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ڹҶΪԼҪӢźԼС첲Сȣꡣ
ĩ٣жʮꡣ
սľڿҿҺŮ˶ʮѺĩٵڵˡ
죬ƽ˾ʲôûз
˹ͷĹҶֱ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬲ŷϣΧ໴ɥʬ
ôңôһԭ㣡
ҶŮ
Ҷιȥǰ㻹ҸףҪŪң죡Ҫһ˰ɡ

2һҪϡ
Ҷ޿䣬µһɥʬ
Ҫϡ
ҶϿķ羰治
ʮҪϡ
ŮӦҵǱˡ
ҶҪԼٶȱȽϿ졣
ݱǩ ж ֮ ĩ 
ؼ֣ǣҶ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ӣ˵õĸα
⣺ǿӵԼ


1 
ߵ룬ԽɽϿһˡǰʱͺѧĳԽɽֵ϶˶µˣ˷ǹÿ˵ԺķҡڣԽɽֻܿһһĳˣȴڹѣǾ35ꡭ
Ʈ϶Źĵ,˳ŶյĺԽƮԽԶƮǧ򻧣ҲƮԽɽСѧ
ΪѧУԽɽСѧĽѧ¥λõĳǱ꼶Խͣѧ¥ԽλãУŵǴһ꼶ѧ¥ɫͻɫĽǽϻ˿ɰСǣǴΧȹװͱ㣬ŴŹȹСŮˣ
꼶ʦͷ۵ľιסѧȥǽͿѻ
ֻǽѾµͿѻ
ԭܰɫİɫСܿɰӱǴƬѪҺŹȹСŮͷ­һƬɫڸסˡ
ЩͿѻΧ̨ԣһȿֺˡ
ΪǵһƯŮӣֵɫҲûнòΪС
ŮӾǸոĹҶ
֮ǰһûɥʬ˶·ԲȰ˵
֮һжˡ
Ҷۿһ߰Сɥʬ߰ʮɥʬȥԼȲȥ˿ûʲôϰ׵뷨
ҶڲǱ˶ˣһ治ϸʱġĻǴ𼸾ɥ
ϧǣû
˿̣۾·˵ˮͷһ£ŵĲʪˡ
ΪʲôᱻϣΪǸעĶŮ䡣
ҶСͻԼǲвΪԺļǴԽһĩС˵
ǣⱾĩС˵ŮĶŮ䡣
С˵ҵŮµġʦݺŮŮڻ֡ʦΪѧڳɫڻŮɥʬȺ
һµҶʾҪᶨԼֻжûдԽԺļֻġ
ΪԺⱾĩС˵ľ飬ûκԽ֮ǰ䡣
С²˵ǴԽˣ봩Խǰʲô֣ʲôЩܸаɡ
ԺûЩ䣬еֻǱĩС˵ľ飬żһķ䣬Ǹֻһ̨ԡ
ÿ仭ʱҶܸܵǻɢޱ޼ʵļį
ùҶôԸǴԽĩС˵ֻƽճ
˴ԽжҲܽԺֵļ䣬Сϲ룬ҷֲʵ顣
˭˵ҪԼŮģ辶ڻﵱŮġŮɺˣñҳǽǸʱ֪Ůǲᱻҳǽǻᱻˡ
Ҷͱᶨֱ꣬ײ˸°ھӡ
Ǹھ߸һСŮȥرĸŮڴɨ
£ȥֻ
Ҷ˲ȥôĸôŮģֻ֪֮ǰڶȻˣܲ°ھӽʲô뵽ɣ
һ㶼롰ϸھҵ
ΪʲôҪͲóܵظ
ڲòԼǴԽ˵ʵ󣬹ҶŬˢŮĺøֵȻһСС⡣
ǸССĩȻˡ
񻹼ǵһ׼Ѽ˺ͽ´ȥĩʱȫĵطΡ
ɼĩ죬壬ƽ˾ʲô鶼ûУΪڼ˹ȥ
ֻǼӺ󣬲˹ȥͱ˹ȥΪĩΪˡ
뵽Ҷ˲ԶǸϵŮӣǿԭŲһһµ̱ˡ
ǸŮӾǽ¡
ҶԼϺˣĶȴ˽±
ҰȥģñɥʬȺң𣿡
Ҷ͸ɬˣС˵ŮĺڻȷʵΪŮƽɥʬȺԼʲôûиɣ˵ŮɥʬȺļ䣬Լĩٵļ䶼ûС
˲ԽԽҶŰ겻ЦȻǣһ䣺£ûģ
ȵȡҶԺðһֵ뷨ûУΪŮ಻ͳŮˡ
µɥʬȺŬţһһ뵫ûץȾˤȥԿǶһ룬ɻվ࣬˵ɥʬҲ˲٣ۿҪظȥʹܽӴˣҶŵڶѣ˹ȥ
ڹҶιȥͬʱԭϵĽǰ˼һЩϸ΢ջ˽Ų
ӺһװӴӽ˳ϵװЩɥʬϴһ˿ȥʱ򣬾ΧǾ߽ʦɥʬһֻһ࣬һɥʬ
㲻ȥ𣿡Ц˵пʱ롣
ۿ˵ӣѶԷƵԾ졣
ô޶Եؿ˿ʮӡ
ʮҶظֱε״̬ΣһѾʧȥʶ嶼ٶˣۿžһϸľͲһˡ
Ŷˡ
س˲ڷذףҫ۵ĺΧ˸·°ķɺڻ⣬ɫĵ̺˳ŵذ建̾ͣȴΪ̨˼ᡣ
ӣеɥʬϡ
ͨ˵ɥʬǺɱģҪôɥʬҳ࣬Ҫôøպûɥʬ㡣ÿɥʬ㶼ڲͬλãЩλֻ߿Կ
һΪǸʥĸƽɥʬȺ㻹ߣû롭Ϊ¹ơ
ֱ߽ѧ¥һҡ
ڽ뿪ɻڹƣƵڿյϻصţ¶һ˿ص΢Ц·϶ѣ»Ƿİ
ѧ¥ŵĴʾӡ
ӵ˵룬ǧ˳ĬĳĬ֮ȫʱ
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ھĬ֮ǲԶһŻسǿڣǰĬ֮ǵð߷׷״˷ƷĴ˳ǿڵıУ̹Ȼغͼ˸𣬳ǰĬ֮ǵг·ֻǳȥɢ
Щɫƽ͵ðУһ཯
߶µش£Ҳ봩ʵѾûгˣٲ񣬸湱ֵؾҪϳȥˡڻؿûйֵ࣬ɥʬоֵ
ڽ˵Ѿ˳ĩ꣬ĩһпᡣ
ϣϢģӦƭǸˡȥĬ֮ǵ·ϣͣػԼ̽Ϣ
ڳĬ֮ǣӵ˵ȫģҲΪʲôѡʱΡʱΣĬ֮ǵɥʬ֣з·ĩǰһ㰲ȫû֪Ϊʲôû֪Ϊʲôɥʬ˳Ĭ֮һ
ع׵ϣֻгĬ֮ǵɥʬʱ͵صơ
ÿʱ򣬽ͺҵһŻأҪ֪һŻصճռɥʬѪҺصճطߣҪȥأɲܻ쵽ڡ
һŻʶ˶ôڵģʵԭҲܼ򵥡ڣһ£Ǹɵһ֧SɥʬѪҺܣSɥʬѪҺֵܹߵڻعꡣ
ϧǣûټǸɵˣȻҲȥðա
ڽϧУĬ֮ڵˡгϵð߶ؽУԷɢȵгʻԱгʱ򣬿յϾֻʣһˡ
ҧӿȥֻ֪гʻԱķһ˿
ŴͬðԸĽ֪ķɥʬȺܼԽɽ֡
гʻԱûΪѾǳĬ֮ǡ
Ĭ֮ǵĵһ򣺳Ĭ
˴ԼʮӾͣպվԽɽСѧУſڣҳ濴һۡ
̾͵ĺ̺ѾӵԽɽСѧУſڣŵýȶˡ
ȥⰵɫԺηѾƽڻ꣬ΪѰĩجΡ
35523գӵաӶͷðĻǽϵİɫһ
ԽԽңһУһЩôڵͲôڵȴӻеˡ죬ƺЩôڵΪɥʬƺӵвôڵΪߡ
𣬱1ꡣ
ڻŵ˵7ꡣ
ڡˡ˵Ǿ35ꡣ


2 
ܣܡֻŴߴŽȥҵĽŲڼžУ԰Ե÷
һЩԭںڰг˯ɥʬã̧ͷȴֱǿסٴޱߵĺҹС
ܵСѧĹվ̨ϣվ̨ͣһ̨ĳԵŰ֣ȻûϽ˽ȥյСռȡЩοԼ⣬۾
ѣǾ35ꡭ
ͻȻһһرߣֱڽ򿪳ǰѾڹˣָŽ򿪳š
ﲥŵ仰ʵԽϲĵ̨ĿĿףϲȫ඼ӦĿ
̨ĿĩǰÿԽԽﲻɻȱıֻ֡ǲ֪Ϊʲǫ̂ͻȻٴγڳĬ֮
·˽ԺĽԼھ35꣬ųŵ̨ĿͶȥСѧѧ
ʵִ־˳ţǣһſղŷԽɽСѧȥ
߹˰ߣ߽Уţߵ̨ǰ
ڣ۾
̨һƬѪԽ̨ɥʬʬѵԽߣЩѾʬˣֻһ̲࣬ЩɥʬԼӸߴ׹ġ̨Χɥʬøɴ࣬Ҳܸıǰı顣
ǵ۾ĿЩĽ˼Լô̲סŻ
һҪõSɥʬѪҺܣҲҪ뿪ˡӶһݵĽȫˣռЩɥʬѪҺ˵Sɥʬ
ͨ˺;߶ԣֻаɥʬѪҺõоﻯ飬֪ܵɥʬĵȼֻߣֱĿɥʬĵȼ
־У԰ȥѾʶ⡣˵ָҪ뿪У԰ʱֻͷˡ
ŵĹҶ
ȻǹҶڵĶˣƲסԼϲֱӺ˹Ҷ֡
ɺϵǣһ̣ϵĹҶҲˣ˫۾ѲУ԰
ͬʱޱߵĺڰħǸܵһǿ־˲ѹԭǵǾϲشӺڰѣѪ˼ԭǵֻܷһε̾Ϣ
ڲǻ˵룬ôôɥʬ֣ɥʬǳ嵽ǰʱͣһ꼶Ľѧ¥ߡ

ܻŻȥʱβٰȫҲֵٹֵǷĽ뷨ԺǰҶSɥʬѪҺ͸ʱĻ棬ǸҶ
һ꼶ѧ¥ǽɫˣǽҲǸȹСŮ
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һȺڷĿͽæĽ½ͣɸ޹أҲ֪Ϊʲôʱɥʬ֡
º˸ղһֱڽѧ¥ϢΪ֪ǰȫʱΣǲʱ̹ע棬ȵʱѾˡ
ýˣ¿˵
ôҲͷʾһΰɣҪ뺦㣬Ҳôͼɥʬ˱Թ
²ڻˣֻЩɥʬ˵ģǳͼҲǳֵ˷ܡ
˿Ĵ۵жӲԴ֪͸֧ȵı֡
ȻӵеԸͬܵĺĶߵ־ߵļҲǸ־ǿжģ־ԽǿʹܵĴԽ࣬ɥʬҲԽɣ־ǿʹܣͻᱻܷɡ
ĩڵĽ±κ˶ҪǿʹôܣҪֱӱˡ
ϾݴһεӳɥʬȺ飬ԳƵ췽ҹ̷ˡ
ԼôɥʬȺģֻǵǸµļһǰԶһƬѪ
ȵѪɢȥѾվһƬյϣһƬµѪʣµܻסһˡ
ҲΪʲôԸ·϶ѵԭ¶Էɻý·ЦֻҪ࣬˵Ը⵱Լ࣬ҲԸ϶ѡ
ȼ߻֪һЩĻġ
ΪʲôǸԼƽɥʬȺļһΪԼԼǸһԼɥ
¿ϵǸˣǸԭ类紵ɷף˫ԶԲԪ۾رš֪˫۾ˣҲֻľ֡
ô˼ļһ꣬һοҶǸֺõ飬ôˡ
ʱĺ߹ҶǸֺõʵ̫޴˴Ĵˡ
ȷʰеͽ󣬽¾ֱЩɥʬʬ壬һ·ȵ̨̨ϡ˫ɫĳͲѥûմκѪҺϴĺɫһࡣ
Ҷʱǻûȫ۾Զصɥʬʬ壬Žǰȥ
µĽŲ·ڰУҶȴʵʵزɥʬʬϣȵֵĴھѹҶʱѾѪ
ҶսгһʣµЩͱȥڷιȥļ϶ٴλһС˵飬ûдĻԽǣڵĳĬ֮ǡ
С˵ŮɹҵҲŮ֮ء
ڹȥĶʮҶΪ˳С˵飬رŬȻҲԽǵС
еʱƽҹԽϢ̼ŸʽĻעĿ¥ߵʥϹɫＴɴʥȡҶվʥ£ǷˮʥժȡЩļֵùҶʲôк֮ʲôвҹ֮ǡ
ʱĹҶ޷ԺᱻĬ֮ǡ
ڡҶϿľҹ֮վѲ˲ӦڵĳĬ֮ǡ
ָǵĹҶŬҵմȾѪҺĿ϶һŬĽ˲ʬϣ͸ղһزȥ
Ӻ󣬹Ҷ̤˸ɾĵ棬ǷݵʵʵڵĴø̻ص˹ҶԿ϶ھԲǽ¸׵ˡ
ΪһϡӭƮûзԼϵϴŵľС˵ĩƵķڴдŴġ7Ʒ
С˵ŮƽɥʬȺʼڻҲĩٵĵꡣ
ԣ7꣬Լȱĩٺм䡣
֪ʲôΨһ֪ǣѽƵɥʬȺ
һк󣬹ҶֱɥʬȺﲻˡ
⵽ʲôǹɣ
ΪʲôԶʧȥ˹ؼ䣬ûдԽǰ䣬ûĩļ䣬ͷ·˹С˵ľߡ
ôŬҲҪС˵ԭ顣
ĩ죬ż˺ͽȥĩʱȫĵطΣĩˣ붼֪϶ǻصңĩˡ
ʧȥ꣬õķ룬ԼΪĳЩȲѵԭѽƽɥʬȺ
ķ룬ǸҶͲԼһֱ˯ꡣ
ΨһֵҵǣС˵ԭ鲻ͬ³Ҫĥ˼ӳɥʬȺʱʱˡ
ˣˡ
ڻЩȶʵʲô壬ڿ
ֻûüȴֱȽһֵĳ
ѧ¥Ǳµֳ̨¸ӿ£˵̨ƬѪĻǽѧ¥߾ѪˣΨһľһߴµʬ塣
ҶԺһðС˵ԭĵ䡣
Ǹ˴£˿ſЦֿڰ¾ȾǸձѱѵĽҲκһࡣ˺ܿͱӿɥʬȺûˡ
С˵˽ԳƵǽµĵڶΡʦ³һźڻԾ֪ˣҪȥƭȡµɥʬѪҺܣڻĽһۿ˲ԡ
Ϊʧ䣬ҶǵԼɥʬѪҺܣǼǵãķӦҲֻһ
Ȼ˭ҲѲˣҲˣҲҪˡ
ϱʱҶǴ߸˵񾭾Ѵһ¶ˣ¶˴׳񾭽档
룺ɥʬʧȥǵʬ壬ɥʬʬʲô
ӶĹҶһӾƽо˿۹ⶼһˣһǸ˹ɥʬ϶ð̹⡣
æµķȥȴ˽Ĩǿҵ̹⡣
ǸɫһǺƽɫ


3 
һ룬Ҷ֪ˡ
ѪҺɥʬĺ˹Ҷ
壬Ŭֱס۾ѪҺȴôɾɥʬѪҺѪҺǲͬģɥʬѪҺ޷ζУʻִŵľ
ɥʬصڵϣ޴Ҷſ˲֪ʱվɥʬ󲢸һĽ£ҲѪǲȥˮһĨŹҶЦ
ǸЦùҶͣһ롣
´СͲʲôˣ˶ӡǽǸС³깤󣬴ҶӡҲһŮӣƯرڡ
һж͹ҶС˵ǰ벿ǺϣǲС˵ĺ벿
С˵ôģĩ淨һֱϵǲԵɴͱ˺ˣǾ׵طִӳĬ֮ǻĽ²Ǹƽӣǡ
ǰÿ飬Ҷ̲סȥµգֻ󵽽⡣
ˣҶС˵Ǿָǽǿǣذ׶ܲˣܲ
Ҷȫû뵽һ⡣
ȷʵǣ˫۾񺮴ı飬մѪɫӷ·˿ڱɽʢõ壬Ҫժõ壬ȳں֮С
ҲȷʵǿǣɱɥʬܸϽذ͸ˡ
ҶֻɫƻһӣͱǰذȥעϾڿɲյʱˡ
ǽʲôϵ
ҶͻȻһ飬ǾûдӦ¡
Ҷû»ףһֱΪȫô򣬽²ԸһøС
¸׵ʱǾϲģΪζȫ˽⽭¡
աաա
صĽŲѹҶ˼ڣЩЦȻ˼ѾʧȥĴ𰸣Ҫɱ￴Ľ¶òؽŲˡ
ΪһֻҶԼķǳ֪֮
ȻϵĴ󲿷ʱ䣬ʶģģԺﻹǲһЩ³ֵĲӰġ˵ɱһɥʬˣɱʮɥʬµ϶մһѪ˵ôصĽŲˣ¸ղɥʬʬ߾ڰУŲǹ˭Ű
ιȥü𣿡Žذ׳ԼƣҶŬԼιȥϧ˵ûлٶˣκʱҪѡ
һ飬Ǿɫһǲܳñϵɫ
ܿ죬¾վ˹ҶǰǰƯذڹҶǰƯĹâɥʬǰһ
ҪˣҪˣ
Ҷûü¶ֵı飬һЦһ䣺Ϊһô򵥵ȥ
ذ׻صķټ䣬ץסҶ죬СèһѹҶѧ¥ȥ
ҶһĮı鵹Ǽʱˣ˹ƽ״̬ţҪˡҪˡ
˵õĺڻĩŮ籾أ
һΪʲôŰŰ籾
ǸͶŮȥĺڻŮ
ܰʥĸŮĻ͸ˡ
Ҷȫڱ˲ʶ飬Ǿܸ˽⽭¡
ͷβ¾ڵԸ񣬾͸С˵һپԵαװֻԼıġ
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ԽɽСѧĽҵͨĽҲ࣬ûʲôװֻǰڷΡ
ҶڵǼ֮ǰģؿŽ˿˽ȥֹţȻͷҲص뿪ˡ
û˽ﻹǰӣҵĺڰϻдŵļͥҵдִͱйʫüҳǩ֡
ҶʱͥҵҲˣÿҵҪüҳǩ֪֡ͬѧôģ趼ԼǩΪõڶļҳǩǩ
õһļҳǩǽµİǩ
Ϊǰ಼õҵࡣ
˵ҶİǷʽѧǽµİʽѧ
Ǿѽһ˶ڼﲻܣҲʲôǮǵŮûǮûʳôȥ
ּҳҵǩԹҶͽ»ЩҵǩÿζǹҶǩġ
ȻҲ㲻׽µ߼ΪʲôǩֿԣԼͲУǼٵģʲô
Ϊҵİ衣µĻشÿҲһ仰ϵҲùҶʮֲ⣬·˵ܸı
Ҷ˶ϵĻҳȥ򿪳ҳһĽ̲ĿҲûʲôֻš
С˵ŮûܵģҲΪʲôһʼˢºøжȵԭղҲŬһ£ϹȻûмʲô
ÿߵܷͬų桢ˮ׵ȳܵߣиַǳԵߡ
ǱС˵Ľĩʱÿ˵ִǾܵʡ
С˵û˵µִʲôҲûϸʲôֻ˵ܹһذס
ôͬߵкͨ˲ͬһ㡣
ĿǰΪֹҶûҵͨ˲ͬһ㡣Ҷ֮ǰ̹⵱Ϲ̫ãò۾̫ƣͲĻ
ҶⱾ̲ĺʱѾͬˣĿҲ˴룬һƪ»š
ƪǡҵİ衷潲һСŮΪ̰ҹ͵ҽԺĹ¡
ƪºͨҶ֮ԻǵΪһθ´ǩļͥҵƪĵġ
Ǹͥҵܼ򵥣Ǻ͸ĸһʶеĶԻ
ҶԺﻹܻʱľָſĵĶԻ˵˵аְ֣
һֵתŴ˶Ի
뵽⣬Ҷ̲סס۾굽׸ʲôһ度Ҳصꡣ
ڹҶʱҲߵҶԶǼҡ
߽ҺԭֱһиҪֳſ˶Ҫ̱ڵء
֮ǰɥʬѪҺǲҰ׵ݣûùҶĲԾ
ǸϮҶɥʬͼɥʬǵʱǿƲסܡ
Ѿʼˣ·߲ˡ
ǿ־ŰѹҶǸȫķġ
ǾԲùҶԼӵģҲԸҶᡣ
뷨ǳڷҶհԼƽɥʬȺĵˣǳڲΪ˵ĹҶۣǽԼҲ
ʹѾﵽˣоԺʹˣȲͯʱƵĸױ
ôʹʲôظ䵱길׿˵ĻһҪȥȻǸһҪ򵥵ȥˡ
ԲǸһôȥġ
ιȥʱԺֻʣ仰


4 
ҶĽ̲ķ˸飬óѧ̲ļһԼ̣СѧѧȻֲ˹ԼⱲӶ㲻ţԲ⡣
ĩˣӦҲûпִţԲ˰ɡ
ડ
ùҶѧ̲ĵֽӲ֪һţԲݸֲ⡣
֪ԽɽСѧ˺ɥʬ¿϶ţڣôŵ˭
ҪôǽǸİˣҪôɥʬ
Żǲ
ڹҶԥʱڳţԭһƬУ԰Ե÷ͻأ
Ҫ֪ǳĬ֮ǣζս
Ҷûԥˣ߾ŵֵ䣬ԣȻٴ򿪴š
վǰĹȻǽߵǸİӣŵֻ߾ڰУ͹ҶҪ˵ңӦ
ãˣ²𣿡˵ᣬϻЦݡ
ҶֻϿ˵Ĵ³࣬ڽ۲죬ŷ˳̫ÿˣݺÿȴܵҶĲ졣
ΪʲôһȫɢŻɫĹâ
˵Ӷǻɫϣһﵽװ˶ٲܰѻɫ󻯡
ҶǺεĲ̲ס΢ЦȰŹϣȻʵǰ𣿡
Ҷ˼ֻץסԱߵĵӣشûС
㿴ҵΪǰٴμ˺ƵЦݣǰҪô¶ֵ飬Ҫô¶ҵɫԲǹҶֵı飬ֵı·ʲô̬ɫħ
ӲЦùҶǿ侲ٴοʱɢĻɫâʧˡ
ѵҵܣҶ֪ξԲǻþˣеϢ̫٣ȫжϲԼܵ
Ҷǹ飬Ž⡣
Ĭ֮ǲڹϻ˵ģֻҪ̫Ͳɥʬ
ʰֳֽǲˣǣҪ֪֮ǵļƻ
ǰ·СµģСһԵáûнС㣬ҾΪݺɥʬȺˡ
¶Խµĸм֮飬ֻǲ֪ΪΣҶܾɸм֮͸һӵ壬·ڿһݼԱ̨ϱݡ
ˣûͽСʲôϵ
ŶҲǰհƽɥʬȺ㲻֪𣬻ʲôҶһ̹ȻػشֻҪ̹εľͲ
ȵȣǹζʲôζˣ̲ζ
׺󣬹Ҷ۾ˣǵһμ̲裬ɱŰŰ籾ÿˣǳڴݡ
Ȼע⵽Ҷı仯ĸ㲻ǰŮˡ
ˣһŮҲ㲻ף˻ŹҪԼ׵ġ
֮ǰΪҪѹҶĥŹŵһɥʬҪûı
ڿӲŽǾɥʬʲôĥӲˡ֮ǰ˹Ҳڷбϻȫĵط
ʼԼͽӵѡǷȷ
ҵټ΢ЦˣҲʲôαװҲ͹Ҷһóһѧ̲о
ҶȻЩϧӿһЩС˵̷˶̲ݵڴ
ΪڻŮִ壬Ĭ֮С˵򵥵ɥʬС
ΪĬ֮ɥʬ߲˺࣬ɥʬڳĬ֮ڹ̶ʱɥʬ˯
ǳĬֹ֮ɵ
Ǹɥʬߵ֣ͽˡ
ˡ
С˵ڳĬ֮Ǿ˺ѷεźҶǰˣŨŨ
һʵ̫ˣֱҪҡ
׼ʵĩ٣ĩˣҲ֪ȥˡ
ĩǰˢŮøУĩøбɸġ
Щ˵ֵһᡣ
ΪɥʬߣҪǸо˿̹ҶעӣͲڳĬ֮ǻˡ
Ѿ˼Ů˵뷨ǲףΪʲôһҪôµ
һòᷢʵСѧ꼶ѧⶼɣ
һʱ䣬εУһֱ»صҡ
ע⵽»Ȼˣ̷еѧ̲ģϰԵذڳ̬
Խһʱľ˵ȥˣҺܵ㡣
ĿαĹҶǳϵ˵ǵģܵ㡣
֪˵ʵݺǶѵĴ׳񾭣Ҷ˳İȫС
µɫǺ֮ǰһ԰ףϵĺ֮ǰǿңҶϵĻشЦˣֻЦⲢû͸۵ס
ҶϾͽ˶ʮѣڷһ̱죬װڿϵĽ̲ġ
һҳǡҵİ衷
Ҷϣ³ԴùҶǳİȫһӾɢˡ
ҵİ𣿡
һԲ֪Ƶؿԣôˣ
ҶȻµİ裬ΪµİѾˡ
˽³һ졣
һ캮ضŴ꣬µĸ׾ؼңһŲȿյ˺
µĸѵȥҲؼҵɷȴ¥ˤȥ
ôɺֿɱ⡣
ַھӶԷֻЩֻĽСŮԺôֻйҶ֪ûԸĸֻøá
Ըĸȥô꣬⻹ǽµһǰǡ
Ҷ֪ˣԼϵʱҪȫ׽µΪʲô
Դɴʹýʱŭûлָ뾡ѹҶһŻء
һ紵˹ҶĲϣһͱ´ˡ
뿪صء
ڽµ˲ûκεͽӱΪȥһŻء
ĩȫؽ˲ٵĻأЩعģдСصҲҲͬ
ĩڣԽΪɥʬҲģԽ࣬һŻصĹģҲǱȽСġ
һŻظĳĬ֮ǱȽ⣬һŻزܲдôꡣ
ΪһŻصԴ࣬ҪһŻأҪһŻԭеĳԱƼͨزԡ
ȻBϵߵĻҪԱƼҲֱӼ롣
֪Լ⣬Bϵݼ룬ֻý
Ϊʵ̫ˣ±ŹҶû߼ǾѪǼֱŹҶ
ԴˣֻܾԼɵӵתͷС
ΪʱĿߣվϣʶҲܿеÿ䣬ɥʬ׷䵥ͨ࣬Ҳ׷ɱɥʬջʶ
Ҫ뿪ˣϣһ죬ܹû


5 
Ĭ֮ǵǿڣͽгͣ
ÿһŻطĬ֮ǵгһΣһ6:30ڶ12:30һ18:30ÿεгǿͣСʱǰһŻء
ΪĬ֮ǶɥʬĽһŻأг˾ʲôΣְҵ
һŻصг˾ҲͨˣǴ͸֧ȣ޷ʹܵǰߣг˾ĸнˮʵǶЩΪ׵ǵĲ
˾һǰߡ
ϵֱ1115֣ٹһҪصˡ
ĩǰҲǸеģʱڿɲһʱҪ׼ʱ׼㣬ڷӣٸӶν
ѡټӣܶһЩ˻ȥͶһЩ˻ȥ
ĳ˿ҲҲĩһ꣬ˣҪȥˡ
ĩٺĵһ꣬Ǻ޲һ쵱һÿ춼񾭱úܽÿ˶һ
⼸굹ãȻҲزԭҲûôĵˡ
ҪٸĩӹӣɥʬûɱˣԼҪԼˡ
Ṇ̀һµġ
֮ǰû룬ĩ̡ܳ
̶Ҫ˰ɣϽ˰ɡһг˵
¸·ĵٳ飬ջô
ɣͲɼһ֧ɥʬѪҺܡתͷ۳ᣬȥӦö˰ɡ
ǰųﻹŵǸλãͲǸˡȻôϲһܻϣƽġ
ֶӲ׼ڳſҪرյʱһǡü˽
ڸˡΪĬ֮ǵɥʬߣȻǵгķʱ䡣û뵽ĩһصĸϲϳ·Ͽ񱼡
ߵĽµǱһƽֻɫΧ޷ƽ
ӣû°ɣ
һϳʱͷ
͸֧ǰǻӵĶԱĶӳǽ¡
Žһִй񣬻ɱAɥʬ
ֻǵʱΣյҲûп⸱ģӼֱ͸֧ˡ
Ϊ͸֧˳ʱӾѾSˡ
޷ʲôS͸֧ܡ
û£㷢ɡ
°ѱϵĹҶǸյλϣֱߵгĲ̨ԣĽ֪ͨо
֪ԼǸӣȷǸǵķӣȥġ
г뿪Ĭ֮ǺһصӰԽɽСѧſڣǸ˽ԭ췢ˡ
ѣǾ35ꡭ
˸ɥʬǷ׷뿪ԭĵط߽ԽɽСѧЩɥʬ
Ҷʱû۾̽һ£ȷԼûбϺ۾
Ҫ֪֮ǰһ۾Լ¿յģԼ¥߲ƽ㱻ŵҪعͯꡱ
ˣǿҪˡڹҶԱߣ۾ͣгķ羰ϡ
ҪߵˣƽĳỷùҶһǲֻصĩǰĴ
쵽һŻˡ
˵Ļ䣬гͿʼ٣ֱͣȡ
˶ȥҶȻе£Ҳ˳ȥ
һŻصڱȽСһֻһͨСȥÿ˶óһſƬڵĻˢһΣŴբšԱţҲӲĿܡ
ûпƬʧƬˣȥԱߵǼǣǻ˴ĵȺҽвԻߺ˲ݡ
ûмĹҶȻ֪Щһֱʵʵڽµ󣬿ŽºԱߵ˵ЩʲôԵ˵ȤڴŻء
ӣ߰ɣһæչ˵ġڽϵоѾ֪ʲô½ﵢȥˡ
³˼Ƭ̣ѡ뿪ӿϵѪѾѹסˣص˻أҶһôҲûйϵ
ΪҶһͱϣûôԽµڻûзֹҶûĩ⼸ļ䡣
뿪ٶ̫죬쵽ҶһգۣԭµλϾվһŰ磬˾Ʒӡ
ȥæˣҴȥμӻز԰ɡǰûмҶΪҶһҲصġ
شȺȥһ·˴½һһŻص
һŻغʹ󲿷ֻһʵйֵƶȡÿسԱÿҪ10ֵΪѣسԱǷµѣºǽɲѣôҪôѡ뿪һŻأҪôܻصǿ
صǿооʵΣԲߣǴ󲿷ֵĻسԱԸȥɱԼȥĬ֮ҲԸǿ
ڻصĹֵǰ׬ˣǲõģкܶճ׬ȡʽΪҶ˶ͨˣ˵
ǣ˿ͬĳ˿Ͷͬһ䡣
صĶ˵
ùҶ˶ˣ˭صĶڻڡ
ûüͣڵܱͨͻȻһ磬ŴһЦŭ
ӣ÷ܣŲˣ
ǣ
ŮԵŭ˷Χ۵ĹҶҶԼͷ˵ֲ֪ʲôʱҲ˹ҶͷҪͷ
Ϊ紵û߽ǷñӶˣ׷¶˺һķͣŮ
߳ǣïܵͷеıˣеֱӱ˵ϡ
ڲ֪ͣЩصĶǡٷ
ĩֻǿ߲ʵͷɣӵͷ㷢ġ˼ؽ͵ĩڵʱвʱɥʬץסͷΪ˰ȫҶ˴ͷ
⼸꣬ԴҲڻŪ˼ٷ
õľٷˡ
Сͷѽʶֿʼ²ҶǲҲǺͽһߡ
µģϾҪɼٵˡҶǺ֪֮ġ
ⳡ־ӵ˻˺þò»ָͨԹҶ˽ȺҲԵʱҪȥӹˡ
ҽ깤ͻȲԣģԺܼ򵥵ġ
һŻصĲԲ߸˶ͨģԵĿֻΪ˷ֹĳЩûɥʬء
֮ǰؾвߣܿûɥʬ˴롣
õ⻹ĩǰѧУӡõԾĩԴܲ㣬ЩĩǰԾԲ᲻ġЩԾһŻسõڣûõһ롣
ΪºĹϵҶȥԵӶԱҲƵ˵ģԾȥõģСѧ꼶ѧϴǵģãպ˸߿ѧҪ150ֵ60־ˣҲûЩ˻Ц˺þá
Сѧ꼶Ҷһ£ֻҪţԲݣСѧ꼶ѧ϶ġ
ˣǴɡӶԱ£Ծͱʵݸǡ
ҶԾ˶ġСѧ꼶װ澫⡱һţԲ⡣
˳˼Ըȥ߿ѧ¿60ҲǱЦѡǸԾֻǰֵӶԱһɥʬģ
滹һɥʬߣҶŤͷһԵˣһﶼɥʬˣһɡ
ΪӶԱڳҶֻԼͼŬҲûвǵģ²ŵľֲ
˾ԼĺܻŰ˵ԼSܾܲͲСѧ꼶ѧˡ
˵ʮˣʮֶò
侲侲˿һԹҶܱʼģ뵽˰취û뵽뿪Ĭ֮Ǻ󣬵һεʶΪ͵Сѧ꼶ѧĴ𰸡
Ӻڿ˹Ҷľ档
дţʦѧãҿ԰Ŀһ顣ôϿҵķϣǧҪˣСѧ꼶ѧⶼ
˿ֻ̣ˤʲɣصĬ֮ǵɥʬߡ
ҲھдˣʦҴСѧͲãÿοԶҪͬѧЦҳĩˣͬѧ֪ȥˣЩҸ޷˼ȫ䲻±ʣϣʦңҼɡǳлʦˡ
ҶдԾ󣬶ǳĬذԾ۽ӶԱӶԱҲûд򿪣ֱȥһԵĵǼǴֵʦġ
ֵ֪ʦ򿪾ӿʱʲô飬ӶԱ߹ҶˣͨˣڿԸȥƬˡ
֪ͨ󣬹ҶǳϿҵظ˵ѧá
ҶôΪġ
Ŭ¶ֵı飬شҲǡ


6 
ҶõǿƬʱûлӶԱһһŻؽָϾʹҴһص˸λϡ
˰ָϣ˳ˢ˻صբţҲ̤һŻء
һŻصǰԽǸСسǣȻԽкܽʩʮϾɣԽǿȥһ͡
һŻغҲû;ԻػʩģһŻصĽǱԭеķò
ԭеĽòҲص·صϸ͡
Ҷһ߳բžͱǰľһ
ֵŷһĽȺ壬ʽС¥ʽ¥֣żðСƽ
ҪЩȺҳͬĻǾǵĲ涼дһġ֡⡰дüã¹ô꣬˸ܵд¡ʱǵϲá
ĩ꣬ﱾҪǨģĩˡ
ŽȺǿһССԶ˸̯ӣһȥ֪Щ̯ʲôΪÿ̯ǰ涼һŴİֽдƷ
Ҷͽߵһ̯ǰ̯дţδɥʬѪҺܶʮֵָһٹֵٹֵ
ҶϸϸؿŵһУȷԼûпִָ֣ϣֵһҳָдŰɥʬѪҺܽأܹһ幱ֵ
ô˻ỨʮֵȥɥʬѪҺܣ
ǿ˹ҶɻԱһ̯İɣָֻǴԽһ¶һ̡൱ǰĶʯܹһ幱ֵCɥʬѪҺܣBɥʬѪҺܾܶһʮֵˣͷASЩ˾˵ԺͲðˡ
˻һתǧıҵƷڡ
Ҷæ̯λϰڵĶڿ˴룬Ϊ̯λϰڵһںڵļٷ
ɥʬѪҺ̯ܵһӣüۼԴһߵİ±ô˵Ҳûű⣬Ǵ̯λóһֽдĸ֡Ųš
ÿֵĹҶԥˣԱߵ̲סˣָָһԵĸʾơ
ʾдţܶԻггΣٶʮ̯λκƭ˿ͱһܣش˹ʾ
ǸɥʬѪҺ̯ܵλǶٶʮš
˿̣ٷ̯Ҳҵ¼֮ǰ¼Աһôƹ˿͵ģ˲ż
Ӻ󣬹Ҷͷۻش̯λ룬̫ˣҪֻµǼʱѷŵĶʮֵȻ˵Ļ
ȵȡɥʬѪҺʲôæ鿴ԼƬϵĹֵԭĶʮֵѾ㡣
ҪˣղġؿղôסҪ򡣡
ܡ˻𣿡Ҷ߶µ˵
Ǹ߰ĿӿپһֽǾֽĶݵĺӣϵ߰룬ֽȻдšŲ˻
ҶٴοɥʬѪҺܣð̹֮ǰ׼Ϯɥʬϵ̹⻹Ҫʢ
ҪˡҪˡ
صɥʬѪҺܶһֻĵ룬Ѿǹʱˡ
Ҷԭ˻֮ͺ˷ֿȻ֪С˵ĩͷŴˣȺڻǰĽ»ᷢů֣Լһж
ڡҶϣؿˣ˵֮ҲһӰɡ
ðˬشӦˣȻڹҶǰεͬɥʬѪҺܡ
ɥʬѪҺģҶʵڲԸԼĲ롣
һġ
㲻˵ҲΪʲô򣡡
Ŷţ־ᶨҲƻˡ̹˵
Ҫǲܱ¶Լ֪ݵ飬Ҷ󺰵һԿĬ֮ǵɥʬߣ˵Լ־ᶨǿʲôЦ
ǹҶ̫ɥæοġ
Ҷųսصɵӣбתͷ뿴һɵ˭ȻǸٷϰ͵ڵϣһ֧ϤɥʬѪҺܣֻ¼ֹͣϡ
ҶȻˡ
ùɥʬѪҺܣԼ֧һ֧̹ǿһЩԶٷϰ֧ȫûпκ̹⡣
Ҷ˴µĲ룬ɥʬѪҺܻˣ׼ڶȥһ֤һ롣
³ڣѾȥ˿СʱɫҲ䰵ˡȻֵԵ̯ӻһ֣ҶҲ˲ˣҪ˼һ½Ҫס
ԭƻȥҸСùݣָϵĽܣʮֵ㹻ڰһ͵Сùסһˡƻױ˹⣬̹⡣
Ҷָ׼ûвҪֵסһַǼҰ԰סСùݽܡ
깩ӦһͣƷСӡˮȡȣͺжɫƷ
ҶĶһӾͽһûнʳļӿԼ˵۾Ҫˡ
ɥʬߵѪҺ϶Sİɣ
˱ȫë׶ڽغͰʶų̽أ֮ǰĵ飬һŻֻSߣǻ϶ڻأŵʱҲĻᱻŵʶֱӱ˻
˲֪ʶǰĹҶǸŵߡ
ȥɡҶֻ˼ӣָ̻·˼ҳҵԼҵϢ
ָϵһҳдţսʱĳ̯λͣ˻ߵ̫ˣôƼȥһõط΢Ц
źָһ΢ЦҶǸνĺõطȥ
һ·ϣǷԽߣصĽԽִȫڴôͻ
ʵڴ̯ӴҲ̯ӣֻǲ֪ΪʲôҶǡþǸֵ̯ӡ
õطһСѧϸӳԽɽСѧͬСѧƾɵЩˡվ棬ܿѧ¥ǽϵĴשѾˣٳһƬɳܽܵûС
ҪУ԰ĻͳһǻΪɥʬϮʱѴשܽܵƻˡ
ſڵľһǽϵ©ˮµĺۼҵĴȶһأשͷģϵޱòӣƺһˡ
𣿡Ҷһ
ŵƵشӱСߵҵĵǼǴǰ
˵ɣ˼֧ɥʬѪҺܡﶼǶĶ
һ֧Ҷش
أ
Ҳһ֧
һᣬܿһȻģ˵صİɣ
Ҷɵصͷ
ҲĲŻֻһ֧
ѵǼǲݸҶǼǲѾŵ˵ڶǧŰٶʮţҶһ̳׵׵ƽˣҲˡ
Ϊÿ챻һŻ߹˵ĳĬ֮ǣÿɥʬҲǧҰɡ˱ƻʵ⡣


7 
ҶǼ󣬾صޱֻһ䣺ߣпλŰɣ˷ġ
ҶǾ뿪˾ѧУȥʮǰͬѧУĽѧ¥ȫ˵ƣȻƹ򰵣캮ضʱ򣬻Ǹһ̤ʵů⡣
Ҷȫûĩ˲ͬ˿У԰ĵƹʱ۾ʼˣĬ֮ǵҹԶǺڰŵġ
һ¥ϻһȦͷһ¥Ľﶼˣ٣ܶ࿴ȥǻμӡѪˡ
ѧ¥ĶҲͬˣں˵ָ£ѧУڲٳҵλá
˵λãʵֻǵذһǡ
ڲٳˣڲ֪İϣ˴һڵذϣҶľεضڴߡ
ͽѧ¥ͬڲٳĴ©磬Ƕм伷߲λøġ
Ҷһʼڴ߻ǶŵģŶˣɴˡ
ڼ䣬Ҳ˽ѧУǴǱѪƭйֵģǶΪ̫̫С׬Ĺֵʵڲؾ͸˸õ㣬ÿչӦͣǿȥ
õԭǲҶ˵ģΪѪƭ̫࣬ʱû취Ϊ˷ֹңֻʱҲס
һŻѾǲĻˡһޱعԼֻ¶Դ˵˵ʱðİںоþòɢȥĻǲУֵܸľʹȥľ͸ϳȥ
ĻܴȥҲҪĵɥʬͳĬ֮ǿɲͬΧǵġ
˵Ǳϣ֮ǺãĳԱùֵģøĩ֮ǰһ
ɽҪôAߣҪôĩǰз
û뵽ĩˣҪ˼ûз顣
˿˻ͷԱߵҲӶ˵˺ܶ顣
ҶҲǲһЩĩĻȻϣ֮ǵϢֱޡ
ż˺ͽȥεǸУڵϣ֮ǣϣ֮ʮ׷
ʲôأ
һŻ϶ˣϣ֮ˣڸϣ֮ǣֻŸշһͷ
õĻʳȻòȥڲٳ˶࣬ȵķ˷ÿͶˡ
ΨһùҶҵǣõ㲢ûгʳʵ飬ÿ˶ʵȡԼǷʳַʳӶԱר͸СӵǹҲûлȥ
ںǰ겻ͬˣ¿ˣһŻС󲿷˶ϣߵҲܻǻļʾ͸󣬲ʲôµġǸʼ˵˿˹ҶɻΪ
ǽǰôģҶҪ˽ϢĿհס
ǰ갡ΪҶ
ĩڵĵڶ꣬Ҳ2ʱһ֧Сسǡ֧ԭֻһ£ȥģͻɥʬ
ΪĸSߣǻһһɥʬΧǣֻһֱ޷ͻΧ
ʶ벻СسǺ󣬶ͿʼѼسеʣ˳פ׼
һפһ꣬;ǻ˲·ࡣ
ȵͻΧʱǲŷҪϵĳԱʵ̫ˣ޷ЩõǱӻͨࡣ
֧ĸS߲˷磬еľûбҪЩİ˸ΣеľֻԽ࣬ĩпܽ
ô˷磿ᵽĸSߵʱ򣬹Ҷ̲סһһµˡ
û֪ô˷磬ֻ֪һSǾ;ʽһŻء
ִﱻ˵ʱ򣬹ҶȻػ˸ˣһԵ˵һûС
һŻشڵʱ򣬻ﵹǾʵ飬Ƕѹˣʱӿɲô˵ʵ˶ǵնȥĬ֮ǣڳĬ֮ǵǿڡ
ҡ֣ҶȫӲĩôа˹
ʱӶӳǸŮӣȥģܱץôô飬ܲˡ
ǸӳʲôҶʵ
ֻ֪սʲôͲ֪ˣ˵һʼĸS֮һΪİ˲ѡġ
˻½Щ飬ȫڽܻˣڽĸSߵİԡ
˵Ǹ˵նӳǸˣ߲ŮϲǻΪֹ
ǸնӳһҲǸˡЦغ˽šȻôϲ
ҶЩˣ֪ǸĩһˣԱϲ̵˽ԼԻ伸ˡ
֪S֪Լڰ
SȻ֪飬Ҳû˼ȥЩ
һŻصоͨȻͬĴڻ
һŻذеĿ;Ͷ뵽оϣоܺȫĵط
ڴվоʵ鴲ԣ˿ȥƽʱûκβͬԵֻŴȴڲֵͣĻ
վվˣҪȥȿڵǸоף࣬Ҫ뿪оŸϹġ
Ҫؼһˡ
Ͳٻȥ
ܡ
㲻ؼҼС˰ˡ
áƽػشץһԵĺɫ£ֱӳȥһ׼ʱġ
վףSһԲؿŽ¾ô뿪ˡ
ȰȰףûԽֻܰѻϡ
ȰҲûðϾ˭Ҳ֪֮ᷢʲô
һ˷ĻףĬˣٴοѾǼӺ󣺡𣿡
ģֻԼԼʧȥܡ
µʱվվˣȴɼԼһߵǰκ˲
Ǻͽºô꣬ȴ·ֻʱĺѡ
ǽµĳ˴⣬ҲӦоϽġ
羭飬µ͸֧Ѿ޷ʹˡ
ооĳɹԽ͸֧⣬ڴ֮ǰѾкü͸֧߻ָܡ
ֻǶͬĸãǵܵȼ½ˣһЩ䡣
оΪΪܵĺ־͸֧ıߵ־ǿȳܳܵ޶ȣʹǵ־ܹܵķΧܵȼ½ˡ
һЩΪ־ĳϽִЩļܾǵִԴ
֮Ϊֻǰǵʱĺ飬ΪôˣҲ֪ܵľҪ˵ִܱʲôˡ
֮ף࣬ҪƣΪĩ죬ڲϣִκԼĲ
ڽ죬ڽִҪؼʱ˸µĲ²⣬Ǿǽµִܺİйء
ֻ֪Լ԰˵İʱŻ᲻һеҪټһ档
ףĩǰǳ׵һЩ
ѡ飬ҽ޷㡣
ѡҽİ⡣
ţյĳ֮ʱµİ齫
ҽٴζһ顣
ǳɷ羰شףʫУ˵˵ǲǴûмµİˣ᲻СֻһֻСèɣ
⻰һף඼ĬˣսǷģȷʵпܣʫǲǰˡ


8 
λϷһŻضرʪ䣬ԶĴ󲿷ʱߵӣصĴ϶ûˡ
һڿյĴϣɺ紵Ĵ°ڣƺȫܲȥĺɾ¹ƽϣԵ˶رĹ¼š
оסкܳһξ룬ߵξ㹻ع⼸͹ҶһĵεΡ
ǼһӦڴشɣܻӿյ̫ȡ
ΪһŻصĶߣ¼ʵĩǰûʲô
ԴŹҶһŻغ󣬹Ҷ͹˺ĩǰһҪһЩΪĩϰˡ
Եǰ죬ҶҪ´һȥĬ֮ǵʱ򣬽¾Ͳ˲ԾûоܾΪǹҶܲ˱ڻصˡ
һŻغ󣬽¾ͺùҶţҪ˵ùҶ뿪һŻˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ΪҶûܡ
֪¹ҶûܣҲĩȥҡ
ҷŵҶΨһԸɵˡ
ʱŹҶᶨ۾´Ӧ˴ҶȥĬ֮ǡ
ֻȫ׺ڳĬ֮Ƿ飬ȫΪʲôҶҪɱ
ⲻҪҲգҪɱҲգŵҶġ
ͣ½ŲŲԶļңĹҶصغΪ¾Ͳؼң϶Ҷġ
ΪҶǱʶκ˶Ҷڽµס
꣬Ҷһ磬ϵضÿʼ
¥ݣ򿪷Ĵţ׼ӭǷŴˣȴһƬڰ볱ʪ
ΣҶûл
*
ڲٳǻֵ˵˵ЦЦƹÿ˵ϣֹҲȺﴫݡ
Ҷȫ֪´ʱܵĴЩ֪롣
㣬ԡӵһСŮ
СŮϹһԲ޷ȴϴøɸɾƯ۾ִֵضŹҶ
ڵĻˮر𰺹ĶȹҶ֧ɥʬѪҺܻҪ
Ҷ֪СŮģҲ²졣
԰ɡҶӵݻظСŮ
СŮظ˵Ҫ͸㡣
ΪʲôѽһԵĴүʵ
Ϊÿ
ǸҾͲÿˣ˵
СŮؿһۣ˵壬ϲŮӡ
СŮĻشһԵ˶Ц
ĩѲ⣬οСŮ˵ϲֻǺӶﵥϲˡ
ЦУҶӡ
ӹ⻬Ƥ̲סһȥ´ʱĳ
ʱ뽭ҰҶҸѾһˡ
һҶ̨ϣҪ̨
ϧһ£ʲôû⿴ºܸɼˡ
ÿ磬¶Űʣվˮǰϴ·
ǰһͲι̣ÿΰʻζʱ򣬹ҶĽ»Ӱˤ
ȻŮˤٷְٱ§סĹ⻷¥Ǵȸ˲ɾȻȥȽ¡
ϴ·ͽˣٳǳȥˣÿ춼ˡ
һ£Ҷû³ҲҲκʱɴȸ¼ҵ̨
ȻҶû´ϻַ긾ŮİԾ˸ѽ¼ҵ˽ó׵ס
Ҷɵɵض̨ϴ·ʱѾڸϹ׵Ľĸ׵ֽˡ
Ϲþƺöģߣöһ⣬ȻⷢˡҶ֪ڷ⽲¡
ܷƵʲôʱܷơҶ˵
ϾϹҪǸ˾е죬͵һ£ֹȻǴҸ˵ԺϹ£Ͱŷʡ߶߶ġ֪˵̲ס̾˿
ĹҶؿ
ǲǸ˵ҡҶϵһӾͲµˡ
ǰ֪ҲǺɸֻ֣Σ˵Ҫ飬Ϲֻ˸Ůû˵
ⶫ˸ģǿǸС֪ǸСﶮʱǸŮʵʵ˵ϹʱǸŮﻹЩͲġ
ˣҶ쿪ʼԼ·ԼϴҾͲҪϴȫҵ·ˡ֪п꣬׼ͷ͸˹Ҷһ
ҶȫףΪʲôǰһﻹͬ˵ŮһҪʹɻˡ
ǣڶ磬¥̨ϳŰʵСŮ
Ҷİʻȥģرʵ
Ȱ·ˮ֪һԵ๤
ҶɵذǼСóˮ
ϴҺꡭ
Ŷˣ
ˮˣ֪εشĨѵذϵˮɣ´ҶʱỬ
ⴱ¥̨ûܷģԹҶ̨ϵڶϤ˸ڼҵ̨ϡ
ֻĽؿһּۣľϴ·
Ϊ̫С·ˮóʱҪˮˮ̨ĵϣûһĸס
ϸСĸ첲š·ٰ·¼ϣȻȥϰѰѵϸɡ
ȵһʱطָڵͣˡ
ԭ֪ڿȥˣܹϴ·ùҶϴ·ͷ
ڹ֪ߺ󣬹ҶͻȻһ⣬ղſ³˺üۡѰʰᵽ̨Ĳ棬ȻٴվȥƮʱ͸Ͻӻ֣˵ϴ·ˣ轱ӣһ
̨ľǳȻҲڵĶ
ֻĳɫ׾ٵԽ̨мľ룬˽¼̨ĵذϣ˼¡
Ҷֵػֱۣµû̼ӣȰϰϴһ飬ϴùҶû͹ӡ
Щ벻µûмӡ
*
̫ңԶܻ⣬ҶһŰԼôôɵСŮһ󷽷شͺˣһ˯С
ڳ׻˯ǰһ룬ȥҽ´̽һĸôˡ֪»᲻װɵôôɾĩм䡣
ͬʱңԶϣ֮֪ӵ˽豸ĵ绰
簲õǽܵϣ֮ǻϹ˺ĩǰͬ
Ļֻлظ߲豸ͨѶϣ֮ͨԱֻͨѶͨѶֻܾϣ֮ǵĿƷΧڣÿζǽǵ֪绰ġ
ô֪ʵʲôʱϣ֮ǣ
֪ྭԼΪʲôҪùҶͽȻؼҡ
Ȼ뾭οϾ˭Ҳ֪ĩ٣ƫԶıСĩϣ֮ǡ
οȴûù֪Խر⼸μҶɥʬȺ
ﻹһһֱҪʹҶǾǹҶΪʲôҪƫԶıСΣϴһʮ׷
֪Щʱ򶼻룬Ҷ᲻֪ĩҪ顣
ǡúܺá˵ʱ䣬һ͹Ҷϣ֮ǵġ
֮ǰ͹Ҷϣ֮ǣڵһŻغܰȫûбҪðŷոϣ֮ǣ̫϶һŻػ֧ŶãҪ취͹Ҷȥϣ֮ǡ
Ǿͺá֮ǰùҶ˵£
֪仰ýסˣһƬڰķŬԼƽ˵֮ǰ£ûա
ǼһǸϽɣϣ֮ǵĹû䣬ٳһЩͲĳԱˡ
á
˵绰󣬹֪ɫȴĴѩҪ䣬֪Ҷǳʲôˡ
һߣµɫҲòȥ
ǰֻ绰ͨǹҶԼ֪졣ĸŮϼСʱҲرעǵĶԻ
Ҳ֪ҶȻҲ뿪һŻظϣ֮ǣļ˶


9 
ҶǶѵģһͷֻܳ伢ܱ
ڲٳĵƻŵģҶһȥܿ£ЩбѵģҲбѵġ
پĻĩﶼôĲпᡣ
˲֪ʱǽߣϵɫͺƽĺһ㣬ȥ޲
Ҷʵڿó˽ֱ飬߹ȥֻ˵֣𣿡
ϢƽһӾʧˡ
ӡҶͳǸСŮ͵ӣϣǿһ۾Ͳˡ
Ҳ̯֣˵ͷ
Ҷ˵ģʲôûС
һ¾Ͳˡ
ЦˮƽļһǾŬ˯ȥɣٰСʱͷˡ
ǱҶ˵ŵģڶ찲õ͹ȻһͷѹӦˮ
ҶںˮСڳͷʱ̲ס˼һڶʮǰ֪ĩҪٵˣΪʲôŻôң
һСͷ͹һƿˮ󣬹ҶоڻҴҵس˵䳯ȥߵʱǸӵСŮ˵СŮԡ
ҶŲĲǷģ͵ȼCɥʬѪҺܣʱҲֵˣͷǹġ
ɥʬѪҺܶһڻĵλãԱ߾о밲õȻԶ
һʼǹҶ˼Ҵҵܣûܶپܲˣߣ߶߲ˣ˳ӣϣԷ˼
Ϊ˶Ե콭³ļѪҶ˼
˶·кô
ǲǿ쵽ˡҶŲԶǳƼкͽеĽﲻоûطоˡ
ӦǰɡԶԶע⵽Զƺûжˣ˵ɥʬѪҺܶһôġ
ǸϽ߰ɡҶִ˾һ˿ǰȥ
˲ظ˹ȥȵߵʱҶ·ߣʹͷһһոµĸʾơ
ʾдţоҪͣһɥʬѪҺܣλسԱ
ɡ
Ҷʹͷ̧¶Ťף˵Ҳȥ̯ɣ
Դˣ˳Ĭ˼ӣû뵽ĩˣھΡѪƭ֮֡󣬻Ҫذ̯
ϣĩûгǹܡ
ڶ˺󣬹Ҷһ̯ܰʲô˷ǿտյ¶˧Ĵ¶յװ˶١
ҶǱߵǷ˲ٶʱòϵķһĻºһöָ
ڿöʱ˵Щ㱣ѹҶѻͿҶٵذѻºͽָŻ˶
ҶȻʧȥ˼䣬Ҳɵӡ
ԿǴؼĵߣڽָȥȻ»ҪҪ͵Զջ˶˳εƱ
ʵҲµ£ٳٻʽ
֪͸һ뿪СĩһĻƣҪǰһѽָȥһ뽭¾ͻᱻֱӰǰ
ȥԿܲܰѷȥɡҶ˵
һΪҪɥʬѪҺתȥ
Ǳ˾ˣαؿӱˡҪɥʬߵѪҺܵĻҶǻῼһ¡
һŻû˻ֵķġοҶذ̯ģȥرƭӣںбһ磬ûаѷȥ
ڻذõ㣬üһͷΪ˷ֹҶڰ·Ϊ֧ιȥ˶㿴Ҷİʾȥˡ
ȥڰɡҶᶨ˵
㲻ȥǿ˻ɡ
˵˻Ҷ֪Ǹ϶򵥣ȻΪʲôðõǣҲȥǸꡣ
Ǹʲôȥ
Ҷѱķһ⣬㷢һɢѹҶ¶Ĳڵʵʵġ
˵أҶ˵ԺҲסͷǿ߲ͷɡ
˻ҪȰʱһźɫµŮߵǰǸŮӵΧڵʵʵģͷϻűֻ¶һ˫Į۾
Ǽֱת˹Ҷһٸֵתˡ
ΨһµһĻռӪʮֵ
ĩгǹܰһʱ䣬Ķѣǰѻؽ÷ǳĩǰķΧ
ֵһʮ𣿡Ҷɵɵʵ
ܣֵʮ


