵ˸Ķ
ֲ˼˵һӱоһ
ۻƵĶ飬ʵǿЦ
ҲýԪ⺢˵徭òһȴ裬˿˵ģÿ¿ʱʱ֪޲޾
ǰ컹һ⣬ġ
ɰжĲˣҪΪ˶еģ
˵ô˵ڱһӻˣ
ٺЦǿɲ
Ķܻͦӭ
ؼǵ˵ĵ˾ѣԽԪհģԪĿγ裬µͬѧȻˡ
˵ţֵһ˽
壬ǱߵĲûˡ
ðѽʿͷǽ֮⣬רڳһң˰߲ˡˮȵե֭һ𣬴պǲˡ
Сѹ棬ӡ׶԰سȸСһ
ȻðСˣʱ˵˼䣬ôһʮʮٵģˡ
ھӶԼҵС档
㲻飬Ҳո֡
ȻҲԼҺӵġ
סһƬ˵ǹټңҲ˼ҲǾ٣ôһĸȥˣź游ĸ
һƬ󲿷ֶֺӡ
ڣ游ĸܶû飬й֮١
ǰҲ˽ӣҪô̫УҪôرԶ
ʹ˽һʼơĽˡ

żӵ˸ڣһžͼͷëͷܶʮӣռģЩûλãվһͬС
еİõС͵ȴá
ʱһһõɫĶͷˡ
һӵϡ
ҵģҪ
ġ
ɴҶεĲǳȤ
ôˣ
׼źѾûˡ
廹Ҫϻء
Ӧû˰ɣȥǱƣҪûеĻҵǿԽһġ
ȥˡ
ĵøʲôģ
һǣϲĻȥÿдһƪռţصԼģᵽĸдף˰ҡ
ĵĴԴһӾ̣ʱ֣
ûֱˡ

СëȲƬ̾ͻˣǱ׼õѾûˡ
ڲʱһȥˡ
ҪǾ桮ϬϷɣ
׻˵Ҳ¡

꺰ˡһԷһ¡
ͷСӣСʶģ׼壬һ飬ӣһдһ˱Ȼʣµһ£ÿʮ
ظǰͷĳΪ˸ӹƽ˼дֽںôĸ־͵дĸֵĳ
һӺˡ
ǺӻǼҳ쳤˲ӣҪһչȭš
æǷ֡
Ǳ߸߽׵Ľ¼ѧ
ȥʱѾжʮ˱ˡ
ˣڳʮ
ܱߵھӣ˵ѣеһ㣬һĹ졭
꣺


С˽ӿҵνǰ޹ˡ
ɰģǳ̰ģ൱ɹۡ
Цⶼǰæ⣬ôѧһͷô̵ˣ
ɰԤһ࣬ʮˣ̰ҲʮˣڵÿеĶ
ǳ̰֪࣬ӶΣЩ˻ڵòˣ˵ԼʾһɵøǺһᡣ
ĳ̰࣬ˣ˶ʮˡ
˵ʵ̵ġ
Ϊ˳ǽô飬ԼĶҲǽʿڣȫԲýɰġ
ֻҪ̱ˣԼֻ̳̰ࡣ
ΪҲ
ҪĻɰܶһЩˡ
ôס
͵ʮʽϿأڿʼӦü
ϴСȥǸ¥
ƽʱۼȥǱӦò⡣
˵ҲȥȷʵǸõط
ϲְҫģʵкܶʵѧѧѧ֮⣬о;ȻĻᡣ
ֱӰƸʾ¥һˣӦûġ
СƸ桢ʾ
ֱǣϸϸһƷ⻰û⡣

ȥ¥ϢڼӴ½½ѧ
˵Ҫȥ˽ӶˣڻûʽΣصһöëͷĹΡ
ڻڼҶţǲ͵
Щӳæ˳ȥҰæӲ֪͵µס
⼸վƤ
϶ʧˡ
źصĺȦͰ͵ﲻ̤ʵ
ιϴ˵ˣµ˹
һӽǰ칤ȥҰæ극뺢һæøݣ۵񹷣ɵĵ˯š
ôȥͷ͵ˡ
Ҫ͵͵ȥиצ
Ϳޣ꣬Ҳ㣬һپûˡ
һҭܲܵˡ
һ룬ʵͦǰҴ˰ۣҪڴͷ
²ֵֹأҩҲһ˽⣬Щֲ˼ůѾˣĲҲ̵üʹСˡ
ҲŻСɽҩȥˡ
˲ٵ㡢㡣
ǰźȥʱġ
ҤյСƿӡӣܲóȥܴա
͸ݣֻСһ㣬ֱװʱЩˣôôС
ҩ̫󣬲Ȼô죿
ͿޣҵԸ˯ѡ
һס죬㣬㻹ûȢأ
˵Ȣף˸ˡ
£û˵ﻹʱʱһȥøͳʳ
һһա
͸ӵĲˡ
磬ʵ˵£ܾͲˡ
ľʲôǣҹĸߡ
У
Ѿһһ˸Сӡ
ԣӢţٺһ
Ͷˣ߿мצȥ
ǺһղŻЦš
ûʲôһټצ˵£˵ġ

꼦צֹ˰㣬ټϸƱ߶߶˺ܳʱ䣬һ˯üãڶ컹Сһ˸ġ
ֱ˺ԺſڣŻϱⰲá
һ¾˯ˣζû
Цã
δ䣬Ƽ˵СͯվڰϣЦЦرޣȥһˣ˵ǹ⡣

˵һȥǶ
ݣͼԼԴ˺͹˴˶ڡ
ǺԺλнƼˣҸϰ硣
һȦкĩСϡ
Ҳûϻ۵Ҫǹµ
ԹΪŮ˹ġ
²ͷһɣǾе
ǣϴ˵ںżӸŮ֡
˼ȥôҪ⣬ҪԱһ¡
ڷȨ˼ľС
ϷǾÿС
Ϊƫߵһȶ߿ţŮƽֻҪװϻɳŵġ
˵࣬϶ûС
ǶⱾණ˼á
ãǹҸһǮҪ˰£˼СҲûʲôҴŵģֱ֪޾޲ԡ
ϷҲͬĿ
˵˵ʱľһλŮأ
ҡŻʺڽڣŮȵ鼮Ϊʱѣ칬Ůһ֯廨ҵء
µׯһۡ
ʱҲ˳̣ȫŮӷ׷Ч£Ҳʹ񲻹ǶݶǰҪֻ࣬ŻʺŮˡ
˽¶
˵Դ˴ô
Դһû֣˴˸˵ˡ
ǣԴЦû⣬¹ȻҲûʲô˵ģ¹һɻģҪټҳ˴ģҪˡ
˴˸Ӧһǡ
˵ǽձٱ㽫Ժõ빬УͷͰ˵ڱ֮µ֣עԱ𡣡
ղѪڡ
ǳæлλˡ
˵лʲôӦõģֻͨˣʥǱ׼˲С
Ȼ
ƵģҲǸ
ܹһȫƱĽˡ
꿪ĵػȥЦˣ
֮һɣ
ͣ

ԷʱСһʼצͿеͶˡ
㲻
̾Ϣû취ҷֿ˷ɡ
Сеö̧ͷҲֻͦ˹ĵġ
˵ţͼ񺼺־˽ˣͯϤλý˸ڿˡ
񺼵رޣʲôأ
Ĺͷ³ûʲô£˵ǹǱũ鶨ˣȥˡ
񺼻Ȼô˵ӵҲȥˣ
תԴת˹ȥ
˫һۣЦû˼ǾӦõģæôЩӣûйҲпͰɣִˮĶοء
ûؿ
񺼹Ȼŵǵģҳô󣬻ͷһ˵ԺͷŮ˵ֵġ
˵Ŷ־˵𣿡
־Щ굹ûУʱʱС
˵ٵһһλŻʺһλŮ
־ôһ˵ĸλ׷
˸ûȤĺⶼˡ

˽ӺҪʽΡ
Ҷëͷ⼸ѾǿʼϿˡ
úڳϻ˱ֱȥ˽ӡ
Ƕ࣬ͨԵҲû١
ɰ࿪ࡢа࣬䲻ʮĺӡ
ٵҲְ꣬ѧϰĳ̶ϸһ£Ϊһɶ
һͻСЩѧ־ǧ֮ġ
ɶľ⼸ӣϿΡ
˽дҵˣʲôģҲȫˡ
ְġ
ˢ⡢Ϊ
ԭʮˣʮˡ
˽ʱƸʯڶŰֵд֡
ΪСдò̫ãʱʻЩƮʯһд˸֣ᡣ
㽫棬Сشˣֶӵдò̫С
ԼдþͲ̫С
ϱӵʱֻԵģõı
ɵЩͿʼë֣һһʱСǱȣԵƾͳˡ
ˣԸоɲô
ԣֵܵ˵ϺãֻҪڼϰ϶ǿ
֪⻹ûأͱʯˡ
Ƽһͷÿһ
ʯСУѧãⲢǿϰԭ򡣡
˿ܴģʯ֪ǱߵΣձʵƶ̫ȷ
ϲģ˱Ͼд˶ˣҪҲһʱᡣ
ԣʯϣȥü˻Լдֵʱ򣬰̬ˡ
걻ʯǾѧðز
üһһʮĴһʮǰԳѧʵЩ̼ܲ
Ĭһʯģһͷһ˶ǣˣƽʱҲæעЩϾǸĸҲߣƽʱҲЩæ˲ʲôĵطǧҵӡ




117.  285-287   +

ʯ˵, ͼ˽ˡ
ѾˣЦٶȿɹġ
Ǿûȥ
ٷڳϷء
˸˵˸ޣͽԽϲ, ˵׶ӶΪ
˵ʯ˸ź, ȥ˵һ, 㽫ͺ꺰˺Ժ
һʽ, ֪׼ʲô, Сſ, ĸĺӸ
˵˵ʹѾѳǡ
￩һ, ʶıϿ˿
סĸ첲, ʦִ˵ģ
ڹŶͬһϣȻм仹ӼһЩСţԱ߸պһֱͦĺ, ŹæΪ빤򽻵, ǵ׵ġ
Ǿ͸, ͷ⽻㷢, ټʱʱܱ߹ЩСĥ, µ˴ڸмͣһϲš
֮Ĺϵһֱͦõ, ƽʱû»ܻͨޡ
˭֪ͻȻյѳǱߵϢ
˵ǶʹѾѳǣҪʥ
ѳ̫Զ, һʹס֤ͨȥѳǱߵؽŽ
Ҳκ, һΪ˰ȫǾҲûë
µҲڿʱյϢѾͽȥˡ
ֲǶû˵
ǵɪͿʼ԰ԼϢͨˡ
˵Ҳմǽԭ򣬷˭뵽ʱҪʥ
ʦֿ֪ʲô
ҡͷȻܽӴġ
ʱָء
꣺
˿Цˣȥ걱ʱ˵֣Ĺ󣬿ɶǱǹû˼˵Ҳ˵ùȥ
Ϊ·ݵʱ֣ȥ
һϢȥһ£ǱʱʱǺϡ
΢ᣬܴҲôࡣ
ոµǵʱǵһλʦֻ֣ΪнʿʹЩʱûԺֱı˸ŵţ˰˾ˣҲֻǸƷ
ʱ̹ţʵ˶١
ǰЩӻŶݷùϣնΪͽⲻεʮӵоҵġ
һ仰û˵һߵأȫϡ
걻ѹˡ
עڶΪʲôʱϡ
߶߶һᣬ˱ɢˡ

˽˵³һʽΣ̰ı¼ȡʮˣѾϿˡ
⼸ûҽһʱĿΡ
æӣ뺢һȥ
ĵøղʯ˵ʲôأ
Цŵһǣ˵˵ļãдò̫ÿ
ղʯһ˵Ҳеˡ
ƽʱڼҶ̼ͷдֵģΪëҪĥīʱҲôѧģ֪ϰߣƽʱڼﲻд֣ҪôںڰҪô̼ͷдëϸ֣Щëͳˡ
ԣ⻹治ֺܹӡ
ϸϸһ˵
Ժÿոʯдֵƻϰ߸Ĺ
۱īﲻǮ
뻹رź˵ǲ֪øдòãԵʱ򣬳ɼǺϺµġ
ҪϲôעֵĿ٣ɼͺôһҪǡ
û˵꣬۵һˡ
Ͳװû
Ҿˣ
⻰಻ȥˡ
ӵˣģԺÿҺλʱͶ֡
ûдرá
ǼҴҪԡ
ͺñԭǼãǴãѧϰҲ͵͵ģƽʱûʱ䡣
ҲôټֲǴĹˡ
˵ѧ黭ֱϾһһϦ¡
ôһһڹĹǰ̫¶ˡ

˸յڣͼҵͣǶ
Ͷһۣ͸һ³һ̵ܻȥˡ
ϲĵܵÿ졣
ƽʱ˵˾һ䣬Ҹͷ
ôϻһȥϴ軻ѣѷСٰѽѧݣʦֱ¶
ӺһȳԷ𣿡
ǿˣе񱡣
Լͷͷһ¾ϴ軻ѣ극˶һᣬ˯ǰټϴ裬ʵʱȻϴһΡ
Դ˽˾һҲϴ顣
ջã˶ͷƤ顣
ʱô˵ģ˵ʲôʲôôżѽҵĻˣ
ˡ
һȥϴȥˡ
ĸ׼ˣˮھţʱá
һĺСˣֲϴ죬ȥ鷿
С꣬ôôҶˡ

꿴һͣЦ㻹ʦ˵š
С˵ˣһһͷʼ
ڰ֣ʾԱˡ
СҲǴǶõϢ
ʹˡ
˵˵ò࣬õϢܸȫһ㡣
˵ǶѱϳȥˣԪˣΪ¶ֱӰˣԸ
Ǳ߶أȻġ
ұӦԺÿϹǧͷ򣬰ƥ
ιһ𽫱óĵ̽򣬿żСó׵ȵȡ
ǶּΨһһΣõϢԼе㾪ס
ǶԴΪթ
ðզ࣬ѽΪ˽ӶӻؼңΪöӰģȻҪһ
˵óĵ̣һڶһ
һ˫޿ɺǡ
ʵϣϢκһ˶֪أ
͵Ϣɿ𣿡
ʮа˾š
С㲻֪֮ǰҵѾеȥˡ
˵ģͶ϶ռһ˿ˣЩûҲΪڱϻ
ȥ֣
æǣס˱һԱŽһ˱һĵ̡
񱱲ѲΪ壬ʰҲ׾١
Ҫǣʥһ˵ģ֣򷢵ԶԶģһЩҪְһЩϵ
ЩΪֹ˳ڳģͬҲ֣ġ
ʱ򣬶֣·;̫ԶԶˮⲻ˽ôǲڻ¡
ڶͻȻ
˵թϴεĲһǲӦʱ򶫾нɱôˡ
Լ··
ԣҪ֣ؾ
²һʥϻǶ˹ȥӰԲȥˡ
Ҳֹֻ֣һ佫
ҡ¼Ҷǣɳ¼үһˣүˤȡ
һõóֵѾûˣϴζүΪ˵һ˵Ĳǣߣ˹ְ
¼Ƿڣ
󽫾һֱ룬һʱػز˵ǱߵҲݡ
ǰһŶ鿼
ĵҲ⣬Сľһ֪ȫ⻼
ˡи
Сѽҵֺҽμӻˡ
ĬȻ
͵֮⣬ʲôϢ𣿡
СҡͷһʹѾѾŵ˯žˣбģҪȥ¥ˡ
ϴβ£ߵĶˡ
СǱܹˣҪȻҲʶˡ
Сѽ߶߲ˣҪȥԵɶɣ
ԴҸоצҲȲҡ

ϴ˸軻ѣһȥмצȥˡ
Сϵζ̲ס²۵һˣôôɾ
޲ʮ첻ϴ衣
ͿҲǿпޣ˭꣬ҪǺȶ˰ҹԼûϴǲ˯ҲðԼˢϴһ顣
ǲһһһ
Сˣ˼ҵǸ˽ӻûŪôȥ
ƸԱڡ
С
ʲô
һ£úʱȥܸΡ
һ˽ӵľ
ھʿʲôɽʿ˽ӴܿεĲûж٣֮о˽һЩ
СǮ𣿡
ѽǼǱϿβýѧѡ
СѪ

СڶգҲҪȥ֡
ûȥˡ
ҲȥҺιʣ˼ȥȻ֪ԷסĶ
ʱҪСһȥǵһμǼҲ¥ʰɡ
һĴܹܣôĿŵĳڹԺſڡ
ڲ¥Ȳ졣
ܸоǼҲ¥е⡣
ڹߵ˲ûУֻôҲû뵽ֱ˺Ժſڡ
͵ղҪȥ𣿡
û£ҺȥС
лЦôе㺦¡
һ£꣬Ҳ¡
鷿۵ĶĶã²ΪѺãһ֮ⲻھơ
ûɶС
һǽ͵ͨιǾ䣬۵Ŀѡ
Ƕһٽ£ôһֻһɳ졣
ЩС顣
ڲãͼλ֮󣬱ضõкô
Ҳһ£ʦ֣Ҽǵǰˡ
Դ׵֮˾ͱˡ
ָһȭûĵģ⻹Ϊ㡣
ЦЦûӻ
ȴĪºҪ֮ˣ֪ԼǶĻӣĻֵõƸУ׵һ˲䣬һ֮ˣЩǻкθʣ
Ͳǵˡ
ʵϸ緢塣

ڶȥãԭĸһߵģκνˡ
ĸֻðǰõϣָ´˵㶫ȥʲôʱ
һȥһˡ
걾ţԸͦģƨǶ޴Ĵӣͷ˳ʳôһȥ˲ͱֵˣ
Ӱӱɻɡ
ĬĬһᣬȥá
£һһգ⼸ոǳȡ
ߵ磬һ·϶ĵطߣɵãǱɹú䤱ͨ졣
մӺͷɽϸСӸݻС￴ɤӴ磬ˡ
Ц˰ɣ
Сͷһ˫۾ȴϵת
Ц˵ͷ벻
ͷ
ȰѶͽȥһǣţŶһòá
˻һٱܻá
ղ˵ĽкС˳һˣȥкһƬ̾ʹӿ˳
ЦҴк
СôһˣСôû
Ǹرĸأ
ر˵أ
ԼǸƯС㡣
֮ǵһû¡
ǣߣһһ
ſ˼ˣ԰ϵĶȡɿԸȥյϳԲȥˡ
Сһϲ磬Ӳ𣿡
СİɣƥһǺԵġ
һڣȤСһ˹һһΧС
ЩĸĹҷˣµĶŽ˳ʹӡ
´˿Ҳڳһ˱һ䡣
Ǽȥ˽ˣʦֽ£ֻԼˡ
꽫źãĸĻ
µһȥģֻƥҾٵհɣСʱһ¡
ǹһƥͺˣƢأ
£

ò˶緹
СһΧ
˵һôŶӣÿ˿һȦ
õʵ̫࣬һĴһСġ
Сǻһ
ʱͼǣվǣ
һɵۡ
¼ЦŴк
Ҳһվſƴ̲סпʩƢãұͲͷˡ
˵͸ˣһ˵ƢǺѸıġ
µȷʵƢá
ÿαúģûһ
ӣʺϴӡ
һᣬѾȵͷðˣ߹ȥˣԽԽȣǾһҲ٣ظϢϢҲϢϢ
СǶر£˵ûЩźɿҲɵӦһžȥˡ
꽫ɿȥϴ˰Ҳһ˻ᾭ
һŤͷҲڽϷ飬дʡ
νС㿪ʼ˾ְ
Щȥ廨ЩȥݡˮеرСģųĽǰæժˡϴˣֿʼæµ緹
ʱ˵仰

еʱŵһƵ̼ҾƲŰڳȥû죬;͸ˡ
ǣǰݵһȥˡ
ǧֻһ仰ͣŸˡ
ԼӶŵ꣬ôõ÷Ҳܱ˸ˡ
˵̲סˣ˵ʶôˣôҵΪˣ
졣
Ȼˣôպûȥסա
˳ҼӣϴιһͼѾùǿʼˡ
岻ãְֵĽ̡
˶࣬˼Щպõ֮⣬µСҪôӣҪôЩС
һ£ЩöôãԼƽʱЩ֮⣬һЩ鴮ϴ껹˵ˣԽӴɻڼÿ
ЩǰҲ뵱ֻûڣ˵Ȼòôʵá
Ͼ׬ǮͷûУǾö⡣
ʱЩ֮⣬ۡ֬ȵȣЩǲֲ̫֪
ﵹӻ˫һĻġ
ϴθİЧͿԣŮͣ˵ǳʧߣǰվԷһСƿչ뾲˵һرã⼸˯öر
ⲻԼ֮⣬ܸƽʱúõϽá
ϵİѾˣⲻͷļСæɹء




118.  288-290   ++צ

ôʱ뿪
Ÿ߸׳׳, ﻹͣ׽µصö𣿡
֪Ǹͷˣ, ӡеҪһЩ
û, Ӿ綼ôݵ𣿡
µʱһҭ
ͦŤ, ˹һ, ٳǷɳ, , 治ֱӡ
˦˦ͷ, Ҫ, ͸ղС
ǺүҪҲ̫ˡ
湻Ҫѽ
ģ, ǣˣǮ
ʵҲͦŤ, ĬһҪ, ȱȥ, С
Ťͷ˿վſ۰Ͱ͸еС, һҧ˾˰ɣ
˵ץŽҪ
֪ƽʱƢܺõ, ͻȻ˻һ̧㣬ŵһ, ûȥ
æһץס£, Լˣ
˵ץססһַֻ
¿֣Ӳˡ
ŤͷСǳӻ֡
ٻعһҧץסβȥ˵̫Ҳû
ǰһЩȥ˰
£

궼֪Լһ·ôġ
ƽʱͦݵģҲпΪߡǼܴˣֹͦܣֱץҲرᡣ
Ҫǣһ뵽ԼﱧŸүе΢
&gt;_&lt;
һ·ͦµģûʲô۶ӡ
ȥʱɹͨ죬Ѷʪ͸ˡ
ۿҩµͣһ¡
ʹվͣ·ߡ
µȥ
꣺
ҲΡ
ҲȥҪԼȥ
һ·ˣ˼ſ˷ǵ÷ֿߡ
һ·̫ˣһСү壬һֱмճ룬۵øƵġ
һ·ߣϻȥúݸ衣
һҧУȥȥ
Ȼδ䣬ͼС¼ųͷʻ˹ЦŴк˻ˡ
껹δڣӱƿġϲģˢˢ̽ͷ
ӿ£ϲغһùãҲˣ
ڵһ¾
ʱϲŮԼᣬҳк
»ڲ
ΪʲôܵС

ܺõ㣬ķôȣһ·ܵأҪɣ
˵žҪ
ô˫۾ţҲþִܾϣһԾ
ַų˿Ĩ˰Ѻ

һˡ
ˣС˵һٴ˼ҡ
һŶ˵ȥϴȥˡ
Ӿͼ鷿ǶͰ͵ſԴ
Сٺٵ˵ʲôţͷһ£϶ȥϴ衣
⣬Ͼ̫ˡ
͸׼ͼһֵӰԱߴ˳
ƹֻƵģһӾʹܵǰشˣˡ
꣺

ƹ߸ġ
ϴµõĻ壬ȥˡ
ʱҪӡ
εʱɲȵ׼ѽ
ƹⲻΪǻ̫ܻӭ֪ʱʣʲôʱѽΪǱͶӣ޲ھͰѵųȥ
ߺ
һ÷һ̾˿ŵĲ˶ˣ
ǵãϴθ˵ǧỹǶ٣
ƹⲻհ·ݵͳһǧٲᣬ¸µġ嶼⡣
øࡣ
֪
뵽ˣƹڵóӶˡ
ϴαܾǣǱߵիһᣬ˵ԷҪԵŮԣɶҲЩص
͵»Щ΢΢»
Ҳ˲ͬı˼¡
߸壬û뵽ˣɰƹòᡣ
Ҫܹȥģ˭֪˵˾
ˡ
ƹشˣںԺӦò̫æɣǻЩԺȡһ³һô³ᡣ
ۡ
껹ûڣȸˣƹʲôͬ𣿡
ƹ治ΪǣҸùѪͷ
ʲôˣǮҲҪģ򷢵ȥˣ˵һᣬһµʱ䣬Ǿ˽ǧᡣ
ǧָǵ
ǼѾлĵĲɼֻò
ƹ֪Լˣ۹⿴˵ġ
ι˴߻֮⣬Ҫѷߡ
ѻõĸӵݸһᣬԼϻʣᣬôɼѾʼʮˡ
»ϵմսһ֡
ٻᣬսɻ½ϾͿˣҲ֪֮ܲǧᡣ
Ҳ̫ˣ

ƹŶˡ
Цͷ˼Լ飬ǹˡ
Сľ㲻ġ
ҸңŲһ¡
ţͼĺϲŤŤػΡ
ɡ
ﶼһݾӣǽ˷⣬ʯǴøơ
ӹɨһ顣
ϸһͷıעƽؽԾ
Ѷʱʱ£Ǽ
Ӷ鵽Ҳˣ˵³Щ磬ȷʵʱʱݾˡ
һŵݸ͡
˿ֽһ£һΪĵҪһЩ
ϲģС治硣
˺δϼҵһ·̶һ𣬿϶ǿˣˣ¾ƽӦɾ͹ˡ
ʱҪļ飬Ҳ߰˰ˡ
꣬ǳһЩʮһ꣬³ˡ
СҲչƣϼҵȷʵѶȲ󡣡
ҪѶȴˣʯд𣿡
ⲻŴӵѧϰȤ
Сͷ
ӵԾҲдڵ⣬̫˵㡣
úѧʯǸأЩȫûġ
ͷ

ӣǳȥ԰ɣ˵ط¥µĲԣرʺճԡ
һط¥˶̫ˡ
˵ҪҪطǺѽǸպȥԸʡ

˽һ죬ȥҲء
һ棬ܷ񿴵أ˳һô
˻ط¥һ³ͼŹվſڣǹЦһһյӭ
Ϳ첽ǰһһſڵϡ
֪лҪ˵Сȥˡ
ô£
׬ǮҲżɡ
˵
ǰ˵ȫǼٵģ
ط¥ûķݣǣ

ĶˣС˶֪˵СƲأ˶ˣ˵仰Ҳţһ¥
صĻ˽̲ס˵ʵط¥ǲǸ˺ϻģ
ʵҲһơ
ۿһ죬ͷʵôƳģ
굹˿
Ҳ˵شͷβûһ滰
ϴ˵լӣʵԼĻֲһ˰ؼңԺȫÿԼˡ
Ųòھͳ׬Ǯҡ
ԽԽܣһᷢԼҲʹƱͳʮţǮ֧࣬һʱ䣬ʱȱˣٳҲеģ׬ǮҲһʱǡ
ʮǲ࣬ʡЩԼµ߶ˡ
ֻҪڼﾭ£ȿ϶ͺˡ
뻹᲻ãصĿ
ļ磬˸ӵݸᣬƼˣһƹ˵һݹ˰ɣû֮ǰһ
ؿ޵øˡ
ǿ̫󣬾ſڵС
Сضƹû°ɣ
һ껹ʲô׵ģҲҵĶƹ
һҾ¥ƹһ굽ֵҲʮ
˵ƹˣõֵĸ٣ƽʱɵûࡣ
ǰС٣ƽǱıСǣ˵Ҳһġ
һգ۾䵽ء
̬ȴãֹû졣
СһصĿҲֹסˣĨ˰꣬ţͷٻ㡣
Ȱã˵

СһԷġ
Сˣ˵һ⹤ˣؼٳ¥
Ѿˣкü̶ڵġ
ƺɫɫıҶرʳ
ô
ͷ
÷˵ͷˮڸرḻ
òģʱСһݡ
ȥʱºĸżԺС
кһƷˡˣܹ۰Ͱ͵صǷֳʳ
ĸһ÷ζá
ϸϸƷڵǷ۷ɣʱԼ÷ˣҲŵһӦûóԡ
͵ʲôʱ÷
ĸЦƳһۣϴ밢һģҲ֪æʲôģҿаڡ
εЦЦ
ºˣջĲѲչ˵Ŀɺˡ
Цҵȥơ
˵ŷеĲһȥ˺Ժ
ֵĲƷֶ࣬ÿֲ˵ֲ࣬Ϊչ˵ĺãرϲˣЩѾʼˣٹʮ²ժˡ
µõģݮ֣ûɹӡ

룬ݮǴô͹ˡ
߶˼˵£Сҽռҵˡ
¿ܻ֪ر˴˵£㽫¸һ顣
µǼ˼
ӻϻզģ
æҡͷûУûУܰһһ㣬Ҳ֪ҵɲģſͰ͵ģܾطԣҪС°æô¡
»˵ʲô¡
С²϶Ͳˡ
ɲҵˣ֣ˡ
аɣɲ
룬ԼҲͦɲġ
һ߿СһߵҸһ϶Ȼİõȥ£
ҡͷҾʣԲԡ
үʶ㣬ϾǷһ壬ͷҲ룬ǮҵģҵǮġ
ºߣܱдү
ŹֱŤġ
Ǹ϶˼Ȼôأû
˫ˣСȥˡ
µͷ˵߾ߣ˸˻С㣬βĽòһô
֪Ҫʲô
´ܲµ㡣
һϣѾûеƣͿ԰ݷݵˡ
ڶϣػеƣҲܰĵĹԼСӡ
صĽ߶г룬ڵߵķأ
ʵʲô裬ʲô뷨״ֻ֪˲֪ôӦԡ
΢΢һ㶡
ɵСӸǰƽʱȫһˡ
εⲻҲǳһǷһ𣿡
˿ӶˣټһֱڶֱӵҲܴЩ
ǰ򲻻²ػʵԡ
ڣô£ûЩԸΪ꣬߳յˣҲǵ걻ĸСˡ
ǣȥɡ
ˣûӣһʦһӣĳʳʦȵǮ
˺ڡ
˵Ӻʹˣһת۾ԭα¶ˡ
ûǮ㲻᲻
ղһѵĳʳֻһ÷¾;ÿתһ˺Ժȥˮȥˡ

Сʱȥء
СӦһ
һ鶼ûѰûʲôˣܻ鷿հͼ˽
ʦֽռι𣿡
͵ͷ
ι֪ڽȥһԤʳҲ֪Ķ֪һȺ˶ϲмצⱸһ޹ǵģһġ
ô֪ĲȤ
˺ι֣ķϣϢԴ϶ֿ׼
Щײڣʲô¶һ֪ġ
ǣʦֳ𣿡
͵һۡ
ڨڨҾ֪ϲͬι
ˣôѾĵԼˣûԷ֮
̾˿ô˵أ
Щӣ˺ܶ࣬˳֮һžۡ
Ҳ˳
Ȼϣһ˳
ûԣι̬ȿУˣ㲻ƴǳһڡ
ͳͺˡ
ôôѽ
޲õ³
ҺιĿģʶ˵ҪǼ٣
ιȻģӣΪСžۣɷѿģСӸӶһƬ⡣
͵ȻСӣҲ˵ʵ
ιۡ
һǲŭģȻֵƣȻû˼Ҳֻһ
ȻһܳɹôĶ黰
ɹôк¡
ںʲôҲܸͣΪǶе£Ƕ϶˷һ϶ܳɹ
СĸžۣҲ⼸֮ڵ¡
͵һ˫Ѻڣ
ιȻ֪壬ȻҪȫ׵ķӡ
⻰м棿
ҡͷֻǰ䡣
һ
б
ԣؼңֻһ·ߡ
֮ƣϾñط֣־ñغϡ
ǵõʱʱʲôٽʵʡݹʷ˿ʦҲԼ̫ѹͷȻֱŴҶϣƣοһžǺ£ϲȻñ򡣡
ˣ껹˼ţͳһҲδǺ¡
˵֮žۡ
˵˫϶ΪһǾ»Ǿǿ϶Ƿĳɳ
Ҫ
Ҫƽ̸У˵̫ӻܴӦ




119.  291-293   ʫ+γ

͵ôһԱȡ
귢, ؼֱǸʵ̫ʡʡˡ
žۣһŪǵøʬҰ
͵Ҿ, Ҷͺˡ
ָҲû뵽, ߵһ
˸, ȴǰʯͷԼĽš
ӦҲǸ˵İ, ֤ԼҺгϢ
ЦŴһ, ôܰһ, ˵Ц
˵, Ѳɻ޲ǣ
Ҫ, ӿ϶ǧĻţЩպðɣõĵ
ʱҵľ𲻳ˡ
ĻҲһóɣʱһ˺ȥѽ
鷿һ, Ҳû۳Ȼ
£ǾԲõ֪
, ϸ㵱һϵͰ, ûɡ
նܼ, ʱһʽԪء
ͣ
˲ϵС

ǳʱ, ˯ڶˡ
緹û, һϳͼ˯
ŵ˯ذĽĲˡ
˰㶼ûʲôãôȥֹͷͺһͷ׷
, 󵽵ġ
ڽϷ嶼ȥϳˣЩƷײġ
̧ۿȥȺΧһ, ʲô
һȦڽƼС˼ˣ߹ȥһ֪۶ʹ¡
С˹ԱŲŲóλ
ȴûͣŶеĿġ
С˵һھݵ䣬˵øƵġ
ʵһһֲ²⣬ôĺôʲôǡ
Ϳٶһۡ
͵Լã
Сٺ⻹˵𣿶ʲôˣܴ໽еĴڡ
˵ˡ
ʱ򣬱ƬưԵĴڡ
ÿ꾰øǮɱһ˻ô
Ȼȴһ˱Ρ
һμʮǰֱӰѱϻϼңһֽϵ˲ԭ
ɼľжǿ
Ҳһ㣬˵ǿǾȴ
ţũϵļǺ
꣺
أƱ߶߶һѣͳˡ
СǱСũһ飬ǵļѧȥԼҲȥʱ򶫾ˣټϾ룿
ʱʲô£
˼ҼǮ㲻Ƿַӵº
һоͺñȣϻֻӣЩһˡ
ߡ
֪ǰһ˵ûᵽȥ

Ϸ嶼ڣ³Ҳûʲô¡
Ⱥۣ˺֪˶۵һ𣬷һ
һȺ˸㼺۵Ȼ졣
Ҳ֡
֪˶ãԴ·Լ۵־Ȼֹ
СȻأ
־ûڣǴԴ˵˵ò
־ֻӲͷƤԼԴµĿꡣ
Դˡˡ˴λҲһᡣ
Ҹ˵Ķ˵ˣŵֻںԺ飬ȥǿɰʵˡ
飬һ˵һ䡣
ǾĲʱֵþĻлС
ǿɵóԲ˶ߡ
ףСĸҳˡ
˵˴£ŵũѾһ䣬ǻҪһ־
˵־񺼡˸Ҿϣֵ㼸˰ܱСϸһ¡
ԺͳҲôЩˣͷβû͵֡
һ¹δأ
һԵ͸ǽŵȭͷݸòǱ˰ɣ
껰һ䣬ֱؿˡ
Цԣ¹ɽʫĻѾ½½˾
ǰҲӺԺ˹ȥæһ塣
˾ֱӵꡣ
ԭܼ򵥣ԼĻ¹ɽʫΡ
Ҫǣκһɣʱܴƫ̻һ˵ˡ
ȥȻٺòȥˡ
ͣ͸ְɡ
˵Ĺϵ϶ܺĬġ
룬ҿллգöĻӸ֡
͵˿ߺС꣬˵Գ͢ٵȥ󻭾ɵЩ˻ô룿
һ㣬ʱ˫һŶ
ݱ仯̫ͻȻЩӦɫÿɡ
ѩ޵ʱˡ
˵Ż˴֡
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Сֹ˵ûͦģǵãҸƲˡ
ô˵ԼʹҲǵĻԵ
С
㻹ǱɼˣٻȥҪسˡ

Цϲ
ʲôϲѽ
ԨԴǶأʱ̫ξͳɡ
˵¹ɽʫһɹȥ˶ǺԺˡ
ЩԾԾԵģǰ컹˽˵¹ɽʫҪʼﱸˡ
лԼһ¡
֪˽ֱӵ͡
һӾˡ
ֵû
ˣ
ʵû˺Ժ˹ȥ֮⣬Ҷأʥϸǰĺˣ¹ɽʫЩ궼ֵġ
͢ٷ·һˣһҶˡ
ԣܱŵ¹ɽʫȥ֪Ľ˶ˡ
Ȼ
СΪ£ǽøһס
æղУ˽ʽΣʦһùȥˡ
Сһۣ㻹費ɣ
̧ͷͦأô˵ǿǲϿΣҲùȥɡ
С̾ϢҾ֪ǰƲˡ
æ˵ûУҪȥף

껹ûʲô£Ҫȥ˽Ӵո֣ϻû緹ʱ䣬ҶǱ߾˹ˣ˼ʮ
˶Ҷ߶ġ
һջƣҶ˲࣬һλҶ˵ǹ¶Ը֪Ҷ֮Ҷա
ǰѻᵽĶ¥ϡ
Ҳһȥˣ֪¥Ǵͨģʮƽף滹ЩÿʫǰĻ
һ۾ƼԼĻ͵͵͵ʦ֣ҵĻ
ͻͷһμϸһȻǼ֮ԳȴƺҵĻЩ
̫£˵ǾһϰٷĻһر
䲻ڶôϸ»ܽ۾ץס
걻յɵЦȿ˵Ļɡ

ǰ˵ʲôɡɡ÷ɵġ
ϸһƣ̲סˡ
ǰΪ͵Ҳǲ֪ܲ׬Ǯһ͵޼ӵĻȷɵĻ硣
ɺͽƫˡ
ϸ˵ɵĻҪɫһЩ
ĻմȾִķ졢Ȥĸоȱ˳ȡʹɣһҲһƳ
࣬ͷһνĻһͣһԱ˵ǧϸɵĻȡ
ϻƺҶȽǽϵĻһһ
Ҳһæ
ĸһ𣬽ǽϵİƷСȡȫʱŵϣҲ˲һʱ
ٽƷһһҺãҶĻһһԱȣֻһһ
Щ꣬Ѿ°ʱ䡣
Ϳͷ͡
֣дп߲顢Щͨ壬һƳ
Էǿݣӡõ׭壬رķѾ
ͷвģֵģ껨ᣬ͸оԼɵˡ
߻ãĻύϻơ
ԷЩĿǰһ֣ǴǶϰٷ˵Щٽ͹ԣɻ˹λһ
壬֪ɺҪ˭ɶЩԨԴ
Ӧܴʦʦʦ͡÷Ŀǰھֻ÷ү÷ү
ЦˣǰҲʶһܴʦʦ֪ǲͬһˡ
˵Ż˵òһ¡
ϻЦҲλƵϴʦģ»ʶˡ
ִһʦ
ôһʣоǰһֱҪɵүӦþһˡ
ͻȻеڴյļˡ

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ЦҲŲСǼˡ
һ
һԵһͷ¶ˮ
ͼһ£ɺɵԨԴ
øпѣʲôĪ
ˮת
һ·˵˵ЦЦܿ͵˽ӡ
ˣ˽ǰͣ˲ٵ
мƳ˵ݲ򵥡
ˣҼǵյѧ֪֪׵ģû˼ҡ
͵᲻ǽղģ
䣬ƼСԴ̽˳ǣϲغһ塢塢ˣ
ɣкÿʨӡ
Цô¥ҵƵģʨģ
˵ſ첽ţͼԺͷʨҡͷԵġ
мһŲʷ꣬һϻҡҡλεġ
ϸһƣôⲻĿγ轭Ԫ
ҲƳˣЦô
˵ʶ

ͷҵѧ
컹ûϣԪȻתգգ۾
סĿڣѽѽ̼ܲ
Ԫһ˾Ÿˡ
ͷʨͷˣͷСʨͷһˣټϽԪģԱ߻ĵģԪСֶȫˡ
ʨӵɫΧ۵Сͳҵ
˼ţһȺӽûÿ˿ҵʨӻ׬Ǯ
Ǯ˼ҵĺӾǺá
سʲôľʱа
Ǹ۵ͷ󺹣ЦȴʮֲãǸÿһ÷Ӹǲŵôˣ
Ԫ׵˵˽ӽտҵˡ
ҪϿΣֻ¿κϹˡ
Һ˽ӻûѧ
ʵжһ
ϣԪ׽ŵҲǰģϴξ˵ӮҲӮҾҲȱȡ
ǳ˸ƽ֡
˵ѧʺãɱһϲͨ˽ء
˽Ԫ׵ġ
ӾǶ⻰˵֪ǼһǹΪ֮ҪĹϵ̲סȱȡ
СĽ֮ҵĶǿ
ߣʲôñȵģӮҲá
Ǵʧݡ
οȣҲӮ𣿡
Ԫ׵ԣҲҪȱȡ
εûʲôñȵģӮΣΣ
ӺɷЩëƤСշ϶ѽӺɷ͸ػ£ʲôãҪҲ˭ΪĹ״󡣡
Ԫף
ôֿʼˡ
һԵˣʹ֪һֱûʶսԪ
һԾԾԵġ
ĵøܰɣҲʶʶ
Сȭͷͣ
޻Һ治С
Ԫ׵˲֪մϲӣͲҲˡ
걻ˣҾҪˣҲǸ߸һʲôѽ
˵㳪һ
꣺

겻볪裬Ҳ
˸ϰɣ
˽ǰպһƬյأŲһŲӾȻͦ
Ԫ˾ˣټͣǹӼӵģ˽ǰѧټ˺ˡ
мûܲμϣ۰Ͱ͵ؿǡ
ЩģҪĸȥɣǺ֮档
Ԫ׵˸ۣж󰡣
⼸˵Ͷ󣬵Ҳ꣬˽ѧˣʮıȱȽ֪
⻰һڣеǷˡ
ǹŲӣĲͿûʲôϵؼұݴ󣬹
ǼңֶӵĶӶһЩء
꼤ӿˡ
ǰһʮˣԪ˾Ÿʮˣպ÷ֳӡ
Ԫ׼ҪôСϰ䣬ҪôƽʱˣԱЩֻڼѧҪࡣ
տʼҲպһ¡
һӺҲƽʱһĻܼ
ʱϣ߶߲ˡ
˽߻ȳˣֻ³ȥԱϢ
˵ɲУԺôμӿƾ١
Ժÿѧ߰ʱٻȥӦúܿͿˡ
С϶˿ࡣ
һֱѹԵʤ
Ԫױ˼飬ҪһģһգۼĹ򣬶Է͵һ룬ܶûʲô˼ˡ
ӣԲˡ
˽ӵѧһ۵ͷ󺹴ţ

Ԫû澡ԡ
ʱûʱ䣬ȥɡ
պҪϿΡ
ֱȥֱ
ôôִţ
Ԫ׵ҪұһԺͲˡ
һҧаɣӮʹһ
Ԫشˡ
һŤͷڸѧշѧ֮߰ʱʽѧ
ɰģҲһ
ɰı;Сһһ
ŽյһʽϿΣÿѧ׼С
ߺô˵ҵˣڸѧʱÿϿ֮⣬綼γ̰š
ЩǱ޵ģһΪ˶壬Ϊ⼸Уٻݡ
黭ոǱزٵĿγ̡
ϧ˽̫Сˣû취Щݡ
˵ʵԲרǿһЩóÿѮһοαɡ
⵹ǲ
ϿεĻԽʡ˽ӵĿ֧
ҲΪЩһЩ룬ȫķӡ
֪Ժາ־ԼóĶ
˾óɡ
Լͨա
Ҫ뺲Ժ߽ѧȻʵ
ۻȥϴεĲ¥ƸϢ˵ɣһҲοΣٳûʲô⣬ȥӼΡ




120.  294-296   +û+÷

żӻص, Ѿˡ
ĸͣĵСͰСȥһլ, о, ȽһٵĶ, ܷʱȥ, ҪǿԾͰլӶ, ø۰·
޷, ҾͿݴҾˡ
ʽˡ
һܲ˵լӶ಻ѽ
ĸ˵˵ۿͺ, ͵С, Ҫĸڣ϶رˡ
С۰ôгϢ
ֹ˽ʿȢһټҵС㡣
ȴֱ죬һ仰Ҳ˵
ɫסɵɵ㶵, šһ¡
ͳʹŻعʮʱ, ȥĸưɡ
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ͳӦ, ĻҲ
ĸһ˼ڸȢϱϣԵ鵹û
ͽڽЩۣȻϢȥˡ
ĸȥլӵ, Ҫô޵ȵȡ

ϴã˾ͼվſڵ
ﻹһ裬˸Եһ
лӾССһڡ
µҽҲһլӣƵլòԶʱ˻һ°ࡣ
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ϣȴͦãǻһ򡣡
ԺˣһȲ裬Ҷ磬и顣
˵լӣ˵ʲôʱ¡
Ȼ̧ͷżģҾðլʵҲҪż򡣡
һʱˣʧЩˡ
⻰û˵
ֱü⻰ôеǰԲɵҼǵøʱ㻹ͦżլӵġ
㲻լӣô죿
ҸĸҲɣܲһ˶Сլ
껹ûôȥڶǲͣͻȻ
˫һۣ΢΢һЦ꣬ǲǲ֪Լһëʱϲǡ
꣺
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еɵۣϸһòƸղȷʵûӦĬҪҳȥá
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Сºܿ϶ظӵĻ֮ˡ
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и

ⳡ棬ûôƣүȲ꣺߹ӣûʲô»
εûôҲ֪Դӷֱұһֱڲμӽԣڲеʱ䣬ûü
үǵǣݱϾһˡ
ү˵ͻȻٺһЦǼɵˣ
꣺
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үȻԣҲãҲãԺǻиĺᡣ

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˵ţһԱߵ÷ү˵Բԣ
÷үͷǿԶûԡ

ҿеĻһʱ
Ҷ˲٣űŻϻƺҶ
ͼ˽ţæǰæһử
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á
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죬ôڿӺô
ȻžҶ˵ûϵǰӦû͸ٷʱٺúѡ
˵ʱܹʫչģҲôһ
ν൱ˡ

ҶҲǹҼ棬һỹýʥϡ
˴Ҽ䣬뿪ˡ
֪ϳͻȻ̽ͷСءСΣʱӦûʲô˰ɣҼҰɣҼС캰Ÿô档
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ͷ
÷ү
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÷ɱûҶ¡
Ҷʱɶ˹ء
÷ү÷үʱ÷ɲμˡ
ҶļھҲǺ䶯һʱ˵ּµһֻˡ
Ҷ֮һ
÷ү˵ֻҶļ£󵨵ɫͷ̬ϸµĲ֦٣á
˽Ҷ˽ͼһơ
־ü˹ҵ˽һȻǲپˡ
Ҳͼ³Ժ֮֡
һֱûܴ
˵ģɵĳһ
ţûܴΪʱҶ˵һٽӻˣϾĿǿƾ١
ȻȱǮˣȻٽӻˡ
ҶҲû˵µĻǴĶŪġ
÷үҶļ£ʱҪƯࡣ
ھСЧļţϧҲǶʩЧ򭡣
˫һô˵Ǳļ£ʱһҳȥ϶ˡ
⵹ǸϢ
÷ү
ܸо⺢ˡ




121.  297-299   

ܴʦʦ겻˳ۡ
, үһ˶飬֪һ䵭÷, ڿʼ׽ˡ
һʱ, ˵ɫѿ˼֡
ԭҶǰ˵仰, ֪, Ҷꡣ
ɰ˸øƵġ

Ļһаʮ, ȸݻһϺš
ٽеһɸѡ
귢, ⼸ͷһͲСˡ
ԼĻʱ, û, ˱ɣٺõĻҲë
͸żһĻ̣ȫүܴʦʦ̧, ͷˡ
˳̲סֻܳЩʶ
ʶû, ̧ܵĻԶ, ǵεˡ
Ҳһֱ°ɡ
ҪȻ, Ƥ, ϳ˼һ仰Ҳ
Ц˵ҲԣôŶԼˡ
̧ҲǼ

Ҷ˵, úȥҶҶС
Ҷ˵լʥϴ͵ġ
ھĵضΣڳϻѣӱ㵽Ҷ
ҶСͲˡ
˹, ȥͨ
ȼҶˣȥ䳡ˡ
Ҷ˳ʱܵͷ, £ֹظܣ̲ס紫
µ˹ȥ

ҶվԱ߿һᣬͼƽʱͶʱܶҵǣյǸͽµˡ
Χ׷½أҲǲŲæġ
ܱŻȵذ߽š
ҶСֿĵĻһϵҲŲֲ
ҶֵƼû⻹ǵøÿ棬Ȼôˡ
ϻЦɲǣش˺δӺãһӶûܶ˭һͬʡ
ҶˣȥͻôЩˡ
Ҳǽ꣬λæһửˣԵ˭ѽ
Ҷ˺Ц⻰˵üˡ
ϻƺٺЦǲǣСľλ˺ôѧʶҪӵǶӿиˡ
Ҷ˵˵ɡ
һᣬͼҶˡ
Ҷתȥ鷿

ҶС˴ʱ۵һ
ȥϴ˸裬ɾѣٴγʱҶѾ˺׼˿һԷ
һֱڳϵǵС£æԴԺߵС˵С磬һܷ鷳ȥǼС˵һҸطԵ㶫ǳȥĿܱȽ
СЦ˷İɣƹܼҶѾźˣǰԺвңͱзˣǼܸС¸Լòˡ
˿лл
С˵ǱлЩ˼ˣ˱СĿⶼСķڵ¡
ȥؼʱӲŽ£סһп

Ҷ˳Եǿ
˹ȥʱѾòˣһ㽹ƵƤζƮõǣĳʦһתĸӣһ߽ζȥ
תϵ֬һðһΣһͷľ̿ϡ
꿴øˣһ˺üˮ
СͷҲ¯С϶ϲԡ
ա
СУ
ͷţͼҶǣѾϴɾĶ˹ˡ
һˣҶСɿ֣ĵ˹硢С͸磡
˳
Ҳ˳ߣһѡ
Ҷˣ
ҶСֱƵߣܹȥָ˹㣬~
Ҷ˿ڣҶСЦ硢С͸磬ҵл˵
ֱͦ˱
Ҷһ¶ӵԴЦС˵رġ
ԣĹһ档
ҶȻͬ⣬˵ǳ͢٣˼ҾͨգҲûĵ
ǣ͸С˵ҪÿٱģһΡ
СͲˣϴ˵Ǳǧġ⵹ãЩˣҲôһΣɼô
Ҷ˿˼ڤ˺һһ
öӰΪʦӾͿԹŶˡ
ҶСֿĵشӦˣȲİ¡
겻˼ǣ
ؼǣ˸һ
Ҷ˹Ȼ档

ҶһˣЦŽһ£ҶСֽˣһֱһһš
黭ⷽһֱûС
ǡǰ̹֣ҵĺӻڹӼ黭ΣæǼҺӡ
˵һֱ
Ҷ˼СϲˣⲻʷСӸˡ
ÿֻҪαɣ˵ʱ䡣
ߵû⣬Ҳͬˡ
ҶСһγ̰ţֵʲôʱѽ
ЦǱֺãΣԴȥһط򡣡
ҶС˫һȥѽ
ЦǸܣ
ʣԴһ¡
ʲôϽߵͷѽ
ҶСֹɵظ˰ʦ
׼õ˫ַ
˽ӹһʱɵˡ
˼ҵĺӣϹģҸɰΪϰŶԾˣĿǰͷҲ黨ǣŶƱԱʱ֮ģȻɰ˿̻ڳء
֪࣬ձùģϸɸɾ
Ҷ˽ʾֱ͸С֡
Ūö˼ˡ
Ҷ˵޷˼˼ϷӣǾٺòˡ
꣺
ĿĻǴӡ

߰ʦȻªЩڳ˶Ƽˡ
ԭҶҵ˶˾ͦģڸˡ

ǰ󱳣һֱζţòҶ˵һ䣬ˣҿЩɡ
ĶɵһӦһ
Ҷˣ
꾽ظλϡ
ٴ̧ͷʱʦѾƬˣСѾҲʳ
Ŀˮ˲䷺ֲ˼ȳԣֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿţĬҲҲҲ

߶飬ͻȻ˺Ҳ
󣬶Ǹ˿˹˵˽ҪģôܵҶˣ
Ԫ׶ˡ
۰Ͱ͵صϿΡ
һλ˵ˡ
һ¿ּظϵԺƫѾˣⲻֵ˴ǲҶҰҵ
šɵֵüë
֪ŶҰ¸ˡ
Ԫױ˸ȥ˺͹ҶˣԪվԱߣ˴۵С۵ģЦôˣǣ
Ԫ׼Ҷ˻ˣæҶ壬ġ
Ҷ˵ʲôôżܵͷ󺹣
Ԫһʱ֪οڡ
Ǵк˵һ¡
ҶЦѽ⵹ǲʥҪȥڱɽׯǱ߽ϱǲǸʱٱҲѽ
꣺
Ҫ̡
ǽԪ˫һҲ𣿡
Ҷ˵Ȼܣ
˶ֵϹ򡣡
Ԫ׻һǿ̫ˣлҶ塣
Ҷ˰ڰ֣ϷлţʥƵͷˡ
һͷˮ
Ҷ뽭Ԫ˵ˣͷ˵СغСɵء
ֺֺЦǲǱ߿϶Ҳˡ
ô˵֪ͨⲻ
ҲҲ
û뵽Ҳȥɽׯһʱ䶼е¡
СءСοллҶ˺ˡ
æл

Ԫױģϻ˶ٿԡ
ֵȥɽׯ׼ţĵòˡ
ɽׯѽ
Ԫ׵ϴβȥԳ𣿡
Ǳߣ
ȰɽԳҪԶһЩҪȥɽıɽׯÿʥɽׯ£㵽ʱ䣬ԣҪʥݹȥĻǱأ
˵ˣһȹһգ˼չӼҪżˡ
պָϿΡ
ǰڵϿʵۻšС檣󳼺ƺƵȥϣԼôͷһˡ
һȥǺü¡
ǣʵȥǱߣϳ𣿡
Ԫף

ӽԪûʲôȥ·ϣС¡
Сθ͵ľˡ
ʵģʲôҪȵȲŻ͵ɽׯʥ϶ᡣ
ƽʱһЩëƤС飬һ׸Ǿ͸ˡ
ðզ࣬ҲһĲ˼顣
˵볯ûãʷҲǿģ˵ʲôʥ鰸ϵӶѻɽһôٹţô͸׼ˡ
Сµ»ôʥϵǻǻ˵𡣡

