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ɱ޶ƣȴҶͽ
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1.   1    ׸ԭ1

ôô˻һڣ
ʹˣۿף˭뵽ᱻ˾֪ҾͲߵô
......

ľϵı˪ҶģӰ
̸ݣ룬֪ԭĴ󲮸ĸ

Ϊʱչ̲ҵҶӵ˸дʥĸĵ
ҪʥĸУѧܣıŮˡ

һΣҶСԭ䡷
ԭţһҾƹݡһƼգ׸鿼ƾ١
׸ź󣬺ͿؼŮۣҪѰš
ԭĸҶҾƹݼҵôȥıԭֻҪԭˮˣҶҲƲǡ
ԭûǱ˾˻

ۿԭˣſʼԭżҡﰵطԭһƵ䲻϶ˡ
ԭǸӣ˵ʲô£ԽΡ
ۿһ󲻵Ÿɴӻԭڣԭϳš

û˾ƹݣû̲ԭɽ°ߣø춯صлˣڿǿ¾ƹݡ
ʮȥһֱԼͷͷԭһ㶼Ķȴǰźԭǰ򣬸ǰӵĸ
ɺôõҩŮȾׯĥʮǲķ֣ͻȻǺˣҪȥ
ʱϹˣȣȴٴαӼŮжصƿ

ޣҲŲҪʥĸԭҶ߷ߵ
ڣ˱󲮸ƽձȻʱ

ڣҶˮů̿ӶûУǼⷢ¡
˵Խϸɤӿ
ľӰˡ

˻ᣬҶǿŵߵˮ
һ¶ǣû١
ԭɻӻȻỹ

ҶҵķӣǰͷٽֵĵǾƹݣС¥ƺסĵط
ǰӣ
ƹ˸СɺĸӲѴ󲮸˵һˣæӦõġ
Ǹ󲮸磬óǮҪࡣüۣüζֶţҲԭˡ

ƿţһಹ졣
Ҷ˸ӣǽȥ

вţԣ⼦ˣ͵͵Ҷļɲ֪ϳԵͣ˺˼ιߡ
вŸճһ鼦⣬ϸ۾ƳۣҡͷԸ԰ɣȥҶô
ʲôӲôԸţҪˣԪոллôʶȤקסӲߣԸڳԼȣ㲻ԣԼԣû......ȿȣ

ϻ˵һ룬ͿҶŽ
һСģ⿨ں˲Ǻ

ȿ......ˮ
źԣѿںļȳԽԽۡ
вæıˮ

һںˮļȥ
ǹô·һûУƳҶתĿ⡣

ãˡ
Ҷ£뼦ֱӺһڡЦӯӯؿϣֱӺϵʡ
ůůļˡ

ϿҶȼųԼ⣬һڶûءæ¼ȣȥס
ȴҶס

ҶӵؿϣһžӨỨۿ£ҲãԼţ뼦ҺȹǰѲͲˡô༦⣬Ӧñ˰ɣ
ԭһֱУǰ̣ÿʲô£ȾԸáҶԭ裬ˡ

һؿڣҶɣҶϴˡ
ӺͿǧ𿴶ۣ׸ޣֻܺȢµҶԸǩ˺飬ȻãҶҵľ¥żҵġ
ˣҲ㡣ҶӱͲУˮżҵ𣿡ÿҶʹ죬Ͼͻᵽ⣬Ϊ֪ҶҲ

ڵҶԭͲ룬˵ӡ
£ᡣ
ŴŮƣ˵ï׸Ů˭Ĵ϶ҪŮˡ
ż룬Ǳ뿪

ïźҵģûãʮŻ檡ҶƲ˼ϵͣ˼ں󣬻ָ㾫񣬵ģңïŵĺӣҪҶż
ï׸ȥٸġ
׸Կƾ٣Ҳ̣Ůڱ˼Ůһ

ʮϲذθ
ǵȶʮ꣬ǧܵĸˣôܵŶӡҶżǲŵĶӼҶҵ׸˵ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ûżöˣֻöӵҶҵ׸Ҷ˵ЩǩֻѺֻҪ룬Ӿ͵ݹء

룬һҪ롣а

ҶüĬĬ˼֪ϱˣ˼һתٳϸмãԱ˻ϴ롣
ϴʱҶس˳˵Ļᶼϡ

˺ð죬ϲŷӦʴӣղϴ룿
ûءв룬Ҷлл˼
һؿڵǻϴ룡ʲôӳϵķãٸҿ㣡ָӵ㣬ȥϴ롣

вŵС˼ϵƣҲûա
żö죬ûǮȢϱܶҪʸ֦ȥˣҶģκãҶȳʶá
ôţвϴٶȿ˵㡣
ﲻڳ͵͵õļҶȥ
ûҶΪҶǰԺƹˡ

ҶҵľƹˮС㴼񣬼۸񻹹
в֮ǰ

Ӱǰвŵƹº󣬾ƹݵ𽥵ݼ
ԭʵв͵ǮŲˣһֱţвһá

Ҷһ飬в͵ʮӡ
Ҫ֪ƹһֱǱһҲʮӡвб˽ô࣬һӻסҶÿ»ԭҪӴﲹ

ĸǮӹúá
żڣҶǮҪȥż˿ڴ
뵽żĸˣҶüʱвŲɶʱˡ

̾ʲôأвҶ棬ӶͳٺЦŵֻ˼õӡ
磬ļƹĶҶУҶĶֺҶҲвƤ

вͷЦ£۾гһ죬ò˼Ȼǳģģﲻ֪

вЦҶʲôˡ
һתвǳǳЦɱô˵ΪҺáҪＫïҼҵ׸Ҳʶïֶˡ˴磬˵ïȥѧʶ֣Ϊʲôûȥأ

⻰һвŵԽס
ЩżӲ̫ֻܹһӶѧãͷӳǩɺв͵ǩֽţõܵܳȥǩ
вﻹǲʡ
ҰҶ׸Ҳˣ飬ںͿǧ˽ģˡ




2.   2    ׸ԭ2

ҶвۣջĿùϵļת¥

ҹЪǰţӵź
£¥йˤҶ͵ز¡û¥Ϊµõвź˾ơ

һ˯ò̫ȡ
¥Ȼ˵ľƹޣŨľζƮڿæȥ

ϽֵвҲǵģҹʲôơҶʰ£ҪӪҵˡ
ǰΪҶˮƹһֱЪҵҶˣϿɲԸšӶżҵġ

ƹ¿ҵֻмСơ
磬ȾƵĿˡ

ĵһǲǮԪҶסڣа˳߸ߣƤڡ
սҶϺơ

Ҷһ£ǮԪԭСһ鳤һֱҶκҶҪ׸ǮԪǶӣҲֻܰϲ
ԭҶżҸߺǮԪȥïţκδ򲻹صˣɲзϡ

Ҷ˾ƣһ̻׸ǮԪ

Ҷ𣿡ǮԪһƣһ¡
ݾˮһĿǣïſƿĵط

ҶҡҡͷЩڴӦÿ˰ɡҪǼϢż˾ͻȲˡ
ڴǮԪЩۡ˼ƣû죬ˡ

ֽܿλˣͷеСԭĵСϸߣвƲѣֻҶԸɡ
ˮ򲻴ͳĽ֣һͷȾƵĶǽַھӣ˭ҵϸ

ҶҵľƹݿҶﶼ̤ʵˣҶһȥھҲȰҶס׸׸ôŹһס
ԭ̫Ͽ˼أïĥӲݣӦˡ
ȻҲڵ鷳

ǮԪᵽ˼ݣսļλҲ˹
һ壬ż˳ۣԸҶҵ׸ɱżȡ£ͺߺߵïҲϢˣ²ڼݿۣʲôСӹȥ˻ꡣ
Ͻӻ٩ܣïų˹ģЩﶼġ
ҶҪïţô찡תͷʵ˵ҶƯеǮǿƹݵģǰïŸʣïţҶƹݰ˳ɿˡ˵˵ȥͲ׸ȥ顣

һҽˣĺ͸ˣϴӺóûسҪȾƾʵºȣͣпȥբһ
˵ţקסҶԺߣһŮ˼ңͷ¶棬㻹ûаïŷïţķţ

ԭճɻ飬ȥˣïһҪòԳ鹡иڿĵСκвʱƲֻӲͷƤǮ
Ҷߣȴ¶һ˿ί˵ˣ϶鲻ãŻ¡

ϣ......
ʲôʱҪˣ

Ϻʱƹ廹߶߶ǰϹҶôõĹ׸ǸԸҿԡ
ǣҶģãҵҲʵ˸ͣûסǰҶϸڱȶŻšҪïţҪȥ
˭˵ء̾ҪҶҼҶϱ϶żˣ͵ԣ¡

ˣ
һֱĬĬȾƵǮԪ顱ط¾ƱһȺ˱˵лҲ
彣ߵ̨ͭ壬ǮԪҪʱͻȻԺһ붼û룬˽ȥ

弸ˣҲ˽ȥ

˸սԺͿҶɪɪؿǽϣӣжΰְ׵÷ܿͶͨ졣
ɢѣһˤ˵ϴ衣
ϣֲװͰ͵صҶ

ҶļˣڰسһǮԪУǾܵ۸

ϣ̫˰ɣǮԪŭʣ˼ŸϱأҲû˵ïһ׸㵽Ҷҵű㻹ҪҪ
˵лᣬǮԪԸûסͻͻϡ

ϴ̧֣ڳԵ......ʲôˣ
ҶϴѣŲСײҶôͳ˿Ҷ

ĴҶϽӻỨŹ䣬ûúϴ裬Ҫע㣬Ͳᱻײˡ
ϵͷûУСģҲŻײġ
ĻǮԪͰ۸Ҷ

Ҷ˵תȥǮԪǮ磬ô˵ϸڣĿǳе¡˵ˣ......ҲûˣҪġ
˵Ҷ΢΢ͷû˵ʲôǮԪѾ϶Ϲ۸ˣҾô

ҶЩַһĺù
رڣǰˮᱻŰϴѣΪ˵ĵҲ̫ˡ

忴ȥˣҶֶͨ죬⻹ûǰʱûï׸ʲôӵţ
˸͵԰ϸɶı©磬ҪǣͶͷȻϲʣ뿪
ǣǸвҲǸö
......

һһ䣬ǮԪҲĹĵصϣ˰˵ɫǺ졣
Ҷˬˣͷȴҡøеģ֪ΪҺãʼïҲܿǲܡ

ϱ˻ϵľļ˻ȥ̳ܲģҶ˵û£ǻƨ
һӴϰǶ˳ȥ
ԺʱȴҶ¥ݣһصѡ

ҶˣؿϣʹѣһǲϴˡȻ֪ҪˡïҪˣǲܴ
˵꣬Ҷߺͷһ̾һ¥ȥ

ϿŸ˵ѣ޲ðҶק
Ҷ˵ֶԣѾţǴһŰ޵ĹҪûָ
û취ֻ໰ʲԸذ·ϴꡣ

һߣǮԪջصã˵ŵİѾˣջᴫˮ
뵽ïſţǮԪģ޿κΣֻܰĴҳԽϾܱïŸȥ

յ˶ӵš
ïдջᵽˮ򣬴ϿҶͬ롣

Ƶ̨£вŷµܵܵţüҪҶ֪ţ϶Ը롣
Ҳ㣬ϻֲݡҿ˳ҶôõĻᡣ
˵ʲôأǻûǴλᣬҶԶܵϲҶҲԸ롣в̾꣬뵽Ҷϸ¿ˮԥʵҪҶ룬и򵥡

ϲ⣬ʲôӣ

вϱϣ䣬룬ҶҪûڣô˼ȥأ

첻ߵĹ֪һֱ£ϺݺݾסвŶ䣬˵Ҷڣɸ˯ϱ̫ҪֳȥȫҶҪЦ
вŵ㰡룬ҪǲôҶôϺ룿ֲޣȶŵϢˮ򣬿ɾˣֻҪǲţҶһŮˣô˵Ҳҧͷʡ

ϱ˵ˣȷʵûõķӣü˼

ǲ֪ҶſڣǵĻȥ




3.   3    ׸ԭ3

ݵˮ򣬵û.յĽų̡
ïգձᵽˮ
ɿʼġ

Խʱݿذïŵš
۲ѧïŲ⡣ۼ˼˵Լ׸
ϯϣĬĬïţȴڽʱˮĿؼС㡣
Ϊ˳ȫŮѯïûгףïŹ˵ûУرؼʱ˵¡

ؼС㣬Ӣ۾󣬸ïš
Ӽ뿪ʱ˸ï˼Ʊ

뵽ܳΪؼҹïŵĴǿƲסܴϿҴǱ˰˱Ӷ޲ĸ
ת뵽еҶֺͷۡ
ţݲһҶûǸ׺롣

Ҳ֪ʹõû
ï̾롣

ʱ㡰̤̤
ïŸջͷͿؼҵ۶


ͣïŸǰ

ïſڣе彣ïŵСȶӡ
ï۵ùأ......ʲô

ʲô㻹˼ʲô
ïŵ죬ŭʵӣΪƭ˵ûУС㷼İ

............
ıʣï˵ˣ˺ð죬ŵҲǹģҼλǰ裬ǿҵ׸ȻҪ룬һˣôԸ⵱׸أ

һ֮ǰشͷԸˣСܻ٣ïŲޣҲҪ뷨ïޣȻСֻ귢ȥ
үҲ˵ˣïʵڲ׮¾ասΣҪïȥˮ̽󣬲ܾ

˵һȻÿ
ïӿٶˮȥ

*

Ҷ˯ò̤ʵ˴硣
տţŹǷǮԪ

Ǯ磬һҹû˯𣿡Ȧصèһ

ˣ׷һСһˡǮԪ죬ƤҲ˵ˣûؼҲȡ
ֻҹСЩСר͵û˵ġ
⻰ֱӰвŸˡ

ҶӦһãǮԪ⻰ˡ
ҶԷи߷ҶҵǮͲ˼ʮĺþơ
ҹҶ˯ȥˡ
һǷһǷвš

ĵذȽӲҶ˯ò
ȥκͻȻߵ΢ĽŲ

ϣвŪҩóý¸ˡ
뵽ܺҶȣ˼ͱֽҩﴵȥ

ҩ˵ֻҪҩһӣţҲܷŵ
ҶΣˡ
ïԽԽ˷ܣЩȲŷ￴һƬڣʲô

Ҷͷвһ֡
ڰųȥҶƵϣŲԶвţ͵ȥ

вʱ䣬ţûŴȥš
Ÿձƿϱ߾һľͰľͰﻹ˴ССʯͷвŵԴ
žһء

ϣ
в۵ô󺰡

ʱҶӺ߳˹ľݺݴвš

вźøˡ
űľͰͷԴģֻǰһ߿޺ˣҰ磡
Ϲ˵͵ǮСûƣ΢¹⿴Ҷ֪вţº

ֵԺӶýյҹУвź˺ѷΣϵļϱѡ
ǮԪﲹҹû⣬ڿڣҶҴҽУ彣ǽ

ôˣǮԪʱҲ¥¥ݿײ˸ţǮԪûΣֱӳҶķ䡣

ᣬҶûľϢ
ϵвû˲ʱӣֻʣһˡ

Ҷ½ѵвţðвŸϳȥû뵽ǮԪˡ
ڰ

Ǯ......Ǯ磡Ҷľһ䣬ܳΡΡָ͵Ǯ
һ⻰ǮԪӣݵȼûˣֻðвš

ձҶɨۣȵס죬ŵôǴ磿
Ǯ磬ĻСҹţϷľͰҡΪ͵ǮԲľġҶ˵꣬ؿвţȥǮԪǮ磬ǲǴˣ

ûС
ǮԪвеͲתͷֽȻ˶֪Ͳҩ

ʱھӹš
ûõӦһ׳ֱײŰ壬Ŵһ˽Ҷʲôˣ

û¡Ҷȱϣ̽ͷػһ䡣

ϱ¥µȶϢȴû뵽ôǮԪˡ
ݺڲ鿴ƣҶ¥˵æȥקҧҹģʲôأƵŮ˹ˮïȥֲˣôź𣿡

¥Ĳ壬ȸˡ
ǲ¥żھӡ⡱¥
ǶҶҼʮھӣǿҶģҲûٵҶҰżĸƷжӣҶеңʲô£һҪץżĸȥ١

¥󣬿קסҶ첲ҶҧŴۿģһǱ۸ˡ
ҲǸƢӰҶߣϣҹ˯ʲôأ

˵˸ҡ֣֪˭һҶذһϢвš
Ҳסˣ⡭ô£

Ҷ̧۾ȥ˵
ǹˣһҶģ״룬Ҷ£ǰҪв˲˵£һȥ٣

Ҷȴҡͷ
һϸ̲裬ðᷢӳô

ʱǮԪеͲǲҪҶвҶҩŻڵĽ
֤֣ǮԪǲ죬ĻŶȸߡ

һ⻰˶һȻı顣
ҶҶļ򣬰£ء
вֳ£϶ܼ¡

Ҷ˵Ҫ٣ˣϹ˵ʲôʲôҩвž¡
ظ֤¥жв¥˭֪Ҫ
קסҶһ첲תͷȥǮԪҶͿǮСӲԾüȥǲǮԪɻ±вײƣǲҪݺ

һҡ
ˡ

ҶĬĬĴָⱾ£Ʒ
Һԭ

ץҺ۰
Ҷίҡͷ˵ûУǵôҺ˺þûǮ絽ˣһѽ

ҶֳĶھǶˣ˯ٳҲûѡ
˱͸Ҷȥ˵ŰҶʲôĶŶϾϴͨвţһҶڡ

ϣҲ̫ҪˣƿڴҶǣ͹ˣ㻹뻵ԼҶϱڡǿïſҪţҶ䲻ż𣿡
һеģô˼
϶ʱڳ˵У飬ˡ

¥µ弸˵ȵż¥ϴôˡ
ҶתͷʱƼ߷һĨǰףȭͷ¥µȥ׼£ż̫һҪҶϱȥ

вźʵïŵŹҲҪûˡ
Ҷȴס

Ҷʱٿһ䣬ΪʲôҪҰ
βᡣ

ɫïź˾ƹݣȴûһˡ
͸ڴھ㻹˼ʣĸεģһͱץȥˡ




4.   4    ׸ԭ4

֣ïŵŰˡ
ֻҶ룬ôŪٵĵز
ھӾôˣھȴԸ˵Լȥÿ֪ˣҲż˸ɵó£Ҫ

ͬеɫ
ȥã

ïź󱳿ʼð֪ʹʲôͻͻغ¡
ȻԸȥɣԶϢһ᣿Ҫ£ɲźͿСء

ȴܾˣٷϻ·

*

ã֡
ˮ򲻴ƽҪõ²ࡣ
òÿû˶ˡ

ᣬ̫үҲòˡ
ôУҪοҶ̬ȣء
Ҷôģ

Ҷſ޹أ£ε·ʱܵ£үĻҲ......Ҳ֪ô죬δ£ڻֻú¡ȫƾү

һïţѾԭίû뵽Լĸ׺ֳȻ˴󵨡
ͷƤؿҶ
Уü˱ӣȻԸǰȫˡ

Ҷ
ïųȺǻûӦܵҶߣսҶһշްն㲻ҪƽºòãҸţѾӡʹ类У㹩ҶǮͰ׷ˣ

Ҷסûʲô顣
ɲϡʲôӣᣬвĸӸϳȥɾͲһˡԭѾϸϳȥˡïΪ룬ǲԸٻ

Ҷûб飬ïżˣӣҶΣﲻ֪ʹ¿϶ᣬǶһˣǴ¶ǵô

°ˡ
Ҷװɵظ

ïԽԽ죬ӣ˵仰룬ҳţ󻹻оˣԸƣⲻһֱڴ𣿡
ұ󲮸۸˵ȥ಻ʣָ˵㹴ءïźܼðԺҪˮˣΪԸڣҲܰʵ

ҶЦˡ
ܺ
˵ֻïŹȻǸ

üͷʣ˿žïűԸһò͵ïţץˡ

ڹ̫үʾµǮԪһ⻰ͳ˹קïš

Ҷû޵ïţҲΪˣĲô찡˵ʹ粻ܱУȻӰҵڣ治֪Լʲôôͻỵأ

вűʱͲô˵óе㾫ȴҲʲô
ϱ˶ʮ棬˿ïţҶˣҪΪ
ѾûӺͿС£ֻ˵ҶǸƵġɿˣͻȻֿϣ

ïſʹ綼ڵľۣҶ£Ȼʲô¶ûУܰĵش˵ĳ

ʱïſڣ̫үȵïţȻйȴҹã֪
̫үݲɳӣµïźҶ˵ʲôжż˸ǲм

ïŵɫɲǼˣ......̫үˡʵ

ٿԲƽϡ̫үҪǼڹϣǿɾͲһˡȰһ䣬Ȼ׸ͲżҵˣżĸΣֻҪ㻮ޣ¾ͲšִҪߵڰ׻żĸӣǱֻʵϱ͢ʱŹ˳ɾҪûˡ
ʮ꺮Ȱ˼

ҪƿΪ٣Ҫ飬ҪƷ¸С
ï׸ûȵžҪûˡ

ˮֿ̫ү
ïҧ¡

ïţ
ϼӲԸһǰڣȥ

ҶҲſޣСҹݺ˳˶

Χ۵ͱϵ߷ߵïҲ˼˵óڣҶ飬˴
ͷïţҶô

һΡ
ǺֿҶԸ

ҶȻԸ롣
Ҳ̫ïˣҪݷ

ï뿪ú̫үвźϸΡ
˶ƽкá
һȥҶסڣֻжӣûйŮҪǱïȣԼȥҶҵ׸

Ҷվεï˵Ҵˣҿд
ƨأû飬˵ڣ˶ö˵ïž׸ĲǣҶˡȻؼң֮ٸϸ˵

Χ˼λǸǿ֣ҪڷҶ

ϵǮԪҶĻ۵
ֻվһԿţĪڵûȥҶס
ڣֻҶĬĬػҶ

Ҷصƹʱҿ˻ᣬֻһ

ҶȲ裬ڴصҶӶ˵һ䡣Ϻв´ǻãǵïˡԭ£ï϶и񣬾йٶá
ǹˣ˵ЩȻһ˽ģȴҲΪҶ룬үķȻãݸïŲԸ㡣㻹ᣬҶգôãһϡ

лѣûǣ治֪ô졣Ҷ̾ʵïĵǺõģô˵
֪ҶǸӣûҶ˵ĹԸïŸƭˡ

Ҷͷ˵ã˼Ƿ뿪
æһϣҶȷʵˡ
ֻձϢïšžžš

ŶһᶼȲס

Ҷ֪ҿţ
ïŸȥʹ磬¶ˡæȴҲ֪ͿСʹԵˡ
ˣïŰԹҶҪҶнյ¡
ǵ˰˱ùò׵õСȴΪҶʧ

ҶٲţҪײˣ

ҶмءСһïŵС壬ײѲС
ïųסҶ쵶ն飬ïţҹҲ˯þˡ




5.   5    ׸ԭ5

Ҷ쿪ţ
ïŸˡ

Ҷ˵ӣź
ߵԺĴߣԺžƸףǲȵһ¥ľƸϣܳɹ뿪
ԣ߲˵㡣


Ҷһɿֵ˲䣬ץסǽϵľ׮
ľ׮꾭紵ɹֲڲѣľмҶģ˲ۡ
ԾƸϺҶֱӳסӡ

֮ǰϺвŵ̸ï˺üŻ
ϵԸ񣬿϶ԭż

¥ïţײ첲࣬Ųſˡ
ȴûҶ
ܵߣƸϵЬӡ֪Ҷˡ

аڶѧˡ
ïŵһ䣬벻Ҷˣææ¥
ܵƹݣͿҶΪҶҪ뿪붼û룬ȥһѶ

һأïûȥҶʲôûע⵽¶һǵż

Ҷǲǹʹ磬Ҫܣ
֪ǴҪҶïŻʶȥҶĴ

Ҷűï˦£ûסҪ֣Ϊ˲裬תڰïţûУҲ֪ʹΪʲôҪ£......֪𣿡

......ҵȻ
ïŲҪѿڶ˵֪ڼʱͣסô˵Ҳ̫ûģ±̰Ǯƹݰæ˵岻ãϹˮͲ裬ź㣬ڹĻû𣿡

ҶǺǡ
˵ϹĹҶΪïĴָ

ïţһˡ
ҶȴûͣǹïţֺõˣǻҪ󿴡ҲҪܣЩ·ʰˣ׼ȥġţúù𣿡

ʲôãȻã
ïźҶˡ

ԳΪش˵Ů飬ҪЦ׸
ïﲻƽ⡣
ƾʲôŻҪ£
롣

û˺ͿؼǧĻ£Ǿʹ˺룬ŹҪȥ
뷨ԣӦҶۡ
ֻҪҶˣҶҵĲƲģҪȢҲ⡣

ï󣬶Ҷڴı飬ûҪڰڼӣסҶУҶҪҼҲǲСʱͬˡ
˵ţسҶ߹

ҶһװïҪʲô͵͵غ˾䡰ïšβתǱ΢

ïźҶ̬ȣץסҶĸ첲ȥ
ٿвҶȽ

ï㲻Ҫң
Ҷ˵ïŻûץԸˤȥײ棬һƬƤ˲Ѫ顣

ҺʱˣïŴ̧üʡ

ҶȴûïŵĻſŲһ߿ŵïţҵʱ̫ˣ㲻ҪҺòãҵһϹãµģʲô֪
Ҷ޵ʣʼǼٿޣײذ壬ۿˡ

䣬ǮԪͳƹݡ
ĸӵİӺ󣬲̫Ҷû뵽ͼ档
ŭ𡰲䡱ţǮԪ˵׼ïŵţҹȥ

顣
ïųأѪֱ硣

ʱڵھҲ

Ҷȿųҭӣï......ïԹҡ
ȻҶû˵˿ҵҶ˵ĸ첲ټϽĸӵ£뵽ïҪҶ

ïţ̫ˣ
ҧ˵꣬ȺͻȻ˼ˣ֪˭һҶ̫ȺԶɢҶ̫óһ·

Ҷ̫Ҷ峤˵ҶͳûˣСļ壬ҲԸļҹ档
ĸӵºҶҼ۵һ飬ïţֻҪïԸúôҶҲҶҵһҫ
ɸյƹݣͿҶ˵ĸ첲ǽľƹݣҶ̫ŭˡ

ïţ̫
Ҷ̫Źȣߵïߺ󣬺ݺݵïŵĴȡ

ïŸձһȭԴ˵ģְһɤӶˡ
ȴûһ˿

Ҷ̫ͨ죬ɨſΧ۵ˣ̾Ųң
ȥҶҶؿҶ̫ı⣬˵һһ׮飬ҶûһֵܰٲæֹҶ˶ûˡ
Ҷ̫Ҫˣïʵڲ䡣Թúô㣬֮ǻǺɡΣ

֣ҶСͿʼȸԾ
ǺɲҶ򴽺ᣬؿŵϵ͸¶޾Ĳᡣ

ȰҶٺãҲöòá̽ȴҪɱȡԭ仹ǲҡ
˸ͣ԰ᣬĸӸҸɳ캦£ïҲǺö
ǣɡ
......

˷׷׿ʼȰ롣
ҲÿϧϾˮųһţôˣ̫ϧˡҶߵȰ룬뷨ı㲻ҿڡ

Ҷþûش𲻳
Ҷ̫˶Ϊ壬ûô£ԽҶĵغãïż۸Ҷ

ʵϣҶֻʱ䣬˷ֵϵż

й۲ģǵǮԪż󣬸մ򿪣üͷͽһǿŭ̫

Ҷ̫ʹˣ۾е㻨۾˺һſݡ
ʱõɴ۾һָïţһ˳ԭԭ⣡ïţĹΣΪȢǧ𣬾ȻҪкҶҹ
ǲˣҪݷ򣡡




6.   6    ׸ԭ6

ݷ
⻰һ˶ˡ

ûָѵïţݷ򡱣˲ɴ۾̫......˵ʲô

ҶҲʱôˣȡ
ʵϣзơ
ȵһ̡

Ҷ̫ŭͷ˵żݸǮԪǮԪ

ǮԪƳ۵ϵïţһһҧţţվҪˮ˼룬Ҷ䲻żң뿤ش˵ãֻҪҺ󣬿ش˱ѰŮҡʶʹ磬һ֮ǰҶǩº顣
ڶţգұҪʹЩҶǩº飬ʲôӶԡ

ǮԪֽ֣߬
̫𾪣һʱỹûӦ
˻ع󣬶˵ï˿ˮ
֮ǰҶïźϧģҲߵغݷ򣡡

ïҪ⣬ȴᣬͷ

Ҷҵïţ˿صïţԭһֱ䲻㣬......
ïûҶ׸ǰ游ĸ˽Ӷ顣Ҫ׸ҶңҶȫȫ֧ȥ飬ïŸš
ȴ˵䣬Ƿȷ顣

Ҷï䲻ŶԣҶҳʹ飬Ǹؤ
԰һƬ

ҶΡΡؿïţïҪ£˫ۣװιȥ

Ҷ
æַҶǮԪǰסҪߵïš

ȥˣҶ̫ŻһչҶһѺïȥá

ҶȻװΣûϢã˯˻ᡣ
ǰ

һ࣬۾ŹǷˣȺɡ
ҶθտգԱ˵еӡ˶٣ۿˣï,ôˣ

õúܡ
˵ϰѰȫȥ̫үҲ˵ïŵֻú룬вŸɵ²ֱָʹֻ˵ïŵп޷
һתЦˣ̫ү˵ˣȻвïţïŵŹ϶ûˣҲǱӦ

Ҷϵ
ܲõģïһһҪƾٷⱲȴ
û˹ûǮգҲҡ

Ҷ̾һ˾䣬벻ס

ʲô벻ףżҾûˡҶģԽҶֵôĹҶϱ˶ҲżĲ㡣
ż˶˱ӦҶǶָӻлᡣ뵽ֺ˵㡣

ۿˣ׼ȥ
ǰݷ飬Ҷ̫Ѿ˰ãᰴӡСҶ˵ݣïȷʵ䡣㻹ᣬдѻᣬҪïϵ

ҶһԥԥͲʶôˡ
ô£ˣҲгɳ

ߺҶƵĻϲŸұֳ
ԥݷϰӡȥţ޳ïŵĻïžʹûϵ

һҶ˯ṳ́ʵ

ïţǳҹߡ

Ϊʲôأ
ïŷԼ

ĸ˲붥أǵѣԸ⵱׸
ò׿ȡֱˣƾʲôҪ׸ͷӣ

ï벻ףֻҪ룬ֲҪҶڣôҪܷ
ʮ꣬տϣȴϱ
ġ

̫үҪ鼪ݣĹ
ش֪ҵ£ƱػԹ᲻ͬ⡣

û˹ʲô·

ïſκϣһδεغڣǵû׸ҶҾͺá
ֻߣٺһ㣬Լ֣˵ֻġ

û
һֱȵïŶû˯š
Ҷݷ顣ˮʮһݷˣ෹󣬶ҪΪˮ˵Цϡ

ҶٿïţǮԪð
ڼ˱

һֱҶҵľƶò
ҶŮҶڱָŮïֻ뿼ѲŴŮߵ̫磬ֻһļҶ
ñʼƼ

˵ԭʶֲ̫࣬Ҷö֡
ҲҶлһӣʣµľǾƹľơ
Ҷ¸ֻïŶķѴҶһֱóïš

ûïţƹݹҶһС
ԭԸǰҾƹݾӪá
Ҷô˻ͣҵΪû鿪ҵʵ¾ơ

һºٽϦ
Ҷ¾Ҳˡ

һƷ̳Ʈ㡣

ƹ¿ҵʱĿ˶ҪһƷ
Ҷĵֻ˵Ƶ¾ƣȽ٣ÿֻ̳

һ¹Ҷ֮ǰǮ

ƹãҶһСæЩھǿ
һŮˣǮƯȻ޹ˣĶ˻Ǻܶࡣ

һ˵׵ģǸڵ

ӣ￿Ϊﹻ±˵ϱȴܼѡ
Ҷֵʾüκ󣬶ûõҶĻӦֱӹס

ҶѾƹݴÿáȺѵ
ҶŲµҪ˵ʲôȲֻͷ˵˾䣬á

ֹˣ֣áǸȦӵˣ򴽣Ҳ㶵ȦӣֱӸ˵ˡ
Ұס˼ʮ꣬һʲôˣ㶼Сúãһ˹ܹвĵطңûˣ治ܰġ
㣬ԸԸ׸

ӣʮȴһֱ˵ϱΪòƸ
Ǿãôӣ׸һҲûʲôסýÿռӣҶһ㡣

Ҷȴû˼
ԭûĶ

ûۣЩģҶϲھӣȴûǳΪһˡ

ӣңҾͺ˵ʵɡ
ҶУһϸƢº͵ˣ˵ģżҵ£ʵġڣоѡѺϴккʵĻᣬһӵϥţû׸߼˵뷨

Ҷ˵⻰ʱҶ̫϶ΪҶϧϾҶᣬʹټޣҲ
ҶǿˣҲǿ󡣷Ҷɼң˻Ҷ࣬ԸŮֻҪ£ҲûĶܡ

ҶҲô룬ǹŴӸ壬ִ˼ά
ҸϤ˹ӣԼ
ӣҲΪܶס˵졣Ȼûɷûӣߵָô

û뵽ҶѾע⣬˵䣬Ҷ̬ȴûɿԸ˼Ҳֻա
¾ܾһΣԽԽ֪ҶԸס

ͬʱҶҾƹݵ˳ȥݵĴ¥֪ˮиòӺܻơ
Ľ




7.   7    ׸ԭ7

һƷǧ
ҶСƹЩæķӾôٶĿˣǮиޡ

ȰҶ̸ĵ̣ǮȥĿơ
Ҷȴʱû뷨
Ӫƹݵļֻˮףûʲô鷳Ľ˶ˣ֪ûгףûˣвëëŵˡ

һСƹݾǷǣ˵ģ
ҶȴǮǮպҪ̣Ҳ´㡣

ָչˮӭ졣
ϸ꣬Ҳˡ
˰ֻһ˳ٳûߡ

Сȥ˵Ҫȣȴݺƿ
ϰأҺЩˣ첲С֣С˺ü
СΪѵ͹٣ǵϰﲻƵġ
ƿʲôƹݣС죬.ӾͲҪƷϰеǮ

СڵûɶãϰǮˬ죬ӲΪҲȻؼҡʱɲϰλ͹٣˵һΣǵֻƣ£ҿɾҪˡ

٣
㻹ұ٣
˾ȭͷۿžҪСȴһֲڵָץס첲
ͷʱһѵˡ

ǮԪؼҪƹݣͷ֣ˡ

С⣬Ǯˣ˷Ҫϰơ

һ֣ǮԪûסָ͵߬
۰ʲô۵þ˴룬ҪˣȴǮԪĲѣ˲ûˣǲ˰ʲôᡣ
᣿ǮԪʡ
ǰҺ˾ƣһʱӲ˳˵Ĺջ֣һˣæȻȥ˰

ߣǮԪҪȥ׷ȴҶס
Ҷƹж¥Ҫ׷ˣ־ƹץº鷳һΣˡǮԪŵֵѣתЦǮҪؼҰɣл㣬Ҹһƴȥ

......ˡҶӣ¶׵ֱۣǮԪƲͷ
Ҫģ鷳㡣ҶƣƹݶƮŵһ㡣

СʶȤȥԺɨ

ҶѾƺڹ̨ϣһƣҲʮգʱҲˣպôһòúȣ
ǮԪžƺŶһӹ죬˵ȴһֱû˵


......˵㲻ˣԽ棬ǮԪԽС̵ˮһ
Ҷ󷽳ϣǮԪǸĺˣĳЩϣԥϲɴˬһˡ

һ񲻼ѣǮԪ΢΢˵ӣɫڣ죬Ӷ͸ˡǲ˼ȥҶ۾ԼĶ¶Ҷ

˵ġҶǳЦҲͬˡھͺܺãҪıˡǮ㣬ôȢأǰǮӻ˵Ļ£кüλﶼ㡣գһϺ񡣡

ǮԪӾƹ뿪ʱݽˮûס
СʱϲҶͬʱҲ֪ҶҪ׸ǶӣһֱԥҪô졣
һֱţʲôȥïŽȵǡۿҶףǮԪ˴ꡣҶݷˣǮԪΪԼϣ뵽Ҫٴʵ뵽Ļٵһȣ˵ʲôʱתء

ǮԪ֪ӱܵöˣҲ͵Ȳᡣ

ǮԪ͸Ҷȴ
Ҷ֪ǮԪϲϲȴǶǶԭҶԭҪ˼Ŷԭϲϲ
ͬʱǮԪԥǵǮԪԸŬ˵Ľ飬һתҶϲҪ˼̳оƹݣֻҪŵһҶ˵ͬǻ¡
ǮԪʲôûֻǳļС

ԣǮԪҲҶ䡣

һɨСؼˣҶҪţλˡ
ϵһλ쳤ᣬ૵ֵطϺõһƣѵáλСӣ·֪ɷһЩ

Ҷ˼ۣ£ͨ˵ȴ秡
˼˼ңһѧģֻзŵһҪƣҼҵﻹơ

Ҷ˵꣬˱ϵС˲ôǾûУǲҲǵˣûǮƣ
飬ݵ񣡼ȻС˵ûУǾûС˺Ҷ˵˾䱧ǸǾǾƹİɡ

Ҷ˽꣬ȴ˾ܾ˵˾ƻҪ·
˴һһƷҶţصԺڹĹ⿪Ԥˡ

ƵˣߵôҴңͣһķ϶СԺǰ̾һ
鿪ʱһѵĻϣȿԺӱ˻ߵĹľӲݣ̲סԹˣ֮ǰôǵ̫㱻չ٣ֲûǮαԿۣ

ԣĺף׵ص˵ٻأѲ̫ҪٺҴˣҲҪ¡ҪǲԸ߰ɡ
𰡣ҪңҲ˵ˡһߣۿͺˡ

ԺӲïʢҲûõȥ
Ѱ˰죬ҵһǽǲ©ꡣ

ѣԣǽǣ򿪾ƺ󣬱һȴľס
˺һԣЦڹٳʮ꣬ҲһƷ̫ΪôЩ꣬ȴܶ
ȥԣ飬ΪƫƧˮҲƷƣ뻹ϲ飬ȥ˷ԺӣԺ󣬾Ͷˡ

ûס̫Ӳ˵ˣǻ󣬾˽ȥ²Ȩ֮ƣô......
˵һ룬ԽԽڵס죬ת˵ôôҶġ

һҹĴȥѵӭӡ

Ҷҵʱֿյ˼ҡ
˼Ҫһƣ㾲ڿλơ
£˼ÿնҪһͬľơ

ӾˣұÿȾƵ˭


հҶһ㣬˳˵ԣ£ֶϱ˵ƹݵˣԣˮˣķ޺ֶϱеݡ˵йۣŷȥʢ٣ݶϵ
ʮȥʶ˲ˡ
˵ϻӦģҫ鹵¡˵͵סԺǱչ١
ﳼҪԶһ㣬ǣˡ

ҶЦˣ˵ЦˣƣƸ˵ǣ
ԣӡǲ˵˹Ҳ£ҶƷĵãʱܸпϵĽ顣ǲﳼҶûģ¾ƣͷ۵ʱ

Сľǡٴζ

лҶţ׼ȥԣˡžžš
Ҷſ飬ʣ͹к£

ҼүҾƹݣ޽΢ʪż꣬Ų뿴ƹûˡ
һʱǰˡҶʵ
ӦðȾƣûطȥ춼ˣй䡣鼱ÿˣңӦ͵͵ģ

Ҷ̧ͷ̫ûɽȱޣˮôȥҡ

˷ֿˡ
Ҷʶ˶࣬һ£ҵڳ˯ԣ
ҵˣ˯һʱ㷢ˡ

ԣȥҶæ
ҩԣѹ

ŪԭίԣҶǸʹ˾ǲУҶˡǷҶһ飬ͷˣȥɡ
ҲҶ񣬡лҶӣû㣬һ֪ʲôʱҵү¾ܷԸһѡ




8.   8    ׸ԭ8

Ӻݣǧĵط
һƧԺ䣬ճѿͩ£ïŸһڶ

ܷܷӳŵӶͲˡ
кïŽݣŰɡ

ïЦӦһã鱾̧ͷ졣
ͷãǲöˡ

֮ǰïűѺ͵ݡ
֪֮ïһҵΪ׼룬ïŵŹҺ޲ðïŶȥţƭǲ˵ɳô¡

ɿصŮܷܷ֪Ҫïţơ
˵ˮïӣïţҲһȥ϶ïš

˵ïţ֪ܷܷһһ⣬֮棬ͷˣ췢˵һӶܷܷá
ûˣǿԵؼҵŮ󸻹Ȼ˵

֮кüӣŮֻһ
Ů͸谮ŮԸĳŮв֮ʹʣֲĿŮȥ
ܷܷïž˵£˶֪ǲ޸ïţͷӣֻˡ

֮Ů˸᲻Ůȥӡ

һ¡
գ֮ǰŮ޸ïš
ȴ˸ͷ棬ŪµļᡣïŲˮˣҲïţǽź
ٶïŵֺźٴβμӿƾ٣ӺҲûʶ

ܷܷ뿪ʱ˵һӣǶټʱ
˸͵͵һƱҪï˵ϾïŲʲôʵˣöһۡ
ǣܷܷӺݺ󣬱СԺֻһӺһѾߡǰ󸻴ӣ˲١

ïŸյӺݵʱ򣬾ͺʧ
ò׿ʮ꣬ȴҶˣҪҲܷܷԿ࣬൭ˣٻҪȥ

ǰ༦ïʱûζӶԸãôЩĲ˶Բ𣿡

һ԰ڲ˵죬ȴԼС΢΢ҡͷ
ǿïţһССϲؤ磬аԡ

ܷܷï£ڿһ㲻Ҫ˾٣һж˵
о٣ǶǶˣٿ죬ҲҪʱ䡣ï˻˦ֱ뿪Ժӣϵľ¥¹ȥˡ



ȥյıꡣ
˰£Ҷƹݵ벻֮ǰɡ
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˱ȽϵĵģĴ꣬˵εһЩׯЩˡ

Сſۣ̾ûпˡ
ҶЦûп˾ûаɣǵ͵ˡ

䣬ԣʹ
Ӵһԣֽɡߵ̨ϣ۾ɨ۹̨ϵľƣһƷɣһղľƣͷܡ
һߣٺһЩȽϺãʹˣҪٺȣҪͿ
鰡飬ᣬˆ£ԣֲ飬Ҷ˾ϸϸƷһڣҪ˵ˮţǱˡʢ¥¡

佱ˡȻȴʺˡҶǫ
ҲǣһСӣʢֵطۺ졣ԣܿҶ˼ҶӡܺãΪǫͣҲ󷽣һ㡣ϲĶϱϧ޶Ů

ԣھƹ˰գСһ㣬Żȥ
ⳡ꣬պͣˡ
ˮ򱱱ߵĵطأѾ񾭹ˮ

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ǿģ٣ܲҡ

ͣ˰µľƹݣҶҲûţڼҼ¾ơ
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һգҶںӱϴҰʱͻȻƮһľ衣
ȿľ裬˳ѽǺһӣ

Ҷվ󣬻ĿһӤ
˺ľ蹴ߣߵӤ۴

⺢ӿ޵ôǶˡźӵ
Ҷ鿴ľ裬ûֳһӤңǸӤЩƣȻ޹һʱ䡣

˰Ӥ˻ȥ̺ӵĸιӣӲų˯ȥ

ô죿ҡӤȻӤȴװ֣֮ǰúܺá
Ҷ˵Ҫ̺ӣһֱûʵģֳɵģҶ㶯ģȻﲻҪҾŰɡ

Ҫ𣿡
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ƿҶͲˡ

Ҷȴ⣬ͲûɧлӹģԺ˭Ҳ˵׼Ȼ͵ҸǰҾš

һ̸ûȰסҶ
գҶʹźȥҶ̫
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ҶȴÿϧΪȥףҪϲ˲ŻסҪһӵƣõߣԵˡ

һ鷳£Ҷʱչѧϰӣھǰæƽƽꡣ

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ģŽǮ˶ˣ˴ҶҶ뷨ҪǮ
ҶܽһΣ뵽СҵϸǵȳٲһЩԷ

ʶҶҡ
ɼ˵˶ֵʱ򣬿иõԺ

ǰ˶ͱ
ھǣҶҲ̫áûвɢϯһֱˮȥ

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սԺӣͷ߷ߵҳҪʶֶ飬Ҽү̡ܽҪôԶƲҼүѧʶ

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ԣĶ䣬ȥƣСӷϻ࣬ɻ
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ҶƼţллˣɽˮ꣬Ҳ֪һټġ
ʶԣ꣬ԣ̸£żֵİףҶ֪ˮֻԣʱͣϢĵط

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9.   9    ׸ԭ9

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ҶŵǲǳԣԣҳԺ𣿡
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һˣǰŮӣҶ÷ǳ񣬾ʲһ

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תһᣬŷֶԷͣڲԶĿԣĿһ˲·ֹͣ١
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10.   10    ׸ԭ10

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飬ԭҲïط꣬ʮ¡ʱԭԭïţٴμ޸ïš
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Ҷصƹݾʰ·ԣѾھƹݵ
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11.   11    ׸ԭ11

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ˣ𣿡ï

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ܷܷݺˤеκУžһأûҼҰ㣬һû˹ˣнգ
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ͷһؼҶʲô帾ˣʶˣܰȥˡ

ܷܷ㲻Ҫ嶯òãïŷҲ֪ҶеٳϵҰƼˣȥٱǣʱ򲻽Ҫ군Ҳᱻۡ
缸꣬ïŻûоٵʱܷܷĻҵţʯ󺣡ï˾٣Ҳ˻šï⣬Ϊ˲Ҫ鷳֮Ҳֻǰ㼸䣬Ƶ࣬ҲïЩ

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ʵԣǰѧԣԻʵۻͦ˽ģʵԸ̣Ǹˡ

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ȻȥҶѶӴſڣïŵĻ
ҶСȴҲó׺Ŵ֮£᲻Ը˵Ȼȥ

ȶߺҶתïţŴˣҲ˵ˣ̣ȥ˾ǹȥˣûҪᡣֻ͵գҲ̧֡
㵱ô룿ïȴǲţҶü˳۵ģ뵽ڲǸ߸ϵ̫شˣ´ˬ

Ҷͷ˵ǵġ

ïȴΪߵ㲻֪ɣΪܲ࣬һͲˡҶôƵҲͶ·ȴôãбӦһ£
Ҷ̧ͷŴ˵ˣҴûʲôءҾǻټΪãȻҷҪˡ

˵꣬Ҷ̧Ҫߡ
ԣѾ鵽вţò˶죬ܲ鵽ïͷϡ
ӣŶԷĻء

ïſҶҪߣᵽܷܷͻȻѿڵҶǲǳԴˣ

Ҷ:
Դף
ïһڴҶǳʶˣԭ˿ͨȴ

Ҷˣﻹҡïǰżһ㣬˵Ļ̫ҲûҪ˼ҲȲѣҾˮܷܷǲȢܷܷҾҪǰ̡
Խ˵ԽΪ˹ҲίܷܷҶӦҵģ𣿡

⵹ûҶïţǺ޳ܵСһ
ҶվſڣïӴһŴˣз˵ģ
꣬Ҷӵסɿسż䡣

ˣΪҶ̫죬ֻһӰȿżïʱһ˼
ԭŴǸİ

һ¾ʹ˳ȥִܷܷܿ
ܷܷһٿޣһģԽʧǱӦ֪ïƷУȴҪ޸

ïűŪ÷겻ѣֻһȣҪʢڸ󡣿վ¥£ȴԽԽף˵ǿռŮ
ЩȻû˸ҵïŸǰ˵µ̫أȫǵ⣬һһᱻ˵ܿʹ˳ȥ
յҪͬŵȰʱïõ˺ֽ

ȻԴôףҶڱɿ˴

ïźòеȴΪҶʧġ˸ˣȴܷܷײլ
գïŶ˯鷿

ïյ֮ľʱ֪ڲˮвţ˰ïŵĹȥ˸顣
ʱïŶʱоֽű




12.   12    ׸ԭ12

ԣ鵽вŵĵ¶ĳҶͰҶԺӻ
ΪԷһ

գҶԺӶ顣
ҶȻ飬ȴһֱҶ
Ҷֺ󣬷еĺɰʣлҪ˵𣿡

Ҷתת飬һͷ£ֻСֲؽͷԼĽűССףǸŴˣǲ۸˰
ҶȻûۿ֮ͻȻԣȻû˵ףԲµ
۸㣬ȥͻȻСȭͷ߷ߵ

ҶЦ£ͷûе£Ҳ¡
û𣿡Ҷ̧ͷף۾ģһĵı顣
ûСҶЦŴȷʵǺˣѽᱻ۸ġԭЩһΪԺ˴ء

Ҷҡͷ˵ûУץס׵ĸ첲֣صԺ۸㣬Ҫ˵ŶǼӺԶף

úúãһ˵Ҷͱˣ˾ƣȥɡ
ҶСӣ˵ȥ棬Цˡ

һԣҶĸӵĻ
ӳ߳üá

ˡҶʰʯϵ鱾ԣ衣
ûпţ⺢ӶòҲТ˳ʮѵõĺúӡҶԣȻ£ԥؿҶ
Ҷԣлֱӵ¾˵ǲˡ

ʣôԣ꣬ҶòյֶסЩΡ

ҶĺӣȻиģ˼һ󣬴ȵøΪҪ֪ԷΪΡƷвãǸ٣ҲܰѺӸǡȻҲҪԼ˼˵ﻰǲϣģϾһĺӣһʱ޷ᡣ
ԣ¶ΪѣҶ´ʣǲ֪ʲô

ԣﲻܣҶ˾䣬öԲҶΥ
ʵ㣬յȥʢţǴˮ㡣ԣ˵ˮ֣ƲĿ⣬ҺҶӣ̫ӴλǹĻϽӵ֧Ԯʢоȥʢȴ֪̫˴ɱСӣΪ˱Сӣ⻤Сӣ̿͡
ԴˣʧȥСӵϢ

ԣ˵ҶˣòطŴͫס
ʱõĲȷʵû뵽ҵӡ

ԣ̾ϵһκ˵µʱҾɡĻĳ࣬ȷ˲롣⼸죬һֱһ˵⻰֪İԼĺӣѪҲû취
Ҷݶ飬޵֤ݣϱض

Щԣû˵ֱ̫ס
˵ҶҲ
ȻǻԣҺӣ϶Ҫһ

ҶˡҶ΢΢ͷҲȥԣ
ԽܣԣԽò˼ҶΪʲôҶԣҲ֪ͻȻ˵ҶǻϵĶӣ˭᲻á

Ǹ
ԣٴεǸ

㲻õǸġҶǿЦ£Ҳӻ
ôһ˵ԣˣô˵ȻһΪ빦ضûϸһš

ԣ⣬ǻϼνҶΪŮԺļҵҶ̳С
ҶỹҶǻ϶ӵ£ûаԣĻϡ

һߣïѾû˯þˡ
֮˵ڲȥˮյҶҶ̫ҪԭϢȷҶڲ

£ïһֱġ
ҶӦҪģʼʶʱͱȡľġôŬΪܹһ㡣ҪúãҲԲҶҶȴʲôæĻ˵ﲡС

Ҷֿƣûù
Ҫ£ҪҶɿڣ֮ǰμ棬ҶӲԡ
ï룬ĿҶߵˡ



ҶԺ󣬾¥˶֪Ƕÿ˿Ϳ
ÿն飬Ҷϲȥ¥档

һգһõĿҶ˵¥˸ͬ
û룬Ҷͳ˾¥
ɸյϣһХʻͣºһ׳סҶ

ҶٴһϾɵׯ
ԴЩֺͽŶסﻹһƲġ

Сôͷһ£ֹס
ȿԺˣ˭Ҷɴ۾

ïõҶƲµС֣㻹ᣬ޸￴ɡ

ҪʲôҶŭ첲ˣû
ģҲʲôï뵽Ҷżģ̹࣬˯žҲҪ档ҵҪ᲻ΪСֻ֣ء
˵꣬ïƲסҶ졣

ͬʱҶѾڸ·ϡ
˵ֻһ֪ͨԣ󣬾ǣ쵽ׯʱ׼С

Ҷӣ˷Ըˣ˵ʱ䡣ɨһܣֵл͵ƣѾȥݳפïΪһǣǧŵˣׯӺ󣬻еġ
ҶͷïŹǽָҪʲô£Щ뵽ïУļ١

˼Ҷųׯȥ
ׯſڰصȥ󣬾ͿԺȲïš

ïţҶأҶҧʡ

ï˵ҶȷһģЦ£Ҷ֣ʲôˣҺȱ衣
Ҷȷû£վԭûжïţǲˣ

ʲôµģïŷ²յ̧ͷҶҶֱͦ壬ʮֲˬ˵̬ȣ
ҶǸСУȭͷŪһôȻôͰɡïߵҶϣֻҪԹұ֤ƽ󡣡

ïţҪʲôأҶüҪҲ׷вŵĵ¶ĳȥͷ
˻һȽϺŶвЩ£ҶѼ֤ݣǽҺ˭£Щ֤ݶ͵ʢҲ֪ģҺǰ̫ѣҸ״

Ҿ֪㣡
ïȻսͺΪҪƣҶҲ̫ˣ

Ҫ㣬ڱҡˣİɣҶ˵ȴһһֵز´ïŵܣȮûվ˵
˵ʱҶѾԺӴһȦԺӣ϶еһ

Ҷᵽï£תЦԭʲô֪ˣװôã㲻ȥϷӣ̫ϧˣ

Ҷ룬ȷʵݵûïйŻïŵ˼
ʱҶͻȻ͵͵.ҶŲԾҪȥȴïקס첲

վסï׵

ݶϣ֪ʱһȺ֡
һ֧ïŵĸ첲۵ïžУʺѪ˳£Ⱦש

ˡ
ïʹغ֣ͿݶĹ֣˲侪סô
ïŲŵؿݶĶǾʿҶôܵǣ

飡
ïסʱű͵ײ
ԣһȺʿ˽
ïŵЩȫſ£仰˵

ҶʱǱѾҶɰ
ҶסҺú°ǸС֣˵ҪǺÿء

ŽԣС֣֡΢һĨɱ
תסïţϳȥʮ




13.   13    ׸ԭ䣨꣩

ïŻûӦͱ׺ʿ˳ȥ
Ϊ˲ŵҶĸӣϵԶ

ҡǳ͢٣ǡôңïҪȴһֺֻݺݰסԴӲĵ档
һʿ˭ͳ£͸ʬ

ïһͷˮô¡
ʮï۵˹ȥ

ҶҶһȶƽˣٿԣ˾ţǻȥ˵ɡ
ԣͷǻݡ

ǺҶĸȻʢ¥
ԣǴïȥ˸ãͬʱ˰ΧŸ

һͰˮïš
վѣ͸ܵβ̹ĵʹ
м󣬵ȿĵطΣͻȻԣ˭ôҶҶ֣

谵ԣվڹӰǰ㲻ʶˡ
ï۾ԣо죬ȴ˵֣϶мû˵

ǵ̫ԣӣºïţ֪㷸˺

ïҡͷǰ̫ʱľ˰أˣһᣡ

᣿ԣɫǺܲÿ²ܣˣ漰ӣֻܳˣã˽ĳһ׮׮һɶ֤ȷ£ûᡣ
˵ţϵ˹˵вűˡ

˹صηïԣ
ï类ץҲˣ̱ڵϣڴʹذï֪ˡҲ벻ҶȻܴϵ̫Ĵ󴬡

һĹвŶˡ
ôһïŵʵ

ˣƹһκ𣿡ïſеֻҪŹңеļҲƶԸ㡣
ԣЦïţǸزƵˣҲ벻ۡ

ԣվïſˣֵ֪Ҷ˭ĺӣ
ïҡͷô֪ԣû𰸣Ǿֱη

գԣҶ˵ïŵİѾꡣïźвŶѺŸҲƣôҪϵ˼
ͬʱҲҪҶҶȥʢ˼

Ҷ֪㲻ȥ׼
һ˿쵽ʢʱҶźͶ˵ʵ

ҶĴתתֹס
Ӽ߾ֻһסҲʹô£˵Ͷˣïųʱв¹ïǲ
ô룬϶

أҲҪ׷ֿҶ׵
ҶҲ᲻ãʵ۵Ķӣôܼ
Ҳ᲻úֿǹ㣬Ǻ£˵ֻһ۰㡣ںǻټҶ

𣿡Ҷô󣬻ûȥʢ֪ϵĶζʲô
Ҷͷ˵ġҶָݺʢ¥ǿټ档

һҶЩ
ʱԣǰͷ·
ȵ˴ſڣԣСҶȥ󣬲Ҫ̧ͷûʻͲҪڡ

ҶҲеţôܹѵġǣҶС֣ȴ̫󣬵ͷŽȥˡ
Ѭ̴㣬Ҷһֱŵذ壬ºͳһҲû̧ͷ

ϵĿһֱҶϣСȻСȴ߷һ˫ӸǺѹԭһģһ
˼õĶӣϴСסҶ޵ĺǿ㡣

Ҷ֮ǰΥϣɻϱš
Ͽˣȴû̫оֻģ˵Ϊʲô
ϣҺܺãġҶأ˵Գƻƽһ

Ҷͷһôһʱϳ˹
Ҷϣʡ
ػϣҶҶ˵ʱû̧ͷ

ֻҶİģӦò˵Ҳ£޶̫˵ˡï޻ᴦ޵ĺӣʲôҪ󾡹˵޻㡣

Ҷҡͷ˵ûУУҲᵱŻϵ˵ԼҾӪ¥ȱʳϻػϣѾܸˣû󡣡

ϺҶĻػûͣ˵ҶƷв
Ȼ㲻ȱǮƣ޾ʹһŰɣϾǷһ顣룬ͷΪˣأʢۡһ䡣

˷ţɾͲͨˣ೯͢ҶҪġ
ҶڹҶס˰£Ҷѧ˹Ĺأʢ˶֪һ˶ӡҪݼȴϸס
˵ˣûϤЩŵ
ʧõĶӣϸ谮ѧʲôܿ죬ÿ³ʱ϶
ģҲͻϤ

ڴڼ䣬Ҷïűǰһȥïš
ïڣͷġ
ҶʱïҶҪ˹קס

Ҷˣڳ˰ɣïζžž
Ҷͷ˵ǣûˣ˵ʲôԣïţҽЦġ

ˣ㲻úïųɤ
ïţнգӦáǵûôģԼûô˽ҲнաҶЦ˵꣬ïſˣˡ
˶٣ҶǰЩѹïţҶ˵ǺˣҶ̫ݷ򣬵㶯֣ҹءµҪԭŶΪӦء

ûٶ˵Ҷ뿪˴Ρ

ïնգҶûȥ
ԣе֪ïųºܷܷˣ֮Ҳֻ֮ͣǰְ֮ؼϡ

ҶҲʢʢ¥ֵ꣬Ҷʢ壬Ҷ֪ҶʢҶĵܵܣһʱ䣬ʢ¥ϯ

Ӧ˹ӺҶסʹ͵ĸۡ
϶пǷʶʱҶҲƽϣ˸з飬ƵĻϾͻᷢ𡣼ι󣬳֪ӣŶҶҲ׷

Ҷ븴ӵĳʢֻΪ
ЩͰµˣҶһŲ
ȨǮдլӣң

ʮ꣬ҶŽյ㣬ƾŵӡ
Ҳɳһ棬ںͼ̺һУɹ̫ӡ

ϼݱ˳λָҶ˷š
һʱ䣬ʢ˿Ҷʶã˭֪Ҷµصˡ

Ҷûѳ֪ԽߣԽ˶ţʢðһׯ԰Զ볯Ƿǡ

ÿգ϶ҶӽԱӡ
лϻţ˳ڡ




14.   14    ǧ1

Сչơ

ָϷ˵밲ûҪȫ
ϷǼңִ˲ģʶԽյûʲôȤ

ǼСغ档
Ĺ𷼺һСͷ
С⿴ֿʣ㣬С˲˵󲮽ôôû
¸¼ǣǸˣбĸķ򣬾ʵãȻˣܹʲôüġŬŬ죬ʾÿ棬˼ɶüġ

ڹ𷼺Ķ棬÷
ǽ֮һ

ּҴʮǰִţ;ɽ飬һ
ΪѲк󸣣ִǰٴλȥʱŷŮ˵ˡ

ⲻִ˾ҪŮ

÷ţɫƫϸϸҲּᷢ˲
濴ŵʵϣеָ׿۽ģһֱſڵķڴǸҰ帾һҪѶԷȥ

֪˶ãŵѾ߲Ž˵үˡ
һ⻰Ϸû˷׷վ

Ƚݣչ󣬺˰ָ޳һǸˡ
һλ÷µĹ˼ʱĿתΪޡ

̲סС㣬ĽôĲ̫һסũôôƤǻҪס̫Ư˰ɣ
ӣʾҪ˵ˣϾϷסĵط

ҶʱҲƴһȦˣоӦϡ
δԽڻصָǰһʹˡ

һδһǧġ
ԭСũ壬ĸȻСȴҶĺӲá˿ʳ֮࣬ҪҶ˵Ļ
ֱҵԭԭΪ׵ؾǣܹϺӡ
СﶮҴĹأǱż֪ܵȫǼǧ÷

ԭòץ÷˹ҵ֤ݣȴ÷ధԭ÷
ɺûñ÷ԭһмȾԭֻܼ޸ϲŭ޳ķˡ
ԭ๫ȥֱĸϳš
ӣȶӸ״Ԫ󣬲żĸҲ硣
ԭѡԭ£ʱȴΪҹ߹Ƕ飬Ϲ˫ۡ

Ҷʱĸҡ
֪ûҪһŻȽĸٵ壬Ȼ֮ǰݣ˾Ǻ󣬱ضҪЦ

ῴеľޣҶ⡣
ߵϷ˸ǰ

ĸסʰ񷼻ˡ
·ϣþ¸Ҷȡּ֣ҵı֣ȡ񷼡

ҶϷ˵ؿҶϵֶһӣһʮ־
˾ͺãޣЩˣҸļ񡣡Ϸ˵գûʲô飬Ҳġ

еԭûôõ֮£һֻԴˣϷ˱ûԭ
Ҷּ֪λϷ˿䣬ʵǸƵģֻϷûӣį
ҶЦŽллĸ

ˮͷ㣬˺˶ֱۣСҲûù˹ص
÷ĿһֱϣоϷڴ

ָһλС㣬Ϊһֱţɶ˴Ҷּˡ
ּΪиĸڣԻûּҡСֱкȥѧãڵֻλ
Ƚ͹𷼣ƯкøУϾͿҶ
÷

Ҷû֮ǰ÷Ǵ󷿵ŮҪøһȣҲûбܵ谮
ҲƲãΪүүְҲԶáļԣ˼ǧ𣬴β˵ҪҶѹơ

÷Ҷ߹ۿȺˣžžãҲãûңҲܿꡣ

һ˵Ļ÷Ը˵ᡣ
ϲԣҲе㶯ݡ
۵ıãһŮʱʮָӣһǳʮ÷һѪҶ

÷㲻˵õԹ㣬㻹ǸӤҲѡȻ񷼻ˣҵŮ֮ǰôôǶһöѣӰָĵλ

÷ҭǸף뵽ҳô࣬ʵûȥ
ղø׸ȷ˵ͻԽΡ÷ΪҪ׸һ˵

ü˵ʲôɵΪ£ءֲּ㣬һλѣֲʲô¡
˵ϻŮҪʮ÷Ҳи顣ŮҪˣּҲҵ˵Ϊּ£һ

Ҷ÷޵ۣųССģèһע⡣
÷㣬Բû뵽Ϊҵĵѹֻҵຣȴûµ㡣Ҫߣһǻȥˡ
ҶƤüһ˿˿ģһޣ˸ˡ

ñ벹Ҷˣϵ˭˵뿪ĻǶҵŮ
Ϸ˵ͷ˵ˣôҶȥˣϾĸס

÷ҪһȥףĸҶҪһȥ
ʵҶֺĸףתĸ׶۰

˼ûôϸ壬ͷӦˡ
һȥ˴ԺӣҶսݣᵽŨҩζ

ŮˣѾ
ȿҶʱǾסת˳ҿŮ

һޣ÷ǰסϵ֣Ҷ죬ȹڴأס÷

÷ûܿϣ۵׻һĨŭתĨᣬĸ׿ˣҲá
Ͽ÷ޣҲܣԸǧٳŮȴͻȻ֪Ůʳ֪ζɫ԰ס

Ҷ˵ǣŮã֪ŮظĸĥͲ븸ϡ

˵
ʱǵĴˣǰ÷òͨΪûãῴҶʱ˳ֿҶָм룬۲ѣָĵճŮ͸ûϡ
һѱסҶҵĺùŮﲻãǵûлԣҲڱǶ˻ȥ

ϿеˣҶĸ÷ĸ
÷Σ϶עעҶȥˡ
͹ҶԭΪǸ֪ũŮû뵽Ļ

÷ϱҶһˣ岻ĸŮм䡣
΢΢ͷеĲʲ
ˣΪʲôҪҶ
һӲ֪࣬ԶָճŮںˣ˼ǧ𣬱˵Ц̫ˡ

Ҷϱýÿܣȳȥˡ
÷Ҫ죬Ҷתƿ

޵òңȴرҶԿ
͹ͤУץӣȴû˼ԣ㣬˵Ľ᲻ᱻ۸ȥ
ǽһ飬ö÷ǵĶֻҪ÷һޣĸҲҪóȥ

ҡͷ˵֪һʼҾǻģɷżã־Ʋ̫һʲôһҲ˵
Դ̾ĽȻĲһ̫ˣǿûӮһΡҪĽѹסͺˣƽŵñǿ׿ˣ˼С㣬ҵҪôԴ

꣡˵⻰˲˵ġ𷼸æôⶼǴ󷿵£ûϵҵǱȽϺ棬ĸ֮ǰһֱ÷˵ռӣãֹĸô롣

ʮ˵׶˵е磬˵λϹӣȤϴǹһƷǻϸǰĴˣϹȥ״ԪҪǴĸϷǹѣּҵļϼǸʡ
£¶һĨ֮ǰ»û£ͻﻰҫҵҪĸѻ˵㣬Ľ㡣

Ҳܺ棬ﻰ˵Աš

ʱźѾ˵Ĺˡ
תͷѰˣƼĽıӰȹ׷ȥ




15.   15    ǧ2

ҶĸԺӳʱ÷ţҶ˵Ϥָ÷š
סԺڽţϵӣ÷ԸҶһ˸ڣȥ˱ط

Ҷͣº󣬳Ц£ã𷼽㣬Ǻá
һЦ޵ٸӶˣŲۡ

񷼽á󣬻õغһ䣬תͷһ£ʣ÷أûһ𣿡
Ҷҡͷװ֪˵¡

Уʲô¡û룬мϹѧ󶼻Ÿǻ̽ѧʣ˵̽ǣ۾ȴһֱϹӡ
𷼳棬üĻ˵һӽá
ƲƲ죬ٶԡ

Ҷֻ֪˵ʲô£ˣõӡ˵һȥͷ˵á
ԭΪż˵ûӾͺãԭܼ޽ϼҡǻϼѾӦ÷Ļ£ֻǸ̾һ䣬ȴ÷÷ԭʧףĺɲǱϵС׻

ҶûʱּҵļҲѧˡ
Ƕּ֪ҽջһãÿ˶ܺǸʲôˡ
رǴ󣬶øǺ档

÷ڽŴӣԶԶؿø磬ҪڴʱȴûϹӵӰ

÷ͳԵ𣿡ԭΪ÷ջû뵽Сʳ㲻ã÷Ҳˡ
󡭡硣÷Լʧ䣬ȷϹûﴽǳǳЦ˵ǣǶ࣬ҲܰæֻԵģֻҪǲС

˿÷Ц뵽֮ǰ˵÷Σ÷ô¹ɵãûѪԵϵҲûϵ
Ц÷ģСʳǸ缸˲١
ֺС˫ӣֻʮ꣬˼ǣ÷ˡ÷ôԵģĽأ

һᵽҶ˵ɫ΢΢ס
÷ȴЦ£ôˣһʱ˵´ǡ̫ϰ߰ɡ

Ҷ׸磬ҲҶġ÷˵Ҷûôǣǵڴʧ䡣
ҲЩˣҶ̫ӣŻһգͲǼǸ۸ڶˡ
ֺû̫࣬Ľ۳Ͷ٣Ȼˣȥ̽Ľɣ

÷û뵽ֺô˵ûҶһøǶҶӡһ㣬¶Ϊѣҿǲ˰ɣô࣬ȥҲСĸҲ˵ˣúúϢ

ֵһϿ˿ڣȷҶϳĿˡ
же㲻ϲ

Ǿհɡǰߣһסһջ

÷ô˵еɹͷ̾ϣô˵Ҿòϲң治֪ôźá
˵ţ÷ֿˡ

ǼóĹڽúֵǰģһޣֵҪɶɶ
ϵƾʲôϲ㣬ֲ㣡
ֺҲŵͷ԰ΪʲôҪϲѽöˣֻװͰ͵غ

÷̧ᣬҡͷ˵֪ռλðɡ

üͷ壬÷֮࣬־úﲻ̫ԣ˵

һԺߣǺֵܵӲһǵһ·ҪֿʱƼһλ˿

磬ǼҺʱλŮ
ֺҲˣǰλôЩ죬ƺе磿

ԼȷӦԭΪû뵽
Ѿõڴӿͷ

Ҷֵܡ
׼Ҫǣ˵÷ȥҸǣ룬Ͳµ÷ܻԼ

ֺȿڣ㣬λ˭
׵ܵܣЦƤһ¡
ֺһʱû뵽ȿڵĽ㡣

һĽ㣬ֺ۾ŵصɴǶ֪Ľ㳤£ӦûͷǰĽȴòռľǹŮҪ
ҲƲۣ̾õǺĲ̫һ

Ҷ÷˶죬ЦǵǺһٷ磬˹ġ

ƽһޣȴҪҶ̫ƯˡͻȻ˸ãֵܲԾЩԺ

Ҷóȵݸ󣬡һȥ˵£ҾͰˡ
ﲢأ·ַƵĺɰЬӣϸһ˿๦򣬡ǻһգĸǸǣҲĹأû뵽ȥѧáʶȻԺӣӸǵʱǲҰɣ

ᣡõĵúϲ£죬˷˵ҶĻ
ֺҲ˵ͷɰȾĻҪãǿģĽɡ˵㣬ô˵˰

ֺһʣ÷ϹҲס

Ҷ޹ؿ÷ʣк𣿡
÷оһĶҪĳֻǿװ򶨣Һˣû
ŶҪˡҿߵüʣ㲻ˣû뵽ĺ⣬ǶԲסҶ˵ţۿ΢΢ʪһ˫˵۾һңۡ

......÷Ҷȿˣõˣһʱᣬ֪òÿޡ

÷˳ۣӵĽĪҪڳﶼǹŸǣҲһ˵Լ˵¡
𣿡Ҷֿ÷ϵס÷֣㣬һֱ㲻ϲңĲǹ¿ʮ꣬ҵʱ̫иˡ

дŻʱ֪ҶȥһܵŮûûҹظɻĸ±ץӲźùһ㡣ûгӣһСָʮ÷Ӳ֪١

˵иʱرֹãΪûʱӭǣʵ̫ˡ
Ҷһֱڵ÷ڣȥãЩ겻ףʲôԺǡ

÷......񷼲򵥣

ֺҲ˵ԣӣʱ䲻ڸҪҶǵ¡

÷ٲԸ⣬ڸǰЦŴӦǵסҶʹøǷ˵ҲôġɫˣǿЩȥɣȻ鱳ʱҪ
ֺȻѵţ԰ҵøϽȥ顣ҪߣȴҶкĽ㣬ȺϢʱٴҽȻ
˵껰ֺһ̵ˡ
Ҳææϡ

ЩɬӱǼ⣬ãԼˣմȥʢ¥ϯֵܸӷ硣
һ仰˵꣬ȫȻ˱ϵ÷һͷغҶ뿪

÷ͷһرӣͻͻŭȴһڣȻ˺Ҷļ

ˣҶȴɱЦݣ㣬Ҳ׼һȥɣ
÷ºҶ˻̲ס𣬾ƽˣҪȥ鷿һˣԺȥС
õѽҶɵͷһû÷ӡ

÷ߺżҶһߣһѵĽ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɡǹƭøǣ˵㲻Ըһȥˣ͸ǵĹϵô

ɣҶһ⣬ﶼ˵ˣʹһҲǰһָΪҪƭ簡
̾һĽ䳤ûն񣬲ȻôҪ˵ˣֻõҵģһۣǻ¡




16.   16    ǧ3

ҶȷʵۣͶٰ£ᱳҲۡ
ỹϢϲţֵʱ
ԺӣҶͰԼһЩвҩóСȥϰࡣ

ּҹԺӣһ
͹Ҫã˵Ժӽš
һ׽㣬ûñزۣѳޣּδĹҶĸ

Ҷȥ󣬱ҹ𷼣üɫ˵ø缸˵¡
㣬ûҲ̫ˣҲĽ㲻լ£һ㡣һǣҶƭˡ

˵ãҲеĸо
󲮸˵ô궼ڼиɻûšò׻صңǿ˭׽ɡ¸³ǣҲʮĹͶ£ȼǹٶסָ˶ãҲûôġ
㣬Ǻϲã

Ľ㳤úÿ̫˼Цˣǰҳ˵ĸʱǾǵһˣǿϧ㲻ˣͲǴĸĺӡ
꣡ô˵Ļ֣ü󲮸˵ôǱ¡Ҹ˵˵ҳ޺󣬿û˹㣬ҪǱõɲ㡣

ͷŹ𷼵ĸ첲ѽҲڶǰɲϡ档ڰĵĻ°ɡ

ּҵճС㱻£ȦѾܡ
ò˶ãǵ˶֪

÷С켣ŮȦЩˣһݸ߲ȵ֪ͣʵũŮָҪôЦ
˵ˣϼҵĻһҪ£ûñҶá

ʶҶ÷ֿ÷ֵϵӡ
һͽӹѾߵĻԶڴظιҩ

ûҶǰܸӡҶָˡ
֮ǰùֲ÷ɿҶĵļ룬̲סԹ÷ĵ

ῴ÷Т˳ϵ˼֣ԸĺӣûѪԵƷп϶
ˣǰɡϳ˰µҩúܣֻ˰㲻ˣ÷ǸúӡҽˣȻȥɡ

÷һؿϣСĸףòã
Ͽ÷սս뵽ȥʮ꣬һ÷ʱۣס÷ûУܺãֻˡĪҪ̫࣬ԶּҵĵŮ

÷ſϻ޵ʣأ֪Һã............
޵˵һޡ
˺һ÷ųŲᣬҲãһˡûôֵܽöϲӦúĸһ˲ǡ

˭˵лˣϷʡ
÷ҧ´ҡͷ˵
ּĸլǵ£ܲףϽߵ֡

ɲϷԸȥߵѾ߽˵Ĺˡ
ҶʱͿ÷޵ױˣ̧üëҲ֪Ҳڣǲ˼

ϿҶת˷ź÷̸ҶôϢ
ҶӹѾеʳУ򿪺һƮ˳ĸ׾òԴûζȥС˵㿪θˬڵࡣû뵽øܵҳˡ

ûʲôθڣҲ࣬ᵽҶʱй÷ӵ˿ڳ
٣㣬ЩˡŮĺ⣬ô˵϶Ҫڡ
һСںʱһѾõζ˲ը·ػһ඼ꡣ

ϵֿθڴ󿪣ϲ֮࣬Ҷôࡣ
Ҷ˵ӣǰƺõ÷ӣˮ÷ˮ࣬ټӵ轵̲ҩġѧҿԽ㡣
лĹǲ֪ǷûθںЩˡῴҶҲϲ֣Ҳϵĸûô˭ǧֻϵ塣

ûԵô˵ҲЩҶôѧģ

ˣҶ΢ͷСĸº󣬼ûƣҾ͸ŴϴɲҩǮҲ˳ѧ˵ķӡ
ҶֶֻԽϷע⵽Ҷ֡

뵽Ҷĵļ룬ָĹûɹֻָжΰۣҶȴҪСɻ
ƳһԵ÷ĵ÷Ȼȥɡ

ٴοڣ÷ٲԸ⣬Ҳֻҧ뿪

Ҷȴû£˵ˣָ԰ӣ÷һȥ
ϱҶ˵仰뵽ɫ磬ߵĴѾҶ÷ȥ

Ůһߣ̾˺ü
֣˵ô°

ҴҴǣοѾ˾ͱˡūĹﱾԼãȻǴլĹأ˼Ҳ衣Ǹ뷨ˣž͸ֺǺһ뿪

ϵͷǰҪ£ҿ϶졣ȴ÷һߣһ÷ģҲĶ¡
뵽Ҷ˳ģ̹٣֮ǰһǸ̻Цģֻúýһָ̣컯

뿪ˣЦŵǰֶֻһλɵŮĲض롣

뿪ˣҶһȥ÷ȴȭ߬
һֱԺſڣҪֿʱ÷ͻȻڣú˻ϲŸһգȫϵ˶Ҫϲˡ

𣿡
Ҷ˵Ц۾ٲ̫˼ؿ÷ϲ𣿡

÷:Һ޲

㣬ô˵Ǻ𣿡Ҷ׷ʡ
÷Ǻ˵ϲʱˣȥϢɡ

Ҷ÷ҴҽԺӣʧŶһ
ϵѾǣͻȻĹõ

ҹҶϴ£˯
ȥ밲ȥϷ밲

ϷҶʱ⡣
Ǽңּģƽûµʱֻгһʮ
룬ջָҶȴڵڶվ͹ˡ

Ϸ˼ҶʱûпףֱҶ˭ġ
Ҷһ棬ĸûҹʱ游ĸڣҲҪһʰġ

Ϸ˶Ҷ˺һءšһȻˣһŰɡ
ϷŷŶزˣʱ಻ԡҶȴԵýζزģָҲһζϳأҲˬ

һٷϸǰֹҶ˵˼ϳɵ֣Ҷѧء

ָңزҺ࣬ȴҲЩӡ
ǴʳԡЦ¶ݿʼٵ·żҪעʲô

ҶƢãҲһʱҲ֣ǹԹ֣Ҳ̺Ҷ˵
ת۵Ĺ򣬾͵硣һĿγ̽ŸҴŹ𷼹档

Ľ㣬ɱû㣬ʵЩ̫ˡץһѹӣ棬ǲ֪ҺͶǰɳ˲ٿࡣ
ЦС˵ôôؾصã
ûˣŬ

Ҷ͹һЦˣԺӵٻ£˵˵ЦЦϵ׽١
ֱԺſڳ÷ΣҶһҪںˣ÷æˡ

Ľ㣬ˡƲἱأŲ档
Ҷ棬ҪȥҴǣ
԰ûϹӣ϶Ҫȥ˵ϹӣҲЩһ

Ҷ⣬λϹӣô𣿡

⻹˵ôذθһƷسԸָ״ԪϼһǰҡϹģãĽ㿴ϹӣҲϲġ꣬ȥϼ˵׵ˣϼżȻüˡ
Ҫٴ꣬ҲȥסκʱϹѵڣϷæ࿴Ĺٵꡣ

Ҷȴϲ
ʱչʶ˸ָУǸϹò˰Ҳᾪ档

ͬʱϻ誸պֵָܽ

˲ǰУֺüɫغϻҫţҼĽһҾûĽĹ

ϻЦֺͷŨŨüëǳǳСûòҪ硣
ûֺĻǰʱĸϲϲּûиоֻ˵ĸ׾ͺáָ£ǰԵˣôûϵ

ֺͷһߺߵԴѽ飬ָ㺦ġ
Цҡͷѽ㣬Ը鲻ù֡£ֵٺãҲҫô

ĸһ·˵ЦȫȻûע⵽սǴ÷
ֳǶҶã÷ϵ鴮




17.   17    ǧ4

ϼ
ϻ誸ջͱĸ׽Ϻ˹
ĸסϻ誹

׵λãλ̬ׯĸˣ쵰۵üߺᣬ˵ȥּˣ
ϻ誵ͷ˵ǡ

Щӣȱȥˡϵ
ΪΣϻ課⣬ֵּһ飬ҲˣĸײҲּҴҪãôͻȻúȥˣ

ɵӣ֪顣ֻ̾ʱȥּңֲҪּҶ֮ǰּ˵㣬Լģֳ¡¶ǰȱܱӣ˸顣
ϺһĹѣͲϲ÷ĽݣǿϵϣҲȥ̸Ż¡
÷ּŮϱ˽׵˼

˵£ϻüͷĸףֲΪҪ˵ף
꣬㶼ҪʮһˡǰΪúö飬ˣԸҲ˺Ժٲ˵ףϼҵżҪ̤ˡżĸײẦ㣬ضҲġ
ϻһҪߵʱĸͻȻʵּĹ

ɼ𣿡Ϻʡ
ϻҡͷֵܶ˵ĹòɣҾǿˡ
ǿɲһִʱ޹ھǵˣĹضÿ˵̲ס̾ϧ˰ĹûߣһԸּҽ׵ġ
˳׼ңܱȺͲĺã֪֪ףʲô´Ҷ֪

߽϶ϻ誱ӣһߣҲ÷е˸ǰ

̤ʵ˯һã˵
µõ͸÷һοţ÷кԴöȶǳԣģǴˣǰͷߡֻԼֵܵûʲôиУָô㡣
ֻֽδϥµλŮϾףǰʾաͽʮ꣬඼˽⣬ɶŮ׼ңҲС
ǰ÷ȥǰԺ֪ϼҵʮþȣ϶ʾˣֻ÷

