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vipǿƽ
ټһ磬ȴݲһòǡ״Խ磬ʵʵȴ򳤵úÿָ鷳ƾΣҡ¸ҡƤ񡢺˵˵սʤһС
ӱǽײѳľһ丯ĩȻƶջᱻݻ٣ҲȥȡΧǣɫɫĽɫīǳ̨ĴĻͷǵĴ£۵һһȤ־ʵĹ¡


1 Τ˹о
ףԤС
ơ¶ǺԼʵصСż۵ͻȻðôһ仰㽫Ҫôɴ£Ҫô¡
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ʮ굱ǶԹˣå
尸¼ôдģüΤ˹оǰС㡣
Τ˹оǰòŰµģݴǸߵѡ
Ǿ˵ģ˵˵Τ˹ؼҿɲЩûʲôʱıɷˣ˴ʵļҲXXػׯ԰أǱʷĸˡΪʲôѡ¾סǾһѾŮ˵ıְˡֻЩŵԵŮ˲Żɷû˺󣬼ⲻܵĴҡ
ⷬŲţϿ϶˵ġ
Τ˹о˾;Լⷬ˵ʵǻиɻ
䣬Ψأһǿԣһƶ
ôʾأȫޣΪǸĽٵĺŮˡճ׽⣬ÿʳҲʵ
죬ڼּҵΤ˹оһֻһٷ۷衣
һӲƣǷϹ׼ģң⻹һҪСΪֻͼĥ˵־˶ʲôԿغȻֻо߱ЩƷʣܳΪһ¸еˡ
ȻЩ˼ھǲȫʳȥС
ԣΤ˹оֻüͼֻԼ̵۷̡ץӸΡ
գ߳ţվԱߣű˼ҵһûȫ죬ƾӦѾŴǣʼһΪֹľС
Ȼպÿ׵ݵĽףһũĶӡ
Щ³ļ񡣡Τ˹оһ¼ϵ磬ȷ·δĲǵʵʵ󣬲ֵסڳµʱư
ĳԽУûѡ뿪ǽĿͶеġϣرȽЩֻͰ򽻵ļȣҵӻ㲻
ʱ̫ɹܣٻ̫࣬˺һĽվֱ壬£·˲ֳ˸
£⡮񡯳ϵĿ
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ֽҰԵǹһͺͳеֲ԰ĿΤ˹оȴĿת۾ô촽΢΢ſһƥСһֻСһͷûëСҰޡ
ɵôһͻȻ񣬾ʲôشһ㣬ɥϻ¶Щ߳ŭɫ߳ŭԴԼһµ˳֮ģת뿪Щ᣺Ƕħջ𣿡
ȻеĽ׶Դ˻Ȼ֪һæĻվЪһ
ȻǸܵ԰׵ǿҺ˸䣬⿪ӣ
Ϊħջ󡯣û뿪Τ˹о˺ܲҵؿһĻ
λ˴ʧɫ֪û׵ĳ棬װǻƣ֮

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Цذѽ׸˵Τ˹о˵
ʲôûУûҷģûһָͷ
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ȥͷ˵ˣ֮һ䣬ء
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׼⣺ҶôģԼ˹˭ûڵأ˵ˣȥأҲûʲôУʱûע۲ܣûλķˣպվҡ׿⣿ҿԵǸҲʲôɣ
ôǴ塣
ܳأô죿ǰôұ֤
Цֲǹ塣
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ȷ䣬ҪΤ˹оٰ񲹳ѡ
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ײԣû˵ɶѽϰ֣ҪҪǮ
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Լһˣûӣһӡ
ף
ҸٰҾһûУøծˡ

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ΪûǮΤ˹о˵ľ񲹳ѣױΪꡣ
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ΪһûָĴԽߣԴԽһֱطؼ·ߣʲôһ졣飬ҲŬסΪáȫֻôһءء׵ءעȥ˽İ磬Ӷĵظ
û뵽ô
ûһƬ죬
ɱǡ
·ϣǰͷͷĳδǿʼС졣
һλѻˣǣǶҪΣ
ΪСط⳵ķ˶ûзʲôģ޷Ǿ͵һʲôۣٻ߽ԣشʱ˵һģ˵һµģ˵ֻݵġ
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Ŀ˾ηݣǣɶˣɱˣŻ٣
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죡ˣǹ壡
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2 ֵ
ҸҴģͷһܻӭġ
ڽ׺³ʱλѺľͻȻðôһ䣬ȻֻţͬķϣףһҸ棬ϴʱǽվǧ
ʶһ﾿˵ʲô󣬽׵ˡ
ʱ˵ҪεʵУ
ڴ֮ǰΪһԺƽĴԽߣκ޸οԼΣԽʮ꣬ΣҲŶʮҪ
ڣǸԴЦĶ⻰ʵͷһһΪԼúÿ¶ܲڸԼݰɣǾֻŻŻңӦûǺءİɣ
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Ǻܿ͸ķ˴˳صͣȻǣʲôһǣǣ˳һȣȥ
Уƹؿ·һǳһŵǰߣ׼۲һΧĻҲֻԼԼʯͷǽϰ߲̦
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ȻǵһֳĴӣ±˽ȥ
˽һ⣬һЩڡ
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˶ŵ죬Ҳֻ̧̧Ƥûʲô£ֶȤ´ͷ
龰׵ĶصˣԺҪסηֱǸȦһ̯ɫʲôѵȺ𣿼ӦôĵطѵԺҲ䵽Щһ³𣿡
뵽ˣ֮ǰΪǾ䡮ǽվֳһз˵Ķ滷һ춼ȥˣֻ̳ȥ
ǴˡһͻȻǻ
ʶԼողСİѡҪﻰ˵˿ڡ
ɺҲʲôܣֻҪǸεķ˾Ͷġ
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⻰ԭûġǰͣЦ˹
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ֻꡣ̷Ҳֻꡣ
ﷸֱӷأӲŲæغЦʡ
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һôãûҰɣװģѰ˼ʲôģǶΪԼȻѾ͸ĥĥôԼԺӹ¶˵ӦòѡˣǮ𣿡
̾ûǮ
֪ƭ˵ô컨׹ӲҪǮһ衣
ϣǸӲûΪ˵ûǮ̷ЦøһЩֻвζҲŨһЩ˵ûǮҲȷʵʲô
Ȼ˵˻ȥ
һٴα򿪡
ؽĵǸˣŴ棬һƯᣬͷ룬ϻ˸ߵ۾ͷ桢΢Ц߽ηӣǽη̨׼ݡ
Ƚ˶һ飬ʱĿһӶΨڽ׵ͣפü룬ϻ¶ЩȺ̾ɫȻջߣͿ˵:λǣĲġһһϢҪ֪ҡͷһϢǣڽòĿռԴޣ԰涨˶ҪסªĴηġ
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ĲΪؼ˵Ȼˣ飬ǹأܻҪѧͨġԣһϢǣԸվ֧ԮĽ裬ôΪرҲԸΪṩһЩõķ񡭡
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ĲŲæЦЦӿڴͳһŵӣʼر˼ۣ򵥸ҾٸӣƩ˼ηֻʮסһ˼ηһҲֻҪʮһ˼䡭⣬һЩһɵģֻ軨߸ϴɾĴҪʿë̺ҪˮֻҪʮʿŪˣҪ⳥
ȻôĿ
Ŀɿڴ
Χƺϰֱѹե
ǮľǮûǮļڽ﷢ù
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ǣյ˺ü룬ί˵ǡҪҪһסѡ򵥴ֱ˵Ǿǡǣһ˯ɣˣƨɵ£ʲôɳԵѽɣĶ촽ĵһ䣺ҪҪȥһڣ
ס˯

ܺЩͶĽĿ⣬·ܽյЩǶôֵø˵¡
ȻȻΪԸסηνĺӣҲҪסԼǽվԭͽڲ١
ϵʱ롢㳲OO@@Ⱥӵȥʳ⣬˻ࡢƨĥʱʱͻһ̱ǵĳζܽѬιȥòװϣ챻ĥʧ飬ΨǣоʵЩȥץʱץһֻʷʴʭӣ
֪Ӳù
˽֣Ҳ̫ѹ˰ɣ


3 ȥĽڲ
ʵϣ׵ļѾҪȾ˺õöˡ
úɫ
ڵʮ꣬ɱϾǴϢըʱԽԵʣ˵£Ծһϳɰľ˿ͷ·ʶ㣬ȫͬôɵغƭ
򵥾˵ͬĵһ죬һƬհףЩĻͷΧסʱʲô˻Ｘ䣬ǾͻϡͿһͷײƭӣֻϾͱˡ
ɽײһ
Щܹƪ˵ϻϹɧʱϻ¶һֽЦһĿЦǴЦģ˫Ư۾ȴü䵭룬·͸ƤѾ͸ǰʮ
ԴȫȻʶΪεúܺáֿһСѡЭȴˣߵһ˻ǰԲλࡢ׿ǿһֻᱻڲԸ̴ֱشֻ
˶ʱڣҶֹ̬ȡ
ȺǻţȴûһҪȥڶͣƽʱôһ磬򷹵ʱһЩ˯ĵطͰԶһ
˭֪˵ޣȴǿϰȵӲ᳤á
Ϊˣﲻʮֽǣǰ죬Ŀһ۸˵³
ҲһͲֺ꣬ΣߣûԲͷԲԣһ˫ػɫĴ۾ʱĿĸţһ˳޺棬ӦǺϲġȱƭ˸飬һôû̵ӾͱϳȥǾͲ˸ùӡ
ۿ˵ڱѪ۵úޣҲĿ˶ԣüûûȣֻܹڵϣȡ֣Ҫధλ򷹹˸һ
׵ֵĶֵϧ
׾⺢ӵ״Լǰ֮ܣİæȴҲΪԼҲ䵽ⲽءˣÿԽʾ֭취ΪԼĿꡣУĿֵҪô׾ͱ˲ϧŪĿǸϿطȥ
Ȼߺͷ˵ǰͬһĪչΪȫ֪ϲԼʲô
֪ȻͬమûʲôֵӵģǶǱ˵£ԼҪȥŮ˵ģԣȫ㲻Щϲ˵˵뷨Ҳ֪ô
ôһ۳һ¹ȥˡ
ĴȻάԭޱ仯ʱӽ
Ѿ˶ľء
֮ǰλͽ״ڨЩİ˵
ڼǲдŵģЩǮƵˡ
ǵĻ˵ûǮЩ
ԣʱнһЩءϸĻԻԼ׬ǮԼ
ʵϣÿ̰ڣ996007ظɲͣ׬õѪǮֻ˵һƽվɹʳ²塢вȫԼĿӡ
һ죬׺ǸӸպñһ
ǳŸ๤ȥ̣ǲ˵ϼл
мİԼɪǼе
·࣬ϢҲͨرϲƤúôԴ׺ֻҪлͻչ˵л˳㣬ĿǼȰº װģҪǾûлĵģֻǼñ鰵ͶһǻĶΪáɣôظɻԲůһ쵽ſӣԼ㲲ü۶ʱǺҲˣڡ
׼Щۣжߵĵµߣͷʼѣ֪˲˵öôɰﶼǲĵģĻ͸Ǹǵһû³
ֲϢֻ̡̫
лرġ
ڣʹ˵ĿеһϢľ֣ʲôľ֣
󵽵׻˭ѽԼɪЦʮ
һʮĽ˵Ǹ㲻ڼʲôһѵҪѧŮؽڲɣ֪װģЩǼǮģֻҪһͷЩͳͳȥ˲˵ס˼䣬˯ɾĴɾ·ÿͼӵĲϡӣͷӲ
ǣͷӲվ׺ﲻм˵
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ʱѶ۾Ҳˣȥôȥ
ⲻ֪¡Լɪ죬ܽô׷ʣ˵ˡ
⺬ļ仰һӣڽ׵ѿ
ԭܳȥķӣֻҪ뵽Щ񣬺޲̳ȥԼɪĲӣôܳȥ
ʵǳԹú㶹ܹʭӡ룬ҪͬߣҹҹūһɻòһǮҪǣټֵ¡챻ƨɵĹӣĿҪˡ
ΪˣֻҪܸܳһдۣȥˣʵֻһƨɵĻҲУȻܲǲĺá
Լɪһʱ˲ֻǿŽǣȴʱ
ֹһЩ죬֮ԼСһת۳ˡ
죬ССڵغžơ
ⲢʲôƵĶϰʵǼȶӣָǵˮɾͷȫĳʬԼ֪ѣȻΪṩˮˮ豸ڴԭ򣬾˶ɺȾƣҲˮҪˮɾһ⣬һЩ̲ݺͷǷҩҲǷʹͼҩԣܶʱӼȥ˶̾ƾȫʵڲܹǲɣǻȡ
֮Ը⻹ǲԸ⣬ȷʵ̶̵һȾ˲ٶϰ
Դ޼ƿʩֻһ߿ƵغȾƣһĬĬ̾ԼѾʣԭͽڲ١
ʱһ߹˵ףٴ㡣
˭˭ң
ٴˣ
ң
ԣһˣȥ칫ҡ
׵ʱ˰ġ
룺ݣѵڲپɥʱҪ𣿣


4 ׾ĸһ
ηȣĵİ칫Ҽֱһĵطˡ
Ѿ̫ûηľԣǼͨͨİ칫ңҲζؿ˰졭ɫĵ̺õɳд̨ӣһ֪ǲװ˾ƵľƹԼһ
ϲ𣿡ضǷʡ
Щɣ򻭵ЩĿģʵС
ǷͷһƬһɫĻĵأڻĵϣһľ޴ʮּܡһ˱öӴ͸֫ͷӦúעϸڣϸ۲죬һЩ߲ڵѪǱʱ̫ãϵʬѾñΣ˽ǶԵЩбҪҡҡ׹ؽⱩɹȻʬΧмֻͺΧŷ裬Ӭͷ
ӦòʲôϴĻɣ
ԣô
׺ܾᡣ
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ϲǲϲܿܶǹؼȥһꡣ
ǣ׽ȡ˸ɣҿ
İüëһԳһȻĵ΢Ц֪𣬽ףϢɲ٣ǺûǻҶһΪǸˡ
Ĭ
ĵؼ˵ϲˣһЩСԼúһǺ£Ҳϲˡ֪ʲôʱʲôǰǾԲˣСģҵĻ𣿡
ָ߸ϵ˵
ұֳֻװӣԹԵ˵ͷ
к
Ŀһ䣬½ĿͶǽϵǷкÿ£ʵһ

зȺ򣬷ƻҷȺˣܳͷ
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׶νķȺֻĬĬ
ûĳĬ̧֣ŻôȻһ£õ˵ϸƣһ¼ĹץǷǲٵĹ۳ģǻãðȰľϣȻ󣬸ѪܣѪȷѪĻǻ׵ģֻзѪܸɹɡɣðˮָûٶɹɹһɹü졭룬⹷Ŷ֮ǰ׼ˣԻҪ˺ûҲˡʬѾùˡֻϧúõľͷӣ̣ˡ
׵Ĳ
֪˶ŻԼµı̬˵ŽһóӶľϵȻ󣬻ʱˣҪѪɹһհţɣͻ䣬־ز
ڵͻȻȥͷʱûҶֻӽӲһ
ЦЦͷַԲ԰׵գ㿴Щأס첻ҪҴԼһǺܺġ
ԣԼˣ˼ǡ
ʲôëֱĿЦѽСףʵͬ㽲ɣȷʵһЩңҼĲҲһ˵ġ˵ԼˣҪӴΪЧˡ
һ˵ţһߴӾƹһƿسһݹȥЦ˵ƣ֮ǰ˵һڣǵһˡ
ǣΪʲôأ
׽ӹƱŰɵʡ
ˣĵ㣬ٽһˣˡ
ĲָָǽϵǷͬĹһģǶĳŻеһԱҪȥʶȡΣǵͷڵӵĸȻ󣬸ң
ܲȣ̲ס׷ʣΪʲôѡң
ΪʵġƱϵ۾ḡһЦƼٵ˵һ䣺˭ܲΪ㵹أ
Ҹôȥʶ
ʱҪСףӡ


һĶߣŽ׵۾˵ͲԼˣҵĻ𣬽ף
ף
Լ=Ա
ʶû·ˡ
ƴԼ侲һĭֽľһɣżѿЦһ¡ţŻ˵ôøһ鱨ѽ磬ǸʲôϲãǸʲôԸ񡭡
Ӳٵİ칫ҳ
׶ɫѿֽԵúǱŵġ
˿һĻȴЩ΢㻳ѾͲĸˡ
ˣЩ˳ڣ಻
ţǡ
ԹԵĥŲٽԼǸ񣬺ְܿȻô͸סҪ£Ҳ֪᲻ḶұꣿǮǲʲô£ǲܴطȥӦˣһôɣ˵ϴӲȱӲšжĥɱ¿ˡ˵û׼Ҫأ
뵽ЩˣֻԼݾôһ·
ޣУƻܵһУȴʲôˣֻܰҧгݣʲô֪ʲôʲô¶ûУֻô˰ڲʹôȥһҪ취취
ʱһҽͻأ
ȴԭʱ磬ö෸˶ʳŶӴˣԣǸεԲͷԲҲսսسţɲվڶУֱ˿ˡ
Ǳ˴Ӷ˳ȥ
⺢һ·żС޺ûǣǸקĶڴЦ΢ֿ˺·
׳һʶͬԶԶ
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ˣۼǿӾ˺ѷεزҽУʱŭգǴڱӿķкһٳƣ
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5 εĸл
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ǣҪͽ١ߴһôԭһЩ˾ʹյ߷
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6 
ΪʲôԸǸӣĿʡ
ΪѵĴڨⱻɵؽ׷޴
죬ؿˣͷǱҰèߣ֪ôشֻﲻͣԼؼʱ̾ȻԴտգȫ벻һܹ˼кøӡ̵Ĵ𰸡
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7 
ڶ죬Ź϶ǿûȫĽĿķ͵͵ԼɪȥѯͬǸŴ澭˵ԽɹĴ˹顣
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ˣͬ˵ѹ˵ܽǸһٲܶҲھͰ
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صһİӻ򣬽ҧллˣԼɪ򣡵ǣٸҸйһֶҷģҪͷһһشϣ


8 
ףãΪʲôҪأķº͵ʡ
ѪӣӴڻش
˵Ȥ
ķؿһۣţ治һũĶӣף㶮˼
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ײ֪˵ʲô
Ϊͱ˵˵ʲôΪʲôš˻ŵʲô費Ҫ˼⣬һϢըʱĴԽ˵ʵûʲô
֪һ׼֪ʶУҾ˶֪磬ܹԼȥ˼Щ⣬Ѿ׳١
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·ġϰĵ˵ܵԶҲܲ⣬ȻҸɣٰץͺãʲôӵġ


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10 ôҹѽ
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ķСС˵һַһҺСС߽꣬ȥʲôͣش˸оûôصġ
ԸԳˡ
ӦǿϲģǸ뿪ȥѰٸܣȻ󣬽ȥȡ֮ͨŵġ
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׺ᣬķߣ粽չ
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˷ȥģʹĥòǺܰȣǼƾɵĳʪˣ٣ͨ졣
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Ƕ԰š֪ģҪõò̫һŲʲôᡣ

شˡȻ˻Ȱ˵ڰʱҪˣҺģڣҪһ衣Ǹʻ˻˵ҵҪһС


11 ²
Ҫֱȷ鱨ʵԡ
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ǣԽѵʶԼǱʶֲԸܣһôҪļֺ˵УܿܽһЦ
Ϊѿҧ˴伫װ򶨣ȴƿڴ
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￴һĵײΪЩͺܵͼȱ㹻Ľƽһ㣬ϲڰˮд죬ˣǾ͸ǴԿտաʶô塢޳ܱӵġ
ӣԽ׸鱨ûжٻɡ
׿ʼҪˣֻ鱨㹻׼ȷԷôԼЩҪأ
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ⷬɯеһӵϡ
֪꼧϶ԻڴһػãȻ


12 ׵һƻ
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ɹԭڣ¶˲ʵĿġ
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磬ձλֳһ־ηȴҿ̬ȣмĹ˵ڽһʱ伸ô¶棬ƺȫȨ˲٣
⣬칫ҾƹЩ۸񲻷Ƶƣ޴ŵľͼԼ󲿷˶ֻųԱʱһĵĽʳϰߡ
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׽һٴδ󵨵²⣺ֿܣһǲٵϼҲޣһֿǲҪץסʱܸڹǰνķŻһ򾡣ӦһݲСĹͰɣ
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˵ǣĵжǿ
ʱޣ򵥷ǸԸȥŬһΡ
ǣΪԸ㶨뿪ˡ

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෴ҰĵģͨѹķȷԼĵλͬʱɱ￴ʾˡɣţƵĿ˶³Ժӣ͵øʵʵǮ
ϧ˹׾ܱɱļ
λĴȻһʼ͵ϮȺŹڼ˵֮УȴȻʱ̳ɹһ˸µļƻܴɡ
Ȼǿѹͷߵľº󣬿˹ܻµмˣͨһǮͬǽ˺ͽ⡣
ȻǸҪġĿûﵽǮҲ̫١
ѳɶ֣ҲԼһ˵ģܲø֡
ֻһ
˽£Կ˹һԹޣֻʱûȥ
Թʵû
ֻͨвͬߣ˷ҲǮ¸ͽˣͷǮǮ٣ֺ˼ҷӡ
Ϊ˵ʮ޳ܡ
޳ܣڲٵӣԴ׻Ƶġ
ԣкϵػһЦװܺӣŶǽѽȲٴ𣿡
ѽһӶ롣㲻֪ƽʱҿɺ
װһûĴӣϹһԼͲһǵ¡
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һһֺǺǵ룺ʲôٴ˽ô𣿰ѽĴ˿侲ǣû뵽ҲܻϽأȵ˽º˵ʱôԭûأ
ô˵˵ţ׾ͺذѻתͷ˵ˡ
һҸ˵»ҪΪǩһҴȥء
²թ
ֻҪҪٰģƲֻҪŪˣһǾֵˡ
˭֪ȴװһ̵ı飺ѽҲС˵©ˣֻûɣҲʲô˵ܣֻҵģһݵġ£ǲġ
㻹Ҫʲô㲻Ѿ˵𣿲ٴ˿ƭˣһݣ
²ⰵЦѣΪ͸˲ٴ˺С˵İϷ
һֶȤζ˼氲οʵ˾Ļԣģҿ϶˵ȥġֻǣҲ£ÿܻôݣʲôһݰʵֹУһЩҲҪ˳ȥġ
ҾΨһ𣿡װȻʧı顣
±ֵԼôٺ˵ƭ֣ٵĲæ貹䲻ΨһһֻʴȣԸĹµķһλᡣʴҲãҪȽϸߵżŲеķ˶١
Ƚϸߵż
ٰ
죬ô࣡
ʾԸĹµĳ
׵˵ͷ漴ּװʣڶ˭򡭡˵˭Գ˸Ĺµĳأ
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಻ʲôˣһЩһһƲķˡУȻҲ˶۴˹
ֻû뵽ἰ˹ʱͻȻһ£Ҳˣúܣôܷȥ˵ɱ˵ء
ûͰԿл֮ĵĸ¶֪֮С
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סҲҪ˵
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׼˵ĵ˸Ͼɱ£Ź
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Ȼ˭ӦñˡǸɵСˣ
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׼˵ȻȻӢ£ϧȲ޳ܡ
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ûҡ
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ҲǣֻǮҲˡС
׼װûؽ˵˵ֻһС¡Կ˲֪жұļءŹˣҪĵ͵ϮҵĺûУлãɼȥˣڰҪ뱨ô찡ǵѽŻĴֻһˣӢ£Ҳ˫ȭѵְ
²һ濼ܡ
СǼرԸԼˣȻ˻ѳ£ôһ׻еıһ˵ƺ治ſڿˣ
Ƴһɫּһѻ˵ʵֲֹ˹һиĹµĳ⣬ϸö෽죬ѡѡŲµһʰ֮İ

ûͬױʾ˵ûܸ˹ˡ⶯ı飬Լ̸뿪˵ҪĴҴӣȻҪ׼ȥʲôˡ
׶Դ˺⣬ִһȷעԼ󣬲װµӣı뿪ȡ
ȻԴһȥѰ۴˹װߵͨ籨ѶڻµĴ߳ûˣ
ԣ绹Ļ
һɵϵ°ɣ


13 
ϰϴ裬ֶžϸع˹ٸԼˮͷҲĨ˵ͣϻ·װһ£Ȼŵͷ˿ʱ䣬ֻ磬׼һȥǱֺġһ購֡
ڴ֮ǰ׼ȥ԰һ뱭ģҲһ顣
ֻǣ߽԰ȴԼǸλϣѾ˽ȵˡ
Ȱţ峿Ϊ͵ĹϣǸһʵ˾ĵطữЩĵطʱ浾̬һﻭ
ȡ
ϰ̾˵Ǳ¼ҲһҪΪ㾪޵ġ
תͷ΢ЦֻЦż˿ллĿ佱ֻǣΪʲôҪһɷΪҾأǹ£ҵɷѽ
ϰϸֳһĨͷɫ
ְܿȥ΢΢һЦ˵ǲͬģҲͬȣֻ֪´ǺˡԭϲɵԸ񣬿ڣæڻĳﱸϣȻء
ҸΪ˱ʾ𣿡˵ʡ
ץסᡣϰĵָ˵ҽװġСʲôļٵ½Ȼ޸ңǾ͸ͳͳǣںЩŰˡ̸ֻʵõĵƩ磬һһŮϴŮĪΪһ裬ʵϣֱߵɣñۼǸٽĳҪǶûԸء
ԣȢңҪȥܱ˵𣿡̲סʡ
ǵǣŮҪһµġһ֮ϴⲻŮܻõ𣿡ϰ֪дʵ˵
սָ֣׼ġ
ЩܵüҪιȥֻƴ֧Լ˵ҲܵʱҺ޲Լʱˣֻ򡭡ϰ˵ٺȻáԼһһŮ
µôǼŮϰŭ˵
Ȼ߹ȥסļֵͷգ˵Ů˾ϲ˼ģȫһЩű߼ʵ¡Щ¸ǵĶ͡ڴ֮ǰҸסˣ֮ۼûôǮװģˣΪʲôҪƿˮȹأˣ˵һ÷ղҽҲʱ˵ġһ£ǸˡȱܵļˣԶš
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ɵͷ仰˾񣺡ģŪȥˣ
Ҹ˸Ļᡣϰ˵ץ췴ӡ
죬Σ𣿡
һȺϲϹµĹǿ֮ĩϰм˵Ȼʲô£ǿ졢һҲʧΪһС͡ʱ򣬸պóű»ȥ˵¸ˣܵܵľλһҲСˣһӾȢݸ޶ţɲôס
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֪ϰͷһǴԼԼ˶ܿģûй׷ʣֻżֺشһ䣺˵ЩǰũΪʲô޶˶˵Ҫ췴أ˴𣿡
˭ǵ뷨ءϰ⻰ɲôȤĵ˵ñĳﹷٺã˷ʱҲǿƲסػ֣ʱѵҪǹ뷨𣿵Ȼȸһƣԡ
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һƷĹ󸾣ⲻҪʱʱ빬͢󣬿ֻҪһ뵽ԼǷݲ⣬Ⱦ;ܡַֻŵԵŮˣֻܹ˼˼Ƕزܾɷϰߥ£ϡͿؾ͸µľ档
ˣֻҪһ뽫ͬͬһϣιȥ
żԱɱɱңҾʵʵվɱɣʵҶԲ
ȻɯûôײС
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ΪôһĳͷԼδɷǰκβ˽
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ֻڹײУװɵģ֪ɷͷ߰˸ãƽҲҪװ֪ӪֵļͥΧ̲ȥˣҲҪί޵طһЩ˼µˣֱҪ˵ģ
ǣһĨñɿشӹӹ
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ǣŹԶߵӰδɯȴоԼѾҡҡ׹ԼһСУǰһƬڣ·Ҳˡ
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뵽ײԼĲӣΣǷǳɹɵġ
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Ȼĸ̾ȴûͬ״ɹʶðôһ仰Ҳмֿԣʲôôأ
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һ΢ЦװģҪô˵ǿ̸ˡңǲǸ߹һǸиµĹҲֹһʱԶֹҡֻҪЩ廹ǮͻеġԣΪʲôҪðַȥԽأ
⻰ͷһ
䣬Ҳװ˲Ųæӣ˿еļر˼Ц˵ô˵ҲеǾ͵Ҵ˰ɡʵҲûʲô̫ûɣҲôֻٴҲҲˡ
ôһ˵һվȻ׼תˡ
벻Է̸׾뿪˲¶һ˿ȺԥҪҪסԷʱ
Ѿߵǰˡ
ʱͻȻתʲô˵ˣʶһҵһ¡ˣûٴõǰҪһֱġ²ʲôشȵˣһֻ뱨㡣ԣһ죬͵ڶԼĲӷڱ˵ĵһ졣
˵ȤЦѽȤġ£һˣҪôܷסһأ˵ʵҶһġ
һƬĬ
ֻضŽס
Ŵʾص˻ȥ
ĸԼʲôұһֻء
ǡ
˶ȴֶӲװںֻſ˭ܼ֣
գЦ
˵˾ȰסðɣϣԸһֻǣǵеĹأǲûô׸ɻģԡ
ƼٵЦһ䣺㴩Ůװ𣿡
ΪǲıԼ˵⻰Լûر˸ָһ໰
˹Ȼûƽʲô
͵شվ𣬳˿ĭʾѳڣջأȻ󣬳Ž֣ȷϵһɽ
ʱȡ
׾ѧŶԷӣҲ˿ĭһס֣ɴػش𣺡ɽ


14 ĻĴϷ
һ󼱴ٵһԼĪжʮ˵ĶһԲʮﶼûʲô̵ĻƧС·ϡ
ЩȫһºټĻװͷϴŴĿñŵһһƮ硣
·Եʣǵ缰·ѾɳͲӴҲǺˮųĿۡ
ǲϸֻէһµĻǺһЩǿ׳ġ
ͷһͻȻסͣȻֽñ£¶ŲñӵµġڲĵϤա
ñӣУһȷ󣬲һ͵ʣǾǸСƹݻжԶ
Ӧûôһ·ɡԱһ˻ش
ȥһ졣̫ȣֻҹ·ϵ̫ƣˣѱһ˹ȣͣرԹȺġӶĹ֣ȻôƫƧĹطºˣµĴ飬Ұ˳Ǹϲˡ
ԱߵһЦûж˵ʲô
ıҲûõʲôشֻǰ·𿴲ͷĳ·ٴδݺݵһЩ̫صķӡ
ȻһߴŶǰظ·һߴʱһԼ鱨ԴˣǺӻͦõģôųȥеϧ
ͬһʱļڶķһ׮£ϸ˵ѣӦ֪ǸĴ˹ԣԣǸסڵ˼䡢Ϲһֻ۾ĵȵ죬ȥװģ⣬˵ꡣȥȻ󣬸ߣ뿪һֱš뿪
ķһüͷҲףףΪʲôҪһߣ
Ϊܴȥ
С˵
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ȵȣ˼ǡ
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ɲȥͬΣաˣķȱʲôġҪǣѾϳˡѹش
ϳң
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׸ɴֱӵظȡ鱨ץЩĿǰǱˡ
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ѰһһЩô֪Щġ˭ϳҡ˭Ҫȡ鱨ǸʲôϵǸΪʲôͬһԽȵһѵ⣡
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ȥµǻ̫Ů˺󣬾͸ӱ䱾Ѱ֡
ڳдǵĲԼЩûû˵ġ˵ԣɴͷ뿪ǣѰ˸û˹ܵķ羰ʥأٴι޾ڵ
ԣ̫ǺܲԸġ
ι˵ȫ¹Ľ
ˣ³ӭӣ˫ӵ˺󣬾ѹ٩һ䣺ûǻиӣôʱظϻ
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¹һ߱ţһɿֱۡ
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δɯҲõ̫عϢڵ͵õ˶Էټ
ȻȥˣΪһλϷˣȴþȻһã䣬ʮ޵Ůˣһ
ѳɶײٳʲôʣԣμûʲôĿģֻˣкںƽһμ档
ǣϱֻǻһ衢˼䳡滰󣬾ɢˡ
º󣬰ɯ̫޶УĽԷ
Ὣ̫ߵŮ꼧޵̫ĻʱԴǵؽŮѵһͬΪŮˣʵڲ㴫ҥԡ̫ǰкܶĽˣⱾЩ˵Ĵ󣬺ñȻ̫Ŀ˵ʲôأ
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ĸף벻ҪһȡЦ
ϰȻĳΪġ
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ðɣҲ˵ˣֻ˵ɣѽֻʱġ벻ôòΪһ֮ĺѾĥǿˡǻңͬѵദһӶ̲ȥġ
¹һˡ
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Ҫӻģ±ˣ
мģЩǣ
ô˼ѽڣԽģǡ
ôһ
ٹ£ɯˣôһʵʵڴ⣬һõġ


15 Ĵ飨һ
һ죬塣
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һ磬ȫǡ
Ȼм֧Żεֶӳ˽ֵϡ
Ще࣬еֻ߾šꡯףº»֡ĳôʼǵĸֵС
ǽ羪ףֽȺͺŽǴ졣
⣬еļҼһʱҲװκˡֻЩ˼ҵſںʹϣȫϼɫϣϼСӣŵƽʣʾء
֮ǻȺӵ߳ţ糱ˮһӿֵ͹㳡ŮŮ˵˵ЦЦֵ
ƹƣ
õＷˣֻôҴҹҳʶ
ֻҵĳ£ﾯӵ˼ȫԱ
Ƭ̶ЪϢֲַСżæŵطѲߣƴά
ȻֵͬľȻ෴
ɯʱģȴѾʹ÷ǳ촭ˡ
ֻڻǰһ̣¹ʹ˸һ
ȴԭôһ涨
˽ֵһ೯͢һ㣬ҲҪѡһЩ䵱Ů٣齨ŶӣΪԼµġ
Ůͬߵ꼧ͬʲô£൱һְΡ
ǣˣŮˡͨǣڳϴҲԽЩǼʩӰ죬Ӹ
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þĪرݱһ˶˵ˡ
ְֻŮ٣Ҫʲô飬ȴԴš̷󡯵ͷ
¹һ
ͬԼйϵĹ˸ӳѡŮ١
ǣһϵ˾ͱˡΪŮ٣ʵΪ鸾
ֵǣմͳҪڻ񼴽ʱ˵棬Ů١һΪȨϣҲΪЩѡΪŮٵĹʩʾҫ
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ǰãɯҲĸдţίἰַһ¡
Ȼûеõ˿ο壬ƾյԹָ˵˷ǳ£αôС֣ӦԷ˵׳ô󣬾Ȼôֺɷץסɷģһ飬ֻһζͽ͵ؿԹʵںܲ񻰡
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Ψֳʲôʣ°ɯպľӼѣֻΥȰ˵£ȻˣҲͱšˡȰдЩԺ뷨ӰЩ˻
˭֪һİɯ⻰ȴĪִô˵Ƶ£ǾӦġ
꼧вȴ֪ôȰ˵
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̫⣬ʵûôʱ΢֪㡣
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ǣò׳ֵǿӲԿʧˡ
ɯֱһ
ߴ֣ס˹ֱۣͬ粢һ˳ȥ
һǳæ
ҪȥǩһݻԼȻҪųĳӣھӵĻ£нѲΣܳİݼ͹أ
ʱҪǰļ֤£ٰʽĻׯϵĻģţһӼ󳼼ǵͬʱԼŮѡ
󣬷˻Ҫȥһ̫
ϣҲͣʲôһĻҪϯ
ɯȫֵ̱쳣ضׯܲ¶һ˿ӣ˳ЦԼḡŵ
Ȼµ̬ȴһصɵ򵹣١ʱЦ֣ô룬ϵһɿ
ͬʱ
۴˹Ȼд˺Щͬ֡
˵ѡ
һ棬ͺһ棬ЩǶԣһǶ١ӦͻȻһܳȥĻᣬȻҪץס
˵Խץ
ҲǱץԺˣ˾ǼԭҲûʲô
ǣЩ˸߸˵׼׷׽ֻȿһ£
ˡ
ڵһ
ķҲڿ˵Ա߾ȴ
һԣüͷĿʼյǵԶ
һͷڷžƵǼηǰѾͣ˺һ
ԭƻƵͷ˵˵ЦЦȻ󣬻ȥ
ڲٵԵʣЩǴһ
ңǳһûԵĻƿԣ˭ȥȥһ£Ҳûµȥ
ƻϲϱ仯
µͷǳ˸ʡ
۾עǸͬһ̡ˣһʱΪѵľС
ֻǸһĸûû˵ˣǱˣͬг۸ΣһεĶ
˲עңһƫƫǸ⡣鷳ˣڣҲڣҿ̫ܲ˼ɡ
װ˼ҲǺִǱסǡǣһǵע⣬˲ƻѵҪٵȵȣУ֪ʲôʱߣܲһֱȥοǸɵûģ䣬뾡죡
뵽ϣѡ뿪
Ȼһ·СܣӺЩмȥҲЩˡʲôȥѽסĺһܵÿĳ䣬һҵΣͳȥ
αľڷӣԲԲѾݵЩݡ
ڽ׵İ£ʵûʲô۸ˡ
ֻǣھ˳ķĥ󡭡
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ǰһץס󣬽ק˳䡣
Ȼ̧ͷһۣΣû
ţΣҪһ¡׼е˵
ԡûʲô£ͺԥشӦˡ
ײжؿһۣ뵽ԼҪ⺢ȥ飬Щ̡
йԮûʲôֻ֣ǿΣѵ˵㻹ǵǸ۸Ķڡͬһ˵֮ҪڹȥȥʲôطСһҪ뿪ȡ££Ұºȥ㣬һȥ㡣
δؿ·һ
һĿֱⷢûһ㣬þû
ͬһ죬һңԶƫƧСɽͻȻһ
ǱˣǲǸ顣
ձڰɽˮظϵ˵ط
һ·ľ˵һ粻ǰ磬ȫ꣬Ƿ糾͵㲡ǱӣѾʲôʿһȺ˺ˡ
ҪҵСƹѾǰ
ĵһתͷŴұһƣʾþ䣬׼ʱս
ȻŴżˣǼСƹݡ
ϡ
ƹеһݵȳϰ循߽ǣƧĵطͷһôүأҪЪЪţٺȵʲô𣿡
üͷͣһźǲԸ˵ˡ

ȳϰɵؿһͻȻСĴָͱͱԼĶ䣬ɫԽǫֹʣո˵ʲôˣԲסĴˣ̫󣬶䲻ôʹˡ
ĲǺ
Ȼ׼İҲ̫ˡ
εؿ˿ܡ
ð죬ͷգԴ˵ˡˣ
ȳϰٴܵ˾ţ±Ƶؿ
£ļȴɹչֳӦеķɡʼάѵصĳȵޱ顣
ֻĳһʱ䣬ȫԼͬ΢΢Ťͳͳ˵ͷƴѹſҪĴǡ


16 Ĵ飨
֮ҫǵ壻ǵꣻװŶĿǳȡغˮԴȵĻ潻̫׵̹ҹաֻΪͳ֮
ׯµֻһλһϵعǰĵʡ
Զǽջǡ
ڹһǰĹ峯ԼһЩ
ɯ۾ɫׯ촽΢Ȼڸһеʡ
ȴеӣ΢΢ͷ۽ǵôĵسһƳպÿϤˣһϰķȣһ˹ˡ
λԷŮһЦ֪ܵɫ䣬ƺµĳϣԼͬŮüȥǺȤһ¡
Ⱦһ£ʶߵɷ
ȻϰȴװʲôûװƵ۽ⶼ
ֻýŵͷӱܹ
ϺͲϵѪɫȫˣڳ˶һĻͳ˻ֺ̿޲õиȥأ˶ҪǸҪļˣ
Ȼλ˹ȴϲı֡
λǰûϲصɥ˷򣬽ʱϲ̵Чµ̫󣬹ˣ÷Уòвڴϣȴܼ˵ǣܿԶɹ˹ע⣬֮󣬱һɼ飡
ʱ»ͬԼʹɫ
˹ʱװǻƣͦͦأپ죬ֻ˸Թֵ
ţ˾ôüȥûûˡ
һͬôĳϰһ㣬ֻû˽ļüŪһһԱϳɵĳǣҲȥ𱸹ֻ˹ˣ޳ܡŵһ֮
һͷĿ꣬㲻òԼȣȴԾӹһ١
Ȼ̲ס󡭡
ǸͲɵԹΪȻ֪
ȻڸĬʣޱϵţܱĻӴҸ
ʱС
ѾߵĿĵء
԰һż磬һŲţһֻݺݶȴҪ˵Ĺ
ǸҲ
һԤϣǿûٵ¸СͷҲ򵥵Ļ쵰ײ˵κ󣬵ǰһûгɣûȥǡΪʲôܶһͬ˾ۼһλһ˳л᲻ʲôıֻڣͬոǺ׷ȥˡ
׼׷ԶһӶصĵط߳
գԼ¶һȻЦݺ󣬲ųȥţƵ壬Ҫȥѡơ
ͬһʱ䡭
ķ磬Ƶȥʱ䣻
˹һСС񣬻⻮ָĿⶨһѪ黬䡭
ƫƧСɽӭȳϰͰ͵Ľڰο
ǣѿ˵ڶ䰵ţˣҺģڡҪһ衣
Ѿ˵ʡ
۾ɫֺߵתͷȥԼδɷ
ʱ¹ҲѾջͬ˹˴ε񣬵ϲ⻹ִ⣬Ҳ¶һ˿΢Ц
ףô֣ǶҲ𣿡ɯôţв
ǿԼ֮ǰֲ죬ֻոµĿʼǻڴ룺˵˽˻󣬾ͻĵЩǰĲϰӦҲİɡ
ʥֺصС
ߵ˹ǰվ
ׯϵעŹ۾ʣ£Ըһֱּ⣬塢ƽǡ¸ҵ£˼񣬲ƫ𣿡
¹ĵػش𣺡Ը⡣
ȻתƵһֻǼ»ˡ确ꡢ𡢼ǿȶŮԵҪ
ᶨػش𣺡Ը⡣
ڱƽΡ
ϴŶЦݣ̵ػӣһ߹ȥŵİƿƣ߶ҺҲһһεġ
εĿ͡
ǱƵе󣬿־޴ء
ǸСܻס𣿡
¶һּдɫı飺һȥղ飬˵ˣٹЩ죬СҲѱָ㲻úźҡ
˵ţľƿŵһߵϣЦץΣǰȴ־һơ
һ˲ãȻ
ɽţһСȻ󣬷һȭ򡢽ߡָץ
޴Ŀ־ɥʧԴ¡¡ѪҺֻμǵýǾ䡮һ㡯Ļ
ԣͻ΢Сϣһ߿һ߲š
Ƕ䲻ȴ˵ķ齥죬˫ץסεĲ
˷ܵţʮָͷɫϡ˫衢ͷ鶼˳ȥ
У
̼ʹʹϣôԸļ֤£ȢɯΪޣǰͬΪһ塣Ӵˣɷıֱ֣ս𣿡
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Уڵȼ˻
װľƷӼ϶һЩײĵݣԣĹ쳣ףһһ𣬾һͲɵǣžȼ
ƫƧɽڲͷⲽȴ
ֻȳϰԡҸ衯ôŹֵҪ󣬲û˵Բ˵һ䡮Сʣȷ𣿡ڵõȷظðһ䣺鷳Եһ
У
תͷȥ󣺡ʹϣôԸļ֤£޸ΪޣǰͬΪһ壬Ӵˣׯɷ򡣾ļ壬ƴĳ񣬾ӵıֱ֣ս𣿡
ɯʱѾ̫ࡢ̫࣬һҰοµͷǲ
ɵ΢ЦŵĿӣеĲֽƽϢʼƭָţܵĻܸıϵһжϰˣᶨػش𣺡Ը⡣
Ķһʧ
ʶģΪԼҪô˻
һϴΣ׳ڶ󡭡
ԥƿƣǽһңɾҺһأʹƿڳַ֧֧ļǡ
Ȼ󣬲ȶתͼ侲ȥһץסͷ˾ţһֻǾƿһˣźþȫһһܼ˸͸ֻ˾¶ȵѪҺʱӿ
ŵŲӣŹڵϣֻԻһΣ˾ͳ׵صȥ
鴤ţ΢ǺȺ˻˻Ѫͣ»۳һ̲
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ˡ
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ɫѩףһµ˼
ʱ𣺡ŻˣŻˣ
ǡȫףΪû֯ҾϡͿصܡ
ǣһʱ䶼ûˡ
ȥվȻקϿ
ЩѵȴʱĿ˹͵վ
緢شЦţߺȣֵǣúߣ


17 Ĵ飨
ʽ˽Ϊ޺ַĻʽһ䡣
ȫ˲ôģڶվƣ΢Цʾףء
¹ǣŰɯ֣Ц߹ĺ̺
»һʱǽٴδǴѲΣţҪٰ硣
ڻع·ϣĻʱ׳ࡣ
ֻЩμӻĳǵĳҪڹ򸾵ͷһģ
⣬֮ǰǴСеһֶ֧֧Ҳ۹ٴֵ£
ҵĻǣʿǷ׷ŸͷźںɫĻƷı߾Ʈģػڹǰҡ
ʱ컹ûȫ
ֵѾ˿ʼ̻
ǣѤ̻֣֧һڽֵϣ䱼ڡҫԻֱͣûʲôʶƽǿĿѣԣΪ֮󻶺ַƣֱɤӺɳƣҲĵͨ졣
¹Ѿͬˡ
пϣĵس˵װģɲֱԷһ£ܲôׯˡ
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ܹϸ̬ѵˣɴӱϿƽֱͦһԴӡ
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ڲδ飬֮ǰΪϲٵĹȫȨʱ䶼С
ǣе˴ͷֻԱţȻһȺ׵ľ档
¸ƽʱãֻҪչ̶¾ҲӦ
ͻ¼˹ؼʱ̣ñڡ
ηΣգǰȻ
ӵ͵ˣֻű˰ѾȻĻȫˣԼźȥɨɨβ
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ǻߺ÷ǻصԵηȥ˭ԸԹԻηűأ
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п˹һ֮ͽԽ
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˹˵سȥһȭڵأֺݺݼȭҶϣش󣬲ͳС̵ؽ˸˺
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ֻķ⼫˱һĻ̲ס飺ֻҪӳȥͺãûҪɱˡ
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ʹ޳ƴסץε֣ǰߡ
룺ѾǰΪʲôȴ˲أ
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ΪԿ˽ĸһ죬Դȷеÿһλ˶߱߹ĳԼõƷ¡
ڣڵʱˡ
»еİɯѹûע⵽Ů꼧ϣʮѹı顣
һ۹־ԼʵǺõģΪǰһ֮Ը񲢲裬ºͣȻһЩ˵Ķ飬Ǵ˶ǰãԼӦֻðɣ
װģˡ
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¹ȴӺͷһһȵӣߴ٣
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õˣ
ȻһЦˣ
ɯ롣
һʱ䣬㱾ã̻Ի͵һű鲼Խɵ޿ڣ
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ǰһڣһͷȥ
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ɥǰȵˡ
ȳϰڵشߡ˸ͬĸŮһȳһյؿ첽ߵȺүǰ
ǫΡϹϾػ㱨ʵڶԲסλүѽǾõˡʵط̫С̫ƫһʱģҲҪˡڴһƣƣ
ָǼ׳˶ĸ˵Ҹұ֤ЩﶼǺùӣ裬ˣʮеľ顣ңշҲˣô裬ֻҪͬ˵ˣǶԸ
߰˸̬ɧֹף鶼δֱ̫סĴ帾ǡ
ĲòƱϵ۾侲ʣΪʲôģ
ȳϰ󲻽˵ġ裿
ı˱۾ŭֻ˸ʽҧгݵصʣĵǸʲôط
ȳϰСػش𣺡ƹѽֻżҲһЩ
ڨڨ˼С˵һЩƤϵ⡣æǣߴţ׵ģʱʱ׬㻨ǮáģĹǶܸɾƽﲢ
һƬžǿƷƽ˾ĺ
Щǣһƴޱӣһ̲ס͵͵ȥ˾ʱı顣
˿̣ɱ֮
δ̫࣬ҲѶȡ
ǣһԲת̤˳ȥ


18 Ѩ
ԼڲԣϷһɢֽ߬żʮӲҡ
ⶼʡԼġ
ȻЩǮֳһСһСѵģͬʱĬĬ߶ˣӣǱʱʲôǮ̵߰ѧͽҲóʦˣޣӣǱߣöһЩǮ̫Ǯˣϣӣ֮ǰѾ÷Ǳ߽һѧѣǮٸһЩҪһЩѧϰõĲϷѣס
뵽ùСӡ
λܻӵֿСӵһСǮ˻̾˿
֮·ȥĥһ飺ȻڲýǮҲǿչˡҲҲŶʮꡣѾذ׬ǮˣһЩȵ˴ųˣٰǮáʱЩǮʲôѧʲôԣǸ㣿Ҳ㣿
ôһ룬Լ㰲ģٿǷˣٰ̧ϷֺõСǮ˿ԾѾ㹻㵽ҶÿӶһƫеذţкǵ⡣
ǸǳϣģվߵľͰԼһСƣСؾűӣһϧСںȾƣһЦеؽϵǮ
ѵ÷ɵʱԺȴͻȻһ졣
ţԼæϵǮһ˾ͼçײسӣ
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˵ѾʣܵôСôôܻ⣿һϢûУ϶ҲǱͷˡ
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˵ͬ˵٩˵ûʲô£ҪʱʲôͲк𣿺ô»ĵڶϣ§˯һ𣿡
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ĬĬﰲοԼҺôѾǸطˣңƽƽģûбȼҲûбšϲӣѵֵø𣿡
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20 ·ҰҪ
·˹һʮ꣬С³
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Ա߰æĵͬЦ
мҲæϸϸѲ·ϵÿһڴСЩŦȫжȥʬͳһȷûʲô
˶ѪȵɱԽΪ顢ϰΪʬĶҲôᳵ·ѵء
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ȴԭ
׷ҲʲôöһȺɥĲҡ
쵰´θԩϸñ
װҧгݣŭ룺Һ޲ھȥΪǸ޹ɵӳưɣ²꣡


21 Щ㲻
׶޶ĵǻġ
֪ԼʱͬЩ˶ԿͰĬĬȴʱ
˹ûзĲº󣬻󷽵սƷ
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ɯж۾Ĺʡ
Ȼ֪ǡ
άĲάԼȨ
ҪгҰ׵ģ¶
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˭֪ʸһ룬ߺȻһЦ
ۣ¹Լһ࣬üԸܵԷĺŵüڵϡ
ľȤЦͬ˵ͦѽ


22 
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ȳĬصͷûлش
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һڵ뵽ЩƸ˷ܣ߶ۡȭӦ
黹ûɣһӾͶѱǮҵķţ׷׳𷢲ƺˡ

룺ŻС
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ȻһƬˤУһ䣺ȥ
ͷҲصػش𣺡ȥѰС㣬ƭƭɫ
˹ǺһЦû
ֻûȥȴԱʹ˸ɫʱһ˳ţ첽׷ǰȥˡ
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ľ˼תͷͬһڵͬ˵ЦˣƼûСѽǹߵôƢȻָұˡ

һͷܳȥ󣬲ûԶ
ֻװŻӣΧһȦһȦûĻƣгסǣȫһһؿ˸ϸ
ЩǶԽģҿ˹ȼȽ֪ĵͨ
ԣÿʱѵ㣬һ˼
̫õĵطױʶݣ죻
̫ƫƧտĵطһ׷ʱûطء
ԣõĵطЩײƶľ۾ӵ㡣
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ͷסˣȫһЩҪġС͵ŻµȼŮŸåȵȣһѵģ
⣬һЩ֪˶ͯһԴСӣƼ⣬Ѱݣӱ˹磬ĴܣͰʳ
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ô˺һתȥ
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Ȼ󣬽ּװ뿪ˣƺԸȥǸӾˡ
˹ҲܾȻǸá
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׳ûҪ󣺡ȸҸʦ
Ϊƭ·˹ɵСǲ̫ġ
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˹ӴӴӴô㻹ܰС㲻ɣ
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˹Цˣ٩˵Ҳ˵һ䣬ȴôĽѵ治ѽ
Ƴһ۹ȥһ˵㲻ǴԼĴѵˣ㻹ҪԵ޹ʴҲɣ
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ЦЦظ֤ģңԿġ
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λʦ÷ǰ˵һҴϷԺŮԱ
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͸һЩˣֻܿϴ¡׬ȡճˡ
ԣϿΣŵһЩǮ󡭡
˵ʲôʣһھʹӦ
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ʲôױͱݣԼôתһЩǶ֪ĳʶȵȡ
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Щ棬ϷԺ¡
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λĽ磬ͨҪڰ߱ʿ㣻̨ǰţһϲϷӵ˵Ӹģǳ̨ϵϷЦֵ壻ٿһмλͨЩλĹ壬濴ϷģǽϷԺһΪڸǣ̸һЩ˵£кͷɽλûǮĹ壬һЩλߵˣġ
⣬ڴϷԺҲרŰᡣ
żһ֣ڰУټһƯŮԱ
ȻλʦЦԼʱһЩ£ǱӣʵҲǺܺһġʱЩ幫Ӹ綼ңս˹˶࿴

