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ҺСͨˣȻڻԼҲáµʥּүܱġ˵жʺûǸСִĵֿͲүģ
ӣһһһӣ룬мδеС
ˣ֪˵еİɣԺٲˣҷɻɣȫۡ
һ仰ӣ˵ûµʥּʹٸҲ޼£Լȥ취ɺʱԼ̫ᣬ£ֻ֣󼺡
ӣ⻰ĵЦˡСĵķºЦСȱ˯ȥŪЩԵģŶ˯Ҳá
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ǰ߹һԼˡԻʵһ൨ĵĵ˵ԼԹҫ鹣ʵ۶ƼҵˣǼϲºҫǲ๣ɸĵġ
ʹԼ֪Щ£ߵȢǶƼҺãֶֻסرƼˣȻһлͻᱻµҲԡֻΪԼֺ߳ɰˡ
Щı۾Ҫúһ룬ҪβԼ

 2 


˵㶫ڴһᣬʱѾʵҲָƽ
ϥǵʹ󣬱ӣѡ
С㲻úòӣߴӹȡȹʡ
Ҫȥ̾ǵô˺ü죬ȥ˼Ұ
δĵˣĻܳס˯ء
ۣӣסĵͷЦ̾Сһҹһӱ䶮أ
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𣿡ӣЦһֱ߶ͷȤĪ֮ǰƤĲС㣿
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˵Цּ䣬оѹֳƵ鵹˲٣׵󣬱ӣȥ˵鷿
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ЩĳĵǾʣһˣúҲȥƼٳһλʺϵҫҪжϵľˣƼպҪõЧҳֻ͢һ㣬ʢ˥ͼҲҪӽǡ
һԹĴӦš
ƿǰǫǫŵĴӣӯЦ
̧ۺ룬ͷŵ֪ǸзִģֻԹֱƢ²֪תߣҪʱʱС
׷ģ񿪿ڣƼƽʱЩܣһ򶮷ִġ
˵⻰ԼϲĴ֣СŸھӪг󣬵󣬴ơ񣬹ʶԵñ׺ĸһλǫǫӡ
룬ʵҲԼ׽ֶˡ
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īͬĸĸ£˥ȨʿȨܿգǰֱĸݣϵʹԽѡ
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ʮصīīļڣƾƽҡոʧصºպսӴرķ
Զһ꣬ʮ꣬սʢݳǣԭīĸݣ๥ռĽԱݡ
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ӣ˸߲ҵĸĪĿˣԻ󲻽ʣС㲻Ҫȥүôȥˣ
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ӣҲŪС粻鵽ô£ֻ㬵ˡ
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ʵһգԽµĴͻΣһ취ûУӻǸ취
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ǿǦģȻûôˣ֮ܿһϣˡ
ֻβܿպԭսүأʵҪһ˼

 3 


ʱһУһ˲졣
䷿ڵΰ裬磬޲ϤⲻʱԷ
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˼Ľһȴδӵйֱ꣬һ侵лʱĳǰ
ǵԼǶͷᣣգ˫۵ġֻص䡣
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˷ܵţţѯүˣ
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ʤºԽýأû뵽ĵһˣƼҵˡ

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סĹӸһ·ڣֶЩʳС̯񿴴ֽȥʱδѰ˸̯Ҫȡ
ϣδϼڣͿһλʹֳš
¿ϸƣʹֳǹϽǮſȥ
ŹӸŷ˹֣Цλ磬ǸߵƹӵСˣҼҹһҹӴ仰иͨһ¡
صǰһСүղŵƹ˻㴫仰ء

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ֻһۣϳǷƹˣʱС̧һͷһۡ
ֻһۣ˶ѪҺ۵ĿԼǿŸƽƬ̵ģֿʼԾĿ
ߵǰ̧ͷ˫Լӡ̵ļȺ͸۾ʱҲЦԼ
΢ɲĽͷɨһ飬ڻֻһ꣬ȴѾ׿ˡȻ˴Сǲͬģ˿ûΪ
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һҹӭ΢ķҹݺ質Уϲּ˵ʲôδ壬ֻģģĽעһϡ
ȻͻȻʲôƵãŵĿ
Լ͵͵ҸŮﰡʲôƵģֻǺһϸ룬Ҫعˣ½δؾܸߡ
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Ȼϱðʵ۵ķհԼҲԼв֪ԭɡǽ̹ĿģԭܰԼãܣԼٻظ㣬Ҳù͵͵ðĪշܳ¡
Ƥ˼յĻһ˵꣬ʱ˲٣͵ſӦˡ
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ΪԼˣ˵Ů
֣صĵһͷǵģֻҪԸߣҶԳУķ̹ӡ
ܷ꣬Ⱦ˸֣ǰĶԹˣ񰵰롣
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оǰִ̫Żδ뵽˾ˣ۵ĵһͽ˼Ľһ͵ˣ
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ŴΪУŴֵӻǿǲ֪ʲôԭɵķܴӦءֵûôԼԭҲûз
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һоƺϷæתƽͲޱ⣬Էſ˵ûǿҪ빬ˡҲΪҲ빬ҪߵġȻҪӣȻӵԽԶԽãҵ߾һûͨ鲻ɡǱ߾սҲϣ˺ҲȫʹɽÿҰ˰ҲԸѰӰ
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Ϊ˴ĽԼȴΪһ˹־׵ԭѰԼ
о֮࣬ȴҲоСﾹԼлҪޱߡ
ҲǣʱССһվڽϣսȺˣ壬еĴҹ˵ٶ뷨·һɵģϱӲŻ󵨵ƭŵĳǽȥ
Ȼ
ԸԼߣνԸȲٿ޸ǸҷڣҲʡȥպʩȢۣνȫֺαȥΪǰûѰԼԭء
ϲֿ֮࣬СԲ֪뷨ٴȷϣСŮ֮Ů֪ͬ⽫ߣЩƲߣȻǹ֮ƣС޷ڵˡ
ȣͬˣٺ١ʱϲһ٣ͨģȴװһƽı飬΢ЦӷģԸҸм·ڣΪͽš˾󣬱㲻ʲôŮҶһеӷԸ
ԣݳϿɹɼ۸ߣΪʲôǿԵģ빫Ӳصġ
ⷬЩ̿СǿɰУ޲̾ͱһڡ²֮ܲ˷УԼˣòʧˡ
Ҳɫɤ΢ЦҸȱĵѾ߳ұӦ󡣽ձ˾֮Լ
ʱһŷŷҮҮû뵽׾ʹԸȻǻǸԭԼ̫дûУ
˳죬뵽ȸֵҲǲɸı䣬ƲסļȸԾ
ֿڣæ׷һ䣺ţ֮ԼһԼȳ׷

 4 


ڴ£ԯޣȴҲ;ͬ飬Ȼһļϡ
׺Ȼ˾ϢźúһУ¡
ظ󣬼һֱƽ˳Ҳ֮ǰδϵġ
ڻ룬ξǰԼٻĸ£ĸҸŹ󸮺εɣһ˶۵ķƽ
ֻǿƹ󲻿ʵı֮£ǺεȵN಻ԣǲ֪
ŮҲãҲգعƽݲԼıλ˸Ӱġ
ֻҪԼ뵽ĸǰô㣬ʢһսʱԼ˵ֳ󣬱ֿһžۡ
գΨʱžһáǰֻ֣ʾһһĵξȥˣ¿ʼ
㼤ȸԾ˶գֱҹƽ
ԷΪɣڵѾȫȥϢֻʣһʱ㿪ʼϸϸպ
룬պŮ϶ûʲôˣԶˣֻж౸ЩܸӰġ
⼸ԼܵĽΣ֮ǰϺͽ͵Ĺ֮ȫóһ
㲻֪һһ治ǺŹŮ̶ԼֵǮ֮Լ治ǴСսӵľӼС֣ʹԽҲĲǰǮϲá
Щһһ࣬ϵĴһһ࣬óȥ󻻳ƱţڸŶǻͨģƱ㰲ȫ
ϰƵãÿЩ͵͵ȥкüգŽȫƱߵһж׼׵ֻϢˡ
ڵϢ⼸ֻҪһÿգȥ˵ÿҲǱԵġ
ΪŮͨˣת˼ٿ֣ÿչԾ߾ТοȻҲ泩٣Сʧȥĸ׵ҪصıݺΡ
ÿͷᣬȴ˿ұ¶ҵĲѹֻ֮ܽĲĵףȻټӱ̷
ֹȥգյиϢʱȥʮ
Σֺµһ죬ڵˡ
ţһʢòˣͶλֳǰֽÿǰľƱ
˲ֻĹɶ²٣һ³ƵġϲЦտĿʱͼͻȻ˫أһݡ
˶ʱһ㶣˵ЦԵĿ
Ȼ˵ǰЩʱŮТÿտǵģŮЩòˣТĪҪġ
ƻΪСŮʲôԭģʱ˿һЦæ˵Ѫ׹⣬иҹ˴񣬵Ͳˡ
Ȼ˶٣ĳĵԻð֪˹ǽ󣬱ѹԣ㲻ԸɻʶƵ˺Ƽңҵв֮ҲΪ
ߣ˼ǴˣʹʹҲҪ˵ģΪ˸ȻСʱƤˡֻҪ뿴ЩȥĶһġ
ƴۿдתỨ˵ͷףıǡ
ƿЦЦȰĸķָһƬЦ˵ںԣһΪǴοģǱ˵գֱǴгأ
һ׿СãæЦŸ͵ǰղ˵ĳӶҪϲˣ֮ǰȶֵĺӣಡһ󣬾һʦͨˡֹĿ࿴
һЦлֿޡ
ƼȴЦˣȤ˵ֻˣĺóʲôãպ˹źͷҲΪϴٺҲòϡ
û˵꣬ͱͷһƣСӣ㶼ˣö죿պЩġ
ƼͷƲƲ졣
ʱЦ
ǸãҲ´ֶȡЦ
ƼһۣΪȻĵɩڣĻҲֵķݣֵУܴ
Сӣ˵죬㻹ˡִ̧
æЦֹ׾ɣòһòˣٲԾҪˡ
һաȻǰķǽһڣͻȻЩ˸еĵպ˹һһ˵Цľ¾Ͳˡ
ʱֺۿɤЦŮͨˣֲˣŮߺ󣬶ǲʱˣŮϣһҪغ塣
С֣ο˵⳼󹬣ȴҲǲġͷİɣõĺܡֻʺӵκͱݣ赣ҡ
Ų֪ĸ֣뵽ҹҪȥһǼ꣬ıͷһᣬ̲סһޣ˶ʱˣæ
һ˾һ˵˵ЦЦ޿֣ͺĳٷԻԺϢȥˡ
һط岻Ϊɣ֧źѾǣϨ˴
ʱĩǶ˯죬㻻ѣóȲغõİԼǰдõŷϣĵĴӺǽ˳ȥ
˾ʵ¹£ͷٴοһԼ˶ļңҧҧӰҴʧɢıС
һ·Уڹرճǰ˱šƽ߶ģȥ
˲СʱȻԶԶһŷƵͣ·ԣͻȻͽ
⻹δԼĵص㣬ҹģ·أǱ緢ţİɣ
ķ˽Ųһôȹ۲˭֪ϵ˾Ҳ˳㼱Ҵ˹
ʱĹҴʱ㿴һھ뼸׿⴦ԼԶԶ֣ЦĪ£ʹƣ
ʱ˿ץġ˵ͷʣǣ
ֳ߽˼ЦӸŽɡҼҹڱʮﴦ㣬˴ͬȥ
һ⻰֪м٣װҴҹɫС
ߵĲǹٵ֮ǼУߵЩڳϵ񱻵ߵЩģֻǿ̣ù˲ʱ㽥
֪쵽ˣнķȥÿͣڲԶƥӣһӦһδ
һᣬǶǰͣ³˵С³˵仰ټ·
ͣ˶˵ͷִ￴һŵӡ
첻˼ЦС㲻صģĪ֣ȥҵĽŽǶ˽ĸҲ֪ġ
Ƿģͻµ龳ҹ˽һЩڨڨĪֵ˵ͷ΢ЦĪӡ
Īתתϱīʱ֡ҲīһλսĴ󽫾ֻǴδˣ
Ī๰ֵһᡣ
Щнзſһе״̬ȫһ֪ҹ֮ɬˣͻȻЩ̿
Сҹһȥ޷ͷˣպҪԶ磬ˣ
˵׼һ뵽Ҫ겻ܼ֣̲סͷᣬۿæͷᡣ
Ҫޣ֪᲻üˣڶġһСǰǺãԼֲ֪Ҫȵ²Ȣ
תοСҲѹշ֪²תպǻټ˵ġ
ǿѹзζӳ£չ黹ǻ͸ž۵ģסˮ΢Цлӿģ¡Ҫлǰҡ
Ҳ΢Цŵ˵ͷԺٲҪˣ
һصԺұˡ
Ĭ飬Цãµ֣µǾһ¿ʼɡ
պǵһҲ¿ʼڴ롣
˵ͷ֣µ˵ӽһб㶼¿ʼˡ֮ԼӴ˿ұǹӵŮҲūһĳΪүպһУȫүˡ
ʱ˵ü˳Ŀ˳ģʱڽսȺ˵ĵţоСǸ顣
һڸŹС㣬ÿʳ˷̣ҲʲôŮˣЩĻŪԼˣǿɰĽ
һ˲ӲһģĪһ
áҪί㼸ˡ±ܹ֮ǰΪܴ˾Ѱ㣬ֻȽ
˵ͷ¶Ǿ֮ɫ
æ˵Ҳعڵģ˾Ҳĵģֺ֮ΣѰģֻĵȵȥǡڱĪ֡Žȥǡ
ڳһлүǸм

 5 


һ·򱱵У˴Լʱ󣬱ת˸ʻ᫲ƽ·ϡ
ǿѹĶĸУ˫ץ򣬾ʹԼĸЩ
·ǲƽСɻܵסòóٷŻЩĪʵ
̧һֻƿЦպãл£·Ҫްġ
Īֵ˵ͷδٶԡ
ֵͬʱֿһϵĪ֣ǿأ꣬Ӧǵ֮ꡣ
ŲңгӣǿһֱŵҲ١
֪˶ãٴת˸䡣
ϵĲ½Ʋ֣īɫҹŨһƬҲ۶δƣŨīĺڣҹɫҪϼ֡
ܿտžֻ·Žݳĵ͵ߺ̤
ģ㱻ҡεľЩԺ䣬֪ʱ۾
һ·Σй½룬ڵ˼շתڲĽʹǰС۽һУȴôҲ˫üĽëҲŻҵš
սȭͷԼȴòϷֺļ䣬ͻȻһ£ļؽѡ
һָлŽԼǿʯͷ
˶Ĳӣֶ˶ȽţȻƿȥ
һǰףء
ſ˿ܣԶȺɽ̡
ԶԶȥɼɽϸһ㱡İѩ֣֮С
ɽ续ľͻȻһλ뿪ĸо
Զֱ棬˳˳΢΢սл˳
Ī˶֪Ӧˣ㿪˵ɽھ͵ˣܿЪϢˡ
תƿӦһҲսɽڡ
Ƭ̣ɽ·ľͷͣ
Īƿ޳³㣬ˡ
ܣط˵ܵĺܡܵɽɽﾹֻǰһ˼ңһӡ
ôµĴʯǵģЩͰΧȦʣγһԺӡ
ĪָָԶʯͷ˵ªЩΣһǴģҲ˽ɽܰȫίЩʱհɡ
ãί֮˵ĪֺŽ˸ϥ΢Ц˴ΣʺϲǸмλһ·Ϊ֮ͣȽȥЪϢƬ̣ΪλŪЩˮͳʳҲýⷦۡ
Ž˰֣ﲻؿǽ㰲źúҪϻȥġ
Ȼ㳯ʯͷ˼ڣ
̳һ׵ͷһǱЦһǿ㵽ˣһ·࣬ЪЪŰɡ
ŽЦˣ·ߣҼУʵЩʱ˵ˡ
˵ָ
ĪߵǰЦһ񣺡߶Űˡ
ļ˰ƤĴҹ㣬һʱϡĺܣЦޣ˵߶ţܷĪӵıҵĸ
ſĪһۣȻģĪָֺһ΢Цл硢лţǷˡ
Īָյ֪ʱЩִġԤŮŹŮӦûЩŮеѰͽ
ʱЩɣס˱ĽŮܲҰĴֱɻʱһ˼ªŻȥˡ
û뵽ûֱɣ˽ﴦ¶һᡢƿ׵ĸоֵĽ
ĪֿǰЦԳƱõŮӣΪƿԼ˲࣬ٻڴˣо֮ģҲŵƵģ
Լʧ̬æתͷˣñڴ߶Щʱգһұء΢Ц
˵ֶκҪ֨밢ؿ˰׺񡣡
Цŵ˵ͷãġ
ЦĪֻܷȥҶչ˺ùģù˰ί
Īֹ˹֣ˣˡ
Žͣƽϣֽͳԯ뿪װϣһԵš
ĪֽԺҲ˹֣ˡ
ŶԶȥ󣬱ݡ
ʯͷһ䣬мݣʯͷǽڣֻһӺͼӣһſʱС÷Ҳݡ
ݺִ˶䡣ǽ˰鲼ȻӰŰײԭҲ͸
мһ裬һų¾ɵķӣݵһľһ֪»ģͷѩסıͷһľ³
СӾίЩסݰɣĪǰ򵥲£ɽѷȲóֻǿۡ
ɱô˵ЦãлţԺŽСá
֣ãҹҲһ·ȥԵģյˮϴϴס±ǡ
ͷӦţЦų˶ݣæȥˡ
תһȦȡãŵ³Ҳݡ
վǸľΧСԺУеԶɽȻͳ˼պٲܹҵǳɪ֮С
˿ߵ̫ѿ쳽ʱ֪ʱеѾǷѷǷż㡣

ʱӣСû춯Ϊδȥị̃ɻû𴲵Ķӣֻýȥ
ƿ˷ţδС̰˯Ҳûͷүָ˵ûˡ
˵ƿʣһ㶣ִǿյģҲ룬䣬Ϸһż㡣
ӣŷһ֪СдġͻֲõԤУæȥ鷿ү
ùţԽԽԽס
ӣԣСʵүСû°ɣ
δ˵꣬ͿƲ˫һɤӣȥѴȥ
ӣʱһ£æ˳ȥ
Ƭ̣Ҵ鷿
һۣüм䣬鰸һ״ҲһУ㼱æʵף˺£
̧ͷһۣʱۿŵݸãȻɤơ
æӹһĿʮУҲʾѪɫŵʣãȻӻˣ
ֿʼսȭͷǰ鰸ҹ㿴˳ĵģͻȻһˣ˵浱תˣ֪ǰ˭ôĵӣȻܸɳû֮£
Ӹ׵ĵͺѹ侲ĪҪӣ֮ƱҪҵҹߣӵ̫Զġ
º꣬˲֪٣£ܿӾʹлָ򾲡
룬ҡͷһѰˣʱȥץ֮㰢òУһŮǴ޵Ļʺ󣬲ܴĵѰˣֻȰһ³Ǵĸǵġ
Ұһ£ȥƶ
æϴ
ȽеĴʹѾȫ֧ȥֻӣһ¡˵СǰճŲȾ˲農ӣϢ©
ͷǡ
Ȼȥı߳ţ£Ƿ˳ǣڳлã˳ǣѰϣãˡٴӳ顣
ֱεĵ˵ͷ
һǿסʹģѿڣߵضŰ㰢ȥѰƵһ׷ѰôŮɡ
ʧɫף취ǰ
ҡҡͷþǡƵĻһɤ۾һ˲ʱ֡
ϵҲܡҲҴĵѰŸµġ
©˷˵Ƽδ棬Ͻ²Ƽң赽ϣ
ҲֻȽڸҰ˵ȥɣѰĻãѰءҲֻܵûˡ
һʹҲ̺ۿ£ֻȥ

 6 


񽻴ӣ󣬱ֱȥԺƼ
ҴҵĸտԺţڴѵ⺢ӵŲһ١֪ƼϱֺˣúʱЩķҡ
ҸʶүȥˣͿֶӴ˳
һͷĻ˵󲮿ңҪҡ
ͳ˸껪ĸˣ΢΢ʩһ񣬵󲮿ĪҪ̫Ƥϲ顣
δĻֱʵܸأ
һƼ̺ۿԹ˭֪ȥ˼죬һͲӰҲҺúùܹǸ־ֱĳƢҲٳЩ
Щʣ֪ȥˣмѰ
ٿƼҴүôסʱ򣬺ʣүкμ£ʱδҪȥľ۵¾¥ȥǳԾơ
áӦһתˡ
ʾʲôҴҳԺֻգǣŶקĽݡ
˸ţȥƼͿӭ˹
Ƽ׵һϳ˵ȿʵһģ˭Ǵˣ
С˴򷢵ְһԽСϵ˵
Ƽֵּۣ꣬˫ĿԲüʱ뷢쭣ǿסǿ
ش󣬹غƼҺͻʼҵ棬м侲˭˵иˣ֪𣿡
Ƽһ˵ͷܻĵ˵Щףǽô죿
ֽ׵ķԸ˵ƼʹĿεĵ˵ȥɣ֮Ҳֻˡ
Ƽҧҧͷȥ

񽻴Ƽȥţѳѯʵҹмҹϱҹǿɷп֮˳룿
й󣬾ʸڷϣδм֮ˡȥšţ
ȥ˱ţǡõһʵıҹֵصˡ
룬ȷʵһ˱ȽϿɣС˴磬еЩԼʱ˳ţ򱱼жȥδسŵʱ䣬ʱδ̲飬ˡ
ƼĵȻܳ˳ǣ֪Ƿ˽Ӧ۳ϻ̳Ͽֵ˵޷δְֻ˽ɿǷ˽Ӧ
ҡͷδ˽Ӧ
Ȼæظ븸顣
Ǵض㣬ʹļ׵˵£ǷӦǰãȥһҹпܣֲ̿ңֻĸȥ׷ָãܡֻõ㰢ܵˡ
Ӧº󣬴˴æ˸һ·׷ȥ

ƼųǺһ·Уһܵء
ڳԼֻѰҽʿԼݳѰ˸ȽصĴӣԲ鿴˽ⲡΪɣ尵ѰԼõˡ
˿ڶ࣬ٶֿ죬ҼĻ̵̻ġһ˽ⲡģΪǹٸˣ޲Ľд
һҼѯȾˣһҼҵĿ˶գҵ˸ó߰˷ƵȾŮ
ŮĸĸѳԼζҽʿҸŮȥϸ۲죬Էⷽ漲ҩҩ
˵ǾȻ˱ٸͻδܾȻ㽫úˡ
˵©ٳŮũ屾Ͳӣֲֻ֢֮֮ԸЩǮߣܸҽŮĸĸȻԸĲˣβãҲܺùڼǿǵ±ͬˡ
ƼǮ󣬱Ů͵͵˾ǡһظ㽫ŮһƧԺֻӣһչˣƽʱ´ȾΪɲκ˽
ŮͲһϢʱգ󲿷ʱ䶼˯СŵʱҲǻججģ֪˺£ΪǸĸġ
Ҫ˵ǾҲΪȷʵ⼸հ˺üҽʿַΪﲡֻⶻ˲֢֮ҽʿҲ޿κΣ֮ȫȥ
գ⾩б㿪ʼƼҰŮöһ¡뵽һòǾĸŹŮȾֲ֢֮޲ҡͷ̾ϧȻⶼǺˡ
£ӱ׷һգҲδܵټҹֻȴظ
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˾ҰŮȾһȫǶۣȻҲ֪ţֻҥ⾩δдˣ빬Ĺؿھ͵ⲡ
ʱգƿ޵ôСʱģǲԾһ롣
Ҫ˵ƵȷҲװġÿ뵽Լ۰СŮӴ˱Ҫ˶棬ҲмҲܻʱʹǱʹĸȻװҲ޵С
ʵۿ޵ǱᣬģȻҪȰοһùҽȥ￴һ£ƻϣ
ƶڵİŸжһ󣬱Դҽ˸
ҽǰ˾Ϊ񿴹Ҳ·λʵͼҲ֪ٲðº󣬻Ҫع
һ˾Ҳδ˵Ϻȣ˴ȥˡ
ҽӣһԺ䣬ýסڱǺ̤ݡ
Ǹֿ˿һָɴһ죬˳ŷһۡ
ֻڴϵŮĵѴдŧҵ˲ֱӣһ֪ǰϸֻҴƳһۣ㽫ƵŮ϶
ʣµֻԲ̫أ޼ƿʩΪɣԷ£Ƹ֮Ҵһعȥˡ
ҽĻػ뵽Ƶģٲֻ̾ϧƼһòŮҪȥˡ
ʮպƱѲŵŮСĹᣬĹӣź
գټٵһ粨ҲĲ˳һг䶨

ʯͷסŵĽһε£յķɸ봫顣
У֪˸һİźʹֱɥɣ䶨Žÿյŵķȥ
常׵ӦҲж׵Ĵȸ֮ģ֪Ǹ׵طţԼӻ¼е˳
м֮࣬۸ֵģҲᶨųѾȸֵľġԼһⲽûߴĸԸίߣʹպٴѣҪߣֱյĵ

ɽתʮգԺаɹҩݵ񣬺ɽڴһҵ̧ͷЦȣ㿴ˣĪصģ
̧ͷȥĪִæȥӭ
Ժǰ΢ЦŶĪһ񣬡֣ˡ
Īֵ˵ͷˡ˵ֽ´һۣƺҲġȥʰ£Ҹ˵һǱҪ·ˡ
˵ͷӦһת˵仰ʰȥˡ
лЩʱնԱõչˣĪ˵űǰһӷУʹȥˡ
ӿʹãѲҪ˾ҶһдСæʲôܻ˶֮һҲҪġ
Ҽ˵ˣοǰæġ˵ֽǮӲ㲻ʲô£Ҳûȥ
ţִ֣ЦŽˣл
Ī˼䣬Ŷݣǰһа˹
ŵԺͣŵڣʱ򣬽˳
ౣأлҵչˣԵټ˵ű㽫Լһֻժ׵ϡҪѣ֮һ롣
ЩʱµĴС㴦˸飬ҪߣᣬּԼôãһʱᣬСౣأһġ
Ц֣ĪֵĲ˳
Ŵֱ˫Ŀ⣬Ż˻֣˳

 7 


ֱϵн˶գۼƻ裬عĵһϢ㣬ء
صة֪ҪعīӣĽ룬һ˰ź÷ȥˡ
վȫĪͣ󣬽ǣҲ뿪ˡ
ϸ˿񣬼ЩͰƴССһȦɵðۡ
澼үδڣϥһ΢Ц˵ӴұѾ߳ˣպүշ
ЦЦʣЩʱտɻã˾£㲻صġ
лүΪҳıһУ˳պū澶ү߾̷ġ
㲻˾񣬡΢Ц˺ĸűǡȻѻµݺ֣պˡ
үҰáƺܣоЩ̫ڣԾĸ
֮ǰʵݣûƵã˵ֻĪ֡Ž͹ܼҳʤ֪պҲٶ֪ӴԱȵĹŮʾ˱á
Ҳپƺˣϥлүܵ
˰ɣһɫһ绹Ҫ·ȥϢ룬ЦղˣպҲֻΪһСá
ʲôᰡƲˣΪԼ֮ǰƭģлǵø¶һֲɣʱ˭汻žž죬񸹷̵
ǣүšɵӦһ
Цŵ˵ͷתСȥ
һᣬЦŽݣתͷ
û뵽ǰһ
һѩڷ˵ŮĸĹŮͨʣģɣȸŹеĴС㻹Ҫ߹£Ĺй֮޲ɵ̾
ĵֲƽүԼǰüء
ү֮ǰ˵Ǹɣʡ
˵ͷ֣һ·ҲˣȥԵ㶫Ъ˰ɣһ绹Ҫ·
̬ȸ׺ּ´Ҳǳ彲֪ǸѰʹ֡
ʩһ񣬹ɵְֽаãҸϵĹأպ㡣
úӣþţ˵ģתϲЦȴȥϢл·˵Ҳ١
Ӧһֶ˴ǣݡ
һߣֱַ졣˼ĽһˣߡƽղϲɫʱҲﲻסеĻ죬Ц
ЦЦţͿʼΰպãžǣ֡뵽˳סʱЩڸ㽾ڵһҹû˯á
ڶ΢ʱԵɵɵ˯š
ʱȴڱԼ𴲡
ͷһô磬Ķšʹ룬ҲŮ֮·裬Ǳģıȼ磬˯ıȹ·
ԴײŴӴæϴ󣬻һͨŮѣȥΪš
ȽϹţֻһȦҲδʲôĲˣˮϣ⣬ٽг˸Ũ֭Ѳ˰ϣ˸򵥵Ϊ·Сˡ
˻ҲζԼһ㣬˺öȥ
Żţ˼£һ
˵ȣûлã
һˣô˯Ƶ롣
ź󣬼ֻ˼ذڴϣЩɿ壬¶һСƬʵš
һνİ˵˯ое֣ʱһ죬æĿбӵĿ˼ʳ̷ŵ˷ϡ
澸緹үá
δͷһգķɬЩݸ½˼ѣЦͬ
澸¡
˵ţȥʪһ鷽ݸ˳㿴һŵȦ
ϴ꣬Ҳʢࡣŵǰ˵ͷΪүүɺθڣвϲĵط澱ơ
Կ̬ͷһڡ벻ĺúȣ磬ڱĻǡô
ȲļһСˣˬ㣬ʳļ򵥣ȴԼδԹĿζһرĺóԡ
ΪС˵ǺŪȨ֮ƣҳվõĳϡ
̧ͷϲĿ
ζвԣʣȴʢ˽š
һ˲ļЦˣᣬֻû뵽ĴС㾹ҳʳļ򵥿ζȴر𣬾ҴδԹζܺóԡ
̵룬ɲûԹִ˵ķģû뵽ôͱ˰ɣ
үϲͺá
ŵĳ꣬ʰ£ֽȥѡ
񰵰˷ۣ˹ȥ
֮ǰδ˴ѣ֮Ѳֶַһʱﾹ֪Ӧȴļ֣Լ뿪ʡ󿴿ҳ˼оӦöԵģˡ
źһ̣еԼСӣҲ˵ȥŪ
ǷԼˡһʱև壬Ǹ󣬽·ָ
ȴԼ֪Ҳѡ
ţ˵պ㲻Ϊˣ·࣬ҺʹһԴãҲһ򵥵һͣҲԶ˯һᡣ
֪ǲ⼸˴СԭһʱûסСƢûĵⱾū澸ģࡣ
ĪҪſڱտū澵Ľţû㵱ū澿
ڸ·ۺΪһͨڣŵĶˡ
ƵĿһۣ˼ѿڶҵū澿ǰҵʲô
־⻰ʵе֣֮ǰ˵Ļģ˵ʲôʲôæ
оԼ˶飬ﶼԵôɰֱղܣڣ뽫§ĹĵСô£·ˣ
ǣֻԺˡ
룺㻹е˵ȴƢл
ȥ˷ȥʰװһٻ֪Ҫ·ˣöȥ˴ſڡ
ҲԺվſڵͬͬһɣǶģ·ҪУȡǰصī
Ӧ˺ãȥѰָװأһԵš
׵һתſЦͬһ
æӦˣԼֽŲõȥ
һĻݸһЦ³·
һϳ۾С֪Ӧæһˣ㰲һţŪ졣
ʮӣ֣һ˫۾ʢ˴ȰЦ˵ҲЦʮֺƣӡܲҲϣպùϵ˯죬һΪϡ
һᣬҡεҲʼЩ֮磬Ƭ̣Ҳ˯˹ȥ
վΪСϷѣʱ˵˵˯˯ѣ˯˯ģʱ䲻֪ȥʮա
ʮߵϤ
ƽտδЦƿ׵ӣʵ˵ЦһϳɺϵӣǶšһʱ벻ʵĴݣ̫չЩ˵չ˵̫ϸЩʱ֪롣
ĪعԣȴҲչмӡŽеǷ˵Ƥ죬ʱҲԵޡԲ˵׺ѳ
һУʱо˳Ĳ̫ʵȻպ·֪ܳη֪ΪΣȴܾźϣ
֫˼ʱ򣬺һΪŽšЬȥš
үæȹգȵʣүѰ£˽һˡ
ûʲô£΢Цʱ磬֪Ӧûȥ㡣
ƺЩֳ֮ĶԻûв
Լģϲ׷ʵͣҲųϲǡȴС
ԼߣĿĵģǾһδεĺ蹵
ԼǷܴԸǼӦöɶ˷Ŀ;ͬ顣
ûǼµԼҲܺһǰ˵檳ȺҲ檵ġԼòһĻӣһ
һǸŹ󸮣β£һһһ˫ˣִ˵꣬˵ĵޡɹ¶һҲҪίȫ
Զʾãֻװ֪䵭
ү£ذɣϾҪȥˡڵݣģ㰵ʾһʱװɵƾͶ㲻ȥˡ
ãЦЦ˵·̫ˣһԴã㲻ÿΪұˡ
һ㶣Ȿҵķ£үˡ˵ָоЩ񣬱㲹˵ү˳Դ̫ίЩ
޷ʲôûԹ΢Ц˵ЪŰɣˡ
ĿȥıӰССͱ㱻ӣ䲻ڱջ𣬵ӦҲûٳԿͷɣͻȻͷһ˿⡣

 8 


һʱˣһ˸ʳС
վſڿֻεݡ
ʵ׵ģҪʲôŮӦԼȫΪǸĿǰв֪ԭɡ
ԭɵʲôʣΣԼʲôĹϵ
֮ǰǵʾܾİʾ֪治׻װףڿûʲôá
Ȼһλү𽵹һŮͷȻһˡ
үˣоԼӦֱ˵ܲү̧ܲүķ
һ㶣û뵽Լ˹ϵٷӣ⾹ܵĪɵÿЦһ¡˵һ·ûȥţֶ˲г̡ñط;ķ䣬ӹЩԵġĪ룬ȳ԰ɡ
һ⻰ԼˣɵЩڨڨƾܾԵ̫Ťˣ˸л񣬹ȥöԡ
ôִԼֻ뿪˷һطЩƵĵ˴ϡ
뵽֪ӣ֪ԼЩ֮ˡ
һʵȾֽԼ⣬ȻϱҲ³ǽ
Ը񣬲֮ܲУֻܻͼ֮
ǰȥȢǴΡʱɷô֮࣬˼ĽУ֪׾Ӳã͵͵ס
ϸոձ⣬˭ȢĻδ˵ͱ˳
ʱЩΪؽڲޡ˭֪ú˳ǽźޡ
ʱƣƺҲˣʱΪؽڣǲͣ飬ҲΪȫ
ϧԼ׵̫ǺȢ֮£Ǳѹһݡ
Ӵ˻ںУһΨһŮĵףֱ
ҲһʼԼߣԼѾõĴ
ʵûԼô׾١
ȻѾңҲûҪļһʱ⼤淴
ǰԼôİĽĳ̶Ҳû󲻵ĵһôȵ
룬ʧ飬žźЩ

һ磬Ѹٶʰװн
·˴Լ죬ݣ򱱣쵽Ľɿˡ
ǳԻ˶ӣֵ֮ߣһֱ̫ˬܶϡ·ͣͣٶȱҲ
ǰصīҶؼҹ꣬ۿˣԷſġ
ǰţ֪ͣĶֲˣͣ£·Ϣ
Զ«έȥ̧ͷܣ鿴Χİȫ
䣬ȻһˣҲ֪Ǵðģ«έȥ
ʱԭصȺԼĪȥ鿴
ŽүԽԽԶһֻܿ˸ӰˣҲ֪Ǻ£ֻԶԶš
ԽԽͻȻ־񣬵ʱһæתͷ«έء
Զֻһ˳񣬱ЩżͷȥѰҲԼסͣ

Դñ˶֪Ҳܻ˾ˣһֱϰ²ǸζķǸСͰá
ʹɸı䣬Ҳҵÿ񵽵ôˡ
֪ǰ϶ţֻҪ˳˼·ĵĲ飬ʵһ
мҶȥӸʱиòСˣһֱβ
ɲҪ»еϵȻڰй۲һһδʲô쳣
ҲҵΨһеϵˣûϣǲĵβһ·
±ֹһԲҿ̫żӰӣһֱδȷϡ
ֱգǵнٶϵʱʱ³տƵӰ
伤ҲðȻǰѰңһ´ĵҪˣһй¶ȥ۾֮
Ҳ뿴õǱЮֻԸ
ԶԶĸգѰûᣬϵȥ«έأҲ«έڵѰĴȥٴӳ飬ϻǱ
ȻˣҲֻҪˡ
֮꣬ƼһԹΪ޹ЮּöȥĿֱϣ޲ý
ڣŭɶĽ˵㲻ؽƱ磬βգȻǲ
ӴԲӣɫĺЦ˸˵òڶǰᣬһǰȥˡѰȰӻԣʱ뱾ͬУ񲻷۾֮
˵֮⣬֮ġ
᲻֪⻰⣬ҲǸ׵֮ˣȻڴ϶
΢ɲɨһܣ˸ߵ«έý⴦ڵסˣҲ˵ϻ
ҪѸٰγ彣ָŭȵýңұҵ֮£
΢΢ü֪񲢲öԸƳֱս͹ݺύ֪Ȼŭ
Ĺ˼һ뽫ֳֿҡͷֹҪνǰĪ֡
ƹӿˣɿ˵ɱңͲ»ϻ᳹ԭ򣿼ʹǴ˾Ҳڴˣ
ĺòıСˣӲԣݣǲ뻹ˣŭƽʱĶŵһˣʱҲƵƿˣһδ˵Ҽ֮㾹޳˵زĻǵڴH
֪лԼйֻ΢˫ɫš

ֺȻȥԼԶĵطܲŷĵĽ֡
սͻȻԼЩϤǴΪ̫Ƕˡ
ǲĵǰߣϸˣȷʵˣĻ
ĿһǾʢǫǫӣּǸصģͷһˡȻѾ֪Լߵˡ
˫˳ͻæѰȥ
ܳ«έغ󣬿ܻýָǾҲ˲ö룬һ嵽ǰ쿪˫۵ǰ档
ˣ񲻸̫Ž򷢻ȥȴͻȻ˳Ͻ
Ҳ˲ûæֽ֣ͣǹӵĴֻǰҶѣĪҪԼҪߵģ
񿴵Ļ˵ϺҲ
һץסĸ첲Լߣϸֽӵɵӣ¸ԼˣЩʱտˣһȥ
վһԵɫһʣҪƹӻȥ
̧ͷһǺҪһصģѲҪȥīɣ
ʱıѳȻ¡
һϥ£ǰأһͷ̧Ŵ˫ʹֲŵ۾˵˵Ҳֻܸȥ˾Ѿˡֻչ˺õԼĪҪΪҵġպһԼ·Ҫߡǻһž۵һ졭
ѸʹʣĪߣĪ£ҡ
֣ǣĻֻǰҶѡʵȥӸգұβ󣬼ٰС˽˹Ӹ̽պʱ·ߺұҲʼ׼
ҶԳߣ˸εĵطȵ·ұؾ֮صҿңȥīģ˽ˡ
Ҳ֪ж಻ģҲ޿κβŹעһų²ߵģֳȫ
ȥһЩʵ飬ֻҪ˵
Ӧǲ٣Ҳ˳Сҵġ
ˣҲ±ǡ̸һȥĪ»ۼҿȰһȫ֮أҲ빬ˡպ£ٴӳ飬һȥã
ǴҪҲںδ˵˵ǲɽҰ壬ɽ֣ҺʱɵɣѵҪһӲɣߣƼз磬ʱһ֮˶ұ¶ץСʱţأʹҲľսοգ
ַȥɽ߻ʵԶȻҲû˻һССŮ֮񲻱ȳնظʣСãٴοֳȫ
˵꣬ٴߵͷȥǰþôز

 9 


Ĭá
֪˵е۾̫֮أȥʹҲ̫ðաÿսսıҲߡ
ֻǴӴ˽÷ߣȨˣʵڱʹ̡
˵Ů֮ź֪ϸ˿ȷʵŮȹŮķ١Сʳͻų󣬴ӴȴҪΪӣиǱʹѣ
Źŵ񣬱ԽСḧķָ˸Ľӣھһ˽սʹı۾
ã̾һ˵˵ԸӦ˱ǡֻպ֪ʱԶ޼շһҪغԼ
˵˵ţͷʣ˵ȥ
˵ĲԼٴ˵ĻСŮصĿ޸ͣǺۿıþòԸɿ
Īֿ޵ģҲЩܣֻ֪ԼʸȰοתͷ˿
Īƽʱګګʵȴڶ̡;үÿÿЩᣬ뿴ʱȻͬ
֪үϽ˴ǺţʵӶ꣬ѱĥı䣬Ƶȴġ
ȴƺһħүȥʯͷҹͿүһĪĿֱŶָоΪ˿Լֻܽĵס
ſ޵Ҳܼɬδȫ䲻̣Ǳȿ˿ڣ񣬻Ҫ·Щֳɣ뿪̫Ҳ˲ɣδǻǾЩ
ųżӴֵĻ̧ſ޵Ҷ۾񣬻˵֣ȥˣպԻټģĪҪңغ壬ĪҪμ֮£ʡٶģлᣬҺ͸дŵġ
̧ȥϹŵ飬˵ͷȥǱһҪչ˺Լ֪𣿲ʲô£㻹и֡
֪Ĵ֣ġ
һתҪվһԵϥ°ݡ
ΪΣæס
ղð˹ӣȴ֪ڰҼģе빫ˡ
΢Цƹӿˣ˾Ҳ⣬Ӳ𡣡
ֵ빫չ˺üãպлᣬ¶ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ӷģŵպصīС㣬ԴöԲŮҲֻȨ֮ƣպ󰲶ί
һм֪ŵй仰ұĽиˣлڴңףһа˳
ǣٴοһʹȥ
𣬿ѽԶȥŬƽԼ
ۻǺ׵Ҷһǿ޹ġ
˿ȡԼӣˮҽӽʪ˹ȥ
мĿһۣӹȥСøɾת˵ӵȻͷϴٻү
ЦЦãǡ
˿ԶȺͬ߹ȥ̫ԶЩȥɺã
Ҳȷʵ̫Զˣֻõ˵ͷ
ȽԼֿȥڻǰأЩ
о˿̫Щǰƣһ롣
ܸо˵ǳȻ£ʱеЩڣĴͷȥ
ɬ׵ʹͷĪһ𣬲ɫЩȻһǰȥ
ĪֿһĻĲ˲Ͻȥ
ǰŽ㳵⻹һЩ˷ܣҲȤԼѧˣպ񲻸Щʷүɺѧ
һķήɫ۷Ź⣬룬Ͷõ˵ȻҪˣѧĿЩŮ׽ӴѧЩѧȽι죬ЩϵѧҲܸȫЩ
ŶĵӦһʵģлүȻˡ
ȥıӰЦҡҡͷǸ顣
￴۶˳æʣǣȥô÷ʲô£ˣ
ڨڨƤղ«έ˷Ѱˣ㼱ˣҺñүҵŻص
￴ҲŹǵͣͻδȫɲǸӣ¿ޱˣæЦŰοãĪҪˡҲҲԼȻأȵ㲻·ˡ
æ˰֣ܹأҲߣߵ̫Զ·۵ֺʹôãֲ־ͺá
Ц֣̾Ǹµĺӡ

һ·պ󣬱㵽ݵĲأҲĽɿһأ򱱾Ҫɺˡ
ո·˶һƣɫĲվһ죬ٶɺӱȥ޲¶ϲɫ
Ȼ˵Ҫˡ
⼸գΪܿѧһϾ͵͵ȥιһƥ
ͨѩһɫ·ϱõƥϲܾˡҲ۲ˣ˳ʺá
ֻҪÿգͻȥ˵˵ιιһ¸飬Ϊȡ˸֡ѩ
ղٸ·ÿѰȥѧѧˣ
Ǿڵڶոʱô˯֮͵͵ȥǣһǣѩվ
Ϊ֪ģȴ֪ñĪֿ˸š
ĪֱǰѯʣֿС͵͵ӣ뿴ҪʲôǱδ
βһյʱ֪ԭѧС̫ˣҪԼѧһ±룬Ѹٻȥ
ԺһҲ˲ûˣ½Ѱ˹ȥ
ܵʱء
ΪѧȥҲЩ롣ûСﵨӾԼѧˡ
ǳ⣬¾ˤֻ
˳ľҲûʲôѵİҲѧгѣԵţԼ˫Ź룬̫ˡ
۾Ű취Ҳδ쵽
Ūһᣬǹ㲻ȥˡһץףһǣ˫˼￪ʼߺȣݣݣߣߡ
˿ΪԼþ̫СˣһУʱ˻һ
ϾҪߵˣϴ˿ܾƵģһ̧ǰ㱼˳ȥϵʱסˣʹȻ󵹲㣬ۿҪȥ
һ̴ǰһֻŹס룬һֻŹסһ壬Ѽˤϵ˻һϣһжڵʯһǳɡ
ʱ񻹴ڵľУȻ˫ֱ§סԼץסƵãסš
ͷŻɪɪҰһ۽ǻ飬ŵЩ֪룬һãȻʱоֺֺЦıοˣˣˣ˭㵨ΪԼѧˣ³˰ɣ
ϤԼſ˼һţʱߺæֱӡ
ҡ˵ұΪϤˣһԣһʼģ˭֪ͻȻ͡
˵һžӨգֽ§ﰲοѣæϵ˵ˣүҷȥɡ
ֻŷŻ˵ϡ
Ĳԣ߿ˣȻҪˣҺ˳ģȻ㰡
תͷСӣ
ŸСͷлү֮
Ǻ޵С죬һ㶳˳ˮӣңÿƲۡƲס뽫ﳢһæԼҪ
˹ͷѩˣĪҪˣûˡ˶٣ЦǺǡǲ˵ġ
ү֪ǹģĪҪȡЦҡ
ջߣЦʣѧΪβ߱ҽǡ
үԸңһæһЦүԸ̣ȻҪѧģȻʼˣа;ϵĵ

 10 


ٲȻǸӰ㣬ղŻڿޣ˵ЦЦˣЦҡҡͷ
˲ԼϵĸоϵģľϵģƺѾ䲻Լʮʱˡ
ĬˣԼǲЩʧ˷ִ磬˵үһ·Ҳ࣬ʵѧҲԵģԺҲԼ͵ѧˡ
֪ˣЦδвףѧѧǡ
˵˫ָŵߴ˸ڣѩ˹ḧ˸Ĳӣſϲ֪˵Щʲôǰͷ˻˻ǣ֪ĺһ㡣
˳оɰҲˣߵǰѧҲ˸Ĳӣſ˵Բ𣬸ղż˰ɣ
֪ˣЦˡ
˷ܵתЦļŵĻƵĲãƿĿ⣬ܹŵλãֽȥ
½εź룬ʱöȵȣǣߡ
ٴΰȫ˷ܵЩԣٺ٣үǲ̫ЩΪǣ򡭡
δ˵̸꣬оף⻰˵ıǣΣе㡭ʱˡ
ȻЦ˵δΣС
ɡɻʱ֪
תͷһۣһڣĬĬЦ£ת˻⣬ʼԦ
ʼֻһˣϤ¸оĲˣְֽʱȣʾܡ߻ͣ
˱ڲ֪ĥ˰յʱ⣬ۿ̫ѿ죬˵ĶҲʼˡ
ʵûѧͷϣӽҲо뵽ҲһˣûԹòء
ϣѩĲӣᡣ쵽ʱˣүҲˣǻذɡ
źɺãһڵᣬѧͦãѧһѧԼˣܺת仹ǲУǿ
᲻̫鷳үˣ۷ŹĿȴүˣѧҲǿԵġ
ô˲ܰ;ϵĵˣ
ЦæҪѧģҪѧģܰ;ϡ
Цԡů£һڴճĻ¡ĳᡣĿһ˲ֱѯʷŻ
үȥ𣿡
ѩĲӣڣģűǡ˵˸ڣǺܵߡ
ѩƨɣһһױ㽥ʧƬյϡ
صվ˷쳣
㰤ˤһ磬ȴһҲδĥļ顣
뵽ľ֮һϤĽ̵ˣúøлһ
ȥѲһȦˮмZ㣬վİջɱ㡣
ٺøϴȥַۣŵˮﾻѪõУͨкõĶƬ㹽ƬͽƬֵЩƾƣϹʼ
ʱֳɵĶѿϺ˸ˬڵİˣϼ˸ŪˣǱҲĸոպá
ȡ̣кõĺܲ˿˿ͺɽ˿ϣֽԼǰõŨ֭棬ͨһյĹȵͣζʱɢİֱʿˮ
ֻʱźóԣѸٽвװʳȥ䡣
ˮδѶǰ󱳣ֻСԼͷȴҵȲ
żʱŵζֻиСΪνշʱͿʳнˡ
ѸٽʳĲóںã߰ڱߵүõˡΪ˸лү˼ˣδͷү˰ɣȳǷϿζ
ÿ˲ζŨҸڷŵľºÿ˵ɫҲ˴Ρ
ԾһڿˮȲļһ⣬մ̵׵С
ʱڿɢ㻬ˣнֱ˼ζһڿڳԵľͣ¿ꡣ
֪ԼĲ˺óԡĲ䲻ʲôʢ硢ζʳͨʤء
Ȼִ˿Щ˲Щҳ˰ˣˣԽʱͲһˡ
ַ󡢿Ϊ˸ûСҲܵζ֮ϲȫȻԼִ˵ˮƽ֮ˡ
ҪԼĸֵζϣڵ±ΪҲΪ
Ե޲ڣвЩ⡣
ôү˺ó԰ɣ֮ǰδԹɣټϵԼĵζϵĻǻ⻹óԡϧˣ·ϲ㣬ֻպΪˡ
ЩԳţһЦţóԵδԹ˼ζԭΪ˵Цûȴȹ绹óԡȷʵ˵ãպΪղˣпڸˣ
ǰջ˺Ҵ˵ЦŴȤպúչңŮίųһٷү⣬Ҽˣ
ЦˣΪղ˲һҪҲӰƯͻݵΪϲԵĲˣǶôܰҸĻ棬ʺĸ
ڿɲ˵
ū澳ū澶̵ĺԼĶţܶԼôڵ˵Ѿˡ
۵ĿԼһҲ뽫Լ¶ȥĸģͻȻ
æתͷ𴦣ͷ΢
֪ʱԼ˹δǷεĸң˼Ƶ׽˵Ҳ֪
һ·Լ΢ĹչˣʹҳߵЩο
ΪǰԴֵǰáԼĻм
ǽԼѰϷУ
ֻΪԼˤ𣬸ԼȱٵİȫС
ԼųӢ˵ЦݣȻоеңٴˡ
Ѹʰ꣬ȥ
صԼ䣬ֻڷͳԲˡΪԼôתеȣҲ֪ǺǻǶǴ
֪˶ãһȥδ˵¡
ȥţſڵпԼӣͻȻͲ֪ˡ
֮ǰĶоеˡʱǰڵ˵е㲻ڡ
׼ˣϢˣȥɡ
˵תߣһĲɡǰӣͣ˽Ų
뻹ǸСӣ绹²йһ޾ûȤģ
˲ѧˣ˵Ǳˣѧܺ͹ĻͽƥأûʲôҪˡȻ˱ȥϢɣҲȥЪˡ
˵̧žߡ
˭˵˲ѧˣѩ͸ۣջ̫ˣʲôˣæ˵а;ϵĵȥ
ʱס˽ŲЦˡ
Ȼѧ߰ɣѧһҲܶЩ
ү˵ĻҿˣҪҡ
ҪѧˡЦ˵
񰵰˾ģһҪѩŪ֣
ʵѧıͺܿ죬֮ѩҲϣѧ˲ʱѧܺ͵ͷ䡣
źѩʼܣܸΪļԦƥ
ʱԼΧſյȦˣ˷ֱܵꡣ
ʱ治֪мֺֻܲԶĿšš
ʱǹķɿ죬û˾ҹ
īһ£Ư࣬ӦԻ˶ĻЦ
裬ҹˤţˡ
үѧˣδߵǰ˵Ҫҡ
ţĿ͸ˡ
ۣүð񻶺ѩԺҵ
ʱΪȡ֣Щ졣
ŶŶһûΪʽܣ˷ܵеˣȻڿЦλԶŵĺүүµõıѩѩϣպദ죡
˵꣬ԼоЦʼЦ
һĻĶҪˣһͿÿõĻ˶ðԭôÿɰЩӡ
ϲϵľϲ
ү֣Цˣʡ
˸Ĳӣ⡣
⣬飬ѩָо䰡ܺ֡
Ǻ䡭ǵˣ롣Ҳȷʵһƥֽġ
ãҺѩʶҲ
ôƵĸѩԼˡ
Լʱô׽ء·⣬ҳ

 11 


һ磬ҿʰװ·ˡ
˲ʱ㵽ĲصĶɿڣҪڴ˳˴ɺˡ
ŽڶɿѰ󴬣һϴʼĺӡ
վڴͷңԶԽԺ󣬵ڶκĺˡ
һζɺӣǰȥīʱʱͬ˵״̬ȻҲͬ
ǵǴʱֵ䴺㣬ʵĿĴ󳼺ͼҾȴɥ˶ʹ顣
ʱԼҲңľϣ
վڴͷ񣬱߹ȥΪ˼멣ʲôأôרעϷСĶš
лү£££ϵϣûʲôڿ·˻
֮ǰɹӣʡ
ңǰϰķ򣬶˶٣δ
˵ͷ˳ĿҲ˹ȥƬ̺ĵ˵ĽԱдƬīĹǰռȥǰұĽ˻ģٻأڣ಻ڡ
ջߣתͷͷĪһִԽū˵ǿԸͬܵģĹԶ֪ܻܲصȥ
ڣڣ۾ʱǾͻ֡
ЦЦ˵Ĳ޵ԭ˽꣬껥սݣʹҰԭأʧǲսȺʧȥʧȥҵˡ
սҵ̾㷽ҵǳ߸ϵȨǣĵȨмЩƽǵأž ·жǰˡ
û뵽ȵĿ̾ڸŹĴС㣬ļأ˱˵黳
үĪҪȡЦˣǺЦЦԶЩ˼˵ʲôļأижˡ
ижжٸ߸ϵȨ˶򲻵ء룬ԼϲԶԭɣʱѾ͹Գֿĸˡ
չĽܵݣһᣬʡ
˺ӣ;߰գа±㵽ˡ
ʵҲͦġ૵˵
ڴϣӵĶ԰뵽ǰʱֱǹƼꡣ
ȴͬˣߣһ·ڴͻ֣Ҳпʱ
ջԶߣĿصŽĲϡ
üī˫Ŀ飬ܳ𣬴졣˾תߣٿֱ񡭡
֮ǰסգ֪иȪ䲻󣬵ΰ֣֪ܶݺ󣬱ȥɺã
ȪûݹȪأеȥȥүȥʡ˵
ЦˣǸȪۺСֻȥҲݲ㣬Ȫмڵϲͺˣ
Щԥˡ˾ʱļҪԡģһ·ޣ˵ˣϴһϴݳޡ
ҪݸȪе
ǿԷģϽصģȥһ·ķۣҪǶûúԡˣҪȥģ㲻ȥպûˣȥ
ҵȥ˿񵽵ûסȪǲү˵ôܣүȥݱǣš
Ǹ飬Ц롣ãǣҴȥ˵
˳УٶȺܿ죬˶ձ㵽˰
һϰ󣬼Уݣʮգյİʱ֣˳ݳ⡣
δȥǰīء˵أ˱С
ҲΪϤȥǰǰʱڴ˵ض
ҽǺ˷ܵĶﶼЩסˣƵƵƿ⿴
վڴ˵ϢһգһƬ
°׵Žվȥ깺Щ
ŽŸļƥײ󶫹һɽһᴩӵģֹүҪһֱðȪ׹ˡ
£үһ·϶СľչˣΪүĽĸȻǿġүǿСˡ
ҲǣСﳤû˵үҲΪ档ֻСȴЩʶôүݣһ˲ţȴƵĿ롢ƾš֪ǲʲôܹݣžеҪ͡
ڿүΪֺС۵˴֪Ҫ𣬶ʱү޷޲ƽ
ЩҲû룬ѿڶүҪϲСֱۣӰӲϹ͵ˣСﶼ۳ˣܡ
˵꣬ȥһۡ
Žŵĵʱס˿ڣĻ˻ȥ
ƽʱ˺ܿ˵Ҳɫģ˷˹أҲǸôĴ򡢸÷ķһҲ˶Ǻܾηġ
֪ˡŽ˷Ż벻Ǿ֪үϲСԼĻˡ
ǻ䣬ֻܺǻӲߢպĪٺˡ
ŽͷЦˣٲˡ
ȡ˲ȪΧһȦⲻȪȸΧ
һ˳һͷȪһΪٽֱϵߵϣʱһҵ¶Ȫ
˾¹⣬ź磬æʱŽȪΧ˸ʵʵſһȦȷʵˣȥ
صվʱѿ캥ʱ񷿼ʱƻţš
пڴϿ飬Ьȥš
ݣүȥˣͨĺ
վҾȥѰʱŵ£˵ȥˣǲŻأù𣿡
δ÷ͶǰˣҼЩԵİɡ
Լ¯ŵ̧ͷһۣʣȥãҲδϳԣʲô£
δʲô£ת¯ԣǳȥ˿
˵ҲʡתȥȡһֻСӣߵ¯ϣˮֳȥˡ
һܣٲŤŲˣԼڷͷһϲЦˡ
ûô࣬һŸȺȥȥͨĺ
ڳͺ棬ЩУ˺ĩֵСζֻ֭Сһ˽ݡ
¯ϵˮտˣ㻻ֻСŵ¯ϣĩˮȥֽƤµˣζ֭һ͵Уǽһζ磬ӶǷ㡣
ֱʿˮ۷ֱЩЦʢһ˵ǰүãһӶģԡ
ӹڵƤʳָ󶯡
˰Ӳžǣ޵Ķ̫óˡ
ʱˣЩЪ˰ɡ˵űʣµǰƤվЦһ˺ͱһʣµ͸ɡ
ߵſڣͣסһ磬ȥȪ
ҴȥıԼҪϿƵãЩЦѳԺš
ڶһ磬ȥȪӦúִȥҰͲ࣬ӦñԵģǱȥЩźͼ
ŪһУۿʱҲˣæȥϴһ׸ɾѡ
뵽ŵϽ֣Ǹᣬֶ˶ñ
ѰʱÿŸʳгš
żǳƵ࣬ɷ۵ȹԵֻãǰһȥϵʳУֿŶñǱʣñ
ү֮ǰ˵ҳȥ
ղɣҡҡͷɽУȥ
Ҳϲɽ
ϲɽԵɽͬһɽ
õĵ
Цˣ޷ȥˤô죿ջҪ·ġֲûͬ
ôͻȻϵƭĸоأҪҪڲȥˣͱƭ˳
һ·۾˵ԼϽ֣Լڽ֮аɣ
ֲˣԼͬһųģߣĲȥ
ĹĵСģ̿ûƭ㣬·Ĳߡպеǻ϶Զȥ
ǺʱԴѧһδôˡ
·кߵĵطһɺã
ջԹߵĿ⣬ɫҲЩ
ЦҡҡͷĵǸӣȫдˡ
ڲǺƽɽ·ϻλһᣬͣ˳ָָɽ·㿴ûƭɣߣһôȥ
죬һ˵ˣһ˵ʲô
ǱԹԵԼɽ
˺þҲδȪԽԽף֮䣬ɽûˣֻͬһƥǰźƵš
ȪȥĻᣬڵˣͻȻͲ
ôûʡ
ˡ
үˡ
·ã°ˤˡ
񡰡
ȵıϢʱĺϣŪˡ㱧ʳǰƣһоֱһơ
ȻһֱֻۣһȦ˻ȥ˻
үʱˣ𰡣
ǰһͷͻȥˣѵҪñȣ
񡰡
Ķôˣĵү濴ǫǫӣԭźƤһأպٲĵˣٲˡ
֪еķߺСԼĲֻһֱȥҲǺõġ

 12 


صС·ߵͷӡ
ӳĲйðȪɰײΧûжĴ񣿣
ЦȥΧĿʵǲǺ⣿
ȵĿһۣæߵԹۿ־Ԥ˸ֱ̫˰ɣЩСȲƿ˽ȥ
ɡɵȪһײмС䡣һܣȷʵܵĺܣ˶ţȫ˵ܲ͸ˡ
ɺ⣿Ҳ߽Ц
үҹΪŪšͻȻůůģЩжЩ֪롣ԭҹôŹ飬ðϺŶӣΪԼݸȪ
ô죬ϵŪǲɵϣ񽿳ŪͦãҺϲлү
ϲͺáЦ˵
ˮȪڣ۾ͻȻе㷢ᡣһ·Լϸģʱʱů͸жҪ˵ûһĶǼٵġ
οǰһվ뱻Ӷѡ
ԼĿģݡܵõҪһһһ˫˵ĸʵ̫ˡ
һػصķֳʲôֻȢԼһˣǰĵҡҡͷܡ
ĸжǰһȥ֣Ҷ㡭
үȥһɣæתܿˣͦãұˡ
̬ܵȣͷһ̾һãҹȥˣǸ˵
Ƭ̣洫OO@@·ˮų׷ģȥˮ¡
ŪˮȻͷӿһԵζģеᣬæⲻ˵ĸоѹȥȻȥˮ
ԡһҲ滺˺ܶ࣬ԼˮУʯڣ۾С
öûһ㶯е㵣ģỽ˾䣬ĻӦŷġ
ôεȪүôֵģ
룬ӦϱԼʱ˱˵һ֧ɽϣڸɽѲ䷢⴦Ȫ۵ġ
ȥǰڴ˴סգɽʱ䷢ֵġ
뵽ССͱȥӣɵͷһʣүԹ㸸ʰȥӣ
˹ǣ˶ΪֻܳĻӲŻᱻȥӣһȹ̰ӡȴǸ۰Ǹӡ
λʱīĹ䲻ģȴǿģҪȹ̰
֮ԻȥӣΪ뱣ҡ
ʵ谮ĶӣЩʣǸҪ
ٿرЦˣָࡣܳ裬ҲΣա
Ƭ̣ƺܾԶ¡һᣬڵλʱһֱδ̫ӡҳΪ̫ӡֻͻȻ缲ÿ£ٲȻ̰źµʱˡʱֻʮ꣬ҵֳȴѵ֮꣬ڹȶĿǣջֳΪ̫ӣڵī͡
ԶƼĸ󣬱ǰȥФ̫󣬸򸸻̫ӶҺ֮ǡʿߺһĸӶ޺뵱ʱϵõӣԽؽ֮á
ȥİ󣬸ʱȥˣĸӶĸԸѳΪɣ͵͵ˣȴҲδ븸ͬѨ
ֻ֪ڼλĺܲ˳ȴ֪ʹͯꡣ
뵽ִʱԼҲʮʧȥ˸ĸ֮ͬ顣
ָоԼˣΪĴԽ۰ĸ֡
ȴҪȥԼ߱ĸˡ
Ϊеѹȴֲ֪ΰοΪκʧȥ˵ʹǰôĲ԰
ԲҲ㸸ʣµġЩѹ˵
ΪѹЦЦ¶˵Ѿȥ꣬˿Ҳˡźδ֮ʱһ棬ҲδܻءֻǸԸδˣδɣ»ǿʱ򡣡
үıʲôæתǸصĻ⡣
սֹս˵
·ңһȺʵ൱ȨΪ໥ӶᣬһΪݽսսȴƽա
²塢ʳʧȥ԰˸֡սɳ¹¶Ѹ
һׯʮҾſգһǳ˥ȥշ١
ҪһУͱӵоԵʵսֹսֻѹʵ뷢սӲ
ͳһԭº庣̣հҵǸʵԸұ׷󡣡
˵ػ
ǰлĻԲ֪һɾ֮ǰ˽⣬ţҲߵ
˵Ц˵Щеζ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷŻع˵룬ү϶ʵԼ뱧
һЦôã˱Щɡ
ӷžͿʼˣǴߵʳУȡһԵġ
үôԣ
ȥȡ
ͷ˿Լӣ·ˮ͸ɫ͹Ҳûˣæ˵үܹݵ·鷳ģҴӲݹȥɣ
Цˣá
ڲһ죬һźͼһͬ˹ȥ
Щ𣿡
ţˡҪʹƣš
ŶһֻմžӨˮźʹƣ𣿡
ơ
ĿȻǰ۵źҧƵãٿ˻ȥ
߳үġôСôṻ

һӳȥɹˣЩ·ҪõĶ⣬ЩͲˣΪԵĲˡ
µڶӱɷʱҲЩɫżұ뽫ļ޻ЩǮӣɺĸܽԼ㽫ӶżңӴ˸ܽסڹȥ
Ӳ㽫ԼеĸԼ׶ӣıԼҪСΪչš
ֻ岻ʣ㽫չ½
պ󲻱źˣǷĲ£ֿƺЩۡŽÿò˲塣
ֻ˸߲ҵȴôҲѰһС˰߲֪үŰһȥˡ
ʱЩʲôɵͷһϲ
뵽үҲʮˣѳ꣬ǰиķͨ檣Ǽ¡
Ѿͷ¹ɣܹүĶԼҲܸġôţ˸⣬Ȼ̵ĻطϢȥˡ
ڶһ磬˼·߰գߵı߾
̧ͣ£Ц˵Ӵ˴īˣǱĻ˹
ʱһ󻶺˵ͣ˷֮ɫ
Ҳ˵ƿ⿴ЦĶ˵쿴ߵīˡ
Ҳ˳ƿȥδԵĹ硣ʵ˵īûʲô˷ܻѹģԼļҡ
ֻ뵽Խ븸ԽԶɵͷ΢ᣬЩۿ
ͷޱһĻΪ᲻ü硣ҲǣϾȥȫİĵطһСҲֿġ
£ûοɵӱѹպү˵ǸͨԵõĶǺõģļˡ
պΪүһŮģүݣ뻹ܵءպ˰ӣ¿һ˺ã
ͨѾͷ£ζˡ룬֮ǰľȻûҺûµıֺɫԻ
ôֻһأ˵һˣȴֻͨѾͷ
ֱˣ֪Լʺ󶼲Ҳ˹ȻԼͨ϶ҲΪԭŲҺԼɣ
Ǻô̫۸ˣ
ôһ룬ίˣҪ
ôʱڴ˴ЪϢƬ̣￴ޣæȥһԡ
ӰˮѰ˹ҪҪˮ
æ˲ᣬعͷ޺޵ĵһۣǺлүӲʣպĪҪūϷˣū澿ܲ𣡡
һȻģһ㶣ҲûǺף̧־ȥᣬʣôǣ
СĪĺܣȪϲͦ˵ģһպͻȻ
ֿʼū澳ū澶̵ĶţΪͿܣܾˣԲһͷ
ŪģҲʲȻ
үŤͷ֣ܿϥһ񣬡պһҰɣŤ
˵Ҳתˡڨڨһԡ
Īֿ˺е㵣ģֲǰѯʣֻԶԶš
ŽԼүʧıӰҧгݣȴֲ

 13 


ϸѩƮ䣬ԶգɫĴƶ£ʱ,㽥ԤʾŸķѩҪ١
ݳ⣬һȺǵȥͷ棬ѲܵϺеĸ߻źӣ˶еĺӱŮ˱ڻһ֪
һ˶ӵиǣŸʮҵŮޣŮѾû·Ķ˵ϣȷվ
׹ߣյĹ̵СĿﲻͣպţϲվǰ쵽ˣ˳ֵǾܻˡ
ʱͬеҲͣ˽˽Ůޱ
Ů޵˶и˵ϣ㿴ϲյḶ́۷ֱҿٲԵ㶫õΣֻ³Ųˡ
˵걯̾˿
ǳһϲʹ
ʱڳװľˣһһݣȥ
Ⱥ˵ʱȺһЩĸͻȻ嵽ǰؾͰݡ
һ߿ͷһλүλүλкðɣһڷ԰ɣһҲУһǿĺӣһ²£ѾûгԹһڶˣҵĺӿˣλүˡ
ǸݾүסḾ˸æйȥסĽţͷ絷⣬ֹ
ݾүņ̃ǸḾ˵°ͣϸһۣĵ߾ңǧֻҪܻʱҿ㳤໹ȥӪˣܱסҪӪԸͬȥ
Ů˶ŵվˣΡΡҡͷ˵ūҲȥ
Ǹݾүҡҡͷ̾йҪĹӲӲɡ
˵ʱͻȻ˳ߵǸݾүߣͷϵʵү㿴ô㿴𣿡
ݾү̧ɨһȦҡͷ˵Ÿӣ뵱ˣǻؼҰѺ˵ɡ
ҧҧ˱ۣϸĿڵү㿴𣿡
˵ϽԶϲܹŵǰ
㿴ʮˣֻҪܻܳүɣֻҪڷԾС
ݾү˿ϲüͷ⡭Ҳ̫СЩôҲùʮա
ϵǸ־үһϲڵ˰ɣֿģžӪ꣬ɵֻҲˣҲǸ
ϸæλүͷлȻһèһϲƲסʹ߿ޱ˵ϲ·ϽĻ㶼ס𣿡
ϲϹ飬ãȻĵ˵ͷ
ϵҪλүߣϲҲ᲻áûа취ŲҪģպͷһҪסһҪȥ
ϲͷҡ˹ģţﲻҪﲻҪҲҪߣҪ
ǸŮһѳϲµ㻹Ҫȥˣ㲻ô
վһ߳Ůһ߿޵ܣҵĺӣҪҪȥ
˵ͷϲСһѽǸݾү
ݾүε̾˿ϲԼҲȥȻԵվŵŮ˵⣬ȥʮľӪӦľˡ
˵ͳһǮͷҲصļȥֻϲ˺ѷεĵĿ޺
ϿﳾȥʰϵǮŽվһֱŮ˵ΪΪԼȥΪȥֻȥǲÿ춼зԣᱻֻҪžͺãͱǿˣʲôûˡ
ϲܻȥ˵߲ϵᣬҶĺҲܻȥҲۿһһȥ

ҲҹһĻñݳһ˵ȿ
Ⱥ񿴵й˳ǣӵԣͷҪԡ
ղһĻͷȦ죬ҲԼĺĬĬᡣ
ּȺ˷Я׵ĳ嵽ǰ֣ǲӲͣ
һ·ر߾ʱ˵ܶ塢ءǳصŴսӣ˿ػߣϱڲԫ
еǣһˡпЩ˲ҵͬʱΪܺ͢Ӷеʹļס
Ϊúӻȥ˵£ͷۼֻĲҾ緢ǰе⣬Ҳᵽʲô˼伲ࡢ
뵽ǰִʱЩ˼Ҿֻ鱾ϿȴֻǼ֣идҲֻһתˡ
ʹǰҲԼϲŭ֣ԼҪİЩʵ
ЩѪҾͷǰһֶʱǶôҪػ¡ϵյȡ

ͣȺ˳
ǿλüĿŴ˵һȫӵڵϲסͷҪԡ
ᣬæ˽·ϴĳʳȫóָҡ
ȿֺĽӹ󣬾̻ʣ˾ҭֱۡ
ָæˮ
ĲҾ磬ǰѼʹļףЩҲͳһԭº庣̵Ķ
ʤȡЩͭǮÿ˷һֽɵʳǡ
˽ӹǮ׷ǿͷл
οҿĪˣǮȥЩףҸطȰ
˿Ⱥˣֿ˿Ǹʹ޵ĳϣĬĬĳ˹ȥ
Ѿþöδ˵֪ܲ˵¡ڣ㰲οĪҪģǸСŮŽȥ׷ˡ
˵ͷмĿһۣлү
Լ̬лͣҲ˲׷Ƣԭ򣬿ѳ˶߹ȥѯǵľ
Щ񣬳Ʊϣڱ߾򲻶ܵսϮׯ޷֣աݵٰȼ񣬻ϵ˰رۣ߼˻ᱻ޹ץȥݲÿʳսս԰ʼĴˣ
Щеߵƽݣеıߵĵݡ
֮·Ǽ£ʳеֱӲ·ϣǮҽαǸʱߵĽҰ⣬ᱻϮǲˡ
һ·ǷЯһ·нʮˣߵ˴ʱֻʣʮˡ

ǵĿߣһȺ˴ӳſڴΪ׵һɫٷˡϵ伾޵İܣ̫ؼꡣ
Ӧǵ֪Լ;ݣӭġ
ȻͼҴߺߵ֮񣬿и˵¹ٵ̫ؼ֪꣬үѵ£δܳԶӭŵүүˡ
𣬡Цһ·Ǳлع˲֪Ҳ֮У֮СЩ񣬵īգȻѰ˱ӣưš
ǣ¹󣬹ص¹ȽưŵһյǼͳһȥ
ЦǱͼˡ
̰Ÿгʷ˽ЩȥõǼǡ
û뵽Լˣһ͵õưã޲мǶ˿ͷл
Ǳȥ󣬼ЦŶүһ·࣬¹ȥһ԰ӣүƼݵݸۡЪϢ
Ц̫µİסݶ٣Ҫϻؾϡ뼾˸ڸԺӼɡ
깪ǣ¹ȥš

 14 


ʱմӴʷӦסǼ䷿ĹΣפ㣬Ƭ̡
뵽ЩʱֻҪԼദʱͿܣ̬ǰδе䵭Щķҡ
֪ʱδ˯Ϊ˵δӻصŮǰš
һæЬ·󣬾Ϳš
үŽŮӻˣеʡ
ǺԼ˵ˣԺЩ΢Цδأǽշѩ·ϲߵˣסһпܡ˵һĪҪģϢɣұ˸֪㡣
Ŷ񵭵Ӧһ˸񣬡лүҲذɡ
˵Ҫš
æסʲô£ΪΡ
ҲǺү˵𣬡ҪǸպū澵£үģүĹҲܲҾ밲ȵӡүϿ˰ɡ
ףúõһӱԼˣȪʱͦãԼҲû˵ʲôʲô
㡭СֹãϢɡ
ţԺһҵĽŲŽүһˣŮҲƽĴˡ˰ŵԺַˣǺյ˸ҽʿء
һ˵Ļһȥ
ٲȻǸӣ˵ͱ䡣ŻĹĵ죬Цˡ
ôӣһסЬŽţôôķѩܳȥǵò˲ɣȴһȥ
һۣץԼ֡ĵڲһʶҧҧ´תȥѡ
ŽһĻٺһЦԼүҪ˿ɱȰ
æЦˡ
һᣬ񴩺Ь࣬˼֯ë磬վſڣ
ϸһۣЦЦ߰ɡ
Żһ·ַŵƣ֪ݣ˽ȥ
һݣͿŵǸƼݵŮŴ۾עŷеһСӽŵ
Ÿӣæһ˵ֽҽʿˣ˵·Ⱦ˷纮ϼҩܺá
˵ͷãȥɡ
ǡӦһ˳ȥ˳š
ߵߣϲЦЦŵͷϸ
ϲѱϴɾ¶ݣɬĵͷ
ĶĿ⻺ƣ¶ڱ˫С֣׵ľЩҲ̶ãϺɫСͷ
滹ѿܶඳڣеĽѪ裬еĻ¶ʺ⡣
һѹæȡĶ࣬ϸĵĸͿĨϡ
ϲҩ˫ͻϻϵС֣˶ָ͵͵̧ۿ
ЦЦʣϲǰɣ
ϲ̧ͷ˵ͷ
˫ˮ۾˸мͬʱֲһ޴С
㲻ú£оĽţЦŰοȻƿһǣ˵ţҰҲϵҩ
ϲֻСѾֺ
񿴵Ľź󣬵һǽŵײ֪ǶĻǳʱ·ĥģѾáҲĺеĽֺǻϷţ¶ʺ⡣
ʱۿ
ϲһ˫۾С˵۵ġ
򸡣
ô᲻ۣ⺢̫ˡͻȻûס۵ĵ
߹ıѹˣڵõ˼ʱΣҲԺĸžˡ
˵ͷ˲ᡣ
ΪϲĽͿҩָòϣ˵ҹú˯һױˡ
ϲʱĵЦˣ˵ͷ͵͵˵лл㡱
ҲЦˣָǺñ˯ɣ㡣
ϲӦһı۾
ۣһݡ
Ʋֵڻϣ紵ɪɪͻȻһ뽫뻳еĳ嶯
룬
ĪҪѹˣֽ̧ͣΪñ˽磬ʱõ˾Σˡ
һۣ˲֣ܿ˵뵽滹кܶຢϲһңЩѹ
ûϲôˣպһǽҵúֳܹɳðܹҵġο
ĻǶݣʵʱֱܸĸж
ʣʱǺŷŻԨsŵƷݵò
һжĸж
ϧûҪһһ飬ûҪδϣһε
뵽ԼĿģ񷽲Ÿģ־
үϵ񵭵˵ǻмġذɡ
Ц£ҪǵĸмֻϣϲԼ

һ磬˵ү˽ϲ׽ӽԺҲú󣬸˵һȥַ
ݵʱ򣬳¾ڴϲС˵Цţӭڵأм˵лСľ
˵ظһͷ
æ𣬿Ÿӣ
¾ƾŲūС
нĺܣδǿЦĪҪлңүҹصġⱾҲϲã˶ѣպϲȥˣҲĪٵˡ
뵽ŮʱȻأ¾ոмĿмүС
ĪѹˣϽȰϲĲҽʿ󰭣Լҩܺã㰲òٷӻġ
ȡ¾ϵᡣС˵ǡ
ЦЦתͷϲʣûиоۣȸоЩû
ϲҡҡͷָæ˵㡣ۣöˡ
˿С֣Щġ
¾һԿ񣬸оôУһҲûд˵дСİĴмͬʱֺȻðһϲѾͷ뷨
룬ϲ̫Сû棬߹Сֲܸıϲ˵ĺûᣬǱҪҪڡ
ͷʱÿ⸱ֹ飬ЦŶ˵ĪҪţʲôֱ˵ǡ
¾վٴζȥеСƣ㿴ֶһˣպڵݰҲҪͷʼҲǼѣչϲҲġūţСܷϲѾͷС㲻ūָм
˵ֿͷȥ
˵æٴνϲˣҲֻǸŮ޷ϲѾͷġ
һЩԾô߹ɣҲǸŮ
Ȼ뵽ǰ˵ĸŹѾ߶ǷֵȼģǸߵȵѾ߱ͨ󻧵С㶼С㡢߹أһȻǡ
ֻᣬպټĹȥ
ǺƤٴοǹɷүСѾͷʹţҲҪðٱ
ϲССҲ¹ɣ˵չΪϵҩףǸмϲߴʹҲǺõģܷʣ
ͷһϲЩΪѡ
ϲҲϲģԭݣ±Ҳ޷ֻǸŮ˵պ±Ķ࣬չ˺
ǿϲκϣеˡ
ֻȥԣδүоףҲĪҪѹպ󰲶ȥҲ١
¾ոæϥлЦȣл
룬о»ӦȺ˵һȽϺãϾԽֱԵöءǱ˸䣬ȥǰԺѰ
ݺʰæȥæ֪ʥּҪǰؾݼϣĪҪǰ·
ͻȻҪ룬Īеʧ䣬Լµĸоæѹȥ
󣬽ϲ¸֪
оҪ·ٴӣһڻؾǺӵĿģЩĲˡ룬ȥ
ʰ궫󣬱ȥճţͿߣһʲ֪үȥ̫ظֻ㬵˻ȥ

 15 


æŻأС˰һæϱ˵ҹ
һϲĵСﶨ˵ԼҪˣЩ᲻ˡæð߽
һݣһЦ˵һûѰ㣬±ȳȥˣδļ˵˿ͣǰҪϻȥϣ籾Ҫǰ·ؾͺãŽһ·ǻء
Լ֮ͣǰҪĪʧͻȻʧˣԼ
ȴɫһү£ūŵġ
˵ϲ£ͿЦ˵պö޷ԵĲˣ˼̫صļ磬Ϊ˼Уɺã
ֻȽߵĻʻȥҲһʱصȻǿԵģⱾҲū澷ڵ¡үЪŰɣūñ
˵˳
䲻䲻ȵ˵ȴЩƲס꣬ԼĪֲʱ˵ֻܿйȥ
Һü̫ذĶһӦȫҵú÷йĳڡӣ𵶣
˸Ƥ˸˴ϺоǳͨЩ˸Żƻ˵ĸɹм־Щ㳴˸㹽ġ˿о˶̫Щ˸ϼ
Ĳһش䣬ʪͬ⣬װʳСƳۼϵľƺ˷ۣһˡ
װúʳУ˸ŹðźݵСȥķ䡣
С˳ȥʳзŵϣһ𿪣һһڷŵСϣȻָꡣ
ϣ˵ĿһĻȻԼʱڹʱҲĸôĵչ˸ʡ
ǷٳĸΪƽʱҲ³ͨ˼ҵһΪİķԵСˡ
ʱܰ棬ںƣֻϧ
ޱ񣬸оԼµǵøоͿҪûˣһûϣͻȻЩļˡ
֪ٺԼʲôҲˣץ־ԼһֱӽȦ
ôˣͱ֣
ͻһקĲȣһµֻ˼Ҵϣʱպ
Ӧ󣬸æǴﲻĿģҪǿˣֱ̫ˣʱ߳ŭ͵ƿƵ㵹ϡ
ү!ǺһС޺޵ĵҪ֮ǰо֮Լģֻӳɲģ
Цֱӣʣ⻰Ӻ˵ĸҪˣ֮ǰúõģͻȻ͸ˣ
ƽһǫǫģԭһòȻװɵСˣؿڷ£ûǿ
үĪҪװɵƱ磬Ž뻳
ڨЦҴˣһʱûסšĪˡ
ū澵ʱ˵ҪүūţֱӰѻҲүҲǲ֪ҵʱΪӵģҸʲôͨ檵ģܹģүҲң
ĸҪ㵱ͨˣô˵ӸеĪǱʧˣɱδͨͷΪҪ˵
ǡʱס˿ڣӲװģ˵ġľеˣĪ￴˵ʲôģ
˵ͨˣЦ˵ûԸ˹ʺ󶼿˭ָͨ
ǡ㡭ߺߵ˵үþͺáȻˣүպöׯЩĪҪḡˡ
ֲ֮һ֮ҲǲʲôýġպһĶţҸβ¹ٰüӲ
ʱ㵱ӿˣĹĵСͦɰģ붺һһȻպμ˵ˣʱҲֻȨ֮ƣ¶󣬱ԻݣȢޣһίιʾպ˵ˣ
Ȼ˵ƵĿԱֱӸ㣬ⱲҲ˵ˣ˿ġ
ֱҪЦˡȲ˵֮Լ벻룬ԸԸһʣ͸Լźˣ
ŶٷмɫԼ֮ǰмֺɫ쿪ǰɣ
үǸˣŭЦ֪һԸ㣿Ҳ˵үϴͻУҲԸ⣡
үŲҲ˵ǲ˹ģպү檡ݵģҸӳʹַҪլڶ
ҾҪ޸β£һһһ˫˵ӣүҲܲţ
ֱӺ
һʱǸСֱϺúһֲˡ
ҲֻҰһ룬ǳһŭ˵ĪҪ˵˵¹ˡδȢޣ檡ˣҪΪ֪ǿƭ㣬ֻȢһ˵ģǱһĳŵ
񱾾ǸֱƢŽЩʱջܵԹһԷй󣬱Ҳû֮ǰôˡ
Ȼ˵֪ǰ檵ģҲϺپˣĵүĻҾ͵ûԲˣұˡ
ʰֱ׽סֳ֣鲻ֻܺ޺޵ĵ
㲻ңεʣǰǵһμɻǵã֪ʱұһˣ
һμ棿ʵǰ껹棿һӡҲûˡ
ΪܣôҪ£ҲǴμݣֻΪ˹˼δˣû뵽һҲǵԼˡ
еʧ䡣
ʮʱֻܰ䣬ҶһҾ¥ԷʱŷǮ͵ˡƹԭίƹǵţϣ˵ǳ԰ǮƦӣ׳Źҡ
ұ뷴ƳżˣЩʶǳм󳼵档ұ֪²ô򵥣֡
뵽īս㲻Ѳֱˡҳ֣ƹ󶨻˷ˣȻԴΪīѡ
ֻŹҲܻ֡ұͷѪЩʱһȻ㿴Χ۵Ⱥ˳
ʱ㣬ʮӣȴСͯŭĵȺ֣վڽսȺˣ˵ƿԣĩ˻Ƶֽǵڸʺ˸㡣
˵⣬ЦҡҡͷʵʱҲ£Ϊǻְ¶ȥˣʱһ̣īĻҲ͹ȥˡ
ֲ뿪ʱСŮ̫̫ɰˡ㲻סˣҲסˡӴδ㣬ʱҵġ
ĶҪˣţḧš
ԾһУҿѳļ䣬צ࣬ٴ֡
ûԼմԽʱһ¡ʱոӦ˴Сݣ˾ܣͳȥʱϲƽ¾Լû˸ǵݣһܡ
ܾ͹ܳˣû¶ҳ򱧲ƽһοյôôΧۣ뿴С
ô۸һ꣬ȻҪȥִһˡ
룬ʱôҫɲŵĵλŵ˳ȻƾССһˣһƻ˴ιȥ
ٻ䣬ЩЦ
ַŵһ£:ڼˣıˣ
үĪҪḡٿسԼ֣ź֪ķ־ôʱ䣬һ£ʱߺ
Ҫȥƴ˽ҵģֻǵʱС⣬һյ㱻ڴͻϢźޣɵʱȴҲ޿κΣδͻȻ֣ȴҴߡʱϲõ֪˵ǲעԵ֣
ͻȻҹǽʱԺеѪ߲غ
ǵʱΪλֳԼͲǵˣҹʱҲδʲôƫƫĪעԼôƶæ
˵ڤڤ֮оʹһϵʱԼɺϰȴһֱǵã֮īԼԼ˶
ֻػЩ˼
û뵽һá֮ˣʱݷ˵ز˿δ¶֮ܣиɽ¶â
ͻȻЩССĽ֮飬Ȼˡ
ԭʱǸ꣬㰡ҶأЦ˵
Ц£ţңҴδǹ㣬һӶⱲӷ㲻ȢֻĪҪ˵˵Ļˣòã
˵ֽСְĴָĦ
ͻȻͱͻı׸С¹ײƵãԼûϢ
֣ȥĸүˣ
ϼԼǻˣʱվ鲻ԽĽ뻳У˶ԲԣӦҺòã
ӣӦ־̫ͻȻҡӶˡ
֪ǺʱͼͷҪԼ޴
ʵڲ֪Ӧԣƿ˳ȥ
δܵӣЦˡ
շһֱץֻ֣д棬޻ζ

 16 


һܻԼݣ˼Գ֡
ЩԼഺڵĺһѳֲסȻôͶģƲסЩǷۡ
ڴշתࡣ
Ϊһ·Լϸչˣ򰵵ףֻԼ⼸ɫƤʱûʲô⡣ԲŶһֱţ֮뵽պᷢ£͸ӿԼĸ飬ûȴһԵɡ
뵽ǰԸҲҪԼԼǷݳõ˼Ľ
ԭԼ˳顣Գֵϲ
Ӷδζᵽ鰮бŷۺ;ϲֱЩֲ
ֻ֪ͬʱδᷢ¡
֮ǰֻҪÿһжĵ׾ͻиʱðͷպıǵε
ҪȴǾ塣ƾܣȴΪ
ͻȻӿһƣͷͣڴϷٷ
ͷЬ֪Ǻá
˼磬ֱˬĿԼԼţǼꡣ
뵽ϱԼôίȫҲûĺ³
һ糨˻ڵ£Ժ£˵κ¶п벻ת
һϱӵºⱲ룬ֲսأ
һб仯ȥأ
һ
ʵкܶһ͵鱨¸֣ܵǻȥķҲпܻԭԼ
һнпܣԼΪȷδֹǰˡ
ӱܴԸ񣬽Ǹ
ԣʱһԥҲü޸Ժ¾ͱˮڰɣ
֪ҰοƵĿǶԻǴȻ˳ȻˣҲԥ;ˡ
еİһ¾äؼ˹һ۾һɨⳤѹֺʲô͸ġ
ǿŸɺѾõҲ־ϲİ֮Ȫ֮£µǿŰӣѾ˿ϲֱѿ
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˵ΪҼеģ˾Ͳˣҽˡ
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ſڲȵһֻЬͷ˿ڲԶһֻסЦʰŵߡ
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ӣ˵ĺһЦ
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§§ͷֿ˿ȻӵѣҸطȥˡ
յ˭үˣүȥȥҪˡ
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˽ܿɰģ̲סЦúãߣ㻻˱ һΪҼأȻһỹѰ㡣
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һǵͨţȻ󳤳һ
뵽ģߵͭգ˲ֵһǹ𣿣
ɱԼĶˣ
æüƵķ٣ѡϸգоˣųš
̤ӣֿʼͷߵǰҲ˶ˣȥٳ԰ɡ
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ʵߵĲˣͰ߰οĪҪæˣҷŶԹˣһˣֻ˵˵
̧ͷһۣү˵ǣš
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Цˣ£
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ͷ뵽С͹ƵģĲСֵص̫㸽ߵ͵ͶҲĪҪص̫㣬һҹ˼ġ
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ЦŽ뻳УǻƵĴͷ鲻Խ
ʱЩңʶ㡣
㡣סС°ͣ͵͵ĵ
ײţ汻ƻסˣֻãСƵģĿһ
΢΢ЦЦڴѾõĴ
ĴĨƵģ𡣵ǵһΣ¾û˿ݹأֻС캬˺Ź

һ磬Ϊ緹֪ǲϵ˵ԭҲûôʹˣһ̵ڴ
һ˷ܣ緹ͬصˣҲķ
һ뵽˼ĽСڴӦˣ𴲺һֱǡ
µİߺٿ¶һ棬ûס棬ŵʣүҹ˸Σ
ͷһۣһ£ҲҪˣ
ڨЦţСĲҡֲŽĸү°
ϴ꣬ʳнˡָ߰߳ﻹкܶ࣬ȥָջؾ˳ԡ
Ӧºڷ
ǹϵһˣһߵߣͽ뻳УһΪϴˣҲռ˱ȥͻݡ
һۣүĪҪ˵³ԣһҪˡ
ķſϡ
緹´һᣬѯˡ
˵׼ϣڴء
ͷ𣬡·ˣԼҲעЩ
˵С
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ŹʱվſԼͷһůתͷЦذɣǾͼˡ
ҲһЦһ·Сġ
ȥıӰͻȻЩġһתȥַ
¾պ󣬱үͬ⽫ϲµĺϢ
¾նʱмύӣϲҪͷл
æסǣЦˣպȥźӱǡ
¾ǾƺãӦ
ֺ˵һӻƽЩ˵ҿ㲻ñҪˣֻٸЩȼҲҲǳ֮룬Īҽ㼸Сգٰ㿪ݣպҲ˸õƣϲߵҲܸЩ֪Σ
¾һֱĹˣвӦĵмֱϥл߶ž˻
ЦҪԼѧʱָһӣ˵үϲǮݵıǮ
¾ոмԸӣὫͳš
ֹȥԼ̳¾뷨˵Ȼֱ֧֣мʶ¶ֻרĽ̳¾ձǡ
¾ձͿϸɣѧҲ죬յĹ򣬱ѧСʲôŹ桢ը桢г桢ȻСͻȡ
оĿζǹˣ˸Ѱ˸ٽֵӣŪһУҲûؾˡ
ϲϾСͳ¾ٱ֮ʣٲ˿޿һ󣬸ŽĻ£·ؾˡ

 17 


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ղŵñδĵܵ빬ǣ鷿
ڵ
뵽ΨһĵܵܣͶĸоǼϤİѾδˣļ仹ͣʮ֮ǰ
Ǹʱ˽ʮĳ֣ʵǺģ֮η嵱ʱʺţǷض㡣
ʵҲû̫ĸ飬ûΪֵİ֮飬Ҳûĸʹ֮飬Լ˵ǸԼλˡ
գԼƾ賤ӵճӮ˻ʵۡȥӡ
֪ȥʵ뱣ںҪֻǻλȻѾˣӸʵԣع
뵽ԼѾĻλ龫⼸Ļʵۣ;ЩơоԼǶôڸѪ޷赲īս˥˵Ĺ
͢ڣᵳӪ˽һɢɳ
ȨǸȨر߽ƸأѿصصľԻΪɲ͢ɹ˰գʹ飬Ȩ𽥱ܿա
͢⣬񣬲ɾϮ
ǰٹ˼֮µؽ֮ãɱռĸݵĸ֮ء
ڱ߾ϮŲϣīƣӦսؿ飬ʹԼȴԴ޲ߡ
ʱҲܵʵ۳Բѷ衣
һУǸŭԣһ룬ϵҲʵǱ
룬ֻҪܱ͢ίȫɼʹƺҲҪȲסȨǿŴˣ˵ָȻλʱİʢ
ĬĬ㣬ԼյľӣϱǵĽҲֻʣ˶ѡ
ȥбȨлȨʵһԼסλ֪ʱͻᱻĸҳӸȡ֮
뵽ЩͰ̾һƲˡ
оЩȫ£ҲɸΪ֮Լһ֮˶ûУʩչ
Ҫٻ֮ʣҲٻءīĽֻһ֮
ҲϣҪ֧Ųȥ˵Ĺؼʱ̣δİܣܿԼĶϣ¶ȨеȨ
ϣڼܹԪشͷƵ˼үˣţټء
Ŷͻع󣬼е˵
ԪعӦˣҴ˳ȥ
վ鷿ĵ֮£̧ͷĿ϶׾ŵޡ
УϣŽµһС
ǸӵһҲ쳣Ϥǰÿ鷿ģÿߵ˴ʱϰԵľĿһۣ˾ա
һҪͷ
үԪشЦأɡ
عջߣԪ΢΢ЦЦ󲽿˽ȥ
ǰߵ֮񣬵ߵϣܹˡлٳָܹм꣬꣡
˵ߵȥ̬ǫŸм
ϵ͹һЦæ߹ֽ𡣹ϲһ꣬
л֣ǡ
Цļϸ´һ̾񳤳Ӻһ˲ģ˳ڣο
ޣֲ򥣬֮۷
͹һЦ𻰣ϲĳ˵عģֻǿûкʵĻᡣʺܽҲδҲӰϵĪҪޡ
յûˣǻϲĺܣ⼸꣬ܿˣ
ֵɷˣΪؽ֮óһౡ֮˳֮ңҹֻ֣֮ܿ˵ǻÿΪ²ͣ龫ǣҪౣҴī֮
Ц룬ޱˡһ·࣬ջΪӷϴɣһΪء
֣Цл֡
˵һỰƲƵ˿ѡ
ϯ䣬̸ЦһЩʱķ飬ֽһЩī˿鼫ãһƵӡ
˵˵ű˵Ƕʱڸ߷ļȤ£˵ȻƲȻȥʱĳ
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ܲң˴۵ӹһƬ֮ɫ̧ʱѻָ糣ĸƣģֻ֡
΢Цŵ˵ͷһ
սŨֵͨܰ콻̸ƱյϯĩʱͰ˰֣߽ˣɫ
ճ֮ұΪϽѴһ㣬ʹŮһȫձǴڣǰȺúϢϤ¹£ȹʮ忪˳ãسҰɡ
ߵڵأлֺǳΪַһ֮ǣΪīһأڷϽԡѪսĽͽʿʵԲ಻ܷģʳܲܡ
ܴ˹飬ƾߣǾĽϣΪϷǹ£ΪϹر߽ոʧأԱЧóܹ֮
ʹЦߵǰס˫۽˵ã׼Һöɣ׳־ο
֣л֡
ļЦϽףΣᣬԺսǼӷҲ˸顣
лϺڴΰл
ͼԼ˵ıϹϾּǸжӣԼ߶һ塣
֮ǰĹҲ֮ɢ

