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ؼ֣ǣ֥  ǣ   

һ仰飺ũŮķܶ 

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1.  ǽ   

ź죬һҹĺХдѩˮӲ

һƬȺɽһӴɽǽ⣬ֱȥׯũｻڴ˽ض½˹ϵĴ󲿷ֿ档

͸뷿ڣҸžͿ֨֨첻ϣƿţ½½źǷӸ˳

ĸ½˴ţ˯֥ˣŴߵĻǽǽ͸⣬ֲǸûʽǰ䣺
ǰѧҵͽǵ׽̣оǹʲߣǮڳ򷿣ֻܿԼÿ°󵽽ϰڵ̯һȥ׬ıϰ໹ߣڷۻδ֮ǰӾ֣Ǯ˸С꣬ƻ˿꣬ϺĩԼ׬죬СӼƻĺã˭뼤ͷת˹Ŵأ
ŴҲͰˣǸںģһѾ

ׯһܸˣܸɲ˵ֵأһʱºϡȾֽգصգһʮˡ

ʱһԿοţԺӾϷӵĴƿһӹͼϵĺֽŵ΢紵ķˡ죬ӴӸƹֽдֽģ׼Ⱦϵģ׼ֽС͵ģС¯ô죬Ⱦϲһ¿ɲˢֽ

֨ѽ֨ѽ
ԺˮϵľһȦһȦ𣬴һǳһŵһͰһͰѾˮ״Ǽÿˮɲ٣⾮ߵڴ׾֪Ⱦֽˮ󣬲Ƕɫshaiϴûпھɲ㡣

ʮĵĵŮͦŴڴϷȥ˯̤ʵִ˸޴⣬ʲô취͵ŶǸŮޣĽǼ˺ܶ࣬ʱػصĽŲе㲻ϱҲ˴

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һջ֣˵Լν˵Լɷﻹǲܣ

᷿䣬֥Ĵ˱ӣⰵĻĴ̶ޱȣĸܵѿ߲ѣƫƫԼС첲СһöûУ 

Ͻ˳ţƿ׸ϵĸӣ˸ߵ׸Ѿ˵ףźŵĳǰڳһưƳγε׸ְۣļĨƽֿ۸Ը
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˵Ӳ֧ʹȴ޲ˬӦһ
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ţհˮˢɾ׼ȥˮųţõ߰׸˳ˡ

ǽǰ򿪺һͷģ첻÷棬ÿζһһܳ죬û취ܳԵĶԼģΨһһСĻԼģ

˲£űͺڵģϱں濴ǾϸֱƲ죬ֿڵҪ磬ϰĲһӣǰӹСᣬǿЦ
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˵˵ɨŵĴӣԹ⵱ɩӵĻҪСӣЦǸ춼ҪͷɶʱּܷҰ

϶׶ϱĹԾ⣬ԼĶӣĸµۿԼҪˣ⼦Ǳŵģָ𼦵أ

ڶϱСò毺ãϱĸ߸׳׳ܿǵһˮӸںһǳһŵĶ裬žͿų겻Цģ
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Ƥֻ̧䵭ġšһ

ͰˮˮףͰţȽŲ㣬ɵĻɨɨԺӴˮˮڸԺһˮһ룬ϱʪЬһġ

ŵĻų̊ϵڹܿðֽİԺõ׵ݺõչϼưˮˮһȣͱҨһݿ˰ϴɾгɴӵǰСϡ

ϼϲ󣬰ѿǽķм䣬Ǽ˿ڶ࣬Ƕ죬ˣһ˳Էһ

𽥽Ϩﷹ˵ζƮСԺӣŮ˶طĺ𴲳Է  

֥ڵʱˣ죬ʵǲ뿪ůıѣССǰ˵Ҳֲ

֨ѽһűƿĴһ磬ϵСԴಡ˱漦

һžͿŴǸСİЦˣѾͷ첻˼ĺӣ֪֪ȵģɻèˣıӣ
֥Էˣ극Ҫ˯ٻݼ˯òã

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ֻһС֥ȫΨһѾͷϴںڳϾжֱߵСұߵСõͬȴСľϡ࣬ǰһСˮݿҶӣʱȴ۰Ͱ͵ĿŵĸСûס
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ͣ
֥ԤֱӰ鵽Լǰ
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ֻÿڵϻߣȵķֳݣСõǰһƣ
ëëѡ

Ա߱СëëȴСѡԼһ飬վڶЦеİҨСС֦һϡˡ

壬
СһСĵǰԥ˰죬˿ԼΪģ
飡

ʢǰһˮ˶ǣʱǲСһֶۣŮһȴ»ҪֶŮģǸƳ˷ֵŮһۣѾͷﲻϲѾͷǼˣƤ඼ԽԽĸ

ԼһһƤСӣò׶ϱţͷ̥͸˸ӣ˶˵и˭֪ŮŮε۾ˣ

֥֥ͷһֱ˵ŮֶˣȴѾͷȥԼŮ»ȡѽѽ֣Ͱޣ

֥ĸһͥĽṹѧֻܴںĺ࣬СѡĹһѾˣһݵ˹ˮݿˣԼٷͳԱˣ߬ĽĶͷҪȻٳԣһٷŬ̫Ѻˣͷ͵ʱˮԣ
***

೤һ¿ԶԶĳׯʻֻë¿ĲײŶ죬⺮춳ﴫĺԶԶ

ҵԺĴڵǺլһģ  ųӴ½ɼּӸ˶᷿ĸլͲ˹濴Ļǽׯͷһݡ

Ͱéݻǽûһש߷ȴʮĳĺ˼ң˶ΧӶЩＸ½˳ɻ䣬żý̤˺ü

 Է˶ͣԼſڣſڵĴڹİ˿

ſڵϡһں£첽ȥ˨ݻûģõȣ

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෴䵭֮һӣ첽ǰЦ
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˿ˣڳԷ˶ٵǷȷԺӶͻȻķÿͿһ䣬
Īվţɣ
˵ͱȥۿ͵£׬Ǯʱæأ






2. [] ý˴   Ÿ

Ÿ׵뿪Ҳ׷׷꣬Ÿ׵˸Ժӡ

Ժӵ᷿éݶѾưܲͼſǸţһͷţھ׽ŲϣŵĴڹھʾúʱϤĽŲѸٴ˳˵ķءţβҡĻ

һðʣõ˴ڵ黶ӭ

Ժһˮǽһͼӣ߰ߵĺɫʾǼҵе

ƿţһ俿ǽλһС¯̿ţ¯ϵˮѾտͷһĸӣƽʱΪ಻Цӿһ˿Ц⣬
ɣˮൽȥдˡ

ڶսŵһɫ΢΢һ죬һץĨˮ̵İ֣ͷ첽ܡ

ٺ١
ֵ͵Ц

ת۾һ壬
ȥɻ
Ӷϵ͸λæ

¯ľ̿ûϵ¯Ǹϣ¯ӵף¯˲ȴΪ¯ǵڵûлðԱߵе˻¯￪ʼȶȡ 

￿ߵǽһŰźһֽֽԱһľűʣɰѰһѾɫ´ϣץľԱߵűõȾϾȺһűʴűĺȾͬڰֽߣ
ˢ
һˢ꣬űߣһԸɵűѸղŵֽˢһ飬ѿհ׺Ⱦ϶ĵطƽһɫȵĺֽʳ¯

űӱߡડһ˳ԱһСƿߵİױߣͷŵֽδ֮һֽ˰ɵͼϡ

ҹĴѾ΢΢ܼӿʪֽĸ١

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***

᷿֥һڵԷʱſڴ󿪣һӰſڣʱãսɢЩĺ䡣

һ˫ɵ˫֣ǰСջļֽʱһּһֺֽ˫ˮ֮һżֽ¶мܼ֮ҪС̵ɣļֽ浱ǱĲõģھĲͿɼһߣչ֥Աߴʱǳ޸סɶ칤ƽֽŸֻǽŮȴһ

֥ʱ˼ֽĶϸߣŬռŸڲʵĴ͸Щ΢

ΪҶƵģĸҴϵĳͬãƽʱûģֻǰǣ˺ΣʱýţҪˡ

ţ֥ɨһ۱Ͷ᷿һҺԼһռ᷿һ֣ȢףûпеķˣŬѹѹԿ࣬ŵķּǲϣˣ

Ů۰ͰŵķҲûס̧ۿ˶һۣ䣬ϵļҲʱ̣Ů˼ͬˡ

ڸոձֶϱʰõķǰĽĿ޵
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ҪôƤСӸɶûĵģھζǸŮޣҲи֪֪ȵģǲк󸣣
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ĶɨһȦﰵһڡûǸŮȴ˵ĺĺܣ
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϶ҵģһ£

