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ԶԡЦᵽҵգõŶˣڳϵĶȼٴͬѧۻᣬҲһɡ
˵ţôİƬض֯ģһֱûϵ㣬û뵽ˡͬѧۻһ϶Ҳһɡ
˵ţõ˵ָҲаء
ӹƬһۣƬǺɫģ˽ߣƯõ̽Աдְ񣬶ȼٴ徭
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ŮԽ˵ԽعԨһƽʱǲЩͲҪǣʵ̫˧ˡϵĲƾ־ñС־ߣɼǶ˧
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Ů˵ŵʱ򣬾һŮ𻨳Ͻߵ˾ߡߵʱ¥ĵšһӦ
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˵ƾ־ϵĳعԨһٷֵĻǻվǰĳعԨжٷ֡ŮSHOôֵǣûκһǵгعԨ˴ô𺳡
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2 
ŮҲ˳عԨߡعԨôʣЩп಻
ں¼ѼƼ࣬ȷʵǴһ˵ĽǶȥģȫ˳عԨˡ˵عԨϲľȥᣬڸ϶źܸߵҪġ
Ȼظ˳عԨ⣬漴ǸǲĸʦǸʦסԺŵʦʱġͣ
عԨ
ͳƽһʱʲôС̧ͷ۲ųعԨɫɫûʲô仯
˵֮󣬾ջߣ˽һ䡣
ȥ
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Ǵ¼Ѽѹģʦһټҵļ۸ȻͬնԭSHOĳǧΪֲԶ⽱ǧ顣
찡ϵʱһǲСİݵ˲
ݳһͷ΢Ÿ˺¼ѼϢҸתǧǮȥȻȳģǺ¼ѼѸģǧͲľͺýһˡ
¼ѼûҪԭæӦõǮġ˵ˣǧ˵治ʲô˵ͦҪġ¶ʵҲǶһֽӼá
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ûôǲǳ˧Ҫ˵ź飬Ǵ˼عԨ
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˵󣬵绰Ƕ˺¼Ѽû֪¼Ѽʲôͺ¼Ѽ֮Ҳûʲôģ
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Цŵ൯˰Сʱǽǧ顣
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ĸŮӵ꣬õԼķ䡣¶ȥԡҼ򵥳ϴһ¡ϴ󣬻ĸ׸ǰ׼õ˯ȹķ䡣
ֻһյСҹƣС˯㡣ƽи಻ƽĶӡСžƯСʹ
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Цһ£һʲô
Сű裬򢴦ף
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3 
պͺ¼Ѽص飬羹ȻԼˡһڿΣ˽
ߺܸߣòż⣬¡ķɫƫСɫˬʣϴһɵˬʿˮζ͵ĹABC
Լǵˣҹŷޥŷޥ÷ĸ硣˽Һ˽ļҳϣһЦ
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ԱŷޥĽﻹһۣصŷʦû¿Ρ
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һԽϤˣֱһŮ˳ԷǾʹһ˼΢ۣصͷŷʦ𣿡
㡣˵ϲ㣬㽻ѡ

صֱһʼϲزһ֮ԵҲ֪ôϲԾضԼһ飬ͬʱҲ侲һصͼ
ԣҽʡ
صͷǵģҲϲҵĻ
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ʵضһ飬Щ¡ǸԱŮˣҲǵ֪ԼƯҲ֪Ϊʲôϲ
ЩǺˡΪڶҲֻҪһͼҲûϲ˿ȽӴӴԡ
ػڵĻشͷʵĶԣ
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ŷޥüһ̧ʱͷϵףصĵޱܻ䣬عԭ
ҳԶٷ
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Ժ󣬷ˮλϿŲ˵صĵ
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ҲֻһȽͻˣķ涼ûʲô۵ĵط
ص֪ˡ̫̫ջشߣȷҲӦ

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ܡЦŽ͡
иĶӣ̫̫ʵ
Ц΢գ̧ۿ̫̫̫̫䵭ưĿϣ23꣬Ҳ˵19ʱ˺ӡкûҲ˵ּҷļͥǲҲŮ˼޽Ǽҵģġ
̫̫˵ƽĮ˵֮Լִ뿪˵һ䡣
ⷬӦø˵Ƕ˵
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κĸףӱڮٵ˱΢ʱƢõĶȥĻ̫̫ЩֲסˣŭЦ̵һ꺢ӣ֪ŮˣҶô׷㣿
ǾͲ֪ôˣϲŮˣȴܡܣȥĸڮϲŮˡҹȻҷ粻㣬ҲȥҵĶӡ
㡭̫̫ǰŮٶΣֱ̧ߵˮ׼˹ȥ
֪Ů֮˺ƱȻһ̫̫ˮʱҲѾֱߵˮֱ˹㿪ˡӭŹȥ
νˮ̫̫ˣˮܵӦñҪ˶ˣҲͲĴˡ
ˮֱ̫̫˹ȥҲؿ̫̫ˮˮ˹ҪӭǱˮʱǱˮȴһ˵סˡ
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ˣĴˡ
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4 
̫̫ûܹ˵衣ߵĲŵ壬ױݾ£һŮˮǱѿ
̫̫ŭڼй󣬴ﵽֵŭɶڷϺϵˮʱضźݻΪ鸶ۣʧҵAдȥ
źݻͬʱĿҲ۵ϣΪ˲̫̫Ŷ뿪˲
徻
Ŀһֱվŵϣû뿪عԨָߵûʲôֵģְæֵͦġû뵽Ǯ˻ĵġ
عԨò˵סˮڱˮʪЩܾһԽŵѯǷҪϴһװعԨ˵˾䡰áʶ뿪ˡ
عԨѲ˵˲ϣɴװ˵SHOôעӣóعԨҲЩһΣЩҵļ
ʶҡعԨͫɫûǹҹĻֱӵؿܰ˵ʶա
ԡSHOʦ
˵һ䣬عԨɫǲ֪ʶ⡣ͷǵģʶ
˵ԺҲعջߣϵһƬǽ壬ǳԲˡôعԨһˮλԳعԨлллİæ
˵΢΢ʾ⣬Ҫ뿪
عԨһԷ
׼ߵعͷ
عԨһǽĲûԡ
ԡͷһؼҳԾͺá
һ԰ɡعԨĲϰڷͣˡ
عԨԼѣûѾˣûжҪĻԺһԡ

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˵ųعԨĲλϡĲλضĲλţƸղ̫̫ĶԻҲ˸˾ŲʮԲųְæġ
ô˵ͦ˵ġȻصʹˣǾȻܺͳعԨһ͡ƷȻǸߵֺóԣĳعԨĿ
˲;ߣʼţųԷϰֻ죬һţţζȷʵ
SHOӽʲô֣
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˭дģعԨʵ
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֪˵ڶԷȥЩˣعԨҲ̧ͷ˹æ͵治֪ʮһ⣬ȻʧˣʲôǲãͼǵɡҲϣûйӵϡҲ֪˭дģҲ֪ʲô֡
󣬾Լ൱ûͣʧ鲢е˶ŵģⷬȥһܡ
ġƶؼ
ȻعԨֻٷԵ̫Ĭ˸Ķѣƺӽʲô˭дģʧ䣬Ҳܡ⣬һ⡣
кӣ
Ȼ̫̫ĶԻȻڹ˵ģҲʲô˽ͳعԨԵ֣Ҳ͵ΪֹˣҲûʲô
԰Цŵ
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Сš
աعԨ
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عԨ̧ͷ˹
ĲǷܣҲѣȻعԨ϶Ϊڷܺѡ̧ʳָüģϰ߶һ͵
Ϊʧ䣬ҰҲˡ
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극ŮʿؼʿƷ񣬵عԨҲֻǿһ¡ЦҡͷãԼȥͺá
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һǰڸߵţţźƣʿ˧ˡһӺȺӵĵڡ
ǿҵĶԱȣһѵѿ࣬ǸѿξʵżʵҲ̤ʵɰͦϲġ
ֻⳡעһˡ
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ȥˣʵ鷳̫̫вԺ˵ڶһɱС
ҾףҷãȻ˺˹ĵ顣ң˿֪˺ƣҲѡ˱Ƚķʽֱҵϰᡣ
̫̫Թ뱨εĻֱӸŷʦ˵һˡ˲˸̫̫ϵЦòֵ塣
ΪһеϰAев׼ƽʱҲûٲμһЩ̫̫ʲôġ̫̫ģʱŷޥ̫̫ܵġ̫̫ǿͻǰȻǲҵ
ǼұķŮʵģŮʮ꣬ҿԸٸȤҲٰࡣķҼʮ꣬ҵҵģܰĵطҿ϶̫̫
Ц޵̫ˡҪҪֱӸŷʦĿΣ
Сޥγ̫ˣϲۡҲȱǮϰҲʱ䣬λǲˡ̫̫˵󣬵иʦҿһ¡
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̫̫ӹͷиʦֺͽܣ̫̫ҲˣҪȻѡеġ
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УЩʦҪԼʦеƷ񲻶ˣеҲӰ졣̫̫
һϵЦݾʦʵ˵
ָ̫̫ϵ̧֣ͷǰСޥڱң˵ĺ
סˡ
Ű̫̫Աһţ΢ЦſŴ԰йǵʡ
̫̫ȻЦţҲЩԣ˶ҲЦҵȻǲֻʦƽʱʵʵģҾӦʲôᡣɣҰйҪ飬ô϶ҪȸǸġ
˵ţᲦ˵绰ǰ̨
ʦ
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ڣĿλûǼ´һ㲻ŸʦϿΡ
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˵ͽҵļҳѧһ£ȥ˴İ칫ҡ
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Žȥʱ򣬴İ칫Ҳ۵ףһۿڻɳϵ̫̫̫̫Ų豭ţǳŲ衣ĵƤû̧һ£ȫȻʶ
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˵꣬ῴ̫̫Цѯʵ˵ǰ̫̫
ڴ˵̧̫̫ͷưźƵ΢Ц
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̫̫˵һ䡣
Բ𡣡
ԲȻֻ֣̫̫ߵЦҲһЩЦ
ǳڱˣԲŻǸ

ʲô˼
̫̫ûдĻĲ豭ҲˣƷв˵ʦ㻹ʲôҽ

˼ʦΪûͷ顣ûҪǸҲûٵԵǸԷôߣҲš
̫̫˵꣬ỹûӦѾóֻҵ绰ֱӲ˵绰ȥ
ǰɣУĸѾӰҵ鷳һ¡


5 
ذСʱ󣬸ϵСһͬģŷޥʱ򣬴ڰ̫̫һԣ̫̫˵ʲôûٿ˵
صԺ󣬴˽⵽ȺǸŷޥдĸ뿪ˡ
ԭ˺һĸסˡ绰˵ԭͶʮΣû뵽ĸ׾Ȼɱϰ忪
һԣرǸΣԭϵ㣬ĸ׵ΪӰ쵽ҵˡ
֪ǸػǸΡһԵĴС㣬ĸײԣȶеǸĸ˵ĹʦһжʵģĸǱһ˵ϣҪʦʲô֡
УȻûʹҲ֪̫̫Ķӡô˵æУˡ⿪ͺˣҲʦдֵġ
ллصл꣬غ뿪˴İ칫ҡ
һͬ뿪˰칫ȡղдڣ˵˽¡ֻˣؿĸһкǸ
ʵϵ飬ҲأʱأҲǲ鷳صǸôϿңҲûʲô컹ĸһ¡
⶯˶ƺû˼˵һĴ׹˫ַ࣬εЦһ
ĸư챻ͥô裬϶Ϲȥû﷢飬ҴҲֻǺ˸Ҫ
ںϣȷʵΪ˼ǲ档ȰЦû£Ҫұô˵Ҳûȥ
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صĻЦЦҪĸ׵ģҶҪҿ϶
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ʼ磺ǲһ
˵꣬һЦؿǰЦŵŮˡ߹лӴܶŮԣû˻ΪܶǰŮһ顣磬ҲޡЦʱɳڣʶĶ
϶Ӱӡ󣬵ز
صЦ΢΢ؿ飬ĺܱǸ
̧ͷЦѾǣ˰
ΪûкԼǸص
׹̧ۿأûϵĸиܺõԼᡣ
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ܲز˼ڲ˿Ϸطסˡʹٹ㣬Ҳٿǡ
ظصСҡҳڵȴӸѧڿΡ
ڿ꣬Ѿ緹ʱ䡣ףҪţűһ£˽
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ɣûʲôŹߵƽǡ˵ֻǸʦ̫̫ȴһײˡеķչһĿȻ
عҲǸ̫̫ҲȰ˵á˭֪ʹ̫̫Խȥӻǽˡ
ΪߣҪ˵뷨˵ûʲô˵ġ
ڴ绰ʱҲ뵽һ㡣ĴʽǣõȥǱˡܾƾ̫̫ͱ򵥵ĴˣǴʹˣǱˡ
ⲻҵĴ
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˵꣬ʴ᣺ھߣ
侲ڴ֮ģһŮٻвίŭ֪Σǰˡ˵ĴƱػһĲõĲǽ⿪ֱ֡
⣬ԶǸĸʦҳԿ֮͡⣬Ǹ裬֮½еһСҲסǵϣͱˡ
áƽؽ飬ӼҳվĿΰɣζ໹ܶһЩʱѡ
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ῴһۣ֪Ҳʶеϰ壬ĻҿԽȥϰࡣ
򵥵ЦЦãлл㡣
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Ȼܱиȥ˱УͬѧõĿγпܻᱻܸУЩûʧȥԼȥ˵ĵز
ΣʰԼĶ뿪С
ĸ׻жһסĸ곤ףǿ֧ŵġʦȻֻǽ̻࣬Ϊѧ࣬滹Ƿǳɹ۵ġһڵ̫׽⣬ְҲǻȥ
ǲǳ֮ƣְĵ죬Ϳʼͬapp˹
һʼģƬʲôҲûֻҪĹдϾͿˡ˼ԺѼѩһط˳ȥ
ʣµģǵHRϵˡ
Ȼˣ㻻ʦʱɣҲۣҲԿڣҪ뻹ԡǰڲеʱ򣬺ĹʶܵࡣлֻǻеУҪǸߵȵ֣ǿɹۡ
ᵽУAеĸʦ֪A߶˵УֻһУûзֵꡣռĴõ㣬ӵʦ֮⣬еĸٶ𣬸߼γ̶ʩ̹ͨڿ⣬˽̣շѸ߰ʹˣһ
кͨеĹʱ׼Ҳһʦÿʱѣǰչù̶ʡ
ù̶һôǸʦڿκͿγǷֿģʦֻҪʦĹУҪΪκѧҳ
Ȼù̶ʣǹ̶ʸ߰ײĸʦһ¶飬һ͸ֲôǿıϣĸʦĶ
ĶĶԳعԨĶأعԨҲȢعԨԶòһԶòĹ
ô˵ǰѼҲͶһݡҪҪ¶ͶͶ¶ӼҲûǮ
Ͷʣµľǵȴˡ
ʵд֮ҲһôиʱСˡΪʵԵʣС׶԰Ժûô͹
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ѽѽ~СűסĴȣ˺üվ壬ŶӵСԴЦŵÿ𣿡
ġСҲЦ
Сһ꣬ðװۣ˧ֿɰЦʱǺÿСţ;õʱԼӦǱֵֵ²ġ
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̲ĸ̲ȥ˹㳡Ϣ׼ٻؼҡ
Сҹ㳡AĹģķܱ߼ʡеĹȺ壬ȫҲŵһġʹʱ䣬㳡ﶼ
ԣ￴عԨ֡
̲󣬺Сȥ¥СϲǸϹϢµʱ򣬿˲ԶװĵˡȻŴƣ˭һۿ뱻ӵŵĳعԨ
ȥʱƺ̧߿һۡںߵ˵ʲôרעࡣͷ
ֻǱôһۣͿʼұģعԨȻˣ
˵Ҳ̫Եˣô̲趼
ᵽ̲裬عܣ̲ݵСߣҵġ
Сŵͷһڣ۵̫ˡ
Уֻǡһ̲豭˵ҳģ𡣡
ȥСŵܣС̲豭ˣĸСͣ˶ܵĶɹȵ˶ӵ̲衣
ԺֱӺţˡƷСŵ̲裬һ䡣󣬲ŲӵĲԾعͷȥһ
ܡ۾΢ֱ壬ЦЦɡ
ղȷʵССһ£ܿ쳷ˣû뵽عԨȻר̹
عԨǸæֻ꣬ԼĺѣعԨ˵ͷһԵСϡ
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һСţЦŵͷ԰
˵ţСŵ塣
Сű̲豭ųعԨһá
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ΪعԨǿкģǼ򵥵شк󣬳عԨȴûҪ뿪ļ
Сź̲裬عԨһʱЩΡ󣬻ǳعԨȿ˿ڡ
Ǻȵʲô
̲衣æص˵عԨ̲ȤĴӦûкȹĹҵ̾ϴ˶һɡ
áعԨӦ
˵꣬ͽԱߡ

զҪĸ̲


6 
źһϢĳϡ
˵عԨ̲󣬳عԨˡ̲Ҳû뿪ľ͸ĸһϢƷ̲衣
ԭʱ⣬Ϊһİ˵ļ룬ЩͲȻм䣬飬ôջԾ
ҧܣһ̲ЦſߵĳعԨôȵù𣿡
عԨո̲裬ٱ΢ǣ͸ıʾѾ˺üڡĻعԨͷһۣ
úȡ
úȾͺãһȲߣЦ
Ծյ⣬عԨҲĻ⣬һ̲裬ʵϲȣ
԰ؿһۿȿյ̲裬ҾǲǷɶĶˣ첻Ⱦûš
˵ŵʱ򣬳عԨԽ˵ͷ̲Сš
Ժȣ
عԨ˵꣬ĸ뿴
Ӧͷһ۶ӣЦŵҲżȺȣ費ȣ˵Ӽ̫ࡣҵԭϻԣôءСҪೢЩ¶Ҳ̫Щʱ趼˵СŵĽ㣬һŸɡ
˵ţֲ̧һСŴߵ̲衣عԨĸĻĿСϡ
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׶԰عԨʡ
šаࡣ
㻹ǵôعԨʡ
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衣СŽһ
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عԨֵĸӣҲӳվСſò˵һټ
С˵ټͺһ뿪Ϣ
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Цʧ䣺ֻŵİ
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ŪСţûãСһĺͱ೤ȳƣ˯ͷŶӣĸġ
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˵ԼͦġSHOõǧĽ𣬺ǰ͡һкعԨõġ
عԨֱļ
лл㣡ؼ飡


7 
ŵ룬ϵС
ָ߶УԶǺģԺ˳ƺ󣬾Ϣˡ
ֻļһλʦǹԵľһϢҡ˸λ££߾͹һˣ̧ͷһվߵŷޥ
ŷޥɫ˵ŷޥɫ˽֮ЩӲŷޥȿ˿ڡ
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ŷޥҲԵģԭڲҲֻΪ˶Լڶò࣬ҲһЩйˡ
һȹͷ˺ᣬഺƯ
԰ҪҷݹҺڡ
ƽŷޥƷ⻰˼ˡ򴽣һֱһ𣬺֪㱻ˡҶûúø𡣡
˵ŷޥʵߺȰ̡
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Ȱô㡭ŷޥ
û˵꣬ЦЦһжɵģ㲻ǰװ˰ɣ
˵꣬ŷޥɫµһס
û뵽ŷޥԭҪŷޥŷޥӦûû뵽ǵû㣬һЩŵһɵܴ
̫̫ȥʱʶʲôдˣҲΪ̫̫ȥ˰̫̫ô֪ڰģŷޥġŷޥΪʲô̫̫飬Ϊغһ
ϲֱӸҵġֲʲôʳŮˣңҿ϶ϲԼġ
ŷޥ˼ھӣŷޥǸġ
ŷޥĻĬĬҧס´ۿ΢΢죺ҵôϲأ
꣬Īض֪ϲοҰ
ŷޥǸܰŮϲĬĬҲˣһֱûô갮ãʹ࣬ҲܿҲ޹
˵ŷޥѾͷ֪ǲǿ˳Եģѯġ
ûٺŷޥλʵҲûҪ˵ʲôˣף˳ɡ
˵꣬뿪ŷޥԡ
뿪ŷޥ̧ۿŮ˵ıӰ΢΢򴽡
-
ⳡԴ浽磬ŷޥ뿪л˼ҡ
ŷޥסAоɳǵıA˾ۼסڸĴ󶼶ǮˣŷޥҲǰһԪˣҲǰǰ㸻С
֮󣬻ط˸СУȥ˸ڵؼҡؼҺǼھӣҶǶؼҵװԱҪûʵöࡣ
ؼҵʱ̫̫ڿɳϲ廨ŷޥ̫̫ЦŴк
Сޥˣ
ϴȥ˴ɰҴһֱˡŷޥ߹ȥ˵꿴һ̫̫Ĳ廨Ư
Ҳ̫̫̫佱һЦӹݹĺӷŵһԣŪŲ廨˵ȥˣô
ԡŷޥԵ̫࣬һԵϡ
̫̫ЦͲõˣҺеľ죬ʱкͺˡǼСޥҲп϶¼ġ
ŷޥ꣬мһЦлл̡
ллˡ̫̫ҴСģŮһȻġ
ŷޥһЦһԣʱ飬̫̫Ҫǰæҹҿ϶Բϡȥ˺ܶˣʦҲڡ
ŷޥһ䣬̫̫廨Ķһ٣˭
ʦŷޥ˵겹һǰһС
֪˭̫̫ϵĻõϡղĵղڣ̫̫ɫЩáϵˮ飬ЦһҲǵģȻ˶ýԡ
ʵʦҵͦǿġŷޥ
ҵǿƷ²ҲҪ̫̫
˵ţ̫̫Ѿȥ绰
˵̫̫꣬뿪˿
̫̫ȥ鷿Լֻеĵ绰ȥģAдССжϵ˵δػдôƴӣ˫Ǻ飬ӻҪġ
绰̫̫ܿͨȺо䣬ֱ⡣
˵һһŮ˵飬Ӧȥˡ
̫̫˵꣬оһ䣺˵ôˣ
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̫̫üĬҲ¼֪֪˽㣬¼ԻӰе
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̫̫Ҳ֪ʦʲôڣ˵ɣʦ鲻ҶģҲˡҿԶʼ˵ŷʦ飬ģ
о˼ȷܶŷޥ飬Ƕ顣
̫̫ǿ˸סˡ
-
꣬;ͽӵеĵ绰˽˹
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УԹ绰֪ͨ¼ˡŵ㣬б

˵֪ͨ󣬵绰Ƕû˶ȷһ䣺С㣬𣿡
Ӿϲлعڵڵġлл
еϲҲЦ˵һ䣺ϲ
ллЦЦ
ûʲôȹˣף졣
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ʣʻʲô飿
꣬ԥˣ˼һҽȥԵʱ򣬼˺ܶĸʦһ£ΪʲôҰ
¼ùȻˣӽӵ֪ͨʼˡȻ㹻ʵ͹飬ǰ·ңûʲôٷͷκͽжעظʦⷽ棬ΪҪƥеĿڱȻȥˣҲѾ˰ٷְٲ¼õĴˡû뵽Ȼ¼ˡ
⡭֪ԥһ¡
ԷԥЦһµû£Ҿʣˣлл㰡
㲻ǶµġϰԶµġϰиѣ£Ծ¼
ϰ¼ˡ
ϰѵֽʲô
ء


8 
лͨ
׶԰ſڣȴСŷѧΧǽӺӷѧļҳһۺ󣬲һ绰ȥ
绰ܿͨص˹
ˣ
ϴֲ̫̫кȻ˲ȣǶ˹ȥԺΪزʲôϵˡû뵽Ȼ˰Ĺô˵Ǹлл
Ҹսӵе¼֪ͨлл㡣
δϵ绰Ҳµʲô顣ڵлȴЦЦ㲻øҵлĹŪģٸһݡ
ô˵Ƿݺҵȫһһᵽʧ֪Ǹ
áҲû
˵꣬绰߶Ĭ
һڻѣ
Ȼѿԡ
ô˵ֻ̽ѣ
ǵġǸŮˣиģܸɴ֪࣬ԼʲôҲѺ˵Ĺϵյúг߶ȡ
һźЦЦðɡ
ʵأҲЩźϲܹĽҲһúôСţ˵Ǹܺõˡ
ϣ˭֪·ɱ˸̫̫衣
裡
ŵʱ׶԰ҲѾѧˣСųһӣ͵绰Ƕ˵صǸҶӷѧˣҵýؼңȹ˰
˵꣬Ҷ˵绰Сһ³˹
-
СŴ׶԰ܹſֱһѱסԭתȦ
СţұȥԵǼ¼ˣ
дְһֱڼҹ˵ȥϲˣǿܲᱻ¼ãСŻ͡ϢСҲ˷ϲģ̫ˣ
ȻģѶӷĵ̾˿ߣôõ飬̲ףһ£
δ䣬Сѵ˵ҪٷǺ̲ͣǵʳ

ȷʵϴ͵̲豻ԺСžͱٺ̲裬Ǳ־Ҫͣʳ̲ȻúȣʳҲó԰
뵽׶԰С
ƿףһ°ɡ
ĸȥСƿУ·ߵʯ£һһƿ׶԰ѧ߷壬ΧӺӵļҳǡ
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ţʶӡ
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ѾڶǷˣϴ٣٣޼ɵˡ㣬Сźĸ׷Ѿס꣬СŻڸ׶԰֪ײңԲһǷ⡣
ÿʱһ׷ӡ׷ӣСƣҲ˸ԼļҡAд𣬷Ķôġ
Ϊʲô˵ͻؼˣǷ¶ĸᶼûᡣ
Ų˵ġСŵ
ʣŻ˵ʲôˣ
ȥԱߵץץϰҪҪץİˡСŵ
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ϣĸ˵߲ϴۣСȥˣĸװڼҴɨⲻţԭ͵͵ȥҹ
һԴAԺһֱǮĸڼչСšдˣĸһֱ˵æҹĻáûʱСš
ǮһֱĸڹܣҲ֪жٻһAСŻ׶԰ɱͣӦҲû¶Ǯĸ˵ãҪżҹڼϢϢȴԼųȥ׬Ǯá
ˣȻĵףʵӵõĸˡ˳󣬾Ҫ˵Σʹ˶ӣȴҲԶĸ׵ıҵĻ
뵽ζӳ£סСŵúùǮźϺӡ
СĻҲ̫࣬һͺܺˡ
˶ӵĻһ𣬶ŶһڣЦѽҶĺùԡģһڻһֱһġ
ţ̣СŻ˼ҡĸѾĸ˵˱¼õϢĸ˿۵ؿοһ˵׬Ǯʱ򣬵׬һǮϢĸҲû˵ʲôˡ
Թһȥ˼ҸĹ԰õҪ㳡裬СȻ˼ҡյҸСϴ裬ͽӵõĵ绰
ͬѧۻ㻹ǵ𣿡

-
ǵˡ
Ӧȥμͬѧۻᣬ̰ͼʮɡдˣȻûˣͬѧۻҲȥˡ
ѾӦȥԵò̫áǵڶ죬ȥ˳ϵĶȼٴ塣
A꣬Aд󲿷ֵĵطתˣǺϡAУڸƬۼ˴Ƭĸ߶򳡣ֲлȼٴ塣ƽʱҲӴǮˣҲûʲô
ĸ߶˳߶˵ˡսȼٴһͿ˲ԶͣϴӳĳعԨ
عԨĴ࣬ټѾˡ
ԭֱߵģعԨ񿴵ˡ߽Щ˸к
ˣɡ
ɡعԨվڳǰ컯ױǴġعԨʵʲô
μӸͬѧۻᡣЦŵ˵ʵأ
Լ˸ѡعԨ

˼溮䣬Ҳʵûʲô˵ˡͷһ۶ȼٴլķ򣬶ԳعԨ߿쿪ʼˣҪûʲôȹȥˣף졣
˵꣬ͷعԨһЦعԨҲûͷá
ͳعԨֱջĿ⣬תլķȥˡıӰСԽԽԶֱʧլعԨջߡ


9 
ⳡͬѧۻܵģҶȼٴѿġ֪ҪͬѧۻᣬѶȼٴһ˳
ʱ򣬴ѾòˡҸ羫£ôһ졣
֮ǰ⿴˸ʱıҵգ¼סͬѧǵ֡һͬѧѣϵ˼ңЩˡ
ͬѧۻԺԼʵǶˡڸеԵʵһ㣬˴Ժ󣬸û˺˵ȫ͸care
ȻҲͷˡûҲðŸ˽ʧˡƻһŲڲǰԳԺȺȣֱýһ

ýԼͷЦߵߣ˼Ůͬѧ
ˡЦŻӦõк
󷽣ŮͬѧдЩȡߣĹ۳ʵôϵģ
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ڸֶŮٿεʱ򣬸պģǼйõ
йиŮͬѧʵʲô
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⻰˵꣬ͻ⣬Цŵ㱨ǾӢΣϰԸϿΡӢһʮأĶʸϰ
ʮ򣿡Ůͬѧǵעٿεļ۸˹ȥ˾̾üһһ깤ʶûʮ򡣡
⻹ֻǱٿءŮͬѧǮ
ʲôѽõֱۣЦŵõ˵ҪֶŮٿΣ˵ıѻ˵ءҲˣϾʮҲһǮ
˵꣬ЦĴһ£ֵĶô󣿡
ѽǫʲô˭֪ǮѽȹӻǴӷ˹أ۸ҲҪʮء
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ĸѣǮΪ㻨ǮǶŮ˵밡ŮͬѧǶĽ̾ãʹɣͷѡ㡣
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ŵ⣬߲֪ʲôʱһˡıֳڸ̨ϣЦš
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عͷ
ͬѧűҵϵͬѧʵ٧
гԼ֣٧ŷģҾ˵ôܰˣеʱ׷ء


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䵭Զ׼٧ûз𣿡
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٧˵Ա߼ѾЦ
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ɲǣ׹㣬ͲڽҶˡ


ͬѧǰ飬ЦǰϣʱԱǼŮͬѧҲˡǿͽҲ̲סЦ
ۿЩͬѧǣʲôˡ
бҵˣܸеУ԰衣һΪܣΪ٣Цøɵһ
Щû˼תҪߡû߿ͱ٧̧סˡ
һɡڿȫǿС鳤ǶӣȻò̫ҲиӰͦġ
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졣
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ᣬȴʮƣҶ죬һ°
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ٲȻһŮս񣬿ʼ޲𹥻û뵽Ȼֱ˻ίһºۿ
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ô˵Ҳ֮͡
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࣬ͳһ׼̧䵭ɨһۣת뿪˴
-
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󣬶عԨɰ豭תš豭ڰɫڣ֮عԨɫ
ҡҡͷ
ôһ𣿡֮ʡ
⻰ѳعԨסˣĿ뿪ϵɰ豭ת˲Ĵ⣬֮Ҫ˵ʱعԨλվ
Ȼᡣ
عԨĳ˵ת뿪˲
뿪ۻĴ󣬾ͳŶȼٴſˡ߹һСʱ˸סˡ

ͷ˳عԨվӣЦЦ
عԨߵߣ㲻ڲμͬѧۻô
վ˽ָЦøϳˡ
ָһ𣬳عԨͷһۣʵʲôˣ
ʵҲûʲô򵥵Ҹһͬѧһ𣬻˵ǸͬѧҴ´࣬ΪиӣҲ壬Ǿ˵ҿЦ˵Ұܻǵ£ȻߣҾˡ
򵥲һľѾסˡعԨס֣ߡ
عԨסһ£ȥ
ȥعԨ


10 
عԨʱѾֵúһˣû뵽عԨȻܿ
ȷʵ
˭ԶܱƽͣǱԴʱЩȴΪ⣬ű˵ľѰԼĿġ
ڶˣ٧˵ŸǶ飬ϢһôʧˣǶζĵĻ䡣
ھۻôͬѧûһ˵عԨعԨ˵Ҫȥ˵һͷѾ˴ˡ
˰ɡɿعԨŵ֣ͣ½ŲҶٿǣöġ
ųعԨܰѾȻˡҧһڣܲҧһڣʲôȻ˵ҧһȷʵͦ۵ġ
˵󣬾ͣﲻˣ۽ޣ۽۾ⰵ
㲻ÿǣȡعԨ
̧ͷ˳عԨ
ô˵ȻҪ˰ﵽˡ˵۸ˣҪ˵뿴ǣ˵ȡ
ʱҲӦ˹ͳعԨҲǼ֮Ե˶㲻ϣȻô
ллȵлʳعԨΪʲôôҰ
عԨ۽һ̧
ȴĻش𡣳عԨĬһиѣǰҲУ԰ܻæ
ԭˡ
ҪΪԭĻǻվסš
ӣǼҪæˡܸмҲԼȥӦǰţ뵽Ҹһȥɡ
˵ţһͬȥ˾ۻ
-
뿪󣬴»̸ָ֡Ц̣˿ûбղŵӰ졣
ƻһſڷͳعԨ˴عԨ˵ʲô󣬴Ҵ뿪ˡ
ʱ򣬴ۻͬѧҲͳعԨ
عԨˣĶĿĽ㡣úͼŮͬѧųعԨĿߵһ˹
ղԼҪߵģֻʲôվߣһ۳عԨ
ûöıЦһǴѻҳˡ
ѣǻǮ͵İɡ˵꣬٧Цһ󣬴һ۳عԨ԰Ǯһ찡
٧˵꣬ΧֵͬѧǺôЦ
԰Ǯһ죬Ҳһ
ûŮİҲ͸š
Ҫţǽαؾ


ֿʼˡ
ԼҲˣųعԨҲ˵ҪȥȴعԨסˡ
عԨֱĸ䣬˵պãعԨûҪǷѿࡣ
عԨţҲúȺ۳ЩûҪˡ
˾ڱһ𣬿Ӳ̫ǼٵġҵЦҲֻվҲػҲ˵֪Ҫʲô
ԽͬѧԽЩֻš
˵ʵȻͨͨ˲˽⣬ܿһ࿡ʳȣ̸²ףż򵥵ĺɫ㡣ڽ⿪ڽ⿪ڴۣžͼֵơ
･˻ţڣҲ̫šֻǮѣõҲǮҪͻҲûʲôµġ
ڴҿͳعԨС˵ʲôʱͬѧۻĴűһƿ˽Ϊ׵һʮҵˣҲǲףڴҲ²ʱѾ۴ϲؽһװģ
ýڶȼٴдͬѧṩ˸ķ񣬵ϯͬѧۻʱȴ˵̫鷳Ըڿ鷳ˣ͹ˡ￪Ķ㡣
ЦſߵߣҪ˵ͳعԨ顣ȴ˦ֱֱۣߵ˳عԨߣͷؽһ

һ
ǿعԨǳõԿû뵽ѶȻ𾴡ѾǸˣж
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󣬳عԨҪ
ڣʡ
š

عԨ仰Ϳʼж֯˶ȼٴˣʼĳԺöȣˡ
һʼǡ
ﰴճعԨķԸжʱͬѧѸٿʽӲǹͷģڵ֪Լƺǻٶȵͷ
ԱˣͬѧһǱʱͬѧиҲվ˳Ǹʱİ೤ȥϳɳأȰ
ҶͬѧͦĵģûҪôɡ
û˵عԨŰ೤ġղԼ
ղŵ飬һ˿ΡСĵؿ˳عԨһۣղžۻȷʵһЩᣬʵǸЦġ԰ɴң
೤˵꣬ͬѧǷ׷׵ͷ
ǸǸղŵȥ𣿡೤źϡ
೤˵꣬ͷӦ԰
û뵽Ӧôɣ೤˿úá˵꣬ͷͬѧǵͬѧǣǾ͸ղŵһǸɡ˵ǸͲˡ
೤˵ţͷЦҴͷǰ೤ղ鷢ʱûһʱֹҵĴԲԷһ
˵ţ೤ͷѾƺȸˡ
೤Ǹ˵ǸҲͲôˣҾžƱߣ½½ظ˵ŶԲΪ˱ʾ⣬ǰѾƶȹˡ
վһԣǵĵǸ۾Ц
ҵǸ೤˰ɣͣѼȻˣǴһ
һǸϲ
˵꣬عԨͷһۡ
ǡ೤һ±ɫղŲ˵ǵĵǸ𣿡
ЦҸղſЦѽ~
㣡೤ᡣ
ʼ磺ôֻǿЦҿЦ
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ղˣأҳĳصǸ˵ܣ˵ǿЦ
ⲻˣå
Ҫ˵Ů˰Զôƽϣ˾ҪŮ˴೤Ըٺ˵תͷͳعԨ㿴
عԨ
೤
عԨߣ͡һЦ˳
Сһôˣһ£ҲЩƢǸŭԡղ٧ԭŶһ²һ£ŴҸǸơû뵽βϾɱ
ôŶŹǣҲˡ
ְ̫٧Ŀɭͷϣʲôõģøˤòҡ
˵꣬٧عԨ֪֪иӰŮˣֵô
٧ʼźչչΪʦߣԸðաиӺ٧ûȤˡᣬжӵĶŮֵǮģҲ֪˿ʲô
ҵġعԨ
٧
عԨ˵꣬٧ͷ˳عԨعԨע٧ʵϲ
ԭס٧عԨôһ˵ţǱˮͷһϲ˵˵ʲôʱ׷ҶûӦ
ҲûӦˡعԨΪ䲻
عԨ٧ɫƽĲſԡ
٧


11 
ΪعԨƣ
һ䲻Ĳſԡһ仰٧Ϊĸ߹Ϩˣ٧˵ʱ䰵ˡ
عԨǮƣսƹˤ٧ǰϱѹס㣬º˻𡣿٧³ͬѧûٸ֨
ͬʱ￴˳عԨѪ̬ȣӿ˸ٶȣӣ˱ɾˡ
տյֻʣͳعԨعԨͷһʵô

ôܻڿˬ˺뵽Ⱥͬѧһ뿪ʱıǱ˵ڴ衣
ˡղųعԨӢ¼Ҳ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵عԨˣǾһֵġǸͰеˡ֮⣬٧ǰ׷Q˵жӲֵǮعԨĶӣ˵䲻
ɱİ
õĳޣعԨ̫ˡ
Ц
СҪ֪Ǯİְֵøˡ
˵꣬عԨͷһۡعԨߣ͵Ǹոա
֪عԨ
ЦЦʵжûǳعԨ˵СĶӡһ˻ͦⷽģعԨûУǸܺõˡ
أعԨʡ
һ¡ͷعԨĿ˫䣬Ҫ͸뷨
ղʵ⣬ش
ҪǮİְҲˡ
عԨ۽һ
ЦҲŮ
أЦţعԨû˵ʲô
Ц󣬻عͷԳعԨллæԶٷɡ
عԨ˵ѱУ԰裬ǲΪѣǰٷǸġ
ô˵عԨҲûͷӦʣá
ԼһԷʵʲôʱʱ䣿
عԨһ

ҲǣعԨǮƽʱһæ
뵽ӰóֽʣԼϵʽֽݸعԨҵϵʽʲôʱʱʲôʱϵҰɡ
ֽдֺĵ绰룬عԨ֣Ӧһá
عԨԼ˷˲Ҳˡһ뿪˾ۻĴ뿪ǰһһƬǽĴŽ췢飬ЦЦ
治֪ҵʱôᱻȺ۸ꡣ
ЩͬѧһһӲԸ٧˵еʱȫǺ޷׸֡ʧˣԸӦҲ仯ô
عԨ˵Ļǲĸͬѧ
ععԨʵʲô˼
۾ѯعԨͷӣκջߡ
ûʲô
Ŷ
-
Ӷȼٴĵڶ죬ȥб
ǸУŷֹȷ͹˾յǰ̨Ӵ
ߺеߴȥȺҡ˵ţͣЦһ䡣
绰֪ͨҵİɣ
ʱյеĵ绰˵¼ˡΪʲô¼ãҲ绰
ô˵Цˣ
ԡͷܺ
лл佱ĵصл
һһصغѹҲҪ󣬿ȥʮң㡣Ը飬ҲǳƯ
һţ˺ܿ쵽˵Ⱥҡ˵ȺſڣƿȺҵŶ컹һʦҿǺǰͬһУŷޥŷʦӦʶɣ
˵ŵĹѾ˵ȺҵšȺŷޥ棬ſڴ˵Ҳ̧ͷ˹
ŷޥλվ
ŷޥܹȣ̫̫ģȻ·ʦͦ׵ġ
ǵġ
˸ղſڵĶԻŷޥҲˣô˵ŷޥЦЦǰĸٽҾڸڡ
𣿡һǿԵְֿͬˡ
Եġŷޥ΢Ц
˵ŷޥ̧ͷ˸кʦá
áһǻӦк
ʦǰʶҲҪܺϤˡģȥǰ̨Ǳ߽һ¼ҳ
ŷޥһϰ࣬ûѧһȥѧͼҳǻһȺҡʱۻͼҳǼ򵥽һеĿγ̻ʦѡʦΡ
¶̣ʦҲ֪ûжͣ˵󣬾뿪˵Ⱥҡ
뿪ȺҺ󣬵ȺֻʣŷޥڲԶλãֻŹõס
ʦŷޥһ
ͷŷޥһۡ
ºŷޥͬ£ûͦϷԵġǴìܣ׽Ѿܡͬ£ϵòҪ֡
ŷޥеعͷʱȴһ¡ǹ˵һ䡣
ܸ˺ֳΪͬ¡

Ļû˵ʼ硣
óķܣŷޥҲЩΣĬһ֪֮䷢Щ죬ǸҺܱǸš
ŷޥһʱ䲻֪ʲôԵʱԹΪѾȻϲء
ϣԭҡŷޥ˵ƽ˵㲻ԭ£Ҳϣµܺúദ
ŷޥĿΪΣ̬ŵͣҲǵ˵ˣοͬ£ȷʵúúദ
á
ŷޥ۾һҪ˵ʲôȴˡ
ǳΪѾͲˡҲѡ


12 
ŷޥǸԴò̬˺ܴת䣬֪Ϊʲôŷޥ鷳Ҳʡġ
˵Ѻŷޥįջߡʱżҳѧ˵Ⱥҡ
գеһ߷壬һҳѧŷޥ⣬ֽһѧ̫ĸʦһΡ
ҳѧԺ󣬴Ҽ򵥴к۹ҳ˵һеһЩγ̡˵еĿγԺ󣬾ͽһλʦ
ŷǳϸĵȼƶȣʦһΪʦϾӢγ̵ģʦеȿγ̵ģʦһЩγ̣һЩѧȤ˿γ̵ȡ
ʦ
ʦȻ˵ȼͬһȼ֮ĸʦҲβ룬Ҳһľ־УľԲ㡣
㹻ľʵĽͳƺʵڹѵʦĽܺ󣬼ҳǺܿѡεĸʦģʣˡ
£˭ʣ¶ΡûСǱԸڼҳǸʦ뿪ߵλҳǰǿһҵΡ
ëԼɼΡǺѸıģλҳΡ
Ѿŷʦˡһҳί
ҲпõʦˣҲûʲô¶һҲûʲôһҳ
Ƕʮӡ˵꣬һ۵Ⱥĸ٣ЦЦҲǵȣһҵΣȥʦģ¶ԱȲǸãи٣ҿϿΡ
ӼҳĽǶȳܶΣжѡǺõġҾֻڵȺһζѡ
뵽ҳĶˣиҳ˵ͷԡ
ǸҳŮģСҲӣúܿɰЩƽӣЦеʲôѽ
С
СʦȥǱߺ𣿡
СЩӣһ裬˵ͷ֣ȥ˵Ⱥҵĸԡ
˸ԣСٵϡСߣСʦȵһô
С￴ŸٵͷЦһ£ָ˸ټϡ
Ǹͨƽˣڸǰָټһ̣ͲǸͨƽ
ָ޳ĵָ࣬ԾɫĸΪһ壬ɢһеĹԺͷâ
͸ٵԵֺǰǳ⣬˹ȥУΨûǸ١Ǹһ
ƽʱ߷ֵڸǰʮֵٸص˸ܲѧı仯á
õݹȻӳɣʵǳŵġ
ָټϷʱСеĹâҲŽĵУֻСȶӡ
һˣԭӵСﻶСȻûָͣټԶԾԾԣͷһЦ
ҪҪһټٵ
Ҫ~С￪ĵذָټϡ
ڵȺһκʣµζĸٽϵġ
ڸٽһΣҳѧ뿪ˣҲֻʣһˡٵһ۸ٽҡ
и߶˴ǮʦǵĸٽҲװ޵ܰʡ˸⣬䱸һɳһܣռҲܴ鷿
ãʸߣݹ
ŵʱֻͻȻùֻһʾ˽
ι
-
κĹͽˡ룬׼ʱ°࣬뿪ٽʱ̧ͷȲԶվŵء
شż򵥵T̿㣬ƤǱǰһЩ͸ЩȻȥʱҲֳ̧һ֣ˬһЦ¶һ׵ݡ
ˣ~
ս꣬ŷޥʹߵĸٽ˳ԭϲΪؽгֶʧʵ°ˣ
ԣҳ£ǰˡ˵꣬ЦЦþò
˵ŻʱѾߵߣô˵ʼȷʵþòô
ͦá
˺ضˣŷޥȥģһɣ
ض룬ŷޥ̧ۿء
ˡҽԼˡ
ļٵģźһ£㲻Ϊ˶ҹô˵İɣ
ûм·չҲҪչһԷȷʵЩΡô˵Цġڵͣء
ô˵Ȼ٣Ҳûֻ֣ðɣԺл˵ҵĳҲڵͣһɡ
ðӦһ˵ݡ
˵ݺزŷޥ̧סţԻûŷޥЦһµСޥ
ŷޥһ۵أ߽˵ݡ
-
Уܿ쵽˸ĵͣſ˴ӵ˳
˵ݣҪ绰ʳعԨѳͣ̧ͷȴֳعԨվڵſڡعԨ۾һϽ߹ȥʵ㳵ͣڸ𣿡
عԨһͬģʱĿҲֻ
ûСͣñȽԶҲһ㡣
عԨЦЦЦԺعͷȥһغŷޥûԶʱعԨҲǡ
Ȼһͼ򵥽һ£ҵѳҽԼһԷأͬŷޥ
˽ܣֹЦعԨ˸к
á
á
عԨֻգ˼򵥵֡
ͳعԨֺشһ۳عԨֿһ̽ѯ֮Ĺϵ
ǸˡͳعԨ
áعԨӦ
ͷغŷޥһЦټ
ټҲעӳعԨת˻ЦЦ
꣬ͳعԨųͣķȥˡ
˵Ӱһ𣬺ܿʧע˱Ӱʧķ򣬰κ󣬲ջĿ⣬ߵŷޥ߰ɡʲô
سԼͣķߣŷޥıӰû
㲻ΪҳԷŹģΪԼ
ŷޥͻȻ˵һ䣬ػͷŷޥ۾ضʲôؽȷʵԼԷŹҵŷޥô˵ҲûϣЦŵ԰
ô֪ŷޥʡ
ʼϵԷŷޥΪΪģ˺þáؿ鲢ȶϲʱŷޥͿ͸ص뷨ƭԼسˣŷޥǱһ
еϰ壬¼ȡġص
ŷޥĳ
ʱ̫̫绰оʱߡֻ̫̫ӴӦȴû̫̫˵̨Ӳ˱סˡ
˾Ȼء
ŷޥմѧУҵʱУ̫̫˵е㾭飬Ȼܰȥ˲Уʶʱ̫̫˵ҪȥеʱҲڣȻϰѣΪʲô
ΪλòֻͬǸڼСãȴϲˡ
ŷޥҡ
ʱҲŷޥЩԣʵôˣ
ŷޥһأκջߡ
ûʲôŷޥ