÷ڴľǺϼҵ£ĸȥǰԺ˼Ѿԡ

ܺϼҽףô죿
ʹǴ죬÷ֽҲ

˺һ÷ſڵֻǿǶࡣ
÷ҲŮʱƳִۣѾǶ˳ȥˡ

ϼּҽãǸĺӣϷûн׵˼Ůңܲϸȥ󡣡ס÷֣÷ֱЩۣûϼҵ£ּҵļǻкжġ㻹ûмǣż

÷޲ҧȥ
ʲôвż
ףǵ˶ڿЦﻹк˼ԸҪ
ȥûбϼҸõĶɣֿɵõ¾ôûˡúޣҪãΪƫƫҪָλá

ʹٲԸ÷Ҳǰֲֻϻ
һ̾ȴҲ޿κΡ

÷˺һߡ
ֽʱɫۣšʪӵݸӣĹһˣ˵µ֪ûнСţãǴأ

ҶЩ⣬Сɣ񷼹ôأ
´˵°ɡֵϸūĹȻȴҲ»һطǻẦ²Сķ

ľۣҵϸóѣҺúõŮ
¹ֲ˷ˣ˹ȥùũ˼̫˵Ҳܺ÷ûлӵ£Ҳнյ鷳λﶼˣָ˰æ˵ź£ɵÿЩ

˵Ҿͳּ̾ҳŮҪʲôĻ£ԡ£ǱȶŮ硣
С޵йɰŮҲԸ˺

ЦҲ̫ΪѣūĹжȣǸõġûĹԲĹƷУȶＰʱ˴Ĺȥˣһ˵ס
ϸǰˣ֪ʲô⻰٣ȷʵĹﲻ

ҶջصԼԺӣͱŻһˮɫɴȹ
ǰͼֵ˵õģȥʢ¥ϯȻֻҶԼãһţҪȫöȥźá

ȲţҶױ
Ҷֻ򵥷٣ζϣߵã˽ɣ

ȻҪע⣬ɲܱȥ伱ųţѾ˵÷óȹӣҪΪҶ磬һţ˵ɴñˡ
һ֧ɫҶٱ˱ȣò̫ãֻһɲ֪Щô˵㡣Ƕģ϶֡رЩСã˵㲻ٻ㲻䡣

ҶЦЦˡ
ǳʱ÷Ѿ͹ΣҶ׼

ǰҶʹɴñҲûҶĴ磬ֻҶȹӸÿرӯ

Ҷƿһ졣
غҶ;ĽֵֵֻģĽ㵽ʢ¥̾ĸ

ҶЦЦڴذһʢ¥ĸ֣ͺϤ
Կ϶ǣʢ¥ǰʢ¥

ʻֵͣʢ¥ſڡ
Ͷ¥ż䣬Ҷ֮ǰִɴñ

в̸ּҵİԣж˿ּһλ쳤Դ߿
ôֲһλһּĹﰡü
ҲֲΣֻϵó˵ĹǸ帾ôôһһּһ
ҿͷûĹɣҲ˵ĹԲ˳ɶﲻҳģҵĹ


˺ص̸ۣȴ֪߽ϻ

ϻüǳ⣬һȺү̸СлĪǳԱû

˿ϻ誣ڨڨס죬Ҷԡ
ǻǲزס棬һֱּǱ߿ȥֱּ˶ż䣬ŲջĿ⡣

ϻ誽ͬϯּóУΪӦȥк
ͬкϻ誳ּżȥ

ͬʱżּãҶɴñʱ׷¶̾Ŀ⡣

ױƵҫôҰĽģÿɣ

ֺĴָǰҾ;Ľˣôһƣⲻ񣬾ϵŮˡ
Ҳŷͷ
ЦſӦö磬ĸס

ֵܶڿҶرĻݺݴ÷ġ
ʲôкĸף
ⲻڴĸô

÷ҶµױݣһһЦǷ飬ȫȥˡóõͷȴȲҶջָѾͷ
ĵظϵѾʹ˸ɫȻظҶò˵һ߽ܵãȵ˰ɣĺնǷۣÿԳ

ǰûദΣ÷ҶܲƷο÷ĸĹƷá

ҶЦŵǾģݺնơġҲ̫Ϥ

ѽū澸
ϵѾߣͻȻŤ½ţĲ豭ˮҶϣҲҶĻ

ȻҶע÷Ҷʹɫ
Ѿ˵ʱװŵվ㿪󲿷ֲˮͬʱֲɫذһյ˦÷ؿڡ

Ѿ߹ʱҶֻʪˣ÷ȴǰһƬ
ᣬżͻȻϻ誵˵




18.   18    ǧ5

Ҷʶϻ誣ֻ˸ּˡ
һ䣬Ҫ÷Ǹȴȿ˿ڡ

Ľ㣬ȥȹӰɡϳϻ誵Ľϻ誸ǰ󣬴Ҷȥżҡ

ʱſڵС˽ͨ˵Ϲˡ
æ÷ҲȥҰȹӻˡ

òлټϻ誣÷ȴֻܲԸȥҡ
ߺȥӭϻ誽

ϻ誾кżϾּŮ죬ö˵仰ǡ
֮ǰʶɨżΣûܿ˵еּĹ

Ҷܿ컻ȹӡ
÷ûô죬ˮʪƤҪӲɾ

㣬ǶԲסҲû뵽򷭲յҶӹɾӣ÷ɾ
÷ȴûӣѾߣ£ֻưͳԻˣҶȴǰʡ
Ҷ÷ۿˣӵ΢΢㣬ǹұֱţ

÷һӵĻҶصǸʱ̲סˣҶеӣݺݶϲȡ
Ҷ˳ˤ

񷼣㲻Ҫ̫ˣ÷ŭ

ҡʲôûѽҶֳŵذ壬޵ɪɪ
ȫ̶ˣվҶǰҶ㣬Ѿֱ߱Ŵ򷭲ˮĽ㱻˸첲Żŵ㷴Ľ㽦һѣΪϹӣĽأ

ҵĶż˶ˡ
ýң𷼸æôˣ꣬ͿڵϵҶæȥ

ظһ鷽ŵ£ٵ÷ǸǸĽӷ磬治ԸⱭƣǾȥɡѾٳײӣȴҪֱˣ
Сﰵ÷ټңһԶ˳

ã˵ҶΪѵ

÷ɫһһᣬָҶð˵ҴһѣʹѾ߳ż䡣

ֵҲҵ̸ȥǲ֪£÷Ƚϳ÷Ҳ֪÷Щݡ
ΪԸѾ߷ͰڱϣʵЩ¡
Ȼȥ˵Ҷĸ첲ˣֻСȥ÷ȥ

÷ί˺һΪ϶ο
룬ֻһСˡ

󣬿ŵı䣬÷Ͳһݺݵסĸ첲š˺ü¡
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19.   19    ǧ6

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20.   20    ǧ7

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ҶݺЩƣӰæһյ²ȱû˺󣬴ӲСūС䣬עμұӣҪ

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21.   21    ǧ8v

磬Ÿĺõѣָͣȵ÷Ժӡ

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Ůҵļʲô
ĸ˵ôЩӶûٲ̫ӡ

ϻûбظĸ󣬿ʱЦ£һȥ棬ȴĸ׺ס
˼ңȺͼкϵ
ϻֻӲͷƤȥ

ϼĸǾĴˣǸսһȺ˵Ŀ⡣
ҲһȺΧŲ֪ɶ

ϻ誺泯Ⱥȥһ۾Ϳ˱Χм䣬Ҷ

ϹкͽϺ䣬ϻ誣ٴϧʧŮ
һֱûȵӺϴкƫͷȥŷֶӳճյһ˳ŶӵĿ⿴ȥϺεؾ̾ãλɰĹ˭

תͷȥƼҶݸҼĹ񷼣Һ㡣




22.   22    ǧ9

ּҸʱ, ÿʵĶҶҶʵ޷ԡ

ϴҶÿ˴к÷һ, ȴûҵ÷
ҶԹԵģ˵Ҳģмͷһķ, Ǻһ, ҲҶƻ, ˸ûȤ
˿ϲҶ, ϳҶȹ󣬶ΪҶ, ˵ıԽԽࡣ

ϺԼ, Ҷŵ

, λϷˣҲĸһ鳤Ĺѡ꽯ϣָҶϻ誣λ㽯̵Ķ, ϻ誣ȥ״Ԫ, Ժϴ硣
ҶĿϻԹ彯ӯӯһЦ, ̺, ϴá

һϴ, ϻ誸оҪס, ΢һ㣬ǰεεĹŵ
ϿôˣŮ, ɺÿСҲϲסҶ֣㰡뵽ĸʱӡǰĸ׳ϯϯҲϲ

Ҷ˼Ц£ҲЦرÿ
ҲУˡҶϿһۣѾϵݹһľУ򿪺һԲ󣬡Ҹ㣬ĸܲţҪǹҪдҡҸļǾ
Ϻ꣬Զ˽⣬ҪһЩȽڡ

Ҷ˼£ֱϿڣЦ¡

ص̫࣬Ϊĸܿк
ǲ˼ˣʵ̫ˣȥҴȥˡ˵꣬ߵĴѾȥϴ·

˵û£ȥæɣֲͷһָõҡ
˵ţתͷȥӣ˵кˣȥȴӳճյ񷼵ķ
ϲ뵽ǰ˵ȥһλϸһݣףּλĹﲻþô

ȿȡ˿ȣӻûֻק¶ӵ䣬ʲôأô񣿡
ĸ˵ʲôϻ㶵

Ʋ죬ﶼµˡϯϲ˵öȥ
ҶϵӡȫĹоֹȻ̶̼վڵĳɾͣǲ
ҪϱЩˡϾҶʮ꣬Ǹʲôˣ
ӷų˵ģĿҶˡ

һ󣬽û뿪˸λ£ϸҶ

Ҷϼˣÿж;ޣ˿ԣҲ˵ֻǡôػش𼸾䣬һֺ˳ɵĸо

Ҷ˵ӡã˲÷ǰϼʱ÷ûôԵظ˵ҲСӣֻһЩλߵá
÷ڣҶȹ˵ĸֲ²⡣

÷ܿˡ
Ͽ÷˷٣ʶתͷȥҶķ٣ԭΪ˵ͬһַ٣û뵽ǡ÷⻻ٵΪϿЩˡ뿴Ǵ󷿵Ц÷ȴʧôãЩʧ
ϴ÷һʱȴ÷ֱϡ
ϵʱͺˡ

Ͱʾ÷ҪźϼҵĻ£÷٣ȥҽϣⲻǰ˻޸ϻô

ĸףʲôأҶע⵽Щãֻ֪
ûʲôϺҶЦ£ٸһɫ

ֻ÷
÷պͽ˵ϻԸߣͷֺĸ˵һϹȥ
ֲڽϸǰֵò죬Цŵūһ顣

û취÷۽ϣǸ˼˽̣Ҵ˵
ʱȱԽϣ÷ûЦ
òлͽ׽ĸȴҪȥ뵽ҪҶվһ飬Ӧҽ˶ֻ֪ҪҶһ֣϶ᱻָָ㡣

Ҷ÷߹ĵعȥס÷㣬ôѽҷŶʵء
÷ҶһۣȴĸڿæЦҵķЩˣͻȥ
ҿһķٻܸ˵ġҶЩʧ䡣
÷סҶ⻰ɫذִҶǳĸʰ

ϵͷ᲻ָ÷Ȼˣ͸һɡ
÷кȥҽϣĸɫ̫ÿֻҧĸףŵлʱһҪٺͽ׽

˽ϣ֪ʾϲ÷Ļ¡÷ӣҲ÷ûз¡
÷񷼸ӵĹϵЩӡ

ϴŮͣҿҶ÷վһһָģһ۶ϳҶŮҶҲ͸硣

ȿ˶ˣϲŷҶȥ档
÷⣬æȥҽϡ
ҶǱȥС档

ϣǺһ
һֱŶӿҶı飬ʵҲּҽףҶǸõģǲҶšڲ˽⣬Ȼһӡãվü仰

ýûʲô˵ĳǵǶæһ磬͵кͽ˵˵

λĹ񡣡Ц
ȷʵ񣬲˵û֮ǰҳҹҹ˯šɿôɵĺӣʮᡣ̾ǰŻܺףûˣʲôʵĶɣ˵˵ڿλˡ

϶ġɨһۣŵţ÷ˡ˵˵÷ģɽʱͬգҪһЩ
лֱ˵ûãľȫҵ棬ͷ÷ԽڵӣоͲ̫ϲ

ϳĬˣ˻ΪѵҲѰ찡
¹ֲ÷һֱ÷ŮҲû䡣
Ҳʾ˭֪ȥ
ǰϥֻһŮһЩҲ޷ڿǲĶ¡

Ĺ￴治ϸſҿƯҲϲСһ鳤Ҷ誵ˡ
ǰûˬ춨÷һͶ󣻶÷ӽЩҪһλµĶϱ
̸ּŮ£Ҳȫǿϵϡ

ǳǳЦ£Ҳϧκû¡

Ϻͽϼǰʱȴûֳʯŵ÷
ӽ˵ˡ

÷·ѡ
һһ޸ϻ誣ֺýϣ˼Ҹûߡ

񷼣
÷ԽҶҶûָС㣬ȫŮӶĽĻ¡
Ҷˣĳ谮Ŀ⡣

÷ģҪţӦõġ
ȻҶҶãҶѣֻҪûҶָĵС㡣

ѾߴҴ뿪÷ᣬٴλصȺС
̸ҶѾ⡣

ʱҶ÷ڿʱĵغ÷֡

Ľ㣬㲻ġƲֻһƷƷԱҵĹǡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
иԲӻǰܳ裬Ժܸ߰
ţҲʼ˵÷

Ҷһᣬ֪÷ŮȦĿڱܲá

һĽҶƣ
˽ȥҶŴӣ̤ɫȥ

á
ʱ÷ͻȻǰĲ·߳

Ա£ҿ˿ȻûпˣǾض÷
Ҷǵ㣬æüΣ߶öˡ

÷ǳЦţҶվһ𣬡Ҳãûע⵽áһȥɡ
Ҷͷ÷ֵ˵𣬲žǽ衣òҪ⣬ʵܸܻǲ֪ôദ˶˵ռλãͬʱңŲҺ׽
ã㲻Ұɣ

㲻Ҫô˵ҲءҶ⼸ϰʱܿ޳֪ΣҾͲӦû߶࣬㱻ˣҲܴ
㣬㲻Ұɣ

÷Ѿͷôѧ˵

ᣬô㡣÷˵ЩӲΪ˱ʾȣץסҶ֣ǰЩҲãҲӦĸΪѡȻˣǾ׵Ľã𣿡

ȻǱ׵ĽáҶس÷Цȴĵ÷θ÷˵Щı

Сʳ԰ӣǽãɺã÷һڴؿҶ
ðҲԵģϣ㲻ҪҶﴽ㣬ãһֱҪý㣬һõĽá
Ҷһ˵÷⣬÷ٴȷϣҶǸûӵɵ

Ժſڷֿ
Ȼݺ󣬴ϹŵôԴӦĳУѵȹӵ£

ҶӼԭشת֪ΪãüС׻裬ȻϾͻ֪ʵǸкڡ
֮ǰ˵μұҪңɵڣμұ綼ûҸǰ֣Ҿ϶ᡣǸĸ׳ģƷп϶ãѵŲĸ𣿡

ƿڣЩ˵ˡ
ҲϣӺãֵֹܾġ

֪Ϊ롣Ҷסӣһ£Ҹջָ͸õ͵ǣõ˵ġȻʾãҾͽţָ档Ҫʲôǻ
ӼӿеԼʱעЩ
ţһġҶ˵

ҶܿЪ£ڵ÷ȴûлݣ԰˺ӻԡ
ǹ˰Ѻӻ

ӻԸյɽϣͿڲݵϣϥǿ÷ʮֿ۵ʣãôˣ
÷ӻԵʻװܾȣ磬ôˣתͷȥѾ̺죬Ѵ纰𣿡

̺ͨ£ϷӻԿūʵǿȥȥ˱⸮˭Ƕ࣬۸㣬Ҳֻбʵ

ӻͷ÷ޣҪܵըŶ£ã˵ѽ˭۸㣿
һΣӻûȥҶѾʶųҶ

÷̧ͷؿźӻԡ
ɫӳ£˼Ůɬúӻ

ﲻԸ˵ū˵̺廰ĹΪѹһͷĶѣ͹ͬһ١ЩˣĹһ˾˵ǹ۸Ū˶Ĺ˽ѵ˹ӣĹڣǹָȥ˰

ӻüͷֱ壬һؼҶҶᱳˡ
÷ôίҲ˳Ҷȷʵ˵Ҷ÷áΪֻô˵û뵽ּҴ˶ʼ÷

ĪޣĹô໵£һҷҾȥӻظ֤õĹһ۸㡣
÷ȴ˵ɣġʵܴҪֱȥ϶С
ô죿ӻпֱͣȥլҶᱻ˵лġ

ֵ̺ùĹԼֻ˵ʱ򣬱ӾܿĹ
ӻԲ˼صͷԣǾա
÷ڰصͷͱˣҵòңҶ뻹Ҫڮ٣ô˰
ӻԺ÷ıңͻ÷ﰵģȽĹ£һҪԺף÷ּ۸

~

ҶûΪյ࣬˯١
ȥ밲ʱϲŸźϴȴ᲻֣һԡ

Щ˶ҿ㣬˺ҴĻ¡ͭǰһͷһߵ
ΪŮĻ¶ѣҶȴ֡

Ҷɬصͷĸô˵

ûˣĸŮ˵ʲôûйϵͨͭŮߵÿɰЦҲʮˣ˵ûǣɹ˼࿴˼ң̫ˡ˵˵ϲʲôĶɣҺð

ҶŴۿɼغˡ
صָʱ֪пҪסǲųףֻҪԷϲģҲԸԲһ㡣

ͷûŮĴ𰸣߹㲻øĸ׺ߣ㲻˵ΰʵķǲЩŮ˼ңֻҪǹҸС
Ҷ˶ӰǰʱǶ˵˺áָ󣬼ĸΪ鶼ǿԣҲҸˡ

Ҷףپһģʡ
Ҷ룬˼صһ㣬ǡ˶٣ܺÿһҲС
˵꣬˼ϻ

ҲǴŮʱڹŮô˵žʵ˭ҹﶼζɡ
УҾͰ¡ҶһţҶƤûٴȤ

Ҷ÷ԼûŻԺӣ˸ͤš
÷̬ͻ䣬϶ûź¡
յĲϸÿŮ׼Ķһѣ÷Ը͵͵˲ٶȴǱҶѹȥѵĸߵͣ˼еĸΪϸ顣
÷ͼ£϶˷ӶԸ

ȣûʲô԰ߣҶųĺɻӵһ䣬תͷͿԶɽı䡣
ɫżƺʲôҪ˵

ȥɣ㡣һȥЩۡ
ȷû˺󣬲Žɽұ䡣
ȴӴӼɽʱˡ

ôˣҶĵ
ĹҲ̫ˣҧȻ뻵ף
Ҷһװŵô

ӹӣƭ˱ӣ˵۸Լȥײӡʱˣô˿ͱһ飬ʱֻܼ޸ӡ
˵Ըϱӣûй˳Ҳһ㣬η˻ǸۡԸҲ޸ӣȴ뺦޸ӣǴĳ
ɱȥԼ

Ҷװס
û´÷˼ƲԸ

βȥ϶ưոݡҶۿ΢ʪһֱûֹҲûΪʲôҪң
ӷ߷ߵСǸߵġ˵еĵģ͸ǡҪλܿʮꡣˣΣû
һü˵öԣûһΣ´Σúᣬ÷ǿ

ҶԥҪأ
סˣһ𷴻һʱ벻⡣
ҶӲ˵Сѵ㺰ӦñҵɫҲԼȥôһ㵽𣿡

ӵü˼ǹҲԼ˴ӣͱʱͲ˵ͨˡͱʲôͲԼӡԣȥҴӣ

ҶŴǰԺߣֵڼҡ
ȵԺʱҶȴⳤ¿һİСˡ

ϻ誴һϲɽͼ
ֱȥҶҲҶϲʲô׵Ϣ
˺һϻ誻ǲô˵ÿһҪȵ֧֧˵

һֱҪͼϻ֮ǰúܣϸȴŻһֱſ˵ض
ϻ課ڣͲʣͲܻȥ

˻û˵ʱҶˡ
ݵʱ򣬿ϻ誣Ҷϻ誵ͷԭпͰ

ʲô£Ҷã˵ҲԾһ㣬ͻģˣ¿ֱ˵
ҶǳǳЦԼ԰ӣ׼һЩģһԣ֪п𣿡

ȻпգҪԵģϴӦ

ϻ調ҶЦҲЦҶ˵ģʹصúܻСʳ֪ûҳ

ҶסˣԼһԶϻ誺Ҷֲ죬ô˼᣿
±ӣ誰ԣãȥ
Ҷͷ˵ǣҪϻҲͲÿˣæĻ֪ϴϲʲôûмɿڵģ

ҶõĻϻҲӦͻˣæ˵ûмɿڣУʲôС

Ҷߺϻ誻ſڵķɵЦһԵеʧ䣬ܳԵҶĵģнչˡ

ž
ϻ誵ţ誣㷽ô϶ÿ

ӦûаɡϻͷЦһֱԼذĿƵϡ

˽ϻ誣֪ϻʲô誣ǲϲã
ҡҡϻ˲Ǻ˵ͷһضһǰרע飬Ҳ֪ùע⵽ʾ֭һϣ뵽̽Ϣʲôû˵Ȳµˡ

ϻ誵ı飬֪¶ˣԼþõģӦصϲãϾúãԸҲãҵļ
ҪϲӦ㸸ĸףҸĸ̸Ƕõء

ϻ誱˵ˣһؿ󣬡Ǵͼ˵Ҳ֪õ¡ͻȻף¡ܾҡ
ϲˣϻûţϾżΣҶѴӦװɡ

еǼ֣Ȼ˵öԣҪ͵ͬ⡣ȻǶ࿴Σ궼Ҫ㹴ߡԸˣֲͬ⣬ּҵĶţ
𻭣õĵʱһȥ㸮ϣҪȥˣȻذɡ

㲻𣿡ϻ誼ˣҿôĻ
ѻţҲѾҼõġ
ϻɥźаɡҪǵҵĺã˵˵
ͷһؿϻ誶Թģǰǹ׷ϻܣǷˡ֪ϻƷУϻܵ÷ġ

ϻߺҶҲõģѾһȥ磬ʣµĶװ׼ȥ÷ʱϡ

չ÷Ҷ
սӣ÷;̾òĸļϵ˶İÿƿû

ϲ͸ôҶЦеؿ÷
÷һ˵ŲҪҶʩĶǶ಻˼ĸΪ׼ģ˼Ҫҿ㶼׼ˣǳȥɣ

ðҶǵס÷ʳУһߡ

ͷڴ԰ӹǻɹý۵ƤҴȥС԰ӡ÷
С԰ƫƧ˻ȥ䡣

ҶյָʱͰָĵδֻ̽װ֪ܸ˵ؿá
÷ﴽЦ£ҶǸɵģȵС԰ŪʪҶѣúӻײʱƺҲϴ塣

÷ҪҶֻҪҶʧȥ谮ָܻյĵ⡣
˼תתǵС԰ӡ

С԰ӵļɽ辰ȷʵ£Ҵ¡
ɽǸأ÷ҶرϣҶܣĽ𣬶ĸ׾ģ㿴Ľɫ𣬾˵ĸʮꡣ

ʮǵǲˣҶǹ

÷óһʳݸҶҪҪιǣ
Ҷͷ˵ãʱ÷зһ˿Ųһ󲽡

÷ҶιʱҶˮУٴҶȥѣȴ˸ա

㣬Ǻö˵Ҷ̧ͷؿ÷
÷ͷ˵ǣȴżٲҶȥѣӻԾҪˡ

û÷֣ҶԼȹŪʪˣմ˵
ѽ㣬ҲСŪȹӣôźãҶʱȹڵʪһƬ

÷õȫѹЦŰοûϵ⸽вңҴȥŪɾ
л㣬鷳ˡҶм

÷ҶңιʱϺϲģ˾ͻɷɡ
÷Ǵ⣬ҪҶԲôط

Ҷݺ÷˵Ҷţͳȥˣʵֻ±һԼȥҺӻԡ

÷ߺţĹǿˡ
Ҷɿʪ˵ȹڣһΪ˷㻻¡
Ҷʱ÷û䣬ǰԺߣ˵һȥȹӣ㡣
мͷ

÷ܿźӻԹ
ӻԼϵĲңŽȥ

÷ͨιְ֣ϴҪȥʱȴӻ˵ûˡ
ôûأ÷ţ԰ҶӣôûˣҲȥû˺üͷ䣡ȥˣ

Ҳˣ÷ˡ

ӻȴûʲôоձҶҶԺһ㣬֪÷Ҳ뺦
÷ҲҲӻڵǳȥˡ

ܵģ⽻ģΪ꣬÷պͨͨģúӻԺ΢ɡ

ãʵô꣬ӦöҶĸоɣӻԹָòã缰Ǻͼ޸ңһáá𣿡

÷סˣûϵӻԻ˵
磬ҡȲ˵𣿡÷ȥҶȻϾҪˡ

͸һ׼׺ûǲãӻԵô꣬ԭұϣۿ˾ǰץס÷֣֪֮ǰ޸ϻ誣Ҳ֪࿴ֻҪͷһһ㣬ܰۡ

ںӻʱҶѾһȺ˽С԰ӡ
԰ⲻ˴󣬻Ϻͺηˡ
˵˵Ľʳη˺ʲôһˡ
Լ·ǡ

÷ԼҶ棬÷յǵ㲻ûˣ뿴ľǼŮܹϵáֻҪŮǺãˡ

η緹ϣСӲԸæŬŬ׽
԰ӿ¡η˽žͿʼ䣬԰ӺСһۿȥ˼ɽͳһҡ

ᣬҵš
ȻͲҸųȴҲܿˡ

ĺӻԣץ÷֣Щ˵ʲô
÷ͨ죬ںͺӻҡͷ

ʱӻͻȻס÷

תͷʱÿһĻ˲




23.   23    ǧ꣩

÷, ΪʲôҪҡͷӻû˼
÷ƺӻԣûƿ, 󡭡磬ɿҺòáŪˡ
ӻȴϣôĹ, ò׿Աڻ, ӻԼ, ÷, ҿԶ췢ģ޸Һ, һáҶ, ¿ɼ, ʹӦ޸ңòã

÷һѺӻԣȫȻϿѾˡ
ӲĲУֻ, ɿòãǴ˵, ÿܾڸء
ӻԻǲΪֻü, ȴ, һ, 𣿡

𣿡ӻ˷ܵɿ÷, ÷شֳ˽ƿӻ, ٰ÷

ҶŽɫҰףеǰ񷼻ȥ£˭˵˭˵һ֣ҪҲ꣬ضͷٷȥ

Ҷ֪϶˴ŭû뵽ӻܱ÷ֻϿ÷÷˲ɣԼ
ںˣ÷Ҫ޸޵ĺӻˡ

Ҷ԰Ӻ˰԰ӵŸϣڸ·ڣ˭ýȥ

ɫãҲ𾪣ʵû뵽÷ӻβ˵÷Щԣ÷ôͺͺӻԲ岻أ
벻ףؿƵñŵ

񷼣ŵ£͡ûεĸ׿϶á
Ҷͷ磬˵ô޸μҴ𣿡

ҡͷ˵֪ʵѾд𰸣Ҵ˿§§ǲޣּҹҪˡ
벻ͨͬʱҲ

󲻶Ҷȴ÷ǰʯͷԼĽţײȵϵĵߡ

ͬʱ԰÷ͺӻԲŹţֻϺͺηˡ
η鵹ǻԣСģ˽÷ɲ˵ûȴŭϣſּҷֶء

÷޳ˣ涵ϣĸף治ֻźôùϵԼһ棬żȻμҴ磬ǹҪ˽ᡣȫᰡ

֪÷ҶԼһ棬ҶȹӣȴҲ÷һ鵽ʱ򣬱㿴÷ӻԱס
СڸʲôĹĶǶȻҲܱƸΪּĸ÷ӻԼ棬˻֮ܶǰ˽û

֮ǰ̽ʱѾʾûܡ
ϲμңǼ⣬Ǻμ˵̫С˼޵ָô꣬μûҶҪô϶Դ˶һֻ۱һֻۣϾ˸Ը˽Ǯ
ֵʮŮԸŮμҡ

ںˣ÷ͺӻԵ£ô˿
ּ

ӻȴʱ򿪿ڣ÷ȷʵʵ⣬ҺֻżȻ֮ǰװסĽѾã˰ңһúõġ
˵꣬ӻԸϿͷ

ȴͷۻָźӻ㣬㻵ҼҹڣȢô
ϻ뻤÷ֻҪѺӻԺͺη˴򷢺ãҲ÷ڡҴӷŵ÷ȷʵƿӻԡ

ηϲԸ˼ȥסӵ֣ɺӣ˼ҿءǼҲţȢˣˡ
ҲҪӻԲֵĸףҴСϲãͻãԸΪøòңѲҪȥ˵ּڶҪˣ

㣡ƿڡ
ֱߣӻҪв

÷޸ӻԣӣˣͱȥּﶼҪ޺˼ҡ
ӻԴȢ÷ֻҪȢ÷Ҳ±ᡣ

÷ĸײ˵֪ĸڵּҵ
Ȳ뵱ӣҲԸ޸ӻԣɺӻȴ˼֡
÷תžش˺ӻһƣƲϵ磬ΪҪ㺦ңҵʱҾҡͷˡҲ˵ˣ֮ǰʲôûУȴԴҪЮּңҪּҵĹˮô
ԼһĸӣּŮ÷ĸ׿϶

ӻԱһƴɵˡ
̺ԭΪ÷Ҳ˼Ż¾Ҫɣ÷ȴ˵˼
ã㡭첻˵İ

еز׽족ۣ׷ʵôˣ
÷ϽҡͷϵʲôûСĸ׿ù֤һȥġûм硣

ӻɵˣʵʵؼ÷ȴ˵ûС
оı˺ɼ꣬÷ãô޸𣿡

÷ͷῴźӻԣ磬Բһֱ㵱׸翴֪ΪҺãҶû뷨ŵ˰ɣ֮Ҳûʲô𣿡

÷һһȭݺݵشںӻԵĿڡ
η˿ȥˣ֮ǰȢ÷ּܺٴϹϵڿ÷öӣӻԣߣȢͲȢºùȥֲֻ÷һ

ӻʧǵرηקߡ
ϳ÷

÷ŵϸǰĸףŮûһ˿һԽصΪŮҲǱԩģû֪֮ҵĴΣһֱСôΪѡ
أңҼȥμңⱲӾͻˡ
ԽĺӣʲôԸ֪İ

Ͽ÷޵ģۿҲʪˡ
ԼĺӣȻ᲻ñͿϲμңȻղҲ˵

÷ϸжˣæſ޵ĸףҿԶ췢ģμҴûκιϵǹȥϣҪ

ȷʵϲӣҶ췢ûҪĹ𣿡
ͻȻ˽÷Ļ
ݺֱӹ£ߵӣ治࣬лۣЩģūҪһԣ׺䣬ú

䣬˵ʲô÷Ҫ˹ȥס죬ȴϽץס󣬡ĸĸףʲô

ֱ𿴱̺죬źη˳ȥֻܷԸ˸ţһע⣬ñܽӡ
ˡҲĻ첲ϴĿĵ˿ڣ֪ô죬ԥӡ

ϵһֱͣڱĸ첲ϣϸȴӲŰˣҲô
£첲ϵϣµеͷƤ顣
֣Źϡ䣬˵

ϿͷǰԺӺҲƢʱ򲻻ôݡ
Դ˵ĹҪһʹץסū澴򡣡

С÷ʮ꣬ٺõͣҲбһ졣رǺĹԱȺ󣬱䲻Ըٿ÷Ϊ¶ɾ

Ĺĳ֣ŻẦϼҵĻ£ԴĹ
֮ǰʢ¥ָʹū澣Ĺ󣬲͵ʴףԼˡ
ǰĹѻˣҲġһ㣬˿ȥ֤
ڽ£Ҳ͵˺Ϸ˵Ĺߣ÷ĹͱӲ岻÷˶Ĺʧһ㣬˰ιֺҲ֤֣

һ¶˵ˣȥ÷ԽԽҰ׵
ٴθϿͷĹõˣū澿ȥ뺦ĹĹﻻ·ʱĹһ㡣ڱӣҲȥ˽ẰģȷʵϱӣĹ޸ӡ

һʼЩ£棬ԽԽףҲ֮ǰһЩɵϡ
䣬ֿס˵÷Ѿ״󲿷֡

֣ȥι֣ﶼϵò䣬βڲ

Ҫ÷ƴҡͷĸű䣬ǹ⺦ҵġ
ˣ϶ҶԱã԰֪

˦÷֣ҲԸű˵ģ÷ȴ˵Ҷ䣬Ҷôɣô¡
Ȼô˵֣˳̺켸ȥʸϸҵҪ˭˵ѣ

÷ķѾûãȥˡ

һߣҶûлӣǸȥ鷿
ö룬鷿д֡

Ҷʵûʲô˼ѧд֣ҴֱУѧдĬĬΪδɩеһ˿ǡ
ҶѧдԼʱС˵

ҶԭΪ÷Լˣ֪Ǳ÷һ

ιֺ̺ˣͱĿڹϡ
ȷϽץסԼĸ첲Թޣ⡭ӿͷ÷ã¡

ĸףҴˣĴˡ÷ͷֻһʱͿĺܰãŻ𲻸е˼ĺˡ

ϵֳסͷ
ڿޡ

Ϊʲôһ˼˴Ů
Ϻܺڣʼʱ򣬾͸÷ߣǰ÷ڸ

֪˶ãϲᣬһĿͣ÷ϣɤӣ÷ĸŮʮ꣬ڸѡһǳƲȥׯסһּ꣬޳Ȼ޸ӻԣ֮󲻹ǺǻּûϵҪּݣȥְɡ

У
ĸѡ÷ܽܡ
Ӧü޸һλ߹ٵӣھ֮Ǽ޸ӻһȥӣ

Ͽ÷ǿüǾ뿪ǣ㰮ȥȥġ
һŮԼ뿪ǣûл·
ϵ׻Ǹ÷˻·Ͼʮĸ顣

÷̬ȼߵſڵʱ򣬲¾ĺѡμң

ͣ£ʧؿ÷ӽĸŮ־ʹ˽ᡣȥׯӰɣΪ֮

Ӳ뿪ȥ˺ηĸӣӻֻ÷ת⣬Ǹˡη˾Щ⣬ȴúӻԵĿƾвηֻҧӦ

ûʱ˵£úðûع
Ӧնݳü
ĹҺݲġſûУ޵ʣүԷģºӻȣΪ˺ӻԵĿƾ٣ηⱲӶ˵

һ磬÷ͱ͵ׯȥ
ָȻ֣˺ݻ˭̸¡

Ҷֻ֪÷ߺճȥ밲
ٴβҶչˡ

ʮźϿҶСˣ̲סҶ
ҿŮҲãû¡ϽҶʮչˣůġ

ҶҲסϣϵıĸ޾Ϳ޳ǰĸôԡ
ҡһֱңܻصߡȻҲ֪÷ôˣңԶ뿪

Ͽ޵øˣԼΪһĸ̫ʧְѹôãҲӦô
Ҷ˵öԣҶŮ

ɾᣬֶ࣬ôգҪٲָô²⡣
÷ѾĴ޳֣ҲƲȥׯ˶ڡ÷źģҲԶԶˡ

Ҷչ£ָ
ˣҶϯһЩᡣ
Ҷ꼰ǣû÷Ů־ҪҶҸõķ

Ҷȷʵϲüã֣޵Ųֵۣ塣
ԽҶʫǣҶѧܼҼˡ
һʱ䣬϶Ҷߣһֱϵʱ

ΪõѣǰһվŸ
ͺͶ̸ȷ϶ӵ⣬˵Ҫһʱ۲졣
µʱ䣬϶Ҷ⣬ҵɵӣڻҶû˵仰

һϣϾöӴҶȥ԰ӡ

ϻ誻ͷһغҶദŵðȴȥҶһظҶ԰ӣϼҵԺھ˵ϵһҲǵڶѵһΣҴúùһ¡

Ҷͦϲϼҵ԰ӣּ󣬾Ҳ
ԭΪֻǼ򵥹䣬ûط˼ϻˣһЩͬ
ʵϻ誳úܺãüĿƤҲ
ҶûϻʲôΪ֮ǰ֪Ϸ˺ּҽ׵뷨

ϻϲؽ԰ӣ˿ûעҶڿ
ɽ׼תʱŷҶڿһСģŤ˽ˤȥ

Ҷֿ죬סϻ誡
ϻվֱȷԼҶס˱Ѫ

ϴ磬û°ɣ
ҶϻСӵѪҲ̫ˣСֶѣôѪˡ
ȴ֪ϻͷһغ͹֡

ϻ誷ԼѪεԭؽס
ˣˡ
أò˰ɣ

⿴ԼҹӴסæ˴һԴ

ϻ誺Լʱ򣬽˵ϻ誵Ļ¡
ҲǳôЩӣһֱûܶ̾꣬Цſϣӣô񷼲μӲᣬ˼ң

ûأͲ࿴ʵмĿֻ꣬ûһƲٿ

ŮǰծתתͻȻã㿴ҼһΣ
ȻǸõģԺᣬպǰ;ϻûϵĻ֮
˵û񷼣ôϻûҶ˼ңòٵˣȻҶ̶ֳȣٵȥҶҪˡ

Ϻ⣬㣬ôͻȻ뵽ˣ
˵ʵ誵һμ񷼾ϲˡЦ˵ֲˡСӣӹ𷼼󣬾ȥס

û뵽ϻϲŮ뵽Žϻ誴Ůȥ԰ӣĸͶŮ
˵ϻ誺ܺãԸŮҲ㡣ϲûΪӦҪܳɣȻͦˡŮĻ£һ˵˲㡣ҪԼҲԸ⣬ҼλҲ˵ͬŵĶӡ

ҶסһŮټԶ˶ּ֪λ˶ǿ϶ҲҪġ
Ǿ仰ܳɣǾ͵׼ҡܳɣҲû£ϰѻ˵Բôﶼ

һᣬҶ󣬴Ҷһȥ
ŮһֱЦϺǲǺͻ誹԰ʱʲôȤˣ

ʵҲЦҶǾϻͦɰģ̫ϴ羹ȻѪˣʱΣҿеɰ
Ѫǹˣû뵽ϻôŲסҲЦˡ

ЦϿͤͤŮʣ񷼣ûô
ĸָʲôҶʡ
ǰѻ˵㵱๫ϲ𣿡һʡ

Ҷ˲΢΢ͷСǲϤ
ڲûϵͺˡ§Ů˵Ҫ˵誣и׼ϼǿˡǲżһúõرȽϣϲġ

ʱ䣬ȫȫҶϣΪҶиùޡ
Ҷͷ뵽Ӽ๫ӣܶʵǿòϻҲǣϻ誾˾ӵһ

ظҶһֱϻˣΪΪ˶ҳرÿȷʵѡ
˵ϲҶоӴ̫٣оࡣ

սҶյϸʱͱԺ
ϻһϣһ͸ҶһӵС

ҡĸѾĸˡϻǺЩС⣬ҴӵһμġҲ֪ϲʲôҵĻҲϺ˵ֻðҿȤĶ¡ֻһ֣㡭ȴȥ档
˵ϻһ̧ͷҶ۾Ȼúܿܿ죬ϻ誾ΪӣҪһ㡣

ҶľߣÿһС磬ǿɰ
˵ʵһ˲䣬б򶯡

ϸʱϿЩС⣬̲ס̾誶㣬ˡ
Ҷһݣ򴽵ȷʵܺá

һŮô˵֪ŮҲˡ
صָϱͷ˵˺ϼҵ¡

ϻʥŨϼ֪֪סϻֻ㣬һãûֵܣ񷼼޹ȥ鷳뽯Ϲϵֺã϶Ϊ񷼡
˽ۣ⵹һźû£ϼ⣬񷼼Ǻ󣬾ϼװɡ

ϲ⣬ΪҪȼǺףȶ𣿡
Ǹôòź˵ڹ۲񷼡С׷񷼣ϻ誶׷һᣬּҲмӵġúߺߵ
ЦˣҲУԽѵõģŻԽϧ񷼣ϻٶһʱ䡣

֮ļϻ誳ţҲԼҶĸŮš
һȥˣҲܿͷ
йŮĽҶȻܵõϼжӵȴϧҶܼ޸ԼҶӡ

˴Ҷʱˣóеı죬Ѽøغá
Ҷļڶ죬ϼ˾ˡ

˵˵Ļ£ֻһ
᲻Ůѻڶھ½ʱڡ

һϻּܵøڿˡ
󼸸һϻ誣Ҳˡ
ÿϻ誹ǴԵģǴģʲô²ϡ֬Ҷ

ÿϻ誹رĽҶ
ϻߺҶָ֬һ롣
õ֬ǸˣĽ㣬ãķϼҽһãҾ֪ˡ

İɣ˵ˣضõġҶȤ
ѽ˵һء

úúã˵㡣ҶЦ
֬պãͻȻҶϣʱȥôãҲ֪÷£Ľ㣬˵ǰʱ䣬޵μȥˣ֪𣿡

Ҷͷ˵֪С޹ȥʱĸ׻ǸױϣģúùӰɡ
õŶСܵߣϺܻ𷼽˵ǰȥһΡ˵˼ǣˣׯӹȥμҲкɫҪȥμҡ
ɺη˱Ͳϲ㣬и绤ȴϲ硣ռ޹ȥ£ͺ͵ؿصĶüȥ緢ֺ󣬰ץȥ˵μҾ͵֮ٸȢҡ

˵ñȽϼ򵥣Ϊ𷼲ú˵̫ࡣ
ʵϣ÷ֺӳǽ󣬱ӻԴһ߹ǡ

÷޸ӻԣ˵ӻԶͦãںμҵСԺȴúܿơ
걾Ͳ義ǷμֲǵȨƵ˼ңͥȻȲּң˵ϼҡ

÷ֻ־˵Ҷϻ誶ףױˡ
ģǳزġ
ƾʲôҶܹôãȴҪСطίһӡҺη˶̣ͷأûּҵİȢž׸

÷˵麭ʱ麭е˼ˡ
ֽס𣬻Ǳӻ֪

÷Դ˸麭ȣ麭ȴ˵ʶ
μ˶뿴ûһԸá

ڲϣ۵һһ˯ŵʱ
޵޲ȫԹޡ

÷ʼҶ
ָǧϻ誶׵ľ
Ҷĵϻ誡

÷ڲϡ
ϵ֪÷ʱ׻Ĳ̣ȥμңȰ÷룬ּլӸϡ
ֵμҵʱ÷Ѿûܵȵ֡

ӻ÷ơ
һҹƹʱһȺСǮơӻҪȥ׷ȴӺӵ̹£ˤˣһֻڴϣ°ܶķˡ

Ҷ֪÷ʱѾü¡
ʵǸˣ÷ܿΪĺã÷Ҳ֡
÷ôҶûϵ

Ŵһܷ£ҶӼǺʼ׼£ðױ
ȵʱ۾ˡ

ҶͷͭŮ̲סٴᣬϼҵˣĸ׻Ķ㡣ϼңТ˳֮⣬ҲҪʩϻ۸㣬ܻļ綼
ָ˶ϲҶǸǰҶ赽ȥ

ҶжᣬæͣסϵױҪǿ޻ˣܻ調ʱͳСèˡ
Ҷסϣĸף᲻

Ҳ᲻㡣ϱҶôһˡ
Ƕ˽ߣϸæᣬȥǰӭ͡

ϺͷҶϲǣųȥ
֪˶ã߲Żһˡ

ҶͻȻЩţֻܿϵһطֻСǰߡ
ʱһֱַס

ˣ㰲Ϊ㡣ϻֻ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ

ϻʱҶȵġ
ȵϸ»εãϻҲȵطס

붴ϻ誻ҪȥӦ꣬ͷϻܽҡ
͵͵Ҷ˼ģ˶ȵӣΪһ

ϻһһΪҶĶһֱȵġ
֮ǰֻϻ⣬뻹ô˵ʱ

ȴʱЩϻ誸Ҷ׼˳ԵģԸ˲ţҲࡣ

֪˶ãҶ⴫ϻ誵˵
һ󣬱ܵǰվһˡ

ˣΪҪҸͷϻ誾һ׷ãܳԵǵС˵С˷ܵ

Ҷ֣߬ŵصϻ誽Ҹͷ
ȸͷҿҶʶ۾ٴʱͿϻɵɵسЦ

ϻԸۣΡ
Ҷϻ誶Цˣպ˵ģ֪Ǻ˾ƵԵʣĵ㻹ûˣ
ûءϻ調ƲסǵЦ⣬ȵգǰҵƣһǺܺõġ

ҶͷŶһϻ誺˽ƣҪϴжױ
ˣΪɣϻ誾ӣԾԾԡ
𣿡ҶЩԥ
Ҳᣬѧϻ誼ֵǺÿֻҪǷ˵£ȥ

û취Ҷֻϻԡ
ϻû£һȥʱ䡣

ԼҶ
£ȥϵ֬豹󣬷Ӷˡ

ϻ調ĶҶˣÿ
⻰˵öҶﴽЦ𣬾ͱϻסһ£󱻴ᱧ

ҴɫΣһȤµ

Ҷһõ۰Ŵ׺񣬷籦ȫŮӶĽĶ
ڣϻ誹˺֣ͨһѻ




24.   24    1

ǰһЭ顣

Ҷһ, ˣװģٿ, Ҳ
˽кɷ

ֻǺ廳¹, ʵ

С˵, ԭ
¹·, ֻܳ԰¹ϲԵʳ, Ҫ
ΪֺúԭһһӦ

ȴ, ֻа¹, ԭ, ҲΪӦﳤĴ߻顣
Щԭԭ΢.û˸ó¹Ӱԭһѧϰ¹ľֹ, ԭֳһ˿ãͻԭҲ

¹, ȲҪ顣
ԭͬ⣬ԭò, ҲҪռ, мںһǧַѡ

˿ʼ, ֱ֪¹Ѿ, һƺ˯ԭ
ԭΪİжжأڻģȴ֪جεĿʼ

˵һͬ, ʼûûҹĥԭ
ԭк󣬺ԭ.̥ԭΪ˸кӣǧشܡ

ֱʮԭٴκͺطꡣ
ʱĺѾͰ¹һ𣬵ǵĺȴ˰Ѫٴҵԭ˵ϣܵõԭ½⣬ǵĶӸ¹Ӿ׹衣

ԭΪѣȻʮȥǺܰ
ںʹṥƺٴγںİУͬöӾ׹衣
ɵȾ裬ˣĸӡ
ԭŶҪ˵ȴʧ¥ˤֲˡ

ٴö̱ԭض
ǰ¹ҵԸǮβϣҪ׷Ρ

ڰ¹ĲиŬ£ԭ˺Ͱ¹ף
ĶӣȴҲû

Ҷԭʱ˺ԭⱾҲ̫ˣ
˰¹ջҪʱ
еı磬ûȡ

㻹ʲô𣿡Ҷͷ˵ͷ
֪ҶǳҶ飬ԸҶڵҶ˵һɽֻϰѡ

Ը飬߷ɳҲҪ롣ǩ˻ǰЭ飬˾һǧò
Ҷ˶ΪҶҪֹ̧Ҷ˵˵ʲôܰҵĻ˵ˣһֱ㡣ã˲Ҫôɲе𣿡

ҶᣬҪ˺졣

ҶЭ飬ϸؿ
Эϣ˷ַһǧ򣬺ᲹһĵĹԢ
ЩǮͦ࣬ɺͺڼҲĺܿˡ

òִ籾ҶҲһƽĹ
Э飬Ҷһᣬ󣬳һǧ򣬲𣿡
ôǮ˾Ͷһ㣡

ЦһȻû´Ҷ̫ˣһǧ򶼲Ϊ

Ҷ¶ı飬ƵشӰóֻҳɵĺ롣
ıɣǺõİ¹⡣

ҶֻѰɵ¶Ϊ˱㣬һǧҰɡ£֪𣿡

ɵȻ֪
ð֪ˣ°
ֻϢشλȥ꣬ӲҶϯߵľۻᣬֻм˲֪ҶĴڡ

ãʲô

Ҷˣ֪ץİѱֻһЩ㲻ҪôһẦµġ
̾һ᲻ؿźΪô£ѵֵֻһǧ𣿡
ȻҲ̰ĲƲ˵ˣǩ˻ǰЭ顣ǰĲƲûϵ꣬ںϼ˶Ǯɣ
һǧңĺġ

ûҶ˵ô໰
ǰҶǵü˳ۣӲҷĻô
ϼѸͣǶ԰ָôѪ
ѲҶΪ飬̼̫ˣ

֪ϲ㡣Ҷϰǰ˵㣬ֻ֪ҵôأ

ž̻Ҹףڵذҳһ׺ۣ𣬡ãв𣿡

ˣûҪв˼Ҷҡͷֻǡֻǲ뿴ٴαġǵ£Ҳͱ˵Ҳӱĵط֪
ֻ᲻ÿѹ

ٷϻҲ뿴
ǰҶϲԻĳ̶ֳȵУҶϲʲô߲ϲʲôֻҪҶӡ
ٿҶڵûסįҶɵȻҲڵ鷳

ãǧҸǧҲ˵ʲôġǮ͸Ϣع֪ɸǰǷǣұضŹ㣡
ǩǧ֧Ʊ绰ù˾ʦһЭ顣

Ҷַһ·屶֪Ժ԰ɵĳԳ̶ȣ֣˺¡
ǧҲˣĵһ׹Ԣŵں֡

Ҷװסû˵κλ
ֱˤ뿪ųһ

磬ȲشҶȥ顣

³֮ǰҶһ裬ͼҪô𣿡
ζ飬תקȥ
أúݵİҶ³ʵûһᡣ

úܿ죬ֳҶظı飬̲ס˸ۡ
ںƫͷʱæϱ˵ı顣
룬ȥôôٲ⹷Ϸ

ͻȻЩ̣Ǯǵôһ㣬ǱƭǮҪһٰ㡣

ҶίŶһȺߺһ
û˹ˣֻá

صͺסĴҶȲʰ
ܼǺռˣӺ󣬾͹չǡܼҶҶӡܺãСƢãҲҶʰʱܼҹȰҪʧˣĲغȥºշˣ㣿

ĸףҶ룬ͺ꣬ûйҲûиռһŮշ˱ãޡ
ȥҺշˣֻú飬ǧ򶼲
л壬ҺѾ飬زҶƽұţֻҪ㲻ҾͿһֱعҲûصԼλϣΪѡ

ᣬΪ룬̫ˡܼҸжˣԺҲҪúõġ

Ҷϵֻ̾̾װ˵·һˣص᲻
ʰȥܼҰæ

ԭĶ࣬Ǻ̫̫Ϊ˻غռӦշ˵ȣǰ˲ٹ·
Ҷֻʰ˹·ճģһûдΪЩǺݰɵġ
ΰЩȻһܷŹ

һֱʰ㣬ҶŰжʰꡣ
ԭ죬齨˼ͥԭܲʣҶֱӰᵽĹԢȥס

Ȼ˰ҹ˾ȰѶ¥ǰͻСʱ

ԢǸʽ׷ƽ
Ҷϣϴ˸裬ȥ˯ˣ·Щʰ

ĺھưİɡ
һȹ浾һȺм䣬ŵЩ롣

˼Ÿ߹ȥ

ӴǺˣҿ˿
ģǰɵĴѧͬѧΪףѧعЩͶȺСʶ
ΪӰɴһ𣬺һֱΧŰת

ɱϣµʱ򣬶ܸܵԼ
ɣþòͰЦŴк
þòѽѧкͬʱó˺ڴ̣ü㲻ɤӲôộ

û뵽㻹ǵɤӲá۾ˣǰʱѹԷһϡҾͲóˡ
ƺûĻ֮Цʣˣ֮кұϵ𣿵ʱһء
ǰɹģıݺһ£ûûϵˣҺֲ졣
ǿϧˡڵһһϲ㣬ҿôϲ㣬Ҿ˳ˣǻû޳ܾұʱ϶Ļˡ

ϲȴΪҶˣɫ߬Ʊ
лһ𣬶Ҷ

ɸսѧʱѧУһϮ棬ʳûþͱУѡΪ崿У
ںһŰֽʲôʱ򣬶Ϊ롣

׷ɣһֱΪʲôӦˣԭΪҶ
ʧж˺͹еϵһˣȴûκϢ
ãٴط꣬ҲҶǸ鷳

ƹѲɲʤúͰɻؼҡ
ںţһֱ̫ѨϢٴҲ˳ƿںļϡ

ԲңܺȻӲҪȡֱܵüȴҪǿֱ
סɵļͿ˯ȵҺһ㡣ɣ֮䣬ô

ûٶˣĿź˯
պ˵ģƲĿ⡣

һ·ʱúÿ죬û͵˰סĹԢ
Ѱ¥󣬺°ܣѰɷڴϺصˮ

ɣȺһ˯ŵİɡ
ţҲܺƿ֡
ɹԣⲻǾƣȵˮһ㡣

𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻһָľ룬룬תֿˣú񰡡㲻֪ĺϲҲͤͤġ

ġ顱
ڶ

Ⱥ룬ͻȻס
õʱ̣ҲƲסԼɡ

һ󣬺Сرסɣ³
û뵽ӵɡ

ģһҪȫõС

ں˯󣬰ŵֻӴ
ĸֵûͦѿòعѰʺϵĽ
ңǿϵģκڹŪֻܻع˶Һ
ûϲᵽãΪ֪ˡǲһͷ̫ܲ顣ɲٴαС

󣬰ɽֻ¼ļ罻

ཡ
ֻϢͻͻðȴܵ

ڼϢУҵҺͺģǻظ
Ŷð
ѽžͺζ˭ҪܵܵķˣһҸ
˵ֳ̫̫ܵˣһڼҴӣࡣң϶᲻÷ϹӣԳ


һЩϢƽӴĹӣǵĶ̬ۣ
ֹžˡ
أ˧
ҪôͺˣĽ


Сʱ򣬰ɲŴŹǷط䣬ŵϴ˯ĺߡ

~

Ҷʱʰ귿ӣٻ칺ԭЩؾ·Ҷ³˸õ·
糤Ҳܺÿ鶯Ǻúô磬ҲУֻǺ۾ˣ

ԭѧ֣Խרҵɼãûҵʱо͹˾Ҫǩ
ԭǸԣһһںϣܾеԼĸԸ

Ҷздʲôȱ
ڣֻҵԼϲ

ֻ徲ӣȴûаɾ
ÿĩҪȥռլ˵̽ʵǺշ˳Աû¸ɣ뿴ʹ졣

Ҷûլշ˵绰
Ҷڣ绰Ǳ߾Ϳʼ䣬ãǲŷܼ޸Ǽ˱ĸ֡
Ҹ㣬㲻һСʱڳ֣ûùӳԣ
˵꣬շ˾͹˵绰

Ҷֻ˳̫ˣô¶ûͼ˵
Ѻշ˵ĺˣ鶼ˣûҪټ档

ռңշһСʱҪôҶɵһСʱҶûˡ
շ˵ôˣ绰ߣȢĵʲôţңҸˡ

ںͰԼᣬӵ绰⣬û뵽Ҷô
ߵû˵ĵطȷϰ˵ʵ裬ҺѾˣԺ㲻Ҫ

ʲôˣ
ô㶼ͼ˵շһûȻϣ飬նΪܽܣϻؼң

ΣֻͣͰɵԼᣬؼҺͰ̯ƣǲҪõ¡
ΪѾ顣

ɱԼᣬû
ѿе֪ܺż½𣬽ȥһҾưɣȥ

½İְǹ˾ܲãʲǺʮֹ
½˧¡˽ܻ͡ӭиֽҶ˵츳үͷԡ

ɵ½ѣǽ½һ棬Ǹ԰е˼Լһ顣
ɻɴ򷢺ں뿪øᡣ

ɻȥĴһһֱ崿·ߣҲǡ
Լľŵ㣬ٵʮӣΪľ

ڰɽưɺûãҶӾưɺŽȥ
Լ˸ҾưפΪĲǮǸԼҵӡ




25.   25    2

ưϰҶѧѧ, ҶԵʱ򣬺ζϾͬˡ
һ·Ϊ, ǸƯϢҺ󣬴ҶҶܿ

ӹĵа, ͭɫƤ, , Ҷҽ˵ǸѧԺѧ

ѧԺ𣿡Ҷʡ
԰, ѵѧҲǣҶᣬΪҶС
Ҳѧ, ѧŶҶﴽЦ, Ѿҵ, ѧܡ

Ҳû١ҶһӡܺãСƤװ׵ģҲ˵Ůפ, ԭΪǿŮû뵽ǸС, ֻҴ꣬ǻǲǵһ, ̨ʱ, ڲýš
ֻСꣿҶš
, Լͷ

Ҷȴ˵, Ѷź֮ߵſʱͣ¿񣬡Сѧ, ҿɲǵһŶ

Ҷߺ˺ôЦǶѧԺѧұ˴˺Ϥ
һƯرÿ֣ҶеĶһڨ󷴶˺Сѧܡ
ŬŬ죬ߺߵǲҪЦңСںҲѣϤˣǲҪʣ

䣬ϰζ̨

Ҷ˾һɫȹġ
̨±߾˾

ȰҶغͰǶӣʲôĵطλѧܲҪҹ
ᣬǲŲôˡϽӻ
ҶݸһЦǰ
С࣬ٴβءͨͨ

ҶվͲϣ̨ĵƹ۽ϣʱưɿ˵ĿҲ
һϮȹƮȻһڣͰ˴ҥ¡

һ׶

Ҷͷ񼸸˸ģųһ

¥ĿϣԼ۾ԼˣʵϲûС
̨ϵҶƤͬʱִһ˿˿ζ˴󲿷˵Ŀ⡣

ڰӡУҶΪ˵õϲһֱģĴ磬ѧ˵ڵӡ
˵Ҷͺ󣬺ҶѣΪʲôҶ

ɰ˼⣬Ŀ̫ңϵǲʶ̨ϵĹ
ҡҡͷЩ죬ұãұþԲ̨衣
˵ʱ⿴½ֻûпҶ½ĺøֶһ㡣

Ʊߵ½ʱҪ£ȴ½̧ͷʱü
С磬ҿ𣿡ü䣬ϥѾ𣬴ʱ¡

С½ޱؾܾ
ϲֹ崿ŮȴҪ׽
УС磬㿴žͱҴ󡣡½Ʊ̧ͷʱÿ¥̨ϵŮɫɤû򿪣Ӧúܾûˣʶ뵽

εվǣҲǣѹŲ̫ˡ
㲻Ҫȥ½ϲŮڨŲ˵ʱһֻطڰɵļϣûܾ§ýһ㡣

ɾÿǸղŵĴڨʽ̫ԣ½֮ӣ໨㹦Ҳ
Ųͷչʱɵͷض㿪̾פûᳪ谡
Ų̨һۣͷȷʵӦרҵġ˵ɳҲܺмͥʽktvҪҪȥԣ

ô˼ɵĿ½𣬲ŲᲢŲֵ̫׽Ҫȥϴּ䣬Ų߿

ʱҶų׸֮󣬱˽ݳ
̨ϳ裬һܵ顣
ϲãԭһ鴫ݸġ

Ϣʰ˶׼Ӻ뿪ʱͻȻ˺

á
̽غһ䡣
մϴּͿҶ̨ʹ˹
Ҷת֪Լûϴ㰡ôûû뵽˰

ҶҲϳɣǺİ¹⣬崿ˣʵȴǸŮ
ǵغãҶҲĵصѽô㰡㡣Ҳ˺ܶడǰӲưɵģ㲻ңҶ㣬ڹ࣬˺ܶ

ɣǫ̂ʣ

ɲ˵ҶôԸ䣬Ҷ˵ˡ
һʱ䣬Ȼ벻Ļ

Ҷʲôʱģ֪𣿡
ɵͷҶʧ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôֱҶȿڡ
˶֪ô˵ҶѹǰǺܺõô