ſڵͷ̣Уɫе䣬
ȴصȥҳҪּҲǴӴỵ˹أִžͷּң¾գ

ѻ𣬺ͷҽʱҴֻǸȵˣԼҶûǼūţȴһƾӽž͵ң
ֲǸͨׯںʱеŻԼĲˣԼǲ˽⣬ֻΪӵҽÿ϶õģֽ

ֻȴףǷѾͷˮɣһǵôϱӣҹ˵δϱĺûκڳϣԼִš

һҹȰɵеǰһʣһϲɫӣﰵ̾˿

ʰɵĺֽɼӸţ̴ڴת

һѩĴѩװعɵģʪյģһǼҵϢӣСı׼ȥһˣ곤ĶڴתȦȽŲ㣬ߵĺʱˮ̴ָŴļյأӶϲɫֻʣüͷ΢

Ǽˢֽգӱһũ϶Ҫǿ٣ͿôӶס˾֪ҵͦʵ

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ҿ齨ӵĺõأȰӵķӸˣ

ҵһ仰ֻ׺䶥
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ԼڴͭǮ׷ײϳʼˣܸɵĳӳϱҪ뿪ԼƿأֱһĶˣһôһԲĹĵĶӰͷˣֱ˵˵Ͽʼ˺
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ȸɶɸǷӣչּңȢ׺լסһٷּңû½ϱźŵĵǲͬ⣬¾գ

ɲһû˳ȢӣͷĴ²ͿռģֻǿϧǸϺȵģ






3.     ּҵ뷨

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ǹأլף㲻ǺѾͷ𣿳ڼŹܽһ񲻸ãϴ϶ֳȥҲ徲

ҵõĻϵĿС˭׵ģӣ

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ۼĻ̫ˣҪˣҪҪͿϱɲУ

Ҳʵ飬ǰҲǸܸɵųϱĽţѧ͵֧ʹɢʱ䣬ǰһ̰ڵĴæѾˡ

΢΢šüӷֳȥһˣͼＸ˳ԷŮѵæ
ƽʱЩֻɣʵæ㺰ϱæҲ˵

ȴǲԸ
ˢֽҪǮֽԽּҵ²ٵȵȣɳ׵ӻأ

롭
ǰֽĽۣûһڷ飬Ͽűֳŵɷ¶˿Ц

ȻһҪּңȸǰ۵򷢳ȥԼ׶һǺ÷ǾԲܡ

ڴ׬ǮļֽͻֽǰǲģҪ֣˼ȥ˸⣬ÿŲͬĻֽͼֽһ⼸һֱŻͼֽ㣬ֽȴѧ˸߰˰ˣѾܲǮˣԺ˼ңûͷӰӲզ

ھӶҡͷ̾һǸģĸûʱУԼȴһֻΪӺһֱû£ÿ춼ΪСæµĽŲմأСˤһӺֱһʬֻһ໴Ļû׶

׻˵Уʱһ󲡣յ²ʡҹŶӽ¿ϵϣλĸʢĴ˭֪һҡͷ̾Ϣ 
Сԣβˣ

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ʱ۾ͨ죬ͨˣ 
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ǣ
ׯ뾩ǲԶӱްܸϵؼҺȫҵŶӸϵ˾ǣ»󣬶·һһǳϥǵ׶ڳˣǸڸ׺ȥӰˣСϷ˵ָָѾʶԼĲͬ 

֪ﻹûλչ˺ӣ˵ﲻãʵҲȻĳõĹϸ㿴Σ
ڵͷ޹Ȣ˽š

ʵǣչǺ¸֮һսʱСĽ鰮̡

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ӵĿүү̲ˣ
﷿̫ˣܳ׻磬䷿Сڰȥסʡļլ

Ǯլǽ·¸İᵽ˸¼ңĴӾϷӣÿСúѧݣſջ𣬰ĵСβ͡

ȥСóˣڶ̥Ÿջϣ游ĸʱۻӣӳ׺ҲԺӣϸųӹ׬ǮҪӻǮҩȻҪϱɫˣ

ϵϣССﶼҪǮһ֮Ϊ˶׬ǮᾭԶͻ뿪ϵ߽ҿܴԵ޹ʴӣץסӵĴٺݵģҪǻһָſֵ
һ⺢ӷҹܽô⵱Ĳˡ
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Сʱ͵˾͵֪𣿡
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ھҡͷ׷뿪ļҺӲ볤ӴοôСĺӾϴ룬Ǻġ

ҵԺӾᴫʹһμլӡ

ÿ챻Ļʱ⹫ϲѶС˾ʮ꺮ţſС׵ϸߵĺӡӣ⹫ݺıź뿪ˣһæŶӵĿƿˣ

С˾˼ҹӣ˾˽д֣Žֽ⹫껭ÿ춼ĺܳʵԵıůԽԽĸҲ⹫һܿСӣֱ˾˿ԱҪ׸ְűǧĽӻ

˾˾ɽдửֱ˾⹫ؼҺС£ЩҲ˹̶ĿͻҪңϵǻһָɣӶòЦ

᷿䣬˰·ЩۣЬѱѩˮʪЬЪЪŵĴӳһˮе㲻ʵ 
ȥɶˣɤϸˣ

ӹ룬Ⱥһˮ˶ǣϱﻹǸĬԵӣϵЦ谵ķ䶼˼֡
յأ׼ 

۾˲ɵԲֱԼĶ䣬ɷĻ߶һ飬
Ҫյأ괺콨
Ҹ̫ͻȻΪΣԼֱһѣ˻ۡ

ӵ󣬿ֱ治ԵĺӡӣЦ
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զҲ֪㣿

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Ӷ֥Сʣ
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ȷȥĪҪ˵

ţ֪ҪԵ˵Ȼᱻȥģ

Сͷ
ŮŮĶοȴᣬСӶɫ֪ǸӱȻӹСĵġ






4.  С   

϶ݵϲù˸ղŵĿ޺ּǲ˳
˵ҪҪ˾Ӹţ

˵ľ˾˶ԣ治ŵҪԭֻǶٵţ׽ˣҷǳܹׯΣһͽᣬһθ˵ףۿʮˣ»ûŹʣ
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ȴ֪ⶼԼǺϱĹͣأǾǺݲõĽڴɲ̫ãӻˣžźǺܶ൱ĸȥĿټвмɲػЩ˵·ϵ·
ʱýʱһҡͷشʱһ˳һƤָ࣬С˾˶飬ﶼĿ