10 
²¶̵ʱľɶǻɫصվо
ǸΪΪرɥʬѪҺܶһֶټ˻
Ľ˵ɹҲ˵ʧܣΪμ˳˵֪ʲô·˶ʧȥ˼䡣
ҪǹҶ֪оһỳⱾĩС˵趨˶ʧ䡣Ȼʵ϶ˣоԱһ޵˵Ǽõġ
󣬽ºһһ仰˵뿪ˡ
𣿡Sķ⿴оԱǶһ¾˴µĲ롣
ʧ˵ܺŪ˭ʧҲʧôɡ
ļٵôھСֻСèˡף˵
ôֳȥˡⲻʵ
ǾһԭԼʧȥܣԼ޷ԼС
Ȼأ
ףЦ˵СèݺݵץһѣҪСèˡûбҪ㾡ȫĶҲûҪŶˣ͸֧ܵڻͺá
Ǹʲôóֵֹ뷨
Ů˵ֱɣҲСè䡣ף;ýЩԾʱŸҲûж룬Ͻ»ʱſ϶˽ĲԾ
ף൱ֻСèСˮȻģǵڰСȴͷ硭
ףðΣϢûм׷ȥ
ֻСè𣿡һֱһԷ·˵ͻȻ˵
ҶĻһϳڻڸ㡰ѪƭֵǸһ
˿ͷ֪ΪξȻ䳤ˣϸĻΪǸŮˣüۼ߰ͱͷβķȡ
һ׹о˲Ͷһϸ΢Ѫۡ
Ҳϲڴ˵ôЦףֱת뿪
ָմȡѪϵѪҺŽ¶ЦݣҲת뿪ˡ
ֻ·һεվ
ĸƢģ˳Ĭ֮ǣһΪ뿪ˣҵһһ¶ܲˣһֱӾǱ̬
û֣Ҳǲס֣ÿζǲͬҡǵ̬ҽܡ
ȷʵ̬˵ģÿγֶǲͬԸòЩͬ
ڸǿ֢ʵáιƺ˵ķʽѡദƺ̬
һǧһʮţȵȡ
ǸͣϵѪۻѪҺѪҺĨš
˲ʲô˵ˣͱ̬ʲôýġ
꿪˵ҺǶʶһǧһʮˣҲ˵Ǹı˿ˡ
һ룬оٴ׹⣬ͷҲصؾ뿪ˡ
оصĿЦ
ڻظ߲㣬˶˵飬ôϲеʹ
ôһڣоһӾ˽顣
ЦӶ˺ͣǿȵıһ¾ͱˣˮͻȻڻһ
Ǿý¿϶Ȼôûע⵽ԼϿССЦϾ͸֧ܵSҲSߡ
ǸСЦСʶ
СЦЧԴ߰ʾµˣϤµ˶ϲ¡
֮ǰԼΡʶЧֱ̬Ҫǲּܣһžͻᱻ˸ˡ
һǧһʮˣԼҲиˣô뵽Ц۾ˣ˵ŷһӵֿ
*
·ϵ˺ü磬һǱղǸĽµǵġ
Ҳ˵˷ֵʮѣûгµ˼
˵ˣ˭˭һϾĸ˵Ľࡣ
Գ˵ĽûиԱǸʲôСɵӣǸĴɵ˭
⼸ڳĬ֮ǣ˼ʶֵֹܶܣԸղŽһǰͿʩչڽϵܡ
ĬĬԺܼ¼һʣŬûϳµݼ
ǸܵЧܼ򵥣ڿԵʱԽһ֪ʶ㣬Խ벻Ǹ֪ʶ㡣
ҶԽ⽭µ˾Խϲ¡
һۿSʩڽϵģӦǴ߰ʾģSµ߶Ӿá
SԼʩܣͷ·ЬһСʯͷȻˣǻѵķҡ
һʱ仹벻µʲô
ѵ̽һҶƽɥʬȺ鱳Ļ
Ҷദ˾ͷˣҶѽƽɥʬȺ鷢ĿԱȽԼɥʬȺĿԻҪС
콭´ŹҶĬ֮ǵʱ˾ע⵽ˣ;һǼ󣬽ѾɥʬȺɱѪˡ
⼸꣬˶ԳĬ֮ɥʬĿһֱ½ֹģɥʬȺڽӳӡ
ڵˣװͱװֱΧͱʲôСƤûУⲻ˷ôԹŵȫû뵽Ͼܼʶڵ˽Լʱʲôˡ
оķף֪˵ıԹһ̷Ӧ¸ûûκۼĶͷ֤㡣


11 
꣬ڻسԱ࣬ȶһŻؽطΪĸ򣬷ֱǻڵļ򡢶ߵĹֲߵסլĵо
شлسԱѡרҵʿŶӣֱĸĹصͳԭȵĸSߣֻؼߵͶƱȨӵָȨ
һŻظճھ;˵ģֻ֮ǰʱ죬ʱĸ̾Ͳˡ
ĸS߶ǲʺϹأŻسԱûسԱúάȵ顣
ҲΪʲôĸSڿ˷ŷңΪһŻصתƺǺ޹ϵ
ڵļҪΪʱ̯͹̶̡
Ҷʶһ־ʱ̯㡣
ԱȥίԱʱ̯̯λ֤سԱƾ̯λ֤һϰ̯һڡ
ʱ̯ҪΪ˷سԱõƷ
ڹ̶̣ĩǰ̵һϸƶȣƷҲȽϹ̶
ĿǰĹ̶̻࣬ǳۻعֲƷҶڵҹ̶һ
˿ŹҶҵĹ̨ǰţ͵ͷʱĹ򣬹ҶѾλá
ʲôԭΪҶʱСʱֻһֽֽϼƷļ۸
⹱ֵܻҶԽԽԾ˵ǸǲǵִǰѹֵˣҪǻծ
ǣծǻҪǷͷ̧ŹҶԴôˡ
ôһú󣬹Ҷٴ߽˵̡
ǣͷ˲ŵؿŹҶĲɹɹ
԰ͷ˵ģҪȥĵطԱһ¼۸򡣡ҶȻ˵ͷֱ˵˵ˣҪǿˮҪǮġ
˵ˣκϡ
һͷֿжͷȥ۸ЧʱȽϸߡ
Ҷͬ˵Ľ飬ԼСʱҵ̵ſڼϡ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô뿪ıӰҶܾһһ㡣
Ҷĸоûд뿪Ҷ߷Χ˴һ
죬ĩǱһˣʱȻǶôףôǻԱġΪ˺󣬸гĬ֮ȫǵʹá
Ŭ̬һɥʬߵϺ˿ʼѰڽıǡЬﶼһʯˣٷһҲν
Ҳʲôֻҵʲô
ڽɺԼǰǶǶѣҲ⿴ȡţѵæ
Ӧ򡣡˵ӰȺˡ
ҶȻ֪˵ʵʵذԭļƻ¼ۡ
һʳκеļ¼Ҳ
Ѿ˶ʮ׼ĩǻ᲻ġڳĬ֮ǵʱǿҵӾû˼ȥֻаδ֪رǵһŻ
С˵ֻ˶̶̵ļ仰
»صһŻأһЩͺ뿪ˡ
С˵ûһŻصǶôŬһŻرøá
Щڹ̨ǰϸϸƷǣЩװƾɷݵǣЩɤּۻ۵ǣڲĩⲻƽе顣
ϸϸƷǿڱԹܵǿ֢װƾɷݵǿܵȲǨһһּ꣬ۻ۵ǿ²۵ķǡ
ĩǶôĳܹڻƽȵػţá
ȻùҶж˾ԲվڶǸˡ
Ǹüۼ仹Ϥ߰ŵسҶ˵ţãлĹˡ
Ҷ˿ĺղôûжһͷͷϾûпԶĶˡ
Ҫ֪ĩһֵ幱ֵüһʽΪɱѾ׵˳ʷ̨
ǲǶĻﲻ̫ѽǸЦԭһڣ¶崺̬ҿ˻ġ
߰ɡҶ飬˼˵õģֲʲô
Цݴϵļ⣬ϵ˺ٴѪҺ
ҶܵزΣգȴظǸȥ
ˣ֪ҵְɣҽ


12 
˰ѹҶһСӸǼδɵľɷݣԻûʲô˾
˳ջٴ𣬹Ҷȴô˵ʲôȴͳԼĹֵƬ
ȷҪ˻֧𣿡
ڿƬҪݵʱ򣬹Ҷһ飬˵Ļ
ҶŬҪջؿƬȴ·һȫʹ
Ƭʾ100ùҶᶼҪˣѾԤ֪ᷢʲôˡ
ŹҶǷ۾ϵЦݸˣѪҺƷ
˵ָ뿨Ƭֻһ׵ʱ򣬹ҶƴҪԼȥ
лл˵Ļ￨˰У֮˵ص
ҶˤڵϣʹĵˣοظĹֵƬ
ҪֹҶΪʲôĿƣһƷѾĲϡ
ҶպùֵƬܵİ취ֻģ́ͷǰһĻʱղŶˡ
Ǹɶƭڲٳ߰º͵ı飬ϵЦЦ飬Ĳһðźذףذ׵ϹǸŮˡ
Ҷ˲ذ׷ǳ죬ûж룬ΪһŻͳһŵġ
ǷӪٹֵ
Ҷһ仰
ǵִѽͻȻЦ
һһǰذȴšҶվԭؿڶ̶̵ڣͽΣ棬˵ĶѾ쵽ҶôҲˡ
Сﾡͷٴαذ׷ϵʱڷ˵ֿٴ˵Ǿ䣺ǵִѽ治Sߡ
ΪСﾡͷҶڵλýԶԹҶֻܿ˵ȴǵ˵ʲô
Sı̬Ѿʶ˽ǹԼ϶ֽţϸûֻף͸֧ģΪʲôֿʹܡ
ΪʹõĲܡ¿ʣ˵
ܣ̬һοƲס
ûʲôܵģʹֻΪ˲鿴ɥʬѣ˵ҪԼɥʬ𣿡ȷʵûʹܣȫͻȻðϣֶƽʱ͵ģֻܸɱɥʬѡ
ҿɲǡ̬侲
ңΪʲôҪϮأ
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ֱӾȥӵĸӳǽڻȽεˣԽŻѴȥǼǵ񽻸Լ뿪
ֻǣʱŷûл
ȥ˻ڣڴֵӶԱþǴҶȥԵǸԱ
˿ԣ˿ˣߺżҴҵظϹҸ˵ûӣ͸Ͻ׷ȥڱ󿴵Ѿ׷ˡ
˶ˣ²һ㲻Ծĵط
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سԱʧƬֻҪ죬ٴβμӲԡ֪ҶѧԲΪ˴ȥμӲԡ
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ý¸ӽ֮ȥпֵܳĵطôҲ
ʵҲʱһ飬ǾǼǰйίԱڼ룬ΪԺ㣬Ҫʱ̯ĸװͷʱͨ˵ġ
ȥйίԱ鿴ƵȻҵҪҵĶ
ڼƵҶһ̯ͣ£ܿ͸˹վǵֻƺʲô𾪵飬ڹҶߺͣԭأֲ֮˸ȵǸ̯̯뿪
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ĩǰǸԵ̨Ĭ֮ǵǸȴԣֲŮ
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ֻǽȫû뵽ûüȥѾϹˡ
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ܡ¾ԲŹҶ뺦нĬ֮ǵࡣ
ʲôܵģĬ֮ǵǸ¼ֻӰɥʬûЧȻɥʬĿǺǿûжѣҲóĬ֮Ǹȫһ㡣
ҲΪʲô߽ԽɽСѧɥʬ϶ΪЩɥʬǰԽɽСѧѧ
Ǳ¼Ӱ쵽ͻǰһ飬ǰ׼ѧǻĩǰѧһʱ߽
ǰϰɥʬ¼ôǾͻȥϰࡣ
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õĲͬԵĶҲͬʹáһСϰԵóͨˡ
ȥһ˳Ĭ֮ǣѾˡϽĬ֮ǵĻ϶ߣǾԲᱻ¼Ӱ쵽ġ
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֪ҶҲμ˲ʱѾ˴µĲ²⣬̬仰϶Ĳ²⡣
ʧ߽⿪µذٴμ˱̬Ĳϡ
ⲻΪҲʧȥ˺ǲּ䡣̬ϵ˺ٴѪҺǲû취˰
̬Ȼʧȥǲּ䣬ñʼһЩ飬ǾǹҶɥʬ¼⣬Ҫʧȥĩм䡣
̬ĴǿԽ⿪ģֻҪͬ˵Ϳԡ
̬Ϊ޷ԼԼ˺͹ҶĲּ䣬ȻҲ˹ؼ
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±Ϊ֪ҶƽɥʬȺĻ࣬仰Ŀ˵ǾͰѷȽ˰ɣǷӪͼʮֵ


13 
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ʸ⡣ٴα𺳵ȿ˵ʲôʱȱ𣿶ߣΪʲôѡһ书
ֵصý³Ĭˣǻش⣺̬ǸӦǴԼݻģԼģǰذװɣ
һӾͻ˽µɱɥʬʱǸˮûκζĶ
ǰذ׿ʶƣκҪֵĵط
ûټȥһӾ˽ֵĻ档
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еĿ»ŵüƤˣʵʵǽķϲɡ
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ˣ֪µ˼ǰչ˹ҶôĵˣҪ˼һ½ǿŰġǺǣ˽ڳĬ֮İΪ
ЦЦؿˣ̳Ͽҵصͷޱȹɵ˵֪ˡ
󣬽ٴһԾǽڡ
ԭص˹һӺŷӦεС˵ôҴȥɣ
ߵǽǰ̾˿ȻһԵı̬˹׼ñ̬ţ̬ҵӺջ˽š
ǸˡٴοԼ


14 
СҶͣԭأڵϣŵһСʯӡöԷΪ壬ȶԷٸԷл
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ôҪҽְ֣
ҶȫɵˣһЦηЦʵڿƲסˡ


15 
ĺθס˹ҶԵĻָס˵ЦѾĵͣƬոΡ
úڻشţȥȻϲ羰ĻҲԳȫ㡣ӵ뿪С
Ӻ󣬲ŴлĹҶŽӲĲߵǽͷôǰʳʣΪʲô
Ҷ䡰Ϊʲô̫̫࣬ŪΪʲôһвҪĥһαװֵǾ˵в˵ǹġ
ҶԽԽŪ׽ˡ
ڹҶʣͨʮԵĺش𣬵治ܻشɶ¶ϲͣܰæΨܲͣڽǰ˵
̫మ޾ͿˣǼ᲻÷֣ϰ
⽭µԥҲ֪ûϲԼľϵ㱩¶棬ΨһľǰｭҵɥʬȺ¼ࡣ
ղȫ̺ͼʶǸ̬ܺһµĲ²⣬ֻ²̫棬浽ʳʮΪʲô浽²˵ûС
˰²⣬´λصĬ֮ʱȥûʲô֤ݡ
˵һѰɡ˹ñ׾Ķ˹Ҷ˼
ҶȻͣ˼ֳסˣ˳ˡɾ͡
м⣿Ҷ˵
ΪҶʸйص⣬æ˵´Լҿɲ֪
޹ءҶ濴СﾡͷǶ¸ǽһΪʲôڶ¼ΪʲôҪʱ䶼·߹ˡ
ҶֱˣͻȻˣܲѡһ书ѡ书ѡ޿ΣŲԵʱ򣬰Ӹˡ
*
СѧªĴſڣڱﲻϳıͷ߶µشƾɵĴްŲЬȴ˺üΣΪͷڶ˾ͷ
ͷĿյѾΧˣĵʮ˴ķװΧ۵ЩƾɵγԱȡ
ʮ֮⣬滹վһ޵۾˵СŮŻ
ÿÿͷڼȺߵ档
ǸСŮ¶ͷС˵үүûײǡ
ΧҲذƴ˸š
ԭʮõµǻðնӵĳԱ
һŻֹٷĶ飬в˽齨ðնӡЩðնӻᶨȥĬ֮Ѱʣ׬Ĺֵݳ̶ȷַðնӵĳԱðնƶҲǷǳƶȡ
һŻأҪһ֧ðնӣðնҪһAߺBߣÿǰĬ֮ʱߺͨ˵ıﵽ2:1һŻصֹ涨ðնӹͨȥ
ðնǴӱĻһŻصðնӣһͳһŻðնӣΪðնӹA߾ʮBʮ͵ȼ߸ǹˡ
ʮУһBԶ
ʮǸմӳĬ֮ǻϻŴӳĬ֮Ѽʺһ֧ɥʬѪҺܣⰲõĸСŮײˣеһʺɥʬѪҺܶˡ
ǹҪСŮļ⳥ġ
һʼҲûôΧۣðնӵ˵˵ţͿʼñĵַӦȥĬ֮ǵ棬ĻضˣֻһŻֵĵطŻںǣŪӱĩ̭ġ
ԽԽڻиలõӿſ
ҲôһŻأǲᱻȥ棬ǣСײϣȥҳǽ
ðնӵ֮ǰҲ˵֮ǰΪҲ£ǻ治ˣΪȺ޷õǣһŻػôǿðնӷ
ּðնԸһŻؾһŻصҡǿڻĸSߵϣԸǸӱ
ͷ⼸һ仰ſ˺ü²ֹͣӸղŵһֱû˵Զ
λBߣôͷʵ
ԶͷܿĵȼִͰõĸ˿϶ҲǸ߼ߣԶͷվվȵģ֪ͷҲֻǸ߼ˡ
һŻؼ̫͸֧ܵߣǷǳټҲ˼
ԼǾԲԸΪ˱أ͸֧Լܵġ
ֻҪ⳥ġԶµˣԷ̰ʺɥʬѪҺܵݹ
ʿǿһٹֵ
֣ͷ˿㹱ֵǳģΧ۵ҲԾôˣôնյóһٹֵ
ֻԶĻ˶ȭͷ
߼ɥʬѪҺǿⲻģҪʮˣȥĬ֮ǡҲܴ·ľС
ԶҪǿ׳˸ȥĬ֮ǣǰõ˻˷ŭ䡰ܴ·Ͳֱ˵Ҫʮȥ


16 
ͷüͷס˳ֵˣٴοǰԶԣԷȫ˶ͷ֪˽ˡ
ǲʮ˸ȥģͷ˵
ǿû˵ҪĪصĴŶңԶɨˣҾ˵һŻЩνƶȣѹեЩȻЩ˲ңһҪˡ
Զָòͣ¿СŮľٶСŮŵæš
ҲѧϰʲôΪԼĹˡ
ԶĻ䣬ΧӿСŮʵʵġ
ǰǼ˷׷˵Ǹȥ⡣
ǰ⼸˶ǵ̬ƭȫҵˣõ˵ǻǿǿ׳
Զ̬վ⼸ˡ
ͷε˵Ҳȥɡ
֪͸ΣʺɥʬѪҺʵʵ˵ġǷծǮ쾭壬ûа취ģ֤֤СŮûײǡ
ǻһԶɨȺ뿴һ񣬿ϧԸ֮ǰСŮžͿˡ
ȥСŮḧСŮͷ˵
ײģһȥˡСŮ嵽Զǰ
һĻԶЦˣһ߹һ߸ߵŮ˵㿴һĻˣ˿ᰡ
ߵŮ˳һŲѷڹҶĳЩǶȿȥҶǳơİˣһμֱܻ治ֻҪദһʱ䣬̷
ҶǴһûûεľĩǰĩƺΪ׷֡񾭴ֵ߸˶ԹҶпϵۡ
ԶߵŮˣﶼûй⣬õǵԶӶ⡣
ǣ̫ˣԶĹ׻ٵ˵ǣͷԼҲѹֲסеŭ
ۿų漴ʧأڴΧ档
ϻŴСϵЬҲ챻ˣŬӿкʿǵ߹Ƕʹ
Ȼ궫ĹҶˣǺˣǴʵ̫ĳˣϱĶ̫࣬˺üһ̧ͷԼôֱȥˡ
ҶʱԶߵǸŮ۾˲˺⣬ֱܿڸȥˡ
ôҪͷ̫ģԶ˵ҡ
ǰҶ׳ĻشԶǾ䡰Сˡҭ˻ȥ
ʲôģԶͷ˵
Ŷ˵ѧѧôƹĵôáҶָһһɬ˵
ǵģôƹĵôãΪʲôҹƾͲô
ȻڽǰҶͺ̨ʣ˸ıݻùҶһļƤ֮ǰڳĬ֮ôᱻ˵ݼƭӡ
Ƶİɡ
˵Ĺ˵ţôҲѧϰģ㿴ڻǲѽȻһǲҪ̽ңһǸѧѵġ
ҶϵͳֵƬָ˵Ǯ
ղȥɹֻһҵĹֵڿƬϵպʣ˶ʮ
ԶڿƬϵʱ˲ŤָֻܿҲʲôСƨ̶ֳȵĳѣ̵¡
Ҳˡ
áҶ˸ı飬˵Ĺֵ⳥ǽʧǳˣ붼롣
һþ㹱ֵ֧߼ɥʬѪҺôΪɵ֪֪AɥʬѪҺܣڱĻܻһֵοһŻСأҪֵ
Ҳ֪Ҷ̹Ȼ˵ǲֵ㡣
ԶıˣõļһԲѵ˵ҪֵǶֵ
ô˵Ҫһ֧SɥʬѪҺܡ
һġ
У˼ԶһſյĹֵƬҶ£ֵתҡ
ҶһžͰѿƬ˻ȥ˵ţûС
ԶɫڳߵҶǰֱۣȻϲЩǷʰ
ۿԶһƾҪ򵽹Ҷϣһֲе֪ԼһƣҪܹû֣ԶԼͣˡ
ȾȾʲôԶתͷŮӡ
Ǹ͹ҶƵŮһɫ͸˿ߣ˿ߵһϵԶֱֻ̧ϡ
ԶһŻأ¡
ʲôû˻Ϊַͷġ
Զİɫ˿ȴקֱֻܷۡ
ȾȾȻ£ܼҲBʵҲǿҲΪȾȾ
ԶջֺȾȾջܣ¶΢ЦôûԸΪַͷֹǳͷС£еԸΪַһ仰SԹ͸ڻԵİˡ


17 
ĩڵʱȾȾ·ϼҶһΡһεľ̹ģһֱǵڡ
ĩǰȾȾ˵յϡ
󣬼ֻһŮСֻҪˣ˶Ҫ
ʱ򣬲˿ҲǷϡ
֪Ǳﶼ˵һС̬ڸ˭
Щ⸱С̬ȻǰڸЩ˿ˡ
ûѣΧŵĶ׷ߣȻŪЩ˵ĸ飬Ҳм˷ʱȥܾǡ
ҵֱӽԼҵʼҪļĿ֪кܶ˿ļˮƽ˱졣
ԭļƻ˽Ŀֱӹ˾һ죬ĩˡ
ĩٵһ죬͸״һܡָҵǵĿĸ˶Щ˸ڵ˾չ
˳һ룬ͻȻ¥﷢˼
͸׳ȥ鿴û߼ͿݵĴŴˣ߳һĿİӣӵðһŻ档ӻЮһ߶µĹ˾ԱȾȾŵģָȾȾ˵ǹ˾ĴС㣬ʲô˵
ʲôС㣬ӽ쿪ʼҵˡӰĻ涪ȾȾ
ֲĻڿûκƫ룬ֱȾȾȥȾȾһ㣬ɻҲı˷
һ˶ɵˣǶΪȾȾһ
һ룬ԽԽĻȴϿͻȻðˮ
ǶһֻȾȾð˿ߣЩ˿ֱӽһԵĴ̧ղŽˮ
ûˡð˻棬εĻȴȸղСĶ࣬ȲϴĻ档
󣬱󣡡дʣɻˣӵĶͷð亹ϳ˸˿ߣЩ˿߰һţֱ̧˸ߴ˱ιȥˡ
ȾȾ£µ˱Ǳ绰˺þò˽绰ﴫεûȥˣǿɡ
ߵߣ򿪴ֻ϶ǼЩĽһ붼˻ԭƽĳһӾͱĿȫˡ
ȾȾǴ֪ԭвͻȻܡеĺܶ˶ǸİһԼܣƾΪһǵĽ
Ϊ̫ˣǲûзֳﻹһŵԨ
ȵǷֵʱѾˣ̫˶ɥʬЩ¾ѵ߾Ǹһ˽ܣȥɱɥʬˡЩ¾ѵҲвɥʬɱǿĸ߼ɥʬ
죬ԽǷĳݵԽ죬ԽƫƧĵطûʲô飬ƫƧıСΪ˿ܶȵͣɥʬСʱڶһˣȵ֪طɥʬϢʱСɥʬɻڿԿƵĳ̶ȡ
ǻ϶ûлֻ߼⡣
ȾȾ֮һ
ԭΪܿԻסˣˣĸ߰αٵһɶ
ʱʹʮκ󣬾ͺǸһôòˣɥʬֻʮˡ
ȾȾӡִ򿪳ţ嵽ǼһȻųֱײβǵɥʬ
ȾȾһԵĸףҧݳ˳⡣
ǳһͿȥˣûжʣȾȾһ֪Դľĸ뿪˳ҪǵĴ󲿶ӡ
ƺϢˣָܻʹˡں߽ͬϢ֪ҲǷֵȼģȼԽǿʱʹõĴԽࡣȾȾʹôӦBߣĽϸߵȼˡ
Ǹʱǣǲ֪ɥʬĴڣܶɥʬ϶ģʮβܴ˵ɥʬ㣬ȾȾBߣÿܴҲǲõġ
ͬΪˣǸʱߺͨ˶ɥʬɱû̫Ĳ࣬߿ܿԴɱɥʬͨҲܴɱɥʬ
󲿶Ȼ˶󣬵ɥʬҲ͸ˡԭŶϣͨ˲ռʣڿӳСһAʧֱɥʬɱˣһʧˣҲˣ˶Ļ̡̻
ȾȾע⵽ʱ򣬶һͨ˶ԼܵˣǾʣµ߾ȲǣǵܵĻĿСᱻɥʬ֣ܵʱ򻹴ռʡ
ûһʣ鲻òٻʱȥռʣнٶ˲١
һ󣬳ɥʬڱ޷ĳ̶ȣǵܵͨˣǾۼĴ󲿶ӣֻҪڳûһϡ
нûκεֻ࣬ʣȾȾǡ
ȾȾɥʬȺ￴֮ǰϤף£Щ͵͵ܵļһǸϤӰȾȾԸĸס
ȾȾ߰ɣͨˣҿ϶ȥһĸͣƽؿȾȾúû°ɣģҲ㸸һٳǰˡ
ȾȾȥֹĸף׷ɥʬĶֱȥ
ڸٹ·ķĶףڻˣȾȾ˴͵һԣͻȻӳˡ
ĹҶͽ¡
ȾȾ㿴ǸŮˣǲǺ㳤һģһǼ𣿡ĶָŸͣһ˵
߳ŮˣһŮһذףﻹ§ǸȾȾŮˡ
ȾȾǵĶӳֱ߹ȥǽ̸֪Ů˽н£Ǹ߼ߣ§ŵŮ˽йҶֻǸͨˣǸմӸվӳġ
ͨˣӳ𾪵ʵôġ
Ҷ̱ڽµϣóݵ۾Ž£˵Ϊ
һĻʵڴۼˣȾȾ嶼ǿԲŻסˡ
ȾȾ˼޹ҶǺ˵Ļ
Ϊʵ̫ˣЩ˲ھ뿪Ǵסʮ죬پߡ
ʮЩ˾ͿŹҶʼڽϣͷ·ûһǱ§ţǱ±š
Էʱ򣬹Ҷޣȫ̶Ҫι֮⣬ǸԣƵý¹ǻ˺üʳ
Щ˷׷׸п¹ȻҶģĩǰҲźˣȴС㻹ҪС㡣
ȾȾ䡰С㡱ֽʹ
ȾȾԹҶĻһϢʱⲨ˺ǲͬⲨĩٵĵһӵ˸ٹ·һֱڸٹ·εҲûɥʬⲨ滹вٵͨˡ
Ⲩ˸ǴµϢǾɥʬȫΧڵģõĵطƫƧĵطڱƫƧСڻǰȫģҪӵĻǱӡ
֪ԭϢ׼ǰ
Ϊʱʵ̫ˣǴٳ
ȾȾ㿴ûлܴϵĹߣֿǶ԰۵ļһ
˿̣Ҷڽ»ǶǲһǸòƽн
ҵҵס˱ɥʬĶӣҿߡǸȻܱˣȾȾһ۾ܿһıװģĩǰżı˻Ҫ١
ÿҪҪֵʸҶ
á´Ӱ˰ѹɵݸ
ֻôˣˣҲ͸ɡҶʾţִӱóһ֧˹ȥ
ƭѹɣѾϲˡ
ʲôװʵ
SɥʬѪҺֻ˵һ仰
Ȼ֪ʲôãһS֪
ȾȾʵڿЦĻ棬ת뿪ˣȥƭƭˣԼӺҲ뿪ˡ
֪ߺ󣬹ҶǳŬҪԼȴֱػ
ˣҶϢʮˣͲʹˣû˿ιҳԷʱǸֵ𣿡Ҷε˵
һʼװģֻǲڷĶЩʲôˣҪǷɾˣϾ˭ܲµһļһܹһͱʮɥʬ
ȻûܣͽҲЩڵߡ
ֻû뵽ûװ񫣬µװˣüιҶԼҪԼˡ
ˡ»ش
Ҷýû취ֻ˵飺֮ǰɥʬǡ
ҶѾȷ˶ûзʹܿԿɥʬһԵıǣǸǾɥʬ㣬ֻ˵ǸϣɥʬŻ
Ȼ֪ܶ飬ֻǿ˵ģ¶ܸߡܶ˵˾ͻֻܾᷢȥԣԼܸıЩΧ飬SɥʬѪҺܽ
á
졭ùҶЩԥٴβȻɻؽϣ˵ţǲһȥȻһϼңЩҪá
á»شúɡ
֪ҶαװȾȾڶ֪²ȥҪҶϼʱ̲סЦŹҶźԼһģһҵˡ
ҪŹҶΪԺ£߽վһ̲ס˹Ҷ
̬ȾȾ˵ҲŽߡ
С㣬ҲҰɡȾȾѧŹҶһ޹ɰı飬ȥʮûչ¶顣
Žһܾܾ͹Ҷһģһ
ֻǡΪʲôĺ󾱻ͻȻһʹ˳˯С
ѾڶѵĳĶ֧֧ᣬô˵ʲô
ȾȾһֱΪǽ´εȫ֪е𺳡
ѵʱһĹҶͻȻȾȾѸٴȾȾʱɵˡŹҶǸͨˣǾɵӡ
᲻ĵġҶ˸ơ
ȾȾͶһһʱ䣬ֻͻȻٵɥʬʧɢˣȾȾҲ顣
ֱڽһأǸһB㲻ʲôȥѡ
һ죬ͻȻ䲼ɥʬѪҺܶһ涨SɥʬѪҺܵĶһֵ˰SɥʬѪҺ˵ĹҶ
Ǹʱţ֪ϢʱôԴҶ


18 
ȾȾΪûлȥ֤ԼĲ룬ϾĩҪ˱Ȼȥѡô꣬ҲȥѰҵĶѣôҲ͹Ҷİ֮ԵʤĶѡ
ֻЩԵܲġ
ȾȾβûиԶȥĬ֮ǣڳŹ;ԶġԶ˵Ҫȥõ㣬ʱ˹
ڴ֮ǰֻ˵һŻֵطȤطʱܵȺˣֵطߵѪﻻˡضûֵطģ㲻һŻΪʲôҪá
ԣȾȾҶַ۾ӵİõ㣬⣬Ҷ˲ǹ£ΨһǸŹҶĽµˣǲҪҶˡ
Ҷ֪ǰհȾȾĶ⣬Ӷǲе㲻Ծ
ղһŰѿƬ߻ȥʱͲˡǸƬֱǰ˵һ߻ȥˣܡ
ǸԶҪʱʵֱǰͲˣסԼ壬ǱʶܾҪǶ˺ԶҪˡ
ƵҪôõ֣ΪʲôڳĬ֮ҪҪʹѵֶ˶ǲԽ
ʵʵˣҶֱýµɵģһŻǰиԷԲǹҶԽ²¶ԹҶҲˡ
ǳĬ֮ɥʬȺ¼󣬽ôʹԭΪ൱ڽҪȫڳȥѹͷڳѡ
ҶڵֲһŻصʱЩûʵսԷӦ½ܿסԼԶһ߳ȥҪǹȥԶͷڵˡ
ռݹҶ˼ĵЩԾǹҶȾȾðĺ⡣
⡢̹⡢ƹ⣬ܻһ̵ưҶ²û½
ǱֲҶ֪ܸղǼǲ̫ȶģʧȵһںܲŻȶ߲ܳ˽ͿԼܡҲĩڣ߶ɥʬҲûжƵԭ֮һ
ĿǰΪֹҶֻĴܡڳĬ֮ǣɥʬͽð̹⣬пðŻƹ⡣һǱɥʬѪҺʱɥʬѪҺð̹⡣һξڣİæŮðź⡣
Ҷ²²ǿԷʵǿɫԷԼ̬ȡɫӦֻǺɫɫĸԥˡ
ɥʬÿζɫģܲɥʬİɣ
ŮָհԼܲһ߶Լж⣬һ߰Լɣ
ûн£Ҷھжɫ⣬ɫ⣬ǼϽ£Ҷԥˡ
ʼղԸϽڶԼж⣬һµͷµԼôѳŽµİô۸
ǸµͷǣԼ׳ʲôԭѽƽɥʬȺ¶ԭ
С￴αװĽʱ˵εĻǺ¡
ɽ´С뿪ûм׷ȥȥҲˡ֪ʱദʹǽ£Ϊ±ļ䡣
Ҷĩǰûпǹͽһʼ鲻СΪС˵ȥӽ£ʼİô˵ó
Եȥ˼ʱҲͲˡ
֪ĩ⣬Լʲô𰸡
⣬ڵȥ룬벻𰸡
˼⣬ֻҪ˼ɥʬȺ¼⡣
ҶѶֲܵ²ʱõһߣóڱ̬ɥʬѪҺܣʱѹŭԶ˵ɥʬѪҺܶһҰֵת㡣
㲻ԼɥʬѪҺSİɣʲôЦԶҲ˵иƭɥʬѪҺƭһ˵ĹֵذƭЩ˶ս˰õ㡣
Ҿôõġ
Զ̲ȥˣõĿĿɲΪ˹ֵΪնǸСŮеնɲٸĪļһ˷ʱˡ
СŮȥҶ̵ǰᶨؿԶһõģ
Զֱһ
ֻǹ˼ӣеİû𣬸ղŵ˿ٴβԶƣҶ֪ʱ˵˾Զһ׵ĵط
ǶڹעȾȾԶڶûע⵽ҶķӦʵ̫ˡ
ʲôԶҧгݵʵԼôԼοûȾȾ֪ն顣ȾȾĸȴкܶĪԭҲͨˣǶ˷ԴķȴԸЩ
ȾȾȻŹҶɥʬѪҺSɥʬѪҺܣ֪ôܲҶǽһڵϷģԲ潭»ŹҶġ
ȾȾ仰Ҷ˼ٴοܲûбҶ޷ǲǺ⣬Щҡˣѵ


19 
ԶȾȾһΪ˲ðõ˼ЦЭˡ
Ͱ˵ģҪòֵǸСŮҪȥĬ֮ǡ˵ԶʹµˣȾȾͣԭضŹҶһӲ뿪
ǸŮˣݣ˰ѿ޵òӵСŮ忪˲߹ʵ
ǣǼҺͬĶеġҶÿֻǴɳ
Ϊʲô߰㣿˿ǸŮ˵̬ȣԶԹҶһ
Ը⿴Ƴ˱ѡҶǲµ˹ؼ㣬ֻǲ´˷ûгúȾȾĻȾȾҲ˼ޡ
˵ô죿϶SɥʬѪҺܣҪɥʬվǰ˵ܱɥʬǲSģɱɥʬѪҺܺɵˡ
Ҳ϶Ҷƽ˵ſµʵ
ô죿
Ҷƽغ˶һۣ˵ԼѪൽԹᱩ¶֪ݵʵϣܹ۾İʾԼѪ͵͵ɥʬѪҺܡ
ϧǣȫûпҳӣٴε˵ͷװһ˵˼
ϣҶ¶ɥʬѪҺܰװ״һϵ磬ûеȵˡ
Ҳʲôûҹ˳ȥüȻмأǰõ㸽Ҳмء
õͨסլͬڹֲġ
ΪֲʮСʱְ๤ԹֲίԱҲǶʮСʱֵġ
˷ǳ˳ؾ˽ȥȻǴͳַ߱ڣǽҪڶϡ
ֻǸֵ˵õıͷأиƭõɡ
˵ƭǸ˵ĻǾͲòˡֵԱָָڼ̨ˡ
Ǹس˻˻֣˵Ϻãּܸ㣬ɥʬѪҺ𣿡
򡣡
ǸȻǽ˶ʮֵı̬ʹ˼ʹʵʵȥϰࡣõ֮Իɱƭ˾ΪڵϽǱ̬Ͻ˲ø̬ʰ̯ӡ
˵ɣʲôҵϽﾹȻг֮ƭӡ
ϽĹԱԱ̬ķԶѾϰˣڱ̬ں󣬾ԼȥˡϽĹæģֲصС»ǽı̬Լȥɡ
˵Ľ̬ܿҵ˵ʱƵƵϸñ̬һ˷̫˼ˡ
ƵؿΣȷһ㣬ǾСŮȷʵûײðնӵˡ
⡭ĩˣȻɣ²۶²ˡ
ȻȥɣҲȥֵġ̬һԵļԱƵֻǼԱ
˿ֵĽ츳ûӾͺüԱæ
˿ͼԱΪѵļƣ̬µ֪ʶ㣺γΪһȥദˡ
֮ǰĽѵ˿ɲҵű̬ʹûлȥֱȥɥʬһ
õϣҶ˿ûб䶯ɥʬѪҺܾ֪군ˣҲûа취˵Ӱûп
侲ԼһأֱӸŰõȥɥʬѪҺܶһ
찲õ˲̫ߵĲ⣬ȥɥʬѪҺܶһҲ֪Լʲô˶ӵġ
ɥʬѪҺܶһҲûйʦڣһ׼ʱˡ
Ϊһûпţ԰õ˸ϵʱһѾ˳
ҪôáԶҲ¸ϵˣôĶ飬̲ס
ȥŭȾȾɶԷĮˣǸСҪĩ˭Ը飬ҪSߣͲΪ˻ȥСҪơ
ԶǲҶһȥǿвӣֻܸһԵȺŭŰõˡ
õ˳˹ŪʺɥʬѪҺܣˣˣȫҪ⳥ðõȥĬ֮
ֳգЩȺֲ֪õ˾ǳ⣬ҲͲˡƵֵʱĳڶĩˣﻹмءҪмأôڴͥ£ôͼɡ
һŻĳԱÿԱͬðõģԶǵĽȺǿЩõͲ̫ˡ
˵αðõ㣬Щ˵͵
һģҲûжС
ô࣬Ϊһġ
ǵ۷׷ðõ˶֪ǺãҪ粵ȴֲ֪α粵ԶЩû˵ȥĬ֮
˵ԶҪõȥĬ֮ǵĻֻȺڸķУϾ˶ȥĬ֮ǣΪʲôõǾͲȥĬ֮ǡ
ΧȺڿõǱĵԶ˺ܶ࣬͵ɥʬѪҺܵļˡ
ǸŮɥʬѪҺSǸŮԼSߡ


20 
һĶǰƣһԹΪһ飬ͬʱŽҵ
ҶԹϱǩŽԹ
ʾϿʼʾڼһԹܣһԹΪB
Ӻ󣬻ʾԹܶΪC
ɥʬѪҺܶһ϶CBѾټ˵ġ
ԹܵĽ󣬰õ۾գŻʾ
ʾϼʾڼķԹܣķԹΪ
һһԹҪӣõĵӣʾûµݡ
Ȼַմϱߣ˷Զ˵
Ӹղŵһֱûп˵ĹҶڿٳûзӦŵһˡǱĩС˵ԭµһóSԹܼʱǸҲǳٳûзӦġ
֪֪ڵӣС˵ҪԷɡҶܹڳ
ҲҪܴңǵԹװĲɥʬѪҺǰɣԲŸ㻵˻
ԶתȥȫŻʾźŶӵ˵ǽҪһˡ
Ļ䣬õͻȻһ󻶺ǻ쵽о棬ø̨Ľȥ鿴
ϧǣηףȫ涢ţְѽ¸˻ȥ¶̬ȵûԼΪôĮ飬Ը֤ǰѵġ
ʲô֣ͷûСè䡣ףʾԿʼˡ
о棬¼ҵСèظŻʾϵĽķԹΪAAAA
ҶڱˣֻڴƵʱ侲Գ֣޲ɥʬѪҺԶʮȦ
ͷ滹侲ˣЦȥʹԱڵAɥʬѪҺܻٹֵܻ幱ֵʱػˡ
Զֱӱˣµִֹ̼ܲAҲĵ˵S
죬ҪԷ𣿡AɥʬѪҺܵļԶˡĩĿԲѧᣬԵʱҪԣ֮˳ڣһǿԼ㲻Bܣǿܸʤһǽͷ츳
ԹΪS
ԶٴκΧĻصԶɫˣ֪ⲻղżAԹܻҪʮӣSԹôһӾ͹ˣⲻΪҪǡ
ҲҪֵˣڻ뿪Ϊ
ԶڵǾˣϧǾ仰ûе£Ͼ¶֪˶ˣ¿ûгɫǽͷ츳
ǰֵǣµûĻˣȡ֮һº͵
ͶӰһûʸ顣
˶ˣǸ˿ȥ⣬һ۾˶øС
ҶؿΧֵı֣Ϊʲô˿ǸɥʬѪҺܵı̬ƭӣһĽģӦóȥ
̬γϰѧ֪ʶ㡣ֻǲģϾڳô࣬һҰŭеϣһ϶ƻⳡѵõֿɾͲãʱֶͨܡѾѵĹҶ߾ûܵӰ졣
̬˺ͼԱٰϣܿҾͿһ档
ڰõ㸽ĿյϣСŮֵԭȥԶһվ￴˺þáͷǸƺ˵ʲô¾ͳСŮķȥڿӽСŮʱͻȻ٣ٶȿ쵽ƵﶼĲܡ
һ룬СŮǸ¶˵ϡ
˶࣬ǸײСŮ»˵ײˡ
˺ͼԱɵǺǵһЦȻٲš
ڻȻµٶȺܿ죬СŮһ˲䣬ͻȻı˷򣬻󶨸ڵϵļϣˤΪײ˶ԷΪٶ̫죬ǡֲȵ˽ĵ档
ˣҪ㣬ǻҪܾòܷСþٶܡ
е˶ĩپܵģЩ˾ͺСŮһĩ˺ܾòͻȻܡ
ʶȥԶôҲҲԶ
ǶӳñƵٶˡҶѵ


21 
ⳡ־ðնӳԱǱ߶գ˶ܸˣ˻ûпֵı̬
Զ̵ֿʱ򣬰ѼƵųģ˼Ķɶˡ
ԶǾ䣺ݾϢСŮնĬ֮ǵɥʬߡ
Ǽ仰ʱˡϹʲôİԣʲôϵû뵽£ĲţǾȻɥʬ߶ˣϢ˵ʲôһ
Ҫǹؼ֤ݣ˸Ͳڴͥ°ų
Զ˺ΪԼķڱס˶һȥҥǴðġ
ðնӳԱߺǵĹעҲڻصSɥʬѪҺϡһŻس˵꽯֧SɥʬѪҺܺ󣬾ҲûյSɥʬѪҺˡ
ö֮һûSɥʬѪҺܵĶһ
û뵽ǸƭﾹȻкö
ΪʲôǾֻCġ
ĩǰƱ鶼вˣ뱣ˣ֪ˡ
̬Щۺ޲ϳǸƭӣʱ϶һ¥ģϧǿĹ˿Ͷϲ
ЩʱʣĲƭӡ
δɥʬѪҺܶʮֵָһٹֵٹֵ
̯ƷͷһֻҪһٹֵSָܣٹֵSԼ۱ȼֱ߱ˡڳ걻ڸġѪ⣬β֤ȷʵзźöȥˡ
ȻôҲ벻εSɥʬѪҺġܶɥʬɱԲߣõSɥʬѪҺҲǼر׵飬Բܻ֧ɥʬѪҺܵ
ĻSɥʬѪҺֻܾп͹ҶڼõģϾֻһʱļ䣬ôҲԭˡ
˶ΪSɥʬѪҺܶˣҶԼȴΪԼܶˣܹȻжϳɥʬֵĸߵ͡
ȻֻʵԺܵ͵ĸܣɥʬжϸòϣҶǺ֪ˡҪ֪ǱĩС˵ԭûоܡ
ɥʬѪҺܶһߵĹԱѹҶдңǸ߹ҶΪĿǰûȷĶһ׼Ҫظ߲㿪һ£𸴡֧AɥʬѪҺܶһ幱ֵѾ˿Ƭʲô⣬Ҳʱǡ
Ҷȥתһֵõļ˻ֻһЩֵһ¡ҲֻЩˡ
ȷԼҪĩʱβսĩȥֻ˿һȲġһٶɥʬѪҺܣҲֻܻĿǰڰõǹ±ԺأܹõǵֻлŬ跢չء
뿪õ󣬹ҶֲǼҰ԰סСùݡ
ˣĩʵﲻһ̽紫ͳҲᶪʧġɫУǳ˺Ͱõһͷϡ٣ÿҪܺ͹һĴҪ𴲡ֲֻҪʮֵܰ԰סһڡ
ôˮϴαҶ̼˵̬Խƽˡ
ڵȴСùݳͷˮһ滮Ժİš
ȷҪӣӵĻҿĹֵҲһģ֧ɥʬѪҺҲһ֧Ҷٴʵ
Ȼˡ
Ҷ濴ǰˣԷֻ˧ɵͿմκεıߡ
ȻҶҲǴдɵֻ֣ɵӲŻĩôӣʶԷȥϸǾùҶʧˣҲʡҶǾ÷С˵ﶼˡ
ҶǼǵǱС˵ľģЩϸؽ˵Ĺ£Ȼ˵Ľ֡ÿλ˵ĹʱǾ䡰˻Ժ󻯡һԹ߶ݵ˻
ãҡ
ҶŻܸıĽ֣˶㿪Ǹһϣ;޷ѵ塣ǱС˵ֵʱҲûнʾǸ徿˭Ϊµġ
ÿΪǣΪѵҲ˶ˡ˸ѣͨͨļһûǹ⻷иŮ⻷Ӧò˱ˡ
ΪͨͨĹҶȫ֪Ѿûظ߲㳳졣
һŻصĻĸҪ˶ˣܻһλõSϯλξȻҲˡ
ֵؿϣﻹһûȼ̡
ףһԵı̬̬֮ǰλǰƸĳף࿴ڱ̬ͱϼһԵķ֣ƵҰ˺һ㡣
ˣھͽˡ


22 
ĸSֻн¿ȥһЩĶͷɰűα˿ڡǳ˳ָҲĿǰʱûзĸã˲ͬԼ˵һ䶼ûжʧ
ΨһǸõǣƺΪաı̬ʮֲˬ
콭¸²û߼·һķˡ
տʽ¸оôͿüͷһ룬һ׹߿׹⴩յףһֱɵоǽϡ
׹Ȼǽµذףڰ˶εضڿҪ׶ߵλϡȻֲ£ƾԼһˣȫ޷γذϡ
ֻΪǿ֤ݱչʾǽϡ
³ֵٶȿ쵽о˶ûзӦǷӦʱѾ˸¹Ƶʱڱǽϵգû˻ûвӰ
Ǹеͷʹʧˡ»Ǹһ͡
һ˵Լͷʹо˶ӵŽ»ص˲ҷ׷׹Ž£ûע⵽ջǽ²
˽ȥҲûгǷҹ񫷸ˣ̵ʱע⵽Ѿñ鶼ա
զͬʵ
ҽ˰Ǵÿһ˶ҡû˳
һӾΪʲôûһյģΪûձǽϵọ̈̄Ϊǣձǽܴ߳Ļ
ܴǾ㲻͵ˡ˵
УԭˣܾԲû˼顣
ⲻ˽ּһԭհذװ˳󣬾׼ݰذͻ¡˭֪ذףذ׾ͷʧԺ
һ飬ⲻͨذףǽµֻҪԸ⣬ʱԲذװշոõȱ
ԡһۣһﵽôｭˡǰĸ棬Ƕ̬õһˣûռѪ
ֱ쿪ʱ򣬷ⶼûдյôĽ¡
εĻҪSɥʬѪҺܵĶһ⡣
ǰظĶһʮֵһ׻صķӡ
ڸ߲ǾǸһԷһԸһĽ󻹲ǻйֵһĬ֮ǵ³
Ҫߵ벻ܸʲôˡ
յ˸߲㡣ֳ켣ȺУļһ˵ǲصͨǳߵʲô
ϣ֮ǡ
׬ֵ
ĩǰ
̶߲˹ǻһ£ƳһĸSߣĿǰǾSɥʬѪҺܵӵʮֵһ׻صķӣҳŵںʵʱɳһS߻ȥϣ֮ǡ
ͬ⡣˵ⱾյģȻ϶ԲǹҶҪġ
ͬ⡣ף඼ûʲô顣
¸׼ڣԴͻȻ΢Ĵʹȵ쳣ʧʱ᳡˶ˢˢضڵ̬ˡ
ͬ⡣
ɢ󣬽ֻصо˼飬ûвʲôоԱܾĸãҲֹʹ̫ģͺˡ
ڽ׼뿪ʱоԱԥǿˣȷûжʧ𣿡
ûС»شǸŲԾдеĴ𰸡
оԱÿĲ˶һĲԾ֮ǰЩʧȥĲ˾ͨŲԾʶԼȱʧ˲ֵļ䣬ЩȱʧĲ˸òŲԾΪԲԼļƬʱǿհ׵ġ
оԱЩΪѣȷʵдеĴ𰸣ڵסھϲʳȸϸ΢顣
ž棬ڰһд˸֡
о˶֪а˵ģȥʣS飬ʿδ
İǾͲҪ´˿ˡף˵
ǷİɣҪ˻ߣһؼң֪Լʧȥμ䡣ȰܲķҪһյġ
ͻȻý²дյ˽ȥȫɵ飬ܴһĹˣڽǰյ̬ȾûôײУһ﷢ʲôйص飬Żýһյ̬ȡ
ǻֱˣϴǸԭ仹ڻֱָ˵ʧˣͳ벻˵ڽҲǸһǿԲһ˵
оԱ˷Ľ顣
Ǹ߽ҪǻصңԼʲôԾϵǡ
ǻѽµŲԾҲڰǦʵȦ˳Ҫǽ»ȥ𲻶ϸ鿴ŲԾע⵽ѡ
оԱû뵽»ûеҵʱʹŲԾ
¹⿴ϵŲԾڵһĸͣáнĩǰͬѧʦһᷢоԱûע⵽һ顣