13 
뿪غŷޥųعԨĳǰͣȷʵȽԶعԨ˳źϳ˸ʻλϡ
֮ͷʼʻϵĳعԨǳʲô
عԨֻ˵һԷû˵ʲô
عԨӣ

ʵ㲻ΪʡǮѡôƽʳ
عԨˣӦøţźƲ䡣
˵꣬عԨͷһۣϲ
ðɡ
أعԨʡ
һ㡣ζͷʵǲ̫ϲҾϱһǸСãŵճζͲǺϲ
ǳԱġعԨ
á̻ؾͺá
СعԨҲû֡
˵Ĺ򣬳Ѿ˴·ϡǰǺƣعԨͣ·ԡͷų⣬ԱһҲͣ˹ųЦһ

Ǹմӵֱͣ·ˡųܿǰĵ·ŷޥ˵ʲôûעߡ
عԨû˵ǰ̵𣬳عԨ뿪ˡ
ǺܺõѣعԨųصĳˣһ䡣
ܺáڲˮ̫̫Ķӡ
ô˵عԨܻʶøһЩȻ˵󣬳عԨʣ
ûСЦȷʵϲҡ
أعԨʡ
û뵽عԨĸ״ôȤ˸պлģЦЦҶкøС
˵꣬һתǲһҲˣ̫̫ҵļ
һŵԺҪܺã̫̫ôҲ
˵ǣعԨһۡ
ܺأ
زһΪãǼãѡһô
ҪҼãҾͿļҵѡͶˣѡҵȻҪѡŵġ
˵꣬عԨЦ㡣
عԨųĻ뿪ǰͷ˹æ񣬵··
عԨعͷȥЦ
ӴûӴعԨŵѡˣųȣ͵𡣲ˣҲ˸
Ȼô˵ǿЦģĸᣬôƴҲƴü
عԨô˵ҲǼ裬ǲڡ
-
عԨλһһٿǮһ顣꣬عԨ˼ҡ
һٷһСʱؼʱպð˵㡣عԨĳͣС¥ǰ³պ㳡ĺõСš
衣
ûͳعԨСŽһͷСѾ˹ЦűסСű˻
СܽԺҲǰ˾һ̲塣عԨһá
áعԨӦһ
СŹʱõվԶûйõ򣬺ͳعԨһ£裬㳡
عԨ̧ͷһԶĺõ
õʮ꣬ǸͨŮˣƽȥʵҪö࣬ɼǲ͡عԨߣõɫЩڡ
عԨջĿ⡣
ʺáعԨ
ĸ׵ĲȻЦŵͷá
˵СŵѾˣͲȥˣټ
ô˵عԨͷһСţֿллҳԷ
һЦ
عԨ˵գ򿪳˳Ŀĳ뿪ССŵĸߡ
裬ˣЦʵ
šõЦӦһͬʱСŵСһۡ
СȥЦۡǻؼҰɡ
СźһǣֳżҵķߡҹдųȵʪõͷţСŽ׶԰ı֡
ôõ
ǰɡҸæҽԷš
ʲôæˣСʡ

ûĸ׺СͬѧۻϷ飬˸һģЦŵǺƽæ̫˵
Ҿӡõ
һĸסѾʮ꣬һӣԵĽϣĸ׺ٻʺͲ֡
ǵġ
õһۣдŵģ֪ǸʲôӣֻֻϣƽƽҸ˺úðһ̫ãǲҪʡ
õǸƽŮˣڶŮƽصԸΣϣԼŮί
ĸ˵ĻС˵̫ϲعԨпǶܿͳعԨĲ࣬ò
ͳعԨĲ࣬ΪѵˡԲܳعԨְ̫̫ǰͬѧۻϳԳعԨĸоѺͿơ
ͳعԨȻӴôΣǿѡγԹ˴Ժ󶼲ʲôӴˡ
֪
ŮĻõЦЦ
-
¼֮Ҳ»ص졣
˼ΣµѧҲγŵòҲոպá
ԸʣҲʶ˲µͬ¡ŷޥĹϵعԼԷתֱ¡
ּתֱֻŷޥģǺϵѺáϾʦ̫֮ԵìܣкпܻῪһʦάʦ֮Ĺϵȶ
ŷޥȻ䵭ûʲôΪҲһʶȻ䵭ѻҲһЩõӰ졣
ڿΣȥһ˲ˮ䡣ˮվݲ裬ЦŸ˸к
ʦ
㡣ЦŻһȥ˱ˮ
мҳˣ˵ϵúãǿҲġ˰ʦǵĿγ⣬һЩҳͶߺͽ顣ߣûյͶ߽飬һֱյ佱
˵һʼʱһء
Цеư
ǣӵҳͶߡ˸ί˵
Ҳˣǿ̨ġʵڲ̫ԭҳѡξͺأҪ㣬ǼҳǺܻܿҲˡ
ĵĺ
ЦûС
ԽӴԽϲŮˡǸκܳɫŮˣϴһ;ֱӣи
ڲˮģһһ˽Ų裬˺󣬽һŷʦ
̧ͷŷޥ˽
ŷޥһЦһ㡣
˵Ĺŷޥߵߣŵϵζˡ
ޣЦС
ܺšŷޥЦ˵˵ŵĹ򣬿һϵĲ豭Ҷݲ豭һ׵Ļв̰ɣ
û뵽ŷޥȻʶϲͷ԰㾹Ȼ֪
Сʱһ͸ҡŷޥ˵ϲȲ裿
ѽ
ҼӢ裬ݳɫ豭ر䡣Ҹɡŷޥ
ôһ˵۾Цô˼
ʲôŷޥЦ
˵ĹŷޥѾˮˮŷޥ㣬ҹΣˡ
ŷޥ˵ôһͨˮҪߡһߵεصͷãð
˵꣬ŷޥˡ
ŷޥˮѣһǳɡվߣŷޥȫˡŷޥߺЩεؿ˿ߵûʲô仯
ǹϵ𣿡ʡ


14 
ǵŷޥͬһйģ˻ͬġʱŷޥ˵ǰٽҾڸڣ˵ġԴ֮ŷޥԶ׼䵭͸ˣЩ䱩˼ˡ
Դûʲô֣ͦϰ߱ԴĻЦЦҲ㲻ãͨͬ°ɡ
ͨͬҲôɣʦĹϵͦõİ˵꣬ʵǲʲôìܰ
кעʦϵ顣㿴ҪǺŷʦʲôìܣҪҪҺһ̸̸
ûìܡ˵꣬ЦЦһȥĵģʵô¡
ͦõģǺúģ˵ͺˡ
ͷЦá
-
뿪ˮ䣬Լĸٽ˹ȥ߹ȥʱŮ˵˵ŷޥЦźԱ߸ٽҵʦţ֪ĵʲô뿪ʱϵЦݻû
ŷޥӸڸʦĽ뿪ڳԼٽߵʱ򣬿ӭڿһɲǣŷޥĿĮȻתԼĸٽš
մ򿪽ţֻһɴӵһ°ƽ˸ٽҡŷޥҪعűϣ屻ѹ˸ٽҵǽϡ
ʲôŷޥѹסѾ͸ˣ۾ݺݵض
һûʲôءʲô˼
ŷޥ֪˵ղڲˮ飬ѹţŷޥ£ʲôʲô˼Ҳкô
СڱǰøұòеΪ֮ϵá
ǱϵͲáŷޥԼ˵ѡ
һʼҵǸ˵ҪҺúദ˼
ΪΪбǺ֪ûʲôҲͲҪɵˡŷޥ
һ̧
ŷޥذæŪġģϲأĹϵõ
ʱŷޥ̬תԭˡб죬ŷޥôΪǿӲ̨ǰԸǸ˵úദعԷ˳ɸйϵŪе顣֪ĺ̨أҲͲؼɵˡΪضİæʻģԲô
ݹӦõġŷޥҵĹΪŪġ
㱻ŪĹǲеĹеĹŷޥö䲻С
ŷޥѹһ¡
ܴŷޥǱֱѵۣŷޥʹгۿҲñ䡣
䲻䲻˵ġøұò¶΢Цñ˿ìܡҪݹӣҪΪԭҶ˹ҲŹ㡣
źݻŷޥҲ۵δ£һسҾҪñ֪ìܣҪд㣬û
ô֪֪ìܴ˵ĻңʣμԼԺ̫̫˰ɡ
ڿŵŷޥһ䡣
ı飺̫̫֪ҽԣ϶ҹϵǲҪ¼ҡأһǱ¼ˡ
˵ʲô˵صĹϵ̫̫Ӳʱ֣֪֮ìܣбҪһ˵Ǵ˹ϵӲңǴ㣿
ŷޥ۾һֻš
ı仯Ҳɿ˶ѹƣֱ壬䵭ÿúùҪٸЩ߰顣
˵꣬뿪ŷޥĸٽҡ
-
ŷޥ̸ԺصԼĸٽҡ
Ȼŷޥô˵ҲҪŬĹˡĻʱѹסŷޥ֪ѹƶá
ǿصĹϵģϵοģҲˡܿסֻԼ
УҲúùԼеļֵصĹϵһԺŷޥƣΪϢ˱һʦϣԼܿʵ¡
ҪݹҪСźĸסûֻܿԼ
ŷޥĹ֮ȥһ½û˵ֻ˵ŷޥ鲻áѧмΪϲתԶЩҲ˵ûټܡ
ԼĸٽҼϿΣһϾϵϰ˵㡣
ٵĿγҲǰ˵࣬¿εʱѾߵòˡ뿪Уеĵݡ
ʱ䣬ѾûʲôˣҲֻһˡһͣһиŮ˱һ˽
ȥ¥Ŷ㣬һ䡣
¥Ů˺лл
ŮȫϣſɵĳȹС¡Ǹи
˸İťŹϺʼƽС˶û˵Ůֻ𣬸
ֻŮȥֻһ뿪ϵһµ˵ݡ
Ů˾һҲֻˣϽȥϡУ²㡣Ŭ¶׵ʱѾȥȫˡ
ãЦŵݸŮˡ
Ů˽ӹݹϣллллл

æԺҲûôˡŮ˱ϣ˺ò㡣
ЩͷһŮ˵СⶼܴˣҪ𣿡
ءŮ˵Ҫٹ롣
˵꣬һ£ô󣿡
ѽŮЦжǣûУ֪ɡ
ô˵Щ˼ѾˣиĶӡ
ѽģŮ˾һ´ȫӵӣֵá
ô˵ϼ˶ô˵˿ޣЦ˵лл
ʱݵһ㣬Ů˵˵ݡ
-
뿪ݣ߳˴á
ǰǸС㳡ʱ䣬㳡вȺ˴úȥ˴һ¥˰˵ۣС緹
߳ŵվķȥ
øеվ·棬Ҫ߹һ·߹õС㳡˰ǰȴ̵ơ
վ̧źʱġεΡʱԶһɫ˹˹ʻ˹
ֺͨһûʲôϵҲû⣬ֱһԹʮķ򸾣ߵǰһס֣ص
Ůҵˣ
ŵøĴˡ


15 
·ϲ̫˵ǶԷȥ˴һ¥ĿڿϣŶ滹ûƽķ򸾣Сʵ
尢̣ǲϴˣ
ûСŮ˸ӼˡǴһ㣬־ҪȥץʶܣԱҲסӡ
ԼŮϵóġסӵ֣򶨣۾ҲβסĴȰ
ǲʶ𣿡Ůʹࡣ
Ŷķˣͷû˵ʧ顣ʣǵŮʧˣ
ǵġǰڼôʧٵġʱҲѾƽİȷʵǣֻһǵݡ
˵ôҡҡͷûȥô󡣡
Сڼô󳤴󣬻٣ǣϲΪʮ꿪ʼ㺮پһֱ򹤡Ů˵
̧ۿȥʮͣʵӦñʮҪ۽Ǳʴĺۼôڸǡ
Ŀһһ㣬հ׵Ժȴûһ˿ļ䡣
ȷʵ˽ܶ࣬ǵϤ˶֪ЩҲΪŮƾݡ
ƺĻɣŮ˴ԼİһС򿪲ǸɫƬ
СһЩƬΪĴæҲûüš㿴ǲ㡣Ů˵ţƬƵǰ
ͷƬ
СŵƬţʱ˳һƬѾЩʱˣǱúܺãֻƬԵЩɫܿóóһһؿ
Ƭܴ˺ǿҵĹУΪǶļ䡣
ƬʱƬˣƬıһ绨عһͷԡ
ͷǱߴһ¡
ʱϵľ裬òŻʧЩ֣ƬĿƬϣһδ
ⶼĶա˺ţʱ׶԰ʱСѧʱ򣬻гиƬ㻹ܼǵô
̧ͷˣûʲôͱ飬ҲǴ̼˵ʲôĻǮһź˳
ó˹ȥʻվڶ˺Ůˡ
Ƭֻһš۾ƬϣϴǮСĵˮˣЩģˡҪǲţüĹܼһЩĺչֻƬڹ⣬ҪŹˡ
źգҲʧ±Щʻ
һҡƬϣ˵̧ۿŶԳĸķ򸾵ҼһᣬҲҴС׶԰ϳУϸеƬкܶࡣҺҸĸҺҸճĶӣСѧиеıҵա
ǲܡ˵꣬Ůоɵ
еġھҼңҿǿ
ʧ䣬ĸᣬһһĽƬȥ飬ϣһؼ䣬Ч΢
ǲò˵ǷùƬƬŮȷʵ˵һģһֻСʱЩ𣬵˸дѧͻϲˡ
кܶ೤Ƶˣǿϴˡ뵽ѾŮܾãòҵһƵŮˣϣĹȴϴˡʧ;ˡ
еź
ǸҡȻǣȷʵûʲô԰æġǸ׼뿪ǶԷȻ
DNA⡣˵
̧ͷһۣתͷŮ˵룬ҪǿDNA⡣
Ůɷô˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôԶԣDNA⡣
˵ţַ̧ŵ˺󾱣һ󣬴Ӻ󾱴һԼëóëԭƬĲãݸ
Ѷʵǰôûʲô塣Ƕڶ򸾶ԣǾеһ˿ϣǵܿܶǸĴ
ҾáҪڣ˶ȥ⣬ܲŽţȥ
ĿжεؿΪ˷ֹģѾˡپܾЩ̫ˡ
ŮϰͷĲԥһ£˹
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ķ»ϣ۾
ǣַҰɡʱüҲǼһݱ档
ôʵǲۿʧ
áŮӦӦʱִӰһп
Ǯǿźλ
ܾá
֪㻹ǲǣӦҲΪǡŮס֣дŴȰһЩǮ㲻ǵŮЩǮġ
Ů˵ϸţ־Ȼûʲô
áӹп
˫˵ʲôԷţҲֻеȼһġλˡ
˵ţͷ򸾶˾һͷп뿪˿뿪ʱŮͻȻһ
䡣
ʶͷŮ˿ЦţʵҲоڵ𣿱ڵ㣬Ըϲã㲻һô
תͷ뿪˿
-
ʧ˻ؼҵĵ
·ص˼ҡڿһЩʱ䣬Ѿŵ࣬СѾ˯ˣĸڿ
ţĸ״ӿӭӣ۾︡һЦ⡣
ǰ˵°𣿡ĸ˵ŽӹϵıſڵĹϣպãҸ轺ϴ¾ʹ˰ɣ˻Щ
ʹأЩĸ׵ĵѾ˺ܶࡣʱ۵ȥĸȥµɽϸժ飬Ǽһðɤһֱãĸ˵ʯΣȥµ¸ʯʱ±ںܻˤһӡǻ󣬲Լȸʯˣ˾ͺˡ
ֻĸײز
ôˣ
õ˵ŻЩĲɵġеؿͷһۡ
ɫЩ̫ԣõϵǣʵôˣǲǹ˳ģ۸ˣ
õŵκЦЦ
ûеˣԸɣ
ŮϸЦõĽҲиͷãСŶûô̰ԡ
˵ţõЦӯӯȥ˳


16 
ȺЩȥϴ裬ϴסСţҲȺ
豧סСԺҲˣعͷͷĻ
裬Ұ㡣
ÿиףǷסСŵֱսΪʲôôѽ
СţΪѽ
ͷҪأ㻹𣿡
С룺֪
õ𰸣Ϊ𾪣ţ֪
СŵͷΪ㲻ĻҲᰮҰ
Сӵ߼ô䲻⣬һ£ôᡭ
İְָҵͲСŵôɰ
Сôһ˵Ҳ߼СӵûѪԵֳҲš
뵽ͷ׶ӵĶͷ˰ְ֣û˰ְ֣𣿡
ΪСŸУΨһľĸ˫ȫΪ飬СһֱΡ
˸УСͻȻ̧ͷаְֲһáҿĳְֺʦ͵͵ˡ

ⶼʲôְ֣
С˵ֺ꣬貹һ䣺ûһö

ӣΪѣ
ְֵһ䣬ûټ⣬ղСһοʵãůˡŶӣԶӵǰ裬ֻ迩
ȻСŵ
ѽҵĹԶӡٺЦţС
-
ëȥDNAӼġ
һ˵˵ӼǺܼ򵥵ġֻҪύ񣬵Ƚ󣬼Ļѽʼĸˡ
ԺύȻ˸Ǽǡ
ַ𣿡ԱӵǼǱȷһ¡
ǵġͷ
áԱ˵꣬ºվݸˡ
Щ뿪˼ġ
ӼķûǮٷʱõŮ˸ſʣµǮ˼ĺѿȥŮµĵַ
ڼĵַҲǵĵַûԼġѾ֪ҲҪٿһżȷ˭
Щ˵ȥС
-
ϴŷޥŷޥڻָֻ˵ʱɶ뱣֤еڳʱֻܱò
Ҳ㹻ˡŷޥʲôͻúùǮСš
ƽ˾ǶݵģڣŷޥĴֳ̼ˡ
һڸٿΣʮӵϢʱ䣬ȥˮˮҪϢһű¡˵˽
߽ٽңֳ̧˻֣ˡ
أüͷЦЦʵŷʦԷ
ϴҹŷޥһԷǴͳعԨԼ˳ûӦ
ԼġҲûԼͼ

ϴλŷޥӣֱӲװˡ΢˵ͷ̾㻹ǡ֮Ժ㡣
֮Ժǰʣ⻰ʵڲǰز⣬۾ȫϲ
Ҳص
ǲˡ
ôնϴεǸˣʵˣ
ˣЦ
صǸ
ϴԺͣһʱ䣬ԭͳعԨĹϵʱϣؿ϶׷ҪǳϣǶԳعԨҲһӰ졣
ֻѣڶûϵˡ
˵꣬˵ҺܡҺĲ࣬ȺĲ඼󡣡
ᵽ࣬׽ϴǼε֮һֱûóĹĻ˵ʲôˣ˵ǲ̫󣿡
ࡣͷ
˽й˿üۼȫΣ˭ϡ˵꣬صܿϼõģ˼ҼõҲҰ
һ£пļģ
˵꣬ͻȻһ£ʦݡ
˵ĹѾ˽أһЦѰ
ˡһЦ
ŮϲأؿһۡᣬֻҲŷʦѡʲôݰ
ôһֱͣɢϧһ£ϵļݸ֪Ӧļ
лӹл˵뿪˸ٽҡ
뿪һļļļַļļ棬һļ滹ſݡڴҲûпļ
һǸļļļַ
죬˴һ¡ߺؼţȻбҼõģ찡
أ˵ţȴû˵ϲ𿪵ļļָز
ôˣʡ
˵꣬Ѿ뿪˸ٽҡ
-
뿪ٽҺ󣬾ֱеſȥǰ̨ڽӴһԼҳѧʦպãиѧΡ
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˵꣬û˵ʲôӰѾʧſڡıӰ뿪ЩĪܿعߵļҳǸʦЩ˽£ٰһλʦ
뿪Уֱ˵ݡ
ڿһˣ˵ݺ󣬵ŹϣʼƽСе14¥ʱͣſһŮ˽
Ůϻϣ߽ݿվŵ۾ﾪϲһ£㡣
Ů˵̧ͷһۡһŮˣźɫ鳤ȹĸ¡æϵǸи
Էкòص˵ͷá
˵ıȻסˡ
Ů˿űͻȻסȫ֪ʲô顣վһԣɻع۲
ôˡ
Ů˻û꣬վڵһԵʧȥ֧ţʹض˵ϡ
ŵģDNAĵļǸŮ˼ġΪ٣ԼĸԼûв𿪹ȷϢΪ档
ʾ99.9%ѪԵϵĸŮ
ĸŮڵĸʲôϵ
мСžĶӡʧǰСžѾˡڵĸײĸףСĺ
𣡣


17 
˼ҡ
һ, С׶԰ԭĸӦڵġվڿһ, 뿪ȥ˸ĳС
һסĵطǸܷиСͳСԱһЩСԵС̯, , С̯ûʲô˹ˡСվ£ʳġ
һ۾Ϳ˴ñڼＹĸס
һ, ǸͨŮˣʱĸ, ҲΪ˳ЩƵĵطƤҲܰףٺܹѵ, , а׷, , ֻ۾ʼմŶ, ƽ͡
ʱ, һΪϧ뿪Ǹ˼ʮļ磬زAУչ, չСš
ûлɹԼ, Ҳûлɹ, ʵĸס
֪
վõϵＹò, ̧ͷʱһۿҲڿ, , ȴûйƽõһţæＹŪߵŮǰ
ڼ̫ˣųһµġ
AԺŮһֱöΣ縺ҵصĸ׿ʼֵǰС̫СˣҪչ벻С׶԰һҲûʲô¶ųְ򹤣һǮܼһĸ
һֱ˵̫ۣ̫ȣƢˣõ
Щ޴룬˫Χȹţ۾ŵؿûйֻǿİӡ
£ǳȵģȻ֪õȴѾɹˡ֪ŮΣַ̧Ķͷǰ
̫ˣҸĵطɹˡ񱣻һ
ոĵ̰ӣڱñԵ
ѽõҲ۵ģҸɻϰˣƽʱвס
Ǽң׳Ժζģô꣬Ǻõһ˳ġΪȵĲͶȵ˥ϣֻ꣬вסҪ
û˵
ʹõ޶ۣҲŮĲһɳŸʵôˣ
ͷĸ׵῿ţ滹Щץζʵҵôĳ
Ҳ֪ѽõҡҡͷְģ˵˳ھôĳû
飬õϲôͻȻˣ
ĸײ֪һֱΪŮڵȴָ
Ǳššһ
̫ɹˣЩͷǣհһƬҪըˡ
ϸֳʹɫõŵؿĶ벻ǲҪӲ룬ڵġ
õ񽹼ҪȥһĵطûϢϢ˺ôһסĸ׵֡
Ҫ졣
õһ£ʦҪ
ֲеʦ̫ҹȥ֧Ԯһ¡
ǹϵ飬õǲͷõģȥ죿
ĸףɣʲôʱʲôʱ˵
ȥĶõʡ
BС
õ˵꣬óֻĸ׵ֻʣµһܻĻѾɻˡ㿪ĻBеǱ߱Ҫ䡣²컹Ҫ꣬Ҫ·ˣ֪Ķ𣿻Ҫɡ
õĵ˵ֽ̧꣬Χȹһȥʰ
ˡס
õûĸеĵǣ˳ǣЦЦҶˣԼչ˲Լ
ЦˣõҲЦˡ
չ˲ˡ
ĸ˵ôһ䣬ЦЦô˵õҲûֻ֣ʰáʲôʱߣ
졣
Сʰ߾УСŸ˯ǡȥҲҪúóԷ֪ô
֪
ȥɡ
õġ
-
صңʰһЩƷȥ˳ǱһҾƵ꣬˼䷿˯˾ƵĴϡ
ҪжĿռ䣬Щ췢飬úȥڣſմ˯ȥɡ
ھƵûûҹ˯죬ϣھƵϴ˸裬ʰһº˷뿪˾Ƶꡣ
ûлؼңȥĸDNAĵַ
ĸǿ˹˹ģɼԭͥҾףǳסڼôڹסҲʱסġסڳغдƬı͸߼ԢA˾ӵĵضΣסAд󲿷ֵȨ
ҵĸڵĵַһӵжͥԺıդդϻ÷ſڣ塣
죬žͱ򿪣һ΢ֵŮ˴ŸɾװҵĹܼҡ
С㡣Ů˺ܼ
ǡ
֪Ů˵Ѿ֪̫̫ͨˡС㣬
ڣŮѾੲݵ˵
̫̫⼸죬Ҫٲ̫̫̲סȥˣסġҲˣʧô꣬Ҳŵͳôࡣҵ֮󣬼ʻЩ
˵飬ĸЩζ
ˣ˵ʧˣҲ˰ɣŮ˵
ȷʵûһ˿ӡŮ˿ãȻЦŵǼĹܼңС
áһ
Ůϲͷ
˽ź󣬾ǴƬĲݵأݵмһССţҲһסլ
һ͵ʱڵ󷿽ټĻ԰ŵȪÿһźݻ
ŵʱ򣬻ûլѾӭ˳ӭӵֻĸ룬͢Ϊйл˼ô
뿴Ѿۿͨ죬ѹż̧Ҫһִֵ˫̧ڰգʼûб
ĸ׵СЦЦְĸױ˻
סĸ׸ػر˻
ҵİ䡣
-
䣬ڼôڼôСʼѧϰ٣ùʤȥʱ򣬿˰ڷڿеĽнԱŽƬ
ֻЩƬĶգû͸ĸĺա
ĺûãڼôأҪҪּһЩ뿴ƬΪţ˵ôһ䡣
áѾDNAˡ
DNAƬ֤һС
ãá뼤ͷؼôԺҲܿġ
ҵŮŮϺ󣬾̼ƻ˻ȥ顣˵ԺԭЦŵȴȴһ¡
ĸĸһֱڼôйҲΪȻҵˣӦþҪؼˡ
ʱؼҡ
뿴Ůеԥʵôˣ
йһʱ䡣ĸ׵ǰǸҡ
ô˵뾪ʧ䣺Ϊʲô㲻ǣ
ڵļ䶼ǸڵǴСĸͳȥĺӣԺ󣬲ϻĸϾ
ĸ׵ᣬæϵҲǲǣϵġ
Щ
ֻиӣǱҲи衣ҵʧ䣬һֱ֧ҡ
˯ҹһ½Ҫ顣ʱлɸҴС㣬Ϊĸ׺Сһʱ䡣
飬õСŲ֪AУҲһߥ޵ġһ˼䣬һ˰裬ƨˡʣСźͺõ˸
˽ĵǣǿԸǮ
̧ͷǺأ
СŲꡣ

ǸĸףŮû϶ȥĸףʧԺ֧һȥģҲ֧ǻȥ
̶̵䣬һھ̫飬Ѿγ˲ɷָ
ʱʱС˵ĸײã֪Ժ֡΢򴽣ĸף԰С
ס֡
㲻˵СȰؿҵŮҵŮʲôԣ趼֧㡣
ǽůĺ࣬ܶȴ㹻ӲİȫС
лл衣
֪ĸףҲ˼һ׿ڽ衱뼤֣Цеص
лΪ䣬ǣΪʲôǿԵġ
סĸ׵֡
Ů֣Ů¶ȣһôӦһ顣
;öԲ裬ô˵˵شӦԣʲô飿
ŮѾʮˡڹҲùעһԼ¡

զϻŮҪƻ
һعԺϵڹڵͬѧиӣ꣬˷ǳ㡣ܴܲӦһ棿ʡ

ȻԼΪҲõ𸻼ҴС͸ү׵
ʵҡ
ѽŮеľܾЦŵֻǼһ棬ȺȲ裬죬ֲҪʲô
˵꣬Ȱؿʵ𣿡

áɡ


18 
áӦˡ
̫ˡ뿪ĵعơ
˵, ԭصҲࡣˣ迪ľͺá
ڻûһؼ䣬Ȼҵ˼, Ϊûйȥļ䣬Щİ͸ҡ, ҪӦ, ʵ̫ġ
뿪꣬οؿ, ʲôӰһппݸ, 㻨Ǯ
пæ֣òá
־ܾ, Цؿ, , ѽ

Ŷ
Ѿ, ҲǻŮ㻨Ǯġôò, ӦøǮ, οԼ顣
뵽ӹплл衣
л̧ЦеԹԡ
-
ĸ, Ȼĸ״͸ͨ˸Ƶ绰Щ, ĸһ, Ȼ˾ȥá
ھƵס죬ֻһֱǹػ״̬, ȿԺ, ŷֻˡػ, ǰ̨ĿǷüԹͷû
㡣Цȥˡ
ɫ䣬ϵļС㻹֪޹ʿ죬Ҫ˵ġ
ҵʱˡ
ٵô̧ۿһ١첻Ϊϰ尡
ǸǸǸ
ǸԺ⼸ûҵĿΡ
ָʦˡûԺҲˡ
飬㣬ͨͨڣ֪ˡֻ̫ˣұȥ
ʵҲ뿪ʱɫˣǸܶס¶Ůˣɫ࣬һе뿪϶ǳʲôԸҲҪȥ顣
ǸСسŮǵ裬ʱ˹ϵУ̤ʵܸɣͻ棬ǸܺõʦϧݹҲضԴݹ
ųʱĽӴҲǸЩġ¶Ȼˡ
ĵǸôֺõؿӲ󣬵ˣĿҶŸʦˣĿԼȥϡ
Ļлл㣡лл㣡
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ʦҲƽʱϵģ˵ǳԷɡ
Цһʲô
һ¥17coɡ
˵꣬ļһˤˣ17coܳԵƲ
һ¥17coһҸ߶ƽʱҲǴĸ߹ȥԣЩСආֻĶȴûȥԹ˾һǧȥҪһٿɵСһ
룬ܿģǸҴСˣǰˣںǮ軹һ㻨ǮĿӦõи飬ǳԷ´ࡣ
ѽû¶ǰôæǳһ17coôˣЦ㲻һֱȥ𣿡
˵ȥ17coҲΪ˵ȥԡôæǸúúһ١
֣Ŀ´һ䡣
вƱˣ

ûвƱֻҵǮİ衣Ҳú˵룬ͷࡣ
ô˵ûپܾЦЦУȺúðһƤ
ٺЦ
-
ǸֺϿελʦлλʦĿΣۻҳǻЩĵģ˵Ҫǳ17co󣬴ҷ׷ױʾÿ
ʱλʦһ䣬ȫȥ17co
Էһ˸ˣŴΧһŲ˵׼͡Ų˵ϵļ۸զΪһһǧͲˣӿܵóȥ
ûϵûϵǾͺá
Ŷ~ʦ˴󷽣üϷʵؿ
ЦһעСƱأԡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣиʦҪԵõģǮǰġ
ǣ⼸ϿһСİְˡһʦ
㾡㡣ʦǵ²ۣǲҪ
ʦǿˣҪΪļͥϵģļͥҲ֪һĸ׻һ׶԰ĶӲףĻжǾѾοˡ
ٷǧ࣬ͼʦлл顣ʦǿЦץȥˣҪӵ
Цȥǰ̨ˡ
̨˵һλСӣͲȥ˵˺Ϳʼ̨ˡ˵Ϣ㻨Ǯпݹȥˢһ¡
пˢ롣ȲЩǰ̨СͻȻѽһ
ôѽһѽЩ飬СӣæʵôˣǮ𣿡
ɣҲ̫˰ɡ
ǮʱͼʦҲˣô˵һУȡ
ǲҶˢˡСӿɥҸղŲСĶఴ㣬ˢʮ򡣡


λʦ
ˢʮˢɹˣǮʮʲô㻨Ǯһ㻨ǮⱲӶûôǮ
ŶǣмⱲӶûôǮ
һ¾סˡ
ȷӦ˹ǰ̨Сӵȥϰһ¡
ԱԱʹСæȥϰ壬ͼʦ
ʦ㵽˶Ǯʡ

һֱΪͼ鰡ڣҲ֪˶ˡ
ð˵ġ˵˼飬ǶΪ˸ʡǮûԱиʦߡ
ԣһʦ͡

˵ûԱҪٵ㣿
㣡иʦ
Ҫʽ
Ҫʽ
ʦ˵Ҫݴһ٣Ҳֻǵ˼ȡǾ֪˽˺ܶǮǻ
ʵȫ
17coϰ̨ǮҲ˻ҿĻУȥԵ24СʱATM
ʱĸ׸п˵㻨ǮΪͼء˭һˢˢʮûס
ATMС䣬п롣
ATMĻϺܿʾп

4996500
ô費ɣ
Ŷλ뻹һλ
⻹ֻ㻨Ǯѡ

ò˵иǮİвƱҪˬˡ
-
ǮˣˣǮĵһ£ȥС
СſĴƷָߣСͬѧҫһĻˣСſƲ۵ĻᷢİСŴźܺÿΪ̫ûǼ㣿
Ŀγĵˣ˿Ժֱ̳ʼ
ò˵ǮԺҲ˲١ǰʱ򣬸־ᣬֱȼۣžڣֻҪķۣǳΪĶ

СһѣЩ᲻ˡ̳֮ϢϢһڽûˣ˶Ϳֱӻؼˡ׼Ϣһ󣬴Ŷֱӻؼҡ
ϢλϢŵʱֻɿСóֻһۡ
ĸס
˽
衣һ
¿ûУʵ
¿ˡЦЦĵ¿ˣ̳СЩ
̳ʵļ̳
SVP
룺̫ˡ

Ի켤Ըĺûá˵Ժ󣬾ͺϸ˵ǸͬѧĶ㻹ǵ𣿡

Ǹ׶¡
ǵáôˣʡ
ѽպҲSVP

ھͼ
ҸһأһԸɡ

ǡ
裬˺öණҶòˡܾ
ŶѽǸպðʱæţȥ

ҵ谡
˺ˣղ㰢̸˵Ӿһ¥Ǽֱӹȥɡ㰢̸˵˺ܶණ㵽Ƕϳˡ
ҡڸҪ˵ذѵ绰Ҷˡ

绰Ƕǡཡäֻһ߰ĶαϣϢһ̾˿ŴСȥһ¥
-
СһСʱѾʱˡҲ̫߶ˣ̳ȴԶġ
Ҳպã徻
ȥڲ￴һȦڲﲢûˣֻŮ˻һλߣ׶
Ӧûû
뵽Ƚ˲˸ˡ֮ѴСķ˲ϡΪֻ˵Ҫף׶ĳһֻ֪˵Ŷϵó
ȻˣͲżˣɡ
¶˲˵ʼ
عԨսͿ˱СΧͷڿαϣϵĲ˵
վڲԶһû̧ͷļ󣬳عԨ˹ȥ
߹ȥ󣬳عԨĶ档
ԭڿ˵ģ£עҲ˹ԭΪ׶̧ͷһȻǳعԨ
۾һ㾪ϲ
ЦŴк
عԨʵڵˣ
عͷ԰ڵˡ
˵ţʱſڿʼˡŲſվŵˣǸ˾׶׶󿴵ųعԨ϶ʲô
ʵҪסһ͹ˣҪȡԥίظˡ
˵꣬عԨ̧ù˲ˮŲˮعԨ˱ˮˮݵֱߣعԨ̧ۿ
Ҿǡ



19 
, عԨ˲˵ʣԵʲô
ûлشĿ⸴, ųعԨϳˣ
ǵĸʶǰ϶ʱعԨһμSHOǴûϳ, ̫̫ǴΣ̲ǴΣܹϳ˵ġ
ûСعԨ̧ǰû

Ŷ, ǵĸǲ̫ϵͬѧ
ػΡô˵ൽʶˣǰʶʱ򻹽ӴôΣ, , ܹЩ΢ġ
Ҹף֪ôʳعԨ
عԨ֪
û˵ˡ
عԨ, һ飺Եʲô
ɡ
عԨŲ˵, ҿ㷭һ˵ˣûҵԵģ

ԳعԨղڲͿϳ׶ˣһ˺ܾõŽİɣ
Ǹţš, ĢŨ
áعԨӦһ˷
ͺ󣬳عԨҲʼ, ӾعԨʣô£
һ, ӦҲǺãȻһƶߵͨŮ, ôͳĸͬѧŮ
ҲǸ߹ʧʵ費ҵĸ, 衭ͰͬѧĲҵĸס򵥽һ顣
, عԨˡ
ȷعԨʡ
ȷͷDNAġ
ʲôûŻ
عԨӦƽƽ˸£Һܿ¡
Ц԰ǺǺǺǡ
ЦԺ󣬲̧ۿ˿عԨû뵽Ȼ㡣
عԨˮ˿ˮʺͶţ˵꣬΢򴽽ǣǵġ
ȻҶˣȥҲûҪ˵ˡ뵽ǾԶٷӦһ¼ͺˡ
һԼĻɡعԨ

ǣ㻹Ҫװ
عԨԾ䣬򵥽ԼعԨӣĿǰԼĽҹ
عԨ֮ӣӵн͹˫ѧλΪ˼̳ӴҵѧģáԼĽңڹⶼʢҲǷǳĽʦ
ȣΨһƥľǼ
˵Ҳƥ䲻
֯еļҽʱعԨйһθ顣
̧ͷعԨһ˫۾䣬׽͸Ŀʲôÿܸܵһ顣
Դ顣
أʵ
عԨˡ
ͷڰ
عԨ
ûȥ˵ġˡġˡͬһˡعԨˡ
عԨô̹ϣȻҲЩǶŮĿǰһйΪʧԵʣǰźĸϡĿǰ
أعԨʡ

ʧ˰Ķǵмθˣ
Ҳ֪ʧԺûеġ˵꿴عԨܻеģǶԷĸײͬ⣬ҲͲ֮ˡ
˵غ̫̫
عԨκ˵ͷá
򴽣ʧǰ϶еġ
عԨ̧ͷһЦ֪ģиӡʯͷĳġ
СŲ飬ˡعԨθҲֻӦ£ӦԺ˵ĹϵҲֻʣǵͬѧϵˡ
عԨˣԼεܸ
˵󣬳عԨ˼˼Ƭ̣Ӧһ
á
ãʲôã
ôãܹ鲻ǡһһĺáҲΪáҲȷ˳عԨһֻӦҳǺһԶٷ
ҲȷʵͦõģôǰһͳعԨһ
-
극׼ȥˡ
һʼĸ˵óعԨȥû̸£ҲͲ鷳عԨˡóعԨÿعԨûͬĻŹһ뿪˲
ڳعԨļ֣ҲûپܾףعԨؼңǾܿ׵ķˣͲӦˡ
ϷȻҪȫ׵ġ
عԨŴСûżȥݣȥһ¥һݳƷꡣ
ʵҪ𣿡
عԨС

ãѾС˺öˡæܾԭǵʱȥô˼ƷѸС
عԨվǶһμҪ¡Щ

ϴβǼ𣿶ҼСʲô¡صģ
ȻعԨҪҲûƴǡɣҲǮ
ǲǮҲܻڼɣ
عԨԺ󣬹̱ҪɴࡣһСİڼֱýӴǵsaݳƷ꣬Ѱ˼ڼôҲüǧ顣Ӵsa˼۸ŭС
ھǰ̶ûôػǮ
һôصЩܲסعԨҪˢ֣СžǸСôĶСŲ꣬ʮ߶ְ죬Ҫڼ
ֹʱסŮ΢󴦵ƤعԨͷûǮ

ðɣ̡
عԨô˵ҲûЦЦɿаɣлл
ɿսʱ¶ȺȴûкܿɢϸĴ
عԨ΢˴ѿݸsa
ˢ
-
ڼعԨ˼ҡ
˵ʱΪ֪Сźĸݣ˽ܲˡعԨͣûٶʡ
Сʱĳ̺󣬳عԨѳͣҵСſڡ
ûмСţѾƼعԨѳͣúͳعԨ˵лл˳
³󣬰ѺĶعԨҲ˳ʣµ˳
ӹعԨݹĹмضԳعԨллһؼң·עⰲȫ˰
˵Ҫ뿪뿪ǰعԨһ䣿
´ʲôʱ棿

´Σʲô´Σ
һãȻͷعԨͷߣ˾
ȥ㹫˾㣬һ͡

ŴСһʱûӦعԨ˼ʱСŻ
裡
ӵעȫŵСϣĻعͷСųܹһѰ˻
ҵıرסСš
°ѶӱڻŶӵ¶Ⱥǹԡζֻĸо
νСźûѪԵϵСһִģʱ裬ϣԺ衣
СŵֱսۿЩᡣ
Сű豧ţȻ첻Ҳͦģʵ̫ˣСű嶼ЩŤͷСı裬һ
裿
СһǴǻＷģӼлعϽɿЦһ˵Ǹ̫ˡ
˵ڶϰ˺üڡ
СŸŨҵĸעѾ˹ȥ޵УλֵûƵ
áСźͳعԨòشк
ӿڽ壬ҲعԨϽͷͳعԨЦŵǸŶˡ
û¡عԨ΢Ȧǻȥɣˡ
áЦллһ
ټعԨ˵ţĿתСţСټ
عԨСſ˻֡ЩСźŻڵǡ
ͿվԶĸףСŵĻϣǻؼң
˵꣬СţŴСȥͺõϺ˼ҡ
-
ôණĸȻٲԹ
ôԼûһЩõһ˼Ůϡ
׼DNAʱǰһĸ׻СദĸǱߣҲᶨʱȥ顣
һңоԼŮ
㣬ҲúҸֻһĸװиԹԶӣֱӮҡ
ҲȱʲôĸЦŵ
˯´˺ܾˣ·ЩҲˡĸ߶߶˵š
ЦŵҪԼˡ
ô˵õһۣڿĶʱ۾βסĽο
ԺһǮˣǮסõ߶һ䡣
֪ˡⲻǳЩ÷ôһЩ裬㲻Ǹ㳡ȥϴɡ
ͳعԨСſڵʱ򣬺õСŸմӹ԰õ˰Сʱ㳡裬һô˵˯ȥϴˡ
ĸ뿪󣬿ֻʣСš˵ϵĵϣСŲ
Ϊʦ벻ͣΪҪһڣԣСźϲߣɴҪСһܿĵһ˯ž
С۾˷ܣЦţ۶㡣
СʱԺͻȻ˳عԨʱعԨ´μʲôʱûüش˵°һ͡û룬СŹ˼ȫŵСˡ
۾СŪĴƷ䣬΢΢Щʧ
ʱ´μʲôʱӦҪӴ˼ҪӴǾ˵ҪһͣʵһԼ᣿
۽޶˶ġ
裬ôͻȻô
˼ӵĻϣϸһع˶һۣЩʱļ١
˵Ǯ͸ˡ
Сſһ裬˵ʱ۾ûҲЩ졣ȵġСҲû⡣
лл衣С˵һлл
̵ģ
ĸһ׺СҲһǼЩװ¡صģСŰһС
СС۾һСֵ
СǳعԨСǼСÿģЦЦʵϲô
šСŵͷСϲ
ǸղǸġ
Сţ
˵Դ󣬶СĶһ١һСŵһԣԱߵĴƷ

Ӻ̫ϲ׶


20 
СŲ, СҲȷʵ̫ϲعԨҲΪˣʱС׼ͳعԨչ顣
Сӵӡ˵øıҲøı䣬ôɡ
Сһ, ͬϲعԨĻĸ׺õСϴ裬˯Ժ˿
ĸڲĶĸĶЩ·ʲôƷԴҺĸ׾ûûҹزٳ֣·һֱشҲûʲôΡ
ĸײϲ磬ʵĸװ, ȻҲô㳡衣ֻҪԼеľͶŵŮϣϾ˼Լ
Ȼûиܺõ˵Щų, ǸΰĸסУΪԼļҡƾһ㣬ҲҪ
ôôࣿ˵ЩǮ, Щõһʼû, ǿôĻƽ, Щˡ
ôǮĶģõɺ˳
֪ĸô, ЦⶼԼǮ, ģһŲƱһЩԼ, ĳ޹ء
ۿźõеĵķ
ССſڱʱ, õڲԶ, Ҳ˳ǰĳعԨϴξͼعԨ, ˵ûʲôǵŮôƵؼң˵ûʲôõǲ̫ŵġûʲôعԨ϶ҲͼЩʲô
ǸõҪ䣬ȸ̯ơ
ڽӴӴòĻܻһ𣬻顣
ôֱӣѺõŵ۾ˡ

õ磬ҪͬµһܵģǿȥЩʵͥҲ̫߲ʡ
˵꣬Цǹѧģжⷽ治Ǻ⡣Ҳ⣬Ҿͦõġ
ôһ˵ѺõʵĶ˵ˣõһʱû˻
ԴӳԺǱ˸ˣǰôΨΨŵŵǳǱù⡣Ҫö࣬ǵ϶Ҳǵˡ
˵꣬õҲЩóعԨǸ׶ˡ
ǾͺáõʵҲͼ󸻴ֻҪСźþͺˡ
ĸףϵǴȰ㣬ֱۣסŮˣЦŵİɡҺСŲãҲġŮֲǼ޲ȥҲһϵԸ񡣡
˵õ˲ΪһϵԲ˳ȥ
䣬ǰӣõˡǣõ֮󣬺õȴܾЩʲô
Щʲô
-