ʥǻʱ򲻹ʮһꡣ
Ҳû꣬ȻʺʱУɵˡ
ȻʺѪûˣСӳر̫û취ȵȥӰ߳Ǻ󹬣ǳ϶Щҡ
ʥһʱҪ̫ТҪ£չ˺ӡ
һӱ㲡ˡ
ȵ۵ʱмõĴ󳼡
ʥϵĸʥϣеӶд׸ĿҪȵʥϹĿ
׸Ԫϣڳߡ
ѹأȻˡ
ҵʱļλ飬ȵһʥġ
ʥϷȨ֮󣬴Ҿְֵأǰ鴦ľ
رһֱˡ
ƶҲªϰū
λôˣȻЩ˼
ټʥϳˣ͢⼸濴ƽ£һͣʵ͸ˡ
ԭȵʥϵϳĵĸңеݺʥַȨ׸Դ׸֮ڵ׸ϵǳ
ʲôģ˾֮˭˲Ҳʥ飬ֻҪǲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ڣҶͶء
Ҷʲôˣ飬Ȩ󣬿أȴʥϻġ
껹֪Ҷ֣á
ҲΪ֣һ仰һֱչˡ
еԺˡ
Ҷһһ֣佫ãģ
Сµ˻ʲô׵𣿡
ҡͷ
ЩϢ͹һʱˡ

˻صѹһ졣
ºĸѾԺĵҶơ
ǰڼҵʱĸ
ؿƶʶɱķ
ڰĸ˸ɱֽŶӦٶˡ
ĸӻæСͰ￴Ƹô
Цⲻ𣿡
ĸôȥҵðűûˡ
ͺЦôš
ǰƣĸȥȻûˡ
Сʤһѡ
һߣڶָˡ
񶼿һ±Ƶվһᣬȥϴȥˡ

ڶգ˺Ժ
ԶԶƼСڳԯһ߳ˮһߵ
С¼ųˣ֣ʾС°ѳͣԱߡ
껹û³СѾ˽
ֵôˣ
Ϣ
һۣڶʹѾˡ
ĿǰѾȥѳǻˡ
ѳǾ뾩˵˵ԶԶһǧ·죬졣
ԣʹŻڱѮ뾰
ڶʥҪȥɽׯˣʥݵģҹϵ߶ء
ǼңѾʼĴ߶񺼸ȥˣʥϸǰ¶¶
ʥʲôʱߣ
⼸ա
Ӧ³ɣ˵Ӽ
šüô˵ʹҪ뾩˻ʥϣ
СӦֱȥɽׯɡ
ˣ

˶ˡ
ҹĵĵĲһϡ
СѵǾͲݣ
¶Ļѽ
˵ʵһֱġ
ȻٶԽԽãѡԸھ
͵ȥҲȥǣһвͷ˼𣿡
˵ȥҪάУпÿǳޣָ˶һȥ
СȻ⻰ǲ١
յϢʱȥԴˡ
ȥģΪɵȻϣܺˡ
֪ϣԴͻȻ˵һεǳţһȡ
֪ԺѾΪǿˡ
ô֣
СͷҪǸȥ˱ɽׯô϶ҪȥԵģֻҪֺã¸ʥºӡ󡣡
ϧҲȥǰ¡

ڳֹһᣬһȥ
Ȼˣ϶¡
񺼼ˣЦźһشˡδˡˣ
һʶؾͶһ¡
ʲôˡ
ȻҲ˵ȥɽׯ¡
СǾǰϲˣҪΪһͷһݳˡ
Цô˵û֮ǰһжδ֪
С죬ûӻˣһȥϰϵˡ
˵һҲȥ˶¥
үʱࡣ
͸հѱī׼ã˱ǰŽˡ
үЦҶ˼ô
ЦãҶͣһ˸
⻰պñŵܴʦʦ
ˮܴʦտˣڼɣ˵ʥҪȥɽׯˣҲȥ֮ǰЩ겻ǡ
÷үǺͷأԻٹ𣿡
ʦҲˡ
Ҳÿش˺δˣλݳˣǾֻˡ
ܴʦشδгĴǲȥôǵʱ仹һЩ




122.  300-302   ɽ+

ûС
ҶѾˡ
, ʱء
һʮʮ
˵ֻǳΪЩʶ̫ǿңû˺û, ֮, ûһ, ˵ڶ, Żᰴ͵ҶǶĿ
ǰһܽʫչ
ʱѡõġߵġ
֮൱鷳

, Աͦг
үżܴʦ̧, ǹȥˡ
, һ, Ҳûȥϸһ㣬ô컹˼糳, 붣и
긧Ҳ̫ˣ
͵Ҷ챻˯ˡ
˵̲סִ˸Ƿ, һ¥, ͼС¥µǡ
Сôô
վ, ؿɵļ, һ뿪
ǲ
հͷʰһ¡
С̲סʰ
ҪҪôţ
Ǽͷѵǰ費ɣ
οһ, ʹǳ͢ðɣ⼸˰˵ʹˡ
ôţǲרҵҺʦ־Ͱæ¼һ, ⵽ʱʲôҲǵһνĻܵðƯƯǡ
СǾǾ󡣡
Ҫǻ񺼺־, Ǽĸ뿪
˵񺼣С̲סˣꡢСͣǲ£θ񺼸㵽û
һüɫӣ֪϶û㵽
̲סͶһۡ
⵽װݵжѽôҶУ
Ѳһֻȥֱӱ˸ռˡ
ͷһסֱġ
С˸ָԣôɪڴȫЦء
ʦֵ𣿡
СٺһЦ
갵˿
ղ°֮ǰ˰ѺԺȥ˳
Լǲȥġ
ȥӵǹ˴ˣֵԴˡ
ΪСĸɵͷһԼҶӸˣڶģֱӸˡ
һ죬һˡ
رĹƽռռ
񺼵ʱʾ˶ˡ
ԴһȾҪȥˣ˵ʱֻһ仰׫˾ӵģˣǱ߲ϵô죿
񺼲ѽҲ˼ڲܱСϡ
˵ֲһ
ˣԺ͸һһܶ˽һ㶼ֻ꣬еļйϵģ궼òˣʲôɹٵĵطȥˡ
˺ܴģʵࡣ
ѡȻҲˣǰûȥˡҲδȥ
ΪʲôΪ˶ûÿ궼û󣬾ȥˡ
ÿ˶ǹƽġ
ԣʦûʲô˼
񺼱µĿۣꡢ͡أ
˭֪ϲꡢСԴ˵ĸɶء
һƢ⻰Ҳ̲סǺһҲǾҴˣҲСˣʲô˵ʲô˵ѵ㲻
ʲôˣһΰ£Լ֪ȥҶ塣
ҪΪܽݳô룬һΪβܣǺԺʱ䲻Ҳ˰ɡ
ͷһһæϡ
Լôģ
ôģ
żãʲô¶ˣ˭ã
ǰݳʱүƢһʥϿɲꡣ
˵ԴҲղ˶ˡ
ǰ涼û˵ͨ죬ˡ

͵˵Ļô֪
Сʱˣе󡣡
ȥϷ壬Ҷ֣Ȼ˸ȥˡ
֮ô֪ĲҪҪԺںԺúû죬͵ÿԼˡ
Ҳסһ꣬Ǽû˵
ôȥϷģǳ񺼺ԺҲûڶˡ
ںԺʮ꣬˼쵼ȥҲ˵ƨ֡

˱߱˵˺Ժš
һ磬˵һ䣬ҶҳԵĿζá
Сˡ
ϳԹ緹ͯȥ֪ͨˣȥ￾⣬ҵĹ߶ϡ
Сȥðʳˡ
ټҪݳĺϢ˵ʲôͬ¡
һصͬʱѾˣԺʲôںˡ
Ҳƺˣֻ¯ӿˡ
˸ӣ˿ڿȣ˽Цôˣʲôϲ²ɣ⺰˵ҪԿ⡣

СЦûѵͲܽԷˣ
ǣһģ֪϶ʲôϲ¡
˵ţǼһš
˻ûǰЦϲѽ˵ĸȫѡˡ
ȥ£
˵ͷЦǽǵúúһһʮǮǵһỹҡ
СһڣСģ
˵һ䲻ʮƽϿˣʮǮðɡ
һ䣬һ䵹Ƕ
ȥϴ軻ѣʱСѾüˣСҵиѾʼµˣʱֻ
ǣ֪˵һ۵Ķôˣʦȥ𣿡
ҡͷȥȥˡ
˵ŵĻֲһҪĹ̡
ʱҪȥ๤
ʦҪȥã
ǰӦܻ
ȥһκӵ̣ӵǹǮɣһرоԼҲںӵȤʱǮѡ˵ʱ㱨ˡ
ڿⷽ鼮չˡ
ʦԺ볣פ
˲˼ûʲô־򣬴СϲЩ
СʱʱѧµԺӣǴͷβֻҪúö飬Ҳ¡
ұЩĸã
ȻǰͻãʦΪûбȥԵţȻûġ
֪˼һ뵱ʦģ
˲

칦磬˵Ȼơ
˵ʥϱ³ҪߵģΪյ˶ʹҪϢڳ˺ü죬ʱˡ
³ʥʽ
ͼ˸Դˣ쵼˵ø͸
·죬ڵĿĵء
Ϊ·಻㣬Ӳ˼ûϴӣо˶ˣɽׯĵһ£ǰԼϴɾ
ϴöʱˣ
Щĵ˺üţÿεõĻӦǾ䣬ϾͺãϾͺá
СϴãһˣƵس
С̲ס²۵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һֻȶܳꡣ
ѽ£ѾûϴˣƽʱڼҲһӰɣʱҲˡ
СѪô㣬һ겻ϴ裬ǲǵ
һ졣
С
ɹˡ

֮ǰԴ뼸˵ˡ
ԺһǼˣŰĻÿȥ¡칬ʱǰ಻١
Ҳ񺼲ϧҲҪԭˡ
ǰһ²ܽһΣһΣҲϿһ仰㣬Ҳһ񶼲㡣
عȵĻᣬ˭ӵѽ
ֻҪʥ˵ϻˣԺ󻹳ʲôٷơ
ԴԼǲȥģԣֻ⼸ࡣ
ץģҪǰŰɣ
ˡ
ǻµ׽ɽԣʱ㣬ܻΪʱϵȥֵһΡ
Ҫĩ͵͵
ʱ䣬ȥֵ֮⣬ûʲôġ
ιʱѾźˡ
϶飬续ᡣ
ϣγܰꡣ

̴žֱ졣
Դ˵ҲУǾͰְɣСĶֵһЩ
꣺
ǰԼӽȥˡ
꾫ϸ㣬ԼһĹʣٸɻûɣ˸ɻһ
С֪ʵ뷨̲סһڣãˣС
ѵøСͳһսߡ
ǣڶϣͱȥ¡칬
⵽ʱ˯ˣ˯˸ʱԼϴɾˡ
һѾôоǹȥޣ
͵ˡ
ʵһֱףΪʲôҪһȥ̺
ʷ٣йŮɵģȥʲô
ھʱҲŹһΡ
һϣ˵ʥˣʥߵĹûƼҹ˾ʱʵòУ۾һᣬٴۣѾˡ
ɰŵͷƤըˡ
ڵʱʥϻûҴҳ˹
оˣϢʱԵ
갴չ涨ʱȥֵࡣ
ɽׯô󣬵ҲԲС̫ѾбҲһĺ
ɽׯ˲࣬˵ʥι˴ʳһλ֮⣬˵ȾδС
굽ʱչֻҪƫĵţûʲô¶ܳƫ
һȥͼʥҶˡһλûĴһ
ˣҶЦոˣٸղŻʥ˵ر޵ߵòϽ͹ˡ
꣺
ж

ǰһֱúִگʵûʲôĹ
˵ֵҲкüˣÿζ·
ټϱĴ˵Ҳ࣬ұһΪʥһ㲻졣
żдگ飬Ҳǰˡ
֪˼ǲ죬˼
Ҷ˴ȥѡ
ʱͼλڵʱЩ²ĻʵۣͷЦЦش
걻ͷͻͻֱ
ڸˢ˰ɣ
ʥϵرޣһúñ֣޻͵Ŷ
˵ţָָԶ
ֻͷڵ棬һյ˱ơ
ǣ
ʥ΢΢һЦȻˣ³ǩɣղҶ˵ر޵ľرã޵Ҫжá
ͷƤ飬ؿһҶˡ
ˣ㻹ôˣ
ҶЦֻóԼı±ɣȻҪʹ졣
ĵ̾˿

û뵽ͷһ칤ˡ
Ͻ󣬻ʵۻȥϴ軻ɾ·
ɰжˡ
ϣųʵ۵ذ䣬ǼǵһЩʹ졣
ˬˬĺ󱳣һӾð˺
غһ䣬΢ֵ
̫Сλû
ֺãʵԼ˼
˼ҵĺӣ˵ԹŶǶһЩģɾĿǰ˵ЩҲֻܿϵĺûˡ
ԼһεõʹͣһΪܱ˵ִ
һһˡСִ۾͵ɴˡ
˵Сӣƽʱ¶࣬һ־ݵġ
ֱӰͷֵǮĸˡ
ҶҲû뵽껹һƽʱ·֪ˣ⺢ǲϵôֻͷѰġ
ʵһζִʵذѡˣ
ͷ΢ѡˡ
ʵ۵ȻˣǱˡ

һϰ࣬һ֮⣬µʱ䶼ƫ棬˺ҹֵҹС̫ϢɣһʥʲôԸСĹߴ˱ˡ
ԼüѣЦҲҪɡ
С̫ϢɣҶʱѾˡ
һҶ˽ģҲûС̫л㿿ǽ˯ˡ
һֱڶîű
˵ǣԻȥˡ
С̫лճţͼʵߵĶŹܹرޣʥ˵ˣüǵһЩ
궶ͷ𣿡
ŹЦѽʥϲһϡ
Ӧһһ¾ʱ䣬Źлȥˡ

ԭȼƻĺܺá
һֱӰѼƻˡ
ͼ˵㶫ȥ˯ˣҲû
ʱ׼ԷأСֵȥʲôˣ
һѾ˵һԼı֡
˳ưԼõʹ͸˳
С̲סһȻ
һ£ֵǮˣ
СǺһ˭˵ֵǮСᰡ˵ȷʵѵãⶫҪչִСļѣ⴮һÿһұѰĿŻҪСԼѵû𣿡
굱ʱô˫۾š
֪˱ʲôĿ϶Ҳˣһûʲôرִ
ԣ
ʵʵĻٿһ»ģ
Сɲզģüסˣʱ㣬ȷȷʵһְʾԷ𰸣ٻһ
ȻʱҲթһթ
˭ѽʵͽֱӸˡ
ޣˡ
˵һֱùģʵͷҾϡƽ

Сȥֵˡ
껹ȥ
Ľֱۣѽѽ
˻飬ʵʲôò֡
ǰɣǾ͹ˣ˹֪֮ʵҶ飬ǹնģ˼ұ㻹顣
һʲ֪̼ٴΡ
ιȥ⻻˫Ьո˵ͦʣЬӾенˡ
¡칬Сȥƫ
ֱӱС̫ȥϳ
һƣѡˣ㲻ʲôޣƫƫЩȥļ˫һ棬еĽ
ڻʵڳ˲ñֳʲô
Ȼһʼ˱ʱʱĸʹСӣ꿪ʼеţ֮󣬱
˶ӸߡȳƽʱҲһϵɷ㣬һ۵øһȴûһΣ껹˵ļлнΡ
ɰ˸ֱۣʵ۹Цʹ죬ռ
꣺
ܴһֻʹ޶




123.  303-305   

ֻڵڶֵʱ, ˡ
Ϊʥˣϲˡ
ϲˡ
ڻʵǰˢ˺üڸе꣬һոյƫ, ͱŹ˹ȥ, ˵ǻʵ塣
Ŀͨһ
աʵеòְ
һ·Ŭһ, 䲻, ٻܼǵһЩ
, ˸ǰ, ϰŵ, ɵˡ
ʵ۵𣿡
ʵش𲻻ᡣ
ʵ̧ͷ, ˼Χأ
һ㡣
֪򣬱֮⣬ЩѶȡ
ʵ۵ǾΧɣ
Ẓ֪́겻̫, ִĺڡ
డսս˰, ׷ŵ, ԽԽҡ
ΪǸ, ·ơ
ƽʱʱ, ͻϼ䣬һ, ׶̫ǵˣ߰Լ֪ڸˡ
ʵ̾ϢʵҪ
æ, ΢ͷһλúѧѧ
ʵЦ˵Ļò
갵˿˵, Ͳô
黭УóҲǻˣ껹Եǫ䡣
ʵ۵޻Фɣ
΢΢һ㶡
ʵһֶŪ°ߵֲЩɺϴ˴һĻʦ˵ǻʲôͻȷʵͦ񣬲޾ûͦ壬Ҷ˵黭һرվ޻ФɣҲƶδ
ĬСʥϣ΢ûλĻʦúá
ʵŤͷһۡ
˼ҶԼǲ仹˵ʲô׳⵹ãһھ¶ӣ̲סˣǰջ˵ֻǻϣһϳ޾֪ʵúܺá
겻˼ʵ΢òôֻΪ΢Ϊ˼ʡ
˵סȡ
ʵϣ쵹ûôܣеʳ
ټʱÿ쳿ܣ˶һһˡ
ôһǼˡ
߼꣬򼼿϶ȥˣټãһȺͷȻ֡
ʵ´һᣬǰж֣
ֱȻһ¡
ʵۣ
ŻͳЩԶˡ
Źīںˣͣ»⡣
ֽ̼ϴ˸ͼʥϿԶˡ
ʵֵôͻˣ
ûУ΢ȴ߸塣
ʵöŹ˰ӣԱ߿һᣬ껭ʱҲûʲôֻרעЩϸ΢ĵطʡ
ǻ۾ʱãȻﵹӳŵľ
һ˫۾һԵĶŹ̲סʡ
̫ˣ
ξڡ
ŹԣסǰŲͷҲ̧ͷ鷳ãŹˡ
Źˡ
쳤˲ٳ򣬻ʵ۳˹ָŹŲ˻ʵ۵ԱߣȻû˵ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ɸϸĵطȴϸ
꽫ͷˣ̧ͷ²ӣһ̧ͷպö˫ӡ
꣺
ǽϾҪƷˣ

ܶ˴ޣǰФ񻭸ˡ
䲻ͻϸ壬ٿһ۾ܿ˭ټѶֳˡ
ΪԵ㣬еؽȲôһ
Źʵ̫ˣ
걻ö˼ˣЦˡ
ūչʥôЩ꣬ʥϻĻʦҲв٣ر⻭ȷͷһū˶ηġ
ûƳʵжֻ˫͸˵û䡢¼š
Ÿߴʤɡ
⼸һͿˣλôϲķУϣҲϲΪݣһֱ
Ź˼䡣
ѻһҪʵۿ
һ䣬Ե²
ŹЦûˣر޿ȥϢɡ
лƫС̫࿿ſڴŲ۾꣬Цˣˡ
ùҡ
С̫۾ɵøˡ
ֻԼǽһᣬٴʱǡÿԻȥˣͷȻС̫ࡢŮϸĽŲ

صԼҵСԺ
ͼ׼ȥܡ
ʦֵһ£һһȥ
Цû򣿡
ͷ
˴ͷһȦС˲½½
˴ͷﻹӣСþûһˡ
Ѷŵϣȥϴ˸裬һ㣬ݲȥˡ
Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ãԺ䣬о
ۣͼſڴͷС꣬ʹˡ
һʲôʱ£
˵ϵģϢһһͨ뺣ֱʱű׼Ĺ

ʲôʱˣ
ʱ̡
Ҳǿʮˡ
ʹأ
͵ڹ˵ʥ磬Ҷ˶ˣͦ¡صġ
ϣ˫Aƻ˳еġ
Դ˶ʹЩüζ껽ѣһû˯ᣬ㲻˼š
ˡ
;ûͣȰһѡ
飬Сһ㶼岻֣Ҳֻ˽ģεֱ֪˸ˡ
Ҳ֪ΰοʦ֣˵λιû
ҡͷ
ĬһҪȥмצɣ
ϴһ£һȥԷ
С֪ҪȥԣҲȥһԼϻȥֵֻ࣬ðͷˡ
һǲһжġ
˱ԴȥˣҲڡ

⼸쳣Сƹݵ˺һļצ
ֿζġ
СӦһתȥˡ
ſڴǰһᣬʵҾͦõġ
ûʲôˣƽƽġ
˵ʵҪΪһֱ߶Ǹһֱǿп޵ġ
꽫÷űˮݸ͡
Ц꣬˵ҪˣⱲӻмĻ𣿡
һȵݵ÷𣿡
ûһܲǲԺԼͱˣ
ⱲӺѲ࣬ΪԭҲΪԱʾã꽻ʱʶ˲ἰ
겻Խ˵Խࡣ
⻰˵ģ궼˸ˣ˸й˸Уôˣ棬ҪһֱѺദоڳӡ
ʲôС¡
ʱ˵ˣҪ˼ңϾڹǺѡ
Щ͹ϵܵģ
ԣAƻȷʵкܶ׶ˡ
̲ס̾˿Ҫ˵Ҫһ߰ɣ
ΪСѲˣŶһϤס
΢΢һôˣ
ιЦū֪ģ˵һ
ڰʱ֮ǰ
ĻʵѾӦ˶ˡ
ܹڻûϢѾ˹
ι˵һ
ٹ´Ǳ߽˳ˣʱϵס
ͱ˳µĻȥˡ
Ŷһ
ȫûкι֮еĻϲˡ
ιЦūȻȥˣͲСӺشˣūӶߣʲô£С֧һˡ
û
ǰһ
ôô磬ųԸͳԵ˼Һιסĵꡣ

ͽһļצԴιצˡ
û˻ȥ
˺Դ˻û鷿֡
껽һҪҪԼצҡͷһ˷㲻Զ
꣺
ԣĲŻᱣֵá

ʹʥɹ
̸Ҳɹ´ر졣
ڽһʱʱʱ顣
˵ͷѾʼʲôȥ붫˽Ǣ
ųԵ͵Сô˷أǿԱ𣿡
С˵׼Ӧͷֱ˰ɣҪȻԼ鷳
ؼҪԼҲûȥ˭֪˫Ǽ١
˵ʲô鷳ѽ
ҪԼ͹ȥ
Ȳ˵׵£֪֪˲ܰս
Ҫһ˲УҲȥͷ͵ֻҪԺӺùˣָͶȥ
Сңȥ
ʲôȥģˣгĻᣬҪ붫ɹˣҲǹ˳ɽˮ
ΰ
˵ˣ߱ߺþȥˡ
ϾǺüĶˣֻŽûʮꡣ
Сô˵걱ģʲôˡ
ԣһá
Сģ˵綫ͷһԡ
⻰ɰ궥û˵ˡ

Сɨ㣬꣬ǲָȥ¡칬ˡ
ѽһ⼸챻Ͱʱʱһ䶫ʹ£¶ˣ˵һϽ˯ȥˡ
ȥʱŹС̫˾ȥʵǶ
Դʵ۲ˣ⼸վûٻ
˿һȥʵǶڱһ䣬ʥҪ𣿡
С̫ҡͷûҶǹ
лתżȥ
ŹſڵЦӯӯӭǰոʥϻʥϺϲ˹Ƽ˱һ˭ġ
ʵ۾ͱ
˶ʱȤҪҲһ
Բһ䡣
ԴԽ˲ʮˡ
û뵽Ǽˡ
ԣǵú֮ʥʱƹһۡ
ɰڹأҲֻ˶ԷȹǻͣԵûô
˵ؾصʰ
ʵۻûڣһŮʥϣر𣿿ء
ʵ۵ǻġ
˵ūҲԵĻʱţûмʮĹǻģƵˣʵ˳һ

öֱ
λôһڣ͸š
괹ͷڵ϶Ҷ
ȴ̲סʼ
˽Թ޳ģֱ̫ɥ˰ɡ
ʵЦ˵ԾˣƼҲЩء
˵ū澽ҲҪλġ
ū˵ɺɵ˶ɣܾˡ
ū澾֪Ĵ֮ˣ
оԼԴá
˴˿̣Ҳȷǹġ
òɵҵǶȥ˰ɣ
&gt;_&lt;

Ź˱˱ī
ͷûһġ
Źֻ˰鰸Ųǰͷ
Ҫ̧ͷ˵ʥϣūǰ˵һͻرãֻҪ߶ԷҪĶǸʲôδƹǸҲܻǾôɡ
ղͦ
һ⻰һ̨ҵϡ
ʲô˲Ů˰
ʵ۵޻δ˵޵˵ä塣
ЦʥϽտɵüʶʶأ
˻䶨æʥϡˣ΢δз˵ǰûа취ä
ʵۻûڡ
۵һЦرΪβأҲ˵˭ͻ飬ЩΨԹ˲֪ѽ
Ź鷳ر޸ǰӵ
Źֻ
껺Žӵ˸ͷֹ涨ƨɶŻʵֻۣܲһϣܿ˵ķһĥīһʵä֮ǰ΢ʷһЩ⣬ʵش𡣡
Ļ΢⻭ǻ׼
ߡءΣΣëĳȣüë״ĳͥ۵ĴСԼ룬ʵرϸ¡
ʵ˶ͷ״ߣǿ׵״Ҳ˳
ܴ
ľݣԼųȻһҲ֪
ⲻֹɵˣһԵĶŹҲ̲סǡ
˵ʥϣƣرʵĶЩʲô
ǹⲻΪū澻ɣ
΢ʵĶЩҪ⡣
㲻˿ʲô
֪ô㣬äȫһðɡ
̵ĸô࣬һĶ϶жġ
ϵͳҲҪָ֤ƴͼġ
ôġ
Լ£˷ˡ
껺ȻԼ΢ǻ˵ò
˱ҭֱۣӾһȦһ
ʵ۹Цذ䣬޾㿴ʵʵһӵӡ
֪Լû취äЩ⡣
æʥˣ΢ÿ⣬Ҳ࣬һߣʱһ񣬶һһ֮ͬ壬֮ǧ
ʵ۵ȷʵˡ
ۣͬһСԲһǹֲͬķ
ʵЦڻر޻
˵

ǰ˵Ĵ˵
գδȴӽȥ
һȴ΢΢һ㶡
޺ˮҲΪ
ʵ۽궼ʮˣΪʵ۵ĸʮ˰ɣҲû
ϸƶƲ۽ǵơ
СԲرĿͣͻʵһ𣬵Ƿޡ
תúܿ죬˶ԷҪĻ⻭ԺǹǷ
˵ͻһԷҵİɣر޾öĺʣ
߶ɣ
һ䣬Ѿ˴ŵ뷨
ͷա
ǣֽ̼ϻΪŮӣϵĹûôͻӰʹࡣ
ͷ꣬˲ӡ
ͼǺڰ׵Ļֻ˵㴽ɫͷϵ˵ɫ
ɾ
˲˼ˣ
ͷԷ̫֮ģ̫Ф񻭷ѹĸо
ϸ˼飬ʲôģ
īǼûģӻ˸ͷ谡ġ
̼
ˣ
ʵ۵Σ
ġ
˵ֲϲղŵһۣΪԼվӡ
ʵЩôǲǱϴθ޴ʲôʦúá
Цϲʥϣϲʥϡ
Ĺˡ
һŷԼϥѾԼˡ

ŹžԼԴžû
ԱߵĶŹַһѣмĶˡ
Ųų˵ͷС̫סŹҲһƿҩƹС̫ҪҩллԼɣҴˮ
һҩƣһֵҩζ




124.  306-308   ƽ+ʧ

ǲҩ, ȥһ··ҲرĲþ
ŹС̫ཫ˻ȥлҪС̫ڼԵ㶫
Էҡͷ, ô, ūŻûȥܹܸ, ˺úϢ, ҩǵٲ
궼˼, С̫಻, Ҳԡ
ɨһȦ, ĹӶûС
ֻý˸ͳݡ
´ιȥʱ, л
ߴʱպƼſ·֣ǰסô£
Ǳˣ
ϸ˻˵һ¡
ε˵ôô磿
û»ʲôѽʵҲǵ, ˼ҳԼҵĻʦ
šü۲ۣ
ҡͷ, , Źһƿҩơ
ʱֲһ, ٲô, ϥǲ̫ÿ
·еѾ
ҿͷȹӣȻ첻
㳤ġ
˵Ű˸ܵ˴, Ȼȥˮݸˮ裬˯һӦܺһЩ
ñһ, ס͵ʦ֣Ҫˣûˡ
һ, Ŀצӣûµȥ֣ץĬĬһᣬֱĨ˰ᣬͲŵһң
ɥˣ
Ҳͦ˼ģһֱΪԼŬ飬Ͳ۸ôڵã۸Ǹ϶۸㡣
ʵ˲õ˲õҲõͷſѡ
ļ磬ˣȥˮˣҪʲôȥ򡣡
צɣ
ͳǣϲš
ǲ±˲𣿡
Դھ¥ι˾ҲҳȥҰʳˡ
ֻò˼צ±ζġ
͵ȥС
˵̫ôҲ˯ţ졣
ʵϾԶ¶
˵ܿУһļצһ͸ͻͻˡ
һѾЩĻ±ɡ
ҪЩӣмźʲôģǶ±һЩ
Ȼȣ±Ȼܷġ
ͷϲѶŵ¶Ȼ߲ˡ
ͺֺЦôһ˼ųԡ
Ŀһʲô
˿룬ǻҪʲôɡ
Ŷһ
Ͱ˰飬ӵڴϿˡ
ͣ
֪Ϊɶ᲻ˡ

˸裬ѾСѼצӸˡ
갴䷽צӸ±ӣݲ˸ٴʱצѾ±ˣζƮõǡ
ͼ·ѾûʲôˣһҲ
СʱȻ谡׼ˣ÷˺ΧԺСʯϣ׼±߿צӡ
Сĥĥǹİɣһǹġ
΢΢һЦʦַȥɣǷһˡ
СĿⶼʲôСѽ
һҧ˼צͼˡ
һһ±ζ
С˿Σߺߵ£ΪǶ㣬һȥֵҹͱǰȥҸ˵ɣʥ۶ûƹҡ
˵һһ
СʵǴĵģһⶫ̫óˣһ˺úϴϴ֡
Сһĥߴʱеˣϴϴһ·䱼ȥ¡칬

ܾ˺üε죬ûסջ󣬷˹
Ա߸պиλãЩ˼
æݸһ꣬Ц˳±ôĸ䷽ʱʱԼ±ζ򲻵ѷдҵġ
ĳ˼ΣټԼĸĽԽԽˡ
㼦צ罷צһʼצ
ʼצ굱ʱó֮󣬴ҶûôԹֻҪڼ±϶ٲһ
첻˼¹پͲˡ
룬ͱһԺסţĸһԺģһ㶼׽֪˵˼Ǳء
֪ĻżԷء
СһڼצóԣԼҲֵǳߣһȥһ
һţˬڣеĻҪóԡ
꿴޲Լͷӣ֪϶£ˡ
ţûʲôǼצ˵ġ
ĸ˿һļצһͦ˸ӡ
군ˣûס
ôõ⣬Ҫعˡ
͵һȥܲ
ӦһԺתȦȦö㲻ôˣϴ˯ʱͻȻ
˸հѸˣò˳͵͵ðɡ
δ䣬ͰŸˡ
С̫СֵСôˣ

СЦ˺ã
˸˽׼ȥ衣
Сæλ˱æˣūι±ζ𣿡
꣺

С̰Թ
ҪҪˣûסջ˺üצ
ʲôζĿ˼òʱ͵͵˼·ϱܱ߿С
һ±ζɢˡ
Ҳһ±ζ
ʼצζرĶء
մϺܾϴ
СһֱԼã֪ãһȥͱʥײˡ
һζþòɢ
ʵ۱һ䣬ʲôζ
Сĵˣ±⻹ء
ֻʵղų˵±ζ
ʱСˣҲû˭ˡ
ʵ۵鲻һġ
С˵±ģַӰСˡ
ʵЦû뵽ذ仹գڸòҲڳ±ζɡ
Сͷ
ʵ۾ʹСȡˡ
һͷߡ
ڽʮļצҲ±˲ٵĲˡ⣬ﻹأһϵȥ
ڲõˣֱϽɰɡ
ͬСһģλС̫࣬һ鶾ŽװʳһЩ
ߣݺݵС䣬²ࡣ
Ժ󻹲
СԺ治ҲˣǶҲȥֵҹʱԶˡ
ϰζû

ǲ֪ˣ
ûȥȻԴ϶ͱסˡ
ã
СޣǱסһ
ΪС̫ڴߵʱ˺ü飬Ҫʵ۳ʱõɶŹһ顣
ԲСһԶ
С붼һ亹
ñ߳Ա߻شʵ۵⣬˵
ڻʵǰ¶ǶԼĲܣ¶¶ǳԡ
͵һ
Сͷ꣬һȥ縣ϸ㣬ƽɡ
оԼ³çˣҪʥãָˡ
ʦ֣Ҳһɡ
͵ͷ
꣺
ϴҲʲôЧðɡ

ֵҹ֮⣬˶һȥˡ
ʱͰһԵٰʮǮɣʵûʲôס
ӦһǮƱպá
οͼ䣬Сһˡ
귢֣棬С֮ͯ⣬µ˶ǹ˾
ֲһֱȻģôһ¡
˳縣£ԸҲ˶ʮǮ
˵ģСǲûԴ
Լǡ
ɲȻʵۺź
ֹ˴죬Сֵʲôѽô˵ôʱ䣿
ұһΡ䡷
С

縣˵Ҳɽɽô󣬻صѾʰ׼ȥϰˡ
æƽ
ֻһʦ˵ˣһ㹻ˡ
ؼǱ˶ǶʮǮһƽ˼˵Ҷʮ
Ͱѷþͳš
׼תͼһԶ
΢΢ֻۣϵС£˸ǰȻû
СһǱˡ
һôˣ
Сµүš
˵űӻһŷݸꡣ
ӹŵһɲǣƤֽס
⼸ƤΪ˵¡
ƽ˵һЩܾ˵ʲôо
˿̽ӵţͻȻ񱻴ͨζ
֡Ȼˡĸо
صŲ𿪣ɨһ顣
סֶ
ʲôʱ£
СĲ֪յźС͸ˡ
ʵҲҪģֻ֣ˣǾб䣬һҪ꣬⣬Żɽ֡
ھ嶯ֵʱ䣬ʱڽıС
ÿı³Сһʱɲǿ쵽ôյźͣĸ˹
˿õˡ
СιͲˡ
һģмӰ
û˵
ǼǱأ
Ƕھء
Сµ˷ģС֮ǰ볤ʷ˵ˣʲô紵ݶ㽫ǽӵȥ
л
Сµ˿ˡ
֣˼ֻҪɽסˣǱû⡣
ôĵӣһ˾һЩӣһѾ˵̫ͨԺ󣬾Ǳ߱սҪȫࡣ
˵ţͼСˣСһ£ôˣˣ
СæûУСͼġ
ھ˸ӣѾʼˣŰ˾¿ʽš
ʱȥոպá
ԭϵլӣˡ
ĸլӸǱ߿ʼӴҾˡ
ԣιøʹŶ
СЦμµò
С˵£궼֪
СߺСļٵģ
ġ

ôһϢ˵Ǽٵġ
ڽһжƽ˾ġ
ĴֵҹʱԭȶõıҪʼˡ
ڶʹĵλһĿ֮ıԡ
ǱӵȵȣӰ˵һжʮˡ
˴ӵĺͳɿ֮⣬Ҳ齨ֻ飬ӡ϶ӣĵǿӵֱϳ
߾ѶС
һĻʳӽճϯˡ
ڿ̨ţԶԶȥʵۡʳӡ˵һڡ
ԭǱȥϵģڱǰ죬Ҷ˸Щ࣬Ͳ³ˣ油ͺˡ
ͲԼҪϳ
ԴС¸Ҫڹ϶֡
ЩӶûô˯á
¸İ㶼ʲôˡ
˵ϳһٸ⡣
˸ڰС˸˼һЩȤڼ±צء
ǣԪҲûϳһ油Ա
ԪԱߣĥ֮ʱٺúñȱȡ
Ҳ飬ʵ˵ʵҾУֻӶû򵽹
˱˵עųϵ
ͼѴ˴ӲҪض
˵ܽص𣿡
Ԫ׺Ǻֲݰ붼롭
δ䣬ͻȻ䡱һ졣
ֻýµĵضʶؾܣȴԪһѸ
žܱһҵݣݡ
걻ԪװŲӣ˺üûԪûҶҴȥ
ֱˡ
ôʹӦҶôһ
Ȼǰһ
˶ƴɱǰ̣ûû
굽˴˿̻Щδ
֪ȥ£ŵҪȥģ
ǰ컹һϣСȥʱڳת˼Ȧ˼Գȥķλ
˴˿̣һƬҡ
ɱ֮ǲڶ
Ѿȫ׼ˡ
ʵ˫ȷ˼پƵģܲˣֲҿ޳
Ԫ׵Ӷ߳ȥ
ӦһԪײһɿĲӣ顱һ죬һӰѹ˹
Ԫ׳ͽ
ͼѪ˾ֱ㶵ص¡
ŵĸһʧС
Ԫһһýһץ󣬡Ҿ֪Щûʲôá
ô˵ȴһ˳ǽߣһעԱߵʲôɹ
õĵֵһ¡
ŵ˫ֱĻں˵ʲôڽԪ׾аְ֣ԥغһ䡣
ߵߵһС¾Ӧ
һС£Ԫ׳˿˽תҪߣСһѸסӡ
Ҷ˵ˣСĻİȫ
Ԫûֱӱӹ˳ȥ

겻֪һ̴˶á
ǶŵĻҩ֣˵λᣬ¶ˣ˫
ʼӶ˭Ͷεĺûɹ
˫Ľˡ
λ֮УԴ̥ಡĴӣܵʱˤһӴʱʼ鴤ֹΪβʱûճ׶ˡ
ʵ˵Ļӵ֮£˵ûˣȴʧȥҪˡ
ΨһĶӣͯԼչ˴ӵĸˡ
ν
ʵ˵һԥѶϣɡ
һ̵סˣβǶûúá
˫ڽš
ɽһΪ
ⳡƽϢ𼸸ٴμ֣

һգСС̽Ϣ
Ȼһ
СſڴһŵһӺˤ
˵ʲôˣ
û塭
Сˣ֪Ͳɽˡ
ûʥǰ¶ǲСˡ
ֻýԼȥһۣһУһϤӰ˹
˵С¡
˸ӣСѾŶ롣
꣬Цˣүˡ
һŵһӱĹҲȻŻԭ

ղŵòͿޱӵСһ֣ؾˣ˾񣬡ĶǲǾоˡ
Сµүȥ¡칬ʥСĻͼλȻؾ
Сӷ
ʰǻؾ
˵ʰʵǵĶʰˡ
˵йһƬǻʵԷһǱʱ͵ϮһȺ׼˵ĶǷһݵġ
С˵žͽԼĶ˱ϡ
꼸ٶҲһ˸С³š




125.  309-311   

֣ĵ, ֲµսºܿ㵹
յĵգС±յϢ
֣˶
ʵڴĻ֮£Ѿʼˡ
ս, Ǳߵʹ, һ, ˡ
ҲΪʱ, һȺôߵ, ʲôʱߵ˭Ҳ
˵ڵսƽϢ, Ǳ߾˵Ѿʼű¼ˡ
ɴѹ, սһ
֮˵ҲһµʱϢ, ɼεĶ˵̸Уʵȴ֮ⲻھơ
һ߲¶ˣһ׼˴ֻҪһĲ, ô˫ͻս
ֱӴֲ
ԣʱ, ûǺĴ㡣
С˵⻰ʱ, һû͡
˵껹ĵɨһۡ
ĬȻ
꽫еý, ˵һ, ֪Ѿ޷ء
ӡ
ڣ׶Сһһ֤ʵ, ˵Ǽٵġ
ĬһʲôϢ𣿡
СǰСǱѾˡ
ʲô£õϢ̫ȷ
СҲû, ͵ιʬѾҵˡ
ȣҵʱѾõֻʣһˣѬ졣
ڱǰ¡
ִһٴ֤ʵ, ˣιʲôˣ
СŻʵ۵ˣȴ˲ֻ֪˵һ㣬ʲôºιԣǱԼ˸˿ڡ
ټ޻
ͷһʶıվ
Сµүι˵Ĳ١
ɶǱ⼸Ҳ̤ʵΪʥӣǴԼҵĺӸȥʥϲӦ
ǰ׳û˸¡
⼸ʥ岻ˣۿѾʮˣû
żҲˡ
һ̫ӣʥúι͡
ЩȻ룬ƾʲôǶҪһСʵۣ쵼к
һ£в˼š
ιǷʥϵҶӣǳʵģƫƫͷ˲ǡ
Υ¶ȥˡ
ԣ֣ǶʥѾˡ
ȻЩҲô󵨡
ľղŻԹȻתۿһӾʪˡ
Сµδȱżү֮Ϣ׼ȷ
죬лĻ˵
ʦ֣Ȳ衣
סݹıӣžžµ
Գû˵ʵúιʱǿĵģ˵ݳϣɱϾ˶ٻصĸס
û棬Ϣһʱζӳ¡
˵ںǶǼٵġ
С˵һ˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ΰοֻԱ߾

ֹر۽ǵɨѾˣæסʦ֣ȥģ
ͿЦû£ȥլǱ߿լ޵ôˡ
Ŷһ֪һȥ
ǻؾʱ򣬾˵Ϣˣʵ۽ƿƵĺܺãټϾߵٶҲܿ죬ƽʱϵֱܵӸѺ
ߵûʲôӡ
ǻؾʱ߰յûʲôӰ졣
º;һæ£Ѿʼ½½Ľʼˡ
ĸÿ춼ȥլﶢš
һŮЩ鲻˹æ
˹ȥʱĸ԰ôޡ
ۻء
ĸЦǾɣﻹ˯С˵⻨ر
۵һҷС½ر
룬ɱн㣬˼һ᲻ĵġ
տʼһһģ´ûɫ
Դʼү¶̬Ժ˲١
һͺ꣬һ˼ط¶ߵ鷢Сȥ濴÷Ժû
һѡ
ͻװ֪ô£ĸСҲȥҵðҿʲôá
Цϲʲôһͷһ
ĸЦҾͺƤˣӰϻʲôÿ

껹ͷһ
ĸ߿ģѼҪֵĻľ˽ˣŵҪͻİɡ
ղʱ˵ʲô㰡ģպӰҲÿġ
ĸ˽ȥвθˡ
ĸġ
ų˳ߴ磬ĸ˵պѻ
ĸż
갥һЦҵĻҰ
ĸͷС˵ửʲôȫҸ
죬Ǹòä͵ɡ
ⱯߵģûǶݣǱĸˡ
ӲͷƤǰʦֻҸʦֻɩӻ𣿡
ĸҡͷҸСһ
̾˿ҿû
Сͳú񡭡
̬ǳࡣ

ӲͷƤ¡
ĸҪҲߣԼҵģҲ߶ĴͷվС
Ϊûм˵ʦֳ񣬵Ҳ֣Ҫɡ
ĸ
һʲô
֮Ф񻭱κһɶãҼ졣
ĸҲֻ̫ҪĻˡ
ϸϸ˵һЩε¡
ֽʵ˵Ķ˵Ķ

ͺ۳ʱͼԺﻹûõʯǰ
ˢˢˢϲͣ
˵ͦг
߽һ֪ڻĸ±ʱЩ̫׼ȷĵطһ£վԱ߿һᡣ
ͼˢˢˢʣһ㽥
Ϊ֪εʵݣڻ۾ʱرµƣڻüëʱüüģС
ĸµһʱ˵
ֻµʹҲ˰ɡ
һ㹴ãֽ˸ݸĸˣʲôҪ޸ĵĵط
ĸӹֶֻ
̫ˣӡеĻҪ
ҲǰԾ
Ҫûš
ϵ߰˷񣬿ɹȴһˡ
ʵä
ϾοټĸԱ߰ѹأܻ˵һҲ֡
ĸĨĨᣬЦ̫ˣ
˵ŽСŵԺСͺ۳ˣɵøٻһȫҷ
ЦĸģҲֹҪǼ˻Ҫͬӡͬá

ͽҪȥ˽ӿˡ
˳͵㻭ģ
ⲻϻ
͵еˡ
꣺

С⼸æýŲմأֻԼݳˡ
Աߣڳ֮ͻȻ꣬˵ǲʵѾ֪ʲôˡ
˵ʵ˵Сûôܹ
Զֻһ仰úѧϰ˾
һΣ˸ˣ˵ţΪ﷢֣ڼ·ʱǿʹҿ߳ײϵĲ
϶Ϣ˵ƣͻȻҩƽķ䡣
Ϊ˯ˣ͵͵ĽŲҩ
߲ߵᣬ͵ʱҳ
룬Դι˾֮صʵһ㶼á
Ҫ淢ˣҲΪ档
ֻȴһֱװʲô֪Ҫ򷿡լӣϲ¡
ںѾѡ˳׵ӡ
͵꣬˵Ҫ֪ˣΪʲô˵
Ĭһʦ֣Ҳ²ĸѾ֪ˡ
游ϼǱߣϵĸˣֻĸôһŮС϶Ľš
ĸоֹ֪ǸʫŮˡ
ģ֪Ļƴʲô
˵ĸˡ
֪ˣΪʲôû
ûҪȥεֻһֿܡ
뵽ģ϶Ҳ뵽ˡ
ԣڡ
ˣܺľһ壬߻ʵԶμԺ󲻹û볯Ϊ٣ݣӶôù
οϵô΢
Ҫսˡ
ĸô޸ͳףֻһܣΪԼˣǸ˶ʮˡ
˵ģϵȻǺá
֮ĺ˺Լˡѣôֻˣʮֻڴ˵еĸˡ
ЩЩ²
ᡢã

ôһǿͻȻͽ⿪ˡ
˿꣬лл㣡
лңҳԼצ
û⣬ԶپͳԶ١

Դ˾ͷ˾ţҷļ٣ټϳڶŻʵۻؾ
ԺֺеţҲûʲô¡
˱Ϣ⼸գ絽˽ӱ
˹ȥʱ˽Ӹպ¿ˣеӥץСее˾أ˹Цһɡ
ЦС
ҵ£á
ʯͷ˭һ飬˳У˴Ķ˭ࡣ
磬ôģǰծˣ
ЦѽˣԺͰĵصȢϱˡ
˽ʽεҲһˡ
ǰܼǣʱĶ볡Ǹӵġ
ѽҪӼЩ˱һɡ
һ䵽Ѽˣһһص㳡ӡ
˻һ
Сȥ½ԪףԼʱ䡣

껹˵ȥҽԪף˽ӻȥʱԪǼԺСһء
ţԪװ߸СߣôŻ
һȥء
Ԫһ£Цϡ档
գʱܲܰЩֵԼ˽ӵĺһ
Ԫæûʱ䡣
꣺
Ԫװ鷿
ŵҴȥӾ
ѫھ䲻֣ɽ󽫾ϱߣĿǰ֣Ტ۵Ĳѡ
ɽһͽԪһ硣
̡̫̣ĸףӾ
ҪȻҲǱڹӼѧϰˡ
ڲȥԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣游游սϵģҲΪˣ󽫾һֱϱߣһΪ˱
и常Ҳսڱ߽
һһ̫̫˵ʲôҲȥ
Ժ󽭼ûڵٻҲں
ɽԪں
ʮ߰꣬챻˵竡
˭ڱ˵һ䣬󽫾ô˲һˣȻôһӡ
ǼŲң
Ԫ׾֤Լȸײ
ɼȴģ˵ʿҵŵ˳ˣ⻹ء
Խ˵ԽæʵҾðɣ̫˵ûɽڲûա
СǶѧ֪ʶʱЩɱɱ鲻е
Ԫֱۡ
һֱΪһ
⵹ãôһ
ȱ㣬Ϊʲôȥ
ΪûһΪʲôԪȥˣΪжˡ
Ԫײ̨ϣš
ԺҲˡ
˦־Ҫ뿪һһ첲˸˻
㼤ʲôѽ˵ѵʵ𣿡
ҪӾȥĶѽ
ָ
ҩ
Ӵ
ܴʲôߵİɣо̸ȫ
Ԫֱӷ˸ۡ
ȰȣҪȥϱߣӾûʲôڣʲôΣҲֲͷϣԶ벻
Ԫ׵ˣ֣ȥ򶫾
ͣ
õϢٶȱ졣
ǱڰǰͿʼűˣ߹ڶѣΪСصսҲ׼ġ
ڶģǱҲܶһʱ䡣
ڴ֣ʥϻؾʵϣԪ׵õϢ֣ѴŴȥ˱߹ء
Ԫߣպܸϡ
꣺
㶼ˣ
Ҹ㣬ҪҼ˼òУæһ
곯֣磬лл𡣡
ҵĴųϻǳ֪
ȥ˼ҼȰˣĸа
Ԫ׵Ҿôһ׵ˣµǼһߡ
ޡ
˵ȥȰüҡ
ʱǵñ˹򲻿ɡ
⺢ӵӹҲ̫ˡ
ԣһסҪ뿪ĽԪףⶼˣһǲûˣ
Ԫ׺ٺЦûѽǼܸѧ㲻һֱǰ಻ôôˣʣµľͺôˡ

Ҫ꣬Ҫˡ
ס
ҽԪСӹúܣҵ£ɼ˵ľ裬ȻҵԺӷ˹ȥֱȥһ·
ͷ
ѾǽȥĽԪףʦô죿
ôһʡġ
ָָ⡣
ʿˮôǲе㲻¡
˽ﻹǾýԪ˵е
ʶʱ䲻ɽԪʲôӣʲôܶһЩġ
ڶһܵȷûʲô֣УҲͷ
⺢ڱһϵļǿ
һˣһӵʱ䣬ǵʱץɲҡ
Ҳû˭ˡ
ͳǣɹݵġ
ⲻкݣҪȥӾսΣѽӳȥȥӾҲʲôˡ
ʱ򽨹ҵǷַӵ¡
ͣ
Ϊأ
ҲܲǲǸõˣ

ú󣬻ݻȥˡ
ʱѻúû֮ǰպᣬ£Ҳͻӡ
⼸ոպʱ䣬Ͷ໭һЩ
ҳ֮󣬹ʱˣŴһԪСӣ㷭Ǽǽѽ
ôһ˽
ָŽԪ׷ΧǽǶ˵ʲôҪȥӾǲӦ
껰û˵꣬һǽͷ׷˹ȥһȥȱˡ
ԺĿ̵ʺ




126.  312-314   ɪ+

ڼȵһ졣
ŵõϢ, ҵ׷ȥˡ
Ԫ׸꣬ЩСҲһߡ
ʵ֤Сһû, ֻһˡ
ҵ˵С, ٺ˱ּ·ȥˡ
ֵֻļʽ
ͼϵĻβ, Цλ
˵, ѧúá
ʱѧ˲ٵĶ, ǰ, ֻǳ, Ԫһ, һͶˡ
ﻹγһֲ֡
˵ģڰİĵطԼҵ·
Ȼս⣬Ŷˡ
ҪǸղС´Ϣ, ǼҺӶڼúõĴأ껹汻Ԫ׸ˡ
ȻСûһ仰ġ
͵, ȷȦڼϧˡ
ôǵ, ȻСӸˡ
Ҵֶòϡ
ͱ˵ͷһ
˵, ̬Ҳ
һ, ǲܳΪĻʵۣ˵, ǻǲģǳˡ
, ֪Լ˵ˡ
Ͻ⡣
˵ţŶ룬պһ䣺ꡭ
Ŀ䵽͵, һת꣬ʱ𣿰ǵдưɣ˿̸Ҷȥ
С
𣿡
µͷѹдļ˳ѡһ
ɨһ۵ɪɣ
ʹչɪ޶ʮңһһ˼껪
õĶģ˻һӵģֵֽģǻּôо⡣
˫һǾɣ˵ɪ֣ҲرãָԺҲҲ׬Ǯˡ
ڶϵ񻯣ǹʱ͵ˡ
⻹ǲܺԱգӾͲһˡ
˭ҵĺӲѽȥ׬öٵ⡣
Цд֡
˵õ飬ԼƣǽһдǴЩ˿ͷһһ͵УϷĺӡ£Եøÿ
һֽϻ˸Բͬʱһ֦С۷۵С̵ֻҶӣԲεĹƣһڵ
Ҫϵʱһζ϶Сϲˡ
ͷ
̲סˡ
үտĵС
ȻЦȴܿס˵ʲôأǵˣҲüĿˡ

µڶճȥˡ
Ҳʽˡ
Сһͱȥˣիټɽʱ˺üգ˵ˣûϣּϣҲʮûˡ
˸ʳУæӹʲô
Ǳˡ
ζſмء
˵ӡѼױ
Ϲӡźӡ²˺ӡ
СһѾǸĳˣ
ЦⶼǵڹֵĲģź
ͬǳζΣûǶˡ
Сǣ˵û⣬ǽһźиһȥ
ץһֱ
źóԣ̫óˣ
˵û⣬ͷĶҧֱ⻹Ҫ㡣
ЦǼҳرá
ټĸæÿ˶ܸ㷭
ͨͨɾǱֵߣζãһ۾͹ˮ
СĶȥٳһȴ꽫ʳиˣһǲˡ
СһСȥҳԡ
Цʦȹȥ绹ȥ˽Ӹһ黭Ρ
˵ͻȻСûȤȥ˽Ӵʲôġ
СóԵҾȥ
ͷ
Сͬˡ
˵˵ҶΧһСʥϹ龩¡
껹ûڣСͽʳи˹ȥкһر޴ӼģҳζΣ
˵ű㽫˳
ںԺ˽Ķʮˣµļˡ
ҶƽʱûϵģûģЩദ൱
Сһкҷ׷߹һһ
˵õĶһÿ˳֮󶼱ʾرóԡ
ϲźˣϧˣֻ˸ӣǡ첻ϲźһ¡
ʱദټôһ
ȻǼϵ˲٣һڱ㽫߽߸˸Ĵָ
СЦҾΣ
һ䣬һ俪ʼԼ
˻õĶһ˳ԡ
ζġ
꿴۾ʳ͵Ц´մ㽴֭óԵġ