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÷ޱȻؽӿڸ̾ǵһˡ
ȷʵǵһ硣
ϰҲͬ˵
ţ
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ս˹ˣҲϰĸ״˺ܲˡ
Ÿ׵ķֻ˵ʲô˼ɣѵ㲻֧Ͷʡⲿ𣿡
״ˣ㽲һɣ
ϰε˵Ȼ֪ǮΪʲôҪ֧֣
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˵
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Ŷϰֶ꣬ɻ󣺡˵㵽˭أƲʲôˣҲ޳̶ֳܵȰ
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һΣȴǰЩ̼ʱô͵Σ泯ˡ
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ޱȿɳܵ£һŮ˵Ϊ񼫵顣
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ȻһЦ˵ллĿˡ֪Ŀ꣬ڵڵԻָƽ
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Ȼڶ졣
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ΪԶǵĵطһʵϷݡ
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Ӿ㹻Сˡ
ñڣԸ·õֻͣӱ޵ظǡ
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֮󣬲Ų鲻Ըһ˱£߽õꡣ
ȵһʰòˡ
λӾҲԷ½ģõһԣһƿƺͼ¾ƲˣССںϢʱ򡭡

һ߼װԹõס޻һ˳¥ߣӾʱȴһһ㻶ϲغһĪǲӾ𣿡
Ӿһ£̧ͷֻһñӡɴһܱعصĹŮ
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׼װЩˣһ½ţְڳһҪԷӣʾ룬ҵʱ߸ŵղķ˹壬Ǹоءǵʱ˺þãûôҡĵʲô˰߱䶯һࡣҲ̫ǵãҲ̫Щ밡ǡʲô֣ʮǣʮƺʲôٷֱȡ
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οɴʲô
оĻӹ߻ϸ΢ʶˡ
ǺЦɴֵĸͦ޳Ĳϸ
ӾľıһؽȥϵЦݷǱԽԽˡ


23 
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ϷԺһľ󣬽׺ܿͬӾ̸
ʱλӾѾн䱸ٿⱣ־룬һ죬Ҳʱ䡣
׼װ˵ôǸ˰ߣӾԸµҪΪһ
ʱҪһЩԼĿ
ȻĿôɵơʺ
׶װһӣ·ǰʲô֮ܣ˵ÿһ仰֪Ƽ
ӾƮƮȻ
Դ̥δܹһһӺ͹עǣ緢ӳⷽ٣ʱΪʱڸµµΪ㣬ˣһӴţƵĻһ˸ɸɾ˵˸죡
֮ǰĽȫ׵Ժ
ȵɫڽίذʾȥԼһȱȲʱ򣬾ԥûУȻؾ͸ȥ
Сһװ
Ա߰ӵļȫɵˣʮ
Ǹ㲻׽ôЩġ
ΪƶӾļƻҪԸС·ߣ͹˵ġ
ڡ
ү۹֣
ǲѽ룺˵׳ǲɽ磬û¶Ҳû¶ƨɣǴʵʵִñִɴģô϶ǸŮͬ˼ôһоߵģ
м䵽ʲôϣҪˡ
ֻӾһ߽¥ϵǼӣ㱻ڷеĿ˹˸͵ػڵأȻȶ죬̶ýʵ֫ȫε
˺ʱ򣬻ǲŲӾ˳ٳδ顣
ǴҴ¥ùݵĵңסǸŸ򿪡
ѿһˡ
ǲӾʲŵλС㣬ȫʧӰ١
ֻһ
򵥵дţ
[ܽʮʱǰxxء]
[ǺźӾӦǻˡ]
ŻȻ򡪡Ȼǿ
̶ȫ֪ô˵Ͻģ˵ȥǮģ˵Ѿû˵ģһţ˭˵˭ֻûŵ¥ȥˡ
ʱ˲Ӿ⣬лһλͺܴϹܼҡ
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յǰҷɶԣڲؼҲûʲô̳ˣȨһжߡ
ʱؼҾˡ
ȻͷĻ޴벻ͬ
ŵʱѵһƬЦ
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ˤӣΧһЩ˺ȲʽкãˣװҪǮǣˤӵһ׷֡
ĲӾһ㱻ǽǣǡ
ڱĵذϣ飬ֶͣ²ţȺôԼҲǮͻ뿪ˣҲǲأɱ˲գ۵ģ˵ǮҪɱҡ㲻ǰҪĥһ
뵽ȫ˱ѣ
ʱǸƭġŮͻȻ߹һˮһ
׶λӾ˵ĺøʵࡣ
ΪӾͬǸé®ɵС·˹Բͬ˼Ѿ̶ֺܳĹˡͨһ壬߳ƽ͹ΪֽȻͬ
ǵƽǴҰֵ֪ͼģɹѹȣ壬ǻָۣ߹ġ
ԣƽǵˣҪ쵼ǡǡҹݵĹֵġ
ӾСĽʲôԣҲûʲôпᡣ
ñȣ˻޴ţţɻʱѵҪţĸд
֮ǰУȻ俴͸ˡ
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Ϊ·鷳ʱûŮװ
ң˽ôһͷŮװҲһαװôһֱŮװ磬гһȺ»װЩ鷳ⱻһЩϳ
ǣӾֱڣڹȫ֪ƭԼļˣԭԱȻΪС
ңԡĺøУ֮ǰһУˢúܸߡ
ֱһڵǣǿ־ޱȵʱ򡭡
ֻȿѵŮһ㣬һ׺ֲпĵдʳˮԼܸж˹¸ĦأԲпԵˡ
ԣװѶסƲÿ󡭡
λӾûȥˮǴһ䣺𣿡
û
Ӿ˱һֱճյؿ룬ȼˮĹ߶ûƿ
ֹһܿʣҪôأɱ𣿡
ײǸù·˹
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ؼֻʣһˡڣҲڣӦǼҵĹܼҡ
ϹܼҶǼҺġ
ûֻʧǮƣãڣԺϣ̫ƽϣˣؼҴӴûˣλĵϹܼҲûָʱһŻǣͬƴΪұġ
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ڳһʣҪҪ뿪ЩӴ˸һңǺԸġ
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˹ɵؿһۣܾʲô
װȣʲôӮǮ뷨Ѿֵô𣿡
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Լ䵽˭ܲһŵľأҲеҪػĳ谮
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֮ǰս˹Ͷʡ磬û̫һ¡
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ս˹ǸûʲôҰġֻԺֵ竣ҲֵüǮĶӼ
ֻżϰǰȨ֮Уһ쵽ӪӪҵӣҲϧȰ˵ôŮԱûҪǻ˼·ҲԱɷɣ
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Աߵȴ壺ˣСһʲôá
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ңҲʵ벻ø𣬻ܵʲôͬ˽׵ȥˡ
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Ȼһ˵ͳɳƵһ
ȵסǣһߣ


24 
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⴦طܱߵĵεƣ类ҽڳʱ򣬹۲˸
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ǶԴʲôӦѱӿ˳ͷûֻһСĹ򣬱ӰҲˡ

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֪ʲôҲ֪ȥδӡ
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ձΪֻзŵŮ˲Żϲͷ¶ְҵһ˵ЩŮԱͬǵΨһǡۡǮǵļ۸ȴǸŵģʱʱҪ̸ͬһ̸顣
ܶŮ˳ܲЩ衣
ǣǵ̨ϣֱ֣ҪȻƹˤɴཫԼŮŵ̫ҪȻηηţҪԼȫطŲ
̫ĥѵĺȴѾνˡ
ʱ룺ҶӻϷӣӣʵںġ
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էȻصƽ͵ᣬʵûôӦ
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ЦЦװһӡ
뻽·˹ɡǷ˸򵥵ҽܣȻֲһ䣺·˹ԸΪЧ͡


25 
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ȷ˾ãλԳ·˹Ǹڲͬˡ
ϲ׷ЩŮԱͻ鱦·ƽʱҲװӣ˵һЩеĻڳһǵӡ
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˵ʲôʱЩ֪ʶˡ
ңȷ˵ĽҲͦȤġ
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ϹܼҸպôſھذš

У󳼵ͬ۸ƶԺ⡣
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ֻϧԹŰ壬˼ά²֪ͨһֱԹĹȴܵòĻġ
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ٺʣһʣһؽһ֡
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ţµͷص㿴˿ĩβˡ


26 
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Ϊڶ죬ˡ
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ţǸ鱦Ρ
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ֻ룺٣㲻ͷЩҥԻ˵ˣϲĶ鴲С
ԣżį̲ͣסͳСˡ
ѽ̫ˣ


27 
һ
ոôһ
ӻԵĵǱҪ𴲣ʼˡ
ǣ˼ŮС͵ְҵӦһˡ
ֵ˼壬ȫǸӻġ
ֻҪǮʲôƷ򵽡
ǡ
͵Դͬһͬһͬʱ
һٷڱʱԱߵţܻ衢ؽʺ
ȵ쳹״ǻǰõĻһһߡ
ǲȥЩģȥʲô⣬ֻںļ۸ǲ㹻ˣܲ׬Ǯ
ԣһֵϣͨʲôϲʿ
ƽģˡ
ɼʹǮˣҲװΡ
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ԣһװλһͻȻڽֵʱ
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˹ظںͷߵݵǰżæǰһ湫š
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Ĺߺܰ
ķǣڷ˲ᣣЩᣴ컨ֱذϣСĿռһһ飬ŪԹһ㡣
⣬лƯһص˳ǰߣԼԼɫĹ⡭
Ȼɫߵҫ¡
һɫȹӵ̫ڵ̺ϡ
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ŲŲæ̧ͷŹһЦ¶ŽƵݣ֪λˡʲôأ
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һ߻ŵǰӿڴͳһֽ΢΢ֽ򿪣չʾǰ˵ǵ𣿡
Ҽǵõģһõӣ󡣡֣ȥֽ
һˣջֽֽ֣µ𣬷Żصڴ˵æá
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źػش𣺡񼫹أԵҲãüѡ
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˵֪ܲ
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һ̣Ȼ󣬻³һƴ̱ǵ̲ϢУ˻ɤʣôأأϣǲϣأ
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Ϊߵڣʱھʲô飬񲻶ⲽԼ̫߬Աֱ¶ĵ
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Ȼٴθ˫۽ţѹʣ˵Ҳϣأ
ڽƬ̲ĳͲŵһߣּǸǮֽ⿪˿ŲƵϣ͸ֳһЦݡ
Ȼޱĵػش𣺡ȻԸԳģˡ
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Ϊ˲˵ġ
׻װһʧӣ˵˵һPǸˡ˵Ҳû취ָ˵ˡ
ǻĸģԴѪԣ޷ܣҲ޷ԡ
һû˸ĸͺñˮûԴͷû˸Ӵ֮䣬Ȼһʱ˰οҫʱҲ˹ơϲ֮£һ뵽ûиĸһ顢ҲȻζ¶į
ԣ˸ˮ⣬ɵ΢΢ҲԳһݶݡ
׼ˣһԼ̫λ˸ж˵࣬ø鷳
ԣһת˵ĸŮ֮Ѫ޷նϵģⱾעǣһ죬ǱĲԼŮôбȻԵĿԣ
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͸ǿһЩݿԿܻ˺ʲôвʲôջɲõĺ
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뵽ˣеʣǮΪʲôҪ˵ĹԢأҵǵøЩǮǻ𣿡
׸жڹ̫ˣ
ͬʱĬĬһ룺ϵˣڵ˿ҡעĽ׶ΣôҸôı࡭Ľأ

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شӷ˳
һûܣҲûð
ɹǧ˰ٶֽ𣨴ӵ˵ıֿǧӦԭ׼ģİ˰ٶǸж󣬰Ǯȫ˳ԼһܳһʱľסȨ˵һݷ֮ǰ⣬ڿջס⣬е˵һ䡮¿ҡĳŵ
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Ȼôϲ׽Ūˡ
ϰҲǸ߸˵ػ˼ҡ
룬ץסǸͷӵİѱ
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ԣûŽȥ²дһǿӲţԴ˽гҪЮò󳼴ӽԺ󶼶Լ˳
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[бʲôŵĻڽңʱ]
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Цѵһв𣿡
˵꣬˺˸飬ôһٿһۣתȥæˡ
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ڽʧڹԵʣԲ㡣
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¹һĨЦ⣬һػʲǸòһڵһ䣺ģҵóϣŵ۹⻹Ǻܲġ


28 
һ
׻µؽ˴ͷһ
ͼ˵һ䣺ʵҲû˵ôá
̱任ǶȣʼƷС
˼ǣѾãȴӲҫɱǫ̬ȣʵ塣
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Ƿ׷׸Ա߽ͷӶֹ
Сӵ׸Ķðģ˶P
ѧˣѧˡ˵Ǻÿˣһû۾ݣԭô𣿡
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֪ΪʲôЩͻȻ;ã˳СҲпԭˡ

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ôһʵܳĽ̸ʱͱü尾ˡ
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λʵҲһЩأȫ֮磬Ժʲôסùݻʲô
òȥ͵ĴҲʹرۣ׷һš
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˹ˣȵòͷͣ۾ȥϰȻʣ˵͵أģ
ϰⲻȥԹԵؼڵĶ뷽跨ͼҳð׼õˮȥ
¹²ؼؿ֣龰ϻԼԼһĨЦ
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͵ȫ֪Ǹʲô״

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ΧͷΪһӢʣƴӡ
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µͷһ䣬̧ͷһЦôţҲɢ˰ɡ


29 

¹˵һ󣬾ȥˡ
˹˽˺ݺݵһۣҲȹӣҴ׷ȥ
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ҲΪʲô˵ӵġ
ǿӲ͸һӾζǣˣһЩĻɣд󳼾ƷΣճָ¡룬ЩҪĵ⣬Ǻ޹ϵġԣʵòһĶ£ֶ˵ûûˣ
ʲôҶ£Ҷࣿ
˹Ȼ۾
¹Ѿ˵ˡ
תҲȥֱ޴ˡ
˹˱˷ſڡ
ǡ֮ǰЩ½½شӷ߳
кЩˣϰΪ˶Ըˣһһְ֡Եȱˡ
ԣпղһĻģͬ˽ͷӶָָһ׷ײ²ǲʧڹˣ̶ֻЦ
˹ʳֻֽȹšŤֻ˶ڳЦһŭƣҪƻʲôйһ
ǡãϰһӷ߳
һؾ˹ȥһǶ⣬ĺ⣡
ϰôڴһ⣬˶ˡ
뻹ּ֣˶Էݣֻͣ£ɫࡣ
ոս˻ûѣɢ
ţ˹һͷҲص뿪ˡ
ϰ³ɺޱһӡ
зģһ죬ҪŮ˻ڲ
Ȼһߺţһ߻ص˼ҡ
ɼ˼ɳϣһ췢ͳͳһ󡭡
ϰһˡ
ֻ򡭡
ץߵŮԱûȳ
˵˿ϷûУ˳Ц
Ȼ󣬳׺͵˺
ͬ˹˽˶
һææµµѽ
ϰޱ룺æ󣬳˰һ˽⣬ȻʲôôҲû̵ææææ˸į
ԽԽƲֵʱ򡭡
ͻȻˣӾ


30 
һ
ҵ˼˰ɣǳͨͨļʵżصΣ
ļޱȿе˵ңϰǰãѾڱʡǱߣ׷鵽һЩǸηķٴͻټǳȻûб
㹻֤¶ˡǳ飬УȻŷӵƲ
ǸķҲǼߡ
һǳͲһ򵥵ĳԽñΪһԮпһȻһı
ȻλյĲٴеԲȡ
֮ôԭȴҲпԭȫǿ
ñһӵˣĳ첻Сˤ˸ͷѪȵʱֲ˼˵Լƽˤӣʶذǵĵöʮ·ÿһһӡ
ôһԼĲСˤƺҲͱȻˡ
֮
ľԼȻһͨͨķ˸ˣˡ
һҪı
شı
ҲǸͨͨķˣ
ϼ޻ǽķӣ
ֻ
ܶһεʧͻ
Ȼźǡ
ôһԼѹûں
ϰΪ֮ǰնķңȥĻ㱨ʲô£
ĵĹֽ߶߶޶˶˵Щ⣬ûõķ
ôֳɵץס˵ҪڱǰΪѾ顣
û˿Ҳ֪ʶȤһΪ£һζץѾȥ²ţֱ޲ɼ
˭ںǳû飿
бʥãֻҪ˵ûû˵йй
أϲʵ׷ôëƤС£ⱼ
ǽĴͬĽһѽϲǫ̂棡
Ȼˡ
Щһ
ϰ֪޵ܣͬһ㣬ֺܽԸһСĴ̼ͷ
ɱµ̯Ӱɣ
ˣֻ̡
ңǵպܻõ֣ϰĥһô˸·ק°Լָʾɻ
ʱûʶϰĲ
Ʊ۾ƪ۵˵ԼһϵеʡǱߵļƺЩ̫֡
̰Ĳ㣬ֻסϼˣûû˵رԹ
ǡãķΪ׵һɷǴʹЩ֪жļ𽥶Թ֮ġҺܵģǻˣҪҪ˵
ȫֻĲ²ˣ
ϰʵòͷɴĻѽģѵȫֻһ𣿡
ʡ£бʡЩԱǸѵΪЩԱǶɵӣԼԺעⲻ
˵ȺҲ޷һȺ֪Ұũˣʲôפڸʲô⣬׾پܽǿѹõģ
ĲԶԡ
ϰˣ㻺˱飬߹ȥеļ򣬰˵֪Ǵʧܣһֱڻ
ϵɫЩѿˡ
ϰֻؼ˵ȥǹȥˣǰѽ
ǵģֻ֪ǡ
ƺԼôԭ
ֱϰˣʧˮǰһϣڵ㡣
ĵıסˡ
ϰºͣһֱ㣬ûȢӣδǰ;ΣûܽľλһʱʱҪ߶ңչܵܣΨһˡ
ĲŽǰЦòҲϰĻԽԽˡ
ϰ΢ЦţԣԼʧܵĹȥˣҲʱ»صǵ罻Ȧˡ
ɣģģ
һȥҲŻؼңȥҸò÷죬Լʱֵ·ٺúõװһ
죬ʲôᣬҲôһȥ
ıסˡ
ϰİţȵ뿪ϰĸۡ󣬱ʱʲôӡһ£ͳͳŵһߡ˼𣺡Ҳ֪ʲôˣҸðһʲô·㲻أ
һͷھһˡ
֪ȻڣͬԼûʲôϵĶӣǲҲˡ
ˣֻӲسŽһͬһؼȥȵٹ죬һרžٰһʽ㡣
˵ֳָһεŭɫ޼ƿʩֻ˵Ȼ֪۶˭˵ЩͻȻͲִ١һϣܾЩѧһĶءڣҪҪ̫ҵҾллˡ
˵꣬ҲȽ׻ش𣬼תߣƺ̸ܲͬӡ
Ҳһ
ƺٿ׵Ţ̌űҲҪɷߡ
䲻֪ôᷢչ׵ľء
ͷֺǻʶ֪ܷǰȥ
ֻ򣬲ܳʲôԭǰԷ򸾶Ѿȳϵĸĸ
ӸղŵԷ򸾵ĵȴкܶࡣ
ô粻ʲôĻ
⣬ϵĸĸۣǵĵԣ
ڣȴϵĸĸǱģȻҪԸĸ
ôһ
ǾԵеľ
ƶ񻯵ԿƵĵز
޷̻ΪѣҲڳһ̬һ̬ȣȡܻõѡ
뵽
׵ϣһקס˵˵½ǡ
˴ЩԹػͷʱ
ûΪԼ⣬Ҳû֮ǰһҡ
¶һҵĲ԰Цݣ˵ˣʵ벻ԼȻᱻ˱һѽ
ôܱɽǸʲô˼
˲ɻؿ
ʱɿ֣ק½ˡ
·ܵغ˼룬ѹؽͷȥ૵˵һѴ˵Ľ
˴𶯣һ
޹Ư̲꣬סҪʹЩԭµĻ㲻״ε˵˿ڣŶװġҲǡŶǸúܡңԭҲ֪²Թġ


31 

ڷӦѸ١
׳ɹһ־ơ
һǸԼһѽıʱ˵˵ǡ
Ҳʶǰ겢ǷѿĵˣЩڰĵǣץõһߡ
˵ԴȫͻȻǲʵġ
׽ײǵ˺̬Щ΢ת䣬֮ǰôĮԹ޵ĵˡ
Ҳˣǰյһ䡰ͬһؼȥִеĻ
ʽٿᡢȷǰкܴҪʧȥһɵġ
ڣ򸾷֣ⲢһˣҲ˵һ޹ܺߺ̬Ⱦͱûôˡ
ȵСҪȥһù˳ܻҪһЩʱ䣬ͬǰʱ
ֱӾ͵ͷͬˡ
ĵˣҲûôò飬ۣĬˡ
ǣ׾ܰмҷڵάƽı飬ͬԷ򸾷ֿˡ
ȻŽֵһһߣţĺ¾һһӿͷҲҲǡ
ʱһ紵ʲڷԹʱڽŶ亹ʪ˵ĺ󱳴һط
֪Σɴڣδ֪ĵطвԼп뼫ľأߣĸӳ̶ȣѾԶԶҵ
ЩˣЩ壡
Ǳ̸Ц໥֮䣬ȴ޲һÿʱỵ̈˵ÿһ仰ڿˣ
Ӧ𣿡
׵Ժвɸֳһ˿ͷ
ҪȻҪȻɴڣȥõȻҹܵɣ
뵽æֽͣһȥִߴٳһõꡣ
ǣȵõ꣬
ֲȷˣǽǵ˼룺ߵĻߵõ𣿡
ûнһһ˽ӵʧ٣׮ûںС£
ǣһ󳼵˽ӣһڹļ֤£ɹ׿ڰæµ˽ӣʧˡ
һʱﻢ¡
ãվǰһʱƮ֮У˼ԥԾϡ
ҲҪһȲ衣
һŮͻȻ
ȷ˾һȼ򣬴Աߵ˳
͸ƵĹߣеشŽףҸմӴǱߴɿ㣬к
˵ʵ
װģôԼ⸱ӵģ֪֪ɫڿɷ׵ÿ£촽ҲţֱеʲôһˡǷʲôõ𣿡
Żع
ȻʶԼθһۣΪһ춼ûгԹʲôˡ
һͷ
Ϊ˶ŪһҵĹ£ںУŻе
ɯ岻رá
⺢ʹ˺Щ
ʲôġͷΡƣ͡˯ȵȵȲ֢״һһַ֣ﲻ
ҽ˵ӦЩ֢״Щÿһ춼úܼѡ
¹ûûΣֻԼ
Ǹӣɵöע˽컹ЦŰο˵ţɫҪǿܶأ
ԣҲ̫ġֻҪȥ㶨һպùһգʱ򡭡
˵Ҳ̫ءţϣ˵ġ
ɯйоصػش𣺡Ϊã̸ʲôأ
΢΢һЦѵõͬһﻰɯ֪һзִģʱ򡭡ʵҲôзִ硣
Ů˻бǼ£ǻܹóһϼˡ
ˣĵʱ򣬾ͲҪЦ÷Ƣʱ򣬾ͷһƢʲôҪҲֱٷԸȥ졣
󣬵λ֮¡
Ҫȥͱˣ෴˶㡢ֺ㡢㿪ġ
ôһɯϲֳһĨãȻ
ԴѡΪΧ˶Ҫһȴǵһ˳Ը
ȻҲǶôġ
ֻǴⲻ뿴ԼδӵĸףΪһνĹءÿʱÿ̶񾭣ơԼԼ˵ͷһɡɡ
֪Ըжʵ˵̫࣬ȥ롣
ԣ˵㵽ֹ
ţתһ䣺װģʲô𣿡
˼·Ȼ˳Ļֱˡ
룬Żش𣺡£֮ǰ󳼵Ǹ飬ҺȥءڣΧ˶ңҳˡ
¹ЦЦ˵öԡ
˵ţע۾ĿǰʲôƵ飬ĺҪ
ɯ֪⻰ûģȷʵġ
ڹò״ôᣬҲʱɨ˶Էˣװɬӣ΢΢ͷ
ǣûʲôĹ򸾡
ΪĺӣҲ·޶
˹˵֪£ʵ÷
֪³Լʵԭֻ֪һζԴס
ּǰľګֲȻл裬ʹùת⡭
ﲻ˵ͷҲһˡ
һͷͬȷ߽ĵù
в̫£ƫƫֶǲܹ˵ȥġ
ԣѾơǵ˼㣡
ڼͬߵĹУҪһ
ñһأ
˵Լƺǲ󳼵˽ӡ
󳼸ֻǮ򷢣Ѿ̸˼۸
ɲ졭
Ǽӵһ˵
ȷ˾ôסˣ̾飬̨ϵϷ磬Ҫء
ʵڲ֪Ǻˡ
Ȼſϣ֪ǺµġҵСǴҶ浶ǹģҷˣƴʱƴͬھǰҲҪݺݸԷһӣ֡ҽҪǲСı˺µĩˣ˭֪
ȷޱ۵Ҫ뿪𣿡
뿪ģȥأ
ŴһƬڰˣ֪Ҳ磬ͬ紦룡ҿ췳ˣ
ǵáĽ𣿡
Ϊ˹鸾ΪѾһõĽˡ
ҲôΪ
˵ţ˵ţǿһҪɱǸɵƹ壡ԴĺҽСѪΪԼ¸֮ۡҪþһзʽҪȻԶ߸߷ɣҸŸýý֣
һ󳤾õĳĬ
Բ𣬷ˣҲǰ໰
СǸ˵УңҲʲôɱ˷ֻǡֻǡ
رסԴºڵСһ͵͵˵ֻﺦ¡
ȷ˲ɵǰӵװģֻһ⡣
鲻Խʡ
ȷʣո˵õĽӦǡԶ߸߷ɣҸ
ǵġ
Ϊʲôѡأ

ԣˣ˵ڻɱˡ˱䣬Ϊʲôƫƫѡȥ˵ҪԶ߸߷ɣҸأ
Ҳףˡ
ΪĿɹ֮ѽ·ס
ҸͿˣˡ
Ҳûвıʼڸ㣬һ˲ʲô÷÷÷¿ʼϣ
״Ļ̧ͷ̲סЦΪҴ𣬷ˣ
أ
ȷ΢Цʡ
ٶ˵һɣٶ˵һҹֱĻ
׿һп־壬ſ˫ۣӵκˣ


32 
һ
󳼵˵סլھϽһƬ
һƬס˼ҼȫǾɹ壬ʷ׷ݵôԶ
ǸʱڣǵȨܴӵأֵҲһЩӡ
ֻһҳս£Ǿͱ̱սݾܾزμսΪҡ
Ҳ˵Ǻ͹֮䣬һֺϵ
ȨͬʱҪз۵
ȻȶսԽԽ١
Һ͹ֺ֮ϵͲɱط˱仯ң
޷ԼͳηΧڣ˸Ϊ
ˡ
¹ǰλһֻڸһ¡ɹǿ뼯Ȩ

²ˡ
ȫֱڹ
ɹ岻ҪʲôֵۣȻҲû˾ӡ
ϻзصġ
Ѿɥʧ˶ԷصĹȨ
ΨܱȨǡλͽǮ
λǿɹഫľλ
ǮÿõԼϳĴ󲿷˰ա
һ
ҲûʲôҪڷˡ
ȨڣȻȡ
ǮȥĻڡ
ǣЩǽ뿪أ۵Ϊǡ
һ֡ڴӷǮȻ󣬳Ժǡ
ʱ䳤ˡ
һ־ɹ岻˼ȡӻ޶ȣҲܹ⣬󣬿ֻܾʣϴĸ߹ͷԼһľλˣ
Ҳһ־ɹ֪Ͻ
볯Ϊ٣λȨأֺܵҵء
ˣϰһ˶ԵƣǿЦġ
ʵϣһֱԺաϵļ塣
Ҳˣ׵ڶʱͻȻͽˡ
ڴ֮ǰҪһôҸɽԼ㣬ӡ
ԣ²ؼ
ܵʲôӣͬûϵ
ڣҪС
ôôΰﻹʹӵլӣײЩȻתһ룺Ҳû˻ӭ
ôһ룬̹Ȼˡ
ڵҲûΪ
˿̫ܲæΪڣһʼû
ڵˡ
ʼնûʲô飬ָֻʹӣӹ˽еȻ󣬰ͰΪסĵط
ôϡͿһ󡭡
Էʱ䣬׸һʹӣ߽˲
ߵſڣ
һЩŮĸףǸ׵˽𣿡
˵ɺȣ
קһŮֹ֣˵
˹ȥһԼĪʮҵС
úܷϵ˵һֹؾصıذɫȹǳӣһֱ֤ﶼ¶
Ȼûʲô鱦ΣҲһױݵĺۼ
Ȼ˵ҲȷʵʺʲôŨױĨ
һŮӶԣ򵥵Ĵ磬Ҳ̫ѵˡ
ò棬ѿ
۵ĵطӦ۾Ůһ˫۾ʮƺô֣ӽһͲͣϿ¿ֱֱһؿĿʮִ󵨡
Ȼ󣬵Ҳòˡ
ɫѿһԲ
˼գк£ͼļ䡣
Īõˣ˸򵥽ܣҵŮɺȡɺȣʶ£·˹ģĸ硣
ɺȼúŽס
Ȼͻأðһ̾ÿѽ
̿ԼϻһĨ졣
һ£ֲͬţɺȣ˵̫٬ˣ
˺Σ֪λӦ
ҺãһȺʹ˽ʼϲˣ¸˹ȥ
׳ĬؿŲڲ֪ò͵Ĺأʱ̫
ȵҶͽСҲȻע⵽߱ͷѲͲ棬ұ߱Ѳ͵ףǰһСĲ
ô໨бҪ𣿡
ʵ̲ס²ۣʵֻҪСľͿԽһС
ڣҪװһ򶨵ӡ
ǣò͵ʱ䣬ȥȻ󣬲ȥģ
ͬʱ
һҲĬĬع۲
֪ǰһֱ£ܵоֹϹҪִ³ΪĨڡ
ɵȵһñϡ
Ƿ֣⺢ӺܽһģҲͦ裬Ȼͷβû
˿Ƶתһ
ѵʹظһ׼ȷİţ壬һϣ˽㡣
׶Դûʲô
ǣô
˶˽ӵ֪ġ
йĻڣﲻԸҲùȻʲô̫ķӦ
ֻ˵Ůɺȣȴɵһ뷨
ΪжŮõֶµһŲ֪
ˣڽһ׮·󡭡
֮࣬ƽǱĸԼüϸӣ·һӴ磬ز˺ͷ߶ءأɵͷôһ˽ƾձ˳ߣɼز˵˵ˣҪһһˣǲɵأ
ࡣ
ԩ
ôأ
ܲȥָѡ
һۡ
ϵ󳹵ɺб
ֵǡ
Ů˽ûжԸʧԴ˻ͦ˷ܵġ
һ죬ûע⣬ͻȻסף۾ؿһ
ͬһ𣿡
ʲôѽ
ҲðǲֺܴŮˣǡкܶ˰Ľ
ƽʱᴩʲôȹأϲ𣿡
ױˡ
ȻɺȲشؼʣûм˹ˣǲú˵¶Ϊϧ󡣡
ʱ׶йЩӹϵ˽òࡣ
⻰ʶʣ˹˭
㾹֪˹𣿡
ɺȾȵػشţǹµˡ
ױʣܺ𣿡
̸ʲô棬ԵءɺЩ˼
üëСŮ΢˼
̽صЦһ䣺ôҲԵ˭𣿡
ɺȵһӺˡ
˿ңΧûʲôˣ㳶Ž׵½ǣקһߣȻ󣬲һ˵ǹ͢ĹǶˣԣҲڽһءٻߣ˵ҲУһƯĻ·˹֪⻰ԭǲͬ˵ģ㲻ͬΪ֮Ұɣĸ׺͸ǵ꣬ӦҲƵɣ
ײ΢΢һЦͰ׵غһҵСѽ
ɺ̧ͷֻŴЦĿͿôסˣЩߵ룺㲻ҵĸ磬ҾҪҵء
˵úء
ʲô
ҴС޸ĸ³󡣡
ʲô˼
˼ǣŮ˼ҵˣҪġ
ģ
ŶӶ㵽ȥӣȻ磬ĺûû裬¶һ󡣡



33 

纣֮ǰԤϵ
ڵǸСţûǴ򿪾档
ǺһҹģСԺ˼
һʼ˳ں棬Ʊۿ
Ƿ֣ľţʲôͷûУûл㣬ûкĶûʲôصħ
ˣ˾ذһɫ̨ʵĹº󣬱㽥ûʲôˡ
λĵϰԴ˺ܽǡ
ר˺üҾԺĵȥ˿ЩܻӭĽĿͼҲѧһѧ
Ȼܿ췢֡
ȫΪҾۼڶǣƷζȻصס
ǵϲöر
ǶԾ顢ԽɫԲԵƹ⡢ԷΡͳͳûҪ
ֻϲšѪ̼
ΪͶã
ϷԺ̨ϣݵļȫһࣺ
ŮԱᴩż¶·Ūɫǳ
Ա˴˼ҪȻ죬Ѫص·ͷȴŴţҵʱ򣬱ҪýݣŪͷȫѪ
ֻıݡ
ǲŻظ½кáơ
ϰ˼ȥֿ˿һׯĺȷˣĵؾãУѧ
ʱѾЩˡ
ȷ˷⣺ҵǻһ뷨ȻͷԡǲУǴٻȥ
ϰ˰סͷǻһӡ
Ȼȷ˵뷨
ʵҲʲôرģǡǡǲ
һԱУںͽ̸۹ǲС˵Ͷɫ²ŨȤҪݣھ뷨
ҪѡⲿС˵
ڴ֮ǰȴҪ˵һ˲С
ǣս˹֪竣һδȥƹݺȾʱĺȷˡ
ıࡶ
ս˹ܾظ仰̶ĵһЦȫȻϵʣôķˣôأ
ȷ˵ʹԼ̬ȿܳϿҡ
Ȼش𣺡ðˡڴⱾС˵ʱûֿܣǺ˹С˵еĹġҲҲʵΪ˹鸾νĹޡ
ս˹ϵЦʧˡ
һӲ˵ȥ
ȷ˽ĿͶδ֪Զ˵ʱıҲС˵еڡ
ֻôͨĻ䣬Ȼ鲻ԽΪеǿж΢΢սҲһЩɱ
ɱ˭ս˹ʡ
˹ȷ˻ش𣺡Ǹƭһˡ
ս˹͵һھơ
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35 
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Ϊˣһϧŵ˼ԺܹԹҵĻҲǲһֱ

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ܿ죬¶ЦݣίȷʵǸϢôôıأ

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37 
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40 
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41 
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42 
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43 
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˹Ŀɿڴؿܲŵӡ
ɽţӿ˳ҲԾطŴˣǹѽôûǮأ˵Щǲٹˡ
¹޺ķң⻰ô˵أûô˵ѽֻԽһЩҲԼĻ
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ʵ͹͢Ľף޲
ð죬Ӳػһ䣺ŶǺðġ


44 
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֮ǰ˵ģйغϰһЩ飬ͳͳڱϹλ˱ĸץסͺԼĻԱơ
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ƶǿЦ⣬Ϊ˴Ĵָǳ벻ļƲˣ


45 
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ϰ׷ȫԻѳǳڵģȥбģôһͳɹܹȥˣ
ϰȴһиˣһʱ仹ԼЩʳѰ
ܶʱԲ
ֻһӾһûʵְӾ
ԣʵûʵֵµҲûô࣬ң˵ע⣬ȥ̫Ķ
ϰȴ̲סͣȥ룺˸ҲˣͻȻˣ͵͵˼ҡֻôҷֵģôˣûֵЩжٴأ
µǡȵԵʣǰҼǽġ
ôҵļڻȫ𣿡
ÿһһһϲһŭʲôʲôǲͳͳѾУ
뵽ôһʱʱ̿ڰпԼ
ϰζ̲ȥˡ
㣺ҵһߣɴཫҲ뵽ҵϡ
Ͼȵĵܵܣ飬㲻ûǵءܵˣһֻϼ䣬ҲҴ鷳
ܣ뵽ң
ô˦˭أ
ϰȥ뵽֮ǰͬƶǳıѾˣ
Ҫĥһɱ˵ʱԼԼȫǣȥķӡ
ʱ
ս˹˽
²ĵ竣һֺǺǵʣпҵĶӣ
ϰ̧ͷʶشһϸײϲõɫЩʣôˣףʲôϲ£
˵˶٣΢΢һ²ʣѵǡ
ѽҪˣѾôã
ͬһʱ䣬ȷҲ΢ЦؽϢ֪˽ף·˹ӦҲʮڴİɣ
Ҳֹڴһǳء
׻һͬõ΢Цַе˵ľʱݣһ᲻ÿġ
ȷ˺ܿġ
֪֮˵Щͺˣҵû̫ϣϾûʲôʱ˵Ԫء˵Ҳû̫ڴ
æοҲͬʱ˾ȥȣŷıݣһ̨¹ڵġ
ȷ΢΢һЦûôԶֻ硭ﻹе뷨
ϸֳһԥɫҲԳҲô룬Щߣ߻ᱻ˳ЦҲ̫Լˡ
·˹֪𣿡
ʱ̲סȥһЩӰ˵
Ʃ磬ǽⲿɹݳˣǽıչʾ̨ˣǲǾһЩŮЩдӴ˲ıأ
ٻߣѾƭǸպҲܴⲿмȡһЩҪšȻܻлҸϣ
硭ⲿܴһЩõ뷨Ҿûһˡ
׶ԴЩԾ
Ϊ籾ĸıߣǿνý֣Żȥ޸ģ纣ȷ㡮ʾˣϣ뷨ȴûеġ
ŮԵĽǶȷȻҲȽ׸ıΡ
ԣȥоɫʱ򣬲ɱضɫͬģɴ뵽ʵеŮԡ
ǣ˰ݺýɫ⡭
ȻȻزˣԽɫľȥѡŮԵ뷨
ܿܿڽȻͬһ˵߹󡣡
ײ̾˵ȻˡҽΪ˷йıⲿ籾ʱȴѾҪȥˣͬһǲ
ȷ˱һ졣
̫˼ذڰ˵ûôΰ󣬻籾ĵúã뷨
˲⻥ǫһ
һǡĵ߹󡯣һǡȫ籾ĵúá
˻˼֣
ǺȷˣǽףЩЦ㲻ԼͬͣⳡҵһЦ
ȵͬȷ˸𡭡
׶ڽֵʱ黹ʮõ룺ҸöӴˣȺһ𣬼ֱǻһӵıƺӵĶ֭ҩˮ
תַ룺Ҹôһأ뷨ǺõģģⲿӦҲ㲻ɣȷʵʺǵһ໨͡ǿϷ˹עŮ˵غƨ⣬ֱȥʲôЩȷϷֱˣҸôأҪȻ

ת죬׾ͽ˹
˹ţ
ǰһ˵
ΪƽʱҲôʱʱˢˢڸУġ
ߡ
ɯź󣬶ľȻ
Ϊ⹬͢ˣ߶һ˫ۡ
¹ڹϱʾĲϲʽʱ򣬶ݺ¹ӡ
ԣһΪͬʵύòʲôô
һûôѣ͸ֵôƽȥάʲôûõѺùϵ
ڴԭ
ܳһʱɯ󶼹һֱ˹
˹żϯһЩҪĳ⣬ʲô󸾾ٰᡢᡭٰ˶뺯
Ĺ˵Բȥ뺯ܲ͡
ֻ򳯳ⲻ˻Ҫ顢뷨ٻߴһЩСϢ֮࡭
µĹ
ȴǡҶ֪ϲ
ôҪ˵ʱװ˷һ
ֱȥλ谮鸾˹ˡ
Ҫǰ߹õöࡣ
һĳЩãͽ˹ȡˡ
ǡ
˹ﳣͥУȴʼշʽ
ԣ֪׾ȻҪԼʱ򡭡
˵ȣ¹ѵõ¶һЩȤ
ţҲûӣ󷽷صݳ뺯˵ҪһȥϷ
µַʽȽ٣ȥԺϷʲôֵôСֵ.
һЩȽϺÿϷ֣ǰһЩҳԱǣܻյسھԺ￴Ϸ
ԣϷԺӵһλüõרðᣬÿ춼רŵȥ࣬ɨøɸɾһȾֻŹҳԱʱ򣬹ôһʱƬ̡
ˣ¹뵹ǲôȡ
ˡ¶һĨɫ˵ⲿ磬ԼǵҲǸϾĿˡµǾ䣬ǷŵĻʵѾôˡ˵ĴȴǸˡҪûǴĻϰĸסս˹
һͷɯ˵ĶԻ
ѵϱĳ棬˵ȥԺϷ
Ҫ֪λ»ûȥԺء
ǰǼϸ񣻻ǱڹС
˵룬ʱеӦֻ˼Ŷׯ̬չֵ̫ԡ
ڣ˹ôһĻ֪⻹ǶԷľ硣
͸ȤҲȥһˡ
ڹԱߡ
Ҳñֵ̫ȣֻװһڿǵӣĿȴǿؿ˽ס
ţ¹ʽôȥϷˣ
ȽԼı˾籾һᣬ˵˵ⲿݺȷо֮
ΪԵʣȥⲿһ
˵ԭ
װһɹĵӣ˵ǳȥɢɢġ
ڴ֮ǰزȷϸϵ£ͬġ
ԣʱһЩӡ
ֺŮԱйأٽϵЩ˵ŮϷӡԣ¹ԼˣȻΪ֮Цѵ룺СӣʲôԼıľ籾ŪңΪ˸ϲŮԱųɣ
ô˵¹ʵǺԸġ
ֻǲɣ
ѡݵӣǡͬճ̱ϵһ׮г̲˳ͻԡⲿӡͣ
ʱΪⲿͷѾ֪βľ磬ȥԼʱ䣬ͬɯ˵һȥ
׾ãֻȥҲǴĿģ߸˵ظˡ
ȵֻʣ¹˵ʱ򡭡
֮ǰ
¹һȻǳȥ棬ǾͰĵͳͳǣֻ濴ϷԼúõһ档
ɯʵѾôֵһʲôˡ
ֻûڴֻᡣ
ȻˣֻҲʼԼѧԷɡ
ԣ˹ĻҲûԡ桯ۣ˵ʲôԷĻֻ˵ͷ۾вԾ¶һ˿ڴĿ⡣
¹ֶ˼ϧ
ͷȥҽõûǺˣܲٸһӡ
ͬʱͽ׸߸ӭӡݲͬ
һõͬϢϰȴڰһ׮˵飺Ժ֮УͻȻʧһ˵Ļûôᱻ˷ֵģ
뵽ˣ֧ϸ׺ս˹ľΪɣҲһϷƱ
ȻԿϷûʲôȤ
Ȼϰڣ϶Ҫȥġ
ȵ˹ݵһ죬Ժﵽˡ
ǳֵʮͲСŮŸӣȺд󡢽ʲôǹӡʻ۸ͳͳߵˡ
Ϸ̨µһ㣬ؾˡ
ǰŴ󲿷һЩϲԱĻӡ
ʱǻͬŮҡΣĵȥϷϷЩС
ٿһλῴϷһڡ
һˣжһЩʲܹϷƱֲôرȨơǮԣֻͨ򿿺λ
˳һᣬװķþ͵͵Щм䡣
ǵģûʲôĿġ
ţһİᡣ
ȽΣԣŮԶһЩżҲа㣬ǸʱֻⱦͬΧϤ졣
ԶĹˡ
ŻӳϷûʽݣæܹݷá
ֵĳ¡
ͻȻ䣬˶վһʿñ
ȴԭɯˡ
һŮǵĴӵ£ֶ̬ׯسҵר˹ȥ
ǣԺ㲻ԼͬС˺ܶࡣ
̨ǰŵЩҲæڷŵḡ̬ա
ö˽ţôϷ̰𣿡԰ǰ˹䣬Ǹľͷšϡ棡ϡ棡ȻҲϷˣ
ô֣ôɻ󲻽⡭
ĵЩвĻǣòһ˵ɣһ̬Ťˣôׯصģ벻ұֵ̫Ϳˡ
׶Դ˺ο
ĵ룺ûװ׽һأˣҲǰﺣȷʡһЩҪС鷳
ȻһͷдϰȴЩԥˡ
һҰһЩɫ࣬Ĺ͢ǣʼҪҪԭƻ֡


46 
һ
һʼʱ򣬾Ժд󲿷˵˼ڿϷϣĻ˲֮ǰʲôʲôһӦǿ̨
ʱ̨ϵĺȷˣһΪż鲹ȹϵһɫΧȹһ׼Ůװ硣
ȫɾһ˲
ֻǺܶϷӶƾһ¶ױڵĿ⡣
ѡұصũŮװ̨һ׮ˡ
ǣڲ׷ɻĿ˹ȥ
ҵרðУһԺϷİɯʱ̨Ŀ⵹ǼΪרע档
仹һ̬ϵɫȴò׼ǵСһӽԺʼͽһ˫۾ùԲ˷Ŀ⣬̨ͷһֱ̨ͷô
ȷ˵һװ磬Ҳûʲôԣֻһ䣺µŮǣô𣿡
ͬĽ΢΢һ
ʶû֮ǰǶΣҲƲ϶ôãȷʵƽ˵ȷʵôģ·ӿɲôãɫҲôΪЩ·ͨᴩܾãѾЩˣƽҪһЩⲻմȾһЩۡ
Щ󲻳
̨ϵũŮװȻƼ򵥣ҲһصԣҲȫû취׿еľɺʲôӣֻûһ䣺Ŷ𣿡
رӣֻôһתĿ⣬½עе̨ϡ
һߣҲǱ˻Եʡ
׵Щ
Ժһ֡еĳϣȴжޡ
ͬʱͱڲͬ
ǰЩǵķӦҪ޳һ
ڵ˽źȷ˵װ磺˵ũŮװ絹ǱһȤζء
٣ȤĻֻȥЩתƸȦ׼һѴȲƻ
⻰šǶ붼ܳѽ̨ͬϵġС˵ȫͬ
Ǿôڵֹ˵˵ЦЦûûˡ
ڰڳûǰһ̨ϵŮԱֵ塢ˡ
ǣȷ˱Ҳֻûǵָָ㣬桢ܷȥ
žչЩҲصȥ
δ޸ǰġУһĻľƽģڿԼ򵥹Ϊ
ࡢũŮĳͻȻ˹ү˹Ŀ⡣
˹ע⵽ŮȴҪũÿ컹Ҫһ󡭡
λĵĹүԮ֣֮ļ򹤣ΪһΪеŮ͡
ڳϦУ𽥲˿Խײı顣
ϵľ޴࣬˹ջѡ
ںս˹ԭС
λүΪһûʽڵģֻȥĵطһӣ侲һ±ĴԣȻ󣬲ǵ˼ô
Щھ׺ͺȷ˵޸ĺ󣬹¾ͱˣ
һࡢũŮ
ЩҪũԼνʱȴϰΪֹۻġ
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ΪΧ˶ģԣҲѰ
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λүùָ̬߸ϣȴͻȻҪԼļ
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ԭİ汾ٿĹڴѾӭһ±ˣȵȣһģôﲻأ
ʵҲˡ
һ򵥵ӽת¾ȫһˡ
վڹү˹ӽǣһòŮ
վӽǣȴһүĪһϤӲһİ硣
˵ʽı籾һ𡭡
˹ɫҲû취ߵƤˡ
෴ıֶ˵һߺƻߡ
ƶȴƽҪʲôȡ
˹ȴòΪõ壬һԼ磬ֳİµʱ򣬰ڳһƬӣʩչƭȡȫκͰ顣
Ȼһ֮
ԣ֪Լ˺ӣ̨ĴߣֺµؿѰ˹ټʱ
˶ʶⲢǴǰǸ£ֻĿʼ
ڡһϾ硣
ڶ֪飬ûʲôȥ
Ҷһ߳죬һ߻죬ȵʵˣŻһûһƳһ̨ϣڽչ
ɾôſš
ͻȻôˡ
˹ĪҪׯ԰Ů͵ʱ
˹ȴʹׯ԰бżԽԽʱ
Ҳˡ
Ҳˡ
йڵĿⶼؼ̨ϡ
ǰŵЩҲЩôˡ
һǰŵ̲סΧˣ˼ǰû濴ϷǸĵһĻӵ𣿡
񡭡ǰɣ֮ǰҲġһ竲Ǻȷػش
Ϊ֤ԼûǴ
صػһ£ּԺܺõظһ飺Ҽǵõǡ˹ˣŮͣȻغ˸ţ̫棬Ȣݲ̫󣬱ˡûѽôڡ
𣿿ǡǰΪʲôû˹ôǷأ
ǣɫǰҲô𣿿ⲿ𣿡
ûҲǵã統ʱкܶŮ˵ϲɫģôˣ
ʱ³ִŵ̱˵ҵĹ۵ͬ෴ءҲûǷᣬã˳۶ˡ
ǰܾɫαҪװģ𿴴ʲôšɹף۲˼òʩչֶΣȥƭһ֪Ůͬ˯𣿡
ʱ˲죺٣˼ǲǰ𣿡
ոǸ˵̱˵˵ѽ顣괲Ⱞʧˡ
ԱߺЩ˲Ц˵úã˵
г಻ô竣Ҳľһͬûĵúã֮ǰиˣҲɵؽ˹ɫʲô¡ںˣҴһ˹䲻ʲô£ҲɫͬȽϣ
Ⱥ竡°ڳѾܵؿ
һ޼ɵˣһʱҲĲôס
ԣЩ̸ȻƵϿƣҲǲԱݵĳ̶ȡ
ΧЩڣʲŵһ۵ġ
ˣս˹㲻ǵԽԽˡ
֪ЩĶ
ڴ֮ǰ׺ͺȷ˶˵ǡɾ˹ӽǣѡվĽǶȣ½¡
Ҳûʲôѽ
Ȼȥ˿ûҲһġ
ս˹û̫ЩνĸĶ
³˽βһЩ仯⣬ӽǵĲͬӦûһġ
ʽݳؿ
һǵۺ󡭡
±Ƶط֣ѽҵĹôˣ
̶ԼԼһӿµ뷨ѵУ˹Ȼµ˹Ȼƻ𣿲ѽҲģֻҪҲûƭѽİģǰġ
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ôԩ
ΧԽԽַ˹֣ս˹Ȼ߲ѣҪʹˡ
Ȼ½Ŀת̨ϣȲҵʲô֤֤˹һƭŮ޳ܡåɫ
źǣڸı߽˿û˹ɫ˺װǻ⣬ʲôŵ㣬ԡ
ﻹʲô˹Ϸݣ
ȻСǾӦȫΧд
ĽǶ˹Ļ¹õİ֮Ҳ޷ڸǾһĪֲε޳֮ͽ
򵥾˵ԭľ籾У˹ӽкܶࡣ
磬˹鷿и̾࣬ΪŮͣ˹㷢һ⣬ȴݲ̫󣬶ʼ룻˹뿪ׯ԰ʱһʹĥ
ڽ׵¾籾УЩͻͳͳתӽǡ
ҲǣúõģͻȻ֪ͨҪȥŮˣү˹һͰ׳ЦһüƢԶһ㣻òүǰҵģȰյ˴ɵ˵ҪʱȴûӰˡ
йڵעȫֱ仯ˣĿⶼ̨ϡ
ǿһĻĻޱϤڣȴҲû취ǰ̾Ĳˣȭͷţ˹ԽԽˣʲôʺ̬ѽ˵ϲ˼ҵôϲ𣿼ģǷå
ս˹Ϊ˸ˡ
ǽĿͶԼĶϰѰοʣӣϷôѽ
һľҪҪɱ˵ϰϸ׵
⣬ûע⿴Ϸȫ̶˼롣
ѵõһλյĹ購أ
ǣϰ΢΢һЦ붼룬һػǻشȻǳˣ治ǸѪ
⻰˵úս˹ˡ
ޱϰþòһԡ
ϰֻûһãȻı顣
ͬʱֹţʲôѽѵҲ𣿡
ΪӦϸĳʡ
ңʱҲȷҪҪɱĵʱϰһע⿴̨ɡ
ͬʱĻ֪Լǻ
ҲһУֲרĳ˵ĶᣬͷźüλҲƱ֡
ԣĿǰ״̬һ߿Ϸһ罻
ǰȻΪ߷ģںʲô˹ֻͬ죬һ׹ϵûпԴлúôĵط
෴Ұе̨ϵľͺǶݡ
Ҫ֪λ¿ǴС̵ײ˵˻ġ
˿̣Ҳǿ̫ˣҲΪ˹һϷɫˡ
Ҳ̲סһ䣺˿ڿ˵ʵΪǺ˽ֲεġ
Ա߸һ䣺˵ǡ
Ȼһ̡
ɯ֪뵽ʲôɫȴ࣬һ䣺ϣ˶˵ġʱǴŮ뷨ġ
⻰
׾Щ̫ôǻˡ
ԿƣոǼ̾ԣѾʧˡ
ܿŽ΢΢ǸһЦ̨ˡ
ʱһĻѾչ˽β
˹ƭϴ󣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
ǰݲ˼ͳͳɾˡ
ԣܿľǣ
Լˣȥ˹Ҳ˹˹Ѿ뿪ׯ԰ȥأڲʹصڵء
Ժ·ƭŮı֮У
ǰһشһ䣺ڲôͷأ
⻰˺ս˹Ĭӡ
ȴҲǵúЩЦ˳
С
Ļ
һĻľˡ
Ǹĺľ̸̫۵ĵط
ǼĻº󣬾Ȼ˹ƣʲôȲʣһʱŴԹԵͬΧ˴
һЩйžɹ۵ˣΪƭᶨûסࡣ
粵ʲôߵŮһͲˣֻǿӲ̬ȣװһӣðԹ˵˵ΪûסңҲǲᶨһˣ
ôһЩ˷ü˵ʲôˡ
˹ġ
εĹ۵㵹һˡ
ŮŮ
һΪɫʵڲΡ
ս˹Ѿûʲô˵ˡ
ʼⲿϷһ˼ˡ
ĻϢʱǺܶݵġ
Ⱥս˹ĶľڶĻֿʼˡ
һĻȫȫǺȷ˵ĸϷ
ȫͶ뵽ĽɫУȫȫռ̨
ڵڶĻľУƭĿŮĶ⡣
ΪδжӣŲĴ˵ͬʱҪһӤȻһ죬ǿӤ
ǸӤֻһߡ
ȷҲǴԼʧȥǸӣݵöޱȣһеĵӤһ
Ӥȥʱ򡭡
ҲǰЩԱݵôţ˺ѷΡָأǱźӣţֵ͵͵غҡ·Ǻֻ˯һ㡣
öڶΪ֮ᡣ
ûһ
ͷβҲֻɢŵˣֶغţĪܡ
ȷֳĸ·ܴΪ֪Ĵ
˵ķ·һ£ϸϸۡ
ԣҰеİɯ¡
뵽Ǹĺӣ޵üҪιȥ
ȴǰο
ֻƴЩŮǴɫǰȰ˵
ԺеĺЩŮҲǿ޸ͣ
һЩ˶ڵۣĨĨ۽ǡ
еϰ˺һ
ȻͻȻ૵ðһ䣺ףǵĸ𣿡
ĺս˹ֱӽӲˡ
ֻ򡭡
ϣбε
ԼΪԭݵԼͬ˵ϷҪѯԼӵĻ䣡
ս˹ûԡǷˡ
ֻϣ˵ϷܸϿ꣬ȻԼܷɱص䣬ţװ