ھݵشת̬֮ûзʲô仯ڶһ磬ȥС
ڼ䣬һ㶼пΡʦ½½УûϿʱ䣬Ҵڲˮݿ񡣽ԼСɣҺſȳű졣
ŵʱŷޥ˽һ͵˱ɸŷʦһɡ
ллŷޥЦŽ˹
ʦǼһ£һٷ㡣ʱиʦ˵һ䡣
ŷޥС̧ͷ
һǰϿ˰ǸлģǸô
ɶγۻۻˡ˵ˣһٳǧ࣬еֵġиŮʦЦ˵꣬ûǮŶһٿļͿɲԣ
Ůʦ˵꣬ҹЦҲЦţ˵һԡ˱ߵŮʦ
ڴŨҵʱŷޥֱ壬ˡ
䵭ƬЩ롣ʦջعѾŷޥӰˡ
Ī뿪иŮʦԵôˣ
Ǽʶһŷޥˣһìˣ
ûС
ϴŷޥѾֹôһˣǴ֮вһŷޥҲʵһʱ䡣飬ǷӡʱԽãӡ𽥿ʼɶ
ŷޥֿˡ
ŷޥ֪ǣѾǰˡ֣ѿࡣԾִ˵ˣνе
Ǯܴܶණ
-
ϵ֮ŷޥԴ̬ԡƣûκλӦ
ӦŷޥиҪҪǡعԨ˵°ʱһͣһ춼Щġ
ҲֻЩ֪ϸúͳعԨദ
ֻ׳һٷعԨûа˵Ĺϵ˵һ˽һԷǴӳعԨĽǶȳӦ·չİɣ
Ҳһ˵ҪԼٷԽԽûͷԲˡ
һڸٿ¿κѧͼҳ뿪ҡճţ̧ۿŷޥһ羫µŮ˵Ц˳ŵݵķš
ǸŮ̫̫
̸̫̫ģ̸깤˳˿ŷޥŷޥĸ첲˵Ц̫̫ţʵ㼸°ࣿһɡ
áŷޥ
̫̫Цôʲô
ŷޥ̫̫ߣЦҽУһûúллأͲҪˡ
ŷޥĻж̫̫Ȼ泩ֵ̧һĶͷã
˵Żʱŷޥ̧ͷĳһ̧ۡͷ̫̫Ҳ̧ͷǰվŵŮˣ̫̫ϵЦ
й飬̫̫֪ˡû뵽д˺󣬾Ȼõ¼ȡˡĽ̫̫ʼչһ̡ĺ̨ǿӲṵ̂εֻܺԡԵòˣԼðˡ
̫̫Ѿصô򵥣ڰͷһˮ档̫̫ѾǺˡ
ǿȥʱҲ˹ʱպѧͼҳЦӯӯӭѧͼҳĸٽҡ
˵Ӱʧ̫̫ɫ䣺
ŷޥְ̧̫̫˾ͺˡ
ҵܡ̫̫ûôӲAжȥ
̫̫˵ԴǼңŷޥͷḧ̫̫󱳣ҲûӲɡظæӣôܱӲ
˵ʲô̫̫תͷŷޥ鲻š
ŷޥ̫̫ôţҲЩȣ֪
֪̫̫˵꣬Ķйϵ
еϰظѡŷޥ
̫̫Ѿͣ˽ŲغΪִԺİõؽӵİΪĶӣȻΪһŮ˸Կ
̫̫˵ˡ
ʱѾ˵ԡŷޥеĵݣ̫̫ŵ˵ݵаťŷޥ
ȥһ¡
-
һڿθһ룬Žɫţϰȥ칫ҡ

вǲСôãûϰ嵥ٻأҲֲš
ѧҳǸ뿪˸ٽҡ˸ٽңôˣ
֪Щģ˾ٱ㡣
ٱͣһ£ôеϤ
԰ȥһ۰ɣ¶취
СӦеĵݡ
AУϰϰɵϰ塣ԭеϰҲǸвͼǮֻͼġôҲò
һϰ칫ңţ洫ɢɢ

߽ȥſڻɳϵ̫̫̫̫ʹ֪ʲô̫̫ΪһҵŮԣûаݱ˵ĶҲˣôÿθ鶼ϰ壬̰ϰ忪ףû
ϰͲһͷëһʺɥ챧ֻϷһ˯ѵӡ
ϰ塣Ƚһ
ɺİ칫ϣͷҲû̧̫̫˵Ʒвð˵һαдҲΪԭʲôҪ͵ô

һ̫̫ͷϰҺ̫̫Щ˽˶ԹϴεĹҲΪ˵ġ
ǰɣ
ǵġ
ǡû˵꣬ͱ̫̫ˡ
ܣλС19һӣӰֲ֪˭ںõļͥ£ǲŮġ˵ƷвãҲᡣҪ֪ϿεĶǼҳѧһЩмҳ˼ȲסСЩʲôǵеҲһӰġ̫̫
˵̫̫꣬һЦȻô˵ƾҲšԺռ֤ݣʱġ
еˡ
̫̫֪вģսԲһλߡһ첻;鲻ţһֱҡкϵ񲻿ܲһȥʤ䷳϶Ϊ˹鷳ֱӴ
þͲøѿ࣬˵һʮӾͲֻ̰ͼҳĹϵʵڲ֪Ůô˼˵Ʒвˡ
Ҳûϻϰһ£Ҵ绰˹һ¡
˵꣬صĵ绰ͨ绰͸ôˣֹֻ衣
ãĵ绰ͨУԺٲ

ͨʲô
绰ʱ̫̫ûżӵѣˣҲûʲôӰ졣Ȱ˵ˣ뱻˵ҲͲԶˣûԸ鷳ڡʼɵĹϵԼʲôܵӰ졣ȻĹϵĶӣʲôµģܹ鲻ܲ衣
ֲε绰ÿζͨС
Աȴ绰ʵôˣ
ûͨһ
˵꣬룬ŷޥĵ绰
ãĵ绰ͨУԺٲ

ĻһˣҪȥ칫ŷޥֻȴͣ½Ųһʾ󣬰˽
ιҸæ


21 
عԨҶĵ绰, ¥ֱ16㣬عԨϰ칫ſڣ̧š
洫, عԨ˽ȥ
һ, Ϳڻɳϵ̫̫̫̫Ҳϴΰ²סõˮǸˡ
ðȻ㡭̫̫˵żشɳվ
̫̫վʱһŵҲϰվ̫̫źһֱû뿪ֻĻ񣬴ϰվ󣬰ֻһ, ųعԨһ

һ, ̫̫סˡ
, ȻʶعԨóعԨ, Ԥϵһ㡣
عԨ󣬳عԨ΢һǴкк, عԨߵ, ʵʲôˣ
̫̫, ̫̫̰ң˵Ʒв, Ҫϰ忪ҡ
˵꣬عԨ̧һ˵Ŀһ, æ֣ҿûп, һûأ
ô˵ŵʱ̫̫Ѿӻ˹, վڳعԨǰڲˮǸ˰ɣº, ֤ˡǰʱ仹ҶӾ, Ŷãھͻλ
ûعԨ
̫̫ĻϣعԨعԨĿƽһֱӵ׷ûӦԲ㻻ˡ
֮ʸûС
ԼҶӱ̫̫ͣĶ̵סɫһ䣺㡭
ĶضôعԨִ̫̫Ŀŭ̫̫ϣؿعԨڸպãЩ˵һ¡
ΪһˣعԨδ̫Щ̫̫Ȼƽһ£شô
ŮѡعԨ
̫̫

񣺡
عԨһ䣬칫ţ̫̫ȷӦͳعԨ֮أ˵Щʲô
Ϊ֪ҵĹϵ󣬻ִԲϵعԨ
̫̫ţôܣ
ԻȥɡعԨ
̫̫һû˻عԨҸ飬ֻȥʱȰһɡ
Ҳ˵һҪŵԡⷬϣȥʱҲ˵һ£Ҫٳ롣
˵գعԨһߵ
ϾҵŮѣʲôܸͥʵġ
̫̫

ţۣ
֮֮飬ԸƳعԨΪǿûбȱԼĻܵˣҲûбȿ˱ԼĻˬˣһ¾ͺˡ
̫̫ȴôˣʼǱعԨסˣعԨҰӱ͵ʲôǣӦ󣬷һعԨ
ʲôʲô֪֪˭
ģڳϡǿƤ޵ģؼҿջءعԨ
ؿ̫̫ǵȼ̣ٻȼһʱڡŭ𾪣ɻֺ̿Ϳ־塣
ֺ̫̫Ͼϻ˶ࡣ㹻ʱǰҫΪİ˿ʼعԨʱеǾ䡰
ճأAû˲֪ؼҡûнǰ˺ͳؼϵһ𡣶ڿ˵ȣ̸£һǳҵ˲е
̫̫´һ£ųعԨʵǡ
عԨûлش֣̫̫Ȼôϲ˶Ҳһζɡ
˵꣬عԨͷ΢һͷ뿪˰칫ҡ
-
ͳعԨ뿪칫Һڰ칫վŵŷޥ֪ʲôʱģͳعԨŷޥַ
һַǰͿŵͨеֻ
ڸش绰ͨʱ͸ŷޥ绰ȷҲͨУռصߣûϵ̫̫㲻ˣҲҪϰǰ档
صĵ绰˵̫̫Ҳûɿ𡣶ôΪϲ
Щʱе˻˾ÿ
ŷޥǸŮŰֽԸƯҵǿˣϲŷޥӵеЩɫҲ㹻õҪõİ顣
ƫƫȥһȥȡڱһеͬʱԹߡԹزԹȴϲء
ŮʵͦҲͦġ
ŷޥȻ칫ûãȴ̫̫ĿġҲ֪칫﷢Щʲôʱֻʶһ£ܿͻָ򶨡һ仰ҡˡ
ѵ绰˰ɡ
ŷޥ˫һ⻰Ƕ˵ģֿ˿عԨ
˵ʲôŷޥϡ
صĵ绰Ѿ鴦ˣòˡ
ŷޥ˫˽Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ŷޥװɵȴѿ࣬ŷޥԼݴǳʰɣҹȻͬ¡
˵꣬ߵĳعԨ߰ɡ
˵󣬾ͺߵһŵȥŷޥӦһֱűĿ־屬ˡ
ƾʲôҴְ㲻ͬ£Լ
˵ţȴûŷޥŭķȥҪȻʱݵˣ˵뿪
ŷޥŹرյĵŴһ
̫̫ʱպÿ־Щŷޥղڰ칫ңȷ˳عԨݡAֵطҺͳؼȶССûмعԨںȷعԨȻǳؼҵļ̳˺̫̫Ѿ׼Ǹˡ
ǿŷޥ֪ͳعԨѾˡ
ŷޥ˻ߵغһǰͣסˡһߣͷ̫̫
̡ŷޥЦų̫̫˹ղ˵Ҵְôġ
˰ɣ㲻Ұ㡣̫̫
ŷޥ̧һ̫̫
̡
̫̫ʶôŮˣŷޥС˼ܶСұúĹϵһʼ˵Ҳؼҡ
뵽ؼң̫̫ѾԹ˲Ͼͷö
ҸǵìΪģΪѰǵԭ£Ҳٸʲôϵȥ˵һ£ҲҪϵˡ̫̫ŷޥ
̡ŷޥæһ
Ҵһ𡣾ɲˣҲԶ㡣ǰǼҾ࣬ǼѾˣҲԼڵݣҸʵ˼˰ɡԼְȥĶȥĶŪʲô۶ӡ̫̫һ䣬ŷޥȻ֪ģAеУһ˵ϻģԼ·ˡ
ŷޥ۾︡һ
-
ͳعԨ˵ݺ󣬵һأ̲סꡱһЦ˳뵽칫﷢飬ʳعԨ㲻ҪѵƤջɣ
ᡣعԨһۣǩ˺ͬģջΥԼ
ЦüŶ
ǿ𡣡عԨη飬ǿ϶Ҳǡ

ԾѹƣҲڳعԨļƻѹƣųعԨĻ̾ء
޼鲻̡
˵꣬عԨͷһۡЦβǣΪ˰ңȻ
عԨĵ˵ţ䴽û˵
ղųعԨôһ䴽ǣһʧ񡣳عԨǲЦˣȣԺٱ¶ʲôʱɽ
ˣͻȻôЦһ£ڵĶ
ģعͷҪҵĻ⡣ŵе֣ͳعԨ
ֻٻҪӦԼݣѧԼѹƱˡ
˵ԼĸôǮǱǴ´ġӦԼݣ̫̫׳ƳҲ鷳عԨˡԲҪѧᷴһظҴСݣЩ㡣
˵󣬵ſˣعԨӵȥѧᡣͺá
ܲһֱ
û˵꣬˳عԨ˼عԨ仰˵ԺѧѹƱˣֻҪͻ
ôȷ飿ʡ
˵꣬عԨͷһۡ
ǻġ˵
Ļ΢գգ۾Ц


22 
ͳعԨ˵Ż, Ѿߵ˳عԨĳǰعԨ˳ȥ˸ʻλáŸһϳ˵һ䡣
㰡
عԨĳԭһɼľ, εζǳԭζ, һůĻ㡣
, ûӦعԨ쳤ֱ, Ӻһݵǰ
͸ġ

һܴĻ, ɫõ壬ɫʾ, Ҷտֻһ, ɫůζܰϲ
ڳխĿռ䣬ǱˡعԨùʱ, ˻㣬һ
棬Ƕһ
۽һ, ̧ۿŻĳعԨ, ֽ˹
ллЦŵлһ, Цô¡𣿡
عԨȻǵһԼᡣ

ȷӴĵһٷ, ҲǵһԼˡõ, ôһ, Ǻܿĵġ
ǵһԼʲôЦʡ
ڽϳʲô, л˵˵һףǳعԨġҶǸعԨԷ
͡عԨ
عԨ˵꣬üϲ͡
˵һμڶμ涼˵һ׵ڶҲڳû飬ΪҲϲԡ
-
ǳعԨ˵ͣӡеͣίʵЩһվջϣǰװεûµͧһʱ侹Ȼֻ֪š
ԣʡ
ԡعԨ

һͧķԣķڵȴǵǴͧϵƻͨͣںߵҹźʪĺ磬һʵ
ΪһԼĲ
ȥɡعԨ
˵ŻĹѾ쵽ǰһַۣġعԨ֣һͧ
ͧ󣬱λˡͧŷ⾹ȻֵֻӴһˣֻΪһ˷񣬿˵Ǽµˡ
Ǯ˵󲻵ݻ
ͧϳ˲⣬иСͰ̨ڰ̨ԣ̨̨Ǽ֣٣С٣٣ں࣬Ψź磬ʵĿ
ԵʲôعԨ򿪲˵
ŶعҲ˲˵Ų˵ȴ⣺ǴĶҵģ
ֲͧϣӴ٣Ӧͦҵİɡ
ҵͧعԨ
̧ͷ
˵ҲģԼС
̧ͷ˰û˵عԨҰ㣿
ҵɡͷС϶֪Щ˺óԡ
õͬ⣬عԨŲ˵˲ͣӹ֮󣬵ͷȥ˳
˵ǳعԨͧЩԼҲҵҲ̫ˡųعԨȻרŪһСֶԳعԨ
ϲ͡
ҶԡعԨ

Ҳ˵вͣϵȵС
뵽Цһʵ𣿡
عԨ̧һۣӵϴԷ˵ϲš
ǵġعԨӦһ㲻ϲԡ
ûȥꣿ
Ц֪Ϊʲôϲô
ΪʲôعԨʡ
Ϊʮʱ򣬾򹤣ζ˵ͻȻʲô۾һҪȥô˵
˵һʱʮͳعԨԵ־ͦģûһǰʶ˳عԨعԨüΡһ㣬˵عԨûʧǰҲء
˵󣬳عԨͶ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ûСعԨǼ꣬ѧҵæûʱȥ
عԨ֪䣬ǰһ£Ҳ֪򹤵ǼꡣǼǳعԨѧҵæʱ˫ѧλ˶ʿæϿѧϰȷʵûʱȥ
عԨô˵ЩźЦǿϧˡȻǿ϶ͼˡ
ǵġعԨӦһ
-
ĵĹ½½˿ʼ͡
ڳԷʱ򣬺ٻõá֣ΪԵĶ䡣Ǵͬ³ǧ17co䲻ϣǳعԨСҲδ̫óˡǰˣˣƷÿһ˶Ϊ׼ؾѻζ١
ˣҲζϣİĴ֮ϣҹգôһͣжˡ
ûȾƶЩˡ
һƷһ£ͬʱҲˡһƷζֽ㣬۾
ס
˵̨꣬
̨ϣʱSHOһμعԨӡعԨټʹʲôӡ
ҺϲعԨҲ̨
һֱᵯѹܶΣϲûӵסͷعԨԼǵô
عԨתߡ
۾ʡ˵֪ӽʲô֣Ҳûѵӵף˵ǵӡ
ǵġعԨûݹ
عԨĻһЦ
عԨΪдģȻӣô൱ԣרŸ˵ûݹ
ҲдӣǺ룬ӦòԼдġΪȻٵòǴЩ۵ģôƯӡ
Ӧòдģ߲Լдġ̨˵꣬ͷعԨЦŵӰǵúֺеˡ
һͬòͬǲͬĸоøٵ࣬ǹ¶峺ģҶصСٴٻиٺʱЩŸ߹ǴӼϻ˿˳
˵꣬عԨվ֡
֧ô

-
衣ǰܻʧһ裬ҲûμӹᣬΨһ貽ĸ׽Ĺ㳡衣
ⷬ龰֣ˣ룬ĸŮܾܾ
֫ӲվڲԵĿյϣǰվŵĳعԨҲ̫СĵĽš
عԨͷҴ㡣
˵꣬عԨ̧֡һ۳عԨһº󣬰ֵݸ
عԨӹ֣һֻļϣһֻ˵ľһ¿ŵŵɼ
ҪַϡعԨѯͬ⡣
ԡ
һ˵ֻ꣬оһָֻŵϣϡָ޳ϸŵϣָܸܵĹǽڣ¶ȡ
һ¾Ͳܿ
һ½šعԨ
ͷ˵ʱ籡Ķࡣ¶һ½ţһŲ˳عԨĽϡ
Բ𡭡Ͻ󳷡
ʱҲˣûгعԨε§䣬סĶ
ûϵعԨ

õعԨĹҲôЩһ̽˽ţһûвȵعԨԾһ㾪ϲ̧ۿعԨ
عԨؿ
áջĿ⣬ʼ֣н
ǰ϶ǻģҪȻҲôʱھѧᡣֻڿʼʱΪҲһγعԨʱѾͳعԨ貽ںһ
̧ųعԨԽعԨڳһ¶ĵҫŹԡ
С㣬˵ʿṫ˻ҹھϹϵĻҹһ裬õΣС
ջؿߣĿ˳عԨϡӡ
عԨһ˫ǳ۾ÿߣԼǱ˺嫵֮С
޷԰ε飬ųعԨ顣
ҾáųعԨЦ
ҾһĶˡ


23 
˵, عԨ˶
ҲпضΧ²ĺɶɷӦֲһ䣺ǿӰ־ϵ˻һһʵġ
˵, ɿعԨֺһʱһѱļ, ܰеɢһ, ָƵˡ
ôعԨʡ
ûˡ
˵, Ц, ѾֿЦŻص˲ǰ, ƷعԨ, ˶档
ԵӰ־ϵ˲飿عԨʡ
ͷ˵̧꣬ۿعԨҲ־ϳֹ, ҲƬ顣
ָоʵ뱾˽Ӵĸоǲһġͱ˽Ӵʵ, ҪСġǿ־ϵƬܰǸ
˵꣬ʳعԨô
ᡣعԨһ, ˵һֱġ

عԨ, żһ䲻ĻȴĶǳ, ǲ֪ܲܰ
-
ͧϳͣعԨ˼ҡԭûε, ȴôʱ򣬸պСš
СǸպŴӹ԰, ԶԶͿͳعԨһ衱ɱȥ, ͷһѱס, ס
СŸŨҵĸУվߵĳعԨкá
áعԨӦһ䡣
СźͳعԨѾˣÿǵĽҲڡáСáǽ֮Ļ⣬СſųعԨлл
һһǳعԨġ
СŵĸлعԨӦһ˵꣬ʵϲô
ϲСųعԨЦЦ
ЦԺҲˡСŻͷ裬ʵͳ廹ô
ûˡҡͷ
СŵǻؼҰɡҸڹ԰ѧһ壬϶Ǻȥϴ衣
ղűСʱȷʵЩġСǸܸɾĺӣЩ񱣬ĻӦð
˵ͳعԨЦȻȥˣȥ·ҲСһ㣬ллһ
ͳ˵꣬С̧òسųعԨ˻֣Цŵټ
عԨСţӦһټ
˵Сžͺ˵һ䣺裬߰ɡ
С˵֮ʹӦ˶ӵĻŶӣСſȥˡعԨվڳǰĸ뿪ıӰĸıӰʧСĺӰ֮£عԨջĿ⣬򿪳˳
-
ͳعԨĸһССС軳һ£裬Լߡ
Цһ豧ţ
ûССŵ˺̫
˶ӵĻСŷСŴǣס֡СһҲ˺ɵòˣֻЩȺġ
ĸǣ֣СС·żҵķšѾϰ˵࣬ղǣҹ紵Щ
СԴĻ󣬾ͳĬࡣղųعԨڵʱżϴ裬ǵֻʣٶȾ
ǣ֣šС̧ۿһ裬ͣһºʵҲżҪȥϴ衣
ĻûгԾ֪
С̧ۿô֪
ҵĶӣʲôԼ֪Це˵
˵ʱЦСȴЦͳֿ
֪
˵꣬Сͣ˽Ų
Сͣ½ŲҲͣͷŶӣСŽüͷ㻹һ
ǵģ˻ѣһ֪ӵĻԣǡûУֻЦſЦݡ
СŸܡ
СǷƢһ˵仰ﲻˡ߳ģ֪ںƢԼ
СǸɵ۵ĺӡӲ£ˣ˵ԼΪܡ
СһСţЦݣߡ
㲻ϲ壬Һһ𲢲Ĵֻں£ҡ
С̧ۿۿѾˡ
𣿡Сʡ
ᡣЦŵ
С۾Ĺâһɣǲ˵Ҿ뿪壬һˡ
Сţ
ŶְͷŤһԣЦСţûܴ裬ҪңҲô㡣һῪʼǴһʼ㿪ʼһҪһǱҵļͥȥǨ
СŻͷֿ衣
ⷬһĺ˵ôѡ˵ĺܶԣѵ飬СŴδйΪ֪費ЩһֱһμعԨʧȥĸоСŸеʮֵĿֻš
óԳĺøУҲó岻衣֮ĳֹʮϣעҪһʵ֤Ҳˡ
һСкʧȥҪʱú˽ռɳʱ⣬һ𣬲ָˡ
ԷҪҲѡԷİ˽ΰ
С׶԰ܶСѵİְ衣һļͥǲûôְֻۡæе񣬳еΣ֮⣬ְֶİҸο塣
ͳһҲܺЩͥһɺܶ࣬õܶࡣ
ô˽ֻԼ
ںС±֤֮С۾ųĬ̧֪Сŵͷʵ
ԣΪһô
꣬Сŵ˵ͷ
õӵͬ⣬ĵءҮһһѰѶӴӵϱתȦСͬعԨᣬΪͳعԨ׶ˣܿġ
豧תȦСҲЦתԺĸǣּߡ
ĵţһСš
Сš
ţ
øһ顣
ʲô飿
ʵҸ廹ûһֻףڲһ𻹲һء
Сţ
ղŸ˵ôôظ
-
ǰС˵ǰĽ⿪ΪͳعԨָͳˡҾɣĸ׿϶ܱĸǰСŴԤ룬б޻
£Ҳ˸ĽᡣŶӺ˯ڶһȥϰࡣ
ȥϰʱŷޥհְ칫ҳʱ䣬ΪŷޥΪѣˣ̰ŷޥְЩҲǳ䶨ˡ
ǰ̨棬ŷޥһۣջĿ뿪СĿŷޥıӰ뿪Ҳعͷ
ոŷޥְӰ칫ҳͿϰȥ칫ңһϣϽȥһ䡣
쵽׷ʲô¶ˣ
ŷޥ֮ìܣŷޥ̫̫һҲˡ̫̫ȥϰ칫ңҲ֪̫̫ΪŷޥȥϰģȻŷޥְԴʮֺ档
ûʲô¶̰ңҽ͸ϰˡϰûͰʼٸŷʦˡ
˵꣬ţϰô壿
ʲô˼սǰ̨ԼԱڻԼ
һڣŵһͷʰԼĻɣǵġֻû뵽ϰô΢ЩС¶
Ҳȷʵϰǹϰ壬˳Ǯ¥豸涼ġƽʱɶ¶ܣͻϷ
ȻС£ǣʦ⣬Ҳܲܡ
⻰˵꣬ЩĿ࿴ƽΪԱͷϰ岻ˡ
˵󣬳һԵһЦٺ٣˵Բǽ㣿


ʲôǽ㣿


24 
ǽ㡱ǳųعԨе, Աϰ壬Ŵҵǽ㡱ʵ㡣
ȥİ칫ҡ
˰칫, һЦϰ, ôǽ㰡, ڹ˾
˿, ع, ŶŶԺ˽½С

˽ҲܽаϰС, ô°
ΪʲôôҰʡ
㲻֪ǳŮѵϢڸȦﶼˡǳŮ, ǲǽʲô

عԨΧ˵Ůѡֻڰ칫˵, ĸ, عԨ̫̫϶Ҳᴫ
˭ģ
񣺡ѽ

ʵ벻ԴϷëϰ徹ȻǴ͡ϢҲͰ, ¶Ǽٵİ
ϰ壬˭İЩЦá
Σ֪, Сʵܴܲ𣿡

̧ü, ܣֻʱ, Ǹԡ̫̫һԹ˵Ҽ䲻ҵĻ, Եʱ˵Ů, ʵΪ˴̫̫
򵥽һ, ˡһȻı飬ŶǸ˰

զΪѻǻ
-
ϰ̸ͳعԨĹϵʾԺ󲻻ôóعԨôǱʾͳعԨϵǳʾǻعԨʹˣܺٻ
ϰйаȫкҸˡ
뿪ϰ칫ңصԼĸٽҡջȥûãſγ̱ˡϰǽ¶һԡ
ô£ϰ嶼ǽ㣿Цؿʡ
ϰ忪ЦءЦŵ
ϰǵɵӣȷʵЩЦЦ֮󣬻Ҫȥ칫̸Ǿе㲻ǿЦˡ˵Ҳûʡܿ͸һ㣬еȻҲܿ͸ôһ⣬ԺǺˡ
ϵãкúôţͦΪĵġ
ɶʱϰһͺˡ˵꣬ʼ˵¶ŷʦͻȻְµʦҪһʱ䣬ϵĿҪǼͬʦһ£ô
ŷޥְˬǶ˵һ𺦵ģҪǺںͼҳЭ̸»ʦ飬Ĺ˵ŷޥĿγ̣岻ݴǡ
԰Ӧ
ͷһ¿αʵһϺڿҿһûΡ
֮ԸһϣһЩ˵ϵĿλǱȽ׵ġ
˵꣬ҰŰİɡ
ţɻ󣺡¶
Ҳ¶ͳعԨϰ࣬˵Ŀʱ䶼ϡҪ飬͵ðϵʱճ
԰ҰŰС
ûʣУҸ㰲ܶϺ磬ڣ԰ɣ
ѽӦˡ
-
һǽ㡱ͬǽ͹ǿЦ󣬵ȻԸоóͬǶ˺ܶࡣڹͬǿҲٺܶ鷳Ҳʲô¡Σŵ˼ҡ
¿μ㵽ңСźͺõ֪ġմӵվߵ·ߣͿ·ԵȴСšСŽһ裡
߹ȥҪСŵǣְɣ°ۡ
οض±סŶڣþˡ
أ
̫ˣȻȥˡСŵ
СźܻЦſ佱
佱һСŵͷܣǵġ
Ц
ĸǣֳСķţСŸߣ˼ֹ󣬻˳
û𣿡
ӹĸ״ЦҽпΣҲæûԼ
ŶСӦһ
С̸ͳعԨ⣬СͬعԨһᡣعԨһͽܳعԨǲ̫һģм仹кܳ·ҪߡǼȻСԸᣬľͿعԨһˡ
ֻ϶пΣûɶСźͳعԨӴ
˶ᡣСź˵׶԰顣
׶԰С꣬԰ﾭ֯һЩҳͺӵӻҳ뺢֮ĸ顣˶Ŀ
ѽ㱨𣿡Цʵ
СЩ뱨ģʣʱ𣿡
һ˶ᣬҪԵģŲ̫ʺϡ
С˵꣬ЦŵͷаûΡ
ʱ䣬СʣμΪܺöͬѧͬѧİְһμӡ
׶԰ļͥ󲿷ĸչ˺ӵʱࡣ˶ᣬúӵĸײ룬֮ĸ顣Ҫǣˣ˶ŮҪǿһЩġ
û뵽СС;ôʿȣ֪ѯŮʿ
СĵȴĻشҲ˼һ£ӵͷһЦ
Ը⡣
ҮСſȭ
Ц
-
β࣬ŷޥڿκ󣬹ҲԡЩʦżʦҪۻγγ̾ͶףûʲôϢʱ䡣
ڵʦ
磬˿Σʹ˵ʦƿ˽
˸ٽҾڸڣԹϵϴ¶ʦҲæ˼ڿΣһ˷
ʦʲô¶𣿡ʡ
ʦžһЩݵı飬ȿ˿ڡʣʦЦЦŮǰЩ״ȥҽԺ꣬ҪпΣɲæϽڿΡ
ʦ곤ŮҲѾСѧŮСЩ⣬һֱƽȵơֻżͻһЩҲʦЩֲ
ԭʦҲϹΣοǹںӵ飬ͷ԰ȻԣĿǼ㣬ҰϾͺˡ
ллʦмҵĿ㵽㣬һڡ
˵Ժʦû¶ɣΪҾڣѧҲʶ㣬׽ЩʦϿλȽϺá
ʦרŽͣЦŵû¶ѽ~ûεġ
ǾͺáʦֵһлȻԷ
ʲôЦףŮ˳
ʦЦŵͷȻ͹뿪ˡ
ʦ뿪󣬸ٽʣŸղŽʱʦ㲵ӣ̾Ϣһ
ʦҾȻʮ꣬һֱúܺáЩ飬ǮҲ˵ġŮĲŮĲȶãȶʦȻһڡƽտʲôһھ㲣ܿʦ۾Աߵϸơ
ʱ;ΪĸҪԼĺʲôɾֻͣҪĿ־ͺˡ
-
Ӧ˰ʦΣκ󣬾û뿪СеͬһԹʦѧһˡѧȥ˸ٽңͼҳһ
ŵʱֻͻȻˡ
ǸЦǸͼҳǸùֻһۡ
ֻĻ壬ǵȥ׶԰μ׶԰˶ᡣ
˶ᡱʱĴǿհ롣Ȼӿͷһ´ٵվ

ѴӦСȥμ˶ˣ
Ӷһʮо׶԰аСʱ·̣˶ʼǰжԱɶģʽʼҲҪЩʱ䡣ȥĻӦܸϣ
ʦ
ȥμ˶ʱԱ߿ͻȻվļҳֵؽһ
񣬼ҳѧڿ

ϿΣҪϿˣ˭ϿΣ˵Լû飬ڴӦģô˼ȥʦѧϿΣ
Ҫڿأ㵽㡣
ô죿
Էת
Ȼߵ鲻ýǽСǱߵľͺˡ뵽ѧͼҳǸȳȥ绰
˸ٽңٲͨ绰룬Ǳ
ʱ𣿰Ҹæ
-
㣬׶԰˶ʽʼ
죬׶԰˶ᶨڡ˶һ㶼Сͣڸ԰༶ĽСұɾϻߣԱ߷˵ߡҳźڽǽߣмĿյ
˶ῪʼǰʦǵĶԱʦ潲СԼλϣſڡ
żСѣְֱڻڿĵغͰְ˵Ļ
˶Ͽʼ軹ûԱְֱ߱ŵһСкСźһ
Ҫ˶᣿ûаְ֡
Скֺм⻰˵İְˣͷһ£Цŵ˵ˡ
ǳ谮˿û𱸵˼
СкȻоóһû˵
Ск˵ԽԽ֣СߵһСӺ˵ҸʦСûаְֲû裬μӡ
㿴ͬѧμӵѽˣ϶ҲõһС˵꣬ӺˡСн׶԰԰ƯӺϲǸСһ𣬵ӺСš
Ӻô˵ûġε˶ᣬ˵ӣǸӣμӵĶǺӵİְ֡ҪǺƽʱչˣ裬ְָҪӴٽϵһ棬ְǱ˶ǿ
ӺĻʦ˵˶ҪӺͰְĹϵģְ趼ܲμӡʦ˵һڶ
ߣҾͿ㵽ʱܲõڶòɱޱӣӺ
СűӺִ䣬˵øִ˷ѿֻ࣬ڶ˼õڶ
ӺõڼϿʼˣڶû˵һûá
Сû
عԨӵĵ绰󣬿׶԰˵Լݺ׶԰ſڵСڵİ༶
ʱİ༶˶ĶԱµġعԨվſڣﾹȻذ
ʦҳѧ뿴
عԨǣ΢һס
ǺãСŵļҳ
عԨҽܸ꣬ҵĽСޱشλվ


25 
ۣС, ְ̫˧˰ɣʵ֤ǲģعԨһ, ǻûôСߴߴŷ˻ա
Сţ
ⲻҰְ֡
СŰְ̫˧ˣֲСҲô˧
ѽ, ˧ѽ˧ѽ
˷СߵĽҲ˿ȺСţְֳúúÿѽ
ӺղŻڳСûְ֣û뵽Сŵİְ־, ô˧ӺҲ䣬С첲һ
˧ôֲӮ
, Ӻô֪СŰְӮˣ
Скʤǿ, ӺҰְ, ϶Ӯˣְ֣ļ⡣
Ѿֳһ, СҲߵ˳عԨߡعԨͷС, 塣
ͬ´, ҹæ
عԨ, СҲͷܺƽӡô˵ǳعԨæعԨô˵Сòлл塣
СŴųعԨȥλ, СǵؿŽߵĳعԨ, Сְֽ˧
СţⲻҰְ֡
һ¡
С˵, ԼôЩò, ͺͽѳ塣
СŶݵĽͣعԨδ˵ʲôֻǺͽнİְףǴ˸к
-
׶԰˶Ὺʼˡ
عԨǵһβμ˶ᣬҵĺڰϷĿ͹ñȽ鿪ʼ׼ʱûϷĹ
˶ĿһĸǰϷǰӺͼҳһ飬һ֡ǻƣÿһֵһֱӦһ֡Ϸۼӣ÷ߵμܾ
ֻܾһϷֳʤҲͷֳһˡ
عԨ󣬻ͷڡڵһӵıѾʼˣعԨڿϷ
ûкӣҲûμӹ˶ᣬЩϷҲû
ϱȻ죬˷عԨű淨ʱǰСź˵һ
ͺˡ
Сŵƽź͵Ķͯϳɡ˵ŵʱ۾ȴϷš
عԨǰСкӦһ
á
-
СźͳعԨǵӡ
˶ĵһĿܼ򵥣ӽܡĿǼҳҶ棬ҶһĿҳĿʦȷϴȷҳܻصߡҳС档ϻһĿСܻĸСܻصҳ߰壬ʤ
ĿҪҳСѵ˶˼ҳСѵ˲ȷԣҪǼҳСһУôʱ͵ˡ
ǰӵı׳Ǽҳʦҳ׼Ŀѣҳϵ˲ʱ䡣
ӱ󣬳عԨСΪȥ򳡡ղŻڿ˱ֵԼˣСϵı鶼
عԨͷСһעȫڱϣһŲعԨĿ⡣Сأʵôˣ
ûʲôعԨعͷȥ
˵껰󣬲˵һԤҳרע
ʼһ£λҳŽҶ˹ȥ
ҲܴԼҳǵ˶Ҳ鲻̫Ϊûʼ٣Ѿܵˡʱȳƾͳˡ
عԨһ˶棬ϵĿһۡĿһ⣬Ӽ˳УعԨɨһۣԱд˴𰸡
عԨ̲ʮӣԱߵĲûӦعԨѴ𰸵ݹȥŻع
ҳǾʦǳĿ򵥣ʵ򵥵ļӼ˳ֻǱȽ鷳Щ򵥵㣬ΪǰģԶڹǺɼҳʱ˷˺ܶʱ䡣
һҳһҪӣعԨܾ롣
ǿģ
иϽһ۴𰸣ԳعԨȷ
˵꣬عԨѾС˹ȥ
СŵСѾ߬ȭڲ˵ԤʱľͳһĵĺųعԨ뿪ߣȥ˽Ҷ棬ҳǸõĿʱѾд˴𰸡
һȷСŵ۾͵һʱ򣬳عԨѾܵߣܹض˵һ䡣
ܡ
Сҵļһ˹ȥ
Сŷܵ˽Ҷ棬ʦѾĿҳͼƬͬһ
ܹСѪҺڣҲתָȷ𰸺󣬲Ц˵һȷ
Сŵõȷָ󣬷ܵ˳عԨߣ̫ܵ죬˳عԨĻعԨһסСۣСʧȥƽͬʱһµ塣
Сŵһ
Сſըˣ
-
һϷعԨСǿǿϣõ˵һһ壬عԨСŵ֣ܸܵСŵĿֺͼ۾ҲӮԺϲáڳعԨʱСָֻ̣ƽʱϳɺ侲
عԨСһʲôû˵
棬عԨСŶǼҳСаμġ˵һʤǳʤ׷󲻳ϵؽܾ
ܾѡȷߵļҳСѣСţӺһСССһ15ֵ֣ӺԲһЩֻ14֡Ϊڵһıְֻּ̫˸ڶ
ԵĳɼܾСѹƣӺ϶ǸòˬǽܾĿְֵǿһҪõһһѩǰܡ
ӺС汬ˣ
ܾĿȷʵӺְֵǿĿĹǣз֣ҳСΧһűֽתȦͣº󣬼ҳСҪѱֽۣȻٲȵֽϣڱֽ䣬˭ʱ˭Ӯ
ĿƽӺְǽƽʱЩ˶Ϸ˵ֵˡ
ϷûʼǰӺʤȯաҳС׼СŴ
Сżͣ
ָСżͣͣСӮӺһ򽿽ٸõһ
Ǹղ˵һ
ӺΪһ飬Ҫһ飬ò˵һ
һҲûõһѽ
Ӻˡ
ߣôҰְڣ϶ӮˡӺ˵
Ӻ˵ʱ򣬽ҲһӺİְ֡ò˵Ӻİְĺǿ׳T¶ܿǴļ⣬ĺÿ¡
Сŵİְ֣úܸߣҲͦΣ޳ܿҲǺġӺְֿŵļе
СӵôľӺô˵淴ˡСͬСѣ֪Ȼͽࡣ
Сڵֽš
֪عԨӮӺİְ֣ͬʱõһǿҵĿֽֿңϣԼõܽš
ڽӺ˵ʱСŵС߬ϾҪʼˣﳳ£Сȴŵʲôˡ
ܿ죬ʦýȥҳСѿʼ׼СŽŵˡ
ҳСվ˴ıֽԣһǰһվţֿľܿǾתȦתҲײһ
վú󣬽ҳСǶϢԴŵعۿһĽ
п׼ãֵ̧Ԥ
ʼ
ꡰʼаֲż
һǡСܡǰһ𣬽СѶĵسڽԱΧűֽҲ
Сǰ棬ֻֽһΧűֽȦˡȦôСȦӣСŻЩεġ
ʱͣ£ȻֹС̷Ӧ°ѱֽۡ۵ñֽعԨһͬվ۵ıֽϡ
ССıֽ۵֮ѾˣպùվΪվȣСҲ˲ʲô§ס˳عԨ޳˫ȡ
Сһ첲̶̵ĸ첲պܽ˫§ס̫ţСǽһȦסСһֱۼعԨ΢ͷ˫
СûڿһԵӡһӺͰְҲѾվ˱ֽϡһԵСתȦȦתˣûֽϣȥСѶǴֳһš
ԭֱΪ˴ٽϵѣСİְҲ⣬ŮҲûϱֽЦŮȥˡ
СźӺ˹Ǿս
˹ǾսȸղţѶȻһЩѾСȫĶŵ˱ϡ
ַŵǡСܡȵһԳöࡣ֮⣬ֽΪ۵ȸղСһ룬תȦҪһҲˡ
СһתȦһȫע֣һ߻ſ֣ʱͣʱȥ۵ֽ
תתͷԽԽΣתʱͣˡ
ߵʧСŵͣȥ۱ֽתôһЩվ̫ȣǰð˰׻ǡС۾˱ֽȥãȴûõԽԽСһȥֽȴûõ
ؼʱûжעȥעӺǱʲôӡĻĥ󿳲񹤣ҪԼȶȥ۱ֽ
ͣ¶ҪȴԼôεʱǰıֽ۵ڵıֽ۵ֻʣһСȫһ˺һСվһ˫վ
عԨۺñֽ˫۷˶ڵϵСŵ䡣һСһڿն𣬳عԨԼĲϣڱֽվסˡ
һСţдСŵ֡
СŵֱʱعԨܵϵֻСѸٶصĲϣСѹãڱųСޣ˫ȭ˷ܵش
ҮӮһ
СһϲãܺͿģûڱѹ֣һһһǿʤĺڵõʤ֮󣬺޹˼ɵؿķŷҡ
СǶףͣҳڹƣعԨ⻶Уվֱ塣һַСŵȣһֻ̧Ķǰ
һ̧һֻС־˹
žһ˻ơ
СһֺСֻҲĵĴСʪȣġһ𣬳عԨ΢ͷ˴ǡ
һΪʮ࣬˽СڿعԨֹʱҵȥˡԺĻһ׽Сˡ
ôΪͿ԰
Сϲãޱ
-
˶СǵĻЦӺʹнˡԺ׶԰ҲѧعԨС뿪׶԰
˶ῪСʱʱĵ࣬Ҳѧʱ䡣СŸųعԨţ߳׶԰ʱСͣ˽Ų
عԨĳͣ·ߣ⿪˳ͷʱվԭһСš
СſͷټҵҾͺˡ
عԨֻμ˶ģ˶ˣҲ÷ˡС˵ŤͷȥعԨ˷˵С
عԨСһҽ˵һ׼ôлң
Сţ
СŻһʶһСѸлĴˡСȷʵҲøлûûĵһ
һлġСŵ
عԨĬһСţӺô
Сţ
ҵȻӺСŵ
Ұæ㻹ҪлңعԨʡ
СžȻסˡ
Ȼ˵عԨǶȵ꣬˵úеСǸĺǿҺܶòĻжСѡ
վһԣͷһ½űߵСʯӣʳعԨô
عԨŵͷСʯӵСкʵ㻨Ǯô
С̧ͷ
̧ͷʱعԨ˳ĳţҺ̲ɡ
Сţ


26 
СųعԨĳ, һȥϴ̲áСŰԼ㻨ǮݸعԨعԨȥһ̲ˡ
һһСϴǸϢعԨʣµ㻨ǮݸСšСŽӹ㻨Ǯ, ͷųعԨ̲衣
ֻһȻֻԼȣСŵ̲ζ, ȣסˡ
û뵽عԨ̲Ӵ򿪣Ȼ̲赹һձһΪ, ݸ뱭
һһ롣عԨ
̲辭ôһǸˡǰһ, С̲ס̧ͷһ̲, ûӡ
Ǹл̲, ҲȡСŵ
عԨ񣬵˶һμӵ, ʤ̲Ҳһȡ
Сţ
Ϊʲô˵ôе
Сű˵ˡȻûжֻʱѾӾܾԥ, ԳعԨŲҺ̲, ÿҺ͵͵̲趼ŷˡ
ÿζһعԨ
С̧ۿ԰ôˣ
̲軹ܳȥôعԨʡ
Сţ
ǵģÿκ̲ر, Բȥǵķ, һ۾Ϳ͵ʳǺ̲ˡ
ֻȰ뱭ᱻ֡عԨջȰ
СŽӹ̲衣
һϷ, һ̲ܴ޴ο, Сһ̲¶, СѶ̹, ͳعԨ֮ĹϵԾضſһЩ
СŽ飬ʳعԨô֪ÿζ̲ˣ
ÿζꡣعԨ
عԨشúܿ죬Сһ£ͷعԨô֪ÿζꣿ
عԨͷһСš
СعԨֻǺȹһ̲裬ǴǷֿʱ̲軹ûкꡣǳعԨô֪ÿζ̲ģ
СŶţȻǸСкǱȴ˻СعԨӣ΢򴽺󣬵
µġ
С񻺻
ǻࡣ
عԨ˵Сžͷ࣬Ƕ̬н䱸عԨûܣͷ̲һڡ
Ϣһ˱Ű뱭̲ţûô˵
С̲ܺ裬뱭̲ܿ꣬Сһڿͷһ۱ӣѾտҲˡ
̲ˡ
Сź̲裬عԨΪˣñ죬Ѿ¿ձˡСձȥӵͰ
̲ˣСҲ׼ؼˡ
عԨȱ̲л̲꣬ҲлعԨˡСŴӦ裬عԨһᣬͳعԨĹϵõ̫졣عԨĿǰ׷裬ǱزٵһԳعԨûôѺãԳعԨ׷һ谭ҲóعԨ׷󣬸ϧ衣
˶ģԽԵõԽϧСѶ
СŴϢλԳعԨ̲ˣڿ˰ɣҪؼˡ
λʱعԨȻĻɫƽûʲô仯
ҪҪһȥ裿
Сţ
-
СźͳعԨദʱԽԽˡ
°࣬˵ͣӵû뵽ڵſڵȴĻСšϲط۾һѱСš
ôҲ
ôģܼ軹ǿĵġСſһ۳عԨҪҪһ㣬Ҿһˡ
ЦһߵĳعԨֵͷ˿СšС˶ᣬóعԨʱȥμˡ˵һζͦġѯ֮ǰȸСŵǸ
Բ𰡣ͬ´࣬˶ˡǸΡ
ӺôǸΣСŵûϵҺͳ˵һ
ϲģ
ȻᵽһСβסĽ״ڳء
ۣǼС꣬¶մؿһعԨҲ
عԨ΢˹ǡ
ĿӣжЦ⻹һ˿ײ⡣عԨǾôţЦҲԽԽܡ
СſԼ裬лЩЦ裬ǻؼҰɡ
ȻͷСţЦʱˣԸڻȥô
ûΣԭҲҪͳعԨһԷġ
Сŵͷ룬Ѿȹ̲ˡ
ʲô̲裿
˵ӺҪԼлҾ㻨Ǯ˱̲衣Сŵ