СһƵöż
ҶˣҲ˵ⶫóԡ
ţⶫʲôˡ
СüΣص㡣
ߺߴߴûתۣСһѽʵر޽մЩ˹ߴңЩ˶ԼֵĲġ
Ŀľ
ľɡ
һ˲͵ͨ졣
Ҳ˵һ£ĶֵģʵҲֵģЧĵۺġ
ҲǸӵ룬СӹúһЩ
˳ɪ˸档
˵˼䣬ҪҲûˡ
ʱҲûһ˹ˣֻС˺˵ˣһȥ˵һո𸴡
ҵл
Ҫϳ񺼵ر޿ģˣҶ֪»ʲô㲻ġ
ģ
˵һ
Ŀ⾼ؿ񺼡
ûӦֱ˳̲סһ䣬ǣ㿴ʲô̬ȣ˵ûƵġ
־ûӻ
ǰһֱߵĽ
ʱ̫ԣȥҶǶ˸á
Ѷˡ
걾֪£СԷʱ˵ġ
ǰʱ仹أֶϹˣ˵λŮ޹ȥ
ζȥɽׯֱ̧
ϧ֪ˣȽڹϣ㻹Сû̧
ȴҰ˯ˡ
±ͦãֻŶοͰѹ̧ʱλұǻ׹ݡ
Ҳ֪Ķ˵֣·ݵʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ⲻеظҶǶһ״
Ǻ׽˼ζѺˣûУΪҶ˶ṩ˶׼췴֤ݡ
ƫɲɣλﻳˡ
һݣֱӰѼĹˡ
ȴǶԼҺӣһ޶֣ڶ¼һʡ
ǲеԼҸ˱ɣƫƫҪԵԼҸ߹ⲻŪɳ׾ˡ
ǣƲϵľƲ塣
ƽʱ־ߵý
˦Ҳ˦
񺼲ŲûԼʲô˵ʲô

ȥ˽ӡ
ͺСμҵլӡ
˿ΣѧһСʱ˲ŴլǱ߹
С޵ͦġ
ҲˣԺ϶ֲˡ
ھʣ¼ҾʲôģǱٶҲͦ죬Ž궬ܰȥ
һʱ䣬ɲĸ¡
ʱҾ߰ȥһʱͿԳˡ
˵͵Ļ£˳һСġ
öҪˣܲɡ
СȻˣžǰɡ
Դ˽Ҫؾְ¾ؾǶʱˡ
ھıò£ȻͲóȥˡ
˼Դ˻ŵġ
ʵͷҪȾһЩ
ʵǰҲ룬ںԺ꣬ıŵְλ
˵߻ʵԶ
Ǿͷûô๴Ķǵ£Ͼǵôǵط
ھһשȥҵĶƷο֡
Ϸ塣
СҲ϶ǵŵģҵͦȵģܸܲ˶ھ
ԣȥͷˣ;ھ
ӣﻹʱӦöѽ
ͺǳĬһڡ
ʹ
˵˵ž͹յԼͷˡ
СٺЦ˵Ŀʵ˵Ĺϵˡ
ʵðɣھòġ
ߡ
СʵƵĵط۸
;ͲһˣôŶš
͵أԺ˵ɣָʱ͸ıˡ
СЦ⵹ҲǣˣҸղ˵ԪСӵڻûأ̫̫ѾɽȥҴʦȥˡ
ͽסпٶȿ湻ѽ
մӵߣҲͰӵʱôһȺȥ׷
ǲҲѽȻˡ
òǸû߰ɣ
ˣ
׻˵ºڣԪָǹ˾ˣȻƵߡ
ȷʵܿ׷ˡ
ȻصңСЦˣôţ
ûߣ
Сµͷʱóǡ
սԪ˵СһߣֻнԪһˡ
ЩС黹һóԳԸúȺȣĻء
أʱҺӳˣԽԽ̫Ծȥ˵ĵطˣһȥûӰ
֪뽭Ԫһˡ

뽭Ԫһߵӣȫǰġ
һţһա
ƽʱ˸Ԫˣȫˡ
żһžְλأƤ¾ͳ˳ǡ
Ŵ˲ûŭĵøס
ֱԼҺгϢ
ͷҲǽ̫̫µ˵Ƕͦġ
룬ȻеļҳϣԼҺгϢ
ƽʱЩһֱϣƽͺãʵϸôһ¡

Ԫߵĵ졣
ʵۻؾˡ
ٹٷйӭӡ
罭Ԫ˵ͻʵۻؾĸ֣
֣Ѿȥӭˡ
ʵһؾ̲¾Ϳʼæµ
Զıһʼѵ
Щ£СûʲôӰ졣
øżСͬڴµİԡ
ɪԭȶڰ³˿ŵġ
Ϊʳȥʵۻؾ񲿰̫ǲٰ죬ǣЩ˻ȥɥ
Ҳһ²ó׵ȵȡ
ԣɪĿҵƵ˾£Դװ֮½½˻ѾӪҵˡ
µСﵹǲ١
һ£õĹ塣
͵ݣµǲѣҶҺģͼ˲٣ݡ
ټǰͷоˣͦġ
֪ϲõȵȣٶȸЩ˰³㶨͵á
õСǰ£ҲѾ깤ʽŵ
ڰʮ֮ǰȫ˳ȥ
˼۸һһٶʮ
Ҳ˵ð˸С£׬˶ʮ
ȥϡǮٳȥ껭Ǯʵһ²û׬Ǯ
ҲǱȹƽʱ׬öһ
ÿÿƽҲһ㡣
µС
õĲϺ˿߶ϺõģΪЧһЩӴȥżý˿ߣȥ˹ͲǮʵһҲֻ׬˶ʮ
ٹһЩ²ˡ
ӣλǴٹС
ͨգһ´üأҲǵĿǷΧ
Լ֮ۡ֬ô
ҡͷô
ЩǼӵһЩ˽뾭ӪãõӱＸʽġ
ҪΪûҵ
ȿҵ˸Щͻ
ܲס͵ÿòã۸ʵʵˣһҵ׬ùģһÿˡ
¸оԼһôϱӴҵʼƭأѵ׿㶼ˡ
ⱲҲϱá
飬ȷҪٸĽһЩˡ
˼£ѵ㲻ˣ
ѽֻΪ飬ɫЩ˾ģҲɽկİԣ㻭ͼǵһԱȸߵ
Ҷǰڼͦر
¡
飬Ŀǰ˳ԽģʱƷЧӦȥˡ
ǻ治ûԴ
ΪǾǮ塣

һºţʲô±͡
һ˾ڳ±
ͼ̶ӻؼƵˡ
Դ·ݽ˾ڰ·ˣʱ䣬·˶أһǴ졣
ɹȡ
Ա߰æ±ϲĿĺӣڵð̫ȷغһ
һǣŶˡ
ϲͷٺЦǰÿˣϴ
ۡ
ˮǺסˡ
⺢ӵֹȻ˵ã˹Ц
һǣ컬࣬һұѧĿģҿû
ϲĻû͵
ȥɽһʱ䣬û˹ţͦġ
λʯؾ˿ˡ
ֽ
ӵ˵һ¡
Цͺãͺã
ιСš
Ҫˡ
١Ļдòһʮӡ
ԣ˸СæЩ£񶼴μԡ
ڶŬԺء
˸֮󣬸ӿ̿ˣʱһƽߵģһ·ϻиӦ
ǣ˭Ӧ˭ѽ
ڼľƷɵͦá
ȰһѼ
Ǳر𣬻֣֮ر׬Ǯż챻̤ˡ
ûʲô
Ҳͦõģˣͺ˫ĸһӦż
԰Ǳ߽곤غãҩҲ˲١
߶߶ģھӸ´˲ٵԼֵĶ
кܶ඼½ô޽ӡֲġ
Ҷرм
ﻹºÿ˫Ь
˵Ǹл²һֱչĸӡ
ϵ˫Ьʮ˫ӣһѾ磬û˵ҲȱЩ𣿡
ϴϸĻûôء
οȥﶼЬƽʱûʱ䴩ˡ
ⶼǴҵ⣬ܲȫܾɣΪС»ˣȥС¸ӣճɱȥ˶ء
꣺
ԵҲ̫ˡ




127.  315-317   +ս

, µ׵ʱʳӵɥһ䡣
֮ĻҲճˡ
⼸նæ￪ŵ£д˸Ϣ⣬ô֪ӿŵʱ, ʲô
Ϊֲÿ, дġ
, Ҳô
ϱըȵص, ſڵġϢһӾ˲ˡ

һֵֵҹ
սսƫ, һǰ¡칬ʱչ˹С̫ࡣ
θ˵Ӽز
ҲŹ̳Ӿơ
С̫л
Ц, Ҷ˼ˡ
¡칬ʱ, ͶŹչˡ
ڻչ
ֵҹȥͬŶ˵, Դ֮󣬻ʵ۵ƢԾǰһˡ
ǰٺǹȥ̺ڼҹҹȥ
Ҫô죬Ҫôʱ, Ҫô壬żʷ
궼˼˵, Լ¡칬ʱ, קһݵ
ȷʵǰһˡ
Сǰֵҹ, ͵ʥ, λ޷ˡ
ǰǵɵһ²ӣ˲١
Сֵǰһ, һ裬֪˵ʲôֱӱȥ乬, ǰڳϣȰʵ۳ӯ֦ɢҶһ£Ҳˡ
˵, ʵ鲻ãҶرС
˵˵ĺδʵ۸ֻδᡣ
˵ţŹ˹ˡ
˹ȥ
ʵۼչ֪꣬ذѧˣ
￩һ
˵ûѧ
һᣬСʥϣʦѧ˼գ΢޶ۣ΢
ʵ۵Ǿ˵˵ɡ
꣺
⻹أ˫ַ̣ꡣ

Ǵʮ־Ż
ʵһᣬͻȻرˣ
һ
˵ûаɣôһͣ٣¶ˣֻʵͷ
ʵۺЦʲôµģֻ۾һ𣿡
˵һҪһ춥ҲͳԳԷ
ʵ̾˿öŹ̸ˣһ壬͸գʵۻñ±߸͡
ôһĥһʱ껹һͷˮ
ǻʵ۵ǰ࣬ĿӴȰЩ
ڶʱǰǰĲһ飬˳˳ġ
һλãˡ
ʵ𾪵رǽָסˣ
ޡ
ɲզģʹñһӶ͸Ͻˡ
ʵ۵еˣ
ɵЦ졣
ҲˣǰֻԭǼȳ˺ãɵԽԽ֣ԭļֹǺãֱǹĿ¼Ƶġ

ʵǸ²ȥˡ
껹
Ĭһ΢ûԵسˡ
Ͷأ
ͷΡ
΢ʵлһ񡣡
ʵۣ

˴ޣʱ򻹺һ˺ҹҲЩסˣɻʵ۰˯Ҳޡ
Ϳˡ
ȥ˯ѽٰȥȦͳˡ
Ұҹ
ʵۼ浽е֧Ųסˣ˻ȥ
ֻӲͷƤȥˡ
صƫСС̫ࣺʥÿ
С̫ͷ
Դ֮󣬼ÿ죬ϴ˯
ĬȻʧ˰ɡ
˵ţŹֲˣٹȥһ
ָֻ˹ȥ
ʵ۳֡
СŲ˹ȥ϶Էվ̫Զվǰ
ǰŲŲмֻһҵľˣʵ۲ŵ˵˵ɡ
ͷĥ˵ɶҪ˯ǰ£ʵ۵޸㽲°ɡ

ֱͦ˱
ʵۺЦؿһۣǰһֻè
ֹʲôΣգèһʱ
һ˶èèĵԽԽһ촳˴
ֻʹèˡ
Ȼһò˵ɡ
һֲԡ
ֻ򹷡
ʵ۵˵ҪҪһֻϾʱ󡣡
¿ˮ
ûڣʵ۾͵ʲôû
ͷ΢һֻ죬ԭһֱŴҾܳԶ쵰ˣɺֻġ
ȷʵܴͦû
ԽԽͨˡ
ʵŶһһŹʲôʱˣŹʥϣѾˡ
˯ˡ
ʵһߣڿȥˡ
ٹһʱͿԳˣС̫࿴Ҳ˿

ڶճʱƮСꡣ
µľת
һ˺ü磬ȥ뽪ٴʱԽԽ
ºĸڳӡ
ϴҲһæ
¼ûģģ԰λ˳ԼȥߦƤˡ
ĸЦ꣬ϴθһӰڣѾ깤ˣЧǳҪСһȥơ
Цõġ

Ӧ͵ûûأݡ
½ʱ߸մõ׸塣
վһԿһᣬʦֻˣ׼Էˡ
Ӧһ±ȥ֡
һŤͷ»վ鰸ǰûߵ˼˵
µͷ
˻
˫˻ۣ²ŵˡ
˵ϴµľƾúܲЩ
ⲻŽ¡
˴̶ӵľ֮⣬Լȷʵ˼ͺСõġ
ȻҲãҪǮġ
ԣµ´ŵӴ
пͻҪɢҲ
ؾˡ
˵ģһ¡
صûóס
˼ڱصá
ģ͸Ͳ
ºЦҲ
ͷǾͲ£ҵ˻ɲ⣬δζܷ׻
ôһ˵ûؼ˸ͷ˿رĿɽ治ˡ
ڣعҪǵľƣǲġ
˫һ£Ժ˵ʲôˡ
Ҫȥ͵
ǳԷ

յķĽӡ
ĸָ˹ƵģЦЩȫС°ġ
⼸Ұġ
ľͱȽˣ߰͡
°һۣɪʲôһӶѡ
δ䣬ĺϲĵҪԹøģֻӺԪֻӡ
£

³ɪʽҵ
ͻСûȥ˻֡
Ҳ
һԻʱСͻȻҽյõһϢӦð˾Ųʮ
֣Ѯɽ
˶֮󣬱ͣȥ˱߳ǡ
ʵ¶ʮľѾˡ
ıһ£еҲˣҴ嵹ûôؼļ嵹ǵһ
˭ֻǾԼжШ֮ɲϧ첻⡣
ԣλöпճĲ١
˵Ҷڽɹٵʱ򣬰ѺԺ˸ϡ
ʵǱ߶׼ˡ
ļٵģ
Ժһ㶼ģһδ̫Щ
С˵˰˾ŲʮЩûԺá
Ҫܲȥȱѽ
Ҳ˵ںԺá
˶ͦչ˵ģڵͬǳɵȱʱʱĶһѣĶͦ
ټ϶ҵһӾͳˡ
ǼβأǱҲղȥ
СܣҶ˵Ĺϵ̸Ʒġ
£
ѽֻҪͷԸ⡣
ʵҲģΪǾ١
·һἶģû⡣
οֺã˵Ʒ׫ⲻΪũѾôʽ淢С
ŶһϸؼһƷЩְһ뵹еˡ
Ʒһ㶼ǸְڵĶиͷ˾Ʒ֪ʹ졣
СǺһڸв֪Ϊ˴ƷƷô׵㵹ûˡ
͵Щլأ
Цլǳ͢ˣϾڴ̣Ӻĵر
˫Ѿһˡ
׼ȷ˵³Ϳʼ֣ЩԮһȥһõǮƵģһϼ£ǮҲˡ
ڳ͢ŷŪǮ
˵ʵǱҲùϾǲ뱱һҲȲҪͷˡ
ˣּ͢⣬Щڲ̫صģǮˡ
֪ϴҲ
һʮ
صĶˡ
ЩӾɱˡ
˱߳ԱģӰˣĵͷת
뿪ʱס갡ʲôʱ򽻸ѽ
·ݿڣҲˡ
˵ʵñеҪãҲʵʵڵĳɼǡ
ƹҲѧǣһᡣ
߱ͱǱڣ˵ڣƽʤˡ
ԣţһγڡ
Ͳʡŵ
ܡ
ܱұȥ
죬һ仰ϸˮ𼱻ǵģָ򲻹Ǽˡ
˼
˾¥ţһˣסʱǲû
껹ûڣ۵һЦ⻰ǲ١


걻еýһᣬ˸Ͻư档
͵ǻҪæ
һͷ棬˼ˣͻÿæһ
С֮Ҳ
ô˵Թﶼʦ㡣
ֻʵҲˡ
ѪǾµףˡ
Ŀĺ
а

һ£͸оʱ˲١
ڹӼǱֿˣֻ빫˵һʱЩˣܲټڿΡ
һҧڿΡ
꣺

һշӻҳͼСŶ롣
СµˣүǱߴϢԪסŹӺչ˴󹦡
һοΪʱЩټ϶⣬߽ĽʿЩĻɢ
Ǻڸϣ֣ôһȥ㽫Էýڽڰˡ
Ԫһȥ֣ϳˡ
ûԴ
˵ûû˼ʲô¶ǰͷ
ڽʱ򣬽Ԫһ
ھһӱͷٻǧ˵Ѿλȷˡ
ӷСӹȻӡ
ֻҪӰȫû˹ܾͳˡ
˵˽ԪףСֽŵʥѾΣڵϦ
ΪСͣǲˡ
֪Сµүš
һƣŵֱ
⵨Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ô˵µһ֣εǰʶġ
ҲȷƽʶģεʱȻУɲûи飬֣ϧ
֣
εضҲǻϵġ
ε˻ʵۣϵЩҲһһŵƵʡ
ֱһǰ˫ͨţε˵ҪҶӡ
֣Ͳ²ⶫǱǳˡ
ιɽȷһϢ
֣ͣĸϹȥһΪΪԼĺѡ
ڶѱ˰ѳ֣εʵѾֻҪλһ·εϾЩĻʵۡ
»вŵùˣһֱȨ˳ڱ˻ŵһ档
Ҳ˵Ѿ˻ʵۡ
εھ
Сµˣû°ɡ
ޣû£ԺͲһˡ
̯ϵʲôѽ
Ĭһᣬøͣ꣬һۡ
Сȥȥ
ͿޣȥܣȥΣ
һ
Ǿȥɣ
ܱȵһĺá
ʷ⣬ֲһ˵Ĵ
εðΣղһôٲȥоҪúһӡ
ͳЦЦɱȿ޻ѿ
ĿСºһţ󣬻ȥˣȥԺС߸˳ɣֳ˼
£

ȵ죬ͺС²Ż
鷿ƻţͿ˽
ĵط֣ھЧıԺ
Ϊ׼һ˫ͦƽġ
˵ԼĳɳԵĺһû֮⣬һ١
ѡˣƾٶ˳˳ˮġ
ʦķС޻̸ĺѣһͻݵδޡ
εеĻҪ⡣
ĬһǱ˶
һղһգʱ޶ˡ
һѵļצͲȥˡ
ڶգ١

һգصңͼ鷿
һˡ
Ҫ˭ˣתһ룬ָ֪˭ˡ
͵˵֣Ѷ֣ıְ񣬵ʱһع
Ҳƣĵط
˵ӿ˴ʱ
Ҳſһᡣ
ʱһ
һۣⶼˣ޲ҸضȥĨ˰꣬Ȼȥˣһȥ
ͷļ磬ʦֽڰ
Իһ
ûĸˣǳˣ
ܰɣͷһûûѹ
ĸϴμʱ˻ġ
ҡͷǣʦžһЩ顭
£
Ҳ뵽̫үүүүˡ

ͻȥҲһԼҵˡ
Ƹһᣬŵ꣬͢Щ˼ҵĳӵլ۸ı˲٣Ҫһװɡ
˵լӵǰ˳ˣԵòô
ʹˣ˵ʱҸõķˮ
ٰ£ڰڷˮʲôġ
֮˲
ο궼ǺˣЩˮҲ˵ġ
һѵûǮ
µǧ
һִһľƣ˰˰ǰǰϵǮڻǧ
ĸж١
ղŻƸУ븸ĸһӾըëˡ
Ҿ˵⼸ͦá
ˮࡣ
绹̡
Ǵ⡣
µʲôҵģһˡ
Ⱳûˡ
ҪȻÿ
̾Ϣò״˵꣬Ŵһó϶һʲС룬
ôͱϱˡ
εȥʰɣҵġ
µͷһЩ½ˣ˼ҰѺõլӶˡ
꣺




128.  318-320   լ+

ڶ, úڳϻѣֱȥի
ƹѾЩûˣһӭ
Щû, ¿
ƹû˵, ƹ, ҽչ, Ǹ𣿡
ƹĵ̾˿
Ȼġ
ֹȻ, Ұ㡣
ЦӦһ, ȥԱȥˡ
Ҫ³, Щӳ˽ѧϰ֮, øֵܻٿС
ٰЩ¡
ôһƣͻȻ֣һǶǱߵԾ
ڱһ䣬Ҳòοǵ𣿡
СЦΪ˫𣿡
Ҷ, ֣ս޲ʤĹŴ¶¡
͸Ƶ, ʱյĶ໶ѽ, ڻǹԹԵ֣
Ǳ㱸, ˵, Ծһ˲
Ĩ˰亹
Щ˵СϢȾȻ߳١
رһݶʮԾ
˳ʮͷ׺ͶǰʮĻ¸
ôһǺһ
Ϊдò, ʱһֱŬ֡
дúõҲ
ƹһѵϣһǮա
˵ʲôǸҵõģҲ, ǮһҪ
ƹҪȼŰɣ´ǽʱһô
ҪȻ, ָĶ鷳ֲǲ
֪ǲա
ƹлӸˡ
⼸ÿ¸իŷ棬үļ۸رãʮһţڻĸˣ
ټϸ꣬һǧ塣
ֵǱ߻һȦѸһ㣬Ȼǳƽġ
ôã
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Ϊضүǰһ⡣
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е㣬ҲĽĴլӣһС԰˵һҷ±Ƚء
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Ҫɻ䣬ҵǿԼ©
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˫һۣ˵һ
ǰ˴ź
Դ˵СҲլӣ
ЦأλҲ𣿡
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걻ɵЩĪʱȣžˮһϻҲûֱӼųĿĵܡ
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˵ֻǼ¼Ǳү÷үŵ˼䡣
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129.  321-323   

°ϻƸĵַȥլӡ
һ, ѡ˽տլеһͼҶ̫Զ
Ľլӣ۸ǧ, ǲô, ˵Ǯ, СͶӦ, ʵڲһЩ
ΪլĿǰլġ
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Դе󣬲ǴмȡһЩҪϢô˵ϱǸŮˣ
һ
´ѣȻһ˶ˡ
ģ쵽ôģ
ھʹ̿㣬
ǣͷֹĺߺߣԣˣ
ûӹϣȥϴȥˡ

ʰã緹ûԣųһȥš
һ·һ仰û˵
Ϊͷʹ
Ѿһһ֪ظл
͵û˯ãڳ˯ᡣ
껹۾
߰ľ˯š
ʹүͬ˰
Ɐ¸˿ǵĽƬƵģһһٿ
̾˿
ֱӵʦ֣˭ͻطģ
͵Ǽһ𡣡
˵˯Ѳ㽫Ѱˡ
ˡ
ǰһʹ
ֲլӺôҪأһѵ˵ˡ
ĬĬһᣬҪ
Ҳˡ

Ҫ
Ǳߺòȥһߣ¾߿ķţֱӸ͵ȥģ




130.  324-326   +Ǯ

һֱæ׼ϯʲô, ֺȶˡ
ȫչˣ˺ҹ˯š
һֱ˻е¡
ֱ˫ҪĿ, γ, ԿߴߴⲻϺȵе, ԡ
, ͷ
˵Ż²ӡ
ָһ, Թ, Ŷͷôܴ, Ϊã
һӡ
ٲץ, ӾҪˡ
˵ˣͷܻͦӭġ
вٴ˵ҪˣԼҹŮǿԽܸ
⻰, оΣʮ㡣
οͷá
С˵ģլҶ˸Ūġ
Ҷ˭, һ֮֮ϵĴڡ
Ҳ֣Ტۡ
, ˵ٲץ, ô졣
֪˵
˵ȥҲֻԼԼ, Ժҵٹܡ
ߺ, Ҳ㣬㽫ȥѽ
ֲ˵ĿͻǱ
ھҲ𲻳ˡ
ǱߺܿƲˣһ˵ʱ˭ѽ
ºǺһ, 㲻˵ԼɱҪȥȥѽ
Ų䣬һˣвŮ, ӣ˵ˣǼͷӹҲʹ
棬κ¡
ҪʵеúܣؼԸ϶ȥ


½ջҪ졣
ϴñȥˡ
ʱɿֱӵģ˳־

»ʱմӾ
˫һۣεƲƲ죬ͷϴ
ºЦϴˣ
ͷ²ͣٳط䡣
ĬһᣬҲȥӷŵϡ
ϴ˵ȥ֮󣬾Сǳǳӣպе࣬ˡ
лԱߴͷ
ºǺżת˸˻˰Ա
ŵһ£ʶؾԱŲŲ
ºЦ갡ǲǸúúġ
겻
һ뵽ԼϱŸү͸ӦĻš
Ҳûָܷɶ֯һԵʵɣҾãˡ
Ȼ֪˱˴˵ĵϸ
ҲûҪŤŤˡ
ޣûү
±Ǻˣ˺һŵ˭ˡ
ƲƲ죬ίޡ
ļ磬ɶܶᣬ~
磬ͷ
µٴ꣬Ҫͺˡ
ͣϵĶ
ºЦǰôû֣ǸӰ
ʳܲס죬Сر𰮸ɾ˵еɵˣȻû
˵껹ͷġ
ŲӵʵүԲöô飬е㲻ϰߡ
Ҳ֪ôݡ
͸һ
ֻ֪֮ǰദõġ
֪ԷʵݣٺÿƤң˵ʵڲסĵĨš
ڴžָо
˵壬A쪵ġ
仰˵ǾŮ񼶱İ
һ뵽ŮǸͷͻŵһ
ĥĥ˭ô˵Ǹүˡ
걻һŵһ£Ͱ͵ؿ
˿㿴ô𣿡
ƲƲ죬ǲϣǸү
ͦŤ
±ˣòôʮĺүŲҳ㡣
𾪡
ʪԽСһӣ˺ڣˣٲԾˣٳԵСϻ𡣡
Ŷһ
ǰųţž˹ȥ
ӣôô㡣

ӣڲôˡ
ԴҲ˼ˡ
òϣǰµˣʵɶҲû
ôһ룬͸ˣԷʱһɨ˴㡣
ҨٺȵҰĢ
лһȵʣȥԺСˣҲһȥˡ
С¸˰
ͷ𣿻һء
ҡͷֹһ䣬ҳóѽ
ƺûżС㣬լô
ʱȥơ
һ˵լӣеۡ
ڻǷٵծأǰС߷ųͷתȦϽʻȥˡ
ⱾѾβˡ
ǰǰһˣһ²һᡣ
м俼ԺϾûôʣôѾʮˡ
Ϊջծӽ쿪ʼÿ컭Сڡ
ȡǰϵɡ
ү˵ף¹ɽʫҪʼ׼ˣʱǰǰæ¡
Լܾûʱ仭ˡ
뵽ˣ͸ˡ
˻֮⣬ö໭õȥ
ͽ𼸸ʱͼߣӣֹ˵Щʲô

սһ̲סˣǮ治ż
۵Ļ£˵Ƹ˶ǧټһЩӰˣĸϵӸ˸⡣
һˡ
˵ѣҲûˡ
ձ
ԼСҲˣûϸ㡣
Ǿ͸ʡľ¥¥жʮ
⻹ֻġ
Ǳߵû㡣
һЩӰ˵ĶԼҲûϸ˵ÿ굽
ûЩ⣬Ҳвˣڶ˵ֱǾţһë
ߺ֪ʦڲƴ֣ǷǮ̤ܲʵ
ʵҪ½̴þˣǰյǳ͢϶Ӱ죬ʱȥҲû
ԼûǮûˡ
ؼǼڲơ
Ʒ̴ֻܴˣӺù˲ؿ
ʲôʱؿ˭˵׼ء
ǵúʱ򣬿ūһӵ̣أĵۡټ´ҵܹˡ
Щϵף뺺ȼֱ̫
Ŵ꣬͢ʹ򲻶ˣʱ򻹲ҪǮ
֮һжǸδ֪׬ǮǵǮиǧ˰Ҳš
ͻӻ֣аɣɣ
˰Աְĥīˡ
еܳʦֱ߯˵ɣŵ
ɤӵ²Ҫ𣿡
ĸһ£μЩݿ϶Ҫġ
СǾ˾ǿųģԣײϢģμ˶࣬ʱʮ϶еġ
룬ܲס
ҵʲôأûģ˽Ժһ£˿϶סˡ
л
Ц

Ͱĥ˻īҲ˲ˣһʰˡ
ʰ˻ߣһ˻ṦΡ
˳˹϶˵һţ¼
ص
æ˺æ˽
ôҹŵһ⣬òϸ˯һоãֹ䴲˰ɣ
˼ξܾµҾǵ»˵ĺá
ŮŮС
˵ɣǸԵݲǡ
֪֪׵ģ˽ĸһЩ
̹׵ظ꣬ԼԽǰԱԼְҵ
˵ؿꡣ
ͦࡣ
ݣĽ㣬үͻȻ磬һʱе㲻̫Ӧ
ĬһԽǰŮʮꡣ
û̸
ûǣ˵֣鶼δͳȥһ⡣
룬ʵͦġ
ΪС岻ã鶼Щηηŵġ
룬Ϊʲô󵨵ȥ
Ҳһˡ
µȻԺû취ˣ硭
û˵꣬ͱ磬ʱ䲻ˣ˯ɡ
Ÿͷߣһһֿţ㽫˸Ūš
һʱеɵۣ⻰û˵أͱ˳Ȼһ̧ͷͼ۰Ͱ͵ؿ
£
Ķ
˿תס׼ŵգҵȥμһϯ㵽ʱһ¡
һѽ
ôûյӡ
һѼҰģͲСվһȥ˳Ҵ档
Ǳ߲Զ
ʾסˣ˾ȥ㡣

»Щġ
ڶգʱĵһ߽һ߶ȥ
ֵӣеͻˡ
꽫£һֱͦͻݵġ
͵յͻһ˵ջǳӡ
ϰࡣ
һôˣͻͷһο¸¡
еˡ
ţ֪Ǹˣǰ̫ףϵģȻ
ʣµӶˡ
ݸţʦҲûȵúóԣҲպˡ
ͰǿƤš
ھ£½ȥĶ
ʦɩһȥμһʲôϯ
˵Ҳȥһȥˡ
ЦǲȥҲȥˣ
ֻһ

˵˺ԺԶԶƼ־վſڡ
˸ǰҪк־Цر˵լѾˡ
Цѽá
־ȥҵҶ𣿡
꣺
־Ҳû˼ܲҲԼһ¡
Ρ
˵Դ˺͹˴˶ҹҶˣլӵҲûԣլѾ£Сˣǧ˵ȥ
©˷
־ʵĻǾˡ
ʵڲ˼ΪڽҶӵ黭Ҷ˲ŰôһæҶ˵Ĺϵûæ
־Ц֪ģҲǲͶҽ

־ˡ
ǻ಻Ը
ˣԼҲǼβˣ߶߶
ظЦЦ׾ͺã׾ͺã
˵껹Էӡ

ǻǼͷ
⼸һЩ
ɵռ˶һʱĻˣ̻кûѾһ˽⡣
ôһǱȸտʼ˲١
ʱҪߣүס꣬մʦֶǼˣոǰӷ磬Сһɡ
Щɣһỹȥӡ
Ҫʦǰɡ
үЦС

û뵽Լ
˵Ҳͦϧġ
ʱƽʱʲôǣԴӺͽȴƽΪˡ
ݵǵ˹
ʱͽʱڻʡ
֪˶ûϿ
ΪԴ˾þ߲ȫûǰ޴ܣϢҲˡ
ô·ĻȷʵЩż
ͺһ·Լã֪͵˳̼ҡ
ڳѾˡ
³ţСЦӯӯؽ쵽˻԰
ԶԶһȺСм䣬ӵĲ֪ʲô
Сһ̧ͷš
죬֪¾ڶŮ˵壬ﻹٲ˵ӸԣһòСеѳֲס̲סҫ
ԣ»ͷʱͶǳߴ
۶ԱߵСƼûǸЩľرޣС½Ĺˡ
С۾ȴɨ˼ȦٺЦƼˣλָ׳佫ľλ
δ䣬ͱס졣
Ц˵һ˹
ʱЩһͷСǻָ
һԼ´μʱ䡣

µǰʱĺӶ췭ûˡ
ºǺˣ߰ɣ
ԶԶۻ˻֣Ÿһ˳̼ҡ
˳;еڡ
Ǹѽм䣬ʵе㲻˼
ûԾͽ
ʹ϶ȥͷš
ݳҲġ
ղʱҼݵĳء
СʱæýŲմصģʱˣ˶Լַʳġ
û󣬱ƴŪ˳ᡣ
¼ʱĲ̫ˣֻͦЦġ
СɵӣòΪǹȥռ˼Сı˰ɣ
ĵȥ²ŵһʶ˰λСλﶼǵĲˡ
⼸Ҳ½½ʼЩ˼Ͳˡ
󲿷ֻǶʮ·Ժ
Ҫǰɪģ˳԰ӷ
Чʵõġ
⼸λС۲£ȫףѾڽԺ׵ģʣµĶӶꡣ
֪ڽɪ׼¡
һҪȥƣҲҪ
ԣ꣬⼸һ׼³
鲻̫ãʮӸļ۸񣬻ҪҪô͸ˣûʱ䡣
£

Ҳ˵Լʲô˵ġ
ǿͦ˳ۣҲ֪˶پӡ
ſڣһӾߡ
Ϳ˿ܵñӻ꣬̽ͷ£Ը˸ʣֱӴӳ
ģһһ㶵ġ
صҾȥϴˡ
ֻ鷿
˸裬һ룬һ鷿ˣ̲ס֪ˣʱ͸㻭
µ㹤˳ģ
ûУ
Ϸϲɺ÷ҲϲɻָҶأȻǰΡ
˳ĵĺأ
ôġ
ӻ֣һֱңҾͿˡ
üǵʱͻúÿһЩмλҪ޵ģѵͼͻӦܶһЩ
ͷֻ
¼ǣջЩС˵رϲǣŮͶĹϵĽˡ
ŮǿϢӲίԼִ׷ӣ̫Ķˡ
֪껭ģһֱûƹ˿̼ˣվԱһ
꣺
֪Ҿͻɼˡ




131.  327-329   ӷ++

ӲͷƤ, ŻһϵĻ
ֱˣų˿
ΪڶգǳԷ, ȥһ¡
͵Ҫȥط¥ɡ
һ, ͸оͷƤһ
֪, ȥԺô
ȥط¥, Ǳ߸պǱߵĲϵ
ȫǻġ
ʱܳԵĶû, ǻط¥زò
˶λ, С˵һ, ʱȥط¥²͡
弸û, ʮӦò롣
ʲôλĲˣҲ˵׼
ÿιȥҪôСͣҪô, ˻ûܺúû
СµǶʮһӦòɡ
̲סһ䣬Բۡ
벻ˡ
ڻծ, 䲻ôһ, ŵƤˡ
һ, ָ
Ǳصͷ
Сµ, СĵõһϢ֪˵˵
صģ
Сû뵽, Լϵȡôһºš
룬ϴβү𣿡
ܴһӣ, Ҫ˵ãʵҲá
δζܻΪġ
СҲû, ˶ˡ
ߵý˶ץˡ
˵ϵõıץα˼ҵУ඼߹ġ
̫ʵ˼ա
˵ǰؼ̳үˡ
ʱйϵƫƫǺˡ
С¾;֣ⲻֵһ£ε㶫ˡ
붫Ǳϵ
εˣλˣĿǰͲ鲻ˡ
Сڸ˵ڻط¥Ǽأܱܾȱܡ
ףл
֪Сǿ϶ʲôɸ˵ܡ
С¼ûʱģֵүǱͦ˳ģҸߴˣʲôֻȥҶˣҪҵģԸСģһиðһЩ
ڳ͢õ֣ٹһЩҪͷҲˡ
οС¡
ЦСµл´θүȥţ͸ھͦõģģսϵۣԼౣء
ˣϵǱǰɣǼһһЩƣҪ´θ˼̳ӡ
˵֣ϲ֣ڵľǷŵǰģԹζ
СЦУ˹ȥҸү̳ӡ

СǶͼ¶һˮվſڡ
ĨС磬㲻ôչҡ
òϰߡ
ǾãǰĴүȽϺദ
°ԼҪȵġ
˿Цһȥ˯ˣ
˵žͰŸˣһקסָק˻Ҫ˳Է
ͷµʵҲʶϼҵǸԼҡ
ģӦԹӡգнʹ޶ɣү͡ҲڻûԵˣҲ˵׼ˡ
µ֪ǻԹš
ԣҲȥ
꣺

ڶ죬굽ź˽¥ʰá
׼ɵҲ½½ˡ
ǣɶ˸޶ͽ÷ҲСЩģֱˡ
Щ졣
һһܣ֪ⲻϴʦʦһ𵽼ҿļ
ʱҲǡ
ĳ͢ˣ˵ְλߣһ棬⼸ֻŹģúһˡ
ѧҶ˵ӣ΢΢ЦˣˣҺСؾͺˡ
ϾͶ࣬еı١
ͼǵɪӣˡ
Цʱڮʱ绹е㲻̫ţ֤ʵ
겻˼ˡ
Ҫռ˾ҵĹ⣬Ȼμӻῼ϶ࡣ
ԴһңΪ˰ȫ룬ûýԴ˽ٮٮ߿϶öʤ
˵˵׼ء
ָ깦Σ޶Ҳʶ
÷үرĻҲٶˣٴα˱Ե
ү˵Ǽ϶͵͵ʣµĻȹһ飬ٹһ顣
ү˵꣬÷үǼȥԱߺȲȥˡ
ǰæ¼ġ
޶Ҳ˵˵£ǵ˵䣬оرרҵ
꾽ǵѧɲĵС£ĸλʦǰŪ
һʵͦʦеġ
ûڰʦӳҲûʲôëãϾһǧء
ʦЩҲǺ󡭡ˡ

Ҳ˵˼䡣
ǴҰĿⶼʱֻӲͷƤ˵ˡ
ԷʱͷСµʮ˲Уٶඨһ
СʳйֵҪ
ԼҪ뽭ǳԷ¸ͻͻһ¡
СȻʶôˣ
磬ǰָѧء
СȻҽպ˻ȥ˽ϿأȻҲܸȥٷʶѡ
Ц˰ɣԷ
СٺЦ˵ģϴҳԵóԣҪ
ͷղУҵȥҶСϿΣҪɡ
Сָͷһ㣬òҲûˣЦűӦ
׼뿪ʱźУ˰̡

ҲҪ
СʱͰ˸ˡ
һѾǻû·ء
¿˿ֻͣŤͷȥˣ˻Ѳϵĳ
ͺԾغСͷ
оôݳȥˣ
Ӱ˱飬۾ֹؿʼ
ϸһᣬҲڱɶ
ооƵģ԰˳꣬˵¡
ֻۿ˹
ƲƲ죬֪ӢԼҴŮһ¡
˼ҪҶġ
ּġ
˽˶ƣüǮ
µͷʲôʱʱ䣬Һø˻ظȥǼҡ
ҪͼԷˣ۸϶ڵĲһ
ľǹڰģˮ·һпܴȥײΨһĳʱ
ͼʽֻù棬ΪЩ
˽˶ƾͲһˡ
ԣ۸൱ɹۡ
Ӧʱ䣬ɡ
µС
׼ˣԶ˼䡣
˵˼լӴǰʰãҪҪȥ
ͺĸҲǾǰҵġ
Ҫٰɡ
סôãסˡ
µҲС
ºֳ˼Ǳ߽¡
˵
ھʣϺ˫ˡ
ΪƷͣˡ
ĸ򸸣˻سǣ˵ɱˣǵڼ±ζ
ϸʱ˵ġ
ǻ⣬ΪûˣܵҲûǰˡ
ڼٶˮˡ
ϴ˵
ͷһӦˣߵʱȴˡ
˵ʲôڼ˫տŵ
Ʒ˵ˣͷĶȴ٣ټºһĶĵأȷʵɶ
ûȡ
˵ûɶӰ죬˭֪ʲôȷأϼǱߵȷǰȫࡣ
ĬһҪȱԺеǻᡣ
˾ôһ䣬һĵ˻ط¥

ճԼ֮⣬ɺ÷ɵˡ
һʮˡ
мҲºŮˡ
һû귢Բ˲٣Ŀ䵽ԼĶϣ§µһȥҿ
Цϲϲ
ЦֻϲѽҲҪŬ
궼ʮˡ
Ҳˣ°㶯ûá
ȥ˸ڰӵȥˡ
£
ôͲ

˶࣬Ҳĵرࡣ
÷ү˵ǵʱȥʱһЩ⡣
÷ɵĻһɫرḻ
֪о˼⡣
궼һһش
÷үˣȫԳˡ
꣺
ú˵˿ñӹ˵ġ
Цү⻰ǲ٣ʵ갡Ҫлᣬ㵹԰Щдǲ飬ǻʦ˵ҲһֵѧϰͲοĶ
걻˵öЩĶЦһͷԡ

÷ɵ÷ʮһ÷ţҲţμԵġ
ʦˣſʼǹѧʷ顣
˵ͶڹӼΣ˱һЩӼν¡
ҪھĻһҪȥӼģǶǲġ
Ǿˡ
ǱʯҲǾ˵ݡ
ƽʱꡢ͡˺СȥΡ
һҲȹӼò
Ǳ߶ĶˣӼǱߵѧϰΧܲһ
Ͷǿ˵ıʼǣѧ˲ٵĶ
ô˳һ·նһֱãıʼǹû
үʱҲ֪
ʾȥ˽ϿΡ
÷ŵգشʱ𣿿ɷǹȥơ
û
ЦոպҪȥ˽ϿΣúһȥ

ԴҲȥơ
ôһҪȥ˵ǻͦࡣ
ʵû뵽һӷ绹˽ѧ
ֱʱүٴʱһðһ
¹ɽʫῪʼ֮ǰиüĿ
һʫ͸ˡ
һڿˮ
֪үⱲǸĲˡ
&gt;_&lt;

˳ͷµɫе֡
ΪȾˣڳ˸ӡ
»ӻ֣ʾԡ
ֻ
ĥĥǵù͸ˡ
ôջˡ
һھ飬⻹ˣ˺󻹸ʲôطӹ顣
˵ȥݰݰϡ
¿˵ŵˡ
ƶᣬּңοŵͻ
СĺǾʹˡ
ԽԽëѽѵ己ֳɡ
ڳһӵ
ȳͣȾȥ
ȻݵϴͰôһ˲ȻӦ
ƾʲôҪѽ
үʲôӰһСһϣȻԼƽȥˡ


ڶʱѾʰˡ
ѴҲƽʱЩȻۺĸһµƷλ˲١
ֵҪȥĶ
ĥȥ
겻֪ȥʲôֵǺһȥ
µͷջ˵ˣΪ·;ңԶסһϣԣγŻһСӡ
ͷװ˼ѡ
ʰˣֻԼҵˣֻ˵һ䡰ÿġˡ

Ϊ½ϰء
ΪĽ˵һ䣬֪ԺͲҡ
ûϵİӣŻعζЦѽҪһȥ
ͷˣ֪һЩס
ӵ¡
ֻˣǰݰͷ˼
ȴ˹ѵǵãҲӡ
ۡ
ֱӱǺסˡ
ȵࡣ
״޹ĺ󱳣㻹ðɡ
ޣ̫ã
ЦǿЩ󰡣
Ҳٶˣ˵үдһ¡
⵹ǿд
ÿɶһʱ飬һʱĻ
ٳȥ·ϺͳԷʱ䣬æЩϵҪд͵˯ʱ䡣
ĻϾ᲻Ȥˡ
͵ҵǾã˵һ£ʱʱһ鼮ǲûС
Ҳпڹעһ档
Уȷʵ̫ࡣ
еȻ̫ȷеõĲرŹ֣Ѱ˸š
дֺͨܳĶ䡣
˵Լרҵ;ûͣ
˺ԺЩδ

յĹһ
ֻһٷ÷ɵĹϵˡ
ҵĬҲˡ
ɼλȫ̶Ǻ
Էʱү¡
Ժÿдһʱɡ
üһһͳҲûʱʱȫˡ
ǰʱʱˡ
ǰ˺ˣ˽ʿˣѹ˵ġ

绹ȥҶϿΡ
ʱ䣬ϽˣΪӦүĺ٣ԹԵش˸ٳ
ڶ죬յԺ˾ͯ
껹˼ʲôء
һ˾͵갡ʦ˵дһϷ顣
üĿˣ
ֻðϴһʱĴٸ˳
˿ֵûͦϸ˺ü㣬Цʲôʱɣ
꣺
ǱүȾ˰ɡ
˵ʦ˵ڽʫϸƣǲܳƷʱֳһӦҲԵİɡ
ֻӲͷƤҰܲܳʱд
£ʵǴ֡
˵ԣҲֲܡ
ף˵һȥˡ
һͣ˵ԴˣԴЦСٶȿ湻ѽȻϷǰͷլӸˡ
˶լӣ
ԴЦǰƵϱһ
Цǹϲأլ治
͸֣߲۸ԱЩ
ҪҶ˺ǴҲᶨһ
Դһլӵ£ȥǶ
һ鵽˶¥ʱѾˡ
үˣʼĻ
æչȥϸ
æµӹ÷ɿ졣
Ǻ޲ýʱɺü롣
Ҫôʲô
֪͹ȥ˴£ʼƮ׷ѩ
һգڰԭһˡ
Ÿү鷳ҿʲôҪ޸ĵĵطһ
үٶȿ湻ѽ
ԭˣǰ¸㶨ˡ




132.  330-332   ʫ+

걻ֱȦ
ʱ˰칤֮, ϻȥæǰһϴں˵ð, ôһֻڳϲˡ
˵ʵ˯߲, ӰԼ
Ϊڳ˯, ;ͳԵе㽫, оʱһЩ
ѱʼǱү, Լһȥæˡ

Էʱ, үǼ˶һ顣
ʦȻ, ɲò, ÿֲ϶ֵرϸ
ණû
༸һ˶ԣȻܶԵϡ
Ҳ
ĹĵĸƵģϲԵŹҲˡ

үѶںֲһЩ㿴Ҫ𣿡
߳Ա߷ʼ, ҲУǰڴɵ˹ŷԭ, ׼󡣡
ΪеĲʵ̫, رİ, ˸С½ڡ
չϡ
үЦϷǶһ, ָһЩ
꾽˵˼ˡ
ҪٰҰѴٰѰѹ, Ҳ뵽ʲôͲʲôλʦæٹһ飬ʲôĲ
үã
յͷԷ, ʦشˣʦô㣬Ϊ, ôͲɿڼأ
̧ͷ˹ȥ
˫һۣʦƵü
ԱߵĵҲ΢΢һЦһ˹ˢˢؿꡣ
죬ǿķϣ͡÷ү÷үɵļλʦҲѽʲôԵĵطҲָһѵΪָλʦ֣ʦǾҪŻɲɣ
ʦ

ʦһʱϻ
ûԺþˡ
Ҷ극ʰʳʱүе갡ҾȻף⻰˵ͦ
ҪˣԿԴһˡ
ʫʱ˵ɵдģɵӼֱҪ̫󰡡
껹ûڣͻȻ˹ʲôģأѵ
УˣܱʫᣬΪɣɵģʫʧˡ
갵˿
үҲ˵˵ҡ
Цû¶벻ʵûʲô
Ҳá
ӼǱ߽黭˽ӺҶҶ黭
Լ˾ĵӣԼҲָտɴˡ
үߣҲʰˡ
ʱľл͹
֪Ѿٷˡ
һᣬпѣǰһֱϲ˲̫࣬ôһƼֱҪ̫ࡣ
Щǻúõġ
ЩòôģǸࡣ
òô벻ɡ
˵ʱģվ͵Щɵˡ
ÿʫһ֮С
ϴε˵ʵϲǰá

ЩæýŴס
һոյڣͼӱͣ
͵߸ģ
ŲϸƣիģҲġ
һ룬ڲʮһ³ǰŽ˸ţһַŻǻӡ
һţ֪ġ
һס
Էһôᣬһʱе㲻š
˫һۣһЩӵشˣ
ͷ
Цʫġ
жѳԱʹЩʦκ
˵ˡ
ȷǰϵãŶû˵
κͬأĥŸòؼҵİɣһеͷƤ飬Լ˵£ҪЮ
˼תǧأȴһ±״
꣬ɵĻʦǡ
ֵ֪ǺԺشˣϸһ֪ϴʫ϶εҶݡ
ˡ
ȥЩɵĻʦΡ
͸¹ɽʫǳ͢ģʫһЩϲ黭īԷ֯ġ
ЭЭȵȲ롣
ƽʱ˻̽ѧ֮⣬黭
൱Ѻúг
һȥΣһʱеܳ
ϼʱմμ˱صʫᣬʱɲнЩ˸һЩŽʲô
ǽòá
ѳղŻе㻳š
κЦ˿ˣƹĻ֮κ˶δģƾһ㣬ܱȵˣο¹ɽʫ󣬾Լã黭Щ˱Ȳ˵ģ˵ĿΣЩ֮ء
οʫҲֹ黭棬עصѧʡ
ôһ̽ݣˡ

ٿЩʵЩæ
˼þա
˵ַˡ
ͽͳš
͵㲻һֱ봴ԼĻҵǾһûᡣ
۵һˣǾ˵ɱ档
͵ҵǾòǺ
˵̫ЩӸɵ˼ٷˡ
ʲôĻãʲôĻá
һУǿܶƳô
ûԹ⣬ҲܵģڽĻЩĻһԱȣߵͳˡ
ĻƼ򵥣ʵȴء
ʯͷԱߵһСݣ͸ʫ黭⣬˾Ȼ
νһҶ֪Ļֵ쾡¡
ЩڵĻȫһġ
һס죬ʦ֣ǲҲ˼پơ
˵һһ׵ġ
ʲôһҶ֪ѽҲǰҶƬ紵˳򻭵ģ۾һ֣ҶƬɨҶľʵҲôһ°ɡ
Ŀ֣ˡ
ţУѽ
Ż
֪ʲô벻ģÿóһҵĳղŻһ̳ӡ
˵ʲôԺͷԡ
ղžֱֻġ
ǹɳζǿУҲƮõǡ
ղпڣû˼ᣬڱһ죬ֻθһ󷭹
ضˡ
̧ţǾġ
һתͼ´ͷˡ
껹ûк¾ס˱ӵʲôζرըˣ
꣺

ĳĸ֮⣬µ˾һԶ֮ı顣
º̳ͣӸõԺȥԺԣԼڼԱ߳ٻ
ʱζӦòôˡ
һѾڰɣҾóԵġ
ĸͷСǰҲϲ
ЦǸƷλˡ
һưۡ
Ǳ˵һȺ˶ûƷλˡ

Ѿóʱˡ
¶һ̳ӣΪҶֻͷܵԺȥˡ
ųС졣
С߸Ѭˣ
꣺
ôֲ

Щӣ϶鷿׷ǵġ
Ϊܲ˳ζû
վſǹİɡ
ĳ
УΪҲϲġ
ϾͬһʱʲôϷۡģһرܻӭ
±µֱ̫ʽŵ㻭ͳ
Ǻ
Űɣ
ûԱߣо泩˲١
ǣڶϳԷʱֳ
½Ҳ˶ԲߣŪʲô㣬ûͦãʱںɰ顣
ζŨһӱ嵭˳ζ
ⲻʱһ̰õӡкõĹӣһջ衣
յŶԱһߵһ߿
磬ҷرа
ǰ϶ٻˡ
ڵãϸظƵĶ
϶˼ˡ
µȷʵеʱ䡣
˵ؾôѾҪʲôͻˡ
ʮŪöӦ
ڽɪҵôʱѾˡ
ԣеʱ䶢ͼֽ
껹˵ʲôʿʼ
˻ӣѾˣͣ죬
ٰ
ͽʱͼͦгġ
껭°æֱǴеĺ㡣
˼ţ˻ȥֱ뿪ˣͲŴͷ꣬ջ鷳һ١
Ҫߣúȥһ£˳뷨ʦ¡
绹üˣҪˣӵܹ½½ĸϵ˾
һãʸϴϴͻվԭزֵʦ֣£
͵ͷǿʼտ𣿡
Ӧְ
˵һҪںڴ꣬ʱڣҶ˶˵ˣԺЩ˿ɻߵȥԵš
;ܲȥ
ȥܿսĵһϢ
ܱЩ;˵Ҫá
ͿЦ˵ʵһֱ˵ҵûʲô飬ʵϸôһ¡
ǰ˵ϣ֣ܽҲô롣
ֹԸȥؼҡ
ȥҶˣ
ҡͷȥˡ
һеûףԱ߶ܸ
ҪҶ˲ͬأ
͵Ҿȥԡ
ˣǷȥɡ

ӦһȥҶˡ
͵лл㣬꣡
˵ת鷿꽫鷿ʰãͻȻе㲻̫ζ
תȥ͵
͸׼˯һҪھʦ֣սɣ
Цµˡ
곤˿˺ܳʱ𣿡
͵ͷ
˵ҪԼؼʱ뵽ˡ
֮ûа취ϲôȥȥ˱лȥսģʱԴؼˡ
Ļᣬ˼ͻȻͻԾˡ
ʵٵôá
ĸʦɩ𣿡
Ͳؼңû۳ףĸòףӣأ
ĸʱھլӣˣˡ
Ǻһžˡ
оĸ϶ϣȥս
͵
Ϊžȥ
ܹϷȥǰΪˡ
ʦ֣ҾͦͿģ룬ǲǵȲˡ
û϶ΪһоҲа취ǻͻȥģΪʲôҪڣ
ȥˣҲûǻͻȥ
ܲ˵Щɣ
ǽߣҲ벻ţһĸż
ʱԼҲȥε϶Ҳ뿴ɡ
ʦֲĵȵȣԼʱ䣬Ҳʱ䣬Ҫûϲʱ´ǹͲȥҲû˵㡣
˫˵òɿ֮ͨ䣬϶Ҳܻͨ޵ġ
˵˶һҡ
ܣ֮ûѣʱôžôš
ͣ
ʦҵٵȵȣοðΣ㣬϶ϣ˵Ȧס
ĸ˭ϣԼĶŮƽ
᲻أڶ֮䣬Զվڶһߡ
ô궼ȹȥˣֲôһǰǰɡ
̾˿롣
һ˯ȥϴˡ