47 
һ
ڶĻʱ򣬾ԺһЩǵ
Щ׸ȷ˵ľʱݵġ
ΪһĻڡ
ڳľʿǳɥʱΪĸĸ飬дЩ⣬ʱ仹ǺѶľʲôдġ
Ϊľܿ
оǿһֻè˹ı
˵ͬ飿
ʲôͬģ
һûеġ
ҸǸ̾ʶ˲˲硯
һ
ŵڶĻ͵ĻмϳĻϢʱ䣬Щ˲
ҪЩʳŲһֱҧš࣬ܡ۵㡭
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˵ЩӣɣҲôôǿǺõġ
෴һͷ
ԵľмĻӵ˻ᣬͬԱŮҫһԼ
ˣǺݺݲ˾е˹Ϊ²طһӢ߼а˵ЩɵŮѽôױαƭΪǸĳŵʮֱȴ֪ĳŵûô׶֡
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ԱмŮ̲رԹ˵ŮζȲһİԼ𣿡
˸ĳŵȻŴ𣿡
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þŽ뿪Ӱ̲סȥ룺ˣƺԶûбϿôƽѽǰ׾ʲôΪʲôᣬȴƺһЩأ
¹̽󣬲˽쿴Ϸ飺ϲ𣿡
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ǣԷЩ̸Ȥȼһ䣺ƽƽ棬ڽ
˭֪ɯԴ˾ȻܳԾϿɹ½ֵ𣿡
˵ҿЩʿԴ˺ܲء
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˵ΪʲôϿأҾã˵ǺܺõĽ˰
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Ϊ˵ġֳָ˹鸾
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λ¶ʧȤ仹Щ󣬵Ѿ˽ʱˣһǮ͡
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49 
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ڶ죬ı汾ġȡ˳ķ졣
ǵ̸ϷĵطҪ¸ıġúõһ
ֻ˷߷߲ƽⲿʮ˷Ѫ!
ңΪ˾һڡ
ΪдһּΣյ˼룺ɿŮɱˡ
ΪˣЩӲڼдɧΪŮ鰮ϵһСìܣҪⲿڣҲ̫ˡ
ѵһֻǲٰһŮˣҪΪ֮Ĵ𣿡
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˵ˣѵȺú÷ʡһ𣿾ȻҪɱˣ
찡ѵŮԳûн̵ΪŮԵ𣿡
ꡢ͡ӡĬЩͳͳѧĶȥˣ
Ȳ˵ЩŮˡ
ֻ˵Ծ͵˸
ֱӽƭͱıҡͳͳ赭дؼ򵥹Ϊˡ
·һŮı磬һͨͨ鰮
˾һ
ɼҪĻƺֱȥͬǲߵĲͬ
ɵȵѾؽˡ
ԷϿɵĻգҲֻǰ׷ѹ
ˣÿʱ򡭡
ЩŮˣǿӲʲôֻ¶һЦЦı飬һѲüõķԼϣڵǵ棬԰ôζһ䣺ô𣿡
ͨɧ̱졣
׻һƬ
ǲ˵µģ
ȶˣҲˣ
Ȼò˵ǡ
ⲿĳ֣ȷʵúЩ˵СܴܵӶܡҴܵæµԽѣڼУЪҵЩ졣
ΪֱˡǲʶԭŮǲϢѽԭ뻻µʱȻҪǵŭͳޡ
⣬ԭӾҲһΣְҵһڲƽԼǣš˯ŵʱ򣬱Сĵػӡ
뵽ĸӲɪɪѽ
⣬ĵ¼ҲΪⲿһ㴫ɫʡ
ǵľҲǳڽʱµҪֳһЩɱ١Ĺ۵󡭡
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ΪˣеĻȫж
δѵ˼ѵûذﾯйϵŮͳͳһ顣
Ͼ˿ĺݵŮӣҳҪȻһԼǵ˶Էˣ
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ҲѰΪϵûͬ˭չڵĸ顣
ңʱҼˡ
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ԣʵɫذæףϹࣩЩ⣺ǾһЩŹ֣ıɱǿž磬ͻȻȥȥˣ
ϲ˭ѽû˵ϲʲôŮˣϲñȽ⡣
²̫˵ģڡ
Ϊϵ飬ҳ֣ٲҪἸˡƽʱȽϲ곤Ůԡ
ͷλһڣˡޡһ̶𡮼Ժ衯ľʶӡ
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¹΢΢һЦ˵ҰɷɣһҪûϣǾЩˣǲأ


50 
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˹˵ɫĻɷһƬ
ֻоз·иʲôƵʱ͵һ׹һʱʧòУæʣʲô˼ʲôнɷѵ˵ѵ˵㲢ҪĺΪʲôΪʲôҪȥޱѽ
¹ôһм䴭ʻϵıͲ¶һķ
ǿǸδӵϣǾеĲͷӣͬ˹˽㶼ʲôѽΪǺӺãҪȥ˵ѽˡ
˹˵һۿ
ſ˵㶼ȥ޸ˣԸ⺢ˣ˵ʲôԺӺأ
Ϊ˶֪ǸԭɷȥЩʱˡ
²ͬ˵ôһ⺢ӾͱȻܱɷŸˡ
ԣǲϽĻ˷֡ͬԸɷһӣһȴҲ⺢ӽ˵ģ˵ǲǣ
ǡͲȢǼ޸㣬ʲô¶𣿡
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¹Ĵǲ΢΢һ˿ȣ٩ţǰ˵ԻǰˣһϯŶˡ

׻֪ôıڹء
ʱ䣬һֱڸȷ˰һЩܼСæ
ڡԵʡ
λ˷ǳؽʶ˺ЩŮˡ
ЩȫĽԼŵģ
ҲһЩڿʱͻȻܵ˺̨ǻཻ˼仰󣬾ôһˡ
ЩŮձ鶼һľûҲǮȥϷ
ǵݵλֲرøߣˣͬȷŮԱѡ
ô˵һ𣬴ҵһµġ
ԣǾҵ־ͬϵСһʱʱҪһȺȲ裬죬飬̸һԭ
һ죬֪˭ͷȻ˵ʵеһЩ顭
ھӼҵһŮ򹤣ϰ˵ɵĻɣԣ¸𣬱㲻ٸˣֻһЩʣµ
ͦģһһҷҹŮнˮҲһ롣
ʱһŮͻȻ죺ⲻ𣿡
ھУĺ֮Զԭ΢Ĺʻ⵽Ƿ
ǣ̾һ˵ʱ˶˵ϷšʵϣʵϷҲûʲôˡ
˵ǵٲõ
ȷȻҲ⡣
ʵϣ뿪˵֮С
Ƚʱͽᡣ
ϡ棡ô˶оأ
װ룺ĥƣȴôˣǼˣ
룬źȷƲֵӡ
׻밲οһ£ٻߣô飺ô˵ɣ죬ͬ˵һᡣ
ȷ˺̧ͷ᣿
ưΣеŮ԰ɣ͹ٷˣûʲôʸ񡣡
˵׻ԥ˼룬̫ȷӦӦü˵ȥ
գ˵ˣʵЩǣȤ˵ҲԳһЩƵЭᡣ
Э᣿
ҲԽйᡭô˵أǣŽԼùͬˡһϰٴͼǷʵĻҾͻ˵ˣ˭Ҳȥɻ
ȷȻؿ
ױЩˣС˵ʵͬ˵
ȷȴЦˣΪʲôأǸ⡣

ȻĿʼΪŬˡ
šⲿ磬ɸѡһͬ۵ˣһ齨һªЭᡣ
Ϊ̫٣Ĺģ
ʱͽŮЭˣĿǰĿΪ˰ߵŮǣճǽ̴֣̽ѵŮҹ䵽ľ֮УʱʱظǽһЩǿϢС£Žᡭ
˵ģ״۶Ϊһ׮ûʲôôĿ¡
ںŽᡣ
̫࣬ڼǰʲô
򵥾˵ǿܷѾ˼ոհһŮ㶨һݹ
תͷȻй忴ˣȥˣǣֻûʹְӴ˹˱幩Ľ˿ȸ
Ҳܹ
˶ϣӡ
ܴӴ˱ǸúչһҲС
ɴҶ֪ǻϵģҲϲɵġ
֪֪û취ֹ
ԣʲôЭᣬȫ۲ֺá
ȷճ΢΢һЦҪͷ
ñǰһˮӣҶѾϰƵˣôȥˮӾԶˮӡ
һ죬ͷһţԽԽҲѧŵһˣöˣֻÿ˶ͷһ
ʱһܽˮûġ
ԣĿǰֻҪȥ£ͷá˵Ժܹܲɹװģ𼱣ʱ֤һС
ǣʮָӵӦְд˺ЩõĲϡ
ֻǡǵһԻһȺŮУ˵ȥʵڲôԵʡ
дЩϵʱ򣬱ͼ˽
ôһȥ
ȻĪ˸ŮЭĸ᳤
ףͷβ涼û¶ѽ
ͱķ֪ˡ
ƶҲûϵǡ
Ҳӣȴνʱ
λãһɵֻ̾ײŮ
ףллûŮ
˵úܱŮһ
ķھһܡ
ЩϣһͨͿ䣬žͿʼϣȥдʲôʣǵĹôأ
ţһ͸ͻһžҹ
ҵأ
ΪʲôƴɻȴԲ
ǹ𣿡
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һ뿪ûû˵ķҵʱ򡭡
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λЦ˵Ҫͬ㽲һ׮ء
׺棺֪ʲôأ
˵һ˰ˡ
գգۣõͬʵϣԴҰ˽ݣ˵˵ĶӺȷʵ˰ҵģΪǶŽܳɲء£ͬ㽲Ȥĵһ˾λʱкܶԼûֵأ
¹Цˡ
˷ļǵڽ׵ļһ£Ц˵ѽװôͷԵģģε˾ĵġҲÿʲôˣԼѾһλĲˡ
׺ɵؿŹŶôأ
ֱЦ㲻ҪԼôûѽ˭أ
Ȼ㽫˹˵˵˳
ף
ð죬ŽͰ͵˵ǲаɡ
죺ʲôУ
λش𣺡λǰĽµġ
ƽ͵˵ұϾֻùǻˡ
־˵˵ˣȻܲá
ڶҲȤˡ
ƴǣһظ֪ҵȰ˵£Ѿת⣬ΪǷǳˣ
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ȷʵˣڶ㷸˼䣬΢΢ͻʱʱҪͷΡ
ŶҶˣǲǻʳûȣŵһҪ£
ˣԡ
ԣʲôأ
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ˣǷôѵˣͻ𣿡
¹º͵ػش𣺡⻹ù³ֻû취ˡ


51 
һ
׳ʱ̬ƽͣȫûʲôߵĸо
ֻѾ֣ЩҵŮŮ˶Ǻ޳ܵ˽޵ߵĳ̶ȣΪ»ǳ˽˵ĸܺС
ǽΪκˡ¡ڣ潻ġ
ԣ¹εΪҲˣҪҳһİ취
˹ݵλɣЩǷȱɲʧΪһòˣλò⼸Լĳ谮ôҲ罻ȦеŽɫлϵ
·˹أȻĿǰ˵ףԼżæϣܹ鲻һ˽ӣҳէǲȡ
ԣܽϣ״̬Ӧȫġ
һ˹ܽ˽⣻
·˹Ҳܽӵ뵽ϲ
ټϣϲǱ֮ˡ
ºʩһЩչˡ
ôһҸøĺô
˶ջһ£
ź
Ǻܺúܺã
ɽʵúƾնһ
ֻǵܾϹȥȻʲô֮١
ԣɴϴӦȴڰĵĥôܼԵԼ޹ͬʱһλˣҲ˹ͷƻⳡԼ
ȥͷһʱ临ӷҡ
ͻȻ뵽Ҫľɻ飬̶뵽ܻҪٰһɴ˱뵽ѵʱ⡭
ͻȻһ˼·૵ţô˵»мֿɲÿռѽ
ǣȽĥ˸߰˰˺ͰչҪȥ˹ˡ
˹˾ͺܺЦˡ
֪鵽ôһ£Ҳ֪飬޷һ߳ȴϣȫΪԼ㵹װģذڳһߵӣҧ´˸۹ȥ·ĴʲôĽĳУʮֽرʾɺ񰮣̫ͻȻˣҪϸǼ졣
ʮֲͷ
罻ȦֻǸˣ˹һǸ˲ڣĴҲĴ˵
ԣǰŮ˲ݵ·³ƲһҲ֪ŵġ
ǽʱ䷢һЩ顣
磬Ѿ䵭ȥʲôߴƣЩŪ˴ӡϢ˵˲֪˲ˡ
ˣôװǻƣ㲻ôȥˡ
ңҲˢŮ˵ĺøУ΢΢һЦװ˵˼޸ңȷʵίˡҲ֪ԭһЩغԭġЩغԭҲϸ˵ˣЩзԣˡ
˹˴ؿ·㲻˵ʲô
һԣֱܵһװɵӣæٵر⣺ʲôԣڹһСϲҵҥأ˵ʲôˣѲ˵Ҵڲʲô̥ǣ˵ʲô׵ġڶĲ֢𣿰׵úܣ׵úܣûǻµġ
̲סЦһ£ЩΣ֪˵ȫ˵˼ֻý˵һЩִ˵˼٣ȻȥϸںʵʵӹĽ飬ԣˣǾͶҪ˴˵ʱ˰ɣ
˹˲װɵϷʱŭ
ǰǰ谮ԣ˶Ҫһ˵ӣֶɫʱʱЩѵʹһ֡˼ҶĶĴ
ͻȻһֱ׵رʾҶ㲢Ȥ̬ȣֿίʵֱӵ˵˻ֻһףǡĽ顯̶ְʾԼҪǣЩ¡
ʵֿɺ޵Ҫ
޶˶˾һĸо˶δɷʮֵĲ
ΪݲҲװɵˣֱӽӴŲ¶һ˫׺ݵ۾ݺݵصŽףҧ֪ô£ң㲻±¡
ҾãҲûҪȥܱ˷޼°ɣ
׹øӵȥˣǽ˻飬ͬɾûʲôˡʵʵʵ˵Ҿãڿܾͬûʲôˣ˵׼뼱ڰءҲὨߣˡ
˹ְʾʧĻڶΪһĺӡ
⻰һڣЩͷ㷣Իʧԡ
ֻϲᣬ˶Ǽ˽ЩúܹˣȴҪװһ覡ؾصˣԵ档
ո統ӣԵø³Ͳˡ
Ȼλ˺Ҳ룬ֱܿ׳ˡ
ֻãǲͬģˣȻͬ˯ˣԣҲͲһŮˡ
ԣ˹˵ֱͦ˺󱳣һƶӣҫ˵²ŲǲأǵҺͺӽлҪһޡҸɣ·˹öҷ𾴵պеĺô
ײͬؿ̾һҡҡͷ
̬Ͷǵ˹Խл˵ƫƫ⸱ָ˭أ
̾Ϣ˰Ȼ欣ȴʵǼ򵥵úѽ
Ȼ󣬲˹ٴηŭֲŲæؼ˵ѵʹûͬҽ˻飬⺢ϵĸңԴ˿ɾʧȥ˹֮ӵݣӴˣҲ޼̳λĿ˰
˹ⷬſ죬һȻı顣
Ϊ۽ʵС»˺ӣҲĳ谮ΨһҰҲǳΪҵ
˵λļ̳ˣ
Ȳ˵ĿǰֻǸ鸾ֻ˵¹긻ǿ䣬һͻܵЩĹءȻҲͲȥôңԶ顭
˵ҲйԼ뷨
ʵȥ롣
ڣȴͻȻˡ
ɵûȥĥϵȻװģ˵˵ʲôôأԭһŮҪġ
ֹЦЦؿȴ˵ȥˡ
Ȼλòؾһ˵ֱǸʲЩðˡĻҲ£˵ģϡңҪ˵ȥˣҲǲ˵ġ
һ£Ȼ˵ҪǼ졭
⵹Ӧ£̫ܲԴҪһġԣҽҸˣЩݷðɡ
˹˱ôһˣͷתˡ
ͷԼ򵥣ȴ֪һЩǳ·ģղż˵ô࣬Ϊ˵ԼĿģƩ磬ͬˣƩ磬һЩ顣
û뵽ôһͷ͵ҡ֪Լȴתˣ
ȫĿģֻڿһߣҪ԰һ֪Ƽһ㡣
Ҫһʡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬽׾͸һ㣬ɿûӰˡ
˹˲һӵ
ķҵ룺ԣ鵽ǽãǲأ

Ȼǽᣬǲᣡ
׶¶ģȻҪһˡ
ֻ϶ҪڵϾеġ
ʱ򣬱ƼһȻĸ³
ǣȲ˹ͷûʲôһ
ôһ׮ڣѾӦµĺ٣ԼҪͬ˹˹֮µ˾֪
¹֪ȷʵʮο
õ룺ֵܣͬǸ˽Ȼͬء
ò˵ǡ
˵Ķͬ˹ˣʵ벻һе˼ˣ
ˣϢһ
˲е罻ȦһԾɱŻ⣡
һʱ䣬˶׮Ļ¡
ô˵أ
ֻ֪˵Ѿιȥضˡ
Ŷ찡ĵˡ˵湻ܵˡ˽Ӵ˽һͬͷӣҪϱ˵νǼŲң
˵ģҪûôֻĻһĻ
û취ѽ˭ͷǸʲôĲΪᣡ֮ǰҵһ˸ץȥǶˣҺö춼˯þǿɱǸͷˣ
ҸɴһϢɣ˵ͷѾǸʲôΪɢˡ
ϲɺأôһŵĶϱҲûǸάȥ˰ɣ
һʱ䣬һЦһֱ޵泩С
۵˱Ͼֻ˳㡣
ⲻҲҪһµ»ǶԷ򸾡
ʵ˹˵ҲˣȢҲ
ȷʵ˵ģ룬·˹Сӵĳ࣬ǰѵһֻòĻҪ˵˹˻ûء
ô˵˴һ𣬲Ŀˡ
Ŀˣֻе˷Դˡ
ҵôãΪ²˷Դһԡ
Ǹ˵˵ʱͻȻͶ˶٣һӣѹʹ˸ɫָί˵һϰȷء
һ˵ССЩԾȴ¶˷ܵɫ˼Ǳ¶ǡ
֮ǰ󵨲²λʱˣװһ޹ӣ΢Цһ̯֣٣ҿʲôû˵
ˣ˵ˣͬһȺˣཻ˼ζ΢Ц
ȵϵʱ򡭡
˵ֻһʱ䣬ԱѾ˳˳ش罻Ȧˡ
һء
׺һּƻûʽʼͷѾҵرԼˡ
ˡ
һ仰Ըͬ˵ˡ
ɺȵҹһ䣺ҪȢǸ˹𣿡
еļƻǿ϶˵ģֻװһεӣϢȥˣѵм𣿡
ɺȲɺȻ˹˲Ǳµôܼ޸أ
Ϊ޸֮ȻҲͲǱµˡײͬмЩйس˵潻⣬ֻڷܵػش
ɺһʱ⡣
뷨УһֵĽ飬˶ҪȥС˶ҪȥηӴʲôʲôЩĸֹĹأͳͳ֮ˡ
ڵǡ
ԭ˾һְҵں󣬻Ҫ˵ģ
ôһ롣
ƺҲ缸꣬ûʲô˼ˡ
ɺ̾һ
Ҳü˹˵£ֻԹįˡ
׻֪Լһγɹñ÷һ롣
ץʱķϢȥҪԷȥߴλƶ¡
λôʾܲȡж̶֮ǰ˵õĽףʱЩϵ̫ˣʵڲУ׻ȡΪ
ƶԴͬС
֮һֱûвȡжԵʣȫΪﻹһڡ
λ˷ǳԼ˿ʱ߸ǰ󣬶һЩ鷿γҲͽ˿˽ǵƶʮŭֻڻʱ򣬲š
񣬷ѾȻȵòͷˡ
ƶҲãôȥǾûûˡ
պã
ϼл
ôһǸϰҲҪȥμӵġ
Ȼˣ
ԴҶһˣ
÷Ѿȥɱ˵ţԼò棬ֻɸ˽Ǯǣ˽ף֪ͨϰȥڡƣ
ôһȦƺûʲôġ
̻ϢķǶֵʱ䣬ȻǵϾٰһ졣
ƶû뵽ǡ
߸ոնһƻ
һͷҲʼį˳
λ۸ֵ͵ĹҪƶͬһȥλı
Ϊˣдʡߵ˵üزˣҲܲίɴǹظһ
ƶһʱ޵üҪͷ
ֻӹúúõģ䰵ЩıɱĹȴѹһսıĴ¡
ңҪıҲΪԼ
Ϊôһ
ȴ·¶˾ġ
ӴռȵȻƶ棬ʼɲټĸţܹĵسﱸıλˡ
ɵǡ
µʱ䣬ҲǵϾлһ졣
ǸͷӶĹӽ飬ͬ鸾飬ԡ
²˵ʮа˾ǻᵽġʱ򣬱ǵĻˡ
ƶ룺ĻᣬҵĻᡣ
һҲͬһ·ߵڣӦ˼䣬ȴʼĥôˡ
һͷٴɹ
ʱ˹Ѿ֪ԼûʲôŮ˼ˣɺ޵ǣû˼ȴƻڳһԸӡ
ˣ²ɣαȫԼˡ
ʱԼⲻҪ¹Ĳ֡
ǻƺͲȴ޴˵
ϣòֻȴӦ顣
ֻﻹǲģ֮ǰ˵Ǿ䡮Ǽ޹ȥӱû˼̳ʸ񡯡
ˣ̲ס̽һ䣺ϴͬ˵Ǽ㣬Ҹкӱ㲻֮ӵ飬ʲôķ𣿡
˭֪һĴȻ޹ʲôû˵ѽˣԲãԣǴˣ
˹ֱ˸
ῴҴʼո㲻СӺ«ﵽʲôҩֻԼезһ㣬޴ֻͽ͵ؿзǯź㵽ǲҪȢңȻҪȢΪʲôͬ˵ЩǲȢôһأ
ɱˣѲǳĥҵģˡ
һգҪ⵶ʳһƵģǲȻȫˣ


52 
һ
ԺѵҪյ𣿡
˹˶ž˵ǻˣҾȻǸļͷӳϹϵ
Ժ㲻ûҪͬһ¡
뵽̲סһŻµı飬̶ţǲ߶߶ģñΪܹܽң
ʱǻǰϦ
˹˻ĵزԸ
뵽֮ǰ˵Щڼ̳ȨĻ
ͺ޲̷ڣȥ󺰣ȡ׮˵Ļɡ
ڷЩˡ
ֻǰе׼Ѿɴ˳
Ҳض˴ǰһŵڻǰʱһּɣʹ»ޣڵλϣǱ˴˰ˡ
ּüΪѵá
ֻ¹侭ڿͷһЩơúøɣ;ĳŵҪʱȴҪϸʮꡣ
ϾͬҪǮҪ١Ҫλʵ̫ࡣ
һ֮Ҷġ
Ҫ֪ҲӦοһ˹أ
ˣΪҲҪһʱʱϸ㣬ؽϵš
Ʃ磬ǿǣһλԼܵõٺôܽ˽⣿
ԣ˿ּǼģȻһʹͷⲮ
ʵϣڹԣȴȫƺ˵ġ
ɣֻôһݾλȥ
Ȱ˵ˣʾԳʵӵĺ񰮣ּӽԼ鸾˹˵˽ΣԼĺҲ˸ùޣ
ͬʱ˭Ҳ֪ģչص˽ֵ·˹
νһã
һ׬
Ҳԭ򣬽ײŵҡһ䣬س·˹--
еľ˲֪·˹֪Ҫ˵顣
ֻؽλͬ˹ϵϣһʱ߶Ľ
ģ벻ֻҪȥ棬Ȣһֺôǿһ
ʱ㻹ûͷʲô治ģҪʲôãһ˵˾λ˭ֻںϵͬ˭˯һأ
֪Ҳȥ˹ˣ
ޣҾȥѲΪȥ飬˼ҾͻҲԼʲôӣû·˹ǰ˶ĵò
˵ǡ
ģײƽնҪ֪ôһ׮ˡ
˹ʵǺǽġ
һԭ
һԭҲȷʵ˳ڹ͢һЩԵʣˡ
ô˵鸾飬ȴ˾֪ǧȷġ
ˣȷ˵֪Ϣ󣬺Ϊ׵һ
Ů֮飬ֱֲѯʡ
գԥίһ䣺ϲλ˹˵ƢƺǺܺá
԰ƺȥˣŮ˽ĳ̶ȣֱܱ˷ˡ׺˵
ȷǷѽʣҪͬ˰
ױֲܻػش𣺡ʵҲһͽóɣ᲻ɵĻԴϲˣʮа˾ҲǷ־ġΪǹǲҵġ
ǡɾȫûмͥܰҸ˰
ֶѹͲָġ
Լܾܾ𣿡
ǣ֮
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ЩԷѹͷĿ⿴е飬þûзһҳһ̾˵·˹˵ǲʲôطأƽյӲùҲˣôЩӣҲһֵĲùأ
ͦһ⽨ᶼôġ
ĩˣ˶٣ֽڷѵĻ˻ȥֻ˵ˣҿŰɣҪԽԽء
ȷҲûֻ̧ͷָһ䣺ôңֻϣԼΧ˶ƽƽͬ𣿡
ӡ
ֻ΢Цش𣺡Ȼͬġ
ȷֿһų׷Ź£µͷȥе鼮ˡ
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ֻȷĿƺ磬·Ҫȥ飬Ҫȥһˡ
ȻδҸ
ӦҲﲻĳ̶Ȱɣ
ĪǣµҪʲôΣյˣ
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ȥҲ˵ĲΪ˻һ¡
ת룺±˲µһЩʲôҲ°
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ԣֵĻɱˣѾɽ׽ˡ
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ȸ㶨˺ɺȣλԸǿơŮԣͻ¼ʱںŪȥԲ⣻
ฮеǣǾ͸ýˡ
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һСʱڣǲᱻ𴩵ġ
⣬ϸڴƺ⡭
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顭
Ǿ͵ÿķˡ
Щ飬ȻҲںܴΣա
ķ˵ԳΣա
ͬƶ⣬ӦԿϰЩпʶǷݣ̶Χǵľ;ӡ
ʵ̫
ֻ򣬳±졢׷ܡ
˶Դ˶Ѿϰˡ
׻ǸһЩ飺ǼȻоݵ㡢֣ھҲҴŲšͷûһЩҳҲڻߡ
ķ֪Ǻ⣬Ȼͷͬ⡣
֮ǰͬƶͷҪȥ֣෴˶˷ױ¶ٺۼûЩˡ
Ҫˡ
ֲɵٲҲҪټһЩֹ֣;ʲô
ţһЩϸڡ
ȷϳûʲô˵ģֻ迴ֳӺ󣬽׾͸뿪ˡ
Ȼһͷȴֳ˸¹ʡ
Ϊƶˡ
ôңʲôأ
¹ش˸ǷȻڰʾԷԼĿǰûʲô̸۹µȤ
¡
ƶǹ߳ɫ˵ǰ첻Ҫȥμλ·˹Ļġ
¹ʱټװǷװˡ
ɻʣŶôأ˲ɡ
ƶش𣺡ǵֻҪȥμӻĻмǿΣյġ
Σգ¹׽ʡ
ϵЦʧˣҲһЩʣôҾʲôΣأ
ҲǺȷпܷ
Ŷ˵Щ˵˵Σأ
ƶһԥı顣
һ̣ǺɵػشˣԺ
⵹ôܡ
¹˵ҼҪͬǸӵǰˣȴȻҪ
ƶĬţ屣һʱܹѯı׼̬
¹ȴ·ûһԹԵس˼š
һƬĬ
ã¹Żع˷αϣһĮζıǰλˣż˵ϢίʵҪĹǵͨǲ͵֮أ
ֻǣװĲˣܲͬҽ
ҪܣǴʲôط֪̽أ
롭
ɵҲڽ£ȥͲɵ˵ɣ
ƶش𣺡ر£ֻһʱ䣬˶ס
ΪϵĴ𸴣Ŀ

ʱ׻ûʶƵ̨ϣϾͻӭһûڼƻеĲ֮͡
ң֮͵Ӱ졭
һλҪԱƶڷԼϷ
ԣ׵˯µʱ黹ƽ
һһзЩ˷ܣЩ꣬Լÿһ£ͺ¡ŵûֻŽţͷðЦŸ̾ھԽԽӦء
һ쵽ʹô˼ʱʱҪʡһµȡ
һλĲˡԵûûζˡ
˹һױ硣
ⳡڴʱ̶ڻڻıԵҡڲ
ܻױݣƯƯĻɴȴԶ޷ܵջ
ңﲻ⻹ôһͷܴעĿ޾ס˵ҲҪע⵽ңӶڵؿҼޱأ
ͷԽװþ
뵽˶עԼǺ޲һ˿أ
ȻЩ̫ףΪˡ
ˣֻ÷תװԼҪõòùһ
ΪˣŶӣʹŮǸĴӣͼϸһЩٽЩûԷ𣿡
Ů̫֡
ֻеԵʣλ˱仹ʲô仯ʵϣΧѾôһôգҲûеʱ򣬷пܻ˵ӡ
˹˵ʱ
ˣŽŵطƢӣġĶӣϾҪĸһˣʱɶѿ
ΧŮæοַǻУҲȫŮˡ
ңĸŮίʾ˵ϾǹĺѽʵҲȫˣֻԿôһ˵ỽµĸ
ȻںӶûӰʱ򡭡
νĸǱȻֵˡ
⻰Ǹ˹ο塣
Էôתץʱȥоʲôˡ
˻쿪ʼʱ䡣
һαӯˡ
ֻҶ֪˺عأͶûʲôġ
Ҫһ˹ͬ˵ײľʳ棡
нӵˡ
ûһȱϯȫμӻˡ
źǡ
ȫ̰һ˿ʲôЦ
׵װһ£΢Цվſӭ͡
ȫʲôũĺۼˣĹŽƵģҲǲʼõĶӷƣһѶ̵Ƕıʯ⣬оֹǷǣųһλˡ
ңǵȳԾɫ֮ͽ⣬˰ڲϾ͸˿ЭĹִУЦŵʱ򻹺˵Цʱ򣬾ЩĮĮòҲǺܶ˵ġ
ˣкЩ˽ţȴǻſڣʱʱػͷȥ
˹һ·ŵĹˣסͬ˵ҵ죡ѹ˹Ը޸Ҳ̫ЩȲѣͷˣҶԸġ
ԱߵҲͷ˼۹ȥ
ϧֽȫע˵ϡķϰ
ķðһ֣ɹػ˽
ֻʶһԣ֪ΧûһðķԱ
ķԶ
ϰҲżˡ
ûеһʱ׽ˡ
ӦǻڵеǸѾķĳ֡
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¿̫ãע⡣
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˹װ׵˳
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̫ˣˣվڽԱߵʱĪؾЩˡ
ͦΣֵഺ˵ʱڣ
ǰȴ·͸ĺ޹ӣָһƤ֭ˮ֡
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µˣҲ˵һˡ
Ǳ˴˵עڱ˴˵ϡ
˹ֻųճյȥ£ָܵñһˣ
Ϊƶܵ׮£Ȼ鰮Ŵ˲ֻĥһıΪ
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ʱ䣬ҸڣߣӶһԷķͬƶɽס
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¹ͻȻ˵ˣȥһ𣿡
Ȼܾ
˵¡
ţ¹ȥº͵ػţƶƶҲһɡ
ǣһֱںͷûʲôڸеƶҲ˳ޱӦһǡ
Ŀɿڴȴ޼ƿʩ
ؿĿꡯ͡ˡһһҵվڹ࣬ȻЯ鷿
ͬһ㲻õ˻˹ˣôװ磬ȴûܻľˡ
ͬ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¹ıӰｫͬƶһͬʱϺ޹˼ɵһ䣺Ǻˣ
û
ʱȻЩ䶯Ϊڿڵġ
ֻ򣬹˵ˡ
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ʱټɼƻҲ
û뵽ǡ
¹˺ƶߺ
ȲˣҵȲˡ
ֱȵķˣҲû˻


53 
һ
ײͬ˹˽顣
ԣ˵ļԣ˰ķ⣬ʵŸⳡһá
Ͼɵ׵ˡ
ѲɻҪȥ
񣬵˸Ź뿪ûء
һõĺüƻͲòͣˡ
ôأ
˼ȥǵùȥҡ
ɣȻֳɵģ
Ҫʼɵĸôܲڳأ
ȥ֮ǰ
ĸķһ飺Ҳܳɹõ˼㹻Ļɴúù۲ƶЩӣζסǸܸͬǽ׵ˡ
Ϊ
Ȼ֮ǰԼý춯֣˵ˣ³֮󣬵סôǱȻǴǮġ
ԣ֮ߣֱӰǮ˾ߡ
Ļڣ
ʹ˫ĺϵѡ
ֻƭǮ
º󻹿˵ɱ˺û飬ʹñɱ߳©֮㡱
ܶԷŲţôǸѵɡ
ֱǮǾǴ˺
պ̸
е׵ʧûϸ˵
Ϊ֪ķ϶׵ġ
Ȼ
ķȻȷʵ˼һеĿԡ
ǵƶթյԸԼνɱ֯ҪǰɱеĲΪ
ķͻȻãԺ治ûͬٴκĻᣬôǮߣƺƺҲУ
ͬʱ
ڽΪǷѾߡ
ϰǱһһֱˣʱ׼˽׵ʱץţġ
û뵽ţš
˱ˡ
ôһеģ뷴ѾģǸ׿϶û취ˡ
ǣѵõʱһӶķˣתĿͶʲŹ뿪ķ򡭡
Ǹλյĳ購鼫Ϊˡ
ֻڴ֮ǰǳܹźӣСǰһ飬ң¶οĽ顣
¹һţƶֱ˶ȥţû仰Ĺ˱Яȥ
ڼ䣬˵ֻƬˡ
¹۷綼
ﻹʲô購
ڹ·һ·ˡ
ϰܵǿҵ
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ǡãһ̧ͷֻɡ
ҲǸ˵˽ͻȻ뿪Ҳ֪ȥʲô
ϰ΢΢һ
Ը˼ķԼ򲻻⣬ȥ˵ˡ
ʱ˹һϢŷ
Ź²ڣǷ޹Ⱥ±ҲЩĿǰǺͲ鲻ԸԣɴáױݡڣϢٳٲȥ
ʱϰ˽
òس˹˾һֵһá
˹ɫѾӹǱʧϰվվ̬Ⱥذ˰֣Ҳѽϰô㲻ͷͬ˳Ծƣʲô
ϰЦ˵صΪЧġ
˹ԣֻб۽ȥŰɵʣΪЧֻ˵úգ˵ʲôҪΪЧأ
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˹˲ʣʲô˼
ϰֻ˵Ϊһ׮ǷֻµҪأԣʱ޽ء
˹˲ֱۣ壬װޣ˵ʲô߰ѽϲΣĻˣôͻᱻأ
ϰȫû
Ϊ˾е˲ñӺùġ
˹˽᲻飬ҲͬûʲôϵȻҲͲġ
ιذ¶˵һҲʲôѣҪ˹Ϊѡѡ飬ѡڻ飬Ҫһ˲źã
ԣŪذ˵ԹԵؾˡ
˹˱˸ֻ̣ýʱˣûһˡ
ҲȷʵϰԸֿʼǽ᣿ǲˣ
ңﻹ룺ǻȻΪ˵ӣûӦòôŻ
ǣ˹˲зֹΪʲô±أֻһҵҪأֻҪǣˣʱ޽
뵽
׮ͲôĻ¾͸ˡ
ǣȵ˹ѯʣûױݣҪҪȥ͵ʱ򡭡
λ˵һװǻƵסԴͷۡ

Ҳ·ˡ
ŮæϷ
ǸĦģǸëȷģкȥҽġ
Ϣҡ
Ŷ±Ƶվһԣȫ֪ô
ô˵һͷۿӡ
ڶʱڣǽ᲻ˡ
һͷͬƶߵϷҲһľʡ
֪һϣûԶѣҲûԶĵˡ
˵ûܹƶҪؾˡ
¹Ⱥ壬ͬɹȨҪɹǵ˰Ȩʱ
ѡַ֧ѾЩײ֣ڱʡ꣬Դ֤Լι۵ȷɹǶԷصĺѾߡ
ʱǴɹĵˡ
֮㰵ɱҲΪˡ
Ȼʱ±䡣
ճǵСѱвһ췴ʱ򡭡
ĴڣɾûʲôôϺˡ
ƶͷҲ֮ˣԭҲһֱ鷳ЩѾġ
ǣˣתȥеԺˡ
ͬʱԼϵĺڹҲҪ˦һ˵ǳ
ԴˣȻܳԾһӦǣʲôҪɱң
ţֻһƶ˵ǣ͸ӳԾˣͬѾôܰ
ƶ̯̯֣װԼҲα顣
ңһؽͣңˡǱ㻹ҪȵģǹвңҰıĻұٷḻҲ벻Щŵġ
˻һɵؿƻУ̫ŵţ˵ȥв㣿ôʣʲôطǿвأ
ƶ򶨴ݵػش𣺡ҰЩڱʡ𱩶ķѾ
Ŷҿðɣ
˲ƶѾڶе񣬻ʶط˵ܲûвɣ
ΪͷѾԣܹͨЩѾǣȻһαͬѾϵ֤ݣһЩżʲôġƶŲæؽ͡
ȻһϿҵ˵װĵˣһЩι۵Ϻз磬ΪǶǸ뷨ϵĲ졣룬Ȱڱ·棬Ƕȫվͬһսϵġ
ɰŰɵ顣
ƶʱַһ䣺ˣϸ룬ѾΪټı飬Ѿʲôأ
סˡ
Ȼ̻˼ά벻ƶԾɹЩ߹հ˼
ʱһֱΧ˶Ի¹Ҳʱվϡˡ
΢΢һЦţǵĵ˵ļ˵ װľүµԺ˵ɣڵǣͬļһҪ԰ɱӽǸĵܵܺץء
˹ⷬȻʱƶ׵һߡ
һװĹӱʾ·ģֻҪڣҪȫһаԼȻͬõͬһɱģΪԼģЩıǶϿɵģ
ˣ룺رµ֪˭ҳ˰ɣ
뵽½󣬹ȻҪӵؼ˶ԼΣ˵ҪӴ˶Լ
緢ؽ֮ǰִͳͳ׵Ժ񣬴ΪϹˡ
Ȼ¹˵úʵѹûʲô뷨
ȷʵһֱ֪ĵġ
ڣλֻģȴô£һѸýײĵĸĥˡ
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˵콫鶼֪Է
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ˣԵĪܡ
¹ȶִµͬһºı˳̾һ¶ƶҸ㲻ҪԸƿأʵ벻أȻͨ˳ǷһЩˣ͵͵˽£˸˵Ķ飬һߴŽܻ⣬һҪָʹǷǱ߷ǣԮ·ء
˲üæʣߵֹѾҵĸ𣿡
ƶ԰æش𣺡вҵԵʾڴˣ˴Σװҵӣ˽أǼƻҪԱ²أ
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˺ǽΪգΣδЩ̫ˡ
¹ȴ˰֣ʾⲻ̸
Ҳֻˡ
ţٲҪԸһЩ£磬ۼ֣˳Ӧһ½½ľӺﾯȵȣͬʱҲҪעⱣμӻһɱǡ
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ȻȲҪȥúñһˡ

ֻǷ¶ô⡣
˸պˣöԷȥԼõ־ۼʱ򡭡
׸ϵˡ
֪кıһ£ֻصԼͬķǸƻ
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ʱϵ̫ãҲ;ٳʲôʡ
׵յЩǿǽ̵ģڡν˴εֲˡƫ֪ʶŵ˱ԼҺ޷ʱһȥƾʵɽΣ
ֻǵҪһʱ򡭡
ǸǰȥټֵˣȴһȺǸϵˡ
˵ǣȺ˲ûпףΪϮ˵Ѿˡ
ҵǣײ֪ôһʲô
һʱãͬЩ
һͷڼϵ̫á
ķǱ߲Ҳ±ʡ
Ƿֽ׳ٳûʲôϢע⵽սò̫ԣټϷפǾݵλˣͻȻõһϢæ֪ΧоӺ;ˡôһ׮ЩΣյ顭
ķٵȥֱǮˡ
ǣ׸հѵΣ
ķȴѾƶǱߣΪνףӡ
׷Ը˸Ͻȥѱ˱ɱϢ
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׾ȻѾˡǮôһС
ȻǮѹûġ
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ʱ򣬽߰ŵҲϵˡ
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ɺһСˢף޴ؿܡ
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ôˣ
ͷѾ
ôأ
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Ҳûȥץ˰
ô˵
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ˣǱ㽫˵жʼĺŽǡ
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˫ͷ˻˵ϼ䳡滰ҲӦ֮塣
Ȼĸҿֿңϲ¶һĨãȻ
ǰأ
ȥˣ


54 
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ı
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λĸһʱﻢ¡
Ҳ֪ǰԭƻıȥǸɴͣ˴ж
¹ڼҪͬԻ
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ˣҲ¶ƣֻϵؼɫ˵ʹҪλҲҪЩӺǰɣزص󱲣Ҳλһ˿ҵǣǾվվҵǰ˵Ҫʲô
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볷Ҳ߲ˣ
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ĸȴѾԭƻһ֧飬ŰΧ
⣬¹ǲҲѸϵҲΧ˸⡣
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ôҳ
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ʱվԵһԱֱӽϿŵĴӸ
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˹˻ʶġ
Ǳˡ
Ǵ˵Сʾıһɱ˾ɱŮ˾ͼĺ


55 
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56 
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57 
ʱѽƻ裬º͵ҹдһ΢õ廨Ͳľ㡣
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׼ˣҲЩ
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һƲסЦ˽׵ϡ
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ЦһֱֻۣǵؽԼǰֺЦ˴һͻȻø˵С仹ᣬʵҲǸˣϸúúȹӣеְҵǿԸҷݺò£Ժ󡭡
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׿þöû˵
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Ȼǲ۵ġ
֮û죬ͻͷš
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λҲ򰲸вӲʩһͨǱŻӵ̬ȣֶһ֡»ǸҡĴ
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ǡ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҫνƽ𣿡


58 
Ѿһˡ
Σյð棬һͷתĹĶǺǳװµ˵ɹϲᣬӴԺ󣬿Թһ԰ݻʵˡ
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ȻһõĹңһ˶ܳԵñůġ
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ֱӴϣķûоũΪʲôԲȲҪͳͳڹǵΪ
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һԵο˿ˣֻʵöֻ࣬˼Լȴӿտգʲô벻Ľ֮࣬ƴȥ˵ĻҪĬԺȥ롣
ʱǲͷԵʣֱӿڣһˣôٸˣҵԭúֵصģԣȥоôһ׮¡
ȼһסڹϵũպһٰ롣ôһ㡣
ȣһٰһǮҪ˰ɸģǱɵǮȻҪóʮϽص塪ǸϵҲԹµĹءʮңҪʲôнά޷ѡ
ţʣµĶʮҪ¸ǰ˰˰٣ҪӦһЩǰѲĵײ羯
⣬ʱʱܻһЩ˰֡Ʃ磬Ҫվ˰ʱҪһƷ˰
ȵ󡭡
״ŵ̾Ϣ˵ƺܶһٰ룬ʣ³ʮǮѾһˡ
ķʣԣһеԭǲ˰ƶȣҵҲģֻǡ
ͣΪʲô룬˭Щ˰ƶȣ
𣿿һǵ̸ƻˣǲһֱڷЩ𣿡
𣿺ñAǣǷ𷴿AAŪߣȻ󣬹˸BȥǼ𷴿BҲŪߣȻ󣬹ɸCȥ
ķһABCЦ
ϾͲ¶һЦԷǵı飺ܲڶһɣ
ѻһڡ
׺ԥ˸ۡ
Ҫô˵û취ˣǡ
ķ˶٣Щŵճȭƾǻмҵװµӣ̽˵һ翰ƾ׵Ļǣǻ
ȻԱߵαһ
̧ԲԲؿķʮֲŵӡ
ֻ磬˻һأ
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ɷͬʱȴҲ͹Ӷ࣬ڶԹճʱǴż־ηġ
ȻȻûоġ
ƺֻ˺ƽһ仰طһ䣺ͬABCʲôһ𣿡
ԣķȻ֮࣬ȴһͬ·˵Ŀϲ̲ס룺ԭΪԼ㹻뾭ѵˣȴԭ绹ͬһ뷨ˣ
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ˣΪ˱Լ
ĬĬͳһСӡ
⣺εǳ̸壻
⣺ԣȹ֮ͳͳûУ
⣺ѧÿѧԸ


59 
ķһۿǸСʱԱ飬ǳֵý׻ζ
ϾûпӾ֮ǰ⿴Ļʵû취֮Ϊĳֲ֪ƵЦ鼮
ķֻڵˡ
ƢЦЦ󣬾͵ͷȥԷôҳʲôѡ١ᡢ͵ȵ󡭡
۾һҲ֮ҵţںҹߵڿһĻѣǵصʮԡ⡣
Ǹã᲻Ųߡ
һ뵽ԭ߸պþվԼǰ㼱е̧ͷĿ⼤Žף죬Ҫһӵ˵
ȴٵش⣬һܵظ˳ɴľܾ⣡ֻ֪ЩϸûУ
Ⲣǲæ
ֻΪϾʲô˼ңЩ֪ʶҲһ֪⣬Ϲָ˴·ֻһЩ֪ʶ㣬ο
˲ȥ˼
ٴɸѡõĶӶ˵ظı硣
ǣķеֻĬĬ˻ȥ
ڣôһ˲ֳһּЦ޵Ť顣
һǿ˻»ָ侲ûȥЩײش⣬ֻûһ˵һ䣺ҲˣֻΪʲôǷñأ
׼򵥻ش𣺡ŶҸԼ˸
ķ˵Ҳ˼ʣΪʲôҪзñӡ
û˵ȥ
ֻ׻ǲͣһδʻתķ棬ͣʣʲôʱ뿪ǣǵǸݵ㻹᲻ȥ罫µʱҪϵָȥϵ˭
ķĵػشЩ⡣
ЩⲢӦͬ˵
½׻ûѡ뷴
ͬʹһôķҲͽԼˡ
֮һ롣
ķǵ̫ã뿪ˡ
û绰Ҳû
˭֪´μʲôʱˡ
Ҳ
ҲҲ
ˣ׺Ƿֿڳؼҵ·ϣһֱܵ䡣
鲻ԽػͬķʶһĻĻһ֡۷ȥһ뿪ǡĳ嶯
ܿ죬һͷʹܵķȾѪԿصļͳͳؽʹԼ»عʵ
Ҿȥˣʲôأ
ţֵۡСûжôΰġҪı룬ҲûԸΪ֮𡢸һʱ嶯ظȥˣ²첻ֺڣ
䵽ʱ򣬰⣡簲ĵشǣԵĹ塭
ȻһһЩ顣˵һʲôأ
ǣڶ졣
ȥ̽˺ȷˡ
òɣλæŴһѵ顣
ڡ֮ǰǸʲôᡣ
ã·˹鷳һؼţǹдģ㿴Żؾͺá
ȷ۾Ҫȥһ֣ոиŮǣ˵財˰£ڿҪˡǱùȥˣ˳һæ
׵ĵһӦǣʲôӦҽ
ܿ죬ʶǸ̻񣬱ʾԸһȥæʹ
ȷ˺ԥؾܾˣǼûˣ㻹ǱȥˣֻС¡
Ȼ󣬲Ƚ˵ʲôͺǼŮ˷뿪ˡ
һʱסˡ
Ҳúְɣȼֱˡ
ŵǸϰ岻֪ʲôط߹ŽױԹ˵ԴһǸʲôæýŲմأ˼Ҵӣ˼ҿʱʱƶÿҪļͥҪǮȥ
ĩˣλϰ̾˵Ҳ£ɺѽ
ͬϰ˵ȴͬһȷˣֻúϡ˵ܹ鲻ǻѽ˵ȷӦҲûճĹ
ϰĬ˼룬˵ͷһûһֱǸԱ
֮󣬽׼ûҵʲôᣬȥͬȷһ𣬺Ȳˡ
λһ춼æµӦԸָûû˵ŮʲôĳĳŮʧҵҪɱˣʲô̫ҪСˣʲôҲȥŮˡ
飬޾
ޱȺԼҳ⣬Ǹε˵ⲢѽˡʵЩȫǿԲȥġ
ʲôôܲأűܿ࣬ȴ֮ˣҿܲˡ
̫ˣңҲѽ㲻ܰﵽ˵ģһæµȥʲôʱͷ
ȷ˻ش𣺡ģ·˹ҲԼֻǾΪˡ
Ц˵ңҲȫ޳ɹġÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯ñҰЩˣѾԸңһȥˡ
ⲻǸõĿʼԺֻҪҼŽһ𣬲ٽЩõĶϰΪŬȥı䡭
ʮꡢʮ꣬ǵŶӻԽԽ׳󣬵ʱܵȵһýġ
üǲ̫̫ͬˡ
ûࡣ
ȷʵ˵ôˣԴӡԴҵǸߺҾһֱججػţ֪ʲôֱڣ·˹˵ǶôлѽҴûһôףôϣ
Զԡ
׻ˡ
ķͺȷ˵ĶԱ¡
ֱòһԽߡ
ðɣðɣҿһʲô顭
һôƵţһ߳żдµСӡ
ǡ
⣺һۺǳ̸Ȩ
⣺˲һš
⣺ҪһţҲֱȥ㣡
Ͼⷽרҡ
̫õĽףдʱǽʾ֭
Ҳû˴ߴ
ңʱܶ࣬ճҲæ
ΪǷݺò¡
ʵԼ򵥸Ϊּơ
磬ѹɹ͵λԣйһʱ伫Ϊ󷽵ظַ;λⴴһµĹȺ塣
Щ¹ҲȷʵԸɹɹǶ߻࿹⣬ӶʹȨȹˡ
ͬʱ;λΪ
ȴǡȥľλ̫ˡ
繫һľλԽ١
ʲôӾо洦ɼһץһѡ
¹Ϊ˸һ
λƻĹһزװԣЦǺǣһܺͰ׵ӣڶҪϮӣȴϸЩܷҪ󣬲ûʲôģҲҪֻװû
Ǳ·ǰ
Żװոտȷһû⣨ͷ󣬴󷽵ض׼ԷϮ
ɼû·
Ǿȥɡ
ǣһλо˿ꡭ
ǸӦϮĳӣȴڷųûȡùٷϿɡ
Ϊصǡ
縺µˣļػһʣһ䲻ϮҪ
ˣ
λûˡ
ףĿǰǸµˡ
ΪˣЩҪ˳˳Ϯˣ׷ŰݷãڣرһʱʵǮơ
ûǮ
¹ͻȻðһ״ƹػְ뿪ЦĻҸҵĲºɲҪҶĺѽ
⻰˲ˣǷּơ
ΪˣٲûҪȥѧϰһ̰۵ļɡ
һգһԼǵĸҲϮ飬ˡ
Űʱ򡭡
ǰѾĥǸСӸôд
˵ʵѾжΣķǫ飩ÿÿڱ϶ϣףΡۺȵ
ֻҪǵҪ˿ģһָοõ
ͺ޲öʮأɾκóȥ˿
˵ĵȻһʱ˼·
ȴҲǰһ
ǣֽӹĵƳһۣĿ㶨סˡ
ͷ֣죬Ц˳
٣ӵʱ
ţһУֽһӣطԸǽ
һӦǣһϰԵؼűӵ˵ϵİת뿪ͬʱֺصͷȥһ۰ֻͷֵλдšΤ˹оˡ