̧ͷһ۳عԨعԨȷϡعԨͷǵġ
ѾԼķʽεİæЦǼСŻǸӺ
ĿޣСҲЩ
ǰɡջ͵ʱ򣬳عԨ˵ôһ䡣
Сţ
عԨعԨףС˶˵һ
ôôɰ
СŸҪ˵ȴ飬ͷ԰С˵һҪףһ¡
СŻ췦ˡ
һԷôˡǣСŵ֣˳ųعԨĳߣͷСţѯСʲô⣬ͣˡ
СűǣţͷԺ⣬̩ʽϺ˿ĴС
⼸˶ĸ׵ֺòˣСȷʵҲԡȥԷܲĸ׸һȥɣ
ǽǳȥԣû͵
ô˵ССֹһ䣺ǻȥó߲ͺˡ
Сһ̫Сְû˵ʲô˸ʵʲô
꣬߳عԨȥҼҰɡ
һ̧ͷ˳عԨ
ղС˵⼸ǼҳˣȥԶûڼҳԵζعԨ˵꣬κ󣬷Ӧ˹
عԨСġϴȥͧԵͣǳعԨԼĲ
뵽Цʵгʦ⼸ѽ
عԨһۣҡҡͷûС
ȥ˭
عԨҡ

-
عԨļڳһƸкǿĶɽϣ泯󺣣¶̨Ŀңǹ⡣
СڳСϣڰϴˡд˵ķգСҲСӵķաСűϴŲˣԼôعԨ̲裬عԨҳԷ·ԽԽխģ
ϴôϴཷߵСš
ˡСŰִˮóĻƹϵݸ衣
ллСšЦŽӹСĻƹϣϴõ߲˵ݸ˵ĳعԨ
عԨվڳ̨ԣϺߡصҺһǳɫϵļҾӷʵºͻɫ˶㣬Ĳϸס˵壬ȴβסɢĺɶɺ
ԭعԨѾˣȻˡΣֻڳѾĿˡ
عԨļҺܴ󣬳Ҳܴ󣬴ţͨϣȻȴҲϦµܰС
СϴˣعԨʰʳֻһ£δ㽡
19Сŵ裬ȻСŲġĸ֮ڰĶʵܰࡣҪһ˺ȥֻԼİˣӣһů
ľعԨҲܸ
վڳ̨ԣ̧ͷųعԨͷֻ˸̿ʡ޳ֱչָǽڷǩȥϺߡ

عԨϵϺŻͷһۡ
ôˣعԨĿƽӡ
ǳɫ·ĵͫʸΪں䣬Ǳ˽ȥ©˰ģعЩ̡
ûʲô̧üģͷЦſعԨֻòóԡ
-
عԨǳóԡ
ʳ˷½䱸СųԵѾҪİ˼Ҫ֡
ΪͲ֡ԺڳعԨҵĿɳ˯ˡ
ǳعԨģæʰ˲ͳعԨһϴ롣ϴص˯Сš
۾ʢһ⡣
СǸ䱸ĺǿСİ˼˯˯ţ˵ѾϿ˳عԨǸİˡ
ʵóعԨæȥμ׶԰˶ᣬȷʵ˽ڵġСźͳعԨദ뿴СŵķӦ뿴عԨı֡ڿСӣҲȫ
СʱعԨҲ˹ҽ
һʱѾ˰˵㣬Ҳûȥˡ
˯һǻȥعԨ˶ᣬ˲
Сĵÿ죬Ҳ죬ȷʵ˯һͻúܶࡣСŻҪڰѣָԳعԨӡֱˡ
뵽ͷá
عԨһ̺ӸСŸˡԺվڿһʱûʲô¶ɡعԨһʵô
һ¡
-
عԨ˵Ŀҿ¶̨عԨҵıǿʽģڿ⣬һľ¶̨¶̨Ϸκһӣ¶̨ǰӾءλڰɽպӭź硣ҹĺ紵ʹҹԾЩعԨһ̺ӡ
̺ӣϡ
عԨ˵ĿϿҹա¶̨ڰɽƸߣҰǳĿϣңңȥܿ±ڣڵĺں֮ϣһԲ¸ƽʱĶҪࡣ
⣬ܿ췱ǡҹշǵ㣬⣬Ϥĸо
ƽʱٻȥҹգҰͻãҲô峺ҹաָоϤ϶ǰļ䡣
Ϥĸо⺣ǹ⣬ŵˡֻǵʱʱŵĿ϶ǳعԨ
ʱعԨҲݺ˲衣߹ݸһ
ллֱ۴̺ӹȲ衣ҹֺ磬¶̨ϺһȲ裬ˡ
˹ӺһڣŨü
úȡ
عԨ۾ϲȷڿף΢˹ǣǻӦ
¶̨ûпƣ¹ҲܰѳعԨ˵ķɫ¹¸ӵףǱһڰ˾Ϊˡ
Цŵʱ򣬱𣬴ߵ࣬Ǵ߳
ֲһعԨģȵģߣĺ
ֶһĶˡ
ĶڳعԨͷʱȻŴʶջĿ⡣ڸǲĿƮһ䡣
ᾭ￴
˫ŲţƷɣ̺˵⻰ʱ򣬻ͷһڲ衣
عԨ̺µ壬Ӧһ
ûµʱԼ
ĻͷЦʵûкͱһ𿴹
عԨûС
ǰŮأʡ
عԨ̧
ҲԼȲˣôʵⶼô֣֪Ĵ𰸡
عԨҲųعԨ˶ţǻá
ֻ㡣عԨ
ǿ˻
ڳعԨ˵عͷűأµĴһ
عԨµ۽ǣڱϵһҪ㿴
ͷʲô
عԨߣŮ˵۹ڴǹ⡣عԨֻóһš
ⷬ۾ڴʧЦҿ㷢š
飡ҹһ죬Ļ
عͷȥ
ҹҰ¶̨ڵĺ貵ҹ֮ϣһ̻ը˿
ɢһվ
ҹյ̻ŵҹնĻŲõ죬ҹջ䣬һ׹
ġ顱
һסľŵ̻ߣÿһǷ·ɼˣֻҹͺˣֻ̻Ϊš
ǳعԨ͸ģ
ҹһ޶û˲Ķ
̫ˣΪعԨ񱬵ơ
̻ǳعԨ÷ŵģСʱѾˡϲ̻ŵһɲǣѾվϻ̺ӣ̺ܿµ塣ͷ۾ҹգӳǹ¹⡣
ʹҹɫôعԨĿȴʼû뿪
ÿôعԨʡ
ÿЦŵͷ
عԨᶯ
ڻһ㶯ô


27 
عԨ, ߵ̻źĻˡ¶̨±¹˺ڰɫ˾˾£̧, ۽
СŻ᲻ˣ
, תͷ˿ڡ￪һյСҹƣɳܿСӰ
عԨͷ, ĿȻ, ֻ, ı֫佩Ӳǰ, عԨҲͷ˿
ӦûС
˵꣬عԨعͷס°ɡ
̧ͷ
Ѿŵ, Сûѵļпһֱ˯Ҫ˵ڳعԨסҲûʲôӹ, ĿǰǽӴ׶, ˵ĸ׻ͬѧ, Ҳѡ
˰ɡܾ˳عԨĺ⣬˵, ߽˿, ֱӱؼҾͺˡҪǲȥ, ᵣġ
˵Ѿ˿ɳǰ, Сһſɳ˯Ҫȥ, عԨѾǰ˫۰˯Сű˻
ѾЩС, ˳عԨ, ˯Ĵ, ŽСɰ˵ıȻаȫ, Сһë׵Դ˵Ļ˲䡣

СźͳعԨദ˰죬ԿСһʱ̫ܳعԨҪ֪ԼڳعԨ˯ô𣬲֪ʲô顣
ŵĹѾóֻŶӡžžƬ
ͻȻĶعԨʱ˼Ѿָ糣̧ͷһЦʱСſ
عԨ⣬˵ͷá
-
عԨĸ˼ҡ
һ·ϣС˯ţҲûѡعԨ˳ţСţС
˻ȥʱѾŵˣСûʲôˡ¹ͶڵϣС̻СͶһЩӰ˵Ӱصһ
ڳعԨߣŸɾĵ棬ڶǻšŵϵӰ˸ߴŮϸﻹŸӣһܰҲڴĻ档
СŻỬ壿عԨ
Ӱл񣬿عԨͷţѧᡣ
ʱԴȥѩعԨӦûϲ
̧̧
عԨô˵СһȥҪһСŵҪ˵ĥϺǢҲҪعԨԸһ
ãʱȥͷ˵ڣѩɣ
ڻѩعԨ
̧ͷ֪Ķ
šعԨԼġ

Ǯ˵Ŀ󲻵֪𣿾ǸҴС㣬عԨĺԻǳԽ
һʱû˻Դ̻󣬳عԨǾԺͱҪĬЩ
عԨҲûʲô⣬ûΣһԷô
ǽӴ׶Σһʱͻһ顣عԨô˵ʱûʲô̫ĸܣǽعԨôһʣЩš
һ£ͷ԰
عԨ°ȥ㡣
ͷá
ڵĵԪСſڲԶСӾܵӣͳعԨ˺ܾܶԺ󣬲ŵҵĵԪ¥ǰ
ҵˡ˵Ԫ¥ǰͣ½ŲͳعԨ˵һ
عԨҲĽŲͣ£վţعԨû˶˳ĬӣһЦعԨСţֱ۵
ұŰɡ
ڳعԨ˯ţعԨϳ³ڱôһСΣСȫûѵļ
ǹаȫ˯ùġ
˵ֱ꣬ۡعԨСŵݸӳعԨĻﵽĻŮͻ˵ҪССЩ̫ӦΪζ̫Ϥ軳Сıº󣬺ܿ˯˹ȥ
СһﻹЩģ۵С±ڻֵࡣ
̧ۺͳعԨһЦллһˣ·ҲҪСġ
عԨ΢˵ͷתŵԪ¥ȥ
Ů˱Скϸڱźӵʱȴ˵漴ת廹δȫתȥǰعԨס

عԨһֵػعͷ˻վԭأϻеĳ㣬ʹܵСҹ֮Ĺ徫ӢС
ôˣ֪ʲôЦһ䡣
عԨûлش
վĿƽؿãʳһ仰ǰعԨߵߣ̧գĶǰһ¡
ǳֹ΢գعԨɿ֣ӡ

-
СŻص˼
ĸڵȣ˯Сţⲻ˵䡣һһӦţĸ׼ĸӶƽҲû˵ʲô
ʱ磬СȰŻҡ
СһûѵļϴֻܵˡСźԼ˯ºԡȥ˼ϴּ䡣
խķϴּҲʮСպùתȥ˯ºԡãš˻
򿪣ˮк£ˮ˫־סǰ·Ʋס
عԨˣڱ׵һɲǣԼҪĹȥˣ

-
鷢ԺͳعԨ֮ĹϵǷ˱仯ǲ㹻仯ɲʣԷⶼһƬ֮£ܿȴÿʲô
һ룬Ҳʹ뿴ʲôԶˡ
ϰһδȹӻױ
˵ŮƵʮͨϵȴǳ͵ġټϽȹӻױԶԶȥȣʳɫְףǺĶġ
Ķּ򵥵ץˣǸоڿʱԵƽ٣ߡⷽ棬
һ۾ֱˣ߹԰ʦҲ̫Ư˰ɡ
лл~ڱ˵Ŀޣ
ʱǰ̨Ҳ죬ʵʦôÿԼѽ
ᵽԼᣬ룬ǰɡ
Ǿ~ʲôǣ˵˵ѽˣԵ
ţû˵ϰʱĳˡˣظһ䡣
ǽ㣡ˣ

ϴκ˵˲Сǽ㡱ԺûȥؽСǽ㡱ʵ
ƽʱˣʵ˵ϣҲûϰ壬ڵȴĻشǶԼţЦЦǡ
ۣ
һ˵꣬ǰ̨񣬻һЩյĸʦҲˡаԣҷ׷״
˭ѽ
˧˧ѽʲôģǼûС
ǲxxѧǸ˾ѽϣҿǸ˾˶˼ġ
ĳѧ˵
ѽѽ

ǰ̨ԵȻ죬ЩЦãһһϺűŹԼٽȥ
ЩʦȴһˡһۣЦʵϰ
֪عԨѹϵ󣬾㲻ŮѣǶһ𾴡ͷٽܣѾˡ
Ǹġüͷص
Ǹȴ˿ûеǸ̬ЩҪʲôǸ
ʲôǸʡ
û뵽˶£ѵϴڸȦﴫǳŮǼ飬Ǹ𣿡
ôһ˵ˣϴͳعԨϵʣҪϹšڵκǴβ̫һˣ뵽ʵûʲôҡ
ôûʲôܲⲻ̬ȣұҪǸҲѾ˸
ָֻһı顣
飬һЩûס
ʲôˣ
ᵽβ̵ϸߣܸʲôѽȻϢѽҿʼǴǳŮѸѾ㲻ǳŮѵϢɢȥˣãȦͻᴫ㲻ǳŮˡ

ԺڸȦ


28 
˵, ȴһһѾӡЦݣСѯʣôˣִˣ
һۣûУֻԺܲܲҪЩ߰ġ
ôѽ񲻽, ϴδȷʵᣬҴ˰㿴պȥԼ, ҪǱ˵̤ˡ

һллˡ
ô˵, ˵ԺҲʾԺ󲻻ҴˡʵǺͳعԨûɶϵĻҲᴫʲôϢˡ
-
һ, °ȥ˵ͣ
°ǰعԨѾˡվڵſڵſ߳عԨ, ۽һ
컯ױ, ȹӣƽʱһķʶǱ˸ˡ
Ѿעһ, ڳعԨʱĻһᡣߵ, Цʣô
عԨ̧ӣƯ
ллõ, ĵЦ
˻Ϻ, һųعԨͣλߡȹ, һ˫ƤЬ, ڵͣĵϷա졣
عԨٴȹӡ
һЦȷʵʶ⻹һδԳعԨ԰ȹӶЩ㡣ǰҪչСţҪϰ࣬ôô
˵꣬عԨȹӻҵһμʱģΨһһȹӡ
ܻһЩҪʢװһ¡һȹӣҲһֻᣬᣬֻһɴ˿ɼڴŴ緽ж⡣
ԴŴȴһʢװȹҲԿڼһж࿴ء
ǰûеġı仯ҲһЩϸ΢еı仯
عԨؿһְ˸ʻĳš
-
ڽʹʮ¡أӦģعԨͰŵҲʮ¡ء
ǰõģһϵꡣͳعԨԺϵ꾭ˣ˵
һ˽լģʽϵꡣ̾һʽľʳӣΧһȦʽͥԺɽˮž¹죬⾳
عԨȥİᣬһľҲӳİҲʽ񣬵ϯǰš
ڿľɫʱ;϶ǵõİᡣ
ҵλڳǱɽϣڴ֮У泯ȣҰʡͳعԨڵᣬպܿλá
ǰ㣬бɽȾƲʡϦ͸ƲʣɫĹâڰĲԣʵĿ
Ǵ򿪵ģɽķ͸˿û⡣ųعԨ˰Եϣ紵ڣۡ
عԨĶ棬ɫʵϲ
ۻعͷȥعԨһЦϲ˵ţӺ˿ڴ裬ҵĵط
ֵط㲻Էֻſ죬Ҳȹһǳҹ
ͳعԨʶȥ˺ܶطʱŸܵóǮ˺Ǯ˻ǲһġûǰļ䣬عԨĵ̺ܼ򵥵Ǯˣʵޡ
ܺףҲ
뵽ŶĳعԨ첻ϰ࣬һװعԨĴһ򵥣ǼʹǼ򵥵װҲܱƷĺʳеò򵥡
ЩǿװΣعԨװ
ǰŮôʶģʡ
꣬عԨ̧ͷ
عԨ۾ţһᡣԴ쿪ʼڳعԨһθ˺档
컹Ǽ򵥵ѯʣѾʼԴ˵ʶ
ʵϣӦûûʸЩ󣬷ӦͷһЦԳعԨֻǺ棬ôˣôֻһθ顣֮ǰӦúŮס
ǲʶġعԨ̧ƽؿѵãҺȥҵʱ򣬸պ
û˼룬عԨ϶θˡ
ô׵ķʽͬعԨǰŮѵʶʽʮһС˵ĿƪȥѼѵáĿഥһ飬
ʵģǳعԨ˵ȴû˼̽ѯµΪ̽ѯȥ뵽ǸʱǾˣҲǾˣЩղסԼιϵĶλ
֮ܶعԨǰŮˣһİǶθǶθͳعԨĸǶôĳǶѾǹȥˡ
̧ųعԨղųعԨĻû˵꣬˫΢΢šڳعԨ˵˫΢΢ϣ˴ǡ
˵ţˮֺ˿ˮ
ڹȥȻûȤعԨù˲˵ʵ㵥ô
ţ񣬿عԨĲ˵ͷá
-
ղŵһζԻһССĲڵ㵥֮󣬾ôԺ󡣶㵥һһϲڵһǰǶβĨˡ
ͳعԨҲµĻ⡣µĻ޷ǹżСţĻⶼͣڱ棬ûȥ
ȣڸ˼˳ϡò˵عԨϵζ治ϲ˵ԹóԵϲˡϲʳʣһóԵͷˡ
ҧħᣬʳعԨϵҵ𣿡
عԨΪ˳ͣרŪ˸ͧΪ˳ϣרŪլԺҲûʲôġ
ڵĸ˳عԨӰѾúܴˣ
ǣѿġعԨܷգƽʱҲֻһЩѹ
̧ͷعԨǻ𣿡
۾ؿعԨӣʵ㲻ô
ôһʣһʱ侹֪λشڻܽ׶Σϵģ壬˶ԷĸĸˣûһӴ֮ء
ûСش˳عԨ⣬ЦЦҪġ
ô˵ԺʵĹϵعԨ˱ˮӦ
ǵġ
-
ô˵ǽͻȻعԨѣЩ֪ӦԡǳعԨѵСԷҲǲûǮġ˳뿪Ҳ׼뿪ͥԺˡ
լԺܰ·Ҳûˡ׼ͳعԨϳʱԶԶعԨ˸סˡ
ԨһŮ˹


29 
, Ҳͣӵķ򣬼ʻϣһŮЦ
ǸͳϵˡӵһͷƯںڵĳ, ˡһ򵥵İɫȹ, ȹճŮ, ӵһָ˵, Ͷ䶼Ů˵
ʱ, ѾߵߡŮһ嵭ߵعԨߣ򵥵غӵһ, عԨ֡
ѩ
ѩЦһҲͳعԨӵѩ˵ҲڣҲ͹ˡ
ѩרΪ, عԨߵǸճꡣ
˵, عԨѩѩҲġ
عԨѩҪѩ, û, ѩѾЦſ, ֪Ůô
ѩ֪֣˵ŮѣعԨһѩѩǶڴ
, Ц, Ϣ̫ͨ, ѾʼҲǳعԨŮˡ
˵ֺ꣬ѩ֣ҽһ飺
ѩĴŮǰȦŮǶЩȻʧɫǳƽƽȴ˿ûбѹȥºǳЦ󷽣˵꣬ѩ΢΢Щ
ãѩѩ֡
˼򵥵شкû˵ѩǹҳعԨģûʲôϵžͺá
ѩҽ󣬻ͷعԨʵʱô
عԨʲôô
һ꣬ѩһЦȻˡգڼٰһСɶԣҲһɡ
عԨ䲻ǵգ룬عԨӦ˵󣬳عԨӦһá
عԨӦѩ۾ָһЦ⡣ͷͳعԨǺˣˣҲҪȥԵ㶫ˡ
΢Цף˼򵥶Ӻѩ뿪ǣת߽˲
ѩĻֶݣѩ뿪ͳعԨҲ뿪˲
-
˳عԨؼҡڳعԨѣǶЩ档οƯŮˡ
ϳϵ˰ȫʳعԨǹϵܺõô
꣬عԨһۣҲڿȴĻش𡣳عԨһǵүүǹʽСʱʶˡ
ʶʱܳ˰Ц˵ĬĬһ䣺㻹˼ա
ղѩʳعԨûʱ䣬عԨѩû¡ǴСʶүүǹʽӦûԣǳعԨȴǵա
عԨعͷȥӣүү̹ʽܶࡣ
ѩڶеһ
үүûףʡ
عԨͷһۣЦ㿴Ϊǵĸǹʽүү̹ʽŮףӦҲİɡ
ûСعԨ

ȻûУֵ˵һ䡣룬عԨ㣬߿϶ѩŮˡû뵽عԨȻû׹ֻˣóعԨΪ׶һ
ֵֹ˵һ䣬ȻǾ֣ûʳعԨʲôعԨųҲûټ˵⣬˾ҡ
-
ͳԵ磬ȥʱŲϰ˵㡣СſҹиտˡعԨѳͣСſڣ˳
տ³͸ܵһ⡣ǰԺAеԽԽˡ³ʱعԨҲ˳Цſһۣһȥˡ
˵꣬ͳعԨЦЦתСſߡûعԨ
ȥعԨ
عͷعԨѾߵߡ˶Цŵá
˵꣬˲ųڵĵԪ¥˹ȥ
ѾСŻһΣعԨҲ֪ҵԪ¥ڵķ򡣽СԺСſڵǱ䣬ʱ䰲
ĳСǰֲСˬͳعԨţҵĵԪ¥ҲԽԽˡ
عԨ˵С󣬾͸˵ȴû˵ʲôֻ·ϸ΢ĽŲŵԪ¥ľԽԽĺΪ·Щ
һ·Ĭ䣬˵Ԫ¥ſڡ
˵Ԫ¥ſڣͣ½ŲͷعԨЦŵҵˡ
ͣʱعԨҲ̧ͣۿ˿ڵ¥㣬һյƿţܰʡ
عԨջĿ⣬ͷ
վǰ̧ۿɫ£۾峺ؿڵȴʲô
عԨ
۽عգգۡ
ڳعԨһʱһ£ܿ췴ӦͷջĿã
˵꣬תŵԪ¥ȥ

תȥعԨסȻͣסŲعͷԾôˣ
عԨʱô
תͷУôˣ
ȥμѩɶԣȱŮ顣عԨ
عԨ˵꣬ѩɶʱѩֻ˳عԨϾСɶԣȥĶ׽ˣȻֻһˡ
ɶԣѩ˳عԨȻҲһЩǹͬѡعԨһȥŮ顣
۾һ⡣
Цſ˳عԨɶӦúʽɣûкʵ
ȹӶֻһο
˵꣬عԨҸ򡣡
Ц
Լǳû٣عԨμɶԣҪٳعԨһǳعԨһǮҲ⡣˵Ҳ֮ССְˡ
عԨӦ˸Ҳûʲôɾܾ롣뵽۾գգ˵ͷѽҲμӣлл
лǸлعԨ˵ЦָָԪ¥¥ţҽȥˡ
˵ЦתŵԪ¥ſȥδ߽Ԫ¥عԨֽһ

εػعͷ㲻뷴ڡ
Ļû˵꣬ͱعԨĶˡͷʱعԨѾߵߡ˸ߴͦεӰϵѹȸУ̧عԨ˫ַļձߡ
գ˵ƺܴȸʱͷĶǰ
ֶݵǣȴظܵĴк¶ȡһ˲䱻ס޷
ʱعԨͷĶߣ˵ͳˮ˳̶

ס౻ɿѪҺ⣬ڣ༱ٵ
ǳعԨڶǱȵһҪ̵öࡣпΪ׼ҲпûСŷģܸõȥǡ
۽̧ۿعԨ
عԨѾɿձߵ˫֣
һ£Ӧá
˵ţת߽Ԫ¥ŵſȥ
عԨĿıӰ뿪վڵſڵȴŵݡȵһ߽ݣڵŹϵһɲǣŮ˸˵ڵתһȦȦ
ŹϣعԨʧǰع


30 
ѩɶ, عԨ˵μɶԵȻ˵عԨױ춼һˡ
عԨѡһīɫĨسȹƤ, īɫĳȹе֬, ˡͷܺںƯ, ҲûôֻһʯнһԵͷ˶󡣳֮£ŮǾƯ, ֱǼ磬, ûô
ӻ¼ȴĳعԨڿʱվֱ塣
ųȹڣߵǰ, ۾ڵƹָֻ, ͸¶Щš
ôת˸Ȧ
ĳȦ𣬷¶嵭ŮعԨĲ, ᶯ˶ᡣ
Ư
õعԨĿ϶, ŷЩЦǾͺá
ΪعԨŮϯɶ, ̫ܲعԨݡعԨ˵Ư, ǾƯ
ױ, عԨ˸ʯðù, ԳعԨǳɡ
ɶ԰˵㿪ʼ, Ѿߵˡ
ȻعԨס
عͷ
عԨվ, ֪ʲôʱһκӡ򿪺˿κУһʯʯ꿴ŵиӵôڵƹԣ財
עʯϣعԨѾ˳˵˫ֳķ䣬ʯĲ䡣
ָĺϰŪĽӿۣżָᴥƤ˫ǻס˱Ȧ˻һ㡣ԭôʯصġûоֻоعԨϢ룬ϵζɼȴȵǻ
꣬ԼҪϢˡ
ȸոյΪˡʯȻ󣬵ȴûȫķɣǺãһֻС
عԨͷǰĿߣƯˡ
Ц
عԨôˣҲȱģڿʱ򣬾ֻСƯһݴʡ
ǡǡƯƽһβμӳعԨȦӾۻĽţ֪ɶԱֵľִ١
ܾܶҪôعԨ׿͸ҪôǳعԨ˽Ǹʶãǿ϶̫ױعԨ͸ˡ
-
ѩɶһٰ죬ɶ˽ʽСɶԣֻϵȽ׽ѡ
ͳعԨʱɶԻδʼͣ˱԰ĹľԵͣδ³Ѿ˻԰ĻЦ
Խľԣɶϵľ󡣻԰ĺƯʻͲʵװΣҹҲһְ貸СɶϵŮıҴ̸Ц̡
ͣ£عԨ³˸ʻ˳šվڳſڣʱڸʻϣŻ԰ľûʲô
ôˣعԨʵ
Ŀӻ԰ջأعԨǶʶ𣿡
ղһľ󣬻԰ֻʮˣȺģϴЦǶʶ
˵꣬عԨԽľԿһۻ԰ɨһɶϵˣعԨƽѣû˹
ѩǸ̫ϲֵˣңʮգԼٰСɶԣǴһ֡
عԨһ˵꣬ˡͷ
ȷʵˡɶϣҶʶֻʶعԨһʼعԨΪŮϯΪɶôҲһģû뵽һ⣬ֻһġˡ
һЩˡ
عԨز׽仯ͷʵҪ뿪ô
ȫǻʶİ˵ĻΪһˡߣκ˶ִ١
̧ͷ˳عԨһۡȷʵִ٣ȴûùġͳعԨһԺĳϻкܶࡣ
뵽ЦЦֱ壬ԳعԨҽôƯôߣ
ô˵عԨѾ˼֣ЦŰַģعԨǣִӳסֱʱعԨ
߾ͺá
˳عԨĻЦŵ˵ͷá
-
ͳعԨɶڵĻ԰
԰ĺѣջԾڳعԨֵһɲǣϰ˼֣Ŀջأ׷׿ͳعԨ
ǶǳعԨѣȻٲ˺ккעȻȻطϡ
ôעţվЦò󷽡عԨͷһۣڳŮŮǽ
ҵŮ飬
عԨ꣬ʹ΢΢ףǺá
ⳡɶǸİߣԭǢȾһӲӲӰ̫Զҽ꣬Ѿ˿ڡ
֪ԨŮѡ
˵꣬漴Ц
ΪôһЦĨӲڸʧûл񡣸лȣŮѵǰøȦ֪
»ԾеĽŸҲʧЩЦţʱѩҲѾע⵽ˡ
ѩڿعԨߵʱ΢ر仯һ¡仯ǹһЦݣı˹
ԨС㣬ӭ~ѩ߹ͳعԨӵ֣顣
ȫİ˵ɶһѩˡѩԾС촩һɫĳȹһЩ߹ŵƷеӳζ
õӭѩһЦտ~
ллѩЦŻӦ
ѩӦ꣬ϵݸѩЦŵ
ѩǳعԨ׼ģ֮ǰѩعԨɹȥҲŮݡ
ѩһϵݹЦŽӹֵݸ߸ŵ̧ͷͳعԨлл
տ֡عԨףһ
˺ѵʱ򣬻԰µĿ˹ѩıϴһǸ⣬⣬߻ҪӦ
æЦŵ
˵꣬ѩһ۳عԨЦ뿪ߡ
ףѩտ֣ݸμɶԵҲˡ˿߳عԨס֣
Ҵʶһҵѡ

-
عԨߵһ򸾵ǰߵԷǰʱ˳ɫΪԼż
عԨߵߣվ󣬺򵥽һ·򸾶ˡ
֮ѣء
ڳعԨŵʱ򣬷򸾶Ѿת֮ͦ޳ٿʣһװϴһɸС䣬صȴ䡣һ򵥵ɫ˿ȹճġ
ãعԨ򸾶ˣҽһ¡
ҽ꣬һԵصͷЦһ£̧ͷ̧ͷʱЦݻδ۾۲תޡ
ĿϣЦðһ£𣿻ģأ
ŮûмôƯŮˡٺܾ£̣һӵȴһŹ˵ĺۡ飬˿ȥޡ
˵꣬ЦҡҡͷǣǺģصģӰʦ
ؽԼְҵ
һȥĺѣϵһЩޣ۾βζ˵һ䡣
PͼҲ
˵֮꣬ͷһۡ
Pͼ
ֵһ䣬ػû˵һɷ֮Ѿסص֡ǣӣͳعԨ
ȵЩ࣬ҴȥѾơ
˵֮꣬뿪ˡ
ûʳȻ֮ʹ뿪ˡô䣬ͦϲģҲ֪ôֻ˵һ䡰Pͼ֮ͿȾˡ
ֵؿ뿪ķ򣬳عԨͷȥǱߡ
񣬺Ӧһá
˵ţͳعԨҲ뿪ˡ
-
֮뿪ȥ˻԰ԵĹľԡľŨܸߴڵƹһƬӰӣ߽ȥӰƬӰ
֮ɿǣסص̧֣աȣ֪ǲǺˡ
֪ղ˵ʲôô֮ء
رСԿġ֮Ļ̧ͷһ˫ﷺʵˮ⣬Ρ
˵ʲô
Ů˷ʻ֮ᶯ
֮ûлش𣬶ʱص˫ҲˮһסĲĶ֮ϣȸոջҪСЩ
~
֮۵׵ǣ΢˫˫۹סŮЩµ壬ͷĴߡ
Ժ󲻿ˡ
šŮ˷ܵشӦţһ


31 
֮򸾷ֿ, عԨȥʶһѡǳعԨŮ飬ⳡɶˣڳعԨϣҶòмӡ
ֵóعԨܸҲûм, , عԨͺѺ, һšʱѩ߹һعԨ
Ԩѩ߹΢Ц׺, ԳعԨ취ǱIƵʦLeeҲˣҪҪȥк
عԨƵģLeeҲǡѩ˵, عԨͷá
˵, عԨ׼ȥLeeк
ڹȥǰ, ҲվǱߵLee, , ˡѩߣЦЦ
Ƿ, ̫˵ģʱǽ̸÷, һⶼǽءǶܻΡ
ѩ˵, ԳعԨСԺûʲôҪǹȥǴк, СȥǱ߳Ե㶫ĲƷҴӹĳʦ, ƷҲʮֲ
ղųعԨѴкʱ, ˺ؽ̸, ֻǼ򵥵ĺѺ΢Цİ, һ罻, ԶԼжڡҸղŴѾϤ˻ҲȷʵûԶ
ѩ˵꣬عԨͷѯҪԵ㶫ô
عԨô˵⣬æͷУҸպöˡ
˵ţҪߣعԨס֡ͷعԨ뿪̫ԶҾǱ߿㡣
ʹɻϰߣҪ߷ΧһůͷðȥԸ㡣
˵꣬عԨſ֣һЦѩҲЦЦ뿪ˡ
뿪󣬳عԨĿıӰ뿪ŻعͷѩˣһЦЦ߰ɡ
˵ţͳعԨһȥLeeǱߡ
-
뿪عԨ󣬹Ȼ࣬ɶŮŮǵĿ⻹޵س߿ţ۲š
ôһҲѾӦЩĿ⡣ߵ̨ǰ̨ĿƷ۾΢΢Ź⣬һʼ
ɶǰʱӦɶϵҲЩˡ̨ǰ滹мҲƷş̌ͷЦŵ˵ͷǴк󣬵ͷԼġ
ò˵֮θڶС࣬˰Ʒͱˡعͷȥ˳عԨķƺǲĿ⣬عԨҲ̧Ŀһԣ۽һ䡣
ЦعԨҲͷͼ˽̸
ǵһμĳعԨվڼм䣬ƽǫͣ˵ʱҲΧȴͬƵƵͷк̬֮ɫ
ˣʵǹˡ
С㡣
ųعԨյʱ˽һعͷȥվλŮʿ¡
ǺáòЦŻӦ
кλŮʿдŷɫǸһ۲̨ϵĸ㣬ѩרŴŷĸʦƷζ԰ɡ
ԷǺһģͷһ۲̨ϵĸ㣬ͷȷʵ
˵꣬ԱǸźɫŮʿЦһȻСͶһ㣬ϾԺ󶼲һлˡ
ɫ˵꣬ͷɫһۣ˽һЦ

˵ЦʹУҲЦıĺͿ˵Ƿȷǵѿġ
ŮˣϵѺѾȻ˲ûоʹ˴סûз󣬷ɫŮʿԺɫŮʿС·ô˵СǳŮ飬Ʒóˡ
˵꣬ɫŮʿѾΣЦŵСֶ˵ãóŮ飬óƷСһ԰ɣС㡣
Ů˵꣬۲һܣʵСɶô
ѣѩɶϣҪ˳ͻ϶ÿ
Ȼ˼ѣ˵ʱɫŮ˴ʱɫҲѾ
ôֳСɡ
Էô˵һ䣬Щˣʵʲôˣ
̬Ȼǵ棬ʳʱΧҲЩע⵽ߡɫŮ˿һܣһ·ɫŮˡɫŮ˲
֪ѩɶԣ㻹ҪΪŮϯⲻֳʲôɫŮ˵㣬Ůԭѩġ
ʱˣѩ򱧲ƽѩԳعԨкøУɶԣ˸պŮ顣˭ϰ·ɱҧ𣬻ѩ̣ǾͰѴֵͷϡ
ˣҪô˵ֳӦǳعԨ֮μⳡɶԣǵĳġ
߸ϵһ仰÷ɫŮŭЦ㻹Ǹ˵˭ֶ֪ΣɢǳŮѵϢ¶ֳ塣һȥȺͳ˹ϵְԼøɸɾβμɶŮ飬ֶͬΡ㾹Ȼ˵ǳģôҵģ
ⳡۻŮŮǵܳΪعԨŮ飬ȻʲôֶΡǰʱȦﴫǳعԨŮѵ飬Ҳڱ̡ǵ֪һƽƽŮˣܵõعԨȻĻȴǳعԨһеԭﶼ
ǰһҪڣļһֻѹסˡ˵Ŀļͷĵ¶º͸Ҳһѹŭ
͵ػͷعԨѾվߡǽȫ£Ļ̧ųعԨ۽һ
ǽ̸ʱ򣬳عԨԭǱߺͽҵļ졣ļ϶عԨ΢ɫǴϽ̸˹߹ʱպɫŮ˵Ƿ
ڳعԨʱɫŮϸ߸ϵıѾųعԨ棬ǲ˷ġڳعԨվߣҪҲٺӲա
˵ôȥͷҪ뿪ʱعԨ˿ڡ
ȷʵҵŮġ
عԨһڣɫŮˣΧղſֵˣĿҲˢˢųعԨ˹ȥ
ղŷɫŮǷģڳعԨԽ⡣ֶŮ飬عԨģعԨ
ڴζܣɫŮɫҲʮѿǶԷǳعԨҺͳعԨ˵ʲôֻС֪ͣˡ
ԣɫŮȻùղҲģڽɫԻҲ֪ղжôѹˡ
עһУû˵
ȻɫŮô͹ȥԺ󣬾ҪߣɳعԨûо顣
ղ˵ȦﴫŮѵġعԨʡ
عԨڣɫŮ뿪Ҳ޷뿪˳عԨĻӲͷƤһֿۣһģɵصȦġ
鷳㵽ʱȦ˽һ¡鲻ģҴġعԨ˵
عԨ˵꣬תͷ
ڳعԨ仰Ҳ˳عԨعԨʵǲ̫ҪʲôŮûУαȦﴫϢ
ɫŮҲعԨ˵ˣŵؿΪʲôôСŮѣ
عԨǡ
ɫŮĿЩǳعԨ¾仰ô˵
ŮΪûнҵ׷󡣡عԨ
˵عԨһ٣ͷߵһ

̧ͷţ
ҵŮôعԨʡ
˵꣬񻨰һؿ۽£˵ͷ
ѽ


32 
عԨŵ̬, ڱףܡѩɶ, һµ¡
عԨǣ֣ص˸ղĵط
ӦѸ, Ӧ, еµġعԨȥ, ÷һ, ѩ˵ɫ, µعԨǽŮѸʶˡ
ǣסֶ˶عԨסֵġСһ, عԨͲ, ͷһۡ
ûʲô飬ͳعԨĿ, ĵ, 𴽽ǡЦعԨ۵, ˹, عͷȥ
ΪƽعԨȦ˴ȣɺͿģЩȣɺͿ, عԨԼж˻ȥ, еİȫСںصĲ֮£㹻ǿ󱣻, ûܹ˺
ɶ, ƽؽšڳعԨ׺, ɶ˿񶼸ˣɶԺʱعԨҲûٷɶߣ벽û뿪
ڳعԨɶϵ˽ʱ͸ԱߣĿûпʼôȴҲ̲סϾóعԨ˵ڱףȴôƽƽ棬˭Ҳ档
ע£ɶԽСʱʮ㣬ɶڽҲͳعԨ뿪˱Ļ԰
ɶԣȻǺѼ˽ܾۻᣬҳԳԺȺ棬ǵ˺涼ȫӦꡣټϴ߸ЬôվЦСʱҲͦ۵ġ
ôƯȫ̶ȺͳعԨһ˳Ժڰǿ
;һи˿
۰ɡعԨڼʻϣһۡ
е㡣ͷعԨЦŵ
뿪ֵɶԣһϣ˱ڳխĿռڡխĿռйٸǰĳعԨŵϵɼ
ࡰˡһϸһ
ʱ˻ֻ׶󣬲μɶԣ»صϣѾŮˡ
ת䣬˲ȶѡ
УȻһ˿ǡʱɶϣعԨڶףΪȦ˲ҪعԨǵһϴγعԨΪ˰̫̫˵ŮѡҲΪǴΣȦŴͳعԨĹϵ
˶
ջڳعԨϵߣ̧ۿųǰصĹľԣЦղɶллҳͷұ˵Ů
û˵꣬Ĵסˡ
ûعԨǹҲû׹촽ǳعԨǵĶͷǱС׵촽ڳعԨסĴȫһġ
عԨĴĴϣȣЩһĴһںϣ룬Ķݽǵ
عԨźܺõǼҲǼ̫׵ѾͷǡײĶĤˡ죬ַŰϣǿ֧ס̱岻³
ʱعԨ뿪Ĵߡ
δԶ˵ĴܸǶ̶̵ľܵԷ¶ȡعԨӢӽߣطŴ˧ʵС
һڸһ´
عԨ֧ڸʻĳϣߴѹȣһɰӰذĻ
򴽣عԨᶯͷĴǡ˾Уעӣ󣬳عԨٴ뿪Ĵ
лô˴ŵͳɳơ
ΪɣعԨΪ˰˸ѣعԨʵжѣȷʵѾŮѹϵˡ
ûλųعԨ
лˡ
-
عԨͻ˼ҡ
ҵʱѾʮһˡĸվɵԹؼ̫ЦغŹĸҲû˵ʲôǺͳعԨȥģǲ̫İȫġ
ĸ׻ķ󣬾ͻԼķ䡣ϴĶϴ˸裬ϴסСš
סСţĻûȡ۾뵽عԨףǣһûƽϵ¶Ҳȥˡ
ôţС˯ҲˡԺعͷСһڣҲ˵ֻǺٺЦš
ôĵӣԺСҲЦпĵʱǻ˿ĵ飬϶Ҳ
ø˰СŻعͷס
̧Ŷӵͷ۾ģ԰
СŸĿģʵǷʲô𣿡
꣬Ѿĵ۽ǡȷʵҪСϲãǲͱ˷ýܱ
С꣬ͷսӵԣǼűǼ⣬˵һСš
Һһˡ
С꣬ؿǰĵ衣۾ЩͯĿֺο峺ָɾ
һСűסĴӡһǡ
ϲѽ裬ֶһˡ
ϵС˵仰ʱʱӿۿЦţСű£ͷǰһ¡
лл
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ͳعԨȷϵ糣ڶ죬ȥϰࡣ
С׶԰˶죬ٽҸڵʦҪŮæһΡһ磬ʦҽԺȥĸٽҡ
ʦĸٽʱڿϣʦ̧ͷЦʦˡ
šʦЦŰŵֽݸЩƷ㿴ϲϲԡ
ʦĸлЦ£лл
˵ţƷ˳׼ԡʦʵûô
Ʒӣݸʦһ飬ЦҡͷûҾĵһڿΣȻڿˡ
ʦӹƷʵ϶ûԼˡ

عԨɶϸ׵飬һϵʱ主ȦͶˣȦﴫ飬ȻҲ֪ˡУһٴȻû˵عԨݣǴҶ֪Ѿ̸ˡ
ʦ˵꣬һЦ԰αȽ
ϰɡ˵꣬ʦ˵һ䡣
̧ͷʦ
еĿʱֻʦļοʦҪٽڿβɶʦ֮⣬ûκνһʦæεĻԭʦҪ´ġ
ʦסӣЦҽĵûΣȻҲûΣպÿϡ㿴ĻûˣھͿȥˡ
ʦ˵꣬Ӧ
Ŷ
ǻͦĶġ
漴ʦŮնϲҪȥ㻤ô
áʦְأ춼ùȥ
Ȼʦô˵ҲûóҧסƷףЦŵǺãǾͰˡ
ʲôʦЦŻһ䡣
-
̶ôεʦ뿪ĸٽҡϵĿζʦˣǴоûʲô¶ˡ
ٵϣһƷóֻعԨ˸绰
ͳعԨȷϵ󣬳Ľǣ˷ܵðҹû˯⣬ǰûʲôͬ˵ǸǰһɣЩ̫һڣڸعԨ绰ʱûƵѾЩ̫ˡ
ιعԨһ
꣬ǱһЦĿɢҲЦ̸ǲһġ
ôˣعԨЦһ䡣
ҪҪһԷʡ
áԼعԨӦʵ㼸°࣬ȥ㡣
عԨ˵꣬һЦھˡأ
˵꣬عԨĬһһæ
ڲ㣬һϰ˿϶æ
عԨô˵ӦһŶҡ
ҪôعԨʡ
ϣųعԨ飬۽΢΢һ


33 
ǵһعԨĵط
عԨĹ, еòԶҲAнȦһռ˴ö㡣ֱ, µ, ؾǳعԨƹҡ
عԨĹƵģһҲǹҵڲƼԼкʵøв, Ϊһִչݡ
մӵ, ӭŮ˴һǳɫְҵװŵβǸʽò΢Ц
Сô
ͷǵġ
ŮЦݼ, ãǳܵݡ, ڿ, ȴȥİ칫ҡ
ݽ, ΢һͷ, , 鷳ˡ
̫ˡһЦֶСɡ
Ű, ˳عԨĹҡ
͹ⲿȣڲҲû裬ڰ󣬹۲Źҵڲڿߵ칫ʱ, Ų, ˻ڿĳعԨ
ҵĻǷʽ, úصĸȴܿĻ档ĲʮˣڻԲϣعԨΪ׵λãŻҵǰչʾĻ
عԨڹϴĹװʹţҲܿóõװ޳ͦε࿿Բԣһ֧Աʣǽڷָûʶűʸˣһûһµţƺ˼żԱָһĻϵƷĸ߲ţñʼԱԺ޸ġ
ǹһĿǸĳһݣӰӵ㣬޶
ҵĻ鿪úܽţĿڳعԨϣһֱûƿеĳعԨԾǸȵģڳУֶһֹİȫС·ڣָ㣬µ˾֪νС
ǿ˰ĵС
ûȥųعԨĹĿıӰһŰȥ˳عԨİ칫ҡ
-
عԨİ칫λڴõĶ㣬һ˵İ칫ǸƷλ֡ҵһ԰ǳعԨİ칫ڻ԰ַһԴĸо
عԨİ칫˵ǰ칫ңһ׸߼Ԣټİ칫͸ش˰칫ңպ˰칫ߡ
칫ҷ˰칫ϢÿֿԣԼҲġ
عԨİ칫Һ󣬰ݾ뿪ˡİ칫ڳعԨİ칫棬ʲôҪʱӦ󣬰ݹ˰칫ҵš
³عԨİ칫ֻʣԼ
ǵһعԨĹңҲǵһعԨİ칫ҡʶһֱǳعԨȥĵطȥؼңǳعԨӴ˽˳عԨİ칫ңǵһδ˳عԨ
ȻǵһδعԨ磬ĸоȴİ
칫ҵɫɫĺڰ׻ң෴ľǳɫشͶ£ɫɢůζ
칫ҵĿռƵúܿտ㹻ů칫ůУ΢΢㱣չĹɢڰ칫ԣеĸо
ָоûгãͱ칫ſڴĿˡع񣬳عԨվſڿ
ĿӣЦعԨҲ֮һЦ˽
ˣӰ칫ڵĸ̨Цʵ
ԡعԨӦߵߣͷȺܾˣ
ʼ磬ĿŰ칫ҵûУҶûιİ칫ͻˡ
ĻعԨ̧ͷһ࣬ιۣҸպûЩҪ
˵꣬عԨԽߵ˰칫ǰˡ
˵ƺָܴ޳̧ͷĶ̫оǰ϶ΡӡгعԨǵһͷŻڷӦ
ǻӿϵͷһ۳عԨعԨڵǰĿרעؿĻڶƷ޸ġ
Ȼİǿ󣬹еǱһζ
ͷϻ˵Ĵк¶ȣ̧ԼղűعԨͷЦżڳعԨİ칫ҹ䡣
-
عԨİ칫Һܴ󣬿ٴİ칫ҲвιʱڳعԨ칫Ϲ˰СʱûùˡϢ칫ĳعԨڵǰš
칫һƬͽͽʱΪɳϣԴʼ
ϵĹδɣعԨĿԽĻһĻɳϵ
عԨһ
ͻȻһһ͵ػ񣬻ͷ칫ĳعԨӦһ
عԨڰ칫ϣš