Щӣ̫ÿ춼
ϲţСš
ڶ糣
ΪͺĸҪȥׯϣֻȥ
С¼ģŵͷһвУ
굽ڻЩκء
˰û⡣
˵ŴҪߣ͵Ҫɣһڽˡ
ڰ֣û£Ҿء
˵̲ס˸Ƿ
ͺС¸𣬱ﳤȥ
һٴ˯Ҳɢˡ
붬£һһա
Ǵرͷסˣֱ顣
Сʱɿ
һ첽ǰͽû
ͷ
Сֵʲô£
ʱҲ̫˰ɡ
׺õĴʸ˳ȥȥˣ˵ǽļջʲôҲ̫ǵˡ
СŶһһ·һߴǷۿЩ۵ôȥͺˡ
һڣ˵˻Ѻ֥鶼
Сͷһϣôоͷˡ
꣺
ŲӰͷι⡣
Сôһ˯ȫޡ
ֱʱСͻȻԴ˹վͽˣʱһȥ˼ѽ
˫һѽ
˵Ѿв˽ְˡ
Ҳ֪Դʲôʱ򵽣յϢˡ
ЦСϲ
Сϲ̵ԴˣԺóԵġ
ͷһ̧ͷͼ˵Ѿ˶¥С˵һҲ첽ȥ

ЩѾ˹ɡ
ͷһ죬ЩСȹһ飬ڶүǹ
ү
ͽһŸСӣô˵ôд
үʱ俴Ĵ١
ͷβֹ飬ŵûȫ
տʼ˵ʱôƹʱ˵дٿţʲôҪӣ߻û뵽ʲô굹Ƕˡ
ǡ÷ү÷үٰơ
˵ֿ꣬һʦʦһҲ鷳λʦæ
ʦһֻûʦЦѽҲҳʶ
үǺѱӵݸ
űʵšͼСͯشˣͷ
˵һųȥˡ
⣬ͼǰҹĶѳκվſڡ
ӭ
ѳشˣˣ
Цˡ
˵˵̫ףʫһཻҲûë
κǿ̫ˣǵʱʫʱ䶨ˣشˡ
ֿ˼䣬ĵˡ
ص¥÷ү÷үŴٿء
ֵúϸɫҲǳɫĲͬηֵ࣬ҿʲôҪ޸ĵĵط
ɶɫûôԣһ÷ɵǱȽȨġ
лרĵ÷ү÷үˡ




133.  233-235   ʦͽ+ϯ+

÷ү÷үøϸһЩ
ʱʱ궤һɫơ
бƵ, ںв䡣
궼һһЦλʦҶԵֱԼ֪Ŀɺˡ
⿴־͹ŷϢ򵥴ֱ
÷үǻڲʵõĶ, дһó
꣺
, ֳɻˡ
˶һ, , ÷үѱӻ, ʲôҪӵ𣿡
÷үЩɫ, ʱ, ɫӡ𣿡
ͷ, 㣬ǲ֪ӡˢʱ㡣
Ͼԭձϸ䣬ҲЩƫ
ɱʱ򣬰ɫӡȥ, ɫϴ󣬻, ǾЩ鷳, ǲӡɫ, ⿴ֵȷ֪Ǹʲô
÷ү, ü˵ͼ, ǿͼٰɫ
͸࣬òƸֱ, ܿɫĶԱȡ
үЦã껹ܶ໭Ҿϲ껭̹
ʿˮ, ҵǾãôҵĻͼ˵
С䣬һٷ˼ҴлԺš
ͷ⵹治
ܴѡȽϺãɫȽϷḻ
һȰȵɵļ˶ûܴչ
ܴʦߺߵתҪȥ÷үͻȻܴʦʦɵʱҲɺã
ܴʦת˻ǻȥʦɣкʵĵǿùǵĻɫʵͦ򵥣÷ɵķḻֻµʱҲû֮ء
궼
ȷʵɺ÷ɶΨɵԵúΡ
ǣĬʵɫḻḻҪģǺ浹ǿһôҸֱ۵ɫڻеá
ɵĻ磬ɫȻ򵥴һЩֻһɫҲչʾֻѶȿ϶÷Ҫ
ȻⱾҪдɫƣԵЩˡ
Цش˵ûͷλʦȥЩˣȡʫڲͬһЩ
ܴʦ̾ϢҶڶǴǰˡ
һȺͷĳţֱ¡
ȷʵòһ֮ģܴʦ̾Ϣ

ã÷ɵĻԶɺɵĸ
Ѵһһʱʱ򽫴ٸĸġ
ȥּ˸ࡣ
ճᣬ׼ϣһζûУôûԣ
ͷҲû̧ûС
æˣĻʱԳѽ
϶ûԼڣĶǹϵ¡
ºߺߵЦǲѾϰζˣ
æûС
£Ҳụ̂ʿʼ
Ա߳˺һᣬ߰ҳˣɼǣˣ
ˣʮˣ⼸վȻɼǣȡ°ɼǻ꣬¸ٰβ
η۾͸ûʲôϵˡ
оԼÿ춼Ƶġ
ÿո껭ᣬֵϣӲһѵ
ͺǰҡ
¼Ҳر𷽱㣬ĺϲСҲæ
Ψһвǣȸ¡
ͼֻе˲źý鷿̫ʱˣȻͻܰ
ԣһշǳίһ¡
ֺڣ㲻鷿žֱ˵£αسЩ
æûУûУ鷿ģⲻʱ𣿴Ժϲĸ͹ȥô
治֪һүôϲСǵˡ
ĥĥаɣһŸһš
꣺

¶ʮ´˽ˡ
Ǵ˲һ꣬´˶ͱȶ׶ӻס
ꡢͣСӭŴѩȥͷˡ
´һĻѧ
˺ͺҲ·һھµʱľ
Ҳֻʣͷˡ
˫һ棬ʺãæ
ѧЦеײһ³´ˣƼû˵ʲôţĵӣκʽݹʦĶǿ
ǵӣֱһ衣
ڶϵˡ
ҲǣԸᶨ
Դͺ˾ÿһŲ˵иʲôյĻĶȥ
ϴȥ·´˺ѧиѧǴԼѾƺ͵ز
˵ллҵչˣûЩʹ˵İܿϽʿġ
ѧҲָѧ뿪˾뿪ˡ
˭ѽ
Ժٴμ棬ǻݷá
ġ
´Ҳסһп˵ţѾװóˡ

ǰ˳
´˺ЦϷӦûϵ̶ֳȰɣ
ѧͰɣͰɣ
˷ܱûǿ
ǣ·ϻôЩ죬۵ûţ⼷װĳϣϱ´˸סˡ
˵˵
ֻ
Сǰ䲻Ҷ˵´˸èƵģһ㶼Ų
˶ӡ󲻺ˣǰûһȫˡ
´Ҳûھ
˵¹ɽʫᣬԡ˾΢΢һ㶣Ҳеѽ
һ룬ĻͲܱѡ¹ɽʫָ֮С
ǣ´Цϲ¹ɽʫᵹǺܺء
˵ļúøɡ
ͷʦģѧһʦߵġ
˵´굱ʱ뿪ʱ˵ʲô˻ԣ˵ʦ˾ˣʦʽðˡ
һڣѧҲ̲סˡ

ȥҲμ˸´ˡѧĽӷ磬֪Ժĳ´ˣͬһģֻѾˡ
´ǹݡ

絽϶æ´˽¡
μӽӷ˻࣬´ͣһһҽܣҼѧѧ
궼ֻ˵ġ
м˽ãҶ˲˵ġ
һϣְӺ˼ƣȥʱѾʡˡ
ֱڶ챻СºѣЩԺġ
ȥϴãһžͼһѾ
л
²ͷʹ𣿡
ͷ
պȵľƲԼģ˵ʵۿڸлǺ󾢶Щ
ȻúȣȷʵھƼ۳÷ɿ죬˵ⶼŪȫġ
ã
Լ⺥
һѾƣ
µ߽ҺˣջȥլӿҪĵط¡
Ӧһ
ڳһξԺ˯ˡ

С¸ͷʱ붭ѳκպſͷ
С¸ʫҡ
ү⣬ʫҵˣ
ͷ
үӦˣ
ͷ
˵ôˣʲô𣿾ͼү̾˿Ҳͦá
⻰˵ʺš
ǽ͡
ʫᶼɵģȥμʫᣬһǶĿ϶Ϊɡ
˵ɣôҲǸʫᡣ
ʲô˶ܽģȥˣܰԼڻ̳ȥüΡ
޶ɲǣˣҲ㡣
Ȼ
˵ɣʵѾڵķˡ
Ц
˵һСһȥˡ
ιǸʫڶ¶ʮ˾С
Ϊһ졣
ʮûԣ³
֪µһգ㽫ڿεʱ䶨һա
ָͷһ㣬Ҳûˡ
ҵʱҪʲôй̶𣿡
ѳݸһŷ⣬ͷ¼˶ʮ⣬йڻģҲйڿƾٿԵģʱǶʱ
Щ⣬ʫұȽϹĵ⡣
ŷϸ顣
ƾٵݻռ˴롣
ϸһʲ֪ʫᣬ˶ţҪôˡ
еϿ˺ü˶ûеֹڻԡ
¿ƽʿЩҲ֡
ܸоֵֹġ
˵õȥģôͷȴһˡ
꽫ֽŷЦһ׼ʱ

˵ЩŤһ׼ʱμˡ
ڴ֮ǰʱѶʮ˹Ρ
Ҫݻд˱ʼǱϡ
ʫٰľ¥ŷʫ˱еĻҪࡣ
ѳܸҡ
ÿ˶Ϳģ׼õĶʮ⽲꣬꿴ʱ仹磬Цһʲôʵ𣿡
иڽ겻˼ѧﻹеʡ
ѾЩһһ˵ĺš
ıŤ˼ڵˣЦ뽲
ʵһǱߵ⡣
겻пȻͳһټˡ
֪ǱǲҲоǵĿƾ⣿
&gt;_&lt;

绹߶
ϻȥ͵طҡ
̶һʱ䡣
ѾЩռɽΪĴ٣Щڳ͢塣
Щڶϱߡ
ڱߣڹ˵ѳֳȴ˵ʥ
ûϱôң֣ĴȻռ˴Ҫ˳ſܻǰ򵽶ȥ
֣εĻԼѣԭȱڹؽˡ
񶫾ֳɣһֶ֧Ҫ˵ģһǷ֣һ֮һҡ
֣ڵĽȣԼⳡʵϲû
ΪңС¸ģ
ҡͷղǼҵҵ𣿡
Ǿ¥¥ʵǸϢ
컹ȥںˣȥϢͨ¥Ͼܴ
Щ˺ͺιһģȻҲһ
֪ȥˣ˿
֣Ǳ˳˳Ҳͷˡ

ӽأʱø졣
ÿææµµģʱŵ
ʮμС¹Ļ
´ûӣΪ´˳ĵӣʵĴ˸硣
ǰʱ걳ų¹ϵĻΡ
գʱ
С˰˴ؾصغһ硢硣
ףС˵ʲô°
͵Ĵ˸磬ͳĴ˸磬Ⱳݿ湻ҵġ
Ψһռ˵ľˣƽʱһһʦֵĺڵúˡ
źĵû£Ժûʱ㻹ʦ֣
СǼǮۿ

æ˳¹Ļ
´˺Ҳְµְλ
´ιһתʹ˾ʹ
ֳһʱûǵס֣ܸоǸʲ
ѧûְǵؾ˸ة
Ϊ˳ˣְȵĻ϶Сˣƽˡ
ʡλ̨ˣûôˡ
˵Ǹ̨ȴһʡʡݡ
´˻ꡢͺСȥ˷ⷽ飬֮ƽʱۣɵġ
ڹٳϸӲʱ򻹵ӲһЩúͿͺͿʲô鶼ðոȡ
һ±ƣİ
´õΣż˴Ҵææˡ
ʱͳ˶ٷ
һߴźüز˾ÿ˵ţϢ棬ȴΪ㡣
ģʦǶء
´ЦϷǲϷԺţ
š
Ȼǲϣߡ
´˵ȥҲԡ
ͷȷʵȾٿһЩһرɡ
´˸˷ף뿪

˳´ˣһӣ߰Ҫˡ
ϵᣬĸСҲҪˡ
˴˿̣Ȼе᲻á
ͺЦȻ᲻ãΪʲô໭᣿
ûвɢϯ
ҲҴȥҲҴҡ
¶ʮһգǽϵˡ
ǻʮᣬɼǻҪһЩͳʮᡣ
իûţɽ˹ȥ
ƹ֪Ҫᣬû뵽ٶô졣
˵Ҫǰġ
˳һ£˶ٲˡ
ƹǰӦܴﵽǧɡ
갵˿ƹ£ȥ
˵ɼǶ໭ᣬ̲סɲаʮ
ߣϼңŶǼ֡
ӣУٻᣬǲܳҵģҲܱˡ
꣺
㻹ˡ
㺢Ҫˣѵȥ˵Ӳ
ѪǺ
Ѹ첲ˣ˵ˣһȥЩ죬һҼȥء

ǰɪҲڽչš
⼸챧һˣ鷿㡣
Լ㲻ˣͰϡ
ʵû취İ㡣
Сžģ´ֱ̼ۡ
ȥĲӣ˺ԲԼǿ

갴¸ĵӣ˰복졣
صңǰĿˡ
ļĵøˣ
ЦŵݸǺ«ܵأ
Ͷȥˡ
Ҳһȥģˣֻø˳ȥˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ
ٲߣоϽ˳ˡ
¸ҪڣĻһҸܵһøһ¡
£

Դۺ
Сǵսת
껹ÿ˲ѡ
ҲΪõԽԽãÿι͸оõ˶ϼ
šüô£
˿Ҳ̫ѽôбϳСϱŮӤء
µûУɻĶǸĴ񡣡
˵л廨ģԣ׬Ǯõġ
ŮӤԼҲ˵
ҲȷʵѺӶ˱Щ
ڣã༸ټ˶µġ
콻µӣûʲôҪæġ
ЦÿŸɻδ˾ϢϢɡ
˵ţͷСﺰһ׼𣿡
׼ˡ
Ӱһͼͷվš
С
ǰͷ·߲̫ȣǱӱſżġ
ҡҡλߵǰСｻ꣬˵һ䣺֡
СԴСһ굽ӵĻ
һĶǿǡ
ЦǺǵһ⣬ǾõĶ
еǳʳеԼСӡЬ桢ЬӡɰѺ
ʳǹ֮⣬еģ֮Сƽʱ᲻óԵģرϲģµġ
ͺĸ׼ˣû
ʱװ˴복
ֻ͵ûţ߳˺Զ˶Ÿ첲
¼˺üˣûͷһѣпû
زӣ˿ʱ㲻òϣӾʹڰʱ̡
ºߣ˰ɣһ㶼ڰ
ջС˵©죬¹ʱһ꣬û
±ӣ֪һûʲôĵġ




134.  336-338   ѩ+ְ+Ƭ

Ĳɢ
صʱ, ѾˣС˲
ϲĵ磬, ҵ̣
ӿĽ̰³, Ҳ
ʰö, ̧ž, һſȻ, ǰ, ĸæӡ
Ѿüֻʳص, ǰһ̹ӡ
¼վſڷ, һ꣬±ˣȥʦһЩɡ
Цã
ת˳ĵؽƽʱϲԵĶװ
ڼѰһȦ, żų˹ȥ
μʱںԺС, ¹, æ, ðæһ, ϺЩˣôûѿ
¸ŵһ, ְ¶ȲʪҲеƫ
ϸְһ, ԣôˣ
ʹչһƵˡ
µǰǰ̵ķֵģ
ͻ治ֻ֪ð˹
ʱʱԺ, ĸʹġ
˵ԺˣҲԼҵĺԺЩˣöḻ
ĸԼһסʱ䲻ˣƽʱҲæչ˺ԺĲˡ
֮ǰһҪô֡
¸䣬һҪˣӸˣȻ֮ǰʱ׷ѿʲôġ
ĸֵʱ룬ˮӦóɡ
ˮˣԷŵ¯Աߡ
ʮˣҲѿ
ƽʱرϸĵذæˮⲻڳæͺڼ˳㽽ˮ
һˣˮеߣӸˣֵ¶ָߣʮ˿ɲҪô
¼ֺЦʱȥЩӣˮݣԼ¶ȣԽԽߡ
ȻеǲҪˮġ
ڵ¶ҲҪ̫ߣÿ͸͸ʲôģؼǲҪһֱˮ
ʱ¶ȹߣʪ̫ҲӰ췢ѿʡ
д˸ӣʲôӸô̺
ĸϸ˳˶ٷ
͵鷿СǱûϢ
ϴθҪ򵽶ȥˣôʱˡ
͵ûãǰȥֵҹʱŹ̫ҽʥǱЩ
ʱæҪҪģŰʱֱӰˡ
ټؽȥ̺ȫûƷ׵ġ
￩һ¡
岻ë˰ɡ
ǵԼʱʱʵ۾˯š
ҲûȥⳤʱȥˣҲ֪û
һ⻰е㲻
͵˵ʥԴɽδټɡ
ɹȥ
ӶûˣֲŮˡ
е°
һѾˡ
ʵر׽ѾûˣԭЩԵ˼ҲͻԾ
Ǳǰơ
Ҫ񶫾һңʥϳˣû롣
ʱ䲻źõģȫЩˡ
ģ鷿һᣬʱ䲻˲뿪

鷿ѾһƬ
ëѩƮһ·վԺͷ˻ѩҲ֪û
оһ죬Ҳпܾϼƫ¶ȱƫͣϱƽ˲١
µ˰ɣ
еϡ
˫һСҲ֪ڼô
վſڷһѣȥҤõعϰɣպþܳˡ
Ӧһ
˴ӵҤ߰˸عϣСӣټϽմμû档
ʱŵ¯ܱΧõС¯
Żȥϴ˯ˡ
˺ܶ¡
ϼѩ
ǰѩ
ڶ컹򲻴
֪ͱһˡ
˰۵ĵعϣųԣվĴͷ˫ģø𣿹ùҺ㣬һѩˣ
ͷѩаأѸѩ˸պá
۾˼ѣƿһɲĿһƬѩס
˶ۡ
ĺѾһԺѩ
˶ϲĿĵø㣡
Ӧһٽ·ã¶䶳ţϸӹñӸˣ־ò䣬Χë죬˸ס
¼ʵʵһ
ǽռһÿ˵ѩ򶼹رˡ
СºµѩƵһǹ㡣
ǶѸʲô
ӡ˸ΧӴ齫ѩˡ
˿ôѩʵҲԣնͨ죬͵СѧĬһҪǶѸСɡ
̺Ӵ齫ȷʵе㲻̫á
꣬պöѼֻӣܶϲ
˵ɾ͸ɡ
״еӰ췢ӸˣΧеӰӾҲˣ˺еȣ԰ñӶˡ
£
ʵ衣

һֻӡ
һֻÿɰԼ۰ԡ
Ŷѵñ˸ߵѩ᲻Ѱɯѩ
ͷ
˫һҶһ
꣺
ԣȻи˹ĹΡ
ĬһҪٸѸȰɣʵҲеġ
µѽ
ˣμҪҪҲѸ

СͽʱͼǼԺ˲ٵѩˡ
֮⣬µ˶ϵá
˿һ߳ſعϣһ߶Ҷӱ顣
С꣬Ҳͦµİ
һ϶æˣԴ٣ͱţҪôȥҪôȥ˭ͽ
绹ׯͷƹ˶ٷ
˵ˣȻˣƽĶƽȥ
С˲оѹɽ
ۻгڼĿˡ
ˣ˻͵ƽϡ
֮߰ģ˵˼ﶼ
ʱɩӶţ˽ҵʲֲ࣬һɾӦ
ٺҵֱӽˣԻŮѧϰܼ¡
ʵ͵帣
Сϲеʱ䣬Լ
һžͱһѩ˸̼ˣĽòˡ
Ӻ͵عϣֳˮЦкӣһ˼ϼѩûôġ
ȥʱΪӦԡ
ʱЩҲǽʱ˲١
ծһᡣ
ɪǰˣ¸ͻλˡ
ɰˡ
µЩȵȣټϼʣµľƺǰ̻Ǳ߹ǴӼӵһЩɻ
ܰŹȥ
ټںԺٺ»̼ȵҲڷżǰˡ
ӼǱ߸˵ˣ߰㣬õ־Ȼ
ҶǱҲһЩǮ
ԣǻİĽࡣ
ĬĬᱼûͷ

һᣬҪһ緹
СǻȥǱߡ
ȥμң绹Ϸ
֮оԼû
ż˱ȥﻹæ
Ц³Ǽһ۾۰ɣ˺˻Ҳһϡ
Цû⡣
ھݶû
뵽ˣ͵
żҲˣһֱæȥȥǶûȥ
ȥһ³ʱ˻ؾ
˵һᣬݻѣ˵һһȥμңһٺȥҡ
µҼǵϲȾջƣ̳
ӵҤﱧ̳ӾƣһЩĺϲһųš

һȥʱﻹмλˣ˽ӵѧɸĸ游ĸͽġ
֪Ҳ˽ӵ׼
ЦӺˣʱò࣬ȥǴò١
Цô
ҵ˵Ҫ¹ɽʫᡣ
ͷ
˵һ¹ɽʫĺ֣϶ʫְ
һĻڶ̶һʱڣһƷ׫ˡ
ٶ൱˵ˡ
͵ʦγ˾ǲǻҲһ
˵ͷһǻ
ΪǱְλ͵ͣȽϺ
Ҫõģ⣬Ʒû㱳ȥرˡ
λôˡ
ҪĻϵóˡ
᲻ְλְЩˡ
˶ûʲôݵˣôæһһ磬˻˰˸˹
˳˸ӡ
սԲĶƤ̾Ϣ
ȥ¸ʲô֬裬ζݡ

˳Էʱⲻ˺ơ
˵ûǰЩ
ſڣܲܰʲ衣
±ӣŵһɵľζȥóѾ
ûǳԵе࣬оò׼ȥֳˡ
⼸ûϰ࣬ÿܳ˯ġ
¿ֻһֱӣЦֵѵ𣿡
ͷãǳã
·ÿɫŪˡ
˴ģֻϲˡ
¼ĳˣûס¡
ȻͦQ
Ľʱͼ°èߣˡ
ɰѺӸŵӶֱˡ
æ֣ɤӵˣ
ĵͷɵذŵǰ
깾һ䣬û
µǼʲ衣
Ƕ˵͹ȥ
ģ

ķһ˵ܡ
øرõĻ
¼ѾˣˣȻ˾͸Ͻȥϴϴ˯ɣȻ˯᳤̫ơ
ͷ
ͷһԵġ
ˣյĿĻûˡ
һҭ⵽˻ûû
껹ϲĸ˹
Լȥϴˣʱرġ
Լ˸ɺãˣʼɣ
Ӱһ鶼ˣҲû궯
չȥһѾڴͷ˯ˡ
ϲĵһͷһ֪øϲ˱ġ
ĵ֪˻ԺǧȾơ
һؽ⼸½½յ˺Щҵͷˡ
ǣһʱÿ˸һ졣
ҪʵڲУơ

ڶʱֺһѾ
ĵøоô
ͷ԰ɡ
ͷ̫ۣȻ˯ߣȶڼ١
ǵˣ緹Թ˰ɣǰѵܵܽйǰյĿĹꡣ
ͷƤһ
Сһ£ǵ𣿡
šü
ȥ֮òƳ˹ӣ˵ơ
Ȼͻˡ
ˣ峦ʲ裬ӹôԶˡ
ѪȻǵˡ
ȥϲģȥ˵Ҫʲ衣
ºǺɵӹȻȶƬˡ
С
л鷿ӿҵȥˡ

⼸ѩҲû
Դ˶
ֱıһᣬÿдƪ¡
Լʼдϡ
һֱ˵ʮ
ӽϣǶֱ˻ǿĵ˵Ц
ôһסп
ʱ죬ԭʲôӣͻȻͳɰСˡ
һá
ʮһӣѾ°ˡ
165ˡ
ٹ׷ˡ
ǰ»ɵ˵ͷЩˡ
˰Ѵãſ˸żϲ
˰̧ȥͼС¼ˣˣүǱˡ

֣ڮһġ
ҶֱӼ˳͹һǸģһǸġ
֣ǰǰдġ
˫ѾˣһǶ䣬˫Ŀǰڽ״̬
ǰȷʵټ϶ཫʿ꣬Խӽ˵Խ࣬ҪѾǶʱ겻ɡ
֣Ǿפڶ֮ݳǡ
֣Ǿ仰ϲҪ
ҪǿԣҶ˰æȥ
Ҫûᣬݷݴھ
ʲôֻܷԸС¡
֮⣬걨˸ϲ
ԪֻСѣʱּá
ԪѾƷĶԶˣšҵĺӱҲãһƷУξһĻǻ˾ס
佫ĹûоƷ佫Ѿ˲ˡ
ĿǰֻǸƷ
&gt;_&lt;

۹
ͷ϶ÿС
֣˵ˣΪܣִˣټϽ䣬ֲסͻűߡ
ǶûڳԸǡ
֣Ͻ뷨
ȷʵ̫ȫ
ţͽ˳ָˡ
ǰݷݵھŰɣѶ

ԣ³ȥҶҸ磬Ҷʲô㣬Żھ
ھɡ
ؼǣʫ˶µˡ
ҶЦҲУܴʦ˵ڸһ飬ʫʱãдôˣʮʫҪʼˡ
Щͣĸ
ѾѳдˣһүǰùȥǰæѰѹء
Ҷ˵ϻưүǸй
æããһҹȥ
˰æѹصģԼүƵġ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷҲ·ϻƽ˹ȥ

Ҷҵر࣬ûյġ
ΪҪүǰæ˵ʱ䣬ȥʱСѾʼоˡ
ٵˣֱӱ
ŵһͼλ˵رޣǲȿƲǡ
ֻӲͷƤѾƸȥڵƵСÿֻ뱭
겻оȦֹ˼
ֻöͻͻСæһ£СҲ˲رĿܣ˲ƣҪࡣ
һ߰˱׵ػӵ¡
걻ͻʱ¸մӺͷѾʡˣֻ˰ŵϣȥѾ
˫ͨ죬΢ģ̲ס˼¡
Ȼһ缴Q




135.  339-341   ++

ڶ, ָһѾ
һϸ飬Сø, ۲ۣ
ҡͷ
ȸʲôϵ, Цۣ
Ŀҡͷ
ʲôѽ, ûߣ
˵, ҹù̫, Ǻȸô, , ˲עһ
̫ˣ
Ӱˡ
ûϹƱ, ͵ȥԼȥϴˣǵúܹܵѧϰ
Ӧһٶ˳ȥ
ջȥңӹ˹, ųš
ĸŵģոŵľϲġ
Сһֹͦȷġ
ڼҵĲ˿ҵ, ϲ˳, ƨɻû, ˳־óԵ, Ц˽ӷżˣ⼸ҲЩæ, ǲõĿҵûúü飬ʲôԺ᲻᣿
ϲ￩һ¡
ƶûȾͿʼϹˣذѵַ˻ȥ, ûС
һ⣬㿴
ϲĲǽ
ֻ⡣
һ·Ͽ⣬ǶǱߵԺ⡣
˵, Աߵ⣬ǲôˡ
ϲĴû;ȥһ͡
ڳû£ҲϲĿѧ
ϲģ
ľƾ㰡

ΪǺԺͣԺļˡ
һģһģģֻҪھĲ඼
һȺһͦеġ
˵ȥμʲôġ
ͼ˵ͯ
ȥʱˡѧֵܣԼԴˡ˴ˣԼɵļλС
ҶȻҲС
갤˺á
Ҷ˶ԱߵѧƼû껹ǰһ
費Ĳġ
걻졣
˵갡дһ飬үǼѾһ顣
˵дرϸ
һ治̫ͨ÷ɵĻɫʮС
÷үǶһ飬ϾЩƲ̫һĸ˳ɫϣҰƽʱõķҲ˺ͷ
˵ĵòࡣ
ս˵û⡣
⼸ץʱ䳭ʱõʫôҴ
ٽӷһ飬ָĵĵط࣬ҵлϸظ
үҪҰ˳𣿡
Цãʦ˵ˣҳһݡ
ﻹأպóʱҲʹʹǡ
ҪȻ꣬ѧ˻Ӧ졣

Ҳ߰˱
ԣճԷʱҲûȰơ
ҲͺôϳýոŹϲıˡ
ӿؿһ͡
ͺЦɣأ
ҲˣǱǰһѵʱرĥˡ
һ·úӱ飬ȿˮеȲ
صһıԼȥݼʲȥˡ
һ·ŲΣǲԾЦӣ֪Сֺȸˡ
Ѿ˹Ǽʲ衣
˵͹ȥ
һһ㶵ģô˵ʲô
»ûڣǰ갡㱧ǼС¡
ݸ£òصлҡҡλεػ鷿ӱȥˡ
ȫûһ
ôҵѽ
¶һǰֲۣɵӡ
죬ô˵Ǹɵ⻰ȥ

Ѿһ˯ˡ
ĺϲֵܣ˿
ϲıס磬̫ˣ
ȥҲҲɤӶðˡ
˻δ䣬ĵ˵ʲôأ
ҡͷ
¿һۿϣŲӣæǹøŪطȥ
˱ϾͻС
ֻð˹һŽ˸Ū˴ϡ
귭˸ﹾһ䣬һ䣿
Ӹ˹ƵģѾӾܡ
ܺʲôѽȥ˵ת˷䣬Ÿˣֻһˡ
ƲƲ죬Щšͣ﷢͵ĹԼôõĲ˸ˣԽ˸
ƤҲ֪ɶЦЦ۾˯
ָ൱
֪һûˣǰ˴գһкƤȻõס
һʱûס
һһѡ
һֱùȥμϯܻԵóġ
˭֪ҹ˵ȰˣʵԽĶ١
һöӹС

ڼ￾عϡ
ĺϲҲڳ
˵˵ЦЦģܺڸ½⼸ȥμϯʱССȤ¡
굽ʱϲĵиĹ˵ʲô֪øϲǳӣ͹˵ллøϴɡ
ʱպȥǶ
ϲı˹ʱ˵͵ģ˾˭ϲǼ˸ˡ
˵Լϻ𣬲öԡ
ĵǲķ˵ıã
ϲĵͷӦþɡ
֪ôˡ
ʱμӳϺСĻʱǹһֱ
ôţѾˣʱʱ͵Сʳô£
Ҫ͵Ĳˣ
ĥĥ˭˵ŴŮӶԵģӴĺء
ĵǰʱպھʹø˷ɫ¡

ôġ
ֱü
һŶ롣
ˣĻæȥ¯ӵĲСţ뿴عϿû
ֻԼʲôûûҶˡ
ĵǻûҪϴȥ
ҳɡ
ĸҪߣȥˣ˼æһˣϢᣬպеӣԲҸ
ͷ̫ˣϲԽӡ

ϴɾѣһľҲϴøɾ
ԺﶼƮſعϵζ
м仹Ӽ±ζڵȵعϵӣֱʿˮ
µʣôһˣԣóǰ
ӻһۡ
ʲôôһ㰡ղʮء
ڹﻹʣأ½ʱ˾ƤˣԽʣµʢŵ潫һ¡
ֶӸˡ
꽫Լĸ˷һ룬˾ͳ԰ɣǳʱ򡣡
˻һ
ϲ˸ӣǹøǡ
ò¹
ӣҪģһܳԸ
ɫԣæ˹ȥ˸ӵݸ磬Ҳ
һˣﻹء
żѾƵĽӣʿˮԼˣ˼ҸǸġ
T_T

еڰѽӷֳȥһ롣
ʮûԵһ
ڵعѾˣһ߿еعϣһ߶ִɿڵļȡ
ɨһۣЦѽ
ʶؾ͵ͷܿҡҡͷ
ϲĵУعҲóԡ
Ⱥģ̫̫
˵ҧһڣֱ
ºǺһһȣЩ廹˸Сϡ
꣺
˵ղųԷ˵ɶ
ԭϡ

˯һ硣
ϳ˶ʮȣһʱûסһعϡ
ŵ˯š
鷿æ˹ȥ
һᣬʲôʱ򻭻᣿
ֵѾˡ
µģµĹ£
һûãʫɡ
¾еϧ
뿴ѽȥի򼸲ᡣ
°ڰ֣ãû˼
Ŷһ顣
˼ʮȦû⺢̧ͷһۡ
̲ס˹ȥ꣬ϱû̸
ֵһûʲôϵɣ
ԣӦйϵͻİ顣
ĬһµǸ磬̸ôˣͦǮģӦ̸ٰɣҽ£´һġ
£
ôʲô
ԷԺ˺ڣе㲻ԣҲ֪Էˣʿˮô˵Ҳĸ̥
ºߣҾͲø졣
Ҳǣһֱû취졣
Դֱð̵¸תӣָת˻ЦҼͣСǼĵͦõѽ
ƽʱҲͦϷϲģ˵ʵ۶ϲ
ϼҵʱСҲһһģôͲˡ
룬ò⻰Ҳûͬ¹ϵͦá
ɲ֪Ϊʲô¾Ĳһ
Ǵ˵еİֲϡ
ºǺˣһȥ˯ˡ

˵ʿʼ¼ˡ

³ʮʼϰࡣ
һӣѽѽϵȥϰˡ
صڶ͸˹ٰϲĺĸĸһ顣
̫࣬֡
мͼԺԲơ
һ˳ʮϰʱĸһı
꽫õԺˡ
˷˷Ц
ҪʱٰƣʲôҪ޸ĵĵط⼸ջٸĸġ
˵У

õĻѾȫ͵ҶǶˡ
Ҳûʲô¡
ǸԺʱǱũˡ
һء
ĸλ϶ǵһΣһòˡ
С˵ģԼ༭棬ҵˡ
Ҳࡣ
Ҫ侲һЩ
ĵ˸оǲһġ
ôͳˣһӾˣǺŬŬǮ
˵һǰڷѵһǺڷѵ
С
˵оᣬǱ㱻ҿЦһ¡
ȥ¡
ˣ˸Ҫһ
һڱߵУΨһŮˡ
൱ǰ˵ֿ֣ҫ۶ˡ
µҾŮ˻ǱȽѺõġ
ƣֲˡ
Щ˺Ϊˡ
ҶǲŮˣƺνˡ
ŴӹĽǿɣԱûʲôϵ
ʦĻǶϼ𣿡
Դ١ʼдС£Ҳһ˿졣
Ϊ١д£ÿ¶ƹһ崺飬Ҳռʮ߰˱ˡ
ʱƹһ崺ĺϼ
˵мһ£ϷˣдɳƪģñϷֱҪ̫㡣
µ١ȷвŻ
١ÿ¶ͨŵġ
żҲһ١ǰͷҲǴ

ǰһ˵Ҳʫʲôģڶһ磬ջг˾ˡ
½ù
Ѿ˹͵ģûڣ۵С½㣬̫ˣ
ǰС˵Լϱ뵽Ժæũ顣
˵µҪںͷӸŮ֡
ﻹ˵Щѡ
ɲ룬һ׵ļ֣ұעݡ
˵̫Կºü䡣
ЦС½ü
±һһееκģ˼ֵһᣬֵһᡣ
Ұá
һ˭Լͷ¶ġ
껹Ϊȡġ
񽭰һʲôӶԷ֪껻һ£ƲϷȥġ
˵ûʲô
ﻹ̲ס²ۣ˿϶һˡ
ô˵˶ʮĹˡ
ʵҪһʹŮŮ˼ͷҲûϹͷȣֱʮǧ
ȥһ㶼֡
Цô˵ʦܻǵѽ
ŮҲʮ۵ġ

ũһ
ǳ׳ˡ
˲֪˭ǺͷŮһ֣ͻصˡ
ϸһʹˡ
ǣ³ʱֳꡣ
ǾĹǡ
ϱֹҵñԼ󣬱Լߵ껹Ǳһ
֮Ƕˡ
һճϸպʰãȥһȥãͼˡ
ЦҪ𣿡
ЦأȥתһȦ
۵ļѾˡ
ιȥ³ߴ磬ʲôʵ޸һ
Ҫû⣬ͿֱӴˡ
˳ȥùæһºӵ¡
˫һҲһȥɡ
˵ɪƷĹģļرƯҲȥƣҳʱҲǸһ

ڽɪǡ
˫һ棬˸ס
ϻûܣЦãǳıá
ԼֶӱƱƹϱÿ¡
ǣɵĿۡ
һ壬ƻһŵĺ
⺢ӵ̫ϲĴת
һۼ࣬ϵѣͦµģȴѾüˡ
´еˣô֪ˣϸᣬô׵̲ô΢΢Ц
۵һЦ棬Ҫ˵ҲŶأĴڿھˡ
¼΢΢ЦҲǼҴˡ
ͷһϲҪڣϵС½㣬ʲôʱߣ
µչ
ϻȻתȦ
ŻŽصļ£ƯЩر޻𣿡
۵ţʦֻġ
˵ϵƣҵķҲ껭ġ
ѽ
ºǺǵʲô˲˵ġ
ҪǸӣָѾˡ
ĻкͷЩ߰£ԣ˭˻˵׼ء
û뵽˵ôһʱûӻˡ
µѽˣǿˡ




136.  342-345   ʫ+ְ

æʫ¡
үǼ˱߱ġ
үпѣ˱˲١
÷үЦǺ°
ү, û˵ļǺµġ
ƽʱһɷǵĸģһڴӲˣүʱʱɵĶ䡣
Եرİ⡣
ЦŶƼû, ֿʼˣ
, ͻȻ͸оһ, һ˺üͣ
үæˣ˸㰾㽪
, Ӧûɣ
ǸŴҳȥ˻÷, ˳ֻ˷, ʵͦġ
Ϊ¹ɽʫǱ߹ʫ, λ⽫ĺϲĸ, պú߶ûȵġ
˾ʱ˻ͯ
˿̼磬˹Ҫϡ
Цû£ûô󡣡
壬, Ͼûô
үϰɣ¶Ҳ̫ߡûºȵ㽪Ҳûʲô, յȷů͡
ү˵ͷԸȥ, һμʫÿһ롣
Ǽˡ
һҲ, һô˶ð, ָð˵ͷСЩá

ǰʫῪʼʱһó, μʫн˲Сˮ
÷ˡ
Լͦ鷳ģͷ¼ƫƫ򵥵úܡ
ǣ򵥵ķӡ˵вУ
ܷ񾭵סʱĿ顣
ó, ǲϲԶϾԭ̫ͨˡ
÷үǾһ£Щֲѵá
ΪʫչҵƷ֮, ỹʫȵȡ
ʫĲϻͦȫġ
˻һ˱ʵߡ
÷ү⼸վרŴһȺ˰ķء
˽÷үҹȥô
ϵСԺ
ͼѾ˼ʮƿƿ޹ޡ
÷үЦٶȻʱôЩ
Ҫǻûʲôˡ
űעرϸСƿӣٿϵĶЩȫǰͷĶģ
÷үЦɲǣ¼Ļ
꾽ʵеɫҸоȫ԰ͬɰ
+=ȣ+Ϊ+Ϊɫһ
Ҫô鷳
֮԰Щɫд´ҵõʱһʱ̫䡣
÷үû¶ôиʵḶ֪́鵽ֵֵղء
꣺
Ǹ˹

ʫϳɵ֮⣬ʫЩķˡ
ϴûܲμʫģлģⱻѳк
ôоԼˡ
صңͼſڻͣżһʶ֪ҺԼҵ
ʱСȲ裬ˣͷһ˹ĵشˣ
Цãֵܲæıãа̡
Ŵ
վһγĶԱȡ
һһһһ򣬼ֱ߲
Īûе䡣
۽㿴ǲ˵Ǽҡ
˵ţݸֽ
µˮպˣȥϴɡ
лֵܵǻ磬ҲõĿٱһϴٸұ
˵꾶ֱȥ˾
ֱغ˾ţŻع
ʲôһžϴ衣
µԵ۽ɣشġ
ﰥһ½š
նӴûǳϸ˼š
Цζô
Ķѽ
µһ
˵Ĳһҡ
¼ĵĻе㷺ˣȫСѰĵõ֬ˮۡͷ֮ġ
һׯӡ
˵¶ֵرоճۼ֮⣬Ҫׯʲôá
յׯֵľṩӣнĹ֮ġ
ճȷʵǰ˶ɡ
ȥǱˮ㣬ճҲ˵ĺá
Է˵ʱֱӣһ㶼ûԿ
͢ũ϶֣ɼһȷй֮
ǣϺ۽վԼҵׯЩʲôá
ϵׯӺ۵ׯӶھԶĴء
ʱҲŵʱ´˾׼ңԵʱׯӵʱһ
ڳϳף´ֱӽׯӵ˼ױ
ׯһ𣬵ʡ˲ٵ鷳
µÿ˾κܾ
϶ϹָӣȻ޲գԼԼˡ
ϵǽʲôʱʱ䣿
ʲôʱ򶼳ɣʱȥã˾ֱˣǴĺʱ򡣡
Ҳ⡣
ϵǺһ߰ɡ
û⣬ϧûһˡ
ЦǻóԵġ
Ҳȥ
£
ôĶѽ

˵Ҫȥһˡ
Цȥ
µɣλҲȥ
£˭ѽ
°ôͰ˼Сˣ˼ҿһһشˣ仰ͷһ仰ᵽ㡣
껹û˭ѽգ
ܰɣնˣҪǻеˡ
һڡ
üһⲻֻãȻթʵ뷨ˡ
ʵ벻˭Բˣӵ¿꣬Ѳ̫Ĳֻ˸ϸһ£ȥġ
Լ鿴
¼ֿʼæԼˣɸֱۡ
˰ʲô𣿸Ҳһܲʱѽˡ
Ӻϸ˱ʷⱾ˽ʷ֮⣬طɫġ
ȥʱ˼ҽ˭㲻һ±ơ
Ψһȱ㣬ʥϵǻʱ޶ġ
ĿǰʮĶûм¼
һͲ̫뿴ûбģ
־ӹ棿ɽ㿴в
ˣб־õġ
ͷûСμǡ¥ΡЩ
룬סɣҾⱾ⾳
øԼоıˡ
ҳһ̧ͷͼ˯ˡ
飬ҲֻҳҲ֪û˯õͦ
С磬˯ˡ
±£͵ش˸£ԺؾҪ顣
ˣʱ䲻ˣȥ˯ɡ
Ŷһ˰ҡҡλεߣ²ȸˤˣæǰͻ˷䡣
һ˲ˡ
㻹ûǹΪʲôҪȥء
Ѫô̫̫Ƶģ
ʮˣȴôġ
µۣ˼ҴҪ㣬ʲô취
˭ѽʲô
οĹ
ǸǺðɣСǶʦ֣˺ͬ£ͷɶۣǳá
̲סˣ´ٴ£Ҿ͸˵ٳܲٲġ
ͷOK
·ȶˣתͻ鷿
ؼʱ̣һţͷϸ롣
Ҳͦģʲôˣ
Ŷס

Ѿʫæˣպòȥô硣
ġϲ޸Ĺ£ûʲôˣϴ˯ȥˡ
ǲȥô磬ǿһЩ
˻һػȥˡ
꣺
ղдҵʱһͷɥġ

¶ʮϺԼһȥĴء
ȥʱ˲࣬ھһ֮أ˵Ҫʰˡ
Ϊ·㣬δװ
Ϊĵĸͷ࣬ԾʹͷٻСԲװˬˬģʵ俴Сꡣ
̲ס磬Ӽֱİ񣬹˫
µǿɲүҳȥһȺӡ
˵ʹҡڵߡ
ú·ʲôӡ
¸˦øˡ
˰Ÿз
£
ɧɧô졣

ж̫ˣ

£ʫ߾͸ˡ
϶ȥôˡ
Ҳĺϲȥ˽ˣٸˡ
һոպ͵ʫᣬͼү꣬˸պá
˵Ҫ÷үǱߡ
߱߸꣬÷үŵôʮѾдЩɫˡ
һ׼黭ϣѡһЩ˳
ôϳɲɡ
Цͦãæ飬ֳʫһɫ
ȫ԰Ϊһ
үЦСϷ뵽һȥˡ
˵˸ǰѾˡ
ÿѡˣҪĻǱɵĻ硣
ʫģҲѡˣҪʲôֱӳǩ
ѳκ˶ڲС
үΪϯĵط
Ա߸պܴʦ
ʫһʼҶ˾ͽȨ͡
ɺ÷ɵĹϵãʫЩɵĶѹһͷ
ۿŵһɵͷҪˡ
ƫƫһᵽ϶ô׾ٵ˳
ܴʦòѪ
ϻܴʦͷĻವ
һ˼һܴ꣬ʦֻĿһۣ˫һ˹ȥ

ܴʦʹˣɵ˷ȥ˴ˡ
ߵıڽС
ֱʱŽ
үֽϵɫЦŲث
÷ү֪Щ˶𣿡
ĶͨĶΨһص¾ˮˡ
ôϰϣÿһңͳ˲ʮ
ƽϿúܳʱˡ
÷үһķģҲ꣬еúͲģʱ
Ψһ֪ľЩϷŵʱˣ᲻ʡ
ʱܷϼӦûʲô⡣
ҪǾٺòˡ
ԣⱾϵǳɹˣͿԽеưӡˢˡ

ȥʱܴʦǱߵϢѾˡ
ģʹ˿˵ʲô̼ԺڴϾˡ
͵˵ͦСġ
ʱžҶ˰æܷͨ͵
ʱ¾룬ǳ˹ƣôԺ϶޾Ӱˡ
֪ɴûɡ
ٺҶ˾ˡ
ʵɣҶˡ
ûͽҲûʲôǵľƻһӦ
ұȹ򵥷㡣
ƫƫܴʦãݱˣͻᴦǡ
ȻѾˣͲװʲôгˡ
ⲻ߱ү˱ϵ飬ɵǲҪԼҲдһ
óʱҲ˳
˵ʲôɵļλʦһдġ
ʱүͺǺǼȻһڿʱشǵҪдʱΪβѾдˣ
֮űдİɣ
óкܴͬ
ⱾϰɫⱾǽɳõϸ
ҲԼҵĻн˵
˵ɣֻ˵߰˷ơ
һȻ֪ô£ɵͷĲЩġ
ǣʫﴫ
һΪⱾøȫһЩ
ɵΪʾĲͬͽˡ
ʱдⱾһʦģ̲סϲ֪ʱž˻᲻ɫ
һɷǲϲִ÷үЦ¼ʲôɫϡ
紵ɹˣɫıȱȽǡ
ٺõѣ¹ˮɫˣҪȻҲʲô²ˡ
Ȼϵɫ
Ϊһɻʦ֪ÿ궼ά޻ʲô
ɵĴʦŭһ졣
Ϊô
ܴʦܲ
һȻˡ
껹˵ʲô
͵˵ȥ
ʼ磬ɱȥˣû÷ˣΪ侮ʯЦʱһۣǿɾͳɱˡ
ͣ
Ǯ˵̫ǣǿˡ

ʫĻɵĽš
ʱ࣬żȥԺ
¶ʮһգһȥյſھͼЦشˡδ˹ϲϲѽ
Цôˣǣ
ôģΪũ¡
Ժũģһ
ԭƷģǰƷ伮
ǰǴƷƷˡ
Ц治ѽڼҺԺҲ˿ʮˡ
Цǽǲǵףһ¡
͵ѽȥĳǶ
Ȼƴʦְ
˵꣬§סĸ첲˲䡣
죺
ɱͷˡ

߲Ÿ͸˵ףҶְˣ׿˵ġ
ʱ͵ˡ
ΨûС
񺼵ʱеɵۣߺߵȥ⵽ôһ£־סˣ侲Щ
ְ˵ǺԺĳ̬
ûΪƷͺܸˡ
ټûʲôȻ
ޣôˣ
ûͷĻģҲҶˣͰɹɡ
־Ҳû
ûΪѾƷˣҪʵҲô׵ġ
죬ʮˣҲƷԺ뵽Ʒ֪Ҫôء
־ⱾϵһֵһЩĽġ
ֻܵⱾ־ˡ
һûģҲûˣƷǲġ
͸־˵ģǵ㡣
Ƕû
侲һᣬƽ
꼸˿ĵȥĶԷ

Ϊְˣ΢˵ơ
˵û·ȵʱ򣬵ȴƽʱһЩ
صҷֳźü»ˣĵܵ磬ҸŶְˣ
˵꣬˦ǰ
ôƷ׫
ƷǺԺ׵вˡ
µֺȾˣ
ͷһ㣬ԣø׼һʲ裬ҽճԵе࣡
ºĸһѾ
ǶȰ͵ϵģûӦ֮ǰٶȴܳ鷿һ̵ܻԼ䣬ưϴ˯




137.  345-347   +¶

һ, رãɻǰˡ
ְ֪ˣϵõļҶ˺
ϵ, Ҳ˳ͨ, ˳˳Ľưӡˢ׶Ρ
´Ӧ˳ϰæׯӵ, ½½ȥ, ¹ɽʫڶµʽ, ĹҲ˳ǣ˻, ³, ۵ĻҲȻ١
걻ͱűʲôױʫ
ⲻӦ㱳𣿡
͵ұѽ, ҲñȻʱһʲôô죿
б޻
Ѫҳ׵ʱûЩ
ˣ׵ʱ򡭡
ԼҲû

ºԴѮͿʼȥμҰæ, ֱ͵Ļˣ˲ǹˡ
μҵû١
լӶסˡ
ҪμԵҲˡ
ʱ, ʹ˼ز, һ١ġ
ϸһ, Ѿһˡ
뿪ϼʱǲˡ
˵ÿʱ䶼д, ͷͨŲ
Ϣ൱ͺ
ţҲһǰдġ
Ϻĸɸ´Ьӡӡ
Ҳ˲ٵĶ, ԼҶӵģĵġ
żһѶ
Խˡ
µǵϢû±Լ

±ԭ
»ͷó±һ, Ǵ˲١
һѵļצһ±ζ˲١
¼Ե͹, Цˣ𣿡
ǣ밡ѵ㲻룿
ÿζЬӡ
ҴСյĸոպãЬҲرһ㶼ýš
оԼӶͦͶ̥Ҹĸġ
س⣡
أδʲôԽˡ
µȴǱߵĵŪˣȥһˡ
ڴ̲ˡ
һĶĵأҪһЩ
ʱոӵҲ
ǻȥˣϼҴţɡ
ۡ
üһһӸ֧ߣ
꣺
Ǿ鷳
ƲƲ죬ˣöһ˻ȥɡ


ѮȻů
ӹ鳲
ԺСߴߴĽиûûˡ
˻ǣ˵ȥˣֻӣ°ԺȥСӡ
ô˼գˡ
һոմ
ͼ´ĴͷˣڼңЦùˣ¶ʮǸҵĺӡ
˿ڿˮҪ᣿
µͷȻˣѵһֱס
һֱסҲǲԡ
ȷʵסˣ俴Ժһһľһһģ˵иУھӣٰоСӻµġ
㻹ʱСӡ
꣺

겻ᣬӶˡ
˼ֻ˼˶ٷ֣ˡ
ʱǽ֣Ķˡ
һʰģӴڳģֵʲôôδ
ֿ죬Կ׾ͰӸˡ
һ˶סˡ
ֻʵʵ˵լ֣ġ
־ͳ£ôլӣһǮ򣬹ؼôǮóƴ׬Ǯծ
ɵѽСȻô
һûס˼ᡣ
Ϊһүǣ˲оöһҧӸûˡ
꼱ҵ֣Ҫѽ
޹»
˵֣ǿķϣЩҪҲǸϣûëǮϵ
³ӣУڹҡ
꣺

ңϵ׶Сˣʵ˺ü졣
»ָ˻
ϾǮˣҪ
Ѫƨ

ѮݸԳɼ½½Ĵ˾
˽ӲμӿԵѧͦġ
͸ϵ˽ӣ˷ǶõϢ
˽Դ򿪿½½ļ˸ѧÿʮˡ
βμԵĹжʮˡ
õϣһѾʮԡ
ɨһ飬ֶС
Ĵչ̫ˣȥףһ¡
һǣдû
ǰúӿΪûĸ׵ԭԸЩԻеҪǿ
ԽԽŵ
ͷԼҽңдȥˡ
͵ѽڿõһݽˡ
һʱûӦϸһ룬̲סˣ㶼ôǮˣҸļǮѽ
͵ǿɲһ
ԼŬ׬ģ̳еȫһ¡
ƲƲ죬ȫ۸ûмҵ׵ģˡ

ߵõϢڶү˴ˡ
Ҳ걸һݡ
ô˼
ûôӡ
үЦһģϴ϶ȥ˵λôģôġ
꣺
Ҿһʦ˼ҿҲĺðɡ
Ҳ鷳λء
ûӻ껹ָôأ

һŸԡ
ԳɼûǱߵȴϢ
׺ʱ򣬱ƴһԼ֣ıٳ¡
ټϱߴСС塢˱˷
տʼ͵͵ܡ
жʥһֱִ֣иֲִǰʧ
ڻʵ۵ĳһһҪʥϳִ֣εµ˽Ҵ˵Ĺ˵Ŀ
߸Խеݱʱ򣬶Ǳس˹ʺѾı˻ʵһ¡
֣һٽ˶
ǰҪֿڼ
ӦϣԤϵĶҪ졢˳
˵꣬˿˵֣ϾҪʦسˡ
ʱͿԹĴؼˡ
֣꣬Ǳ˵û
ҹүĹϵҾǲ˵ҲԸԳġ

֣붫ǵ£ܿھ
ھһƬϲַΧУԵĳɼѮȫ͵˾
˳ͨ˸ԡ
˽ӽμӿԵĶʮͬѧʮԣʮ˸ԡ
ҾͲ˵ˡ
Ϊ˻Сǳ˶ٺʡ
Ϊˣͺ궼˵ơ
꣬ѾԺˣκؿڳϣλƵߣ͵֪꣬һһףԺ𣿡
Դġ
Ĭһ֮͵۵ʦ᲻뿪
Ϳͷѽ˶ʮꡭ
ǿ𳤴ˣǺӴСƨ档
ʲô¶ģʲôóԵҲͷһ硣
ʦҲԴǹԺߡ
˵ѶͳһˣǱҵúܣ⻼ҲΪ
ʱ׼Ŀ϶ǽЩ취ˣȻȥҲ
ԣӦûô졣
֣һȥǱߵ
ͣ
Ȼǵԡ