ʱ˹⣬ĪֵˣһǸǰס˰
ڵƻͨ磬ūŮϤſڣ˵ĵ
ճº͵ĺ͸˽˼䣬ùܼҳʤˡ
ǽסѡǰסǸϤԺӡԺλ࣬徲ס
Ժɽʯӳʱʯɽī̦޺ɰߣԺһʮ͵֣һïʢİŽǽдСȻ
ɽʯʯ̳һСŽֹ֡
֮һʯĸʯġ
ʱɿŽ֮Ȥʱһŷ紵Ҷɳɳ֮һһ¡
ԺſڻһȦʱ¡Ժɪ룬ͻȻЩˣаδˣ֪Ƿѿʼ·

ڶգîʱͷɴۣ̤ģϵݣ糯巵
īʵۣͷʮ켣ڸ߸ߵ֮ϣԷվ󳼡
˫ĿɨһȦվڳ΢΢¶һ˿ϲɫĿ͸켣
еˣȫĵĿûа죬ֻ̤֮
ȽĿбӣǰ΢Цֹڵ룬ʵߵ֮
ʵ͹һЦæƽŵڴ󳼣˵գ޵ܱ飬꣬Ϊīؽ֮˶Ŭ壬ǿҳǳأռҹأȴҲһ֮Ťתġ⼸ʵͿ๦ߣҽΪպ󿪸ӹлפң
ʵۻ䣬˱̲סʼ˽
û뵽λ֮ãϵżīСүһعܵϵ˺á
ڳ˽˾Ȼܴᵽһ˿ͬѰζ
ЩУϵң֮ǰԹ϶ͬ¾ңٸкЩ
ǳ͢棬͢ȨλƽʱʬλزͣķΪҵͻȻһλ˵óСүΪΪ֮
е߲߲ۣƽʱͷòãһɧԹ޴йʱһˣҪƽƣȻֵһִϷ
ڴ֮ϵĻʵͣʱתվλ˾ͽ֮ǴƤޱ飬ϲŭ
ֿڵ䣬棬΢ü˼ʲô
ǣٴο˵е
δЩ֮Ҳ˿ûͶĸɫĿ⣬ֻʵй֮񣬵л¡

 18 


ƵУʽΪϴ硣
֮ϣڳٽ׸ǰһŰ֮ϣⲻߴֹ
˿֣֮輿ѣΪˡ
Ʊյｻһɻ͵ľ
ʵڵλУ˷ࡣλ伾ޡλҲ˾ͽ֮֮ͥ
Ĺ佫ζӦ
˾ͽ֮ǵʺĳ֣ǰɳԭپ̫ϴ͵׽١˹˺ʵͳʮŷֱפïݡ
䣬ǰʿ幦֮رգֱפī붫ر߾ǳء
ڳƾУһźʵ˽ļŻʵ
ȻҲ֪Ϻ⣬ȴֻ˽°ŭ滹ҪװĿͿͣľٱƣףع
ǰҪĶ֣ЦŵлԾƻؾ
ڳ˽Կǲ£ƣϣԼСүǰ¶һԺ󷢴ˣҲܼǵסԼ
Ծٱһһؾ
иƽЦ
ƹѲ˽溨ȣʵ͸ǺȵľˣЩ⡣˷ߺϯҲ֮
ϯˣͷл˳ȥ
ճȥ˽Լվסͷһ֮Ц˹תЦԡ
ȹЦ˵Щ֮ʣ˻лŵʶСүʶ˴֪ǻϲĺܣֱҪȥϰݼ£ײү
СѾͷСǸȰģүҲ֪͵ȥð֮ү
ЦЦ˾ͽһͬɳڹģǹѣð֮˵ǻӭ˾ͽ
ֵү嶣¹ٱ㰲ˣлү
΢ЦתȥվԭأıӰʧڹٵϣ˼۾Ҳתȥ
С˰ߣͺڹſڵԵˡ
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ҲһˣЩˣҲ࣬ԵĿտȡ
ĪҲס˽߸˸Ժƽʱûʱ˿һ壬ƣҲ㲻ô¼š
պǳϦˣ꣬īĶꡣ
Ҫȥϰ⣬ϦҲ
޷ǾóӰӣЩóԺúȵģôҾһֵĳԶҹˡ
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ŽԶ㿴ڳſڵȺİߣҲ˲öʣ˳ǣʻ
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ʤԸﰲŵߵһԺϲҲһȥˡ
˽һص͸ǴȥЪϢȥԺ
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ԺĺţһһţչӰǽһСԺ
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ȷʵϲӡ
һס԰˸СԺӣԼ£ұٰŸӹ㡣
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ˣЦЦŲ֡
֪ϱжٸ¼ŵҹҹÿ˼ʱǸõĽӣ뻳С
֣оô׽޲ھͽռΪУ˭ȥ
үҰҪƵġ
ЦˣԣȲأ
⻰оֵֹģҲûȥϸ룬ڵʣүûУȥ
˵أûˣˣ
ү
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ҡүߣ
¡
ڶ֮ʣͻȻһҵĽŲ
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Ŷáҧ´˵ͷүȥɣ
Ź˹СǼתš
תһȦһԵʵĴϣɬĴЦˡ

 19 


19 
˾ͽ֮ǰãһһߵ
һһ·ıֺɵѳԽһλͨүӦеĸۡơ
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һƾУ䰵꣬˭ҲδܶռͷҪջеȨǺ޿ܡ
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ȻˣȻҪǰ磬ռȻ
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ЦЦܲףǰ֮һףǵڶˡ
˾ͽҲǿűʶһͬģӦ֪С簢ð׺ҸչδϤЩʱգҶԿΪʶһźõ£˱껪
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Ц˾ͽĻҺͼñжʱֶ֮꣬ݣһҲӦõġ
֮ЦЦһ󣬱˴ǡ
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ֻСү²֪ߵغպ֮ϴڣڵһա
Щעص㣬ǵģҪܾ˵£ǸС軵˵Сá
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ʵͲµõĿģһʱԼӦˣѡֱӡҲĽݾ
һʮδԼޣĺһīݾ۶欣ٿһˡ
Ҳѡ֮·Ӽѣ¡
ܹռĹﶥ壬ƾź͸һǻѪ䲻֪սΣѪɣη塣
պ󣬡ܼҳʤһ˵Ҳڡ
ʤ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ھŮ·ԼүҲ࿴һඣʤȥıӰЦ

ʶ۰Ͱ͵ĵ˰죬ڿظˡ
Ҳ˲ʲôɬǰʣ磬ôŻأҵþˡ
֮ޱĽݣһڴã̾һ˰֣ˡ
ô磿ʶеʣү뷨𣿡
֮ǿЦЦô˵ܲµ磬˵ѽˣ
СӲ֪ô֮һţһᣬֱ˵ˣܾˡʶĪģǺöɶǣֶΪѰõķҡ
ܣʶڵվ֮µܣô˵ģǲֶ˳ƽʢˡĿһеˣԲžܵġ
ʶ𼱣֮æ͵ĪҪ룬Ͼү᲻ҡ
ʲôƨöɣʶһޣҪ޸ȥޣֻ޸үҴСֻ޸ҾԼȥʸ
ȥڸôڶУһԼȥ׵ģ绹ҪҪˣպ󶼲ȥ̤һ
ʶߣ㲻ҾͲȥ㿴ȥȥ
ң֮ŭˡ
㿴ҸҲңʶŭ˵꽫ϵĲһƣתˡ
Ȳȫ֮ϣ̵ֱ죬æվĴŲ
屻ˣﰵһǲǾˡֲģиȥ⼸ȥ
Ӧº󣬴æȥˡ
֮ѡ
߸յ꣬ûͼּҴ˻үСأ޵ͣҶȥɣ
֮ڵվ˻ȥðҲҲ᲻ã
Ұɣ治ȥǷˣǰ˰֣һĶϽɨˣ˿ŵ㣬
Ӧ˺㬵ȥ
֮ʶľͷöȴһɰ͡
ĺʱ֣÷Ժָ˰öˣʮָˣæĻһ۵ΧһȦ
߶ʣүЩʱղڣЩСźɻ׵ϵĳķ˿ɻθڣһ͹ȥ˵ǰæţδҴš
󲻾ãһֱźӣδ뿪һգͻȻʮղߣ溦ЩֱŵСչ˲һ·ܵԲ˯õġ
ЦΪҵģһжãһ·࣬úúЪЪЩʲô˰ȥǡ
Цȣû£ˣۡ
ûм˵£˵ء
ŶǺϲ£ǽ˵ɡ
һݣѰ˸˵ǰЩӣȥǶһ£֪ƼҰűȥˣƿ¡ֵܱ常
Ƕˣֽ飬ŰǵңԸ⣬Ҳ븮ͬסΣ
꣬ʱۣм־Ҫ°ݣ˵лү
æסҺˣԺһжģ㰲ıǡұȥǾӪҪˣǷ̫ãڲձɼˡ
ϲͣ۽ǵᣬͷлŶ

 20 


20 
Ϧ˵֣ҲǹţԼ֣Ҫ˵ȫֵһ죬ʮĹ۵ƻˡ
һգ廹ƽգҼһſڶԼĲʵơ
˰Ů٣ԻỶϲص̤ſơµա
ûлعԹĶ˼յûˣָԪƻᣬ̲סҲҪȥһǱϲţһơ
ӻʳǱһֱ쵽ţһֶǰɨ,·ϸʽĵƣԡ
΢紵ƻҡҷԶԶȥǷ·ҹĻգ۾
ϿƵҲĦ࣬ƵǳȫƣӵƣԲƺƵȣʮɫŲʻӦӲϾ
ֻǿԿƣкܶµյĽĿϷۿͣ³ȻзĽ͡
ֶһŴ¾ĲϷۼ˲Ųӿ֡
￴ǱЦϣҲϲ˹ȥ
ȫעڲµˣ˿ûע⵽ԶмҲע
˭ܰСŪ˳źүһҰ÷Ĺ죬λúõɿɿǣ
˵ǻɵĶӳ̹ӣ֮ƽʱ۵űȥŮԼɢؽɣ治Ϊ߼ӴֻΪʵڹۡδǣƤڻһĸ񶻣һ˫۱ͲڱֹĺŵҲ쿴ˡ
ʹҲˡ̾ǸɫģŮƲֻۣûؽ竺Ѱų
һַǸߣģˮûȻֵĲС
Ʊɵӷǰȥڨ
ˣƽʱǰְװѧʿӵģ֪էȥɸӣʶһ㶼ܳ¡
ʵҲԶȺע⵽һ̾Ŀ̣ãɫ֮òԾľͿֱۣһƲŻ
֪ǱȥͷҲ߲ܣǺһЦ׼
ɤ½ڣŶҲһװǻȣȥ
ƽʱ߼ֵģ֪ΪΣȴм顣ֲֵǿȥСʸ߹󵫴صĸټҵĴС㣬Ӧò֣ǰȥ
࣬һ񣬱Ŀڵ׹Сղ֮ģСĵ֮
̧̧Ƥһֿۣе׹ȷʵϵȻļƤǳС￴ˣ˵ᵱȥ
ֻдڨķδҲ̫ʱЩҼԼҲЩֱ¶ͣǲϲƲͷȥԣĵһ䣺ϴˣҵġ
һδԼӵŮӣ˵ϽֱȲϿɱdǰ㳡棬Ҳ˾ģʱԼġ
Ǻܲĵ˵ЩʲôȴͻȻߵӸˡ
ϸһӣĵΪΪӣЦһԱź󣬽ղ״˵һ顣
һ£˫ĿʱƳĿ¶⣬һæֻؾһΣŲߣֱԼˣŵϲһ뿪ˡ
βСܿͱֻϲķΧԺ󣬿쵽ʱž˵ķ
δʦղ˸ͷǰʧǱȡЦһҲᡣ
ȡЦȫȻδϣ⼸СӰȴǰΣʳ֪ζҹ¡
ζںСһ绨ѩ£Ƕߵ᲻Ȥ
Щɵˣ̫ǡһĴ´ҲӣǾūѾඣĴѾߣܸСҲû
˼ҹģǰܸɫģȢ֮⡣
һȷͷЩסˣʼϸϸ

ϣӹʮ˳æĽŲأ絽ڶ̨ﴦʵ۽ĸٺʱҵŨˡ
Ǻüնδ˵ϼ仰ˣÿîʱϳʱԼδֺԼ˯£Ҫ鷿ﴦ£ԼҲȥš
ʱܿת˶³
ãݷͳůգԺнһıҲʼĽⶳδδĴŴµ辰
ҲůͣԺеʯֽһԺжĵࡣ
һֵĺõ໹ŵġԴӴԽû¸ɵĹŴ㿪ʼѧʱ䣬رϱڹʱյĹ¼ģ֪ǲżݣѧһֵĺõࡣ
ԼʱǰøɨӼ˽ȥǰãңǸɣ̧˺ö䣬˵Ҫ㡣
в죬Ī˵īˣҲʶһѰԼ
ĪǡǴִ͵Լˣ
ôһ룬пܣʱ̧žܣԼŴؾЩ´ֵģ⻻ѣ˸ķ٣Ϳ˵֬ȥǰá
ߵǰſʱŻ˽Ų´ֿȵ񳤲ĺƵĲģȺСֵ࣬˺Žݡ
һݣı˸ͨ͸
ԼĴ֣Լ޳֮ˣʱһǧɡ
ԴԺδһ̷¹ʹǮȥյС˭ھһò󣬱ĵ֪С֡
ǵֲ˼ҹĥźǰȢ֪үڸУֲľȥȥ
񿴵ĵһʱ;СվҹҪϼ֣ʱ紷ģȶҹʱҪ˷ܡ
ɵע⵽ʱ׹ԨȻû˵ף
æ񣬶ʩһƽʱӵ֪ǲ̫󣬾ЩͰͣǿŰ⼸յ˼֮ͽյ
û񿪿ڻӦͱ󲽿еһ䡰סڡסˣľһԡ
ԭܼҳʤ֪º󣬸æСȥ̨֪ͨ
ϻ˸Уɿٴ񣬾ʻɼҵӱأҲʱŭ
ãֻһۣתͷĶŷ
ϱϹսɱˣ񵶣ɱ
ʱֲŭɱڵĿעӹʱŵĺ󱳷飬ȷ£ϵ¶ųĺʪϡ
ΡΡһһ飬֪ԼûϷˡ
δüǣ˵Щӳȥ
ӷƢĸһæС˽˸˳ȥһָӳţǰפ˲ٰչۿ
ƽʱҲǸˣ˵ָָʱߵùס
Ǿ˺ֻδȢɹĻ裬ظһ
ھһʱ䴫Ƿзܶ˲֪飬ֻܽº͵СүǵķôƢ֪˶ȱ£˳ǽ޷
ɷ֪ºҲ޴棬ͬʱְⲻĶӸʹһ٣ڲڼұ˼

 21 


վԭأ߬СȭͷĿⶢŷɱҪһԼҲܽš
ͻȻһ͵鱻ץƵ飬ϰ£Щ£ָױ߬ﶼûоۡ
ŷӳȥתͷһۣϲŭĶһ䣺һԺȻ̧Ųǰá
ɨһȦԺмȾɪˣһ𡣡
ǸϽӦ£һתˡ
ҳҲ˲˿ԼĸɫĿ⣬СβһͷһֱԺ
ݺ󣬿һһԲֻĶԼ͸ˡ
⻹ͷһο˽ӲӣŵĹҴ
ǰţȿ˸ԣ֪ҲǸƢл˵ǣ˵Ķԣҿ϶ỹġ
һۣ˵ԼƢãſڣֵ㿪֮ǰɷҽһ£
֪С飬ôɵϴġ
֪ǰö˵Ļֿһһ޵ѻᣬҲֻǸᡣ
˵ˣ治ʶģֻԪڵƻϼһζѣ˭֪յֱӴŶȢˣҶ֪ġ
˵ȹīҲֻʶˣһѰңΪǴˣԲŹ⻻£뵽ǻˣ˵ľʵŻҪң㿪ʼɡ
װһͰ͵ȻڸȢ֪ĻΪ۸ء
´ִպӰ죬ʱ뽫ǵͽϳȥҹ
ۿֳһػû˵Ƣˡ
Сֱǣ㶼ҪЦˡ
˵ʲô⸱ίӣ
үɫôá
һۣȢĳĪǻҪϲزɣ
ү֪ΪξһûסٿЦˣҲǸ˼
Ŀһ벻ӣ͵ջЦߵǰҡҡ䣬ѽ˳ȥԺǳ˽ѵٲˣֺαҪôô죿С
ͷӣСһһ˵ͣ̽ȥ澿ʲô˵Ʊ硣
Σܶô죬ܲ治ŰɣֻСƵãܹصססҲʧȥ汾ԣһί
̾һֲô׵ķŹһѽ
ͻȻסŵľһոջҪ˼·ôô찡
үﰡ˫۰ĶԼеӡ
Ҫ˷ѡ

ûӾлع񣬾ͱ˰ռ˴׵еݣҪȥ
еĿܣǲɿֱоҪձŹ
С¹ʪյ۾Լֹ˳΢΢һЦ
§УƽһŸߵ͵͵ĵԶԶȼϣպҪ
˲ǺƤţԼ
ŷ롣
ү빬ֱԺʤδķſ
үȥҪħצĸоһˣм£ȥ
ô㱾õĵôߣǱծҪյЩˣϱҪ
ʱҧгСȴЦһ仨Уֻүܻү¡
ϲֽߵСģɰУ̲סֵͷһڣתݡ
ŶԺ볣ʤ˵˼仰ȥһĵֿǹˡ
˵Ĵͽӣû¸£һ

⼸īս²ϣɵغܶصİն֣賯ַ͢ؿ飬طԱֲϳ͢񣬰Թصܶط췴ļһʱ⻼ͷö
ͶԶûͷ̯֮ᷳģ԰ЩȫƸȥ
һߵļ裬ȼðְգһժЩΪĹԱæǽŲأʳ֮ѳɳ̬е鷿ҹ䴦µҪ֮ء
ÿæ࣬չ˺ʳ⣬ƽʱȥ̫ճԼ룬ǻ
һĴָţԺģոһյ³ѿԭɪԺ´£еѾҲӰɫĶװĴ¡
ĻĻ䣬תгġ
ԭͺܷæΪһµĵͱĸæˡ
Ͼˡ
פݵٰİͱ췴ˡ
ڳϣ˲Сĺ䶯
ʵϣڳĴ£һӦսоԼᣬͷҪˡ
תͷ֮رʮʵˡ
˾ͽ˿ڣֻԼʣԸһЩȥӦս
֮ԣУصϣ¹еľһפݣؾԷ˳ûҴīʹǸܵУܵⲿ־Է˴ʧˡ
һפïݣ˵˾Ż֮أرأ಻ҴӴ˵ʧ˾ػʳģ
һתͷ伾ޣʵ˵
޹ֵܣ˾ͽԣرīϱ߾֮ϮҳǳأϾɳ
һǿѹŭת֮ͥҲ𣿡
֮ͥУϱ߾಻ɳ
ҧЦõ˱һװʵԴŸԵ̡
˵߾ز٣ǲɳһһ䣬Ҳδ̫ԹʵҲ뱣ʵƽˣǲ˿Ǹ߹ٺ»
Ҫǳ͢ˣսңӵһأƵ
ŭģĽץηָ֣ڶ߬ķ˰סģҪηϵĽצƵġ
ôҲǿȥƽѣܲǸδƽٱƷ⼸
俪ڣڰ䣬ô󣬴ʱȴһһҲ
֮ϣѻȸ
;֮ʱˡ
͹ֵԸƽѣ
ڳԣһ㶣ٲЬ淢ȫֱ
ͿҪˡ
תһ룬չһһ䣬Լܵĳ͢Ҳֻ˶ѡôֻȥƽʮⲻѻʯ
ʱ˾
ֻ˱ɡ
ֻڴ󳼶ʱԲ۾
ֻȥսʮмʤ㣿Ҳŵʡ
ھڶ࣬ı¡ĿᶨͣԴ޲ߵЩģʮοɾɱʤܶṼϺ῭飡
ãͼڵվҵĶϵҲҡţײ֮žĳԵĸ
޼̴ܿ㽫ӷΪ󽫾ƽѣ
лϣּ

 22 


У֮ϣʿжӵȺżǱսСү
¼ɭɭ֡ǰ̨۾ȴ¶Դ˴ƽ֮սĵǺͿ־塣
ͻȻһ󼲾˴˿̵ĳšԶн޹ģϣÿ˵ĶУ˽Ѱȥ
һװ֮ϣһѱ䣬ݣֹڽ̨£ɨһȦˡԾǰԿһ׳˻Ծ̤Ͻ̨Ӹ߸̨£ɫ£Ŀɭϡ
ʿŽ̨ϵүֲŭסˣ޲
Ŀ֮ʿ޲վֱͦţĿǰ
ɨӹһʿĿ˽ͳԷϡ
Էǻʵ۵ĸ˴αָɸ
ʵ֮ǰڹмΣӡһӵģ
ټȴһְε졢ʮĸоǰԱ֮ԣһ㣬ͷһݡ
ԼͶһɭĿ⣬æϥ¹о񣬹ְֵԷ壬˴˴ƽĸѵ㱨ϣЯ򾫱󽫾飡
ӭƮչ֮ߴԷƵ֮ϣתͷˣ˸󽫾˴ͳ˧ȫƽ֮ҡȴӽв߾ãǰߣն
ķ紫ÿһʿĶУϣɡ
һ־Ѫսϴ񣬲Żᷢ캳֮羪ÿͷ֮ϣ
ȫͷһ˲ԼͬľӦ
ɽһ㣬
ףɣȳפھžȫٳսȴҲýöɣ˶أղǳԹûлפ߾һΪƴɱбɽûл𣿴˴αǶ͵Ĵʱʮοɾȴɱʤսñȴڱڣ
˶٣ɨһȦˣǰϵǾ֮ɫȥת¶һ˷ŵɫ
ŵʣ˴γǰװҪŶȥƽѹңȥɽȥҵ
ҵ֮ʦֻ֮ҪɱУؿȡʤ£
ʱеϲŸ̨֮λӢ꣬׷׾ꪣźʤʤʤ
ڽʿ˾ܣѣҡҡź֮ڶдʤ޹֮쳹ʡ
ٱۣ֮ʱͣ
ϳⰲӪկճݣ


ظʱƵƣȻ鷿ðȥĪ֡
ڵĪֵͬʱڰչһݵͼ
뵽һԵЩˡЩ£鷢չȴѺǰȻͬ
ǰһع֮֮սǺַıаƽ
ֻܾܽδԼƵǱĶľǰòսľפȥʮ
֮·μѣҪնȥ
ս춨ȹ̵λĻʯ̤·ĿʼֱǰΪԼҲΪڤڤһε
һٲǰôСίȫ಻ݵһȡ
ҪΪպ̣ͷųʻıԡ
ݵͼģսĲԣճ֮ͻöʱֻٺĪʵһλĴ󽫾һ֮
һӴﴵҡҷӳĵöʱʱöϣҫ·İĹͭɫĹ⡣
һҵĽŲջߣתͷſڡ
ߵĪŶ롣΢΢һЦʾǰ
Īߵ鰸ǰϵͼƬ̣΢ЦүжԲˣ
֪߱Ҳָָ̧ͼϵһǣѴݱϹ·ǣ˴ˮϵģī֮أǴսı֮ءҹѣǿ֮ߣҵĲǡ
˵űƶָ˵Ǳߵһط·ǣ˳Ҿʤ

ĪµҹŽ⸹мǽߣԸȥЩʳ
үЦ˵ȥֳɵϾͿԳءŰһЩˣæҲδҴţСˣȥ
ͷһůЦȥɡ
תͷĪ˵ֻδԹķ˰ɣýҹĶɲЩ׵ĳӿԱȵģóԵĺܡ
ȷʵδԹĪֿ˲ݹЦЦֻڻؾϳԹһţ˵Ķóˣýճ
ϲԣ´ʱ˸Щȥ
ô鷳ĪЦŰ˰֣үֲǲ֪ҶԳԵû
ЦЦһתͷͿŸʳнˡ
߽˰ںúóһƸλӸһȥ
Ī˵ǶԳԵĲٷȴԵûͣ꣬ЩЦ˳˷Īֱֱӻ˶Ժ
߳鷿̧ͷ˿ҹ£̾æʱ죬ʱ֪С˯ûС
뵽һҪˣȥסӣӿһ
һתӰǽͿﻹ⣬֪ڵԼͷһůӿ˽Ų
ŵģδžֱ˽ȥ
Ｋֻںţֳ
Ϳ²ڴϣﻹһ飬ᵹߣ˯˹ȥ
ţߵ˴ߡ⴩ᣣٻƵĹ͸ƵɴͶһСϣԵƻã·ǳ
ӣ˯㡣ǣʹ˯Ҳ΢ЦƵãݸһЦ
Ŵϵ֦Ժģ㶿˺һᣬûý
ͻȻ֪εʲôǱҪǱʶѣԼ۾ĿȴȻ롢ʵģһʱ֪ԼںηƵãɰǳ
Щ̿ߣὫŵԼϡ
һǳˡеѬζ̧ۿ
ĿĿ繺飬һʱЩԼ
عʱԼһĻͷҲıԼ
ô飬Щߣȴ۾תӦֱۣ뿪Լ
˵һҪˣڸҪҪܳȥ֪𣿡
ôЩȣǻϽµּ
սϲãߵļЩ˵
үʱܹ飿

 23 


үʱܹ飿
ؽȱ˴־սƿ£°ɡ
á˲䣬һڸԹԵү
ԣͷŻ˽ۣ᲻÷ſˡ
ˣСǼ⣬ʵ
˵ͷָæҡҡ
Цˡ
ὫŵڴϺ󣬱ʣû᲻ñ
ҧҧ´һ˫С¹ʪ۾˵ͷ
ģ˵
α˵ûϸǴͻɺã
һ㶣ͻȻЩû
ȻѺ˴꣬¡ȷʵû
ܾôͳ׸ǱЩοֵ»ȫûüĿ뷨ʵôͳ׵ġ
˳׵ʵ̫СˣԼҲŲʮ꣬ûȫ׺ʲôģоܲʺϡ˵ŴѲô࣬ܶΪ̫Сûµġ
˵㲻Щ£Ǹֵ»Ҫġ
˳Ȼһ£ױһˡ͸бһ죬Լֲܷ˵ġ
浽ȲѵʱһŮ͵ˣп֪ģ˲һܲǣ۵
һй¶˾飬ˣĴ̫ˣΣաֻҪѹѵľء
ûûݵĸ꣬ԼҪһһĸ飬Ҳݻλȵһ꣬ΣҲнˡ
ģԥЩĵʣԸ⣿
ûУæͣҾǴûô󣬻ϴͻ飬ڵ֡ûЩɣҲһʱġ
ڵǼȳڱϲУŽʶĶУֱһһˡ
ſľһεĵҺ㣬ףֻܿš
үҪЩģһߣȥЪˣ
ûƵģſϲôأ񶼿챻ѹˣү
ҡߵ͵͵ĵȻֺסĶ顣
˱飬ſʼ䶯
û˵ڣͱ˶סѹ׵ģˣڵĸˡ
˻ͻȻƵģ۵ͣ˶̧ͷĶҧ˵㲻Ҫڱĥ䡭
񷽲Źˣûоʲôôһ˵˲Щ̫ԣоиڶ|Լ
ү˲͸˵ȿͷ쵽˲Ӹﰡ
߳ͻȻҲЩڨڨæƽһºأЦЦתͷȥ
˺ðҲû˼̧ۣƽСĸΡͻȻĿתĶԼĳ˳ĿҲ˿
ԭԼ·Ķ̫ңǰ¶·һСƬӯѩ
ԭڶԼظ̫Ƥˡ
ҵں½ֺ͸ˣȥүûУ
Цˣ˵أս󣬱ϴͻ飡
˭˵Ҫˣֱſ˴ϣñסͷҲŲҪ㡣
ʵĹһЦС֣ˣˡҲЩϢͻˡ
ûӦֱ͵үһ
ЦЦã
ݣΪԼغţſڿ˺һŻعļһЦ˴ϡ

һҹ˯˯ѡ˯˯ģ´ʱ컹
뵽ճͬʱҲʱʱԼǱĴ˴硣
Ȼ˸µһױ֬ᣬü࣬Ϳ˸ʯ񽿵ĺ촽
˸޷Ф٣װһöó֧ԼϲĲ˿䲽ҡϣֵ֧ŵ˶ԴĶ׹
óԼȹһˮɫĳһ׵糺캣ĶԽ˿ʶһ°ɫϵˮȹ仹ϵɫɴƮ
žת˸ȦžнεŮ紺һ֦ģ㶯ˣԼ˶⡣
뵽ԼСĻһЦĳš
ͬӳ·Ͽ񣬿մôΣĵһЦ
ЩɬĶϥһ񣬡лֿ佱
ЦƿºһˣүױѼϣץЩǵȡ
ȡӦһҲӿ˽Ųǵſʱõ㽫ϡ
񿴵ſվ˴󽫺ױ˴Żסõꪣ񣻻ڸͷս࣬ݣĪЩ
תͷڿһ˲оԼĺΪ֮һͣԼƿˡ
ҲͷμףһװģװӾʹʱȫͬºвĿҲԵ
Ӣ䡢׿ӣС¹ײƵͣǰԼֱɫԣȻ׾ƵĶ΢΢ЦЦ
￴һЦǰֹĵһҪغ塣
ЦŻӦõģȥӻ
ƿºףӵԣĸ׳æЦӭ
Цһסһӵ֣һҪүĻ໥չ˺ñ˴ˡ
ƿºסĵͷӦš
񿴵ܰһĻҲˣЦЦתͷô˵棬ôԵĿԼеգæƿߣתͷµĪ֡
ĪҲڿأĿӣٱҲЩڶЦЦ
Ī֣ȹԴʯͷԱƺ֮ټҲ
áĪּԼ侲ĻһȴڿͣҪضƵá
֪Ҫ棬ҹһЩƽڣñƽʤ顣˵ŵݸһңЦǸֵģĪҪ
ᣬллáĪЦЦӹ
Դ֪Īֲֻ֣̱ʱĵ׶Ҳ˼ָľغУΪϵֳƽʱΪһݡ
һ·ౣءЦϥתֻ̨ϡ
Īȴ׾ȥϳ⼯ϰɣĪ˵㵽
ǡĪֹ˹֣תͷ˵ĵ
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֪ЩԼСְοЦȻս޲ʤ޲ˣͷĵһ
˵ͷ
ʵ˿ԵԺѩϲԼܳˣ֪𣿡
С죬ϲϴ׵ˣүıǡ
ԡЦˣ˹СǼ⡣תͷһˣѸСһڣˣһ
ɬű׵ĵط˵ͷ漴¶˸ÿĵЦ
һ̨ۣףȥ
ϳ⣬ĪֺԷѽϣ󣬱㿪ʼϽڰºǳʮﴦӪկ

ٰһĿˡ˴ε֪͢ˣ˸ջعСүֻòսĳ͢ɱĹһЦȫȻδϡ
ԼݣԼֻʿĽ
ƲҲ뾡ʵ˱պЩȨǿ⡣
֪͢ͳ󼲣飬ٱ飬˴αȳҲþĲ֧ţ´ıǳ־ս
ֱɱ÷ѹƣù£Ĵ
ֻҪһȱ͢ľĶң˵·ǣ궼ûпܡ
ʱɲѴ֮ȡȫʤʿʵȻֱƾ
ÿڳƿ񻶣Ůѡ˺üҲж㶯ֺˡ
Ȼȥ飬̽ӻر˵вٳ͢ڳǽһǿء
ȻŽɣԣû˵̲ǿڳǽȡʤġתһ룬޵ıǽ߳Ǽ᲻湥Դڸꣿ
ϣҡͷЦӵģ޷ǼȻ뵱ڼ죬˶Ŷڣһնɱһ񲻸Ϊˣ
µĴôһ˵Ҳ׷ҡͷ̾ܣЦЦֲͷŵĺݺݹάһӢ䣬ŵĳ͢뵽깷һС
ۺ룬ֿʼĹЦ

 24 


ĵڶ죬㽫ֳ·
һٷֳ·ΪĪֺԷֱţ£ԷݵǷԮ
һڷǣǧ˷أǧ˷ֳɸСӣһСָڰڳǽԻ
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ǳڶʱһƬܶʿԣΪǷ˴ˮŲеĴӴܣæϱ
ѸעĺˮҳһţȲԭٱѹȥһʱˮаϥ֮
ȽڶסžʧڳиʼѰܶ¶ڵʲˮļҴһʲ޷סڡ
һš޲֮ʱ֪Ⱥ˭ɤӺòݶ⣡
˼ãɳǽϵƶˮԽԽһʱҵôôĲݶ⡣
ˮڲϵĹ룬а֮ߡ
ڵİոæЯҴߴеϷеңСľƯˮϣǿ֡
سǵʿͷĲӬšкţѰŲݶ⡣
ڣѻҳһƬ
ˮ˸ߵʱȻûҵ¶Ĳݶ⣬ʿʼֻţܡ
ϳи̨ʿȹϵϣ޾ʿԣĴӴܣʱƿڴ
ΪҪˮɽ֮ʱˮ̫˼аգԴͷע˹ǰõĴݶ⽫ǽĶҲסˡ
һϲæϱ
ʱҲ˿ֲ֪еǺ⣬ôˮǸֲȴָˣѲӹ̫ˣˮ㣿
ԣҡҡͷҲڱ̶ֳȡ
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绹ǳס֮ǰƻ£ȱʳţһʹ죿ĩ룬Ҳ̫ܳˡ
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ûǼǽߣǼȻԿԽҪ취ȥݻ˲սپ
Ǿôһݾܡ
һĲţЦˣûһݣ⼸ǳǽػ᲻ơ
ȥ׼ùӭսýʿǸҹʿ¾ߣͣ

ȻգǵĳǽĪҵˡýʿȫУһ·ǣ׽
ڳڵǰãճ֮ĸˡձཱུܽȥսڸأȥǰա
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ƿתȥһ±תأֵүһҲδͨ͸үʾ
үΪ㣬֪ǽػ⼸ڵҾѴֻ֮˲ǧ˾ͽǸˡ
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ƿ¶ʱȻСʱҲûٶ飬ȴ֪һ˵ǶóϷȥ
պǧʿפطǣȻʣµǧʿ£ȥݡ

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Ѯһ죬ܼҳʤŽݱϲЦտѰˡ
ʤǸˣĹȻҲ֪ԼСүСġ
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ͷһϲæӹݱһĿʮеĿ֪ʹ⣬ٲҲܻܵġ
ͻȻ񱻳ʤȾƵģҲĳЦ
ôģʲôأʱϲ˵˽Цĵʡ
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ģϲҲ˵֣̫ˣһ֣϶Ҳܿĵġ
˵ͷÿɷЦʣôˣ£
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ҲͶʮ꣬¶кܶ࣬жһŮ졣
µʱŮҪͨŮ죬Ǳرܣ˵û֮һ
˺󣬲ǸŹ󸮵ķ˻ǲ°ռҵƽӵĶҪΪַº£ЩᱻڸЦ
ǡǡһҲ֮ǰһִˣδѧ޽ʹڻϹϵ䵭ѧҲʹպŹˣ񡭡
ʵǲѧģһ㱻ַֺ󣬾ʱʱľȥѧ
ĿȴҲҾֻܾӲͷƤҪȥģʰ£ȥ
ϲЦˣǺãȻȥ׼ˡ

 25 


֮以ͨϢʹȫɱ·ϣʶսܵĵ£δյϢ
Ҳ뵽Ǽ̵ĳǷټϾþɳĸףǻܡ
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࣬һϵĻÿиԼõıǹꪣݡ
һ˺룬ͷĴ󽫾ǸëͷСӣԼߵ֮һЦƣޱȡ
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һֱ賿ű𣬳еֺͱĵطյҲΪأȼһƬ̧Ŀȥǽ塣
ٰû⣬أһᶼ֮һ棬ҴҲ⵽̶ͬȵ𻵣ƱڲԫɼպµĽںۼ
̾Ϣٰʢ·һҹ֮һȥˡ

 26 


ڶһ磬ѰӹԷ˳ǷĪַİգóиҪˡ
ֹգ𣬷ԸΪСӣÿ˱עǼᡣ
պѰĽӪۺĻᣬ˼жſ
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뵽ĸǶŮף޲ĬĬᡣ
ĪɫҰܣһֻС

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䲻ڸУСʶȴʱѰŸܣҲȫ֪ˣ֪ȥҪȥ֮һֻ۱һֻ۵ڣܳɣСôСԸˣԼʵ׳ҲǸܺõĻᡣ
ԼĻʺǰҲ£ҲתʾʵۣҲδֻܾ˵غ顣
һܳɵͷǳˣʶ˴οļӷҲûǰˡ
Գϵ֮ǳδţͶĸɫĿ⣬ֻһֱ΢ЦĿŻʵۣ˵ķͺߵ֮лʶ
ʵ۷˺󣬻ϴεƵΪĪֵ˰칦
Դ;Ľʿǣǽҹܻⲻޡ
֮ϣظ裬ѣƱյ⽻
ֻȴЩĲɣδ񣬶˼֮ɹǡ
һǱȥһֱۣʵ˹˼ɳСʱͶЩ겻ˣֻǲ֪ԭˡ
ʺǰǶζʱ£ͷһü΢ɲ
뵽Ҳ˸ó׵ͣǸúúһˣ֮Ȼ
תһۣ룬׼վͽһᣬ綨ҲԼ㰲ġ

 27 


˴ƽѵʤԻʵ˵ΪҪֻǽһιΣѣҪǹĻȨ
⼸Ȩ𽥱ܿգҲϷؾǵĽͳҲֻʣ˶ѡ
εʤüһɨսðܵһѱ˺üԽоⲽߵļ
궼û˸˳ˣǱ˶˼ֱʱĩδĻ˺ЪϢ
ʵһߣԳ;淦ΪҲĳˣĪֺƼֵȻҲһ뿪
˹ţ㿪ʼ
δ˹Ƽ꣬һ뵽İŮӣı㼤ѣ
Ĵſڣʱƻյ磬ȫ˶ûЪϢվڸſڵȴӭԼλһսСү
ڴεʱ򣬿ֿ˼ˣԼүĸ
˸æǰӭӣʩʩ񣬸ǣǣΧż˵һ
Ц˺Ѽ䣬ɨһȦΧŵˣǸ˶ˣΨӭӣﲻЩʧ䡣
ԼѰʱȴĵĴź̽˸СԴ͵͵ۿñɰƤӣ̿һɨ⣬
һֻ֣εĴӲź˳ĪָʩһĪ΢Цų˵ͷ
˵ҹˣҶȥЪϢɣտҲ͡
һ󻶺лӭǽ
ŷŹغôţһʱ
ҽԻסĪֺƼֵһȥ
ȥԽԽ٣ֱֻʣǶˡ
ˣǣС֣Լḧһ˼
±˿ߵ֣ȴǣקųԺȥȱֳһߣԼҪС˲ܸϡ
ϴֱܵĺģʹ˳֣ûֱӶסˣүҪȥģ
תЦȻǸһԺˡ
ҹģȥԺ˿֪˵Щʲôˣ˵үһ·ҲˣЪϢǡ
üô׵СҲ±˵Բɣ
֣űյЩ۵󣬵ҲȥүϢأҪȻرԺˡ
˵̧žҪȥ

һ⧲ӱ㱻ᱧ
ͷ͸ߣִ󣬱СƵô׾١
Ҫң롭еİԵר˵
ȭĴţӽȴ˵ζҸղǶģү·˿ʲôӣ
·ĻˣĪ£³ˣɱͷϡ
֪ŷһλүôһԼǰһƵģôĥأ
ôһţҲٳˣֻŽԺ
ضԺˣԷ˰ɣСʵ
ģɰСཱུľţģèץƵġûз˸ƣԼıƵñݡ
ߵʼˡ
ԼϣԼϡ
һ±ͷСһڣûû
ԼľҲֶ˶ȣʵû
̧Ŀһ£Цŵ˵ͷ
ҲЦˡ
Ҷ˼ҹģǵҳǰһҺýԿҵŰ⼸ʮҹô¼š
һᣬҹĥʱ龰ʱߺ
˺գɫģ˼ݵ˵ʱһʱ벻ʲôһȥüŤҪȥˡ
ҶҹƵһβɣ㵹޷ɿ˱Ҳϧ
ദ˴ֲִ꣬δ׾֪ߵʲô⵹ġ
ǲҶˣֱȥ졣
һ߳һţҪү죬㻹ôܲ˵˵Щ뻰ˡ
ǺЦţ򼸸²ЩнҲղŵĻûˣſӣű۵ġ
Цգֶϸ˿֮ǰʱˡҲˡٿԼŤһ鷢ʱЩˣڸղһûء
Ťĵطʣʹ𣿡
ίƵõ˵ͷ˵Ҫô
һãȻЦŤͷȥٿ
С⣬Ҳ̲סˣ㽫§§ͷʼ
ȵĴ߹Ķͷ΢Ƥ糺ա̵ͦıǼ⣬ӣСǵĦ˼¡
СѿƵ㻬ˡ
оһôãõĶһΣѺ᲻Լű¼ŵϣįԼˡ
һֱȥһֱŻůӡ
Щ飬ſĴֿʼϣ˵һ
õҲЩˣǣһ˵ʱˣæƾһֱ̽ȥ
˾ҸϵһӣǱʵ¶˵Ǻһֱۣ˿ף֡
˳òһʱֲŨ⣬˵ֱʱĩŽͻԺ
ڶһ磬Ҫһš
˵¶ûôţʱѧŮʱ䣬ּԼǰ²Ҫҳȴô㣬˵Ҫȥ档
ˣδȥֻ˵ɽɫɽʯ״죬СϪˮѡ
纣һ֦֦ҡ֦ͷ˻㷭ɽ㻨ݣ乩˽ʡ
˵ԺɽĻͷҶɣɺ졢ʺ졢Ⱥɫϼ죬ɰӳ䣬Ѥ续
ʱĩҶϣܿҲһ۸ܱȴڷﱻĥ˵ү׵ǿˡ
һڴӦֻҪȥɽȻͬ⣬Լʰ󣬱
壬΢죬˳⣬ֹһɽȥ
ʱ̣㵽ɽ£˩׵㲽ʰϣͦżеʻޣƮ㣬ˡ
ʯ̧ۣȥһ˲֮䣬δ߼ʡ
ɽƣɼʯܣżˮ֮ʯ£ʧڴ֮С
УɣҪȫϴɾ
ҪӲŵģоֺЦۡվǰ棬ϥıʲôǿȥǡ
ҡҡͷҪүɺͳȥġ
޷˴ˣȥҲ۵Ŀ羰ˣ񲻰һˣ
Ƭ̣ҧҧҲԥı
ͻȻоѹһƬЦЦֱ˫ۺʵЩ
˫ַļϣоڣǽʵԼɽ˿ǱҲİֻרĿɽϵķ羰
İŮӣ⣬ҲΪɣһʱɽ
ɽҰɽ̣ɾǸԶɼڽ£һֻݷޡ
ɽۣ֮ǰһжôСغȻ˫һ£ɽ´һصþòɢ
ĵ׵ƶʱһɨգЩȸԾͷЦſ˫峺ˡ
峺ͷһ֪ΪΣͻȻ۵ײʱ㸡ֵǳ
֪ǷǳӺζ磬Խãĵ׵ĲԸ¶ܣԼҲ޴֪
ͻȻǰԼλֳּǱ£ٿһ
ٴηԼξΪ˼ҹռ޷ˣǡ
ҡҡͷԼʧģʧȥԼƲġ
ҪʵĺΰҪݣһĵģΪҲ
үʲôأ񣬡ôԡ
ع񣬳ЦЦߵ߽뻳УɽʪĿԶߵ棬ҳ׿ɺã

 28 


ٴἰ£ɵһ㶣ҧҧ´ʣͻȻ˵ˣ
ֻһԶҪֿĵ˵ȥϸǴͻɺãֻҪԸ⣬ҵޡ
ƺһֿЩζԼԽãԽ뽫ţպΪʲôصĻ
ҲֱӾܾҲΪ˺룬ֻܲȡػս
ǿƽĴʯͷϣ˫ֳ̧ͷεգתͷһۣЦЦ˵ҹʱҾ룬ڵݣ檶̧ˣοޣϿ϶ǲӦġ
ŪðȢУԳȫΪɣ˽ʲôСѽ֮ġ
ͦõģֺαȥѰա
ʲôС㣬ģߴߴģЦαض롣
Ҷ룿һۣ㲻ڵЩӣλĿ֪жءΪԶ׼˵С޲¡÷Ϸǣʲôöġ
뵽ʶʱȥ֪˭ǴԼ̫ѰĹϵѰ£鷳
ҰĿ̾һͿϱǷһķϣЩͱ˵˰ɡ
С׸ףԼı쳣㣬ЦʣЩǰϻˣǸʵһϷԣʲô÷ʱŶ󣬱÷С޲¡
̲סЦˣƽʱôûз㻹һ档
ĺʵһֻܸ㿴˭Ҳ׼
ôо⻰ֵֹء
ĻʵҲ룬ڵץס˸ݣǻáԼһףûͷȴͬסԼ
ðȻ£޷ݣпܻʵ䷴Ӧͻ飬ȴ͵Ĳ鷳ɾʹˡ
ԼҪȻּ¶ڻ֮ʣȻԼôͲһˡ
ֻǾίĵ˵
̧ͷһκΣĶʱˡʲôίģֻҪүһһ⣬ôǿԵģںЩνݡ
һӵСԼǺεȵˣ
ҲҸ˲䡣
⣬ٯٯ໥ӵһǴʱʤ
ٴΣʱǾ䣺һպ͸ֱܷܲŹ𣿡Ļ˵ڡ
һԽãԽıͶһ°յҪǾ仰ԽԵǧʼ̻ߣ޷ڡ
Ȼ˵ҪԼȷһţ˳Ȼʱȥ룬Խమһ֣²صľԽءôѹҲʱʱðͷûʧһ
ʲôأַͻȻֳǳɫʲô£
ţӦһӻӵͳһý̵ݸЦѪȻǳ˵㡭㲻Ҫϣ
ӹʲôû˵ԼȴˣǵжԼŵ
ι״ĶǿסЦࣿࣿ
үϵЦͿҪﲻסˣһѶϲˣԼá
Ǻλ˹ʱ˵ϲˣʹϡ
Լ䣬գĿ
ʵǳ˵㣬ʤڿɰɰԽԽɰ̵롣
ϲϲĽɫһѽ§ڻҲЦֻܺҵ
ñúлл㡭
йһΣڶԵļˡûôӦֱĨ⡣
ү㿪Цȴ㲻
˾ɽϺ޽ɵһӣֱ̫ɽʱŻ˸
һصԺͼܼҳʤѰ˽үŹ̫˵һһء
˵ͷʤȥ
߹ס֣ʵ׼빬Ҫٰɣ
ЦŽСְ࣬Ϊ£ô˼ٲˣ
ӣȥתȥˡ
ţ̧׷ȥ

ڶճʱ˹鷿
ʵ鰸ϣ΢Цſо֮
ƽִ裬սº󣬱ЦͿ๦߰˴㲻ֻƽ֮ңͬʱס˳͢㲻֮ģҲǰĴ󹦡
Ǽ˫սˣֻο㸸ҲẬЦȪġ
΢ЦޣܲҾӹΪ־˳ܵı֡
Цŵ˵ͷֵ壬ǲ̸£̸̸ֻ£ұƽֵܰЩá
ЦЦá
΢ЦѲڣǳ縸ѹʮˣ絽˸óȢ޵ˣֻһʱˡҺǰɩѣǸΪȢͻݵӣú÷ˡ
΢ɲü˵꣬ʱҲ˿Ҳ࣬ٲõΪˡǰɩ˾С㳤һģΣ
Ҳֻ̽һ˵ȥֻѾͷԵҲˣҲ֮ͲòЩˡ
л֣һֱÿģܸоס
ͰһЦЦţȻȻҲǿ㡣ǰЩ޵ҵĴŮȥռǣҲ䡣
ŮòɣǣԵƣԶҲᣬԺΪúô£չˡһҲͷˡ
Ŷˣˮʱ޼ǵǻһģΣ
ĵԭԼأո½ˣ˭֪ΪĸȻסԼ
л̧ܵʱλС㲢δ̫ע⣬ҳԾҵδɼң޴ģ˻һƬ֮ģּ£
ͼƾܻ£Щϲȴδ¶΢ЦԹŶǳɼҵιƽ£ҪȳɼңҵΪƾܣĪǵŮˣ
˵ŵɨһۣļŻǻʼҵС㣬Կ˵֪
֪϶ǲԼ֮ģǰԼȢʱӣֻȵ۰ٵϷԣ֮İʩѹ´˻顣
ʽʱԼһڻؾһ񣬲ȴΪԼɫѡ
Ȼ˵ΪŮݵˣĸŹ󸮵С㣬Ҳͬģһ
濴ĸŮӣ˱ǣȢ಻ͻǸŹ󻧱ͨ˼ҵұҲ̧ˡֵ
ִԼȢŮ֪ˡ
ּ£ܸչãֻΪ͢Ϊ־Ϲᣬ޴ģԭ򣬻ּ£
üкǲáΪٻأعж¡ΨǴӣȴиĵĻᣬȴƾܣοҲ޲ס
ԼǣǷԼǱ濴Ĺ
ǿѹͻȻӿϵһŭɫĻ£ǹ£ҹ֣ȻӵлʼҴҫ͸ȻҲҪΪ˶Щɺʹۣˣ
ΪΪ֮£Ӧ֮ޱΪˣ飬ͻ飡

 29 


Ѿ֪Ҳ棬δٶԣ˳
ݳһ·˼֪С̫С˰߹ϵ⵱ϲ¸֪
֪ǻϴͻ飬мҵŮԼү˲ѣ㽫¸֪ү֪ϲʤ˵ҴŮĵݹǡ
Ϣյ磬©Ĵÿ˵ĶС
ȻҲġ
ֻ͸˵Ķ⣬͸ȴǱɪ׳ϻ̫ɹµĹ⣬񶼸оವġ
Ȳ֪Ҳ֪£ҲδǰԸ죬ظһֱ鷿νҲδϢڸӣֱϲ̵ǷҪǰ׼õһӦʱŵ֪Ϣֶߡ
ĵһӦ뵽ıһҲδ˵ϻϸʣֻһ䣺׼ҴҴӺԺȥˡ
Цһ˲ֱȥıӰŻعζ֪ȥѰˡ
үż뿪뿪ǰصɫڵǰҲ֪¡
Щ⣬֪ϲԼҲϲǹɵСϾֻǸСѾߣǰأպ̧ɸλЩҲˣȢкιϵ˵֪δôദҲӦø˲ǡ
뵽Լʱܽ˹Щλ£Ҳ֪ЩģÿÿҲС
ЩƽͷաٹϰΪ̹ȻܣǻҲôֶΰ£
Ϊʵ۴ʱͻ飬Ϊ˴ƽйˡ
ΪԼ̶ȱ֪үǶġ
ҪͻľмҵС㣬֮ȴΪϲϾмŮĺõھʢպԸв檻͸Ҳܸ͡
ο֮뵽ܽͷᣬۿȡ飬֪ѳˣҪɼҵһο
뵽˴ﾹЩᣬǿѹ⣬ּʱ˵Ǿ仰ӺƵãЩġ
˫ֺʮվſڶдʣֱܽһҪ鱣ԼĶ˳˳Ҫա
ԾЩƵĳݡ

֪º˶ס˷ӣЩҲƳģ֪Ǹʲôζ
Щң˼ҲܿصƮڱҪ࣬Լ˵ϱҲÿķʱģΪЧ
óֽԺ֮ǰźõİϣպī
ͣﰲοԼҪšҪҡʵԼҲûԤΪ
Ȼ֮ǰҲЩ׼ʱֺα˾ʧ롢ķҡ
ҲĴΥȵһģǵȲˣɣ˰ɣɡ
ﲻŸɿοԼʵֻ֣ȴĳͣ˰С
ž
һī֭ľۼ˱ʼ⣬ҲܲסʴصԼϣһĵ֮·ѸȾ
֮ε˼һֱڰձʵ֣üͶʣֽ˵ϡ
һš
īݱʻֽ˼ʣһʯɽƸߴͦɽǰһģ֦մīȾɽʯ֦γΡ
ͦĸɽһ껹δдϻ֦ҶĺԾȻֽϣȴɪ
ž
֪Ǻᣬһξ¶ɢɽʯ֮ϣγһƬ˵ĺۼ
ֽӵһ
ȻһʼĿľͲƣ˲ƹҲ⣬óŻδݡ԰Σˡҷøȥ͵ˣٲʡѡ
ԼҲִ㣬Ǻñ˳Ȼñ֣ʱûϢˣ
ԼƲס롣ҲδסǷڵ
ϵֽ˻ӣֽɢһء
ڰ˵㾦֮ʣȾһЩΣɡ

ԺŲſһ٣˿粽롣
ԺҲźֽܶš
ͷרŲҰ׵С˲ӳʱ۲ѡ
ǰ
ͷһʼססӿˮ̧ͷ
ѰҪѰңҪǰЦӭʱȴ綨סһ㣬ǧأƲֻ֣Ŀԡ
ֵ͵͵Ľ
ջĿ⣬ϵĻϧˣֻ󼸱ˡ
Ī˵ͻ£ҡ
ү
Ļ˱ڼϣ̧ͷ۾΢΢ЦЦ˵ϲүˣϴͻ˴ϲ£һ˵мҵСԵ
үұ䣬ֻүһʱʱ֮ϣʵˣʵүҳҲ˵ģٲطϡ
һ٣һ·ɤӣʵУүĶչˣѺǸжպסԺжв㣬ӰȥַסһҲһġֻϣүպϺ
񽫽Ļ˵󣬲δоеɣǺͷۿȣĻµķۡ
æתȥ񣬽ǷлŽУҶү˸жκԹ⡣үڼ෱£ұ㲻ٶүˣүԱ㡣
˵δٿתȥ
վס
ͻȻǳһ
һݣסŲ
º뱾˵ıֻЩֻܣױ
Ϊޣ֣աȴδ뵽侲Ҫȥ
Լоһ㣿
ЩЩģȴʱįģ
ֻһ˲־ԼԼǰӣҲ˵ЩݻˣƢԼȥס
Щڣһ͹ȥסһֻС֣ŵΪһ¾ҪӣҺʱ˵ҪȢˣҡ֮ǰŵ㣬һֻȢһ˵Ļģʳԡ˵Щݻң
֣һۣ˵үҲǺ֪ͯԼ˵ʲôǱĻߣҲүΪʥ⣬Ҳ䣡ֻү֪ˡүģҲܲôˣ
˵ת
һץסϸڻӺＷ֣룡
治ϲȻǿ㣬Ǳ֪ϲҵģȻˣ˭ҲֹȢ㣬Ҳܣ
˵һºͣϲŭҲɫֻżԼǰʱŻ¶ǺƤһ档İԵרᣬִЩɫȴǼټġ
ֹͣ۾̧ͷ
Լ֣ЩŪЩۣԼĿҲЩЩԼȴʹѹǸжۡ
ӵһ˰Լ˵ҸۣɫĻҲʤκε
ĸоǹ¶ӵĶ
ˮۿ̫ǳܿ˵̣ʪǰһƬ
оǾʱǰſֺ̧ҵĲµˮ

ǰ㣬ݣԼϣԼϣڻ
һֻè˷ȫĴ̺צί޵һһĶײ˼
ӦǶԼŻºίĵʱһ̣Ϳ
ǿҵĸ޴й֪龹Ũҵ̶ֳȡ뽫ȥӵ
Īˣϸ޶۾ۣа취ģ㲻ġ
ıȥϵˮ
񽥽ƽֹסᣬ±ǣĻѰӵĺһ
ͷģǰһʱûס㸲Ķߵ͵͵˵˾ʲô
ǵʱһޱȡ
ĳϻǵ׺ɬգţһߺ顢ƾܻӭ״궯̡
µͷ̽ԵȥСŵһñĦ˼ıǼ⣬òſںסǽε㴽
İǣֱǿ޴ʹƽ
ͻȻԼĶ˲ߺ£ס
ڽСˣԼҲɿ࣬ôˡ
¶ģȢֻڻǰĺʱùź󣬱ֻ鷿ȥ취

 30 


һҹδ˯ãǼϲ־ġϲԲ˵ˣǵıֻҪһ뵽ү˵Ǿ仰ʱɫͻĪ
ڴշתࡣ
үС߳ģһʱȺĸһʱ仹Լ˽ġ
ƽʱϲɫȴϸ΢ĩڵı仯й۲ϲãεĴͻ飬Ǻܲϲӡ
˵ǻӣһعҲʵ۷ͣǸջصͷһֱͥ䣬ֱƽѴʤǰףύ˲ﲻ
ȻүϲƵľܶľͶ㡣ײĴþ棬ʥٴʧȥ񲻿ϧ
ԼĸܽУӦһúչүģȻ֮Լһӿʹݱ޶Լ๵ʸ񣬵Ϊ˲񣬾һҲҪȥȰһġ
뵽Щ⣬Ҳˣ΢ЩԵţʳװȥԺ
֪ϰߣǶ顢ȻԺоͿŽȵͷǺ
ˣͣ΢Цʵֽôˣ
ߵߣЦһ˵ʹ˯磬£үЩ
˵̧ͷк䣬㽫ʳзһߣԼĸɾӣָ̧úСʱ
һ΢ЦҲδ꣬ЦֲˣֲСˡ
ЦδʳУŰڵԺʯϣүϸ˳˲
˽ؽǰһ̧࣬ͷһۣҲ
ˣЦ˵˼л
һֹӣ֪л˵ʵҲܲ³һΪ˵Ļ¶һ߳һ߶ֿл˵ֱ˵ǣ⡣
Ц˵ү澲öԵģȻү˵澱ֱˡ
ջϴͻһ£˵δʽʥּ˵ֻˣҲ죬үñ飬澸үδģ
ǰСˣ΢Цһ£ûּҲס
˵һ꣬Žµļš
գʵѾ뵽˸취䲻ʮȫʮȴµΣֻϧ취ĻҪСˡ
Ŀһ֪Ȼϡ
΢΢üתЦүΪλ˴㣬λСҲǵĿ˶үֵ˸Ȣ޵ͣƾܵɲǣΪ˰
һۣЦЦδ
ǹҲϲֻǰݣպ檾ˣٲбϷΪҲǶˣⲻһԳȢкγͻ
ǰ಻ףò׹ˣָĹŴþ棬ĪҪʥ⣬ٿϲǡ
п磬ЦЦ˵ֻ֣ȢİŮΪޣίСٺʧ˿û˾ͺٻطˡ
һ㶣δ뵽үϲСҲδֱԼĸ顣
ʱ磬ʹ˼ĸҲֻվڸߴңң򱱷δ¶
ȴΪСֵزĸӲ죬ȴһʱֲ֪˵Щʲô
֪ΪҺãֻǴѾΪҵǣа취
ģȰο
֪ӼǸģ˵ºٱ䣬첻ȥȰһȰȰүүвĵ
תЦȻүԼĴ㣬澾Ͳˣүѳ꣬ȥүˡ
˵ͷ΢Цſȥ
Ļصߣʳбȥ˱ԺӣѰ
ˣ½ˮףЦӭ
ҲЦ˵˼߻£Сֽݣ˰ϡ
Ƭ̣£һޣ֬ɾ˿ߣ㣬ӡ
ģ飬Լ˶ϲοү
ЦеĲ۵ĳԼ㲻ԾЦʣĪϷŲ಻ɣǵЦ
ջĿ⣬Цǿӣˡ
ֹ߻ȡЦ˵ġ
Ц££鷢ɫһĵ£ȥҲֻܰңԽһѰ㣬Ϊѿ
һ˵æصһô⣿ƽʱã˰ĸֵ£ģȻ
ЦС֣˵ұˣ»ֻܰҽǣұֱ˵ˡ
˵ͷһ˫Ŀ
үҪͻ£Ҳ֪˰ɣʡ
Īͷһҧ´˵ͷ
˵ҷŸմүǳȥһòǰ£δϵүȴ˵ʥּȢףñ顣
ﳤ̾һϸԭ򣬲ŵ֪Ϊ㡣
˶٣üͷǻɫҲ֪ġ
Ǳĳĵ˵ֱŮݼʹ˲ٺҲģͨ˼һҪŵԣοǻʼҡ
үֻǻϴͻ飬ʹǽյϣҲպĲ֪ļҸŹС㡣
ȻˣϸЩˡ˵Ǹõ飬˸ҲģԴҲõġ
οĸ檵ģֻһصʱʱѰĽȢϣ˵أ
˵ĿˣǿȰɣȰԼˡ
ʵ񲻹Ϊ룬мҲ֪ЩŴⲻִˣһ޵Խܡ
ݣֻԸ¶ҲڶŮһ˵ֻᾪҲ˵
һʱ֪λش֪ν͸ֻóĬ
￴Ҳ̾һתֵӵ£ūҲǲӦ๵ġ
ֻүҲ֪СȥӣҲ˲ٵ˵δԹ˭ôСĺ軹Ŷ۵ģ˵ǲǣ
˵ͷͻȻͺۿ
㿴òװ˹ȻҲ֪ѣв֧֣а˫۾Һƽþ档
㿴ڵύսϿ϶ҲŻͻģ˵Բԣ
ǿˮֵ˵ͷ
ֻʣȻʥ⣬ҪִŭգβȲ˵Ĵþͻʱһȥˣ಻֪ʱУ㿴
үĸʸ˵ЩʲôֻǴСĸУвȰɣҷҲȰˣδҲѰ㡣
̲ס
ۣⷬԼչ̫˽ˣ˽δ¹ѴΪԼʱԱ񲻾һˣԼʱָԴ
뵽˴ʹѲ̧ܺ涵
֪ɶϽֲһ䣺ͿΪزķϣȥȰȰɺã
ˮֵۿŴŵĹȥ
æתȥһ£Ի˻ʹģתʱԴ΢Ц˵ͷ:֣֪ôˣлл㡣
˿ͷ΢ЦŸķδ˵һȥˡ

 31 


˰գ˼ңζӳ¡
һʱ̧ͷ̫ʹҧҧվСȥ
˸ԵĲˣбǣ˸ʢ׷һʳУȥԺ
鷿дʲôǺܽҪĶרעվű߿ҲδԼδֻĿ
ϸҲʮ˾ŵͣȴҪȶʮ˻Ҫؼ֣һϣֳе
ҲѹԼˣȴǰԾ¶СŮ̬һ棬ֻڷ絲ꡣ
Ŀ
ձ˪չȣ亮ţɡ˵ľӰɣĬĬ롣
ϧԼҲֻꡣ˸֣ʱԼҲ巳ˣȥʱӦҲްˡ
ͻȻſһӰ̧ͷһ˫ˮӯӯԼɵһЦӭ
С֣ϷʵԽͻˣ绹ͷ˵ֻҲųС𣿡
һϰСһ˵ţˣαط
֣Ȼϣһۣʣôһԣ
ȳЩڲͲүˣү԰ɣȲóˡ
Цŵ˵ͷһ걬ǣͽһ˾ģӦǽηųǡ
ֺ˿ǵã˷ˡ
ٳһ׷ǼģȻˮŵ̫ˣҲ㡣
⻹ͷμ˳ʧʳ
ôó𣿡
ûУͦóԵġЦЦ£
ҡҡͷָæ˵㡣
ȵ˱˿ڣŻ˵ţм£Ǵͻ¡
Ҳˣ˵үϾ룬оүӦýܻϵĴͻ飬Ͼĺþ֮ס
üǺ⣿ĪǻҪ˱ɣ
ǣ˫űƮŵƬҶ˵˽ˣ£үȢޣԸҪҵĻҲүġ
ΪίԼʣ֮ǰŻʺҲҪ˹һҹת˼ͨˣ
˶٣Ȼ뵽ʲôƵãʣ˵ʲô
޹أҡҡͷԼ˼һʱһʱԭԸͻȻͨˣоҲûʲôˣүʱּǣϡ
Լģ
š
֮ԽʥּȢϣ㻹Ը޸
š
ղ豭ָ߬ķ˰ףͨӣزסµģοĴ¡
ͻȻе㷢£ĪӿһŭȻԼ˵Ҫģȴίȫˡ
˻ɤӣԼƲסʪ⣬æʣ£ʳ΢΢ЦЦүˣұҲȥˣүæˡ
Ҫȥˣˣٺڿɾˣ
֪ΪΣͻȻһǷôȾҪԼøŮˡ
ߵſڣֶסŲĬƬ̺󣬵ˣǱҵ⡣
ȥıӰȭ
һԺ˵̵ĺӣ䡣·ˣͷɿĻԼԺ
ݽʳһţֱӺ˴ϡ
ʹһʱȪӿ磬֣ˮԼģ£ܿأܿʪһƬ
ԼûϢźദ˶೤ʱѹٹ꣬ȸֵĳԶҪˣ
ͻؿڶµܣƵĺ͵ʹ˼أȥ
ҲǸ£ԼΪ˲Ҳûǰ;бһ죬ҲиɿĵˣҲͲôԼˣԼҲͲôˡ
ۣĿţҵţõĿοԼ

δʱп̽˹ֵݸʵһۡ
ͿˣɫࣺﻰȥǣҲף
ٴߵͷֳȫܽмģ
ʵŭ۾˰֣ȥɣճ顣
ˡ
һصȥѰɫżɽ˵찢ѰȰȢϣûӦǾˡ
֣֪ЩΪ˱ãΪҴ㣬ҲǸмȢ£Ψһκ˲ֵ£ʹȰңҲֻԼ⣬¡
£ᴦõģֲõġ
ˣ֪¶תˣкȴֻܻص֪ˣպٲ±ǡ
ЦЦ֣תȥ
뿪Ժ㾶ֱȥ˱Ժžǿŵģֱӽݡ
ϵʳУûݣתͷҡţ˫ۣ˯ˣŵ˽ȥ
һͣض۽ޣ֪װ˯ٿ˿ǿ׵ƤϵһƬʪˡ
װȣ˵˴ߣñȢŮӣԼȴӡ
֪Ҳװˣ۾գ£ոֹסᣬֲܿصĵˡԼûϢǿ̣ûסҲˡ
ĻŽӵʥּ㲻
ʥּ˱ãűǡɤ˵ϲүˡҲҲûǸʸպĸ£
ñӵ֣
ٿ̧ͷһ˫޺۶ûĵкү֣Ҳ𣿡
˫۾׵ӴȺһй֮޲ʱˡ
һ߽ſڴͷĵϣһ۵˵޳ǶģǸ̳ӣװʲôȵģҲԼ
ĵԼ֣ŤŤӣ˲ϵᣬ˵˭Ǵ̳ӣҲŲǣ
ͻȻоûץסص㣬ֿʣʲôǶҵģ
Ȼǳˡ
ף
ͻȻ۾أЦˡһССװԼܣ
ĵԼ湻˽ģ˵ΪȢޣһǶԼģѹŵɽԼƿˡ
ҲˣҲ˳ˣԼһѡ
үΪҪƭңΪҧҧ´Ŀ
˭׾ѱ˵ģ񲻸óͷһ£
ǲǽүˣΪүġ
Ϊ˱ǰ;û˵ʹϵ
ҧҧ´ÿɷ
Ǿ͸÷ˣѵҪİŮλôС˱иߣԸߡŴߣԴ㲻űԿԼͿúþ棿
ҵȻү!Բһ˫۾ᶨ˵֪үк֮־ֻǲΪ·ϵİʯ
ǰʯҲ·Щһ·ţֻ֮¡ˣû
ˡ˵ͷжһͿɵᡣ
ֻϲˣ±Цǿ̣ûסһ˽Ļ˫ֻסı˵
үΪζãǡԺΪʲôѵԭүү˺ܴܴүԭ𣿻᲻ͲҪˣ
ᣬıΪǱŻˣοԶ᲻ҪģҴֻҪӦպʲô£ҪңҪӿͺá
˵ͷүã뿪
Цˣɿȥԡš˸ʪӻ˲޻СˣǱˣģ㿴޵۶ˡ
Ҳһĵ˵ͷûүȷʵɶӦôͷүźã
Цͷ类ķͷľ͹ˣģǵģ׷ǲģ˵θ
ȣôܣ
æЬܳңصʳУץһǷŽﳢ˳𡭡˳
үԣ
ЦЦʣ㲻˵úԼȳ᲻֪ģǲŶûԣ˸ЩԵ
ȣòãڲү£Ҹӣʳһ˵һ˽ȥ¡
ȻʹС֣ϣ
Ļܵס
Ƴһۣڵĺˣ͸Ϻӡ
æȥס߳үǲ֪ߡ
ΪԼĲܿôһ˲ڨڨֱܿϲռݣʲôϵģԼޡ
ǲû̧۽һ§ס
񾪿ֵһ˫۾ʣүʲô
ٿЦˡ
㿪ʼ
Īˣֻ뱧Ϣᣬҹû˯ãΪҪʲôЦʡ
ŭˡ
Цˣͷţ㣬ʲôԡô㣿
éɹɵһ꣬㻹ó棬үϲҸҲЩ
ˣֻϲζ˵űӣѹ¡
үҪˣЩ

 32 


գ֮ϣ󳼽к˰࣬ȴٳδ
ιѣ糯»㣬ٵ˵Ǻټġʶ˼ٳٲȵĲⶼЩļ׷ײ²ǲǷ
˵ʼ۲²ҪҪȥʱڹܹԪųϼݵ
ͻߵȥɨһ۳ྲˣϡ
ȥر߾ǳأҲҪּ⣬ջĵطĵıл᲻Լơ
ֿйһأо֮ٹ١
ЩжĹΨǴӵҲֻм˶ѣʣµĲǽͷݾȨ
ĸǼˣƽʱΨΨŵŵϹҴܶȥΪǽѵȴҲһ
ΨոչõĻʵܣԼΨһһءĿǰҲصˡ
ͲֱӰּͻ飬ʡıԼ£ҲܳϦĵĳּ⣬ʹԼǰʧ˻ĽѶԸ֮˵оųȥǣԼĻȨ֪ʱջء
ǰǿüַˣЩ¡
Ľƣյһֱ£ֱϳǰҲδȫİ취
۾һգգĶŵйŵˣ˼⣬ֱڹԪСѣŻعһƽ
źĶվݡ
ɳУ£ݱ߾걻ϮţּˮֲϣǿաԴˣԭݵٰȼðգڵĽ̰ʹݰ׵̬ơ
µĵطٿ˼䣬볯ֻ͢飬һʱҲ޲ߣֻڻϣ
üʵհմݻؾĽͳԷ壬һ빬㽫ھۼֻҵˡ
һƽһͳֱ̾͢ʵǴڶƽ֮սˡ
֪ߣ
Ϊ͢ӦϢսӦû֮߰ΪϿɵ֮ȥݣҡ˵
⣬ֻ飬ֻﰲס˼̸ףԸԸһԵģ
ڳ۵Сۣȴһ˳Լ
Ҳ˵ȥֻտڰİǶôĲʵʣʹһʱסˣЩ˺ܰҲһһϦ֮£˭ַźúõľٲٻԼȥǷҵı߾֮ء
ڸ߸ߵϣɨһȦĬڳЦȻϣһ˿ã߿
ҲĿᶨ
΢΢ۣĵȻʵҹĲ롣
ҹԷǵ֪ºһָооһ֪ˣƽ֮δؾ֮ǰϵۼ
ȴô˳ּ⡣
дȥֻΪ˰գΪ͢ǽѣһ˵Ļоݣ޴ӷ
һ
ɺ޵侹һԸȥģǿȥǳԸʵ䷴ԸΥǴò䣬̫붼롣
֮ƼʹԼٲԸҲò׼룬⣬͸ơ
գȥݱ߾սİգչӦ׼룬ֳ˴£ȻԸԸǰȥǱ׼֮룬ӷΪݽڶʹձ̡
ʹ˻һ޲Ī
Ϊ˴ƽѴʤ飬Ϊʵ۵ұۣίΣȴȥݡ
ڳ޲ҡͷû¡ʢëСӣúõľүҪֻ֮ܡ
ɺ֮࣬׷ײ²⣬ǲǳʲô£ʹλսӢ꣬˻ʵ۶ģ
֮ոմӻʺǵ֪һξܾĻ£ƽЩеŭֻƳһۡ
֮ͥͼ޽¶ɫ
³ʱٲǰǰǰύ̸仹Ψֱ֮ȴҲֻǵͷ
ů֪˶١۵Ŀ䣬溬΢Цݵǰ߹һѩѡ
ظȽ¸֪а̾ĵ˶˵棬ǰʼʰŵװ
ıԺ֪
¶ѹ֮ɫЩۡѹ޹أ֪ҵԸðհҵȥ£Һܿġδокβ׻ίʵھǻݲһģ
˵Ҳ֪¶ΪԼܻۡмΡѹһʱζӳ£ȴֲ֪˵
Լֵĵ񣬱װµĵͷȴһſŵ䡣
תͷȥҲš
СȦѹģҲЩɬɬģͣİο
ǶҲһһģۻˡͷȥĴµôȥ
ֱǵֹͣ˿ĻɿڸеһؿɺãǱս¸սңȫڸеҰźǱߣ꣬һ꣬ұǰȥ
ѾȥǱߣҲδֱҡͷԼڸȥ㣬ҲҪҶҪȥ˵㱧ס
˴μʹ޴ͻ£ǱҪңҲԼȥģ㲻иȥǻæҲûпңֲܺúչ㣬ҷġ
ҲҪŻƵС
Ȼᣬȴ˼֡
֪ԼֻҪ΢ȣͻὫԼȥҲõĻǱҲӦˣҴĽгɰȫ֤һ㡣
ҧ´ﺬ۵׵ĿֱǺ֮
Ȼ˼ᶨĲԼȥζһεȡҲʧˣģֻܵ˵ͷ˵ðɡ
ǣԣϴεҳһ㲻ͺˣܿġ
庢Ƶĺ
ѹˣ˾⣬ܵ𷣣ΪΪƽҴʤ飬ʵ۵Ĵֻǳѵ⼸ҲͰˣûȴˡ
εĽ䲻ԼѹĿޱӣỹǽʪǰһƬ½
ѽúչ㣬ڸйԹԵģң֪ûϷʵߵ͵˵
ʱڴȤԼޣЦ§ţҲҹ
㻹һҲ䣬ǹҵԶҿɾҪˡ
Լֻʵܲס䶯˼£ֱԹΪȥһס
ĲǱǣÿˣҪó˵һ˵һĸоƵġ
˭Ҫףó˵졣˵ţҪ
ñסأ˵ỰҾҪȥæˣȻȣұԽȥԽãվͶˡ
ǲᣬֱ˽ӣһֱֱŷȥ
ֶеԷ壬ͼƽʱĻͬţһӭ
ڵڶճʱ̣Ī֡ŽƼֵܺһЩĿУٴοȥݡ

 33 


װ·±ݳǡ
ȥݹݵ˽һ»
ݺܶ߾СսϮ̻ޣطҲ˸֣ʹϵҲˮ֣Ĺ𻵡ɧŶ˴ļеա
˻ʹ꼢Ұȱ磬Ĵ֣ͱ
͢ǿֻб޷ܶ񱻱ֳΪˣĴӣʹղð
ЩֻҪÿϽһıѣֻ۱ֻۡµİΣһŲҹϸ˸߶һƬ
ֻݳڻ㰲ЩԴ췴Ҳ֮ıˡ
ڵİպ̻ҲʼÿĵܶҲӵӣܵܣֻ
֮ڳҪ֮ضŻٻ٣ʹݴԫϱڡưܲԵ
ǰݲδε֮£Ҳδд˴֮Уȴ֪ݰ֮ǰһֱ˵ˮ֮Уʹ޳͢ܣҲںԼĴ⾹δ飬ô˴һĻᡣ
һֱµҹյưܵԭٰ˸ȥԺɨԼס˽ȥ
ݺȹʾգðսҶΣϼ⸳˰ۣʹնİӡʾһϾͰסģֹȺһľۼ
öµʱշתأةˣ˽⵱ذյľǻȥ񣬽ɲУиڷ絲ķᣬڵȸҷء
δܷ֣˷ۼ֮±㽥ƽϢȥ
ĪֽӹݵıǼĽǰξ±͸ѵǡƿ˳ʷݵǼᣬط
䣬ŸСÿճʱ㿪ʼæµֱʱŻȥϢ˴սݵķƳЩͷε˽ȥ

ÿĺǽƲرǼʱѵֶĸо
˼ȴֲ֪ǱߵôˣԴǷ˺úϡ
ͷ˼֮ÿջûʧ޲ɵȥ
ճ緹ԺߣӰǽܼЦ˵Ժڣһţүġ
һҲ˲ǰҪװˣæӭǰЦŽŽ˹ĵлܼ
ʤЦŴлһЦ˳ȥ
ȲĲ𿪷ŵĻᡣ
չǧԣ˵Ŷҹ˼֮顣ֻŵĩβдԼȥÿն쳣æµҺûдͬȥҲ޷չ˺ڸйԹԵֻҪһпգš
ֽŴͷβϸһ飬Ҳһ⣬ΪԼģǻǰܸ˸ԡ
ҲƲסԼԼǷ˺úϵĵǣдˣȥѰ
⣬Ϳʼ׼
֪ԼСǱװԼԱС
䵨Ӵ󣬵ȴ³ç֪һ·£·;ңԶһ˿ΣգһֻǸ鷳
óԼǰ强Ǯȥھֹ˸ڣ·ֵƣճеʱȻС
ڶ˷ţԼʰһСŷעʱǣѩ
һ·ӱޣ˱ҪϢһֱδͣڰºϵݳڡ
ڽˣԼǣѩ·ˣȻѰ
ſڣʹ֪ڶǳȥˣ֪ʱŹ顣
񷽲ּֽͻȻЩʧ䣬δ˵ǣѩߵһͩ£˨ãԼµء
һȱʱۿҪҹˣ·ϵҲԽԽ٣δ
ԺҹķЩ䣬££۴ǵѩͻȻĿʼˣȥԷ´ʱ䣬ɪӿһֱſڡ
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ļؾֿʼ˷ܻЩ£ԼΪ˽Ѱ˹
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ֱͣ£ŸҴ̽һͷ˹ȥ
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һһ£ȴӰͷȻһΣգżҪѰʱͻȻһƬƮ֪
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˿٣ͷʱһϯǰ¹⽫޳ճһӰýڸС
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£̧־ƨһ¡

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СҲδ̫ˣ˭Լģ㲻֪һ·жգݾ˲ⱣǳǺã
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ĵΪԲǱԼ軵ˣȻҲǾϲպٻǱ˻úӣѵһ¡
ƲС죬Ȧ˫ճСȭһߴһµ˼ҾˣԲŴԶ㣬㲻ϲˣҰ£ΪҪңߣҲˣ
˵ƾҪתȥ
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˵žת
ƨɨһۣΪЦ˭Ҫ㣬
ЦתϸĽͷſһ飺һ·ιģʲôΣգ
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̧ͷǸεĿﵱʱ֪͵ܳģڿ϶֪ˣΪʱһŸ˵ˡ
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ĵͷС˵ʵڲֻȥңʱ̫ˣҾˣ˵Ҳи֪бڻ͵ˡ
֪СﵨӴǸġǳֻ֪һζ˳ӵĴҹ㣬ԼʵҲһ㣬Ǻڿʼһˡ
֪۰źãҺܿģȻ˾Ͱס°ɣձһˣƽϢҲϲԺչ㣬ˣ̵Ҳˡ
յ˵ͷֹĽһ
һĶͷֻ˵ˣ˶೤ʱ䣬˰ɣ
һ£㻹˵ʱˣȴٳٲء
ıҹңŪЩˮݸˮůһ£˿ȥЩʳҹСһҲԽķۣɺã
˵ͷ
һᣬǱ㽫ԡľͰעˮ˳ȥ
үϴ𣿡
Ͱˮʡ
ҹȴպһ£ҶʲôǻһݹȪأ㻹£Ϸʵ
˭˵ˣֻʰˡ
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һᣬ˱㽫õľƲ˶ݿ齵СϣһİںãϾƺ󣬱˳ȥš
ͻȻٻأӲɨǲס˵ģҹҷպһ£˴ɨһ䶫᷿ɺã
վԡſʵ

 35 


Ѵ˯۾һһ£Լ˯һŴϡ
ҡҡЩԴҹԼǳ˾ƣ˯ˡ
֪ʱϵģԼǵˡ
ѻСŷԼϵ˯ɢˣ¶ǰһƬ񼡣һԼ˯½
ÿ̽Դһ£ֻ˼ү˴Ӧ֪Ӧǲڷڡ
Ь˴ѰԼҹϵİȡһ׵ɫȹ·ȥˮϴ㿴һŶ롣
Цղ˶ŸڣСϢ
̧ͷ͸⣬ѿʱѾˣ˲СЩȣڨڨˡ
æЦأɵС־С
ͷ΢ЦҲʲôС㣬ֽҰͺá
Ҷүһ㽻Ҫú÷̵ΣЦǣү˵æµù飬зùԼԣء
ЦЦá
ϴֳ꣬˷ųݣȥ濴˿
ҹ븮ʱҲδϸֻٰģС˲ٵ·ŵԺ
ϸеıڣյĸ󷱻ֻ񵽴յĽưܡԫϱ棬˰̾ϧ
Ҳ˵սܺ󽫳ڵ֡⡢ٰҪĵصȫ֮һˣֱǸܼӡ
תԺע⵽᷿Ҳյ˶Ͷ᷿ٻᣬֻⴰȱ̻ѬЩ˺ڣ廹
᷿͸ʰţ֪ӦڸʰסûʰȺĽȥ˿
ӷ䣬Ρһȫѱʰĸɾ
滨ľƴ󴲣ǰиľͻס˴ǰߣϹжɴᣣһ͸޾ߡ
Ķһźľױ̨̨Ϸһ澫µ˫𽻨񾵺һרŸ÷ζεĶ㱦ơ
ǽһźϻ󱻸һС䣬Ϊԡ
Ķ䱻̻ٻЩͨľϸãҲѿ֮ǰĸ£ǰסڴ˵ӦλС¸
˵սܺŮΪ˲ΪˣͶ˻𺣡뵽Щ̾޳̾ϧ
͸ǿ޲ڵЦŹкЦǺ˼䣬ӴִֿһȦ´ʰ˳
ÿС˽Ժֻ˸ʹӺһʼɨԺ䡣
ǰһЦү飬ֻ΢ʰպס˾ǲͬһҽԺⶼɨԺվˣϸɨĳŪЬࡣ
ЦЦ޷æǡ
ЦġȡһæԼȥˡ
и̣֪ǸչԼģ㽫ÿշʳ϶ҲʱˣʹҲסڣЩۡ
˶᷿ߵһԭһСֻǱѬЩˣ̨˼ܻá
ֻҸ˽ɨʰɾٽϵĸʽϲƷЩ׼Сθڡ
ЦӦˣæȥˡ
⣬ʰ˽һ죬ֱʱ㶼䡣
ʳĵҲرȫֻܽųСˣһˣˮһֱţ
ֱʱĩŹ飬ڷԺвļ̤ص֮æȥſӭ
һƿͿЦӭһȡ
סϸڶһڣЦż˰ɣû·࣬һţҲ޷㡣
һۣҵ𣬻㣿үֻæıǣֻһٶæҪʱԵģǲ㶼ˣҲδʱԹ
Цʣôˣȳˣ
ҡҡͷүһá
ֽĸЩԼοңԼԺȳԱǡ
ĿԼĸ첲δ˷
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ϣΪԼڷ꣬ҸоƵģԼסһζۣûǺãգ
ЦЦϷʵûүܹĺܺã˵罿檡檳Ⱥˣο౻ˣɵ
̧СЦ檳Ⱥ̳ӣһˣ
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ЦЦ㲻ٶˣһͬԷ
СԼһڲˣţ̧Ŀ
ϣһſڣһֲļŲˣԷӶĶţ续߳˰㣬ɢĹʡò˵ģ벻ϲѡ
ҲԹһƬһ˻𽵹ĶֺٰãΪĻǰΪԼ䡣
ͻȻӿһ֮У鱻ԼãҸе㽾ٵĸо
̧ͷֶ࿴ۣС¹ײƵĿ˼£±æƿߡ
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ЦЦ˵ͷá
ƿӣʵҹϢɺãɸокβͬģ
δвתҡҡͷҹ˾ƣ˯̫ˣһ˯ֻʱͷЩ˷ûˡ
үƲ
ûУδв׾ͺáЦ
δȻһЦݡ

֮ÿһߣʱĩʱŹ飬񶨻ΪðԵķˣ۶һá
˼գȰʱҲԼĲˣƢθÿʱп̻ĩ̱ȻһԹȥ顣
սݴС£µĸةԼߴȥм֮Ҳһ䡣
֪һ¼δǣֻձŻΪʳӣʱĪֺƿµķʳ۷ζЩǸΣܼУȥ䡣
Ǻϲúôһδ˴γߵļÿ·һûס
ֻܽ͵˸ķФ٣˸ֵ˿֬˸׹ӣĳݡ
ĽӣﲻЦ
˸ճ˴ţͿŽ󲽶ֵүƳʷȥһˣĻ
΢΢ü֪Ӧʲô飬ȻѰԼתǸЦЦ
ү˵ȥæɡЦӯӯĿߴٵ
ķתȥˡ
ȥʱоЩȤԼҲûʲôˣתš
ͻȻסԼ㻹δӻˣ˸СѾͷǰŰأ㿴ǲȹȥ
һ֪ϲˣɵЦˣ˵ͷߣȥǰ

 36 


һǰñ㿴ϲ˵ʲôЦü䣬ҲʮˣԽͤͤ
˿ֹס˵ЦϲæǰЦŽһ·ϲһһЦ
תָָڵϵ˵ģ˵֪ߵļҲδʲô˴˴಻㣬Խ㳣õĶЩ
˵֪ү⣬ֹﲻùﲻҪǣչүͺá
ָмЦŵͷӦˣ΢΢ʩһ˵лֺ͹ӷģ
æ㿪һЦɱҰ⽻Ҷлչүӡ
ּˣⱾҲӦݵġ
ϲʲôæһ䣺ֻ˵ùתүۺһҪչ˺ԼΪȡ
Цŵ˵ͷ϶Ὣ仰үġ
Ц˵˻ӻ̧ϲȥԼסԺ
Ҳ˴ǣȥѰȥˡ

˴ݵתΪۼ¼īΪصһΡ
ﱳ磬֮٣Ҳ˴˸֡ػߡֽ֮¡ʱڣΪֹ²鲻ƵƵ¹ңȴ֣Ϊе֮ء
Ī𱨳ƣЧûԤеǰáҲһЩѶǰ죬ǸȴֹǰҸƽϢȥۼ£ƺЩҸȼ֮ơ
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پǺܶŻΪ˲ԼĳԱʵڰϵıһЩٸԣƹٸΪ˷ֹǱ͵ǻȥϺһץ߽ຮ֮ء
ʹ֮ЩԹٸǿ־ǰˡ
ףʧΰвȥĸԴڡ
֮Ҫ뷽跨ȡǹؼڡ
Щʱҹ£ʱ鵽ҹֱ޵
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ʾһвΧŹۿŸʾָָ㣬ĴȥһԵģȴڹС
˲Źٸִδйĺ£µĻʲôݾǲ֪ġ
⼸ҲδһУ˿неǵ˵ջЩܣʮնǲܵġ
мµةǰ취ڻдĸȥЩʣ֧
Īֻ֮ȫǮٽеȫ

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޼ֻ˼Умؤʾ˵ÿ˷ַһǼ󣬲δҪ
ڶշ
ɲ࣬ͷһǲˡҵһ֪˲治٣ִż˻ھˡپ˸ؤ˵쵽
շ
ǰյĿڶഫرؤǴϢģȷʵİǲϵӿ˳ϡ
Ϣһ˱棬һʮʮ٣ⶬյĳѩ䵽ÿһ˵ǰ
ագڳɱܿ˵ף޻裬ӸԴԴϵʳ
˵ߡʱѴﵽ˼ǧˣֻһŷ޷ôˣÿ˱ţһһ˫¡
ʮʱȷϢɿǰѴﵽˡʮգϽȫ˵ףٶһգҲ֧Ųȥˡ
ĵڶգڳ˸ʾƣ
һε߸ڣ޼ҿɹɾͽڹٸǼǣɹٸأϿȥٸ֣أճɺ黹ٸ֡
ݵİգмߣٹңȥٸ˿ڣȴȡٸ·أڶ꿪󿪿ѻĵأһ겻˰
ûũߵĿٸޣûиţҲٸޣţũߣϽһճɡ
ȫС
ڶ꣬ԭеĹ˰գΪ˰գֻȡ˰ũߺ͸ţȡɡ
󣬻˰ΪΪɣ֮ޱ
ǰ֮ٴ룬Զ»˰ǵΡ
˸ʾһǿ˻·޲ϲأߵڵء
øةԼ²ߴʵʩȥֽĪֳ黹ĸ尮֮ģȡʣ黹
˴ۼ¼õ˳׽ȴδðС
ÿշתڸأԶٸ찲񣬷֮¡
ֳµũңǶ࿪Ѹ֣Ϊ֮ҡ

ת۱أڶձǴڣ֪δúϢһգÿ˶˼֣ŹôҾһֿһ¡
뷨֪δĻǸΣ飬ȻӦʡ
ϲʼæµ
еĵϺͲƷȫȫϲȥɰЩ
һ·λƵУ˵ԭǸУƷʳĵӦоУÿȡ̷ﲻ֪Ϊ껹ԭ򣬽ȴ壬̻ʮҾſգһƬ
ЩƷЩͲˣһƥ˵ϲ£ϴ˴ƷȫϺͲδ򵽣һ²֪ϻһУֵŷҲмҵϵͲƥꡣ
ȥϡ
·ŵʱ񿴵öźܳĶӣ½½ſ˼ӣмæµŸЩǵ˽е졣
ĩһĪֺƿ£ڸվߵ˰ʲô顣
֪İ²˲ЧʹڼҲĽǰ졣
ĵЦЦ򿿱ͣԼƿ⿴ȥ
Ŷӽǵÿ˵ϣ޲˼µɣĺۼ
һӻһưȫļҵ
첱۶ųΣϣǰߵٿЩøϿֵԼ
ϸÿ˵ȴģϴĻҰܵγĶԱȡ
ϵߵһǰͷ쵽ƾ֤ʱ¶ѵõ˷Цݣ۵Ķպ󰲶ɫ
һ̧ϰʼյʹͷڡ
Щ廹ǿ׳ˣߵһ£ĪָٴεǼᣬ˶δϲ
֪ЩǵĽξ±ǧп
ջĿ⣬ӣ룬ϲԼʹȫȥ
ĪֵһŸһæӭ
ĪЦҷ·˴쳣æµ۵ˮҲ˲öȣЩӣʡ
Īֽӹ˴ӣЦͱˡ