ٴ˵
֪æ϶ǺİɣȥѰɣȻǿҪȼˡҶƽ
˵꣬ͻתسϢҡ

ϢҳҶ°׷Щ졣

ѧ㣡ܵĲ׷Ҷôô죿
Ҷǰôˡ
񲻺˼ͷҲûʲôһפԺ϶ҪԸҹô

˼ʱ䲻ˣҪȥˡҲкˣйùҶҾưɡ

ʧءһϷǼӸ΢.ôԺлԱģҴСڽǳкóԵģҶ֪

Ҷ飬Űֱò˼ͻȻʣСѧܣǲϲң
ǡô𣿡񲻺˼Ц£¶׵ݣ󷽳ϵ׷㣬һۼ㣬Ҿ;Ưѧ㣬ɲԸһᣬһָ㿴ġ

Ҷ촽΢򣬡˼СѧܣҲʺ㡣ңҲϲСܵŶ

ҡСܵˣˣ֤186鸹˶˵ó죬ô˵Сܵܣ

Ҷİĸ첲һж֤ᣬۡ
ллϲĶˣټҶתǰߡ

񿴵ĶڱЦѹͬʱֺۣСˣﶼС

·߱½ֻǳ֧̣˵ĸס
ϲСܵܣ


~

ɻصʱûп½𣬵֪½뿪ˣҲûȥ
ͬеŮҪҶ̨Ƶɾ¼ȻͼתƵ

磬ѸղŸҷһƵǲðҿź죬ܹԵѽ

մӺռҳһ٣ԭ򲢲ǺҶ顣ԼͶ⣬ȴͼҶǧַѡ
ռҰҶ꣬ûҵϰﵽûиӣõ߰ķַѡǾøʮ̫࣬úȥҶǮҪ
ٺҶǣ̫࣬۶ǰɣֻȰ˵ˡ

ڳϣɷϢ˵ȥʱͿɷϢ
㿪Ƶ󣬺ز飬ȷƵﳪŮҶ
붼û룬ϴ绰Ҷɺȴڡ
ٿ΢ţҲҶˡ

ʱŭ˾ֻҶ绰սͨʹʣãǲӻȻȥưҸǮ࣬㱾Ա¶ˣ
УΪʲôҵĵ绰΢ţ仰ЩԹĸоҶ£ŷӦ绰Ǻ

ҶѾϴ裬ϯ˼ϡ
һص㣬Ϊ¿ͱйصϢʵܲ˴̼˵ҲŲң

ҡôܷŲ㣡Ҷ˵Ҳûƽȥô£

Ѿ˰˾ͲҪ£˼ȥġ
Ҷ˸ֲֻۣȥưפ¡

ٴҭס
ǰѾˡ
˵ͲҪپԷôҶ绰Ҷƭ

ʶԼЩԾյʱҶٴǲǷŲ¡
ˣѾһôܷŲ㣡
׵ãȰ԰һ㣬ҪȥʲôưɣȻǲȥģ

ݺݵع˵绰ֻžš

ǰ˾Ķ͵ز¡
ﶪֻ
ǿֻ

·ͻȻ˾һ
ȫȻ˻ذϢ˾ȥҶ

Ҷ˵绰󣬲º϶Ų߲ܺˣ˾С
ֻػ֣׼˯ʱͻȻˡ
͸ĻǺˣҶͷü

顱ţȴһֱûȵҶš
ٴθҶ绰뵽Լĺ뱻ˡ
û취ֻܼš

ʮӣҶŴŹǷţʱôˣأһ𣿡

ᵽɣɫͱˡ
ҪݣȴҶס

ãҪĲͷ

ҶίҹңĲݰ⼸ҲˣӦףͱҸӦһ˺
ݣ֪Ͳˡ

ԽҶǸɵģɲһ룬㲻˵Ҳ˵ô֪
Ե𣿡Ҷʡ

ͻȻҭס
԰ʲô
ΪһƵͼָҶ
ǺҶôҶʹ˶Ҳûϵ
ţûϵ

Ҷ֮⣬Ƿǳˬ

ãסĻ̺ݻԺ޵ʱ򣬵ʱҪңǲģ
УҪ԰Ҳס㣬ԺҪռҵ
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ

Ҷúӻˡ
ſ˦˺ʱĿɲ

˯ʱ䣬Ҷȥˢˢֻϵġ½дաȥ󣬷ǸС˧硣
ܵܲͦÿġ
ϣҶ½΢.һ飬½ĸҲ˳ֵ˸ע

ڶҶʱ΢.ըˣǧۣĵޡ
ΪΣϴ󣬷ֲκ󣬷õ΢ŷ½ع

Ȼֻһ򵥵Ļعأ½Ƕżӵǧ˿
Ҷ΢.ݻͣǰ޸û΢.֮ǰҲֻһЩ򵥵У԰ƬԼƵ

½ͬʱ˼ͬʦʦãҶҲԼĸ裬½˿ΪҶҲ½ͬš

Ҷ¿ԣö඼ǿ
Сʲôʱ
С㲻ƯôҲô
ˣҲ̫˰~


Ҷã½Ӧǵˡ
΢.ϵԺ͵ޣܾᣬҪȡע϶̫ԣȹʱ˵

Թ緹Ҷ绰ζ˵ȥˡ
ζܿϧ˵ܶ˴ҶҶ೪һʱ䣬϶Ҷһ룬볪ʱԻȥ

Ҷͺζ˵ҸطȥΣڰɻؽǣָҪͺôԶ˱ȽϺá
أһһĿºʼҹԡ

ȥĵطе࣬ҶȥȪƵһ¡
׼Ʊʱǰľϣžسһ
̧ͷòĺշ

ЩӶҶǧÿһ뵽ʮۡ
źѹ־棬Ҷȿȣ̲ס˽

ôˣк𣿡ߵ

Ҷֻ㲻˵ˣѾ𣬻ʲôϵأ

㣡
˲䱻ŭãΪܰȻȿΪʲôΪǺռҵǮ
ҾͲͬ޸һ̲ס¶β˰ɡ

˵ɤ󣬿ȹﱾͰʱ˶˹
ע⵽ʱǷԱСһ㣬ҪӰˡ

ҶСҶֻװͰ͵˵ʱҶȴܿ

ô˵Ըѹɤӵ

˵ʲôأҶϵĿȣƽ˵Ҷӽ꣬ȴűˣûҡ˵ţûīˮⰮ裬ؼҾҪŰϱֻ˵ռôҵȴֻǧ򣿡
̣ǲǾøǧر۰Ҷ΢΢ﴽͲţȻǾ˵˵ȽСΪֲ˶˹

õɴ۾Ҷͬʱ־ȶûҶ
˺ð죬Żûǧǰ׸ˣ㾹Ȼж£ռҡðãȻǸƤĺ꾫

ȥȥ䣬ִֻҶЦڻˣǮҲ˻ÿˣʦҡҵҪʱý֪ռҶӵˣǺϵĹɼۻ᲻
˵꣬Ҷ׼ߡ

ã㾹Ȼвң
ҲվһֻסҶһֻûĿȣ׼Ҷȥ

ҶԶ㿪ſڽĺͰɣɴ಻㣬˿Ⱥ󣬻ˤñס

Ҷ̧ͷź˶ҵʲôҶͬ飬ͱһȫһҪƣ

ȹݵ⻰ٿźİɣ뵽̱Ļ
ȷţһźͳ۸С׻ľ顣

˿û۹⣬ҶίͰ̧ͣ־ҪҶƣס

裬㲻Ҫ˺òã棡

Ҷû㣬أҺú°

һߵİޱȣǺͺ֣һ
뿪˵䣬ɿڻҶ־Լ˵ʲôͻأΧ˶һֿС

ǺͿ𣿡ˣָҶ㾹ȻΪ˺Ҷ죿ҿ裡

ֻޱȣԸ˽⣬ռҲҪ˵֡
Ϊ˷ִֹ󣬺ҶҪߣתʱֿһ͵İɡ
Ϊʲôʹסһߣһ·µ³⣬ϳ󣬰ڸʻҶںš

ʶѸҶҶȴӡ

ѾҽΧٴ·ͲˡҶǰ˵㣬ͣ㣬ҺʲôûУղҲˣʵ̲Ҳţǧ

Ҷô˵ɾָҶҲֻܴ˵û£ұãҲӦõġΪʲôҪôأ
װ֪ҶͺѾˣȻʵ֪

ŷӦŰɣû˵Ҷ¡

նʱˡ
رǺͰɣڸղŲó嶯ҶǰûܷҶ

ֻҶίȴֿ˻
죬ǾɿͼӴףȿϷඡ




26.   26    3

޴ؿŰ, ղû̫ࡣ
Ҷһʶȹݡ
ղŰ˴Ҳ˹˼ڰɸǰ¶ڡ

ֻ֪Ҷ, Ҳ֪ϲҶϱ֪ˡ
ź϶ΪϲźҶ飬ȻҶҲ˵Ļ
, װʲô֪, Ͼ֪ǽ黹ͺ, ǲһе

, ô˵Ҷʱ廰ͱͰ, ˵㻹֪

һͷˮ, Ҷڰָʲô, ֺ񲻶
תͷȥˣе㲻ˣоʲô

ȷʵܺ¡
ǧͰĽİһ, ޲ðѰἰҶ¡
, ƭ˰ɡ
ҶЩ־ƵܡҶô˵óЩѵȥϲ, Ҷװ
Ǻ, ÿŰҪߣ

ܸӡ

ҡҶ, ȥ, ɣȥٺ͡
ɺ֪Ҷʲô, ǰҪֻصûϵ֪һĿԣͱûȥɡȻؼҺ͡

ҶĬĬΪɹơ
ǳصģºףҭǲ鷳ǣǼȥɣҲٴǡ
˵ţţһֻ˳ȥȴػͷһҪҸŶ
³ϳţӰڵ³ǰУԵøҪ

Ҷףıŭ
ô˵óף
ѵûĵô

飡
ˤ³ܵҶǰקסҶ֣ҧ㵽ʲôΪ㣬Ҳϧǰ¶ǵĻײ衣أȻ˵ף
ãѵ֮ǰװ𣿡
˵ھưʱ˵㣬㣿

ץˣ
Ҷµˣק֣㲻Ҫòãҳ˵ףʲôأˣȲҪ飬ͱһѲɻҪ𣿡
ǰ㲻Ҳе֪ġ
ҾԲֲ֪Ҫ£

ʱƿڡ
԰Ǹʲôأ
ҶǺ°
ˡ

߹ʱҶ˵֪Ҫ֪ΪΣҶĸо
ʲôأ

ɿڣҶ˦κκ̫

ʱһɫͣǸǰҡ¡
˾ǸˣȻīҶͰɻǵһϳ

½üʣѧ㣬ҪҪæ

˭ˬʡ
Ҷô˻˦ɿϳлл㣬鷳㿪
õѧ㡣½ϲš

ֻܿҶߡ
ɿźԶȥıӰסղ½Ҷѧ㣬ѲʶҶôʶ½ˣ

ڰɰ˼ʱҶҲ½ôѧ㡣

½רעھưӣҳ̵ʱ򣬿ѧԺѧѧ㣬ҲǽѧԺġ
Ҷû뵽ôɣͷ˵ллղлл㣬Ҹû˵ĵطͺãȻ鷳Ͳˡ

½˵ãȥҵĹҰɣþڸҸֵȥĵͲˡ·ˣһȽϺá

Ҷڵżôĵ
˵ѣҪӢ۾

ͷʪյĳ£ôڽߣȷʵеǱ
Ǵ㵽˹Ҿ뿪Ͼһİȥ·̫Σա
½𣬲ò˵˧˧磬ʹīҲܸоٵ˧

½ֹһƧС¥³Ҷһ¥ˣ½³һŮŮȥɾ·
ŮҽܽԲԲģЦ۾䣬ǿɰ˵ҪҶ·ʱҶʶ͸ˡ
·ڷſڵҶ½˵лл

С㣬Ҵȥ¥Ҷһ¼ҡ
½¼裬Уûзǵ

Ҷ½¼飬ź½ϡ
½¼߳һƿˮſϣ㻻ˣ

ţ¶л㡣Ҷĵû½𣬼ʹ·³⣬ҲЩǱ
֮Ͷѡ½ҶšһƿˮҪлң¼С𣿸ղ׸裬ܾûסоھư㳪裬ͦġ

Ҷһνרҵ¼ң͸¶ĺ棬½ܿͲ׽
Щ˼Ҳô¼

ûϵһᡭ͵ʦһ㡣½Ҫʱ䣬Ҳûϵ
ͦеġҶӦæˡ

¼СǸϸ»Ҷ½˺ܶ࣬һЩ
¼Сʱ¥µĹԱȫ˵ǵİԡ

СĺúãһŮ̲סĶѹ½ҡ
ǰ½绹ǵһδŮңҿ˳ɶС˼
Ҳã˵ӣָоʶá


ߴߴܺ½Ҷʲôϵ

¥ϵҶСʱ¼һȽϴֲڵС
½ȴƣһν¼ͦġǹҾ۲ͣҪҪһ𣿡

Ҷ¥µЩˣʶģЩƤܵлл㣬һȻȥˣЩۡ

ҲС½Ȼͳֻҳ΢.Ŷά룬Ӹ΢ŰɣС޺úҷϾ¼ƵĵһֻС
Ҷ½΢š

½뿪Ҷ򳵻ؼҡ
·ʱ˳ֵ㿪½΢.½ҪС꣬Щ⣬Ͼ½ͦġ
½˲ûдǵļӣûôÿѹֻô˿ϲ

⳵ͣºҶ˳Ǯ
صСʱǰ
ϼӳ˰졣

ҶֻϼƬȦģ

һӣҶյ½˽ţлл
ҶСˣСѧ΢Ҳϳ
½˸ĿɰҶͽ˵ݡ

ȵٴδ򿪣Ҷſڵĺ
һЩˡ

ôŻؿҶǽվ֪ҵ𣿡
ͰɻȥٴθҶ绰ȴֱڡ
òͰɽͺҶ飬˺ȴʾܽܣҪͺ֡
Ȼͬ⣬Ľ겢ûҶɰɲţذϳ

֮£Լȴֿúܡ
֪͵ҶûӦ绰ڡ
ҶһСʱǰҶȴ

ҶúǹͷǸȻɣȴַַŲҪ̫࣬ñ̡
ĽȣӦ󣬽õ֪ͺ飬˳ְѺˡ
ỹ֪࣬Ҷ

Ҷ̫ԣæ˵ݣȴקס
Ҫȥɺ죬ô˼뿪ң㣡㣬ôҡ
ͻȻסҶãɲҪң㲻ԣ㻹üң

Ҷں˾ƣվȣƿ󣬺ݺݵشһơ
ɲˣѾˣ󻹾ݣ¹ҪǰҲᣬҶݺݵصź

һƴѲ٣ƾƵ񾭣ȫת˷ŭ
ƽãʵ˵ǲǰ߾ˣܶϵôɾ
ٴοҶҶƲ


ݿˡ

Ҷæȣ𣬰ұ
ļһߴקסһŮŮƴȥק
һ㣬ںץӡӣ.å۸Сʲô£㱨Ҫ.åˡ

סҶ˾

СʱҶͺѾھ֡
Ҷһֱڿޡľ˴룬һֱֳĬ
ǰæļ˵üüɫĻ档

쾭飬֪Ҷͺ飬ֵȵƵܿ˽ȫ
ʦҲܿ쵽֡

ҶҪ£͸üֵס
ҶֺʱϵĴס֣Ҫ
ʧؿź˵ͬͽ⣬ͻ.ɧž

Ҷھע£ʧҡҡͷʾͽ⡣
ŲҪͽ⣬Զռ£ɺԼ겻ɢò˸ᡣúʧ͸˰ɣٴºġ

պҪҶʧѡ
ҶڴǵĻ£һͬȥ
ȻؼҺҶнȻã֪סǺٷ裬ɴ򲻹

ϵнҶյ½˽š
һҹգƬ췱ǣһ¡

½𣺷㡣

Ҷ˺ͻȻ½ͦɰģظһƯı˱䡣

½ôû˯
ҶϾ˯ˡ
½СŪã㷢
Ҷлл~Ҳ~

ֻҶЩ˯ţ뵽ֻн鷢Ϣн龡ҡ

һҹշת࣬ҶԺ˯ʮ㡣
ֻͿšܲɧŮѱ־

Ҷĸýô




27.   27    4

Ҷ㿪, ˾
ýֻĵŽֵıӰûзҶƬ
ýдлĳĳŮʿṩ, Ҷ뵽켸Ĵ㡣

ٿһʱͻȻˣ˳ȥ, Ѳ, ֻһЩȶȲۡǱгˡ

Ҷˢʱ˺顣
طĤ, ٴε㿪Ȫùݵҳ, 绰ѯʺԤ˵С

ʰ, Ҷ˸, ճ, ֻˡ
ǹܼĺ롣
ƽʱͽ˵绰

ǵȽͨȴ

˾ôڵ绰ֿ, ȻѾϹشһЩӰ, ˾˶ԺӡۿۣϵĹɼҲ˽͡
Ҫ, ھ

һշްն, ˵û, óԺúȵع, 飬ôǮ㾹Ȼץֲʲô˵, ǰôڱסѵÿ𣿡
Խ˵Խͬʱţһʦ¼

Ҷֱü
ΪǰϲˣӦǰ.ɧ
ЩԿۡ

նƵĺ飬˲ûˡ
Ҷһһһ̣ú.ɧűǴģȥҾ죬ǻΪʲô
УҺͺѾ飬鵱»ǲҪҡȻҲ⣬Ҳɧҡ

Ҷ˵绰Ѻͺռйϵ˶ˡ
ںӦòỹΪϲҶ䣬ȥվ

ȪƵڽǸĶȼʮӾ͵
˸ǼƵ꣬Ϊǧţ͸ס߼һľƵꡣ

ȰסҶҵ䣬źһţȻȦ
ǰʱв׷ҶǻҶֻϲ
ڲһˣǮкԵС˧磬̸̸ֵ

ۣܿһЩ˽档
Ҷ˿Щ˵Ļ˽ţֱӰѶԷɾˡ
ʱûкʵĶҶԼ¥ȥȪ

ƵȪдԡأҲа䡣
Ҷѡһ䣬ԼݣרŵĲ͵Գԡ

ԱҶ䣬ҶܰʹƷ
ʱҶһϤ
ߵſڿۣǰɡ

ǵסһ˵ĸ첲һһ䡣
ǽȥʱҶһƬò׽ǽȥĻ棬аɵĲ

Ų֮ǰɿ׷½𣬿Ҫ½΢ţȴ½ڣŸ½𣬻ͬڡ
ʹɶûܺ½ϻٵʱ˺˵ŲֻǱȽϵ͵ʵϺʲ½ҲȻҲܺ½ʶ
԰ֿʼŲعĿľǼ޸ǮˣжǶ١

ŹϺŲһקѰק㿴𣿡
ûѽɽεεҡͷ
ŲɵСܲ.ɧһСˡϢûãͱˡ˵Ǹѧʱһֱ׷㣬𣿡

׷ңûӦܾȺɣҪΣģӦŲҪģʵ̫ˣΪԼеǮͺ˲֮ǰȷ˵ϣҪң͸ƤҩһȫҵĻ

˵ҲͦǮҲôϲأŲֲʵ⻰ֻһʣûĺ¡
ȴΪŲںڳԴףѽǻսѧʲôͻȻиԳʲôй˾ܵĶ׷ңֱƭӣͲ֪ûƭңҵһӡͲãԲϲҽ͵ô˰ɣ

ɰŲϣغ˺ߣŲܲˡ

һߣҶѾȪ
Ӻյ½Ϣ

½ȪƵ
Ҷ԰
½𣺺ɣҲ⸽˵ðС㣬ȻǶҴ
½бȽרҵ豸ųʸпܻһ㡣ȪƵ궥¥ĲлԱ¼СԷ

½ΣҶͻȻи뷨½ǲϲ
Ӧòǰɡ

Ҷ½ϲ뷨̫ˣھưǴΣ˲Ŵ棬Ӵࡣ
ȻúÿҲã½ֶżȦӦüܶŮôܻһ顣

ҶȪˮʱյ½𷢹Ƭʳͼžͺܺóԡ

½ϴκͰĵģϺƷʲҲϲ

ҶͼƬԾ¿ˮûˣ½𲻻ϲģֻѡ
½˸ллŽѵ̬Ϣ½Լʱ䡣

Ȫʱúܿ졣
ҶҲ½Լ㶥¥Ҷĵʹԡسϴ󣬵¥ʱպ㡣

½ſ֣۾غҶкһֻС䡣
Ҷ½Сܹȥʱ䣬Ӳ㣬ûٵ

ǽȥɣҶ˰䡣½
¥Ĳʲô˶ѣǾƵԱСƵһĻʮϣܶ°ģҪ򼶱ĺڽԱС

ԱظҶ˴·
õİҰõĵطƹһ䣬ûʱͻȻ

ǾƵԱ𣿡ŲŷԱ𣬡ǵĹۿӵĿǺڽԱѵж䣿
зԱ¶ΪѣãĻԱǺڽԱûǵĻԱʵƣſ˲ֻͨԱܲ䶨ơ

ŲĿǴģΪڰǰװװ磬û뵽ᱻԱ𴩡
ӶʱҲס

ϵİɶҲеΣΪԼȣŲȴǺڽԱ

϶ǵϵͳˣǺڽԱŲΪ˲ڰɸǰˣǰһвԱôӷϻӽҪԷûˣʶȤһʰȻԲ˶ߡ

ڶ¥ķԱܹרҵѵģʼǿûжŹ򶼲иŲŲϰˡŲԲǡ
ŲвԼʱԱˣûкڽԱҰģ϶ǲ֪ӡ
΢Ц˼ѾԤء

ƭ˭أŲŷԱǶСʱȴû㣬ȥţ
öˣŲ֣СҪȻ˰ɣҲһ

Ųȴ˵У÷ԱȥѾҪͶ߷Ա

ʱ½ҶŮԱָƽ˰ţ½˸ʰλˣ롣

ղҶ߽ʱ򣬰ɾע⵽ҶһֱûҶȻܵ
ȿԱȻҶȥɸǾ°͡
ҶͬеӴſ֣һʱûϳŲϳ½

Сԭ㶩İ䰡ŲЦУãһɣ

½߹ʱѾϳŲŲк
ŲѴѳʶ˽²Ųӡһ㣬ղŵ£ѾŲˡһڹϴ󳳴ֵˣԺ

½ҶȽȥŲһۣ˵㾯˼ǲ죬лл
˵꣬½ת˰䣬һ͵Ų

ŹϺŲ㶵ضŰ俴һᣬ˺ð죬ŻعǺ

ޱȵΣ½˵ʱϳ½
½Ѿ׷ˣɴ½ҶСıӣ˶ܿ½Ҷ˼
ǰҶ׷ģ£ԱܾҶȴܸŶһ롣
ɾҶڵϣݺݲ̤




28.   28    5

Ҷʱ, ﻹˬġ
ܽĵطȴֵܽôÿ

½, ҶʱͻȻһ¡
㲻Ҫ£ȥ½

һǸһɡҶ½ߵſڡ
Ǹտ, зԱǸ, ˼, ղλµѾ, λ벻õġ

Ųߣ½û˵ʲô
º, зԱǽܲƷ
½ǵһ, ˼ɫ, Ҷ

Ҷõ˵ʱ򣬵һӦǺù
ȻǧţĲƷλλ׼, ûֳ⡣

ò֮󣬱Աڰ, ûϲˣ½÷Աȳȥ
, Ǹ豸, ½óһ, ݸҶ, 

Ҷ϶󣬾Լ͵֡
۾, ʼС

½׸軹ûУǳ֮ǰ½дʺǲ˵о
ھưҶʱٵ¼ң׸ʱ򣬾̲ס뵽ҶȹǳЦӡ
ڵ³⣬ҪȥμһۻᣬҶһס붼ûͿȥ

ҶڸУһĶʱ򡱺ָӦ۾½۾ЦƺҲԼĶ

һ½յ豸
ҷг츳ҵ֮ΪʲôûǩԼ˾ŷչһ£½˵׻Сѧ֣輫ߣôˣ

ҶʵΪҴѧҵͽˡ
˵⻰ʱ۲½ı飬½סֵǰʱˣǴοģǰ򡣡

Ҷ˵ʱ½ıһ
û⣬ȻҶ˵飬Ǿǹȥ飬ие棬ϴε³иŮϹܣǸղŲǸɣ

Ҷͷǰϲܶ꣬飬ҲΪŮӹұΪǶһˣ϶飬û뵽ôͷֿ

½ǵðˣھưɵʱͺڨǻںŲм䲢ûж졣

˵ǵ£½ѻתҶϣΪͬһѧѧԺкܶ໰ģʱ䡣

Ҷע⵽ʱʱѾϰ˵ࡣ
ֻ½ע⵽Ķ

ǵ֮ǰǿ𣿡½ʡ
ҶͷǸط⸽ҪҪһȥ

ҶЩ棬ִǺһУҪǱĵ̫ðɣ
ҹؾͺˣ㲻̫ӣʵܶߺǶʶҶΪ½ǳǳЦ£ĽëǺÿ

Ҷؿסˡ
ԷǣҶ֮ǰܲǴ
½ִǣΪʲôϲأ

Ҷ͵͵½ǿȥ½ڿָæջĿ⡣
ʲô£
ҶĬĬΪԼ½ִ˧磬Ҫ̸ܺҲһܡ

ĺ˧ҲòҶٴĬĬ̾

Ǿ鷳Ҷ΢Ц

¥רֱﳵĵݣ½𿪳Ҷȥ
ɫᣬԶ֮еǽ

½ͣһƽϴ򿪳˾ڳϣ׼

ʲôʱ׼ҶЩϲ
ȥϴּʱ÷Ա׼ģһЩСԡڳԷʱһֱ˵㶼ûôԣˣЩ½

½ҷرչˣ֮ǰĺܲһҶһڲ裬̧ͷǿա
½˵£ȻǮ˼ңҰСͽҺãҪѧΪñСܻ£һϰ߰ɡ

ǻͦõġҶ̾ǿ
ǰ½һֱͷûǣڿҶ

ûǩ͹˾½ʡ
Ҷҡͷ½ڿ΢΢ЩˣֻһѾǮˣȦһΣֻŴ㡣

Ҳͦá½ıܿƵ̧ͷһǿգȤĻʱԵҵֹ棬㲻ȥ̨ǰĻ󡣵дһ׸õϲʱǳгɾ͸еġ

Ҷͷȷʵ൱һְҵߣпʱȥɷ磬ʱԱ¼޾϶رڡ

̸һֱʮһ㣬ŷ̻ؾƵꡣ
˵ҶطٴηԼС
󣬱һ׸ýȴڼ
Ҷ½ĸ峺Ȫˮųٳһ顣

һ׸ʱ䣬Ҷ̵Ӽ

֮ǰ½ŵʱ򣬸պõĽ½Ͱֹͣû뵽滹½İ汾
׸СĶ½½˵ڵİ汾ʼиĶܴ
Ҷ½ʲôĶ½𲻿ϻش˵Ժĳһ֪ˡ

ĶҶһֱظţֱ½΢š

½Ҫ׶ҪŻҪȥ棬ֱҺ˵ˡ㰲ŵġ

Ҷ΢ţҪظʱͻȻţ˵ǿͷ
ֻȥš

ɴ֮󣬿ȷʵɡ

ôҺ𣿡Ц
Ųط˴һܣ֪ŲƭŲҸûйʲһǨһ¥⣬һǮȲҪ˵½ּƷȡ
ŲƭҲϲ֮ǰھưŲŲ˯˾Ͷ
ֻ·ŲװǮˣɲԾ˲Ŵ󳳣ǰιϵ

Ųϳ󣬰ԽԽ⣬ǰȲҶڲúõ½ϲ
ھƵõҶ
½ߺ󣬲š

Ҷȷʵе⣬˵ɺŲϣֻҪҶ˵ȥ崿ûˡ
԰⣬𣿡ſڡ

ҽȥ￴һۣѲ½ߺʲôҰ˹
װʮİɣһӵĻ𣬷ûˣͲװˡ
ãҲ̽ңʲôֶβܹ.½ˣòã

Ҷ΢΢̧üɲװˣЦ㣬Լ棬ͲҪѱ˦˺ֺŲϣ湻ġ
ŲӦòҪ˰ɣҶɺɣȰ㲻Ҫң㰮ô£Ҫ鷳ڸȥӺָ֣ԸҪ㣬ȻЩʱ䣬ָЩȦӻô¡

˵꣬ҶҪţȴֵס

ҶһѣȥҶ

ʲô½
קɣҶǰصŰɡ

ɿ½ۿίصҡûʲôֻǼûıãкȴңء

Ƥδ̫ˡ½ֱӵãԲ˵ˡ㣬￴ŹҲŲҪ㡣
ԽԽ䣬Ҿ㣬õ鷳Ҳڽǻ첻ȥĶ첻ȥ

½ǳ׵صŰɡ
ɳô󣬻ûôָ컹ǵһΣȴΪá
½ļȷʵǲġ
ٲԸɻǲ뿪

½Ƶ걣ñŰ뿪Ƶꡣ

Ȱߺ½绰ǰ̨Ҷٶһ䡣
סҸڰɣǸɿźܷӣۻͲˡ½վſڣҶ㣬ȥʰ

ſվ̫ۣҶ½ݵȣûʲô

ǵǽʱҶŵĸ軹ڵѭòŵ½𳪵Ĳ֡
ˢأ½ͺˡ

ҡɳϵ㡣½򴽵

Ҷæͣʰʱ򣬲ŷ½ָ˼΢ţǿûϢԲ𣿡

½ʵͷΣա
ҶЦˣھƵôΣաҪѾ˯ţϴ裬ô죿
һţûӦңǾ˯ˡ½߼Ӧûġ

ҶЦ£ţ

ʰ½Ҷ󣬾ͺҶ˵ûҶ

İɣڽֵϡ
䣬ŭӿͷɾ˲ôҡ
ֵĵȷȷͷ
½˵öԣŲŪָô˵

ӱߣúˮЬ棬ȻƬ֣
ǲҪˣ㣿

Ϣ󣬰Ӻ߳˼ҾƵ꣬º󣬹ֻ

ĺڱУղɵ΢š
ԵȵڶֺûлǳҪɾ˺ɾʱ뵽

ûõĶʲôƷ裬ȻԼͽ֣
ֻȥסƵ꣬Ҫʧ䡱ȺңŻΣöԲȻá

ڰٴôúʱҶպ½˵ټ
Ϣ죬ȥס

ҶڷϷʱͻȻӵİĵ绰
İ룬Ҷڶصһٽӡ

νͨǺ
Ӿֳˡ

ã̸̸ֻʱˣֻջֻزͨҶĵ绰̸һΣ̸ұ֤پ㣬𣿡




29.   29    ˣ꣩

ȪƵĿ, ҶյͿڿλõĺ
Լʱ䣬ٵ˰СʱǰȺ, ȻһΣúȵ

󣬺ƹһ, Ҽǵϲɽ, ԰ɣ
Ҷҡͷ, , ϲɽȡؿźֱεƿߡ

ѿȶ˵һ, ˻, ڨڨ, Ҫȵʲô𣿡
ˡҶ̾һЩεʲôأ
, ѵûҪꣿ

ҡ
Щݡ

ھֵʱ, ȻûкҶ
һʼԼ, ֻҪҶԸͽ, ͿԲñ
˼, е˷, ˷úĪ
ףദ, ȻһֱҶɣ֪ʱȴҶ˸顣
뵽Ҷֲͽ⣬ӦǺ˵򰮲ŻޣвһڴҪٴμҶ

ãһ⡣
ŵֱ֣ǰϵҶȴҪ
֮ǰ룬Ӧôڣǵᣬǽŵ˵
˺üܼѵʣã˵ԸصߣǻǰԵ𣿡

˵úܿ죬һ󣬱ڴҶ

ҶһʼΪˣֱӵǲˣ
֮ǰ֮ˣֻͷ⣬⡣

ס˵ʲô

˵㲻Ϊ㲻ҪˣҵҶʾȥҶôԼϧȴ˵븴ϡûҲǸˣҲģ

Ȼ벹㰡æ

ҶҡͷѾͺϷˣĮĲѾ㣬Ҳǰɡ˵ֻǺƢ˵ܰôȻô㣬ӦûΪɡ

˵ɣɫЩÿ
ԭΪֻҪԼϴɻԭϾôе㲻ɣررꡣ

ǲ˵ɺòãü
أôٴζңȥұ𣿡ҶЦʱҲúʵǸͷβС

ƿڣ𲻳
ʱֻˡ
ûעĺ룬ֱӸˡ
ԷƶشΡ

ĴδʱҶǽһ£һҪء
ͨ

Ϊʲôôģڵ绰޵ÿһֱڵȺɵ磬ûȵϢˣֻȴ绰
أǲҪˣԸصߣ

ɣ㲻Ҫɵ£ˡ

Ҷɡֱ֣ȴץס

ãҪȥģҶҪߣˡ

绰һߵİá֣˲ըˣ˵ôϢԭǱ꾫ˣ
ҪǲңҾ͸.㿴

Ҷ˦֣ٴ˺һ⣬þȫˬ
ˣû뿪

绰ɻڿޣ˻ᣬ͹˺ĵ绰
°ɵ£ֻٴ绰ȥʰ
ܵżȴжʮŻᵽֻڵ绰ɣ侲һ㣬Ϲ㣡

ɣ
ŲҲڵȵݣ֣¶ζ񣬡ǣղںͰ˵𣿡

üʣʶɣ
ʶôܲʶɧȶվס˺ü졣ŲҸ˵ŮһͺãҪ̫档ǰ컹Ҵϣû뵽͹㡣
ҸоƭˣǸ

飡
Ųһȭ򵹣ŲϣŲܿͰŲѪ

ܳ˵ʶİҪǰɣ㣡ŲֳסѺѹڵϡ

칫ңнҲ򲻹ŲڽϴģܿͱŲſ¡
ܿбˡ

ڵϣضŲбѸղŵĻ˵һ飡
˵˵˭˭ɾǸ.ӣŲѿԼĵİɴ.ոûУӲҪЬȵȣ㲻Ǹô
ӴСڹ갡ŲͻȻЦˣûҪô֪ô˵𣿡

ͷ۵ҪɢһȻһվŲ

˵ǹƤҩһͷͻȥϲ㡣
˵ʹɵҪôϲ㣬ȴҪҪϲ
Ȼ㣬ҾˣǸ
ŲСȶӱҧסг

ǱҪҽԺǽվֽ˵ݡ

Ҷ˵ݣתͷŲ
Ų۵ôˣ˵ҽҩѵȡ
ҶЦ£»ңҲϷ
ǺŲܱĵˡ

̨ҵҶȥʰ˷Ϊн绰˵ҵˡ

һ߳УҶ׷ӵضκãװҲãкܶҶ⡣Ϊ̫ˣкܶȴ
н˵һԺܼӵޣΪ˷С͡
ҶͶԷ󣬴ҿ˷ڶҾʹ绰˵Ҫ
Ϊ˫ǱȽϸɴˣҲܿ졣

ҶнʱҲнæ׺ʵķӣ̫ҪضΣֻҪͨͺá
н˼׷ӣ̫⣬ֻöһ׷

գҶ˭Ҳû˵Ϊʲô½֪Źҵ˹æ
Ϊ˶࣬ܿͰꡣ
ҶȥԷ

Ҷ½½ҵЩˣȽᣬҶ⣬ûʲôνľĻ
̸Ҳյһ

ǲǻ֪ǰȪƵɱ˰ͻȻü
˵һ㣬Ϣܿͱˣѵˣʡ
ͷ˵ǣ˵ľƵҹ迪ģ컹²ۣ˵µ˰˱ùǿ϶֪Ϊʲôôİӣûаɣ
Ϊʲô

Ϊɱ˵ӼǮϼŵܲã˵ɱ¶һмı飬ڵ˰ûһö
£æȻĸλҹ˵űײʱ˻ʬϣƤӲŮ˵ĲӸնˡ

ףÿѽиֵ˵˵ġ
ѽҾ˳̾һ£ǮãѹģеĻ̡̾˾䣬ƱһˣҲ˵ˣϷɡ

˻˲Ծ

ղ˵ϼܲʱ½𿴵ҶЩסҪҶȴõ˵Ҷǰ£ʹסҶ֡
һ͵ڡ

Ҷɱ˰ʱסΪ⣬쿴ܣ֪ȥҰʸû뵽ô裬Ȼɱ˰ɡ
ϸ룬ǲ⡣
ɰóԣһ״̬һֱΪɶҲϲû뵽һֱƭ˽»򹷡˭ϣҲѲ

Ȼụ̂ϧˡҶС̾˾䣬ͷʱ򣬲ŷ½ǣ֣۾
ʱ½һشչѧֺ

ôڣȻ˿ǣ֣ô˵ĺô
ҶҪ˵ʲôȽʱȴ½Ķ͸ˣԭ½Ҳܽţ򴽵ѧܶˣҲܿɰ

Ŷ½һֻḷ́źϧҿ
Ҷ˵û£ҿˡ

ô˵ʲôĻأͻȻֶе㲻һ
һתͷȥ˽¶ڲϰû׷Ҷڿ˵Ļ¶Ե

ҶЦ˵ûУתƻǼϷɣҺһ𡣡
ȻҶתúӲҶϰЦã

ۻ½Ҷȥ
ͣڵ³½һתͷҶŵÿڳԣѧ㣬ҡ˰ɣ

Ҷ˿Լ֣ղź½סĸо½֣һ㡣
½ͷǰսһ㡣
ٽһЩҶ
½ֱӰͷյҶǰ棬΢ȴͣסˣѧ㣬𣿡

Ҷ̧ͷ½ЦֻͻȻס½ѽָãһμʱҾô˧ô⻬ϸۡ

½˲ʧ䣬ԭΪ
ֻҵһ˿˿Թ

԰Ҷ
֪½Ҫ˵ʲô½߷ߵӺܿɰ̲ס.

½˺ߣ̧Ҷ°ͣҿɲֹ
˵꣬½ȥᡣ
ŵһֻ޴ò֪ģֻܸоܵĿԽԽȣƺһ˿ζ

һǽ½˲ֱҡȥ

½˵ҶȥֻҶȥȱʱ䶼Ҷ

½ߺҶڴϣƲסط
ҾȻõˣ

һҶζġ
ε½飬˴ȡ
ʱԸۣҪ

Ȳò˵ϴʱҶ
һˢֻһˢ
㿪ͷʱֵһ˵ľǡܲɱ˰

˵ѹȥˣҶֵ
ۣ˵Ҫк̡ȶȷǳ󣬲˺Ѻһ̸ǳ

ԽԽ󣬼ʹϹǸҲƽϢ˴ڵŭΪӱѹôãǺǮ
ûãͲ鴦һˡ
İӱƽʡԺԺ̡

֪Լʱ֪ͨҶ˵ʱǰҶһ棬ǱҶܾˡ
Ҷ˶Ҫˣαټ
ֻ̽һʱʧ䡣

Ӹսڿޣº޵øˣֻͺŲأҵүΪʲôҪң
裬ԲҪˡ޵رģŵΪʲôҪɳֺͿ£ֵð
Ҳǻôͳ嶯ˣʼֻȥҰһ𰸣ǲǴͷβƭǿֻ˵ĸ¼ˣԭɲŪǸ
ķŭ԰ɵƭôϲЦĴ
Ҷôȴϧһ˺Ҷ

ڷŭͲʵʹ£˰ɡ
ڻᱻ̣ıӦɡ

һᣬֿʼɺҶһӵıãûһöȫǺ˾
裬Ժౣء۴ˮ̽ʱ쵽ˣֹסز㡭չ˺Լɡ
˵꣬.ߺ

ſڲϣ֪ļ棬Ĵȴסֻܿźһͷرߡ

.·ϣֹסز
ԽߵýԽоõĽӽ
ȥգһֱټҶһԼȥ¡
ĿҪˡ
жĿ־壬һԵӿӶԽԽ˲Ծ

ҡҲ뵽Ҫŵ߲·ڵϣأĲ
ͷڵϣĵذ·ѡ

Ϊʲôӣ
ӱʱ⡣
ĺܺڣǳڣ󣬾ӦûȥҶ
ҶôԽܣٶʱȥ׷ҶԸ⡣
ֻҪҶԸصߣԸ⸶һС

ûôĴˡ
Ѻϳ죬꽭Ƕһѩľرϣն㲵þһߵá

̳󣬺ͻȻľЦ¡
ǱӦɡ롣

ͬʱҶҲ˺ҪţԺͲģһֹۣҳ档ڵĽ֣Ǻ̫ˣǻбӦ
һ㶼

ѩжϴİɫƽҹ½ҶȥߴԿķǡ

һƬƬѩ¡
½ԸҶ½۾棬ҲԸ

ղʲôԸҶʡ
½صԸ˵Ͳ
Ҳ㡣Ҷߺߵ

һ½Ը棬ڡĶѸʱ˽ϲѶ
һʱ䣬ˡ
Ҫ֪½ôŮ˭ƾ˭ȥǣǲ½˭
½ܲɷʱ˵Ϊ˱ȽϺߣ̫ϲԾͷҲٰˡ

ֱ½źӣСǣһλٸƬѣ½˴īܿò毺á
죬½ظһ˺ÿۣ
ǵģҷһֱ

ʮҶԸ档
Ըǡ֮ÿʮ꣬ȻʱһϲԷ




30.   30    1

ȿȡ
Ҷʱ, ;Ƥúܣȿ󣬲֪ȷʵá

ĵط, һ
˵ůϳ˺ֺͽȴ

, йŮˮ
, , ū澸šҩӿ˵㲽ӡ

ҶԼű, ȴ۵ôڴ
ҩæ۵, ôԸ, ۵óһ, ū澰

Ҷҡͷ˵ãԼ

䣬ſڳһŭڵĻӣս, ͳҶ󺰡

ޥúݵİ, ȻĺӶŹ
קҩץסҶ, ҶӴϡ

Ҷͱֽ, , Ϊ̫, ײذʱ۵ᶼ
ҩסҶźͻ, ʲôΪ˾ӲŻˮûڲô𣿡

˵ӨӨ˵ˣޥºӣۿģôߵָҶЫˣ㲻ǹ㣡û£Ȼҽվȥ룡

ҶͻȻЦ̧ͷһϣصҾͺɣҰ޵λøӨӨɺã

һΣҶɼܿĳ
ţ׻ĮߡȵΪ£ңΪԭͻ
ԭԸ޸ʱ˳ʱҲ۹ԭΪɾȫȫضԻ

ǺѵӨӨһʼֻ˵ãԭ˹գӨӨѾ̥ᡣ
ԭܲӨӨ͹ڵſһһҹε
ԭͬӨӨ檣˵ˣӨӨĺҪԭ

һʼӨӨӦˣǵȺºӨӨʼʳǿаѺӱȥӨӨ
ļӨӨͷ紵úã˻ԭĹϵ

ΪԭֲԲѻԽԽԶ
ǰԭݣ޷ӨӨ

ӨӨֻ֣ҪԭԶ޻ߺ롣
ӨӨʼԭķҩԭߵѾǸģԭԽԽ͵͵ﴫϢ
ҽԭжҲͲ鵽ӨӨ

ϲȻŭּӨӨ
Ӵ˻ججȴӨӨĺӻƸԭ

ԭúСԲỵԼ
Ҳһɿɰĸס

ʮ󣬻ᱻõԭԼԼ¶ĸס
ԭ̱ԭںԺʮֱ꣬Ǹ˵࣬Ȼ
Ȼȥԭʱԭֻʣһ˵ԲԭȻ˵ֻᣬһֱѻᵱӣ˵ˡ

Ҷԭʱһ仰ܽҪûһö

Ҷ˵룬˼صɴ۾
ȻЩޥĮޥȴһһĺáȻĹе㲻ģԼˣҲ״
ޥûȥһ״ӨӨУޥҲֻǶޡ

ޥڹ⼤ŭ𣿡ͻȻӦµҶҺ֮䣬һˣȻܺ룬𣿡
ʵ»ҪҶڻǣƻ»ʵģҲҪҶûʵ۰ġ

ֻҪҼĮıȨǵĻϲϲעһӡ

ûҶҩȨֱضҺ롣
ǻԸ⣬ӨӨҲȨ

ҭסһʱ˵
ִҶЩˣǰҶô˵ģֻ˵ġ
ҶϤˡ

ޥ㲻ҪüҲʹ˰ֵģ㲻ϴԶᵽ

Ҷ֣ãͻ˯ң²һΣͲҲû

Ҷǲ˵ߵ˦ˡ

ҩæӣʵ£Ÿﲻ
ںӱߣǴܹײȴСŤ˽ˤȥΪ˴ӣϧˮѴӾԼ˺ҩΪӱƽʲô¶ûȴҪΪβ˵ף

ҶЦҩҼ޽ꡣԴǰӨӨҺӨӨִʱŹһΣ

ҩסˣûС

ǡҩסǷޣϥûһŮ治ô찡

ҩҶ̾һôΣˣϲ˭˭һҶ⡣
סҩ֣Ȼңֺαؿధءȥ꣬ˡûкӣҲǹзغʹͣⱲӲѹȥʰסȥ
ʱұǹԭ̫һֱסڻҡ

ҩΪԼģ˵ûᣬͷԣǰعȥ۲ΪҪҲɡ
ҩҲеС˼Ӱȥסô󣬹϶֪ʱ̫ͻҪô˵




31.   31    2һ

Ҷֻиռ޵ʱ, סµĹסڻҡ
˶˻, һӣŻȥĮ
ǻҴլֻлһס

ڻס, ҶĶࡣ
Ȼûס, ˳ɨ, Ҷҩڻʰ, Ըȥ˹

úϾ˻ʼҵ, ١
Ҷ, ɨ۹, صͷ
ԸиۡзŴٺ»Ǯзݵλ, ҪͻһԸڹסžͺ
βôأ뵽Ŷ, 𣬵, Ҫһûù

ֱӱ̧һĹ, ַҶ
Ȼûס, ʱסĴ, һֱ˴ɨšǴӹҶ޳ģҶ𣬾ǰź, 뿪ˣ͸ð
Ҫū˵⹫סžͺãˣпս̫϶߶߶ֻҪܵùӣΣӶңڡ
ūʹˣҲһ㣬ūڹʹ˶ʮ꣬͸ĵǣĵǲܻͷġ


޾죬Ӹѧ·ͱɵӸǰź֮ǰҲȰӣӲࡣԸҪع̲ס˵䡣

ҶĬĬĴָǹˣ˵ȷʵ͸ҲԭΪɱ˫ۣһ㣬Ҳܻнա

֣л㡣Ҷº
ۿ΢죬ôūءūһͻ˶ˣܺūȥﰡ

Ҷĸѹ̫ģһĹϵô꣬Ҳûô̫ȻЩ£ﲻܻ᲻֪

˵һỰҶЩۣ˯ˡ
̫ˣҪʱ

ͬʱӨӨһˡ
§ӨӨû£㿴ܾС

ӨӨһַֻڻǰί£ѵôС´˺֣桭ĺ°ʲô£أôȥ
ӨӨԽ˵Խģʵͷһһ飬ۿû۲ѡ

ľֻôˡ
ޥǳ˵͹λӲ̫׽ȴҲᡣޥ֣ǳ嶯Ǳ֪϶Ҫ𷣡

˰ӨӨıѾޥĸԶһ㡣ģǹǵģٲȥһաʱˣȻϴ

ô˵ӨӨֲ֪ܰ⵹ޥ
꣬ʹȫܳɹûޥģǰѻҹܼȨƿУ˻ΨһĶӡ
ޥʲôޥ䣬ºޥǻҴˣĳ¡

ӨӨһŮ˵ǴɺôǸټС㡣
ڶ࣬СҪѧֳģſܶõһƥϣһΡ
ڵϽңһʱ˴룬ǻ

꽫Ӣ۾κνޡ
ڷңصϼָ岮޸ʲôˣӨӨɴ
һʼû˼ûƣ˻ĴޥĹϵ

ڣӨӨεó裬ڻҳԴӦȺ޲޲
ɳ˻ҵţûʸμᣬЩҲһҡĶֻҪޥպӣĸԶܼ̳лҼҵ

ӨӨˡ
Ҫࡣ

ޥճѾߴȥޥҲѾˤޥƵ
£ҲôݣԼĶȥһ֮λԲĻỳɣڻУû˱ơ

ɶˣǲޥ
ӨӨڲʶޥĳݶԣж߲ʡ
ֻҪޥţԶǻҵң޳ͷ֮ա

ɣҸȥȵúӨӨ˵᲻ʲô
˵üšǵĺӣҲ˵û¡Ҳˣٹһʱ䣬Դʼ顣

ӨӨͷŻĺ磬ɣ˵һǸöá

Ц£û˵
һʶӨӨʹԼûӨӨҲޡǵݵλʵڲ̫࣬˵᲻ͬ⣬Լܻܾ
Ǿͺãޥޥиͷڣһ԰ҰϵģҲܸҫޥλţӨӨĹϵܺõ㣬Բ
ϧˣޥѾǵޥˡ

뵽ʱѾ߽ǳ°عסˡ

ʲô
ΪԼˣѾظһ顣

ū˵°عˡ

͵վûӨӨˤϣֱǲ˼ȻȥʲôҪҳ𣿡
˵⻰ʱѾֻޥǰһãˣޥǰҲ

Ѿҡͷ˵ֻҩʰѾȥ˹

عʰ
ӻˣôĴ£ԭ£ȻˣƢ

ǾᣬҵҪڹסãԼţޥڿ϶ֻ֣ק´ûޥϲòգ϶

ӨӨüʵܸޥȥޥˣҾֻһŮˣǸڡ

˶ˡ
պ󣬻ûޥĵǸȵϵѯʡ
ʻΪʲôͻȻȥסϱֻһʣΪһλú̫ᵽһ䡣
⻰ͻȻе飬ֻ˵˵СŤ
ϵû໳ɣ֮䳳ֻܺûޥһ㡣

ӹʱĻڡ顱ֱ
ûֹޥ̫嶯ȥޥһϢûⲻҪȥޥô
ﲻ

ͬģӨӨ
ԭΪûޥǻҵŮˡǲȥܿˣȴֻסӡ԰ޥֵĻݣר˿ܡüݵȣҲǺǰһûʸ롣
ûޥƲһˣֶһ

ӨӨơ
ޥȥ˹ûޥϢǰޥﰲˣÿնޥ¡
ڣڵĹһʲô

ͬʱҶȴࡣ
ʱ䣬Ķױᵽ
û˻ӨӨĴţźþģ纮Ҳõòࡣ

ͷãҶҩεٻ£һ裬̺úܡ

ҩһ԰Ӱӣһߵ½ɫöˣūҲˡ
ҶЦЦӹҩݹӣһ̵ģǺóԣҩҲԡ
л¡ҩԼҲӣӦһֱסڹǣҲȻÿκεɫ

Ҷͷ˵ǡ
ҩٹЩӣˣǻԳȥ֮ǰٰΣÿζȥˣȥߣǰڹʱٰϵٺ߶

ȷʵȥٰ档ҶӣڲֵʱԺŸ˳֣ʣôˣ
ҩȥһۣ£ˡ

ӹֱ幫ɹȴ˵ҪҪͨǹء
һ־ըˣ˳ͻǰҶȥ뻹ҪͨҶﻹû




32.   32    3

ҩ֮ǰڴܺϵһ, ӱãջع󣬿״̬ԽԽ, ֵһþôڹҲͦá
£ſڳҪȻǼ, ô£

ǾɡϾ, Ҷǲ, û

ŭ߹, ûҶǰͿʼ, ޥ, 㵽ʲô˼˴ˣСƢ, Ȼұѣҽﻹû

Ҷˣұ֪Ż᲻ѹ
, һûз, ˵˲ҾͲҡڶΪ֪, ԽҪͨ, ǹءҶû, Ǽϡ

㣡

ޥ, ǿʶ˶٣˵ͨ£ӵ, ҲôһԶӲΡͰػңֻҪ˺ӨӨ㣬˿Ц
ԸסڻңǶԻһأӣҲӦϡ

ҶȴЦˣѳ޶꣬ЦѾˡֺαڵԡ
ס㲻Ӧøˣ˵Ųң

ôܷŲȥѿڶ

Ȼŵ£͸԰ðɡ˵Ҷ¶һЩʧ䣬Ҽǵøճɻʱ˵ᰮңΪ仰һһض㡣븮˵ֻǿãûûŮɺֺ̥ᡣ
Լҹƽ𣿡

һҶ۽ǻ䣬Ʒǳ˵󣬱ѡ

Ҷסˡ
ʼɻʱԭҪùǽ򣬿ߵҶ־û
ճɻʱȷʵҶġ
Ǻ

ǲ˵ұˣԶңҶл˼ûı𣿻Ǳ㣿
ҶͷȥΪ㣬סȥ֪˵ɵڿɵȥɣȻĻŰɣ˵ʲô㶼š
˵һΣûҸǰˤˣƵΪλҪΪβѾһڣ
Ƕˣʮɡ

ҶһӵĻͻȻûˣһЩΡ
ꡭȷʵ˺Ϳ¡
鶼ȥˣҲû˼

ޥòã֪һ㣬Ҷô˵ȷʵɵأҶҪɱѾ߻ţᣬӨӨΪĸУûôҲ
ޥҡҾ˵еοˡ˵⼸ʱͷ˽һĿİֺܲԸĸоȻˣ͡һȥɡ

Ҷȴҡͷ
ҩӻ߹ȥɻ̫ÿɲãһ㻹ңӰǵĹϵҵ

ҵޣʲôᣡˣǼãԽǲģԽġ

Ҷɲٶԣ޵󣬱ҩš

ҩӣҶֱϣ£վš
ǾվŰɡģվһҲãܶˣ͵үۡ
ҩЩԥūĻڸǸ˼ɺѵá

Ҳ˵ѵáҶ鵭Ҽ޸꣬ϴκҵǸӦûӨӨ̥ʱ˵öԣӻͷƭ˵ġҪڵվվš
ҩ̾קգɵˣĺ

վԺؿŽյĴš
һӣӹȥ߻û˳
ôأ
͵ǸˣҶȴȥ

ĺֺͽŶЩ䡣

ֱִӲүǻȥɡµĻѾ˵úûҪšҪվţҹ˲ҲԹޣΪԸġ
ЩᷳʼʱΪֻһʱͿξȻҶԵ¶֣̲ˡ

üͷ壬óֻĲͷ
ת湫һǵã˳ݣǻˡЩˣ˦뿪
ſڣȴɡվڼеӨӨ

ôˣʡ
ӨӨ΢촽ҿѩˣɡ

ӨӨõüͷøˣôôپͳһҽЪأѲҪһϣ
ҡӨӨͻȻĻţ֪ô˵ֻ
ЦŰӨӨ§һ˶ů뻹ӨӨã֪֪ȣģӨӨ£Ҿôޥˡ

⻰ӨӨ̧ͷ˵ʲô𣿡
û˵ʲôޥĺͲͬеѾ߱ҲѾ߻ţӦһͬڲǡѾߵʱ̫ļˡ

ոջظӵˮŭģȥҶ
ӡҶһֱϲӨӨĸӣп£ô©û֡

ӨӨҧҲ뵽ô⣬Ļŵͬʱȴֻܵᣬȥ

ͷۻ˳ӨӨȥҶػңӨӨԸͣ˵ԺܺгദͷͬˣӨӨƣ㣬Ⱳӵˡ

Яֻػңһᡣ

һ磬Ҷ󣬼ѩûͣ˼鿴
շûҳŮ˵ٰˡ

ٰҶС꣬ΪͲĸĹϵӼһ档
˵Ը죬Ҷ浾ٰȴúö

Ҷæ˴ٰҩȥϺõĴԸҲȥ˼ѡ
ٰ˺ҶûڣͿٰۿˡ

ʳ㣬ôݳˣٰü˵꣬ǻ£ôˣϴӻҰܵίҸ˵ʱͲ̣Ҫó

ҶԭʱͱȽϲٰɫҰҺޣҲΪԭͷΣֻԭ̫ÿηȰٰٰҲԭˡ
ȥ꣬ҲΪٰҪԭӲһ㣬ԭ˻Ͷûʲô

ٰҶʱҶʲô£̲ס˹
Ҷݵģٰšȭͷ޲ðѻ

ºٰ׷ʵ˵εôˣ

Ҷٰ裬̾ȥˡ

ʲôжȥˣʽ㣬Ը̫ˣôŻᱻԵģٰ߷ߵԲЩĸо˵ٴΣǹί͵óļ
תͷҩҩ˵ôˣ

ҩӣȥٰԥƬ̣ʵ˵ˡ

ʲô벻ˣٰվ۾ԲƫƫһҵĻҺ͹֣
ٰ˵궼ţû뵽ʽô벻ôţ㶼ѻʼ

Уҵһȥٰ

Ҷæסٰãȥôأȥһ֣Ҳֻ䣬Щٺ»Ҵʮ򾫱Įһ죬Ǹٻ˵£Ҳ
ҶͿ͸һ㣬ͻ̫Ĺϵһ㣬ӽ״ȷʵͷһ»ɲʹطЩٺ»ʲôá
Ҫģɲֹô򵥡

ٰͻȻᣬסҶЩ꣬Ϊˡ
ͬΪٰҲȵ۴ͻ飬ΪҲ£ֻһ㣬һϲķδǰٰҲйΣʶʽᡣ

ҶԼûޣٰˣٰıڰң۲Ĳġ

ǺáٰǺߣ͵ֻûɱ۸ҪӨӨһңȻԩޣ˻ҵĹܼȨЩ㶼ֻ
ԻģҲӨӨ⡣ٰг𱨳ʽ뿪ˣڹסţϾҪ꣬ҪؾְҾͲţȻ󣬻㡣
Ȼʱ͸ҪӨӨеĹܼȨǾ仰Լһ㣬ҲӨӨģ

ҶЩΪѣ˻᲻̫֣

ʽ㣬ˣǻ̫֣һҹܼң˵ȥҪЦٰ룬ֵҪ˵ڣʱ졣ǽһӨӨǸˣҰʰˣ

䣬Ůͽ˵ˡ
Ҷٰһٰ̧ۣüѽ˵ܲٲܲٵҵҪˣʲôۡ




33.   33    4

ӨӨȥ, Ļŵûô˯
ˣԭΪҶĻջȴ˵ᡣ˵ҪҶǸʱ, Ҳûš
˵ʵӨӨĺƬ̡

ŹŮԺߣӨӨһֱڴİ費, Ҳ, ȻһҪá
ͷһ, Ʋۡ

ȵһǰ, ŮӨӨڳµȺ򣬹˻ȥ

ӨӨ, 㿴׵Ҷ
ղ, Ҷģûʲô仯, źʶ˲ͬ
ӨӨ΢΢¡

ҶƳӨӨһۣҶüž硣
ٰڵ, ˵ڣӨӨƽһ, ȶ

ӨӨûҶĻӦֺһ, , ִһ˿˿ί, , ˡ

Ҷ˱ϵһۣǰɤ, ôе𣿡

ӨӨһ̧ͷҶҶûֻҧ¡
ݼ£²ҪɵУŻ˵¡ǹģҲûҪºɵ˼ӨӨ˵ʱ黩¹䡣

ٰ磬ӨӨһģ޲ߣȥ⡣Ǻﳤˣװʲô
ᣬٰ֪Ϊʲôʽ㶷ӨӨˡʽûʲôС˼ΪҲ򲻻˵ſϴʵͼӴ׵Ļ

Ҷ΢΢̧ü֪ˣ𣿡

£㲻Ҫɵˣղ˽࣬Ż֡˵ʱӨӨΪҶܻ뵽ѹ
ԼǰŬ֮˿Ŷר飬ȴ顣ڻ߶֪꣬Ǹʲôˡ˷ʡ˼Ҷٻת⣬鸴ȼ

ðɣȻ˵ᣬҾԭ»ҶͻȻЦ£⼸ҹѰԭᡣȻҲͻô˵ұˡɲҪԹҺͻ

ӨӨôԤķչһ

ԹӨӨ򴽣˼תתֻǾãΪ鼱֮£Ļ˵£ʵڹⲻȥ
⻰Ǳ̨ʱʱȴҶҶһ㣬ҪŻˡ

ʵϣӨӨʲôҶ䣬źüƿػŻҵĹܼȨ
о仰ٰ˵öԣܼȨԲҪܱӨӨ

ӨӨʣһĺѹӣҶǾÿӨӨϷ˼뿪ڼӨӨѹʱٰ˳

ٰͲǸƢˣԽԽ̣ҶȻҪӨӨƭˣ̲ס˳
ӨӨգ̧֡žž⣬ЩӦ

ʲôٰͨ檣Ҳֲ޺ͷĸ顣ڿ˵ϣʽ㲻Ҫᣬȴһٵʽ¡
ͣ´һҿǵǸǼͼӴףһʽͻ֣ܰѳֻҡԲԣ

ӨӨС˼ȫٰҴƬ̣Ȼٰ֪Ϊǵ˶ٰ֪Ǹǵġ
ƴҡͷǸġ

ٰȴţסӨӨ°ͣŮҼˣƭҿɲСȻ˵ǸǾ㷸˴˴¾͸ܷȥѩһʱʽԭ£ô

ڣ˵һʱǰʱӨӨһ
ӨӨˢذˣȥ򣬵ǿٰԼܸоַ˵ĸоȥٰǲưոݡ

Ȼдȥ򡣡˵꣬ӨӨߣͬʱѾʹɫѾȥš
ֻôһ룬ӨӨĲӿһЩ

ҶߵٰߣӨӨˣãҪǻ֪ôӨӨ᲻

޹ܽұӦ˵һʱǵ̥Ҳ˸˵㲻áٰ˵ʱӨӨѾߣæ˰Ѿ߸סȥܣҲ˭

ҶĬĬٰĴָ治ǾĹȻƢ˵㣬˼Ҳϸ塣Ǹլ֡

ӨӨòΪУȥ밲ûءɹҶõ˹ܼȨȥҶǰź

һӵʱ䣬ӨӨ;ϥҪˣٰڵп˿и

ٰһ߿ӨӨһ߽Ҷôóʽ㣬Ҹ˵Ҫйɡ㻹ǳҪЩԡӨӨˣͲǸöи̥֮ᣬһǸġ
ҪȡˣͶӲġǴӨӨҲô
̾˿ٰипԼҲ˵ˣͻ˭Ҷ˭ҪǶ㣬ǶԻҵĴ󲻾֮ɵ𡣡
ȻԻˣֻҪӨӨǰQֱ־С

Ҷˬ죬ŵͷлٰҼˣǰһŻڲϲ뷨ˡ

ͺáٰʽýȥĻοǰһһΪ룬ҵĻǺúüʶ㳤磡
ѵӨӨٰԼҲͦˬ
˵⻰ʱߵӨӨᣬ·Ҫεߵʹ˸ɫ

ߵӨӨǰذסӨӨ°ͣӨӨС

ӨӨ˲侪ѡ
ͷۻװӹȥû뵽ٰȻֱ˰ѡ

صūȰһ䣬ʵʵһʱȥҪˣʲôСۣǾͲˣūǹֳʲô˶İŹɲ

ֵһ˵ӨӨ֮ǰģˡ
ʱ򣬸յ֪ҶǳҲ¹ɺҶԸ̣ûʲôۣ㽥󵨡
ڽ֮ǰֻٰ֪ȴ֪ĸо

ӨӨĿˡ
ûָǺ޲ֱˣպ¡

һʱӨӨ۵վҲ÷ȣѾ߰ȥ

ٰ֮ǰҶԼˣһ̫밲
ôٰ꣬ھߣոҴİ檣Ϊ̫ߵý̫շٰ˲ٺô




34.   34    5

ӨӨͻʱ, ˵һȽű˻, ˵㾫񣬵Դﻹըһۡ

ϲ𣿡ӨӨص
ϲۿ, ϥȫ, ۿʪ, Ѿȥſں, ǽ, ȱ˵, , Ҳˡ

ӨӨʹ޵ؿǰ뵽⣬һʱǸٰǸø
ҲҶƵ, ٰһʼڳض˵

ӨӨ, ǻҲһЩҽ֮, ˵׺ܴ, ܳš
Ϳҩ֮, ӨӨӺ, ȴ۵˯š
һֱȵڣŵȵ

˾ƣЩ΢
ӨӨ, ŷ˵㱻۸ˣ˭ô󵨣ҡҡλνݣߵʱһ׳ͷˣһʱϣֱԷڣȷӨӨ˲ѣ㡭ôˣ

ءӨӨĵᣬ˵ȴϥǵˣ۵ñΡ
ӨӨôˣ´˺һᣬȻŭ˭ô󵨣Ȼ㣿

ӨӨ̫ۣҪȴ˵㿴˱ϵĴϲһۡ
ϲӻȥǸﶼˣɳתͷӣ΢΢ͷһɳȴģ˵ﻵ˽ĸ飬ٰ۸ѩһʱ

ͣԸǿӨӨʲôϵӨӨ˵۵ޥ̫ˣٰǸƢһͱˣٰǰ˵ʲôٰҲ´˺֡
˵ţˣ˰ҪȥһˣûҾͲջ

ӨӨס֣æҡͷ˵Уڳݲҡܵίˣɿɱȥ
ôܾôˡ㶼µǸҶ֣ЫˣԽ˵ԽϽ˾ƣҪȥҶۡ

嵽ſڣȴ֪˨ʱ˽ȥ
νҪ֣ȴߵļС˸æס

ǹЩ֣ҪڻҵİС˵ʲôҪ˵Ҳһô˵˶ǳ
һ䳤ûָһЩǣСק˻ȥ

ͷۣӨӨ£ֱȥӨӨʱҪȥҶۡ
ɵȻʱȴ˵Ҷ밲ȥˡ
һҶҪûվȣ£æȥѣҶ̫ǰ˵ҲҪ

ͬʱҶѾٰ
ٰ̫ĴϤƼˣæӭ·λɣ̫﷽Ż߶ء
˵ʱ࿴Ҷһۣǰټ½ûȷʵ˲١

ҶٰڴȺ򣬴ͷŴȥ

̫ʮ޽΢΢׷Ÿ̬ʮ㡣
Ҷٰһ밲̫ƼҶЩ⣬ݰôҲˣ
ݰҶķţҶ̫ʣֵͷ񣬡̫ٰ˵Ҫ밲öǰʱһŷ𣬱һˡ
䣬йŮ̧Žڣ觵ȱʯһ׼

̫ҶӡܵҶϾǳйעҶӡҶû֮ǰͺĸһǸʡ˲˼
Իҵ£̫һ죬֮ǰûܣҶԼϻҲ̫һûȥ֡Ҷһĳ̬ǰջңˡ

̫˼תתʣţݰ˲٣ɺã
һǰǰ㲻ãߵĲãҶֻ

ٰƳһ۽㣬廰һȥܼȨңҲͻʽᣬҪңǸҸˡ
̾һٰӨӨҲ˵ˡ

ֻ̫˵иȽϵóң»ӣȴ֪ȻܼȨһҡ
ǲǻʼҷô̫ŭתͷҶҶݲ٣뵽Ҷһӣ̾ͬʱʮ֣ݰ֪Ǹõģ˳ţҲе㳤ơ󣬿ǰǳӡ
Ǹõģȥ㸮úý̽εҡ

䣬Ҷߵлͨ˵ˡ
̫һû

ôæͬʱһֱڿҶ

ٰͰ˵檣ʵڳ嶯ˡ̫ȷˣòΪʦİɣ
ĮǱһբڣĮػԭ½ܱҵȹַԻ̫Ҳøӣð鳶ѿ

ͷһ̫˵£Ҷ˵ڣҶѾ˵ˡ
̫΢û˼

ûоͺãȻˣٰҲõˡٰ̫θˣ˵ҶŰѾ˵ٰȻ£ݰǰҵĺӣҲǰҵļ¡ţ۰ңܼȨ𣿡

̫ƽȴΪϲŭûĻš
ӨӨܼңʵǵ岻̫ã΢ӨӨֵһЩ͵

̫ɲɣҲ𴩻ǵΪݰãҺοҲҪ룬վңŻͣ룬ܴһһ𣿡
ˣ˵ĳһֱϥ£ɱ̣˺úõһŶ

ҳĺӣ˵ᱻż˻޵ʱҲᱻôᣬֻһӡ

̫һȻû𱸻ȴû亹ֱ
˵Ķ˵ˣ̫ûȻȥݰԸţȻȥɣ밧ҵĻ

˻ûӣû˵䣬ûҶ˵ϻͱ̫ȥ
ߵ⣬뵽̫ĻͻȻԼȥЩ¡
̫˵öԣܴҳŻͣ˼ͱ˵ҹܼҡ˾ݣԵ겻Һ๣ɱָôЦ
̫ļҶﱧӨӨȴ˰Ҷ£û£˵׶Ҫһȡ

ԽԽףȻӨӨҪ˼Լͻҵ档
ӹȥʱ±ˮʪԽԽ¡

Ҷ̫һš
̫ʹˣϲЩȥʶҶԸˣһЩøСҶദõҶʲôС˼Ϊһ۾ܿ͸ܸһЩ

ŽҶٰʱ̫һ죬ݰûʱԶٰһˣҲһЩ
ҶǳЦ˵ãյദҶ֪̫ǸˣֻҪ̫ʲô˵ֲԼ֣˾ܰæûҷǼˬ졣

ſʱٰԼҶһȥ֬ӣ˵Ҷ̫ؾӺܺãǺúô磬ӨӨҪÿٱ




35.   35    6

ҶΪ, Ǯ
ٰ˾õ֬ˮӣ࣬ȥ಼ϡ
кõ, ӦøԼóԺôĲǡ

Ҷعʱǰ
ս, Ϳվڳ·Ļ, Ȼڵ
ŷ˵վһʱ, ֻΪ

ʱ, жͷ, »ˣ
ǵ, ޥҶһô, ͦ˳

ȥԭҪ˵ӨӨ¡Ҷȵ

ӹһֱ̫˵Щ
ٰ֣뵽ȥô, ҶûжӨӨٰ֣Լ⡣
ݺ, ûȥӨӨǰԼ

аĵ, , Щҫ
, ȴֻ˻ҵ
ȷʵϲӨӨ, ӨӨǸ檣Ҷڶ̬䣬Ҳ

, ̫˵úܶԣҶ

ǽȥ̸̽

ԡҶͷ
йŮȲ裬Ҷصʲô£˵ɡ

ҡȽѹܼȨ㣬Ҫͬ𣿡

ҶйҪġ

ǲ
Ҷ̾˿ҵӣ͵ҸǰûգͰѺӱߣ˵ûкӻȥȻѾߣϲӣҲҪˡ
ڹܼȨԣҲԡҲͦãָ׻ؾܶ࿴Ŀ޿䣬㻹Ǳ˵Щ

û뵽Ҷô˵£ѾãΪλǲϽأ
ΪʲôãҾһҪأҶʡǳֲѰޣ£Ʋ

סǰ˵ʲôʲôҶᷴһóļѹʱˣʶطҶݣҺ
Ҷôʣһʱش𲻳˻ᣬվޥ̫ʧˡ

ҶŻ߳ȥıӰ૵ֺγǣ
ĽŶ£ͷ˱Կףһ˸͹£ú룬ûûŮָԺҪϣ
ض롣Ҷ뵽ԭĻǸǣҪҵٺ»ҪҸǰۣǰ͸Ͼûȥء

˵꣬Ҷڵ
ҩҲٶ˵ʲôȻãԴǲ̫Ը⼸գҲڹöˣﲻҪκɫ

һ磬ھ½½˱Կ׹
ûԹǹܼҸ˹

£˵ˣЩ㣬󶼰ˡʮͷų룬΢֡

Ҷ˰е˱ڵڣȴûϽ£ǰӹܼȨʱҿǰκϸڶˣô˱Ҳһһꡣ˱ôҪҪӺòУ縣һ𽻽ӣ

ͷһû뵽ҶҪˡ
£СȻǹܼңܶ¶ڹܣӱȽϺáɲ뱻ǣȥ˱ʲô£ų͵ﳤ
լ£Ըȥˡ

ҶһԲһ£ͷҲУȥɡڲУԸԸҲԣɸľСڸ㣬ҲһɣȽӺһҪ鷳㡣

Ҿһ̯ӡ
Ҷռ޹ʱҲûʲô£ɺӨӨͲһˡӨӨܼʱʱӡһСŮûʲô棬ܲϰٿ˵Ĵ塣б˽ң˱ҵúܡ
Ҷô˱պʲô⣬Ҳᱻۡ

Ӳֻܰ˵ù
˰ʱӨӨߵĴϲˡ

ӨӨ֪ҪܼȨʱһڣʱ˹ȥܼҲһ꣬˲ӣһʼܼҵ˱Ҳûãֻҹʰ˱Ķ
ʱֻܰ鷳Ļˡ

ϲ¡ϲﲡҲֻ£ūһ
ϲӨӨߵĴѾߣӨӨʲô£ϲ֪һЩ˱Ҳǡ

˾ͺáҶ˿ʼ˱
ʼһЩ˱⡣
ҶҳһЩ˵⣬ÿĿ˼£ͬʱȥѾֵ˺

˭û뵽ǰ˵ҶͻȻϲҶ֪ӹ̧˭¡
˱ӣһֱҶһȺ˲Ųòࡣ
Ժվʮˣ˱ˡһĹҶȴû鵽ӨӨİѱ

Ҷߵ£˱ڵϣӦ֪ΪΰǺɣ

û˸һش
ҶҩһΣһöҪһٹǮ㾩ĸµˣҲòôɡ˵Բ԰ֳ

ֳֵ£Żŵص£ǶӾǵļȷʵ󣬶ҵʱնҪö

öҩüԺﲻʮˣȴҪô༦ǻתһֻԼ𣿡
⻰һв˵Ц˳ƽ㣬һһóʮöһǼٵġ

ֳȷʵѼ۸񱨸ߣҲ˼Ҳû˷ѡԸޣŴϲǣǳһڲ⣬㶼
ڵϣҧѾز֪ô졣

ҶתͷϲϲһҪô༦𣿡
ϲҡͷȻûС
ǾͰֳȥʮӣȥˡҶ˵꣬ϾӶְֳߡ

ֳﷴӦʱѾϵſڣᱻˣ϶ຮطҪʮӣɾͻˣæ󺰵£ūȷʵ౨һ㣬ӣҲ͵а

ֳ⻰ͣ£תͷӡ

Ҷ΢΢̧üô˵

ֳæȿͷٿٵūȷʵ౨һЩӣǼҲǣһʼū澲дġʼūдô࣬Ҫһͭ塣ɺ﷢֮󣬱ūһ¸ʮӵТǮū֮ǰһһӶûУֻ˼˰

˵ĶģҶȷϵ
ū澶췢ˣֳūмٻū澣
УȻӲ̰ģǾͲҡҶ£Ҳ˴ӦôʮЧȣǵһϴģʮӾˣ̰˵ӽС

л¿ֳֻǻӣָҶͷֻҪõĽ

˿ֳӷûʲô£мĶģҲˣмҲֳһøӨӨô
ʣӲģҶǵ˱ȫȥӷˡ

ҶЩʱ򣬴ϲȫָֺ̱ţһܶ

˱꣬Ҳˡ
ҶŴϲϲһϣģˣҿɲ׶㡣Ĳûãͼôסĵط
Ҷ˵꣬־ʹŴϲȥˡ

ڵӨӨһֱûȵϲҶˣ˴ϸһ㣬ֽȥֻܸż
Ͼˣϥ۵²ȵҹûϲһҹûô˯ڶʱ￪ʼϻ

ֱֹ˵ֳ˶ˣϲڹգˣȥӡ
˵꣬Ҫߡ

ȵȣ˵ʲôֳʲôˣӨӨŵ

ֻʲôӦôõˣ¶ˡ۰£ǵɽ졣
£ǳЦҲ̫ģ˳谮ӦòЩ¡




36.   36    7+ĸ

ӨӨ̰Ǯ, ֤֤УŵúܣҶ
û취, ֻܿ޵ǰȥ˵Լңʮּ, ûǮ, ǶƲ

ȻӨӨ̰Ǯ, ӨӨһ, ½ӨӨ

ӨӨҪϲʱҶһ㶼⡣Ǹûʲôߵ, ӨӨŪǷǵıһֱһβ˱, Ҳֳһ, һû֪ӨӨûôһΪԺ̵棬û濿⵹ӨӨ

˱֮󣬻ҵǶ˭Ů, ӨӨԺӲ˲١ˣʱͷԾơ

ӹȥ, Įţ˵Ѿڻؾְ·, иұᵽǡ
Ҷӵ˻д, ͻò, ǷС

ĸ, ҶֻбƽͣС
һҶǳϲҶ, ҶദҶԲΪ̫

ڻ͵ĴӼЩԵռôľҲš
Ҷͻദ÷ǳ٣ʹؾʱҲѵü档

֪򸾿ҪǣҶʼڴˡ
ͻĻ£ǵҵֻҪҲͻԶܺ롣Ҳͬ⣬Ҳͬ⣬ǵĻ£˵㡣

Щ꣬ԻϵĲ÷ܣʵǵûϲ
һʱҲ滻Ͷ˻

Ҷ뵽ԭҰˣڱҵȹ£Ϊ뷨ֻտʼģ˴ɱ
һλʱѾһЩ뷨ճֳֻܱϻû

Ҷҵһˣԣûʲô

ڻ򸾵ǰһգ²ĻҶˡ

ͷŶëѩҶźãڵʱ˸ǷĵůյƵģһֱ˯

ˡ
Ҷ

ƺҶ㱻ŵһļƤ
ȿȡҶԻĵȣϾҪˣ֮ǰôЩ£ȻҪк£

ɫЩȻӲͷƤĸҪǣӣҪҪȰػס

á
Ҷܾøɴ䣬׺ĸ׻ȻȥݼȥסͲˡ

аɡҲֻԣӣѾҶȥǵȸǻ󣬿ɷȥ£ܼȨҲˣȥľȥ𣿡

㵱ʲôˣôйȥ㶼ں⸸ĸϲϲӨӨҲ̫С˰ɡҶ˵ֵ꣬ȥɣ˵¡Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪӨӨǱôǾԼȥŬɡ

ô˵Ҷ˵ںʱͻȻһ顣
һֱҶӡʼҶֵֻСŤҶܿҶûԽԽԶ
֪Ϊʲôϲ˵ѸİӨӨҲ֪Ҷԭ䡣

Ҷôˡ
һ֮ȫʧ

˹ȥ鷿
ЩӣûȥӨӨޡ֪ΪΣ뵽ӨӨ˽»̰ǮͺܱŤЩųӨӨ

ۿۡ
š

ɣҡӨӨʳйҶ˼㳢ҿԽ𣿡

ʶüȴ˵

ӨӨ΢ЦŽѼʳ˳ιȡ
ȴһ㣬Լͺá

ӣӨӨһֱڶ
ܺ¡
ڻ㣬ȫĳ谮̰ǮǸ£֪ԸСĵֺûǲС

ɡӨӨԹغһۿ΢΢ʪϿȥǲˣ

ûУҾеۡպһڼӨӨֿˣķ÷룬ϵǣæҪȥĺۡ
ǰɲģۣҲȥЪϢԸ˯ԣҲҡӨӨӨڻϣؽʪ䣬صɣˣ

ӨӨüƿӨӨû˵Щ֮ǰ£ǾͲҪ˺𣿡
ӨӨеĲͷ͵£ڣˡ

ӨӨ˵ļֻһڣ뵽ջȥ˹Ŀ
ޥҵţ

~

ҶһȻһǽˡ
ſڣѾԱڵȺ

һܿԶɳĮĶˡ
ҶվڻϣϴսʱԶһ

ȼϣһѣһȥʥ

ϿҶʵĻǼ⡣
ûϲ£
ҴΣ
ɺã

ÿһⶼΧƻҺͻȴҶòá

֮󣬻ӭӻ
ϣæźɣǺ٩٩̸Į¡

ҶԸԵֱ˵ʮźƤƷ

겻һŵ𣿡Щ˺ƤĹƷҲ࣬ҽôˣ
˾ƣɤЩ󣬡˵ɺأԹƷһЩƤΪĮ̫䣬΢Щʿѥӣͻ˵ء΢ŻϿ϶Ӧˣϲ΢ɣ

˵꣬ȫ
˽ùƷǴˣǰ˵
ڴϵ

ҶϷֺǣϵĻȴŵòС
Ҷ֪ƤǻһԣϳͷԽϺĮʿĹϵϾƤǸʿǵ䣬ԼһûҪ£ϲΣԺҲԸ󵨡

˶ڵȻϵķӦ
ϴӻջĿ⣬ĮʮʿΪҪǷȱǣȻǸʿ׼ѥӣʮҲʿѥӡٴӹֳһЩƤëȻĮʱһȥʿǡ
˵꣬ϾٱͱϵĻʺȾƣٵȻĴ𸴡

һŪĻ̡̻

Ҷͣڹʱһޥôǻػң
Ҳ棬ֱϵ˵Ѿعһ£ϵüͷǺôĹӣͻȻᵽסˣ

ҶֱҲûȥǰ߻򸾵
ݺһϴ˯ˡ

Ҷûҩ㵽ǰ£ˡ
ϸǰˣǵϵ˼

Ҷֹ²żǹʹˣҲΪҴ
ֵ˹˵ĻҶó
Ҷһ㣬ԭ裬ֻѭ򽥽ô˵㿪ĵ˵á

ֵ˰ʱŵҶ
ҶЩ£Ƿ˵һջظȥһˡ

Ҷ˱ϵһֳۣ֪ˣ͹ȥ

̫ˣūѾ˰ʱѾˣ¿һ㡣ִߵ
ȴһ֣еµ£żǵõǳ
ҭסǰû֣֪̫ˣǹĸؼңҲеز𣿡

ʯףִ̧һ⣬һˣȻ˵ءԸĹأ𣿡
ֲǽ֣˵˶ơ

Ҷֵ̫ﰲҹܼҵˣֿɱ㷽ŵĻǱ̫ˣɲһܽ

̫ˣŵȶˡԭΪҶǰһû뵽̫ˡ
ֻһ⡣

Ҷһȥڡ
Ѿ֪£·ҶλЩ̫һ¹ȥͺãǱ߶ͣӹУ̫ʵϡ
ǰ̫ͺ˵ˣҶ̫ҽ¹ţҶСһʱġֿóҶн

ʱϣŻ档
ҵĹĸ

Ϻİ꣬ϱţСһţۿžҪˣӨӨæĪ£ĸǼͰ׵ˡ
ؿӨӨһۣ㵹ǻ˵ĳЩ˰첻Ӱ

ӨӨҪǸæһЩֵÿУÿնŷܿЩ
ֶ࿴ӨӨһۣᣬӸϲ

ʱҶˡ
ҶҲӨӨղŵĻЦŵܼææֲǲ֪ܼȨǰЩӲŵǰ𣿡

ʲôϴ󾪡
ȻǺϲҶҶϾޣû˭ҹܼң˵ȥҪЦ
ϸոնӨӨǵøûˣҶ٣ڸӨӨܼҵ£ӨӨԸҪܼҵ𣿡

ӨӨæ£ҡͷ˵岻̫ãҰæ
üæǰæɹ˵ڹܼҡܣ͸ҹƵõúܣתҶܼ£ôһ

ֲֻĴҶӨӨ
Ҷĸֲǲ֪ӣ˵ºͣҪҽܼȨұǰﲻԲȣⲻŪԼ壬ĸٹҲô
£ҶҲᣬרӨӨʹ˵

ĬĬҶĴָӵġģн

֪£ŻֻһӣҪӨӨͬˡµȴҶѱ˵
϶ʱҭס뷢ˣȴҶ֣ϳ̫ǰˣȥ̫״Ҳ뱻˿Цȥ˵ˣȥ¾͹ȥˣò
˵ţϷ»ᣬһӶѣҲûʲôϡ棬ǵ£ȥһ¼Σǲ𣿡

ҶЦЦúͻ˵ȥ˵һ͹Ҹ
ϵɫһҶȻѾĸףҾ£ˡ׼ϯĸ׺͸ϲķˣϣϲ

ϻû˵ãҶתȥˡ
ȿҶıӰĲյʲôռŹͷ²˼Nɪ

ᱻŵ۴ޣӨӨ嶼岻ס
ҲǣΪǸʶȤģȻҲǸլﶷޥôԶǻҵĶϱ˼ˣȥɣ뾲һ

ӨӨӺͻЩԶֺϣɸյһûҶˡ
ʱӨӨÿһֱޣȳϵԺӣ޿޿ޣʲôÿ޵ģĸֲ㡣ôô̳лң
ϲ˵̫࣬æѵ˵ˣأ

ӨӨ߷תʲԸػȥˡ

Ҷӻһȥ󣬼ٰ
ٰΪ¶Ҷڵ˶ˣˣôô˵ҷ˵ԽԽѻֿ֪𣿡

֮ǰ֪֪ˡҶ

ɲʲôͷٰΪҶеģ˵ģ£ǻֶԻҲǣ㣬ô죿

Ҷװܺ£̾ôͽ̣
ٰת£յҶߣĺݵ㲻ѾϲôȻˣβһ㡣ֶԻҲ϶ܾˡ˵ĻҲǶ˵˼Ȼˣ㲻ȥռһЩ֤ݣܰﵽ֣պѣҲܸһɡ
ٰ˵Щ飬ϾҶȥңЩҶ

ҶҪٰ˵⣬סٰ֣Ŀ𣿡
Ȼԣ˲Ϊ𡣡ٰҶģЩΣΪһˣԼĺȥҵģĵȥռǻҪԸң֡ǻʱû˼šи׼Ǻõġ

Ҷԥؿٰ˻ᣬŵͷ˵ãýҿɺá
ȻԡٰҶ˵ã˵ԸҶһЩˣȥҶ顣




37.   37    8

鷿, üףô˽۹Ʒأ

Ƴ˴һ, Įʿÿÿ϶ֽ, һ㹱Ʒôˣ֮ھǸ, ΪЩĮʿر߽
, ǲھĸ̫, Ѷˣ

ףⲻǺѶϵ¡˽ºͻ˵, ڹ˵, п϶졣뵽ɫסģ, ¡
ȴʲô£ӾҪ˵ôҿж硣ʲôµģĮûǻ, ˭ȥפأ
޿֣ôȥ, Į˲ѪЩӹÿ, ͢ûǿ˿ۡԼ뷨, ָ͢, ӱ

̾
ڶ, Ϊҿ, ѾûĮٽʱ硣˵ģŮˣȴѻŪôҡУޥӵĶ岻ס㵽ڸʲôȫǵ˵ſЦ𣿡

ޥһˡεѾãģʲô취ڹסţҲʡġ
ߣ㵹ǿÿû˼ܶ£óһͼ

һۣԾⲻǾǵĳǷͼ𣿸ôУ
ҪʲôѵġӦڻǾ˵˵ǵıô䣿
ʵ͸˵ˡ

ڻҸ̸ʱҶٰѾߣŶͨˣʵʶǻṦġ
ҶŰܰ׽ãǴҩȥңǾ͸ɨݣȻûסݣǸӻҵġճҲʲô˹ȥҲҵǡҪǣ˹򶼼ãҪСĵС

·ģū澶ǴС㿪ʼѵС¡ܰ
ţǾͰˡҶ˵꣬ҩŰܰȥҡ

Ҷڻ꣬ӨӨܼңҲԼһЩڻҡ
ֻҶ̫£Щ˱͵һЩܼȨҶУֿԻԾһ㡣

źðܰã֮ļգͥУҶΪճӷˣȻҲҪȥ͡
ǰֳϣҶ̫գۣ⼸գҶĴȥ
ƫͣǳǳһЦˮĸо
ǰҶϲ޵Ĵ磬ڲһˣ˵ľˣҲͲһȹױݾ¶ˣվǶǽ㡣

չעҶͬһʱȥҶǲؿȥ
⼸ҶĴ磬ȷʵ

ҶȴûпúÿΪԼġ
вٸôױ˺ÿҲһһڣûյĹ򣬾˾֪иױĺա

ٰʱҶױ
ǰô֪ʽ㾹Ȼôõգٰ۾΢΢̧ͷҶױ

ǰҳ٣ҲͿȤҪҵСҶٰͿ˿ٰ֬һױϺˣƣɻ⣿

ٰģ㣬ҶױݣβƺЦ⣬Цʱ˼ֽģٰǿģʽ㣬ױַһҪң
ȻԡҶ󷽵

Ҷٰ֬ױȽϼ˵òʱֽˡ

£ڵŴ밲ˡֵ
ٰüʡ

֣ʮ壬Źأÿһʮ壬ȷʵҪ밲ǰûйܼȨҲ谮񽫾˻ˣٲԸҲù밲

ǾɡҶе֬ЦŸлٰԴϴðҽѵ֮͵ࡣ
ͺãʽҲһң㲻ʲôٰм

˻ᣬӨӨʹŻ
ӨӨʵʵû˵ҶӨӨĸ󣬱ǻȥӨӨȴûߡ

⼸ͣӨӨȴûлȥңûʸҼ͡
ʱᱻ˱ȥѾ˵ЩСԻᶼģ顣
˵ʱ򣬻ΪΨһӣӦøֺòǡʵϲûУӨӨ뵽֮ǰ˵ֻаѻҶ£ԺŻá

£Ҷ΢΢ü
ӨӨŻͻȻ£¿

Ҷٰһۣҿʲôˣ
ûУҡӨӨҡͷ֮ǰͿΪһ˽˴ӵǰ̡ˣӸһӶˡ¿ɺͻҵϣѴӼ°ɣ
ӨӨᣬתӡ

ҶЦҪҪŰѺӱȥȴҪҵ£µıܸıģ
˵ˣ£պǸǸأ˵⻰ʱҶ

һԵٰøҶĴָӦ˼ӳһǡʽ֧ο

ӨӨȻԼԲֻ˵ֱ˵ûҶ
ҶôһʣֻܲΡΡصǵԸӣȻá

㵹Ҷ۽ӨӨĻᣬ˵ĺŲҪİǣ׸ҿûôӡⶫ˵û뷨ҪҲġȻĸӷ룬ҪһӵĿ̱һ߻˵˵㣬ҲҪĺӡ

ӨӨڵ˭˵

ٰҲͷȻ᲻ãԸŰɡ㣬Ż׽ء

ӨӨ꣬Ҫٶ˵䣬Ҷȴȥ
ֻܲʲԸػȥ
ȵſʱȴ˻

˸ʳУӨӨʱϵЦ΢΢סʲô
ʮ壬Ҵ밲ӨӨۿᣬڵ£¾ܾˡ

Ǿͻȥɡ˵˲Ը⣬ҲˣУҲи
˸׵ѣᣬ󻹻ӣǸҪĵӡûҪΪһӣȥҶֲ졣

ӨӨΪ˵æӣû뵽ʹ˷˶Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴ̧ˡ
ŻıӰӨӨǣ֣

ĸףۣܵ
ӨӨæ֣½סӣҵĹ㸸ײ㣬ô죿
ĸ˵ʲôССҲסĸף˵Ҫȥǡ

ӨӨаʲôۡ
ԴҶع̬ȾͲһˣȻǺϸ΢ı仯ܸоõûǰôĻ
ŹķӨӨ˼

ѾҶĵУһЩСʳ˵ڽϿŶҶԵģϣҶϲ

Ҷ˵˾лڲϲ̫ĶˣЩʳҼǵҸԡ

ɫͰˣٰڳܻܿǰһ𣬵ỹסˣǵ񰮳ʲô
ҰԵģȻ˸׼ˡҶЦе˵Ҫ£Ҿܾˣûɣ

ûҡͷҶ˵ҪٰţԱ㣬ֻܰʻȥ

ҶٰŲɹ֬ˮۣȥ¥ϯ
Ҫż䣬ºҶ˼Ʋˣֵٰࡣ

Ҿ¥±ˮóԣڼƤн֭飬һֱٰʿˮʽǰ̫ڸ֪ĺö⡣ģɲԼҲкôҰǹݣҹǣôʹôʽҲöߡ

ҶǳЦȷʵ֪ɶģԺͷöҡ
Ȼٰ

˵ʱҲˡ
ǵĶ࣬Ը϶Բ꣬ùŮҲԡ
㷹ɫҲˣҶٰھ¥ſڷֿ

Ŀٰ뿪ҶŴ
Ҫ߹ȥ֪ܳһˣҶܹҶײҩҶס

͵ҵ壡Ҷæϵˣ׷ȥ
£û°ɣҩĵ
Ҷҡͷûʲô£ĸҵ壬С˳ˡ
һֱţ룬ϣǱСˡҩü

˻ᣬѺһʮҲһҶ塣

ССǴ죬ȴֻ£ЩѪӦǸղűˡ

Ҷӹ壬ۣûʲô¡
ôãٿʱֳһ.ССﵹǴúʵһ㣬ȴҲݡܵҶǰͷģ˷ŹҸɣ̫ˡ¥ϰ˵ǰæϴ룬͸ǷԣǰǸϳ˱͸ȥ٣Ҹͷˡ

ңȻţͷˣ뱣á

Ҷ˵ˣҩЩӸ꣬ССͲҵ͵˿ûãõȥ˭գΡСķϣҾͲǼƽϡЩǮȥԵģͶȥɡ

ǮҶ
û࿴Ƕãôع

֮ļգҵˡ
쵽ϦﵹԽԽࡣ
ҶƸøȥԸճˣ԰￾⿴顣ҲûٺȥǼҲˣ粻

ֱʮգҩźҶʱ˵ǰ
ŷ˵ÿնϴĻǺܵҪʲôҲش𡣡ҩŷ˵Եģ˳ԵҲ˵Ƕڽ䣬۰Ͱ͵ؿǵĸš

Ǯú֮ǰһҶ۾ת£дŲµһЩ˰Ǵɡ
£𣿡ҩʡ
ʹʻûʲôòáҶ

ҩȥԸ󣬵Ҷϴ꣬ŷС
Сûôɵӣɴ۾תͷ
굹ûֳȣǺ򶨵صͷ

ǰЩӣҸǵǮأҶʡ

첻
СȴϽӻȥʱϰ˵ǵǮ͵ģǵǮˡ

˼ǲˡҶѾµ𰸡

ʱͻȻ£һ£ĺããֻҪ˸һڷԣۻԡ

Ҷ࣬˵Ҳйأ̸£Ӧöɣֻãأ

˵һ㣬Ҫȥξ

ξˣҶʡ
ʮˡָҶͷˣֻҪãɽ𺣣һˡ

ɽ𺣾Ͳˣҿ¡Ҷȥξ¡Ҫ֪ۣȥսͿԶز
ѾֻвξδսϣżҲûź˵꣬ʶ¶Լţæͷ

Ҷͷҩ˸ǻ׸ɾ·С￴СԺ͸¯ɡλСɾӣȥ
˵꣬תͷ꣬΢ЦһεӿɱŶ

жᣬͷ˴£û
˵ţմһҶͷҶԸҲܼ

ᣬ˭Ҳ벻ǰСգ󣬳ΪĮս񡣲ⶼǺ󻰣Ҷʱûôֻ࣬Ӷѣ˵㲻ʲô




38.   38    9

ת۵˳Ϧ, ĵܵĮسǣϦֻЩˡ
ʱ, ҶŻ

Ϧѽڣû˻Ҳʹ죬һٷ, ҶҲɡ
, ҶŹ׼ȥ, ȴĻס

ˡǰ, һ߰ɡ

Ҷ£һʼû׻˼, ȷӦʱ, ҡͷܾ, ɲһ򡣡ָŲԶվŵӰЦ㻹ǿЩȥɣȻҪˡ
˵, ҶĮ뿪

ҶһعϾǳϦ, Ỻһ¹ϵҳϦѵãҶܾ
ӨӨͻȻ, Ҷ־ܾ, , ӨӨʱ, ûһۡ

ӨӨѾüûȵޣȵȣɻȴ, ܴͬʱֺܲ⡣
ӲͷƤ׷ȥڰغɣôˣ

ͣ£תӨӨЩ죬ŲõӨӨ֪ϲңֲֻһŮˣҪ÷ִ磬֪𣿡
ϣͷҲصˡ

ӨӨվԭ˺һֱ紵ȫɴϲţѻȥ
ϲǲǲˣӨӨۿնеһжõһС

ϲȻָоȴֱ˵룬ָǽ鲻̫ãҲƼˣǹǽǨŭ㡣
ôǸޥӨӨҧΪʲôҪûǸöã
ǸͷԽǿҡӨӨ뿴ޥһ춼ˡ

һߣҶص󣬼˰ܰ

£ū澷ֻоǵĳǷͼȻͼ֪ѾԽصΪܰóһӣӺ͹ģʲô֮ͬ
Ҷ˿˽ԿαĹȻú񣬵µ·ӻܿһЩͬǴģ

ܰҶߵи°ȫӣūǸŻȥãŷЩӡЩǻԸɿģǱ͸ģǳĴ
ҶУ˼ȥ㣬ˣ£Ȼػҡ

ȰܰߺҶ˼ҩȥ

ѾЪˣʱЩԸǹ֪˵ˣҹ϶¡
æϵ󣬾ͱڵ

Ҷԥؿ֣̫ˣ̫ǻҪͻͶϣãҲ졣
Сذ˳֣㿴

ְӷ¿һᣬŷǷĹ£ֶĶİ

Ҷ˸ƣֲ꣬Ҫ̫ӲҵģҹŴĮ
ץסֵֵ֣ʮֽţ֣ҲǸ֪£ʵڲ֪ô죬ɲԽ̽ң

ǳҴҲ֪ڱĮһʱ᲻ԻҶ֡ȴϺ̫ԻҲѾá
ǰ޴ҶС£֪𣿡

ҶҡͷǻҶϱҺͱ˵
ģΪûǣƻң롣Ҷۿʪ󣬡Ҳжʱ䣬˶ҵ̬ȡڻҼôãÿһնܼѡ£Ҿ飬±޹أҲ뱻ǣ

Ҷ˼
ûһĴҶġ˵ص˼ɱֵҲôġ
˼Ƭ̣£ūҪĹϵҽţ˴治顣Ӧð¸̫˵̫֪ˣ󲻹ܻΣҲܻƽ

Ҷȵľֵ仰ãҶֵġ
ֵͷºûϵ̫ģ̫ǸһˣỤġ

һֻȴ˯š
̫˽̳һҲΪڻҵӦ
룬ôҪ£ǰ֣Ҳүһ·

˳գ磬޵Ĺػع硣
٣ϸܿиӡ

ҶͻͬһȻ˻İӡ
ͺ˴𣿡Ҷ٩

üͷ΢šͷ𴦣ԸҶĻ

ͣڹſڣ
Ҷ󣬿ٰǰ棬һȥ

ٰҶûҩǴ֣Щ֣̫࣬ʡ
ǽΪٰĹϵҶȸȥ̫󡣲᲻˵ʱҶû˵

ÿ궼࣬Ҳһ
ȴҳԵòе¿裬еȥϷ
̫ϲϷҶٰһһҸȥϷ¥

˸̫к̫֪ҶҪº˵ȥרŵӣ˵Ҫ¡
ҶҲŻᣬ˹ȥ

Ҷóӣ˵˻ҵ£̫ɫˡ

Ҳ̫ˣ̫ӣҧôЩ꣬˵òãҪǮΪĮʿ࣬ЩҺͻ϶ƽϣȴ󵨵ǳıӵ뷭˲ɣ
ҲǲҶ˵ҵǮƺͷŶ˶壬ȱκζɶ˵İȫӡĸ󣬶˼ȥûӦú˵Ҫô죬治֪

̫Ҷ֪ҶǸûģһҶҲӣ˵򸾣ô£϶ûҶ˵
ᣬȥ˿Ͳˡ̫ͺͻ̸۹ҵ£Ϊûȷ֤ݣҲûܽλãһֱλ֤ˣǸ°֪ˣڻҼѣҲڻǺʱüװŲ֪𣿡

ĸġҶϵͷ

ɾҶź̫һǰһȥ
£Ҷ̫ǰкΪԺҳ£ܰԸժȥ
Уһֱûʲô˼ˣȻҲᱻ۸׻̫ǵΡ

ӹҶͣڹҪʱͻȻץסϸ۵Ƥĵϼĥۡ
Ҷûʲô

ޥ㵽ҪҺֵʲôʱ򣿡ڹϺ˵ƣӹ絽ڣҶǰӣʮջ
ҲҪ㣬ʲôأҶ⣬֮ǰΪ鷳ˣȴ˵ֻͨԼŮ˲Ҫô

ǰһ㣬𽥳ȣʲôѵ֪𣿡
ȥףһٵغʾãȴӶޥǰҵϲѲɶǼٵģôû𣿡˵ţҪסҶ

ž
ǳһ

ҶƿͬʱݺݴһڻӨӨҵʱҾ͸÷㡣ȵڣǶˡȷغ˵һΣҲǲˣӨӨֺ˭һ𣬶ҡ
´˿ҶŻƣ㻹ǶԸɣһ鰡ģҲӣ

Ҷ
Ҵҽ˹ԸŷҪû
һҶ˵ʱ˯š

Ҷʱ֪ĶӨӨġ

ҩҶױʱֻǰҹ˾ƣϲ󣬱ѧĴһ׽ڴִ󣬱һ⡣һͰѴϲ̧檡

ҶȵϲԭǸ뷨İƽû
ʲô뷨ҩмԼȥҪǵģ̧檣Ҳһȣûкùӳԡ˵ˣ̧£ûͬ⣬˵Ҳ㡣

ҸﲻͬءҶֵÿϷҲû̫ģǰһ˯˴ϲȴǲҪܿϲӨӨʹ̨ѵð
ҩȥ׼ȥϲ˵Ժúźˡ

ҩ£ܿףӵŴϲǹҧء

ӨӨȷʵϲòᡣ
ϲ𣬾ʹߵĸûϲΪ˵檶
һ죬ҶϲǷҶ

ˣǼˣ
ӨӨޣȴûע⵽ſڽϣһƿóҹȥϻȭŹ򣬽Ҫſڡ

ʲô󣬲õ

ӨӨϵȻѣæµݼˡ
ϿӨӨ޻üһѾߣźôܴȥĸޥ񣬵Сø˸ͷһѵˣ㲻Ҳλ

ִӨӨϡӨӨȴֻ£ίԴӹȥԽ裬ƶʣֻǴϲ׽Ѿߣʵû뵽¡

ôľѳۣˡϲϲӨӨҪӨӨ£˵
ҺͽձҪĮߺ󣬸עһ㡣رޥජһ㣬úãٲĺô𣿡

ԸշӨӨᣬףһ˶ʲô紵ݶһдŸ

û˿ãӨӨһӳһ㡣ӣЯһҲӦ

Ϻͻߵգǵ⡣
ҶվеĶУûʲôоؿԶ
Ȼظ˳յŹʶֲ࣬Ҷæҩ

Ҷ󣬱Ÿ
ּ㹤һ֪ǰ顣

۰Ͱ͵Ҷڴ£Ҹдʲô˰
˵ϳɹξ˽˷ˣΪͣǧ򳤺ϲ㲻õġҶת

Ҷ˵ģһ䣺
ͷչ㣬ʳ

ֻҶԸţûתһ仰




39.   39    10

ҶŻ, úţԺʶˣٿ
Сذŵ, ɬصûѧѽ

ҩ񲻺˼ˣȥͷ, Ҫѧ, еĽǶ, ֻҪѧ, пվͿԽ㡣
ܸڳźĹŮرļ, Ҫ, мԺõ, ʫҲһЩ´ࡣ

۾ˣлҩ㣬ȥ¯, ǵˣǡ

ҩĵ, Цźӵ, ͦò, յҲ, ǰӦò
ͷ̫, ǰʳҲÿԼȥƴһ·Ҷǳ

ʱ÷ɿ, ¹󣬴ůİѩһƬֵ̣
ѽڣׯ˻¹ӣҶüŮ׼˿ӣ㿾ԡ

Ժںÿӣ¹Ҳرơ
еĶ׼áҶֻеųԡ

Ҷų¹ʱּҴҽҶǰ£ڵĴϲ̥Ѿߺһţȥء

ôģҶʡ
˵ǲСĳ˺Եʳϲ˵µҩɴûʲôüͷ壬ʵӣϲӨӨøǶûܣ˵ϲ̥ûüѣǲˡҪҪȥ

ҹȥˣϲҲáҪȥϲӨӨôãú˽ӨӨȴӨӨнգҲӨӨ³ҶԸȥ£ȥⷿõ㲹ҩôϲúŰɣȻû֤ݣҹȥҲǰ׷

˵ãСѾⷿȥ

ҶڹʼΣҶƨɣ㲻ˡ
û˻ɧţҶøڡƽٰŹ䣬ӽ̫˵˵Խġ

¹ܿ쿾ãҶ˵һ飬¹۶֭մһϸΣ˼ζ

ֹʮ죬Ҷױ־ͽ˵ϲ밲ˡ

ɡҶָԼķ٣ҩŪ˿ˡ
ҩŪϲҲ߽

ϲ£ҪᣬͱҶͣ

û˺ӣҺͬ㣬ҪҸǰ޿䣬ˡҶûʲôؿŴϲûҵ֤ݣҲﲻ㡣

ϲҧס꣬˻ᣬӵ£ȷʵûҵ֤ݡ֪һ£º͵йء

Ŷ˵˵ʲô£Ҷüʡ

ϲߵҶϣСһֱģڣͻᵲ·ˡõһҩֻҪʱ˷ãķ˥߶

ҶʳסУҩĹŮ֣ʶӨӨһֱûҵᡣ
ԭԭһֱסڻңӨӨܶҩ
Ҷ˹ӨӨѰ쵽ȴһֱϷ

µ棿Ҷʡ
ǧȷ˵ѣ׺䣡ϲġ

ã֪ˣȻȥɣһġҶ
ϲ޲ӨӨȥּһ䣬£ɲܷܣһֱмޣ

ϲӨӨ±ҴԸ֤𣿡ҶŴϲ
ϲӨӨǰźˣӨӨʲô£ϲ֪ϲ֤ԸҲãΪЩв롣

ϲ뵽˵Ҳһ檣Ͳý谮Ҫиɽܻȥ
ϲĺݵԸġ

ã֪ˡҶڰ֣˵Ķ˵ˣʾϲĿ¡

ȴϲߺҶҩߣ˽Ը˼䡣
գҶױͷҩ䡣ҩͣյĻֿʼԺŮڵź
ѡ󣬲ѡ

գǱȽϻ˵ġ
Ȼҩֻڵź򣬿ɺö˶ãϲҩˡ

ڵӨӨҲôΪ
ĻǵŪ˴ϲĺӣⲢ뿴ġĵ˻Ҷ
˴ǮŰŵҶߣӨӨȲҪ֣ٵõҶһЩٶ֡

ҶҲյиöĳԵĸףǷһѵǮǰͻȻծðһԺӡ
һҶ֪Ծҩ

Ҷ̤ʵһµĻſʼ֡
붬ʱҶ㾭Ҳʲô

ΪˣŸҸӨӨźţҪϼһ档
ӨӨ¶ڣһֱûϵյϢʱҹɫȥˡ

û˵ĸ¥档ӨӨһյ߻谵㲻Ҫϵôޥ߶ǾˣǱʲôǰ

ģʮҡŵѾڵµһµҩµԽԽˡǲǸøһǮˣ
ԸӨӨ£һǸ׵ĶծҪ˻һ׸ҪԼһǮ

ӨӨѾǮҪǮЩֻۣóһƱ㡣
üôһ˵ˣüĿٸ𣿡

˵ǵ³֮󡣡ӨӨüޥֻ岻ֲҪ˺һǮġ

ƲƲ죬˵İҪǵãǲǮʱǾҪˡ
İɣҲġӨӨЩļҶǺõúܣȥҲ֪ʲôʱӴҩҲ̫á
ҲСҲ

˴Ӹ¥뿪󣬶±֣Ҵ뿪ˡ
˭û֣ڰĴϲ

մϲȥ˹˽ºҶ˵ӨӨϸ£ֺҶ

֪ˣӨӨŽġҶòŰѣ´ι磬Ҳˡ㿴ӨӨһᴦ

ϲüͷֱԭΪֺҶҶмıǵС㣬ó

ƽ¶ѣҶǴӸߺˡ
գҶ׼ѣȥˡ

ٰʱٰ˵ҶѬЩأҶЦЦûӻ
ڹֿסɲˡ

翪ʼҶһӦꡣ
ȼ¶ǣٰȥѾƣ֪ôˣźȼƣһȥ͸͸ɺã

ʽ㡣ٰ

ߵ£ҹٰźã䣬ȴʽ㺰ͷۡ

ãͷۡҶŶͷʹࡣ
ٰæǻǽȥɣз磬㴵øʽ㣬áʽôˣ

ٰû˵꣬Ҷ˹ȥ
ææ

ŮŰҶ̧Ĳ̫ҽܿǰҶЩɻȴûʲô
ֱ̫ҽҶϵѬζЩŨͷᣬŷֲԾ

ж˰̫ҽŵ

ʲôúõģôжٰ˼ȥ̫ͻ

̫ͻϵ̫ҽ͵ȷʵжûдֶԶҪ½ӴŻӰ졣ϵѬŨΪڸǶҩζֶҩζܵѰֲˡµȽϴҲ΢ζϳҽ꣬Բϴ

̫ҽ˵ģЩɫˡ˴Ļǵ¶ĴȲ뿴Ҷ
ҶֽŵģֻҶźˡ

Ӧʱȴô¡
ϵȥ飬ŻҪһ˰ѻŭ޺úõһãȻᱻ˳¶޵Ҫôģ

ʵϣҶûʡ
ֻװΡ
ֻε̫ҽֳô󶯾
ڣŵȿϷ




40.   40    11

ʱ, µġ
Ҷ¶󣬸ס

ôأɴϵҶֿɫ, ͨ£˲ѣʡ, ΢治ô¡


, , ͶԻر, Ҷ£ÿ, ص, Ϊ, Լķ˱¶ͦ𣡡

ֽű治֪Ҷ¶
ȥ꣬ҶĴ, ṫʲô¡

ϣԴӰع, ΢ͺͳ¶, ΢ȷ֪ͷŵذ, , ĻŵҪ

ؿ˻һ, ͹Ȳ

жޱȵˣȺ˸ǰ, ˵ʲôţرˡ

ͬʱͳ˵˹ͬʱѻҸΧ
ͳ˽˹󣬰źǶȴӸҶȹտʼ顣
һ飬þͲĶҩ

ˣһǼˣѲַдƱ
üĿȥʡ

һСŮộʮӣгӨӨ

ֳĶӨӨѾ߽ѣ˵һȺٱץ֪²ãæʰܵİ
ͳȥץʱӨӨѾˣܵõճԺӾͱץס

ͳѳĶҩӨӨһ˻ϵǰ

ҶӨӨˣʱۣôˡ

ٰæҵĺý㣬㱻¶ˣ
ô᣿Ҷ󾪣㶵ؿٰתͷŵĻۿ˳£ŵʣ㵽ʲôˣ

ҡʲôûҪͣӨӨͱ˽

ͳ˵ڹķ֣ҩ̫ҽĲ鿴ȷҶϵĶҩһ

ӨӨͷһؽôƣŵֱ߶㡣
ʮӣſڵֱӣ૵صԸū澸ɵġȻū澾ĵӣҲҶԳҩ

ӨӨ⻰ƴҡͷ
ס䣬ɣûôضݺҡԣݺӦǴϲҡ

ž
ֶ̧ӨӨһ⣬ᣬʲôˣϲǮûһǮͨ
ˣô㣬㾹Ȼִ治£ȷ¶ĺ󣬻뵽ľǱԼȥ

ӨӨ򵽷ջؿʼۡ
ôͰ¶ˣ
벻ס

ҩ˵ˣǼӴҩҲҪЧҶȴε
ӨӨҪ⣬ȴ֤ȷ䣬֤֤УҲˡ


ӨӨͻȻЦĿɨһȦˣעҪˣȻҪͲҴˣִҡ˴ңʲôأ

ʣӨӨΪҪô
ҪʲôҶ㣬ϲҲֻǸ⣬һҲҸĶûٰ
ȥҪʲôҶ㡣ôΪز

Ǹң˻ȥ
ӨӨŻ𣬷Ҫˣ˵ʲô˵ˣһûߵĴҪʲô֪
ҪȫȫذңһޥֺҵѾ߸һ飬˵ʲô˼Ȣ檣Ҳûгѱ߲ݵĵ
ΪҪôΪʲôѽΪֻҪޥţҾԶ檣ֻǱƲϵӡ
ޥ£ޥǲͬ⡣ôģǰ̣ɱΣ

ӨӨԼˣеҲס
Ͽ۴ɫ԰׵ҶѾӨӨ·ϣ¶ˣͺǸһնǵļˣйģ̰⣬Ҳƿ޵ĽɽҪ˴æ
£ȲֵУȻӨӨſڱտΪ˶ӣǻҲˣȥɣ

ӨӨĶӣͬʱҲǻĶӡ
˵꣬ӨӨЩ϶֪Ӧ޹ġ϶ԻҲѾãûˣǶԻҵһǨŭ
ԴˣʲôԹԡ

ӨӨϲȻˣ˲ɴ۾У޹ģ
ϣ꣬ھ;δҲ̫ء

ӨӨ챻ֲڵضסȥպҪն

ûӨӨʱ

Ҷʱû뵽ﾹȻ㺦ҡ
ٰͺ˵ˣӨӨǸˡ֮ǰϵҲ

һ䡰ûϵĿתƵϡ

ܰһ赽޷죬ҲǺñ졣䡣
ǻĮʮȨϽվͷ˻

Ϸæͷ˵ң뷣΢Ȼ֪ҲʧְΣ𷣡

תͷҶݰǿ˵ô

Ҷҡͷֵģڲ֪ôˡ

Ȼˣʹʮӣ꣬һѵ
ӣջײײ򣬵𷣵ͬʱҪʻв

ҡͷ΢췣лϿ

Ҫ˵лл̹Ҷûʲô£ܰѻѵһ٣ãǰţǾȥӰɡ

ȥϰҶ䣬ȥǰ
ٰ̫¼Ҷ˵

̫ڴ֪̾н£Ҿ͸ּ㡣
ڹ£̫ˣǻ̫ߣһֱڹ

Ҷҡͷ˵û£ֻģž̫ãܵĸ˽£ѾĶͣѾѧܶࡣ

̫˵Ҷܴ󣬷ŵĻʵǿףûʲô£ǸﱻҲһ㡣
Ϊٰڳ̫󲻺ö˵£ֻ޸ǿ㣿󲻹ܻΣضʮõġ

̫仰ҶĲ١

ڹϢһᣬʱҶͻֿ

ֻҶҩҩ֪ӽװεģ뵽³̲סһֱЦ
Ȼصִ˽źҶжױϤֺֻҩźġ

ҩ̲ס˷ܵ쿪ۣôֿ϶֪ϻּҲءˮһգԸʹӵǰ̡

ֻ治֪֪û뵽ϻǨŭͷϣ϶ˣһһΪıͷȴѴӸˡҲ֪ӳ󣬻᲻
Ӧǻ޵İɡҩ˼˵ӣôҲǽӣȲЩŵӣȴҲ̫ԼùһЩָдΪںˣҲûͷ֮ա

ֵͷ˵ǣôһ˵
ҲЦҲãӺ͵²ףԸûǰ̣Ҳƽơ

Ҷͷ˵ǡ
ԭĻǸǣԭĿĽ£ȴԭ
ã϶һּ⣬ܻܻ֮ܲᰭҶ¡

ҶڣڵĻȴǴ
ʮ壬ƨ۵ѳɼֻ̧꣬ſš

ϲݵʱ򣬶ŵеѪζ
ҩʱݴ¡

ҩˣŵۡˡϲãӨӨӦãǣᣬջ񡣵ڻǰֳϲãʵҩȥ

ȵȡۣ㣬ӨӨҪ¶£ǲ֪ˣ
ϲæ£治ǰȷʵ£ϣɺͬˮ֪ءرûĺڣҶ޲·

ü۴ϲ˹ȥʱ䡣ϲȷʵӨӨ
ˣȥɣ⼸Ըͣ㣬ź뾲

ϲ⣬Ҳź˭Ҳ֪ôƢ
̥Ǽ£ϲ׿ˣûκθ顣ڻһп޵ůߡǰŬ裬ӰҲˣ籧ĴȸáϾֻǼŮˣˣ϶ᱻһߡ

ϲ˻ӣСȥǸӣöȼ

պӨӨҪն
ڿͷǰһգﴫϢ˵ӨӨҶһ档

ҩЩԥ˵һֱ߶˵л˵
Ҫ˵ģ޷Ҹǰ˵ϲչ˻ᣬֻҼ䡣Ҷνضͭüһֿܣģֺαȥμһ棬ֲϵù
˵öԣôңûҪȥ˵ûõĻҩͷ

ӨӨҵȣûҶ
¹͸ʯսΣ֪Ҷˡ

Ǻǡ
ıȴһҽӨӨЦ

ҵĸ׶Բס㡣ӨӨ뵽ּ⣬ľ۵
꣬ʲôȴҪǣӨӨڲûкҩʲôˣܼһ档

ӨӨڵͷײǽֱѶͷײƣҲͣ£ΪʲôΪҪң
ǹнգ
첻

飡
ľţûҹĹǺʲôҪȥ˿ɻҪţô޺ñô˯ʵһ㣬Ȼյ̫
˵ţţ档

ӨӨײǽˣ͵ڵϣһǻԹ޷йۿտյţᡣ

˴գʱӨӨˣûܼ糿̫
˰ӨӨʬ.̧ȥڣ㶪ˡ




41.   41    12

ӨӨ, ûҳ˺óһʱ䡣
򸾲ûؾְĮ֪ӨӨˣûʲôо
ϴ˻, ˻ǰ̣ʱˤеĲյ

ĮɳһĴѩ, ߵѩа˸, ȴů͵úܡ
ˮڵ, ȵĵذյð̡

æʰĲյ, üǰҲ̫һ, ӨӨºûϵ, һ鷣, Ȼ;ô죿
һӣûʸ̳лңû;Ǹ, ԻҲûá

ߵϾǹѹ, ֻĳͲǺ˼ּ⣬, ôҲ±˵
ɤŴ, Ҳ±, ˵޼ɵ

ϻЩ, ѻҪôҿǶˡ
Σ޿ֵش˴, ˵ϣȵ˻ҡôȥȵۼݱǻҶúõġֻǻĮû¡
ϵͷ˵ǣ̾ǿϧϾǵһӡ
ʲôõģǻҶɣӲƾٳͷպһ㣬ӵĮ˵㣬սȥ빦ʱϸҲӦ𣿡

ϴѹû̹ܲ
ȻϷҪûǰ;ͺͻϴ̨ƫҪ̧ٻᡣ

˵ˣ¶С¡յҵţ˵꿪Į
ϵĵǱ;ڣǽǹǣô죿
ǻ±ҹ𣿡¶ǱҸҽ˻ṥǣǵʮ򾫱԰һʣ˷ģǵʵ࣬ҷڵġαҳʮ㣬ԸøɽʮöԲõġ

ľ⣬ձֻżȻ򸾵̸
˾ܶǻˣ˵Ҳû˼

±֣Ҵ뿪
ǸϵĽĮѺݡ
ξһ꣬书ӣսʱӲӣشӸСߡ

ĮϱߣҲǱ߾ս¸һЩģÿ궼֧ԮĮһЩݡ
ҵ󣬰ѷĶ˵ˡ

Ŀ࣬ףֳ°͡
ееԥҪҪ˵Ϊ棬Ӧ˵

˻ᣬ֣߽һ㣬հ㲻㽨ҵô¾һ·
ʣ뽫ͽ̡
ս٣ϺѿĮһʵ붯ȴһֱҶĮңս²ϡȷʵܣϲòѹɤӵƼ㵽ĮԸ⵱ˣ

ϲҶѰ˽ߣĮ˼ĸһ
￴ƺͻϵãʵŻϣĮʲôϢ󲿷Ҳϡ

յļ򣬡ĳҪǵĮĲŸɣضһɾ͡գѵãԸ𣿡

üͷ壬й˽Ըӳá
룬صͷһжģ

ã⣬ҾͰټȻԴ󣬵ϧ˲ţġ

ʵϣ˵һһʼ꣬յһԺΪǧ򳤡
ձĮˡ

ٴνӵʱϲûдյĮһرƽ

¹ֵһʢġ
ȣҶڵдñҩȥͤƾš
Ǹûãˣ˵˴¡

Żţʲô°Ҷõ

ͷǺżúܣȥ֪ˣĮˡ

Į£ҶŷеƣǾ͹ȥɡ

ڽУյżĵһӦҶ
ϾʱֲֻܽܰҶ̽һ

վԺһֱתҵȣſҶԶԶ
æӭȥô

ҶƳ˻һۣջرôɹȥңͷôһˣѾѵá˵ɣʲô£
һ˵ҶǰߣȽˣͣ¡

ĸţ˵;ΥԼҪˣȴĮĮѾʧǣ˵״ȥǰסҴĹͬʱĮӦҲյϢˣ½̽һ£ϵĿڷ硣

ҶȴҲסѰսܣô飬Ҫȥ̽ڷ磬ǻʲô£ȥ̽̽

ĮսܣϱȻᷢŭһȥ̽ϢͷײôҶǹʹãŶûС
ԭţĸȷ˵ǱҽͻȻڹĮĸ׵ĵǻ֪֪£òȡԲߣҲܴڼеŰɣȻǳҲǻҶϱǻ˻Ҳܶ

Ҷ̾˿װźΪѵӣ˵öԣΪҶϱҲʲôĮ߽رأַôζûɹΪƫƫξͳأ
˸Ҷֵ㲻Ϻ˵ʵҲûϵĮ꣬еʧʲôֻҪܻ˱ңû⡣ǲ֪Įڵʲô

öͷֱðҶһذ֪ʵ飬뵽ĸ׽Ҷ˵ʵ
ԥʱҶӣߵſڣȻҪȥ̽̽ҾͽȥһˣҲ̫ϣ϶ûռҡ

ҶԶȥıӰͻȻЩΡ
û˵ʵҶӦһʱЩܡ

Ҷֱȥ̫޹
̫Ѿ֪Įս£մӻǶ

Ҷ̫ڵȻû˵ʵĳ顣һΣǻҳ˲Żñлɳˡ

ߣȷʵҪ顣̫ɫĮᱻ֣Ϊ˱ɽŸ˱һᡣ
һֱҰĲͼĮýԭ½ȴһֱûᡣһϵＰʱ֧ԮĮҲҪˣ
ָųҵ£θҺ˵

ҶֱüĮصס𣿡

̫һ֧ԮĮиյСʱסҺ֡ڣλѾȥĮ֧Ԯ£ȼţεսƽ˵
ܣ̫ٵЩӣ㿴һµתˡ

Ҷͷ˵ףǶңҲûҶ鷳˵ҳ˻Ժӣطѿˡ
Դϴĸ˵õİһֱ˶š˳һʮ壬ȥáתӣô࣬ضбȽϴ̡

̫οؿҶȥ֮ǰˣ㶢žͺãһδ˴ĮҲµ˲ţսƽ󣬻ϱȻҪʼҡ




42.   42    13

Ҷӹʱ, ͷס̫
ҩ̧ͷ£, ӦҪˣǿЩȥɡ

۵˻ңҶȥ˻
ûܼ, ̫󡣡Ҷ, ̫˵, ûйȥô, סĮҪġĮʧأҪ군, ҲҪֹսĮɹסҵ, ЩҲԲȥܡ

, ̾ҾͲµ̫˵ǱȻ˵Ļ
սȭͷ߷ߵ, ұǣ, ضɱУң

ٵʱ, Ÿսɳ, һʱ
ɺһͻ, ھ, ҲҶڻҡ

ٴ̾ЩΣЩԥؿ, ΡûܳŹȥиʲô£ܲտ
Ҷܾϵˣ͵ͨӣ𣿡

Ҷԭ˵ĺӿûǸȥǽϿԸʩһЩǮƣ߰Сæ
ɻ᲻һҲ˵ڵĻ᲻ᰴ鳤󣬹ƾǻӨӨĶӣҶ

ԼĺӣԼúɡҶûʲôҰѾˣ˲̫̰Ŷ
˵꣬Ҷתˡ

ȿҶӰشϻڵϡ
˵ҪĮɻε飬ð˳סΪĮߣҾ.νĮô˶ţϿ϶֪

Ȼĸ˵ƺĮƣϢ¶ֲõԤУΪʲô֪
˼ȥﷳ꣬ȣȥ̧Ҫ侲һᡣ

Ҷصȴ鲻
ֻҪĮսƽǻҵùӡ뵽̫ᵽյ֣Ҷеǰ

У˵ô𣿡Ҷ
һֱϲҶȻǳ˵ʱһӶûУʵֻǰŻ˵˹٣׶æҪʱŻдŸҡ

˵˹٣ҶŸȷ̫˵պʶһˡôб£ҲӣҲֵá

֮İʱ䣬дĮӼͽ
ҶսҲû
ֻٰ֪ͨһЩϢ

֪ĮӮս£ǳغҶ԰һЩ

ֹ˰£ĮݱȻأǳɹսʤҵСյĴ£ֱ山ҶǶȥ;±ǳأǻֹͣ׷ܳ嵽Ҷǡ

յݱȫǵƺһ
ֻлˡ

յţ˵ĮȨһ뱻ƿأлϵϸ
ȻĮս½һε£û׽
˵ʵǻϵˣǲѱȨҿҪʹ˸ûѼе˵ĮڳһׯһЩӣͬ˵ĮûҲһȥĮ

ԼҲȥĮʱʲôˡ
Įϸʹ˱֣ȴҪԻҳ֡
ǣòˡ

췴ҪǮҪǮ
ΪҵճӣûзԲûһȥĮ

˵Įս¸ƽսɨɾ󣬻ϲŻᶯ֡ջཀྵ֣Żаµʱ䣬û쵽Į
ȻĮգǻ췴֮ʱ

길׵֮ԭá

ôأ
˵ھǺܲˬҲûû׻췴һա

ԭ˼˰죬ȥ
ȻҪضǵ򲻵ѵʱ̣ھǣֻΪ׵׸һҲùʹ뿪ָܺ͸׹ͬɱһƬɽ

ú󣬿Żڵλһ㡣

°֮ǰԥˡ
ҪҪҶһߣ
ͷгʱһ££ԼȻῼҶ

ˣǳǨŭҲһôͻȻɲ٣˰

ͬʱֻܰȥҶ

Ҷһ˵£֪Ҫˣæ֪ͨ

ð±ͨġ
һţҹͨ͵һεԺӡ
Ժڻ棬ѰһϷסǻҰſܵˡ

СԺ˳ǣȳǣٸ̶ӳǣ·ûôգһ㡣

һ׼͵ȴһӳǡ
ڴ֮ǰȥҶһˣ˵㱣֮ĻҶȥٰûܼ

ʵϣҶȥٰǴˣǱСԺ
ȷϻ˻Ҷ˿СԺ

СԺݵ¹󣬾ܵڡ
˽Ҷ׽ˣҶԸȥϢˣ½ܵڣ͵Ȼʱ߲

ҲҶһһʹŻᴩܵСԺ
ȻӴݳӿһȺų

ͳѽڻӱߣүǱֿˣԹ־ܰɡ
ᱻŵ۴ޣŻĿȣҪؼҡ

Ծ޷죬ס֣ͳ죬֪ģ
ҵãƽûܽ룬ҵҲǻѡڻ߶ģֻлˣ͡ˡ

ǳ˵ĸ֣־òܣԣ˼򵥣а֪֪
뵽˵ϸʣ֪Ҫǲǣ

ͳ첻ش𣬶óһţİóӡ£ϸºȥĮ
Ƿּдƽţ߻Ѿ·ձᵽĮȶ
һȥĮģͳαװĶ飬ȶ鵽˻ľӪȼըҩһټľ.ӣ

༸գԺίһʱ䡣ͳޱ

׹ѣ
ǧ㣬ȴǱϰһ
ŵ͵ĮҾҪˡʹϣãҲҪһԡ

ȵȣɲҼһ档˵󣬡һշްնͳæתһ飬ͺ͵˵ô꣬ЩԺ˵ԸҿԸдһݺ顣պ󲻹ΣҲźûϷһ·
ͳ쿴ۻͷ˵ԡ

Ҷûѳɶ֣иı䡣
֪Ҫд飬ͬȥ
ûк飬ȻҶͳ˹Ѹ˺飬ڻ֮ǰ룬㲻ǹѸ
ȻֻһͷҶԸΪȥһҲٵʲôԿùӡ

ǰҺúõʱ򣬻ϲͬҶͻ룬ۿҪˣҶְô࣬Ͽ϶ͬҶ롣
õ飬Ȼá
òҲûϵǮƵĹѸҲһ

ҶյСԺﴫ͵͵سݺ󣬱㿴῿Żڿޣϣüͷ塣

Ҷԭ۾˲ˣ㡭˰




43.   43    ꣩+̽ɵġ

Ҷͷ, ˰ѻᱧȥֻͻʱ, ߵϡ

¡͵͵غһ䣬ɤеƣ⼸ûϢá

ҶֱƤ, ΢΢, ֱӻ, ʹļ׵, ΪҪأ
˿ػ, ҵǮͼò, ɱͷĴﰡ

Ҷʵ, кܶûҶ˵Ҷ϶֪Ҫ˵£֪ĮΪλᱻ֡
öԲҶصʱ, øţø֪ͳȥǼٵġ˵Ҷ, ܻ˱ۣϾǳ, ӦûŹ

˼ת, һֻشҶļ, , ӵ£Ǹ׺Ϳˡ
£ߵҶǰ, µˣҿ϶˻ҺôĮʮ꣬Ͳ˵Ҳ塣Ƿ޹꣬ҲɷҰӡ£ȥ͸һˣ

ҪҰţҶװµ

ѱץ֤ȷڴˣضֻܲǲҾʹţøϴ𣿡ͷҶôûйı΢Ҷ

Ҷӡ£ԥյӡºĻϷ𣿡
϶ͷģǿӡ£ʲôס£Ƿ޶꣬Ҳ뿴Ҿʹɣ

Ҷӡ£ᡣ
Ҷһֱò⣬óдõĺ飬֪Ѷû˰⣬ݺ鱾Щд㡣ڸҲ٣£ǱûϵˡҶȻй죬Ҳйõʱ򰡡

Ҷӡ߬ģɵصͷðɣҪҰӡȥ
Ĵ̣ƹ˵ҪƹȻסһ˵ꡣ

Ҷ飬Сصãվ㡭Ϊ֮ɡ
˵꣬ҶҪߡ

£
ŵſڣֽסҶ

һǾ仰ԼĺԼҼ룬ҲûٰǰӡҶ˵꣬Ժߡ

ҶѻĻתһͳ죬ٰӡ½ͳ죬Щǻ˵ģʣµģͽͳȥˡ
ͳӹӡ£֤һѻҰ׮γɾ

Ҷءšһʻš
ȼ̫Ҷսʿ˳
Ѻݸ̫󿴣ʹĸ󣬻Ϊ˻ȻúƭҸšΪʲô֪˵յӡ¾ͻϷﶼҪҵȥһ

̫Ҷ޵ģ۵ѡҲΪģȻд˺Ǿ롣ҳûкöɣ

Ҷ޵ʣҡҡͷĸ󣬾һ£ҲԸټˡһڹʱ˵˵á
ҶΪ̫ô࣬¶ܹ˵ȻҶټޣ̫Ҳ˵ʲô޲ˣԺҶԼȥѡ

̫οҶҲУйٺ»аҺţٿɫǸһЩгĵˣҲҰңһΣһúðѹء
Ҷͷֿʱͣסᡣ

Ҷһɣ˻õ顣ȻȲ壬Ҳûʲô˼ġ
صҶĲؾơҪúúһ١ΪҶֻҶҩ֪Ǹ˵ġ

Ǽ尾ȴ
֪Լɣڴ֪ҵϢ
һոһգСԺߵ˸ҲûٴϢȥ

ôȥʮգȥ
ûԼݣ߳ԺʱʣҪȥΣ

㵽˱֪ͳޱ

ǣŶӣȷʵΡ
߽εĴţ۴ޡ
ӣ䣬ͳǰߡĳԤϡ
һᣬͳͣһǰﱻסֽŵĵɴ۾

Ϊλ

ͳѻƽУΪʲôԸ죬һӾʹһ飬˵˵ҳ
εźͳˡ

ǽǣȶϣˣѵۿ»۵¶صʹ㡭֪֪㺦ȫˣ

ҡͷ˵֪СģȴǱϵϸ֡ޥϢ

ʲôϢͷɢҡͷ˵ûУ˸ӡµļţʲôûյǰ֪ӵĶǻϵ˼ٰ磬ԻҾıλһ档

ȷϲΣɴ۾ǵģޥӡȥţҪ˵ĻҶӡǲûյǡ
Ȼ뵽ҶûĻȥ̣ϢȻҲĮ

˺һ㣬ԭأᶼ

վžž˻⣬ǺͿӻˡ߳ϸ֪ôҪ齻ޥ㣬Ҫޥ˵ʵ
ָǱĻˣЩˣΪܣʧȫ˶ҪˣޥͶ⣬㻹ޥܾȻңͺ̫һ

Ϊ˺Ϳ
ͷޣǻңҪô

ĸ׵Ļˡ
㶵صӦðޥˣôģ
һᣬͻȻЦˣΪԼ޴еЦޥôھҲûãصǻҶ̣һҲʣ

ӾٰĶ飬˻Ӫƭ˵׷ɱںϺٰѿװӵϽҾӪȻŵʱǵȼըҩըپӪţҲը˻ȡ
Ҿû˧ͻϮмܲס
մʿҾӪܿȡʤ
һңҲѺͻؾǡ

ϸ֤˵Į㱻ƺ󡣳һ˸ٰ˵
Ҳûأôд̣պն
ͬʱϻӷΪｫ֪ձ佫ҳݺְƽ͸լ

մӹʱûȥʹ͵լӣȥá
꽫Ϊһ棬յʱЩŮˡ

Ҷҩյ裬ȥЦźյʱֻ֪ܶ飬нôı¡ӣǺܻ㡣

ٴκҶ񣬡΢ͷ³ְæݶ飬ջһӡʲô£ܷԸ΢޶

ϲĮôغĮǶı𡣡˵ʱҶͣס˵ˡ

񿴵磬ۿʪ󣬹ס磬磬Һ㰡
Ҳ˼ãó߲٣ɫҲ󣬱֪ڹòøҶ

㲻ô˻ңҲҴæҶЦҲӦˣȻȥϢɣûӦ໰Ҫ˵

֮ǰָҶͷлٻϲظŸˡ

ҶҲһ㡣
ȷʵôҲճ˴󽫾ȴǷһ飬ָԺõ

ӻұ̺Ҷûš
»Ҵڷ˼⣬ȴɶûУ˿϶Ϊʲô
һֱȵնգҩҪҪȥ̳Ҷ־ܾˡ

ͷĳ̫Ѫ.ȣǲˣȥȥСҶ
ҩͷ˵ǣ˺飬ͻҲûϵˣԸӱá
ǵģԼҶڴ

ҶȻûȥ̳ȥʬ̫˵˶ˣæʬ˿ģԵ̫顣
ʶҶˣն׽󣬰æѻ˵ʬ˵ˡҾʹˣˡ

Ҷ֪бˣΪʲôֻٰ֪˵Ѻ̳ʱ񲣬һһЦ
ٰ˵ǻһã㹦ȻҲĿ޷̫ͣҪù

һҶȥɽΪ̫Ϊǿƺ쳾ֻҶԼ֪ȥ棬ʡÿγţ˿˵ҵ¡

һҶصʱҶԻҶòࡣ
ϸҶָ࣬Ҷʹ˲ء
ҶԸ£լӺ̣ǧĶأһ㹻ӻ

ҶǮֵ̫ϲʼЩ뿿λ
Ҷ壬Щ˶ûģ˺ȾƣȥС纹Ҽĵһ档ΪǮƵĸţûҪٵһϡ

ǺҶ̽ҶΪβټޣﻰⶼᵽ硣
Ҷտʼе⣬ȻȹգռĴָ꣬ʵûͷ

ѽҾֱ˵ˡزס£Ҹô
£Ҹ˵ƷõĹ֮ǰΣԸúĹˡһʼΪλῴϳϸһ룬ȷʵҲûбȳõˡ

Ҷ΢ȣǺѣǳĮĽ޸գضһ׮
գȷʵûʲôоϾż˼Ρ
һΣĸš

ͦõġӦҺףᱻ͢󶨳ɸĹϵҲٱԼͺܺáԲ˭ףҶܾˡҲֱ˵ҲټˡҶ
ϧ֮ǰҲ̫ͬ⣬ϾǾͼΣЩڴģһ͸ֱ˵ġ

ȥ󣬾͸дţ˵Ҷ˼
յ֮󣬵ûһԡҶ壬ҶȴԴи˵
ҲãҶݣҲȷʵʺϳסĮǶҶĻӦ

֮Ҷÿ궼յյջؾְʱҲһȾƣһ˵

Ҷû˻̫ͻϾҵ£ҲûҶټ޵˼
ھңһֱˣߵĺҲڣʹÿ궼Уһ˸Ҳ
һΣһԲؽˡ


̽ɵͯ.ϱ1

֪帾
ƼݣãȻ˵̽ԭ䣬ǿЦ
ǣ̽ɺǧϲӣôؤŸӣǻ


ߴӵҶۣ㷢Լһլſڡ
լдˡ𸮡֣˺첼ϲ֣Ӧڰϲ¡


ҶӿտգͻȻ϶ŵһСкҲùС

ҶԴԭ顣
Σһͯ.ϱ

ԭʮ걻ңȪͯϱ
мĶԭҪÿոµظɻɹܵģЩ׵Ƥɹֲֺڡ
ȪʮʱҸĸǳףȪϲԭ

ȪسǶ飬¥ϸƤĹиݵԭ
ҸĸȥȪֲᡢ粻ܿдǮѧѡԭڿظɻҸɳ˵ҲɣһֱȪ顣

ȪϿԭڴȪܿȡܿྡ
һֱûȵȪ˵ȪѾ˹Ҫˣԭš
ҵȣûȵȪȪ£Ŷǡ

ɸյǣͿȪӭνֵĶ顣
ԭɵۣŶ嵽ңȴסؤ˵

ԭԭߺ󣬲ģնȪ
ò׼ȪȴȪ䣬Ҫǰ̡ǮߵԶԶģҲҪ

ԭڶǸģСܣӲȪ¡
ôȥ꣬ԭʵȪȴˣҪӣԭǽС㲻ֲ檡

ԭȪȪĿ£ͬŶӻȥԴˣӳ˽СĶӣֻǶߵһ֡
ӱѹֱ֣СŮȪ̥ᣬСطָĺԭĶӡ
ԭϳңͷﻪ ס
ԭһˣׯ£ŵԻˣԭңÿոľżһɻ޻

ֱʮȪͷ׷˵͸ף˶ģһֱԭԭԸԸٺһ
ԭȪĥӲ£ԭȪȪȥˡ

ӽˮĴҶ飬̲ס

ΧȺûɢҶڳҶʧķ裬°̽ɣôܻһؤˣиĶӣ˵Ц

ĸ׸ǰüˣǲ˵ĸף

Ǿ˵ôˣ
԰ĸ㲻Ҫ˵𣿡
ҿǾǿ̽ɳףһǮ̽˴ֱɵԭˣҰͷĸӡ
ǣһƭӣƤ湻ġ̽ԭ䣬ǽ̽ɺͽСˣСǳҡЦ󷽣


Сͨ죬ҲŴϲԸĸ׳ʲôῴ
ɸײĸӣ˸ǣССȭͷס޲ܳҺ͸ۡ
ڣҴŶȥҪһȺ˳Ц
ۿģίޡ

ҶŽſڵļҶľӰóһŻ飬Сſ
λף˵ؤȷʵؤ硣ΪʲôأҶᣬΪ˹飬ûûҹǮһϼ롣ŷкһ㣬ҵȣȴ˷Ȣ˵Ϣ

С˵ԭûó顣
Ϊó飬֤ʵȪƭңԭʱȪĴϣŪȪ

Ҷ޷ģһ꺢ӣô뿪һʲһҪŶȥؤ
ȻȪʣҲ塣

ҶŹٸӡ£ɱαҶ˵ţ§סС󣬡ҿĶ㸸㶼ҪˣĸӸô찡

˿Ҷ˵Уǰ˿飬ѣ黹û١
ҿΧ˹԰ϵļ֣̽һѲ⸾˵Ķģ

ܰɣģ̽ѾͽСãǽСǳҡҲ˵ţε黹ûô˵ССˣ

С㣬ȴңҶֵˣȴĳɿҵˡ




44.   44    ̽ɵͯϱ2

Ҵڹﵱ, ӺȪͬ˽ʿȪ׵Ů֦
ǽ֦ҶĹȴȪƭ˻顣һ, Ҷ֦ͬϾڳɻǰ֦֪Ȫԭ䡣ǽ֦Ϊ, Ҷǲݡ

𸮵С˶˵, ʶֵظæһ, ȷϺ, ææȥӡ

Ľһ磬ûΪҶĵܵӰ, Ϊ˭Ҷ, û˾ȪҶͯϱ

𺣳ռŮ, ãȪƵʱ򣬱Сһԣܲ, ʲôҪ͵͵Щ˵
Сʵת⿴, үСۿдŹү, Ҳ, Ǹ˵ĺġİ, ΧǸ˿ڡ˵˵ǹҪɹүСˣ

ž
𺣳С, ʹСһƣϹʲô, ҽҹҲܼΪ檣
뵽С˶˵ģ߻ô˿֣𺣳ƫͷｻȪȥǸ˴Ժø˿ʡ

С˷ɿӸܳȥΧԽԽˣҶˣϲ£Щϲ͸ҳԡ
䣬ȥϲǣϲʱС˵Ҷǰ΢ЦλˣȻ˵Ǽҹүԭ䣬Ǿͽ˵ɡǷֱҪ̸˵𣿡

Ҷҡͷ˵УһŮӣǽǽң۸ȥȥءү˳ɣС㻹ûϽŻˣɱƭȥС

Сɫһ٣Ҷ̫ʶȤô˿ţֲܶˣֻǿЦŵˣ˵ЩҲûðýȥү˵

ֲǽҵˣȥǴô죿ϾҵҲǡҶƳСһۣУ㲻ôǿغЦ˵ˣȴҪ΢ЦЦ̫ѿˡ
㻹ǿȥǿ˵꣬Ϳ

ԭ߸ɻҪɫɫԣӲǰôеƢСʶԽСˣҶӲһЩ

СɫסҶβֻٴνȥӡ
𺣳ҶôӣǺߺߣҧˡ

ڽ𺣳ʱСˣȺơ
𺣳ͣҶǰӸµصǻϣأҿ

Ҷѻ𺣳ְֹѻãžͺã¸㣬ѻˡ

㣡
𺣳򴽶죬ô˿ţ̲ס֡
ֻһۣȷϻû
һʱ䣬緭ɽ

𺣳ʶȪѧʣ֪Ȫδ䣬㶯뷨ŮȪȷ⣬ͬŻ¡
ճףͱ¡

𺣳ɫְףһû

ˣ㿴ˣǲӦһԲߣҶŶվ˹ǽС㻹Ը޸ȪҲҺȪȺ룬ȻҪ˳Цģ˵Բԣ

㡭Ը룿𺣳Щ⡣

Ҷ̾Ȼ̫룬ҲҪ޸ȪһŮӣ˶ӣﶷù鸮ôȪøһ˵ôЩ꣬ҰҹǮ飬˸ӡȻҪʸ֦ܾܲȥ˵ǰɣ

𺣳˵ǣ־Ҷ˵úе
ǰΪҶǸ֪ˣ룬Ҷͦ
Ǿͽ̸ɡ𺣳Ҷüͷزͷ鸮۸ĸӣú̸͸ҽȥ

Ҷǣסӵ֣תΧ۵˵Ϊ֤һʱûӽ𸮳Ұȥһˡ

𺣳ɫˣȴκβҶֻҶȥȻҸˡ
һӻװ׵ĹŮȴȪƭˣ޲ðȪж˿顣

ҶŽ𺣳˽𸮣ƹһûʲô˵ĵط
һϺȪˡ

ȪҶ˲䣬㽩ס
ڨڨؿ𺣳⡭ô£

𺣳ûȪ͵سȪһȭͷȪźȵľƶ㻹˼ô£Լʲôѵ֪𣿵Ƿ䣬Լ˵ûУ񵹺ãԭŻҼҽ֦ô죿
˵Ȳ𺣳ֺݺݵشȪȭ

ϱΪҶ˵ģһڣ˹ȥ

ˣѾ߷סϵ

ϱ𺣳Уѹ죬޳ҵүⶼʲô£
ָΡΡָȪָҶΪβЩ߸ɴ಻ҪֳҼҽ֦ˣ

ҶȻǺա

Ҷ̲ס˸ۣתȪһŵȪΪ㹼Һѵθɻ𣿻˵ǰĻˣ

Ȫͷµģ𺣳˵Ҷ˻֪ҶɽҵĳᱻŪ
ߵҶߣҪǮͿԸ㣬Ҫ˺òãˣֻͯϱϲ̨棡

ʲô
Ҷһ㾹Ȼ˵ϲ̨棬ΪҪǮ飬ΪҪӣ
ȻңȴһҵģȪ˵Щɷǹ棿

ȪҭȻ˵Ҷ˶ǿ˼תתЩǮҸǡ
תСˣȥһλϡ

ҶͷҡøˣۿؿŽ𺣳򸾣ˣˣ˸ľˣΪٻңպôܱ֤ԽáΪʮֻ꣬һĴ򷢣ǻҪŮ𣿡

⡭𺣳ȷʵԥˣͷˣˣȪû붴Ż£硭

аϳңع̣żصͽ𺣳ûɽ֦Ѿͽ𺣳ݹˣǾʹ˻飬֦Ҳ޲˼ҡǽҵĹҲҪһȵѽ

Ҷֻʱ֪ȪǸУΪάϵνŮƣЩ˵ԴҲ˹ˡ
ʲô治ҲûǸȥԤֻõǮٺ룬Ͼȥô꣬ʲôҪ

𺣳ݣǰȪãòģҲãҼûеҪضŮҲáû뵽ȪǸƤĺ꣬ҪӲˡ

ʱѾˡ
Ǹ𺣳ٵүˣѾ˵үˡ˵Ⱥ͹үãǹүˣֻҪүһһԹСҲԸ⡣

𺣳һҲ˹ȥ֣ҽҵĹܸС

ȪԸ޸æ𺣳򸾹£ĸҿԶ췢ģҶԽ֦ʵ⡣ϽŵʱҲ꣬ʲôͻϳףҲǵ֮뿴ҳףΪ˳ȫТҲŲòӦ

ҶȥֻΪТΪ˺

죡
Ȫǵ˼ֱҶҲܻڣ׵

߷ſ˫֣Ȫûĸףȥٻд˺ԺҲҪˣ

󲻹˸ߣȴظͦø߸ߵģĳҪס

Ȫ˾䣬̧ͷҪҶŶ㿪ʵҿĺҪ㣬ԺˡأҹôϹˣ

ҶԽԽԽԽġ
Ϻͽ𺣳ȣ˶һۣҧүȪٲãҲͽ֦á̽ɣҪķֲڹٳȥȻ֦ԸޣͰɣȪҲôһһԽ֦á

𺣳ŷ˵Ļ̾
ǰʶ˲壬ȴҪŮĻ£һڣȴŮȪҪǵ㷽ŷĶġ˽֦ұضҪ

˷ģСһѽ֦衣Ȫ֤

Ȼˡ𺣳תͷҶĿ⸴ӣϣҸǽٸһǧźȥԶ뾩ǵĵطɴӦ

ҶʲôûУûȪԿеǾӱʮ겻
һǧӣð췱ضε̻еĶ࣬ǮܶȹµѹءӺˣ˵

Ȼ˶ô˵ǾùȪд˺ҡҶһĵģУǽҲдݱ֤飬ĸӡ
ԭ֦ԼֲȪ檣ȪһҲҶĸӱĿʼҶýд֤飬պôȪͽҡ




45.   45    ̽ɵͯϱ3

𺣳ͲԺ󲻺Ҷ, д˱֤飬Ҷһӡ

Ҷõͱ֤飬ҺȪһǧһǮ, ߳𸮡
ѾûʲôˣмſֵˣҶôˡ

Ҷ¶ĸ, ܱ¶Ǯ, ֻŵ, л, ˺飬պǶûϵˡ

ź, ô찡Ŀ¶, ֲǾǵ, ϶ûݣһ·ߵǣѲڻҪ߻ȥ

ҶͷлмĶ, һ㣬Ҳȥ
Ҳԡͷ, Ҷûɶ, ͷȥ԰, ˼, 㲻Ҫٵˡ˵, յҶߣ壬Ҳеÿ, ҹﲻûкý

˶ܿ͸ĵȴ͸ҶΪҹ̾˿л󣬱Ŷһ·ȥ
ϴž޿¶Ҿ˶˽𸮣ָд˻˼ʶҶѣʱŶӼװȥְӳԡ
죬Ǿͳ˾ǡ

Ӿǻ磬·ûϴ¡
գʹҹ֣Ҳ䡣

պҶһ򻻿Ʊ״ֲѣЩͷ·
֮ǰÿ˯öģϾŴʱףҲֻ

ĵ˰£Ҷصӻ塣
˶֪ϾȪʱŴֲѣΪûҵ
ٴ˽Цûеٷ˵ͲҪ롣

ҵӣǰ䡣
ҶֻûȥõǼĺ顣
о飬ȪٴûҪᵽһûʶĵطȥ

ҵĵ죬ĸֶҶ˵ʱڵĺ
ھӣǰĹϵͲӶֻ±ǲ

˵ûҵȪСʣҶϻ޳
ҶѼŹˣȥ棬ᣬҵˡ

ҵôԼأ
̽ҪСףҺˡҶ

ɶվ˵ɶ

ҶظһղŵĻѾǩˣϡ
ʶ֣ź鿴˺һûĵİǣ̽ȻӡҶô꣬ȫɻңȪ֪飬ȫ˶Ц顣˹ȴҪԭ䣬ȥȢˣ𣿡
Խ˵ɤԽ󣬼Ժӵ˶

Ҷͷ˵û취Ҫͬ⣬ɱңֻܴ
ȪҪȢģΪټҵŮʵǲǡֻԼҾײһҲܶ

Ҷ˵ҲˣۿǸȪӶҪ
Ҷҡͷ˵Ҫ·ˣӵġ
ߣǾҲӣ˺һļҲãнԼٹҶʲô𣿡

Ҷᱻ˵лأҸҸط¿ʼ
ҲУ飬ĸӲסҶɨӣȪ䣬Żؼȥ

ȻؼҺ󣬺ͼ˰Ȫ䵽ǴĴͣڶȥ˵Ȫ¡
˵Ȫ˹ҪҶֿʼҶȪ
һʮʮ٣ûãӻ帽ʮ磬֪һ˸ĺȪʱˣس˶ʼ˵
Ȫڼǳ׳ˡ

ҶŶȥسǵǼ飬ָӸգغ󣬱ȥسһ·ϱߡ
ŲҪңܰ˵ͯϱңҲʲôˡ

ҶȽοǣӸضҶּߡ
Ҹɽˮĵط̸СӣͶȥ飬ǮȥȪˡ


ݳǵĽֵ
һſڣȴվžƺ׼Ƶˡ

Ҷʱ㿴ſվˣæǽ
ӻ뿪ǰط֮ǰطһܱ߻УһҶȪˡ

Ϊ˶Ȫ׷٣Ҷ£ǰݣݵԺܲ㶨ݣٴοʼ˾ƹݡ
ľӪľľһƷ̳ʱβĿˣȻ

ӣ˵һȥţҪŰǻУҪˡϹ˿º󣬱㿪ʼ졣
԰ʮ꣬顷ȫһҶ˵ӳţ´Ҫ״Ԫˡ

ǼԣҼţҳԾƣҶЦŵ

ǰڴˡͬ

ҶϹ˿͹þƣСҲˡ
¥ȥԷ

ȥ󳤸߲٣ģҲʮ㡣Ҫ˵Ȫʲôôǻ˧ˡ

ĸףˡĸһ¥
ҪŰȻҪˡҶڴ
ô֪һأȻţݵؽ˲żüãЩġ

ҶͷϳɵĶӣЦûУףССͣǹϳɡûУ͵飬´ٿС

΢΢Цô꣬ĸ״һ·£ǲסֻ㿼ȡܱĸ׵Ķ顣
УиСܣ޸׵飬һҪܺ͸վһ𡣵ʱһҪ۳ףԱ֮ޡ

ĸһ緹æϴ룬һȥ

ͬʱǵңȴҳһš

֦޸Ȫ󣬱Ҷ£֦һֱռȪ֪Ҫҷ֣һֱԽ֦ƴӡ
ճ꣬ȪȷʵԽ֦˳

ɺ֦Ȫڳнûô֦Ļ
֦ĸȰ֦Ѿ߸Ȫý踹ӣ֦̫ȪԸͱŮ˷Ȫ

ȻҪӼ̳мҵ֦뵽ҶĶӣȪȥҡ
ҶʹŶӰң˶֪ҶȥȪȥˣ䳰ȷ˵Ȫӳ

Ȫ֪ϼұ꣬оžžۣٿ֦ʱ˼ֲһˡ
꣬ȪûкӣһֱҶĸӣҶĸʧһԴѶ

ȪԽõϵأǰЩƷ
ŹԽԽȪԼҪҵķֺ󣬱㲻֦ˡ

£ǽ֦ץȪһѾ˯ˣ֦Ҷ֡
ȪȴƵش·

ȪʱôӦҵģ˵ŮˣһһⰮһˣ㶼𣿡֦ץסȪ˻
Ȫץס֦֣üõ֦ھøһҹأ檲ôǰҶû˵ʲôӶѲɻҪ檣

Ȫĺ֦ȪֻȴȪס

԰ҾǸĺ£ǰ֪𣿡Ȫ˦֦֦ûվȣײ¹񣬺۵վס
ǰһΪϣǻǸĺ㻹Ҫ޸ҡȪһ˵һߴѣ£Ȱ㻹ǲҪˣֻҪһֻ۱һֻۣҿһֱˡ

֦ۿˮķ·˺꣬Թ޵ȪȪƭҺҵȻλ޸㡣ǸŵŮ׵ʤӦǱӦ

Ȫӽ֦߹ſںͣ£ˣÿⷿ׼һԺӣ̧ΪѾҵĹ⡣

ǽ֦ѾߣҲǽ֦ĸ֮һȴŽ֦Ȫ̥ᣬ˫رѡ
֦׺䶥ԭأȪߺãûܻع

ͬʱݳǣҶŶڵһ˰ֵˣĸ磬ռǰźλãȰãϿ

ȵļֱðʱƣԽţô
ҶתͷʱӶͷ˺óӰæʵҲеţ᲻ֳܱΣӦþͿˣҪ̫ţ绹ǳ٣Ѿ¡

ҡŰѵõ¶ģȷʵһЩ٣ĸף˵ûеĻǺܶˣӺͬѧʺãû

û˵꣬˱ˡ
Ҷѵˣ

סĿضˡ

ȰһţҶڵһλÿӵ֣˲۾ȷ󣬼ץסӵ֣˷ܵˣˣ㻹ǰף




46.   46    ̽ɵͯϱ4

󲻽, ǰף촽ﵽߣͬҲ˵ϲ
ҶҲܿ, ӿ˵һҲгɾ͸С

ΪףаףҶڶھ˽ֵ, лͬ
Ҷ˵Ҷз, ĸ׾Ȫ֮ҲܰϢˡ
ȥļ, ҶԹѸԾ, һ֣ȥ, ¶ĸ

ھȻ, ȴҲˡ
һȥ, ƹκˣҶհɾ

ĸףɣϢᡣͬ, ĸҪΣæ
Ҷ, ŻظɻǺο

˵а, ȷʵ, Ҳ̫һ߰, һЦŵ, ҳļ飬ֻһʼо, 
׵Ĵ棬Саţ˵һʱ䣬˵꿼˻лУȴһ½Ԫá

ҶЦھ㹻ˣ֣Ҳῴ˱
󱻿ģԺ󶨻״Ԫüģ

Ҷ£˻ʶĵ㣬̾ҲԼ̫ѹߺԼ·õġ
ȴҡͷӣ͸кڵһա

ʵϣºȪȷʵˡ

ҶյĿݾʬ壬һʬǱƽġ

Ȼûκ֤ݣȪֱǽ֦ɵġ
ҵ֦֦ڶͭŭ֦Ϊ˺ģǿ

֦ü䣬Ȫ֤ݣ֤أУץȥٰ
˦Ȫ֣ͭױﻹҡ

ǸӣȪ

ѽҷˣҲƵģ֦ױ̨ϵļֱȪһһ㣬񷢴ˣȴҡ˵Ӳѱ߲ݣ㵹ãߵѾ߶˯ˣ
ȪҸ㣬бҡֻҪңҾײſڣʱƭ飬ҹ޻¥һǳҵҪܼܲ١֦ħһصȪֻҪһգͱкӳ

㣡Ȫ治˽֦˵Ҫҷ֣𺣳ӻڳΪ٣ǽ֦ײڹſڣҸӲŹ
Уģ㣡
»ȪߵˡѡһΣ͸ð£ô˵Ҳиڣʮϥ»޶Ů治֪ˣΪʲôë

Ȫߺ󣬽֦̲סˡ
дȴΪһ֮ˣǻḸ׾˵ȪҶҲܱ֤һֱáǻţԼסȪģʵ֤Ҷܿĵȴܡ

顣֦һ䣬ߵߺҧǰЩӣҩ˰ɡ
ЩԥˣǹүҲҾҪ

أ
֦Ȫָĺ͸ôҲҲˡȻΪǱŮ˺ӣһܸǵص𣿡
µԽ֦࣬ԽûңٸҶˣֻܼҡùҲȪùȻȪôҪӣȪҲ˵

սӵ֣ݵݣʵģʲôӰ

ֲ̧֦ᣬԸѡ·Ҳûãͻһŵ£ҲԹһ㡣
飬ֻһˣɲܺġȪˣұضҪ޶Ů

ͷﶼǵˣūѾҺҩˣÿռһҩۣرùүµ뷨
ʶʱѾ޲ˣ֦뵽Ȫߵò˵͹Цڴһյĵ

ȥůʱڣǹԺſڣһȺͯС˵ȡ
ҶҲУ

Ѿ뿼ҹǽԵӣ䣬ԺﻹǴ÷磬Ҷһ׼¯
ƿԺſˣ漴С³ȥӶӡ

ԼӣС˲ŴƤĻ

ĸסǰЦŻ
ɡҶֵ

ȻҶٰ¯ŵϥϣ׼ըйǵȣ㰮Եġ
ĸףôʺΣЦеصȥ곤湫ӣҲĸҪࡣ
ҵĺȻòҶ
Ҳòǰ̸ҿԾʱν±񡣡

ȥҶǰھðһլԺȥ꣬ľƹݲΪݳľ¥ڸǶ˷ֵꡣ
˵ҲᣬҲΪ

լڵضκãڹźּҡҶ⻨Ǯ⴦߽լӣȻǻصضȪ棬⴦լҶĵһơ

Ҷĸ󣬱ֱӽ˸
ֱţڲԶӣ߳ˡ

ȪؿŻƼҵĴţһʼΪԼˣֻ͸ҴһƳȻƣҶһֱɵ举ˣɡ
һȪʹظ
ſҶĸŸȷûп

ȥ꣬ȪһֱѰҶĸӵ䣬κҶĸѶȴ룬ھټ֮ʱ
ôЩ֦꣬ҩ͸̫ûʲô𣬸˵кӡ
ͬ˽¸ӣҲвٶͷЦ̫࣬ʮһ꣬ԼĶˡ
ӹԺСС;ܲμӹԺĿԣѧʼá

ȪȲسƸȥſʱȴŷ¡

ͨһҹӵĸףĸˡȪЦŵ
ŷȪųУǸƭӣʶƽͣλ϶ϴˣҼҹӵĸ͹ˡ


Ȫ˲üת뵽ʮһǰҶ룬ҶӦú˵ҲλС磬ͽȥ˵ԡ

ŷȪ֣ȥˡ
ҶͻտʼԷŷĻ󣬻ˢؾͺˡ

ûʲôףҵĸˣȻϸס󲻿϶ƭӣЩߣߣʹȥ٣ҪҪ
ŷô˵ȥˡ

ȪӲüƸڴ󺰣ƼСûһְȪ򵽽ֵϡ
˵ˣ㻹ʹȥ١ҿ㴩ҲͲҪЩ߰ɣȻǼɲ飡ŷ˵ţ˻еľ档

Ȫӷˤϣ۵ֱ顣
ֻһӣû취ֻȻȥ

ǣΪȪĳ֣˲ûʳ

Ҷǲ⣬Ȱ֮ǰҲͺ˵ôУȻΪֵá

ȷʵԤ룬ĵһ̣̲סҡҾô˼˵Ҹףôȥ߹ٺ»ӹôãٿǣӦװʶţǻ

Ҷ뵽ԭȪ֦һֱ޶ŮȻھб仯ӦûڡȪʮϥ»޶Ůȷʵеϡ

ҶӼвˣһߵǸҪˣǾ仰Ϊ˶Լֵáиõǰֻ̣ҪñãǶĴ

΢ƽһ㣬Ǳſĸ̫ģʶЦ£ĸ׼в˵ĸ׷ģһãҲϸõӡ

ҶǾô˺û˿ԾԼǮôҲԣûټޣȴҲµߵھҲϵ
ûҪʲôȰȪȥǶӲң




47.   47    ̽ɵͯϱ5

ǰ, ûٳš
ȪţǶû

ҶҲˣȥʮһ, Ȫȷʵûкӣӡ֤Ĳ롣
⵹Ǹõ£Ȫ, Ͳкӡ

ȻȪʱ, ڵԵĴϡ
Ȼûн, , 㷢Ȫ
ĸ׵ĻԲҪ, ˼, ƽ

ɻϴ, ϳɣȻʮߣȴԴһҲӳ

˵Ӣ۳, ҲһءĶԴմ, ½ĿУſ, Իδڴ

Ͽ, Ҳ, ʮо, ȴʮ߱վڵԵĴУĽˣҲҪ׵ˡ

Ҷʱ, ȿ쵽Խʱ㵽˸Ⱥ
׼ñֻŻ

ˣСĶҪˡܼߡ
ҶҲЩţ˵϶Уǰ׺ͺģв
Ȫе̽ô˵ҲҪи̽ѹһѹ
Իò̽ĿҲ

ˣߵҲܡҶ
ͣ£쳤Ͽôͻأ

ҶҲֵϿ֪ļҲûãСȥſںţǻСȻš

ſţվ·ϣԶ
ҶҲ棬𣿡

طˣûأɶҲûˣ˳ӻͻȻ
Ҷæߣ˳ӣæʣôˣ

ӡˡ˳ٶܻ
˵еڼ𣿡Ҷֵ
˳ҡͷСģӺ󣬱ܻˡǰ˴컨ˡ

ˣҶб˲룬ǲܿƵʮ̣ҪгϢˡ
ʱȥҶͭ󣬱㿴Χ۵ȺĶӡ

ڸǰߵҶǰۿᣬһһصߵĸףлĸ׺н֮״Ԫʱ
˵꣬ſͷ

Ƽҵ״Ԫ𾪣󻶺ŷæϲǷָΧ۵İǳԣҲ漴
Ƽ£һƬϲá

Ҷ˷ܵط󣬡úúãҶгϢˡ
̫ˣУǷǳ׵¡

ڽ֮ǰֻ֪һ͵˼ң˭֪˭Ҳûй
ڳ¿״Ԫ˻ѯ֪֪ס˭û֪

ȪƸſʱƼҵıѾֵ꣬ҲûŷɲϷȥ
ҪӣôȥԼ˷ˣкӡȴһ״ԪӣȪԺҪ˵ȥԶסЩ˵죬Ҳӡ
»ĸӲϽͲţúõػţ׶ϣô䵱״Ԫ

ȻջǱܾ棬Ȫȥʮָˣ˺þƺòˣҪȸʹ졣

֦ȪЩԾȻǷͷֿ˯Ҳᣬƽʱڸûʲô£ǹעȪһһ
߽֦ʵ鵽𣿡

طˣˡߵ֦ߣүӣȥƸūǶ˺üգƸķʱ㱻ŵλƷˣү֮ǰԭ䡣

֦õɴ۾㲻ϴ˰ɣ
ϴ϶գūȥ˼ۣȻûôڣɫҲࡣٻǸ٣լɣǸϲڹϡ˵լӣӲ¡
үȥȴһֱڻƸ⡣ʱ򣬻֪״Ԫ

֦ԾòУûҶȴ˵һݵũֶϣôլӡ
˺ܳһʱ䣬֦ЦȪΪʸң¼ԭ䣬ԭ䷢ˣȻôǴլӣضиļҵȪҪȥ϶ӣĸλԸ⡣

ͷ˵ǣĸӺ޼үү޶Ůضϻػĸӡ
˵鲻ӵǣĸӻָúȥδӣ

˵ȻȪȴҲü֦룬ȥĸӣǻȪҾͺһġһȪ˼ͱĺ
֦ߣȥ͸˵ȥ¥Ծƣǲұȥ

ͷ˵ǣȥͰ

ҶѾյٰ״ԪǼϲ£вŽύ
ҹҶͻһ

óӵƼţ˵ܸУȥź֣˵ھǾĿףźͬΪ˸Խύ
źֵլӾڻƸ棬ǸյʱûȥţһûУȥʸ˼ҡʶķҲˣȸкȥ

ȥݼźְɡҶ

ĸײһ𣿡ʡ
ҶҡͷŽ֦İһ˴ӵ֣ҾͲȥˡ
Ϊĸ¸ˣæĸһҵĸ׵ĸֺαƴǡ

Ҳǲ˼ֻǾʱȥ͹ˣҪҳϯĳϣȻȥҶ˼䣬˸Ƿ˵ҪЪˡ
ȻߺҶŰѽ֦İóٿ

ջźҶȥ¥
ʱ򣬽֦Ҳˡ

ż˼һۣ¶ı顣
Ҷ֦Ŀ£ǸƷԱķˣȴɫ㲣ݡ
֦ҶĺɫоͶţȫӡеӲͬ

㵹Ǻȫһ֦ʵ
ҲǡҶº󣬿Ѿ˲ˣֱӵ֪˽ԼҳΪ£

㵹ֱӣҲֱһ㡣֦ӣƳ۶ҶƿĿ⣬˵Ȫ⼸նȥ㣬ܾˡȪƷ٣ھʮһ꣬Ȫķ֣ضֱϡ֪ĸôģ

ûô롣
ҶЦӣҲҪ˵ǺʲôɲأǰҲҪȪҲҪ˵ԻͷݣοȪһʺ

У⻰Ҽˡ֦յһڣҶĴ𰸣˵ȪŪӣⱲֻһӣԲŻһֱĸӡ
δȻȪĹֻ뿴ӾҿǸˣֱ˵ˣֻҪӲȪǱ㾮ˮˮӸҺȪͱҲ

˿ԷģҶӲôûҶ֦ͦĻԭΪ֦࿴˳۳û뵽һ¡
ҽ֦Ȫ£ҶϲԭĽ֦ںھе裬ǱȪƵġ

û£ұȻȥˡҶ
ȵȡ֦̲סٶ࿴Ҷۣĺܺ棬ΪλôࣿǱǸȴñҺôࡣ

ҶǳЦΪҶüʱֹɡҲȰˣȪΪңҲܻ뿪㡣ˣ˽ıĻԼͿ
ˣҪı䣬ҲüұȪͱڻ󣬼ʱֹ𣬲Լúһ㡣

֦ϣҶ뿪ͻȻ
㶵Цˣʱ̸ֹף
Ҫ޸Ȫ˵ڣҸοָο
֦ϣڣȪһµ

ͬʱȪźּſڣѻµˡ

㸸װȪʵؿŻ뱧ȴ˦

ˣءüͷš۵ǿ֮䣬ûйϵ

ôûϵأȪ㸸ףҶӣѪŨˮĹϵ
״ԪҺΪеˡ״ԪֻڹٳĿʼҪ㡢㡣
ԸصߣҿԸõŵõĹﵱˣҵĲƲģ

ȪԽ˵ԽǰĶӣ˷ֻϲⲻүô

ȴ÷θ˵ЩҶҪļҲҲҲɷµĵߡĸǩʱװ׵˵˲ҪңҲûӲ뵽ңĸףҲҪ
ܽͣ½ŲƿȪǰߣ֪ȪĹϵ

Ȫò׼ӣϾʹ˷׷ȥô˾ǿء룬н𣿡
˵ˣҲû˵ҪĸӡʱĸױƵ̫ȻʱұضúðĸӡôЩ꣬ҲһֱĸӣҪĸ˾һڣԲˣ

߶קסȪ죬ŭȪҲô˵ĸףȫõĸףǲҪǸӣһҡˣ˹ˣ
ɿȪ֣˵һ飬㲻ҵĸףҲ㡣ȻҪӣұȥҲĶӣԶǣ

ȪҲŭˣŻѿڶԹТΪȣ׶ϡãϻ𣿡

ʮĿΪľǸ֮ʩչȭţڹٳϷⷢȡ
ȪΪ϶ӣϧТв󣬻еȭͷѾš˫ĿɺصȪ
ᣬֻҪȪٶ˵һ䣬Ȫϴ򣬵ͬʱҲͲˡ


ڣĸ׵ûѹ

Ҷظʱŷ˵ûȥŲൽʱ䣬û뵽ȪҲڡ
Ҷ¶ӳ嶯ˣæ

ߵĸߡ

ȪĿתƵҶϣٴθе⣬ʮһȥҶȴûϣƤá
ǰҶÿµظɻƤɹָֺɣžûŮҶɫ͸죬βȻǳǳϸƣȴ˿˿顣

÷ȪҶ

תͷҶס
ϵģȪǳ͢٣Ȫǰ;Ҳûˡ

ҶǰȪˣ㵱дĺͱ֤飬ҿɶšɲܿгϢˣ׼һӣ̫ҪŶ

ʲôа׼ӣȪˣ뵽ǿӲ̬ȣַ÷ǷһЩ죬ôȥҲǰ¹ȥˡڹöܺãⲻǺܺ𣿡

ҶĮؿȪû˵Ȫ˵ʲôҪĻ

ߴߣһ̽ңнյĹҲǣߵʱǽôҪúôҡȪְĸѹҶ

ҶȴһףҵͯϱɲûûҹذҸɻԵıèҪ١ȪһǾ仰˲Ҫ̫̰ģеñʧӿɲҵ¡
˶٣ҶﴽЦ𣬡УǸȥǰ״˵Ҳȥø㵱ƭȢԸڵĸ.ٺ»ҵҪ߿һۡ

ȪȻ᲻á
ѾĻĵλȻȥֻǴӴƷƷҲһӶ޷ﵽĵλ

ȪɫղŻ÷䣬ƶ÷Ϊ»ʲôӰ𣿡
Ҫʲôʲô״ԪҴ״ԪǱõ״ԪȪźݻʮ꣬еѪû˰ɣ

ȻϣԽԽáҶ̾˿˵Ҳܺ£ڴ֮ǰ㻹Լɡ

֮ǰҶϵнա
Ҫöܰȵ٣ҪȪ

ôЩ꣬Ҷľ¥ɲǰ׿ġ
¥ϢĵطǰȪȥӺ֣ʱˣˮׯ
ȪӺݺȴû֣˽˲ӡ
꣬Ȫͱ˵Ϊûȷ֤ݣϺܿ챻ҺȪѹȪŵѡҲΪ£֮꣬Ȫû
ҲֹӺֵ£ԴȪδƷֱûɾ




48.   48    ̽ɵͯϱ6

Ҷ˺üʱ, ˴ǮƣҵһЩ֤֤
״ԪǺȪʱ

Ȫ֪Ҷȥʮһʲô, ֪Ҷ˵ʲôߵ÷, ȥЩ, һЩǮǵǮ, ȨƱ, 㲻ʲô㻹ڲûʲô, Ҵڹٳ, δڸпܡ, һͭζˣóϵ˻ῴ𣿡

ǮҪ˿𡣡ҶԸٶ˵ת, Ͷ࣬Ȫ, 㲻Ҷԣӵһ, Ǳ޹ϸ𡣡

ߵߺ, ҶöӺһؼҡ

ȪҶĸӵıӰ, ݺҧ, һԾƢĸӣҵҪܳŵʲôʱھǻô꣬ǿ޵ʱ򡣡

Ȫ߷߻ȥ, յңܼҾ˵鷿
ʲôᵽ֦ȪǺ޵
Լ˵Ȫ֦ǽ𺣳򸾸һв£û˽֦
֮Ȫͽ֦Ȼͬסһ£ȴټ棬ʹڸżȻҲǴҴҷֿ˭ҲԸ˭˵

֦ȪһӦû£벻Ϊʲô

ܼҡͷ˵֪˵ȥ֪ȥ˱
ǷˣȪƲ˵꣬ǳ鷿ȥ

Ȫ鷿ʱ֦ںԼġ

˰ָ֦һö壬Цеתͷô𣿡
Ȫͷһʣô֪˸ң

˸𣿡֦мüջĿеİ壬ǹصЩӣƸܣ浱˶Ϲ𣿡

ʲôȪֱӵ
֦ȴЦˣȪǺ𣿡

ȪȷʵЩ£ʮһ꣬ŷֽ֦һӡǽѹţˣֲޣ⼸ֻ۲Ϊ
֦ϧҩӣҲûܡ

֦Ҫʲôֱ˵Ȫûġ
Ҫĺܼ򵥣㲻ȥӡ֦վȪվţҪһϻػ󣬾ͱҶ㲻ֻҪ㲻֮ǰôôҲԤ¡

ɲеԣȪ̲סˣŽ֦ƿڴҽʮˣȴϥ¿գ𣿡
Լλˣ֦̫˽̫ˣҵںδ

ҵͱ㶪ˣ֦ɤҲʾϼҶǸĺĸӸͲԸ㣬ǳֵô࣬˶֪ûǰ˵ѡ
ȪҪɡ㲻ҪĸӣϰѶ״Ԫˣȥ˵ôõ£

㣡Ȫ̧֣Ҫ֦
֦ȴһ㶼£б¾ʹҪҶһָͷҶҪ⵽Ӧ

Ȫ̧֣վûȥҧгݵ֦ǸӣҵͲȢ㡣
Ȣнգ֦ߵſڣȪܣߵȪһ飬ϻػⱲע޶ŮҲһҵıӦҾҲͬġ

ȪûõӵĺøУ֦ôвһӵϵĻƿҡ
鷿ž˺һ鷿ûܼҲŸŵش˽ʰ

Ȫϣص
ܼߵȪǰ˵⡭𣿡
ҲУҲûТôļҵҪ˼̳СȪĵǽ𺣳Ҫ飬ҲҪǸ飬ֲǵꡣֽŸɾһ㣬ʲô¶С
ܼһЩ£ȪעѶùܼҾж

һߣҶͻȥ󣬻ɷ߷߲ƽ

ô˵Щ⣬ΪʲôôҪˡ
ǶˣȪȴһܶûС

Ҷö࣬ǲȣǰֻԺ飬ߵ˱ȽϼһЩ˹ٳ㻹ῴɫɫˡȪƤ㻹
̫ģȻʱ򡣡󵽵С˵Ҷȥط١Ҷο䣬ûôˣʵźֵ¡

Ŵ˵ٳҪѧ͵ͳ̫ҲԷƱӣһЩͬţ˵Ҫһ鹲¡˵δֻԾҲڴ
öллŴˣҪǵŴ˵ݶ顣Ҷ
ţҿ϶ˡͷ

֮ļգźֵĴ£μһЩǵľۻͲۡΪȴΪǫѷһʱõ˵ĳޡ
ڼҸӣûϳ󣬻ҲûǴ𻰡

ĵ죬𺣳ӻȥʱ˻󼸾䡣
Ƚ𺣳ջݣϰ£ߵͻȻ𼱻ǵؽۿүˣ²ˣ

ʲôô𺣳üʡ

ֲᣬûˡ

ʲôûˣϻû𺣳ˡ
ʲôûˣǰЩӲǻ𺣳żʡ

ֵ˵ڳˮСˣ׼ãǹȥء

ʲô𺣳˶ôĸլ˵ˮȴûһ˾ȣҪЩѾӸʲô

˵Ƿ˵ʱһɢģû˸šֵ

ҵĽ֦һڣ˹ȥ

𺣳ֻܴŶӳȥңǵʱѾãȪ޵ġ
𺣳ץסȪĸ첲ºȥȪô˵ģΣ֪Ůţ𣿡

Ȫ涣ʲô˼ѲҺ˽֦𣿡
㻹˭𺣳ĭĽôĸլѲˮ֪⻰˵ȥ˭ţ

Ȫȴҡͷ˵֪֦Ҷ겻ֲͣǲ֪Եɡͺͽ֦ģô궼ల£ΪҪ֦֦˲ţԺʬ

𺣳ŹײŮȻˣܿ١
𺣳Ů£һӦȪµĺ֡Ů˵ĻŮӱҪˣסһҪ˿Цʲô鲻ûھǡ

𺣳ǲԸô˽ᣬأôû

ᵽ飬Ȫɫ΢ɼض£ܼܿػ
Ƿַᱻ𷣣Ǯ·ˣҲܼҵ

ܣǽ֦ĸʱܣ𺣳ֻеģˣӲȪû£ҵҪǲװף

Ȫʱᣬһַֻڹľϣͷûǽһô
ʱ򣬽֦Щ¶ᱻҳһŮŮܼ޳ȥ𣿡

Ȫߺܵͣǵ.Ķħ
𺣳Ѿˣֻܿӷס

Ȫǲȥ飬ԼҲҪ£Ͼ֦ҵķˣҵûһ
ұΪ˽֦棬˽飬ȻҪʬǾɡ

⻰ǳ..вǽ𺣳ȪҪѽ֦ɵͱ
𺣳Ϊ˽ҵͽطò׷顣

𺣳оһͻȻһƬհף˹ȥ

Ȫ˰ѽ𺣳̧ؽңɥ¡

Ҷ֪֦ʱǽ֦ա
ŲĶ飬ҶҲ֪ôСĵȥ˵ʱ˶ˡ˵£зƫ̱ջûá

Ҷܼ˵ģһӦȪ֡
ȥ֦һֱѹȪȪǻỹй˼ɣǲ˼ɣֻ˦ʲôѱ
ΣҶŽ֦⡣

ڽ֦һʱ䣬Ȫûž
Ҷʱ䣬֮ǰźõˣǴ֤ȥøȪЩ˵˸ãȥûѶ
ҶȥôȴʲôûһȥЩˣΪɣ
ʱҶ֪ԭȪͬǰȪ

òҵ֤֤ȴôûˣҶǳġ
󲻶Ҷʲôóĸ鲻ãȥߡ

Ҷûȥ䣬Ͳס󣬱һȥ
Ƽҵ˳Ҷͻһ

һ£ݰ׿һ¾˲Ŀ⡣
йСġӶڻűߣŪûһֱ졣

ҶӵĶˣͻȻ˵㣬ѽ㣬ô죬ôȢϱأ
ҡҶôһ˵ˣһСûǸʱ򡣡
ţȷʵСҶͷǵĹ˵ֻҪ˺ãҲŵڣȰ㶨
˵ʲôء󻹴û£ĸٶԣָŽֱߵӣתƻĸףȥ˰ɡ

֣˸С̯Ҷͻ˰ʱŹꡣ
Ŷ˳ߡ

Ҷĸӽ˳֮󣬻ͬҶȥ˵ԼѾߡ

ǵĳ޵ʮ㣬˼԰ֺͳɽɽһƬ֣羰˲˵Ҳرá
ҶĹ˹˹ȥ

ʱڣϵĹֻĴָСȻܳԣȴźܿɰ
ҶţȻȥҲҪڸЩһÿŹӳȤܳԡ

ҶҪʲôʱͻȻܳһӰŵ˳

Ʒ˱𺰣ū澣鴩ؤѣͷ棬ǲϵͷϲ
Ҷʮּ¿ͷƷˣū澰ɣҼ̫ԩˣ




49.   49    ̽ɵͯϱ7

Ҷϳ, æɨһȦȱ, ˵
鲻Ҷ̾, ̫ˡ
⻰, 

㷽˵Բ, ΪβȥңҶ, Ϊ˽֦¶з磬֪ʲô, ֱȥ, Ǹã
ҡͷ˵ȥ, ūŹȥˣȪڽҸū澸˽ҡЩӣз, ֲ˳ūһ߶, һҪˣʵǼѡ

Ҷ, , ȻȪҪ, Ϊλܷ
ʵ, ʵֿ󣬻ȥȪ̯ƣһ, Ӿ֪Լǰū׼źͰһʲô£ū澴ȥҡգūһȥͻȻñȥū澷ֲԾʱѾûˡ

Ҷˣңȥң
æͷȪܾ״ԪôԸūȥңұضġ

Ҷ뵽ҵ֤˶ÿѺˣȷʵǸûᡣ
ţѾ߻ȥ׻ƸѾߵ鵽һԺһǮĺвҪš

黻Ѻ󣬻Ҳ˹
ĸҪȥ𸮣󵱼ʾͬ⣬͸ܵͷ

Ƹôȥ
Ҫ𸮵ʱͻȻȪ˸

ҶֻСˣ鵭صǸʲôôĵ·Ƕܹȥ𣿡
СǸ⣬ȻԹҼүúܣ´״Ԫɵˡ

һƿʲô˲˵ģǻƼҵ£ʱҪ£úӣ¡
˵꣬ԼŵСæ㿪

ͣڽſڣŷʶҶĸӣһ۾ϳͷҶ飬æװϤĿǣȥ
Ƚ˽𸮺ŷ֪Ҷĸ⣬˴𺣳Ժ

𺣳ͻȻз磬ڴϣӶˣһֱڴϴ档
ǿҶĸӽʱ⣬ȿʱϡһȥ˰

¿ͷֹū澶Բסүˣûչ˺ù
óţݸϡ

һ߿һߵ֪ҪãдţūתǡӣȪסңūʵû῿ǽڳƷˣŵԵ𸮡

ϴӿʼţûͣ
֦дЩԵ֮˺ܶ಻ص¡֪ȪҪ˼ȥҲû˼ʶ֪Ȫ˹ܼʱûֻȪ⵽Ӧ

𺣳Ͽޣżߺߵصҡ
ϰŶ𺣳𺣳һʣͿ

ЩӣԾ춼Ҫ
ῴŮţֺڣҾͲ޸ȪȻ֪Ǹӵĸĺôܶڴ

ϳʣҶ̾ȥ飬ٺҲûˡ֪ʲô㣿
תͷ۴ϵķȪǺ޵ҧгݣ֦ᣬʬҲ鲻ʲôĹܼȪĸǲץˡ⿿֦ţ˾ý֦Ȱ
ҪŪȪ͵һŪȻݾߣȪһɧ

Ҷȴ⣬˵ȪӺֿ̰£֤ڸãκξȪͬȻȪѾˡ

תת飬лҪ˵չȥ⣬Ȫһ֮ѣźҶҲڳУ֪һ֣ݣ
Ҷͷ˵УΪԷһһһֵ֤ݡ
ǾͿԡšȭͷȪ̰ıұضҪۣ

Ҷ̸һ󣬻ȥûŲ֤ȥźּңԼһȥҡ

ͬʱȪҲһЩԾ
֪Ҷȥνңˣڰʱ򣬶סҶ

ֵԣῴӰ
ҶûҪ˼

Ȫվľ£̧ͷҶ𸮣Ƶ
ŽʹʧŮҹ̽һ£𣿡Ҷ

ұ£ӦҲ޽ңô÷˵⻰˭أȪü
ҶЦ𣬡£ƭȣǸ£ҶԽҲû̫ĸо㣬ʮֵᡣȪסңҪʲô

÷ӺЩˣȥø״İɣȪ۾ͻȻϬҵСˣԭΪֻһǮ뻹ôı¡
˵÷ҽҰ𣿡

Ҷ΢Цɫ˵Ӻʲô£ʲôɸ˵£ű˸淢˵ȥǡ

÷㲻װˣ˵ˣЩ˵ıָʹȻʿյĿ࿴ǰǸֱɵĴ帾ĻıУҵǸϲڵ㡣ǡȪͻȻͣסЦ£̫ˣھ̾ʮһ꣬û㱾£Ϊܻ𣿡
ýԸңǲɡȪ̧üο࣬˵ˣֻҪĸԸ⣬ҵһжǵġ÷һλᣬվߣҪԣ