60 
һ
ʱΤ˹оͬĶɭΤ˹һվͷصȴλ·˹ĽӼ
ʱ䣬ĸӺݺһĥѡ
Ǳ¹һЩ࣬Ҳ޾ʱʱŹݣƽһ¡
֮ӦӾ룬뿪¡
һʼóǺúõġ
Ӿĸӵ·ѣֽڸУееʳ޷á
ʱ䣬ĸΪġֵʱˡ
ַſڣʱʱӾĹϵװͷȥʶǵķֿչһЩСģ罻
ɺܿ죬ج˽ˡ
ӾĪزͷ
ûãһЩ˸ӴŵԶǱ׷׳Ҫ̳Ų;λ
еĹĶǡ
ЩҪ̳ӾһеǣһǾԿԴһµģǾǡζѹ޹ϵΤ˹оĸˡ
ǣĸ˱㱻˳ȥ
ǴʱʰҲá
ɵǡ
ʱھȥ鰸Τ˹о˾Ȼ̫λȥӾš
֪һЩֺµˡ
ЩʮʶʶӾϲǸʲôӣͷ׷׸Τ˹о˵ӣǰȥμᡣ
λо˶ӣһʱӰΪԼ껪ȥǻһ޵·ٰͷȾһȾɫúûױһ£Ծɿһλˡ
ˣȻص塢įƶ£һֻڷдȥ
ǣ˳š
ֻ
ȻΪȡЦĶ
ʱһҲװϷ
Ͼÿ˶ϲϿһɦŪ˵ġ
ģΤ˹о˾Ҳղһˡ
ϻܵǮҲ컨⣬ϾҪͷˡ
Τ˹о˲ſʼ
ʱ£ҲûǸ·ˡ
Ͷ·ʱͻȻоͷǿԴǱһЩġ
ֻи⡪ɭػûܳɹϮ
ΪҾǰ˵֡ûǮû·ǰоѾ˺ü꣬Ȼûܼ̳оλĵ͡
ʱ򶼿ʵˡ
֪ѣٲҲҪһȥҸµ·˹һˡ
о˰ȥȴûף硣ֻ뵽ߵĶɭʱֶһЩġ
ʵĶɭѹƲ㡣
⺢ôңĸ׹ˣûʲô
ûУһŲ԰ףӲߣǳݣͱȽ׿ܻϴһ꣬
ѾŬ̧ͦͷװһЩˣȻܽ˿صľִٲãȻ
ˣ˿վΤ˹оԱߵӣֱĸСִ̡ʶֻ֪
Τ˹оʱȴ۶ĸװĴȰͣشԹľҵɭôӢ˧ǲ˼ˣҲҪ͵ġ
ɭػҵ̧ȥĸףǽźͺ£ȴǿװһӣѧһЩ竹Ӹĵɣֻ΢ѧЩ񣬱齩ӲЩ¶ӣҲǵģʱҲ˵׼
ʲô˵׼˵׼ġ
Τ˹оųѰţ쳣ƣҵɭô˵ء
⻰ʵڴԲѡ
֪ĸ׶Լİ֮ģɭصǺһ£ȵС˵Щѡ
Τ˹о˻ӡ
һؿŶ˧ͬϵЩȣҲǺѷɫġ
ɭظˡ
ע⵽ԱһЩԴͺЦͲǰһĸ׵½ǣͼͣ
Τ˹оȴӲĿ⣬ûͣҪ˵
ɭصͷҪڶȥ
ҺãŽ׷Ըλڻˡ
ǲͬӼǡ
Τ˹о˲ųױ죬ֺͶһ𣬼æһϵ·Ÿ˽ȥ
ڴ֮ǰΤ˹о˻һ¼龰
Ȼ֪ԷвľλҲһЩԵġ
Ʃ磬˽ӣȫƾúÿŵ˱µʶλ˹˵ĸػ˸
ԣҪжһ١
ȷģҲҪװŵӡ
ƫƫΤ˹оȴǸ⡣
ЩŲɣʱ͵͵Թ
Τ˹ؼҴΪЧҺȴֻһо
ʲôͶûеˣȴ˲
˸ԼһͨΪվλ˵ǰԼҲ𾴵ġ
ֻһ̣Τ˹ؼҸ߹ȶͬڡ
Ȼõġ
߽ʱƾһήˡ
֮ǰֻ˴˵λ򳤵úÿűܹ谮ġ
⡮úÿ˵ʵģоʵںжÿ
ڡ
λ˵ԼӻҪСһЩĲˣòȴһᶨʣûװ磬ȴҲʱУǷݳڵݣĵ˶ЩĿ˻ǲ¹̫ʹȫһɢ˼˶ȻԲλˡ
Τ˹о˲СشŶ˹ȥ
ĵһĭǿװ򶨵һã밲ˡ

ӺԼס
վվֻӦһ䣺ŶҲأˡ
ڲ뱻Ӱ̫Եʡ
ʹﲻһ̣òͣдֵıʣ΢΢ͷڳһ̬ŶԷ˵ˡ
Τ˹о˴ؿһ仰˵
ʼѹζǳʾ֭ҪҳһʵĻ˵ң⻰ҪͬЩֻ֪ķ֮˲һһúмأӶС
ɱԷݺ壬һʱ벻ʲôʵĻˡ
죬ŽͰ͵ðһ䣺ǰǲǡǲǼأˣҡҡ˵ҿʵЩء
״ͷŵؽһ΢ЦŻظҵûⷽļ䡣
ʱͽΤ˹о˴вһ黳ˡ
ֻϡͿ˽ϸûһôթĶȥյĻǸɲ˴ҲûǸͬԵġ
ˣֹһ¡
෴Ҫ󷽷һ£ϴˣʲôͬҳúƣǡɺʶأ˵ҶԴ˵ЩˡˣϸعңȥһǸˣʲôȤ飬պҲ˵
Τ˹оԣ㲻ǰһ
̧ͷ۾ȥϸϸض׵ĳˣǾüϤģȴϡֻˡݵλʵ֮·һȽϣƺǰĴһðˡ
ˣôţΪȴֻ˵һأɱ˹ҫָ߹ˣǸͬȣֻһʵļٻǸô˵Ҫðʵֻһֻ֪ʳİũ񣬷ɫܺڣ
΢Цһ£ûϵҲʲôðòÿĴ裬һܾ߱ҫ۵Ʒ񣬲ųƵǸ߹ء
Τ˹о˵һƲϸ߹ˡ
÷е˵ǸǼֱģǸͬᲢۡ
ô˵أ
һå
Ŷ
Ҳ˴˵Ķ䣬˶ҡ֮˼ĵ顣
ģ˺˵㡢㡢𣿡
ôѽǹ壬ֻһôҶһء
˵ļġ
ˣЩûļһ㣬ǲľٶѾ㹻ˡ
𣿡׵һЩǸñεġ
Τ˹о˲ͬ˵ûþ콫ץ
𣿡
أ
˵갡
Τ˹о˻˵Ҳ̫ˣһð˹󣬾Ȼֻɵش꣬Ҳ֪Ǹɵƶķɡڣվվߵġ
ôأ
һ𣬽Ǹ˻
׹Ծʲôˣ
Τ˹о˿϶ػش𣺡Ӧˡ
׵ֱЩͳԡãŹһֲ㲻ð𣿡
Τ˹оûвʲôԡ
һʱ˹ȥĻУһСıԼеġһҰǷݼ¶ͬʱղʵһֱͷѿڶֻһˡ
ͻȻúܰ
˺һ
Ҳ⻰˵úܶء
ɹ΢Цظһ䡣
ȻٺΤ˹о˽̸תվԱ߷ɭأʣλΤ˹оһμ̳𣿡
ɭæϹ
Ǹûֱĸ׹ܵúϣ촽˶ȴ֪˵ʲôֻýȵĿͶĸס
Τ˹о̴Բ廰أҵĶɭǺвŻһܳꡣһֱŬѧʦҪƵƵ޵ĺѧء
ԾͽĿͶ˹ȥĵ𣿡
ɭͻȻܵעŵ΢΢һǵģǵİɡ
ִٵ½ǣְԴȥ
װģôǫ飡
Τ˹оʱԴǻ²Ҫӿһˡ
ȻȴͻȻüѧ˵ѧ
Τ˹оãȻصͷǰѧ
ٴ׷ʣѵھ𣿡
Τ˹оЩҡҲףΪʲôҪھأ
ǿЦЦ˵ѧϰҲܺ𣿡
ѧϰǺܺãǡ
״΢Цĵʣû´ĻλΪϮɣ
Τ˹оͬĶɭزɶ˵ͷ
֪Τ˹оλҪΪ¶սġ
Ŷǣģɷһѹġ
ĶӲûм̳и׵־
ս̫Σˣˣһλĸ׵飬ɭƽƽġ
ҵȻѡ񡣡
Цݿ䣬ƽظ˵
ȵΤ˹оһ󡭡
ͼذظ֪ǣһĶӱ㲻Ϯ׼ˡ
ʲô
Τ˹о˱ϢŴ졣
׵оݵͬ˽ء
ȴԭɹһϹˡ
νȨͬʱҲ
ԣλܾλˣҪз۵ְ𣬱Ϊִս
Ϲأʵͱɨ˹ʾֽ֮Уûʲôˡ
ЩɹȨƺ˭Ըȥսأ˵ЩѹûʲôսսˣǶҲҪںͷġ
ֻǣȤĵطڡ
ϹȻѾûأȷʵʼմڣӲʽϳ
ˣ״ʱΤ˹طˣĶϮ
˵Щ飬˵ͷȥǺϺȣûʲôġ
Τ˹оأŵغˣⲻƽҵĶôͲϮı׼أֻûս𣿿Ҳûѽ㲻ǲҲûȥʲôսѽ
ĸ׾Ȼʳ˲
ɭʮֻҵؿ˿촽΢ȴûʲô˵
Ȼɺػش𣺡ȥսȻȥġ
Τ˹о˵ѧãҪɭȥɭҲȥġ
΢Цһ£ĵؽͣǸѽˡɾͲ̫ˣ룬ҪԸʲôӦԽȥָʲôоġοĶӣоء
ʲô˼
ֻвãоͲ
Τ˹о˴һƬҡ
ֻһµ飬ȴԺеģ
ɭû취Ϯˣ
Τ˹ؼҪԼƽˣ
ⲻܣ
ܣ
ʶһΤ˹о˱͵ѹ̷ŭصŽףͶͷڱˡ
ĩˣͻأؼЪ˹ˣǹģǹģΪʲôҪҵɭأΪʲôҪң
Ҳûкѽ׻ǺֻͬͣЩ꣬ʵڸȥľλ̫ˡϮϲ⿨һЩҲиģɭʵڲϡ
һ˵ţһ߻ĿͶɭأװһеĿǣϹ˵ţλλϷ˲֪飬٣ܸ֪һЩɣµеʵˣ֪ġ
λɭʵûʲôʵġ
ĸǰץĹ£״ѯ
һ治óԼ֪һҲǾĸʵЩ׳ŵӼװ˵ţҺġ
׹ؿ
ɭ˸Ӵ˵ĸףôһµġҲǰչƶȰ¡ҪҪǻȻȥɡ
ȥĹƶȣ
Τ˹о˼ӾȻ׾ͱ˹ȥҪιȥ
ݺݵضŽףŭɶشСˣΤ˹ؼһֱЧҹԱĹӲѡֱ̳³谮кһҪ⵽ӦģҵŰɣǾĶ˹Ϻӵģ᲻úģ
̲סЦ
壬ؿαϣ˵˵ʵڵģˡܲƫغúÿ磬ͻᷢ֡ϣԽԽõһˣͳͳǶء
Ҫҵÿնڿ캰صģҲԸġ
ˡ
߰ɣһ߰ɣ
úûȥһƽܲھҪգ
Ѿܿˣ˽ţ
ӽԺ󣬱ҵˣ


61 
Ƿ˽ͬΨΨŵŵĶһߺ󡭡
гһڳĿС
뵽һ޶˶˵֣֮Щͼѡ
ֲһ䣺һ̫ݡ
˵ô˵
ԣȴҲ㹻ˡ
Ϊҡ
ˣܿͽǶĸ׵Ժ󣬼ȥԼ¡дСӡ
ٴζʣǶĸӴһЩУͻȻٿ̸һӦʲôȨˡ
ȻЩ˵ǶǺ֤ԣĴ󲿷˵ȴЩ翡
ΪһҪˣͬʲôƽȡƽ壬ȫǷϻ
ʱǵһҪֻҪܼȥΪūҲǲܽܵ顣
ԣͣԽǿתŷҵдһƽ
һƷУоݵؾٳܶʵ
[ǼΣȴСι޺ƿ֮;ٳճ⣬ȥˡ]
[Υ棬ûգ]
[Сã׼õƷ·ʱȴ滮е·ߣƫ˷·ߡ]
[Ʒûգɾ޶𡣽]
[˳ճɺܺãӡһЩСҲʶһǳȺԶԷֻ͡ǰѶƤԵùԲΪȨڹ壬һ㡭²СĵŪһֻ
[Υ]
ûϸܽǰûע⡭
ܽײŷ֣ƽǼֱʱ̶ԵǻвҪȥΡ
˵˸ճӤûԼԶƽһҪͼ塣
ܽѾÿ͹۵ĿЩˡ
дĩβʱ̲סһɫʣ
[ϰѾȷ֤ʵԶʥ˵ĳǿ]
[ȻȴûлһʴȺ]
[ʱգѳһʹмѵ͡]
[ʵʵϵͣ]
ͬʱ˹˽˹
ĵʹùкЩΪ𾪡
ͬϲ󣬴һΪӴҪ͹Ͼϵˡ
ҲһЩ˴ҥԣ˵ǲڹģͽͬټˡ
λͻȻЩҥͳͳ顣
˾ǣһγɹ͹˺üСʱ̸ۼ£Ҳ¹ĵϱˣ
ǵĹϵ˾֪ȻҲû˻ȥͺܼٵĽڡ
ˣ˵ĻϢִ˴
ֻǴҲ֪ǡ
˹ιȴ˵ģ£Ѿ֪ˡ֪ϻкЩ˵׷ȨҲǼɻЩˣʼղԸԭ
ǣЩչֻˣȴֵܣٷҲĺȥ˺¡
ҲˣǧҪΪЩеԼֵԶ
ôһͨ¹Ĵ΢΢һ˿̵ĻȣҲ˵ԭ²ԭ£ֻ򵥵ʣǺҵ𣿡
˹һʶػش𣺡ǵûУ룬ܹĵܵܡ
ԣ¹ִ̧ۣһˣĿⶼЩˡ
ֻǺĻá
ǡ
ԺԸԡ
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ڶ죬ϰͬһЩϷԺϷ
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ϰЦһޣأ˵ҪЦˣĸһعصŮˣҪɫǱõأ
˴ŭ
վϰһ¼Ұ֣ô˱˵ġ˵˵Ĳġ
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ɫ࣬͵һְγĽϰʹ˹ȥ
ϰһû뵽ԷȻһͶ˱
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µĹǱҲġ
׷棬͸ҲˣҲˣΪź
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ϰ㲻Ҫѽ

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л۵ģˮʻӣ׷׳Ͷȥ
ЦŮǵļǵĽк
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գϰûĿ
ڵأʵʵȭֱݺ˼ţһ衣
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ЦͬЩ֣һ˷ͷӡ
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ԺЩ³ɺģҴᣬһҪڲҵġ
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ɴ˿ɼٲҪһˡ
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ԣֻԹ˹֣ʹתȥһҾƹݡ
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ֵǣͷȴźܶˡ
ַ¹ûʲôģҲ˵ֻȤĿܡ
ϰȴЩɣԥŻҪҪȥ
ʱ򣬾ƹݵĻƷǳڵ˹ʣλҲµ𣿲ɣλˡһﻹƴ֪λ
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ϰɻʣȵȣʲô£
λƹݵĻЦŻش𣺡Ĺأһò绨ŮǿͬһλӾİ¡
ò绨ŮǿǿŮ𣿡¹Ȥʡ
ƽսӴķԸ죬·һġͻȻ˵ŮǿǴûͣһʱ²ˡ
ϰˣ֪ɨ˹ˡ
ǮǸƹݻƷԸ˵Ǿƴɣټǳúõģϼ
ƹݻƵһá
ȴͷߡ
ߵһ
ҲͬƴĿ˴
һӣ߶һ㶡
ȴԭʶġ
¹ЦˣѽôҲѽ
׻ЩûӾлֻܵػ˸΢Ц⻰ɣ£ôҲˣ


62 
źȷ˲Źȡĵġ
ڴ֮ǰ
λ˾һϷ˾
ȻҲ֪Ǵһ쿪ʼģÿ춼ỨѾ޴ʱ;˽æµذЩԶһرеŮǡ
֮ôԭǣ
ʧȥ̫࣬ҵĸĸҵɷҵĶӡҵûʲôõˡˣҲŲϣҲһҡҳĳӽԺʧȥеʹоֻһƷҲ͹ˡ
ϲʲôˣҲû취˸е١
²أվԸƵġ
ԣλԸһЩǲ
ǣȷֻһ䡰·˹Ȥд¾籾𡱵ʱ򡭡
ȴضԴһ⣺¾籾ơ𣿡
Ҳ̫ȷʲôͣݳôˡ
ȷһڴؽ˵Ĳһ£дʲô𣿡
ʵϣ׸д꽲ƽѵСӣصѰ˸˶æĵ˷Ǿݵһ
һλķ˵ģ˱΢Ц̣ʲôõĽ𣿡
ȷ˸иеĹ£ǹǽһŮǿġ֪ôġҾ÷ǳ˼ʱĻȥxxƹһ
ЦӦˡ
ת죬Ҿƹݡ
ɼ˾ƹݻһܺ󡭡
˾Ͳˣֹˣ赽˭ĻŮǿޣǧ
ԥҪҪɴ뿪ʱƫ¹ͬϰƴ
³ûˣܸܲռת߰ɣ
ҲΡ
¹ôʱûش𣬷ʧط˻ȥȻ˵ڣŷӦһʱʮֽźͰա
¹ԼĪûܵһ̸ġ
һαװΣλµºܸߣ˽òԸԺͶϲõֵܣ͸Ӻ
ԽڳԾѿڵʧʡ
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ײ۽Ƴһϰ
ս˹ȷǶ֪롶籾ı๤ģҲˣֱ˵ǡȡġ顣
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Щһ쵽µĹǼϲдЩͷġ
дһƷͨŮģر޵·ӣ
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񡭡
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ϰ֪ײ˸ı籾ȴԴ˲Ȥ֪ײ˶١
ͻԼĸ׺ս˹һϿ޵ƾһ˿øС
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ϰɵһ룺Сǲǰᣬպ󵹲ŽӴһ¡
ŵʱ򣬺һСٵ𡭡
Ҫ˱̧ͷ˳˹ȥ
ȴھƹмλõһͻȻվЩüӣֿһԱֶ߰ӣһ͵ӣţҲ뷴ȥЩͬı˰¡
⻰ո˵ꡣ
ƹ㱬һΪ̨ĴЦ
¹ϰ֪ǰ󲻽ܡ
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ˣܶߺ
أװˣû˼ģÿζҪװһ£
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Χһ󼫴
Լûŵġ
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¹˵ţһλݾŮһŮ䵽ǿУǸŮһֱƽƽ𣿡
ϰϲ¶һּаĻЦǸŮʲôģҿ϶ţƽƽЩǿ˯һĻеء
˵ģϰ̬ʵˣʱҲôŮԺõ
¹ֵƳһϰһĨЦȰ˵š
ɵϰɫֵǸϴʱ
λȴЦת˵ʹԼ׵ģʱҲװһºͿˣ˴ϣֵͬʱ˵͵һȤıݣγһȤءأ·˹
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ȻףоЩʶشһ۾ȴɵ룺ǹǰװ𣿿װûʲôôѽġ٣ǿɾϡˣ


63 
һ
λӾʵһ˲š
˵һĻң
УλŮǿ
ңһλɹҵĴҹ㡣
ֻ׸ƣȻҪ޸һλ˵Ѿʮĳϲֻεѡӻ顣
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λӾչʾһʲôʵݣ
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ЦǲӾģŮԵ̬ôÿЩЦ
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ڽкá
ڴķ׺͵±׼ԣһλҵС㣬ʵ鹹ֵΪ֮Ƶġ
֮󣬹ּ·չ
Ϊ˱ֲַòͬǿίߣװԼնǿˡ
ӾְԼԲ֮跨ϴˡ
磬䵱նȴܻᰵʾͨ籨ţñ塣
ƹеĴˣȻͷ׷׶ΪǸˡ
ȴɫĳڲòϽʵصͷװȥԶ
ͬʱ̲ס²ۣ²ǰѿ˹һǿǶˣʾͨ籨š£˸Դǿǿġ
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ΪλӾԽԽ׵ͬʱ׾ҲԽԽԼԳٴУֻ鹹еһͨɫ
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ȻҲЩκ;ȡ
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λóϹӾҲԼʾҴǣһ۾ͿȻһ塱һλŮʿְصĿ⣬һǾա
ףǺǣȷʵǣ
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·ߵؤܴԲѵƣţҲùʹ͵أôһӸˡ

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Ȼͷͷػش𣺡ǰһ쵱ȻΪ׼ѽ֪ͽ֮ʱҪúϴһ롢ɸɾǰȥѽ

ά˹ɳһ۾Ȼô𣿡
һߣһЩأҪ֪󲻽ʱɴûҡ
̩ޱȼЩ״ˡ
ȻϲȻ˵һѣλñʦȴһｫҴ󲻽нȳ̫ˣôôλñʦУǱκҪˣ
֪𣬴ά˹ұҹڿ˼Ƿǰ·ʱǳǵĽ֪׸ηҶһǳ̸塷ȴ֣Ϊûг·ǰʵϾ·ɹѡ񡭡
ܡȨ͡ÿһƶô÷˼ţƶȰɣԤ԰ɣ
ҼЩģ־䣬ȫ֮ʮ־߱ԣģҲû취˵ЩǼٵˡ
ʵڡʵڲ֪ʲôԡôԼˡ죬λñʦķʲôطڳ񰡣
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ά˹̲ס˵һ䣺λñʦʲôãֻԸʵЩֺǸĿεǳ̸塷ǸѧÿѧԸʾ˵ģķƼҵʱֱӵһȥ
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ԣ϶ñһĸ˺󣬱Ὣеһжȫ̽գһȽôܽдأǫ顣
羴˵Ԩ֪ʶӵ֪ƼȴȻһ˿ͷβƽͽ·˵Ը֪һȫ޳չֵǰãԼɽĺûȫԼ
װѰ룬γһֺֻأ
ĳЩʦһãÿÿ֪ʶ󣬾Ҫѧ밴ԼĽȥǿԼ˼ˣ෴󷽷ظ֪ʶͬʱȴҲʹáЩ֪ʶȨ˿أôܲأ
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Դˣñڷе㳹ױΪԨ˽ȵʥˡ
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ϣȴ¶ЩͬܵʹУϰѾȷ֤ʵԶʥ˵ĳǿȻȴûлһʴȺ
ĬĬš
ȵ꣬ά˹ų̾һǰһӲʺƹ㣬һСӵʺϸ˶һء
̩µ˵ͷͬ˵취ȥӡݣͷҷһٶԱЩֵˣֵĶúһ
ñӣñӣ
ά˹׽֣һʱ˼ǧ鲻Խ˵˵̩¡ҲЩˣߣָǰˣҲ֪ʲôȥһѽ
̵Ļᣬܻеİɡ
̩Ц˵˵ʲô
˼˼룬ڴ˷ܵز²ţҲдʲôܹǵĴɣ
ͬʱ˳˼
ãüͷΪӦޱȼѵֽд£֮֮࣬飻㵹һУȴԶȥ
йƨͨʫѾд
һӵĺ
ǣʹرסͷذһɤӣΪʲôдľдСӻҪϰٱأ


64 
¹û鷳ս˹дǸ籾ͼ
Ըʹ˷ϰȡһ¡
Ͼһأ
һǸ˽ѹдʲô
һ¹ˣż뿴أ
׼
Ӳ׷Źκһϰȥϸˡ
ʱ겻ҵĺս˹ϷԺ￴ŮԱϷ
ϰȥͽ˳
ս˹ܾȣôпˣ
ϰûһ͹ؽʲô뿴һϷΪֺùǰϷŪɡĻֻ˵һȤĹ¡
ţͽӾƹǸŮǿĹ£ԭԭϸϸؽһ顣
ս˹ûӵͼ
竣һ򶼶ƵŮºܸȤˣµýζ
û뵽²ǰġ
ϰ󣬳һôûУܸܲ£дһ籾Ȼһ磿
ս˹һ㶣ɽеʲôѽ°ˣôϹˣ
ϰЦˣæ˵ףֻҪҵĻͺѽܲẦԿġ
һ˵ţһ⽫Ӻ˹ȥס˺ս˹Ҫ뿪·ҪöԷĻǼֲߵģ֪һмЩҲϲá͢еĹĶǡ룬ҲСˣϷԺҲ˿뱲ӣͷȴֻһɼְҵ·߲ͨˡԣβһ·أ
ñڣ뿴ĵľĿˣͰչ˼ȵϲֻһãֺγûأ
ʱ˱µĶ裬Ҵ԰æһñ߹ġ
ԴˣǸ֣Ϊпһ빬ֻ͢ҪϲǣʲôģҲҪǿͿأ
ٻߣ㲻ϲͬ˴򽻵Ǿͽȥ罻أֻ뷨ϲʲôдʲô
ҪǱ¸ˣ˵ܷһȫһҡšôһ˫սǰܱһ쵽ػϷԺ˰뱲ӶҪǿöɣ
ϰؽһоݣҶһ˵ȫһҡҲżǿġ
û뵽Լϸ׺ս˹ȴܲӡ
λ˰뱲ӵϲƽظһͦġ
һ̣ȴشһǷԣδͦá٣װĶѽһ治ôء
ϰʱˣʲôأдǸ˿ѵ²Щƽֵȡ𣿡
ս˹ȴһȤҡҡͷܷܵ˵˵öеһǰ첻²̸ˡ
ϰŭˡ
̲ס۾ֶ̱񶾵ڿ첻ܰ쵽ʲôأ
һ쵽ͬŮϷ˻죿ûȥǮд˰뱲Ӿ籾ȴֻһŶˣ
ĸı汾ǱдġҵĲѽ˰뱲ӣһ޳ɣǺǣҪô˵İ첻ˡ
ս˹Ĭעӣգֻػش𣺡ȷʵһֱƲǸʲôõ˲ţҲ㲻ʲôøס˰뱲ӣҲûôסǡ
ƽ͵سһֱԼϲ£˵˽Ҳã˵ҲϽҲգȷʵڡ水˵ȥĻұҪ׿ˡʲô뿴ʲôҾҪдʲô˹ˣͷζúܣһ춼
˵ģϰҲףҲΪʲôǲ֪㣬õôôĶ
ǮҪȨҲҪ˵ʵշ⡮ȫһҡѵͺܺⲻ𣿡
ӣΪʲôҪôأǼҿǹѽ²ΧŹתҲġΪʲôҪִǸȫӡҲĶǵĵطӲأ
ϰЦһô˵ͬµ˻һͺܺˣ
ս˹̾ϢŻش𣺡ҲƲ϶ã롭룬ڽʱǲڵġ
ֻһֱԼ£һֱԼҲкЩĵ£ÿճԳԺȺȣ֡Ǻġ
竣
ϰô𡢼ϽҲҪĻûðɡ
ƿڴ˵ԳԺȺȡֶٻҵǮ
뱩ŭȭͷͷؽʹһ٣
뵽ǰס
ֻǿ·ŭȴҲû˼˵飬ֻŭ뿪ˡ
ս˹ŶȥıӰһεı顣
ǸӶԣⲻһСִԣܿͰ׵Ժ˳طϷԺȥŮԱˡ
ͬʱ׵Ѿȥ
ΪӱдŮǿĹ£ΪԼһݼ̵ҵǮȷˣֻߵ֪ʶķҾˣٰѱӺͳ͸ɵƵ磡
Ȼر۾
ʮӺʹҧгݵؼд
һܺǿǿĿİд¡
һ뽫ᵽ̨ϣֶֻһߣţ˵Ѿˡ
¹ȷʵ˻ôһ¡
⵹жཡ
ֻΪһ˵ÿ춼ˣ뾡һа취ֺԣڵһ仰Ǵȥǵġ
Ϊôһ仰ˡ
ϰģżëĺ֣ǰǵ
û뵽ǣȴǸֻҪ㲻ᣬҾҲһֱװ⡣
ֻǺܺá
һװ¸ܹȥȴһ£
һ£ҲԹñˡ
ͬҲŹϵֻǱʱ֪ϵ
ڣһֲΣյ˼ڱ
죬¹ڣһλͻȻվô˵
ȻسһСӣࡢŵ˵ң¡ǷǳȵģôһĻ棬ǼҪǴ飬ҪƻҰģ
Ҳְλ;λڳġ
ⷬؿһ۹ȥ룺۴飬ʲô
ɼǲϵıȻϤġһۺǳ̸Ȩ󡭡
ĬĬصͷװ˲ڡ
¹ӹСӣͷ˼ҳɫһʱʲôϲŭ
ֻϲҼΪ߸ŵҽ飬ñץħһԴǶּɿԣʮóЩ֪ǵ񾭣ǷǻвǰΰӰȶ
Ϊӡ
ûԼôɱħ
һߣ¹ַ˼ҳСӺ󣬾ʹӵַϻǳϿҵ˵ˣѾ֪ˡ׮飬һӿǣҰɣ
ӻ˵ʲô
ȴˣֻҡҡ֣͵ؽ˽
Ȼ˶˽¸̾λʮа˾ù£Ҫһֻ۱һֻ۵ػȥʱ
¹ȴͻأǿӲذ䲼һ·
Ҫǿ鿯ַ顣ʾв˼Ķһɲͷٻ١ĶʹˣҲҪسʹġ
Уñ׵壬Ϊͷŷӣһͨ
ĬĬסף¾ʱñӣٻһ
⣬ھ籾ҲֶͬҪˣ̨ܱݳ
ǣϷԺǱ
ֻо籾Ҫȥˣûǰǫ̈̄ϱݡ
ֻѷ
ϷԺôһţЩ竹ӸǾͲԹص
ƵıԹ¹Ķк󡭡
ͻȻ˼ǰýдľ籾𽵹һ䣺·˹ǸŮǿĹдôˣ
Ƚ׻ش𡭡
΢Цţ󷽵سŵ˵дˣֱӸǩͨҲʡ˵Ĳ衣
ǣûȥ˼ʲôñˡ
һηԼڡΪʲôû֮ˡ


65 
йλǿƵĴ߸ڡ
Ĳ鲻ԸǱԼŮǿľ籾д˳
籾һûУԣдͽ籾ܵΪһŮǿĹ¡
Ȼ¹ȴ²ش˵װѣƽƽ棬ʵûʲôѽҵȵȣҰȡһɣͽС
λ»һ˼˺һϻֳԼԼЦ⡣
Ȼ͵һ˵ˣͽ޵ɣ㿴Σ
Σ
⻰׸ô˵أ
е˻ţѾˡ
˺ü룬Żعװ𺳵ӣӢ
ٶĿ޺ͷУһĲҪ̶ȣҲʵû취˵ˡ
޵飿
ôʲôʺ
ԭǺȷġ
д籾ʱҲҪҪһҲ籾λ
ɼ֣
¶ģ籾ͬԼͬȷ˳κιϵ
Ȼͬ෴
¹ֻǺģЦһ£Ҳ֪ǹֱˡҿҪᵽϷ̨ϵĹ£Ҫͨ׶źãȥϷԺѰֵģֲǽܽġԣԽǴףԽ˻ӭǲأ
ֻü˵Ӣ
ţ¹ٲ˺ЩƩ磬Ѿ޵ˣЩо͹ˣһЩһЩ
Сźʸ㣡ʸ㣡
ʵУȻֻ΢ЦӢ
֮ǣνⲿ޵顷Ϸ̨ˡ
ԴˣӾϰǳرʾԸ
ǰǳŵ뾺ǣ
ҸоΪԼܵݡ
׶Դ˺
Ϊⲿû¾͸һˣĬĬʾԼѾûˡ
ԣҲһĺչˡ
ֻ˵һñӡ
ڽУԷñΪдСȻ߱һĲοֵ
ôߵˮƽԣοֵУҲӦ޵ġ
Ȼ֪ǡ
еʱҪƿƽˮ棬ҪĶֻһССʯӣ㹻ˡ
ڹƶַñӺ󡭡
ƽˮ㱻ͻȻˡ
˶
һУԽǱֹĶԽ
ˣΪñȥ޸ķʱñӾҲ
˺棺дʲôˣȻӰ쵽ҵ
ǣ˴ˡ
˽£ȴԽԽ֪˷ñӣ̶͵͵ȥǸСӡ
ͬʱκҲˡ
һжǺڰʱ򣬴Ҳϰ˺ڰ

ֻôһС΢Ĺս˺ڰ
ʶôĴˣͲԸںڰУҪ߾ܵȥ׷ʹˡ
ˣڽײûԼʲôʱ򡭡
ͬڷЩȫĲݸʿһЩвŻˡƽе˲ţûҳЩ͵ȹ壬һЩеʶ֮ʿǣȻϢΪñӶػ
ǵĹͬصǽñӷΪʦָ·ƣ
ܵñǸСӵǵ˼׷׿ʼѧţԶԷȥ˼ʲôǹңʲô񣬹Һ֮ʲôĹϵˡ
ڴ֮ǰеһΪ쾭塣
ڴ֮ǽеһжз
ʲôǶԣ
ʲôǴ
ΪʲôΪ壿
ƽΪʲôһȣ
˼ʡ
ʹǽԼ뻹ֲҪһЩ־ͬϵһоۡ
ɴˣܶĵر齨
ܵļҲʼƵرٰ졣
Һ;ɸƽֹ֮ʱһɵµİĬĬ
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ⲻҪдһЩ
ʱ򣬹ƶ·ʹᷳˡ
죬һϵСۻУǡɾͱµۣ
ƶЩˣһŴӣֱǿӷرԹš
һƽľң֮ǰһϷԺйΪƽǸܵӣΪԼԵóͲǣһѵĺӣʵԸ΢һЩ⣬󲿷ʱ䶼Ѻãδ˵ɻҪ˵˼롣
ҪһȥԸɣдһԸ飬Ȼ󣬴ҶǩһСҵľ˵
ļͥС壬̸ȨƣƽҲСʳȱЩӣ飬·ϳķ
㿪Ц𣿡
ԣһԱȻʡ
һλЩҲЦӡ
ңΪǼӣڳӼ̳зǲܼ̳еоλġ
ѣδɹ
ܴӼֵһǮ⣬뷨ӴӾԹþͨǮ߹ϵһλǿеġ
ǹе࣬Դ˺Ȥ
Եɺ֮£˷ñӵ˼룬̶˸ղλѣӴˣһʣཻĪ档
ܵСӰ졭
Ϊ׹˽ˣҲѶҪѡ
˵Ǻԥؾʹ˶ԷĻ룺ˣǷǱǩġ
ҲǱɱˡ
Сɴϣ
˼ϣȰ˵
ֻҪӴܴҵôͻǺù
λЦȴ˹ǣ¶һּɫҲɣҿôһ׮¡ǩķԸҲǹ˵ġ
겻ɵþһƺû뵽ֿԡ
λӱ̵˵ʵھͿŲһ£Ѿ׼Ը飬ܲ˳͵Уٱأ
ǲôǻʲôأ
СҲûΪԷĻ׷뷨
ִŵؼ˵ҪһѽʲôĻǲǸ㣿ңһ뷨˲ӵĻѰҸˡкܶ˶ԸһԸĻǱ£ӦҲһǵ˰ɣ
ӾҲɳ˵ûİ취ȷʵһԡ
ڽصһ䣺ҪԸĻԴǷעһЩҪ
һǲʲôá
λЦվɺԥһˮ
һֲ̣ر̬˵ɼǷǵҪһԵĻҲǴǩ֡
䣡
λӾҾۡ͡һЦ˳
СҲЦҵѰܲôķǣҿ϶һЩġ
λӲɷ˸ۣûػһ䣺ллҪ
ŲǿķǣҲɼԸûʲôã˵ΪʲôӦǩѹ˰ˡ
ǣһԸô˵
λѽдԸ飬һȥԸ
Ȼǲ֪ǡ
¹ԴӦǲôּġ
λ²ʲô֮ˡ
߸ϵʱˣǺȥͷעµ
ڰ䲼˷ַ˷ñӺ󡭡
Ϊ㹻ЩΣյ˼ˡ
ڸ顭
ȥ˼Ҳȥعע
ֻһͼ־ľûʲôģ
Ҫһӹ޵ıҲûʲôȤ
ԣֻȥ
ֻҪǾһжá


66 
λ˼Χ־ͬϵһԸǩ
УӾӿ׶񣬵ȴԸ񼫺õˣ˺ٵʱ򣬻ͬÿһĵؽĿģƶȱûʲô⣬һζֹȡһЩͼұøõ£ʵڲͱֹѽ
ñȷñʦдġһƽէЩпͱңҲʶ᲻õһ档ֻʶڰܸıڰⲻںһŬһ𣿡
֮£СëֱһЩ
桢飬ηһмԣںٵʱǼɿԵţҪɣ˼벻ñӦñţ˽࣬ǱЩƭΪȥҴһУ֪£
λȣλͥӴΨһ׵ˡ
ʼնܵ͵˽ʱҲƽƽģԸ޹˵ЩҪȥһͷԣûãǶһԣǺǱͬĹ۵㣬ôǩ
գһжʮ˵ֳԸϡ
һˣȷʵͬλһΪƶӦʵſ
һλѵѣڰˡһæļͷǩ֣
ٲ˴ǴΧǩֵģԼҲǩΪͺñȲμӼ䵥˼
˴Լܺ
Ը㱻͵¹ϡ
ʱͬ¹㱨Ȳ֧һЩ⡣
λȻЩʳŲȷʵĹĲ󳼣Թľ״ʮġ
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ңЩ˻ڳϵͨѹեͰķʽơ
һҵԴͲƸе˵С
ƫƫ˶ԹǺĵģճֻ֪Ǯӻ֣ȴҪΪΪһķס
ʣһֻҵġ
磬ĳӣ˼άѹԴںδҲ벻ʲôõĽ취
ǣλٵϴֻѭؾɵؽ¹޽Ŵԣװ޹һ԰ҪǮ뷨һһأͼڼϵĸڴһµĵز
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ҡ
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¹ҲΪʲô⡣
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Ҳһջ⡣
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һһա
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ֻǽΪתһЩĻ⣻ҲΪڸԼһ֮ҪǮҪȻûõ㣡
ĵϵǷԸ飬ַ
ŷҳϾ͸ֳһĨɫ
ΪλѶԡ
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ǣ˵˹ڲԸӸҪȥЩԸǩֵˣͳͳ
˴˰ŻػȻӵġǣʵЩźͲʣٶȫץҪҪ˵һֻץ׶񡭡
¹ֱ۾˵˭أ˵ץ
֪˲ȥ׮¡
һλƽʱְץ˵Ļרҵ·
˿ԸЩ˹񣬾ҹȻ̸۳͢䲼ߣָӹµɣܵ˵ﲻֻ費ǾͿˣ֣µץǺûҪġ
ֻºܲĵԵʡ
λֻûĲԸ
˵ԽǲԸԽҪ׮£
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˥壬һӶӾ죬˺µֵڿҿץˡ
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ʣµʮ˸ˡ
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ЩϢͨǰ
ֵһǣԸλҪ˲ûȫץ
СľëλӶ˵ӹһ١
λӼԣϢͨ
ңڴ֮ǰԤϹԸʧܣֻû뵽صĺչѣõϢ˿ԥֱӾˡ
ǰߣȫã
ץʱպòڡ
λëǸѵԸ
ƽŵʱ򣬾ͳȥ׷ѣԣھץǰͷݷһλѣӹһ١
ΨλӾҵù
ƽʱ̶ϷԺϰʱȻҲĶȥȵһͱˡ
ЩҲᡣ
ֻ˵Ǳץһʮˡ
¹ִӷⷢӣ˴ϴõָʾ
ǣЩ˱ѶûѶֱӱͶ˿֮С
鷢󣬲֪µġ
ң¹ǷԸӸ˵ԵʣԴӱ˸ǿԸݡ
֮ǰ˵
Ըʵдüֿʲôë
Ψһë档
дԸ˲ֱָĴ󣬻һͨϣıĽ顣
¹黳ɵľ
塣
еһʮѴ𰸣
ٶ˾Ȼȫ
׼ֱ޷
̲סΣѾͷţȴһΪƵͶ뵽С
ʲôʱɲ㹻ƽȨ
Ϊ˷ƽƾϲã㽫ӵʲôʱǸͷ
ִ̼ܵ
˼Ȫӿӱʼ飬Сʱ


67 
⣺һԤԡ
⣺ڹһһߵʱ򡭡
⣺Ųţˡ
ڹ̨ñӣͬʱдԸ޹ʱñӶճˣ
һķ
һ⡢⡣
ǩдǷñӶ
СӵĺЩˣǺܻǷñʦ
ݣŽһλͬñʦֿ
Ƿñʦѧһ˲²š
ֻλñӵƷƺƫʶһ֡Ҫдʲôдʲô뵽Ҿдġ⡣
ų⡭
ݻ˺Ȼġ
һЩ˿ʱʶһʲôˣ
һֻ̣źʶԤѽ
ǷӦһȻʲôȻ˸ԤԹ
ǣŽšּе顭
ǷɿطСӣ缢ƿʵؿ
[ڹһһߵʱ򡭡]
[ͨ˽һҹճţ̫ճϲûʲôı仯]
[Ź֣ذο£صԸ̾ϢҶܿȬ]
[Ȼ˻]
[ɫȻصͷеţȴʼյòӦлرͿڴͷɥ޴ãҲ򣻲һϢȴӵֽؤĻ䡭ĻιȬ]
[ᡣ]
[ֻľȻػش𣺡ҲһãҲ]
λñӶϸϸдһʹࡣ
ʲôͷϳ˺صĻɫֻ̦۾ݳ˺ڶ˶ǱԼŻ֮Сȵȡ
ȻΪһƪʱ򣬸ߵ˼·ʮת÷
[ѽץУЦ˳ơ˼ҿʲôɾͰɣװ޹Ů衢ԼֻܳǸĻ¸]
ñȫͬһñӣѹʲôۣ·𵥴дһƪ񻰹¡
Ƚ֮ڳһλǰĳɾͣһּ¹ճΪʾһѹûʲô¡ҲûΪҺҵ׵Ĺ
ǣ
[˵ߵֻǡ]
[ȻûпԼôҲΪһᡣ]
[Ȼûжʹһ˿ôЩҲ顣]
[ļֵʹһʯӣһƬҶ]
[Ļǲɹ]
[ˣһƤ޳ܹޡ]
[ͶĹʵɱͷеϣֽŮǿĶѨ衭]
[ջ㡣]
[Ĺؽ߽⣬ҵĻԻͲһΡ]
[ǰӵеһж翵Ŀ¥]
[ĲȻʱػᷢ죡]
һƪԤ⡭
һͯ
֮£ֱ
Ȼʾ󣬻Ѱͽġʵ۵װıˡװ
Уֱָˡ
ƭƭӣ
ʵȴ¹
ȥƭ·ĴҲ֡ˡϰԼλƶ
˳һᣬΪ˲¶ԼݺģԼ˸ϷдԼҲڵȥƭˣרŸԱ˸һΡף㿴·Ưûδô·˵˵ĶԻ
˽β֣Ϊϵǰʵ
㲻Ǻָ࣬һԸ飬߹ƭӣ·ڡ
һʵз¹ҲԸ˴
ǣλĹ˵سӣΧţһһ˽ֵ
ⱾСдԭһҲ˷פǵľݵ㡣
״ʱû̫ǿģһ֡ɱֻԼˬ˾С磬Ҳûȥܺ顣
ȻĹյñʦСӺ󣬷פǾݵ˽ϲ쵼С
һΣǿﾹȻǷñˣʲôñӶţҲͬ۸ɻͯģϹ֮࣬ȴȤӽһ顭
ܵ˵ݸûͬñʦ֪Ƽȡ
ô˵أ
ɱ󣬿Լǿ
ֻҪһСӺı顭
ЩݵķԱǾͶЩЦˡ
ǣǵĹͣ
һվ˽ԭ쵼Ǳߣһȴ͵͵ӡġʮݣĵɢ֮С
ˣ¹İȻҲôһ
һ¶ɫѵõһĨŭݣΪⲻڱ˵ʵһܴ裡
ñӶĶ£ǸñӶʲôˣɺޡɱ֮ӦñӰ
ôʱ䣬û˵𣿡
˺ݺݵصһۣѹŭʡ
˲ΪѵĨĨǵĺˮϻ¶һѿɫǵģ¡ٸһЩʱ䡭
Ҳ¹˵ҲٸһЩʱãҲпûá
ȻһĿ⽫ڳ˶ɨһ顭
˼ͷ
δǷץܡɹֻȥҲֻܽеָ
Щֻ
ǰ¶һͬķŭģ
ƶһص͵
غ˼ֲӣؽԼϰ͵˵
ϰ
ӵģ˳ȥץ˵ġ
ϾץҲǿƵĺò¡
ŭһҵñӶйߵӣˡ
ֻƾһȥ¡
ȻҲûʲôյġ
󣬾ñ ñӶĽס
״̬ȶһֱ²ؼƽҷñӺͷñӶͬ·˹ʲôϵ
ǣ¹ĿɨЩ˺ջͣפ˵ùĵ˵ϣ˵ǰ˵ǴһЩ̫ˡʹ𱰡
˶άűϹϾ̬
¹ȴ˵ȥˡ
ϸֳһĨЦƽطԸԸǩˣ̣ĺʹñӺͷñӶƷˣ̡
ɫһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷ
һ£Ҫܶ˵ġ
Ȼ¹ȴûᵽֹ֮⣬̧ͷ΢һͷ߳ȥˡ
״ȥӰӰʧˣĿûջ
ĺʹñӺͷñӶƷˣ̣
ͻȻ֮䣬׼ҪΪ˺ˣҴҲдЩ𣿡


68 
һľ󳵱һƥţӽֵʻϳλһλרŵʬˡ
һɫɥɫԼͬ˴򽻵̫ú󣬱ͬ˵ľȻĮ
복ʬ壬ȫˡôضѵͷ֡ȡʲôȫҽŰڷţһ߱бŵʬΪֵ·һ˳⣬¶һĿ
ײȥʱպͬʬûбպϵ˫۶ϣŵô˸䡣
أأһңΪʲôţ
ôŵţɫһʱѿЩˣѹñܣɫ˵Ŀʬ֨֨µԶ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩ˶ˣƫƫһţ
˵ɣҲǸס
Դ˵زͣ˼롣
Ѿӡ˸ղŵǷ桪·һĺʬˣޱظų϶ʬ塣
ôһ㱡
ԼҲʬϡ
κͿ־岻ͣѹ񾭡
ȥˣҲû취Щų⣬ֻܾãԭϵģңұҲ
ò˵
¹Ǹµ̫ͻȻˣ
˶ûӦͷӦ
һЩͬЩнĳ飻ҲȥѰҵ·һЩ־֮ʿԼЩûץˣʲôӪȵķˡ
⧲ʱ򡭡
ѾסЩ˵ĺ
λԺƢʾ˵ľѵõһŭ
۾Ȼٶ
ɱҲǸ
üӰգŽЩȫɱ
ңʬ̫ԵʣӵһԵĹء
ʬڳһӣҲûʲôľֻʬһӣݲˡ
òһЩʳǾڿȺʱǻֻϿǻˣ̷ȥʳ
ԴˣҲյֺͷˡ
ȷʵ¹Ըˣƽ׷׽УЩԡ˵˵竹ӸҲ伣
һƺҡ
һƬƽı棬˶ûʱ򣬸иҵʼò洦ɼöһľ
죬ȥ̽ȷ˵·ϣ·ԽԽ˺
һﱧСײĵŮˣһ·һ·ޣֻСˡ
ǲˡš
ʱѼ̫ʬ˸ʬӰֲϵǻĽᡣ
ԣȲȥһȷˡ
λֱĸķˣÿһμ棬ܴһЩů
û뵽ǡ
бҲѰο塣
һʼ׿Źŵʱ򣬱ΪͷûˣҪת뿪ˡ
ƺʵ죡
ڿ𣿡
ڵǵԵʣ߹ȥƿţȴȻ֡
һλͷ˺ȷ˵ĸ첲ϣңҲţȻѹֵؿš
·˹
ڰοĺȷ˲һ̧ͷպÿվſڵĽףϾٵػһĨֵɫ
֣
Ϊʲôһᾪ֣
ײѽ룺ѵʲô˵𣿡
ɲʲôͷ
λոջŮ˸첲ϿľȴѾ͵վת
һ˫˵۾ŭ־˫ۣںȷ˵ǰҰɣҰɣ
˷Ӧô£ͽһͬλ˺޹ϵҪǣ޹ˣץңץҰɣ
ôöУôöԣҲ࣬ʬȥιѻı㣡ɱҰ
ͷ˿ĬĬػתȽŹغáϣȻ󣬼ĵؿй
˺ˣĵȷѯʣͷ˭
һƬĬ
λ¶һãı飬ƺû뵽Լò׹һǣ޹ļ鸰ȴѡ˹ڡ
һͷԽ׵ʣȷƺЩɡ
գѡŽףش𣺡ɣ˹Ƿ⡶¹Ը顷λеһλ
׳һ
ڼô˵Ϊܻңţֲ
ֻ˻ţȴǱȷ˵Ѳأһ˷֡
뵽ɽѯʣˣû֪ɣ
ȷĹ۲ı飬ûоٱ˼ܵԼӣвһο壬Ҳ¶һĨǳǳЦݣɵػش𣺡ģǰʶֻɺֽʶġʵϣŸʶûáҲԵʣЩûץΪ˭֪ôһѡ
һû÷ġ
ֻ²׼ˡ
ȫûһعľ飬һλ޸֮ŮԣһԸмçײͷӷֱַӾͻᱻ˷֣ץߣ
̫Σˣ
ʬ˸ʬӰһθǰ
ʮֽǣҪ¡Σաˡ
źȷ˵ʼº͵۾ʶذŵͺЩһƽǣǱ뾡콫ߣˣεľĺǿҺܵľ鵽
ȷ˲ϲȡֵˡ
Ȼ˽ԸκһѣҲϿɽ׵ĵģֻǶĿǰЩΣ֪ͷץľ죬͵ǰȫĵطѽ
ˣѾˣ벻ҪΪҵǡ
ëɣ˹һι˵ɴô뿪ɣעҪôҲǣκ˵ذɡҵѡҵˣҵֵҲͨڤĵ·ϵȺˡҲ
ײԺȷ˵취ɣˡֻҪСĽزҪ¶ͺãƩոžȻûţȴַЩҪ˻ɵġ
Ҳ㣬·˹
ȷ˳ĬƬ˵
Ѿˡ
׼ᶨػش𣺡ң˵ĻֽҵʲôأѵһؿΣգȴ֮ᡢ̵ҲôԴ˵ġοװģѵΪ֮ô̸أ
ðɡȷЭˡ
૵˵һҪСģˣΪǴҵİȫ
ӵľëɣ˹һͼˢڸе˵ʵǿ԰ҽȥ
ǣײͷͺȷº͵غ첻Ҫ˵
ë걻һ¶һܾ񣬵ڣǲ˵ʲôϻˡ
һûʲôʵķҡ
ֻѰοĿĲûдﵽһ׮Σ鷳鵱С
תһ룬ҲȾ˵ּ⣬ȥû취ŵˡܾһһɣ