Ŵ˶дţŸ˻ӣֽ껭ǮԽԽϲ˳ȥΧмֵܶĺ˼⣬οӣ˼ҵĶؾˣ

ǹѸźļ޵ģͬвмģмҾʵĽҲŮģ˼Ҳܵ׵λ⣬ǲͷһȥꡣ

յźˣ˴б
סھǣҲȥиܸɵĹʹɺܰ䡭

׾˾˸˵£
ԼٳүϺ㣬۾ֻɨһۣϼ˸С˼ΣҶԡ

ǺƤһȥżҴһˣϳĸߴ׳ʵٳúֲܴڣ˵òͨǣǿǰ۵ȻǸӣȴȫ峤ÿĳһ㶼䣬ټһƶϴļҾʮ˻δޣ΢С˼͵ͷͬˡ

ȴ֪ǵͷǰ۵ļһҹշת࣬ȴ˷ܵʧߣ

ףϲƣϸϸ
ĸҪ̫̱ʹϱѰҡ
û׵Ű¼ңмܿƾ٣ίʵ֣ϣĺгϢЩа;⣬Ҳڽÿν߶ʱô򼸾䣬ԼǶҲ

˾˰ּҵò֡
ҡͷ
СӸţж壬ҳȥ
ǷּϣһΣһҪסᣡ

ֹϴּң϶Ҳ밡ʱŵĶɷҲϲЦտŹԼСӡ

⽨ĵѡˣһҪˣָֻڼˢֽӣҲûשҲûľ׼Ƿӣ

ּҿӻ˰Ѳ񰡣

Ӣ֮ҴһɵľʱԽ˵Ʋ࣬뾩ֹҵ߽лᣬǹ˶࣬Ҳ࣬ͨлĽܣĻһ굽ͷУټѣСӹĺǺ

ľǼҴգʱױŶ飬ʱӹţȼ仰һɨɵһϲ

ӢԱߴٵ
˵ɶ

Ǻ£ּˣ

ģ
Ӣ۾ɵԲίʵţũֵٵĶǵﱲ˵²ſʼּңҲһӣܵȵﱲףǸɩοϵģԼֲû̽ɩӻﻰǸĸҪųӹʹһӡ

дǱҪ׼ּңȰѴɶɸֳȥɩӻûͷ

ˣ
Ӣĵͷͨ˼ҿû˵ɴҿɲͨɩԼۿһҪˣɸӣ̫ڣ

ϱûž͸һӦúǹصϲȴѹסһҪץסᣬ 
ҵúúѰ˼Ѱ˼ôôѼҸˡ

ϱĦȭƽӣľȰ
ⶼˣοȥɩӣ

㶼˵ҳˣһµɩӣ
Ӣֱһ۷

ֶأ
øֶӵɱһǿˣ

Ӣû
ʲôϵҾ۴ɣ
ƫƫֱ׳ҪɶŻӹøǶԼʲôˣδǰǽɩǼ̱
ڴ׬Ǯˣʹһӣȥɣ

ľٷˣϱ£˵˵ϱɲ㣡

Ӣŵãͼߣ 
ʰ㶫ͻȥһˣ

ľæһס
ɶ˵ѰѰ𣿡

һ̶Ȳȥˣ
Ӣٲȥȷʵ̫ãɩ۾һתµи
ⲻ˽ʱһ࣬


˽ˣ֥ڰһĶӣƶ

ëëСֱ治ûһԼúõĻƶ
㣬㿴𣿡

֥һۣ
ִԲëëã

ߣ
СڵϷһߣԼСˣͰСֶŮǰһţ
֥㿴ĸɾ

ͣĻ֥ϲ
ôһ
СһûһŻӣĴָ佱
ɾܸɣ

ɾͦͦأСĻƶ˹̨ϵľֹɵĵǰ¼ӡ

ſڿ֥İҧƫƫѾͷûʲôĻᶼûС

һҹĽݣӶһȫҺһ굱Ψһһγࡣ

Աһ˶æǽʯĥڸǵĲӴ򿪣϶һˮĥ̨ϴɾҪĥһĻƶ

ϴζҺõһ׺ɫȾѾ˵ףЩӺֽ»ܿ죬⾩ҪĶ࣬ЩӻҲʼϻΧӵĻɶҪЩźֽǰˢһףȾϸˡ

ȾϵķҪһЩһݿһӶϲԡ

ľ¿ͣڴſڣ⶯һ̧ͷͿ˴¿Сӣüͷ˼֣ӭ̬Ⱥԡ

ϴɩߣӢֹ˾䡮˦ӶиԲ˦˸ЬˡȴЦӯӯüһ䣬Ժ
ɩҸˡ

ƲƲ죬˭ϡ࣡ 

ĥĳϿСˣæĥһӣΧȹһӭ
Сã÷򣬿ݡ

ǼݵȺӢ˵ֱͷ
æģֲˣ
˵תͷԴɩ
ɩӣģأЪЪɣ

ȴ飬
Ǹһſڵȷأ

ӢЦһɩǲϲϱôĲͼ׬ģΪϱͶһ𣿲ϱģԺܵģ

Ӣĵϣһ˶ܻϲøһ࣬ϻһŵ

ȶдԣӶ˵ĺܣɱ֧ʹȥүүԷ֥С˶᷿

֥벻Ұ
룡
֥ԴĻشȡСãȷʵϲֻԼСã죬ѾϰԼСˡ

ΪֶʵʸõĸСһڴߣصĴӻͳһֽ
ٺ٣ҸʲôóԵģ

ζƮ˱Ǽ⣬֥ŵζ湴𣬸ֽᣬ
ۣ㣡
ģûŵζˣ

нŲ߽֥æֽߵͷŽŵ
һ

ݸһЦ
㵨ôС 
ð룬ĲյֻǼһͲˣڶˣԾˡ

ôõ·İɣȺȿˮůůӡ

ллɩӣ

öԼŮ
棬ȷ˺ǣ

СѾͷЦĿͷѣȥҲܰ





5.  Ȱ˵   ˼

ϳźԼİ
Щӿʼѧ߻˼޿磬ԡ

ˣ޿紩治ۡ
ϲ̵Ľӹ޿磬֥׵棬ţ棬
޻ůͰǮˣһʮ컻Ŵ

Žż⣬֥ԼС𹴹ͳԼĽ
ãѧ߻ҲѧֽˣҼġ֣͸㣡

ϲĽӹ֥ݹĺɫֽһ
ۣ㲻Ҫ⡮Լдģ

ǵȻдģ
֥ʧЦ
ڲϵüֶѣ

ҲˣÿҸԸ

֥뵽ǵƤӣ۾һգЦ
ǲԼûѧѽ

˲˹֥ĺ壬ͬ۾һգ
ףôû뵽ҴŰѱˣһȥôЦ

˵˵ЦЦ
ȴﻭꡣ

ɨƹĳϱС˵ЦıӰôôۣС˿϶Ŀģ˳ʱƫƫִëëһȦɼۺ
ãҲҪ⣡

ϸհѷ˳ŵһɲҵŵ͵ԣӢܣϰιӣղŸëëһģֶҪæ˸Сװ˵㣬
ëëһԣ

С뻹ûͱָ˹ȥԼĶͷ
ʲôԣû⻹զģûϢ

֪ƣۿŵֵˣɵʱͿ޺
~~ҪҪ⣡

һֺＸŮһɫÿ

Ӣб۷аɩӣŬѹѹĻһǣһӣ
ߣȥҽ桭


үү̳ӾƽţŲ˺ˮƣž⣬˻ϻӣľͷ
ҲҪɼˣҾߵľҶ׼ˣһЩ·׼ļ䣬ߴѼҾ߸ˡ


ˮ˶ǣɫЩ죬Ժȴ̾˿
ǰýŴҪȸ··ӳס

д
һӣ
⻹ûžŻԲУ

ȷʵУɶɶûּң⻹ûžͲ̹ţ򲻿ɿͷ
÷ҲԱߵͷ͡

ǰҵʱ͸ؾˣûмȷּǷִˣ¾գ
ʱ˵ͦЩ˼ȥһ
⼸ڿĿյأȸϴ϶˼ң׺ڼҹһҲֳȥ漸ȵ׶ּңԺ͸СĹǾΣ

ܺ÷һۣ۾һ÷˵ı̳Ӹ˸˸絹ƣ  
׻˵辶ּҡҪ뿪ϵߣҲã˼Ҳĺöӣ

Իǵһˮ˶ǣ۾ҲûȰͣ
ǰֿҲʡģɡɶˣҲȱּҺǸҲͦã

ȴԥѣϰԵϵ̴ӣڣڱǴð˵Ị̇ 
ҵѴֲǲ֪ȽŲ㣬˼ôֵذסһܲӲǣ

Ա˲ԼͬĽ˸ǡԼǸɶô껹û

Ǵһ¶ּҵĴ㣬ɲܴ
ּҲӣũæʱǼСȥϴֲֵɶΪ¡

ȴŮȻк˲ġ

Ǵɻûжӡ
ֳɵɡ

ûжʲôԭ㲻֪

ԭͳϳ׺һھŮ֥ô궼ûϲ̣ȴ˵ǡµļôɴϱҴ
û⣬ȹ֥Щܰչ˵ܵҪ

÷֪ΪӢҹֶϱҪҴӣҲ˵ģӢʱԼɩźȰĻ˵ԴɩӶ

ʱ÷⻰һݣѹƿԣѾʮˣȴֻһŮ˾ģ
ܣש鷳ˣ
û⣬שͰˣ

ŴͰ÷ˣ
㿴ɶһӦõģ

ȸϴǷӡ
϶÷һ̾ǶûȰ֣ɱռɶǵĹʶּҾǺ£


ֻϴȷּң϶ٶڼҰ꣬ȴû϶ԸԸ⡣

˵˿ýĵغŷּңÿϻطͿʼӣļ䷿ӸôţҪֻܻǮģԼ޹ˣͭǮҸ޺Լ͵͵׬  

ɽȴɫ֧֧Ŀϱǵ·ڴϵҪ

ֻһ۾Ϳɫã
岻
˵žȥӶӣ
ëëһᡣ

ëë֣һҲֻܺ͵һ

û£Ҳۣ
Աëëڴߣɫĵ
ղ˵˻Ự

˵˵£ϻǿְѴɢ·һӵʵ
˵ɶ

˼ȸ罨պּҡ
ѵһӵĸ΢΢ʧʱȴ·ûһ㣬Ťͷеʵ
أ

˵պǸǷӣǰּң

Ӧˣ

еӵĿ⣬
ô˵Ҿ˵һİţ

һӸоģڴϣ૵
˵һǷ𣿡