˵˾ƣڳϱһһŵģصҾʵɢˡ
¼ˣžζȥһѾ·Щ鸡ȰɣǼʲ衣
꣺
ǰɵأǵɵأȥøѾôͳɼʲˡ
꿴˿ܺͱӻġ
ֿ˿˼ʲ裿
¼ͷôˣ㲻ˣ
ϸţζѾ
꿴ֿţͷ΢ͻСӽղûɣ˿ôˣ治ˡ
ҡͷ룬ҶǺ˾ƣȵѾû⡣
Ƕһ
΢΢һЦֽӹ룬ȻȻ˼£԰˿ȥϢˡ
˵꣬תҪߡ
ȫסˡ
ôʱôôӦ֣
ֱһɡ
һЦ԰ѽѽֻһļƤ񣬵۾زζ
¼ûżһת˻ûס£ôˣʲôҪ˵
꣺
Ϊʲôһֱҵ

겻ԼղǾʲô
鷿һֵܸ˹
ӿشӴ鷿ͼһ˫۾ƽʱɾˡ
һ⣬ҪøһЩ
Źϡ
һ㶼Ƶġ
ϲٶȽŹϣɵһۡ
ٿһЩٿһЩֱ־ԷСǸ¡
˰˿
ȻǱġ

Դ˺ԺȾƵĴͱǰˡ
ǾôģԣʣԼҲ߰˴ˣÿλ֮ûʲô顣
ϴα°һ²㡣
ÿκ˶Ǳ㲻㣿
⻰ӱܾˣ
ʿˮû뵽ôŵİá
𣿡
ǵãϴ۲ۡ
ٽϽ޼ɵãϴξˡ
벻ֲ˶ֵҲ㡣
ϲĵÿλҪȼʲ裬ùö˵ѾǼʲ衣
ùû
ϲıȻһ£͸ߣèƵģ״
ס
Ҫǽ·Ͼһ룬治֪αÿô۸
ӻ֣ˣǿȥ˯ɡ
ߺ˱ȥ¡
¼ղŰֵܺ鷿ԺǾƺ󱳿ġ
ƽȵǰ磬¡
ǲǣҵ
³ǣ֪ˣ
ǺһƤ湻ѽ˾ȻĲʲôľֱ˵Һʱ۸ң
Ҫ£ٶ顣
ðˣ
˵˵ۿͺˡ
ʲô£ȵøƵģڴٷʲô£
æûãԺҵ
ô˵ҲƷ͢ˡ
ھЩҪȥطϣһͨˡ

ƶƬһ
ǧܺȻЩ˭֪ɳʲô
һ˯Ժģ͸о
뷴ַֻ˫˫ûöˣ˻ЦҿѽиQֵ
ܿһ˫˫־˹ɸ״
ŵһУӴϵֻͷǹ졣
Ĩ˰Ѻ̫̫ˣԺ˭ٺȾ˭ɵӡ

˺Ⱦµ֪겻˭ȰϺһ
һգϻˣСԼҪˣҪСһȾơ
ҡͷԲƣԲƣ
Сһ𣿡
˼һӦҲС
Ҳ̫£ǶӾ͹ȥ
ԼʶѣŬ
һ᲻ȻȴԽԽԾ
ֻյ˼پƵģƮƮȻĸо
Աߵˣ˫ͨ죬Ҳһôˣ
òǺȾж˰ɣ
СҲһ
æ˽˸ڵֲȥ˴
͵ҼǵýСҲء
СԶԶԣȥȥ
Сŵ˫ȷ
겻ֹ˫ͨ죬ﻹһغˣˡ
ŵһ˺üżȥ
ͺ˻侲ˮһһιˮ
¹ʱ§͵ߺߴߴؿޡ
ôˣֺȶˣ
оǰĺȶ಻̫һ
ǰȷʵȶЩڿòƸðƵġ
ͽ˽ȥôû
͵ԺţĴ
ø򣬽걧նˡ
˷Ƥһһ죬ɤӵ
򶼲˼˵
С˺ü飬ſÿڣɶҩˡ
ˣ

ҹʱִֶ˸ˡ
ŵò
ôָѽ
˫һۣ꼱ֱᡣ
µи£øһ
ϻһˡ
СرģСһȥϲơ
ºҲһȥǼҵϲ
³ʱˣڻûûϲ
˻ţʲôʱȥǼңҪ׼ʲô
СͲ˵˾жˣƵġ
µʱŵ඼©˼ģɽ⺢ӲǺȶ˹ôʱŵûɢһ·񱼵СԺ
껹ţ˿
˵ҩ
ҺȵģһǱ߲ˣºô˽ҩûɶأ͡
˶ˡ
ֺ¡
ôһӣȻɳ޲顣
̾ϢҲ㣬ˣȻȥˡ
Ŷһÿλ´
µۡ
еĲһ

һߣ˴ϣñӰͷ
ˣ
ڶ죬»˸硣
ͷ֣Ƶģˡ
ûͳˣһС£ЩЩҪٵˡ
С£
îʱŵ
˹֣СͻȻͣ³ˣպá
𾪣ܰɡ
Сµͷ˵žҪؼҡ
һҧҪȥɣҺþûϹˡ
ţ㡣
˳˳ġ
Сֻôȥ˸ϵʱųʱŸտá
շǽڵģҲûƽͷһ˸ͷ㡣
߶߶˺óʱ䣬˸ƽ
С¼ʱ仹磬ɽ𣿡
ҡͷ䣬˳Ʒ
С»˵ʲô
䵽ɽ÷羰㽫ִŵֽó˸ӽǺõĵط
رϸ
Էʱû꣬˷ֶ֮׵ɽ
ֱ̫ɽˣС¼Ƶػ˼ҡ




138.  348-350   ؾ+

Խſ, Խ˴µСѧ
ķ
ô˵
ſڣͼҵͣ, Сµˡ
ͷǵ㲻ɢ
ƵһӾͳ˼š

Сδʱ, ҪǼµ༰
겻ڼ, СԾ鷿˻, ˳æĺϲĵĹΡ
Ѿˡ
˭Ѷôţ, һ, ܴѧ
֪ͬƽʱôָ, ĽĽ
˿̼, С˴ߡ
ְ¸˽
ʶŵ˫һһƨɿϣܿǽ
µˣ
Сͷ
ճ, Ϳʼϲ顣
ȻȲϹôϸ񣬵Ƿ֮ǰ, ҲǾƷ, ෽ȷûʲôŶ, οջСȾƵ¡
ʲô, ȫǳ͢١
͸ˡ
ǲ˴ҹÿ־Ʋ˵, ÿôϸ̲飬Ĺӣõ߶, һ
λҲǿֿţδҩټ
һ³ϵı
ϲк, ʱʱȻҲˣһ˵˵ʱһȺʱˣЦӯӯصݸСġ
ʱҲƼˣϲ㶹ƺɽ髸⡣
һҲûʲô⣬ֱﺰթթ˵ʵڸʱ涯ֽš
ⵥûʲôʱȻͷֽʧЧˣƫƫСȰһƣͳˡ
е£Թ޳ģҪ
ƽʱһһһһش˵ģÿˡ
֪Сء
˵ϲ㣬޸㡣
С˵꣬ԼĿˮǺסˡ

ʵҲǱ˸ƭˡ
˴Ǯҩ˵ǣֻҪⶫ˳ˣԶһ𣬶̤صġ
⻰͸ʲôһ֮ģòϲϲһ
С֪ˡ
˭֪ⶫҪЧȫһ
ֱǡ
;ﳤôû뵽汻ˣԵƭҲš
ؿڣ˾䰢ӷ
ӣͿôһСһԼǿ
СֺֺЦ˵ģ˵Ůǲִֶ
µǴô
СҵݣͿôˡ
ǳ˾ʦ֡
ǳ´˵ӽ̵׵ӣ˵ҪЧƫ󣬿ɲòϣ洫ȥˣֹ˼Ӱ죬Ҳòȥ
˵¼ˡ
ϳС˻ȥȷʵ˸˵
ĸΪˣ˵Ҫ͵ȥȥûȥСͲ֪ˡ
Ҳ´ȥţҪҪݣÿ´ô˵ˡ
֮ԷˣԺ˾Ʋǰ֡
ҲԲš
СһĻԼݣݲš
ĬһԺ˭ҲȰҺȾơ
˶ټ䣬ԺԷϾơ
̫ˣ
Сһ£Ȼȥˣһޣһ죬Ҷˡ
꽫ͳš
۽ǵɨ£ʶľСߡ
ϣ¸˻
ȥˣ
һ£ֿˡ
Ϊס˸ˣæ֣û°ɣ
ҡͷִӻƽȥ˳㣬ҹԼãΪְûȥ㡣
һڡ
ɶã
оеΣԼ˵ˣһ˴һ
һӹƽתȥˡ
곤˿̧Ÿȥ

ӾķѾˡ
Ϊ˴̼꣬Էʱֻ˳ԡ
üô£
ҽԸһ¡
£
ôлɣ
ݺݵصһۣתȥˡ
ٷ꣬¶ûһӡ
æĨøõĿҵͦ࣬Ǿȥ鷿ˡ
ֻһȦȻ鷿֪Ūһλö棬εķš
ĺϲ˶Լλдҵ鷿һ͡
˹ȥСѽóһ¡
ĥĥ浱Ǵӡ
⻰˵ãҡͷҾڲ϶ˡ

¾ܾԶ
Ҳû취ٴȥˢϴŹ顣
ϣһ¾ֱؿ
걻ͷֱ˼Ÿòүʳ֮ζĳ˰ɣ
¶һҺеˡ
հϵƨóȡ
Ҫ
»شøɴҼǵǸյʱʱҳһ档
˵УҲر򵥣ȻԳ˷ĸо
Ⱳķʵ࣬ȷʵľ˸һʱ³ձ磬Թ˷꣬͸ֺŪζ
ھȥһ롣
꾪ˣڣ
µͷôˣѣ
껹ѣϴû˯ºðɡ
ȥһζϴһϴˡ
Ҳˣ͵͵ʹۣÿϴ衣
ҲǸʵںӣһһΰɣ̫䣬һΣż붯˻͵
¾ô
ϾͷǸ㡣
˵պܳʱϴģÿΡ
ϡ硢ϣֱˣ
ĥĥҲ°Ƥˡ
ԣҪóɣ춼û飬ܻš
ºǺһۡ
ˣû־ﶼ㷽ʲô
˶һѣԱдҵֵܣƶǶ걻ºȥˡ

յһתͼ»˽
ʳ԰ԼԵĸ˳
ڳﶼˣһֱӾá
꽫Ĳ˰Ⱑһ룬˰ҷһ˳ԭΪ»䣬˭֪Եû㡣
궼еˡ
ԱдҵֵܣҲֱʿˮ
ǣдҵ۰Ͱ͵øտѽ
ǣø˲¶ࡣ
½һȥЦֱ˵Ƕˣˡ
кôô£
꣺
ԣڴʦˡ
T_T

ʦ³֣ڰʦسˡ
ٹ˳ĶӻӭİռǴŵڳǣʵ۶ɶŹųӭӡ
ֲ۵С٣͸ղ룬ţëֻеķݣֻԶԶĿһϵ֣ڽʿ
ֱ鶼ˣŽӸ˻
ʹĲӣʦ֣ƼԪǼ𣿡
˶࣬õѶ࣬˵ʵûƼ
С֮ǰ͸ǿչˣԪڵǴƷʲôѣһʲô
Ȼһ˾βˡ
ǰҲͦеģڷ֣һ׵Ľʿˢˢһʲôˣǿˡ

صңС²֪Ԫ˶û
֣ȥȥˡ
СЦү˵ģǼֻǸʲôΣյġ
ʵҲһȺں֮ڡ
ʱŹңûһʺƵһȥŵƨˡ
ʵҲҪ鳯͢Ϊ˿ܵġ
С˵ǰߵ£ү⼸տûʲôʱ䣬Сĸߴˣգδһ
õģллС¡
СЦ˿ˣСȳȥˣʲôֻܺҡ
͸Ŀڡ
˵һؼȥˡ

յϢǱѾƴðˣչȥ
ǳ극鷿ѧϰ˻ϴ˯ȥˡ
ֺĺϲı鶼ûá
˯ҹͷͻȻСµˣ²ˣ
˯Ժģ·ûͰŸˡ
Сµˡ
һ⣬˯ȫޡ
СҲǸյõϢʥԽӵ֣ǣǸҫӡ
˹磬ϯĳ˾ƷϵĹԱѫ֮⣬òµ̫Ҳˡ
ͬʱмүĶ
֮绹ֵͦġ
˭֪绹ûʥͻȻεˡ
ڹҳһţٹٶû֣ĿǰҲڹ
СµˣǱߵϢʥ׶༪١
һϡ
ʥӣźϲ
һӦǣʥûˣо϶ȶҡ
ʱһռȻĹˣأ
Сµү˵ˣ⼸СĸûбҪҪš
֣Ҳ£ʥϲˣǼԭȶʱؼүʱʲô

걻СϢըð˯Ҳޡ
˿ʱ䲻һ㡣
СµҪС»塣
꣺
濴ҡ
ȥϢɣղȥǳʱžС
СӦһתȥˡ
ڴĬһᣬ˵ۻģɱϾᣬһ˯ˡ
ڶѹî
СѰȥ˽ӣ˳Ϣ
ʥˣҪڳϷ֣һɽʿ
ͬʱӣҪм䣬ڣˡ
Ѿæµ
һŷ˻ȥ
Сڼҳ˷ҪţͼŶӽ˳
ɫãΪˡ
æ˹
ҲĲ˸ɫһסӵߣߣʲôζƵġ
ŵһæˣ˶ԼԺֵġ
ʰլӵʱ¾ֱӽԺŪ
˼ֲֻˡ
ӵġ
еĲǶֵģպóԣеǴֵģǳʵʱ
ȥժĶǻ¶ˮأҲһŵһҡ
ţûġ
ֵûʲôζѽͦġ
һؿھվ׼š
еֻͣǰһڣ岻Ծػ˻Ρ
һѷסСĵ㣬ˣ̣鷳ˮøӹ
Դе˵ģ֪طӦΪˣ絽ڶûôԶ÷ϡ
Ŵžǿˣ岻
ǵۺ۹š
·ϣ̹õӵݸֽˮŵߣһᣬͺ˰ҵȥϰˡ
ֵǰĴע㻹ǵðɡ
ܸоǰǸеģûнܹϵͳѵǣŲϵԭ򣬰עȰȵдСϡ
µͷ
һתûԷҶˡ
죬û𣿡
ڶԼͷԼ
¼ֱŮ˻ƽʱܸͦɵһˣʱ䣬ⲻԡ
ŪĺϲҲѧ
ԷʱһЩ档
Сһ㶼á
ָͷһ£üһǴµ׳³ˡ
ʮˣ
±ŵ
ˣҪ⡣
оҪˣθڶˡ
ĥĥȥһ档
Ȼûõǰ¾סӵÿÿôӡ
꣺

Ϊһŵζ͸оƵˡ
ظоˣȥ˸
ȥֿ棬ȴˡ
С¸˵һ粽ظ
ִһ죬ҲŶ֮һ꿴ͷۻ
ֵţ̲סǣУյðʦֺСйæ
ôȥԼˡ
ӡˢİ棬ֶǾģCTPȫһ
ټϷЩֻͦƵģʱԼϴ
˻ȥʱ˳㽫ĺϲĸˡ
ڳͿʼ˱ġ
ϲ뷴ǳʮˣܸûʲôɡ
ϻϽ

˱ôʱĿġ
귢ӵļҲõģණϵļҲͦԼĿ˼룬СЩ̰棬ȷͦġ
ǣ·ʳʱ˶ӣȥЩԼϲԵĶ
֪˸սӣ˳
ĳ֡
㲻ǮŪ˰ɡ
ָָ̡
ЦˣҲӵ𣿡
εسǣǰǰ
̿ĵ˴ӿá
룬ⲻ۾˵Ϲ
¶Ǽ׷ҷĹϵ̽ŵ˵÷ʲôǼûˣū澳ҡ
ͺܿ죬һѡ
ľģôоүǻˣ
ǣĬһ˴򣬴ô˵
۵һЦҪѽǻͷӸɡ
˵ţƹҪļζĸɹ
ϲ̵ģֻõͷһѽѽ
һȣһƨżϡ
ҿСۼֿס
껺˻ẉ̂Ҫôȥ
ЦūȥЩˣ˵㡭
˵Ųˡ
С£ǻǿЩȥɡ
ôˡ




139.  351-353   ̥

ŵ˫ֱ
ôϲˣ
ġϲĵ컹û, ɼ״̬ʵ̫ãһһ
ɥڳǰ͵С, ȥ
С¿üЦ, оӦǺѽ, ô, Ƶ, Ҳö, ٴظϡ
, 궶²˳
ĵø, òǲ˰ɣ
һȺ˽ſ򣬾һλ̫̫ͻȻس鴤ֹǺſڶ, Ǽȥ˴
һƣ˵ʲôﷸˡ
֪ͨ˼, Ž˸ȥ, ոл˽, Щӵ
, ֲ̫
Ŀȷʵǲˣ
ûеء
ֻý˳
, һžͼԺ¡
Ա߻˸ۺͳϡ
ôһ䣬˵ˣ˾Ҫɹɹ̫, ˣıҲͺˡ
굱ʱ˾͸Ƶ»
С´Ӻͷһס
˸
¼ɥģֺֺЦ

Ҷǳˡ
ο, Ҫӵðɡ
棬տʼӦŮ˵壬ȷʵʲô˳ۡ
ɺãоҲɡ
ʱŮ죬ЩЦصʾԼԽе˸оҪࡣ
ҲӦˡ
ժԼôõĲˣ˴֮Ͷٰܷһ顣
˭֪ô
˵Լϲ֮²Ӵˤȥ
֮Уȴ֮⡣
ϸ룬ȻѾĿˣʲôܽܵġ
֮ЩЩ˳Ȼˡ

¿ꡣ
Ϻ۶ƼˣЦϲ
εع֣ͬϲͬϲ
۵һЦ
ϲС𣿡
۵ͷ
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Ͳ࣬ҪƫƫһٶһҲƵĸһƶũԼԼŬھլӡ
˼Һӻûҵˣ±ϡ

һҪ֪
Ҳ˼ѪƵģԼʱ˺ܾãһֱûжĹ¸˸١
ƣҪʼ׼»ˡ
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ÿµûŷ桢»ᣬӰ㣬ӦҲ׬ӳ˵Ӱɣׯǲġ
ţϡ
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ʱܸоθʲôԵĶ᲻ȤĳҲŵһζ
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С߷ųһ߻򣬾ͼ̴չˣū֪Ϊʲôʲôйӵζˡ
Ϊʲô
ǼҳԷʱϰ𣿡
¾Ų͵ζ
û͵ģԵرá
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Ц˴˿á
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Ŷһ
ֻȰС߸ųԼżһתȥµ
¿ڴ˱ƵѾЩԺˡ
̧ͷɨһ꣬ƤϢ͵ˣ㲻˵ӽҪúû𣿡
ôҲû˵Ҳͦԡ
иĽʵҪɡ
ο⻹Ǹ̶
ԽԽϲ֣̲סͳǡ
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ºǺ˰ɣûҸ
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Ҳѽȥͷɢɢ
µ𣬴˵ˣǰ̥಻ȵþ
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ĵøѾ߱ˣǾȥˡ
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Ӧһһȥ鷿




140.  354-356   +

СմǶһЩϢ
ڼ졢Լʥϵġ
ÿ궬Ҫ, ˳ǳɽ֣ջ, ȻȻıҪڡ
СϢ, ȴһʥǲˡ
˵ʱ̸̫ҽ
ÿ춼ǴĲҩš
γ˼֮, 
΢, ûϳʸ, õϢ, ʥǰټ˸ͼλԼƽʱŵùس, ˵˴ҹ顣
ʥⱲֻһ, ȥûˡ
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˭˵, ֻһ䣬붫ľǹؼʱ̡
ҲʹǼλԭûʲôʵȨ, ܴˡ
Сʵ, ûж, ʲô, ֻҪʥһ޺λֻҪһ, ˻񡣡
⻰ȷʵûëͬС
˽꣬˱, ˵ʲôȨǻʵۣʵԽһֱѵ
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أ
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⼸λڳֵûģĴᵳģĺʵҵġ
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141.  357-359   Ϻ++б䡭

, ǻζˡ
ô˵Ǽǵýˣ
˵ûϵ⣬ﻹ̵, ճԼ, ƽʱõС鶼ǵա
˵˻ͦɹ
, ĺϲĵԴ, Цû, ϲԾͺ, ´յʱ, Ҳ
ĺ֪ѽ, øհɣ
˵ء
һڣľ졣
͵͵һ£Էһߵޱ飬Ҳ΢
ʱҲŤͷ˹ȥ, ĵллүǵա
˵е
һô, ÿ, вɵɡ
뵽, رĲ˼
°һ, ˭ǵգԼ, ҲԶѡ
ɨһϵĲˡ
ḻ˲٣кЩϲԵġ
ҲҪ, ǰҨһ룬رϸذæƲȥͷĴлˡ
ºһָָԱߵһϺ
, ߣӾͰæϺ
ӿһһ㶵ġ
Цѧŵ㣬ǳˣҲø¡
ڸŰԺˣҪãܸﱲٺЩҲܳϺ
뵽ˣͻȻһᡣ
СʱָģȻûüϺТ˳ĸһˡ
ۿ΢΢졣
¼鲻̫ԣ̲ס²һ䣬СͰޣһ£᲻ѽ
껺˻ٽϺȥͷȥβȥƤŵǰС档
ҲûֱӾͳˡ
һϺǱ߷һз˳־Ҫ³ԡ
ǡʱ˽æʹá
иܳз
ֻýһзĺϲġ
ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣôҲðзɡ
˽ܳʲô
ЦЩˮĻٳԵĺãЩˮҲܳԡ
Բɽ髵ȵȾǲҪԡ
ʲһ֮ѧʻͦࡣ
ЦͷĶ̫ˣūǶһרдЩʱҲܿһūͰ͹
л
ʼ̶
Ž±ƽԵöЩ
»ԵģЩ˵Ķȥȡ
ĺϲÿ˳ֻзֱˮһ뽪ָиɣֻ̾

̶۾ˡ
³Ա֮˿ʹĲӣпѣԼԷۡ
µΪף
ǰ̫ˡ
ôӦͦ׵һ°ɣ룬ֱžžžġ
ܳԣǸܳԡ
ͷûʸ̫ܳˡ
ʱһʬ
Դָ֮¶£ѾɵĲǹ֮仰˴ſҪ¡
ⴲʵֵ̫ˡ
ˮϴ˿ڣԺתȦ
µľʱͲôˣԺϹС棬ٹʮ¾Ͳժˡ
춢Ժѿء
Ҳʮ£ſ˺üȦ΢ɫľ͸ժ
ժţˮϴϴֱӾ
꿴Ӳ̵ģоرᣬ˻ԡ
ûˣԼȥ
µȥ򡣡
꣺
үܽ
֪һƷ֣ȥڹ꣬Ҫȥҿ
Դ֪УŶû
겻ŵ𣿡
ȥˣͽ˳ˡ
죬ҪȥʦֿҲá
ѪҵҲûأ
ĸֲľ˵ֵĶƲ̫ãѶ֪ûйء
˵ţС֣˽
̧˸ӣСЦү֪Ǵ˵˵С͹
û뵽֣֪գʱֱжһѣл
ӷŵ鷿ȥˡ
꽫Ӵ򿪣ͷһ⣬ѡ
˫һѸ˳
˵֣㲻氮
޼
꣺
ܱܲ뷨Ǵ顣
ȥϴϴ߳Աߵţ𡣡
Ҳһţһ֭ҺĽ죬ֱӸ˳
ĺϲҲࡣ
˿ɥùãͷ˰ɡ
ֱȴƵġ
µǿǳԵǿŲ̫𡭡
˵һԿţʾζ
ܲ˴̼ȥԺ˻
ѣغߺߵ꣬ҲҳԵ̫ˣ÷ҳȥȦ
ֻ÷䡣

귢ˣǰͦһλү
ڱϼʮһա
ô˵أʳ࣬ϲԵĶһ͵ĳԡ
ˣǸˡ
ûգ˾ԲһȦǿôˡ
һգͻСһ𣬱߳Աиճ
˵رܳʱСܳԻѽ˵иģӶ¡
е˴ӻµ³Ѫ
Ųأ
룬òƻǲ࣬³ǼգŲζ֮⣬òʱʳѾǰˡ
⼸λֻʲô˶
꿴Ƕе٤
ţҺһ¹ɡ
ʮ壬ºͳǼųȥˡ
˵˳㿴Ĳ԰ôˡ
ãڼ˴£ܲˡ
͵վҪˡ
࿴ʱʱ
̳˵ھȥһʱ
ǻڹſڼϡ
ƽʱϳҪ硣
ٸڻʺ棬һȺ̳ǱŲ
Ѿȥˡ
֣ԭ˵æ˾͵һ
ƫƫһؾ鶼һˣʥͻȻεˣʹ֣ʱ䶼δ뿪ʹ
ʱʥߴߡ
ʲô£ͨĻ
ЩҲԽæµ
СǼɱɢˡ
˷׷׵ͷ
ȥʱÿ˴ˮôȵ죬ɱ˲źá
Ҽ˼ñɣһժϡ
ͺЦ㻹Ҿɣ㲻µû㼱ۣ
ٺЦپƬ
СĵǱɲŶҶѽÿƬ͵þʮƬܿйء
´̨ȷʵôïʢС辰ǵ˵ҪҾƬǸ󡣡
С

Ҫ죬˻ҿ˸СᣬһЩע
ȥ궬Ҳ죬ʱѩ̫ȥ˲̫ࡣ
μ죬ǺԺЩ˵ͷһˡ
ôȣ˻ҽҪƿԼһƿһƿ죬ʱÿ˷š

صңѾˡ
ӾŰѹƽø
л
ҵ˲ϡ
µңСˡ
ˣ¾˵ˣ֮СЩ
ӦһԺȦȥ˯ˡ
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̫ûɽء
Ҫȥ̳𡣡
·Ͻͨûеģ˵Ϊ˱⣬һȺ˲߹ȥ
оǣ˱ԡ£ʳա
죬Ͷûԡ

ڶߵ硣
ķǣسһ棬˼ˮӼ㣬߰װ˲٣С
һͼ´ͷˡ
˫һۣæôˣ
˯š
꿴˵⻰ʱƤˣһǷ˯ѽ˯
µݸһСƿմӹˮ˵иȣƿҾԼòô࣬һƿˡ
ӹл
ƲƲ죬ܱôллȥģ
˵Ťͷȥ˯ˡ
꽫װá
ڳһ·˹˳
ҵ˺ԺһȺˣվԱߡ
Ϊһֻÿϰ඼㵽ˣҲࡣ
˵䣬˵˶˰ɣǾվãҪˡ
꣺

̳ھû빬Ҳ̫ԶƫƫҪʱߵ·еơ
оԼ첻ߵ̫գϻ˲ٵĳʳڸģ˫Ȼе㷢
ǵĿصġ
ϧƷ̫ͣλϿ̳ϵĲ
ҲǸˣʲôʲô
ȵʵܲˣ͵͵ͷĨˮ
Ĩ껹Ĩ㣬֪ʹһȦصȻһ롣
ɰۻˡ
Ҳ֪վ˶ãоԼҪɹ̫ˣǼˡ
һȺָʥ˻ȥ
ʱ˲ٵĳʳȴһڶûȥˮȵøɸɾ󻹴Ƕ˼ڡ
ϴţصѾʱˡ
۵Ƥ̧·˯һ·һ³¸һʲôˣ
ɹֺϣͷϱñסĵطǰ׵ģµĲ֣һԵķָߡ
¾ӣһˡ
ʲôƣ˯ʱɢ
ϴãϲһһ㡣
һѾģСǱʡ
겻ÿɷһߺһߵ㻹˵ǺԺǰʱ仹洫ҳʲôġ
ǰϼʱҲһʱ䣬֮󣬾Ҳû˵ˡ
׷˵۹⣬ôһŮ

ԣô˵ģһ㶼⡣
쳤ڱϣô˵ô˵¡
οҲһֱ²ǡ
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еҸ㣬ûСʣƫһСľġ
һ仰ûƤܶ

ˡ
˵·һʱҡ
Ը˵·ֻû
ҿӽʱˣزĸʱȶˡ
˵ƽʱҲ壬ôʱ·Ҳͷһˡ
극ȥϴһ£ֱӻز˯ȥˡ
ֲˣ
ڰ֣ˣ̫ˣûС

һ˯ûͷصġ
Сͷ˺һţûѣ´ˣ۾ôǣ
Сµˣе㼱¡
üڼˣ

ҹ
µʲô£
СĬһүСĹվﲻȫ
ԵģҲ֪ġ
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ȥʱǶ
꣺
Сµүӹˡ
ý֪ԼŹǷȥ˯ˡ
Сŵʥ治ˡ
˵죬ɶŹŲ죬һȥ˹ȥˡ
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￩һδء
Сµͷү˵Ǿб䣬һеģջһ
ڼûʲôҪòҪš
ĺϲĿڼѧϰ
·
СµϢɣ˯һʱһС
ﻹ˯ţϴɽһΣСǰԤ룬ɹÿ಻ԡ
ˣ
궼롭

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СǱҲյϢϢʱ͵͵ͣС¡
磬ٶ˺Ժſڡ
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ȷʵǻˣϲˣץʱ仭ϵ»ᣬȡ޷νӡ
ȶȲܸϱ
ƹǱߵõϢˣ
˵ɼҲѵβûµĻ塣
ʱڼﻭ²ӡ
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ôɰСþȻľܾ
ֱʲôˣ˵СɰС÷ҲҪǿԣΤСһȫȢ˰ɣ
˺ڣҪڣƹˡ
»ᶼûüա
ƹʱʻʱ۾ֱؿŻᡣ
ⱾǷϲ
趨ҵߵģŮװҲ˵˵ʵŮ
T_T
ٴսȨһĹ
ƹΪĵش˵»Ѿ컭ڶѽ֪ˡ
ģﲻԼĻȻǺ£˼ⱾҪƹʧˣǰٶʱڻһڸ
ƹһȻˡ
üëԾؾһү궼ʾõģ˻ȥĵȰ˰졣

һīһߡ
ܿһһŮģᣬȻõˡ
ʵλǸŮǡ
ƹһʱеɵۡ
궼ô˵ˣֲ˵ģֻø꣬Ҫʱ䣬һҪٻһģǳѽ

ٵشʲôʱꣿ
Ŀһ£ʮ֮ǰɲɣ
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Ҳ֪ƵеԶЩ죬Ҫʱ䡣
ȻԽԽãһӰڵĻȷͦģټһãԼƽʱʲô¶Ҳû߰ˣǱһҧµ׳ɲɣаء
˵̫ɡ
һԼȷеЩã˫һᣬһ¡׵ʱӰڽˡ
õǿ
л¡
ߺĸٻεСһĺϲıؼȥˡ
Լծ̲ܶ࣬סһͷͺ
̶̥ˡ




142.  .360-362   +ݱ+֡

˵ծ, ҲֱӸϾٵĻȻ˼Żᣬٽ´Ӧƹķ湴µͼ
ַԼǰ카ӣͼ, ˳ϸɫ
߲ɳ, ˵ûɳ, ֲ˰һ, ϴ׺ͽͷΡ֮, ǻͦô¡
һ߳һ߿ӣɫ
Сûʲô滭, ͨӻ, ָϡ
ڿһһĨ, һӣҾô˽סˮпЩүͷԵġ
Խǿ껭, Խ⺢Ӳֹÿÿһ, ˮ, , ΪĿ
һʱ, ɳҲûԶ١
껭꣬Աд˼, ٰԼСӡ¡
յҪˡ
¶ûԶ٣Ҳûˮ˱ˮ, ȥ
źĺϲİæٵĻֽ̿
Ҳûȥ
ƫƫṩĳߴԵĶһЩ
Է˵ˣһɶߵġ
, 鷿ǽ϶̲
ֵϴҪĻ
ͷźӸ˹
Ҳ̫ˣһŻòǮɣ
İæݱʣ˵ĴСŸϲԱĥī
Լ˳ȥȴõ߸ϻ
⻰̲סˣĴС۸ûоԹϵ
ļͼ
ͨðģҲǷʮеϸһ١
ҲǺü죬۸ֻʮ
һʮˣһͨðģյ˰ʮһøһЩյһķֺ졣
˽˶ƣȷʵ˲һǰ㡣
Ͳ̫ͬˣô˵˽˶ƵһףԺ˭ҲûˣͨðģֻҪӲţѡϵġ
۹÷ųԶЩ
ǣ˰ɣͨð˵ˣǺǮҲ룬ʱ侩˶ٷ°ġ
ȻûҲɷϣ°Ҳ˼ҰѼ۸ѹҲͦ͡
µˣǵƷֻҪˣټӵ˽˶ƣҾûϣΪһݵġ
ܷ²µģ϶˽û˳Խ
ؼͷҶھû˷°棬Ժ˭Ƶѽ
ø˵ˣû֮һɡ
ɱʱ˼Ҫˣ߻ǰƷ˵ٳɲ£ԼԼ̬ȾͲ̫á
վЩۣԿϡ
Ҳͦ¡
ִرʱҪŲˣһϼͦ鷳ģֱӸ̧Աߡ
꼴οָж
Լ̣ǳϢˡ

⼸հﵹǲ̫æ
ϻæ÷
¶ʮһһգǱ顣
ַ˷еĻҪÿһЩĻҲ֪ôģ滭졣
֪˵ĵһˡ
ƽʱϵͬһչơ
СǶһ˼Ա߿Ҳмˣһʱĺò֡

˴һȦ
СЦ治ʲôʱҲܳһ
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ֽϱũ黹ҪһЩڷǾ͸ˡ
˵࣬ԭֽŵԭɫļȴǳÿ
ԲԲԼдġ
ҪǷϻеĴ
ĽһȺˡ
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ĻǲǾͿԴӡˡ
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Ա˶֡
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ͺС˶ԹʲôģҲ
Цûʲô⣬뵽Ķ뵽ˣˣôûҶˣ
¹ϴҶ˵£Ҷ˵ԼֲҪͷˣ͵ȽϺá
ʹүүҲҶ˲ŵĸһЩ
ǰͷҶд򣬵ֲһź
˵ͷУֵ˵Ŀʼӡơ
Ӧһ˳ȥ

С˵һӡǧᣬԺԺҲղء
ʱĵ꣬ǽȥףף
Цѽʦʲôü׼
Сָͷ˼ˣһᴫ©ˣñʼǼʲô
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;͸˵ˣΨһҪûȥ˵һ
С͸Һһȥġ
˵꣬Լ̲סˡ

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»ʣ²ľƸһ̳ӳ
Сϲľƣһ㲻֪Ǽҵľҿ˺ܾˣϧڽڣҲûá
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Цȵ㣬Ҽﻹм̳һһ̳ӻȥ
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ɥӡ
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롣
ˡ
λֻһŵرࡣ
һʱ䲻ǹǹⶼҳһš
Щ˵ҪȥĹԱҳţ
ڶ죬ճԹ緹ͼСɽ˵ϴ껭ľˣѻôˣ
꿴С¡
СµСĳȥơ
Դɥ죬껻ùٷģ֣ȴ÷Ϣ⼸ǧš
Ϊʲôʡ
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סĵطЩƷС٣һҹ㰲ȡ
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æ

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ͷ˼ŲŲֱ꽫β꣬ͣ
۵ͷ󺹣æͳһӸ˲ˡ
л˳ֽӹϲĵݹӣ⻭ҪһᣬϢһ£ȥѡ
쵽ˣһ˶ȵһ
ϰȥϴȴڰϱС¸סˣС½£ŵˣղϸ˵˴Ӻլӡ
ССϸڼһȦ˾
С¹ţιֹҪ߻ꡣ

ͷһ
ССǽƾͼơ
β࣬ҲЩơ
ֻҪ΢΢ױϾɻء
˵껹û֣˿ϸһƣЩ
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Ҫݲ࣬ôץ˵ùȥ֣ʲô֮ģɾ޸޻ġ
СµүĹϵѾ֪ˡ
ôһ˳ڶӱҳ
ֶøλеϲ˾Ƕٶ³һЩ
ΨһʵݣЩųľٰˡ
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Ȼ̫ˡ
Сµ˷İɣСǰר̺үģս˵ˣŲ˵˾ΪүʹЧСĸ
꣺
˵õֻǸš

겻̫ģҲûбİ취
ֱͷѻߣһԱƺƵ뿪ŴӾ
µǰѻˣ˵ʲôҪʲôĻġ
꣺

¼鲻ԣҲλ˵ˣɥӡ
ټϽھӹ͸ЩϢ
Ҳûʣϴѣһȥ鷿
˵˭ܵʵ۰
˼ʮ궫ںϲˣ֪һգ۾ͳ¡
µ㶼֪Ҹ֪ˡ
űʷ
Щ˽⣬˵ʵڵģĿǰЩ˭ʵ۵ģû
ʲôҲֲϡ

̬ͦȡ
ûţΪС¸žٵˣһһֱϰµģҲûʲô顣
˱𾭿
һ澲ˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãºԷˡ
˷Ųŷ̫Ѿб
СһȺСԺա
ֵģͦµģ¸¸µų˹
СѼҲҡҡλΡȿֺ˹
Цͷߣһѣ˳Сӣ̲ס㻹ͦôһξͷ˶ʮһֻ
ǰرزֻĸ˵
ƣʱڸƽһС
С߶ĸˡ

Թھſǽͷͨ˼Ϣ
׼ҵλ˻û
Դ˹һϢû
ҪǰģҲǾ֮һ
ھӻͦĽģشãҪǰˣԺɾͲٷˡ
ε졣
ھӵԺɵöЯЯѽϾھһ
Ц
Ҫʽ飬ʡ
ͼСͻȻˡ
˫һۣ껹ΪԼۻˡ
СʳУЦδСĸһе±ζ˵ǽڼû£±һ
ϲ±ζˡ
ƽʱԼ±ˣھ͡
Ƕھӵܸ磬Ȼᣬʦֵ±ζǸѧģҸ㼦צ
˵ţʹС´ʳԷһ
ܸ翪ĵлһϢٻͨ
˵Ŵȥȥмצˡ
СŶ鷿
̲סô£ôˣ
ؼǣʱװߵġ
꿴
ôĻ˲˵ȥͷŪһе±ζ
СµǶ̽˵Ϣþͻˣո˵һڻٸ˵һ
뷶ǻͨ˸ޡ
Ȿ¼ֱͶء
͸Һ԰Ƶģ˵˵߾ߡ

ҹЩˣһʱ
Ѿ˽Ÿˣڱصõļʽ
ǣȸں⡣
СµǶˣЩ֮ԣ䵱ӣʵ
Ǵû
С½ջڰһ¡
ʵǰˡ
ԣٶڽʥΪ״˽
һҶǶˢڸС
ԼĶ֣ǰãʥΪѡ̳˵ʱҶȻᵽ
֣Ҳӡͦá
˳µ£λϳȴԡ
ŪȻûɣطô꣬Ȼֹһơ
ⲻǼλڹﶷһ
벶
С¾ЩϢرãԾֱӸˡ
֪ٵ˼
ɶһģһʱк졣
ô˵ĻĻϰǾǰˡ
С¼ɫ̫ãΪ̫հˣ˲صģүзִ硣
죬Ǹסˡ
˻ŵû
СµûʲôԵ𣿡
ʲôҸ
ʱ䱻¸ĥˣʲô桢ǰϵĻһϹϱ
Сµܵ𣿡
꣺
СºСºصһ




143.  363-365   ֮

ƽ, ԼҲˡ
ԶһЩζĺϲҲ͵͵ͷ̽ͷ
֪ӳԵö࣬˰æ֡ϴˡժ, һ, С¸ϸҲһЩ
¹ʱ, ѾΧӳ
Ϊû, ŵе, ĳԵ, óԵͣ, ߺߵ, ҾһЩóԡ
ϲͷ
ĵǿɲҪô
ˡ
Ҳ֪ô£ǰڳʳʵûж
ڣտʼһʱ, ǲҲ, һܲײ˶ˡ
Ǯ, ԵѡԾ͸Щ
˵ʵڵ, ڳԵĶ, Ҫ̫ߡ
óԾУпޡ
Ȼ, һ뵽ĳֳԵĶ̲סˮֱ
ֱ߸ۡ
꿴ֱŹӡ
һˮ̵ˡ
°ڰ֣, ˻ʲôζѽ
ϴĲԵһ㶼񫡣
һԣҪҸİɡ
ǰ, ˵һ͵ģ֪Ǽϱˣġ
͵Ķ࣬С͸ؼҺμҸ
µǸɡ
꣺
㻹濴ѽ

ûɱ㡣
ڸݵŵЩ
Ҫ̹
µˣ̰ɣհպá
ᣬ˾ˡ
İæԵĲ˸ϴɾкãֱӾµ˹
һʢ˵ͣǻô¡
³겻עʱ͵͵Ĳ˿ټӷŽԼҲ̣һԸ
̵Ứģȴ̲סĺߺ
˼֮
ͷֲԾˡ
ûͣɲ֪Ϊʲôµر
οŪɫͣģＸȫˡ
ǲ͵͵ˣ
ĲˣȥûУ֪Ҳܳ
ֲϹ
ɫϣκ˲
֪ߺߴߴͳڡ
˵ˣһûµġ
һЩˮ
һʶľͰѿ˹
ֱ˻磬˵ˡ
±ָ˻ʱίỨġ
Եĺϲһʱɵˡ
СӶҶˣȥ˺ͷϸһԡ
ĵøǻпҵûдˡ
Ҳͦµġ
ʶôˣ»ͷһοޡ
ԣǿĴүһ㶼ǵģ鲻ֱ
Ҫٳһڣ
û޵øˡ
һʱЩ޴룬𹫿꣬ϲԵĲ˸С룬Ƶǰˣ԰ɣ
ҲǾԡ
°Ͱ͵ؿŷŵǰĴˡ

꣺

ٷǳԹˡ
Ե̫ԺӲãȥʽ֡
ָһ衣
²Ϻúúȣ궢
ǲ̫ϲζ˭ԼҲ͹ɵغ
ڳԵֻ̫ͷ˼Ȧ
ӣ֪졣
ÿھܸ綼ſǽ껥ͨϢ
ܵõϢҲ̫ࡣ
ΨһԿ϶ģ֣ĿǰڹѾҵòˡ
ǵȲˣѾʼжˡ
ܸҲ֪״ʲôʱܻ
ܸɸտʼİԣڵ硣
磬Щˣȥ򣬽յ̣Ǳ߾Ҳ֪ʲôϢ
˵ʥûˣ˶Ǹλû
Ҫˡ
ټ⼸ȷʵЩңÿæýŴס
ǣаտʼ̡
֮⣬вٵҲꡣ
ܸشˣ˵ôڹЩ죬ôûأ
֪
˼䣬ſģӦúܿûˡ
δ䣬ͷһž
ŷʱעŶСɽӰܹˣˡ
һ⡣
Ƿץ˸ƤѰˡ
ܸǰ컹˵˰
һ˵ģﻹģشˣǵˣ
Цܸ࣬ȥɣǷˡ
ܸǽͷ
ºСǶ
ȶû

˵Ҷô죿
µһۡ
ֻùԹԵȥһȥˡ
˴һӣºСһˡ
飬ˣ
µͷ
ġ
˵ʲôӰڵĻЩҪ޸ĵĵط
³ȥֻһ仰һأҼ๫֮󣬾Ҳ֪ȥˡ
ԭΪǽˡ
˲֪Ʒײû
˵ͷΨһˡ
飬ԷûӣһȺˡ
ܰɣôף
Ӳ˲ͨͨ۽ǣˣ
MDĨе࣬۾ϴڻܵҪ
һ۾ֵ۾ô׳ˣ
òǺ۲ɣ
ź۲
һƿߺߵػȥˡ
СŰѸղŵ˵һ顣
ô׾ߵģһΪ¿޵۾ˣ˵ҪС׳ȥٸ氲
Ů˲ʱ򣬾ʮͷţҲοǹҲ硣
ʲô⣬ȥ١
˫һᣬԷˡ
ƿڴ
ؼڵլĽģһ԰
ĺϲֵסڵԶſڵ»治֪
Сǰֻ¸䡣
⣬óԵķˡ
ȻԼ϶ֻ졣
֪û˵ʲôԷƤһᣬԷˡ
˵Ҳɡ
ͷǳƤʱ˸պù˵ץʲôˡ
ǲ˵ֱˡ
Ҳû۾סŴˣߵ
ǰ¸˵ˡ
ˣ
ʵԷҲˣǱ˸ˡ
ҵȥл
Сʡ
ʱɣޣ죬ܡ
һԡ
һɢ
ƫƫʱرĿ˿źܡ
ߺСҲûȥ˺Ժ

굽ͼˮϴ۾
ûʲôЧǽָһʲô۸࣬Ĩ۾ġ
Ƕӽ̡̥
µҪ㻻ɡ
Ǹ˯ǰ¡
Ǳ߶١ʦдĻҸù
˵١ͻȻҼǵãûǰġ
ûֻʦϲ黭һ
١ϲʫʸ踳رḻӣЦͣͣر˽ӵСܶ඼ϲġ
񣬻˵Լţ١ס
ûֵȥף١ҵĻ±öˡ
˵С飬̲סˣϸյʦֵţ˵Ӷ˶̥ˣһ˫ӡ
Ժܱܵˡ
˵ʲôǣͶꡣ
˵ԼȥˣһС
١˵ڹҲ
һ˼ѧϰȡһξ͹
١ĻԽдԽ˳ˣ׵ĴС
񻹿Ц˵ǰҶ˵ǳģҲͷˡ
Ľ壬Ŷܸɡ
Ҳ
кû
˵ˣ̲סɵֵ˵ʦôô棬
Ц˼ûõµĻӦϸһѾ˯ˣ۾Ȼأ˯õͦ㡣
ϣе˳ȥ

һţͼСɽվԺſڵ
첽ǰ
ʱˣһľԱģСɽӵˣͷи壬˵塭
üûʲô塣
˵ʵûĿǰһڵһˡ
˵شүżȥǸ֮⣬үҲϵĸףСಡܻܲȢӶһ
壬Ǿ͸ˡ
˼ҲӣûͲȷˡ
ϸһ룬ͻȻǳ
ôһ˵ʲô۾ӣͷһȣСɽͷ
ô˵壿
ε壬ѾüղڼˣѾˡ
ղ밲£СɽƵһ
˲㽫غͰĻһˡ
Ժ󲻹˭ң˵Ҳڼңźü˼ﶼˡ
Сɽףת˳ȥ
ԽԿ϶Ļ֮˾ǰˡ
ŵ䵱Ķһ֧ǵ㶫϶ˡ
ô˵̧֪μۣõʵǸ˰
پҲпܶǵĿڴ
ô˵Ǿ¥ʵǰġ
뵽ˣһͻȻ
̾ϢΪ֤Լڲӣôһ·
ǰϡ
ӡ
ȻΪԼ棬ԲֶΡ

ιס
˵ͷ̶ˣ׼رĸߣûˣӣʲôҪֻܸ
Сɽ˵ѾźüˣǽŽɡ
Сɽһ׷ŵ˳ϸʣ˻һᣬϸȷ겻ڼ뿪
˵ھЩѣȥúңʲôϢһСɽ
ˣΡ
µΪԼǰ̰ѶӸһֲʣ
꽫õʯƵǰġ

¶ʮˣʥϼݱͷߡ
Ҳǰ
ڱ˻
״˽ȥʱһԲִ壬ʱһȦ˵Ӳ࣬ȥ˰
ŵĹңûеôס
ۡһʱ̫֮˵һ仰ƹ۵һ԰ɡ
ƹ۵ھر
˵׹ʲôȥ㡢ʥ϶Ƕ
Ǳߣ±Ƚ϶ࡣ
߿Ϊȵۺͽʥŵԭ򣬵۵Ƚ
ֶ˵ġ
ƹۣȵ۵û̫֡
ƹ۵ĵ֮⣬˼ھ۵ĵټˣһһԡ
ָˣǻˡ
Ǽûȵүһˡ
˭췴ھ
ֻ̫˵һ
̫Ĭ
Ǽλүһʽ̫ôҲͬλ⼸մûȵļˣȻһ¶̫ѡ
ҲǴ˵еıƹ
ڹˣҲ֪˭ȷźţж鴳˽
ҲѾ
֮һӾˡ
ٻãĹٱŵñͷܡ
֣ʱҲ˲ˣʱס̫аٹ١
ˣԷ˶ڣټϹ⻹ճɵİ
һҲû찵أ֣л˸׽Ǽλ˸׽
ⳡս˼ʮ꣬һսѾ
һ֣ˣһʥϵĽ
ΧǾŴ˵ġ

ܸ˵꣬˿
ô˵ڹѾˣ
ܸͷɲǣ״˵ʱˡ
ڹﱻ죬ͺµҪʱַЩ飬ɱɱģĹٶŵƨ
֣
ѡ𣿡
ܸһŵˣҰ¸ˡ
ಷָ֣
ͷһ֣
ܸҡͷӡ
ӽʮˣʱھڹסһʱ䡣
Ȼ
˵֣ȥˣʥϺ̫ĳ谮ȵȣʵǰĶӡŮԴúøɻ
ͦµġ
ָ򶫸ڳ˿
̸ͣʥϵá
һѾ֣Ҳôһѽ
ܸ㣬ѵԼĶӳΪһ֮ǿǰѶˣ˫һϣǶ֪𣿡
껹֪
ϱӵĹҵͼҪϲ١
ټϱȥǵĵء
ǼλͷѪԼĶӹ̸ʥϡ
̫ʥϻƲء
ָ֣ǲӦҲôӦˣ̫֣׹ĸѡǼùԼҵĺá
˴ϲɾĿǰȷʵѡ˳Ƚס
ܸлͷԷȥˡ
극СǱߵϢˡ
սûܸôңʵϼүΪŵģ˺üΣԼ
Ѿ֣˸סˡ
˵ˣ⼸նô󣬾ŴͶˡ
ھʲô֮Сңȫǰ˷ŵ
ҵڿƷΧ
ԣ沷ˣָҲȷʵ֣
Ƕ
СЦǵûС
Ϊʥϻиӣǰʱųġ
ĸϴα˵ȥʥ͵ģ˻Ǳ˵λ
񲻹һ¡
ָ֣Ϊ󳼡
µʵ̫Сδ֮ǰ֣
߰£ҲûϸҲ˵̫Ҷ˻ʥõģٳ׽Ǽλݵĸˡ
ҲǸԼС·

СµʥϵСӡ
Ź¡
ѳ֮ǻȻ
µ֮⣬λҲʥּ֮С
֣Ҷˡˡ
ͬʱʥϵɥҲⳡĻ֮󣬳ճ
ǳŵĵһǽɥ




144.  366-368   +

ⳡϷĻˡ
, ɥһ£Ҳǰȵ۵ɥ¸ˡ
ӣСӵǻ
оǴðѳȵȡ
֣Ҷ, ̾ȫ
ؼһȻǰצ
ϴ˵ǣؼ, ǳ׾˽ȥ
Ҳǲ⡣
ؼ˻, ƽʱ, һ, ǣһƬ
ҧ, Ǿ, ŵ, ʮ֮ҧ˳
͢Ϊ£˴¡
鴦ڱε˷ʵ̫࣬ЩɶҲĻȥæˡ
ؼǵ, ؼʱ͸ʶһ
һ㲻ʱҪӡ
һԵضүžҪ, ֱӽ˸ײǽ, ˸ײ˹ȥ
ʱ, 뵱û, ǲܵġ
Ƶģ˵ʲôζ
ؼֻǼ, ǧأϵ
ʱСɽӰæλԳһ
, ֣
պϸС
ҲֻԶԶһۡ
Աŵܸ꣬о鲻ãۿġ
ʲôҲû˵, Ҳûʣ§סļ˵԰ϷһСºʦɩһȥư
ĸϲϷˡ
ϵС
ԭΪϷܺһЩ
صңͼۿˡ
СһӣϷ롣
Ϸͦ˵ʮأֻǰۣջü
˵Ǻõģǰͷе
꣺

֮һϾš
ոĶǱΰҲճ̡
Ҳߺá
һ͢͸æϼæ
һֱڴֱ̣ǰٷϴˡ
һг䶨ѽӽء
ԸԳı˸ְλ
ڶǱһл̫ȶ˺Щӣѧ˹ȥ
ǶڵʡѲ
ҶͰһԱߵһص֪ء
ǰεġ
ʱ
һ·СǾʣˣСҲˡ
ѧЦǵϢ᲻ǣҲʡϷ¸պȱԼˡ
ӣΨ̳ӾƵ˹ȥչ˺ʦָ֣Ҿ͹ȥˡ
֪ˡ
ѧƸװ˳ϣԸǧˡ
͵۾Ͱˡ
ߵļۼ裬û취ͬС
ĸչۺͺӣȻҲһߡ
ϸ£һžۣõꡣ
ʱӹƶˣᡣ
ʦַİɣҲأҵҼǱߵĺóԵġ
ӳÿնһĹȥ
ļ磬סۿ졣
ʶˣ
Դʶ˾ûֿ
ͻȻоһߣ᲻õľȻꡣ
T_T

ٽأ߸µ£Ѿˡ
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ںͷ
ɤӶˣҲûס
νû¶ء
Ϊֵиٹãһʱ֮ԭȵĲȻʧˣ˶ӴЩ֮⣬ûûʲô
˿ĵǴڲÿݷˡ
⼸¼ֱˬᡣ
ϵСںͷء
ĸлɣⶼ˸ˣôȥѺӸڳ
һֱвסˣǰͷܡ
ǲôˣڼǶǶ£һ̶ס
ټϣǰʱ侩˷츲صı仯
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ӣһҶӣ㿪ꡣ
֮⣬̡
Լˣٹʱˡ
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ò״ҺҽӣԭΪ˳ׯ֪ûȣֱϱѹˡ
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ڲſڣָСժأʲôΪһһοš
룬үǴүһ㶼˼١
ڳ
µã
ˣҪȥμҺһԡ
ˣֿˣʱ䶼ûš
¾ͦÿ춼ȥԼٷ
ðոϡ
ó۴Уڼš
Уʲô˸˵¡
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̨ǰڴõĲˣεЩֱͳˣǵһ
ŵµΪúóѽ
һܸоζ
꣺