69 
ǸЩ³çľëںȷ
ζܷĵġ
Ծһʱ֮Ҳ߶Էİ취Ǿ͸ɴཫ˴Լء
ôһϢй¶ҪҲǱͱǣеǣȻҲͲᲨͷβ޹ĺȷˡ
ЩΣڲùּŭΪЩ˵ԼҪһεġˣн֮ǣҲûʲôµģֻҪмֵͱȹǿٱ
Щ׺еĽǺͲԼᣬ̶侲һض취ʼĥôˡ
ȻͻȻһ£òơǸץӷ˵ĹԱǱˣǸ˸أ
¶˵Ц
һȥץﷸȻʮֶϷ
һʼصʱ򣬱¹׽ŪͶ˵һϷ
֪λϴ˲¡
ƫƫӲҪԷȥ
ֻԼÿÿʲôʱܱλϴֹϾ֮ʱҪ⵽λϴ˲ͣ߶ҲҲûûˣֹ
ǣ¶ģһҪöԷҲƷһҪɣȴҪʹࡣ
˺ް취
һԼҾ
ԣ
۶Դӡ
һεҲʵ̫ˡ
һնɱˣ
˻Դץġ
ʵ˲ǰҲûôءټϣͬҲûʲôϵԣ̸϶Ρ
ﻹǲô
Ϊץˡ
Щץ˾ͱͳͳɱˡ
Щǲ̸۹˽¾ͽΪס
ԣţ˽Զܣܱ˽λµĴˣxxǱץɱģ
Ҳˡ
ƽյָָ㣬ڸ߸ϵĹ岢ûʲôˡ
ǣô๤ְæ˺Щڹ󡭡
¹ȴȻҪЦǺǵص˵棬˿ȥôҼǵãԸϣһжʮǩɣôһʮӡҵľүѽ֪һҶĹȴòôƯҲʹѽ
ӵĵǺ
촽΢΢ţͣⱾҵĹѽңѾץ˶ٶˣûöٹ򡱣ٶһЩʱ䣬һܽץġ
¹Щ񡭡
֪Ϊʲô໰ͳͳ˻ȥ
ǣԱ߳ǵϲ¶ֻ飬·˵ưڼܸɵĵ˾ȻҲаҲµһ죡
һ죬ӲţޱȼѵػصУּس鷿ķȥ
üͷľƣģѾԳЩԵ̬һһŲ鷿һѡһѻûĵļ޲һѻЩȫոɸɾ
ʲôأְŬʲôأ
˸оԼսļѾҪ޷еһ󳼵صˡ
Ȼص˼ΪʲôҪôأǷԸ鱾ͬҺ޹ϵѽץҲѾȫʮˣǴӲЩǵǴѾԽġһΣΪʲôƫƫҪץŲţΪˣأ
ǴһЩ̫ˡʹ𱰡
ͻȻ֮䣬¹һ˵仰㸡ͷ·һѾ޴ĴӺݺݴԴϡ
˼ش˸
ؿʼԼÿÿŭΥЩˡ
뾭Ҫ޹ʱҲˡ
Ҫʱϴʾܾˡ
Ц˹˷⹫˵ʱǸš
Ȣ޵ʱȴҪӭȢ󡭡
顣
ʵ̫ࡢֻ̫࣬һ룬ɵʮ
ǴһЩ̫ˡʹ𱰡
˲ϵŹ仰ĪĶٶˡ
ˣԭǲǵġ
ϴЩȻЦ૵˵ΪЩѾȥˡȴԭ׮׮ǵء
ԼĪǴܴԵʡ
߽鷿ʱ򣬾ͿһӲֹŰı˵Ȼͷɥ·ȫһƣ
ƽʱദĲãҲǵ˵һ䣺ˣɫܲء
Ա˸˽Ĭڵġ
û˵£ǴӲẰ׵ģ˶ԴҲϿɡ
ˣλϴĻûñʲôԣֻӦٻ̧ͷʲô
ߵһԵľƹ񴦡
ƹֽһƵݹȥһĵӣʲôѰʵ˵һЩߵʮ˸ˡ
˽ӹƱֻھͺȸһ
ؿŽף㿴˴ʮ룬Żתߣ˵ʮ˸ﷸץ벻ץʵҪˡҪǡ·˹պҪˡ
׳һ
Ҫ֪·˹ڵ˵Ǹܡ
ԣԷ򸾴һʼûԼĺӡ
ҲûԼðϵݵԷ򸾵ļ̳ˡ
ܹµ˼п֧̳еҵġ
ôô޳ܣռȵζ
ԭƻȻš
ϵ׳һʱҲ̸ʲô̳е⡣
λͻȻô˵
ʲô֪ı
ɻ
ȴٶ˵˾ƿ
ˣֻʱǷĿǰҪĺģרעǰ
һϴ˺Ⱦƣһװĵӣòؿʼ̽ʮ˸ӷ˵顣
ٷյ̽
Ҳѵõغ˸󡭡
ŷԸˣλ˵ȥԷ֪ͨ˵˹ȥչˡ
ţسţʮѰ˸ˣЩǮ佫һȥһŵ
ǵЩԸˣȫƽ񣬻һЩ塣
⣬ΪñӶдĶŭ˹һǣôˡ
ʵЩȷһλԸԸæ
Ӧ侮ʯɣ
˵ǣǵЩԱǲһζӹһˡ
׵ĵһ׮¡ñӶдĶŭ¹
ΪѾǣѵʲôŭ
ǵĴڱһֱܰ
˵
޷ͷϵֶһˣ
ǣЩ˷׷ʾñʦģһæ˵ġ
Ȼٰزһ䣺д¾ͺãʲô鷳鶼
鸴ӡ
еǷȻûʧôôˡ
֮գǱִһЩϢ
ӵʮˣѾҵˣʣµʮһˣȴζҲˣһѾңЩģѾӳǣٻص̫ʵˡ
ǰȻǲö˵ˡ
һ֡Ȼб²ص˭ҲҲ㰲ȫرΪˡ
ôһҪͳǵˡ
ϺȷǱߵľëһǰˡ
ͷβһ顣
бһЩ㣬ֻ̫꣬ĵصȴᡣ
¹ŭɢܶࡣ
ټϣʲϲΧηľ¹ΪݽĲбϣһֱǺͺֺܺƢ
ԣԼǳŭʹΧ̫ź󡭡
΢룬̽йطԸȥ׼ʻһ·ΧҲôҷһ񾭡
ǣ˷͹ŭ͵ŵϷԺٴӪҵ
һ¡޴־˿˥Ĺ竡Ӹֵȥ㶼˸߲ҵػꡱ
ûûεΪ֮ǰôֲϺ׹ȥӴԺܺһسԺˡ
ʱٶ˵ѪڣӢδԶ
¹׿ڴͨġ޵顷ȴֵ׼ˣ
ʶ֮ʿǱϷԺ⣬Щ¶ǵĺ׷ҡͷѿ
ǰ֮ڣЩвʱҲ˵ʲôˡ
ͬ෴ǡ
һЩĹ¡ֻעֵŮǣȴϼһطӵ
ǣһϷԺ˾Ȼٷˡ
ʱǱߵֻϷ̨һѾˡ
ֵĻͬŨ޵ͼŮǴһЦ֣ͣػк٣ҾͲҲһҪġ⻹˵𣿿ˣһֱóлˡ
лźˮζ
˵̫̫࣬ӣԶˣֻӸûûˡ
λӾվϷ̨ӵ£Ŀ⼫ԹϿ
ûӮǵĽɫͬϰһָˡ
׷ǲʡ
λӾ˸ԱֻһζҪչʾҫԼʵûУ
ϰķɣûɡ
ƲˣܸͬԼôӾ򽻵
ˣӾֻʹ˳˾飬ġȥתȡһʸıãҲǿοԼûˣôǮһ
ֻǡ
վϷ̨ӵ£ԼġҪͬһʶԱһ裬ɻǱҵĽѽҵĳͷѽ
ʱǮǱʸıãˡ
˵Ǳ¼
һ竴ĵ߹ͻһġ
Ӿŵòͷ֣ȫʶˣһǣ
Աߺüֵ競شЦ
ţ̾أ˵޵顷
һΪ´Ҷ֪ˡ
Ӿװһνӡ
ΪʱһװǻƵķ
һǳںҲҪװƵᣬŽзȡ
ˣٲýԼΪ˳ͷĴȥµΪһҵʱǿвô£һĿġǵ󲿷û־ҲûΪôһЩ֮ģеõЩѵԣŶἰ
ҿɲ˵Щĵ£
Щ竸ˣ׷壺ֻǣǽнŮǿϹûǸʲôӡ
ʱӾͻȻЩҵı仯
ŴӺ̨߳һˣس߹ӰǼϤģ·ӡĵ׵ġȿѵŮһ㣬һ׺ֲпĵдʶǰһҲ¶һּһͿ쵽ɤӴ
һ̣ȴһſ˵ƹ
òۣװ磬ǷΣȣȴװǸˣŮˡ
ңԼģҲȷʵܺÿˣǸ·˹Ĳ
Ӿһ˲Ȼʧ̲סŶԷز
ˣԱ߼竱Ҳͷ˳Ŀȥ
ˣŸ̾ԭѽĻͻȻ俴ˣҲпԭ
һͻȻĵصܿ˶ٴΣҶ˵ǲԱĻ·˹Ƶǵһ˰ɣ
⻰һڣһͬʱһõߡ
һվڲԶŮ˳ߺݺһɣŭ뿪ˡ
ϲ罻ȦϤĲӾãλôˣ
Ŷû£ֻ˹˲ϲ˱
һ竺ν˵ǲѿȷʵ̸ж


70 
˹˵ͻȻ֣ʹһǵעˡ
Ϊλ罻ȦĺˣҼǱضҪһġ
˵Լ޸˺λ˵Ǵǰˡ
һ״ϧ˵һЩ˽Ѿܳʱ䶼ټˡˣƺҲǰڷ˵ʽ΢ʡֻڻźӣңЩǻǰˣ÷ˣû˵ʲô
ӵ˭ģλģǹģ
˭֪أǺǣλ磬Լ㲻ɣ
ô⣬ܼ޸ˣλ˵˵ҲǼˡ
ȷʵֻϧĺѾߵͷˡ
⻰ô˵ģѲʲôĻϢ
ĻϢûУֻ⼸γţÿÿǶһˣ߼ûй飬Ҳûй˻֣֪ͷֺˡ
ôҲֿġ
ʲôģǰôܳѽЩɫء
ʵҲѽ
и߻ٰ˵竻һķŮģǸ˵ʾҲôꡣôһϹŰ壬ϹʲôûõܣѺúõŮȫ̻ˣһ쵽ôţ·ʥŮһ㣬͸
ԣһֵȥԺӣЩʵûʲôôòܡᷳôҲܡֹˡ
 ˹Ҳõˡ⵽ҲˣƲ⣬ǱߵʾˡҿɣڻܳǷƢˣˣӣȱº͹ٹ꣬꣡˵ͻĴء
⻰˵꣬һ޳ܵǱ˴˽һ΢Ц󣬾ͶֻشЦ
иļһҪһľֳĵݾǡͲסį˹˻ڱºһˣ
ҪעʱϷԺдһ죬˴󺰣ˡ
˷׷׻ͷ˹ȥ
ֻ¹΢ЦӵһŻŮŮǰӵ߽Ұᡣ
˶վժñǵͷسŰǱ
Ǽ竣ͬλӾҲæת
ˣһ̧ۣպÿλ˹ȹӣ첽Ұȥңֻڰſ΢ͣ˼룬ͳɹرˡ
ոջƲҪʧڹǣʱ
֮ǰҪľֵ竼ˣҲʧ˵ľ˰ɣӣʲŲµòô׼ƺûȫӸ㲻ܷ⡢⼸ˡ
ȻҰ˹ȴҲ²ǰ⡢ࡣ
¹˹룬ĺӣϵǵϱ㲻ڴͥȻֺܷľǣһ壬װһ˾ӵӣһʣˣѰʲô𣿡
˹˱⸱·İ˵ĿӸסˣŲ΢ͣ
ϻûס͸һּζֻӵʣ£ʲô˼ѽѵٰ𣿡
¹ֵ
һ˹˱öЩѰˣ¶һǳǳ΢Ц˵ʵڲŮΪʲôϲ⣬ʵԭаɣ
˹˺ܴ
ҡҡ׹Ҫ޳ˣڲÿҵ̫֣̫𣿿ǺӵԵѽ£ѽȺұǺÿˡ
⻰һڣȴ˹
ԣӣﻹиӡ
˹ôĸףʵôǸδĺӣչԼĹѪ
ǣɫܵذ˼䣺㲻Ҫѽ㲻ÿ֮ǰôأֻȻ޸˺ܲǰˡ
˹Ϊ棬תΪϲ
ֵ˵ʲô㾹Ǽʺ𣿿ңԭͲʲôѽңԴǴıǴ²ˡͬһЩѳȥȾơ죡ǿ뿴һ۵ģ£ȫںһֱֻġ
˵ôһҪĵġ
˵ͷʾҪһǡ
¹ȴƾնһЩ˼ⰵĥպȾƣкѣˣٸʲô
ΪЩԵʣҲٸˡ
˳˹˵˼ͷͬһ죬һ·𻹺ʹǰһ죬ʵȴûȥڵĶ
˹˺
ԹԵسڡڻת⡯ϲ֮У˵ġ˵ģԼ֪ģͳͳ˵˸һɶ
ͬʱͬϰ졣
ֻս˹ڼһɵңϴʾܾûСûȤ¹
ԣһ޵顷ϰĻ
ȫǵһΣⷽЩĲ㣬ֻðѽһı
ĽҲս˹һ㣬Ա˳ŵĽʲô
ȴ룬Ȼ۷Ѵһ£ڽڲٷ棬ȴƾС¡
ǰֻҪùң˵ţԼɵ޳֮ͽ
Ϊ˳ɥڲٵΪ
ǣһݵĹͨǾͷǳĬҸɴشһʶ
ùʲôʺֻҪñ¿桢ÿľͿˡ
ڴֹʶ
ȻƹˤĽ׻ع˺ЩһĴ⡣
ϰôסʲô𣿾Ȼ
̲סķڷ룺ѹֱԽԽȴԭŮⷽϵļʶʤҰٱֹ
Щ󡭡
ٴ̸ظ̾Ǹ̾Ȼôһ˼Ķӣʵ̫ˣ
ǣϷ̨ϵĻʾڡϷʼˡ
µĹǲʲô㶼ʱͣ£ܵؽĿͶϷ̨
ֻһۣЩͻ̻ıͳ˹ǵϡ
һʱ侹ЩͷתԼģƺӶҪͻˡ
ŮסԵʣһʱЩ
ʿԻ󣬱㿪ʼƣкЩ˳Ϸ̨Ӵ˿ڡ
ҵİڣ˹¶ʮַŭɫ
˿ѾעĹһʱ޼ƿʩֻǴĿϷ̨ݺݵһ䣺Ҫ
¹ֻװû
ЦǺǵͬԵ˵ҵ죡Ȥúܣĸģϰûִ⣬Ѳɾ·˹
ȴԭʱϷ̨ϾʮŮˡ
ʮŮ˾ȫǿģǿװֲǿװ磬ϵĸ죬ñЩڵҪλƤСףǻ켣ªеǿӵеġ
ǣʮƯŮԱ߶ŽƤףŵߵ¶˼羱֫ʹȡ
ʵ¶ִᲢʲô޷Ǿ촩̿ӵĳ̶ȣɷŵ磬ȴЩʯ쾪ˡ
ˣʲô
Ϸ̨ͷɽХغ˲ʣ
ĻٿһĻĽʮο
ƽҰػЩȥǿǣֱ죬Ҳ㳶ƽˣ


71 
߹ǵճʵǺܿĵġ
̸ۼȴû
̸ۺ䣬ȴûܹ
̸۰顭
ȻոһաѰֵʹǵήһľʵĳ̶ȣֻּȥ̼壬ܵõһ΢Ŀ֡
ˣǲϵȥ׷ǲ
ǲ̫ҵЩѾߡΪˣǣƽѻ
ⲿźЩǰδԪصġ޵顷ָܵһʹ̼
Ůǿǰδı¶Σģ·񣬿ƴ³ʵҰԸеı顭
Ƕԣȫƽټ澰ˣ
ؾصĹ帾ˣ
ҲκļŮ
Žף赶ս󡭡
ǲֱ۾
Ǳ߿죬ţҵ죡
ʵһ׵Ů¡
һȺŮɵĵźһеӾ
һͬʮŮ˵İ޾
ʮŮ˶鿼飡
սдʱϰ˼·Ȼ򣬱Ȼǡ鹴ģּͨ
Ҳ˵ǰӾŮţͼӵұؿ󹬣ŮǿǱ˴Դף˺ڣȻŮǿǷ׷׾ѣʶĿȻĺؽŪɱѡһ
־ᵽϷ̨ϣȲ˵ܲܽܡ
ֻ¹˵Ҫġ
ˣɹ汾
׻ؽɾɾĸġ
ɾĵḶ́ǽһԷŵӫĻϹӳĴӰӲظΪֻ·ߵСƬ
ɾŮǿǵͱҪ˼ٽһЩֻ̣Ǹĳɼ˾ȳĻգ
ٸĵҽ֣򻨴йƫƫܼȫˡ
ǣϷ̨ϵλӾ㰤ŸͬЩŮǿǵˡ
λӾԱʵûʲôر͵Ϸ㱾ҲԽɫϣһȺƯԸŮǿǾ㹻ˣһƽƽԽɫҲǷ̨µЩԹǴ롢÷ǲǸӾҲĻҲӵұġ뷨
ԣǼ˷ܵؿλͨͨȴǳŵӾˣһһȥǸʩչ׾ļɺֶΣƫƫδε֣һŮǼҵİΪԴס
һʱ䣬Ľ۶ˣ޲
ҰеĹҲǳЦǺǵͬģ·˹ϰϷֻȤôܻŮǿƣǸǿͷӣ۾ϰŰɫʲôȵŮԱǺƯģ֫ϸҲܳ
ЩЦŸʲô
˹˾ܲ˵غһ£
¹ֻýĿת̬ȴԵüͷģңĿҲ˾档
ǣ˹ֻ̣װƢȥЩʵ˵£ĿƵúܣȥתתء
¹΢Цŵͷͬˡ
һӣԸһ̸ȥչˡ
˹˲Ҫ𰸵ġ
վԭغһ߹סԼȻ󣬺ͬԼǸ˵Ϸ̨ϵϷӶĸܣԺֻҲ
ȰȰ
ȴͬûһ棬תͷߵЩЩŮǿ˹һεɵվ
ָչĵ̣˺ĵСһ䣺ˣ
˹ŻԾ˵ȹӣ첽ܳ˰ᡣ
ɵȳ˰ᣬеŭͼҲ˿ûһ
תͻȻغʲôôĵӣʲôҪ𣿡
̵̾æţҲǡˡ
Ʊ磬¼ūţ
˹˹˾ݺݸһǶ⣬ţ־һǶ⣬ָ׻˵˼۵ĺۼ
ˣھࡣ
ʵɲܽʲô⡣
ֻ¹ڿⲿ󣬱ͬǸпȵŮԱ˴
ңƺΪϲŮϷӵӣרͷðһСԢʱʱҪȥһ
ʱôá
ϰ˼ƻһ
дϲæʩչֶΣĽȵļ˿סˣ˽²ͣؽ˿ȺЩֺùķӡ
ˣ޵顷ⲿǴɹ
ʱϷԺеϷ»ٶǺܿģһϷݸ죬Ҿ˳Ҫ¾硣
ⲿνǡ׵˼㡢ЩϲϷĹԼ¼Ͷ߹ľ磬ȴƫƫػ
һܵʱ䣬
ЩǾġ峡
ÿÿЩŮǿǳϷ̨ϡ
ǾҪ´ſڵعơкá
ʱֻһǲֵġ
λӾؿϷ˶ãȻˣֻʣһͷ⵽ʲôѽ⻹ҵĹҺͽĿأ
Ȼڱ˽ģһײдԼŮװڣҲʵд̫ˡ
ԣΪŮĽϷѾɾöûŮˡ
ңɫҲŮǿÿġ
෴һͨͨŮɫھʲôõĻǾӵұ󣬼Ϲشһӳ˵ţȻ󣬺HEˡ
ƻŮɫ㲻˵
ھ󲿷ֵĹ˵ͬ˽ĽɫҲʣйһЩ߸д˵ģʲôСͬ˽ʲôũҵŮͬ˽
֮ɫɫȲŮǿͷӿȵʱ֡ϸȣ飬۾ϰűĶͣԵôغÿ
ⲿϷϲ罻ȦĪðɫװΣڶͷϡ
˺ôһΣ¹ٰʱϯĹ˾һ붼ϰһذɫɼɫҲʱгˡ
õʮֲ
ϷԼ˶ӸģãϷ˷ס
һ
Լһҳأ¹ȴʲô
ԣѵõزȥ䵱һӵϹֵַֻؼɻˡ
ûλϴ˴ͷȥʲôֱԽɣȻҲԸɨˣΪϷ˷ףȻֻŹ˵
ǣ¹Χûһ˵Ϸõˡ
˸˼죬ױܹȥװرԹ˵£Ϸء
¹Ц˵ôأǸȴﲻæˣܲҶȥϷɣ
ײ˼һЦѽֻ룬ԸЩ
¹ʱ΢Цƺľʣôʲô⣿
׹ԥ˵أҲʲôǮֻϷֵϱݡŶˣֵϵĻҿ϶ŮԱǶഩ·ġ
¹۾΢΢˼˵ͦȤģҪġ
ʱصͷҵûôֻ࣬˺ˡ
¹ֶһȷûʲôͼ
ͻȻЦһֻ첲ס׵ļȵ˵ʲôѽȥˣ䲢˽ǡڡĻģһᱣģ
ǣ׾ֿ죬һɵֶ˷
ȻˣҲȷʵûʲô˼ֳֻ÷㷴ǽǰ˸ͳǡ
ͽϢĵ֪ͨ˷ĳԱǣҪóǵ׼
ֻ벻һǡ
Ǳ߻һŹ
УǳϿҡֿذοˣУġķñʦͷñӶʾ˼Ĺ֮ЩʵĹġ
Ȼŭд޵顷ϷĿȴƫƫܹϲƷϷ̨ˣһеĵ˵棬棡Լ֪ûأ˴ס޳ܡֻΪϷ磬Ҳֻܳ䵱˵һʱǲˡ
룺ֻǣҲŰο͡ˡ


72 
ڡ޵顷аǿͷӵĿȣһҹ֮ȡ˹ˣΪ¹Ϊ谮Ůˡ
ֻһŮԱֺܵ΢
ǵĹ£ȴؼٽ谬ɯ壬ֱӴһְ͢λˡƾͷس
˵ɯԴʲô뷨
ֻ˵λǳԹѵͿ˵ģѾٲԹʲôϵڴ
ˣܹǳ谮˹ҲãμҲգճװһ˿֪ӣԼͷȥʹһŮϷӡ
Ҳ潫ԷһϷݵúܺõŮԱȥǶԷ͹Щ£ֻŹ̬ȣҲͿʹһ
һͷ¹ҲʲôɫǻĽɫ
ޱ֪һѵõĺŮˣһխ񶾵ŮԼǾ̹ӵġ
ԣƾŮȥȥʼն𾴣˶
ֻϧɯͲǵǸɷڴŮˡ
ԹЩνĺҲװһжӣʵʲôֿԣֻ޿κΣԸŹӰˡ
ô˵ĳ谮Ӧ£ʹͣÿŮԱڼ˹֮һ죬׳罻Ȧеĺˡ
ǣڹ⣬˶ֺúͷˣһġΪġиСٵġиʻֶʫġ֣һ㡣
˺΢Цͬ죬ʱʱϼЦˣƽص͵ƶǻʱɫ˺ЩǮ
ϰ
һܸԼˣǼѺõġ
˵п˿ȵļˡ
ڿȵļ˵һλ߸ϡңɼĹ壬ͻȻǮǷӡ͸ָһӣôܽпأǴѽ
ԣҲ˿ûбƵĸоΪϰǸˡ
ڲʮ꣬ʱ򣬼֪ʶռͷԿտգ㲻飬ͬ˴ҲûʲôϵĸǼһ㣨־Ȩڵᣬ֮ʲôģ
Ϊ˻ЩƮƮȻˣֻ򣺡ڲͬˣҺ͹˯ˣһվӣϸϸضԼûбøһźͬ˯ݡȻȥģ¹Щְɡ
֮ԱѡаŮǿͷӣΪһˬ졢ֱӣһӣԣôģ±Ůˣеײ࣬գֻ÷
˺ЩڱЦ˵סֵͼ
ƫƫ¹ƺԣΪһһˣֲͬһ֣ͬЩлĹǾ˵ҵǾΪܿɰأǲϲɲôҹƸûûˣˣҲʡ˱˴˲ٵ鷳ˡ
ǣȾԽΪԼ˲ˡ
ΪڱǰҲϷʱϰͽˣһŮǸʲܾδ˵Ĵ˽ⲻЩ㽺Ľ˼ǽ۵òÿŮ˶Ҫġ
ɼڿȶԡ
ǰϰȻһʼַһʵûʲô˼
Ȼ·˹Ҳǽס
ȴĪؾãλ˶ҵ̬ȣûʲô仯ء
ԭʲô¡
ȽЩʵڱ̫һЩԴ˾һֵĲһҪͬһҲܶԼ
ԣ˵״Ҫһʲôʱ򣬱æȹܹȥסˣִ˵Ϻãˡ
ʱ򣬽׸մӹǱ߳ﻹתźЩ飬ϤŮԱкûϣ΢һͷʹȥ
ɿȴһŲֵ·
ֻ̧ȥֲôͷһ䣺ôʲô𣿡
վ棬شһ˫üֻûѪҺӿغ˺һСһ䣺󣬴ˣ˽Ҫ֯ȥϱأ
ŶϢǺͨء
ڽעŲ˻¶һĨӵĹŹɫͬ£㾹ھ֪ˣ
кЩ̶Ҫֺء˿˵˳
ңΪʾԼڵزһ䣺ǱߵĺЩ飬˸أʲô֪ģҲҡ
Ĭ˺ü룬Ļһ¡
ףǲԸȥƭһɵŮ˵ģֱԸʹ㻹ԼԺƽƽģĻԶҪ˵ˡֻôͬ˵ɣأ룬ҲһǲԸԼߵ飬ͳͳй¶ȥɣ
ȼæ̧ͷɫ棬ȴƫƫӢۣؽ˵Ҳûͬ˵ֻǺ㡭Ŷõģ㲻Ըٲ˵ˡ
Ȼת˻⣬²˵·˹ˣǼ˵ǸͷݵɣһģҸ˵ѽϷ̨ϵױ磬ѾǴҼġҪˣܵĿĶƤʵѾˣҪȻֺɫıɴֱ֪ɴڹг˺öʶأһɴֱһ㣬ʱȹӣشϡ
㲻ˡ
ֱӴĻ˵ǺܺõģΪϷǹġ
ɵʲô
̾һĽ䣬ȴ־ûʲôôʣֻ䵭˵㲻Ҫٺ˼룬ֻҵİžͺá
⻰˵꣬;ֱ뿪ˡ
վԭأһֱıӰȫףΪʲôԼôŬʾˣɶԷȴȫֲõؽܣ̬ȸ䵭أ
󲻽ʱ򡭡
һŮԵЦ
ȼæͷ˹ȥȴ˹վڲԶ¶˼ֻı顣
Щ̫Լһء
˹ʵϲףɽײܿȵġֿ䲻ָգȴǼ񶾵ţúüŰɣ˶ϲӵġ
⻰˵ʱ˶־
ڵתϴһּĵ⣬ػһ䣺˵ʲôϻֻ֪ϲңԸͬ˯ġ
˹ԲüëöЩҧгˡ
ȴͷǴʤһȥˡ
ɵȵû˵ĵط
˹˵Ļʵؿֵ룺ԣǰĮΪҲҵһ𣿿ֻͬһ˯ǲһѽ


73 
죬ȷߣͬëɣ˹֮գƺһЩŹ֣ϡһ䣺ףǳ𣿡
ûСȷ˵
ûһСۡ
ëɣ˹һȻ෴ĻشǸسźȷһЦ̫˼ؽ˵ŮԵһСϣ˷硣
·˹ġ
һ߽ͣһѰԮغһһҲҵİɣҾãŮôʺκսⲢҲǡǡǡ෴ǳڶԽŮԵİҲϣܽشһȫĵطЩһΣա
ȷ֮ǰѾͬˣⷬ䲻ͬûʲô̫ķӦ
ֻעӽףĬĬصȴ˵һЩ۵㡣
׿˿ˣͻȻʣ֪Ϊʲôе磿еȴܻһ𣿡
ȷͬëһֲԼͬط˾ȺͺʣΪʲô
׾ͺһػشˣΪǸԼܲãҪȥͷܶٵǸȴܺԼӲµذ
ڳĬ˼롣
ȷһЦ˳
ëں
׼˵ŮʺϲʺκսҲ֪ѡȨԣָֻŵҪԶκսǱǱκսҾãΪͦΪǣӵġ
Ϊǣ
ӣ
ίʵֱӵۣôݺݵ˹
ëһã𣿡
׿϶ػش𣺡ǵģû
ǣë곹ûʼصͷȥ˼ˡ
ȷ˵ȴųЦݡ
ʤǿˣûгôǸë侮ʯʮشԷһЩӺʱ䣬վ˵ŰɣȥͷЩԵĶ
׺;ëȻûʲôġ
ĬĬĿźȷ¥뿪ˡ
ֳĬһ
գȴƽ˵ʲôҪĻʰһ¡죬˴뿪
ʲô˼˷𣿸ô粻˵ҪҪھ뿪һ۷ˡ
ᣡû˷㣬ֻպõõһõϢһ֯ǳǣԼĪʱ򡭡
ʲô֯ܳ𣿻ǣ˵ʲô˼һ˭һ
Ҳĵһһشˣ֯ϣԷûʲô⣻ƻ˳϶ܳǵģǾǵ˼ˣӦ֪ɣԸ϶ʮˣģʮûץ
ϢƺЩ̫
ëһʱЩӦ㾹ȻǸ֯ˣ֪𣿡
Ҳǡ
׽طֻһЩϢ
һ𣿡
Ϊʲôأ
аɣô˵ҶԷȷʵûʲô෴ҵͦͬǽʶһҪܼǸñӾͺˣ֪ñӵİɣǸùΪ֮רŰ䲼һ·ˣ
Լôһˡ
׵̬ɷֽܲ¶ʲôڷ˵
ëȴѾҽ̫ΰ̫˲ˣ·˹лᣬһҪúȥһ¡˼ֳߣѾﵽ˳ĵزڴ֮ǰҴûȥ۲һײũʲôӵģҲûȥ˼һӦ߱ЩȨ
Է˿ͻȻȣʮΡ
ԷԼЩô˵أʾ֭ѧλ֪ʶ㡣
⣬лһЩĿգ̲סؿڣôϲñӣǲ˵ʲô
ʲô
жѽɣЩ£ŵ¹䲼ʹǵɵԸ飬ţɱҲӷ
ι˵ʲôѽɱǡǵˣֲǷñӰ
㲻ܷϣһС
ޣҪǰ˵ҸˣñӺôֻһӣҡ
˵ëϸֳһʧͱ˵ˣҲ㡣·˹֪ʼᳫдԸġʱҵѾң˵Ǻûõ£ȴִطҪһԣ˺ܶԸǸұץɱˣǷñӣҲŶԡ
Ҳô˵
ʮȻ૵صһ䡣
ٶĻΪñ˵ͬĵţҲû취ȥοһεˡ
ëԸУȴƺһç
һڽӵ˽ĵزһȴç̧ĨһϵˮűҧгݣЩһֱ룬һֱ롭ǱضҪġ
ô˵üֹš
߹ȥὫַļϣңһ취ƽͳǣ㲻ᱻץҲᱻɱġ
㲻·˹Ҳںܲƽ뿪ǣҵѰע˵ġ
ëᶨ˵βˣ޷ȥڤͬҵؾۣ˳ػ뿪ˣôҲֻԼ˵ģڽС
ҷģҽΪɣ˹ҽΪҵǶ
ҷģҪеÿһ˶֪ǵ
ҪǼɵ
ҪǼȥսͣϢսֱҳ׸ı䣡

һŵͷҲֻʱҲŻáһоȡ
ԣȷ˶ʳʱѾָ˰
ˮ񣬶ڷһ顣
˵ǸɸģȴѾܺˡ
һԶʱ򣬺ȷ˵ָо͸ǿˡΪһǳн䱸ĵ·˹ףȻѵõͬëϲԵʳ
һڽ𣿡
ȷһοؼֱĸס
ЩҲᡣ
ȵ극󣬽׾ͽƻ֪˺ȷˣžǣȥһطȴȻƻĻڴԼʱ뿪ǡ
ڶѵΣȷ˽ƻ
ʮֵģǿţԼ¶ʲôɫӹѹü仹Ƿ硭
ǣ׼뿪Ľ׾ת˻
źȷһǰ΢ЦţһΣҲҪٸҴ𣬷ˣ
ȷϵɫˡ
Ц߹ȥӵף̫ز㣻ҹز㡣һ˺ӽʱԶע
֮󣬽׾ؼˡ
ֻϣһ뺣ȷ˼ֿףһë˵ڵǸԣ֮£ûע⵽һ֪ʲôʱĵظ
ңಽģôڵںͷβ桭
ˣ˽Ҫ³ʱպþҲͣסˡ


74 
·˹һȡһߺһߴȹӣ
ױһȴֻװһȵı飬վסˣֻתͷȥȻطһ䣺ǽ𣿡
ȿ첽˹鰧Թ͸һڴţǵģˡԵһͬ˵仰λȷĸСʱܲķӶϸҰɣ
ױͬϹϵһǰһصѾµԼǱˣĻἰȷˣо;ֻڲ֪Ǹʲô·һʱױֻ̬ͣȥ̽䣺ảȷʲôҪңӣֱ˵
ָͷֹؿʼÿܶȥ̽λأÿҪϺþãһܣȥĴΡ
ȵȣҲʲô˼ȣڶҵ𣿡
״Ļ룬Ҳʲôɵķ˰ɣԣȥȥϼΣҲûʲôġ
㸸ǲͬѽ
ȵɴ۾һ˵˵ƢԣǶ֪ġǱ֪ȻͷŮϷӣ϶Ҫİɡ
ⲻ£һ˵һ룬ͻȻӦе˼һ˲ú΢ΪȷҰ
˶٣仰˻ȥתĬϰ¶һЦݣԣˣר֪ͨҵĸףһŮϷ𣿡
Ȼǣ
һǺæ״εؽҲҪѽ㲻ҵġҲûоʲôҲҪָʲôﵫԵĹ壬вŮ˵ģֻǵ˱Ƚϸ񡭡ҲŲҪ״찡ҵ˵ʲô
֮Ҳ˵㸸ײáֻǡֻǣˣȻԸܺȷˡ˵ҲǸŮԱš㲢ûƲԸôΪʲô
ΪʲôԸ⿴һأ
״Ϊس˿㵽˵ʲôȣ
ʱѷģʶǰһУһ£û漰ʲôΣգ·Ҳûʲôԣֻ΢Цŷѵб°ݵȹ»𣿡
ѽرʲôѽǲͬġ
桢顢еţֻϲ㣬ˡѵһûиоѵһϲǲŵģǲϲңΪʲôôУϷأӦöҲһøеİɣ
ֻǹֻʺǸɫ
ûԷϣ˵Ҳϲ㣬ܱǸ
Ȳɾŵһڿһˡ
ֻͷûٰ⣬ŮҲǲռռ˵ġ
˿صܾǷǳ˲˼Ϊˡ
ˣ̲סһˡ
һȻʣҳ̫Ŀ𣿻ҵоֹݡ³ˣȷʵкЩ˵ûʲôŮζҡ
֪Լѽôվ̨ôܻùأæο˼䣬
ĩˣȴҪһ䣺ȫŮô࣬ܲüһһҪȥϲɣԣⲻ㲻ãװģֻҲƭ㡭
ԸƭѽΪʲôƭأȿ¡
û˻˵̾һĬĬվһԡ
ô˺һȼʼûлת˼ܵؼҪιȥ
ȻʵڲøǺˣֻܿ޿ת뿪뿪һ̣̲סػͷҪϿ¶һ⡣
ź׵ıʼնûиı䡣
ֱʻÿҪˣһ۾¶һֽûڵɫţ֪ôɵ˵ʲôҲԱģ⹬͢ȦӣҪ˵ġ
һͷȿһ·Ȼصк󣬻ſڴϼޣĵͬһ㡣
ʵŪ׽ΪʲôܾԼСǵ·Ǻ˳ģҶֻ͸һ˼ȥЩ幫ӸæشˣǸ϶ϲߵġ
ףҪ˾ܾ
ʵ̫ѿˡ
Ϊ˿޵ҪҪһɵͷҿȵˣ϶Ҫ׷Ī
̫ͶԵʡ
ǽ컹Լһˡ
ǣϰ߽ʱ򣬱㿴⸱龰
Ǻλ³裬æȵشչȥôװģ˭ѹˣ
̧ͷ۾Ǻ׵ġ
ϰһֱչˡˣ;һˣˣ㺬ᣬʵؽԼܾ顣
ϰЦĿһӱúζǾºܺһ
Ȱο˵յ˶ôɣӣСҲʵϡˡ
ǸкȵŮ˾ͺܺãġ
˵۾ֻǿңôϲ
ôеϲֺαںһıأ
ϰô˵ţͼ˳ֵһֻ첲ȥ§ֽͷչȥҪһĴ
˭֪ȳһһѽƿ͵̧־ϴһĶ⣺ʲô
ŭǴţ㵱ѣ¶㣬֪ϲ·˹ˣȴصشң
ϰ±Ƶض˺һװģ˵ģʱ̲סشЦҵ죬ǸȻڿ˵ʲôϲ·˹Ҫôͬ˯أ
һʶر⣺Ȼǲͬģ˱£ҲôģҪϲ˲š
ϰЦˣаɣҶˡ˹⣬ֻϲ·˹ԣֻͬ˯
ȴؿܾ⻰ôöƺûʲô
һʱ֪ôӦֻɵɵţԼովȻ˶ԷЩСʣϰˣ𣿡
ϰνذ˰֣ѵõĿһΣ벻ض룬װģ㲻ʲô¡
ĵ˵ҶһɣƩŮ£ûôҪʲͬ˯ǳڰο뷨㲻ǸҲԡֻǽʶͬ˭˯ϲ˭ʵûʲôȻϵʱؼǵ̸һ̸ܣҶԴ˺ڴء
Ŀɿڴţľ͵¹ͳͳ򷭡
ֱʱʶƺһ£һνײ罻ȦӣҲûôá
ֻȦˣײȷʵҵߵģڽǮȨƵĶ£Ȼ
ƷϣȱԼԵʣʳܵһ󲻵ĵز
ñڡ
鷢չˣøһ䡣
ɸΪ޳ܵĵطڣϰתͰ½Цһظ¹
ֻڽḶ́ûԼʱͬ˯ģֻ˵ӵԷһοʱ򣬾ͱˣֺ޹һ⡣
һ棬ΪºܺЦǿǸ̬ȣ
һ棬ʵЩʹԽ׵ĳ谮ԣ˸ӡ
Ϊ¹ںʲô٣żЩںŮ˵˼ǲԼϡ
ԣϲ·˹ʱȷʵһ΢Ĳã뵽·˹ȴĪЩˣһʱ䣬ܸӡ
գȥ
µ˼·תһǶȣλȷ˵׳ʲôأҼǵã·˹ͬһΣʱԼǵãͲСˣ˾ȻԵ·˹Ī÷ǳ𣿾жأȿȻ𣿡


75 
ֹЩ죬㵽˽ͷݳһ졣
׼õϷĵ˽֡
ȺŮԱǴǿװϷվڼϣĲֽʻһ·ҡС
ϼֵȺԭЩŮϷǵĿǼΪҲͬģȫΪ׷ʵЩ˷ס
ŮǴ󷽷ı֣һ竹Ӹ紵ſڵȲʣջǽ
ֻһݡ˼ҵŮӲġЩŮԱȷʵݺʵͲͬϷʲôǿԵġ뷨ͷ
Ͼվ쵼λϲʿǶһ׮ʾϿɵʱ򣬼׮鲢漰ǵ棬ôΪóͺ˵ǣͨǻѡĬĬؽܡ
ǣֻôһǱʲô˷约ף³ּΪѵõֻ֮УΪϵıݻ
¹ϰͽףһװس˽ֵϡ
Ϊ˱İȫһӵгԱòҲŹװİ磬ٷѾػΪ㣬ܣͬʱҪӵȺУȫ䱸ع۲ûΣյ
⹤ɱҪ鷳öࡣ
ΪˣһӵĶӳ׵ĿⶼŷŭֿҪҲΪϰһࡰֺֻ֪ùΪӲǴ֡ļСˡ
ʮԩ
ŷҪЩ˳ǵ飬ʵŹôĴҹ䡣
ϰߥ޹棬ȴ麰
һȻû취ܾˡ
ʱ¹ͻȻԣͬ˵кЩˡڿҵӹûǺܲûʲôؤһľѽ
ʵΪЩؤͨʱ˷
ңϸĵȥĻܷһЩߵģ磬ڻϵŮԱǣʱʱһЩǹȥԣЩǶһ·׷ųܣЩǼǳŽŵģһڡС
ƹϰˡ
ͨͷȥԴҲӶˡ
ԣϰ̴Դǻоݵ˵һһϲŵġ
飬ǽһͨͨػʮٱȻŵôҴҴææظȥɼȥˣȴ֣ǲһ׮׾پͿԽС⡣һƬģʱҲʵڷѽ
Сǲô֪δᷢչɴأ
Ȼͱ˸׵ĹϵôãôֱӵĹ׻ǻ̲סطһ£ܵǲϲţ⣬ǴСܹ鶼ҪġѵΪ⻹СͿ֮ˣ
ѽƣ
¹ʱ򣬻̸¡
ԣϰͽӮ
ʮȻز⣬²ָǰеĻЦŵ˵ʵڵģŶƺͽʱ򣬻ͦôһµģô޳
£ߵǸŮҲܳءϰ˳ŹĻһЩŮԱǡ
һǲ۵ģֻ֮ǰǷףһʱЩ
񡭡
ûܿ¹ͬϰĵؽһ΢ЦֽͷӶ˼䣺·˹˭ҲλȷˣʹҲʹ
һͷļԱҪǵǼˣԼëһȫͨһ㣬ҲȺС
ŴظŻǰߣ·ҲЩݸסˣԣҪôһ·׷ſ
֮ôԵʡ
Ϊн·߱Ҫſڵģң˵˳Ŵһֱݡ
ôһǵĿǱȻᱻʱıݸȥġ
Ǹպÿĳǣν
ʵϣʲôأ
Ϊݳǽǰŵġ
ǣԱڻظ裬Ƿ׷ɵĲֽͻ䡣
ӵȺһĺӣŻ֣ǰ
һжռƻɵؽš
Ҫŵʱ򡭡
һŽŵ˶ȴͻȻԱߵһ̫ͬܳܵˣһСľˤһԱĸǰȻ
Աֺܵ˵ѽޣޣˤû
Žŵ˶ʵغһۡ
Χ·ؿȥһۣΪǴ˺С㲻עˡ
ɳ˶עʱ˶ȴһ䣺뿪ﾯˡ
Աʧɫæվֱ壬Ҫȥ֪ͨҡ
˶Ҳҡ
ϢѾ֪ͨˣҲˣĨһʮֻһˡ
ʱҾ뵽ſֻʣס
ɻȥһλžһץٶˣּӺٶ˲ġ˾ѾһﾯӺͷ˹
Ƕġ
ûͷȥʱ˶ûע⣻˾ͷʱȴǼ۵ģһ۾ܿ
̫ˡ
ֲֻˣԣǵǰٶȻԽ
û˶ļʱ֪ͨ
ٻٶȣҲվ׷ġ
һ˼ˣҲԸԴУϣǰŻ΢ٶǰУת׷Ⱥųŵķ˹ȥ
˺һﾯ;Ӹ£ͣǰţͼȺҵЩӷӰ
ˣһ˿ʼǱܵʱ̾ͱˣ˴ˣ
˵ץסǣˡ
ǣﾯǷ׷ǰֳǰ·Ⱥߺţ
ǣȺֲͣϱݵͳͳһֵøûЩˣҲûϡ
ˣа಻סƢﾯͳſйߵػ˱ӡ
иֵģɴ鵶ʣֱӽ߾ٹͷѩĵڵغﾯץˣͳͳ
Χ˹ȻŵüУɢӣ
ϡͿʱ򣬲һЩô۵ˣһͷײﾯǵ
Щ˶Щ궯ʱһţܾ𣬷˻
һЩΪ˾Ӿ״Ҫӡ
һֳҳųŵķӿȥ
ϵԱǻ֪ô£԰ڱݣ
ܵȺǷܡУ
ﾯӵѵǰ壻
һȺ˳ųܡ
һ泹ҳһ࣡
Զһؽ»룬עܡ
ϰɫѩףֲͣӲȵԼİȫҲĹİȫ⣬㲻ֹͣ£ȫȻعɣ
¹򶨡
ǰҵĳ棬ϻŭɫ˲ϰȷ߷ߵһ䣺ģڸʲô
ţһֱǱ
ĩˣҲûֵǱ߳ɹץʲô˺װģͬ˵£ԭҸ׵çײҪĻҲ뿴˥ķϣ췣ɣ
¹Ŀһ΢Ц˵װ·˹˵Ǻܺ
ײֽػش𣺡ϾҸס
¹΢Ц˵ûĸףˡϣ˵⣬ʼձȥһֱ䡭


76 
죬ڷһӳʱ
ͬЩﾯǻҵһŭ
λϴǰñźЩ˵棬Ϊʹˡ
֮⣬ƺ˵ѾϵĲáˡ
һ˵ǷǳΣյԤס
ο֪Ĵ̫ࡢ̫ˡ
¹زôϿƲƽϡʵϣ׮׮ĬĬؼ
õʱ򣬶ԷпͣһûˣҲ͵˵ʱ򡭡
ΪˣȲҪһ֤Լˣȴõġ
ôɵ뷨ڵ׷ˣЩ˼ŵʱ򡭡
˽֮£һҲܱģǱ뽫Щӷץ
ﾯһͺźͰԵƽʱҲٽѲ鷸˵Ľڣթͨյ˿ġ
˶пƣôһʱõɱһ㣬ӱޡۣЩܵƽˡ
ΪҲйġ
ȴôˡ
ǣһ߷ʱһĸ׷˿޺
ԽԽ˶ŭ󺰴еؿǴֵĶΪ
һЩƢȺз˻ðɵһһȺĻ쵰ƷͳͳȥǵѵѵҪһֱ˲̤ܾĥĶһ㣬ֻ֪ѵҪҹʹ𣿡
ЩǷɽɲݶеĻǣ˲ȼһ
ߵһһĳˮһӿȥгʯͷģŹȥȵģкЩسȥȥקϵﾯ
յĽǡгԱӾëһ˳س˳ǡҴææϹ׷ǵĵԼﾯǣȫû
⣬ǷŭԵʡ
ºҪ׷鵽˭һϮ˭ɿڵʱȴһ޿ɲľ档
¹Ϊŭȥʲôǰͷ㽫˺ݺݳһ
˽£ֹͬϰ˵ĵ벻ôһͷҲãһʱ䣬ûʱ˵ʲôˡ
ϰҲֳһĨЦΪֻز˵ǵȻѽ˵Ϲʱ򣬻ˤȣҲ֪ܲܺˡǲãֻպ·Ҫһȳһյˡ
ô𣿡¹װһȵӡ
Ȼ룬ΪؾȻˣһͷһЩȥֵֵҲڼңúһ¡
ʵⲻΪʵΪðˡ
ϰֵÿնͷùģһ鶼ûУһƨ̫ʴȿˣ
ʴȿ𣿡
ڼĵҲôһЩ档
Ѿǳƣ˥ˡ
ңǰ۲䡢̵ִľͷƺҲȥֻнľһʹࣺ·˹ҲϰǶԵġ²ҪµˣֻҪʱ̶ͬˡ
ȫ뱻ϰһ
Ҫͬ˸һذŹȥһЩάҺ͹棬ͬʱѹȵײյ飬ȻǲܣҲġ
ˣҲû
̾һ¶һѻӣ뵡سӻ֣ʾ뿪ˡ
ױһ˸ףǴĵϢȻһﾯץˡ
һͰ˼˶æλץĴˣʱעĶ򡭡ЩԱͬëһˣ˵߲ˣ
񣬵˱ʵЩأң˵ˡ
һʱҲü׻ˣֻʱѡ뿪Щ̽
µĹһۡ
Ǻõġ
Ƿ·һʵͻȻ
ĪЩˡֻ򲻹ܶѹջ緢
һҲһ䡣
У¹ֻŴѹϲϳֱѹú޶־ϰһ˼ǴھУоȴҲûץסʲôص㡣
Ϊ
ڵŭ𣬱˶ҵľڸǣ
ڵķû׷ӷж֮¡
ǣ˶ΪҪı仯
ڴ֮ǰ˱Ƶ·ϵķ⣬йͨչȻǰ
һգ򵥹Ϊ̫ർµһҡȴʷһΣΪﾯ·ʽԶԷȡһ
ûǰ֯ûǰѵûͳһĿںţûʲôרŵ쵼ˡ
һжǳѡûǿȣûգ޿̺һͻأ
ȻСģĻңƲʲô塣ȴԽ֮ΪһԤݡ
ǣȵһΣһΡ
ַʽݵһ죬ǱؽҶΪ֮ʧɫģ
ûܿôԶ
¹ԾѾ˷ۣܿɹ£ѹ˾ɹĴˣڸ֮ǰ׵ܵܺı¼ֱһְλ¹ĴƶҲľٱʱ伣ص͵
ǣڳһƬƽ
ȨաǬٶϣַתѰճ̡
գϰ뺣ȷˡ
ʵǵһμλˣ֮ǰżеļ棬ԷءׯֻŪͣԣûô⡣
ϸϸضһλȷʵѾͣҲ̸ʲôȷʵΪڲͬЦʱ򣬸һּ׵ĸо
¹һϲã²һλ˻᲻ó衣Ȼ󣬷¶һ΢Ц˵ˣġ
ң
ȷЩϰ²˵Ǻս˹ʲô𣿡
ϰ΢΢һλͬԼĸ׻еġ
ǣԻͣҸ޹أһλҪˣΪʲôϳأڹȥλ·ϣÿͬϸ̸һ̸
Ȼⷬ󣬺ȷȴɻվǣûжҲûбֳʲô˵ӡ
г̰ź󣬾ͺȻػش𣺡²УһкЩҪȥءˣλǣɿУǽлᣬֲĻҵȱء
ϰɫôÿˡ
΢΢üظǿţˣͬλ棬ӦñҪҪٱΪǼ󡭡
ȷƽ͵ػش𣺡ǸҪȥһزŮҿûʲôһ˵彡Ҫˡ
ϰ۾ֿ˿ܡ
ȷΧûʲô˺ѹ˵ˣҰɣͬλ棬Աκ¶ҪΪǵĹ£
ȷʮ־ɹʲô
ûõˣ
ϰʱѾЩͣû˵ˣϳɣܹһ׮£ĥˣʵѾ̫ˡ
ȷ˻ԥ˵ǣҲȥѽ
ϰȴԼ׮򵥵Ĳ°ˡ
ʾ⼸³λĥĥķ˸롱˳