˵ﴺҪֽһòôǮ

Ҳţ
ҡͷȻʶֲֿɵֽ֪Ľۺͺֽۣһֽ׬ǮЩ첻İֽ˵ûǮǽڣ

˵ǸǷӲôæܵһǸǵĺһЩ
᷿Ҫڳɵ·ҪȰȥס

ֻŶˣɺ˵ʲôһҲûȥ֪Ů˵Ŀ࣬ԴԼźÿɶٻԼɶԴк󣬸ֻ첻֣Լʹɩ۾æڣȱˮأǻϾ͸㰲ˣҹĻۡ

䣬⻰˳ɫһ
ͦõģ㿴⼸׶Ҳ

ܣҲѹֲסıߣ
ĸ۾ҺãҶЪЪȸˮʱԴ޵أȿˮţܹˡ
ڣޣȴ޶ҿ޳

ỨҲܣ
ȴּԺõġ

ҲţҾ봺ּң
ֻҡͷ⻰ԼճʱŵģڿȥİɣԼʹɩûǵѾͷʹģ

Ѿ⣬㿴˵Ķ𣿡



ëëһ֥ܵſСС
֥㣬⣡

ɵĴ۾֥˸Ƿ 
ʰɣϵ¾û㲻ģ

㽲µëëŲɵĵͷ
㣬֪ɶ𣿡

ۣ
֥ûסЦˣëëͷϵëë
ǺܺóԵĵһ˼˵ܵ˼ô˵ඣ


ëëˣ
ﾹȻҵ


ֵ֥ԾˣȻܣأ

ҵ
ǹ֥ëëǲ̫в²⵽˺ĸ˼ԭҲּҰ

⻰ɲ˵֪𣿡
Ϊɶ

Ҳ˵𣿡

ëëСԴһתϻķʵ
룬ֻ˵㲻Цҵɣ

ᣬСܣ

ٺ٣
ëëи˵ܺûˣ
㣬𴲣ϻԣ





6.     ֽ

£ؾǰҪ׬ǮŮæųʳҼһĺһЩΪ꿪ͷ

ϳԹ緹ͺ͵ϱ˾Ϳʼæˣô˳Էסĥ桢ҪԣǼţÿԵҲ١  

֥ĸЩɢСӶ˸ˮĸ׾ܵĶϢһᣬԽԽĥ滹ҪեͣǵĻһڵϣϴӲȻ϶ԱѲȳɨȥǰż๤˵˵ЦЦͦĵġ

ڼ𣿡
ſڴϤ

ڼң
֥صವһ¾ܵԺſվŵǱδϣ
̣ҵֽأ

ɺëëۿ֥һ˳ȥŰȶҪܣһŭ
׼ȥ

˲̧ͣͷŶί࣬ôСĺ㻹浱ʹ

᷿ſڣҲܿ˳
𣿡

Цеı֥ǣ˶᷿߬ŷŵݸ
ţҶ

Ǹ߽˴뾩ԶΧûɶʱǶһɣһҲŴӱξǵĹԱݷݣѾһˣǰдȥʼʱңž͵ˣ

˵¼һЩҪ󣬹Ҫʮ˲ܻҪ㲻Ҫż£ҶĻƺ⣬˲

ǾͺǾͺã
ϲ̵ûСĵۺյͳȺļС
̸ոģȺء

ҲҪ
֥ҡֲӡ
ѹ꣬ţ

˹֥СЦ
лл̣

ЦųžͿվſڣ
ɩڼҰ 

ҪЦЦģ
ɡ

˲ˣҪ⣬ҵûȥŵ򣡡
ϰ־ֱӳ˴ţɩӿû

֥ûĸˣҪһ¾Ҫˣ

ֱ˰̼ҵĳϱһ⣬Ŵ˵Цģ㰡ڳóԵģת۾Ͱŵ
ȹʱٳԣ

ĸΪɶⰡ
֥⹴˲棬أˮĿ̫ˣ

һһҲ᲻ãĸأ
ǹţ֥︹ѣ
۷ּҺԼ𣿡

Ҳ
ΪſŮʧˣ
Ŵ׸̣Ŵ⡣

ٺ٣ãΪ˽㣬Ҿ԰

̸İɣȥˮ̣

һ̫ѵɹø˳Ҳٵʮ壬ʮǸҪĴ󼯣ĴССӴʼսӡ

ĺֽţƤֽװţϳһЩӵļֽһһʹϲĻֽ

֥￪ʼžˣֽǮһ嵶װʮǧţһ׬ģǾǣ
ʮ
ð⣬ϧӵԼǰ

ɼţͻڶշңݸһصǮӣ׺ֽǳǮĺˬ졣

ɰ˳ͻǼӻ̣װ

ֻЩϡǹ㣬֥һ۶δֱӾͱ֧ʹŰԼķ䡣

ˣ֥ڼе˼ƬĸźڵĽЦ
̣óԣ
ֺ˼֣ھѴһӷֳȥͦõģԼˣ

ͦˣһˮƣϴЩ֮ɫž˵˼仰
ֽԽԽˣƹøʱǰһȥɵ껭Щ˼رϲЩյƣܶ໭һһš 

Ϊ˼լƽԸԴǰֽҵֽļ۸ͨĪ񡢴ԸɫʵĻֽ˼ԽԽࡣ

ĻѾģ谵͵£úõĳֽϹɫԿţյĺܺãܿǰֽϾͱɫʰһͷۣ޵ԾȻֽϣ͸¶һϣ̫ˣ

λ񣿡

ǰġ͸լʥظЩ˼ϲаƽ

ظǿƳ
ĳɰ

ǰɽʿó׽ 
֥ʼɢԼ⵽ǻĸʱз

һ߸Ů£һһȴķɿ죬֥Ǿ̫ˣɵʵ
껭ûľ滭𣿡

˵ӡľɣ


ûУǰֻд˼ҲŻ뻭ʦģֻǽЩ˼ԽԽ࣬ǻֽ˼Ҹ٣̸ֵ棿⻭ֽɲֹһʱ³·Ҳкܶ˼ϲÿҪĶһο̵棿

ԭ⻭ֽͲֻдˣǻ治أϵװϵС룬ִ֥
Ҳѧ񣡡

ٴЩȰˣ
֥ԼǰɳĨƽСҶʶЩ֣Ϊɶдȱ첲أŵզôѣ

ܿ죬һ깤ˡ
ţ
֥֦æǰӹŵϡ

ȫһԽٶԽ죬ֱ§ŹŮ˯ˣĵƶţһҪȥǸ˾˼񣬴ʱ໭ϣܶЩǮøʱΪѡ

¶ʮ壬ǰһͻţҪȥ˾ʲôǵõյǮȥϻ׼ӼɽҪԼӳԣǲµĸҲˣԼûɶõĳֵġ

ţڴͣ£³
׼Щȥ

ܿӳŵţϺһ˦ӣţƵĹյϡ

ؼңýһϿһ漸ɵºһСްֿʼЦ
үôᣡ

˭ᰡ
֥Ա߿ֱۣҲǸ⣬˵үүǮǮǮһ㶼ȱǲĻǮҲǶӶ˲ϡˣԼ׶ӶţҲ׶ӶôԭҲԼҼзԭ򣬼ĶӶͬĸĴȻ׽Ҳų⣬ôģ

⻰ɫеѿĸⷬ˵ʶ֥ܲ˾ܹȥѰһ£
үүС٣ٺ»ӵжǮ⼸¸Ҳˣ
˺öҲȻôʵô

ң٣ѻһڣ
һڣйһ¶¹үĲʱȻʹ֮ɫ

ϣãҶۣ

һң֥һ˯֮󣬼һλ³ԱС賿îʱˣ






7.  Ƿ   é

ѽҪ
֪ĸһ֥֮Ǿѹס̣ŬԼ費ЦͿڲţԺʰɱõĸæԾһջ𣬾ͿŽһҹû˯ͶҲЦݣø˰

䣬еѪζڿϵѾϱʰɾ³Ӥ˯
ûס쵽ǰҪƿڵ¯̿ˣ
ôҪ𣿡

ίĲУ
Ҳţһǿˣ
ӲģϱϲСްÿԼɡ

ҲҪŮ̾˿


ɰˡ
÷ж˽һðĺɰΪ˲ۣŷͷĻϾͲǰˡ

һ
𣿡

ˣķԸ׽ֻ«

ĵͷϵĲųһɰ̫Ѿϸˣֱ֧ʹűһ߳ţ
ɩðЩ򲼶ɹɹͷ
ˣ
ܿ죬ԺƮ˴Сһ򲼡

ǹ֥͵ЦˮƽǼСÿ춼ܺһС룬ÿ춼ܲһɰСܵŲλãᵽ伸ĴȥˣͱյĽģһ㶼ûĸײ

³壬Ҫݶ߶˱ҼλֵڼԾƣɸǷӵ¾öˣݹһƵնֵӦ˵ʱ֡

¾Ϊ󣬸Ƿȵȴ¶ǱʱһڳǸúӣ˵ǷӦĺʹ졣

˸Ƿ߽;ǿյⷿθǣǸéҲкøǺǰ

ɸǸ÷ӣɺõĵػҪõʯͷԼӱϵʯɲУ
ػҪʯͷģéҲܱһ͵㿴嶫ͷҸӸǵéݣ˭˲Ц

Ǹˣӣõһ˵ȻЩԥȥЩʯͷġ

ûף
⼸˯Щ

͵ͷ

꣬˺öӵƣһЩ궼õĺɻơƣʣǺ

ԪڵľǣµգƻԻͣϵĴ˺ӶŵνֵӾǻֱȥ˲ʯĵػʯϡ

Ԫһÿ춼ԼǿյæϵӲʯҪѲٹ

֥Ķ˸ţһéݣżҴһɽݣéïܣǴÿ춼ȥ޲ݶǳϵĸ֪ŮҪǷġ

һéж
㣬׼䷿ӵéݣһ꣬һˡ

סܵţ
ܣԹٻȥ

˴㣬˵ּҺȫҶ¼Ծƣ
Ŷܸţ뿪ıӰǳܣԼճʱŶݣȴַģӴǾҲûÿֻԼҿǡ

еػλһͷӾ뿪ˣ
ᣬĪģȷּǰסһʱ䣡þƺòдǡ
ĨĨ۾ͷšһ

߿ʼػˣéԱߴéݣʱо˵¾ͺȥ⡣

ÿˮ֥ɴүүüשڱ˸СӼһˮӣʡܡ
СӲǰЩүүĺˮŵĺúõģǰŮǸܸɵģСĨƵģ
үүЪЪ
ȵˮɤӣ
壬ղשˮƽ̫ˣΪָأ
Ѿͷ˭ѧģɶƺ«ȴǸ˵ĺܣǸӵˣŮǿԼ