23 
оԱֻòŲԾ, ʵЩ𰸲ϹҲֻ֣֮ᷢǰûвôѡ
оԱûע⵽Ǽǽ¸ĸǴģ׵ֻһ, ĸ׵նǴġ
ںѲԾ˺飬һԵͰ
ҪټǷʧȥһЩ, Ϊȷʵʧȥ˼, ҲһЩǺܶࡣ
ʧȥ˺ĸйصм, ׵ǸնǴԼƲġ
ʧȥĲˣоǵļһæƴմµȻյ, д߸˻ָ䡣ջܰѽ̤оĵذϵԭ
¸Ͳһָ, ǱʶЩ䲢ʲôֵļ䣬ûЩ, 巴ˡ
յΪհæָ, ΪԺȻ˸ĸйؼ䣬ǶһЩ֮ǰûеļ䡣
ֻЩɢɢֻǵļƬ, һŬҪЩƴĴԾͻʹޱȣͷ·һԺǿЩ䡣ЩԼʱ򣬴Բôʹֻ΢Ĵʹ
ĿǰΪֹֻڲʱͿᵽϣ֮ʱЩԼˡ
ǼƬԷڳĬ֮ǣͷֵйҶպһôˡ
Ҷ۾ͨ, ˿ȥҪˡһԵյƽǰģӼһֿȵ״̬
ҶңƻһԵġ
ýľ仰Ϊġ
ԣƻһԵģ̫̼ˣԭļƻҪ̼Һþûô̼ˡģҵܾԿף˶
յһȴôȻֹˡ
²ɵӣЩļ֤һ飬ǾڳĬ֮ļ⡣
ʹ֮ǰ֪ɥʬȺ¼ʱҲڳĬ֮ǣҲûлɹڳĬ֮ļǷ⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ȷʵS߲²һֻ֣Դͨ˺͵͵ȼߣԴ߸߼ߣϮҲ϶ҪĴۡ
S֮涯Ƿ˵顣
¿϶ȫûܹˣڳĬ֮ļҲ⡣
һƶϵǰôϮ
Ըմأ
Ȼ֪Լļ⣬ȻҲ˹ҶԼƽɥʬȺ١
֮ǰһֱ벻ҶƽɥʬȺĻ棬ֻʶִŵظҶƽɥʬȺһֱΪǴԵұǸһ룬ΪǸûз
һж˵ͨˣΪǸƻԸմԼԼΪҶƽɥʬȺ
ĿǰֵĻƬֻƶϳôϢЩϢЩ¡
ȫ˵Ǿ䡰ƻһԵġԼȫ޷ʲôļƻԼѹҶ˿µյ
ʱԼôȷߺڷŭ֮ɱ˹Ҷ
ֻʥ˵ػԭҪԼİˡ
ʣһΣ϶ʢŭ֮£᲻ͬѡ¹Ҷ
Լ˵ļƻʲôƻйҶԭļƻʲô֪ڳǸ峤⣬ûܽ⣬ΪǹҶգʧȥǶμ䡣
ײ⿪һķٵȵȻµļƬܱҲƴճµ鱨
´μյʱ򣬸ʲôڴ׼뵱ǰ⣬͹ҶǳʲôĿĿչǸƻվǱſֵ̬չǸƻġȻôϲ֣ȫñ˶࿴֡
˿̵Ľȫ֪ԾϵġޡˣĦȭƵҪ͹Ҷ֡
Ȼûʧȥ͹Ҷļ䣬дǸޡΪֻĩǰĹҶȷʵİˣֻѡ
ǸʱĹҶûдӦıףôԹԵд¹Ҷ֡
ĳ˵ڼֵԭ棬ºպйͬԡ
*
ɥʬѪҺܶһһԱ˺ɫĴд˶ġлسԱһSɥʬѪҺܡ
ÿصɥʬѪҺܶһͬЩ˼ɥʬѪҺܵĵȼ󣬻õһõĻضһ
ÿҲвͬӦԷ
һŻõǴزȡӦԷǾǲڼضһԱҪһʸ߰ļѡ
ȻʼѶܵõĸֻǾţһëѣҲһѡ
취ĩڻʵûôʱ˴󲿷ֵˣѾûжˡ
ЩǿƵĻֱߵȼɥʬѪҺܲһĻЩؽԶܾ˽롣
һŻزûôǿƣιҶԸһظ߲㶼ǳġ
ȫֱ֪ĹҶľվһԱڸǰϵϴ컨
ԱߵֶȻֶֻһˣǴŵģһ͹ˡ
һԱⷭ˻أҵĩǰ񻨡
֮ǰоϴҪʱǶûø񻨡
ҶŬжЦݣϣ֮ǰͰڻˡ
ǶһɥʬѪҺܣΪʲôô¡أڷǳҪĩǰƱһǸͷס
ͷ𣿡ҶŶһͷԽԽĻسԱۼֻʳ仰
ӦûУõģôÿϾ±һÿ
ǵģһΪҶ׼ʦǴµ±ϴһ顣
һŻطչ󣬾ͿʼÿлسԱһݱֽֽϻ»صҪżҲᷢŸԱһŻء
ΪҾ͵һô๱ֵ˶֪ҳʲôˣ᲻᲻ȫҶһĹԱչʾһϸĸ첲
Ҳǣ߲ʾһ¡
ܿ죬Ա͸ҶϢ
߲˵ѴӦķӰȫĵطͷһʱҲˣмƷѡһ¡
ԱҶչʾһ¼ƷֱǣɫֽɫӺͺɫΧ
Ҷ˲ʯˣһֱǸر˼˼ѧˣŷһŻԻ
ģȫµġԱʮġ
ҶһԼżĺɫվǰεѰ·ܵץμһʽ
ҾͲȥһʽˣһ̨ͷеĻسԱҪҿò
Ҫ֪»ظ߲ϳҶһȰȥðնԶúѧϰһݼɵʱݼʮֹأ˵ôĻ
󣬹ҶΨһܽܵѡʹһӺݻĺɫĵΧ
Ĳһ𣿴˿ƾ۾ϳ㡣Աʱ̾ͱȹҶӽˡ
ˣɡҶǽҲܵ۾ϳ
Сʱ󣬲˺üĶһʽڿʼˡ
оѾˣĩǰڼյĴֻҪӵ¡
Ҳѹ֣ϾһʽһŻسĵһδֻ
ǵģμӵĻسԱֻμӵ˶ﶼŻعĹӣǻعȫسԱĸֻǷʲôμӵĻسԱôġʵֻɺ϶ѡ
о߲㷢ԽɥʬѪҺܶһܽʱϡϡ涼Ǵ˷ྐྵ
ںܿسԱǾ͵ҪĽĿֶΨһһ˰վ̨룬ţһһ
ʮ񻨣ĲʴƬˢˢش˹Ҷ۾ˡһ˲䣬һֳɣǸֽӲǸõѡǲźֵĶһʽһ£ΧΧվ̫ͨЩ
Ʋͣ£ҶĨƤϵĲʴƬߵ̨룬ΨһһֶӳԱڹˣź͹뿪̨
ǻصĸ̨߲ΪҶ䷢ֵƬԼŵ
̨֮ǰΪֻ߸ԾûвμӲŵףվԭء
ȥɣҾͲȥˡ
УŵĸǩģȻҪĸһȥˡһ֪ףһʽ̫ħãԸȥˡ
˵ʵնûжû뵽һʽܸϾʽĲǷ⡣ȻҲˣյһؿŷ⡣
һ㲻⣬ҶôܴôֵΧϺ¹Ҷﶼһϳ¾͸ҵúÿ족Ҽ˭ΪʲôҵͷʹһϵйѪˡ
к󣬷ⲻȻЦ˵ҾŪֵѣ´λŪ
ΪSɥʬѪҺôõõµSɥʬѪҺܣҲһǻضһף˵
ȥɣ䣬һ̨ϴ˻ð¿˵
仰÷ףһӾǸղŵһۣڶԷ￴һϢĸòԸɣ¾Ȼİˡ
˵ףԶĶѹȻȹҶĬԿˣҶҪ鶼ܿ
ĵ͵֣ȻеĹѪϷ룬ûп͹ˣ֪ʱҪ꺮ů
ϧǣĸ̨֮һжѭ浸صһ飬ףһմʧ
˵꺮ůˣûжڹҶͣһ롣
ѵʧˣҲʧ𣿲ٴζͬһһ
һΧ̫ˣʧһĶɣôš
ȫ֪º͹Ҷȥ˴жϣǶԹҶһ飬ȾȾʱͲĮˡ
°ҶǸСһ𳤴ĹҶ
û뿴ӵֻվ̨ϵһؼĵ̨ɨţͻȻ̨Ҳ࿴һϤ˺üּæŤͷڽտƬĹҶΪΧµĸãʼȷ̨ϵ˵ǲǹҶ
ôҪʽҶҲڼ˰̨µ˭
̨µȻǺ͹Ҷ쳣ȾȾЦ˼֪¿϶ġ
ǹҶСͨʥĸ籾׼ƶϮ籾ˣΪô
ȾȾڹҶӹһһһʱƣĵֶͨˡ
ȾȾôٴθգŸòǸǹҶɣԽ²Ų̨ϵһ֮ǰǾʵҲǹ̨Ǹǹ̨̫ˡ
յ뷨Ҫ˵Լˡ
ڼӺʽڽˣҶһ̨ɧΧƯһչ¶ǰ
ҪȷΧûбSߣղΪҲ˶һ
̨ǸֻǺ͹Ҷ񣿡һۺϿǺڵóĽۣǾ͸˼ˡ
ЦùҶëȻѾӶһԱչĳɾֱ̬ͣļһ˭֪Цʲô
Ҷ֪ձ̬ıƸѾˣԴӽ¶Ѿоı̬оĸЦоǽϵÿһλüյġһΡ
Ȼһ룬Ϥİ׹ٴ
ԱһԵգֱӰ۹оǽϣʮյӰ١
ǸտʼỶȸԾڶϰΪˡ
ֳڳֻйҶڿһĻ󣬻΢յͬ飬ϾҲµذвҲԵڸߴȻҲֻ΢ѡ
ڵȫ˼ǼվǰĽϣʱһںĵһμ档
ҪħõĶһʽֵĽţҪһֱż¸ô죬Ȼʲôû
̨ϣ¿һ۵ıùҶ˼ǲǴԺͬİ·
Ͼܣ¶̬ʾɫģаٷ֮ʮĿǶ⡣
ֲԸܽ¶䵭ʵ룬»᲻ûϳϾֵΧ˭ϳ
һ̨ժΧ˵ʵΧǳ˵㣬ůЧĺãժһ
е䣬ȥ˵ɡףϸĵע⵽ҶЩ塣
ûĴţͿժ˲ϵΧΧ˹Ҷϡ
ףѸŤͷҵ⣬̿һ£Ǹá
ΪȷֿգȻһûԷ˼
˼ǣԣ꺮ů
ĽµĿžΪ˴գһϵж˵ϴɾ󻹸ҡ
ڳվǲܹһۿ±²ŵĹģԹֲֻܼ̳֮һ֡
仰һԵĹԱûи߹Ҷ׷
˵ˣС㣬㻹ΧɷˡΪķӾڽСҶ棬ⷿӸļ¥סڳλǻȫĵط
ҶɵˣȻǱʶý²ж⣬Ҳ˺ڵĹϵǻΣյĵطɡ
˭Ըò㺦Լǰסڶ棬ơ
òȥһΧһȥ˰ɡ
ôţ޲ΧϸղֵΧôůİȫС
Ȼ²Ҷ뷨һʼں̨ҶıӰϳˣ̨֮ҶҲûбԭ򣬵ΪΧʵ̫ˡ
ôûмΧˣĵɫһɫõ廨ý˿ˣΨһԺΧľֻйҶָ֯ˡ
ΧǴɫģǹҶһʼ֯ûʣԽԽ顣´Χ˺ܶ죬ÿ˶пǳǿ֢߿ûһϵΧ
ΧǸվϡʱɻӱС׼ؼҡ
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ڸϣҶķ֣˵ţȵˣٸ֯һµģϴεľ飬ξԲ֯ôˡ
һΪҪ˵ȵˣ͸Ҵ𰸡
⼸ʵЩѹ֪ҶûĸιҶ
ҶһʲôûģΪйҶĸĸԱߣҲû顣
ȵˣٹ¡ٹһɣҾ͸𰸡Ҷʾʾʱ䣬ʾ523գ֪ĩٵʱ521գѾȥˣҪٽһЩ
ΪҶڷΧ°ڣŤͷǿķ羰
ȥǻû¸ΧɢˡҶ֯ΧʱβյģͲι̡
Ҫ֯һΧҾ͸㡣
ǻһꡣҲ˲һӵıŤְͷת˻
ʱվĩǸĮĽӳֻǸԭͥĥ˶꣬ЩŤѲŮѡ
ֻû뵽Χվûаվɢˡ
ǵվʮӣǰĳͻȻɧ
Ҳû⣬ΪǿҪվˣǰĳǰ뿪λ׼ԭɢ̱ϵĹҶһֱ
ȡ·ķΨһһߡ
ǰ泵ɧܿӵᣬֵֻ˵ͷ˹
ǰŵ˺Ҫʲô̧ͷ
ǼһӾǰŵˣŵΪӽ⣬ȫ׷ʲô
öǣѾɥʬˡҶĵĿ־壬֪һֱµһˡ
ʲôЦһڿЦ˭𡣡
Ҷ֪һʱû˻ģķ£ԼŬһԵǰųȥ
ǲǵӾ翴ˡ嵽·ͱмĴˣǸ˸εס
泯ҶĴȫûע⵽Ѿվһʹͷˣ˿ȥյµǸǰų˿ͣ˺ˢˢվԴΪֽߵг˿͡
Сĺ氡ҶҪ壬˦ȥۿŴҪɥһ֧ٶ˹
Ȼ׼ػĿ꣬Ǻȵûκ˺ɥʬע˼뷴Ӧʱ䡣
ʧȥĽæȥŹҶҶһᣬֱӲ䶪˳ȥ
һȻ˲Ŀ꣬ЩҵĿȫǵɥʬǿվ
ɥʬˣѧŹҶӱܱ䣬վ޵ģܵĵطҲվ޵ġ
֪ܵĽسᣬҲʼоֵ˹
гϵվ˿³׼
ʱгʣѾһس
⵽ô£ɥʬǴ𣿡̬ĺһǿǰǱҵñ˵ͷˣӶûеɥʬɻ˼
ģֻûҵǵ㡣ҶؼС˵ɥʬļأҲûãΪûܣ
гôˣѵûһ֪ܲȥʮӺгվҲȥˡ
ȥôܻȥ¿ⱾĩС˵Ů
ȵľûиҶ˼Ŀռ䣬ܹվĿռԽԽ٣Ǹ˵ˣҪûôǿ־ҾҧԾˣҪǱɥʬǾͻȥˡ
İɣ壬ҺСģҪǱɥʬһܸɵҡ
ҶǰһҲķһ˰ѽ»м䡣
гڴ򿪣Сġ
һźţҶжˣɥʬǶж
£³ɥʬҪֵܿĹ㣬ǸλͱҪǿܴҵһΧˡ϶Ѿ֯ˡҶͷҲصش󺰵
úûšֻһ䣬ȻѽƵ档
ǹҶⱲصгŴ򿪵صصΧʱסǰɥʬʱ
Χһ˱һذǽϣһ򱻳Ľбš
õرι̣չԻáҶԺﾹȻð仰
³Ҫͷ·غ
Ҷ̳˳ȥгŹرյɲǣ۾ҿֻ֪ǿʼ
վ̨Ϣ˼ӣҶʵǰذģ
´ķͳһѣչʾҶܿɥʬĹʱֵġ
ܸò޾ذװɣ
ǣǸղǰѣгʱҲ˻
ҲܵʲôǴǱҪϽ뿪վվô࣬ȸղɣοղгŴ򿪵ʱǰгϵɥʬ֪ж˳
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ʼʱ飬¿Ҷ÷ָΧҲͶˡ
Ҷز˽ı仯ٴһԼΧ
ɣ¶ͬİ·Χȴᣬʲôʱˣ
ĩϵ׷ʲô
Ϊ˻飬εĶҽʽڵ˽ˡ
ԱҪŹҶȥӣҶ˵ԼҪȥдǵˣĲסǼ䷿Ĺֵô࣬ڱĵطһ׾ͺá
Ҷû뵽ǣоĴųߣĽҲߡת䣬Ҳת䡣
ˣ¾ڸ
ղŻͬİ·ģѵҶŹԱΧڰɣϲΧϲҪ
ôɫ뷨ֻڹҶԺͣһӾͱˣ¿ɲϲҲϣô׵顣
һڶʵڻΧϴ͸㡣Ҷ֪˵ʲôֻ˵Щ
ҴȥӰɡ
ҲЩΪѣȻ֪ԼҶɱԼǼƻһͲܶԹҶ̫ãֻܱǰӡƻʧܺԼ͹ҶҪһƵļƻʵǶĲԼҲš
Ҫ֪ǸƻʲôͺˣҲôš
ãҪȥѡҶôý²˺Ҳںͽһȥ
һŻغ󣬾ʹţڻûѡ˵
ҶؿŽ£Ը˻סţòǡҶԺһ˺ܶ๷ѪռСڣеܽѽԽƽɥʬȺˡ
ȥӡµʹĺһ䡣
ҪȥѡҶҪȥˣԼ⸽档
ڻûѡ
С
ۿ˵ԽԽӲ˻Сֹˣţҵþˡ
Ҷֱ׳ˡ
˲ʶ죬ˣεαװˣС󣬹Ҷ׿ϿɵѾֻ˶顢ͬѧͬ¶ѡ
Ȼǲʶ죬ѾáҶҲû˵ѣǱĩС˵ľʱ˽ˡ
ΪҪǰѻƵɥʬȺҲԲڻ
ȫ֤ĵһˣһ֤ġ
֪ΪΣһ˵ҶһŻص飬µʱв²Ҷǹ⿪ģûΪʲô֮ǰӹҶĸ̽ϢҶһֱԸ뿪һŻǰϣ֮ǣѵҶΪΪסʱһŻء
ڳĬ֮ǵʱԶʶԷ
ƾô£²ǹҶԺĩС˵ļ䣬Ż֪ˣȴ֪˳ʲôӡ
ֻǺܿ˼ҲˣΪԴֿʼ΢ʹ


24 
α˴ļƬ֮ǰĶͬ, ΪʾĻûˣֻ֮ǰ¿Ǹˡ
εļƬ˵òģ, ڿ˵š
˴һɫĴ£ϻһֵͼ, ͼȥˮΡ
豸ʲô˻㱨˾ܾ˺Ǻ, ػ˲̣ԼܻصȥǷִBƻ
, ֪ˣ֯Ǳܹٸһ֧SɥʬѪҺܺһ֧AɥʬѪҺ֮ǰһ⣬֧ɥʬѪҺܶʧ, Ҳˡ
ûдӼƬƵκõϢƶϳڻ㱨ʱ, Ӧǲ֪һ͵ġ
һ֧SɥʬѪҺܺһ֧AɥʬѪҺܣôô, ҶζһɥʬѪҺҲã
׼һ˼·, һ˵ص˵¡
Ҫ·ϼ𣿡Լǲ䣬˻ᶳš˲֪ˣϵĺѾ޷˺, Ǿϵĺܶ˺
ղйʱ򿴵ӵп⣺Ĭ֮ɥʬÿɥʬӡЩɥʬҪ1000߽20𣬻1500߽102500ߣôɥʬ
˲֪𰸵Ƕ٣ֻ֪ţԲ͵⣬;ӻسĬ֮ˡ
ǿȥˡ˳ֺҶ˰ȫϣҲûҪٺͽ½ȥˡ
ĩǰÿͽì, òҲҪǲò¾ܱŤܲˡ
µıŤǰϵ֣Լһ˰֡ǹҶƽ˼ڽϣ淢ֲˡϾһ˭ע˽ͻȻԼϲԵĲˣһسԼĲˡע⵽˶ΪͻȻˣ뻻ζ
Ǹģʵ
ҼҶ棬߰ɡ
شٴθܵȫãȻٲμһһʽΪʲôº͹Ҷ֮ȫˣͷ·ϿһӣعʦѾӵһҳһҳ
ذŵģ˵ȫҶ˽һ¡⡱
ŻȻ򣬲²һ䣬ȫĵطҲûаȫȥɣͳĬ֮ǵ˶
*
ΪҶǶһʽǰѵĻظ߲㣬ǹʱ򣬻صĹԱڽŷ䡣
ԭǸΪ뿪һŻصSߡ뿪Ӿһֱš
Ϊ˲ɨĹԱҶ̨̨߽ϻһ̻Ҹף̻ҸԱ߰һ򡣹Ҷ˵ĺա
һڴЦһһû˯ѵӣ۾һ춼쿴ˡ
Ҷתͷ²һɨˣ̲ס˼һ⡣
ɥʬߺ۾
ҶƬŵ¶֪ƬϵǸߵ̫æ˴Ƭǲٶ˼˹һƬ
Сʱ󣬷ڴɨˣֻʣ˹Ҷˡ
¾һֱɳϣҲ˵ԼҪʲôһֱš
˵Ǻغͽ³ϧԷӦʮ䵭
˲⣬ǿһ֮εգһֱԾջԾϰ˵㣬һֱԾҲʵڽˡ
Ҫסһ䣿ڷտҪʹһ֮ǰڿˡ
˺͹Ҷȷµ˭Ը̷Ӧȥ֮ǰǸùסˡ
ڹҶûǰ˾ͼҴҵߵſڣ׼뿪ǵŰֵʱɵˡ
ôŰֶ˿šĲ뻳ǲ̲УŶῪˡɸĻȣԸ̲С
ǹҿһŰɣҲ̫Ὺšεת˵
ſڸԶĽ·ȹҶ쵽ſڣþȫҲûܴ򿪴š
Ҷһ֪ҲûҪˣǷӿ̫ãպý컵ˡ
ڻصĹԱ컹ҪͼҾߣȻǾҪڴдSOSڴ̨ˡ
Ͻ˯԰ɡҶ˵
˯ɳ˷ǳԾֻңɳ϶ġ
ּһڵʮŸԻҡ
Сùѵ˱۵Ӳ崲ͬԵĴǳùҶЩϰߡԴѾȥ˿Сʱһ˯ⶼûС
ͳ¶Ƭоо˰Ҳûоԭ۾ûô
ȥ˯ʱ¶öµ˳
Ҷö£ϴʵ̫æҲûϸ۲ö¡
ƺͿϣ쿴ʱ»ˮ棬ϹԴ¿ܿϻĲڷ⡣


25 
ݲѧоʾ, ֵĻһֵ֯
ҶŬǱС˵ĺ飬ô벻ǱС˵ﻹô֯ǱС˵ĺʵ̫򵥴ֱˡ
ǱС˵, ڽ³ɹڻ󣬽¾ͺ뿪һŻ, ׼ǰϣ֮ǡ·, 壬ѡ·Ľ³׶ʴ֮, ĩעİˣһ·ɨеĻأֱϣ֮ǡ, ˿ϣ֮, ǹ˱֮ǰ΢ĩڼ
Ҷôǽºֵ̫, ֯ûü˷, ֱӱ¶ֵನݻˣԲС˵ûκμء
֮ǰƺ˵Ļֺûгֹԭ򣬿Ҳڲͱɱˡ
ھԵǰ, κıƸΪ
²һװƷɣҶô鿴ûҵµܣڶĩ˻װƷô£еûŰɡ
Ϊڵĵƹʵ̫谵ˣԹҶûע⵽µıС֡֡ûע⵽±һССİť°ť󣬻µмͻ򿪣һЩ
˿̣ɳϣ˹ɵñӵסԼ, װûпվڴӰ
̫ˣ±ҹϲףףȴףϲŮΪɾܾ¡
ȻڶˣôҪһɥʬߵĴڸаɣ
Ŷô꣬ҲûĸعġڳĬ֮ǼΪҪ˷׵һУɥʬǶߵʱǶлӵǣ
ǡ
Է˲ƿӽ͵ֻǴԷֱˡ
½Եʱ򣬹ҶѾ˻£öָ
ſҶЩ֪룬˵Ϻã
¾ôվţһԲ
ҶиµĲ²⣬ֲģǾǽںֱŤ
˵º֣ɸֱŤǾͺˡŽµӣýѣʵʲôĿǰ˵ǰѽƵɥʬȺ֮Ѫ𣬲ҪСֱŤˣҪ
ֻк潭²ĩעİˡ
ֻһ飬Ҷ̲סǷȥ
Ҷûע⵽ԼҲܱŤ֮ǰԸɫ⣬ԸŽºһС˵ｭעİˣͷᵽϣº
Ƕѧɵӣϣհǰ˺޷յĴˡ
֪Ұ𣿡󣬹Ҷʳһǵ⡣
ʳûȽ»ش𣬾ͲǲǾ֪ʣûһ˵಻ţʵҡ
ʵʧˣʧȥĩȫ䡣°Ҷ˺䡣
¹Ҷɵˣ˵ô֪ģ
Ʋһڿ϶˼ƬϢ֪Ϣǿ˵ġҪάֵ״̬ӦǰǸ״̬֪˹ҶʧˣԴΪԭʧĹҶ¿ʼ
֮ǰһֱ֣ʢŭ֮ɷŹ˹Ҷ͹ҶĸԾ֣ԼƾֵĻᡣ
ҶѶԸŹô͹Ҷ¿ʼ
İֻܾ¹Ҷô͹ҶǱ˴˵Ĺ͡
ԽԽƶƻԼʲôΪʲôҪƶôַļƻ
СշʱԼڳĬ֮ǳڿֵ飬㣬ʧȥĩм䡣²ûаȫ߹ҶǴ۸ս
󣬹Ҷֻ߿ţȥա
᲻бռ壬Żʧȥļ䣬ԭǸ̬ĸù
Ҳɻ᲻ûѽƽɥʬȺ飬᲻ֻմαģ
֪SжѵĹҶһӾ뵽˽֮ǰû뵽顣
ҶٵķӦǵƶƻĽºնû뵽飬ΪSߵȻ벻յĩĹҶǲ֪ǻСѶ֪ĳʶ
S״ͬȼߵĻôɥʬɱǣͬȼ߾ͻΧˡ
ôڵˣһŻҲֻڵ͵ȼߣڸߵȼߣΪΪֻϲ֣ϲѰ
ףڻſڷҲΪǻΣΪʵ̫ǿˣΪ˱صˣ׾ܻ״ͬȼߡ
ĩڵʱǻЭѾڶԸɥʬϣȵصĻ𽥳ߵ˼Ҳûôˡ
һŻS߰ѿƻصȨֳȥĻȫҲټġĻͳ߾ǻǿߣڻӵоԵĿȨ
ԣʧˡҶȥգʳһﵽûд߽º͡
ڻϣ֮ǣĩٵʱǻһֱ˵
ҶһϢǰʮ֪ĩٻкôġ
ǱС˵ﲢûнܶŮҶĸĸǷֻС˵Ŀͷƺֻͽ»
˵˶ɸı䣬ĸĸǰȵػ
޺ãϿҪ˯ʱҰ㸸ĸϵһ¡
֪ԼѽɥʬȺаٷ֮ʮĿǼٵĺ󣬹ҶԽµĽһֻˡ
Ҫ֪ĩǰرܺӵĽϲ⣬µܽٷ֮ʮ
һԽôҪѵļһҪǲܽٷ֮ʮôڳڵʱý½ôôʣ
仰˼ǣ޺ú󣬻Ҫýס²Űæϵĸĸ
ȻҶ֪²ýסҲԸæ϶һֵİıŤ
Ҷ̲ס˼ûô죿
˵Ҷ⣬¿϶ǿҪڽҪûǸȥࡣ
˶ԽµĽǰٷ֮ʮ͹ҶܽµͼȻ˶ã˿ܾͻᱻʧȥܡ
µɶʱЩΪѣⱻӵҪҪǻȥ
ںܿ쿪ͽŲսľᣬܷ˯ˡ
ΪɥʬߣʵҪ˯ߵģ뱣һЩϰߣȻ֪Ͳϵ˯ߡ
ֻ֪һַʽܹӵϵ˯ߣǾĵе־ȥɥʬҲζŲΪΪɥʬߵˣʻˡ
λصһŻأΪ֪ӵ˯ߵѾԶˡĬִ֮ɥʬԽԽǿɥʬĿҲԽԽԴжǷǸ


26 
ڶ, ׼ͼҾߵĹԱʱ˱ڵ飬ͬʱ´һϢ
ӣ֮ǰһֱϵ, ֪ͨ㣬ʮҪȫ߲, ȱϯ֮ǰһֱ䷿, ԷȻϵϡ
¿ʱ䣬Ѿʮһˡ
򵥵ظҶһСĲ, ͳˡ
ڽߺôһȱˣôô߹ҶǵȥԷ, ѵӦĮ˵ţǱҪΪزס
Ը, ѾɥʬҲǰѾڹǹ˰, ջĶϲֵ, ֻϲҶĵֻ֣ϲԼĵ֡
صÿСвҪΪ˷ЩĩǰĻسԱĩʳ, ɲ˷ѡ
Ҷǵʱ򣬲Ѿˡ˶ѧһŲŶӣǰѧУʳû˰ֶģҲѧһ
Ψһͬǣ㵹ʣʣ˵ĵط϶ǿյģûرʳĩֻҪгԵľͿˣﻹ˻˲ζÿ˶ġ
Ҷ˴СˡƬ˿Ҫ׷, ܹ5ֵҪǵ˿󣬵ݡ׷Ļֵ͹ˡ
ҶԱߵĻسԱ˵ţ˵عǱ߿ʼģˣٹʱÿԵˣ磬зӡûֵӵģ˵һ²ܳԵһ⡣
һŻÿҪ10ֵΪѣÿʹҪ5ֵӰ˵ĻѣзĻֻҪ180ֵһŻȥ
һŻĿǰĴ󲿷ֳԱڵĳԱЩԱһŻؽڶз䵽ӡ
һŻĿǰṩĹн200ֵңֻҪŬһŻػ
ںصĳԱǻڳԱҪһЩظ߲ƶƻʱĬǻڵĳԱ׳ϾҲ޷Խ谭һŻΣյĵضΣֻҪƴҲܻúڳԱһ
֪ʲôʱܳԵţ⡭
һʲôʱܺȵˮ
ֻҪôչȥԵģֲĻһҪѾ󲿷ֵڽɥʬΧϡ
һԵĻسԱھ˺ƬõδҶҲ˵˺ܶζȣЩĲɵģǰĲ˶ûôһسŷ
ǽпǶӳ𣿡յĶԱҴҵܽʵֻʱẰնӳ
Ϊջ϶òͣΪʳŬά˵裬ҲʲôϷŪͨ˵顣
͵ʱ򿴼ˡ
ҳСʱˣҪȥǸðնӡ
ò͵ذæƴճյ٣յĶԱ֪æðնӵķȥ
ǼǵòǰǶӳڴðնӵòǶӳ⼸ûȥɡ
ǳʱ򣬷ӳǸ̬д·ϣǶӳûڳʲô飬ܹ׼ʱȥᡣ
*
ðնӵʱסղûйԱڴһ϶ûڳʲô飬ûȥðնӵֻΧһðնڲĴ
ڴҲ෽ƷŲ豭ǺòҶζżϵصͷðնӵA߶ȥˣðնûһ˷ڲ϶һˡ
յĴ£ǶΪ¼ðնӳԱ
ȾȾ㻹ʲôҪ˵ģһŭȾȾ
ϵĻԶָȾȾյжУȣ㱻ɥʬ˵
ûпȾȾʲôȻϲԶҲ뺦ԶǸɥʬĺΪĬ֮ǵɥʬͬٶȿ쵽ˣȵֵʱѾˡ
ֻϴκЩìܣû뵽㾹ȻôԶεݼˣĺ£ҪãھڳĬ֮ˡ
ôûпվԶǸɥʬǴǸģԼˣѶһ
ȾȾ֪˵ʲôˣЦ˵ҪôѣڳĬ֮һɥʬȻɥʬ𣿡
ô˵ˣ
ϡ
ȶӳǻٸӳǱ粵
ձһֱȺܹһ仰ʱ֪ˡȺ治ô껹ܼðնӵҵרҵŶӡ
С㣬Ҫһ¡ɢʱҵʱȥȾȾˡһĿġǲ鵽ҹŲǸ͹ҶһģһŮ˵ݡ
ȥ߰ɡȾȾûзðնӳԱ쳣
һصĽȾȾʵʲô飿
һ߽ȾȾĴߣһ˵ţҲûʲô飬СԺô죿
յĻ䣬ȾȾʹӴ˹ǰİˣֱ׼ˡ
СȷҪǻ𣿡仰һ˫أһָʣˣָ˶ȾȾĴ٣
㵽˭ʲôҺԶҲ߻ģ
ǵǣҿɱĶСǲġʲô¶һõЦݣֻСָ·ðնԺƺݲˣСҲֻBߣĩﵥҲǺΣյģиSðԸ㣬Ӳ͹úɡ
֮ǰҲų̂ʣðնӵڶС
˵𣿡ȾȾЩҲɫˣʵЩ˱ˡЩߵȼҲA֪Sߣܲܳɹѡ
ȻҡǸSǻصĽ½ӳ֪Сͽӳİ˳ÿһģһʤһֻҪСԸ⣬ӳһİġǾһģȾȾҶһݰɱɵ˶ˡ
ȾȾû˵ˣֱӶճˣɱⱬǿʵ˿߻̵մȥһ˿ȻӵӳյĽס
Ϊ˶㿪ϵ˿ߣֻÿӲ˼ȾȾ˿ߣһӾͱ˼Ѫ˳
ȾȾûзŹȻֻٷһܣҲҪɱס⼸һΣ浽·صĩٵһ죬Բʧܣϴıļˣıϡ
ȾȾϸðնӾΪһѪİ½ɢ
ϸðնӵĶӳͷ˶Ǹ߼ߣ˸ܺãֻǷ˲ͬӳһЩö֮˾˸ҡΪðնӷչҪȥϣ֮Ѻʣһȥ¡
ڼ䣬ӳżһͷһģһŮӣȷ˸ӳ
ȵ˻ǸŮӺͶӳʱֱðնӵפأѺͻʺ뿪ˡ
ȾȾ˵ǸŮǱ˹Է޵ģҲû뵽ô򵥾ܳɹˡ
ԸղһڣȾȾ£յĲĻˣȻȷʵû
ԲԼȥȡý£ǵҶˡ⿴Ҷʽ
ҲԸ˰бӵƻߣԸĩͷѪҲԸ⿿һ˿̹
ȾȾΪԼο޷ʱԺһһֱԸϵ뷨ҶҪݶԹҶĶȥʱϣҶܹĩúõػȥһֱôŻȥ


27 
ֱնȥ, ûȡֵ˼ȾȾǺ˵ɱŵ̶ӣǰ, ϿնѾ˿߷סˡ
ʲôʱB߶ôǿˣᣬֽŶѸ, ٺҲסϸܵ˿ߡ
ڻؿ˿ô, ӹЩҲвʵȾȾ֮ϣǶøּһƽ, ֱһȾȾ֪ҿЦҲǻġ
Ӻ, ʵѲ˵ĩ˵һδߣ侲, 侲
յĶԱòҽڽðնӵľסʱǿľһ
ǵĶӳ·Ѿò, Ͱ͵˫ֱסԼ, һɰɫ˿Χɵľ޼ܣﻹͣغţ侲侲
ǶӳǰǸŮɫ԰ףЩ, ȴɻڽţֻǶһαһ
յĴȷʵãȾȾڲҪľ״̬£˴󲿷ֵĴЧԱٳʮӽǼľͻǱ߳ɹ侲ȾȾˡ
ǶӳڻҲûпǽˣһα˿˵ڿ޺˵ҴˣҾǿЦģ侲ɣ
Աǻ࿴һ۶Է, ÿ˶̲סЦ֪˭ͷȻ˹
ʮĻǱҪգǼٳֹȾȾ
ֹȾȾ˼ӺŴӷ״ָ̬յĴʱҲЧˡ
ȾȾⱲ侲״̬յĶԱǶӳǸ̬ȡΪã˵κλҪšڼѺǶӳȥᣬȵˣһᾡȫѺǶӳ顣
Ȼյ״ȥ⣬ԱҲûаտܲܰٴϾҲSߣֻܳŵȫ
ǶӳҪȥ°˵ǶӳЦλӳ˼侲ȾȾ֪⡣
ǶӳЦжԱͬ˵ûмӵİˣо˭֪ӵİ˱ȽӵҪ
ʱ䣬Ƕӳд䣬ôЦڶԱϱ¶оǽϣֻΪдܼˣΪ¹Ҫա
ģаһ˴顣Աȥ߽飬˽ӵİæһǶӳԹԻ
ԱѺշ뿪ʱȾȾĶǲſ˵ǺյĶԱһ𵽵ģȻȾȾĹơ
ԭôǲ֪ҪʱôûôԶ˵
ֻҪܵñ죬ľͲǺαƴ㡣
Щ䳰ȷĻȾȾ԰׵ϷһЩΣϲͣҲҪ͡
˷ʱȺһϣŻܡƴоиĻȥҶˡ
ߵĵȼȶģھʱ̺󣬾ߵܴеܿԽһȼ
*
һŻصĻϴǻգѹֶˡ
˶Σɢɢķⶼ˱ʼǱڿǰдԼ׼Ľ顣
·ûлǱ߽ʱֻһۣȷȫ嶼˺󣬾ֱ鿪ʼ
һӦʮִ㵣ԭΪ᳡ĳЦ
νټҹҪͨһĬ֮ǵ¼⿪˵еĲ˶Ѿ˵ˣһг˾Ϊ˾³˿ͣٴʹܡ
Ĭ֮ǵ˾϶͸֧ܵߣٴʹζ͸֧ľԼ
᳡һɧλв֪һӶѯԱߵ˾ʲô
᳡ǰҲֱ֪Īصһ̸֧
һֱ᲻óģôӳ˰ɡ
´㵵ؿŷ⡣
ʹܣгʱ
һվڽյгſڵŻػصĳ˿͡
гտʼеʱһŻƶһϵгȫ򣬰гͣڳĬ֮ʱгű뱣ֹر״̬г˾봩˫ط
ΪĬ֮ǵɥʬĬ֮ǣЩȫϾͱķˣҲûмг˾ȫذȫ׼
г˾ˣһ˿ŰȫżҲг˿Ц̫Ҳǻش˵Ϊ˴ҵİȫǡ
ˣʱôôûлһѡʱĬ֮ǵģеȼϵˣ̫ɽĳĬ֮ȻΣգҲиĻ
̲סóṆ̀Ȼ·Ѿˣ᲻óٵһ°ɡ
հ̷ŻȥĬ֮˳ˣֻɵ״̬ͬһ˳
г󣬻Ǿֲѵ״̬˵ţɥʬر󡣡
ļӣҲв˳ҲðնӵЩˡ
ðնӵгСȺķʽһ𣬲سԱҲ֪ߵŻһֱȾȾ
Щ˵ĪЩг˾⼸꣬ûȫ˶ôǱ
Ӿͷˡ
νгٵ״̬ͬδҶ
˵۾ƳгϵʱӣҲûǰҲԺһӳгڱ˵ĴߴǰˣǾĿ
뷨˶Ĭصȵӡ
˫ѾǱϣ۾ڿг⡣
ʱһ߷شӳĬ֮˳гǳҲǸϲϵġ
ЩԥڵҲû˵ʲôĬٵȵ
һӺ𾪵һĻˣȻźüɥʬ
Ҫ֪Ѿӳ˳Ĭ֮ǵķΧ
⼸꣬һŻصĳԱųĬ֮ǵɥʬӳĬ֮ԭ
ԭͻȻǰƵʱ򣬿ֻžһᣬ˶ϣ⼸ɥʬ
˶֪һŻذȵǽڳĬ֮ǵɥʬӳĬ֮ʯϵġ
һ죬ʯˣôǵİҲӰ

쿪
ʱˣ
һĴߴ٣ʱʣʮ롣
ƳгǸˣǸ˾гغţҪҰ
۾ָ˷
гǸ˻˳Ҫ߰
гĴ󲿷˵ı鶼̫ȻһŻˣѾĩڲòѼ˵ļ䣬ֻðնӵɫ糣ڱĻѾϰˡֻҪǹȣΣͷҪ
ûע⵽ггſС죬гϵһȫ˳Сչֱг˶ȥȫѸٰ˾г⣬гʻξһֱгһ
һع涨ķʱڵ˵ʱгͻȻ򿪣˳ţۡ
гֿٹرյʱг϶һ˿ͣǸղгȵˡ
ԺһҪ׼ʱϳ׼ʱˣҲܶһûгٵĳ˿͡˿͵İȫȥȫԼĵģѡ͸֧Լܡ
˻ϣҪһЩ֣Լѡġ
ĽùṆ̀ôȼˡҲһ̡֧
´̣ѧһԷģһһڵسš
ûбǺȴҲûиܵκγ̵Ŀ֡
лҪ˵
лͶ׵СʹС 1


28 
ⲢûڴϽľ¼, ֻ᳡˸һĿǰĬֵ֮䡣
ǽռ鱨ĿǰĬ֮ǳֵҪ֡һǳĬ֮ǵɥʬͻȻԱǿЩɥʬǿB߶ȫˡһԭڳĬ֮ɥʬȻĪ, ɳĬ֮ǡ
ĿǰһֽΪ, ڶĿǰֻһ, ÷ٴеҪԭǵڶ䡣
ǵһ䣬ֻҪڶʱڲBµǰĬ֮, ͲǺܴ󡣡һŻѾ죬ٺǰһôҪĬ֮ǵʡʱڲǰĬ֮ĿǰֻооȲӰ졣
ǵڶ䣬˭֪᲻Ǹʼ˶֪Ĭ֮ǵôγɵ, Īس, ҲпĪʧ
ͨ󣬾Ͱظĸĸˡ
һ, ˴һ, ĿǰԴ򹤳ֲбȷδ㹻Ŀ汣ϣͬʱɳǰĬ֮ǵ顣ĿǰĬ֮ǵʱͨ, ڻӵڼ䣬޻г壬ûгʱͣˣسԱϾ޷ǰĬ֮ǡ
ε黹ҴӰɣػء˵
ĸУףܣǾܣʺ飬ָ, ʺϵѡˡ
ȥµ仰÷ףпȻã֪Ķˡ
ڻأزһصסȥĬ֮ǣ㲻һܻŻǶǸǸô𣿡
²óĬ֮ǵɥʬһھ䣬ЩɥʬͲǳĬ֮ǵɥʬ
Ȼ˸Ǹص¼ΪǸ¼ʵֲ̫ˡһֱƫһֻҪŬȥҵĩȫ벻ΪȨԿԿµ˵زɥʬõĹߡ
Ǹ¼ӡϸڷŵ±ϡ
ڷǻͬʱ극йĹҶҲϸµ±
˵¸£ͻ±ϣȥˣȻֲյȥһһر󡣡˵
ҶصΧ˲ʲô˵ˣֻŬ±װû仰ӡ
ѣڲҪǰԽˮء
ҶƣΪС˵˾ء
С˵صǸµ壬κ˶ȽǸ壬ֻ˻ᣬǸͷ·Ϊġ
*
ԽˮǾһŻһءС˵º뿪һŻغ󣬾Խˮء
ΪԽˮصĹģһŻشö࣬ҲȽϷḻ׼һһЩɥʬѪҺܣɹһЩ·ϵʡ
Ŵ죬ͷصķΧһŻȫͬطǳѹ֣ߵĵȼһУͨڰڴϡصƶҲǳϿһƶȾͻᱻط
ԽˮصĻطӺһŻصӲͬ˵ǷӣʵɥʬΧʱĵһǽ
ºʵڸеʣǵʻûвɹȫԽˮغһ֮ľʵ̫ԶֻŲʼɹ
ʱԽˮȫ߼㳲ȫ뿪˻ء
һ֪صĸϣ֮˻Ƶ磬·ɥʬȺԽԮ
ǱʵĻȫ߼߳ƵͲһˣ󲿷ָ߼߶ĸԸġ
ΪʲôһŻصʱû˵ϣ֮Ƴ磿Щ֣ҲһŻصĸ߲㣬Բ©Ϣ
ܿ죬¾ûоȥ˼ˡ
Ǵ˿վڻسǽԱߣͻȻǽ⿪ʼֵײųǽ˾ɥʬΧǣ
һŻزͬԽˮؾɥʬϮɥʬ̫࣬һСγɥʬȺǾͻɥʬΧǡ
ɥʬΧԽˮصĳԱѾǳϰˣһƵӦԻơֻǽ죬׻Ƴ⣬ΪҪսڶڻء
ʵҲ̫˰ɣ˸п
ǵS߻ڣңSܿס档¸ղſһ£ΧǵɥʬǺֻܶ࣬ҪصͨԱ͵͵ȼϣɥʬȺûġ
ֻǽû뵽ն¼ƻԭȻ򼯽ڳǽߵķӳԱͷӴˡ
Щ߼ˣǻԼϽɣ
ӣҪٸǵǽˡ
ֿűȺвγɵķֻҪССһѿڣܿٱ
ȥǸ죬һɥʬҪǹƳš֮£ֻܰиˡ֪˵Ѿǰɥʬʮӻûġ
ٶȸϵ˻Ľһ·ȥȴôûҵص졣
Ҫˡ
¹˲֤Ϣ׼ȷԣѾûʱԵˣٻصǽǣȴҡҡλΣվվˡ
ˣǲûҵѽЦ˵֪²ҵˡ
ΪʲôҪôֻǲҪƳš¿ųЩײվɥʬֶ
Ҳ֪Ŀк̫ˣҵҲþȫЩɥʬͻᱻѡе㲻˼˵ǸһʰˣҪˡ
֪˵仰ʲô˼֪ǰҲƵɥʬһԶ˯ȥͻȻЩڣΪʲôҪ˴Ĭ֮ǣԶ˯ڳĬ֮ǣҲΪһŻأΪһѹİԽˮɥ
*
Ҷ֮ǰС˵μʱ֮ԾԽˮһ壬ΪǸʧʵ̫ˣҲֻԸΪİĻ
ڣ±ܵףԭȷʵһ壬ֻǸһϵûСС˵ֻǴǸʱԽˮأûԽˮأôԽˮؽͻ±ܵ
ѣڲҪǰԽˮءԽˮطڶΪƭȫ߼뿪Խˮءͬʱ·ֱԽˮظͷŲĵͼɥʬγɥʬȺԽˮ첻֪٣ƶ»ܡԽˮرɥʬȺһ󣬸˲Żصдɥʬ
ԭС˵˵ǳȫ˸ȨҶ䣬С˵ｭΪʲôڴ֮֮ġ
ҶԭΪǽ¶Ǹӵʧ֮ٳĳ׺ڻڲףʱ򣬽¾һеֻǶȨѡ
ôˣôɫͻȻôѿ˹ĵʵ
ҶѹеҪõķ룬ԽˮصѾô˾ͲΪԽˮˣС˵ľ黹ǿԸĵġ
ʹĹҶǷǳֹ۵ģܺܿ
;һԽˮصĳԱһܲҡҶ˵
ҲǷ¿ԽԽ˴λĿġ̲ס룬ɥʬΧ鷢һŻأôһŻػôһŻصĳԱûоЩǽûС
һʱ䣬ɫȸղŵĹҶҪ
ǱߵĻ黹ڼ
µѣԽóĬ֮ЩɥʬǴӱĵطģԽˮظ쵱׽ɥʬԽˮظͷһ
ȥĬ֮ǡǷϵܣȫԴģڳĬ֮͵ϮʱɱͲǿرʺסءµļܸʺϽ߼ɥʬҪػأԻ⡣
һǣ˾ɽ´ǰĬ֮ǡ
ɢ󣬷̲ס˵֪ΪʲôҾȻϣξΪģǳĬ֮ǵɥʬĳ䡣
ʵе˶ôģΪΪģһŻֲԽˮأЭ֮¿϶ܹΣҳĻʹ
Ĭ֮ǵɥʬķ䣬ǻضʱڵķչƻȫҪˡ


29 
ǳ˻Һ, յĶԱǾ˹ǿڣǷŵ˵ҸǻȥǸ
ȻϣĶԱ±֮ǰΪ
Ҳڻصʱ, ǶһգԵ, óԵõġϵЦϡ
ֺ½һЩ, ȻͻؼʰϾʹӳǰϣ֮ǡ
ҵʱײŴСĹҶˡ
ҽҪȥһʱ, Ĭ֮ǵɥʬ䣬Ҫȥһ¡²ûŹҶ˳Ĭ֮ɥʬ顣
ͻǳĬ֮ǵɥʬߣڳ֮ǰ, ̽һ¡
ϧ, û̽ʲô
Ϣ𾪵ı鲻װġ
Ҷһ¡Ȼû̽ʲô, Ҳ˷ʱ, ֱӰѹҶнķ䣬˺ܶע
˱˷棬ȻҪԼȱһѧڵĿ, ôһʱ䣬˾ܽ٣ٴ޼ˡ
ʵ͸ҶͽһĩܹʱֱŤΣˣͰҪ˵ĻϽ˵꣬Ȼ˭Ҳ֪Щûл˵ڡο֪ɥʬȺ¼ˣȻиж, ⲢӰǵĹϵ
ҶŬؼסЩ顣㽲аСʱüͷһüģĹҶĹҶԴ˵ţǲסҲûйϵЩص㡣
ҶЩɵˣͨôܲص㡣
Ȼ֪Լ㲻flag˵ֻҪһţЩص㡣
֪˳Ĭ֮ǣǻͨҲͬˡ
ãҾͲˡҶ˵仰󣬰˫Ҳ˽£Ȼס
ʱھһǸʱĺϲŽ¡
ˣ¾ͲˣÿҪȥ¶Ťƿ
һαƿʱΪǽˣɺֻֽǵ뱻š
ʱӵҶĽɻƿȵرס˽¡
ʲô˵˵Ͳflag֪С˵ŮԲģҶҲɻᵣĽ¡ԽˮصѾ֤С˵ڲǾԲܸıġ
±ٶ䣬ʲôû˵̲ס˹ȥһЩ飬Ҷһֱ֪ΪʲôͲԸⱻӵˡʵԭܼ򵥣ΪǸʱʶԼƲסԹҶĿ
ÿιҶɢɢſʱѹҶǾԶֿǶʱ䣬¹Ҷֻ§һ£Ҫһʱ佫ԼԺ
Ǹʱ֪ȥԼķΨһľӱܡǶʱΪӱܣ˺ܶ˵飬һŹҶһֺ¹Ҷȥ⸴ӵӷ
ÿιҶԭһĮˣӷѣͨĳ
Ӧ㣬Ҫϵĸġ´ӳóͨѶߡ
Ϊǰϵʱ䶼ϣδκ󣬹ҶĸǱ߲Žͨ
ϴϵ󣬹֪ÿζμҶɥʬȺţ޺žҪͽֻܵ磬ʹ绰ˡ
ĸҶ˵ˣҸ绰º͹Ҷù֪֪Ҷʧ顣
ҶӹͨѶߣ˵裬ô
Ů֪ǿŵڰʼϲظҶϣ֮ǵķչ
ʲôʱϸڽ˵ʱϣ֮ǡ
Ҷһϸڲصһ죬ڰõʱǸʱӦû֪ʧˣ²ǺܺΪʲôֻ绰裬˵Ҫϣ֮ǡ
Ҷ̲סƳԼԱߣװûĸŮ̸Ľ¡
þˣŤһ˵ĽĻС¶һ¡ŲǸʱԼȺŹҶְŹҶȻҶԸؼңǲѹҶ͵ϣ֮ǣҲǸθһսɡ
Ҷ͹֪˺ܾãֺ֮͸׽˼ŹҶϵ绰
ͨ󣬹֪ɫȻת˺ܶ࣬ɹһ˿ã
Ҷĸ벻ʵŮǴ˵绰ô飿
ܾùҶˣ
ˣ
֪룬Ҷû֮ǰôˡ֮ǰҶ绰ʱȻҶ˵ܸܵҶƺãƣ롣ͷˣһŻǱ߻ӦûʲôѹҲڽ̽˺üΣû̽𰸡
ˣŮǼ¡ôŵĹ֪󿪿˵ûʲôˡ


30 
ϰ˵, ͬ˿̵ĳĬ֮Ѿûκڻ
ʱһŻѾлڳĬ֮̽յߡ
˿̵ĳĬ֮ɥʬĿ֮, ǳȺӵεڴϣҵĽŲĴšǵǰ, վһ׾Ů֮, ԭ˯ںڰɥʬ׷˳뵽Ķ
ŮȺɥʬĬ֮һȦ, Ůʧ˺ڰУĬ֮ǵɥʬ˹
Ӻ, Ĭ֮ĳ˵ơо֮ǰ˵ľס, Ůǳᳵ·ش˵ĿһƬ
ĩһ춼Ѿȥ꣬ʳ϶Ѿˡ˵Щίб˴ϣ֮, رƬ, ˰˶᲻óԡ
һû뵽ƬĹ޾ȻǱ˵졣˵ĩʳ̲, 黹Ǻͺãš
Ůʳٶȷǳ죬һ̨ķҲû¶κϲõı飬ƺԵĲƬֽƬ
һƬŮóһͨ豸
Ѿǽ飬ҪԼĵطȥˡ
Ůǿ֮ǵɥʬల֮ڳĬ֮ǵıߣĬ֮ǲͬ, ûκð߸̤㡣ΪలΪľ巢ӵɥʬУѡ˺ߡ
˵ʱ򣬻ɥʬߵʱలϲţϲ˼ɥʬΪˡ֡ǸƻŲʳš
ǸƻҪĬ֮ǣѱ˿ƵɥʬϳĬ֮ǡ
ԳĬ֮ǵɥʬȷʵ罭²²Ȼ䣬Ǳڲݡ
ల뿪Ĭ֮ǵŹģһ;ϲطɥʬ̫ˣ֪˯˯˯
Ȼɥʬ߿ԿɥʬҪһɥʬ߿µɥʬɲʲô׵顣
ղĬ֮ǵɥʬ˹ʵһϣ󲿷ֵɥʬᰴ˵Ҫ󣬼˯С
ܱƵɥʬҲʮѡ
ڳĬ֮ǵһڣܹҲһɥʬĿȨ
ΪలɥʬȨʱܿһŻصðߣЩð߿Ĭ֮ǵɥʬŮرȤֻҪŮĵطͻִɥʬȺ
ԶǸСŮնĬ֮ǵɥʬߡĴ鱨
ǵ鱨Ա˵⣬Ū֧ɥʬѪҺܣܲܡ
లִ˵Ŀóһɴ棬ޱط󣬲ſ˵ҿٸһΣǱҪڹ
ãǾڸھ͹
һСʱŻµǱܽ˳ǱŵǸº͹ҶĻȫһ
еһǽ¼ƬˣһǸİͷȥʮˡ
Ϊǻøһ㣬ˡڵȴڼ䣬లѾɨһʳ
ȻĹŪɥʬѪҺܵˣɲǸƻ᲻ɹμǸƻֻΪ˿ĶѡŻҪǱҪڹ
ͷɥʬǻڶȹǵȫǿҹʱҪളһǿҹ˼ĽƷ
ⲻǵĻɥʬĹܻԲŶ໨һЩһȥһúö֯оԱŬǸͷݰ׹ô˵
లɨؿڱŵĻ£ȻǺĸ߿Ƽ
Ҫ֡֯Ǳϣ֮ǺͼģҲǡڻûд֯ΪʲôᱻȻŵɥʬϢǲͨ
Ҳûɥʬߣһˡ˵ĽҲǶʳĽ飬ɲ͵ʳģֻż˵ʳѡιΪʲôᳵ·סеԭ
˵ɣʲô⣬ôŪġలʵ
Ҳ֪Ǹˣܹˣʧȥ˼䡣λݰ˵Ļ
లɲʧ仹Ǽʧ䣬޹ءֳ˹ԼѪҺˡ
AѪҺûˣҪĻԼȥͷץ
û£ֻҪSɥʬѪҺܾͺˡԭ׼AɥʬѪҺֻΪǸڵĿжȶѣ֪һ飬׼ڰSɥʬѪҺ͵һŻء
ϰ౾ƻȱȱͷһгģͻȻ¡
һ־ʹǸȫ̾ǱûɥʬѪҺܣ˵һ£ҪúýͣȻҾȥɼAɥʬѪҺܡ
ݰ׺ɸֵؿǸһۣǸεһҲûа취ǿɥʬߣҲֻԼɥʬߡ
Ϊ֯ˮƽûõǸűϵలϾ˭֪ϵʱల᲻ͻȻ͸µ͡
ల˵ɥʬǾָҳϵ£ҳ϶ˡ
ݰ׿ɲȥɼAɥʬѪҺܣȻҲߣܿûκιԡ
ֻôͷల
һʼһðУرãȳ˯ɥʬðƴһѵ飬ɥʬϲɼ֧ɥʬѪҺܡ
ȥĻؼ⣬һ֧ɥʬѪҺܼAΪȥĻضһȽ٣µڶ֧õĵȼǾûм⡣
֪һŻصĸȽϺãǾ;֧ɥʬѪҺܹⲢһ
ʮֺԲһŻص˷ʲôԵĵط
ֻû뵽ǻûнһŻأ֧ɥʬѪҺܾĪضʧˡǲ֪ǣȻǲṳ̂һŻأ֮£ǵɥʬѪҺѾһŻزһˡ
ǵΪʲôһҪSɥʬѪҺ͸һŻأ
ͷĽలˣǲôŬһŻSɥʬѪҺΪʲôɲͷ²SɥʬѪҺܸһŻС
ΪѪҺṩߣలʵڲ֪ѪҺлʲô
ˣҰѳĬ֮ǵɥʬŪѣǳʲôల֮ǰһֱΪʲôֻҪ֪֯ҪʲôҪ֪һɥʬ߶˼ΪʲôǺ̵ܲһ顣
Ϊףһжֵáᵽ˵ʱݰ׵۾ķ
ҶĻһᷢͷϵһʮƣǺǸȥģ
ɶల˼ؿǰʮͷ׵ͷȻ˵˻ʱ˶û뵽˵ѾôͷŰ޾ˡ
֪ЩһŻص˸ֵôЩˣôݰ׾ǵǸΪͶ뿪һŻصSߡ
Ŷ˲Ǹ𣿵ɥʬ߶ãӦøлЩˡɥʬߵϲŭͨలһ㶼ݰ׵ķŭ


31 
ݰױల仰׼ŭ, ŭţҪЩˣ˽˾Ϊɥʬ߸ջ
ݰߵǸ˴˿Ǻ޲ݰԽԶԽ, ô˵ô󣬵ల˵ɥʬǻ
లʳֹֻͣ˰, Ȼ, ԶɥʬǻԶȥЩɥʬߵΪʲôŻɥʬߡ
ݰ׺ʶԼʧ̬ˣȻ֪లĽ, ɲҪȥļƻ
ҵ˼ȻɥʬߣΪɥʬ˵˲ӦùڵΪҿδ, ʱ򡣡ݰæ͵, ҵԤ֪δ
ΪSߣڵɥʬ, లκ˶ʹԤ֪ҪĴۡ
ĳ˵, Ԥ֪Ѿյ롣Ҫӵг޵ͱҪ߰Ĵۡ
ݰ׵仰ݰһ, ſ϶˵ʹҪʱĴۡ
ǵģҵһԤʮԼʮҵڶԤʮˣԼʮ
ݰ׵ַģҲǸֻҪԤǸ˵ʱʹõ֣Ϊý鿴ǸδĳʱʹûκƣԤκκʱ㣬Ԥʱڶʱ, ͱҪΪʹܵĴۡ
ĩٵ죬ռܣ֪ʹܱҪĴۣųԵ̬Ԥʮ
Ǹ˲һĹ㳡ϣ˾ۼһһЩ־ԸڷַģŶ飬ȳ˺ţҪˣǿźö顣ĩʱɥʬŶӣûĩ֪ʲôʱ
Ǹĳݰ׵ǰͬʱҲڿɢȵǸʧʱ۽һӳϸƣͷҲһЩ
ϤԼܺҲԤôԶˣ쿴ĻһֱУԲʲô飬ҪƴȥΪѾδ
ȻԤ̫Զ飬ݰ׻Ԥδһڵ顣ͶҪ뿪أͻԤԼĻƽģôͻС֮ǾͻỻʱγС
ͶǿôһֱһֱΪܹŵĩʮ꣬Ҳδ꣬û뵽⾹Ȼˣҷϡ
죬ҪȥԽѰʡչԤ˵ԼԼû˺ͺһˡ
ʱûܴû˶˵ΪôǿAɥʬ˲ֵΪʮļһﶼûˣôܻˡ
Ѱжǳ˳Ѱ˱ʡ
Ǹ߸˴׼ȥʱǵͻȻ˴ɥʬȺ
˰ʶ£Ͻ롣ĶԱܣԼܹɥʬȺ
ȻܷǳǿڶʱھʹǰŵɥʬϾɥʬȺһŵһӿ
ɫɲҰףĶԱųϡ
ݰ׳֮⣬ɥʬȺǸˡΪԤˣ֪ԼԲ£뾡ܵ
㻹ڣҿܲˡݰǰڶԱǰôӲš
ݰס֣ǰȥ
һߵɥʬ˿վʧЧ
ӳȵңݰ׶㱳ȥʱǵһ
ݰͷҲûлأߵûκԥɿ֣ɥʬȺǸȥ
ϽܣȻҴ˵ġ仰ݰ׼ȥ
ԲµģϾǸδ±˾δ
ֻݰ׺еĶԱڰȫĵطһֱȣһֱȣûеȵ
ǵȵһ˳ֻǸ˲ǸȾĶԱ
ӳΪңˡ
ݰײϢܵģԲܵģǸδ
ˣǸδĩ
ݰײȥԤһ飬ԼԶڰδ
ݰ׺Աһܣ뿪һŻأε˺öꡣ
ҲȥĬ֮ǣҪȥѰټǲˣΪǸԱû֪쵽׷ʲôܾԽͻȻ˳Ĭ֮йء
һ죬ٴѰĬ֮ǣһϤӰ̲סǸ֣
Ǹת˹ȻƵòվòͬ
꣬ڳĬ֮ҪȻᱻɥʬԵġУҽˡ
Ϥ˵ʽݰһȷǰ˾ֻΪʲôҪò֡
ΪˣǶġ
˵ҽˣˡЩΣݰһô˻Ҳˣ˵ĿҲ˻
ܣҺ˴Сһ𳤴󡭡
ݰס֪˵ִֵļһͲף˵ΪԼˣվǰΪɥʬߵˡû뿪һŻأ֪ɥʬʲô̬ȡ
֪㡭ߺҾ뿪һŻء
ݰȻ֪ͷɥʬʲô̬ȣϻӵ̵ɥʬ࣬ɥʬҲ᳹ױɥʬǶвɥʬ
ˣǰɥʬûκιϵԶһӢۣһŻ˶˶
Ǵμ˺ݰ״ܴڹáˡԤʮʲôûпԤ˶ʮεǿˣһƬڰڰżǹ⣬һϸ΢˵Ǹ˵ţҪȥϣʱĩѾˡ
ݰŬҪֱڵλãôǺڰԼԼ˿
ԡǸδûˣĩ֪ʲôʱܽݰƾԼٵʧҪȰԤʮ
֮ǰԤ֪ܶüΣݰȻ֪δǿԸĵģȥ˼Ǹδ᲻Ҳпܱı⡣
ΪʲôΪʲôݰ˺ܾã뵽һܵĴ𰸡


32 
ݰԤ֪δý, ָĳˣôδҲͲͬˡ
ݰֻҪ뿪һŻظ, ô˾û֡Ϊص˲ɥʬߺ͵ΪһŻӢϵһ
ݰû뵽˾Ȼܾ뿪һŻظ
㲻ѾΪʲôĬ֮ǵɥʬڹ̶ʱλ˯, Ϊʲôǲ뿪Ĭ֮ǡôشġ
ݰȻΪʲô, ΪЩɥʬ˿š
һ첻ܿסЩɥʬģʱô죿
˵, ֽĻأҪΪǸһŻسԱسԱͬǴ˶Ŷϣ顢, ϣܳΪĩԴػش
ΪһŻر˳׾ܾݰ, ȡ֣ͱҪ˶һŻصǳʧ
ʧĪۿԼҪԼõӾǰల, ǱһƳɽɥʬߡ
ִԼ꿴δݰȫ, Ҳ࣬ôԸȥࡣ
లݰ׵ⷬ⣬ʱŹˡֻô, ûŪЩݰ׷ҪһŻSɥʬѪҺʲôϵ
ҴһŻõSɥʬѪҺܺ󣬾ƵһٸɥʬȥΧһŻءͬʱų˵ǸSɥʬѪҺǳĬ֮ǵɥʬߵѪҺֻҪо˵ҳĩķԴԴϵɥʬʹһŻΣ
κɥʬѪҺܶûɥʬáలǳ϶
ǵģһŻصǲ֪顣һڿֻţȻظ߲ٵSɥʬѪҺܡôһе˾ͻ, ҪĻسԱֵδϣҲҪڵİ
ҲףֻǾ˵ѪҺɥʬѪҺܾ˿ֻ񣬸ɥʬ߱ˡΪһŻسԱͷЩĮһûκǶ֮ǰ˱̫ˣڰ˿
ݰϲؽԼļƻͷĩĲпᣬһŻصǻ⣬κ඼һкĺˣҲֲӿĶ⡣
లݰ׵ļƻȻҲԣҲݰ׵ļƻһɹѱƵĶκһ鶼ɱԼõӡĻظ߲ǣǾҲᱳѡ
СһĲͨ ˵֪һ飬ȷһԻ·ͨ˲һ
ûAɥʬѪҺܣʲôڰSɥʬѪҺ͵һŻءȻƻɹʲߣలǴ㿴֡
һŻظ߲Ѿ˳Ĭ֮ǵ䣬׼飬ݳϷְSɥʬѪҺ͹ȥˡݰ֮ǰû뵽లжظ߲ע⣬ãܹⳡϷĻ
⸱ϵģֻҪԼΣû˿ϳοӵĲĶѣǸûмĽ¡
ףɹలĮ˵
*
һŻسǿڣֵһϰӶԱںͬ½ӡ
඼Ѱ֪һʱ䣬ҪѰΪǱҪøȰ׼뿪صĻسԱ
ǵҵΧֻڻسԱЩķÿͲȰ跶Χڡ
ֱ뿪СûȥټҶһ档Լʲô޷ֵflagǾ͵Լȥͨĵˡ
һСʱӶԱ͵˳Ĭ֮ǵڴ
ϴ뿪ʱﲢûκεı仯
ӶԱȷʣĬ֮һĵط񡣼Ȼǳʱĵ飬ǾûбҪڳĬ֮ҹӵΣԡ
ȫ׼ú󣬽²ŴӶԱһǵ顣
ֻڳĬ֮˺þãûзκ쳣
漸ҲˣҪʵ̫࣬ǶҪɳĬ֮ǵǷĴڡ
ʵԭܼ򵥣ͶҵలѾ뿪ˣŵһٸɥʬڱڳеĲֿŴϷڳĬ֮ɥʬǱ˿ƵɥʬӵȻ鲻ʲô
⼸죬Ĭ֮ߵǰгһŻǱȴֵС
Ϊظ߲㲢ûͨĬ֮飬ԻصĳԱвҪȻǰĬ֮ǵгѾͣˣǰĬ֮ǵĽֻ߲ͨлгһ֡ǰʹûгֻΪѡ
һŻسǿڵӶԱΪȰسԱѾæͷöˡ
ͨĻسԱãǺ弸ˡ鷳ĻðնӵĶԱЩǿȥĬ֮ðΪģǳţǲ׬ֵ
ðնӵľסԶáŻسڵЩӶԱ
ȻϴڳĬ֮˾ţҲҪǰĬ֮ðա
Ͼĩǵ㾪ʲôҪΪ¾ͲȥĬ֮ǣĲĩȥˡ
ٵȼɣ˵Ĭ֮ĳʲô顣⼸쵹˵ȾȾĲǹȣҲûһٴ顣
ٵȣ˵ȵ¸ˣҹֵҪˡԶڼ˵ţϴʲôʱ
ðնӵAźһֱûл
Ӧͻ
ǵϴǻ˵
Ⱥ۵ʱȾȾȫһһԲ
ܾ֮ѾAˣڸûбҪȺ˵ˡ
ðնӵĶӳ뿪ðնӡЩͣûҪȥ뿪ȥһµѵϢ
˿̵ȾȾȻ֪ᱻ׸ı䡣