عԨô˵һ䣬شɳվߵ˳عԨİ칫ǰһ۳عԨĵĻæˡ~
û˵꣬ϸһֻ֣һ˫ʧȥƽ⣬ص˳عԨ˫ϡ
ۣûѹµܴѹعԨҪվǳعԨ˫۰£䣬£սǱѹĺ࣬󱳺ͳعԨŽһ
䡱һ
˵ţǳϣܸܵ¶ȺʹУȣӲЩɣҲЩ
ʲô
꣬ԼԼЩһ١عԨԼĻ򢿿ļϣղ࿪˫Ķߡ
㡣
˵ͳ΢ƣùĶߣҵƹʱû˷
ӵˣ˭ܲͷԼѪˡ
عԨرǴϼȡţڵѪҺͻ඼ûƽ
ı֣عԨƽö࣬棬ڰ칫ϣɿ˱ס֣ס
ţĻػŸӶ־ͼ
ҪȹȥܾҪˡ
˵ŻĹ̽ԵҪ뿪ǻδ뿪˵ֱص˻ĺ󱳺˵ײһԼûˡ
عԨδĻ죬רעͣĻϣ
ʲô
˽̸Ļ⣬ܹעӳعԨӴתƳ˰죬
С
˵꣬ļ࣬һЦЦڶϣĶһ³Ѫ
в͡عԨʵ
ʱ˼ֻųعԨĻͷͣвͺãвͺá
ȥĶԣعԨʡ
ֱסˡ
˳ȥԹܶͣ϶ͣϣΨһһγвͣСŵͣȥعԨҳعԨġ
뵽Դһ֡ͷعԨʵ
ȥң
Ťת壬۾۾ﵹӳŹâ΢ȴĻش
عԨĿţκ󲱾͹ĺһ
ȥҼҿɾͲǵԷôˡ

ǻɶ


34 
ʣȥһʲô¶𣿡
عԨջĿ, ļϣû˵
𣬳عԨֿʼ, Ļһ, Ҳûٴ
-
عԨֱĸ޸ꡣ޸꣬عԨĹҲͽˡĸӷʼ, 
ʲôˣ
Ͷв, ȥعԨҳԣûжʲôˡ
عԨô˵ͷʲô㶼
عԨǡ
Ц, Ϻ
˲عԨû߲ˡ
Ӧ, Ҫ˵, һڿ, عԨֱ
عԨΪҪλվ, ô, ˿ûļ󡣵۹䣬·һ, Ͱڿձ
峴ݫġعԨѡ˸߲ˣͷô
ڿձŵЦŰס˳عԨƣԿ, 
ǳعԨû, ˰칫ڵĸ߽סͿ, ۿųعԨҪţҲסѡ
滹˰
˵꣬˳عԨЦһ㶣ûȣ˵ǾĴϡ
عԨİ칫Сʱˣ˱һ𣬻ûôܵĶһһ£˫˵ǣЩվȣץסǰĳ
عԨüᣬͻȻŨУ۾ųعԨڵ˫һݣɡ
ԼҪڳعԨˡ
ڳعԨûǰͣǡ˵ĴĴǱǼ⣬ĶߺͶߡ
߰ɡعԨɳơ

ҪӲѹ׵ġ
-
غͳعԨ뿪İ칫ңݺֻǵͷ˵ټû˼̧ͷҴҽ˵ݣͳعԨһ뿪˹ҡ
˽ҪԵĲ׼ʳˡعԨȻԼڼﲢûֳɵʳġ˳вɹȻһȥ˳عԨļ
ȥǳعԨĺ߱ϴѾһΣҲûôİˡعԨʳĽ˳Ҳһȥæ
Ǻ㣬Ϻ峴ݫģعԨ˲ˣ׼һḻӪ
عԨʳĺȻһһ¼ҾӷԭװӢУžӼУַ񣬳عԨԦࡣ߽Ŀһȡ
ȼ䣬عԨѾ߽˳̧ڣ¶󣬿ʼϴҪյ㡣
ˮæµվһԣʵҪæʲô
һһϺ̫ζعԨһԱߵĹݫĺͲϴһ¾ˡ
á˷Ը߲˿ʼϴ
˽ȥĳǾƷУݫǰõģ˸ϵҲѾɾֻҪˮ򵥳ϴһ¾ͺá
ֿ٣ϴ߲˷ŵһԵĿظЩû¶ˡ
УعԨæµöࡣ⴦ʳģһҪղˣǹͳԷģܲܿųعԨԼһæµ뵽һ۳̨ϷõĹϺ˳
һϺ߰ɡ˵
˵ŵʱĳعԨͷã˵֡
⻰û꣬ѾװϺĴӡһϺˮأϺһȥǽ͹ˮĽһ±˸

ˮͣϵǲֻۡôЩˮһ½ϣʱʪ˴Ƭʪ˴ƬͬʱϺӱĵϡ

ôǿ
Ÿ˺װϺĹڵǳعԨ˹ֵ̧ϱĵϺͷһ
ʪˡعԨ
´ǰɫѩ·ʪ·ɫҲһĿȻ·סķɫ
عԨһ˵꣬ʶͷһۣǰ·Щʱ򣬳عԨѾĿתһߡ

ʲô¶
ʪˡظ˳عԨĻô죿
·ķ羰ѾعԨҲعͷͷ룬ȥϴ裬·ȴҵġ

ԭúõԼΪĲСģһôȵľء˶ˣʳҲ׼ˣܲΪ·ʪˣ˾ͻؼҡ
Ҳֻˡ
ͬ⣬عԨšˮͷϴϴ֣ȥҷɡ
˵ţعԨȥķ䡣
-
ȷʵعԨļңǳعԨķȴǵһνعԨңԼ࣬ǳɫɫȥᡣڽعԨһ̣˳عԨĻζ˿Ϸذ£ˡ
ԡ档عԨָָԡҵķ򣬺һϵ·ϴñߡ涼ҵ·ɾģŴ
ųعԨָķȷԡҺñλá
عԨЩͷһǰڸʱѾɿ·֡ڰɫı͸ѩǰ¶
عԨ˫΢Ŀ뿪̧ͷҳȥˣڳʱҡ
á
˵꣬عԨƿߣת뿪ҡ
عԨ뿪ʱҵšҵһرգҲ˿ӣʵЩǱ̫óعԨ
ѵ߽ԡҡ
عԨԡȫԿǸ˵ԡңɾԡϴһϣһ³عԨԡ¶
һֱΪعԨˮϲɼû뵽ԡ¶ζһ꣬ҲȫǳعԨζˡ
֪ΪΣЩɬ飬ϴ󣬹ԡϽȥ˳عԨñ䡣
عԨҷǳ󣬶ҵĴ󣬲ǱôǬĴ߽عԨñ䣬ñ䶼춥ķôˡ
ڷųعԨȫ·ͬɫϵͬɫװ֮⣬ͬɫϵͬɫͬ£һӦȫññȴơ
ԡۣһѡѡû˵ñ䶼ܷѡ֢
̾ΪֹزιųعԨñ䣬һҲҪ·һڼԷװȻáߵعԨҾӷķΧһɫT
óѵԡ۰Tˡ
ͳعԨŷǳԵͲ·ҲִֿTͷһۣTȸ£ס棬ô°·ˡ
Ȼˣ˹ĵģǾȥԼĶ̿ϡ
·ҲûñôתҪ뿪뿪ʱT½Ǳղŵ¹ŸסˣǰһͷһۣT¹
عԨ¹Ƿǳ˽ֹƣȻҲʮ˳Tʱ¹ҲһЩϵ¹ţ¹Źϡ
ڹعŵһɲǣ·¹õᡣ
عŵĶһͣסˡ
һǸеˣһɫϵƤᣬôĵطֻżȻôһۣĿǲܻġ
֪Ϊξôˡ
հ׵УڿʱǱһ¡ĵطʲôӰ¶˳
ģңûʶ䣬ǱɫƤ˳ȥ
ô
һ¶סˡ
洫˳عԨжȻ˹
ڸ
ǳعԨñ䣬ǳعԨᣬȻص˿Ȼ˳عԨͬȥá
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
عݺݵԼһѡӵվְ¹ŹϣĳعԨ˵һ
ˡ
˵꣬뿪ñ䡣


35 
ûº, ñȥʱ򣬻ԡˡعԨվñſڣ˹ԡ˰T, T̫ڶڵСۡ
ϰı, °򿪷ŵöࡣTڸǵ˴ȸŮ˵˫ϸ޳ֱ
ԡ, ڸסϰ, °վñŵĳعԨЩ˼ص˼, ϴЩ
عԨĿ̧, ӣЦ, ۽һգ۵ƽ, ˡ
ۡô죡ȣְԡ, ȥԷ
ôһ, T°ڱԡϴ˴عԨĿʶرȥ, Ŀ, ͷһ

ᡱú͸ˡ
ҡԡ³˳ָܿǲסʱ, عԨȥ, ſˡ
ʰֱɡ
Ļ̧ͷ, ֻͦεıӰʧſڡŹϣֻʣһˡ
ոϴ裬Ҳпյֳһ˵ղԼǸӣеܻӭҪͨˣ˵͹ȥˡ
뵽һ۳عԨĴ
عԨĴȥִֺ˯
뵽
ǴһжȻѣ̧һ̫ѵԿǡۣǲǷˣʲôأ
ԿǣЩĿִֺֿ˯Ĵ
Ҳûʲôɣ
£ҪЩ˯Ŵϵġ
ҧסЩĴ
ԣǲԾȻ£ȷϵ˯һŴϣδЩ̫֮˰ɡ
뵽ʱֹջĿ⡣˹ԡȥԡҴº¡ôһĺ˼룬ҪԷһϣתͷñ俴Ǳˡ
-
عԨһ
ԼģȫûԱָӣҲûѯʣĲˣȴʮֺĿζ
̵պãζҲζֳĸķ˵ϤСһں㣬óԵͷҧĴָԳعԨ޲ڡ
ٷ̫ˡ
عԨڲ棬ʵϲԣ
šͷ
ͷʱعԨոհһֻϺõϺһСعԨСԱߣָֽԺ
ڱʳѻعԨ仰־ѻˡνİ飬Ǹ̸ʱңҹһһôعԨҲϸˮ
챻ˡ
ȻƫƫعԨԼ˶֪⻰Ҳֻƽһ˵˿ûֿǸУǸ˾ͨϡ
عԨ˵û˵̧ͷһۣҲڿ۾ﷺɫһ⣬عԨĨסӡ
ôˣ
β䡣
ջĿ⣬˿ӼϺԳعԨЦŵûʲôָֻооղǷǰ
عԨû˵
˵ѾЦʵûйָо𣿾ʱھһ飬ǻ㱼䣬ԼǰҲ
djvuعԨ
عԨͻȻðһ䷨ģעһתߣäɶ
ʶعԨѧоΪղžǷǰʵ۾ȴԴϢ죬ɵϢ

Ȼпѧݣ
عԨ꣬һû̧һۣҲڿЩ۰Ͱ͵ӡعԨ΢򴽣Ҳй
˳عԨĻЦ
пѧͦõģǳعԨ˵ԼûĻӡعԨ˵Ҳй֮ľ
-
˵ͺܿ꣬ͳعԨһʰ˲ȥϴ롣Щصɳϡ
ôһͣѪҺеθЩ˯ĸоɳϣ۾˻
عԨϴ󣬻ϴ˸衣һٷҲЩϴ裬عԨȥˮ裬صʱɳϣѾ˯ˡ
裬عԨߵ˿ɳǰ
ɳỴ̄պù˯ġڳعԨϴͷҲûɢһԡɫĳɢڽ׵TϣɫԱУĴˮ죬š
عԨѲ豭ŵһԣ΢Ŀһ䣬Цۣ˵Ĵϡ
ﾲĵģɼһڿɢϢȵңͷ΢𲱾عԨߣǵĶߣĲϡ
ɳعԨ
Удһ˿ű顣ȷϵͳعԨǵĴ̶ȣ˿Ũ⵽Ѿһܾõ¡
Եֺϰɡ롣
ˡعԨɳϣϡղŽǣͱˣѺʹɳͳعԨŲ豭ɳϺȲ衣
شЩͷһۡΪƵڵѾعԨһյСҹƣƹů
µAУӭһ̨磬̨ǰס
ˣ˷οХ裬ɰƽ
İһǳ顣
ڳعԨȲһŴ⡣һ꣬ӳعԨɳ
óعԨעϣֻɳЬߵ˿һǡ
Ǹطһ̨żܸ١
ٵϺָټϣһ𣬳عԨһ̧عͷЦŵ
Ļӡ
ǰӵʱ뵽¼ŵǽ쿴һ꣬Ҳͦʵġ
ش⣬绹ںХĴŲһƬټտķꡣ
γһֹ¶
عͷȥͷټָټķ衣
ϴعԨҲܸ٣ΪǸ裬ǽ쵯һ£ټ֮˿˾ʹ
ôʱ򣬳عԨߵ˸ԱߣͷһȻߡ
Ѿൽ;ͷعԨعԨָټϣָ£ټµںһ
΢ۡ
ĸعԨϲһע⵽ҲΪӡͧϳԷعԨòֶӱӡףֻᵯ٣ôȻҲøٵӡ
ⲻ⡣
ǣعԨúԽ˫޳ǽڷָȷÿһϣ֮⣬ĵһ˺
ԭžֹ¶ļ£ú
ߵĳعԨ˫ֲ֪ͣˡ
ͣ£عԨͷҲͣ
ĸ˵ֹͣʧˣտĿֱ谵͹¼֡ǰĳعԨ
djvu
عԨ˫£ʲôᷭӿ
ѧ䷨ǳعԨղڲ˵ģģѧ˳
ѧ󣬳عԨû˵Ц
ҾøղҲʶ
϶ӾʹԵϢûкͳعԨҹĿӡ
˵꣬عԨһ
عԨûлӦѧʣЦЦţһʱЩΡȻعԨ˵ûãϾһ˵ʣȷԼǷ˵ȷڳعԨǲǺš
˵ǲǲ̫ԣʡ
˵꣬عԨվ

عԨûлشվûͣ뿪ߣתҡ

ôˣΪ˵˸ʱطŰɣ
ûӦʱعԨѾ۷˻ߵǰû£վͷ
˵Ŀͷӣʵô
û˵꣬ʣµĻ˳عԨ
ںͳعԨļνУÿζǵ߻ءŮǵĶ鵽
γعԨûСǸɾ࣬೤ǵֻʣ¡ˡ
ǺܳЩʱ䣬ڸԣعԨһһ㣬Ľˡ
˳ǣعԨͷЩɢ˿ڡ
֪Щͻ
عԨһ٣ƽϥǰ
ܼ޸ôعԨ


36 
·ͻȻ, ô롣ڳعԨҵʱԼϴЩ֮üһعԨֱӸˣ
ع
ȷʵеͻˡͣһ, ίضԳعԨҪҪٿһ£
ίҲĴ, Ȼͦί, ҲԼЩ̫عԨˡعԨ֮, û뵽гһܱܾɡ
عԨɫûʲô仯֪ᱻܾÿһ¡
⶯˶, عԨҵ뷨䣬һ㿼, ͬ⡣
Ƶֲ, ˿궯ѹȥЧ΢ᶨѡ, ĸŮ˶Կܡ
ǳعԨټôһ, ܾͷͬˡǺڳعԨûٽһ, ȷʵǾ, ͷʱäĿӦ顣ǵǺú, ٸ𰸡
˽ָӡ
ϵ貣źӺϱڸǡղŵһûĻ磬Ȼ, ⳡгϷ
ǰϥŵĳعԨ, ۽ЦЦҪҪ
鱻ܾ, عԨڹء˵ϥ¹, Щ΢̬, ǳعԨŵʱ͸߰˿ûʿ
˵꣬عԨվָб̨ϣָѹټϣһҵУ򢱻˵ָһ
-
ԼеһСƽؽˡⲢûļ죬ʶһ
·ݣ·ݵĿγ̽һЩŷޥְʦŷޥĿγ̷ߣʦǵĿγҲЩʱҲˡ
һֵʱͳعԨԼᣬһʱ䣬ˡ˺õСţûлؼô롣
Դҵ˹ڡһֱסڳıȴȥ
ʧ飬Ժûżˡἰǰ飬Ϊ˳˵ӣĹż˵һЩȥ飬̼Ļָ
˵ֻҪ֪裬ôǰļ벻ʲôҪأ˵öԣԶʧ鿴Ҳûôˡ
Ϻʱ䣬ͻ롣һʱദ֮ĸҲЩȻûм䣬ܸܵϤܸС
ĸŮİɡ
û˳ؿӭһ衱Це˼
˵Ҫ̫̫æһ磬ڸϲԵĽ˹
ҲϲƷ䰮Ľ˹ڹû¶רű˸Ʒγ̣Ѿʦÿ붼׼һЩ㡣
ϲ۾ЦŵҪȥ
ЦŵͷţȥɣС
ЦЦᳵ·ȥС
-
һһʦãһǸԼáһ㶼ǳʦ׼ƷǼԼ׼ȥСڡ
뱨Ʒ決γ̺Сþ߾ͽˡȥʱհͽã̧ͷϲ
¶Ҫ
ٱ֮ǰͻȻȫְֱۣ˻Цһŷڿ
ĸװֱջȥȴǰһססҲûˣرסЦŵҪҪһ
ʱҲմۣҲ·ȽԺ󣬻һͺˡ
ðӵĸ룬Ȼͬ⡣
ҲС
ϲƷƽʱˢСƵ֮ģҲˢһЩƷСƵΪ̫æСһֱûиʵպлᣬĸСæ
Ȼ٣ȴû٣ܰæҲǽͣɸ˪ĸŮЭƷһġ
ĵĻ⣬Ȼ벻ĸ״ڻɿͳعԨΡ
ھͳعԨһ죬ͰǵĹϵĸ˵ˡĸ׷ǳܺͳعԨһСİ飬ò֣ҲǵһǵĽ״
ᵽعԨʶеβסͦõġ
뿴飬Цտʼ˭Ҫȥģ
ĸһ죬ЦʱҲ֪Ӱ
ЦһЦŵʱҸһЩǰʱˡ
һ˵꣬ϵĶһ¡תͷ飿
԰һЦ
ôظģʡ
ͷҲû̧ΪûӦʱŽڶ죬飬Ҳ̫Щ˵԰ɣ
˵ţĸףѯĸ͡ĸʱĸ۾ȴûиľ
ӦôӦġ뿴

һ룬ĸ׵ʱǲŸսһ졣
Ů˵һЦܰ㰡

ȷʵȻ֪Լ˳عԨعԨȷʵĸ˵ܰʱԼҲܰعԨǱعԨİİԵ÷ǳ΢
ǻˣعԨٰǸսһ죬ܴӦɡңһĸĸŮĻ²Ծ˵ݣ۲ǵĸ飬ŮҪĳڰУҪ侲طλ
ϾҪ飬ǵ̸ˡ
Щ֡
ĸеᣬĸ׵飬оĸײڱƻ飬Ϊⳡ˵аһ
ĸ׵Ŀ⣬˵Լ뷨ҾЩ̫ˡ
˵꣬һЦͷɸ˪ǲֻġ㣬ףļҲ㹻ƥ䣬һŮ˵Ѿǻõѡˡ
ǶһŮˣǶعԨȷʵǻõѡ˵κ˿عԨƥ´ࡣعԨѡΧڵѡȴǳعԨѡ񡣳عԨȴѡӦðһǧѷĻץסǷ
뷨֮飬뷨Ӧôĸ׵뷨ΪοͳعԨ֮ĹϵĸǰԶŮˡԶԼ뷨ԼΪŵѡ
ȻڳعԨвͬĿѾܾ˳عԨ飬飬Ҳûٶֻۡºһ£عԨٴ飬ӦôӦ
ͬĸ׵뷨ڱԹԺĸ׸𣬻ǰļҡ
-
Ŀζϣʱ࣬ĸ׺󣬾׼ȥСźͺõ
룬ص˼ңպøϽСŷѧԴ̸СŵĻҲԽԽ٣СŴ׶԰Сһų˹
裡
ಡһ°Сű
muamuamuaСס
СűţĲӣʵһԷ𣿡
ȻЦŴӦ
СŵпڸˣŹ~
ۣһСŵǸϽȥţ
ãСŴӦȻСȥ˳С
ԴдˣõǮԺ󣬾ǼץȥˡԭӦĸвסЩת飬Ҳȥˡ
Ǹץϰ尲ĸ˵ĸ׻ϰ춼ڵץҲɹˡ
Ȼ¶ĸ׵ģҪĸ֪ôǮȻһɡԭõǮͱ࣬Ѿĸ׵Ļˡ
ʵʱǾúõĸסһ˵ȣܻЩ磬Ҫϵմѡ񲻱ˡǺõ϶ֱӱסȻڸһϵۡ
ĲʵҲںõԾŮȻ⡣ʧɢŮ¼棬ЩİҪȥĥϴ
Сȥץ꣬ĸ׺һȥʳģȻص˼
-
оԴϻĸ󣬺СŻĸ׺þûôڹˡı仯ܻͥı仯ı仯ĸ׺СӦöܸоõǺͳعԨ̸ռһʱ䣬ǵʱЩ
ܸмǡ
һڻ˼ңõϲȥ˳СŻ·Ҳȥ˳æİæõβסЦ߲ϴɾͱˣΪŹЩ֡
߲˰װĸ׿ĵӣҲĿıࡣĸŮڳæµСڿľżĸŮһСţջĿʱ˻һЦ
õǸ͵ļͥŮƽʱڼҾϴ£ʱֽʮŹˮˮߺġ
ͳɣõʡ
£һֱǺõĽᡣΪ⣬Сӣ²ôҡҲʮ꣬ΪСһӲҡҵôĳҲжӣõһ׮Щ
ĸʵ̧ͷһۣĸ׵ͷϴŹˮ̳Ѫĭղŵʵġ
ĸף΢򴽣ͦõġǰˡ
˵꣬ϴѪĭĺõͷĸףĸɣЩš
ôõ˵վֱ壬ЩࣺǸܲˡǾٲ˲Ÿȷϵû೤ʱ䡣˽ⲻҪǽԺȥ˽⣬ɾˡ
ϵĶҲͣ
õѽһû˵Ŀ⽹㣬㲻Ӧ˰ɣ
ĸеĽͽţûС
õʱ
Ǿͺáõ˿ЦһͷϴѪĭ
ϴѪĭĸףŸղعԨʱı֪֡ΪΣָо
оõķӦĸ׵ķӦ


37 
, ҵĿβ׶ΣعԨҲʼæڻҿһᣬڰ칫޸ķ, һ켸ڹ, ˮʱ䶼ûС
ĿϵԺŷ޵ĿڱͶ󲿷ֹعԨΪǶԷǹҵһԭ򣬶εĿعԨҲע˴󲿷ֵ
һֱǳعԨİãӴѧʼ, Ͳ뽨ƵĿ, ֱңԳнĿ
ϲõġعԨݺ˲ͬ, źصĵӺΣʮ֮ǰƱҪسؼҼ̳мҵϸ, ƵʱҲûʣˡԽˣڹҵķչԽרע, ȡʱ򣬰ܴﵽĳɾͶﵽ
عԨʱٷ, ʮ㿪ʼĻǰ޸ķ, 㶼û뿪ȵֱߵֻ, עŴӷϷֳһЩ
İ칫, ֻͻأعԨָſ, ùһԵֻʹСʱ, عԨɫҲƣ̬ڿֻĻԾĵ绰ʱ, عԨ˫һߡ
ֻ, عԨĻ, ˽
ι
绰ǱߴģڳعԨͨӦԺͲǱȴǳĬһ¡ĬͲﴫһЦ
Ԩҡ
˵ĻعԨӦһ֪
عԨ̬㲻ĮǹƽҲǱߵЩ֪ȥ˵ֳĬһ£ͳعԨѵæô
ȻԷûҪٽĴ㣬عԨĿصĻϼӦ޸Ʒ
ᵽƷԷҲ˻⣬ЦһǺŷ޺ǸĿҲˣԭ߳нӵģǶԷ㣬Ͷǡ
˵꣬ЦЦôò㻹һ
˵ĳޣعԨƽ۵ҲδǸƢԳȵˣǶԷò⣬ҲЩʱ䡣
뵽عԨ޸ķָͣ£żɽ
ʲôô
عԨ꣬ԷЦȻֹͲ˫Ĭκ˵
һعˡȥ㹤ô
-
ʦټ~
ٵϣſ˫βСֵЦӯӯسЦţҲֻ̧˻֣Сټ~
С꣬Сһ뿪ĸٰ칫ҡ
Ůһͬ뿪ٽֻʣԼſڵķϵЦڹһʧ
Ȼعùֻ
ֻĻϣʾڵʱһ̡һ̣ĿγѾȫˡγ꣬һɡ
ʱ䣬ʱ䡣ʱ仹磬Щʲô䣬ѾͨѶ¼ҵ˳عԨͨѶ档
ȫʶġͳعԨһ˸齥ĿʱҲԽԽط˳عԨദϡ
ųعԨͨѶ棬
Ǹԣ
ôһʱȥͳعԨ̸أʱ䣬Ӧȥĸ׻СŰɣ
Լ
һְͨѶ¼ˡ
ͨѶ¼ͨѶ棬򿪺һͨѶ¼磬ϵ룬ڳĸһ衣
Ѿ棬Ȳȥˡ
뵽صͨѶ棬ĸ׵ͨѶ档ĸ׵ͨѶĸ׵¼Ƶ֮⣬޼Сһ˯춼ǣǵʱҲͦġ
ĸ׵ͨѶ档
ʵڿͨѶ¼ϸԼʱ䣬󲿷ʱ䶼ĸ׻СţǳعԨԴǴ˼ʱһһٷԵģؼˡ
ôУҪһֱģܹ飬˰顣
뵽İõش򿪳عԨͨѶ棬˲ͨ绰
ڵ绰ͨһɲǣѾЦĵصȴŵ绰ͨ󣬳عԨ˹

عԨźƥ䣬ʮֺƽʱǳʯˮͳԡ֮󣬾ͻһɳƣɤɴ͸ֵԸкˡ
ϲعԨֵʱһʮƶȵǷɵָо
šæ𣿡Цʵ
˵꣬ǱߵļعԨȴæ
Цݼ
ֻҪæعԨΪЦŵʱҲӿһۡ
Ѿ¿ˡҪǲæҹȥ㣿
ڵкͳعԨĹҾ벢Զûεʱ䣬ȥҳعԨʱ䣬Ѿȥܶˡ
ÿγعԨȻͬġ
˵ѯʳعԨѾ϶˳عԨĴ𰸣عԨѾٵվû뿪عԨȴ˹
ˡعԨ
׼뿪ٽҵ
عԨ˵һʱûָоô˵˵ʧЩ˵ǳˡƶһ飬ʵȴԸΥһʱ䵹֪˵ʲôˡ
֪˵ʲôʱ򣬳عԨ͵ҪæĿƵβ
꣬عԨǸ
ڳعԨġǸ˵ʱŻعжʧ䣬ǳعԨȥΪǸûҪˡ
ʲôñǸģȻҪЦ
ʾ⣬عԨȴûΪɣЩ
һǰ°࣬ʱȥһô
Ѿ࣬ҲûʱˡǳʱڳĺĺȻͬ⡣
ð
ͬ⣬عԨҲЩЩЦ⡣


˵ټ󣬳عԨǱ߹Ҷ˵绰绰ҶϣϵЦ̧ۿ˿յĸٽҡ
ղС뿪ʱûýҿյġôͳعԨ绰ϼȴøٽյأ
ѹЩdown
ȥҳعԨ㻹һСʱҪôĥһСʱţѾſڻصٵˡ
ָֻټϣָںڰ׼֪͵ͳعԨӡ
ȻˣԾ˳żȥ
ѾĹӲȥףָҲ˼䣬ӵӣſա
Щ֡
ǽ顣
عԨйæţȻǸɡɹؼǰȥʱҲڹҲæȥء
ǽôͲˣ
عԨȥΪΪ
ѵʲô˲

Ů˰ɣ
-
عԨҶϵ绰ûã氲ţһܡ
عԨͷҲû̧
õعԨͬ⣬ŽվſڣͰ칫ĳعԨղǰ̨绰˵λ
عԨָһ١
칫ﰲվȴųعԨĻظϵϰ壬쾹Ȼû
Ҫ𣿡ѯʡ
ݵóعԨع̧ͷһ۰ݣ
ɡ
ǡ
˵꣬ݹ˰칫ҵš


38 
ݳȥû, عԨ칫ҵű졣عԨ̧ͷſڣӦһ
һ䣬ű, һĸߴ˽߽ʱ۾ЦعԨдƶ
֪㲻᲻ҡ
Ŵ绰عԨҪҳعԨ, عԨûͬ⡣ͬ, Ǿֱӹ, عԨҲû˵
˽عԨ, عԨҲ˽, ԶĵعԨûʲô档˺ü, ϵ׽ڶԷԸϰҲָˡ
ǵƶ, عԨûʲôӦĿĻϡ
Լڲֱ䣬һ˿ΡȻ, عԨıǲ˵
Ҳֻһ, عԨͬ˵ԼЩعԨ˵Ǵһ۳عԨİ칫ңЦ칫ҵķôǰĲһ˰
ڼôʱ, ǺͳعԨϻ￪ƹ, Ϊϻ, عԨİ칫Һڵİ칫ࡣعԨϲԼāŷ磬ڵİ칫ҸƫִԼ
عԨǰ˵ǻˣֱǽȻͬ
عԨͷҲû̧ʦģû롣
˳عԨĻ΢΢
ΪʦԼĿռ䣬ٻύˣعԨҲˡ֪Ϊʲôñʦæư칫ҡ
Ҳֻһ۲Ű칫ң۵ʦڹҲǷˮ𡣡
õʦƹҵĹؼʦ˹ҵҲǳعԨڳعԨ˵һֱİãʦ飬Ǯ͵ˡ
ǻڹ۲عԨϵͼ˰ΣҲûʲôչۿҪ»⺮ѣعԨżɽ
ʲô
عԨ꣬Ǵ칫ҵĿջأͶ
ǶӼô󣬺ٻعβعķĹҡ˶δƱʲô
ȷʵ£عԨЦЦߵ˳عԨİ칫ԣ˫֧ڰ칫ϣĳعԨ
ع
Լ뷨عԨ꣬Ŀƽעû
˶ã˭û˵ǵȥعԨӣܲӦ
飬΢üͷ
ͳعԨìܡΪìܣعԨֵǴѧͬѧΪѣϻˣϵһֱܲǸìܷ˲
ôȥǾóعԨҲˡʵڣǶΪǸìܹӰͳعԨĹϵΪ˵ǺСһ£֪عԨΪιڻ
үүȥˡǴӰ칫ջֱ۵׸Щˣͣϲɥˡ
˵һعԨΣȥôãҾҲˣСҺܱǸʵǸ޹أһʼ֪顭
Ҫ
ᵽǸʱԭƽĳعԨ۵վ˲ǵĻ
ϣüͷøعԨ
ԶܹȥҲԶҪǰ
-
ͳعԨԼ㣬ĵչعԨ͵ˡ
γعԨûڵͣȣٷٵϣſ߽ĳعԨ㡭
δ䣬򢱻̧𣬳عԨ
ͬʱ˽죬ԳعԨǣǺм֮ڣĵطٷûʱ˽ֻţоԼҪըˡ
ǵ־ŵʱ򣬳عԨǽˡ۽޲̧ͷųعԨûĻ
ôˣ
ɤЩˡ
֮ССĸٽһ
عԨ۵ףӿƽַ̧ͷϣ̫ż͹ˡ
黰
ԾһЦ⣬ͷŶ
عԨ߻أҲûȥʼȻΪʲôȥĹҵڳعԨѾˣ׷Ǹɶ
뵽ЦԳعԨ𣿡
šعԨ֡
˵ַ֣ʮָգͳعԨһ˸ٽҡ
-
عԨǵһĵطȻˣƱͬǵע⡣ͳعԨţ˸ڸٽҵʦûߵǰ̨Ҫõʦˢˢ۵ǰ̨
Ҫǰ̨ȥݣǻû߳Уͱǰ̨һŮǵĿΧסˡ̸飬ҲѾ֪ˡǵŴҵӵ飬ǶЩߡ
ѣعԨ͸ˣǿװ򶨺ǽһ³عԨ
ôһ˵·ĵļСǼϻǱȽ򶨵ģֻСΧķһ¡
㿴Ҿ˵ʦѰɡ
Ҳ̫˧ˣҳôûô˧ˡ
˿ޣعԨ΢״˸кǺá
ʦͲˡ
ȻڼУжԳعԨ⣬ͶݸοȻͬ£ʶãƢԺܺϣദġ
ʱҲǵҪȥԷˣˡ
˵꣬Ů˷׷׻֣߰߰ɣȥɡ
õǵĵЦһͳعԨǣ뿪СͳعԨ뿪к󣬵˵Աߣǰ̨Ůǵ
ò˵ôѳȥѽ
ıˣ
-
뿪УĵغͳعԨȥ˵³⡣
ںͳعԨӵķŵʱǣųعԨ֣ЦŵԺҰɡ
عԨԡ
Ц
Цŵʱ򣬳عԨĿ⿴һ

ЦŻͷ
عԨջĿ⣬ǰǳȥɡ뿪AС

-
ͳعԨԹ󣬳عԨʱҪ磬ʱõСŸճ
õЩԾһ۲Թô
ô磬ĸ׻ְѶͯϵСűЦŵԹˡ
ԹͺáõҲͷʰ꣬ȥ˳
ֻʣСţСȥϴּϴɾ֣󣬸صľ
˵Թ鿴ҲûʲôرģǰСŻͦġһԴŻľߣСſһۣʵͳˣ
ڿӴľ
СôʣЩЦãҡͷûС
Ŷ֮УСҲûɶģӦһ
û˵СžͲĲȻСӡЦŰѴľСȰڡ
ȷʵҪǰġ
Сʣʲô£
ҳȥ
ԴͳعԨ˹ͬദʱֻڳعԨһСźͳعԨûôദˡγعԨͻȻ˵Ҫ뿪Aгȥʱ䲻̣ܷСԼڼȻҪСš
С˵عԨǸİˡദһһ£ദöһˡ
ԳعԨں˵ҪǳȥʱûдӦҪһСŵ
˵꣬Сţȥô
˵عԨҪǳȥʱСžͣ˴ľĶ۾εؿȴĴ𰸡
СźͳعԨദעģβȥԺҲҪһġ˵һκܺõĥ֮á
ϣСŴӦҲСŵ
˼еСţĵصȴţС˼һ̧ͷʵȥĶ
СȤЦȥHУǹϱߣȥӾˣͧкóԵˮ
򵥽һ¡
ȥãСʡ
ܡ
ѧأСʡ
Ұʦ١
ʲôʱȥ
졣
СŶסˣô
ʵСţҲüʵóعԨСһȥͦģͻȻҲ⧲ˣҪȥô磬һСʰ
ǰӦһЦſСţСʲôҵҪô
СȻֻǸ׶԰СƨҲԼĽȦӺҪ
ûССҡͷ
Ц
ȥɡСŴӦˡ
õСŵĻشʱ˿СŴӦһȥһܳعԨźšδܺúദͺܿˡ
СŴӦЦ˿ľȥ
õͬ⣬ԷҿСŵͷǰĻľ۾ȴ¡ϵĻľûдȥĬκСŽһ
衣
Цŵ
ͷС̧ͷߣԥһºʵ
ʱһ˯ɣ



39 
롣
, ԾԼȻ룡
عæСŵͷ϶Ȼ, ҵȻǺһ˯~
õȷ, СЩ, ȥֻ, ʱҪԼ˯
˵꣬Сŵ˵ͷͷľˡ
ӵͷŻľ, ûƽСΪԼ˯ʵ⣬ȴ뵽طȥˡǸطһԼˡ
룬ǳȥС, ӦòʱͿռȥղЩġ
-
С˵˳ȥ飬СŴӦˡڿСһȥ˳ĸʰţšˮҪæϴ, õæòãͣմˡ
ֻûˮͱĸŪһԡεЦЦֲ, һϴˡ
ϾҪϴ, ⼸, һ, ȥСһϢϢõ
ûʲô, ҲۡǺõΪһۣļ϶ɡżְæõϳȥˡ
ĸ׼֣Ҳû֣վ˳ĸˢϴ롣ĸֽŻ̧ͷû뿪ʶʲôʵ¶ô
С˵һȥ飬ҲҪĸ˵һµġСعԨȥҪĸԼһڼҡAк󣬻ǵһûĸߡ
ʵûЩĸ׵ģϾԭһΪڣҪ齨µļͥҪСţĸ׾ֻʣ¹һˡAУ˵ԶǼҷɢԶ뿪ɵڣȴҲòˡ
ԼʳԵıѸС
ĸȴº͵ؿȴĻش΢򴽣ĸ׵˵Ҫǳȥһʱ䡣
˵꣬ĸĿһҲֻǻȻ֮䣬»ָЦ⣬ʵСţ
ԡ
Ǻܺáĸ˵
̧ۿĸס
ŮĿ⣬õѾЦջߣͷϴ룬ҳһԺҪǺһˣСź֮ĹϵҪĥϺáһȥպÿĥһ֮Ĺϵ
γعԨСųȥȷʵôġδͳعԨ齨ͥСźͳعԨ֮ĹϵҲǼͥϵг
СźͳعԨϵǢǵ¼ͥҲǰĸףСŵļͥṹƣԺ󣬾عԨСŵļͥṹˡ
飬ĸ׾Ǹ˱˳ȥ
ͳعԨ㽻ʱѾעˡʱѾ֪ǻûоԸоǰ֪ҪиƤ⣬ûʲôµġڣҪʼһƤˡ
еģʹҪʼҵһˡ
õ˵꣬Ůûп˵֪ŮʲôͷЦŵԼڼͦõģ㲻õġȥԺ󣬺úעⰲȫֻҪСźãұʲôġ
ĸײǸоʹĸ׵ΰ֮ڣǾܵʹʹУԼŮҸҲ۵ġ
ĸ׻ȥ֧š⼸ôǿػţΪСšʱ뵽ǰŮˣ֪ԼŮѾȥǸðƵŮǸǶôľ
ֱ̧סĸס
סõԾЦţϵҲϴɾˣʪסԼֱһҪעⰲȫ
Ů˵ϼ룬ŵʱֱܸܵɣĴֲڡζӳ£ûм룬ֻЦŵͷ
֪
õЦ
-
õСŵͬĸ׵ֺ֧󣬺ͳعԨһȥˡ绰عԨϢ
վ̨ϣͨ˳عԨĵ绰绰ܿͨعԨ˽

˵̧ͷ̨յͣǹ˹
ҸСţСͬһȥҲˣҲͬ⡣
֮ǰعԨҪȥУûеӦ˵Ҫѯһ¶Ӻĸ׵ڵõǵͬʹ绰֪ͨˡ
ĻعԨӦһá
˵ʱûӦͳعԨȥУعԨѾѴµаŶ˵ˡȥHУܡعԨH˽լʱǿֱǴš
عԨ鶨ļ׼ûֵͦġ
ڳعԨҪȥʱҲЩĶġм⼸ûгȥСҲǣûɻ
ڶȼУÿ˶ĳģҲˡǵʱΪĶӺĸףѹ¶ڶӺĸ׶ͬ⣬ĶƮʼڴ
ҶϵĻƱʱһȥǡ
ãعԨ˵ļƻⶨʱ伱ʱ䶼ô硣ȥҲû룬ͷð
عԨ

˵仰󣬴ͨ绰ҲҪˡ˵ͨǳعԨȴȹҶϡǽ죬عԨȴһǱ߶ûйҶϵ绰
عԨͲĺκʵʲôô
عԨ˵꣬Ĭšһ
˫̨֧ϣЩȣȷʵЩ¶ġعԨҲûŤ󣬺ͳعԨ
ʵҲûʲôǵʱǲסһôҪСסһ䡣
˵꣬»عԨĬˡ

˵һ̣ᵽʲôС˵ΡղΪʲôҪͳعԨǿҪСסһ䣿Сסһ䲻ӦͳعԨǿԵóعԨҪ˯һһʵϣǸûסһγȥҲ϶סһ𰡣
Լ˳Ƿ˰ɣ
εЩ޵ݵʱ򣬳ĬĳعԨһ䡣
СҪģ

ôشСҪġСŲҪͺͳعԨ˯һ𣿲СҪģܻӭ
Ǹָüģ¡
û³عԨСŽһµ绰ô

ôˣʡ
ûʲôعԨ˵˵
Ҫ棬ʲô˵𣿵ǳعԨҪҲûܾӦһŵ绰ȥҡ
ңС׼ԼҪȥ춼ûʱȥ԰СŸհ׷Ž䣬Ϳ˽̧ۿ裬ֻ˵
عԨ˵С۽޶˶ͳعԨԴϴ׶԰˶ûôٽˣعԨҪСֽ̧ӹֻ
ӹֻʱֻᡣСſһۣƤһЦعԨС˵ʲôҲе档
ҪСҲû˵ʲôֻֻòؽһ
á
СŽ꣬绰ﴫعԨ
á
һһС򵥵شкСһֻһ˵Ҫ˵
šعԨӦһղ˵ȥЩ죬Ҫסһ𡣡
عԨ˵꣬Сſһ裬ǵġ
عԨʣԼ˯ô
عԨ˵꣬СĶһ١Ҫһ˯һԭΪ£ϡ
ССǺסһġСż򵥵
С˵꣬عԨĬһѾˡȻǸСҲѾΪһСӺˡ
СųعԨĻͣĶ绰ǶˣعԨĻδ˵ꡣСӺ󣬵óһۡ
СӺǲһ˯ġ
عԨ˵ۺһԵ
عԨ˵ҪС˵ΪٳǰС飬û뵽ٳǰСһѡϴסӺۣСһ̲衣ʼʩ׼Сһ衣
СףһֱڼԼӺҪӺͲӦúһ˯СŲһ˯Ǹһ˯ľǳعԨ
ˣôСأ
뵽СϵҪСšû˵ֻСɫƽ绰Ƕ˵ĳعԨһ䡣
ü𣿡

С˵󣬵绰Ƕ˳عԨûֻԳعԨ
ɡҾ㲻ӺҲҪһסġ


40 
С˵ⷬ, 绰Ƕ˵ĳعԨûҲסˡӦ۾ӿһȸԾ
, 
ȿСûϳعԨĵ, ָжСžԼӺҲҪסһһʱζӳ£һ§סС, ϰȰڡ
Сʱ绰ͲҲ˳عԨЦõСŵĻشӦһá
عԨӦ꣬Сŵ
СòͳعԨȻҶ˵绰
绰һҶ, ЦҲ̲סŶ, Ц, , ѽ~ûĵ
Сű豧, ҲЩ⡣ûֳͷ̲ôܺȡ
ʱعԨ, ʧڵ㻨ǮعԨ, ʧڵ, СŵȻϵ
СŻһ˵꣬, Ⱥ̲軹ҪһѱסС, Цѽѽ, ס
豧ԼЦеšȻûղźͳعԨ˵ĻҲûҪ˯һԭγȥӦֻͳġڲҪ軹ܺͳһ˯貢ûоʲô֧š
СŸǣǺһǹǹ𣬵ǹҲԽԽС֪ʲôʱǹͻᱻ꣬ԺҲûζˡ
衣СŽһ
ţСһҲʼ׼ڶˡСŽͷŶӣʵôˣ
꣬С̧ͷһҿ쳤ˡ
˵仰ϵЦһ١С˵仰ͷߵ
ҳˣܺסһʱԽԽˡҲŹÿסһӡ
۽һ
Сһ˵ⷬʱԾʰԼ·Ʒطֶ¡ڵ׼ͥСԭͱͨС졣ͳعԨһһ̣СҲ׼ź͹ȥΪ֪δͳסһҲĵܵסһ𣬵ʱʱԽԽ١֪ʱԽԽ٣Ҳûֻ֣Ǹϧڵʱ䣬СάŻеĹذ
վڴߣСšĸףСţһһ̵ʶı仯ͥĳԱı仯⣬ĸ׺Сʵ̫ϲı仯ΪܻҸǽӦš
飬ǻӦûصǰ󣬾ԡһӣҲǣһڣҪıġ
뵽СŵĿͣЦЦСŵãҲŹÿסһӡ
-
һϵ׼󣬵ڶһ磬عԨǡСţ˵ݡճݣͿ˵ȴڵԪ¥ĳعԨ
ڲ㣬δֻЩ⡣վ֮£Уͦ޳ſϵعԨҲѾ߿˹Сţӹ䡣
ӹ󣬳عԨһСš̫磬ʰȥУСſܵ˯бȽڻûء
عԨЦЦСŻû˯ѡ
ôһ˵û˯С΢ۣվĳعԨСŬۣһ
á
СŽ꣬ƤֳصشȥعԨӦһá
߰ɡһһСкֱ۰ѿҪȥСУЦźͳعԨ
СŽ꣬ǸС˵αͨСҪһЩҲһЩСڳ˯ţҲոһЩαȽϵ΢Щ
عԨһʣҪҪұţ
عԨ˵꣬һ¡һ۳عԨ󣬵ͷ˻Сš
ϴ׶԰˶ᣬСŶԳعԨ̬ѾǰҪЩڳعԨС˵ֻǲİ˶ѣҲûô׽ǰֶûôǣοعԨҪСš
ȻعԨ˵⻰ʱ򣬻СҲۡſļϣǰĳعԨգգ۾ûж
عԨ⻰Ǻ˵ģСؾܾ³عԨΣæãұžͺˣҲûء
û˵꣬СͻȻֱ塣̶̵ĸ첲ųعԨ˹ȥԡ