éݵպܲһСéݴӸһŰƬƬéݷǳ

ֻ֥éݣéɲһ˵ͣһңмθӣ֯õéݶǳĽʵͷΣ
ͷΣ
Ůֹиͷεéע⣬
ͷΣ

֥Ƭڸͨջһ֪ΪͷˣôӼסһéݣܲͷ

ԼķӣǵĽʵЩ
֥Ÿֹ

ͼֳɵģŮĽһվ˼£éݹ˳ƽ˿Σȷʵܽʵ

˰뱲߽Ҳéݺ⣬
ֲȱݶ϶ȱ˼ҵã

ŵػºãѺõשҲ˳÷Ŵⷿӿʼһһ

ϻû£߷ӾͶ˹ǹԼɵҵûԼҪǮ˵˾éݣһӾͽŵȥ

ÿϹ˻ȥ
Һģܹڼ￴úӣ
⵱ô£СôС͸ұȥ

ֻ׾˲ԣ˵õéզһ䣿
ԭ붫ٸһſڴӷЩȽŲã˼ҿԼЩǿ̫ˣ˶ֳɵģҲ໨˼ǮЩǶõŬȰ˵Ľÿܹӵ˵໨ĵǮɶԾͺױ˵ˡ

ʹ׶Ǳ߸˼䷿ǳײˣֱӱźԺв
˵䣬ҪҾͱС߻ң

ʱɲǵɱ⹫ʱĹ⾰ˣʱ˵Ҫ治ҪԼˣѾˣ

ƿ˷ţվԼǰʵ
ҲԺ󶼻ؼԷ𣿡

⸱ӣǸзϣȴԽԽԼƿأϿѻ
Ǹ䷿һ

һһĵ


Щأļһ

ǵʱҲô𣿡

㻹Ҷ죬Тӣ
һʼС˯㱻ˣ
~~

æܳһѣֶȰ
Īûжײ˼

ݿ첽
ɣţס죡
οͬɸջĵطﲻ˵Ҫͬô϶ǷӣԺǰʲôӣһӶûУ

С߻Сɱˣ챧ݰɡ
ҲܳȰ׶Ӻܿ춼Χ˹
ֱ׶ӶϱǰȰϲֹ˿֣ɱŵСȴֲֹˡ
ϰС߽ӹȥԼţﰵźģôСһ㶼ۡ
Էĸ׽ݺڴϣԼϥһǰ
ˣּҵ¾ŵ˼𣿡

ϳҭһ٣ǰŵ׶һ
ûĵģⶼΪ˭
̧ͷȦģˮûӿ˵סˣ
֪ΪʲôͶһҲ϶𣿡

Ƥ̰ûϢ

ԴӴҺ󣬴СǶϸ棬ҺҲǺڵģȥ飬ΪˣﲻֹǴĺӣҲǴģҪ֪ж֮ˣ

һ㶣Ȼû˵£ɵķ
ҲҪ֪ж⻰û

㻹ǵҵˢֽǸ˭ѧ𣿡

Ľסˣ￴Ŷʵȴɵ˶ʮǰҾںӶ԰ʶҪȶĶ࣬ʮϺŵĺСӣ˵׵ŮýȥҲԼȴȢ˶żҴɽĹŮ

Ƕϲ˳úÿһȾֽգһΧˡ
Ҳ˵׵䣬һôҲϵͷֱɥ޵ϢŬڴﾭӪԸ˽ɶҵĺۼ̫̫ˣ

ĿųԶЩҲͷּһ⣬͵ѷ۲ϣҲһӺòã
Կధ

ڻ̧ӵͷļһֱԼ׽Ҳ飬Լȴֻ֪ûȥǣֻΪӲģȴԭԼ
Ӧ㣬ҲҪǵãһжΪǼۼҵݼҵɶԺġ





8.  ʰ   

ٶȺܿ죬оʮĹϺˣϾҪéݸݶˣַ֥˳éݻ᲻гӰԼûκλȨҲûǮ߷뵽ǰĽéݷ򵥵ķ
˵éʯˮܷ棡

éݵͣûлŮĻȻҲ֪ŮĺöŹ⣬µΪѵ
ʯҷе۰ԺǮʯݶΣ

֥˵ʱ˭ֵ˸׵ģһתȥүү

үү׺ӰǿͷīŲһשλúϴ˰ºˮЪЪ

үү£

׺ӶŮĴ澯䣬ĿĿ̴ӣ
ţֻҪ㲻ѧǽүү㣡
֥źǿĺģǽûɹԾʹչȥҪѧǽ˵ˣǿ϶ǰѻĵǣߵĻðοԼС첲СȣӵҲ˰שͱүүˡ

֥һг˵
˵һéݲùķӡ

׺ӺɵĿ˹֥һۣѾͷѶ𣿺Ӱ
߽뱲Ӷû˭˵ģĪ꣬治ʶ˵ĻҪСıӹȥ

գգ۾զ͹ӳϹϵģ֥ſھͱһ£
һηʿ·۴ʱڴڴʯͷʱ˵һС͵ҹ˼ݶ͵Ǽ˼ݶΪ˷ʯңС͵Ь϶մ˰׻ңܿͱץסˣ

С͵͵ǽݶɶ׺ﻭʺţץȡ˹ؼ㣬
˵éʯҷ𣿡

ü֥үүһ
үүȻһҾġ

׺źЦУ߽ʯҵԺ˽⣬⻹ŪĿ԰ãǿǴ󹦵ˣһ־
һʯ㹻ˣ½үүˣ

գ׺ӵĴӾһʯңݶʯҶ°ȫݶǰȰéݴˣ

ѾõéһһȵıʯˮȾݻƵɫ˵ף֧ڵֻһɹˣʵɢһʯζéݶɻֵǶܵ˺ԼݶһĽʵͰȫܹк
ɣҼҸǷҲôéݰ

ģϣ
ûвӦеġ

éݸǵĳĺܣмǽϸһţ֥ţ棬޲ͰңڿԲÿʹװ˯ˣԼķզ˯ˣ

Ա˲٣һС̨֧ûطˣ֥תһȦﰵ⣬
Ƚ͸һأ׬Ǯһ֧
ؽ綬սʱͦɲ붬춼Ź

Ƿ˶󣬷˾ͶɢȥˣҲļ׵ֲָԺӵ
ʰպңʱԣĺܣ
зӣԺӶûأǽǶԼԺҲҪԼƽˡ

Ȼӣȴ֣򲼺СߵĻϴҲӸϱÿʱޣֻүÿ¼ʰ

ǸˣŲñڰϣͣ˽ʵդ

ɸǷѾ˲ˣǽҪܶܶӣЩӸͲǽĴܴú󣬾Ϳſɽ

ҹϿϵ˺ޱȣ
ɣòãڼұӾͺá

ͬ⣬
û£޷ǾǸɵһ㣬ջмأ

㻹Ҫñдֲֻòˣ
û£ȷʰͺˣ
ںڼֽͻֻֽаϲµ˼һѰпյʱЩһ˼·ϣһҪ¼Ҹʰˡ


֥ĸ׵﷭ɫ鲼ͷѸ׵棬ñָ仭һȦͰ˸͵ǰߡ

Ͽü˸ӳֿʼߣǰֵ
֥Ҫʲôɱ֣

֥ǰװЩߵӵҪԼҲҲ߻䲻Ҳһ㣬Լ԰һ£ɷ˼ͷһʵвģզôأߺͲĸһţ
߷죬ߵĿ

Ϻܿͷһֻ֥׷ͷص棬Ѹ׵ϣ
쿳ӴףҪдֻɲˣ
ģĵƹ£Ůĵɫףֱͷ

ĥѸ͵ԣӲҧһëɽϵԼԺѸǽĽʵָߴ