77 
ȻѾû취ı䡣
ȷ˱ҲһЩûֿԵˡ
һԲԴԼϰˡΪĲͿ飬ʱȴǵûһȥӲӲֻؾصһׯŵ̬
¹΢Цţؽһʵʧ
ֻȷէʲô޹Ⱥˣ֮ȣҲѷɫ
ʶأüĿ㣬ֹŶзϣһ֮ΪֹҲǲŲæģվͷ·һȻ羰Ļէƽƽ棬һֱô򵥵ؿšţҲܱȾ̬ƽ
¹˾Щ˼
Χûгֹ͵Ůˣֻǡ
Ӧֱ뾭һ׷󣬷ֵܵŮˡ
ƾŹḻľ飬λĬĬôһжϡ
ҲˣЩ
һ¶ϲһ׵ʧľѾʱȥ׷һŮˣ丶͵õƺôȵӣ
ǿûʲô˼
ңͶͱҲȥǿȱˡ
뵽¹㽫֮ǰ׼õ彻ƻ˸ģţշ
ǣڵһμʱ
λ±ֳ̬ȣǺֺܶͰ׵ġ
ǰòٶɥĻ
ȷ˼Ҫƭȥˡ
ٶԵʡ
λ°ڳôƵ̬ȣȷû취еǷݾ裬ʼձһ־нصӣСػشÿһ⡣
ôɸɰͰ͵˵һ
¹ֽȤֲίԼ˸ڣת뿪ˡ
ȷ˱Ӧϰͻȥġ
ϰǸ׸ƵСˣλ˲ŽȥûþͳȻϵ֮ͬȻû̸׵ܾ˹ǹԭ򣬶ֻ֤ˣλ˲ù谮
һȻϸŸȥʲôָֻ˸ˣԸͻȥˡ
ȷҲֵÿϰǰףһ
ֻ·ɲҷɣ³ʲôʡ
ڻصԼķų׷ƽ¡
Ȼ漰̸ʲôܡ
ȵ˵ڶ죬ܶ˾ͶѾ֪¹˽ټȷ˵顣
Ϊˣȷ˻سһ
ܶ竹Ӹ׷иպٰģֱӣֵ뿴һοϵŮ˾Ǹʲôӡ
ȷ˽ЩͳͳӽͰ
Ȼžŵλϰ΢΢һЦԳ˵ƣЩУϷͬ˵仰Ҫ׾ٱأ
λĵϰȴݣ˵ǣҲа
ϻֳЩɫµ˵ȣǰ˵Ҫĵġû뵽ôѣңǴȥˣͬһȥѽµطȻûǷôûôǷǡ
ȷһ
Ǹǻ϶ԥͬ뿪
ڣողźͺܶ־ͬϵĺѽļӴ׼ȥˡ
ʱͻȻˡǰ
ȷ뵽㰵⡣
Ǹֵ˵ǸΣҿҪˡ
ϰȻѿڶʣΪ˹
Ȼȷ˾صô뷨ѵҲЩҺ͹ʲôϵûеġ
ϰ˵ȻûϵΪʲôͬһȥ
ȷ˽ֽ˽º͵˵ܶԲԭĶݣڣȴȥһЩˡȥЩ͵һеĸףǲҪһҲʧȥԼĺӡ
ôһϰϵɫ
ȴǼֵ˵ôȣǾŵˣҶҪȥҲøһȥ
ȷʮֲؿ˹ȥⲢ˵Ļء
ΪλϰǼĵģûСԱߡ飬ͻȻôһΡ
Ϊʲôô˵أΪʲôһҪͬһȥأȷ˲ǳɵز²⣺ҪǡҪߣ𣿡
ϰһ̰յɫȻ֤¶ˡ
²µȷĴ𰸣ȷ˷ɻˣΪʲôأö˶˵ġ
ȥ飬һΪЦƣȴʮа˾űͷͻأسԺУѵǹЩǣ
ˡ
Ҳûʲôˡ
ϰص˵㾹Ȼµˣǡ˹ˡ
ȷ˻󲻽⣺ȷʵͬûʲôϵأҲһҹˣΪʲôҪô
ϰ岻Цش𣺡װĺѽҪ֪·ϣǿԱֻϵĻ±˴˲ûʲôϵҲǲȥһŵġ
ȴԭȷ˵ĵλײϵͣƫֲһ㣬˹ĳ谮
ˣ˿ǡûôϲı־
ݵλߣֲùĳ谮
˹˵һֳɵӡ
οҲû̫֡
Ҽɣ뷨ӣţźȷһ𣬸ϳǣ
ͬʱҲһ䴫ԡ
ＫΪջ𣬼Ⱥ޹ҪľȻǺȷˣֺϰÿÿΪŰɺ£
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¹ȻЦͬͣװ·˹㲻ôС¾͵͵ԹҰɣϣҿԷģ˵ЩҥԡҲǳں棬˼λˣʵϿʲôûѽ
״ʱҲ֪ûʲôȴȻӲװʲôνӡ
ʱķǲʲôרһģű˸˯ˣҲҪһںӣ˲ʱֺѡ
ɽȴƫҪʱֺѡ
ŭŴֻڳһСӣּǿ˵ȷʵôˣ¡
ѾôˣȴƫƫҪҵǽǣϲһλˡ˵ԹģҲܡ
һ֮֮յ˵λˣҲġԣҲܺȲϷҲ
ôһֻȥޱˡ
¹ǱȻҵ̹Լȷʵ˵ΪŪһ㶣̶ֱʲôһ֮֮ƨ˵Ǹ˸˵ʲôޱˣֱǿҵĺġ
˵һλ̫࣬ڶԷ¶ЩľĹ˵һǺȤġ
ˣϱЦݣһֿԵЦ⣬ֺǺǵʣôҪȥ˭أ
΢΢̧ۣػش𣺡Ǿϰ˰ɡ
ժףͻӵϰǰսϰˣƷһŮ˲ʲô£㻹еܣ𵶽Ҷһ


78 
Щ꣬о
רôһϲҫˣʱʱһھ廨š
磬һ񲻶ԣһ仰˵òͶխС·ˣ˴˶ãǮˣһλ˵İȵȡ
Ϊʲôˡ
ɷ¹һ㽥Ҳôʢˡ
ֻϰ߳Ժֺ޵ĺ֮硣
ȻСɱҪѧϰˣŪôӣҲûʲôɱˡ
찲һ࣬ѧĶѧˣֻѧһӡ
ǣս৵һ¾Ͱˡ

һʱ벻Ӧþܾͬ⣬æۿٵؽȫ¸ɨһ飬Էòߴİ
׼Ҳż䳡滰ʱ򡭡תһ룬λ˼ҵ˽ǰƺµģһǣǺܴҰĪҪͬƴģ֪˽ӻ᲻Ҳһࡣ
Һö˶˵ΪʲôҪðַգ
ϰֱֹδսӡ
ͬ෴ŭ壬ﻹðŻ
ԹޱˣԼûﺣȷֻع㱧š´䣬ôҲҪһͷȺúʰһɿİףԣͺڣһĲݵ׺ӡ
ˣϰԽǿԽ顣
ټϻһӰǰҲ˵˹˻£Źһء
ЩԽԽ£
ЩȴԽԽˡ
ϰǺߡ
ԴһαŹ⾭ֵڴܶŹΪͳͳܾģʮֲûʲô
ѵҪһΣٱ˿һ֣ҿɲɣ
鱰ӵ˻̫ϧˣѾԹһֵ͵Ŀˣ㲻ԸٳԵڶΡڣͽױһȡһԵûУֱӾͷ
Ž׵ƣڳ޿κεӣؾغԩϣ㵽˵ʲôѽʲôƷһŮ˰Ǵûµѽװ·˹ҵѣȫ˼ʹеĵطңҲǴġ
ò˵ֹֻͬ˵ҪҪһ
·˹
¹ͻȻ죺ʲô˱أǸҲҪиƱ硭Ļѽ
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¹ϸֳһ΢Ц⡣
ʼٸߣȴƺǰϷǳȤ۾
Ϸ鿴Ϸ
Ϊ˱ϰ汻ûǰæԲ飬ִԺе˵װģҶԺȷ˵̬㻳ˣʵڱǸúܡǧҪᣬֻǳں͹һС˼Ҫġϰ
Ҳл⡢£չΪ֮ϣңҲԭ
׹Ȼ붾ϰ˼ֳԼԺȷ˵ά֮⣬պûע⵽ʱϰ㲻۵ðԷЩõ顣
ˣ˹һ͵Ļʹþˡ
ֻϰЩգʲԸӣΪ˵˵ҵȻֻҪԭϰ֪һ£ܵȵǸɣ
˭֪ߵĻո¡
ϰȴ·ǳ⣬õһ㣬˿ںʲôǰһϹװѣҲĴΪĲԸֿǸ⣬ϣҲΪ֮
׾صһ
ֻΪսϣûʱ򣬾Ѿ߾ٰ죬Ͷˡ
ǣŭƽϢ
ȡ֮һֱɱ
Ҵˡ
װ룺ֵڹҾĶء
ˣ¹ȥԼһܺ󡭡
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ϰȻ׵˵ϣʡˡ
ЩҲᡣ
ֻ˵״ӹг󣬳ڵĵԵʣתȥѰȷˡ
ڴ֮ǰð壬ͬ˵ĹϵԵʣԣرλˣʵҲһԼ£۶Է
ɾ˹ϰһ粨ͻȻʶһǣҺǣԺٲˣ飬Һ֮䣬ôأ
οͬһϵûУҲЩ˵Ĺ壬ٻϰһ޳ܡƤģͬһɫˡ
ԣȫĵطأ
䵣ڲ֪ĵط£ֱӽ뵽Χڣܹǡһգܻһˡ
ˣ⣬ɴѧЩ竹ӸǣҲҪԼһլˡ
ǣºȷ˲ںԼȴҲԵ޹ʵؾͬȥסġ
ײЩѡ
ɵǡ
ϰ˹ˣλǵвѾʹ뿪ǣϼȥˡ
ȷھԵʣһʱѲѡ˼¡
׳û롣
ֻ·ҪԷ룬ʵ鸾üëһЩΪµ˵ҲռʲôˣᣬˡֻΪѣΪṩһŵĵطңΪܱɧţͷϲ̫ǡҲû˼
ȷ˺⣬º͵ؾܾˣҲںʲôͷҲΪѾһֱ㡣
Ȼʮ̹Ȼ˵ȵߺʱûʲôˡȻЩҲһЩ۳ԴסУҪ´ġܲΪѣҾȥġסġģ£
ײͷ˼
Ȼһ뷨ִŵԥʣˣΣҹҸнˮ
ȷɻؿЦ˵죬˵˵ȺȲĹǾͱ˵ˡ
ײ΢Цæһ䣺ôأһݱȽ鷳Ĺ
Ŷȷ˰ŰɵĿ
׵˵ǵдʱ𣿵ʱдͷ汾ΪдúܼЩֺͲͨ˳Ķ䣬Ҹ˺Щ
ǲֵһᣬֻϸ֦ĩڡ
ƽʱ̫æûոЩϸ֦ĩڡ
ԣ˼
˵кЩҪдҪ˰æ޸ģԼ䵱ߡ
ŵǸĹȷ˼ţվ̾һ
Цε˵һǾãֻΪ˰ңһҪ˵Ĺ
ײ˵꣬ʹĻͻأһ䣺ˣҿ𣿡
ȷ΢΢һػش𣺡Ȼ
漴־ãĻشδ̫ʺˣæֲһ䣺룬ӦǿԵİɡ
õģ̸ܹһˡ
һɵ˵ʲ̸Щڱˣ˵ص㡭
һ˵ţһߴӿڴͳһͰ͵ֽ˹ȥǸ鸴ӣֻдһ룬ûüдģ㿴ܾҡʱԼҲûʲôĵģܾøʲô
ȷؽӹֽӽֽչ˹ȥֻһ۱ЩȻֻֽдţ
⣺γԵһˡ
⣺ͷʼ


79 
γԵһˣ
һ򵥵ģҪԼĵλܸߺܸߣĵλܵͺܵ͡
ΪĵλԶԶظ󣬹ƶ
ȨԲٿ˵壬ʹ֮ΪһƷȻԸҪԵģӴˣҹͣһֱҲΪĸԸΪѪΪֹ
ƪŵģʽ彲ȥԵһˡ
Уҡдߣ㡯Ƕߣ͡ǡָˡ
Ҳۡҡ͡㡯ǲࡣ
ֻôһţνһ̳ԴңҪĸԸطԼѪ⣬ô˵Ƿǳ㤵ˡ
һûдĲݸ壬ͳҲôλ
ȷźһ꣬˰죬ػ
᲻Ὣҵɱ̬
һ̧ȥϸϸع۲캣ȷ˵ɫһڰ룺ִ˿˺Σ˶һ£ľˣŻûⷽļʶأ˸㲻öΪʲôа˵
һƪ񶾵¡
һȷ˲ſô۵˵
ǣ׵˲ˡ
Ϊ˲ʧȥѣòʼ뷨ӽƱ硭
Ȼһ̣·ת
ȷ˳̾һƫƫÿһ仰ܶԡ
״˼룬ٵȷ˵仰һ飺һƪ񶾵£ƫƫÿһ仰ܶԡ
ˡ
ûˣýƱˡ
׵»ָʡ
΢Цһ䣺Ϊдúܶԣ
˵Ҳϡ
ȷüëƺΪ˺ܵӣЩ·ͷҵߣñһΡ
[ƶ㹻ãǶΪṩһʵʳƩ磬ƿԱǣôΪߵǾҪÿܽʮѪ㣬Ϊѡ]
[ϰһֻ˳룬ֻҪ˱ѣ´󼪡Ȼ󣬸Ѫشݱѣȴ˼ΪʲôҪѣ㵽ױʲôѵҲΪݱʧȥѪ]
дãҲܡ
㲻ÿʾͺá
˵ʵұд̫ףֻдγˡд˵ķӦʲôӡţһЩͻȻкʱŸ𺳡һѧֵˣɴȴЩ
ϡ
ȷ˲ظʣչһЦݡ
ͷֽһ£УسԼȷ磬ֹⴹ۲ȥףֻԹԵ˵ףķ翴ŵмأ·ʲôӵֱʡ
һµģֻŴЦϵʣô˼Ƶ𣿡
ȷ̧ͷȥϹŵȴǼѹסĿЦݣƺҲװȥһһؼ˵ǰģģʹЩͬ˵˶Ҫ´ͷأɲڣ
ֻûܸһûޱӿϡ죬·˹شҰաר䣬𣿡
ײɷһ̾Ϣȥɣһֻˡ
ȷеȻ
ʲŵĻǼµĸ̾ɽ׵ôһ仰·治һ㣬һʱ治ԷǴ˵Ц˵ˡ
ڽûʲôԽһԪó
ֻôһع˵֮дܶƵĶңһ㳫һдһչ޵ģϣ˼ԣҪһɿİ֣һ˯ţ͵͵ҳ˵İ֡ˣˣĴأ
Ȼ
һ̣ȷ˵۾Ͽҵҵĵز֮á
ü죬׶źȷܡ
ŵǡȷѰһʵסʵȴһ㹻ȫεķӣԹպдĸ壬ԶһЩ漰ʽĿͬüȵȡ
ǵЩʵķӾҵú
ң˺üΪԭô⡣
ôһ罻ȦвһЩԡ
竹ӸǱߵ˵ǣŮģʮ鷳СôϷԻͷʲôء
ŮʿߣЩ˷ãһѡˣúÿûǮ
жԽױ׹Ŀȣһļˮ
ѹ룺ҶôѽʹҵĻŲôޡⳣסҶνġ
¹һֵ뷨ˡ
״źȷĴҷӡΪΪСӴűĴءЦõ룺ǲ֮ǰĻҪʾӲɣǺλ˵ô𣿡
ϰûðͷ
Խ֮ǰĵսЩޣֻûʲôʵķңûΪʲô·˹ǿݺͳ谮㰵۲죬ݲˡ
Щ⣬һҲ¡
˲ǱˣйݻԼЩɻ飬ֽ˹ˡ
ǳɵһ׮ǡ
ڽ״źȷĴҷʱλ˶ĺҲˡ
ʱ⺢ӵ¹ͬȵһѰ֡
⺢ϵĸ׺Ҳͷ죬ͬһЩǺȾơơ
˹ڴϺ˻ߡ
ڴߵСϣƾž飬ȥĶӡ
˺ܾá
ʱһŵĻ˵һֻҽŲڲһʹԣ˱ǣһֻʵڲеʱ򣬾ͷŹȥԡ
Ǳŵˡ
˹ǼʱѺӸ˳
ȻڴϣǺӾ͸ˡ
ΪǺǸŮңͰֺ͡죬ûҲûҵ
Χ˼ͬ˵⺢ӽġ
˹˶ôᡣ
޺޵Ǹӣ룺ҪʲôأҾΪôһģʧ˹ĳңò伣˺ü𣿰ĺӣĸףĸסҪɱˣ
˵ӵĸס
ǲָˣôأ
뵽Ůֱ׳ش󺰣أǣԼĺ𣿡
ΧһƬû˸Ҵǻ
˹˵ʶԼʱһ˹ĵġ
ҧҧһ
ʵûգ̣ǽͷŤȥʹһ
ϣػ
̬ȵҲûкܲɷ񣬼װġӦµһۣȿǸճСŮӤʱѵõ¶һЦ佱˵⺢òѽ׻˵ĸŮֻ³ҲǸС
˶٣ʶֻǸճСӤ㽫ڵ໰˻ȥװµһЦ
˹ȴˡ
⻰÷˻裬ǰһڣŻʱ򣬺Ѿ֪ʧԣˡ
˹ֻһ
˹һգ˽ͬȷ˵Ĵԡ
УһһĺˣģŮ˰˳
˹˱ͻȻұҪ޸ѽ


80 
׺ͺȷҵһʵľ
ǷһٺӵĶС¥λ̸ƫƧЩԵʣġңĸֺܺãһպͣպÿԷһЩ㱻˿ĸϡ
ǣǺܿͽ
֮󣬺ȷ˵ͷ˼ҵ飬רֽʣϸĽҪҪõĶһһ¡
һͷȴԵûôˡ
˸ҡĿУͷͷȫһһʱ˵ҪǽϹҸʱ˵Ҫ̺
磬Ȼʹ˰˺ö߲ˣһءȻ󣬿ĵӣʮֲڵϣľһӳ÷Щ߲ˡ
Կ׵ķ̫̫Ŀɿڴؿһ󣬾ʣЩҪ̨ϵ˵ʵڵģװģλǡڲͬ˵ˣôһǵһο̨ϲ˺ʹС
ȷ˺ݵ˵ɣܹҲɫ
̫̫һͬԼվǸˣҲö˵ʲôֻһֹšⲻ棬ˣ̫ѽĻһ뿪ˡ
ȷһֱ΢Ц
Щֹȫȡˡúúã˵öԣҲ̫ġº̬ȡ
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״ֻ֣վԶŸͷԼõľͷӣӢ޿޵ϾȻ¶һЦ
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ġһܿЦŻش𣺡Һܾûôɹˡ
ȷ˲Щԣմ֣²ʣϲֲ
ȷе˵ϲܳԵĶ
иػش𣺡֪𣬷ˣֵغܳԵֲܴ˼ǿİȫкͳɾ͸С
ȷЦȤۣ⻰ũ˵
ԣɷٵؿһֻۣһ˵½Ŀƿ΢ͣ˼󣬾ЦĿͬ˵ǰҾǸũ񡣡
ȷݸһЦѹû⻰ϡ
Ц֣Сһس֣קȥϴ֣߶ţˡʰ͹ˡ㻹ǿȥƪ˵д꣬ʵϵùˡ
ǸԼһ๤𣿡ײЦʡ
ȷȻһЦûѵģκǮƣ𣿡
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⣺ǽѧ£벻ҪԵļ˺ѡ
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ճŮӤ˹ԼƻҪٸ¹һӡ
УҲ֪ʲôԵʡ
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ˣ˹˱ֻֽǸŮ֤ġ
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ͨڷܺҪһЩ½ӵŮԣҲһܻӭ
ңڶ棬˹˶Լųġ
ţֻҪͬ¹ϼشϺӣɹһкô֮ǰһдûа׷ѣԼϣδҵļ̳ˡ
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ڸսǶʱҲҪˡ
һֱæװɵڽȨ͹ͳͳȥ󣬾ͬѳԺ֡
Щ˼ȡ竵ı֣ʵ¹Ӵ˷ģ׷֮ǰı顣
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˵뵽ˣҲȫϡ
ֻǼ˽٣ּͷŮˣǸܱֻҪԼֵġ
ԣȥʲôԣֻ֪ôһ䡯ԼϵӣλҲ֮ȥ
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ʹĵ˹ֻⳡһ˵ͷΣҾû䵽ʲôʵʵĺô
Щ뷨λԽеҪصУȥ¡
֮ǰӵԵʣ̫ûнˣܲһððʧʧܹȥٲҪһҲ¶ɡ
ˣźӵʱ򡭡
λ˾飬ù˴һȥμоٰᣬΪþû밲ˡֵܣеҪеġɣպ˺ӣҲûʲôˡⳡᣬǽȥ밲ɣ
ԣҲ˵ֻЦЦؿĿ⾹ƽ͸һ㡣
˹˱ð𣬰߬ȭͷȴӲͷƤʣ㵽ʲô˼ʲôȥǲȥ
΢΢һЦҵͦҪ󣬷ˡǡ
ʲô˹˼еʡ
Цݿػش𣺡ǣͷЩûʲôǮðѣҪء
˹˵ʲôһȻҿ
ԲסҪ֪Ǯǲ֪õúܿ졣
㵽ʲô˼
óһ׼õͷдţ븶ֿһ
ȻҪǩ֡
ûС
ѾרǮƣͨǷŴˡ
˹˽ôһǮƾǩֺӡȥȡ
ֻû뵽¾֪ˡ
λ˼𾪵ؿ쵽˼㡣
ʵǾȶԷ֪Ǯ
ǾȶԷȻôԼҪǮ
ο
еһðʲôҪһҪôǮʲô
Ųæػش𣺡һЩҪģˡ
˹˵£ˣǶЦˡ
ʵԲ֪ͨ㣬ֱӹȥȡġ
˿ҲûлӦӡĳֻԹԵһԣƺܿݵ˵֪ģˡɷıͿ֧ӵȫƲòһϣͬ⡣
˹ŭɶ
յµ˵ǮˣӶɷһֲ
ԣԮ޼ƿʩ룺ǱԹ׷ӶĹǳԶˣΪ֮ơֻܾ빬»ñµĳ谮åǾҶҵģЩǮҲܲҵġ
뵽ҧһűʣ·Ǵһغ޺ǩֽ˵ϡ
һڣָţִ˴ͷĳ
õģл¶һĨɫЦǺǵ˵ôӷһɡ
˹뵽Ǽȡߵһֿ絶ŤͷȲ뿴Ǹ޳Ҳͬ˵һ仰
ҲͬһңڴĿĺͷҲصת첽߳š
ֻŲŸոչϡ
شһ֪ʲôݺϵľ졣
˲ɻתͷһĨ׹⣬૵ǣøأ


81 
ڶ죬硣
˵磬ʵҸͷһ˴һ¹֡
ˣЩӺ͹˶ϯˡ
ֵһǣ˹˵³֣ʹúö˶һ
ֻڴ֮ǰҲ֪ȥˡ
üû˺󣬹б˺öҥԡ
΢ҥУʧڹԾڼУӴ˲Ըٳˡ
΢ҥҲУ˺ѾȻ򡢸аӴ˶ׯ꾲һһɷ򡪡ˡ
⣬˼ľҥԣʵ˹Ѿˣ̫ԣ͵͵¶ڴǰ˹ˣʵǸͬú
ࡢĪҥԣ˹ԼҪĿɿڴˡ
ҥж٣ȵ½һ죬ᱻơ
ԣҥνġ
ֻٴλùĳ谮λҪע顣
¹һϲɡ
ʱ£¼˹˺ѹûһñط飬෴ȻͬῪˡӴˣֻӡԼĵϱװһͿӣԺѼ󣬾ûһۡ
˹˼ˣвһĨŭֻôͷŶҪŭ
̲סݺݵصŹãǿתͷ뻺һ飬ķӡ
˭֪
һŤͷȴԵĺ
λûʲôȡ
ϹһĨЦݣƿЦһؿ
Цʵʹġ
˹˽ҧһװ׵ֽһҲܲ˱ӵ̬ȣ㰵ʵڲУҪһõķˡ
ǡǮ¡ѹûʲô飬ˣֻ빬ȴһͬһ
ԣһЦͼϵӣԹԵ뿪ˡ
˹˹վǣ·ЩһβμСŮһֵˡ
һͷ¹ȴûôࡣ
ԣ˹һȥˣעȫ˿ȵϡ
òֽݵ΢ȴӲ԰Դһֵ飬֪Ҳɵÿɰͬһ𣬲֪ҪЦ
˵¹ϲˡ
ɯ󶼴ܺã˽ͬŮ˵Ǹء
һҪ˴Ϊڸġ
ֻʵ̫ϲŽףңһ򲻼Σ˶֪ϲˡ
ȻһŮ˸еΪ
ˣ˶ȵ˹˻ҪŵϾ˹˵˹鸾󣬲˽£ϣֻйһ˵ġ
˵ס
Ĳ뱻ǣָУԼ˿ȾͶ㣬·ʲôˮһ㡣
Ⱥܴ
ΧҲһڵģ׷׳ûΧ˹ȥһοֺá
¹΢ЦԹۣô͸һϷ˼
Խ״Ȥ˵ɵѽ׷Ȼ㣿
龰ʵЩϡ档
۷׷
˵ǰӵһЩ飬Ѿ˵ˣСΪʲôݺϲأ˹ȻʾãȻˡˡ
ΪС̫ˣ
úùȻһԭ򣬵ܾã㡭ôأֱǴ׶һشˣӦýǳúһɣ
ȷʵֵͬܣɱ´ƺҲ
ʱԱԼԼ˼䣬ûֻ̫һ䣬ͼææ׷ʣʲôӣöӣˣλ鸾
ǣ˵Сء
ʲ˵æͣ˵ʮϲǴ׶һˡ
ˣҲͬص˵ͷ
˱Χߴߴĵ̫Ͷ룬û⵽̸ἰһˡ֪ʲôʱߵ˸վǲԶζŶأ
С´ܺ𣿡
ɵţʶ̧ȥҡ
ɵǡ
¹ͬǸСվһġ
˿üƺܵӡ
ǵ˺
¹ȻյԷĶߣЦ˵ЩʲôȻǸСһغˣⶼź۵Ŀտž޶˶˵Щˡ
ˣ°͡
Źֵ룺Ѳɡλɫ
Ȼǡ
¹Ͻףĵ˵Ǹ޵顷Щˣʲô¹£д
ײдûʲôС
£鸾ֻһּ˾ܣѹ־ôˡģͬ㽲ЩȤ£šţ˵ˡ
ʹߡ
ֻ֪´˽Ķˡ
¹ȴԸⲻԸ⣬ͷͷش˹صѹ˵ƼŴɫȹӵŮͬ㽲ǿһλװǻƣʵܷˣһǰɣͬĻһݶûֻڻ԰õ廨С
ηǳѰ
¹ȴȻؽһԴɫİϸϸؽ꣬һ˫۾УŶĹʣȴһʣΣûеĻﻹкö¡
ˣˣýˡ
ʵڲæֹ
¹΢Ц̳֣ҿɵ¾ˡ
˲仳ԼףһʱҲûʲôӣֻ֣ͬգʾ˵
ǣ˱ֿˡ
תȥԶ˳Ѱʶ˵
¹
Զȱ˷еġ
ʱ˹˳׼ʱش˹
ǽӵ¹ǰ۾ΧҪ˺ݺݵ˻ȥţ欵سŹ˸һ˵£ϵǷûأҪ˵ζ͸ˡ
¹ʮֲ͵Ƴһۣܲӵ˵ҵζ㽱һ³ء
˹ҧҧ´۾ضôһ˲䣬޵üҪȥˡ
׼ǵǹֻҧصȥº˵£ٲԸ󲻵ĿգҺ֮ǰĹϵҲΪһӵԵʣңʹôڲ˵ĻͬŮٻȥˡ
ȷʵܲңǺӣǺҲǺĺӡ
¹ŻȴȻ˵һ㶣ġˣ֮Ѿˡ
˹˽ĿεͣפϣһĨᷳɫüë´ƫƫ΢΢̧ƺǼӣ֪ԼôûãǴҪˡ
ʵڲ֪ԼʲôˣίУЩԹޣʵ벻ķӣڻǽİ취˳֪˼ˣ¡룬ܶ鶼ԣЩ黹ܹн׵ģ˵𣿡
뿪¹΢΢פ㡣
üëƺúܺ棺⻰ûн׵ǰǣ˴˶жԷҪĶɷˣʵڿʲôҪأ
£˵ҲôģʼҲȫһɺϡ
˹ƺЩ飬ɶ߶ô䡣
¹ȴ뱻θڣװҪ߿ӣûʲôҪ˵ġ
һ̣վסˣ
ֻ˹ͻȻ˵Ǹӣ㲻СŪĺӡ
¹̧ͷ۾ֱֱؿʣһһֵʣ͵ģ
ңֻǼˡ
񵽣֪һֱң
ΪΪʱͬƢؼ쿴żôĻʵں¡
¹ֿһۣһΣĿװ׵ˡ
ȻһʣôˡҪʲôأˣ


82 
¹һ˲˹˾ʹʧġ
λȻЩشԣȴÿÿڹؼʱ̺ʶࡣ
ƩڣѾáӡвһ֮ˣҪĺôȴһ鸾ͷҪӵܹȨҪһӻģҲʲôֻͷڣ˲Ų׵ҡԲң㲻ͬκ˵Ѿҡ
¹΢Ц
ΪʵΣңǡǡǿ̵ġ
˵ͬϱţ
ʵϣŮɫ汾ͳƵǽˣһҲ˴š
ǣ±㳹׷»ָº̬
΢Ц˵װģЩҪĻ㲻ʲôв飬ҲǿӦʵġϣһæԸء
Ȼ˹ѼʶԷԼĮӣ֪ⷬǿˡ
Ҫװ˵ӣڳмı飺̫ʴȡ̫ˣ¡
¹ؽĸл
ȻĵʣôˣҪĶأ
˹ԥһ¡
֪һȥӴԺԼпɾʲôĳˡ
ǹ֪á
ֻҪ֪ˣǱضزסġ
ң˺ӺȻҲһû죬˵ˣɼⶫδôҪ
ǰں棬͵͵򿪺ӿͷֻװһƵıۻҲô
ӦֻʲôмƷ԰ø棬ʵҲҹҪһԵʡ
뷨
һʱԡ
˹˵ԺУٶҲһ˲顣
ջǲսģͳǸӣ˳ȥ
¹õк˿ܻش򿪲鿴
ȷԼһͷҲԭⲻϰԵ¹һĨ΢ЦᴵڣȻؽպã˹ذ˰֣ʾ׽ʹת뿪
˹ȴ첽׷ȥס֣󣺡ʲӦ˵ģ¡ԣôĮ뿪ңôҶҵЦѽ
¹תͷһ˼ҪҪسŵ
˹ĿĿС
ڻ˾飬һЩ»תֽܵشļϣζʣҪʲôأˣ
ǡֶǱ߻˸ӡ
¹΢΢һЦԽ첲ڳơ
ǣ˱һ̤ء
˹лһСڴָԼùٴζģͬһϸȻһ괲󣬾ͽ֮ǰЩĮͳͳĨȥ»ָĹϵ
Ȼʧǡ
һλȴûмȥ˼΢΢òǷǷ󣬾ͺԥת뿪ˡ
˹˵Ŀ׷һֱ߹ȥͬλС˵в԰οôȥұŮˡ
ô˵
һҲûа׷ѡ
¹ͬһ˵ͬ裬Ǳ˿еġ
ǣ˹˲ûʧϢֱ˳ȥ
ֻǡ
˶ǷѾ޸󣬾ȻܼŹġ
ȴزºЩˣϲɣң˹Ǹǰı·£ɵѡźӼ޸ңǱȻҪġһ·񣬾޿ҪŮˣ񡭡
бȻʲôܣ
ʱ֪һʲôܡ
¶ģǷǵô˹˿а׳ġ
ȵλ˷·ԼĹΪͶ̬ȣڡ
ʱڣѾת΢紵ҲЩɪɪˡ
һҪ˹ϣһеĿ˵һůЩˡ
λ˻ڼǺǲ˵ġ
Ը٣ù˿ʱһʱµǣҲȥ˼λΪǰƺ󹧣ǲǰ˻ģֻȫǡǹˡĸˡ
ǣԷޱϱֺͺˡ
֮󡭡׻жƣʱҲֻԼ֪ˡ
һͷɢ
Ҳڵ԰ЩαӦ͸ֳɫĻˡ
ֻһ׮ܲȡϣ⾯ؼ˼ö˶˵ô·˹ˣ
·˹ûͬ˵һЩĸ׵أ
ʲôû˵ĸûʲôأ
ô⡭
ײɱ뵽Ǹ·˹ֵıۻ
֯ش𡭡
ת˻⣬ƺոյʣһʱ˵ġ
Ϊһðƻ
ȴò˾裺Ե޹µģУǸʲôԵʣ취̽һˡ
뵽Ҫʾ֭ӦԿֵܻΣ
ͷһе̲סһɵ룺ҵǲ̰Ķ·˹ݣڻ᲻øסһЩװģͬЩĹ򽻵ͬ˹ĶǣҲõʲô⡣
ʱȻ˸ͣ
ţƥ˻Լŭ忪ʼ˵
ôˣʡ
·ˡ
ִٵػһżǳ߿߿ģ
㣬㣬
⴫һ󣺡һԵİɣ
򿪳ţȥһڵؤ˳ǰɳĬ˼롣
һЩǮߡ
ٺһ¹˳ţȲʲôмҲͿıҡ
̫࡭
ȼãҲǾȲġ
׵ֳˡ
ͻһ£ǳɹ֮ǰһɣҲð·˹ݣ˵ҲҪؤҪȻֱץסӵ
磬ͨ˻Ҳ̫ˣ
һ૵߶һüԡ̫ԡ
ˣһʱ䣬ϵؤǲԽԽˣ
ǵģֹؤˡŮС͵ǿԽԽˡ
ڶ죬ȷͬר£˵ԽԽũΪ˰Ϊ±׷ѡܡǣ˸ֵԵʣЩضķˡճɱͲãûֵأʳղЩ·˹²ҹܣҪҪͬ˵һ˵ôʲô
ܣ͹ˡ
üش𣺡ǲЩġ
Щʲô𣿡
š޵顷һɡ
·˹𣿡
ǧȷ
ȷ˱ʣ񶼿ҪˣǵĹȴֻŷ绨ѩ𣿡
룬װػش𣺡Ҳȥһ룬Щûʲôˣ
ȷ˶ĵЦȫܽܡ
ŭصɹȥһۺ󣬾ȥ鼮ĸˡ
ǣ׶վڴǰſҪɽ̫
ãص˵Ҫˡ


83 
˹ͬɽ׺󣬾ֿԶŹ鸾ͷٻˡ
ͲסįΪˡʧܻᱻЦ侮ʯĺ֮Ǻ󣬱ָֻȥһƵؽϷƣ־ƻᡢᣬֵַֽݻ͢
ʵ˴ʱ²⣬ΪĳӦѾǰˡ
˹˱Ͼʢ꣬ûȷǰձ黹Ǳֹ̬ȣðʲôȥ
ˣƽȻǰַ
ǣλͲôķ˱㽥˾裬ǡ鸾ֻһ׵ͷ˵룺˵¶һ⡣ֻһʱ²̨ף˽׵Ľڣ˵ٹһգֻͬҺͺأ
ôһ˾ЩƮƮ
̶º󾯸Ҫ˵׵Ժ󣬷ģǳͬ˵һ˵ˡ
ǡãҲһ˼Ļʱ仹ƤЦͬ˺ܶĺû
˹˵ĵõ㣬ǳڣһʱ䣬֮ǰһֿľԹԭˡ
һϡ
һߴӣһڸ̾˼䣺ҵĹԹԣǸҪأѹŸ᲻㡣
ţִ̽ʣ˵ģҿ֮ǰһٲͬκǣӣɵͷװģ˵˵ɣ㵽ôסģ
˹˱пһԣеĻϱ㲻һĨصЦ⡣
Ȳй¶ǳףҫԼ֪ܣѣʲôסأ±Ƿǳҵģֻͬ˻ԵʣЩˡǲ֪˽˵˺öΣҪͬҺͺõģ
𣿡
װŵ˵¾ȻҲ˶һѽ
˹˼һʱ񫣬ȻϷؼ˵ұǲͬͺõģֻ䰮ңȴƲס˺öŮˣΪʵ˱ӡ
Цͷȷʵȷʵ
˹˾ͼࣺذңĽһӵң˵Ҫͺáᣬȥ黹εģңһҪʽޡ
ʵȥˣ
˹˻˵˵ջΣȴϷθ飬в˵پܾȥҪȥˡ
ЩЦʵû취¹Ѱٻӣ˹˻ԱߣҲֻϵȵı飺ѽǿɲУ
˭˵أԣҲֻͬͺˡˣ˹˰ڳһ޿κε˱飬δ˸β
ʼ򣬲
ʵѾԼɵˣҪôһŮ߽
˹ͷڼװ˼ذ֪ӲҲǸΡ
ҲȥҪģ磬˵ôĻа̣˵ڵʱȴʼձЦı顣
ˣ˹˱ụ̂Ҳֻû
ԹԵŰΣ૵˵Ҫ϶ǻҵġҲôÿӣûʲôҪſڡֻ֪һͨͨıۻƵģҲûʲôƺװΣŸ֡£ʣǸе¡е±ء
ȵȣ˵ʲô
λϹ죬뿪ˡ
ɵߵſڣŰ֣׺ȴͻȻǸվסˡ
˹˿ûʲôɻ̧ͷһ㲻״ӣһ䣺ʲô
ţ˻΢Цո˵ǸΣŶۻϿʲô֣
Ŷе±ء˹ûһµ˵أôǹϣҲ£û׼εߣʲô
Ȼûлشȴһ䣺ȷǱۻµ𣿡
˹˺ɣĻ˭ģ
󲻽ź㵽ô£ʲô𣿡
ûûʲôԼЩ¶
Ȼٵһӣ˵ֻһЩʷģСʱ̫Ҫ桭û뵽ʱϸңȴ˱£
˹λɥĸλ̫ʵĸס
ݺ˵ⷬЩ棬¹öۻ£ΪзʲôĸӺֵܵľ¡
ûˣ룺ˣڹ˵ƽƽıۻž߱˼ղصļֵ
ǣ˹ΪŪǸۻܣ׽⿪ţ泩֮࣬ҲûһǸûҪۻĺڰοţ̫ͬ±Ͼĸ˵Ҳûʲôˣôصġ
⻰ż˳
Ҳû׷һ˾䡰һЦŸͣǰСʱҲֻǸߡҪǡᵽ綼ˡ
˵ʱͣͣѵزһ䣺װģòҪ֪㽫¸ˣͬܵߣ˵Сʱ飬ҲǹҲסġ
ʵ˹˽Խ¸ߺһЩ顣
ҲҪأһȻڴӦ˵ͬй¶ˡ
ûʲôοԡ
뵽λ˿ʲô֪ʵһ֪⣬ҶǴģԣҲνˡ
ڶ糿λͬһбȶͷڽֱߣ߳㣬졣
λϱȶǰǹеһֻ̣̹˥ӹ˳ˡ
ʹ˶ϲ߶
ԣλһ̲ס˵
ˣԳһɼС𣿡
Ǹ²ЩǼСء
Ӣ䣬ûЩ
װϱȶͬ˵ûѽڲ˵ء
ܶԡ
ʹôˣء
ϱȶʧ̾һ
Ȼͷˮ˵ˡ
ͬ¹ʵûʲôϵҲǼͷ߶ġ
бҪȻҲͶ˼ġ
ʱĥѾǡΧҲûʲôעˣͼװĵһ䣺ϱȶԸе±ӡ𣿡
ڳ֣
ϱȶֵʡ
һ²⣬ûб¶ʲôװĵ˵ģܾĿܶءԣҪ֪˵һ˵
һ˵һ߽һǮطŵϣ˹ȥ
ϱȶĬһ󣬱ֽǴǮ˹յУ˵֣ȷʵûֻ֪˴֣ԣҶôٽȥˡ
˵λ˲ͣһ£ͻȻ̧һ䣺ˣҼ˵ֻ˵ӦþѾ뵽˭˰ɣϾĸס
˵ˣǵġ뵽ˡ
һ̣ϵıǼġ
һŵ˵һţ߱߰


84 
ͬ˹ˣһǺסܵġ
ˣ̽һ漰֮ľܺⲢû¶ʲôһرƽֻ϶ڽϴóԣһ취ɵͳͳŪһְ¼Ʋߡ
˹ֻ֪裬ҹҹ磬Դ˺졣
Ӷɯת̬ȣ
УΪҿȵԵʡ
һͬһҲǸ߹谮¼ϷӰɣ
뷨ҪһԸȡ
ɯȻ̬ȸŪ˸Ϳ
λ˵󷽣ôǳ𡭡
˹ʱµļ磬ʵûͻ
οܹ˵ҪԸȣķӾȻǡҼ˰åǿȥŻȥ٣
ֱİɯ󼸺޳ֶܵθŭˣߵ̴ӣؽ롱˳ȥ
˹˸
عһ·ϣੲݵ޴ǽѹô궼ùġ
һͷڡ롱˹˺󡭡
ɯһƣزɳϡ
Ů꼧һë̺ϣַ߷߲ƽ˵Ǹ˹̫ˣ̫˵ȻҪ˵޳ܵŮˣԺǼȥġ
ɯ˵ܱһʧһӣҲԷʡһЩǰöˡ
Ů꼧Цһ˵Ѿõģ¶˵ĴĻᶮ÷ʡ
ɯ̾һҲɣװģҲ̫ҡ֪ģ񲢲ôںЩġ
ʮǵ˵ֻļƶԺ͹¶ԺǱߣʽʶѷȱأƫƫͷȴԽԽˡ
꼧棬۵Ȱ˵ʵֲˣҲû˻˵ʲôġ
ɯ󲢲⻰ϣڻһ䣺˵
һ߼ǣһ˵Щͬµôܲȥأ
ͬʱһյ˷ñӣƷ
һĿһµı⡪γԵһˣ
Լ˿Цõ⾯桪벻ҪԵļ˺ѡ
⣬һš
УλñʦȻһּǫĿǣԳ˵һ˵ļʶʼ޵ģûʲô츳ͲŻ
ԣϣиվ󵨷ԼĹ۵Ϳ
һԽԽȥ˼ȥоȥ̽Ҳܼ˼棬õҳһȹĵ·
֮ʵǡֻһվӣÿαĺ÷ؿ֧
Ϊ˸õعƣվԼֵѹ
ŵĩβ̸̸ٴҡҪ·ҪʵΪʵǼΨһ׼
Ȼ˿͸Щֲ˵С˼
ԣλ俴źֻһо壡
ˬ죬ֺܸҴɱ̩¶˿ԲзһĿɫҴӲôһˣѾӵϵĲŻ˾ηԶ׿ʶȴһԴ԰̬ôǫ飬ºеؽǡ˶ԼĹ۵㣡˼棬ȹ񡭡˵ãÿÿЩҶ·ǡ·ǰ͡
ǵĴά˹Ҳͬл
̩ͬȣƸһЩ˼ڡγԵһˡУеѻ̬ЩţҲ𾴷ñʦ룬û˰ɡϸƪˡıʴǶЩڼΪּٽ֮ˡĹǵĳ𣿡
Ҳ˵ǼٽˣЩ˶Ǽٵ
̩··ϴһؼ˵ñʦȴġ
ά˹Цһ£ͬˡ
ת̸£װѣ˵Ǹ˽һ飬ô
»𣿵ȻҪˡ
̩ºԥ˵ǰɵܱΪ񣬲ΧˣնΪͬǿûʲôڣұñʦѣʶҪԡɣһԼӣÿڽ¶ЩǵĳعǵоܺٸǣһսõĽѽ
ˣ̩¡
ά˹ʣ˵ͨˣм䣬д󲿷˲ôʶֵġ
취̸
̩ԾɻӦǻᱻ˿˷ģҲʶֲࡣˣǿԸķһֱڽ̵ѧϰҿǸʲôεС꣬ͱ̵úܲʱսսСƵģ
ά˹ɽӿһ䣺ô
̩±һػش𣺡ڴǡսսʶֵˡ
ά˹Ц
ܵλɵĸȾҲ׿˼գҲ˵öԣǻᱻ˿˷ġ
ǣܺ󣬽ͷյһš
ŵĿͷǶһͨޣÿԹţǱʾ뷨ܾһͨޣԹȻ˵ѾʼﱸˣŪӺͬһһϸ˵
Ŷмĸ壬ǷһЩԱһιĳ֮ĹñʦһЩָ
ն˼ҡ
ûëôҲ¬󡭡
ԣڴشЩĸ壬лʶһλδΰˣ
źǣ֪˼ոѿԵʣǷԱձĻˮƽϵ֮ͣıǿ϶̸ϵģ仹Щңṹ䣬߼Ǿ͸ָˡ
ֵҵĵطڡ
ٳȱ㣬̸ֻݵĻЩĸ徹ǸƵ֮
Ʃ磬һ¾Ȼǵطפѹյ¡
Ϊɹ类صȨطӶֱڹĳ
ڹԶǵԵʣЩפڵطľӾսˣͬطǱΪ飬һѹ񡭡
Щп϶ûнġ
˱ϾûϵͳһЩޣԣдĸֻǳֹؽ˽طѹյĶϰûȥȥ̽оΪʲôҲû˼Уûʲôķ
ڽ׿뵽۲Χˡ¡ҵһдд̶ȣѾǳˡ
ֻһصڡ
ΪʲôЩȫҪȥģ·ñأ
ñ۵طӵƪ¡
ķģ
⣺ˡ
⣺ȫ
⣺ÿһ˵ͷ
Ҳ۱úûҲݺǷֱ׺ͱˣ
ֻڿһ󣬽о˲ԤУɿٷĸ壬Ȼط֣ĸ嶼һģһķʽҲǡ⡢⡢⣡
ǣþģʲôãģʲôֲʲô̶˵ġɸĵĸʽ


85 
¸ʽϳһС⡣
׶Դ˻ǱżΪֹ۵̬ȣͿʼ룺ȵԽԽĴվΰ˼뵼ʦñӾͿʽˣ
Ͼ̫ѹ
ÿÿԷñΪȥдһЩ۵ʱ򣬶Ҫʾ֭ãһСдʲôʵġġʺϵǰӦõ˼۵㡭
˵µΪµĺǡһ־ȹĺͳͳ;󵼽ǿˣ
ԣڻУɱһСΪȥЩƷֻذÿһĸ嶼һ飬Ȼ󣬹Ǽ˼Ҳͣдȥ
⣬麣ȷҲ뵽ⳡĽ֮УˣǰøҿǸŮɡǺ˼ȫóҿһġ
ȷ˳һ˵𣿡
ʱΪ֣˺Щźĸ壬ĿȾöˣȻҲʼѧдЩΪո𲽵ԵʣʵĽ׶ΣҲôš
ԣ׵顭
һӦƾܣҲ̫ȷ·˹Ƕö֪ʶ˴֮䣬̸۵ֶǹҴ£дЩСֶСº鰮ø˿ʵǡʵڲ˼
Ϲ˵ʲô˼
˵ÿ˶ԼдǶȣҾ;áŮɡܺáһɰŮѹ£һ䣬С𣿡
Ҫ˵Сأ
дʲôҺ񣬾˿˶ʲôܣ·պںšʵʡƷ˼ֻ¾ͷߡ
ȷ˻ǳɣûյӣһ׳ĸо
ײɺЦעͻȻһ䣺ΪԱʱѵΪʧܾ;̨ܾ𣿡
Ȼֲһ䣺ңңֻһͨĽûʲôµġ
ǣȷ˱˵ˡ
ȥڶ죬ͽһͬǷݡŮɡĸˡ
׺ο
ֻʱѾǸСᣬΪһɹ˼ѿķԣȲ£һЩ˲ţΪשߡ
ֻĸʽ⣬װš
бҪ˵һˡ
Ĭȷ½Ƿĸ壬ֻķдţ
⣺Ů
⣺һŮ
⣺һŮɵĶ
ȷʮؽͣҿҶĸʽص޸ˣʵڲ֪дʲô⣬Ǹ
㲻õǸ
ںȷãע£׷ǳȻ֣Ǹҳ˺ŰɡŰɵӽͰ
ȻдһֻСŮɡķ棬εؽţʵûָʽҪźá
֮ںȷ˰ŰɵĿС
ڻصһ䣺[ϵͬҽֻǸŵдߣ͸Ϲεģ벻Ҫѧˣ]
ԴˣһȻǲŵġ
ǵķӦǳͳһñʦ̫ǫ顢̫Ĭˣ
ô˵ĽǸΪܡСӾôһˡ
ڹĽСӲûеõ㷺Ĵ
ڱʡϷһЩԷĳУȴഫ
Ȼ̾ҲԶסǵ˼롣
ҶԵطͳΣҲûйеôʹָˡ
ѳƾ
˰պͼĸ޼ҿɹũǱĴˣΪؤС͵ǿ
ҵǣҲշ
׷ӿ룬޸ĸĹ¶ֻס
ɯֵļƶԺѾЩˣû취Щ¶Ѱҵʵļͥ
λ֧ţͼܵضһЩˡ
죬һЩĲͽǣɿǵЩ¶񻹶Ŷӣ㲻Ů꼧ִˣس˹
Ȼַַʳʱ򡭡
һ⧲سˣ
ʼһ¶ͻȻڵϣŶӺ̶ۣʹ
¶ԺĹԱǴæϹȥ鿴
ɽţһ˵ȥһˣȻ󣬲ȴзӦЩ˾ǱƵĶŵһ㣬һһͣصȥ
һ̣ƶԺȻֹ
ҿ־ãЩµˣ·𿴵ߴĺɫӰ
ɯһĻ
ʱԤϵķչֻżػţҽȥҽ
ɲߵ̴ж
ȺкرһֻֿĲҽУʳһʳʳжʳ¶
˾֡
Щ˻æʳ˳
һͷɯȴһźԻ󲻽⣺ʳôж˭µĶΪʲô
Ѿûʱȥ˼ˡ
ЩۼŽܾȼãͼ緢һ㣬־塢ԹޡµһϯƶԺͬ뵽⣬ȴڼ˻ҵĸУԶԷظ˽µĻش
ʳôжأ
¶
˭µĶ
ʳˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˾ҲҪʳˣһǲٸʳˣԣҪǡ
ǣеڿв£ȻһؿʼЩĵˡ
ƼֲľԱһĴҡҴ򣬷йŭͿ־塣
źӵĿŮ˵ļǿ
һжˣ
ŮǱµ龰ŵûɢ
ĹŮ꼧̸ߺ󣡱󣡡
ӦæΧס
Ĳ࣬ϻڣѵأִһʱҲͬЩȻıͻԣΨһ£ǻսˡ
ɯˮǰҺͻҵһĻ
ţ侲侲˵ҡ
Ȼᡣ
Ů꼧Ű󣺡£߰ɣˣ
ɰɯ볢ֹһС
̧ͷȴһƶԺĹԱʯͷͷϣѪֱˤڵأֱ˲̵شϲ̤
λ󲻾䣬ŻЩ˷ΪʲôҪѽ
꼧ѹȥЩپҵڻӺŮǵı£ƴȥ
ⳡӳﾯǵĵ
ǴҴҸϵɱ˺üˣסһˡ
ţ޹ʬõĵ飡
ֵһǣʳиûж
絹µЩҲûжǵ߲
¹Żж
ֻж񣬶һ߲ĵҪȫǣȫġ
űɥ
ҲųβֵͣشӿлԴˣʽһߵĵ