 37 


Ŷӵ˴ʱҲļòС㣬һʱֱۡ
ȷӦģʲ֪ӦλС㣬Σæƿߵͷ
ӹϲǴӣߵǰϵĳߺСĺÿ˷һܿһӾͷ˸ɾ
һλһŮ˽Ըɫƣģ֪ǶģЩᡣ
æϲȥȡЩֳɵĳʳǣóԼɾӽŮС˲ֳ԰˼䡣Ů˫ƶǶĴ۾˵ͷչЦ
˼˺ƿף˿ҲǣŶԷſЩ޲л
Цǳ԰οš
мͯŵץȹҪӳԣĴǲͣקš
ĪվڲԶ΢ЦһĻôɰﲻɵЩȡ뵽ԶҲע⵽ԼЩƵۡ
Ī̧һֱؿڵöң֮ǰʱԼģҲΨһһ͵Ķ
ȻתͷԼæķֿ֡ΧתԼҪӡ
ԼŵʧЦ£æӸ˹ȥ
ֺܿ콫ӷַϣ˵˼ĵĻŸȥ
ҲǷһӵġĪڨЦ˵
Ҫкη
˵ͷֵմˣ˰˽ӣֳϼСˣŪӱϾˮһһҲһ¡
үǴŵģôʱѻˣҲʡ¡ʱүۣͷҲƼҴ˵һҾͲȥ˵ˡ
ĪֵͷЦӯӯԼӣľЩ㱣æƿߣ̧ͷ͸ߵƿ£صã÷ģһѻ
ЦЦҲ̧ͷ˳˹ȥƿ£ϥһ񣬺ְ˰֣ٻعͷĪָ˾ǣתȥˡ
Īֿϲת衣
ȥϽУкö̶ͣҵšò˼ҵ꣬ŽȱٵĶðȫҶߣҲֻܽˡ
Ϊϲ˼ƥ˼ѣؽЩʹӣŻ˸
ڶһ磬˿ʼĴɨ֪ǲѬԭ򣬵ģôɨҲøɾۿͷɽ⻹δʼֻսſˡ
ȥϽԼ֣ϴвˣԵ˽ڣȥϳԵĽӡ
Լһ׼򵥵ȹϵΧȹ㿪ʼٵ׼ˡ
˶ֶ࣬ЩܳԵģȻҲҪЩһֲ˳̫δ˴ˣζͻֻܶ࣬ǲжһЩƷ
˰˲һ֪ƽʱǳЩѽѽĲˣζⵥһĶǳģأɫζȫ
ִַЩ˹ףԼƵĽϣϼֱƬţ˼ӣϼ͵ˣνش䡢ӪȫһҲͳˡ
̧ŴֽͲƷȶڷźãֻһұΧŻů͵Ŀĳһˡ
ʱĩ⼸˲½ĽԺӣĪֺƿԹĲˣڼܳԵ˵˵νǾþ
ֻ˵˵˵ãȴδԹһԺӱŵ˲ζЩ˷Ŀӣǰ͵ɲס˽Ųǰ
Īֺƿ´ʱҲݣƿ¼³çʧ񣬱üѵ䡣
֣ЦΪѼļ磬񣬶Щãɡ
ƿգѰλ¡ƿˡ
ĪְλˣҲոԼŽ˿ſڵλӣԼֵĿλ
񽫰ղʱ޹ζȹ»˼µȹҲȥ
ϲҲһԣ˶ִ֣ⲻϣҲнԲˣҲǿڶ֧ЩƲˣ⼸͸һԡ
ԼŽҲ˱ơ
ϯ䣬ԺȵһԸ񱾾ͱȽһֱ˵˵ЦЦ
ƿʧԣԲϵѡ
Цֹſ̸Ц
ĪֱԸأԹֻ΢Ц˵Цٴ
Žͣĸÿ˵žƣȵҲͦЩ΢ү֪ƵĶԴ˺̹Ȼݣզ࣬ٵһ
ѳ˼ϴˣ̧ˣŽ⣬˻ȥ
˾Сʾ飬ЦС֣ʾ
ĪֿĲ¶Ũ⣬ﲻ֪ǺζЩɬɬģֻһζĵͷžƣټвˡ
һֱĪֶԼİĴмټı֣ԸעһЩ
ٳԲˣΪĲ˲θڣѯʡ
ڿ˵ȴһֱעһһ
ָ˼εĲ˺ͽӣδԼйЩ
ֲܱ¶һѰ˸סС֣ס
ֳ鲻ĵ֪Ƿ̫Ƥ񣬾һҲδоƵģ治ɫĲģһ̸ֱЦ
һʵ޷Ҳֻȥˡ
˵˵ЦЦһֱҹ񽥽ֿǿʼ̸£ԼҲԣǰ˴ǣض᷿Ϣȥˡ
˯Ժ䣬ΰĸоԼһָоԼ׵϶ʪյģܵҡͷ㣬㲻˸׽ס˴˱
һŨصľϮѬճһƤӡ
Ļƹߣ񿴵ſԼϣ۾Լģľ֪ҹǺ˲ٵľơ
ֲУʲôܣô࣬и̵
˱һᣬʵ۵Щܲסˣɾ̧ͷŴžɫ;ƺЩ۾ĵĶ
Ǻ˶پƣ
գգۣɿ
ҸȥЩˮɲ
ĵĿⶢЩë֪Ǻ⣬ֿʼ
Բס㣬һˣδûϴͻ飬Ȣ㣬ɹң
⻰ʱͣ϶εͻȻͷЩۡ
֪ΪΣôһ˲䣬һ˿ܵ뷨ôԼڿҪ룬Ҳͬġ
һӣ˭̵ȥܾ
ү˵ɵˣ֪ģҲںЩүãĸԸġ
ҹΪֻּвˣȴУԹߴߴʡ
һûͷûԵĻŪЩ£һʱûӦ
Щһ˲ףļ;Ц˳
ıǼ⣺ΪıѽοңҾͶעһ£Ҳ
ҲǸˡ
ʵǱﲻסˣ͵Ц

 38 


ЦΪ⣬һĶ񷽲һ
үЩʱǰȡЦ˭Ǵ̳ӵģ
ڴϣһЦӯӯ
𣬾һ˲֧ӵĸ첲һգ˱ѹϡ
û뵽žݣȫѹأоѹԼ߹ǶҪȥƵģƵĴ
ʹµүѹҲܺˡ
סıһſԼϣ濴
ٵڷľ࣬ɢһɵ㣬
˫֧ϣƬ̡
ĵͷһ£ˣ
һû뵽ԼȻһ仨˹ᡣ
΢΢һЦ͵ؾͽ˰ϣͻȻҹǸΣԽ֣һȥ
֮ǰҲЩ󵨵£ԽػͷһΣΪᵽ»ڽշҲſģȥˣȴͣ
ǲþί
۾ʱ򣬴컹δǰֻȼĻʣ²һˡ
Ƶ͸ɴʣӳ˯ϣ밵Եͦ
ᶯ˶ֱۣҹĻ
նԼİϧսʤ˷ڵ^ίԼ׵ġ
ЦգҲЦԼա
ĵ׺Ȼӿһְĺۣٴα˯˹ȥ
ٴʱѴѲڴˣ֪Ǻʱߵġ
˴ϴϣӱЦӯӯǰꡣ
Ҳǻ꣬Цʣɸүˣ
Ц𣺡Ͱݹˣ磬˵ʱͿүԺֻһǾһȥݹˣ
Цŵ˵ͷˡ±˿Լԣǰˣĵײһ
˵˼ģϲҲ꣬Ǳˡ
ϲ˸ϲʲôȥ㣬ϲһʼƴŲҪֲˡ
ϲѯүȴϲ˵үһȥ˵ʱء
֪Ǹæˣչ궼δϢһգҲδԼ
Щıңټϱ߾ϵܵϮţǧͷټݸմһ֮սʹѩϼ˪˵ݶҪٷϴҲΪ
˽Ѱ˶Щ˼ʵҲǱһָж̬
ô˵ϾԼΪܻŭϲűģԼ
ȴδ뵽ЩøˣΪоıү⣬ûôˣҲˣҪ˼ɵҲٺܶࡣ
Ҫ˵ΨһģǾϷˣľȴ޴ˡ
յֻʱֻʣ·ЩԼϲ߻ˡ
ͻȻоԼλӦúúٲϱùҹ˷ˡ
ǣµһΪԼҲҵ
ʲôڻֻһģ
η£дľһ֡ǮԽĲ⣬ȴδǮ¡
ĿΪ³ġȻҪԼǮȴֵǮĶˡ
漱õʱ򣬳͢Ҫ¾͵ÿԼŽͨܽᡣ
ѵʱҲܰҲԼ뵽ȥֻһԹߡ
Ĵ£ڵµʱһŮ˿ˡ˵ҲûȤоԼҲûǸ¡
моԼǿԵġǱǮ
ִĸĸˣҲΪȥ̸ʱĳɽ£ųΪ¶ġ
СҲĿȾһ⾭
ͻȻð뷨ŪȴСˮ
˵ӣʱͿʼ滮
Լдд˲жգ˸˼·о⣬
̫ɽ㿪ʼ׼֪ҹθ϶̫˸Ū嵭Сˡ
ʱͻˣջصıնһЩǻϲϣִС˲ˣָʢһ
Ϊҹ˸ЩĹϵԽôĶԴԼﲻɵ̵ġ
ЦеĿԼǲӣҲ齣΢΢һЦ˵и¶һգүһ¡
ţ˵˵ǡ
үӣ֪ܲ볶Щʲôģæֹ㻹ˣ
û˵ʲôⲻ𣿺ôЦʡ
򴽣һЦĽն뷨Ҫ˵
˵εӦ
ЩĪͻȻ뵽Ҫˣתһ룬ͰЩϡ׵£Ҳжˡ
ɣ˿ʳҡͷκҪǮϣ֪ǣ˵ͷ¶棬˵Ҳֻ࣬ʱϲ¾ͺã˵ֶ̼ǵ飬һŮǲġ
֪µʱ˵λͣһ˼ҶǷ鿼ȡ̵Ĵ󲿷ȡ
˶Ըɵ£һŻ㸻ŮȥԵľЩҲһڴӦġ
ɲôһ䣬Ȱ˵ŮͲ̼ˣʱи͹Ѹ𣬻Ǹ̼֣ҲȲأʼʵ۶ܹΪŲ̊أȻҪȣֻҲȥһԣòã
˵ֻ˻䣬˫ˮĿ
ʱɰģ̫ԼĶˣţҪϵǣҲ취ġ
ֻǴ̫࣬ҲϣԼͷ¶£Ҳˡ
͸Ҳ˹¹Ѹˣ壬֪ȲһŮӳǷݼҵģҪӻҪϰٱ
ֺ࣬ᣬҲպֻӾǡıģޱͬ塣
ᣬȴҲʮּᶨ
ǿԼ۾ͻȻȥպĲһ䣺¶Ӧ㣬ȴУ
˵СΪ
֪˲ſ䣬ָֽ̧ĵĸˣһûӦأŲǷޡ
Ǹӣ˵ͷЦ£˵ͲǷˣҹѾβѲɲԱ𲻳ɣ
֪¶ǲӦˣֱϷʣȥ
Ц£ٺȰЩʲôͻ˵үƳʷ˵ȥһˡ
ãӦЦĪˣԺᲹġǰӦ£Ϣ
ȥıӰаŴĿ̰Уǲͬ£Ǳִһ⡭

 39 


ݳݺɣţת۱㵽¡ӱһæµйȥˡ
ͻȻ뵽ԼԺģ֪ûУʱ̾ʱţת뿪˾Сˡ
ڴߣűɴʱϲ˽Цˣ˺Щݣ
æȥš
Ȼ֪⸮ס϶ãҲʰɨƯɾЩ
⼸żӽԺûõĶ˳ȥֽǰԻֲĵط˳˻ֲЩݣһϿûԭյưܲԺ´һ£˿źĿ
ȻľһϣС˴ӱԺһŻδ𻵵ʯӼʯķ£ʱɺһԺߡ
⼸ʵҲûôţÿնʱÿվͽ춫ȥм
ǸУģ֮ӡ̣Ҳ˼ȥ죬ȵһȥʱ̻ЩȴԶԶûӦеķæµ󣬶мϵĻﲻȫȽ³,۸ȴ͡
֪ȥγ˶ѭмշֻ
ڰдһ£ֽ֪ԭΪձ硢˿ټ֮ݶңռ๺»ֱʹ֮ص̷ԽԽ٣ڻٻʹм̻ͣҵ
ʹάӪҵ̻Ҳ쳣ѣƷ۸ȴǮ׷ԭɻ겻̫ƽ˵Ĺȥ𣬰վҪ˵ϮźᣬԽʱòھ֣һ·ʹ֮ɱȻӡ
ʹͨҩġϺͲƥȰճûļ۸ҲǾӸ߲£˰
ԭҵ˾Ѱҽİ취
Щʱһֱ£үͬ⣬Ȼ°빦ϧͬ⡣
ÿæĽŲصģ²߰գĪֺԷ߾ϮӰմָ
ԼҲΪһδģֻ˽͵͵ĽС
뵽˻λھֵĽ硣ʱ˽а࣬Լһ·ҲĶչˡ
ֵҲЩ飬ոǿڣ·Ҳ㷺ܽԼΪԼĻ񲻷㡣
뵽˴һϲж
ʱ˵ݳҲھֵķֺţڳǱһϡǲֻȥһȥ
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ֻ˳ЩѴȥھֵĲְʡǽˡ
ЩģĸײҲ˼ɽΪԼһļƻֻܸˡ
ҷǣȻһӴ³ǱļҴ壬Ū˾巽λ׼ȥǿٶ
ʱĩţԺӱĻȻһ£ݷïǰһ
СǸģԼܳȥʲô̷עЩʱգȴδκε쳣ҲδǼ£ÿΪʳӣԽͻݿˡ
ÿ뵽ůڵģƲסˬ
󲽿˷У˽ְں꣬һš
˷ϺվɻҪȥЩ飬ֽ̫˻ҪЩ´档
㹻󣬾˵һ籾Ҫȥضһ²ʵʩĸſ֪ϺʱŹ飬㲻صűˣԼȳϢ
Ŷõģ֪ˣүࡣԹԻش
ۣһָ°ͣԼ۾ʵôղ㷴أ
ʵ﷢飬գգۣУүˣүкοɿĵģ
ģΪűζˣ
Ť̲סЦ
ҲЦˣ§˼죬ȥ
ȥıӰһ
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֪̫Լ̫ܲ£ΣպҪСĲǣɲ¾·زۡ
ڶһ磬ϷţԼҲٵʰһٴΰ˸꣬Щǣѩ͵͵˸
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֮£ֻܹ˸صĴԼȥļҴ塣
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һλȽĴǵ֪⽯һңǱˣҲǰսҴӱǨ˴ģڴ޿շӹļѡ
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ԺһĵͰݣϵֽҲɵĶѷ˻ƣһ죬ŽƲƵӡ
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ĸϸһ񣬼ʲŮϸƤף֪ӦλӣĴأЦӹգǲNȰɣȥˮȥˣһء
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ĸ˵ͷֱֵɣҲ޺òΪ嵹ұȥЩˮӽźЩҲã
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һı˳һʵ
ҽˣǺ˲ĵĲֻǰȾ˷纮˼ҩҲãҩֹ󣬼ȲûͣˡΪͺˣ˭֪ˡ
ϧʧ˺ײѰھֵĲΪ˻źӡ
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ûôһİĴЩູζȺϢͻȻЩڡ
ɫЦҲ
ֱˣЦ˵Ǻ¡
Ц֪ոǿСȥïݽ뷳뽯ֻء
ЦϿһۣǸεĵɹӿңҵıУƾܵģֻĸвҪź߲ѵġ
ĸһæ˵޷ˣ㲻ҹңȥ˲£ЩǮȢϱʲôǿ
һ죬Žĸ˵˵ʲôܲ
ЦĪҪƾܣʱһʱڼΪĸβΪҪȼĸ¡
˵ӻͳһŵϣΪĸҩβϲõġպ뻤Ҳ轫ϣܰﵽǣһѣǺֵˡ
¸мԱԼҪģĸԽˣȷʵϲãҲδƾܣˣл
ĸǸжҪᣬлⷴЩ˼
æл˳Ҫǡ
ͻȻһע⣬ͱĽ±
֪м֮ķʽֻһ׳ִ󣬱һģԼӶۣû
æһЦļ磬˼⣬˵仰ǣѩ˴ǡ

 40 


δִֻҪ͵ͷ͵ͷ˵Ҫǣִлˣա
ȥıӰʧ֮⣬Ż˼ҡ
˼·Ȧһ·ߣʱŻصǡ
Ӻ͵͵˽ȥһ·ĵģ˿磬Һû֣ѩ˩Ժ⣬ԼæݻŮװǣͻǡ
Сһأæӭǰӹίһذɣүˣܣݻ̫ÿֻһʱһǣһգǶҪĸˣүأ
ǺЦЦͳǮݸǣЦ˵˵үǲڳҲŸѹѹ´βˡ
СĸҽǮƾŲҪĪҪүԺٲǵĺô
ȫ˶֪үĸϡбƵģСģԼһͼūĸҵ޲æǡ
ŷĵȥصԺкȥСˣˮϣҹүĪ˶ȥŻԼݡ
оϵģߵĶҪɢˣ۵ĺܣϲ̧ԡԼ跹Ҳδԣֱϴˡ
һɣܿ˯˹ȥ
ԺоڸԼĦƵģһһţԼͦģŵĹʾ
ţȻоĲ˵طһָֻԼܵľҡͷܲˣ֪ûͣˡ
ЩԸƤӣδˮ¹⣬Լ
ˣʵҲչԼģҲԾ˯ˣʲôȥ۳ӣ
ЩԺģһʲôȥˣʱˣ̵˵ûʲôǴˣ˯ЩүʱصģǺʱˣ
ʱҲջأҹ˵극ϴ˯ˣҲδţﲻǲÿµˣʹࣿ
ڵĺˣ벻ôŵһλүƽʱκ˶һķôƫƫһԼ˸һʲô˼˵ʱִ˶Ļš
үҲʲôó˵
Ǳޣкβ˵ģ
һûӦ޸үأ
βˣֻһʥּѡ
Ҫ˵ŭĵһۣ˵ǲģүó˵
ϲཿСģ̵̧ͦСǼ⣬Ц㲻ɱ˵㣬մ˱ıˣ벻ˣ
ĵ֣ҲЩܲˣүʱҵģ㣬Ƥĺأ
һЦǵԽĴˣ˵Ƥˣôʰ㣡
˵㽫ָͷ£һ𣬴յ߹˿ʼ
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ҡҡͷҲԡ
ԣֻһҲãĪҪ˳θ

ֻùԹԵ˴Ьһ˷ŸЪϢȥˡ
ֹգԽðװ͵͵ȥǸ֮ƣᱻֵġ
ҸԼ·ĵأǵ֮
뵽ⷿӣԽԼͷ棬Ժ˶Ҳиͷĵط
󣬱ȥӡûջҵһȽΰСԺԺӲֻһԺϷԺĻ֮СԺԼ˽á
±̸𣬸µġ
⼸յ˿бֳ˼װԱպá׼׵͵ŽԼһȥïݿˣҲ֪ĸ׵Ĳõôˡ
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յԺſڱ㿴ĸԺеջɫ˲٣ɫ͸ЩҲһֱˡ
Цкĸɴˣ
ĸһæЦӭ룬ùƷˡ
ݡһ߽ӹһ߳ﺰһɤӣ䣬ӭӡ
䷽˵ĸĻδ㼸˳վǰ
ЦӣˣԴӸĸҩ˲ĸöˣҲˣ£ۿϾߣ
ЦĪҽҲֻƽĸģûҪߵ˼ֻܵȰĸȫ顣
ĸЦǰ֣ɹӲŰܻģⲡӣֻҵǰѾˣްˣĪҪ¡
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ЩжŽĸɲ֣ĸĻʶֺҲҵңһʱ߶ŵġ
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δļӦͱסݡ
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æ˵ĪҪ룬ֻҪҹ͵Լƻ޷ġ
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أҲϼҸŵģֻӳ𻤣δҲϵôϵƹ񡣡
˵ͷ
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۾һǽֿѰˡ
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Ҳ޲ɸֵ֪ģȥï֮£ǲͬģ£в㣬˸ԺӣڳǱ˲ͬֱߵͷǣǽѰұȥǣڣŷ
⣬˵ͷһѰǲƹ񣬱ȥСԺ֪㣬պκҪģֻܸ֪ȥǡ
˵ͷлˣ
ָмĳ΢΢һЦ
Ľһ֪ΪΣﾹĪĲ£ҡҡͷֻԼˡ
̧ԵҲ΢죬ֻϡһ֮Уæƿ߲ҿˣﰵԼ˵ز־ˡ
ҡͷӦǳˣˣҲٳԼʡĻȥ𷣡
˵ͷ˱˵˻ỰýĸҲһùҲ͸ǻȥˡ

 41 


صǣȥԼСԺҺýص磬ڴЩˮϵľ
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һȥϲϵζ͵ȥԾˣ˵Ϊβͬȥء͵Ծƣү֪
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ЦŹ֡
Ƴʵţջ֣Լ̫ŵӡ
˭ҪҲŲҪ㲻һ˵ߡ
һѽ˻޺޵ôңǵڼˣ˵ͷȥԡʲôô㣿
ڻҳס˲ͷЩѡ
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ţɻˣЩ
үԷɣһˡ˵žȥԼ첲ͻȻˣ绹һ߻û꣬оȥˡ
˵꣬Ҫߡ
һֽק˻ôˣֱ㣿
ûУûУæ֣ү֪үæĶǶĴ£ҹүˡ
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ϣһɵʱ򣬱ǱС˵˵ʱˡ
޷õϢˡ˵㽫ͷľ
һȷʵˣſûһЩ˯ˡ
춼ûжͷ˿˫ۣۼ˯ˣʱЩ
Ķϣḧķʣۻ˰ɣ극ȥ˰ɡ
û˯ˣ㣬һͺˡ
֪æĺܣÿ龫ǵĴŸ֮ΪӸе
ıԼֻ˳СϻůůġģҲ
һ£ͣḧķ
ʵԱҲǰģ֪΢Ц˵
һЦٳĸͶ㰮ˣ
̧ͷЦһᣬЦȥ
ֿʼˣŲǲ졣
ԽǶ㣬ԽռУһף׵ı˱סࡣ
Ⱦˣͣ¶ʡ
ٵգ۾Ҳɿתš
ûаҸδȾƣ
𣿡
šƴĵͷƺо˵Щֺߵ
ŶŶˣԡʱ򣬲СˤһӣŤŶԣǽףõһţֿǾƳòʧ˾ʺһڳ˳Ǹζ
һĺ˵˵
ˣԾˣ뱾һԣڸȥԣڸ˳ԣ֪𣿡
󣬱Լ˯һҹ֪£ⵣӣһˬķſ˺ȣ񲻺Σա
һĵǣæԹԵĵ˵ͷֵģġ
ЦЦδ˵ʲôˡ
ǸӣԼҲδ̫ȣŽƵİɡɵֿʼ
ǵڶȥ˸
ظʱû𣬱˯С˵Ҫȥɽ̤ࡣ
͵͵æʵҲͦ۵ģ˶ߵ˽гǷѺô뷽跨ʵãУ治ȥ̤ࡣ
ֲ빼ⷬ⣬ֻԹԵƯ󣬺һȥ˽⡣
ʱֵʱڣɽϻӰϪ
ݵĴһһ·ɻĿһһɨͣʱȸԾˡ
ˣԼҲģ˵ѵ˷һգɽϳ
˵ҪɽȴɽֿʼЦУʱŻǡ
ôͲˣ
ĪҪˣں̧ͷ˿ɽҡҡͷҿ˴ã̺̺ӣҰͰɡ
ãΪȻ½ϲͺá
ù̺ϣֽӹŵʳУһݽĵİϡ
ͻȻһֻȴСȶųǰƶ
Ŷү㿴ֻô󣬡ʱĴ󷢣Ķž׷ȥҪȥ׽ס
ЩܣСˤˡƵãæѡ
ûƵã׷źԽԽԶģҲ׷ȥ
ľ·ߵһҰϣ͵ɲס˽ŲСַŵ߻ͷᡰꡱһ
ҲļͣЦӰ
ͿĿȻ͵ǰһˣδ׽ȴһͻȻʧˡ
ȻԼߣ󾪡
ߵʧĵطҲδȥ

 43 


⼸һֱλƹ£ѰóҲδҳȥտָֻյϢɣŸҳš
һСԺŷͷæǰ˵ˣϴλӣǰһţ˵ҵĲƹѰˣԼպδʱȥǱ˿;ýԼӣͲ£ֲ֪ȥ
ͷһϲæЦˣ⼸ռе¿ĽͻȥԼ
ְοѰˡ·ˣɷοˣһʱЩˬ·Ҳ첻١
˸£ͷʵû͸¶Ůװɣ
ͷЦﶼ⽻ˣܲأȻǲй¶ġ
Цŵ˵ͷͷˡ
ͷлæԼȥˡ
һʱ쵽ˣæװš
˿;ŵʱɨһ۴ãδ֪ҪϷȥƹı˽󣬱㱻С˶¥İ
Ǹƹ񿴵æЦӭҲЦŶԶ˺˼˾Ʋˡ
ܵʤǰģ꣬ŶֻʮӣﲻЩʧ
ǰԼ⣬תıǮˣûȥܻ֪꾰ü϶ңԼĶҲЪҵ
ڼ˶ˣҲδѰһǮ·Ҳˡ
Һ޾֮·ǰվѰ涫ҵܻⱾϱУһڴӦˡ
һԭҾһЩ꣬Ķʱ˰ء
ϻǿЦάδ빫ӾᣬΪѽ
ῴ룬Цƹɿ᲻֪£Ų⣿
ܵʤƤһȣڨЦңҡ
һЦղЦһ䣬ƹĪҪ档
˵͸ܵʤͽһƣЦֹܵϣƣλ⡣
侴˲ܵʤһԲƹ
ЦнƹȻѪһʱ֮¡
ҵͼؽҲǰ˵ƹˣڿɲУƹҵ뷨У̸պУ಻ǿ
۾Ȩѣպƹõҵĵطܿڣ
ܵʤ̸²ӺˬδǰۣоԼЩòȡˣæ˹֣Ц뽲ĳϴ
һЦЦɫйģ֮ǰ֮٣زƹҸǿҾͲˡ
Ϊλ˵زҾ⼸µİò̽Щĵá
ɽվҪԭΪΪ߾ǳصĳ궯ң˵ĻΪҰҵ˿
°͵ͷʾͬĲܵʤ˶٣˿ڲɰҵҪԭ򣬰յĹ̼
Ȼݣү£һƽõưá
˰һϵи񡢻ʩܿʹԭ޼ҵ¸мҵ
ӴݰָճĹҲʱȥ顣
ܵʤ΢΢ü
һۣ˵ʹⶼѵõݵǷȥһԭǱɵ
֮·M˲ϣھֻʹ֮ıǮƽ۸ߣ̼֧ţ򡣡
ܵʤƵƵͷԵ˵ļǣֻ繫ԣʹδ⣬ֻһδǺã
ݶ缲Ƕɽ֣벻Ѱٽ𣬿ֲһһϦ֮£Ѱְæ֯һ˰һ
ܵʤ˵ͷ˵Ӵ˼䲻ˡĳֱԣϵܻȻǱھֽʡһʲСĿ̵֧Ķֲڵı˶١
ЦЦСܽҪ̵ġ
ܵʤͽ׷ͶĿ⡣
ЦҿЩƹĶҩֻҩֻԼĶ˽⣬ˣ
ܵʤ˵ͷǣˡ
ͷңȴַʽȥïݽ㽫ճƷһӦȫЩȴԼȥǽĻֻ̣ͬҪϵеƹҵĻͺˡ
ûе̵ɱƹĻȻǻü۵ͣڸƹ޶ڻķգʡһ·ϻĵ룬ǺֶΪ
Ȼ¶֮ɫ
ƹ۾ҲʼЩ⣬м֮ɫרעļš
ɤŵ֪ƹ߹ģïݴӦ˽⣬Ҳ·಻ʱȥϻҲ޷ȥѼƷ͵Ǽǲ񣬹ƹһ
ܵʤǫЦӿˣĳӵĺ۽硢õıһ·ܰһƴǣֻǲĳ֮ǰֻ߹ĻĶҪ˵ѰѹػпɣϤƹȴϵãֵ˹ӵ¡
ЦˣʶúûҰѹأϻͼ۸ȥ̸
ܵʤ˵ͷԥ£ǿʵˡĳٶ죬ԣϻ෱࣬պҲתӦòСĿ
֮ԣǹӼﲢֹ֧Ӵ̣
֪ĹǣԼʽˣٺҲá
ĵĲ޵ӳ˾ʱԼ˲强Ǯ˵Ŀر޴󣬲֧⻹Ǵ´ࡣ
ԼҪת͵͵ˣҲԼš
Цƹ赣СȻбǮת·
ܵʤ˵ƶ۾ǳѣŶģЦͺãǲĳˡ
ԼʼҲоǸʵڡи֮ˣֱӵҴȥһïݣóĸһƹ
û̸üǮЩƷأȻϻĸƹĿλҪȥһˡ
䱾Ͳϵ£ֻһǳֵεѣȻһڴӦ
ܵʤǸ̻ͨģ·͸ֺܷϵҲ̵Ĳԡ
ʵ֮ǰȦƼƲߵģ˵ǼȥЩۣջǮ㣬ӵ·ϱһʧضա
굨Ĵ۹ܾ׼˶Ļò˵һ¡
ȴòӽԼҲ𺦣ҲҵڼãҲӦ
Լպȥïݡ

һʱأ˵Ҫһò˵֪СҪˡ
ȻһС˵Ҫߵ£ٰ㶣ԼҪʱţȻ֮ǰӦˣٲԸҲܷڣֻܵͷӦˡ
ţֱһƵٴ𣬳˻ǷʱͻȻ
ܸоǲǲЩʲôԶʧҴӦ䣬ҪʰΪ˷
˳գһùţҪˡ
ھֵ˻ϣǶ˲֪״й©˵ףæΪɲȥͣҲδ֡
ЩĪΪԼĻˣֱ˵ʲôʲô֮ǰԼСӿģ¶Ҫܷġ
ʣʱҲ˲ȥϸЩæװǣѩ˸ȥСԺʰЩȥ뽯˻ϣһȥïݡ

 44 


Դ̤ظԶԶĸ֪ǰһСԺװȥˡ
ӦھֵˣҲδ̫⣬ǸСԺȴЩ̫ģһ߱Žȥ顣
ŽӦº󣬳ʣүȥŹ𣿡
ոһֱ
ŽСЩ˼ⲻˣźղû³ȥϹڣүķѾ˼
ҡҡͷϵ㣬㡣һھֵ˷֣񲻾֪˸ˡȥɣʹҲ벻Ǳȥġ
ŽƲƲ죬ĵүҲ̫Сˡƭ˵ץһأ֪˹
Ȼģȥˡ
պڴĵŽ棬˵СԺˣڸǰµġ
üڸȷڱЩʲô飬ͻȻ뵽֮ǰҪ¡
ѵԼίߣ˳ӱȴ͵͵ȥˣСӣ̫пˡ
̾һĵˣñĹ˳ӸԻġ
߿϶Ҳǻؾˣֵġ
ҧҧ޲̾ͽ׽úһٶõֶΣԺ󻹸ҲΪˡ
ִܿͷɲԼ˿١˼ȥǾ𴫻źپ¡
ıھֵˣӦòʲôµġ

պ糾͵ĻˣŲִæһ·СܵĽڵ鷿̾ߵͷүСĽˣ
ͷһʵô£Σգ
֪үǸϲŭɫˣʱ棬֪Ƕŭͷһݣϵͷȥ˵үϢŭﲢûΣգһ·ǣ˶ԹΪչˣﶨµģ
̧ͷɫЩŸҽ˵¸պ󣬿һ·УߵҲȷʵǻؾ·û쳣±Ƿ֣ԾԶЩ
ҿ·ԺȲϢһʱڼȥС⣬˾Ͳˡ
˳Żؾ·׷Ͽӱ׷˶ҲδӰŸоԡ¸оͷңŽҸ˦ˣ
һȷʵѰˣͣĸϻүүˡ
һԵĪҲֵּģֲñ¶üһ˵꣬㿴
һ򲻶˰֣л֮󣬱㹪ȥ
ĪֿˣȰοүĪҲǸ֪صģµģʹȥѰ
ҡҡͷڸȴɣʵڲģȥѰ
Īֵ˵ͷҲãȥѰ
а취˵㼱Ҵҵĳ鷿
ĪվſڿȥıӰкǵǣǿҪȥĳ嶯˻ȥ

ŽǼСԺŷͷһ۱ϳʹӵŽЦλŹӣˣ˵ˣСԺǰһλˣȥ𴦰ɡ
ǰһ΢Цλϲˣⷿģ´˷ұãǰȥˣһҪĶ˻ӻҪȡǹȡġ
ͷҡҡͷ˵ĪҪڿң磬λӼǰⷿӵ£
ŽҪǰ̧ۣˣЦϲĪҪᣬ֮ǰ˲֪ⷿ£ǰ֪˱λȹȷһ£¼ȻˣҲ̹Ȼˣⲻ˶ȡ
ͷ˵ͷżȻλ֪ǸŮңӦļˣʣǹȡģ
ӻδ˵ֻ̫˵֪ǰ㽻õģ֪
ͷһ룬ҡҡͷ˵ȥïǰδҽֻҺúԺӡ˵οҪһ£ǲûŪ
˵ͷǼȻҾȥʣʺȡϲæɡ
ãߡ
һӣŽߣȥïݣȥӦȥïݵĴм
ŽҲٺһЦүа취һΪñʳء
һۣǿʳպ֪񲻸
ŽЦү˵ǣβ¿סˡ
죬޲ͽ׽һĸΣԼ
뵽ֵز˽ˣҲ˲֪ôˡ
Žү㲻ٶˡһ·ȥˡ

·ֻ߰ձ㵽ïݣһ˵صķʸУʱȸԾ
ԲܵʤЦҺвƹʶСߴյ·̡
ܵʤЦ֮ǰһֱܻ·ȻҲ֪СС䲻ߣΣ˺ܶ಻֪Ҳ˺ܶ·ˡ
ԽЦƹָǴһ
˶ʱЦ
˰ͬһҿջȽСȥιϣҪϷȷźװȥҪЩþƺòˣ˱߳Ա̸Ц֪ҹڸ·ҲˣĸԻطϢˡ
ڵڶһ磬ȥ˳ǶĴм
ܵʤȴȥ֮ǰʱĲƹһ˵⡣
ƹ֮ǰԲܵʤӡܺã֪ԼţʵڣӲǷϲ⡣֪ĶҪȻЦٰڽܡ
ԿʵǸ⺺һϲͨ
δƹѧѧòƹԼѡһԿš
ܵʤҪѡ˼Ĳ𡢾˿ĲͲƹԼãȻȥ׼ϻ
ƹȻЦӦֿڲܵʤϣһƥֶó˼ֵл󣬾͸˴ǡ
ϵĳû棬˸ղŵĲҩġϡˮ۵߰ճĶ⼸ֶƹҲû˿Խܡ
ÿ̶ֻͬһΧڣһȥſ˽飬ٱȽϼǮﳬֵǼȥ̸յۡ
ïݵм֮û뵽ģҲѹīĻﶼǴⷢɢȥġ
Ļǳȫ۸ȴβ룬ҪĶֶ࣬߰յĹ⾰
һգʵ۵߲ˣֲ˲󣬱ЪϢһȥ̸ǮҲԼЩŲסˣӦˡ
ͲܵʤоãϾǳ·ġ
ȴ۵ĳϺһգͽȥԵġ
˵ڶշžûôˣ仹ȫۣܼټ·ˡ
˰ƻɸѡʮҸо̣Ʒ࣬ȥ̸Ǯ
ÿ̸һ֣ºԼȡȥ̸һ֡
ܵʤѹأȽԼŲĶѡһһѯǮ
ƹ̶꣬ʶǮҲһ֣Ͻȴ⿪ۡ
𿴶ССͣǼֱǿӡֵܰ˼˵ɰ˷֣߷ֵ˵ʮ֡
Ŷҿ⼸չ⾰Ͱαβѧ˸ʮʮ
ЩԼδֵ覴ãҲˡ
˼֮ϸ۹֮Щ̾ˡ
Ҳκ˶٩٩̸Ʒ䶼ڵϡԼ֪ЩѧģΪǴСץѧ̵Ĵмң
ƻʵڵƹݺݵѹۡ˵ǵټ顢ɫЩƹĴԸϲЦտĴӦһҪòܵʤ̾
ܵʤоԼǿˣֱǾΪ̶ģ
ЩӣЩɣЩĵĲȷһȫɢˣ֮⣬ǶͶء
ܵʤΪԼһλвܵĶҶеңһֱŵǿҲڰˡ
ͻȻоԼ뱲ӾˣѵָտɴƲס
ҩƹԼȡЩҩƷ󣬱תͷвܵʤߡм֮ɫЩ죬ƹ⿴ˣͻȻ۷Źļˣ
ŶŶܵʤŷӦΪŵеΣڨڨĺӦ˾,ǿһǰѣһ͹Ҳû塣
ȻˣǱ߰ɡЦ
ܵʤӦ˱ҩƹĸ˴ǡ
һҼҵĿٽֹȥագɤӶˡ
俴ôƴֵȰϢһգˡ
æգҪȥ¶ģҪݺ޷Ϣϵʱ䡣
һڻƷϣ˿δĲԶиȺУһֱĵĿһһ

 45 


Žһ·׷ϵģʵ֮ǰïݣһïݱȥмѰϧмֶ̫֮࣬ÿտصֲδϡ
ڷţǰҪۣеˣſ
úվ˵һ˲䣬˶յģˡ
վڲȺУ
ͻȻͷװƽղͬ⣬˵ĸоҲƽ˺ܴͬһʱ˵ﲻͬ
ԶԶĸ˿СգÿߵһǰϲĿʼ˵Щʲô
˵ʱɫˣʹװҲо˼ֶĿ
Ȼͷˣоﲻͬıƽʱʻˡɫ㡣
Ȼ뵽ʡ
ƽʱõӴ󣬿ɰֽƤֻ飬ʱӻʹЩСӣЩȫ¶ĸоȴȫͬ
һڶɢļϢֻϲʱɢȳͳɾ͸С
ָоĸ貶Ŀ
ȫµһ棬δĸΪʻһ档
ҲԼδܲһɣ룬ͻȻԾľ¶һֽ΢Ц
⼸Ҳѹĵ׵ĵǺͽǣжԼ͵͵ŭͻȻһ̣̣ɢȥ
ʣµģǾǰ˵Ŀˡ

һֱĸǣʱ찵ǲŽһ飬ص˿ջ
û뵽ŵĵطסĿջôֻӣȴʼû
ͣſڣ˶¥˵ЦָԽ˷䡣ǵķǽŵģһ䡣
ԥԼҪҪھȥû֮ǰŭţЩС֪ٵº󣬻᲻ˡ
뵽˴˴ҳ飬ʹ֪ˣҲǺռģֱ׳
תһ룬ΪԲѶڸãҴƻԣģƺָЩ
ͻȻоʹڴҴʱҲûô񡢻ûʧɵðԿЦ
̧ʱͻȻ˲Լͬĳ˷䣬¥ͬڴõһſϣֹҪȥѰ˼뿴˵
кСҪ˲ٵķˣȻоԼҲˣһֱ¸ˣջˮδء
Ҳ֪סˣԥҪҪ뿪ȥԷʱȻֱߵǸǶֶŵģһֱ첲ץ
ѼȻ֮٣ȴΪۡ
üٿһ⡢֪ӵӣ͸ˡ
ļؾĵͻȻӿһ֮ͣķš
޲̳ȥֻεָȻ˸ȥСﻤڻ˭
ʵʲôֻܿǳԺȣ˵Ц
ʵǶʻգƵתȥ

ŽȻ˿ջүȻѰСϿܾͲˡ
үţͿˣŽȴδС
үԼˣأʡ
һۣһ۵Ŀģûȥ
Žһ⻰ĲǺףӣүƺܲáĪʲôү£
үҪھͶȥ
˰֣ˣȥ˯һ
˵ٿۣ˷
ŽȥıӰЩɶͷԣҲȥʣֻҲĻ˷
ڴϣȥвЦ̣߹׼űЦġ
ȴ˿Ļ⣬ǶİЦԽԽԽ˯ţؿҲƵܡ
һˣȻڵԼôˡ
ŭʡģвϲ¡żįһ𣬾ζ
û뵽ӣѧԴˣҴ⻹ô󡭡
ؿڱƵܣԾ彣̧ųݡ
ųὣ͸йһеķƾͻȥġȴ֪ģʹ
δ꣬˵Цţվ⿴
˳ԺȵľˣȴܾЩҲ˵ΪʲôܸоиӰڶԼͷ˺üأҲδʲôס
ΪԼ̫ˣԲŻֻþɹ
еһô˳ԽͲܵʤǴмԣĺֲԾ¶
μܳԾƵΪ˱ʾһ¶˵ĸм֮飬һ
СԴıƣžƱվ󣬶ЦжλֳʹɹҾλһı⡣
˵ͷһ
˿˺ˬ޲ӦͣҲվٱһ
˿ű˴˵ĿվƱЦ
ͻȻѵһľƱ˵ϣЦҲʱϣ˲죬˳Ŀתͷſȥ
ֻһλµ湫ӣһֱһ彣΢ЦĿˡ
һ˲ŻǺ
ܣƤܵˣü˺ң
ºͣ΢Ц˵
ͲܵʤŷӦ֪ⶨǲļѰˣֶĵĻͷȥ
ڨЦǺǡ磬ˣҡҵλѺһͬģ·Ϻܰȫġ
һʱŵĲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôˣЩ״ΡͻȻ뵽Ҳ֪ԼΪģòҪ¶ڣǸæת˻⡣
ʱģɶˣСŪЩԵ
ͲܵʤҲæЦŸͬ
ίлˣǶ˿˼䣬תͷº͵ĵرԵģڲǸ·Щˣãˣ¥ȥϢ
ֶԽͲܵʤ˹֣Цλһᣬȸˡ
˵궢һ̧ۣ¥ȥˡ
¥ּȻƿԼķţ˱ۣˣ
ǰ⸱ϲŭɫӣȻԼӣҲδԼʵݣԼһۣ˶ݣ֪ġ
Ȼֱȥķ䣬ӦҲ֪Ĳˡ
俴˷󣬲λӦþ˵ļܵıȽϸλֳˣЩΪ
תͷ˵ܣû°ɣ費Ҫȥתһ£
ڨЦǺǣãλˣȻƽʱܵϣһǻҵģҲܺ˵һȥ˵˵ûûˡ
ܵʤͷͺãλǲҲΪѶҵģҪĵط뾡ܹѰǶˡ
˹֣Цлл
ƹֵȻҲѳ꣬ҵıˣҹɢ˰ɣг̡
丽ͣҲЦӦˣ˱Ⱥ¥
ǽݺԼһƿ˷š

 46 


һϵƵһ˲䣬Ƶı˳
С̫޷ˣȫǸŮӵݣЦҲͰˣôĺ˾ƣҹûҵأ˱˷Ůأֱ롭
ƿź̽ͷһۣڴЦſԼͷһݣæݣغš
үӵĽȻʰɵĵͷ
úЦӣʵ֮ǰһΡ
ǷһǰȥȢʱ򣬵ǴαͲԼĴȻҲͲ̫ˡ
ΡЩȷˡ
Լ뷨Լ£ˣȻǶԵġ
վĽǶȿΪо֮Լū澣βӣڱȷ˵£Լˣ˻ѣ͵͵ܵôԶĵطһǶ¡
ŴȨүǰָоԼĺܲԡ
Ȼû˵ס
һʱžЩ£Լ̴ٵĺ
ӷٵתţѰŸɻصɣѳζǵѰ˼һȦʵûҵֿʼϲͷԼ
̫ŶţҪҪĳƵá
ֿµļžгĬ˺һᣬŹ̧ͷ
Ŀ⣬ֱֱĶԼϣգҲգģͻȻЩסˡ
ȻˣһеıⶼֻϽͣΨС
үҴˡϴӲ
δţޱĿƬ̣Ĵߣƽ˵
ôӺÿ£ˡ
⡣Ĵƽ䡣
ͻȻ֣Խƽ϶ʹԽҡĺÿ£
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Ŀһ˲ʵˣ
º͵ģȴΪ顣
˫ְסأƣڨڨҲƭү˵ǻؾȴïݡ
ţ𣿡
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Ľͣʵ
룺㷽żλһλ֮ǰȷʵھֵˣϴȥݵλֻڲھˣԺһ
΢΢üƽֻȴˣ˵
һλھֵˣպܰҵĴƹ񡣡
һΪպ·㣬˸СԺ
һᣬȫˡ
Ȼأ
Ȼ󣿡
ûȻˣЩȫ˵ˡգ޹Ĵ۾ġ൱Ͽҡ
˵ɵϣܵõᴦá
Ƭ̺ƿĿ⣬תͷϵǰѽ뵽ֻ֣ļЦЦ
Цŵһ㼦ƤٴγϿҵ˵Ķ˵ˣүģ
תͷɨ򲻰һֱͣĴűС֣ĿͣЩ׵Сϡ
۾˵Уֿ̰ظ֮ˣܾ󣬵ҲֻΪһʱ𣬲ȥͷ¶ܿࡣ
ϲģԶԱ֮飬̹棬֪һӲͬ⣿
ļؾԲ۾ʵԾû뵽ô˵û뵽ôԼ
˶٣ŵң߱ǻؾģȴӳǲˣŪڹк˼ȲѵΪҲԲ㡣
İ޶ã˵ǣѹ㣬˽ƣǵϲЦտñ㣬й˼㵽ӱ˺ֵز
ƽȴѾаŭ⡣
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쾹֪λشٲưۼʱǰˡ
ٿߵԣ彣ͳſȥ
ŷӦæܹȥ
쿪˫ۣϣסȥ·ŭˡ
ѹ۵ӿ⣬үҪߣҽͣòã
⣬дżֺõζ
Ųһ٣ͣߡƲͷ𴦣ɫ䣬ӽ
Щ飬ȷʵҵĴڴ̵£ȷʵϲҲҪô뷨ûҺү˵ү£Ϊû뵽үҵ̶ֳȣ֧ϲ顣Ϊ˺Ǹм
˿ֻһСŮӰˣԶүؽ㣬ܽҵԡ
תͷִֵ֮Աǣûȴе㶯ҡˡ
ɫЩҲôˣŵǰһһץסĹ䣬һסĸ첲ȵգ˼ۣ
ñԾܾԸүκγͷԹԡҪ͵£үˡ
һۣᣬ
үֻˣǱҳΨһһҲΪҪлǶˣĵһүǣһֱμģүҲ֪Ҿֻһµġ
üڣȴֱȥˣպҲٲᷢˡֻҪүߣκ״£ҾԲմһξƣҷ١
ˣҷ֪ʷη㣡
κβĻʹԼ˵ҲС
ѾŵϣԼϡδƾܣĽͷľ˲䡣
ɱﵣŲá
ү˵ҵ£Ҳү˵ǽҼ°ɣ
ۿ˿ÿɷ
סĲӣĵǸˣƽʱҲСڣҼͷҲֻ֮һЩСѡ
ҲȷʵҵĴǵĲܵպүҲñ˴ˡòã
һۣȴֳһ˿Ц⡣һֻҲԾ֫
ʱʵĽͲˡװװӣ೤Щԡ
벻ʲôȥˣ룬ֻʣʵжԼһˡ
ǺƤһֻԼؿϣ̧ͷȥ졣㻹ү
ĻסĴʱѪӿ͵ߵ۴ϻǰһ鷢ɦ
һ§ſڱ㺬סĴ׾ٵ˿ݹأʼɨ˼õء
ֻСèƵãĻһȡ
ãɿĴŶ䲱һ·ȥͷߣһ룬̧۽ȥ
˫۾Щˣ˫ץסǰ½ʣүҪ˵㻰ӴӦҴ̡
ֻû˵꣬ͱûȥ
а̾һͶе󡭡

 47 


Сֱ׽ãձŹ
ջطĸ첲£۾СҲ͵͵յĵˣǰδеĳ⡣
һ룬ȻͶе󣬵ֵͦģǿĵﹰ˹
ë׵ԴļҲסֵ񱳣Цˡ
еıĦЩǰЦŴЦһ,±һ𣬱۾Ŵ˴˵ۡ
һ·˸оͨ͸ˣͻȻô֪Լïݵˡ
֪Ƕ㲻ȥģ˶٣ֱӻصȥǸСԺʵġ
ٿۣ˫֧ӣ̧ͷүô֪ǸСԺģҽŸ֪㣡
Ҳ۾Цˡ
ļؾЩʲôɫү˵
Ц̧־ȥ
ðۣ֣һµүң
ֺȻеסڵĽѹɤӣ޺޵ʣүӺʱʼҵģүķүң
æ͵и㣬ϴ̤ȥ󣬲ЩҲ˵ⲻΪ㣬˸˰бհˡ
ߣͷһŤбү˵ĵ⻹ǸټӼӣҶүһ¾ʧȥеΡ
˵Ь˴˸ƣү߲ͣ
ôɵÿЦ¡
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µµתת飬ĵȥԼԿôҲ˵Ĺĵ˲ȥ
Ŀ죬õҲ죬㲻ȥҲ˯ˡ

ڶһ磬ڷһͬùź󣬱ƹͽʮӵı꣬лݡŽïϢһգڵڶһͬݡ
ʮպ˱صݡ
һ߾Ƕʮգ˲ټһصݣֿʼʳ֮͵
ӻĵڶҲʼæµ
˲ƹŻȥ֮ǰȴЪҵƹǣͼ󣬿ǷԸ¿
ܣЩӪҵƹ̸ѡһЩʵʵģ⣬˵飬ǽģٽһһóϸ
ЩƹǿĻϳˣҼ۸ҲԼȥϻ֪˶ٱȻ뷨ܸȤ
ҳ˻ü۵⣬ȥʱٵķպͻɵıǮѹ޲ЦѯҪ
һ˱֮ǰԤϵĻҪ࣬һһϸ˵ʱЧʻ͡
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˾һܽ˼ؼ⡣һ˴ʣһе֮ǰû뵽ģԲο˵ġѾʵģҲͱظ
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ɴҶŷƹԼǩֻѺΪ֤
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ƹ񣬱㽫ԼҪĻ඼ǼǷ࣬Ͷһڲƹ
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ڼ䣬ƹһֱæŴƹҪһӦƷæʱǮǼǳɲᣬպʡ
ҲһֱûţǰЩղֵ൱ھĲʣһ֧ǿĻ飬Ϊ񻤻
˶м֪֮֮У޲Ľȭȭ
ҲǱ˲á˲ɵİԭ򣬷¶Ƕ˲öȥֱӵ˦ִƹ
ֻǶòʱŻԳʱĴչʳӣһкƤҪΪԼȡȥϻĻᣬŻĸ׼

ܿ죬͵˸ȥϻӡ
Ĺͻûã˵Ҫȥïˡ
䲻ǺԸ뵽ʱŬԼļ㣬ԼպҸͬ
չǲһЩ˶Ҳ·ϵİȫЩ˿סŽżȥ
ⷬģȻͬ⡣
գ֪ô׵ķԼ뿪Ǳòƹͽг
ùźֱŲ֪˰գʱǰװŽïȥ

 48 


һ·ڵ˿δоսµĳȣ΢棬Ϊ飬ǳ
һֻеĻͻȻע⣬ٶͣÿñյɴ̧ͷȥֻȶβƺĳڿвš
˾ȻһգҲһֻеĹ
ʱţǰȫͬÿ飬ǰԼѹֺ裬֮Ŀ
ǰԼʱѼ˻ʹڹеҪտԼԼʱʱҪװùŮǵĵ䷶
ϳһЩƻץסͻڻʵǰһʵȾϾͱԼνµľ۵ֳһܹ衣
ֻڲرԣԴίȫջĽС΢˸żģ룬ϱӵԼҲǿЦ
뵽ʱǽıʵҪ봩Խȥȴǳмϲػһ
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ŷԼͻȻͷ˳գæɴڨЦһ££żеĶפ㿴˻ᣬ߰ɣǼ·ƺܸܿϲƹˡ
ŽӦֲʱ֣׷ǰĶ顣
һʮպ󵽴ïݣŽͲƹһȥ˴меĻ˱ڿջϢ
ЩﲻȫƹֲïݴʮղŽﱸ룬װ˳
ĵڶգһ˱ݣһ·Ҳоգûд˳
Ȼ˼Сɢƾͱ˵ԭ򣬷Щ·ƣԷǸҲǱ뺷ǣɹʶ˳ͨˡڰº˳ݡ
һؾ˽һµʱ䣬һظͿʼԹЩʱյ˼ֻܸ֮ͷŵħơ
ݺ󣬸ƹǷֻ£ɲƹһֲٰˡ֮ǰÿλƹԼõ嵥ÿһһš
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ܶϴγֹ̬ȵƹǣҲʼȣԼĵСų˳Լ׬ӣæı˶д嵥ϲƹⱨ
ܵºûԼҲôü˹άеһ죬˻ÿնŵķҷ
룬֮ǰԼʱҪĻСƹĮԴʱ»ѹյװκ˶Ҫͷ
ڵԼƹ񼸺¢ݵгԼȥϻʱЩƹǣԼЦӭһͷ
Ҳĵϻ쳤ˡ
뵽ЩǰĶԱȣƹԽĶм㣬ҲӾ
񿴲ƹԽæԼ˸ֵĻưšԼֻ飬̫ϸڵ¶ͲٹʣŰˡ
ƹϸ־ģ۳ʱҲÿղ÷̫ྫͿԽҵ۸ס
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ֲ鿴ϻĸ嵥ϴζ˽һ࣬΢ЦƯ°ͣƲס˷ܵĵͷ
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ҡҡͷЦĻǲඣڿң˵õֻͷһϻʱԸȥҪȥҿҰˣҲűˡԴҪȥҲȥˡ
ϣֱ꣬ʹĥ䣬ߺ
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ʱѵʱŻҹ˿˿ϵ͵ϡ
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ЦЦҲãŽͬȥ
æˣϴβҲ£֪æ֮ʣһ߽˷һߵģнڣ㲻Ϊҷˡ
ʳָ˹С°ͣЦû˻㣬ҲŻģŽǻ޾㣬Ҳܸġ
֪Լģ㲻ƾܣһſ˵үıǡķɳˣ
ţĪַһùˣܺóԣ˵ĳ־ˡ
ЦˣүղҪȥ˯ɡ
ɣԼѥֱ̧˴ҹ뱧˯
үջҪ𣬽ҹҪ֣
סϸЦĸҪˣֻǱ˯ѣСԴյĶʲô
޲ܽ⻰صϣһңҲͬƽˣ˯
ЦˣһѽԼ첲ϡ
ѽ˯
˵ñ˯ģ˯ɣĪ˵ˡ
񣺡

 49 


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ع⣬ƿţ˳ȥͷԼЦЦֹš
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ݵı߾Ľϡ
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΢Ц£˵ͷţˣȥ˰ɡ
ųٴιְ֣
˵Ҫȥ췣
Уߣᴦһɶԣ
ȥ֮ǰ
ųƤһ죬æתٴߵڵأȴд˹涨
Ϊβ᣿
ְүΣǸ
˹ǣ˵㣬ľ͸ͣʧְ֮Ҳ÷ᴦȷʵһͷ˽飬Ա
˴ᴦ㲻ٽˣ죬ͷأڱ⣬ֻƷľɣסˣ
ųЩæߵסˣлү㲦
ߵлϺų˳գһоԼƺѾδ⡣

ݵüգһֱδܻأϲƹͣĴߴ٣ȳȥïݡ
ȥʱװУһ·нٶȺܿ죬Ҳδʲô飬ʮеïݡ
ϴζһ࣬ïݴ˰£ŸҰѻ䱸ȫ·طݡ
λȽ϶࣬нٶҲҲûϴôˣ˼ˣеȻԸõ·ƾ˵ģеȴʨӴſҪۡ
ôǣŵǳǰȥɱ
һ£һ¡
ʱ浶ǹȺŹ棬ʱŵĸҲֲֳֻܱװ򶨵һԹս
˴󲿷һȺں֮ھۼɣʵޡ൱£нЩˡ
ռƣҲôס
һֱһ𣬴ѷģŽҲǰȥæ
ŽյС˵Щ˶ΪƶƴɱģǴһҲˣǵǱ㣬һ뿪㣬ôү
֪ⶣ֧ʹֻաҺʱѽ˸ȥܶҲ˲ʡ
Щڵֵеı׵ģеͷϣ첲ϣϻѪᵽЩļѺĲףģЩζ
ҺȫǰһҽʿͬУԷһεˡ
ҽʿóҩ䣬һһϺֿʼ·
Ϊ˸Щ˵Щֲŵλ෢ĲΪ
ղŻˣһϾˣϲЦտĻһƬ
ЦղŵľҲʧˣҲЦ
ŽٴοС˵˵ġ
һۣôۺˣ㲻ϣۺҲûģҪֻȥүҪˡ
ŽЦˣȣҿû룬Ҳô룬ҵүģǮʲô
Цˣһۣˣ֪үģҲ࣬ȻȥȾơ
ͻȻĶת˵ҺүһȾơ
Ž˹֣ҿûô棬үֻͬҪү˾С

 50 


һ·˰£յİصݳǡ
òƹȥŷַԼȻ˸
ʱʢģʱ˳
ֱѿ£뵽ϾܼˣõƺҪˡ
ܵ鷿һûˣ֪ȥѰĳ嶯Ȼ˷ϲ
ϲһ˵Ĳæǰ
ϲ˵Цһ󣬱óïݴزɹԣЩȥָЩǡ
ϲӦܳȥ󣬱Լԡ
̧ˮӼ޲ЦлָǰЩɹǴȥĺǳԣһߵлһ߽˹ӱ㶼˳ȥ
ú˸裬Ÿо׷ϲ£߸ʪ߲ʱ̧ۿһֹӡ
תͷ˺£⸱顣
ϲҧҧ´ı˵ģûס˵˳ﻹ֪ɣĪӵðǰҲˣ־סںǼ䶫Ժ
һΪĪȫѣû뻹иá
ҲˣЦЦϲ˵ĪֵãȻҪסģкβףοĪʱҲڸס
ϲû˵⻰˼Щ˼ֱ˵ˣЩ˵λĪСү糤̵ģƺСʱʶˣƽʱоͦ׺ӡ
ҳյճүߣԼøҲûôȺҶ˵ϲүү
￩һϲ˵ʲôˡ
̫֪ˣȻδֱ;˲ϲĻ
ϲɫЩ̫ÿˣԽ˵ԽСû˵ס졣
񣬶ʱоԼ˵ֱ̫ˣķǸæοĪѹЩ˵أ
񻺹ЦЦû£㲻ö롣ˣϢᣬȥɡ
ϲӦȥ˴ϣƲסĶ룬ջǻĻ쾢͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ϴȥСˣϼϲٸͷЩС˼ͱ˼ûˡ
ţţ֪ʱ˯˹ȥиֹ½Ļ治֣ͣѡ
ͻȻ͵ر˴ӱһѣԼһ¾ˤմһˮվۡȴ˲֪˭񿴲һҹȥȴһЦˡ
ٿ۾ŷԭǸΡһе
ûһЦ
룬ЦôģҲûˣӦþϲ˵Īֵˡ
Ժе˵үĪӡĪС㣬ɼˣ費Ҫţ
λĪС˵ñˣڸùˡ
˻£ĵԼǰ컽ˣ︹š
ӦڰĹߣתͷɳ©ʱĩˣʱɲǵóԹˡ
ŵүˣˣˡ
һ۾һæ˶᷿ȫţ֪Ӧǻ˯ţǰȥš
ĪסСˣȻ֪ôһλġ
һǴϢ˵ԭǴһѾ߳ڸֻΪүһˣҳ˵á
үϲҲرֵǲûͨ檣ڸĵλе㲻ϲ£ү軤ţҲӿ˵үˣһ¾ܻء
ЩĪ濴޷Ǹʸ֦˰ˡ
翴պãͼʣҲľǶϲҪôǣҲλʲôģϲµģ˿Ц
Լ͵ʲô֪ˣӻҪװһװġ
뵽⣬ĪСһЦ˵磬λǸ˶޳պõλ𣿡
˵ͷû̫⻰š
ȴоԼ˵㲻һζ֪ԼûûֵĸɲǸūʵʲôԼԭҲںģ⻰һΪе˵ǾͲˡ
ûôأƽ׾͸оԼȰ֣Ҳˡ
ֻǰеܵ˺
ͻȻоպҪӣɲһֱ׵סڸū澳ݼ޸
ҲӵԼһƬգɳ޵ҲӦиԼĵط
һжԼ˼С˼ԥҪҪȥţĪ˵үȴˡ
Ī泳µҲҪظ磬ò״Ӧ壬ǷŲ̸˵СһΪͻȻԣ
ĪֺһġȻذɡ
ĪֳĪ漸꣬Сʲô¶֮񱾼ҾֻʣһˣԽҲֻ߳߾ˡ
˽Ī֣ΪѣֿС˯ĳҲóˣҲ̫˵˾ȥ°ɡ
Ī泯ĪŬŬ죬̧žܽ߶ĳɵ鷿
˵ˣ֪ˣƵԼ˻ȥ
ȴҲ˯ˣȥģ֪˶ãñͷҲȥ
һᣬͣˣ뿪ĽŲ
۵Щᣬǿŵĳ嶯̵˭ϡ㣬˸á
Ƭ̣˵㶯ſȥиλεĶŷ˽ٲţ񶨾ϸԭõš
ۿžҪŪЩоҲǣҲǣֱ۾װ˯
žһ˲䱻˴˿žһŲ
΢΢һ죬Ѹһ£û壬Ϳһ˫ѥĸ
վڴ߾һ˲ض۾֪ǹװ˯֪ϷŪԼˡ
˵շأԼҲûǵӵ
ߣСһ£Ц˯˶ˣ
۾Ҳûһ¡
ҡҡļͷҧš
Ц£ϷŪԼֲ֪Ϊֻý˻ǣôòͺ֣
Ҳ֪ί۾ʪˣٿʵүǺ˭ȥˣôŻأ
ЦĪֵðǰˣ֮ǰĪѲ߾һֱûղŻأԽҺĪһȥתת֪أҪˡ
룬ֽ£ǺĪһͬһٵǸãĪ棬֮ǰһס˾˼ңĪ˵ҲҲ̫˳ġ
֪ĪݳסֽѰ
ŻСͷһڣ˵մ㣬ĪֱΨһˣδȥǰҲΣҲϤ
ڰ˺Ժסţƽͬͬ棬ҲԻ顣

 51 


ͻȻоԼеСǼˣȻĪΨһˣչŵҲӦõģǿ߲Ż˵ġ
ţҲɷЩ֪ˣȻĪֵãסڸȻǻᾡչ˵ģүıǡ
֪СǸµģˣȥ
񱾾ģŵϵľ֣ƾ˵үЩȥ˯ɣ˵
ҹ˯ɺã
ˣ˺óʱ·˵ɡ
û飬Ҳˣ£ָǺñҲطЪˡ

ڶգһˣ뵽ҹ˾ƣθﲻȥЩڵСˡ
ն˽ݣأԺЦ磬ˡ
ƤһתͿһʮŮЦ˽
Ž뿴λĪСӣƤ𪣬ٿΣرǳһ˫ˮĴ۾͸һ޹ĿɰһҼģ
Īݣһ۾ͿϾͷӦ˭û뵽ȵò飬ﲻһȴֺδԡ
һ˫޹Ĵ۾Ц磬λյλɣ
ԼݣǾǰȴˣЦ˵ĪֵãĪ棬㳤һ꣬Ӧý㣬ǡ
תͷĪ˵Ī棬պɽƣƽʱҲǺõġ
Īһ˫ۣͷЦſ֣ͷϥһ񣬽һ㡣
ȴڰģ۵ײɲһƼɫ
̧ͷһɰ޹Ľģ
΢Цŷһ£ǰһ񣺡Īá
ĪЦһ˵յһֺòˣ¾ŽˡҲʶɲԽ̽ң
˵Ҳ˵תԭλϣǰ˵һݾŵζζɣܳ𣿡
˵ȥһġ
Īգգ޹Ĵ۾Ц㲻İɣ
΢ЦȻĪȳԱǡ
ֻСӵƤ£ÿͷҲδ˵ʲô
ĪţЦ࣬㿪ʼ
Цұϳԡ
׺ӣǿЦЦתֽ˶
ΧԲŷԷʱ˵ĪһֱСʱȤ£ЦϣҲ΢Цţż䡣
׷£ڣԼǸˡҲ˵ʲô˼ں󣬱ʱˣǶλԣ˳ȥ
ס˵仰ֱĪסСʱĳ顣
䣬ֻݹϵ֪ӣҲδ룬̧ʱѲӰ
߳ûͻȻ뵽ԼӼҴղžʱժˣתȥȡ
ߵǰһ̧ͷͼĪ˵ʲôһŮĳģŲʱͶסˡ
һϵı֣ټǰ⾰֪ʵδԹʵ
ͷ£ۿᣬҲȡˣתݡ
ù緹ȥνʱ
θջأּ·ˣеһ㣬ԼȻҪ򲹻ġ
뵽ƹ⼸ŻæһʱҲڲ㻵Գһæ
ţ˱㿴ĪЦеĳ˹ǳȥ
ЦٲװˣҲ㳤ˣĳƹˣνԼҲЩ
ҲЦǣҪȥһˡ
ǹȥģ
ȥС
ʲôģ
ԼûҪߵ˼ͣסŲʲôУǸмĪڸţЩʵĲ˻ԣɺã
ĪЦҸȥɣҲȥתһת
ЩԼ˵ȥˣ˵ܸõ˦
Ī濴ԥȤѲɹﲻȥɣ˵Ҫʱҵġ
һߣô˵ˣĪֵϣˡ
ᣬĪСͬһɡ
񲢲˵۾£ĪȴʶҲֻòݲӦš
ˣô߶ĻԼڸʶүĸ
ڲм۾ҲĿԼʱе㷳ˣ̣Ӧصߡ
ŶĪһȻĵģڱǹȻϵҲǣôɷˣҲѹۡ
ŭʢװһ޹ƵģԭôHǰʾɫ
ЦһˣĪС㻹Ŭ
Ī濴ɣپ·磬ٻط䣬ͻȻ˵еˣֻס죬ĿһۣԹԵ
˸ۣҲ˳
Īҵȹʽ˵ȥɣȥʲôʲƷظҪա
Լ̧ˣһ仰Сɸˣ˶һˣɾͲˡ
Ī޺޵Ŀıֿ˿Χôˣֻܸȥ
ߵˮ̯Ȼһֳªˮ߶ĪæסűָҪž˰ɡ
˵С˿һ񣬼ͷֻӦӹš
ֿˮĴϺֳҪϺ
Īתͷ˵ҪҸһԣ౸˰ɣ㲻ʲô𣬲̫Ѱɣ
ҲδĪһ۾ˣôһҲãĪ˵ᣬĪС㲻ǽүǰ˵ѧ˵ôҽ̽㡣
ĪĵԼŲҪѧʱֻΪñ˵ĶѡŪ̻ˡ
뿪ھܾ˵ĪС㲻᲻ѧ˰ɣүϲֻŵж;ϵˣ֪СĪҪ˵Ҳ㡣
Ī漱æĸ˵ѧˣ
Цŵ˵ͷȻȸѧѧôջװ̰ɣ˵ĻҪ
Ī֪ڹԼӦֻ֪ܺ޺޵Ӧˡ
һۣЦЦٲתȥ㣬ЩͲˣСһϡ
˲ˣĪֳҪȥطҲˣۿ̫бŻ˸
ط׼򵥵ȹϵΧȹ㿪ʼ
ðȽɾȥճҺԼϺ
Ī汻ϵŰ֣Щݲջ£ŰѪˮĵֱ£ֲߣֻܼš
ȥĪСɫǲǺÿأֻרĵˡ
Ƚϸϸķ˿װֽ̣ϺȥȥţȥϺһڷŵĭ뱳СϹ
Ϻúϱõ̽һ֥ͺԼĽ֭ʱ硣
ζֱ̿ˮʵʲôʲƷѽ
Ϻÿһֻڷŵ룬һʢ˵ĻЦлϺ
ĪЦĵʲôϺѽǲɫζ̲סֱ̿ˮ
Ī¶һɱ̰鿴ϺƳһۣԼĲˡ
һֻǸˡ
վһԲͣ£оˣĪ潫˹㿴վԶһ½̵׵Ĳˮ͵ȫ͹
ȵ͹һˮʱзӯ죬ûļ֣ųһӽ۵ֱϣʱ˰ֱĴݡ
۵һʱҲ˲ֳֻһš
һŵĳϣĪСŵ㣬͹ҵģ
˵æܳȥҨһˮֱϡ
ŻЩ̧ͷĪ档
ΪĪС߳СӣƲԼѾݣҲүԼãڶԼˣˣƢһ¡
ûô͹Ҫݰʱŭģߵǰ̧־һӡ
Ī濴۾̧ҪԼæ˺һֵ̧סͷҿңңҶҪҸģô㡣㲻Ǹū澶ѣ浱Լˣм˼ΪҸ緭
Īֶ̧֣ʱͣ˰У뵽ıĪˡ
ǽִˣ֪ˣ˵ֵܼꡣ
۾ҧҧǷ֣Ϊǣˣֽ˵ַŻˮ
ĪһˣǵЦһΪȻĵΪǹģĶأһ˾㵹ȥأⲻҲΪ˰
ĪЦĪС㣬ûûôﵹˮɲҪŽġ
ĪƳһۣûûҾûôԺң۸ң
˵굹˶ίƵãȦҪᡣ
粵ˣˣȥɡ
ֻõͷˡ

 52 


ĪһĲҲˣҲˣ֣תȥ
صԺԡ־Ĵһ˿ղղȥṆ̀ЦЦֻظˡ
̵ֱֺףˮӯģоһҪƵã۵ϲֱᡣ
ϲ߸ҩ˵Ҿ˵ǸĪС㲻ǸǵģŻڶˣ֮ǰôβҲû¡
ЦЦͷοĪˣһͲˡպĪҪ˵ĪӺү֪˼мҲ
ϲ±ǶŲ˵͹ģǸģҲչţ̫ˣŸ㡣û߻үĪǰװ޹װ𣿡
Цϣϲˣⶼܿĳˣ͵˼ǵˣҪ׼żء
ϲʱߺΪЦ߻ȡЦ˵ģҪżˣҾҪŹһء
˰ֻû˵֣Цҿɲһӣ˼ԵҪµģҪ޳ȥ
ϲˣʡЦˡ
æϴˣˣٲˡ
ϲЦˣ˿ɴ߰ߴĽֹ
Һ˵֣Լ֫ҡͷ̾Ҫд֣ʱҲܶ񲻿ˡ
ϲЦҪү˵ﰮǮأ˾Ŷʵء
Ӱȡ֮еں˵ǮʲôãǮʱ٣
ϲ͵Ц˾ЦһӣҲûôˡ

ʱУĪһ˸˶Բ
ҲûĪˣοֺЩЦŹȥ񣺡Ī
Īб۳ԼĵԼŵѽ˼վأͻȻ硯־ЩвˣĽеĪӣòˡ
Īֲ֪Ϊθ˳ƺ֮ǰԱõĳƺţȴͻȻô룬еƵģЩʧ䡣
ϻЦӦһװ»˸Ȼ
Ҳˣһֱùţ¡
Ī濴˵£ȻҲˣ͵ʲôҲûһĪֺм䡣
֣һģЦôҿ²ʽϵĳ
Цû˵ԷʱͲֻ࣬Ī̸Ц
ĵĪˣһ˵ЦһῴĪֻҳʱĶͬʱЦźɿɰ
˫޹Ĵ۾ƣһģ˵Ϊѧջ𣬽˴̵ʱͻȻоյװţҲ˵ģɵðЦ¡
оվЩ̫ģһ϶ϸĹעЦЦΪ뵽ʲôĵ£סָĲҽһ
ļصֶ֣۵ɫ˲Ͱˣ亹Ҳ
Īֻæͬʣôˣ
Ī濪˸˵ͷϣͱĽˣĪֹеĶȥעˣ
ĪΪѣǰ£Ի£̧ͷŶ΢Цû£˵ˣղŲСˣ³԰ɣĪĲˡ
ſɴ֣Լû֣׽ϸ
۵һаûطţץһƿ֣Ҳ˵ûү³ԣ
һ˾һ㶡
ĪˣôԴ磬żò֪ߵغˣ⸱Уʧ˳衣
ʶڣԼʧ̬æѹѹĻ𣬶ʩһ񣺡үˡղŲǳ̫ˣһʱûס
Ī濴ˣ˵ɶԱ񣬱Ҳǹ㣬㡭
סڣ
ĪֿĪ棬ȵ
ĪʱȦĪ֡
û˵޷ܵˣ
Ī棬ʱŵԼһۣתͷЦЦҲС͸ˣ޷үġ
תͷĪЦ°ɣһ˽գ񲻰װˣ
Ȥ֪ذǰţԼҲʲʲôģȥ
Ī΢ü˿ֻ֣Ҳˡ̬ҪƽʱЩͻȻӿһָоǲ˵֣
תͷĪ棬޹ĻԼ־Լˡ
һᣬſ볡ˣЦջûЪҾͲ˵ЦˣãȻطϢˡ
Ī֪˺û˼ˣϯԳΪҲͶɢˣֻĪ滹û˵ˣ첻ӡ
ĪһᣬԼ˶᷿
Ī濴뿪Ǹ𣬻ô
˵Īֿ̫µãҡҡͷպ뷨ڸﳤסҪѧء
һΪȻ̵̫ܽӣʵ˵¿ɺйأ
Ī͵۾ίΪ˵Լ˵ΪСĲŪ˵ģҺθɣΪҲҲôģҲã
˵ͺȦһȻģ
ĪֿҪޣĶʱˣͷˣû˵Ϊ㣬ֻǵʱҲڣһʡ
Īֿһۣ˵߰ɣȥϢҲˡ
粻˵ȵһ𣿡
ٻء
ĪЩżҲҪһ
ĪͣסŲתڲСʱˣҪעִ磬ĪҪʱʱ׷ˣˡ
Ī漫ԸġŶһĪֳݣ˵Ļȴ˿Ϊ⣬Ŷ᷿˼ۣ㬵ȥ

Լݣͷ˵үôˣȥĪ˵
׽ɴС֣ʵԼ˵ģ˵ҿ
Цүֲҽʿʲôء
үȥɣ£ˣЪЪͺˡ
һӣվһߵϲԼ˵ģ
ϲһۣʹ˸ɫСصǵģү
˵Ŀأ
ֶҡҡͷ
ϲ죬һ٣˵ͦصģ涼ˮݣӯģƲƵӣԺˣֻأ
üڨڨЦЦĪ˵СӾͰء
ûĻתͷϲ˵ð߽ŽѰõҽʿ
ϲЦүȥ
ЦЦûүȻذɡ
£Ϣᣬҽʿ

 53 


и˵ҽʿܴŽ˸ֱȥѰʱҽʿ㵽ˡ
Īÿӣ룬Ҳ˽ȥ
һǰһݣһɵ˻ӭ˷θ
Īֿһؿ֪סңŲһ٣ǰ˼ͣһԡ
ҽʿϲңһݸߵӣһ°ɫŻľվڴߣ֪ӦǽڶݵСүˣæǰߵ
ضȸ֡
ҽʿ̧ͷһ۴ϰ뿿ɵĽС㣬֬Ļϸæߣߡ
СĽϲɴ⿪һֻ֣һ뼡ѩһѺһƬļ۵Ϻ죬Ա˴˿֮ġ
ϸϸ鿴£˵ҺõʱˮˣûƤȻôƤ٣»˽ء
֣Ŀģ۵ĲУһҽʿĻͷһæʵֿɻ£ɻ̣
ҽʿֶ˵үģС㵱ʱüʱδ˼
˵ִԼҩȡһľУϲŵϼµطƵר˵ҩֻ࣬ҪÿͿĨΣڼҿҩϼС׼ڼھãҲ̡
ŷģ΢Цŵ˵ͷˡ
ֳվſڵŽ˸ɫŽĽдȥҩָ
ĪֿҲ̶õ֣Ĳ٣ȴֻ˵ˣΪ³˵ô
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˵ͷֶϲһĪһݡ
ڶһ磬ϲȥҩҲͿҩ֪æҩˡ
Ī˵̵ϰҽʿˣһ溦״һֱ顣Ҳ˼գȥ鷳ˡ
Ҳ˼찲ӣҲһþͿʼֲӣʱʵ̲סˣɴĴĴ
оԽţעԽϣҵתע
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Цѧ˸أУͿûѧˡ
˵ѽ⼸Ҿϲ⼸ˣɿˣǺˣ²裬һζɾͲһˡ
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ȴ˸һ£ǾЩϺܶ඼Լģ򲻵
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ȻһЩ˼꣬Īʧȥġʼ˵ѧգѧ֮ǰ֪Ҫס˵ģס˵θ˰ɣ
֪һδ޵Ĺôʲô֪˵ԭα¶ģЦЦʵĪΪѧģԼǵôϸ
Īüһ㡭
ͻȻ˶٣תЦת˸Ǹſ߿˵Һ͹ǲһģĴСб硢ңѧЩҲֻΪ˹ĺͱǰˡ
⻰ЦЦתۿó԰ڵʲļؾһ
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Ī֣תϵӣȵ˵Ǳҵѽϲӣ˵ҪңҾˣ˺üգ
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ʵӱǶֵǵֻ˾ʱΪļ˼֮꣬
ȥʱߵҲʱҲֻһƽʱһֱϣһδȥȡˣ㽫ӵ¸ˣȴϡ
Ī渧еѿɫԽˡ
뵽ԼԿʲʱһ֪ģϾʹϣԱѳڿⷿȡ˸ҲûӦˡ
ĪоԼҲȫˣҲˣҲԲ˸Цˡ
ȥıûôŭĹҲˣת˷˼װ˸ȥСԺ
ƹַʣˣЦˣ˵أһ붬ѩ·ϲߣҿǰҲֻһλˣܴҴø籸õӣȥïϻ
ͷţƹ֮ԣ㿴Űžǡ
ƹЦӦˡ
룬ʵƹݵˣ·в԰ӣһ̫󡣡
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˵ͷôСҲˣ֪ڳڻǳ⣿鷳ƹİҴȥû
ƹ˵ڳǽǵԶλòƫƧҽȥһʣţ
ЦŵлæţԼȥ˺Ժ
СԺ˰գ续˷࣬Ͽ˻飬ۿʱоԼƽĲˣ˸

 54 


ظ֪ѳȥжˣʱ˻δ飬ЩģȥѰ߳žͿˡ
æȥӭʵŻأȥˣ
ЦЦֶվߵŽ˵ͷڵȥСԺ˻ᣬүæţһЪˡ
˵˴ţ᷿ȥ
ŽȥıӰС˵үҿе㲻̫ԣˡ
һۣתҲ˴ţҲ᷿ȥ
ŽһĻֱ죬ĵСүģһʱֱҡͷ
ݣϲȥЪˡ
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Ҳ֪ôˣνͺԭŴĿԼˣҲԼˡ
֮ǰٯٯȺȼ̿𣬾ȥ
ߵ󣬴Ӻ汧סʣôˣҲͱ˵仰
˶٣תƿָָһСʣ΢Цүǣл˵
һģֻ˹ȥ
ЦЦ˵үҲ֪ҵģֱϲŭȫϣвҲزסҲأԽлҲֱ˵ˡ
ЩʱգΪԼԭȽϴȥСԺסգԼ飬ʡڸү˵ĪĪֿˣΪҹأͽû˼
Һү˵һұʰȹȥˡ
˶٣ֽ˵ҹգһҪȥïһˣҲڸ̫ġ
˵ĻһʼоЩ죬תһʲôˣڸԼʹСӣٲùȥοʲô£Ȼ֪ԼǸزסµģ˵ҷкλ˵ģ
һƿ뱧Լ޷ͻȻ˸
үĪҪٻ˵ˣһδޣһվͲүޣ̧һ˫ŭ
ֿʼԼˣɵü㲻ϲҲ˵ǣ˺£ôҪҳߣ
񱳹ȥžԼڷͻȻɤӣҶ˵ˣѵԭ鲻ãΪ˲үȥ
ĬƬ̣˿ǴżίڶСʵΪĪ棿ԴˣǱĴ⣬һʱû̫עִ硣ΪСʶ֮Īֵԭʣ׺Щ㲻ˣպעǡ
ֻãһί۵ͻȻӿһ⣬æŤһԡ
һ˺󣬿ڶɴᣣ˵ү׺Щ⣬ҿĪҲ֡
ľүԼĶιҵĶȥֺñˣүһ𣿱ˣ
ͷ㻹ΪСǼˡ
ˣ˵Žľһӣ֪ţŲ˵ģүҪʡ
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ˣĪҪϾˣû塣˵
˵֪Ҳá
ȻڸסôģȥסգҲǺõġ㿪ڵڸﲻģȥסձȻʵġ
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оԼһֱ޷ץСģ׾ٵľ뿪ԼԼҲ벻ġ

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һԺͿܵʤǾľŻ嵥Ӵž졣
뵽ˣҲδŹ٣ʹūҲûô÷ģʱ
ǾŸż٣ԼСԺסţԼҲܷ㡣
ܵʤһЦӭˣӵʺˣø˵˵
Цŵ˵ͷҲʾ
ȥˣ԰ûȥִ£ƹ˵¼ӣٸЩ
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ЦƹĪҪ˵ҴıԼĻأǻţĪҪ̫տʼֻϢձǡ
ܵʤЦ˸ҾҲƴǣӦˡ
պͲƹһʣֱŸԽϵĻԼȥ԰ӵʱ󣬲ƹ˼ңҲԼĺԺ
ݵʱϲƵƣһƣǰ硣
߿ڵס񲻰װױˣүദ񲻸ˣ
۾ţЦЦܲˣҲûãͿүԼˡ
ϲ죬ﲢǺֲ֪ͬ˵Լ뷨˾䣺ﵹǺš
ЦЦδţػһܶ鿴ףĿˡ
Щǿ󲻵ãõʱһúϧʱû⣬ҲǷԹþۺɢˡ
ϲ˵ˣǷ񼢣׼
˵ûθڣֻǰЪˣϲȥˡ
ɵϣŷ²ߺȣϴλԳˣý𣿡
һµĵôˣֿһ⻹Լĵ
ˣҲܲýֻӦ
һ㿴һݡ
һĴţޣ˵ﲻУʲôϵƵġ
վſڿһۣʵүôˣ
ԼģҲȤϣ̲Ļ˾䣺ţһۡ
үҲˣظȥɡ
ûĻԹԵĵ˱Ա裬Ъһߡ
򴽣ȥóһ˱һԿ
һ¾ֻʣºȲͷҳ
һᣬûҪߵ˼̧ͷһۣûЪ
ҲûƵá
񰵰˷ۣ뵽ʱԷͻθʹʵû
ûøɴࡣ
ɼ
ܼˡ
ߵǰǱʣĲ裬һãүظȥ
̧ͷһֿۣĲ豭û֨ｫóٴε˲裬
֮ǰûܣֻ֪ǷǸƤû룬ⷽҲǸ
һʱЩԿǫǫӵˣЩ޼ƿʩִܲɣҲķ
ֻε˻ȥȥһһĺŲ衣
֪θëոȲ񲻸θʹ
ʵںĲȥˣȥ˳
ųеĲˣһ˹
˶ȴֻʢһ뷹ԹԳţҲȥ
һһۣ죬Լȥȡ꣬ʢ뷹˹
գסûԼЦ

 55 


ĬĬĳһᣬ˵˵ڿһҴӦʱûпʲ֪ģ֪ġ
в˵ֶ˶٣̧ͷһۣΪ½ͣջеҲһ룬˵˾䣺ˣǸѰʲˡ
Ѱ㻹ôҳߣ
Ҿɢɢ!
һӲ˷Ž˹ĳһᣬһڷ˵ãҹ㡣
үһҪˣǻܽҳ𣿡
һۣδţֶ꣬˿ڣϴӻȡһ飬ԹԵĿ
бһɤӡ
һºŵʣϾ͸оַʽԵԼ̫ˣƽ׵˼ֻۣôͷ
Ҳȥһϲꡣ
ϲݣһϲæ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ顣
ϲЦЦգۣæʰȥ˳ֹš
ЦСӳˣһʲôӡ
תͷһϵ˵үظҲˣҲˣҪ˯ˡ
е飬̧ͷЦҽҹס⡣
һ˫ү룬ûүסݡ
Ӳ齣ô鷳ӣ˯ͺá
˵ϵұһҹˣȥ˯ɡ
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һһOO@@ݵĵ漴Ҳˣӳװ
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͵Ц˼ſڴ˫㣬ǲãѹկ˾ͽϳ㣬ҲȥѰѽ
Ƥһѹڴϣ㵨ԽĴˣ뷨ôʰ㡣
ĿֱЦȥĴġֵʱϲ˵ƹˣַأ˵Լõġ
񡮰ѽһԼÿ԰ӵ£֪æ˵ãȵһᡣ
վŪҵʵ£
к£ǳȥƹĳЩʲôƷ
ţ㵹Ǹܻ§Ǯİӣķˮġ
һŽҲ֪˭ͬء
̿СһףЦҵʲôȥˣ㡣
үյĲ鸮˶ģ
Ķ࣬ѰźˣĪġ
ţŸæϴװȥַѰ˲ƹ
˵˼仰˳ǣڳǽԶһ԰ǰ˳
̧ͷһ԰Ӵͷҵǿҡ԰˵ͷ԰Ǻܺ⡣
ƹ԰ӵˣһλͷ׵ߣǰ˸߻ຮ䣬㱻԰

 56 


һ԰ţͷŵĶ໹һŴϷоﲻԺ󲻵ɹŷϢʷʹãһ߿ţһš
һʯ̳ɵ࣬ӯӯ䣬߹ȼһɽֺǰ˵߸⡣
ɽһ̫Ĵһ͵ƽ̹ʯ·Χţߴҡҷḷ̌ӳ
һˮ鿣ͨߡˮܴаĿɵѩͤһʯĸʯģɹϢ
ǳ԰еľ¡ȥ԰еᡣ
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ǳ԰ӣ̸Ҫļ۸ȻӦպɽӡ
ϲЦտٴεлǡ
԰ӵʱ֪ԼҲܽס԰ӿ־ϧ˽䣬ĸ׹ס
סôõ԰ӣæƴǣЦĸװ԰ӣӦˡ
ԽԺ󣬿Լðĵһҵˣ˷ܵС
ʡҪ룬ʵûס԰ڵĳ嶯Ҳ԰ӡ
֪԰ӺеƲ֣ܸоСΪԼ̺·ƵģϴĲ⡣
Լ˷ܵ˵ʲôáʲôʱо԰ӼȻôģҲͲԸˡ
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رģûĵ˵ʲôʲôˡȻֻ䣬
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һŽƳƳүСˣҪծˡ˻ûӣ֮ǰдӼ强Ǯ԰żۣǮĺܱˣԼȫͿԡ
强ǮӸ֧ӡ
ҲŲү԰ӣҪԼ򡣡
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׹ĵطҲЦˡЩ

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Ӧˣһ뵽ȥЩ˳
룬ǾûĲԸ׽Ǳʹ
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ү˵а˿ܺǲ񣬿һ˻δ飬ģҶЩ˳ӭӭ㡣ЩˣΪԷһҴܵݾڸפıء
˵ӻͳ԰԰ڡ
ȥã·Ż˻һҺ˵үĺãɱˡ
Ƴһۣܱܲһ죬ү˵ûҶ䶼ˡ
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Сһְ죬ϲڱſЦ
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ЦûУұλ۵ֳͻȻ˻죬ϲˡ
һ䣬ƲסķЦŽ𾹸ЦסĲӱҪ˶ʱֳһš
ǺƵЦҲֵĹЦЦ̧ͷ죬յҲڵһͨ͸ûһơ
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Ҫ˵ЩʱϸڣǰŽͽͻȻľͣ˵ЦҲ̸Ž˷״̬
ԴӼʶϴδȺܺ󣬶״̬˽⣬һȫ֪ǳʲô쳣ɵҲתܿ˿
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Ž˵ͷҸоܱ춯ƺӦò١
һ־ķɣĪɣ
Žû֨Ϊˡͷ԰οȴһ˷Žʱһߣʣʲô飬ôз˻˷ˣ
Уգ۷˵ү˵Ǹķɰɣ
Ž˵ܱܲѻʱͻȻʹ·Եֺ󡢲ݴѹѹӿˣȥнǧˣԼߣмҲֻ١
ǰŽԴǰ
Žֱƿ֣ңҾ뿴ĸɡ
ŽǲɵǰƲٺˡ
һע⣬ܵǰ档
񿴵Ⱥ˵Ķǰվһʮĸߴˣο࣬ɫڣüۣͻĵ⸱Ӣòȫɢֻ벻ߵ档
һˣ׼Ǹû
оɵʱŽ˹һѰ󣬡˵ӣܲһ¡˳࣬ˡɱˣ󣬱ǰһѰʱȲȻűȥǵפ
ҲأôֵܲǶأӣأ
һŮ˽ʲô,Žż,˵㲻ߣôȥҵǱ㣬ǽ˷ˣҲǻ
Ƴһۣ㿴ǸŮھǸ˰ȻҪ㲻ȥˣҲָʹ㡣㿴󰡣ǵΧȦأڲߣһҲûлˡҾֻܶţһӮûᶼûУ㿴Ű졣
ŽֱҧСû취ˡүûа취οҲϻˣҪҪֱӸߣ
˿ܵˣо̫ԣ˶ܲȥۡ
ҳ⣬Ž޺޵ıԹҲգҿȥأҪԼ
˵ͷúãġȥȥš
ŽҲ˵ͷȻȥǻδΧϵĿ˳ȥ
һŽ˱֪ȥȱˣ֪ԼѲڣսȺŶԷ
ŽһǱİȫϲߵߣ󣬶µʿս״̬
ձ󣬾Էһ˳󺰵λôţϴδôֵܣһҲܣҪүɽ˷ˣңɣҪȫǮ¼ʣµǹ
⻰˼ƺ˫֡ͷȥϸ
˵ӡ󣬾ϴνٻʱǹ˵죬ǲУĸˡ
Ͷ˴׵Ѱˡ
ĵزôͱķ˽һˣҪҪѲɲɣ
ߵ󣬸˵˭˵ͷȻҲϳ
Ī£֣صֵǾƴҲᱣ㰲ȫ
ҡҡͷˣǲΪҡΪƴûҲǮҪ̫࣬ʱֵܾܵܣùҡ
Ǻλǳǳڷģڣ
һʱҲ˵ˣתȥ𣬾ǸߴڵˣһּΪ˵ôûǴѽǰλ˵»ͼ˰
ӣûӦһүүڣǲɣձ׽͹ٸȥͣ㻹ô񣡡
ŭЦϣǰүүģţ㡣ͳˣ

 57 


ĵԭɰѹѹƣɲģٲ֮ǰƵľôȤˡ
оǰҲû˵ġеôôôˣһĹ
ſʼЩˣ֮ǰڴ᲻տʼǹ˷ܾûˡ
˵Ҫˣͷһݣ˵е㲻
䴩ԽսҵȴδѪȷĳ棬Ҳδ˵ҪҪˣʼе־
ȲԼҲöԷǵͽŵֵǰɱʱһƬհףһѾ˼ֻĿš
ֳĺɱǹɱһ
ϲŵֱ£޵£ǲɣ
ϲһŻ
ͷŴźսϲתͷΧ˴һȺȻӿһĪо
ѪڣͻȻͲٺˡЩͬиĸֵܵΪԼΪҲҪս
һڵֵļص£Ŵʹ-ĴȱһͣѪЩѣΣеŭ
ƾŷŭǹɺݾһӾʹڵһװϣվڻϣһˣ
ס֣ˣ
ɱ죬ûУΧ˿ûӰ죬ɱš
һʱŭ³óһͭ˳첲\'\'þȫ£ɣ/Ķˣ˵
Լû󾹱˴ֿڣͽ˫Ȼͬʱס֣Ŀ
һвãһʱûסȥиôȥôү
δţֹȥץһ߿֣۾ֱֱĶɡ
̧֣ͣͷǸվڳԼˡͷߣССƤϸۣһ˫۾ͣţ˲ʵʵ
ֿ˿ϸĲ˳ɨظ˫СţۺϹ۲죬ǸŮװСӡ
ڼһ׼ɽկҲйŮװСĵһۣͶ϶ǸŮӣһǸŮӡ
ɺľЦˣüѰζĿһ˲תͷԺֵ˵λСֵңҲǸİǺǣҪˣ
ָĻȫЦ
лһ˺СֵܣܱҲĸ˭֪Сɵģ
һЦ
裬תǰŴ򣬽һҲҪ͵һֹͭ࣬ǡ
תͷɣղ˵Ļ˿Ϊ⣬ЦЦ˵ղǵѣðˡʵҾ밲ĸ˵仰ѡ
۽ǣУȻôеǲͬұ
񿪿ڵ칫ӵĴжŹģٸƶӢۺúרܼЩƶİգ˵ʱʵǷǳģΪǸ
˶٣ЩԵõı飬ЦЦŵû֮ǰ뷨ռ֮󣬸оҲˡ
ɹЦȴۣɫҲȥ
⻰ˣǰһ磬ʲôѽֱӡ
ɰ˰죬ֶ°ͣʾ
ŵǽٸƶȫΪ˰գǣֻȡǮƻͺãȫǣΪҪˣ
һָֻ֣ŵ˿-˵ѵǲǰգǲΪȲģʹǣǵˣĸΪˣΪȲ˿ܵģ
ȴŽٸƶĿںţİõɱӡͳһ㣬ҾƲǣ
ɵʱȥϵЦ⣬ҲҲʼﲻŽ
ȴԽ˵Խ£˿ûо־壬뿪ʼл͵һͭ࣬һȫס죡
һһʱס־
һû˵أ˵Щص㣬˵Ļ˵ԺɱУϤ㣡
ѰζĹ˹ǣһ˿⡣
ͽ䶼ϵľٶˣ̧ͷעһʱ֪Ǻá
ϲҲֹס˿ޣһŵĳ
һӺݾ˿Ǳֱݵˣ̸޲гʹޡΪǱŰ޵һϮƣɱӣǵİΪϣ̤
ʹǵı걥ս֮࣬ʮҾſաп϶Ҳ亦ˣЩҲ˵ҲǶ֪ģ
Զǰ£ֵռʱջٰյĲһǧˡǣһǴжȥΪսر߽ҰգȴԼҵֵܽãǻñƵǣ
˶٣˵ǵΪжٲͬЩʱ򣬿ҲīˣˣǵĸĸֵܽжΪɱӶȥģ
ΪˣԵһһڣǵݵˮţΪβͶұ߽޷ҰհȴɱεȻƣ
ڳзˣ˿̶װٲƷŵһŪɫоĵȥ׷תͷɡ
һ˿Цһ˫۷Ĺ⣬Ҫ͸˵ǡ
ӭͶļĿ⣬˿û֮⣬˵ȴ
ҽոҸ˵ЩΪ֪ǲ׼֮ͽһѪģܼðյϾͿԿĳݳ֮ͶЧţ֪ȱľһᣬھôһᣡ
үȥµεĽڶʹһһֱŬøӿ񣬴ǿѻΪǼ⸳˰ùٱ߱ЩҲӦš
֪ʹ֮ǰĹٸιٸүڵݹٸҲ֮ǰֻΪһ˽ڲ˵Ĺٸˡ
ү˵ܼ֮£ǳڴļĴΪǳţǣӭǣҪģǷ𱣼սȥΪҵҫ鹣
򾲵ɨÿһˣм֣֪Լѳɹһ룬ջĿ⣬ֱԼɣĿ
ߵⷬ𾪳̶ȲȺˣ뵽ƽտһСӣ˵ʶܶȺ׼ķˣ˵һسĵĻ
˶ʱͶء
ܵʤ̹ݵˣ۽硣
ɴ˿̵಻ν𶯣һΪЩԭȴѪֿʼ
һ룬ΪŮˡ
η壬Ȼ´ʵģͻȻ©˰ġη塢ЩѹŮˣԡ
ɵЩͻȻĪľ͹Ц
ǴЦЩĪһʱò׼ôˡ
оԼղ˵ĻͦõİͦĵİȺ˸ˣһԶЦʲô
Цһ˵ã˵̫ˣ
ǲֵǣתȥЦ,˵ǲǺܺãǲҲ
˷׷׵ͷ˵ǰҲģΪǲ
̧֮ڣһʱ־ת˵˵ЩûǰǾˡ
ǹٸףǲƲֵܣƭȥҪһ򾡣Ǵ˶ֵܡ
еĹٸһͷԶҲԲĶǣֻ֪һζѹգѹ֬࣬ȥͶǱޣҲ䣡
ͷһݣ֪Եʣֲôʹ޹ٸء
ף˵֪ѵζݺʹ࣬ˣүɱӦҲ֪ġ
үᲢۣүһ࣬԰Σ˶˵Ǹֵεˡ
ЦҡҡͷеүӣôǷˣƾʲôǣҲץǣǹȥ
һ˵һ˸Ķ:ǣǸɱˡ
⻰һڣܶƱ˳޵Ļ䣬ŭɫĽкţǣƾʲôٸ˶ǺöšֵǿɻǵǴε°ɣٲܱǹƻˡ
ڷֿʼȺ鼤