33 
ȾȾðնӵʱ䲻, ֪λðնӵĶӳŷǳ׵ķԭ
ðնûõĶԱҪãֻҪûг뿪ðնӡ
ЩðնֻĶԱû뿪ĶԱ
ڽ뿪⼸, ҶŶһĹֵڼ˼ҹ̶̡ҲûʲôԴûһŻͨƷĴͷ
ĿǰǮ׬˶, Ҫ, ȴ׬˹ࡣ
Ҷſϣ쳣һغ͹˿ˡԭΪ⼸ҲҽڻسĬ֮ǵ鷢ʲô, ڿȫû㣬·ǸĬ֮ɥʬߵǼٵһ
ڻ˼, ϲز
, һʼ˰
Ǿϣ֮ǻҪð
Ҷ˸ۣڸһŻؾȵ, һŻشʼġ
һͷͷæһ, ȵǴɨѾҪϾŵˡ
⼸䵽쳣䵽ޱͷʣ΢ĵƹ⡣ʱͷľֻʣˡ
컹صɡ̶̼ӪҵѾùҶƣˡĲΪʲô˾˳, ÿ춼˼ѪһΪ˸ôƴ
аɡ⼸Ѿ˻سԱǵ뷨ԥľǷȷ
ǡҶֻ˵һͣˣΪƺ˴һŮ˵ǸŮ˵ЩϤ
򶷵ԽԽ죬Ҳˣ˳˹ȥ
ܿ죬ǾҵķءǳɵǣطǵǸƫƧС
еҲûע⵽Сж, ðնӵӳȾȾ
˿̣ȾȾԴơ
ȻϴƴʱܵȼѾAAߣһʼûзֱӱ˴ˣԼֻ֪Ǵˡ
϶ӳҪװɣΪʲôҪɱңȾȾһΰȫ룬ĨԼ³Ѫ˵
ðնӲҪֶԶѼȵԷһ˵ţһ߼
Ѿ뿪ȾȾ뿪ʱǰ˵ġ
͸ñãĬ֮ǵɥʬ߻ϲġԶ˵Ļٴδ϶ӳĿ˵
仰ȾȾЦðõ˾Ȼĩ
ϴκնԴʱȾȾ˿̵̹ȻֻҪǣҶȾȾη塣
һ͵Ѿľˣ⵽˭Ҵҥԣƻķϴ˵ĻǳĬ֮ǵɥʬϲСŮڶϲȾȾˣ´˵ʹϲˣΪ˰飬ԲſɥʬһŻأǲǻر߼
Ҷ˸ţʾȥȾȾѾ֪˿޷ͨģû뵽¿ƣ޷ͨ
ãȻӣҶֻ˵
ߵԶʤͨˣͬʱСҲˡ
Ǹ϶ӳ̶ȾȾҶϮǸͬﻹڼȾȾУȾȾѾȫ֧Ųסˡ
϶ӳܺͽЩƣĴ󵶳λãûн֣ÿζȲݴϮˣӲ͵˽Ĵ󵶵׼ȷǳͣһ
ڷֹҶǰѴ̷Ҷ˵ϴĴҲͣ
͵͵˵Ŀǡ
ʶͽҵڵǻԼˡ
ۿŴ󵶾ҪҶ˺İѹҶҲԼڹҶ棬ҶڵɥʬߣҲ
ɹҶǱɵˣ˶ô
˻æվŲȵأҽŲţŵôվ

ǰѴɱĴۿžҪйҶ˵ľҲ˰Уһ룬־ͱ˰У˵һˡ
ҶǰѴ󵶣ȻԾ𵽰УֱӰѴ󵶲˵ϡ
ڻɣǲǻһſΣſһαװվǰαװɹҶĽ£
ΣȾȾȻûпҶĶѾƵС˵رѵǽ
ͲܹԹȥĬ֮ǵն𣿴ҲΪѡðնӵһλӳ˵
ӳû˻ԸԹɡȾȾڵԼˣĵǸղųĹҶȻֻ΢϶Ǹ˾ǹҶ
е˻ΪѹԹǱߵһһŮѰɣǸеĶŵ˵ڵˡ
ȾȾ仰ĶȥҶ߸ŵĲϴڰõǸûõ˰ɡ¾ͲܰѹҶ𣿹Ҷûõļһﲻ߶Σգ
ȾȾԺԽµıԹֻһЭԸȥĬ֮ǣǷŹȾȾԺֻǵùҶǸǡֶûлϡ
ʶôѾˣӳҲǸЦƺˣЦĿܷЦ˵ţǺƺҲûǡ
ǸҲ뺰ƺĩҩѵġ
һӼӳӲתȥֻղǸŮƽվ󣬺ﲢûκ
ʯƣӳʯͷйʯͷƾճ֣ŹҶȥ
Ҷڶ㵶ʱЩɵڶʯͷʱȫˣûʯͷɵǰͳ嵽˼ӳǰһֵ˶Է
Ҷ⼸˿꣬һ½ǣҲܲѣû뵽ԼôȻһʼҲȥˡֻǵǰѴ󵶿Ҫɵǰʱʶ˷ӦЩжҲˡ
ˣĺú¡ʶٴռϷʱҶȫû˸ղŵٴչֳģ͸ȾȾϢĹҶһ
ֻĹҶװģڵĹҶĲ֪룬ԼҲ֪´ܲٷӳˮƽ
װˣϻ𣿡
ȾȾ֪Լ˿ǸӵʲôһֱŶԹҶĶȥΪʲôһҶȴΪͻȻԹҶĶûбҪҶΪԭΪʵˡ
ҶٴοȾȾϵĹâһʼЩâǻɫƫ̵ģֱ˵ɫ󶨸˵ɫ
ллҡ侲ȾȾڻǶԹҶʾ˸л
ǲңҶѾ϶ˣɫǱʾ⣬ɫǱʾɫǱʾ⣬ȷһ¡϶ǰȾȾʵ
ǵģ㡣仰˵ڵ˲䣬ȾȾûѹĿǱˣ˵ƶ仰ʧˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊǳ̫ˡ
Ҷ𰸡𰸷ǳŮ˶ϲײοײ
ҲͻȻˣΪʲôɥʬϵĻ̹⡣ΪɥʬɥʬȻǿĵģȻг⡣
ڹҶڽȾȾߵʱͷͻȻ˵ļ
ţһͳȶһų߳˹Ҷǰ˻ڵϵļӳһֻŵˡ
ҪĬ֮ǣ׼һŻصˡ㹻ʱ顣Ǹ仰ʧҹС
˵ðնӻһSߣֻһֱûмղǸ˿ܾȾȾ˵ҶҸһȥ֪ðնҪһŻȥģֻͬ飬ѡȨǣζǲִģͬͲΣյġ
ҶȻ˻Σգֻ룬Ĭ֮ǵɥʬ߱󵽳Ĭ֮⵽ʲô鰡
ȾȾ֪˹Ҷ˼飬ܲԹҶϻŭˣֻĵⶼЩʲôֵļһ
дҲ˼⡣ûܹԷԭܼ򵥣ǿУҪöԷ˯ˣҪ˶ˣȻҲˤ
û׵һǣΪʲô͹ҶһȥˣȥĹҶ˵ȾȾˣɥʬ߱˰ˣ˳Ĭ֮ǣҲ̫ɥʬ˰ɣ
ȳĬ֮ǵɥʬϲСŮҥԸ
Ψһҵǣڳ˶֪ǳĬ֮ǵɥʬߣüװһûõࡣ
δӳĬ֮ǻһҪúöҲҪؼʱƽˤˣ
ȫûʶһͻϼҽһflag


34 
ȫûʶһͻϼҽһflag
ȻڳĬ֮ס˺ܾ, ûڰпĬ֮ǵҹ
ڵĳоһֲĹޣΧһСϷǿҲʮûκι, ƺҲҪ޵ĸС
ͷ򽥽ԶȥһŻأֲĸϵĵƹǵ˻ĵƹ, Ĺâɢظ, ҲɢС·µϵĵָڴ·ˡ
ĹâԶϨġ
ǲһ, һŻܳŵ󡣡ץ˵ǸS߼˵仰˵
һŻغúþӪðնӣͷĻȻǿ, ǶŲ, ǶȱҪġ˵¼;İðնӰᵽһŻӵӢ۵Ļ, ԲĻء
ֻû뵽, ¾Ȼǳ顣ִֻѡ뿪أڳĬ֮ǽ顣
еķպפصı, 䵽Ĭ֮ǵʱ˫ûзֱ˴ˡ
Ȼֻˡû뵽ַʽ
Ϊ˱ûõ裬Ŭװһ¿־ģԷһ仰͵׾ӵıݡ
Ӧڻûнǰ⸱ġַʽܶˣ־ǲỹ˼ڰҹġΨһ׵һΪʲôҪⱻץߣ
˵ĲǹҪץߣֻ֫ʵڲЭڼɹʱûзӦѡ
ڱƺҲüˣĸɥʬ߻װ
˷, ڿճѵˡ
ܵĺдͬ˿ǵ۴
ڼɳغ֪ͳһӣ˽ȥ򱻵ϡ
˿̵Ѿɫ࣬εЩηˡ
ǺúѧϰһŻؾرӢ۵¼ѧȥˡ˶ĳһһµ˵ϡ
ӼӢۡʱһᣬٴѾһŻءӢ۰ֻһԥͨˣͨɥʬ߶ѡ
Ĭ֮ǵһ࣬½˽ĵ飬ûκջ
ص˯̲סŻһŻصĹҶ
Ǹļһ˿Ӧڱ˯ɣϣҪҹÿյְ̫ѱӸߵˡ
²֪˿̵ĹҶůûκιϵᶼҪˡ
Ҫôȥ𣿡ҶŵؿǰȫƵ
Ǳǳ˻صģý츺سڴաû˵վˬطˡ
ѡȾȾָһԵ۵г˵
ҶҡҡͷɱʱҲﲻĬ֮ǡ
ڻʱͨͣŴط˵ô棬ʵǷһЩĽͨߡصҪҪͿԽáķ÷ʽ
ܶãΪȫˣסʱֵܳɥʬԲŻᱻͣ
ȾȾطҶԥһ»ϵ˰ȫĩϵϰȫʽУ˵Ͱȫˡ
һʼҶǶڸʻϡӺֵסӺ
䡭Ҷ﷢ŷɫĵȾȾ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ֪˹ҶǰϻܿһﲻģǺܿġ
ȾȾٶȸԼҲ챻ˡ
ʱ򣬽滻ҹĶԱȻפڳ⣬Ҳûзɾ裬ÿԱְҹ
ʲôˣ
ȾȾͣʱҲŶԱΧ˹
ҶģڸʻϣҪӴӶ״̬չ³ǼʻϵȾȾ
פصĵƹЩ΢㹻ǰ˵ò
һ۾ͿǰŮӳһǣĵչ¶ڵƹµʱΧ谵ĻпˣΪ㵹ͽһҹӶԱɿ֡
˭µĻ䣬ǰذ׾ԼŮӵĲϡŮ˳ź͹ҶһԿ϶Ů˾ԲǹҶڳĬֳʱðּһʵɡ
˵ϢǸ͹ҶһģһŮӡ
ȾȾܸо˿̼ϵǰذģԼѪɽذϵĻ档
ڽϵĺʱҶڴӸʻ
Ҳǲú·ĸˣһ¾޷
ֻû뵽ĶССʧûгɹ½бų棬ϾҪ͵ܽӴ
ȾȾԼϵذͻȻһԭվĽ²֪ʱܵ˹Ҷԣ˿סҪˤĹҶ
һᵱڰϻڰǰװɡռʶҶǿֵȾȾȻŹҶˤ
ǣ̲סˣµԽ֡һò᲻֪СʵǸܽŲȴ󵶡˵ĸְɡ
˿̳ȾȾ⣬ڳӶԱǶӳҲ֣˳һģһΪʲôӳǰ˪Ժֹĳ
ôˣ˭°˴ȵҶԻָſ˵
˱ץĬ֮ǣ
ˡˡץĬ֮ǣ²ŵظһ顣ȻıץˣԲΪ˻صĬ֮ǲϷ
ȾȾ֮ǰðնӵĶԱ
ڽʳǾ˭ʱȾȾǳ׿϶˽µȫûмסŻڹůĵĹҶ⻹ˣԲܻ͵˵ĸȥˡ
ȾȾû뵽δǲ͵˵ĸȥס·ǰп
Ҷֽһ飬ʶûʾͰǷĵʱ򣬽·ٵذ׶
ҪһŻػеģذ״˿ٴβյ·ˡ
ϢɣȥˡϳĬ֮ǻΣյģİɣڳĬ֮ǾԲµġָȾȾһԼ˹Ҷ
㲻һ˯𣿡Ȼů˵㣬Ҷûһ˯ů͡
һҪҹһʱɡ°ҶñӣͳȥҹʱһˣǸʱҶҲӦ˯ˡ
Ĭ֮ǵͷһŻȻ䣬ҹʱȻҲ
´źصʱؿŻŵĹҶʵôû˯
Ҷ۾˸Ƿ˵ţΪһ˯ĺ䡣
ȵҲ˯Ҷر۾
ůůͺ͵ʱһȾȾ˸磬˺üˡ
ط䣬˯ţҶ϶Ҳ˯šһ˿ĵ顣
ȾȾ֪ҪʧˣҶ˿ڽµĻ˯С


35 
ڶһ, ܲ˵ȾȾ⡣
һ˯ʣϻ˯۵ĹҶ
ȾȾ̲ס²ţһ˯, ô侹Ȼ˯ô
Ҷ˳źϵ˯ⶶ׼ŶĬ֮ǡ
ԭǲǵ, ǵڳ, ¸ġȨ󣬽»ͬ
, ڱҪʱ̣ҿܻΪİȫȡһЩҪжµʱôġ
Ҷ붼û, ͷ
һ˽Ĭ֮Ǻ, ʶĿǰĵһǣǸ֪˵
Ⱥ˵ҵˮƽҲ̫˰, ѵӦȥҵ𣿡ΪڻڳĬ֮ǵİȫʱ, Ҷܿ˵ֻһ˷²ۡ
ĳĬ֮ǺһϿտյ, ʱеɥʬڳ˯ιСֻҶµ΢ĽŲ
ٴ߹ԽɽСѧʱ򣬹Ҷ̲סСѧǸʵˣطⱲӶٴڶˡ
ȾȾȻ˹ҶûһֱעŹҶֻǸע⵽ˡףΪʲôҶʱʼˡ
˿, һ˽»ûüˣһЩֵɫ̱ˡǸЬӱĦԴֹһ
ڳĬ֮ǣǲᷢģֻɥʬ·ʱᷢ
ǳĬ֮ǵİȫʱΡ
ǵ˼춼ûײϵĳĬ֮䣬ϣײϵʱˡ
ָʾӶԱ׼
ȾȾȻûнܹѵսḻˡ
ڳΨһãŵľǹҶΧӶԱѸٷɢܱߣѸٳ˹һѿ
ٴϵ˵ϣڻˣҲڷӦ֮ǰָıҪжʲô
ǰɣҪжȻָϣ
Ҷ˵ʱɥʬûгǰȻŲԽԽ͵ȼӶԱˣȾȾܷһ¹Ҷѵһ
ԭΪڰǰתҪĴۣҪǴ˿̲ܳȾȾЦ쳹Ĭ֮ǡ
ȫĵط˶ˣҲǽΪ˱ҶŬǿŹҶ˶ǿƵı飬ͺÿġղŹҶᶶֱжֹһΰ
ΪڲҶٴαԭǵɫȾȾ˿̵ɫѾɫζȾȾѾת̬ȡ
ҶûжȾȾΪת䣬ڹĵǽҪΧԽɽСѧһ̵㡣
ϣܣؿĬ֮ǵ̵ֲ㡣ΪĬ֮ǳһ˺ȺˣʣµĶɥʬÿһ̵㱳󣬶һɥʬ
ڿһ̵ӸԽɽСѧƶ
Ҷе̵ڵִԽɽСѧʱҲ׼ɱȵִɥʬ
ֵͬʱɥʬѪҺҲɢһء
ΧӶԱȾȾҲʼжͽȣЩ˲ûôɣҪ˺ɱһɥʬ
ϵĹҶĶŷ
ȻºͻоŽ¶飬ҽоԱ²ʱ˵©˼䡣ᵽԴӽվ;оǽϡ
һ˶סǰ仰Ҷȴǵεġ֪µԸǾԲԼģֻ͵͵ֻ漰ذȵ飬ôҲ
ֻԼţοԼⱾС˵ŮΪκĽԽ¶϶ġ
ҶֹעųĬ̵֮ȷ̵㶼Ǿֹ״̬ġ
ԽɽСѧĴӻǺһҵһһǰţѾǰ˵սǣϵĹҶ֪ⳡսҪڰСʱڽ
ΪʲôЩһôѲȾȾӶԱϷǳĬסɥʬӶԱ𹥻ɥʬ㡣
տʼսʱֱɥʬУ˿߶ѡԽ棬˿߶ٶԽ죬סɥʬʮ룬ɥʬק˿˳
ӶԱҲˣһʼɱɥʬֻҪӣ棬ܱ֤ԼҪ˵ͺá
˶ףʣЩɥʬѾǵ͵ȼɥʬˡ
ЩɥʬȻǰ˿Ƶɥʬలڿɥʬʱ򣬻ѡ˸ߵȼɥʬжοƣƵĴԽ࣬ɥʬ˿ƵļʾԽ԰˿Ƶɥʬߵȼɥʬռ˴
ߵҲ̫ãȻǸֲ߳ܣҪɥʬͱҪܡ
߼ɥʬһֱתƵģһҪٴʹܲܿɥʬ㣬ɱһ߸߼ɥʬҪʹ߰˴ܣôȥܳҪ͸֧
Ǻ͵ϼһһɹҶǣסɥʬɥʬ󣬺λã͹Ҷһͬ֡ʹһܣγֻᡣ
ҲΪʲôһŻغ󣬽ҲԸùҶ˵ԭΪֻɱģʽʵ̫ΣˣɥʬǰҶʵ൱һնҪϼһʱôȥҲͬģʽ
ֻɱģʽҪʱϺΣԽһŻغҲûкͱϹֻɱģʽ
ӵȵǰ˵ֻʣʮӡ
ϵĹҶһʼ侲ս뽹״̬޲Լһһӵʯͷļܡ
׼ˡȷѾ޷ȫƿؾˣս뿪Ĭ֮ǻаյġ
ӿԼٶȣһԵӶԱǣס֮ǰΧɥʬЩӶԱ̰ϣʼˡ
ӶԱҲָϳˡ
Ӻ󣬵Ҷ´Ϸʱ̳ųǵķ񱼡
Ȼɥʬɽǣ֮仹Ǵ㹻İȫ롣
ۿųǿھǰ²ûзɾ裬ʱ̼ǵȺɥʬɥʬҲ˵ǿܿԳǡ
ȻȺɥʬûкɥʬһڳǿڸ½ŲǱֶһĿٶȡ
һȥػصĳָ֪ͳҪʱ䣬ҪΪЩȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ӦûٷʮΣҪ֤ÿγֶա
ȾңңһͻȻ
ʱҶһϲΪǳˡֻҪ˳֣ôǰͲˣǵʱ̾ʧˡ
϶Ѫ׵ͷͲϵڳ˶ԼǷ˻þôܻڳĬ֮
Щ˲ԼְȾңнĩ


36 
Ȼǲȣȵʱû˼, ذֱɥʬ
ı˾Ҫ
¸ʱ־гʱ˼, ɻΪû˻ܾĩջ֪ǿһ塣
ڽ³ȥǸ˺, ߵѹԾ, ˵ٶҲɥʬûм٣ˡΪԴԴϵɥʬӽֽǳ֡
Ѿǰ˵, Ĭ֮Щ˯ɥʬѾˡ
˶֪ҪٲܳˣǾͻᱻ
ݰҲû뵽ݱֻɥʬ鱨ĿŶȡû뵽Ĭ֮ɥʬҲᱻ, ɥʬѾﵽɥʬȺı׼
ݰϵľֲϷ, ĵĿ־壬ϵĻҲܰɥʬȺﰲȫ
µܴҲʣ޼, ֵĵ͵ȼɥʬɱ˺üܴ
ٲתĻ, ˱˵ȫӳ¶п
ʱ׵ëƮ, һԾ޴İɫǰİ˼¡
ˣȻ˾ԲͨˣΪ˵İȫǰ˶˸¥ϡ
ǣ¼ս
˿̣Ҳ˲úȺ˵ĶԹΨһҪľǾˣȷȫ尲ȫˡ
ֻ˵ļҲ˲ֵսѹ֮ǰǳСʱĸǿսѾľڳ˵ܡ
Сͣ£صǳ˯ļ԰ⳡսתڸ¥, ɥʬƻǳ˯ĵط
ȵûµɥʬ˲˲ͷð亹עŵǰսϡ
һʲô
һ۾ϳݰףôѣͬ˵׾ӵαװˣһϳ
ЩѿƵɥʬô£ԶЩ͵ȼɥʬȥЩߵȼɥʬôԶľ޷ơ
Ҫǣڸ²ȥ
˾ؿԼĸ߶ȣˣ˵¥ָѶȶˣ
ԼͰɡε滹սףš
սеʱĲҲͷ˱仯
ӶԱǸɱǵͼɥʬڶ¼ļǣԶͶʯʹ󵶡ȾȾͽ£ʱĽӦһѾ˵ӶԱ͹ҶǸصͷ
ѾʧȥĬ֮ǵĻᣬǵܶɥʬΧˣҪͻΧҪɥʬȺ˺һڡ
ӣûµɥʬˡӶԱܿͷ仯
ǿžܣֹȻˡҲڿڸ¥ϻֱ۵ˡ
ȻѵŭҪԼһ٣˿ĲµɥʬˣֻҪǰɥʬͿˡ
ֻǰЩɥʬ治Ǻýġ
ղһָһЩܣҪЩɥʬԶԶҪܹܴƿɥʬͺˡ
үɥʬ
Ҷý¿ٵת˷ֻһɥʬ֪ʱ˺ǵߣֱӳǾµǸͷ
¸ϹȥҲҪʮӣһǸɥʬͿ׻Ǹͷ塣ʹܣذҲпܱɥʬһ
ۿЩ˸ղŵŬҪЦ»ʹܣֻذ׵ķ򲢲ɥʬ㣬ǹҶС
ڶģ¹Ҷʧˣɱǵսļ䡣
һսȾȾҲ˹ҶĺȽ¾ͷһЩҲΪҪؿһĻҾ磬ȴû뵽Ȼ໰Ļ档
µذԾ˵ٶȳֻǾȻƫ˷˹Ҷ塣
ȾȾ̳˿ذףǼʶذ׵ģԭȥذֱܹӶҶơ
Ķվһ˿߻ûгͣǰذ׾ѾԽԣذ׵ĿҶͷûƫһ£̧ڿоͽסذף·ذ׵ˡ
ȥϼһսһ˴ĶԷ˺ԼΪĬһ塣ʹǵļ䶼ȱ©ǵȴԶ빲ԡ
ذ׵ִͬʱµ𣺡ָ첲ǡ
һ룬׼ϮͷɥʬӦأҶжʱȽ¸ɥʬʱҪһЩ
ûã󣬹Ҷ˵
ӭֻȾȾȾȾӶǣôһǿˣԸղΪʲôʶһﰲ˲
ʵҶҲ뱻㱣ģս󣬽¾һֱģȾȾҲǣһ˶ƻġ
Ϊ˲սͷûĹҶֻʵشġ
Ҷɱһû˷ʱ䣬Žµذ˳ֽһɥʬɥʬǲдĵͼɥʬԹҶڽ¸Ϲǰͽˡ
ˣղŽȻע⵽ҶǰͶˣֱҶڶɥʬȷ
ӦˣûκôĸܡҶֻܴµؽ͵
ҶشȾȾֻؿ˽һۣͶ뵽սȥ¾ȻҶ֪ܶûκôĸܣȾȾɲŹҶ˵ֻýⰮ˵


37 
ɥʬλ, ֡ȫҪȾȾĽѸ뵽˰취
˼򵥵ؽһ£ܿҶ˽¡
󴦡
ϥϷ
üĴ
ҶһʼЩţŽµذһһ׼ȷ˵λ, ҲԽ侲
ҶǸ߼ɥʬܿ˽µһ󣬹Ҷ̽һɥʬ, ؿڡ
˵ʹս϶ذ׶Ѫ, ڲ֪УսϵɥʬΧȦѾ˺һӡ
ԭΪҶܵȼ, ϵĲУʶҶܵȼﵽAΪҶʹܲ鿴ɥʬĴͳ˵͵ȼ߿ʹõĴ
ǴߺλүȳˣͬʱϽ֪ͨ, û׼ָӶԱ˺Ǹӳˡ
Ⱥ˳˵ʱ, ɺ͹Ҷţɥʬй
˵ȾȾȫ̿, һ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
, ûκôĸܣܿһ֮ôɥʬˡ
Ҳȳ˰ɡǱߵĶͣˣҶҲϢһ, Ҫ޵ȾȾ˵
ȾȾܴȷʵʣˣɲҪ߱͹Ҷɲһ
˫ꡱȾȾʱ˲ǰ²ƾʲôҶһҪԼֵԼҶʱֲԸˡ
ܰæȥһǸ𣿡Ҷ֪Ҳ˵ȾȾָŻڸ¥ŬԵ˵
ڻߣ˰˶ڸ¥ϵļ֮⣬ֻȾȾˡ
˺ȾȾ͹ҶĿ, ̴Ӧˡ
ҲϢˣ͹ҶţȾȾһߵĿӡ
ȾȾٳ嵽ڵ¥棬е˿߷ɿ˵£ٰɾ޼룬Ӹ¥ϰ
ˡ̳ԿЩߵȼɥʬ
ϵǣȻʧˡ
͸లҪοЩ߼ɥʬȡÿȨһҲ뷴ԣȡЩ߼ɥʬĿȨ
ΪӶԱѾԱݰ뿪ˣݰײûпձˡ
ߡȷжѾƽ뿪󣬽²ŴʣµӳĬ֮ǡ
Щĸ߼ɥʬȻͬԤеҲǣܳ˳Ĭ֮ǣȫܳĬ֮ǵĹơ
ǳжµļٿһŻء
֮飿ڳһֱﵽļԥʵ
Һ֮䣬һŻʱһʹȾȾ˼ðնӵ뿪һŻأ֮˾Ҫ㡣
ҲˡҶش
ǻصһŻصʱԭûʲôʩڴѾ䱸ɭϡ
ڽȥ⼸죬Ѿͬʼ׼ʩе˻Ԥʱ̾Ͱڳ⼸׼
ʲôڵȵ»ķϽʵ
ǰһֱûʲô䣬ֱ
¸⽲һ˵ʵǸͷأĩʲô
ףȥˣ˵Ǹͷõ˳Ĭ֮ɥʬߵѪҺ
⼸꣬ÿضԸ߼ɥʬѪҺôأΪпܴӸ߼ɥʬѪҺҵо磬ݰײŸΪڣּƻ
ȥϢɣ϶һսˡ
Ƿǳңɥʬôǿ·ģǴӳĬ֮߹Ҫʱ䡣
ֻǷû뵽Ȼ̶ʱ䣬һŻŪôµۡ
ΪɥʬΧǣһŻظ߲ڹĬ֮顣
ڹͬʱҲǿֻǲɥʬ䣬ֻҪһŻЭһ˳¼
һʼصۺͻظ߲ϣһҲûеǣǸŬͶ뵽׼ʵĹȥ
ǣؾֵҥԳˡ
СʳһѻسԱš
֪˵ɥʬҪΧǣΪõ˳Ĭ֮ɥʬߵѪҺܣɥʬǱǸѪҺġ
ܰɣѪҺôõõ
ʲôܣǰǸͽصͷõģȻػƻôͷ
õѪҺҲǺ£˵оͨоѪҺܣˡ
˭֪ʲôʱо˵رƵʱ򣬶оϽˡ
ô
ȺԱߵĹҶȻⷬԻ˻վȥæֿ˿ҪȺˡ
˵ˡΪʱûеطȥҲŻȾȾĮ˵ԶһϱͬһֻҪӵӱܵѡԶụ˺
Ҳô롣Ȱܻ˵ֻ᲻ðȵһõҲʲô󡣡
㿴ϣٵɥʬѪҺܵһҲȥæ׼ˡ
ȾȾ˳ָķȥȻ˵Ծ˵ţΪֵ
˲ûмڽͣÿ˶вͬݰһ
ǲݰ׵Ҫʲô֪һϵе϶ݰڸ
һ飬Ǿڿ¶ˡ
ųĬ֮ǵɥʬһĻһŻصĸ߲б£һŻҲĿֻķѡ
᲻ÿѾĻٴУ᲻ЩͷŻصĳԱȻ֪ܽԴõһӳһʱ͹ˡ
еӵӱܵѡ񣬾ͻụ˺
ӵӱܵѡѡ˳ȫЩ¸ҵǡʲô¸ҵˣֻܱ۾ӱǱԵʵһŻصθһЩ
ݰײ֪ļƻ¶˾లǲıġ
糿Ŵص΢ɥʬ϶ĻҳֳΡ
ԤеĻҪࡣüͷ˵
ŸԽˮһ;˱ĳеɥʬ˵
γǰɥʬܱΪɥʬȺڸߴȥǺѹѹһƬ
һŻص߶ռƻֲڻظб
ĸSȫΣյĻڴȾȾҲǻ棬Ҳܷͬ
ԭԸùҶҲڹҶһ䡰һ֮ǰһھͿ԰㡱סˡ
²ûùҶڸߴմķ
ִģսǰʱΪSߵջһͼͶá
׼ߴķָдģɱ͵߽й
һʱ䣬ڴֻˮ׵綼ˣԶɥʬȺ
һȥԭѹѹĵط˲˳ȵһֹֹͣվɥʬѾķ֮һ
ʣľ鷳ˡ˵
ߵȼɥʬ֮鷳ǵķˡЩɥʬͦһֹζЩɥʬЩģɱȫߡ
Щ߱ҪЩɥʬ㣬ܽЩɥʬ
ٽһִΧȻ÷ϵָܷսȥ˵


38 
սµսƻ, ÷ϵܰǰŵɥʬɥʬָٳһСս
ȥָнս͵߽Сս
ǱҪʮڻֻʮӡ
ʮӾ͹ˡ¸ǽ
ڴķ, иϵ߶ҶŵضĻϵĻ棬ǽսĳڴװм, ⼸豸, ΪľǷսʱָӺϡ
Ϊĸˣյɻǰɢ, ŽǿԽһС浽ҪֵʱؾҲԶˡ
ʵҲ㣬Ȼս֮ǰΪʲôҪ˵Щ
֪㲻ںһŻ, 浽Ǹʱ, һҲáף˵ġ
һŻأĻضݲ㡣Ƿ˵ġ
ӵĻ, ػɡǽ˵ġ
Щʱ, ͷһзյĸоһģʲô
Ȼûףͷôϧ, ôҲ°ɡ뽭Ƿػ棬һΪ˿̻صĹҶûκǣңȫȫҪػصġ
û˿ԻٵһŻؿӵĿʱ⣡
˿նӵĻܿ˫ŵ۾Ȼˣ治ı㣬ᡣ
ֻϲЦķϲ˵ɵӡ
쿴ǸӴͷʱͲ˲Ծ, û˱αװ׾ӵαװһ۾ܿˡ
ǸҥԴ÷зʱ˴롣
ڣҪŽǽⳡΣԼ̨һڡıȻصӢۡյ̨
Ҫһµ裬ϾĲ챻¶оǽˡ
սΪܣԵһεķָսûгκε©ʮڣǳɹ˷ָսȫɥʬ
ڶֻǰѽս߷ֳ飬ȥս
ȵ鶼ֻһκֽһδģԶܹ
⼸ȻɥʬȺڿȥǺѹѹһƬˣɥʬǷǳ͹ۡ
ôôֲ࣬ǹģô࣬ȴôѡ
⻹ǵһôֱ۵׳Ĭ֮ǶɥʬжôҪһŻغһҪٲڵɥʬΧǵĻһŻضֻܳŹͷΡ
㻹ܳżΣ¿⣬ִ֪ģطָսǷǳܵġ
һӦû⣬㣬Ϣһɡ˵֮ǰζȥˡ
Ϣ˭ӣΪӳұȥ
ףǱҲæòɿֲȥԻǰǼһﶪȥɡ⿴ԶæӰףࡣ
ף˿ڸԱƣѹ˲̧ͷƵ˭ֻеʽض˿ڿ
ƵĶһŻŵҪ뿪飬ȴһԵӵȺ˻
ȻǸղҲȥսˡ
Ȼǽս͵ߣһɥʬվɥʬǰҲˣԹʲôսͲս͡
ֻһ飬Ǿɥʬܿǵۣοֲ
ϵ˾ڰæɱɥʬʱһԷɹĴ󵶸˵ġ
ҺõʱûڣȻֵֶ̰ȶӻسĬ֮ǡ
ļٴͼ뿪飬ÿζȥҪǣףƵٶԽԽ죬һҪֵˡ
ˣף˵
ֱۡѹԥӡ
ףûĻ飬ûϳ˫ֱ۾ֱۣͬٴ˿ڣͶԴκһûκ
һ
뿪ʱһûϳҪϳ鷳ˡҲ鷳֪ףҲͬľġϲŻԸŻһһһŻصΡ
һŻֹ֣ڳŲסˣսзָս
򵥴ֱķϵָܷսͬյĲӷԺȶҲǿ
ѵźö飬һǰʮߣԭشմߵ
ɥʬвյĴߣЩߵȼɥʬءЩߵȼɥʬֻʣ˼Ӱơ
ǰ֪ˣҲáüͷ˵ٻɱһ־ܽˡ
ˣǸҥʲôףɲɥʬߵѪҺɥʬ
˵Ǽһǰڻشְԣⷽó⵹ҥԵ飬һŻңȻκҥԶܱƽϢΣ󲿷˶֧о»ȡɥʬߵѪҺܵġ
һСʱ󣬵ֵһֹʱһŻͷɥʬڱȫˡ
ԭļƻغԱٽ˺Ĺ
μսس˽ϢֻһڻڴԷɥʬ
Һ۰˰̧ȥһսֿʼڵڰš
ף೯źԱһ֣ǷǳϵسȥĸİҪץסյ֫߾̧˻ȥ
ʱڣҪĸЦǷǳѵˡ
ȫ̲μսĽ´˿վͷŸһŶӳ
û˰ɡҶһץס˽µ֡
ûУǻȥɡҲûиվףͷкŹҶ뿪ˡ
Ȼս˽ʱ̣պͽһ͸Իָ˱ԡף̲ס²۵
Ȼ㻹ý¹ӵףʤ𣿡ʮǡ
˰ɣҲȥϢɡ
սʣµĹͲҪЩS߲ˡȻǲ֪մ͵͵Ӹࡣ
*
ϣΪŵս˯ʱµķﻹŵơ
ǰ󣬹Ҷ¼һ飬ȷû˺˿
֮󣬽¾һֱ˯ڻû
Ҷ;ȥǼ䷿һȾȾˣȷҲû飬ֻص䷿
ҹҶ˯ԭ򣬹ҶýСⰲڷĿﶼȸĽ
ꡭ
ȻҲڵĿ˵ĽŲ
Ҷ֮ǰѾ֤ûκĬʧˣƽҲʧˣϣοоҲʧˡ
ʳȾȾʱһ仰û˵Ϊо˵ԣһֻſ껹мᶨֱƸ翵ĶôܸоأϣĸоǴġ
ü޵սЩԺֱ˿̵ԸĿ
ôûʶµѣҹҪʲô
пܵĴ𰸣Ҫ뿪һŻػصĬ֮ǡùҶĲ
ֲĴЩʹͷ꣬ЩʹͷаѴԿڳԿҪֹȴ޷ֹ
ʹԾ彻ĻҶᷢʹͽƬʱʹƵġ
ǱС˵ĹҶԸ˼˿ܾ飬ڲԥ˷š
ڹҶŵ˲䣬ԭ˯ŵĽҲˡ


39 
, ˹Ȼ¥ȥ
ˡҶ߼͸
û뿪ʱñҶײϣָҶ˸Ķ
һ·ֱ¥£Ҷ̲סٴγҪȥ
ȥҸȥĵط˷ǳȻ˵, ûκνҲûκγɣ·˵ȥһ
ⴱ¥ԱСĻ԰, ȥ⼸һֱķ, ҲʼŻԱˡԭûӲݴеʯʯҲڻָԭ;
һŻ˺ܶС£ҲС¼ᶨ˵ľġ
кҶһ¡ĶѿиûпԽȥĶ, ǾԵ̫ʧˣŹҶϾһμҶˡ
ҪسĬ֮𣿡Ҷʵ
ҶӦ˵, رء, ֪еĶˡ
֪ҵˣ𣿡
¡¹µĹҶʮ̹, ôܻẦ֡
ôܻẦֱɡҶ˶塣
, 㲻ǱǸˡǹҶһֱ˵ģԼʧĵһˡ־͸ܴİȫС
ôо۱ȱһ㡣Ц, ɲʲôˣֻԼԸ顣
ûУһŻضǺˣڰ˶㡣ٴ˵ЩЦİʱҶʼ˸
ǰˡѾˣǼ֮󡣡
˴ûкκ˵Ǽ飬˿Ǽ֪Ҳֻʣһˡ
Ҫ𣿡˽˵֮, ˵Ǻˡ
Ҷԥص˵ͷ
Ǽ鷢һͨӶԱһȥĬ֮ǡ
˸ҶݰڳĬ֮ɥʬȺ飬ݰ׵İ汾˵İ汾Ӿһ㡣
ǸԱҪȥӿһߺѾɥʬȺʱǲҲҪˡ
ֻû뵽ֱգ뵽ʱ嶼ᷢ䡣
ͣһ²ż侲˵ֻû뵽ǸԱڱȥʱһѾͰɥʬȺȥûзɥʬȺûʱ򣬶ҽʵμסǸԱԶȥıӰ
˺͹Ҷһμʱ˵Ļǵ٩ݳΪɥʬȺĶԱ
ôˣǰĲʻҡΪҪŴģŲΪһŻصִΪôǸˡ
Ҷþûп˵ĳĬΪĹ»Чġ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôǿЧʱĶͻȻ˹Ҷĩıõĺˣ
Ҷżַŭַٱĳһ䣺㲻ǺˣΪʲôһŻάķӲůһŻصһŻʧȥϣ𣿡
ҶԽΣȻǣΪ̫ůˣ̫ˣһŻظ̫ϣŻ
˵Ϊ˸㣬ΪʲôҪصĬ֮ǣ˵Ϊ˸㸴˺κһ𣿡ҶԺǰѴԿڷתţԴԽʹЩʹѹˡ
˲֪Ϊֻһ֪£ѾڹҶԺд˶ʮꡣ
ΪʲôˡֶԹҶ˵ġΪС˵ƽɥʬȺȴûкڻɱԼıġ
ĶǸʱҶֻܵ˵ĸУţС˵ŮҲһǲǾܳɹˡ
ɵǰΪʱ£ֻۡǱĩС˵ֽʱ˼򵥵ֽƬֵʱ򣬶ǻĸӵꡣ
ҶҪûĴƮûвԼĲԾԾضǰˡ
񵱳Ʋܹ֪鶼ǸƻԤϵ˵ġǱ·ıʼҲˡ
ǱʼȻҲǼƻеһԹҶĲǱʼмصĩļ䣬Щ
˶ƿԤ֪δ˷ᱻգһ·Ԩ𣬾ִŵҪһŻصݰһݰ׿δˣοҶ֪ǲδ
վȱģ˵Ĵ̼£Ҷǳ⡣
ֻʱûҵǸƽɥʬȺĶԱ˺ġüĹҶԴ΢ЦֱŹҶ۾˺Ǹ㣬ǵձϷʱֻҪϮɥʬص©ġ
ǲý븴󣬲ҳʹ࣬һʹɡ
һ£˵ǿһֱûĬֻ뷨ɲҵġ
ԣΪʲôҪسĬ֮ǣҶҲû侲
˵ˣ˵Ϊ˸˵ŲΪһŻضƴȻֻΪһŻصǲʹ࣬԰ȵضЩӣԸԼ˯С
ǰ²۽¿ķǣڲŷԭķıܡ
ΪϣһǸΪһŻزһеıϣһŻٱɥʬΧˡĻش
˻ҪȥǸƽɥʬȺĶԱ𡣡ĹҶѾȫ侲˼ˡظЩֻΪܽ˽ҪΪһŻ
Ǹô궼ûҵǸԱϣĴѿ԰Լ˯ˡ
ûʲôĶԱֻһѡ
Ϊ˵ΨһĶˣ˵һùҶԴɲһɵ϶ѡ
˵ȵҶЩ侲Ÿ˵ǾµǸͷĶԱݰ׵顣
Ҷæͳһֱ¶źա
ЩؿźϵˣȻ֪ݰףٱغϵˡ
Ūݰ׵뷨֪֮ǰмһлֵ֯˵Ҽ룬ҾܾˡΪǸʱ豸ɥʬ޷ɥʬɳ롣ǸҽɥʬȺĶԱӦҲ豸һͬһ֯
˵ִŵػԭǸԱΣʱҪɥʬȺľٶҲͰˣԵĴ
ɵԱ뿪ӰͷβΪɱһ壬һҪ
ҲΪʲô˲ԸӦݰԭ֪ݰһ֪࣬Ҳ֪ݰײй¶ݣǸҪ֯ڣûбҪΪһһŻա
ˣҿǸ֯Ļ£ǸӦòġ˵


40 
֪Ǹɥʬ, ֻԻµЧԻֵĳԱֻʹԼĻ£޷ʹ˵Ļ¡
⻹ݰǸ¿˶ԻȤ, µʱ˵ġ
֮ǰҶ»ɥʬϾ֤ǻµˡ
˽ֵվ
ҶҲŵվ, Сȸպÿʯ, ص
Ѿˣ˯, Ρ˵˵ŵͬʱ˴ܡ
̲סҶվʲôվŵȥö۰
ƳҶǸӰ, Ǹһסġ
Ҷȥץסˡ
ô˯أ˲֪Ҷܵȼܸߵ, ղͷŵܻûдﵽܹ߹ҶˮƽԻΪʲôûá
ΪҡҶֻ˵, ͵ȥ
һ, Ľ¾ͽס
Ȼǿ̲סп˵ĬһҪ, Ҫһʱ䣬Ҿˡ
̸ʱ򣬾һֱڸ
˵ҺڳĬ֮ǵһεԼûɣǻǶѡ
һֱǵ˵һγʱǸЦɡ
Сѧ˸Ҷ˵Ǹɣڹ⳰Ҷˡ
Ǹɲġ
ʱ˴Ӻڰ߳»ѪĽ˵óĬ֮ǱԽǣȥһŻֵֵô, Ը⵱ҵĶѣȥ𣿡
ֲԸҴιҶ˵飬˻Ȼղžˣ²ϹҶͲˣȻιҶ
һۿ£֪ʺϴȥһŻصѡҪ˵ʵӳɹ
ҵſԽǡº͹Ҷ֪ͬסˣҲûбҪˡΪ˺һ뿪Ĭ֮ʱע˴˿̵ķֱ
áؽ»˻֣߽Ǳȴ¹С
*
һŻصĽӴյļӰҲβ
ϴˣϮǸͷͷڴ˵࣬ȴû뵽ǸͷȻҲSߡ
Ϯʧˣ˵СˣǸͷҲòȥ
˭ֻܣֶҲǳḻ
յؿű˵ݰף˵״̬£һȻûеֹܣ˵
˵ʲôܿʹӴ״̬»ָݰ׷Ҫգȴߵ˵ϡ
ѽôô˷ܵݰŤʲô˵ˣȻǸ֣֮ǰͺϲ֣˵ҽô
㲻䣡ݰ׼ʹվվҲƴյԱߣ뾡취ա
Űʮֿȴݰ˵˵Ҳֶ֣䡣
տŵǸȻǱȴ˿ļһԹԵ߳˽Ӵҡ
һȤȥˣȥҵӡ
һθɡ̿ȫ˶ԷͬڻʮӺ·ŭֵܵңӱﾾ
ߺûãǾͷǸͷ˲ˣҽӴһŻˡյȻϿǸͷĲֱա
һֹԼڻصĴΪʲôôһŬ׼ȥʰо֡
붼룬֪Щһ϶سڴȥˡ
ںиϵسڴû뵽ӲҪʽʼ
ս󣬻سڴֻһӶԱԽسڴûӶԱѲߡ
ż鿴ӶԱҲûз֣ڻسڴΧǽһӰѾǻ˿ҪСʱ
֪ղŲҪߵôˣôý°ͳӰȻôԶȥˡ
ҲҪҪʱ뿪̫ˡͷվɥʬΧǣ⼸ʱ϶ҪȥģּŻسĬ֮ǴɥʬڻصȲ̫á
һ룬Ͼõ뿪ˡ
ͣһŬԼôҲץסΧǽءһŻصΧǽñȽϴֲڣûЩͶӣȻôŬҲȥ
ոϵسڴպܿͷӰ̾ϳǸŹҶߵǸˡ
ûмǴĻ˵ֽˡ
ˣյ۾һӾҲ̫˼ˡ
лҪ˵ллԱ˵ĵס


41 
֪ǲѡġص̫, ݰҲֱ
һʱ䣬֪ȫѪʵնϾ۹ơ
Ӵ磬ֻ·˻ΪڰеǻصӶԱ
ݰ׵·ǽ˺, ͼȥˣȴݰˡ
ݰײûϳվǽ߱Ǹ˾, ֻǲں֦ڡ
ߡݰ׷Ը
ݰȺҪ˳뿪صʱ, һԵƵΧǽһΧǽıһ˵ţҾǻ, Ͼ겻ѣò׼ˣк߶ź
տڵͬʱ, ¹ڰƶ, Χǽϣڳ˵
˺ݰ϶αװ, һ, ǿ˴˵֤Ƕϳ˱˴ˡ
ݰ֮ǰ֪һŻأû뵽˼档
ղע⵽ƺ뿪һŻأǲ֤ѾһŻʧˡ
뵽, ݰͻȻϵЩ˶ʲôˣϿƲסسЦݡ
Ƕϳ˱˴ˣôոݰΪʲôתһ룬ΪʲôõһĴ𰸡
ôҪʲôأͰ׵ıʵ
Ҿɢġ˵žȥɡ
ֻû뵽, Ȼ˵ǰ棬Ǹ˲ǻصգݰס
㲻ǰװˣǲѾʧˣ֪ղ뿪ʹߡ
±Ԥ֪ĥݰڷǣȥ˼һԵջ᲻Ҵıֻ뿪ǰ뿪أȥӭǹδ
Ҳûжʧ
˲ǰ˵ֻƿݰ뿪ݰס֣ݰǲϵӣʵڲʹһʹݰ׾ͻˤˡĩǰݰǿ׳ѹϣƷ
Ȼʧֻսʧʱ˵ڿʼݰ׵Щƻ
úԿ˺ݰɫı仯Կôһһֱ۳ݰ׵ơ
Ϊֹʵĳʱи˻ûһߵյ㣬ǰ˺ٵһɶ
ݰףҴ뿪һŻأΪҶʧˣΪҪػδô죬һμ档ĺݵˣЩʧֻܹٵݰ׵ꡣ

˵ˣҲˡݰ׵Ǹƻݰ׵ִ˸Ҫˡ
Ȼ㲻Ҫ֣ôҿԽ𣿡ֿ𾢵տ˵
ԣӽˡ˴Ӧúˬ졣
ѾʼԺҪôڷףǰһԼˡ
ܽôԽ˵˾ֻݰʧѣôյõ־ݰ׷ˡ
ݰ׵ıԽʧ֪ݰ׵Ԥ֪ܣҲȫȻݰ׵Ԥ֪ܡ
ΪǿԿݰ׵Ԥ֪ܱܿúΣգǾ֤δǿԸĵģݰΪʲô벻ͨ㡣
οݰ׿Ǹδֻǳ֣ûпǸˡ
˵Ǹδǽȡֵա
ˣ־ýˡճݰȥ
ݰ׵¼״̼ݰ׿ΧǽʧںڰС
ձ˼ԵץץȥˣػûطЩҪԺô죬Ϊ˷Ҳ׷ˡ
ǶˣҲˡ
תϻԭصˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ棬һϸеĻӢۣףԶİ¹⡣
ȥҲֻǸͨˡ˽ۡ
Ҳˣǡѵ
Ͳͨˡ˵ȥɣ˳ٰæΪֵл񡣡
ӺΪݰǻ˵ҴҸķףÿһ
һϤıӰվΧǽıԵҽţȭͷ·¶˾ģȥŴص
ǡ̳嵽ΧǽߣɵȥʱǱѾûκӰ
˭ףץסΧǽϵʵ
һܡЦˣҪ֪ҵǸ˵ҿԽˡ
յĻ䣬ףͬʱ֣һŭţ졣
ɥʬΧǵӰһŻʧһŻֹ
Ĭ֮ǵгûлָ;кü͵͵ȥ˳Ĭ֮ǣȻº͹Ҷ
ֻǲôңǶûҵˡ
ǵһȥʱ򣬳Ĭ֮ﻹвɥʬεš
ȵڶΡΣɥʬ𽥼١
ֱһΣڳĬ֮ĴϣۼɥʬյģʲôûУֻ·ߵһЩš·ĩĳĬ֮ǴǾһ񻶺ԽǴ
뿪һֱڰʶػǵ˰¼Ĳżղǰ͹Ķⶫտеİæ¼նɥʬĴߣ԰˿ɥʬ
¼ԭƻ˯øǳһЩ
ҪȥϣʱĩѾˡ˱۾
úֻӵ˵ǳĬĳĬ֮ǣڱϵĳĬ֮ǣЩϢĳĬҲڱ滺İ
һ죬һŻػҿеķӡðɷ֡
лҪ˵֮ǰֵԭ
Ĭ֮Ҫˡ͹ҶǱĩС˵һעֻ߹ʼ·ΨһǱĩС˵ｭΪ˳׺ڻҶΪ˶ı䣨͸
һǿ֮ǡȾȾҲģԡ


42 
һº, ڹҶǼͷҶæҵӦĹ˿ͣһ԰æ֡
ɱɥʬʱۼֿ, ͷʱȴǱֱţиͷҪþá
ǰǸӢСأй˿̲סʵ, ǸС翴ȥȽϻ顣
, ԭͷĽ̿˹ҶȫȻ˻ͷĹ˿͡
, ȥˣʱٻҶǳȻ˵
ŹҶǵȻ飬ְעŻͷ档֪Ҷװûˡ
뿪֮, Ҷһֱܵ䡣¾Ҷһվ, ÿնԶ
ÿνҪȰ˵ҶʱҶֻ¶ûµı顣
ýҲʼ, ιҶ˵ΪǷȷ
ĵðһЩ, Ҷֻദô̵ʱ䣬ΪʲôҶҪôںˣΪʲôҪĵʱ档
ڽ˵, һֻ˳뵽ģڶǹؼĺҶϲŭΪ
ǰͻСڶʱ򣬽¾;ΪҶȸͬ˵鰵ˣżΪҶû
ԶĮĽ°ܵͶעҶˡ
һ˰еһϣֵòӦʱôǸ˾ͻᱻԼԨ
ʹҵõӦ̫ҲصѹƲ÷ὫһƵøԶ
ڵθѿʱ, ĩˣصѹȽ°Ѿ˻ȥϣڲԸڸ
ĩѾûΪˡҲֻôһ㲻
Լþôһ㡣
ڽӶǡһ㡱Ĳʱͷ߽һŶӹ˿͵ˡ
ȾȾֱߵ̨棬Χȹףùļӣ˵ڷʲô
Ž˵仰ǰĹ˿ͣҪͷ
ףλ˫̥𣿡ӹͷĹ˿ͺʵ
ǣôܣֻھӡȾȾٵؽӴһλ˿͡
Ϊ֮ǰɥʬΧǵ飬һʱỹ벻һŻأֻýסڹҶ׷ڲŻæ
Ǹ˵ΪʲôͻȻʧˣȾȾҲʡĩټ򵥲ˡ
ȻΧƵҲҪˣȾȾɨҶͽ£ôô֣
֪˼ĹҶŬˣ⼸״̬Ѿ˺ܶˡ
죬ӻ۵ĵһоǾ֪־Ժδ
ڴеĹۣ־ľˣһһسСȻ֧ܽŹȥɲ֪ʱٵľˣٱȾµĿ־塣
ֿµѹ޷ֻԶر۾Ҫ󿴵ԵĽ£ҪһС
˺þòŽԤУ־ֻҪһиͻ
Ҷ֪־Ǵӡļй¶ģǸĩԼ
ºҶΪˡ֪Щ¹ҶûЩ䣬ɲԼƻͲܽС
ҶΪ˵ߥޣӲ¾Ӫ̡
˵Ҳ棬˼ͷͺת˺ܶࡣ
룬ΪֿĳּЩϲĻسԱ
˸뿪Ǽ죬̲סĩС˵˵Ľ֣Ʋס˼˵Ľֻ᲻ᶼı䣬Ǹڵһ
뷨ԺʱѾ˾ľϾҪûһ˲䣬ԼԼĵľԴ͸뷨йء
˼ǣļ仰׾ٵؾƽϢǳˡ
ͷóˡˣɡϴǸСأ
ҶŬЦ³ȥˡ
ô˵ĽֺС˵һȫһĽ֡
ԼľǸС˵ﱻεѡ
ΪػҪһŻض뿪ΪǸԽˮء
С˵Ľֲı䣬ô˿̾ûǰðĴͷˡ
ΪʲôͲܺһԼȥѡ񣬶ԶС˵ľʲô֪С˵ľ󣬾ԺûܣҪֺý£κμƻǴС˵ľ
֪ЩסЩԤ֪ӦֻǸѡǱʶЩҲζӵиıδ
ԣԤ֪δȻҲ塣֮ǰݰףǹҶûӹ塣
Ҷ֪С˵ĶʮѿϵһһĵЩҲ룬һһɢͷС
⼸죬ҶǼװû£û£ﻹмѹˣҲûеԲ
лҪ˵ллĵס


43 
ͷȵʱ, ȾȾӵı꣬׼Ҷͽµмˡ
Լѽ
Ҷ, һ¡ȾȾӲͷƤ˵
ҶطеĹߣȾȾȥߵ·, ԭվһĽͻȻ, ǿаѹҶķȥ
˱ŤıӰȾȾǺ˼
˵ѽ, вļһԣ
ķֻšӣ֮, յķĪĺͺͽĺһ
ֺ͹ҶǱͷѬ, μͬǴ˿̲ͬľ
˿̵ĹҶ΢ܵ˽µĲ, ԡеԴͷãȻ
¾ôҶ˫۾ãȻ, ȥ
ʲôʱʼϲϹҶģ
벻ˡ
ʶҶĵһ;ùҶǸֵС˼ֵġˡ
ҶҪĶ, ʹҶҶӵеһУζεġ
ȵΪʲôʱ˹ҶҲҪġ
ҶεԿףûйҶԶޱߵجǻţԶѲˣΪ֪ʲôΡ
ôˣôõض۾ҶЩѹ
û¡̹ϵ˵ҲǽˡҶ, ȴ͹ҶԼʵ
澵ӣǻھӳԼǰϵĲǶԷӵжԷݵԼıõġУôҪôǾˣҪôǳϾеǸԼ
ڽºܿ͵˸ıһе
պġŻػλSߺоĸ߲վһԡ
εSɥʬѪҺܷƷȡˡչǺ͹ѻǩЭ飬ҪϺ˻طоĸ߲˵
ĩССĻ˸ˣŻؼĹѻֻС
ССּͬѻ˵ּǣгԱоҵĳɹڿо磬սĩ
˭ȥףʵ
͵˻زʲô򵥵񣬹ѻǸˣϺĳԱԿԽ硣
Ϊ֮ǰġ繫ĲҰѻ˲ȡ˫ϢͻƱ֤Ϣ׼ȷԡ
AҪоɹҪļյλã͸BCDȻءBյļ󣬻̸һݣCDȻءҲ˵CػյABļDػյABCļԽĻյķԽࡣͨļĶԱȣԱĴ͹гֵ⡣
Żǵڡγ䵱ļߣΪλ⣬϶ˣ֮ǰĩļߵġ
˵ȥ𣿡ؿ˱ϣɴࡪƨ£ŤŤȥ
ף࿴⾰Ҫˣ˵ţ㲻С
ȥɡ˵
ϴεɥʬ¼ףѾٲ콭Ըеְģ
ǾȥɡףˬشӦˡ
ԣΪʲôҪҹ뿪ǼֵǵġΡ
̬ᶼûеķʾͬ
Ϊ˵ĿᣬпᣬıǽĻءףԺ׵S߲ǳоݵ˵
ظ˽¼ʱ䣬ϾγʻҪġΪǳԽֻҪг嵥лרŵ˸
ڵݽ嵥ʱ򣬻ˡݶ嵥
Ҳһ£ԼĻ֡
˻صʱ;һҪȥΪյλãһŻΪļͻصĻôĩļջؾϣ֮ǵ賿ء
֮ǰֱ룬Ҫʲôʱ򽫹Ҷ͵ϣ֮ǡȻôõĻᣬպÿһ¡
ɥʬΧ¼˼Ľ
ȻĬ֮ѾˣŻվûϣ֮ǰȫ⡪ļʱܳҲ㹻ʱŹҶߵϣ֮ǡߵϣ֮ǣѾƳɹˡ
´оǱߵõϢ֮ǰѻ˵Ѿ˰ٷ֮ʮΪǸ繫ĲҰоʧˣֻص˰ٷ֮ʮоĳɹпܽٴƵٷ֮ʮߡ
һֻ¿еһ죬ǳˡ
Ȼ˽µϡ
ȾȾǳȻشͣڻſڵ˳ǻصظҵĽͨߡϾһŻأҲûбʵĳˡ
ȾȾ߰ĴС㣬㶼ûвΪʲôԾĵطֻ㳵ȥĶѡ˵ˣ֮ǰҶ˺üͷ
˳ĳֿʼת˻ſڵɳҲ˻ˡ
ˡ߽ŻأҲˡ뿪Żء
˳ĳͷŽշе¿ƬһŻصĹ֪ĸ˶磬ĹϱˡЦ̫¿дţףŻһսʤɥʬΪ˹ȥδ
ЩԶ̫ǳ뺣ףҲԶ̫Ϩ
Ĭ֮ƪ
лҪ˵֮ǰ岻ã۾Ĥ׷Ŷ϶²ã͸ɴͣһʱϢx