86 
֪гߵʱ¹˹˾ٰһϡ
ͬλûʵϵĹϵôŸͷԣʱʱһЩ
ңλ˻켣罻Ȧ꣬ǿÿÿٰʱǻкܶ˹μӣʮ֡
ԣֵĹŵʱ򣬻Ǻӣġ
ֻߵһ
Ҳû취ָ˵ı飬ɫҲ˲
̻ر˵Щ˼ƶԺĶ֮УɫѾѿԱ˾߶ҷĵزˡ
һƬ
Ψ˹˷һΪʱ˵Ľ£ǣòҲЩȾ߲ɣ
˶Ĭš
ǲؽĿͶǵǣֻĮصλһЩӦ
¹ɫࡣ
ʵγû뵽һ
ЩȫԲҪ˵ֻ˽ģƫƫ˹ˡɱӰ
˹˶Դ˺װһĵӣ˫ۻŹεε˵ѽ£֪󾿾᲻Ѿˣϣϣƽƽ
⻰мʵġ
Ͼһùϲº͵ŮռλãԹ˵һ׮¡
ʱ˿̣ķϻ
ڹȴ־䶼̶
ˣ¹ڿˡ
ɫۺŭָ𣺡Ļ˵ùˣ
ңֻ̫ˡ
˹˴æؽ͡
¹ĴǹһĨĻȣ浣ģͬһȥ̽ɡ
̽
˹˲Ȼظ仰£߲ǻᴫȾѽҲǲԸȥ̽󣬵ԭûҪġҵ˼ǣȥҲңҽ̡ǹȥ
¹һ̴ٵЦ
ͬŮ˵ֻƳһۣת뿪ˡ
˭֪ȴȹӣ첽׷˵£һȥ
¹һʵ㲻߲𣿡
Ⱥֵµģбڣʲôأ°ٲ֣ߣ߲Ҳҵġ
¹ŷӦɵһ򶼽񣬲أ
ɲô˵
ľ֮Уһ˲飬в⻹Щο塣
¹ٶԣֻҴҳ޹ȥ
Ϣһ򴫵ü졣
ɯܻ뵽߲Ⱦ⣬˹˵ĻȻͱһЩ̴ǼҴҵظ㱨ˡ
ǣɯæ޹ֽдŶص
ȵϹſһСţڵ磬Զľ룬˵£ϲܲյظϹʵָжΣĹͷҲʲô鷳
¹˵Ⲣʲô鷳ʱ
һº͵ؿڣǽԼĺ££벻ҪصҡϾΣδ֪ҵӣպܰһ٣ʲô⣬ҲʵڸԵʣҪΪģҲҪÿȢһͶϵӣҲΪһЩáЩ꣬Ҷв֮෬ˣ֪㡣
˵ˣɯ
¹Ҫÿˣһʱĳŵ˵ҲȥȢûбõˣ
ɯȫû뵽λĵĹƶԼм顣
ôѵ֪⼸ϡܴʱոȾϼ죬λ˽Į飬Ҫǵģһλͱøɸɾȷˡ
ԣ̬ǺƽֻͣԹԵذԭƻ˵˲ôҪֻﻹһ׮鷳ҪڡڼƶԺЩˡǲֳʲôӣֻ̫£ˡǰɣ¡
˵ˣûµʱ򣡡
¹ȲЩ飬ҲʹĹЩˣ;ϣüΪͳǿ˵ң㲻ģɯǲģ
ţ˵ЩɥˣֻһߴԸŮǾչˣһֺҽǸϽΣָӵתԼԷĵת뿪
££𼱣
Ŭ׷ںͷοһûµġ
¹Լ߻һֱһλˡ
תֽ§˻УֵͷĶͷĬһ˵װģʵ̫ˡֻϧķң벻ʲô㡭
Ⱥ棺ҲҪʲôأֻϣͬҪúõġ
·ǳжͬ´˺һֿͬ
ͬʱΪ߲һ£ȺĳǣڽӼڣѾһСʱˡ
ԭҲֲùʲô
ֻⶫӹûʲôõӦԷӣܹ磬ó٣ִֶһ
ԣٵ¹ûͬ೤ʱ䣬´һ
ƶԺеЩִȾߵͳͳ̶ȫǴѲ飬һ֢״ˣҪϳȥɱ
֮ǰ󡭡
ԭŮ˲ʵʡôԣᣬֻͺˡ
ǣֲȫǡ
һʱ䣬Σ
ȻɱҲֹߵɢ
ȱķֶκҽδʩԽԽ˱ȾΪ֢״Ҫϳȥɱ͵͵䲡˵
ԴˣԼͥΪλˡ
ڵ˺
ȷ̸ͬⳡߵʱ򣬶ô˵ģ֪·˹һˡ
״ʱĿ̧ͷһβ䷳߶ˣ˵⻰̫㲻ҪȥܱˣҲȥ˿ܼĳˣȥϴ֡
ȷһϴ֣һ߶Ҳɵأ˷ȥġˣ·˹һЩ˵ܹõķƷһһҪ
ʱһǿʼ˵ܷߵĶ
ʵһЩ޿ѧݵ߰ʲôǵķ㡢ǵغ裬ŵĴô˵ӿ룬ҵϣƹߵˣѡ·
ȷҲΪǵŮˡ
ڷķΧȾҲɵرšСȥһѵġƷȻᵽַǳսߵĶûеģ߰Ĳҩȴʵ˲١
Щ⡣
һȱЧҽҩУܸ˴һЩϵİοʵǮҲ׻
ֻڵߡ
ȲͨҽҲûʲôҵĽдһƪԤˣµֻҲǼ򵥡ǳ֪ʶʲôࡢܾʳˮ÷ȵȡ
ԣªֲһЩóġ
ϲǣΥĽǿԹֵġ
ԣԷѽݷֲ⴫˳ȥ
һνУͬ¹ἰ˴¡
źǣλȫȻĵôش˵л⣬Щ顭ˮҪշУʳҲҪ졭ƺЩ鷳
׼æ˵ʵ鷳ֻǰûϰߡ
¹̧ʾҪ˵ȥˣ΢΢һЦĺģ·˹ЩôסñˮʲôģȥŪôˮѽ
Ϊ˿߲ܸ취ɣ̲סȰ˵ţ£ôҲһأ
¹΢΢һЦݵͬˣȷʵԳԡ
ǣУ޹б㶼ֲȥˡ
䡭
ҲЩƽϷ̫˼
λƽͬĵɿ˵ڴ֮ǰö˶˵ǣȴЩ֪ӵʵͬ㽲ɣװ·˹һĹ˵һЩʱ򷴶׮أ


87 
һ
ʱһƬҵľ
վһ߷֪ʶ纣ȷˡ
Ϊôȷϣһᴴ˵ݣðűķգϷñӵݣǸ֪˭
ԣֻܴڼУĬĬ֪ʶٽλȥ
⣬⽫֪ʶ༭ɲᣬĵǱߣֻһ䲻Ҫⱻ˷ַñӺ·˹ͬһˣ֮󣬱Ǵˡ
ͳͳ꣬ǿŲַķųװѾȫ
ˣƽشڼŷñӶıֲΪˡ
ֹԼĪһҡ
ȻûԶʧԼǲˡ
¹ɴٴҪ֮以ල;ٱϹأֻҪٱһ֢״΢Ҳᱻ
ԻΪ˲ɢԣɱҲŹ
ȥȰ裬֪Լ˵ûʲô˵ûãȥƱ˵ȥΪ
˳ɹ壬ԵײƽʵҲûʲôͬ顣
һһۣϲҳģ¡ҳǽġˣȻ֪ϲԼȻֵһ˹ΪЩ顣
飬߲Ժ洦ҲǷЩ΢֢״󣬿ݲдȽӵ߲Ժ
¹룬ǵ߲ԺҲὨԼûʲôͬˡ
ֻǣǴŵ˵ͷȥġ
˵
Ͼ˹ص߲ԺУôǱȴǿ
粻ִͬᣬʱ߲ԺУѹûʲôĹ·ȣûȥרչ˺͹һӣȱҽҩͲ˵ˣʳˮܹӦȫ
һһؽȥʵ͵ҲûʲôֱӴҪѹٱ
Ϊ
ؽȥҪһǰĥ
ǣһ£ȴһ⵽֪յһá
ǲȥ߲ԺĴڴ˴Ҫģֻ֪λ˵ԵʣЩ˶Ҫؽһµĵطˣ
ǣ˶λˡ
ʱ߲ļͥſڻᱻú۱ʻʮ֣߲˲Ҫ׽롣
ɵȵ߲Ժһ
ҵĴſڱ㲻֪˭Ҳһĺʮ֡
˶ɷͱ˶ӽĶԹԣΪǴ£ǣۼ
ǰһ֮ҹ߶
ǰȥ״̬ճסȷǱߣҲû취й
գֻýоʱ䶼ͶŵŮɺϣؽ̵֪ʶּ̰ؾһһУʱһЩŮӦôô꾲磬ҺԹԵΪͥһСŪɺȿ಻ԡ
֮һСľͱ˹ؽ߲Ժ׷׿ʼӴܡ
ʱϰš߲ȾԴٴȾ桱ͷǵĽ
һηǳͷԵˣֻ쵽˹ٷߵĽ֤󣬲ܳǡ
뷨Ǻܺõġ
¹Ҳͬˡ
ܿ죬׷һ飬ԭǸνĽ֤ǿԽġ
һݽֵ֤Լң
һ򣬻ܸһ۵ļͥŹ۸
⣬ڹ򽡿֤˷ǳ࣬Ҫųӡ
żӵĻٷṩӼ۸
ϰɹ׬һʾ޿
ͷͷؽͬ¹˷ߡ
˫㡣
ԴˣͷȥѲƵһ֮Ϊ̾˵Щ嶼Ǯأ˶ϲҪǮȴ֪ҲһǻңҿòôǮʲô֤ѽ
ϰ̷У˶Ⱦ߲Ҳǰٲֵģֺʲô֤أ
¹΢΢һЦ𻰡
ֻ󲿷ˣñȿһ㣬ԾžȨһףȻʵײ㣬ҳԱȴǶԴ֪ġҲһͨ˵ġ
֪֪Ļ󡭡
¹Ծõģָϰһ֤ȨӴˣֻǣطǿȥˡ
׵֪Ϣ󣬿Цһûʲôȥŭˡ
ֻ߱ĵЦǰδŵΪ׷ݡ
һʱ䶼Щ㱣
絽ǲһʵ磿
λɣ
ǰʵ˵ף
ƽòǮʲôֻ֤ܱŲڼС
ǵһݽ֤
Щν˵ˣʱԸ뿪ǣֻԼپۻĴơ߲֮ᲨǮ˺͹塱ʵӵˣǮ˵һɾһˣҲһЩԵСĹ廹ǿ־壬½½سǣסµıȥˣͼԴߡ
ɲܴҾȡʲôʩ
սǡѸٵؿտ
زٹ£Щ⡭
Ĵֻһűףʹ֮ղڶ
վЩ˽ġ
߷չˣҲܺ£Ȱ˵ȷˣˣҲ뿪ȥ±һܰɣ
ʱҽ׽߲⡭
Ѿʲôð취ӦԴΣֻԹԵرˡ
ԣȷ룬ͱδӦˡ
һʰֽһЩķɻĸƲغãֻһȥ±ѡ
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ȽҲҪ̤ʱһ˴Ҵҵ˹еغһһȣ·˹ү
תʵʲô£
˿ɥش𣺡ɺС㲻ˡ
׳һ
ϸϸ˼ֱ㽫ŹϣתͷԸ˵һõңֱӴ뿪
ţָųһǵĺȷǿһЦװģֻԼȥˡ
ȷæ˵¡
ױҡҡͷְڰ֣˵ˣҵİɣֶһ˹ġ
ȷ˵ͷ
ǵɺһܻáɰС֪״ʱԲܡ
ڲöԷǵ뷨
װһ̬ȣ¶һЦݣһ޵ǰУһ͸ųþõעţֱͬԼľԽԽԶ
ҲվԭأһֱֱȷѾԶҲת󣬲ŷĵת˷ɱظ
ʱһƬƲ
ƽռͥõĵطڣһЩȨģ
ˣɺȼûбҲûбȥʲô߲Ժ
ֱֻͦͦڴϣϳһЩϰߣһ˫۾գɫƣ΢ϸɲ죬ϸ۲ĻֻȻ
㲲һϣ棬ͷ߰ףǸĺһ
˿޵ͨ죬˵֮ǰǿιĻˡ
򸾶ʹ˼㣬ˡ
ôһұֻܽ˽׹
ˣҲʵڲ֪ʲô
ԼдõķСøܼȥţ󣬱ҴɺȵĴǰ
վԣ˯õɺȼ۾㱼俴ſףһ𣿡
漴ͷӦһҪһü͵˵磬㰡㣬ˡ
׸ȥ
ɺȴһ鲻Խɪҵ˵ңᴫȾġ
ױޣɼȴۿһȣЩᡣ
Ȼüº͵˵ҪģװġƣһأʲôȾġ
ɺǿһЦ㲻ٿܣп˴ͷ
ʱû˹ȥǰ龫ֵĻԾ飬ֻޱͬף˵磬Һˡһֱǡټһ棬ôÿǰټһΣ˶Ҫѹġ
׵ü𣺡˵õģˡ
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̫ۡҲ̫ܵԵʣҡͷĶúܼˣֻ૵˵˵ʵҲ֪ŻʲôȤ·˹ҵĸ硭ŮһӺȤأһ۾ͷģˡӡ֮УǶ˹ˡȴЩĽŮ˶ãʲôʲôģϧϧûȥˡ
գٲҪЩ˼롣
ڣȴֻΪʮδСһκѹ
Ϊ֪ڵļͥУСŮճǼįģԼȴӲȥһ˽ܾԼǸðģ±˷֣ԣǿ룬ŴֻӷҪ뷨ӽϿ¡
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ײţɺȣɺȣסѽҪŵģֻлţҲܴȥ档Ժ㲻ҪĽʲô˹ˣ㲡ˣʲôҶԴȥģԣˡʲôҶȥ
ɺ۾¶һĨĹ⣺𣿸磿Ҳϴҡ
һֿ̣˼͵ͱԹûб㻹ÿˡ
׾ͽذο˵Լʲôԭͻиĺڵ
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СŮ㳹׵ر۾
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ˣһƽȶԴ

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ǴСҴܣֹغУĻľ˸߸ؽָźţɣѾǵѾǵ
ھͻӶֲԵʣ˺þöûʲô˹ܡ
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һ죬㲻׾Ͳŵ˴߳Ժһϣɹɹ̫Ҳɢɢġ
ȴûɵģǰĿ͵Ų֪ĵط
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׾ԹԵ˵Ҫٺһǿһȥתһתһӵˣⳡ߲ڣҪȥġԺָˣӦûָܻġ
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һĮȻı飬Ŀ΢΢ת˽ףص˵̫ˣ̫ˣҵɺѾˡҵɺȣҵɺȰ
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ֻ¹Եֵҵǡŭİǡ
ǲʲôҼֵĻƱصҳһˡ


88 
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һѩǸһİס
ʬѪͳͳˣ߲ƺҲη庮ȴˡ
¹ڴʱ緢شŴֻˡ
ʱȫ˿Ŀûоʲôͳƣ߹󣬴ԼƣӦ˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
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ɶ轵Щƽǣûù׼ӭһϺδʲôת
ʵﶼûУʳҲǽȱУӹߣʮа˾ȻҪġ
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ǣЩĲϾͱĵزü־Ůǵ֣ȫʻٷŽ԰װһƬװعѩɫΪΪ⺮䶬գһհٻʢ澰
ݳ޾ķǮȻС
λ˴ȥЩ飬ֻ֪ӻծ̨
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ƫƫӲЩʮŵΪ˹ؼʱ̣뷨ϵģʵڲУȥԩͷ
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ɵȵϣʾ޶԰ӣһޣȴûзӳã;ֻôһʱ̣䣬תȥˡ
¹һŶ˻ƽǰһƣרעؿš
ϰվͷæƣʱʱˣЩС͵͵ѣӮơ
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Щ˴ֹʧͷᵽζĿ˵һɹ׷볢һλ˺Щ鸾ζ
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±䣬ϲ˹ע˴ԣһûʲô¡Ҳ۵Ŀ˵ΪǷģҲˡ
һͷͬԶĵǹŵƶ
λһ򲻽Ůɫ࣬ڴŵʱǿƵҲڴ񣬵浱ϽصˣȴҪ˴󵱵ģ
ֻ䲻ϰǰóŵ̬ӭϸ΢ڣȴҲֺܻù
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ƶεʼ磬װرԹΪǸ߲мⶼ˴ؿǲѽЩ߲ƷļǣһҪɥ˵ģ㲻ĴڣҺüҵ̡һ˵ֵ˿ĵ˸ϣҵǰҴúɫ۱дһЩĻΪʲôȥ
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Ĵǲ¶һĨȴЦ˵Ե޷ݣ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
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ǰҲһƬԹˡ
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һһΪѵӣп˵ʵԸ£ЩȴϺͿˡȻҶô˵ҲǰҹӱȥѰ̸һ̸ɣ
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λȴһնȲˣ
ǿԣұͬ˵ⷬġ
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ͷҲ̧ؼ˵Ȼָ֪ЩվסŵġȺ鼤ߵ״£۷ı粵ᱻȥˡͷеı粵Ϊȡľٶԣ˼ȥڳϵйڦ裬ȰһȰʹһȴȥְݱܷͷҲ֮Դաأ
⻰˵üСˡ
˲֪λ뽫ԼĻȻ±ҪְˣҲҪмġ
ڣ˾ӡ
ԣ˴˶֪ô¡
ǣ˲һԵ˺󼸲Źһ󣬾ת˳ȥ
¹ĿǵԶʵһЩûڵġ
Ϊӽ쿪ʼĳϣȻûϲ̣ͬʱȴҲûһĹֺ˽ĵĳˡ

ߣ˹⣬źüڹԶ뿪ˡ
Ǳߣռǳϰȴûоʹ׵طŹ˽λϴ˺һͨĨڣĴһЩʲôƶԺǮƣʵǱλղ󳼸̰˵ҥԡ
Ϊ棬֪λѾְλ˸߲ҵף
ǻһţȻ̰۵Ĵѱ⣬ǲζţǱʱ̰۵Ǯ»Ҳܶ࣬ôһԹȼӱתȻ󣬴Ҿܰأ
Ȼ̰ЩǮ¹ȴȻۺġ
ԴװƣƾΪҷһӵĿϳҲЩǼܼͺ䡭
ˣɥֻѡŲ
Ĺػһ˸ףȴһ
죬λ˾ȻֱԲ˵㲢ҵʲô˽ӣҲ֪İɣ
׳ĬţʵҲ֪˵ʲô
˾Ӳؼ˵ԣҲָʲôҲ¡
̾һƿһ˵Ҳָָʲôģֻɺһ
ᵽɺȵԵʣ˲¶һɫ
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ױǿͬġ
ڼµı󣬾ηغһ
Ŷɺ𣿡
˺һ˲żżɵ˵ͬĹϵǺܺð
׽Ų̼Է˼Сؽͣǽõġ
Ȼ˶٣ֲһĻȥ桭ˣʵʵܺûȥ
ⷬ󣬵˵ݷָƽ
Ϊɺȵף֪Ůж̰ģˣ㲻ȥɽ׵Ļˡ
ǣ˶˵ؾ˺һ
ͻȻƣֵؿڣ·˹ǸúӣֻǡЩ죬Ͱȥסɡ
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ȴƺ⣬л㱵˵֪Ǹúӣȴû취ԼȥǨŭ
ɻԵʣˣ
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ױƲ⣬·˹Ŵ£һʲôķӦ
ɿ㲲̬Լ־׶ѪһؿߺûʲôϷ飬Ȱһ䣺Σˡϸñģɺ飬ҲҪҹҹΪĵġ
ѾǷϵ˼㡣
۾ڽ׵ϣȷĻĺ󣬷˵·˹ԭ㲻㣬Ҳ㣬ֻôϡͿعӡڣʧƣȴҪڳд죬ʲô֪Ӧ顭
ʵðݵѾûôĺˣѣҪ鷳˵Ҳ
ɵȴͻȻץסһѽԼضŵ˵ĸŮˣĸ̫󡭡ǵģʵһͬĸ츸ֵܡʱǱ½㱧ңҴߵġ
⵹ôֵþء
ǰйƲ²⣬ˣ֤²⣬ȴװһ̶ּװ¶ϲɫͰ͵ʣˡҺͱ£ҾȻͱֵܣ
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̶˵һЩ˼ʱֱ磬ͷѲһж˶Ӵǰֹ֮ġչˣһЩ鱨Ϊлһ棬ȴֻ޵ı˼ȲһЩӡ
ֽȻͬ˼ͷл⣬ʹҵ˼㣬ݾŤһҪЦһȴʹྷεĹŹģ
ײʤؿһĻλ˵зһĲ֢æȥҪȥҽ
ڵ˺ָܿʲŵһɥʧ˼׽Ȥ
һŤͷٲ뿴ޱìܺͶĴڣֻ֣ĵϵ߰ɣ߰ɣҿ㣡
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һϲ˵ı˵лһЩСϢģԣ㽫½Цһظ¹Ƶʣ£˵׮µǲģŮˣͬʲôϵʲôŮ󣬾ҪѶӸϳȥ֮ǰûأ˵ӹȻͿˡ
¹΢΢һЦʵһЦⶼģֻĵ˵һ䣺Լ뷨ڰɣ·˹ʵЩùˡ
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˲òԳӭӡ
ɻ˹ȥֺܾ˵֪ʲô£ѸмУҲﲻʲôæˡ


89 
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ױٽʱ¹վһСǰŲ֪ʲôĹŹҩ
һֻŸһֻһСףȫעؿǿڹԱϷһ߰Ĳҩʯͷ״٣ʮȻ
׵˸ֳɻ󲻽ɫʵ£ǡ
꣬ȲҪ˵¹ͷҲص˵ôһ󣬾ͼǿС
ԼĪһֶӣλһеĻСؽ׷ŵϷᶶһ£ĵضһٵĿİɫĩȻŷ·һ¿ʼͬ˵˻ǳɹˡŶˣװ·˹˵챻ϳˣ
ʲôЩһ쵽ƴȥҥҥҲǹˣôܳұϳţ
һߺؿСﱻһҩһ״ؽ˵ԭҲǾסڼѽ֪ģ͸ĸסһܲͬŮסһҵ죬£⵽ŪʲôеˡҶ죬Щˣ
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׾лƴҡͷǲˣȰҲҪ׳ԣ⿴ҩء
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˵ȫ⣬ɷģװģ˵ҺóЩôһֱԸ㡣Ͼ⹬һǲܵضѧһЩ֪ʶĻǻõġ
ױŹֵؿһ۹ֿһǹνĲҩֻ´ͷβͳͳǲ۵㣬һʱ֪ôˡ
¹Դ˻ԺͬЦ˵Сҩȵ䡭װģҴҪһҩԵġ
Ҳ̫أ¡ǲҩǡ
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ǳͬؿЦ˵˵֣ԴҳΪһ֮󣬱һǰδе˵ŮˣҵÿˣҶһء
׶ʱЦˡ
ǣ¹õǷЦտƯӣ˺һ¿ڣ´˵˵ģ·˹ûĥѴ򵹣ֹܱۡҵĲǷˡ
΢΢һ
ǡôĹػ֮ǰЦ⣬֪λ˽ıԣҪˡ
ٻԼĶˣ
λʵҲδαװһһжǳͬĸֵܼѪϵǣ
²⣬ֻ¶жɫһܳӣɱĵʵڸмúܡ
˵ô˵ˣﻹ̲סɵ˼·˹ͬĸܵܵô𣿡
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ʱѽҩװƿУطŵһߣڳ첲ס׵ļúȵ˵ҽ·˹㸸׵ְ飬֪ΧضѾ˺ܶлסЩͬ㶼ûʲôϵɲһŲֻճͺáϾǸӣɱȻȻͬˣǲǣġ
ⷬοڸˣǿΪͬĸֳĹգϣȴšΪһ˽ѪĹ¶ͬĸֵܣҲǲýʲôֵģԣı֣ͼı
֪ܴԼϵõʲôĦ죬һúֻüװӣһ߲ͷȥһ¶ı飬˵ûܰϱһæȴҪܱôĶݣʵڲ֪˵ʲôлˡ
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ԥԥʣƪ뿴ʲôأϴǸ˺ͻһûдʵڲѧǳҪϰ˰ɣҲ֪ģ׺ս˹ڴ˵óдŮ
ѣǸдͺá
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װôֹȴҪڳı顣
¹˼˵ǰãƶͬһ㱨˵һɷ͵͵طһЩǷСӣģ󣬵ʱ䳤ˣҲһЩӰ졣
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ڹڣٲǷݼ尾̵ʣԣ㵽ôأˣ
װһǳ̹׵ӣʵ֪ҵģһҰģΪ¸ʺһεľ
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֪Ǳ¹Ҫź˽ˣƶɺȲôԼζҪ취ȥбģʱͶԼһ򿴲˳ֲۣɿĹҲϧ
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90 
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91 
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92 
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һǶԶԶӲϴյġ
񣬲Ÿմӵǵõˡ̫·˹ĸܡ
ײ˼Ҳ֪λ̫ûʲôȷ϶ӵķʽһʲô֪̥Ǻͺۼǿɾе鷳ˡ
һ·ߵ죬ѲǵǸ΢ʲô紵ݶҪľսСɵˡ
ԣ鷢ȴҲ˷磬ֻƽĥţʶƣһȻ˵޷Ǿֶһĸףʶˣȴıһܹ鲻뷨ӵĽҲӲˣҲһ
Ϊˣ̹Ȼؽ·˹˳ϸؿֿ룬ĬĬӦѹص׼
ʱǡ꺣ȷҲ¼һŹ˵һ˼󣬱˵߲ȥʰ̷ǡ
Ϊ˱ԷԼǣ̻һţȲҪˡ
Ȼֽĸͳͳصһֻλ˲֪ĵط
ʰ׵󣬱ĵصȴ̫ͬһ쵽
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ǣ׾ȥ赽ȴλ̫涼ûϹһء
⵽Ǹʲô
󲻽룺˵·˹֪ߣ˵⣬¹
񣬵ѱڳá֮͢⣬Ҳ̫ټûҲ󡣿ɹǸʲô˼
װ˼£ı֣Ǻܻ·˹õһݣֲ֮˹˼޸Ǹ˾λкöμ棬ֳһ谮ӡ·á·˹׵ܵܡɼ̫ôʲôûˣ
Ȼλ˼Ī⡣
׷ֲ£Ҳ²˼
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Щ֮ƺһĬѾǰ˶֪ˣȴ̫ǰ屣ųĬ
ô˺þá
һԴһ֪ˡһǻϷ˼̫ͬ״˸档


93 
֪·˹̫ͬĹϵ
ѯʣ߱߸е±ǰǷ̫ͬʲôϵʱ򡭡
ֻԥ;˶ӡ·˹ˡ
ʱͬѾʱ˺Э.
ֻһʱȨ֮ߣԷȷʵȷʾԸԼ
ڡΪŮ𡱺͡Ϊ˶ӱܡ֮䡭
ʵѡǰߣ·˹̫˽ӵ˵˳
ֻ⣬˱һϽ磬ûȥſڿӵ˵ֻ֪ǺӾ֮ӣΪԲڴЩ꣬ŲʹûͬŮϴľǲǸеµĶӣֻ̫˲֪ˡ
ôһܺΪ̱һı
Ҫվ³ִֵ澡ɥҲ޷˶֪ˣʹ£һȥ¹ǲ֮ӣһҪȥһ̫߱߸е±ǲָʹ
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֪λ˴Լǳŵֻǿͷ֧Ʊ֪ʲôʱܶ֡
񲻽ƶĻߺޣŴԼͬûʲôøУҲԶıһЩ£ͬʱһԼĴ㡣
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Щߺͼ֣ƺɺȵȥʧˡ
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ԣ̫󡢶ԹֵûУ֪Թ϶кܶġ
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÷ش𣺡ĻͷһֳڣɵǣҲʡֻǡǰǱ˶˲Ҫġһ˲ǣһζû˴Һָ˸ʽڱϳ
׾ⲢǴ˵飬ˡ
ǣ÷һ۵һԣ÷ǳȫ޸ģ·һˡ
̫ţһ·ߵ˽׵ǰûֻƳ·ʱͲɵʶۡ
΢ɵŮǲЩ죿
Ů΢ȥףճտ˺һСػش𣺡̫ʵ˿죬λϴ·죬ЩϲŻ˴·Ǻһģһء
̫Բһ
¶˹ȥ˿ֿŻ㱵˵ˣһ·ѽ˱ȸе³ûҪÿͷеµĻ˰ɣô꣬Ҳˡȥʦ˵ӣٸһһ
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һ̣ɣǸʲôе±ص߱ߣ̫ͬڹ𣿡


94 
ԴӺ͵Ⱥ˳á
ƶλϵ¹ֱϣڳϳվ˽Ÿ
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ԣλѾλȨأ˽ҲһЩС
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ԣҽĿƷǡˮΣ
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Ȼһ˿봩ˮεβţָˮνڲڲ͵ı崦ߴʼ䶯Ѫ
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95 
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ͬʱһͷҲͷҲȵͬǶܾˣҿԴҸڣ뿪ǣ


96 
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ŵøӿ˴ɫ·ͬƶϵܺãֺ֮ôĿأ뵱;ӣԭܺúúһġ
ƶЩЦǱĺոЦˡ
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Ȼ㹻Ƥֿ˳Цģɫһ䣬ӿһЩһ׮Ҫ˰æҲֲ֮ǰźúúһˡ
ƶɻ˹ȥɽزйķԡ
ҲĹԣֻ˵˵׮£ҪһЩ˶ɱ顣
ƶɫЩû˵ȴҲڳ̬
̾һҲǴɣҲ֪ģʱգ֮ͬһЩìܣԣٲҪȥ£һЩѡҲǹ͢Ĺˣǣ˵ˡְھɹм仹ľȨġ
⻰ûʲô⣬
ƶ΢΢ͷװһı顣
˵ͬ׽ʱȴ֣Ҫɱأ
ƶ¶Ȼɫƺû뵽ֱ˵˳ر϶˭ЩɵʣҪɱ𣿡
ǵģдġ
һ࣬ص˵ôֵģǲܸģҿԸһŵԵɡ
ǰãŰŮɺȵĲѾ׷ˡԣҪͬһֻ㣬̫ңҪ鷳ġ
ƶǳⷬ
ȴĵ˵ңһʲô¶óģˣǱȡһЩʩУ
ƶظȡʩ
ûһׯϵػش𣺡λʵᷳ˼¡ɹԵǲ׶ģ̫һЩ壬ȴҪ
ͷӵĴڣ㣬ңǹְ۵ġ
ҵĻҲˡı桢ѵó˵죬ûأ˵öˣҲֶɵȻЩҵϣǲްġ
㣬ˣǿɾصĴˡñϴεǳɱӹˣ˭֪һΡԣ֣ˡ
ƶǳطеļƺ˼һ󣬲Ŀת̽ʣô˴ʲôأ
ѽһװգ
ŭػһ֣зڣҲҪѽټڳһ²ؼֺ⣬ȫһæӣһ֮ûϢȥٽһ˶ɱȤˣ
ƶĿȥֳȻ⣬ЩƲ˵ɫ
ʵҲ֪ЩǺں˵˵ɶڡˡ飬ȴޱͬɶûɳɵˡ
ǣ¶һ΢Цʾõ˵ˣҲǲⲻڵķ𣿡
вޣֻԼͿˣҲ֪ǰҪҪ
ˣټƽϣֻõĶƵ꣬¶һյЦݣƶ˵һΣҪװѵģ


97 
ΪʲôҪ壿
쵼ߴά˹߸ߵվһʯͷϴš
˵Ŀȴһ𾴺ϣɫ
Ϊȥά˹õͳ˵ҵʦñ˵һص󡭡
ڻʹĵдţһȺҰڽߵطѲȥһܳԵĶݸƤ£űŽţƤڴֲڣֱʱżҲԿһžǵģҰޣҲˡ
ά˹£ͳóأΪʲôΪʲô˻Ұޣѯʹܶˣ˶ңˣǴӳ쿪ʼעҪһԲݣţһۻµӬһУ
ЩѾۺˡ
ķһοţԱĨ᣻Ըʵ̩ºʹά˹ðվһǰ߼˷ܣһֱҲգؿŸ磬һɵĽ
Щ𣿡
ά˹ͻȻߣƬտĳϻصͼֻ谹࣬ûбӣʹӲ޴˽ͻ鷸𣿹Ǿô˵𣿡
̲סʼźǣģ
ڻֳһֵ󣺡ƽǳеÿ춼һ̲ͣظ֡ȻҺ͹ȴǵȫɹʱһڳԵĶʣ¡⣬һֿ˰ҪֵǣǮĹȴҪ˰ôְΪʲôǮ˴ӲǮûǮȴҪϵóеĲƲ
ά˹һ߻Žеݣһޱȳصظ̾γһ٣
ҵͬǣ
ߣۼţڻ˵ڻһжȻڻҪʵʵţظɻȻűһٻߣҪؿͷǿధʩһǴߵĶ𣿡
ǲҪ
˶ͷغţǲҪʩᣡùȥȺǿ
ǣά˹ֱͣٴΰ
شÿɨô˵˵ΪʲôҪ壿ΪֻȥΪֻøãǶ֪Һ͹ͳκ̰£ԶֻܱбūϣոһյпήɺԣûɡûҸûƽȣҪ𣿡
ҪҪ
ԣǱ壬Ʒڹľƶȣؽƶȣ
ҲؿʼǰҪһֲ©Ľ
ҲһЩ˵¶һ͵ǣ˵϶һּһֹٵɫ
ҵͬǣѾ˸ıʱ̣սʱ̣񵱼ʱ̣
ά˹󺰣ǷñʦĻɹͳ£񣡡
Ⱥһ
˶ڻźʲôĻ
ε۾л˸⣺𣿡
ķºȴᶨ˵ģֻҪͬĺ
ͬһʱ䣬ǡ
׻֪ԼһţӴٳһƾݽ
̫ĹƶɱҲŵ˵ı
ǷһĻɽ˵Ļڲ𣬲ѷҲɢ˹Ũ̡
˭֪ⳡʲôʱ˶ѾܵĲδ֪Ŀ־塣
ϣڴϷȥ˯š
賿ʱźò˯ôһСȴֱһ󼱴ٵϸˡ
ˣˣ
һôϤ˾ʧسš
׳һʲôˣ
æش𣺡ǵˡ
ҵ죡ʶغһ
ȻһߺȥϹһץߡ
м˱ˣظںͷһûͷӬĻӡ
׹˲ýˣҴ󣬱ķ˹ȥ
ɵϵطȻһƬ𺣡
һЩվڽֱĿɿڴؿţ
ҲһЩƺҪȻȴֱ𿾵շȣһʱԥ
Ļƣͬ޲ߡ
ýץ˺üʣأп˵𣿵ܳû
Щ˶ֻһɬı顣
һ緢ⳡ˵شˣûʲôӳأʵ̫ˣ
硣
һȥﾯǱ߽Ԯһ߻ǮļȥˮȻ𡭡
æã˺üʱǿʹô𽥽Ϩ
Ȼ»Ϩ𣬵ȴҲ඼ˡ
ϱڲԫשߡ
״վǣǲŵãȻӡ
˵Եжĸ飬Ȼǲʵġ
ɺö˶һʶˣǰ컹úõģȴĪ𺣣Σⶼһ˿ĵ飡
պټ˽ס
λóССݵĹ¸һ棬˵ˣ·˹
ƺܾȣԼûʲôоأ¡
¹º͵˵ʵϣϣû̫ģװġ
ʶؽ۾ƿװӣҲϣǡ£֪ģ̶̼£ɺȣǸ״ˡʵڡ𣬱£
̧ͷ˹һʮֲҵЦݣ˷·ңáףҲһֵҡ
Ϲ˵·˹
¹ü˵ûʲô˲˵˵أһֻ֮Ҫڣ㲻ʲô㡣
æװжӣлл
ǣ¹ֿ죬»ָ΢Цı飬̶״ѯˣ·˹ûЩʲô֪ģ鷿ʵһЩغµļ
ĥһ⻰˼ȴźҡҡͷӶûˣʲôļǶҲˡ
һĨЦ¹Уܿʧˣתǵϧ飺Ҳû취ˡ
ţļ󡭡
ױ뿪ˡ
ֻʱ򣬲Ϻ
ƽղ죬棬ҲֻǶһۣһͷʹ߸·ˡ
·˹⺢ӿЩ㲡
һس¹գۣ¼ˣҲЩ۵ġ
¹ؿһֵۣܻĵܵʲô
ʱҲͬ˺ֻ˵Щѹܻȥ
΢ЦŸͣǰһжȥ
¹ϲ˵ģ仹޼ɵ˵
ˣЩӶƳ˺һۣҲû˵ʲô
ţ˱顣
¹ƺ˺ʲŵ̽ʼն΢Ц
ʵϣʲôûǡ
ֻ鷢չزʮֲϡ
ңãĳǣ
λڼǬٶϵľҲʼ֮С


98 
˸ɸɾ
ˣͳͳٻó׵ס
¹ΪӴ˸ǣȻغ΢Ĳֿʼ׷Ůɫ
ڼ䣬ڡкпܵ¶ֵˡƶɹˣ
װϷһ䶯
ʱ˻±ϣûйȥʲôֻڹǵճ˴ơȾơ衢潵Ȼ⣬ձ鶼ġ
˵ƶ¡
ͣⲻ˸λһȼٲ䷳ȥʡɱ¶ѣΪʲôҪթһϵе⡣
ƶϲװ͵罻ҲһֶΣ£һˡ
һزŵ
ڱѡ˳ɹ̺ʶԼڵΪȫڹǸе裡
ڵ⵽飬æ·ߣʱʱ̫˺Щ׵顣
ˣ±÷ƽ˾ˡ
˵ƺֻһС˻ոճֱϢɢˡ
ȻȺ˷׷Ϊµʱ򡭡ͻȻ֮䣬·һǣһӱ㽫ƽݵӸ˸ϡã
ԭ˵һС˻
෴һ˼Ԥ档
ӽЩɹǣһҹ֮ͳͳð˳
˸ѪϾļ⣬һٶʮһá
ȻһҶ벻˳ˡǸ˵£ӴҲǵĵ˾Ȼˣ
԰һһɫɥһĺͷɴرһ˵װ֤Ĵӡ
Щɹ֡ܵرɵԸ壬һ£ӲѾ˵ġ̫ͨе±ıɱԼƹڡٴΰڵ̨ϡ
¹·һ
û뵽ɱ֮󣬾һ©֮㣻Ϊؼǣ©֮㣬ȻһȺֻ
ðǷǳҪһȫġܿʶЩҲ⴦õľɹ壬һȴγһɲɺӵڶʱڣҲǲġ
ǣתԸȥƶָЩ¹ǣվڳƺһЩˡ
ȻһΡ
ƶȴһװģذڳΪɫȻѣҲΪǽѣʵв
˺죬ɹǲƣ
¹ؿЦ
ǰ߿ڿҪϳ̫ͺһʵǸںʲôģֻǽҪЮô
ںߣǸһֱλεذʾˡʲôв˼еҪǰæȸһЩȨ
¹ŭûй϶ЩȫҰģɿڡ
ΪˣĽӣһҪһͳͳôã
̫ͺȻǲܵġ
ǡʹˣֻҪûܴռôôǶǼҸд˱֮£
ٻѡһЩҪĺô
Ȼˣ
ɣ
ڳӵľмӺùģ
ԾϣֻװƵӵļƲߣָӵššššҳһЩתŤתľơ
û뵽ǣԼȷ㹻ģܵȥģȻ󣬾ɹȻżɶ̸֪ʱܼ꣬׷װ飬ȥ¹ǣǾ͸żˣĿǰһ֮ӡ
˵Ȳȥ
ŮˣɷҲˣ
λķѻĻһ㣬ջл㱣żϴ˯ǽϵһЩӰӣ·ɷͬŮ֣ЩҲһԲ
ˣѹܾɹǵ档
֮ͬɹһ𣬲ǽǵҳһˡ
ɲЩɹͬͷ
ǲںжңֻ룬Ҫͬ۸
ĵľ潩󡭡
˱ˡ
̫ͬ߱߸е±صķдһֽõǣֽŹڵ飬ƹݼԺ
⣬һЩ֤Ʃ̫де±صļ顢óĹڹֺȵȣͳͳӡϼٷݣȫɢ˳ȥ
Щ󡭡
˱˶صˡ
Щ¾Ǽ򵥵ĺأ
ǰ̾һ֪Ҿ͸ȥҲʡ⼸ûõĹĶǺ͡ĵļ尾
ķչ
էͻȻϸҲ
һʵڵù͸
һˣˣһУҲ
ֻýײһ׮ڡΪɺȷʵʵĺãٻΪʱܲ벻չĵˣпΪڵŻʱҲһϵַ߾ȫȥȻ𡭡
֮С
Էڷعҳŵʱ򣬾Լͬû˽ӡʶģôڣʹĿǰһ֡˶Ѳµ̫ͬǸ߱߸е±ص˽ӣȱٵ򸾵ָϣû˸˵ĹŹ״̬
ֹŹ״̬ļӳ¡
װһ޴롢ĵӣϿʼлͣ˭Ҳģ˽ȴ͵͵ԼֿһΪꡯСףûԼŵӣȥμ˼ܼᡣ
ʱйɷת䡣
ֻ˶ȥעҵЩţûȥʲôñӣЬӵˡ
ңһϵеĳţȻϾɥɨأ
¹ڣҲʵû취ˣգֻˡ
ǣһ𡭡
ֱܽˮСǾƹݽӿ͵ļŮͬ٩٩̸Ұˡ
ƽҲû취翴һЩˡ
ֻ򣺡ͬͨ˺Ҳûʲôһѽƺ˻Ҫ޳һЩءԣ̫˽ӣҲᱻñ¹ͺһҲֵ𣿡
ƶ֮ϵڱקص˵ϡ
жҳԱЩӦеľηҲѩһڡ
¹ζӳ¡
˵ûҪȥʲôҲ̬ᷢչʧصĵز
ֹ죬ЩзѾԽԽ׵Ұԡ
λսõĹºȻһֱĶ⣬Щɱһɱˣ


99 
Һ͹ǻȨҲݣϾ˵ʱеһЩԱ֪ʶӣԼǰͳεĵײһĵµ˼籩
ȻĴƵؾٰһһܼᡣ
ָ˼ŷּҵײţȪһӿ
ԽԽľ񱻻ѣ֪Сĵѧȥ˼ȥЩȽ˼롭
Ѿֹһˡ
Խ׽״⼸Щʿǵнˮͣŵ״̬Щ˽ǰôʼѧŷ¡Υˡ
¹״£ͻȻһøΰﾯȥץһСꡯߡ
ΪꡯǰдһС޹ءĶƪ¡
ƪµݴǽһλɫĹϲǿŮ湻˻ŰɱȥȰɣȴƵӣƪµһ𣬵Ǻԥؾ;ܾˣԭǡ޹ء
֮š޹ءԵʡ
ڽֹıУȥܺͨ籨Ѷ˷߶һϵеΪͳͳľʵѡ˾ܾ
ĩβǻһر²ؼʮĮؿżһװ˵޹޹дļкͿ޺֮һֱȵǽǸմȾѪ¿ʱƳȥһۣȻ󡭡
[·𿴵ʲôëȻĶһöôֵǮĽָͻȻл˳]
ǵɫò԰ס
ȼϵöָĵܹȥٷһشжȻ󣬲֣޷صĿ־;һѳ
һʹİ
ΪװڴˣǱˣ»ӡ
µˣ
ԵûмʶʵĽβת
ԣͻȻôһƪϵĹ£һʱ䡭ű˵СİоС˼ģǲ
ܾ巴ӦΡ
Ҷһ뷨вţʶ
ʵҲǽ׵Ŀڡ
ȷʱǣһȲͽ͹ĵĲģҲͬ竹ӸǴһԺ֡쳤վãЩµЩ־ͬϵ˵˵
Ϊñ̫ˣһʶ᲻ؽʦϹϾȫʺͬƽȵĽ͹ͨˡ
ԣ׸ɴ¸ԼһꡯСţΪСдƪƷҲû̫˼룬Ǽ򵥴ֱЩΪҲԼͷϣʼԹ۵ˣ͸ίظһˣ㲻ȥֹеĻȷǶгһղήٵأ
˵еĹҲһͨķɽɫ
½ɫɲʲôλҲһЧӰڵķչ˼ϵı
ԣ²ûӰ¹˼ǽ¶˹ҵһЩڰ档
¹ȴйĨԼɣҡ
˵ɫҲˣȻ˵ǿ顢Űɱ
λŭ񶾡ѽҷǿ쵰ͷӴҲܺ˵˵
ǣﾯǷ׷׳ˡ
Ǵһܼĵص㣬һͻȻϮ
ã˵պþܽǸʲôץ鰸ɹ
ãûϣӦҲͨЩμӼˣ̽һЩǸʲô鱨
ԭ뷨
ȻŶ룬μܼĶʮͳͳΧֶڷʱ򡭡
ǣ֮
ﾯӵĶӳվ˳ڳеĸ߰ƣװǻƵ˵һнﷸʱԵͬλﷸŮʿʶˣԹ壬һᣬվװɣ
ɲǼһƬž
е˾߶̧ͷĬضţ·ڽһؽ
˺һһͻأ𣺡ǽꡣ
һλް߰׵Ⱥ˳˵Ǵ߰ɣ
ˣүӡ
һ˴æ첲סλһεı飺Ҳǽ갡
ˣҵı
Ľ꣬޹ءдġ
˵Ҳǡ
ˣΪҳˣĽꡣ
ļž˲˲гֳ¡
˶ŵغţǽ꣡
ﾯȫˡ
վﾯӳĿصĳзѽֵ룺ЩûʲŵĻץﷸģͳԷġ˹ˣЩ˶𣿡
ãȻ󿴿ҿ˭İ
գΪ˽
λӳò˶ץ˻ȥ


100 
¹ֻǳйߵץһɱ
û뵽ﾯһȻץ˶ʮˡ
Ⱥ
¹֪󣬲૵һ䡣
˵ʮҲ࣬ɱҲɱˡ
񡭡
ӰУһЩͬԼԵĹǣһĬĬĥ£ЩΪǣǸץҲץˡ½ͳͳԴҲû˸˵ʲôڣȴһֳɵĽڡҿŰɣճᣬЩǾԻⷢӡ
뵽Ҳ˲ˡ
¹ֻȥĥôӦˡ
Ȼϣ
ڶձкü֪ﾯӷȴƫƫҪվָоΪִץˣѾʹΣˣӦϳ͡
ȻܽΪԼµ˶ͷˣպ˰£
ԣµغ˵޳ǵĻλǡȷʵӦǵĹء
Щվ˱㶼΢΢һû뵽Ȼ˵޳ɵġ
ţ̻ΪʾôߣװһԴǵӣʼ̸̸ʲôҷȵҪԣ̶ǿһ˵λжߣһɣøͷ
߹հ˹աһ·հգɹؽյ̫ͨе±شɱһ
Ǹոôһͷ˵̫󡯵ʱ򡭡
¹͵ػתһ˵Ŷͣһͣˡ
µزţʲ˵޳ɵ˼޳˵ĹзȣҲҪǵĹأԼﾯӦշȺ͹ذ¡ǡ
΢΢̧ƤĿ⽫ڳ˶ɨһ飬˵Ǹλˣ˵ѵķȺ͹𣿡
Ȼ㣡
ЩվĹǴôģȴҲô˵ġ
һʱ֮䣬Щվֻܴſ죬ʲֵóѵЦʧøɸɾ
¹Ϊޡ
֪һʼЩվˣҲ˸ͷԣϲ¶ɫֻ΢΢ЦţƺΪոյƽϺȴŵڶ
ܿоɹվ˵ˡ
һΣԲﾯӵ鵱ˣֱ˵Ҫ׷
ںı永
һ֤ݲǺ㣻ûôأϾֻʱûȥʲô
ԣ־һͬؽݷһߣúӹһ٣ֻץ׮ɰ֡
ˣ⼸ˣͼĿǡ
Ҳֱʱ
ԻˣֻλϴЩ̺ңǰʱͬ˵֮ˣǱضҪ⵽λϴһݺģ
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ûһ˿Ϊˣ
ЩɹǱǰǱȨضٹ⣬˵²ضٹ⣬ҲҪһЩ棬׸
ԣͷ
ǲ۷ϣֻԹԵسЩ֤ݣٴҪ̫͡ǲͬ߱߸е±˽ͨ⣬ǰе±شɱһΣǴδɱǲָ̫ʹңݱʱ䣬ǳɱ¼Լңôȥ򲡶˶أ
¹͹ȥģɼЩ˷·ʷһ̬ȣԽԽŭˣȻĺͰĲɵ÷˵ҲͲЩɫȥʱǲŵ顣ȥʮˣȴֱĳôһ߰顣ǵ֪𣿡
ȥôãʲôȥ˽еأ˵̫ĸѸߣÿϸƾ˵ֻƬһЩ֤ܿܺݣҪһˮҪվͣʲôҵҪǣûҪʲôͣ˵ǴҪң
Щ˱òſڡ
˼֣Ǳ£ǰѽЩ˳ȥ鳹׵̫ס±ۣǶ˵Ǹ𣿡
⻰
̧ͷһˣ׮⣬ƺҲûʲôҪҪЩˣתˡ
һ֪ôˡ
üյƶվڽУȤһĻ
ȵһЩʱ
΢һͷȥЦ󣬳żĸʹ˸ɫ˳ȥ
˼ˣһʱҲ벻ʲôõķӣҲظ뿪ˡ
һߣ˼ʲŵִ̫޹ķȥѰ̫ú̸̸¡
һȵʱǡ˹˴Ĺ˳
λʧڹȻռŸͷϾֻǸʣڹһɽԣƢõ󣬿ʼڵȥС
˵ȤЩʮԹճԷ¡
ڣתܺˣﻹŰɯܽλóþá
ֻǻ˱˵Ǿеġ
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λ罫ף֪λһɫǼŮ˾߲ģԣÿչ鲻ŮˣǸŮ˵ġƽûûˣûʲô˼ġ
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˹Ķ˵ְԹ˸۹ȥֽεε˵밲¡
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£ء
˹ע⵽Ŀ⣬ͦͦأֽӴ򿪣ȶһΣһ˵ǵɫ˵ʱ䳯һЩ˺ñ²ء
¹ԣؿһֻۣ̫ͬװɵһ䣺Ŷ𣿡
˹ûľܾװһﻨӣ̾һסԹ˵֮Ľ飬ºαأǶ֪
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µĴǵһĨ
һĸףһǳΪѰ²Ҷģʵ۱£Ϊǽѡ
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ҲôģֻҴµһƬġ
˹ϲֺߵ˵һС뷨ţʵó棬ֻȥͬһȥ̫Ȼһ̫ȥͣýЩӦȥһ˴ҵ֣ͨôأ
λ˵Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
Ϊ¹̫ȥͬ˽ͣΪĸֺӵ⣬ԣƽظ˶Էһ̨£Լȥ̫󡭡
ĳ˵Ҳɷѿġ
ڣ˼·һʼǴġ
Ϊһ
գҪ̫̫ͣЭȥˡ
ôգҪͣѲɹҲҪЭԼ߳ȥͣ
ߣλֻҪȥ͡
гһգҪġֵأ
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üһַǳͷɫˣǺУȥһɷѽ˵кüղżˡ
˵꣬±㶪ͷҲص뿪ˡ
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˼ʱƺ˼Цæתһȴԭǿȡ
˹߳ŭΪԼ˿ЦŭʣЦʲô
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΢΢һҵˣ
Ȼ㲻뵽˽ףҧ´׷ʼ䡭
˹ȴⲻسЦЦŤͷˡ
һǣһǣﱻֱţҧָ׵ɱӳŻأ·˹ʲô鷳أԭʲôµģ
ͬʱʲôµġ·˹ˣʵǺ·ġ
ﾯţжץ˵ʱ򣬲ˣΪƺƴ
ԣʮꡱոձûãϢʹ˾֪ˡ
ʱҺ͹ڶݣܿܲԵʡ
׼뿪ˣϢԥͣסˡ
ַּѽ⣺Щ˵ӶˮǼ˹ˣûʲô֪һʱ嶯Ầ˵𣿡
ﾯҵǽֻ꣬˵ʶͺáٻߣԭαװ˵ģҲ±ˣԸסԸΪʲôҪһѷش֡ѪѪжǸжȫˡ
ôԹ
֪Щ˲֪αװģһ˽ΪչΪ˱
׷ǳһ֮ûķľȻ˵У˼ȥҲû취Щ˲ܡ
ǣ֪뿴ԼǾӲͷƤؽȥ̽һ¾ôǶʮˣֻҪȷϴǶٶһȫͿȰķһţ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ϾǸ⣻
ֲ֪ô˹Ľ⡭
ǶѲʲôȫóΣˣ