 58 


֪ΪʲôôʹޣͲιٸԭ󣬸оֻһζĽʵҲõģοԽƻҪүǣͷһҩ
ͭ࣬֡һ£ֹ̧˷Ҿ
ãǵĵҲ⣬ȻտƾǲţǺãԸǴһġ
ŹָɣģҾ͸칫ӡעҵɸҶģ
һڣ𡢽䡢ƹֵȫˣ׷׳ֹ
ϲżϲһŵĿһֱŲԣЩδţֻ°ͣɣ֮⡣
Ⱥȫɡ
СĴָ˹ѣٺһЦð˵Ҫʲô
֪ǵĹǣҪĵľǡΣǸ׻Ầֵǣɶȥүƭ㣬㵱ɱңһһɸҶģ
һ˵꣬ŭɵʧӲɣ㲻֪ˣƻǳ֪ʲôġ
˵ǰȥץסĽҪ̧߿֣һۣзִ磬ǹܡ
˵СﵨӴˣȴû뵽ôᡣǰŲһ
ȰӸץģް취ʱͻȻΧЩ춯ӦŽ˻ˣԷһЩ
ԼҲ׷׵ҡͷ첻ɶԺȥǸףһӵĳο˶࣬ʱҲþɱܣСӵҲûֵǮ
κ˵ֹδţֻܶɣѧüЦɣɸҶģӮˣֵպٲˣպǶͶЧңҫ鹣ɸΪպǰ;һѣ
֪ڼԼ򶨸ԼĵСηԵЩղܵĸо
ԼҪˣҪݽȥˣҪСˡ
ֵ̧סһ벻ģЦðѽ
ͷһϲֿǵɵŻЩˣʵ棿
һЦôˣҶˣ
Ƴһۣ򶨣˭ˣ㲻ң
ɱС̼Щ˷סĵͷЦããϲҪһиӦҾͶԸȥһӦĻˡ
ʡ
һֻ۵β˹ʳָֻ㣬κ
һ̾ʶȻŻأЩԥ
ɴЦôֲˣˣȥˣҿȥȱͬҲˣҲˣǻǿɡ˵ô࣬ΪʱȾȱ
Ŷ׷תͷܡ
Žŷǵפ˻ֽЩȦŰΧˣھγ˸ͬԲ͡
ŽԼɫԼҪˡ
һ˾ȱµ˵Ҳ˲
ڷһ̾Ϊ˵ôֱĵĻΪʱ䣬һϵƭĸоǷֿʼһҪƴ
һҪ䣬ϳֹס֣˭ܿ򡣡
һһֱԼɣ°ͣ˭˵ҲˣȱֻΪԾȣֹˣɲܵģŵĶԼȻЧ
˵ָŵŵ˵ˣԼӵҽʿ˵ҽʿҿ˵ͦصģ鷳ǰϣֹѪ
ҽʿŴӾлæȥ˵ĵֲ·ˡ
ɨһ¶ԷˣҲкܶ౻ѪֵģʹŤ
ùָЩ˵㣬㣬㡭ǶУȥҽʿ˿ȥ
Ⱥ˽һ㶣Ϊˣ⻹ͷһҪԼ˿ڵĶ֣һʱЩ֪롣
Ƿ׷׿ɣɵ˵ͷǱҲһȳһյҽʿȥ
ֽһ
֪ܶ㣬Ҳ㲻ȥ
һŷԼʵҲˣֻǷ̫ûо
ɲйԼĵһѡ
ץȥ֣ЦЦʾû¡
ܹסϲοĪ£ûµģС
Žδ´ʵģֻڸ¶ԼĶ֪ǸСأǸðֱӿߵĺá
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Žļ٣үȥܣ
ûҲҪȥ
ˣŽˣϱʮ˻ˣǰʮء
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Žεҧгݣֻۿ˹ȥ
ߵǰ˵ɣ
Ϊÿһ·ıЦ˸ƣ˶٣ǰ˹ȥ
վһô£˿ԶȺʵ¿˵˰ɣǶˡ
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˵ֶ¶Ƭᴵ˿
ƬĽۼʱһϸϸļƤëվ
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ĿһϺһôģָоܣƻ˵ģƳһۣҪ˵
Цˣǣء
һ㶣ΪԼˣĵôҪˡ
ŭĿʹӣҲû˼صġ
ǰһͦͦʵţҾͿ
תȥ޳ܣ˭Ҫ㣬ҵ֡
ɹЦ
תͷŭĪҪЩûõģк˵˵ߡ
Цͷ᣺֪Ůˣ󱳵ʱ򣬾͸о˺ĲӦذɡ
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ŭ߳θɣ¾˵¾㡣Ҫ
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֪ǿ𤽺㲻תҪȥ
ߣҲȥүݡ
ٿתŭթ޳ܣҪô
ɿģЦȢ㣬ʲôҪǱٲǱҪжپ
˵Ƥ֪߳ܣ񶼲֪˵Щʲôˣǲ֪ôԸƤ
ɿŭģԽɰȤˡ
㷽ôĵӣվ濶´ʵģţ֪һ·ж˼ҶŵСɫĵģ
һۣҲŲ㡣
һּζڴʵΪΣĵŲ£
̧ͷһģȻ̲סЦ
ĵδôƤأĺܡԽԽЦЦ
ԶȺЦ֪˺£׷תͷۿ
ŽӦûµӣ˿
ҲЦˣô˵ôȤԸ˵𣿡
ЦҲ˵еѡҲ㣬Ϊ֪ܼðգǸĻˡĵˣʲôµġ
ܶңϲ㣬ܼģȢ޺ֻһˣ檡
ģϱ鼸Ҫ鴤ˣǿûŭĳ嶯޺޵ʣܱôҪپֻ⣬ȥȥү𲻲ҵݣҪˡ
˵תߣٲ࿴һۡ
ˣӦˣҾȥ˵
ٴͣסŲת˵
ɻһЦ̧ͷŽǺҹˣҪԴȥү̸У˭ҲҪţҿ˾㣬Ҿɱ

 59 


һ˭Ҫˣ
ЦˣôˣҶʲô¶ģҰȫ֮ǰǲôġ
˺ڲ¶ȱ˵˼˵ûŵģǸͽӡصһЩܲˣܵľԶ
ɿһԸӣֲ˾䣺ҲǣЩٸˣֻһ˵үֵΣҾһ˴ȥ
ˣȥɱ˻ȥɣô
ݺһۣթץס㣬һʱ֪Ǻá
ŽϸоףҪѰɵ˸סˣ˫ʼ
ɿһĵ⻵Ц㿴ǾͿҪˡ
ҧҧ´ȴֲ÷ᣬֱգƻƤ޳
ЦˣЩ㶼ˣҲã
֮ԱǣҵĻô죿ҵ˲ǻȥ
ЦȻҸƣĻ˿ͨУǴֱӻؾͿɡ
ӹƿ˿ǸͨľƿһЩʶֶѣƲƲ죺ô𣿡
аȻá
Ƴһۣת˻ȥ
еСС⣬ӽǸڵĿˡֺٸ˵ʲôƺǺܲӡ
˺ܴ˵ͨŽֲֻεĴӦˡ
˿һɫŽЩģֶһ䣺˫ڶ࣬ɱ˭ռˣأүԸձ಻ǽɱԲȸ߸ɵ¶˺󣬵үٴ
ŽЩԼܸ㲻ɣҪС棬СƢ֣ȰִգܴգҲûɫһۣ˵ͷ
ļ˵Ϊˣлˡתͷ˵ϲˣչ˺
˵ͷӷġ
ϲοƵЦЦֿߵˣЦŵ˵ͷǣѩȥ
ŽС˵˾䣺ģһںβű㡣
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Ц˫üÿɷ
ʳָŴߴһڣ˲ͿƥӲݴӺ˳ȫɫֻһưë˳ɵ࣬ͷǡ
˳ɣϲͷֶ࿴ۡ
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ˣ֪Ҫ˵ЩҪĻ߲ˣ
ⲻҪȥЦˣԲԶķȺ˵ֵǲõģȥȥͻءߣȻɽկϢ
ȺɱȭУɨһһǵĽͲƹתŽ΢΢һЦȥ

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;ϢʱɳȤʱܷЩʱ䶼ü˼ΪڵԼ˵칫ӲõģҵֵǮóĵģ˵үžͿţֻܷġ
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ɹƵĲպ㼲ٻصݣʵ
֪ˣԼýɵ˵ģ³ç
ֲʲôΪľֶڻŽţӦǳʲô¡
֪ŽҲˣͷͰݣүСܣˡ쳣ƻβ󣬲һʹŹûӰˡ
һŭģİŽͷμô
үϢŭæ˵ﶨµġСĸŵգɶԹΪ಻ֻһ׿𻰣Ͷ֮ģ˺¡
ϣ⻰ܳ嵭ĽǺ͵ǣҲܼЩεθˡ
һȭ˵
ŽվүģʹȥңѱݣҲѹ
ɣҡҡͷ˵ɱԲҲҪǽĵȥѰɻ
֪ʵˣʡ
ӣӦǲ֪Ž϶˵
˵ͷٸƭԹٸ˲¼ĺءϸǰģǸоȫǲӦġȾ䣬տɡ

 60 


ɴ˦Ž󲻾ãҹֶԼôʺĻĽҰ⣬Ҫ˵һ㶼Ǽٵģֲֳй˵ֻӲǰС
ɿ˿ϵǣʱͷ񣺡𣿡
û˵˵أ
ЦЦˣҹϢɣ⻹иɲݣƽ
⣿ǻĽҰѽ᲻ʲôģЩǵʡ
ɻͷһμӵӣſɰˣǿЦһĺ˵˵УҲû취ǰԶأ˵һҲҲסĵطպһҹɣֻҪҲҰҲ˲㡣
͸ֻˣڲˣǡǸæ뿴ûз̹۾
ɿôƭвݸ
ߵԣ˫֣Ұ˵ĺ湥ұð㿴ŵ㡣
һۣ֪ûģܣҲûʲô쳣ԼСԼǣԶЩ
ҡҡͷСͷƵãҪʲôͳС壬ܶĹָͷɵÿЦ
ɫƨɣԼܿȥԲˡ
ѱôЩĽ˿ѩǸоӦҸʯͷ˨ܸġ
ɿ˨ֱ׾ֿɰЩ̿߹ȥ˩㡣
û뵽ͻȻԼôŵĸæ˺
죬˵Ƶʲô˺һкã
ɤӣʾ˭˵Ҫˣǲ̫ϰߺͱ˿̫ѣҶ˭ˡ
뵽֮ǰ뿪ʱǸеơҲȥһĺ˵˵УȻôңԼŰɡȥЩɲʡĶҧ㡣
ʱЩˣ˭ˣҲҪȥҲҪԼ⡣
㲻ǲϲ˿̫Զˣҿɱ㡣
˭Ҫ㱣ˣֻǲѡ
ɾûôӲģβһۣɣˣһҹˣҧɱû㡣
Ŵһۣɹ˹ǣתԶȥ
һһȦ˶ӣæǰȥ
һᣬʣû
ŶһᣬҪһϵĻֻܹ
û֨ҲżֹһᣬʣأҼģû
ת˿õǼС֦еЦͻȻһ
㿴Ǽֻ۾ʲôܣ
񾪵亹ˣĲһӣȾͳȥ
ץһƬ½ɪɪ˵۾ѽˣۿ߰ɡ
ǿסЦ˳׽ס󣬡ãߣ£һᱣġ
ɶҲˣƴͷٸ˩Ӫȥ
Ӫغһȫˣ֣ȥһԡ
һۣӲš
򴽣һߣıԹɣߴסջҲܶģҲᱻ죬⻹Ĵ˵ҡ
ɡߡһû˵˻
𣿻ôԶڻԡ
ŵ亹һٱҹһȷʵͦģûסůջ˹ȥ
˵ȥղѿݾûŪ㶫ԣȥˣ⿾ɡ
ӣû
ɼСˣļЦˡ
һۣû˵ȥɣڻţҲ¡
ɿӲûǵͷѹ˻ȥУ֪㵨Ӵңܡ
ʧҹɫеӰɪɪСһֱ˲ǳĲ
ûãͿˣﻹֻӡһֻЩѾˣץһһֻȴš
ֻ𣿡ʡ
ɵ˵ͷ׽ʱܣʯӴˡ
˿ֻڵСӣȥץǰһƣֻһҲһɱ˿ųԡ
һ٣ȻӵͷʣɱˣֻֻİɣҲˡҲǺܶԵĺ٣øԣֻһֻ𣿡
ɿһۣõһ·ô㶺㣬ҲûΪֻӵˡ
ȻԹȴֻֽӸˡ
ʧҹɫеСãЦЦȥ
ɿЦʱ˾񣬡ھ͸㿾ԡ
ĺܿͽӵƤëദˣϻܣͳһСϸϣ֪Ұ⿾ԡ
ǻ׽Ұζ𣿡
ʵ⣬ЩεЦЦǿɲҰζʳǹʳ
һв⣬εΪôƱԼǻȫóȼˡ
͢ӹܣ˰ɿɲܿǻһһˣӣɽⶼǼƷζʱ󶼳ԣƤͲݸ
һ֪ǮҲַվȼƽȴû뵽Լķϡ
֮ˣôԼв֮أ뵽һ·ĮЦͽ䱸ͻȻЩա
Ǻǣû뵽ʼʱ㣬ΪֵزҪлл㡣֮ʿݳ֮ģɾһµġ
ⷬĻ˵˱˵ˡЦЦֲǻʵӣлʲôҪлҲлʵۡ
պ˾ϲĻ˵ˣСǻ
δ䣬ͿƤЦĳԼôôͿʼˣ
ֱǵűǸ˾˿ɿ䲻ãһ֣ͷˡ
ֿ˵ٰ޳ܵëˣ͸ˡ
ɹЦЦôˬʣصҹС
һСʯһ£ĪҪЦôô졣
Цһе񣺡ϲңжپ˵Ҷ
һ棬һʱŪЦǽģֻ⻰ɺЦ
ҡͷЦ˵һ⻰֪㲻ʲôϲ
ϲһˣǿЩڵĶȥģֲĽסܽˣҲͲϲˡ
ϲңҵ𣿲㹻ϲ𣿡ɼе
ģǲҪֻ׹ӻ̽
ЦЦЩˣԼǺƤľˡ
˺ܺãҲܴ󣬲ϲˣٲˡһ˵
һϵЦۣ㻣ˣҲô˵İɣϲͷ¶ϻңݲؽ
˫֧ͷϵķǣҹرˬ͸ϵÿһǶգ۾д͸Լʱ۾
ΪϲŻԼĿϲɣԼϲ¡
ΪϲŻѶԷϲ÷ڵһλ
ΪϲԷκȥ֧ΪĸԸ
뵽⣬ͻȻƵãоԼһҲ̫ЩԼʲôʲôȴδ࿼ǹĸܡ
ҲϲϲԼôɣԲôĸΪ
֪ݸǲΪԼĵ׵ܣ谭鳹׵͸
ͻȻоԼ̫̫֡˽ˡȥԼˣεĻ㲻ٳϻˣڸ
ɼһʱβ˵׷˾䣺Ҳµûɣǲǣ
תͷҡҡͷǣϲһ˵ʱ򣬾ˡ
ůůĻ΢ҡҷţСһ͵ĽƣԵ㶯ˣɾһʱȥ
оС˵ĲԣԼϲѾϲ˹
ӵܿú÷ڼ۰ţһɳ

 61 


ԼĿ̫㺣Щڣתͷȥϵǿա
ͻȻŵһ⿾ζ͵ػæӷ˸档
һᣬһֻĿĳǰ˵ˮоҪˡ
ɿ۷Ź⣬ЦЦȡСƬһݸ԰ɣ⽹ۺ㡣
ЦЦӹлл
һҲЦˣ˺һڵĳ
ͻȻԼ̻ʺϸγĶԱȣоԼ̫ףӰԼǰ񣬱Ҳٶȣ
ȶԼůĵЦЦ˵ҳԲôģһֻȾ͹ˣ㡣
㲻Ƕ𣿸öЩģҪôС
ЦЦθôٳװˣ԰ɡ˵µĸɲݣŸ첲ȥˣ˯ˡ
Ϸʵôˣ˯ˣҶʲô
㣬Ҳϣңһݼү
ɹ˹ǣû˵
Ȼǰΰѵģ˺ҹ˯˹ȥȻ۾ʱǰףء
ϸ˼ɫ¡
תתͷԴȻлȼգһҹδ˯ڻһֱ
·վߵԣ
ˣ㽫·ݸл
վ˵մҲݣ£Цҹ䣬һֱӶ£ˣɣ
Цˣᣬллһֱ񡣡
񿿽һͷЦ֪Ǹϸ˰ɣôҪҪһҵ飬Ҳϲһ㡣
Ҫκ㲻ȥתȥǣѩɸಽƤôһҡ
͵תŭͽպҶˡ
־̫ԣҲºͲˣһʱֲ֪ջأֻĹĵתȥǣѩ
ıӰЦˣãҲǣպҲҪҲа
Ƴһۣû˵·ɣסҰˣҪסջ
ɵ˵ͷУġ

һ·ĥĥ䣬Ÿ·պ˲ŵݳڡ
ǶһڣȺе˻ȥ֪ͨ
˵ȷʵֻ˽˳ǣҿﻹͦ˵ģӦûʲô¡
ȷ׶֮ͽֻβô䣬ȻȫĻˣҲͷģǼ˶š
ĥĥļĲУò׽˳ǣֱȴɸˣЦĪҪȥү˭֪ûܱȴȥңסһ۲˵
ĽƻԶ׼С˼ŪľƣֻסջˣȥҼ
Цôദ⼸գһ·ҲչмӣôҲ˰ɣȻĵ棬㲻֮дңȥסջ
һʱĬ˲ֵûмңֻסջ
ЦһգƲһ״У㶼ôƲңңһʲôҲûҪȥүˣֻܻȥɣҲأľա
⸱¿ˮ̵Ƥŭˣ޳֮ͽһ֪ʲộҼˣȥҲ᲻ʲô¡
Ҳţˡ
һ˴˼մմϲӣˣ㲻ž㣬ȥкηǲе˼
Цˣ⻹ࡣ
˷ۣѹŭһԼӶ
ֳ˳ǣ԰һſڣŷӭЦˣһ·ɺã
ЦӦһжáǣȥ
һŷӣһ㶣ûعζתͷ͵͵ĵ԰˲֪ŮģҪҸҴ˰Ժʶˣ
ֱǶݺݵв¡
ָоЩĪ֪СǲڿԼ⵽ǲļң
̧˽ȥҲֻø˽ȥ
ƫˣ˲衣
ɿˣʵûмˣ֪Ůģ
ԣǹ¶ûмˣ߻Ǯ԰ӣ˶ģҲ֪Ů㡣
û뵽ԼһҲǹ¶ʱоղƤҪؼЩȤڨڨһΪƭҡ
û˵˿ڲ裬һ˵Ȼ㲻ģϢһɣٴȥүҲһա
ʵүʲôϵΪηôǣߴ
һ˲һ䱸˵滰ɣò׶ߵһ˲֦ܽ˻ѣʲôϵ֮ǰҵùү԰ǣҲ㱨𡣡
Ҳ֪ŮİɣǹٸģƼˮ꣬ɹٱ㣿
һĻɣƻһڲʲô˱ֻλӴΣʶˣǡڷǻˣͬ·ˡ
һϰݴɳʵ׵̬ƣȵҵθɣɲҲȥǣҪʡ
һ̵СҲүܳʲôϵЦˣ˭˵ˣʰˡ
˸㰲Ÿȥ
̧ˣЦˣҾҿȻˣȥ°ɡ
ƳһۣǸ޳ܵĵͽӣԸȥȻ֮ãδٶԣ԰ӡ
ñȥ԰ӣаСﲻ֪
ȥ԰ǵʱ򣬱ˡ
̽ǰã񿴵ЩȸԾϲڱҲñ̫װģĸ
һ⣬˵ĳԼգ۾֪£Ҳͳ׷
תͬԼ°ݵɣ˵˾䣺ɡ
лվ̧ͷ˲ѸٵĴһۡ
λȫŵСүºƣֲʧ߹ׯϣ֪˹治˿Աģ֮ǰ˵Ļֶһ롣
¶еºЦ⣬һ񣬵ȥɣҺ칫ӵ˵仰
ŤŤ̵ͣĵүڻȥҺ칫Լȣ˳©һһġ
΢΢üһֿۣɡ
Цˣ֮ǰȷʵԼЩЦ
תͷȥɣ¡
ȻɼȻģ˵ͷ˳
˳ȥתɵ·Ϸ£֪ˣ֪ƹԶԹٸ˺ܴ䱸֮ģ⣬಻㡣
ɹл
ֵ֪֮ǰܼðյ£ݿ֮ģеοҲݵİл㡣
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˵ͷָԱߵ˾䣺ɡ
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֮ǰٸƶϾΪٲﲢΪһ֮˽Ҳ㹦֣Դ˼Ȳ಻ν
֪֮ǰү۲ԣүȷʵаǣǵ·˸񣺡лү
˲衣
֪֮ѪȻ֮ǰ·ƪҪ̸̸֮ĵ·
ɵƾү̻塣

Ͳȥ֪Ӧ̸ĲҲģȥſڵɳ
˴Լһʱżɳ
ɿڵʱֿ˻ůֿġ
Ц֮ǰ˵ȷԣүȷǳͶģ۹ⲻ㡣
㲻߻ңΪң
һۣ˵Ҫ˵ȻүģҪȻҵģ㣬̸ֻ֮δģ
Ц£ÿж֮־οѻЩͣһίڽסȻүУҶǻӾģȥͳһҪӾֵǣӾ
һҲǸˣоԼ˼൱£ЦȻˣٺòˡж־£պܳɾһҵġ
Цˣ֮ǰɢǼڽЦͬʱЦĺܷЦĺ־ڱصõˡɢԼصĹâ
ͷһμӣˣ˵㼴̾ͻȥŰɣҲʹ˸ǡ
Ѹٳҿһۣע⣬һյߣ͵Һʱټ㣿ڿܸ֪ˣ
ͻȻԴһôƺܸоȺıϢ
ʱЩգ뵽˵£ֻôܹ黹ǸͽӵӣתҪߣȥ
ɼˣԽĿɰһץס󣬱Թôȷ黹죿
һѴε֣ŭʲôط㾹񡣡
ŷűֱΪЦӣһʲôܻġ
֪˵棬ҲתҪߡ
֪ңȥ԰㡣
˻ۡ
֪Լһʲô湷Ƥҩ˦˦ˡ¿ɾ֪ˣſںߴᣬٲĵס
ĪҪˣҵĳŵѶ֣պȻҲ޼ıҪˡ˵Ҳ԰סҵܻ޶Ҳҡʹ˱
֡ɵסȥ·պҸдš
񰵰ҧҧ֪ᱻֻ֣ܼ֣
Ҽˡ
Ƴһۣƿĵ𣿡
ɺٺһЦ˸ƣÿ·
Ͽ̧ȥ
һ᳣дŵģ
ϵĽ³ţͷҲûصĸϽȥ

 62 


ɱ㾶ֱ˸ϲظ˻ˣֿЦġ
һᣬƽ·ϵ˭ͽģŤŤԼҪɡ
ߺǱͽǷֿˣǺһصġϲС˵
ЦˣҲʺϸʣ˵˼仰ȥ̧ԡ
ϲӦ󣬺ܿ㱸ϴˮһˮڷһúǳݵ˵յĵӿ󣬶һӢ۵ơ
ЦһʲôӢƣʱҲǿˣһʱǿųˣҪҲ֪ǺˣȻҲҵġ
ϲȴо˵̫ǫ飺˭˵ģҿܶŵɫˣй㵱ʱôء
Ц£ĪҪѧ³çǣ֪ү᲻ͷء
ϲæ˵ﻹСЩΪã⼸үǵĹյĳҲһ˿ЦƽʱºͿ׵Ӳɴˣһ
ͷƳһۣҲ֪οһ£˵ôϸҸˡ
ϲͷǺǵЦ
˵ĵ£ֹܷ񡣡
£˵
ϲЦ⣬ǸĪСˡ
һµˣʱߵģ
˵ȥûүˡϲһֺصһ˵
˶䣬ȴģתͷһСһЦĿԼء
̧ϵ˵ˮʾͽ䣬СӾϷŪң˵
ϲЦﲻǴӲԵô㵹ˣ
˻
ˣˣ˵ϲЦ˵ĪСһӵĺòˣ˾ƣүţүʱˣһֱţ̸˽һʱ
ü
ţʵںءϲ˵
˷ۣ˵˵
ű򿪺󣬡ϲ˵ͱүȥĪСڵϿ޵滨꣬һײһײˣ˵ûϸɨһۣһûƺ;Ʊȴˤ˵ϣһƬǽ塣
Ŷǳʲô£ĪֵϣĪģ֪˺£
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̧˫ֿ˿оǼҪٵˬˡ
ԡ˷˸Ưķ٣ִͷžĴһˣ׼˼ƻȥ

ɣϿظȥһ³çµСֱ֪һмµס߲ѣֱæʱĩŵ
Ѹٻ˸᷿˵ƣٲպqqˣ㼱˼Ŷ롣
һݵͻȻͽŵЩˣæ
һˣѯдǱֱӹţ˳š
վ룬磬һ
˺һ󣬿ˣСԴȥ͵ײͶߣһָæ˻ȥ

ͷֻܹԹԵ˳棬۵Լ֪ȥͶͱ
εεĽʵصĲ䣬߲ߺ˵ֱҪүˣֿδˣүû
һᣬӦ̧Сգһ˫ˮĴ۾Ŀ
Լ֪õļеǲԾľɢһ롣ߺװһҼĵ˼֡
һͳƺ«ԼԹҸүǣͷһ£үΪһң
һ㶣Сᵹһңһ仰δ˵ʱˡ
е֪֪֮Ϊʲô
Ǳ£˵£˭ôȥӴˣһԲô죿ÿ¶Ϊα㲻㡣
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֪⼸ǺεȵĵֲðȻȥѰ㣬㲻
֪ģ´Ҳˣţүģүû챧ҡ
ͷˣƤ֪ΪԼȥðգʹ׷Źպĵ񲻻´λ֪εȳ£Լ
һʱֲ֪ǺãҲ²ȥ֣ҲŲڡԼС޿κΣֱֻͦͦվŲ
үţҿүءƤżȥĴ
Ǵʱȫһ̫ûˣһֱż壬ִż˼|ſġ
оֱҧûоԽԽֻۣʹȴԽ̽Խĺȳǣǵܺ۵Ҫᡣ
ãŷŹʪ۾ίԼʱˣҲ̲סһѽᱧ𣬳ȥ
񲻿Ҳ֣СèƵãͷĻһ״
ͷżɫ΢Цŵıϣȥ
ҪʲôƲסĻһҲҶ
ֱ׹еĸоɢˣ׷ʲôЩͷģٴΪǸоϲô԰Ρ
ãɿĴҧĶԴ˵ٲպǳͷֶΣס𣿡
һ۾ˣ˲մżĳޣ˵ͷҡҡһʱ֪λӦǺá
ǰĻ
ЦˣСһڡֵͷ˿ССĹһֻŲ֪ʱԽȥεİ̾˿
׽С֣˾䣺ˡ
ʱаһ˼Ʋã˭˭֪ӣҹֲˣ

ڶգ۾ʱѴȥ
ڴϣҹͬʱһĻʱߵĲԼñͷԼɸ󴺾ڼ͵ɵЦ
ˣ治֪Ǹɵӣҧǵʲô壬Ǹˡ
Լ֪νϹһᣬ̧ˬĸ첲·һߴһ߸ĸҪ
ϴ󣬾˳緹ʱ䡣
ϲЦ𴲡ȴ֪Լ̲˯ʹء
緹װȥ԰һòƹǷģ֪ȫˡǿ·Ƿ˳ãɵû·ϻã˻ƽ
һͨæٳ԰ʱɫѰ뵽ûţֿ˸
ջظûһᣬˣĲ˻ûãȽȥЪȡ
һֻ۷ŹĿԼʱЩˡСİִٵֺ۾֪ķˣæ˶˳ȥ
үջ𣬡㿴ı˶ˡ
ЦˣֻҪСӸˣʲôаǰһãԿʼ
˾ջˣ϶øüȥζϣ˿δԺÿһүջô˼˽
һᣬ̺ŨĲ˱ȫˡһ˶Լ۳ɹȥ
ưɣǶ˳κĳɹҹһЦ
ãӦһתþƣھƺһ£תϣʣүҹ˺£ΪĪˣ

 63 


үΪͻȻĪˣʡ
ʣǲ֪ʲôˣΪβ뱾˵ҺĪ
У֪ʲô˰
ֻǸӣ˵Ҳˣ˵ǲ̵ģҷֲȥʰʹһֱΪҪίԼ˵ģⲻίȫ
˿˿仰˻ʲô
ֶ˻˵үΪİɣʵҲڣ˾˲ǶãͶĪֵȥˣĪǡ
ЩĻѻգұŽȥˡϵ
ȣ˵Ǽٵģ
˵ͷĪ濴һ˳ӣʵССĻȴأ̫խοлԼʺסˡǿűֵϣδЩ£ֻȥˡ
лԼȻ˶ˣ㡭
ʲô
ƲƲ죬үֲ֪ҡ
ЦЦҪ˵֪֪ǰ켣һʼûǷ
ҪΪЩ£治һᷢ˼뵽ɰһŮ˼
֪Ҫ˵ϷŪ
ͣүװʲôװҪ˵Ҿ˵ˣү߲䣬ү֪İɣϲ㡣ǲǻأ
ΪԼԴףΪܿġ
ȴʵ㿴ϲ㻹ҳߣҪƣôң
ߣҪү᲻ᱻˣô׾ͱˣǾͲҵģҵȻá
һѽק˹סϸŵϣƼ߳뷨ʸѳ˱Ҫĸξȫŵģ۷£뿪
ӣ΢죬ҷˣүҲгԵһ档
չһЦſĶߴ͵͵˵ǰȫģԣ
˵žȥҲʼʵ˳ǰ̽
ڶЦҪ֣֣ү֣㻹û˵ŽЩʲôأ
˼죬ŷſæĻС档
Ž˵˸ûжã˵ֱ缺ǳѺ󣬱㱻˸͵͵ˣһֱŮڸҪʲôʲôĽ赱ûв֪ġ
һǰźܲ£˸ԷҲǵ壬룬׵빫ʮ˾ˣǰ;
һкúõģֱĪ˵Īݺ㿪ʼ˼ĪֽڶʹˣҪ빫ף˸ͬ⣬дŸĪ֣ѳƾ˸ãԼˡ
С죬Ǵ˵е̲滰ɣС
үҹΪͻȻʡ
ֺ˵ʲô
ү˵ʲôҡҡ֣˵ҹôˣ
һۣ˵ɲ
֣صĵ˵ͷϿҵıʾ
Ҫҩľơ
ҩľƣ˲۾˵ҩ||ҩľƣ
뵽Ī£۵һ˿񣬵˵ͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҶүһΪ
Ϊʲô
һΪء񲻿˼˵
ҺĪֵݣ˵죬Ϊͻõʲô˵
ү϶¡үǾˣʵ
ļЦˡ
ү㡭ŭ۾϶ˣ
Сȥˡ
С֣ݺ˦ǲ
˵òЦˣģҵȻδȡԴֵ֪º󣬱֪˼ˣĶһˡ
ģģΪ񡣡
ֺˣС칾˭үˡȻת˻
ЦȥȤæ˻⣬ȥ˻𣿡
ˣ˵ȻˣһΣʡĪ
ˣ˻ʲô
ЦЦһֱԼĪҵʱĸ󷱻ļ޵ͨңƻĪѰ֦ܰɡ
ҡҡͷǸ֦˼ֲ˶ٵĲΪ֪빫Ӿٰüء
ǰĪ棬һμʱѾΪ˸޵ľǸ빫ӣ˿ǰ䣬Ҳɪжӡ
ԼǼ󣬿ĪֺСʶϣھˣɷǸвŻˣ˽ʿ˸߹٣һҲ
ɲ֪Ϊȴɱ˸ӣҲԼݣıϱӵһЩ飬Ҳ˲е˼
ҹ޺޵˵ģΪһŮԵϲȴʱĹͱ͹ߵŤˡ
ĪΨһıˣΣҲһΣҪ˳ףµ¡ҲΪ˲Ī
ѹ¶Ī֣ЦĪִӱ߾˵Ī˸ˡҹĪЩɵ˺ˣҶûˣǺúóԶٷһ
ĵĵ˵ͷܿ㽫Щ˺Ժ
ҹɷˬͻȻͺˣһƣվҹҸˣһȾүүҵֺ֧ͳ谮
˵ͷһ
кЦĳѧĻиŮӵӡȡ
ٺһЦָԼһһȣ˽һʱ
ͿСɫеЦүÿӣƮݣŻƵá
ݸ˹̵ͦСǼ⣬ǳˣ
ûУķ˵ʵˣһٺȵ㡭
ҪȡٴζıӣС飬ҹȵıȱ࣬ˡ
žƱţûУҸˣҪٳԼүߣʲô
ҹԣҹɲ˲¡ֻܶıһ
˿ԼͻȻſյ֣ûӦͱ˴ᱧ˻
үʲôľ˲һ룬̵ʡ
ֲĻȻҪúóͷ㡭
񾪺ҵĸ첲ᣬ
ֻǻδ˵㱻˶ס˴ŷŽ

¸ɱֵµĵǰͶ˾˶ͶĪֵ¡
һ䶨ϸд˷ţȥ԰Ϣ
յڼˡ
ɣٵ˼Щ²͸ֻܵĸо̫ˣûǱȽϺãʶԸйཻ
ţһоҲǲ뿴뵽ϾԼͶľˣǲ𿪿ˡ
ŵһ˲䣬ǳϡ뵽Сɹ¶ӦδϹѧдӦҲ̫áȴû뵽
ּûסЦ𣿸ֻצӣצſֽϡ
ÿ±״Сϸ죬Ƶں裬ķκ̿Ц
뵽֣бƮݣƲ־㡣
˵ˣһȻ
ЦһţúñʹۣҲֻϳһ룬ʣµֻɴ£ǿ⡣
֪˶ԭĵҲõ˺ܺõİá
Ҳˡ£͵û֮֮ţûڿˡ

תֽһݰգҲõмѻأһڹѾõƽ˳͵
ȻүĹͣԴݺ󣬱˾ţ򣬲ݸش˳ڸصҲĸˡ
ˣ߾ߣҲս׿һɨ֮ǰǱͻϮܽӵľ档
ÿ֣֣ջռڣҲɰĵũٲеоϮ
һʱ䣬ȡȻֵİӵ
¶ʮСһ磬ǰ㱻˷ǰİΧ˸ˮйͨ
żģ˴ŹϹģץŻѼģǣСģһӻﱧһֻѩСġ
Ǹжվſڼúũֲϣ֯ǳŵպֻԽԽãԽԽ
ǸмĲϿͷл˸ж棬ȿֺŽԼҴĶүǰԼҵĶеĪҫ
ȻһҲգʾǵ⣬ѾиܵˣǴŶؼҺúõĹһϲꡣ
˹ڵϵĻвٺǣЩͭǮѹǮַǣǻȥǹ
ùеͭǮϣϿͷл˵ҪЩͭǮûȥڼﵱķ˳һƽ
ûӵһ˼ү״͵ļõ˱ӣҲ׷ҪͭǮȥҼ
ǱⳡĻ󾹱һᣬͷҪͭǮ
Ҳù˰ӵԸֻܿЦõſڣָÿ˷ͭǮһֱ˺˲Ŷɢȥ

 64 


ǷһյͭǮֻϴõĹˣһææʱŻ˸ĵƻţ֪ڵԼ㾶ֱŽˡ
бϿ飬˱ЦӭүæôпɼˣҪҹ𣿡
ϣշµ飬һǹξ̵ģЦЦһѽ
Сͷľ˵رˣԹˣϢᡣ
ЦүǷͭǮˣ
Ǿͼİ˳÷ǵ⣬ʧ
Цŵ˵ͷүҪ׼ЩͭǮˣ֮ļ죬еæˣиİǰأ
̧ͷЩΣҲˣȫݵİնҪͭǮǱĸҪգ˵
Ц죬ͷʾͬ
̾˿ȥ˵ãиǮޣûǮˣҪ
ôаƵʳָ˵Ķͷ֪ߣ˭˭ҪǮҪͭǮġ
ҷޱΪһ壬ıҵģһ
֪ڹⶺԼЦ̲ס͵ЦͻȻоʱмɵɰûסͷһڡ
ҹ˶С⣬궯ᱧ𣬡ҹˣϢɡ
֪Ҫ֣ŲС壬ȻҲ𲻵ʲôˡ
һεõȫĵ㣬˯ȥ
Ȼ˵ڶգգһֱʮ죬ſÿ춼ˣǴһöͭǮ
װյ֪ǱⳤսҸˣҪһһǸеİܽǷüдţԼΪǳౡ֮Ȼƾܡ
ΪðǰĹ꣬ÿհſڣźöӹİǷһöͭǮҹɢˣٴĹձæʱʱܻظЪϢ
ʳ֮͵࣬ڶԪںһϳʱ©Ĵλ֮ϵĻʵ͵Ķȴȫ˸
֮ϣڳǲϵ۽ԣ˵εģιƻգԽ֮£ֱҪɵڶٱ췴
ͼʹܣҲ֪ʱҲֻ߷Ҳû췴ģ䣬޷Ǿδ֮ǰѹȥ
лδʼãǲδʾͶ˷âġ
ɼʹ۵̲סļ
֮ǰǼʸʶƫ˵񸸻ʵĻӣ뽫λ
Ǽʰնӵɵܰҵ
ȻӵЩҲĶһ뵽ϵȨ͵λվԼУǿܶʻ尾ģԸеƽЩ
ʹӲΪԼĴֻûһɵĳȥʩչ
˸ģһոᣬҪ֣ʰѹЩӲȨǡ
ֻǴʱ֪ܿͻˣʱͿûסˡ

ʹ鷿ڣʵۼȼͷüŰһ͵Ϯī߾ʧܵӡ
뵽Щһġʹʱȥ͵Ϯīı߳ǣһֱķġ
һƳӶǵŮˡʳͲҪͨɧǵı޷ӣܰĵԴī֡
ơƽˮϵ棬īĲ˰صأһЩطһ겻񣬱ֱīԪ
֧֮ʣһīͻȻðһү۶ˡ
ˣȥʱȥǧս
⼸ͳε߸ϣźѹīʱԹƿпڶһֱǰɡ
ȼ뵽īȻԲҪ֮ܵ֡
ȥīѾ˺ܾˣҪǳһٵ˵һǵʵɱǳԼˡ
ԼʥľҪµĻʵۣīĻʵۻӹܣĻʵ¼ɣǲõӹµ֮
ûһϻʵ۵ĳƺţȴװռһƾһ㣬ҲýĲڽ¡ȼ޵롣
̧ǿϺǸ߹ͷ­ӥ۾¶˾ġ
վ΢ҵۣߵĴ佫Ƴ
ǣڶµ׵һ죬һҵϢ㴫īĳϡ
ڳǷ˰ӼսһʱǷз
īʵ͹ֱվԣһĿŵŵĳǡ
ŭĳʣʮݳǣɱһգïݶѵǾް취֪Ƥ֮ëɸ
ơƽ֮ͥƣĴӪһֱĸפţֿձ㱻˳ǡ
ƳǺ󣬱㿪ʼɱӣ˰ǣ֮ͥأȻ
ûīơƽΪûơƽݣʲôˡ
΢Ըȷ棬ֻڳܵɳľֻˣԶԶֿģҪ볯ַ͢
ݾһܣ֮ͥʮ꣬ʱѲΡΡվĶƲ̫ˡ
ʵƳһۣ֪ڶȵĵ̣ȻҪˡ
ǳ͢ƿصıϴʱձĽսսˣб޽ŸΪѵġ
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Ƭ̣紹֣˸Ӧʱüһҧҧ
ͼλ񣬻ȨԽ΢оЩȨرĽǣԼƿء
֮Իû췴ΪƾУȡȨ⣬˭Ҳǳͷˡ
뵽ȥǶδһһ䣬ԽĻͽ겻
ľơ֪ǲпȴֲòпдܡ
ȭŭĿۼϣʵͼܳٱ
޻Уֵɳһ˻Ҫפڵݱ߾ֹ͵Ϯ
ͿܳһǺܸˣܱϴ˸ûʵһ˶ǿ˵ͷδٶԡ
ֿ˾ͽ֮
֮ҲУֵϣ˴ݳ󣬱ֱïݶ΢һ˶Ųñ¸ЩïݣԷïʧΣ
üƹжٱ㲻֪޸
֮ͷȥδһۣĻʢҲǷʱ򣬱ϾïݻҪأïʧֱָտɴ
ǻ˻˱ˣ֪Ѵïݱ㣬ȴݵЩïǾŻʧ
ֵ֮ǣ¡
Ϳ֮ϼȻһ˸ҽ˧Ӧսô㵱Ǹչ¶սܵĺʱɣҲý˻ʰ
ɤӣڵȻ˸ҽ˧ӡӦսޱ
ԾһӦǡ

 65 


֮ͥͷһϲڹʿ˵Ȼ棬Լơƽݡ
֮ͼԾǵһЦδԡ
⣬֮ȴֿʼз۲ݡȰŲȥģйάģһʱȺ֮
ʹų̬εı˱ۣڵˣڰ֪֮Ѿԣ̫ӼлףԸԷפؾ
˾ͽȥïݰɣԷǰ߲УïˣҲܸЩ
Ͷ˶٣֣صΣïݶʧ֪ݺ
ǣ£֮
ֿһۼޣھɣĪҪˣ򾩶ҲЩ
޵һЦʵ罫ʵ۵˼ͨ͸Ҳ֪д˰š
ʵǿ֮ͥԹ˲Ͼ֮ҪֱԼïݣѲƽ⣬㽫ԼھΪʣƽݾͲˡ
Ҳûڵⷸٱһ˿ֻʧģ¸ùµ
ʱٱŻ϶֮һɱԼȥ
ްЦʵ۵Ĳ¼ǱĶࡣ
Ҳͷֵǣʥ⡣
ԷҲʥ
պһ֧֮ͥ͢İһ޵ɵʮɻʵԹ˧֮ͥΪΪӾƺƵݷ򿪰Ρ
ʱҲѴݳïݵķ򹥴
ïݶϵľأʮﴦ԰Ӫկű
֪Ǳ·ïݵģһ·оɴ˧Ƴפľϣһ·ɴſ˴פľضϡ
Ҳ·
Դ·Ƴ磬֮ͥߵſˡ
գ˫ССһʤʵδȫֻΪ̽Էʵպսӡ
ʱʵյ̽оеĻҪ׺´սԼܱʤĻʧʼ棬Һܻܿһֱܳء
ͬĴԪǲ͸˼ϸڣºβүǰū֪ڵݣ˿Ҳյ·̡
üģ˵ͷ㲻˵ôˣֻޱȢףּȥݣ޶ٱܿ
ԪڿںǺЦ˵ݺвĵ˵ñڶ࣬ҪǱµĻʵܣʹսԵҲʼǲǣ
Ԫص˼ԼУܱ˸ãܱԻʼ棬ܱ֮ǿպͷ񲻸ʤ
Ҫ˵˭Լ˼µ͸ҹԼߵڼˡ
ȥɣͶ˵סսڼȥٻء
Ԫعֹȥ

Դӹ꣬㽫ĸݵسװᵽ԰һٺúֿʼǼŵĴϷ⡣
⼸ת˸Ȧϸ˿Сĵ˵ͷЦˡ
ĲƹһԵ֣ʣ뵽ʲôˣ˳
մĻңЦǸ£֮ǰҾи뷨뿪¥һǱǮѵĵط⣬ˡǵ˿գһϸ⼸ӣùѵǳסõˣұŰճ
ƹһȻҳѵӣ
ЦźһȥƫȤƹС˲ǣһĲˣǿɶû˵Թˡ
ܵʤ˿ϵĲ裬˳ˣЦδ뵽
ЦЦҲյֽߵĸ贵УһڣȻЦƹ֧ӣҺ¥ܿģ
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Ҽ׶ͷԼ»ûǸҼлᵶ񻨵ģ̸ֻ˾͵ˡ
ְ·ģѧ˻᲻ۻǱǽŵ£Ҳ¡Ϊܶ˵ĵζϵȣԼģʱҲûУ˵ĵˡ
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¥ѵӣһȻû뵽һ͡
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Цֺ֪Ѷ·ӹ㣬Ǿͽˡ
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һͨæ󣬿쵽ʱŻ˸һԺϲ˵˵ɴԪˣ˵үȥïݴ̡
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ʵݳǵʱ֪ˡǵǰ͵Ϯݵ£ӦŻ֪ᷢΪξǰһꡣ
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Ǿھսģڻʱһīҡ
ȥսû뵽ͱԪء
ʥּ󣬱㿪ʼһפػ߾ƿ½ǰõشïݡ
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ЩԽʱ˽Ըɢȥ׼ˡ
´Щ񣬴ظʱѽʱ
ˣæӭǰǷ񼢣òϷˣѾԹ˸ˮԡ
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Ὣ͵ڵĴϣЬָϱڷĪҪģ֤սһϻ
ԹԵĵ˵ͷ
ЦЦڳϲ£ܳȥûŽ±㡣
죬үңΪ˼ӡ
Ц£ǾͲӡ
үȥ̾ǣҲ³çˣ˵һҪ¥ѵӣû³ȥ
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үЪ˰ɣЦһҪˡ
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Ϊ˯ʵоǷȥķ֪Щԡ
۾ͷȥƤͣضţ֪ˡ
֪һǺܶ࣬˯ĺܳģȴЩֽ§§ʵôôˣ£

 66 


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Цˣ֪ΪԼʧߵģʱůůġ
ţģһġ
ĵЦЦһʱĿԣ繺顣
ˮ¹ӳ㾫µϣÿЩѣĿ
̧֣ϸָỮīü˵ۣʵıǣ̵ͣıϡ
ḧһȦȻ۾ȥ
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ļ˫˫ʢǹ⣬貵۾ȴҲڲס۵Ƿݾϲ
ЩšȷһǷƵģԸ⣿ǡ
ûʲôǵģ˵үˣ̹ԹˣʲôοĸԸģ֪ϲġ
δ˵꣬ˣٿ
ϣĵȥ̣ԼһݹȻƽĻ
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Ϻ𤣬үſңҪȥϴϴЦԼЩˣҪӡ
ȴһѱ𣬷˴յҪԼȥϴ
ȴˣֱȥԡϴֽ˻ǺñԼȥ
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⧲һүʲô
һǰĿ⣬˲ˣţҪˡҪˡһء
㣬˵ʹ𣿡ɤƣȥͲˡ
ֻŽĻȥ֪ˣº͵һȫ¶棬Եǿȴȫ档
֪˶ãֱģŵԱŹ
ʱ죬Ѿʼˣ֪þҪȥӹƣۣ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾڴ·Ȼе˯ʵͻȻһˣһҪүء
Ьµأæ·
ĪҪˣŶ˯ǡæҵģЦ
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ͷģˣЦŵͷգȻ𰸼ϵ彣䣬ϵĶʣһۣת˷š
ѹвᣬţԺſڵĪ˵ɡ
Īֵ˵ͷҪתͿ׷񣬽Ųһ١
ȥıӰ۵Ĳ뵣ǣԵļɬ΢Ц赣ģү῭ġ
ŸоԼЩʧ̬΢ЦŶĪ񣺡ţĪ綨Ҳ῭ġ
ĪЦŵ˵ͷתԼöװƽң粽ȥ
˸ţĪֱ򱱳ȥ
ʿǿй˵˼伤ʿĻŽǧҹ̸ïݡ
ʣµһಽĪִïݼжȥ

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ĽսеʿŨŨѪȵζ
ӭĨȾѪĻ̫űŵԶƸ
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һӣʣµīʿȺףϾͳͷӬֱײҲҪӴܣĶʱҡ
ſѸץסᣬֻǧʿ㽫һ˰ΧǽͶ˽
ʱīĽȫû
īҾһû㼯˧Ƴоһīʵ۵о
ͱǿ׳ʿԶīټſսܿ㽫īоŰΧ
ʱ֪̽īо˧ǻʵƳʱ쳤Цо춼湦׽īʵ۾㲻÷ѹ
ȫʿ˭׽īо˧ɼӹͽˡ
һ޵Уһʱɱ硣
һԼΧȫĳ£֪Լй¶авá
ܵʿɱԽԽ٣һȦһȦȥ
ۿоͿͻΧΪͶ·֮ʱͻȻһ谭Ĺɱ̡
ͱ˻ͻΧܱߵʿ类Ĺ˵ս޷ͻƳȥ
Χīһĵ£ԼߵʿԽԽ٣ŵһʱȣҪȥ
Сģ
һʿסûˤ±صȵ
ûȣͿѾΧˣ־Ĳ㶼˶ˡ
ΪʱȴһһճӲǴǽ˺һӣ̤صʬɱ
ɱһ㣬һһȦɱʮˣ޲һ˸֮޲˱ܡ
ʱīȴΪս񣬿£һһ֮һȺ鼤ʱʿ
ǧ̤ʬʵ͵ߣһʱɵۣ߷һ֧ļʸδܲ
Сģ
͵һ󣬰żʸһ𣬽ʵʵһ
īʱľү

 67 


ʱſ˿æץסᣬһֵ˭Ҳ߳սʿǣ죬ǰȥɱǣӱͣ
Ŵӱл¿ʼɱ
ҧҧ۶ļˣƾѪ˳ֱʣڱ̤ҵĲݵϡ
һʱȥ۷ֱĶ֪롣
ʱҲ˲ðˣսϵī˵ʿǣһҪñ£һΪɱһѪ·ڴˣǰߣɱ⣡
īо󲿷ֶϴƽʱյĽԶ֪λүǶôս˲ŷľȫûսʱʿܱߵɱ
ʱҲɱ˰ΧȦӦϣоһɱ
ۿʿȥûʵʹΧȦ˽Լֵǹƥɱо
ʿ䣬ӭѪս
£ƴ¾սīľӴʱһ˲ȾѪȫһ٣ֵסۿīҪͻΧ֮ơ
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ֻ˼غϣſ˱֪ԼУ볷ˣȴֱǯ޷ֻսˣ˧Ƴ翿£
˵ȺܼʱǡѰһ©ſ˸æץסᣬתߣ΢΢һѸ𹭼һ䴩ſ˵ࡣ
һԼɱ£ʱľǾȰĽŵˡ
ץס˾ĴҵʱʣµīԼɱһ·תīͻΧɱĽڽڰˡ
ܿ첻УһʱƳһսҲѴң֪ʱսֻձ
īҲѴңʱֻƾŸ߰ʿƴɱ֪սĺʱδī׷ձ
ԳشӪ
ûЪһתֵһս˵ǰ²һīפ֮أһʱҲ˲ûӪˣִǧ׷ȥ
ҵ÷ߵıȽûñ׷ˣʱڵ֪Լſ˱ɱ޲𾪣Űɣȴ¾Ĳȣδôֿ㶼Ӵܶȥ׾ٵĽȳһ
Щ棬е֮ǰĽϳǰλǵĴ󽫾үϿͷл
еӴЩģ֪ͷ㽫֮ͥܵ´ͷ˵һ飬ˡǽͶ֮
˽󣬴Ӧǻڻʵֵö⣬պҪЧҹҡ
ٴζߵͷл
ɿĸ첲ڵѪȻȥˣǲлӪ
˿ѱѪ˵֣˵ͷתͷżʮȻפӪ

ʱĻʵҲ˴ӪѴ֮ǰľлָ֪ԼΧΪ֮ͥս֮󣬶ʱۡ
ɳϧһдҲҪ֮ͥ׽ûо˾ȥͶӪеİ
ʵû뵽ξԼľɵĻʵ
ɱΧ֮ΪԼһԼ㲻ʿ²Ҳᱻһ
ؼʱ̣Լ˵ĳ൨ģ֮̾ҲЩж
ʱ˸ʵԼΪԼĶ飬ŶԼЧҡ
Ǹսӵ֮ͥСųһҾ֮ģʱֺ޵ʴġ
ʱһʹ򱨣£үѻأȺ
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͸æֹĹݣˡ
ҽİ½ȥһ䡣ֻ¶۶ϺһСڼʸڼ򴦣ѪģЩɲ
Ϳж󣬰Լϡǲ룬ʱľƲͷ˱۾
ʱһֱվڰһ͸˵̫ԪأҲԶԶĿһϵ˿ڣڲסһľţ̧ס۾
ҽ˿ں̾˵ү֮δܼʱּϲͣĻʹ˼֣ĳ̶ȣֻһ˵ˣ˹ǽڣ۰޷ˡ
󣬵ʱ˼֮ĴսҪͳ죬ܳ£æʵд󰭣ûʵܳ£
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һЦ޷αǡ
ҽ˵ͷҽҩ䣬øɾıֹѪҩȥ֣׼μ
öңУҽ˵ͷʾ԰ˡ
һƺߣر㱻γ⣬ҽæ˿ڴֹѪҩֲ˱
˲ͷϵ亹΢ЦŶҽ˵ͷʾл
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͵ȥҪõģӪûеģȥĳȥ򡣡
ҽǱ£ȥ
˵˳ȥ
Ͷ˵Ϊʵܴ˾ʣʵܲȥЪϢˣպ顣
һԻ˻۰ϵʹ΢ЦֲΪҵģް֪ʱٴνҵ˸ΪҪ
οĵ˵ͷºͳǻʵкν飿
֮ͥܣʿʧأܽϾӣз䣬֪ΪΣ
ͽսŵļʧ˰꣬Ļо˼Щͷһаʵܵ뷨ǣ㡣
˱첲ж㣬ܹʩֻ΢΢ǣл֣ǳܱȥˡ
ľƳһ˴˵ͷתȥ
ڶʱȥо˾֮ͥ˴ӪȽ׽صһ˵˸Լȥ˻ʵ͵Ӫʡ
ʺݵ£ĩѾӽ֮ͥ׽ûߵļУֻʣ˼ʮˣİĸAȫֿɱһ˵ѹѺ´á
һ֮ͥ־ĺ֨졣
ս˫ȭ޺޵ĵʱȫϣҪнʿǰЩܵȫЧȣ
ĩ

 68 


о˾º͸оŻǲܽޣ˸еȥּ⣬֮ͥˣȫͶΣȺȥдá
ʱھа飬ʵ´ּ⣬ֻ֣ͣȫ彫ʿϡ
ʵҪʱն֮ͥʱ뵽ľǰҪҡ
ǰδ֮Уīʱһʼ
ʱ֮ͥսָӲҲʹʵΣѣհһ֮ʱԼˮ֮С
ʱ֮ͥȴûôսˡ
ʱֻΪսϵʧܣԼľӼ˸ɾʧȥơƽݵƿȨǰȻĻ˾
Ȼƺ豻˲ϣ뱣ס˼ˡ
,͵Ը񣬲ᴦļ˿Ҳᱻųն
ϵĺŽ˻˼ʿѼϣȥ˧Ѱ͡
صʿ֮ͥмʮһܵһѺ⵽ȫжǰ
˫ϥأͷңң׵ȴµһ̡
ͺһʣǰվһԣ˵պսߣЩ˵³ˣţ
Ϳųһʿǣ΢΢ǣ̵ʿ˵̣
̵ʿ˲䣬ʮͷʱأѪǲ罦ŵ⼸ʮͷʬǰƬؽ޵ĺɫ
ĵ˵ͷתԼӪʡ
һ۵ϵʬԴʱΪɵ˽Щ˵ʬ˰ɡ
ɵ˵ͷתȥ

պĪֱݵһǧīоӪ
֪ʱæȥ֪̽ްŷġ
ûգƿҲݵĳ˴Ӫ
ƿ¹úݣֿݵ˴ЪϢһ󣬵ڶշݡ
аžѵλȫſ
ӪݵǳӯˣֻǴϴս֮ͥӺоʧԭʮĴֻһսֻʣ˲ˣ˾ѹ롣
δϵ֮ǰû̫ˣϵ֮ҲɱһЩǵʿӦԶ
֮ҪٵжȡʤֻӮսսϡ⼸գҪƶôһԹѵڵս
ͷͼʱױүϷȥһˡ
˵ͷױʺҲ̤Ӫʣ͵С
ʺо֮͸æַˡ
ʾЦ£ʵĸټһоȻԱõܺõľΣ޿˺οҽʿҲŷս޾ΪԪ˧ͳȫӭս
һ٣˵˴֮ͥӱɱھд궯Ȼؾ֣Σ
֪ϴоΧ㶪ŵĲսˣӪªӣȲٴ̣Ҳɻھоôˡ
֮¸ΪҪֻسҪﳼԵĽΪīͻִӮⳡ֮սַġ
͸˵ĵ˵ͷߵߣļһ֣صĵ㣬īĽɽֻ޵ģ׼ҵģҲǸµģһܴӮⳡ̣һٶݡ
֪ԸʵĸȻʲŸܼӮⳡʵӲ̡
̧ͷһͣ΢΢һЦַģܶṼµΡ
οĵ˵ͷձȻؾˡھĽݱ
ǣԪⷬźҲȥջسԱͶȥˡ
ߺӪȥ֮ǰѹֳƵϢپ⼸Īֵѵ͹裬ȫʿµһµĶ㡣
֪Ѿսĺʱˣ㽫Īֺɽн˧ʣԼսƻ˵һ顣
Ϊ˴ΪƽԭûҪĵƿ̣Ҫʤ࣬㽫ʿ׺ӲƴҲ²ߡõķǴӶԷӪ֣ŲõĲԡ
뵽˻ݴӪ
ΪԶսĻڣûݣ͵ڶȫĿĶ᲻ȣңսٴʿǵ˱ή͡
Ī͵ϮƻǳͬҲΪ֮ߡ
˵ĵˣˣ͵ϮλսΪó
һļƻϸ׳ƿ죬ǷԵʱûմӪӵ°빦ʩȵĻᶼо¡
ĪĽĵһЦ֪ⷽʤΣȥ
һܷԼسȻϲʤҹǱȥĴӪݰصԼλõĳ
ɽ̽˵ǹζϷʱŻƻճһƬʩȡ
ĵ˵ͷͬķ˰ĪҲе˧У̽鵽ʼùսƻ
ļƻĪָͳֶĴӪӪ󣬴ʱɴһǧҹɫڻӲ͵Ϯݡ
Īֺ󣬱ȥŲˡ
ΪλõԭֵļȶϷʵǳסֻǷҪ󣬲ûһƬֻȴˡ

ʱһսȻδ˵ԪȴһԱ󽫣ͳ˧Ƴͷۣ֪ѵá
ʮϸ۲죬ҲʽʻܵΣֱ˾е󽫾ͳԭſµĽʿǡ
ſͳΪʧԼʿ䣬һƷͳԼ˲ͷɥ
ԭſ˵ĸųʣ±ŽʿǺŸɡ
һǻѪҪʩչȴԼС΢ҶԲĽʿǽоãԻδȵսڲ϶
īʱȴǿǰŽһģսƺʿ޲ýʿǶ塢κԸհͿء
պĪֱЩЧҵĽʿǣɱפӪ
ʱͳƳ˧оսžԶīľƣīһ˴οǴʵ۵±ʤľ״ռīģʧܡ
ֻļƻδãԼĸ˵̽īѴŴֶ·Ӫ
Ƴû뵽ֻԼһīǰսȻǰ˳ǵ⡣
˼Ҳ·һ·Լ죬һ·󽫾ʴ죬Ӫȥī
פӪһۺ죬ϱɱһ
ֻɱ˲ʱƳԸоī̫٣ԼĴ
һīʼսˣ¶սдϲ׷ɱīīȫû
ĪһսϵͬʱȫˣƳʤУһīҪӣôȫ׷
ȴܸоЩԣթ㲻ȥ׷ī
ϧĸУټϱƲĽδָӣҲȥ׷еīһ޷Ҳֻ׷ȥ
ҸϣŶϴҹɫ׷˶ʮ󣬲ɱսһ
˫սݱʱȻһĴϷҹա
һĻ˺޼ʵҹգ졣
ãм졭ӪƳתͷһķפӪķ򣬶ʱʧɫĺ

 69 


Ƴٹ˲սɱսˣ˾ӪȻ𣡡
ʱʿ࿴ĴһǷλ֪ԼҴӪ˻𣬾͵ϮϳɶھӪأҲ˵ĻûսҲҪ̬˭ܱסһȫˡ
˧Ъ˹ȥȻĺʱҳһ࣬ȿֺܣΨһͻᱻ硣
īʱܵĻᣬٲƷװսʱս壬ű󣬵ǹһͨɱ
ƳһҲֻȥˣĻ˼űӭУֻһζĴӪȥ
ܵӪʱ򣬷ŴĴɱĻֻʣһΪأŻҲֻ֮һ
ʹѸٵĸ˻δԸľڴ֮С
ڷͷԭݿȼճһƬ𺣡ͣ죬ƺɵһУö衢ͰȻʿһ˻ٽš
δϽŵʿǣԼѹеĶӣǰĴĶӳճ޼ʵľ
ʱĪֺѱ·ӪΧĴҵѾû˵ֿĽһʱ
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ʿΪûϣ󲿷˶ʧȥ˵ֿͻȻһ˧˵ȥݿԻʱȼϣ
Ѿ룬ʣµΪܻȥ¹ʿ
֪ǶΪһΪ˽ͼʿȫս˳Ӫ
εҪĿҲƵսɱһǧ˰ٵʤڽٱϡī˵ʵһʤ
Ȼ˻ҾԮֺα۽׷ɱǣֻҪǵ֮ǰԼȽݳǸǵĺ·Ȼһ򾡡
ľïݵı߽ϣӴ˴ҹУձɵݳǡ
ȫȻشӪÿ˴ϹõĿˮоݳ׼һݳǡ

ȥݵʱҲڼиľأȥ·ϡ
ƿ»صݵһ죬ŽĶԻ͵˵Ϣ
Ͷս־һסҪȥŽֺǿ
Ž֪СƢжԼҲŷſ͵˳ȥԼȥһˣҲܵү
Լһͬȥ
һ·Ǽпϣò׵īӪȴ־ӪѿտҲֻмʮʰŻδļߵľʡ
˲֪ԭǰȥݣҪӪˣʰĶҲҪȥ
֪ھеְλ̫ͣҲʲƵŽתͷȥ
ǵݵʱĴڹǣҲֻȳѰطš
ձīոݳǣȫʤϢնഫУ֪˴һ·ʤĳеĶӣȫ
Ϊеͬʱֵƣ޲ϼһҲ뵢飬Ž˳ǡ
һţ㿴ܶ·սʿеڳˢϽѪ
ڵȵʱݳǻҪưϼ֣յĶѳԫܱڡ
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˾о֣ʵսѪưܾǰֱ۵뵽˵ʱɱʱĐҾ
Ǻһ·ߵδܿʿսڽֱߵʬ壬󲿷ǵоģҲīġ
кܶ˵ʿ֧·ЪϢеڵʹ/š
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ս˵ʹ;һᵽʲôĲ̺Ϳ־塣
ԴΪܰѱǻѪȵζ
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ˵Ҫº庣̡Ҫսֹսֹսǵʹࡣ
̫ƽ֮ǰ֪ҪٴĲң
ŽԴӽ˳Ǿһֱ겻ģѪĳţ㿪ڰοҷˣүǰٹո͵ˣĪ¡
ջҵЦЦҲ£ֻû뵽ȷѪ꣬۲Ҿ󡭡
Žܣ̾˿Һݱү˻Ȼ³ҡ
˵˱ſڣŽͳƸ˿ȻֱӽˡָүڵǰλãʶȤȥһԡ
ߵǰãĪ֮ս£פ㡣
ϴɫʧȥ˱ɫ罦Ѫһ㸲ţȾ˰߲İɫ
רעս۵ʱЩƽյ㵭ݣ˼ָ߹Ӣһֲزסġ·֮Եſ
һ֮ǰδֵ캳صİȻĪӿһİĸо
ְǱսŵҪġҪģЩոܹսݱİպ;һѪȷĽʿؽġ
һİڵǿƺ
֪ȥֱȵĿ䵽Ϻһ˲ˣŻ
Īֿһ漴뵽˵صԭǳЦЦá
˴кĪֶүȥţˣҹúЪЪɡ
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˵ˣˣÿ£һ·ˡ
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·ûвȫ̧ͷŽģľƣһ·ͨ衣
Ǳմˣҵ˽Դǣһ᱾Ҫú÷
үҪ𣿡ģҲ͵ܳȫԲŴӦҵģĪҪ
Ƕǹġ
ɷӣͷЩĵǺͲɢȥתĵ׻һȻϲ
ͷŻƵСһһϵģת˵ŶԼ˼뵣ǣҲƲסĵ׷ĳֵͷסĴ
Ѫζͺζ֯һζûо˿УоʱôԸкˡ
һɫİֻ˵ķŶĺİϣܲ˵ļ̵õ
ͻȻðҰԵͷͷԷΣݺݵ˱,Լɵĺ
ֱ糺˫հƿ
źү˵ģү˺֮ǰʲôҪ룬ЩǸү˸ʤ̵Ľϣүպٽÿζ쿪ʤ
Ƿ۵СЦˣȱãôɽˣǱϧ㡣
˫һү˵ûС
㷽š
һҪˣ˵꣬ȥ˵
˻۵ĵһ
֪˿ˣæ֣۵䣬ʪġŶϸǱոѪʪģֻ֮ǰѪȾ˰ɫһʱûܷ֡
ɰۻˣүѪˣûƵĻ֣·ҿ
ЦˣȷҪñ·

 70 


ˣ˵Щеûģ߰£үƤɹġ
˻һӣԽԽûûС޷ˣʲô˵
조ߡһȥ
Ҳ֪˭û˵һ˭˭Сءһ߸һȥѡ
ȥ˿ףһȥ񿴵ǴϺ˿ʱĿһۣʱᡣ
ζĿһۣ˵Ǻαأһ
Ȼ֪⻰ν⣬߱ĸ֮ܲޣȴǱ˽ʱ
īңڲʹҪҲҪȵȨܺƽӵһ졣޹İպͽʿΪĸᡣ
ֻ˵ν︺
ЦЦ򵥸һ£ڸ⣬мǸƽľڣǱ㲻Ϊκһ±췴ıǩΪ˳ַΪʸ֮ء
Щˣǳ͢棬ٻŹҵĸʳŰյĹѪԣһûЩӳ͢һ֮ǰҲҺͰմѡ
˵ͷܲһֱŵࡣֻǿǸѪܵĴ󶴣ʵ̡
Щү֣һСŮҲܡֻүô˿ٴѿѵһҲϧԼ壿
۵תͷȥĨһᡣ
˿ܱѾЩ׷ף⼸ճһֱſûкúôʹ˿ڶ񻯡
ɤ÷ۣѯӣж۰
ֻ·ȥϹỨ˹ǣĪޣۣ
ļرЦˣүã˻ˣ㿴ЩѪͲ»Ѫ𣿡
ϧĿеһǣûоۣ⼸һֱţǸ·ǹǣĻ˵ϡ
滨Сͷһת˵նδԡˣʵϵĳζ˿ڸܣ۱һϴϴɺã
СƵģյűţһˣ˭Ҫϴ˵Ȼ֪ϧԼ壬ҸҪ㡣
үϴױźȥҵȥҽʿ
˵תҪߡȴһסȥңҽʿǲãҰеҽʿȥЩصʿȥˡ
Žȥһ
Īȥˡһסϸҵ˲ԻһܶʿҪȣȻûˡ
ǡ
Ŀ񻯵˿ڲκεĴ
Ȼ뵽Լִʱŵʿľѧһ㴦˰ļɣǶ궼δϹˣҲ֪ԼܲУ뵽ٲãҲܱɿǿ
ŽȥЩɢֹѪҩȸүֹѪҸүҽʿǸүҽοҩ
ҲӣкܶҪɲԼɸӡ
񿴵еϷʣ˾죺Сˡ
˵겻ȥֱȥŽ
һᣬŽͬʱˣŽϹϴˡԼʧְԴǡ
תͷһ񣬼Ͱ͵Լ飬죬Žˣɣ²Ϊ
Žл˶վٺЦű֤϶´ˡ
һۣ֪ƤȥŵİɴƿҩʣĪҪҰ
Īүңʡ
ţʵţֲ˵Ȼ϶ʹСӻ
ɤӣĪŽе飬ûУҽʿ˴һġ
ߣǻǲţֱ˵²˵ķϲȥƽϣתȥˮˡ
ڨЦ£Ŀš
Žһϸţ̾ǿŲûЦСֶʲôаүŪôصģ
򴽣ŽһۣĿСһԿʲôأȥ
Žһ޹ĻؿȥʾԼʲôס
ˮ˿ڡ
ŽϸһϵˣһҲЦˡ
æԹԵվһԣʱǲܼ˿ʹƵġ
ˮš˸ɾӣ˿ܱߵѪϸɾֹѪҩۣðɴ˿ű۰һϸ
ŰļһҲѷɫЩҽʿҹϸһҲûŪЩԾˡ
ԭǺǣŵǱСˡ
һĵִİգû뵽ôͱ˰ɡ
ʵǰүšڳһܵĽ
ͷЦһߴ·һ߶ŽȥԸԺ͸ǣϼ򵥴ɨԺδ˯ˣȥЪˡ
ǣȥ˵ŽҴ˳ȥ
վۺתסֵ߰㱾űȥЪϢ
ֲǣڰǸж뱩¶ݣүĪҪģֵ̫ܡ
ΪҪݣ
С죬ɫү̵ģǾñ֪ŸŮ˳룬񲻰װ׻ү
һЦڲ˳ĸݣϧͺ޲ðѸˣԣ
ȴǲ¶˵ʱʹү£ҿɲүø̰ͼŮɫұҩʦү
ЦҡҡͷСһĶֻ࣬ҪģҲȥˡ
ţ˺ԺҲӴɨˣй˱õԡ
޷ԡҪΪԱԡ
˷ۣƤ뵽ˣǴˡ
һСΪȥȻ֮ǰ˲֪˴˵ٻˣû״̬ǰǺڿ
ԼֱΪһĲ塣Ϊϴϴ˺󱳣ֲ˲ǰأСĵıܿ˿ڲֻ첲
ȻһӣƳһʣµүԼɣȳȥˡ
վţҪߣϽһץס˵۵Ķˣˡ
֮ǰү˵ۣսݺƸ˺üգһṦ۵Ķˣ
֮ǰΪһֱţԸоڼһɣ۵ܲˡ
Ȼ֪ڹʹ˵ĸ첲ܶǲһֻõ뵽˵ôĵ׻ˣһʶ
ҧҧ´ùӣˮššȫøɾ
һ֪ߡյһۣתȥȡ¡
Լ鲻ԽЦЦ
Լ·һƿͷչүôͺˣձԼϴɡ
æͷֵĿĵСﻹ˵˺֮ǰһͷҲˣ
үȥ˯Ҫϴˡ뿪
ϴ
үգұ㲻ϴˣȥʹ˳ȥ˳ֹغԡţ룬ţŷ·
ϴڴ˯ʵˣһ
û˯ƽʱһ˯¾Ͷ˶ģӹﶼ͸һָ߹š㶨Ǽδ˯ۼˡ
վڴ߾һ˲鲻Խһǡ
Լ˯źƵȭӰ쵽ȡһȥ˯ˡ
˯ҹ˯Ѽ䣬̧ߣǿյģٿؾ۾һ

һδ˻Ӧʱľͻˡҹĺ˶δлӦСȥˣ

 71 


˼ѣҪȥѰȻƳһˡ
Ϊ˯ʵڲʵȻ棬Ҳŵ˵ϡ
˯ģİСĸ
˯˷ŵģЦˣûôжѵˡ
߹ȥʰŵһߣ뱧ϴŷ˵ļʵòֻֻø첲˼磬һ沼Ƶá
δѣ˯ŪЩ̿
ŵϸǺ˱Լ˻ȥֻǱ۾ҲѺ˯⣬ԣӶѹԼͷһһ֮ǰҹĲ࣬Խ
ȴֹ˼֮ǰֻܹ˹ᣬ嶯ȥвʵĺӣǵýָ£ܸеİƵá
ǵڶĵˣǱѵģѹؿڵֺֻһϵجΣҲǦƵóҪ
ҹԼ˯ϵģʱֱ˴һҲ֪
ļϵˣæȥ鿴һûгѪġ
һԽֳֻˣȴôҲƲҪ
ȴ֪ʱѵһָ˴ϣֻճϵѹƵĺ޷ֻ֮ܺš
Ĵĸ첲µү콫첲ÿҪ𴲡
˵ˣ㻹ңĪҪıɱ׷򲻳ɣ
һͨҷ
ĪҪһҲ䣬һ˶ҿɾͲܲˡ
һŵĵʱһֻ˳èٲҶˡ
ѹ£ͷһϲ۾ĿļһЦ񣬳Ϭ
˧һչսʤɫ,ѹĲк֮İ侲ү˺֮ǰʲôҪ룬ſҡ
̾һֱֻ̧ۣĵ˲ʲôİʵȫԡ
æħצ¡
Ҳ£źϴԺҲˡ
йЦʣ֪үԵʲôûмɿڵģ澺ȥȥϡ
ЦأŵϱˣԺСΪүɣûоִһպҪԺΪүҩš
һͨϣ֪ǸͨˣṆ̀Ȼҵ
æЦصλӵĻֳɵСеģ᷿ߵĶԺԭسǵĽסģĶһӦȫӿǻЩʲôԸūȥðǡ
ЦЦãȥæɣҽ㡣
ȣáЦӦ󣬱ȥ
үԵȣȥš˵꣬תȥС
ĶһӦȫֻҪʳȴ̫࣬ŵиӣùܲɰ˳ȥ
֪ս¸ս϶ܶ黹Ҫֳɵʳĸ˸Ѫ࣬ڵСˡ
ź꣬°ҩ²ãŷȥæ
һߣҲûʲô¿ˡ뵽ߵļݺܶϵҲδرԼտҵõľ¥Ҳ֪ôˡ
һʱҲ˲ЩˣҲ֪ʱܻأֻòƹȸˡ
뵽⣬ʸƹдһ飬һЩպľ飬ȥݡ
ϵ£û¿ˣæĿһʱЩ̫Ӧҵôĵʱ䡣
ֻһ뵽Լʲôˡ
ոմ̵ݳǣؽˣӦҽʿˡȻԼῴԱĻԼʤεġȥˣоԼӦȥһ
װȥѰŽԼȥҽʿ
Ž뷨һоǲףھ͵Ҹо㲻ôҲչǸŮӵݣܰ˶֪ӪﶼЩںӣ˭Ҳ˵׼˵ģôȥǰ˿ءֻڸչү͵ˣȻҽʿš
ôʲô¾ֻүأ
£㾹ң˵Ҳῴ֪ȣ˿ڴʱ׸պܶǻģԾ缰ʱİ˿ҲһҪ顣˵ҽʿҲŮʲôñܻġ
Ž˵񿪿ڶ˻ȥүŲʹҽʿȥ˵ĸصȥҽΣΪҽʿֲһܰæȴңһү״
㲻ȥѰҽʿ㣬ұ˴ȥ
ŽһҭĶʱ˵΢죬״ϾԼոշȻ𡭡һû¡
֮æסˣ˵ҲԣȻҴȥǡ
΢΢һЦ⻹ࡣ
룬С֧ʹ㣬ܰүѹô

ҽʿǸھӪרŴļҽԱǿŲ
ÿҽǰˣб׵ģȳȵģŸ첲ģظģ·ҲȫѪɫ԰ףʹࡣ
񿴵һĻһ꣬תͷŽôô˿ôࣿ
Žε˵еĲι˵ģ֮ǰïʱˣΪоûļҽΣһӶӵ
˶٣ֵЩǺõģ˵ģԼ߹ˡܶϸ첲ȵģصģ綼̧ӣҽʿǶǷָػȸصֵ꣬Щˡ
˵ͷŽԼܸΪ׵һλҽ١Ž¼򵥵˵һ£δ˵꣬ҽٱ۷ŹĴĻ˵úúãʱüء
һɨŽһۣŽװûƲƲ졣
ͿҽָָŶӵЩˣ˵㿴ȽЩĴȥһҽһ£Ƕˣ㲻ῴҲ޷Ҽ򵥺˵һô˿ڣٸһЩֹѪɢͽɢȥǰɡ
˵һС˵ȥλӶЩ޲ҩҩģȥǼյҽʣ¸֣Ϥٻ
Сǣһ·Сܵȥȡȥˡ
ҽ˻æУ·ǴܵġԼıҪˣߣߣӣҪȥ
ŽǼƣֵǣںƤ˲ںӵ塣оû취ү
Žоûɣ̫ˡо̻Ҫѣĺۣƣ
ҪҪȥȰȰʱ򣬾ͿС˻ϾʡŽһ޷ֻܸȥ
תͷȥɣ£ﶼǾҲȫ㲻øˡ
Ž죬һȺںӰȫʲôһұϿţиģֱԳȥ
ЩεЦˣװ磬ֶǲˣĻأͲҸǺúðء
ŽüΪ⡣Ų뿪Ҫһֱŷġ
Žһβӣȥˡ
С͵͵ŽһۣɫƣҲδҴֱӹ˵λӣȥ㱸ЩˮȻٴһЩ˱Ⱦͺá
˵ͷСȥˡ
һԱߵŽһ;裬Ц֪Ǻģܻܲ±飬˼Աûˡ
Žһ㶣û㻹˵Ϲ֣ǰЩݻ˵ӢҪ˵أôˣˣ˸ۡ
һЦʣʲô飿ǲĵأ

 72 


ŽǶ˶뷴ͿһԱʹ˽
ȥתߣעȫԱϡ
ԱԼǰҽԣΪ˿ϵӣǱļǵ˿ڣһ
˿ܱߵƤ׷ţѪˮճҺɢŵζиܵļ󡣯}˲һ㼦ƤŴҲûֹƬö۰
Сʪרĸ
ЩۣҪ̡Ա˵
ԱٺһЦС˱ǵʲô͸Ĵξˡ
Ͷ˸޵΢Ц˵ͷŽĿ˳
ڿɲȥעŽһҪΪүϬĿˡרĵ˿ڣȥ˿ܱߵѪŧҺָȵϺҩۣϸϡЦŶ⼸˿ڲˮպҪҩ
ԱЦӦˣлȥһ
ÿһԱǣʱŤʹ࣬ȥʱȴֻһЦ
գ˿ʱϸԱһʮʮٵɢ˳ȥ
ŶеԱܿͨǰҵĽͷӶȫ֪ˡ
ǱҽһλƤϸۣƤϸṫӡ˿ʱһ˫а׵ϸ֣ߣֺֿãҪһҲʹ
⼸λҽʿ˿ʱܲ˵Ļƣǿ־һĥ
ǺЩԱ˵Ļصģȫӵ⡣ֱˣæҲδܺһˮ
ŽϾҪҹˣÿ뿴ʣ¶ˣһһЩͷһʱδͷ
ô˾ٿϸҲ갡οٻҩŽ̾һ֪ûͷˡ
룬תߵС˵Ѿҹˣү˻صѣ߰ɣҲôˡ
ҲˣһҪϻȥҩţ˵ͷŽѵȰһأһϲ˵Ц⡣
֣ʸߴңԼȻȥϢһ
һֻ㬵ȶ뿪ˡ
Ž˳ǣصԺУѾ˵ƣֱŶ룬ֻڴɨŷӡ
һ죬֪δأһɣȥСˡ

ݳ£ݵȴīڣ˵ս
ݵսܵϢƳӦþ֪ˡһ޺Ԯݣػݣǻѡ·ӻ
ֻҪһıо·ߣĽʿµѾʧءһʿ֪ûкԮûݱĶңˣɴʿӴܣʱΧ˵õʱ
һʵļƻ֮ڡȻ֪ǵо·ߣȻҲüˣֻҪþͺá
󣬽Ī֣Ƴսƻ֪ιΪĸȥ
Ī˾ֱȥ˾ӪɽİŴȥ
ԴϴγɹƯĻĴӪĪֶΣίΡָһ󹦵Ļᣬһϲս˷ܵһֱĥȭơ
һ󹦣˵үƷľ˾ݣҲȥСףʡˡ
Īֵ㽫ձһͬȥǰõ㡣

սºҪʼæµڸִСϡ
ݳαǧٿף༬ֵһӿһʱҲĳʷֵǺܶ鶼ҪԹʣһʱæǻ찵ء
ʱݵƿ˼˵ǰһ֧ݵı߾߾ʿ̫٣һʱûֵܵסȥһЩţʳһЩ򣬻ɱ˼ʿ˼ʮ
üͷһīﾹû䵽㾳أܱߵĵС侮ʯûˡ
ȴ⣬ֻҪڣɲκιĹ˷
ʸƿһ⣬˵ԭݵһྫȻȥ°һ±߾أȥī߾ľݣ۹ؾսֻҪɱĶߵĲＴɣ֪īɲ׸ġ
ʵӦúܿͻյƳܵϢ֪˴δսȫûʱ൱Թ˲ϾʹȥҲȥҲǴͬˣǹϵ϶ĺʱ
ְһЩ飬һдú󣬱㽫ŽһһཫʿݣŽƿ¡
˳⣬Ǽϱʿ׼һ

æµһ죬صԺʱѿ캥ʱ
ĽŲæӭԴˮ־档
˻ۣɫЩ԰ˣʱ۵ĲУæȥѰŵҩúòһ
һŨŨҩζ±ǣʣҳԷǳҩôйҩζ
˵ҲԼƿȥ
۵һֻ۵ڼɫŨ̶ȣ֪ûڻ¹
滹ƮźЩģϸ˿ϳ轡ء顢ЩҩģȻһЩϵĶ
ö룬ֻ⼸ҩľ֪νҩžǸѪġ
΢üżСʢһ룺ү⿴ȳúû̫κϣ˶˿ڻָŸá
һڣ̣ŨȴҲûжζֻƷһҩζ֮ǰĲȣȷʵóԡ
ʵǺϲҩζȻЩֳܱˣŵȳ극Ҹɲˡ
װģֺһڣͷ˵ǲôԵĲأ
ĪүȻ֪ģЦ
ĿһĵʧˣҪ˵ǰȢ檣йӣ϶ǼġɲСʲôǵͷһڣǵڨЦ
ֶܼǼǵĴı￴ʲôˣԸо񡣡
ȻЦŶŪú𣿡
ͷŷӦСڹϷŪԼӵĸȡ
ֱȥͷһ£ȴɵĶ˹ȥץ˸գС˳ȥ
ܱЦ˵ȻЧҲ࣬ү飬ϿЩȥŵĲȥ
ԼϷŪɹЦŸ˺һŸ½ȴϾûˡ
²ˣѰʱͻȻһֱֻһѽȥ
»ˣ֪ʲôæġ
㿴鲻飬ʲôЦ˵

 73 


ֻ֪Ҫһ˴˸ƵģĸԼȥ
үҴˣһذɣ´ٲϷŪˡ
ģһѽӵıϣȥͿʼ
Ѿһûˣ֪ӵ̵סǰϵһᵽըѽĺ󣬱Ͷղˡ
Ҫҹ·ۼϧΣͲˡ
֪Լľ仰ܲס˻ǣȻԸѹţǹ˼ϵ˲ʹֻܱʪյš
·Ҫȹڵģ֪ҪˣæڵүˣУ
ͷϹţҽʿҿˣ˵ĺܺã˿ûж񻯣վȬˣû£Ӱ졣
ͷ֪£ҹѪŻʱɫţܲסģſң
Լ֪ûˡ
˵°ڣ֪šģҲˣֱͦͦţүȰ㣬Ҫ㡣һΪү˲˸տҵľģȻүްǽҹұúź㣬վͻȥ
˵ҲҵĽԼ·ˣԶֽ
̧ͷһۣ˵Ż֪СƢ˵߿϶ߡãֻգ
Ҳ£·󣬿ЩˣԺ䣬˵ˣȥŰɡ극ٰҩҽʿ˵໻ҩϵĲŻ졣
ĻͻȻЩЦæӦˣ´ȥźš
һһ룬һ˸⣬ٲƷװģϸϸƷˡ
˵ľͷ֪ܲ룬ʵЩ̿
ЦүɻУջҪ𣿡
죬˿ڲ裬ҩζ嵭Щſ˵ܺãռ
ʵ̲סˣЦˡ
ţַԡһȥ
ү񿪿˵ҽȥӪˣΪʿȥˡպȥ᲻ң
ᡣĬһ˲˵ïһսԱڶ࣬ҽͲãܶһ˰ǣȻǺõġҪˡ
Ц֪ү壬ңҾº壬һҲûоۡ
үģзִģ˵صĻ˵ĲǵطģұҽʿȥˣֻܼĴһЩˡ
˹˼ԼŻĵһƲ˵ԥͽҲȻˡ
ǻԡɢ㣬۾һ
ԣȴֻɽ۲Ⱦָ˵һĥļ˻ܡ
үɲԲŽȥӪˣ
ţԳʲôʱ򣬾Լ
ΪΣ
ҽһ˭ɫһɷģܶԱ˵ԱΪҽʿҸĿﻹõүæĻڵأȥЩȥ
΢΢ЦЦ֪ŽƢˣȻӦȥӪȻҪɡ
áȥ𡣡
ĵĺٺһЦ̧ͷһڣ֪үˡ
Цˡ

ڶһ磬źŻҩȥ˾Ӫ
ߵݸ˾ְæµţһߵĪֺҲûš
ѾʿȦֻˡ
ֻû뵽еôǶġ̽ӿ˺üΣſǵӰоٶȣԤƿʱǲܵ
ĪһԹ֪һʱˣеһС
ɣһϣҪǵȦ˷ֱ֣ܵһȲԵĺＱӡ
ʱһֱߵԽ˷ܣЦϴôֻĺӣ˷ܵľͲϴˡ
ƨʱõһͷΪܸĽԼУԺС￴Լ̫ףƽʱѾܿעŲ˵໰ˡֻÿǰֵǶʱǻ᲻ôһ䡣
תͷƳһۣΪǻǷǰһ·ſڱտڵѽѽġ
ٺٸЦͷôһ׵㣬Ҹоص˹ȥƵġ룬ʱ𣬳˳⣬ʱҲƽ׶ôء
㡭㲻˵Ժ͸˵ûڸɵĿǼȹĴ£𣿡
ɵһ˫ۣбŽü߳
ƺЩƲȥһͷһ߹ôоΪǸأ
һҧһԹϣƨٻ˵
һڣְ˸۵ĴԹϣģͷҲˡ
ɿһۣ˵ˣӶɱ˳һȥȾơ
ģЦתϴģֵǿ϶㳤
Цŵ˵ͷ⻹ࡣ
ֺͼǰֵܳһƪۿ콥˵ЦֻڲʳԱĲڲݴУԶ߽ԼİΧȦ
ʱƳȽǵߣֹӣ׽ΧȦĪһ£ڸīѸٺΧȻʼ
һʱ£ܼǣ˶
ɵδܷӦô£ѾһƬ
˧ƳһãԼĴīİΧæȫȫͻΧɽΪڻ
ĪῴͼѸ£ΧȦסȥ·ߡ
һ·ӣʼǾֲѣߴֲҽׯ±˷⵽īĶ½أһֱҳоڻҰϡ
Ϊݱջ٣һ·ڹҰˣйƤ˹ѣʵͻɱһЩս
Щ˵ҲǱˮнܶѾ;ܳܵļޡ
ͻȻ֪ðīΧˣǹһɱ֪ǳεȵľŻҡﻹ˿Ƴ˧ȫֿ
󲿷ֱֵͶ˽һڵֿͬҵĲ̤
ֻһ֧˵Ƴ˧һȽϱȱڣɱΧ˳ȥ
һƳӳ˰ΧȦеܷŹз˧ϴ߼ʮ׷˳ȥ
ս֪Լܲһһ̧ǰ˳˳ȥɸ˦һξ롣
˫ӭѪϦ׷ããĿҰϣһ·ĳ
Ƴ翴׷ᣬһʱܱ׷ϣҲܽ˦·ż׷
ɴ䲻࣬ȴõӱۺɨǰļʸҲûмˡ
Ҳüʸţɱ˼ʮȻԼ˼䣬ֻǻͻȻҲƴƵģһȻǰ˳ȥӿٶȡ
ɿƳѾԼ̷Χˣһ
Ƴʸһ֮ϣ֧Լĺ󱳷˳ȥҲʾϷһ
ʱڴ׼ڶȿƳļʱѷǰһ͵ͻȻоһʹǼ͸ļƬ
Ƴ翴мưһЦĵһ˵ġ
ŭҲ֧һѽγǴԼѪļط˻ȥȴδƳ磬һֱһ
һһ֮䣬ƳĿһܳɵ̷ΧҲµʹ׷ȥ
ʱĪҲӲ׷ϹżһᴩƳս˫һ˻ȻأƳҲ޷Ĵˤ
ҲǷ֮ˤǵʯ֮䣬˲һͣ²˲䣬㱻Ļȥ
ͬһٶȻ׷ĪҲѸܵǰж½ء
ɴĻһ˻ĪҲƳսͣ
Ƴһͣ£ЩȻҲͣʱɴǼʮתҲǰ֧˲ɱһ
Ī˫һУƳ磬°ͣʾ
Ƴһ׷ǰж½أ֪ȥ·һᣬĪɱȥ
ս˼ʮغϣƳǲУһأһѳ˲Ĳϡ
ʱҲĲȫɱڵϱĪýָŵƳ磬һЦѸԽˣ껹ºݺݵֲһš
Ī𳤽ɵ˵ͷȥٴŷ뽵ݸ
ɱȭо񣺡ǣĩ
ƳͬĪһȻ֮ǰ֮ءԼ򵥵İ˿ڣͬĪֺʹһ𷵻ݡ
սһζʱµ֮սȫīʤ