䣬عԨѾſֱۡסСŵûôͰ˹ӹСź§Сŵ䡣СӦһµĻȻſڳعԨĻ۾˯˹ȥ
һһС˾Ѹ٣ĬЩӦɵǰСŵĳعԨбعԨŵСʱ֮Ǣܣһչ⡣
ԭĳعԨСŵദɳعԨСȻĵģ˶ŶԷ߽һûš
Ϊӣ˳ţӿһҸ
ȴЦعԨСſ߰ɡ
ʱСҲſڳعԨĻ￴˫۾ţЦŵ˵ͷá
-
عԨĳͣСſڣ˳ȥԺһ˳ʻһСʱAлСʱ˵˻
СʱһڵִHС
Hй϶˵ĳУһȴǡԺܶǰͿʼչҵĿǰһľǡڵϣ滷ֲʵǸȼٵĺõطСŶǵһHУ·ɻĸͱHеı̺²ˡ
ڵH֮ĸӶڶȼٵĸоҲϷɻǰСž˵һɻĿ֮У·ɻ֮СȫܣڻСһֿĵģҲſ
УСеһСǰAеʱæµʱСοСεУСźͳعԨദĻᣬҲֲСŵһС
СôģҲú㡣
Сڻﵽɫʱ͸һŮ˺ͺǰ滶ЦţعԨں濴š˿Ǻͺһڡ
عԨеļƻļи׼Ѿ׼ˡڻһȴĳعԨӭǡӵǺȥ˳عԨHе˽լ


41 
عԨHе˽լһ߱, ԺӣӾأֲ, ˽˻԰ں߲ԶվԺߴһïʢҬ, ɳ̲ʹ󺣡
չں, ԵĹâϯɳ̲ɫ˻һشӿһʪĺ磬ˬ
һº󣬾ʶȤ뿪뿪󣬳عԨСŽ˱
СһסͶµ, ˱, Сȥǵķ䡣
عԨ⴦˽լ, Ũıؽǰǽֲ, տУװһЩƷֻڷ, ܸܵȼٵķΧ
Сŵķһ׷, ܴ׷һششһӾأ⣬һ޼ʵĴ󺣡վڷ, ңңȥ, ӾغʹӾһ, ˵ĸоǱˮһ, 鶼ˬ
սңǰľɫʹ󴲣ӿһ⡣һˣ˵˴ϡı콫ڱ棬ĵЦ
ﻹζһ£ӱŤͷһվŵСšСţЦݼʵ
ô
ʱСŻڴŷ䣬һHУҲǵһסɫôõķӣСһ۾ģ档
ġСŵͷ
СȷʵǿĵġԴϷɻ֮Ŀܾûֻͣһ·ЩûڷɻϵʱˣҲԿĿġ
վڴǰСһһſֱۣ~
Сſһ۴ϵ裬߹ȥһ¡ôһ~
СſŴϵ裬ջûж
ûϴ衣

СŴСͰɾɾЩ񱣬ǲϴɾϴôɾȴ˲СڡЩ
ǸǸ㲻Ҫѧ衭˵ֱ塣
ֱ壬СΪҪ´ʱСȴֻ屻ֱһ§סһڿգصĴϡ
Ϊ豧Сŵ廹ػصһ¡±Ƶʱ򣬶ѾЦ
ѽľҪһСڴϷȦȻϰȰڡ
ŨҵĸСҲرסĸڴ
-
Сŷ֣عԨķ򰲾ࡣټ׷ֻгعԨһˣ䣬ʼʰ
δʰٵʱ򣬳عԨӵ˰ݵĵ绰
عԨȼܣԹ˵һʱĿǰҪһӵβ׶ΣʱҶæµعԨҲæڴΪعԨһĿʱ򣬳عԨ뿪AУȥHжȼˣ¹ĹԱǺڳعԨ뿪ǰ֪ͨ˵ӽ𡣼Ȼн𣬴¸ɾˡ
ݴ绰عԨĹг̵ģȰг̼򵥱һ󣬶ԳعԨ콻ĸӱˣǱ˵ʦ񲻺ãҪ޸ġ
ʱԷĿǹңҪǿ˳عԨҿôãʵ󲿷ʱǳعԨţʹ߲Ҳܶһ档
ҪعԨʡ
㡣ݵ
˵꣬عԨ̧ͷһʱ䣬Ѿһˡ
֪ˡعԨӦһ
عԨû˵ĻҲƽ糣ڱʦ˵ʱܽţɶڳعԨ˵֪˴ǹҵĶ衣
عԨô˵Ҳ󣬰һ£ԳعԨˣλֹˡ
˵ݻӡ̡ϰ壬ϰӼˡǽӼϰɫԲôãȴûʲôνˡ
عԨλãҲǺܶòԹɫġϰ뿪˾ȥȼ٣ҲΪ˶λ
λ˵ϰѰһ˲ţٷ磬žͲǵ֮Ҳ̫ǻѵӡ
ųعԨμӹپƻᣬ˻ǼٵġһǳʮֲܺõӣܺͳҲûʲôֵġ
ֻǲ֪֮䵽׷ʲô
ݾ֣ҲԲʡϰ˽£֪̫ҲáЩ飬ֻҪϰ尲ŵȥͺˡ
˹ңϰǲ̫⣬ֻһ䣺ʲôˣ
ȥĶʲôʱ˵ȥˣһԺŻ岻֪ȥĶˡȻҾ칫Ҵһһˡݵ
˵꣬عԨӦһ֪ˡ
ǡ֪ˡ
ǳعԨô˵ڵԺ鶼֮УҲûൣġһ䡣
ݣǸҪ֮ǰ
عԨ֪ˡ
ݣ
-
ϴ˸֮һƣһɨաһȹ߳˷䡣˷ţɳŵԹĳعԨ
㻹й
عԨ̧һۡϳعԨĿ⣬һ䡣
ϴ裬ͷûɣ˼ϡʪͷںڣĵƤѩסһȼٷѩĵȹȹǳȹζڸֻ¶羱
ļ羱ȴƯģͦϸ壬ڳˮ⡣
عԨĿ䵽򢣬عԨջߡ
ķЩ⣬޸һ¡عԨ
˶йãٱʦͰæϿˡǳعԨУЩҵʦӦˣ͸˽֮ԳعԨҵĹгѾȽϤˡ
عԨô˵ü˵ͷߵ˳عԨߣɳһˡʱ䣬͸شպôɳ󱳡ɳϣͷ̯ʼɹͷ
õԡ¶ϴˮǱ嵭Ļ㣬һ£Ƿ紵˻ԣ˵ƮɢعԨߴӵ뿪һۡ
ʱûʶԼʲôӣڳعԨʱͷһЦ
عԨ۽еӳŮ˵Ӱ
СأعԨʡ
һЦ˯ˡڷɻ̫ܣѾĹ⡭
û˵꣬عԨסĴ
һ۽ʶʲô۾˫סعԨգѭǻ˻ȥ
ɳϵҲŨң˷ֿʱ˫۾ؿŶԷʲô
ȥҷ䣿عԨʡ
ոձصûһǻųعԨûлشֻʵ㹤
ùعԨ˵꣬ᱧ


42 

, ҲҪģֻû뵽ڡҲûʲôȻЩͻȻʲôȴҲѾˡ
عԨ, §ס˵Ĳһ, һ߳ųعԨķȥߵعԨſʱعԨڳһֻšŰѡŰѷЩ, , Сŵ˳
裿

عԨ
嶯е·𱻶ͷһˮ, ʱ˹һ´ӳعԨĻء
˵Ĺ, Ҵҵش򿪷ŻСŵķ, վԼſڵĳعԨ
عԨȻûӸղҵгֱۻűƣѾûӰ
عԨع, ȴδ侲վڷ棬СŵعԨ۵׸ӵ, ǻԼķ䡣
ط˸ˮ衣
صʱ, Сڴ, ټտķ, ЩִٺͲİ, СһͻȻ˯, ġȴֻԼȥˡ
ĻΣϽȥ˴, , ճȥˮˡغСŽ͵
, Сŵƽ˲٣£ҲС߬ס֣Сû˵ʲôͷĻ˲䡣
Сһ£ڻ̧ӵСԹϣ˯ɡ뿪㡣
õı֤СһİȫסֵСȴҲûɿĻ˯˹ȥ
Сŵĺ೤ȳڴϣͣһһĴ˯ĶڴСһ˯ҲˣҲ۾˯˹ȥ
-
ߣСһ˯ø𡣵˯ѹʱѾˡСŴӴһߵ衣
˯ԺԼҲ˯ˡСѹʱûѡʰҪ𴲣ԼҲƣ͡
Сſһ裬ְ̧ıǸϡЩС˴뿪˷䡣
عԨϴ󣬾ͱŵԼˡύ˷ָҵ˿Ƶ飬Ѿߵ㣬æµĹҪȥҪĹǰźá
￪ŵƣһ򿪣عԨ̧ۿȥſСССš
ˣعԨʵ
СŵͷСعϷţ軹˯
عԨӦһ˯ɡ
˵꣬عԨСţʵô
ϳԷԵ磬Ե÷ɻͣѾߵˣҲöˡعԨ˵꣬Сŵ˵ͷ
СŵͷعԨ˵ԣɳοô
عԨ˵䣬ѾߵߣСͷԡ
áعԨӦһԽСȥ˳
ƹͣ˵ıӰͦ޳İȫССſһҲŽ˳
عԨҪСŽҪܣ˴ɨɾ⣬þߺʳҲһӦȫԭȼٵ˽լȫļң̻
عԨ˳ĵƴ򿪡СŸŽ˳عԨóεʳģվʵ뿴
šСŵͷ
عԨǸҲӦõġ
СһͷѾʳģʳĺߵߡСŻûӦһڿգ˳м̨Եĸ߽ŵϡ
ɡعԨ
˵䣬عԨѾص˳̨һߣ߲˺ͼʼ׼ΣСڳ̨Ͽš
СûиףСŶڳԵ֪׶԰ŽһЩ֮Ա࣬ǴСѵĿе֪ġ
׶԰ԺС֮ߴߴ죬Ʋְ衣ҪôóԵҪôǰְִǳȥˡôĻְָġ
Сŵ֪ְǲġ
һ֪ʶعԨ󱻴ˡʹСڸտʼԳعԨҪЩִոһյĽʶСŲòϳعԨǸǳˡˣƱػҸġ
СŲ°ְ֣°ְ֣ҲϣǳعԨȻڻ׽Ժܻ׽ġ
Сϸ߽ŵʺ󣬾רעؿΡֻм嵰в˵عԨƬãƽһ۶ЩСţʵ
ҪҪæ
عԨ˵꣬С̧ͷһۣԷһ϶Сŵͷð
СŴӦ󣬳عԨֱߵķѽ͵ƽƿӵݸϾͿˡ
СŲǴֻǿԵġعԨ꣬СùѽƿӿʼСһ£ѽƿЩ˫ֱŷѽƿӣ˳̵⼷š
ƹ£СһŬعԨ˫֧ڳ̨Ķǳǳ
弦ţعԨżĻ򣬲󣬷˸档嵰棬عԨС
ʱHУʲôôعԨʡ
HУһСšȻһڳУеʾʹ£˼ͥСĻϾҪСΪԳعԨ˵˭ΪԡСſˣҲģҲġ
عԨ꣬Сżŷѽ̧ͷ˳عԨһۣӾˣĦͧɡ
СһﵽкӣϲĿЩ̼ĿϲЩҲûʲôд˴Żǿġ
عԨҪӦСŵͷŷѽҲᡣ
С˵꣬عԨ̧ͷһۡˣĦͧɡǱȽϸ߶˵ĿСŲġ
ӾҲ᣿عԨʡ
СҡͷͷҲû̧׶԰Сѻ϶ӾǶǰ̵ְֽġûְ֣Ҳûѧ
СһƵ˵ţعԨû˵
⻰ڵĻСǲῪ˵ġΪûаְ飬ʼվҲֻڵʱ˵
С˵ϵķѽҲ˸̧࣬ͷعԨعԨӹ÷ѽƬ˺ͼ嵰ȥȥʱعԨ
ҿԽ㡣
عԨ˵꣬С۽޶˶ųعԨЦһ£ͷѽ
-
СźͳعԨõʱҲӴ˹һ˯øԼþû˯ôˡ
𴲣ϰԵߣ߿տҲһ´ӴһСţ
СţƿĵƹңСվſڣҸպͳˣ𴲳Էɡ
СŽ뿪ˡڴƬ̣׹СŸղ˵Ļ󣬸ϽӴˡ
뿪ңֱǰعԨСѾˡϰڷż򵥵ͣΣţ̣ȥعԨ̧һۣˣ
˵ͷ
˯ѣЩ¡ƹͣعԨСڲϵŲϵͣСŽʱ˵Ļ
һģʡ
ŵʱ򣬳عԨСŶ꣬˲Լͬص˵ͷͬʱͷһɲӿһȵůů࣬˳ѪҺ壬Լİ˺ͶӣЦһ
ΣСߣعԨεݸС˱ţ̡ӹΣҧһڣüë
óԡ۵
õۣһһСҲγСҧһڣߵҼķѽ
лŷѽΣ̧ӵСԹϣЦſ޵
õĿޣСһҧΣ̧ͷһڶĳعԨأ

֪ʲôʱ򣬳عԨСŵĹϵѾôˡõĿ޺󣬻عԨҪһ
̧ͷعԨҲ̧ͷӣƽؿеĹâ⣬ͷҲܰ
õĿޣعԨջĿСŶһۣС̧֣عԨ˸ơ
һһСĺгദЦҲûͣ
-
ǵHеĵһ죬ȼٻûȫʼСѾſģʹ죬ͳعԨĹϵҲԽԽá
һڳ극ȥߵɳ̲ɢʳɢ경СŻطϴ˸衣ϴ뿪ңȥ˳عԨķ䡣
عԨϴ裬ֻΧһԡ嵽ǰڽĴŮ˵ǳֹعԨոܵһĴ뿪ˡ
Ĵ뿪عԨͷ۾ӯЦ͹â
ҺܿģҲҸ
ͳعԨ˵仰һ̵ˡ
ԭľܵģΪҪͳعԨȥĻֵó¶СŻû˯ء
СڣҪˣֻܵȻAԺ˵ˡ
ЦܻԼķ䡣
гعԨСߣÿĺҸڵ޻ɡ
̫ˡ
ҪһֱôҸͺˡ롣


43 
ڿĺҸ֮, ȹڡ
ڵļڣСԸԳعԨ̻Ӿ, , Ħͧɡ, ǱˮСǰǰΨһһӾ, ǰϵһˣĦͧ, ɡǱˮġ
СſĵͣͳعԨĹϵҲõʵ뿪Hеʱ, СһͲĿڽгعԨְˡ
, ܵļںܿ, μڵҲԲɡڽ, ͳعԨСŻصAС
УܵĿγҲͬǰæεġ֣Hеʱ򣬲ɹ˴֮һһл˴εʦǡ
ϻвǮɹҲֵ, ʦǸģʾȥȼ١Ц, ˴˲ˮ䣬Χʼѯе顣
ϴγعԨ, Ҷ˳عԨεĲƽ˺, ҶġͬʱҲЩ, ϾǸ裬Ҫһθ飬ǶӺͰ֮ĹϵҲôȨġ˵ҲСһͬȥУҷ׷СźͳعԨ֮ӴΡ
Ϊѯ֮󣬴ĿⶼȴĻشſȱ۾Ц⣬СѾعԨ׽ˡ
ۣҸҷ׷塣
Ǹ˰û뵽Сôġ
԰һˣ˵ģĶ̶ȡ
˿
²˳٣ԭؼ޸ܽᡣ
˵ġ޸֣̲סЦ΢´Щ̫˰ɣ
⻹˵ڸ涼ʣҲĥϵͦõģ⻹ץѻ¶Ҹ㽲˿ɲŶ
˵꣬ʦǷ׷׵ͷ
ǵͷʱȴſȱûʲô飬ĿڵϣЩƮʲô顣
⸱ӣع̽ؿʵȿڣ
һ˵عղȥȥˣĻЦź˿ڿȣûСѾˡ
˵꣬ѻȸ
Уֲһ䣺Ǹȷϵʱ򡣡
˵꣬ѰŸ͵ȷʵ̫˶԰ɣ
ʲô
һ˵꣬һļϣſȱȲ˳סֱۣͷͼʦǣҵıȫǺɸ֡

Ǹȷϵ͸飬㾹Ȼ̫㲻ʵ㰮̫ˣȷϵ󣬾𣿡
ûãô̫ܰ
ûãհûã˵ܾأиʦ
ʦ˵꣬һ㶡
ʦ˵󣬴Ҷض
ǳΪעİ鰡Ǿ÷㲻ɣԲŸģ㾹Ȼ̫ˣӻ
԰հ㣬飬ǲ㰮𣿡
ѽڸв֪ҪҵĻҵʹӦˡ
Ǿǡ
ߴߴţż̬ջǻصԼ뷨ϡ
Ҳ֪ҾǸоЩ̫ˡҡ
˵һ٣Ҳ֪ΪʲôҸоԴʶԺ󣬰ʶһ··ǰ޺õģ·;ƽ̹ûκβ·ҾͰ·ǰţȻߵ·ľͷ
˵Լ뷨
ܵ˵ǾЩ֡ûʶعԨ֮ǰߵ·ҷǳѡʶعԨ·ͻȻƽ̹õߴ·Ϊֻһƽ̹·
ʼϲ·ƽ̹ɼǰţȥ·ͣһ£ܻиԭߴǰߣߵ·ľͷͲԾǰˡ
ʹ˵뷨Ҳš˵һʵ·ľͷǼ޸𣿡
꣬˿֪ɡ
˵꣬ЦдŹͷǰ߾ˡ
ʵκεİ飬ǻܰ䣬Ҳమ㲻ҪɵΪߵƽ̹ߵþľͷǳ
仰ǰղŵĹǴˡһʱҲЩԼǲĲ̫ˡ
˵󣬴ĿⶼǶţЦЦ
ģ
ģͬ
ҵƶŴңЦ
-
ȥҪѿγ̲Ǵֶ̣ô֮£׷ױʾˣϿˡмûεʱȥһ˳ı
ȼܣСʱߣûҺƵĸŮûͱ˵
ЦһСա˵ʲôƷ˵Ҫգ͸ˡ
ʱѾ˿䣬ĸŮֻҪζɾͺá䲻Ҫţȥ˿
˿ԺѸ͸õܿģһһСϸµ
ɳϣ˿ں裬̯ϵĵԺļæŹ顣
Ҳֻɣ֪Ҫáһʼ˵Ҫڹĸ׺СţΪ֧꣬Ҳ֧ǡ
ԭССѧʱ򣬸õС̯ơŹûãԼ̫˽ˡֻĸ׺Сţȴûп롣
ϵĵļ뿴󣬰ѵԺļЦŵղиƵ顣
̧ۿ˿ĸס
һֱڹڣôôʡ
ĻϵЦ΢գȷʵ̫ô
˵꣬סֵûϵ㡣
һθ˵ѴʵĸǶѴİɡ룬õֻõûи
ĸ׵ŮԼѴܻŮϵѹѹȥҲ
룬Ҫؼôɡ
һڣ뿴һۣң˵ͰְҲǳ־أȥСҲΪҵ飬ôʹࡣҲСˣһЩԼԴúá
˵ЦЦ˵ҲԼʲô黹óعԨæ
ɷʱӿһοȷʵСӣҪǵˡ
ȴûдӦͳҲֻŮѶѣܹ黹ǲġ
ڸĸûʹûԳعԨĹѪףһЩϣǴΪİɡ롣
˵ЩЩڴؿĿдżеڴлȴЩ˵
ʱ䷢죬˿ĳĬĸŮͬʱͷСҲعͷһЦסֵ
ȳԵ˵ɡ
-
˵˵ǵգ뿪ʱ˶û⡣ĵ㣬뿪ңȥ˳عԨĹҡ
ûΣϵʱ򣬾ͺͳعԨԼ˽һ͡°磬عԨȥĸ׺
Hжȼٻ󣬳عԨ֮ĹϵҲ࣬ҲûǰҪعԨعԨˡ
ɳֱȥ˳عԨĹң˵ݡ
ݴӵ¸㵽һ¥һ¥˰һ¥󣬵ſˡǿ֮󣬵ȴûʲôˡվڵȴŵŻˡ
ŵϣٳ׺ǰи˵˹
һ£
ְ̧˵ݿİťťһϵĵ´ˡ´򿪺һ߸˧˧С˽
Сӹһ·ŹģϻЩź󣬾ͺ͵ллл
Ҳòػһ
Сӵл󣬾ͿС۾һ£Ц
С㡣
Сӣ£ѹһļ䣬ҲûԼʶôС
ɻСЦŽԼ
ǳܹҵʦҽзޡǰȥҳܣҼ㡣Ƕ֪δϰ
ǸܽĴкëüĿʣЦʱһڴͺá֮⣬˻ǳ飬Щ졣
ô˵Щ죬ҲûзϣЦŵͷá
õĻӦ޺ٺһЦʦ֮ңΪ˳ܡܶ෽ڸϴһʱͺϲҺڹϰ࣬ҾԼ̫ˡ
˵Щʱ۾ܿóҲȰȰȾЦŵԼһͦ˿ĵġ
԰޵ͷЦŵʵһϲǰƣǰһͬģǡڹҲǷǳʦ˺ƣҲùٽܻع˾Ͳһˡ
˵Щźź뵽ͳܳЩӣҵʦ˵Ǻ˾ˡ
˵ֹ꣬۵Ȼûҳܣ˵˺ءĻµƿѧϰˣ
̬ȳϿҶֹۣ˵ųعԨǰ飬ֻз˵ΣպҲ˽һ³عԨ
뵽ʵǰúܺãΪʲôعԨͻع˰
ȻֻǸС˿̫Ϣ֪ҡҡͷ֪
֪̫Ϣ˸ǳģǰһѧģ
԰ڼӡ
޻û˵꣬ݵ˹ڵ¥㣬һ¾Ϳˡγȥöģͬڵſڵȴˡ
Ÿһͬæ֣ޣ죬ʦˡ
ŶŶŶ޸Ͽ񣬺˱Ȼæ˵ݡ
޺ͬ·ˣҲӵ޸ղ˵ĻҲжˣֻһӡ֡
ʲôô
ǰʹعԨûȥô
ԭҲֻʵĻ⣬ʲôҲġ뵽Цҡҡͷȥ˳عԨĹҡ
-
عԨʱ䣬Ҷѻ˴Ĺǹҵһ֣һ˰æΣ󲿷ַصĹҪΪʱ򣬳عԨǩļعԨĿ΢ɻɻ
ͿģɣܸܵԳعԨ⡣ԴڳعԨİ
Ҳӯߵ˳عԨ칫ԣһϵļ
ûæꣿ
߹ȥʱعԨѾת˰칫εķֱ̧֣һֻס
ֻһתƣбʶѽһ˳عԨϡ
ţԷߡŷŴǰĳعԨѾ
عԨֱһǰĴͱعԨסˡ
عԨǣѰοǹ̫ۣҪֻ̫ۡҪ˼
ΪʲôǶᣬۣǣ
ֿԣعԨСڹȥʱִѰ󻺽ۺͻ˼ĸо
䱦ĻСغǻţϣȫӵ
һǽعԨ뿪Ĵ˫ƽҲƽʱĿԣŮ˵ʢŹâЦ⡣
عԨһ
ţعԨһĴǡ
뿪ʱ˫ַļձߣͷЦſ
Ƕɡ
عԨһֹͣסգ۾һ˲գּᶨؿ
ΪԼΡ


44 
Ȼ, ġ
֣˵öԣյԾͶ, νʲô·һֱԼ뷨, ȴҲ˳عԨ
عԨʲôԣӦϰ¡ֻ̫, Ը˻ѡ
Ǹ֮ӣкܶѡ, ѡ, ѵܴ
Ӧô, Ӧü޸ˡ
ͳعԨּȥ֤ˡҶô򵥣һܱ̬ȣҲܸعԨȫС
ڽ, ҲڶԶˣǿ
˵, ͷЦſųعԨ
˵Ҫ˶ʱ, عԨͰˡ, ۾, ܵ˺ܶ, Ǹ¶ˣȴܸܵعԨ۾ڵõʧõ̾
ܾ, ӦһֱѹɡΪʲô޸Ϊʲôͬ, ǲҪ뿪תһͳعԨ, عԨӦ, ̬ͱˣĶôְصȴ
еߵĳƷӿٺҲʱ۵׵գƽ
áعԨǶ顣
Ц
عԨһ£Сõİǹ֮㡣ţҲӿ˺һۡ
ǽ˶ͷ֣ӶЦֻǵһ𣬾Ѿ㹻Ҹˡ
عԨĺĺԣָĶߣḧһͷһ
ڶǰǲҪȼһ¶Էĸ
ڸҸ۵
-
ͳعԨּ˶飬ȷʵô򵥵һ顣ȻҪ飬ҪȺ˳һˡ
ҪģҪҳ
ͳعԨĽ˫ҳһٳɵģһҲǼҳǵԸҪˣ˫ҳ϶ֺ֧ףġǻˣǽˡ
ڳعԨ˵ҳʧȥ˼عԨ˵ҪȼļҳټļҳҲϡͿľʹӦˡ
뿪ңȥ˳عԨ͡ڳæƤʱŻعһ¶ŵر
裬ϲôͷ͵ĳعԨʵ
عԨһۣƽᡣ
õعԨ϶ĻشҲûлָţߵعԨǰʵϲʲôӵģ費ҪЩʲô
˵ţͷ͵ĹҪҪѧˣ
վڳ̨ԣһţعԨվһԣؿʱعԨһһشˡ
㲻ҪʲôҲҪѧˣ֪㲻³ҼгʦûгʦʱһعԨ
عԨ˵꣬ǰشһ⡣
ϲġ
عԨ˵꣬⶯˶κЦˡûвˣΪعԨİȫаΧˣ²ƽϡ
̧ۿųعԨЦŵô֪ϲģ
ȣعԨûż²ˣš˻𣬿Ϊϲġ
Ц
һԸĸϲԼӵİˣǱȻǶӸ֪ǣǳǳİˡİû˿ֹֻܽܡҲмܸǵĶӴõİϲ
һУųعԨİˡ
гعԨİ޿֣ԺаԵʮǵİȫУŰͳعԨҸۡ
νһʼˡߵ·Σյ㶼ҸǳعԨҸ
-
ڱعԨ½źͳعԨһ꣬͡ڲԹԺûż뿪뿪ȥ˺ߡ
Ѿϰ˵࣬ȴûкں嫵ĴϿһ£¹ɳ̲˵ӰӶ˳
ųȹǣųعԨ֣һɳ̲ϡŽţϸɳӣż˻ûŵ׵ɳͬʱһ⡣
ԽԽߣȹڣʪɳ̲˵Ž췢顣
СŶȼٻһȥ׶԰ǳġ
عԨվߣҲܸܵСſĺĿģͷһۣʵʲô
ǰһɡĦͧġЦСʤǿģֻһʼʲôûУװˡӵһУлͯܶĿ֡
ǵӺ𣿡ʡ
عԨȥ׶԰˶ᣬСŵͬѧҲǼǵ˼ȽصģӺһСкİְǽΪ˶ӮһֱڼСšСӮԺСһﴹͷɥС򼤶õȡ
ǵáعԨ
Цŵ˵СѡȻСž׶԰ʦϵңҰȥȼʱĵƬӺ
СʤһǺȥһҪӮ
ҰƬȥˣȻ׶԰ʦֻСţСžƬӺӺ˵СƬPģӾᣬôȥЩȻ󡭡Ļͣһ¡
תͷߵĳعԨӯӯЦȻС˵ôӾȥHУְѾ̻Ӿˡ
Щ׶԰ʦģʱС˵ⷬʱ򣬷ǳԺͬ˳عԨǲ˵Ļġ
Ӻ˵ôаְ֣Сž˵ôûְ֣ϴ˶ᣬҰְֻӮְء
к磬кˣЦڳعԨ˵СŵͬȻģЦġ
Цŵʱ򣬳عԨ̧ͷ
ͷǸܼ򵥵ܶǱȴ˿۸Сۣһֳĸо
վ壬󺣣泯عԨЦſͷ
˾վţعԨͷ˳ĳ˼ϡڽҪʱֻýһӿһȣֱſ˳عԨĻ
عԨȱסδͷһۣղŵĺ뿪ܿϯûӦ䣬ѾعԨ
ڿձعԨҲ˹һ¾СȵλãعԨȵرס
ǳˡ
˫§סعԨ˫˳عԨ䣬ԳعԨȹӶʪˡ
عԨͷһۣǻؼҰɣϴ衣
عԨ䣬ŻЦŵعԨ˳˺ˣá
-
뿪ʪɳ̲һ˼ҡԺʪȹڣȥ˳عԨϴ衣
ǰڳعԨķϴ裬ڶιѾᳵ·ˡȥԡҼ򵥳ϴһ£ϴһԼѾʪ͸·
ղǳˮˢСȣȹѾȫʪˣմɳӡΪعԨҲЩˡ
֮·ܴˡ
ǳعԨﲢû·û취ֻܴعԨˡ뵽üһЦ뿪ԡֱȥ˳عԨñ䡣
˳عԨñ䣬Ŀʿ·Ѿֲ֡ߵTڵ¹ԭ̧һתͷʱ˲Զŵʿ
عԨĳܶ࣬ʽɫ࣬򵥵ĿʽɫϵΪֻܸܵɢԸкͺɶɡ
ų΢΢һȣջؽŲߵ˳ڵĸ䡣
ȥϴʱ򣬳عԨҲȥͷ򵥳ϴһ¡ϴ˿ͷļҾӷ˿ȴ
˵Ҫ飬ǽҪȥĸĸȥĸĸ˫ĸ档̶ˣȻ
عԨֻͨѶ¼ڵĺѲ࣬󲿷ֶڹ⡣ڹЩҲ̫
عԨˢţҵŰһعԨ̧ۿȥվſڵ
ֻһɫĳϸ޳ϣȸǵĴм䡣Ǵмλã˸档
ƤԭǺܰףɫ£ƤΪ𪣬͸İףţһİסȥʱҲ̧˹۾ںڶڰϵ׺ţҫ۵ĺʯ
ڳعԨʱһ˲ôһ£ֲȻקק°ڣֿ˳عԨ
عԨ̧˵ĿףҴĳ
˵꣬عԨ
ԼճһСƵʿٵţĺЩſĥһ¡ߵ˿ɳԡ
չȥعԨ֣ϡ
£Ŀƽӣ˵ݣ۾ǱعԨסͶ˫֮С˵۵ʲôڷӿͷһ¡
꣬ϵ΢΢սˡ
عԨϵֱ΢΢Ӵ󣬿ڼӴУЩƣûаǶĻһĴǳֹ
ؼˡعԨ
ѾŵˣȷʵûؼˣҪؼС˯Բס¡
عԨЩƣţִļϣղСŸҴ绰ˣ˵ҽԲûȥ
⻰û˵꣬ʣµĻ˸С
ճסѿִ


45 
ܻҪġ
˴ӿ, صҡ
Ů֮£дļﲢûط;顣ǰȷʵҲûУΪһĳ, Ѫ
ʹн˵һκ󣬵ȺҹļβűЩ˽ȫѣعԨȥϴ˸衣
һۣ漸ν, عԨԡˮһݽȵˮڳعԨϣˮ, Щ, ˯
ڻ˯, ˵ĴķͶߣľ΢΢֧
ǻЩҪ, Ҫ˵
ͳعԨ׵ڣһֱûк˵СŵʵݣڳعԨҲһֱΪСӡҲû, ΪϣعԨСŵĹⰮš
ǧ㣬û㵽ԼǴŮ
˸տʼһ, СŲӵͳװ¶ˡعԨûоóԾ, ܵʱϾ˼ǲô˵, ƭ˳عԨҪһµġ
СŲ, ĶӡʱǸ, ҲֻҰ֪, Ҿû㡣룬СҶӵĻһҲû͡Բ𰡣ƭ㡣
ƵģǸǺϵغǸ
عԨļձߣ΢ͣһ£Ķߡ
ûϵعԨ
ûĻԣȴûȫˮһ£ʳعԨ
ǲǻҵĶ
ǲųعԨֻǽѪͽĶΪعԨ԰ݼڣСŶ㲻Ǹڡ
ҲԼҪЩ֣ҲҪֻϣϣعԨܶС
㵱СĶôعԨʡ
һ£ƶͷȻ
عԨ˫§䣬ȻҲҵĺӡ
İԶûСݼڡôǳҲᰮһУǡһСЩûʲôϵ
˳عԨĻعͷЦſǰˣһƬˮ
ˮнǣԡеˮȴ˿ûн͡
һΣ
Ұɣ
˵Ц
عԨϿɳչĵԡϴ󣬾ͱ˴ϡ壬ҲѾϣķɺſڴϲһ˯˹ȥ
عԨڴߣ˯աƹȴҲȲ˫ᡣ֮£۵Ҹ
ҵҲӵعԨãһΪҸʱˡ
-
ڵ˰ҹǿɶӻߵʱˡۣķ϶͸Щâɢܣͷһۡ
عԨûѹ˯Ժ󣬳عԨû˯ܸоһֱԱ߿
ڣˣعԨ˯ŵġ
ûмعԨ˯ŵӡúÿˣŻ˯ţģɿ˵ڷ䴰Ӱ¿ŸΪ䣬۾ëŨܣһӰ
£ͦͦΣҲ΢ı
һȷʵƵǵġ
ųعԨžͳعԨӣǵĺôŴɣ
뵽͵һһ졣ΪʲôЩ߰ĶȻѾӵ飬ǻû飬ӻأ
ʼȣҲԺ󣬾ȥϴϴԼ侲һ¡
߳عԨ˯ţᣬС˴عԨûԼѺȥԡҡ
ԡң̧ͷһ۾ԭͻûµٴ쮵˸¡
ͳعԨͦģûĻ䣬߰ĺۼҲ
ǺڳعԨȽϿƣۼصλã·ܸϡȻûȥϰˡ
һеԼϽ򿪻ȥϴˡ
򵥳ϴһҲ˹ڳعԨû··ҲûϴҪȴعԨ·
뵽ȥ˳عԨñ䡣
-
촩عԨĳ˵ʵЩ뷨ŴģóعԨΪˣԻǴTȽϱա
ñֱȥTĸ䡣һT˳ϡTԾǴģǵȵλáȹعԨˣҪȥ´عԨ»ԣȫû
T׼뿪ñˡڳعԨûѣ׼ȥһ̫͡ӵǲǼǿԵġ
žߣߵ̫T½ٴαϴιס¹סˡ

СӶ֪һǵһǣȴһ¹Ρ
һ壬T¹ʱ¹Ųûд򿪡Ŀջأͬʱ׼վվʱĶͣסˡ
ϴ¹￴Ǳᡣ
뵽ͷһ¹
˶кĵġⱾᣬһοʱ򣬾ͱˡûΪʱͳعԨĹϵûеڲͬȥĵز
ڹϵˣˡ
ǲô˵㿴˵Ķǲ̫áǺͺ֮һ£󣬹ʹ㣬¹
¹·棬Ǳᰲ
ְ˹
-
عԨѹʱѾϰ˵ˡۣԺйļӿ΢𣬳عԨһߣڡ
ƿǣӴˡ
عԨ뿪˼Ҿӷһ
ﲢûӦعԨȥһȦҲûˡʱĶڷڣӦû뿪ġ뵽عԨȥһԡңԡˮھϣģһƬӦøϴûá
ϴ˳ȥñ·ˣعԨ뵽ñȥ
վñſڣƿñţȻ档ſڣñĵ̺ϣͷ࣬һήĻ
عԨ߽ȥʵôӦ
û˵꣬Ѿߵߣڵͷʱᡣ
عԨһɲǷ
˳عԨûվڣعԨߵߣվһԣַڳϣ̧ؿ
˭ʡ
仰ͻȻӵվͷ˳عԨعԨû˵
ΪعԨûᣬⱾسڳعԨ
һЩˣƬҲЩˡҳд֣һһŵƬĶգͳعԨĺգƬеһģһһ
ͨ䣬ǰˣʵΪҳŰҵģ
ҵԲԣ


46 
κһθ, ȫȫ⸶˰ԷȴֻǰϵӰӣ, 㶼ܵʹࡣ
Ǹ˵, ѳعԨĵ, ΪعԨһڻǳعԨԼ˳, ƤѪ
, ѪҺ, ʹѻֵ, ûиоˡ
ʳǷ, عԨ߲ûͣ, ̧ͷʶˡ
ǡعԨ
ʲôЦЩ⣺ܲƬˣ˵Ƭˣ
˳ͬһ, , ǳعԨԺ˵
뵽, ﷺһġ
, عԨֻǿû˵ٽƱٽ͡
ĬʵʱȻ˻ѡû뵽عԨѣ֤ɽѣô覵ˡ
˵ʧǱ, ص, Լ, ԭҸʧֻʣһࡣ
عԨǰĳ͵ıʣһԵĻӿϺжݵҡҹ֪ʲôҪģҲ֪º˵
ȷʵعԨ㲻ҲҰ㣬ǰ㡣
عԨˣѣڿĿеƽʱ㶼һɲǼǱ˵
һ˲ϳᣬǻ»ڳعԨղ˵ǷһЦ
ˡôĽͣı䲻˳عԨһƵŮ˽ôƵŮ˵ʵܳعԨϲǲϲͬŮˣʧܵġ
ʱϣǺߣҲԶ
عԨʶʱعԨİġͷȥƬһͳعԨƬĽѹһʱܲ
˭ʡ
û˸ղŵı˺ĮվͷϵᡣָĦƬһҪһЩ֮Ĺ¡
عԨĿʼϣ۵ףһ𣬸ӵڵҹ˿͸ˡ
ѵá
عԨش꣬ǣ
˵꣬عԨüšһ𣺡ô֪
ʱ˳عԨһЩƽ̧ۿ˳عԨһۣعԨ̧ͷʱüѾչ
µġ
ʱ򣬲ŵһǵ֡ǳعԨĺѣͬѧǺϻˣֻǺعԨعҲֵ
ôµǵãΪǶ֡
Ȼġ
˵仰ʱعԨһɲỺи˵ʶǣҲûǣղǸ֣Ҳʶ˵ġ
ģʶ˵ǵġ
ǡعԨǵãһѵá
عԨĲ²⡣ϵʱγѡղʳعԨЩʲôһ³عԨ˭ôܸıعԨʶʱ䡣عԨЩͳعԨһͲˣ
ⶼЩõ⣬ҲõĲ²⡣鷢չڣǱعԨʱ
ЩȤ
Ȥˡ
̧һ۳عԨؿһˡ֮۾İⱻһĿѿ
Ƿְɡ
˵꣬Ǳỹ˳عԨѵϵTࡢ㡢뿪ñ䡣
ҪͳعԨһӷֿΣκεĽ
뿪ñ䣬ȥԡҰԼĳȹ´ϣͷҲص뿪˳عԨҡ
-
뿪عԨȺд绰˸١٣ȥ˳Լļҡ׼ͣһǱӣϽùܼҸ˻ϴ·
ȥ˷任·ص˲뻹ڵǵǡ
ʱؼҵӿʧǣ̫ݣҲЩջؼҵʱ򣬿϶߰ġ
˲˿࣬򴽣̧ͷĸЦЦ
ʲôˣ
ЦһºŸһ
ĸ׵Ļֺһ࣬ûʲôҺͳعԨˡ
˵꣬룬һչǳ͵񶼱һ䡣ǻһۣ뿴һνʡ
׷ʲôˣ첻ǻ˵𣿡
ıʶһĸ˵ȷʵ̫ĸ׺ͳعԨĸ׻ͬѧϵԭ̸úúõģͻȻ˵־ͷ֡ĸ׻Щεġ
ιΣίԼһ˵ӰӺͳعԨһһӵġҪίȫԸͲѣһӵĵˡ
ڳعԨ﷢һᡣ˵ĹѾ챻ȼ˵סϹСాúŨ滹˺ǣԭǺģȴֻܸܵ⣬ûζ
ӿҨ˼£ԷӣﶼǳعԨһŮƬǸŮ˺ҳһģһ
˵ŵʱڲһԵһվ
ϣ̧ͷдЩɻ
ߣ˫սأ
̫ˡ
˵仰ɻɢȻκһŮ÷˼
ȻĸҲǺԼһ뷨Ҳ׶ˡҲһŮ˵ͳعԨһһӣҺӦõķǳʹʹֻ֡ǽûнһĽӴûĸҲû㣬Ҳá
˵ŵʱѾһС˵Ļϵı黹δƽ˵ĻĿ⸴ӡľһ£
нôʡ
ĸһۣˡ˵ϲңΪҳֻϲҶѡ
˵Ļġ
տʼĸ֧óعԨ֣ڣĸȴعԨ˵һ˿˼
ʲôģһЦϲң
ԡǲϲ㣬ܸܵõġ
һ
ڿعԨǱᵽڣһֲǵ״̬Ϊ˸һ£ܴĽǶȥͳعԨĹϵһЩ仯
عԨǲذΪȷʵܸܵ
İÿһǣÿһӵÿһ仰ÿһеظܵİ⡣
ְ̫Ũˣͷ˺ܾõƣŴľͳԡŻôѸ޷˵İ
ϸһ룬ְ̫ˡ
׵ʱ򣬳عԨҪһչҲһֱ׷׷Ϻĵһ죬Ͷ˻顣ͰܾãȲҪӵ
¡ӵ
Цһ¡
¡ѾһСͳعԨûм棬ҲδڹعԨôǡ¡ӵ
عԨҪҵӰӣӵֻǸ
ָֻ侲
סʱΪȰ˵ɹҨһС࣬СЩʧ
Ƭ̺ǹҲ֪ǸƬ˭
˭Ļ¿ĸףЦЦܲҰɣ㲻˵ǰûô
Ļһ±סˡ
˵ǲİңԼܸܵȷʵܸܵİ裬˵Ǹʶû죬ʶģİ̫ʵôԽңٰһˡֻΪҺǸЩҡ
˵꣬ã룬ǰġ
ҵĸ𣿡ʡ
ͻȻĴϣıһסˣؿȻû˵
ЦһӦȰοңȻعԨôǺͳعԨһҸһأ
˵Ц룬Ҳϣҵĸӵġ
˵ⷬʱ붨ؿкܶ໰ȴʲôû˵
ջ˿ĸ׵ߡ
ҺܱǸûаճҪľ裬Բ𡣡
˵꣬ӲҳԱˣȥϰˣټ
˵껰뿪˲ʱҲѾӦ˹ıӰӲҪ׷ȥ
С
ѿڶû˵ߵסˡ
-
뿪ңڵ˵վʱ˹ĸ˵ʲôղڲϣúĸ˵
ǽϷ̫࣬ƢҲбࡣĸعԨ˵ʱԶɺͳعԨͬӪȻôܣĸף˵ʲôʲôһߵġ
ʶ֮ĸ״绰ǸģԼĸͨʱֱĸ˵ʲôе㣬ø⣬ûд
뿪վ˼ҡ
ûлĸ׺СŶ֪ΪʲôѾϾŵ㣬ĸѾȥ˼صյļһȥ׶԰
Լٺͺõ˵ʱǺĸףԾСšʵŮĸ׺󶼻˽Сӵ޵İݣȴĸ׻ްرԼ뷨˿˼ǵĸ顣
׶԰׶԰׼ϿΡ׶԰ʦҵСţС߳׶԰Ц˹
衣СŽһ軳
ĸû棬СҲСšСţڣߣȥ̲衣
ԭͻȻ֣ͦҪȥ̲裬СźһҪѧء
Ȳˡ
ͷ裬СŵͷУϾͲϡ
ϡЦСŴ˸ȥ˺̲̳
-
ϵ̳ûˣ˵̲궼ûŶӡ̲̲赽Ϣλϣ˱̲СţСŸ˱
ɱ
ʽеĺ̲裬СҲ̲豭̲һ£ɱ
걭ĸ̲ܣһ˱һλغ
̲һ¶ǣоԼֻˡϵڣеĸоѹ̲ζţãûʲôζŵľҲή
Сű̲豭ϢεĿϣ˫ȴǰ˵׶԰顣
Ӻ˵Ҫְֽɡְֲᡣ
ǰиСкͰְȥǰְ蹤æûʱȥ
İְָ˵ӻ˸Сܵܣְ˵ԺСܵܺһЩҲ̫ϲְ֣оڲ̫ˡ
ΪְСܵܲŲֵġҪְֺܺãôСܵܣӦҲܿģһͳµĵܵãҲܰǡ
衭
Сߴߴ˵ţСһĻЩҲЩŲˡ
ǰźС˵عԨһᡣҲڲǰСų飬ͳعԨӴСΪ飬ԳعԨѾ˸飬ȴûͳعԨһˡ
һСӳ飬ĸ飬̵̫һˡ
ûСſڡ
衣С˵˵Ļʼû˵̲ҲֻһСڡСǸеĺӣǺͳһģûϰ࣬һ̲裬ԲáСźܴµǺͳ֮ʲôˡ
ͳ峳𣿡Сʡ
Сһô룬Ҳ뵽ͳعԨһȥΪһ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣôŬ󣬾Ҫ޳˭Ȼֹġ
Сŵ⣬عͷһСš
Сһﱧ̲豭˫ڿκ󣬵˵ͷԣˡ
˵꣬СһȻˡıͷûʲôᳳܵģ˭Ĵ˭ȵǸʦǵġ
СšСһ
СŻϣӦһš
Ҫͳ֣ͬôʡ
СŵĿⶨסˡ
ῪЦô˵ǱȻ濼ǹġͳĸ飬Сʵûʸȥ߲ͬͬʲôһжԼ뷨
𣿡Сʡ
Ǳһ¡