֥ÿøСͷԺʯ¨ϳչʱǺͰӰѵƽһڵŬ£ǰһƬӲʯرһɾСԺӡ

æµʱǹĺܿ죬֥ű¨ӴʱȻִ嶫ߵҰѾһƬɫ΢紵Ƶӿŷյζ

ׯ뾩յ̣⸽ƬﶼǾ˵ġ

֥۲죬ǸũǵأֻǵⷽʽһеҰѵȦׯӣΧЩͶ̹ɶ˰ţһ־ǰѵũȡʳ⡣

ĶʮĶʮǰ˾һλ½һ׽ʿ̽ɣպԺ޴˵λ˵̫̫ϱݹϵҲ޵ģյĵǰһһͣ⵽صĴ񶼶ҷǳж

򳡵ĵѾʰɾһ˼ɱͷһĹϷָɾһȥؼһȣȫ
쿪





9.     ԩͷ

һ磬֥СʱѾ˵أϺæιιǰֻϺͼӣԸ
˷ɴŹ֥ëëȥ룡翴ɩͶɩ
õ
ɺСຬĴӦš

ӱű¨ܣԶſţǰ棬
ȵǣ

һţͣͷЦ
ô˯
˯أ߳ˣ
ţ

¢ߵһȻæµ棬һＸһ쿪ܿ˶ĺôˣԼҵĹһĶոֻ꣬ӡ

ţˣɷһõӾͿʼװŷţһ뵽ĶΪֹǰ˹峵ĹҹϣţƵŶѵϸߵӵ˰ţ

Сһܵ˵ͷϣָ֥簲ŵ
һ˿ʮУͷ

У
ȥѾ͹֥Ӧ

ʮУ1.2.3
һëëָͷʼ漴
㣬ҿ

м䣬ҺҰ㿴ŵ㡣

õĺõġ
ëëĻһɨգʹ㱣ԼǱȻǲµġ

ѱ¨ң
֥¨һηһôȵɲ뱳ű¨롣

ҲʡֻСӸӰȴҪɺܶ࣬СͷǰòˣͷŵǰԶı¨̫ԽԽߣˮӲñ£ϲ֪ʱճâˮ֮ձ̵Ļġ

㣬ʲôʱܻؼҰ
ëëֱͷϵĺˮζŴ¶εĿ⡣

ֱ֥ͷ˿ͷżһĶˣ۾ͷλã쵽ˣ
ۼһоȥ￴ӡ
⻰һ˵ɺëëǰһʹСܿܵ˵ͷ

ŶֳøϵȰѵͷӼ˦˶ֳϣһӶѵø߸ߵģƳ˸ǰ·ǰϹ·ëëܹȥţ
Ұƣ

Ҳæ
ڳ߰ưõӣ⼸ͦ󣬶ֳһӣܿƯƴ˻ΣϸоѲסˣæ
ͣͣ𵷵Ҫܵˣ

۱˭ȵ
֥֣ͷˡ

ųǶӵĶֳˣëëܵϵµ
ҶӶˣ

Ӳ˰ѺϰԼı¨ùӵ·һֽļѿǣ
һһ飡

ģһѿ˶ǣٺȵˮ⹾еĶʵˣ
ϱԼı¨ͷϵӶ
⿴᳡ǻؼȥ

֥ԱߵëëСϱˮĺһһģе㲻ĵĵ
ëëȥɣҺ͹ˡ

գ۾˵ʲôɿ۹ֱ֥͡

һůԼ˵ëëŻؼңĹ֥ܲ⣬ɹ֥ô˵ˣҲû˵ʲô͸˵İëëǣ˼ҡ

뿪ûãСסԱ߳Ҷҿøȥˡ

֥Լӳԣûɹɵʵнҧ̡ģ㵭ζͦóԵġ

صҾֻС¯һˮ
ǰɵӰʵ
ʲô

ڴϵ϶û۾
һ鶹һˣ 

ʮĶո죬֥ԼоһƤοǼӼûЪĴˡ

ȵո꣬һոõѾ̫ɹִָ࣬øľģµѾԴˡ

ҵĵؿɲֹʮĶЩŶ½½ҲжʮĶأпӱߵĶˮ˿ʮĶףǻʮĶҲӣʮĶ˼죬úߵ
ɺɽȥ컻ɺȥ
żϢҪ˴

һɹõӱľյ̯̿ʱʯµصǳˣѹѹ룬ѱľ߶ѳ˲ݶ⡣

ŵصӶո꣬ݱʱׯߵϹսһһ꺺Ӽͣſڣܿϱӭ˳򿪣洫һƤ
̰ã
磬̱
ҪԼ£
һСӣԹܽԺӡ

ﴫһ
ùã鷳ˣ
˵ôĻҸ˻
ϱִųһλͷƷƽḾḾȵĸ첲Ժӡ

ҸڵСԺӴ򿪣ͣ˸ڣûĹ򣬴Ƕ֪ˣϰɹõӿʼװ׼õľ͵ȥ˵һżҸϳĹ°һ׶ŵԺְһӣǵ⻧ĻᣬͿʼˡ

̫̫һβܾΪйºգĹùüȻ޵壬Ǿ˵˲ԶΧĳҲ٣ҹ̫̫С
Ҫȥüһˣһȥ

Ҳȥ̼ҶǱ㣬һ㶼棡

ڼôӦҵģ

ͱԼȥ֪ˡ

ǳԹٳȥһᣡ
ðɣ

һ磬˺ӵ֪˵Сߣ 
̫̫ڼҵأ

ȥĸ˵ҽͲȥ
Ⱦܣ氡ŲҪһȺΧŵ

֥ͷϴŲñϴŲЬôȵͷŰĺʵű¨ڴ򳡵ĵүүˮûأɳڿƮˣ֥΢۾ְ̧Ѳñѹѹ

ȴսǴͻȻһСӣ
顱
һײڵأƨײ˼Ӳĵ棬Һñһ£ûкŵأҲ۵ˮӿ˳ñҲײķ˺ϣ¶ΪʭӲĹԿǡ

ո˦뱻һֹסǰĽŲڵϵĹͷСһ
˹֣ﵲ·

֥ڵϵִ˻ʹУδļ鿴ǷѪͱ⻰ͷǰСһ·͵Ĺ⣬˿Ĺȥͷ˵Ļ̫ˣҪò˵Բ𡯣۴дҲƽϲǣ㾹Ȼ¶ԣ 
~~~
ĿأҲöСɵˣզǸŮӵĿ 

·ڴľڿб紵뿪صֱ׹棬󿷷׷뵽ԶеﵽϣԶģĺӿҲû⣬ȴǱߴ򳡵ھ˹
󲮣Ů֥ҵСӸײˣûȥɣˤˣ

Աľѵһ֥ˤˣľһһǳһ˹ʵ
磬֥ˤģ

ڽ

뱻֥Ŀ޺סˣһ飬׷סԼҵС´ţĵʵ
˵

û£
Сֶһͷ֣Ǹ޵ԽԽĳ˹ָŵˣ
ȥѾͷҸղײһ£Īˤˣ


ȷϹԼСû£Ű͸ڵϿ޵Ѿͷ
СѾͷһۣ

Ҷˣ
֥޵죬
ۡƨۣۡۡͷҲκģǲҪˣ~Ҫ~~ 
Խ˵޵Խ̧ĹȻϵʯ黮ˣѪδſֲ

һ⣬Сײһôôأ 
֥ĿΧԽԽھΧһԼңǻƫԼ˵ģн֧Ĵ˹
֥ؼҡ

Щһ㳣ʶûе𣿲֪ˤ˵˲Ҷ𣿻һҪǸСӾ֪ں棬ڶ֪Ǹ޵ĸˣ
~~~Ҫ~