44 
˶δ˳Ƥ, ƵڷعţǰԽԽģȵҰȫ°ѳͣ, صˢ
ôһôꡣĹҶųľɫ, ˾Ǳ͸
һǰһŻس, ļһ·Ҳûзʲô⣬Ѿ߹, ǰء
Ѿٳǵĵؽ˰ɡȾȾ˵ϸֳֵı顣
ǵģٳǡµɫҲÿ
ûмĹҶһµ飬̷Ӧ˹, ʵٳǷʲô𣿡
һٳǻءĹģǳ, һŻضҪ󡣡ȾȾش
ǺأҶʵ
ȾȾסԼĿ־壬˵һҹ֮, ؾͱ, һҹŴģ˵ƾô󣬵ȴûнκһĻ档µǻص˶ǳ, ûһӳû֪Ϊʲôӳء
˵ºǽߵȾȾԾزǹҶµ˺ƽļ򣬰ο˵ţģֻ·³ġ
ڹҶִȾȾϵһ˲䣬ȾȾ̲, ֱϰԵؿǰȻֱ伸ֵ
Դ㳵ϰˡ¿񣬻Ͼδʵкͳʵ֪֡Ҫǹܻϵóºڷߵҹ¶ĸĽҰˡ
ȷʵΪȾȾܲģʵûлָǰˮƽһȾȾҶİȫͶһݱϡ
ȾȾһˣ²ºڷߵҹĸĽҰ⡣ֻڹ컯֮£ŹҶ棬ȥ
ͬеһ£ȾȾԹҶе˼һ̣ýº͹Ҷ췭ظ˳
ȾȾûУǵ;˳
ÿտ˼ȣûϴ֣ȾȾһŲһ㣬ܿҶĴ
ҶƵԼ֣ܲڴ򿪳͵ϴְɡ
һǸ´նʱʧһɶ
ǳͨĻܵȼĻͨˮ𡣡
ֻǵ;˵ȾȾ֪ǳ顣
԰ĩڵʱҾߣǸܱġȾȾһӾǸµĿʼ
¼ؿȾȾ˵ֻǵͼߣŻյٳǻصS
ûаѺļ˵ΪҲ֪ôƺλ
λٳǻصıߣһУλҲɥʬֻػһŻصһ죬ַŻյٳǻء
ǸµҲûʲôµģû˴ӻӳԭܼ򵥡ΪϣصΧɥʬӳ˶ɥʬ
ŽµĽͷƽСǵҰҲڳԻ͹Ļء
ǳƺֻٻ꣬ǽ£ԶԶȥܸܵὨǽʱġǽŵĻڲһĸ¥ãҲԭķɡ
ߵĽϣһģٳǻؽգлسԱһġɻ˱ҲҪˣܷκһˡ
͵ٳǻȣŬһŻؼֱ
ڿٳǻصȫò˶þû˵
λߣΪʲôҪֻĻأ
˵󣬹Ҷһ飬ǱĩС˵ȷʵҲһֻٵԼĻء
ûмǴĻǸ˵ֽల
Ҷֵɲǣȭͷһ㶼֡
֪˵ȷǸ߽ల֪ٳǻҲǹѻ˵ģ˫ļƶƺٳǻسǰʱġ
±Ҷ£ԱȾȾøȫʵϧǹҶһֲȻ̬ת˻⡣
Ҷ˵Ϣ
̫˽Ҷˣ˹Ҷల֡
ǹȥʮһμҶ̬ȡ
һʱ䣬룬֪ļ⻹ûнμ֣׼ȥһ£ܴܲƬҶలʲôϵ
лҪ˵ȾȾҾһ̵ģҲÿ춼ڳԴףֶܳԴס
£Ͼסٳǻأû˻Ầ°ɡ
ȾȾ


45 
֮ǰ;, Ҫô˻ϢҪôǿųڳϢǴû¸غԶûΡ
ȻһŻظǵһܱߵ϶Ļˮ, ʵڲʺϴ
֮£һȥٳǻؿ
µĻ, ȾȾò˵𣿡
ġ۾дšʲôĻ, Լɡ
ûµģڶĩ, ˶ɥʬˣɹġҶһֵİοɡ
ȾȾ΢ЩȵǵĳӶ쿪ٳǻ, ŷӦ, һصɥʬѵȹ
ԶĲͬٳǻصڲдչĺۼ, ЩϵǺɫĴۼ
³, ȾȾضȥ۲ŵϵĺɫۼһԶŹҶգЩϴɫ˵ѪգǱǿķպۼ
Ҷ¶صͷ, յȾȾ̾ŵԶǿ棬վĵͬźۼһʱڵϷʮֻ
ĩûмѪ𣿡³ܰʱ
ҼĴ󲿷ֶɥʬѪȾȾػ
ɥʬǰҲɡƺǴˣ۾һıȴʾĻ
ǿҶûĶԻָĵһɫ˵
ǴɫȥûʲôرģͺĩǰЩͨĽһرĵط
ɫĽչ, ôرԣʹԶµǽ߽˿ҲѬĺۼĿԳƵ£ÿŽǽһǸǽϿŰƣֻҪй棬ԼԼһͼǸͼˮΡ
ǹȥ׹Ҷ˼Ҳһֱμ뿪˵Ĺڡ֡顣ϳֱǴȥ
㱻µȾȾ˳˵ǲϵס˿ֲӰЩǿ󶼻ġ
µ˼ǰĽϣûǺȾȾԻشǹҶ
˿ֲӰҲĩΣǡѾĩˡ
£ȾȾͲˡ
ŪȥȾȾ²һ㣬ʹĩҲ
ûмӣǵĳͿſڡ
վʱ򣬲ʶǸղ˵¶޷°ִڽǽһĨϸɸɾˮζûմڰСʱǰﻹ¹ꡣ
ٳϣоһ˹ϵơ
Ҳ⽨ǽһոµˡ
ȾȾԽԽëȻѾӵĽŵˣߵ˻ɳȣƺ׼ȥ
͵ϸǸҶͬ˳Ĭ֮¼ûĹҶɳٶЩˡ弡һֱڣ֮ǰȱʧֻսеưˡ
ûǳɽƺĿ־ʱôսʱɥʬĿ־ͲܹӰˡ
֮ûжȾȾһԭǣȾȾһǳʺϵѡ
ȾȾܲ˵ҶѵҶһıܣؼǣȾȾ˲䣬رǲԼҶ
һĴȾȾҶ¶ܿȾȾҹ˯˼µʹüܡ
ҲȾȾԴΣȾȾȴֺ⡣
ȾȾֶԹҶԴһӾ˽µľ裬˭ȷ֮С
ҪȥһͺΣաȾȾѵ
Ҷ°ɡ˵
ǻһȥɡȾȾֻȰɲ͹Ҷһԭء
ʱ߸ϵСȻμҿֲƬļҲѧϰʱ򣬱ŵĿֲƬ
ôֲƬ˵һŵķɢжĿʼ
գ˻һ߽Ľ
ĸֲúһŻصоûжһ˵ĻнֵˮζǶҪԼصһŻء
ȾȾӵĿֲƬ벻ͬҶͽµһӦǿ˺һߣ˻þ֮С
ȾȾ㿴ʲôָǰĺɫʵ
ȾȾûȥһŻصо˻þȾȾľҲԺĲͬ
ʲôҸÿʲôȾȾŵ״ˡ
ÿ˶µĶȾȾ˵µľǵĿֲƬ˿̸ûеҶָ߰ģԵмִɵ
͹Ҷͳ´ɵǱ˹Ҷһ侲ĹҶǱȾȾҶȻʲôֲƬϲľǿֲƬˡĩʱãΪֲƬĩܻȥ硣


46 
һڿʲôҶȾȾµľʧ롣ǰʱ, ͬѧڿֲƬʱҲŵþʧ룬οȾȾǴʵĻ
뵽ҶԵĽ¡ʱ, ƺЩԼ, Լ²ۡ
׺, һֱ벻׵Ļһ㡣һ󲿷˲ǻϲǰװ£Ȼٽ
ע⵽ҶĿ, ҲžֹĻؽţѧУ, Ļž㤵Ļ, ĻǰȴԴ˺޷ӦΧһ, һֻ˵硣
ڱ˴˵, ȻԼҲûʶһ㡣ԼȱݣԵʱƿԷ
ֻʶʱ, ǲŻ῿һű˴ֿ
ŵðȾȾ˿ȫû²ԲֳϵĹ£Ͱ͵˵󣺡ҿһɫĽ죬дŸлҽҹʱĩǰʱ䡣
Ӧòǻþ˵˿ľȾȾһ
Ѱоûע⵽ǽоһ̣һ˫۾ڶǣһпֲƬõһģһ
˫۾Բ, ۾ﻹǱϷŪŭ
˫۾ҲǿֲƬı䣬һСȹӵŮһƬ
СŮĽһ֧ܣϵıǩдšһš
оһ㲢ûҵʲô
Ҳ壬Ҳôҵúõġ
ҲҪڶɣº͹ҶǳĬ¥ݿڡȾȾĲȥˣḻĿֲƬòȥ
Ȼʰһ㲻ͬоĶǷҰĵطĵɢźܶģϵֽŵƬ
ƴɣõҲ̫ûˡҶ˵
ΣȾȾùȻζôãĻû˼
ڳĸֻСĻ֡ãȻ
ǴӤʵСϸɫȺڸʲôôͻȻƴֽˡ
ˣҲŪס
Ļֶ֡еƬƬϹҶɵģϴǲֱӵΧ
ֲ˵ҶȾȾú񡣡СŮݰ׸ϢҶǿȥǸȾȾǴǸ
СŮϢϸ۲ͷˣѸΪ¿ʼȾȾ
һ￴ȥôһǹҶСŮš
ĵϣѾѸٰƬƴ
ЩƬƴճƺһרҵоļڳûһܿ˵ʲô
Ҳȫûջ
ƴյһҳ˸ӡ£һ۾ͿеһŻӡ¡
ˣļʲô
Ƿ˲ҰļҲļ֮˲ſʼ˫ļƶȡ
ΪǳɣļӡոǵģһﲻŹκһĻᣬ͵͵ӡϿһЦļ档
ȵһŻزʱļѾ׷ˡ
ǸҰȻû繫ΪSߵĽ»֪һЩġ˵滻ļĺ벿֣ݳо粻ûãñעֱӱɥʬ
ΪҰ÷ٳǻأû֪ĸڱ滻ˡ
ǸĻʲôĪҳ滻ļˣҶ
һ͵ġĻ֡СŮãˣǵ˵ʲôͲҪʲôˡοû滻ļˡ
˵ôɽЩ
඼αģµ񣬻Ҫڵࡣ
СŮִԵıóһ֧磬͸ղŵ粻֧ͬıǩǡһš
ԥһ£Ƿעͷ֧˱
һĿûڵ͸
ҿ˹Ҷһվڻ֮У˻ӵţһŻ棬ֱ˴ˡǸݰ˵δ
Ǹûõļһ˷֧ѪҺܺ󣬾Ȼеǰ
֪һԤ֪δҪͬʱĴۡΪ˽ѵһԤ֪δ
Ϊһκľݰʣʱ䣬Ͼɥʬߡ
û뵽ݰһﾹȻˣҿȥûбϡ
һӾζʲôʱŵݰױζʲô


47 
Ӿζʲô, ͬǸݰױס
ζδʱʣ޼úҪȥˡ
Ԥ֪δ飬ÿ˵̬ȶͬ, Ҳ˶ͬԤ֪δġ
οɥʬߡ
Ǹҹ֮ٵٳǻصలǸüʮĶħ
ͷӸ, ϾҪ, ŻһĻ
رĩֻɥʬûй
Ȼδ￴ǸŮ, ôھȥɱǸйҶŮˡڻǸͷӵԤҲǲ׼ġ
µʱǸͷӵɫ, ߵǸӸŵ˫ȶվסˡ
˵α, ֮ǰݰΪ֤ԤԣϧٵŻ, صΣ֮, ô˺޹ˡ
ȻⲻαģαǰѹҶϽ, ϸôֹҶȾȾ
ƺִѧ⣬޹˺ͺ޹ˣǿƺرģƺǵľͿԵԱȫ
ǣġ
ͲˣõҪϢ󣬾ͰͷӺ֮ϡ
Щҳϵɥʬʹǻṧءźǣֱȥ졣
ǸͷӦúڵ֪ԤԳ֮ȥ, Ͼ֪ԼԤ֪ܺ󣬾ѾʧȥңôΪȥҲǼҵɡ
ЩΪٳǸɾδȥôҡ
ڴЩల̤ɱҶ;ֻǷǳɣǺ͹ҶǴ
ֱǰ죬Ϊ̫ûлص֮ǣ⡣
˲ͬȻγɵɥʬߣ˹ԤγɵɥʬߡΪ˱ٳǻأע磬ΪɥʬߵģڳĬ֮ɥʬʹԶٳǻء
ల֪ʵҲǣȻԼҲ֪㡣
Ϊϻؿ̫֮˷ʱˣָպٳǸָɴصе㣬ٳϣо
లоܶΣʱУꡣ
Щ˰еĶˡ
˵µĻѾˣٳǵδմȾ˿Ĵڻٳ붯еġ
˻ǹƣֻӻѡ֮ǰˡǡ
ѡ˽ӻ硣
ٴ̤оʱలƽ˵⣬ҵ֧Ϊš硣
ǻػȥĻ֣ǻҪˡ
ȻúŪֻš
ɥʬ߱ڼµʹеĲעʱʹγɵɥʬߵ
µ粢עξͿԵġ
లԭĸĳŮԣڵעͽ仯ֱע䣬Ů͡
ʹ࣬ల˹ȥֱս֮գĻȡʹӾ
ల治ɫ磬ע˽ȥ
Ӻ󣬻ٴоȼͷӴˮڽǽð𣬽ǽϴɶ
ȵˮ֮ͣʱоҲͣˣŮలҲŮల
о¼࣬ж˭еÿˣ̫ĿֲƬٳǻصı£ַŴ˹۲쵽ÿϸڣйա
*
˭ǹҶలںľеԣ̾ȥ߹Ҷ
ʲôƻıԣ˼Щ
ʱϲ˼Щžܵûص˻žܵûرúЩ
ڣɥʬˣôʲô
ҪʧˣˣҲͷԤʧܡ
ɸ಻
˲֣Ⱥ˲ͬ顣
ͷȾȾ֪ѾˡļƴջҵЩοֻҪʲôµԪأͲڹҶǰ
ȻȾȾİȫĻصֵΧڣܹÿճڹҶǰ
ûʲôҶüͷǽŲĽŲ
ȾȾֽܳűϵ򶨡
룬ɰСŮıشԶܹСŮܿɰȴޱ
ȾȾļ쳹о
లɫøˣʲôûüŵĻû˵һ￴ô͵˹ȻᣬŪˡ


48 
ðͷ˲, లָȼһ硣ڿѸٱɻ򣬳ȾȾȥ
ǵ֪ʱȾȾΪʲôɵһһֹԭء
²˽ȾȾĹȥ, ֪ĩľ
˵Ҳɣ, ȾȾȻûһϵߡ
ɥʬΧʱ, Ҳǡúͻϵߴ
򡭡𡭡ȾȾ˸ӼĽ
ʵҲʧ̬һŬô, ٹ¶į־ҲȥһŻ͹Ҷദ˺ܶ࣬Ҳһ˿־Ȩ
Ϊ˼Ǳʱģ, ڰһ, ԺڰļĴ洦ҪǰαװرԼĿ־度£Լκ, ĶΪЩķйܵκˡ
ȾȾرǿ˵, һʵ̫ҪˡȻһֱֳڹҶǰģʵϣڹҶǰ, ˵ͻƵʱ򣬹ҶͱһԼ
ԼʹȾȾ͹Ҷֻʱѣ˿̵ҲڿԱԼĿ־壬Ͼĺ£ÿ°
Щʱֲý¿ȾȾ˳ۡΪȾȾź͹Ҷദô̵ʱȾȾôôιҶ
ȾȾһ߼һͷ, ޾˿߳లȥల㿪ȶ̣˶ߡ
һ˿ûбܿ󣬺ļ͸ˡ
ˣˡȵҶʱȾȾѾలֻ¶һŷŭС
СԲģĹĵģùҶ̲ס߹ȥ
ָϴһ£ִһ¡
ιڸʲôͷܵȾȾһ۾Ϳⲻ˼һĻҶŮɣһʱҲܹܣ
ȾȾ֪ȻԴֹеߵģʮµľͲĳԴ׷Χˡ
ʲôҲûҶѸջԼ֡
˭ʲôʵ
Ҳ֪లȻҲ֪ʱ˵ԼݡԼС֪˶Ǻˣʲôġ
ȾȾ·Ը
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪôȾȾϵصղŶôãû麦ˡ
СãҪǲ˵ʵҶùµذףŵల˿ߣҾͰذ׶ȥҵ׼Ⱥܲ֪ذ׻壬Ǹպø˿ߣ
లһӾôвˡ˵ʵǰвˮƽڵͼˡ
ǲ۸Сలúͯ۵˵
ĩһ˵СµİɡҶ˵
ʹĩһ˳ڷоСҲܿ°ɡ侲ȾȾŬһ¸ղ
⻰లŭʢˣԹ޵ضȾȾ
ΪʲôôңǣҲңҲҡȾȾûнӴСЩ֪롣
ҪȥһٿһͿ̹ȻŭˡҶһɿ𡣿ĲҲİذ׶ȥ
СƺһʼͳȾȾ˵ȾȾȥռʲôϢ
ҲȥȥȾȾ˵
ۿ˾ҪһһĶһԵĽڳˡ
ûذףҲ˵ʲôֱӰذ׼లĲϣ˵˵ʵȻɱ㡣
Ļ𣿡ȾȾЩ¡ȻҲ֪ĩĹ򣬵С֣ǸСȥΣա
Ѿˣϴΰذ׼Ҳϵʱ򣬿˵šҶװѹʵ˵úܴ
లܲˣ˰ɣ»ذ׼㲱ϣԼ϶㲱ϡ
Ϊⳡ򶷣ϹҶļ´లڷԼһʼϴˣһǹҶҪΪϴˣҲں޷±˿
˵ˣİذ׼ҲϡҶޱܻ𵱳ڳĬ֮ǵ顣
ȾȾǵһ֪飬̲ס¿ȥ
ȾȾеǴ𣬽ºʾػؿ˻ȥ˿ûн͡
ȾȾŪֵˣ뵱һ콭»ᶪ¹ҶǾµ¶ᶪ¹ҶǹҶҪ¾ͺˡ
ҪǹҶ治ҪˣǸհҶأǸȰ²Ҫִأ
֪ȾȾ뷨˿ذ׾͸üȾȾĲˡ
֪ǵ֣һŻ¸仰й¶Ϣʵ
һŻصˣҲ˶֪͹Ҷ飬ѹҶϢúܺãһŻصĸ߲֪ǵϢ
˵©˵һలͲ˵ڶˡ
ʵҲͻƿڵĽ£ֻܲలҵˡ
ΪʲôȥȾȾ˼ؿǰˡ
ңϲŮˡҶֱ׳˵
ʵҲ֪ʲôȡ򣬵˵֮ҲںЩˡ
һԼĩǼûдӦ˽£;ÿЦ
ΪʲôҪЩֻҪ֪ԸԸͺˡ
ҡ
¸տ˵һ֣ȾȾȥаɣҲϲŮˣҾͲϲŮ˵ˣһһСƨòűӡ
ңжˡҶ̹ȻָԵĽ¡
ϴͷ󣬽¾һֱûȥҶЩ⣬ԵҶ仰ʱڹؼʱ̵ӵѵûˡ
Ҷ˵ʲô
ȵ·ӦȾȾѾˣĻᡣ
ҲȥҸ󡣡ȾȾû˵š
ȾȾûע⵽ల˵Ѿӷŭвɡ
ĩô꣬లǵһôвŶӡŶҪôһɢɳҪôƶȻȥر𲻿ףؼʱĬƷԼ
ղŷ˼һ£ȻȾȾǺҹģϷסԼѡȾȾɹסԼ
Ϊܽ⿪Щסల˿ߣȾȾֻܴ˿ߵķ϶аȥš
һΪȾȾల˵ô
αȾȾӵЦల
أ϶¶ҵЬʲôల
˼ȾȾûнӴС۵ʶǸ
ߣڸʲô
һһСĶԻҶһʼ浣ǲǴƺеɵСŮɱܺ͵ȾȾ°ɡܱ̿ȾȾҪͰɡ
ȾȾలָҵҪ
óƬһСϵʱల¶ظģܻ̫ˡ
ҪܲͬలҪҡˣ᲻ǹҶ
ڿȾȾѳƬʱҶǺ޲ٰƬصలĶ
Ȼǻظ߲⡣ϳǵҶڶһSɥʬѪҺʱƬоڲĵġ
һСϺǰ˻˳
Сϵһҳּǰ治ͬһҳֻдŽڣСȺ쵰ĸ֡
д⼸ֵƺܷŭʼֱӡһҳ
һҳдİɡʵ
లʾȾȾóЩʱలѾαװˡ
Ҫǽһ˭ֱ˵ˡ
ղҲĲܰϵֻԸΪ˸ôĴۡ
Ҫ͸ղˣ縶ۡ
లȫû뵽»޹ϵ⣬شдġ
ش󣬽ЦһŰȾȾߵһԣȻ§ŹҶһȥذ˶ǽڵһ
ȵĪߵȾȾĿɿڴؿ컨ͻȻһ˶͸ӣˮ컨к£ͷ˽ʪ͸ˡ
ˮֱӹӵ֮һҪȾȾ˵úܸߣܰҲûˡ
ˮкͬʱǸСŮ˺ѷεŭͻȻʼȼ˻档Щ˿߿ʼѣ˿߱ȫջ١
СŮ׽ˮУ˴ˮǸˮȾȾľСŮ᲻ֱˣˮ
ںܿ죬СŮǱͷţԵĺӡ͸ղȫͬҲǷŭһ˵į
Ҳ֪ΪʲôȾȾͻȻСŮܿ
Щ꣬ȾȾٻ˿ĩĿ̫ˡףԼΪʲôΣյСŮ
ܱҶȾ˴ɣŻСŮ˵ԼǸûԼļˣѡǨŭҶԼǱػȥԼ
ȾȾŬƵ뷨˦Ž£ŶԷһĽ͡
ûз£һߵۡ


49 
Ҳ߿Ļ, ҲᱻġָǼ̵ķ˵
͵ǺȾȾǾòԾΪʲôһ, Ҫһš
ȾȾʣΪǵʱ͵֪˭𣿡
Ȼ, Чô, ͷڷйŭల⻰Ҳ̧ͷ
లС㣬ûкְɡϵЦݺ·ǰЦһģһ, µΪѵȾȾ˺⡣
͸ղŲͬ´˿̵ɱģҪǻ֪ΪʲôలᶢϹҶ, ͻڷ·ֵͬʱ, ԼذҲȥ
లȾȾȫܰǰСŮʹǸٳǻصSϵһ
ڽ˵ֵʱ򣬱»ĹҶҲ¶˲ı顣
లôôôССӦǸĸĳŮԡ
ǱĩС˵ôдģڽǰһĸŮ, Żɴһʼɭ, ΪŮӵĳֶ֮ȴǻŮ˵Ľ֡
ǱĩС˵లǸעİˡ
˵ʵ, ʵҪలһʱ֣Ҷⲻ˾Ὥעİ飬ڣҶŲ顣
עİˣʵʲôϵǸ˵עİˣǾ
ԴС¹ҶǱⲻ˵ģ֮ǰŲϣల֡
ڿలСģҶԴ׶ڶ, ȫûҪᡣ
ల˲Ϲ۲˵ı飬ֻŽ£ʵô֪˭ô֪з֣
ȸңһSɥʬߣŹҶƬʲô
֪ҶΣգ²ٸలκ棬ֱ˵ڵݡ
లˮߵ˷ԣ÷ֵıԵͿˡֻǸԤԵӣǱȲܻģЩѱ˻ҽ
һԤ֪ߣԤ֪ҽйҶŮһӵŻΪ档
లΪ½ǸԤԣ˵ӵʱЩ
һŵȾȾ˿ֻʣ˹Ȧĸ֣˹ҶǸԼġ
˵ҲԤ֪ΪʲôԤ֪Уలǽ¡
ֵңôϳˡల£ϣԷҪʳԡ
ǰҼдһţˣ쵰ֵдرأҼסˡ
¸ղſǼֲΪʲôô˽ٳǵİԡ
*
ǻǼǰ͹ҶյһŻʱ顣
ǸʱûⲻùҶһҶͻȻʧһ磬ʱֻ˵˼ȥˣܽô׷ʣҶҲû˵顣
º󣬹Ҷʧһ磬ʱһš
ҶźɫͲǺܺãֱӰ˺٣һԵĽ£ǰŵݸ
ùϵݳһ䡰ǲȥĻصģǲҪٸʲôˡʣĶЩ˵Ļ
Ȼ˵˵Ļȥǡ쵰֮Ĵ໰ûУСѧˮ׼׶԰ˮ׼
˭дģ²ʵ
Ҷһֽ²׵˵дŵ˽లдŸġ
²֪Ҷ˿̵ǰڽԼгԴס
һŻأ
ֻԿܸܲıһЩ飬ӦһŻصġ
Ҷջֵ͵¿ʵһǲ㿴š
׷ʹҶղ˵ʲôҶȴֻ˵ǽˡ
ҶҲû飬ǽ»Ǽסలˡ
һŻصĹģԽԽҲ֪˸లϢ֪లٳǻصSߣలʵǿΪ˷ǳ桭
ÿ֪ЩϢ̲סԱԼలжʱ䣬ԱΪǸలƺʺϹҶҲʺһŻء
ǸలŵĹҶȫţȴѹҶһŻҲһŻصػߣȴֻΪҶĴڶػһŻء
ڽǵԱħʱһϢٳǻرˣٳǻصػల
²ûаϢ߹Ҷ֪ΪʲôܾùҶ֪Ϣ󣬻ܴ
ҶҲôţֻҪ˵ҶͲ֪ġ
ΪϢ¿⵭Ժలļ䡣ʱţģల飬¿ּҲβ


50 
ǰдһţǸȰȥһŻصдˣల˼ǰ, ʱյǷʱöԷвڻԼ̫
లԽµ̬ȺһЩ, ʵǸʱ֪ٳǻص飬ֲֵ֪Ĵڡ
ҲǸдŵǸ, ֵĴҲµġలĴ, ԸҲԼȥðҶ
µģڿЦɣҶֵ֪Ĵ, ôܲµలԼʲô췽ҹ̷
ؿల˵Ҳ֪췢ʲôǵϲжۼ, ĴɢֽƬ, ܿ˷ֵλáзֵǸťΣʱ̱˰
̤ʱ, һ۾ͿǸť, Ǹťһ۾뵽
ǵΪ˷ֻҪĩǰһͺ, ҪڵһťһϵٳǻصĴźǳһӾˡ
ղͶһѣû뵽ĶĶˡ
ʲô˼ల֪ǲ˼ǲԸ˼»˼
˵оˣص˶ֵ֪ĴڣǿΪ飬Σʱ̰°ťȾȾ潭½ˡ
Ϊѱѹ, ȾȾһӾ˽µ˼ñȽ¸ڰ
һԵĹҶʲôû˵Ȼʧȥ˼䣬оųɵİգǷſ¾ǵĵġ
ʧܺƾ޷ıˣŻôɡ
Ҷ֪ڻѹɽ纣ľŬһģںﲻһģܸıһеġ
ܵģܵġˮలٴð磬ˮˮ
ȾȾǵһμʵð̣˹ȥ÷Ǻĸ㣬ٴ˲̬ȣǰɣٵصʱѵǶ㱧Сô𣿡
ȾȾҲԼΪʲôҪ˵⻰ǰ˸Ҫѣǰ棬Ҳڻٵغ档˵ôǿ̱ȴѣĻᶼûС
ȾȾԺ˺ܶ໭棬ĩȺѵͨˣҲսĶѡ
һЩˣһ߰ѷల˵üðɣĻðɡ
ĺܷˡలŭ𣬷ֵıԵȻѺۡ
ȾȾ˺󡣡
ϧȾȾķӦһһ룬һֳֻĺϣһֻŮ˵֡
˫ֵ˻ðŻ棬ض
״ûκԥذֱలҪȥ
֪ΪΣలûжȫעȾȾϡ
ذ׶లҪ˲䣬లסȾȾֲŻɿ
ȾȾΪڿԵþˣһ룬밲ٲץ֮ǸӾҵĻ档
һʱ䣬ܵĹҶûа취λ
ò׵ȵʧǲŷȾȾలȻҲʧˡ
Ӧûϸ۲˵ĺۼжϵ
ԿҶܵķΧоȻĲ㿴ƶĹ㡣
ֻǵȵǿٸϵͨĲ¥ݿʱŷﾹȻһŷסˡ
ȥԿװɣо϶ԿסİɣȾȾµġ˵
ΪʲôҶǵǱĩС˵లһǳֲŮˣֵ´ģֻнһ˶ѡ
లϲˣĴ˶ȾȾ
¾ȾȾղûΪٳ¼లӦòڿûжٳ
֮ǰڷֵĽͰ٣ĿľڼŭలలֻϵߣڱŭʱȻǿȻǿ׼Ⱦͻ½ȵలľܣܽ
¿ɲסల̫á
ֻû뵽ûü˵䣬ȾȾжˣЧ̫ˡ
Ǵలѡ죬ȾȾһ԰ȾȾలֻᱻøల˿ѾˣȾȾûжΣա
䵣ȾȾ絣ల᲻̫챻
ǻҪ㣬һలıˣȾȾֲ֪ô¥Ҫͷ¿ɲôȥˣоĲﻹʲôԵġ
ܣҶ˸£ϣȾȾܿһԼǧҪలˡ


51 
Ϊ˽Լʱ, Ҷͽֻ˶¥ǼҪоңȻֱ¥ȥ
¥ǽϵķλͼҾ¥ϱߡ
ⴱоİ칫ҴŶľʵ, ˼رҪİ칫ҴǸƳɵġ
ҶǰҾǼرҪİ칫֮һ
߲ˣ̫ѽˡ
Ҷ, ϣԷʲôð취
ȾȾû, ɡһ˵ţһȴȥŪš
ŹӺ, ԭƽ̹ĴϣͻȻһ
һŻصоҲ˵ģŪԿ׵ʱ򡣡
ǰһŻصоԱ˵, ٳǻصоΪŪԿ, Ѿû˿ʮˣʵûа취, ȥ˴Ĵš
ף൱ʱΪ˱һŻط, ҲȥһȡһŻصĴװϺûһϵġ
ÿǻûü룬վͻһǷԿ׳֡, ˶ĬϣҪҲԿףǾȥհɡ
һŻԿ׵Ĺ£Ҷ̲סʵһԿĲô죿
ûһԼŬҵģǸˡһŻصо˵Կͱ˹̶ֻˡ
Աո㣬Ҫô֪ٳǻص룿ҶŽʵ
ҪȾȾɡ²˼ذһ룬ٶȿ쵽Ҷֹ
⴮ȻǴ, ڲûʲô֡
㰴ʲôҶʵ
ĩٵڡǽаյĴˣϾֻ֪һЩٳǻصİԣֲٳǻصĸ߲㡣
ǵʲô롣Ҷڤ˼룬ԱߵĽȴжˡ
ҶϽץסµʵɣһ֮Զоô죿
ˡѾ׷˿ŵĴ㣬ڶֻһνĳԡ
Ҷɿ˽µؿŽ°Ǹ롣
ȵȣ㰴ʲôû˱ȹҶ˽⴮ˣ⴮ǹҶԼա
ȾȾҪˣҶͷҲð뷨
ɥ˼Ӻ󣬹Ҷʵ˵ɣʲô
Ҷ̫˽⽭ˣȻһֱȾȾˬ´˵Ц
ΪһܺԼȥȾȾ
Ҷһ㵱ɵŽ£ֺݺݵŽµĩǰǾʱ
仰˵ŵȾȾǱԹĻǵʱ顣
һҶ;÷˼Ĺ¡
ĲΪʲôͨŮ԰ѧУɹ硣
*
ʱϸУҶһµѡǸѺŹҶܹҶʲôҪš
мΣҶͽԼȥ棬µҲżȻˣĶ顣
ҶҲûʶﲻԾ
Ҳ˵ֻÿμʱҶ
ҶΪˣǸŮߵøˣżǸŮԹΪʲô²
Ҷͽ֮ûǱĩС˵ǾĪսˡ
Ȼ㣬ҲͱˡǸŮôȰġ
ҲܲҺҪ˵⻰ʱ򣬹ҶȻŵĩ飬ȴǽų
һųһ𣬵ùҶܼˡ
̫ὭˣҶԽԽֱ˳
ȻͲҪˣ㻹ҡ
УֻԸʵʱҶƽϵͲĩˣֻǵԼⱻºˡ
ǰˣֻĺ˲Ը
ҶûǸŮյ֪˵ЩǸŮ͵͵¼ˡ
ͱ˷йŭ󣬹Ҷƨƨߵȥҽ£Σȴܿ
Ҷһ¶ûԼ£һ£ǸŮߵĴ͸ˡ
ңұ¶ѧУӾأҶյϢʱѾϨˡ
ҶʱӣһӦӦȥܣǲ֪ΪΣһӦȴǽ²ôģ˭û˵ǧܿܣﵽӾԡ
ʱֻվӾԱߣĽиŮӾﲻͣڡ
ҶȾңȥҿˡ
£ҶĺдЩŭ⣬ԼŭⲻΪŮΪһµĶܡ
Ҫ𣿡µĻ赭дЩҶÿλ
ҶݺݵصȻ߹ȥǸŮ
ǸŮſڹҶϣһ־ֵ˵ţҶҺ£ǿ߰ɣǸ̬
ҶǸŮȫûпһۡ
ҲȫûпҶһۣӾصţӾصס
ҶŮͻңȰ˵Ҫκ˵飬ȻҶԼҹܳᣬҲҪ޹ġ
ҶʲôԼ޹ʵǵĽ±ֶѡ
ڴ󣬹Ҷ߻Ӿء
£
ӾرߣǸ˹ȻֻתԸתˡ
쵰Ҷһ䣬߹ȥ׼ѽط
ˮվӾôв˭вԼ
Ҷһûڶλûˡ
ʱʱܻ᳹׶Լ̡
һ룬Ӿصˮٴηڡ
ҶŭվӾҲʲôҲܰѽǾԼɡ
Ǳ˱仯ŹҶ
쵰ȻЦˣ
СʱǰǸҲôȥġ
Ҷ¹˲ˣΪʲô
Ϊʲô¶ȥѹҶ
֮ǰҲһǸŮԷҿˮԻҲͲˡ
ǣҶһ
ҶȷʵǸŮһ¾͸ôһ̨ף
ȻֲûзŹ¡
ݺݵŽµƺҪйеŭ
ҲƾţСʱǰĻڵǸŮìܻŹ
˵ɣô£Ҷʵ
Լңҷ֮¼˵ңԶ㣬Ȼȥˡ
Ҷһһ㶵ģȫⶼʲô顣
ʲôҶʵ
ɣûǰͱˡµ̨ǿŹҶһġ
ҶȥˣʳĴˡ
ϣֻһѣὭ¡ǸŮû˵κλԣֱ˵˵
ΪʲôὭ£
㲻׵ġ
ҶҲȷʵףΪ֪ΪὭ£ϣֻһѣΪϣֻһѣκγߵˡ
Ҷ𰸸˽£ʽײ
Ҳסʵ±˭ףεҪ߹ҶߵˡֻκΥԭ顣
ÿֻҪͺãЩ󶼻뿪ġ
²֪˶뿪ǹҶֻѡ
Щ˱Ѷһ㣬Ůһ֮Իôˬ˵飬Ϊ׹Ҷƫ£ûκʤ㡣ҲһͿأϾҲֲͨĸҡ
лҪ˵ȾȾΪʲôж󣬶һûбܣ
£㻹벻


52 
ʱҴ, ڲǸˣڶĩˣǸҲ֪ûлš
˵, ҶЩɥǿΪŤһ, ̫̫ʱ, ڵΪŤһӶвҪһŻصʱȷʵв
, Ǳ˵ˡҶȾȾҪ֪ʱ˵Ҫǵ
Ҷûпȥץµ֡
֪, ʾš
ղŶһ¡
ʲôҶ˼ؿš
ĿͶͬʱ, źȻ򿪣õĻҳɳ
˵ȵҳɢȥ, վ˴ſڡ
ղҵգҶ㵵ʵ
աҲŪ, е׳ʲô
˵Żˣʲôܴ򿪣ǵһʱžӦô򿪡
ôƫƫǹҶմš
ҳɢȥ, 칫¶˳ѾõĿڷһŰ칫ͼӣһŵܺһչ϶ֽʵϣ֮⣬
Ҷֵʮӣȷûʲô쳣Žȥ
һؿϵϣֱӷ˷ġ
ұ붼ûҵֻܰͶǸչ
չûиǲĻᣬҶĿͶذס
ֻǸݴʡ˵ô˵, »ͳذ׼˿չ
չŲֱͬƵʲƷ
µذ׾Ȼֱڱϻ˴ӣͷһѱչ 
չһźһԿס
º͹Ҷһۣ˷ֱ˲ͬż
ЩżֱǲͬĻодٳоģЩΨһĹͬǶ˳Ա
ǰļ󲿷дĶо飬ֱǼ⡣
ǿʼͣᵽ顣
ڵ¼֮ӦøСģ֡µѾоɹǲ֪ǷͶʹá
ܱв֮ģ˶־ᶨֿܻѡ
Ϊ˻صȥ磬Ҫġ
ҶͽƴһĿǰ֪Ϣ
оļ۸¼Ĳ紫ŵ
ʱоļûб۸ģоļоһʼоɥʬߵ硣
ҶǲΪʲô˻صоʵһŻصо
֪ʵǾΪʲôǸоȵ˵ٷ֮ʮ
Ϊٳǻرˣǲ磬Ҳٳǻһ
һǲףΪʲôΪ֡Ҷżĺܶ໰θЩЩΪʲôȥоɥʬ˵磬ֿµ顣
Ĭ֮ǡȻڹҶǰ˵飬Щ̫ˣرǵһŻصоҲ档
Ҷ⼸ֵʱ򣬻ĺëˣټȥԼټȥĻġ
һɲǣǱĩС˵Ϊʲôô
ʲôȴ׵ΪάһƬڰҸµ顣
˵ٳǻʧܵĻּƻĬ֮ǳɹĻּƻ
˽ల洿࣬ԸΪ˻ظ̫ˡ
లҪɵ
֪ԼʲôԼԭν˽ԵĹڰӲڣŷĲԣԼԭ
లһԵĹԣԸΪЩʧʱֻµĸߡ
ˣ̫ƭˡ
󣬵ٳǻصҪȰ˵ʲôֻҪలٳǻҪһɥʬȥǣɥʬలĸԸȥΪɥʬߡ
İɣһŻоû顣°ڷĹҶǸĶԱоҲƻǾͲҪðȥˡ
Ҷ޷ηػһҪĻء
һţûмĳȥġҶʾ⽭һš
һٳǻодģŷϻûдռ˵ĵַ
Ҳ֪᲻ģԼѡ񡣴ƭలעһҾҵĽֽ֡ϱɥʬߣְֽƵĶ档
һٵһ֪࣬Ϊ˻֣ҲڡһĶͽҶٳǻء
Ҳ֪᲻˿ţҲ֪ŵʱǷء˿Ļתలһ仰Ҳڣпʼ
ź󣬹ҶЩŭΪʲôһ˻ƪ˵ԼڣЩоԱо˶û
ˣǱĩС˵లΪʲô˱壬ˣԸ˭ܵƪġڡ
¿˼ΪʲôٳǻصĻƺҲǻּƻ֮УЩƺǹҪలƵĶġ
ּƻΪʲôŻὫ˶ٳǻض϶ɳ롣
̲סʧǰĹҶǲҲּƻʲôҶԼʧ־Ϊʲô
Ҷַһûҵµ󣬲ǴԿף׼ȥȶҪȾȾ
ʵҲʱڲףڷĵʱ򣬹Ҷٴʹܡ
ԭƶĹ;ֹలǸѾҪϨˣȾȾǸ̵ȴȻâ糣
о
ýµĻ˵ȥҪܹȥʲôʹȾȾ˾ͺá
ȾȾҪ֪뷨ҲҪߵలһˡ
*
¥ĵϣһǰʵȾȾ޴ؿڵϵİల
ǵãһǰ˵ֻĲϣöݺݵ˵ţʵ㣬Ȼ·
ȾȾʵڲף⵽ʲôвһﻹĵв
ҽ·Ҳ㡣ȾȾÿʵģϾ˴СŮͻȻ˳ˣϵ·ȫˣԴĻڵסһ
Դ·ѩص¥Ů˵һӾʧЧˣֱӱɷףϱذ׶˿ڸѿѪһ·һ·
ȾȾŮ˿ģҲøƽϣĵѵ׼ݸԷԷƺˣֱεˡ
ôţҪȾȾȫûʶలܳȥֻǲలš
ȾȾ׸లϣĴſûʲôԱůƷ
ֻĲĺ֣¥ͨˣ쳣ĿʲôûС
ȾȾʵûа취˺Լһ·ల˿סʹܣ˿߰లýʵʵġ
û뵽һ컹ôʹá
ȾȾôһలϲźһЩ
Է󻹰ల˻ϾûԴԷʵȲġ
ȵһ꣬ȾȾһ⣺Լ⵽ʲô
ʱȾȾ˼⣬˹Ҷ֮˼ŹԼĶ˼һŻ뿪ŹҶҲҪ˼
ʵĴ𰸣ǲԼ˶ѡ
ĩǶô޴
ⱲӶԼ޴ġ
ȾȾҲѧ֮ǰҶĶలϵ⣬ֻģ¹ҶѣԲˡ
ȫڶʱŮ˻ǸСŮԹҶĶûʲô⡣
ڣలѾ˴˵ģϱûж⣬ȾȾָ˵ڴ˵ḧһٶڲ֪˼Ǻ


53 
లָǵʱ, ֻоԼпƬڽţ̲סҪĴ
ȵԼǰĴʱѾǸһ
లⱲӾܶ, û˿߳ܣһԱԼ۾, ȻȻԼߵ
֮ǰƬϵ, ɴ˿̿ȴȫͬ
ü۲ͬӲͬ, ͸ǲͬ
లǵͨ죬뽫˴һ˫ֿĶð˯ŵȾȾˡ
ôô, ȵ𣿡
ల, ǰ˵Ĳϣ˱죡
ȾȾȻΧ۹ܶమ, Ķӳǲҵİº͹ҶԱŤİ, ʵɲʲôǰ顣
ⷽȫûйκ뷨ĩǰҲûĶһΡ
ڸղſలƬƵģʱ, ɬοǴݵ
̫ˡȾȾɴذలٴηŻ˵ϡ
లòůڴذɲǣֿҪԭ
ұͷలҲֻܿڡǲҲôرŮ˵̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ల뵽᲻ǸͷϴˣԤлẦŮʵǹҶ, ǰȾȾ
˾ôİȾȾҲʲôƢˣֱӰջأలһЩ
లⱲӶûܹʱٳǻض𾴣ɥʬߣ𾴵Ҳˡ
㡭ұల仰þȫԭҪϵ˿ѿĳ嶯
仰ʱȾȾưల
˾ôŰСʱȾȾǻ⣬ల˵ĲǾĵġ
ȾȾļ
ҶˣгԵ𣿡ȾȾҲ֪ȥָలԴ뿪
Ҫ֪Ͳʳˡలżֹƽƺƽ֮пҪķŭ
ȾȾֻںˣû쳣
ҵΪ÷Ϊٳǡ˵ʱలĳҪˡ
లûкͱ˽ٳǻصĹ£⴫Ǹ޶ԼΪȴûġ
Թزס㡣ȾȾ˵
ٳǻعصסҡల֮ҲˣͲסǸ˻ڲͣز²⡣
Ǳ㣿
ɥʬߺйأ
ԸǻҪɱ㣿
ȾȾͣ׷లԽֻܴ꣬һ䣺ܱܲ졣
లûкȾȾӴ֪ȾȾԸ񣬲ܿˡ
ĵϾҪٴνӴʱల˵㣬䡣
˵ӣɥʬߵӣలûˡ
లȻ˵ȾȾҲڱ˵
ȾȾŽల֪ΪΣȻֿˣˣҲû˵
ȾȾûüƽϣలæ˵ȥ
లеĹº͹Ҷҵһ
עɥʬߺ󣬶ʱʧȥǡǻؾΪһռ䣬ÿҪʧȥǰͽֱһָǡ
లǵһָʱ飬ʱĸмԼǻص׸ȴҪ
ȾȾЦ˺þãǺþûмôıȵԼҪҶǴˡ
ǺʲôȰĻ㣿ȾȾʵ
ԽԽܿ壬ҲҪõ䡣ΪܸĹס죬ɨ˻ظеɥʬ˸߲ҵػ֪顣
ѾˣٳǵδմȾһ˿Ĵڻٳ붯еġ
ల仰Զ仰
Ҫɱ𣿡ȾȾʵ
Ҳ֪లѾôӳоġ
ȾȾʲôû˵ַ·ʲô˵ˡ
ĺᣬһôҵĹ£ᰲο𣿡లֻȾȾ￴֡ɵӡ
ֲˡȾȾĲᰲοˣٳǻصĴŵ𣿡
ȾȾ治లʲô̬ɱɥʬߣϵɱضˡ
ұϾɥʬ߰లз˵ǹ⣬ҹһ
*
ٳǻصĳ⣬ѹѹɥʬۼһ
ЩɥʬѪˮһεεڵϣǵ̶һһǻг˷ڳŵԣмճһĴ
ǰվһŮˣǸŮ˴ٳǻص·ϵЦȴϿ̳Цݡ
ٳǻĻ𣬴ĵٳоӡ
һʼڻǾȻؾͱ˾
లȵĵһӴܵ˻ˡ
ǵһ£˹ڵСҲ˽ڹؼʱ̣üζ붪ܵల˶顣
˿లʱ˵þȵЦݣ˭֪లٳǻصػߣڿలԵɥʬȺʱ̱ŵ
С㣬ʲô
లЦ˵㿴ң߳ȥұ֤ɥʬȺ˺һһ㲻ңͻȥ
˿ô޷Ĵֿǿֲɥʬһʱѡ
లΪ˽ⳡϷģϾٳǻϤľģ
ȻٳǻݲҲûҪˡ
ػ࣬Ҳ
ѡ𣿡లʵ
Ǿ鷳СˡһҧȻȥԵɥʬȺҲȷʵల˵û˺
뿪లЩ죬ṵ̂¾Ȼ
֮󣬳ſ½½˺ܶˣలΪϷ̼Щֻڳſһͨķ϶
˿ⷢ飬֪ԷѡǷȷ
вలҲв˳˳
లĻһ£ղǸ̰²ͬ˶Ϊ˶లĵ֡
ǴԼļſڵġ
ȥɣǰߣҪͷôԼļˣԼȴһһ˻˻ȼŻĳ
㲻ңలʵ
Ϊ£ŻջٳǻصʱѾˣҲһİˡ
㻹üǰߣలЩ⡣
ԼѡΪӵ֪ȺڣʲôûӦ
లûŪµĻǲҪҲҪˡ
ŻٳǻصʱͲҪˡ
ⳡ˺ܾãలԼǲж˳ȥ
ٳǻظɥʬలۼԶʱڣЩ߳ٳǻصǶǰȫġ
ֻЩҲٳǻصˡ
ԣⳡջٳǻأҲٳǻصĳԱʧˡ
ȺΪŽۼһٳǳԱɢأΨһ飬ǾڲǸϾʲô


54 
లȵٳǻضѡ, Źһȼյٳǻо
ǸٳǻسԱѡĻᣬоԱ
оǵǽˣҲû˿Դӳ
ల̤ǽʱ, оԱۼһ㣬ȼյĻ, ȴûһҳǰȥ
ǺͨĻسԱһ, ĿùɥʧǵలǶô¡
ల֮ǰֻǱĲһ䷿ʧȥǺ, ֱӻĲ㡣
Ĳűյġ
ҲΪˣڷలʱûκԥ
ǸмలһУҲԼΪ, ֻΪ˻ȥ
ǺòײŻȥ, Ƕֻͨˡ
λþò
లһŶ, һĩѻļѡ
ʱ˿, վϣԼ˺ɥʬɱ֮С
ǣû, ɥʬߵվ
ʵԹ޵ģӦעΪɥʬߵԼû˱ĸԸΪɥʬػصġ
ҲûŵΪɥʬߺ󣬻Ὣѡ
ôȻؾûز
ֻǣΪʲôΪʲôٳǾĻҪ
ҪҰƮ
ǲκһسԱ, Υٳǻ
Υٳǻ
ԻĿĻ¡
ǿ𣿡లվֵȼĻǽ֮УʵһȺˡ
һһףΪʱ˿ûκһ˿Կˡ
ǿ𣿡లѯʣ
Ⱥûлش
ôûпô̧ͷȥ
ĩ죬Ҿ;ѳSߡ·ǣǸ˵ҾȾǣҾˡ
˵һĩǻȥģֻŽҲŶܻȥˡ
ల˵Щһʼ͸ల˸Ͳҿ
ܻڵκһ˶ףSһôܻȥһ׸ŻΣա
ҾǺܶΣҲ˺ܶΡÿοʱҶڣΪûƭҡ
ٳǻؽ˺ҺܸˣұɥʬʧȥʱҶܸˡΪȺİ˾ȻԱ˴˴ţһֱôꡣ
ΪʲôҪٵһУ
ల۾ˣߵĻ˲εضθߣΥٳǻ
ٳǻأսڣ
లо
ѾʧأҲݵĽԼ޷ȥȺļѣɥʬȥɡ
ʧȥǵɥʬǷŹЩˣǵһжսᡣ
లѵʱһѾһˣҲûκѪҲ޴ӵ֪Щ˾ǻȥˡ
Ÿɾĵ棬һ˶¥
оĸ߲ղŶûоۼһ¥ǻ¥ϡ
లڶ¥ĴҵȺ˵ģƺ֪Ҫˣһվûκλš
ǵܾˡ˵Ǹ
Ǹͷأలûп
Ⱥо߲¥ȺƵĲһٳǻس֮ŹģǺలҲû̫ǣ
ȥȥĵط
లشҲ⣬ңеʱ䷭ٳǡ
ʲôలʳⶼÿЦ
ڵ㡣
ɱ𣿡
ǵˣҲٳǻصˡ˵⻰ϵļо߲ͻȻͳһ
һ룬˶ȥ
లŷ֣ĶȻǵɥʬߵġһš硣
ǷˣɥʬߺԸңలֻܲµƻ
ע䡰һšģʹൽŤ˵ţǳŲȥģ˻ֻ֣ٳǻسԱ
༸ע䡰һšʹ˹ȥֻиǡ
ǰɷ·ֿǼٳǻʱġ
ٳǻءٳǻغͻּƻֻ˵ͿЦΰˣôأ
లǼо߲۾Щ߲㶼ǵͼߣû˱ǸԼǳŲ硱ġǲҪ֤ٳǾҪలǸѾҪˡ
оĴ⣬ȫǻҫ£లֿģĵģھɡ
ȼһҹ֮లҲоһҹûҵо
ڶ죬߹ٳǵÿһأٳǻѾûκһˣֻĴķ硣
ƺ˵ţǲκһسԱ
*
ల²ôȾȾĬá
һ˶˰ɡȾȾھ⡣
లûлش
ȾȾ˼ֲһ˵⻰ûиղǰӲ
ȾȾǰҲĩȺʵȺڣ᲻ɱǣڻ벻䷴ҡڡ
ڵѡ
Щ߲ɱǲҲʲô
లûлشεĲ֪ʵ֮ǰڿֵʱôʧ̬ԭ򡣵һԭǲо˾ȻôͿʼڶԭǵǸֻûбʹá
Ǹأûҵ𣿡ȾȾʵ
ûУұеطûҵϾҲǸ߼ߣܵ˰ɡ
㲻ȥɥʬôôûáȾȾʮ˵
లֱԼĻ⻹ǼСʱǰԼŵ۴еŮ˵Ļ
ŮôȥЩŵûɢ࣬뿪ٳǻغʵʵɥʬߡ
ݡ
Ҫ֮ǰǸС֡֯ٳǻص£Ҳǰ
ΪɺϣﱻŮð
లӲѹŭ˺ٸŮˡ
һԵĶûУȾȾʵ̫ˣ˸ƣѻеలǽߣԼĵٴȥ̽Χǽڣûаš
ͲˣҲȥ·
ȾȾǸģలЩˣһȫҴˣװ˷ʱ;ɡ
ȾȾǽô˺һӣʵûҪʱֵĻ
ⲻûʵǽڻᷢ
ͬĵط̽˼ΣȻǿǽǿԲġ
ǽڲһСťȾȾؿһϢల
Ҫȥ𣿡ȾȾѵһ
б㰴ȻలҲ֪Ǹťʲôӷ֮о̫Ķڷ
ȾȾ°ťĶֵ˻ײǽں潥
ȾȾ͵ؿల˵ùֺõѽ
лл佱లҲٿǽϿˣߵȾȾԱߡ
Ѿµῴʲô
ҲΪʲôѰٳǻأûҵǸͷ
ԭڡǽں棡
ǽںȻ¶
ͷһŰɫоɥʬڷײŸƳɵĽűһ֧ܣͷıǩģ
ԭɥʬĶȾȾ޷ǰѰɥʬǰֻ˵һƤüӡ
ǽӲĹǼܻڲͣײĴţֿµ
ȾȾĶֻëȻҲ뿪ĳ·Ը˽ԼҲԸ
µǣȾȾԿͷתĺۼ
Ҳ˵ǰɥʬѹ
ȾȾ֪ڵɥʬǷżѣһ뵽ܣȾȾ˼
లȴֳǰ˼ȻڶǶо߲㾿ʲô
ΪʲôȥĵطΪʲôҪע䡰һš磿
һ㶼벻ס
ʧͳ˼е˶ûз֣ڹǼܲϵײУǸŲλŷһֻײڸסˡ
ܷܲ뿪ȾȾʵܲùǼܵĳˣ֣ôײֲܵ
Уҡలת
󡭡ȾȾϼ䣬ͿһµĻ档
Сģ
లϾˣôȾȾʾˣҲûϮ
ǸǼܸճֻǰలѹڵء
లֱһŰѶԷ߷ɣ˿ڻǿˣѪҺٴ
ǾǼܱ߷ɺѸֻûٴల̯ѪҺ
һԵȾȾǾ߹Ǽ޷ٱΪͷһŵϵѪĵ˶ˣµǣǼϵǼƤϾȻһС顣
ȾȾĩô꣬ûֿѪɥʬ
ɱలҲ㡣
ܾɱһ
ģҸûϰ鼱ͷȾȾ̲סһ໰
˿ߺͻ汾Ͳܹ棬οలָ߼档
նס˵లѾɥʬˣٱҧϼڡ
ҪɥʬͬעˡһšҲɥʬߵļͿֱõȼѹˡ
֪˰ȾȾ̲סθﲻϷĶģʼɥʬ
ֻలʵڲУûһó빥ģҲ˵ǵУల˿ڲѪǾɥʬƤˡ
ӲУҴվǸ䣬˹ʱסల
϶ᱻҧġȾȾһһߺ
һɥʬߣҧͱҧˡ
ûɶõɥʬߣ
ұɣˡలվȾȾ˵õĽ䲻ѾܶûսˣҲ֪ʲô
̤ٳǺ̲סͱɡ
Ԥеѹȸڶʹȴûг֡
ɥʬҲǻʹģలȾȾȫǺԷ˿̻˵˵Ǹûɶõɥʬ߰ɣҾˡ
ԭǾ߹ǼܿҪҧలʱȾȾȻıԶͷܵϰߣͷ˴˿ߣǿǰѹǼˡ
ҡలûȾȾʲôɫղҪǱҧˣҿɾȲ㡣
֮ǰֻȾȾԶѵķݣֵԼⷬζˡ
˽߹Ǽܷ߹Ǽܵ㾹ȻڹͷϣȾȾ˿޷ֻȽǼ
ȥȾȾǼܾͼƤˣȥˡ
ôôڵġల
ȾȾ֮ǰûôģʱڵһ
ôûãǻˡ
లƽϣֻЦ˼
ָˣһҪʰһ
ڿԸô뿪˰ɡȾȾٴ˵
벻ҴͨǵͨĶܹ¥š
ȾȾɵˣʵǷ֮ǰΪʲôҪ
ǾÿˣҪҸɾĵطɡలȾȾʱѾµذ׶ҪΪȥˣ뵽ǻˡ
вɣȾȾԽԽôãһԤԣΪԼڹҶҶŻᵼ³ȫԤԣǣǻﵱɥʬߡ
ȾȾⷬ˵ںలԼǲɵˣôݰǸͷһͬĴ
ȽҲԤԵˡȾȾ
ôô϶Ķһܴ¥Ĵţ˵ˡ
ΪҶǸɵӣֶġ