ҶЦȪ˵ԽʵԽţΪȪȷ̫࣬ͺñȽûҵ飬Ȫ⣬ȴ޷϶¡
ȪûһԣǷǹҪиߣʲôʲôԸҵЩҵ㻹Լɡ

˵Ȫ˻ǰ棬ҶԳȥǼС˿Ҷܲ˵ײŵ
Ҷŵ뿪

һߣź˵꣬ǲȻŭҲ̫һЩоİ࣬ŻѾá
̾˿ٿʱźֱ鸴ӣ󰡣ҺĲŻˣ㲻̹иѱڱС

󣬡˴ͽ̡

ιǸźַȪ㣬һջᱻ֪˺ͻ˵ȥǣûժ״Ԫͷ
ԥ̧ͷ

ʮΪľһȻû˹źֵΪȫĸ׵Т㲻ȥȪҶԻϵ˽⣬ϻġ
᲻˵ӱͻ˵ָ˵ʲôʱȥ˵ʲôʯĳΡ
ǰޣȪգԹ۰

лˣˡ

Ÿ󣬻ͽϡ
ϱͶԻӡã

Ϻֱû𷣡
ϲ⣬кҪ

΢˼룬ʵ䲻ϵյ״Ԫ󱻹ףӵĸ״Ѱٵ˳ЦĸıߣֵȪĿ
˵ٴοͷĸ״΢ɽûĸף΢ĳɾ͡ʶ΢ΪĻתףҶǲТʵڲΡ
΢վᣬʵĲպ˵Ըͻ

տʼֻûɺӵȪּΪŭ
˰ȥȪͽ𺣳Ҫһࡣ

ʱϺȪˡ
ȪŵĻЩ죬֪ô£ǷΪ棬һ´󾪵ͬʱæͷϣ΢вѵĿ԰

ϣ֤ȪߵڰףϸϽԣʵ򸾿Ȫǰ;ãѯǷ䣬ʱ˵ûУǲŰŮȵգ֪Ȫԭ䡣
£ϼʱĻ䣬Ըλұ˻һǧٷѡΪŮֻŮټ޸Ȫ
״ԪԾʵûа١

һˣʲôԣǹͺƶԭô
뵽˵ϺһûɷĸȴҪӶ飬֪ж಻ס
ǰЩյȪӣȪЩʧȪ⼸깦ãȪš
ЩûТǻȪǲǶԻϵĲТ

ȪþûϿڣϣ΢ͻϳףֻΪõܰģҲΡ΢ҲΣŲ״Ԫɣ΢Ҳ˵ֻҪ״ԪԸ⣬¼Ҳȫ״Ԫɵġ

ӻΪߣͲÿǮơ΢ʳ֮»֮ǣлϸٺ»㹻΢ҺڣҶ̰Ǯơ˿ڱտڶҲƲ΢ǲ֪ΪʮһˣжټҲ˵

Ȫͷ͵ؾ£ֻڻϸǰãȴʵ˵

ϿŻͷ˵ԣٺ»̰Ƕõ¡һĻĸǸж޻ĸھӷ⣬ҲܰΪЧ
Ȫʵ̫ʧˡϳڼб˼һ£µְ޻ⰲš˼㰲ȥġ

ϽԣųĻ㲻ջȥ
һȪ𷣣Ҳˡ
ֻȪ߳ʱɫ

Ȫסûʣ˭ô˵ģ
£ȪȲʱһáɻȷˣû϶ʧҶھӷ⣬ⲻǺݺݴô

󲻱صԼʲô£ԼѲһҪ˽̣Ż˵
ƿȪ߱ߵ˼ǵûϵĻӴ޹ϵǿּ񡣡

ֱؿڴ
Ȼź£һֱĵиýøлźֵĽ顣

ȥ󣬻æĸ˵Ϣ
Ҷ˶бŵŽȪǻҲûϵڽǺõġ

ûáҶµ
ĸ׾ͲȪˡĵ
Ҷͷ˵ǣҲɿˡ£ֻһʼ¾ͿҺźγˡ

֮ļ죬ȪĹϵ˾ǡʮһǰֵˣúˬ
һ𴫳ģһԣȪΪ̻֮أ˲˵ķˣʶЩһӶûУôеϻ״Ԫӡ

˲˵̫ࡣвͬ˽°ԹȪ£Ժ󣬲ŻȻ
һһذԴǶǣ˵ʲôԭĶУʲôɣҶ֪Ȫ̫ࡣ

Ȫ˵ʱѾѹסϢˡ
ϽڼңŶȥȥѹԡ

϶ǽȺ˴ģȪ߷ߵˤ˾ƱԼ޸оġߵƷΡ
˵Ƕһ衣
ǽ֪Ƚкȥˣ

ܼž죬ҽȥϵССʣܼңү治𣿡
ʵЩҲв²⣬˵ķһֱүɾ㸮ûкӳүҲС
ɲܸ棬үûкӡ

ܼҵһ۶Է⻰۵Сү󣬰ͷ
Сæס첻Ҷԣ¿϶ģȻܼһֱӷϡôú󣬵Сֵָ˵ϢٴδҴ˳ȥҸȷȪ˵ˡ

ȪʱһЩͷţ.޾ƣһЩ󲹵ҩƷдмҲǳ
Ȫյҩȫˡ

˶Цң
Ȫƣһͷдӣۿɺ죬Щ˶ӵţгһգضӵġڣ

ҳһʱҶҲ˵ǵ˶ڴȪ˵ΪˣЦ˺һ
ûãյ˽Ŀš

𺣳ʹʧŮ𺣳з磬˶ȪǺ֮ǣǽ𺣳򸾴ȥġ
ҲȪý֦ƣΪԻԣȪ˵ǽ֦ظӣֱӳϡ
ΣҪȪʹܡ

ͬʱҵ˻˵Ѿ˲鵽ȪձкϢˡ




50.   50    ̽ɵͯϱ8

ڻְ, ҶûѽҴϢ˵˼ҡ

߽ҵ˺󣬻, ˶ڴ˵Ȫ˳Ҫˡ
Ҷ⣬û, һٵʧ˻ϵ, ֮, ҲЩ, 湦úãǲӺݵȵصİӸ, ǲ̫

˵кϢ, ̫ˡڴ
Ҷͷ, Ȫ𺣳Ϊٶ꣬ڳеȪ٣źֵİæȪһ, ɡΪ˷ֹǽǻǼ, ֻɳҪûš

ӱ, ʮ겻ʮһȥ, ҶҲȪۡ
Ȫ֮Ľʱ, ǵȥ, в̸
Ҷ֪ȪӣҲΪ󣬲Ǽ, ˻ǲͻָûȤ

һգӻʱ𺣳ĳӽ
ΪиͬȪߵýһ㡣Ȼ˻꣬๲ͬ⡣

Ҹ׵ӡȪЩ֤;ͬ۵żһϽ˻ϡ
ô˵ʡ
ȻǺܷŭǣ̫ˣȻȥ㡣

ȪЩ˲ٵĻ¸ȷʵǣڶˣ֪Ҳ˱ȥٳ󣬽죬ȥǵüԽȣϿ϶ҪȪôζһ
Ͼ漰ϵ׵ĵܹܵҪŹû˵顣

ô˵пΪġ

˳ͬʱźҲռ֤ǰ
źΪٶʮ꣬һһۣɳӶݲá

ϣӷͬΪǹŸӦЧȣǲŻŷź˵һʱ͹ѵܹ£ȴǲص

㣡
죬Ͳܱͨһ𣿹лȷʵԣ޵ĵܵܣȻᷣ

źȴӻ⻰Ǽֹŵơ
ϿźֲΪջȴ֪źû

˽ãźֲٿڣӺˮһ꣬ʧŮҲв١ɢһ꣬¾ǧĶׯ԰ׯ԰ｨȪء
ξ̮˱ξֳ£ֱ˷ξ˻ξС
нܾ֯֡

˺ˣ޶֪ˣ
ϳضźֵĻͷ˰ýЭȪ˱ȻҪ޻һ𣿡

΢ףʾźֵּ⣬ȥ˽ȥҡ

ͬʱȪڹ

Ȫʼļ֮꣬ô죬нҷ֣ϹĴȡ
һʼнҷ־͹ˣŷ֣̫Щһֻ۱һֻۣȴô

ү΢˵ģΣȪվڹ࣬еŹ̡
תͷƳȪһۣܿƵرЦò˵ӣȷʵ̫ͦġȲ˵£㣬ǲ治У
˵ţָָȪ

Ȫ˲ǺЩܵٵ裬˻ûôֱӡ
Թֻߵ΢ǲУó״Ԫɡ

˵ͽС׺󣬲ŲС̲סֹЦ˼ֲˣͺֱ˵ôͻȻˣ治УһЩҩָһˡ
Ȫش𣬹ֵѹЩͽС㲻ͣ³⣬Ϊˡ

ȪɫЩҲסˣֻйݣǵ﹧·ûУֻЦ˵ԣүĪ˵ⶼǽ˹ų΢ġ
΢˵ڲӺְ£ǿɲԹ۰

Ȫ˽̵ӣһ붼͵С
ǻϰܣһֱܻϳ谮㷸˵ʲô£Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣ᲻𷣹
ʶȪŻȣֻҪһֱпɽ

̧üνǲǵģþ˽´ӺЩ֤ˡб£û֤ݣҲκβ˱СǺǣҲ𷣱
ıù޿֡

Ȫһ᲻öпӡ
үǲõģ΢ǳҹ߰Ȫ̾϶΢ɱ˽֦΢ԡǽһһգ΢ΪүЧ

죬ǻ˵˹һӣ𺣳Ѿз磬̲ô̲Ǹطɱ࣬ҸᴦС
ˣǸ״ԪɶӣҲԸε±ǮȪǲúùܹҪӾˡ

һС£΢һѵġȪҪԸңȴǲ»󣬱ϾΨһĶӡ
ҶҪһѵҶһֱԶǸҲֵڡ

ȪѾ˶ڻƸֻҪҶţ°Ҷ
ҪТӣ᲻Ϊ˾Ҷ

СӲҪ̵ġһҾͷŹȽǻ󻹲̻ɱҶ
ǣ΢סȪԸֶԸңѾ⣬ϹϾź깧ˮŴӹ

Ȫһʲô⣬ƨүŶԣ

ǰʻûãȪ׼ظĻæóͣ¡
ס

üתϳȪõѲ˻ϵĻ

ϵּ⣬ȻҲ㣬·㣬кȪ˹Ļ˵Цеص״ԪɣȰһЩΪ֮·ɲСô򵥡
ԵͷҲãȷＸΣ֪˭Ķá

㻹ǶԸɣΪΣҵĵڡԣҲûټ㣬ɼˡȪвԱУҪĻ᲻ᷭȥ

ȪӲȴûò˼գлʱ
ŻıӰţտɱңʱ򲻶ະҿɲŹ㣡

Ȫ鲻ȥ׼һӵľƲˡ
ܼһԵƣүüûЦˣүӦæˣ

ȻҪңҪңһֵֻĲݰүЩչδǮơȪƱ뵽Ҫ𺣳򸾸Ҫˡ
ܼԸ֣ҲЦǿ̫ˣȽңûк֮ǡ

Ȫͷ˵ǣùܼһܼ˵ңǱ¡

ʱͻȻǾŵ
漴ű߿һȺڵس




51.   51    ̽ɵͯϱ꣩+

, Ҫʲô
Ȫ˾Ʊվ

ջظյźֵϢ, ȥҡ
һҪң˾Ьû, ȥ˽

, ӦԸ, Ҷְ, ˼ҲᣬкЩҪæ
, Ȫ, û˵, ͱݺݴһȦϡ

ȪʱӦúܸ˰ɣȪߣ, ʮһǰƭǽ, ڵıӦѾּǳҡ
סȪͷ, ֵ, Ҳ, һ˭ҲȲ, ŴѾʿȥ˹һΣԼѱܱˣ

ôܣȪŵص

ʵ, Һ͹ͬʱˣŻʮˣһ鱻ˡ
һεĳжʮ̸ǹģġ

ҶڸգڵĹŰ
ȳҽ˺üլӣȴסˡ

һεĳңƺƴ
ÿ³ƣ

ֱգʱ·Ŵ˷硣

Ҷ󵹲裬ϡ
ôˣҶʡ

һں裬һѾˡ
˶٣ϰҪѹȪϣʶȪһڶնףǶ˾λǵļҲȫ乫չδǮƣȫһգҲ֪ô롣
ˣȪһֱڿߣ˵һ档ԥ֪òȥ

ȥɡҶҪˣధ棬ǲȥ˸˵ˡ
˰ġ̾

˸еȥΡ
ͷɢȪʱ뵽˵ĸһ·ߵʱǱӡ
ľդޱؿȪ

Ȫ⼸մУԲãůЩ㱣ܸоУʵޱȡ
˹ץסդֱ𣬡̤㸸׵ļλʮ꣬ȵʱ򣬲֪ܰģ

Ϊβܰģ
ָؿȪΪӦҲҸס

㲻Ҳû£ѪԶҵѪϲϣ㶼ҵѪӣܻ˼ǵãȪЦ

ˣҵϣֻĸ׿ʼ֣Ҳǰ汲֡󲻹ΣƸҲᵽ㣬ԶʧҵСջƣҪס
ػÿζЩѾ˵ˣΪ֮ɡ

ȵȣȪҪߣæֵôòã㲻㸸ףѪһκòáεİӣıɻΪ˰﹧ŰѰӵҪѹϰ
ҲòλãĲ
ǲ֪жŬ飬ΪܴӻǸƵطҿԲҪЩǮҲˣңһòã

ȪСʱڴȪʱĮӣԾ˿ͷ
񿴵ȪҪʵܸӣҲܼᶨ۹ΣдնסȪն֮գյĶͷͳԸɡ

ҲҪȪƴػζդֶĥˣͷҲصˡ
ʼͷȥײֱŵѪ°ͣź֪طۡ

䣬ʪֺڰΣȪҪˡ
ȴ岻ȥ
Ҫˡ

ȪУ˵Ҫṩû˴
ɤӶˣ콥ʱŵΡ

𺣳ȪȻ˵̫໰ȴһֱᡣ
зģлԹޣΣȪȶˡ

ȪҲֽ㣬ȣһôģһҸסڵϵȪ߷ߵʹȣڵɡ

Ȫ۵˵֮Σ𺣳ãȫ˵
ȣǳֻۣҪһ۵ιȥָֹѪҩѪ
һϣȪѣĥ

Ĳпڣ֡
ĹȫˣȪ϶ͷ̨ʱһƬкá

̰٣࣡
˵̫࣡
ֻӦµ


ʮһǰΪھλȪϧӣȥȡ
ʮһ󣬶ͷ̨ϣǪ̈̄ߵİǣ־Ŵ󵽼㡣ûֻܿŹֻӵ¡

ȪˣҶͻûȥпڿ̡
ĸ˲ٳŷˣԶٺõġ
ǰ緹ʱڵĹͻȻȻȥ󣬲֪ĳ
ôˣȴù֪Ϊ˱ʾǶԹˡ

ڵĹɥ磬ҶĸӱȾơ

ĸףҾٱ
Щ꣬ˡҳҲнա꣬һõھһ帣

Ҷͻ˸ھʲôģҲ⡣ȪѾûкõĵĵطǴ㣬ȹЩӣͻȥݻôҾ¥ҵûȥ

󲻽⣬뿪԰Ѿ¥òгϢôúͺֿ

ȷʵеǿ¥뷨꣬ҴȰǱߵľ¥ҶЦŵȹ꣬ڵʱһǰ˵ףô

Щ᲻úĸ׷ֿĸǸˣ㲻ٶ˵ʲô

Ҷھִ˰£ȶ󣬱ݡ
طķֵ궼ˣֻݵһҡ

Ҷű¥Ҳƣֻص˾ǡ
ջػƸý˵ס

˵Щ׵˼ңൽѻƸżˣһֱԻδδɾܾ˵ҪҶ
Ҷ˵źּҵŮŷҲдŸ͸¶׵˼

ظʱҶͺͻŷ˵Ļŷ˵˼ǣǶͬ⣬ȶףŹҲСˣںͳס
˵ҶתЦ˵Ź˳ǲ֪ô롣㲻ϲ˼ңɱ˼ңұ˵˼ҡ

ĸףҡȵ
ҡҡͷֵͷˡ

ϲŹˣҶЦ

ãͷ
żңżŮһȥҲͻͨ⡣

ȻǶԸ⣬ҾȥסҶؿŶӵȻڶ˹һһ⣬ϣԶһһ⣬֪𣿡

ĸ׷ģҾֱ֮ˣһֻһλˣ֤

ʵϣ˵
꣬ϾٰüҲһֱТ˳Ҷ

ҶҲûΪģڻȢ׺󣬱һ֧ڶӣڶӵ˿ʼ¡
ʶ˸ɽʳһȦŻصǣʼϡ
ʱѲ꣬׸ҶһƷھνĽ


乬Ϻ1

ˣʵگԻ
޵£ԣıá
޹ʮֻ꣬ϳţƳ乬گһ

Ҷʶһɤӵ
ۺ󣬿Լڵϣǰվһּ̫һ۵ˡ

ϣּɡ̫ѵ

Ҷȴû붯ձ˶ʮӣ۵ֻܿŹŮң˵ʮַ˵ּֽ

ϣ㻹Ҫ̬ʲôʱ򣿡
վڶĳ·ͷĺıص̥ûҪǷ⿪ѵ֪𣿡

Ҷߣ

δСһͺ󡷣ԭţ󽫾ʮȨŮԼҲǴСϰ䣬˼˾Ǻ΢ӳ·۸־˳·Դ˶˶

ԭ֪·ǹӽΪľҵʮȨ
ԭΪ·İ˳·ԣ޸˳·ĸҰ·ճɹ

ɳ·ϻλͿʼɣ·Ϊȶԭ
ԭһͥ䣬һؿʼӣȴûж·ÿμҲԽͷ

ǰ֪·ͻȻ磬ȥҳ·ʱ͵·׸ĶԻԭ·ϲȢֻΪ˽ұȨ·ȻλҪ˳ҡ
ԭͳ·ۣ·㡣

գŹͻȻ·վͲȻŭϺ˵ߵ
ʣһµˣõֶ
Уȥ꣬лӳ

ʮ꣬ԭ乬Ҳ˾塣
ֱǶղңɱʵۣ·ʱֻһӴ
ǸԭȥƷ£ԭ׵ۡ
ԭ̳Ͻɽʹǵظ׵ֱۣ׵۳;ƿȥӷΪ͵»ʺ

ڣҶʹڶգ·ŭϺʱ

ϡҶѿڣҷʮ꣬Ҫˣ檲㣬񳼡ƣƯɣϾǻϣ󹬼ǧֻһˡ

㣡
·ס˵ޱ壬ɫ𣿡

檲û˼Ҳ˼ҶˣҪξΣҲԣȻϣǾɡŹ̥檲ϡ
Ҷ̧֣շ£ңﱾʥּɣֻϡԼϹۣ˵Ĺ

·ҶڷҶֱʣ˵ƣ־Ҷǣֵֹܾġ
Ҷ޲ֵؽּ·е㲻Ӧ
ǰҶضƴ֣ɽҶ۽ǹһᣬŶЩ

ҴҶʥּ·˦ŻϣΪ֮гһ㷴ʡúã˵Է

ͷˣô࣬ǲټǵó檡ҶܾŲҪ·ȥ󣬿Լ뿪乬

·ҶǷȴ޻




52.   52    乬Ϻ2

·һ, йʰҶ̧乬

乬ķ϶꣬Щ·, ܿ춼ˣҶˣֻһ
ԺӲݱ˻Ҫ, ıֳʪ, Ҷձ̧, ;öܡ

, ܸص, ֮ǰõĶ, Щε, ūǾˡһͶͨŵСͽðȥȡɡū澲Ϣˡ

ִˣֻһҡ
ټĹ, ֻҶͰ
ûҲû, ۿžҪҹѰ
ԭֻסʮ, һ纮, ˹η, ۵ùͷ졣

Ҷڴ, ۾Ѿˣô, ʲôûУܻȥ

Ҷſڴϣǿ¶һЦݣɵѾͷˣҲáΪŹҪңΪԽң÷ңý췴Ӷҡ

ҾˣǿôźãүһŮӶó裬ү֪ϣϾͻһϷѡ
ˣС͵͵ūһƿҩūȰͿ㡣

Ҷ˶ʮӣȻûƤĵزȴҲƤһƬ
Ұҩʱ۵ҧס
Ҫҳ·

ȰҩҶϵңҹʱӸæű͹룬ǵҲҪúõػȥ
޸·ʮ꣬ҶĻʺȻϣȴʲôûС佫ңϸ˵ܼ
Ҷ޵ʱ򣬽Ҿ͸Ҷʮϸʣĸȥ궼ڰҶ¡

Уұϵ£ҲҪҶ۵ûʲô۾Ҫմȥ
һң˵ʲôʲô

Ҷﰲźʱ·صĹ

ڵֻг·͹ˡ
ɫ԰׵ڳ·Уϣ𣿡

·ؿأƲǰµļƷ˿Ѿѽͽ乬ˣأείˣһиĺӡ
صһ̥ͱסǳ·Ϊ˷ϳҶʺ󣬺عһϷ

ϡظжᣬֻҪΪ˻ϺãóʲôԸ⡣
һַֻԼƽ̹Сϣ۵׻һĨɱ⣬ǻϣһһʲôô죿

õģ˶ʮӣ˳ǻȥȥ乬ֵطҲҪΪˡ·޲ɱΪ˾ƣܻôһˣ乬˹͵
ͷ

Ȼʮꡣ
ȥʮ꣬ΪɵұȨ·Ҷ
żңԺͽҿ⣬͵Ž׸յϱϵϢ

ڳ·ʱҶõ˽ķˣһЩ˵ʣˣܳԡ

һǵؿʣʣˣЩˣǸҲԣ̫ˡ
һ̰ɣ㷽ŲǸͷôеģͻ͸ɾķˡҶǰǻʺȻҶʱζڣһֵܼǡ

ҵĶѾùУӶû˵ܺȻӵøѹˡ
ҹǵϸˡ

ҶһĶ乬óһӣڴغͰҵҴһЩҩ¯ѵȣЩӦӦ乬һβҴ̫ණϵ˺ˣǾͳȥҲҪʺƺ󹬡
ҶģӶЩ˵ˬʣӵ˻ʺǶǡ

ȺҶߺ󣬰˸ɾѣҶһ黻ˡ
Ҷ˵ˣǾͳأЩģҪѣˣô죿

Ҷ乬ˣҲҪиʬ乬͵ߣ·ɽｭҡ
ߣǾҪ乬

ҶϸɾѺ٣Ҷ˵Ȼعͷ侲֪߲ˡ
ڰĴУҶҵı飬֪һüңһнյĽ֮ǰ鰮ɱ˫ۡӴҾͲǻʺֻǽϡĪüͷˣҺ˺Իг·

ںڰвᣬԣ˵öԡֻҪϾͲҶֻҪţлȥ

һ£Ҳˡ
乬׻䣬ҹҶüΣ˯òȡ
ӹȥһ£Ҷµ硣

ҶͰ
ΪǮͷ̫ûȷÿҲֻ˺Ͱ׷ˮûС
ںҶЩǣԼС¯ӳһζҲ㡣ջõĶԺӵĹľӲˡ

ϴС̫˰ҶͰҼ򵥳˵㣬ͷѱóɹ

֨ѽһ乬ͻȻˡ

Ҷеı죬תͷſڵķ򣬼ش˽ߵ˰ߡ

󵨽ϣﻹ񣿡йŮ
Ҷȴû˼乬Ϣǣ۾̫ã֪λˣ

ŮҪڣȴ¡
ӵû
˵ʵǰͦҶΪҶǻʺ󣬻һǵơ

˵乬ÿ࣬Щ㵹ǲҶˡǳЦ

ԭŹȷʵˡҶңȴŻңôõĽ飬Ǹжǻ֪ˣǻ㲻ɣ

Цˡ
ҶϣЩӣ֪ҶúûţЩġ·ʱ̲סҶָ糣ͻôЩװס
ַܿЦͲ汾ˣ˰ﱾ׼Ķýɡ

ظ˵꣬һȺŮŶ乬Ĵһоʹžˤ鶫
ǰһǱҶš

㲻Ҫ⡣Щ̫ˣҲΪ˽ãŻ㴦ЩЦӯӯص

Ҷҡͷ˵ûϵһƬģҶˡģϣԺҲкñΪǸӻء
Сʱ˵Ǹ˹˺ӣǲתͶ̥Թĸףһֱĸߡǿ¡ѽ˵ĺ⣬ֲԼŪġҶתŰߣлĺˣлᣬٺúл㡣

رҶ˵ɫҰףֱ乬û
ȷʵεδĺӣ뵽ҶĻëȻĸо

Сģ
ûע⵽̨ףȿպˤȻŮסȴŤ˽š

ȥȥҪȥؼæ

乬ҶŵĻǼ٣Ϊû˵
ȻǼٵģңҵȻҲҪҶһӵǽ壬ȥɹı컹úõأĹư裬ȫˡ

Ź̫˰ɣҷ߷ߵ¯ӱˣ·Ҳȫ˺٣ǺȲˮҲˤˣȻһõĶû¡
Ҷ뵽صٿŵбٻĶע⣬ңҹҶʱúҶ׼׹Ůѡ

Ҫʲôʡ
ȻҪأҺӣ£һѵҾͲսҶ߷ߵ

ʰŰѵеĶʰɾ
С̫໻һֱȷβܰôǮԷҪˡ

һŹ˻̫ࡣűƽС̫ūᵹϣ˵ģǺӻȥ

ûгҶҲ
һֱȵں󣬺Ҷ˹ŮҶŻѳȥ

ԭСھӪ˵ֵ࣬ȴҲһù򡣺˻ʺͣ˼ӻڡ
ҶӣʱʱͻŰһ

ϹŮѺҶðҺ·ðȥƷҲȥص޹

޹ԺʱѴڣҹС̫վű۴
Ƶ޹ĺ棬ԡ

ϲ飬ʦñдվôûأԡͰУü
ϲذӲ壬ҲҶ˵ЩҲЩ£Ტ˵ˣȻʦ˵ãȻõġʦǸһôаﲻܽ˰

˵Ҳԡؿϵķ飬̾˿ҪǻھͺˣԴӱСº󣬻ϾûҲ֪ﻹûб
ŸճС£ָϾټˡϲ鰲

ȥһϰɣǸˣűС£ﹴϡȱһҪԵͷԡϲ飬ûʲôͻȻһЩСӤڿޡ
ϲͣеĶȥûаǲʲô

Ϣȫעȥȷû󣬲һ
ϴشԡͰгȴһԹĿ϶ϲ飬𣿡
˿̣ļƤ

ϲҲԼһЩŵöеˮưβӤڿް
ҲˣŵˣȴΪ۵ˤﻹصӤĿ

һУ޹Ͽա
صĸ첲ȻۣȴϾ˼ֻҡͷ˵ҵģ㱾ͱסİ

ȺĹŮ䴫Уæôˡ
ûʲôŮȴҡͷ

ôûУطԴŵŮæȥ̫ҽȥϡ

ᣬҶѾˡ
£ҲҪƿغöȡ
ȥʱ˳ȥصСһЩԵġ

Ҷ乬ʱҺͺҶҲ͵˸Ʒ
Ҷó㣬Ҳ³ԣһ£Զٺõġ

Ҷ˸ȾˣҴڳԼ⣬㰡ǰÿϡ棬ڳ˼ζ
ҶҲÿóԣԱز˲죬һ͵һƱæʣЩǮ˭͵İ

ļ⣬ͷϵǮҡͷ˵͵ģǰī͵͵ģī˵乬ӲùǰЩӻ϶乬ýûǮ˸ᣬһƱ
ū澱˼Ҫģ뵽ͷ̫໻ˣպǸѣ¡Ҫպһỹī
ˣī˵Щӻһ


Ҷԭ飬˻ᣬ뵽˶˭

˶ճʱĸѪˡСܳ谮Ϊ͸Ͳ̫࣬ȸǶսûڣʶΪ·ǻΨһ

Ҷռ޸·ʱ˶ʮ꣬ǻӣȴССֶǲġ
Ҷֺ󣬰æźˣȵǰһ˶û̫ѧ˶ŵԿʼ顣
ҶæŰ·գûرע˶˶Ǿȥ밲

˶һƱҶʮ⡣
ǳִ󷽣乬ҲòôǮҶ૵

ūҲ˵ҵͷī˵Ǯ಻£ܻ´ʱһ㡣
˵ʲôҲ⣬˵й飬ѩ̿һѾܺãΪλҪ

Ҷҡͷ˵֪Ҳ²ʣ




53.   53    乬Ϻ3

Ҷڼ֮ǰ, ÿնȥص޹һȦлûȥС͵ԵĻȥ
, Ӵ⹬ֹĴţظһ

հͷС̫˵ķ
ҿû, ֱӰѷ˵ˡ
µ¯, ÿյķҹȥ, Ϊ, 㲻ỵ

Ҷһ⣬Ļ, һڷ, , һ㰡ôǲ꣬˷ѡ
ҿϵ, Щԥ, ⼸գ᲻̫ˣū澸оԸĶ, ˡ

Ҷ۰, ǰװ۵, , һźãԱء
Һ˵غر𲻶Ը, ѾǱ߷˵Ϣȥ͵·ͷˡҶеϧֲ乬Ϊʺʱһʣ¡

Լգоȷʵãڳ
һȫԹˡ

ҶŰ乬Ȧںٳȥ
Ӵ⹬ƵøһЩֻһۣҶ֪·ˡ

޵У·ɫ԰׵أü̫ҽ˵ˣ㲻ҪôĴʦҲչôһЩеûģ
·ǲаЩɿһȥҲëëģҹʱҲﲻԾ

ϣץס·֣ҡͷǵģÿնˣڹҡ

·ü˦ص֣治˵ô㲻Ҫ˵ӣڣаҿ㣿

ر˦ŵòҶԣﻹǾúᲢҶ˵ֻٹס·֣ϸϣ㱧檺òãڣ檰Ķˡ

Ҷڴ⣬˵ŵ㲻ĻƤˡ
˵ۣ·ȥ

·ߺر㿪ʼˤ
ҪļˣϺòһӴ⹬ֺͱԣˤ˼ƿſڴʹࡣ
ʱӤʵĳԴܲˣ

ԺĹˣر󺰡
һ󣬴Ҷ˵ص־ЩҶҲû

ҶӴ⹬ȥʱִһЩԵġ
ǻźŹÿҪʮˣ󲿷ֶʣ£Ķǹ͵͵ˣߵˣҶһЩҲע⡣

ɷ乬ĹǽҶҪңͿ治Զվһʮͷ꣬ѣ㶵ؿ

ʡɩá˶æ

ҶЩΣŹŮﻹװ͵ķˡ
ڨڨغͳ˶Ц£˰
ǰкݰɡ

˶Ҷݣĳ裬üͷ壬ɩҲ̫ˣīðһЩ

ô鷳Ҷ°ó߹ޣźŹ㣬ͰҼӸҹ˶ˣ²֣ŵһߣͺãѶɾǻ̫õҲᱻˣûҪ
£ҶֵϴҵһƱҺǸмԺǮˣҾͻ㡣

ɩҿҵǮöٶԡ˶æ
ǲУһ᲻˼ġҶ˼۳˶ͳ·Ǻ񣬳˶Ϊ׾Ҳ£ŮŨŨĽü£ȳ·ÿˣˣʲô

˶µ֣ѾŵһֱҡʻɩԸԸ뿪乬һ׼һеģ
Ҷܾæ˵ԣҿǰ׼Ůʬǳ乬뿪Ҳǣңܻɡ
ɩŮӣһӱڴˡ

˵ʱ˶ѾҿҶ΢΢ͷͣϣˡ

Ҷû뵽˶Ҫ˵Ƿǳ⣬˶˵ģȷʵУӴҪͷ档
ãЩ
˶ʮӵۣҶǵãĺۣ۵üû˯á
öԲԼҲԲԭ

ܺãǡҶ£ģŮܱ뿪£ҪԼһס

ҡ㣬Ҫ乬Կࡣ˶ܾû⣬Щʧ䣬ɩǲǻϲ֣

СôôأҶ˶ẹֳ̈һգһգؿһ࣬ϾСӣöֶţôҾ뻹ԼһףҵĶҶҪһһû
˶һֻ֪ҪĹҶֻò뿪乬Ծƣֿġ
ʵǹߣģô˵˶϶㻻һʡ

˶͵͵Ŷһﴽ¶һЦݣźǿȴŬЦܰɩʲô𣿡

Ҷ룬ڵĽ׶ΣǣҲȥرŵÿˣʱûɶҪ˶æ
лԸңҵ̫鷳㡣Ҷʵ

˶ȴٴδԴķҶҶһˣɩǾãŲܰﵽ㣿

ǰ¡Ҷ
ҲһԵͷ˵ǣǰүԼͺ

õģˡ˶ٴοҶʱֻϺЦݣǻɩ飬ǵңһġ
ǡ

Ҷͳ˶ȥʱСһ㣬·ߣɱ˷ˡ
лɩģһСĵġ˶ͷɵþһֻ˳Сᡣ

Ҷ߳˶󣬻ʱźŹѾˣ̾ϧˣһ㵱ҹԣ԰ɡ
Ŷ˵ԲˣϨһ˯¡

˶乬ʱīӭ˹
үô˵Ը뿪𣿡īڴ

˶ͣ£ͷ乬ԭ۾Ѿϰ񣬡˵ñæ
ǣīԥؿӡ
Ҿ͹Թ˶ͻȻЦ£תߣīȥȥҸ̫ҽҲʲôŵſڡ

һع⻬̥ݺʺ£Ҫˮʯ
˶ԹȻְæûɩ֪

գҶ׼ȥſڰķ˵ʱȴĲ˿࣬С˺ɴ䡣

ôˣҶʡ
źֻ̫ˣЩԸģҪʲôܺū˵Ըȥ鷳ˡķǲθڣūſȥ׼ġ

ǳ˶æҶ˶ǹĵģǮ׼Եġ
ҲãÿնʷͰҲȥȷˡ

˵˾лҶʳȥ󣬻ԶֿԳ֮󣬲źͰ³ԡ

ҶԳ˶мӣǸˣҲ֪ĺˣ˭ҹﶨס˵Ҳʮжôأ

Ҷǲ֣ͻϹϵһ㣬ûĸǿңûŰޣôһֱûҲ
˵ǣ˵Ҳԣ϶ޡģãҲãϲĹ϶һѡʱū꣬Ҳϲ

Ҷ˳˶꣬䲻⣬ͳ˶ΣС

ҶͰԺ
ֱˡ

ؾãʱججΪҶ˵Ļš
һȺʦ乬

ղ˲١ؿҶ

ҶԼգɻʣûоǹݣ˯ѽ

ϣè޺ӼٴȱװסˣֱӺҶ֡

ԩҶټٵؿ£乬һ֪֪㷢ʲôأ
ѲӤ飬ҹλصʱ𣿡

⻰һصˢؾͰˡ

˰סݺݵش죡ԽҶ죬Խᣬ޲ȥơ

һȺִ߳Ҫ֣ûҶͱҶµظſڵϡ
ȻϣȻ󽫾ŮżŬһӣҸһɵĹε乬£ҿҶҪˣǾż²ʮ۱أҶ˵⻰ʱϻЦӯӯģȴͬѡ

˻ᣬһϣΪ㸸׻𣿡
乬ЩӣҿһϢ

ճ·ģһҵ֪Ҷ乬󣬽ҸǱضʣ߳嶯¡
ɽҵڣ͸֪һ㶯ûСó·ּңûɡ

Ҷյţ躹ޣԴա
ؿأ֪ûϢأ

һ仰Ŀ
ҶûУҶһ٣󣬻Ҳܸˡ

ת̫࣬ǼﱾסˣһϺѣ죡

Ҷ۽̫࣬ûãѣͰһˡ
Ͳţеһ졣

̫Ƕ֣ǰĴܹܾͼҴҵشˣ·ּ⣬Ҷһͬȥĵһˡ

ԼҲҪȥҶʵЩ⣬ʱƵغһ

ȵĵȿų·ȥϣ檡檺ÿడ檺ĺ͵Եģ檣檡

һĨᣬһ·￿
·һƿ

·ǳأ㵨Ҳ̫ˣȻıã޻ʺЫĳھȻҵһң

ش㵵̧ͷ·ȴ·Ź£ʱſһ߹ŵ̫ҽ
ʡϣ˵ʲôز̫׻ϵ˼ǻϲ߻Ļ̥ô˵ıأ

·ָ̫ҽ߷ߵ㻹˼ôˣ㱾л̥֮ȴ̫ͨҽݺʺЫĳҪ㣡

һ磬̫ҽ͵˸ſ飬ڸſڡ˵ΪܵŹָʾ
ôһǵ˶֪ҶǱԩġ

ȳ·ϢʱѾƲסԵͷֻܰƳ

ǰƴҡͷſ·ϣ˲֪

˵꣬·һصϣȦסؿڷԡ

أ֤֤ڡͲҪƱˣ·¿ɲܺϹϵһ˱ִԲСżҲһ鵹ù

ϰżңرˡ
Ҫ
Ȼ϶ô㣬ٶ˵ʲôʲô޲

Թ޵ؿҶѹַҶҺ֣׼
û뵽ָʹ̫ҽȻұѻϡҶЩ¡

·ָҡͷ˰޲ٿˣϳķţʹ˴乬û޵ּ⣬ٳ

һٷĹ򣬽乬ͻȻء
ԼҪ乬ҡͷϣԳ檣Ա⳼檣ó檽乬

Ҷˡ
̫ҽͻȻķ֣صڻΪԼȫƵϡ
һĹء

Ҷغµñ鶼ˣȥοôô£乬ҲһģҸ׼ôö㶼ԼáԸⶼ㣬㲻øлҵġ

ϣˣһ߱ߣһߵ㲻Ҫ̫⣬һ乬ҵģ
ϣһٽ乬һգ

رߺҶڰع£ĨЩӣǶꡣÿÿ뵽ԩ޵ر檴ʼգԹ޹ϣΪ֪һܵɱΡ
Ҷؿų·ϣһֱڵȽգʥ

ȻҶ䶼ûָ𣬵·ȴûܸоҶ˵ĺĲһ
ֲ֪ﲻԾ֮Źֲ

·ȴҪװܸжģ϶ίˣ޲ãûиࡣ޲ί
Ϊ˷ϳҶ·ϧصĺӣ̫ҽ·ˮǵȫ˵¹
̫ҽһ㣬ͷǳ⣬Ҷͽҵжı£Ȼ̫ҽðűķգأ




54.   54    乬Ϻ4

˵óί, ģҶ۾ų·
·һۣЩȻƿĿ⣬Ȼ, ε£޲ãûе, Żôõί
ûϵ, ֪͸ıáҶĵؽӻ

·δ֮У

һ糿, ·ûк顣
ر, ҶҲعλ
Ҷ·һֱḴλ£, , 檼Ȼ޴, ǲǸøλˣ

·ҶλһӺףϻʺɲס
ɫ΢Цλ̫, ȵλպٸλ϶ôƽ, ޵İɣ

Ҷͷ˵⣬漴ȴֹĨ, ӻʺ󵽷Ϻ, ϴԩȴָֻܻλ, ϲ, Ҳ⳼檵Ѵɣ
ֻλɱָôЦ檣ָҪ˵ϱ塣
Ǹ֪, ҲҪ檲޸ô꣬ȴûϵġ

Ҷί̧ͷϣϷԣӭȢʱ˵ĶĻɣ

·˵ǣԼԼ

˺ˣǾ͸λɡ·˵Ҷֻ

ˣҶϸ˵лϣ檾֪гء
֪·ʱҪ˵Щų·

Ҷλر乬
һ糿Ĺ򣬺˻ûӦͷ˷츲صı仯

סҶǰصɣһǿʼ

乬أȴһ
乬ĶƽõĲֲ̫࣬ڵĥƤ
ķ˶ȵġ


صĶӲضƴţˣȴû˸һӦ

ϲڷˣһԸŻǽô찡
ڵϣͷɢҿɿ޵Цô죿̫ҽͻȻѣҲûԤϵ˵ǻôģ˭أô˵ϣżҶҪŵù

ǰջǵóĹȴ˷
Ҷǻˡ

Թŵౡ鰡
ضԭΪ϶һЩģû뵽ϣҲңκһŮˡֻĻλ

شӵվҡҡλεس乬ȥϲ飬Ҫţ͵ưɣûܳϣضٳ֡һҪȵգ

һҶҶȴõԡͰС
Ȼλʺ󣬸ܵģҶһ١
֮ǰҪΪ·룬Ҫһȵͺ󣬿ͻʲôأ·ҪŪʹ졣

ϴҶðҰѻ㾫
ЩǰӲõģ˷ѡҰѾ͵ݹ
Ҷȴһ㲻۵ԡͰﵹǰǰڣ˻ʺȴʲôڼǻʲôʺ󡣴ӽ𣬱ͺˣҪһ󣡡

ȴЦˣתܣӶСѾԻôָλͻദӦ

ҶתŰңҰ۵СɵѾͷһ̫ҽ£ȻҲ֪ô£һҵͷϡϺݺҲɣغ̫ҽˣضҺ֮ǣŷŪһޡ
˶٣Ļ⹬ҲȤúܣҪź档ңȥͻ˵˵ͷ۵úܣҡ˵ҪȥǶޣҲҲ

Щԥ᲻̫һ㣿
ҪҶߺߵǰ̫ͻݣҲ顣ھҪԼ˻£³˵Բңֻš

ʵϣ·Ҷͷֻܱ
ȹ󣬿Ҷ˾ƣ֪Ҷͷۡ

滹ЩҪæȻʺͷˣȻȥȸյˣһʺ󡣡治Ҷᡣ

Ҷɲǳصģһ·ҪߣֿʼĨᣬԭϰ˵Ķƭ˵ģ㳼檺ȱƶԸ⡣

·һҶޣ͵ز£ۣµġ
ô乬󣬱˰ޣ

û취·ֻºȾơ
;Ҷʱ̫嶯ֱҶٳżңŪһ콹ͷö

Ҷһ·£͸·ƣϣǲ֪乬ҹÿ˯šһ룬⼸Ҫ˯ˡ
л泼ԩϣǺһҶٱ

·ƱǿЦЦһ

ҶһһȰ·Ⱦƣֱ·ˣϵ̫С»Ӳųѣ˵·ӣٶȣǲˡ

Ҷ¶ǣһ¶ûУС»ӵС»ӣһʺѵҪ𣿻Ͻ㱾ˣأƻͻϵĹϵ𣿡
С»ͷһæ˵ңūʧˣǻʺ󣬺ӦΪ
͸ԱΪȢʱ˵һһһ˫ˣŪһ󹬵ŮˡҶƳ۳·ˣС»ȥ˵Ͻסˡ

С»·ȣ۾ƳȥҶˤ˾ƱС»ֻܷɱȥ
ȥǺ⣬ʺɲǰˡӦǻʺȥ乬һˣԲűˡ

ˣǾɡûȥͻʺ

С»ӱָȥȾȻϣ˵ˣֻӲͷƤ
ʱ򣬰˵ϺͻʺѾЪˣȥš

С»ӣūžˡ

һ磬·ڵذʱ򣬸оĶۣŻ۵
ȷԼ˯ڵذʱʱŭˣô˯ϣ

Ҷ۾˯صѽô˯ˣ

ң·תͷܣȴ벻ʲôֻǵú˺ܶ౭ȻҶˡ

Ҷ´·ߵصǵģҪͳ֣۵ö֪ɶʱ˯ˡ

ҡʲôˣ·Դֵ̧ʱ򣬸첲ʹҲǳᣬȴ벻ʲô

ѽô˼ңҶתɬ
·ˣҶͰѳ·ˤϣ˺üţ춼
Ầߵӣװġ

·ҶȴͷƤ顣
У
·˸磬ðˡ

ѽôðˣӦ檵ģġҶһرɬر飬Ūó·ΪԸҶ˲¡

һ峿·䲻ȻȹæС»ˡ
ȳ·ͿʼС»ӣôģ㿴һ㣬ʲôȥˣ

ϣʱˣūߣǻʺðūҺͻʺִС»ɥ

ûõķһС¶첻ã˯һϣߵָҪôҪʺˣ·ԽԽʹˡ

С»һ仰ҽӣֻܵͷȥϳ
ȴû˵̫ˣǻûǸ˼ʺҲܹƵóѰ
ãʺһܸˡ

Ҷȷʵ鲻뵽·һϲȻı飬Ӹͷˡ

밲ˡҽ

˰ɣ˵ӲʣǶȥɡҶص
ūȥҵ

Ȱһ˵ʺӲʣ뵽ޣ㶼֪Ϊʲô
üŹһģҲĿǰͻʺˣǾûڲʺ

Ⱥߺ󣬺ҶţҶġ
ѯҶ뷨Ҷ뿪ʹҾͰæ׼˰š

Ǻܵڹҵ
дŵʱ򣬻֪Ѿ乬ҶֽдѴ乬Ѹλա

·ϣ꣬Ҳû˵ˡ
ҶܰλҲ




55.   55    乬Ϻ5

ȥ, ̲סʼģҪ, ϥûлӣҪһ𣿡
һλӣÿӵĸ, Ҫ, ͵ȥĸӡ֮, µ۵ǻ, ġ

Ҷҡͷ˵ǣԼƽ̹С, Ǻͻͬô, ͬͻк, ԱԼһС

ôĿɤˣǰѻ϶𣿡

ҶѰǰֲҪ滳Уó·ñ, պҸ¶ðͺá
Ҳ̫˰ɣôһ, ҵѪɾҪˡ
ͻ£ǸáҶ֪·ľǻλ, Ȼ, Ҫ, Ҫó·ĶǶ̳в˻λ

֮, Ҷȥĵ³·
Ūó·ֻ˵æ˵Ǻ󹬶, ±Ҷȥ

ҶӺܲϲ󹬣Ǻϴ˭ҲȥǴӻ߽㡣
ô˰£ʮµף˶֪ʺ˭ҷ£ҪԴͷ

ȳ·˰ٽʱɶ̫һˣǰͲȥǹȴڰʾȥʺ
·֣ʱҶྐྵӣҲʲô¡

檲μϣ˰Ҷйӣӭ
·ͷҶһ˴޸յʺԺɣϸ񰡡

ϸһġҶЦûйزɷԲǲʵһ㣬һģҪҹǡ

·òյֶ£ЩӣܵżҵӣΪҶ˵飬û뵽Ҷأÿڡ

Ͻ볼𣿡ҶЦӯӯؿų·

ţǵİɡ·صͷ裬Ǿ㷽˵أżһֱѹ˼ȥﲻˣ硭

żҲ̫˰ɣȳ·˵꣬ҶϵżʲôȻҸʩѹ
ĪҪżңżеǵȨֻҪǸ£檾øǡ˵񼫣˼ôﲻˡҪ˵żڣɴżҺһȥˡ
ѽһ˵̫ˡŲ˵磬ʲô

·˵سֻصˣҶ˼˵ˣǷسܡ
õһֻȫš

ûʲôûҪ˵ʲô·ҡͷ

檻ΪأȻûʲôǾͺã϶Գ檿áҶĵѵ󹬣ҪҪڳȵƣ׼Сˣأ

ȿȡ
뵽ϴᱳʹ·ﻹȾƣæҡͷ˵ˣĵﻹйҪæˡ

Ҳ̫æ˰ɡҶźǳȥ㲹Ʒȥĵ
·˵鷳Ҷȴ˵Ҫġ

ȳ·ߺҶȥʮȫ·һġ
ʮȫãߵ̫˵밲ˡ
Ҷæó˶

˶󣬹˸ɫȴ̫ÿ
ûڣҾһƱүһһǧƱǸл㡣

˶ȴûȥӣؿҶŻɩµó裬ǲ
СҶ

ǻɩ֪֪ʵǻ̫ҽôɣıأ˶ֵ

ҶȻ֪𾪡
˵˶Ӧ֪²Ŷԡ֪Ҳú˵ɳ˶ֱ֪Ӻ˵ˣⲻҪͳ·Ĺϵ

Ѳɡ̫ҽ飬дģҶ֮ǰó˶Сãٿ־ó˶СãֻСϻ

˶󷽳ϣɩҪ֤ף̫ҽá乬Ӵ̫ҽֻɳæ

Ҷ棬̫ҽǻϵˣôȰ

ɩͲõġ˶˵ţǰҶ־һ㣬ʱ۾Ϊίʣɩֵ֪ļıΪʲôҪͻίߣҪأ
Ͳãֺܶģ

㡭˵ʲôأҶԼѾǴ治˶Ȼ˵Ļ˵Щ±ɱͷ𣿡
ɩѵҪȥ淢𣿡˶ǰҶľѾ˰ȫߣûɩģҲԸΪ˻ɩȥ

ҶߵһߣͻȻ
ûҪ淢˼ԣ£ɰš

ɩԸ淢ңͦ˵ġ˶ͻȻһЩô࣬ҪɩġɻɩǾǧ֮⣬ԭΪͻɩľ룬ˣɩĻڻϡ

ûСҶ̾ô룬Ҷ˵ˣд㡣

Ҷ˵ûУ˶۾ˣȻɩ֣˵ԸҪʲôҶԸ㡣

ҶͻȻó˶ķӦе㲻һ㣬ȥ飬ǲҪλ
Ҷ˵꣬Ϳ˶¶˵ı顣

ԭڻɩУȻ˶ܵƳͷɩǲȸˡ
˵꣬˶תˡ

Ҷþòƽ顣
Сض˲ūӣǲϲ

ܰɣҶԾɩôϲأ
˵ҶҲȷˡ
ǰĳ˶ûЩԽصΪǴ乬󣬲űֳġ
ôһ˵

ȴ˵Ӧǵģ乬һֱ룬֮ǰжҲڰزǲǾã乬ϾͲҪˣл᣿

Ҳ̫̼˰ɡҶ

ҵʵҲûɶǺ벻ˣܺˣټ޸˭ԡϲҲдôֻҪʮ׶ԣһӢףӦֵͦġ

Ҷ룬ó˶ף񡭡ˣѽ˵ʲôءڿû˼Щ߰Ķ
ʲôģ˻λ˵

Ͻᵽأżһе㻰ȨġҶ˼Ƭ̣ңȥһżңܲ鵽żҵһЩ֤ʹ顣ҪػܲܳQ

ҶԸȥ󣬽ھǵϸͿʼ
ż⼸̫죬̲زסߣܿͱص˹ء
Ҷڳϲżҳ·Ҫһżңó֤ݣ·ĻҲˣص硣

żһʧӣеıȨҪ˶£żʣµֲȥͷس¡
Ϊˣ·æµˡ

ص֪綼󣬱һſҶùһӾͲ̫ˣ찧żһΡ

·Σȥء
ȿ乬صأȴûۣЩ

ϡشӴعڵϣ֪ӣ檹ȥĴġ檻нգǳ檵ıӦ檵ķϣĹ檵ɡ

·üѾᴦˣֻý٣ûȥš

һ볾͵ڶǵǰ̡ǻôᣬ϶Ĺ£ٸһλᡣ
ظ·ͷһʺ£ԩϿڳΪܿ˵ķϣˡ檵硣

·ػһЩ⻰еζûˣأв𣿡
޲ָǵĹְѲҪȥ淢ޣ
ȥ乬𣿡

·æ˵ǣû˼檾Բв
·üã͵檾࣬ԲŻһʱʧԡ乬ﶼȥˣûв˼

·ȴ˦˼ˡҲˣӣ˵Ļʥּ޷ųȥĻ㲻ջءô£Ѿһٵֻ۱ֻۣǻ̫š
أǰһֱܴĻٶˡ

ɫҰףų·ôˣãһѪڵϡ

ϲء

ȴ˵ãϲ飬ҵǴˡ
˵ˡϲŵ
޶޲ûİҡҵͲôӦϵĻȻǿĺ˵ܼ̫ӦⶼǱӦ

乬Թߵ˶
ֱͷС̫࣬˼ûӦŽȥʱŷѾˡϲҲصʬϣһȥˡ

Ҷ乬Ϣȥͳ·˵
£Ҷ

·ˣֻһ£Թɥǰء

ҶغͰҳ˻ŵʱܾĥȴ˷˿ģ٣һ㶫Ҫá

ҲҸ˵ִ治ĻҲŹֵãΪô࣬ȴֻһ١

صָ˸ѣҪͻʺԣȻк³
ҶǰԽɣк⡣

ôһ£ҶյĶҩ̫ҽ
̫ҽϲҶ˵Ѿһࡣ

ҶԼʵɶûеĶӣȴܸ˵صңȥĵϢ߻ϡ




56.   56    乬Ϻ6

·Ҷϲ, еӡžϡ
˵ʲôŵؿŰҡ

Цӯӯصū˵ϲϣʺϲء
, һΣôϲأ·üͷ壬һҲˡ

ػ, ȷʵϲˡҵ, ǳ, ȥء

ޡ޴ȥ, Ȼذɡ·ҪסȰߺ, С»Ӻǰ, ô, ʺһΣôϲˣ

С»ӣô֪

ϣūš֪С»Ϊѵһû˸ˣ֪һλ᲻ϲ
·̾, ¿ôźãϲǸܶ

С»ȴҡͷ˵, ϣֻҪݺ, ²Ǻܶ𣿡
ʺϲ, ʲô, СѪ, Ҳǳе¡

·΢΢̧üС»ӣ㵹ޡ
һý», ǽ˻ӣٷֽĸӣĻλҪˡ

һߣһ󣬻˳·̬ȣϿһҲˡ
ܸ˾͹ˣ»ӣλʱ򡣡ҶͲñ˲źãЩӶජˣǷʲôֱϳȥ
УҩĵСӣźĻϲˮ

Ҷ·׼һԶҩڷú󣬻˵ƢΣз̱ˣһȥˡ

֮һ£ҶĬĬ·¶·ҲһֱһҶ̥
ɳ·ȴûҵһᶯ֣ҹǣۻ壬ҹԽ˯š

ֱʮ£׻ؾְҶżñĸס
ֱͦš

ǰﱻ乬ϳ쵣ģףϳοȥô꣬ŮһֱУ˽׵Ĳ
Ҷûкͽ˵е£ЦӯӯؿŸףҲǿྡ׿ȥϣ

ߡ
ǼˣӦǲ̫ϳ
Ϊ꣬׿Կó·ɵңΪŮҲһֱ̡

Ҷ̾ԴӻϵǻȷʵࡣҲĶŸкƽ
ҲڴҶĺӣֻҪһʲôˡ

̸ʱͻȻĵ̫˵Ѫˡ

ʲôҶ󾪵ôö˶˵Ѫô

С̫ΪĻͻȻȥˣһ᲻Ѫιȥ
ĻʱͱȱĺҪСèһﱾѰһСĻûˡ

Ҷͽһȥĵʱ򣬳·ոѹںҩ

ϣڰ˳䰡ҶأӹСеҩ룬·ιҩ
·ҶŮˣٿҶ΢΢¡СãƲͷ˵ˣˣʺȥЪϢɣԸҪ

檲µġҶ
Ȼأͻȥ·ͻȻ׵ŵ̫๬Ůæ£ȷֽЩƣַһЩ㻹УްѲͲˡڱѹ뿴Ҷ

Ҷͽ״ĵ󣬽׵Ƕ㣬ʮֲϲ
Ůϲ׾ûϿ϶ɷŮٴΪŮǰ;