ԣͳعԨθ飬
û⣬СˡͳعԨֿһϣθĸ׺СŽûԼ
Сʱĵ˸ʶĻش
á
Լܼ
ȻĻشعԨֻǱعԨΪ뿪ǵ꣬ʣµľ޾ʹࡣ
ãǳǳİعԨ
Ϊʲôأ
ĸ˵عԨʶûãôôΪӰӡ
أͳعԨҲʶûãôôأ
ʶĳعԨֻеһ㰮ģĵףôôŨģģ᲻İأ
֪


47 
ûлشСŵ, СҲûҪĴ𰸡ĸһ𣬰̲衣̲Сͻ׶԰, ص, ׼ϰࡣ
˵鳡ʧ, ǲܷµġ
˼٣ʦæΡʦ̫࣬Լ˼εʦ, ȥ¥µ˶ٷ
ＸʦϹ, ϾҪ·, ѧУѧ, ҲҪ, ׼ż١ʦǶżȥĶ
, Hôôиʦѯڳеļƻ
ЩĲɣʦ˵, عŶ, ԡ
ôˣ۲ӸղųԷ, ɫҲǺܺá
ûʲô˿, ͷǸʦԵģǱߺ, ֲ԰ͦáҪĻˮ԰⻹Ǳˮ, Ħͧ, ɡҲͦ
ǻͦġʦ, ˵һ䣺סĸƵ갡ô
ûסƵ꣬عԨǱжǱסġ
˵꣬ʦȫʦɵץ˰
԰ȰûǿȲǮ˰
Ǯ϶Уʦ١
ҿЦЦһ
ŴЦţЩζǻȰץͳعԨ飬Ҳȥһǽ죬ͳعԨѾˡ
¾ôϡ

ڼʦЦŵʱͻȻ˽һ̧ͷȥʱǸŮ˵ԶѾߵߡߣŮ˵ֳαϣЦһ㡣
ͷһڿŮĵĺʱ
أعԨ֮ӡϴѩϣǼ档
صӡ̣ȫŵ׵ģ壬̫ޣǶѡֻһ棬ܰؿԺ
ѾһΣѾ˵ֿʦЩɵۡ
ЦɣҲԷ
ںЦŵʱҲʦ΢򢣬ǴкƯҲǸˬкغ԰Щڶ¥־⡣أ
šС
ŶŶ֮˵ǸʦЦ
˼򵥺䣬̨ǱߴһŮ˵ء
̧ͷǱڵֱ壬ҳˣˡʱȥ
˵꣬سһЦֳ弸ͬЦЦȻˡ
Ů˵ıӰ뿪ϼͬҲ̲סıӰ뿪Ӱʦż򵥵ıͰTĺɫžںϡ֪̫֫ϸͷ̫ŨܣȻȫڵס֫
ߵ̨͸ղŽŮ˵һһ뿪˲
뿪󣬼ͬ²Żع
Բۣ˭𣿡̾ΪhrʶûôƯŮˡ
ǣǵģӰʦķӦһμʱķӦЦŻһ䡣
̫ƯˡиʦŮˣö׷
ˡܵɷǳعԨѣһҽ
ۣϧˡʦӢ鰡
ʲôϧģЦӢ飬㻹Ҫһ𰡣
ҪСԸԸϣԱ𿨵̫ʦ
һ˵꣬ҹЦ˵ţ˼ǴܣصҲ΢Щ
-
ʧζܣ˵Լķ֡뿪صеĸٽʱĿֻԼһˣоԼҪ˵ĸоûˡ
Ȼֲ£µǷֺÿһÿһ롣ǱŽ˽ؽ裬۵ҳ顣ַټϵһʹҲûл⣬ֱѧϿΣʹŻЩ
Ŀβ࣬ڿ꣬ѧͼҳ뿪ٽֻʣһˡԭ࣬ЦĽңǱһ³ȫְ֮Уֿʼˡ
սһֻˡùһǳعԨ֡
Ʋס¡
عԨԶΪҪ̣عԨ֣ʱǣǵ
Ŀ£˳عԨĵ绰
ι˿ڡ
󣬵绰Ƕ˲ûκعԨĺ˱˴ֻĬ֪˶ãعԨŴ˹
ҡûյЩ΢΢ɳƣò˵ͻȻɤ뿪عԨҺ󣬾ͺûϵ֪ôģҲ֪
֪Ӧһִ࣬ȴڴʱСټϡңŵҲģջʣʲô£
ʱôعԨʡ
⶯˶
С
һԶٷعԨʡ
΢΢ѹѹ´
ʱһԶٷǼ򵥵سԶٷô򵥡ϵʱ֣ʱģˡһθ˵ķִ̫ˡҪиص㣬иʱ䣬úģθ黭һľš
СȥĶʡ
ǵһ׵ǼҲ
׵Ĳʼ׵ĲҲʼա
áӦˡ
Ӧ󣬳عԨȥ㡣
áӦһԷ˵ȴҲֻǴӦһԷѣĽӴûʲôҪˡ
Լȥ
ܾعԨҲû˵Լ뷨ûм֣Ӧһá
ûʲô¶ˡ
˵ֻ꣬õǰ˹Ҷϡ
绰һҶϣסսʹлһһʴĸоֻŵһԣһ̧ͷ
ٵϷ˻󣬴ٵ뿪С
-
ǵһ׵Ǽʱ򣬳عԨѾˡǵһ׵ǸλãعԨ˹ȥ
뿪عԨļҺ˾ûҲûټعԨֻһûȴоعԨֱࡣҹĺˮİ£Եĺˡڣɽδֵĳ̶
˳عԨĶ档عԨĿ⿴ʱҲûʲôֻЩС
ϵ飬˶Զ˺ܴ˺ġ
ǰعԨĿջأûٿ
˶ˣعԨ˲˵Ͱɡ
Ӧһӹ˵š˵͵һʱһģһ˰ȴҲûԵĶ󣬵һݺ͵һʱһģһĲƷ
;ɣ˵ҪĿҲΪ˳Էͣ˲˵뿪Ů˳Ĭû˿ڡ
عԨסҲһ磬סڳعԨˮʱһۣ
첻ֻԷô򵥰ɡ
Ŀֱ˺ࡢ㡢ľչǰعԨ˵ţˮ󣬰طˮ
ǡعԨӦһ
ȴ˵ȥ۾ЩâЩУ֪ڴʲôڴعԨ˵ʲôƭԼһô
ǳعԨĻڴ
ǸعԨ˵̧Ҳ顣ҺһҲ㳤Բ𡣡
ĿǱͱһȻְ˳ѪֱۺͰ
عԨǸʵ뷨ǵģ̸ܱǸһʼʱûи˵
һ絶
ڳعԨ绰ʱϣţϣعԨ֮飬ŲͬĽ͡ˣϣʲôͬĽأ
̧ۿ˳عԨĿһ̶ˮ˺ܾúܾãЦһǼԳ
ΪʲôҵǸأʡ
ųعԨϵЦһ˿һ˿𣬵
Ǹ˵ҾøЩ
-
ͳعԨ׽ˡ
ûձײ˺һģһʱģɣǸ֤ʵȷʵŮѣ
Ҳûԣ뿪˲
عԨڿϣıӰ뿪ߡıӰʧ󣬳عԨջĿ⣬ǰˮ
ˮˮصӳףعԨԼ۵׵ıӿӿ
뿪󲻾ãǵĲҲˡţţžĳعԨЩҽǰվһ԰صȴš
ɡعԨû̫ã˵һ
һѹǲûѹ˵ĸоֻԱˣĵ񣬷·ɷĩ
ĻŸҽǰţŷǰﻹһݣǶλСġ
λСѾ뿪ȻʲôûĺãӦòٻˡ
ҪΪ𣿡ʡ
ллˡ˵˵Щþе󣬻Ŷ˵һ䡣
Լһô
˵꣬ᣬ̷һԣõ
˵󣬷뿪˿ԡ
-
عԨһ춼ûϰࡣԴϴεĴĿɺ󣬹ûдϰҲôתˡʹڣҵ˶ڸ˾ְæµš
һ࣬ʦ칫ҵʦǶ׷°ˡԾԼĹλϣæµš
ϴεĴĿȻֻһССʦĿϣҲ֡һСʦ˵ҵϵĿ϶ҲҪһԷĹҲո
ʦĶǱ߽ϵĹЩҪϲѯѯϺס
ЩЩʮѶвĵطͻڵ̳ԡдп˸
߷޸иⷢȥǱ߾˻ظһ¡޿ظĽͣéٿͷȥˡǸչûһ룬޻ͷȥһǸظ˵IDʱԴһ¡
ѹŵһԣ㿪Ǹ˵ҳһл˽š
ޣлΪĽۣû뵽ҾȻܵõĽ̫˼ˣ
޸հ˽ŷȥǱ߾ͱѶԻǵʾˡ롭
ˣ
ǣ֮͡
ޣ
GIAOжôƽ׽
ޣʵռ˿ҷǳϲǰϰĽĿ
˵꣬о˼Ŀ
ǣڹԨĹң
ǵĻش𣬷ʮ㣬
ޣǵģĿǰǹҵʦˣǰʱǹҵǸĿҲв롣
ǣη
ޣ
໣
ޣǰ
ǣԨعô
ʱȥҳعԨڶ죬ȥݾ˵ȥˡ
ޣ˵ǰʱϰȥȼ𣿻ˣǰġ
ǣȼ٣
ޣ԰δϰ
ǣŮˣ
ޣ԰֪𣿡
޷仰󣬾ͺˡڲۣôô˵ϰĺѣϰŮȴ֪ȴʣⲻ˵ϰﲻҪ
ޣǸʵҲһûá
޽һ䣬ƺȴعԨ顣
ǣҪ߽ʱ֪ͨǡ
ò˵ǰҰοǿ
ޣ԰԰
ǣô˵ҶŮЩˡƬô
ޣûС
ǣź
޿ǰôźͻȻһʱһĹ֪ˣҲû˵ʲôƬҲˡ
ޣͬУҸҡ
ǣãллˡ
õǰĸл޸Ӹɾʮ㣬һʹӹȺͬҪδϰƬȻֱӷǡ
ڵǰֻò˵з޵죬Щͦġ
ǳعԨȥȼ٣ǳعԨŮȴ˵Ĺϵȷʵô׽ҲԶ˵ز
ֵʱ򣬷ѾƬ˹Ƭһɲǣеʶ⿪ˡ
Ƭһ´ӵǰվ


48 
з޵˷ĳعԨŮѵƬ, ĳһģһڿƬʱԴհƬ̡λ, ϸꡣ
ǻгһģһ, ǳعԨ˶εԸʧȥ, ҸһŮ˱ض
عԨȥʱ, , , ޵Ϣַ˹
ޣϰϲ, СǸʦ, ˵һʶġʱСڲʦ, պñϰʶˡһ𣬻ΪСĸ׺ϰĸʲôϵҲ֪, ϰݵģȻŮѶŵԵġ
û, ޾ͰĹϰİ¸һ顣عԨЩ£ΪԭҲǲ֪ġϰߵ, ҴС϶С, ϵĸȥǹҵҲ֪ˡ
ϰСİ, ҽֵͦĽġҪ֪˵Ĵ, , ҵ໥ĽʵЩס
޵Ϣ, ǿݣüͷ塣
ǣǣ
ޣԣǶС㡣
ǿŷ޵Ϣû˶
ں˵ϰİԺǾûٻعϢˡɻһ룬ӦǺ棬ֱӴ绰ȥϰˡ
Ҫȥϰ壬ϰ϶Щ˭ģǻ᲻˵
뵽޺֪Щš˵ϰƽ׽ˣǱϰ˵ϰİܲʲôϰ忪ĵ¶ɣ
޵һ
-
뿪󣬴򳵻СлڿΣǿžˣΣ뿪л˼ҡ
ͳعԨһôЩ죬ؼҶǳعԨ͵ġżԼЩӦˡճվ̧ͷ˵վŵĸ׺Сš
С̲裬·ϷеӣĸһߵĹľԿʱʱĸ׻ֻһСţСġ˰Ļ棬ӿߣ۾һɬ
ˣˣҹ紵̧ĨĨ۾ʱСҲͷһ
衣
˵ţСһܵǰ
Сһﱧס˫ȣסĺ󱳣Цűסô
԰ûй㳡裬Һųȥ԰ҲҲˡСŽ꣬һ̲˹ȥ˵ϰˣ˱̲裬ҲС
ܺ갡˸˯ˡĸ˵Żʱ򣬺õҲߵŮߣЦŶһ
СŰѱ̲Ѿһˣ̲ȫˮ顣ʪһƬƶǱˮ࣬ʲôѿð˳
衣źõһ
Ůţõ̧ͷŮ˷ƵӳЩ·ƵĹâ̧֣Ůޱߵ鷢˶Цŵ߰ɣǻؼҡ
ۿ䡱ˡ
ôʹ࣬ԶůģԶ˵ȴؼҡ
áЦŵͷ
˵꣬Сվм䣬ǣŵ֣ɻͷһǰţŮ˳żҵķȥ
-
СƱǲʲô˵ĸСź˵ķ֮ĸײʲôԽûСſڵȣȥ˵վڡ
һǣ֣߻˼̲һûȣСȥϴ裬˯ˡ˯Ժĸ׻
ĸɳϣ˫Ҳϴ裬վܸĸϸɾʪ¶ȡ߹ȥĸߣĸ׿ʵʲôˣ
ڽ֮ǰûĸ˵ͳعԨֵ飬ڳعԨǸԺǳ׾ġ
ĸףĸȻƽ۵׵ĵ޷סĸ׵֣ѵЬתɳĸ׵ϡ
Һͳˡ
ĸձߵֲһ¡
Ϊ仰˰ĸûжͷֲڵļձߡ
ҵŮѹɡ
ͳعԨֺȥҵĸסĸ׵ĶԻЩž˵飬κεǺ͵ǻڣ⡣ֱĸ˵仰еظܵǺ͵ĸо
ĸĸײȥδΣĶԷǶôĶԷʲôȹĵǲѹ
ĺˡ
ֲǺӣǳˣ˲ĸ׵ġûϣ̧ͷĸףšЩѹǸ÷ֻǵ÷֡
˵֪꣬Ϊʲôô
ĸ׵˵Ҿ
ЦЦͷסĸ׸ݵҽʱһᣬﶼǰǸ˵ĺաǸ˽ҳһģһΪϲҲ⣬ֻΪҳһӰӡҽܲİ飬Ը֡
ĸ׼򵥲뷨
õǸͥŮûǰֻǸڼĸˣһûʶܶ飬ҲûоͰ顣
һ϶ʶνʾͽˡ˵ģΪعԨϲǰŮѵӰӣݰ⣬֣ںõ˵ȫⲻ˵ġ
֪һ㣬ĸ˵۾Ҳһ˿µ񣬶ĸЦԲ裬̫ǿˡ
ǿǺ¶õ
̧ۿ
õνĴİ飬жԼȨô֧ġ
˵۾õͷŮĿ⡣۾︲һ⣬ظա
ǰʱΪŴҵѶΪԸ˺ܶˡõʱһ˳ܣֻ¿Ӳᷴǳ䣬뿪Ǹߣ֪ʵôҸ
ֻ¸Һֹ۲ķѶϣ˳עкӹ
ϲҲڵ
ڣöϣȻҲۣ˰̺˾ͺˡǲϣǸ˿ھһֱϲˣʹһӡû£ʲôǻԶСš
˵꣬õһЦ
ܡ
-
ںͳعԨ֮down˹ȵסϻؼңĸ׺Сup
ּ˵Ĺʧʹಢ֡ڶ죬Ⱦٱʹֵȥϰˡ
˵ʧˣǺиʦְҵġѹڿ
ڿκܿ꣬ѧмҳѧҳ뿪ű˼£˽
˽һſڣЦЦΪ˭ء
˭Цʧҳ
֣ѵؿϣûͳعԨֵ黹ûǽأǻӡ뵽ʵ
ҳȻû㣬һ˧ˡ˵ղ˵Ļʵʵʲô
ҲĻ˹ȥʵң˭
ȷʵɻҲֵͦģϰ󣬳˳ءʣشλֵ˵ǣ˵˵Ȼͻ
ղ˵ɶǰѰ
û˵꣬Ѿ뿪˸ٽҡ
ڡǡ֣һʼʱģ֪󣬾ؿΪʲôпΪǶա֡
Ȼ֣ʱʹعԨعԨ˵ǲûʲôϵ
Щνˣڹؼ
ûмǣΨһ֪ľǴθǸз޵ڵĹ䣬֪ǳعԨĹѣͬѧͺϻˣϵͦġֻǺعԨعǾûʲôϵˡ
ʲôֵ롣
ͳعԨǵĹϵΨһ뵽ĿȰͳعԨͺá
϶ǲعԨͺõġ
ŵʱѾеĻҡڵǸʮҵˣΣţž͹
ڿʱҲѾ̧ͷ֮Ǵλվ
ϣ´עӣ΢΢ЩڡջϵĿ⣬̧ͷ˶ʵң
ʶˡ
ڿһ̣϶֪Ϊʲô˸ֽҲ֪Ϊʲôʶˡ
ЩҪ
ǳЦЦ㡣
֮ȴģɵ˵ôһ仰ǰİˣʵʲôô
硣ҽܵ
ǵҽܣ
񾭲


49 
ûаĻ, ˵˵ʣǳعԨģ
۵׵İûʧ, ƽЩǰδ˵
ǲ֪巢ʲôǹⲻ, ǿǰ׷ʲôˣ
ǰµǸʱû뵽عԨȰͳعԨȻ˵Լĸ, ˵ǰ飬عԨ˵˲١
˵ٶ, ͳعԨǲܵġ
ûشǵĻ, عԨȰҸͺõİɡ˵, ð׷ѿˡҲȥһװűŮ˵˽, οǸŮ˸ҳһģһûʲôĻذɡ
˵, ΢һףҪ뿪ҡĻʱѾӻҵλվ
Ԩûϲˣװһֱ㰡ӹҵڣһֱˣһֱ㡣С, ͹Ԩ֮ǲʲôᰡ
ǽг֡гʱ, ԭҪ뿪Ů, ͵һ¶סˡǱ׹ᴩ壬񾭣ڻعͷʱ۵׻Ļǡ
Сǡ
Լ֣ķӦǲǵˣҲǵԼˡعԨȻһ𣬿Ҳõݣûи˵
ǵԣСҶĶŮԨһؼңڿ٣ʶһˡǰһӴѶȫޣ⻹һμ㡣
ǵĻԺ뵽ǵʱѯʳعԨǷǵʱعԨķϡ
ƭȷʵǵáΪʲôƭȥǣ
Ѿ˸˿ڣǳعԨȴ˸ѣ˿ָһСӡۣЩӦ
عԨ»һ滰ô
·ӿѪҪӿˡ
ϴˡʹǱŻòҲԼĸĸĸҲҺܱǸĲ⣬Ҳǡ
㸸ĸôĻ㸸СʱȥˣĸҲʮʱȾ֢Ҳȥˡںӣһֱסּҡ
Ǳһ£ͷ۸һԣɰͰ͵ۡ
Щ̫òұǸʧȥãҸĸ˫ɣЦЦ
ǿɫѡҲֵ֣ͬʱᶨ
Ҳ䣬ġҶҵȻûһܾãҲϴԼѪԵáǵ˵꣬ǼǲţǿDNA⡣
DNA⡣
DNA⣬ĵ˵ĸ˫˳ƽ
ͲˡҺĸҲDNA⣬ĸסţҿҺļⱨ㿴
ƶǸ˵סˣǾૣôܡ
ûʲô£ˡ
С㣡Ѿ˳ƺ
ͷѾߵǰ
ǴεDNAΣϣܹһæҵȥһ顣˵
΢üûܾǼ꣬òҵһ˿ֻǿ˵֤ݣҲô򵥵š㣬æģô
˵ţһ

ǰ̬˱΢ѹĵ׷ӿĲá
ӦЦҪͷȡȡ֮ǰô
˵꣬ǰַ£ЦŵͷȻ
ͷͷյߡ˵ͷѡһͷͷҲصس˻ҡ
нһ
-
ǵͷԼĸٽң֮ͷŽһܷСǵıǩһЩǻط뿪ٽȥϴּ䡣
ͷԺѾܲסЩ췢飬Ҳ֮仵ͰһŻȸŻ꣬Ѫ̧ͷ̧ͷѪҺ壬Ե˹ͰǣֱͰϡ
ԺһƬհףͰϷſգȴһЩ˵
ҵŮĶӣСš
䣬ĸ룬㸸ףǰ˳ܾãҵˡ
磬㲻ţȥDNA⡭
Ķ䱻ЩƣյԴҪѿͰϣǱˡ
ûйȥļ䣬ֻͨ˵ĻȷݡһʼΪĸ׵İСŶ䣬ΪDNAⱨ棬ڵ
һһΣǽ⿪Լֱܿ˰֪ϣȻǸִµ
Ǹģ־˭
ȥƬգDNAⱨ棬ʲôߣΪ˭
ӵĸ׺ͶӵӵвƸ䣬ǡعԨľɰ
˵ǻһ˳ӣѯԼʱǸ˳ӾѾƫ˴𰸡ѡѣΪҪĲͬ
ŵʱǸ˳ƫ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôعԨǵãȥϻļˡأйϵȴ˵ĸҲʶ룬һΪʲô
ϻ֮󣬳˸㻨Ǯ˼ƷǶͳعԨദںͳعԨìʱҲڳعԨġкDNA֤Ů
Ϊʲôʲô
ͰϣĺԿǽשϣ顱һģԴ𵴵Ŀհס
벻Ҳ벻𣬵Щ飬ȷʵ˽ˡ
-
°ȥһ˳ıĸײɢĸŮһֱû˵ˡûҲûǲģ̫СģԼ˵ʲô˼룬Ծûϵ
֪Ҫó׼һӵͣţ룬ЦŽ衣
ԭڿģҲЩ̫гһ衱˿ӭס
Ϊ㻹
סĸףЦЦҵĴôܻڹǸģ˵̫ˣϣ費Ҫ⡣
ʲôЦô˵Ҳ׷ģ̧ۿ۾ǴȰĲԣһȻ룬ͲҪˣΰ㣬ҪԼ뷨Ϊء
ĸ׾ˣˣҲЦЦ
ĸŮ꣬Էɡ
˵žҪɿ֣ȴһ£衣
ţعͷ
̧ͷͷֵͷֹҲðɡһͷˡ
˵ţָùͷλáĳɢģܿҵǸͷİ
ûʲôоЩ󣬸һۣȴû⣬ֻʹܻа׷ģˣȳԷɡ
áЦЦȥ˲
-
ڳԵģԹ֮ͻ˼ҡСźĸ׻ûüȥվǸճ˸յСſڵ
ôôͻˣ
ССһȥ裬õҲ˹ȥһɫҪԺЩҲЩĻ̧ļЦŵ°ͻˡ
ЦõҲЦæʣأû
~ЦӦţôͻܶԼɡ
С̧꣬ͷôͶԼˡ
СŵĻõһЦָԴ£У֪ˡ
˵䣬õˣϱ·ֲ߾͵˼·ˡǰվţվСŵĺ档
õţϡ
˵ʱֱ۴ӺõļǰÿÿʱõһһСŶ
ôˣʡ
ղ뿪ʱͷƤǱҧһ¡һ֣ûʲôղźʲôֵͷˣû¶
˵ţõû⣬߰ɡСţǰúÿŵ·
Ŷ꣬СӦһ֪
ˣСһгһųźõ㳡Ĺ԰ķȥˡ
-
ȥһDNAġ
ϴϤһ̣λᳵ·ֻϴֻĸҪһЩ˼Ӽ
Щ뿪DNAģǴûЩһع鵽Լɻûʧ߳ʹԺʹֵҲߣиѹĵȻӦûӦʧʹ࣬Ȼʹࡣ
Ȼ񲢲ô⣬ûʧʹʱʹķݼⱨ浽ˡ
DNAⱨյķDNAļĹļķļֱСţͺõ룬ǵĻ⡣
ķDNAٵϣ˿ΰļˡ
ûм䣬ǻ򲻻˵ѣ֪˭DNA
ķݼⱨ򿪣һһ鿴űĽķݱ棬յĽۡ
䣬


50 
DNAⱨȥ롣
Ǹ, ûô˵˵̢ȥʱ򣬵̢Сɢ, һ, š
, ˳, պ, ̢տ, øԡ
뱨⿰, Ʒڹûʲôɸ, ֻԼЩĥʱ䡣ϴ˸ԺûٻԭҲҪع, ͳعԨôˡ
϶Ů˵֪Ů, ҲҪŮ, Ϊĸ
ûһۣ˿ɳǰ£ļ˲ϡ
ҺûѪԵϵҴˡ
ԭҪȥõ̢, Ļ, вֻʣͷ, ûиɫ, ֪ʲô顣
˵ʲô뵽, ߵ, ֱߵļⱨ棬ĿջأõʲôǰǷݼⱨ㲻ȥ⣬ҲԿҺĸŮϵõһô£
ԣϴβĽȷʵĸŮϵһΣͬĽȴǲͬġһDNA⣬ӺǱһͷݸΣԼָģҪĴνȻԼȡΡ
Ǵȡ֮⣬ûעǷԼͷȡͷͷѾϣֻ˸ȡͷӡͷĸ׵ġ
ĸ׵ͷ˭ģʡ
۵׳׻ˡ
ҡ뻹ܸͣܵõԭףֻǲ㵥ѪԵѪԵҲûˣǶԸİˡ
Ůְҽܸ˳عԨͬعԨһˣ൱թƭҵթƭȥǣҲǣɷ򣬻ˡ˵ֻĸŮһֵ̫ѿ
̫侲ˡ
ŵò֪ǺõʱȴһǰԤ·һšⳡµöĽǱɡ
ǻǵ˵˵вԼ
ǳ
۾⽥ڹâһ̣ṴһЦ
Ȼ
-
ҵʱԳعԨΡعԨ˵ǵãõDNAʱԺйʶعԨԺ飬ͻȻʹһŵ
Ǹ̫£ȥ룬ʱ
ڣ׿ڸ𰸣Ǳ˸飬һͬĻࡣ
ͳعԨֶ絶Ķûˡ
뿪ȥ˳عԨĹҡ
飬ǳعԨһ֣عԨھ⣬ֻһһһ߽ľֱȦűöġ
һֱǸˣǳعԨ
ӵֱ˳عԨİ칫ҡ
칫⣬ļϲؽһС㡭
û꣬˽ȥʣ˽յİ칫šϵЦһ٣ŸղģûҼ뿪ԼĹλȥ档
ȥʱ򣬳عԨڹЩʱ̧ͷһۡµͷȥֻعֿ

عԨû֣ķDNAⱨ棬ˤǰİ칫ϡ
ˤֱ֮㶵վǰˣһУҪ˵ʲôգЩһؿըѬ۾
һ°ɡ
սʱж壬ھж侲侲Ժ󣬰ҡ
عԨһۣղıⱨ棬ע֡ͺõСţ룬ǡ
ǵ֣عԨ̧ͷȥˣ
ȻأóعԨͺ󣬳عԨȻ˵ôһ䣬꾹Ц˳һǵ֣Цŵûκμ䣬һŰֽΪˣͿŰֽϻӺīҵô
֪Ȼкܶ࣬ٶҲֻͳعԨطعԨЩǰ飬֪ҲûҲͻá
عԨ۽΢ҵĴ
ÿκͳعԨĶţһöײһƣȴ˵ص棬صĻըˡ
ǳعԨڶθǸһΣ˺ΪǿԼͻ˵طѾˡ
Բ𣿡Цһ㻹ǻؾᡣ
عԨ̧۽޿۵Ǻ嫵İߡֻһ룬ջߡ
ҳعԨܵġ
عԨ㹻ҲԼеĿġ
ȻعԨǱиܡһܣϳûоﻮһУ߽Ȼһʱһһ
ǳعԨȻйء֪ϵּˣҲᣬ顣
Ϊʲôǰʲôڵ˺ҪԸԼ֣¶֡
ǰ׷ʲôʡ
ֻһǳعԨ
ûҪ֪عԨ
Ҿȥǡ
ᵽǡعԨսҲ㡣
ƾʲôԼңñ˲ңعԨ㵱ҵ˭ˣ
仰ÿ仰Ǽĵ̣ϡعԨάűȶֻҵġ֪ҲҪȥּˡǲֵǵǡ
ǲֵҼǵǣųعԨĻǰˣ۾ŲŵļҵļˣǲֵҼǵǣһİˣֵҼǵˣ
ĻһһֵĴ˳عԨĶĿϵĵûˣ౻Ļˡ
-
˵ǷҲһ¡عԨعԨĿǵ̣ЩֻʵİĿջأȻת뿪˳عԨİ칫ҡ
֪ԼΪʲô˵Ƿδ֪Ŀ־屻̽ѯͰŵ̫ˣľ͵˱ıԵ˵ʲôʲô£˼ˡ
ʹ޳عԨһУʣعԨûʲô˺顣ȷʵνļ˸һЩ
ĸ硣
ʧ꣬ĸĸȥּûҹ֪ôҵ˳Ҳǲ֪ӳعԨϢ
֮˵Ϊ˵Ϊ˳عԨعԨǵļֵ󡣶ͳعԨĹϵͳعԨһ
飬ûмԺܾ֮öּ˵⡣
֪ججߵе¥¡ݵ1¥һ죬ſ˽ȥ

ڵſʱͿЩĲɵȷʵĲɣֺ̧кʱû
ؽһŻعأĿ⸴ӶãȻ΢ס
С㡣
ʱؿDNAⱨ棬һ
ںشк󣬾Ͱ˵ݵĹżŻδأһֻϸֱ۵˵ǰ
ԭ˵ݵ˵ݣסĸ첲ЦŶ
С㣬Ӧ°˰ɡҪҪȥҼҳԶٷ


51 
ͷһۡ
, ЦӯӯؿڵȴĻشݵĴ߳, κ˵ͷ
á
Ӧ, Цݼȥ³, ҳͣ
˵, ְ̧˵ݰťť𣬵Ӧرառգݻ, ܿ죬˵¸㡣
˵ͣؿĸ첲߳ݣҳǱ, ߰ɡ
˵ţִȥĳߡ
ӦȥҳԳԷ, صĳδһԡżһ, ƾشӵĸ, Ȼϵ˰ȫ
˵ʱ, صĻһֱûͣ˵Ҳ޷һЩ, һЩϵ, Ƥʲݣ޹ʹ
Ҽ֮ͦóԵģ˵عԨҲ, ûԹ, ôصĻܿת˽ϡ
, ̧һۣԡ
ߺ~غЦһлһҪһ¡
Ц˵Ŀɨŵķļ棬ʵղžˣõʲô
ջؿصĿ⣬ͷһϵĶDNA⡣
˵ֿ̧꣬أʧˣкܶңǶ˵ҵˣ飬Ǿ˭˵滰
ʣ鵽ˣ
𣺡鵽ˡ
˵󣬳˶ݵĳĬһЦͷ鵽˾ͺá
һǲ֪ǰ顣
һڣصЦ΢΢գŶ
߱糣أС֪ĶôСҲҡ
˵꣬һƬ
˵ʱ򣬾ʹеΪĵΪعԨµһ˿Σûȥ롣ףеҲˡ
عԨڵһμʱ֪ûżϡһЩ׼ĸΪĸ֤ݣ˳عԨǸĸ׵ͷ⣬Ǯһڵĺա
ʱյʱƬԿЩӽ͹˵ǵˮӦPSۼԲ˵
ƬPģPƬء
ʱѩջᣬ˵غĪ˵һ䣺PͼҲʱʲô֪仰Ҳδ롣ϸʱǾ仰ʵҲйء
عԨһ壬ƱҪ׽˰֮ؾǰعԨˡ
عԨ˽ԭί֪ԭίԲŻѡ˵ΣҪ֪ġ֪Ҳѣ֪ģԺ룬Ը
ԷʱŴӦ롣
ԵĳĬţؿųѾ֪˭ˣԸԭίô
Ļӵ˺̵ԣŮ˲ɲͣǰͷһۣǰǿԸ㡣ֻǴҴӦϹҪˡ
أиĹصĻڳʧǰسһЦ
ǣϹҸ㣬Ϲ㲻ͺˡϹ㣬ͲҸģԲԣ
ŮЦƯĺ۳ƤһգԭµĹµȼ
ԡЦ
-
ؼҲסڳعԨЩ롣ڳһ߼ԢڣԢգҰҲģؼԢԪĶ¥
ԢһһƵģİƽĴƽ㡣ˢ˵ݿݿֱУݼ䣬ؿָһ䡣
֮һˣ
Ůص֮鷿ôô磿
һҵ־ᰴʱȥû뵽쾹ȻԼˡ
֮뿪鷿Խߵʱվŵ
ڻЬЬ󣬳֮СܹȥֱϣͷЦŸ˵һ˸Է
֮ͷһӣֿشÿЬƽشк
С㡣
ĵ֮ûгԾӲ¶΢΢ףˡ
ţ֮˵꣬شȥ˿
˿֮ȥ˲ˮ裬ڿɳˡ֮ȥʱ򵥴һصļҡ
Ӱʦ֮ҽǼҵҲ˵ķ񡣷԰ɫΪЩװѵƷ⻹һЩ鱾Ҹ˵ĸоѧƯ
ǼҺƯ~ʱҲһԼļЦһ䡣
أЦЦԣƯ
ɳһЦ
Ǹ۵Ĵˣʹأ޵ٺҲ㹻еĻӱΪ۵Ĵڡ
ƯŮЩΣոУҲȷʵˡ˼ҺϸɳһֻĹСꡣ
ϵı仯ΪҸ㹻İȫУж»Ӳ̣ʵ
֮˵عԨƵģװҲǵʱװʱʹعԨ˵֮Ƶþͺܺãûʲô޸ĵġҲǣʦӦöԼķ񣬺˵ȥӽ˵ķȵƸѡص
˵꣬ʣعԨװҲɣ
˳عԨԡ
ʼ֮˵׷ӣ칫ҶԼƵġԼƷ񣬳סţǰ顣벻ôǱĬҲٽ
˵꣬ؿŲ֮Ц԰֮
֮ӡ
ǳԶô򵥡֮ĵһʱҲDNAⱨ档֮⣬عԨҲ˵һЩ⡣һ룬ҲѲ²ⷢʲô
ջϵĿ⣬֮豭£һߣѲ豭ݸء
ǡ֮شһ
ظղ˵ǷȻû˼ҲˡعԨǰ飬סİ칫Ҷûķ̫ͻںõദУǣļ䣬ȥ顣
عԨʲôΪʲôȥ顣
еԵɣ֮żɽ
ȥ˺ң
飬ʶһǹȥʹĻ䡣
ûС֮
֮ش꣬üͷ΢иһ˿ֺͲΡ
Ϊʲô
֪֮ȥ飿
֮˵̧꣬Ϊ֪ǰ顣浽һȻԥһ˲
ǡ
õĴ𰸣֮Ծûʲô仯룬
ǳعԨѣ˵飬ʧƫġԼȥ̽ѯһ£Լ֪ģܱȱ˵ĿŶȸҪЩ
֮˵꣬ЦЦ̽ѯʧˡ
ʧ䣬ҲᶵתתôһȦҵأҵ֮
ҿ֮
֮˵꣬һ̧
ô룿
-
֮Ĺ䡣
֮ĹǺļҸ뿪ģһռ䡣İͨҽ칫ҵװ࣬ܣ칫ɳһΡ
ȥ֮ɳϡ
ɳϣУº󣬷˻
֮׼飬ʵȷô
̧ͷһ֮ȷ
عԨҲпԷѡһעǶαʹĹȥڣҪǶμ䡣
ܹȥʹ࣬ڣ̤ʵصһ㱻˰ڲҡ
ʼɡ֮׼ãԵϡ
α̧ۿ֮֡˵޳ȥʱָɿһöԲε׹ӡ
ûб߹ȴǼġĿǴԲε׹ϣ֮˵ʶһƬհ
ȥļǿհףǱļ䣬ǲհ֮¡հ׺Ƭհ
-
ʮʶعԨġ


52 
˵ʶ񻰱Ŷ, ּĵһ죬ڿүүʱǴųعԨ, ˾ڿ档
ڼô󣬴м, ҵͼΪƶࡣǸ֪ңĸǸʦ, һڶ׶Ҹš
ҾȻƶмõĸĸףǸºŵˣĸֹۣȡ˸ĸ˵Ըڰ³ʮǰ, Ҹġ
ֻв, ꣬׳ȥ, ĸ׵ʧȥ׵Щ󣬱øΪƶƶ, ĸŮ֣, ֱʮ, ĸ֢, û£Ҳ御
ˣ˹¶
ĸ׻ʱ, ʼһһ򹤡, ֱһ, ּҵּҵŮϲǹ¶үү̣岮һֵܽá
ּͻȻ³ֻ̬ȣʮ꣬ѧѧѧѣԶ򹤵ܸġDNAȶԺּ˴ּҡ
ĵһεţزүүʹ̸µ۰岮Ҳĵοж
Χһȥ䣬Ҳּҵ
ּ˴á
ôкܶ໪ˣּǻңϸͿʼּҾּģҴҵӵ㹻ĵλͽǮҴû뵽ԼᵽŨĳ谮
ּҺүүһүү̶谮ּңҪģүү̴û˵֡ҵŮĻϲүүҲĵһתá
ּҵּͬʱøǵͬѧعԨĽӴҲࡣ
ŮһһεĽӴУ㺡ףعԨߵһ
ںͳعԨһǶʱ⣬ĵʱ⡣عԨǸŵˣʹ꣬Դκ˴Ϊϸġڰ£ֵš
ҸУҲЩİ
ּ˵ⴳģӵͬѪʮŽּңֵܽ˵ǵĹϵԶԼ
ͳعԨһ󣬺ǵãý㱬һγͻ
ʶعԨ֮ǰýԳعԨѾ㺡û뵽·ɱѳعԨغý֣үүѵýУý˼ҡ
˵鲻ȺǴεìлܵӰ졣֪˳عԨعԨûܺýһ𡣶ûý㣬ᶨĺһ
˵ĸڽ񣬾ӭ˴ڡ
شڵķΧŨ񣬿ڻ˽ֵڵջͦŨҵġعԨļ˶ڹڣҲ˹뿪ôǰعԨ˵ʮ꣬һͬسؼҡ
سؼң϶˴ˣҪ飬Яһ
õȥͱ˳عԨ뿪˼ҡ
ǴعԨԭļƻһȥѧУĻؼҾͲּ˹̸ּҲΪعԨѧУ齫Ҵ齫ʱýʱ򣬾ǣ顣
ǸʱǳˣΪּʮŽؼҡ
ΪߣΪүүġ֮ǰĸףҲΪߣΪүүʮ
ּҴ壬Լ˴ʦּүүزʱּҾ׵ָһڣø׵үүֵ
ּͬҵΪ͸׳ΪƷΪүү˽˽ӣ˽ŮΪɷŲò۰мӡýͳعԨʱҲվߡ
ǲõġ齫У̴һ㼥ΪүˣǰְֲҲͳôʦ˵ӣȷʵǹõġѾͷ˼֮ǰְֵѾӲʡʦ˵ҪǴѾͷԽãЧҲԽãԵʱСֳؼү飬ǰѾͷ
˵һѾͷȨ֮ơְȥ磬ҲˡˣǺͳؼү߶߶СȵĻ»Ͱ϶ˡ
齫˵Ļ齫Цŵĸǧ
ͨ䣬ǱŸѪ
Ϊ۰ֿڼ˵мҸʱʵνġˡΪүү
֮ȥôãΪּͬķʽүү
ּҵʲôĻѨǿߣ
Щͻ֮УһֱˣǱǸûеõǵ۰õҸƫ谮ٵġ
ﷱ꼻һ֡
齫ⲻ֪վ˶ãʱ齫컰Ѿ̸ֳȺͳعԨδĻ¡̺̾ǡ֮ϡԵУ뿪ּҡ
һʼ֪Ϊôּģ֪ˣּұضܼ֪ʦ˵Ǽ٣и׵ʵȣҲòš
Ƽһε˽ϡ
ʱ֪Ǻãֻּ֪ҡּ֮أҪʲô
֪
ŵ˶ûС
ųعԨôعԨּԨԴô֪ԼΪôڱּô
عԨӦǲ֪ġּҵȫȫûҪóعԨðϴֳô󣬳عԨҲǼᶨվߵġ
гعԨﲢǹ¶һ˵ģгعԨ
ֻ绰عԨǳعԨڷɻعڵķɻϣ޷ͨ绰һһشţһһرʾԷ޷ͨ
ڵļôŶëĴѩûѩУһһĿĵţűߴŵ绰һӭʻĿײˡ
ʧȥʶʱѾ
е飬ָ֮󣬺˳ˡ
عԨû˺ǶݵУعԨĹ⡣
ڻָеļ֮һ˷ɻ˹ڽӵͨ绰ʾĳعԨ
ӵͨδͨĵ绰ʼ̫ۺ󣬲ͨĵ绰ʱ˳ĵ绰ѾȫȻͨϵǣ˵֪ȥĶϣǸ֪δҵּȴδ֪ͨʼˡ
ΪʲôΪּΪΪĹߣѾʹһʧٻȥˡ
ּҶ̬ȣعԨѯǣԹҵвǣʱǲŸ֪ǶһС
ǶԴΪ⣬ǼӺߣֻǺּһԹߡүүһ˽ãȻѡүүûв飬Զ˵ǴϣνͳعԨ˵飬ΪǶˣ֪أΪһŮ˶ﻮĽһΪӰ
Ǹ߹ԼҲ͹عԨڵ֪֮󣬺ֵ
ּҸѺ󣬳عԨôأ
ڻɣϣ˼䣬ָоĽ֯Уʹعꡣ꣬ϣţδڼôһһεѰУ
ӣֱŽ
¼ʱʲôأ롣
ǵʱڲûе൱ʱعԨд׸عԨỳһ£Ǹպãע׳عԨдӡ
˼һ˲عԨ˵ʱ¶ЩʲôɡǸ侲ˣڼȻѾеϢ
֪ʵ֪˶ӣʵ֪Ǹʦ
Ǻļ棬һʼɺϣǳعԨĹΪ֪֮Ľ䣬عԨڳȴȥĳطβȥȻż
Ϊ˽ڵһԼ䱦Сغǻţ˽ȻҪһµ
ΪƱϵԼļˣּ˴ػּҡ
ҲȥĻ䡣
ΪּҶ˺Ƕ˺űѺʹ࣬ǽΪһ˰̣ϣǿĿֽ֣һֻпĿ֣ûκ˰̡
ںһһεĽӴУعԨ˽裬Ȼ룬һȱа
߹عԨүү۰ⱲԸϣаְߡ
߳عԨû˲ҪһǮİְ֡
عԨˣǮĸ֪᲻ţĸ׵ͷ
ȥּȻĶعԨȫˡӦþĸ׻ʱͷźĸŮӼʵϣǺԼĸ׵DNAӼ
ʼλð
ڳعԨǮ۰ĸж˧δкõĹµһжõķȥ
ɹõ˳еʦ˵·;˳ֻҪþͺáҲˣĸհͳعԨᡣ
ǱڵʱĵĵڣᡣعԨδǵᣬһһؿšǣ뵽ҹҹعԨ˼ʱҲֻһһؿⱾᡣ
ͳعԨ汬ڹҸȨУعԨΪ֣Ǹʱʲô֪֪عԨʲô飬ԸҲȥ֪أ
ʱʱ֪ôǰаͶݻˡⲢǳعԨݵҪԭҪԭڳعԨԼΪߵ飬˱˺顣
ΪǼ鲻һˣԼֵȥǮĸĸҸ˶ȹһֻҪҸǸǲعԨǶν
عԨľҸΪ׼ġ
水ճعԨİţҸضȹһ
ʱȴ֪ĶõϢҵ߽˳عԨƻͰš
ǲǳҪõ뷨ġĿͨ»ȡͳعԨĺ
عԨΪַּѾҵ֮ìҲûˡһΪãǳعԨ÷ϼס
عԨȨȻûݣմּˣʹ˰̣Ҳ̤ʹ֮С
֪һУȥʱԾûи֪ԭ
ɵģԼģǲܱκúѵġһŰֽСĺǻţҪʹĹȥҪմȾʹļûκηգĿֵضȹ
УعԨдߣһȥҸҸԼ
ô꣬˼꣬Ϊȴܸһʲôʹࣿ
ʲôأ
һֵ顣֪ʱϳعԨָ˵ּ˲ֵʱ˵
ǲֵҼǵǣһİˣֵҼǵˣ
˺һˣԶȱһ˺ѹ
ԼҪˡ


53 
֮ͬ, ֮ȥ˹䡣֮ĹСʱ֮ĹˡɳϣĿ˳ɳ, ߵ, ۲һ, ʵ
ô
Ŀƽ, , ˡ
ô˵ض, ӦһŶ
Ӧʱ, ֮Ҳӹ˳ߵߣ̧ۿǷ΢΢ס
ллǡ
лһЦ, ˡ
ǱԼ, Ǹģ, Ҳ̫ܳԷˡؿһش, ʱˣ֮ɡ
ʱ, ϦѾȫɽӰҪˡ
صĻ, һЦãһҪȥĵط
ŶӦһ
ټ
ټ
, غ֮, Ь뿪, ӦϣӰĿ˻
ջĿ⣬һߵ֮㲻ǴӦعԨô
˵ţŮ˵ĺһ
쿴Ҫ̽Ϣؽ֮Ķؼң˦֮
֮أԼģ˵ġ
أ