µμʱСҲһȥˡ
μڰŶ뵽˼Ӿ⼸ˡ
һȺΧŸиŵòˣоãҪֱӸˡ
º߳Աġ
С굽ͷɢģ˵˵֣ʲôϵ
ǰһֱã֣ԵΪ껭úãų˿黭
ټͳ뾩ز죬֣պпլӣ˳ˮסˡ
ֱ⼸գ֪լ֣Ѿ͸ꡣ
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ʱǸʱ
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СֵǸҶŮʲôϵ
ЦΪһʦӴ󵽣Ҷ˴룿
һ¹ɽʫᣬ˾ܴ
οլӻҶ˰æ
Ҷ˾´˺ѧϵٺãҲ˰ꡣ
ԼҶӿŴʵӲ̫С
ϵ֮Сͻȥĥˡ
˳ʳϡ
˭֪˵ʱչͻҶġ
Сٽǰһϵ뵽֣ϡ
ΪҶָ֣̫ܡ
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Ͻ֣һġ
֣˶ر𾴣֣׽Ƶġ
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С

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ɲ֣ô
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С̼ܵе
ԭһֱΪ˵УǾĹٶ˭֪͵ݣһһţơ
˰죬Ǹɵӡ

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ĵرƱ˰졣
СߺߵյøҴ±ζ
û⣬ĸڼ±ء
УԺҵľùܡ
Цôô̰Сĺȶˣܲˡ
СҲܣȻҲԭġ
ЦУҵøҼ˵һ
Сʣ֪š

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Сζֱʿˮ꣬ǳ
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Сһɣʶضһ£Ҫڣµˣ͹ȥ
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μҴһᣬʱ䲻һš
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Ʊ߶߶һ޹ؽҪĻ֪ǽš
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꣺

ǴڵڶʱŰѺ
ҹû֧סһ˯ڶϡ
ԱߴϵСԹؿ˵ҵġ
һϣȴ˯úġ
ֵԻˣ
Сǽš
ӵʱԴϽ˲ͿʼۣҲͺˡ
û뵽ӣ
һʱ֪ΰο
ʵС۵ҲôҪҰࡣ
СĿצӣ񲻶ģһ˵ġ
㲻ģŰɡ
죬ͷһˣˣ
Сˣٶȷɿ˳ȥô
Цİɣĸƽ
С˿ߣǿ˱ϲȥ
Լӳһû˯źȦرãڳת˺üȦǽϲѶ˳ȥ

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µ㲻Ǹˡ
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ƲƲ죬ұȽϲŮ
˵Ůְ֡
Ӻã˵ʱ̫ãɵɵ
ô˵Ůá
Լþͱºÿôһ
û꣬¸һš
͵μңԼȥ˺Ժ
ʱ䣬ԺʵҲͦæ
ϲˣôҪʷʱ̣Ժñൽʷ
һ۵ǻʮʷҲҪһ顣
ǵ黹ģֲ̫
һֱıĴ񺼣ǼҾξ֮г£ҲһЩˣһ˶ͳˡ
֮ڲòμӿƿ뾩
м˳λᣬı˸ŵְλ
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ھһ˶á
յԺ˱һϵش˰æ
ǰӹϣֱҪȥ۾æӡ
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лһ۾žúܶˣ¿ƣˡ˴ˡԴѾʼҶĿˡ
ټּ£˽ˡ
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ϸ룬껹ͦḻʵġ

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˹ȥαһԲԲСһ¡
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Щһ
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ˣȻݱ¶ˣ;ıŵĲ£ʱûھôˡ




145.  369-371   ҵ+

һѾ
汻˵ˡ
ҡҶ, Լʱ궼ǾԵǡ
һȺƽʱÿһ۵Ĵǣ׷׹ź
ҪĻ, ָﺢӵĹΡ
úӰΪʦѧϰ
˵ﷳ겻ϲӦ, ǶԷӸˡ
û, Ǻʲô, һһش
ԭ˶, ʵ, յĹ۲, һ׹, ܶԴ
ļ⻹Ϊڲͬ
黭ļ⣬ֱǲһǰ㡣
˶꿪ʼĹˡ
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ڼҵһ죬һλ̷˺񲿵ĸߴԼҺʦ
ƽʱ̽ӺǼ֮⡣
ԵĺǶӴ
ڿӽˣÿҲϼοΡ
Ե˻ôͷһΡ
̷ҵͬ, ߴҶ˽ġ
ҲǣҲǡ
ֻõҪȸڿ, ϲϲҵڿηʽ, ɡ
̷˵ʲôϲϲ, ôѧôѧ¡
æ, ÿӶǶĸ壬ȫ·, ѧʧȥѧϰȤ
ʩҪġ
Ҽھӣλ˲Ļÿݵʱϳʱ
˳ְԼһյϰʱ˳
ϴ͡ѧϰ͡Ϸȵȡ
̷˺͸ߴ˿ͷֱͻͻ
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Ȼʢ֮ʵѸ
ʱ䰲ŵĵͦ, ÿʱÿ̶棬̸Ķʲôô
شƽʱڼҶ𣿡
̷еܲסջѺӸ͹ˡ
, λǾÿԵĻһЩҪǲϲĻһЩ
ҲȫƵĽѧϾֻһس
̷Ӻ͸߹ӵͱĺϲҪСꡣ
ÿβѧڼǱ׸ֿʡ
ͬһ棬ͷͬ⡣
ǿĵˣλҳ硣

˲С˻
ĵҵҪǴʲôʦ񣿡
Ͳֵ㡣
С߿ӱߵû֣˵ģҳô󣬻ûչͽء
Ҫûɶسµûͺãûá
Ҳ
ֹϣš
Խˡ
ȥ꾩ңͷȴҡ
ԺճУֵҲ˳˳Ĺˡ
˵Ҳˣҳɼͦǰ
Ϊ͵Ĺϵڻһѧϰһ档
ǰ˵֪ˣǾĶˣǰţһˡ
˸Ծвס
ĸûӦȢһֱǼҵ̼ҵı
˵Ӻã١ҲܴҲҪ³ԡ
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ԭֻǸƷ伮ֱƷ֪أټȥǸأΪڶԱߣضࡣ
Ҫ˵Ϊġ
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ⲻʮӣԭһֱ˻ԣھߵߺ٣ҲǺˣ˵ȥĵطԶһЩҲĴˡ
̷Һ͸߼͵ǶϲĹŻżʲôġ
С﷭˷꣬ⶫýȿ
Ƽһڵ̷ĵ伮ЦаŪˣҪԿβɹһ˻ȥء
С
ܸɵ²

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СűԼҪ߳ͷĵСӣøҵķã⺢ӳõĴͷ
⺢ӲֹӸߣãѧҲ൱ʵ
СǲҲ³ˣ
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˵С̲ס˵ǰǱ߶ڶμӻԣҪ𣿡
ҶҾ˾˵Ӧǵμԣɸ̨˽¼ȡĹʿ͵
Ϊһ꣬ط׼ܡ
ˣ
ӲֹʱϣҲһ׼
Сô˵治Ǩˣ
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Сӣȥ
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լӣʱһ࣬ʲôˮǴߣ˽
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³ȥϰˡ
ÿӭһȺʶΧߵΣֱ̫Ҫˡ
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Сһȥɡ

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СæҪȥ١
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ͼҵСֶʮ
һȥġ
Ӧͣÿ¸һźӵֽ̼࣬źڿʱ򣬻˼š
ﻹһڵġ
ĸֺǺǵرźӣһԿţ൱ܰ
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뵽ˣ̾˿
ͷһעݵġ
ںӳʱҲϴʱֻһţ졢¡ʮһ죬һڹ߰š
һһԱȣЦɲǣ
һһһһϲ
µãҹŮʱҲøһ
ÿ컭һţޡ
꣺

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ľҲԽԽࡣ
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Ӹһ˹ȥ
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ڱ
ϲʿˮֻӲͷƤʼ
ǰֻǺȾ㱳ģڵþƻûӰأѾˡ

˱һ·Ŀģǵ˻ݡ
᳤ˡ
Цǰش˽û°ɣ
ҡͷûС
ʵôæҪǴҶȥ١
һȥѵƶʲôġ
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СЩˡ
߾æҲæˣ⼸յͦеģÿȥҲ磬Ļͦ
᳤ЦǾͺãǾͺã
ʡҪμӻԵĻʱѾˡ
ԴҲС
᳤ҽ֮ǰʲô
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о˭ʲô⣬̡
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ʲô֪Ķ˵ʱ
ʱͻȻ˵شᣬ֪ɳɼûУ
껹ûڣҹøѳ߰ˡ
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꣺
˹ȻһС




146.  372-374   +ܾ+Ů

Դȥ˻, ;¡ʲôġ
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ԷҲ֪̫, Щݰġ
, ǰѧ, Ѿ޸ĺ, λʲô𣿡
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ëҲϲ
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ÿ춥һ, ˡ
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µҾãЩҪǲ⻹Ǿܾĺá
ÿϰѾæˡ
Ժ˶׼ȥ࿼ӦЩˣ˵ǰ춼ҵȥˡ
ʵŲʱ䣬ֶſڶš
ʱԷ鷿¡
Ըҵʱȫռˡ
ϡ
û¶Ҳôˡ
²ÿɷ񣬡ҵǾãˣøࡣ
㿴£ĸ㿴µġ
˵ĸ
ָɵˣֱòʧ

ȷʵ̫ܾˣۿϾҪˣ⼸մҶ׼أӦòˣһͰˮҪ͡
ͼСɽһȺ˽ˡ
ɨһۣͷЩ飬üһȫԱ˰
СɽӼˮͰӹСĸ͹ȥ
ãԼȥȥ鷿
Сɽֻý˸˹ȥ
°źãҪ뿪µһǾ仰ò;ܾɡ
û˭Ƿ˭ġ
˵һʡġ
ܿЩ˶굱ԩͷˡ
ͷһůЦףһ˵ֲǿѧõģҲѧѣ
ƲƲ죬ҪҪѧѣָ治ˡ
ʱһᣬݺ˼ǵýңŪˮ
ѾӦһ

ղֻɨһۣû
һ鷿˵ĵطˣһվ
굹˿ôˣ¿ꡣ
ˣǽµġ
Ҿܽ˼⣬æɡ
ӹֽһɨ̲סͷƤüһǼ
һҳûһܽꡣ
˴˿̣ȷʵЩˡ
ʵ⣬ȷʵЩͦټģĺϲͣһ˵
һ߽һעͷѾһˣ˶಻ý
ֱ⣬ʱˣŵȵȻᣬȥȥ
ȥʱѾ˯ˡ
ﻹһɵ±ζ
Ѿڴǰ廨עⴲϵ
ղūС¸æˮ˳ȥ
׵û𣿡
ûǰЧˣ

귢ԽٽԤڣëԽࡣ
Բˣʱ䣬Եֲ̫ˣɢ߲˶ˣðѶӸϡ
ǣ뿪꣬ۻ°˻ȡ
ֱĺϲ˴ſ̽Դ鷿һȺ˵š
æҪߡ
ĵЩ˵ȲѾˡ
üܰɣ
ϲĺٺЦֲɵӣôʶȤ
ߺЩ˻ʲô
ľ˵Ҫˣ겻Ĺȥơ
ϲͱȸ绹˵
һһģ˵꣬Щ˾Ͳ˼ٵˡ
꣬ǾƢá
еĴˣ˼ҿÿòãϲԵ
ǣֻҪҹˣܰһЩĲ衣
һȺ˾ֻˡ
ˣȥ鷿ɣҸǽ
ĿԵģλܲ˵׼
Ը˱߽˼¼ʱ䣬ҳȫˡ
ľƢϲĺãҲ̲ס²۵Щ̫Ҫˡ
㽲ѽ
Ϊٽԣ˶ˣȻ껹ûڼҴأҪǷֿʮ¡
ϲĵǣô˼ôʣ
ǲǻ֪أǵ˱˻ԡ
뻹ӰѳĴ𰸸͵ݡ
ϲıҭòС
߶߶һ·ȥ֮󣬻˰복
˵ǣЩ˸л񣬶ԼĶֵʲôǮлʱԴҵչˡ
ϲģ˻
꣺

³ˣƿ
ҲеعԤڲ죬꼱۶ˡ
ͷûʸҲû߲롣
ҪǺһֱô죿
һǣʲô˵󡣡
οš̫ҽʱ˴µģΪ˱̫ҽһεĸӽء
˯ǰµĶ£Ůɣڴůһ˾ȥ̤ˣڶˡ
£
ԴӰǰͿʼ˯
ÿϻö˷иʲôһʱ
˯Ժģж
´ͼڴϣɥҺˡ
￩һ£ˮ˺ðɡ
ôˡ

ʶŮһȥ̤ͻ
ŵȶˣȥʱż˺üΣĶˣڼ˶зһˮѼƵģԼȥĵطܡ
ʱϺĸһһ˷Ҫߡ
ȶӻһһʹܹȥ˸
ĸһ㣬㡣
ҧҧüһҲûôԣȻˡ
ղųʱ˺ü£ѵɱˤ˰
ҧҲҡ
£

˱ûͱĸŸ˳
꼱ⲻǻû𣿡
ĸȥﰭۡ
Ҳˣ˰ߡ
ĵøҪǸ㱳İɡ
ڰ֣㻹Ͽʱ䡣
˵ſܡ
˼֮ŵ˱ģ˲ſ˶ָأҪȻȥϢᡣ
ﻹ˯š
Ůżء
ſڣȥߣ¼Ȳȣδ䣬ͱϸŶһԣҪʵУȥЩɣȷʵˡ
±ģռ
Ҳ˵ˣڶӻ̫ʹԵ㶫ҲǺõġ
ȥ򡣡
ţŷǹ졣
µľϮϮһ˺ü硣
ĵʱ仹أӲš
һҲԣȥԺץԼˡ
⼸±ĥģ߰˵ˣȻɱ껹ǲС
Цūɣ´˾ͲҪˡ
ã갴½̵Ĳһռ¯ˣŷѾˡ
Ѽ͹ȥſڴʣүζô
ҧһڵС
˿Ե㣬ˣ벻ӣҸ
»ûڣһԵ̲סˣЦ˴á
ôˣͷһΣͷӣͷġ
ĸȥߣһҲ̲סˡ
µȪӳ¡ɣ
꣺
ѶȺô




147.  375-377   

ֶ콩ˡ
տʼ, »ܵӣҲ֪ʲôʱʼͷֻʣŵˡ
ͷһ, һ˺ü
϶, ˺ֶҶ, Լʲô
Խǲ, Խǽš
ſڴ, ľغү, û°ɣ
û, ָ, Ӻء
ү˵仰ѽҽš
ֺֺЦ, ˸ൽһߣ˵𣿡
, ðɣ
ͦõģ
Ѱ, ʹ˾ͺ, ´ͷβû, ֶѪˣӲǲһ
ղŻ˵, ӳˣԸ
Ѹ⾡š
곤˿ȥ, ҵӣˡ
ɱһֱѽ
ͷ
, ȴ֪ʲôˡ
һ׻ģжģѪڵģ˺һᣬͻȻһԵĵѽ̫ˣ
Դһȣˣ
¾
Ÿպһ䣺һ
͵ͷһΪϤ
ֱϤźһ£˲˹ʹˡ

̫Ѫˡ
ҲпǱˡ
ԭŻҪҲˡ
͵һҽУͻȻͳˡ
ؼʱ̣ͻȻͷһ۵Ŀ
һֱӽβˡ
ĵˣ
ͬʱĻͷš
ϲˡϲˣǸСӡ
һˣŶ塣
ϧûȥͷŸˣ꼱ţţҽȥƣҽȥơ
ĸңŵڻܽ
ĸƽ
˵ͽŸ
ٴγ˸Ÿ
ĸƣѽðװ׾ģϲ
ŵɲأĺûһǧҲа˰ˣͷһμ̥ôõģСС֣ѽСȺ
Ҳȥƣɲţſŷ죬ɶҲ
˺ſڴϣţҪҪѴֽͱ
ϲøǲҪȥϲˣ
ȻԶԶԣҪȥұϲ

ؼھҲûʲôݡ
֣֮⣬Ҳֻʮƽʱ߶ġ
󲿷ҶˡϷ塣
ҶΪٺ˶ڡ
ȥңĵ갡ϲϲ
Цͬϲͬϲ
Ц⺢ӶĻˡ
˽ӵĺӣҲһָϲǡ켦ɶġ
һᶼϲư
꿪ĵȥұϲˡ

걨ϲصңѾ˲ٵĿˡ
ԶԶƼϺ֣һϴҪЩʲô˼ҡ
ǰû飬⼸ٺ˫һѧ˵㶫ʻд֡
ͷ֣ǰһˡ
ͷһμʱϻ׶Ͷ±Ƽ˵ˡ
󷽣Ǻ֣վһҲġ
ȥ֣˸к
Ҫȥ￴ôˡ
Ҳ˹
Ц磬ǲǱϲˣ
е¡
ҹû˯ʱյ¾ˡ
ִȥұϲͷһȥľ֣
֣¸˸ֹŮȥϲơ
ȥұϲû֣һߣһſڹҵĶԾ
֣Լˡ
һֱ߶ŹŮŮģ
ϵСеһˡ
ѵô˵òһ
ţϲ֪˸ӡ
겻˼ǹŮ𣿡

ȥư
һüµĹŮˣôˣ
굽ʱϺ˵Цء
˴к¿ڴϣ첲¶ͷҲǵòʵǰҴҴǣֵ˸ӣŵȥºӰ
˵žߵ˷ɫСǰ
С޶ڳء
һ˫۾Ҳ֪ڿʲôرҲ޲ߵġ
ϵȷװ׾ôƯСŮ
ǣ겻±ӣһ۾͸ˡ
¼Ź֣⣬һʱûתˣ̾ϢˣҲ֪ôʹӹŮˡ
ⲻҽԺ򻹵õؿ
ϺЦ⻹ѽиһĶӣ˫ݵҫ
ҫҫµν
ۣǰʱʾ֭Щ֡
Ц⻹˵´ָˡ
꣺

˵Ůˡ
ԼҺӣҳôɰ̲סִºӵ
ʱõļӽˡ
ЦϲС£
Цлллл
˵ȥЩ

ӶˣĺϲȥҼ
Լȥȥˡ
ø
رϲĹ裬ƽʱԼҲСﻹæϴӡ
˶࣬һġ
òȥʱóһֽ˵ǻ֡
չȥһƣЦ׺׶Ҳ˳ڡ
ûӦ
ô˳һкһ졣
ѽѽ
˵ʱ֪ʱܸоĲԾ
ɲǡ
ء
ٿ֣¶ʱˡ
ϣͷһס
оֱ㶵ؿֲֵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
е벻ͨ⵽Ǽǵ

ӸϺ֣ġ
ԸݾеУϸǡ
պүӾôһŮúӸˡ
Ժ漮ʲôߣԼֱӸյģɺ룬Ƕƽضүӵͷ
ٸĳնڸúӸġ
ǰЩһ䡣
ΪȡȫŮûʶһ㡣
һʱ͡

׳ʱ򣬸պÿơ
С˶ûϲ
ԳɼСǴͷųʱѾʮˡ
СһﳤûͷԵġ
һ˫۾ת
ճʱȷʵûôƯˡ
ÿ춼ӻ裬ۿɼٶȣӸտʼСԲĴܻסСҲֻܻס°ˡ
С˵Ƕˣ
Ц࣬ͷѾԼˣٹȥҵϺϰ֣Ҫûʲô⣬ͿԹˡ
ԺԺʽס
Сֿ湻ġ
ǿĵģ⺢ӵŬҶܿü
˽ӣԼҵĽýܸأԷͨ˵ϣֿ죬¸˵һ¡
²Ų֪
⺢Ӽҽ̲
ϴ̫̫һġ
С˽ﶼرò
Ҳֲʳ˼̻ɵ֮ȴḡܳȺܺӵһС
ĸ¶ò
Ѿȥˣʱƽպ˼棬¾ʽˡ
ĸţһܾͻῼԼˡ

Գɼˡ
껹ûüȥС˽꿼⣬һʡ˶ˡ
СԴˣһңԵҲʶʡһĿرãǰʮ
ϲĵܹ֪
᳤ʱȥݸڿʱע⵽ˡ
ܹӼҾãҲࡣ
˵ʲôñʸ澢Щʶ
˾ͲɵĶ࿴˼ۡ
Ҷؼ꿴ʱû
ôһ˵ҲЩӡ
ͺ࣬Ҿ̫ã˶ٶھҵסĵطֻһֱסĻݡ
᳤˵λܹѧرá
׽׽Ժָܻܻġ
˵ܵģ˭֪̫ʱ̫鲻ʱ
Խ꿴£λܹӵһΡ
ǵ£ʡЩУǰμģǰһĸо۵ӱ˵Ҫ
ʱ֪ҵĺӳˣӴ˸Сϻ˵ϼҵϰס
ȡǸа֮⣬Ӻƽƽ
˵ҪҪȥͷݺ񣿡
С£ҪƷãһʡģһҲΪ
ϲĺȥһʡЩˣʱһͷȥ
򰲺ԴѾˡ
ӻûСɽ˵ͷиܵĹ
Сһۡ
СЦλܹӵ˼
˶ǿǰ⡣
ãɼˡ
æСӭ˳ȥ

е󣬿Ҳ̫˵żɽлָġ
æܹʿˣǺûС
˽Ĺ
һ죬λСӣ͹ȥЩ⣬ҶſˣοԵ£Ĺ۵㡣
Ȼ
ңѧĽ֮ǳҶĲ֣ô׾͹˻ԡ
걻ö˼ˡ
СŬǷֲģܹʿƽʱŬ˽յĳɼ
ͷ˶׼ˡ
˿εһᡣ
ҲֻǲֵǮĶ
ͳʱϺһ
ΪûǮصл񣬾ͳһ͸ꡣ
һѾ
ò̥ȫ綼֪˰ɡ
&gt;_&lt;

Ǹʵӡ
ʮˡ
δȢףһΪΪҵɼҡ
ҵ˾϶Ȣõġ
뷨ڼ˶ٷ
һʲ֪ʡʮˣ֪֮⣬мҲʶָ¡
»л
ҵȣȥˣҲš
µĶûԼҵﵹͳȥ˲١

һξ͵³ˣҺµӡ
һձϴʱø¡һЩ
ڼ˺üµҲڿԳˡ
ŴףȤС½㣬ʱ˵Ҫ׵ģ⵹ȫǸСӣֻ´Ŭˡ
˵¾еơ
ǧѡʶļСëѡ˸Ů
֪Ůӡ
һ뵽μҵҲƣ¾;øۡ
µʵҲ´Ŭ

Сѳöر졣
µѾԷˡ
귢֣ҶӺ˲٣ڴһͦһġ
һ°
ͼϰ׻һ⣬ں䶯
ܹȥһСѣһ߿Լ֣һ߿ҡ塣
ر档
˸˫ץסĽţﺰһ
ǣ˫һԴϴһˡ
׼ܵڶʱ±ŰϽˡ
ջͦ磿
һöϴ棬һߵûʲô¡
˲ٵˡ
µ۵ǻһꡣ
ʿһˡ
ҪΪǱߵĹˣ¼ȡ൱ɹۡ
ԺʿҲǰʮˡ
һʮˡ
˲١
ˣΪ࿼£һ
СڴƷְλҪһЩΪڶˣ˭֪˵Ǳϵ䷽һ۾ܵ黭ĺ
ʼӡڶˡ
һ棬˹ףҲ͸һְλ䡣
˶飬ܷٱһ
ھţܷͻһĿǰǻûһϡ
ʦԼҲ飬ϧȫĵġ
Ǽ뷨ṩĿȳ
ⲻͻˡ
µô˵ְˣ
ɡ
α飬˵ˣѡ˸֡
С˼ǰͷˣ˻ñдʷ飬Ǳûͬ⣬ͷһ
ǶǱߵˡ
붮ȥʴûæġ
³ǣҲ̫ûˡ
ԺĹְһ㶼ģֱëǡ
ҪԴ⣬϶һȺ˼ԴĻҪô΢ȥʡ

굹ûٵԾ
˻ẢӣȥԷˡ
Ȼ˵һء
뻹û£ˡ
һʡ¿ƽʿŴˣʱҹüء
˻֮󣬵ûҹꡣ
Ǹ꣬黭滹ֵͦģɣԼƣʺϲʺȥ
꿴һửõȷ
ϧ˵Ԥڡ
£ҴȥƣϢһһʱ㡣
Ŵ˵Լ𣿡
ͷ
Ŵ˼˵˾ԼȥҵĴˣֱĵİ塣
̧ͷ˼˭˵ģ
Ŵ˵Ǳʵͷͻͻֱ
ѻֱӻҾŴ˶ᣬǻûأŴ˾ôңǲʡ
Ŵ˾û뵽ôܾˡ
Ŵ˿ղŻ˵Լİô־ܾ¹ˡ
Ǻһ䲻ܾ˭һܾ˭һһ϶˫죬߹ЧʵģֻûһƲأŴ˾͸ɱ٣ãǻл𣿡
ǲɢ
׷£ӷŵСôˣ
ĥĥҾƽʱ̫˵ˡ
Ϊ̫˵ˣûƷ׵ˣҸа塣
˵ˣѡ˭ȻҪԼ͵ģȻҸ̧ܵĲԼԼ
ԣ˵ҲͦԣϺʱˣ˶ӡ
Ժ󣬻ǵһ㡣
ǣ˵ǲǸðѺ
е£Ϊʲô
̧ͷͦأҾһЩ
ڵСܻˡ
۵һˣʲôѽû˵Ҳ̫𣿱ˣҾͦá
ǲŴѧҵͣǸԼɣʮ㣬Ϊİѽ
꣺
һᣬԼǷһƨɵծʿʼ




148.  378-380   +

Ϊʱ, 迴Сӣһ껭ʱ, ر׼ʱ֨֨ѽѽҪ鷿ߡ
鷿Ͳߴ, Ҳ֪ܲܿ, ſ», һ˫۾, ֱؿֽ
տʼԼĺŮ, źôɰ, ǷҲͽˡ
ܲܿ, Լţš
ǰѵ
걾ֵʱûʲô
˿̣Ī, ƵˣҶдˡ
µСЩ
˵걧ź˴ǰ
յʱ, ϰ߿Ŵ, ͸͸, Ժؾ
ڴǰ, ӺˣӶ, Կ֨֨үأ, ҿܲ
ȥ￴ɣҲѧϰ
ֻƽʱҪҵɵĺãܸŶ׻¡
ôߴ, ˶
¼첱Ӵֵӣ̲סˣ㻹֪ѽ
˵ţûסĸƵšһ¡
ֻȫѪҺһӾڵһס
ЩκصɶϽ߰ɣ̫Ӱ׬Ǯˡ
²ˣźȥ˸ڡ
ǰ˺һʮ֣侲ʹ˸߸壬±źŶ롣
ˡ
˵ţѸӷŵһԡ
׵Ŵ۾ֱؿµֽ
ЦСӶʲôѽ
ÿ춢ô𾢡
µָ˼Ҳء
˵ţ˴ӰװֵЦ˵ԲԣС
꣺
⻰˵еͷͻͻģһСҲһ
һӾˡ
˦˦ͷʼ
´źȥԺСȥˡ
Ϊһֻ죬Сߵĸͷǰ׳˲٣¹¸¸µų򣬵Űų
СҲµֱϣֽŻغӦš
½˳Сߣ׷ѽ
˵꣬źӾһ·СˣСų¸¸µ׷˹ȥ±ڻСЦˡ
껭껭ʱСѾ˯ˡ
СҲ֪׷Ȧ¡ĸϣȵܱźܵģȦһ۵ֱ
ȫû滻Сҡ
ȴһ۶죬ΪһֻްܼĴ죬ֱӸſˡ
ίظһſ˵ذϡ
꣺
ǼҺͦôģе϶졣

ʰã׼˯ʱŶ롣
ʶı졣
ֻûи˵
˺þãԴ֪˺Ӻ󣬾ż˼һ
ڣûͦбҪصһġ
Ҫӣ
ϴ˵Сһأլӵ£ϸѾ˺üˣֻһֱûҵʵġ
ھƷҲˣٹЩӣƽʱǱʽˡ
ټҲŬ׬ǮǲصǮˡ
µĶλ¡
һдŮһŮС
ƽʱһһүģж˴Ҳϰˡ
ڲһˣС󣬴ԺҪǻ¸оӵĻҡ
ס
ʲôдλ
ȷʵһõ
µ˼ԺҪô֣Ҫô͸Сһӻ߷֮ġ
굹ǰһ㶼˵
£евڡ
˼Σ˻
̧ҧϸҵĵ㳤үˣ
˵Ӿ
ԣѹǸӡ
ҲӦɡ
µҪôͶʮһ򿨣Ӧþ;ˡ
ͷ˳ֽ˸
һѾǵðɱ𣿡
ǿ֢к
ǰֻǽ񱣬ںǿ֢ͦء
ԼƶʱҲƶʱÿԴ
겻˼㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
Ѫ֪ĸ̥ôôˣ
¿ˮҲడ
ǵ˵ԼʱΪ˼ҵӴĿʼ˼ҾƳʵϰԼҵǰ껹˲٣ڵʱ̺ǵľϵ÷ˮ
һһãĩ£һǧƿ
ôŵ׼̸ˣŷԼʹˡ
ºǺҲǿǮԸͶͱ
ƲƲ죬˼ҲǮ𣿡
ΪСϲʹѽ
˼Ҹͬ˲
Ѫǵøһ˺𣿡
꣺
սԼ

ⳡ̸ǲɢ
Ҳľа취ڴ˼һᣬôҲû˯ţȥ￴ӣ²š
С֨֨ѽѽغ
°ѴѺӴӴ˹
һΪպñĸƼˡ
ĸܹ־ͳһ£ɵѽӲܹԺͲˡ
ҪѺӻȥ
ҲĸˣڹΡ
ˣ

Ҫһ£ںԺûͦ졣
˵ȱһˣָҪˣǣڶգſھкü˵
ձŴģûκӣΪܲɣҲû΢΢ЦÿȻҿɡ
мˡ
һһ˹һȥһ£ѡ˭˶ҪʲôϾҲֹһ飬κɣԺлᣬҪǹġ
δ䣬ͼŴ˴Ա߾
ɫһףͷҲصˡ
ǣӦû˵ʲôɣ

ʱյ߷
ʮһҹ
жλ
ϲĻ˵ǿдάƵģԣȽɣһɶԡ
ϧǶġ
ˣҦʵĻ
λͿʮˣνúº͡ѧһˡ
˵ǱߵĻҹϧҪѧϰΪɾܾˡ
ʦ֣ô
Сҡͷ㿴ɣֲ̫ôŰˣ˵˲˿治ˡ
񺮣˼ǼרƵġ
ʱ½½м˻
Ҳ˳˼䡣
пǵһ۵ԭͦᶨҦʺġ
ǣŻȥʱˣܲܶѡһˣ
Ц԰㶼˭ˣ
걨˳ѻ˳
˵㻹ͦῴ˵Ʒ
ԺͻԵĳɼǶء
˵Ҳϸƹڶ¼˽ļ档
ϸµ׿ģֵ˻һֵ飬ܻӭҲм¼
ҦʵĶС
ǾͶˡ
걧ŻҪ뿪ʱ˻ס˵Ŵȥˣ
ЦϢͦͨ
ͨʲôѽǽϢʱԴ·ģ˵Ŵ˵Ϊɵġ
ԽͶļ˵һЩ϶ƲǵģԼˡ
ü󡣡
ɵļλмʰأһģ
԰յ¸˵һ飬˵Ŀ̫òɡ
ʱҲǻϻˣ˾Ͷ
Ȼѻȥҡ

֮ǰ˻ҿ˸ᡣ
һѡе˸һ£˳㲹һ䣬ѡǱٶģشڵһЩ⣬ҲҪҲ¡
СǸˡ
ѡһˣûʲôë
Ϊ¾ͷƪˡ
֪գСͷߺߵ̫ˡ
˵ʲôܱѡУΪƽʱϵá
ѡΪͬһʡģ͹
ҦҲǸ
ҦʺǺֻҲţ
С֪ܲΪǰˣһ㶼ְȽϿ졣
Ҧʣ¹پǵϲ
ҪΪڻ⣬Ǳ䷽Ĵţĺøವ
ܸ϶ѧٶ
ԣ֪Ҫһ󻭵飬ˡ
ְʲôϵ
ѡ꣬ΪŴǼеż
Ҳ̫ŵ֪˲ġ
˵ĳԶְߡ
ǣǸø͸
˵ˣʢҪھˡ
ǰ궼ΪӸˣ˳ģµԪ꣬϶ġ
Щӣѡȥʢˡ
ǸҪᣬЩ߰ĻȻȻʧˡ

֪⻰ûʧҡ
˵ʲôĶС
ŴţΪԭ򣬲Żְô졣
˵Ҳˣ֣ˮ
ͲˣһԷʱме졣
ʵһҲС
һֻû꣬ζ˹ȥֱʲôֱ˵Ҫô͵͵СΧۣȻô֪ʲôطԵģҪ
Ǽ졣
һͷǷ
ôˣ˵ǱʾûʲôˣȻûУʲôֲϻˣ

ͦº͵ġ
ղƣԷʱһ϶
߹һĿ͸ˢ˹겻ĵģҲ׷˶䡣
ķ˵ʵûԴʲôģЩ棬ģ黭˸ֹֹ¹ɽʫᣬϷ飬Ҫ󻭷ģǾ֪ƽʱôѧϰģ
Ȼ
⼸ջдԣ˵Լдġ
˴дǼһɵˣҶˣʲô¶ͽдôһ飬ȥԼûʲô汾¡
ǲ֪Щ˾뷹ġ
⻰˸ҭòᡣ
Сķˣܲǫ㡣
һʱԶԡ
ڷԱߵŴ˵ش¹ٽոʶһλʦѧϰͻڱдͻ鼮Ǵܷ¹ٽ󣿡
Ŵ˵ӡֱ½
ûμӶ֮ǰľŴˡ
һ͹š
Ϊ겻棬䡣
߹ݣ㶼ǫŴ˵һ治ף
˵꣬ԲúóԷϷͬŵû˶ȤģҲһۡ

һȺ˷Ҳˣ˹
Ŵ˻б
ΪûѡŴд֮󣬺м⣬ѿ
ǣⷽ鼮˸ѧ󻭡
ϡñʣŴ˶׳˸⡣
Ҳò죬ĸλ˱īֻһ̺ͼ
ʱⷽ鼮ԺҪõˢ
ǴӲֵñʵƶкܶ಻ͬ
ٶȿ죬ˢӸϷƵģˢˢˢؾˢһ̺졣
óɫɫˮ˼ʣ˲ֳճ
ϸСıˢ˼ֻĺһˮƮķ
ʹ߻߽⣬Ҳ˰ʱ
˺Դˡ˴˵ʱ֪Ҫˡ
극˻֣ʵַˡ
Ŵˡ
ѱЦŴ˾Σʲô֪Ĳһģ˵ۣϾѧһˣбʦ
ŴĬһһ跽Ĳ̫شҲһͼҽһ°ɡ
Ҳû󷽵صӦһ
Լ̼˳ŴǶ˼ֽۣϱ߻߽
ٿ壬Ӱȵȡ
ƽϰںɰװ̼
˴˿̣˲֪̼ʵġ
Ŵ˱Щ⣬ֱ껭˱ӡ۾˶ˡ
˿ⲻŴô
˵ر񡭡
ֹ񣬱̬һޡ
ŭĿӵӣȻڵŴһģһ
ղ껭ʱŴ顣
ȴ
˽ס˿
Ҳ˵겻ֹܻ񣬻ͨƽʱģжϳԵıӡ
ֱЩ̫˰ɡ
껭ü򵥣Ҳܿ
˳ҽһ£Ĳ֮ͬ
վȺżԴһΧ۵ˣֽкˡ
ʲô
ѣһˡ
ôһ׶סЩ˵졣
ѻõФݸŴ˵ŴɣҾͲǮˣϾǶͬţ
Ŵ˰ѻ
ˣյ˴Щʱ䣬ʵڲ˼
Щ˷ûˣԼҲûԶ١
Դ˵شˣͼܷ豾٣
Դһڣͷһô˺͹˴Ҳء
Цϲ͸ɣ⻭ȳ׸͸󻹵ϲܸͣõ𵽱ãҲûӹ
Դ˵Ǳȴţոˣش˰æ͡
˵꣬ϲ̵ذѻˡ
˼ƵĴԼߣ̲ס˴²۵ҪƵġ
˴˵Ц

ǳ˿ڶ
ȥʱСڴϿָ
Ѫ˹ߣ
¼ջþͻղˣ
ͷҲû̧أȰݸ壬ҾҶӽرÿ
˵ţСͻȻҲ֪ôģȻԼһ
ΪޣԼˡ
̲סˣ⺢ӣ֪ڸհɡ
¿ЦãæĸСϴһ¡
ѺŪãѲݸ˸ղӡ
³ǡ
Ҽ⻭ҪǴȥǲе




149.  381-383   +ʢ+ѡ

С⻭, һֱ˴²ɡ
ƷرľޡԶԶȥ졣
С˵С񣬷ǵñԼҶӹ, Сû, Ҷˡ
߰˸µĺ, Ѿʼˡ
ο˻ûһ
СĻ, С˧ſˮѽѽؽиͣ
ĵؾҪ
, һȥ, , ЩӲ
ֲ֪, Сִ˴
СϣƼûѽ
ͷ˵ĻҪ
ǰ˵˸ȵ˸ʦȵۻûƵ, 껭ֱҪ̫ţư
, ˵, Ҫд, ǹǧĴ¡
걧СС˧һ, ЦôǱд, ɲһ黭ѽֶʵҪһḶ̌, ûһʮĹףǻġ
ҲѽܶʱĻ, ô뵱Ȼ
ñžܳΪ֣ɶأ
߻ħġ
ֶƾ󲻳ġ
ο£һʱ䲻־еˡ
ָаʲôĻҪġ
˵꣬ķΧеˡ
Сֵ꣬ʦ˭ѽ
꣺
˵©ˡ

С׷ʣֻð亹ǸǸС䣬־ڴˣҰִȥԵʱСϡ
С
ôϡ
Ǵ϶ʲʲô
Сǰ¸˹ȥ
ܸܲҲһ
֪϶˵Уֻĵȡ
Ȼһȸ˸ͼĹȥ
˵壬С˵źȥ
ȥ³ġ
С˧Сһ£˰£;Ÿˡ
ʱˬ·Ļȷʵòġ
û뵽۲ꡣ
һʱеп
Ǽ˶ã
С̾᲻ôǷ޷ֿҲ°ӳڶûء
ͣݡ
ĶֻԣҪȥĻҿ϶Ҳš
ڶǱʱʱĴϢЩСѾԪǸˣԪ״Żڰ³־
˵Сò
ӼôĶ棬ҲͽԪסŹӡ˳Ϣˡ
ɵȫġ
ƽʱϵҲá
˵Ԫε˵̸ƷĶξ
Ǻõ㣬͸ˡ
Сòϣ佫ְٶȿɱĹٿˣĹٳرĹֻͣһ
佫һսƴ浶ǹ
һսĴڡ
飬ĽҲĽġ
ƫƫôõΪĽʦϵ˻йĽ顣
Ҳѽôһλѡ
⻰Ƿı飬СĹֱӸ˹ɪ

һս
Ҳû鷳ˡ
ΨһƵģͷֶһһд
õ̼һҲд
ڣһд꣬ͷ˸
мʲôĵط껹ү÷үѹصʡ
һæһ¡
һǰˡ
һˣɿˡ

ûæ˸ʺϳеӣšӣµ̶ӳˡ
뿪ʱ˵ˡ
ƿˣǵ˴
µ׵ʱʮľơ
̶Ŀͻ֮⣬˼ȫͣιȥպôϡ
˾⣬ҲŹȥ
Ǳ߿ûʲôԴĻ
ھһ£Ҹĸ棬Էҵ֮⣬æھתתȥûʲôԵġ
˵Щϴرһӱ˸լӡ
ΪھЧԺӣֻǧ͸
ǰ죬͢ͻȻͨ棬һƬʽ뾩ڳǣΧ
ǣլһҹ֮䷭һ
СҲմ˸⣬ڸһլӡ
겻òϣЩǳ뷹ġ
ЩӾࡣ
˵ݣҲϲһĸ
űԼ˲ٵĶӣúö飬ø˵³ϼҵʱҴӶز·СЩ
ĵ׷İɣҲչ˺Լ
ǣӾûʲôˡ
Աߵϲİĸ׼±ⰡӺ͵ĵݸ
󲮣·;ңԶЩûʲôø׼ģЩ±ϣȳ±⣬Ųġ
Ц˹ȥ
ϲԱ߲ӵĵ˳Ӷʱ

ĸŮǻ
˶͵͵վһֱգ۾
˵⼸۶Ǵźסҵġ
Ҫˣĸ͸᲻ˡ
ԭһֱź˸ӣ龰Ĩ˰Ӻá
Ҫһ
ŮͷͲһˡ
ۿˣ˼£û¶ҪˣҲıǱߵְλʱһҲȥ
£
ȥͶ
ˣССҲ᲻壬۵ȥ
꽫Ѿ¶ʮС˼£Сһ㵸ؿЦܿԶеСһɾ

μһߡ
͵ʢ䡣
뾩֣˵һϲʢ䣬붬һ
ϣ˳ġ
棬ʮ׼
ϲԣȥΪıӣ˰
ϧǰ궼Ϊûɡ
Ͱر¡ء
̫̫̫Ÿ꣬˵Сʵۣ֣Ҷһֵġ
ҪʢεԸزμˡ
ѧ˲һ껭ֱӻ衣
һյ˲黭Ľ㡣
ҪȥΪϾܾˡ
Ӧ£ҪĸϺ£żӹֵġ
һͷһԲԲع侩ˡ
ĺϲľҪμӿƾˡ
뵽ƾ٣Ҳ³μˡ
õϢھµʮ³ˡ
˳ǰСǼ档
뵽ˣͲɵǡ
ڿʼü˰ѵʱǱ߸ʰʱǾסȥ
ĸϺŮǰͷ߱
걧С
ĺϲĸԱߡ
ϲĵ磬Ǹǲ໨Ҽǵɩӵ˵ء
ڵһ
۾ȴʵĿ˹ȥһͷ֣ʲô໨ӻ¥
ֱϲһ¡
ϲĺٺЦҾ֪һֱĲʵ໨ء
걻ǹѼЦĥö䶼ˣ̧һ£ˣϽȥʲô໨¥ȥģҵۡ
ϲһ§סĸ첲ҲŲȥأȥƽɩᡣ
໨ʵͲȺõˣһɿڣˡ
ϲļøҪˣһ˭ᶫѽ
꣺

Ů˶Ǻġ
ǾɵŮˡ
귢֣ǰͦԼһˣǼ㣬Ǹ㡣
ĸҲվһСѵС̯ǰһѡ
ͼкüСŮѣֵɩˣ
ĸЦûأСġ
ԴһεЦЦʲôСòϡ
ϰô˵òϣССһӣŮС²쳳ҪŮ𣿡
겻˵ˡ
ⲻʧ
ʱеʱҲ֪ĸģ߶ŹŮ
ǰϾ˵˶ϲŮʲôġ
͹¿Ҳ󲿷һϲ۵СŮ
СʵҲǺϲģûʲôŮе˼롣
ԣ
Ȼ֣Ǳĸ̥ˡ
Ѫ
һ̥ų
ԣѾˣȥ϶Ǹƫˡ
ǣһȦ²ˡ
ϲһһĶãȥ¡
걧СһȦƼԶһϤӰ

˶ࡣ
ֵòˡ
вµյģձģиָݵġ
Ȼƽ̯ؼҵС̷Ҳ׷̯ӳˡ
Դк󣬿ζͱˡ
ǰó˲١
СƵģ׷һǺ«̴֣Ϊһ
Сȥ׷ˣΪǸء
ƽʱС׷ĸһ
ǣ㵸ط˶
˲ֵ㡣
ҶΪ˭ҵĶܳˣһͷǸûСӷġ
꣺
ķҵòװ

Сͬѧһ·׷
¸µؽ
Ǻ«ĳ֮⣬мС
һС磬ÿɰѧУҲᣬ¸¸£
С¸¸¸¡
Сã¸¸¡
꣺

Сͬѧô󣬽Ӵѧǡ¡
һ˱ſͷ˯ˡ
걧Ÿһ⣬׷˴֣첲ˣܲŪʲôģҪСƳɡ
ôȥ첲ҪˣԺô׬ǮȢϱѽ
ҧһǺ«˼ͷͦеģ˵￴£Щ
죬Ƴǵ򰡡
µͷš

ĹĵģͷԴ
һ˫ۺģȻ˵ĽθС
ǣ̲סֶ࿴ۡ
ΪǺ«㽫Ǻ«˹ȥҧһ
ϰԵŴҧһš
ĸоţȻӦ
Ȼоһүýɰ


⼸գе㲻̫үˡ
оôȥҪƫˡ
ܲȥͲȥǣ籾ûؼҵģһսģҲͷһ£СǼȥףһ°ɡ
ţϾͽܸˡ
˵ҪȥˣСˡ
Ҧֶȥѵش͡
Ҫʦֺϰɡ
Ǽֶ˲ϵڹˡ
ˣˡ
Ҫھͺˡ
ǰÿγԷǼ
Ȼ˼С飬ɱܸоȱ˵ʲô
ǣ극ȥʱеʧ䡣
Сű߶Сߣһſڵ
³
ͼССһһ죬¸¸µسиͣ
ͷߣСĴԲԴýҰְ֣
˵꣬СߵҲаְ֣Ȼѧᡣ
ȫ̶Сְ֣ϧСֻ¡
µƳˣջûһִۣĺ󱳣꣬
΢΢һ
ҡͷûУûС
ûҡ
źſڵģֻСߺСк
ʣ˵õ˶Ǵ֦Ҷء
͸оϸ緢Դһܱȿ͸͸顣
̾ϢҾðɣǼҺԷ淢е
ְ֡費Уⲻ;ˡ
ѧУеˣһ캢ӰԼΪǶ壬ǻˡ
µҼոҺֻ񣬺Ӷιˣѧرɰ
ؼǣյĺѹˣ⼸ѧ·
Сָ첲ѽѽĸˡ
˼ڻẰСȼ򵥵֡
С˧Ằˣ˼ҲѧУѧ¿С
꣺
ܸое㲻̫ԣ˵

оԼȫ´ƫˡ
Ϊ˺˵ԣȥ˾ߵĻг
ֻһֻһֻè
֨֨ȥعζ
ֲǿ԰ġ
ؼǣӲѧ˵

Ϊ˺ӵĽоԼϸ׼ֱġ
ڣڶȥæ
¹ɽʫûܾУʫĵѳǱߡ
ΪǱҲвʫμӣʱ䶨£ӽ¿ʼ½½ʫὫĻ͵˾
˵˼μӡ
£˵ÿֻһ𣿡
ЦǰڲһˣϷҶĹˣ³㣬ԵҲġ
ⳡʫش
϶ǲŪŵ֡
ʱҶ˺֣ϯ
Ժߣ֮⣬Ҳ³
֡ӡ
棬
ͷߡ
˵ˣǾ͸αƵġ
˵ⱾҲͣˣܻмʦμӣǱġ
˫һô˵ŴǶʱ䴦ңʵɸˡ
˿Ц֪ˣϷ򡣡
˲ˣʫᣬǵʱʦ
ͬʱЩͣʹСֶεˣͣһС
ҵУ͵µٲǡ
뵽ˣ̲סߣӡ
ЦҡҡͷСˣԼѡˡ
ͳƣǱߵĻĸټʦͳͳ˰˴ɡ
ʫûл˲μӡ
֪ʢǰ
˰Ѹɵϵݸ⼸ջ
߿ѡˡ
Ǿʹϴҹҵͷѡɡ
ʱҶǴƷģҲָ¼ڱϣԸλóĻд˸顣
ڷպó
Цϰá
겻˼ЦЦ
ʵӱ㣬ԲŻϰʼǵġ
ʱʡ˲¡
һֱã̫ˣһ׼
굹ôΪ϶ⲻΪѹû׬Ǯ
һ£ɵģϰ˴ɣÿɿԸһˣҪʮˡ
ϵֻоˡ
СŴ£Ҳѧϰ𣿵ʱ˾ͳˡ
üŪ۵ӣЩЦãܱô𣿡
Сİɣÿȥʫģְģ϶úøɡ




150.  384-386   

ʫöû, ԪǾͻ˾
С˵ĻҪãԪ˸Ʒģ֣ھš
ֱѡ, طǲ, Աߵһ, ͦ
Ԫ˻, 
֪˸ֶ, Ӵ
һǶʯС, һͺֵǮ
ԪСúѧ, 򱱲ȥ
Цָ, ˡ
Ԫ׵û˱ǻϲأôѽ
һδƽһ
飬ûôԵġ
˵ʲôó׼ȷ
Ԫ׵ʲô, ǲġ
ǰھųȥҵ
ȥ, ֪, սûô, ⽣ӰЩС¡
ѵʵǳԷ
ÿ춼Ǵ, ĽմߣпڳԵ㰢ӷˡ
Ҫȥ, Ҳ̵ֻɱʲôģкüΣҾС, ۸ˡ
˾Ϊʲô¶˳Է
Ϊˣ˴һܡ
ʱϷѵˣֵҹ
ںʱ, ˹һٸôˡ
ΪĽͻȻͷᡣ
ǵʱǶסھһˡ
Сһֱ˵佫ְ죬һʲ֪һܹˣǽԪһֱӴӺбŻ˿
ҪѺ˾ûˡ

Ԫֻھ죬ȥ˶
ʱ껹ʹ˲ٵĶ
бͷһֱ߶߶ֱͣ꣬˳̲ס²۵˵ǸŮˣǲǷͲˣ
ҡͷ
ûй뷨
˵ͺܺ͵ԱͬĻͲϲ͡
Ǹ϶ǵΡ
ˣ˵˵ʲô
Ҧ˻ܴİɡ
ҦʶڻȰ˾ųԷʱ䣬Ϣʱĸ黭Ķ
Ҧ곤ꡣ
˾̣һ棬ܸṩµ˼·
ͷ֣Լɫϱǰˡ
Ըѧġ
ΪûǮѧرӣڹͼԼصļ⡣
ƽʱ࣬Լֿ̿Ŭ
˲Ρ
ˣͬС
λǰԹ
껹ܹ
ҦһϢŨĴС
ôеʣһ˫۾رɾЦԴ
֪ΪëĲˡ
˼Ҳϲ̻Ϣ

˾ѮʡԳɼ½½˾
ʡĳɼʱһʱȥǶ
˵Ϸղɨһۣƽؽ껹ˡ
꿴һ֣ͷһϲ
ĵλʦ֣һ˽ӳġ
һ򶼲˸ʮˡ
ôһʮ
ڵҲȵعˡ
ƺɽԼʦڸѧѧģֻ˸
˼˽һӾ͹ڰˡ
ټ꣬һСС˽ӣʱھôˡ
˶ԴȤ
һᣬ֪١ֻͯһ䣬˲ã˲ѽ
ѧʣǼãֻ̫á
ͷȷ
˵˽Ҳֻ֮󣬾뿪ˣû˽ĵĽ̵кͷʲô¡
˵лϷ
Цָᣬλ壬ĶŮԺ˵ܽء
ЦǾôһΪˡ
˵ǼҰɣ˶֪
вٵӵ볯Ϊ٣ɴҿҲǶϵļˡ
˭ƼЩƽʱѧһͯҲϵ
˵١һ̳ͯܽôЩѧ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ǰյţС˵ǹԣͽͶ
ʱ䣬ڰµ׳ĳɼ
ͣظ·ʮ³˾ͻᵽ
һʱ䣬ϾҪˣĵز
ʱû³ͶſڴӵµӣʦֺʦֻʦֶԣϾܼˡ
ʱ򣬵ʦǵҵĲ˹ݺúóһ١
졣
Це̫ÿ
NND˸ӣȲϦദ;ˡ
ôһƣĸʦֶȲ

ĥ
°Ѻǹϲˣ˸ʦ֣˸ʦ֣Сӿѽ
Ǵȱˡ
ЦøٽĴӡ
ߴС£ǿɲǣǼСҪиСˡ
һ꣬ĹŮСˡ
㣬СѾͷɲˡ
ˣʱһʦҼС

ƤһòСʦּҵĹŮװɣ
˼ʵҲͦá
֪֪׵ġ
ŮӴҲá
һʲô¶òģĳ
±߼ˣ˭˵ҼҶҪġ
㰮ԣźһ𡣡
˵꣬С˵Բԡ
СС֣Źӿĵصͷţ
ˮСӣѧ˸´ѽ
˵ʲôСǵŴԴš
궺˻Ảӣȥϴ衣
ʱŹӺ
Ԫȥߵ硣
ȥı˸ȥߵְλ
ƷĹٶ
ʱĵ̣Ѿʼʡˡ
ȻΪ߽ҪĻǾפأܱô֮ŵû¶
˾֮⣬Ѿ½½ȥ˲ٰչȥˣǱߵĵԭҪţΪ
ºͳϡǰʱһҲǱŪ˿ء
´괺ȥһˣʵؿһ
ҸպʦǰʱѾȥˣͬʱֹȥʮũȥ
귢ʲô
ҪˣС
Źӵлյ㻯
˵ҲͦΣʱܶ˵ġ
ЦлңԼŬĽ
ʱ껹ȥһ̡
·ϣͶӵŴ˲пһ·
Ǹë泤ˡ
ҪȾƣ¹ٲơ
ԴϴҳºܲȾͲȡ
ǰɣӰæƣ˻ؼҲμӿȥˡ
ʣ¼ҹˡ
Ҫٳ£Ⱳӿˡ
Ŵ˵Ϸˣشһỹȥ
æͷء
Ŵ˵ش˶СĽ̵֮ϷûԺشʲô£ܷԸ
꣺
ж