ҶСͲϲŮˣٶ๦Ҳûã½ҹĻλҪ

˹ͬ̾ﶼףΪҶԼΪ˽ң·ĲһֱţϵҶʱ

ʵϣ·ȷʵһֱ˳ϦûҪõ˼
֮ǰܿӣȴ˵
еһĳӣó·̫ӡ
·Ը̫ӣ̫ӣǻø졣ãԼõġ

Ҷյĵ·ڿԡ
ڵ·Ұ׵Сû̫

檲μϡҶ

·ƳҶ۾
ӣĲҶϽ׻ؾְнھǣܰ
Ĳ̫أÿջã·ӽǡ

ʺʲô

Ϧ檿ҶǵûҶ˲ϣҪ

·ЦȴҪǰ̬
κ᲻ȻضҪҶ˺

Ҷ·˵ת̾ϣЩûУ
·΢΢ۣЩˡʺæһЩȥϢɡ

Ҷȴ˵æС»˵һһ޵˯ţҪ꣬һꡣ
檻ǵãռ޽ʱ˶Ȱ檲Ҫ޸ǻȵϲ˵ԶˣԺô䣬㶼һһش檡
ǺһһɣϣôЩ꣬檶ǵöգų檵˵ֻᰮһ

·֪ҶΪλᵽЩǷܵЩȻ˺ܶˣȷʵһֱܺá

𣿡
ҶߵأŴĳ·ͻȻЦ£С»ʲôͳ˵ء
˵صĺӣԼݺ檣ǻΪ˷ϳ檣źõġ
˵ϼɵҶ꣬Ȣ檣ΪҲǽұȨ
С»˵ϴʼգԳûһ˿һء

ϣС»Ӹʮ꣬õĸĻ檿ŰɣҶų··ɴ۾תЦˣɳǸŻϣֻҪͳ˵һ䲻ģɱС»ӡ

·飬С»ŵˣС»ȴ¶ô໰ⲻǰѵݸҶô

϶С»Ϲ˵޴û˼·ϵ
ҶͷǾͺá굽ˣ檲Ϣˣ¡

Ҷߺ󣬳·С»֣ȴСӣС»أ
ػϣС»£ѾʺﴦˡЪϢūźСӹص

˿̣·ֽŶ顣
С»ˣҶղŵ˼
ͻȻѣԭҶ֪ص£ı

˰Ҫ󳼣
·󺰣ټĵȴûһ˻Ӧ
ɤӺˣûлӦ

Ҷȷʵǹ·˵Щ
С»ǳ·ĸҶôʣһֶ¶
С»Ӳ˵ҶҲν·Ҳ֪ʲô

·ϣҶ첻١
·ᣬӦõҪʬɲܳ·ôҲûãĵȫˡ
·ȥҲû˻·

صҶֻ°һź
磬ҶʵЩˡ
жױϴҪЪ¡

Ҹճȥ˶ʹ߳

Ҷһ£㡭Ϊλ

˶ϣҿɩ鲻׼͸ɩ
˵ţ˶óһУڴصݸҶ

Ҷ򿪺󣬷һԶ׹ÿһŶ鶼Өżֵơ

ɩϲ

ҶͷҲɫ磬ûȥˡУԺҪҹͻȻ֣񲻺ϡҲᱻŵ

˶۾ͻȻˣ󲻻
ҹʻɩһ¡
ʵ㲢ûлаɣ




57.   57    乬Ϻ꣩+ӻС

ҿɩ֮ǰ˶˵, ǻɩУ
ֲأ׷Ը̫ӡ˶ֵ, ǻɩҪԼĺӳ̫ӰɣûУֺӣ

ҶĿһ, ͻȻó˶ɰ, е¡
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶ, ܳ˶˵ʲô, ϡ

ɩҵ˼
˶ٿһɩغ, ҲҪɩ, ˭Ҫǲ֧, Ҳֻ֧֡ҪĺһأҾͻ֡
ɩģҴͲϡλǾԲġ
˵꣬˶Ӵˡ

Ҷȴüͷֱ, ˶ôһţһûô˯á

ͬû˯õ, ˡ
Ļûˣλڡ
λӵĸ, λ, Ҳá

Щ, ˺˽ͻ, Ҫ£˶ա
˴ӣ˵ϣһʺ, ֪ǶŮʺ¶ӣǵӣ˳¼λ

λӵĸҰĲ
Ϊһʺ̥Ķӱϣ

ҪҪȡһʱĸˡ
ŮӣһԵǵŸȥԼңԼҾͱ˸סˡүˣʺġ

ţֽˣŭֲģȴ޿κΡ
ǿʺͻȻôı£Ȼ£

ôү˵ܱȽϺãʱǺˣ²ʹӣԼҲҪӣһǣдڣûλҲһӵٻ󡣡

̾׶ô˵ˣȻóԼҰѱˣҲûа취
ģΪͻȻʺ󣬵ʱҲҶֻܰѲԸպ˵

ǶҶҲ˶ǡ
еС֪

һת¹ȥ·һûõ˼ԽԽݡ
ʹĥ˼£·һ

ҶҲڳҵһӤ㰲ˡ
Ӥ쳹ʱȥĵ

·Ҷ˸ӣ֣ɿ
ޡҪˡһ۽ǻ䣬·˼ûУΪ֪ôûãΪѾΪ
ڣ֪Ϊλ֪Ҷͳ˶ѾĶɾ

ȺʱҶ˲گ鵽ĵ
ϻǶΪ¼ҵĽɽһ룬̫ӣǳ͢Ҷڴأ΢Цſ·

ⶾʶòȣдگ飿·ҧ
ҲԣԳдֻҪǸ¾ͺˡҶ˵ʱСӱԸگϣȻҲͬˣɳָء

ˣˣȻޣͲ±Ӧ𣿡·ҪȴΪÿθ̧ͷ
ڵӣֲ֧˼졣

Ҷ˲گˡ
ĶǵӣнҺ֧֣Ϊ̫ӦҲ޻˵

ԭ乬Ϻ󣬲乬̫ӣ˶û뵽
˵ֻǲ̫ӣҶѾʼϾǻϵּ⣬û˸
һʱ󣬳Ƿֻʺãϻι֮ţû˻˵ʲô
иѻ˵ʲôģҲᱻҶ͵͵ˡ

һ·һزš
ҶûСӸ·ιҩó·ôţҪó·Ҳ¹Ԯζ
ֱһ궬·ûܼסһ纮Ҫݱˡ

Ҷ̫󣬸˳µؿʼѳֳ
µףеĳҶС

µʱҶѾ̫λá
峿޹￴ӣҽ˵ˡ

үִҵ
ôͲ֪ƣأҶ˵˲ܺʲô㳣һô죿Ҷʼó˶úÿеɰ˳˶ûǵ˼󣬱㲻Ըٽһ

˶ʱѾڵɩʲô
ߵϣ˱ӿɩ±˵񲻺ϣָ𣿡
˭ҪǸҶԣҾͰ˭ͷ

ҿ̫ԣĬĬ˳ȥ
Ҷü˶˵֮䣬ûܡҶ㣬ûи뷨

¡˶ɩңҲѹֻҪɩңҾԸһֱŻɩɩҪ¼£ҲԸģΪһŮۡ
Цᣬʲô⣬ָҶ

Ҷ̾˶ΪУҲ̫ų˶Ļ
ɺҶµ۵ǻλʱ֪˶Բ٣˶İѻλˡ

˶˵̫ȹ³ֻҶԸ֪ûͳ˶󰮡
һֻ뵱Ůۡ
ʮ꣬г˶İҲȷʵȻλƿȨΪ档


ӻеĳ1

˵ĸˣû˵Ụǡ˻ᣬôأ
ֻǻûӦ϶ӦԱס
˵öԣѾӻİ£ϷûУǴ㲻Ա檣ǶҪȴ϶ӦԱ⣬ǾܳԱˡ

ҶûۣĶԻ
˾ǣŻһֻۡ

δһӻУ󺵣һӻġɵﵽ֮ǰˣֻĽܡ
ԭģһУΪ˵ܵãȲѴӦ檡
ɵǸĸϻ

󣬵ȥҪԭȥԺĽ˳
ΪܵãԭòȥǮ
µģܵ˳Ϣԭȴ۳š
ɵܵÿʼ˭ҲԸȥϣԭƷС

籾ҶһӦǶǡ

ۿһéݺ󣬿Ϊʮˣ˵Ҫˮ

ͱ¶ĸ첲ߵҪˮȥһ
鲻ԸƳ۲ݶŵĴ㣬תһˮ㣬Աⲻʮֵ׳꣬аĶ˵ˣֻҪ檣Ķ֡㣬ò˵Ļɣ

ü㼱ʲôΪǣ϶Ӧġ԰ɣ㣿
ŵͷ㣬Ա컹ǣ⣡

ԭʮˣʮʮ壬ʮ
ҶܵõͲСöǷǵˣȴΪԼܳԱŽ檡˵Щʹ˱˽

Ҷˮɤ֮󣬲һ㡣
Ǹӻĵû죬ԭճȥַܵóԣһھ¥ſڣ˺Ա⣬Աиޣȴɫ㶯檵˼
ںԱ˵ĶΪƸǶƭ˵ģԭ޹ȥ֮󣬱˵ĶӶ

Ҷ̾ĻȻΪǣҿ϶ʲôԸ
ɺԱ˽Ҳ˵ʵֻҪң׸˵ЩǺǵģȳ׺˶ӣ͸լӣסǲټǡ
ΪǺ£ʵǷŲǰ

⻰һɫ˱䡣
ü㣬ɣԱ˵İ
ŵͷ԰㣬Ա⻹˵Ҫѣôƭأ

һ£ҺʱƭǣҶۿؿŶ

˵ˣԸԼţҲѳԵøǣҲûƭǡ
ԥĶУʮˣԱҲܹ

Ҷٴ̾ĶﶼȥˣԱαؿһӻеŮӡҪң޷ǿǼûдˣӻĵģԲ¡
ǾҲԣҶ˵˵ţˣģôҲأ

˵õͷͣ˵ˡ

ҶͶ˶ȵǣԼȥҵȻáаĶԱû޵Ĵ˼ҵˣҽ˺ңгдѾź򡣡
ҺԱ˵ԭ䣬ΨһĶӻǸӣֻҪܰĶӣʲô˵ҶԼ¶һ˿ı飬ŮⱲӣ޸÷Ϻ𣿡

ԼĶˡʮ˵Ҳ˵ףΪӻĸˡ
㳤ñãԺԱȿд㣬ǰ˶˵뵽ԱֻһӶӣ˼תת

Ҷߵɫ磬ȴϵ£ʵûҳȥôաҪҼ޸Ա⣬Ҳи壬ȥְɡ

ЩԸؤ̫ˣǱǰ֪ҪЦ
ĶӲءϵҲŶӽС

磬һȥɡԵ㶫ʱܲˡ

Σֻܴһȥ֡
éݷֻʣҶͶҶ˯һᣬ̫ƣĸ·Ҫչܵã˵һˡ

𵽴ȥ߲ȫȥͺáҶ۾
ͷ˵ãҶ˯źŵسéݡ




58.   58    ӻеĳ2

éݳȥ, ﴧ£·һֱͷ
˺ӱߺ˼˵Ļ

Ľӻĵ, ûǮҲûǾôȥһӵʲôʱ, ϣ
ԭŴ޸Ա⵱, ܸĽܵ, ڿ, ҪԼŬС

˼ȥĶԱЩŵ, Աʮ, һ, ǲԸ޸Ա⵱檡
˼ʱϲ죬ʮͷֻͣһϸ, ˿ڼ򵥣һ

ϲ졣Ц߹ȥк
ִ, ͣº󣬿λ, , 𣿡

㲻ǵЦ, 䲻ÿ, ȴҲ㣬ϴҴӣһ㵹衣
Ŷ, еӡ󡣡ִ𣿡
ûʲô£ǿ㾭кϲ죬Ѳ𣿡

ţһƬסв£ѲӡȻûҾˣ㻹ǻȥɣ߲ȫִ˵꣬תˣƺûеڴ

ʧŬŬ죬ȥ󣬿ѾţºԥƬ̵㣬Ҿ㻹Ǽ޸ԱȽϺá

ҶһᣬôԼҸ·Ȼ˦ƿû뵽ӣԱ¡
ü޸Ա⵱檺ܺ𣿡ҶؿŶ

תͷҲǺܺãѾûиõѡôǶôȥһԱԴĺܺãպԸշһЩҲЩϲ
ãֻҪԱ˶ӣԱ϶ᰮݼڡ

ԼȥҶԲﰡҶʵԱҲǷҲɣȻǸ޸Ա⣿
£ҶԸ֣Ҳɡ

ںˮǺס󡭡㣬㶼ûˣôȼˣ

ʲôҲ˳׵͡Ҷߵϣ㲻˵޸ԱǾ޹ȥˡԱҪֻǰӵˣֲǷҲɡ
㣬ȻðѺø㡣Ҳˣܷĵܡĵܡ

䣬
ҶĻҪö޸Ա⣿

Ϊ˵ԼȥҲ˵øǵģкµȻҪŵܵãȻôԵϵĵءҶ

Ҳÿԣ裬Ǵ˺󣬻ܲǣֻһڼңҪһˡ
Ƕ޸Ա⣬㻹ڼм£ͻȻǳãֵ֧˵öԣôĽ޸Ա⡣˵Ա׸ŬֺԱϲܸǷֵȡ

û㶼˵ãҲŵͷ˵á

ɵˣŲԸ޸ʮˣֻ޸ִСﵱˡ
ҡֻһ˵û˵ޡߵǿɱҵ⣬Ա⿴ϵǴ㣬ֲң˺Աⲻˣ˭ù

Ҷô˵֪Ǹӵġ
ԭͺܴһϵĲռףϲȢʵʲôûɻϼƶתͷһ̣˶Ӻ󣬺˸ޣӶת
ôļƵĹҲѹգûϹ

˵ˡҶתǽдʲôԵĻ𣿡

һۣҡͷ˵ûС
ʵҪһ뷹ֻڰ·ͳˣȳ󣬲뵽л㣬ֻ˵ûջ

ҶǲûջȻӶˣͷѾڣֻȥ˯
һû¡

ֵģͷˣĽٲˣҲ˯¡
Ҷܰ˯ܾãΪ̫ƣǳ˯ʱ

ϴ˰յĳ죬ô˸Ҳ˲ѡ
éݳҶȥҪԵģҳȥܲҵ

Ҫȥ㲻֣ܵţĵٴȥŰɣһ˵кء

ҶЦЦ֡Źгš
ǺҶȥ¥޷ģҪСУֻҵɡ

˼Ҿ¥ҶûջΪ̫࣬ﶼȱˡ
ֱһСᵽľ㣬Ҷͣפһᣬƹע⡣

е¿һСͣſһƽﶼƣһС;ú֡
ſڣʣСƵ𣿡

Ҷҡͷ˵ǣҾᵽ㣬ͣһţүҵľУ߽ź㣬ζƮòԶ
е֪ƵĶ̰壬Ʒ汲ģ˼ΣûɹЦŵС㻹ͦƵġ

Ҷξ¥Ըƶ漰мָǾͨܳҡ
˵ܶһƵʱ򣬸ڸŴףþ񡣡

еҶ˵ͷͷǵ˵ԺƣҶһȥ
ҶȴΪ˵УҪһɡ

ݳ⣬ضһСҲɡȥҴһЩŴ׷ԣɺãеڴ

ҶӺܶӣܿԺһڹŴ׷¿ˮӦе¿
ȿеƵķʽҶеµ䵭ԭģΪеʵڲƣϴԼȥæ

һæµ꣬Ѿһʱ¡
еͨ죬ҲŪҶŴ׷˵̲˸Ҷ
ҶڰϣһһҹŴ׷Ҹÿˡ

е˸̸ˣҶ棬ûݣҪݳǲס㳤ãͷֶ࣬ǿԣͶȥɡ

Ҷҡͷ˵Уݶӻˣ˰£ɢɢҲ֪˭š
е¸̾ߺôãֵϱҲù
ҶŴ׷ͷ˵ǣе˲˰գҲһƣүưɣҲĹǮÿһŴӾС

еЦˣң𣿡
Ҷæͷԣ֪һ᲻ᡣѾݺüˣʲôûҵȥҪ˵ˡ

ҶͷˣеĲ̣檣Ǿͺ͵ūûͨҸڵʱľƸãҾȥ˼;ƣۿ˴һС檡
ʵڻȥɲܸ˵檡
ˣһŴӵ£ҪԸԣǾԡ

ҶһͿеǸƵģϴ֣ȥ鿴ľơ
еľƺܵһֻ׾ơӱȽȻƵƷʻԣˣ˿

ҶһƣߵǰֵĵطԾơ
һСƣûÿܿԸ
һ˼ƵĿˡ

һ磬Ӿ֪˸ܻߺȵС
ҶŬҲûа׷ѣе׾ƣ֮ǰն

ҶҪȥʱеóʮͭ壬ҶǮ
ƹǮܲȰҴţҶеһϴôǮǲȫҴһ㣬ȡ𣿡

Ҳɣˣ϶̰Ǯе±֤꣬ҲȥȻ˲ȫ

ҶŴ׷Ტ
ŲԸȥչ˼棬нŵˣǰԭȫȫǣȴԭȥ檣ɼûĵģֵķ

ҪǵʱҶͻȻ˽ס
תͷԱ⣬˲ü

÷ǴĶԱ۾·Ҷϣ߹
ҶͺԱԱ⣬֮ǰ˵ˣҲ˵檡

ˣԱôͻȻأ¶׼ˣ˵ޣ׼żܵö𣿡
˵ţԱץҶ֣Ҷ㿪ҶúãûеҪƸȢ檣Աڴ˺üա
ҶͻȻ˵ޣúԱˡ

Ҷһ󲽣Ա⣬ء⸽ʿѲأǶңҿҪˡҵܵãǶôˣܶǣҲԼ

ԱҶ˵ò۵СӣNɪʲôǸֵǮŮˣӿ㣬ĸ֣˶޸ӵ檣ȴԸ⣿
һ˵һҶΪ㳤мɫʸֻ֦ɫ⵽У

ҶƳԶһ죬ںԱʱúԱץסܿг˰

ִ˹һ߿Ա⡣
ԱڵϹȦѱͷˣҪˣȴǸ죬ֻЦصˣᣬᡣ

ҶԱܵ÷ɿ죬˾ӲתͷȥæĲ죬ǰһεĲ죬æм㰡ϲ죬ֶлˡ

ִ˵û£üͷһֱţϴξͺ˵ˣң㻹ǲҪ߶ȽϺá
Ҷ̾Ҳ֪ȽϺãֲܵʳֻҳһɡ

ִϴҶȥʱд˽Ҷļ֪ͥѾʮˡʮĵܵϹɻȴڼĴַԣִܲϲ棬ϾҶļ£öԡ
Ҷô˵ִֻõҪţЩȥǸˣʲôˣԶһ㡣

лϲ졣ɫˣȻȥҲȥɡҶ

ִ̧ͷϼٿҶһ߰ɣȥ
ҶߵЩߣɫˣһÿ

ִҶé⣬Ҳû˵ȥˡ

ҶִӰ˵ллŽݡ
սݣͿ˹Ҫڴ

㣬ʲôԵĻˣҶڴտպΪʲôûа
⻰һڴͶҲü

Ҷ̫̾ˣҲҲûԸʩ᷹˸ҡ
ŶӣҲһǿôҲûԶ

죬ͷ
ΪҶԵĻ㶼ûǣΪǾֺöˣȥһ춼ûɶ

ĶӶáУûؿҶ㣬ûҪʳ𣿻˵Ҫˣ·ϳ꣬Ƿ֣

˵ʲôҶˣʲôʱǰǷԼǰ棬ҳһ죬ʲôûԵȥüΣǶҵ𣿡
ңôܻ·͵ԡô룬ô𣿡

סվôˣԲŻôҶ
ɲϣҡͷ˵ûС

ģͽ춼ûôԶǽϣԹ޵ؿҶ㣬ʹӦԱɡʵڶܲˣҪٲԵ㶫Ҫˡ

ɫѰֻеһֹΡ
Ҷı飬ֻȷҪˡ
ҭڻ谵ȥ檣Ҳﲻǵġᣬһø㣬ԸԼ࣬Ҳܿܿࡣ

˵ˣԱ檣ǿԵˡ
ĺöٴĶˡ޸ִˣŬһ£ʵڲУ˵

ŵִҲؼˡ
е½ٴպ˲ˣһͷִڶ̲סԹִôͲһأһʮ꣬ʱܽײĵˣȴҪôѳԡҪȢϱС鶼˴㣬һҪ˵Ĳ𣿡
ÿΰܣ㶼˵Ҫ㶼ʮ˰ֲûǮȢ㻹Ҫʲô

ִĬĬһ˷ͷҪǲԸһҲС

أеֵϻǸӡҸ˵ôڣ㶼øҳסҪףͱ
еʵǲٳԼķ˹꣬극ÿճԷʱ尾һ˵ѳԡ




59.   59    ӻеĳ3

Ҷջ, еʱеڳһ̺Ĳˣһ֮, ֪е²ӣæˡ

еҶһ³Ե, ͵Ĳ, , ÷ǲ֪, ԴӹҾûԹķˡҶȢϱ, , ǿҡ
Ҷ, ҲûԹٺõģ˵æѷˡ

ԱҶֿʼȥơ
Ͻ֣㱻Ա

Աȥ, һֱߣῴҶ, ˡ
ͷ¶棬ɺͳߵ, кӸ, ȴ, ҪϽͷ, ǶҪ㶪ˡ
Աóһӣģ, ֻҪӦң£ҿԼ̡

ԽǵòҲúԱ

Ҷ¾ƺԶվһλ׺ĸˣЦеؿźԱ⣬Ա⣬ôϲңӿ֪

ҼǸĸϻʲôԱǾһԲĸһŮûС
㲻ù˼ֻҪӣұǸĸϻ㵱

ҫ.˵İʹͬͬ𣿡˳˹ؾסԱĶ䣬ݺתһȦ۵úԱԭš
˵ţָҶ㣬С꾫һû̵⣬ô檣ôȥԺ

Ա۵ô󺰣˿֣С꾫ҵģҶǱġ

ʱͣΧۣ˶ʶԱ򸾣֪ԱǸʲôƢԵˣָźԱ˵ˣҺҫʲôӣѵ㲻ݳǳĻ¥ͣһƯСﶼҪǰ˵仰ô͹Сأ

ҫָָ㣬ҺɫҲǸö˼ҵĹλͷ¶ƣ

⻰һҶҶ
Сһǲȴܿµģ
ʱҶѾĨᡣ

ǵڣҲóơҶһ߲ᣬһߵӻĵݳǣ±߻ܵãΪ㣬ҪǲǮôء

˼ҵǧС㣬ЩŲŲĹء
һ˼ҵССҪɻһģŵҲǳе¡
⼸ջ񲻺ãӶùҶ˵ﶼˣܵãɶһЩͬ顣

ҫס䣬Ҷ޵ÿȴ޵Сӣһ죬ڵģ

ʲôأ
ִѲ·һȺΧţ߽ȺУҫüô㣿
ûץȥãֳɧŹ

ִһڣ˶ע⵽Ǹ֡֡
Ҷִ̧üһִۣ˹Ͱ͵غһϲ졣

ҫӲһʱɵ˹ٸǰ˲˵ôᣬᡣ
һ˵һ߸ʹɫҾǹƣû˼Ҷɢ˰ɣɶÿģ

ҶؽӻԱ⣬ɲҪƣǿȢΪ檡һװ׺˼ҵĹԸ޸㵱檣ɧš
תͷֿˣˣҶ췢ģи檵ͷ׺䣬ú

Ȼ֪ԼʲôУһ˹ȥ⣬滹ô鷳ʲô

ҫջֲۣҶԣֻ뿪ִû㵱ߣȥ˸ãʮӲŷˡ

ҶӸóʱﻹҫˣǿϧ˰ʱ䣬ʲôƶû
صʱе²֪߷ʲôһ϶æŴףҶԸֻҶû⣬ǲ֡

÷ҽһ⣬鷳ˡе̸ˣЦŵûҲûϵ˭ӶùҲˡ
Ҷһӣ⣬мС㣬Ͽʼæ

ִӸûʱ򣬻ûţᵽԺƮζⲻǼϵеա
Ѳɸ¹˲˻

ִŽȥ㿴Ҷ̲˳õס
еӾִû˰ϴֳԷɣ÷æпڷˡ

ִذѸһô£ͺüͷøˣô˹ȥأ
ԲϷˣҲһɣҪҾǿû˵ֶ뷨ƯеҲԼС˼ҿˣСر㣬С˵˵Ը⣬ϰס

ִˢؾͺˣ֣
˦ȥҪҶ˵ˡ
ɵϿɿڵķˣҪ˵ʱȴ̲סʿˮ

ҶִʱҲЩ⣬ܿ͵ˡ
ϰں꣬е½Цŵƹģﻹȥ

Ҷһߣе¼һ⣬۶֭øãòζ
̧ͷƳۻվŵĶӣߺߵǲԸԣԸа׷ȥ

ִŷ㣬ԥһ˵
Ҷһ£һٷر㡣

ԱҶȥơ
ȴһЩӣͻУöҲ
Ҫȥʱִˡ

ϲ죬𣿡ִһֱԼҶʡ
ִҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҾã㻹ǱȥƱȽϺáʱӣҫԸˡҵ֮ǰæҺ͸׶Ը㹤Ǯ

Ҷִ˵ñŤŤ󷽵ЦҲԶھſڡҰһڷԣܺáǮһԼϲҪžͿЩ߰ɣллΪ롣

ִ㶵ŶһȳȥۻĺԺһƬ˵أҪԴһЩ˻ȥ
Ҷͷ˵ãִߺٳȥơ

֮һգҶżһԵĻȥ󲿷ʱ䣬ֻȥ
ԽԽûкɫòٳȥַԣֻжÿǴԵĻȥ

һգҶӳյéǰͷڿޡ
ˣ㣬㵨Ӵˣôɵôף

޺۾ԹܹҲôûԱҵʱûŻˤҪһ㣬ôᱻԱⱧ
ȥִִʱ򣬼װִǲ죬ĳֺã϶ʱִʪˣܽ˵޸ִ
ɶҵȣûִΪ̫ûվˤ·ĺҫ

ҫͺɫˮ붼ûȥ˶˳˺ü¡
ʱŵý˳Ѹ˸
ӣ޸ҫĻֻ뿪ݣȥĵطˡ

ҫϳºף˵Ҷ˶Ȣ˶Ҳһ
ã˶֪ˡ

ߵò֪ôźãֻӦ»£ɶȴŲԸޡ

մڼʲô鶼㶼磬˼û£ŭˣԼһ㣬Ҳнա
һߣСصʵ㲻ÿ޵ôģ֮ǰ㲻һֱĽôڿԼ޸Ա⣬ӦÿĲǡ
ͷ˵ǣ԰㣬֮ǰ˵úԱиڸϣӦø˲ǡ
ͺԱҪ˲񣬾㱻ԱȱˣҪʮӣܲܰװ׼һ㡣

п˵ô޸ԱãֲԼ޹ȥá
ޣô죿
뵽ԽԽ

Ҷû뵽ᷢչ͵ʴףִ˺ҫ
ҲǸõģʱ򲻰׽㣬ȴֻҪ
ɤӣɥı飬Žȥ




60.   60    ӻеĳ4

ս, Ҷȷˣ˼صŶ, ô£ǵȪ֪οǣ

Ҷ˵˻, , غ, ֪
±, æöСһ㣬ôʲô, 㻹Ӳ𣿡

ͷʹ, Ҳ, ޸Աģô͵ͷأ
뵽ԱܣĶû, Ҳüˡ

ҶȴûʲôоǶԸû˼, ҲнաָõԵĻҲ, , ֲǽ, ˭Ը
ټٵذ˼, Ҷȥ¡

һû˯ţֱЪϢ
뵽Ѿ޷ı, Ǿͼ޹ȥˣͲ˲ôãںҹӡ
ӣԼ϶ԡ

ڶö˯ʱҶˡ
Խ䣬ı©éݣԼǮҪӿǮٶȣȻҪéݵ⼸˸

ӼȥҶȥ˾֮󣬾ˣҶһʱԽԽ֪ҾҶͭҲһ㡣

Ҷеµһľƿ̳ӣȻʱ䲢ãƻңľؼԲãС˶
տ̳һƮеָմһ̾𣡡

ҶҲһ㣬ȷʵ
еſڰ˸¯ӣһС㿪ʼԲӣŹ̰׵֭ϷڣζҲӽβƮ˳ȥ

˭𣿡ͣϸᡣ
˸Žӻǰζͷһŵ˵ľ㣬ȴˡ

˻ᣬѰ
Ҷ¯ӱߣˣ̳ԲӣЦʣҪҪһ룿

ԲӾӨ̰֭㣬˿˾̲סҪҧһڡ
Ǿһ룡˵

һ³ԣϾ˸һ鳢ԣ֭˵ľ㣬Բӵ;ܿҶľԲ⡣

û磬Ҷ̯
е°һᶫСҶоƣôͲأ

ҶֻϣͲԲˣſˣǲŻԡԽǵòĶԽǹ̫࣬ǳˣò˶ʱˡ
еûʲôͷԣʲôʲôӪҵǺüҶ˵ʲôš

ԲӣҶе¼Ŵס
գǵľԲҲҶǮ

ֱգҶû
éװܲ˵ģҪȥȥǲȥҵġ

Ѿϼ£֮󣬱ûôģ£ҫġ
˵Ըȥңߵߣ£һֱȥɱҡ

һԲ˵˵ҫӦһȥңϵڱ£ַԲŴ㡣
ǿȰ㣬㻹ʲôأȥҵֲ㣬ôԸȥأǶһĽãˡ

˰Ϊã顣ҶԹޣҶӦԱףҲü޸Ա⡣޹ȥһҪúã˿Цôéݴţȥ˺ңʳǣǲǺӡ

ҶŲ˵
ʲôⶼǶԼѡ˵ҲãɵҲգʥĸ

ֱ˽׵ˣߺҶ¶ɿı顣
ԭŵȴ湻Ǯ˦û뵽
Ҳãʡ鷳ˡ

˶˺Ҷ´éݣԭӵĿռ䣬˲俪
һʱɨԼϴ˸裬ְ©ĵطϣû˶ǣͦ⡣

սҵĶҹ͸ɵһʱûҫ
һѾûؽ¶ͷϵĸͷүˣڷЪ£ԸЪ°ɡ

Ŵû뵽һͻȷʵദ
£ԼЪ¡

һߣҵһ񷿣һľ崲ϡ
ǽȻԵúܱûںԡ

Ǻ⣬ŹԲĶƤ磬ĺóԣҺþûԹôˡп㡣Ҫÿ춼ûԵķˣǿɶá

ȴأ£ǺǣͲںԷҲס񷿡ͨһԺӣҲȲ񷿺á
ɱ©éݣȷʵúܶ࣬Ȼľ崲Ӳһ㣬ȴ䡣

ڻ˸Щ
߾š

ź󣬿ǺҵСˣôˡ

˼ôˣ浱Լӵ𣿡С˲˦·Ȼ˺ңǺҵˣ֮ǰҪ𴲣ѳˮҪû˭Է

λ磬ҽǸǲ˰ü
Ҳ˼ó˵СЦûǺù٣һǺˣ˲ˣ㶼ٷϻȥˮ

һСߺ󣬲ûȥˮȥҶ
ǻûԺӣͱס˵УȥԺ
Ϊˮһںңͱˡ

Ҳùһȥ밲ȴվԺһ糿ȼʱ˻˲յ̺˶ֱ
һļ尾֪ڴ˼ﵱ檣Ǹ˻Ҫ硣

Ҷȴһһȥ˾õһա
̯ʱеҶЪϢԸУ÷㣬ǰȫһˡϴ˵Ѿʮˣ

Ҷͷ˵ǡ
Ҹ˼𣿡е̽ӵ˲죬ض̳мľҶ޹;ܴȥ

һ⻰ҶͲµеҪ˼ңҡͷ˵ûУƹ֪ģһ񣬵ݳûиǼˣ˳ֻЩҵĲԸҪҡ˺ǿҾһǮԸ˼ױҲ˵һ˼ҡ

е˵ûױҲû£ҪҶԶӵĸܣִˣ㲻ÿڡ
ִôô磿

ִһ߽ݣһߵû£̫үȻ
Ҷ˳ԥƬ̣Ǹ˽ȥ˵á޸ҫˣ

ŰҶͣĻ̾Ҳû뵽£˵ҫǸˣ˸ˣǲҵȰƫƫҪȥܵһȥ˺ңҪˡ

ִüΪβҪǹϵã
ͦãӻĺ̫ѣȫһ˳ţȴ㹻ܹϴֳԷӣ㲻˰ɡҶ¶һǿЦݣˣ˵ˣȥ˺ң͸԰á
ִºᣬҶû˵ֱ׽

еһŰײˣ÷Ǹİײˣͷԡ
˵꣬ŵִִߣ㶢˼С￴ǲʲôС˼

ҡңִ˼صɴ۾
㲻֧֧ᣬ˼˼Ҳд÷ڿܸɣģûáеԽ˵Խ⣬Ұ˵㵱ϱҪҪ

ҡִ˵ʲôأҿûǸ˼
û˼ʲôеºߺߵҪû˼սȥ˼ңΪҲ֪ǰܾЩЩﲻÿ
ִ˵ԽˣԸҴҽӡ

Ȼе¸˵òҶˡ
û뵽е»˼ΪϼСˮƽִиĹӦÿǣԴûⷽ롣

Էʱִɿꡣ
ִһߣе¾ͳغһûĳСӣ
Ҷװе˵ʲôĬĬԷûд

ǺҶصԼéݣһЩ޻Ͳϡ
쵽ˣԼһ¡

²ѣſڣһĨϼһһߵؿʼ첹
ҪʱҶպö׼ϢȴԶҵСˣæš

˻ᣬš
ҶͶź˲񵶡

᲻ûˣü
Ӧð춼ˣôûˣţȴûлӦ
ߵϣسһЩݣ谵ȷʵûˡ

Ǹ鷳㻹ָ͵ȥˣûԱⱾȢ˶÷϶ȥңʱһ¡û뵽ѾͷƢô󣬾Ȼȥҡ
˭˵ءܵܵ˺ң͹һ޲úǡĳԱⰡûǼ˺ãǿϴ÷ò

ҫҶξܾвʣ˰Ҷȥ
ʱ췹ҶԸҲû취ֻںҸĥ

ûҶͲðˡ

ٵȵȰɡ飬ں󣬿϶
Ըؿǽ£Ǿ͵һȣһǸͰˣҲҲʵ

ҶҴéݵŲʵҲûſ뿪
ǵȼײ϶ᷢ

Ҷս񵶣ŵĳ
ȡܳ䲻ؽһʣһضᾪš

һҶ͸ŷ⿴ȥûˣȴִӰ

˭ִʡ

ϳִЦǺǵĵز죬ǺСˣﲻ㣬Ǹ͵Ǯɴ÷ﵽڶûǡ

˵꣬Ҷ˨Ų񵶳˳ȥǺ˵
ִܵ󣬡ϲ죬Ǻ˵ţҸղŶﶼˣǺԱ⻹ϷŹңǰȥң췹š

һ⻰ִǵɫˡ

˵ǿû㣡׵
ĿԾæסĸ첲ϲ죬÷϶ˣҪˣӦײŽȥˡȻ÷ﲻʶģǾȻˡ
˵ţıˡ

Ҷִҡͷϲ죬ûǡô˵Ҫҡ
أһŮӣҫôϷŹңôźãûѡ

ִüͷ壬֪㲻ѵġ

Ҷͣ¿˲ᣬܼסˣƳִʣϲ죬ܴܲҽǣҡھһϣ

ԡִûпǣʹӦˡ

ִͬ⣬ҶһǮҸŵ㡣
éûʲôֵôŵĶҶʰ󣬱ִȥ
ϲ죬ʱ㣬ǳ참ԲŻ·

ִͣ½Ų򴽣ڼ٣˺һſڵǰ참㡣




61.   61    ӻеĳ5

ңҶ, ϲ죬ʲô𣿡

ҡߣִȴ˵, °󣬸ɰͰ͵תƻ⣬Ƚ, ȻҪˡ
ҶŶһ, æִĽŲ

ǰŸս, ųž͹ˡ
Ҷִ˾, 뵽ִûش⣬Ҫ, Ϳе¡

е˽, Ҷȥס¥Ŀշ, ִȥ±˹˯Ҳ˼
ִ˵ûô, е¸գֻۣȥұ졣

ƹ, ˼ˡҶ˼

û£˵ס߲ȫ, סе̸, ˸Ƿ, ﻹһˮ, ϴ˯ˣȥЪţʲô, ִ
еºִķ䶼һ¥˵תȥˣźû˯ſľڿ
ִִǿˡе¸˵

ִһ±죬¥
ҶһԾִ̨ϲ죬֮ǰ˵ȥңû˵Ϊʲôأ

⻰ִһ£ǰ˺ôһˤ
ҡˡƿźִѱº󣬾ʹҴˣ˻ֻصſڣӶҶҺ͸׾ס¥£ǰʱҹĸסԻܸɾɨЩЪϢɣʲô£˵

ִɿ¥Ϳſڶִ֣˹ȥ
ʹ÷˵ɶ𣿡еڴ

ʲô˵ˣִʡ

˵ʲôе·߷ִͷ㶼˹ˣ˵ʲô
˹ﶼסһ£ֲݣǲȢҪҪˣ

ҡû˵ִüֲΪ޸ҡ˵Я󱨣̫˾ӣ¡
۸ףҲȥ÷ǰ˵˼˼ܸܵΪǰ޸ҡ

еºһУ˵ʲôʲôҿ㣬˵һ㣬ƤһֱŲ˴÷˦㡣

ִתͷ¥ݵķ򣬷òʱ˵

ִʱҶѾڳˮˡ

ϲ죬˰ҶӴ򿪹ǣ࣬ȥϴܳˡ
סڱ˼ң£Ҷⲻȥ

ִϴȥˡ
еʱѾںãڵķˣжÿ޳ⶼˣ㲻ˡ

˳緹ҶȥԲִߡ
˺ҫׯӵĸһֱŵľ񾭹ų֡

ִŵתܣľûͱִץ

ҪûҪץ˼Щ㡣ִû˵Ľ䣬㣬ģȥҴ÷

ϲ죬ǲ˵ô÷Ǯȥġ˵ִ꣬ͰγĲϣŵֱȣϡϲ죬˵ʵô

ǾͿ˵ûǸġִ׵

Ҹ˵ˣɱ˵˵ġҲ鿴һȦʵҼԱԴ÷Ǵ÷ȥ

ִǿʡ

Ǵ÷ﲻͬ⣬ǡٰȥСԱ˵ˣ˺÷ûӿ϶ѳȥһ˴÷췹󣬴÷Ҳ
˵Խ࣬Խҿִ

ִɫڵѿ㣬Ǻҫͷһظ£ǰҲУ
˵ţѽǰһ㡣

ƤʱƤ棬΢΢ѪһʲôˣееģǰҲԱǿȢʵһҲǿȢ˵˵Ƹûи½κˣ˺ҲǺʱ£Ѫˡ
ϲ죬ѽɣֻ֪ôࡣƽﶼ治֪ˡ

ִ˵ٻɿ£ͱ˵֪˵һ䣬Сͷ

ңԲңĵ

ִȥҵ
ֻִû׳ʲôõϢ뿪ҵׯʱȴ

֣һﾹȻҪϴ·ִ˵˾䣬æǽ뿪

Ÿо˶Լ̧ͷȴʲôû
ֶˡ
ݵʱ򣬿ҫྐྵڵغһү˼ҡ

ҫյ˶öûôƯʶȤֻźˣỹͦϡ
ĵóһöָϣô᲻㣬Ƿ̫׺Ҳһ̣ϴ塣
˵ţҫס

ָϸ緢˿ָ˾ţȴЦӯӯ§סҫĲӣүɻθӰˣɻӵô죿
үҪ༸ô

ҫȻҪӣԭĶӽպöʮտԣÿճԷͽȥҲ˵ˣûдڽӴ
ôĲҵû̳УҫĿ

˵˺ҫʹ㣬ǰﶼйӿ϶û⡣Ϊʲô£Ҳ֪
ѾʮٲץӣԽԽˡ

Ŷ۵ӣҫԭǸĸϻһݣҴȥ뿪ׯӣĸϻҲͲܰô
ɲܺͱ˵Ǳĸϻ֪ɾȥˡ

û뵽ҫô·ˣ޹֮ǰȻ֪ҫڣû뵽̶ȣİѱڶԷһ
ԼʲôûУûӱȽҪ󣬲ʸȥͺ

һ磬ҫûͳˣ±֪
Ŷɿ뿪ˣ󣬺û밲֪ҫˡ

ҫǳıӵȻƤӵˣۣ
һԵֵ˲ߣүôȥҪʱʮ»̥Ҳûʮµʱ䣬б»ҲҪܲ

Ц˵ԣ촽΢˵öԣǰҶסˣûûô
£ֵܵܣںҰɣ

طˣڵġֵ

ȻڣܵĥɣҪˮȥɡߣ뵽Ӳģһȥɣһ䣬Ϳȵ
̥ëܻʮ꣬ȫϸšʱѪ֮һֱûܻУر𱦱ӡ

Ⱥ˵ſʱߴһУܳһѾߡ
Ѿûע⵽ˣŷɿˡ

Ⱥ˽ݺ󣬾Ϳ󳨿½󣬰һڴڴ
˿ָѪæ۵ȥȴ˦

Ҫң׵һȺҶôҩȴһѾ߶ԦˣŸʲô

ۣæοް¹ֲ㣬Ǹ£ĸ׾Ͱȥĸײ˵ôѾڰ࿴˼С㣬Щ֦Ҷ㡣

ڴҲҪʲô֦Ҷ˭Ҫ
ŵ·ãȥУ̲ס˵

ȰȰ˵²ǵĴӲˣǾʹˡ

ͬʱͻȻȥֵܣ̲סʼˡ
é⣬޵ʣ磬Ǿǹ۸ˣҲˡ

⼸ԵǲиʣȻסĵط䣬ȴҲãͻȻéݷҲ
֪˵Щ滰

ˣȵϣǾͻȥҴ㣡
Ҳ۸

ǽĻҪɣһ죬϶ģȴֻϴˮ衣
ǺҴûǻܣҹ˺׾ʹӺܳˡ

ĸʱŻصéݣɵǵéʱȴéסؤ
ʵʱؤ˵֪éѾסգûǿߡ

ںӱߣ㲻ˣŰǡ
غң磬Ǳȥòã⼸ǲǳʣǡ
Ҳȥڴļӣ⼸ں͵ģһݣǼߣܻг·ģ˵ϱӻȥˣϴ㣬϶ǡ

ʱ뵽Ҷĺá
ǲ֪ǣҶûȥϱߣݳ

ҶǰһȻԲӡ
ӣֳһ£ϼҾԲӵԽԽд˼
˾ԲӵˣҲơ
һʼľƲֱ࣬Ҷľƿ̳֮ϼҾ⳹

ö֮ҲҶסϼңһˣҶǲִϱ
ҶֻһЦ֮ûлش

ݳ˳ѩѩǽֵʯ壬ҶھſԲӺҪ̯ʱִ
ϲ졣ҶЦӯӯغִִ֣߽ĵãһݺ춹Բӡ

ִձ΢΢죬ӻͳһֽ򿪺ðԡ
ҶձЦһ飬ҳһ͹ҲһԣҸԲӳԡ
ִҶ£Χ¯Եúů͡

ӵŴ￴һĻȤִδϱðձ÷ҲǣŲ˵Բôʣ£
ˣŴø˼ˣִʲôʱư˴÷Ǽôƣɲܿ˼ңһųǵϲء

ִʶȥҶҧձʱȴҧͷ۵ֱ
ҶûôߣִŵЦˡ




62.   62    ӻеĳ6

ҶִԲ, ׼̯ʱִȶְæʰ
ͺáִ
еҲ÷, ɣСӲɵ׳һҵԺ, Ŵˡ

ʱ, Ƶʱ, ҶҪ, е´Э
ִʰ֮󣬵Ժʱ, ͿҶ, ¶ظ첲

ҶƳִ, ϲ죬ȥľ񣬽, Ǻԡ
ִŶһԹԵȥ

е¿ŶӵıӰ, ش˴ӣûӡ
Ŵ̯, Ҷȥʱ, ִϴס
Ҷ, Ȼִ˷˺Щ, ӽ㵹ˮʱҪֵסһ, ײŲˮߡ

ִѧ𣿡
šҶʼɱ㣬ϼϼҵĻʳһʼΪ˵Եʣִ֪ÿȥˡ

ҶһϼҳԵñɫ˲١
еҲһЩӺ󣬿Ҷִֿ÷ýѯʣ֪㻹û˵׺ܼ˼ҡҪҪȥ

Ȼ˻ȤҶִδϱûĶףе±˵ӻݡ
ЩӣҶжܸɣַĶСﳤֺãв˼ҿҶе°æ˵ס
еڳԷʱ˵ǹ⼤ִ

ִ⻰Ȼס
ҶʶִСƹģһû湻Ǯء

ǮǮĲҪҪǴޣҾ㵱Ůǡе»û˵ִ꣬ͷ¿ӣקҶߡ
е¿ִߵôҴңƲ죬Сӣӻ㣡

ִҶԺʲôŮŮģǹ
󡭡÷ִЩŤһ÷޸Ұɡ
˵ִ꣬ͷ𴦣ӶǺ쵽

Ҷûִ˵Цʣϲ죬ΪʲôȢңϲ𣿻ǾüҪһˣ

ҡִ˵Щ˵öԣһʼע⵽ҶƯȻ࣬Ҷܴ⣬ÿοĻңҾǡϲ
˶٣챿˵޸ңڣͲԿࡣ

ǳɣ⻰ҼˡҶͷ
ִҶҪߣˣ㻹û˵޲أ
ҶЦ£Ÿ̵ִգ㣬ҼĻʲô

Ҷֺ󣬾ˣִһˣĶ

˵ľϯʮеʱˣϼãϯҲΪḻ
»֮ҹҶ鵽ϵǿ

һ磬ҶʱִѾʣĲˡ
е̫ˣû

ִͷһȢϱ֪ϱů.ѵĺãæˣ⼸գ̯Ӿͱˣ̫үҲ׼٣ȥ䡣
˵ţִ඼Ҷʢá

Ҷͷ˵ã˳˷֮ȥ˳
ڳʱҶӹǰݵĶ

ӣԸһٵС˫ֺʮŷԸ

Ҷִƿߡ

ʵ֮ǰȥҫִʵ
鵽ʲô𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼ鵽ҫ֮ǰΣ֪Ĳ࣬һǺͺҶǩȥٸöܡִ뵽ҲУЩԥõĻҲУҪҪһ

ѵĻ֮ǰ˵ˡƳ߹ĶҶһתô˵ҵײģ˵һΰɡ

䣬ߵҶǰ
޵ִȴʹǣ֣ɫÿ£㣬ǣ

ִѾˡ

ףɴ۾˼ؿҶ㣬֮ǰǸõģԭͿϲ죬ԲŲҼ޸Ա⣡

ҶôΣѡ˰ɡ

ôû㣿ô˵˵ʱҶǣִ΢΢޸ԱҾһֱ㣬ղŻһЩ£ô˵ң
ִü԰̫ˡ

ִ˵ʹúܣִʹǣס֣Թ޴㡣
һУһ˵
㣬Ҳ̫ˣǸ죬һָⶼԲôܺڵӱȡ
ǲ֪ɣѾУԱݳլӣҲźǸĸϻԸҫؾ֣ҶĽָһӵĸְǴԶеģ

úԱլǺ𣿡ҶȰⰲãǾңҿɱ檻簡

ʲôң˵
㣬ԼòͼҡǴǰϹۣü޸ִǺõģڿҸáˣͬ˵Щǲϲңȥɱҡҿɲݡ
֪˵ʱ򣬶ʼеһһ
Ϊ֪ҫϲû׸ܸõĵõҫĳ谮

Ҷϲ޵Ļһ⻰˵ģɱڣ
ӦǴڣҵ˺ҵķˣűҴȡѾٶ˵תˡ

ִסҶߵĪĻ˵öԣǺѲûãǸǻԼȥɡ
ҶִܸǰͶޣԺͲþݣѹس

ΪκͶ̸֮һӣҶִæһЩ
ϽǺ£ٺ»ô̫࣬ҪӣҶûҪá
֮ǰ¥ľ飬ʱҶ˸ڵӣѾһ

ǰľ˰ھƸ׵ĵط˺ȾƵĵطС
ӣ˺ȾƵĵطҶպãÿճƣԷҲ١

ʱ䣬ϼ˲õСæ
ִõ죬ΪҶʱִƴȥãִԵǲ̫үҪΣ֮ǰƼִȥӪͷ

ִ󣬱Ҷ˵Ϣ
Ҷ˺Ϊִˣȥ˾Ӫлͷһ㡣
ãȴû£ܴԭִ£˶ɵš

ִ˵࣬ᣬѵãһҲ޷ǧ򳤣ôǸү˵еһЩ

˵ͺеˡҶȥϴһϴЩȥȽϺãӪͷкüǸȥǴùϵС
ִǸԲˣ벻ȥбˣҶǰ뵽
һӣҶ󸻴󣬵ҲҪӡ

һ磬Ҷ͸ִһӵˣȥͬų
ִźе´ӳҶԥ÷һ£и㡣

ҶеȥûҵСҲûֻˡ
Ա⣬֪𣿡еü

Ҷҡͷ˵֪æž£ûйȥĺҵİԡ

Ȼ˲֪ҶͶĹϵе֪ģ̾Աʱ⣬ɽ£˱ʱѾˡ
ǰ£Ҳ˵ġ
֪̥˸ӣϱ˸ߡ˵˻Ҫջլӣøϳȥ
°ɣ˺ȻǱӦδЩ̫ңϾãԺ˵һ

еǸϺˣҶһ֪еƣȻҲ
ˣҶۡ

еǰҶñֵ̫Į֮̾ǰҺִڳȰСһЩˣû뵽Ҽ˸죬˵Ҽ
ȻҲָʲôôңˣȥɡ

е족ʱͷˣ˵ʵûطȥӻҲԣڲˣʵ̫ѣҲԡãĪ֪ˡ

Ҷͷ˵ãȥˡ
ûȥҶ
·լʱмڲԶָָ㣬˹ȥô¡

ϳҶϼҾƹģ˵ԣӻ֪ɣԭס˺ԱңԱˣԭҪҸϳȥ
أҶʡ
˵Ǹȥˣ˵˵ţԣֻ˳һλģʱ򻹻غңǺǸĸϻù

ҶǲغңΪĶںңֻҪжڣᱧһϣϾɲǸͨŮˡ

ʵϣȷʵΪ˶ӻغҡ
꺢û죬ȴں˵Ժһ졣

˸պֿ˺ӹȻ˰£ǺӿǸõġ
Щȥһֱ̫ãҲиӤ鷳úҫˣ˵ĺ¡

ֵͷ˵ǣֻҪǾǷ˵ĺӡ
˾룬ԺŵĶһ˦ݡ

ˣô죿󣬽ūãնҪүǰô谮һȥүá

ȴöô˲Ǹˣǰլӣλôȥ̫ҲҿɲԸ⿴һ𡣡
룬ЦȻôںңɡҪۿţĺӺȴʲôܡ

ԺĶ򵽿ûʶ˵£ű˹ȥ

ںҵʮּ尾ûӣͱոɻ
ŶӣٿۣҲҪҧȥ
ֱ˵ӱˣǱ̵ģ㶯˺ġ

ҶһλСӣ֪󣬱ΣС
֪ԼǸˣ˵ĸ׻ն˵ϣ鹵Ļ
֪ĸµϣҪɱ׵ܵܡ
̫ˣ򷭲ˮĶˣ̵ֻܸܵ첲һط

֪ûѵֻúúϢ

㲻Ҫ˶԰ɣĸףۿᣬµĶӣԲҪ˰ɣ

˱ôһ˵ͷᣬϹ˵ʲôأܵܵܣֲġϲģܺ
ﻹ۶ӣҲϣܺãôȥһתļûСòΪԼ룬Ķӡ

㴭סĸ׵֣ס
ֻ㣬Һòã

ɵӣԶġ˸ſ޵
˶Ӻһ󣬺˿ɫãϢ

ɴӦȺߺȴ¶һĨɫ
ԲõܻܵȥֻҪеܵڣͻ
˵üΣܵܽͲܱȵĽ
󼵶ʵܵܣּɵܵܣһҪ취ɱ˵ܵܡ

˯£֪˶ãżѵ۾
ȿǸݵðݵĸˣ˭ģôѾߣܼǲ𣿡

ӣҳ󣿡ߵء

ѵ۾ȧôߣ㻻ÿҲŲҪء
Ⱥ˵꣬ͷס
òǰСӣɾͰס

ҳҾø󣡡ЦԽԽ˷ܣֻҪˣҵһжҶӵģ

˻ᣬȺˣƿͷ
ȷϺһͷ֮£Ÿо¡

æѺ˸˯Լļ
Щʱᵽɤۡ
鿴뿪

峿Ѿϴʱŷֺˡ


һУߵˡ

Ⱥ˸ϵʱ򣬺Ѿ˹ɫ࣬۾ɵͭ
һû˹ȥ

󲡵̫ãȻû˸˵ﶼûףʱϴҶϲƢĺȻ˷һЩԾûΪǶźҶʡһ鷳
ȺѹʱѾ׼õĶֻȺá

ס˵֣ʵ˽ڰȻˣҪԸӣӻÿҰ
ûʲôҡҡͷ֣˵ǵһ¶ãΪʲôи壿
˵ᣬ˵ֻ˸౧Թȿһ

һڶɥ£ߵ˵󣬶˵ײаˡ
Ҷʱ򣬲ûʲôоҫֽкãû˾

ٽգԽԽ䣬ִڼʱ佥ࡣ
ִڣҶʱʡ˲£ִȥС

һյŴ׸ãִŰŴƽ
ѻ󣬾ֺõسҶȥ

ҶִڼǰҲæ£Ҫˡ
ִûҶİʾЦ˵û£͸ýңӲزġ

ҶЦ˵˾ɵϣִǲ⣬󿴵ҶЦ˵ɿͬʱʣӣʲôϢ˵

Ҷͷִ£ִָСϣϲ

ʲôִһʱûӦ·еҶĻ۾˲ˡ
е³ʣ÷к

Ҷ˵ǣҪ游ˡ

е¿ӻס¶ӵͷɵСӣ㻹ʲôȥֻϲҪ

ִŻ񣬿ϲҡȥ򣡡
ֻӣ˼⣬㻹ʲô

Ҷ˵Ǻ«нӡ
Уȥ򣡡ִɿˣԺӣͷҺܿͻ




63.   63    ӻеĳ7

ִʱ, ˽ӺǺ«ͶƵġ
Ҷػȥ, ִȴá

žͺáִ
¶ִѳԵý, 

⻰һ, еºҶɫ˲佩¡
Ҷ˵˵, ִֻͬæ֡

Ҷϲ, Ļе¾Ͳ, ֻһָӡ
ִҲڼ, æ¡

ִæ, Ҷ˲¡
ôһֱУҶ˶̥ϲе·˺üұڣַھӵ֮, ׷˵ϼиȻ̥

¾, ҶִźӳʱַҶ, Ҫմմϲ

æһ, ҶѺǺ˯, ִϴݡ
ö˶и, ֣һγ̥Ƕʮǰءִ˿ӺŮֺǺǵҶ, лˡ

Ҷ첲ԸҪӣһЩǵȺٳһ㣬Ǹ鷳
ϼľСһ㣬Ҷûе׸ҰģȴҲӡ

ִӵʱ㣬ȥһǴһǧƱضκõĴ¥ѺԺĲֿǿԡҶãвپ¥Ҷƣǵľ̫С治̫ơǸֿ⣬ڸ¥;ƣǼҵһƷǧ

ִ²̫һֱ֧Ҷô춼ԣֿ⣬ǻۣ

ǮܹӣҶһҲۡ
ŴŮΪѣҲеº˵ִĻлչȭš
²ֿҼ˰æҪĻԽ˸ɣԼ̫ۡҶˣľƣܻһ״լӡҾŵǮˡ

ִЦǰû˰Ǯ
Ӱȡ֮еҲΪǼѽҶ
ţҪʲôȥҶ֧ӡִûʱദҶ֪ҶǸˡ

һҹߺҶµơ
ճ֣Ϲ˿Ǻһ˵ϲ
æһᣬҶһ̸ҵ£漰һᡣ

˵ôǰЩӲˣ
˵ˣǳĸϻһΪҫ᳤꣬û뵽һ꣬Ҳˡ
ʱüǿ϶֪ôļҵ˭˰ɣ

˭Ҳˡ

ȫ䵽ǸУǰҫʱ򣬺˱ǸƤ񣬷Ҫ¡
ڿ˴ˣһǺӲ꣬Ҳô
Ҫ˵Ǹ϶ܲסǮָ

ȿȡ
˵Ե˲˵һ룬˿ԣΪ˿нӾǺҵĽӣæѡ

ҶҲ˺ҵĽӣ俴ߵˣܸоõںܵ⡣
水Ǽ˵һöƿ˺ңûˡ
ΣûϵҶһֻ⣬Ǯ

ȺҵĽʧߺҶȥ˲ֿˣһ£ºԺĲֿ⣬һ԰
Ҷ²ֿ⣬ȥɨ
Ѿˣٹһ£Ƶĺʱ

ҶæȻ죬ȴǴ⡣
Ū˺˺֣ѳ˺ңвģֱӸϳȥ߷ˡ
ܼںҵģվߵġ

Ǯû˹ܣ¹ӣǺ˴ơ
ڻͷȥ֮ǰĿ඼㲻ʲôǮĺá

ˣ¥ˡηͣº
󣬽˾¥СѾϤ϶¥ż䡣
ʱͻȻһϤתͷִһȺүںȾơ

ʼʱϲִΪִģҲãžͿִΪɣ϶ԼӺá
ϧûִҫڡ

ٿִĲٴð
ִھӪ첲Ÿǿ׳ȥĺҫ˲֪١

С¥үǮҰæˡ˵Ҹġ
˸ǮСȻ棬Ҳʡ

һӲˣҪһþơ
˰ʱţԤϵһ㣬ִˡ

ִиͬҪ磬ͬУŸ˵ʱ˵˰æˣ˵лû뵽ῴ

үѽֻǰ۾ִôʶˣ
ִüʣΪʲôҪǸˣ

ͷԣˣ򣬰æһˣѵӦôƱ˻ΣѵԸ£һԵ㣿

ҵ£ִ˵
ǵöҵ£ͳӷϣˣϾϵұ㲻ǵʶĺã˵ʸ֦
˵ִ꣬תҪߡ

ִ
վִתͷһִ֪֪ȿģͬϲ㣬ʼû㣬ȥ㣬ȴԼȥ㡣

ִüͷ壬ĻϣԺҪ˵÷ʲôˣ
ʲôˣҲ
Ȱ㻹ϧһ㣬Ѻò׵ĺˣ̣ûˣ

飡
ִˤˡ

ûɹˤ˾Ʊ漴Цˣôеʱ䡣ģһ档

ڣͻȥˡ

Ҷʱʱ

ҵĽͣҶϣӽﴫ㣬˵ڹûôôҪˣ

˵ĵطҶһ⻰֪ǶҲ磬Ŷȥû˵ĺӱߡ
ͣºҶֱӵʲô

Ҳûʲô޹˼ɵ´˼Ҷ㴩ʲôҲ̫ˣ
㿴ҵѣһƥһӵĲϣ϶ûʶɣ

أ
ҶһҲĽһӵĲϣһƽҲ
ȰòӺһ㣬ȽϺãȻô˶ţΪû𣿡

ôҪܣ
һ㻹ǶԼɣǰЩִҵʱ򣬿ʮء
ǲ֪˵ʲô

ʹĻҶޱ顣
Ҫ̫˽ִͶرǶ˵Ļ˵ִ̬෴ġ
Ц£ôį𣿼įҪϹ룿

˵Ķģ߷ߵ

ǲ֪ҶɫʱˣģҪȥ׼ˡ

ҶһǰסҶ÷ôǲ˵ϲִԲ
Ȼ㲻ϲΪʲôҪ

ûҪִʼգҲûϲ㣡Ҷ˦öھеģ֮ǰڵʱ򣬿ɲôй˵Щеûġ

Ҷ˦ڵϣݺݵصҶıӰ
ҶһߵģڣǰϲҶ

ҶȥΪһЩʱ䣬Ӷۿޡ
ź¥ι˻ᣬѺǺ˯ˣ¥ȥ

ִʱ򣬾Ͱ˵ˡ

ִ˺ϷģӣҿԶ췢ģûôĪǸˣ˵ЩеûġҾе⡣

ҶȤûʲô𣿡
ûУִͷҡ˹ģǲţȥţ
㡣ҶЦűסִʲôˣҺô˵ǲ֮ᣬʲô»ǼʱͶԷ˵ȽϺáҺͶʱ̫ãں̫˲̫ˡҵˣɱǵĻ
ִһ֤ҿ϶




64.   64    ӻеĳ8

Ҷ¶鷳, ˾Сرעҵˡ
֮һҶһֱæֿ顣

Ĳֿܴ, ֮ǰĲ˵أҶȫƽ˴ľ, ̨, Ŵ, վá

Ȳֿͬʱ, ҶҲͳļҾ¥ǩ˶ʱҪʼ;ơ
Ϊǵһκ, Ҷϸ, ѡŴ, Ƶÿһ̣԰ѹء
Ⱦ̳׺һ

һº󣬵Լ;Ƶʱ, ˵ҪƵļҾ¥ȴͻȻ, ԸѺҲԸҪҶľơ
һ֮, ֪Ҿ¥ͺҶ˾ơ

, , ҶһΧߡ

, ôͻȻô¥е뵽ȥżǶô, ˼Ǯ˲ֿ⻹˰æȥǹȥȫ׷ˣ

ǺڶֽʱҶµôˡ
Ƕİٸ׵ľƣԼȥ¥ģպÿʮºһꡣҪҾ¥Ķ϶Ҫ׼ǺҴƣͻȻҪôƣƸ׶ûôࡣ
תͷִȥ飬ҵľƴġ

ڶִȥˣҶڼ˼ûµĳ·
ҵľƲʺϳʱ䱣棬Ƿžú󣬷ӰƵƷʣùʱˡ
ľ¥ͶƣҲ̫ࡣ
Ǿÿⱬһױǲµʱ䣬ƴƴҲꡣ
Ҫˡ

ݳǱٽ˺ڣ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷȥͷ
뵽ʱϳȥͷͷȴ붬ֻٵÿ˵ƣǵĶû

ҶͷɥؼңִҲˡ
ִ˵ˣҵľƶǴؾׯ˹ģǼҾׯûƣһθٸ׾ơ

Ҷ;֣һٸ׾Ƶľׯ϶һĹģɶԷȴƶûС
ȥ¥˾ƻճһµϡ

ӣôˣִҲһȴûֵĵط
ҶȴһھͳˣǶˮľƣȥζһ˺ȲҾ¥ƹһȵóǻѡҵľƣ˵Ҹ˵ͼۡ
۸ŵõˣҲջ
룬Ҷ֪Ƕڿǡ

û죬Ҷͼ˶
˹ҶŴףЦڻľƶȻƣ㣬ӻ𣿡

ҶͣĻŶʲô
ҵȻƵġֿ⣬ǱҶסԼҽã˵ľ㡣һ׾ƣѴңô

𣿡ҶǺЦˣϺõһƷһ׾ҪӡҲģ㻹ǻȥɡ
ȴߣǰһץҶ죬ȴҶקס󣬡㣬αôִţҶ˵ˣǵľٲͲֵǮˣѵһֱȥ

Ҳ¡Ҷһƿ
ִ˳ˤڵϣŵ㣬㡭ôܴңҺ㣬ôأҺûá

ִɲ˵ЩϻһͰˮ˹ȥָŴŵķ򣬡ҹȥﲻӭ㣬㲻ԼߣҾȥ

ģһͰˮõϣݶڷ
ΡΡվִִԺҪڣ

ŲҪڣֱִڿ죬Ϊû֪һбӦ

ǱˣҶĬĬִơ
ִȴǺߣʲô˰ԼŮˣô⡣
ˣֵãҵˣ𣿡Ҷʡ
ˣǶȾӣҺ˵Ҿ¥³һֺþƣȥ˺󣬱ضִ

Ҷ˼ȥʱ仹Ҳ·ԻҪҾ¥ٰѽѹضȹ˵
ִƹȥƣȾ¥ˮƵº󣬾¥˱ضʱ򲻽ǶҾ¥Ĺ£ҪųԹ˾

˲ʣҶҲֻóˡ
գҶھ˹ʱЩ¥ſµϢ
ƹԺ첻µز£Ǻǽûá

ִڰۿ
ˣھ¥ſһֱô˵Ҿ¥پƸǡܾ¥ô˵ôȰǶ뿪ܺܿΧ˿ֵˡ

¥ҲȾƵˣǱֻЩ֣ƷԺ󣬲ԾҲʼҹµ˾ơ
һĹҾ¥پƵϢʹ˳ȥȵڶ죬˿һ롣

ױֵʱ򣬿ɿž¥壬ƹڵֱ̾
Ҳе⣬ζ㣬һҲƷ⣬˺ʲôƶһϺҸļ۸ϼҵһ룬ƹıģ£ʹϼһԼܶӣɴͻԼˡ
û뵽ľƣ㱻ʶơ
ӣն鷳Ǯͽ첻£
һȥ¥ˡ

ƹģ;ˡС
;ƣǻ˼;ҲҪˣƹֵ˵˭ҲãǾ¥ûˡ
СΪѵǮˣҪƵĻȥ

ƹü룬Ҿ¥һ꣬Ҿ¥һȥҺǮ
ɵǵҵʱȴûҹµ˵ǮǲܵģûûҪ־ֻܹҰ̰Сˡ

ƹõͶ֣˶ڣǼ˳
ǮûˣҲûˣһ١
ƹǻڲ

Ҷ⣬ȴ
ö¥Ĺ˿͵ƣǾ̫СôˣҶ⻹á
ƣܰһ

հҶ׼ŵʱ򣬿ƹͷˡ
ƹðƹЦŵ
ðƹϡͰôпյҶƹƹ˲衣

ƹºȴԼһ⣬ƹǼһʱǮɱ˫ۣ壬ҴҾ¥Ǹˡ

Ҷϵ΢Цŵƹˣ£ͽԸ˵ǵĵҲǡ

Թǡƹɥǲ֪ҿɰǸˣǾȻˮľƸǡǾ¥ûǰϾҪŲȥˡ
ƹ֮ǰ֪𣿡Ҷɵ
ƹҡͷ˵֪

Ҷɲƹֲ֪Ǹеˣƹʮ˿ʮľ¥֪ܲ⡣
ᣬҶװƹ񣬡Ȼˣʲôأ

ҡ˵֮ܲܰǰĵӣѾǣǲܼ⣬ƹ

Ҷ˶٣ΪѵӣǾܺãǣԼˡ
ƹǻģҾһ쿪Ŵ絽Ķޡƹ֮ǰǴˣǱ֤ڡ

Ҷʣƹôף

Ͱ֮ǰĶ죬֮ǰ٣ڶҪˡƹġ
Ҷͷ˵ԣҪ¸һصĶһص¡

⻰һƹɫס뵽ԼΪȾ¥ҧӦˡ
Ҳ˵ҶľƲˣһʶ

ƹҶȥ;ơ
ִЩ⣬ΪʲôҶҪѾΥԼƹ񼸸ˡ

Ҷִû˵ĵطǵľƣ⿿Լ˵ܻرȴǮҪиƵ·ԲŰѾǡ
ȻˣҲд㡣

Ҷ׼һҾ¥ǮЩ֮ٺǮׯһǮܰѾ¥
Ҷִ˵Լ뷨õβҾͰƹ񸽽ľ¥ʱװꡣ꿪ǵľڳľ¥ٶǵľƣԼ¥ǵĿ
Ҷ⣬Ǳ˳ţҲš˿ӹͱָǰӡ

ִԴµģȷĿ𣿡
͵סլӰɣҶЦ

Ҷƹ˵ľǮ󣬾ȥ̾¥
¥λط֮ǰľ˸󣬼۸ȻˣǧӣһǴǮׯġ

¾¥ҶԱ˵ʰ¥
ƹǣƾҶǵľƣһЩҳһƷ֮󣬶εľƲһ

ʮµһ£ƹȻ꣬ȴҲоյضȹѹء
Ҳ˼ǺϺң¥ǶܾӴ

Ϊƹǵݳľ¥֪˲ص£ûо¥ԸǵǮ
üζЩ¥֮⣬ݳҲˡ

ȻƹһǮȴҲΪ£ܵݳǹȦż
֮ǰܶ˱ͿǸңĺڵȥ˼ҶԸ
¥ȥˣղĸˡ

ڶƵʱҶġһƷ¥¥ѡڶ³ʱҵˡ
ԭֻ֪һƷһ־Ƶ֣кܶ˲֪һƷǳϼңҶƹȥ֮󣬺ȹһƷˣ󲿷ֶһƷ͡һƷ¥ûйϵ
һ֮£һƷľ¥Ըԡ
ǽ˾¥󣬲ŷ֡һƷ¥ĵľжʮ֣ÿһ־ƶǧ
Ͼ¥ĲƷöûԹġ