55 
ȾȾ̵ĹҶѾŵԿˡ
ܿĲ, ־Ȼֶһ΢Ĺ㣬өҪ
Ϊ˱ⷢʲô⣬ͽ¶ӿ˲
Կȷʵȷ, ҲûзʲôԿ׶⣬ǳɹ¥Ĵš
ֻǰһ, Щǵ
ź󿴼ȾȾǱģ, ҲȾȾѾԡ
ôҲ޷ڵĳ
ȾȾżСʱǰ׼ల, һгڿ羰
羰ҲرĲÿһһײŵƤüӡ
Ҷˣڵʱ, ûж˷ʱͽ»һ
ȻǾͿԳٵ㿴ֶĵĻ棡
ˣȾȾҶ, Ͱѻలһԡ
లˤ˸ţȾȾ
ͬʱ, ע⵽ϸڵĽҲȾȾ, һ֣һµĻǼҶͰѻ˶, ǶҶ
Ҷûע⵽µΪĵˣڽһذοպÿ˽µ
㡭Ҷָల±ȥ
ˡ
లҲˡ
ֻȾȾˣɥʬߣвҪŪң
ǰ㲻Ǳĵ𣿡
һʱ䣬ȾȾͲܣల
ʲô¡
, ȾȾָǽһٳǻص£֪ʲôǣȥలسԱѡ飬оһ顣
ǼһôϲеɥʬߣҲûҪҴ
£Ҷڲȫٳǻص¡
Ǹ˵ԼڣڱüӵǰҶǻתݣ˵ڣпʼ
пʼలԽԽЩ˵ֻ˵ػʵо߲㣬ϵ˸ղȥҡһš磬ȴԱ߾Ȼһ֧Ϊ硣
ڵϢల²²Ǹǽɥʬ߱硣
ֲʵ
Ⱥо磬Ϊʲôֱƹ磬ĩɥʬ߶ܱ࣬οͨɥʬ
లô벻ףǾȥΪ硣
ôоеΣҶоµĵذƺҡΡ
ȷʵǵġȾȾҲζʲô
񲻶Ծǿ뿪
Ⱥ˿Ұɫоǽھһζǰһ飬ֱһ飬ǹˮķֵĵ䣬мξҵĴ򶷣û̵Ͳˡ
º͹Ҷ˵ٶȷɿ죬ȾȾలٶһЩҲڰȫʱ뿪¥
Ҫȥöలȥ
ʱˣȥʲô
ȥҪŪףٳǻػʲô
ȾȾలȥԴ̲סһల
ԷǻĶеϵѪһӻˡ
ܵలǰల˵
ŵĵصڶ㣬ΪĶԭķֵסǵȥ·
㻹ԼңˡҿɥʬߣġలŻͼ֣ȴλӰͷȻӿϺڵøһﵱٳǵġ
ɣûõɥʬߡ˵ļ䡣ȾȾȥˡ
䣬ֱӰѱе綼ɡ
ζøӾˣ·һҪˡ
óˡţ
׳лһĻߡ
治ȾȾôûгĹҶؿŽȻĻҳӣסٳǻء
ȾȾ
ͬͬʱ쳹ٳǻء
*
ȾȾԼΣֻصĩǰ
³˾ԭְˣԡ
С㣬Ѿˡ
ȾȾ߽칫ңﻹֻڿƵ
ŵĹ챳ȾȾЩ£Ϊ˾ϣǹȥĶԷļ
Էתӣ¶һźȾȾһģһ
ȾȾŵֱӶŶӡ
һɹ֮ȾȾ֪Ǹĳú񣬲Ƿ¼
ǸйҶ
֪ΪΣֵ˲䣬ȾȾӿҪùҶӰĳ嶯
ȻӰǻġ
µһȾȾ°ˡ
°ʱ§һŮ˵ִǰ
ʶǸŮˣȴԶһ֣¡
ȾȾЩˬȻӦùҶӰġ
ؼҵ·ϣһտ꣬Ľűһ˽ȥ
һŮˣű¶û·
ȾȾʵֱܲҪεľĪ˴
Ҽסҽల
ల㲻ǾǸûõɥʬߡ
ɥʬߣ
ȾȾ۾ǰһƬڰŨصѪζ
ȵòӦˣŷԼǱѹ˷ͷȽϺãǸָպһǽڣһȫ
ʹŲԼ壬ȴ֫ȫûио
군ˣɡȾȾǳ̹ȻؽԼˡ
֮ǰͬιҶҵԼĩ״˺ãʡ۹Ҷ
ҶǸɵӣɲ밭Žµۡ
లȥˣһɥʬ߲ôûбѹ˰ɡ
లȾȾһ
ڡڷǽڵĿ϶ల
ȾȾ϶ӣȻ˼Ц㲻ֵס˰ɡ
졣లɫЩ֡
㻹̫ûˡЦలȾȾ˵һ顣
ճЦңңв𣿡ںڰУȾȾలٶһˣƺܾ޴ʹࡣ
ԭûУˡȥǰɱҰɣҪ߹Ҷҡ
졣
ȾȾ˵లȴͬһʡ족
ôֵȾȾײƺǺܽ
ͷھ׼㡣
㻹ŪңʡǷˡ
졣లɫԽԽ֣ȾȾûע⵽СĿռѪζԽԽء
ŪҰɣȾȾʱνˣ㲻֮ǰһֱŪҡ
졣
仰˵ʲô
һ˵ܶࡣ
һ룬ȾȾͺ͵Ľһʶ׶԰ʲôˮƽ
లһ߽ʾ֭˵䣬һź׶ĵʹ
ǸײȻǹҶھǾΪӳĹǼܹ﷢ġ
ĺѪ죬¶˹ͷǾ߹Ǽܻ̰Ѫ⡣
లŲһ˿һֻҪˣ⸱Ǽܾܳȥ
ɵϣǱ߲ܶȾȾͻ˵ġ
ȾȾܱ࣬ɥʬ˵
ȾȾ֪ʱ򣬾֮ңలѪιʳŹֻΪȾȾݻȥ
ΪʲôѪζԽԽأ
֪¹ǡս˷϶ǡյలϡ
ȾȾһѪలļϣ־ͿԴĵط
ల㱻ʲôҵ𣿡
ܿ죬ȾȾԼͷ룬ΪһֻûѪలץȥ
ȾȾû뵽һʵпôµĿֲƬ
û뵽ѡĲǱۣ۾һضֻֿȥ
లûзȾȾѾ˲ԾţȾȾĶܹڹǰϵ
ల̫ûˡ
లΪȾȾɱԼʶ˵˾졣
ǣţͿ޾˿ߴȾȾָԾ˿߿ٵؽలӿ϶˳Ѹٷ϶
Ǹײ˿ϣֻܷƵȴôײ˿ɵϡ
లҲˡ˵仰ȾȾ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬱ͻߴοȾȾڻѹڷ¡
లܹܵȾȾѾSˡ
ȾȾѹʱలǿֲ˺ڲѪˣﵹײȾȾܲһϡ
ûõɥʬߡ
ԣûáలڲٷˡ
ֵȾȾ֪˵ʲôˣŤؿͷ棬ҿǲǰల
లӼ浽ڣҲһʱ䣬లΪʲôҪô
֪ʲڡ
ˣҲˣԼ
һֱĬ˺ܾúܾá
ȾȾ˯ˣϾ࣬Ķˡ
లãɥʬߣҪʳ
ÿȾȾѵʱ򣬿һలĶ
֪ڼʱలѾʯͷѷ϶ˣҪȾȾÿζһ˿ˡ
ʱ佥ţȾȾȫ֪˼졣
ֻŶ߾˵ల
ȥȥ
ȾȾ˵һ죬ûһֶ˵
ȾȾԽԽ΢ĴҲԽԽ٣లǸУ˾
ôУܵǵԱߣ˰ɡ
磬һǡһšһǡ
пʼలֻϣǲҪƭˡ
లеͬʱͷھ˺üĹҶҲҵȷķλ
ǺòٳǻҵھǰЧһֱߣԽڵȷķλ
ôˣȾȾٴ۾ʱ򣬿졣
ǲˣȾȾʵ
ûలУ֮ǰɱ㣬Ҿ㡣
ڿʲôЦȾȾڿԱߵĹҶǻ
ɡҶڳȾȾలȾȾһ飬һ
ɡѵóȾȾ¶Цݡ
ЦȾȾŵΪԼҪˡ
ŻȾȾ󣬹ҶȾȾ˿ڣι˵ʳˮ
ڻָȾȾܹ֪Լ壬Ϊ˵úأһ飬ȻֻƤˡ
׷ʲôȾȾɵӣɲűѹڷôãһ鶼ûС
Ҳûзʲô
ҶڵȾȾʱĳ̲סһݰǸͷӡ
ԤԸʲôԤԶ˵ˣ
ǸԤలӵǸŮˣȾȾ
˵ôãӵ
ҶⱲӣʧȥЩ䣬ûмôѪȵӵ


56 
Ҷڵֵġ
Աߵ, Ǿͷھڡ
Խڵ棬Խ
ôĶ, Ҷظˡ˵ȾȾ״Ͼôȥ, ȾȾûʳ
˴Сʱ, ڳһȱڡ
ȾȾû°ɣ
ҶͷţġȾȾûлӦ, ǳһϲŹ֣
ȻǾలѪĹǼܹ
ҶӶĵ, ԼͽСʱ, ȫù۾ˡ
һ֮, ֱһԽµذ, Ǿ߹Ǽܹʹ
ֱѪҺϣ֣ͣüͷƴ˦մȾѪҺ
ɡջذ, ؾ˽ǼܹϻһѪûմϡ
¡Ҷô˦ϵѪҺ¶˺ƵЦݡ
ôˣ
³Ҷ˹ȥȻŹҶǳȻ֣ԼǸɾ½ǲϵѪҺ
Ҿ֪ôẰȫƽؿš
£££ҶĽµļ򣬡ֻǵ뺰㡣ڰɡ
ŹǼܹ﷢йŭĹҶһСʱڰѷڳ˴룬ҲڿȾȾ֯͵ǲϡ
Ӧû¡µذ׵һζûл, ɼж̡
Ҷ˿
ʵûɶãһ߹ǲϾŵѪζ
Ѫζ֮ǰմȾϵĶһǹļ¿ֻŵƵġ
ҶǰЩڣյƣվЩȡ
¡ס˹Ҷ֣
Ҷ˳ŽµָȥԭȾȾöҰǴ
ҪѪζ󵼣ΪΪȾȾѾˣǵĵطҲܹġ
ΪȾȾһƬǸԤһ
ֻǸԤԲû˵Ѫ
ѪڲͣطţѪలֱŻϵȾȾѪ˿ڻڲͣšõ塱õ塱ֻСӿȾȾ촽붼
һһڻУγѪ
ˣȵˡలûзſȾȾջ˷ȾȾ촽ߵ֣ȾȾ䣬ӵ
ԽԽʢҪûֽϨ
ۿ˶Ҫأ·ɿس˹ȥһһ
Ǹలѵ
ҶϽ⺦˺üС
صȫĵط󣬽ల˿ڣҶͼȾȾιʳһЩˮ
ô಻ˮ¶٣ҶЩ޴룬ĺŬˣȾȾһˮʲôҩһ˳
ɡ׼ӹˮ룬ȴһԵలֹˡ
ûõģںȲȥģԺҲȲȥˡ
ҶలĻ˵ģҼˣûһˡ
ûѹڷ֮ôãΪʲôһ˶ûСల¶һֿЦݣ֮ǰ˵ϣɱΪǡ
ΪȾȾѾˡల˵ǸпĴ𰸡
లȾȾע䡰һšģʵ̫ΣˣеS߶ܳŹȥģοϣȾȾɥʬߡ
ûа취ȾȾŲȥˡٲȾȾᵽһĸܣҲȾȾȥ
ǷȾȾġ
ΪɥʬߵҪҪǷȾȾġ
ǸǼܹףһַߡһšĳɹʡ
ǸǼܹעʧˣڵס϶ʱע⵽ڽʳѪʱǸжݵѡ
˵עͬѪҺ԰һעѡ
ʵ֤˼·ûдȾȾעꡰһšȾȾԼѹϵľʯվ
ȾȾݵʱ䣬ָϽ˽ڻͣιʳѪҺųŵ˹ҶǸ
п𰸵ĹҶɵµǺ侲˵У仰˼ǰɡ
ֻǲµˡలУó֧ݵġ
ӦǶҵĵǸɣǸǼܹ
ల²֧ӦֻΪһšɥʬࡣ
లٳоѡֱע䡣
ţѡǾ߹ǼܹﵱƷ
ٳоĵǸǵలΪ֡ƻƷǽԼΪƷలǸ
ȻֻҵĲ롣ǵɥʬ߳ңȥ
ֵѡˣలеġɢĹâ
Ȼڡֻһ֧о϶СݣƳֻʱ⡣
లеѡָǣҪôѡΪƷЧҪôѡֱӸȾȾע硣
ѡסǰ߱״޷ȷõµġʱ䣬ߵı״޷ȷЧǷǲһ
޷ѡ񣬲Լע⵽ȾȾѾѵļˡ
*
ҶĽȾȾȥǸУֻд򿪺澹Ȼǿյġ
˵ԼѡҪҿʲôӡ
ȾȾ˵󣬾ͿԵɫ졣
ıȡలһɵӵģ
ֻйҶ¶˶ȾȾԱ֮顣
ҶȾȾļĵ˵һǰЩ飬˵ĵһ仰Ҳ䡣
ʲô˼ȾȾû׹ҶĽ͡
ղʱԼΪʲôû˿ڣǲ֪˼ʵȴǰ̣ͷʼҶ͵
һǰȾȾѾѹѡע䡰硣ڿǡãʧȥעļ䡣
ھʲôֵĵط𣿡ʵ
²ȾȾļǷ⣬˾⡣
ȽȾȾǷɥʬ߱ࡣ
ûʲôֵĵطȾȾԭػһ£һܣ˱֮ǰǿ֮⣬ûвκβ쳣
ȵȣһ㲻һȾȾܵƺԿһЩȻҲ֪ʲô
ҡȾȾû˵ڣԭվԶల˹ְֱסȾȾ͡
죬ʲô߰Ķలɫ죬ﻹźɫ
šֻǰһļ䣬㻹ɥʬߡ
Ҷ˽ۣºలҲʾϿɡ
˿ûȾȾһ۵뷨ûȾȾలΪʲô̬ô졣
ΪǰҶǻǲ߲ݣȾȾ״̬ȶһȫĵطϢͷʣȾȾలҹ
Ǹ棬㲻ϧ˶ҪңΪʲôڿ̬ȡ
ġˣȾȾһյĴСԸֱ˵ల
Ժظоలֻһ˺
졣లĲȾȾѡʱ顣ȻһۿȾȾʱ뷨ȷģ͸ȾȾġ
Ƚ͡
졣
ָڷʱһһ䣬ûһõġֻǺ͵˳ѪȵĶԻͬ˿̵ĶԻֻнٺϲɡ
УҸ㡣లȾȾûȥˣסڲе㲻Ծ׼뿪ȾȾ
˱ȷøȾȾ˫۾ӳలĻ棬ǻˣԻһȴӻ
о𣿡లҧгݵ˵ҳ㡣
ȾȾԭͣ͵ٴξֻܲҪһʶǰŭŵలҪ̷
ʹల־壬ʹలΪలһС
ɥʬ߶Եһɥʬѹơ
һల͸ġ
ԭע䡰һšͬȼģలΪǿɹʣιʳѪҺȾȾ֮£ȾȾļȻ߳లѪҺڣ̶ȵѹల
ҲΪʲôûаȾȾԭΪֻܰɥʬ߱࣬ȾȾļɥʬ֮ϡ
ʲô߰飿లŭ֣ǵһμһȾȾĲϡ
ȾȾûжöలѹƵȨͷలҪһĸԸģ
ɱҵĻͿ԰ѿˡ
ɱ㣬ҷ𣿡లջת뿪ٸȾȾôȥ
ȾȾЦЦɫصలٻͷס
ֻలûü֣ͱסˡ
ллûɱңллҡȾȾȫѹలϣѹలġ
˺þãలٴο˵ǲֺ˼ʲôˣ
ûСȾȾʲôû룬ԺʲôûУ˿ѾһУ͸һһУػ
һˡ
లתӣȾȾУٴĲӣݺݵ˵һ䣺ͷ
˴ɲǣȾȾԺֻЩڻʢŵõ壬ʱȻţǼסˡ
ԸΪЩõ壬ͣڻС
లһҪҽڣôˣ
˭ˣң
ɥʬߵѹƾǸڵ𣿡
졣
õȷʵһõ岻һ̫ˣҲһ
ͷϢȴѵĹҶؿ¹ǵԣĺȥƻա
ĺȾȾȷʵͼı죬లģҶڽµļϣ²š
ǰûиȾȾల̬ȣΪʵ̫ˡ
֮ǰȾȾԿɥʬߵĿ
ȾȾԺһ飬ల᲻ȥȾȾ۾˼ӣͿలɫ䡣
Ȼ󡭡ǾͿలסȾȾ˵ǵ
ûģֻǻڷιѪҺĻ棬ŵʱҪǻʽ˷ôѪҺȾȾʱؽţȻûһĽ͡
ҪȾȾ飬Ҷû˽ᡣ
ֻû뵽ȾȾ飬Ҳû˽ᡣ
İɣƢã˵ʹˡµİοʽڲͬ
ҲǡҶؼۡ
§סȻȻؽһǡ
ͷ˵ĸڳڣͻȻһЩ飬͹ҶôڣҲ֤ǵİ飬ֻ͹Ҷһֱһֱһ
ȾȾӵпలȨǼలԸ⣬Ҳദ
ԼӵпƹҶȨԼƹҶԶ𣿹ҶֻԸⱻ
֪𰸶Ƿ񶨵ģԸҲá
ʼնҶһ˵ֻ֤Ҷƫġ
ȾȾԸⱣΪɥʬߵలలԸΪƫ
Щ͵õˣĩٵĵһ죬ں֮ǰЩϸˮƽ͵õˡ
ʲôˣʲôȾȾȲڹҶеĵλ
Ҷƫģ˷ѹҶƫˡ


57 
˯úܳ
ʱѾ, ͷչⶼս˴ߣİյյ
峺͸£Сڱܳ, ĩǰ
ˣҶֵ˽˷ܵظ߽һϢ, ȾȾలȻ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪȾȾȻలȥ, లϣȾȾȻѹ, ʹˡ
ҶڲͣطȾȾǴĿ¼¾ôЦſ
ҲûǰַҲ֮ǰ, Ҷ˵˵־Ͳġ
ôˣҶһԵ, Щš
ûʲôǸ, ʺϿȾȾ֡§סҶ, ĵЦ
ҶϵЦЩסˣܿͻָ˹˵ȷʵܲ
ȾȾలտ־ȾȾʤ, లܸȾȾ˶
԰ɡలһֻذסȾȾ壬һֻ׼ѿõĶȾȾĿС
ǿ·㳤ĢҳȥġȾȾصֿš
㶼ɥʬˣʲô
ɥʬߣҲҪĶ
ల⻰ɿ֣˵ͦѵġ
ల˵ʲôʱ򣬹Ҷͽ˳, లûм֮ǰĻ⡣
Ǽȥ¸ذɡ˵
һٳǻص̫ˣҪϵ¸ȥˡ
ǻҪల˵
ȻҶش
ɥʬߡలǿ
һͬҲɥʬߣǿȻ˶ȾȾĳɼɸĲԭ䳰ȷϰߡ
һȥɣǶ·ˡȾȾֱӰల˳
Ҷͽ¶һۣûзʲô
ٳǻصõĳٴηˡ
ڳలܾԼʲô飬Ŭ˺ܾöû
˿̣֮ǵϣݰ׵¾ֵؼţݰ׵Ƿǳƽһģ
εԤԹȻʵˡ
ǰ죬ԭǵɥʬͻȻʧȥ˿ƣعǣζЩɥʬలѾˡ
ݰײ֪ʵలûɥʬ֮ʧȥƣΪǵ˻ˣలȾȾԾ˵ʧЧˡ
ΪʲôԤԶʵˣΪʲôԤʧˣ
Ĳģ
ɥʬˣݰ׵µļžϲǿܡ
ݰײ˼ؿǰľɥʬĳˡ
ȻעҪԤʵ֣һٴγֵġ
ôµɥʬ𣿡ȾȾѧϰɥʬƼɡ
లȾȾֲܿƣðֵ뷨ͽɥʬļɡ
Ȼ̫֮ԶȾȾûƵɥʬǷҲţɡ
లû뵽ȾȾȻĸôԶͿɥʬҲǡþݰ׺¡
*
Ϊ˲ʣ˲ûаռƻֻ˻أ;һ·߹ȥ
ٳǻ֮һ·߸ض˻أǰǲɹʱûз⡣
ֻÿǽʱల룬ѡڻͷǳ
ȾȾһʼҲأ˵֮Ҳѡͷš
ΪԽߣԽϣ֮ǵĻؾԽһŻزͬ
ЩزһŻɥʬ߶֪
Щ˽ܶɥʬߵ֪ɥʬǣܹԼЩزɥʬࡣ
ɥʬ߱ͨɥʬҪ硣
ǻͨɥʬϼ뱯ˣǲɥʬߣǳ׵׵ذɥʬߵһ֣˳ͷβʵƷ˿ԷõԴ
ʵҪЩأͲٳоˡЩػȾȾ̲ס˵
ЩһȣǶȷʵͦõģҾǺǡల̹Ȼ˵
ЩزûץɥʬߣϾټߵɥʬҲͨؿץģƷɥʬ߶ƭġ
ȻЩƭɥʬһѣľһֵĻ
Щز⣬ΪУעҪɥʬ߲ݣûκκĿܡ
֮󶼲˻ˡӵ߸ػ󣬹Ҷɫѿ˵
ͽȥ߸ضһ߼ɥʬѪҺܣһžͱ
ԭǸؾĸ߼ѪҺ̫࣬ɥʬߡ
֤Լࡣ
֤ԼǸص̸ı̬ȣֻ֮ǰֱĸоԾǲ
̬ȱȿֻŸӿ¡
ҶԼҪƻأɱɥʬߣ̻صó޺Ϳֻŵ񿴴Լ
Ϊǰ̬ȣ޷ֿ¡
Ҷ֪ǲ֪ǲΪɥʬѲŻоֿ¡
Ϊɥʬ߻ֻ࣬ࡣ
̲ס룬һɥʬоɹڵĻĿԽЩɥʬͬЩմȾɥʬ߶ܣĻԭЩͬ
ҵ˵ˣǿɥʬߡలƽ
ҶڸղܵľУ̲סʵ֪𣿡
֪еɥʬ߲඼֪Ĭ֮ǵˡలɵ˵ȻǸˣȻִҪЩأҲᱻץƤﾡá
˳õĳĬûһ˵
ҶĺңϻҪҡ
ǰǱС˵Ľֿ϶Ըı䣬ֻҪƳ磬ͻصԭģ
ҿ϶ˣƳ磬Ļԭģ
۵ؾãı˵粻һǱĩС˵Ҫá
ǱĩС˵ϵڸѹ¶Ǻƽ
ԭ㻹ɥʬߵ˿𣿡లȴ˳ĳƣǲˡ
ʶˡ
లûٺ͹Ҷ磬ĩ˭޷ʲôˡ
𱨣ɱѵ
Ըɥʬ
ĩû˭ʸУֻлȥŬȥʲôʽ


58 
Ҷǽ·˺ü˻, ȡ֮ǰĽѵûн롣
ڽ˻صʱ򣬹ҶЩĵ
ԼҲÿЦ, Ǹ࣬ȴ, ɥʬߡ
˻غ֮ǰ·Ļزͬ, ٻᵽɥʬߣᵽҲ̬ͨȡ
󲿷˺ɥʬǷ, һߺһߺ¡
Ϊʲôô֣غ֮ǰЩؾҲԶôػһƽ͵̬ȡҶ˲Ծĵط
Ϊ˻, ˻оо, 㻹ǵٳǻЩż𣿡ԼԼˡ֡ƻŷ죬²µˡ֡ƻʲô
˵˹ģ
Ӧöŷһ, ǻһŻ, һŻصоˡ
ٳǻоǽǸεı־ʱͷӦԼˣֱǵºڡ
һοǸֵı־ö, ǾһŻоǽϡ
ֻΪоǽûɨǸ־ؾͱҳڸˡ
ղųļоʱ鿴һ£ȻоǽشҲһǻεı־
ôɫలΪֻ֮ǰɫѿػ
Ͼ˻ء˵
Ҳǣٳǻһ˻ء
Դ뿪ٳǻ֮Ѿ·˿꣬లǵദҲԽԽˡ
õʱ򣬲ȺһЩ˽⵽Ϣ
ջٳǻص죬оǰͷɵӰ̫ˣҺȥһȺͷ, ˳һͬ˻صоԱ
ǲ²Ҳ鵽ʲôȾȾش𡣡ల˼ɫ֪Է϶֪ЩʲôȾȾ
¡ȾȾలദһ㶼ûг˳˳ܾǴܣȻ֪Ϊʲôദȥǳغг
Ҷüζײ˴ŴžͱһĻ棬ô˵أȻܰġ
鵽ĩǰͬѧҶһ£Ͼֻʺϰɫˡ
Ҳ鵽Щԭȶϣ֮ǣǲ֪Լ뿪Ǳϣ֮ˡһǾǸϣ֮ǺͼĻ֯ԱʵҲûˣǸлһţоǽǸ־ֱ˵Լǻ֯Ա
ϣ֮ǺͼΪʲô֯ʵ
֪ûȥǸ߾̫ΣˡలȻԸҲɲٱʵƷˣһζûеʵƷߵĻЩĸ߼ʵ̫ˣһпʧֱץ
֪ˣ¸˻أһ취ŪġలΪʲôṩϢˡ
ˣǰǸأа취ŪǿһǳرĻءల˵ĬˣҲûмǰǸص
Դ˵ˡ¡Ҳû̸ȾȾڼǵĶԻ˵¸ؾҪֿ𣿡
ȻȾȾ֪ŹҶߵϣ֮ǣû뵽ߵһ룬Ҫȥ
԰Ϊ㣬Ǹ׸ûõɥʬߡలǼǵðѵȾȾ˵ĻҲΪʲôܡֹͣսԭ
ҲûãһûõɥʬߡȾȾల󣬾ͰͶ˹Ҷ
ȾȾû⵽Լ̫רעڹҶͣʱ̫
βȽ·లˡ
һΪûҵͬ飬᲻ûȥԭ᲻õ˵ʱѡలһ·֪ȾȾĹȥҲܵȾȾԹҶԡ
һ㶼⣬һ㶼ȾȾĻ
Ҷһûҵҵͬ飬ҪҡȻҲ㱨ġȾȾʱȲలĲˬ˵
á͵Ӧ˲һҶδӦúˬ졣Ҳûио˸УֻҪҶţԶ
ȾȾһγҶЦûκεĺߣûκεڣõЦҶҲȷʵõѡ
ĩǰûѣĩȴӵѡ
ԱߵలԽȾȾЦԽˬֻǽţȾȾ˵ĻɹشĲ
ֲе㵣ģҺ͹Ҷô㲻ᡭ
ģϲŰలҪϲŰôȾȾһ
ҾƢõġȾȾ˵
Ҫɡ
ͬһֶߣȾȾలĵʵǵͲȥ
ҶҲ̲סͽµҾҲҪԴס
⻹ǽͷһܵԴ׵ĴȻô붼벻ԼʲôùҶԴס
ҾలһĿԡҶ˵ǱĩС˵ݣһ¡
ûֿܣ㣬ûпܡ
Ҷͽ˶һЦҶǿмǵᾢһȫɢˡ


59 
ల˵Ļػ൱һ·, ȾȾͳҶһЩͬĳࡣ
ǴͷĶӳǸʮˣ衣ȥģȴ͵ġԸҲ, ҪǵʱҲͦġϽƱ˵, ڲ˵, ɥʬû˵ˡ
Ƕϳģһ˫, һ㶼۾ͷϽǻһС롣ҾҵļʲǺܴ󡣡
ȾȾ֪ûֿϵϣ͵ÿһιڶ, 빥ɥʬʵ̫Σ, вͻˡ
мԱǳӵġ
ȾȾϸҶһԱòΪԱòԣȾȾҶǻԱĳࡣ
ȾȾһһ֮, ʱôȥ, ҲలеĻء
ҶէһΪֻصٳɻء
ǰ죬ǰȴѻȸ, ûκļ󣬾һǡ
ҶҪǣలסˡ
ڻûеʱ䡣
»ĸоٳɻһޡ
ҲʲôֲĴ𣿡Ҷʵ
లؿ˹Ҷһۣ˵˵ȷʵпֲĴš
ǰغһŵĻزԴҲࡣ
仰˵غһŻһᡣ
һŻ϶ˣǱ߱ûʲôأҲûʲô, Χɥʬֶ˿סˣһŻ˵شȥһֱչڡ
زͬΧ̫ҪϲΧɥʬȺжɢһһˡ
ӭ֣֮һȺԶǳɥʬȺϮǡలޱؽţǵһƵĻأ˵ɱ˺ܾãȵĿ޺ҲûʱضɥʬĳѨ֮Ҳû߸ҽأӴﱻ֮ǡ
ҶЩ⣬ʵﲻǺͳĬ֮ǲ࣬ΪʲôһŻضȥѰĬ֮ǣرһŻǿôྐྵȻҡ
ﱻ֮ǰɣ긽ĻǲǻʲôԲص顣ʵ
˵򸽽ĻԮ֪ʲôԭЩع˾ԮٶȣȵǸʱһжѾ޷ءǲҽ룬Լɡల˵ЦȻֻ˵һЦϾӾԮĻôܻΡ
ԭǣĬ֮ɥʬĩʱûӳȥͨˣǱɵɥʬҲֻͨɥʬ֮Ĵ󲿷ɥʬĩ˺ܾõߣǱɵɥʬǸ߼ɥʬ߼ɥʬж¾Ͳ˵˰ɡ
ҶȻ߼ɥʬж£ͨɥʬֻҪɥʬܽ߼ɥʬתɥʬ㡣Ĭ֮һսʱҪǹҶ⣬S߶ܱĥ
ΪʲôҪҺ㶼ɥʬߣô߼ɥʬҲûסҶǡһʱϰȾȾҲڶʱ޷ô߼ɥʬġ
ల¶һдŷЦݣֱŹҶ۾һ֮ǰһ⣺ʶĸ߼ɥʬ𣿡
Щٶ۵ȾȾˣȵ˵˼֮ǵɥʬӵʶ
Щ߼ɥʬɺһʼʶɥʬ߲ͬմȾѪȣָʶǣǻ𣿡లضŹҶ
Ҷ𰸡ͲǴϻ۵ˣȻҲΪĩС˵ʮ꣬ҲΪ͸Ԥ֪δֻһŬսĩͨˡ
లŹ˹Ҷ֮ܵɥʬʶ൱ɥʬĽгǻｻʺϢ
లﶢϵˣ˵ǶûڵʳҲġ
ʵҪлĻأûǣȺɥʬȥôõĽ׳ʵ֮ǡ
صĸ߲֪֮ǵܣ͸¶͸¶ȥݻˡϾĸ߼ɥʬɥʬߡ
ٹСʱˣ֮ǾͻῪˡల˵ʱԼȥͺáģ֮ǵɥʬǲڳϮģҲ鷳
㲻ȥȾȾʵ
ȼ֮ϣǿƲסӣһͷп߼ɥʬһҪ˼һҪҪ㡣లû˵ʱıȾȾĪ뷨ڵùǺ
ǻʲô𣿡లٴ˵
ҡҶԥ˼룬˵뷨Ҳһǿ
Ȼలղûм׷ʹҶĴ𰸣ҶԺﻹǲͣ˼⡣֪ôȥҲ𰸣
֮涼Ǹ߼ɥʬ㳤ȾȾǴҲȾȾ𣿡లȫԼʲô
һǱȹҶģȾȾ̿ķܿ϶Ǻܿ϶ġһۿҶʱ;ԼȹҶǿˡ
ǲµģ𣿲ܳ⻹ǳڡҶ˼·ǳҲǳᶨ
లûпڣҶ˵ȷģûɥʬ֮¡¸֮ϵĳǳءֻҪκһɥʬ֣ǳؾͻ׹Ԩ
֮ǰҲûҽɣ
㲻ల¡
ʱ䣬ȾȾķ²УలѾ֪˽жŹҶֱǰѹҶһҪڻѩˡ
ȻలҲ֪ȾȾ²п϶зǳӹǽ¿϶ǲͬҶôΣյľ
Ҳһȥ¸һϵĴ𰸡
ô̬ȾȾæһ䣺ҡ
УʹలϴȾȾĻ
ల̬ȹڼᶨȾȾֻýš
ɫһһ֮ĵƹһյһյѾ΢Ļ
𣿡లٴȷϵ
ˡҶش
ˣһ绹м֧ʱȾȾѪǡలĴ㣬˰Ҳɥʬߡ
ȵʣǰ֮ǳ׻˹貵ĵƹͬҹһĿ
ల̲סһԽԽˣ֪һ¡
Ҷͽ¶һۣǶ˶Էе˼
֮ǿȥŬһŻػҪá
ȱԴҪµسȥҡɥʬȱԴֱҲǵܵţ䡣లûؽ͵ɥʬֲҪϢܸ㲻𣡡
Ҳþûˣϴʱûô棬ҵ㣬Ҳ֪᲻ʲô⡣
֮󣬹Ҷǲʶ濴ֻС档
֮Ǵ˿̵ľͺĩǰĶһֵϵˣǴ룬ϸɸɾ֮ˡﻹǴСϹ˹ϲãżҿۻۣԻгϢ
֮ǣҲԲᷢߵʵɥʬֻΪԼԽĩ֮ǰ


60 
ʲôҽн׵ģҶЩ, Ϊôһ֮ǣɥʬֲǶͬһطôͳһ׻ҵġ
찲ʾҶΧĻ, ˵ʲôҽн׵ģ
Ҷϸ۲˺üףûзͳͬĻҡ
ʲôͬĻ, ȫǿ齻, ûзôÿɥʬ˵Ļ
ûͳһͬĽ׻һҲ֮ΪġΪɥʬǻ϶ǵסģҲûҺǽֻ֮, гԵĻᣬн̸顣
లȴŹҶȥ˳
Ŀలʽۺ󣬹Ҷױ𺳵, లۿſžͺͶԷ
ҿۼɡల˿ûʶ, ԷΪ̲סŲݲݽ˽ס
Ҫĳ, లŴŹҶ֮й,
һйҶûзЩɥʬĩࡣΪĩٶЩ, ֮Ϊɥʬû̫ѹԸǻĩǰֱĥͨࡣ
Ǹ̯ôôɥʬҶһ۾Ϳۼɥʬ
ǵģϰߣ֮ɥʬࡣ
һŻ֮󣬹ҶǾͷˣеĻسԱһŻصĳԱһô֡
صĳԱϲһ˵Ϊζųɱķա
ϴʱ, ﻹûôֿԿల²⼸䣬һ뵽ϴʱҲûиôǱˡ
ҶǼ˺þòż˿ֵǰš
Ҫǹ˼Զĸ߼ɥʬలʣɥʬȺ룬Ⱔؼȥûкµظо
ҶƽˮɫûкµĸоˣǼɥʬȺǵΧǵͬࡣ
Χ۵Ľʵһ̯ӣͷ׵ĶҲûʲôر棬Ǹ̯Ƚˡ
Ǹ̯ǰһӣдţֻҪ̯˵һ仰ôͿ̯ѡһߡ
ӵĽ׻ɱһĿۻ˼ˣԲôɥʬΧۡ
ӵһɲǣҶߵలõѡ˵һ仰˵̯ʮ䡣
ڹҶҪȤలʱһԵĽʾҶϸ۲Ǹ̯ĳ࣬Ҷŷһµʵ
లԱߵɫ䣬Ϊڳٶ۵ʶԼղżɥʬȺ
ôѽǲǸûȥˣలедĵ٩
㿴Ǹ̯Ҷѵ
һǸ̯֮లɫҲˡ
ΪǸ̯ģһ˫ۣһ۾ͷϽǻһС롣
кܶ೤ƵˣҶȾȾ˫̥ҲС붼һģһ
һ뵽ĵŶѵȾȾҶ֪òȷˡɥʬǲȾȾĶ衣
ǣǲ֪ȾȾôɵɥʬл᲻մȾȾȾѵ
ల֮ǰǸٴγ˹ҶԺ
ȥ԰ɡ²ɫƹҶ
̯λֵɥʬܶ࣬ȥԵȴûж١
ҶһӾŵ˶顣
Ϊ̫ңҶ֪ԼҪôԡڴ˵˼Ҫ˵Ļ̫ˣҪܼܲ۸һ㣬ЩĩǰҲûʲôɱŵȻûκεá
һĵɥʬǻŬҶ⣬ϧЩ̨ʵǹڲֱӣҶô˵ڡ
ڹҶ󲿷ɥʬעͬʱںһΧ۵ɥʬ׻
֮󣬽¾ԼҪϢ
ֵ̯ȻȾȾĶ衣
̯ѾкܳʱˣЩΧ۵ɥʬҲ˽⡣
ȾȾЩʧɢǾһ·ڵأǺϲأͶ
Ϊʵ̫˵ˣԻؾͰѺ͸нĻ
һɥʬϮʱҲ豻ȥԮ
˵һĻԷֻؼ֡
Ǵȴֻ˵֡Է뾡취شӡ
ص˼̾͸ϻػأ׼Լһ֮
ǣ֮ǰͱɥʬȺΧˡ
ȵʱѾɥʬվڻѪȡ
ʵˣǶģȥҲڱɣɥʬҲ
ѯʵǰصĳԱǻЩϾԮĻأǾԲ裬Щȱɥʬͬ顣
ȥѾ̫ˣǰͬ飬Ҳͬ顣
İɣǿԣǸ̯ĶĲͬΪ˵ճġ
ԭô̼ôԸ̯ӣɥʬĽͣ̾ˡ
ĿǰΪֹû˵һ仰Ҫﲻ򶷣ҿЩͬ鶼趯ˣԽļһֻдһٲסɥʬֵ鶼ˡ


61 
ʵֻҪǸжϻٵͬڳһȦ, ҵ׺޲Ľܽ⿪ˡɥʬѰ취ˡ
⻰뵽һ, Ҫలϡ
Ӻ󣬱Χɥʬ˵ĹҶలı, ֻӻؽµߡ
ºǽһԼõϢ
ԵŤĿ¾, లûжĸдֱٳǻصѡ, Сʲô
ǹҶײӼңɫ϶¶˳
ڸô죿లʵ
ʵѾԻȥˣǲʲôĻ, ȾȾ֪, ҪӲ֮ǡ
ôȾȾ顣
Ѿˡ¸లļƻ,
ƻ, లŽ£ʵǲұһ٣
û˸֮µġ˿Լļƻʲô⡣
Ȼలý²ģŽµļƻ, Ͼûиõļƻˡ
లٴμȺ쳣ŵ̬ȣԣȻΧ۵ɥʬʾ⣬˵Ųţһ˵ģ
ţ
ţ
ͷ벻ŵһ룬
ĮؿİŮһۣŮ˿Ա˵һ仰, ˵ŵʱҪϧ˵Ļᣬû˵Ļᡣ
ղǸǰŮôĶȾȾûпڡ
లͷյĶߣҪ㿪ȴһ䣺㲻˰ɡ
ûƶȻİŮ˵ţûоøղŵǸŮ˺һˡ
סˡ
లע⵽Ӧ˵ҲˡģղŵǸŮ˺ĲһˣΪɱǸˡ
Ǹ˺ȾȾʱңǧҪĶѣ
죬ζѪҺ档
һӶ˵ΪҴ˺һģһŮˡ
లԼҪԼ˵úëֱ£⼸仰ʵȴܱӹģ
ȷʵɱȾȾȾȾҲҪ߹ҶѪҺҲ棬ѪҲȷʵһǸҲȷʵΪȾȾϹҶŹҶ
˵Щలŵ軺վȻȺһơ
ܿ죬һ˼˹
ֽдһ仰˵𣿡
Ǹ⻰ల
Ȼ֪Լ˵ĶģలЩŬװʮ˵ţȻġ
˵ġ˺ܿжϳ١
Ϊʲô
̣ͬలˬ˵˵ЩΪ㿪ڡ
లصǿˡ˵Щ֣֪ͨġ
貢ûǸж٣ûȥͨӹĹ¡
˵⼸ĵһ仰Ҫɱ㣡
ϵǹɱѹలʹò˼
Զ빥ߣôȫסĹ
ԭսµļƻֻҪ˵һ仰ʱ̸Ŀģôܰȫˡ
ǲ֪ǲΪôɥʬעţలƢҲˣȻһ㶼ĿڣȻһ
һ֪ȾȾô֮ǰʲôİϷôͲ֪ȥѰȾȾ
ȾȾһʼǵ͵ȼûʲôõܣܻȾȾˡ
һʼڿֵɥʬǼͻȻʧأһÿɥʬȰܡ
ల˵ʲôȻĻǿҲҪ뱩లĶ
ô죿Ҷʵ
ʧˣǰϵļƢǸϷֻҪӣҲԸƢһݡ
ȫû뵽లԼҲͷ͡
Ҫǹ˼ҶɥʬȺİȫùలలôһˡ
֮ǵɥʬ㹻飬లɥʬ֮ǰͰסǣ͵˸ĵҡ
֮ȷʵܣЩʱ̲סǾͳ˵á
Ҳĵ⡣
ĵΪۿ˫ƢˣֻҪеļ۸˫Ҳûˡ
ȫؿ۵ˣ˫֮ǰг𣬽˼ۺ죬ֻܸ֮ǰһطǷйŭల־ͱȥġ
Ȼ˫ֵ̫ĻͱɵǺ֮ǵľˣҲ֮ɳɥʬֱŹ˫Ź֮󣬻˫֮ǣֹٴνڡĿǰΪֹ϶ûз
Ͼ֮ǵˣȥҵˣǰలһûɳɥʬ
֮ǵĵҾ⴦ôڣٳоǸһ׵


62 
ҹϵɲ, లʹͷŵɥʬԭŵϵСţҪˣҪˣ
ͷԽԽϾԵһ䡰ҪˣҪˡΪǼ͹
ͷŵЩɥʬԾûȤ, Ծ뿪ˣͷҲ, ôҲǿȥҲ̶ð, ûʲôΣա
ҶǸϵʱͷѾгϢ
లŸѪģ, ռ˵ҵĲͬĽ䡣
లӹĹ¡е£Ͳǽ±ĺĹ£ǷŤ, ŭ, ɥĲĹ¡
ǿǸӲŲ뷨ȥ, ֡లĿ˵, ǾȻˡ
Ҳ鵽˻һĵ࣬ȻҾҲرĹģȻôô궼ûȥ
ֻǻҵ
ŭɢȥ, ֻʣǻһΪ࣬סˡû뵽˱ɥʬˣǻסѡ
ڣֲʶɥʬҵ֪𣿵㣬˵ǵûʱеĹâжôãҼʡ
ĹҶ̲סͽ֣̽ô伵ĵġ
ЩΣֹ伵ĵģ׾ΪʲôʧصֵزˡలڸȾȾƽ
ԭȾȾĶѶĻలǲ
లĶͱ˸߼ɥʬ, ֮￪ĵţų׼ŭల
ΪôƵɣ͡µĵѿһһķ϶
ڵలûлţĹҶˣĲͽھҹˡ
ʵֿһ
˭
ʱ򣬹ҶŷԼѾ߿˵ҵĴš
ȾȾ˵仰󣬹Ҷͺˡ
㲻Ƣûôá
ҶЩԼĻԼյ˵߿˴ţ˿Ƣá
ǿŹҶźȾȾƵϣĵؽ͵ȾȾĻ˿͸ҵ죬Щ꾿ʲô
Ҷؿ£֪Լòð˵ȥ
»ûָʾԭ޷లƵĳ˹ȥ죬̵Ƿ˵Щ꾿ʲô
һ룬లɳһ㱻ҵ˵ҵǽϣǽѿ϶ùҶľս
Ҷæȥ鿴లڿԷĹ㻹ûϨ˿
ǵĸ߼ɥʬʲôˣǾǴܶ
లҳȥͻȻˣղӵʮֲԣǺȾȾģΪȾȾƽġ
ΪʲôжٵʱȴʾǸ˵Ļġ
ʲô貢һܣѡѯҲ֪˵ĹҶǡ
ȾȾˣɥʬߡʱʵûа취ɥʬߵĻҪȥ˵ʵ顣
һʲôָѾվలʵ
ȾȾҪΪʲôҪôڵĻΪʡలһڡ
Ҽʲô£㽲ô˵ġలͲ಻ˡ
ҵʱֻʿɶֹ顭Ǵ
õԱӦӡలдʡ
һͺⳡ־ڽˡ
లг߳ͷŵЩɥʬЩ⣬ԭǵð´οԶཨ
ѹҶǴ˼ȾȾĶǡ
Ǻһ̲סʵȾȾôǵʱʧɢȥģ֮ȥˡɥʬȾȾҪǺΪѵġ
ΪѣʲôΪѵġలЩɥʬͬΪɥʬΪػٳǻأԼɥʬߵʲô۵㣬ֻٳǻǷģûǷٳǻصġ
һ࣬ɥʬƵ໹ݵ𣿡ЩȾȾѵ뷨
లȾȾѽʱ򣬹ҶһֱûпڣԺԽԽࡣ
һలǾ䣺ӵǵĸ߼ɥʬ𣿡
һЩѵ䣺һ࣬ɥʬƵ໹ݵ𣿡
ɥʬڲԼ޷϶Լǲࡣ
ôΪҵ
లȾȾĶûгΪలʵǴ򲻶ˡ
ֱʾ⽭ڣֺŪɥʬĻǽ±Ƚʺϡ
ȾȾ֪ֻǰǣϳ衣ȾȾǰǰ˵軰ܶ࣬ǲĶӳİģջѡ˵ʵ顣
ԣϣȾȾ֪Ǳɥʬ𣿡
µʳںȾȾЩѺܾöûз
ΪǻĩŻŰɡ˾
֧˶һϣΪԷȥ֧
ȾȾڷϣలҪ߹Ҷǣͬһ
ã֪ˡ˳ŵ


63 
֮ǵһֱ賿, ҹɫʼתΪˮīɫʱ֮Žȥ
ȾȾԭӵţֻǵŵͲͷ۾, ȥǳǽʮɫ֡
Ҳ֪˶ãٴ۾ʱ, һĨõĽɫ͸ϡ
ӭĨɫչ, һٿҶڳ֡
ôŻȾȾѵķŻС
Ϊలۿſź˴ˡҶŲ, ¶ڵల
ɥʬߵ޸ҲֻలѪģػһһ黹ⲻ˵ġ
ȾȾһοల˵ģǱﲻסЦͲ˵һ䣺Ҳн찡
ల֮ܰ˵, ֻγȾȾĳЦ, ĻűŻûס
ȵȾȾԭ³ϣͳȾȾûз, ȾȾα, ȾȾĲ˸ӡ
ȾȾֺֺЦҲûдల§סలలϵദ˺üڡ
ǲǹ, ϶Ŀˮల
˵أȾȾЦ
ڳĹҶ彭¹˹ָĬ˳صԭϡ
ȵȾȾ꣬תͷһҶѾſһϾؿǡ
ôŵȾȾЩŤҲЩܣ˸÷ֱʱˡȾȾصĬ֮ǸĿ֮ǣҶߵϣ֮ǡ
ĸ˰Ϣٴνһ顣
ҶȾȾԼãҪҵͬ, дת͵һŻأȾȾԻһŻȡš
ȾȾڲͣظҶ˵ʾల³
ߵ복һξ󣬽²ſڣٳо͹ҶʲôϵΪʲôǸϵǹҶա
һֱ飬֮ǰһֱûҵʱѯʣһҪ
ʲôϵ룿లһʱᶼûš
ȵӦЩƣǸ־Ȼ͹ҶһǸǸͷģҲʲôر֣ǱȽϺüǣо߲㿴һͶסˡҲǵá
లһӾͱǼ֡
㻹ǵעһ𣿡ʵ
ల˺ܾã˵˴𰸡
һ˺üͬʱ⣬Խʵ棬లشԽɴش𲻳
లɫ˲ʵʲôʱ˰ģ
ѾӦˣô꣬Щش¼ʱ䶼ǲ̫ôܻס󲿷оԱ֪ͨ롣
Ҳһ·¶κ鶼м룬Ψ飬һûУ֪ʲôʱ⡣
Ӻ󣬽ºలص˸ԵĳϣܿͳŲͬķʻȥ
Ҷڸʻϻͷ˺þãֱĳջߡ
᲻ȾȾʵ
Ҳǣֻǵల·ѳŪɡ
˺ǸϣҶϰ߷롣
εķûдſɬøˡ
ҶĵĲ޵
ȾȾȥûãల˵һϷɣ˵֣¸ʱٸһ顣
ȾȾûల˵˵ĳͷʲôʹӦ
లڱ˼֣Ǵ룬ҲǹҶջ档
ΪȾȾܼô֣ǼģԼ˵ںˡ
֮ڿ¸ء
ȾȾ˷ܵظȫ֣˵һ£ǲȫ˵ˡ
죬లڸԼ˵˶ֶˡֻԿ϶ȾȾǶǸ롣
˵ֶǶԵġలҪܹȥ
ʲô飡ȾȾɴ۾𣿡
ȾȾҧгݵ˵㲻ԼҲǵ˰ɣ
లĬˣȾȾŭǿڣһǵһ顣
˵ΪʲôǵôΡȾȾֻⷢӣȴû뵽లѨ
లҲ֪ʲôȻʵػش𣺡ǹҶա
ô֪ҶգҶ֪Ҷգ
ӦҪΪʲôҪǹҶգźԼΪʲô֪Ҷգ
ʻĳڵ·Ͼҵزš
లûкȾȾ˵࣬˭¸Ҷһϵ
ϲôڡ
ºలڻص˿֮ǡ
ǧٿףǽĿ֮ǣలʲô
˺üĹ򣬲ŰʧȥƵɥʬȺ¿ס
లڳûҵݰ׵ټֲ֪ȾȾݵؿƹɥʬȺĬݰ׺ѾɥʬȺ˺Ƭˡ
ЩϧϾûгЦݰףܿͰ֮Ժˡ
ֹ˼£లװȥһŻأѹҶ׼õżøȾȾ
һĶǣǹöܺãرĶӳȻ˵ôˡ
ȾȾż󣬸˵ڿ֮һȦ
֮ǵɥʬȺ棬ʮרҵس䵱ܵĽɫ
ȾȾƽĩ
֮ǵĲԶ˹źȾȾȻͬĩ
ǻûһĲϣƤȫǴСС˺ۣɫɥʬòȥ໥ţһȳһյš
ұߵͷ׷ƤϢ΢·һҪߵ᲻٣ûɣʬ㣬ɥʬɥʬ
Ȼӿ֮ӳݰ׺¡
Ļ¿ʱɥʬǵĴڣƾŻɥʬѰڻ¹ʧЧʱ򣬿ݰ׵Ԥܣҵȫķǧڴӿ֮˳
ãڶɥʬѰͬʱҲܿలȻǴ˿ȻûΣգҲӵɡ
ǻһŻءݰ˵
֮ǰüΪ϶ҪˣǻֻлصһŻص뷨Ҫȥ
㹻ûУ
ݰײԼʲôһֱΨΨŵŵ¡
һһֱ֯ûõĳԱ˭۸ҪԼһͲ֪ˡ
һҲУϴɥʬѪҺȥһŻأȻ·˹ɥʬѪҺܶˣʧˡ
ڿ֮ǣһԭһϴεİ²
ǻһŻءݰ׾һλᡣ
˵ˡݰ׵˫΢ţǸµ۾ڳһâȥ
㡭ݰױûжˣڸܵûС
ûжݰףǼ̵ĵطȥ
㡭˼·ݰֻһЩ
ȴΪݰ벻ˣ˵ҽ̷
ݰȻ֪֣Ϊ֣ݰײŻѡ
֮ǸȻʲộοҲ߲˶·
ǻġݰڲ˵ʲôصһŻصĻ
̷ΪݰȰȥһŻأִػش𣺡Ǿɡ
̷ܹݰ쵼ˣҪԤܣԤ뷽跨ȥɱɥʬǳϣڱϡ
˭ûԤܣû˿ĸܡ
̷ǧǵǧֻһǧڵ
ǰɥʬĶܵ㣬ܶѡ
ˡ̷֪ԼڿʼܵĻ˵ܻҪ׸Կ϶ܲˡ
ݰҲ֪㣬˵Լܰɡ
ˣҲˣ֮ǰǷ㡣
̷Լڵɳһ֣֮ǰ¿ֻŹĳҪˡ
Ӻ̷ߵĽŲԽԽֻЩŲǳйɣɥʬµĽŲ
۾ȴǰľŵҪֹͣ
һıǼ⣬ϵ˫۾һգգؿ

һЦպһ̷ǾֵķӦתͷһԵݰ˵ּˡ
̷ϴͷӦûա
뿪ҪһˣһŻصķչģҲԽԽȻ͵κʣµ˲ɣҲŴȥѰʡ
Ѱ˿֮Ǹû뵽Ȼһˡ
ݰײգ̷ϣ·˵ţҵԤԲģǾӦȥһŻأǲȥǾҡ
̷˿Ѿ˲ݰˣԺŻ棬Ժֻʣһſ
һһϣ˵ţƻʲôҪֻҪٴҵʱ򣬽гҵ֣ҽΣ
Ժʹ˿ֵ̳յȫغϡ
̷ųպΣ
֣ɻǸǷģֻǳݰ׵ЦݸӲˡ
ܵк֣ܶЧõľһ̵⣬Ȼ𰸾롣
֮ǰһŻضŪǣ˵ԼʱðԼʵʲô⣬ֻΪܵãȻԼԹȥˡ
ֻˣļҲˡ
Σǵãֲǡ
ݰף˵Ԥ硣˵˵顣
ǸԲ㡣ݰ֪˵ʲô
ݰףԤû˻磬ǻд硣û˼䣬֪ζ˵š
̷ȭͷһд硣
һжԼõļƻţǣǽº͹Ҷ
հ˴һŻأףˡ
ףЩϳݰףڲ϶£Ҳû
ȵٴ̽ʱѾ뿪ˡ
е㻳µذˣȥˣǱҡ
ף࿴µͰݰ׵ˣֻ뿴쵰ذͱߵ
Ҫյϻһ仰ǸļһҴ߹ˣǸʵˣǿԾʹ
ϵǵͽһӳĬ֮ǵǸSߡ
ߺףȷʵöԷرӣվرģӲն˽µְ
Լߺ󣬻طᲹ㣬ΪôһСģǰغһSߡ
ˣȷŹף
ͨԼŬףŹմ˿ڳط質
ԱǱϵݰףʻǷ·˼Ѫ̷
ȥͽǻϣȻ򿪹ҶĻ¡
Ǹŵľǽ⿪Ҷӡ룬ǸҲһ⣬ֻедĹҶ֪ʲô
ʹѾû˼䣬Ҳ֪Ǹ⵽ʲôҲ϶ûصļ便ǲȫǲʵġ
ǵƻ󵨵ÿ£һһûκα÷ֻҪһʧܣôƻʧܡ
̷һֱգôվͲûؼ䣬̷ȥ򿪻£⿪Ҷļӡ
ǵƻ˵ػ͸ǵԵһ
ֻڶģڶǵ־վܹսʤ־ǡ
ǲŻô̷ǵļƻ˭ƻʼ֮ǰȫʶ̷Ϊκ˶ǵĶѡ
ˣӡݰ׿ٶȴһһ߿ǰ·
ݰ״ûӡԼǸ¡ôദֱڼʻǸ˾Ǹ޴ڸУ˵Ҵ¡
ڶûףʲôʱϵϵġ
İɣǲġǻҪȥһδ˵
Ʋɵ̬·һһĻأ·ٳǻأ·ҶɥʬߵĻء
ͬʱһҲдУŵǽº͹Ҷ
ƺȾȾ뿪һֱ졣ҶԴ֮Ҳûмˡ
ǹ꼾֮ͶˡȻ˵š
ǵİ
ƺ˵ƺ˵Īĩ
һжתģ񲻻Զ꼾
ٳǻƪ
лҪ˵һǻƪܹҶǵļƻʲô~