Ҳǣԭͨ˹ȥ֮ǰ˸æ˶ѡ
뵽ؿɷ򣺡ƻ
ۣ֮Ҳǳ˹ǡ
غ֮˵껰Ŀֿ˼ſڡŸղ뿪ʱӣ֮һʼͺͳعԨ˵ˣʵʵ˵㿴ڸôһͨᣬֺá
˵һ٣ﲻ̫˽ˡ
˵֮꣬
ָ˵ⷬĳֻ䣬еĹâ΢΢ˡ
Щʧʧʱͷһֻ޳ֻ֡ͷָķ䣬һ࣬Ǳ˵һ۾Ĺâ
ػعͷ֮ջͷ֣ͷǰһڡ
ر۰ΧղŵҲ֪˦˫§ס֮
ˡ
ԭؼҾҪģΪһֱ鵽ڣҲȷʵǶˡ˵֮꣬ƾϣһֱֻȦĺסϸ壬ܺúùš
ʲô֮ʡ
˱ţغţˮһŤţĥĥ䣬ߺ
ѽ
Щ
⡣
-
뿪غ֮ļңŴ⳵˳֪˾ַ󣬴绰ĸס
ûʲôγ̣ԭҪؼҳģ⼸ãĸ׶ҲǶ෽ǣҡ
ι㵽Ķˣõ˹
ЩҪҪЩȥĸ׵
ӵϢĸ׵õġ
룬ĸ׵Ҳпܲȥˡ
˵꣬ĸ׳Ĭ˰ΣӦһУһС˯עⰲȫͺá
áӦһ
˵꣬ĸŮ˹Ҷ˵绰
-
ʱ򣬺ϼһĨոںƽʧĻһ㱡ĺɴɴ֮£عԨļһƬûκεĹ
ûлؼҡ
ӳվڱ⿴һ˱ǽ⣬ؿźȴųعԨ
ϼʧҹĻˡԭģ⣬ڰСʱ󳹵ʧӰֲָֻԶĻ±ڵ
վֵһ֪˶ãԶһҹĻһԶͣ˱ǰ
عԨȥҶʹ󣬾һֱڹʱѾڣƹȫͬǶѾ뿪ˡ
յĹҿһˣعԨھһҲ˼ҡԭΪǴζ֮˲ټû뵽Ȼſڡ
عԨδأߵǰ
վһ
Ǵ˵ľܵ˼Ĵˣ鿴ȥЩ
ұȻعԨ֪ʲô¶һۣȷûʲôʵȶˣ
ûá
˵ţֱ塣ֱʱΪõȶ˵һЩվֱʱƽֱվ˳عԨĶ棬ͷ
ĿԽһ
ѾϨ𣬵ΪδأعԨıųơĳ˵񣬳عԨĿףҲǡ
Ϊ飬е̫ӣڲ֪ԶԷھ
¡عԨȿ˿ڡ
ԡ˵
عԨʲô£
ˡ
˵꣬عԨ۵׵ӿˮȾīˮīˮˮȾڳ
ʲôعԨʡ
ųعԨһϵеı仯ЦһͳعԨˡ
˵꣬ȥ飬Һ㣬Һּҡ
عԨû뵽Ľãȷ顣
Ҳø㳳ܡ
عԨ˵꣬ϵЦʧˡ
ջؿعԨĿ⣬ͷԼƲסͷƺú̧ͷ˳عԨ
ΪʲôøҳܣΪҳܣ̼˹ȥĵּǵ˰̣ʡ
عԨĻһ꣬˽·ȥ飬ƱҲ˽һǳʲôĿġ
عԨıһУȴȥ顣
Բ𡣡عԨ
ΪʲôЦݶˡ
ǰվŵˣʱڸǸΪ̼˹ȥ飬˵Բ
Цݱˣ۾ӳųعԨӳĳ⣬ֱǴ۾ڼձߣڵ֪һк󣬱סҲƲסˡ
ΪʲôңʣûκˣٲҪңҾֻԼˡ
عԨǴžһҲȥʹ뷨ıһеġһжûҪʲô
ĸȥּּãڵ֪һУڿտؼ䣬ڰѩ֮УΨһ뵽ģΨһӵеľֻгعԨġ
ֻгعԨ
˵һˮӿ۾ģǰˮ¾ʧ룬סֱҪοһѱסʧʹ
ԳعԨ˵Ĺȥһ̣ԸûҲԸǵ̡
˵عԨǵϿĻֻܴҪԶֻ̡ܿ


54 
޹, عԨ˼ҡɳϣعԨ˱ˮˮݵعԨһ, ʵѹô
ʵղſǳΪԼ޵, ΪعԨ޵ġ, ҪعԨ, Ҫ
˿ˮԳعԨҶˡ
عԨעĿһ, 𴽽ǣָ̧ķһ, ȥ
˵꣬뿪, ĿıӰ˳, ƶߵ, ʱǲݳݺɡ
֪СǷúͳعԨʱ飬ʱɻ, ǲʶ̶һ£ôôİ, Щ㲻ڼҲϰ
һΰϳعԨ, ԳعԨİ, Ѿ찮ˡ
, δҲûʲô԰Ƿֿˡ
ˮ, һˮˮ, һ۳ķ, Ȼ, ȥ˳عԨҡ
뿪֮󣬳عԨҲûʲô仯عԨʹԶö࣬ûм䣬˴˯عԨֻʹ࣬ڸʹշתࡣ
뵽ǱϿ˶¡Ŀջأȥ˳عԨñ䡣
ñҲ뿪ǰ޼ֻԭ¹ǱᣬȴñɳϡƽλãعԨ顣
߹ȥɳϣǱᡣ
ƬȫڳعԨʱֻʮ߰꣬һΰعԨҲԵã裬ѩ̻
ЩõһӵܣȥĻ䡣ЩƬʱŵʱĻ㣬ܵѩƬڼձߵı
ᣬǶ߆AεļһЩ̵ӡڻ̫
ôܰЩأԺҲˡ
-
ھĴ֮ҲˡعԨ׷
ԵɾعԨһ԰ؿţǷݣʣô

ûôúóԷɢθҲʹ򿪣֪ôࡣθٺãٶҲԲˡ꣬ˡ
عԨЦЦ˱ˮ
ӹˮ˿ˮ󣬳عԨһѲʰȥ˳ϴԺͳعԨصɳϡ
ҹѾˣɳϣ˳عԨĻ˺ɳش¡
ˮȵģϸոձعԨΪУɶ㡣ڳعԨĻ㵱ʱҺСȥHΪ˶㿪ǣ
Ů˵忿ĻͷŵϴЩ·عԨͷ˵⻰ʱƽѾνڹȥˡ
عԨջأǡԭСŽӴһʱȥмƻң㣬ʹȥHС
ڳȥеǰһ죬绰عԨʳعԨܲȥҡӦĳعԨܾˡʱţǴӦҲȥˡ
ǡ
ûʲôϵˡû˵꣬عԨ˵һ䣺£ȥּҡּҶʧȫȻ⣬Ҿ֣˵飬ּ֪ҵĹأĿڣ
飬ҴûЩλͽǮˣ辶ŵƫƫҲЩȷʵЧԴЧ¡
ֻ飬ֻһЩСͺͼŻãؼҶڴ֮ԱǵġعԨڵ֪ȥּҶţּҸѡеĶĸװ֢Ƶͷ
Щꡣ
û뵽ǻҵ㡣عԨ
ʱķDNAⱨȥţʱ֪Ӧ֪ʲôԭڻ˼ôԺΪ¾ͽˣû뵽Ȼֱҵ
ּҶûа顣ҵ˵֮Ĺϵ޷Ǿϴˢȥּ֪ȴһֻ۱һֻ۵񡣻ĹϵһعԨȥ飬ּһѪԵϵ
ּҶûа顣ּңȥּүӣ֮ġĸףǸһֹߣֻõĹܣûѪԵ顣
ԺһֱΪԼûġûˣܼͳعԨˡ
ⲻֲ֪Ϊ⣬ΪѪġ
뵽عԨ㲻⡭
ȥּҡ
ڳعԨû˵ǰĻعͷعԨعԨ۾ո˵Ļ˵ģѾԼ뷨ͼƻ
ǸڱܱŮˣǷ⣬⣬ûҲҪŮսʿ
عԨûзԣֻô룿
عԨԶ֧ģĻЦЦĻҲЩ飬ʹһڣҵ١ҲŹ鲻ţҲܰװױּҡ
ʥĸΨѪԵ۵Ůˣּ˺ڻָȻܾͰ̸ˡ
ּүѾȥˣҰȻ˽ҲּҵѪּҵŲȻҲҵһݡҵһݣҰֵҲøҡ
ּҰֻҪѪԵڣʱ뵽ǴǳѪԵġ
ȻѪԵǾͰǷŲɡ
˵꣬ؿųعԨȴƻۡعԨûʲôֺֻۣ֧͸͡
áعԨͷһ𡣡
ȥּҪŲʱһǻ£ﻹЩû׵ġڳعԨ˵仰͵ˡ
ųعԨЦعԨЦʲôʱȥ
뾡졣ѾҵˣԾ£ּҰʯͷԼĽš
áعԨӦ
عԨӦɳϣĻô
Ǹղźˮֻ߸ճԱ˷ںͳعԨº˼Щˡ
ǰعԨ鶯ӹˮ£ͷ
ڽ죬عԨȫӵûǰ㷲е飬ѡһˡ
عԨֻڵ˵δ˼ǣ۽ṇ̀УЦӦǣ۽ȴ
ɳһһ£ĺнǡ
κ˵ĿռﶼռɳϣϣعԨ˫֧ࡣ۾ӿſ顢һȣ˫۹סĲչȥ
£عԨסǣУƿƣŲдǡ
Ҫؼˡ
ͻȻģ֪֪֪
˵֮꣬ǰҺ绰ˣҸҲȥˡ
عԨ̮壬Ĵ꣬ͻȻȥǲ˵Ҳǻᵣĵġ
عԨ仰ˡ
ȷʵʱĸ״绰ĸֻ˵עⰲȫ治ȥǼһһСָ˯šʱֻ뵽˳عԨĸ׺СŸԺˡ
ѹعԨҲڰ
ԣǻкܳʱ䡣
ԣǻкܳʱ䣬һ죬һ£һꡭһӡ
ﷺ˻
ѾعˣǿһϵĳعԨƵЩܡϴζǵһΣһҹڶͷˡ
Ҫ˵飬ãһԺǾ͸ͣˡ
ųعԨ˸еķӣСĵ˳عԨһ䣺ҪֻһΣ
عԨ
-
鱻عԨˡ㲻ҲʶĲԡҲ˵عԨʱ䣬˵ǿʼ˵һΣ϶ͲֹһΡ
ԣշɡ
˴ɳƽһº±¹ڳ¹ڳ󣬳عԨ˼ҡ
ļ֮󣬳˶˶ּҵĶԹ⣬ĶǳˡĸȥѾãںõᵽĸȻ͵ģѾͰȥˡ
룬ָҲĸʦʮһ̵ֱĸȥĴС¶μӵģҲΪʲôڼʱеСΪиУʵĸס
֪عԨģɳعԨʱһֱǿعԨİȻĸףȴҲǸǳõĳʱҲҪרȥл
عԨ˼ңӵСſڣعԨͣһͬ˳³ʱ򣬸պÿСſżߵĸ׺Сš
裬Сţĸ׺Сţĵؽһ
õŮСһعͷջعͷͿŮһĵ˹
ʱ䣬һЩ飬ÿ춼֧ԼЩǾˣõܿαװµʹƣڣǱȺľͻ±ô̺
绰˵õһֱĵڣڿʻõ
˵廹ϵˣ˵ģǸһͬĳعԨˡʼ˵عԨ֮飬ǸɳӵˣƱѾᡣ
عںãҲǿĵġعԨһͬòһĸá
ãáõЦӦһʵȻˣҪҪȥ
ˡعԨģͲˡ
ͺõ򵥵شкعԨŵͷһǣֵСţСһҲ˸к
Сš
СʱͿعԨˡźͳعԨ˵ʱҲһֱųعԨȳعԨŴкں˵ʱСſųعԨ
㲻Ǻô



55 
С, ֮䷢ʲô㲻ǣԼҲܲóС˵, Ҫ˵عԨǰ
عԨºһһСƽ, عԨǰС, ֺͺˡ
, عԨ˵꣬СţõҲһһԵû˵, Ĭˡ
СջĿ⣬¿˳عԨ˺, Ǹô
ǸˡعԨ˵Сŵ֮, Ѿ⿪ˡ
ʱѹС˵
СѹعԨȻһ£СŵԲ𡣡
СſˣǸֿܳҲڡСſһʵأ
ʲôعԨʡ
Сʣѹô
عԨ΢ͷѹ
Բ𡣡Сŵ
عԨֿСӣҿóϲ, ӦҲѹġѹ, Ǹˡѹ, Ǹ
˵, СŵԺҪһֱá
Ск˵ʲôҲͳعԨ֮飬׶԰ѧϴǸæǸ㹻֮䣬ҲûิӣִĻҲ㹻ˡ
СŶ˵ĻҪ󣬳عԨЦЦ
áұ֤
˱֤С쿪˶̶̵ֱۣҰɡ
С˵꣬عԨ˫ֱַ֮£عԨӵվСŵӽǱߣҰһ¿ס˳عԨĲſĶߡ
عԨܸܵСһﱧսΪСһȣµȥʱߴСС
ֻ
ҵİְ֡
عԨĶԭأСһ˵ĲԣСкƤϸȣعԨ̧𣬸СԴϡ
˵ƺָܴȣһĶ̷߻شһ
һġ
-
˵ʲôĻˣعԨСźĸһ˼ҡȥСϴ裬Сһɾһ䡣
ʱعԨСţҧ䡣ֻǳعԨ̫ˣվһߣû
ܡСŵ

۽ǣʼ磬Сֹһ䣺ھŶ
ֹ꣬СŻͷһۣһЦ󣺡ȥ˯ˡ
ʱ䣬ǿţСŻǲЩԣãСһҲЩ̫ġϳعԨСһͳعԨ䣬˵ܺԾˡ
СŶδɷ⡣ҲŪһͷȥɡ
СȻ˷ȥ˯ˣԡϴ衣ϴͷԡңĸ׻ڿš
ĸ̧ͷһЦŮǴȰͷģԵˮ˯ɡ
ĸô˵лҪ˵ͳعԨһʼ߹ĸף֮ġֺͳعԨĪͺãĸ׿϶Ҫġ
պã˹ȥļ䣬γǼҳΪ飬ҲҪһĸס
£˿ڻҡĸ׼ˮżɽͳô£
عԨСŽ͵ʱ˵֮ᡣᣬкһģһˣôᡣ
ǸᡣǱҡ
õĿǰʶ
ʶҲʧôˣΪǱˡʱҲûͣˡҲûţֱ
ͻȻһ٣õĿһ΢Щ
ֱʲôˣõ۾еؿĸ˵Ȼ벻ȥ鶼Ůûںõʧʵһֲʹˣˡ
衣ûشõĻĸףʵҰôҴؼҵģ
ᵽǰ飬õעҲˣ̾˿
ĪػУؼСšСźӻû꣬뿪˼˵ҪȥСŵĸףôһߣ͸ʧһϵ㡣ְֱˡ
ʱܺģ˵ڼô㡣ʱ˳ȻȥҽԺ˵òأֻһֱԣҪعʹһˡ
ĸףعҪģôҵ֤
ʱСžҪ뿪ֲͰ֤Լˣ㻹ˡõҲ֪û֤ôȥļô󣬵ǻ֤ǵϢǺܺðġ
ĳ˵һģһʱǸ˿󣬾ֱӴ˼ҡʵΪ֤ģǸ˾ֱӰ֤۵ϣΪ
͵ĶŮˡŮܼˣǮԺؼңòҪףղ
Ǹ˴ûаŮʹҲûеŮǸƹ߰ˡ
Ӧûкĸ˵ĸĵ֪ȻǷߣҰļˡûŮҲû˼ˡ
˵͵ͷû˵õ֣ʵôˣ
ع̧סĸ׵֣ЦЦûʲô
õסŮ֣ҲЦЦ
ĸϵЦҸ㣬ŮҵҸδŮСҲ۰мӣȷʵѾһĸеԸˡ
衣һ
ţõӦ
ûоұˣʡ
ںͳعԨҲʹһ飬õֶ˶٣ǱˡҲûʲôֵģЩ˾ǻġ
Ůôʡ
õһЦǡ
ĸ׵ĻЦ
ڻȥ󣬾Ͳ뵽һôҲѾˡ
ĸ˫õ֧źĸδݼȥСţĸա
ⲢģСᵽ˺ӶİҲĸᵽĸҲûѪԵǵĸ飬ѾԶֹѪŨˮôˡ
ֻǿĸס
һֱΪԴΪֹ֧۵šʵǸðƻŮ֪ĶôȥѶȫޣֻܸðƻһ
֪ţҵСźĸףʱ֪
ڣ֧Ұɡ
뵽ĸ׵裬Ҫȥ˼ô󡣡
ҵãּǱߵҲҪʼˡ
ȥȥôʲôõ֪ΪʲôͻȻҪȥʱĳ
عԨ˵иĿǱߣպÿԴȥǰҲڼôôһȥ˵Щʲô
ɣõͳعԨһͰˡ
ҪСô

á
-
ܺȥôǩ֤ͳعԨһȥôķɻ


56 
Ѿˡμ̫, صСĵطʱԾһеİС
·ݵļô, ԶȹҪöࡣʹǰ죬ҲЩ쬵⡣¶£һܵ˿˿¶Ժ, дż, ҲϤʻ
ͳعԨʱֵļô, ǵʱ򣬳عԨѾǰڻȴˡعԨڼô飬, ҲԼķӵǺȥԶعԨı
˽լHе˽լͬ, ïʢ֮Уں, ЩȻϢ
ͳعԨ뿪عԨ˱
Դʧٺ󣬳عԨڼô˰ʱ䣬Ѱ޹뿪˼ôⶰҲ뿪󣬻ķ񣬵Ǿٻ´
ⶰİ, ǰͳعԨʱ, 󲿷ֶȹġﵯ, , ǣҸ
ͳعԨȷϵ˳Լᣬ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ⶰȻʱС˲û̫ܵ飬ƽյദٲȻһͬе¡
ȥ˹ʵΣֻص˹ȥ¹ȥ
ʱⶰ̸ÿϳعԨȥּҡⶰ벻ԶֵֵֻҪô֦ҶïҪôҶأҪôѩ·˲֪ٱ顣
صڱתһȦͳعԨĵҲʻѾĵ㣬չѾûʱĳϢż紵ʺϳɢ
ڷתƵʱ򣬳عԨҲѾһ±֣ӳǰʵʲô
عͷ
عԨվСܹȥعԨſֱۣ˱һЦŹĲعԨͷĶͷ
˽ܵĿռ䣬ŮκνӴǺܡųعԨ塣عԨ§䣬֧סĻﵴǧ£̧룬ţ
ԡ
ʡ
ԡ
Ƭ
˵˵عԨͣһ£ղ˱䣬沢û
û񡣡عԨҪȥ˳С
ǻ˽ֵĸ˽ǷǳģھԶĽֵһ͸߶˳С
Ҳȥ
áعԨ˵ţɿվֱ壬ס֡
ֱۿڳعԨϣͳعԨԱܺɿ
򡣡عԨӦһ
һЦһ
-
ǰʱҲģסڳعԨңǳԷһʱڳعԨҳԡعԨһֺóգΪġǰȥ˳вɹԵĲƷʳġÿιʳĺܻһЩСʳܣأɿعԨ˵ֻС
żﲢԶǣ߹ֵ󣬵˳ʱ䣬ǡʱ䣬˲٣߲
Ǹߵ˽ɹ߲˵ģ಻ǱҵˣǱķ͹ܼҳʦӶࡣ󲿷ֶǻף˵ҲԺΪ
ͳعԨŹﳵѰƬڽǰعԨǰһǣҧŰǣŹﳵعԨȦڻŹﳵķ
һǰһţɹţһ򸾡˵ΣȻ˲߲ǵע⡣ǹȥʱĿʱʱػῴǡ
ֱǲɹȥʳҵĿջȥЩ
ﶫ׼ûȫƬȥһʳ󣬾ȥ̨ˡ
̨ǰ˵˲٣ǰͺ涼ǲɹıķ͹ܼң˶ԱˣԱɨά룬عԨҪݿȥʱ̧ס
ҵġӢ
õС㡣Աˢÿƾ֤Ҫǩ֡
ҧŰǣùǩ֡ǩ꣬ݸԱݹȥͻȻʲôһһ£ǩ𣿡
Աһǩ֣ȷϵǵġ
ллЦЦ
Աӡƾݸӹת׼ˡ
ͳعԨתŵʱǰλ˿ȴͷͳعԨһۡ˴ԼʮͣһЦ˿Цݺһ£Ǹˡ
ͳعԨ뿪̨ǰ
-
ڳĶ࣬һЩƬСʳعԨװŶţƤֽһԣһߵһߴţƤֽ﷭ʳ
һɿ𿪰װҧһڡ𴼺ɿȾóԵۡ
ȥʱһҪСŴһЩ߳ɿ˵š
ѥ˫ŲеϣеصķҶÿҶӣǰߴЦ
һԷٳЩعԨ˵һ
ӣͷ˳عԨһۡ
عԨӣ۵οЩЦֻٳЩû˵ܳˡ
˵ܳԶ٣ɿʡ
عԨҰԵһЩʣµԶԵ
üëųعԨͷС
˵꣬ɿİװֽһЩͣ˷£ɿݸ˳عԨعԨŵɿͷȥҧһɿ
عԨһڣɿʣ֮һ

ʵôһ˲ûӦڿＸѾɿгعԨ۵׵Цʱһ£һ
Ȼ˫һ±סߴĳعԨǣôҳûˣҾͳһ㣡ҿʼһСڣڻʣһСڣ㲻˵Էˣ̫ܳɿôôֻۣ࣬ݹٷŻ𣬲յư
ˣ
õŶŵӣعԨЦԭͳúÿЦķҶ£ֹƻ˵
ٸһЩعԨ
ųعԨЦƵûʲôӦˡĻ߷߲ƽǣ㶼ˣôҡ
û˵꣬˵ͷĴϡ
˵ɿϵһ̣ɿһζΪŨ˵¶£΢Щڻɿ˹ɿʱͷ˸סˡ
Ҷ죬Ľֵ΢΢ףŮ˵ͷӵһɿζ೤ۣ˿ĳУƴһİδ
-
ԹɿҲûٳԡعԨһ׷ԺͳعԨʼ䡣
˵һʼ֮ǰҪסһʱ䣬һЩʲôĻûʰ
ǰֻǳعԨԼסģҪһסˡ
һʰɣʰִĴϡһʰطĳعԨȥһ˳عԨϡعԨȻѹ˴ϡ
عԨʱ˾ĺŴ󴲣һС¡ͷЦ̧ͷعԨ
ҹ˾йŮҪʲôȻö˵һΪҪôûСţһֱСŵģ˻û˯һ
Ҳ˵˵һ˯Ժ󣬺û˯ˡ
ŮҪ̵棬ѪҺܣҲţҲЩ̣ųعԨ̧ͷһ¡
Ů鲻ռλռλȵλģźţعԨᣬҪ뿪䣬عԨĴĴϡ
˵ǴӲ÷
ҹģҲġסعԨĲ׼һʱͻȻ
˷׷̧ͷ˴ŵķ
ĺЩҲƽعԨԿƣҲ
ȿ˭Ȼһֱȵ
عԨ۵ӿ顢Ļ۵׵顢һĨڵƽǡ
áعԨ
عԨȥ濪ţڴϣԺлζŸղŵǡﻹŮϢζŻζţͻζˡ
ԼĻɫϣԼٶ룬ӴһҲ뿪ҡ
뿪Һ߳˱ǰ
ſڣһʮŮվںͳعԨ̸ŮЦŽһ
СС㡣
Ůڳ̨ǰŮˡ
̧ۿһߵĳعԨعԨĿ⣬
ּҵĹܼҡղڳǣȥ̫̫̫˵Ҵؼҿ
ؼңʡ
ܼЦԵģּҡ


57 
ڹܼ˵仰, ƽؿ´һۺ󣬿һߵĳعԨ
ܼҵʱ, ܼҲڴеİʱܼȷһʵĲǵˣ
عͷ, ЩǸ⣺Ӧüǵô
ûСܼæҡͷ, ЦҾǸµģССǲġڳеʱ, Ҳͳˡʱûкϴ, ǿ֪ȷʵСС㡣
˵, ܼҿͳعԨû뵽ôȥˣǻһǵԵ֡
ܼԹ˵, ۣЦЦɡ
ܼһ¡
Ц̫ˣǶҪϢˡȥּңúðݷá
, ܼҷӦ, Ȼ, Ǹô, ˡ
ܼ˵, ΢һ, ܼҹ۲ɫЦ뿪ˡ
뿪󣬳عԨš
ʱڳеʱӦþϳܼҡ̨ǰõÿǩֻԱȷ֡
ʱܼҾǰ棬ȻĿһУʱûϣȻּңѯּҪΡ
ּҹȥּңʲôԹҲ˵ˡ
顣ŹϣֻʣͳعԨŮվڵĿѭź˳عԨĸǰ
عԨȻҪżȥʱعԨ˫۷䡣ЦáһڿգعԨ˷䡣
-
ſҰΪµġһϵڣоϵÿͷɢ˼ܣһ˯˴硣
عԨҪõö࣬ʱѾ׼ͣ׼һЩȥּҪƷ
عԨӴѣȥϴ˸裬ϴһ緹󣬺ͳعԨһȥּҡ
˶ǿȥּҡּǻȦȽӺյļ壬ڻ˽ֵռһŷʽ԰ͥԺͥԺвٴסլլּ̫סּҵֵֶܵסլ
ּ;˼ô̫үʱڼΪʢʱڣ̫үӢţּշתүÿ¡үȥּҳӽӹּңܣּҵĵλֻͣ˵ڳϱѡ
ּңҪʸһ壬ؼҾõѡ
֪֮ǰּȥϵعԨɳعԨΪԵʣûиᣬŲ
ּҺͳعԨ֮ľ֮ĶԹҲûˡ
ڣү飬үȥҲͳ߽ˡܲ˵ּҵѪҪһͷʲô
ҵʱּҵʱּҶҲǲġʹ̫̫Ů̫̫Ҳ޿ֶ̱Ҳˡֵܽãϵ̫׽ҲѺáΨһѺõľֳȣֳѾˣҲͳعԨСǵĸԹҲɢˣûʲô˵ġ
ּҿּҲûʲôطԲġּˣȻҲҪּҡͳعԨһǾʹּҺͳؼһġ
ʧǰǲּ֪ҵõġ˵ҲʧˣǰʲôǵˣƵġܼҲȷϣȷʵǲˡĻ˵ڣ鶼һŶ
عԨߣԼģпּܻ֪顣Ҳ޲ǻŵЩϣֻܺ޵ȥүͷϡүѾȥܸܲһʶЩŵʱ䱻˿ڣڲҲúúõô˵ǼûʲôӰ죬ȻּҲûʲô⡣
ּǰӭּ˵ųӴͳعԨλּҵģһ磬ⲼˡڳعԨĳּҴԺԺ̫̫ҲרųӭӣۿˮҲѾǰˡ
عԨͣ£򿪳³Ѿߵ˳ǰͳعԨЦŴкڼʱҲЦС
սּ̫̫꣬ſǻ˹
СôȥĶˣ
裬~
̣ˣСô
ڼλϱŮĲ£̫ߵǰԲ˫һס֣ô꣬Ǽˡ

⸱˼ľñط̣꣬ͽۿۿҲ˺졣̧ۿǣ̫̫ڻˡ
ڼŮʱƽȻҲǵע⡣ƽ̫̫ۿֺһȦ棬治ǵˣ
ԡʱ˳˴ˣ˵ŮҳһģһҾݻôá
ģ̫̫һ䣬ԼŮûˣʹű˵Ůˣ˿˼˵ļ˵顣ˣȥֱǷġ
ҪȽȥɡ
̫̫Ļû˵꣬һ½̣̫̫ôһ˵úúãǽȥЩԺ˵
ͳعԨһּͬլ
-
լͳعԨ֮ǰͽһϲաȥ󣬴һ̫̫ۡһֱߣ˵żİ衣
ʲôûбķҲûС̫̫Ķʱ˼͸ˡ
̫̫˵һ۳عԨЦЦȻҲûʲôǱһġ
ķ˰ǰ²ˣҪҪȥˣԺڼôǺͳڻûж飬Ҫסڼĺáʲôʱ򶩻飿̫̫ͨļҳдͳعԨµİš
ּ˳ֳȣҲϲš
һǣֿһ۳عԨѾˡôæ꣬ǻȥͻᶩˡ
˵ּ꣬˵鶼Ա仯һ˲عԨĿ⿴΢˹ǡ
ǻҪȥԺ̫̫ʡ
ԡͷ
ȥʲôѽ̫̫û˵ĸͲ˾죬Сڼô󳤴ģҲҲйңʱһͺˡãǶҲѽ
ĸ˵꣬ĸ׷׵ͷ԰԰
ҼҲҼйĸףжӣҲԼ֣ιΪµģҪ
ºͣȴһĵּ˶δĻ롣⻰˵ֱָɴ࣬һʱûӦ
֪˶ã̫̫Ӧʲô
˭Լ˵ɡЦ
˵Լʱּ˵ɫѾˡЦ˵仰ʱּ֪Ҳˡǰĸ˫ּҸǳͿĵҡβͣƾáڣѾǵˡ
Сô̫̫Цŭѹָ˴ۣ֪ڻûлָ䣬Բ˵Ļ˼ΪǸͥи⣬ҲҪǵ鰡Ϊˣ˵Ķˡ
̫̫̫̫αʮһյľտЦŵҵȻûּˣⲻǻŲô
˵ҲûټȦӣּҪȹּҵĹϵû뵽һҡ
ᵽŲɾͲ̫̫һ˵ˣּ˵顣һе˿αҲ˺ˣ¶̽ѯɻ󣬻вΪ˽ӵıġ
οŲҪˣⱾġ
Ȼ˵ּˣүүȥŲӦҲҵһݰɡ˵꣬ʲôЦЦŶҰְ֡ҰְȻȥˣҲּҵѪǷҲøҡ
˺αװı¶Ŀġ˵ּûٿڡ
ô󣬶ҪһһҪݡǷָƱĸҪ١
Ų飬үүȥʱǶˡ˵Ҳ϶ֵһݵģЩǺúһ¡̫̫
ҴʦڶڣǩЭɡҲҪֻҪҺҰֵǷݡ
ȫ׼ģʦ˹ּû뵽ֻ򣬾ȻƤǣûǳԵ⣬Ȧ⡣
Сջؼңôżʲô㿴ڡû飬ϾˣǼ飬ǲҪǰĵôסּҴ󲮸ּҵļ̫̫⣬˵㻰ġ
ûϵͷعԨһЦѾˣھһˡ
˵꣬ͷּһӵˣЦŵҪ˵ײ׵ĻδҪؼңԺڹҲٸǼˡôĻҺͳعԨǸЩġ
ԭΪѵּңⷬǳ׹ˡĿĺܼ򵥣ҪŲͬʱԺּȫûйϵȻûϵȻóعԨּҡ
ּǧ㣬û뵽͵ʴס
ͳعԨһϵĻС⻰ʲô˼Ժ󶼲ּϵôôѪ
˼ԣԸֻԸֳ˵꣬Щ䳰ȻּҵŲƾʲôָ㣿
̧ͷֳȣƾѪԵּˡ
ѪԵּˣֳȷһ䣬Цô֤
ʵڣ˵ٶҲزˣƣʧҪտڰֱҪȥŲּ˰Ƥȥ
˵ʧˣ˵Ҳûκ֤֤DNAҪ˫ͬ⣬ǲϣǰŮҲõDNAļⱨ棬Ҳּ֤ˡ
ֳʦⷽ棬ּҪһ㡣
ɾ뵽һʱȴӰһDNA֤Ѽ֤ݸֳȣġ
ǵʱDNA⣬ΪڲҺͳعԨģû뵽ھȻ⸱ӡ
㣡ֶˣָ˵
ּDNAⱨ棬Ѿ졣ҲǼȥּ˵
Ǻƽ͵˵ֻҪҵĶҺҰֵŲǸӦõģңֻ߷;ʦѾϵˡ
ǵҸףңּڣ飬ʣҲּܡҲõҺҸӦõŲҲǸˡ
ɢȥּʲôӰ죬ԼҲּҵӰ죬δȦôּңЩûг޽ֵܽڻȦԴҲǸ⡣
ҲŪ̫ѿѡ
-
ͳعԨּҴһ죬飬ҲҪꡣ󣬳عԨ߻ʦͲڵŲ⡣
ּЭǩ꣬Ҫ˺ͳعԨѲʦּң뿪ˡ
û˳ҲͳعԨ뿪ּլţһţ̨ף߳عԨֱ̧ססʱֱֱӹϡ
ǿĶֵģųعԨ̧ͷһЦЦ˵
мױ~


58 
ְļױ
ȥ, ĸʮȥΪȻһûϵּ˻ȥΪм, ûϵȴּĹߡ, ĸףС, гعԨĸĸѾȥ, ȴҲ˷ݷļױһ̫Ҹˡ
ʮ, ĸ׵ļѾȥ˰, и׵ļΪԶǰĶһӰ񣬿Ƿݸĸİ, Զ
ĸĸû, Ǹ㹻İݰ㹻֧ʹδûǣҲܺúõȥ
ּŲ˵һ, ҲһݺּҸѿźšԭּĶ, Ͳ, ˡ
ܿĸı, ųعԨı۰, Ц۾ų󡣳عԨͷЦͷһ¡
＾ҹ, Ůӵ, , һȵů⡣
ָоǳعԨΪĸǰ, ôɪںͳعԨһͲǼȵ
ǳǳţ۾ЦеؿųعԨ˵ĴǱǼ⣬Ķͷϡ
ͷЩЩЦݼ۾ﵹӳųعԨ¹⡣
ǸýˡعԨ
ĻЦͷѽ
ױˣɲǸýˡ
ĵͷ⣬عԨЦһԶ
ô
Ѿߵˣ춼ֵϷһ·ҲѾ𣬽ֵյ¼š
ּҴһ죬ּҳһٷ⣬ڻûءعԨôһʣ˼Уͷˡ
˵꣬Цɿ˱ųعԨֱۣʵʲô
ɿֱۣعԨ̧ס֡ʮָգ߽¼ŵĽֵУعԨ


-
عԨȻȥ򹤹ꡣ
һλĵ꣬Ѿʮʱ䣬ΪζأλԽÿͥУ¡ʹڷǷʱ䣬Ҳкܶڡ
عԨǣ֣ƿţ겣ϵķ죬洫˷Ļӭ
ӭ١
ķ󲿷ʮ߰ˣ׬Ǯġϴ˴ѧԺ󣬴ҾͲ﹤ˡȥķѾһѾϵˡ
ȻǳعԨŵļĸףǹ飬Ҳ˵һЩʮͿʼ򹤣Ժζ
ǽʵΣûᣬЩζ
عԨź˸˫£º󣬷˲˵ǡ
Ų˵Цŵ˵ûô䡣
Щֻǲ˵˸õƷʽʱǿζûʲô仯
ǵõʱһ򹤵ийС㣬СйҲΪζ̻̭ˡڹڳԵƷʽǳ࣬ûб仯׳塣
йˣڼô󳤴󣬶С˵̫˽⡣ڹ꣬ᵽˡ
Ҫ档˲͡
һҲṩġ
Ǹʮ߰СԺ󣬵ͷ˲˵عԨعԨһһ
͵ú󣬷뿪αϣ̧۴Ų
ȥװްҲѾ˺ܴı仯ֻв¯ʱ֥ʿζ
ĿɼĻζºʻͳعԨָŲĳЩطǰʱȤ¡
ּҼ֮ǰҲ㡣
ͳعԨ˵ڲľʱعԨ˵ôһ䡣عԨ˵꣬˵һͣסˡͷعԨ̽ѯؿдŲ˼顣
ȷϵ
عԨȷϡ
õعԨȷϣҲڿЦ˵ѣ˵һμ沢ּңꡣּ֮ǰعԨѾˡ
ôһӡûС
ʲôʱĸطûеļ䣬ЩС
عԨ⣬ǰȥּҵǰһ졣λãһСϷʱ˹أҰ£֮˵лл
ڳعԨʾԺйǰλãǿСϷںĵĹ˿Ͱ¹صļԺлָ
겢ǶʮСʱæµ㵽֮䣬ǷϢʱ䡣ϢҲй˿ͽ͡ǹ˿ͺ٣Ҫеķڷ̨ʱͽ湤һڿϢһڷ̨͡
ʱͬľǸйС㣬˹ϵһ㶼ǽֵգСֵաСֵգϢʱڿĿǰֻһСϷ
Ϸܼ򵥣żϵһһ¾Խ࣬ԽߡǻʧʣһЩʣԽٵǣҲԽࡣ
ϷСϷҪǵܹ⣬Ϸʱ䡣
һڿϷʱ򣬺ٹ˿ͻţڳعԨǴεܿ
ʱļ¼ܾòƣͿ˵ʮأҪȫؿǣ¼ˡϷ̺͵ˣҲˡ
ڽʾ֭ͨʱиȲ͵Ĺ˿ѯ󣬰¡Ǹ˿ͼûʲôӡֻǵֻĻϵָ޳Ư
谭µļ¼أָɵصº󣬳߽⡣һըʧ̻һĹؿһϷϣֻŷû̧ͷ˿͡
û뵽˿;ȻǳعԨ
һУǰĳعԨ໺
ڤڤ֮УͼƻһСعԨɵص£⿪СϷؿϷɣȹǲ򲻹ĹؿҲڣعԨĳ֣Ҳɣ߹Ƕοʹ
ĸоüûǻȴ򶨣ųعԨеˮеɫȾ
ԣҡ
һ顣
ûʳعԨȷ뷨Ǻһˮǣ۵ζζٱ鲼ȫЦø
ͳعԨԵעġûбּϻأûּҵǴμ棬عԨҲʶ֮ǰ϶
ǳˣǳعԨӲ
ҲǳعԨΪּҼĵһ棬ҲģԳعԨҲһ顣
ֻǡ
㰮ԶҰһ졣
عԨǵġ
Ц


59 
֮, ̶ŲʦͲ񴦣⼸ʱͳعԨϾڶȼ̸
ò, 绹۵ġ
ĸ, ô컹Уʱ̶ľڴŲ, ѾƼ, ͳعԨ·ɻóعԨؼҡ
·ɻСʱѾϰ˵࣬ǰСŴ绰ϰ˵ҡС󣬳عԨŶԪ¥ſڡ
ԽǼſڣؼҵԽǿ, 䣬վסĳعԨҪҪȥ
ʱ١عԨ
عԨôҲûУȻȥ
ţҪ, ǰعԨס
ͷۡ
عԨ, ʵʱô
Ǿ·ݣѧУѧвرæҲĩҲûʲôΡԼĿγ̱, а첻ȥС
꣬عԨϴĸɡ
عԨ꣬
ôʮӣųعԨʣԼ
СšعԨ

ûعԨ̧ͷҪǿɵĻǡ
˵ͷظţǰûСعԨĻͷ
á
-
ͳعԨֺؼҡ
սţСžʹܳѰСһתȦȦСţ裡
ҲСűĲЦš
ĸֳţſںõĵӣɫЩЦСĵ㣬ſھײͷ
û¶~Ц꣬ȻСţֻ첲§סĸס
§Ҳûأſ§þöŷ֡
ֺţʼĸ׺С
⼸ʱʦͲּҪָŲּȻƴ֣ԼŲĿʮֿɹ۵ġ
ҲɸţҲǺգۡĸ׶ǮִѾϰߣҲⲻ䣬Сָߣ͸˹
ڿĶ죬ĸ׻Ҫȥץϰ࣬ȥϢСҲѿʰ£Сȥԡϴ衣
ںСŻĸطϲȴعԨʱĻЩСΪߵϲãڻȫ˷ܡ
Сϴ裬ԼҲϴ衣ϴ裬˯»ҡСŻŸ˹̰̰׵ĶӣȥСűڻڴϴ
ϴСſƤ̻Сѣ͸㣬Сţ͵ڡ
Լ
СѾϰҵĸͷΪղűɼѡɸ첲軳룬ڴߣͷ
裬ʲô𣿡
ڸ첲Сţ꣬Ƥ㿴
šСŵӸϴʼĲɵġ
Сſ裬ʵֺͳ֣

ûϵ꣬ӴǵûͳعԨ֣ڻҪ̸ۼޡ
ͳعԨĹϵزȷʵҲüҳʱԭϴηǰҪҳģֻи󵢸顣
ǴѾüҳ׼ʱûлȥ顣ȥĻ䣬ҳҪ̵档
ͳعԨڼǰʱ򣬳عԨʮ꣬ĸĸֱĴڣֱȴżô飬Ҳʮꡣ
ԼǲǰԼԼǷܴعԨĸԤڡ֮⣬ǰǴԼڼعԨĸʥ
⼸־𣬵Щӡ䣬عԨ컹Сĸ
衣Сŵ
ĻСŵͦð
Ҫ㡣
Сţ
ڼ˲ֻǼԼǼ͡ؼңСҲҪȥġ첻ֻţСżүү̡
󣬵СͻȻûСţСŵĶԱȣͻȻôš
ôعԨĸĸǼˣСҲˡ
2v2ʲôɽŵġ
ôųĬСţЦʵ
Сſۣͷ˹š
ЦʵΪʲô
꣬СϵߣǺܺõˡ
ţС̧ͷ裬ְ϶ҲǺܺõˡΪֻкܺõİְ裬̳ܽôõĳ塣
ЩСŲ̳

üһƵذ˶䡣죬ʲô
Сһ󣬾ͼȥͷϡȰȰȰȰȰȡ׺üڡ
Сſ챻Ϣ
СţҲ١ʱСŵ˯ɡ
׵ͷۻСŹɵͷѸ˹ݸ裺á
Сŵĸ˹ԣ󣬰Сһְ̧ѷĵƹص
صƣƬڰСţۡ𣬼ûС˯Щ
СŽѾ꣬ٶʱҪ꣬ЩûС˯
Щˡ
̾ͷڶӵĶͷְ֮ѶӵȻ۾ʼ˯
ĸ˯ģȻûѪԵϵСִ˶Ա˴˶˯ܹ׵˯
Сţڰķֻĸغǳǳ󣬰ķСŷ
裬˯𣿡
Сŷ۾˯⣬˼ڶ
û
ôû˯Сʡ
꣬жαװ̧üģš
عԨĸ
󣬻Сţأôû˯
꣬ڰСųĬ
Ҳš

ºãΪȥعԨңĸʧߣôŶ
-
عԨԼýĸʱȥңСš


60 
ĸʧ˰ҹ, ʱ˯ѾˡعԨԣ˵绰¥С뿪˼ҡ
ӵԪ¥ĵݳ, Ϳ˵ĳعԨعԨĸ߽, һۡ
ǼعԨĸĸСԴ˴ŵ壬, ⿴浹ͦгġ
߰ɡعԨǣСŵ, ĸȥС⡣
ͣ棬عԨСŷĶͯΡϵðȫص˼ʻԱҲѾáعԨֿһǰĸӣʵô
滹ɸղųعԨ֣Ǻ˵Ҫĸ, ͽţִСţӦò̫ɡ
ԡ˳عԨһӦһҪûʲô
ڱȻ飬źûʲô, úԾˡ
˵꣬СŻһ䣺Եġ
ĸһһ, عԨֿһۣͷá
عԨûټʣعͷȥ˳ӡӶ, ʻ߼ܣųǱؼʻȥ
ǰ㣬Ϧδ䣬޾ϼƯСڶͯΣŴ⿴šģڿҲһڿϼ
Ҫгİְʲô
ڳһƬʱСŴưһ䡣
ϼл񣬻û˵Ա߿ųĳعԨүү̾ͺá
Сŷ飬ǵġǼȻ϶ӣȻҲǳؼҵһӹɵġ
ĸСƺǶİݺͿ϶ųعԨЦЦ
⣬ͷ⣬ҽʲô
꣬عԨְ衣
áţǡ
ʶӦȷӦʱѾ͸ˣͷعԨڻаɡ
˵꣬Ϳ˳عԨ۵Ц⣬һղڶһЩ߾һ־ЩЦУľſˡ
˵ǷСѾЦСһһЦ𣬳նʱ죬һһЦ
õУ˵ִ˳ؼլԺ
-
ؼλaгǱڳǱɽ֮ڡɽaеĹڹ֮ڵһƬ˽ƬؼլԺ
ɽԭǾִҰ£Ƭ˽ڵĻؼռ˾ɽɽʽͥԺȻںϣһ԰֡˳ؼլԺĴţʶʲôд˼ҡ
⾲׺Դһׯϣµ鲻ֽ𡣿ڼعԨĸĸĽžɢˡ
С˵عԨôõˣĸĸȻҲǼõġ
عԨĸ׽г壬ļͣͦΣͦεȥʵҪһЩعԨ͸׵ĳЩƣһ׸ӡǳޱߵİףվһЩֵܡ
ȳعԨĸ׷ǶׯеǻеĴС㣬ԴһŵʡģĳҲΪÿŮ˺ÿЩĸ׵ºͣЩһʵĸо
ҲˣŴкѾס֡Ů˴ǴȰЦ⣬ЦŶһԵĳعԨ
˿űƬЩ
Ů˵־ôţԭһֵ亹ȥˡ̧ۿҿƬԨһᣬȫ㡣
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61 1
Ӧ˳عԨ, ڰɣعԨѸײڶ֮ƶ˻ڡ
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