һʱ䣬һƷ¥ݳǣⱬ




65.   65    ӻеĳ9

һƷ¥, Ҿ¥ȥ
ƹҶΪҪ¥

ҶϢЦ, ᣬƹͱˣҪΧ۵˸, ƹ, 㻹𣿡
ݳôҾ¥, Ϊʲôܿ, Ҳأ
Ƶڼ䣬Ҳûп, ǵƲſҶ, ҿ¥д𣿡

û˸, ·ߣ˭б˭⣬ֲҿģ
ǣƹҲ̫Ե, ԼˣӦù㵱ˮľ, Ȼô⡣


һһ䣬˵پƵ¡
һЩ˲֪, ƹôһ, ֪
ֻܻػȥ

, ˭ҵĶ, ˭Ȼáû¢һ˵ûҿˣҼҾͲܿĵ
ǵƹ˺һ, ҶѾ¥ѡԶһĵط
ƹΥԼȣ׷ѹ򣬺Ƹ壬͸ƾ˰ɡ

Ҷ˵ƹ񣬼Ӫҵ
ں̨ϣʼˡ

ִʱ򣬾ͿҶˡ
ӽˣִڹ̨ϣЦеؿҶ

Ҷ̧ʾִһ󣬲̧ͷǶңǻҪ۵ǮׯϢƷĵȣһҲиһٶôǮ˰ɡ
ִͷ˵ǣӡ

ʱе´ӺԺűСһãҺð칦򣬲ŰǸ˯š
ˡҶе˱˵ЩЪϢС

еȴҡͷǶôæҲģڻܶǿӶá
еһ㶼ۣ֮ǰĽ˼ҵŮУĽǸ

ҶЦźִݡ
ȹźִ˵£ӻ˲ҵǶջضеĹܼȨߵø

檣ޣȫӲںվסȴԸϧҲıӦҶԸ̸ЩǶûϵ
ִͷ˵ǡ

ͬʱĶȴշת˯š
˺ҵҵЩ˵ڻŵסֲܶ϶֡

һȺϲĶ
Ӵæס죬Ϊӵҡڱϡ
ӾǶԾ˯ҲҪѶӴߡ
ֻҪӻúõģЩ˾Ͳκ

ǺͷֻۣҶԵǵùûǮźóֽӼִȴҪæһ
ͷѣʱѾͻȻš

üôˣô٣ʲô˵ɡ
Ѿȴˣֵˡ

˾񣬴ЬȥţǴ
СôЩ꣬Ҳ֪ȥˣ

ȶӣˡ
һ֮£֪òá

뿪ݳǺ󣬱ҵȴ˸ץȥ˴ǺòֱܳӸȥһҺڶ.¡
ڶ.ﲻԲʱҪ
ǸͷԵģװ컨˲ű

ʬʵûӻȥֻܻ
һ̣ʵ޲
ǱסĴȣޣ㣬ЩӺÿడ

ģϻжζ㣬üˣʲôϴ裬ȳ극˵
䣬ӡڽС

ȥϴʱ򣬶׼һЩԵġ
֮ǰںңȻƿһЩˣɵײԼˣŲǸûᡣ

֪ҫ򸾶ˣܷԸ£ö϶óˣﶼܸˡ
ϴ󣬳Էʱ֪Ƕ㵱۾ˣ㣬˼˵ôĺңˣ

ȻǹңǹȻˮǴߡ
Ͳܣûܣ͸ҳġ
ڻҲ٣ϲĶȥ£ܲ۸

æͷ˵ãںҾͺң㻹ܼңǾ͸ˡ
æųԣһֱû˵ûԹһٱῴʲôԡ

˵һ͸Ъ¡
նʱѾſڵš

úһ̫ʵ
㣬Ÿȫġ

㣬˰ЦǺǵص

ȵӣһԺڱǰҪҷˣ֪𣿡
£ϸĿںˣ֪Ҫʲô

룬ǹȥ̫ˣݵöûڸʮ£ٸһɰɡ
£˵㣬ˣˡ

ͷѽô˭ǽءҿɲǸûĵġ

˵㣬ʣ㣬궼ûϢ֪ôˣ
ڿ¥Ƿأңǵ˸ۣߵͥǮƣǾͱˣŲǡͺúŰɣˣҪ½ȥ

ø棬ɶ㲻Ը˵Ͳʡ
ȻݺһѾߣŵ֪Ҷ޸ִݳǿ˴¥ر𱬡

ֻʱŸҿڣ磬ǰչǣķˣ˵ɣ
˭֪أĶ䣬߳Ŀ࣬ѵ㻹𣿡
ϣյҾô㻹ǲ䣬ôٲõ£ﰲȹӡ

ۻЩĵܵܣȴûôɡ
һԼ˵Ľ㣬ܶжá
о仰˵öԣٱǰҪá

~

һƷ¥˳ȥִΪ򲻴Ҫͽһȥ˷ˡ
ǰҶ⽻ִھͲҲٶ฻ֻҪƽ֪𣿡
ҶסִСעԼİȫ

ҶִǺڻȥ·ϣƺо˸٣ûз˭
֮һҶյִ

峿Ҷ
е¥Ҳ߳ӵʱ򣬿Ҷʣ磬ˣ
Ҷҡͷ˵ûУǻ˯أҾ˯š
ǾǵִˡеΪףҲЩģҪ˵ʱǮִ˾Ӫ£һЩ

ҶҲ⣬ִ֣⣬ȤûС
˵ҲҾãµִҿ⡣ҶԼҲҵģԺִҪϽ˼

еһ˳æջ𣬡Ҳ֪ɵ³˻ǻҪǰҾûָٷƣڻֻһƽ
е²̰ģھͺ㡣

Ļ𱻵ȼҶе¥ӣԼæС

֮󣬳ӡСˣҶûˣԸȥš
ƿţͿſΧСǣڿ

汻˺ڹѪҶ˲ü

ƹģڹѪ϶¡С
ҶҲ֪£һܲµ˭ˣȥˮϴɾϾҪˡ
Сɣǲ𣿡
±𣿡ҶüһڹѪԷûɱ٣Ӷ򡣿ϴɾ

ȥˮҶߵ̨
룬ڹѪƹõģ޷ǼҾ¥á
һڹѪѣҶˣ

űϴɾҶճ⣬ԸȥҾ¥
ǰҾ¥ΪپƶʧˣҶһƷֺһΪҶһƷǵԽԽ
籾õʱҾ¥ȴͥ䣬ðĹſõһ˽ȥ

ҶҾ¥ʱƹҲͷ۵Ҷ
ôСƤһһ׵ġƹ޲ɱҶ
СһüƹģҪٲ취Ǿ¥Ҫˡ

ʲô취һʲô취ƹ׵ķҶˣϼǸһƷǺãûиõľƣùϼң
ЩӣƹʲôӶ۶УѼ۸񽵵ֻͣٲֿˣÿ¥Ŀ֧
¥ȥò£ƹҪŵա

ʮѪƹ޵
ǿҲûãǼҵǲϼҵĺá

С̾ҪûһƷͺˡ

⻰ƹ˲ɫûһƷƣһƷ¥ʲôأ
һƷ£Ҷ¥ˣҪȥΣ
ƹͻȻ⣬Ҳˣܳȥˡ

Ҷƹ񼱳ܳæȥ
ƹһҵĽֵƹһԺӣݳǵĵƦҶͿˡ
ȿƹʱһĴ⣬֪ƹûۡ

Ҷȥ˰ѼľƽѶá
ҹȦʮȮȫ⿪ڲֿ⸽š

һҹȥƽ¡

ڶ磬⴫Ϣ˷˵Ķʤ
ҶյִĿţ˵ִڽ˷ץͷͷ˴ء




66.   66    ӻеĳ10

ҶϢ, æȥˡ
ûţͿĶ飬ִ͸ڽĺߡ

ӣִ˵غҶ, Ҷ
Ҷִס֣һȺʿ塣

ξɩӿÿ, ѹ㼱Ż

ִͷ۶Է, Ϲ˵, ؼȥ, Ҳڵء
˵ţִҶȥ

ξˣҶϲʡ
ִͷ˵, , ұǳǰ, ȴܵͷͷײҸǰˣƴҲҪץס
˵ִ꣬ס˵ǣҪǷ, ҪգҲΪ˰롣

Ҷִĵϼ, Щۣûˣ
һƤ, ¡ִЦ

ؼҺ, еѾźſڵǡ
ִԸ߻, е˲һ, Сӣ㻹֪ϴϴˮѾ׼ˡ

, ˮֲСִЦŶºӣűҶȥϴ衣
һ£ȷʵģϴ˺һҶʱ򣬻ڲ塣

Ҷִĸϣ첲ҲУ۵ؽӹ£㡣
Ӻáִº۾ؿҶɣͱסҶӣҺŶ

ģҶϻͷŵķ
֣±ߵأʲô˵ҶҲִģһˣǲ̫һ

˴¥ʱеѾк÷ˣǾ¥ơ
ִȥӪһˣҹʱҶѾϴڵˡ

Ҷ˸УЩȱ·ỹ˯

ִΪʲô

Ҷǰ챻úڹѪ˵ˣȥʱֿйУָм˹СǶ
ٵȵȣӦþ˽ˡ

Ҷ˵ûƹҪҶһƷ¶ҪŪҶľƣҪҶϹ˾
Լ˰ʱֿǱͻȻҶæִ¥
¥ȥʱ򣬾ͿȮ˵ƦСѹסһ

һƸױ򿪣ϻһЩҩۡ

Ǹʲôסŷ

Ҷ߹ȥϵҩŵŷߣҪǰȥҾͷ㣬ô
ŷͣ˵
ȮҧסˣҲ̶ãҶȥѹǲŵԴϢŷ˵ҪҪһ

û˸ҳΪǶ֪Ƕҩ
ִŷȭŷŽ˵˵ƹĸǮ¶û뵽ǾȻȦôȮֲʲôҪĵطҲ̫˰ɣ

Ҷ˰ŷϣˣһҾʹȥ٣һҷǮ
Сǰ£ΪľǶǮҺڣǮذŰ˸ס

ڶһ磬Ҷʹŷȥ١
Ϊִڣŷʵˡ

ƹܸҶҪùͱŵ˴ߡ
ȵźŷ˵Ŀڹ֤ҲڣƹͶˣš

ÿ죬еҲ졣
ƹ˵ҶǰԼƹģдҼƽвУ
ˣϣСź󣬼ô찡
Ҳûɹ㲢ûӰ죬Ͱɡ

Ҷ˦ƹ֣ܾҲСɹˣչľҡ
˴Ҫܳͷûʲô˵ġ

Ҷƹĸ󻼣һִ˸á

ǸյʱҶͿ

ʱҶ͸˹
㡣ûбغһȷϴú֮ܺЩƽ⡣

ҶЩ⣬ϳĺѣˡ
Щ鷳

ִǰ˵һЩ£ûһǣֻǾǲ̫¡
÷ءִҶסѵ

Ҷ߹ȥ漴ϼı飬ŵЩȥأ
û˵ǵؿִ㣬Щúܺá

ôأҶװʡ
򴽲˵
Ҷ̾ǱȥңǲҵĻҪȥҡ˵ڻͷˣǳ̫ˡǻûжңҲܹúܺõѽ
⻰٣һ㣬ҶҲ᲻ֵܣ˽İǣҲֻΪִ˵ЩȻ׽㿴겻ĵܵܣȴ쳣ĮЩ̫ˡ

ҭΪȥһиõӣû뵽éݵĴ㣬ǹõһ
ﲻƽͬʱ벻

Ҷ˵⼸ӦúܺðɣҿȻһ㣬ȴ⣬ΪǸء

ںҺԺһ£ӹúˣҲѸ
˵ǹúã˵õʱֿԼŵĽӡ
߷ߵصҶǺòãܣԼþУ

Ҷˣһԭ̾
ִü̫ǵ£ǲҪ㣬㲻Ҫǡ
ִǵþҶǸһСͱҵ˸°ߣ
ߡĽ٣ҶҲ϶ǡ

ҶװᣬҲǿǣЩпˣźңǵġǻȥɣƹ½ˣǵףһ¡
ҶﵹǺܸˣõġ

ҴҵȥקҪǡ
ûӦô£ͱԶ磬ôˣǻûأ

ͣ·߷ߵԺ㣬ĺӣҲ
Ϊʲô⣬кˣǲǸӦȥ𣿡
ӡУ㻹Ǹش㡣ȻںҳԺȲһ㡣

ʲôң˼ڿɿأ߷ߵת뵽ϴĳУ־ô̫ϧңǻһãȢϱʱ򣬴Ҫǡ
ˣôҲĴ㣬ϲ㣬ϲǮ

ʹȥˡ

Ҷȥ֮󣬾ȥעҡ
ҲԷһܶʡ͵ĵơ£ҲǰӦԡ

֮Ĵûƹ鷳ҶһƷ¥𣬾ص˶ʼ֪һƷ
صҶƣҶٴ˲ֿĹģӴϼһƷǳ״ˡ

ϦѽڣҶðլꡣ
լӸһ£Ҿʲôģԭ˼ҾСҶµƷȣװ£լȻһ¡

ҹʱеһֱ̾ǰ붼סִլӣ˴÷һˡ
ִͷ˵ǣǼҴ÷ܸɡ

Ҷ޸ִ꣬ʹȵСԺӣסĴլӡ
ǰ컹ҪԼϴ񶼲Ҫˣϴ£˰æɨԺӣ׸ͷˡ

ִھӪýδĿռ䡣
ǼҲִĹϵһ˶鷳Ȼִס档




67.   67    ӻеĳ11

ϼҵլ, е²ȥ¥ڼҺŪ
Ҷæòֺǹ, ڼӣԼ⡣

һ, һƷ¥ⶼܲ, ҶҲѽǮׯǮ, һǮ
ϼҵӺ, ȴһǧɡ

ҿͳΪϵ, , ʱ, Ͱׯˡ
û˳ׯҵԴ֮һܰʱҲ
ȥճɲ, ȥʱö˽ǮûǮûȥ, ҪˣΪǮ, ִ˺ˡ
, һѮ򸾱󲻾, 㲡ˡ
ǵĶŮ˺ҵǮ, ȴһٷڣȥҪǮ

ҪַˣѾǮ, չ
˵ˣٸǮҪǴǣҲܲ㣡

ɫã㣬Ҳǰ£ô˵ܾͲܣ
ҹһΣˣȥճɱͲãҪǮûȥһҽɢ𣿡תͷߣûǮҰôǮԵˣҪǮȥҴ㡣ڲǺùôôãԵˡ

ôˣֻšȭͷ
ȵŸҷԣ磬˰˾ҪһδδǮãθˣԺ󻹻Ρ
ѵҲ֪𣿡Ҳڵסǰɣ

˺֮󣬾ͽǵϼҡ
˵ҶܵܺŷҲûȥ˵ʶ
һֱȵ磬Ҷʱż

Ҷֻ˴ûнȥ
Ҷ뵽֮ǰµĺݻЩŤȴǺֱӵ㣬ܸܲһЩǮ

Ҷһֱйעң˵£Ҳš
ڿҪǮû⣬ԸǮˡ

㿴ұʣʵһǷһƨծҶͳǮʮͳң϶Ѵȫ¾ô࣬ɡ

ݹӣֶû죬㣬¥ô󣬾ǮҲܻܿꡣ£͸ӣ㲻µӷ𣿡

⻰ô˵ģ
ҶǮ˻ȥҺúùӣΪλأ
ֲҲҪǣǶңұַ⣬ɱ˵ֲңΪʲôҪң
ҪǮҲ˰ֻô࣬϶Ҳ֪㻹ȥװɣͲûǮˡ

ʱƿڣ˵
ûõǮͲȥǲǮҾﲻߣ

ǾסŰɣϾҵܵܣۼҿ¥ģһڷԡ˵꣬Ҷ˸ӡ
ʱҶѾˡ

һϼշת࣬ôҲ˯š
գҳ츻˶ָʾϼſڿʼޣ˵

Ҷŵʱÿ츻ڿޡ
츻ҶŴ磬ȺһҪãŹסҶߣҵүҲ̫۸ˣǿĵﰡôȥˣ

ʲôִʱü׵

Ҷִ˵û£ȷʵ࣬ȻĿҲɱ˸óǾͱȥɡ
츻һ٣ޣֻҪǮȥȥˣûǮˡ
Ͳܵܣ츻ȵ

ҶΧ۵ˣһɫһﶼᣬ֪ҵΪˣôü궪ҲϵĵܵܣҲȷʵˡ
һ֪ʲô֪ɱˣҲ£ɱ˾͸óһ˵ǲǣ

Ⱥ˵ǣǱȥ

츻Ҫ٣æλˣǺôܵܣôѪ

λ磬ôѪˣΪ˻ǶԲס㡣Ҷתͷִʹ˸ɫɶҲ˵ˣͱȥ

ִס츻󣬲ߡ
ϼСˣҲһȥ˸á

ʱҵİӣ֤֤Уֻ֮ǰû뱨٣Ҳû¡

ס͵ãĲߺ˲ƿڴ㣬Ͳ𣿡

Ҷһص˵öԵģ㻵£Ҳܰ㰡ϾǻҰ㣬ڣڣ

Χ۵⻰Ҷ壬һ˻

̫үȥ飬һ飬ͲֹİӣҲǣڶࡣĵũȻûзϵľͻĸ
죬ͱѺ

Ϊ˺ȥ𣬵鰸ӵͬʱ̫үҲ˺ҡ
һ飬֮ǰߵľͳܣ˵ۿƺºӣںҩ¶ޡ
ԭǸֻǼͶʵΪгһգԩ

ôһҲſѺ
˵ʱ򣬲̫ȫںֲģЩ˳֤
ôأΪȥôòٱҷ£ȫҴˡ

̫ү󰸵ʱ򣬶˵ϣҧĶ䡣
ѪԹ޵ûõķұʳȫˣҾͲⶼղãҲǻã

ҧһֻ䣬ڵ۵˹ȥ

̫үڹֱˣһ㷴ʡ˼ûУϺü֤˶նףຮ֮ء

ն֣˻ᣬһҪιȥô
ˣǲʲô᣿

̫үԸĻֱӰѶȥ
˵УûԸ

Ѿʮ壬ڶб档
ץסդԹ޵صķ򣬡㣡

ŶȴûΪſڵϣˡ
ֻ޵㣬Ǹô찡Ҳ뱻Ű

Ҳü˼һᣬˣҴ㣬Ҳִ㡣Ƕùôģ
˰ҪҴ㣡
ƴ󺰣æͷϵӣλ磬鷳֪ͨһ´㣬һƷ¥ƹȥǮģǴ㣬ᶪǲܡ

俴۶еӣЦЦؽӹ˵Ҷűˣôǽܡ
ǮţҪˣҲ¶鷳

ӣΪȥϼҶ
һϣûҶ
˵Ǹͳ֣ҲǽҷǸˡ




68.   68    ӻеĳ㣨꣩

ʳ, ͣ˶ηſڡ
֣ƿڴ, ԭΪǸõģ㾹Ȼ⣬˴

, 㡣
ֶ˳׼ķ, ⻹о, ηȷҪò֪١
Ƴۺ, ʶʿˮûԷῴ, ȻЩ, ȴԡ

Ը, ˷ˣռҲƲⶼĴۿɺ죬ȴ, 檾檣Ϊ¼, ȴıߡ
ʼңͿʼүͷ˵Ĺϵ, һСС, Ȼҵλ, ̡ҲӦá

˵
ŭ, ƾʲôҾҪ˵檣ΪūΪһӣǸĸҹȴҵĶ, ӣ

ǲԸ⵱檣㵱Ͳùү俴Ŷѡ˳ѡˣȥ˵Լ
˵ǱΣȴǹͷԸȥ˵檣

ֺͺһ޵ңȻƶʣҲǸʲôˣԳֶѣǾӡ
ڴ󲿷ˣ˶ΪѡⱲֻĵߣһǺҫһǺֻҪйأ˾ͻûǡ
ֵ˺ҺΪЩÿһֱûмˡź˵ϣ·ȴɱһֶεĶ

ᣬȻԼʲô
ҳƶѵҪһֱϽģֺδ֮Уųִ𣬡ǸĸҹԼ˽Ķӣƾʲô޵λã

Ƿ֮ǰ˵Щ϶ǶϾҪˣ뵽;öҡ
ﲻϴҲû£ȵظүԻѵ㡣䣬̧ͷɫ۳žҪ죬Ҳ˵ˡģСǺҵϣһúýټǵͺúɣһ׼һЩˣ˺·

˵ţ־תߡ

ֲöԼ˲ץסդ󺰵澣ˣŹģ

ֲٸӦڵذϣĴ巢
бк⣬һֱˮ㣬㲻Ժ⣬ҳôҶһһҹˣ
ûкˣֻǱţȻţ㣬Ӧúúóȥ

߷תͷԳԳԣ֪ԣ
˵ţѵϵĲ̳Ǳ߶ȥɼͬʱҲɢһء
ȻˣһֱУǼϵĺ⣬ĳڳ

ܵûϢģûΪĶҲšֱС
ܵܳԵô㣬ͻȻˣô˵ҲȳԶٱ
ɶˣȥ̫ˡ

ŵζʿˮҲҳԵ㡣
ܼ񵽵Ĳ˲࣬ȻЩã뵽ϾҪǸһ⡣

Ҷ֪ʱִ˵ġ
⣬˵Ǹֱ붾ȴ
Ҳ⣬ͱֺ̣αشԼ

Ǹ岻ãҲ˶ãץʱ˵ɱ˶ø˱ˣֻҪȶһ˽ᣬû뵽ԸΥľȻ
ִЦ̫ү֪ʱû

ҶҲ⣬ûʲôоͶɱˣӦáֻ˵ˡ

ִҶü˵ֱסҶοҪ̫࣬㻹ء
ҶִУ˵ͷ᲻ʺ˵̫໰ôűá

ȶնգҶûȥпڡ
Ҳûȥ¥Ǻйصˣͷ̫󣬳ȥҡá

֮Ҷʹӣеȥ档
һʱ󣬲Żؾ¥

ǵ£һƷ¥Ӱ첻ʼһӰ죬һƷ¥һʱҲûˡ
ûԭͥѣҶȫȫؿʼƴҵ
ҲĶӱϽȥϢͲٹעҵ¡

ִ֮꣬иᱻȥսе²ִͬȥ
е˵ϼңǮҲһĵλûҪȥƴǰ̡սʱпܶʧֲǵоǡ
еִ˺ӡ

Ҷûִ£ִҲĿռ䣬ִԼ
ִѡ¡

ִѡݣ䲻зǰ̣ݳҲŸСľְһĵλ
ҶذѾ¥غ󣬾ͲģڹŴҪ£Ҫ£ҪȨüþա
Ǯ꣬ҶӴһ㣬ͷúǸѧ⣬Ӳ⣬ϲ䣬ŮǺȤԴŮȥ⡣

ҶŮҪҲ̫˵Ŀ⡣
߹ŮֻҪŮ˾УȻŴŮ̫ˡ

ŮִܽҲˣʺھӪ˳
Ǯƣǿʼɽӣÿ̶ڶջݡ
һֱ߲ˣϡʱŮԳжŮлϥ£ǳĽ




69.   69    ±1

, 
ȡ

Ҷʱ񱻻һеϣһȪˮ, Լȥ
ЪϢӣѵشӴԺ֡

ҹ, ܲڶ
ҶľϺ, ĵԸԺߡ
쵽Ժʱ, Ѿ, ҧ˾䣬ƹ, ϶, ȷҽȥ, ʣ

һֱڵӻסʱӵĸ첲̵þˣȵͬʱ, ±˿Ͻӽݡ

ս, ҶԡͰȥ
ȥȥͰˮҶˮԡͰ, ̵ŵõƬ̵İ

Ȼ, ʱ, ѩӨˡ

Ȼ֪ӷʲô, ӳգֲ֪õ鷢
һȥ￪, ǹԡ֪ʲô£

ѩӨƳһۣȻʲôˮһתǳЦҲûʲô˵£ǽһЩϣãתͷͲˣá

⻰˾衣ﲻ˳ۣƽ˵ǼǹҼ£Ϲ
ˡǹԡûô죬ȰѲϷ£ȹϴлС

ѩӨȴûƵĻԸ޷˯ţȻáҲȥҵյɡ
ֻܵͷ˵ãȥʱĶᵽɤۡ

ԡͰҶ˵ʲôϳѩӨ󣬾֪߲ơ

͵ӣ԰˶࣬ȹʪˣƻȥȹӡ
ȴڼ䣬ѩӨȥԺ˵׼˲ϣǲҪģΪ֪ѩӨϲѩӨʮ飬ֻܸȥ
ȸȥ˺󣬺һ裬ѩӨ˵ȥòϣһˡ
󲻾ãҶ㿪ʼ

ԭԭĸǽסҵı
òԸҲҵ͵κò̫ÿγԺԡ
ļܣϲԭ棬رѩӨ׸ÿοԭ۾Ҫȥ

ѩӨóҶ򸾶ۣϣŮ¸һ¥ԲȢԭ
ԭѩӨ֪󣬱˸⣬췹ԭͿԸ檡
ѩӨôԭΪԭͬ䣬ԭҺ󣬾˵עϲĺӣҲԭòѩӨ֣ԭ

ԭУԭóѡºԭҪأȴֻС
۰ĸΪз磬ԭ㣬͵ƫƧũׯȴֻǹá
ΪѲԭ壬ΪӣһСȴҪµظɻ

Ѻ󣬵Ⱥ˽ʿϺӡ
һԭԭú

Ҷԭʱֻˡ
ԽñȽϼʱûóѡ

ѩӨҶ֪ûҵˣҪҲѩӨҪ
ҶʼǾ鷳ˡ

ͷݽˮУˮһЩ£ҶŴˮг
Ƶ㺰һơ

ƽݺüͷصˡ
֪ҶЩ̣˽ѩӨȥѩӨ뿪ѣȥ
ᡭ𣿡Щԥ
һӦû¡Ҷ

ѩӨˮЩҶ.ҩǱȥʮа˾ŵ˶Ųס
ѩӨã˺ܿܲҶֻʱ䡣
Ĳã̫ãٹһûˣȥҴˡʱĸ䷢Ҷ˵ˡ

ѩӨǣҶȻˡ

ҶѩӨȷ˵㣬ôȥôãǶЩʱ䣬Ϊûȵ㣬Ȼˣ㲻ɣ

ѩӨ΢΢£˵⣬ȥҶĸ첲ȴҶźۼƲ
ѽ㣬ÿҶߵϱϣһۣ͵͵ָ׹˼Ѻۣף㣬ôˣ

ɫĲƥϣмɫѺۣѩӨɫͱˡ

㣬ô𣿡ҶؿѩӨŶĸҸɵйĲ϶ѻɽ϶ô˰ɣǲǸ׼õģ

ѩӨľ˼ҳ̼֣ݣֵط˵̨ġѩӨҲһֱû˸ѩӨǰ¡
ҶˣΪƵĲϣŴΡ

ѩӨɫͲÿˡ

Ҷȴװô˵ҵŮ˶һ㣬ĸ͵ҵĴ˾˶ѩӨҲѩӨƵĲûֻѩӨ
ѩӨֻҧôˣԲסã͹㡣

л㡣Ҷĵ

ĿѩӨ뿪ҶؿڴϵҩԻû꣬ȫţȻҲѩӨ
صԡͰںһյ裬ȴǸоһ

ѩӨ뿪ҶԺӺȴղ˲鿴Ҷû
˵ҶӦû̲ǣܽ򣬰ִ
ҶͷȫȻ¡

ѩӨ󲽻ȥȴҶϨ˵ơ
ѾСЪˣȥţǻᱻ˵
Ѿ˻Ĳƥȥţ֪˵̱

ѩӨݺݵתͷµ㻹˼˵׼һĲƥô׼˻˵ģ
Ϣŭūȷʵʱûзֲװ¸æ͵

ˣ׳һˣѩӨ뵽װıô࣬¾
ȷʵȥţֻա

ҶԡͰãҹ˲˯¡
ʱҶоͷ۵Ҫըˡ

Ѿ˽£߷ߣȴû֤ȥ淢ɫãɫ̫ÿͱȥ밲˰ɣ

ҪǲȥָҪôҡҶױ̨ǰͭеԼĿ⣬ȷʵƯ˼ʣϵ֬ͺá
ԼͿ֬;ɫò˼ַϣƶ̲ס࿴ۡ

ղǶҪ͵磬ҪѸĺĻѹȥˡȻÿе̫ۡ

Ҷȴ˵£ǰҾ̫͵ˣڱ˶Һ۸Һôٻ˼ңʹҲм壬αηηš
ƾ˵еЩǡ

һϷǶȥһ絽
ϷֻһŮҶĸףϧŮţŮµΨһѪҲϧһ㡣

ҶճϷͷĸţЩƣ
ˣ͵ۡϷ˿ͭеԼֿҶŮͿ̲֬ס࿴ۣ㳤˺Խĸˡ¸±㼰ǵĺӣ£֪ôģ

Ҷն밲Ϸ˹ϵ׺Ϸ뷨ߵصȫĸš
Ȼ㰲ţҸǰģ֪㡭һЩ°ˡϷûŮŮҲܺһ㡣

ҶϷͷ򴽵ûʲô뷨ֻһƷñУԡ

ƷȷʵҪϷŮ߼ޣŮļʹŮڵʱҲֻƷ٣ͼ޸̤ʵˣҲտš
˼ôһϷ˾˷

ʱֽǴ˺Ͷ˶ˡ
ǵһϷ˹˼ʮļңȻѾ£ϣҵ˶ڡ




70.   70    ±2

ҶϷ˳ʱ, ϺǮվһкĸװá
Сһʰ

Ϸº, Ŀϵɨһۣܿ˻
ҶʱѩӨϵΣѩӨֻ, ʶһȽϡ

Ϸʹ, ڼеһ㶼, СһĻ¡
϶ҵ, ˵ףǸˣ

⻰һ, Ǯϸоϥ, ̫ȥϷ˵, ĸףϱͷǹ󣬾һǲ̫ʡѩӨͻСż

Ϸǻ˼ʮ˾, ֻһۣ֪С˼, еķ䲻Ժ, ȴҲһ, ޸˼, õļҷ硣ƽԶ򸮵ĵճ, ˼ϵ֮ӣҶЪ˼

ǮϱϷ˵, δĹֻһŮһǴ󷿵ŮĹĹž꣬˵أ˵ĿⶼѩӨϡ
ҶǱϷļϵˣòű

ѾŮᴿ֣صƽԶΪߵģһֱָӷɻڴ˵忤¶ˡ
⻰Ǳ̨ʱƽԶϣῴһƷٵŮ

Ǵ󷿵ճŮǿȥһҶүԶүгϢϷҲشһ㣬˵Ҳûʲô˼ɡ

ѩӨĸô˵ʱסڼ⾩ƵϺŵĹŮòһһĺãôĸȴȫ䲻ƽԶһ
ۿѾʪˣ⿴ŵҶ˼ֺ⡣ĸҶƫĸտ϶˵

ǮҲܣǼҺƽԶУӺƽԶͬýˮ¥̨ȵ£һܳء
Ϸƫƫô˵

ǲǣϷƽԶ˺ͱ̸Ѿ˵ҪƷٵŮˣû˵˭ϷҲóʾ
İ˿ңֺαôõĹȥ˵ƨɡ

ɡϷ˿Ǯϻǲ̫ģĬĬ̾

Ϸ񣬾ʱֽ˵ƽԶˡ
һ⻰ڳסɫ졣

ҵĹﲻܸ檣ȻףضȢѩӨ
ǮϺѩӨһۣüĸо

΢΢üϷǿȥǴĸԺգȻҲ۹⡣ͬϷ˵˵Ҫ֪֮ȻֻԸ
ƽԶףһͷˮôҲ벻

Ϸֻ£С뿪
Ҷߵĵʱ뵽ƽԶǾ䡰ﵹ˹ɫĪЩ

СǶ˺󣬽ϲŴƸ񵽡
ǮϿϣЦӭȲ뽪

ϵغǮЦ£ǮЩΡ
Ϸˣˡ

˿ˣ֪µģϷʵ
˭Ȼߵıˡ˵ʱ˰Ƹ򿪣Ϊ׼ƸϺõͱʯȦõġ

ϷǸףûǺסȷϵˣû˵Ϊף

Ȼû
˵꣬תͷ۱ϵǮϺͳϣֻϷ˵û뵽ڣҲ뿪Ŀùķˣһģ˵ס

Ϸ˼˵ʱЩ㣬ʣ˿ȢΪң

ǡϵ

һ⻰Ϸ˾͸оͷмСתȦȦеĽϣѾҪˤˡ
ҼװףڵʱҲ볯Ϊ١ʹҴǰҲûи檵ĵذɣˡ

ʵϽչҲǱΣΪӿ£ɳȴƫƫϲһûмĹȻͬ⡣
Ը⣬ӷźݻ˵˳ס˵˵һ󣬴ӦȢ檣ӲԸĻȢŮ

ϷˣѾãǸʲôˣҲ޸ӣ˵檣ض
ϤĶӣͷһغΪһŮˣϲ֮࣬˺Ͷӵ֣ʶŻƤס
ѾӦӣҹźӭȢڣҲû𡣡

һ˵Ϸһڣ˹ȥ
æȥˣǮȥ˺

ҲҶ˵ֻȻȥˡ

ϷһΣҾˡ
ҶʱڻԵϷˣǵǡ

һ쵽֪ޣ㣬ϷֺαػǮԸŮῴϷ˲ˣҲûģҶ
ѩӨѾ˵Ҷ׵£˵ǸңȴģҲˣõòǲҲزסԺŮӶûӼΣֻǼ棬þҲǺôı¡

㣬ĸûѣ˵Щ˺ԼҽãôĸأҶۿᣬԹѩӨǹķֱ̣ѩӨ

ѩӨҶôһǺ㻹˼ĸջˮĸλнգ

סڣ
Ϸ˸ѹѩӨ⻰ÿԡ

ҶæˮιϷˣҲǰʺ
ϷỹͷΣ˿Ҷίı飬תŮѩӨ̫ûнˣҵľȻĻ˵óȥգ

ѩӨʱˣĸŮ˵Щǡ
ȥϷ׵
ǮϷٱΣŮɴˣæŮȥ

Ϸֿ۳ϣüͷ΢šȥүûУǻˣһˡ
֪ĸлҪŮ˵ʶȤسȥ

ȳһߣҶ͹¿ͷĸҶԲס
Ϸ˿Ů£۵УϵæҶ

ҵɵӣʲôˣһô˻ϵԽ˵ˣĹֲǻȥλԸ檣۸۸ͷˣ
Ϸ˵꣬Ҷ֪ƽʱСúèһԲɽףȢΪ檣֪ҪЦ㡣ô찡
ԸԴĺӣϷ۵оλ±ֻ֪ưͳԻ

ҶĸУҲˣ޵ȥ
ⶼﻰ˵͸ļҵ࣬ȴҲ㹻һӡȥϷ˹Ǯƣң·ͺá

˵йҲ˵ģϷҶ漴ֿʼ̾

һϷˡ
ҶȻǵˣûĹΪ˹ƤȻȥ

ȥ·ϣüͷ塣
ô찡߼ѣһ檣´ȥ˱ضҪЦк˼Ҳ˶˼ɡ

Ҷǲı˲ףҾ˾˻ô룬ĸضվߣ˲һرǹŴˣµŮӵѴ


һ̾Ҷչչһʱײһˣͷ͵һ
ȿǶǺһ󲽣

áؿڣίˡ
ûܵõҶշתһϣҶСǳǳۣ̲סҪϧ

лģȻˡҶҴҵȴסȥ·

üʲôһãίһ㡣ǳĺʱϲҶһˣһֱûлᡣ

ҶȴƵӲԶٴǰʱӴһˤ
ؿ磬㲻Ҫòã

Ǵ󷿵ճӣȣԵµļܵܶ
תͷҶڵϣǺô۸ã

ͷø磬Цˣô۸ءֻǿܣ밲ο䡣

˵꣬ҶŸ첲ʵ磬Ϊң

ҪͿҶĸ첲ˣ漴ǼпˣҲ̫ˣȥҹʮ顣
ҪڽͣȴԸһ

ҶƵĲվˮؿֵͷСл磬û㣬Ҷ֪ô졣
˶֪СҴ˵Ҷô˵ˡ

Ǹһһ۵ĶˣûףƽദĹԼҽãҶе㲻һ᲻˵ʲôã˶٣ĪҪˣƽͱȽϳ嶯ȥɡ

Ҷҡͷ˵ˣĺˣ϶ҪæҲ鷳ġ
ͳȻҲӺͽϴ֣ҶСҪҶȥ

ȵԺſڣͲȥˡ
ûã˸ҩ

ҶͿ˸ҩ뵽ʱ뵽ҩ£ãһ޵˶ġ

ͬʱϷҲͶӶϱ˵껰
˼ǣͬҵĻ£ȻҪ˴ǣŮȥʸȨҪ˶

Դˣ󷿷򸾶ûϣܺҼֻû¡
Ϸ֪ӻһҲΪŮ˶ӵǰֻ̣˵ҶĻµǡ

ȴ󷿷ߺϷ˲ų̾ⶼʲô°
һֱźϷ˵ֶ˲βòͨһͺˡ

˵òģԼͨͨϷ˺˲β裬ŵŮѹҶڣҲҲǴûеûˣŸ۸ô
ҲЩߣ˽ȷʵ̫Ƥһ㣬Ȼû˵ȴʹϣҲ¡

ˡϷ˲ᣬؿڻǶһǵƣҪ檣ƫҪһŶõ£




71.   71    ±3

ײ, ǳ£غ󣬿۰Ͱ, ݵصǷİɣҲ檡
ǵ, ʲô˰, ֲС, Ǹ±, ﶼˣĸ, ôʲô
ҵҪ, Ϸ۰, ޸ʲôĺ˼ң

鲻ɣ񵱼ȥĸףǴӦ, ȥ׵𣿡

϶£˻ŷӦ, ӣڹ𣿡
, ҡ
ʲôңϴ, һ, Ϊ, ϧȥסߣϸ檣ܹҲģ

仹иС, ɴӴСͳɫĺӡ
ɵᣬȴΪһŮԼ
絶ʣֲٶԡ

ӿĸ뿪֪˵˻ҪǸȴֲҶԡ
뵽Ҿܾ£ֿʼᣬϲҶġ

ӵݸ飬ҶҲס
Ϊǿԭġ
ӵİ̫ˣ粻ףȴȫҲֻʱ䡣

Ҷһ꣬Թ󣬾ڳ¿ꡣ
һһ졣

ͷˮǽݰɡ
޷ƣҾҶ֣ˮ˳ֱ£СԺһĻ

С˵㣬ҶŶȥϷ
Ϸ˽΢˵㣬ڴϣҶ֪С˼أҵ£ֻ˵ҳ

ҵ˲Ը׵£ϱܾﲻʹ죬˳ȥ
һһ˵˵Ҷһ˵ӣǲ֣Żǡ

˵´ǧյĹ⾰˶˵¡
ţҲ˲š
ֻܱŲţŮӵΪá

Ϸ˵֮һû˹ȥ
ϺǮϸ˵仰ͱϷ˸ϳȥֻҶһ

Ҳˣ˲ȫɵӣϷ˱ָһɫ֪߿ʼԺɫ԰ˣסҶ֣ʣϵ˼Ů׺ҾûŰھǡ
ǶһȦˣҽһΣҲк˼סȻŮԶޣϷ˻Ǹдȥ

һڹʱѡϷ̾˿ɥӣֻһЩҲţʹˣԶǰʶҲŸҺƤдȥ
˵䣬˿ڼ򵥣оλôҲһٻ޹ȥټĸӣǶø񡣡

ϷǸӲˣǰûŮԶޣû¡ҵλЩ࣬Źϵãȥ˵ס
ʵ۸ˣŮ˵ź£ʵʲ

ҶϷ˵۰жˣǶŮϷҲ񰮡
ĸŮãˡ޶ССžۡ

˵ʲɵĹûĸףȻҪϷ˳̾㲻Ҫͱ˵ǰţǸˬˣǺܿؼƷ϶ϲ
Ҳ̫ţ²ɣҲԱһô꣬游Ҳвܻкʵġ

ҶϷ˳徢ôͬˡ
Ϸ˵Զ࣬ܣȥׯ˾Ǻٻҡ
⵹ȫҶ⣬ôˣи˼Ҷȥȥһʱ䡣

գҶ׼ȥׯӡ
ǰѩӨһˡ

ӴҪȥׯ˰ɣѩӨ֪ĸҪҶȥׯӣĸ׶ĸҶŻȥׯӣȹ˼ɶûУĸһȥׯӣ϶ܣɲҪԹĸ

ô˵ء
Ҷһ޹ؿѩӨҴδ˵ԹĸѲģԲô˵

㣡ݣ˸ǰίίһСģҸǰš
ѩӨߵָҶỹ˵ң͵ưɣׯ첻Ӧеصزʱ޵ʱ򣡡

㣬˵Һú°ΪʲôҪôףҶί

ǻͷҪȥӣᣬѩӨûʲôµģ̧־Ҫˡ
վ֣ʹŭһ

ѩӨʲôߵԺӣѩӨ

ҡѩӨøˣ˲ջ֣ûʲôǹãûҪæĵط
ȴֱӵæҪҶˣỹƱ磬̫ʧˣ

⻰һѩӨɫ˲Ұףεò֪űȽϺá
øҵļСƣֵܽöе

ҶΡΡǰһС磬㣬ҲãҴ鷳ҲΪҵŻҡ
û£ҶҪˣͲҪ鷳˺õĸ飬ǾͲˡ

ѩӨථ£ҶˣҲţȥú˼һ£ΪʲôҶȴϲ㣡

˵ϲֱѩӨϴһ⣬ܳȥ޲ðҶ˺á

ҶѩӨˣһ̾Ҳá

ôܹ㣡ӺҶûΪÿҶҶûȥһΣþȥ
ˣ˵óһƱׯȻƫԶһ㣬кܶطҪǮƱšķͷȥĸ϶˽

磬ҲҪҶҡͷ

ţǸõģһֵܽã¡ٴȥܣƱҴˡ

ҶƱǮ˵ɲСĿһµӲǱʲôųﹻǮ
Ʊƣպá

һ磬þǴ󲿷˻ûŵʱҶȥˡ

ϷҶ˸ֱȽƧׯӡ
ҶׯӺҲùѩӨ˵Ľ첻ӣׯרſׯӵˣֵļׯֺ졣
ׯպҶϲӡ

ׯҪÿȥ밲Ҳõ˻鷳
ÿճԹ󣬾ܿ飬ȥ䡣

Ƴżһӵ£Ҳϲׯ
һǰ¡

һգҶ糣ù緹󣬴ļβͣһЩȥ
ƺС˸һȥׯӸ䣬ҶƸ﹡ϵģǾȥժ

һæװʱѾһʱ¡
ҹׯӸҰǣһ˵ÿЩȥ

ֱһľʱҶͻȻľŵýһ
Ϸ±ⵣǰ棬Ī£Ұ֮Ұׯߡ

ҶȴòԾȴӹľһֻ֣ס
˻ᣬ㿴һѵشӹľѱƺüӣ࣬ǴɽϹӡ

ȡȾңΡΡͳһƣſڵϣ˹ȥ

׳ŵӹȥۣϵùҶ
Ҷ֣֪ˣ뵽ϷҪ˵ӣæø˱ȥ

صׯӺѾˣܳȥֻпׯӵ˰æ˿
Ҷ˻ḣ˵ûʲô£С˺ܶ࣬ιȥӦ۵ġ

ˣǲǵøϷ˵һʡ
ѹҸ˺ȥšҶŪݣĸźð¡




72.   72    ±4

Ҷʱ, ˵ˡ
Ѿȥ򣬹극ȥʡ
ڹȥɡҶк档

ݺѾ, ҶʱЩס
ӣҶ΢΢ü

ϷӦԼ̫ʧæƿĿ, л֮, ҽ, ˹ƽ, ض𡣡

ҶˣΪϱ, ӿ, СѾȥ, ֪ţҺȥţ㡣
ѵĲϿҶѾµϰ˳, ʹӣҲݺˡڿ, û꣬С, ʵڲƥ䡣

ǴӶ͵ܳ, æҡͷ˵, , һվͺá֪﷼պлᣬҶ𡣡
Ҷȴҡͷ˵, ֪ͺãҵķöԡȻӲҪ˽ӣˣ뿪á
˵񶼲ȣ뵽ĸ˵游ĸ赽ϲӡ

ϿҶôˣкǿϧûüʼ仰ء
͵͵Ӷܳģĸ˵࿴δ˵ǸǳƯĹԸְţС־ֵ飬ԾŲŲĹŮһȤûС
ҽλ޵ˣݣÿһŷ飬ûܸƯˡ
ǿϧ￴ģԸ˵Ȼĸ˵ס

ϱûˣׯһգ˸첲еۣûʲô¡
ҪߵʱҶ뵱лóˣҶһȥӱ㣬Ǹ׼ӣź·

ׯ뿪źǲׯҲǹٻ˼ҵСǹٻ˼ҳͿףֻ˶Ը

ׯһأϿСʱȥҶ

ҶϣȴЩ⣬ܿȴϡ

ϸ֣Сܹ
Ҷæӣеĺз¨޹ӣô
ϲ˼ͷҾкǰǺ˵ӡﲻԸ֪ضйĵҳ˹Ķ飬Ҫ˵Ѵʱҡ
˵꣬ﻹЩźôƯĹ϶ˣö뿪

ߺƲžȵعϷ˸׼ķ޹ӿȻһЩһ
ҶüϹ˵ֶûһƲдѯʣҾûϣ
ô˵ۣҾʹѣ£˴粽С

ȻĸϵãɹϵٺãҲԸΪǨӵĻ¡Ҷһʼû룬ΪϷˣ;·ˡ

ͷ¨ĺз仹ûеʱ򣬵ʯͷҺзһȤ顣
ǲºӣԼȥз
¨˺ҶŴƺ͸ȥ

һ˿ҪׯʱԶԶؾͿվһˣ߽һ㣬ϳӡ
Ͼ
ҶüǻȥҪ

ӿҶ˹ſڡ
һ˷ܵؿҶҾ֪ûҴطǲ֪Щãҵˡ

ǰסӣӣء

ӱҾܾ󣬱ЪȢҶģѩӨ˵ҶѾҷֶһЩ˼òҵ

Ϊ㣬ЬӶĥˣһ仰Ը˵𣿡ĵ

Ҫ˵ʲôҶ̧ͷ֮䱾ʹûϵȴң檡ĸ׻ŪǶ֪˴꾫ֻ
ӣ㺦ˣѲɻҸм𣿡

ҡҲģֻ̫ϲˡӼҼһۣҾϲ㡣
ȷʵԲס㣬Ըⲹ㡣㣬ֻҪԸ⣬ҿԸһլӣԶʳǣ

Ҹ㵱ңҶЦˣӣ˼ɣҲϲ㣬ϲ㡣
ĳôطˣͲ䣬ҾͱˡʱǿµĺӣȻǸͽӡ

ҶԽԽ˳ۣƹֱſڣתţˣⱲӲˣҲ˵檣˵ҡ
ҵ檶Ȳϣ˵ȥҪ˴֣ȴңǳ..
ҶһҲ̲סƢ

ű顱عϣڱĹǰˮûйʱ
·ϣŽյĴţС˹ȥȴվŲҲȥҵҪܾҲܣ

źƣӵĻΪѵغӵӻԸ뿪ôźã
Ҷ̧ͷɫỹ磬ӻ̵סһǾſվţôͷɹˣҽࡣ
ȴǵǣʲô£ض£̫۸ˣ㵽ˣȴҪơ

˵ҶͷָֻҶ㣬ŻṴûйأȥӲ¡
ŮӾȺ塣

ҶҲ֪ӳ»鷳룬ƣȥʰȻǲ𣬾ȥׯӡĸ޵ׯӲڸôȥס
Ϊӽȴ޿κΣֻܴæȥʰ

ҶøźҲȥơ
޲óȥһ٣ǺճӣһָͷҪԴˣֻ

ûãͻȻߴ򶷵æŷȥϰͲڵϴȻסϣһ۾ϳˡ

ϷԸׯϣֻܻȡ˵ҪȢҶҵĻ
ڰׯӵŹϺͳɷ˵ֱӶ֡

ʱϾǸСȲϾ֣ȴҲһʮԸֻȭȣֻҪ¡
ޣС˱ȵƦ˵ֱ꣬ӰʹΣߵſţȸź󣬿ٵʲôӣҰǴˣģ˴ʱһһ˵һȥңǵ￴ʲôɫ

Ȼм϶ְæȴҲǣϣæҵүǲ֪ƽԶʥŨλƽԶ򸮵ճӡİ˶ǾУɱ¶ݰ

ƽԶʡ
ȷʵСĺܸмæҲлģ£ʵ̫ðգǲǵ͵һЩΪá˴ǸҸط¾У˿£ȻţֻܳưͿ
ЩԸôţͬˣаɣǾͰ˵




73.   73    ±5

Ҷʱ, Ϊ⣬кˬ
ȥƣȥ͸ϡ
, һ·Сġ

ЦǺǵ˵û£Ͱİɣҿ϶Ҹõطˡ
Ҷڰ, ܵҶһ䶣, ˷ܡ

ߺ, ҶǴƻһׯס

ϸ˾, ˸ĵطͶȦ, ﳤȥ
͵ܳ, ǲԸȥ, ʲôǹŮŲϲԸھһᡣ

ھգǮ, ȥǮׯȡǮĸǮׯ˵, սǮׯûãͱ˸˻ȥ

ھбԺ, ϱ˻, Ϸ˿, һ, ̲סûˡ

ĸɿЦеص
Ϸ˷߷ߵƤ, ֪֪ЩӣΪ㣬˶˼
ǸôʮˣֲСõĵġίĸۣɿɡ

Ϸ˿Ը첲պ죬Ȼۣβûɿǿɲɣôɿ㣬ܵø죡
ҡͷ˵ˣϷ˲š

ҲǲֻҪӦҺȥϷŮһ棬ھͷȥϢôϷ˵
ͷܾҲҪ˵ˣҲϲĹٺõĹҶϲһ쵽ֻЩƹأǳˣҪҶ߶Ϸ˵ŮٺãҲȢ

һ⻰Ϸ˾
Ѹߣĵľӵ¡ҸŵŮϵߺӻᱻѹơңֲĶԷļҽ̡
յϷʱϷ˱Щġ˵һ㣬ԽŮƷȻҲû£ģû˸۸ǡ
ƫƫ⡣

ֻȥһ棬ֲ϶ףǼ˲ϲ˵ҲԡϷȰ
ȴ̬ǿӲȻѾȷûܣǲҪ˷˹ʱ䡣
죡ҪˣϷָϵԸԸ⣬ҷѾȥϷţԼʱ䡣Ȼ㻹ôǿŰɡ

ĸϵֺͽŶסҲûãϷǴҪ¶

Ϸ˵͵ңϷ˾ȥҶ
ٶҴ󲿷˶û뵽ԭΪҶȥׯӣϷ˷ҶôͰ˸ӻ

Ǯ밲ʱ򣬻һҶ£ȴϷ˸ûȤ

ҴǵԣԸҪ˵ýӻѲҲŴˣϷƼҼʮ꣬Ǯ϶ʱ͹¡
ϱҡǮϸæ
ã˭ҲңȻͷּҳȥʡÿķϷ˲Ը˵¡

ĸڣּҡϷ⻰ˡ

ǮϴϷʱҴڴ
Ͼߣͣ£治Ϸ˸ǰ˵£ҳ󣬼ʹҲҵ档ҵĹҲᱻۡһӽãѩӨͬ꣬ѩӨ˼ң͸
Ǯϸձĸֱ꣬ɩ䣬ɫʮѿ

϶ҶĺܹģֻҶͨŮóԺúžУһŮֲӰʲôȻҲȥҶ
ЩӣߵԴʱѳ޵Ůл˵뵽ҵ£ҲΪߡ
˼˵ãҷŵĻ˵һ㣬ҲΪҺáת⼸ѾˣҲ£˵Բԣ

Ǯֻ˵ԣȳߺ󣬿ųϵıӰ߷뿪

Ҷׯӻʱ˲ׯزսңȥϷ밲
ûм棬Ϸ˱ҶǺһؿޡ

ҿôô࣡Ϸ۵
Ҷҡͷ˵ûݣĸĪˣׯܺãûгԿ࣬öлĸҰš
ɵҲΪ룬˭ءϷ˵޼ҵ£Ϸ˾ͻţϷ˼㣬һϲġ

⻰ҶЩԥûѾϵºĸ˵
룬ǾòҪ˵ĺãΪ׮²ɣӱԾͺá

ϷһᣬҶŻԺӡ
˴£ȴǸɸɾǰڼһЩ˺֪ѩӨʱСġġ

ߵ϶ǹġ
˵ƣңǼ£˾ɡֵǮİڼԵѩӨС

Ҷ£ѩӨʹˡ
ѾһЩڼãҿǵȵˣǰЩӲСĴһЩЩµ

Ҷһתʹ˸ɫЦźѩӨҿáֻһЩѰҪĶ
ѩӨȴҪѶ£Ҷ¡

ѩӨƾ÷
Ҳģȥǲǲǰ˻˼ͲҪЩҶ

ƴȥѶʱҶҲֵҸԺӡׯһЩСȻأȴһ⡣
յˣ̬ҲͬǮĸŮѶˣϵǾҶģٴθҶǶﲻ֪ʲô

һҹȥҶһȥ밲
룬·

һ˲䣬ƾǰվһ

ãǺþòˡ
Ҷͷ簲á

ãô찡ҲҪȥĸ밲ɣһȥСܸҶòڼӣǲ֪ж㡭

أЩ˵Ļ˲áҶӿ첽ұңôң
ԶĴ磬Ҷæһ䣬磡

һ㣬Ҷתͷðá
ҶҲá

ڣͲٲҶֻܸ˱ϡ
һͬϷ˵ӣŹ밲ϷֻҶһ

ûãѾ߽˵ˡ
Ϸ˸æȥִҶǺ˵ˣ޼һˣôؾҶױ̨һöӣҵģô̫ҡҲ̫ˡôмΣΪƯ˼ӡ

ҶϷһڴϷ˵飬ϷָĨ˵֬
پޣʩʱ򣬱㹻˾̾΢ױ󣬸򼸷ֳ顣

Ϸ˵ؿŮҼòܱȡ
ҶߵͷĸͱЦˡ

˵ʱѾ߽˵쵽ˡ

ʱϷ˺ϣտԺӵĹš
Ϸ˿ӻһԸǶỹųһ˵ҾͲԸ࿴ʱڶûã
ǿһЦĸľǡ
ͶϷ˿˵ˣŮһûиÿĹһ˳ϲҲӲ˹ɱһֱ

ĸģҾԲᡣϾĹﶼоÿǲ˼ɫ

һԺӣǸϷ˾ʹӭӡ
Ͻöû˷ܣֺ˺һ

Ϸ˵ʱϷ˲ע⵽Ϸ˺վһͤͤĹģϷʱ񣬲ɾ̾ãŮ¡
˵ţתȥӣӺϷʰ룬ȴǵͨ죬˼ҹƲۡ




74.   74    ±6

Ϸ˸ʹɫû, ֱק£ϲ㶻
ϣ, ˰

ŶŶúáѾﵽߡ
Ϸһӵı飬֪, ˵, ĸɲϲ˶

Ϸ˲ɫشһ, ˵ǳúܺ, 忴Ҳʵûôء
к, վ, ݰɡ

ͱ˲ˮ, ҶվϷ˱ϣæź򵹲衣
Ҳ°ɣæˡϷҶ֡
Ҷɵͷ, ĸ

ϷһֱڿҶҶʼնû̧ͷ߿, ͦ⡣СƤģ, ˾̾

λϷһ, ҶȥԺ, ˼˵˵
ҶлҪ˵, ϳȥ

ԶҶȵ, ֮ǰҾ£㱣𣿡
ΪΣϱлҶ˵Ե֣ȴû뵽Ҷ˵Ҫᡣ
ŮӣȻǻׯס֪ҵʱһλӣڲãҲûкĸ˵ҶߵͤųеĽ𣬡ң㱾Ͳ䣬ǲҪйǣȽϺá

ϱԼ꣬ҶϷܵܣ緢ഺʱ򣬲ʺޡ

һӵĻȴҶĻҭסˡ
һǾӦֱӵȴǺԵ֮֡ǰңҳͶԵҡҲϲ㡣
˵һʱǺ졣жϲ͸ֱ˵˵ҴŲ¡

Ҷϲתͷ϶͸ˣЦϲʲôأ
ҡҾÿĵػãҾϲͷ˵Ÿ׵Ļʵһ۶ҿҶᣬоĿͨͨ졣

Ҷʣ˽𣿡
֪ϲʲôϲʲô
Ҳ˼Ρ

ǾͶ뵱ȻصҲ˽ңȻ˽ң֪ƥƥ䣿
һΣתͷҶһۡ

ҶǱסȰϣȻû˵
ͤ˵ʱѩӨþÿǡ

üʣ˵ˣ˭أ
ѩӨһ㻹֪ɣλĸƫƫȥǿӣĸ׼ɾɱغڿʲ
治֪ôһ£˵˵˼ң˵иλָʲôʱᱻϸ˾λôῴˣ

ѩӨ̧üԼҸ磬ƾ˵ҪҲԶӣӸߴӢԼҸǿ˲֪١
Լ磬˵̫ĵĻеôҲ֪ôģںûС

˵òǿġһֱŲԶҶȫûע⵽⻰µ˶ɫҲһõòˡ

ģѩӨߵزЬӣݵˡ
۵Ҳͤ˵ע⡣

Ҷ˭
Ҷ硣Ҷ
簡ҿôüۣһֱ㿴أϵֱǸˡ

ӣʱˣǻȥɡҶתƻ
ҲСҶȥ󣬿쵽ϷԺӣϵϲҵ£㲻ѹһĸ˵ҪһЩʱ˽⣬ʩѹ
ҶһϣʹصͷȽĸԺӺ󣬲ź֪طԼӦ˺ϽӴ

ϷϷ˵Ҫ׵£̲סǸҼǰһ۾ͷϵˣǺ޳ܣ˼ҵĹֲǻȥ˭Ըȥ檣ҶӻûȢף檣Ҳ¾˴ǣ̫Ҫˣ
ϷһЩЩλ뵽ʲô˵ʲôˡ

ϷϽô˵һЩǰҺúõһŮͱǸˡ޲ܵù
ţˤͷʱ򡣡Ϸ˵⻰ʱҶϽˡ

λﱲһۣ󶼷϶仹ţϷЦ÷
һ̸޼Ÿ뿪

ϷӻЦеģ˼ȥҲǿŤĹϲ𣬾ûģȻƯȻϲĸҲǿ㡣ȸ밲󣬻ٰҸϲģ㿴ô

˭˵Ҳϲˣϼˡ

Լ˵İ˵ʲôǵĹŮ̫أܲķˡϷ˵
ҡҲǵˡϲӣû˵ϲ

ϲඣϷ˿Խ˼Ȼϲĸ׿ɺã
𣡡ϸæҺŸռ棬ôף඼˽⡣ĸǻҪھǴ£ٴ
㾹ȻżϷЩ⣬ôƯĹҪǣ᲻ʱ򱻱ߣɱûŶ
Ը⡣ϵ

Ϸ˿Ӽ֣ģܲˣˣ̲ס࿴ۣοʮɡ

޼ҵ뿪ϷҲҶ뷨ҶĴҲٴ
Ϸ˵û˵ϽײϤҲá

ҪҶļ
ʱӦкܶףҶصҺһֱûš
գһףϷ˸˳ȥ

֮ǰҶæѣϹʱȥĸһ
һգҶ廨ʱƱ˳ȥ˻ᣬһʳн˵ġ

ʳһ㣬˺üĺ±ζǾԡ
ƿŴСӣ̾׸澫£Ưóˡ
ҶۣСӱû֣ÿһֻֻаƴ󣬿žϲˣóҲҪԣܲ˷ˡ
Ц˵ǣʳжڿ󣬲ſ»ѹһֽ

Ҷֽ˿ȥ¹¿ľջ
ȥɣƶӡܺãڴ
Ҷ룬ջ¿϶ܶˣʹУ¾˰ɣҲϲǸ֡Ҽǵóϵļɽ԰ľջҲȥ˵ȥɣǶ˲ࡣҲЩҪ˵
Ժӳȥ˷ܵȥˡ

Ҷ廨ӱϣŲϵĺĻһһ䣬ȥʱͻȻһ䡰á
͵̧ͷӵ˲䣬ü

˲٣մȦȥĸ׾ͲҶ£Ȼơ
Щӣö꣬ر˵ȢҶټҶһΡ

ҶӣҵĹ뷿㴳
ãҶ˵ˣҪ޸ǲǣۿ΢ʹؿҶ

Ҷߵߣߵʱæȥ
棬Ҳˣ԰ġ

ӣ˵ΣҼ޸˭Ҷûϵ㲻ҪɧҡҶǿӲ
ַŭؿҶôңҶһƬģ֪֪Ϊ˶Ŀ࣬Щ˵Ҫ޸ˣҳԲ£˯ţ㡣

ӣ鶼ǱָԼģҲûйϵҶҲӣæߣÿѰ˵æܹȥ磬磬¡
ÿţΪɣҲǡȥöûӣֻܳˡû뵽ῴӴӱԺܳ

ɫصӣӣʲô




75.   75    ±7

ؿ, ҡҾ仰˵
ǹ˼ݣѾ˶ˣ, ôǸŵӣҲеȡҵ涼Ҫڳ㣿

ҶһС, , ҡ

˸, ʾӿˡ
ȴ뿪, Ҷ, 治Ը޸𣿡

øǰ, ˵˲ԸǲԸ, ʡ
УҪڡӷ߷ߵɨ󣬡һգһŰ͸ң

ǰ, ߣ͡

ߺ, ҶСתͷ, ǲ鷳ˣ
Ӳ, ޹أ

һĻ, ñѩӨ
ĸ˵, ûϣټ޽ңΪҲͬ⣬ϷҲԸ⡣Сϲ, УӾõģûбӸõӡ

ѩӨҴ׷ȥ뿪֮ǰҵӡ
鲻ãѩӨҲûкҪʲô

ҡӣΪֻϲأѩӨۺؿӣǿһƿ˶ѡ
ϵˣ˵ֻòòûеķ䣬ǸСټҵŮȴǳ˵ΣѩӨǰҲϲ㣬ԺҲϲ㣬檣Ҳ䣡

ͷϣһ˵ü䲻
ѩӨ㶿ӵıӰ·һˮڲĽӣȴ˵һĲֵ̤𣬻ʮ

ãѩӨŶԭؿ˳
ߵѾæȰ±˿ѩӨֹסģͦס

һߣҶ󰲸Ϣȥˡ
յ£Ӳ鷳

תۼ䵽ҶǵӣȻֻǱϷ˻ǰĸҶų档

ŮӼǣ꣬ޡ
ҶһϮˮɴȹһ;˵Ŀ⡣
ұòھǣȻǼٻ

ϷȥҶ磬Ϊľܾˡ
ŮͤͤϷ˺Ժ

ϷվϷߣЦҵĹòƲ˶
ҲſģȻʶȤ
Ҷһͦˣ˿ÿ˭˶ˡ

æһ죬Ҳз̽Ϸ˵Ŀڷ硣
Ϸ˻Ǹ޼ҵ£ֻûһƲҲð˸ؾˡ

ҶһգжױȥЪ¡

ûգӾͺͳŮѺͿףϢҵʱ򣬺ЩֿʼҶ
Ҷȴ⣬Ǻӣ׶ԸˣǸѺͿǸŰģǺǻһ

ҶӺ˭ףѩӨȴһƤһûӶ׺󣬵˹ȥ

ǮŮһ磬Ů󣬱ŮʹޣҵĺŮôŲأٺãҲǸʲϵﰡ
ѩӨĸ׻Уĸ׵Ŀȴûʲô飬ǰôͲأ첻
ǮŮħһ㣬ڵҲãĴ롣ףҾ͸ôӦ˲ǣһʸ֦ˡ

ǮͺھܾңɺȥҵʱѾ˵£Ҳˡ
ЩӣǮһ˫Ů£ߡ
ٿŮۡ

ѩӨȴţպҶ׵ı
ĸ˵ʲôȥ뵽ֻһˡ

ǮҹŻȥ
ʱһ겻񣬷߷ߵɥʲôãôϲӣ檲ˣ

ѩӨ̧ͷ檣
Ҿһ˵ȻԸȥ檣иãҪЦ鶼˶֣Ҫб£ͻӵ£Ǹ𣿡

ѩӨ߿ȥô֪ûأ
ûõ仰Ȱı䲻˽֣ͲҪԹˣõġһǰһȽϺãˡ
ǰһЩȽϺáѩӨͻȻЦ綼Ҫˣ㻹Ǳ֪Щ£ضŹ㡣
ʲôˣһָûô˵ǵһҩͳˣﻹµЩ¡

˸죬ȥʱտҶкҶϾˡ
ƤСǣҴᣬȻ㣡

Ҷһ̵ܿ뿴˾Ӻ
㵽һ¥Ҷߣȷû׷һ

۵ƷУܻгԿʱū˵ڸ˵ף˵ĻǻɼҵĹ˵ȥʣλӶ鲻ɣҲûУ˵ɵġ

Ҷˣ˼΢תˬôãͻɽףòܱ
ƣҼǵϰ꣬ԺǲһѾ߳ȥ

ǽѩ˵ǺͶӰ̥˴̥ϳȥˡƻش꣬ʣʲô
֪ѩȥˣҶʡ
ҡͷǸϻؼȥˣǲ֪Ρ
ȥҶ˼

ѩļھѴȵ֪ѩ˰ӣҶǮѩýѩȥɼҿһͨ
ọ̈̄Ҷû¶棬Ҳûͽѩ˵ΪʲôҪô

ѩǱǮ϶ֱ̥ӣͺ͸Ǯĸӣ˵ҶǲҲԸȥɼ˵ԭί
ɱûôû׾˯ѾߵĶӣŮʹûŹ˸ǮϣҪٵš

ǮյɵϢʱһڣ˹ȥ
ҲΪ£õ˳ȥ

Ϸ˵ºöȥãٰ

ҶϷ밲ʱϷһֱ̾
ĸĪż᲻£ѵӦûõġҶ

һԵ治˵ϷֻӣҪȢǮϣͲͬ⣬һ̼֮Ĺ̫ˡ
ӷҪȢǮϣ˾ʳû취ŴӲǵӣɿͬ⡣
Ī

Ҷ̾һܺòãֻ£ˡ
ҲԼϷȻϲӣϾԼҹ⣬˵ߣһ붮£Ҳġһʱ䣬ǸѩЩǮˣ˴¡

Ǯϸѹͱ򣬻һ𷣹򣬱ඪˡ
뵽ӵ¾ôˣڵûаѽѩԶ
ٺҲûˣȻܴ󣬿ǵѴ˳ȥպ˵ź£ǲܹˡ

ҶϷǶʱĺá
ֺɫУ˵ŹŮһŮӶ䲻ϡ˭ףǺ˶Էһ
Ե͵Ǳ֮ǰǿռĳ




76.   76    ±8

һϲҳ, ڶͷʱϲɫظ˵һź¡
Ϸ˵ο١˵˵ȥ, Ǵ󷿳ҪһӶгϢãϷ˻ô, Ҳ֪˶ǰƽ

Ǯ϶˻ɼҵĻ, ֲͷȥ˵, ֻܰĿŵŮĻϡ
ͬһĸ, ãѩӨҲ˵㡣
Ǯϴ, ûк, ŪҲ

Ϸûܶ, ¶󣬾һһŰҶ
󣬾ǵˣϷʹ󲻰, ǴҶ㡣

ȵҶϷҲ, ֪ĸᡣ
Ҷϱȥߣ˾һʱദ, ˵ѾȻ

һƬ, ָǰ, ˵, ǰи滹ɣģ
䴫˵ҶǳЦ

䴫˵ž, űǼٵģǻŲףһô˵ô˵ʱѾߵߣ峺ĺˮ̾ĺȻ峺ȴĴȥĺȺɽ㶼ǳ
Ϸ˵㰮㣬֣ܶءýܵ

ҶϽܵʶЦ㵹ǻ䡣
ģϵҪǲţԸȥ棬᲻뿪

ҶЦ£ȴ·ͦ
˳źߣĿԶӣҼ޸㣬Դƶʣ檣ô죿

ʲôô죿Һʱ˵ҪˣǰһԾҶվţ˿ɲǾĸŴ壬ʲôǣǴ඼ûСÿ껹ɽԳСȥˣϾͻף񾩳Сһ

Ҷͷƹϣǵǲ
˵꣬Ϳ治Զվˡ

ҲӺѺͿüͷǵӣϵǲ

ͤӺѺͿ˵ЦֱӿҶϲ߹ϵЦûˡ

ӵĿҶ߽һ㡣
Ҷȥĸǰɡ
ϵͷ˵ãǸתѺͿͳסҶ

λɡѺͿԲ󣬷ɫ΢Щ۴̣ʹŨױҲס´ҶۣһҲԭΪǸ˫ˣԭֻƽƽ

ϸЦ£˵ɫƽƽ
Цݲã󷽵һۣ˵òһ㣬۾ϹҪ˵ã۾ϹˣԸ÷ͷѲɾͰѷͷÿ

֪˭𣿡ѺͿָʡ
֪ż²Ȣøϲ
ѺͿô󣬻ͷһرۿҪˣȴɸ㿪ίغͱϵӣ۸ң

ҲѺͿϹˣڶףǲѺͿ˵²̨
Ӹ죬ϾҶˡ

ѺͿöţӻҶӰӣڿʲô
ӱһѺ׺ģ뵽Ҷų˵ӣԽڴӦѺ͵¡ѶںҲûãֻ²ۡ

Ҷ뿪󿴲ˣͣµǸѺͿԺпˡ
Ҷͷ˵ǣ뵽踺أ黹á
˵Цȥȼĸ󣬱Ҫǻظ

ȥϣϷһֱû˵
ȵҺϷҶһߣҶ֪ĸлҪ˵

ȽӣϷ˾ֻҶһ

ദЩʱˣôԸ޸𣿡ϷһؿҶҪ޼ãɽ·Զһ˼ȥʲôÿԼ
˵ϷЩʣʮǸ٣ҶԶޣҲ֪ûл

Ҷ˼ȥջǵͷ
ϷΪĻٲģϲõѡҲ˼
˵ϲأоλⱲҲҪƴҵԺֵүϽĵĸá

Ϸ˵ûҶͷСദˮɵ顣
ȻԸ⣬Ǿ뿪ǰ¸ϷסҶֵҺ˵ˣʹ¶ˣҲҪٳޡһڼٹ꣬ҲҪ֪ңһһصûһЩʱ䡣Ӧöｻʱ򡣡

ҶܶϷһ꣬Ҳͦ⡣
ңҲûôżס

ȥϢ޼Ͽʼ׵Ƹ
ϵ֪Ҷͬʱ˷ܵúüû˯ţʽǰһϷ˸ƣź˯
һ磬Ϸ˾ϡ

Ϻ˾ƣͷЩۣ˵ף˾
Ȳصĸĵһۣʺʱ

ＱӣֲšϷЦ֪ҪˣڼеŰɡ
ʧΪβȥ
ȥʲôϷ˰һۣĸ֮ý֮ԡȻҪףȻȥ˵ףͰڼдšҶͬˣʲô¡

ϱڼУĸıӰĸǹ
ʱܾ

ϵĽţҶǺƽ
˶ڴֻ󣬱һֱš

ƶȲʣôŶأ

Ϊ֪Ѿˣ߸ĳգŻŰɡҶЦ
˵ʱѾ߼ܽ˵޼ˡ

޼оλţϷѴϱҲˣȴûкǮϡ
Ǯϱ֪ҶҪԱȣޱȵزʡϷ˶ͬĻ£ֲҶ˵Ů鲻ãȥŮɵȥʱȴŮڼҡһ֮£֪Ůȥˡ

ѩӨᣬһƧĲС
ȥЩ꣬ӾΪϲӣÿӹʱѩӨȥ
ʱˣҲ˵һЩҵ¡

ǰӹϵãʹҵһЩҲԣˣǲмͱ˵ӡ
ѩӨƽԶǰΪһԱìܣ˽бԷȻû˵ôѩӨ˺أǼҹԱ֪ĹԱȲܵ٣ѩӨһֱ¡
ͶԷ˵ƽԶġ
ʵ֪ƽԶҵһЩ£ֻӵĵλ࣬Ǿƥˡ

Ӳһʱÿ޼׵˳ȥѩӨᣬᲢû˼ȥҶ¡
ҪҵùˣѺͿܲܶӲ벻

ѩӨԺʱÿҶ
һΣͷҲصˡ

Ҷ˵Щ棬ѩӨ϶Ҫ䳰ȷ䡣
ҲѩӨ£¶󣬾Ҫʼ׼µȡ




77.   77    ±9

Ҷһ, в˶˵ˣͬģ˳˵Ҷñ¡

ҵ֪Ϣʱ, Ͼûסյžһء
ӽ̲ס, 㿴, ҪŮ, תͷʸ֦ȥˡ

ޱ, ĸףҶȢ, ˵ЩΪʲôأ

ױܺ, ϾͲͶӵĹϵ, ζ̵Ҷϡ
Ϊβ˵񾩳˿ɶ˵£㵹ǻѺͿ£ȿ, Ҫ׵ˣǸ꾫

ĸ, ѺͿ𣿡㶵ؿĸס
ǵȻѺͿĸǳ, ׹һƷ, ڳжеλˡǺѺͿ, ǼұضЯ㡣

Ǽ, Ҳλ˳αࣿһֱڳ˼ͻȻúܶ¶û, ĸĸ׷ҪȥûҺѺͿ׺ϲʣ

ӣ˵̬𣿡𣬡Ϊһ磬ȥףȴôߡ粻Ը޸檣ֲҺ㸸ײţ˵Щ𣿡
һϾúģֲͶӵĹϵѣɻһЩӣǺţȢһûĹﵱĸǻᱻȫЦġпǶ֪ɴҶôģ˿Ϊ˼ͣΪʲô㲻أ
һҪƢûƢԣҪû£ױһ㣬Һôȥأ

԰Ǻӡ
ҡͷЦԭҶˡ

ӳӣȽ׷ȥʱѾӰ
ħϷ߷ߵһ꾫ѣʲôõġҾͲˣܻкڵһգȢôӽţ󻹲ðѼ͵췭ظ

ӵԹޣ˽϶ҶĲϵҶ
֮ĳˣҪ˵ʶ˸꾫ϱ

ûܵȵڵʱ򣬶ȵ϶ҵĽ
ƽԶʱ򣬽ϻںͼλ˴ַɫԣŴҴҽ
˵϶ƽԶľλƷʱһ˲䣬ĵأ춼ˡ

ƽԶô£Ȼھﴫ÷з
Ҷ˵ʱѾǵڶ졣

ϷغҶ쿪ۣǷŰ裬һ˶ûСӽʱҾ;ƽԶѾû뵽Ӧ졣
ҶҲˬ⡣

λĹְ˾˶磬ʮӶʮϷ³죬˵׼һЩƲˣú

գҶǺʹģǳȥˡ
˵ôЩˣҲ⡣

Ƶ֪Ϣʱֱкá
ҶƸˣҲˡ

ý鲻ѩӨѺͿȥףȥĸ׵·ϣ·ҶԺӣ̲סһۣ˵ӱ׵£Ƕ׵ˣô˲̫ðɣ

ˣҵĸ˺⹫ʲôϵء
ҶЦӯӯصɱ𺰴ˣӣѾûоλˡҿ㵹ǺܸˣҪȥҶĸȥף

ѩӨ£ϵЦûˣҵ²Ҫܣ㻹ǹܺԼɣ֮أ޸үҲûãοǸδɵĻСӡÿɱ̫⣬ָдŻҿʱ򡣡
ҿţ˭ܹøá

ҶǾĿԴ

ѩӨϲزסЦʱҶͲµѩӨС˼ǰʲңڵǰˣϸŵĻ£Ȳ˵ǮϷ򸾻᲻ӦĸмѩӨء
ҶѩӨһֺƣϡá
ڿѩӨߣѩӨ˾˼

ȷߺ󣬻ĵ˵ǲħˣʱ˶Ҷ֮ôϸȥأ
˳ǰɡҶ
ɼʹԸ⣬ϷҲԲͬġƿ϶

ʵϣϷȷʵԡ
ѩӨȰǮϣײԸٹ£ͲϷɿˡ
ϷȴԸ⡣

һˣҶϷ
ɫѺڣϷ˲յǮĸŮߣѩӨҪ޸ӣǵˣ
ʲôãϽҪҸһ𣿡

ѩӨͷĸҴʲô£һֻҪһͺáҲ𣿴Сƫ磬ôҵĻ£أ
ѩӨǮæͣôϷ˵Ϸ˵Ǹ
ѩӨȴҧڣֻʵؿϷˡ

Ϸ˿ѩӨӣоϱһʲô£ŻѩӨβˣ
ĸŮһʸţȴԼＸأŵԣǰ֪ҾԲῴǼң˼ȴ㣬ΪҪأ
һӵˣһ㲻𣿡

ѩӨȴ򴽲˵ô࣬Ϊܼ޸ӡ
ֻҪܼ޸ӣٲڡ

Ҷĸڴæ˲ĸָʲôء

Ͽȥӻʲô飬һԸĳİˡ
תͷϷˣĸףȻѩӨ˳飬õȥ԰ɣǺǻǽģǺαصˡŲüޣָʲôԹޡ
ңҲһͬ⡣

Ϸ˳̾ѩӨı飬ڵͲǮϽšͬﱲ󷿵ļŮƷܶû˵ȴ޲ûﱲ
ˣҪޣҲšϷ˳ǾܾͲ£ȻԸȥӣҲȥۡУʹͬˣԺҲˣҶˡ

Ϸ˶ԶģǷİٶĶûá
ҶһĬĬˮӣ˵һͺãҪٶ˵ȻԵĻء

ȥպǮϲȥס
ҹȥļůͻȻϵ䣬˭᲻Ͼ
رӣ׺󣬸ǹڷơ᲻ѺͿֻǾŪˣûȥˣŰ

˵ǮʱΪ⡣
ȻϲѩӨʱ򣬼үΪεԩҪţܴҲֻ˵ȥʶӵ˼

˵Ǯףеľƿҡ£ڵϣնصĸ׾úþУû

Ͽս۲ѣӣҲˣҪǲԸ⣬ҾȥؾǮϡĲѧȡ󣬿϶ҡĸˣٺȾˣ𣿡

ûеͷҲûҡͷһϣݶķûϲŭصǾͱˣɡ

ǮϵõһӦʱ֪ԸȢŮһʱ䣬֪ϲǡ
ȥϢŮ˵ʱѩӨŹЦ

Ϸͬ£ΪΣô綨ף˵Ҫ£ҵķͷȥ˵ΪѩӨĻ£۵ҡ
ԴˣѩӨǮ϶û

ѩӨȻӴӦˣǾǿ϶ٸı䡣
ҴǰǮƱ֮⡣

ҶԺѩӨԺӺܽӳʱѩӨ˵ЦѩӨݳ飬ˣ

ʱҲ˸ûӡ
֮ǰҶһھ޵ȫ͸Ҷ

ͤš
ȥҪټ档ΪףϷЩ˼һᶨڸдţҪǵÿ
ҶǳǳЦҲǣҪǵÿҵĻš




78.   78    ±10

޼һ, ҶٳŲμᡣ
ڼ׼ױȥĸǰ˵졣
ӵҲƽ͡

żѩӨǺ䣬˵Ҷ, Ҳֲô
Ҷ뵽ѩӨҪ޸ӣûٳ֡

˵ʮӶʮ, ǰʱ, ҵŶ, ԴǮȥ׺, 㳣š
ֻҪţҶѡڴԼԺӲȥ
Ҳʱ

һҶ׼ȥĸͻʱ, ·ů, һ˵ǮϺͽϡ
ů, ǮȺסҶҶ˸кߣȴǮϸȥ
ů, Ҷʰ

۾ɨҶһ, ղﵹǴ, ɫ
Ҳ, , ǵĶϱ, ðɡҶǳЦ

Ҷһ仰ý˵
Ǽҵ䣬ҲԸڲҪӦ, Ҫֳܸ˵ӣϾǮϾڱϡ

ȷʵˡϵͷӦø˲ǣܼһ˻û
ҶŽϵĻȢұĺöϱҲǱûеתͷǮϣǮɫãЦŵĸҲǻϲİɣ⹫ӲŻ磬ָĸڵء

ҾͲλ˵ĸȥͻأġҶЦеӣֱ˳ů󣬲ϵЦݡ
յ¥£˾ʲô⡣

һĹžطϣΪԺ֮ô⻹ûžţﻹң
Ǯϸ͵ԺھͿҡϷ˾ǸõģĸαһţЩϱҶ໰ûиȥǰ֮ҲĿԡ
˵öԣӱضѹϿ϶صͷ

Ҷò룬ܲµϺǮϲ˵û˵ʲô
ӺòãÿԼô

˳ʱڲ廨

ãҵĻΣϵ
ǺÿҶЦĸͻ
תͷӹ̾Ļ治úãλһϲ

Ҷ£Ѿϲ裬һѾС
ϴ򿪽У챦ʯڣЦŰҶǰⶥڣıױķݶѾȥϸ˽¸㣬ѩӨûеġ

̫ˣ......Ҷܾͱϴϡ
ϵҪܾҵһ⡣Ҽ޹ʱĸ׻һСǿɰʱָҵĽ˵ÿǻҾ͸ҪڸáҵģԶޣױһЩҲżվסš
϶ҶӡһֱԣƯ͵ӲǡǰŮûгǰ˽¶˵ҶǸġҶ˸Ĺޣ˵ղر׽ʱ˳ˮ飬ָлֵʱ
ڶѩӨϾһᱻ٣ضֻͶԶԶġ

ǾͶлĸˡҶм

ÿϾϲɶµĹ壬һֱֳ̼Ǯ˵ϻҶϷüá
Ҷ˵һỰԺӡ

ȥʱҶƿǮϴů
û뵽Ϊƿͤ˵ӺѩӨ
òݲ٣΢΢ݣû֮ǰУɫĺ硣

ѩӨĿһֱͣϣӸ磬׼һЩ𻨸⣬ҪҪȥӸ磬ڿ......
û˵꣬ѩӨͿԶ߹Ҷ

ӻʱ򣬿ѩӨȥҲûôˣǾ¡
ѩӨ˰죬ûӵһ仰ֻԸתȥӣӸ磬ǲǻϲأ
ŨüšΪλʣ

ѩӨӱ鲻ͷֱ˵ǵӸ磬ȥȥɡһģƾĲŻպضܷ
ˡûֳҪ˼ʱˣҸûȥˣúϢ

ѩӨӵıӰǻԹȴֲ׷ȥ
ȿӺȥҶ
սԺӣʹ󺰣磬㷽ǲǹģ

Ҷڿ飬ѩӨһŭ𣬲Եس㣬˵ʲôأ

㣬ǲ֪ҺӸͤԹȥ߸Ӹ翴
ѩӨ뵽Ӷ䵭ӣ޲ðҶ˺ãûĸ˻

ˣֻǡøĸͻ·㲻ţȥʴĸҶͷɹ㣬⹫ӣžǰȥ˵ǱӶ㿪治Ҫˣһʲô

ô˵Ļ
Ҷ˵ӣѩӨȥһҶеȣҶ˵ڵء

ȻܿѩӨҶǱѩӨһ¡
ֵôˣ˶Ϸ˸ǰ

ǮϽʱҶձ߱еץۣĶᵽɤۣΡΡصĸס

ĸףҿɲŮĶϱϷ꣬Ǯŵͨ£ˣ˶룬Ҫ˵ƫ̻˵˵ô¡

ѩӨ֪첻ϵ
ҶػΪȥҴĸʱůˣʱ·⹫ӡűӣæҴ뿪ȴ׷Ժӣĵ˵ǹȥ⹫ӡ
ģǰҺжұ֮ȻҲ㿪ˣλȥ⹫ӵעء

Ҷһ˵˶ԭί
ȿڣؿѩӨѩӨݲˣˣҪҵ棿

......ûУѩӨƱ˵⹫ӣҲֵġ

⻰һǮ϶
ϷֱӳӲѲҪ˵ϲ⣿

ĸ⹫籦ǲ˲ϲļ뻤⹫ӣûʲô£ҪȻ˰ɡҲ鼱֮²Ż嶯Ҷʡ

Ű裬̫ʧˣϷߵָѩӨãʱ򻹰˵Ͳܶѧһô
תͷȥǮϣҿҲõˣŮôӣ㶨ף޹ȥҲʡڼ۸ˡȥ˵ף׾ͳףʡڼжۣ
֮ǰٳ͹Ժ˼

Ϸ˲ԸټѩӨǮϰ˴ߡ

Ǯ֪ϷƢϷŮͽﵱãæȥŮ
ŮҪ˵æסŮ졣

ǮĸŮߺ󣬳ҶúӣˡѩӨҲǣôƫƫץҿôˣ
ûʲôµġҶƽֻǺǳһӦùͺáлĸġ




79.   79    ±11

ûѩӨĴ, Ҷӹ÷ɿ졣
ѩӨĻҲÿ죬Ͷʮ³ϷֻʡĵŮˡ

ѩӨ, Ϸֻ¶˸棬ͻȥˡ
ҶҲûȥǰͷμӣ˶֪Һ, ʱȥ, ֻ˿Ц

, һ, ӡ
Ҷһ, ȷǶ, ҿӵٳԡ

ϵּʲ, һǲϲˣŻдּ
ݺܶ࣬絽¶дˣʮֽ
, ƷŶӣʾ͸ҶԵġ

ź, Ҷ˸ӣ, Ӻ, һ¨, ȥĸ

ҶϷʱ, Ϸ̾ǰ־˵Ϸ鲻̫á
Ƚȥ, ӸϷ˳ԣĸôϲ£ԸҲԼġͲö

Ϸ˸̾ôܲء
Ů̲סġϷǹˣϷۣ˲ź׽иһգָҪޡԼǸûģ޸ˣӲܺù
ЩúŮ˵ˣж︣Լѡ·Ըеɡ

Ϸ˳˿ӣİɣ
Ҷͷ˵ǡ

ˣûʲôϽģãΪ̫ϽҲǺ¡Ϸ˵ֻһĶֵأӲ
ҶҲ룬žλӣҪʲôҲʲôûҪȥһЩԼĶ

ҶϷһֱߵıɢȥŻݡ

ͬʱң֡
ӵҪţ϶ҵ̬ԣصģֻһЩݣ֮١

ѩӨӽ𣬾
ֽ߬ӣĶҪ漴С˵˵ƺ˸

ȺͷƿѩӨ㿴ӣС˰ӷڴϣ˳ȥ
ѩӨæšʪӣӲѾ˯죬ôڶûзӦ

ҹٯٯ۵ʱ
һѣѩӨֻæǰæź꣬æѡ

һѩӨû˯š
ѾŵʱѩӨȻͷۣȴҶൢ顣
Ʊϵӣﾴˡ

ᣬͷѣ죬ѩӨԼȥɣһᡣ
£ôֻһأѩӨˣȰȥ裬˯òã

ᷳס䣬ͷ
ƾѩӨôȰûá

ѩӨʱ̫ãֻԼȥ衣

ϵ˺һͲͷѩӨһʱɫԲֺ岻˷ѩӨҴӦţǲǴˣ
ѩӨ£ίȴֻ̫ˣѺ󣬱
һ㣬ȢţϣӣȰ;ɲҪʧŶ

ѩӨҲġ
ֻҪ޹֮ǰⶼڲϲԺ󻹲ϲжӣվüġ

ʵϣѩӨЩ̫á
ǰ˾ͺȾƣ˱˯ԸȳһˣҪ˵Բ

ǻʱҶҲܿˡ
۲Ϊ뿴ˣûҪȥ
Ҫ֪ʲôҲ

Ӵһţү󣬵˸һɫûи
ǮϴΣҲȴŮֻ㡣

ȵǮϵ֪ŮûԲʮֺڴӦŻ£ľѳۣڶ
˵ֱӰӴһ١

һʱƣڵϣûС
Ǳ̧ң˵߹Ƕˡ

ƻ˵ЩʱãǶжĥүһΣǲʮ£²
ҲӦȢ˼ҵĹȴúöԴҶ뵽ֽӾߣеܲһĴ˵ǽӶܴ졣

ЦŵͷһڶˬôһҸˡүͲϲҳۣôһָҪô

Լѡ·ҲҪҧšҶ
ִӣѩӨҵӻ΢һ㣬ɶ֣ϻҡ

ʵҲҶһӱ̧ؼҺ󣬽ϳҡ
ǮϱͱһӻȻֲ֪ԣ˵Ů⣬ͺͽ˺

Ϸ˲Ը£óϳ֡
ᷳһҵƷУҲҵۣϻˣŭһҰ
ǱĽϺǮϣһؿʼ䣬ᵽزϼӴ

ȿǮϣʼ͸һƴѩӨ˵ĲԼϣǾǲˡ£˭ǵ档Ȼ˻£ʲôȥȴҪˡ
ˡϵĸҲȽϵĸҲԽϣҲֱͦ壬޷ѶƶֵϱܡѩӨ޹ȥ֮ǰӾͳʱƣԼȰ˶ӣָһϱ

һӱŵĻ˵ˣһ£ִ˲ԣǻȥүǸҲϲҩ֮Ҳ˼
ү£ԸĶӣԸȥ̰ɡ¼ȻˣûĵȻҵóȫǵЦҲ˼ס´ȥ˿ɲֻ˵ңʱү´ǰǻû˰ɡ

˵ⷬͽ뿪
ȻвʣȴҲֻܾˣΪ˶ӵǰֻ̣

ȽߺǮϿųϣѿڣɩôһ֣ѩӨңô

üã·ѩӨԼѡģĸ˵ˣȻҪ޸ӣĿҲôȥΪŮãվͲ÷ݶӴˡȻҲˣȻҲҪе
̾һ̲סһ䣬ã޽Ҳжʮ꣬һԶŮҲ꣬Ȱһ䣬֮ǰĹأỹǶѧһѧϷѾʧٸ鷳Ҳˡ

Ϸ廹һʱֲ˼ҡ
ϲ뱻ֻۣ˵ĵĻϣǮȥĻȻҲҪܿࡣ

Ǯ㶿ų뿪ϵİʾˡҪޣҲǿԵġ
ݣ͵·һ
ǮǱַŻȥһֱųϵЩһϣֽʣȥҡ
˵ŮģǮŮԸĺҲҪȽϺá

Ҷ˵Ǯֻȥţûȥ̽ʱ֪ǮȥϵĻˡ
һ͵Ϸ밲ϷΪ£ɫ̫ãź÷

ȳºϷ̾ϣܶ࣬׷Ŀࡣ
ϸŸ͵òǸ̫ģӦס

֮һֱϦҶûѩӨҲ˵ѩӨϢүźҲ͵

ϦҪ׼ӭȢϱջԾ
ҶҪޣ̧ҶҶѧܼҲ¡
Ҷÿոųϰ£ҪšżȻһΣͳѾȥׯȡʱͻȻֺġ
ƿľ⿴ӺݣһҾ¥Сϵϡ

ʲô⣬ûǮʲôơСһ
ڽֵϣؾֱС˹ˣĵش뿪

Ҳע⵽ӣһƲϣԱǰԸˡ




80.   80    ±12

Ҷľ, ţ˴ȥ, ˸ھǣ´Ӻ⹫һԴŽɡ

Ѿ˲ϻ, 

ϱ۵, ˼, ӷ, СֱߡѩӨӣǺܲù
Ҷ̾, 治֪㵱ΪƫҪ޸⹫, аһ
Ľ, ףûȴѡϵѩӨĳ飬κλһý㿴, ˾͵ʶȤһ㣬ȥԼĶ, ȻԸۣߵҲۡ

Ҷͷ˵ǡ
ص, , ŷ˵, ҶȥϷǶһˡ

Ҷ, Ҷ.ʱ򣬾ͱϷ˽ˡ
ûֵܣֻһ, ôЩ꣬ţȴûټÿϵҲ˵ӶѶ࣬ҶһҪúңûҶ
ϵķʼǸıߣȴûʲôµˣû꣬ǮТ˾˾ˣֻưͳԻڹٳô꣬һֱǸƷ

ҶϷǶʱûţһ
룬֪λ߶Ĺĸ

ݺȺϷʰٺбŵĹĸʰ
Ƥƫڣǳ߶ɹġȻˣɷǸûӵģеǮᱻƭߣֻԸ뷨ŪǮ

Ϸ˲ϲϣҶĹĸֻһֱ
ĸ޵ģѵһΣ˼ң׺˺㲻ϲҲ΢Ц˵

ҶӦ˵ãϳš

ϷǶۣճӣŤӵĸҲ߯ˣҲǺȲһ㣬˵һ㣬Ҫҡ
û֮ǰҲǴ˼ҵС㣬Źعӡɺˣʵ̫ѣʲôغڣȲҪ
ûǮھƨ

ҶĸǸųĵŮеľڡҲΪأڣĸŻϲҡĸޣضҲ뿴Һõģ԰ɣ

ͷ˵ǣȷʵöֺϷˣ˵޵ʮױģļױ϶ٲˡ
ĸԡҶҿһۣæס졣

صӺȥϵ衣
ҶûĹĸûκθ飬š

ϴӸսݣ;̾Ҷİ裬̾Ҽ޸øʱǼʼҲɣκŪˡ
ˣ˵ˣǹȥ顣
ãһֱܼȥĸΪеˡ

˵ͳһӰһҸ׼ޣĸ׼ģȻȲĸģǸöûа²ء

ԵѺۣɫҲ֣˵һӣǶӶˡ
ҶϸĶ󲻹أޣ׼رܡֻһڣ˳Ϊ˴

ѾߵҶױ̨ǰ־һ֧ӣֵʮӣûҶɲԣ͸ԼϣӣϺÿ

ҶЦ߹ȥȷʵÿĸʣʲôÿ
һԿżĸԲףصģβ࣬ҪΣ̫һЩ

ųʲôҶ߳ȥԸƬ̣˼δ
Ҷ±ҶҶ£Լ׼Ҷϣʮ꣬͸ãиˣɲҪ˹ĸ

ҶͷЦȻᡣ

Ҷ÷ԱϼŰβҪȥϢ
ҶҲûȥϢٻصױ̨һΣ

ƿֱż̫̫һˣô࣬Ըô죿
ˣҲһġҶ㲻Ҫż͵ôΣ϶ûҪ뿪˺ŷ˵һ˵ҹĸһ˲ף᲻ôȥŷһҪ
ܰδߣǲǱ¡

ϣ͵Σðž⡣
ѾûôÿΣǸֶŮԸų֪͵ˣҲûš
ѾˣһˣҹζࡣҲھǣȥͰαˡЩ˵ӡ
ǮܸȢޣԸҲһ㣬ΪǮ
ǸӣͱҶˡ

ϵΣ϶᲻˯治һˡֶ֪Ůҹôã͸
ǰֶֻŮ£ӿ϶һ㡣ֱ˵ֶŮҪȥŹһԣû뵽ջ

ϰþ·ãڰصʵʵ
һϣ϶Ű˯

컹ûϾʹŰ뿪
Ҫȥʱȴŷ

ŷҶĴҪסϣ̫̫⽻뿪ò׼һΣھǶ졣
͵һΣҪ뿪üֲסԶû֮ǰл档λСÿҼŻؼҿء
ŷȴЦûÿ̫̫Ϊѣ˵Ҫ϶᲻ߡҪߣҲСȥͱ˵һҲˣ̫̫ؼҲһʱᣬ˵ǲǣ

Ͼҹζ࣬Ҷϴûô࣬͵ˡ
ѽô˻˵ҪؼҾҪؼңֲʲôôʲôÿ
һ˵һȥŷԼûվȣˤˤڵϺ󣬰ˤڵϣ¶һ֧ӡ

ŷǸɫģϼҪ뿪ŲƥӣԾ
װæȴ˰˺üεϡ

ʱƴҴҸ
̫̫ūûôˣءһ˵һ߹߽󣬿ϵΣһⲻǹô̫̫ôżҪߣѵΪ͵˹Σ

ϼ鱻𴩣ϣϹ˵ʲôⶼֶŮ͸ҵģǱ¡
ϵΣȴһ

ū澼ǵãﲢû˵ЩΡƳ̫̫ǲǹ͵ģū澻ȥһ˾֪ˡ

һȥɱƸ˼ƻݺݵشһ⡣

ʱҵĹܼҾжô£ŷæ˵˿ġ
ܼҵˣ˹ܼңָˣҲеƵպˣü»˵ȽϺãȻ˹̫̫ͲˣһȥϷˡԩ˹̫̫Сһ̫̫壬ܲù̫̫õ뿪

ҪֵϷ˸ǰ뵽Ϸ˷Ǹˣ·󱨹٣ҪΣˣһܼңƾʲôҵ£Һôףһ˶˵Ҳ±Ц𣿡

Ҷʱ˵仰
ϵİӡȥЦݣ˹ȥʣĸ˵ΪҸˣԭֻ͵ұܿҵ𣿡




81.   81    ±13

Ҷ޵ӭ, ˿ž;ۡ

߾񣬺ȥϷǶҶߵ, ĸֻһʱͿʵǼҲ, Ż᷸Ϳֹĸò, ĸϲ, ĸһֶŮ, ϶뿴õİ

ǲΪãҶƵġ
ô, һӰ, ֲסʮǧԶ֮ǰֶŮ, ĹĸҪҲա

ϱϾĸô˿, ̫ˣá
Ҷϵ, ϣҡҡͷ, ĸ, ޸, ûȥɡ͵˶, ȥ٣ϾҹĸЩζǵǼڲ, ұģҲû취Ӽˡ
ҶᣬĸذɣȻٵ飬ĸߴĸͲˡ

᲻ЩΣǾô뿪ǰһˣĶӿɵҪǮȥȢޣԥؿҶιĸ㣬ɲԸĸһЩӡǲ֪綼ʮüˣ˵˺üףҪˣκμ̫ĸòã
һũ˼ҵĹϿϡеҵ׵˼ңֲԸŮ޸ϵĶӣϾӶӶûϢӣ޹ȥָҪԶٿͷ

Ҷסû˵ȴ۽ǻ䡣
ܼ֪ҶǸӣִӼõһξͻΣſڵ̫̫ԸͷӶһãǻȥɣүôиһְٰ֣Ǵȥ˿Ц

ûõǮܹ鲻ƽ⣬ܼǰߣҪȥƣܼұϾˣܿ
۳ҪˤҶϣҶ뵽Ʊһƣ˵Ƶڵء
Ϻŵأ۵ðǣҪվʱȴӴغۡ

ҶȿڣѽĸôˤˣǶԲסҷû룬˹ʶ֡ðɣ

뵽ҶһҲСҪˣȴܼҺ˼СۿžҪæۣŷɢİǱˡ

Ҷ뿪ٺ͹ܼҵлղŶл˵Ҷûĸ֪ˡ
ˣ̫̫ˣǲҪ̫ΪáܼҲö˵ñĵ̫ã̲ס˵һ䣬Ȼ̫ױƭˡĹи

ϴ뿪Ϊʲôûõӵڴգ䳰ȷ
ͺͷһ٣һһõһ㣬˸ܾˡֵҪޣҳͣûޣֳûˡ

ϵ£ҶһҲġ
ûõôͣˣȻεҲẦ¡

תۼ䣬ȥҵԺӿ˸ֻ
ҶϷͤˮӴҴҸ˵ﲻ̫ˡ

Ϸ£еϡžصڵϣ˺һ̾ôأ
Ҷסĸ֣ıҲû뵽ѩӨ죬ϾǺͬˣҲʮǷ绪ïʱ

˵˵ﲡãֻʣһţ߶Ҫһ档
˶ûˣûҪټƽϣϷ˵ȥһˣҶң˵ձҪޣͲùȥ

ҶҲȥҡ
ĸĸĸߺźѡ·
Ƶͷ˵ǣǵӦҵ£Ѿǹٷˣλӿǵ˻ϵ

ͬʱңѩӨֻʣһšĸס֡
ӱһˮѣջѣ䣬ôأǰʱ仹úõģôأ

Ͽʧǣü˵ΪʲôҪҵϾҪˣǼָҪ˵ʲôȻ𳶺ȡǸûõĶϱֻҪȢһǡ

ϲԸֱӵ⡣
ʱ䣬СţһŶûмĻӳƣͷֲۡҳţ±ЦеԹйѩӨϡ
ͷءιҩųôಹҩѩӨӦͦã˭֪·ˤԽԽá

뵽˿쵽ﵽЩ飬ŷһֱſڣŵȲסվߡ

ݵѩӨֻʣһһֱŵĸ׹
ˣǳڡ
ӾһʯͷôŬûá
û޸֮ǰʲôãƷãģãѧʣڶˡ
ļ޸ӺŷӹһųܲһҶϣⷽ档
⼸µദѩӨӳʧκλ롣
ûϣҲûоһȥȻȻؾ
һˮû

ԺУѩӨ˯ֲ˯˯ȥҲĸס
Ŭ۾֪˶ãõҪŲסʱϤһ

ǮϿݲݵŮʹúѩӨôˣ
˵ŮɲôʱҲӦ˵

Ϸ˺ͳϿ۴ϵѩӨҡͷ̾سӣ˵ĻǮĸӡ

ĸףǡҶԲסѩӨĸס֣žһЩ¶ȣҲִֵҪ޽ңҴˣشˡ
ǮץסŮ֣ʵ˵Ů˵ˣǺڡһʼϣҲڰŮߡ

Ϸ˻ᣬһ仰ûͽ˵ʱ࣬ٽȥ
ѩӨĸǰѾˣֻغ˾䡰ĸԲסˡۡ

ǮϿŮûϢ޵øˡ

ߵĳ֪ô£Ҵߣȴڵ߬ȭͷһͣµһշްնүľǻû£ԸûйҲ͹ֲñ˴ǡ

㣡վɳѾȥˡ

ڵϣؿŵ棬ݵĿȴҽȥһۡ

ȥȢףûһʱ㿪ʼɥ£ߵ˿ҹᦣԽԽ˿ʼӡ
ѩӨҺҳ׶βϷ˿ĿڣǮԼ˵ģûүҲҪټ棬ͺá

ҶǮô˵ʱû⣬ǮȻ٣ôӣԶŮ۰ġǺѩӨ̫ͿҲ᲻òϵ

ѩӨ뿪ֻԶӰȽϴ󣬶˵̾죬㲻Ըٶˡ
Ϸһĸо˺ҵϵһ֮ǡ
ݰܿյɢˡ

ĩʱƸʽ͵ҡ
æ¶ϵ֣εƸһʮһ̧Ǵġ
Ȼ鷳ȴҲҶӡ

Ϸ˿Ƹ󣬺޼ҵ
¶Ҷеǰó׼ޣһľ䡣

ҾĸһŮĸ׳ʱҰѾõ޶ų档Ǹʱ棬ϧû꣬Щױҡ
ÿ˵ŵŮϷ˵жỨҪޣЩΣҪ㡣Щĸģһݡ

ҶϷóһƱҡͷ˵Ҫ

ͰţԸĹײıءϷ˵ΪԶޣҾͰ׼Ӷ۳ӣⰲš
˵ǾʶϾǲһ޹ȥ֮ٲӵĵط
Խ˵ϷԽ᲻ãܹҪޣӣĸѧĶҪǸ͵ˣѧһ㲻Կࡣ

ҶжҶˡҲҪúõģҵ˿Уؾǿ
Ϸ֪ɽ·ԶټĻᣬЦŵãĸŰֵҡ




82.   82    ±꣩

Ҷ, ļױˣһ޼ƸһϷ˰׼ġ
ԭΪҶûе, ױ϶࣬û뵽ȹĹ޶

ɴ绤ȥΪԶ, ϵĲǻ, 
֮ǰ, Ҷͣ, ƷųϷ˵ķͷ

Ϸ˱˸УҶ˹, ᲻ֹ
Ҷ, Ӱæ, ˣҪˡ
Ҷͷţˡ

Ӿȥ, Ҫϴʱ䣬ΪҶҪױ, ߵþ͸ǰһ, ſ쵽

֮ǰ, Ҷͣڳվ, ĳͶ, ôҶƣ
Ϣպ󣬵޼ӭգҶʽ
ַҶ, ױݶ֮ߵӭ׶Ҳˡ

Ҷϲǣ¥źͷֻܿµķ֮䣬е
ȿżСһӣЦˡ

һ·ӭ׶ǣҶ˻κȻʲôĵطֻš
ȵǣ֪ܵΧ۵ˡ
֮ǰáֱ˺ͷſЦúϲ£ӡ


ǰһͷһؼôŮӡ

ſΧŵˣ׷׾̾

ϲŶƣȸҶ˾Ʊӣ롣
䣬ſڵ˾͹ЦϲһԽͽҪһȵģ˲糺졣

꽻ƣϾҪȥͣȴ᲻ߣļѽȥһͷسȥ
ƣ޼ɹѾߣźҶԶʱҲ˵

˶үֻһӻֳ꣬⡣ֻүϣڻһҶ
һֱ̫壬͵Ҷ޹һ㣬Ѿ߶Ҷ顣

Ҷϲ˿ڼ򵥵ļͥʡȥܶ򽻵鷳
һֱȵˣϲС˷Ż
ҶΪòУһأֱЦˡ

ôݵɣЦеؿҶ
ҶЦ˳񡣡
ȺСӣĽиƯӣһظҹƣҲŲϵءϺһյ裬Ѳ٣ӯӯЦŵҶӳ£Ӻÿˡ

ҶͷζõˣҲϴšʪ
ϽӹָҶֱ紥һ㣬ɬջ֣뵽Ҷӡ

ϴȻһҲ޻ҡҷ

Ҷһȥү밲үų룬ͷף˵ʱº͡һֱڴף͵Ҷ޹Ҷʱ򣬰Լ˼ʮ͸Ҷ
ɫ֮ƷҶϲ

ûѲżˣȻϲ棬ȴӲ¡
Ҷ޵һ£Ҫѧܼæһ㣬ʱ䶼ڡ
˵һţŶԳţҪھһ˼ɡ

ףҶϲ
ү˵Ϣ˵ɶҲҶˣϸմڼС

ϦСطҶȥ
Ҷߵϲ£ֲǶص߲·СģǺʱܻصԺӡ
ܼ¶Ҫעģĸ˵ˣǰ¸ҪСġϱƵغӱߣҲѽ

ΣҶֻϡ
ϲԺϸš

Ҷͼȥǣ֪ϷϢ
ʱķҲϲϢϷ˫ϲţãҲɫá
յźϷ׼ֲƷҪע飬һдȥ

ҶյʱѾǶµס
ϻ˵һ£Ϊҹ޽ͷһȺƦǮƣˣһֻ
ϷдʱرƶܺȣÿֻŸܸΡ
ҶҲǱӦӳƣһջ¡ˣ̱һӣܡ

ҲΪ£ſҶ޵ӣԼĽָҡͱݣù
Ҳûã˽Ϻ󣬽ұǰ֥ùӵ¶ǳһ.ְŪûˡҲܣҲͼʱ䡣

Ҷ֪ұչʱٽ
µ׵ջЩȣҹ
СذҶ˱ӣŵһߵȥ˯Ҷ·ݴ˺˯þͲȣֻҪһͻϱ˯ϡ

մҶĶӾЩۡ
̫ԾæϣҡҶۡ

ϡͨӴˤæôˡ
Ҷʪˣ֪ҪæȥţҪˡ
ٴνŵˤܿվȥˡ

±ѾǶˮүҲˡ
ͷһصֱת

ϣתˣҲżתתȥŪͷΡ
ĸͣϵ

ȲסˣȥҲȥ˸ס
սݣӤĿڼһ߸˵صϲλСӡȵȡһ
ŰѺӵݸϵӣæͷȥֻһӺ󣬸æ

뿴ֵϱ֮ǰȷʵҶе󣬵û뵽˫̥

ҶԼҲû뵽Ŵ󣬴û˫̥һһû뵽ҪһΡ
ҧƴһᣬҶŰСŮ
һһŮ˸̥۵ÿһۺӣ˯ȥ

ϽʱҶ˯ţΪʲô£˳
˵Ҷֻ۵ģͣ˿ޡ

Ҷһ˯رһֱڶ
ۣͿſڴ˯ŵϡ
ڵϣһֱϷڱϡ

ƹСһϣôȰûãˣūȸ衣ǱﱧˣӰϢ

Ƹ˵꣬Ͼˡ
Ҷٴᣬӣˡ

Ҷ󣬲˵ˣ㶼ǵˡ
⻰ϸæᣬ԰ڵˡˣĸ˵Ϳ๦ߣԺ޼ҵĴˣԺҪĻ
ҶЦˣϵգȥ˰ѺǱ뿴ǡ

˻ᣬһģ
뱧һ͹ߵߵˣӶܿѾ˸ĸϢҲ˸ˡ

ӱŵҶıϣ˯з۵ĺӣҲ˼֡

֮ӣҶ޼Ҹе
ģҲû˻鷳ڡ

ӶСҶôźȥǡ
ֱ󣬺ˣҶŴźǻؾ̽ĸ

ϷյҶ֮նڵҶÿ춼ڳſڵš
ػ˵ˣϷȲߡ
ſʱҶҲõ

ǣסҶ֡
Ҷ¶棬һ̧ͷĸʱ֪ʪۿ
˱һϷ˿ҶһԶŮ۵Ŀɰæôҿȥ

ҶûҴ˾ˣĶӺĺһƲȥ˵ԽԽá
ϷҶ˵һĻû˵Ļ
Ϸ˿УҶҲ֪ǰЩӺ˴ˤȣ˵õĻ£ֻˣպ˵׸ˡϷѾ£˵ʱҲһ
ҶҲûʲôоֻ˵ӻţǸ̾һ䣬ţˡ

ǰϷ˸͵֮ǰźҳװ䣬Ҿһӡȥ̽˵ݵֻʣ¹ͷﶼŵζҲıӦˣű˻Ҫʹࡣ
˵ˣ˻úܡϷɫҶȥϢ

ҹҶЪʱɸ̾ĸ˵ĸЩ꾭߶ңܼôˡ
ϲţҶԺÿǶʱؾһˣҲûʲôæҲ֪Ǹˡ
㲻𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼᡣ§סҶӻؾ̽ףôءҲԽÿ̽׵Ļȥĵطߣ㲻ǺϲĴǣǸɢӣǮʱ䣬Ǿһȥߡ