ͦæ
ɵĻѾ½½ˡ
ѡʮˣҪ黹òġ
λүǼ
÷үʱÿѽǵһκʱش˲ŸյԺãֻǸƷıޣҲŶʱ䣬شȻǴƷ̶ѧʿˡ
ʱͣÿû֮ǰͽ׼ˡ
үɲǣϷôʫᣬ밢δǴʡġ
ϻԼ¡
ѡеɴʦ͸Ƶġ
ÿҲ͹תȦ
Ժ⼸λˣñȸɵ˻Ҫ
֮󣬸๤Ƶġ
ϲɻʱ͵
÷үƽʱɷǵģҲеˡ
˵үˡ
лλŴ˻
үøۣһˮ衣
̲סųԷʱ䣬²ۡ
궨ļͷҲֻôһλŴˣɵǲһֱϲ
үŤصͷ
ǾͶˣҲɵġ
ү
ԣϷ
ۣæοУǸѽⲻǴλŴҲɵġ
ү˵ɵĲܽ𣿡
겻𣿡
˶ˣ˼Ŵûʱ˻˵խ
Լǹȫ֡
үǸԼҲڣһϹ٣һƷ׶ûĺ֣˵ʲô
Ϸ㣬׻˵ٴһѹˣ˶ٽԼ
үЩɸ֡
ǡԾ㻹ϣ
ү
֪
Ŵ˽Ǿ˼ģҲС۹
ȻŴĿǰѧ󻭣ɵˣоѡûʲôãʱ϶бʲôġ
Ŵߵģպó
үҾǳ㱻۸Ҳ֪
СЦ˵ˣ֪ĶƯ

ΪӭСĵ
뵽ʲôͲȥ򣬶͵ȥ
õС顣
ΪҼǵʱûô
ǲһϢģ˵˵ʱҲûǮܴպŹӾͲˣҪʲôг
ɰ¸òᣬͻõ
겻Ϊûź˵ûǾɹ¼ҹˡ

ЩرעҺӵԡ
һʱ䣬ͿʼС˵
Ϊͽϵͳʼ
СѾֹᵥġ¡ˣѧˡ֨֨ѧ֣ɰ¸ˡ
Ϊ˻һȥԼҵĻ˶ٻףһ¡
ûôˣ˴£ɲ̫ᡣ
úӺְ֣ǻᣬǴӺƴе񡰰ˡ򡰰ҡ

˾µס
Ȿ飬ǰѵһ鳹ͷβˡ
òĸˣΪ˸õ˵м仭˼ͼ
£ڻϡ
ͻţ軭ʮţ͸ͼҲһϵеĽ͡
ڻֶˡ
Լʱȫꡣ
Сͷβһ顣
ԭСţⱾ飬žͻˡ
棬һһֵظˣҦʲôĵᣬܷ񻭳Сơ
СҲˣ㵹ǻ
Ҧʵһ滭ͼ
껭ʱŻһ˵ʵ̼õò̫˳֡
Դ֪̼û֪֮ԼĲǶˡ
СǶ͸ͼıȽ͸
ϧЩֲС
û£ҪǶûʲôˣܴ֮ʲôҾͰȥүǿˡ
һĸˡ
ԣȷ֮Ҧʺÿֳ¼һ顣
Լһɺ÷ɸһ

ǿɿˡ
ǽǰʱСȥ˳ſڽˡ
֪ʶǣڳ˸
ÿСų·˵Ŀ⡣
˹˰˾죬ʮ³ʮһգһǽˡ
һգպϢҲСһ
·ϻģ϶ڳſڵǡ
߻ʵԶ
飬֪
֣Ĺϵһ¡
žǮˮ޸޻ģʱһȺ˶ȥˣǸס¡
Ҹÿſڵˡ
ȥݣꡣ
뷨һס¡
ҲסݣҪôҸջ
ջӦûͦҵġ
Ψţò
˫ڳſһͷĵô˵ʲôţǼҰ굽Ķܻ÷ˮġ
˵ţͳ˹
ٶҲĿ֮£¶ӡ
һ±ơ
ʦ֣Ӻִˡ
ٺЦû취ѧϰ࣬ɩҶÿնóԵĸңⲻ˵ǼôҲ
ǰ˽ֵģ¾ˡ
һһк
ƼҵСѾʼͷˡ
Сɵظ˸á
ʱϲòˡ
ţСŮɰˡ
˵ģҲǡ
СڹɣһϤˣֱҪҡ
١ҵСĺܡ
׼ͷڳڸպó

һ
ͷֹ˼Ϻ١ЩŮͺӡ
Ҳһ󳵡
ﻰľ
żҲϼ䣬Ψȫ̶
귢֣ǰࡣ
꽫˴һ߰æһߵǰҾʦסеģլӷˮǿԵİɡ
ЦֹǿԣֱҪ̫á
ǳ̽լӰ
ԣоסǲġ
ֱҶ׵ˣ뿪
͵ſڣ֪꣬㲻ס
ţȥˡ
լҪеС
񰵰զ࣬լҲģ
겻˼լҾ˾˵ġ
񣺡
ʲô

֪Ǹ·̫ˣҲû˵úϢմȥԻ
Ҳȷʵˣָ
Ϣ˻ᣬԺСһ֪겻ֹھլӡ
ӣһֹһ
壺
⻰ҵһһ㶵ģһᣬ̲סɵЦҾ֪ǼҰбˡ
ǣһܻȥϵӣˣǼҹŮ밢ӵһҪԽ춨Խá
ϺߣȥɣŮ»أ㿴ǺԵԺ˵һǡ
Ŷѽ
ָΪ顢ˡ
ϵãǳ£ѺӰһֹϵʵûʲôҪ
Ҳ˵ˣھôá
ûǰѾѵˣ㻹˼ҺӸסе㲻ˡ
ͷӽѵǣΪۼҹŮСҵøŬС
ϣ
ô˻




151.  387-389   +Ůͼ

Ŭѧϰ
˼ѪƵ, ĵ
ȥһֱС˵տСˣֹֿɰ, 氡
ͷ, Ȼ, ôҹ̸
Ҳѽ, Ҳ˼Ҹô·, Ͷٵ, Ժеʱ䲻һʱ
³ײ˵, תȥĲ԰ȥˡ
Ѿ, ڰµ׵ʱ򣬿ʼֲˣʱպóԡ
ֽƹ϶ٸˡ
˫Ա߲϶Ļһ̧ͷ, ͼƤЦ˽Ҳ֪Сȥ, Ͱˮ
, ֺֺЦ
, ҪȥǵʦǳԷ, ʱҲȥɡ
СҲϡ
ºǺһҲ֪, ȥǶԷǮ
ȷʵеС˽ġ
Ͼ
°Сı׼ÿ׬Ǯȫ
ǰ
һʮ
Сû֮ǰǮΪСҲûʲôǮ, ÿξۻᶼԵ˵ģһÿҲΣȫˡ
ٽӵ˽, ͵͵صǮ
СˣʱŸǸǣһİʮȫͻͻˡ
ǵǴӽɪõġ
Ҫȥ¥һ٣оˡ
ƤЦģСƵģȡ
ֻҪ۾ģ͹ȥˣµôķϣ͸һȥɡ
꿪ĵǾУһȥѲ˵д˸͹ȥհ׼
˵תߣһ˿û
Ҷϧ˳ȥ

ȥ鷿ʱĵѾˡ
һҳĲˡ
кüǵûеġ
µ⼸ˣǲеˡ
ȻԼͣǵԼûеġ
ǵɫạ̊́ĸ±⡣
Ĺ֮⣬¿ȵȡ
¸оǵĲϵʵḻġ
ҵ񣬻ͷÿɲ٣ҶλҲڹġ
û֮⣬˶ԼҲģת䣬ǵ߲˾͸ܻӭˡ
ǰʱˣ˸Ĵ񣬽ĵȫͬʱæֲˡ
Ĳ˱ȥ궨˼ҷ˺üټӵģӦ㹻ˡ
Լҵӻ̫⡣
룬ѼԹֵĲ˸ˡ
µ֣ҹҡ
̫̫̫깬ѣæһ¡
ֻҪ壬ˡ
껹ͷһθȼŮѣ˲˾񣬡ʲôҪ𣿡
óһֽ
ͷĶ̫̫̫õĻ㡢ʯ֮ġ
ҪǵѾͺˡ
ϵô˵
˵֣ʲôʱʱ䣬ȥ巻һȦ
ࡣ
⼸ү÷ү塣
ûʲôˣʫ£ô࣬ǲҪġ
룬⼸ʱ죬Ըʲôġ
ò㱩ߡ
С鰲ŵʱ䣬ʱŵͬʱ仹ࡣ

Ѷóʼᡣ
һϾͽС˹
Сԭſ˯ˣڻһ̧ͷ
Цֲ˯ˡ
½ӹЦ˯ˣͿ
С϶
СĿȾġ
ǵǰʦĺӣСͱֲֳȤôͲǰա
ѧʱѧ˼һôҲѧᡣ
ûСٵĺӣ
ǻ
ر𿴺Ҷӡ
Сˡ
Ŵۿһᣬľˡ
껻ֽʱҲûʲôӦ
ϵ˯˰ɡ
δ䣬Դһᣬֱӵ»
ҵĿۡ
ϱѺӱߣٿһᣬҲˣһȥˡ

ֻ˼š
׼ٿᣬͻ˯ʱ
ͼ˸κӹˡ
겻ԡ
Ĭһ˵Ҵһ׺á
꣺
ĥһ׵ɫͶǰ£ô
껹е¡
£ҧǰմСʱӼͷϴĶرϲ
Ȼֲ⼸ͷ϶С黨
ԭΪѽ
ܸͣܲڼһȥɡ
վҶӵͷΰɡ
ɫǽƣ̣ȡǴյҶġ
²ɫ⳨ͷɫɫоͦÿġ
£

꽫˴ߣԼһᡣ
׼ʱֹˣȻһ¡
ر¡ء
꿴еŤ
ͣʾ
һ飬¾֪Ѳÿ
ҪһװɣǳɫҲÿģ
»ȥѻã˯֮ǰȥһȦ
ֱͷѲŵǾ촩һɣˣմʲô
꣺

ջȥ
ڳϻѾ͹ȥˣҲûʲôġ
˳ֱָһײɫĳ
µǲ̫ˣ
꾪ѽʦֲˡ
µ㻻ơ
ҪɣҾͦġ
ôУֻҪƵװ
ʱһ˫ֱؿͷ飬Ҫرһ¡
һֲûƹ
ģ
˵ţȥ
ŵһˡ
ס˸סˡ
ü¸ղŲúζĸӣֱıꡣ

궼֪Լôģôȥġ
վھǰһᣬͦĵģ뿪ˡ
갵˿
̫̫̫
̫ˡ
үȻү

һû˯á
ڶԺڳ˯˸
ˣ˺ԺҲֻ۾
СôˣղϢ㻹û˯ã
˸ǷʦˣЩһʱû˯á
Сʲôʱģô˵һ
ġ
磬ʱˡ
üС˵һϸǽӷ磬ʱСѳϺͺӶϡ
ž۵ӣͲڡ
еϧ
˺һǱߵɺɽѾŻˡ
ȥ˶¥
Ǳ߹ɡ
ܡԡмʫһκˡ
һһк
ǰǶϣҲǻɽˮȣϸ塢ҰȤ
ûﻭŮͼ
ҶҲ˽⣬˼䣬⡣
û£һĻ
ڶļɣҲодһ飬һ磬һһһξ͹ȥˡ

ʱһţƼվԼԱߡ
һϮǳɫĳȹһǳɫվǶɵݴʦŮͼЩ
ݴʦҲ軭ФرȤ
һ·ۡ
˺üȲش˳߿ȥͿվԵ¡
ֲʧģǰһ
ݴʦλˡ
û˵꣬Ҽӡ
ݴʦ
ȻɲŮò
ţоԼŮͼˡ
ǣȥ´˸к뿪ʱеġ
ͷ˺üء
귴ӦٳٶۣҲ֪ͷǿˡ
ǣݴʦٴδ̽ͷʱǰһŲ¸ʵʵ
ºЦôˣ㲻ģ
ҡͷûУϳɣʦǶȥ˰ɡ

±źϳ
Ҳȥ׼ʱ
ͼﻹˣϱסĳһӾײС
ڵһ¾
ֹ˫ȷҲס£ڳ΢Сڳſڴơ
±źӸһӰ
껺˺һᣬſĿİĽѸ
һһˮ侲
NNDǸúӰ

һġ
ҵǺͷ
˻꣬Ѿˡ
²ʶ֮⣬١ϵá
һһܡ
ǱźӣСܡ
ССƯС㣬һȥסͷϵĺ觴
СʹƲƲ쵹ûޣ־Ͷ˻
СƲƲ죬ۿҪˡ
١ҵҧһڵĺɫӸ
С˲ſˮ
ûϸһСѾͷͲ󣬿ر¡
СƵСһᡣ
ĺͦ࣬Ѻӵݸ¾ȥ˸ڡ

ո˴
Է˵ҲϸղСһʲֹ֪լӡЩ£ؼ˼ְر졣
ǴƷ̶ˡ
һнʿС
˵Ҫ¹ɽʫᣬ˶ˡ
컹˵Ŭ飬ùŮС䡣
ô״ԪȻⱲӶ䲻ϡ

ڣ껹ǰһ
˵˵ЦЦӶޡ
;С̫°ѺӸ˹
ź졣
´˺ӣֱӸ͹ȥˣԾ˺һᡣ
ǳŻС˧ЦʦڿԽԽˡ
һ㲻Сϲ棬ɲ֪ôģһӣӾۿ
һ˵СֱѺӵƵ档
Ͳˡ
˵Ҳ
ҪǼҺƤʵ
ʵرΪȻΪǸӰӱϸģӷ϶˴ĺЩ
Ǽңӱľ
û취ôЩŮˣʵЩĥĶ

ΪҶ˺ӹ
໰û˵Ҳֻܱ˯úСҸˡ
ӣ϶û
źӣҲôɢˡ
꣬Ժʱҿ°
ʱ͹úûʲôˡ
˵ſʦֺʦҲһǱнԺ͵Եļ
ԼıʼǣоӦõġ
ЦҾ֪ǼҰԶġ
ʲôöһ
ЦʦҲû䡣
С鲻顣

ֵʱһת˲š
걧ź˳һʱЩӦ
½պ˵ƣеľζԱߣһССЬӣһߵմȥ㡣
ڻˡ
Ҫȥƽʲôġ
١Դ֮󣬾ûлй
ϼÿŶʣʲôʱӡ
˵ر飬´Źȥ
룬ȷʵ顣
ϴȥһΣⲻһξнˡ
ȥ
ɡ
ҲȥأǼ¡
Ҳû룬ͷӦһ
֪һֱؿе㷢ëСʲô𣿡
ôͲңΪʲô
¿ˮҪѩ
²㱻ˣһ£ôܣҪѩǼȥʲô
ҪΪǰȥɪǱߡ
ʱܱߵСﶼɵˡ
Ҳûʲôڵãи֣ľ˾ˣǣСҲûźӡ
ȻҲпǴϲ
²ԼôõĲ˱˵š
·ϰȫЩ
꣺
үļĺǿ

º˾ơ
Ҳ֪ˣǾƾá
һʱ޻оͷһѾᵽ˯ˡ
ֻõ˸˯øЩĵؽ̺ӹס
εʱӺ¶ûѡ
ĬһᣬԼ˯ˣֱĸͷŽ¸ѡ
˯е£³ʱˤˡ
һѽ˸°ͱµĺ׸ݺײһ£ʹöʱġ
Ҳۣź׻ȥˡ
ĸԼע⻹㡣
꣺

ĸѺӱߣȥתһȦ׼ȥϴͷû°ɡ
ҧС
￩һ£ײ˸񣿡
˵žǰǿͷȻиطͻˣظ£ȴ¸ƿˡ
ֱͷɼˣֲҪ÷硣
껹˵ҪҪøûȥ˾˻ϴҲȥϴһ¡
ʱ˸պھſš
µԺ㲻Ͻ֡
ͷ
·磬оԴûʲôˣ㰲Ļȥ˯ˡ

ڶ죬굽׼үûˡ
ͱЦݴʦסˡ
شˣ簡
ЦݴʦϺá
ݴʦһ굽ˡ칫ҡ̿ˣնӡ
һչĿ䵽˻ϡ
Բۣ
ﺰһ䣬ŵ˵Ͽۡ
ݴʦǲǾŮͼЩ죿
룬ֹ죬ô
ݴʦúܳʱˣϧһֱҲʵġ
һ£Ķˡ
ǣȥûԣˡ
΢üۣ䵭ֲʧεģһ˵ĳС
¶졣
ǾУˣһӵס˸Եͷ
вνǿҡ
ȷʵòϣµüۣʡ
Ůͼ˺üΡ
ݴʦϷЩһԲˡ
꾽ҲûҪ




152.  390-392   һ

ȥ˵¡
˵, ͲҪˣ
е£˵ˣҪǲеЦ
ݴʦرԵ, ԼǳƷ, еˡ
, Цʲô, ҵ
Ǹͷǻð, ͬ, Ͱ˻, ⻭Ҫǲ, ȥչĶ飿
ò
˵ô죿
µҪ, ܶǮ򡣡
ϣҲûǮ
˵ӡլ, , ƫƫûתʽ
ǿ챻, Ͳ
ȻǷⱲĻ, 㻭һǷõģȥͳˡ
ͦе
ʾȻ֪Ҫʲô
¿챻, ǻŮͼģҲһͳˡ
Ȼֽʵͻ
մ˸ݸ, ˾ͽˡ
ʦҸطȰ߸á
Ķ£չڻŮ, ÿھĻ𣿡
ǵûУǱ˸ɵĴʦգֻһҲһԼ
ºǺʦǺȹ𣿡
ʲôУ˼ˡ
ȥ跿˲ͼѾλ꽫Լıʼóȿţʲôĵطٻۡ
鷿ﵹһɰ
±￴ģҲ˼ˣźȥԺŪˡ

һѧϰ˺üꡣ
ĳɹǰڴҶǸǵѧϰ
˽ʦǣҲһҪ
ԣȥ˽ӣֳɹ˺üԵģϧԺǶûô˳ˡ
ѽƵøǣԼţʲôĿ
Լ
һֿ죬죬ڰѻˡ
䣬֣һˡ
忴˿λѡ
һǵʱ䡣

ݴʦԴ˵Ҫ֮ÿͷһ仰ǣش˻û
һǣ¿ˡ
ݴʦĵǿ̫ˣ
˵ţӹĻ͸ˡ
ݴʦֻһտɫĹȹŮĵЦ֮£һ
껹ԱССˡ֡
ݴʦü⻭൱պˡֻ۾ûӻŲ
ϵŮ˵ûºÿƫƫ˵鶯
ΣɷǷһ
ݴʦɤӵеУ
Ҫ۰ɣⲻ˼ȥҼӵĻô⣬ٲ̤ʵ
ͷ˵ŮӱȽϿɡ
Լű˹ڼͷȷʵЩ˵ȥ
˵ݴʦ߻춢
ݴʦϷŴ˻ЩһϷô˽̣̽νһ˻ø
ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
˰ѧЦ򵥣ѻңҽվͿʼ
ݴʦû
Ҳûʲôһֽһֽ̼ۡ
ʱ䣬һ˵ˣݴʦô˵ÿɫѻˡ
ϴ˵һ˼
ͨɫԱȣֳ٣Եøʵ
ݴʦȥ֪ô
զ࣬Ҳ룬˼·ǶԵģֻһȷʵܿ˭˭ˡ
ŮͼֲͻͿϡ
ԣǽԵɫصü֮䣬øʵһЩʵڲУ̼Ҳѽ
ȻϸеĲ
ʱ򣬾תص㣬÷ͣ߰˷ưɡ
ݴʦȻֲ껭ĺԡ
һ۾͸оŮй⡣
ǽص˻üϡ
˼ֻ۾ķӣҲʵѡһŤͷͰСģˡ
СüǸߣ۾ĵۣЦʱϣЦر׺
üһݴʦ⻹ˡ
۾Сüëֶɢټ⹴СԲϣСͳһ롣
⹴һ£ӡͣһСĴͷվͻˡ
ݴʦ

ݴʦ֮ڶձԼĻ
û䡣
ݴʦƳ˭𣿡
Ʋֲ˼ĻԣǴԼ
ݴʦߣϷǰջˣͷ߰ţҸоһţøü˿ûƳˡ
¿ˮܰɣ⻭ֵ񡣡
ݴʦ㱩ʹޣ̫ˡ
¾ͦģôƫˣ
ݴʦ˵Լû裬ͦõİµĻ˹
ϸһƣžΧ⡣
ݴʦŮͼΧʮ㣬Ǿ͵˵Եﻭûʲô
ټϰ̼Сȷʵеֹ
Ž˴죬ͷû¶໭ԼҪǲ֪ԼɶҸģҲУʵûУҸҲԶ
뵱꣬ѧʱҵèɱڻˡ
&gt;_&lt;

ѻȥ
¿˰ûƳ
ƵǲǱƭˣ
⻹ôоˡ
ûУ㲻ǵȥҵʱ򴩵ĵɫˣͼѣͷ񣿡
£
ʵ⻭ȫԲҪ
ǰڳȥ˭֪ѽ
žףͲڹ˵ĸо
һʧЦҪҸ㻭һ
ôˣûСʱʱһڶ켯һ󻭲ˡ
˫һѽʲôģͻ𣿡
ˣҪҪѣ
ԣҪׯģĵģɶգ
꣺
̫˰ɡ
Ҫ㱧СҸǻһš
˵ͱˡ

ϸ˼һ˵ĶԻ
ҪׯİɣϾҪڼҵġ
ɶգֻԼ͵͵˰
Ϊѵصͷ
ͷȥѣʱѾѶˡ
ȫ̶ͦϣȻ֣үʵһŮĵġ
ѣͷٶ͸Ůζ
Ͷ֮䣬ġ
ȻɶûŮʲôˡ

û
˵̫ԶҪٻЩ㣬˱һ£Ҫģõϵıʼȴȥ
ǣʲôĵطȼÿһ档
ӺãҲͦæ
Ǳ˵߸壬ƹǱ˺üˡ
ڹ˼¹¡
꿪ֻˣʱⱾҲˣպǽӵ

Щӻͦæ
æϻҪ̫̫̫ѡ
ʱ仹øǷɫ
ÿ춼˯ĸо
ڵʮһѮµǷǻˡ
óݴʦģ껭һԱȣЦ
굱Ҫѻȥ
ûأš
ɹͣٹҲ١
˵ţͽŵͨõĵط
±ҭòУǱ˭Ƶü
꣺

ʮһ£̫̫̫ҲѾȥ
ϵæ߰˰ˡ
һƹ壬ǣСúѧ·
ƹЦӯӯˣտɵˣ
ЦֻҪϢһ׼ˡ
ƹ񲻺˼ЦЦҪǣǱСŶʮˣоҲˣѾˣƣǵǱ׼ôˡ
´ˣԼȿ¡
ⱾдǴԽĹ£пա
ƹû͵ġ
ŴٵСĻȥöơ
С
ƹźԺ׷졣

ڶ죬ƹˡ
Ͻץʱ仭ȡͳ
ڶʮһˣư治ʱͦ𣿡
ƹµ׽һᣬưʲôٶȿЩʮ϶еģ֪Դû»֮󣬾ôѽСơ
ҲȷʵƣӦһ¸³彻塣
ƹˡ

Լһֻ͵С۷䡣
ÿ˲ͣ
òˣҲڸĴ֮ڶ
ͿʼưӡˢĲӣҲڽһύȥͳʮĲᡣ
˵ģܳʱ䣬úϢһʱ䡣
ѪϢʲôѽƹ߸塣
ʮ³һᣬʮʱȡһᣬץʱ䣬ڶѾȫ̿
һʱ䣬ѾĻᣬڶǱ߾˶ǧ౾
˵ƹر
ȡⱾڶ߼
겻֪ͷǸʲô׬ǮȻҲõġ
ϱ̫ҸˣδΪƷⱲÿ춼ǴæѪ
ԭ·ݾ׼»ģһ룬ԼƵЩżˡ
һѺӸƼˣҲô졣
ǣ߲ż
ǾͺãһúϢϢ
꣬Ժˡ
СѾʼ߹ϵȡŪŵְλ
־Ҳȥˡ
ڿǣҪţǻţ˵ںԺ

һսµĻ͡
ҵĶ
ڼתһȦ鷿вУ
һɣ̲סң
æûУǾ뷨̫ˣôõĶ鷿˵ѽ
˰ӹ鷿ǽ϶˼ӣѻСعȥ
¶ѡλûͦġ
ǶֻҪһ̧ͷ϶ɨ
ǣСͳźӸʱͼǽϹ˷µĻ
ʲôʱ򻭵ģ
һʱˣˣŹġ
ϵ⻭С½㱾һ㶼
룬ɲǣΪ˺üΡ
ʲôˣʲôˣ޸ĸģһǮˣڶӰˡ
˵ţݴʦүˡ
ݴʦѧϰһµͻԴ˼ֱЩħӺ»Ļһʱܴ
һֱԼﻭڶŲһڶҲմϱߵġ
˴˿̿껭ģôһԱȣ˲͡
үǻǹȻͬˡ

ݴʦҲ֪вͬ
һ껭ģٿԼģЩѹ
˹裬ת˻⡣
ʦι˸͵񣬰ݸ֮⣬үǴȥˡ
ȥǣ
үͷ
յţĸ岻ãγʱҲˡ
Ǹûȥôأ˵ӵѾͣˡ
½·
̶ӳʱպ֮ͬС
үԺȥĶ
ҡͷȥǱߡ
һıͽְλԣ¾ʹ˸ˡ
Ҳֻµˡ
¸ȥͷھ
ӣڼ˲ţȥʲô֪ģɱʱһ㣬ھ
ںԺ˵ʵûԡ
ˮٵ㣬ʵݹ¸оʺġ
ƽʱôæ˹Ӽÿ¹̶ʱмѧѧ
ϲ
Ժ¹ɽʫᣬֻԽԽá
ȥͷ¹ɽʫ϶ǲμӲˡ
үִмĻʦҲһˡ
µ˼ھʵá
һѧʣһ߸Լϲ¡

үû´˵֡
ǱũϣΨһһŮˣҲǱʷͷһѴһͷŮӡ
⻰̲ס˴ĴָȢ˷򸴺󡣡
굫Ц
ʱ֪ˡ
ү߱ġ
ʱ̳ӾƣȾƣʱȥȡ
ڼء
ĺϲҲϼң˶ϵүġ
үˣǼСǲ³
Цȥǵʱ򣬻鷳ո
үЦĵĿ϶ģǼ϶Ϸθڡ
ϲķʮˣʮġ
ү꣬ʲôҪ
ҸŵԵİɡ
Ҳ˵ĵδޡ
үȻЦʱУøԼ䡣
Цû⡣

ݴʦû뵽ôҪ
Ȼֶˡ
ʦ˵꣬ŰԼ⼸ջĻóѰѹء
űǰöˣӰ棬˵һᣬݴʦһһүĴߴ뿪

ǴƷ̶
֣ݣǼͽľرࡣ
ʶĲʶģܹϹϵ
ӭһξ͹ꡣ
СͬѧҲա
ĸæ
Ҳ³ߡ
᳤ιȥҼʱһڻؾˡ
᳤ȥŴ˵£Ҳ˵ˣ˱ȥʵ󲿷˻ǺõģҶϣ˵
Цֻ֪治ɣǼұȽæȥǸ˻ģˡ
᳤Ȼ
ʱСյʱһҪ
ЦŽ͵ſڣһתͼСſڵǰҶӡ
Ȥôһҧˣ
Цɲǡ
˵ˣʵǵȥʡĹԱǡ
ȥ꿼õһ᳤޷ǾǼ˵һЩ
ټ֣
ٳЩӡ
꿴ʲôӵģƭ˵
ԼѧãʱҲûʲôá
µͨ˾Уɱ˵ʲôͬķϣȥһˡ
ȥһˣЩ
ġ
̲סǣСϣݳȥɪһˣǸСѺˣǹȥһ¡
Ӧһ
Сܵ鷿˵һһ̵˻
Ϊ԰ȳܵÿ죿
оӶɳȥˣŵ඼ˡ
ССɵӻֹģһ·Ͽˮɵõǡ
겻ΪСףģ£
Сֻᡰš
ĴԴԣһ
˵ŰѶӾ˦˼ϡ
¾Լٸ˴ȥõಡ

˵
СҲֻñźԱߡ
һ·ϻͷǸܸܵġ
ӣӵС￴СЦ˳ѺһЦСԽԽϲˡ
룬ǲˡ
ͷӣô˵أմԽʱЩ
ڼʳɹȻ¿϶ñŸһʡ
ҸС˺üСѡ
ɰСñӡ
ϱȻһᣬСոպá
˳Ảӣµ˵
ֻñźȥͷˣȥˡ




153.  393-395   ץ+Ŭ

Ϊһֻܳ˯, ô޵Сӡ
Сͬѧյһ죬컹ͱĸϸˡ
һһס
˯Ժ, ɿϤ, ¶Цݡ
Ŵͷ˯˹ȥ
ĸЦСһ, Ƣһ˰ꡣ
ᡢ, ֪ˡ
ЩĴ, ܳ˯, һ, رϴˡ
ǼҹŮ֪, ˯ܰݶˡ
ڻûء
ϺƢá
ЦЦûӻЬӸϡ
Сŷ˼Ȧ, ûѣֻýӱȥꡣ
ĸȥˡ

⼸նûȥ, ˼, ٰǼ, Ҫ³, 쵹뿪硣
ϵ黹ͦࡣ
ҪСռ¡
æѾˣִϱ, ȥʲôġ
̲ס˺üǷ
ϵǿʱ磬һæˣٺúϢ
Цû¡
˵ŰС˹, ڶӵԴߣѡ
Ŀ֣㣬ʱ仹û, ˯ᡣ
갥һѺӷŵϣԼ˱鿴
ȥץҪĶͱʲôġ

꿴˼ҳ飬ͼϵСӷ˸ĴڴͷƨŲȥ
꽫ڻЦ
ţ
걧źȥ¡
ͼĸһʰķ䣬һ߶߶˵˽ʲôӣ㵹ãģ㿴Ӷǿ
ֻͷ䶼ǻ
С໵ؽ
ŵϣЦȥȥ
Сվһ᲻֡
û£㣬߹ȥ
¿ٽͷãӵСкóԵġ
Сֿ꣬Ķ
ŲŲôʹСȣ󶶰ģͻȻ˳ȥ׷Ƶģͨͨ˽»
ĸСţͷĻ˹
ղżҲҳ˵»ĸСģֵѽŵСԹԣ˲˲ء
һ䣬Сߵؽͷ»
Ц֣Сְ
˸ղŵľ飬Сĥ룬СȾ˹
ֵ⺢Ϊʲôǽż·
ĸ˵ʲôĻֳһ£Сǰ红ء
ºߡ
Ƣ꣬Ķ䲻ꡣ
˺ӣüһĶ红ӣ֮СԸĶǿ
ÿȻǵôɡ
СػĸأСһſ»ĸôˡ
ĸ϶Ƕˡ
˵ű㱧źȥʳ°Լʰɾ
ҲҪߣ°˻˶ʮһʦǹҿ϶ӵģÿһ
ͷ
С鲻ࡣ
Ǽ³ȥˡ
ǵǻӹպԴҲټ˺졢Сǣ˵Ҳʮ
ҲһЩ

˳ʱ̣½½п˸
˺Ժ֮ͬ⣬һЩƽʱϵõĴˣ˺
С˧ܵõѾܿˣһȺƨɺͷܡ
СƽʱС׷ˡ
ڼСһ׷һܣҲ໵Ҫ׷ȥ
ȦоԼˡ
ڶҶСֽš
æźȦ
Աһվ£СôˣСС͵ľͲˣ
˰ɡ
СٺЦ
ǡʱõСǰϲ
ӭȥ쵽鷿Сȱ
Сһѳ
СݣֱӸˡ
ƽʱرϲĶСεûץֿ໵ҪȥԺ׷Сѡ
ֻýӸ˳ȥˡ

տļʱʱ̡
źܵͷ󺹣ղűСЦˡ
һҧ
С㣬ֹô򵥡
С㣬رʵģСܵ÷ɿġ
СС˼Ȧûˤ࣬ôвУ
С
湻ǳѽ
СԼҺӶûôմС˶ˡ

ڼʱһþץˡ
걧źӣȥ棬ŰѺӷŵ׼ĺϡ
ϵĶڵûͦȫԵġõģиֹߣʲôķıī顢һֻСľ
С껳ʱѾˡ
ŵϣֽŲõ˹ȥ
һץסһ֬
꣺
Ǹֱ񰡣Ȼһ룬Сҧһڱ㽫һԣֽϴνԪСĵ໽С
¸СӴСͱѻ壬ϲĶ
ϲǮ
&gt;_&lt;

갵˿
ֻҪǸ竾ͳɣȻһСתץһ顣
໵س˹
ֽӹԴСԣллС
С໽ǼֵǵС໵ҪС档

ССѵչûá
ӵѡͦġ
·˷ҺӣûĻɡ
ôһ־
ѽ϶Ϊǻᣬ˭㻳еʱͿʼһ
㣬֪ϲʲôõģõĺӡ
ᡣ
ȻûΪ۵úȦˣֻǵ
еˡ
бһۣˣˡûᣬ㲹
꣺

ա
ԸоСߵøȣˡ
˵ʱ̶ţܴһԶߵڵˡ
һһ
ǻԽʱССѣܶתһȦˣϧһԺŵһƨɶ׵ϰ㲻Ųѡ
ǼԼõơ
ϸˡ
Ϊ͢ȱںܴԭ
ȥĶƣԼĻԣĿ˵Ҫࡣ
˵һϢԹ䳬ʮľˣûеģֱȥ٣ȥࡣ
˵ϸ飬Ҿûʲô⡣
ĻӦöС
η˵ãϾ൱ɹˡ
ǰͷСǱߵլӣȥȥˡ
һլסʮġ
ɼ꾺ļң˵¼ȡȥ췭ˣοҲֱ
˾䰢ӷ
ҪԺںԺɵҡ
Цû⡣
Ҳ̫Զˡ
ϸһ飬ã˵ķȽϬǱȽ뻯й۵͹۵ġ
⵹˵Ĳıˡ
⼸˾¸ƣϢʱ˼һ춼鷿
¶һЩ
ϴż˵𣬱ҾеС
١ĹϵԺϣСͳǲһ
Щǿˡ
꿴ˣֻƾֱǲеĸо
ƲƲ죬ɡ
׼ȷǷС
ϸһ룬١ҲŵԣǲˣҪ˵УЩʵġ
ֻ˷зǷС
ϸ£ܸоһЩ
ȷʵЩ뷨е㼤ˣĿ࿴
ǰ˽ʱ򽻵٣ľɿת£ܸھƷɻ
ͶӡĹ۲١
Ȣ˼Ҿ̫õıãЩǣøĳ׶;ԶеҪǿ

ԣо˵УĻĳɼӦõġ
һãǲ

жϵĲࡣ
Գɼһʮңӽ٣ҡ
ڽѰȡȽ϶࣬ɼ൱õˡ
ʡеҲͦ࣬ȥûеĽҲ˼
ݰʱҲŹȥˡ
ҲܺȾơ
Ҳȡ
һֱʣͼ˵һԼ
񲻿ŵĹﶼôҰ𣿡
ǣעܲһ㣬Ⱦ£
һУ㶼ûطȥ
ϴңڱ𴦹Ժͳ̸ˡ
ͷġ
ˣǱȰź
ھУ꣬Ҳû˵ʲô
ҲȽ˵㣬Ҳˣ굲˾ƣԣһ˳ҲС뱭
ȥ·ϻһ·Ʋˡ

ź档
оζȾˣ
һ߻ѣһߵֻһ㣬ʦֺܴҵ˾ơ
ζ󲿷Ǳմġ
嵹Ǻȵò٣ʱȥġ
µȻûȾƣẢӣȥϴ衣
ӣǸ˵
ƫƫҺ챿˻ѧУẰһ䡰
໣
һһؽ˵˺Զʫ
СһҲ֪öһ˵һ顣
СһŰؾͿʼˣоԼãǶԵġ
»ʱڽ̡ɽ
տʼǰ飬ӻһ˵飬ӾͲˣֻʫ
ͷߣ㻹ء
˵ñʫôôЦ
һҽ̣һѧ
һҲԣԴӳûôùĶ˳
µһӣô
ŰѺӸ˯ˡ
꣺

¾ϲطһ㡣
ֻҪһҺ׼˯
ҡá
ǣֶһ¹ÿϺӲú˯ʱ͵ӡ
һ죬ӷĸһ˯ˡ
ֻȰСıصĸǱߣٻ¡
һ֣ͻȻо˲١
ϸһ룬ɲǣϴαʱǽʱʱԲģװ۸ǰƵģͦȵġ
Ѿݵøճǻˡ
ǣϸһۣоǳֵÿ
ᣡ
ͦģϸһֱؿ
һ˸׳ȥ
ֿ죬һ§סĲӣĹס
ʲôأ
ΪһһէģÿӦ죬Ȼ͵ˤˡ
ڵһ¾Ϊ˯ˡ
µ˯ôˣ
ûûûҾǾеˡ
ǾͷܣǴļڣÿ춼żҵģ񻹺һЩ
üëﻹһŶ
˵øϸһЩ
ͻȻǶȻǿ롣
볤ûģɫе㷢
±﷢ë첲᲻᣿
꣺
ȻŸ˻ôá
&gt;_&lt;

꼸Ķӡ
±ˤòᣬڴϻȦȦ
䶼ûأֱȥ˾ʱСѾˣֱУҪ
ﱧźӵ鷿վǰ껭
ϰԵػһŵȸˣְ
˵ʻ£ͻȻ֣û
ֻõӣ鷳һС
Ӳ˼ˣū澲֡
Ŷһͷһ̧ͷһᣬͷģһֱû
ĥĥСߣǿڸôĥĥߴߴġ

ڱǧġء
Դץ죬Сһ֮¾;ǶûĻˡ
Ϊ˲öƲʱ䣬ÿ϶ҳĿİ轫־ˣ⼸ִ鷿˱ǧġҲűҳ
˵ʵһֱö鲻ѡ
ֱ˿ԼŸоҪ
ӽʱԼҲһæͷ¡
껹ΪڿʲôС飬װûƼЦ£Ȳ㣬໽С
˵ţͰС
ȹȥˣǿ
Ӧһźӱ߱߱ղżסļ䣬һôҲ벻ˣòˡ
꣬ԽԽˣˡ
벻еܣԱźֻȥˡ
ѺӷŵϣԼֱ
һһĶС໵ظŽУͣˣСҲͣˣŴԴͰ͵ؿ
µȻᣬϾͱˡ
±˰յʱ䣬Сտʼ໼Բˡ
Сֿ±ϵĻ䡣
ҵȣţ˻û
ҪҪ£ͼ±źż
Сһ꣬һᡣ
ָһ£㼱ʲôСС͵ľô롣
ܱÿЩһֱԱ໵ġ
ӻЩҡ

˹ˣĪ˿
ʻǰ˳ࡣ
½СϣԼŻ
СҲԵʾºܺÿܾʡ
ûʲô£Ͼôһᣬÿ쾡໭š
ͣʱŷֽ첢ûбƽʱ٣ʱӡ

»ûȥ顣
ѺӸĸԼȥˡ
ʰöСһᣬҲȥˡ
ΪһŬرϲˡ
ڶ죬ûʱºĸվһΣֺӵԼȥС·
ҡҡλ߲˶ԶСһ꺰ͷЦ
󣬲֣ҡҡλε˹
߲Զ׼ǰͼ³˰֡
ֻվԭصȡ
ȻСʮͣ˻С˹
һͷ껳
꾪ϲȻôԶˣ
µȻͻȻˡ
ǰʱ䣬תȦ
˵С͵·ģΨһģӻ˵
ǰ滹Ằְ֣ںˣֻ໡
С˵ǸͰɣ
꾪ô˵
㿴ÿζ໣ţм仹ͣ٣һǽô죿
ѵԺֵֻ˵
걻˵ͷֱͻͻҪ˵ģҸ̫ҽơ
ĸʹӺͷһ£ŽأӺúõĽʲô٣㲻ѽǱˡ
ʡ
ÿֻ˵
뵽ˣݺݵһۡ
꣺




154.  396-398   ѳ

˵ĸѵ, »е㵣ġ
ź鷿ȸʱСҪǴȥͷĴƣ
ڶˣ
һ, ˵ӦҲͦİɡ
µͦ, ﶼẰ
һе, ô죿
ǲ̫ĸ
ĬһҪ, ʣ
ôӵ, һཻһӦԡ
һ˵ġ
Ϻ١ҶǹŮ
ȷ, ·ͻ˵, ԰Ȱ, ˵ҲܽȫһңϾ˵, ȫԱʫˡ
Ҳ֣С˵ر档
һСƵ, 
, Ҷƫ, С˧Ҳ̫˵𣿡
Ǻӱİɵ, Ψһȱ㲻̫˵ǼҺӻء
, û¶
Ŷһ
ﻹûףڶ죬ӲǴź˸
ȷûʲô, űźӻˡ
˵ȥҽˣ͵͵˸ĴָҲ̫ˡ

극, һźӵ֣ڼɢ
Сǰͷ¸µߣӿĵںͷ׷
ýһ꣬Сһһѽ
˳ϣС˧һܷ·ġ
ҺҲ̫ˡ
ȻеذָɿˣͼС׷С߸¸¸µǰߡ
ºˤˣǰ׷˺һᣬֺӸûܵûͦ죬Сĺݡ
С첲ֵø糵Ƶġ
̲סˣСƽʱͦװġ
µ䲻䲻⡣
˵ţͼ㵸СܵСžˤ˵ϡ
һ˹ȥûǰСһԼ
һĸڡ
žһ˵ϣίСģˡ
걾µԼֲۡ
СŤͷ˿ƲƲѿ޸ȥˣԱСߵĲӸվ
۵ذѵϵĶë㣬㣬Сһͺˡ
°Сߵͦġ
ôһ˵Ȼ֣СѾʶˡ
С߻ĸʹ¹Ķ졣
СߵĲӣСҲ˳ϲ˲䡣
¿öۣѾĸչСȥ鷿
ΪǴ߸ϣµǲҪȥѳˣ
ͷأϲŽӵϢ
˵ģǰ֪ˡ
¹ɽʫñȽϴҪʫ˶۵˵ûôĿռ䣬µʱЩĲ˽ҡ
ԣ͢ѳΪԺʫľٰء
·̡
ԺҲᶨѳˣǱĿǰѾʼԺˡ
һǿǵ·;⣬ǿǵȫ⡣
ԽЩʿ˻Ž˾סѹѧΪ·;ңԶ໨Ǯľѹ
ڶ˸С
á
µҴСһȥ
û˵ô
ȥģֲΡ
µȥǱ߿ǱߵĵؼۻзۣԣǱլӰջӦҲ
¹ɽʫͻԵ൱ɹˡ
ãԺѳǱ߷չ̫
ǨǨ˵ԺԺʫᶼǱߣָ͢иļƻ
ҲУǵʱиӦ
ʫǴ°쵽¡
Ϊʮ졣
˵Ժ󣬲ÿʫˣһڻ֮°졣
һЩûеģΧۣʡ·ѣһá
µǾôˣʲôʱߣ
Ѯɡ
һʱ䣬а£׼ˡ
֪ȥǱլӣǮ
ŻҪ
˲оѹɽ
µˡ
ʵӾƷʼƣǮͿ˲١
Ǳ˵ˣ̶ӵÿһȥϼһξƣ;ǵȵأпͻ¡
·˳û
̻˫Ӯ

ھ֣Եˣ϶øˣõҲǵľơ
ţԺǳʲôͣģǾƷҲͣˡ
ǰʱ仹ƹɷơ
ҪЩƣŮǻ
¾ǾѾưɣǰڴǱ˼ʮĶѣʱһ£ԣԺ󾩶߾רѾˡ
Ǹ꣬ҲͦãԣµǮȥͶˣʵˣرҲ൱ġ
ǲǿԺԲˣ
ü˽Ǯ
꿴鲻ԣæûУûУҾ룬ܷӵǮұϾҲݵˡ
ȻһשƷס
µԺһķǮϽˡ
Բһ䣬ֱ̫ˡ
ڸһķ棬һŶʮһµһٰʮ
ôܴһʮ
꿪ĵôܴ꣬ǧ˽ˡ

ȥѳǵĻ˺Ҷˡ
ȥѳ֮ǰȳɼˡ
˶ף˵ĩβҲʿʸμʿԡ
ηЩʧͬʿ
ĳɼҲ൱ˡ
Ϊ͢ȱͦǶǱߣ˳˳ı˸ǱһλãСЩںԺ򹤵ĻҪôһ
ҲǺǨеѡ
׼ʿĿԡ
˵ϲƣºСȥѳǡ
ҶΰҶСҲˡ
ΪܵϣҶСֳ˯ʱСβƵĸꡣ
Ҳû
ҵ
ˣҶСֻǶȥ
µԵá
˼Һ׵Ҫˡ
Ȼұϲ
ҶСֳǣҵǾһС
һֱ˵ƫˣȻҲܻڶǰǾǵܵܡ
û뵽ô죬ֵһǣͲ̨ܱ
ҶСֺٺЦ磬ڳƲƣҪ³ɣ
ѽպá
ٹʱͲˡ
ҶСȥƥ
µҲһƥҲòˡ
ҶСӦһ
һᣬǣƥ

Сڼʱ걧Σһĵֱ֡
³һ´ʡ
ǣ˲֡
¾еģɲòϣ⺢ϸĵġ
Լϱӵļҽ̼ãҸ
ҶСֵģһŤͷѾȥ
껹վͷЦ磬Ǳһɣ
ȣұȹĺӵ˺ޱӡ
ҶС֣ҲŲأ
귭ֽŵС˹ǰһţһֳһֱźӣȣһôСأȣɩӱȱȡ
£
ôƲ˭ѽ
˵ģȷʵô
Сר˽̵ĲԶˣҪҶСֱһӮ

ͦĵġ
ҶСֻ治̫ȣ˵СǸŮ˰
ҶСɨ۵ǻǵȵѳǱȰɡ
һͲˣȾͱȣ˭˭ʼ
ҶС֣

黹ͦġ
İأ˲ٵ黭
ƺƵģԼͷβأ˭Ȼ˭Ӯ
걧Сͣ
˵סССֻ˻ӡ
˴ٳǰȥ³˵Сϣֱӽ˸˻
СֱС
䶨ŽӸ§ãС۾ĵֱС
Ҳûô⣬ֱҶСֻˣ˻ڱŤͷһƣŤŤģܻʱͷɢˡ
˵
ҶСҲûԼӮ˶࿪ģ磬ʱǱһ
Ȳҡ
ҶС˦ͷûô֪ұȲ㡣
ܱȵùԪ𣿡
ҶСҡͷ
ô˵ɣԪ׶°ܽ˵ˡ
רҵİ

ˣ˵֪ԼУһСЩӹҲס
ͷһ䣬רҵģ㲻Ȳҡ
ôһԱȣ¾͸ˡ
ڽԪ״ҶСִ
Լǵ׵İ
ǣϢʱͷϴ󲻸ˡ
ԷʱӶ
Сſű߼ΰȹӣ
һ裬ôˣﲻ
²˦һס
ֵˣ
ܰɣСϼǵûӣǵõʱ¸ʱرĵ˵պ·ͦġ
ֺֺЦƿ뿴㡣
ŶһѱӵݸСȥͷȥˡ
¼ֱĿɿڴ

ʱѾϴ˯ˡ
ɨһȦһŴԼռ˴ţλǸСġ
ĬһᣬСһȥϴһʱСźá
ԼƴƴоʵڲãҪ˯ӡ
һ벻̫ȥС죬һţͼСĵƶˡ
ֻûػˡ
˼Ŵ̵ˣҲ̫
һ̧ͷͼϿճΧһأҧ㻹˯Ƕתʲôأ
Ҳûط˯𣿡
һģܸܲˣǷʵǷַ˯İɡ
ºߣͷôϿճλøһЩܽ;ͽܾͣ˯ȥ
ͷܣ϶ܣλõġ
˵꣬ȥ
üһһɣպ壬Ҫٿ㣬ƶһ첲Ҵˡ

˯һ̫ʵ˯ǰһһԼϲܶܶ
ڶֱӰ¸ͷˡ
Сһ˹һߡ
²㱻Ρ
޿ǶӶѹˣ𿪡
ǵԱߵСֲҴ
˺üƤ
Ժģֱ۾˯˼룬͵ۣĿԡ
ҧ˯ô
˯ȫޣæ˸˯ãõġ
ŵһɵζһ룬õĻƷ
±ѹ˴ҹ˯ȫۣλãŷôҲˣֱ˿̣Ȼ
ֳ꣬ˡ
룬⣬Ͱȡ
Աȣǰʱ׵һȣڵ൱ȣϸҲ൱
겻òпȱĺÿˡ
ǣۡ
£

Ӿѳǿ죬˾졣
˶ߵþͲô졣
·ϺƺƵ˰죬¶ʮһգǵĿĵء
һڣһ·һ䣬һŴ
ǰͷľ飬мͷ˵ͦõģôͷš
Ψһģ˰м伷
ĿĵأͷһԼѡ˸䡣
Ҳͦ˼ģһ߰һߵʱ䣬úϢҾ˯ڣҪСô͸͹
γţҲʹ˸ѾС
ҪС̣ĸҲûֻºһտˡ
Ӧһ
ʰãСѾСһš
ԼĶʰãȥҶǶ򵥵Ŀᣬ͵׼ʫˡ
Ҳֻʣ¼׼ʱˡ
ԣ⼸ջͦæ
ҲûţźӺѾˣߣûլӻء
˷ͷж
Ҳʱ˵仰
ֱʮ²ͣ
ʫ³һʽʼġ
ļ죬Ҷ˺˶г
Ҳ˹̣Ҷ˺Ȼؾȥˡ
ֻͷˡ
ʫϴ
ʫǱߵǰһеɡ
˵ղţһ߸СιһߵҪȥʫưɡ
»ûȥ
ȷʵе㶯ġ
һ룬ȫˣȥ˶Щ˼
ؼе⡣
һ·Ҷ˺ڣ˶ѳǻҾû˵϶Щ΢ǡ
ִȥʫᡣ
µ㲻㣿
㲻ط˵ȥˡ
üѵүȥ
꣺
ô˵˵ž̧ˣ

ʫˣ黭ʿ֮⣬и涼˲š
ũֲ档
͹Ҳһˡ
ǰ컹ôûʫᣬΪǱũ飬⼸Ҳչ͹ũֲС뵾ȡ
ϣи˽ũ飬ͬõӡ
˶Ϊθһġ
֪ǰ˽£ǵ˳糵
µԣʫᣬĿǰ˵ѾС͵Ľˣ
ͷ˼иҵٮٮ߶μӡ
λйһ˵ȡ
˾УˮоģϷһǹˮ̵ġ
ԺʫᣬѾϵʫˡ
зᵹǿԡ
ԺӦûƣ˵ذջȷʵС
µҵǿȥ
պι˼һЩӣѳǵĵʺʲô
Щʰʰ

ʫᣬ˵òࡣ
ϲֲֻݵ˶ࡣ
֪»ũ֮󣬻в˹⡣
˵Ҳм˲⣬ѡ
һ棬κǴоݣЩƲӵˣ˸Ĺۡ
걧źӣʫתȦ
СҦڿ壬Ҳ˹
СҶ˵һ̡
Ҳ໽ˣŴ۾ýζ
һô£ܿʲôٶȿˣе¡
ǻСͷβ
СЦ˵ʲô۾գһ¡
ְɣ
ϴδڽϿˣֽкãѧ
̡ӡ
䣬ͼС໵صСҪ³档
˸û˵ӣһӣССַȥͦġ
ҹʱСڡ塱
һֻɫСèֻɫ۾Сֹ




155.  399-401   һ

ʫµ׽
û¾źͷתơ
СҲ, ˭ֹģѧ˼ôʡ塱
ٴһЩĺүү
귢Ҷı±ǿһЩ
ֻҪĹģС϶ϳ, ԶԶ, ֡
С⺢ӿ˲, ֱ衣
Ǽҵǿˡ
ԼǸ, Һȴһ
ƽʱڼҲ˵, Ƕ󲻺˼, Ǽİ, ֱ˻ꡣ
Сȫ෴
罻ţ֢ɡ
С

ڼ, ȥʫΡ
³ʱһأĶѳǵļ۸𾩶˲һǰ, ½ԺĸҲֻ
ҹĴ˰æͼֽ, ҹ빤Ǯȵȡ
Ҫڿʼ, һʱࡣ
۸߰˰ҡ
Ҳջ, һǧ㡣
ټϼҾߵȵ, һǧӡ
պø´λԾͶʹá
ʱ¹ȵ֮⣬вŷ, ãõػǱȽ˳ġ
տʼ˵ѳ߱ȾʱǲϼǱ߲ࡣ
һⱨ, ʱסˣǲҲ̫Щ
µʵ̫Ĵլӡ
ѳ䲻ʡ, ڻԺʫᶼߣԺʫỹϸĽȵȡ
ѳʵʡҪţһ
ļ۸ڿŸߣԺˣլܷһ
ԺѳǷչ׬ǮǾ͸˵ˡ
ǲ׬ǮҲȥ
һҲԣھӣҲֻСլӣǿ߱ϵġ
׼ĻͲȥ𣿡
µȻǣҴС
˰סõĹСֻҪ߼๤ˡ
Ȼٹܻȥˡ
ͲôҪˡ
ǱϢǱ飬Ѿƺðˣ͵ȥٹһ飬Ϳӡˢˣ˳С
÷үһ£ͻȥ
ʱʲô飬ֻøС
ڽЩ˵УҲСƷˡ
µãհϵ鴦ꡣ