 74 


ĪִŴڼպصݣȽڳľӪִһȥ
һֱھӪԱҩ񣬽ӭһµԱԱǲ࣬˵Ҳأܴġ
ǵ̸ЦУ֪ȥΧɱ֧ʤӪˡ
ЩǵĿĺ˷Ⱦڸǰ˿ʱ˼ս
һ˱˧ŷĪĴ˧иλ¸ҵ׷о£ϲһɫĸһ
ۼսѪĲ̣оʿ˵ЩһܲսƬ
ҲĴȲƱĵսôԭʼͲпġÿһεĺƽǾִСС֪ٳսŻġ
λʿԽ˵Խ˵ƵģˣֻܿЦŽˣ֪ͨһԱ
½˱ҪúõĸԼ˿ڣΪ칦磬ⲻҪúÿһҹҪ˿Ӱ顣
֪ⶼʤȻƾܣ˵ҲᾡΪǰġ
תæµһ죬ۿƻ轫Ҳ뿪ʱˡʰһԼĶͿֽһꡣ
ɫڣԲ΢֣һ˫С۾һֺͷԵĸо
֪ԼΪ˾ȣЦкˡ
ǰ깫ӣһʱЩ㣬㡭˺ðҲδ˵Ļ
ķٶͿͻȻת˳ȥ
һߣҡҡͷԣ϶ߣͻȻӿԱһ߲ˣ̺ðõĶźöӣһһʼ
ҽʺ󣬷ɿסӪʡ
ھҲǸСĽְΣҲӵһľʡ
ʱø֪˵£׾Ұء
Ȼڴڽһһ̧־ҪĴԹϡ
ŵĸæ̧۵ֵϴ㡭˵ٴҼˣ
˭ɸղ̧ʱ˿ڣ۵ûкأµ˵£ҽôʰ㡣
ǸӡҲĿţ˷ܵ˵Ǵ깫ӣҼˡ
һ飬˲˵˭ˣ˫۶ų˺ƽʱһĹʡ
һ鶼ˣ̲סЦŶϴջ˵һ˵ⲻһ˵ˣ񶼱Ĳһˣ
ϷԼ̧־ȥ
ϴҪңҾͲ˵ˡ̿ŵ
̧ڰյȻͣĳԼͷЦҪ㣬ͷˡ˵ļģ˵Ⱦơ
ϴ˵ҪμϴɴӦξˡ
ɼġ˻һ֪֪϶نŲҪԹˣ
ٺɵЦ˵߾Ӫҽ
Ķҽҽô࣬ȥ
ӦһҲˣͷ˳ȥҽ⣬ָָǣǶڣҷ˿ʱģΪ֪ͨ㣬˻ûļýȥһˡ˵̧žҽȥ
һѽͣȥǱⶼûˣȥǣȥ
ƲƲ죬˶˵ϸۣҲȥҽʰ
ɷһɣüһ˻һ̧֣ŵٲϻæˡ
ɿһȥıӰԼľװ̧˽ȥ
ƿźҿۣҽСӰֻһСʰŶĵһ
ƭתһ룬ӦûӣƭԼһ۾;۵׵Сϸ˼ȦҪڵ߸ҳһ
ʱʰСҲע⵽ɣľװӦλ٣˹ЦλһҽʿߣҪҩĻɡ
۹һߣɼˣ֪ĸ𣿡
СҡҡͷרҽɨģδλҽʿҲ֪ȥֻ˵λĹӣĲ
ʧĵ˵ͷԼ㬵˳
һָоµʹˡΪżѰ˿ڶûаϾװͳˣʱһɣеעֶ»ص˿ϣټ˴·ĶĦ۵ĸѵ
صԼӪʺһͷԵխСоϣ۾һԼƽȥ
Ͽ˯ȥһգ۵Ĺ˯աЩȲȥ˵ǸҽʿǲԼ˼˶С
ЩģϴˣԼֻܿջϲһ
ǸܻˣôھӪҽﵱҽʿأͲʮߵӣôΪҽʿģСﵽ׻жԼ֪ģԼ𣬻ǻװʶԼͻȻʹɵð˳
ɱ۾ҵţͻȻеһķϵ˶Ūˡ
ģֵʼС֪칦Ҫʼˡҹ𣬼⣬ƣΪףʤһҹ
ͦڴҹģһҪǳҹû飬ֻſ˯
һ򰮹ߵɲŹһѰˡ˲ţɫƵӣҲûʵôϴĪǹְˣǰϳˣ
ƨٿʵСӿǴҵǸ𣿡
ҴƱ׼ûҵˣҾֻһôܻϴĪû
ţҽȥʱߡ
Ŷ֪ɫΪʲôôˡæڵӦûȥˡҹȥȾưɣֵǿɶϴأ˵һǧ
Ƴһۣ뵽ôңԼ϶Ҳ˯ţֵȥȾƣʱĻܿЩ㷭˴

֪ҪĪһںԺ칦ƣԹ˻ᣬøǶ׼¾Ʋˡ
еĲһ꣬㽫ƺͲ˶˵Բϣٸǰں;Ʊкһ̸ֱսµĶ˹
һ˵ţһĪˡ̸۵ս²ȤҲϲҲˣ˵ԼȥЪԡ
֪⼸ҲУЦӦˡĪȻҲÿЦЦͱˡ
ЦݣԼض᷿Ϣȥˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱΰѼ䣬͸оиѹԼϺҵţһľҲ֪
ǿճһƤӣү˻ûãôٺȵ㣿
ոˣĪҲˣͶ˼
Ȼүȶ˾Ϳȥ˯ɣҹҲˡ
Ϊԡɡֱճϣһ㲻ҲļƣҽջδϴһĺЩоܲ
类òˣ֪Ҳ˯ˣһȥĸɾ½ԡ
ȵκģЦ۶̧˫˸ɾԴϴδӦÿΪԼԡһ쵱¡
ѾΪԡˣÿο廹ǻоЩΪ飬رһͻзӦ
ȻܶͶ㣬ȥǴǰһƣҫʲôƵġ
ˬӣƳһۣȥ΢΢˫ۣͷҲΪû壬˵һ顣
ǲ̧ͷһЦһϴɡ
˯ǰϴˣתȥϴͿȥ˯ˡ
򴽣±۾Ըת˹ȥ
ϴ꣬Ϊ˺󱳣һ˵ʣµүԼɣȥ˯ˡ
оſԼе㲻̫ԣʲô˶Ͽ롣
תȥһһˮͱ˴һ˻
֪ܲʲôæү˻ûãܻ֣û

 75 


ֻĻˡ
ֱڶʱɸоǱѹģֳۡ
뵽ҹķ⣬´ƺԼҲͬ˯ˣܶԶͶԶ˾ƺзֱͲˣһͷ׺ޡ
˶ӣתͷɳ©ʱѿʱˣٿôˣǵʰߵӪ񲻿ˣ
ҹڵô˯ҲҲǱԹʱ⿴˿ǶδԺæЬȥ˶᷿
ԼϴҲδ˵÷ȥ˾ӪҽʡͺüԱԼ˵ģҪΪǻҩȴЩˡ
㵽ҽʣһѾվ˺ЩˣҲ˲ϸ˭һһ˵űǸ˵е£˼ˡ
Ȼһֻ첲ץסŲһ٣һôǵͽɣ
һ˫ЦеĶԼ˲ˣ϶ҲιĴӪ
첲ЦЦżͨǰ㺮ѵҲھӪѽˡҲİɣ㻹ԵȻᣬ㿴ôҪȿǰģҪǵȲȥҽʿ
ɿԼ䲻ȵô룬ʱе㲻ˬҲûֳЦЦһ飺УҲȿ
ʱǰܶʿʶɵģ֪ս͵ĸֶȫҪǶԵһȡ
ʵܵĲɽӴҲΪʱֵͽӵΪҲǲԼ˼ܸоɶԼ˵ǸΣ
ҲƾܣֻӲͷƤˡֶ˵ȻԵôã˶ȿǾɡ
ЦŶǰ˹ֵлл˰ֵǣҪżģȥȿŹҵеأʱ᳤һ㡣
ǰعͷƳһۣ֪ʵˡɾȫûģĸ˽ȥ
ȥ˳ִţ粽ߵߣԴ˷ܵı飬һ˫Ŀȫɷ⡣
û뵽ҹһţ˿աСҲûб濴ôɵȷʵΪ˼¡
Цʣ˼ˣΪβȥң
Ǵ˰Ա˿ڵģûкһ䡣
ʵԱʱһֱһȽˣȴ֪Ϊһ˲ֻ⬣ſھˡ
뵽Щɫ⣬ʵҲ֮ǰʱɢŵҲԭ˾˸ȻоԼţ˿϶Ҳ֮ǰһˡοΪܵˣʵӦǰ۹⿴ˡ
ǻ˻ˣֻɲҽΣ̫صҪȥҽʿС
һƨ/ɣĿƵġǼڸԼƲϵƵģ˵ĳɫҲ˵˾䣺±䴩ˡ
أ֮ǰɴˣ𾪵ʡ
ûдҲˡһ
һۣɫģ֪ӦЩˣڷԼ˵ʧ˷ȡ
Ҳ˼Ǹֻת˻⣺ҲҪϧԼ壬˵սӢ޵У廵˵ĻԺôϳɱС
һϲ¾ۼ˹⣬Цʣô֪սϵӣĪң
\'\'ֹεüҲԸۣ翴ȥˡ
ҲûĻ磬ת˵·ҿ˿ڡ
һȲ·һ˵һδŮӣӵĲںǿˣ𣿡ͻȻɫָæ˾䣺ҹ㣬Ҳǹ㡣
˻˭Ҫˣ㲻֪Ա࣬ҽʿٷϻͱˣȥѻøˡ
ƤЦѽҾôһ˵֪죬Сڣ˵ˣҿɡ
˵æȥ¶һͭɫľ׳򰼡
Ƴһۣûͷȥ鿴˿ڡ
˵زҪ˵Ҳ̫ᣬôߵڲб濴Ż˿Ƥ⣬Ӧǵʱμʱ˵ġӦû˵ͷ
˳ˣôղһ£ôȣ׳һȾô죿
ѰˡɼβסĹģЩȸԾˡһź̾ϧˣû㡣̵ֻû뵽ô
뵽Լԭһ졣תȥӣΪϴ˿ڡ
Ͳûߵҽʿαصңֲҽʿǹæġ
ɵͷһ˫ϸС֣ŽСϸΪԼ˿ڣͻȻůůġ
֮顣оԼ˵̫/ֵˡ
Цˣֻ㡣
ͷҲû̧ķһҪллˣ
ɺǺЦֿʼ˽ǵأͺ˵˵֮ǰ԰ôţΪһҲδһعյˣɿˣ
̧ͷһۣѪһӣҩ࣬óԼϺõĽҩָ࣬մ˸Ϳϡ
һ³һ飺յˣɿˣ
յˣҲˡҩƿһţ̧ۿ˵֪ĺãھҲˮΪΪˣҲ˶ѡ֮ǰҰǣ߲ξݶһݺƽùҶһõ˲ţ뷨ʵˣǻбҪϵ𣿡
üѵҾôʵ뷨Ͱ˦һߣϵҶˣ
ֻϿߡҲĻ֪ԼֻҪһſڣ˵Ļ粻˵޲СĵΪ˿ڡ
ΪܱƷĽƴֻΪ࿴ǣ֮ǰҰвЮֵҶȥݣЩ㻹Ļ٣ǸֻԺҵı֣ܸһνӽĻᡣЩ˵ˣ֪ǲĿˣ˵һΣʽһǸ
˿ڵһ٣ʵֻ͵ĵһţΪֻּ̫һ룬Ķڴء˵ĻҲ֪Щŵˡ
ͷ˵֮ǰǰ٣ҲŪľϷŪľЦֻǸɫĵͽӣϵı˰ˡ
ǽȴͬĳϿҡĪϲԼĵױܵһҪԶˡ
ɵͷ˼󣺡ɲԣһλᣬҲܸõ˽ңʵûϿôġ
񵭵ЦЦ̧ͷ˵ûйϵϲˣ֮ǰҺ˵ģˣ
ɶͷϵ֮ǰһֱΪΪƭߵġο˵棬ֲò˼֣ͳȷһ飺˵ģ
ΪҪƭ㣬ġֱ۾Լƽ͡
ɵ˲룬ҪƱ࣬ҳԭס
һץסֵԼؿϣżָͻɣ˵˭Ҫȥս˭ˣ

 76 


񰵻ԼŻΪˣӻǹĲ˳|ʺ˵ôײϲſķҲһ㶼û䡣һұ䱾ץԼַؿڣֱ
ƴ鶯ԼȴҲŪ̫ⲻŵһĻ
ȴԽץԽһʱŭģоӶˣֻ֪˭ɤʣ˵˭
ǡ
ͻȻֹסǺ˵ȥɣתһ룬ſĵͽʲô¸ɲ
䣬ı£Ӯġֻķ£һ˳ȥ񲻴Ҷѿ
ͽȻǲˣԼҲνȴУΪԼһϵӰ졣
ǡ˭ΪʲôҪ㣬֪ϲ˾ˣĪҪ뷨ˣǻѡ
Ц£ҿΪңڿҵİɣ
ŭЦһһ˵ǣ㣬Ҳûڿ㣬ϲ֥º񣬲ŲԴ󣬲֪߳ܣ
ſңͺ
Ļһһ׵ģŻŭ˫ۣ类ٵʹץסǲ֡
ʱҲǶ൨ֹ̧ͣһֺֻݺݵ˿ͱһȭ
û뵽ṥԼ˴ʱ۵ƺһ亹˲ץ־һɣ˳ˡ
Ѹٵ˺˼űץ۵Ƴһ˵ĵطһӿöѪѸղŸİ޲͸ˣЩڷõ̫ˡ
Ȼˣ˭Լ񣿷ԼҲҽʿҲʲôְҵ¡
۵ĲҰһ΢΢ڴϢ£ŸоԻЩ
̧ͷһۣЦЦ㿪ʼԼѡ
ܿǾʹ˵Ŀ⣬ȥɼѵ̧첲䡣
ʱעڶ˲̫Ծһƿˣϴôûãûʲô°ɣ
ϴôˣ˿ôôѪ
ɰ˿ڵİײȫѪ͸ˣȵĽе
תͷ񣺡ӣôϴ󿴵ˣû֮ǰѪֹסˣôһӣԽԽˣ
֪˭ˡ𱸣죬һʱҲ֪˵ʲô
תͷһۣ£㲻Ҫ££ҷԼСˤһ³˿ڣ޹ء
ٸһ°ɣѪô죿
û£汾ֹѪҩһͲˡ
Ƴһˣеõ̫ˣȽʱضˡ
ͻȻЩˣĵǸȥҽ￴ɣҲҽʿֻˣ˵أҽˣҡԺҲ⿴ˡ
ɴµһ٣Ц££պ͹ӷˡ
ɵıһ䣬һۣ򴽣û˵
񡰺ߡһɾߡƿߵſʱֱֱӣÿţװµ˳ȥҲ뿪ˡ
ߺһͲ̫óĹϵҲûдľ飬رĵͽӣȻܵľ㣬뷴ˡ
ҲΪԼİЩͣҰοš
»ǽһ춼ԱʱҲǳоԼǳ״̬Ϊ˱ٰѱ˸Ūˣһᣬ
ʣµԱȥ˱ҽʿǣԼʰöҽǣȥˡ
ɻӪʣº󣬼˿ڣһѪ˲ŷġ
ӣĵϴǲֺǸӳˣǲ˵㣿Ҿ벻ͨһ£ϴΪζôãѵϴôûǵŮӣΪϲӲɣ
ġӴİ˰֣۵û㶷ˣĴȥɡ
ƲƲ죬СҿžǣҪôô׶ôãǹӳϸƤŮˣѹϴϲԭկˡ
˻Сǲ
ŵæĿڣϴС˿ڣҲ˵˻ҿǷȥҽʿɣͦҲǻ¡
/ķϻ˵˲뿴žͦãȥɣûⷳˡ۵ķ˵ûһ
εͷֻˡ

ڽ췢£ǣ߳Ӫ߻𣬵صԺʱ
ķƣƺûʲôãΪֻҪһۣǿɲĽѪİײ㸡ǰ׹ǧľʯǳء
֪ս£쳣æµزô硣ҲԼ⸱겻ӡǸǰ÷ϣּ򵥳˸ˡ

غԺʱѿ캥ʱĴҴҵĽݣܻԼҹȴӰʹӲ֪ҹЪˡ
ţǱԡ㶼ɢȥЪˡȡ£ԼԡͰˮ塣
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뵽úõһλٷ硢үԼŪÿպ͵ƵãҪʱ̱ˣͻȻЩˡ
ŹҽҲòԼˣٲȥʱ򣬾ͻָŮٲίˡ
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Щᣬʱܻأ˵һ£ʮ죬ͽŻأԲŻˣ·صĸࡣ
뵽ҽԼԼ˺ЩԱһʱҲѲĵ˵ͷ˵ء
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հǣѩӭϦ߾ʿк׼뿪ӪظͻȻ֪Ĵڳסȥ·
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Ҳ֪Ϊ˭Ȼɵ񣬲⼸ǻʱʱˣĵЩҲЩǸΣʵ⼸ϴ˿ɺЩˣ
ȻԹҲԹԼʱͲӦøϴ󿴵£ʱЩҲãΨһܾϴˣֻˡ

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Ҳż˵ͷδԱԼȥɵӪʡ·ԽԽģԽԽаǵͽӲɫͷ¿ˣ»Ǽӿ˲
񱻴ɵ⣬ȡԼõҽ˽ȥ
±Щ̫ҽͣͣ׻Ϊ̫ģһҧҲ˽ȥ
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⸱ӸоֺЦֺεҡҡͷ·ҿ˿ڡҪԼ˭㲻ɣ
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ɫ԰׺ѪɫҲǰ׵ģ֪װģַһѡ
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ͻȻоЩԣ͵̧ͷһۣһ㲣ĿɢӣָоԼˡ
İȥ£Ҳ֪յ˶ٶȣ۵ľ붼ܸоɢȸС
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һˡ̧ͷ۾峺͸ȫϡ
ɶͷ۾αŰȷһ飬صŮӣͰͲΪԭƭԼ
ĬƬ̺ЦЦЦżֲҵ˵ôõһˣֲϲ㲻ŮҲϲȢ檵ģӣܵǸŹ󸮵
ûʲôµġһҩΪͿţЦֻڵ£ǰÿһ졣ңҰǱ˴˵Ψһ͹ˡպԡ
˶٣ЩƵĺ˿ŵԣպԭ²òֿ磬ٰˣȢˣܲˣȻӱģ뿪ǡ
Ȼ˴뿪ˣȴʵӵйģõĻߵģ𣿡
գգ۾뿪Ц˵ţƺִ
ԣΪһ˶˺ԼΪ޴ģֵõģûӵȨǻԼҪ𣿡
۾ﺬЦһһ˵ĵϵĻ
ɸо۾ͻȻ͵ķᣬҪжӿƲͷȥҧأŬ¡
ջϵĿ⣬ȥȡİɴ˴СĲ
ŬԵ˸⣬ͷ¡
鲻֪һ仰ͻȻĪҲŲ˲
һŬס񣬲ԼͬķģԼ
⼸˿ڲҪˮҪƣҽʿȥɢȵķӣˣǵҪúõĳԡգΪ㻻ҩ
ԱһҲϸĶ
úϢɣˡʰҽҩתҪȥ
ҡûϣ𣿾ֻһӽĻҲã𣿡
˻ʵ

 78 


һͭķɫ߳ߵĸ߸ýӲ˧رǵ˫ȥɫʱһˣԵ࣬żԡ
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ʱʹʩЩҲԣ롣
Ųһ٣Ĭ£תǳǳһЦûлˡʵϣٹգҲӪˣҲӦòټˡ
ɫ԰ף촽۾﷭ӿŸԵĸ
ߴƿǵͶӳʱǽϵĽֱӰѸջĿ⡣ڣЪ˰ɡ
Ȼƿתȥ
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һ￴Ҳ̽Ϊζֱֻȥ
һʱЩΣͷҳЩ˵ʣ˵˿ҴˣӦˡҺ˵ַȥλҽʿ伸ɢȵҩҽԡĲܺá
мæͷסĵл
񽻴úֲ˾䣺ҽʿõҩҩǮ㲻ùܣ㡣²ø֪ҲΪãĲЩ֪𣿡
ƶǶĵ˵ͷһʱЩɣûȫӦͿѾȥ
صøʱҹͷһλô۵ҲûʲôθڣǱˮԡ˯ˡ
ڶˣ֮ǰҩʣµҩĺһЩеʳģҲɰһҩţʳţһȥ˾Ӫ
æʱŵʱ䣬ŵ˿աҽҩȥɻҩ˳ʳС
Զ˵ӭʳУллΪϴҽˣҹץҩӽĸˣһҲˣ˾˲٣е飬ءһôҩ˵˿۵ҪҪȥء
߶߶Ľ꣬ЦЦŶҹձ㲻ӪˣһֱæŸԱҩŵ˿ա
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꣬ȥ˾֣㿪ʼʰԼĶ
ɴ·ԼʳС˳һֻƿӿ˿дŵ˲ΣкܶҩģֹֺõĶʱ۾䣬ͷϲⲻͦԼôıǮԡ
æ׺һڣ̧ͷβס˵ζãԸҴˡ
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̫⣬޷Ҳ޷ʲôرֻȥֻȥŲ˺㡣ҲټˡʱԳ嵭һУͻȫң˺ǱǱ˴˼һӰӡ
ĵʱ˹ȵףҲȥ
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˵ЦЦԼĶתȥ
ɿȥıӰ˵ɬʹͷҲķԼҲԽغεˣԭ¡
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ɵһ⣬һͻȻҫڰ֮⡣ããǰʻȷķϡ
ȵļ룬뿿õֱգףʵ̫Զվ޷ʵ֡
ͨˣȥǿˣǴԵֻܿһĹӰҲԸ׷һ
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ûôۣǰˣᴦܴ飬ѡǷ¡Զ룬ʱȥһСֻõµԼ

պ󣬾ӪҽʱòˣҲ˰ҽʿ±ʮˣһݣˡ
ͬʱĪҲڰº󣬵ִ˾
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ǹƥоİΧȳ˻ʵۣɱŤת˵ʱս֡ݹ£͢İٹ١ڣȫī˶Ϊ֮𺳡
ο֮ٵж࣬ƣ֧ī˸ȫû׽˧Ƴ磬²˽սʤ
µ᲻Ϊء֪չ޲ԷŶӭӹۿ鳤ﾹһʮ
ʹ˸ߵ飬Ҳûлʵ͸ˡεʤȫ˹ңסĻλһöӺͱɱī⽻Ҳü̧һͷ˳Լоڸʵǰߴࡣ
Դ˴Դų͢ٹ٣ڳʮͤӭǵĵ
ĴĹѫǶ궼ֹġЩĹԱδڳٹ޲ۡ
Ϊͤɵޣֻ»ʵۺͳнƷȽϸߵĴԱˣֻվڶ£ϱߵķźˮΡ
ڳÿһˣƺѾټǵľϢʱ˶ĶⴧĲʵ
һŶգżʣжӣȺšӳһɫӭƮĴŵĽɫצ֡
ǰװ׵ŵǴɫӼ׵Ī֣֮һͼīĲ
м䣬Χ£һǸͷ棬ή֮˱˧Ƴ硣ٺǱīΧмļķ
ƺƵζ

 79 


ڰ⣬Ī֮ͤͤͤ˹ߵо֮ߵĴԪؼƽ󣬶˲
ʱվͤµٹ٣ǰЦ棬ֵأ΢ЦŹֻ֮
ͤڵҲæ¸ͤ˹ͷΪóһ·
洺Ҫٴ¹񣬱һס˫ۣЦܣʤ飬ӭ㣬ϵ˿ɺˣ
ǫ̬ȣ͹ֹл۱µˣʵڻ֣̿лֵĹģȬ
˵ľ˫֣һöе͵ǰ˻֮ǰ購ͳ˧ȫĻҲʤ飬ش˽黹ڱ£
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ʲôᣬԼ̬ȴԽĹ˿ӹ԰֮⡣
ʹٴ뵽ΪԼһ뵽ۿǸѪܵļ뵽ԼѲվˣҲ΢΢һ
Ѽ飬ʱ˵ĻûҲֻ֮ǰΪɳĵܵܣպԼκġ
ͺЦȡеıץסգܴ࣬սʤ£ο븸鿴Ӣǳοģ
͹лޣܲҾӹӢ͸֮ıӣܽī֮ѡ
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͢еķҪˡţţţβλµʵȨ¹ύϡ

ʵڹڵƵΪ칦磬ʱѾҹ
⣬ȴܼͨҳʤڸһſүĹ
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ЦһһӦšԼĶǸ˵ģоĻ
⺢ӱϾСģֶ߰꣬׶黹Ҫ
ĹģůůģޣǿᣬĬĬܽĶӢ䣬ҲܺЦȪˡ
δֿôʱʱ֪źá
·ҲǰΧתȦϸһ˵Щһ˵ЩһǷˣһǷˣ˵˲˸߶߶ϲ֮Ա
ҲůůģʮõůĸĽ֮飬Ȼĵס
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˵ġȡӦţסԼ֣һԺ
ţ˱ԡˮЩϢŻԼԺ
Ҳȷʵоˣԡֱˡȴ˯⣬̧Ŵ£΢΢
ˡ
ѾûˣǷҲ˼ңҵСŮĵ
۾Ƭ̣˼´ӺȥסıԺ
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ƿݣתͷ˿ܣȻǰϤӣȸɾܰżŮϢ
һֱ˴ɨţЦЦ
Ƭ̣߽ңŹӣᣵĴϡͷϻеܰ㣬޵ıϢ
һ㣬ͻȻ͸еһȫ泩΢΢𣬱۾֪˯˹ȥ

ͱ࣬׼ϳģϿߵ鶼꣬ＱŻȥԵڶîʱȥ˳
ڳϸ౨˴սһЩϸͽʿǵĹͣһԷİԼĽ顣
պͱʥּ
һ͸ڳҪɱĿͣǲĽ飬÷ȥǷԼٱۡ
ڶǶڴսй֮˷ֱ˷͡ӷΪơƽݵĽڶʹƹϾݣ˫˫ڣΪʵİϽڶʹ
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ʱһЩһӲã˲ԣĲУģܹĿľǰͻΪֹ

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յĳüģҲ飬֪ϲӣΪܿЩȥǡ
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֪ԼԻ·ڲӦü⼸ϣһͭķɫƫƫʵ޷͵һۡ
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ƦƦһЦתͷ˵ԶһʡѪŪſڵĵ档
ȻתͷɨһۣҲͷģ죬ͼ̧ͷԼ
ʱһ٣˻ȥţȿڡ

 84 


˵ղǻʱƽͣ˵ųʲôʲôһ˿ǼˣͻȻЩĲˡ
ҪִֿŲӣһҲġϾڲǷˣ˾Ҳ˼ǡ
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Ǵߺʵ˺ܶ࣬ȥͻȻоԼͨˡ
䵱еһĨӰӣ֪ͱȥ˳⣬ѣʱʱǲļһ档
˵˿ڣҽˣ϶ǻģ˵Ҳлҡ
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վԣʵ޷ԵֱӰûס˸⿪˿ڣҾ¥㿪ģ

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Ǹʹ˸ɫȻ΢΢Цˡ

 85 


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ӦһĹŴСˡŶԣӦǹŴСŮˣߵĲ;Ͳ
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űɤӵʡ

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ԡͰ˫ɵСԼŰĦϴֱ˼伫Ʒܡ
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Ĺĵġߡһתȥ
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Ūģһ˷ŵ̲סЦ
ڴϹһţеҸۼֱҪ
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һģ˴ҹ¼ϵ£Ĵš
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Цˣ㻹֪Ӧ˭㱨ΪʲôأȷʵҵΪֻݻиأĿƶȶƶģԼȻˣǽеΣʲô׻ǽ˵⣬Ҳøƽ
ϰ£˿٣ŷɵɤӣ֪ǶԼǶ૵˵û뵽
µҪ֪ˣڸĿڻļ

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ʱѽԺе׹żƬݻƵҶ⴩֦⣬Ͷһصɪ
֦ͣϵֻʱʱǵų£̧ͷߴߴ˼ֲ˵롣
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Ժеʯϣڲ۵Ķǿֱɬߣĵ˵ͷֱߵĲһڡ
Ӧڼ롣
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뵽ἰɡͷһɬ
Ҫͫȥ
֪ΪΣǸоûб濴ô򵥣ȻΪҪ
һۣĿİƺһƲɲĻɬͷĪһӿһɲ
뿪˵ʲôͼ΢΢һЦˣ˺ܺóԡ
һſĵЦˣԭԼˡ
֪£᲻ԼԼ֮ǰïݳԴ׵ľƢ϶еġ
ȻҲǸɵӣȻǲģĪҪԼԼˣοԼ
˵Ų˺óԣʵȴԵĺ٣ûڣҪƺȡ
뵽ƺԼķȰģһ⼸ո·ҲǷۣµı˿ڣȥһơ
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оһҹĹЩ͵ĳλĺˡ
ź˵С͸ңɬдżµˣһͣҲ۵Ĳ˲
̫ˡΪҪ
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ʱĽƲÿֻҪй̫ҵǰҹһءӿеۣĻҲ˯˹ȥ

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룬ٹ£ڣعԱǸ̻ᱸǻǸعϵ
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ǹãۿҹҲδ鷿ĵȴǰġ
ͷĪһӿһֲõĸоȴץסǵʲô
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Щʧ䣬ҲЩίܸоЩֵֹģǲǶԼᷳˣ
ԼȻôִţȻǺİ;ָоԼˡ
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ү£ݳʲô֮ǰúõģӻͲ̫ˡ


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뵽౨ɬջǡ
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ΪҪԼΪԼ뿪ʱϧΪðضΣҲҪƣ
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ŭʹвͲʡʵǿ־
ʧȥĿ־壬ҹĳˮһ㽫Ӱ
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ھЩʲôݺݵԼҲӲ
еЩӲҲԼĻ̧ͷȥȴͷȻһݡ
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ŷֿһʱҲãԼ侲һ£ٿƲסҹ˺
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ͬĶͽĻĵҴӶķһϢǸŹ󸮻̰ǽ費ġ
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˷ƵãӺŶ뺱˳

 89 


һŽҲ÷ѿˣ¾Զľæ롣
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һЦ˵һߣҡҡλΣ·߲ˡ
æ˸ˣ˳ȥֽ˸౸Щˮȡ
ڶգŽһ׺԰ǣѩһ㶣ʵô죬˵ʲôʱͻѩôأ
죬ѩ֮ǰȥʡѩ·ϲߵʱ䡣
ŽЩƣоүһֱү벻ճһЩôҲôżˡ
ȻֵأҪһ·Ƶģˣʹˡ
һһװУȥ

Դӻݺһֱ÷صѹեԼÿһ𣬲ʱĩ飬Ҳٰʱãһڣ㲻ʳ
ʮյĹ⾰˱һȦҲЩˡ
ߵ˶Щȥˣ׷ȰעϢֻһͣͿʼԾĺ˼룬ԸԼһЩ
ʹʱˣڴϵҲҹߣʱѵŭȻһԼ
ʱ뵽ҹԼķ뵽ԼϧĶԴ£׺־ĿԼĿģѵһᡣ
һϵ翴ʱԼ˫۾京ӯӯĹ⣬ȴĶ
˯ţʵķңЩ벻Ҳ룬ֻЩ·ɢԼעȴԼƽһ졣
ǰҹȥ鷿Ǹ͵ɳ̡
һҹ

Žһ·У±㵽ݣŷҴһԺһʲ֪δڸг˳ǡ
żĺܣһҲˣ˸ڳſڣүغһʱظ
ֱȵϦ£ϤĽŲ
бڴϣݱվš
ϦɢһصĽƣӳ·۵ƵСϣԵӮ
ѻŮװаںڵķ˸٣̰ɢĴڼͷ˫ˮ۾ƣǾί˭ģͷһ
ֻоĿڳۡ
Ž֪⼸ðϺһ·жΪ˼Լ
ĵ׵ķŭǣǺͻûʧһ̣ƺõͷţûŨˡ
һƿң§˻С

мʹƽֻҪԼĺãƺҲûôҪˡ
ῴݵӣѪ˿˫ۣݵѺصĺȦ
Լ̫ԶΪûվĽǶϸϸѹģӵ̧סı
૳үԲ𡣡
繵ĶУ֪Ӧϲ
ͷϸỬĲẬס׵ĶĴ
ҶƳƣֱǵշɺ죬̳ŷſ
˴Ϣţ
ὫĲӣҡͷүл˵

 90 


˶٣
΢Цߣֱĺڵ۾ʣ˴үŭݣûʲôҪ𣿡
ͷһݣĵô֪ԼΪˡ
ֻ֮һĿܣҲǾĴ𰸣ʶر⡣
ҲףЩ¶㲻Ҳܶ㣬Σֻܽܡ
ģĹ䣬ֵѯ𱸺ͷ䡣
죬ֶסƬʳǲϲϱˣ
ʹ࣬˵תͷһԡ
ʱһ㶣û뵽ʡ
ΪԼ̫⣬Ůӵ˽½ӴԴףŭһ벻ͷȴû뵽Լ
ԭЩʱԼĥӣΪˣ
ްɫ仰˵ںȭСͻȻоֺЦֺ
ȻûУҶүģʹүܲȫҲӦҡΪǷݸ飬ɾĲһ˿ʣ
ٿתͷٴ۾Ŀ
ھͫʣ˺һᣬҪ۵ȥھԼδ⡣
洿ɽȪտտ͸һ˿ʺޡ
ͷȻһϲԼ¶ء޹ؽҪˡֻҪϲ˱ˣκԭ£
ƲסĿϲ뻳ħҵףȥѡ
͵һѣΪ޷״̬Ƶһ򣬲ȥ
ү
һ˵ֱ˻ȥүҵĲԣүǸүԶѵңͷңȴΪλ뷨үоŮˣ̤ˮ
ү˵ҪȢңȴԭôңȢôˮŮ˲պܻ𣿡
ƵѯʣŪЩЦãûȳԼˣбһҡ
ɰֺ
Цҡҡͷ֪СǺԼοɲô
¶ˣҪʲô
ڴãȥȴɺŭ
˿ԼŵС֣ЦĪҪһҡҵ£ɲС£ŪȥһҲԭġ
ŭһתȥܿߡԽԽҪӲǿʶʲôԭҲûʲôȥҽԱ˶ѣֻԱеˡ
ˣΪλҪңĵУΪҪΪΪȥڸҽΣΪðضķգҲҪ㣿
ĴָƯ°ͣԼ۾ʾҪش
ҡ
֪ȱǸĻֻԼöѡ
ԼƽʱǵССٳῴΣҲΪһ仰ͿԶϤһУһС
ȥˣҲˣӲùϵףˡ
Լ̹ʲôµģôһ룬ҲͶ˶
ȫ˵үүңһҪӦһҪ󣡡
ҪǷеپղ㣬㻹û̸еʸ񡣡һĵ
죬һᣬͰѴʶɵż£ͷβ˵һ飬ϸϸԼΪѡ뷨͹ǡ
ֻԹ԰ŵһΡҲδ𿪿Ȼˣİõ롣
꣬һһףζӳ£һѾ
Լ˶ı飬һˣһĵĲ¡
ǵͽӵĵ죬׷޾׷ͷˣ
ƺ룬֮ǰȫʵҲкܴһԭɻܷ
ػҹԼһƬϣǸг֮ĵʿ˵֮˽֮ϲһ˲д
ȻƽʱḡЩҲǲԸСĻʹȻ
ȻʱǵҲº룬Ҳֻ˰ˣδƽϹ
˵Ҳδʲôֵ̫£ƽʱֻ벻߲Ӱ˵Ʒ
ЩһִȻףǲ֪λŴԴ׵үܷܲŵˡ
үʵҸо˷ʥͣ޹˵֮ǰ˵ϲҵʱ򣬲֪ϲˣ޿ɺǡ˵Լˣ޹־ٶ˵ѷ˹ȥֻͨѶѡ
㲻ҪΪ˴·ɺãϾǸɶõ˲ţΪϲһˣֻǡҾܵĪ𷣣һеεġ
ϸ۲飬üæ˵һʼҸүҲү룬˵Ҳˡ
ʵܹҲûأ˵պæģҲûмĻˣұ֤պ϶ү㱨һµģòã
ͷһۣЩʣǵСоǸЮ˽֮ˣ
һЦסĸ첲ͿʼȻˣҸоүӢˣֻС֮ĶȾ֮ҵĵ˵İѡ
ǱĵǸνȴֲ֪ȥ
үʲôõǵģ¶Ѿ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷ֪֪ºΪλΪϲ˱ˣͱйء
Ǻǣʡ
Ϊ㲻ϼ޸һĵһж˱ȴƫƫ޸ңܲ𣿡
ܸоŲ֪ܣºͱ޹أҲ̽ѯҾǸойأܲñǣ
ûˣεɿڼ޸ԼȻ֮ǰӦԵáҲˣǰӲȱٺա
˵ȫԼģһûԼ벻ٲֻҪûһĸоȻˣȻҪȢŲܰġ
£Ҳˣϲͺã֮¾͵ס
ͱף֮ǰ˵ЩǣӦ㣬ϲ̾ͼͺˣ̫Ҳͬ⡣
ȭͷסսƣƺҪЩԺˡ
ԼȡԼܸоİҲͬİ
Ϊ̫----Ųܼ޸Щ֪ѡ
Ǽû֮ǰǲܼ޸ģҪͨ籨ţ£ǻͨľ֮С
ȻΪԼ룬ֲϼ޸֮ƣֻ־ˡ
үòãûþҪˣůЩˣºòã

 91 


̾һ뽫ԼĸζͳһԼ׶жϣΪξͲϴӦأ
˿ڣܾûôˣ꿪˴ȻҲûʲôˡ
ãǹ꣬˴ͱӦ޸ģɨһ
˵ͷĻܼܲԼƬ֮ģѾǳĸжҸˡ
§ڻԭһǾԴĵ׵Ĳ²ǡ
ҹԼֱԴ޵ļһһСȴδԼһָ
ЩԼˣڵҴˣҹҲǰ㣬һˣĪҪܴҡ
˵׽С־ϴôãҲдȣǳḧĴһڡ
ôôүأʵү֪罫ҵĳ׷ˡҽΨһ˭Ҳ޷ȡ
ҵ㣬ûһ˿϶ݲκˡֻүǸ˼롢û׵ɵӣһж֪ˡ
ᣬһƬѩƮƮϣڽѪҺͷһ˵Ҹкͼ֮飬˲ÿһϸ֦ĩڵϣõĶЩˡ
˫ۣг޵İ񾲾ĿǺ̧ͷջĺһǡ
ۿ죬۵ˮ˸Ļ
оҸ̫ͻȻǰһŢһ̾ͷɵ˲ƶˡ
룬ʵѶԼȡˡϴγ֮ǰԼȫԼǧﱼϮ˰ΣԼãԼȴǰԴǺû˰
ӵ
һ̣ȼžֻ˵ĺʱһֹ̾ΨһĻУű˴˵ĵϡ
鲻Խսű۰Ҫ飬
Щܺ䶯壬ë׵Դס°ͣƵĽү
ȴ˱ջ󣬴ֹסĺԣͷͺסĴ
ȥĻԼ籩Ϯ
ۺͼ¶һⱲӼϱӼϱ顣
û֮һ
ӻ⼸գÿ춼ΪһͣϸţʱشòȥŸϺңæ˻ټһҹ
ֻյĹ±Ҳˣ˾ȣ»ָɰա
үһ鷿ôˣϢɡ
鷿˳Բ˵úʱϢģû뵽ôˡ
δٽ鷿ǿɵɳ̱˺Щû,紦ظʱɫ磬ˣ˻ᣬû뵽һôˡ
үǵĴӦҾͺáһ˵һ߶͵ǰȥϢ
ǣҵСޣЦĿ׳һڡ
һۺڿУǻ˹ͷ۵⣬˿̵ģůůģġ
˫΢΢ΣүĪҪС
ץסСһͽȦϣһļ磬һ̧°ͣǵϲ˲䣬ЦôˣûдҵС
֣Դλ˺ͺúƤͱԽˡ
һЩֵĳƺʲôСӡСޡССһ߻йСĸΡ
ᶪĴʣһǳȻҺ֪ߵĽгڡ
еʱ˶һ㼦Ƥ񣬰ЦĻŷɥս񣬼ֱǸճ˾
ҪȴҪ§ƷƷҲֲֻ˻űɿ
һĽ͸æ˺󼸲ԶһЩں޲ðңչϲܽƵá
ôԶԣǾͻȥϢ
Цҡͷûģתһȥүúó԰ɣҪճҡ
ģЦˡ
һ߽ڼ䣬Ϳһž޴Ӻм䣬ռ䡣
һ޴ɳ̣ɽʯòʹׯûƷĺֲϸ¡һ֪ƽݵɳ̣Ҫ֮Ӧλö׼֡
ڴɳתһȦϸ۲һᣬ룺Ǳ߷űڿиݣݵĹͬʱ۵ףȻأȷʵǸö
ү֮ǰΪɳ̲ҹﲻ˯Ѱݵģ
ôоһ˿ζأһûסЦˣˣΪ˯ţԶɳ̵ġ
˹ǣᡰСң϶ҲҵĲðɣ
ֹʲôأʡ
ûʲôүɳϷ̻ء
̻治İǮСӰսɳ϶ܷ̻Цҡҡͷ
ɳ̸ȤҲɨˣ߽ң§ʵҵСһ淢ʲô̻Ҳ
ܸоԼ̼һֱ΢ʣһֱƵıţҲǰЩ棬ҲҪ̵롣
Խ˸ֵĻᣬȻúŪһԼı¡
ɣָָɳ̶һӣʵ
˵ͷ
ݵݺһˮǴˮڳһ˹˺ӣٰݺһҲͨôԺïݾͻˮ·ͨ
ҪԺƽݡϵİݡݵĻݻïͻԼ·̣ˮ·ҲȫԼɱֻһ
Щ˷ܵĽŵˣ⼸ٿҲľ¥͹ݣ·ˮ̶ҵ϶𱬡
ֱͨӶİһЩϡôҵƷ̾ͲȥïϻˣҵĻӱһݣûм̣ɱҲͺܶࡣ
ԣү˵㲻һ̻أ
ļʶһû뵽СﻹǸˣһɳ֪̾ôͨ·Ǯˡ
ʵɳ֮뵽Ҫͨˮ·ȻΪ⣬Ϊݡ
ī˺üݣܳˮϵïǲصأÿֻѺݵĶȥ٣ϸˣǻء
ˮ·Ļػ·Ҳȫ
֨ҲԼˮʵү˵ĶԲԣ
Ϊ˸֤ԼĹ۵㣬ֲоǣүϢ污£պƣƽݵ϶´ʢ
ʢ϶Ҫģ½·֮ɽػ·пǿٷˡ
ΪȫٹھֵĻǮʦأˮ·Ͳˣ·ʡ䱾ǮҲȫҲܸĹϸ
벻Ǳ⾭Ƕǿʡģ˼·ȴͬıϡ
˵СУʵԺͨˣϻĴС̼ңϲˮ·ģΪʡһ͢ͿԸ̴ˮĶѣȡȵ˰ˡ
ү˵ǲһˣڳ͢ȫĻأ
СһһϵԼǰ٩٩̸ŷ뷨СȻ;ķСﲻֻǰǮʵлд֡
кȻӿһԵ˿˿ģһϸϸ˿߳ɧġ
оԼ˵ĺеһֱĿ޺ͱɵ˰Ҳû̧ͷ
ҲЦЦĿԼ۵װʲôȻЩȷˣĪԼ˵ĲϷʳЦϲԼ£
ͻȻЩڨڨԼҲֻǿɳ̺뵽ʲô˵ʲôˣ˭֪ļɻ䡣
ʶˣֻǺ˵ģүϲˣһ˵أʡǵүЦ
ᡰߡһתˡ
߳ңͻȻͱ˴𣬾ֱȣүҪʲô
סĴݺݵ˱˼ڣʱЦˣ㿴ˣңȢ㡣
⻰һ¾ʵˣסĲЦˡ
ҰСһڣ͵͵ĺҧ䣺ߣȥϢٺϸ˵˵ϸ뷨
һ㶣Ŀʣү˵ʲô뷨
һЦʱ˸ͨ죬ѩӳ£һѩ÷Ρ
ٴθ૵˵أ

 92 


תʮһ͸ʵһۡ
ϸݿ˵ĸôҪһϸ˵һ߱߾ս£ӶݡתʱܽԼµݺԼ·ʡµĴʱ䡣
֮⣬ƽ̴յ˰ĴĿǰ˸㣬ͣ˲Խսʱ֮Գӯ⡣
͵ȻҲ֪սȶĵĵһҪ񣬺ͼʱʿǲǰ߰Ĵ̡
ս¶ľ޴ܽԼصĳɱ۶ٶ֮õĺ¡
ôһ룬Ҳо˺Ǻ£ȻͶ벻٣ԶԶڱ׵ģرսʱžߴãԼ¾޴ɱ
οʮ˺ӵ˰ձɵʱġ
ͷ΢΢һ룺ôҪǧĹ£Լô꣬ôû뵽أ
ĵ׺ȻӿһɬУ֪Լļʡ
ɲɲǸ谭ǧ﹦ҵˣʷŨīزʵļһʡοҲ壬պ˰ӯ˹ĻԼ
ȡĽ飬׼˺ӵ롣
һӵ׼ʥּ̰ŵȥ¡
û뵽µٶô죬ӵһ˵ڲͿʼ˿˺ˣĵΪ̾һ
ʵˮӿ˺ӵľ벢ûֻ̫˲һͿͨˡ˺һͨȻ֮ǰԤϵǰ㣬ˮ·̾ͳΪ̼߻ϻҲѡ
ڵ֪ƽ̴̫࣬ͷѹʱĽ飬ݳר߻ͷ
ӴݵĶɿںͷֿ£ЧʼߡݵóʢҲܿ춼ȻЩֻǺˡ
ʱڼӽæµ˺ӵĸСУרȥѲ˺ӵļ๤ֹ˴лˮ㣬˿۹Ǯ޹ʼӳʱѹյ¡
зҲ֪˺Ӳ츣Ժ»Ǯңȫɾʮ㣬ĸ¾ѳ˳Ч

һɫųīҹը͸ްݷڵͿյƣԺһ׳֦⡣
˲£ٰкݼϣҹߵ֮˳¡
һ£ꡣ
һľ£һϸ§ڻĦգϸﰲš
Ų֪ҪΣѽƣĻůһ˯˹ȥ
ҲЩʶʼ䣬ȻϼٵĽŲ
ʱۡ
үݳˣŽ
ͷۻСˣ첲˼š
˺£
ŽĨһϵˮʮĸ뾳һ·ɱӣֱݶȥֻҪɱݳǱɱӡʹ֮ǰ߾У˾еݵľءĪ콫Ѵפȥӭսˡ
üפֻ򣬴˴ΪӵأΪǲС
ŽȭڸΣ
ȥƽݣһسǣʣµȥԮս
ǡŽȭתʧҹĻС
ԽԽˮƬž档
ת˷ţȴ
үǳʲô£
һЦû£ٴνݣҹһ£һȥ
˵赭дȴĵǡ
ҹҸɺã
ҡҡͷ޷үعңֻȥ顣ȥһҪע塣
ķãһ
ٴ·š
ͷһۣ۵ĲᣬͷȻůůģġ
תͷһǣصңڸһҪĪҪˣһ
˵ͷȴЦˣȥ˯ɡ
ѸȥıʧӰǽתݡ
ô˯ţϥͷ⽥С˳ء

Ѹټ˾ӣݳǷ˸һ˸سǣԼҹݡ
ʵȼԸԱ½Ϊ١ϴɾīȴɱ˸ȫû𾪷ŭ֮࣬ҲΪܴ衣
Զٴγδе⣬һֱڱ߾̷̽š
ֻû뵽˴ȼɥĲþһ·޴İɱӣֻΪй˽ߣ
Ϊ׼ŭݺƶսƻĪֺɴΧɱ
Ҳǻ֮⣬ӲӲĴһʱսЩţʤѷ֡޷ǰһīҲ޷ȫ
һսڽ˰ºһıת
վ֮һǰùⷽģȻã辶---ϱııľǵġ
ι⽫ߵةأ˵ضɽխƽԭʺģսƱرҪּ·ɱ
˴λǺĽΪӪֶУ忴ƺƵʿʵȨ䲻ڲìܡ
ںµļ濴ƽ޳ʵ򰵳ӿ
һ㣬ƶսƻ
Ȼͳ˧֮ԶԤϰ㣬ȫһԼ
һλʣ¾ӵһ·Ľһٰ߶·
ǵ䣬ĲҲӱ·
Ϊ֣ԼľȥеľӣΪϹС
ԼеľȥٵľӣΪй¡
ԼٵľȥľӣΪ¹ϡ
ֻҪԼϺжʤˣͷȥϣܴʤ
ɴٵ֧ȥ֮Զ
óλսסоٶΪĿģĪִϡоսپȻȥɻϣܺ׵Ľ֮Զľһټ
ͨҹսϸڣī˼ƶܴȫʤϻٶ¶ЩƶЦݡ
ݵĽ飡
һֻŵĴ֮˲мϵƽЦݡ
ɫһݣӹʹϵűؽģϸϸһ飬üеһţڵϡ
ɿ׵ɫ֪²չԼһ飬Ȼ󽻸Ī֡
Īǣʵ۷ҪܣΧκԣʡ
ҡҡͷǵɽʵҪ˽ȫйȫݣ
ԭīݻ͵͵ݷһ֧˵Ĳӡ͵ݵĴϵӦսʱݹ䲻
˾·ϲ֮Զľɱӣһ·УֻΪӺɱݳǶ
źЩŭˣ˵оٶжϣ֮պصݳǡô˵϶ڹˣ
ĪֿĪүȴһݾԮʧأȫǰձرɱҲڳڡסȴ͢Ԯ
ĬƬ̣ҡҡͷɣݵʹҾٴһѽס͢ԮԶˮⲻ˽ʣָ
ΪӸɱݣһҲɱӣο֮Զþһ·ݱգа벽Ὣǽɱةء
ҧҧ֣Ҳߡ
ŽǰһʣݸǺãô죿
ȻҲҪȡ˶٣ǿѹ·ӿŭĵǡƳһ֮Ƿֵ̣һӦò£Ҳ϶µġ
һɣ
ĩڣ
ҹ̣ȥԮݣмǣ㵽ܺӦϽɱáܣĪ嶯ӲƴֻסǣҴǰȥԮ!
ɫһ,ȭĩס
תȥıӰкȻӿһԵʹ⣬һ
ɶסŲת,үкָʾ
Ƭ̣ߵĽԣڳУһҪ֤ƽ
һ̷Ӧɴ۾ʣǸΪǣߵ
ĿⰵĶһۣ˵ͷø
ɵͷһһʱҲ˲ϸ룬صĵ˵ͷĩ֤Ҳ¡˵ǵȥӰѸʧҹɫ
ȥķĿĬƬ̣ʱ۵εʹɪȻѾȥ
תʣ˵սб䣬²𡣡

պݳ⡣
˴Ľ֮ǰ²˧ƳİܡƷɡĲӣƺƴƳȫߺֻҪݣŮӡ
ʿһʱȺ鼤ܣȿֺĶݷ𹥳֮ս
Ȼ֮ǰݳÿʮһսмé޵ʱڳʮߣȻûƷΪ縴ĽŲ
Žʿڳǽ赲һһĹ
ʸµƷǧһ֧ǽµļʸ赲Ƕڻϡ
ǽһһŵļ֮һδ֮éʿڼڻ£Ѹٿǽݣɱ۵ǣҪƵһһεǿ
Ҳ޴ĳһһײţƺƴӿ
ײǵȫǰհΣĳţһ鰼ȥ˾ɺݺύһͷŭޣڸ֨š
ʸ꣬ʯ׷ɣϵƴȫɱϵˣֹų˵ķ
аҲƷĺ֪˳ǣеһҲܲˣȫ֣֮˶
ⲻҹɱ쳹ʣڸҲŵĿ޺洦š
سǵĽʿǲ߲ݵѵֵգڵȴԮĵ
ʱǵҲЩסˣƷɽǷֳҹ棬糱ˮƬ̲ͣһǽӿ
ɱۣݲߵĵֵšۿǽϵԽԽ٣ҲԽԽЩ֧Ųס̬ƣֻҧţϹʿ
ڵİ֪ǲ߲˶գǺܶԷ뵽սУ滻ЩԱ
ǸжòϢǲ߲ݣˣ嵽һɱŵˡ
˱ϾǸ־ǿҲǱţڵڰʱΪһʱ㱣һ֧ʸء
ʹľ˲ϯȫһһδһȥ
һĵǵĻ۾

 93 


Դһ칥ǿʼñĸȫսС
ԼٴΰװټеҽʿڳΪԱˡ
һ߲ݣҧֵȴԮ
գաǽϵʿҹֿţʹ͵òϢ֧
ԱԽԽ࣬ԽԽ࣬ʿҲԮİաѪһ㸲һ㣬̵˫Ŀͨ졣
ҵǣڰգȫĹؽҲȥ
̧ʱؿڲһ֧Ŀ԰ף촽ѣȫļѱѪ۽ݳ˰ɫ
ʿͰտʱͷȫһݡҲһϽõҽʿΪˡ
ҽʿ˿ˣ̽˵ãδ˼ҪһʱΣΪ̫ۼ֮˼˹ȥȥΪμ
԰ģȽ̧ȥһͶС
ǲҪزסˣ᲻Ϲǣ
ǰˣ˭ܴǵֿأҶˣ֧Ųȥˡ
ǲǾҪȫڳˣһ
˭ۿҪֵס˰ء

˵Ув˿ʼʹѾ˿־ıԵ
֪Ϊĵ£ʿͰһʧȥĹǣңҲˡ
ԳƻħҹͣĽˣˡ
嶼Ѵﵽܳܵļޣʧȥֿ־
Ҳ£ǷŭǼޣⲻݵս
վųһ˫˫־ã۾׸ʹűʹ飬ĵ׺ȻӿһӺݾ
ûʲôµģһֿҲŲҪųԼǽˣʲô룬һأ
һҪΪסǣΪȫǰյסǣֱ
֪ԼӺζҲΪ顪మӵİա
ҲΪӹǷݹ£¡
ɨһȦԱĿһС˱ϣ˱ĿףԼϣŲᶨ̤˳ǽ
ʿսǶôҪֵ֪ܼܲԮĵܴܲʹһδεֿĽȫʿǵʿ
ҪһĹǣԲ٣ͻƷߣҪ֧һУ
ƾϳǽߵսԵġ
ʱױھУϯÿһ˵ĶС
һʱ䣬ǽ£һȾѪƣϣȫ޹עһ˿̧ͷ˹ȥ
սԣվһλ꣬ù鳣Ŀᶨ˵ӡ
ϳ֪ǷΪҽ˵ҽʿ
ңֻǸҽʿүҪˡ˵仰
֪еսǾΪʿе٣ǡ
ڴˣضǼصһ̣赲ųµĶǣȴԮĵҳаȫԼ޶С
ʱ䲻ڣԸ־վһסţֵסоݡ빲ͬ
үѾõսҼţܿԮþһҲһҪصǵĵʱΪǸеΪĽ
ǿԸͬһΪصжΪΪݽսһ𣿡
ţĿɨÿ˵衣
ǽϵʿɱƣĻһ˲еܡѪ±עѪѪڣʿ
Ը⣡
Ը⣡

֮ܺ˷
ᶨĳӦĽʿǵ˵ͷĵǽԫȥ
Ȼ֮ǰѧһƤë򣬵浶ǹȥɱˣԻͷһء
һΣ֪ԼűôȻյƲסĲҧס񣬸Լϲ˿һ顣
ʱİ¹һһԷԵԮܹ
ţŭţţ׷嵽ǽɱ
սòһʱоԼĶͣһģҲ֮Ų˲
ϸͱˣҪ赲һ
ҡǰǷսĲп᣿ûУֻдʱʲôѪȷ硣
ĵԭĻΪȼҵꡣǴ˿ȴԹ޻ڣΪǳźصϣ
˫ŵҧԵһԹ޻ڵķƴš
ƷɾҪԮʱƳţɱƬײֻҪԮδһգͻ߾ȫһգݵĽ
ֻû뵽ֻͳž˲أֱܻУɱۣŹǽȥ
һĹƣ񶼲֪ǵֵĵڼˡѾԶԮĵ
ʮˣоԼҪ֧Ųȥˡ֪ڻܵ¡
ݡһ֧ӳļ䴩ͷ˵ϡٵڷ˲к£Ե˱ͻһĻĶһ
Ӧʱǲһ֧ʸĿѹµ˺ԶãͷЩ󣬲žԼһ롣
λδϵĸǽϵʿ֪˭һ

ǵ
ͷԶʱ򣬴ѿʼע
ǸŮģ𣿡
үس𣿡
ֲ֪˭һүسǣֵһҪסһҪǵ
쳹ʣѹǽһеĴÿһ˵ĶС
ֹȴ
ǡаɣǸʿͺãϧһҪоɰˣ롣
Ʒɼȥһ̣ʵδעе˭ֱǽϵĺֻعͷȥ
ԭǸŮˣʹѪۣϸҲ֪ǸƷƯŮˡ
ЦһɱɱҲһˡ
ٴδȴͻȻʧ
ƷѲһȦδܷӰһһ
һԼŮӵݱ¶æ˵һ࣬˸ñ̺ͷϣ˳ڵĨһѪ࣬һͿŻû̫˿Լɲ볹׵ı¶ݡ
һĻʿǶ֪ڴүͬһսʿһӼ϶¶Щ˷ܵЦƺϣ
һѪĲԮû
̵ĳǽͺصĳţѱۡǽ¶ѻʬ壬Ҳīġ
ѪȾ˳ǽҲءʯȼյĻζŨŨѪſ־壬ݳǡ
һڲԵҫ£һѪȾɵĻ
ƷɼѰţӥһ۾šÿ϶һһѪۺ๸˷ֱ治ǵĳࡣ
ӹһһ׵ףڼĿɾϣһʱҲֲ嵽ĸ
һȥȴǰ򱨵̽Ӹˣﴦһ֧˵ĴٳƳǷ
˻Ԯˣô죿ƴģڳ󰡡
ţ˼þȫţƷɳ˻š
Ʒɼ͹֪϶ԮͿҪˣǲŷƸ۵Ľ
ٵֵסһΣʤˣ롣
ãҪˣ
֪˭һ
ͷһݣæȥȻˣſҪֵסˡ
ʿǲҪţԮϾҪˡڳǽϺ죬ͶᵽͳΧĳǽϣٵֵסһεĽԮ͵ˣ
һ죬ű鳸ײˡսּײһڳǵͳš
죬һͣʯż
ͳܳǽ˲վˣž¶͹޺ͻѡ˲ͣķż
һʱɱ죬ҲƴŻߵһһȥ
ֵǣͦסඣԮϾ͵ˣҼǵ
ϵļȥĵط˲ϣ͹ޣż
ǺǣٴοˣˣƷڳſЦš
Ŀ꣬Ѹٴżųǽϵ˾׼һ

 94 


ע˳£Ȼߵʿһ
Сģ
ûȫӦֻһ飬ʹ˲䴫ȫ۵һ͡
̵ģ׻ûܳŵмˡĵװһ䡣
ôԵʿм񣬾˵
۵ޣȴǿЦˡ
ʲô£һʱˡϵһԣսԮϵˣס
ھʹȥˣʿס˳ǽһǡ
ҡҡͷǽ¡
ȥ·оˣһʱ²ȥҪνս
ʿΪѵü˼Ӧô졭
˵ѵĿڣллһһѣҾͱ䴩غˡȻҪֵǼסҾ󡭡
ʿ̧Ĩһ֪ȥѪۻˮصĵͷ¼ս
ǡҪλ᲻áֻûȣҲûüޡ֪Ⱳô磬ˣһҲǺõġ
ϧ֮ǰ̫ˣںˡаš
̫Ĺǻʹ˱ų򣬳ȵľĻᱻϵһҳ
Ǻǣ̸ĵڶˣһжˡ
оŸֻ֣ʪճǲӿѪ֪
±ɹһˮʧоĵ
ԽԽ䣬ԽԽҲģ
ĨѪɫɽҲ֧Ųȥˣ۾
쿴һסһ˿˸ߺԮˣ
ŶˣΪһǼֵ䶯ǣЦˡ
οϲԣȥ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ

ɵʱвݣǽϵʿٵĿɻڷֿšǼסˣ
Уճ嵽£Ϳһӿö԰ĺֵɤۡ
ŽʿѸټս
ʱԵҲ˹֪ԮսĸʣĽʿӦϣͬһɱ
սһҹһ硣
Ʒɴʣ֮ݳĿҰϣһӲӲս
ղɣŲǧ˵ĲоưΧȦӴܶȥ
Ҳ˲׷ˣæձɽѰԽʣѰˣģ
Խȭĩȥøʱ򣬸һˣֻһŷ˵˶ȥ˳ţ֪ǹȥ
ʲô˫Ŀͨ죬ŭĿӣȥطҹˣʹѰȫǣڵҲҪҵ
ĩΧʱˣ֪һ˳ھۼİգҲ֪˵һ˵Ϣ֪ǲǺйء
ٽ
ĩаۣ⼸һֱŽʿڵֿɡ´δүȢ֪λǲǾǽ˵Ľڶʹеλ

ǰүʱԼʱȷʵЩĪҲƽղֻͬǵʱԼһĲδ룬Īǡ
ͷһҲ˵ʲô飬ֻĿۣһ¶˵ͨ˵𾪡
Գںδʡ
Խɫ˳ʱڳµİ˵һǡ
˵ʲôɼһѾסǰ͵һƣ㽫ˤڵϣȥ
ǡԽ˺üվȺ̿ɽ˳ǡ
һͼӭ֪үߵĺˣαߣҲд
һһϵеĽţϵּֿʱûȺɱǣϵǽȫǰյĴ󹦳!ϸȫǰл㰡
Ҳԣ߱ʣһŮ̧˹У˶
һֻһŷæɲǣ˵˵ȫǵİն˵ڳǽϱеǸŮϸҴδүȢޣǸҲҶԱ˺Գ
ϸǲŮΪʲôĿðģҲ˽ԽȥүֲҵȽ̧Ҹﰲš
ϧأһֱδѣүʲôҪˣҽҵĸү
ϵܣ㳣үϸ翴ϵŮӣ֪ʵݣ
߶߶ӬƵ÷ɲУֲú죬ֻüһһ᷿
ʱѱ˲ϴɾɷ׵һСһ˿ѪɫƽʱӣĴǰ׵ģľһűֽ˸оһơ
ȫûһ˿Ŷ
ɿһ̣ŲȻһ٣ļһƬհס
ſڴһ˲תͷˣΪ˵ҽʿأ
ʣŮӵݡ
ȥΪҽʿɵͺһ
ĺᾢһһ£ϲȥҽʿ
תͷһɬ飬ĲҲ˶үˣȻż
Ǹ͵ϵȱ𼱣ҽʿڸﱸأϾ
һߵǰͷ
˫ȭ΢΢ţֱν
δõҲ̸ʧȥһ뵽ʹȥǿ־簵ҹĳˮӿͷĺڱĽȫɡ
ź˿һǧĺ棬Ҳҳ
Ϊѵվһԣ۴ϵˣҲǰ̾
Ƭ̺ҽʿ˽ͷͰݡ
ɿһۣʣˣ
ҽʿԴ˵Ҳţ֪ԼҽޣʹþȫҲΪһʱŵЩ£ؽм֮ǰ͸֧ã֧أСѾȫ޷ֻҩͲš
˿٣ŵСĶ飬ǲӦ֪ͨүһۡ
˵ʲôβˣ˫Ŀͨ죬һͷޣҽʿӣֱӽ
ҽþȥҽõǶҽãҾȥ
ҽʿŵĶʱɸһֱġ֪ǸС˭ȥҲɪɪġ
ŭ죬æȰ裬ϵܱ̫żΪ֮ɱҲ޼¡о仰˵ĶԣǲӦ֪ͨүӦʵӵıݰ
ô£үǶе𰡡ɸȥ
ɺݺݶһۣһѽҽʿɿһԣǶȥ
ɡоݶⲻϹأҪȰ裬ֲ봥ùͷ㽫˻ȥ
˻˻֣߾󣬿һۣҲ˳ݴš
ٴߵǰڴͷϸϸ
һľСˣôô󵨣ʲôǽɱʲôЩһŮкθɣ
ˡ૳ĵİջںޣ·ٿһЩͲˡ
˫ɬͷҲķۣƲסˮ
¶ڱͷֻ۰С֣ģȥԼ°Ǳָȡ
˫֧ڴأֽסֵڶϣͷӿͻʹ
ɾĹڴ߿ãʯһδ
ֱһѡ
ѸĨһվ˺һ
ϴ󣡡
һ۴ϵǳ˳飬ת,ϴ󣬹ӻðɣ㻹ðɣ
˵ɼٽЩ˻ơ
˵˹£һֱ˵Լʧְֹһ
ޱ飬Ҹˣ˰Ӽ˵ү
ǣЩɣ

˵ͷ˳ȥ

 95 


ŵʱ˶ˡ
ʹʹսңʹָȷѪ꣬Ϣǳĳ
СֱҪ!
Ŵе䣬ȴȻδͽããȻǰֱģҲĲҰס
ĪּűߵţҲסˡĿһ飬۵Ķɪһ
֪ǰȫˣֻѾʹˡ
үȻذɣսѾʤʣµǵоĪҧҧ³бǿ˵
Žһӣүء
յȭ͵ɿ󲽿Ӫʣ⣬һ㱼˳ȥ
һ·ۣ߲ݡ·ϲʳҲ˵һ仰
ŽҪŵˣԳɳʱҪ塣˼Ĺȣ˲
µҲ֪˵Ĳͬһ·ƴıڡ
ܵݳǵʱ򣬲ȫ£ųصǣҲܳѪĭһͣ£ǰϥ̱Ĺ˵ϡ
һ˶ŵһȫڵء
ϻδļѵսۣһһѸɺԵѪգװȾ˰ɫ
ٲƽǰ𪿡ݣɫѪ۵ĸ£͸ȫ亮
Ӧ죬ûʾүڡߡ
ķ˺ڶŮҽʿҹźţȫһݣڵء
һϵʹ˵ķ˵ǰȹڵϣס֣˫Ŀ
ŴŽӲϿһ˿Ƶ顣
˻˻֣ʾǶȥֻһҽʿ
ץסֺţѪɫΪ־ʱ̡
ʲô¾ȲгŮӡ
ϧڸ顣˹ڻԼ˾ͱԼ
ôʻôʢһˣܾȥţҲ
Ҫߣص
һɬģ˻Ƶĺ֮𣬹Ƭʶ·

һ˯ǻ찵أ˯˶ԼǲˣֻȫɣһƬë
Ҳûʹû˿־壬˵Īõġ
ֻתͷһȴһʵһʱ벻ġҲˣסԼ޷巽롣
ȻԶһĹ⣬յòֱڵס۾ӦĹߺ󣬾Ϳǰˡ
ºʹȰĿ֣һžˡ
ǰְ֣裿ǻôᣬԼʮʱģ
֣裬ôˣǲѾôˣ񾪲ʡ
ɵӣһž۵ӣ𣿡
صĵͷģܿģټǿˡ
Ǵȥһûʹ˺ĵط
˻ˣҪɱȥȻ˽
Ҫߣص
ʱͣ˽ŲϤϤ⡣
Ȼת˻ȥʲôȴһĺ
ôıͰˣʲôεĸߪסˣ˲һţܼˡ
ǰ뵽ҹɫޱ޼Ŵءûˣһʱʹ޷ĵĻҲɢˡ
ȻǰһҲڴϵԼһʱЩ̫ΪһԼƮڴϷҲξô֡
ү
һƬ΢磬Լ壬ҲûκηӦ
ͿڴһֱԼ֣ͣĺԼ˵ʲôԼҰ׵ֱֻͦͦڴϡ
ʹ飬Ȼ۵ĲС־ȥ̫ᣬôҲ²ȥΪһֱһֱ
ֱ۵ƣ˯˹ȥһ˯ǺůһΡ
εǰԼ³ǽ󣬼һԳƽŮӡ
Ǹ˵Լǰռִ塣ԼٴԽȥˣҲܻȥ
ΪԼҪ黹ûꡣ
ǰֵĽٻûйҲûмޣûһϡԼôȥ
е˵˵ԸϣԼȥ
Ӧ󣬱ƮƮ˻ȥ֪Լ˶ã˯žֿһֱߣһֱߡ

˫ָ΢ʱ
˿һĻ¶ϲЦݣرķˣǾһֱҹţ³ʲô⣬ҳĶվסˡ
һֱվſڣ֪ԼûʸٿһֻҪͦһжνˡ۾̣һ˳ȥ
ȴİ񺣵׵ʯӲţ˿ɡֻӲ£ָŵ˫
ֱҽʿ˵˾䣺үȸιҩɡ
˵ͷɫѸٽȥԼӹҩ룬ָιҩ
ֻͦ˹ƻ˯ţιȥҩһһ˳˳æȥ
ҩʧһ룬ǷҪҩӴЩ
˵ĵһ仰ҽʿеܳˣ֪ǼĻŵģүģСѾǰӴҩ
˵ͷδڴ𻰣ιҩ
ƻ˹ҲŵǰʵүδδʳҲδϢһ̣ȺúţүȥԵ㶫Ϣ᣿
˰֣Ƕȥɡ
һ£ǹǡ
˱㶼˳ȥֻʣǶˡ
ιҩͷһڣֿʼ˵˵μʱӣ˵һ·Ҹ˵еĵεΡ
ʱ˵ʱһ䡣߶߶ѵġ
ѵĵһ£ǰС졣
ÿ࣬ʲôζûУֻʣ¿ɬǸԼ˶ҩ
üһһֹŴĿҩˡѵĵһ£ֲ۾
ˣˣ
һ˫ܲѪ˿۾Լ֪ǾĻŵģһ˲١գ۾ԼЩ
ŶǸôĺˡ
ֻ۾峺ǳԵĻɬʹģĺȦ
ͦΣȴΪš˵ůɺԵıƤ
ÿ°ҲЩҵĺ磬մ˰ɫѪ
Ǻǡɾģڿȴôݣֱ̣ɰòˡǰٿأ񻨳հš
ôף
ҲӺˣȴˣŵһɷѪȷζ
ǴɢζζۣǲԾǡ
Цˡ
¶˶һЦݣʹҸЦȻһѽӵ˻

ɹǣʹġ֪ʲôζ
ͺá૵ЩʡҾܻˡ
ӵڻԽԽҪ
Щܣ˿ҲЩۣ۵ȴġ
ѵ̧֣ıοûˣ᲻㣬ͻˡ
ֻоֱսЩյĶЩ͸ˡ
񵭵ЦЦûٶԼƬ̺оķ֮ôʪģĪǡˣ
ЩԾôޱأжޣЩЦ±ǣסȻͷ͵
æ
үˣ

 96 


ϴ⼸Ϥȴ߲ѵľϲС̫ˣ
ûУȻϡ
ˮ⣬үϣ
ǣһͿʼ׽ŪˣСﻹƤûӡ
ûһĻ˵δĥǺڵӴ󵽶ҳЦϷˡ
㿴ˡ
ŲȥϸȴȻס˴ֻŽ˻ȥ
ǵ࣬ȴСоôԼĻࣿԼĻ䣿Ϥȡ
̰ţǵֹκεҩܸĽ
ɿȻû⣬۵ɺܺ졣
һۣһģûˣԼо˯Ժ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ЦЦķڴϣúţ˸ЩԵȥ
˷ţſҽʿܳԵķʳŮϴ˼ɾѡ
ѯŮŵ֪ԼѾôáֲһ㲣ѶˡԭЩҹԼ߲ݡ
ԼⱲӣǶôˣܵõ˵ϲ
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Цˣ֪Լô˵ģҲԼݵӣ˵ͷãúϢһҴظ
һǣգ۵ͷЦߵſڣֵˣүϢٺúϴϴ϶ˣɾѡ
ͷһۣһϷʹ״ִ󲽷˻ȥ̽ѰɨƬ̣ʣôˣ
ʧЦߴٵүȥЩҲ޷ҳ껹˯һᡣ
ıǼ⣬á˵һǣЦתȥ

嵭С˳һ࣬˯Ѻо˿ڴЩʹ⣬ﶼûʲô⣬һȵġ
˿ڻܵģվһӵˡر򸾣һֱСĽڴǰЦźţܲϰߡ
Ͳϲ˶࣬ҲԸ벻Ϥ˵ףԼսս޴롣
ǺЦ򸾵л˺ͷ⼸յչˣձȻظˣ˶лҲˣ£ǻȥЪЪɡ
ⷬȴΪܳһССĳܻԵչվѸеǳˣл
æЦɷ¹ˣǲжϳǽ콫ʿɱУж̾磬¹ٸǺա
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ˣҲʱڳǽϲ֪˭ôгʱܹʿ¼Ȩδᣬպͺá
ԭίֲôδүȢ޵ءδȢδȢү⼸ն˿Ƕģ䲻ʤ
Ȼô˵ˣƺȻҽˣҲֱЦŹĸ˿ڣǣ
ЦЦ˯뿪Ϳһˣɡ
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˯о˺ܶࡣ
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ЦЦϷʣᣬһ֮ǰһ㵱ɸ˿
ĵ˵ͷ⻹ࡣ
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ǡ룬ԼЩʣʺʹ࣬ǶôĿЦ
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ָյĸɾˬںڵȦǹϣԱԵɫ𪣬˿ۡ
үôô磬ûϢ᣿ҷҲ˯ţοһֱš
ЦЦ޷ҿŰģˣȰŵҩ˰ɡ
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δһУЦ˭һѾͺ˴롣
˶Цˡ
·˵˼仰ȻŽԺſڱˡ
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˷ĵƣȥ£ҲȥúҴ±ǡ
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˵仰ͷɿһۡ

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ѾˡСȴһֱͦǸˣĵЩɬ
תһ룬ֻҪܺúõԼˣЩʲôںġ
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͵ĲͷĿԡ
û뵽˵֪Լ⻰еǳ𾪡
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Ÿ̫ҲҪŪЩɢζŵĶæĲֺӣоԼ벻ס
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ָţĥֶģæ˺ð죬оҪˣֱһۡ
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һҽʿˣ㲻úţ㲻ҩҪȵġ
һȿҩըë˶ˣҽʿټȣɱˡ
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죬һүţֻҪóҩ˭ԡ
Щεͷ˸ϵĲУùΪһ˺Ժ
ųһĺȥԡү͵˵ת㿪Ҫܽԡžડһš
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ֻܿӾԼ⡣ֻС̫֪ˣʮεа˴βÿҪԼĥһܴﵽһĳɹ
ԡŵ֪ϣ˿աֻﰵ㣬һҪҪʰġ
һ߳һʱڱʲô壬ЩڴһʱָоЦ̲סأЦ
ˣоϧǿƵռˡÿÿ뵽Լʱ̰ҪԼܽѪУһ
뵽˵Ǿ䡮û㣬Ҳ޷ͷжҸ֮࣬һ鶼ȥˡ
仰ԼԺʲô¿ɵĵأţκΪԼԲĽԼֻҪµʱ߾С
뵽⣬ѹĵ׶ǿʯȻࡣǼʱͷҲûôɬˡ
Сʸͷٴѡڴŵһ̣ڰӰ͵͵ЦЦװµӣȥԡš
ι

 98 


ҪҪӣҪҪţ˸ͷľһߺһ߳ȥ
żᱡĶɫɴԡıɢеܰ㣬һéζƵԡ㣬֮Ƣ
ӵ뻳̰׷˵
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ϧ־Ĵ׾ٱ㱻ˣ˱!
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˾ԽԽճˡ
үҽʿˣ˵Ϊġ
̫εĴħצүȥ˶ˡ
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ҵϴıǺãŴԼȥš
ȥɡ˵
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ҽʿһֱͷĹˣ߹ڵ󣬸æ¹
˵ͷȥҽʿŸ̧ͷһ۴ǵϸӰ
Ӧҽʿҩ߽ңһ۴Ůӣֻ˫շɺ죬ۺˮӣ˾̾ٲҶ࿴һۣæٴεͷȥΪõĴǰϡ
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⽿ĻӦõЩҡҪȥձĥĿֻǿڱصõļƣܾܾ̾ȥɡ

 99 


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ɫ⴩涵ҶͶнĳϣ߲Ӱڵ·ԡ
ƿɴ̽ͷȥԶȺɽʱ˲ʱ·Կʼϡķᣬһǽ⡣
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ˡһֱ粽ĸϸעһ쳣
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ϺԼҹŮӻһףܲһ֦Ҷ
ݺҲǸߣƢӲģ޸ЩںѰٻĲͬ⻻ףⲻǰһĻ
꣬ȫһȻ顣
ʱȰˣ㲻ˣĸô͸Ϊ룬Ϊ绻һôˣʮ绻׵¶ȥˣҲһѰġ㲻Ϊ翼ǣҲҪĸĸܲǣ
һ˵꣬˶о˵е׷׵ͷʾͬв˳Ը͡
Ҳ˿̾Χģô˵ǿﳤ޸ǲںкˣҲֿϧ
⻰Ҳв˷׷׵ͷʾͬһʱȺָָ㣬ߴߴ۸ͣ
˴Լиˣ˵ŴŮĻǸĸ֮ý֮ԣݱ粵֪ǻӣҪȥԼһδҲ̫ɱˡ
Ȼ뵽ԼԼΪ˲ǻӲӻ𣿺ȻͶŮͬ
Լһִȡɵ뷨ûʲôرģλŴֿٹ̵ϰף񲻽һЩ
ҲԾĵתż⣬Ⱥȥ
ˡͼǰȰ裬ͼתͷܽȥͶŮӣ鷳ȺΪҿ·
ˡһֻܱ죬ͷΧȺа˸ӡ
ſȺڵסŮӡĴֲʪ͸ͷһδˮ顣һڵϣͷĵ͵͵ģϥͷһһ׺š
߽ʱҲע⵽һʱֶĿⱻȥ
ʹĻ񿴲ݣֻͨŲ׵ʣӵµȹŵǼӱڣҲ֪һ˼ҵŮ
Ǹʶÿ˵ͷԾΪ·
ʱһֱ׺ݺҲע⵽΢΢̧ͷſĳ࣬ȷʵǸˡ
ԲĶ쵰ϳһ˫ƯĵĿβ΢΢͸һ̬
ҶüǡôıǼС죬Ұ׵СԵļϸ崵ơ
ռᣬг޿ľ
̾ϢҼ
ݺͬʱҲһǰˣĻİɴסӣһƳȹβžµĺϻÿǳ۵ĻУ׺һԲ顣
Ҳ˺ÿɵѡⲻһ˫ʶ˶۾
֮ǰʱڸε¥ԣ͵ЩļĹС㣬һԼ޸˼ңҲƯ
ǰһλҿ϶֮ǰЩСǶҪҪС
ǿžƺ¿һϣ
ݺ̧ͷŵץסѡ
Ⱦҡ
һû뵽ôˣץԼȡ
ſڳ԰οһһ߳ȣݺѾͷֳѰٻĶۣ
Ѱȥֻһͷ׵ĸŭ˹˵ţѰġ
ˣҪҼ޸Ǹȳӡ
޸ô绻ϱһʲôģ˭ǼޣѵΪҪ𲻳ɣΪﲻãߣ֦ͷˣϧۼҵûҲġٰ½ˣҾǴҲҪǼȥ
üĵӵŮͶһ԰οĵĻ˵ҪҲҪȥ
Ҳ̫ûʲô⸾ˣ˾ֿʼǻˣȰ뿪Ͻȥˡ
̾⵽ĴŮĴô˴£һͦأεĶˡ
Ů˵仰ɣŮҲȥݺ󺰵
ŲڴԵһһ١ϵƣļͲɣͷ̾Ķ׿һŴԡٵòһľګģҲһԡ
һһپݺĸˡʵƵӣҲܲ¡
ʱݺһᣬ͵ȥһñۼֿһס
ȴ˵ȥһƾͺϡ
һж벻ʯһǳɣδһзӦͿŮ͵Ĺ£Լͷͷؿĵġˡ졣

 100 


ʱѴлǰһסǺ⣿˵
ݺصߵһͷ޵ңʶǳ֪վУֻйң﷢ľң
˵ץȹǣ
ʱ֪ܲǺ⣬ĸûǮȢޣֻҪҪġȻײˣûвĵ
ºͳ֪л˵
ݺִⲻ𣬿޵滨꣺ҰԼѾߣңҵǮȢޱǡ
Ȱ㲻Ѿߣҿ϶ģ
ݺĸ⻰ʱ۷Ź⣬Ҳ˲ݺˣŶӾͿʼͣĿͷвͣ߶šл,лˡ
ĸʣȢ
һתʱۣ𣺡Ҫӡ
⻰һڣ˵ʱˣֱ£ĵӣûȢϱõôࣿʮӶ˵Ͱĺܷˣ
Ǹһʱ߳ŭΪûģҪȽ޺ã˼ҹſϼ޹ټȢ׵ķÿɲ͵ð
˵궥һŴĿ
񵭵ЦЦʵʮҲãҲգ˵Ŀܹˣ˰ﵽףͷ͵
ãǲҪˣͰ˵İɣһ
˼ֱ֣ⱲӻûһӼôӡͣĵͷ˵˵һʮٸҲûӦ
ãպŮɣԼޣǲǿ󡣡
룬ôӸȢϱȻٱԼŮ޸˼ˣֱ⣬Ҳ۰
ڴӦããһһٲˣٲˡ
˵ͷóһŰƱݸǸˡתͷݺݺ·˰ɣŸĸؼȥɡ
Լ֣ݺ˲һ飬Դ˹⣬ʱӳĬоˡ
ҲԼⱲΨһһǰĻˣܴʲôһҪߡ
һޱлš
ݺ͵̧ͷǰмһץס½ǡ
Ųһ٣ɻ£
ݺ̧బĵƱҲܰҪҽԼѾߣǱ㵱ߡ
ﲻ֪ľګûƣպмӵʱǻǻϴģҽԼڹһʹ
ݺ⻰ĵĨһ,ɵŮ͸úõѰ˼ҼˣĻՒ㣬ﻹܹ⺦㲻ɣ
ݺҡͷץס½ǲšﲻûһܶİһӹִּ
ΨһĻᣬΨһһܺ͹˴ϻĻᣬҲ֡
ȴ֪˼ֻۣ۵Σˮƴץסһݡ
ûܾʱľˡ
ԼҲѾҲҪӵԼ֮⼸Ҹ
һԼڿԼİͻȻоʲôĵ׵ĿԼΪβȫ񵱳˳ȫԼ
ףʣŮִˣǿã
ݺ￴ݺ˫۾İ˼᲻ֻ֪̫ߣƽͷտġҲ֪ûԼסļҲװ
תͷЦЦ𣺡ݺԼɡ
ݺصĸ˸ͷ󣺡ȫ
ºͳ㲻ˣȻԸҳȫǡ
ݺֱϲվߡ
ȴҹȻؼʰһ£Ҳͼ˸պ֪ʱټǡճʱеվѰұǡ
ݺĵ׵ĿϲЩΣоһͶԼһӴ˶ԸҪ͸ĸˡ
ȼ飬ɲΪԼˣǹϥǣ
ÿǰɴЦЦת˳Ⱥ·ͣʻȥվ
ݺҲ游ĸ˵ĽдһƱ˼ҡ

ºһ˳˳Ľݳǡ񱾴԰סϸһ룬ϾӦˣھ̵ݱױ¶Ǳˡֱӻ
ݺҲû뵽Լôãһͷײ˲оĶҪ
Ҳڵĵλ֪ὫںδǷܵѾͷԼҪŬЩС
㽫ݺһµ͸٣ϴһ󣬰װ˵Ľųȥѩȥ԰
ϴ뿪ʱϲĸ׳¾һͬ԰ס֪ϲСڲ԰ȥķ˰ɣδЩ
ţϲϲĽкˣգ۵ĹͿǰŵæҿ˿ȥ˰ȷ˺Űġ
ĹˣҪ˵żҵˣ񲣿Цų
ϲѹûֱܹһѽס˵תȦСӼ²ôôˣתͷֱΡ
æĸ첲ͣ£СӣҪת˲ɣҵͷߵڻء
ϲһԸæ£˸ϸ˿Ȧһ죬ҲЩ죺˺ö࣬˵űŵʱôôأƬëƵá
˵રિʼ
ϲ֮ǰ˵ֿˣ˶²ѣʱͰŵĲС
ƫȥˣֻܿޣյүͷƽ˵Ȭˣ㰲ġ
һȬˣ˺ö࣬һ˼ˣܲۡ
˵ĸ׺͵ܾܵˣ˵һסˣҲһۡ
ŵŽӣҲЩᡣ룬ͼأСԼûء
ˣˣǵҲѹҵȬˣҲûʲôֻЩѣʱն̣ͺˡ
һ߰οһȥᡣϲùѹأԼţΪЦ
˵˼仰һߵԺӣ԰ľ˸ܺӣӡ
Ϊһӣһӣ裬µĻ꣬֡
˻ڣֻïܵҶ紵ɳɳ죬Ҳڻӭ
ϲ˵˲Ļˣһ˷ϲź˸ԡ
ľͰ˶ûУ¶˵ˮԼȫסˮҲϧƵãΪţʱһµƣ롣
ݵˮҪһѩ׵£ϲԼʸͷ
ȥһ·ƣƤʱ١
ϲžе񣬸̾ȻЩôָأ
̲סЦˣСӳأ˿ˡ
ϲ죬ϲ˵ء
ͶòȻǣһһ˵˺һӻֱ¸һſĴ˯ȥ

ڷݵһ󲿷ʱ䶼԰ֻżظ档
ظʱٲʹ͸ݺڸô˵ڿܳԿ࣬ԹǸΪɵѾͷ
ΪݺĶ¶еˣʮӣȥÿѡ
ݺĻмл˶Ҳϲ㰲Ժ˽ѾߡǸߵѾͷܸɵĻݺȻ

Դӻݺ󣬳ǰʮջʱɢ¾ֿ֮ʼеķ˻šӹʲôʱܹ
ϴյŻڰǰԼѹҪĳǳأٽһƣɿ顣ٵĹҲͻࡣ
һ㣬ٹҲܻˡǰ뿪Լ뿪һʱҲôôûį˵һƵģɬ
ѵԼΪĸоŴˣ֪֪᲻ĵɪС-ŲҪòá
ս֪ûˣôвʣҲԼɣ롣
Ȼҵģս޲ʤֻɳпᣬǹۣ˵һ㲻ǼٵġοǰվȷѪꡣи˵ʹȵҲԸȡ
ͻȻ뵽Լʱվڳǽϣֻƾһ˾ͻĹ£һǽĵˡ
һԽִˣЩ˵ʵڵģֱڻһеĲʵС
ʵԼ𣿲廹꣬ôħһ㡣޸飬ѾľеѪĲֻ̣һɱһһɱһ˫
ЩԼɱˣȥʱһ˲񡭡ʹȥ»۹ȥãԵʱԼսѪȶе־塣
žһ
˶㱼ߵ񣬷ֱԼеһ֦۶ˡ飬һԼУ֪ȴҪô塣
гϲִԺе۵׷Ứʱͻ
ôˣö˶˵ôأ
±ǣпޣֻǷ紵۾Щʰˡ
еķţƲסͻ˼롣
ϲеķʱʲôʱأ
ϲЦ룬šʱӣǽĹ£ҸоЩʺϹ㡣
һۣʣʺʲô
ȻǮƹû»Ҫо²ȥ䱦
˷ۣоôͭʲô׬մߣ
ϲһЦȻҲȫˡֻӸоЩʺϹҹһЩ;ȣɢŹâ񽫾ʿ̡
һЦˣ˰ˣƵġ
ϲٺһ֣Ȼûź͹ʱӿ϶񡣡
ЦҡҡͷȤǲȫǵĻһоʲô
ϲ룬ӸоӦǺܸŵ£ʣ˵дʫˣ֮ǰϾʱ˵ﻭһֺõء
Ǹʱĺð취ϱӴ˻ʹͻ֧ˡⱲûʶˣСӻ飬һӾ˵ϡ
վϲķʣ飬벻뿴һĻ
Ȼ룬ҪҪھͻһӿۣ
ðԺɨһȦԱߵĴһָˣ鰸̧£ǻ
ȡϲӦţ̧ȥ
˵һƵˡ̾һӣֱǸûĺӣȻʮ굽˵׵ͣӣٲûҪһˡҪȵʲôʱ򰡣
Цҡҡͷϲɲ֪ڰȤȻָأǷŷţٹȥ㡭
㿴𣿡
һۣ˵ͷͷǰɡ˵Ʋߵǰ
ϲΪֽ̺մմī֭ʣϲ뿴һʲô
ϲ̧ͷ趯Ҷ˰죬ĵ뿴ˣ˵ˣֻлϲеˡ
ЦˣһҶôǰ룬ͼ֮٣ƽʱԼֻϲЩ羰ʲôġ
ֻлϲеˡ һʱЩ벻Ӧʲôӡ
Ѱšǵǰʹʱ͸һͼ˵һλʥʱİŮӣΪ鴫Ըڲͬľ
ֻǵʱ͵Ķֻᷳһ۾֮ȷʵҲûǻϻˡ
˵ͷãҽһʥͼҼġ
ϲЦѽѽҪ۸ඣ
ЦЦֳëʿʼֽʱһλ鶯˵ԾȻֽϣֻΣľ̾ˡ
ʼĿ̻ϸڣϸʴѣͻȻбʼһ٣ͷһ
ô˹ôˣ㿴Ķÿ
΢΢һЦˣΪͻȻ뵽˼Ҫ

 101 


Ҫ£ûϲӦͶȥҸС˴òƹȥǰԺƫңҪ˵
ŶϲһȻ״˷ܵĵԭ뵽һ׬ǮĵӰ
ô֪Щʡ
ϲٺһЦȻǿСɢĹâ˵˳ȥ
˻תץϧץ˸գ޺޵Сӣִ򣬸Ϸˡ
ϲܵԶ˸Ӳң˵ʵˣȥ
ŷһûӰϲֻЦҡҡͷ

ƫʱ򣬲ƹǵˣˣǰЦű˱ȭڳƶҡ
Цŵ˵ͷָԱߵӵƹ°㡣
ܵʤһʼӦɣ֪겻۶˻Ƕ¶ֵĺǫ֮ǰΪ¸Ȼǫʹˣ£ġ
û뵽ѳΪ׸䲻˵鼰иҵ˭ֻҪһĴ硣
µԼ̼ҲǸˣ˵ĻҲ֡
̶ܽ˵ķˮ𣬿֪ͬһ㡣ʹˣÿÿ˻һ統ǫ͡
ڵԼЩˣʱоЩաŶ˵˼֣¾ԸҲҷ֮£ҳܰж֡
ЦЦҾƹЩģȥҼϺõ֯췻ɣи뷨Ҫȥ̸һ̸
ʶҪ˿񲼵𣿡
˵ͷǣͲƹĲ̫һҪԼҳĻǰ֯ЩľɴУֻǵĵ˵ֻҼΪ֯ѡ
ƹȻ˵ͷԶҵȫŷ̲סеĲ˳⻨ǴŪأǱ죬ڲͬǵش£֯ĳɱ߲١
΢΢һЦ뵽ԼϾǶܶˣȥδһ⡣еĵĿǰδĺܶඥʽԼȻǰȻûɲһ
˵Ǹ˰ĹңҪ۷ʽ·ĿʽϵĻɫʽǱȲϵġĲ˵ǰīⷽ۹һأοĳǰʽء
ԼֻҪúһ㣬ϾЩȦһѹûвĵ
ǮȻ׬Ǯ˺ͰĸŮ˵Ǯˡ
ЦƹõĻ£ʱû˵ʽͼ㣬ֻ˸֯ľá
ƹȻٶʣӦһãҽձ֯죬ѡһõģȷű֪ͨҡ
Ц˵ͷͷˡһ£պϵ£ұ㲻ٳˡеպ㶼ֲֻȥбǡ
ҪҳģҸʵ˶ҡպֻĻˣҲֵǽһ¡
ܵʤ˵ͷһʼ֪ҵļ˲̣ˣҪҲˣд˰ҲΪ档
ҷģЩ¶׵ġ
ЦȻŵĹƹ񡣡
ܵʤ˺Ҳ˺Ժ˵ӣͿʼʻ
գƹѰԼѰ֯췻¸ϸ˵˵ÿ֯ĲͬƷ
˵¹ǸϸˡƹȻϻǫãﻹ̵ĺõġ
ҵƷϸ˱ȣҼ۸УȴҲ㲻þϸ
һã۸ҲԸߣ֯ĶһƱ֪Ƕõġ
ĶԱȣʵ붼룬ȻõңҲһ˼·öϸ߼ڸ߳һɱȫԺԲơ
֯óһ»ʽݸƹȥϰһԣĺãԺоȫ֯졣
ƹŻ˰죬һȻЩҲûֻ⻨죬ȷʵδ˳ľȥ֯
պ󣬲ƹȡ˰ƥ»ĽĿϸ˿ﵽԤ룬ĵ˵ͷ
ó߰⼸»Ļòƹȥ֯һľϸʹһҲûϵҪ֯ߵ˿С
ƹһҪ֯ô࣬Щɵʣңôõ֯һƥǧɣôƥûм𰡡
΢΢һЦ˭˵ҪˣúȸҺúôҪȥϾЩǮˡ
Ͼƹ񵱼üǺ޸ֱȥɻף˸Ƽ¸ʯһ߹ٴԱȥǿ̣ûӲϵ»ܶۺưɣ
˭˵ԼûиĸǰԼ˵ݵҪˡպԽԽ;ͻԽӼɵ˹ͶؾסģƤ²Űġ
ԼҪؾˣûɲȥȻЩֻԼ룬ɲܶԲƹᡣ
ƹȥáңˡҵ̵£Ҫвƹˡ
̵λ뾩ˮӡ¥ӵȣŮӺ͸ĸߵԽԽáһҪõĵؽǣ۹ЩҲ޷
µҲżûкʵĿĻҲȵȣһʱҲ֯ʹ֯Ҳˡ
˵ƶܵʤȻûвӦԸ󣬱Żͼȥ֯췻ˡ

һæԵӹķɿ죬գ۵Ĺ͹ȥ˰¡һ뵽ͿˣĶŻֺҸ
ֻû뵽ǣĲĪĪ֡
ھУڸſӭ˴һСױʤĪ֣һ˼Ǹεš

ȥʤ
ٴκݺݵĴʵŮӱһ֮ɳնɱƷɡ
ӶİܸʿͲη塣֪򣬺ܶཫ¶⡣
ֻһһϴǰܲΪ籨Ʒɣս
ֻʿ֮ǰܵѾңƷôʿҲôҪֱǰҲĶ֡
ιǳزδ̫Ҳδ̫˳ľ͹ݣնɱļԱ󽫡
Դս
ƢεǺʶʱΪǵĿԴ󣬲ŵΣ͡׳һԱ⡣
βȫ湥ռĺʱȻþաһսīĸߡءݱīС
ݣӾζī˼ǳضѣҪǣµһǲصأڡ
ֻҪʧȥݣͻ˥ȥ񱻰ϻҲΪ壬ֻҪʱһʱ׾١
úõһǿʢҪĿԴ󡢲ҲֻԹԼˡ
һֱǱΪûôˡī޺ãֻҪлٻɧźɱī
֮ǰīͼɵŭԣԹ˲ϾȻȥչʹˡ
ץסһʱĪȻؾŴתУȥʱʣīʵͳһҵ
ɼʧԼֻбֵǸΣ֮˵Ŷÿճˮ˼