ֱȺ˽ļǵĶŮǰ
֥£ˣʹ

֥Сüͷίĺܣ
ӲҪˤˣҵֳѪˡ

ȰŮϵı¨¨һ죬չˤˣѱ¨˦ԼϣְŮĹ֥Сɵڸ׵ĻԺĸ˵
͹֥ȥ

ͷ
ţȥϸ
˵ָ˺ɵ
ȥׯпû˵ǣ


ӦһͰܣڴиУóˣΧи˶ 

Χ˿֥Ҳ׷ɢȥӻء

תͷС˿ģ
ңҪˤҿô̫̫۸Ͻȥòã̫̫ڵأ

۾ߵĺĸŮϣСģ裬
ôȥ˵Σ

΢̧ۿȥע⵽λ׾Ǹӡ






10.     ֥ױ

֥ױţϵĽɫЩ⣬
û£Ǹձײʱ۵ûˣԼ߰ɣ

Уȥп˵
оŮϵ·ʪյģǱ¨ĹӶˤˣˤĿ϶ᣬĽǣȣԼȳһӣ򲻿ŮҲţ²ĿЩ

˦ûɫ裬ۿ˹ս˺ͬæС׷ȥ迴ҵķһҧСӺ棬ǿҪȥǳԹ䡣

һԺţǱĸŮ˲ͽӵԺﱧСߵͶۣ
·۵ģǲǶˣ

ҪŽŵĽŲסˣ˭˵ôûʼ룿

ѹѹĲ͵
֥ڳˤһӣʱˡ

˵Ůˤˣڵĳϰһӣŵܹ 
զˤģ￴

ûµǱײһ£Ѿˣ

ϱŮܻǻʪѪܵŵ·ֶڴ 

û£
֥ɵĺڣԼʱӦüǿվѵŵġ

ԺӼŵſڣָűӼţ 
ҷϣ˸ưͿǲǣ˵˭ײˣȥҪȥ
ϵӣûҲӼǸײ˵·ģοˤչ룬ǶǻǮģ

ҵСײģθҪ˼Ϊѵ
ǸСӡ

ײģ
ȥˣ˽СԴźܰĵ
Ҫʲô񣿡

һµСһԺӣǻͻͻԺӶ˼֣һǳƤһһЦݣڨЦ
ҼѾͷ۳ײСӣСӵǸ

ǿԼСӳģȭšüĲᣬæǰԲ
ﵽ󿷣ߵļЩûǰˣСİѾͷײˣүѾȥˣǲĸ˵

ֱ֥Ʋ죬鵰治ǹˣԼûǸĻ

ԺƬӣ̯ɹŸѿǵӣɹĽʵվ£ſ޴ڵȣ͵͵Ķ

ϸŮһ飬ȻҽҲ˹ͷĻڿ·򷭵ˮʪˣϲ˵Ƥŵľͷһ룬һˮ˽ĵǰʵ
֥û°ɣ

ëëӰ˹ſ˵
㣬ʹҸͲʹˣ
ʹ
֥ûҴţصСõܿĻƤѪģͦ£Ȼëë۲ѣŬĳ˵λô

ϵС磬֥ͷСõЦ
ëëȻʹҮ
ëëС۾ЦһߣŬĺˣ

Ա߿ЦԼĶӣҲҪŮˣ

֥һɾ·Ժﴫһ󼱴ٵĽŲɴеˡ

æкݣʱſ˿ڴͷСԴüëǳļƴСںں죬еĵطƤĿ

ʱĹ֥ȷʵÿƤ游ףůƤȴɹյƤɹһƤͷΪʭӱɴ£ûںڵͷһԵŴ󣬿ԼǫһԣԱ˵ԼǺܼǳģϸ۾ݺݵվſڵĴݰ׵Сһۡ

ܵ˶ķŭСԴһʾĵ˻ȥȴðˡô

֥Ҫ֪ʱ뷨ǴӴɣ

ڴп洫ӺڣóǲԹɫֻ˹֥ɫһ۾֪ûŹͷ˼仰ִ˴ϣ
СѾͷֻ˵Ƥû˵ǣ

˵δ˵˶һɣһݵǣæɫǰͳͭǮѣϾƲƲ죬˼˼¾ÿˡ

żСͷͷţֻһ̤ҵԺӾԴĸҪԹˣ˭ֻ֪дһڼң΢΢ЩԹ
ȥˣĸûȵ㣬Ѿˡ 

ļͷһɣô˵
ɶʱ

֮ǰ

Ŵ˸ת¾̹׵
壬ҸղڳײһСѾͷ

˭ҵģϲأ
ʱϾͳѪˣ˵ûŽǣļҵҲ֪Ǹӡ


ͬһֻ֣һȻ
Ұû£ǽ˼ң㲻õ㣡

ҪҪ͵񣿡

Ҫģײˣ۶ȥһ˵ǸǸģСѾͷǼ첻øɻ͵㶫ȥǺ䣡

ĵģ˶ʮСֶ

ӣֶððʧʧײŮ
ĳӾȻ̬ⷬϺã˵Ųòãȴ˿֣£Ҳģ̫̫Լ΢һ¾͹ȥˡ

Ȼ˰̫̫˵СײˣԱ˵𣬴ֶȥ͵ͷѶ˼ˡ

֥ĵɴ죬ҲˣԺȥ֧ʹϱתָɣŮһͷСС;ѧ˶
֥ʲôԣλѲϯϣеҡȣֻڴϵͶι˵ͲԼǵӻղ˲ɣ

ҵԺǽǻǽбǽܴҵ϶ԺŽԺ˼ҲûǹͷѾͷӰԺϵļȥʵͷ

֥ڳţϵʹ٣ֻǸɻ۵ĳɷִЩǵÿպúЪЪ

Ժɹɵװǰ֥ЩϾҪˣɴյСʵ
ۼɶʱӣ

ȥ˵ͻؾˣ
Լĵ࣬ԽҲ

һ
֥ʼΧԺתȦ˳ȥǰũһԼٽװõжʮϻһЩɹԼǧҪһ룬ʣǧӣͷ֣ÿ˲ٽԼҿĵĵزͣߵһץܿ𣬸οҪ˰

ּ֥֪̾ʱܸԼҼٽӣĺԴͷ






11.  ּ   Ҳָ

ţȥｻ˵⣬ԼҵӾʮżҹ׶»װԼ˻

ɰŹ¹кԺЪЪȱ裬
壬ţڳ𣿡

ȥ

ǵģǺȥһסжҰţÿٸʮǮ

Уһ׼

˵Ҫţʱ˸ף
Ҹϳɡ

һۣ²
ȥ˾˼ң

ţּҵӶˣ;˾˵һ

еԥ
ôԶ·һ˸ţҲģ
ɶǸӶһģţֻһ£ӹ

ҲȥҾ͸棡Ǵģ㲻õġ

˼ǰһᣬɷּҵ»֪СһȻԺ϶ԼģǾ͵ͷ
аɣҲյĲˣҲ˾ʹԳԣ

һ磬͸ţ⣬ţĶˣһͦģȻԭҲš

ϣ벻ʱſڴǳѾͷĵţͦȵġ

ôϡţҪҪȥһ
̫̫Ȥӡ

һת
ֻǲụ̀ĸ´ʲôʱ

ȥúö飬ҾͶ档
⻰·СӵѨһĿӦ

ţӱŽ˾һׯʳģ;ö˶˹ϵ˼ҵʳжľͶĺǴ

ȵţϵжͶ˸кûҰŵĿջޣǸţȥ˾˾˼ҡ

ԼҵԺֻѾɼȴڶ飬һСŮδһסһȫҿһ˵ٺ»ӣ˶ùͣӹȷʵԣ

ţĸ˵һӺòˣ˵ּҵѶھ϶ȵеˡ

һߣ̫̫ʻԼԺӣԺӺֻܰŷʹӣڹӼ飬շżٱ򷢵һׯϿӣƽүʱҲûˣȴ

̫̫ˣ
ŷ˵Ĵ󿪴ţԺΪŮ˵Ĺ˲

ҹƳϣ̫̫
̫̫ǱˣǸѾͷүһ춼δظ

ڶԾͷ͸濴ԼӲ޵񣬵ĵ
֪ˣס˵Ļвþ֪

ǱأҪȥˣ

ãǸѾͷͣ꣬ɣ

ͷ˳ȥ̫̫žԼֱ洫˵
үˣ
⣬ߣڴͷʹգգ۾ﷺЩʪ

֮ǰţװ˿ڴ˼ңǾ˾˸¼ҵ˼ңһΧŶܸˣֵǮҪԼǮʡˣϼ
˾˿ѵòһأ
ֱ֥Ʋ죬˼ҶԼĺðɣ

ҹڴ˽
˾˵ÿգǷּʱ˵Ҫǡ
Ǹã
ϸ˼ˣ
Ҳþûˣ

֥۾Цּҷּҷּң

ᣬǵ۾ͲҪ˰ɣ
˼ģԼһǵֶˣǻҪѹϱϣŸɴ಻ˡ

ȴ⣬ܺ˵
֣ʱֵؿһѺ֣Ҫ֥ɳԣ
ҪԼĵˣֻԼʹ

֥۾еġ


ֲģˣۼԼµָĶã

ǼĶĵز̫ˣۼҿ

ǲϯñʱ򣬷ּҺҶЩ׬Ǯʳԡ

ϲͬ⣬ıŮѸ֥ŵĶҪסˣ֣Ǹﰡ
ŤŤ
ң

ĵֽ˿У
Ѿͷ˯û
֥ĺװ˯װĺȻ

˵λأ
˯ϱ֣
ᣬú˵㿴۴ʮ꣬Ķֱˣʱɻ̫ۻӣڳʲôҩúõģۿԱŮϽ֡

ɣģ
ϸж˵ɷ

֣
֥Ĭ֮ԱơŬסԼĺֱ˯š

˵Ҫĵأ˶棬ɫͷ
ҲãʳԻ˵һгԵܲӡ

ллһŬǮңõġ
һм˵

Ҫһƽ΢΢˳ӡ

߸ߵİһյ͵յӰӰ´£ݵλϣż˵
һ·ּҵ£ԺɡɰҲʹˣԺ󲻴ٿģۼЩغ͵æڴɲҪԼĵط˷ݣһĶˮĶ 

ӶͷַǶû

ȥֽĲٹͭǮǿͶ˰ֽֽ˺컨ȾϣɸǷӣǮȥ˸߰˰ˣֻּʮ㼸Ϊá

˻һӶĬǶ飬ʶֻˣǮǶģû˵ѡ

ׯǸŵϺŵбµˣǸˣӸɸǷܿϾӶһ

Ǯһǵ뱲Ĺײıһ㵽ֵ߸ϣһʮᡣ
˵˴˶٣
Ҹղ˵ˣֻܹʮǮܶøɣģԺֵּܷҲһҪֽҪҪֽʱӼûʱˣǮ֣ļֽ͵ԼǰһҰǮΣ

ѵһǮͷּңʵ
ҸշּңͷûǮιӣ

һգɷĶ׵Ժ󣬼
ٽӻǳԵ𣿡

üͷһҹС߿˰ϣͷʹʱϵļһѴԿǣŭ
ұ죡

һҭҪӭɷź˿۾һ˻ŵ
˵ﲻˣ

ûųӺɫ
ӼҹûǮȷʵУһǮţд¼ҪǮͻá

˵ȴŲԼ䣬ǮйţµĹﻹһЩһͭǮ
Ҫף컹ҪܸǷǮĵط̫࣬˵㻰ʮĹǮϣ˸϶룡

ӹһǮ̧ͷԸ֣صĵ
Ȼŵģ
μ˾˾˵Ļ˳˵޵ĺ̳ԣͬĵǸңֻ̬ܰȰںãصƿ졣

ã
ĵͷӱСӽ̵ĺܺã𾴸ĸչ׵ܣʲȷʵǼõģκΣﰵ̾˿
ȥЪŰɣ춼ң






12.     