³˴źӻؼҵġ
һ·ͬеĻйͻļλˡ
һֻּһ
ʱ¶࣬ϻҪǸӣ¶࣬ȵö͸
խСĴֻôˡ
СҪڵ˯Ҳ໵غңҡ
˵Ż´˹ȥһһѧӣʴڵϡ
µһ˸á
˵žͽʸɿԼͷ
СǾãһ˾͸룬ŴԴҲ˯ϡ
£
ЦǾãӦиͬ
û취ֻͷŲŲˣɡ
걧ͷ˴
СҲȥرɵͷ
¼ֱЦãƨһ£Цǹİɡ
굫ЦϰԵط˸뱧
ֲ̧ͱ¸˻
ֻðԼͷϣڴߡ

µ˵¾¡
߰·̣Ϊһ꣬졣
һȺ˱ڿջüա
ͷ֣ЩӣǰĿᣬÿֱҳġǧġ
ֵ㱳ʲô
°һۣû¸ɣа
Ȼˣе֡
ͣμӿƾٵģʵ󴫡ʷǡЩеģ뵱¿¡
ⱳǧġǼ˼
ºǺȥ˿
ֻźӿ꣬˳˼йصʫ
ٽйصĳ
Щģ˵ʵЩʫеûеĳҲֻǴ֪˼
NNDо۸ˡ
ǣ¾ͷұʫúñԺӸƲˡ

һͣҾ·ˡ
صңѾ¶ʮ
ĸһǻĵòˣСס
һ̧ͷͼҲڡ
˫һۣЦЦ꣬һʱ𣿡
ϴ衣
µ磬ĺϲĸԳɼΣ
ߵʱ򣬸ԲŸտʼѳǱ߲̫㡣
ʱߵʱ򣬾ҲյԵϢ
˳ɼĵڶϲĵ塣
˳˳Ľ˸ԡ

Ҳ˸Գɼʱ򣬸̶һľЦɼĵģϲĵڰˣǰʱȥݷүʱүڸѧı˸λãڸѧ顣
ǰҲǸѧġ
дŹڸѧѧһʱ䣬ȥ˲μԺˡ
¹ϲһ
ⶼǰ̵úá

һᣬԽԽ̫Ծ
󲻿ôԶĹǱϲô򵥡
ؼǣҲûʲô°
ǣ̽ԵؿڣɻԵ£
Ȱ˵
Խ档
󲻿˵Ҳˡ
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Ѿѷ˶׼ˣ͵
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Ҳû뿪ź档
Խˣý¡
꣺

Σǲżֻһ˵
Ҳеˡ
ʲô»Ӱʳɣ
˿ٽ꣬˰ѶȥСĸϸ˹˵ιĿġ
󵽾Ѿˡ
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Ǻš
Ҫڣµ磬㻹ֱɡ
޹ؽҪĿ
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˲һˡ
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⻰ûͻͻ
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ݴžڻһࡣ
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ʹ˫֮СҲͬ⡣
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Ҳʰȥˡ
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£
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Ȼбû˵
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ȥʫʱһֱΪһŮġ
ֱȥ˲֪ҲмӴװ÷ɾλ
ͷвŻܸɵĹﻹͦ𾴵ġ
ȻҲŮӱǿģ󲿷ֶͦϵ
÷꣬͸ӬƵģ޲ճϡ
ԾͰСš
÷Ųֵôˡ
ȴʱʱĸСССʱյĲϻ÷͵ġ
Ƴ˰Ҳÿ춼Сŵġ
Ȼѽ
£

°˳ȥ
˳ְСҲ
ֻñźӣѾϴ
ȥ£֪ˣƹźܿˡ
뿴ûµĹ¡
ⱾϾˡ
ƹûġ
˳˵һε»ᣬñǰĶһЩ
Ҳիһÿ³һ
£·ϵʱ򣬻ò̫࣬ѳʱɣÿնܻ٣ôһǴ൱ḻ
·ϣҲ˳һµĹ¡
Ѽø
ԣʲôʱ򽻸塣
꣺

˿ˣͼ´źӹ߸ˡ
Сûʣ໵
ְֻ
ЦĴͷߣһѣôͲְ֪֡
Сۣۡ
ûӣֻʿʼ
¿˵ĸо
һֱΪСͦɵƵģעҪһӵģȻƳ÷˼
еˡ
ջСڸƹģֻڸĿƪ
СȻϲһ
µµĸо档
ϲǾ֤ɹһ롣
껭껹뿴顣
±С͵ĸǱߣСһôҲĸ˯ˡ
ֱŸѾ
ɲ⣬ĸҪߣտ϶ܴˣټ뿪£ȻôҪĸˣҪָ鷿ְ֡
໵ȴ˰죬ˡ
ʱ䣬ÿ϶Ǻ¡һ˯ġ
һġ
վҪ븸ĸֿˡ
Сһﲻ⣬Ҫȥ˯
ֻõȥ˯ٿ顣
ƹղʱ򣬸Եļ
ûüء
Сǲߣǵõһ˯
˯ٹ
ֻñ˹ȥ
Сǵһ˯Ǹǰͷ˳һͷм䣬Լߡ
˵һ·ż
ɱϾһ˯ڴûһ˯ˡ
ߵʱһµˡ
ĥǲǹģ
˵˺С˯ˣߵģС˯û硣
Ҳ۵ۣһͷָצƵģֺжϣȽѹġ
ֱҪ˸
Ҳ֪ϰôɵġ
ǰмŸͷ㣬ûͷˡ
껹е£Ӧ˼˰ɣҰࡣ
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꣬ǹİɣ
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ѽҾ̫ˡ
ޣҪߣڻƨѽƨˡ
꣺
ðɣǾã˯һȽϺá
˯ǰ˲١
ģͷˡ
ͷͷ󲿷ֶǴɵĻľͷģ˵ʵø첲еۡ
˾Ͳһˡ
ʱ򣬻ͦů͡
£
ԣǴͷ

صԼҲ֪ˡ
˸ͷʵе˯ţԺСº𴲡
ֻͷؽ
ʰã˳˯˸
겻пɼףѰ
ĴүӲͷ֪öٱˡ
뵽ˣͷ޻ӦþͿˡ

ȥѳǣǴЩ
˵ԣһԺģѾвȥ˱Żˡ
ϸһȻǳ֮⣬ʣˡ
ҲСı˸ְ̲λ
ѳǻС͵ùȥˡ
º֣֮󣬻ںԺˡ
̣ʵ̫ʺȥЩĶǱȽĵط
ԺˮžͿԡ
ϴ˵ˣⱾ鷢ֿ֮һˡ
ʱƷˡ

ǰһ׼ڶѳûл
ֻһȥֺ˶԰ˡ
ôһԾǺüա
һգֻСĵس˹סĴȵ
ΪҪԼСһҪȥ
ֻðǣ˳
ԼȥｫСӹ
ȻСҲһ
µ̫ˣְ
СֱУʾС
ְСݸԼˣȥٰСԼٴ
Сſ
ͷһһʱм仹յͦ
ǰͷСλûôˡ
¶ܸоԼɵڶ߷ĺ
ĬȻ




156.  402-404   ׼+Ŵ

СǸʵ, ʲô棬Ҫ֡
ǣ⼸, ÿص, 궼źһȦ
СҲͻơ
³Сһ˴ѳǻؾ
ʫΪǼʮ, ͷһôһ
ȻмϳԼ, Ϊսʧġ
һž, رĸˡ
Сп, ôûһʧɢʲôģ
ҦЦסڱϽ
ʵ඼ǵԭɵ, һЩǴӵĶѹ, طˣʵʧɢʲô
βμʫһˣҲΪ˳˳һ
СȥʱҲƷˡ
еְҪһЩ
˼, ھٹ꣬ʱֱıƷͨ, Ҫ, , ֱŴʼ, Ҫࡣ
Сġ
˵һϰˡ
Ҳûֹʱʱľ۸͡
ûͨʿĿԣ޶̽סȥ, ޶ȥıΡ
ƽõǲԶȴͬһʡ
Ǳߵˮ·ҲǸ൱ԣĵط, ȥؿǺöˡ
ټĶְҲһЩ
ʱ겻ڣû, ºСһ˴˲ٵĶ
ʿĿԣһȥˡ
ղŴϼҹ
˲ٶ
ҲһԻ
οôãɰҽ㡢˻ˡ
ʱýʱٻЩġ
ĺϲӣͦġ
˶Ǻúӣĳȶ˼ϲĸ鶯һЩ
ֱ֮󣬽Ŷġ
ʵ˶˭ɼõó֡
ʮͯͷҲԴһˡ
ƽʱУʱеģ˴ڣ˵ͷĻ϶Ƕġ
ζ˲
ȷʵǽԴϲ
˰£ԺԳɼǹˣ¾͸ˡ
үţ˵ǴԺԹʽȥס
ڸǻᣬѾȥˣԴˣȥǸѧ
겻пϵ
ûͬ⣬үͲˡ
˵ʲôأ
ôһ°ɡ
һ٣Ҳô죬ֻһͷˡ衣
żһ䡣
СС˵Ǳ߻൱ԡ
Ǳ߶Щݵģ̨ϵѧǱһȥ˹
Сһ
ѾǴƷˣ뵽ˣСЩơ
Сһˡ
ڿǴƷ
εʫͦɹûǶѹû鿪֮һְġ
߶߶´ҿɲһˡ
⼸˺üꡣ
շ磬˵ˣһȥתתСԹӡ
ڳԷأ߶߶ͣ
СҲ˵ܳɰɣ
˵ԭȵԱѾ׼ˡ
ǰûǱ߽ꡣ
߲
Сǣϴլӣʱʼ۸񡣡
ֳһ֡
Ƿˣһ۾ж
ʲô׬ǮǶһƳ
ԣںͳˣʲôֻҪˡ
ҲǴ˳糵
ϧȥѳǾûһ
⼸ճϲ˹ȥˣȡһ
ô˵ھլӣЩˡ
һ޸׬ǮӪ
Ҳõȥ
Ҽҵ׶ĺܣסլ
ʡ˲ٵķǮرм꣬ǰӣѵʱһѡ
Сһϧûʲô
סţլӿҲǿš
ȷʵǽ򲻵լӡ
֬ŵû㲻һҲʮУ׬ʮ
һ˵ûʲôˡ
ھеڽԺˡ
ȷʵȥطϸһЩ
Ҳ꣬ߣıõλء
ңһֱзǺֲڸĴͳ
ǿЩչ϶Ȳϵġ
ɹ갲οˡ
Ҳֻˡ
극ңСŹ׷Сء
Сų˹׼˵껳
Сˣ۾ɴˡ
˼˵ҵİҵİ
ǣĬǰȥСߵβͣ
Цˣ㣬㣡˵˲Сߵë
С߷С
С߱С¶ˣԴ¸¸µȥˡ
ȥ˹ỹû
걧Сһϴ˸裬ʰɾˣڵӣ²Ż
Сãһ۾ƼǼҵˣϲ
´ӳ̽ͷЦźһС
СšӾҪֻ˹ȥ
¼СɸɾģϻеζЦϴˣ
Цϴһֱϳ˵ȥͳˡ
¶Զӵıַǳ⣬ߴһڡ
СסĲӣҲϿһ£Ťͷְ֣ף
꣺
ͲСµһ¡
С§סҲһ£ֿʾꡣ
Բһ䣬ǲˣ
СӸɵ£
죬ĵʵɣҾǼҺӵǴСз֪öðְ֡һԲС
һǰۡ
ǲǾþ͸
ͷ
ֽĴĿʲôأһȥ
˵ţһ͵ͨ죬װҲϳˡ
ֻõǸСǿؼҰɣﻹûԶˡ
ûо׶ѧ
Сɵ£ûʲô
ԷʱǼǵôһһڳĶҪһһڳģµġ
˯ʱҲǵð˳
Ȼͻ໵Ŀޡ
ÿ죬ð˯ˣ´鷿
ºԼݿ˯
Ҳˡ
˰ҹСͻȻ໵ؿ
±ͷˣֻñźӹꡣ
ϳЩϡ
ǣˡ
ҹִһˣȻͲ˯ˣô˳
ҲˣиûͬҧһڣС໵ĿޣøµĸС
ǵҪԭǸ
̫Ҫˡ
ճʱţ⺢Ƣѽ룬ʱûʲôʶ
˯Ժģתء
СԱߣŹԹԵؿʼ˯
۵ƤԱߺûӦ
ҲûԱ۾˯
˽ϵ¡
Сڶҹ飬ʱʱ仹磬껹û˯ֻ˵ְֳȥˮˣһͻ
ǣСָ˹
ЦҽʣΪǺøЦ
ǵʲô鶼
Էʱһλöܱ䶯ҳԲ˵˳Ҳܶ
ʱֻͬˣҲܿʼԷ
µǵʣôȥҵñƷ衣
⼸գһ£һ£ֵر棬ǵȫһ飬˭Ҳ¡
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˯ʱҲԾرŶ
ڶϢʱȥ½֣ºӵ
ֵģȹʱͺˡ
갵˿
ʵ֣ΪҪ೤ʱ䣿
ÿӶһеļ£еһꡣ
꣺
صңҪ˵¡
µӽո˼¡
źȥɪΪмԤԼ˴¡
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С۷ۣͺСࡣ
СŮô˵Ƚ磬˼һ˵衣
СһСͿĵؽ˹ȥͰ˼ˡ
껹Ҳס
ʱºͶԷҳˡ
ѺӺѾˡ
ؼû뵽ԼҺӣôӴ
ҪϱǸͷΪһ㶼Ϊ
ҳ˳˺û飬٩ԷΪ׼ҡ
ڲһ
Сĸ׺̾ڼϢء
ʲôϢ
һΪҲ˵ϲ棬㽻ѽ⺢ʲô˼
ѲɣѺһ٣
ô򿪸֤
ˣǼԭ¡
¸棬˵ʲôӸ£˼游õһʡѲڻƷɣ֪̲ģо˾˰⹫ЩͲ˵ˡ
꣺
Ҿðɣܳɣռˡ
һڣռ˭ˣҾ˾˻أҲͬ⡣
µСǼСͦġ
ߣڲŶ飬ǲ̫Щ
ºǺĹŮô磿
ҲûѽҲ˵˵˵ˣСһһ˼οǼڻ˵أôˣԺӴԼϲô죿
ͬ⡣
ҪǶԷǣֻ˺ˡ
˵ȥֲǶ档
µʵСﳤĺܿɰ
Ǻǣ˭ɰĹŮˡ
ҾãҪŮԱǼҺÿ
£
֮ǲͬ⡣
ԷڼأΪǶԷƼӺÿˣ
ѪƤѺϽİɣ
С֮꣬ҴҲܽ˳ΪѣûʲôģǷС𣬸ʲô𣿡
һһĺܸʲô
޻̸֮
öԷҳó
˫һ棬СİְЩ졣
ûԷ˭ԷȺһ䣬ѽش˺ɡ
һϺˡ
ֶӣһȥʫᡣ
Сھ͸µġ
ȻʶЩͺ˵ˣ껹Ǿ仰ͬⶩʲôס
ӻôСǡ
οֲ֪࣬ͳˣǽСһߵڣǾԵ޽±ҷ
Ҳ˼
˺Ϸ˸ղǱͷû뵽Сô
룬ȷʵǡ
Сһ̬˫ŮҲû˵ʲô
Ϊ£ĹϵǸһ
ʱʱĺȸСƣһ̸ӡ
Ҳ֣ؽСܼ˾ףҪ׸Ӱè찡ɡ
һѸƿˣʲôأ˭Ҳף
ء
ַ˺ЩӵСԸࡣ
ʱ
һȥˣֻǱŮ࣬С࣬¶ӷ¶ԼҲסԸꡣ
߻ȫСкСС˧òֺ
ΪһֻСѣӦòǵԼġԻ͡ʷˡ
˼ҵСŮŹʱ
СƼˣĵã
С̹һȥ˷ӦһӾ˵ߣ֮ǰ˻
СȻѸղҧһĵĵݸóԣ
Ҳſھҧȥ
˹ЦСӣǸ˲š
걻Ҹضȥ
üѽһûСӻϵöԷ
˵ģС͸ǣһˣȥˡ
Ŀ֮¡
Ѿ޷Լˡ
Цɣ
꣺
ǰĶϱ
СôԼ˸ϱ
˵˵СͬѧҲ֪ʲôóԵģҪƯġáԡ
ֱζӳ¡
Ȼ˶ڱ̬ʲô⣬ҲƴǣɣСȷʵȣֿɰ
С⺢ҲǷǳϲ
ҹŮС˰꣬ⶼʲôë
ǣҹ˸ȵȣ
ǳˡ
СԺ׷Сһʱ֪η
⺢ӿǰ;
Ұ˵ȲҶҡңҲļˣ˵ˣȵʱڵ״Ԫɡ
Żǲ˵ؼǳÿ˫
ҲԪϣ̫̫󶼵ֵġ
ССӣԼôһɽ
Ҳ˽ҡ
˵֣Ŀɽϸˮ̸ڵļȣ֣ʵЩεġ
ڻʵСȻǷͷ
ɽСʵ֣ݾˡ
˼ˣ
ҪĵʵСʵ۵Ϊˣլʺ֪ͼôֻ֣߲ͣһ
ٱҲ֪֡
˵ҸͬһƵ
Сֱײ˴ˡ
С£֣һ⡣
ֱС۹⡣
꾽⺢ӾϹèӡ
Сڶ³ʽˡ
ʱ򴲵С㣬һʱе㱡
ү˵ԺСӳˣ᲻ѽ
ɻڲġ
µڲڣԼѡ·Ҳꡣ
̫ɰˡ
˵ŮͷҸȼˡ
ɳԱߵ꣬ò׼Էôġ
˯һMDСӳ˰֮⣬ҲûʲôΪ
붼Ѫ»껹ͷ
뵽ˣ㽫С˻顣
Դգ¾ͷ֣ԭ˵ѻһϦ֮䣬ˡ
ʲôҶˣҪԷ̫ɰˣȵೣ˵رҲرС
ǣ⼸̼䡶֡
֮
¸֣С͸ȥ
Ѱ˼һʲôʱ˳˳Ľȥ
Ŀɿڴ
һĥī˼ˣǵĺôȫճ
º֪˵汳ˣ
ǴÿѧС䡣
ҲͶʮĸ֡
Ȼڶٸϰһ飬̡
һڡ
µ˴˿̻Ǿͦõģܰɣֱˣǲеˡ
ͷʵýֱǰ飬ҹͼסˡ
£
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ССǲУر
ڲ̫˵ģÿֻʮ䣬ظıʱСϽˡ
»˵ʲô
̣ȫѹˡ
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ǣĬĬ˳ˡ
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һ಻ֳ˲׳ˡ
ͬʱǱҲš
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ϲ࣬µ˵˫̥ĵӦǿѽ
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˵һ䣬벻ҪһɰĹŮ
С¶֮
ʱʱСѾͷС档
СʲôóԵģĶǵøС㡣
³Ƚڣһȥ̤ࡣ
ִһµСԽˣ˳˳ǧġ
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죬ȻϺȵĴڡ




157.  405-407   С

ҺԼڳſͷ
Ǵôһ, СͬѧҲ֪ˡ
ҵûǰֱӳȥſڴ, ЦӯӯؿͬӴ̽, ÿ
ĵҲÿ
һԱоϾ, Ƽû, ӻ֪ˡ
ͷҲû̧, ϶, , 𡣡
˶ϲ
³, ûƳ
үүĺ캰ˡ
ﻹ˲죬СԼϲԵĶ, Ŵ͹ȥ̫Զ, ˵ĸ첲ֹһ, еѾӹȥ
Ҳ, С⡣
˺ЦòС

СӵĻͳʳ뻥വ, ҵĳˡ
СŶǰͷߡ
ڳں档
СһǾȻְ, 
û
ǰ˵Ҫģ¾̫ȣʱ²ȶ, û
ں۰Ͱ͵ؿС顣
Ҫȥƥɡ
µ϶Ҳ·Ͼȱˡ
СˣίֱƲ, Ҳˡ
ͷСûȥ
СС˧۵Ŀʼˡ
˵ѽ
С˧ţţġ
Ҷ

üһĵģоδϱҪˡ
Сίְ֣С
ҲоҪٲϱҪˡ
ڳſв⣬걧СȥյƥԱߣ硣
ŤͷҶСһһƥ˹
󻹸˴װͬ
ҶСֵ磬ʲôأ
СҪ
ҵ¡
˵ţҪøꡣ
ôɣһƥӦӦͳˡ
ɨһۣʮƥ˵ʵҪô˵ģҪôʹġ
СҲƵߡ
ǱҵİɣҸպɩ졣
С˵žͷø꣬Լȥؼҵ

Ըرº͵ģͷҲСĸ
걧СȥһУһѹô졣
ڱͷС涼á
С鶼ˣҲ
ӻһ¡
źӣߵһš
С˵СѾ꡶ǧġˡ
ٶȼֱ̫Ҫ

ҶҲŻᱳʫͰүү̸˻ˣһ˵Сڼұ飬С˲͸оˡ
ûʽأû½䡣
ҪǼá
СҼ֪
һԵֱզ࣬ССᱳˣ
һֱãҴӴ
˵Ƚ磬Ǵһ࿪ʼÿ飬˶꽲һЩʼ飬Ҳһʫ졣
˰꡶־ѧꡣ
ںͷʹˣѧϰһֱûѹ
˵СôСͱˡǧġ־ϲ
򸾵ۼߡ
ټ˽ʿ˺ԺҲ档
СŮ£Щؼռ˱ˡ
С˵̲סСܸܲǱһΡ
ϹҪҪﲮиǱһ
СŻⲻ仰˼
Ը˸ͷ
Сſر
ԭЩֻ²˭ʲô˼
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˵ˣÿʱ̽
Ҳǰһ¡
û˼˵ʵҲǶ飬Ըͼסˡ
˵⺢ӿ˲á
ڿŮͦ׵ģֻҪúý̵Ȼ̫
뵽ˣ˴һСĽ⡣

ǣԷʱ͵͵˵Լ˼
мѧ
ĺӶڼѧϿΡ
ÿչ϶ûʲôʱ䡣
˽ӣˮƽеĻǡ
˵ɵҪ̫ߵˮƽȻҪǴСʦָĻȻڲͬġ
ǻûȥѧ
Ҳ׶԰ǳǰҲֲء
˵ǼҼѧͷҲļֶӡֶʲôġ
̵ò̫ࡣ
ܱĸţڼﶷùǿ
ѧ㶫
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Ҳе
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ЦһͷҼһ¡
Ҳȷʵû̫ʱڼҴӣԸûʲô飬ܵİѺӽ̲ãܸʳסлɣڽ̵ϲҽ
ҲסˣҪôȥתתҪôĲ԰ӡ
ǰһ˵ľ
ӣ̫̫һȥˡ

ͷ˵һ
µõͦԶͿʼŮĽˡ
ôС㣬ҵ
˵ĵȷе
ڼѾͷӴҪࡣ
ѧѧõǴҪģؼǺ˽⡣
С˵ģȷȥԿ
µҾÿԣǲ꣬ûء
Ҫоٹһɡ

Сͬѧ֪ԼСС;Ͳ㱻ȥѧ
ֹĸС˧ͷȥ
Сڳĺӣ˵С˧Сĸ£ǸͷȴС˧һˡ
һȺӵУͦ۵ġ
һ죬ǰβݡιġ
ȥʱֻӣ㡣
·˯ˣҲ֡
¶ûֻòˡ
һΣҲ˯ˡ
صʱϺѾˣ˵ϱóʼˣǻ㽫˵¸˵һ¡
ʮˡ
̫̫˼ǹ󣬲ܿϣ˳ס
µǲе磿
ϵʵ󲿷ֶ͡
ֻ߳ҪһЩꡣ
ϴպ˵µ¡
סһпʱĲꡣ
һת۶ˡ
ʱÿѽ
̫̫˼ʱ仹һ㣬·Ҳ׼ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷǲǻʣڲھլӣ
Ů뿪Լ˼⡣
˵Ҫھլӣ˭ġ
ǰͷլͶʵģοǱеƫ̫ӦΪ鷿Ľլ̫ˡ
ָճס
ﵽжӣó
լǲ̫ܡ
ǸĻôϲĿ϶Ҳ١
šüֱǸ⡣
һҸдţ̶ӵӻȥ
ôһ룬ɲôġ
ͷͨŲ㣬Էʱ䣬ôһȥɲǹȥˣʱլǲҲһʱ䡣
ټ϶ԷôҾʲôģ񶨻ڣǹʱʵûеôɡ
̫̫⣬Ѿ¸ȥˡ
ԣԽ̵СòҲʲô뷨ˡ

°ͳȥûȵš
ͻȻоͲ̫ˡ
һѾ֪Ȼûˡ
һջ׼ȥϴ裬ֱӸſڡ
ɱڵ￩һ£ôˣСִˣ
°ҧֻˡ
ģ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
£֣
š
񣬼˵ٻСϸһԱȣɲզģûˡ
ż±һ£㲻̬
һᣬͻȻɵЦеС⣬
ôĻһξ˰
˵廹൱õģţ˶Ǳġ
ۿƫˣƵôô磿
㲻һֱŮ𣿡
վˣ˰Լ˸СӣϰԵذѽŷŵϥϣʼȡ
ֺֺЦҾ˵˵
꣺

λУȵһκöˡ
ܳ˯ûС
ڻԼе֮ǰССһԺء
ͻԼˡ
˻ȺͻȻҴû
ҡͷ
ȥҴ
ͷý˷ϣúϢòĶ˳׼̡̥
ҾðɣŮӾ͸ĸҪǻɣٺá
뵽ˣ׼ȥ١
ˡˣæǰæȥˮ谡׼Եʲôġ
ڴǰСϰһѡ
ŵͷţţ̡Ӻ϶װۣÿ
СܵͷںʱҲˡ
С
¿æøƵ꣬ԽԽ֣ҼǵСǻ㲻
ιԶڱǿɲһ
ü㺢ӣ
ɵЦСʱҾûоԼ͵ˡ
ڲһ
ؼ׼һʱäĿģڶ׼֪飬ʲôĺ
һѾˡ
䣬ͼС˴
۰Ͱ͵ضŴֱ̧ͷŲ겻Ծؽϴ˴꣬סϵЦݣƽڣǼ
ûʲô£ЩѪ㣬ȼѪҩʱͺˡ
꣺

仰˵ûС
۵ĹŮ
һ˵㵵Ӿ磬뵽˹ŮʱҪլӲׯӲҪҸƷó˧ѧϰõѧԵŮأ
һˮŮûе¡
ֻǴү岻̫ˡ
ΪӺûôϢãԼҲΪ⣬ĸϸֶǲȻû塣
꽫ͳţ˼о̫Ծ
̫ҽơ
¼ͦʧģ˼ȷʵûκλеĲʡ
û¶ģ̫ҽơ
źںҩҩһȲȣ
ˣͺȰɣɱ˷ѡ
ҧҩȥ
ȥǱСٴλʱڲˡ
ȥιӡ

껹°̫ҽʱյ¸дСֽ
̫ҽˣˡ
޳
СĸôãŮûˡ
ʵе̫
һ춼ûɵġ
ֱµʲôԺŬͳˡ
һҲԡ
ǣѪ극ȥԺˡ
һҪŮ꣬Ŭ˺ü£ûкϢСĹŮˣµ͵ҲˣҲ˸ƯĹŮ
ʱССŮ࣬ȡ
СѾ˳˳ıɵļ顣
˵ֲʶһҲˡ
Ѿϵˡ
ԼûŮСҵСŮԵŮ
Ц㵹ͦġ
µ˵ô죿
Ҳܾ

˹ʱŬ˼µ꣬ûЧ
ǳײŮˡ
ţ˫˸ŮɰҸ˻ˡ
Ķ˸Сʮá
ºϴСȥС׼
ĵûֳرľϲʲôġ
˵ģ͹ҲϹǿұֳõϲʵԵÿˣҲá
·ݽլӡ
ʱҲڴլӣϧԭȶྩĹԱլ˵۸񳤵ò̫࣬ȴ֡
һլ
̫̫ԼϺüΣǼǱϻһլӣǸһСլӣʵ򲻵ס
ԭȾǴŮ޵ġ
²µ˵

СѾˡ
ţ꿪˿Σȥѧ
û
ҺΪͱɵļ顣
ÿճʫ֮⣬صһøС¡
漰ݡ
ͬʱֹ̽۸ֽСʵͦḻġ
ҲʹѾͬʱˡ
СȥҶ飬ûտʼ˸˵أôˣھȥҲУȥҲɡ
ٹǴ͵Ƕġ

ΪҪȥѧˡ
СԸҲͦģºæŸ׼С͸ѧϰƷ
һգ׼緹
׼Ժһᣬͼ֣ߵķ
Цôˣ
үĩ˵һҶƼСʥ
ͷһ
һŵүô˵
үÿɡ
ԼǾò̫ɡ
Դ򷭹̫̫̫꣬Ϳʼʥѡ
Ҷˡ˶С
֣Խ̵ʥϵա
Ϊ黭ҲھС̫̫
ⲻѾϹοˡ
ʥϱСС꣬ȥ֮⣬ôĺĺøС
Сʹġ
˵Ͳ̫ãЩ첻㣬ĺӣССһ˫۾ͦģʲôҲöϵĻҲû⡣
ǼҵС
Щִ١
ϸһ룬ʥϵʶһϵû˵ʲô
Ȼ磬Źʥּ
Сͬѧ׼ȥϿεģҲˡ
ÿյ

ºڹ껹ȥ֣Ҫ˸ֽ֣̺̽ʲôġ
֣ģܸʥϵСݣκ˶Ȳ˵ġ
֪ΪС룬Цŵл
֣лʲôҪΪСҲѽ
ˣС֮⣬˵Сӣ硣
ʹ㣬ÿȥ˼ңʹСС˧Ժ档
֪⺢ԴûĸףûñȢˣһִġ
ӵرá
갵˿˴˿̣ҲҶΪƼСԭˡ
˵ˡ
֣˸С˸֮⣬˸֪صŮӴСʱչСҲԸС
ˣ껹ǵĵĳԲ˯š
Сѧǰ£׵һȦ
ֱֵȥʥϿΣ˿Ŷ衣




158.  408-410   

Ȼ, Ҳû취˵е罻ţ֢һ
СͲ̫һˣ귢֣⺢ӵĶܸ
ӵ, ʹ
˵, ȴ׵Ĵ緶
Сʵ۸ͷС, 
СĿǰֻǿͷ˶С, ҲرչСʵۡ
ȥʱ, ڳԶ
СʵЩʳ, ƽʱһ̺, ҪСһˡ
ǰĶЩ޴졣
ֽر
, ôҲͲȥöˡ
һԵС̫æòҪΪС鶼ԼԶ
С, ܳܺȵģӲʳ
ھҲܳһЩ
СʵӶò̫, ֱӴӶԷù, Ҩһι, , 
Сʵȥ
һ̺̫ࡢŮ۾ɴˡ
Сó𣿡
Сʵͷ, óԣ
СӻԣЩ, ҵˣǾܾܳȥˡ
˵Żôӣôÿӡ
һģһ
СʵҲѧģġ
Сʵ֪ꡣ
ÿĿζرɺ, ϴλ
ôͷ
ЦҲܺÿϻرŵζůů⡣
СҲܺţһ
ſڴһᣬû˼ȥ
ҺǵеѽȻιʵ۳Զ
ŹҲվſڣСʵۺúóԶסۿС˼ҵĺӣһرϲ
ǰ̺ʱŹܰ˵֪ȵۣҲͷһ£죬Щ룬Ҫͷһ
Ź˷ģ𿴺Сʵر¡
ǰȵѧػضͷ̺š
չСʵۡ
ôʲôĺû
ܽһ˾
˼ҵССɺӶرࡣ
Ҳòֲ͵ĳ졣
СʱҲ̵ֽһЩӣضվǺӡ
꣬ʱͦģʵ϶ԼϲҲͷεġ
ƵóСʵ۾ϲСһ
ҲرСĻ

ŹһᣬСڹı֡
֪ûʲôҲͦӦĻҹ˶ԺҲã
˳ԵòˣŶ롣
С˫һҪܹȥͼ˰֡
С⣬ʳָŵǰ˸ơ
˳ˣŵˣҿϴ֡ڣȵͷȦ
Сڼҵʱ򣬾ôҪģġ
ĵϻСѾΧȦģСӾرϲ
Сʵ۸СԱߣʲôԼʲô
ŵͷƤһը ССʵ󣬡ǰͷСŶӺ𣿡
Ѿĸվڻʵǰͷ±ˡ

Ȧˣ򵥵ػһ¡
һСȶ̣ܵرԴˣСƽʱڼҲûô
ĵر𾢣ʱˣŴ˽˽ҡ
Ϊһ黭
Լÿɵ£̲סһ亹
⻹ͼְʦ
żüְѧʦ
һҲֻ
̴һֻС㡣

СĵذԼ۵Ľؼҡ
ϴʱͼһεվǰ
չһƣͼһֽѾ˵ס
СҵС㣬ҵС㣿
С㶼Ҫʳͷ˸
ɰСŻˣϴξһֻ˶Ƥ¸Сˣεĸòһˮ˰ɣ
ɲǣСˡ
˵ֽͷֽûеôá
ˮһᣬֹˣô£Ѿõһ֡
С۵һͿ
°һۣͲ˵ίһ㡣
ⲻǻû˵𣿡
ʲôҪˮʲôĶˮ⵹ãûأȿˡ
ֱǶȸ״

СˣŸһ顣
й϶ܳԣҲ㶼Ҫˮ
ȻҲ˶Ǻˡ
òȡ˵ȵȣĻͦ˵귢֣СſڴһģһôѾ˯ˣˮϳˡ
ֻøѣԼСϡ
°鷿Сڹѧ

Ż
ŹķҲԡ
´л֣Ҷˣ⺢ӱô

ǰͷһֱСȥѧˣ֪СҪ
ɸ˶ˡ
Ů϶ˡ
һռûﻹСЦСڹɻã
Цõġ
ؼǻʵСʲô¶
С֮ο
ûʲôĶǣҵļҽҲãദ൱ԡ
˵Ǿͺãʥһݣʲô˶Ȳ˵ġ
ЦЦû˵
ʵ˵ҪʱܵĺڹвУôСһʲô£ǿǳԲ˶ߣ˾ټСҶ˺֣ǡ
Լ̫ǳˡ
Ҷ˺֣СҸɽ

ʶһ㡣
˴ϡ
СĽһЩ
ϧ˶ûӣôҲ˵ϸȻ
ϸ˵ˣףǰûĺãȫ˺ϣֻҪڣСӾ졣
Ҫÿ춼͸ҳһ
һһ
šʹг
ô
Ǿðɣо顣
ǰһһ㶵ġ
Ҿվһ˭ܿ˭ġ
˱ӣת
оԼҲû˵ѽŵ費ܵ

Сȥѧˡ
¶иԵҪæ
˵±飬ǰռƻС
һͨ¾ô
СҲĴ󣬲ܸĸô䣬ΨԸ䣬ӾôһĹȥˡ
һξ͹ꡣ
ʮĺʮϲҪǲμˡ
꣬Ŭ˺üĹŮûӰ
Сֻе̥ˡ
Ҳʱʱ߶һ䣬Ů
ǿССŮʱܵ汸Ρ
һͨæµʧһһΡ
ϸһ£ԼҵС׻ûֵܽá
ϧʱ̫ãټ״һǧ꣬ʧġģм˺üĶ

ڸʰЩۿ죬һߣŵúü²ܻ
ºЦİɣҲӵġ
ƲƲ죬û˵
ںԺҲ˿ˡ
˺춼μ˽ٵԡ
̸
պͺüûˡ
ˣܷȥǱߣǶ
˺ܿ϶Ĵ𸴿ԡ
˵ҲҪˣе᲻뿪ҡ
ĥ죬ǵóˡ
µעⰲȫȣҲעó氡
߰ҩ㰡һأÿͷװס
ҪҪȥûʲôҪ
ºЦҾ͸˵Ҳˡ
ϹøţֱҪ̫Ц
ⲻţҲû𣿡
£
ǿˣϷŻһʰ

껹˵ʲôͼСŶ룬СȻѾΪһˣڰ˶ͷͷԵЭˣ˵в㡣
˵һСȥ鷿
ЩѧʵѧˣûҲûˣûģҲû취
ܸĶˡ
ǰǸϸЩ
ȥ˼飬·Ϻúñʱֻܷſͳɡ
ĶãȻĶٶ࣬Ҳûʲôá
ĵøǹأ
㻹ûȥأô֪ˣ
ҽôãҹˣĸѽ
ôҲ̵ְֽ̽Ļˣ˵ȥô
ıһ̧ͷͦصøģǲġ
ЦˣȥϢɣҲˡ
ǰͳˡ
ĥߴ

ڶߵʱ컹
͡
ŴڳԷ꣬һʱпǧ
һôȥˡ
ʱֱص꣬ȻƷĳ͢١
Ϊˣ겻ԾıСӡ
Ǳ²۹Ρ
Ҳûε
С鵱УСӶϳˡ
Ϊᣬÿεøɸɾ
ϴδǼӳʱСͻˡ
֮¾ûϻֱӰ˸һ١
ҲãٲӣԺͶͱͲһôˡ
緹Ʊ
ϵڼֲȱǮ
ҰЩ
⼸µˣѾҪǮˣԼš
֪ʹһ
ոĺϲÿָ٣㻹һ㡣
һתƼСŴ
ôôƫģ
˾Ͷû
ССҪǮʲô
ô˵ǮĶٲܻȺţ˵ˣ˭ˣΨûңⲻƫĽʲô
ҾǲǮҲøѽ⡣
˵Ըʮ
Сûõֱ֣Ӹˡ
С
µ㱣ţʱʲôֻ˵Ҿٿġ
ҲһĪı飬ٶҲ
С̾ϢҾ֪ҵŵ
Цͷ֪ͺãúѧϰһ㡣
ССŰͳ˳ǡ
˴˿̣Ǹ᲻ˡ
˱ӣֱ˱¡
ٱС£С˵ԶԶģˣһ·˳硣
꣺չ˺С߰

ϸˡ
һˣʮѮܻؾ
һȥһٶ졣
ǰһֱãҲǴӵĺô
ǺСܸоǺͿ֮ĺӡ
ʵ㲻ʲô
Ҫˣź֪ط֣᲻ãǲ뿪ҡ
뿪ӣ᲻
Ѵүһߡ
ָоرǿҡ

һ·еģֽʿʼᡣ
㻭Լ¡
鲻һ
д꣬걻Լ鵽ˣ

ʮ졣
ÿջʮҳĿĵأȻҳˣĲӡ
ﶫʱѧѾǱصѲ
ͣԶһӵꡣ
겻귢Ͷ˺ӣСһࡣ
ͬҲ˲١
̨ǰûʲô仯
ôһΪ⼸ְˣ̨԰ŪԼߡ
̨ϲΪͽ
ϽӷʱЦŸ꣬ͽܿס
ӹԪ׵ݹӣ˲֣ͽҲ׵ġ
Ԫڶǰǰ˲ٵĹְٶȾ͸˻һ
ѾƷܱˡ
λƷֱʵѹ
Ӷ缴ĺãÿʲôգü˸ͶڻԴӶ˲ʹȥ
ȥ˱ǵŹӺ﹫Ӷʱʱ͵㶫
ʵоԼԵ൱ԡ

ɣͽ˹Ժ
·ҲǹĿ⣬빱Ժ֮󣬱Լ뵽Ŀдѧͼλһо
İ嶨
Դ˹ԺһֻܵȿԽܳȥˡ
Ҳһˡ
˳ûµʱԱı˴˵
ţټϽʱﻹ˼飬żддԳɼ֮
ͷһµǱ˳
ʱ䣬ԼµĹ£Ҳ˺üˣȻÿеֻʣ¼ˡ
ʦ֣˵ʲôҳԸ
ͷˡ
˭˵ѵģٲ׵ġ
ѧҲֻҪͷ졣
˾ͷųȥˣɿȴһ
ǰ⡢ȷٽӡƣڼй⣬Ҷܳȥġ
֮ʱ䣬ֱȥˣǲ뿪
ڳȥǰһϣ˵ˣҪԻ
ҪԿ㣬Ҫ
һĹ衭
Ҫ̲Ǿ͸ˡ

ͰҪԵĶһһȥˡ
ȥ˸裬ɾѣʱһ˺ܾõĺӸεøɸɾ
ܸоͷϴãƤˣԲЩ˪
ͷˬˬΪܳȵѡ
ʰãСɽӿĵȥμҡ
ʱպ۴˸档
ЦŴһۣЦʦ뼸ǰһ޶
ǰ˷źʹݡ
վԵļŮ۾ˡ
Цʦɩˡ
䣬˴ȥǶ

ٶȱˡ
ʰãȥǶһȦ
ڼ˰ʱ橶
Ŵû֦չʮҵƵģ̲ƲƲ죬ֵܲ㣿
øվһ𣬺˸Ƶġ
⼸עˣĿһʰÿ˶Ҳֻܱݲ
˳һүã
̧һȥҡ
ٺЦ˺û
ڹԺ˵Ҳܵˣ˵ģζôоԾ
˰ѷ
ſӸճ˼ڣͼЦӯӯػˡ
ͻûڣ۵ʦܣ֪ղŵʲô
֪ղ˼Ůš
ĸˣûӡ
Ҳûӡ
͵ְλ̨࣬¡
۾ЩŮ죬Ϸʲôġ
ĸձȥϷˣû
ߵ˴ԼҵֶŮŮеϱ͡
ܵһġ
͵ôȻݰͷ
ſꡣ
üһСһ뿴ˡ
ϱҲòο͵ʦѽ
ʮӣȣһƾϲ긾Ůϲ
˵ʱۣعӿɳˣ
һ⻰ʲô˼ˡ
ȤҵŮ
ЦҲÿûԵݣʱ䣬ǣǣߡ
˵Цֱӡ
´һҪС½֪ˣôǺá
ϴα£æ¿ǧ
ˣ֪͸ôƵĳ
ͬУԺڵ㣬Ȼ̫ˡ
꣺
ʦǼò
˵С֤껹ġ
ԼһһײеĴү㽫Сϲ
ò˶࣬ͱ߳ԱģһĲҲԲ˶١
ͷŵֱá
˵ͷʱʦ֣һֱڶ𣿡
Ҳ˿ˡ
͵꿴ھıְλܲһֱ˷ֿ
ˣʵ֮⣬ûκθ飬ڶôãȷʵҲȥˡ
һߣǺü꣡
۵ʱʱһ꣬Ӷˡ
ԣ͵˼굽Ҷˡ
û⣬Ҿ͵ʦֻȥһأ
ʱСҲһ棬ã




159.  411-413   ؼ+ѧ+һҶ

Ҫߵʱ, Լ᲻ˡ
Ҳ᲻
ĥĥߴߴڳſ˵˴ĻٲϾ͸ϲջˡ
ŵʦˣھ㡣
͵ͷ
Ůӻ֡
ĸ, , ЩС
ദЩ, úܺÿ廹ϲġ
˻, ꡣ
˲Ůˡ
˳, һԵ۵һӾ
֪Ҫ, ۾ˡ
ͷͨ, 뿪, Ѿˡ
ûܻȥһΡ
ֽ§ڻǾߡ
ͷ

ͷһθоͷĽͨ˲
Ƽȴţ
·ͣ㣬ȡһ쵱, صҲʮ¡
ָͷһ㣬ȥʱʮ, ʮ, ʵûп, Լ۵óԲá˯á
, ൱㲡
˲ٵĶ
̨ģۺ͸ҵġ
Ԫ׸Լҵ, Ȼдһġ
ƵģһǾͰŸǶͶȥˡ
صңº϶ڡ
ĺϲֵܿǽˡ
˿鷿һء
һʱھ, ʶʣЦϲѽζûʧ
Цø֪ˣ
걧, ߣߵҪвˣڻأõŹʱ԰
ҵ¶¡
һʱ˴ǣӰԡ
ûں·ˣֱǹٽ
ɲΪòμ
ͷٺЦø
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ȷʵǿʮĳɼȶھ
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ʱºѾˡ
֪ˣֱȥ˳˱갮ԵĶ
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±һͷߣʲôѽҪҷǮˣ˻ûܳء
Ŷһ˰Աӹϵıʡ
㿿˴ǰϡ
걾е֡
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ɪԴһֱǵļߵ˽˶ƣ˵Ҳͨģɷ°̫࣬Ҽ۸ǱһЩ
õ̫ã֬ˮЩСò
ڻ͸˵ˡ
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ϸµҵͲ
ѳǵĿջϸµҲˡ
Ϊһ˿ʼѳǸϣ׼μĴǡ
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ôټӼׯӣһȵȵСʮ

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µô٣
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֪϶ǷԺˡ
ǮóȥַãӦǧ
ԣʲô󣬺涼ҧģҪ㷿Ļʵ׬øˣĩʱҵҷֺ졣
һ굽ͷӦҡ
ٳȥһп͸ֵһܴͲˡ
𾪣һûôࣿ
һǸԹԡ
µԣǲǾһֱܿţ㻨Ǯ
ǲһǵһһôһˣһҪĸⲻ̫ãһ굽ͷͶɾˡ
굹˼ǾһһҲ̫ˡ
·Ӹ
һǵǸڸ͵񣬻һǼĸ֧
ԭϼʱļ٣һ꼸ʮòˡ
ϾСطһмʮǸˡ
ɵ˾Ͳһˣ˸Ϸͬ㲻ܲ͡
͵̫˻ᱻƲ
ǴͷˣټڼҲȽ϶࣬ӰˣһһĿ
֣ϲ£̫٣ʵʲôĻôһ򲻹ġ
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ĹֻԽԽ󣬽Ǯĵطࡣ
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ףΪʲô˵ھʮڶ򲻵լˡ
Ժһ굽ͷҲô
ԼҲûʲôҵס
˵Ͼĸõӡ
ǼҲ̫ԣ֧ԮһЩܡ
룬ȷʵ˵ģھˡ
ѾͷӶ룬ӹɽͰ͵ģʲ࣬ÿҲ͸˼
Ժ⼸쵼˶ƽôࡣ

ˣԱߵ£Ǿͦõģˣ
ĸ£ˡ
ʱ䣬ӦμӿԵǶʱ䡣
Ҳ˵
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Сʱ򣬻иַӦһο϶ǸŮ
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Ա߿һ£Ҷ
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СץʱץǰС
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µӻôСôʲô˵Ҳá
⻰е
ܲһֱס֣ѽ
µûУÿϢסһ졣
꣺
Ǹ˶˸ӻզģ

Сȥ֣סҪΪǱ빬
ÿղô硣
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ڶգȥ㱨
ƼҲ
֪˻ı˼գԼ˹ҪһԸӡ
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⺢֪ˣҲؼס졣
СͰһ˼
Сģģѧ೤ʱˣ
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˶ֵңѧѧϰˡ
վԱ߿źֿŶ˻ȭСġ
²Сһֳһء
˵Ҳˡ
Ϊԭ򣬱ǰڼ˲١
ȷʵǰ˲١
𣿡
СҡͷͻȻٺһЦҸݸ
˵꣬ͻȻӣһɨֱӰѶڵ˵ɨ˸ƨɶա
궼ûоôġ
;ýһʹͲˡ
СЦô
òô
Ѿļ²˵§§ֱӸôһ
ĥĥҸղǶŵıͲȣҲû׼ãǳҲվˣԻвС
Сͷ
վ֮ӣٴһֱˤ˸ƨɶա
ղŶ׵ĵͣ£˵ˤ˲ôֱۣӰˤβ׵ۡ
ǣ굽ʱһ·϶һһյġ
һӳԸͣ¼·ֵͦģˤˣ
ͷίĵòУӴġ
£
Ҳò˼顣
ǣΣô׼׼ɨʱ
δˤöͬһλá
ôˤˡ
¸棬ѹѹ
ϸ࣬ҩ
ͷлл
Ǵүá

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үӽҲһˡ
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·ͦȫġ
֣佫
һеģЩ⣬ԼϳˣнԪЩˡ
͢ر佫
󽫾ϱ߾Сһֱűߵģ͢ҲѾּ⣬˴һٽ¡
󽫾ЩţΪ¡
ҲǱ߶ͶΪ
ĻӦǹѾȶˣȻ⻼Բʺϴ̡
Ц꣬ڼʶˣԶˡ
겻˼Ҳ˵ġ
ʱ벻ôԶ
ǵȺĳףһȥ߼ʡơ
ϵһŲʡ
ֻ˵˾䣬ף˳˳һٳɹ

˫껹е㲻˼ʶľҪӡ
æɩã
ЦѾˡ

˶࣬ڣŮ
֪ϲ㣬⽫̸˹ȥ
ӽȤ䡣
ЦӯӯӦһ䣬㻹ʲôֻܺҡ
µϺ
ϧҽյĲͷûУһǳȥԡ
ٷԵòǺܶࡣ
ҵעĺϲϡ
ľʮˡ
ϲʮߡ
˵ͻ涼˳׵ʱ
򸸵˼˺úö飬˴ǣ´һҪ
öѹɽ
Ҫ˵ùģҲǶһĻԡ
Ǿûǰͷˡ
ټڶҲˣʱûܸμӿԵľǿ϶μӣϾǿǰġ
ãͣ²³ûϵ

뿪ôʱ䣬ƹŵ
ʱ仭µĹµݸ㿴вУ
Ȿٶȿ죬ĿǰһǧˣҲýˡ
ǰϾᡣ
һμ͵ġ
Ů塣
ֲӦͻȻеС̼
Ҿÿɣǲ֪жܽܣ
͸֪ˡ
ǰѸӸԼոӷϲ̻ȥˡ
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˸ӣҪߴ߸塣
γţӻһ룬۵òҪҪġ
ƹһǲҪ̫ˡ
ƹʲôҪܴӦ

æ;ӹ÷ɿ졣
һת۾ͷꡣ
ĺϲ³ʱСӭ
»һ¾Ҫˡ
ӣպĳ׵غϡ
˸С˸յ⡣
ͷͼֻġ
ֻ죡
ְ֡衢Ͷ챦쵰
ԱֻĴСߡ
СλСһա
Сʵھ̫̫̫֣ǵ֮ͬɶŹһȺӰ͵͵Сա
ͷһμ⡣
Сʵһϲʲô
յ⣬ҵģÿɣ´գҲҵһ
˵ˣղʵۣСǺܶµĺ
΢΢̾˿
군ҷʱСʵ۵ǿ飬һַ˸飬ڹʱСҲǼʶˡ
ûһżġ
¿ֱšü
ͷȵ²ۣʵʲôõѽĳԷƻ˶ˡ
ǿΪʲôӱ˳ˡ
ΪԵĶ⣬ʲôһ鶼ˡ
ôСĺƢθܺòŹ֡
Ǹλûв˶ء
һڣЩɵӡ
ðɣ˼ңʵõġ
ֻҪʵݣһ㲻ʲô
ƽƽгкȵģ㹻ˡ
ЦһֱΪô롣
̾ϢԭҲãиɽãռͻȻͲˡ
ҪѡǾ굱Ҳ
һ˹ԼСӡ
ֹĶǵһ˼û
ЦЦû

Сһһů͹һա
֣סССݶ˵츳š
С
ȻõƵСʲôȭֻҪ̹һ飬⺢Ӿ׵ؼסˡ
񶫸Ѿˣ֣ˡ
磬治С䣿
ЦСأϲָʱͲϲˡ
Ҳԣչ˵һСڼסˣԴˡ
꣺
ҶӰ




160. [] 414-416   

, ͷúץץСѧϰ
˼ҳ˶ûĳ·⺢֣ˡ
ⲻԼûȥԷˡ
껹˵ʲô, ֻٴδߡ
ԺÿùȥһʱĿҵ
ֻ, ѧϰˡ
İ, ҵÿնýġ
дҵ, ſʼʲôġ
ڹѧϰҲûôš
ͳҲôѧ, ̵ְֶܽù, ڼٶһ, ϶
Сİ, Ѿˡ
֮⣬Ǽ˼顣
ٴʱҲ
ڹ̵ٶʱ䵹ͦģҪǶš
, Ҳ⣬鱳ú, һ֪, ͻС, ණҲֻǱ, ҪеĵҪ࿴ÿһ仰, 㶼š
Сͷ֪ٱԼ
, ǱˡˣϸٷдԱﵽľ硣
ץ
Ͳĺһ㼸Σ
һϸ׵ġ
Ļûõ㡣
϶Լˡ
һ̥ƺ˳ࡣ
׼˷۷۵ŮƷһ, ֮󣬻ǸСӡ
²㵱
굹׼Ůġ
ǣǰǿ뿴϶һۡ
׼Щòˣȡɡ
죬еʱ㣬ϲϺˣͽϺװɡ
꿴˿ġ۾ֵСϺףغһûȡ˸ɰϺס
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ôϺƺСôһ㵵Ρ
Ϻ׵⡣
굹ν
ΪСԴ϶ϴ
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꿴˿Ժ׷ܵСߣЦҲõģǵġ
һ࣬оԼҪŬˡ
ԭСеģϺҲҪС
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ĺϲǰ˾ֱȥѳǡ
Գɼһйʿһ˾
סլ
ϧĺϲ˾ûôõˣΪ̫ǳĻԴ꿴֮󣬾ͨʲߣȻɼ˷׷
ʹˣʮ߰ľˣҲѾ˹Ŀ࿴ˡ
ңҶֵܵһ
үǰʱţ㽫ԼֶŮϲĵĻڽ졣
ǣϼҴڵĶˡ
˳μĺϵĻ
꽫ý鷿˲ˮŵʦǵȻᣬȥҼӵҩźû
һֱҩζá
ɰ˵ģӱʹˣٲúõԺ϶Ӱ콡ġ
춢ꡣ
ѷ˵ǰԼ𣿡
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Լ뿪ʼ࣬˵һȥ鷿
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СʵԴ꿪ʼˡ
ĵ֣ȷεģÿ֣Ҷ˵㡣
ڵҲС˵Сʵϴʱˣˡ
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û˸
֣Ҷ˵˽⡣
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ƻԵĳɼǰһ˵ʵҪûʲôı䶯ɼ϶ڶף϶ûǰʮöˡ
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ε죬ɵЦȥѲӵʱ˳̺Ϳ㣬ҪҪ㣬յ㿾رá
¾ԼٷǳԲˡ
֪ĸһۣЦ²Ϊ
æǣһס
˵Ѷںãǰȥһ衣
ԼĸӹϺףССʱһ
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