ӹţĪֵл˵ս»ҪһʱܻϢδЩʧɬҲñֳϾǹҴ£ԼĶŮ鳤ǣ
ʧʧ䣬ĽǷǳġĪִһ£ֲ˼ֱʣϴ⣺֪үʲôҪĶҩǳԲߵĶҿԱһЩñִȥ
Īֹ˹ǣүһаãģ㲻ǣҡҪؾϸ֪ʱܻءһʱΪӴ
û뵽ĪλҪϾģδٶʡ˵˼亮ѵĻһ·ЩȥЪϢǺ󣬾Ȼ˺Ժ
ĪעȥıӰδо˲١ĵһ۷ܿ㽫ĵסջתȥ
ڶһ磬Īֱױ˾ǡ

 102 


ׯϵĴ֮ϣһȵĽŲתͷǸ꽫ȻԵķ糾ͣü仹ų;ĵݣ˿Ӱơ
Ŀбӵߵ룬֮о֮񣬡Ī֣ү֮ǰϸүʵһۣϸ˵սϸ̡
үóΪתʣԻسϸ
ԪغЦµӹ۽ͣһЦ---׼Ҷɡ
һʱմãĪֵĪҲˣ֪˺ͣޱȷ㡣ǹ͡
޾ͷΪƷ۽͸ۡһΪҽ֮ˣ޶ͣ
˵̧ͷɨһȦˣһЦ
Īֹл˻ʶ
ĵ˵ͷֵһ·࣬ȥϢЩʱգǲ
Īٴл󣬱뿪˳á
˿ĪȥıӰиףΪī͢һ¹

ʵڳϵһʹͷ⣬Īھһ³ΪֿȵÿͥСˮż㱻̤ơ
Щǽͷݼ絹ˣĪֲ֮һƾʹϵύģĪֶƵľƣܶľͶˣ㲻ľͿͿ˺Ѽˡ
ÿһ㶼ڸ飬ӵͬʱŻʵǻعݵ顣
ȴûҪҪȥϾĪҲĸɽ
Ī֣绢ټսǿʵЩĵ׿ʼǡ
뵽ΪԼƺӦٻġ˭ܱ׼ԺأԼ׳Լʵ˭ܱ֤ģ
οȻ̫ѡЩϳ᲻Ϊܵż򲻹Ͷ£ӵ֮
ɲ¼ɵֻҪ£ǾԡڴҰݣβֻۿ³
ʵǷֵأ޷ЩӶ֮
ͶĽĸȻλɻʵ۵˼Ħͨ͸
ἰĪ־һصͣΪĪھáЩ²ò
Ƥһۣ˵ĻÿɷȴҲûϸʡ
˵ȴƣһԼ˻лءһԼĲûдʵֻҪһԼİõĽڰˣȻҪΪϷˡ
ϣ͢Ŀǰûһɿε浽֮׽⡣ָرǼˣ˶ġָ˭ϲҪǰ
Գ飬ĪھǣֻҪԻģ˱㲻
üϺ겻ĸһ¾͵Լǡ
͵˵ͷᰮ˵Ҳ޵
ڽ˻Ī֣ǡϾ߾Ҷ꣬ҪƽһһϦ֮£֮ʿɲúġ
񵭵ЦЦ֪ⲻүĪأϾү¹͹ߣ˵ģñ·أʵֻΪתʸ飬ȴĪԻ˾
ţĪڸÿչеĺܣԱ³ٳٲǵҲżƺһ̬ȡ һα°š
һ˵Ĳ޵ˣԼβ飬ñ˴˶ģ
պĪֱӵ˻ʵµگպξʱϵǲ
ʹ˾ʵδĪֵԤϡ෴˵ݵʵǿֹ֮ݣú󻹻ṥػʵ۵ļɵ
䵽ʱûʵۿѹĲȱԼģҲġ
Ī飬ϣĪֱξӹܷʵǼ¡
Īּֽδֳκεֱּлּ̫Ȼһп۵ףһĻعȥˡ

ĪһΪ¹ŷĲֻύĴ󳼣ԶڳصһˡıãĪ档
Դ׺Īһֱסľ˸ǴεĽѵδаֵĻ⣬еĲӾ硣
뵽ԼһĸŹŮ䵽Ƨ˵ǸŮݵʲôԵүǰԴԼǼѻĺ뼵ĵסȵĿÿһζһķθ
ԼĿڰͷˣøĪѻؾƷĴ󽫾ȻŹعŮĻᡣ
˿ȥĪһȥͬסţԴǿУ˵ŶԱҸ˼ھ˸סĲ̫ĵĸΡ
Ī֮ǰ֪ȥԭɣֻΪСľ˸Լʱط鱾ʣµΨһöеǷӵţȻƾܡ
ƾܣԼĸƴȥ˸ҽ
ƵԺĪľ˸ǳϲǿд˼ơǴĵΪĪôɫøеˡ
֪ŮǸĸģ˺߹ٵĸھǣպͷ
Ī濴ĪԼȥǣıǰһʱõ˼㡣һҫͱ˵պԼٺúȥ棬һߴߴȥʰõſľ˸Ҵһ󣬾ʹߴټֱ·
ÿӣһԼ˶Сسǣ³һЦˡ

ͬʱƹҲھǹƼһҴԺӡǴ۱͸ߵľˣ֮ΪؽǶõ˲ٹϵȻҲ˲ӡ
֪ЩһƥǧĶܲĳ˲أǿ˷۱ˡ
ޣôô뷨Һʱ⡣
Ҫ˵ģǴһװӾͿʼϰˣⶥµװޣҽȥӣܵʤоѹĺܴ󡣱ȶҵȥһҺѹ
뵽Ҵ󴬣ⶼ˿˰ɣӦҲˡһʱҲ˲Ǹˣ涫Ұĳе
һʱ͵βľűߵĺ£ƮƮյĴѩضװγһƬİס
ɾļ̤ѩѰ÷ĺӡĪӦյʮպ÷롣
Ī¹ǳѽӴʵϵύĻ֮⡣
ʲôʱȻбȨлȨʱο˭˲֪ջĺˣүұۡƨɣΪٻĳãҲܻɥ
Ȼ·ͨȻ辶ϲǸʵģǸеĹ˱ŮǴ⡣
ɸĹһķʽڸżʶ¡ĪǵֱĲҪ̫ˮ
öе͹ԱҵĹﲻͽύЩŹ󸮵ĹŮҲкüɵǧһ
ⲻ͸ʮպͬȥ÷ӡ˵ıұĸ÷ĺãмＸ׵Ůȥ÷ϵͬȥ
ĻᣬĪȻܾҪ޳Ǳ÷⾩ĽðЩ˳ٶʽѡ
÷ָŽֱһҼߵĳе㿴Ǽҵ꿴ô¸ߵҲ϶Ƕĺãȥɡ
Ī̧ͷ˿ǵϷҶƳеꡣ
Ǽ¿ĵ꣬ǽȥ˵÷ݡ
һݾ͸еͨů⣬ŵػë멵ݸ÷̧ͷһȦ塣
Ī濴˿ڵװ꣬͸ƷζߵȴݻСҲǼˣһװ޾֪궫۹ڲͬ˲Ŀ䵽δһĿĸо
ãŸԸ
תͷܣĿֱϰڷŵĸɫо˿ֻǹ֪Ƕӡǻɫʽо̾һǾкöĺ
ЩһͺܹɣĪ氵Ǯӣһ顣
±˿ȥǰڳһ߹ʣƹģӶͷǷɷ۵ô
Ȼǲƹ񣬶ϲ׳¾աµ꿪ó¾Ϲҵˡ֪¾Ǹģ֮ǰǱƭҲĲ
˾ãȻһֱ԰ֻЩֻ
¾һͷʱ˾溬ЦݣӴʵѽһк۹ģôˣʲ˵ܽԹĹ˵Ӳ󡣡
ϲĿԼ֪ΪĵƨҲôϡõҶ˳һȻĵ
ŵ߰Ц⣬¾ձ۸񣺡һƥ
ĵ׶ʱ㵣ΪԼˣֱϳ¾Ǿ۾ϵЦ⡣
һƥӣôȥأ
ߵ÷Ҳ㾪°ͣ⾩ǵĶҲ̫˰ɣ
컺˺ðŻع͵͵Ī䣬Сôǿ
Īתͷһۣ÷ʱ
¾һ˵ļƣһ֣ԭðǮ˰תָ߽һƥɫӣЦҿɫҲܳƹķɫ￴Ҳˣһһƥ
ǿˣǵӵʵغͻʽǱûеģ˴Ͽ϶ޡ
ǰӵɫʵضϳ˵ģϸ⻨ɫǾޡ
Īḧų¾ùϣЩְ֣Ǯӣа̾ǲ󰡣
ɫǲģҪʱ򡣡
ĪڼǴС㣬ΣׯĺҪġ
¾ˣǿȻǿͿͳȥ
Īһţһ󺮷紵Ƿдűһӹ壬Ŵ̴̵ۣͬ˿̵顣
ɵ֯Ƥë멡÷Ҳɪһ£˴֣ʵĶÿҲڻȥȥ𣿡
ôǮֻʮӡ
ȥֱĳµ꣡

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Ȼֻʣ¹ͺͺ֦⣬ϵѩûлеɢɢţеıɱ֦ͷ
ͻأɪӳĵѩ֦λúÿ
վ£ſڲͣš
ϲóһ׺ëļͷүղ֪ʱǣαԺеأݰɣϸӡ
ݺ˸¯ſ˼ۡǰ˵ʱҵӦÿˡȻůͰɣҲ䡣˵׺ë
ϲȰվһšݺδүȻ֮ǰ˵λүӢԽˣԽء
ʱ򣬾һӵľϲүˣߵˣϾͿ쵽Ժſˡ
һʱ˳ȥܳԺžͿһɫ׵Ӣ꣬ͻȻŲһ٣Զϴ
īڵüЦۣӢͦıǣϤıȰǰЩȴľȡⲻҹ˼ĸ
û뵽ܳԺӭͻȻǰ˾һ㶡
˼ҷذ°ȹ˼ƺѣ˼ɫ֯ëĶԶɽüĿ۵˫ĴվԺѩһƬϣܸɾİںһ
ڷѩӣľһ͡
һʱٹ˲һͷĻҪϲ૳үүˡ
ſ˫ۣ§뻳ǾůӣĺԼǻһѪоյ˰ģ˲ͱˣͷĴ
ϲʱߺеݺһ˼Ժȥˡ
ϲδӾлݺү͹ƣʱ֪ӣϰ߾ͺˣ˶㿪ǡ
ݺ㶵ĵ˵ͷһʱЩŪǳԾ˲˵ܾٶǳԾǸ续˰㼴Ӣݡ
λտڿഫү
һǣŴӼ˷ܵϲлعͻȻˣһʱӻ
ͻȻһᣬᱧֱӽԺ
ϲݺ֪ȤûнȥȥһԺš
Ĳӣϣϡ
ϸɫƺ֮ǰԲЩͷĶˡ
Ằ֡
ţ
ңҿ˼ǡ
¶ǵ黰ͷɬö°ͣ뵽ҹ˼ԼȻͷһᣬۿ
ȴֱٴĴԼ˽غݺɨ
ϲЩܲסȥ᷿ůů͵ʱͻȻƿӣϲˮ
ϲɴӦһȥȡˮ
ݺȴһʱ֪øЩʲôָоʲôɡԭתȦ󣬱ϲ󣬿ʲô͹ȥ֡
ϲˮݵʱΪ˼£һ°׳
ݺݹȥһɽ
Ŀδƿ֣ĿƵ˶Щȥˡ
ϲʶȤĶֵ裬ݺ˸ɫһݡ
ϲˮڽַź裬תݺ˵үֻҪ͹ʱǲҪڱźġպֻҪţֻϴʱݾͿˣƽʱԶԶľС
ݺһ漴׹һ˿ۣԱµϲǣ֪ϲ㡣л㡣
ϲЦЦȥԼݡ
ϲºֿʼŨ
һν˳˼۵ǣЩĿĻ˺һͻȻ뵽ѽүΪ˸·϶ûԶɣСϻΪŷȥˡ
˵æȥ˷
ץٴΰӵҡͷҲ·ϼ򵥳Щ
ǰ滹кܶµȥŴ칦Ҳˡ̫ˣȹ㡣
ҪȥæŭĽƵϣδˣͲң
˵Ҳش𣬱ȥ໬
õֿʼѪӿһѹϡ˫ϲ۾ĲС
ͷ㽫ľ￪ʼþò񷽲ֻǶ֪ǰ¸ҪԼǱ
үˣȥҪ
ͷҲ̧ĹһҲ޷˵Ϳʼӡ
ǵ飬ֹסĿЦţȴšֻؾš
ͻȻе˱仯ЦءȻͷһ˳ı㽫˹ȥץס
һ٣û뵽СӾʹ֪δòԼڲôԼܡ
ҪҪڡ
˫ī۾û뵽𣬾Цˡ
ڱﻵ¼ЩвҿӴ
˲˿ܵסĥֻ
΢ҵҾЩ㡣
ͷ˿ؿڱŪһǺۣ˫Цζ۾صãүżȡϡҵ㡣
һ仰ŵֻⲻԶ
ãЦųţǰȥ
һᣬ޷󣬱ϲݺүǰ£ںԺ÷ˣȵķǳ˰ɡ
֮ǰܺһ÷ʱһֱϲԵģݺҲû䡣ŴӲͬʳķϰߣһ˳Զû˼ҲûθڣһЩ
ϲϰˣһкóԵģɴӦһ󣬻˳ȥ
ǿǹĲˣóԵĲˣԹĶһҲȵġ
ٺ٣ǺþûԹˣλүĸˣϲš
ϲһûӰݺЦǸصģأиͻǸСԣһгԵıʲôˡ
ҪǷŵִǸ׼ĳԻѽ
ݺϲǴСģԶԴǶЩÿ˵ǰϥǵ͵ͷϲһǸиĺӡ
ЦĪҪĽˣҲֻҪֱкøġ
ݺЦЦǡ
һ˷ϲݺʰ֪Ҫһҹû˯áھһɾ͸оˣϴЪЪ
˭֪һЪ˯ͷ춼ˣɳ©ʱ̡
һƬžûƵƣֻһյƣٻƵ΢΢ţ͵Ĺ⡣
ϲĽŲŶ롣
ֻ˼վſڣæһ¸ϣʹůͣҲҪעѡС֮ǰӺٵ÷纮֢ģС꾹ءӸãҪעЩǡ
Цһݺ˵СԣĵϾͱɹܼأÿͣ
ϲƲƲ죬ϧӣұү״˵㲻ŵҩšֿͬ׿ڸҽүʱǧأ
˻һָ˴ϲţСӣһͷģأЩҩζķʳԵֱģŲҪÿնԡ״һò޸ˡ
ϲʱߺĸ˵Ҫ޸ˣĪҪ˵
ƽЩ־Цٶ˼
һôĪˣû£ҲСˣүˣѡһź£ҲһԲĽ
ϲŴͷۿЩˣĵãЦˣæѽģôôҪء
ϲǺͷۿȴԽԽ졣ЩڶˣˣҴˣպٲ¶ˡģ϶ģ𣿡

 104 


ϲĻ򴽽ǣֻȡЦ˵ģ˵ˡ˵һƵˡ
ݺöˮҪݣ㱻ײϡܵıӻ죬ݺʣϲôˣôô죿ô졣
֣ЦҡҡͷǺˡ
ݺһ㶣в֪ΪͻȻðôͷĪΪүˣ
æֹסԼĺ˼룬ЦЦɽ˹ȥ
ʰҪȥͼһˡݺͷһʱͣס˽Ų
˵ǰӭЦʣ칦ɻ֣
ϣ˵ͷȻʤ̣׽ʣܶཫʿ˴󹦡Ҹˣֵĺܡȥ˳ľӪʿǾ˼ƣȻܸЩ
̧ͷſڣȻһ٣ſݺЦݵ·յѾͷݺ
ݺԼŻ񣬸æ񣬡Ӽү
šһתͷ񣬡ҷˣǱˮɣԡЪˡ
ζĿ⣬ҧҧ´һۣݺӴˮɡ
ݺӦ˳ȥʵѾźһˣүûԼ
뵽үջϲ˵仰أͻȻЩɬ±ǡ뵽ϲһĺãЩ
ԼպһҪúñ֣˺ȥתͷ۵ƻݣ첽ȥˡ
ԡ㼱͵ı˴ʹ´ᣣѹ±㿪ʼ
ţ˰/һͣԽԽһܲסˡ
ؼʱץסҪԼ¿֣Цеүȱ𼱣º˵
ϣ͵ܣʱʲôҲһţһߺҲû´ʲôҲ˵
񿩿Цţ˵¾ǺйءҵСӣˡ
קӵһ٣̧ͷһĲţģӦò⼸ѽ
Цүʱģ
ڽ·ϡ
͵Ц˺һӣ˫ıǿֹס˵׼ü׼ɣء
һɥǰܣ˴ϡЦƳһþò˵/һʵҪñķӰү磽⣿
ЦеĿ˵ͷĵС֪
ʲôӵ˵㡣үȱۣ˵֮ǰԼˣϡ
ıۣ֪СӵĻŹ֣Լءɲ£ǻ뿴ЩʲôֶΣž뵽˸֡ǺǣﾹһЩۺڴ
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ǧһ֮ʣͻȻͣ
͵ۣĿļʾЩ
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˵Ҳĳĵĸ˱ȻԼҲȥ
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ڱ¿ЦԽƽ޺޵Ϸˣ޷㾻ɲҪģ
һǰӣϻǣƿôˣ
Цų±ͷ¶һ˫Ȫ۾Ų⣬ȴװһǸģЦѽϧˣҡ¡ҹү˭үʧһԼأ˵£ԭΣⶼҪġ
ȻֿЦЦ˺һᣬоЦ˷ֹס
Ȼתͷһʹϵ͵͵ĵʵүûӣƭүģСӡ
˵͵Цһռ˵ĵ
ü΢΢һЦżֲʣ治ұ
룬ճЩȵֶκһ壬һ׼Ͷʲôµġ
νҡҡͷƶ£
һЦӰĳУһ˻һϵĶдˡѸ⿪ģЩһǳɣʯɣľѹ¡
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СҲϷˣңЦ
ΪΪ⡭İ̾һֻ˳ӦˡҡһҹĴͣ
̾ûˣֱӻ˯˹ȥ
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˶ûһʹӣĵѽڣٲˣڱԼ
ͷһǣһٴ˯˹ȥ
֪˶ã͸оڲͣҡԼԸ۾ͿһŵЦݵĿǰ
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ǻããȻеı飬ЩݸһǣЦϲ˯ܲסûҹټģоղϻԵĻû˿ġ
һ黹˻꣬Ѹϵʹ˯ôöûȥǵ޺޵үˣϲҪˡ
һЦ֪ҹʵڱĥˣûסЩˣܲס˳ãҹ㡣ټ
˵겻ŭЦվȥϲˡ
ϲݺźϴ꣬˵˽ϷһݺһʳУõĲ˺һڷſ
һ۾Ϳҩţʵǿŵġǹҩζ۷Ŷ٣ŵĵ
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̾һжԼ֪Ҫ
һᣬ̯ƣԲٳҩƵĲˡ
ţͼ˷һۣүҾô˵ٳҩˡȫˣԼ֪
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˵̫һģ㲻˵ͷ
ȥҽʿһҩˡҺҽʿ
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иڿ϶˺Ҵȥαɺã
뱱Хѩĳҡҡͷȥ̫ˡ
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΢΢ЦˣͷЩոһ˿ΡȻ˵ͷ
ҲЦˣĽ§˻

ڴͬʱԶھĪ棬ҲӭһһʵķԽӵ˻µʥּΪɣպ
ǶŮ۲ĸݣĸĪ˵ˡ
뵽Ǵκ÷ż˻ϣϱԼĪõʱ򣬾ʹӻʵζᵽһ˿ͬȻգϱʥּ
Īȴû˰Ϊϻ׹ݶеˣ෴Ǹеһ뷳ơ
·ͻȻʥּ£ҲܹȻĿּ񡣸οýӵʥּ˵ɷԤϵļϲƺҲûзԵɡ
˵ڵݣ𱸣ټʱҪһ
ֻЩĪΪ£ֱּʩ׵ġ
ǿĪԤϵģǺʱϵģ

 105 


ŮԼ˻õվһ⣬ҿһۡ
ÿһװĪڴߣ΢΢ü뵽ճʱ龰
鷿ЩƷԪ˵԰÷ŭţȥ÷԰˹䡣
뷵ʱȻһǳ۷۵÷³һӰŮ°ѣɷ۵ȹɫëվ÷£ӳĵķ¡
פ㿴˿ŮӲĿ⣬Ҳתͷ˹
İӵһ̣ŮӲδеȣδȥǰ
͵˵ͷ뿪ǺˣŮ˵ԼĪֵĪ棬Ķ÷ģΪԼСĵĳײ
Ϳ˫ԼŵĲٵ۾΢΢һЦ˾䡰޷
ϸ˿ǰŮӣüĿ㣬ҲƯҪ˵ܴģҲ̸ϡģʣܶȲϡ
ݵ͵ע⡪Īֵá³͢ȱıĪսͽ
Щƺϸ룬ʶ֪ξʵŮĸΪϲнأǰǣţƺһ
οŮƺ˵ʲô˵ĸĪһ
ЩԶЩº֮
ٻһɰģʵϸ룬Ӧǹ԰йġ
ʱĿĹѰˣһŮ԰ѰʲôˣѰԼżɣ
뵽˴ݸһЦ֪ԼļƣĪָʹأ
һҵĪ󣬸æЦӭ
ͿеļɬΣΪ⣬ЦʱˣֱЪ˰ɡ
ĪϥǣϣΪϸ¡
Ҫ˵ˣرǵԼϲŮжϧǿ϶ûеġеֻߢȡռкƷ
ĪȻʹȴӭţڳҹλһиõӡᡣ
Һͻ⣬Ҫú˯ȥֱԴ۵ʵ˯
Īתͷ⣬ҹԲ͸ɢӳڵӰӰ´¡
ջ߿߰ϵٻƻ谵˷ڵһУҲ˴ʱ˵˯աһУʾŽҹ»鶴
ֺεĲһУɷݣµʣԶ崺̸¾ֹƩģ
ڣһжǸ澱ٸҹÿÿǸͼŮͷԼǿɬͼ޵ģͳҹߡ
Īͷһɨڸĳ衣
ԧֽϰڷŵ̴˿޶Ѭ¯̴ľ񻨸߰˫ɴװεǽߣϰһɫ֦ƿſ׺貵
Ŀ֮޲ֹĵλ͸
ĪȻЦˣַĵЦҹؿĥԼҹɬԵķߺޣƺҲûôŨˡ
Ҫۣվڸ߶ˣЩӺˡ
Īתͷһ۴ϴˣ뵽ԼһУƺʹûôˡ

ÿĴһڹٰӡʺ⣬˼ھıȽҪ׺ͼƽʱȽϳ谮ɲμӡ
겻ͬǣһλĪ֡Ȼ½Īݡʩ£˼⣬Լĸ˼ҵıóܰǰʶһ£պҲͻ顣
ĪԣͲϲμִŸɫĿĵĹ磬ֻʥΪǾʹڸСԼڴһá
ûʹ͵˼ҵСܰע⵽ʱʱͶмӰĽĿ⡣
ĪֻûпʼҲδһۡ类һʹݣθɣĪ̲סӲǸҡ
Ҳ׽ջμӹĿģ֮ǰҲ΢͸¶Щϼ׵˼ֻʱδ˵Լֻ׺˹ȥ
ЩҪ㲻ˡ
òװʵһϯĪֱѸ˳˴ȥѰ˵ĹүԶԶ˦
Щ£رǻʵĵ£㣬ҲǶĹһ㲻ʮ塣
Ԫ죬ĪֻǱٽ˹ȷ֪Ȣܰ¡
Ī˵ͻ죬һּͬͳܰΪԪȻǿ⣬ǹүŮպڳеĵλвͬ
Щ˿µĺ£Īֿȴͬ
䲻Īָе⣬ͶԴµĿغͼлĪЩʼδ
£֮ǰļƻ¾˳Żʵ۵ʥ⣬ֱӿڸܾˡ
˵ԴתУնͻ൱ŭ⡣
ͿĪնĲ͹˽ףʵ˵׻ǶԼġ
˵ĵԼīľ
һûиĳʥ⣬ԺԥĴѹ⣬Ƿ𡣿Ƕֱ뺷佫ͳͲ֪Ǻˡ
Ǵĵ᲻÷͢ڣȱľĪս佫
뵽б޽ͺǡϴïʱҲԼɳϡ
ڳЩбȨˣ⣬ҵԼǵˡ
ʵҲڲϵ׳б֮˵ǹ߸ĴɵȫպսҲȫ
ЩȨȻԼѹƵģ²˳֮ΪȨ
ڣòĪڳаԼ򲻵ѣ治
ڵŭֱĪֵϣǿȢܰúòײű£佫ٴ£ȥ

Īȥһ޴й뵽ĪֵɡĪ˵ãȴһˣԼ󹬵ӻԼ
գ˱㿪ʼˣµóɲ֪ô˻ϣһնδȥﲻ˵רȥжԵЪϢⲻǹѿ
Ī˹Щԣٿ϶Լ⼸յ쳣䵭ʱЩΨ־ʹʧȥ˻ϵĳ谮ؽʵߵ̫ǣû֪ε
ܼ˼κͲԪؽ˽
ͿĪ棬ʵ㲻ں󹬺úôţν£
Ī޵滨꣬͵Ľ£ʣ檿˺£¿ѵ⣬ιʽˣ
Ͷһۣ޹أ⼸̫æϾȥ󹬡
ĪȻǲţ֪⼸ȥЪڸǣǹƿ޹
ʹֶκò絽ʥģľƽ׵ʧȥ
ǹ͵ĽŲϵԿʡ
ͿҲˣԳ谮ΪɽĪ־ܻ˵ˡ
ȻָĪ£Ϊͳ͢
ⶥñӿĪܵס˵󹬵ĵλˣ֪ܱܲס
Īڵһͱ֤޴£˵粻ʥ⣬Ϊ֮ǰǵŮӣ޹ء
ʵûŮĪҲ֪ʲôҪģֻҪʵоˡ
Īа취ĪȢܰ
ǰһӦ˴£Ϊֲ˵
Īлþϵˮ͵֮ǰСסʱ֪ĪֺүϲͬһŮӣ
֣оЩϤһʱЩ벻
Ƭ̣ͻȻиŮݳʱٽŴŽʿڳǽе£֮ǰܱŮӾͽ
˵˵ӦġŮӦϲˣȻĵҲðġ֮ǰδἰ£װ֪ˡ
͵˵ͷʾĪ˵
ĪŵֻҪϸȢ̹ּȢ

 106 


Ī濴ɵɫϽ͵粻Ȣ̹ΪޣΪ˼ĽˡȢ˼Ľˣ͵ͬںүŮˣү¶꣬ǲҺүġԳƶĿڣ
Ȼ˵ԼĪĸҵݣ֮껹һֵ꣬Ÿôƶ
뵽֮ǰܵǣ˵İۺͳЦȻСһӶǡ
ƶ˵Ţĳʹ࣬ⱲӶپһء
ʵĪ沢֪ĪǷϲ֪ϲġҪȻ֮ǰҲǰԴԼ
£Īֿ϶Ҳ֪Ϊ˺ֵ꣬Īֶ
ôֻҪϰ˵İ취ĪֶĿȢܰȻĿҲܴˡ
ʵĪԼ⣬ȢҲĪȢ޲޸ĸͺͷֻΣòóƣڱǰ¶Ҳˡ
뵽ԼλĪԸоƽЩ
Ī飬ȷʵǸð취
ĪִӦȢȢܰ͵Ůˣô˶϶
ʱĪʧȥɽתͶԼʹͬȢܰҲ޹ؽҪĿҲɡ
ΪȢתȢ˳ܰһʱסıϵϾĪ֮͹ߵˣҲ֮ǰôˡǻͶԼ
ֻҪȢ˳ܰô룬ҹļӺ߷磬϶κ˶á
ҵһ˫ĺð취͵ʱá룬һҪδؾǰײС

ĪܻǲΪˣŮӽʱ˶Щˡ
Լĵضܣʵô֪ģұ֤ŰĽĲصãδֺ
һΪⱲӶᱻ֪˽Ʊ˿͸һ㣬ֱӸ˵˳Ī˲ͱһ͵Ľֵ֮޵иסˡ
Ȼƶͻκ˶֪࣬ǿŸе߳ܵͣҪأӴܳȥһ
ȻЩ񣬵صĪȴֺԡ
˶¶ʱʱľ֮ɫʸڷϣ˵ЦˣϲŮӣȢ̹ҲΪһϵڱ߾սϣûгɼҵ׼пϾ¿˹ഺѡ
üŶȴ˵ΪһĹžܵĻ顣޲ظ֮ˣȻޱּΪǴͻ飬ҲȫһԼˡ
ĪһĪô֪ϲֻ֪֪ϲѵ⡪
Īҧҧֵл£ĽﵱʱʲôᣬԲŻһ˵ԳҪµĺˡ
᣿ҡҡͷЩ᣿˵ǰƶȰ޳ȫ޶ϧԴӦĿֻܲ뷨ޣδ̫ḡſڿӣͬ۾ݲκ۾ϣ
Īͷһݣû뵽Լþϳ
ȢܵģʹûԼҲްְĽ֮ģܻһҸ
Ȣͱ˵ƣѵҪԼΨһƵ۾ϵ£Ī˾ٸеʧϾԼΨһıˡ
ĪֵһƬ䣬֪ݲԼ
վ鰸һɫͣϥڵϣ˸֮񣬵ϢŭǼùңˣǹ۾ȷʵ⣬Ƕһ֮Եĳ̹кøС
֮ǰƾܱµĴͻ鵹̫ˣ˱ºԳһƬģʵ̹ףϳȫ
ʶ˿ĵ˽Ī֡
תŻЩ޿Ҳοʵ޺һ㳤걼ڱ߾ս࣬ؼҺ֪֪ȵ˶ޣδ
ȻĪܰϼףȻˡ֮ǰҲһⲻܰ޲㡣
Īٴߵͷл¡
ĵ˵ͷĪƽܰͻگպ´ĪظȺϢȥɡ
Īֳ˳ǣֵл¡ˡ˵ת鷿
ͿĪȥıӰҲƲסϵЦݡԪص˵˼仰Ԫص˵ͷ˳鷿
գȫǱ㶼֪Īǹ֮ŮʵȢɹ£һʱС෹ϲ·Ϊ̸
Ԫϱ̵ȥ͸ĵ˵ͷ룺ΪĪȢŮ϶ΪĪֱͻ飬ЧҪðɣ

ѩҫ£ʼڻϵıҲʼεδ
ȥһαˮ˵ȥʰ͵ˣιʻҪվ濴š
££ͷ磬Щ̹ǵĺ絲棬»ؾʱ䳤ĲЩ࣬ǲ֪ӦδŻˣҪԽ¡
ֱ£ӲҪָӣۡ
뽫屧ůһů԰ʱĶ˶װǱֵܵĹϵֻôͷĬĬվһš
ϵ£ֽƹ񽻴һ㶼ķģŻ˸
պ㽫񽻸ƿ£񽻸ɣһױ˾
˼һ·װУֱӱˡ
Դϴ˺ԽԽˣһ죬ůֽͣǱġҽʿ˵Ǻ֢ûƺЩ
һ飬ԭ꣬СﾹͣҩţһαȽصķ纮ʹû÷Щ
һ֮£ĳӣֽϲѵһ
ΪԼܹǱࡣԵʱû˵Ծů¯ȥˡ
оƣҲ˳һϲݺֻȥˡ
үڳϲǱֻȥСˡ
Źܽ棬ĵĽһ§㲻ңЩѾͷˣҲġ
ЦүߣȵĺС¯һŲ䡣
һ׽Сһţʣˣ
֪ʹŲȥƴЦ;ɢ˲١
ݺ˳ﴫĻЦֹסۣϲ˵үԹãܼôи
ϲһЦпĴȤôĽҲүķɣ϶ûлŷһһ޵ˣ˹үⱲӶձˡ
ݺߵĽϲһƣϲֻȡЦ˵ģĸĽˡҾˣпһ¶ѡ
ϲһƵڳϣײ۵ĸ첲ݺ߾ӱĿֱЦ
ݺڨЦһŵʣϲ˵ģﲻ˹ôܣǿүССеǮ˻Ȣͨأοү
ϲҲЦʵ棬ͻԼֻ˴ȤʧԣЩڨڨĵӵǾͲҪˡ
ϲԸ˵ݺҲϸˣ˵ͷ˻⡣
˻죬ϲȻÿ⿴˿
öߣĿƵĿЦˡ
ϲͻȻֳҹԼֶǽǵһĻǵȲ࣬ӶеϢ
ԼһصǱĸȥףȢҹ˵ЩҲЦԼġ
ϲʱЩƤҲһȣæջԵĿ³
ݺЦʣϲôˣôͻȻˣ
ϲЩڨڨĵЩȣ¯̼ٷЩɡ
ݺŶһȴ
Ҳÿ⿴˿ÿճյǵȻ뵽ʲôתͷϲ͸ʮֱ߰˷֡
ĵԭչ˵ϲˣΪ
תͷϸһۣ֮ǰүĸ˵үĸĶӡӢͦΣҲ㿡ʡ
ݺ֪Ϊͷһǳ˳飬תͷϲһۡ
룬ʵԼһĳݣҲûԼƯȴܼ޸оĽ
ԼʮˣõҲһ꣬»ȫû䡣
컹ǲƽ
ݺͻȻЩãȻЩѹͲʣûȤϲ˵֣һװС
ϲأһᣬŻ񣬿ݺų˯ˣ͵͵ƿ˳
ݺۣ߳뿴ȴֱֲӵӣһЦֱӱۡ

үյһԾšŽ
СۣҲ޺
ƿӣŽݽ
ӹţ𿪿˿
ʣǳʲô˵ʲô
Ī˻ĪҪȢ˵Ůˡ
ȣһôͻȻ˭ţ

 107 


ŵݸ񣬡Īġ˵ĪǰĹĪȢ˵Ůܰ޷ܾˡ
ȭһЦҲƲ߾Ī⡣ڹ벩ø谮ضþֶΡؾҪ
ͷһЦүҲŲأ
һƤģĵ緺,͸˿˿ۡ
ȥûʵ۴ͻ飬ҪȢţȵʱ̫ˣ
үȣһֱ˺òã
ҡҡͷûһԲ˳ﲻ̤ʵ
һˣס쿪ʼ͵Ц룺ǸһžԵǧٷүԼ̫ղܣԼƤ̫˽⣬ָܷп
Ǹүϣ
񿩿Цţգ˫СȰֳĽ𣬴Ȥʣʵ۲أٱȢĸĹСأ
ǽһ§֮ǰܻЩ£ͲأҺĸسףٴʵͳÿƵӰ
̾һҡͷû뵽ȥΪһôصˡŲһͿʼɵˣ뿳ұۣ
ôƵ£˵һֱߵĿɰ̲סЦˡ
ڻǺַںĵʱʧȥĹδոҲδͳһɵҲûʲôֻҪ̫ʱһΪС
ʧȥĹδոĵ׾׽仰˵Ӧݰɡ븸սǴδսԽԽˡ
˵꣬Ҳ뵽ʱֽսľ棬񣬿ƺ񣬲֪ΪͷȻһ
ĪЩæģκʱҶĻܵ˺ġ
ЦЦȻȻүģ
ͷģͷһķԳŽ˿ɻڣ
үδ뿪
óֽʣһżд¼֣װŷ˳ȥ˽Ŵȥ
ǡ
Ž뿪ʣصʲô
ˣƾͼƣ
ŶһȻ״δٶʡ
ͨ͸СӣЦˡ
үʲôأǲǸомˣ
ǡҡҡͷǾҵСܴϻۣͨ
գգ۾ܿ׹ָΪΣ̵βͣǣ֪
Цأ۽ͷ૳֪ˡ
ǴΪһסȫǰյʱҾ֪ǵͽܵһ𡭡

ºİʱ֣һ˱ִ˾ͨٳһϢĽ˳ǡֻǰõǹϢȫӭ
ǰ˵ƣĵڸŵϷһţٺӳÿ˵ϣϲӯӯ
ܼŽվǰͷȴĹ
Ƭ̺󣬴ֵ·ڴչԵϹյεơ
ųǰжԽԽ֮ʤæǰӭ
һͣȣ㼱ȵĴ˳ˤˣһ˳ְ뱧Ľ
ʱϲҲӺﻶ£ֱ
ݺЩ޴룬Ҳæϲ˳
վڳ̧ͷһۣǰյ磬˶Χү밲
忪ţǰ׳ʯʨӣԵúεȵׯɡ
뵽ԼΪ⸻ΡδĴѾߣһĪͽ˲ݺͷ
æҲ󣬺ϲһվԡ
ֲĵ塣˵ĵͷһжá
ʱͬصҲ˹й񣬡ˡ
þδĶͻȻͦɰذֱǰЩϲֽӯᣬЦͺãͺá
Ҳϲǰϥг˾ñطļϲ֣һˡ
ԼͻȻЩ٣֪ԼݻܲܵǸתŶԡ
ɵĽĵĿ֮ǰûʲôδٶԣοĽˡ
ﰮḧǶ˵֣к᲻ϵЦŵͷǶδˣˮÿˡϲ˲أƤҲǰ˲١
˶ǶδȻһͼաſһֵļʺ˽˸
ʱݺ㶵ĸһֱţЩһүͷĸ͸λٸߣΪŮ˵ĹΪλ
ֱֱ߱תӵĿϣųĵͷ
񿴵ĿݺϣЦȥĩƽյѾͷݺ
ݺĸæŮ˶ֵ񣬡ݺ֡
תͷϸһۣ˵ͷãһƯѾͷ
ݺ̵̧ͷ¶һЦлֿ䡣
һֽ˸˱Զɢȥֻ˵˼仰Ҳһ˶Ժ
ҪֱȻԺ·ϴ£š
˿Щװ뻹ǰԭסıԺȽϺãϲݺȥʰ
ݺһ·ĵ˶еɵġ
ȥʱһֱסǼⶼ͸ȥĵͰ͸ĸΪʮӾܽĻȥ
ʱȴסɵĸŹһ㡣
Ȼ͸оԼǴԣ϶ˮײʲôˣŻˣ
ˮˮǿų룬ǻȥֵˡ
ϲһֱݺݺʲôأһ·ͷԵģ˵ҲӦһЦ
ݺһʱϲ˵!
ϲ˳ĻȤǣأƽʱ˵
ݺ֪ϷԼ̧־봷ϲۼתһ㣬̧ȾܡЦһ·е˱ԺķԸĶһúá
ϲ㣬ΪʲôأŮѽ
ϲһ㶣û뵽
֮ǰݣȻҲ֪ŮΪǶܺԵҲãֵүǰ谮˵Ȼڣû£ݺȻ֪
֪ݵ˸࣬ҲΪܱȥҹҲӲܻԼĹȥݺȻˣҪҪ
ϲ֮ʣݺɾһΡ
ˣүĸүСүֵģﵱȻҲˡ
һ䲻һ䣬¶ҪݵĸŹֺαض˵ȥأϲһͻȻ͸⡣
ݺȻ֪ҪֵģǱϾҲˣû˵ӻĵȻϲĻŰɣô˵ݺҲûϸʡ
ôʱ˽ŵĽŲתͷſȥ˲ԼͬĽ
ЦЦʣǿɽúˣ
ϲһᣬˣϾʰá
˵ͷת˸ﻷһȦиɨһȾг軹֮ǰסŵʱһ縸ĸΪŮĳǰĹ뷿ͷȻһů
֪Щ¶ڴ뵽ԼĲ𲻵֣Լôĵ׷м
ʱϲݺҲʰ׵ϲ·壬ʣҹԺЪ˻ǻԺ
룬˵ǰԼүװ׸סģ֮һֱסһҲ˽֪ˡ
ٱӺеˣ˵ү˺Ƥж֪ģôϷԼ˯
ȻҲûıҪˣԼƤҲ񣬲˵
ȥԺɣݺסԺ᷿ԺĺźܽҲ㣬סＴɾְ
һʱ˻ˣĺ£úЩµǼһԺﲻ˵ֱرԴ١
ЦŴ˶˵Ļˣһµ·ַҪԺݸ裬ӱԡɡ
ϲӦһȣȥ
ԡʱʱ̣Ƴɳ©֪϶ڹˣݺ˷ԼЩҲȥЪϢԼˡ
ǽʱвŻģ֮ǰСԼȥԺЪﻹڳǰδһţʱһеƣŷġ󲽳ȥƿš
ֻȼһյ谵ĵƣҿһۣС˯㡣
ůʣ˲Դ
˾һ빬Ҫʥּжʱĸп
ȥԡٳϴһ˴˯ĺ§
ϤϢ֪ˣʵ㲻۾Լǡ
ȥ£ѹ£ӣϵպҪĿڽҷˡ
ʱԺҲѣߺӦһ
Ȼһ˲ۣҲָЩЩô죬ʣΪΣ

 108 


ı˲˵һУҲ֤ʵԼĲ²⡣
۾ЩʲôȻͱסǲϸ΢ȥֻܹˡ
һЪɢ㱧ʼҧ䣬ʱҲû⣬Ͼ£ȷеϢʸײŰġ
ּˣô죿Ÿջ
ţͬˣӦҲˬ죬û֮ǰɲ
ָǰһƷ˿ȻһЦҿԤ֮СĪ֮ǰΪĪȢܰʱ϶а˵æ
֮ǰݴֿ£ʵ֮ǰ϶Ҳ֪ģֹᣬ˵ǽüһǰգҪΪӢʹͻʥּһ¡
ΪҪˣûдͷأһۡ㣬Ϊӭ׵ء
һô׾͵˸׹ݵĳƺţʵεĻ֮õĻֺزصνôͷΣպͷȥμӸֹŮˡʡҲ¡
ü㻹ϲμЩֻӭ߲ȵͣŪļƵ᣿
һõĿʣүôûƷζȥΪӭαĵȤζȻǣȥҶҴⲻܿܳʱӺЩϡ֬ҩ֬ϵȹŮϲĶⲻȥһ
ҪЦˣ˵Ƥ˷Ųôúü޸ֻЩȥˡֲȱĳԴöȣҲ֧䣬ôǮϵģ
һֱԼͷָܹͬĵѵһļֵɢĸҲԼһƬ죬Щмֵ¡֪үƲ̼֣ϧֻᾭ̲ģүǺˣڿɻļ
Ц£ЩŪӻŹֵСôЩа˵ġ
ʲôԼһƬ죬Ůӵ첻Ӧķ
̹鸹̣ȴûҪòײŵȵɿԸ޸ԼûҪΪ½֦
ɤĪҪⰲ˵Ʋ̼ˣϲȥˣʱ˵֣һֱ㣿
֪ĴŴү׺һִŮԵꡣ
֪谮ԼԼϲ¾Ϳˣֺαغôء
ٺЦסĸ첲֪꣬үҡ
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Ͻ﷭˸˵ˣҪ˯үҲ˯ɡ
̾һεЦЦʲôܳ㲻ɣűǷ˵ҪĿˣػүպٽдϱҪԷ㡣
͵ЦƤ̫Ҹھʲô
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Ľĺ˲һ飬ֱӵ֤˷Ӧ
оЦĿģֱеͣԼ֪ôˣһֱЦ±ֱñסͷ
õԽܣ±ͷЦĻ֦ҲͿʼҧ
ڴϱһӣۣջǷŹֱӱ˯ˡ

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Ͼǻϴ͵¸ۡʹȥסͺҲȥһʾһ¸м̬Ⱥϲ鲻ǡ
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ҪۻܺȣҪ۶ԼҵиֲܺԼ԰ȡ
ԳԽƵĸۡԼͻȻθߵݣʵǻʵͱʹͶѡ
սйĸǳأ׽ʣīء
˴δͻܽеô׺˳볯س⣬Ҳǻʵ۶й֮ҪĽֲ˺һ˫Դϲĳȫ
ܱȶʵǿٽЩǳصĽȨǱȨûʵ۱·Ĳǡ
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ЦЦ⿴ôʱ㹻ˣذɣȻԷɣ
ϲٺһЦ㻹˵⸮˶䱸õģҪԷ治ǲԡ
ָ̧ϲԹ˸СӸ˾ʹȱˣԡ
ϲԴٺһЦӾ˵˵ķĺóԡ
˵Цžʹ԰ſȥڡԺܼҿ񣬸æӭ͡
˿˵ͷλúôţ˾Ͳȥ͸š
λܼҸæӦǣĿԶתȥ
£ݳݺɣĺˣÿһԺҲ¶ѿ
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Ҳܶ˵ĵ˵ͷӵɫͻɫҲҪͼϵ𣿡
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ЦЦĵĵż⼸Ҳȥ˱ĳӹ˹䣬Ҫֻ˵ӣʵв٣Ҽ۸񻹱۱˺ܶࡣǵĻȴû۵ôһ޶Ļɫ
ʲôֻҪÿӱռ˶һ޶Ͳȥ¶ϡΪ
¾˵Ĵ˴֣ôһ˵Ҿͷˣ֮ǰǵ겻ɲƹõء
ЦƹһϿĺܣԸҵҪҲܸߡҲ̫ѹºϲȡǼɫȹͻҴȥһ䣬ڹȦһ⡣
¾ϵʱЦ˻ͷһáҪ˵ĹŮʲôǿ϶ǰԺʱȡ
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ǵǵӻɫȹʽ£ɹɰ˶һȥҿض𡣡
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Цˣ⻹ûʼ϶һ˵һĻҲпܡ
⣬һ׷ȺϲäĿǰ˰֣ˣ˹ھڶࡣе˲֪֪׵ģҲģ˵ҲûǸҪ
æ͸ǶϺţԤԼڣܽӼǼҪΪ
˵ЩǵȵʱԽǾͻԽöãԽԽֵ
¾ƵƵͷЦǹ˽ǣȷʵˡ
˵Цڻյ裬ۿɫԽԽ񻹼ǹţ㽫´½һ£ϲ˸

 109 


ǰԼĶѬƵ˵⳴⣬Ƶ˵㣬Ľ˰
ȥӭүôôһиû
ķһ߾һߵˣЩ͹ˡ⼸սݺƺ´Ҳˣ㡣ɳˣ
˵ͷţȥ¿ĳеꡣ
ֵĶһ٣תͷһĴ㵣Żգֿ˸еꣿ
Ŷˣû˵ءͷЦŶ֮ǰ˸ү˵ˣȥòƹǿġ
Щʹˣ֮ǰ͹æˣֿ˸꣬պǸûʱ㱾ˣ
ϣ߲˵ȥȥ̵ʱеģʱ⿪ġүģҽϵȫ˲ƹͽֹˣÿֱַ˶ƹšպϵ£ҲİˣԲռ̫ʱ䡣
һĻɫǿ˾䣺үģպһճЩʱúġ
Щˣ˻棿ǰղ˵ҪʲôԼһƬ죬ô͸ˣ
ٺ٣ûиģϵ¶Ѳ죬ұ˾ӶߣΪϵ¶ߣòƹȥٳ֡
ȻҾרһúõźүүү˵ҹԲԣ
̲סǣǰⶼ̳ȥֻ͸ˡ
֪ô̰ģѾܲˡ
ţԡ
ȣôүģһ㶼ûôأǲұϻͣ
̧ۿЦʣʲôϲһ˵
ɤЦ˵ϴݴսʱΪҪˣͻȻ˺ܶ¡֮ǰүҪʱһֱԥţºҾͨˣϣЩܵȣ׼׺͸ү
˵Щˣ˲Ƭֿ̾ʼȤٺ٣ϴ󲻴үϲ
Ļһ£в˵Ҳ˰С֮ʹУ˲䴫֫ٺ
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ۡЦﶼ⣬үӲԣҪԼͷȥҩ
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Ȼ͸оЩ䣬ȻЩĪɻ󣬵ûж룬Ͼͷģҧȷʵۡ
ʹţһ룺ȳ׺һֱã˵ԼҪʱȥһ
ӵҩһֱŰɣ
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ЦЦţǣǾͺá
оԻ·Щ֣ôӳӱĵҩˣûĪԼһֱ˷ŵ˼·
ҧͷú棬ŵ˵ףү˵ЩʲôֱȽϺأ
䱦ǰһϺõĺɺǴӺġһԺƿҺûˣЩټϳеߵļƥУ
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ǰȷʵûرĹЩеЬרȥ˵Щȷʵûϸ
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˻һ񿪻ЦӿҸһֱȥͺˡ˵ʳ޲үǲǱԼˣŷҲѧᶺˡ

Īǻеĺˣǵ¹ȢĻǻʵ׾˼ҵŮ·Ŀգǵࡢٹ޲ǰϲ
ǰһͱסԱܳ衣
һ󣬸ıԶԶȥβǰһֶռš
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ٽʱͷսһÿճһ
Ϊûн֧æӭͣ㰲һЩŮٽӴͣʱվڸſڵٿĳæǰӭ
׼ģԺͬһ˳ַֽ
뾩ͷһڹȦ¶档ֳϣȻװ磬ҲֻܵױƽʱׯصȹʩۣɨüͿ촽ٶʱ¹õġ
̫׿ʹؾ˿˻һȫһʱ
ֱٸ˵˾䣺ү롣˲ŷ׷¹
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˵ͷ˵£Ī֣ĪºҲ֮С
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ָæʰ̬Ůٵ£׷ſȥԶԶ㿴һȫ̵ĴӵһĹλ
λЩĸæ񣬵λЩı㺬ЦϥһԣӭλʥĻ
ĵλߣȻҲ¹վȺǰ½εĪ˸ϥ
Ī洩һ仪Ĺװķ٣ҡͷϦӳԵԡ
Ц̫ţŮһҡһڣ̬ǧĿ
Ī̧߰ͷȺǰŻл󣬱㹧վһԵС
˴ӵĿбӵǰȥ·ʱŲһ٣зƵãͷ΢΢һЦȵӴⲻδû뵽Ҷڴٴμ档֮ǰҲ˵Ҫү׵ϢڲŵϲǲЩ
û𻰣һֱӵĪİЦʶЩ׾֮˽ͷؼء
ĪЦҺǾʶ뵱СסʱﻹǸŮһֵĺòˣζӴҲûܳԵôζĶء
˵Ȼ˵üֹĴݳǵ£ԲűΪӢһ˻顣֮ǰ֪ʱһŮȫеŵĳԾ
ʱԵѾʼ⣬׷׽ĿͶһγΪ˾ۼĽ㡣

 110 


ֲƸ֮һЦ˴ӾﵽЩѰζĿ⣬ĻҲֵĲÿɷ񣬵ܸٴμ
Īɨһͬ𾪵˼ݺжʱһ֡ס죬װһǸεı飬ϣǲ˵˲˵Ļ
΢Ц££ޱ߷ĵĵ޷ûʲôģ˵㲻ǣһѷһһ߳˹׵ĹһԾΪٳһŸΪ㡣
˵۾ʱֵɴһ֣йٴתͷĪ棬н¾ۼϡ
˦ЦЦ
ǺЦ԰Ŀ¶׹Īϯɣλ򸮵ķǾ͵ˡ
Īû뵽񾹸ҷԼһʱЩڷŶƣֻϣ²Ҫ϶źá
µ˫֣ɱŴ΢Ц۵һۣתǰȥ
˹ǣֵű˿ûʲô̵ġʲôʲӻԼûб˴СЬ°ϰߡ
һСɰȥ˱㶼ϯǰţӦڰأĳһ˶࣬Ůͺȥ
һȻҲûȥģȫλ̸˵أ̸֬Ǣ񷽲ʲôûƵá
ܿ㵽˿ϯʱ䣬ǴУĶϸּ͡ɽ亣
ķȻ֮İԣ֮ǰʲôݣڿɶǲܵĹˡ
һλǸ߸ϵһλݵλ߹˸ӵ׷׳˾ٱơ
Ŵľƾ͵֮ͣľҲ˸ľƣ⣬Ϊ˱гҲһһˡ
ǶĪʹɫڷ˶ԼΪʵΪƶԵΪӦЩᷳˡ
ֲĪһ޷ԼݣԸʩѹԼĵȤζֻװͷΣ˭ľҲȣ˭Ҳ
ֻ뿪Ī棬۲ĲⱲӶҲ
װʱݺߵ˵үӴ˵ҪЩϯһء
ĵϬǴĵ˵ͷڷǿ˼仰󣬱ȥ
Ī޺޵ƮȻȥıӰͬүСǶ޷򳪸棬ζƿֲζ
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ע⵽ʶӰĿֱԼһޣͻȻ뵽˵ʲôѸٳĸŮ˸ɫŮ˳ȥ
˺һŮŻԵ˼䣬Ī湴˹ǣһЦ

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תͷһۣȰü£תȥ
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Щ۲ԼһֱЩʲôζӳ˵ζƿ̿ŨŨһ
ճյĿţȻ͸оԼҲԼ޸һԺԼҲܰŮݡ
ʶ˵˵Ǹо˶ߣͻȻͳݺһۣһ١
ݺĿԣ˲Ǳ˿еܣĪЩң
æƿ߿һԣԳڵҴСѾͷȥĳˡ
ᡰšһݺߺָ죬˳ȥ
ÿתأæջַӣһ˫Ŀ
˳óظתͷ񣺡ǺˣĪûΪɣ
񲻴ʣ;ʶ̸ˣ
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ȻҲףԷ䵭ˡСı飬ͻȻЩģһЦʣôˣôҺͱ˵仰
һƿֱӣү飬ҲûдסǵȵЩˡ
һųڣ͵͵Цˡ
Щڵת˻⣺үΪϯ
ĪΪ㣬ðȥԺǴ˴˵ݣ
ᡰߡһ˵ˣұҲûҴŵģүʲôýġǲ֪ϻ᲻˹ˡ
ЦţҶҵǺεˣԿǱˡ
үǰߵ⣬Ӧȷʵᷳ
Цŵ˵Ҫαأ硪
Լϵ˼䣬ʱЦŴ֪ߣŻ˸ѷŵĲԺ

Ժеƻͨ磬궴ϯֵʱ
Īӻر󣬱ƹЩͷ˼䰲᷿ȥЪϢһߣĸŮȥϯʶ
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ŮΣͷߵ䣬Ųͷ᷿
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ʶǻʺİãȨ˾ͽ飬ǰƷԱϸӶ˻飬Ϊ˼ȥ˸ӰòƲ˼ңִȥ˼ס
Ӱ轿ݻ˵ӣԼĪȻе⣬ϡ
ĪЦĪ˵
ʶͷһۣ˸λȥл˵ĪҪƣûй㲻ɵ˺ġ
Ī򴽣Ů˸ɫŮ˳ţվѷ硣
Ī濪żɽĵȻ˵ұлֱ˵ˡ
ʺĸ£̷ң˱׾δźֲᷳȴûѰҵʵĻᣬҺ뿤ڸĻϵ棬뿤ǰΪԼ䡣
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ҽΪͳ̹Ҫãɱˡ˵һƾרˣΪҪ㣿
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ǰʱе֪һɿϢǺͷʢŮйأ֪ǷȤ
УȻãҸ顣ޣҲ뿤ˡðҹȨδ档
ʶһ֣ͷһȴֺԣʣͷʢŮˣ˵Ǹӣ
Ī΢΢ЦЦ˵ͷ
ʶ˹ǣʲôܣһŮʹҲı䲻˵ͼıʡ˵ЦĪһۣԼɳӰĻֱ飬žġ
ǿɹ෹ǲ£Ҳ˵ͼֺǣҽȻڹҲĸġ
ĪЦ޺޵룺֪ʶϲǰߵŮ˼мĽģ
ϧǸˡʲôʺνֻҪлϵĶ裬ʹǻʺҲ
Խݿָģ⿴ɫôࣿ
һ񱣬ǲ˹һֻһءĪ΢Ц˵
ʶ⻰һӦǹЦĵ⻰ǹֵġ
һתͷĪ˵һɺʣĪе£Ѱҿˣ
˹˵ҪүⱲֻȢһŮˣЦеСǮƽͷնȡ檵ģοү˵ĸŹֻȢһ˴Ӳ檵ģЦ
Ī治죬ˣҲ˵Ĺ񱣬ҵõϢҳϢʱҲǲŵģҹ۲죬ƺġ
˵үʶǲϸһ£үӺǷӲ࿴һۣ
Ī˶٣ЦȻţȨҴδ˵ˡڿҲδʲôʧܶһ֡
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ҡĪʵ֪񣬴ϻ۹ˣЩֶΣ治ŵĻβִһ£

 111 


ʶڻظԽԽЦĻʵǶ˵һĺϢ
ǵôӻжٴﰵȥ͵͵˵ʱĻ䣬Ȼ˵ǽͯŮĻǰԵ
뵽Լôһˣ˭ȴǰУ΢
ΪģԼԼ䣬ߵﶼͽˣϧȴһһε䵭ͱܶ
Щÿÿʶܸоʹõ޿κΣҪĶûеò˶ôΪ
㱻ͷѵ⣬źŶףɲԼⱲӴСĽĽ޵ˡ
ΪһδηϣͻƵߣʾʾĶס
ڽҹԼ֪ͻ鲻Խ׷˳ȥΪܽĿ
ʶй½ϸСĴ㣬ֻҪԸ⡣
أʼվûƹԼԼֳĻӣܲԼ˵
һжΪʲôԼīƯŮˡǸԼ׺˼ӣ˵ʳҪˣԼΪεǾвͨ
Щһ뵽ԽҪըѵ⣬ǸŮõ˴𰸣ԭһΪǸ澡
ĸӲʣ֮ǰͨˣ֪ϲһŮʲô£ĸȢǰûмͨСůĿǧ룬δ뵽ΪһƲԼ
ʶЦˣĵһӺ⣬ڵСȵ
뵽ҹǶʱʹʲôû˵Ҳһ˭޷ܸʱǻм޵ľͿʼ尾ʶÿһ񾭡
ֻһ֮ˣֵԼʣЩĸеߺޡ
Ȼ湥ȥǾ·ˡȻ֪ܹ񱣬ȻҪץסᣬԼܸǸӡ

ϲ⺰ˣҽȥȡɫȹȡ𣿡
ݺһȹ˽Ѱϲ㣬ȥˣҽȹ
˵ͷݻͰϲ͸¶뿴Զµ̬ȡҲϲϲɰӣӦ˻£͵Ļһæ꣬Ƕ˳ס
ϲܵıȽڣδϱ˴ô׽Ҳϲеˡ
ţáҴһԣȥ˰ͻǼҴСǰӡ
ȡݺһ߰һ̽ʣ˭ȥۣϲȥǱȽڣߵºٹ˵ٽҪҪǰ֨һ
һۣΪϱ߶ĽЩǺ£½ȥٴСѾͷȥǡ
ݺĶʱӦһ
ﴩȹÿǴδʽȹϵĻɫһʻһ
ȥμͻĿľΪչʾȹøԼĳеȻԼĹӻ᲻ÿһݺ⾪̾ķӦӦò
ĵ˵ͷ޵ϲ÷վǾտ
ôѣݺ۵УԼôƯµȹ˵Ҳһ
үԹãӲϧҪʲôʲôи
˵䣬ŽˣݺͻȻ£һʱҸæͷתȥһ辻ֵˮ
ǶһʱǲźģݺҲڴ˶ת˳ȥ
ү㿴ȹÿ𣿡񿴵˷ܵ뽫ԼĶչʾ
ԭתȦȹתɰڿɫĴӳ͸Ϧɢʻһ⡣
ǰõĲ÷ѣȹеĻɫԼӴѵʽҲֻƵģү
һŽһ˫۾ҹ貵ǿǡ
նܼʱ鶯дżĵǰ޵ˣľƲۡ
ЦүֱĶĿأôҲ
˹ᣬֻɤĪɺԣͻȻͺɵʲô뷨ŹеĶӶоˡ
ҵޣôôʲôģ
˲͸оѵְõˣҪ꣬תߣү˰ɣȥСŵķ
ιүͻȻ˴ᱧȽе
ÿ˱ܣڲȳС˾
үϲҵѣҲһ׾ˣιү衣
ŴЦ裿ԽԽûûСˡ
ʵ֤͵/̫֪ľ仰ĸͻᱻǣһҪС
ɢ§ŻС˵±ˣȥ෹ɡ
ͷһۣûӦŷ˫˴˵ƣֱȥԡû
εЦЦԼҲ˴⴩˼ѾȥС
ֻҪһأ˽ˣǲԺźģҲԼȥ˶ˡ
˸հڷźãһˬĳˣҲѸٽԡ˳壬һš
ûشȹÿر㴩ϣбˡ
񷽲űĥʹţôһ˵Цǿסû̵˵ŵжѾ֤
ôɣֲǴ𡣡
Ϊȥһµ⣬ҲŲôʡү޹ʷ衣
֪Լһʱʧ˿ƣЩЦŵ´αЩˣЩ
֪Ƥʲô˼˵ڣҲĻͷ
ֻܵͷԷȥ뵽ԵӣһʱûסۡЦ˳

ӭͻʱ޵ġ
ֻҪ룬ԶԳΪ˵Ľ㣬ֻƽոϲ͵ЩˡȻٿ͵ҪȻôƳеĵأ
Ӵȹģôʽ⻨ɫδ˵Ҳ
û뵽λСôϵԼδȸ￪ˣɤôһУ׷̧ͷѣһʱۣ۾ʮɵĻҪ
ǸмĶ֮һЦĻشйĵ⣬޾ϸĵĿӾºÿͲ÷ľտա
ôƽ׽˵Ĵһº֮ǰЩ˼ݵĹҲ˵ӹϸʣĵһһˡ
ϲֿ󷽣𸮵ĹǹеöҴŲţ±֪õıȥô󷽵壬ݲͬ˵ķɫʸƼͬɫʽ
ҪǰմҶ˵ӳΪǳеΪԼء
˵̸ҲϤ˲ˣоȻպҪסǣϵҲӦ¡
Ϊͻѩ̤÷ʵĿĺΪ߶ϵﲻһ£Լ
Χ̸Цʱ򣬺Ȼע⵽һڲԶζԼۿģ⡣
񿴵ľһĶСѰĿ⿴һۣС˵ǰոճ׵Ŀܰ
֮ǰδܰȥμϲҲδܼ֪ҲĪֵޱһ׽ϤУ֪ΪԼеƵġ
ΪԼˣЦЦ˵ͼһƲȥ
һĪ˶Ҳȥϸʣлȥݷһ£֪Ǻʱᡣ
½ϴСЦȥ԰ͻ԰Ĵ󣬾ɫ԰ɽֲӳ
̵Ĵӳˮα̣Ļߵˮҷ
԰һƬһ֣һƬӣ֮ʣܰ˱ǣڹĹǶ²ĴУ֦Ứ
ҲĶСţ԰䣬Ȼ԰治ԶˬЦһ֪ھۻС
ϴСЦҲˣҶԺЩǳԾƣ԰ӽ֪ŮͣǲģǷĹǡ
ЦŸ޷˵Ц
ʱһ㱻ЩֵСǳۣҸ徲ЩĵطһȻָݺˣ
ŵСѾͷصݺ㱻һѾͷˣ͹˵δţ˵һͻء
̧ͷ۲Զİ˽ͤСѾͷţȵţһȥͤңҹȥһ
СѾͷϥӦǡ
񴩹Ƭһ֣Զͤȥ̧ۿԶһϤӰǲʶ𣿿һǺ׵Ľ̸ʲôת˸˹ȥ

 112 


ͤ˺һᣬſݺ˹ùõˣӵȥѰѰ
ЦһӶҲֵⷬһȺ
ݺǺЦöǵĺ
߰ɣǻذɣڹӦҲĲˣҲûظˡ
ݺ˵ͷҷŹʱЩǶ۹ѺÿҪȥأе˽Ǽҳеӹ󡣡
ЦЦҲȥŮ˶ȥʹʡ֬ǮҲȥġ
ݺЦǿûйʹҲûÿ
ЦЦҲЩĿǴﵽ˾û
˵ŻԶһӰҴƳһۣǷźʶ˵Ǹӣͬѻɫۡ
Ƶ뿪ӿڵǹ˶£ǵˣ
Ųһ٣תͷ˿ӵȷʵûļϾھסʱ䲻Ҳ࣬Ҫ˸ȥǡ
ӿһãȻװģĵЩʧ
ȴһº͵Цǫǫʩһ񣬹ǰҺڵƻйһ֮Ե·񡣡˵ִҴݺӹһۡ
ȻˣⲻǸƤðȻȥ׵𣿵ʱӳ˸һӻյ̸ʡ
֪һòȻαӣ֪;ӵһƭ˺˶С
˵Եĵһͷ˹ȥ
ݣȻҹΣǶǰǣƵˣֵһƺ֮ǰҪƯ֣ĻƵĿֱۣȵӰʧȻȥ
ûа·ϣ߳԰Ӻڹﻰ˸

Ȼգϲ˵еΪԼŬݳɹеˡ³ȥ죬˳ڳеſפ㿴˿
ݺ֪£ͻȻӯţЩĵ㿴Դ㴩ѺһӾͻˡǰճȡ·ҵʱûôˡ϶չǿ㴩ĺÿڿഫҵⶼˡ
һӵĹѾȥ˺üˣһҿŻպһμӻĹءƹҪ֪ˣлУ
ЦЦû˵ת߽һҩ֬ӡ
ǰղƹɸ봫飬֪ݶƵĴѾˮˣ֮ǰһ˴ЩʱվͳȥϹ·ӣٳһ·
ƹ˵űʢ衢Լ֯ĳȥϹʲôر𽻴ġ
ϹҲ˽⣬᲻ʲôĽ飬ֻòƹȥ
ҩ֪֬ģΪĺá˵ܶ඼ƣ壬ּˮ᲻˥ϡ
ֻǺϹ֬һ򲻵֮ǰΪսҽĺ٣ܽҩ̼Ҳϴص֬л
Ȼܶ˵ʶҲûÿĶһˣٵҲˡ
Ը˻ǻϹҩǣԸ⻨ؽ
ҩƹһƿҩţȷʵеǸζ
ǰʹʱùϹҩġҩܰдЩҩζΪֲҩζرֺŹͺζ
֬ȴֻкŨֲҩζȴǳĵһǲ˲ٱص֬
֬ƹֳȥת˺üҩĵ̣ҵơ
Ȼÿҵ궼ٵϹҩץסᣬѳҩ
ֻҪÿǿҩЧôԺЩ˱ʵĹ˿ͣʹҲҩųڵĿҲ뻻ط
οбûеƣһĶļ۸͡ΪĻﶼֱֱûм̵׬ۣ̼кֱĿɲࡣ
˼һ·صƹһ飬ǱȥֻһЩϹڵҩҩĲҩ
дŵ˿ŽŸϰСͲŷŸ롣תݣɳ©ʱҲӦÿ³ظˡ
ȴΪʵڳͻȻһҪɱʥּոռȥݣΪһֱڳ۲ݣʱû³
ϱߵϵݺ󣬼͵šΪλǿռȥһֱĲͳ裬зӯһѩǰܣȥոݡ
ڳ˭ǰȥϵǴ˴кܴĲͬرǼûһԵģܻͬӦ
ˣͬɵĳΪȡĻڳףһʱ۲ݡ
˾ͽ֮ǵһбԴģ伾Ҳʾ
Ψûгսڵʵ˵ͻͽȻðͷ
֮˽ͣʹսˣҲͬ⣬ΪĵӣֻѡĵȥǸʺϵˡ
ȷʵûΪʵڻعھͷչѸͣŸ˴صΣС
бȨлȨʱ˭벻ǿԼʵ
ȻҲϴּ֮Լ
Բڳô磬ѡĿǰʵļȥոʵϴﵽƽ⣬Ҳܸġ
ֹ˳ֹ磬ּü޴һʱЩ˾ͽᡰߡһ
ʵּ󣬳һʱžһδѵһĻһްһμ󹦵մմϲ
ԹһУɫƽǰĺܶı䣬ԤУо˴εսºܻܿǰĹ켣ݡ
ôʱǵ˲ǣϲ˲ϲ

ظʱǸӵģһҲϣոʧȥĹһЩ񣬱ϾʱǺ潻սġ
ֲҲסöãͻȫǡ
³Щ̫ԣƽʱԼһĴ磬ȴƺ£һֹģ
Ӧǳе£Ҳʣүڹ÷ˣȥŵķ
ϣ֣һٳҲ١Һ˵¡
ͷĪһߵԣڡ
סĬһ˲˵ϻּҪɱˡ㸸פڴ٣Ӧûӭսԡ
ĿһŽȥȻ÷ջֻᷢû뵽ǰһꡣ
ǧٱ飬ҪʱŸоһ£ٴһ¡
˲׵ҲѹͬԸԵʱ̡
ɼȥˣģ㸸ײµġ
Ȼ֪޲սʤףĵĲڵļޣºᱻٵ
ǡպһүȥٵĻүܴӦҲҪ£ܷŹǲȥ𣿡ĵ׶ֹĻ
֪Լý˽Ļ˵ΪߵÿһͳһҵĻʯô˱տڲ̸
ֻǵ׶ϢϱӸʵĿ־ٴξסģԾ˳
ʱ㶵룬ҪҪΪ˾Լĸ֣ҲҪȥʲôͼΰҵˣԼĸ˸֡
ÿʱͻͬʱۼģսֿܸѵİգ͸оԼ̫̫˽Ҳ̫Բ
һΪ룬ܽսͳһµˣмҲֻһѡԼǺջˮͳһҵ°պܳðĻ᣿֪ԼҲ
ÿÿ뵽£ľɲͬţקۡƽʱԼȥ룬ôӱһ̻ǵˡ
Ĭһ˲Ķ˵ǷΪһԸȢ㣬쳤ؾðͷϡ
ǳҵԸһкܶκʹиԸȥɡոʧأͳһ£º庣̣ðհҵƽΨһĵ־ԸǸǰΨһ
ҲҲܹ,Ҳ֪ܲ⣬Ҫ֪ôΪԼ
˶٣ָڲĦţĸΪºͣ浽㸸ֽһ죬ҴӦ㣬һ㾡ȫ㸸ƽ£Ҳܷ١
̧
߹޵Цž峺ǰοǳŵ
ǰʲôʱģȫΡΪԼԱֵ֤ݡ
Ǿģһعƽǰ֮ǰҪģôͻȻ
˵ͷҸղֻſں˵ģıףĳŵҲţİɣΪеĺ庣̡
ѽҵȫ㣬汥ҵĺȫΡ

 113 


³ǳõһ죬ˬģݷͳɫ̫֦ҶӲӹڴϡ
ҲǷǳֵһ죬ȫӵڹϣżȥոʧص伾ޡ
ĿͦΣһװף緢ݵĶϡ
һױ¼ɭɭ
ÿ˻Źټ飬һ·ŰǵĻźĴŴȥ
ƺȫǷǻЦڵֲͬȴǳ
ֵƽʱձЩͲס
ｫЩϲֵѾͷǶųȥҲȥո֡
СΣϲݺ㻶ܻ˸ΧȤߴߴ˵ͣ
΢ЦţԼǣƽ⼸»ĵʱҲԺҲ赣ǡ
ѹظһţÿѾͷ˷ܵΧ˵ͣ
Ѿͷ֧˳ȥɳˣ
ҡҡͷûУ̫̫֣ϲ
ҺûȥЩͽȥû˵ȥ
ЦЦүôͻˣʱ
٣ظˡҽʿָôˡ
ÿ񶼻ƲƲ죬ʵͺˣүǶһ١
ЦЦÿ°һٵģͻСҪõġ
Ҳûʲôģ㲻ȥֻôĵ˵ͷ
үԵʲôȥ
뻳УŵȻԼϣ۾峺
صļãպδҪ¡ĳﻹǵģûӲԼ
ԼһʱҲĸɣ˼ƽյƤһжеۡ
֮ǰֵĴ㣬ȥ֣˶Բߡ
ôĶ£Ҳδᣬȫ޹һҲΪȫԼ
֪ʵûΪôƽ
ʲôãԡʲôĵطȥɺóɽôȥģǴĩʱڣɽ϶ɽҰʻȤζ＾Ĳͬ
㲻Ҵȥ
ҡҡͷүҲֺܶæҡ˵ҲвסҪʱҪӺʽƹҲҪˣһߺܶ»Ҫ
Ķ˵ͷã㡣
ЦЦͱסס˴
˱ȻĴ꣬ϣԶ֮£Ϊڷ絲꣬ӻһǳ
˿ĳݣ׽סɪ࣬һףԶ˿һ˴˽һ𣬺빲ķʽ
ˮҲЩᣬ̰ϵİһ˿һںһô޺
òŽǡ
˿ű˴˵۾ֻӳңֻӳ㣬Цˡ
ź󣬳ΪҽʿˣÿϸϸĵϣÿεĽʧ
˿ҽʿɫҲǰβͬĸķ
ǰЩ˵ҪԼҲǳҪںѪĺӣЩżˡ
ԵҩΪҽʿ뵽˶᷿鷿ӣʵȴʾĲǷкת
ҽʿүĺ֢⼸µҩŵȷʵתȴƺƲ󣬱ϾҩֻáĪ绹ҩưɣֲ֢кܶ಻Ԥ֪֪ʱܿԳҩ塣
ȻܾɣĻ㲻У㻹ǶҩϷЩ˼塣
ҽʿӦǡִ¿һµҩŵ
Ȼžડһ˹ش͵æȥ鿴
ϲ˵һĴŷģתݡ˺һᣬݺŸҴԱ߶̽ͷȻ첽ȥС

⼸һζ˼ֵҩžͿʼ̾ݺֲ͵͵ȰһҩСʹӣѵôϧԼ壿Դ˺Բǰˣһ纮üΡүֻҪڸﶨҪۿԵģʱҲôִɣ
һ˵£Сһ߶ûꡣ
һۣԴϴαѵһٺǵѧˣ㵽˭Ѿͷ˭
ϲЦˣΪŹȰҪ
죬ûˡ
ϲĴյ˵Һ˵һ¡㷢ûԴݺϴθȥһͻ󣬻ͱˡ
ôˣ̧ۿ
Īû֣İѽÿնҪܳʱüۣĵͿɫ֬ѴҲˡ
ݺ˵߿Цţ˵ϴȥ԰䣬ǲǿĸˣ
һָ˴ţЦųڻûأʲô˵ˡ
һϲͺ죬УⲻǿŹţ˵㶺ˣһ˵ء
ķͦ࣬û̫ݺЩϲôһ˵žȷʵˡ
˵԰￴еˣԼܳȥѰʱûԣʱҲûʲô쳣ûʲô˰
Ȼͷһ飬ĪǡǷ񣿲ܰɣֻһѡЩô˳ġ
оЩͷ̧ۣ෢ľüġ
ϲɫЩ̫ãʣͷˣ
ҡҡͷ޷ȥ˳е˵һ£һˣ¡
ֵ˼ȶףҺүһ꣬ǰ졣
ϲЦ˵ͷ
ЦŸߵ鷢ˣȥɡ
ϲӦһתҪţͿݺһ̹ӽˡ
ÿˮģһʹ֭ȥԡϲû˵һ
ݺеȣҸձõĹӣﻹûԣ㵹ȳˡ
ϲЦţѸٶϥл
ݺҶģ㵹ǻڣлˣ
ϲݺ죬תˡ
ݺ㿴ϲûûСġ
Цˣӣȥɡ
ݺֻգ̷ǰϸѡһˮģƤСתȦһȥгɺܶС飬һ飬ݵ
ЦŽӹҲһ԰ɡ
ݺһҧ
ֲһ飬ĿѸ䣬źۼĽݺͷŴһۡ
̸㿪˵˵ϲҲͬģϲ˵ףҲ˵ˣŮӵĺ껪꣬赢
˶٣ʵˣУֻ˵ңȥ˵ףȻΪ˷⽫޳ȥ
ֻһҲλǷ㣬ֻҪǸ˾ӡҲܷģҲｫиҵһġ
ݺҡҡͷûС
˵ͷûҲ޷㿴үôöɣҿԸָһףҵĿ⣬ҸĿɡ
ݺһͨڵϣЩʣˣĲùֻܽѵӣֻҪ뿪Ӳ뿪
ʵû뵽ôЩϣϲ뷨һΪݺͻȻôΪ˻żˡ
Щȷˡ
Ц˵ĺܺáҲû˵Ҫ޳ȥⲻ˵л˼⣬Ȼ㡣
ݺŷģͷվ
ˣ͵ʲôҲû˵Ҳȥɡ
ݺϥӦһת˳ȥ
ȥһɣͼϲ˽һţָ͸ģ
ţͲƹɸ봫⣬ţ
ӹŷ⣬ȿһۣһ
Īš˵ʱȥĵطһ档
ر𽻴²֪ᣬֻһǰΪҪһܡ
üϸſһ飬ּȷʵĪд

 114 


˵ĵطʱʱ硣
վڸ˿һֱȽԶլҪڸС߹հ˹գһƬ
˸עլ뿴⵽ôһ¡
˴ʱȶվˣſһʯɫ۵ƿ˽ȥݷףһ֪Ī֡
󻹸һĸ˺ͼӣＸ󣬱ʧСС
ΪԼҴ˵طֿ˿дĵַӽʮţȷʵûҡ
ĵĵƬ̣ȴʼûзĪֵӰʱѹԼʱۿ춼Ҫˡ
ߵ˴˸ɫ˱㴩϶ÿĶñڵסߵǰš
һᲢû˿ţãӦ㾶ֱŶ롣
ţƺҲûʲô붯ͿǸĸ˺ƵĳţûƬ̱Ǹ˵˺ѷεĿ޺
ɱûĵĶŻҼգС潸͵ˡ
ǴʱҲʼƵĴ
һƬլͰ֮ҹЩǳɤһкܼ˺ĺͰĵ䣬˲䴫˷Բʮ׵ľ롣
Ƶã׷̤ţ˻ŷ룬ѸٳǼҿ£ȥ
ûзӦլǰѾۼ˺ܶˣȻ֣⸾׽ġ
Ž˳䣬ҿڿжˣȥ׽ǼˣʡǷֲԺҸˡ
˵ͷ
Ž˸ƣӰѸٳˣլ˹ȥ
һװ磬ŽĻ£˳ļȺԺС
ԺӲԺҲվˣ۷׷ףڻѯ͵˵˭ûʶܶ˷׷ҡͷȻ۾ڡ
ʱҲߵſڣſ﷢һС
ʯɫ۵§Ķñûļժֻı
Ů˺Ӽţĺ׽˼黹֪ڸģ˲š
ȻҪǶ˰һȥ͹١
ԺİҲǿֲ´󣬷׷װǻߺŰˡһƬȺ鼤Уñ˿ˣȴһƵǻд͸
ȫһԼͬס˿ڣŻŮҲû˲䰲
ֻԼĶñժ£¶һųƤһһˡ
ĸ۾˲ɵͭ󣬾ʣ˭ô⣿ĲӦǸŮ𣿡
ٺһЦ¶һڻĵ˭ҷ·оЩڿʣɿҵûأֱԣû뵽һݾͱ˸סˣһûļУǾʹ˽ʼ
ͷһǰˣǱͻһиɵˣû֡
ȻͿǺٺһЦʣĪǹңҪҲɣ
ԺеȫӶġ˻һ뿴ˡ
Ż˻Ƶģ͵ɿ˺󼸲ŵһ£˲׵ֽæ㡣
Ⱥڵ۾ѩģôһʱˣԭǳȫֵĹЦ
ʱѾȫ֪ôˣŽ˸ɫŽתٳ˸ơһյ»ظϢȺвûзֿɵˡ
˵Ļ֮˲δڴ˴ۿֻܽ˴ȥˡ
Ƭ̾Ժ˺ûʲôɿˣҶɢ˻ؼҳԷɡ
Ŷδҡͷ½˳СԺ˼ҡһᣬұɢ˸ɾֻʣ⼸ˡ
ǰһ֣Ȼ´϶ñ߳ʧҹɫС
ڵļɨһۣһ񺮣һ仰Ҳû˵תҲСԺ
Ž½⼸ȫֽţ죬˻ȥ
ⳡϷֱӻ˸ǿˣ˹ףҪء
һз֮Ϸ룬׸/ıǩɼ˵ж

񿴵ŵʱ򣬾Ѿоˣ͵͵£ĪǾģοԵĻ
ּȷʵм棬ΪԷһûǰ֪Ž
Ž֮ǰȹ¾գһϣ˵ҲʶĪֵּæʲ
Žŵʱ򣬺ĸоһǾǲŴĪд
ֽϸ˺ü飬Ͼûô飬һּҲУֻоּȷʵĪдģȷа˷ּ١
ʹֻּ٣ҲԸĪ֣Ͼһս֮ͬ飬ЩûɳûģοүĹϵǡ
Ž㲻ĪֵҲҪȥһˣĻ֮˸
ȻҲͬ⣬ȻˣŽ˸ͲݺȥȻ󽫼ƾͼơ
û뵽ǣ󿴵ľôһ񺮵͵Ϸ
ŽЩˣ֪ᷢչ˶ģĻ˼ֱӾͽЩøץһʡù￴ôһֱ˶䡣
صʱûأɱ󣬻ʵ۾µҹ
ʱһվڷУ̧ͷīգҹϺƲȥǣϵ۾һ
֪˭ڱֶŮ˵񶾵ķʽжԼԼӻؾŶٳֺʱˣ
ĵ׺Ȼһ˫۾һ˫ԹĿԼ۾᲻Ϊλ˺Լܶ²һӿ˳ҡҡͷϣЩֻں˼롣
ʵµһ㲻ٹˡŽȻǼ˿ڣȻЩֶν壬ֻҪȽһ̣ڡ
ֻҪһǣԼǸ̵ӣͻɾӱһ춼ӡ˱ˣˣʵ뽫ִŪĺѿ

Žûз̫ͽǼ˵˿ָʹǵƺֲĻʹ
˵һʮˣݸߣƤֲڣЩձһɽһ˵ֻ۾ͻгһ졣
һǽҹǼլ׽Ϸ롣ֻر𽻴ҪǸŮ͵󵽾׸ȥŪ˾֪
ʣһŲ֪ˡ
Ž룬ҹլʱ˲δ֣˵ȥſ
ŽҹһЩȥſţֻҪòƵˣͳͳץ

ڶ磬ŽȷеϢ
вĺԺǰԺһƫ
ŽҴҶһ񣬱˻Īϵˡ
ͷһû뵽ˡŽߵͷ󺹣㵹һһ
ŽһˣҲ豭һƽռʱֻҪˣ˵⣬˹ϵѶ͡
Ž²ǣ֮ǰǹ˸ϵˣܰһȥĽĻʹǳܰû뵽
˶٣Щεʣʱô㣡
̾һҲֻ֪йһ֮Եû˵ôͺأ
оǸʡ
һŽʣҪҪү˵ϾĪĹϵҪҪȥҲûʲô˺
ŽһһΪɱǸȥҪ˵ϾҲϹսˣ첻µزµġû뵽ôˣ
Ҳͬ㣬벻£û˵Լ͵͵ȥͳȫġ
ŽͻȻס죬Щ˵ڡоŮǴӹĸ߹󴿾໰Ҳ۶䣬۾
֪ģԼִҪҲ͵͵ĸʱ֪ᷢʲô£Լ˵ˣǰȰ䡣
Ǻãү˵ҽҹ˵㲻ǰ͸¶
ŽԼ˱裬һڣУ

ŵʱһ۾ͿǼٵģĪױдģ±ʼαġ
ʱ£ʡ
ʵش𣬡ҹ£ָʹ֮Ѿץ䲻˵ҲѲĻʹ
ΪδʱŶ˵ҹǸʲôףˣ
ҡҡͷĵȻһ۾Ͷе¡
Ļ֮˭
ҹºŽĻĺ˵һ顣
˲䱻ְס
תȥһѳס½ǣʣôˣүȥģ
ȥʹһϣҪܰŽͷ֮ޣ
ҪӺ汧סΪĪ֣ҲҪִֵôѿ
ûȭ
˵£Ͼǹʺ£йأҲ￪
תҡ䣬òãҵġҺ˰ɡ
֪ߣ¿סԼһ²ţֻɵСè
֪ܲһжΪԼΪԼĪۣ֡ӦҲǣӦҲǡ
ҲܾôȥˣȥĪ֣񶾵Ůˣ֪ҲǺõġһ
룬˵ͷãôɡ

 115 


ĪƿŵʱѾͷΪܰױ߽ңֱӽˤϡ
ܰһۣһЦᱻ֣Ҳûʲôµġ
˱ӵ£Īһ
ܰû뵽ҵ˳ԼҲеĽΡžϣ͵վ
ױŮһӦδͨ˳ͷһ¡
˻ܰ۵˿һӣž˹ȥū澣𣿡
ŮŵĹģҲŵùһأ״˶˳ȥ
ܰĪЦΪΣΪβԼȢңȴűŮˡôô
ں˵Щʲô
Һ˵ǲ֪ǵǰ£ѵĪҲ˵Ϊκ˵㣿
ĪһôĪ棿ʲô֪ȴÿΪԼ˽ĥ
ܰЦ䣬ôˣҲ㣬Ʋ߾ıģҲҵ֮ǰдġģ֪ˣô
Īȭû뵽Ī棬ĳ˵ĺݶ⻹Ϊʲô
һлǼ˵Ĵ˹׵˵ôòȥôǱ
סڣĪֱɫף߳ȣĪڻϳȣˣҲ˱֮£
㻹˵Һ˵㲻ԼãΪһ˿㻹˵û
ĪֿųܰŲе
ԺĪͿԼȥΪǶһ¡
ûȻȢ˳ܰͺúùӰɣжãɰľ£໥һмԣƽƽ
ٿǰˣĵ׾һֳ֮⣬һʧӿ
Īֲٶ࿴һۣתͷߡҪʱֶס˽ŲתĶԳܰһȰЩ֪֮ĪҪȥҲǲ𣬲ҪΪԼǻ׹ݾΪģɲ㣬ֻΪĸ󡣡
´ΣҲᱣ㣬㡣ӽûҵ׼һҵ鷿Ҳ̤ȥ벽֪аΥԴżױع˸ˣ
ܰû뵽˵˺ݾĻһʱŭңҿǻ׷ĿҲǻʱּ״͵ģҲ棡
ĪһЦ۾˵㲻žԣҸҲҡ
ܰĿ⣬ͷһݣȥıӰݺݶ˶š
֣ܰĪ뿪ŸҽȥȰͽк洦Ů˵ģѵƢͷϣϸ
ܰݺһۣūߵʲôҪҲҪȥã⡣ҾͲҶô
ҡҡͷ̾ȥʹ˵¹λԹ
ܰһһʱֵӶѡΪʲôģ⽫͸¶ңǸˡȻˣұ㶼кӹ
ֱ죬ʲô飬֪ˣȰҲáԤУԺ󽫾ٲаӹˡ
£۳ܰˣãˤĪֶŲʡΪδ̤ԷһÿЪ鷿۲ΪȨûˡ

µףʵû뵽ѺõĵҹīϾ֮ʣѹ
£͢һѾɸ˼ޣʣµһ֧ŵҹľͷöֻٴرȨǽ
֮Ϊ׵ǼˣϴδܵõȥոϾݵĻᣬȫԹ֮֮ǰ˵ģôʹĽ
˵ս뺷ǿʤ˲ǿԼʵȴԼıһ˿ϳͷġ
ڳɨһۣʵϵˣʹҧгݣҲ޼ƿʩ
ڲֻǣ˰Ī֡ڿԲǰһ±ҪЩȨǵˡ
ֻһǺܰģʵչԽԽˣЩԤƿأʵһ
ǱЩһȨǣȴΨһ֧ģΨһпġ
תͷ
ͻްĿ⣬΢ɲЦЦ
ѻ֪ܲ۵£Ī֣˵Ĺϵ뽥ԼʵȴʱòпԼ
Ȼ˼ɵԼǾһˣɱȥԼȴ֪ԼƫƫȥºϾҪԼ
УԼƹݵפһ֧ԮͬʱʾԼ˸Դȥս
͵Ȼ˳⣬һеڸкúϢͬʱ˹õĲҩ塣
ֵõ㽫Īֹ˧Ҫúλս½ϾԼͷףĸ֮һպĪЩȨǣȻҪΡ
Īּлӹ±ʤľ״ʾպ쳯͢

Īֳ£Ȼ֪ͨܰˣܰŴźĪֵǵ֪˴¡
ֺܰޣǼºʹδԼһۣ¶֪һ䣬Сʱܹ
ܰŭƽֽĶˤ˸ϡáȻ۵о
Ī֣ҲȻߵһУرߵŮǣһδ⸮ĸ´ûһġ
ԽǾԽ˳ۣ˰ӡ
ŮҲί˵±ҲֲЩ๴ݡǹѪһź׵ȴᶼҵ
ܰž̹Щɨһ۱ĿյƵ˵ĽһҲ
뵽ĪﵽЩ˼;µģ˽Իҡ
֪Īӣ۸ʲôۣ˵ȴ䲻ʧȥ
ÿָֻͷӣϣĪ㲻Ҳеʻ

Ϊľ˸¶ּգڸˡ
еʱʲôùܣ٣дѵʱĥ
ֻСƹ˺ͻȻæ鷿Ӳˣʱճˣˡ
̾ѱٺõĳĲҲ벻˿ڡ
յҲȥ䣬ЩʲôСѾͷǵձųȥ棬˲赹ˮ˶Ҳ
ͷҲ̧Լʣ˭˵û˸Ҷ˲赹ˮˣүⲻź𣿡
̧ԽûûСˣѱūòɣ
ѵү⣿죬ʡ
򴽣ͽỹ᲻⣿Ȼô룬ȴô˵ϾԼǰСŮѾûûСˣһ軵˿ôá
һı飬֪ʲô͵Ц
㣬Ǯ벵һ棬ûһġ
үôƲҵ⣿
ҿû˵ƲϣֻǲյĿЩʣĿ֧ã㲻ЩǮ㱾
Ŷһ˵ͷ漴еɫʵү²£˭Ǯ
⻹ò£ȻǱ
ٺһ֣Ŀҹү͸ףѽûǮ
һ⡣
ƽʱȻעЩǲţϾԼݵ˰ܻСǮ
ܣĪҪ󣬱ǹݣ
ҡҡͷү̫˽Լݵ˰Ͻɳ͢ģʣµĻڰյϢ;ˣĻʣ٣ȻûҵĶˡ
̧־ȥ˱ñ㵽˶Ǯ
һѽ˱£µܿҵܡүһҪҵǮô죿
ֱӱЦˣСδ̫ɰһֻʳС̹ٲãǮɣ
Ϸţø첲˱ǰǲ
һ̣˶̽˻˺ʱˣ־ȥá
ͻȻ̧˫۽ʱٸߣһץ˸աȿȡҲץץסЩġֻûץʱˡ
Ļ֣ʱ˲ˡ
ε֣ŭүңûҪÿһʾ֣ҴδζҪͷʼ
Ļ˵ķһѽŷҵʻкЩû㣬үҪ֣ү㲻֪㣬Сᵼ¾˸
Ƶãֱķ
ͣ䶯ֿ̤ţļᱡĽűĦԽԵֱǿ벻̣Ȳ̡̱
һйȥȻĲֺȴ
鷿ûԡÿνˮ˻ƵߵĲУһλãˣʹƤٺҲԲôڣûһѣүȥˮ鷿ˮˣҲҪˮˡ
⼸յõ˼㣬ǰ˳ȥˮš˸ɾΪ
Ϊ£ЩߣһཥҲӦˡÿζĺϸʵǶڶһᣬһʱ䳤ܻأ
ɲֻ֪ۣźš
ϧ۰ԼоҸˣһֱҸȥ
׽ıˣ⧲벻

 116 


ת۱㵽ѮʢĵʱͣÿյĲ֨֨ĽиͣǶݵᱻ
ǳԶ˱Ķ⼸̫ܲˬк˷纮ÿĲ
Ҳ壬򱱾ս²˳æͣ壬֪ҩвǺõĺֳ鲻ſѾͷš
Դϴ͵͵ͣҩűֺѾͷϵٲڻˣȫľĺԡ
رϲΪȻÿζʹСӵڶǻϲߵߵĵɴ۾ԣһҪȵһ㶼ʣ
ʱˣ첲աϲΪ⣬ʱһҲӱܳҩֻС
Ϊĵū澣ϲΪԼֻС뷨еھΣرÿοҩʱʹ飬мۡ
ҩϲĽӹ룬һݺĸ첲εȥˣҩˣ㻹Ѿڵˮϣ
ӶﶼðſζһŴŨŨĿҩ˰ҩˡ
κԽĲǴ˺ÿڶҪһη纮һҩ˵Ҳȫǵİգ첻͵ʲôˣôͷƵء
ҲݺˣԼ𾻿ڵķˮͺ˸ɾݺŷӦæֽõǵ˹ȥ
ǲųһֻˡ
̧ͷһǻ겻ݺʣôǳʲô˻£
ݺ飬æַϣֻ˵Լû˯á⻰ǲ٣£Ȼ˯š
ЩֵݺҲû룬ϾӻĺܣʱʱͷʹֻţĻ˼ȥϸġ
ظʱѾʱп̣ǻʵ͵ٳ²δٴ죬ϻڹ˸򵥵硣
Ʒϵȫμ磬ȻҲ⣬ܶ󳼽軨׷˺Щơ
ȥۣϳűʣү˶پƣһľ
֪ˣŲ˾æ˱ܣ㲻÷Ҹ£Լͺá
ȷʵЩͷۣһԣ֪ǻϵٳүƣһԸѾһѾͷүЩ
˵ͷѾͷ鷿ɣһЩû꣬ɢɢһ˯ˣЪˡ
ţүҲϢĪҪյİô
һڣ˺ŵãġ
һûˣסϸۣţҲҲǺõġûɰʱҩˣ
ƲƲ죬СүһնҪϺüΡ
һͳˣδʺüΣ
һȥһߵүȥϽ¸ϽأʡÿôϢһ㶼á
úúãȥˣ˰ɡ
ٿľЦˡ֪ºүô˵һ棬᲻Ц֮ǰû뵽ˣ˽¾ôƤ
ϲȥȡѾȥ
ݺȴҴ˹ȥɣϲ㷽ű˽ȥˡ
һ㶣ôֻϲϾǽϱûж룬ݺȥˡ
ҡҡԴųҩ͸оЩһֱǿû˯ȷʵЩˣȥ