64 
Ҷپһ, ܵյĿĵϣ֮ǡ
ߵһغϱߵһزͬԽϣ֮ǵĻؾԽþˡ
֮ǺĺüضùҶɣΪʲôĩûս᣿
Щʵ̫ǿ, ǿһ֧ͿԺɨĬ֮ǣصĿƼˮƽˮƽѾָĩ֮ǰˮ׼
ΪҶֻЩͣ˶ݼ, Ҳû취о
һŻǱߴŹ, ϣشϼ죬Ҫغǻϡ
ԭҲֻϼ뿪, κһؾյϢҲ֪һŻشϢԱôôܹôһŶӵԱ棬׼ҵǡ
ϣ֮ǵĻؽܳǡ
ͬһ, ϣ֮ǵķ֮ܡ
ΪĩɥʬϮٵϣ֮, ̫ͨˡ
һʼϣ֮ǻȥȵ˺, ȫԽԽҴ߶ϣ֮, ӵȺѾϣ֮ǵɷΧ
ϣ֮Ǳߵһأûϣٴʧ
ǣܳǳˡܳǳеϣ֮ػְ, ϣ֮еںͿеְܡ
ϣ֮ǽҴеж˳ڣЩǿ׳˺߰ڶܳǡ
仰˵ϣ֮ǾǶܳǵĳгǡ
Ϊϣ֮ԼļˣÿܳǵĳԱҲ᲻ġһһһֱչڡ
ҪϸյϢͺˡҶСŽ˵
ǽ˶ܳǲų׸ܵܳǵķΧġ
ܳ治ϣ֮ǵĸǣǼ̾͵ʮһŻء
Ҷǵʱճſڵָʾ򿪽ӦͨȻһרҵԱϴ̬ƽǵĳ׵׵һ顣
Ա֮£ͨ⣬ķװ
жϲɥʬ, ԱݸһűĿġϢܵȼһϵϢ
дűϢҶǾͻʮӡҶдĿǰϣ֮̽ס
˵ЩֻǷһھͽܳǵİԵչֵ쾡¡
һںܼ򵥣ǳѪ
Ҷһ£ȴǰǸΪѪ͹Ա˼䣬ͱֱӶ˶ܳǣֻʵʵӡ
ڱĻأ˵ѪˣùֵѪҲûжԸȥ
˶ܳͱ˲ǷҪܳǣ̤ܳǵĵ̣ͱҪ׳
֮ܳϣ֮޼᲻ݵĶƣΪ⻹޼᲻ݵ
Ѫ󣬹ҶǾͱһʱס㡣
Աǣһºдıܱ׼Ƿܽϣ֮̽ףҪһµı֡
ҲǹҶΪʲôԸյԭ򣬷Ҳϣ֮ǣڶܳš
ΨһҵǣܳǵʱסһŻغöˣȵһŻظ߲ľסҲźˣںһŻô㡣
ܳǵġǱ֡ҲһŻôɣһµʱ䶼ܳǰŵװס
ǾҪܳǾŰʮŶѵѵһ֮ǾҪս
֪սʲô˼ȻԱѾˣǹҶǲҴ˵
ʱļţܳǸӦûܵɥʬȺˣǶܳǵĵ˾ʲô
Ӧò̫ѶԸȻʱɵĶӭսȥǶϣ֮ǾͲ̬ˡ˼֮ش
µĻشǻнܳǵ˶һŵǰ£һ㣬Ǿ͹Ҷд̽롣
ڶܳǣĬϣ֮˵߾ҪΪ˱ϣ֮ǶףǸǷʽܳǡ
ڶϣҶù;͸ϵѵء
֧һǶܳǵʽԱֻǺ¼ĳԱ
ý·˲٣ȻѾ˹ҶʵǹҶܱϾǸܣҪǶѲУΣջ̫
֧ĶӳǸˣǳƣֻ˵һ仰ҽзĬܸ˼ǣرǹС㡣
ǵģû뵽СܣǰǴæˡһӳ˵
⻰һԭĵĽһӾ;ҶֵҪǿ֣ΪʲôǹҶܡ
ܿ죬¾ͷֲˣǶܳǵĳԱԹҶһ̬ȣԱǶԽµ̬ȵЩ䵭ˡ
дܵȼʱֻдA˵AڶܳҲǸ߼ĵȼ
ѵʼ󣬽±˶ĵڶ㣬ıԵǷߣڶǽִ̿ߣԶ̹ߣҶȴڶģǸӳ
˶䱸һ΢ԽڹҶС
֧ã˹Сļ룬´ζսʱǿ϶ܹŻ
ǵģԭӳԵ֧̰˹С㣬϶ӳܵǸոպá
ϣβҪˡ
ԭ۷׷׵Ķ飬Ϊ䡰Ҫˡ̳Ĭˡ
֮󣬲˵ʶЩˡ
زЩܳǳԱ䣬һսƻЩµǽҪԵĵʲô
뿪֮֮󣬾ûܵɥʬȺǸеģ
֮棬Ѿʶǵĸ߼ɥʬʲôģ
ôЩصĵ˭Զ׼ˡ
ûܵɥʬȺһֿǣЩɥʬҲۼһ𣬿Ҳ齨˻ء
ڶѵ֤˽µĲ롣
ϼøǵ飬Ǹɥʬߵĸ߼ɥʬ֯൷ңҾͲˡӳĬ
ӳҲֲ˭Ǹ߼ɥʬ˭Ǹ֯࣬Ͳõˡ
ǰǻ絣һ£ɱĶѰǵɸ߼ɥʬɱˡ
İɣжӳǸһû˵ǡĶ鶼ͷڹ꣬ӳǸǹǡ
ĬѵÿһЦȺ쵰ǻսˣֻҶ
ֵѵŪ˷Ĭܡ
ĬǷܣԼһͷ֣ŷΧ󣬷½
ֻ͹Ҷ˵ķ֣ɥʬ߹͹ҶҲõΣա
Ҳȱݣ˲ܶйȻ˺ܶԱǶڸΪ֧̰
˹Ҷļ룬֧Ǳ˾Ŀ࿴
ǵսͺ͵ҶڳĬ֮һսʱõơ
Ϊ߼ɥʬڲͣ任ɹҶ˵ɥʬλã߽ʡڹ
ڽļУ˶ں͹Ҷĥϣȡ̵ʱڴĬ
²Ҫٺ͹Ҷĥϣдѵľں׻ϡ
Щʱ򣬽¶ÿЦһŻǰ罻鶼ǹҶģԼϲᣬ˹ҶĻЩͱĻ
һŻصʱ˦ɫһŻأΪǵС˼ͲòԼı䡣
ˣȥڵĲǹҶԼ
Щ˼Ҷϣһƽİ˱һᰮڵİ˺öˡԲںȾȾలһԡ
̽ԼҪϢ󣬽¾͵ϹҶԼѯʡˣҶѵʱֻһ˼һ˼һ档
²µǸ˳ɺ͸߼ɥʬйء
ôĲˣ
²Ϊᣬ֪Ҷᡣ
ڽ˵ȥ˼漰Ƶ⣬ֻȥԵ⡣
ϴ֮󣬹Ҷ˸ȻǳȻ§ס˽¡
ºƽ֪ڶܳҪС˵ĵطҶǲ׽ġ
ȾȾߺ󣬽Ҳ͹Ҷ׽Ρ
ȻҶ§סֻΪ˸˵
ЩԥҶ˵
ת汧סҶڴӣֻΪǶԷ
²ŹҶӣŹҶıǼ⣬˵㵣ǵĵȾȾˣ
Ҷ˻Ӧ
˶ĥ֮仹Ҫ˵쳣Ļ⣬ýҪϽ뿪ܳǡ
İɣҴˣεɥʬûпԡ
еɥʬ߶ɾϾలпԵĵһЩЩɥʬоԲҶҪԵĵˡ
֮ܳ²öԻֵһΪܲ˻֯ңΪҲ϶β֡
ûи߹Ҷεɥʬ߿һûпԵɥʬߣֻϣһڣҪһ
ǻô£Ҷʵ
ԴĩС֡֯޴ڡ
Ū֡֯Ǻûǻ֯ˣ֯ÿؽо
Ҷûף𰸾֮ǰǸʲôˡһûһµĴ𰸡
ĩ֮ǰܶ鶼ǷǺڼףο˶ĩ
Ҵˣల˵һȷʵǱϣ֮Ǻͼģû֪Ϊʲôᱻȥ
ֻ֪ΪʲôֶֻܳǺ͸߼ɥʬսĲһǸ߼ɥʬһ
ʵһ㣬־Ϳ϶ϣ֮ǡ
ѵֵĸ߲Ҳల𣿡
Ҷһ뵽ల¼Ҫǻֵĸ߲Ϊػأô絹ǿ⡣
Ӧòǡ
¾˵֡֯ĸ߲ܷల飬˵ǿల¼
ڰĴ̽У֪֡֯Ķల覴õɥʬߡ
ЩɥʬҪôڱصĹɥʬߣҪôΪ˶
ЩȥȻγɵɥʬȣల¼ԵЩˡ
ܳĴ󲿷ֳԱɥʬ߶Щìܣǿ˵ϣҪˡΪЩ˿ǵĶѣΪͬӢĶѡ
֪ȵζս󣬲ǶܳǺɥʬ֮սĿʼǡϵľսһǾϵľս
־ϵսãʹϵʹ࣬ҪѰöࡣ


65 
ϣ֮Ǽǧﴦ, һƳͣڿӿݵСϡ
бڳϣԶݰ׺̷
һûûҹظµ·ڿϵϣ֮Ǹˡ
̷ʵڳŲס, ڳϢʵ̫ˣҪϢ, ȥ
˵, ݰشתͷʲôպ, ͷһ𣿡
˾ˣ㲻뿴, Ӱ첻ɶ¡
յشݰһ
ҵĺ, ݰֺɸֵؿ̷
Ϳ⡣ܱȸų߶һֵ˺á
̷ҭݰ׾Ͳ͵ڿӰԼ, ֮ǰôûԼôԹԡ
֪û˻ϲԼѡΪֵơ
οǸ, ̷ҲǸˣԹֻԹ޳첻ݰס
ú, շǳȻռһ˯һ˯ݸ̷ǴһŻسüֻ˺ٵһ֡
û˯ɻᶳġ
̷ۿͰ͵ݰף˯ݸ
Թ޹Թޣݰ׶ģϾǷݰ׵Ҳʵʵġ
Ϊˡ֡֯һΰȵӣǵ˶Աѡ, ûһԸѡҪݰ׿ֵķѡҲܼڡ֡ȥҲܻڡ
ݰģмݰҲġ
̷뿪ȥϢѵû˵һ䣺ҲǸˣÿͬ鶼
㾿ôƭģ
Щദݰ׷̷ղǺϤ벻ô˵̷ġ
㲻˴ܰɣݰֻ뵽ԭ
Լǵġ
ôܣҵģʲôŸʲô
ݰ׿ˣ˵ǻִ˵û
Ҳ̷ڻﲻܻӭԭ򣬻ﶼǷӣһľͷ̫ˡ
ñ˼ݰף˵ҡ
һŻصĳԱִᷢʱİһˡ˳ϵϷʺͷ۵ð˵
ͬܡ
յ쳣ֻһᣬܿ
ЦŰݰ״˯˵Ҫ˯ջȥ˵᲻ջȥ
ղݰ˵Ͱ̷˻˵ݰ˯ջȥ
ݰվߵ԰ҲӲûзԡ
̷Һʵ¶ãܿͰݰ˻ȥ
ͷӲҪû£أ̷شȥĺ
۾ݰ׵˯ԣЦʵ˵Ҳҡ
ݰױ۾ûлش
ڶϣּ
һϵ飬շȻһЩǰŭ
ǵҪʲôݰʵ
д硣Ǿ仰
ݰײûʶǸд磬硣
ΪʲôԸңҿĲδ
ղ̷Ϊʲô
֪ݰ׺̷ǻֵˣֵʲôֻ֪֯֯ĹģͿˮƽǿһŻ첻ɥʬĻµġ
Ҳ˶Ƿӣ˶Լ硣
ڽļСʱ̷սһ¡֡֯ݰһԲ鲻Ըزš
֡֯ʼϣ֮ǵоԱģԱҲоĳԱ
֡֯ϣ֮Ǻͼ
֡֯оԱɢС͵Ļأٳǻء
ڡ֡֯оԱо˸ɥʬĸ߿ƼƷƾЩڸصķ϶֮ͬʱ˺ܶµĳԱ
Щ롰֡ĳԱͬǼԼܹԭӣʲô
ЩԱԼķڡ֡ѡߣɢڸؽл
ЩӿԼ˵ƭ˴ߡݰײ˵Ըǻٵġ̷ΪԱҪŻݰ׵ġ
ǿȥ㿿׶ˡ̷һ㶼ݰӡ
ǻֵΪʲôϣ֮ǣĻ㡣
˶֪˵֯һּƻ˵йءȺֻΪ֯Ӱ֯Ϣбϣ֮ݰ׻ش
磬ǲоܰɥʬɡҲ뵽㡣
ôܣ»֮֯ǰϣ֮ǷٴĴϣ֮Ҳȥġ
£̷Ͽݰ׵뷨֡֯о磬ôĩ̽ˡ
û˵ֻɥʬ࣬ôĩսˣܱԭ𣿲õµĻֻµһѪϴĿʼ


66 
´ġ֡صϢҲϢơ
Ҷͽһпһ֮, ˾˳˯С
⼸ѵǿ̫ûȫ¾裬յҲʹǿٽ硣
֪ԼԵɥʬ, ֵ֮󣬹ҶͶܳǳԱϸĬˡ
ѵ;Ϣʱ, ˻һ, Ҷ֪˺ܶЩԱ£СĸԱϲϴ·, ÿγսǼ·鶼֪
ЩܳǳԱϲɵǵ٩ǵĶӳ
Ĭȥɽһصӣ˵׷ѵܡ
ڵЦ, ҶżҲĵĹ¡
ٳԱǧ, żϣ֮ǣȴڿҪܳǵʱ, ɥʬϮ
Ϊϣ֮Ǹɥʬĵͼɥʬͬ, Ǳ˸ֲҲץˣδ
Ĭһ
˶֪, Ĭڱʱģϣ֮ǣҲֻΪӹøһЩ
Ҳڶܳǳߵ뷨Լһ㣬Ϊϣ֮ǵļ˹øһЩ
ϣ֮ԶᵣĶܳǵıѣΪڶܳǱѵ˲䣬ܳǾʧȥԴȪ޷۵еֽɡûмֵ
ѵʱգ۾͹ȥ
ϣҶͽ±϶ܳ׼İ, Ŵ󲿶һˡ
󲿶һǧˣۿȥ϶ʮꡣ
ҲǳʱҶڵֵ֧ܶȻͬ
ΪĬܣ֧ûбĶôأĶյͳ϶д顣
Щ¼ĳԱĿֻŲҶǶǼ¼Ļ˵Ц
ҶΪʲôԷĬĶڵ⣬ͷڹˡ
ǴеĿĵھܳǼʮɽ֮
˸ɥʬȺҪɥʬһСء
ܸо棬ڱĵطɥʬΧǣͱΧɥʬҶСغͽ·Լĸܡ
ĶԱ˹ҶȻشҪﶼ㣬Ҫ군ˡ
˳֧ĳ
Сʱ󣬹ҶǾ̤ս
һжѵѵΨһùҶ𾪵ǣΪʲôĬķֻô
Ҷע⵽Ĭѷּܳɲǣ˶ˢˢؿ˷֡
ҶڷĻҲһῴġ
Ϊʵ̫ˣںҹ֮У򿪾۹ƣһ˵ϣͲһȣţǲȺˡ
ҶԽԹˣڴƴƴʱһ̰ضžˣҪԴЧ±˿
ĬҲò˼ˣҶţ֮ǰΧʱ򣬷ûôģֻбө滹Ҫ΢ĵƹ⡣
ܿ죬˾͹˲ˡ
ΪսĿʼˡ
ϴһŻرΧǵʱ򣬹ҶûսУҲûиܵսУ˶ֻǸƼĸоҲûֱǳصѹ
Σʹŷ֣ɸܵսĿ¡
ⳡսһŻصǳҪ¡
ܳԵĶ̫˽ˣһʼͷųһͼɥʬ
Ҳ֪ôڶܳɨУҵͼɥʬġ
ҶԺиµĲ룬սʹ̰Ժ
ȺͼɥʬѾȫˣֻ©
ڳǰÿ֧鶼ְֺ𡣹Ҷ֧Ҫ߼ɥʬ
һؿ£ͷ
ҶŶԽѴǸԵɥʬķΧ
ȻŹҶϣǵѹ֮ǰ½Ųˡ
üΣʱ̣ǽڿ϶֮䣬ЩҪɥˡ
İ˺ǿڹҶߵķĬĿһ˵
Ҷͽ²ܻĹϵжѶ֪һԡ
ĬǰĽЩߣΪ㹻ػӣֱŪӡ
֮ǰôŬػĶԱҲ֤ԼҲмֵġ
ʱһһȥսսԽԽңȻʣµɥʬԽԽ٣ǹҶڵĴԽԽࡣ
ֱۡ
Ҷ˵󣬷žȻûаָʾж
Ǹɥʬʲô߼ɥʬҲûмϮţǰȥ
źֱۡ
ɥʬ˾źŵλãΪʲô߼ɥʬֱۡ
ǾźҲû֣һ߼ɥʬ֡
ҶΪ̫Զֻܿһһɥʬ㣬Ǹɥʬĳ࣬ЩԱ쳣
ɥʬһ͵˽µλãҶԶԶؿŽʶ趯ذףۿذ׾Ҫɥʬʱ¾ȻӲջֱۡ
Ҷ̫˽⽭ˣ¾Բʧ֪Ǹɥʬ϶⡣
ΪҶҪɥʬ㣬Ҳûעɥʬ
ȵʱȴɥʬԽԽˡ
Ƕÿһ˶ŹɥʬɥʬҲܺãʼǶ鸺Сս档
ֹ˼СʱɫѾˣԶ˹⣬ս
ڵƹ£Ҷͷķڲˡ
ǸСս϶ˡ
³ֽʣ¼ɥʬСսֻʣһɥʬ
ǸɥʬֱţĶԱ֮ת
ǸɥʬҲ֣ûκιԣֱֻţײϰŻת
ԽԽҶҲڿɥʬĳࡣ
ɥʬãüë۾ЦӦûһԾѡҶͷȥߵķ档
˶ĬӵƬ˶֪Ĭӳʲôӣüë۾ЦһԾѡ
ɥʬߵ˷ǰ岻ͣײڷϡ
ײһˤһΣǶײ˷֡
˿ײһһεڳ˵
˶֪ĬΪػӡ
Ҷ˷ֵһ
ֵĹâԽԽһײУǧƬЩƬڿɢ˵ǹصС
Ǹɥʬߵ˷ĬߣĿ⻹ǰţĽŲǰȥ
Ĭססɥʬչ˹
ĬѾκεֿͼؼʱ򣬻ǽ¾
ذڰУ˷ĬԶɨսע⵽ߵ׼
Ĭûѡˡ
Ǵ۵Ĺâһ𣬵ȵâȥʱ򣬷ĬѾӡ
ӾĻǰڷɥʬϮʱ
ζսȻȡ˾޴ʤǹҶ֧˶˳Ĭ֮С
ڽɢ֮ǰĬжԱлллǰѡĻύԼ
صʱס󣬹Ҷ̲ס˽һ⣺ǽ飬»ô
¶ûԥǰذ׷˹ҶǰشסصˣҪɱ㣬Ҿһ·ɱȥ
ҶѾɥʬˣ㻹ͻΪʲôҶеǰĽºǱĩС˵ĽغϣǱĩС˵ｭҲǲϧһУΪе̬ơ
ɥʬֲζԶɥʬԶɥʬҲϲô㡣˵ڳĬ֮вҶʱ򣬽ºڹҶǰˡرֹǿơ
ǼǵðҹϿ
ͽһ󣬹ҶһЩҲֻһЩ
ల֮ǵ鶼ѾǹȥʽЩ˶ܰЩ˵ڣҶֻܸܵЩµĳأֻһͨߣ޷Щ±ĳʹ
᲻ͣలЩ⣬ʼ޷һ϶Ĵ𰸡
γս֮ǰҲ֪˶սɥʬ񼫣ҲԸ⶯֡
ǵֱ˷Ĭʹ֮ʱЩⱳʲôʱЩûд𰸣ҲҪ𰸡
κεĴ𰸶ʹģֻܸսᡣ


67 
ΪһսҶǱַǳɫ, ԶܳһͼƵͨĻᡣ
뿪һŻ֮󣬹Ҷֻһ˻ĸ׶ݵͨ
ҶغԼϢ˼, Ųͨĸ׵ĵ绰
֪Ůúܽϣ֮ǣҶĸ׹֪˵˺üԵɷ
, ֪࿴Ů, ̲סʵôˣ
ΪĸףŮǳ, ֮ǰŮͨʱŮƺͨˣôֿǰˡ
֪ڹҶСʱ;С, СС;ǰ̾, Ҳֻиʱܿһ㡣
֪ԾҲʲôϿĸĸҲûѧϰ϶ԹҶ̫Ҫ, ɹҶѹܴӡ
С, Ǽ︽ѧУкܶСҶ档
֪ÿοŶҪЩСᣬ˽, Ҷκ˶Ǳϵ飬ȻҶԼҲûзһ㡣
мζҶȥҽˣҲҲҶȥɡ
ܸܲҽ˵Ůȥ飬ʵ䵭·ֻԹ߰ɡ
֪ĵһֱҶϸʱ
֪ǲڱ´ˣʱĹҶڲǰôˡ
֪֪˶˵Ǽǽá
кˣ£ҲŮ
ֻй֪֪, ԼС˼ģΪ²Ů
ûʲôڶܳǡҶĸ׽飬ǿĸ׹еϣ⼸µĵڻǱˡ
Ҷſǻི֪Щĸ֪顣
֪֮໹Щ죬ΪǰĹҶĵؿߡ
ҶһֱһŮ鿪ʣ´󷽣żҲһоǸһɴɴһƣǾһֱ
裬ҶôҶٴκޡ
ͱˡ֪లοٴκݺԵɷһѡ
Ҷĸͷ
ҶԼ޵̫ˣǾȥϴͷǰԭűǽĽ¡
ô֪ʵ
Ȼ͹˼ദôˣվǲôϰߡ
ڹ֪ܹգֻҪشͺá
һֻش֪Խһﵽ׷ʲôôµԸҲˡ
⺢ҲǴСġ
ΪǼѧ⺢ǰǲڣĩǵļϵˣûʴ
Ҷʱ򣬽˿λûҶ
ȵҵ绰Ҷʵôʲô
Ȼûһؼ䣬ǹҶ֪ĸͽµĹϵҽҲǵһθĸ绰
Ҳǽš
ʲô
ܸܲ߹Ҷɣ֮ǰ֪Ǵ绰ʱԾԼѹҶúܺãȻ˹ҶжҲΪ˹ҶãԴ绰ʱǳе
Լ⣬Թ֪ʱٻЩġ
ҶϢʱǻڸ·ϡ
ʱڵĽ·ȷʵ࣬ϵݰԽԽü̷ݰ׾ûкˡ
İɣȥģҪ֤һδ
̷ݰֱôֹռ˵ȥ
ھһʱ仹һʱڸϵ˶ܳǡ
Ǿ˺͹Ҷ̣ͬݰΪȥ̫ˣûкǰһ𣬶ֱȥ˶ܳҽԺ
ΪдһŻϣ֮ǲɹûбŽܳǷӡ
ȻҲҪԼ֧ڶܳķá
ڶ죬Լĵط˹Ҷǡ
ҪǳٵˣҾԲġһգذ׾ָ裬·һɲǣذ׾ͻᶴյ죬ٴΰǽϡ
˭¿˸ŵ̷ǵһŻ˿ȥԼ
ϡˣһŻɴû˲գԼ
̷һ£ͷϵ亹ͣסˣ񻹼ǵ콭µذԼϸһСڵĸо
ԼȻʵʻɱ˵Լ
һѾǵˣȻֻһˡջش
ϸض̷ͻȻԺгϤĴʹ֢ٴηԺ˺ܶ໭棬ÿһﶼ˽źµӡ
Դ뿪һŻغ󣬽µ֢ҲûзΪļѾ±ӡˣû뵽ûƬˡ
ô㾹Ȼӡ󣬿ǳ⡣
յĻشý¸ӾذѾյĲϡ
˵ɣô¡
Ϊ˸ô£ǵҵ˵ģַӡ˹Ҷļ䣬Ұ𣿡ֹؼʱ̣Ҳˡ
Ȼ̬ȣý¸Ӳ
ΪյĿŶǷأν²ûдҶ
Ǹˣ˵
ǸĻǸֻԴ򿪡ָһԵ̷
µذɻյĲϣǲذѷɫɨ̷ŵ̷ҡ
Ҫݰ׻һᳰЦ̷ô㵨ӶûУԼ硣
գպ̷ǵʱס㡣
סĵطɱǺöˡ̲סп
Ҳ͸߼ɥʬɱĻͿס»ػ
յûʲôӦߵ̷̲ס
̷ֻڿ֮ǵĲʹһɫͲˡ
̷ı仯ýЩģֵӵ˿ɱ˷Ķˡ


68 
ԭܳǰŸҶһ彡, ΪյԼƳ彡顣
һ磬ܳǵĹԱͰųҪȥ彡, ʱסضյģֻʣ¹Ҷһ
¶ջǲ, տҪ߽ʱ, סգ˵š
ν, ʱ㻹ҵġ
ҶļӡǿͨԶ⿪ģǽµļӡҪԽ⿪
վ͵ŽµʱŪ״һ⿪
, ʱҪýҲԱذ׶ǽϵζ
ȫû뵽Ϊ, µļӡѾɶͲؼƬȫˡ
ʶҪԼһ˽뷿, ̷ĽŶЩ, Ȼ½£ԹҶ
ˡſжҶԼ˳
뿪һŻغ, Ҷòûжı仯ֻǷɫЩˡʱϲԾϵЦԵ׺ᡣ
ոŽǽҶ˻֣Ҷ̳һ
ҶտʵʲôøС
̹Ȼؽ˹Ҷ̬ȣŹҶЦøˡ
ǹҶ̷Ͱ͵˵ţд˲š
ɵؿղ˵˼ҶļƬҲȷʵ˺͹ҶվһĻ档
Ҷɻؿ, ½͵˵ûʧȥļ䡣
˵ͬʱ³Ҷʹ˸ɫ
Ҷ˽µ˼²ˡ
ʲô֣Ҷ֪֣ܻһǱĩС˵ûдڸУԴж˵ĵϸ
˭֪Ѱ⣬̷ȴ·µһĽһʱûվסĹˣϥǻֱسŹҶ
ⳡýµذٴγյϡ
ιûƭǣһﲻ֮ǰҶŵѡˣᵽ̷ĵСˣֻһһ»ҽԺŵݰס
ŵҶ˼ظһ顣
̷ǰĹҶȵı飬ӲǰҶĹҶ
죬ǸҶûκα飬ɨԼûκܵģֻһִı䡣
Լ֮󣬾ô˵ͬһ仰ʲô֡
̷Ǹ֡佱Ƕ˿佱Ƕ֡
̷Ҳݰ׿֣Ǻ͹ҶͬҶֻΪֵ塣
ͬļ룬Σգͬ
̷֪˵ĲͬǱ־ƫģֻһŶڵˡ
ǵļƻҪд硣
̷֧ŵ棬ӵվŹҶٴλشͬ⣺ҽ̷
ҶǵǱĩС˵ûֲ֣֪˵ʲôֻ¶εЦݣ˵ͨõĻش𣺡Ǹ֡
ذ׶ŵ̷ƵĻشֹˣϵذ׾Ͳ֪ˡ
̷ûй򣬶ŬضŹҶشǰҲá
ˣڵĹҶĲһˡ
ҶԽ˺̷֣֪׷Ѱľ˵Ĵڡ
һ־󣬽ڰذ˻Ҳʱġ
ʲôıƣҲֳ־硣
Ҷһֱö·ϣԵóʱ̾˳
̷һº󣬶ŹҶ˵ȷʵö£ھҪˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ̷Ͱա̵֡֯Щشö¡
´ʱûʲôЧֻǻǼǻͼǱ׷ֿˣµĵײֻһֽ
ֽش⣬ʧȥļܻˡǿϷı鶼ڲסˡ
죬ԼǱҶŵˣھҪֵҶԼԼˡ
Ҷ˽£Ҫóֽһۣȴסˡ
ҿɲ֤㿴֮󣬻᲻ᷢʲô˵
Ȼ֪⻰а˳ɵĸںˣǽ»ǲùҶðա
˹ҶʾҶ򿪡
Ҷ˿̵Խ٣֮ǰһֱ֪ԼΪʲôʧȥ䣬ڻָĻǰ
ֻҪֽûؼ䣬ǲ֪ΪʲôܸоֽҪһصʵ
ĿڻѹЩɽص˿ҲŰš
󣬹Ҷַֽ
ֻֽһ⣺ǱĩС˵˭
һµĴ̳˹ҶԺ


69 
ֱ𰸵ɲ, Ҷ·𿴵ǦǧƵضѵڲͣռԺ
ЩǦֻ༷ѹţ̶ײǼѹĿռ䡣ǸԼŬԼ, ǦֵＳȡһ˿
ⱾĩС˵˭
ǡ
Ҷֽ
Ϊʲôûһ⡣
һ˴ԽµľᱧԹߡ
ûС
Ϊļ䱻ס, ǱʶҲǵԼס
ⱾĩС˵, дһ硣
ҶҲˣ±ƽɥʬȺһ쾿ʲô, ǰ̷ΪʲôôԼ
*
ĩٺͨһ졣
Ȼ˵ͨҲ˲˵ıϡ
ֻǱĩճѪɡҾ徵ӣһѾͨˡ
һ, Ҷվ̨, ԶĳĬ֮ǡ
֪˿̽Ѱʣɥʬ
һŻ֮ǰ, , ԼǽĬսһŻغԼ뿪һŻصĻԽԽˡ
ԸɽһŻ, ˵һŻصС
Ҷ֪ʲôҲŽ¡
ÿν±ֹʱŽ۵صĲΣ߽¡
ԸҪİȫռ
Ϊ㽭µʱ䲻ˡ
ΪѽƽɥʬȺûмˡ
ҶҲʲôʱʼʶⱾС˵ߣҲı䲻
һʼʱ
֪һоĸĸ, ı˺ܶżİ˵ˡ
ֱһŻأôŬҲûиıˡ
дŸలȴԷʹ
˺ܶܶ࣬ǱС˵յͼıԷˣûһ˵þȵġ
ĸԤ£ЩĽеĽֻҪ⡣
ΪߣʶȷʵܹӰ磬޷ǿн߰ԼʶŪ
С˵ÿһһߣЩ߻򽻴һһ𣬹һž
ԲŪߣƫԭˣǵ߻ھϡ
ǿľܵһʱ޷ӦվܲߣЩع飬ʱص˺Щƫ
ЩС˵յھϵûһӵù
Ҷܸ֮ıЩ·˵ˣΪЩ·˲ھϡûɵġ
ҪЩ˴ӾȳͲòжߣ
߸һ㣬ֱӸıһеԴͷŮµˡ
Ϊһо鶼ΧŮչ
׸ı˽µˣôߵľͻһо鶼᲻ڣ罫µĿʼ
Լıʧܺ󣬹Ҷܿ㡣ֻиı佭µˣܸı硣
ԥˡ
ΪֹҶ㳹׸ı˽µˡ
ǱС˵ͷǽ±ɥʬȺڻ
֮ǰЩС˵ﲢûἰ
鷢ʱ仹кþãҲ˵ڴ֮ǰ۽ʲô˱ı䣬Ҳ𵴣ΪС˵ﱾû֮ǰʱľ顣ûеľ飬Ȼ㲻ϸı䡣
Ҷԥԭܼ򵥣Ǿı֮󣬻ĻµǸҪ
µǸսͳһеĻءǿѹ֮£ȻǰӿϴŽһģǹ˱֮ǰȶĩڼѾܹĹâ
ı˽ºڻˣôпܻ⸱Ⱥ۷ģǻܾúܾá
ѵһҪδ
Ҷһֱ¶˾ģʱôһȥԭɥʬȺ¼кþãھɥʬȺ¼ֻʣ졣
ÿ춼վ̨ǰĬ֮ǣһųصκѹ
̨Ϸô㲻¸ðˣһţֿҶվ̨ǹ¼ŵıӰ
ÿؼҶܿͬľΪԼⲻùҶŵľٶùҶôܡ
ҪԼĿ־壬ȴڿʱͣ£޷ùҶȥðա
û£Ҳ䡣ҶϵãȻŬ΢Цôô硣
֮ǰȥĬִ֮񣬲賿ʱǲġ
Ĭ֮ǵãԵؾۼΪ˶ԱİȫԾûҹ½͵
µͣҶԼĵΣ˵Щʲô
κ˶Ĭ֮ô¡
ΪҪʼˣΪ̨Ĭ֮ǵɥʬȺھȻҪоۼ
Ȼ˽±ɥʬȺһ죬ֻɥʬʲôɥʬȺ
¾һŶҶʾҸ˻سʦرձͷ˵˵ڡ
SߣһŻҲÿ춼ܳġ
¸ջصؾ˵ϼӲͣʦձ
ͼҴҵظ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬲ֻʣһձˣSһΪձòɿ
̴ӲϳһűֽԽֵˣñֽձ˻
һ·󣬲ͷֵظ˹Ҳ׷
ҶŽµġӢ¼ŵ˵ɲ顣
ȷʵ񣬲Ȼôܴձ
S߾̫ŽǸαװˣŻһ㶼
¿Ҷ۵Ц⣬һֱܵĲ΢һ㣬ʵֻΪձֻҶġ
ǰǹҶԼԼģֻѧŹҶùҶġ
ԴԼѹҶСĿռҶͱһ㡣ȻҶڱԹǽܸܵҶܣǸĹҶǰǸɥʬǰܹĹҶѾþòˡ
ԼôĶ
Լձ˷һ֥ĹҶǶԵġ
ҶձȻȻذմյıֽչˡ
һŻص±ôһǺϲģرͷĻӰ㡣
Ҳ֪һŻصĸ˲ӰʦÿϵƬЦЦˡ
һŻصƻʽͼһԱ׷ƬƬȻԱǴģıӰǸԱʧ顣
±ؿܻչջسĻسԱӻԾμӡŻעһλŴߡ
Ҷ±ϵһϢʵЦݡ
ʱעŵĽ뿪ҶԣȥӳĬ֮ǴĶ
ڽ뿪󲻾ãҶ±һ棬һϢ
Ϣ׫д꾡ıʴдһ˼ҰüеǧҪȥһط
ǸطԽˮء
Խˮص쵼ΪȨΪȨ
Ҷ±ӰƮ䣬ȵ˻ſյůĵذϡ
Ǹձձθĵĸо˶ڷ
С˵˻ΪԽˮضǸıΪԽˮضĽֱ֣µĽֺõȥأ
ԽˮˣиԽˮء
С˵ֻһԽˮأǺڻĽ˸Խˮء
ûкڻµ磬ֻøĻرԽˮأֻúڰӡ
˿Ը
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֪ĿǣѽƽɥʬȺºڻɱ
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ڸϵĻûʧҶԵʮš
̫ԼڽķˣΪ̫ˣԵڵһ˵
ҶεؿЦһʼӽΪ˱ɥʬȺҪΪ޷ٶš
¶֮󣬹Ҷжǳˡ
ڶ̶̵һСʱ֮ڣҵԼҪҵˡ
˭ԼܻرµվؿǰŮˡ
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ߵ˹Ҷԣöĵ˵һҰɣ
̧ȥϷҶֵ̧һɲЩģϾǵһθֵϷŮ˵ĶΪ
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ҴС㣬ҪΣ֮һҪͦΪӢۣںʲô
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հĩǰЩ˦Ҳ׼µϷҶ֡
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ذǽҶģȻûܻûذ׷Ҳ
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ȷʵһ仰ΪĳΣֻʱذ׼ϵǸǽ¡
İˡ
¶ĵĹҶٴαԭǸɲһֻᰧԹشڷļһϵףҪµﶼѹƲסͰ׻ˡ
ղո֪Υ͸ҲǴΪʱҶԺѰհŵһ
ǱĩС˵ղʲôҪǡֻһŻغػߣںͽ¶Դʱǳɴط˵ֿΪµ£֮Ҳûг
ҶȻƵʱһʽʵʱ򣬲ûжī̫ࡣ
С˵ֻ˼仰ܷǳʺʱ򣬶Ҳڱ䶯̫ľߡ
ǽǸ˿ȸôʳ𣿻Ҫˣ
ϲھ˵ʹˣԽʹ࣬Խġ
СǸǽҪΪ˵Ŀֶţʹôŷ֣˵ʹŻġ
Ҷֻһûذ׵ָյ˿ڣϸ˵ǲǺʹ
ҪǴ˿˿ҶٵĹУΪܵ໥ϧ
֪ԼëȻĴ˼̬
ǹҶһ䣬˶
ǲǺܿģΪʹ㿪ġ˵˵öԲԣΣ
ҶϵЦݺ̵Цݿ԰ٷְغϣʵҶҲģЩٶԾԼԸ񻹲ݳֱ̬Ը񻹻پ
㾿˭ѾһŻعõԸڵǸΣ
ΣΣ壬㺦ˡ
ѾܾûΣ塱ˣĩٵ
룬һŻЩηЩһ벻Ǹ̬ȻôĹȥ
㾿˭ʵ
Կ϶Ѿû֪ȥˣΪЩȫˣĩٵǼ졣
ЩˣЩ׶ҪػˣЩЦЩˣЩˣȫˡ
״СͽԺ󳤴һҪˣӢۡΪףǾҪ㹻¸ңΪס
ΪǺ˻ġҪ죬ĸײˮһ˰ĸ״Ӽٵĺ˳ǸȴԶ˺
ºĸ׾һֱôҲһֱ
ǲ֪ǲΪǳˮһֱá
Ҫ˵ȥˣ˲ȥͲˡ
ΧС泰Цʲô˵ֻܱ͵͵ޡ
ر±ַ֣һ֣־Ҫûá
һֱʮ꣬ûгΪΪ׵ˣҲûгΪΪ׵ˡرˮһ㶼ˮ
ΨһŵžǳúãȻֿ̾
һеıʶʮ죬ͬ˹ȥѧУ
ѧģٷ֮ʮѧ
ֻ첻֪ʲôֻ߰˸ˣŮĸ
·ʱͻȻ˼꣬϶ǴƬﻹ̣໰
ѧһӾͼһ飬Щ꿴Ǻ۸Χȥ
еһŮҪſˡ
ڸʲôջǼǵø׵Ļȿʵ
ʲôһضŮ壬öĵ۹ɨɨȥ
м˹˶Ŀռ䱻ǼֻʣһС顣
Ŭվǰ棬ŮһƬյأ֪ո׵ĽھӦó֣Щ˴ȥ
ңֻԼ壬ŮΧһƬȫռ䡣
Щվ˼ɣֻȫ̶ѧûʲôӶĵľٶ
³վ˿ܲԼ·ˮʪˡ
ЩŮͬھӣл֮ؼҲ˵顣
ձΪ֪һţǸǵصáó˹ӿʼ
֮ǰںˮ˵ˮȥȡ
ˣ»𲻸Ұæ
ھͼƦå㶼ȥǣǸΪʲôҪ㣬Ҫǲ㣬ڽϣЩӾͲĵһ·
Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ΪʲôҪôģΪⱲӶһӢۡ
֮˳󲡣֮˴ѧ뿪˼Ҳûлȥ
ּ֮˺ܶκ˼Ϊÿʱ϶ð亹
ĩˡ
һʼӵܵģֻ֪صɥʬݵļʱؿӿϵıʹˡ
ȵʱǸСɥʬжΧߡЩɥʬźʴĵģΧ
οľǶûйλˡ
ͷǸɥʬֻĸףܱ֯ξĸɲܿһ䡣
ܴˣҲɲӢۡ
ⱲӶӢۡ
뿪ʱǿܻӰЩɥʬСﻬӭӢ۵Ϸ룬ûӢۡ
ǸСΣ˾ʧϣֻһûֵı̬ŪΪ֣ʹΪ֣ȥֻֻš
ŬûڹļйҶŹˡ
ҾǽµĽ˿ȸҶ仰˻ȥ
ղٺ֪ԼϸŮ̽ȥˣǰݿЦСҲû塣
㵽ʲôֱ˵ɡ
һæӡµļ͸顣Ҷͬʱ˿Դɥʬ¼
֪˹Ҷͼʮ
֮ǰҶûпҲϣ̫ϲˣȻҶûиôͼ϶ǸǳѪ֡
κ飬ʧ䳶ϹϵܹѪ
ʱջ֪һʧǾ͸Ѫ޹أǽã
Ҳһ͵Ϯзӡס£ͬȼߡԭΪҶҩý»˯ԼȥӡµļУû뵽ҶȻԼ͵Ϯ¡
ҶûڼҩĻʧȥĽ¾ͲȥĬ֮ˣļƻʧˡ
ڳĬ֮ҩŽµŮ⻷žãǲġ
ֻܱգ͵ϮзӡµļС
Եģ㡣
Ҷ仰뷭ۣŮ˵˭ԼԼܾѹסͬȼĽˡ
Ů˻˵Լ־֮ˡ
û뵽֮оȻ¶ࡣ
ڹҶ뿪Ϊ˹Ҷе׼˵Ҳ֣ԭҪķѴɥʬ¼Ȼһξͳɹˡ
ЦٴǸŮ˵ţ´ҪȻǸŮ˶˵仰ɡ
ȵ»ؼҵʱ򣬹ҶѾе鶼׵ˣ͵ŰϽˡ
¸ҶһЩϹ飬Ҷ˺ܶࡣ
¼ֲìЩﶼŽµΡ
죬һҪȥ˳Ĭ֮ǡ˵
һȥ
ҶؿŽµ۾ϣܵõԷ϶Ĵ𰸡
ԺܶҶվ̨Ϲ¼ŵıӰѡӦˡ
Ҷ˺ܶڳĬ֮ǵעȻɥʬȺɱصĹҶҪЩ
ǰĬ֮ǵת۾͵
糿Žȥϴʱ򣬹ҶóŵǶԽָ
Խָʱ˵ȵĩϣʱ顣
һ˳Ļô罫żȶĹתôĩϣͻ١
ȻܻزˣҲصԼ
ǳ𣿡ʲô֪ĽֻųĬ֮ķգ֪İǱž뷨
Ϊ˰ȫβûдԱ
һԻסҶ˶˷⡣
´ŹҶǰĬ֮ǵггⲻķ羰гĳùҶ·صĩǰʱгҲˡ
Ѿþû뿪һŻˣ컹һֱһŻصķչ
Ҳǣ͹ҶʱһŻһ϶ֻܵͨ磬Ͽյˡ
Ҳԭ
˿̵ĹҶͺһǶΪͬһ飬ŻԸ֪Ľ֡
Ǿϣֻϣ˼ģĿģҫ۵䱦
º͹Ҷ³̽ս״̬
þûлĹҶڳĬ֮ջ˾Υɡ
ҲѰʣ»û̫ĹҶռСʱʾҶ׼ȥˡ
Ҷһʱ䣬һ߰ѽȺԼõĵط
һĿյأܹһ۾ͿΧǿյԱȴһСԵĹľľ·һӡ
վͲ
һվյϣֻעԶΣգעԷǳʺ͵Ϯ
ȵͲסҪ߹Ҷʱ򣬹Ҷѿ˽µ˫֡
ǸҲܺȥˡ
ʵЩ׼ΪҶǲٱסˣɻʵΪʲô
ҶûлشóĽָ
ǶԽָµɫԽ侲ٴο˵Ѿˣ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷѽָϣһʱ˵ţǵģҰ㡣֮ǰԶһ𣬺òã
áȻоԣôܾİˡ
ڽ»شɲǣŵþǿܣŽ¡
µ̸ֳʹ飬֪ڽ빥ſյΧֻվǰĹҶ
Ҷɫƽŵ˫й¶ģҪԼͽµľ룬Ѿʹ
ĩҪ¡
߽£û˱ˣΪʲôҪ
ûʱʼͰ˽¡
ŮҪŮ
һ˹µʱһ˼įڵǰʱڱ¸˽һУҲһС
ֻдһ飬º˶ͬ
磬ŽһһɳڽµҵĹС
£Ҳ磬ҪеΡ
Ϊ紴ߵΡ
ŬԺĹʹһֹͣʱŲųصĽŲҶȥ
һ
ҶŽʹŬӣվ
˿̣Ĭ֮ǵϷ£ϸС˿Ʈ¡
ˮ䵽ҶϵĽָʱҲ֪ԼᣬΡ
ΪʲôŲ˹ҶԣѾʹൽֻ̱ڵϣȥץҶ½ǵûˡ
ŹҶ⻹һǶȿŹҶ
͹ҶĿʼǹҶ׷ÿǳùҶע͵͵ؿŹҶ
֪Ѿ΢˼£ҲûŹҶ
ѵÿҶŨܵĽëǾµߣôġ
㰮𣿡֪Լ쵲סԺĹˣþһ䡣
Ұ㣬ҵȻ㡣
ҶҲ֪յĹҪɹˣرԼİ⣬֪ǰĽٴ۾ʱɥʧ˱ﰮĻᡣ
²԰׵¶΢Цǲ֪׷ʲôֻҪҶͺá
Ը⿴ŹҶ뿪ǵȻǲܵġ
ڵõҶشͬʱµذѾΧǴԹľ
ټذӴŭʷٶиſ
һҵļ󣬽²԰׵¶˿ֲ΢Ц
ڶԷϮֹͣ󣬽û
֮ǰΪʹڲ֪Ѿҧ⣬ѪմȾ촽
һץסֱվĹҶѶԷ˵ϡŹҶԲùҶ뿪ġ
»ʱ򣬹Ҷû˽һѪζʱ򣬹ҶҲûȽ¸Ͷ롣
»û֣ذ׷ɱҪ군տһĻ˺ü䣺ƻģͲܹ졣㲻֪ģ˵ǵȻӮˣͲ˵ң


70 
⻰һ, ԭֻմһԴذף˿̵ĹҪմԴ
Ҷʱ䱾ͱѹѹܷ꣬ղŶԽµİֳԺһŻ硣
ͣǽµĶ, ŭػһ䣺˭ûãҪ, ĸԸؽܴ߰ɣ
ԭҶýĸԸܴ, ܿͷ뷨ýĸ, ɱ¡
ڣҲʵûа취ҽɡ
Ҫʲô
µɫӲ԰ת, еŭŹҶĽ
ҷӡļ͸, ذͣ
ۿŽһ㶼˼飬̳˹Ҷ
ΪʲôһѾ˺öΪʲô, ԭΪҶǲԼж, ڿûô򵥡
԰Ϊʲô˹Ҷ֮ڵõ˴ϢĻᡣ
Ҷϻش
Ѿѱռæ³һ, ˵ɣ֪Ϊʲôˡ
ҲԸ⣬߲ҡ
Ҷܿ϶һ㡣
ȷʵû˿Դ֪Լ˭ĹҶΪûκ˵ľȹҶҪߡ
պܹһŻش߹ҶֻΪǸʱĹҶѾӡ˼Լ˭
ҿɲšճŽ»ûзԣԹҶ˹
ֻǵľһӴҶԺʱ̱˻
ǿķʹյĴһƬհףյӳ޷ݵĿ־塣
ղľЩʵ
鵽µûκε, ûκιգֻв֪״ľߡ
޷޷źֻܸԼš
ڹҶĴϼӣŶ޷
ΪʱѾΪһ֡
Ҷľھ
㵽˭Ϊʲôһͨˣһӿ־лָʵ
ΪSߵպܵȼ;йϵġҶôӴľ;Բֻһͨˡ
ǰĹҶǸʲôܶûеͨˡ
ʶΪҶʲôӣԼܵȼ
²յڣŹҶһ͡
Ҷڽı£һȻԺЩˣǣӡļУȻɥʬȺɱҡ
ֻ֪ҶǰƻʱȽ»Ҫףʲôֵļƻ
û˵ŹҶ͡
ҶѴŽָֻ־˵ţΪ绹һԶĩϣ
±Ҷľٶ̼ˣҲ˵ҶڽָԼһѰ¹ҶϵĽָҲûһԣֻ˹ҶĶ
ɱ㣬ͻϣΪʲôҪ˵ôЦ顣
ҶִŵؿŽ£δǰŮ˵ΪҿǸϣδ
ҶЦ
ذ˲صµķŭذ׵ĺһذƺҪ˵ĹҶ
Ҷηƣµﶼ˽
Ҳ֪ôδԤ֪ܲţһŻصйѵ
侲˵֪ⷬһŻǰһS߾Ԥ֪ߣǸվҲûȫԤ֪δ
Ԥ֪ܡҶ̧Žµķ˿ֱ䣬СĸĸǱ찲עĸĸԼǩΪ㺦£һ˸ĸ⻷㽫Ҳ޷һС
²ҶΪʲô˵ЩЩڵûκιϵ
һΧ۵ȴ·ֿ˵Źþ˿̵ĹҶƺ͸ղŲһˡ
㱻ڵϷʱ㱻ڷзʱûԹ޹㰲Ըĸأʵֻһͨˣ𣿺ôɱ
£һһĩС˵ⱾС˵ߣдµļȴޱߵʹࡣվǰɱܰĿƣʹΪŮȨˡ
Ҷ˵һУӭӽµ䳰ȷӭӽµáӭӽµŭ
̫˽ǶԸĸԽµ˺ˣʹ³󣬽»ΪεǶԸĸجоѡ
ʱŽ£Ž£Ҫˣһжȥˣġ
ڵһͱĵ˺ۣ߽£ְһУýʹࡣ
Ҷô˿̵ԼдⱾС˵ʱ״̬زŽµǸĵļһ
Ķյͣһ䶼ûҲһ䶼Ұｭϵ˻ȥ˿̵Ľ´һŴ׵ߣüǵҶڱдӣǹҶ
ҰĽºԺǸûֽƬغˣЩ£ЩȻ
һ׹ͻȻӹҶǰŰ׹ŵĻйҶǰķ˿
ֻջذףûмذ׸µķ˿ȻЦˣЦݱ˹Ҷϵཬ
С׷ҺܣֺҺҿģҲдµľ飿һĩС˵дôճ߻ˮİɡ
Ҷһʱش𲻳ܿ췴ȷʵдµľ顣Ҹ磬ҪȥȥֺΪŮ㣬Ϊ˶ôɡ
Ҷ֪ⳡͽµսһԽ飬ļƻͲܿʼ
Ϊʲôֲֺˣɱ㣿
ûȨĽ²ǸûʧģŹҶĻ
Ϊ
Ҷ˵֮ǰ˵ɱ㣬ΪϣˣҪ˵ңɺ͸ղŵ˵Բϡ
Ҷȷʵûô˵ˣѡ˳Ͽң˵ţΪһʼֻԼΪ紴ߵΡ
Ҷһкгµԭ顢Ϊ˸ıŬЩܱԭֻҪĽ
£֪״̬ɱңҷӡļɱˡ
Ҷ֪ⷬܵòµͬû뵽»ôŭ֮ǰ⼤ŭµʱҪŭ
µ۾ŭȾ죬һֻֽץסҶ죬һָֻϾҪڹҶϡ
Ҷ̹Ȼ˫ƽ۾Ž£˿ηӭʹ
µ־һӡӡӣһЦİǹҶɰ𪣬ݺݷεǽµա
صԼϴһһ£ÿһµһµĻҪأûмºǾѪĭ
Ҷŵæץסµ֣ߺţˣڸʲô
ˣ˵ɱ֮ҾܰĿƣɱ֮һУĿ¡Ըдµľ飬ɱ֮ȥ磬Ϊסô˵ɱ֮㻹Ұһӡİˣ
ҶСֹһ䣺аעİˡ
±ÿ㻹Ǻϸߡ
˦Ҷ֣˵ҶˣҲܻᰴļƻȥҲǴֽϵĩС˵ҲǸԲ˵ߣİļƻҷӡסɱ㣬Ҳᰴվ鷢չ
ģô˶ôվ鷢չȥˡҶָ½˺ܶఴվ鷢չӡ
ûȥΪҶִһԵȥˣѾ˰ٷ֮ʮ
һһ䡰Ҳšòͣˣʾ⽭侲û˵Էʼ䡣
˵ĩС˵ݻⱾС˵ߣʲô֤ݣʵ˹ؼϡ
֮ǰһֱûлɹ⣬ΪҶдҲ಻ĻԣĩڹҶЩԭȿȥɺڿδ֪ΪŹҶ˵ġ
֮ǰְɣȻ֮ǰʶ㣬˵֪ĸ˭أҶ̱ɫ˵ĸǱĺ
ڹҶ˵仰վ˰ٷ֮ʮΪԼҲǱҵ֮Ǩʱ֪ġ
Ǹһֱѧϰĸײ
Ǹĸ׵ĺˡΪһͨļͥһУֲһ㶼֪飬Żճʱʱ̿
֪˺ܾãΪ˾Լ˶ҲǸеƷ£ЩһֱŵĺֲͬΪ޹ص˶Ըĳô궼ûлؼҵԭһؼң̲סȥ
ҶΪҲڻ˵һЩ֤飺ȻγɵʱҵʶѾ޷ǿӰ磬ڴʱҵʶӰ˺ܶϸڡҲЩжʱֵⷢġһЩ鳡棬С˵дЩĬҵգһŻоչ롣
Ҷ˵ԼգŬоչ룬Ȼ͹Ҷһ¡
ٳǻص¼ҲˣֻʱѾӡ˼䣬飬Űװ׵ôá
ճ˹Ҷ̸ȥȰ˵£ʵʵҲ㣬ӡ˼кҲѹҶ֡
û˵㻹Ƕǽͷݰ
лл佱ս˽µĿ佱
Ҷͻشһ⣬Ϊʲô˵
ΪʲôҶԺܶණûһͣģӦ磬ΪĴߣΡ
ΪҴ磬Ҫ
նش⣬ڳеԼְ𣬲ϧԼǶôеΪ
ֻ⣬ʳ𰸵Ľ¿ɲ⡣
µʧΣȻǲǸң𰸣¹Ҷˡ
ΪʲôǰûвҶĲͬҶԼ˵ǹҶŮԹҶҪֺ
ʻκˣΪʲôҪ磬ǵĻشǣҪػˣҪصǰƽҲôȥ
κ˵Ļش𶼴е¶ȣҶģΪҴ磬Ҫ
ԹҶ˵Ǳ¹Ҷ˶ʮ꣬ҶҲĴߣڡ
ԼǲǻҪˣΪҶڼƻʼǰǵú𣬹ҶͬС
ֻЩУվܽĴ¸߸ϵ̳ϾԼ
ҶļƻǷӡסҵļУȻɥʬȺûмеһڻɱ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷ
С˵ǸŮڶʹ½ɥʬȺģȷ㵽ʱͲ𣿡
³ŹҶ仰ϸ룬ּ˵Ҫƻľ鷢չڷӡҼеͬʱҲҪӡļС
ҷӡȫСһԵպ֪֮˵
÷ӡȫУӡ󲿷־ͺãҪӡⱾС˵ߣǼƻı
Ҷͬ飬ֻǲŽ¾ȻӦļƻղŻͬģ
ǲΪʲôͬ⣿¿˹ҶʣΪҿ϶·ӡȫУҲɱ㡣ǸʱҪһȥҪǱĩС˵ľ飬һ磬ǱС˵
Ҷ˺þüƻϸڡ
ֵļһҶͽ¶ôܣҶܵԲ£֪ܵƻ˵ĻҪùҶȥһ˿Ŀܡ
ļƻֻһ⣬ǾǼ罭ûɱҶôûطļ䡣
ǹҶǽ¶գǶտܱԷüƻŶԷϣķչ
˹ʶǾҲҪӡһеļ䡣
ԣڰǰǣʧôûذš
˺þöû
Ҫǻеĸ˾ͺˡƷ˷񶨵ֻôһ⡣
Ҷôһѣ˸ȷʵһ˿ԳеΣǸ֪ƻǻԴţһ¡
ǸԼѡȴԶѡıǱ
˿̱ҶǵǸԼĵϺһ֮Ͷš
֮Ѿ˺ܾˣһʼȰ֯Ȱݰ׵ļƻ
ƢٺãҲ⼤һ䣬ܲ˵˰ģһﲻ֪֯ͳ첻֪ʲôݰס
СʱǰһôʼɵģԼҲû
ڿյڵĹҶǣǳĬ֮ǵˣûע⵽ڵĵطʵ಻Զ
Ȼͨ˵뻹ǲԷĶԾǶ˵ȫͬˡ
ԴӹҶǿʼʼǵĶԻô̷Ķ߲š
ȻӦһ´ɡ̷ٷһǣٶȳȥ
֪˻Ϊ̷Լɥʬҧ˵ţƢܺãһôʲô
̷ܵƬյصʱ򣬹Ҷǻûдɹʶ
̷һпԼڸˣĲϾͶһǽµذףһյĵƬ
ڳĬ֮һȫһŻسԱ࣬Ҫؾ̷ֵ϶ˣοǵġ
ʲô֣ΨһûжĹҶ۾̷ʵ
̸۵̫ҪˣҪȷǲµҪ
ǱĩС˵յ̫ˣҶûиÿһ˶òԵòҲ޷жĸˡ
֮ǰ̷͵ʱ˹Ҷݣ֪ĴߣܹǴߡ
ÿһ롰֡֯ĳԱŷģǲϧһҪ硣̷ȻԱųСһֱԼһҲԵġ
ųСֻΪЩƻҪļƻЩ˿Цļƻ䲻ȥЭ
ҪЭļƻֻġ֡ƻûʸҪġ֡ƻΪǸƻҲ͵ġ
ҽ̷̷صŹҶУҲҪ֪ԼûĿܡ
ҶŬ˼˺ܾãʱÿһӣ̷ӵذ׺͵ƬҪһס
İˣǽ»գûһ˷ˮÿ˵ֶʵʵĺݣӿѪҺѾȾ̷졣
̷ǰ㲻֪ʹŹҶҪϿɣҪҪûмеĩȥϣ
ҶǸ˴𰸣ɵġ
仰µʱ̷н֧ţ̯ڵϡºֲ˵̷ϵĴѪ⣬ڶʲôҪĵط
ǵĶԻҶܿͷӦǵĶԻƾղ˵һ仰ֻΪǷɣ⸱ֵ״̬
ǵĶԻûǣھУֻҪܿһЩ飬ɵػȥǸ
˻Ǵͷβ֡
̷ѪҺɥʬ֮ǰԵذһ˿ڣشȷʵǵĶԻҲ֪ǵļƻǲҪĸҾҺܺʡ
֮ǰزʶƫκһֻҪ硣
̷Ҷһ̡
ùҶд»ָ⣬Ž̷ֻܴ򿪵ĻٰԼֱӡº͹Ҷļ͸飬ͬʱӡڳ˹ڽļ䡣
ֻҪһ̷ٴ̷ͻڴߵ£˵յʵΣ˵ͬʱպ̷ͻûؽļ䡣
ҶûǾȥҶϵǸ£Ҷµͬʱûеļ͸顣֮ùҶ˵⿪·ӡ룬հæָµļС
ҶˣҲû֪·ӡʲôôҲ޷ָµļС
Ҷýһָ䣬Ϊ˷ֹһ죬ɽµļ
ƻǳðգÿһ趼ûκεıѡ߶Ա˴ҲûжΣƻͨˡ
ΪʲôҪ棿ڼƻʼǰ˶̷
Ϊ֪һƻûʸȥ롣Сˣô֤СƻܾͳɹˣҲҪִǸƻСûҪǸƻҪСİæ
̷Ľ˵˹Ҷû˵ºա
һµķӦǣǴǸƻļҲӡˣٴʱļܽ⡣
ĸ˶ԷӡԼҪļΪ˴εĳ룬Ϊƻȥ֤ͨ
շӡ˴Ĺȥ̷ӡ֧ȥƻҶӡΪĩС˵ߵִ·ӡܹİ顣
ʽʼӡ֮ǰ̷һЩ飬ݰǸЦɥʬѪҺܵļƻ
ЩɥʬѪҺܽ˹Ҷǵͨݰ׵ϵʽ
˾ܾ˺Ǻػ˲̣ԼܻصȥǷִBƻ
ã֪ˣ֯Ǳܹٸһ֧SɥʬѪҺܺһ֧AɥʬѪҺ֮ǰһ⣬֧ɥʬѪҺܶʧˣҲˡ
Ǻ¼Ƭ龰ֻΪӽǵ󵼣Ϊ͵
̷ݰ׵֮ٴ˼ƻϸڡ
ϸڵ;ҶȻûи߹յƷŹҶעʱ͵͵һӣ׼¼½췢顣
ȻһСȻҶͽ·ˡ
ĸ˴һ£޸ձϵļ¼
¼ĳɹҶɥʬ¼⣬Ҫʧȥĩм䡣Ϊ޷ԼԼ˺͹ҶĲּ䣬ȻҲ˹ؼʼϼԼ·ڴԼǰǸһļһ
¼٣ҪΪµһ仰µģҪɥʬȺûɱ㣬ǰȻػغͺֵˡûҵıûĩļ䣬׷⡣ҪΪûüȵ̷ǽ⿪ˣǲŽһա
ô¼ĹҶҲǸϲˣ̷ʵ
벻Ϊʲô޸ĳΪԼҶɥʬȺĽ¾ͻ᲻ǰӵرҶ
²ûлش̫˽ԼˣһܻԼҽڵˡֻҪܰѹҶߣһʧȥˣǸ뺦ԼĹҶһĽھ͹ˡ
Ҳ֤һ㣬ΪµⱾӣ¸Լҵ˿ԽܵĽڣǰѹҶߡ
ڷȷ˼ƻϸ֮յĴĿʼˡ
ӡǼлҪµ顣
ΪҪӡĹҶܸܵΪЩɫĻһһһرɺڰףм̵Ļ涼ʧ
̫̫ĽˣЩЦڿ󶼱Įӡ
Ҷ۾𽥱ͨ죬ƲסˣýֱɱǷӡЩ
ҶңƻһԵġս˹Ҷ֡
ԣƻһԵģ̫̼ˣԭļƻҪ̼Һþûô̼ˡģҵܾԿף˶˳ƻġ˷ܵ˵š
Сʱĸ˼ƻеķӡ
ˣҲ˽飬Ҳ޷ȥȷķӡ״
ΪԼֻĬ֮Ƿɥʬ¼ģٴοֵڳĬ֮ڡ
Ѫ֪Լʲô̷һڴֿڴĻºɥʬѪҺܾȻˣҴҵӳĬ֮ݰ׻㱨
һɥʬȺľۼأ§˻ŵĹҶԺŹҶƽɥʬȺļ䡣
ֻҪ¹Ҷ뿪ɥʬȺǲԸ֡
¹ҶҲԲùҶǰġ
úվڸߴ˷ԡѪսĽ£ҵһʵĶѡ
ҶͽµⳡͰĶԶģվǽʤˡ
Ϊ紴ߵĹҶվС磬վǵ͹Ƕ԰顢ϣļ֡
վֻȺȣŬǷܽŽһǲǾūס
˯ŵ紴߹ҶһУٴԼݣֻһͨĹҶһС
*
Ҷûȫ˲䣬þǸСںľһ˿վƴƿΧǦ֡
ЩǦȫʧʱֽҳڰзڣת˲֮ȫȼջΪҽ
²֪ҶЩ仯ֻҶ¶ֵɫ
ȥùҶȴҶסˡ
¿һҶ¶õЦݣ߻ݴʣĵЦݡ
Խ浽쾿ʲôҶѵʲôԲԼ顣
һԼݣ¼ٳǻ¼֮¼ܳ¼ĹҶͲǸִֵؾֻҪվܿϣĹҶ
࣬Ľֿк֣ܶΪʲôҪִǸĽ֣Щ˿ͨԼŬȥϣ
ϣҪķѺܶܶ꣬ҲܱȰϣھĺá
ȥ˵Ҫ磬ʵϵκһˣҲŽ¡ֻԼԼµ硣
ڵ˵磬һ˵硣
ı磬ֻýʹࡣ
˽µǸҪĴʲô
Ҫ磬ΪҪͽҸȥҪĸĸشǰȵҪһŻصǲٵ£ҪɥʬǶ࡭
Ҫ̫̫࣬ԲΪĴߣΪ޷ѵĳʹѹ
ȥΪǱʶдµľ飬ֻԼȥºڻ翴ϣԲŻһֱûܡ
ΪûܣľǿԼSܣǱʶĲѹһзչĿԡ
ܿԷøжȵܣΪʲô֪ϣҪ֪¶Լøжȵ뷨ѹǱʶﲻе뷨żܡ
ǿϹŴ书֣Ҳյֵ֮ͬ
յǴԼģҶʵҲࡣ
ýܽжͬʱǱʶﻹžҪɥʬȺ¼ڴ֮ǰԲ뷨֡
ȻַֻˤαףԲڵЧֱϻǹ鹦Ҵߡ
ڻڳĬ֮˯ˣֵ֪඼ԴߣҲ˼Լûȱһ书ˡ