101 
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¹ȷʵʱһüͷңһ䣺·˹ôˣ
ԥ˼룬ôʣ˵Բ𣬱¡ֻǡЩ
ػرе⣬ֻ֪ԹרеӣǲԸͬԼʲôģңڱķҵʱԽ⣬Խᡣ
ԣֻ򵥵һϵıһȱ˹ģҲûʲôգ¹ҪǨŭҲץʲô
Щ뷨ԼǶ·ˡ
¹ĻĽȻࡣ
λס׵ֳ֣΢Цһ£º͵ؽ˵װģҲûʲô˼ֻʱЩͬңʵæЩķˡ
װеطһ䣺ЩҵǸΣűһܽշġ
¹עĿ͵ζ
һǿɫҪȥ࿴ü۵ӣԣ˷ĵʱ̣Ҳ֪кЩ鷳ؽһ׺󣬻չЦݣָ̾˵װ·˹ЩǶһģٲ÷ʲôˡ
ԼЩЦЦ
֪ʲô˸Ļ˵
ʱ˫ǡöһѺõĽ͸Ŭ졣
ǽ뽫תĶʮꡯΪ̫⣬ʼ̲ʲôᣬһֱŬͣ
ƺҲʲô˵Ŀ˸ֹվȻʲôû˵ֻڽˡĳĳƺ塱飺 ݵ´һݱ棬ֻ˵ʮ£һ˵ٶأı棬Ȼ˵ø࣬Ѿǵ˼ǧˡ
ԣ۾ܾȵӣǧˣ
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Ȼ󣬲Ƚ׻شͺŭ˵һһʼżʮˣ칦ͱ伸ǧˣǵɵ㿴ɣҪôĿֻţ˵˵Ҫô˻ѱðûֿˣ
һԭˡĻȻ顣
ʵϣ뷨͹ķǡǡ෴Ϊǧ˵ıģܱȼǧ˻Ҫࡣ
˵ͷЩʮˡ˵ı棬пΪعԱ³񣬱ϼʳͷһʼٱֱסˣſʼ˵滰
Щ뷨߹ֻڳԹķѾŲɵӡ
¹ҲԹԵط˵פƽ߶ѵأӦЩļʮ١мǧļǣȻҪԮС˵ûʲôΣǲŵġ
ôһ׷еôһˡ
Ϊڴ֮ǰױʰﷴǱ޸ĹΪʲôҪ塷£ԣһΪں֮ڣȻٲ˰ĥϢ
פҪԮϢģ˵Ǳߵսʲôһûۼ⼸˻ģȥˣ˲ƴ𣿡
ڱµЩϵ뷨̫ڸפͻȻҪԮ£һӴеǸˡ
ΪǹıһҪЮٻΪǹͻѱڽҪôƩ磬صȨ͹Ȩ
ˣӦ
Ȼµǰɹطˣȴһ⣬ֻȲ飬ֻ¶ԡ漰ȶһ׮£͹ǾȻûܾһ£Ӵ˵˴˻Ķǡ໳ɡ
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һЩΪԼСͻȻˣܡŷӦӦָˡͬñӡǰһһصĶæװʮյӣ޺޵ػش𣺡Ǹ޳ƺֲؽôӦˡ
µ۾һĨɫŵģ·˹ڳʱһȥץץˣҾͽ˽㴦á
˵ŵ̴һ˿ŭɫ̶䷢ģַ߷ߵ˵ЩŪ֡ɿյĵʮɺ޵ҪУΪɺ޵ĵǸʲôñһñӶˣнðͷǸʲô꣡
ʲôꣿ
׾һûϹĻȴ˶ȥ
˵ǽ꣬ƻĵıʵ˵ãұֻɱһˣȴô˾ҪȥϾʱȥǶҪЩˡǣȻҾǵóԸֻڻ˶֡
ˣԷġ
ų͢ЩڲݵĹ壬ƹʱӦòʲôϾˡ
¹ʱڷźݻԺǷҪ˽Щˣһһץͳͳľϡ·˹װģμҽյĻʲᵽЩˣһŹģ
һԼıʲôŹֵı仯һϿҵŹޱ˵£
ֻĲһ䣺ʵҲô鷳һȥץֻһ˵Ҳˣ


102 
״ϢȷǶʮû֮Ǻ󣬱ת˹
ʱѾ˶Եĵ£϶ҪֻԼˣϾҪ׼·ˡ
ڹﵢãʱѾ硣
ûؼʳɴóͣ·߾ƹǰԼ³ȥʳ
ɵǣҾƹݸպġ
ڴ֮ǰλӾҾƹݴ󽲡ؽ죩ŮǿĹ£޵顷һΪҾƹݴ˸档
ƹϰʮͷԣǾˣ̻ǵزȶȣȽСƹݸΪǿƹݣþƹڼŮдȫѧžŮǿӷΣװջһʱкЩ̰ͼŮɫ竺ͻţϲ޵顷Ĺǡ
ǣйôһѡ
ƹɺõó棬ڻʲôԷʱ䣬кЩ˼ͷ죬۵šԡСϢ
Ув˶ĵŻ⡪¾ɹ֮ͬһ¡
ұ̫ţֱӱ̨ң¹ɫ⼸ҲûôúңʵںٶʲôøУ
һͷΪɹĵˣ֮ǰ˺ЩڹҲãټЩƾɹżʷƾãƽʱ˰Ű裬ԣʵҲôϲһȺ塣
һֻѡһĻǾȻѡվ¹һߡ
ǵΪ¹ûоɹЩªϰֶܵ͵ܰؼӣӦǳˡ
ôҪᵽλ¹ͷƶ˵ΪҲܲôѹա
Ϊƶ֮ǰȢ˵Ůɺȡ
ˣ
תתһȦֹ˽
˵Ҳֻʣһ˽ء
Ҳ˱Ӧɣ뵱ͷӷҪʲô߲ԺЩûʲôµģֻôһ֢״Ҫץȥȫˡ
˶ˣ˵ЩʲôֻϧС~˵ö࿡ѽ峿һɰϦһѤ
ҲϣƽƽΪжôÿֻϣԺܶдһЩơ޵顷Ȥľ硣һʱ䣬ĵҪ
̸۵ʱ򣬽˽
һϷ˺ü۵ĻƳ͵һŤͷȥڶ̫ˣϷ۶µҵ죬ǿɣϿ쿴˭ˣ
ƹΪ֮һ
˵Ŀⶼ˵߶ƶ
Ȼײ֪Щ˸ո̸Լ
ϰ߱˶ſˣԣ̬ȺܴݣûʲôЦ⣬һ·߹ȥʱżвôվкʱҲòػһ΢Цһͷ⣬ͷβ̬ȶǺͺġ
ԣȵͷ˼ŵʱ
ƹЩ˾üŪۣƼ
һһ˱ƾ˳߹ȥͬ׽Ͱ͵شڨ··˹þòѽǸǸǣ˵ء
̧ͷʶһ䣺˵ңʲôԼ֪ģȴֹҵ𣿡
ҲЦࡣ
Ǽ׺ܺ˵ǻ׷״˹ͬ˵
кİοģ·˹ģ¶ȥġ
ƼģװģпգһҪȣǽƹݵɫˡ
кģ·˹˵ʡǱ췴ˣģܴ𣿡
Ҳµģ·˹·˹Щɹ˵̫ĺ𣿡
׽ǰͳͳ˹ȥĵڻϼ䣺ллģҽѺöˡлƼҴ᳢һġ췴Ҳ֪ģߣġ
ɼһ⡭
ͣסˣԭһЦ˵ģĿⲻɨЩֵȺȴо֪ʲôʱĻ˼мˡ
һʮֱֹӷ˵ҲûƵҥԣЩҲô޻Ļ
ͷĻ䣬ͷʵ˾̽ӿڣ޻أ
׵ߵƹȥ΢΢üͷȴ侲ˣȴ˵ôҪʵڸ㲻ˡѵҪǿ̫ĺӣҷ˳ЩͬڳϣΪ̫粻ݣѵܹ̩ˣ
ʵ˶ʱˣⴿǽƱ硭
ȻԱΧ۵ȴ׷ͬ·˹˵öԣأ
һ˾Ȼ߷ȻҲ㲻ЩЩʲôЩ̫ˣʲôϵûǵĹ¶һɻ˸ˣ
׺Ȼؾ֣΢΢ѹѹʾҰ󣬲żװǻƵ˵ҿ̸̫󵽵мˡмӣɷŵ˵ŸվôһߣҪЩԸҴӼлָӴ˱øΪˣ۾ȴռֻ࣬һζű˸˽²ŵĴ
ƹֻ÷׷ֺȲʣ
ˣӵؽкã·˹ǳϵЩǶһͺˣ
ǲŲᣬֹԼᣬҪֹôء
ƳһʲʵˣԼͬһļˣͻȻϡſں˵λҽս¼⸳˰ģڿ˲ô
ƹе˲˳Ž׵Ŀ˹ȥ
ֻЩ֪ʲôʱɢƹݸˣѾ¶˷ذΧ
ƹеǳһ̿£վסʲô·˹ǹ壬ûйôҺץˣЩһҪ·˹סǣסǣ
Щȫû뵽򵥵ץһˣһʱ
ܿ죬ǷӦ̽ϴʲôذװγɱڵܡ
ƹһѻȸ
װ̾һǷľðͷҲɿ޹ڰæ
վλҪ֣Ҫ֣ҪҵԸһˣֻҳٷġ
ʵƹ˶ǱɿûʲôȥԷǵǽذ׵ģЩˣ⻰̨ףֻ΢΢Щ顢Σⵣǵֶһ䣺ǡǲẦɣ·˹
ײ²Щ˶Ҫȥ裨̫ˣ䲻֪ʲô裬ȫȻǺбϵģϷװһ֮ӣط˵ʹһˣܳ׽粻ݵ⣬֮ܳìܣӴñº͸λҡ棬ô˵Ǻңҡԩҡɱңкηأ
ƹеһ˱жӯ
Щץ˵ȫһ±ƺãȻģͷ˿ûôͺҪӢ¾ˣ
ôһ
Щץ˵ҲұƵ̫ˣֻ÷ȥԷصһߡ
ϸʵسŷ߾ܵĥţʵָܳʲôתۡ
ϧʲôû
ֻһֱԣʼôӣ߶塣
극Ҳϲȥˡ
ײŲ˲죬վҪЩץߡ
ɵЩ׼ذΧţ·ѺͷһſȥʱȻһ·˹ˣ
æתΪת
˭֪ȴǾƹϰ׷ôһ˫ַϣڵ˵ȿˣ˴ϳ԰ɣ


103 
ײûܵʲôǱѺһóԺúȵչţʱûʲôͬ˵
ЩɹǴ뽫Ϊһ̫ͬ˽֤ͨݣٻߣܻһҪЮҵ˼
ǰߣΪ̫̬ȣ׶ԼʼմǣԼܳ䵱ʲô֤ã
ںߣ⻳һЩͺ΢˼ȻΪЩ˻ںʲôѪ𣿡
ô˵ܲҵر˾ɹͬҵĲ֮Уһʱǳȥˡ
˫Ȩй˼ɣʱڲĻΣȫ棬ԣӣ䣬ĵع˼
Ҳ֪ɹġ
һϣ˯󡭡
̫ھɹǵͬ˵Ǽ£һΡ
ֻվſڣû߽ȥûоֻôңңһ
Ȼ뿪ˡ
һжͷβҲûгʲôھɹ˵ȻĬˡΪüƣ༷üŪۣǸˡ
̫ȫȻǣûϹ㲻ΪԼΪʲôףֻ
ʵҲ֪ȥһ˵ģɺܶǽǾάֵġ
ңһ¶صģʱиµĳ嶯֮٣Ҳһʱ嶯ˡ
ֻ󣬲Ųգע⵽ЩɹưİЦ
ûʲô
̫зôοԼЩͳͳѹȥװһƽӣ߻Լ޹
˭֪һ޹ȴԼĹһϣ˽󣬷̧ͷԼƺѾ˺ܾõӡ
̫ʱ֪Լй¶ˡ
һʱĸӶЩĬĬԣֻš
ĩˣ¹ɳƵȿڣԲĸҴӲǺиġ
˵⻰ʱƽȴıǸҲûǸ⣬ЩգƺԵΪԼ鷳һ㡣
ҵĶѽŮˣԼĺܹһЩ顣
̫󲻽̾Ϣ˵һ䣬ȴæһ䣺ѽУʼҪģҲʲô£һΡðɣçײˡ
¹ԽĬ
üͷŵ棬öһԡ
̫ΪﻹԹԼæֽͣϣҵĻ¡ĸô֪꣬ҵġô겻棬ϵҶǺӲ̫飬еҲһĸײӵ֮顣
ԣֻһγ嶯Ҳ͹ˡǿͬģ˭վҪģԺ󲢲Ҳ֮ǰһ
ֻǡʽȥԺǺӲʲôµʱ˳Լһ°ɡϾҲĵܵܣ𣿡
̧̧Ƥ
ӵһ̫󣬺ӿڴͳǸ߱߸е±ֵıۻ˹ȥ
̫ʶؽӹۻȻô
¹һ߻䣬һ˵·˹úƯԸҲΪϲûʲôϵҲȷʵɴཫܵˡʵһ׮£ԭģһֱ㣬ġԼӦЩɣôȷš
̫΢΢˼ĿͣǱۻϣͻȻʶʲôԼվȵַסһԵӣɫ¶һƺηȴִŵѹı飬е˵һֱ֪˭ɱԭԭѽΪʲôҲ㣬ͬǸӡ
ʱ͵ʲ˵ĻûʲôϵҲȷʵɴཫܵˡΪʲôΪʲôҪ˵ǡûʲôϵأѵͬĸֵ
һµĲ²⸡ͷ
Ĵţֽ۾ˣѵһ˵Ȼɱԣĺӡ·˹ҵĺӡҵĺӡҵĺʵҲ𣿡
⻰˵꣬һ۽ǻȥ
æֲ̧ȥᣬ૵˵йоģֻӲȥ롭
ĸ󡭡
¹ϴһֻл㱵΢ЦΪʲôãһɱҸֵĶӻأ
̫ϲԾֳһ쳣ʹͺȻɫ
¹ϼֻл㱵Ц¶һͱཻӵɫ.
ԼֶֻٵǰĿⶨһ΢΢ָڣƺ뵽ԶĻ֮Уһʮָطŵǰ˵ǵģĸ󡣡
ڶ죬̫󲡵ˡ
ҽٿʲôֻ֢˵
̫յڴϣҲױˣ·ܴܵЩϲĿʿǶ»ӵеЩˡ
ʱЩɹǻصЭǸ˽ӵ顭
˭֪̫һĮģ·ȫ⣬²ˡ
ɹзѽ⣬ֻɳȥίʾٲòһҪЩִ˵ġ
¹ò
ֻЩɹʵ쿪
˼ģҪָƶȣʵڲҲҪ̵һЩصĹȨͱȨ
ֽȨҪǹζʹġ
ɹܾûһǰʾ˺ȻĿŵͬ¹˵̫Ȼͬ߱˽ͨɱôʱδʲôԣ֮λɲúϷˣ
¹Դ֮Աǣǡ
ɹҲ֪Ҫƽ̸ǲܵˣԭƻʵʩҲǵǰ׮£ٿᣬ̫˽ͨıɱһ
ǰҳ䴫ɡ
չǴԣûжۡ
Щɹ岻ĵҪ󣬾ƺҪ¸ʵˣ
¹ձŭ
˽ƶٵ˹У֮ıãЩۣҲҪЩˡ
ɯվڴǰŴ⡣
ĹŮ꼧æΪһȲ裬ֹеʣˡҶ죬£ƺЩأ
Ų豭૵˵ΪҵģװģֻǾЩˡ
ŴһƬڵѾʲôҹɫĵ˵ʵ벻⼸꣬Ȼôˡ벻ҪЦҺ˼룬꼧ֻǣһֺܲԤУԤѾˣǹҵϿˣ»ͬƶ𣿡
꼧ش𣺡ƶʲѾ뿪ӦѾ˵ˣҪȥ𣿡
ڴǲκˡɯҡҡͷ
ȻŴŨصҹɫ૵˵ɹ̰ᡢִ֪磬ȵ̫ˡΪˣֻͬ¹Эչ鲻ʲôѽ𻢡ҿλƶҲʲôΪµĽɫȥ治֪


104 
һգɹȫϲġ
Ϊ¹˽һòźţָʱƶζɵģⲢҶλʲôƫͿʱ䣬ƶͲʺˡΪһ֮ҲҪΪҸġԣʹ̸һ̸Ļһеҵĸ󣻵ڶ˵һʵʵ飬һЩҶܽܡ
ЩɲЩй̫ҲԹûʺ͸߸һ
һóмץϸڵľɹǻشˡ̸Сһؼص㣬ʱ
żһЩĴɻ󣺡¹֮ǰôǿƣԸò𣿡
ʺܿ㱻ˡ
ֻ˶ã֮ǰڳǿƵ̬ȣΪ˸õ̸аɡǲòĻ̫һ漰֮ҪִˣֻԼλԲ˳ң󲻶࣬һҪָƶȣֻӴԺ΢ЩȨֻһܲھΪѰɣԣòҲϡˡ
ǣɹİõף
һ̻Ի͵ڴꤵй·һĻЦһ˻ϻҫ۵ķΣ衢ϷƣȲʤĵѾǰʼʤϲá
ͬһʱ䣬ƶȻһӦ˰ϣͬһ򵥵Ļ㱨
¹ƣذʹԴһţһ̾Ϣұϣôġ
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Ⲣ֪ͨ棬ζҪʲôжˡ
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ɹǻڻʤһ̣ǱŷŶ룡
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һȺؽȦеͶ·޿ӣֻܱһһקɱ
һ˹ڵϣ޺ţ񰡣Ⱦǰɡ
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׼뿪ˣȥţƲ¿˿ҸֵĹ
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뵽ϣ͵һϣװʮӣƵĿأָʹش󺰣ţ쿪ţĴҵˣڿŷҳȥҾͰ˵˵飡


105 
ֻһС˽׵ĹŴ򿪡
׵˳ȥȴδ翴ǰͷͬʿǡϣŸۡĺȥ
˼룬ŵ׷һ׷һߴſǻغˣˣȥģǰͷѽ
죬ɵӣƭģ
׻ͷǳһңңһǰͷֻܶҽŲͲҽӣֲѣֻΣգԣζԸȥˡ
Ҳûȥİǿ޿ĿأæתͷźڰƫƧĽܡ
һʱûκΣֻܵײײ׷
ʱֵԽԽ
˺ϸѣͷˣͳͳɱ⣬ڣ
һ
ûõĿؾȻһֱŵ̱ڵأһ̲һ㣬վվˡ
׻תקΣק
Ҳ˲ˣٵĵطһ·궴ǽ
м־˺ЩΣʱ̣ȫǺżѵ˳ȥ
ɼףһסˡ
ŵҪΪҪˣȴһϲŮ·˹ˣ𣿡
ͬʱԼĪǿ쵽ʱ򡭡
˹˿޿ؽ˹
¹ͬƶ߻׮ƻţﻹ˯žԸպţԾͽӼ
˭֪Ůһһ˹£벻Ҫɱѽ
¹Ȼɱ
ɵʣôʲôɱ𣿡
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ȴԭЩɹǸµʱ򣬺ĲΨ²ҵȥһš
λ˴ҲָЩɹܰ¸λ¡ҵ鷳Ķ˼϶еġ
ǣҲͬЩɹһЩᡣ
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ԵʣûնɱȴҲֱץߣĿǰ״̬֪ˡ
¹ЩжԺŸԼµΪʮջǲġ
תһ룬־ãۺʲôչҳԱûҵֵõȥңһԵǾɹǣºͬȷʵǣڼƻ⣬ôȥץأ
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ڣǸĺǰðǮͳͳƭȥ
ԣڱץ֮ǰ
λ޳ܵĹ˾˸һд[ңЩǮͬһ˰]Сֽ
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ʱѹ֪Ȳ֪αץģҲ֪ƶǱߵ׸ʲô˸û취һ϶Ĵ𸴡
ƫƫЩҲͬ˹˵ġˣֻüûʡɫȻ˵һЩ׻㲻Ҫ泯ˣˣԺ˭ˣԼķҸǰһޡһȻҾǵ⳯û𣿡
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֪Լʲſڲԣ˵̫ˣ˼ŭˣһʱ־ޱȣֳӱʵ͵۷ףһ˹ȥ
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ǸɵŮѾˡ
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º͵ʣѰʲô𣿡
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֮ǰȵһʱһӹŮȥˡûģôó飬ô˺Щ֪ﵽʲô˼
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û뵽ײղһĻٽҪɱ˹ˡ
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һ޶ˣ
ԣ˶٣ʱ˸⣺ͷƺЩء
¹һʱ֪ôش
һһ¶߳΢ЦĿҲ´עذοһ䣺£ҲȥͷЩ飬ܿͽˡ
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ԼʮңյϢЩľɹͳͳˣ
ͬʱкЩҲһˡͬɹǹᡯҲˡ
Щ˻ƶУͬƶһЩϵĳͻ
ΪйͬΪĻֵҹǱҲһ졣


106 
¹ϲӼ
ΪЩǴֻԸģһ鷳
ñȵĵˣÿÿԼվڹǰҪֱֻ֣˸ߵļ
ôһۿȥ
ʣ˭תأ
Զ⣬иǷǡ
Щ֮Զ֩һĸϵʱʱҪŹȥʩĳݣ˴˼仹˵ǷǺڰ׵ìܣҪʱŹΪþ
֣Ͳʲô¹ǲʤ䷳
룺˭ʹЩɺ޿ɷյԶңǿɾ̫ˡ
ڡ
óԸ
ƶûе־һرϹϾӴˣԸΪǽѡ´ʲôùܣֻһ֣ϵЩͳͳ¾ܷģһе񶼴
¹Щòƹ˳ĻĬĬˣƺһοģҲصҰġ
ǵļ΢΢ŤŽײеŭ𣬿ɹǵǰƣֻ̣طһ仰ô˵ҷллˣ
ƶ̧ͷһûʲôֳһЦ
ƺζʲôһ㣬΢΢һЦֹûʵػŻ¹ҲлⱾǳӦġ
¹۾ð
׺˵Э˵Ǹһֽ񶾵䣺ѽѽƶҹһһҳֻӻֻϣʼһرȥ
ƶΪһЦֳŹһҲٹܶԷǸʲô˼ˣתʹҡڵ뿪ˡ
¹ˣ뽫ϵıͳͳҵȥȴ־ľٶܿŭסˣֻسƶȥķ˿˼䡣
ͬʱҹǳҵɱ¾ǿȴǸ֪ʲôԵʣ¾ͬƶ˵ȲˡϢʹýײ˲֪Σպܿһص
ǣ¶ģҪ뿪Ƿ֮ˣǮȥӶһִҴҽһЩǮʰһţ㲻ٳɵ׼ˡ
ڶǰֹ֮ǰӪȵ壬ԥһ£Ƕһ䣺Ҫͬһ𣿡
ȾȵŴ죬ܲغߣΪʲôҪߣ磬ʲôطǺأ
֪СûܹȦխֻȫ磬ͬͣ˵绹ܴ˵ԼҪ뿪ˣ뿪ԭ򣬲ǺòãΪٰܲȫ
ȻϡͿȫ˵Щľɹ𣿿ɱͬƶ˲Ѿ𣿴ˣˡ
ʮϵ˵ӣΪеģǶҪ⵽ġԣһὫЩаͳͳܡ
һŵĻͷ۵Ҫһʱ䣬Ƿգʵ֪ôͬ˵ס
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ǲܣԹԵһ֮ƺ̫塣
˼ȥϵı鲻Щüˡ
ճôյӣ̲סΪǽѣȴʵŪڷʲôֻøԼ⣬ȥ²ʣˣ²ľȷʵﲻܣпԵġ
ȻȥǸˡ
ԼĪϲ¶˻Ȼɫһ֣֪ˣµʱ˵ֲֲѽˣǲġ
׿϶ƭֻܺε
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һС˵ңʲôպˣҾȥͬͣһֱһֱţֱͬعںáǹϲأֻҪôˣÿֶͬ°˵ûǻҵġ
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ȱŭɫһãһʱȴ˵ʲô
鸴ӣȸмԼһƬ꣬޴֪ЩԭҲùʵˣֻñԼӣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣֻ˵պǻԽԽյġʹŵùңҲٻعˡȱһ˶ģվͬһ˰ɡ
ȷ˼ؿˣ˵ʲôλѽĪ˵ʲôҪߣѵʲôķӣľλĽǮЩǡδã²𣿡
׸ɴػش𣺡ѽûҪˡ
ֲһ䣺ʵЩҲҡ
ˣ
Ҳ
ûУô뿪ˣҪԺΪأ
ףðɣҿЦģģһ߾ܵչġ
Ȼ
ãƺ뵽ʲôڴ̧ͷССһ䣺Ȣ𣿡
Ȼ
ȻǴûܵġ
˶˼롣
ȺױȵıϿ˴𰸣֪ˣԭԷԼ˽һʱϲת㲻Ը⡣
ײҲԸڸƭΪֻĬˡ
ĵҪһø첲Ĩᣬһ߾Ҫܡ
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꣬ű˳ȥ
վԭؿһһ󣬶ʻߵķǳģǿġ
Ҳã
ؿοԼƵǾ԰ȫأǾΣգҲ뿪Σء
Щ뷨һûС
ֻץʱ뿪ˣȴû߳ɡˣ


107 
Һ͹ǹĶʱսԽݣһ·ǹ
±ʽ㱨˶һΪǾܷ顣
ʵˡ
еĹΪ˵սľ׷׻̻̲ʣЩôÿһ̶ӮǵطϵפأõҪأΪʲôס
Щûд𰸡
Щûôǿ󣻻յʤٶҲô졭
ֻ˵һҪ·ʱʻϱˣȥһšע
߸ʵĵطԱʲôս
ڵ֪ʱ򣬾ȻŸսĹԱǴλԼѽҪԸֻһЩ޳ܡһǴһļǣҪô֣ҿ򲻿ʧͳѹûҪԴġ
ǣһսˣһսˡ
һžȻöˣ
󲻵Ļ棬һһ֡
ͬæȨӱ˴Ϊĵˣȴ˷
ʱ¹ûȫܿգƿسϣѾ˳С
˷ЩϢֻޱضλϣһԲ
ûľɹæңѹû·ϡ
ԾƻƶһЩȴﰵصļƻûܸעֻ򶨵ģȷʵʼδ飬һȺʶǳũչɲʲô򡣡
֮ƶ飬ǲӹȥѹ
ɳȥĶֻĸ
Ϊʣµ֧黹б;
Ҳѹȴ߳ףĻתǣЭƶǰἰһɱ¾ɹͬһЩɱ˸ɸɾˡ
ڳ֧顣
ǹƶڵʱΪһܻܷġ
ΪǲҴõľӣװѵء
һפΧʿܺãǹҲϮСӣһЩʹ˺ܶǮͽģĿһܹá;λĻᡣ
Ŀġ
ÿյҪжеʱЩ˻ǰͷ
ǴŶƯոƷͦأǳÿÿؽ߹Χۡ
ʱ˶ҪΪ̾ͻģ϶һ֧սǿ׳ľӡ
ȻƹĶʵǸӻɱһɱЩûľɹȻûģս
ЩʿǶǳ󣬵ʲôս£ճѵ޷ѧôƻԵԼÿ˵Ǿӣ˵̶ӡ
ǽĹĥǴС֮УͨԺ֣óÿһĳϷԺʶйƳӣ
˳սʱ򡭡
Щʿʮڳſڰڳоļƣֶļ£һҡž죬һ̧ͦͷسԶн
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͢ڽӵһ̵ı棬˵ǲӱˡ
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ƶӵһѪҪ
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ʱ򣬶̶һʱҪмҥʳ¯
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ʱ˶ܱۡ
Ϊһɱ¾Ķǣǵɱˡ֣㹻ʶϲ㵽׻Ƴʲôӣ⣬֮ǰжβΣƲƬƬߵأÿ춼ͷˣļĺߡ
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һǮ˲ȥʲôԲߺͰ취ֻ߷ȻرԹһȺ췴ũһ·ֱǣ治֪Щһ쵽æʲô
ͬʱһ߱Թһ߱˭ش׼ĵطΪҪΪһҳˣһ˽ֻȡȴӲȥôرˣζԸڴϣ봬ġ
źǡҲȥˣ
һ֧סгţгԱסֱϵ˹㳡ϡ
ƶǿҲ⳯ټĴˡ
θٵʱ̫٣ǰһ̲ŽܿգֽһϵвĹԱɱ˸ɸɾһ̾ҪٷϮԱ˴룬ʱЩ¹Աһʱ֣þ߶̱У нֹı£Ҳʩչġ
ΣܹҪֿһ
ȻûʲôˣǾ
ǣڼ쳹ȫǣйҡ߰ŷҵ졣
Щ죬ʿʼؽִ󺰣ྲྲˣ˶Ҫﱨξ
Ȼǵǲʲôս
ǱҲʲôսʿ׷׿źŵӱܱۡ
ǮĸͼǮ֡
һΣǮҲˡ
Ϊ˵ֿڵųõЩǺ޲ýˡҲŹͳͳ֮УţһǣΪҡҡ׹


108 
ҲҪ裬ҲҪս
һ־ۿţһҲҪȥѾ̣ҲҪȥǻɱ˵ģ˵ĶƤ˵ӣ
ǲȥСӣھҪĶƤأ
ǰĸһ߶вţһקĸ첲˳ȥ
Ǻӵƴ赲߿ޱߺɣˣˣ⺢Ӳʮ꣬²ŵʮ갡
ǡɿһĻĳ򣬱ŵúϲ£죬˵ѽҵ죡ƣƣˣѽ
ķĽףΪǣ³ȥ¶⻰͸һ۳ǱľϱֳһͬȴΪʹ̲סһ䣺ˣҿǽ˶أ
ʱ򣬺ЩҲһ㣬ͬؿһĻûʲôʵ߶ҿ
ʱѾʮֶӡ
ǿ϶ǳȥ˵ģ͢ǲΪʲôġ
ڹ
׶ԼǸðûʲôģֳô£¶ˡ
ЩԵʣ˼ȥ㽫˷ϣΪҸǾǮָдô£Ǻϸð뷨ӣҸûΣյĵطҡ
˵뷨ЩЮͼ˼
ɽϱͲʲôסֱĴˣڲ˺˵ǰ£ƣһˣǲΪ˸еεġ
ǣ¶ģԸȸϵһƫƧͬͬˣȻ󣬲Ŷһ˳ŷԱһַȥ
ͬʱС
ƶܿյ¹вľʹ˳ͼͬеȥһЩԼĸ֮ٽЩĸ¶شȨ
Ȼƶƽ￴źܵ͵ʵʵϣ涯ֵʱȴʮĺ
ɨɹһҹնݳɱ˸ʹ졪ҲԷϮ˿õһҪԭ򡪡Ҳˣ˶ɱˣҵվԼߣЭԼİ֡
Ϊˣ¹Ѿ˼ֻ뵽һˣΪá
˲Ǳˣڹǰʧ˺ܾãȥͶƶϰ
ƶʵûϰԼˡ
˺ôйͶ˼˱ȽϷϡûʲôвҲ
ԣҲȷϰǷɿ
ûʲôõѡ񣬱Ҫһԡ
ôأ
ʱܵ״Ŀȸպ÷
ƭ赭дȥһС񡪡ͷŸϰ
֪вվ
ֻĺƶʱܻᷭϰʲôˡ
ǶԣһССŮϷӼֱ׾١
һ֪ȥˡ
ѹ֪ΣգֻԼǸͨʹ
˵ǣƶæڴ飬˵ɱһͨΪһʲôʵͷβҲû̫ע⣬ʹÿ˳˳س˹
ҵǣϰһǽͷݣı߸ǿıߵԣյԮźֱ˺ţֽȸѺ
ˣ¹ȼ죬ûʲôѶ󣬱㲻ָϰˡ
ɯۼˣͽװɫϻڵĺͽǵʣ£ǽôѽ
ظһҵ΢Ц
ĩˣų̾һǸװģҲ֪أЩҳǵܴ󡢺ܴ󡭡ǾԽҶͳͳռ˵ģҲ赲˵ģ
һͷŷһڳԱԷñӵäĿѾˡ±¶Ҳ÷ñʦҲǡĳ̶ȡ
ԣ֪鱨֪ݺŵĽף˳Ҷ˵ط
ǵñӵ̫󡭡
ҽʱֻ˵˽
û뵽ǡ
˵Լǣȥȫطʵ뷨
ЩԱǾͷ׷¶һĨȻɫ
Уһλĸߵ˻Ⱥ˳ɫأǻɵʣǴĵ֪Ϣô֪ҪȥȽأ
סˡ
Ƚꣿ
ʲôꣿ
ô˺ü룬Ż֮ǰǶʮꡯһʱӶʺţҪЩꡯ
Ǹվͬ˵ˣɫӺˣ㲻Ϣ𣿷ʲΪʲôᵽأ
æͣˣҾǽꡭ
˲ɴĻǶʮҲôԳƵġ
˺һ
ֱ׽ʾ֭һЩñȡʱõʲôӵֽ֤ݣ֤Լݺ󡭡
ͲòһƵľ桪ȻĽ꣬ǸҪǣһȥЩΪ㶥Ķʮˣ
Ǿôȥأ
ںңǱ߷Ҳû֮ǰϸ취ȥˡ
ԣƻç
۾Щֱˣ̲ס̾һ
Ȼһֻ֧ͷӢ¶·𲻿ظӣǼҸ˵ʲôأ˾һֻ𣿡


109 
һӣֵؼֱڹڡ
ֻչЩ˵սľ
ƽһûͷӬһų·ǲȥСֻɷץ׳Ƶȥξ
΢еǮƺȨƵˣֻŸϿܣɷܲˣҪߵȥ飬ʱ͢£ʱֺ
⣬ǿС͵ŻҲ׷ûҡ
߰ı£յһݽ룬ƺҲΪˣ
ʱȻû⵹ùг׶䣬һڣԶ˽ĵزԣէҪȥʱһӦҪܾģתһ룺ǾܾˣȫȥˣȥأѵҪ·
ôҵһ˳ţȷʵãˣ
Լ߶ʹõĻžͱץ߼׾ͱǿҲǼпܷ飡
ˣǻһȥô˶ڡ
ߡͷѾңָ˽ޱɣΪǱߵĿû׼ҲƲ·ˣ
΢С˼ľΪ֮һ۾ּסλԱ֣ͻȻͰڳӻԾ̬ȣûǸýзḻԽ飬ϲˣһȥһȥˣȡκһѣԣرѽ
ûôѸٵˣЩפǵķԱǣ
Ȼ
νнˡ
ΪİȫٲҪ̽һ£ٲֲ߻һˡ
һ̽㷢֣ЩפǵķԱҲҪһζçȥ
ЩʵҲżƻģ׼ǰǻҵʱһ鱨̽飬ԣλãп°ʱһļϢ̽ˡ
ˣҪֵĻ
Щ˺ŵظ֪ף˵аٷְٵʤ㣬ҲŰٷ֮ʮʤˡ
װŰɡ
ִһ²ⳡ˵ʮ˵ʱ򣬲ɳһôôˣ
Ǹͷķܽػش𣺡Ѿܶˡ㲻֪ǻһϣܰôˣҲҲõˣ˱ˣ˵ʮˣǴء
ðɡ
ײô˼óļܣֻٴβ²⣺ʮطǳóսɣҪȻôȥٶʮ˵أ
ǵȻĺúӡ
˵һǵսֻЩ棬ǵսʲôΡô˵ɣƩһܴ򼸸أҲһа٣ʵһʮҲͦġ
ѣ²
Ƿ˷˼ؿһʮˣﲻսƣʲô
˾ǰٷ֮ʮʤʲ̫УЩ·
ܵĵʹǾΪŬһĥţȻ٣Ǿ͸ɴȥһЩæܹ͢Ȼ˲ξ䵱ڻˣҵĻӦҲԺٴеİɣ
ͬʱҺ͹ǻڿᡣ
¹ʱѱܿˣԱۣλϣһ䵭
ƶûʲô־̬ŽڵƶԵЩüչ
ѽ⳯͢ԼˣΪ̸ֹ֮䶼һͷּһóαװξװ÷ǳڳʿѯӵĿֹҶԣѰһܽǰΣֵķӡ
ĳѾϴˡ
ǰͷôпɱ¾ողŹȥٻЩ£ԣƶװöôҲҷɾ裬׷ֻЦС
ƶֶ֪ǳη壬չ黹мֵ⣬ҪŷϾҪˣʱ仹ֵʱˡ
˼ٲ֣˽һմǰʿ
ʿСּͥ˴仹Ҹʵǵƽһεļͥ
ԣһνһվڳϣҲǵһվڹͺЩĹǰ
һʱŵ˫ȶЩˣһֱͷ۾̧һ¡
ƶһļҳʣʿ֮ǰǲӪۣ
ʿССش𣺡شˣǡûңڲӪĵ߶ӡ
۶ˣ
һһꡣ
һս
ǣǵġ
ˣȵƶɡ
ƶʵ̫ţݸһʢѾƵľƱְ˵躦¡ֻҪʵʵ˵㲻
ʿ߶µؽӹƱͷһ
֮Ǿ˵ãôɫÿһûô԰ˡ
ƶúͰ׵ƣҾ˵ûʲôµ֪ǸմǰģȻ˸̣ôҲΪҳġԣҪʲô˲طҪͷ㡣
ʵκһ˵ЩѾеϢҲΪմǰ߻Ƚ˽飬ϸһǰߵս¡ϾǱ£ҺǣΪʲôǵľǿ׳װȴܵôң
ǣСʿ
ȻôʺϽ£ԴһһۣɰͰֵζĵ˯š
ƶʼն档
ңܻҶԷеĹؼʱʱͻͻأһ䡣
ȵȣո˵ǵһȥֻӵͣ
ǵģˡ
ǸҲ̫óо̣ĿĵءճѵӪ޽һЩʲôôʱȥԣѵǵɳһСӣרŸҸӲ𣿡
ǣǵɳһСӣǴҶȥ˵ġ¡˵ֻһȺʲôũûҪô档
ƶõģ
ʿĿİؼȥ
Ӻ󣬲˲ٴطʣʲôͬŮˣһǸʲô˼
Ǵȥ˯һŮˡ
ҲףŮģо̻Ů𣿡
ģŮǸһƽ񡭡
Ǻרܹģ
ǣǡҹ·ǡ·ʱ򣬱ǸƼˣȻ󡭡ȻĶм˽飬ģйҲҵӡ
ҵӣ
ǽǹ·Ȼٰȡ
ˣҶˣϸֻǡǽôţܵ𣿡
Ǵͷġ

ôһһ𣬳ѻȸ
ʱ϶ŭܿյĹĮϣֳһǻߺޡ
һ᲻˸߹ĵ±׼벻ǺЩʿŮ˵£ǺæŮˣȴսԼϵְ
෴ǵķ߿ȡ
ʿ״̬
Ľ֮ǰܶ࣬ƺ˵ҲûôСˡ
һǳӡ̡ȫûĲҰܡû޽κη£վڵ˶ôģҾۼһֻ֣ԣûȥģ¶۲ͣ⡢žơŸ衢ŮˡȫԼһ㣬ֻγһģһЩλЩͷũǷ
Ȼˡ
ȻҹϮ鿪ʼɱ¾Ѫһʿ˯ģкһ㱻ɱˣ
Ⱥûʶũڽ˿󣬻Ҫס·ѥͳͳߣˣǵĵüǧѵˣʣµʬ򱻶ѵСɽһߡ
ʿʱѾȫڻˣԹԵţұҲñɱģеһ쵼ȴɱңһҸ߹
˵ʿ͵زһ¡
ƺʱڻعʶԼվģɵһ˫ãȻܣǵӵزټ˵ȥˡ
ʱƶɫǺܲÿģҲ£˵ɣ㴫ʲôţʿ
ʿԥԥţشˣһЩõĻ
ƶٴظ˵ɣǰ߹㣬
ʿµغһһǲ˵أˡЩʵڲ̫á
¹̲סˡ
ѱܿգȴˣΪԼʱʧֻʱģȨ
ԣƶҳӣǷıԣǸǧ顢Ĵڣ
񡭡
ıȻҽԼ·ҪͬԼƽƽһ㣡
д
һӦŵļҲվͬ˵ˣ
Ծܵ裬ֱվַŭغȵ˵ģ˵ʲôҶԹ壬
ʿҺ͹֮ľȻҲͲ֪λѾûʲôȨˡ
е˼ά֪ȫȨƵˡ
ˣּڹת𷴿λͷĻˣ˵
ɾǣǾͷЩͳͳ
ҲǵУֻһ޴ɵ˼ֻǵѹեͬһȺ˵ţ»˵ˣҲֻũͷɻ
ڣҪ˵ţٱѹˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǽźܶ˵ǿƹҲϣڻɿġ
ֱۣغţһѰɣλƭԼˣ͹Ϊ棬Ѿ׷ˣֿҪ޹սǳһŵܣΪӸʱ䣬÷ߡ
·˹ˣ𣿡
ƹϰ̲סʣץȥսϵĴӴ˲ٹ𣿡
Цʲôʱܹѽ
˵ܣǻΪϹ࣬Ҳһ룬̵˱ץȥξҲûʱѵֻһԵսͣǲʲô
һʱƹﶼû˵ˣռΪѹ֡
׼˵ǵϴ˵Ļ𣿲ŸվôһߣҪǹԸҴӼлָӴ˱øΪˣ
Ҳ˵ԼˣȷʵΪ˳ԺŬǡ
еҪõһϢ
ɽ׵ɫȴԽֽٻ˵ͬһ·֮ǰǱɹץߣȥΪˣ˺ð˵ûǣûںġ
ƹȫɥ̲ס̾
ʱ򣬽ױٴθҪҪԼļѱǿս𣿡
ҪԼĸױֱƵڵأֻذ𣿡
ҪԼĶŮӴԺʧȥӴֹ𣿡
ڰˣѵֻ뵽ͣȴ벻Ҫȥı𣿡
Ǹ𣿡
ͬʱ
ʿ½½˵š
Ǳв
ôһλǵúΣӽ쿪ʼҪı䣬ǿȺ˵ҲҪˡ
ñʦ˵֮䱾ûֳʲôȼ˶Ӧƽȵġ
ñʦ˵ϲԼŵø߸ϣȴƴǴѹ͵͵ģˣǺһˡңǵǵҪö࣬ǼһҲǵҪô
һᱻǴ򵹣վԽߣԽأ
Ϊûʲôˣûʲôƶȣǿ֮ϵģ
ӵǿƹС
׻ɿȺţңǲЩĻ쵰ǼǵˣҲЩͿǼ뵱Ȼش£Щ߸ϵĴǣѾѹեùˣѪﶼҲեһѪɫڣǻҪǽ޴ս𣿡
⻰úЩͬС
ΪǿƹеԱṹӣֻͨƽ񣬻һЩҾԣ˺;λߵСǣԣײһζȥ˵ƽյѣȻֻΧƽھӺ˵ûֽ꣬Σ˵
ҺЩҾ㵽㣬һҲȷʵ˺ö˲
ԣһпţȻ׾ͼ˴ҵû˾ýװʲôģΪ˵
ټ֮ǰ
ױɹץʱҲרűݹһͨǹʵʱΪǰ¸ӡʹץԼ˲׶ɱҲԼ˹ھǰӦĸ֣ĵһ󱨹֮ģھƹ˶Ҫİ־ʿˣȥʵΪ˶һЩԼ¡
ǣ˼Ȳʡ
׳ȴٴθ߾֣ǴӲηսǲһ㱻ս
ΧӦǼѾб߲ξˡ
׵Ҫôңô𣿡
˶Ĩᣬ󺰣ǲͣ
ںˡ
ߺȣֻкǱж
Ƿ׷׸Ŵ󺰣жж
Уʿһһת˵ǰɣܶľӣǶὫ֮ܣ
ӽԺҺ͹ͷҲΪǴʲô෴ũȴǰһԨ
˶¶˾ɫ
ƶüͷƺҲϵľơ
¹ɫȻ԰׵ͬһˡ
УһԲֻеĿ־Ͳ
һƬž
˵϶һľšãȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
һһԼԼĳͻأ¸źĹǽҲңңش˽
¹ķңһǨŭʣͷôˣ
̴æȥ쿴
ԼĪӺ˻һͻ֣̿£ۼ˺öࡢöˣֺֽеģƺҪʵڲ֪Ҫʲô
ʲôۼڹ⣿¹ȻŭЩѵҲ췴𣿡
¡ʵСʿȻһ䣺Ҹողǣλͷͬ˵ⲻ췴һ


110 
ײԤϵһƹݽȴȫ񱩶
뷨ǶɿһЩˣЩ˻ңԼһȥٸ
ȻЩһͷķչٲһܿƵˡ
ʱôصߺļĺڲϱй壬ԼЩССĹѹȺ󡭡
ǵʵ͵˱ٱıԵڣִǿʵǡǡǽ˸ľϵǵ𻨣׵ݽǽЩеķŭ𻨸ȼˣٳһջһоƶȵܴ
һʼǸνֻ
ƹЩ˸Žһ߳ȥϽͷֳֹʯͷӰ˵Ĳɫࡣ
ΪʵǱĶĳ嶯֮٣ûʲôŵĻֻܿڽתȦ͸ظˡ
ȻΧ˴ڿҪͷЩǿץߵ˵ʱ򣬾Ϣؼ뵽νֶС
νֵĶǰţһ·ϣԽԽ˴ӴСӿԼͬվ˶鵱Уһǰߡ
龰һŵСϪĬĬػ˺ԽԽ࣬ջ۳󺣡
ԽԽ˲νֵĶҲԽԽӿ˳µʼٸ߽ףʼЩĻˡ
ʱӳˡ
һҫﾯȸϵġһ޼ɵƥȥ̤޹
һΣŭĿӡ
һﾯϰ߱ţһŭӱʱ
ģҲҪˣ
һŭţŲ˵ȥһͿϡ
һȺҲ˴󺰣һӵϣȺ鼤ߵػľӣҲѧʲӵӣȥȡ
Уʹ̤չв˶ڣܿͱƷڵأ
ϵﾯҲǱرץŹ
泹ʧء
ﾯӵ󺰣ǣǣͳͳǣ
ɺܿ죬ǾͱŭȺûʧȥ
ѹ̫ǣйƴЩճǣֶѵνǡк֯һƬͳͳȥɣȺ֣øͷͷƣûʯͷѽˣôңңҳԽ
ܽ꣬һͻᱬ
ԣװľǣ˷Ҳˡ
ʮ׼ȥķԱǱһչסˡ
ǽãȻִŵֵ̧̿ͷԥԥʣ⡭⣬ǻ𣿡
ɫصӿ˳޲õͷܡٸPڶңΣѽ
ˣ
ǵһ
ƴ취ͻȻһ㽫ĿʻķҼǵã֮ǰǺ˵˵ĴѾһ·ֱ룬ˣ
ǣû
ǸɴҲˣ취ѳŸ㿪ɣ

ʲôţӭѽȷռǣýֱǷ˳ͺˣ
û
ô¡
Щ˵϶ʱ¶Ȼϲõɫ
ѡȥţ
𰸺ʡ
ǵ˳ظϽףųŵķ
ֻǻʲôɼ
ͻȻ˵񾹽ˣ
ȴԭ
νֵĶΪҺ͹ǿ飬㳯ķȥȵǾۼڹſڣͿʼ󺰴еҪ
ΪȻǣ⵽͢ǵĴǳ⡣
ǣһŭ֮°Χ
ǷĺУԴŷͲ
ʱ¹һڳǻվھǽԶһ¥̨ϹŹ籼ںһĹ˳ɫ߶ɷס
ô硣
¹Щ񶼷ˣˣ
ƶҲٲ־ǿɵɫˡ
۾УŲʺ͹һŭصıңҲŷϾҪٳ£֮ǰ֡вȹԼΪӴ˶ȨļƻͳͳˣѵҵûΪ𣿡
ˣǽһӵġ
ɽǷŭǽļɵվţʼ׷ӿţͼȥ
͢ǻǾְصصֿţЩ񡯳
ʵ̫ˣҰһ׺ͷŭǲز
УɯϵعһǰĬĬţ񰡣ˡҰɣ
΢΢̧ͷŹķңңһۣ룺һжּ⡣
Ҳ
֮µķչһ⧲ȴ춯صɽ˶˹ЮǰУһ⣡
ʱûܱǺ侲
Ҳûȥֹһеķ
һ㹥ȨĹ
Һ͹ַ·ĩ٣̻̲صȴ˵Ĵá
ڣйʵµҪ룬͵͵رŹһɳȰ裬ִҪһСţȥ
Сſˡ
͵ӵĹ屻ɱˣ
󡭡
Ҳݡ
ⳡϷǱ¿Ѹѹ
ǳ
Ӵ󡢻ֺĹһ̱ˮйͨ
ǰ̵ֹɱ
ǵʬ屻ڵϣѪɫȾ˵ذ壬ֱܵȺؼ̤
еĹǲֻӴܡ
ɱ۵ŵѪĸںͷ׷ϡ
ƶ޳ܵ󵹸ꡣ
˫֣ߺǷˣҴûѹȹԸȥҹ
ͬƻϰüɱһƽ
ǸƽѪĨһαװȻ󣬻Ⱥ
ңΪ˲˴ݡ
ͬŸ߾
ɯûж
ĹŮ꼧һŮԼȴ¸վ޹ǰƽڵ񣺡λʹҪǾɱҰɣ벻Ҫǣ޹
ʶؾ𽣡
һȴĸ첲ذȥңñΪ񣬿Ϳ˵ȥɣ¡ڼƶԺԺΪӮ˵ء
ͬʱ¹ȴûĺ
Ϊ˱ƶȻ˴˹ǰ
ǣλ㱻˴֮קǱرһȺ񡯸ùڵء
ͷڵڳ֮Уû͹ʣֻͽһ㱻廨ȴС
λ½ޱɽϦĿɨĿ
Ȼÿʱٰܻ͢һᣬһ֣Ӱｻһɫ˻ͬӢЯ̤أһ衭
Ȼһжȥˡ
ڲԶĺ˽Ե̫󣬼ɴصԼͣܵ㹻ˣں뱲ӳһ࣡
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