ݺѾ鷿֮ǰȥΣ֪鰸ϲ࣬š
˵һ󣬱ƿ鷿̤˽ȥ
үǹѾ
šһ˵ϰɣһȡ
ݺͷҲδ̧һ£ЩԼãôһҲòע⣬Ҫַӡ
ͷһѾЩţ˿٣˵˵ˣҪۿȣʡүˡ
̧ͷ뵽СԼһʱģǶ˹ɡ
ݺ˵ͷ㽫˹ȥֵݵǰ
ͷһڣãһ
ֽݸ°ɣ߹һء
ݺӦһ˳ȥ˷š

ѵʱһл谵ĳţЩģ塣
оЩգǱ˯һ¶ȶоȻڡ
ҹ鷿ˣЩôϧԼ
˿̷Ҳû˯⣬˴˼ѣƿųȥѰ
Ժһ㱡ĳһжڳ˯Уֻз紵ҶɳɳԵôװ
ֱߵ᷿鷿žδأֻţƿ˽ȥȳϲ鰸ɨһۣδˣųȥ
ԣϣԼ˿̴δ̤鷿ôͲۿ׶Ĵ̹ǵһĻˡ
һĻҰһϡ
Ŵ˺һᣬΪԼΡ۾ŵǶˣݺ
ݺֻ˼СĺǶ¶Űӣ
ϵ°뿪볨¶ʵţ˫۽գ˯㡣
ɨһ۴ǰĵϣ˵ҵѹһƺӳҹķ
һУо궼Ϳˡţȴζ
ǵļ飬ľ
ʲôţԼ塣
ΪʲôҪôңþȫʳһ䣬˻ʡ
ݺһµӴ¶Űߡ
޲޵Ŵ˵ӰɣҲ޷ҹүƣѾʱǿҪҡ
ʱݺѣͷЩһʱûŪ״
űߵݺʱͷһ˲ʲôⲻܣ
ݺǰ׻ӣֻĿ̧ۡͷֱֱ
ʱҲǾδ̫ѨͻͻǵҹѾݺ˳ȥɴôģ֮һӡûСֻҹ˯ĺһ˯ڣͳ
ɨһ۵ϵңͻȻ׺䶥ĸо̧ͷ죬һʱԶԡ
ȫǾʹȫǱˡ
ı˺ݺסƵã۵ûˡһ˲Լ˼ֿ֣ն˵
оʹûˣڵֻ룬ۻĵطٿǶһۣԼȥ
ΪʲôҪôԴԼôáôۡЩֻѰҸΣֶЩʲô
׵ıԼԸҪͬʹࡢһʱ
һô⧲ת۱ʧȥԼػĶ
ŵʱ򣬺һӿҧأ˻ȥ
һ̫¶ǰסء
ȴãԼԶޱߵĺڰֻа˺ʹ
̧ͷűʯɫգΪжÿֻ֪Ҫһͷͻӿ
˿̣ԼޣԼĽԼ˵ҪǿټǿҪޣֵá
һθöá
Լһֱûжá
ɨһΪǺİ֮˹еļң˲͸оЦ
мأ뿪˾ûмˡ

·鷿ʱѾ˷֪Լ£ţǵµ龳Ҳ롣
ĵֻȥԭ£ҪΪԼˡ
Էŵʱڴϱ˫ϥССһţ޲֣ģһֻ˵Сè
֣ɬ
̧ڶľɽѩ
ߣһݣҲݺһ¡һµͷĵ᲻Լ
ҡʶȽһ¡
ס䣬ͷ̫԰ֺαض˵Ҳı⣬ֻԼ۾
ʱסվڴߣȴС
˺ܾã̧ͷĶ¶һ΢Ц
ЦݺᣬɽȪϴһɾȪȴǸȪ
۾ȴЦݻ仹ĺ̶˸ս
Ŀ־ĵӡ

 117 


ңҪš
ҡҡͷڲ㣬ҲûǸҪʹҷȥһУҲʧȥҵĽ
Ҳ˲ףжôǰΪݽ˳ǽ
Ȼĵ˵Ȼ֮ǰȢСʱʱȢ˸öðҲ÷ķԼ£Լߵ·ı䷽򡣡
˶٣۾ЦˣҪ㣬Ϊʱҿ
ǰһڴߣǰȥ֣ڣ밲οҲõԭ¡
ıܿˡ
㲻ȥ˻
ңЩΣҹѾ֮£ʲôǵˡ
оһж˼飬ʲôȫûм͸о
뵽ϼһĻʱ̵ֻۣȴ̵ȫۡ
Խȥ룬ǻԽǰΣгƵġ
һҵҸֵȫΪΣϡҪôţҲ
˵˵ţȻЦˣ˵ɵɵˣ㷽ŵĻлһ˿ϣŮ˰
ЦЦţĵ
оԼ˵һģȴ˵ıˡԸʮٱĳͷ
ǿѹסݣһһĵ׶Լ˵ҪǿҪȥֻԼ
ĨȥϵᣬЩʱɣһ룬㲻Ҫȥңһ£¶һ˽ᡣ
Ҫȥסڸҿߣǰ
ҡҡͷһ̫ϤӰϢ޷˼ݻɣϾֻȥ
ģһۣ֪Լûʸ񷴶ԡϲ㡣
á˶٣Ӧ
Ĳûãҽʿÿȥ㸮Ρ
Цʲô塣ˣҪһУһҶ뿴
򴽣ͷ˺һãˣģ֪ô
߰ɣҹϲʰѾ뿪
ͷվȥ
ۣ̰δһۡ

ϲصʱӻµģүԹôã֪׷ʲô£ܽ˸
ֻǵʱ˵һ仰ߣʲôҪʣʲôҪ˵Ȼڸ
ֻܱ죬ʹһӵĻҪˣҲʡ

ʵĻҪһأڿһĻʱ򣬱ܾ͸񡪡뿪
Ҳ˸ޡʱԽıԽ¾ϡ
һͬҲڱԼΪò뿪ޡǵĲǰһ꣬ǰʱܿҪȥ֧Ԯˡֻȥ֮ǰȥ
һ£֪ԼôģֻôʹԼæµ۰պҹֻҪһͻǱĿ⡣
Ŀ£ʧȥҪʧȥô
֪һĻԼܹûʲôýƱġǾݺʲô᲻ǵģֻǵԼ˯
ߺҲʹݺûжԼҩ׶ʲôҡͷֻһζ֪ޣʲô˵
˺Ҳᷳˣһ۶뿴ùܼҳʤ˸լ˳ȥ
ȻһʱҲδøδֻ֪ٲܶһ˿Ϣ
ÿնȥӲҽȥֻڸһԺܼ֪纮ãķġ
ۿһٽϲֿ־塣һʱȴ̵ﷸϣֿ־Ľ١
һ֮ڵĵҲ׵ˡһ£ȥһ¡
뿪˵ףҪһжߣȴֺܼѡ
ĸ飬ĵĸþȫȥˣ˵뿪뿪ܹ鲻ôס
˭ԼİȵĽ貵ǺӣԶâɣԶᰵ·ܻܳꡢʱ򵽵ӦҪĺҲã
δȹݺ᲻ͲһأûоȣпһӶİɡ뵽СʱѧũߵĹ¡
飬û塣
ϲСĽһ䣬Ĺ̫飬һжǵģģϲеǾ塣
֪ݺºҲߣΪﱧƽүݺĵĻǹﱾˡ
ʱǱĴģ¹벻ģɵȥ
˺һᣬŻعתͷϲʣ£
ݺڸ˵Ҫ˵м֪飬˵㲻㲻ߡ
ϲȥ˺ݺмɫȥүүô۰ƽʱκ˶࿴һۣƽ׵Ҫġ
ǹֹȥ֣ڸſڣҲʲôֻܰ䡣
Ŷ뵽ũߣˡȻˣɡҪ˵Щʲô
ʵûҪģ˵ʲô²жȴ𱨣˾͸ġ
ĳ˳ǣǺǣϱӻ˵أԼִʱС˹¶ܾۡǰһﱻ˳ǽΪǺõģȴؼʱԼû°ɡ
ʹ塢ʧѿʱǲϣδμлʹûôš
ڽЦЦɣҪһ˶ϡ
ϲֻӦˣ˳ȥ
һᣬݺ˽£һݡ
ݺʱģҲܹӲΪԼһĵˡ·ϣҪǱˣԼ޻ڡ
Լòڣȱ˲ͬӳĹеģΪβУ
οԼδҪռֻҪү檱֪ˡ˭ùֹ񱣬ҪʲôһһޣݲǾͲܹˡ
Ӳϳȥ֪үԹԼǶ˷ֿүԼ
ԼɱﵣֻҪ̹һ£ĿػΪˡ
Һ£
ݺһͷѹǵǸ⣬һᣬ˵֪ӣӶ𱨡Щϣӳ͹һ࣬˭أҲһ޸үԽġ
˶٣֪һϢһүĺӣһУҽʿȷϡ
ʹ뵽пԣҲû뵽˵ΪԼǲˣϾԼһôʱ䣬δйУֻһζѡ
ĪĴɣĶҪľˡ
֪ɻүһôʱȴδйУȴ´ңڹ
ΪﲻУûеҲ֪ģ֮֮׶үÿΪһҽʿۣе¡
ʱ۾⻰һըͷһʱûعζ
ϲһʵȥˣӺЩʲôĪģԹ˵Щ
ݺҧҧٴߵͷûк˵ԹÿնسҩΪ֤ţȥԡ
һоˣԼûо֢ȴնҪҩŵ塣ǲû뵽Ϊԭ
ˣУӦȥү˵Ǻ⣿
ݺһ̣ľҪ֪ʲôˡϾĲܵԣܸµĴ
ûĵˣоɡЩĥõĻҲûôˣ߹治֪ܲΪٽȥ
֪үԹﲻͷүҶĺӡҵһ֪ͨùȫ
ǺǵЦˣ壬Σû¹ԣһͿء
ԭµģǲںڰġ
ôҹɫںڰĲηֱ棿

 118 


ϲתĻ˶ˡţԼˣһ˵ԼǼŭĵĲš
ϲ˵˼䣬ŵݸת˳ȥ
ţĪϮһֿ־塣ŷϵ֡үȻѸٽŲ𿪣
үŵʱѾ뿪ˡ
㲻ҪȥңҲҲ
㲻Ҫϲδǰ֪㣬ұģҲҶĿߺ󣬾װɡϣǿԱ˫ɡ
ʵϢߵҴûֹһҵ²һΣˣûˣˡ
룬о仰㡣
Ǽ£ԭˣֻǷŲ¡һŬǣһУ㡣ϣǡ
ѹоɢԵѡ
һ԰á
ڡ

һһֵţû뵽˾һ仰ʱѱ˵ĲԼʹδΪϣζ
úݵģһᶼңҲ࣬ңǵĸ顣
ûҪô
ƽպźԺӣŽ죬ˣҪȥ
Žһ˫ۺͰ׵Щ}˵ɫľǿһϷӦãǱ߳ˣȻʲôܽĥ
ǵ״ȿȰүȱ𼱣ȥ׷׷ġ
ĺȻҡͷ˵Ҳ϶԰ֵȥ׷
ү
ǰããһʱҪȥ
ֿʼδô
Լ侲һôи뷨ͻȻԺУʹһУҲĸ֣ô飬ο飡϶ȥס
ȥϾ
ŽһĲԡ
ڴʱС˵ԪѰү빬ʱǰء
һĪϾ״ǰˣСԪصһᡣȻҴҽ鷿ĵ࣬Ž
Žϵ˼䣬Žȥ
ϣүЩ빬ɣϾս³ѼĲУūȥأ
Ԫؼδʩ꣬ȼڡ
Ҳһ̶뵢飬ǣϷɿ˹δӦĴԶԶ˦
Ҵ鷿ʵ鷿Ｑת񶼲ˣһѷסĸ첲˵ܣϾˣ

ȥ٣һ¶δܺٳǰ֣Լ۽Щͷ
֮ǰδƽֻ֣֪һԱϽԭ䣬±ְ˵̫ء
δȫֻسǵıʿֻ˶ѣձɹ
ȴû뵽ǸŴٳǷ̣زʮ๥ζ޲ߡ
ʱŸоԼĶ֣γǰڳŻϺ֮״ģԲ򲻵ѣ͢
תԣһǿɣ뵽Χǵķӣ뽫Χ׾Ͷ
û뵽Χһ£ʵ۱˴ɺƵԮսΧ档
ھһͬԲǳڵؽƣмΧԮ
ԮûգޱܵлսһһҹͣЪ
˫ˣȻ˸أһӦΧԮһӦΧơٳǣֱǳ˵Ρ
ڵٹ˲ʲô棬ֻ͢ȥţϣԮԼҲŲ̫ãͻȫ
ĵҲףڳ͢Ӧֻлʵս޷ոݣ˿ԸԮԼЩ˹Ҳ޲ЩսܣûճϽĺôһ̣ôǾͿԷʳˡ
ÿձΧǵսľĵ׵Щ뷨ĸ⣬һҲ͸¶ֻҪ¶ʿ϶˥ȥôֻĸѡ
ֻþֶιʿƴֿţþŵĸһЩ
ʵⳡƺעսۣʱҲڿҪɺཬһ㣬ƴҲ֪Լûжÿˡ

ͽ޷żϵս´˵һ飬˵˶٣治ɫҲԶ˶
ֽŵΰˣ˵ոˣϱ߾İݺ͵ݶ᲻㿴Ǻã
࿴¾ͻȹϵͣɱ֧Ԯǡ˾ͽǺȥո𣿴˴ԮսԸ
Ǹƥ򣬵ʱΪոٺףΪҪȥƱˣٳһһ䣬ܱΨͼ硣ʱ뽫ƥʬΣرһʱҲκβˡ
Ȼ֪֮ǲһһģǰˡ
ɽۻ֮ͲüȫͿԲʳĵ׳ԼīİΣ˶ɽͷ⡣
һֻۣܿԼˡҲ˲᲻ˡ˰ݺ͵ݣٴ׳󡣵ʱ᲻Ὣ»λīȥ˵
ѽݱһȥ˱ʣµһ뻹ҪһפݣʣµЩҲֻˣȥʮҲʵǿѣҲ֪ԸԸ⣬ƴǣҲ޿κΡ
͵ЩƣīʧȥһסµĽɽոʧȥĺɽͳһ£ǸʵϣҲԸ
ǰԡ
ϲģԸԴǰȥԮս
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Ͽɻǵģ깥ѳʱ˵Ļ𣿱ڶ࣬ھ£ıĿսʤ
ǵ£ʱжѣÿһ춼ǵġ
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һۣȴֺԣȭл£ǳܸˡ
͵˵ͷȥɣ

ظ˸һţŲһЩȻֱȥϾ
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֮ǰŽŮװͰװĻ񣬿ӱ޵ǰϵϾڳȥؾ֮Ͽڣ̲黭ϵˡ
Ȼ죬ܱŽ죬Ȼδ뿪٣Ǿ˵δ뾳
ȻƶҲͬʱȥݺݴ̽Ѱ٣ȫš
߶ûϢܽ꣬ˣ˵һһΣͻȻƾʧˡ
ʵͨŲĹŴ˵£رͨ˰æ
뿪˾ȷʵװݣһýԼ
⼸գҲûţҪһ֮ϵ¡Ϊƹδ飬㽫ԼеİŶȽƹͽ䡣
룬ƽϢԼҲͲٶˡ

һϾȰѴӪٲԶĿؽ⡣Ȼ󽫼˶ӪУսƻͲ
޵õӪԼűһ˲ĲţϾΪЩر˻ԼɾԼĵ̡
ڵֻ֪ȻԮԼĵ׸һָм
Щ벻ΪλϾԼλҲпܲȲʳĵ̡
ЩҪǵģڵ֪ϣʱҲ˾
ܿ콫֪˽ʿǣһҪס˵ү״ԮȣһԻ
īʿȫգĻв֪ӢսҵģʿһӪԼʱڣ˼Ѫ˲ʿҪһս
ʱжȻ֪Ϊīʿǵҹڴвš
ŵͼڵɡŽָָ٣ָָΧĸأǼ޵İΧȦ޶ɽƵĴ񣬼޵ɽƵĶƼɺפڹطԼγ˸ܵİΧȦ
˵˵ͷš
Ǵ˴ΣҪȴİΧȦõİ취ͻƣһҪȥģɽƼڶɺ񡣡
УˣɺôŶоûκ顣
ֻŽ̧ͷһΪҲֻ֪Ƽλֳ
ѵүΪīƼֵֶܳ˼

 119 


ĲŽ֪ԼĲʵǴģҲ᲻˼Լ᲻˼
һΰŵһսȻʵġ
켸ǧȥɽƼȻװ򲻹룬ȻɵȦ
꣬־һ˽ǰЩ˵飬Ƽ׳嶯ԼĲҲЩѲŰֻҪװսܣϵ׷ɱ
ֻҪ£ΧȻɽ⡣ֻһҪ󡭡֣صĵҪסƼ
һƼֵΧɱ˺ǰͬĹԣơ
񣬲ͨʱҪԾ
һɱѳģûж룬󣬺ʡ
ȥѰɣʿɢһע⽫ųȥӰվŽ˵
Ž˵ͷʱ
ڱ߾ڴѰһפһᣬȻûӰֻʧ
콫ڲڼرճڵʱӳȥģÿʱѰӡ
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ŽѯʣõĶҡͷĴ𰸣ҲоҲˣϾѾսˡ
һʧŽٴһ߾ȥ
ŽįֱıӰֻһؿڣƵܡֻҪʱ䣬ͻڴزѰӣ»ͱĵʿأԺԴ
Žųڷʿ̲ųˡ
սһ𣬱߾˲٣Ȳѣ˭ҲᴩҲֻһЩڵ˶ѡʵӦûܺϵİɣ
Ž̧ͷһڽϦֻ̫ʣȫûȥ㵽˹رձ߾ڵʱˡȻµһ죬Ȼүֶȴһ죬һĥ
̧ǣ׼ȥ俴ڴһߴڽ̲顣ӰСҲƾɣε͹м
Ž˳ǣоԼҪħˣС˾͸о˼񣬼ʹҪװҲᴩôɣϾһңôɾ
Ȼ룬۾һֱ˿Ȼ͸оЩ̫ˡ
ˣߵļУŲƺˣЩŵǣЩýҴҵζ
һ̣Žû뵽˾񣬵ȻαװȻġ
߾ȥ˲Զʱںȵǰߣվס
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!ʱϲ⣬г
̧װ壬̫ϤˣʹɻҶϵñ˴ˡ
ңߡ͵δҡ
˵ǼΣүóʤ飬㲻ҪߡүЩʱճ˾ϵ±㣬ʬˣߡ
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һֱ۲ܣδСδڴ˴Էġ
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ͻȻݳǴΣΪҪˣƴܣ߲ݣʳһɲҪĺݾⶼܲסѪĭӣ;һƥ
Щ㲻֪үûܶҪɣҲܷߡ˵ʹδүҲɱ˵ġ
ĻҲͻȻݵҹ˵û㣬ӴֻʣһˡұеҲ޷
ͻȻۿһᣬҪӿݺһĻģҲһ֮䡣
ǼⱲҲŲ£ֻлĥ
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ȻŽ˫۾սķϣߡ
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͵ĵץԼֻ֣һѸٳذףڲϣã֪жģҲΪ㡣ߣұ㵱Σ
Žû뵽˺ݾ֪ģҲš
ŵĸæһǺοࣿȥүһ棬ִȥүͬġ
˹ǣ㵱ͯһߵĳɣ
˵꽫벱ֽ˼֣Ųߣ
Ҳ֪Ļǵ̫һĸƤڵд˼Ѫ
ʱѪʧɫ˺һ
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ѪʱŲһ٣ԼҲҪȥ
ʱɬʹĿ⣬һЩ㱡û뵽ôּˡ
˶ľĲžȥڵģΪβŹԼôĥԼ
û뵽ʱȻʹĲԼذһ˿ٴ˼֣ʺѪ
Žȫעֻˣδע⵽ӰΪҪˣˣŵĲУæúã˺Լҷߡ
ڴʱѸٳ֣һСϡ⧲һʹ飬ʧذ׵˵ϡ
ŽӦҲǼ죬һžͽذ߷ɳȥ
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⣬˵ͷŽٴοһۣȥˡ
ߵߣɫЩȴǼᣬ鼱Ŵ۲ۣ
ûȥ
ˣһȥ顣
Ȼһԣ
ֿһȡԼɾס˿ڣȡ
û˵꣬Ŀһۣܿ
ʱ򴽣֪ӶԼ㲻ֻݸӡ
񲻽ӣԼѽ͵ģͳһӷڲϡ
ջӣһպһأ˿ڷҩʡ°̺ۡ
л˵ߣҲ֪߲ɵĶԲԣ
˵ȻںСӣȴЩвȵζתͷݺݵĶ
վ㵽ĵϡ
˹ǣƵһЦվĵҲٲ㣬롣
ٺޣԹڴ˽Ҳ壬ѻȥ˵ͨ͸˫ġ
תһѽ沱ӵӶڵȥǣҲѪˡ
ĬĬĽӵӼѪ۵ĿĲӣٴȡԼӵϣҪ˿ڹȥ
񵽵Щ룺ЩѪźأҪǰѪô
ȻͷҲصǣϽƥ߾ȥ
תͷһ˲˿ڲԷġٴջӣƥʵΪ˶ңѩҲҪˣ
뵽ԼݿͰԼѩЩۣйϵһУҶҪߣ
ĬĬĸû֨ǽҵҲġҪĲǽȥ

 120 


һصӪ㽫ԼĴʡھ˵㰮ɾôഩҲˮֳɵģȥϴһ»ɾ·̸òã
õͷҲŵԼйɺζҪΪ˱˶Ŀ⽫·һ·ʱôݹ
ûҪԼȥתһ۴ʵңԼС˽ȥ
һֱϵһˬĳ΢ЦȥӭһӶıܿˡ
ҲգĹĵСﻹĿɰ
Ҳ㣬ҰѲϵ˿ȷҩС̡
ʵҲ»°̣Ųһ£˹ȥȻҩˣԼϵҩƿתͭͿ
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ͿҩôһֱĿתĶмֲڡ
俪ڣѾֿ·ˣҲ˵ĺˣ㻹Ҹǿս˵Ҳҵĵˡ
ֻһžңȴһ飬ҲһŸ㿴㿴̸ɺã
Ҫ̸ģȻƾܡ֡ԹƵԹǡ
ĬˣȡһţݸţֻҪţͻԭԼ˺ͺɽǰ
ӹţȿһŷ⣬۵ּǺϤҲΣܼҳʤ֡
𷽲ŽԼ˵óʤڲǼ£˵ΡĪ˵ľǼ²ɡ
ȿǳʤдģ˵ĹȻǼ¡
ʤ˵ǼеüĿˡһµβ͹۲죬ݺʶƺЩϸ𡣵¼СģҲ٣δܲʵ֤ڻȷ²ݺ˵ӦΪһı
˴ĿһͻȻǴڲμӰͻʱݺ쳣ľٶʱСѾͷ˵һѾ߽ˣݺȴ˵ȥѰȥˡѰҲӦңܵͷ󺹡ʱ;Щ죬û롣
ǴͻʶҲȥˣĪǾǴΡ
ţһʱζӳ£ЦľԼĴǲֵĻᡣ
Ȼʤ˵黹δʵʶųʤ֮Եġ
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Ǽ´ʹࡢԹߺģڶŵʱҲȥ
˿Ͳٵɫûڣ֪ˣǵȦףҡοҶǷһһ⣬Ҳ֪ģԲԣ
̧ͷŴɺοһɢ
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Щ»Ǹı䲻˵ġƩ磬ԼĲƩ磬ݺѾĺӡ
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ĺݺһĪӿһֲõԤСĪԼˣţԭ£
˼Ҫٽ͵ʱ񻺻ˣү㣬ųʤ˵һȦףԭ㡣
˶٣·ɤӣŵһҪ뿪кܶ಻ͬĽ׶κ벻ҪѡڶԵʱԵ顣
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ԣүߣҵĿ󡣡
Щ£ʱǸСԹﵽЩʲôǼٵѾԭ£ΪҪߣΪҪΪԵߣѵָԼĸֵ£
ģҴӦģ㸸ֵģòš
ҡҡͷ
㹥£ΪΪһֱҪܺ庣׼׵ģҲΪıеΪ˽ҲΪܱȫǵЩײ㡣Ž˵ҵĵˣΪ˶ˡ
ҪߵԭʵҲ֪ģôãҲֵ𣿡
˺һ˲Ŵ۾ȷеĲ²⡪е£֪ˡ
Ǽ֪ģЩ˼£ΨĵʹǾ塣
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㲻õĺ£ûкһġպҪӵʱǿԱһ
ҵǺµĲڣǽʮ꣬ʮĽ½ԺöԹޣҲĽ֡
֪Ҳûܲܽӵ£û취ǧٻأ޷ܺͱ˹ͬ㣬ҲⱲӶ
Ըʱͳȫ㣬ҲȫԼǱ˴õĻ䡣
ڱ£ҲˣǱϾѪֲƽգү㻹пߵĸ߸ԶҲΪҶ˺
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ο˵պ󣬾ǵ£ݺѾĺӡ
ۿᣬͷķۣԼôûϢһοһΣԸæ̧ͷһԡ
ʱҲԼãʲôãȴƫƫֲΪˣƴĳͷԼƴĺȿҩ
ʲôãҽʿ˵ˣֲΣҲһˣҲһӶкӡ
ܶģҲ䲻뿪õľ
ү߰ɡܳŸտʼòΪҷʲô
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֪ͨһһϦֻ֮ܽԼߣٴӳ顣
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ԣκҶԴӦ㡣Ψ£뱾ȥºͣ˵ĻȴŲɵİԵִ֡
֪ԼȥܶԼҲƽΪѣ˲ŭ⣺үҪȥѾ費ҡ
ЦЦܲˣ㲻֪𣿡
㡭ΪҲһˣ㻹Ҫ޳ܵо㡣
֪ﵽ׻ǻЩʹЩġΪôǷΪ뿪Լ֪֪ԼĸǶôϺͱ΢
ҲЩе飬ãҲã޳ҲաҾҪ㿴ж
۾һʱҭľЩƿԡֲû̹Ƥı£óڴϺƤľͷĸ
񵽵Ҳû⣬һʱһʱֺԼһʱί̲ס
֪ܲеʹ࣬ܣû취޲ⲡǳԼϵġ
ޣǱʹĲԼٴοʱû˷ŵ⣬Ǵֵİˣص㲻Ҫߣ
ٴ仰ľǺݺһⱲӶǣ˵仰ʱǰˡҲΪ仰ԼŻ
˵̵ĺӣⱼӿܼ䷺ıʹҲ֡⸱ӡˮҪŸɣָ
ٿڣ뻳ĬĬһʹһˡ
ҪûԼ˱ѹ񴷴Թ
Ҳۿ׽סֻСȭͷ
ܲס˴ֲģſھͷҧסĴ
ҧšǲоﶼѪǲ
޷ֲ潫ҧһʱЩɶͱûֱ롣
̵ģģˮ˱࣬һ𣬰
ССһֻֻ˵СèƵֻСץǰ󣬱źԲöĺݺš
Ϥ¡İζƢһʱ˿ߢȡš
ʱŸоֻ˹
ǵ񴭲ŷŹĶ׵˫ۣաķ૵Բ𣬶Բ𡭡ΪңҵĴҸңңɱҲҪ뿪ҡ
ʵҪĥˣҪԼô죡ǲԼϱǷġ
Ǻͺãòã˺һᣬɿ۾ʵ

 121 


Ҫͷתһ,شն
֪֪Լţܶ»δΪһǾͷһС˶ľĲŽµĻ˵ڣô׾ˡ
㲻ҪˣСƢһ°ɣţ˵ȥ
ȴһѴ˭үˣƢˣ˵Ǽ»ǸȦףˡݺĺǲүĻ֤ʵһأүĵ㻹ҺͺʲôΪʲôҪүͺã
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ӵΣδƶ޹ءţЩʱ֤׿ɺã
˵ҾҪȥսˣұŤţһĵģսϵǹۣҷսɳϣ治ۣ
ޣͯ޼ɡͯ޼ɡ֣߳ү˵ʲô˵Ҳ·˼ɻ䡣
Լģ͵͵Цˣӵ뻳һڡ
ŷӦԼأһ仰ƵԭΡʱеա
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ӲĻ˭ˣµΣȥ
Цˣĵġ
˰ɣЩ㰮Ե˱ȥһɡ
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֪Щ²֮ܲƵ̫ʵ䷴֮ҲֻţһһգһԼͶһյĻᡣ
Ĳ缲˵Ҳδܱ㣬ⱾҵĴЩʱ䣬һⷽõҽʿΪҽΡ
ǰ±֪һֱ˼ɣڿԷſΣҽʿû˵ΪηҪҡңЩʱòã
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ҲҪҽⳡս£ٺúһ¡Ҳδ㸸ˣǾͿԼˣ𣿡
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벻һأүȿºڡ
˹΢΢һЦΪһžۣҲὫƽģġ
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ҲҪٶЩ⣬ֻڴӪȥһ˿ģ֪𣿡
У˵ֻǱ·ʽѡţڻô죬ԸԸⶼ߲ˡ
΢΢ЦЦ֪ĬˣСԴԡ

˳ţʿҲӪʴˡȥ
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񶼲ģֻŴʱգľڸ·Ҫڿʧߣľƣήҡ
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Ҳ붯ʲôˣǽҹ±ۣ˿ҲѸʧ
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Դôôδָǰ˵׻ԭԼûãҲǣɫ֪ʱ˲ٿ࣬ԼĴ¡
ۿͻȻЩ죬תͷ֣ͰڸѪɫȫޣָ¶͸Ų԰ס
ҧҧʹὫֻСְԼУͷס
ššţ۵ĿįֱıӰһֱ
һǱһѵģʱԺšǾһֱнţʹòճһƤӣ㱼ƺһϤӰƿ˳ȥٿʲôûˣԭǸΡúŽǴһͽˣ۾˯
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ͻȻЩڣžгڨڨС飺㣬ҪԼ
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𰡣Щˣ˵֮ǰҲԼĽţǶڶѵʱ򡣿ǵʲôϵЩŪˡҹ˵ģȴ֪Ƥ

ţһӻ
ЦˣĽűСˣôоСèצƵá
ղܡ
˵ôܱССҲèצҲϻצʨצʲôġ
˵ֺˣⲻ
͵͵Цˡ
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ʱ鵽ˣʱɵɰСҪ֪Լжమ᲻뿪Լ롣
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ùҪҧһѸˣгߣܿŸȳȺȵ·θٳԡ
˾ʾǹԹԵĵͷȺ˼Ȼȥô
׽סֻСֻǲԣ׽òҲ鲻ݺݵĵѾȹˡ
һֻ⴮ЩȻ棬óһݸЦԶ˲ãٳЩɿ
£ֽӹ̵ĳ
ԽҶԣƫҪԡŸɵʱ͸ое㿪ģȻһڲͣһ
Цˣҡҡͷ
ЦƤһۣÿǰ޳ָſһСڲͽȻŵĳ
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һۣĶ©һģæ⴮ĵ˺üˣôڻûϢ
ҵôó𣿡
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ǿϲǸζʲôõģо̵ʲôͲ̹
СЦˣȻܱȡֻҪϲԾͺá
ţˡ
ĬĬĳһᣬ¿꣬ڵҾҪȥˡúôھӪﲻҪܣһ

 122 


ݺݽƵʽ뵽ս뵽սͻ뵽Լ;Ѫȷ磬Իе¡
ͻȻûʳ⴮˻ȥͷĬ
˵Ǽٵģǵֳǡ˵ʲôףɹ飬ﵽǸоЩԸֵġ
ΪǰͶϤ͸һУΪ׻ϣӮֻҪֳƽͺá
£һὫƽġ
̧ͷãӦҵģһҪ֤ǵƽ
յĵһº͵ĻȻΪ˱˵ģҲĲ١
Ц˵ͷĿƶ

պһɽʱҲɽ
֪˴ͳ˧ɺƼҲʵ۹ǰͳǲ뿴Ƽ
ɺԣҲṫ˽𣬲ԮƼֵܣ˵սܻ
һ㣬һһͬʱƼֵܣɺԮȻ͵Ϯ

ƼӪʱмˡ
ƼֻŲǧ͸͵ϮľӪֱ⵱ŵĺûᡣҲδԴ׷˳ȥ޲ǸȦס
һ·ҧܵ𲻷ţһҪ׽סܵīһ󹦣ñְĸܹط
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ûļˣͿܵݴСɽѹѹһӿһˣϷŵӾΧס
Ƽʼû뵽ǸȦףԴװǧ˫ս󣬺ܿͲС
˻ȥԮɶԷļϣֻ񶼷ɲȥοǸˡ
ⳡ̶̫ѣϧԷ̫ӲУ̶ֳȰ˵ӦжͶˣȴƫƫӲ
еջۿǽֽߵʿһҲ˲ĽƼˣ̧յұ۾˹ȥԾȥ
Ƽұһм˲˵أīʿֳΧȥͽſ¼ɲͶ
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һȻҪޣãȻǰһԾȥץƼٵ֡
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ţǵĽѱܣͶ±ߣɱ
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ס˿ڣһʱ۵еġͻȻݾӪ˿ڵˡĵһɬʹ첲оûôˣԽʿǺǶߣձӪ

ձͬʱҲѴɽصĳ¡
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һ˾ͽļɢšǴǿĴ󽫣Լû뵽ȴĲò˻سȥ
ԭս˵á֣Եڶࡢñ
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ʣµīҲŽţץסӵ˵ϣ˲ռ
֪ȻʧأȻء
˵ʵһ֡ǰһǾʹΡ
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⻰ĺˣԼΪв٣ȴ̸ϡҪ˵飬Ӧ˽ӻãжƼҲŶԡ
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̫ܴԼı̫δסڳ⽻սʱ͸ý׽סġ
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뵽⼸Ķĸж˵õܺõƴĺܺҲɣЩôġ
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֮ǰ˵ģ˱ȡ˵ƽԵʱս׼ӭȥ
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ԵոоҪܵʱһݸı䵶·ߣǵͳԼĲĨȥ
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һ֮ѸٽĵȥƷˡ
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Ƽܵ˺ܺõүͿģȻûġ
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ЦЦսܵľδִﳯ֮͢ǰұ˰ļ˾ȳԽصġοҲļˣ㲻ȥ𣿡

 123 


˵ᰲ˾ȳеļʱʵǲŵġ
սƽ죬ʵ类ʵ۰˶ӿˡ˵үǣ뽫ļ˽ȲͳҲ£ο޳Ī
Ҳ֮ưɣԼܾͶϣ롣
ôˣɺãΪһЩԭδͨˡ
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ƼǸƢȼҲա˴С򵽴ƣȴҲõġС֪һ𣬹ƻƿڴ
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ЩЦãĵԭôѸ㣬Ǵ˱ȽϺദ
뵽Χ޵ĶΧȦѽ⣬ܿҲܳˡʱֻҪͼǰɺмлɺսƺܿͻᱻܡ
ģӦþǸصĴٳ˰ɡ
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ҰܻްɫӢϧ˿̵Ҳ飬δٶ˵
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һսҲЩЪϢҪɺսƻ׼ʿǵʱһɺˣȻƶƲȥ١
٣뵽ٲͷ۵顣
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֮ܵδͳ˧һǿŹܳõķ֣ǿ˵ѹƼҡ
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һҪһΣĪֱ˾֮ȻʱĪֻ֪ʱľǼޣڲǽҿµĺʱԺٸ֪ĪҲ١
ɹΣļպˣҪǼֻ빴ĶȨǴ˴ι˳Լˡ

ڵ֪ΧȦѽʱֱӴŴӶ˳
ʱĴѱĲһ룬ܶཫʿЩδֱפɽľӪʱʿǲŸоıס
Լ˵һδȫûЩȫǰӪȡסЩʵҲ͵ڱסĸм֮͸ǹ˳ʼʱľ֮ġ
ʼʱĵͷͰݡ
¹ߵүлүľ֮սʧȫ¹ָʧиϵУȫ𡣡
үͰΣǰӪȣʿϣүӢսս񣬾ؽȣҲҵȿԱġү¹ܣ¹ٴ˺Ըүհҡ
˵ߵͷȥ
˻Ȼƨɷݣǲǳġ⼸ҲˣЩλӣҪǸǸϣ˭Ϳĵġ
ȻԼûǸһս֮ոжӲҪ类ɱƬײʶʱͶǸˣ˵ܱȫƽ
ЦЦ룺Ǹˣ֪ѡԼġȻҲڼҼӱ
˿ҲǱ֮£лսʿЩʱռصҲ࣬ҹʹ쳩һúϢһպ󣬱汾һȥɺ񡣡
˶٣˵ɺҴüǻҲƾ˴á
ͷһ˲ģû뵽˺Ҫһϴǰܰ
˿̶ĸм֮Աж֮ྐྵЩʪۿҲӼᶨԼ뷨
ٴߵͷȥлү

պɱսصīӪ
ʤĺŽʱ֪ӦʤսˣôԼĶӦҲ˰ɡ
䲻δһͬ󣬵˾꣬Ҳ˽ԼǸƢԼԼദʽȻ٣ûһ˵
ʱȥ֪࣬ᱻѪͷ
룬ǴֱȥͷĶȵڵʱȥ͵͵
ڰ̫ɽĻһװɫװҵСһ£֪ƼѺĵط߹հ˹յҵǸСʡ
ʴƿһС죬ڿȥ
ȼһյ谵͵ƣܿյʲôҲûУֻһӣϰһˡ
ͷ棬ͣήңﻹ·ĺˡڻƵƹҫ£ְ˰ĸо
񶨾һ˰Ķĸ۵ʱӿᡣ
ɺôŰսأ˵õģͽɾĽô
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ֲҽˣ״̬ԾΪսܶ˴̼֪ԼһֱֱӰħˡ
վѹĨ˼ᣬٴ͵͵ƿʴ˿ûзӰ
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ͷһУδԥһ£ǰ׽ס˵Ӿ͸
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ڵƼһԣͲ⣬ͷʣǰүǲǽĽ
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˭ȻƼˡָһǶСʣˡ
ŶŶ׹ǽү˵ľʲô
һֲۣʣôģҪĥûˣ
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˻ۣɣƦԻûģô˸˺üΣ⻹Űʲô㣿Īǿ¸첲жȲ㣿
ʲδӰɼĺ飬Ǻһ֣Ц鲻ֻϧүʡ
㡢㡭ĶûƢˣģһʱʵ벻˵Ļֻ˵˺üﲻ
֪ˣϧֲᣬԲűС֮ǰԼʱҲ⸱ģ״̬оķɰһʱůۡ
ҲЩˣֲܱ˵硣һʱ֪ôźãεĴͷ
ô˰ôˣսɿƺЩѹЩˣһʱεЦ
ˣ˵ˡүȻˣҪúôǡ
ΪûүĻôѹģ
ô˵صĵ˵ͷ
һ˿ЦҲȥйɼɬʹӿͷǰԼʲôأܻĪ˷ܣְ֪˷ܵʸûС
Ϊһ仰ûִжеѹԼȴΪԼ㡣
ɿЦ¡̫ˣҲⱲӶ롣

 124 


Ҿҽúð˿ڰٸЩóԵĲ˸ϴϴɾ·㿴ģүҲ϶ûúö˸ɣչ˺˭չˡ
һۣ˵ͷãġȥ죬үġ
һͬˣ˵Ҳ˲Ůбˣǰߣȥ죬ȥ찡
Ȼ֪ЩΪƼѣҲǼ俪ĵġһʱЩԼƲӣ޲ܾһֱߡ
ͻȻ۽ƳԶһʿһֱע̾׹ӦǱˡ
˿ү𣿡
һһż¸ˣȻ֪иСһֱڶԼ϶Ὣһһ
ʲôϵУͱȥˣŲҲȥܡ
ķ֣һδһİжûСҲΪǴμԺ֪Լѳ׷֮ǰ뷨ҲԼĵװ˵ԭʰɡ
ȥɣҪͿȥء
⻰ɵľĪһ˲һҡԼһ䣬ȰԼܲЩүŮˣԼҲģܱܲһ仰ôҡڡ
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ûֱӽʣƵʲʴСʵҶʰˣҪҪȥ
ҲƼأߵһƿ̽ͷȥ
ǰһƯСԴٿһЦȥȥ
ȥȻҪȥҪģĺòáͷȥͻȻ°ָָһԣȥǱߵңҪȰǶҵ˦
Цŵ˵ͷҹɫ
װȥ㣬С㵽һԣȻ߹հ˹յƵȥˡ
֪֣ҲòصôΰɣҺһҡ
ɺǺһЦȻԼڼȥéޣܲûҵ
˵С⣬ʴƿ죬
񿴵СĵƹҲˣƼͷҲˣҲϴɾˣ׸ɾѣ˲٣Ҳˣֻǰš
һԣʣ˿˰ɣͳԵ𣿡
ɵ˵ͷŪˣСӾĺܣֻˮԶķһû˵ʳأսɱš
Ȼ֪ƢԼ侲죬벻ͨ
ʳˡ
ôǿ׳Ӷˡ˵Լԣү֪ҲҲܽˡ
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ʲô
Ҳˣ
ͬ
Ȼһ˲ֶһЦɸоҲүһУҲΪ̫ͷһμս֮İɡ
뷨ĪľһɣҲ֪ʲôֻĺܿġ
Ҿ˸Щʳţġȿ˵
˵ͷŪ˵ģ˵𣿡
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㶵ĿĵСﲻᱻԼ̻ɣ
ûӶͬл񻰷һתûȱ˵ʲô
һȱʲô
Ҫô˯˯𣿡
ɶЩˣСֱͬķİ
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ٺһЦ尡ֵܣл
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һ۵ĵźǿҸ磡
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̧ͷ죬ҹգգŵ׵Ĺ⡣ദһᣬǼΪһ˰ɡ
֪ԺٲԼˡ

⼸գȥ͵ƼֻҲûżɡ
Ƽ侲Ҳһպ͸ķҲˣҲˡֻһֱĬĬģе̷ﵽⶼ͸žɥϢ
ĵ׳̾һֻܵԼͨˡ
ͷСҩƿԼøõĴҩӪҩƷױȽһ㣬Ľҩ˿ڻָĸһЩ
֮ǰѾҽһƿǸƼϣ⼸չҲÿˣſƼͬʱٸҽȥһƿ
ߵҽ⣬ͿҲӲԶ˹һôˣˣ
˾Сҩƿģûˣⲻҩ𡣡
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ЦšСһ˵Ҫ𣿡
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ȥĵɫֱ߽ҽʡ
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ҽʿȥˣôˣ
ҽһȥԷˣһȥˣ֪δˡ
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Ӧһתȥ
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ɿСһۣûЩԴԼֳ׷ºСͳԼͷ⣬ֲ֪֮ǰԼ̬ȵ˼
ͻȻоһֱԼȥһǼ£Լ֪ԵҪҡڵĸЩ
ԼǼ֮ǰ࡫žܶ࿴ԼһҲǺõģܽҲǺõģĵ붫ߴߴˡ
ûǣûסԼ¸첲Լ˵ҲãҾæҲһ˵ܡ
˵ͷܸл⼸һֱڰæչƼСæʲô
Ҿֻῴ鷳ҴˮȻЩµɴС˵
ãȥȡλԵȡС˵˳ȥ
˵·һЩұ¶
ϴ˵ʱǼġϲģе·ҲѸٵģ޲ܵչʾԼļ⡣ȴе㡭Ц¡
ϴθˣƽͶˣϾʱ˹ϵеϣȴǳġ
㰡ֻ¶۰ѡ
ʵԿ㱳Ҳû̫ľнһִˣ˵ʵںֻӾȥ˾ͼ٣̶ֳʲô
ʱоˣûС뺷ǹԹԵİ첲¶˳
ԭıΪҪˮϴЦ̾˿Ҹ硭˵ǱС絶治е뻮һ
ɢбһۣԹ˵սôͬģôȴ
Ȼֹ
Ҳ˶ΪȡˮС˻ˣͷҲδ̧˵ˮʪɾӹҪϴ˿ڡ
͵վμү
ЦЦұϵ˿ڣˣ
ɵţ˲ء
˵ͷתôڰҽʿأ

 125 


ͼڹضɺ
ü޴ŶӦսŽƵĺ档
ɺͼ޴ݱʱ򣬱Ž˴ӺǰлֱӰ˸ֲ
ɺľӱͺܻңͻľֱӸΡ
һңͿʼûܣʣ²ӵҲɱĻɵս־ȫޡûʿ˾ģīһΧֱӾͶ˽һʤлҪס
ɺεûϱôãͨʿ·Ҳߣϧһֱأ˭ҲˡտӰֱӴȥ
һģ޸оԼļδ˾׼оüˡ
սһʤֻʣ´ˡٶ˵ǿѿеĹͷΪɻ̫࣬سǵҲ̫Ӳ
ȻشӪٴӳ顣
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ĿĺԣҵȴеûʡŽ뼾˴ŴսһӪоɣҴƽȻأü档
Ž꣬ЦˡһΪҲ֪ôġǷ飬ֵүذɣСİף
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յ·̱վ͸ϵˣһӪ˰ٺ񣬱ȥ
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šһ
Сʪɾӹ֪ǶԼ˵ģʼæ
ӹӶɵɣ
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÷ʱҲǲ̫˵ģʳ޲ĺϰУһǾĺˡ
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ƿԼŵλã˵Ժ󻹲֪ΣҵĲûкãһأٵ⡣
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ǰԵɵ飬ͷƲһ߲ȥ
ײ̫Ҳˣ˵벻ƽ
۾һתͷ˵ҹҼ𣿡
֮ǰֻҺúóһٷȻ˸Ļ˼ң
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ôС𣿡
˾죬̵У
ȻһЦֽ˫£
ƾţĵ飺ȣǵģֻҪԼһԼƵãûҪճһһһһ£ԼССèֲĳ
Ҫ뿪£ļ²ģ⻹С
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ȻһЦȥױҰļʡûչ˺㡣
һ̵ۣڰͽҴʲôá
ֳδˣȻҲò绨ԼѾɴ

 126 


ٴκʹּʱ龰ΪǻġϲġȸԾģϲһЦֿ޿䡣
ȴû뵽ֻĶһſڣһǰ
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ԼһĴ֣ȴһ̡īľӪս档
Щ᲻ֻǽƽ
ֻһ˲񣬶˫ۣ˵ôֺúÿ㡣
СŮ㣬̧˽Ļ
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ȷʵԣ֮ǰƯˣҲˡĲһᣬı
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ǺͼУ˲ڵʲôˡ
Ҳǣ˫ոսսٳΪ°ܽȱĵж󣬲ͬ⽫Ů޸
ȻֵķԶԼĻˣֻתܡ
Ĳȷʵҡڲֱڶδȫպô졣
Ϊ¶˵ʵ̫ˣֻҪͻɬʹѾӱܺö첻ȥˡ
ѹֵٴδͷ𣿸ҡ
̧ͷһۣеΣѹĴͷ
˵Ǽٵģ٣Ǳ˴˶మţΪ˲š
ĬãŻڣȵֱˣáҲ֪ô졭벻߶Ҹеѹºͱˡպ̫ѣ˴ԹޡҲߵһҺ¡
һ̴۵Ȼʹ֫ٺ̼ÿһ񾭡
ίʹˣΪԼɵġŮĸЩ
ԲĶԲҵĴҵĴ૵һ˵š
һ㵣ĵѣԹޣĲҶպԹ㡣һн㲻ϲҼڳϣǿԶ߸߷ɣһҰףɵ
ҲΪҪֲңΪôࡣ˵ҵĲɵģ˭ҲģĴ˵
ô뷨˵ЩֻΪҰ㣬Ϊû㣬ֲ
㻹ͱҲϣǡ
ҧҧ˵ҲŲҪô˽ΪҷһС
۵ţҿ˽ЩΪһš˵,ֻлŲϣɵͱ˵Ļˡû㣬һҪô
һ¾ͺס˫̧ۣḧüۣ˰ˡ
ĺᣬҲۣ͵Ķͷ֪ԷĳֻһУһȥӵ޷֡
ɵϡ
ӦҲҪ뿪ˣʡ

˵ġȰ㸸ҲһͷöҡڣҪô죿
˵
ͷϺҵţţӦҺòãҪˣˣȻǾһֱŶˡ
ᡰߡһĺƤȫˡ
˲䰲ˣĿĿ鼤ȸԾ΢΢˹ǣǿƲסƵãļþЦˡ
ҲȾշȻһЦ;һᣬϡԭǱһѴᱧ
ҡ߱Ц˵
о⻭̫죬һӶûӦֱſˣź֪
УʲôӣֳǻڣһҪҪˡ
㶼ûһˣʵ̫ˣһһЩᷢġ
ܾУ˵ҵģô˵֪ˣ
ֻͣ˽Ų
ֻͰ͵СĵԲԼˡ
ҿһҲǺõġ
ƤĲУסУԷʱ㲻Ǹտ𣿡
鲻һҾͿһۡ˵ȥ

һΣԼͻñ޺޵롣
ô˵ûɣ㡣
񷽲űôס죬ݺݡһûϹȥ
ĹĵñԼоɰСȥ
ĵ
͵͵ЦˣǺͺˣĲСñҲǿֽͷչȥĺǣ׵ĺ󲱾㺹顣
ȷݺĺӲ𣿡ͻȻʵǴŸӰ׿ȷһΡ
Ķһ٣һǣޱȷҾڲ֪Ǻ˭ģһܲˡֻҪҾͺãһһġ
򴽣ðɣǾһΰɣ롣
Ÿշһξͱʲôˡ
֪˭ĺүôǣ
ֽ۽Щ֪졣
Ҳ̫ڱԼ˰ɣԼֲСӣѪȷĳ涼ˣɣ˵ˣʵԼҲ֪
ôļƲǵˣ³ܺõȥҲ֪
Ŷðɡ
һ˲ѡ
ȥģס
һֱװʾˣѵҪүͬס˵ȥˣҸǻأҪԼȥ
Ҳ˼ɿǿҲ·
үʲô
ȥ
ôֻмԶ
ţҲҪȥҪ˯ٻ
񣺡
ԽԽճˡ

 127 


һСʿѺƼŽȥͱס䣬֣룬ʱһȥȽϺãң֪ᱻġ
ЦЦ֮ǰ㲻ͦ𣬺ܴûôˣ
ŬŬ죬Ǵûʱӣħһ㣬ŵĲᣬҲȥ̼
һ΢ɲü
ʱˣ˵ˡô֪˶ձץʱӣöѹ
һ˲סеķʹЦһԸȴô׾˱Ȧףսһʱ벻Ҳеġ
ˣ죬ʤΪΪܣôӦҲˣ㲻ٵˡ
񱻶һ£еۣܣֲ֪˵Щʲôֻ͵͵ӦһŶ
ḧķҽȥɡ
˵ͷø⣬Լʡ
Ƽ̧һֱʹͷ˲׹ʹ˳ǣǿ񼷳һ˿Ц
ѹеıʹһЦȫǰοɫ
ƼŽϣļһװˣôôоδأ
Щţתһ񣬿ĵ˵ͷͷȻһϲ
񣿣ƼϲĽг
˲ʪۿܹȥס磡⼸ղŸﵽĲУͿ
ƼһֱţôɣֻţһʱҲЩʡ
ôҲ⼸㶼ȥˣ֪ж˼㣿㵱Ϊӻ飿ΪδϵˣТĺӡ
ƼϲּżԹƵ׳⡣
ֹס˿ޣɿĨ˰ϵỨ
ƼϲĿ⣬תͷ񣬵õֵĿ϶͹󣬲Ž⼸´Ƽ˵һ顣
γӵģ⼸ģֱ˵Ҫ׵¡ʹ˵Ҳ˵ɣ롣Ȼ˵ΪǸ汾
Ƽһһ㶵ģһʼֻǸе˼̫⣬ԽɫԽѿԽߣֱŭ㾹ǸīôꣿҪףǸĵӣҼͬ⣬룡
֪ķӦ
ǲǾͽг⣬ͨѹƼ㣬ֳɵĻʺ㲻һһ˽ڻҪ޸޸ǵĵˣ㻹ûж֮߳ģûеˣûã
ҡ
סڣ
û⣬ֹ㲻Ҫ˵ɳɰܶ˵£һŮӶʲô˵ʲôͨѹθɣ
ô޸ɣƼߵıսϵѵ֪Ҫȥ٣Ϊβȥǣȥ֪ǣԼƼҵ𣬵Һ͸Ǽ𣿡
ҡҡͷˣˣ˵Щкá˵Щ鱾ҲһŮӸġ⼸֪ģƢûĺиù޾ͺˣĪҪ󡣡
Ҳ֪£Ƽ𾪣δһԸĪҲ类˴᲻ɣ

ĪҪ˵ĹƵҧˡƷأûģԼ˰̾ͳҷƢ
ˣ˵ˡֹ
Ϊβ˵㿴ӣ˭ҧ˭ǣ֮ǰ¸īɵʱҲвѵĿԡˣЩҲ˵ΪңҲϣƾʲôһɴ֣ҾҾҪ˵
ƴֹסӿᣬתͷƼ:֪ȥǸǸʲô֪ʹΪλ䵽˵زΪȫΪ𣿵ȻǣΪǸҪأƼأ֪֪ˣƼûˣôĵģ㻹ǣѵҪϹɣ
סڣƼֱŭˣ˵Щģƻ󣬺һԸԼĸ֣㾹Բѣҳȥûãټ㡱
˵䡣Ҳöڳ̫ãϾڵҪܵġ
ʱҲǹӲƢĻˡǿǿԽԽ͵ģֻҪһƢƼһ׼˭Ҳ˭ĵס
Ƽҵƻ쳤Цˣ֪жáҪƴıǣһܻţɺϱ£ܸ֪ǣȻĺܱ
ҾҪ˵ͷԱһƲһᣬΪλû𣬼ʹûѵҲ֪Ϊɺ˧Ϊαż⣿һְŵǼɵƼˣҪɺִǣƼء
ãھȲ˵ڵĻӹѵЩоֻûµİ
¶ңѵЩֻ̡Ȩλ𣿵ȻǣѵǸİգ
ۿЩġ˼ŮҪӶʳĵزˡ
˭ܹǣ˭ǵ
ǿ֪ܽһУճõʹֻࣿн˸õķͿ̿Ѫɺӣ׹ɽž·жǡ
һͳ庣̣ȫµİմӴ˲սܹϰ
˶٣ƽ¼ߵ飬һУʵһеˣֻҲһı׷Ϊ٣
ҲǲǺͿô룬ôҽͰѻ˵͸ˣģֵ֧ģҫġ
һµĻȫ˵˳ɨһĸ磬һŤĹĵվԡ
ΪǱͲѹʹ𣿿ͳһǴֻҪܽõķʱЩʲô
Ƽһ´ʺһʱЩסˣôҲû뵽Сã˵ⷬ
Щһ£ͨ͸ܷеȴһ¡
Ȼֵûͨ͸£Сִֻõͨ͸ˡ
һʱﾲ˭Ҳûע⵽ĶվһԾƬ̣¶Цݡ
֪Ҳ֮ңӵ
ſ빰񣬱ֹˣڵĻȥһ䣬κ˿
޲ĵ˵ͷ־վһᣬתˡ
ȴڽֵգķ˵ȷʵˣˣҲͷˡʱˣȻذɣʡүġҺ˵仰Ҳˡ
һֵĻС˵ͷƳƼתˡ
ƼıӰᡰߡһһûĵ㿴
ĻҲûдҲйָпֻǡɼˡ
Ƽ򴽣û˵ЩҲǲֻǱսɳЩѾֲѪˣܽīܶݡ
ˣˡֻǸᴳĺˣЩıͨ͸˵ҲûȷʵݲƼˣЩҲϸ˵Ҳסɺ˴Ҳˣܡ
ƼҧҧʣǱôˣ
Ҳֲ̫ˣ֮ǰͱΧ˺üˣɱΧˡǿֻų׾ø׳Ͷˡε˵
ƼݺݴӱǿߡһǻϲɾԮˣ
֮ǰսܵϢ;սϢһʱ̵˾սܵϢΪϻδþ񣿡

 128 


Ƽ⻰һϼ⶯£ҧҾͲŻ׷١
ȴٱǰ˾ǰǿīġԤϼпֹܻˣ黹֮ǰī͡
ƼȻ̧ͷһĲš
Ƽŵ£ڻһºˡ
ʵڹϣīһ⣬Ը黹ٺ֮ǰһȥĻ졢ݣͬʱƷƲŮīͣ޺ãٽս
սתʵͣīȻϲóڳ飬㼺ȴһΪӦ˳ƶΪӦڵ͡
ҲҪӦˣȴʱյһ顣
бʾ˾ֻǻ֮ơɺƼҵϽ٣ٽȫץʧʮһʱ۽ҲҲʵĽսԲŻ֮ߡպ󻺹ضٴη
޳͵󣬶ǽӦҪʤ׷޷֮
л˵ʹ黹ǳҲаսջһҪΪīĺԱ衢ݡ
¾״ʧԸλ⴦á
ԣһʼҲӦ͵ͣҡˡ
Ͼռ꣬һֱܵĳǩ񲻵ոһһϴǰܵķݣ͵ʵܴ
󵽶ʱԵĲȥǺв
Ǿһ᲻°ô죬ȻδԼʧɱϾǴ£ֿʼˡ
ҪܸԸ裬ֵѹõˡ
ֽóôڳһ顣
ŵݣһĺһһǱ˷۱Ĵ󣬳ֲ̬ͬȡ
һ֧Ϊүս֤ոݣ޳ɼ
һˣ֮ǵıǶ̫һˡǣʧˣǱ͵ĺͿץסεĻᣬݺݴѹܷ
ʤˣʵͳϵŴӴ˱ԶԼôҲûа취ԿǺͼԸǸģĵļԼҲֹ̬ȡ
͵ȴһӣѯյ
Ǹ㼺֮ǰͬǣ˴Щ۲ݡ
ȿһ뷨֮˴ηĬˣƺºûйϵһƳһû˵
ֻҪͷǿڼɵر̾ͽΪϳá
Ȱ׶ѡ͵ͣʱȥһˡ
ʤˣպʵͻԶѹסԼҲƥˡ
ֻһ룬;Ĵġ
һһƱ棬ȴ˭Ҳ˵˭ͳһ󻹵ɻʵþϣķҡڲ
̧۳һ۸մӱʤĪ֣ʼճĬδһԣ뷨
ѯʣĪ䣬ξ񣿡
ĪִĵױѶϵĻʵۣǹ쳣ֺԡԼֵΪӦүԣ͡
Ŷ͵˵˼ᶨԭ
ԭȻΪүȫոˣУĵ
Ϊүߡ̧ͷͣЦү˾״Ϊβţ
鿴Եĸⲻְͬʾ룬ʾԼİѱѹˣʹĪζĿⱳĺ⣬һʱڳҲϸʣֻܰ˼˳ʡ
Ȼһʱ޷ͳһ˳ɣϡ˵ͱվ
Ԫϸ˳ͼʵ۶ʹ˸ɫ⣬˵ͷŵ˳
仰󣬱׷ƲȥԪϿ첽ĪӣЦĪȥһ鷿
Īֵ˵ͷá
һᣬĪֱݼ鷿ͿھʣĪ䷽ǻָ
ĪЦҪ׽ͣӮΣ治Ը˵ôϻ
֮׾Ƿ˵Ȼү˾״ΪβţʤˣīĽ˻ϵʥܸݺݴѹĳЩڳϺͻǰ档
ˣү˵λϴãʹĴȲԳʹ֮ǰʢǱסˣҲ˼ǡϽʧȥݸġ
ԣϲصǡ
ͱιôŵĶ裬ʱմáЦһĪ䣬ǰ޵һƬİ޵ŹǺĸ
Īֳ˳ǣޣҵ
Ϳĵĵ˵ͷĪֵļоȢĪֵãԼıⲽߵʵ̫ˡǶ˵Ĺϵ£ס˸˲źĸ׵ǿʵõġ
һʱЩȸԾЦã޽Ͱʥּԣ

յʥּͬʱ򣬲е⣬Ͼ⼸ڳҲһЩԼοĪڰ
ֻյһϢͬʱҲյһϢϢΪ֡һֱسǲƲˡ
ǰһҲˣΪӱɺżսƲŲģúͲˡ
һƼ׽Ҳһֱйע״̽˵һֱǺúõģû뵽ȴͻȻˡ
һ£ȻоԼ޷񽻴뿿ΧͶļƻвͨˣٲǿĲˡ
ǿȴ֪᲻ǰڤ粻ѳϾϱԼûߵһǰһֱδֵ˵Ҳ˽⣬ûʮþȱסİա
⼸գһֱڿ¡ǿ֮ǰȺ˵һ£Ͼסġ
˵ײ˵ʱľǿһ̾вõĸо
ǰҰһҽտҽʿͽΪȥﲡȴˡҽʿðɡ
еҽʿβĲ룬سǡҲͶˣҪȥˡ
˵ŵƽͻԼĺµǡ񱻶ƵʺϵۡΪⱲӺܶ¶ˣ׵ĽҲ䣬ĸ硣ȴû뵽ˣѵҪǰĺ󳾲ɣ
˲ߵӣµۼˣο㲻Ҫ£һƴȫ㸸׵ģµģȼһҽʿﲡ
ǵģ㲻ҡͷײûͨڶԴսİţ϶͢϶ڻսܱīǸ׵ˣŻȥΪβģβĲ
˶٣ֵȥȥٳȥȥȰȰ
ҡͷɣսϵ£Ҳȥðա
ʲôΣգҵĵοԽҲҪһ氡ѾδˣˡҸӦȥ
ܾŵүȥҾȥҿ͵ȥ
ңȵС̫ˣвˡ
㿴ҸҲҡί֮ǰҲҪȥΪ׻ᰲȻĳʱȻˣвȥĵ˹ҿңҾ;ʳ
˲޻ˡ֪
ּӲʩүˣţұ֤Լµģ㵣ĵҲҵðôġһȰ˵Ͷġ
֪ʲô£Ͳ
үҵҿ²𣿡
û˵ֱ̫˽Լˡʱ֪ǸϲǸǡ
һ޸֮СŮʲô֤οǻ㸸ס֪ҵº̬һǿӲʲô
ôûУҿ
ͷһҪֵҵС۰ˣΪΪβ׷ܵ£֪Ҳ빬ңȫңŻô˸ļ϶ΪңֻҪһвܿʹˡ
ңòүòãϹȥֱҪˣˡ
֪ǲǺԼһС۵޿κΡҪǣԣͶ㲻Զˡ
εջǴӦ󣬲ȴֻһʱ䡣հȥڶհδǿӳ
˺ģͷӦˡʱп̣㱻ͽ˴ٳǡ

 129 


Ǳڵ̽ӳҹɫ͵͵Ӧǵġ
££ϵ磬϶ñָ̽·̫ظȥ
˵ʱĩȵĺܣʱ죬Щɪɪ
Ž¹⣬һշľسǣоʱ¶࣬͸ɪԺį
һƬֻŸոҹ·ϾѾûˡżһҲɫҴң͸ɥ
ٳڵȥһ·зᶼŴ̻Ҳȫͣҵ
ϲְ̻Ϣֻ·Ա¹Ͷӳ֦ڻζɳɳ紵Ҷڷ衣ĵǸİס
żĿΪԼ˹ǣĸ׾ʵҪһֱš
񱻺ݺݴһ£۵Ľһš
££磬ӶסԼǿЩһ
Ȼһ̫ظȥ
ͷүͨһȥ̫̽شˡժ¶ñԸŵ˵
һۣҹδټ̽
룬ʱ䲻ϾʱڣϿЩҲ⣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôӻͳһöСС׹ݵǰ
δټȷмˣ󲻵áԻүתȥһ֪
üӹе׹ϸ˿ֻϸɫԲ󣬲Ǹͨ׹ֿ˿Ҳʸ߹ȻѰѯµġ
ȻһһۣԷҲ˵ͷſڵһȰɡ
֣ãͷүˡ
׹˾ʱʱڹ׹ϴϺΪϣƽ˳졣
Щ׹δŵҲһϳ׹
ȻյĹ㼱Ҵҵĳˣ󻹼һˡ˲Щ鸡һһֱͣĿš
ϸһۣ̾ϳĸơ
һʱĲܲˣѷɱƵĻ

ƻûļ˵òӾͱ˸סˣֻԼ֪ԼδĽŮˡ
ֻһȵľԽˣһʱЩͣ˸оζҪȳƵá
æıΪ˳˺һᣬֹס
ϸǰˣһװ磬ȴǷֳЩлһģһ
Ρ̧ḧķСϲӯһʱˣɤ˵һ仰
˺һԼɵӣ⼸ܵȥˣ㡭
ļҲ棬Ŷ˵ˡ
ĴıοˣˣĪˣӦø˲ǡ죬ҽݣϸ𻰡
ŵ˵ͷƵĿһᡣ
Цų⺢ӣ˻СʱһõĨӡ
񻹳ţôһ˵ҲЦˡƵĸ첲ͷļŽһͬԺȥ
ݣƱңֻʣ¸Ůˡžϸò
ʱ䣬Եϡ޶˺Щ׷ҲЩˡ
Ҳݲ٣Ѱݣȧʣûյģ׿Ȼķˡ
һʹ
ƷϣĿͷŮТʱӻ飬õ꣬𷣡
˵ߵͷȥ
ۿһɬ̾һɵӣȥ¾ĪҪˡΪڻŵʱ򿴵㣬֪ƽϲ־źˡ
̧ͷеƽ£ȵγԣ᳤ġ
ƽЦҡҡͷ˵ֿæˮı˳
ư˰ֹ֣ס׺˿ڲ裬ָָԵӣ
ҡͷҾվڵߡ
Ц⺢ӡ
кúҽΣ
úˣձܺãʲô󲡣ĪҪġ
˳ǣ֪ײϺԼ˵ʵԽѹĬĬͷ
ƿһʱҲЩζĬһ˲ѹеɬôǵģīΧͨһ㣬񶼷ɲȥһֻôģ
̧һۣû֨
Ƶ˵ͷѾȻ˭ܰŽء
ʵлɵӳȻһѶ鲻οһصīʱˣʱǲ˵˭ݵţص̶ֳȵĲ˭
ʵЩҲʣֻҪ֪ƽͷˡ
⼸һֱһ𣿡ʡ
ҧҧ´ʱıҪǵ˵ͷ
ȻǡƵȷʵǸ֮ǰʱҾ֪ƽӹ֮ĻȻƫһ硣ĳɾͣҲ̶꣬Ǹܳɾһµˡֻϧεҡҡͷû˵ȥ
ֻϧʲô׷ʡ
ƿһۣЦֻϧǴĵˡΪãȻƾڵпʵһͳ
ҪһͳҪĹ𣿼ȻһͳˣͳΪһһҵİգһҵĳ񣬲ٷôĹ磬㲻ôķ
ļһǺĵˣȴû뵽ƽֻСŮд˷⡣ٿЦˣȷʵˣ̸۹Ҵˡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦֺͶ£ӦҲ֪˰ɣ
ϵЦȥ˵ͷͻȻͺۿֳ֪ôˣ
ǺܺãīľӪϱصġ
ֵ˵ͷ̾ʱҲҲˣҸǣպҲԹˡ
²ΪΪġЩҲͿ˵ģǲǣ
ü뵽Ѱ˸ͷԼų뵽Լɺ˧Χ֮Щ᲻ס
ϾΧڳãܶϢͨ˵Ϊɻָ
һ۸ף˵ڼɵƼңдѹ뷨ˣЩ֪ĶԲԣɺҲ岢˼˴λƼء
֪ɺĴһ˵أǾͱżˡҴսʱȥɺҪԮɺǵûɳһһ䣬֮˸ˡ
ԣøսɳ
Ȼȷʵ֪Ҳû뵽еǰЩ˾¡
˭Щģ֣
κ˸ңЩϱӾ֪ˡºڶ˹ֻЩû취˵ˣ񰵰롣
ǴֺͶ˵ʱ͵ġҧҧ´ûΪһʱ嶯мƣǵҲвɺԮҲᱻ׽ֵһ֪ģӢսɺⲻԮܵô죡ЩΪġ
ƾĬһ˲ͷתһߣŴڵҹɫȻֿʼ
æȥıĪҪ
ư˰֣޷Щ˺Ҳ͸ˣھͱ
˵͵ģʡ

 130 


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ΪβеΪ˴ٳڵİղս𲨼ΪسǵĽʿٺսΪõ̫ƽ򿪳ţɡ
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˵ڻܶĲˣȥ¶һ֣Ҳõ
ȣáӦšƺ뿪ЦǸĲϲȫɷӲʵˮƽŶʱɱСˡ
ЦˣûȴˣԹ˵
ϣ񻶿Ӧһתȥ
ƿŮȥıӰӯо⼸ӦùĺܲӶ˾ʱѿЩסǡ
ܿ죬Ĳһ˽鷿ƿϵЩζȣһ˵ο㡣
񿴸׳Եĺ٣㲻ͣĸŲˣԵ㣬̶ˡ
Ƶ˵ͷһӷŽ
ǴˣСʱȲֵˣھܸˣ˵ζȷʵڲ֪ͬʦŰ׽ŪȤ
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ƹЦСͻᶺԼģһµǰķƳ嵭˲١ЦЦͻȻ͸оеᣬСŮֺܾ֮ûܹˡ
˷׵һյ裬ʣҪҪȥɻЪϢЪϢ
ҡҡͷۣ˷Ҳڵ߿ˣȥĴתһתʳ⻹е¶ȥѰ㡣

 131 


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̫֮ش򿪳Ϊīǵʱ޲ұ棬Ͼ˭ϰƽӣοǰٳǱǴīġ

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ЦӭǰȥվڳĹһݣڣƴˡ
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ҡҡͷҹȶһ˽ǣƴúֳǷ
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һۣˣ㵣ĵҲǶֻ࣬ʹֶεˡ꣬˽ġ
Žŷĵĵ˵ͷһδԶƣЦүȥɣɵȼˡСĻᰲźе¡
һۣѧʲôӣԽԽûأҴȤˣͷʰ㡣
Žٺһ֣ͷСĴˡ
ûתһΪ˳񣬴󲽳ȥ
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ƿһۣݣûܾ˵ͷ߰ɣ»ظ˵
ǡֵ
мĿʵݣʹǽԭǸλȨصĴ˾ҲôŵεģΪԼ
Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦһο
һ̫ظƾ͵Ȼطɡ
Ŷе㵣е㿪ĵĿǶһ̵ۣˡ
үȥ鷿ɣл㡣
ǡ

ڷȵĺżȥ˺üΣȴһֱûǳϰµģȹϵϡ
С㻹𣿡ҹչӹѾ˺üˡ
ҲԣҵǴ𣿡
澸ոտʳнݣӦء
һ̸Ӧò
ϷɣĲҪˡ
ǣȥá
ϴ꣬ǶȥЪˡȻܳȥ˿鷿ɽšȥ͵͵һûǸӣ˻
òװʱУϤĽŲ

 132 


æ򿪷ţ̽ͷһۣԺˣһѽ˽
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ļĻ˼죬Ĵĸ첲ƾšϧ˺ų鲻ֻŷ
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ͬˡΪ㸸ˣѴ򶯵ĻĸףԹңԸ⽫ңû뵽ȴһͷӦʵġ
Уҵεȵؽ󡣡
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ǵޣʲôʲô
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˵ͷЦЦ
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սĽæµһҪٵĺһ߻ҪŲʣո졢ݵսƻ
ֻȥһ˵غ󣬾Ҫȥսˡ

һ͸Ȼݰɣ߹Ҫȥˣ޷һ𡣶һҪ˽㸸ѺؾѰ˸ڸƺˡǴٳǲٴˡ룬Žǻݲġʣµսһսپǰȥ㣬ȻǺ㸸һؾ
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ҪǶڸڻûף΢е㶯ǿߣֶҾҪˡ˵ϴβǱҪһ𣿡
ʧĽͷļһϵܰ㣬סСԼ壬ǴҲ㣿µҪݲ¡ڱ̵ĺࡣ
Сһ壬ʱǺ⡣ЦһƲͷȥֻһžµĲû֨
С糺죬ǣ֪ĬˡһϲץС־Ͱȥ

պһ˱ŽĻ£һºصݡ
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ʵЩûر׽ģԽʱѾûĸף˸˾λɩɩֶˡ
׺ֳ谮ɩɩЩʣټϵʱһִ˸ⱣصĹŴҲѳЩɩɩǶرϲƽʱӴҲͱȽ䵭֮䲢ûжٸ顣
ټҲƽ¶еˣû̫ǿϲЦտǿģδôĹˡ
ֳҲ˳µıŽᣬһžۡ
ø׸ȥסģƿǵڻҪݣ֮ԼϾǽס̫ϹأˣҲҪסᡣ
ƿ¸ǰʰõԺ䣬䲻ܺʹǰ˾ȣҲɾδڼֻ֣ʱʱýðЩĸһЩ

 133 


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ЦˣȤƹȥһˣ°Ư˵ҲѧƯˡ
ƹһЦ
Ŷˣм°вƹİҴ԰ӣҪһЩģԺһЩġҪá
Ȼպ󻹲֪ᱻΰţڣܶԼҲ̫ġģǾøպ
ܲһֱסҪиԼļҡȥҰµʣҲԼĴӪչҲ㡣
԰ǲסҪ԰ӣ
⵹ǣΪģ»豣ܣҪñ֪԰ӣҪҸҳ档
Щ꣬ܵʤҲԼԼоҲǸͨˣܶƺܲ㣬Ҫ˳档ˣʱһӴˣżͶ䣬ѾǸŮˡ
ʱ侪֣뵽ҵҲûܱȵϵģҲûʲôùǵˡ
װʲô֪˵ǸദԺܶ£ֻҪԸհ죬Ӳʡ
ãҷģЩ¶ǡ
мЦЦлˡ
ƹһûˣ֮ǰ˶ϵҲ̶ܶδҲ˵κò׼棬һ˸ס
춼ˣƹ˴ǣغԺЪϢŽˡ
ӣһšŽ԰֪Ȥô˵¶˸ζЦ
һЦ֪š
ÿӮһ̣ÿոһǣͻһšǵˡ
Ҫ𣿡˷ܵʣæӹŽеţ
ʱ㣬ʹ˳ٿ죬ҲӦûزոԭīݣү״֤ģҪĽԱݡôͻء
ȻŽԣ˵Ȼޱδᣬһʱزп궼޷ˡǸ⣬Ҳ˵˼
˵ҪǰصģһʧԼаһ
ŽһɫȤ֮ǰӶҲүˣȻôֻһ¶ѣӦòɣ
ݺݵһۣһûᣬ㵹ˡûѣҵʱˣȴֻүҷĳˡ
ŽЦһ£Ҳ߲ȫΪ˽ģҲүľְڣܷߣ˵ʱˣڲûڵĳӶˣүôõķȥ㸸ƴ˶Ǽүˣվͽˡ
˷ۣͬ𣿾ǵ»ûأ˭Ӧˡ
˵ǵ£ɨұδᡣǰЩʱ볣ʤͨʱһ䣬֪ݺӵĸ˭ˣ
˭ͷһ˵ҪģһϢлЩ
Ӳ²˭Ӧûʶ
Ķ⻹ʲô𣬻¡ھʶ˱Ͳ࣬˾͸ˣһ˵ľ͸ˡ
˵ӡ
ŽٺһЦȻ¶һĲмͼڽǱݵĶӷ񡣹㻹ǵɣ֮ǰүӳǸߡһӶүճ֣ƾûǵĻ·ˡ
ʱһ˫۾ԲȻô¿϶ǲ²ġ
ȥһһΣ˰򸮵ͻϡû뵽ĪǴιϵģҡͷЩţЩ˼Ǵιϵģ
ôǹǣߴŰԭ²ԹҼүΪ㣿ȴԹҪ뿪ҼүװΪǼµĿ࣬Ҽүԩ
ŽΪү겻ƽҧͺҳȥ˵û˽ģ˽Ķûˣһһү»ûأΪƲϵⱲӶֻүѣ
˵ʲô⸱ܻӡĻоҲ
ŽŴЦţ춼ִĻҪһ̵ûӰˡ
ôһ֣Ƶ鵹٣ԶıӰ΢΢һЦȥת˺Ժ

ո֮׾ٵոīʧȥݡŴʤһֱӹĵݣݵͬʱʵ֧ս̫Ϊ˸ձߪΪƷ佫ĪЭͬս
˽֪͵ͼĪ־ģֵܶ˼󣬱˴ӹһЦͶ뵽սС
̫˵Ķ֣֮ҲûƵ͹δһձܿ첻гͶ˹ռ˳ǳء
ĪִʿһصݣĪ֡˼תսȥһǳشݡ
ʵڿҪĽԱݵʵȻҲԴСɳһԱ佫ȥԮ
ڵʮƺƵĺԱ
ûѡֱӲӲȥ֧Ԯݣȥոձīµĵݡ
ڲȥܴǲǻʧأֻ֪ڵݱޣֻҪܶµݳǣԼξ˴
ǷسʿĺֿĹʵ⣬ڳ˼պվУæȥ֧Ԯ
ӵʱǹ´ݵĵڶ죬Īִһıȥ֧Ԯݣɴһȥݡ
ϧղ꣬ղʧ˵ݳǣʣĲоѰ
֪ʵвְأԲû˳ͷ
ȴò¸ıսƻĪһΪֻȽ˺󷽵ſټ¹ǡ
ȫٷݡ
º󣬵¹Уսܺ󣬲ûгĽԱһ·ӣƹݣ˴ϵݡ
¶µݺҲҪȥݵģһ·׷н
һº󣬴ݣôפڳʮﴦպȫݳǡ
ҹ˧ĴɵƻͨĪֺɰ깥ݵս󣬱㿪ʼڰдŵš
иԼܹܿݣȻ۵ӱָտɴˡϴһգۼȥ࣬ҲδһǸΣ˼һҪúðϧ壬չ˺ļ⣬ҪҪչ˺ԼĪҪġ
յź󣬿˺ü飬ձɹĵȸԾڴ
ǵ˰£δκйҪϢЩġ
ָһѯյ߷ʱ֪սб䡣

 134 


ԭдŵĵڶȥݣ̫īлԤϣŲĪֺɴīձ㹥²ռ˳ǳء
̫غʣĲоһ·έ£һ;¶կīĹ̡һȥٴԮ
û뵽ǳôͱ£һʱŭġ
ȳʵȫ沿Ȱɣִɳ˻ȥ֧ԮͼŴոݡ
ֱսһֱڴέ²
ֻҪͲܽݶ¡Ⱥţ׼ʱٶһϮ
ȻûʲôϮĪֺɽľկһʱȴڴέֹǰˡ
ԭǴέ⴦죬һƬ½еʪأֻҪݽȥضס԰Σֻűоնɱ
һʱ㱻ʪظסˣѣֻڴέⰲӪկƲߡ
һ󣬱ǰࡣ
ţ֪һʱҲزˣһС꣬ȻоҲܴߴ٣ֻڻж˼
̵˵˼ԼֿοԼԼݵ
ҧűͷ룬ŵĩβ˼䣺
˵ʪصƲֹǰ֮ǰ˵ߴտԿԽʪأ֪ǷĻа
аǱ㼫ã㿭

ǰյŵģÿοд̫̣ȼ䣬ûһͿˣһ㶼񫡣
дŶдҳֽһδźһʱĲͬʱ⡣
ٴλдЩʱ⣬侳ĸоӵǡЩоҲһѪȵĵ⽣ӰУΨһеõ¡
ÿοϧ᲻ÿһһֵһ仰ζһ£ٿһ¶Ρ
ȴ֮ǰԳһЩҲζΪ滹׺żȴֺܾϲĻ
û뵽Сﾹ˼ʶ㣬֪տԽʪءǰ˺̫СԽʪʱ׽סոߴȳ׿ԽЩƣԼδ뵽
֪˼ƿУڿ仰Ѱȥƽݣ˰֮ǰʱսɵǰ˰ͷմ
ȥһǼͷձ㱻ݡڸߴյİ£ī׾ٵĿԽʪأ֮󣬲գ㽫նɱ˴έ¡
֮ԮҲʯͶУֻ΢˸ˮƯ˸Ӱͱīһնɱ²
ʱһ֮սԲˡŴ飬صʱµס
ôפݳ⣬ףһһҹⲻޣʾ͡
Ī֡ɡ񿪵ĵȥ칦磬ȻҲһͬƿ¡ȴڳף
˶ȥȻ֪ҲղŹôúһ٣ǵ˺öӲˣҪõľơ

ջӪկ͹ٱĪǼλȥ칦磬Ȼܻظһظʱ϶ͻҲżˣԡپĴ磬Լġĵ
źԡͰиO@ĽŲΪ£˾䣺ԡ
ûȴûûˣԽԽõﶼЩˣĵĸôʶȤҪ˼ϴʱ
ֻ˼ȥţһ⾹ûˡ
֪û˸ϷŪģΪǳʲô£ѯʣͻȻſһߴӰŵĿȻһ
ܵʱһϤҡĪ¡
񶨾һԭǰδû뵽ܻô磬ʱ־ϲ̧СȭͷʵţЦţү㻵ˡ
׽С֣ĵķڴףһѽͱݣ˳š
˵ԡⶺ㣬û뵽ˣҲáôûҪҪһϴ
ߣ͸ŨŨĳ磬ͷģȴ˵Ƿǽ͡
Ц˳һסԼһ֣˾ͽһ𡣡ôûˣǿ㻹ýͱ𣿡
үȻлϽͣҺ¡ЦϷʡ
ǡɱֻϡҪĽ͡˵һ˿ڡ
׵Һʹ쿹顣үſҡ
ʲôţ뱻ˡ˵߳ڵ½׾ҵԼҪģҧ˱
Ū飬ЦţͷͬʱģˣҴˣз˰ɡ
Źʲôз˰ɣӦ𣿡˵ּЩ
֪ˣҲˡЦĻ֦ҲҰɣһûϴء
ЦɿĿ飬ȥŽԡ
ͷһԼؿڣŭ㿴кˣһҾˡ
Žˮͷɨһѩ׻ԲСظЦʲôͷ㡣˵Ҳ_ӵ񣬽Լ˸ɾҲ˽ȥ
ͦԡͰһˮʱӵˣˮҲȥ١
үռҵĵأҶûˡ
үҵĽŵۡ
ү֣ë׵ƿҪϺ
ԡͰšˮŪ̧ˮ֮ռ˾ˡ
ˮˮһӣ湻ˣҲ
濿ԡͰԵɢ⣬ĿĵĿʩ
ҧҧ´׻Ĳˮ˹ȥﰡûֹ𣿡
΢ЦһΣԼСϡоЩ߳ܣ䶯ŲҪȥ
סϸһԼϣҶʲôĻ
ʱˡ
͵͵Ц
ĸ߳ˣå컹ûſͱסˡݺ˱࣬Ҫ븹ƵãҲ᲻ˮ
ò̾Ϳʼ
Ļ䣬ԼҲѪӿԾľͼЩӵǶгߺ
к޷ʱһѽ𣬽
û뵽ôһƺһ˲䲻ˣݵĵ
ЦԼ
ȻͷһĶ߳ͣ뿹ô֪տԹʪصģ
Ҿ͸㡣˵š
ǡˣͻȻֲ֪ˡ
У֪ãܸܲԼִʱ֪ʪҰգԲ뵽İɡ
ֺС͵͵Цˣһѽ¼⳶˿һߵߵȥʼվû뿪
Ȼ󳶹ӽһǣһӣ˵ʩչĿ˶٣ʣϲ𣿡
ʱߵ˫糺죬ֱۣĿҡͷĺƤԼŲҪ˵һ仰
ϲ⸱СշȻЦ


 135 


ȥߺֱգ궼ûкúҪˡмǴΰȵĻͷβĿнеģһ㶼ˡ
ֽۣ緢Ѫյ壬֪ҡһҹûͣЪ
ܲסˣűģŵԱŹڶ˯һգ۵ˡ
»û𣬱ֱֽҡѱֻ˯Է壬Щʡûͷ
Ժҡͷߺˣ
ȴɷ˵һѽ䣬Ƥº󣬱뱧ѡ
ڻе˵㸸ֿҪЦ㣬߳˵
񺬺ţʲôϵҲ
˭˵ⲻ𣿡
һ飬ˡأ
ЦˣƭģȻѡ
һСȭϣõġˡ죬үûˣҪǿһҪҪ
ôܻڱﲻҲúõġ
һүǲһ
ﲻһʣǲǱǸ׽ЩԲܼ˽Сģ
̲סһЦУүٳ
ȴЦһѽ˻ͷʣкκЦģ˵Һ㸸˭һЩ׽˭
һۣЦʣ˭СӣȻôɵ⡣ҸֵĴҲԣ
ЦˣˣŹ㡣
ϿЬ˴Ҫճ˾ԶԶġ
ȥһɣº㸸Ҳס̫ˣЩʱգһ꣬Ǳһؾˡ
ϴ̧ͷʣҪ£ؾǲ°ɣ
߹ȥķңϣģµġվȥǶպ뷨ǲǹĽΪ٣ھǣҵĳУҲǾܵ˵Ͼϵ΢Ƕ˳ɼô졣
էоЩЦϸžζϴߵĲӵлүΪϸϸ㣬ǸмģҵҲīʱ³ֵĻҡǲһֻŸ߹ٺ»ˣȻҲĿġ
۵СһڣЦܵм޺ˡ
ЦŴһ£µĻ֪ܷܲǻأΪð˸԰ӡ
ȻôðЩˣ²ӦȥʾõĻᾹȥˡ
ЦһȤүǰһŸ߹ĵȻģôǰʲô˼˵ʲô¶˼ʱҶɸ͸ڵǲͬһˡ
ǰҲСèһÿճƤСǰʱǳЦɿˣʱĲŮˣô˵
,Ŷԭ
ԭԼ˽ʵһ棬ֻᱩ¶޼εǰ
ûķСԹϣնЩʲô
ٺһЦѻүܲøֻصݣס԰ӡ
С°ͣģһᾡ˵ϣסݡ
ĵһ§ŲһڣЦҾ֪ҡ
סЦˣѹϣΪ㸸ֵ¾ܸ˳ţҵ¿ûôĹ
үӢʲôҪȥ˵ҪȥԶ
ݺڣĵôƫģϻôʰ㡭

պɢ۵ˡҪ̤µ̣һ˻ؾ
˵ʵǺܴؾǵģһѣϲҲûˣȫ
ΪҲŻؾҪˡ
һĥĥʰʰһӡҪЩһīҪˡ
ĵװ̾һ˽ᵽϣһԣ˵ȥ֮ǰͺˣʲôùܡҰ鴦Ժ󣬻һȷĽ㲻õģҲ÷ơ
죬˵ĵ򵥣ȥͻῴЩˣЩ£ôֲܲװϹӡ
ίСٴϣһ̺ľ̺ͱĲҰ׵ɫ˾һƵġ
ǿѹɬһһǣٴεǸԲԲҵĴίˣұ֤պҲˡ
ﲻܣ¹ȥôãЩҲˣ֮ǲü˵óѡ
ǹ󷽵˵ˣҲҵΣϾݺҴˡҡŽûк˵һȥμͻʱǹһģԡ
΢΢ЦЦǲǴβҪҪ˼ܻ취ҵᡣ㲻Ҫ˼룬޸ɣΪơ
ȷʵΪһţȳӬо˶ģͶ񺮲ѡ
˵ͷ֪ˣ߰ɡʡøڳſڵȼˡ
˵ͷ˱һš
⣬ͣ˼ָָ˵ϳ˵
˳߿һۣԶվĪ֣Ƽֵܻɣ˵ŻЦ
Ĳ£ݵľ£ƿݵǶ˲뾩еġ
ҲǰɺƿµλĴ׾ʹ죬ͷ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ͸⿴һۡ
ڲԶԼǵ˵
ƿЦŶĪֹ˹֣үͽһ𣬹ҪúټүĪҪౣ壬ȥһ·˳硣ĸǰЩʱųڸĺܺãҺǸмүԼĸϡ
ЦЦˣЩͲض˵ˡ̷ңıǡ˵һȥҪΪִ飬ʱ׸ҲҪȥأʱҲھǶסգ֡
ƿ¹ЦأлүΪܲˡȻתͷ˵ھĪҪүӣһЩҪĸ߾Т
ƲƲ죬Һʱˣܰϲ𣿴ѵңǺͰɩԼСӰɡ
ûûСƿ³
˵ȫЦˡЦ
תͷɣɸæЦ˹֣үһ·ߡ
˵ͷ΢ЦҲЦһսҲˣҲСˣҲÿǳɸҡ
ǡɵû뵽˵лүġĩҲû˼պ˵ɣҲҪźһ˵Щ
ȴŴȤǰֵܣȷʵϱˣȻʣˡҲҲһ
ûĶһ磬ȥһȥ˭һϱԡ
ٴιЦΨһԵţûôЦһɣһﲻỹڴʲôɣ
޵ͽӣȴɫֶ˲پȥһ϶۹͡ɺ˵
лүΡͬ
šˣʹ˸ɡȻתͷĪֵḬ̄ɣʱҲˡ
Īֵ˵ͷǡ
Ȼɡƿ·ֱǹͱ
Īֺ˵˼仰ȻתҲ
үôĪһȥʡ
Լƣ㡣
ǵһ˳ǣҲͬвͺˡգ˵
ɣ㸸ֺһߣһ·ʲôӣ㿴Ůģǿͻûкúý㡣
񣺡
ҿ԰װֲûȡ
֮ǰھӪûа취ôеĽŮ紵ɹأ϶Ҳúչ㡣
񣺡
Щʣүûз֣̫Ŀˣ
һ˿Ц͸һ⣺û취ӡ̫ˣҲƻ˵ĿֱӹغҺʱȢ㡣

ˣԭϱء

 136 


µףһ˱˾
ĴݣĪִȥĳ͢Ҳø˾ǡ
˴ι龩ֻмһЩӶѣھǰҲǼֵ߲ģԲû𾩳ڵĹעΧۡ
ҲĿΪ֮Ҫ͵£Ҫĳ֮ҪһƼ顣
ǺĪֱֱӽ˹ȥȥƸ˰źúȺһ
һ븮ţʤֺϲһǰЦӭǶ
ٴοϤһУ뵽Լʱľʹ࣬Щζ
ϲǷԷθϲ֮齫ⲻĸо嵭˲١
ǶΧţһһ˵Żȥ
˸ɫȥǰԺһƫʣ£ȫˡ
ʤĻصүˣؼϣݺǲϡ֮ǰûвºһ
üһۣʤæס죬ڨڨЦЦʱûҶ̣֮һ£ǳѾүҩ£ȴһŲϡرǹں£ôʣһҧүġ
һɶл룬Ĳ
ʤ˵ͷڽһЦ˵ү˵ǣһĻúӵСүء
Ȼֵ¾ҸѰٲ֤ǶʱʶйƵͬʱʶͷҲˣҲݺȥγǱլȥʱլѾˡ
δҵֱӵݣܶ϶˹һıµġʶͷλҲ׽ʵģʵү⡣
ЦһʲôʶʲôˡǰƶʵӲк˺üҩʹһ˺ӣ˸³
ܸɳҲΪ棬ʹҲԩ
ڷ붼롣
ǶˣݺһУȥҲˡעⲻҪй¶ȥ˵֪ԽԽãҲܵڸһӰ졣
ʤֵǣүġݺϣûֱָ֤Ƕˣһʱýء
ȻȷΪȻа취ǣ÷֡µΪֹٲˡݺһڵġ
ʤǣˡүһ·࣬ȺúЪϢұȸˡ
˵ͷ

һսո˶ǰʧȥݣݣҲǴīһüԴͼϲ֮Ա
»˷ܵģǼǰʵʹá
ʹ߲˴Ľ鱦棬㳵ŮͱڲٶĺԱݣӴĺΪ߽磬սīٽؽ֮õԸ
ԴʿС̬ȹ̶֮ȣһֱڱѹµ͵ĺͺʤģõǰδе㡣
֮࣬ʾԸٽؽ֮ãѹõǽӴ
鷿üɫֻǵһЦ˳ֵĹάһӢ
ʵڴʲôƵġ۽Ԫһʱǻڳʤ׷ȥǰʹīáʱǵ̬Ⱥ䱰ԼĵƾͲȥۺųƳˡ
ҲûôȥֻҪδȬܷ֮ǰ˱ɡҪĻȰѹڵĴ󷽰ƽȶ֮ܰĵȥչĺͼΰҵ
ϣҲΪؽ֮áȶ߾ĺ¡Ȼ˹У룬ǴīҲʾһ³⣬ΪΣʵ
ŶšʵҲ뷨ֻ⼸æһʱδ˵ϣ簢Ƚ뷨˵
ֵΪȻǽؽ֮ãβЧؽ͵ǻۣīҲһ֮ãҲܸñĺƽ
ŶšȷʵǸ⡣͸˼ü˼Ƭ̣˵̫ףҲû޵ġһʱºҵʵѡ
ЦЦֻһˣʺ˾ͽİáͻݶܺʡ
ʶ
ûΪ޸ڣ۵λͶƥ䣬Ҳһμѻ
ͻȻͻȻһ֣˵԰һʱͿδ뵽Ҳǲѡ񡣡
飬ǺõĲٺˣ롣
벻ʲôƲ֮׽ءֻҪŴµϢɢȥԼĿĺܴܿˡ
պǿභԼ֮ɣǺܿͿԳȥЩرȨԼ׷ˣ
֪бҪǺ«ʲôҩ뵽֮ȥף̫ˡ˳ˮ۵Ҳ֮Ҹʹ졣ͻȻӿһϲ
ǿסҪЦĳ嶯ǵ˵Ȼ֮ǰõļⱦһ²ͬɣ
ǳһţֻȨҵʧ֮ͬİˡ
͵˵ͷȻ˼֣¾ô˰ɣޱּÿʹ߽ϲѶʡ
ЦЦӢ