71 
ڹҶ, 䣬һץסһԵգ˵ڿ԰ҵļӡҲ⿪ˡ
ѵгϢһЩ
ڽµв֮, ҡ˵ţô˸ɻҲҪ͡ϸ
ƳǱʱ, ̰ѡˡϸ
ļӡɡ˵̷Ҳǻ˵
̷Դġ֡ƻʲô, ͺ޲ùҶǼƻ
֮ǰΪݰڣһֱû֡ƻ顣
, ̷һ̶Ȳˡ
˭Ӳڽ»ûͳذף֮ǰ, ǾԲѽµļӡġ
˸ɻ, ҪȡٴοˣεΪµذ׼, ˹Ҷ˵˽¼ӡ, ȻµļӡԶˡ
ӡµļʱ趨ҪҶ룬Ĳ, һܽ⿪µļӡ
ڣòֺܹһأô趨ʧЧˣ
ʵΪ֮ǰѾѷӡɶòˣֻҪһƣӡͺȻҲòԿˡ
ڻָĽҲ˲Ϻռƽϡ
Ӧȥƽϵ˾ǰ۾գͣԼץýĹҶ
Ҷ˵Ǹӡס˽µֻ֣½Ҫߡ
ڲֵĽûöͷȥŹҶ󱿵˶ͷŶͷ, ·ҪŽԺǧΡ
µʱƬʱƻʵ̫ˣôһ̶ҡˣԹҶİȲԼôɱԼİˡ
ʱıҶƵ˾·
͹Ҷһô꣬ȹҶԼ˽Ҷͱľǿ
͹Ҷûдһ£Ҷܻᱳڳʲôƻǻһƻһ
ɽˮ·һ壬ڻǼ
š˵һ룬öͷݺײŹҶڹҶİƤºӡ
ҶʲôҶŽԶЭ
ʱЩÿһοȥǹҶ䣬ʵȴǽЭ
ʱһٲľ룬ÿһζǹҶֻ̧˽ţʣµһٲǽŹֱ߹ȥġ
ŻڣҲû͹Ҷƽļƻֻһ䣺ˣ
ˡҶͷˣҲĲˡ
ļƻȻû磬Ҳı˺ܶ࣬Ȱڵڸĵദʱȱݡ
ڹҶͽ´󣬾õŵ̷ڰһֱŵġ֡ƻ̡
ڳĬ֮ǵ죬̷ֻǼԵؽһġ֡ƻΪ˸õؼƻ֪֡ƻȥ˵һ顣
Ҽ֯İҵһθݰȥ֯ڲء
*
Ϊһ֯֡֯ĳԱٶԶԶϲϳԱٶȣԲʱһʼֻڡ֡֯Χӵ̷ͽ֯ڲҿԳƵʸĳԱˡ
̷ʽΪ֡֯ڲԱ죬ڵһˡ֡֯Ļء
֡֯ڶܳǺϣ֮мȺɽ֮У̫ĿҲ̫Σϣֻ֮Ҫľҵĵط
һص̷ˣ˵֡֯Ǳϣ֮ȥģôôֵء
һøңڲкܶ壬ҪκһȵĻᶼûС̷ص쵼ݰס
˵ʵһʼ̷ǲݰһģ쵼Ҫʵûа취ֻܸݰס
̷һʱ󣬷ݰ˳˵߶߶ģҲˡ
Ҳˣȥ飬ϾǸܣɲʲôó
ݰ׵Ĵ·У̷ʶһһʵңҲһһ¿ƼƷЩƷѾҪԽĩǰˮƽˣɥʬĻֻеͨƷ
̷ʶЩϧʵƷ̲סʳڻǰǸʣϣ֮ô±ϣ֮һ𣿡
ݰػش𣺡ͷİɣǳȫغϣ֮ǴЭ飬ڻطΧڶ֡Ȼ˻أЭͲЧˡ
ҪǵСڻֻҪܵ˵۹⡣ݰ̫˽Լµĵˣֶ˵һ䡣
ݰ׵仰̷һֶûз
ĺݰףǵСֻǲ˷ûļƻϣرݰǸԤ֪δƻ
һϿɵļƻһԸ׳Լ̷Ĭš
ݰ״̷ιغ󣬾ͰؽһϢ̷ûл֮ǰԲϢҵĴš
ݰ뿪̷̽ԵϢҵĴţȻûƿݰߵʱӦǰѴҲˡ
ж಻ҡ̷֪ݰ׵ĺ⣬ǲܽɷ쵼ĺ⡣
ϷĻԭеľɽɻزͬ֡ȫ½ġ
̷ڵϢǽһƬѩףֻһŴһӣϢؾͽûκ
̷Ьӱ۾ӲĴϣֻñѵûţôҲ˯š
ݰ뿪˺ܾöûл̷ؾϢשȤˣĵԼܣܲʲô
һںӵԺͷǣֻѡȡķԼܡ
ǸһʼֻнŲԹܵײżм̷רҵ
ʵҡ̷ô²š
ݰ֮ǰĽУ֡صʵڻܵĵطݰ׶֪
ʵڽ롰֡غ̷Ժﻹ̲סðһ뷨ǾǳһЩ߼ɥʬ֡ƺѾ߱󲿷ֵͼɥʬΪʲôطôң
̷ҲǴѵϷһ·ģʶҲϷĲҾ硣
һЩʱỳɱǲǱģһֱȥ֧ԮϷ
ڵѾȵöˣֻŬΪؽͣҲԼѴ
ŽɹˡһԵ
֪ʲôʱͶʹãô磬ȴҪؿȥһ˵
Ҳûа취ܲǾһˣֺһ˰ɡ
Ƽз֪ʲôʱз߻
̷ɹʱ򼤶Ӵˤȥɵȵȥֿʼ˶伫ˡ
ϸϸ˺üǽɹӣвʵҳԱ˵ЩһСʱ̷ܽࡣ
ڡ֡֯ûбϣ֮ʱǾ硣ȻЧǺȶǾʵ飬ȷʵǿѾɥʬָԡ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣϣ֮ǲ֧ǶͶ磬ڰºûκιͨ£ͷϣ֮ʵңеϡ
ֹ˰ºʵҵĸ߲ϣ֮Ǳͻʵҵĸ߲㱻ϣ֮ǣЩͨʵҳԱܼϣ֮
ֻǵϴݻ¼Ѿɥʧ˶ϣ֮ǵΣǴ󲿷˶ʵҵĸ߲뿪ˡ
ʵҸ߲Ĵ£ǺܿƳһ磬ȳãɥʬָеǣΪɥʬʱӵеܣĿǰΨһĸǻɥʧ䡣
Ƕǳ⣬ʵҸ߲ȴҪǼĽ
߲ϣ¸Ľʹעʧȥܣɥʧʱļ䡣
ʵҵĳԱǵһ¸Ľ绹ԭҪ
ɻ󲻽ʱʵҸ߲óһ磬ǸС֡һš
쳣𾪵磬ǸΪʲôϣĩǲǾй¶µġ
ΪС֡һŵþǰ˱ɥʬߡ
оġʵҵ쵼һ仰˻ĵĲ롣
ԲʵѧǸʵҵľ֧ʵҾԵ쵼
ΪʲôҪо۷׷ס
Ϊϣ֮ǲͶ硣
𵱳ϣ֮Щ˵磬;úΣǳûа취κ˵ĶԴ
һʼΪ粻ȶûģŴʵȥۡ
ǵһЩ˲ڻµǱ̨ʡ
Щ˲ɥʬ࣬ûκһ˳еʮΡ
ǿսɥʬĩգƽ磬ֻῪµĩգǾǵɱЩɥʬࡣ
ɥʬﶼմϹѪҺ϶ɱ񣬼ʹʱѾʧȥǡ
ɥʬע磬ָǣǸôˡԼµ
ʹܹԼĽᣬôûбɥʬôЩ᲻ܹԭ
ЩĻܺȺƽ͵ؼȥսɣսĩһ¡
ЩЩ˵ڵǱ̨ʣûȥеΡ
оµȶ磬Ͷŵ顣仰ա
Ǳ̨ʵѾٶϣ֮Ǳϣˣ֪оȶ磬ϣ֮ҲͶŵġ
ϣֻ֮ҳΣΪĩմģǳܲסҲֻǲɿǵľ޹ء
ͶͲͬˣǺڼʮս׷ɣֳӪɱʱᱻ
԰ԼʵһһҹȻټʵҵļԱ뷨
Ҫоɥʬߵ硣ǽԼ뷨
ĩٳڵʱ½ת˲ٵĵͼɥʬ
ڣûд½ͼɥʬûдӣ½ơ
ߵȼߵǲӣԶߵȼɥʬ
ĿǰϷأɥʬнϴвɥʬ֮սѾﵽƽ⡣
ȥֻҪٹʮ꣬սͻԶɥʬսĩճᱻսᡣ
ϣ֮ΪʲôԸȥԭΪĩնսᡣʹЩɥʬ඼᳹ʲôϵ
ΪˣǲûбҪͶӷա
УѾĬЩɥʬ಻ˡ
ЩоԱģо磬Ϊ˾ȻЩɥʬļѣǾԲ׷ǵġ
ϣ֮ǵĵЩĩսԶɥʬһǰ¡
ֻѹʵǰ£ӡսŻᷢ
˫ʵôսͺѷ˶ϧ֮׵ӻǴڣܹάֱĺƽ
ԵҪɥʬⷽʵͱҪ㹻ĵͼɥʬģͶŵʱ򣬵̫ͼɥʬֻᵼصĴѹ
Ϊʵ룬Ψһһ취ÿɿ߱ɥʬߣסɥʬЩɥʬֻȻŵģͶŵһ졣
ټļĳԱ޳뷨Щ˾Ȼʮھоˡ֡һ硣
֮԰֡һţϣЩעߣʼĻһܹȫɥʬͬǡ
ֻǿϧ͵͵ϣ֮Ǹ߼עʱ򣬾ͱϣ֮Ƿˡ
ڱŭ֮£ϣ֮⼸ʵҵĸ߲㣬ͼһܾЩٴνľ档
ϣ֮ҲûиϾɱǺǺ֡֯͡ڻطΧڵİȫЭ顣ϣ֮Ҳ뿴ƻ᲻ĺƽɡ
֮һоɹ˵Щ£Ϊɥʬƻ
뿪ϣ֮ǺǼĳԱͷɢ˸أһŻءٳǻصȸأЩԱҲͶ˺ü֡һ硣
Щע䡰֡һ߶ѡƷоѡ־ᶨࡣеĴ󲿷ֶͦע䣬ɥʬߣ֮ΪȴĲһ
Щ˽ʧɥʬһЩûпƺµɥʬѪαƷ衣
־ᶨʧ־ᶨΣһһһһһ㣬˦Щߵϡ
ԷƻٳǻصһšٳǻǺͻֻϵܵһأһ֧һ绹ٳǻġȾȾʹõһôġ
Ͻల顣
ҪģЩӣȴ룬Ǻϣ֮ǵʲôǾܾΣȴǰζЩӵг֮ĵߣʧȥǳеʹࡣٳǻоЩ˶ɻԼעһţԺҲϵˡףá
ٳǻؾֻôԶżĵʱలٳǻصѾˣҲҲûϵٳǻء
˵ЩʵЩͨѧееĳ˼еͷʳһ䣺ôµļƻʲôʲôǶ֧ġ
µļƻܼ򵥣ϣоҪע䣬ֻҪƤһӴʧЧ磬ɥʬڱһʹɥʬָǹܵǰ£ɥʬӴ󣬶ʧȥܺʹ󲿷ּ䡣
ԶоߵҪΪ˼֮ǰߣµ
ԶԿƼзҪϣߵɥʬ¶쳡ء
ڸ߿зÿһȺϣôɥʬߡȵЧѹɥʬһֱͻһɥʧ˴󲿷ּҲ޷ж˭ɥʬ
Щ֯ͣصˣΪǰ˴ݻٸصĵǼϵͳе˿ڵǼǼ¼
Щ˾ﻳɣûеǼǼ¼ûһ˿԰ٷְԼһֱ࣬ôɵ˾Ͳѡ񿪿ڡ
Ǳһֵ˳ٻ֯Ե׶һЩСػ߲ˡ粿ҲԽԽӽ룬̷磬Ѿʵйˡ
ĿǰΨһסľǴƼзûзԴ߿Ĵо˺ܶྫߣֻоСΧĴֻضܸǣḲȫˡ
ҲΪʲô̷лĻּƻԭΪֱƳɹĽ죬ûȡͻơ
̷Լ͵𺳵ȫǺ־ϲȻҲֻּ֧ƻģҲϣܹټıɥʬļˡ
ݰ׻ʱ򣬿̷һǺɫ׵ģΪԼȥǰûţ̷ʲôطһ̷ͣ˵Լȵģһӻ
˵ĩԺʲôӵģ̷ƽʱݰ׵Ԥ֪ô𺳵ļƻͨݰΪƻġ
ҲǺ˵ˣĩΪ硣
̷ûݰڻ˵ˡ
ݰֻϢҴһ뿪ˡ
ļ죬̷һ߿ԼܣһȥιۿƼз
;ԱܵʵҲ̷ͬȨ޿ȥƼзȡƷġ
һ̷ڴ˽˿Ƽзˡ
ǵĴǼܹĩĴϵģĻزǴִѧϡ
ִѧĻϣʵʵоʮ͹ȥˣȻϣ֮ǵĽ֣Ҳòˡ
ǻ˽ݾ
˽ݾ֮ǾһѣҪܶľߣ»еľ߶ԸҪľߵȱڻǺܴ
ϸպһߣľǿޱ޼ʡ
Ƽзøɻ漣֣ͼĽϣܹԾ
֪ЩЩ̷һֱѰҾǿߡ
Ҳݰ׿лϣǼŷľȷʵǿ󣬵Ҳûǿޱ޼ʵĵز
ֻû뵽ݰ״ߴ£һεȥĬ֮ʱȻ࣬Ȼҵ˷Ҫľߡ
*
̷ȥҶһֻలЩ⡣
ʲôࣿ
մȾѪҺָֻǵĸ߼ɥʬ𣿡
లǸʱѾ֪˻֯ļƻԲŻ̲סЩ⡣
ҲٳǻϷ飬Ǹʱע䡰֡һŵٳǻо߲ڼ˵Ļ
˵һе̷Сع۲ŹҶɫ¹Ҷ¶ͬ飬ΨһΪ֡ƻˡ
С㣬Ըȥֻزιһ𣿡̷ʵ
ҶûشվͿˣô£ͲȥιۣһƻҪأҲǸӵдܵSߡ
̷ԸȻû˵Sһ񶼳䲻ĳ˵ʣλȻҲҪһġ
ʵ̷Ȱ˵ҶҲȥԵģϾΪҵ磬֮ǰǸµļƻԸⳢԣοƻͲһˡ
ʲôʱҶʵ
ǡ
ӹȥˣ̷һֱ֧֧ᣬû˵°䡣
Ҷؿ̷εı顣
Ҫݰһ£ûȨȥֻء
Ϊ⣡
һʱ䣬ճЦݳ䣬̷εҸطȥһƻ˵ģȻȫԼֻǸ͵ƻûȨ޵ıԵԱ


72 
̷֪ôݰ׽͵, 󣬹ҶǾõˡ֡ص֤ͨ
֮ǰĻһ֤ͨϹȻֻǸǻˮεͼ
ϣˮ, һֱɥʬһԵԱ̷ڱ΢˵ҲпԢŵĻһ, Ҫڰ, ֶĹס
Ҷˣ̷ʵʵıԵԱ, ȻҲ֯ҪͼԢⶼ֪
ˡ̷ͣ˽Ų
Ҷ̧ͷǰĽȻٳǻصоһǽϻǸͬͼ, ֻεͼһǺɫ, һɫǰǴ׵ġ
˵ɫ֯ԱѪҺ, ɫ֯Աᡣ̷ڽ˵
㻹Ǳ, ΪεİҲŵĵΡش̷
̷ȻˣΪյĴ, ΪҪȥˡ
شŴ򿪵˲䣬һ
ԽߵԽ䣬ڲԱûмǡڲһƬž˽Ųͺ˵
Ҷŵ̷˵ǣطʱ̷͵ĵط˵͵ؼϢˣһЩɢϢ̷ܰɵ
̷ôŹҶߵش, ͣ˽ŲŻڲĽӴԱ
ܴ֮Ҷǽ룬Ϊݰ׸ظ߲㷢һϢ˵ݰͨԤ֪ܣ˶ԡ֡֯档
ݰһʼǲϷģ̷˵ţܿ˶Ի֯û档
ڲϣһܴߵݰ˵ˣ״ܣԼɡ˵ˣǿʲôʱѣܰԼߡ
̷һݰ׻ǷһϢ
Ȼ̷Уݰ׺ܲףڡ֡֯ݰ׵ܻвοֵġ
յϢûãǾͨݰ׵룬ͬùҶ˽زιۣȻι۷ΧֻڻΧ
ΪӴԱһֱûг֣ҶǾڻصɳ۲·ÿһˡ
ڻعԱͳһʽͬɫķװװϻǸˮεͼ
̷ĽܣŰɫʵԱɫǿƼзԱ
ǺɫǺ̷ΧԱ
ǻɫʲôҶƳԶǸϵ·ĻɫܲǺɫϴɫ˰ɣ
Ǳߡ̷ᣬᵽӽ첻˶١
֡֯ȫƵ֯ΪʵǵļƻҲ˺ܶ಻ʵ飬߾ǡ֡֯ĺڰ档
͹ҶӴ̷Ǵ˽˹ҶԸ֪λĴȻȫķǺڼףҲܹܽϸؽͱߵ顣
Ҷ׷ʡߡʲôǸŻɫ·Ѿ߹˹Ҷǰ
Ҷֻɨ˵Ĳվ
ס˵ȥ·
ؿ֮ͣʵ£
˵ĳͨ㲻ӢҲ㲻ϳªȺˮεν˴󺣡
ڹҶͬʱҲס˵·ղ֪ôҲЦеܵ˶ԷҲ࣬ԭɳԵ̷һʱ˱Χ˸š
ߵʲôҶº͵ıѲȡ֮ŭɱ⡣
ߡЦһ̷ȻشʲôǱԼѣԼҪˣΪ˻֣ĺܶ˶
Ҷ̷͡
̷εصͷŬؽţ˶㿴ﻹаɫɫͺɫװġ
˺׼ͻưΧȴֱҶˡ
Ҷ˵ˣĺܶ˶˵Щŭ
Ҳûкܶˡ̷˵ҲٵģΪɥʬ߼ƻĸЩ˶ɥʬòˡ
ٳǻоĸ߲ҲǱߣҲᴩϻɫ·
ΪǾʲôվǱల
Ҳôֻס㡣Ҷ˵
ǰͨͨɲͨΪǵ˵ǸһŻسԱ
˵󣬸˵Ǹ˳úͨҲһϳ֪һϳġ
˭ʵ
˭ҪһŻءҪǹ˼Լڻڱ˵ĵϣҶеĺҪΪϵɱ⡣
һŻأʲôСأҲ֪˺˵
׼ŭ˹ҶɱڿƲסˣ㲻֪ûйϵȥˣ˵㡣


73 
Ҷûٵһˡ
ǵһۿȥͲദ, Ҷ˵һۿ׽͡ȻҶ˶Ƶ̬ȱ󣬿ܲŲͱ˼ƽϵĸ߰
Ϊݸ߰ҶС󶼱ſݵ̬, ǸƭĽҲΪԭõSɥʬѪҺܡ
ҶǸֻǿһ̽Ĺ˰ˡ
ǰ˲ͬ˻, ˹Ҷй
ڹҶ˵, ҶȾȾ˵һȻ漰κ鰮, ģǹҶµһҲʧȥҶһ֧š
ȾȾΪ˹Ҷ, ԸΪյĹߡ
ҶΪ, Ҳٹ˼ڶԷĵˡ
²˽עҶˣڹҶ̬תɲ, µذ׾Ѿˡ
һȫ֪ʲô̷ŵò, ûмǴĻǹ˽иǸͼ, ȫסĹ
ذĸ˿ţҲûһ¡
Ľ»ΪԷʲôܣһذ׾Ͷ˵ұۣ;ذûκε谭
ذ״˿ڷɳѪ˱Щʹ࣬ɻǰģ
εĹûԷֻҶˣ֪Ҷкܶʡ
, ·ڲֵܳĹǹöûκ
·ǵ֯Աֻɨһ۸ϵ·ͼǰȥ·ʲôûзûһͣ
˼뱳߿ֻܲǵıߣ˫ıߡ
㵱ΪʲôҪɥʬȺҶʵ
ûбһһ˵ţҳ羴ŵˣӦóΪɥʬߡ
ڣһⷬڳЩ˲ǰ̷ɥʬ߼ƻôһ˵̾ϵ
Ӧ̷Ժֻһ뷨ǧҪݰ֪顣
ݰ׵ļ𻹲֪ɥʬ߼ƻܱ֯Ҳֻ˵Щ˱Ҫˣ˵Եɡ
ô꣬ݰһֱ֪Ԥ֪δƫԭ򣬾Ȼǡ֡֯ɥʬ߼ƻ
ݰ׸֪ЩҪҵ׾Ȼߡ
˵ԸעģΪʲôҪ̷ݰ˵ĳ̲סʵ
һ飬ǲʺע磬ԸصɥʬȺңͨ顣
ȫԼ˵ʲô˷ŭ顣ԼɥʬȺڡ֡֯ĻҲ
ȻԤеѡ»صɥʬȺһѣɥʬȺڣȻͳɥʬȺһϢʱ򣬸עˡ֡һš
Լʲô飬ֻǸһĻᡣ
ΪʲôҪһѣúŹ֡һŵĸá
һе̷֪ǰˣ֮ǰݰײǷӣڿݰ׻Ǹˡ
һŻصնݰҲͲˡ
̷һʱܾҵĿĶΪ磬ΪʲôȴҪôµ飬ڵƻҲٱ̫ϣˣ¼ĹҶš֡֯
̷ͷת˹ȥȥµĶ
ʱ䣬̷ʹ
ȵʱתͷȥ˵ϣ˲ذ׶˿ڣǸûһ
ǸǾõˡǴʱ֡ڲĽӴԱþ͵ˣӴԱ·ȫûпŵĸֱӸ˵شŹҶźõķ䡣
Ҷ뿪󣬸ΧȺûһͣ½ŲʵѪҺɺԣֻ°ӡǡ
ʶţǱߡ
עĽ֡֡֯ıζţΣգ֡֯ӡΪǳΪߵһ죬Ҳǡ
Ϊߵۡ
*
ӴԱѹҶӴң˵ʱ̷Щ𾪡
ȫû뵽ݰ׵ǷϢȻĹע
ǡ֡֯쵼ԡ
ĿǰΪ̷ֹҲûмԣֻԵ²Ǹˡ
ǸǾõˡӺһͷ׷㲵˽
ڿͬʱڳĸɫ죬ر̷ȫԼʲô
Եĳಢûʲô⣬һ۾ݺƣʹĿеѧû̫
Ҷ֮ǰҲ̷һûмˡ
ĸɫǣ֡֯쵼ߣϴ·Ȼǻɫġ
Ҳ˵ԣȻҲǡߡ
֮ǰҲ˵Ⱥڴɵ飬Ⱥ˲ڵԭ
̹ȻػشȷʵҲǱߣҪڹңڲҲӵġҶģҲͷΥ򡣡
㡭̷һܵĴ̼ɲ֡ƻܵĴ̼١
ӦôӸǱ֪˵ɥʬ߼ƻ˰ɣ˵ÿܲϸԲ֪ҶǴ̷֪ģָҶ½һ鵱顣
̷˺ܶû͵ϸڣرз֡һô͵͵ϣ֮ǵעġ
*
ϣ֮ǵоһֱźܶ־ԸߣоĹԱܹԱʲô飬ǶӲ
Щ־Ը棬оľһλSݡһսߣԸˬʣоԱֵܡ
ȴҺ˵Ц
ÿغоԱ֣һԽˣվñֱֵıĩǰıʽϵľ˻Ҫࡣ
ʦáһֱԣƺΪʦ
һʼҲ̫ˣֱÿѰ־ԸߵʱݶμӣԲżסν׳ˡ
սߵķһֱܴԽ¸ҵĽս߻ĻʾԽ͡
һֱΪһξͿˣֱ磬˻һֱš
ðɣÿζûˡǰ˵
Ȼϣ֮ǵ˶֪ûˣݶһ˺üΣӲôˡ
粻ͶźԾˡ֡һš
ڸ֡һѡעʱЩԥԥĵǸ˭ע䣬ԥҪҪעࡣ
ڹȥУоʵ־Ը־ԸԼǷҪμ顣
ΣĿ˵
ѡ֡һŵʵ֪עС£ϣ֮ǵĸ߲֪˲Ǵ¡
ԻǾ˲ٸ֪עߡ֡һŵࡣ
ѡĵһע߾ݣΪݲܵȼϸߣƷеı׼
죬ݾͺһԵʵҡ
ôֻʦһڣݲûвʲôԵĵط
εʵȽϻܡ
ô˵ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
Դӱó֡һʱоǱԹƺĺҲһˡ
ӵˣ߲Ҫ˵ֻ࣬˵ˣεʵзգҪ˳ڻü
ûµģҲ¡˵ϻ¶Цݡ
֪ȴĽʲô
ƽȵؽעݵȻʾ߽׼õĹ۲
ΪʹSߣעҲһܳɹǣԱݴڵĹ۲
עǰһСʱûʲôӦܸĻԽŹ顣
ȻʶܾˣÿνӴҲֻжݵʮӣ֮ǰ֪ݹ顣
ǺͼһϷϣ֮ǵģ;˺üεɥʬȺҺҵļÿοɥʬɱĳԷԵĻԷһҪԼȫɥʬʱɱԼҲôҵĶѵģҲ֪ұɥʬˣΣҵĶѿ¸ϲȫɥʬǰɱҡ
ʦ뷨ǲǺܿЦҵĶѶ˵ȱɥʬҲνоһоɥʬ磬뷨ĵʱûлḴˡ
ʦҾɥʬ
˵ĻһԲ
ǰ֪ٹСʱϵҪЧˡ
֮˵˺ܶ飬ֱ˵˵ţԺͻȻһʹ
ʦʵҪʧˣϣѾΪоɹ˹ס
˱ľʹУݻοԡ
Կף׼ߵ۲ҵſڣĽŲžļԽԽ죬ߵ۲ҵĴĻǰˤˡ
ʦţҸо岻ԾҿҪɥʬˡݲ֪Լϵ׷ʲôôɥʬĳزԼҲҪˡ
ݣʵûʧܣʵɹˡԵͷ˵Ϊε磬ҪѸ߼߱ɥʬߡ
۲Ĭ˺ܾãֱһʹʹͰ͵˵ɹ˾ͺá
ɥʬ𣿡ʵ
ʦҲ룬ʵѾʼ˲𣿡ŬһЦݣҵĶ˵úãоɥʬ磬͵ͻȻɡ
֪ݲֻΪԼõʵݡ
һֱΪʲô羴Ϊʲô»ԸԼ
ʦΪĩǰҾͳˣǴĩǰġ
ιȥݵһ仰ȵٴʱѾĸУʼɥʧǹŹ۲ǽڡ
ûеȵѱɥʬߵʱΪ֡һ鱻ϣ֮Ƿˡ
⼸СģҲܲרҵԱ
Դϣ֮ǵĸ߲ϣ֮ǵĸ߲һֱ˽ɢ顣
ǣϣ֮ǵĸ߲оﰲרҵԱǡ
ֻû뵽Աûзֺйص飬֪ˡ֡һ硣
ϣϣ֮Ǹ߲и߼߰ΧоϾǹһɥʬߡ
ǲҪ˺ѵġԷҪֹ˴򿪹۲ҵţֹ޼¡
ֻؿŸ߼иһС۲ҵĿռ䣬ռԶ̹ݡ
˿̵ݻǻ֪ģֻƾűܴһֵĹԽԽĹϡ
Ǳֱڵϣ˵˵ϡ
һʱԿ̧ͷĻЦﻹ˵֣лл
ղŻָˣȥҪȺȴ޶Եذס
ˣҲֻɥʬߡ
Ծ̱˵ϣôˡ
ҲãԸ⵱ɥʬһжԼĴ
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Ǿͱϳϣ֮ǡԳҶ˵˹òܸ֪Էһ࣬ϣԷעģôͳΪߡ߱ҪܶһͬΧ֮еĽ֣ҵؿȥԼĳͷ
Щ꣬вɥʬ֪ˡ֡һ࣬ĸԸעģҲвǱƭעģԶƭĶϸٳǻȻҲలע䡰֡һɥʬߣû˵ȫ࣬ҲǱߡ
ٳǻصоҲʵԼΪߵĳŵһˣоܷвڷﱻɱ
ΪʲôҪЩҶʵ
Ϊϣ֯⣬֯Ȼر֯Ҳ㲻׼񡣡Խ͵
ǣΪݰ׵Ľܣ¾ùݰǷܵϢԲ֡֯쵼ߡ
ռܳսϢҷǾҪˡ
ЩҲһֱ޾ߣԹҶһܳǵʱڶܳǻ쵽߲¾ͰϢͬ͸
ҶսָȷҶľԶS֮ϡ
ԥҪôӽҶݰ÷Ϣ
ݰ׵Ԥ֪ܲǺŪ˵ģĸ֯Ԥ֪˿׵˲š
Ҫ֪ݰԤ֪ûԤ֪ϹŪģ֪ǸøпԤ֪ܻϹŪأǸп¹Ȼûá
˵ͬʱҶܣȷԶǱģ˵Ĵ롣
ҪʲôҶʵ
԰ѵ̷͵ֽһ飬ͬʱһ¿Ƽо½չ
ƼоȡµĽչ
ȷ˰ѴϢдΪ֪ϣ֮ǿȫ紫͹㲥ǶԾҪ
Ҳ˵ǰԭӵޱ޼ʵľ߱ǧߡ
֡֯Ŭһ»ܴչǧߣµˡ
㲥װñϾϣ֮Ҫϣ֮ǵǧ˶㲥װǰǵԵڻ쵽ϣ֮ǵĸ߲㣬Ҳ
ԡ֡֯ϣǧѹʮˣҲ˵Ҫҿһٵľߡ
Ŀǰ֡֯ҵǿһа٣ҪǹҶǳˣ֡֯ҪҪԵŬһ㣬ʮ˽ȥˡ
˵֮󻹺ţֻйҶЩ˶һۣ֡֯ŬĲʵңͷԵ׵ЩԱ
Ҫǲ⣬ھʹȥһ¡˵
Ҷͽһ¾ͬˣգԾԾԵıһ֪ܾԵġ
֡֯Ծװÿȥܼ򵥣һĻһͷ
ֻҪͷĻϻʾǿȡԼ򵥵ؽ˵һ£Ϊ˱ǲģһ¡
ҵľǿǧϣ̫֮ʶңҲԳһ˵
ҶΪֻעǿȣҲԵʲô
գȥԡʹʾҲùҶһԡ
֪ˣһƤЦ˵һҵǿȳ޶ȣŪ˻ҿɲġ
İɣֵʮܹŪҲˣǸһ˾Ϳˡ˵
Ϳˡŵ˵
֮󣬴ĻϵֵͣţܿͳԵǧյؿԡ
Ҳ⣬ϵЦԽԣյľԽǿԽ档
ǧǧ塭һ򣡡
ĻϵֵͣһϣѾһٵı׼
ϵЦݲõԭնЩ
Ĳϰ߱Ƶ˿ţСʱڹ컯֮±ЩΧ۵ͷ̫̫ҲЦݡ
ղûκ쳣󣬽²ùҶȥԡ
ǸҪǻˣбݰɣĲɣҶСʵ
ȻáǱôɣҲЩˣղŶô˵ˣŪҪʮôڵ˶ô
һΧ۵̷Ҷ⣬ҲϽ˵һĻˣû
ô飬תͷ£ӭĴɡ
ʲôû˵˸ơ
İɣỵģ˵
ǣҶ˲ǰĻֿʼ
Ի߶䣺ǵܡ
Ļû˵ڣĻϵݿţֵֻ¼ӰȻһϷð˰̣ĻֱӺˡ
ǵôղû˵Ľ͵һ䣬ֱͱԵѡ
ǵܲУҪĽ˵ͷ㳯ȥҵҪˡ
ʮӹȥˣҶǻûеȵԻ
һʼӴǵĹԱǰϢң˵ǺͿƼзȥӰˣҪ޺ãϣܹϢ
Ҷһ£Ǿ
֡֯ǰŵϢȻ͵̷סǸؾޱȵϢҲͬ
⼸ϢҲĩǰǼƵ귿١
ǰ޴̷̲סԹ˼䡣
ӴǵԱ˵ֻǹܵĴǹԱ˯ϢңһģϢҲһġϢҾڸڣǿιһ¡
ҶȻȥιۣǾ;ֱ߽˸ǰŵϢ
ϢҼ˰СʱȷûʲôȫĶ󣬲С
ÿ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ŀǰûʲô⣬лĻȥԾˡ
ͺ˯ˣȵʱѾҹˡ
Ҷƽ£˵ڣǿȥڵϢˡ
Ѿ̽ˣǵĴûκͷֻҪ̨Ͼܿڵ龰
Ȼ۲ڵϢҿûʲôõ뷨Ͳȥ
ҶǵĴһƬ֣ԲƵǡùϣվϵĵӰһƤС
Ҫǹ˼ϻ񣬹Ҷ̲סɽĴһζ
ڵϢϨƣǹҶע⵽һֵ͸ʵĴӳճ
Ҷָָͷϵذףܵذٴδ΢磬οʵʵĴ
£ҶǷ⾹ȻӳڴϵӰƬ
ϣҪʲôҪϴ۾ӰƬҶ뵽һµĿܡ
¸ɴס˹Ҷ۾Լۿ
Ҷ˽µָĿߣǿҪϴ۾ӰƬҲҪһ𿴡
ⲢʲôҪϴ۵ӰƬ˵ͲӰƬ
ڴϷӳһμ䣬ϵԺһЦĽ׳ꡣ
ҶͽԺͬʱð˵֣ݡ
μͰתһ˵ÿһ仰ֲֻ
ҶһֱվϿμ䣬˵ллֵʱ򣬽µذٴι˴
Ҷ»صڣÿ˶̷ķ䡣
ǿŵͬݵգһѻѻڳ˯̷
ʲô
˯Ժ̷ŬԺҳ𰸣ӦǹĿʲôظȥ顣
õ𰸺󣬹Ҷֻص˷ֻҲ˯ŵ̷ŷΪʲôͻȻܣǵļƻʲôϵ𣿡
ϧǣûκһ˻شֻдⴵɳɳ졣
Եķȥļ仭滹ڲţ˯üͷ
Լĳͷܿ˯лع˹ȥļ䡣ڲҪоѧϰʱÿ϶ļ䡣
Ѿ֪˶ٱݻѪģѾ֪ٴݵлл
ôعԼֱһ졣
*
ڶ죬Ҷٴμԡ
Ǹ㲵ģҶ̲סһ䣺˯ú𣿡
ҵ˯һֱˣûʲôòá
ҶҲͲ˵ʲôˣһĻѾǳ˵Ļ
԰ѹҶִǸ棬˵Ұ޸ΪһСԡ
ĳһǧǺæģûпˡ˵
ǰǰ̷˵
ȹҶڣԾԼߵǰ޸ˣһˣҪٴڶΣҲ̫˰ɡ
СʱԾͰ޸ĳһǧڴ⿴Ҷ
Ҷֻε˲ǰ
ֻܿӰȣȷʵ˲٣ǿؿĻϵ
ܿ죬־ʮһͣ˾ŰپʮϣҪ֪ǲҪɵ
ԻΪ֡֯˻档
ڿ׼ȷֵʱԵţ˺üˮסԼ
ȼľζǲҪѰߣҲҪ᲻ᱻֻ֣ҪùҶǱϣ֮ǣǵƻˡ
С㣬Ը𣿡֣صؿҶ
֮ǰ˵ĶʵĻԸǡ
ҿҵ֤
ô鷳ҶһŻҲлԲ˵Ƿʵ
ԶһŻصӡֻͣһСƻأƼǺܷϣȫһŻôͻȻô߼Ļ
ҪǰһŻز𣿡˼һ£ǰһŻҲҪһ£ôãһҲʲô顣
ãǴˡҶָָȥ
˳ָķԴ͵ؿһЦգǸԻ
ǵĻĲס˵
ѾܴķϣʵʵضʵԽ˲ԡ
ڵõ϶󣬹Ҷͬ˺Եĺ
ΪҶٹܽϣ֮̽ףҲҪٴοⰲţ̵̽Ҷβ
ƼоѴ΢Ŧ۵ӣʱֻҪҶ΢Ŧϣ֮ǸϣȻ󿪿˵ȫ緶Χɥʬ¶ط
ΪҶľʵ̫ߣԹҶ޷ԼʱҶȫΨһһѵࡣ
ԡ֡֯˹Ҷһѹҩ裬磬ҶĺȫһЩҩ衣ҶѡסһУͲҩ衣
֮ǰ֡֯һ飬Ǿǵʵʩƻʮˣʮ˿Ҳ޷ߣôǻ᲻ҲӰδֻйҶһˣǾûбҪٵˡ
ȷŪüƻңְֵ̲ס˵
ˣС㶼ɼƻϵҲûɼƻˡ˵
ɽʱ򣬹ҶЩ㱣սĴӣװľǽҪĶ
ɻǼεͼ
ڴõһٷͼҲһԤ֪ߣǸԤ֪ĩʲôʱʱ߶ֻһͼ
ĩ֮ʱؽ֣սΣڣ̫ػ硣
ƪ
лҪ˵һϣ֮ƪˡ


74 
⼸, ܳһյѹ֣ԱڴС˵ʴ͸װƷܳҲͣ˳սƻֻڶܳѵš
ٹ, ˡҲ˵ĩѾˡ
ĩǰһ, ҲŹ, ĩ֮ǰӡ
ĩ֮ǰζƽҸнɢÿһ춼Ǵ, ĩ֮ζȴһΨһԷɵһ죬˶ţµһ, ĩͽսᡣ
֮԰ĩ֮ݳ֮Ϊ, Ϊʹֻһʱģսĩõ
ҶǴӻֻػ, һֱڶܳǴšΪϣ֮ڽ, ǰϣ֮̽׵ʱͱƳˡ
ȥ̽׵ʱȷˡѵ󣬷ĬԽϳĬѵ¶һЦݣպǳϦ, ǿԺͼһˡ
ллӳҶ˵
˵̽׼Ҳˣȥʡ
öллӳӰ˵ȥʱ򣬴һ٩䷽Ĭڴ˵ֻһ䡰ллӳ
ĬϢͽɢ˶飬ǼǿɿԵʮּȣʵɽ·ϾҪĶԱǷ׷ƿ۹⡣
ҶսԽµ֣˶ڱ˴п˼ᶨԼ
ǲĩھ굽ġ
صܳݾӵص·, ҶŶܳԾµװƷǸƾɵһŻء
һŻصĹûô£֡
ҶǵʱһŻҲʴһŻصĳԱǾͰѲɫ·ϡϡϣֻҪϲͺˡ
ȵһ꣬ȥȡЩ·󲿷Լ·ˣԽģⴺװλͱ·
ʲôע⵽ҶЩƮ
һŻؽôꡣ
ǿ϶벻Ĺ
ԶһŻأæ÷ϵܸϹСݵķ˺ü硣
˵˭ңʵ
ףĮػش𣺡һաûȻǼɹ
֮ǰˣչϵ飬̲ˡ
ǵŵմ˿ҡڵҽԺĲ
㵽ʲôʱݰ׽ҧأһɿԼͻѪ
һÿ춼̷ô࣬˵һ㶼Ļ
ǲģҹҪȥϣ֮ˡ˵䣬ȿݰ׷ɵֲһһȥϣ֮ǿ
㡭㡭ݰ׵ŭֱҲһǰˡ
òһòãҲֵģ
ֱӰݰ˹ȥذСߡ
СһɫĿֻ£ԼԼϤĻơ
ǵʱӲĥġ
ǵļƻֻʵʩһΰɣĲٿüƻ
Ǹɽ֮۷˻ȥԶ߷߶ţܲˣֻ
ֻǿǡ֮֡֯ǰҲʵѡİ취
ֻڶʱڴǿߵľҲֹǿ
ֻĩ˵ɫʼɫɽɫʱ߾Ϳֹͣ
һֻ嶼ɽɫôʱľѾߵܷΧߵľ罫ȼգֱսᡣ
Ҳûмס飬Ǿһ㣬ҪסֻʼɫʱҪ԰ֻʱǿš
ղԵķǿ£ֻΪ˶ŪԲҪֻйҶڣôֵֻ
ȷݰײԼʱư˾塣ŵֻŶᴥż̼ĵ̴ֻϴִоһͷƤϡ
ܵʹࡣüͷϸֳֵЦݡ
߳΢ĶϵֻҲػζС
ʿϵʱѾ뿪˲ֻʣ¸̷ʿһٿ
̷֪ʲôʵصͷ
ղͬȻǱֻǼȻüƻҪüƻƺá
Ը̷һ
ȻҺŹС㣬ǱϾ߿ֻһΣݻٸصԱĻҲֻһΡ֯ϣ֮жԸص㣬պλĿ긽ж죬Ϳʱ̼С΢豸ڱʹʱָ߿ʹݻжָʮӺʼֻʮӵʱԸжǷҪֹͣƻ
ӵʱ̷ֵ̿˵ҴûôҪ񡣡
Щ̷꣬һֱΪףڻУҲЭߡ֪ԼСĩС˵ֵС
ûһ죬ΪվǸˡ
ϣ֮Щ߲㶼ҳеľ
ʵѡ˵
ԭԴĿ긽װͷϣ֮ȫǴĴݾߣ̷
̷ڹҶ뿪󣬾Ͱѵ͵ԡ
Ծ̷ÿó
㲻̫ģϣ֮ﶼźˣСľôǿ˵ͲҪ
̷ǽ
ʱ䣬һֱڻѵֱпճ
ʿ̷֮͸ݰ׹˵ƿСʱݰײѹ
ǰ˻̷ͬˣ㻹֪ң쵼ôæˡ
Ǻæȥϣ֮ǵġԸ̷հŵĽɡ
òݰ⻰֮ǰû磽⣬̷ֱٴ˹ȥ
*
Ϧ죬Ҷͽһ˶ܳǿϣ֮ǵ̽ггÿ˵϶Ц⣬ĵϻźܶС
һߣ̷Ҳݰ׵ϣ֮ǵרС
Ҷǿϣ֮̽׺ü죬̷ֻϣ֮Ǵһ죬һѾˡ
Сʱ󣬹Ҷȵϣ֮ǡ
ϣ֮ǵİȶܳǻҪϸ񣬼ʹǶܳרϵĳ˿ͣϣ֮Ҳһһȥ
ԣȵҶǽǵʱ򣬶Ѿʱˡ
֪ǲǰʱȫǴԭϣ֮ǱȹҶеĻҪпƼС
ϣ֮ﵽʵĸ¥չſƼݻԭǸƫԶıСӰѵȻ޴档
֪ʮ¥ȥˣǨ˻᲻⳥ҶЦ˵
ĩûǰϣ֮ʮ¥ϣȵĩ֮и֮û뵽ʮ¥Ȼһ䶼ûסϣڸӰӶˡ
ΪжҹԹҶϽðпյʱ͸ĸһ档
Դĩ֮⻹ǵһμԷ
Ҷһ̷֪࣬ɱȥסĸס
һԵĽֻ֪ܲغ͹Ҷĸ˵ӪĶԻ
СллչŮ
ǹҶչҡ
󣬻ڷй˼ĹҶεĶԻŽµֱۣߴŸĸϽؼҡ
йҶʮ׷ӵĸҶĸסλϣ֮ǵĸǼҴ⿴ܿҶǽϵжĿꡪϣ֮ǵϣ֮ġ
ϣ֮ϣ֮ǵۺԴ¥һʮ㣬ÿһ㶼ϣ֮ǵĺĹϣ֮ǵ¥װžϵͳϣ֮ȡĩϢµĽѵзװģԺеĻϵȫ緢
ϵͳǹҶǽϵĿꡣ
ݡ֡֯쵽߲Ե׵İţϣϣ֮ĵʮӡ
ʮڣҶҪ΢ŦھϵͳϣȻþ΢Ŧڵװá
˳Ļһһ֮ھɡ
ǸԵ׿Ц˵ǱƻҪ˼ôƺƻȫҪ˼ΪҲǵƻˣȫҲǵƻˡ
ҶŴĴ¥Ժ˼һƻȻ˴߲ķ紵ͷ
ʲôĽʵ
룬Ǹ
⣬ϣ֮ĵĴ¥ƹһյһյֱ߲㡣¥ϵĺƲ㻹ػѹţȫǺļֻʱٵıڵȴš
ʮһ㣬ΪǳϦԹ֪ڻû˯ţҶͽֻܽȥ¥
Ҷ¥ʱײ˺üڽϷűڵˣϣ֮ǽô֣һ˿άϵϣ֮еϣ֮Ĵ¥
ǴڡҶǰƬ͵ĳ̲סп
ڱǴڡ
ǰǺȥˣǴڡԺҾͿ˵Լڵ;У˳硣
ڹҶǳź󣬾ŵ̷仰̲סЦ
Ҷǵϣ֮Ĵ¥󣬷ſڵȻˣǷǳɵؾǰ¥ĵݡ
ǵж˳ò˼飬;ΨһľǣݴŴ򿪵ɲǣǿǷЦ
֡
Ҷֻ֪԰̷Ϊüƻȫ֪յĴڣΪԼҲûյ飬Ͼ˭տ׵ġ
µǰҶֱӺյĴڣֱ߽װоϵͳ豸ҡ
ҶûлѶʱҵҪľϵͳһȥǴ¼豸豸ϻһС͵ĻĻʾšϣ֮ǽϵ豸
Ҷ̾Ͱ΢Ŧ棬Ļ˲˸ϣ֮ǽϵ豸ʧȡ֮ǡּƻͬʱ滹һжľǷﵽ׼
ּƻĸֳֵͬʱ֡̽յ豸ʹõķʮӺ̷Ǳûֹôǽصĸ߿ָ
һֻҪϢͬʱ뾫ͿˡҶռƻϢͼ
µɲǣϳ˾ֵ飬ˣΪʲôϣ֮ĵױ


75 
ŹҶһǰһڿеɫ, ϺȻдţȷϷÿΪİߣѲȡƴʩ
ǹҶǡ֡֯ζˡ֪ϣ֮ڽȫ, ȴû뵽ϣ֮ǵĿƼˮƽѾָ˹ʱ
ϣ֮ǵԵ֪Ҳֻжƻ, ޷Ԥ˹ܵж
Եѡʱ, ҶǾѾ쳣˹ܶˡ
ΪŪǵ⣬˹ܻĵذ˳ﾯϵͳǰ
̷쳣, ǽϵʱ䣬ֻʣ¾ŷˣʼ΢ͶԽ͹ҶǶԻ, ΢ͶԽֵֻĵ
˹ܳڹҶǰ֮ʱ, Ҷϵһͨ߶˹ˡ
ҪԵһۣûֹܻ, ⰲ̷, εļƻһ˿תûС
Ҷû°ɣڹֵͬʱºվͱ, ĹҶܱȴûгκ쳣
ҡҶϳʹ飬оԼʶڽԺղſҪťʱһӰť·ָϣ϶⡣
˹ܣʲôҶָܵõ𰸣仰˵Զ̷ģҪ̷׼ȷ֪ϣ֮Ѿ˹ܡ
ֻû뵽, ˸˼룬һشߣѱעоһӺԣҲӺԡ
׼ȷ𰸵̷ǽϷɿʱӣյѡҲֻʣӡ
Ļð֪ӦھͷָأҪֹͣжǲ֪Ϊʲôܾת־ܸı䣬ôܻΪ˹ܶʧܡ
һ룬ȻҪĻ
¡գǻжãҶŬŲԼĽŲҪȥߵϢͼЧʵ̫ǿˣҶֻܱ֤Լʧȥʶȴ޷Ų֡
ıذڷиˣǼղϵǰذ״˿˺֮£Ѿʼζ
һӣպ
˿ǧ໰Ҫ˵̷ֻ֪ܿжǰǧ䶼˶ǻŭ𶼷йǰϡ
һӡһӡ⻰̷Ѿסˣŷ俪ʼٵ߶ˮһһڵϣǽϵʱƺߵøˡ
ͬʱһŻ棬ףͷǼƾɵСѧзŰӣڲûڵͷˣİӣһŻصƻǳɹ
֮ȾȾల¥˼粢һ׼ԶĻطŵ̻Ȼ֪룬Ǵǿġ
֮ɥʬǻڽֵ´رûнжãҾͿ챻ˡ
ϣ֮ǵҽԺݰڲϣĸ¥ôѵ÷ɵʱ̣Ҳδˡ
Ȼˡžһıˡ
̷Ҳˡžһ˵صڿϲ֮࣬Ѿȥӣֻʣӡ
ٿһ㣡ٿһ㣡̷ֻһ˵㺰ָѾʼ༭ֹͣźšһֱŹҶǣΪյľˣҪ׼
տʱ̲סһ໰ͽ·סɫ԰׵ĹҶڻ档
ϵĽڿٵţֻǲɽȡ
ԹҶľҲֻҪ롣
£ذ׸һҶʶľӰ졣
´˿ûκγɣ׹Ҷ뷨Ҳ֪˿̵ĳɽǶĬ衣
ѻŹҶΣذ׵һ˵˹ҶѪӿͬʱһأҲһأٷ֮һٻʣ°ٷ֮ʮ
ǲɹģݷֻɰٷ֮ʮ˹֪ܲΪˡ
ǻɹģ½˹Ҷ䣬Ҷ˹ն˵
ҶҲô˵ţ˵ž޷ıģʱ˿̵˹ֻһ硣ǣˣһɹģ
µľýٴλָǽǻģʱֻʣӣ˹ܻ˵Ͻݷ
̷ָڷͼϿշַ£ȴʼû½
һʮ롢롢롭һ֡
죡˹ܾܺˣһֱûжһƿ£ְ˻ץǸɫֻ
հ֮ǰ˺þõǧ໰һȫ³໰ֻ˹˼ʮǰЩϵС
ղһȷˣµľûýǰ٣ֻȽ¸߳һ˵Ҳ޷ɽʹʹֻ
ԣֻһѡ
ɫֻʼҷȣֻڴɫѾʼ˽ɫʼնûеͷֻɫֻǷĽ
ƿµǿΨһѡ
ǸСųԲͦˡôܻΪ˺޹ϵİѡԼĺˡ
Ǻˣ˵ŻѻƭҲǺˡǣ޹ϵİȴֻĺá
Ҳֻϲ֣ԲΪԼֻ֪ľһʢ硣
Ļϣٵ˰ٷ֮һ٣յѾʼð˰׹⣬ְϢͼ䡣ҲûʱȥϸʲôߣԺֻ˵ڳĬ֮¼һ仰˵һ̨ʣȻغ̷ǳɹˣɵӱ
˵仰յȫʼŻ»ƻƻٵش򿪴ֻһ仰סҽ
Σ֣ĻԣΣ壬ԳҪñ˼סˡϲ¡
ȫð˹âʧڴߡ
Ǳߣ̷ָҪ£ǽϵʱֻʣ롣
̷һߵߣҪһ¿
һƬڳһǣԴĩ̷֮ѹֵĺҹ
͵ϴȴٵĸ߿ʱ޴Ĺâճ֣˺ڳƶ䣬˰գ޴̫ڴ£ܿҪ䵽ϡ
ĩ֮ʱؽ֣սΣڣ̫ػ硣
̷仰ĿһĻݰףҲ仰
ѵҵԤ֪ĲˣӦ硣
ϣ֮ĿһĻкܶ࣬Ƕûʱ룬Ϊһ޷ֿ⳯Ϯ
۾
һŻأŴڵ߳һŻأԭ˯ŵɥʬҲ߳˳Ĭ֮ǣǻһ
ڿ֮ǣ֮ǡĸ䣬ɥʬ۾ʧȥʶԶȥ
ڷţкһ˻һɥʬϡ
ȫ綼ֻй㲥ţǾմæ˵Ǿ߻ѣǾ35ꡭ
    
лҪ˵һ⽻һº
ֵһ仰ǿĵʱ˵~һֵĶԳǿ֢


76 
֡ƻӰ˺þá
ʹһº, һʱĳԺãȻͻ̿֡
˭һԼİĵط, Ժﻹʧȥ˺üļ䣬ΧŲ֪İ, ܹȾѾǵӴˡ
һ, ҽԺæµĿҾǹǿˣһĲԼȶ˵, һ벡ǱŵȾʱŤ˽ŵġ
صȫʧ¼û˸һ׵Ľ͡
󣬴ҶĬȫһ, ĩ, ɥʬ
ⳡˣһжȥ, µ翪ʼˡ
Ϊ˺͹ȥֿ, ָһݣ9վûеĻᣬǳ1ꡣ
ΪлصĵǼǼ¼, һÿضվͽԭеǼǣȵлضָУ½Աķ
ʱֹܿȥ£Ҷͽ´ϣ֮ǵ飬Ÿĸ׼ǰһŻء
ĩնѾˣĸضǰȫģҲûбҪϣ֮ˡ
οϣ֮µķ籩С
֮󣬹ҶűߵĽһȺ, һϴˢ
ա֡ƻ˶ʧȥļ䣬ͬʱʧȥܣǹҶڽ󣬷ֽµܾȻš
Ȼ²ǰؿذףվǱͨǿ
Ҷ²⣬֮ǰܵȼԽߣܵʾԽȫܵȻ࣬Ҳ̫١
ϣ֮ǺͶ֮ܳǰۼôߵȼߣôϣ֮ǿ϶кܶ߱ܡ
ΪôҪϣ֮ǻֺܱƽȵ鴦ˣǾҪʼһֵϴˡ
һȨķ͹Ҷ޹ˡ
Ҷ뿪ϣ֮ǵ죬ܺã峺ûһơ
һĻкܶˣ˶صĻأȡؽ԰
ЩУҶһ𲢼սĶܳӶǡ
һ֧ôˣǽ쾹Ȼ󲿷˶׼ؼҡ
ֻǣҶôûпǵĶӳĬ
ӳȥ𣿡Ҷ̲סʵ
˵ȥҲû˼ϣ֮Ա͵
Ҷֺ˼䣬ȻԻص˳ϣʻ˲ͬķ
һ죬뿪ϣ֮ǣʱǴӲͬĵطֻصͬĵط
ִϣȥ
ϣ֮ĵĴ¥߲㣬ϣ֮ǵĸ߲վشǰԶȥĳ
ȫʧӦİɡ
ǸߣΪƽˡ
Ҳ֪һôƹ½İȫϵͳݻ˻صԱ
ǿϧɥʬо˹ܵƻ֪Ͳάƽ⣬ȫɥʬֱӹˡ
Ҷ֮ǰһֱΪʲôߵĻͼɥʬȴȥϷΪǸ߼ɥʬԼ˱߻صж
ǲ뵽ʵϣ֮ڱƽ⣬һɥʬǾûȨȥƶܳǣûлϣ֮ǴܹȫĻء
֮ǰϣ֮ȫΪ˷ɥʬΪ˽ͷء
ˣϾҲµ磡
߲ӶЦûע⵽˹ܵĹ˸һ¡
֡ϣ֮ǵԵȷʵûȨ޴ݻԱһĵġˡǡ
ͬʱվڶܳſĿŶԱķĬڶܳǵ˵Ϣ
Ǹ˵˵ʽĺӣҪ֮ǰɱӣ»ỳǸ˻᲻ӡ
֪ӻ᲻ԭɱǾҵķԸ
ʱ𣬷Ĭһֱ£ⰲŹҶڳϦ̽ףȻ˵Ŀʲô
˷Ĭкܶڶܳǵյ˵ϢǶͷĬһִͬټԼһ棬ֲĩź
ЩҲд˲µ˵ݣǶ˵ⲢҪ
磬˹ܵ磬ⶼһµ硣
*
ҶǻصһŻص죬һȺڻſڰ˶
Ϸ룬Ǵ硣Ⱥᶫᵽ䤱ĹԱ
⼸£ԭS߷ĵλ½ԭķӳڵϷ롣
Ҳͽһţԭ罵˵ȣֻʱó
SߣĿǰֻзĳƺˡ
ף࣬һΪףӳ
˭ǰϲڻڴҵļٷҵĴ
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