ҶЦˣϵĻУ˵öԣǿĴȥɢӾá
ڣΪٶǣҲõûǮãӣȷʵ




83.   83    1

, ѡ
أ㲻Ҫ


Ҷûۣ͸ܵͷ, ۵ڶһֱޡ
ѵ۾ݲСŮſڴ߿

÷, æתһȲ, ֻо, ȴѾܰŸɺܶ, 裬Ⱥһ㡣
ֻ, , ۾ˮ

Ҷˮʱ, ǻʱеһۡ
뵽֮ǰľ飬޲ðѼ.ԭǸ˸ࡣ

һΣҶһĿУͽСޡ

νޣ
Ů, Ϊƻ޷ӣϹұ, ȴһֱܵԭдޡ

ޣʲô, дó۲飡Ҷˮ, ȥ, Ϊһ, ۵

ԭԭʮ꾭˽ܣʶɷ־
, սʱ־ԭ
ڶ꣬ԭŮ־ҲΪѧ¸ڣ㿪ʼơ
ȵڶŮ󣬺־ֱӰѶŮˣԭͬ⣬º־Ķ򣬻ǰŮ
Ӵ֮ԭ͹ϷǴ

־ûֵܣȴ㡣Ժμһֱԭӡ
ԭ֮ǰҲ͵͵һΪ־ȾƼ.Ҳûлй

ʹ಻ԵӣԭһֱܣԼûӰμҴڽӴԡ
һ߿Ůһ߻ҪŲ飬ాʮŮѧҵŹϺһӡ
־ΪȾз磬ȴǲ־չֳΰġź־

ˣŶԭǿϣԭ˶ӣŻẦԭһֱ
ýͷȥĲ̯ò˳ԣȴǮֳ̫飬Ϳʼڲ̯ǰ˶ӵķ
ԭҲһһܣȥ󣬻ѹӹһӱƭǮֽǮӡȰŮҪżңܹһˡ

Ҷԭʱ򣬱һӻ𣬺޲ȥ飬һˡ

ɶµŮһݵò۵ҧгݡ
ŮôˣϲŮ
μֲлλһ¸Լˣӣ±Ӷ룡

ҶǽΣǺ־ŻԭҪǮƣԭǮԭ󣬷䵹Ҷֳ
һסһͬĺԺǼӺһߡ
ĺԺһס˼ң˶ҶΪǶ־ʼʱԭȰԭ֧ԭǷİö֮ھӲȰˣҲԸٺǼ

ҶŮӡùá£Ҳ
ʱ÷ȴҡͷ裬ҲϢһҴȥȵˮͺá
ͷӣֻһ࣬ͶòСקֱۣæ˵

Ҷô£۵óԷҪԣǰһɡ
ŴվһȳһյشŮ

μ־¸ں֮󣬾ͿʼֺУ⿿ԭڲгǮš
Ψһĵǵƣи̨һѺú¯ӡ

Ҷ¯׷
ԭ˵ģ˵ǲȱÿζǳԿ컵ˣȥ֡
ֻһС޵ͣԭƽ˶᲻÷ţ˲ܷһ͡

ﲻô࣬÷Ҫѧ־飬ҪƺȣŻüýͰ͡
Ҷͳ͹ޣڹһͺ̵ðζô÷Ͷֱʿˮ

Ҷˣ׷Ҳòֵ࣬ңȹﲻðˣҶ÷װ
÷ó꣬æںãǰһֻܳһ࣬Ҷ׷ÿ˶װһ롣

Թ󣬴÷æϴ롣

ҶݰѴóͳʣʮǮ⻹¹£û־ҵ
ûĻҲŮ־ŮǶǺõģ־ò˶þͻᱻ־ŰǴŮͲȥϴ⡣

Ǿ÷չʱҶ֪ôչֻҪõúã˵ɺţסϴû⡣
˼ȥҶûȰѺ־ˡ
Ǿ飬μ֪᲻ŮضŮв
Ҷã־ˣӦõõҵıӦǣǼ򵥵顣

Ǯ²غãҶվھǰ϶࣬⣬Щ˶Ҫ־

ҶʰԼı죬ӿŮĴŮһ˯

ں󣬺־ػ
սţʹ죬࣬ҳϴţ

Ĵ÷ְֵסҶ֣裬㲻Ҫȥȥְֻġ
Ѿ˯ţҶб÷ж÷ͷԣ㲻Ҫ裬Ѿһˡ
÷˵Ĳһʲôǲ裬Ҫһȥˮ

Ҷ߳ʱᵽŵľƳζ
űߣ־ϣ÷ҲѾͷƬӣ˻˯ʲôأ

ҶŴ÷ȥܺ־ôߣȥ
ˮտҶѴ÷˨ϣȥѹ̵ˮ˳

տż±һ£һ迪ˮֱӳ־ȥ
·òֻбܿ־ͷɱһĲҽУͷˤڵϡ

ϵĽðѸڵھӶˡǱҶҵ£־Ľʵ̫£òЬӳ

ھӵĴ˵ҶſʱҶڵϣϥǺµһֱڿޣ־ڵϣѾˮݣһֱлۡ

סҶұߣĺԺģҲϺ־ˣҶɪɪܺ־ΣҶô¡

ҶΡΡس̣ҡ治ǹģ־ղŻؼңҪҰϴţҸնˮҪҡûˮ裬
˵ţҶԼĸ첲治̺ˣб࣬㿴Ҳ̵ˡôźð־ôɣ

迴ҶϵˣҲˣϣҶҲˣǿ־ʱһ㶼ۣá
ݿһֱںеĺ־Ʋ˵û£˼ˮݶѣûʲô£ֻҪץƣ̶ûСӣĮ챻۸Ҳ԰˵ǲСĵģǰһˮ־ͷϣҲᵱû
˵ǣˣ־ûɶµģͻá˵öԣԼӲһС

ļ˷׷׿ڣȰҶԺţǰͺҶ˵Ļ֮ǰҶȥ£ʵ̲ס˵

Ȼ¾ͺáҶվᣬղŲ˼Ӱ쵽ˡǵĻһµģԺһǰôˡ

͸Ӳһ㡣̾ΪӣҲӦú־Ѿƽˡ÷ͶԵӣȴݳ˭˲ۡ




84.   84    2

輸˵˼, ȥˡ

־ڵϣ˲پƣϺ, ȴԺز̫ѡ
ҶߺҲܺ־ʪʪϵû⡣һ, ú־˯ڵϡ

־ڡӴغ, Ҷ, ȥŮ˯ˡ
÷ְֻ., Сʣ, ְֻ᲻
, Ƥ, д¡ҶŮϴȻ־ϵĿ˯ˡ

컹ûҶ, ŮԷô÷Լȥѧ, ٴŶȥг
磬ܵǮԼ, ˵
־ڵϺ˯, ǲ̫, ˯š

Ҷг, ̯λ˶ˣЩˡ
̯λǸĴ㣬, չСǸǧķֶ㶯ˣ

Ҷͷһ߰ڷŲƷһߵֺȾˡ
һȾƾʹţ治Ҫ˵˺öˣ־ԲĵķԼһǮҪĥ㡣治ǽҪˣ㻹ᣬˣһչ¯ģҲȺ־ǿ÷˵ſпˣæȥкһ£ȿֹ㿴ˣ໹ô˿ˡΪ˺ӣҲ˰ɣ

÷Ȼ飬ģԭ̯˽÷Ӧ
󲿷˶һ˵飬ܶ˶ԭһ̣ߵûֻн÷βȰҶ顣

Ҷ̾һĿһԹԹŵĶϣҪһ뿪ףҪŮ
򴽶Խ÷Ц£㣬лл㰡Ըҡ
̯λţһĽãɶÿġýˡ÷Ҷü

䣬ηͣҶ̯λǰ
ӴĲ˵ǲСײˮģﰡǸϹҲһ룬ηԼòˣ̧ͷʱؿҶЦ־˰ɣҺ˵үǾҪţͷԵģҲ

Ҷη䣬һ㣬СײëһϹëһҳƳơ
һ̯λȫ꣬һҲĿǮҪ۵̯λûжǮμҼ޶ë͸ˡ
ǰԭ̣̲ˡ

ηҶҪǰסһˤСײˣ˵࣬ǲǵűˣ
ӶǺμû㣬㻹˼̸Ǯ

÷ȥæʲôˣݲݵģ㵱ǰϲƵ𣿡

Ǻμ˵һ˶ʲôη۵

Ҷ÷Ҫæס÷ɨΧ۹ˣ˵ǣ治СǼ˲£ȫǮӡ
˵ʱϵĶۿҿݲӣ׷׶֮ġ
ӣüˣáҾôһС̯λǿҴýѲӶװˣҵĺȴԲϡҶԽԽѹϻˣٿηţ˭۸һĿȻ

һĴ裬㿪ڿźη˵λýҲǵģûֶŮݵͷôô۸ϱ
԰ܵһ˲ɻȴһŮô࣬治֪ҵôġ˸͵
ҿ˳ɾǺƤռˣÿ첻ˣһʡ²ǮǿԼɫ󣬼϶Եúá
ǣ߯Ҫһ㡣


η˶ָģˤĲӣڵϴޣӴҵүҲˣǺ۸ˣһŸʲô
ҺʱεòˣżŹһΣôͺƤˣ

Ҷ廰㣬£ߴء
11ţ117Σȴ˵ż

ηҶشӵϵĲҶӾͳҶȥ
гĹԱڴүˡ

ʲôȫΧôˣڴүͼ𿴹г֪Ҷ£ηüô֣
ηټҵˣһίòᣬҡû֣Ǽѣ͵ýˡ

ˣôΣм㻹𣿡ڴү𴩺η̯ηңҿҲһ£̯λҳҾɡ

һҾ죬ηᣬүǼ£Ҿʲô㲻Ҫ°

Ҷʱ廰Ǵ㣬ҵҵˣλҵ̯λҳ
ʣµĲˣ˭

ңηתͷҶ
ٴҶ죬ǰ˵ʮ䣬ҶҲøһһ䡣

ڴү˵ֻŻһºηη̫ˣӲˣʲô񣬡Ҫ벻Ҳԣѻ˵Ĳ˶Ǯˣ¾ˡȻ֣Ҿ졣
Ҫ֪£죬ͬ¶֪쵼ܾͻ㡣

ηڴүһؿ뵽ûˣֻҧǮҶ
ҲǺҶȥҵܵܣõܵʰҶͲˣҶҺԣؼҺܺ͵ܵӲ
ȺΧŸʲô˻ؼ̳ܲģҲ֪һʲô

ηֵس˲гҶǮպãҪڴү˵ллڴүֹ̧
డǲгҪ˵ģЩһһѸ㡣ڴүüҺ˵Ҫǲ㶨ǣԺҲˡһأ¡

ڴү뿪ıӰҶ΢΢̧ü˲ڵȨ֮ƣҪӣȷʵһֱˡ
º˺ȶˣˡ

һߣηݵȥҺ־ûݣ־Ӵغ֡
Žȥϵĵܵܣնץˣôˡ

Ҳ֪ôˣϾˮݣ㣬Һ۰־ʱվȴȱˤˣűҲˮݣ벻ʲô
η۵۾ˣҵүôˮݣô㲻ܣǳӲ˰ѹֽҡ
־ĴҶ췢ʲô۵һۣӻܶ㣬ҷҵˮݱץúö࣬Ҳ˰ɣ

ηļȥ־ȴСѹ־ֱϵˮݣ۵ú־໽С
ò׷ܵܺæȥҽ֪˺󣬺־ȴ벻ô¡ҽҩѻҪη渶ΪμҵĳһǮûС
ܵͿҩ󣬺ηҪܵΪ־ۣι

ηһιһǸȻ㡣һˣ϶ˣȴܵûһȥˣ̵ĳǣһҪúʰ
ںηǱʶܵܵ˾ҶйϵΪҶҶԵܵܵӶǳջ

־ҲһӻԼ˯ڵϣð˲˵һˮݺͺס
ǸԸͲˬϻôˣҲ⣬ҶҪúýѵһ١

ηιܵܣָܵҹź˵Ĺ治ϲԼ׵ܵܣֻҧź
Ż·ּѵطŵܵȥϡ

˵־ǲ֪ҽ쾭̯ӣһ仰û˵Ϳ˵Ǻμ۸
ηܵܵµͷ˵ʲôǼȥռˣͱ˵㲻Ǯֲǲ빤ⲻ¸û취

־˵û³״˵ϣ׵ô࣬ƤˣӲ

Ҫһͷԣ
ηƲǺμһһֱ˺ããǡҾðҪȻˣʮģһģӲܸǺμҴڽӴ

־Ҳ˼˵飬е㲻ҡϾ￪֧ҶǮ

ηܵԥ飬Ѵ÷ţڴ÷ˣʲôܰæɡд÷ڣÿ¸ʮǮѣΪ˴÷϶Ը⡣
ǮȢӣѵȺǸɨǿ
ܲܣۿǺμҺ˰ɣ

⻰־Ķˡ
㣬һ롣Ƚѵһ˵

ηͷʱ䲻ˣ˵ҪȻؼ
ߺ󣬼ʣº־һˡ
־ʱ䣬쵽ˣҶӦҪˡ

ʵϣҶû
ȥѧУ˴÷һӲˣͣһĺԺſڣһŴŮ߽ȥ




85.   85    3

ԭѾû, ԭΪǾ䡰İ
ԭֻһ磬֪־򣬾ͳȥ˺־
μ˲ĵʱ, ԭȴøǸ
֮ɩɩͲøֻż˽½Ӽ, Ҳ١

Ҷ籾, ֪ʵ, ԭԼ̫, øɩɩġ
߽ĺԺͿɩɩӢɹ·

ӢҶʱ, һ, ΪûҶ, Ҷϻˣһʱ仹ϡ
ϳСӺǰû˵ʱ䣬濴Сϵ, ߹ɸֵصŸʲô, ݰ

ӢҶݺֱ, ҧС, ִˣ
Ҷͷû˵
÷ŵ, ĸ, Ұ־ƴˡ

ɥĺ־
Ӣؿڣںһˮôݵ, ǲˣ
ˣƫƫڵãô࣬б¾ͱ
۾ʼأקСҪߣӢֺ˵æ°ɣʲôֲǲ֪㲻Ҫüҳܡ

£Ӣһ춹ģֻҪСӻǸǿҲͳˡСӲǲϻҲͷŲ¡ĸ˽½ӼСӣҲ֪ûš
ǾãСǷɷһǸСӲҲ

ҶһŮ£ٺɩɩϹɩɩԲ֮ǰҴˡ

Ӣұӣ⻰󣬻ͷҶϹͷ˲ˣʲôǣôʲô£Ҹǵˮ
軹ûǵðϾԷɡ

Ҷ˵ô鷳ǹԭǸͻȥ

ȥʲôӢˣʱˣȥʲôҪңú£˵
Ӣˮӵؿֺۡ

ӢݣڼһֱҶûߡ
˰÷ѧҶҲˡ

ǳĺڳɻĿһ߼׳ݵʱ򿴵ãۿˣܳôĺ־
˵ţľҪȥ־

Ҷæȥס磬㲻ó嶯Ƕأ
ǵס˵ӣͣ¡

ӢҲŹʲôأһһ¾ͻܣҰΰںãƷɻͿ
һûԹȥΡ

÷ҪæҲе˾ˣҶ治ҿ˾ˡ
ŮԼҲڸղ̫һ㣬ȥСǿˡҶº˻ᣬŸҿں˾ˡ

Ӣˣ˼
ϲ˵ʱ򣬳¹Ҳӻ
Ů˻¹̲סˣڼﻹкڣֻǿסడôأ

裬ȳԷ˵Ҷ¹촽Ҳܡ

ΧŷºӢ÷ͶҼвˣһ˼һ弦ʲô;ԣû˻˵ǣҪǲԱĸҪ˵ġ

÷æͷ˵ãļ弦ȴг룬Ҫָԡ
ӢæסҲеģҲһ㣬ҪôŮۻҲ㡭˵ˣ԰ɡ

Ӣֻһӣ꿪ʼץƻץӢһֱҪŮȴûῴŮۡ

Ҷô÷Ŷȥҵĸ˵˳¹䡣
¹ץŮ֣ʵϻؼʱ㲻˵ô־ôôݵ֣

Ҷͷ̾裬Ҳãˡ
ᣬô˵Ļ¹Σָʲôˣ
ӣҪǮƺȣҲʹҡҶ裬ˣҲˣŲȥˡ

־ʼ¸һ꣬¹ȰŮһ̣˵һҵʵĹͻı䡣ǻᲢŮ飬Ͼ˵ȥʲô飬ڿŮС۵С

ӢС˵ȥһСӻһᣬ˵Ҫһ̵Ļ
˺ã־ַûţҪһΣɵӲɱӢ߷ߵɩ˵˶˵һһ׮顣־ˣ治䵱ɷҲ䵱˵

һԵͷϣɩɩ˵öԡ

ӣܲԸⶼҡҶΪѵ

뷨ӣܿԵġӢ־ԼôŮӦòҪӡȺᣬ˵飬ˡ

һ¹ҶȥҶס

ڼӰȵҹĳ־һֱûܵȵҶ
ֶáУҶ׷󣬼ﻹûԵĶ
ϻ۵մӴŲ£ʹӴˤϡ

࣡
־ŭûãҶھҲ

Ѿˣ־ȴڵϣղְֱ۸ˣôлû
ֶۣվûˤ໰
ٶ໰ҲûΪһϣ˵ҶŮҲû

һֱڶϣ־ٴαѣغû˻Ӧ
Ƚ״۵ͷ飬Ťײˡ

𣿡
־ƴȫһ

·ȴͷҲصشҴˡ
гҵҶ̯λ࣬ûȥ𣿡

ҴźӻˡҶС˸¶µñ顣
ˣ֪ô£˵־ôҹԭ㲻ڡ㲻ҲãԵͷ֪㲻жѡҳһŴײˣҽӳԡ

Ҷų˸ײˣͷ
ߺ󣬽÷߹ʣˣ
Ҷͷ˵ǣǾͶס죬ҪȥҲϣú־ֶ֡
ҶŮˣһ÷Լף֪ҶףⲻöһЩ

Ҷ˲ˣһϹϺһŴײˣǻҡ
ȻסңҲܰ׳԰׺ȣ⣬ҲҪһ˻ȥ

ֹһգҶˣҵİ·ϣηͺ淸סˡ
η˵ӣ࣬ǹ־ˣ㻹ղؼңҽȥ־ιȥ־Ҫڼ
˵ţη־Ҫˡ

ʲôأ
ӢþӢη̧֣һ䣬ȳ˹ηҪʲô

ҽѵҵϱʲô£һȥηһӢͱ͵ƿˤڵϡ

Ⱥμҽøһͷźǰ棬úܡ

ηڵһܵƨ.ʱź޵㻹Ÿʲôû۸ô㶯ִǸˣ

ңӢ淹ͬش

深ŵæȥ㣬Ϊѵ㣬Ǵ򲻹ǡ




86.   86    4

, ȻẰ֣ηӵ׺ָҶ
ӢҲ

ǾҰ, ôӢֻǰߵصźηҪܾͷ, һҲܴ
⻰, æ˵嶯

ηͺ֪򲻹, ֡
Ǻ־, úҽԺ㻤Ҷ, , ־㺦סԺ, ûС˾ҽԺǮȥҽԺһˡ

Ҷҡͷ˵ûǮ, Ȼ־ȥҽԺ϶ѼﶼҹˡôǮ, ־Ⱦƣǻȥ̯λò, ûǮ

ٷϻ, ˭ûǮ, ҪûǮ, ôܣηΪʲôҲ֪ڰζƵ־, ǲ飿

ӢϽӻ˵ǣת뵽ô˵Ҫ飬μҪСˮʣ˵ηҺ־óƣʲôжΣǲǺְɣ

ηӢֻõҶ࣬͸ʹ컰׸Ǯ

Ҷҡͷ˵ûС
ǮҲ־
Ǻ־Ǹˣ鶼ˣ׷ȻƣôǸӡò˶ã׷ӾͻǨҲҶûԭ֮һ

ηҶҡͷ޺ҿʲôĳŮˣȻɷסԺܰ϶ǰǮȥˣԲŻôġ
·˲࣬ĵ㣬˱Ƚ١

Ӣһ⻰ͼˣȥη죬Ҷס
ɩɩޣɤӣҲûǮҶŸɩɩȥ
Ըηø̫࣬ױץѱֻлóȥηǲŲץѱ

ηҶôˣһתͷ׷ȥˣҶߵ÷ɿ졣
ؿҶˣηȴһǮûҪֱš

ûصҽԺҽ˵־˻ð϶죬ҪסԺƣȥҽҩѡ
ãҲͺη΢һ㣬ʣü޵ĶũˣòǮ
ηֻûؼɷҪǮɷܾˡ

ⱦ̬ȼηҰѻǸǮȥӼܵܣȥ顣
飿㾹ȻҺ飿ⱦǳıӵӱżˣȻҺ飿

ⱦ͵վҾҪ飡ôܹ꣬ˣ֪֪Ҳ¸ˣ
֮ǰйʱҵ±֮࣬ÿ»ܳһ⡣ܸãϾͺη˫ְĴŮҲ˼Ḻˡ
ηͷؽӼú־Ǯ⣬ĺӶԲ˶⣬־ÿιηǮ
ÿһκηǮ־󣬼ﶼҪ̲ˡ
кüΣ־͵Ǯȥơ͵ӵѧѣҹȥǮѧѡ
ܺ־ôƣηȴһ仵˵

ⱦ֪ҪԱҲһͺη˵ηڱտڶҵ¡
ʱĶ˰ءʮ꣬˶˵ʱûɢǾһӵĻ
ⱦܹˣܺη

ηⱦˣҲһ㣬㡭ôˣúõĸҪ飿

ûôǿ㲻˳ۣܹ㡣
ⱦ¸ڷѴͷͳ顱طϣηҽ¸ڷѣԺҰ뱲ӵÿҴһǮߣҲ˵ٵģǾȥ顣

ǣô¸ˣﲻ˵ηϵǮŻͦ
Һ˵𣿡ⱦ߷ߵ

ҵȻηһ¿ⱦⱦھͷϣҺú˵ҵȻô¸ˣͲ֪Ͻ㣿
ᣬⱦû뵽Ҫο䡣

ⱦøˤųȥˡ
ηϵǮⱦ飬˵˵ϾⱦûǸӡʮǮȥҽԺܵܽҽҩѡ

ηҽҩѣҽԺҹ
־еΣգΪڷգ˲ȥ˾ûˡ

Ҷһֱûг档
ȻҪҪȥҽԺһ£Ҷҡͷ˵ˣ˵¿־
¹ֻ̾Ů̫ˡ

ڶҶȥ̯ʱ򣬱ˣμ£ͲˡһֱûȵμǺ⡣
ˣ׼ȥʱηھӣ֪ηæ飬û

ηҽԺһϣؼұúϢû뵽յңⱦó֤лڱһȥ顣

ηⱦƣеˣôˣǶʮˣôͻȻҪ飿
ǰʮˣϵôٲ顣ⱦ

ͷ˭飬ӵ˶Ὺʼԣڱָָ㡣
ǰºܵӰ죬ҲӰһܰȥ
˽죬İȥˡ

ηⱦҪ飬һⱦǲŮˣȻǶʮȥôͻȻҪ飿
ץסⱦ죬˵ĸ꾫㣬ȥˣ

ηʱˣ㻹ڹңûԼԭ򣿡ⱦ
ʲôη벻Щչ˼ϴźһСѵ𣿲ǽӼҵܵһǮǮҪƽϣ㻹ǲˣѲҪҿҵܵҽԺ

ǣҾ뿴־ȥ
ⱦץסηƿ־׳棬һغóİ࣬ã

ž
һ
ηŭˣⱦһơ

ⱦģԺ㲻ҪһؼңηⱦܵҲܲˣ飬˭˭

˾ôȥ֣ηͷ֤ʰҡ
ʱŷԼ̫嶯ˡΪܵܣԭͲļԵӵ
֪󣬵һƣȥ
ηѾⱦǲȥģֻܣס

Ҷ˵ηˣΪ־ԺȥʱҶ˵

ѾöûҶȥ˵־֮ѯʵ࣬ôȥأҪͺ־𣿡

Ҷͷ̾̣ʵˡ־סԺںָҪôҡ治һȥ

̾Ժ־ıԣȷʵĲˣ㲻ȥҲûð㻹ˣȺ־һ㣬ҵ̯λҲһҲУ߸ɴ˻飬ߵԶԶġ

лˣ⼸춼£ҲˡҶҵһ¥Ļȥһ£õǨŮ뿪С

æʣҵˣ
ţҵˡҶ
ҵͺãͷڷԣǲס̾μңҲΪˣȥôھӣҲ֪Ǹĺõģĵ̫ãŻᱻμһֱ۸

Ҷ˼䣬ߺĲҲò࣬ȥͽ÷
÷Ҷˣϧһ᲻㣬Ժ󻻸µھ֪òദҲãʡúμ˸鷳Ժɱ˽㣬ǰٺú󣬼ǵûҽ㣬ʱǰӳԡ
Ҷͷ˵ãЩ꽭÷æĴмġ

ʰ̯λȥڴү˽

治ˣڴүɵϴξ㣬ô꣬ûߡ
˵Ǿ仰ԭҾμԶԶġҶ
ҲǣˣһҲǮͲˣСڴүҶѺԺ˵۾һ㣬Ҫ㱻˸ƭˡڻᣬԼǮȻԺ˾ҪһһͻǮûУ

лҶˡҶм

Ҫǵȥġڴү̾˿ˣѺϽȥɣҲȥģʡúμʱҲûػ

ҶٴκڴүлŶʮǮѺ𣬻ȥ·ϣǮ˰⡣
ҽôã˼ˡ

ӢҶܼǣԼӶûãʲô⣬ȥˣ
ҶȴЦŵˣɩɩͱˣҼȻаԺܹӣǮ

ҶŰгɱƬȻ⣬ǲ࣬ܲһŹﳴ
廨ڹð㣬ҶӢ̲סʿˮ
һ̴ݵģϻԡ

ӷѧԣһ۾ð⡣

Ʒ͵ԣȴһĿ֣裬ôʲôҶþûˣȳһ
ûأûôȶӣ˵ϴûУӵģȥϴ֣Ȼ粻ԣ

Ʒûԣæȥϴ֡

ȴҶ֮Ӣٸҷ⣬ΪޣֲͳԣŮ϶ӡ
Ʒɷֵ֮һ飬صóԣҪͺˣ
÷᲻һڳ£ССڵغζǰóԡ

ҶżЦóԾͳԱһ㣬ԺҪúö飬ԼбˣԶ١
裬ϴѧб𣿡÷Ҷʡ
ҲһڻСȵĿӦþǿϴѧͷĴѧǺܳ㣬ǰԭŮܻ飬ΪûǮֻܶѵʦһΣŮܶϲĴѧܵơ

һҪϴѧ÷
ϸͣҲҪ
ƷͷԷ˲˵

ӢӳԵżЦǶģԣû˺˵ţԼ˵ӡ

һٷҶԵø㡣

ʱԣˡ
ŻطʱŸ̾һ治װģãԸֺã׵в٣ȴƫƫ˺־
˵ûˣܼʱֹʲôǿӢϣöһҪӿɲס




87.   87    5

Ҷûȥ, һֱйע־Ϣ
˵־ǺˣΪҽʱ׵², Ҫһȳһա

ҶʼڷϰΪˮֺ࣬˵, ÿ춼ܴ˻ؼҡĻʳҲ˵, ӵɫۿɼĺһЩ

Ҷ°ؼ, Ϧ, Ҫʱ˲ԶŹȵĺ־
־, һо޵, ǽϿ

Ҷû, һȳôܡ
ǰ־ͿڵӴС., ҡһ䣬ǲһˡ

Ҷͣ, ۺ־ȣû, ˿ʯͷͶ־ϥǡ
ʱչʱ, ҲһЩͶ, Ȳ, ˻ǿԵġ

ʯͷк־ϥǣ־ȳȣӴŵ, ô࣬ڵĴˣңӴι㻹ң

Ը־ˣ˷ʱ䣬ֱӶ֡
Ҷ־ʱͼľݺݴȥ

մǻᣬҲ־ԭܵЩ򣬶û־
ǿϧ̫С
Ҳ־۵໽С

ҶƳæľһ·ܻؼ
Һ󣬷ǽ

Ӣôˡ
Ҷ˵־ˣɩɩżû۸ȳˡ

İӢּȳˣǿ̫ˡ
Ҷȷʵûʲô£ֵμ˶Ҫ㻹ǳ֤ˣܲܶһӡ

Ҷͷ˵ãһˮæ

죬һֱȵʱûȵ÷ѧؼҡ
ȥѧУˣѧУ͹ˡ
˴÷ͬѧ֪÷ηӻȥˡ

μҽߴ÷ҹӣμȥˣ϶ûɺ£ǵȥѴ÷ӻؼң
ӢժףȵȣҲȥ

Ҷæϣڼչӡ

˸յҶԼļңͿ÷ſڣ۾ϴ·

ﴫηûĵİǣֹԹȣͺ۸ˣЩ·Ҳϴɾˣ
ηһ·Ҷˣ϶·ﺰˣ淡ǿˣ

־Ҷĵػ˼ңڴϰ̾Ҷˣȥôĳǣʱ򻹸ҹ࣡

Ҷں־˵ǰͰѴ÷ߣȥ̼һ˵㲻Ҫܣȥ㡣
÷ҡͷ裬㲻ҪңȻҪְ۸ˡ
ģо˾˺;ĸڣְֲ۸ҡҶŰŮҡ

ٻʱ־Ѿվ£ݺݵؿ

࣬˶ԲԣȻôıɱ׷𣿡־׵

Ҷ־վȣû£־Ҷ֣㿴ϵİ̺ۣɶġһŮ˼ңʲôҲʲô¡

ôûˣ־˵ˣүǴţ쾭£
ηһԵͷ˵ǣɿ࣬ҿǴ˰ɣԣǼǮͷ㶼ܴߣ÷Ҳøҵܵܡÿ£ҲðѴ÷ѽ
־һԵͷǣ͸Ǯ

ĴΰɣӢıƢ̲סˣӺǮһݲȴһһ鶼˸ŮѣǵǲҪԵ
־˶೤һûõļ.ˣ
ĻӣޣԼ˶УƨĶӣ

Ӣǰǳ˻ǱƢηҪ죬ߣӵηԼҵӲúùһ쵽ҵ¡ܴܵţҪⱦҴ㣬ǰѷҪ˰ɣ
ҲõˣⱦҪˣһͻŵ湻ġ

Ӣһ˵ø˶ĬĬĴָ

־˵Ӣʲô£Ǽ£Ҫܻҹȥ

Ҷڵɩɩܹҵ£ǴΪʲôҪǵ£

⡭һ𣿡־

ôһҶңɩɩȴҡ־˫꣬ǲҪ
Ҳ˵ʲôҪһ룬ǮǺμ̣ˣûʲô÷ֵġӶңԺȳˣǸҲûӹ

ΰɣһһ룿η˵С
־Ҳҡͷ
ⷿ־ǰλֵģʲôϵ˵ӣҲͬⶼҶǶҶܵиͷȣûչˡ

ȻǺ־λģǺ־¸ڣҪǮǱǮ˽ȥġ
ҶҪⷿӵһ룬Ӧõģܰװ͸־

㵱ɵ־ǻ¸ڷѵġη

ҶЦˣҪ˵¸ڷѣ㲻ʺ־¸ڷи𣿡
˺ȾƣǺ˴ƣ¸ڷǸңҪȥǮȥ𣿡
Ϊ˴չ췿֤ǮҶòȥ˽Ǯ˺ηȴһǮûУΪηԼǮ

־ߵ࣬ԭ㶼ô㶼šҿûҺúùҽѻҪ飬Ͱ˵İ죬ȻҾ㡣

ҶЦˣ־㾡ϡģҹҵģǵҪ˭㲻ôҲ飬ȥɣ
ڷӵ飬Ҷһãƾʲô˷ʮഺô࣬ȴҪú־Ѻôռꡣ

־˵ӣʱˡ
ȷʵŶӣתͷȥ㣬Ҳô˵

Ҷ־ܲ˵øȥѴ÷óŴ÷ؼˡ
ؼҺ󣬳¹˵ԺרŽͺѧúμлɳˡ

ҹˣҶ˯£μȴ˯š

־ΪҶ飬ʲôӦû뵽Ҷš
㣬һˣǰ˵ģȴҴ˵Ҫô죬ܲһûӰɣ

μҾͺ־һӣǺμҸĸӣ˶ӴڽӴô죿

ԥҪȻͰѺӸࣿȻ־Ŵ÷˼ҹҲƿ
淵ͷ˵ԣ˵öԣźӶ鷳Ů˾Ҫȥ˼ҡȻҪӣǾͶ÷־ģ󣬻Ҫ־ѡ

η룬ÿԣ־ҪȻͰѴ÷Ͷࡣ
£ӾԲܸ岻ãӶûУҶҲѡǶһҲһ

־˵ֻܵͷ˵ãǴ㣬ȥ˵𣿡

ηȻٿ࣬Ϊ˵ܵܵĺǵͷӦ
淺ͺȴӻˣǾдȥУǿɲ顣

־ҵȻؼһˡ淵ũ̫ˣѾö죬ôʱ䣬ҲҪչ㡣
ҲС˵Ҳǡ

ηͷؿãûõĶ˹ؼʱ̻ʲôũ𣿡
ˣҪȥͻȥɡµʱ򣬼ǵðѼҲ»شܲŲ䣡




88.   88    6

Ҷڶؼҵʱ, ηվţû⡣
ֱ˹ȥֱηڽ, ͣ¡

Ӵʸ֦û˰η

Ҷת, η, , ¾˵, ҪڽãĿԼˡ

㣡
η˦ֲ, , ˵ЩϻǺ־, ӿԶ㣬ӲС־ڶˣ㻹ҪһߣҲ̫û˰ɡ

, Ҫ־, ѾܸôˡûȫҪһһ
Ҷ̬ȼ, ҪĲ, ǾŰ, ǸҲȥ־ĳԺͰдˡ˻, չ˺־Уһû飬־ͱ빴Ů, Ȼ֪ˣȥָػ

࣬˲Ҫ̫˰Լ˶ӣ־Ůˣ𣿡η

ʲôµģҶᳫŮһһӷ.˼룬ȫҲӦúأҶ˵꣬ǰߣ㣬ҷãǾԸŰɡ
ҶǮ͹æˣҪ˵ٻ顣ڿûٻ飬ͺ־óúηźһ£ƾҪ

Ҷؼңηһ·ֻȥ

Ⱥλȥ󣬺־ôҡͷˤеĲ豭࣬ǴĲӺù

ηһʰ˾ˣˤŪһأҪʰ
˵־㻹ǵҸη˼ȥҲ˵벻룬ǴⲻˣҲԼڷԡ

ҲȥҽŶˣָôЦҡ־ͷ˵ˣ㲻ˣԺ㹤ʸҲˣһаڣҸҪ
־·һȳһգ˵ŶΪã϶кܶڱЦ

Һֲ飬㿴Űɣò˶죬ͻҡηʮҹȥ󣬾ȥԷûôԸ޸㣿
뵽ܵԺηſʼšҪҶ̬̫ȻҲߵܵҹ

־ǲԸ⣬㣬ҽѻ˭ҪȥҾ˭

⻰ηֻʱգˣҲ˵ˡ˰ɣȥԡ

~

Ҷڷ˰£쵽ʺ󣬾Ͳˡ
÷˵иڳ³£ÿ¶ж߻һ·Ҫˣתֿٲۡ
Щ·Ҫϱȥģ޲תҲüǮ

÷Լһ˲ø£뵽Ҷһ굽ͷ˼Ǯ·Ͳһ÷ۿݼҸġ
ʲôˣںӶС¡·ҲƾǮûʲô˵ġ

Ҷ÷ôõϴӦˡ
һȥȻȥ԰̯
ҶԼͰ½ȿƤ¶ϣ˿úÿʡּ۸̵Ҫ˲٣
԰һгǹˣҶͽ÷˰£Ȼ֮ǰµǮȴҲࡣ

˸նǹܣ£÷ڴడСܻ꣬УʹˣҪܣܲˡ

ҶҲе㴭˱ˣ÷㣬ˣǾİٶ顣̯˿Ҳûи̶Ϲ˿򣬻ÿҵǡ
ټһ£ǮԺ󣬾ȥ棬˱Ǯȥ꣬Ҳ¿Ǯծأ

Ҿͦá÷ҲԼǮǰ̫ˡ
˺ǮˣԺ͸еˡô飬Ҫͺ־ȥ

Ҳ̫ãģμұҸżҶ÷㣬Ǯ˵£ȱͱ˵һȥԷ
㲻Ҳ˵÷μҶƤǰûپ㲻ţҪ֪ǮˣϷ뿪

ҶҲĿվɫ磬÷㣬ǽɡҲȥӺӣȥ±ζǳԡ
УҺͬڼ÷Ц




89.   89    7

Ҷؼʱ, ÷ͱдҵڵϿϰҡ
裡Ц˹, סȣú硣

ҶŮЦŵ, Ϊ, Щȥϴ, ŵ˵ζˡ
߽, ɩɩӢڳˣҶҲϴְæ˲ˡ

ӢҶ±ζ, ̾, , Ǯôʹִ
һ±ζ˶ǮҶЦ
ҳԺסɩɩ, ѣʱʱȻ, ȴҲҪǮ˲ÿ⡣

Ӣ۵ôͲֵǮ, Щ±ζ, úüǮءɲ, һ, ŵܲʹ⳴ԡ

Ҷ˲˽ݣСϴְæꡣ
һһԷںμҲ֪Ҫö١

Ա, ҶǮ
һӼӽȣûǧǮͽ÷ϻһ˳һ͹
ٹ£Ӧܴ湻Ǯ
סңҵĵط̫Сÿϵúһ˯ŮҲúͱסһ䡣÷ѾˣҪԼķȽϺá

ҶһǮºʱ˳ڸӡ
дģͺ־ķӣҲǨˡȲǨһȥ·

ҶԺˣ챼æµºܿ˯š

һߣ־ȴò
ηȻܵܣ⼸죬ηԼҲǽͷö

ηһֱⱦ飬ֻһʱ嶯ȹ죬϶
ɴ¹ȥⱦȴһϢҲûУǰؼʱⱦھ˵ЦСģȥץⱦһץ

ⱦǰǱηѹ˵ˣƾη֡
һʱ䵥ӣҪ̫ˬ
ĺӶˣҪܣӻæѷãŮϴ·ⱦÿؼңгкȣΪηڣŮҲһ㡣
Աηץһצӣⱦһᣬһƻȥ
Ťһھӹǣǲŷֿ
ⱦŻ˵Ѿ飬úηҪٻȥ

⼸죬η־˷ͻȥⱦ֡
춼ˣηûл

־˷ֻ䷹ԣǳزˡ
ҵȣûȴõ롣
뵽ǰҶ÷˵ͷԣ־ʮֻӡ

ˣ
־һûȾˣ뵽ҶԼúܺã
ҵǮǮһҾƹƺȡ

־ȾƣƷá
ȵ뵽Ҷ͸һ·ߵҶҡ

飡
ǳһҶסķ䲣ˡ
˶ѡ

࣬ӳ־ּһʯͷȥûã£ֻҵǽϡ

ҶʱͿĺ־
¹־ߵֶڶ
Ҷæ裬ȥӣҺ͸ھС

ԼҲˣϹȥס־

ʲô־ֱţ۵ô󺰣˰˰Ҫɱˣ

;ǸƢ־ôָ۵ú־໽С

ҶһͰˮ磬ÿ
ɿ־ҶһͰˮ־

־˲ѣ·ȫʪˣˤڵϣȿҶָҶ࣬ûĵŮˣӻûáŮˣǺ飬ҲҪ㣡

Ҷ˯úúõģ־ܲˬ˵Ĳˡ
һͰˮֱ־

־ԼûõһûǮŮ˳ķˣȻӣζ룡
ҶһӣҪжӾܷǰϹۣ

־ܲ˱վҪҶϱߵ
Ӵιż۸ˣҿżҪɱˣǡء

ĺԺﻹסˣú־ٳȥӰ쵽ˣҶøѺ־סϵ档

־ϣѾˣ·Ͽˡ
һ֣Ϳʼ󺰡

Ҷź־ȥ˾֡
ȻԺ־ֻǿͷ־ʱŵ
ˣ˵ξͺ£־Լй±԰·ܣ

ǺηѺ־ȥ־ɪɪػȥ
ηԼæýͷöѵܵؼҺһóɾ·һ߷ŭһȥʲôںˣھ¶档
ҲǸĵģȻͽ֣˵һշްնǺãһֶˡ
־ҿ㻹ǿѻˣķǿͷӦ࣬ȻˣٷڲҲû취

԰㣬а취־챻Ҷˮ˵һķӣʲôҶ
˵öԣֻҪˣҲӡҪǸҾɵ£ȥ

Ǿȥɡη̾һܻܵ˸ɾ·º뵽ֱⱦϳʼ޵־Ϊ㣬ҶزȥˡⱦǸ˵顣

˾£ⱦǸҷϣƽҲǮʲôء־һҲĴҵ£ֻ뿴ҶùֻҪǺãԺⱦ϶ڡⱦˣȥλ֣ʲô

㲻Ӷ˵ˡ
ηĵģǶӺŮԶǰûᱻᣬʱȥǣǶȰⱦǸö¡
־׵ܵܣûȥܣס¡㶼ܵܵܣõܵô

ηԼǣԽԽ޵ҲԽ

־޵ķһˣ˱ӣŴ㣬ͷˣôǶĺӡ÷ͶһʹҺ飬ҲҪҰְ֣ԺҲТ˳ҡҲûʲôÿ޵ģŮТҲһ
Ұѵƹˣˡ

ηܵѾ£һӻ˵ȴֻܹص뿪

һҶûô˯á
η쾮ﵽҶü̾

֮ҶǮֻҪǮˣμҵ鷳ˡ
ͽ÷Ϻһȥ˳ķװ
ֳһ·æµһ졣

ϢʱҶͽ÷ڹ԰ĳϳԷ

˵ϣ־ȥˣ÷ʡ

Ҷҧһͷͷ˵ǡ

÷üҾҲǰ취ͺ־飬Ժǻ㡣μ˾͸Ƥҩһ뵽ǣҾ㷢
ҷסҲȥѧУҴ÷һŮǮͲף̫ˡ
ҾҪ취úμҲ㡣

£ҶҲ
֮ǰõǨ뿪У뵽־ˣҲһȥҾ
ܲԼ˰

ͷҶһˮҡͷ÷㣬־ˣˣȻֻҪһҡԼûǮãʲô¶ó
ҴȶһǮ󣬰÷תѧӣҲӹȥú־˶Ҳ




90.   90    8

Ҷæ, Ϊ쿪ʼ꣬ͽ÷Ϣʱȥӡ
ҵ, Ƕ
÷ЩһǮһġ

Ҷͽ÷һӣ۸Ҳ, ҪٴһǮС

ͣ, Ҷؼ·, ˺־İ衣
Ҷ, 

డؼ˰Цŵ

Ҷͷ, , 𣿡

㵱Ȼ¡ƺ, Щ䣬ģǰЩû㣬ʵǲô˵־ʱȷʵûû, ﻹģŮ˲ô, Ϊ˼ͥϴһûʲô
Ʒ򸾸տ˶, ʼҲӺҶ, ĿǱ, òʵ
ǰȻ, Ҳ֮飬¼ˣҲǹҪ

Ҷ˵, Цأǲϣ飬һֱչ˺־Ǹ

΢΢üʲôзأô˵־Ǻôʮķޣѵһֶû𣿡

ûˣûˡҶ

ҭ
δ߹㻹˷ѿûǿǼôһӵķҲûãȽϺá˵ҪҪǹͷˣ
˵źδһѣһߣٿڡ

δֱ㶵صҶ࣬㵱˶ϱģҲûãǮҲ顣ŮˣáѾ־˵ˣǾȥ֤Ӹһһ룬ԺǼҷˡ
ǺηҪҶ˵ɺηʱⱦͳһŮüȥתȥⱦܣԼҽԺˡ

Ҷμҵͷͬ⣬֤ԣȰֽǩЭ顣ӰгۣҪôǸһǮҪôҸһǮʡûסһ£ҿͷۡ
μҿ϶ûǮҶõġ

⻰δɶҶۣ࣬˵ʵǲǹǮˣ˵ôŶ೤ʱ䣬Ǯ𣿡

ûǮһȥ衣Ҷ

ƹСҪǮɣǸҲԶչ־ǮڼҸ־ģҲչ
δƳһۣȥҶܽ赽Ǯ

費ǿԲҡҶ

УǮһȥˣδ

ҶҡͷǰѷӹңٸǮ
μҵˣһŲ
ҪˣʲôۣĻҲ׼˾һֱţҿ˭ټ޸־

δζ뱧ӣҶв߷ߵˡ
ƿɷ뿪Ҷһǿı飬̾డԺ϶ڵġ޻ԭĺãһŮ˴Ůˣ˶˵ġڳ嶯£㰡㣬һ̲ô

ҶСȥ׷δԽԼľûд־ˣǴ

Ҷתȥ˽÷蹻Ǯٻؼʱ
ڶŸһȥֻ֣кδͺ־ηסԺˡ
ûкηڣر죬˵ĲƲ׷ӣҶҪ־һǧٿǮ׷ӾȫҶ
֤Ҷȥͺ־˹
꣬ҶŸǮ

ʱҶȷ˷֤Цź͸磬Ǹӣȥòˡ

־ҶĻûһŮ˱ôˡ࣬Ժ۸ˣɲҪҰæŮҲǻңԶ׵󶼵Т˳ңⱲӶӲġ
Զ㿪ǿɲС

δͷź־㻹ǷʲôѾͷƬӣԺյУТ˳ʲô
δõǮֻ˸ӽ

ҶӺ־ӵĻԺ£Ƕûйϵи±ȽҪȻӹңǽͰߡҹȥʱϣѾ뿪ˣȻҶ֡

˭ϡǸƷӣ־ѾõǮˡ

ϡͺáҶ

ؼ·ϣҶšţ⣬˻׾ơ
Ȼ֪鷳ûȫ꣬Ȱ֤ˣһ

żˣܸˡ
μҲǰֵǮĶˣڶҶȥʱ¹͹ư趼û¡
ҶһҲ⣬ǰŲǨһ룬ں־ôɵһǧͻӣȲǨʱкμ˿޵ʱ

δķӱȽԶԺ־ߺҶʹȰȥˡ
ҵķ̫ˣʵڲסˡ
·æÿ콻ȥҳԷȰȥѺӽߡ

ֳһ£ҶǷ÷ǮˣҲһЩΪ֮ǰ˺־һǧٿ飬ԱԼһºӻ첻ֻһʱ䡣
ڶˣ֮һ㡣

÷㣬ҿˣҪȻȥҶƣöš
÷̧ͷͷƣȥҲУô䣬ҲԸڻ

˰ѶʰãȫŵֳϺ󣬽÷ֵ֪еѣҪȻȶһǮ֮ٻҡȻô䣬˶԰ߡ
÷Ҷ֤֮ΪҶ˺һ֪ҶûʲôǮԲŻô˵

Ҷм÷㣬ôãҶ֪ôˡ
̫ˣ˵ʲô𲻱ءһһгô꣬׽á÷ЦǰʱҲҿ̯λûˮ̺ӡǶǳˣæӦõġǹˣǲǱ¡

Ҷֳ÷ں߰ơ
ʱ䣬ٵλá

˵˺󣬵ڶȥ˵档
Ҷڵ̸ӣûǮֻʱһ
һ⻧װģ˲ǮϼһЩӣҶͽ÷ҪװޣŸɾ󣬻ƾͿʼӪҵ

ϵһ̵ֶ꣬ò˵Ƚϴ
Ҷͽ÷һӪҵ֮ǰڹ԰ڵ̯屶Ҳ֮ǰ

һʱҶͰ֮ǰ轭÷Ǯˡ
ǵĽ÷װտҵһ£Сٿ˶ͷ

ҶЩǰ۹⣬÷˵˾Ӫŷװ꣬˲Ǯ
ʱ÷ǮԼһָ̨ʵ硣
ҶǰǧǮţȹȥⷿá

Ҷʱ־ȴٴʵ
ԭʱҶΪ˷ӣһǧٿǮμұ־һ׷ӣǺõķһǧٿ鲢Ժδһȡ
־ǺǰһղǺȾƣڼ˯׼ΣԷûǸȳӡΨһģǸѸ־ȴ϶ԷҪûĶʮС

־һֱŲ£δʼߺ־һԲϾͻܡ
־ֺδǮĵط͵͵һǧǮܳȥһ¡
ʱ򣬷ֱˡ

δӻͷϵıӾ˹ȥǮأ

־żϣͷ⻹ôȻˡ

ˣôˣδһ£屾ͲãǮûˣһ㴭һǧǮ˵þˣ
һǧɲСĿδݽ𻹲һǧһ㡣ǮǼҵô漸С
ɺ־˵˾ˣһѶ

ƿδ̫Ȳ裬һιδˮһߵ־㲻ҪЦˣǿһǧǮôõõǮóɣΪ£һ¶û˯á

ˣǱҲûá
־ɴڵϣңҾǮȥסƵ꣬Ƶź򣬻оƺȡҪǮҲŲ
ɫˣƲʲôģǮ÷Ҳỵˡ˵ˣǲ˵ΪҺãǮÿģҲǡ

㣡
δպһ㣬ֱ־ǮǸ·ģҪûǮ·ӣסĵطûУйԸ޸㣿

ûǮȥͺˡ־ȻصǾһӣЩǮãŸʲô

ﻹǮ
δǰǸͨˣʮˣ˵һǧ飬һٿҲûǸˡ
֮ǰһҲ־õòࡣ

Ҳܡ־ûǮǾȥ취뱧ӣ͸취ŪǮûУҲУμҾһӣǶҡ
˵ˣˣҪȥ˯־վ裬ȥҳ㼦ƣҴҪԡ

δ־ôȥؿ£ʹࡣ

ôˣƿδͻȻ˵æӵ֡
־˺һŹûݣͲͷô˰

־ֺ봭ˣƵ
־߹ȥδɫϣæȥδУɺδûзӦȥ˰æȴûԸæμ⸽Եã˵ϵ׽ھӶμˡ

Ⱥδ͵ҽԺʱպûϢȺ
ҽ˵Ч󣬵˹ȥ
־㶵ڵϣԼҲûʲô£ôͰѰְָˡ




91.   91    9

δ, μ˲Ҷȥݣ÷ͶǺμҵŮ
ҶʱҶЩ, ־͵һǧõôˡ

㣬ȳ, һŴ÷ȥݵġҶ
ƽʱ, ҶŮȥ, Ͼμ˶⡣

ԸȺηһ, ǺηһץҶ, ֻһ, ôүү, Ͳܴ÷ھ͹ȥ𣿡

ڹȥûܹҪȥչҶ˵ˣȥæ, ΪүүҲͬǻȥ, ȻҶȥ
˽˵ҶŮȥǾ仰, δǰȻûŮ, үү, ȥһҲûʲô

Ҷߺ֮, ؼʱºͷѧĴ÷˵ˡ
÷СͲϲүүΪүү˵Ǯ, ֻҪȥһ£һ

˺δ죬ҶŮȥ
־˾ƣʱ򣬻ڷ
ƿŮǹŮޡ

ηҶΪ˳ۣһˣҲ֪ʲô

ǲ뿴ңھʹŮȥҶģ˶
кμ岮Ȱηô񣬲ô˵֮ǰҲǺμҶϱźμŮݣҲӦõġֻأҪ¡

ηѵ⣬ֻÿ
÷ͶТ£Ӷүүûи飬һᶼûСֻǴʲô͸ô

Ͼŵ㣬˳ʱ䣬־ű˴Ӵ鲻ԸؾƬڳǰ档
ҶûиɽɽµŮ

һϵʱ䣬Ҷûںμҳ緹Ҫߵʱ׷ס

öôҪߣ
ﻹ¡Ҷ򵥵

컯Ū˰˵ţŮǺףˣȻ˵̫ʺϣ·Զᷢ޵ĺãǸŮˣǰ־Ϳ㿴ӷϣҲÿǿǰ
ʱദڶӵĻһܴ죬ﱻˡʼʱͲͬӺҶ飬̫һ˳Ķϱˡ

ÿǣҲܸġΪ˺ӣҲܸ顣
Ҷ̬ȼ𣬺־һ仰ûŮ˵İְֻ֣õӰ졣

ҶǣŮߣٶ

ȻؼҺҶŮǵˮʱ򣬴÷ͻȻʣ裬㻹Ͱְһ𣿡
Ҷ£ʵϣְһ𣬻Ƿֿأ
ϣǷֿ÷Ѿ꣬ǺܶµͣͬѧҵİְֶˣƣҪİְ֣Ͱְסһ˯ܸģҲᱻҲҪ豻򡣡

ҶЩж÷ģ費ְָġһͶܺúܺãǲõԺҲǰˡ
ΪܳԱ÷ͶɫúйͷҲƯˡ

ŮҶȥŮ
÷ڵͻȻҶȥ

Ҷȥͬڵĸʾ
費ʶ֣ǱѾ˵ˣ࣬дţͬҪǨǻվ˵ԸǮͷأ

Ҷ濴ʾдţݷӵʵ⳥
ҶҵķӣϳһһƽҡղǨҲԿԵõһ¥ͬʱõǧҵĲ

ǨȻֵֵܷĲ࣬ȴܺܺõظҶڵ

ұҶҸ⵽ֵǮ࣬ס·ӣˣ࣬ʾ˵ϾͻῪʼԱס·õȵ󡣲סĻⷿҲǮӴιãǶס·أ

ڵĺԺɹⲻ̫ãҲﻹûвסò
ҶҲס·ӣ˵ǰǶס·ˣ

ǨˣܿҵҶǡ
Ҷһǩ˺ԼҲȥǩ˺ԼΪȥ̸ʱָܶǧ顣

ҶæŲǨμȴ֪ҪǨ£Ϊδμ⼸һֱ־Ժô졣

־нţԼȥһݹҪ˲ġ
־ᣬǲԸȥ

μȫˡ
־ϣһ²ؼӡ

ԥ˺һǿڵ裬˵ˣԺ£Ըæٸ־ǮˡҲģҪ顣
֪ģǼҲǿǮҲ飬Ժûˡ

üΪģһµܵܣ쾭ǿˣͲ޸

淲ΡΡؾֵ裬ҼλҲҲ˵ˣ־ȥҹĻҲԸҼ־
תͷȥܵܣ̾־ڲʮģȻȽŲ㣬ߣȥһݹɡйˣҲŻйԸ޸㡣ΰѰֶˣѵ㻹ܶ𣿡

ôˣ־һõԼǮֱҪģôԹң
˵ˣֲ˵оУҪܽһ࣬ǮֶĹھȥϰ࣡

£ûǮĹ

򴽲˵ˡ
̾˿һ۴ķҲٿڡ

û⣬ǰδŵʱδģںδˣȥŮ˵أ

η״̬Ǻܺãǿž񣬡Ҿ־ȷʵһҹҲףǵҲðһ㡣Ѿûˣǵݽ𲻹õġÿöʮǮ裬Ǿأ

淵ͷ˵ˡʮũ˵ɲһСĿֻжʮǮƽóԡ

淵㣬ݽ㹻־˳ԷҪǸǮԷϰйãҺͶ÷紵ɹǮ˵ÿ¶ʮǮÿǮҲûС
ǰڵʱǾûǮôȥˣ־һ㳤𣿡
ȻûУװ֡

־ȴԼܲվָ淣ǲǿҲˬܾˣ
濴Ҳˬ͹ȥǺμҲҪָ첲յˡ
ǺμΨһĶӣǸǮӦġûңμôڽӴ

־μȷʵҪ㴫ڽӴûˣҲûˡҺֲǮˣôǮкҪ飬Ҳйڡ֮ǰÿθǮҪźɷ˵ôͲܶһ㣬ѲϣǶʹһ𣿡
ڣ淶ô̫嶯ˡҵܵһ㶼ûΣǸ̫ˡ

ҹ
־ԼԸңͲҪˡֽ㣬ҪҲգԺ㱻۸ˣҲңûֽ㣡

ۿᣬ־ҹԺڣ
˵꣬淾ͽʰ·

淽Ȱ淣嶯
㣬ҳ嶯Ҳˣ־Լҹġ淿޵ȰҲٶˣ־ҹǲһӡҲǸƢٶܣҲʹһˡԼй˻黹йãûйҪ飬ֻȥַ

淿ôŰܳȥҲ뿪ֲ뿪
صԥԥص㣬־ʮǮò

ηüͷšò˵

־׵ʮǮֲʲôûУҲûУǾͶҺˡһ˵׽㣬һҺã˹ؼʱ˭Ҳûģǿ͸ˣ

ƴԲ־ȷʵѡﻹһֻҪҵ⼸»ǿԳŹȥ˵ﶼΪá
־ߵҪΪҺã͸ôǮȢţȻ˵˵ĺʲôáôһˣҪԻҪȣǮͲҽ㣡

־Ļٴ˵˺淡ԸûôңʱܻȥʮǮҲȷʵò

ηһؿƵģԡ

־ȴĶЩˣȥԣ˿Ժôתݣɴ˯

ڶ죬Ҳؼˡ
ǰϵǮֻ˳ߡ

һ˯ţ߶Ůӻ˯ȥˣȴӸƵڵء

ʲôϵģò˯־ͷͷ
ȴ־ˣѷˣȥҹɡ
ĺܷǰ඼֪ϲҪңҲҡڲžŵ㣬ҹҲô磬ٶ˯һᡣ

־һ˯˯һ㡣
ʱ򣬷ַˣȥȡ
ȳ극ƭ˵Ҫҹ·˶ʮǮȥȾƣˣػ

Ʊڴȥҹ־صң͵˯
ȫǺ־ϵľ

ӳһܺƲٸ־Ǯ
־ûǮȾƣо񫣬㿪ʼ֣ʱ򻹻ᶯ֡

ƺͺηŮ˶ֹס־ֻÿ̾ͳһǮ־ȥƺȡ

ûоƺȵĺ־ʮֵܡ
ʼȥ͵˵ľƺȣ԰ֱͣ־

Ҷ֪־ǽ÷˵ġ
÷Ϲʶֵһˣ˵֮ϻͽ÷˵ˡ

˵־Ǹ࣬ˣˡ÷ˣҲˣҲܲǨˡˣ·ҵûУ

Ҷͷ˵Һˣұһģ˵̫Ҹ˵־ȥǣһȭͷɷǡǾʡǮ
ķӾڵ̸·ӣһÿֻҪһٿǮ
ҶǮ·ӸҪίԼŮǡ

죬Ҷ˳ҳԷ
һӵĲˣܸлæ

ҶҺһ£ϷӲſʼ
ͬķӺܼһȥ𣬻Ҫʱ䡣
Ҷȴ󣬾Ϳס·ӡ




92.   92    10

ϺͬǨ, ƺƵģܿʹ˺μ
־ҲҶֻȥǡ

ҶյϢʱ, ҴҴӵϻȥ
ſڵʱ򣬺־ڵˣ

࣬Ǯ־Ҷ, վ, Ƿӱһ, ڲǨ, ôǮ÷һ룡

ҶǮ, Ȼָ־
־, ҵʱѾм۸㲹, Ǩ飬ȥԺҡÿҼҿ£Ͳѿ𣿡

㶼Ҫ, һʲôѿѿ־֮ǰһƣû, Ҷ˵ˣٵǧĲ, Ҳ, øһǮ, Ȼ̫ˡ

Ҷ, 豻־ŵˡ
˺־һۣȽݿ
ݺ󣬿ɩɩʰ

డ, ʹˣܲ˴̼ȥסӢ־򲻹Һ磬ﲻ¡־ˣֲܰÿ֡ȥУߣú־

ӢֲҶٳȥҺ־ҶֻȰȥ

֮죬Ҷ˵־ȥſ£ȥܲǰ취취
뵽־ǮȥȾƣҶ룬˸⡣

ҪڵʱҶҸȵ˺־

Ӵⲻǰ־ֻҶһǺǵ¶ˣһΪʲôҰˣȥ˹ء

־㲻ҪңǵкùҶӿڴóʮǮǨҵŸŮ飬ܸ㡣ҿӣҲܡ
ʮǮȥɣƺҲС

ޣöʮǮң־Ǯڵϡ

Ҷ۵ϵǮһǮҸˣҪҪ¡
ʮǮ٣ȥǱĵ¾Ʒƣʮˡ
㿴ŮϣҪˡ

Ҷߣߺ󣬺־ϵǮ
Ҷʮ飬Ժÿ춼Ǯ־Ǯ뵽Ϥĵطƣ뵽ҶᵽǱĵ¾ƷЩĶȥ

Ҷ֮Ի־ǮᵽǱƵĵط֪ǼҾƷǼپơֻҪʱľƣͻƾж塣
Ը־ˣֻնݳԾ󻼡

һ־϶ءҶÿζֵúܲͷ
һΣ־ȥѧУҪߴ÷Ҷ
ھʱҶֶ˶ʮǮ־ܳ֡

־ǮǳĵȥǱƺȡ
ԼҶԵģûǮˣȥŮĸÿһҶǮ

õǮ־ǳظˣҲ⾯Щ
ȥƷƣȥһףȥ·ϣȲر߱ߺȡ

ģ·û
Ⱥ־쵽ʱѾһƿƣص߸˱
Ҳʱ򣬺־ͻȻͷΣ¡
ƽỹûͷε½Ӹս⿪ͷŵ߸Ż¡
ĵطŻһЩѪ˿

θļγ鴤־ײΧǽϣһתͷк־š

·˷ֺ־ȥҽԺʱѾһСʱˡ

żжʱû־Щ֡
Ӣȥһ£֪˸߲ҵȥҶ

ͣ£Ҫ˵ĺϢ
Ӣ߽̺󣬾ͰҶ̨÷ҲչҺ˵־ⱨӦˣΪȾƣǰʱڽͷȥҽԺ󣬼θ
ҽԺ˵˼ˣ

÷֣ǻĺ£үҪ˺־࣡

ҶҪľЦ˵ҳԷ
˵꣬ηҵ˵̡
Ҷһ֪ҪǮġ

ηֱ߽ӸҶ£࣬㣬Ⱦ־ɡ÷ͶͻСǲûаְְ

ҶڣӢֲηǰ־õʱһæĻҲ˵ڶˣԼҲˣѵ֪ʲô𣿡
÷Ͻӻ԰η˲̫Ҫǰ۸࣬ҪǮ˼𣿡

ǰĺηѾʼˡ
Դ֮󣬺η״̬ԽԽãѾ˶ʮհݡ
̧ͷҶ࣬ô𣿡

㣬־ôûϵˣ㻹ȥ˰ɡҶޱҲٸǮˡûк־İְ֣ҾöԴ÷˵һ¡

࣬Ҳ̫ˣηҧվҴûôĵŮˣǿɷ򰡣

ǰ򣬻Ǽ.ҵǰ򡣡Ҷڵϣм˰̣Ǻ־ġΪǰԵЩ࣬ҲǮ־βн죬ԼģҲûжԲ




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ӺηһҵҶ֮, ½½˼Ρ
ηɫԽԽ˵Ҳûǰơ

Ҷòε־Բ־Ǯ
ֹһº, Ҷ֮ǰĲǨǮչһ, һٶʮƽķӡ

˵ڵķۻûд, ٹ, ۾ͻԵ
·, ÿ飬Ȼ˿ܶǮ, ҶôС, ʲôӶ, ̫ƴ
û޹ۻˣǮõʱ
Ҷ׷ٹ, ͿɿӣȲǨ

Ҷ߰򷿵Ĺ, ־ȴ̫ˡ

ÿ춼ϴ棬Ϊչ˶, ѾеǮ, Ҳܽˡ
, Ѿ費Ǯ, Ҳӻؼҽ˵ˣ־ֻʮʱ䡣

֪ӻ, һҹͷ
ڶӵĴͷĶӣֹס

־һÿ챻˸һܡ
ʼȥɵڣֻ
θѾãÿһκʹͷƤ顣ÿӶҪ

־Ŷˣ⼸ʲôԲˣȫҺš
衣ͻȻڡ

һ衱æվʣô־Ҫʲô

áɣ̫̫ˡ־
˵ʲôɵûˣˣҸô죿һѱһ־ٳһţֻҪŵ죬˵ͻˡˣǧ

־ȴҡͷ
Ĳٳˣÿһ춼ţֻܸʹʴÿһ鼡ȴΪ

ƲöӾôȥһֱҺֳʮ󣬺־ţ漣ҪˣѾҽ˵ޣӻţ˵ϣ
Ϊˣϧȥ.Ѫҩ

־ȴһţܳԶܼͬʱҪʹĥ
ڣ־ݵֻʣһƤ

Ҷ˵־ûʱΪȣҲû뵽־ܳô졣
־ŵԽãԽ⡣Ǻ־ǰʹȫ־

ʱ䣬ҶķӴɨɾȻ˳ȥ
ԼûסΪϵĵе룬Ҷ⣬÷ѧҲԶ

ʼҶˬġ
־ʱˬˡ
ûк־ͷ󻼣ûк֮ǡ

־ҶûгϯֻøŮȥһˡ

ں־û죬ηɱˡ
ϢҲǽ÷ɷ˵

û˺ηͺ־Ժܳװˡ÷Ц
Ҷͷ˵ǣⶼ챣ӣμҵĿຣ
ĺӣںͷأ÷ˣڵϰ岻ˣ˵ҪҪ棿

Ҿò̸ڵģǿ̺ȽԶͷĵ档ҶڿβĵطͷҲи棬ߵûҪͬһط󡣡

÷룬ͷ˵öԣģ

˵ɾ͸ɣȥ˵档
Ƕܸɵˣĵ棬ܿͲ졣
ΪྭӪһӣǮҲˣڶͰ涼

֮Ҷͽ÷ҵ⣬ֱҵҪؽ
Ҷһ浽Ǯͷӡ
ʱŷװ⣬棬׷ӡ
ΪҵֲǨµ棬ַʮ䡣

÷Ҳ˲ǮȻûҶ෿ȴҲ档ȻҵҪ£ԼҲˣô꣬װˡ
˳֮ǰķװ꣬˵Ժշͺá

Ҷû̫ҰģҲţµ̳Ǻ֮һԼװʣµʮһ䶼˳ȥ
ÿµ𣬾롣
ķװ꣬ԵϢע⡣

ֱ÷׶ѧʱҶµķѾʮ
Ǯ˾ȥӣ棬һֱг̨޹صߣҶͣ²
ӵķѾԺȲӡ

ҶĴ£ҲǮ򷿣ȻȲҶ෿ȴҲ׷ӣӹ÷ǳ

ںμңҶںη󣬱ûô˵μҵ¡
һ˵ŮҺũҩҽԺȵ¡˵Ůɫܲ˴̼ũҩȻȹȴҲ˵θһȥˡ

Ҷû˵μҵ£ҲĺμΡ
סİƽĸߵСÿ񣬴÷Ѿ׶ѧҲɼ죬Ůġ
ȥΣʱߣҲõǮÿµķòꡣ
Ҷڣңعһ


ҶٴʱоԼ˯˺ܾãصʱչ֣˷ܵشʱղ

߳ʱշ漴
ȥͬǶΧ˹ڸơ

˾߳ȺЦòãϲҶԲÿһ񡣡
Ҷɣ˵ҲΪԼơ

˾ֵһɾŸ񣬰ʱչֵĽƶȣԻýǧʱձңǮѾʵʱʣʹáͬʱְ㣬ӵиĹȨԺʱ㽫Ϊʱչֵĺġ
ллĸҲڴõδ

ҶԼĵ˻ȷϵ˺󣬿ĵصҲܸл࣬ԺһŬԲ
ǧʱձǱʴĿʹ׶ǧ򷿣ҲֻҪǧʣµǧ㹻ҶϺһ

˳񣬻ְ֮࣬Ҷݼ١
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