صԺʱԺаŪ֮ǰֵЩݡ
ôȵ죬ҲɹƤݡ
ô绹ȥѲءЦ
ϵ㲻˵ˣƹ𣿡
ǲѽ¿ĵܹҪȥӪô
ֿһµꣿЩʲôꣿʱģŻգ
үôųⰡ֮ǰòƹ¿ġϴγʱϹֿ֬˼֬ꡣ
Ϊ֤ҵ֬٣Щ֬Ĳҩһ˵һȥȻ˼Чжˡ
˵Щʱдβס˷ܺ͵⡣
ȴûôˣϵ˵ߣ߳㲻Ҫ˼ȫ棬ûǱҪˣҪĲǡ
飬үȻ񲿵˺ͳʷȥٰ죬ղĵʲôϵʱֻﲻͺˡ
һ𣬵Цˣ⻹С
˶٣ŵ֮ǰóʤˣ֮ǰһὫЩȫɾһһȥݺȥ˵
ҲүԼȥʾͺˡ
ҵڻܸڵĻᣬΪ׶һµԭίʡպʲôӰ۸ʱͻó˵һ˵ܵˡ
Цү˵Һʱ۸ˣү۸㡣
Ц˭ƽհ۸˭֪
һһһӣȥǰĻ
ʤһֱѹڲ񷿵ݺᵽһֻۣհ׾ƯСϣڲ˺ۣۿȻ˹⡣
ջߣ룺ϣĿԼʲôѵڻΪԼʥĸĵ㲻ɣԼֲɵӡ
ݺǺ󣬵ͷͰݣ߶ţˣү飬Ǻүİ
Ŀ߳סڣµ㻹ںԡϿ콫ıȫгܻգȫҪлθϵĻᡣ
ݺ׺Źмܼ˰ӵĴӸүѾɫζҩүʧȥ˼䣬ʧҪӡôͷӣҶϡǺȷʵүĶӰѵүͲȿһ𣿡
ü۾УһҧǱģǶԺһ˿룿ͷҪƱˣ⺢ҵģҲǡ
ϧοڵĻᣬձ㽫ͺһʹ˵ں޹ϣһ
ݺʱ˸̱˵ϡ
δ뵽ƻʵеô˳ᷢչӣ֮ǰԤڵȫһ̫źӲģ̫ĺݣʹģΪҲҪ
İšǲģүĽӴأôʣΪ˵Ӻ
үôĺݣɱԼĺӰݺߣסĽŽЪ˹ĺүң⺢ĶӰȿôɰ
ŭ⣬̧Ž߿Ǻڣڴ˿֣ԲģҲصˡ
̧ͷ˵ʤȥȱС

 137 


ʤӦһ̧ʣݺȥ׳ͣһһ۴ֵȹҿϧĴݺΡ
ݺʱɱĺ߿ޱҧ֪ˣӲӦøүҩԺҲˣȾӰɡ
֣Գʤ˵ΪֹбֱӾ͵شȻǺһ𡣡
ʤӦһ͵˸ɫּ˼
ʹݺкššʱϵ㣬ӵĵһѪģѪ͸
ݺʵǰסˣǾúһĺݻ״Ļ룬ˣеĲʺϣ
̧̧ͷ˵УȫУү
˵˹ȥͣ֡
ݣҲųˣһ۵ϵݺ˳ǣͷȥ
Īȥǡ֣˵
û£սϱҰٱĳҶŲңģҲġ
˹ǣͷȻתͷԳʤѡ
ͱѸһͰˮݺͷһݺ˶Ƥ˹
ľʹ˲ǣ̧̧첲ſڵүȫС
̧̧°ͣʤ˽ڵϡ
俪ڣͷ˵˵һѣȱС
ݺǶ˶Ҳɪһ¡Ȼ˿٣º˻Ƹ۵ĺڣȥһȥμĪĻʱ֪˹Ҳӳ󣬶ı㿪ʼҡˡ
ϢҵĲֻ𾪣ͬʱҲȼһݹϣҸоȻҳһûòϾܶ˻ǳڵģ룬еģҲУģҲһԡûô࣬ǺҲԡ
ҲǴʱҵĽҲ˲е˼
ʱʶиһҵңҴҳȥһ棬ұȥˡ
۽ǻгĶء̳ʤ˸ɫʤ⣬ת˳ȥ
ݺؿڿԼŵ뿤ʾȥү͹Ӧ³֮Һܶ㹻һӵģһŵңպܳΪүҡ
ҵʱŹҵĶ飬δֱӴӦȴҲƲסĿʼ
ջظ֮ұ㲻ĿʼøַӽүԼ֪Ϊ˿ŵΪ˼Ľүү롣
üݺ˵ĵײνԾʱݺյĸԼź˼Լδ
ǺǡݺЦһŵүֻйӦôδЩɡ
Ȼʧ䣬ҲֹԼܣҲ˶ѡү͹ﷴ֪й˼ȻүϲңˣպΪԼ˵һŲ£ҲǺõġ
ϧδڸŹȥͻʱٴμ˿Ӧ˵ܵĽҴȥһεķ档
ҵʱ͸ҹүүֻйκˡҲһ񱣬ǲ˹顣ʹܹסүүҲ檵ġ
ֵǣȣƺ֪˹񱣬ƶһ׼ƲߣҵʱƲȫ̸ҡ
۽˹ôͳɹˣһ޵ĹŴҪǹ𣿻ƶ˼Ʋߣоǻơ
תͷһҲڿĿ֮ʱչ¶һοЦ
Ҳ΢΢ЦЦʾõԼȻ߼ݺ
ʶ˵Ҹҽʿ׼ӣҩǼܻϺӣȻѰζɺҩүΣү󣬾һҧүǿҪңȻ󡭡Ȼ˵⺢үġ
ʹүҽʿеҲ鲻ʱүֻźԼģȻʹ۹ҲΪԼĺӣʱҲĸƾӹ󡣡
ļƲߣȸеǺ£үҺӻүģһ´˰㶨ҲҴӦ뿪ġҺ˵͵ҴûҲʲôûңӦȻ㿪ʼա
һʱ£ΪҪ㣿ұΪΪ㣬û뵽ǣȴ˵ΪҪ޸㣬ֻнߣа취Ը
Բ٣һǸо̫زҴӦʱ֪ӷĸ谵ĽͻȻðһˡ
ݺͣ£һƶһѾ۵ľ壬̧ͷſڿһۡ
ſѾˣ֪ʱݡݺһſڼ˵
סҵȥ·׼뿪ʱȴתݡȻ˱ʱǿҡ֪ǱĶӣҲӿָʾ˵ҹϴȻ󽫴ϢɢȥҴӴ޷ˣ˱ϳ
һǿһǸ߹ٵĶӣҲʧвȣʱ̫ˣǵ´Ӧ֮Ǳˡ
ݺſڽ˵үҶǱǱƵѽүҺͺһɡ
ߡڴһߣƵĵǸɾǱΣ֪̽͵£һ֮ѣ̥аԣ̡˵⺢ǲǷģ
ݺһ¡뵽ԼʱǺܺ²٣Ҳǰư͡ĵ׿ӵ飬ʵһҲʶ޸Ϊ޵١
رǵ͵еº󣬾͸о˼һʧˡȻĵ׶ҲЩǸΣ׵ֲǷҲӻ
ӡӲǷġݺĿİͰ͵˵
˭ģû뵽»б˲ڡ
һˡ˵Ҫ£˹ϵһ˻ɡȥαլʱһֱҡ
ˡΪֹɣ֪µһмˣ
ӦþˣķӦӦǲ֪ԭίġүԾʵүҺͺӰɡ
ݺ˵֮󣬿ʼʹ࣬ͣġ
Щľ֮࣬ǶЩ˵ɥĲеһĺ¡
ԼôģôԼҳϣһҪЩ˸ȥʲôӶ֪ˡ
ⶫ˱ĿȫǡչɶµݺὥԼΪе׷ϣΪ˴ĿĲֶΣۻ಻Щ׶벻ġ
ȻˮʯҲȥˡֻһ㲻̫ףǿݺУ˺ܹؼãΪҪ
˵ֻΪ˱ӳ£͸ð֮£Ҳδ̫޴Щ
ݺԺлصʶ˵³֮õүҽõҪλٻõ㡣
ʱԲ۾һ¶ŭݣеı飬֪϶ŭˡ
ݺʱɫȻ˵ʶ˵ʧȥүӻ֮󣬱޸ĸƼʱȻüƲ÷õ㡣
Դ˸е˼ڶǰҲֻһѣɥĲƵ˵زʱҲ˲ȥЩˡ
ɫԽԽȫǺ֮ɫ۾ҲΧˡ
ŭֱᵶȥɱˣæ԰үȱⲻӢͨ͸δʲô
һۣȥڵԼ嶯ᵶȥɱŲŪҲδ̫ˡ
һ£ǿһ˿οЦ⣬˵ģ¡
óʤݺ˻ȥȻ˺Ժ
Ϊһ裬ʣүδݺ
豭һڣ£С֣˱ӣǲܻˡ
뵽ݺƽݵĸĸǸĸ磬ͻȻЩζ죬ʵѵΪ飿
ҡҡͷǣͻȻ뵽˵ġĺأ
Ĭһ˲˵޹ģҲᴦóʤѰ׺ͻױǡ

 138 


ʶڽӵԼȥ׵ʥּν𾪲ѡ
ԴҲ벻ףǸƽʱôֺɫĻʵ۽Ƿʲô裿ΪʲôͻȻԼȥס
Ǽ޸Ǹ˰ǰ͵һʵֱܴۡ裬ԸⰡ
Լĳ֮ȥʻϣȥϣûϳּ⡣
֮Ļ˵ʥּû·ǰ߾ͽ͵͵֪ʱ̽ȥϣɻȴĹУ˵˭Ҳ
û뵽ʥּô·ˣҪôˡ
ʶ֮վﾹȻʱðɣУ޵¡
֮ȻۣҲ޼ƿʩܲϾٱ췴ɣٱ췴ҲǺʱ
ʵۺھǣöŻѪŴĸһҪҲҪ׼ʱһٳɹС
ʶĪҪ֣ΪֳûȥѰ𣿿ұܶ侲һ£Ȱ취֮Ȱ
ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪôңǲʲôµˣʶĳŭ𣬡ھҪȥȥʸס
ʶĪҪ֣ȥҲ޼¡үģϡߣ˵Ҳա
ʶһ㵣飿Լ˼Ľ˾Լȥף
һʱϢĻл㱣ΪҪôȻͷһѲ֪Щʲô
ܣ뷨һͱ̷ˡԼߣһ
뵽⼸һֱδϵǸӣʶЩˣ²µʱҪȰѺ׵´
ǲ飬ǻϾϵģҪֱȥһϣأǻȥ
֮ܳȥı̾һ֪ͣˡ

ĪһŮһӭ绺ͣʶǰǰƮܵĶʩһ
ȻԴڽĿ˵Ӽ￴࣬ӳ˵Ǻαأڹһʱˣϻǲʹϥǹ򴩶òĻǲ
ôȵͷֶĿذɣˣϸͻǺѽӦøжǡ
ûϺΪѣϲ£һڵò֪ΪǷʲôƵģδ˿Цȥ
ʶֺޣǸ˾侮ʯûǸʲôԼôҲֲ๡
ĨһѶϵĺ飬վ˫ϥ̧ͷǹŮһЦ˦ֶһƣֱӰѹŮˡ
ˣ˶û˶࿴һ۵ļҫڱǰҪ̽ôˣЩۿ˵͵Ķ
˵ҲŮӦŵСƤޣͺݺݵǹŮͷϳȥ
ǹŮʹĶʱУҶʶһŽߵڵϣ̧첲ĳйŭ
Ů󣬸æ鿴һǿڴˣҲû˸ǰȰֻܻȥĪ
Īһ󾪣û뵽ʶô󵨣ϻأ͸ſˣˣ
ʱ߳ŭͽϣ㿴Ҫ췴ҹ͸ˣһܣ
췴֣ĵɻһʣȸ˵ֻܡ
һ߳˭ȥģһȺûһʡĵģ㶼㲻徲
һŮѣ޳治ɣȥɣйҲͲҵ鷳ˣ
ϡĪҧ´ԹĿűͣ޺޵˾䣺ҷϣ
ʶǺݶǳģ˭¡ĪҲȥˣԼһ˶пܡ
ôһַ˵Ǽ˸ʵۣȴôҡԼĸ֪ȥºҲʼԼĮ
˵ǹΪȴǱֱ۸ͷҲ֨Ī޵˺½ǣۿһ죬Ҫû԰񫣬Ů
ٲȥֹСӢͿ챻ˡ
Ī޺޵Ьߵǰ⺰˵ˣһ澶ѣʹֻҪ˿ͺá
ȻתͷԺоۼһĹŮ̫Ǻȵ˭Ҳ׼ٽˣ
һȫŵĵͷ˲˶ӷŵװ壬һ˸
ʱʶҲˣþȫͣ˱ӡ
ǲ޵һϢĹŮţȻ̧ͷԺڴˣٸҺСĳ죡
Ī˫ֶ̧ˣһתݡ
ʶƤбһ۰ĹŮЦһȻתȥ
δֱӳȥ˻ʺĹСʺȥʲôˣҲҳҲԺȥûܳγǸԻϵСˡ
һž͹һľɥæʶӭԼϵᣬּͣܲܿɡҲֻȳԿοš
ʶղһڽ㰲ƽҲ
˻ϵ̬ȣҲ֪Ǹõųʱ䣬ȥһˡ
˹ֱȥ
ͨ˵ֱӸˣԸˣպٱӦȥ
ʶѰ޹ȻתȥĪֵĽȥѰܰ
һܰͺĿס֣ѻȥ׵˵һ飬ԼʵͶ·Ҳһ˵ϻˣġ
ܰһҪĪү鰡֪֮ǰүãһܰҡܰҪȥĪʶ
ܰĬһ˲¶ɫΨһѣǡ
ܰôҲԸңʶЩŵʡ
ʶȱ𼱣˵Ǳ˴Ψһѣôܲ㡣ֻЩ£˵ѿ˶δҲ㡣
뽫񣬴ȥ꿪ʼͲټҡ񲻹Ǹһˡ˵Ҽ棬ʹˣҲ˵ġңһЩϢʵҲүˡ
ʶ㵣Ƿ»Ϊλᵽ˵ز
ܰҡҡͷ˵֮Ϊµ˵زΪʱһлͣϧ
Ϊβ˵˵أ
һʼ˵һ룬˵ӣֲǲ֪ʱҼ޸ĪֲΪ£ӵļֵûˣڱ³񲻸ɱ˭Ҳ֪ҼǣǻǻΪĪֵ޸߿һۣҸһ㡣ʹЩǼٵģҲܱװԸʩҪǿɣ룬ָоܶ
ʶĿյĺѣ뵽ʱֹеĶˣεңڡǵ˭ֲ߿һۣ˭Ҷ˵һ\'\'֣
ǰ뵽Ţб˿͡΢ӣǶԣǱҪܡ
֪ΪΣǰĳܰͻȻ뵽պԼ
ѵԼҲҪ㣬Ѳӵˣ
ҡҡͷԼ˵һӡ
ܰϵᣬʶҰ׵һ۵ľǾ壬ΪΪԼģ԰οʲõңҽҲϰˡҲֻǰһȣȥǳ͢سƷԱӣҲҪ߿һ۵ġ
ʶջε˼һʱ֪Ǹʲôζͬ飿֮ǰĻӦûͬɣڣԼҲҪһˣʲôʸʱȥͬأҪϿԾȲǡ
ܰȻˣұҲΪˣſģأлġһ£ˡ
ܰεĵ˵ͷ֪¸Ϊ֣ҲĿıӰȥ

ϲܵԺûžͿʼ˵Ҳûˣ㲻ȥе꿴ϲȥ𣿡
˯СѾͷͷϲĻһֱԺ˲ͱˡ
ϲǰȹܽݣױǰĵ̺ϣգһ˫۾ϲĿ
ȥȵġ
ǣ֮ûмѽӦȥϲġϲŬ
еĲʦȫǣٹ˶Ŷأ㻹Ų˼Ҳɣ˵Ȼαسȥ
ŲֻǡϲͷһʱЩȥ氡˵̰ܻߡ麦ᱻؽʾڣֳѵһء
ˣȥȥˣ⸱ˡҸ°ɣҪؾЩģװãȥЩ
ϲʱϲЦտϣȥá
ϲԾıӰЦҡҡͷԼҲܿҪΪ˸ˣô͸һء

 139 


ϲӸĽ·ʱÿʶڸſڲ֪͹ܼ˵ʲôһ뿪ӡ
㿴ǰʲôأϲʡ
ջߣĿ񣬵ᡣ
ϲ漴ͷ˳һֿʼȸԾ
Ƥһۣʲô£ﲻסЦ
ϲٺһ֣𣿡
񵭵ЦЦ˵ҲҪˣȥеϲҲһ˰ɡ
ϲæ֣ãã̫ˣòõġ
üʲôɵôòˡԼ֯Ķ̸ʲô󲻹صġ
ϲеܳԼǴôÿѣʲôӣ˻᲻ᱻ޵
һֳڴͷͻȻЦֲ˼Ȼҧ´˵ͷл
ֳˣЦȤ
ϲ˫סһһıʶƣߵĲУ߻ȡЦ˵ģУ
ŶĪҿˣƺơ
˵һ֣ϲͳ
һ·Ȥһ·ţЦﲻϣһ͵˳еꡣ
¾տǽӭ˺ԺڣЦϲͺˡȥأˡ
ҲЦĸŮӦأϲҲҪҳ
¾ЦеĿϲһۣȴԹǲֲˣ
ЦСҲͦãܿɰҲҪһˣøѡҲϲڵÿգʹȥѡѡϲİɡ
ⲻ׵Ĺôأòõġ
ЦˡϲҲЦˡ
¾ĪĿͶˡ˵ĸŮģǣ˵Ļһġ
ЦҡҡͷȻŵԼҵĶûʲô󲻹زصģϲףΪϲʲôױҲģȫϱǣ϶ļˡ
¾û뵽ϲ׺񣬼ֱáԼҲ̶ֳȡһʱͷᣬۿмľҪᡣ
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¾պ˵ͷ֪ʲôҲ˵ϲݣȥǰ档
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Ƶϲ˿ʽӱأȴݻ߹ֵţǳ⡣
⻪ϲ뵽պĴ飬û֮ǰ壬Ҹ㡣
֪⿴ƺʵ˵˰Ŀ֮·ߵǶôĲס
Խһֱ־ŸǻٴսİľԼΪѵıʹ찡뻹ǲס
Խһ谭ƽ˳죬ԼҲҪˡպԼļңһԼҸļңԳ׷Сʱֿ;ӼĽˡ뵽˴ԾЦǡ
Ц⻹δӵüңʧ˴ϣСļͻʹ
ǿԣԸΪ˸һŬʹΪ
ѹеɬʹһϲӯӯ߻ϲĸŮ¶˵Цݡ
ۡҲ̫˰ɣϲϲ󣬲ûϹ۾ΪԴһ°ɣ
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¾ҲЦǰϲǳ׵ٴء۵ʦѵĺԶģοǸϲһٸĺ
ϲٺЦţʹͷ
Գ¾ЦѰã͵ȥɡ
¾ոæӦˣԵְá
ϲһʱνֵ£ʱЩסˡ񣺡𣿡
Ӷѡˣʡ
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¾ϸѣͳţַֽŵϣϲźǰһŷ˵
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ʲôӣͻȻô֣ģôܽˣ
ϲʱ˷ˣʼԵľ񣬸һȥ˵һǰи͢߹ٺһ˲һ̰ܻߣǸ״֤ݣ׮׮յҲǸɻʱһ
Ȼ˾ͰѲαдĺʵ֤һʸ˻ϣʥŭ֮£ǵĹ٣ǵǵļҡҪǷ䵽Ŀຮۣ֮ҷ֮ǰҪνʾգйߡǵһգԽϲô֣˭ܲء
ŶǺõĴذɱ˳ҲΪһֱΪĳĴɱ˲ǳ
Ͳ֪˰ɡϲһЦĿʼϲҿ˵ףȥຮ֮ǲŽֵԭ˵
˻ܾϺϵĥ䵽Ǳߵˣʱһᱻʹĥ񲡣˵֮ǰѾ˲ء
˵³ȻҲжԶͿֶܼòŻ衣ֻ֮ͽŻᱻ䵽ֵطȥ⸸ɲС
ĵ˵ЩҾһҲ֪ء
ϲٺһЦȤƽʱһȤûСÿվͰ̿ʱôǮչ׳̣йлЩء
ЦһۣνֵĲ֪ĸ߹أ
ǱݺĶӷĴƶ˵뵽˷󡣡ϲһ꣬һ˵񳤵һ˲ģ֮ЩֶΣ֮ǰȺ˲Ůء
֣üԭ±ӣҲˡ
߰ɣظɣҲ˵Ĳˡ˵ž
ϲæ䣬ţҲ¿νֵİɡ
ڴһЦСӣҪҳϲĿҪڴ˰ɣ
ϲӶǣҲȫǡ
̧ͷ˿·棬˵ǾȥĲٻظɡҿɲˡ
ϲĵͷ˵ҿһξС
ƹϲĶ¥һλãָҪһ÷ӱ̸ɹ
ϲʵһֱҩЩĶҽʿ˵Ҫɿڵ𣿲֪費Ҫɱ
ʵҲȷҪҪɣԷһǹסɡ
һ볣µ÷ԵС˵
ϡλԵȡСӦһתȥ
ϲôųҩҩٵڸСĽͻȻЩѹ
æȺʪۿ
һᣬ֪νֵʱء
׺һڸ÷ҲתͷԽԽӵȺǿˡ
յĹǰͿʼжеĽ˹
ϲʱ˷ˣѰӶ̽˴⣬쳤ȥµء
ҲƵתͷ⡣ֻһǰһ󣬴ܻнš
·ԼŸֲӵİգҲɢģĲУǲߣֻ΢Ц
һһٴͬİɫǰӡһĺɫ֣Եĸ
ɫͱһ·İòҶӡùϹҵʧȥ˱ɫ
ʲô̵ġġƵģȵġģȫճĹͷϣѾʵġɢŸ㡣
ķƺԤϵᱻ˶ԴϺŵ޸оƵã·԰յķŭáҲš
ֻֻۿնĿǰҲûпݼɺԵ̶ֻʣµĺڰ
ֵͷһ÷
Ȼһѣмƺ룬ֳûĸеôĸ˻ʹ죬ȻҲǣƽѡ
̿ˡɻ
ٴһۣͻȻͶ˷˫ֱ۾ԼԼĿתĿš
˫ŻĿն۾ȴһ·ųڳ˵Ĺ⡣
üƿߡ
ĴӴ¾Խ˲
ȻŤͷ¥ţȻ֪ķɳһöƫϣһĽæתͷȥ
۽ƳһĻ̾ǸҪĵͽӰ
ԶȥϲҲӣĸ̾ǣǱܡ
·ԽԽٵˣվ߰ɣظɡ

 140 


˻ظԡϴȥһճȺûˡ
ʣϻᱧһɢζһס
үְ֣ϴˡ
ϴˣ㱾һϴ
У
ȻУպҾȢˣ˵
Цһ£Ȼ,˵׺󣬵Ǿ͸뿪˰ɣ
ţ֮ǰԻ˵ʱƴ˶жӲμӻ磬Ӧ֮󣬾ͲˡʵҲãԶ뾩ǣԶ·ǡݣҲܹĸЩ
ͷ׵ģЩᣬž˶꣬Ҫˡֻϧǹ˼ǵⱻ֮ٸ̽۷׷ףҶˡ
Сɵϡ˹ıǼ⣬ʱݿǱˡʵΪз磬ֹϵΪ
˵㸸˲ţҲܷųڲõģǺ˷ѣʱȻֿԻؾˡ
У˵պٲ볯٣ǻأǻء
һѽϣʹڣ޺ʵ㵽˭
Цүѹҹȵġ
Ҫ˵㵽˭
㣬˰ɣ
ٺƭǰֻбһڶŽȥ˲˵ѱеĵλҲˡĻĵңֻȥˡ
ЦˣЦֵĴ׶ԣʱɵĻӣֲ֮ǰ˵Զĺء
֮ǰҲ˺ðɣֻʱ̫Զоˣﰵš
ȴЦźƭ㡣үҵķͷһƬ죬ȻҪˡ
С˵Ķʱģ⻹ࡣ
ٵ£ġ㸸кϸƽ˴һպ󳯾ȶˣȻҲԸΪ°վһĵġұ˽ǡ
ͻȻһ꣬˵ҾϲĻ£Űľ
Цʣôϲô
ȡүȱ֡Ҫ½֣иү˵հȥסҲҪǳޣҲȥ׼׼
һ㶣е㲻ãֲû˰׼õȥ׼ڸű
סؿڴȥ˵Сʤ»飬ټ񲻸ã˵֮ǰǿ϶Ҫҵģ𻰶಻㡣
εĳ̾һ,㿪ʼҵ
˱ֱЦţͻȻӵүܼһ£˵
˵£ʡ
˵һֱеĿ췢ƵĴ˽ǰ˵Ҫ˵͹ˡ
üеһ񣬸뿪˵βȥģʡĳү
Ĭһ˲áȻ˵ͳʤ˵ˡȥһˡ
Ӧ¡
齣½󣬻ͷ˵ñӦ£͵һúźԡſɡ
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ǰһ۹ڵϵʶе񣬵ȻŸ߹ȣ˵ݲˣ˵
ʶ˶ķ˫ȣ̧ͷһۡ
Զôһ߹䣬Į룬ԨģۼôᷳˣܱǺͷȣڣ㶼㡣
ƩԼ֪ѱҪԼȥһսܹ׵ĵز
ʶ׶ݺݴ͸Ƶã۵Ľһš
̧𣬼ȻӲ˴Ȼûȥ׼ˣеϺͽҲҪԼ
ûĴ㣬Ҳٶԣλһֻڡ
Ȼһѿǻֳ˵лүһ棬ָмүʳ֪֮ͣұƵүġҲʵûа취ˣòˡ
Ϊ׵ĴڣϼҺ͸磬ʺҲˡۿ֮һһ죬Ҳֻүˡ
˶٣ֽŵүʶҲһͬ󣬼ʹүȥҶүҲ֡үݶʱϣͰһΰɣ
ţ¶мͼڽһЦˣ˱ӵ£Ҳ̸⣿
˵һϻֱӿżɽûϵˣϢͨݺѾге£֪ɣԻһδεϸ
ʶ㵵Ȼſ죬ҲŵĶʱҰף˲ʾѪɫ׵ѩһֻ۾ɵĴģֺ޴ĴУããȻѩ
ԭӱֲԼδյһϢԭݺûסʲôˣиܻܶסǸָļ澣
ñһ飿͸ӦðֵȥˡҲһʱľ飬ȥסȻΪأ³ù񣡡񶬼ľı
ʶɪɪĴԷתţڳʲôɣƲԼĹϵ
ȻԤҲķŭǽܵ˷Ӧ
Ҳ֪ү˵ʲô˵ʲôǱҧʲôԩİүĪҪǺ˵ʲôû
ЩӣүϢүӦ֪ģĽүѾãֻү£ҲοҲ˶Ѱʲôû
ˣ⿴һıݡ
㣬ԽƱģֻ㣬ѡѡҪͰؼĵȥҪѡһ㲻Ҫʲô˵
䣬˼ֺ壺УִĻǣ˵ˣĪҪ׷ʲôʱ꣬ҲĪҪ̤һľ棡
ʶŵһ̱ſ˵ϣķţٵĺʹòڴϢ
ѵҪ˲ɣҪȥ˲ɣߵ˽һǲİ
־ߺ͵ٴΪԼ硣ȴļö˫䣬ްֱ۾ľûǸ͵ˡ
ֱٶ˵һ֣³ȷ񶼲磬ֱϣɤĻӲ˻ȥ
ɨһۣ˵Ϳ͡Ȼתȥ

Ҳʶ½Щ뵽ӵ³ǽгͷֶΡ
ֻҪ˸˺Լһ춼ҴӲаĴ
ҲΪˣŶֻʶȥ׵¸еЩͲζ
˵޸ǸڣһЩǺûӦò֪ġ
˵ԼҲǷҪҪʶô˲ſԣʶָĿǲҲ̫ƫ̻Щ
ǰޣ˵Ϊʱ⣬ڻҲΪ̻ء
ڴϷȥԽԽԽµĻţ¯ϰѬףֻУ๾ðݡ
ɺ֮Ҳڳϵ£Ҳöʲôÿʶһ䷳ֲֳ̫꣬
Ҳ֪̯ûУôˡţԺϤĽŲȻǿ
æ߳ңµӭȥ˵ʶպӦٲˣҲӦûԹԵȥס
㬵ġŶһȻʣҷųԹˣˣòøү
ҡҡͷˣҲ
˱ŵǰŵν֣Һϲȥˡ
üģȥȻݺʰǵġ
ûʰͦݡݺҲΪҲյӦеĳͷΪʲôүʶȥأսܹ޹ȥ˻ʺҲǹɣƺǼȥ磬ôҲ̫ͷͻȻͲǿˣЩҲѿڶ
һۣЦˣ˵Ϊ֪ԺǸʲôˣü꣬ͻӡʱҹҹںԼΪ
߻£ֶձӣΪ˲ٵίȥҲδ̫ˡ
ǰʲôպ󻹳ء
Ȼû뵽ģΪ
ô֪պʲôʱ䶼˵ĺǰһĪԼһ֪ǰɣ
ȣôܣҲΪԼǴԽĲŻᷢôҲǡһһҡͷֺЦ뷨
һСһһῪģ粻ģ㽫§ʵСԹٺЩʲôأôΪҲô
У̷񶨵ŲҪ֪ԼҳԷɴء
ͻȻЩ׵£йһ飬ʡĵʱ˲үˡ
ЦȢ㣬ʹȫҲӶˡ
Ц𡣡
һͷͲűˣЩϴϴЪ˰,Ҳֻ֪𡭡

 141 


Ȣգõ顣ŵƽʣϲӯӯֻȼʱһͳӭס
Ĺ뷿ͷڣϲ̤иߵЬߴӣľΪˡ
ϲ˶Щ᲻ƿȥԾķһ̾Ҫйʮ֮һòҲ֪ˣ
ǰϲĹ¸һ޲ֵôȤȡЦرǸճ׵¸ǣֱǲǵȲҲˡ
ϲʱߺֱ˼컵
˶ȤЦһӣӭһǰϲĹǡһݾȫϲЦտ˵ż黰
ûгףϰΪŹǵӭ
糿ױʹδϹˣһǰǹصڹ֣ǸǰϲĹС͹ǡ
һ죬ˮûϺȼڣȴѾЦˡ̫бӭ׵ĶӦҲ쵽ˣЦҲˡ
Ȼûһᣬ˱
ϲ󣬻ϲ˷ܵĶ˵Ϧ޺ãϼӳʱ򡣸ôõʱԺӿ϶Ǻģ
ļ黰һ˵˸ϽЦŸͣ
ǰǰиүôˣԺ󰡿϶ȥ
˵и⾩ĹŮǣ֪жĽǣ
үһǺ÷޹ȥҵȥɣ

΢ЦĶ˵лȻԺһŲһ˵Ӵ˵˵үͽԺ
ҧҧ´ȻЩôº󣬽Ҫ޸ˣ޸ǸսĽ
ϲԺ󣬸æΪ˴ͷ֣ϲڸǿ׷ϵϲļ黰ҲЦһһ
Ȼݣߵԣ˾:ˡ˵㽫еһ˵ݽ
ᡰšһֽץšΪ̫ţﾹһֺֽϲ˲䡣
ϲվǣֳԺϲǰ
ڷϽεʱŸͷҵˣԼġ
֪ΪΣͻȻ仰жĲᣬаǸɵϡ
ҧŴᡰšһȻС˵Ҵֻġ
ļüӿһ̣仰ôۺҸ˵κһ黰Ķ
ô˿ţߣ뽫ĸͷݺݵ
ȻҲֻһˡ
״һ£ǧֻļԡ
˽ΣΪýȻ
ӭ׵Ķ鿪ʼ
ʵ׵ǰһգӭ״ϣѾʼ֣ȫǵİΪһλԶǼȾΪ֮ԺСү뾡ְ취˴ԡ
࣬ȴҲûһ²֪ǵģͷӢȫȿֺ˵ż黰
յԲ˵жãϲףáһ·Цȭ԰ǻ񣬻·ϲǮϲֱҪͬˡ
һ·ţӭ׶еǰһα㿪ʼ죬
Ϊκһͬǣźá
ٵָ˾һϵеķǡغǣϲŽ˶
շϲϣͱֽгȥˡ
ŽҲ˳ȥһӰֻϲҡ
ϲʣһûôԶˣ
ҡҡͷۡܲȰҰѷժ
ڻժáϲæҪү⾴ƣΪͷſԲױ
̾һҵĲӶҪ۶ˡ
ȣĪҪ˵ʲôϲϵģһ춼ֻ˵黰̡
εתתͷ˷Ĳӡһϲֽ˷
ϲһжĶЦʣѪࣿ
Цأأүмū˵ǲӦõġ
ϲĵĶ룬¶ȣЦŶүġ
һѪ໹꣬ĽŲ
ֱŶ룬ϲæ룬ΪȥϲȻ߳ң˸ϥ󣬱ϲһͬ˶
ߵԣһźϲӸˣͷϵϲ
ֻмδټСŮģһֻĵԡعҫµĽɫУλáѤã־̾
ǲٵʱľЩĳСɱĺ촽ţֻ󷢸ɡ
үô磿⾴𣿡ʵ
Ż˻꣬ЦһߣҾͻˡŽɺƼֵҵƾͺˣһԺ񲻸á
Ц±Цôͼ붴
ұͺż˵ȥɡ˵žԡ
񿩿ЦЦصڿУһһɢ
ĺһ飬պҵޣΨһޣΨһķ򡣡
գһ˫ǳ۾۽ȶšִͫԲںڷ汥ҸĹ⡣
˺һᣬȻ۵һǡ૳һ
һеĶˣǰҪȥ
ͷһû׹ŹȥںأѹҪ̧ͷˣҲʹժ
æվҰױ
ժ·ڣ·Σһ˺ơ
޶˵СʣѪɳˣҪҪЩԵĹ
ҡҡͷ˵ճԹˡ
ĴָĦպͱǼ⣬ЦճףĺӣûʲôҪ͸ҵģ
񿩿ЦҲףõӣҪʲôĽҶ㡣
˵̴ڣҧסĴָ
ͷһ󼤵һѽЦǻʲôһֵǧЩЪϢҪ˷˲źá

Сֱ۴ֵĺȼһҹϲʱҡһҹ
Ҫţо궼Ҫ۵ĳˡ̱Ѿﵽܳܵļޡ
ֱ¶ع⣬ŵԱŹһ۾˯˹ȥζû
ٴ۾ʱѴ̫ϸߡļʣʲôʱˣ
ѵû𣬸˵Ӧù˳ʱ˰ɡ
һС˵һҪϡʺ밲ȥǺܶˡүҹû˽ơ
һЦ㲻صģϾƵʱҺ˵ˣˣԸĵպٽ衣Ȼͬˡ
ү㡪һʱյ˵񲻸Ǵ˵
ǡǱýȢޣǰôôȥα⡣㻹۲ˣ˯һûѾȫˣҪ
Сһལ͵һѣүɲԹҺ£Ҫˡ
˵žͿЬ˴ͻȻϥһˤ˵ϣҺֿķһѡ
վֱӣǸֱ֣߳ңŽҪˮ
һЦҲʼ£ԡϴϣһٷѹʱ
ڻݣӣһʱò£ȥ鷿˻
ϲڷ˵һӻ΢ϰϰӷŴ쪵ӿ⣬бϣĿС
鷿ʱÿţȥסʣˣģûﲻ
ҡҡͷûвӷ۵ĺܣû̫оһš
ĵġһͻȻ͵һ뵽ʲôƲ̫ϸ룬Ѱ˼˺һʣһֱۣʱе𣿡
šĵӦһ
ͻȻһţǰǾģǻ˺ӱʱ񲻼ãе룬ϲţĪǡ
Щ̫ȥˣҽ뷨֪һˣɲϣаʧ
Ƭ̺Ѱ˸ɵŻļ屾ܹˣҽʿһ۲ͽȥҽʿ
ֹȴˣҲȥۡ

 142 


ϸˣһŹȵģ˲˱һһ䣬
ҽʿҡҡͷεĵ¹ϸŹˣȷʵϲȣûθڣӱЩԲš
ֻʧһ˲ݱָ˹е΢Цͷţ¾ͺãǿˣȥɡ
ҽʿͷˡ
һԶȥҽʿԽ̧ͷԶʣƲƯƶǿųϣģ˲ڵմŢȵףʧӰ١
ҺûԼ뷨֪Ȼʧ϶˵ġž߻
˵°ɣүͰС֡Ц
Ц񲻸ãҲͷˡ
ûԵģóǰ
ҡҡͷûθڣʲô
飬ΪԵ̫٣⼸ۣûóЩڵģЩ
񹰽˵ͷðɣġ

˵ڶգ˵Ӧ¸ŵӣֻ븸ֵĹϵ˹Ҳȥվл
û뵽뵽˴£һ㽫Ƹ뵽
־ϲæȥǰȥ֡׻ߵͷ˶˸
ƺЦͷŻ׵ĺ롣ЦЩҪҲգֻҪڸл죬Ǳܷˡ
ƽĻԲգҺֳҪȥˣҪúþ޵ı֣ĪҪǣԼҲҪúõİϧ塣
ͷӦǣȴֲᣬͻȻۿһ죬Ҫǿ̣Žۿ
Ůʱȥǡ
ư˰֣ˣڵݲ㣬ǰ˱ǡ
ߵߣԼԵϣЦȥɴ˺λ˸һġġ
ƺЦÿɷ
ƼȻ̫ϲǣһԵǡ
ǳĶ˹֣Цүˡ
λڸŰɣһһѵþһԶٷȨǰΪλˡ˵
Ÿףƶ˫ڴ۾ͷһԼЩףǵ˵ͷЦҲãлүʢˡ
ĵЦˣҽҪ³ȥòˡ
ʱЩϱôȵ죬³ɻܵã
Сһ죬˸һۣҺһ֪޾״˵޷үıǡ
ôȵ³ܿ࣬ĳӱȹŷĻҪʤһȫûбҪˣȰ˵Ļδ˵ڣѾûӰˡ
һӵĲˣæһȺʱЩۣæϲСЩ
Ƽ󰵰ƳۣЩƲˡԼǸҷϣܱһôճϱСܲܣ˵ϱԼãԴ˻֮Աǡ
ӽţƼû˳ôô˳ۣŸһ︹š
ȴȨ˸һŲֲҷȻĶ
ƺȴƼȻͬǶϱıַǳ⡣˿ûиоճϱСи԰ĸθһЩøжȡ
ųԲ˵һӻҲһΧŷ˵˵ЦЦ߸˵ĳԲз
ǺһӲ裬Žͳ˸
պƼҸڳʮͤͬʱһݵҪһ·չţְݺ˵һҪ㡣
ٳȰ˵ͶʱŽ˵Щ֮ĹϵļˣҲúչ˵ġοʱƼΪ˺ѡ
ƺͤѼ󣬱УȻ˳ˬ·

ΪһֱûгɼңΣһ˲ŵ佫Ǽ˻ȫ֮ͣ·ûһᣬƼ㿪ʼвסɳƪ
ɿһۣЦ¡֮ǰȷʵ˸ĽѾáϧԼͭΪϵǿͭǿϣ˼ȴǿӡˡ
ƼЦӴҲδ̫ǫˡͭǱʲô಻ɣôһ˵ҵǺʶǸ˸߿Ĺˣ
Цҡҡͷˣ޸˸һǽӻᷢˡҰҲ䲻ϡ
ƼЦŴȤ־Ǹġ㻹һӲȢΪɣ
ɹЦ̧̾ͷ¹ȥͰǹȤ̫ϧŮԶ̫
Ƽεҡҡͷڳһ࣬˵㰡ϧˡδˣһ㣬С̫һߵĶůġϧˣ˸˵Ҳա
ǡЦ£Ƽļһʱ˵Ǹʲôζֻ
ֵ˲ģͿ뵽Ǻεϣͳ弾˵仰һӶֵˣ

ͬʱЦʹŽٵһ֪

»ֿգۼ͹ȥ£ֵһԲһԲԲΧһ±ܰʱ̡
±ûжôСְڵĶʵǧƪһɣҪڶϣˡ
ʱµֻЩʽʺͶڵ±ϰڶһ
ЩֻöɳģЩ±Ⱑ֮ĸģζġ
Щ̵ƺ͸ˮ±Ȼ󻹰ѱͨıƤ߲֭ˮ֭˸˵ɫʲôϣ̣죬ƣϲһһ㶵ģֱԼҲҪ
ϲֻСȸƵãһᳯֱQQһᳯQQ
ЦѾ׼Ϊ˸ˣյûΣƵáŻأҲ֪˶ӡ
ϲٺЦ⡣ʯϣʼɫ߲֭Լ±Ƥ
￴һۣЦŶֻϣպƤȻǽϷ
˵⻰ͷͻȻһ뵽պкľƵۡ
оȻԼܽУЩӦȰֵģ治Ҫүɸ檡
Ǹһ컰δھͱϲȥ㿴±ĶԲԣ
Ļʱɤۣת˿ϲϲҲЦֽ̧±Ƶǰ
￴˿±üһ˵㿴Ӵаɾùҽ
ϱ΢΢һЦհõһɫ±˵±ϵݻΩΩФʱˢһݱķۣǸƯֺóԵ±
ҿжƯ˳һԺԺе˵Ц
ϲæһϥҲ˵վе±԰ڵĻòÿ
ߵԣϸһۣЦÿȻͷһʰ궫׼ԺϲֵͷС˵ûÿ
ҲɨһǣűǶ˸
ЦЦת֣ջּҪȥϱߴˣϲʰһ£գҪҳˡ
̧ͷȵ
Ҳһ㶣û뵽ϲûգҪˡһϲϲҧ´ͷż⡣
ȣ֪ˡʹϲȥʰװ
ҲһϲЦŶ˵ͷϲԺСֽݡ
û뵽·ͻȻúõ뵽ȥˣʡ
ϣһڲ裬ȥϸرƣڰڴĴݣͼٴνī
Գǻδ׼ʱȷˡ
Щһ꣬οɻǶս
ҡҡͷ϶ԽԽɵˣҶȥսҹˡ֮ͬȥҶ˶·лֱ
Щĵʣ֮üȥº޼㣬ͬȥʲôΣգ
ЦЦСɵϣѲҵĶ֣㲻صġɵĻʵ۰һ˼֮ǣҡ
ǷʱҪȥã
ЩǸεĸ˸СվҪأ򲻶ҪƲˡ
˲䣬ҵãϧϲպףҪֿˡ
˵ͷ̫ƽĸٲúʧȥӣٲúʧȥɷ򣬺ҲẦʧȥˡ
ЩݣסĲһڣЦ°ģ㡣
һѽŵϣ˱촽͵͵˾䣺֪ĪҲ

 143 


ֱ֮ԼĴı߽磬˱·
һ·֮ݣĶ룬ݣݣֱԶ
һ·Ǵݾº뾳ٹռݡݣֱԶ
·лֶ֮ս֮ˣһ·쳣˳±ľ⡣
ʵȻЯԱӣȴ׼ǰȥһ֧ӸΧ˳ڡ
սǰ˳Ҳսپǰʱĸ±㹥һ

صĽݱϵĴս˳ȫ͵ԤϡԴʥĴãÿձս˳Ϊڹдϯ
Щĵϳʵڿϳ֣Ȱɡ
ڵѱεʤͷԣЩȰȫǳš
ֻϧּþڹп˻ʮգ㴫һϢ
ԭīĽڵҹǰյһڴī˵ܱƣīϾнޱǳûīĺʱ
ǵҹʵ̽ٺ󣬱ԥĹͼӶī
սһڳȻ͵Ҳˡ
֮Ĵսν޳ĪһʱҲָϡ͢оӵֻмޣ뵽֮ǰսʱ۽ʣ֮ɣȥԵҾǱ뺷սǲС
Īִ͢ǰȥҡҡͷСȲ˵͢ԵҾսֻ뾩û˳͢ıҲȫܰĵġ
䣬Ըǰȥûа취İ취Ҳֻȥֵһˣ롣
ػϣֻвɳһЩ͢Ҳв˵ҹڵʮѻʯҲֻװ׶˽ʿǵ
ͺγֻ֪¸νü޵ȼü֮ΪҪ
̧ͷ͸ǰʮڳ˵Ҳȫ޵֪ǿкߣ¸ӦԱ֮
ɨһȦڳ˶ͷɥҡͷʱЩֻǻԼʱڴʱľ뵽үĳŵ
ջҧҧ͹ֵԸýеıȥסҾҲֻܽһʱȼü֮Գ飬ϻǾү˾ͽɱȥ֧ԮΪϲߡ
˻һ˽Ը顣
ȴĬ˼ǿУֻǡʮ˳˹ʵѵã£룬һ̰֮ǲԮġ
ȥֻˡֻǣѵīеս¶벻˲ɣصīȺƽңݣݣѮʧֶݣȥҲһֱǾʤǧ
ѵеΰҵҪһ˶ռȥ˲ɣͬȻʵĶӣ㣬ԵԼϵĳ˵ġ
ϣ˼ͣԸձǰ֮ǰо仰Ҫ˵һ˵
˾ͽͬΪʮأ˾ͽ˽⣬˴֮սе˳ǶԶȥ֧Ԯġ
Գ飬ֱȥ֪ͨүүȥΪϲߣ˿ɱҴīݡ
飡Īֳе
תͷĪ֣һĬԵĪֶиˣڱ֮ȷʵûʲôõļƲˡ
ҲգĹҵպ󻹿ɽܱԼһʧĻҪá
ã޼ɰ˰Ӽȥ֪ͨǰ˵Ҿο俭޶͡
΢ɲļڽһЦֵлϡ

ӵʥּʱ˵Ͷ飬δʳͶȴȥ˱
һߣ֮ȫȨص񣬴һͶ㽫˸ѹȫ֮ǰĳŵһʱŪĻ̡̻
ˣԶ󣬵һʱ⣬Ľ鱦ٲ͸һЩԼ⣬ȫռΪ˼С
֮⣬µĽʿľļ顫°գʾ͡
һʱ䣬޺֮ҹȫǡɱ°ӣ顫Ů֮ǲҹš
֮ʤֵҰܿصڳΪʹڵİΣȫӵӣĶ㡣ܶӲıʤ¡
ȥǰ㽻ݵƿҪע֮ľٶƿڴǵ֪º󣬱˿ӱ޵ϱ˻ϡ
ڽӵƿµ󣬾֮˴ĵĵΪ·˵ʥּٻؾһ͢ȥ
ֻǴʱֵ֮Ұܳܿ͢أ͵ľ
Ĵ淴ѵʱĺûᣬ֪˶ŵȵװ˷ѵ
ȴҲһç򣬲̯ƣ˸ûʵɾܾؾҪ
ҲȥΪ鳯͢Ѳʥּ𡣲ͬʱ鳯͢Ҫý˳ȥīصĸһʰҷѣȶ˽ģҲܸĻؾ
һ֮õڴ󳼱ը˹Ŀʼ۷׷ס
һ˵ӦôӦ֮ҪڽҪЮ֮ǰǰ£ȻѾ˲֮ġǸǱʰҷѣҲӾٱ췴
Ҳ˵̰֮֮ˣ֮ǰ䵨Ϊ󲻹Ϊ֡
Ӧ󣬼˻̰ЩӣܺùҪƷĺá
ڳ˵Щ첱Ӵֵļơ
ϵͿųҺĴǣüġ
Ⱳñǡ췴֣Ҫ¡ܽ⣬ȻòˣȥʵǸںߵ顣Ӧ֮
Ųʥּ·ȥ·һּּ֮гֻҪ˳ؾ֮ǰһԿɼ̡
֮͸ԼдּڽһЦֽ̧ӽߵĻ
յּļ󣬾յ˳͢İҷѡ⼸İһʱϲѡ
ϲ˽ЩԼ˽УټԼµĸ١
һ֮ǰڳһΪѽ״ſ˿ڣҹиλǰһҪ档˵ұӦиλǰģֻǣҲ˵ԼպѰ
һڣѯʣ˾ͽ˻⣿¾˾ͽ˽Ѱ
̧֮ͷһۣѲһȦˣҡҡͷ̾ǰջϸ·һּĵĸһʰҷѣȷܽ˳Ĵī
ⲻұյ˳͢ÿ뵽ǰԡѪսĽʿǻδõһһĽͣȴҪ֮ǰǵʱҵľڼ尾ƽ֪ΥǾ¸֪λ
Ǿ֪£ڽ棬и֮ĸ֮ǰĿһĸ⡣
ⷬ󣬱㸽һ״ߵ͢£Ҳ̫ƽˣ˿ҪΪڳϵÿˣĸЩɳ̫֮ƽȴ˱ĴǣǲݺĺǷεǿɲܴӦǲֵǣ
Щ䶼Щ٣ҲǴײһ㿿ƴˣֱʵĶĳЩĶǣթ
Щ˱硢;Ϯ˱ܶЩؼȢϱΪ󣬲ȻԼսɳϡ
ȴû뵽ƴԡѪɱеĹûõ͢ĽͣЩȥܸġ
иɿ𣬴ҵ߳ŭȫ޺޵һʱνȺ鼤ߡ
֮ĸſ´ӪЧоҲˣ̧˵࣬ü̾񣬱佫͢ʱˣ۵һʱ۲һʱһ͢ٶλ˵˵δǺã
һ˵ĩЩǮӦ÷ԼˣΪҪЩװױȥ
˻һڣ˽Ը͡
ʵҲд⣬ֻǡ֮ΪѵһٿǿּˡϹ֮һ˵η壬ֻ۸еļˡ
˻һ˽һ
֮¸յĻƽϢȥδ˼ʱ䣬Ѹٳĸ˸۽Ƿ硣
ĸϻ⣬˲ʲĳ͢ΪλҪĩΪĽ˽ӳǱֱӷӹĻϣ
˻һֽһ
ĸȭ˼λֵܣѵҲҪǲʲ֮˲ɣôʲôصˡߣδǵģδǵģĻϣĳ͢ǲҪҲա
£ʱӢۣӵˣΪβִ֧λŴͬһͬǸĳ͢
ûϦϵڿϹӵġȻǰλܸԼӵˣǾ̱
ãˣˡӵˣǶӵˡ

 144 


֮ĸһһͣ˫ݵ൱λȻѾԼҪĽƾܡǫһĹ̻ҪеġȻֲ˵İӵΪѵĴӦҵ
ȫĹǰ󣬱˿ŵ³֮˽ͷȹ߹ٺ»ɻڴָտɴ
ʵ֮˵ֻг֮͢һ
֮һԼ͸ڽǣ編ƵŵǸ߹ٺ»ǹȰ£Լ¡
һռΪ˼С
˴֮Ҳó͢·İҷһ˫񣬼Ⱦ£Լµģ£Ľǡ
һۿԼһ̾Ҫˣ֮ĿνǿϲѡѾңԼۣŽӲϵģ
˹ģ¾㱸ֻһ£˱ҸͶˡ
֮Ķ³֮רĻƵա
׼ºͿѹĳ͢ϵ⣬нʿǰ곯͢ʮ״ڡֻɽӡַںУնʾˡ
ɴˣ֮쵼ʤ֮·ʽĻ
ҵϢؾͼֱѣת
޵Ƚʺ乬ȥԭ˾ͽץˡ
ϧƣ˾ͽѾڸУȥڸĶһЩͼλѾͷӺۡ
һʱѪӿشԼͷź֪Լ֮ļƣֱ˷۱
ڵֱֻȹϵϣĲϵ鷿תȦ
룬ͼ޶ڱԶˮⲻ˽ʡԼǵ㳯͢±Ҫ⣬ʣµǵ֮ʮĶ֡
Ԫأ죬ȥĪȥ
ԪؼæӦţúãūȥ

ʱĪߵ鷿ڣݼϡ
Īʱ޽ӵս֮ˡĴݣ򱱱ǱǶºݣºݱˣݣ¶ˡ
ͼ޵ĴڱһʱҲ޳Ī͢ҲֻӿãĪڿǺã
Īüĵ֮ھǡʱ췴
Īȴ⼸͢ȥϾ֧ԮүפأǷļӹ̣뼴ʹܹ֮ºݣҲô׹ݵġ
Ȼãֻ֮ǸսˣԼʮձ˺ܶʮ߰򣬿ֲӦ԰
ĪֵֹԵ߾ȫ
͵˵ͷãǰȥϾ̳


Īֵݵʱ֮ĴҲѹºݡսݳ⡣
ʤڶ֮֮࣬Ǹս֮ˣĪֵĳ͢У˫ս࣬͢˲أĪֻ˻سڣΪȴ֧Ԯ
Ҳ֪͢ޱáҲֻһ⣬ȥݡƽݽЩسǵĽʿȼü֮
ü޵սð˰ӼԶڱȥһ˷Ԯ
ݵƿյź֪ϽݷǱҪλϵıȫ˳
ڵ֪º󣬱ֵܶӧȥԮս
ƿû뵽ڴ˵ƼҸĻȻȺ壬ʮ־塣ʩһ󣬱ø˴Ԯһͬǰݡ

ʮպԶڱյĪֵԮš֮ңһʱûԤϵġ
ǰʱ֮ƺ¶ͱ֮ݣ췴
һ鶼ˣܶҲǰˡ
͵Ҿڽ״̬һʱ벻ֲݲˡֻȴӴг֮һıɺȻ֧Ԯ
ʣľӼҹս
սǳɱУҹ˶׺ȴвƶĸսԣÿս۶˲̶ͬȵˡ
вĸԣǿһº󣬵Ҿջǵֵסǿҹƺͳ䲻Ĵ򷨣˳īı
Ͼս£δʤ׷ü޼رǿԼȻϾ
ȥ֮ǰȻ˾͸ֻסһҹдŴȥݡ
һݣ㽫뵽˽µս顣
Լλ˸ʱδǰԾ֪ǲۺʱһѪҰ֮ģῴͿ̿Թۡ
ھ˼溮Ѽֱӽ⣬δٶԡ
˻㱨ľ飬²սƻ±㽫֮ʤ˳ݣºݡٹ£ֽºݶء
ˣ֮°˻ݡ
˽ݱһؾǣʱմãڳҲȫĹ衣
֮ǰһֱŸ֮ҷ췴Щǣеľݺᣬ֮ڽڴʤ񲻵һҪЩ˿йߡ

ͬϲѶҲղˬӣ˺ú˼ˣϲһ
岻ҿɫЩ԰ףĵʡдҽʿƣ
΢ЦŰ˰֣޷ҽʿ˹˵ģһЩЩϢϢͺˡ
ϲҲĲ̫񣬱үǰң˵вҪҼʱȥѰҽʿأ˵ŲƲϵˡҾȥѰҽʿĻȻүָѵûкúչˡ
ϲԽԽԼˣ̧ͻȻоųµĶЩ£һģһûסۡһ˳
¿ɰϲĲᣬ͵վȥԽԽӣŵû޳
ˣŲúõģһӾܳٵˣȥҽʿ
￴״ҲͷһĪǡ
죬ϲȥҽʿⷴӦĪϲˣ
ϲȫԾ̧ͷżѾͷʲôȥҽʿ
ȡȡȥȥϲ˵жྪϲһһͷܳӡ
˿ڣֱϿϡַ˵ϲ𣿡ŵԼʵ
Цŵ˵ͷⷴӦҼǵһϴʱҲš¿Ƴ٣
ҧҧ´ԴԺҵһֱ׼Ҳûرǹϸ룬ȷʵûˡ
Ǿˣ֢״һɲ͵ȺϢɣ
಻סּ飬ָؽԼ´
ʣ˺ӣ˵Ƕһϲ
ֻǾϲΪĻ㲻ôΣԽңԶҲǾ塣ԼԲ
жٻϲͬʱж㷣ֻһΣ˾ͻʧȥеϣ
̫θֿʼûһĹ˺üΡ
վ齱߲ͣıοĵҽʿ
ֹ˰յĹҽʿڵˡʰ󣬱㿪ʼΪ
ҽʿϸоϲûôˣһֱΪﲡ˽״һʱ治̫йϵ½ۡ
ϸϸĺһӡ
ҽʿüһһƽչƺδ¶ϲ֮ɫһ¾˰ء
Ϊⲻһջϲʱҽʿ֡
վЦĳֵϲˣϲ
͵˻ȥһϲĲҪ
ҽʿˣҲ֪ҵ塭Щţٴȷһ顣
ҽʿصĵ˵ͷģ¹ҲֽСģȷʵϲϲˣкˡ
ЦŲͣĵͷϲĹţ㣺ããǾͺáûͺá
Ȼ̧ḲԼСϣڰˡ
⻰ȸᣬֿЦĿʼĨ
ϲͨһĽűߣĵĴһ챣ӡĲû
æֹպһҪЩԣզզǰƤʡһ⾪˺ӡ
ҽʿܸˣЦڻ̥Ҳ£ƽʱ̫һҪΪϼ̥ҩպмǲҪĶҪЩ²Ʒ塣
ЦһһӦˣãҽʿˣϲȥԱ裬ЪһЪٿӰɡ
ҽʿлϲݡ

 145 


ĺϢҪŸ֪үʡ
룬ҡҡͷҽʿ˵ĺп̥󻹲̫ȣԼ̥ҩ̥ȶٸ֪Ҳ١
οүսݣҲܿͻأһϲ
룬ǲսǣң˵ҲǺõģ˵ͷδٶԡ
ҷط˰ɣͲҪ߶ˣʲôҪͷԸҺϲȥǡ
Ц֣ˡ
Цķ˵⻹澸ġ
߶˵ŻͿϲĽԺ
ϲȥСٰһѪ͵ԵĶȫˣҪٳЩʡĶźӡ˵
ϲӦȣõȥ

Դӵ֪ÿձŻĸšֻķӦԽԽʲôʲôһҪΣȴ֮ǰЩԽԵСݲ԰ˡ
ÿÿͳĲУľҽʿΪԼǶչţΨһοıǺԽԽˡ
ү֪кӵ£֪öءǲ֪ҪʲôʱʱܻءڴߵİϣһŻͷЬһϲЦտ˵
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үһš˵ŻͼϲһŻϲĽݡ
쿴ǲ˵Ҫˡ
Цүǲأ˵˵ž͵ˡ
æЦŽӹţһŷپġȲı˿
ϲԽЦԽЩżʣүҪˣ
򴽣ү˵Ͼս½󣬻ҪȥأҪѾн֮ǰȫܻؾӦǻزˡ
ŶϲЩѹǲ罫˺ӵ¸үү϶ջġ
ҡҡͷǲס֮ǰ˵֮ľҲսɳϵǹۣҲǣŷġģ輱һʱοӻСٶЩʱҲ޷ġ
һˣͷ΢֮ǰΪү檵£Թ϶ƫխ
ڿԼˡ
һһһ˫˵黳ǲڵǸ¡ʶġ
еЬСϵ룬ЦҲˣڳãЪ˰ɡ
ѹеʧ䣬ŵ𣬽˹

תһѻ̥࣬Ҳʼ̥
ڵܵļϣÿճ˳Ա˯˶ҲڸеĻ԰ɢɢ
ѽ԰ƬջѾվھСϣһš޶ĿĻͷҡҷţҲ
ϲӾһ˹ıϵͷԹΪǴǰأôϧԼӣվڷҲ֪Ӽѡ
Цһۣ˵ɹ̫ˣưϸġ㵹ҵӣյĹܶġ
ϲ˾죬й
˭ˣԴӸͳһһӡ
ϲ̧ԼУǺƽһ
ȫдˣƱ硣Ȼס˵ʲôĵҲ԰⡣
ϲȦһ죬ûС
ЦϣΪ˸ˣƵã˵˵ҪءǺ£
ϲҧŴĬ
ͻȻое㲻̫ԣϲֱʲô¼ʹ˵Ҳزסǲأˣʲ
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˵ȴֲ˵̣ȴԽԽԽ̾Խүί
һӣ֪϶¡Ǻ£˵ЩżˡҪϻУ
ҲҲûʲô¡ûסҾүЩ̫ûˣڱү
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䣬Ҳܱϲֻؼıãֺԡ
Сӣôסֻ˼үĻ㽫ˣ
ֻǼ仵˵ϱߵºݻĵˣүǸŵıСˣ˵Ҫ
ϲס죡ǰ԰ݵֹסϲ
ЩĻ컰߸ʲô㲻УЩ߰㲻£Īǰźˡ
ϲŵһס͵ʹͷ֪ˣٲˡ
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֣ҲСˣЩ£رү£ǲңүް
һɫ֪Щˣ˼֣ĪҪģһЩɢˣĪ⡣
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裬֣Ȼȥɡ
üֻӦȥ

ʤһߵǰƽմ˼Ϊɫе㲻Ѱ
˹֣Цҡ
΢Цŵ˵ͷȷʵҹܼңҾֱӿżɽˡùܼҰĹүҽһ
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ҼȻѾʹܼˣֺα֪ǵЩ̫õ²˵ǣԽڣ˵ԽұԽ֪
ʹŲ˵ҲԶѵ´ԣǺβһЩ
ʤڨڨЦЦˡʵм£Ҳʲô£ֻǡ
ܼңҪʵ飬ȫʵ飡ĪҪҶ
ʤа룺֮ǰҲϳǽŽʿɱоˣһŮӡ˵Ӳ㣬ֺ֪αִŲ˵
ʵм¡һǰơºݷ˵ӦŰɣ
˵ͷδһ֪Щġ͢𣿿ɻʲô·
°ɻͷ˵һǰǳԴº֮䣬Ҳܵ˲ʱҹջڳ˯Уһݵ˵˱ࡣ
ʤ̾һرǺӺΪء
үƿһҪȰٺðգ֣ܵݰҲõưãʳҽҩû̫֮ǡҲֻպԼҷˡ
ΪصºݰվûôˡȻҲյ˳͢·ºݿûүôֵ·ţм䲻֪ж̰͵еǮжپͿ֪ˡ
֮Ƚȣ˵̫࣬ƴܶʬ׶ӽ˽һʱʬѬ죬һСߡ
һЩԱȫºݣһºݱ˹ˡ
ºݱγ˺ܶ޼ҿɹ񡣡
ʤε̾˿˵ʹʹĥİһֱ޷õưźҽΣ־սΪѹǵһݡʱһۼһͻɱ񡣰ƺѾʼͷˡ
ü˵Ļ͢Щ̰վǮȷʵɺޣҪ˵ȫɱҲΪֻһ㲻ºݰպ޵Ӧǳ͢Щ̰ٲŶԣΪȴүҧгݣ

 146 


ʣֻһ㲻ºݰպ޵Ӧǳ͢Щ̰ٲŶԣΪȴүҧгݣ
ʤ߷ߵľ⡣ºݡݱүȥʱġʱүݰճŵպ˳˴īԴīһ޶ΪүʢԶЩպܿ㶼Ը˳īҲ˺˳Ľ˳Ƿ
ֻϧݺ󣬻ϱ㽫ݵľȨ˻ȥϼȻү֣ںܶүοүں֮սЩˡ
Ȼүƴ˾ºжݵְգϾޡͬݰõǰƣºжȴ֮ر𣬰ȻоԼԭʶܵԴ
֪үΪֻ֮סµĳŵԣǱԹȫүͷϡ
Ϊոеʹֺս˷ϵ֣ԳʤڸоҲֻүƽһҪǡ
룬үʤǰսЩں󷽱ңүҪܵУ
УҲ鷢Ѿֻˡ
ʤͷһϲŽ˵ȴû뵽ôһĹð취ˣ
ǸæʲôˣҪЩʲô
һۣҪҪΪұҪȥºݡ
ʤʱʧɫʹãڿɲֻһˣ㻹үĺӡʲôҪģȥǡ
ҡͷ£治ң˭Ҳ治ңֻȥſүģүޡ
үŵģһġ
ϲүºûϵǲٸҪ˽˵ݣ֮޵ȥºݣǻܲȥȰղɣ
ʤͣҡͷˡ֪Ӵ󣬵ĺۼĹ֮
һŮôĵȥ£οڻߡ
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챻Цˣҳ㻹ܹܵңο㲻ȥҾȥ㲻ǵҳǵ꣬Լ͵͵ȥүˣ
ʤʱŵѪɫƿԡ
УĿү븹ܵеĴЩɱͷ֮ǶԸүʱү񲻸Ӽѡ
οЩνıڻֻ񣬺úðú󣬱ֻΪ񡣵һ˿·˭Ըȥң
үʲôܵУսôˣѵ˽ĽɱѪɺӣ
ʤһ٣⻹ͷƵֱİԼ˵
ŻҰܵվߵԣı۰򣬰Ȱ밲οҺүһߵյģʼն
ֻҪһƽµϣҾͲܲȥܼң֪үǰҵ񽻸㣬ôȷʵΪˡģҲµġ
ʤתͷ˺һᣬֻĵ˵ͷ
ЦˣǻҪͷܼҽȥݣƴӡҾ籸һұ

ӳʤ֪º󣬾඼첻ˣ֪Сôźá
ＱȹϵԺתһµϲָӡϲֺֺ£һֱĨᡣ
һԺһĻ
æȥȰ֣ѵϲˣʲô޷ǾǵңΪүƽˡ
ʹû˵Ҳһʱһһǻ֪ġ
˵ĺںܺãҵҲܺãֻǳԶŶѣûʲô˵ģô
ڼҲ֪ôȰˣͨһ͹ȥ
޵ˣĸɣȥˣúڸС˵£޸ɵģ澿ɲͺһذ
æ֪ǵңĺӡѵֻǣͲүˣ
үһֱԼĶӻףԶԡѪս޳ĪĿν˳ɻڿʱһֳָӣͲпܻ븹ܵеĴ𣿡
ЩһѪֱѡ
ôܲģСͰͷ⣬ԼĶ׻ۡ
Ϊˣںò˺ӣƴıֻǣȽү
һֹס˿󣬰һ˲ᣬ˵ֶү֪ģ˵үѹҲοҴȥһ·ûʲôΣգֻԶЩˡһϲһֱңҡٰҽʿҲһϣͺˡ
ĬƬ̣˾䣺һ·Ҫ澵Ȱܳǿ·˺ӡ
Ц£˱ļ磬ãȰ
ȻתͷϲϲȷֵɻᡣһִװɣˣҲЩҪȥš
ϲĨһϵĲᣬƴͷ֪ˡ

һ·ϣչӤϸչĵܵ˺ӡ챣ӣҺһ˳һڶʮ󵽴ݡ
һݸۡƿѯº
ͳʤ˵ĴͬϾߣܶϸ˵ĸ꾡Щ
磬ºݰеĿʵҩġԵ±ܶԾȻİգ޷õʱҽζ
ٱ磬Ϊº̫صʧְڲɢأºܶ౾İҲȾȥ
ȥһ࣬˿ֻţЩʬ׾͸˸ȥ񣬱ٴεɢӣ˶ѭ
ࡣ
ԱĲΪµЩҾкܶ࣬꣬Ƿߺѵ
Щûϱ𣿡
ƿεҡҡͷȻСֻҾ顣
ָշʱϵӹﲦһԴºݰնүֲ󣬻Ϸˡ
˭£һֻۡһֻ۵ķš˵ˣôΪϰֱһѾ
ƿԽ˵ԽߣⴷضҲ޼£ֻ̾ϧүʱ޷ھʹϲҲڷչֵز
һ˼ǡǱʣΪ˻ٻݰյˡ
֮ҪҽȺͰºݵİաȻָ͢ϣǱԼȥ֮ǰӣӿɶյˣ
ƿµ˵ͷյʡһǳܼҴӾġһǴġǱĿ޴󣬸Ǻ˾ģ
ʲôǿµűǰȷɸ봫òƹܳＯݡ
Ҳ֪Ǻ˾ģӦ˵زžİɣܹǺ˶ģǲҪġ
ƿΪжĵ˵ͷǰЩˣЩ£ǲϡ
㿴Ӽһ𣬿ɹӦºģʡ
ƿҡҡͷΪεĵ䵥ӵĿǲ٣Ͼεһݵİգҹˣɮ١
޷ȥ취ļ赽١ЩӦֵܵһ󣬵мΪҪ£ҪӰæ
ƿ¹ֵԸԻ߾ȫ
պұ㶯ȥºݣЩΰյҩĻӰҹá
֮ǰҽʿƳߵҩȫҩĺץȥºݼȿɡ
ǣһὫ°ףġ
˸ѾԻĶӣ΢Цм£ΪºѾסˣӦһͬǰġȥ˶Ҳ档Իգ취ڸС
ƿɨ¡ĸ岻㣬ĸ¡
ЦҲùסһͬȥģ罫Ҹġ
ĸ飬ƿָмƿҪ²ͬȥҲ׷棬ͬȥҲܶϡ
ҡͷˡףֻǴлңүͨʱһҲȥºݵսϷġ
ƿٴοһĶӣģס
ЦЦǱлˡºҪõҩһӦڴ˱ȫиˡ

 147 


պϲҽʿͬ£һ·
֪ƿ¹ڲȥһߺǴض㣬ĨᡣֱƿȥѰ
ƿȰȲҪ˵µҲΥ
ȴТΪΰڲƭ
ƿ¼ôȰУֻ֮Яһͬǰһ򣬱跹ĹգŽƽϢŭ
֪º󣬱ȥһšһǰοǸãǲԼΪβȥԭɡԲ⣬ԼңܶԼܷſֽȥݡ
￴ź֪ѶĲȥҲֻòȥºݵˡ

񵽴ºݵʮպ󣬲ܵʤҲӱ޵ºݡ
һǾ·ն̸ү
˵֮ǰα̰͢ɱΪүҲһǡ˵үиȢһλòĵӣ׻ºݾǡ

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ͻȻ뵽ݳǲ㱻ʱ˵ҲλŽʿڳǽϼ˼գŻסûܵݱ
һλüŮӣ˾壡ܵʤҡͷ̾
̾ţ붫ԼüǼҲ˩һۡ
ǲڿһˣһ¥ҲȫѵһţһЪҵӡ
ǲԼҴطʱһ˵ѯ֮ʸ¿ǲƹ񣿡
ܵʤæͷȥֻһλ׳ԼĿ̽Ǹ֮ˣ˱ȭ¡
׳ޱ˵Ҽ¥ϵ㣬Ʋ
ܵʤ˵ͷ½ֵ˵ϵĻҳ׳¥
ڳŲ裬󣬷²豭תͷ¥ݿڡǲƹˣվ
׳ܵʤ¥󣬱ȥܵʤͷлȻ¥ȥ
һŮװͦж΢ЦԼʱʱԭء
ļЦˣԼĶӶһֱδܵüֻڵӣаѲƹţ
ܵʤл˵ԼͲǸŮͻȻڵӣһʱ䣬⡣
ԼЩʧ̬󣬸æֶĪ֣̫ԾЩʧˣǡ
Ц޷ƹҲˣʵǸŮʵ޷ٴװұǲŲƹģ
˵Ϊһ裬ƹȳԿڲ裬ЪЪš
ܵʤæӹ裬ֵл
񻹺֮ǰһˬĺЦ鵹Ҳŷ˼֣ͻȻݶİҲȥ
ܵʤһڲ裬²豭ٴοǰ£̬ͻȻʮֹһ·ıǰ̸¡
˵ΰӣΪհ෢ιΪҽβ׿ʶձסɢͼءɵİŰգв߸룬޲Ǩߵᡭ
ʱһ룬λŮӣ뵽տ˵ò˵Ӧɣ
񻺻ЦˣڲƹεġŮݣµҲ
ƹʱȻҪݡ
æˣƹĪҪЩȽڡûˣĪҪ־ˡ
֮ǰ֪֮ǣ㿴ǡ
ܵʤڨڨЦЦ
ϣպҶˣܺʹǰһ㣬ֻǶҡ
ܵʤ˹֣ǡȻ˻ȥ
΢΢ЦЦռƹʵҪֿ̣˵󣬹ƹͶ
ұ㲻ؿԸ
΢Цˣұ㿪żɽˡº֮ƹ˽⣿
ܵʤһ˵Щ˽⣬ЩҶҲסضϴҳＯôΪ˸Ƿҩƺİɣ
˵ͷ
ǶȥＯ
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ܵʤ:ҿҪ
˵˸ܵʤ󲻾΢΢ü
֪ͿдòƹȥＯôһȷʵΪˡҲֻܰиȥŷġ㿴ȥĹϳӣ˷У
ܵʤ˼Ƭ̣ڵЩѣĿ̫ˡһʱ½費ôࡣ
룬УӰɡ
ܵʤļ̧ͷԾʣҪӣ
̾һÿӶǲƹΪģԼὫЩɡ
ٳＯôҲΨд˷ˡ
ܵʤ򴽲
οƹ⣬ǺͽˣʱҲҽЩ˵ⶫҵҶţʵͽֳࡣشЩӵĸҲͻȻ˵Ҫ᲻á
ӱϾ֮յҪʧȥպǿûˣȴҲزˡ
ܵʤεĵ˵ͷ˵ǡԶ׿ʶһֱǳľ壬˺Ҷ᲻ãȴΪ˰˵زڼΪȵжҲûܼ۷͢˶㡭
˰֣ƹޣҿɵֻƽնү̵ԶЩˡս⣬Щ±޳ĪҲֻǶѡ
֪ƹΪЩӸ̫Ѫ˵ԴԼǰ㾫ĶΪͻȻҪˣҲѹ¶֮ɫ¼ȨҲʵ֮١
Ϊƹˡ
ܵʤҡҡͷֵвᣬҵľģһá
ͷл
ʶңʱҪ
һһºҪ

һºݱ㼴֮˿ʼְա
˽߲߸뿪ٽ߲ȥֽշֳԱԱߣԱչԱֺؽ
ȵò߲Ըⱻ룬ΨԼᱻȫһŷ
ڵ֪󣬲ͺ߲ΣգͦŶӣվڳǽϸˣʱѾķҩҲѾʹϾͿ԰ҩβˣŷĵȥ˸
߲õ˿ƺƣǱҲ֮ǰôֻţֺؽҲɵĽš
ЩʧȥݱİգҲư£ĻУؽ򷭽Լļҡ
鶼ķչţºݳҲûԹڵ󣬷ĸӸж£ûзǣǰǣֲ֪жⳡѡ
˻·ܹط԰תΪϲĺ£˶Ϊѽһౡ֮˶ţΪһеҫ
ڽڳ޵ĺȻסܿ촫˾ǣսӪ˵ƾ١
֪˺ӺϲȻԶһ뵽ºݣֿʼ
УȥºݣʤƿʱΪûǷҲ֪£һֱδ˵Ž
ŽͻȻæ𷽲ŵƤЦֵԩүҺһҲǽ֪¡룬϶֪ΪģŹⲻƿº͹ܼҸġ
Ȼǳ˱ӵҲ°˵ү֪£˭ס
ƵĶһۣ㵹ǺܻΪǿѡ
ŽٺЦЦͷүģº߲õ˿ƣںתͺӿ϶ƽְġ
Ƭ̣Ž֮սΪҪսڼһʱѲ˿̻ȥºݿһ⣬ȥ͸κβײٲҡ
Žֵףүġ
˵ͷתص빺ʼдš
𱸼Ĵ󵨲źӻ; һ룬֪º֮ȥسŵðաһжΪԼ𱸵Ļдȥ
תʿʼ˵˼ȥΰձмֶһҪϧ壬οҪԼ῭
дõŵŽȥɣмǱһΨʡ
ŽӹţŽ´֣صȻתȥ
ŽߺȥĪ

 148 


Īֽʺ󣬶ڰ빺˹֣үѰң
˵ͷЦ
ĪֱӶżɽĪӦ˵ºݵ˰ɣ
ĪһԾָü̾Ҫϲүˣ˵ǻȥºݡ
ʱϲüЦĿǰֽʱձһҲҪץǣδսؾҲһŮǴСһų񲻸ã
ĪֿɬһЦҡҡͷ⣬ʮ֮˾̬֮
Īܰ£Ҳ֪ЩġʱܴӦ£ȫΪ˻͵Σ˵Ըǰһ壬ΪԼ
мͬʱҲΪ̾Ϣ¶֮ҪΪٶһų£ֲȱʱȴ˶ԡ
תǰʵҪ̡
Īɿһֱŵöң̧ͷ
֮֮ս²֮ǰһʱԣһֱδᡣȴʱ˺͡
ĪֶӣŶμƣ

һֱϵµʿī͢·ǰҷѵһֱ֪
֮һ·̤صĸ֣֮˽µ֮£Ǯŵ߹ٺ⣬֮ŵǴ³֮عط磬Ǳȥī
һʼν裬һļϣ֮ʤϵַڽڰˣǵѺ۱㿪ʼ¶
Ľս֮໥ԹжΣ֮˫һͬʣ²ȴԵײ㽫ʿǿʼ˱ˣ
ʿ֮ĹٱԹԽԽѺҲԽԽ
͹ԡ
ڴʱ֮˽̰ҷѡԭǮɳ²ַָԼµ׳ȥ
ף֮ɸңͬǶīҲΣһĵ꣬װ˷һüƲߡ
ʱȴͬʱº֮ΪӮĺøΡڴʱ֮ƭǵ׳ȥһʯǧˡ
Ȼ룬֮ŵǵĶãһʼƭǡ֮ŵ͸ֵˣ֮ҪΪ
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ڴʱƲ˵Ī֡
ݵҪѹǿԱνñ֮ΪϣΪ¡սΪϣսΪ¡ʱô˼ʿ꣬ٺò
ĪֵͷЦ˼û뵽ºݰգһ֮ȥ˰ţҼ˵֮ˣװĴӪǽɢȥ

ۿٽ꣬ҲԽأŽÿͦŶӽʵΪ㣬ߴݽ
ʵֲҲ߶㽫ƺβ½ȥǰݡ
δ뷵̵·ߵһ룬Ϣ
һʱҲǣҲǣıԹڳԵŽ˵ºݵүҪÿŻݣ㿴ڽ˰ɣ
ŽȴЦѣǳǰ߱ǣү֪ݣӱ޵ĸϻݼ
ߡӣƵĵһۣºݣܸͣǼ̵ͷء
Žæֹɱˣôصʲôһһֶһ·̣㲻ۣСӻأ͵ɡ
˸ӣһʱûƢ㲻ҵĻүҲ״
ŽЦˣܸ棬үҪúñģܳһء㿴¡µģסվôԽˣѩ·ģһһţҿôүͷİɣҵľүһأ
Ĳһӣ˳
ϲһԿƵŽ˵ûƢ͵͵֡
ƽʱϲŽ죬ȫҲֻŽҲĻԴˣŭ˷ѣշϲ룬ȷʵһ˲һ
Ž˿ӣ˵ԼģεΪ˰ԼӶˡϧˣǵӵƼȣպٲܰ׳԰׺ˡʹﶫôĻԵպ񲻾ֻˮķˣ
ϲȫһЦǸûϢġ
˭˵ҽ¥ҲˣҲδ׼ȥ׳԰׺ȣ㻹Բѵ˵ƹǶأ֮ǰǷµģպҪġҵĻպүծ
ŽЦˣΪȥ߳ԲϷĻ۰ɡ
ȡ񶼱Цˣǲ
Ļ䣬ﳵʱ˼˵ĴЦһ·ĻЦУʮպִݡ

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Ӻ濴ȻŮã׵Сˡ
ָЩЩŬѵרעӣ˴ǡ
ĲƣĹĵĶϣͻȻްֻҸ޺
·쵽˫۾ڶԼĲͷȥ
ʱ־ϲ
һѩ׺ãխѩӳ£һ͵Ļ͸Ĺ⡣
ųЦ˫ۣ
үˣŲתת˽Ļ
Цһֽסһ°ϸꡣˣСˣΪңܿˡ
˷ܵһʱΣżһڣȫ˻δļµ͸ǡǾĿзӦ󣬸æݡ
ү㡭
ԼĽףһУһڸȪĿڣθ
Žʲôһѽ
һ漴ӦŴŴĵ
ҲƲס㺵ӿԼϣͷȥ
һƽյ繣ݺ˱⣬ƲסľšֱıŷŹ
糺죬˫ֵʵţߵЩСĺ
һʱ飬ĶӣæɿЩ
ͷŶӣЦѾ߸ˣǸģڶ֡
ӹЦüۣҲָ̧ȥЦһúýѵô㡣
ѵ
Ц£δ㻤ţ˵ĸܶҿպ⺢ӻǵ̡ܽ
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Цǣǣ֮أ㵽ʱ۲á
˾죬ֲǷǶԴ𣿡
ҡͷ²˵ҪԹۺЧ
ĵһۣߣᡣ
һЦͷľôкϵζҲˣš
үᡭ
˾һһģһĥţ춼Ҳδꡣ
ֱ˶ӵĹȥţ˷ѵ˺ʱ
æȥԡϴүˣ⼸ո·۵ģϴϴЪˣ
ӽź۾ûƿʱȻŹһϴ
Ӳ㣬ֲźȥˣԼϴ
Ȼ֪û˵Ҫ㡣ţ࿴㡣
ֵĹɷ˵ıԡ˾ֱԡͰ
ܶҵĶӿûеϡ𣿡
ǰǺúõģȴͻȻͦŸӱһֱ۵ƣмΪ顣
ЦˣеŮǰֲûϡ档ֻǿͿ˵һֻôƵģ޲ܽ
ţû̫ÿ᲻ƿۡ
ߴЦ򴽲ҲͷȥԼĶӡ
ˮ˹⻬Ķ֣˵ȥƺºֵİգΪǸмȢ㣬򸴺󣿡
ЦЦҲŲҪĸм
Ҫʲô
ֻҪǾ򸴺͹ˡ
Цһ£ĶӵֹǷ򸴺󣬼ֱ
ϲ˲䣬𡣡
ĴЦЦ͢ĳＯôȥºݰյģ
ƫͷһۣˣеʱһϲ
ȴװһ״ҽ⼸ܵлóˣ˼ӡ
ΪἫ֮ʣﵽһ飬ñ޵׼ˣ׼һѴȻлĻʡδϵȴֻһ
ˣһᣬûģȵʡ
ûпޣûǾ\'պΪ㹻ٰȫ\'ĻҲûУ
̿ļЦˣΪӦô˵һֱͲ̫ϲȥ̣֪ġ㣬㲻ˣ
үǹӲţͺߣүԼϴɣҲŲҪӲŵϴ
˵Ҫȥ
ĹĵСǿɰĽٶһģţæˣΪЦģǶһ㡣
֪ϲЩ⣬ΪΪʹֻպˣֺαǼӣҪʲôҲø㣿
ԣֵĶһ٣ȵĻعͷ

 149 


ǰʱԼûл󣬲֪ߵһΪΡʱһָоǳ֮
һоҲ᲻ǳ̲
ЩϾڸпΪ¡½˼ʳ֮͵ʱһЩ˼ˡĸʲôǷ֮롣
οԼҲδ¶ⷽ˼Ǵ治
ɽҹȴܻ˵˳ܲ𾪡
ү˵ĿģЦЩŵʡ
ȻģЦСɵϡ
ǻϡ
֮ұɻΨһжƶʲ¼ɵԣڳá⡣
ת§סĲӣǵʣɻ㲻ֲ֪ʱ㲻η
ɫǾ壬æοԲҲú˵Щģˣ
ģΪ򲻻µġϱƽ֮ң㻹ΪҾºݰպҵͷ̫ʢǲѡڴʱҶֵġպ붯ʱҲ֪
ˣ꣬ûзԴС
һŰĲ١
Щ͢гϵִʱڵӾﲻ֪٣ЩҲס
ǸͶްƶ֮ܣΪ֮ġ⣬֮ػ֮־ͶܡƲһûʵۡ
Ļʵۣλͣǰ֮£
ϵЩı಻ᡣȻﲻҲûҪ˺ͬˡ
ʲô£õġʲôҶվһҪͬʹࡢͬ
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һʱͷٰζжۡҸŨŨ֯һ޷
ֻֻĽͳ񣬲ӲıôۣڶУ޷԰Ρ
ԼŻǰ˲ͬᵽҸ
оԼͻȻİģۼİڿƣҪ籡
񡭡ͷһвáԼʲôˣּôˣ
ûӦͱһѱԡȡүСĺû˵ͱ˷ŵ˴ϡ
һʱЩµ񣬿ߣһԼʱˣүڲС
зִ磬¡Ҿһסһ㡭
ҪţŶˣ˵ֲû
ˮô壿ĺӶôˣжûúÿˣ
󣺡ɣĪ¡
ǴҲֻ˵Ҫ󻹲ھаԼһʱĵģ͸ˣ
δԥ̧һȾ͵˳ȥ
̫Ͷûзһţ㱻´ȥ
ڴ߿Цų⣬ֻաúº§Ŀ
ȣΪҹ·۵˯ˣɹһᣬоԼʼûˣ֪δ˯ܡ
ͻȻֿʼôϲԼӣ궼δˣǲ̫ˣ
תȥʣʵܣҪҪҽֻã
ƻߵӣļЦˡ
ʱˣЦʲôϡˡպĪҪң
æ粵ǲϡϵÿëҶϡţΪ
˶٣ЦŸߵ㣬ܣġ
Ƥһ죬ñסҲŲ㣬ܣҶöԡ
СһЦһѽԼ̽£⻬ӣƻҼ£ǲġ

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񻶹Ͼɺƿ´ţֱػݵľӪ
֮ǰΪֲμӹ֮ңɱΣ˴ƽйټ飬˷㹦֣͢׷
ЩĽʿЩ˲ٹһɱӣ㰴͢ѡ顣
ЩԸϾ±Žȥݡ
պЩĪִĳ͢һϻؾȴ͢°á
һӳٻؾۣ
һΣֹȥ¡
˼ҹòײĺӣ֮ȴԤҪ˼졣
ľİ꣬ͱˡһҪϢϾλЩźӡѾҲŵæµ
ˮˮĶ裬˳ڼӭӺϲС
Ϊĸ֮ǰҲ׼һ̵ʱ׻ǻЩţġ
Ļ᲻ΪԼǼµæµӰ쵽ӷɳ᲻ǸıΪк˿ֻƽͺá
ʵֻҪĵŮǺõġ
һ߳ʹţһߺš
ʹԽԽƵԽԽң֪⺢Ҫˡ
ʹҧסеĽڲһߴٵУƴʹž屻˺ѰʹʹԽԽѾڲ
Ҳ̲סʹĴĽ˳
˻ߵĽкסʱҲȹϵϣ۵ԭشתת
ڲŴʹ-һʱ޲ܽȥ
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һᣬٴδ򿪣æתȥŮж˵Ķʱĵʱԭء
Ѿˮ裬ʢĻˮʢѪ㣬ֱ۾
ûӦͿĲŻŵ˳һĵүˣ̥λǺѪǰסΪԷһүȾǱӻǱ˰ɣ
仰ǵֱֱըϡ
ҲδľŭõĶȻǱˡ˶£Ωʣ
ŵ仰˲˵ӣǵĺӰڵҲ̧ˣʹĸһ仰Ҳ˵
ŽվԺſڣҲڽĵϲѶĵŭŵĵʱһ顣
үô꣬ʱ㼱ŭĵ˵ҲδôƢ
ʧȥǵģΨĪ˳
ŽĿһĵ¿ɻˡһʱҲ˲ٱӣֱܽԺ
Ȼͼͨһ˫۾˲
ɱ˴ǰϥأסѺʪ֣ˣ㣬Ī£һµģ
ʹܳɳܺıƶϣһҲֻǸʧȥ޵ɷ޴־ͷ
ûӦƵģζδӦδô¹һ˵ţ֡
ѹתתͷ󣬾΢΢һ漴´ǣ˼´꣬ȴһҲδܷ
ʱʱʹĥ˿һľȫ
һ˫۾۵ĶлԼ˵㽫ǺѪɫĴ
үӣúǵĺþȫ˵仰ȴš

 150 


˵⼸飬Ҹʱ⣬Һˣպú㡭
뵵ۿ̲סĪҪ˵ɵϡΪΪҾѵúһʧȥ˫ף¶ϣΪ㣬ţŬһ£סȥΪҡ
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ϲһԿţҲŵɫֻ֪ſޡ
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ƾɺ֮ٴҧأþȫƴ䡣
ˣˡžϲĴУӵͷˣүӣ࣬ҪˣЩ
۵ʵûˣ˼ûˣֻ˯ȥ˯ȥ
үү˵˵ļ㷽ĺܺáŽе
ӾϲĽźҪʱֱҪϲˣֻգۼ䣬ֿҪȥٴνк֣Ҫ˯ȥЩȥ
ſʵûˣȥСһٴζˮιȣԱӵ
ֻˮʮųιȥӼֱ߶״һѽ˹ˮȥι
֪Ǻ˵㶫Եʣ۵ľоʹûôǿˣҲָЩ֪Ŭĳĸʹ˼
ץס֣ĹУҧƴ
ۡ
һĿžϲĽеӳˣˣλСأ
ŸǻڶʱһգʹҲ֮ʧþӵĿһɣʱ˹ȥ
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ΪĲûг֣ΣֻǺ˯һ
˯Ѻʱĵе쳣㲣Ѫ˿˫ۣںڵȦӲҰ׺Ѫɫ
ģһʹ
գգ۾ŬԼ˼ЩʱʱһĻ
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һ߶źӣһЦ޷⺢ӳĺء
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Цϲ̸࣬޲˰
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ּ󣬱޶˾
ȥת˴һ꣬·ѺȵƽտʱѾʹ˽ˡ京첻壬˵ĻҲȽϼ򵥣𣬵˵Ȥϲĺܡ
ֻҪһһѡЬӣǶ˵ơ
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͵ǹķɿ죬һոһգ긴һ꣬࣬Ҳ졣
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ձǻʵ͵ٳ׳ʥٽڡ
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еİԽʥٽڵ¡ظе棬ӽ³Ͼʶ㣬ܶҲǼֵ߲ģ治գûȤۣԼСӡ

ʥٽգΪ״µʯɫīɫQﵽ⽫һ£ԵӢˣ׿
ͭп˿ԼЦֲҹ٣Ҵ
żĲһڣЦۺʱҵķȻҪõˡ
ЦŽϸһ§ȤķЩѾõˣ
˵겢ش𣬵ͷҪ
æſ飺ŸүѣҪ֣񲻻ҪŪʱ쵽ˣүȥɣĪҪ̫ƣϻѬ
ȥϵһ鷢΢Ц˵ҽ󣬴ŻмղܻĪģڸкúտҾͺá
һʱûӦſﲻǲ⳼ҹͻȻʲôͷһļ̧ͷʣ֮ǰ˵£ڽգ
΢΢ЦЦÿɷȴҲδ
ǿѹеĻҺǾ壬ʣ˵ô𣿡
Ͳҵ˼ΪĻҪء֮һ곯д󳼻ҽύԽԽ࣬סˡ
Լ϶֣
˵ͷΪ磬Ϊ˲ʶ׳ɹӦĻᡣ
㡭ҧҧ´ǵĻؿڡ
᲻֪룬ҲˣһʱԹڡİţδҸ͸¶֣ľͿʼġ
ֻ֪ܻأˣò֪
Ī£֣οΪ򲻻µġѰ׵ұĻ
Ĭһ˲̧ʱǾɫѱǿѹĵףһɵ˵ȻүᰲȻģ£ҲүүȥԼ£ĪҪΪĸӵķ񡣡
ͷһ뻳Сһ
ЦͳţֱıӰʧŻ˷
һԺţŽػӣκ쳣̴ĸ뿪
Žֵǣ

 151 


ʱ̣콫ڲʱƷϵԱѴվ˹ſڡϹٵЦຮ̸ţֻпһ빬١
ʱп̣Ҳ˹ſڣ˷׷׳ּ
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ǰÿһ룬ڷһּޣװһ£ׯֻÿ˶ǰһ
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һһ£˻˼ҳῪʼ
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Ī֣ĪҲĿڿнʱ΢΢һЦ漴ָƿߡ
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ֽĿɨޣڸ;ƣЦĽһֶԼ˵Ц˼䡣
˵Լ֮ǰİͶ߷ɵĻĪִҪֵϢഫ˿ɿϢɱּ֡
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Է壡ŭһҪּ񣿡⼸ԷνĹԼʥ⡣
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˵仰ʲôƵģ͵ؿվһԵԪء
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ȴšֻ֪£ȥƣͺɲɵǱòȵˣͺɲɵвֻĲĴ£
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뵽˴ͼŭģ彣һԪأһԪصš
ԪؾĿͣ˫סѪĿѵ³֣ϣūδ˵㵹
ЦȴţȻŲκһˡ
ŭһʱҲ˲ùôˡȻ˵Ѱ֣ǺãĪפڳڵĳ͢ȫǸɱˡ
Ī䣬ٷźţóڵĳ֧͢ԮɱЩ

 152 


ھϯĪֱʱŻվߵ󣬶͵һЦϣ
һ㶣⻰⣬޲ǰաδ˵ǿ͸ʲôļɲס˼ʣҲˣ
ĪЦЦδشȴÿɷ
Ͳŵʣ᣿ȢãȢ޵ıáװѵֲǼ֮飿
ʱʹٱҲЩʲôһʣĪǡ⼸꣬صߣ޵ΣһжǼٵģ
ĪֵЦûһ˵ˡǲףǳˡ˶ǰνĸܽһϾɱˣķҲĪˣ
Ͷʱ˵
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