һǮһǧģһǮ
֥ĬĬŵۣϰͭǮһ飬ϰŮһٸӼױһСľϻװ˽ȥʱҲֻһľޡ

үүǸϺ꣡
֥ͭǮˣ

˶ô˵
ϺͬԼŮ˵ֵܷѾˣԶһǮһ㶼û٣ֽõĲ㰡ڹ˵׸ʣµģǸһҿһ㣬һõأ

˵Ǯɶأ

ɶȻˣ
ϿᵽûǮĿˣǮҪúţ


֥ŵ
㲻ǮǮ

о۱𣿡
Ϸʵ

֥ҡͷ

զǮ˵᳤ⲻ᳤Ǯ
ЦŶ档

ﾹȻὲЦ֥ۣɴ˽
ҵ˼۴Ӵͼյ㶫ϸ߼ȥ

Ǻ»ֵĵ㣿
һװǮǮյľϻŮһۣաһľӸˣ


֥̾СԴϾëë̴̵Կǣ
׬Ǯ½úóͺˣ

˵ǮǮҿǸ°ϰǮøɷ
ɣҿ϶æɱֻү㣬ٶ嶹ٴһû˼ɱģ۰ѵһٷĺõ㡣

ĸûһ飬Լ˽⣬ٷ϶ҪԹ۵ģ˵ԼǰЦֻԼˡ


ӹǮӾͳȥˡ

ŮԺӡ

ƿԺţǽӿ⣬ʱֵӡϺ˿϶Ѿ֥ܹȥſһ飬ָżԱɫʵ
⼸ˣҪҪժ

ժӰɣ
ͷҲصĵһˮֱӽˮⶼˢɾˮͰˮȥſͰԺŮ˵
ȥھˮ

ھʱ´ҼһˮԴˮϴϴ£ܴھĻһǴ˵Ȫ٣һǴһھѿɲƣׯˮҲֻҺҡ

ּԺϾͲȥϷﵣˮʵܹŵ˵ǻǰûа취㶼޴ֻװƣڷּλŰοԺھԶ

ھˮܿ͵ˣ˲˵Աߣ֥Ҩһưĸ
ˮͦɾġ

ﶼˮˮĿ쵱Ȼɾˣ

ȥɱİɣ
ôȵ죬ˮǸû֥Ҩһưˮ˳ȥ΢紵оˣ

㿴ǽˮ氡
ϸŴŮˮŸջɷԹ

Ǹȥ
ŮˮȴЦеģԼСʱҲ棬ĸ˰죬Ӵ˾Ͱϲòĵףˮܼʺ磬ĺƯ

îʱǼʱ컹δ˴Ȱﶼᵽ˶ֳϣҾͿʼˣ֥ǵ·ӣҪǿҡ

ȳԹ緹ԼķѾĲˣҲ˹

Ժ룬ѹĸ⡢ɡװС̧ᵽ¼ңı߱ûͶºã˲˰ʪ񣬰ŶϣðĨϿֱͣ͸ûðΪֹ

ϰѼιϾͶһûע˹ɩ˵·Ϊʹɩô沣һ׶ϱҲûܵŶٹذʹɩΧŹ̨Щ֣ô£Ҫæġ

ϳ극źӽݶҪʳ˾ϳ׶ϱſӣȴҲˣֻñźվſڶŰʳ

ôȵ죬㱧ŸӶſڸɶ
ͷĵﾹЩϲ̨£ʳװˣô˫۾ţλһ㡣

̫ɹˣ㿴ߵۣܶ
ɰƵİĸͻȰ
㻻·ͦġ

ǰϿɲӵȰ˵ԴС߳󣬶ֺ˵Щ׶ӵ̬Ա˺ܶ࣬ѶɵĻ˽ȥķҿһЩ·

ԺװãװЩƶҾͰˣ뿪լͷǸڵľţζӳ£ŮĺһҵĸҪӵĶࡣ

ӿڣ֥Ӱ˳ǣţĸ׻֣
㣬үүˣ

һקţߵĿЩ¼ŮڵԼԺԼǼĶˣ

ԼԺǰţ˩ǰʯͷϣԺŴ򿪣ø¿ͣԺļҾߣܵܰߣøŽŵĴֶӵ
¿װ˶٣һҪһˡ

һ¿װǸ֥´ԼＷŷŵļľͰľ衣

ķ䣬һŴһӾˡ

ľԼ´⣬ۼ֥Ҳǣǰ
֥ϲ𣿡

ϲ
үүŮһױ̨ģɹ֥Ҫ˸ױһģ 
үүҲҪױ̨Ҫ治Ҫ񻨣ܸ𣿡

룿
ľһ˵֡

֥Ѹ׸ԼĳʽӸһСȡҲܷ㣬ľֻһ۾ϲˡ

ǹ֥յһӰڵǰдġǧġصյ˳

쵽ʱӢ¿һˣҲ⳵ǰŵſڵӵＸҽ֧Ŷء

ϲ֮ǰЩ˰Ժӽǽ䶼˸飬ͨéݣʰĺܸɾ

֥ǰÿ˶ȥǳ;εĿʵ飬ľնסˣ 

éӴģζĵطȴˣбӺͿľ˸оϡ棬
ԣ
û㣡
ģ˵Ļġ

Ҫ
÷򣬸һ
ľΧŵֵͷʹˣǵùɵĸŮ
ֽ֥á

֥ԼıīŵԺķϣëպīˮľ˵
𼱹˭Ҫʲô˵ǺʡŪ

ȹүүֽʻԼ֥ûط䣬֪ûɶģֽʶζˡ

ҹˣ֥Լ´ϴҹѵ̺úռռ

֥˯𣿡


֥ţ
һզ˯ģҲµģ

֥ﱧ
ϱŮ˴ߣ§ŮСӸп
û뵽ôС˵ֶ£

֥ĸ׵ıô˵
ȻҺͬĻҲôɣ

ѽɸˣҴûޣɽ͵͵Ĩˣ
ϱСŮ߶

ж᲻ᵯԼĸ׸ˣӡɲǸԵ˰Ȼһ˴ù֥Ҳˣ
Ϊɶǲլǰ¼Ҽģ

ǿͰӸ˵ģһֱײÿéܲþȴû뵽ôܵ


֥˰ͷĸ׻оܲԼŮĲã治֪׵Ϊ֮ΪԼ㣬˵ʵҲ̫ãҪԼĬˣԺ͵͵ĶԵõ㣿





13.  ñ   СԺ

СԺѾ⣬ɽӲǶһᣬû˴𴲵ĸо̫ˣ˽˺óʱ졢졢졭

𴲺ﱧһոѣŻ󣬴ưˮѹǽϵĸ˵ܵִӲ±һոѣΪ˱ණģոָɾ

ͷܿðոѾȵ̯ϣϹǣ¼˰Ѵûʱ䳤͸˾Ϳ˹ոɫ仯ԣʱ濿ǽͼϾðĽոѣոֻѲݡ

ˮ׺⿿ǽͼ϶˽ոѺѲݡ

µӾͶ˸ľժƹϺӣ϶ռԺӺܴλõͼӺ
ѽŮڰڡ

㲻Ѳݱϯȷʵг𣿡
Լֹ󾫵ȴΪԴŮԹѲϯгӣӦ÷ŵһԹˣֻԺмĸŹֻڼĸʱΣԼķǲԼɶ͸ɶ

϶źϺӽҲŽǰһ˰ոѣջ±ѹĻһͷϡ

㣬ʡʣռ衣
֪С㣬Ҫˡ

˵ζƮ䣬֥۾Ŵ⣬
ģҾȻһ˯ʱ򣡡

˵ζҲƮһǽ֮ĶھӼ

Ҷˣ
һϸСڴ

ûɶζһŶӾܲˣ
СѾͷĸϳ̯ӣöһ㡣

յȰɣȥɼҲ˶ٳԵģⶼ೤ʱˣ
׽ܳ˳ͺı

ϸоϵ⣬æѱԼ߳˳˵
㻹вˣŮͳ˶ˮˣһûУհɡ

𣡡





ˮպˣҪҪˮ
Ӱ˽ɣ

ʮȴܳԺӣѾ˰뵣ˮԼϴɾˣ̼ҷĺܣ˿ɾɶûˣ 

䣬㴩·ֶŮ֥棬ɩӻ㷹ġ
ϰŮ˳ȥͺˣԼԲ

ϴ֥ľҪˮͿѾ˵ĴſվһС
䡭Сùá
ĽͰͣԼСˡ

֥
СѾͷԼһǣŲĵ
档

֥˲ֽѵľϲУǰС֣
Сùãᡣ

СѾͷһȻĵ
䣬ﻹû

û
ͷ˵´ɩĻ

Ŷ
˭ֻ֪ôһʣתŮ
֥Сùȥ³Էˡ

꣡
֥ȴö

ʹվֱ֥кŽţĸ˵һ˳ϡͱӡ

䣬ڶߵñ֥ſڲŸ׸Լһ²ñĸ￪ʼ棬˴޵Ĺ£
ǰսʱͦڿģɴ̫ˣЦö֮Ӿһˡ

ôЦ컹Ĵ϶һζˣԷʱҶһ
׽Ϊʲôô

ߵ£Сʱ֧ʹɻҲĲˣĸɴ˼۲Ĳ
СʱĽ׽ˣ˭˳ô⡣

Ǽλͦõģ֪Ϊʲôܿ𣿡
Ůգգصʵ

֥ϲհҡͷ
֪

СĸǨǰСڶӡҶھӰˡ
̾

Ǹë
Ҳ̾
ֽźúõĲɻ治֪զģ

Ҫ뷨Ͳˡ
֥ȴĳ治Ͳһ˰ˣ

һ˵˵ЦЦϤ
㣡򣡡

Ůָӵæңظķб߰Ĳñ֥ѾܳԺӣţϲ⣬
⹫šˡˡС̡

ȴŶ򿪣ţϽ˲

ţϵĶǸСҹ׼ĶҪһֻļүƿָһļ
ﴺļ̣и¾µˡ

б˿տյļЩļȴΪİ治֥ܷץ˰ӳһֻӴ̽ͷ֥ҲľһѶ䣬
ιǵ㣡

ٺ٣ⲻƭǳ
֥λԴЦš

ĸȰÿ䷿Ӷһ£һӶͦ⣬
ӽĲ
ʱµũּܷǲ˼ˣȻ׼Ҽҵ׺ʵƽ

źСºˮڹſڰ˵强ǳϳСõһνԼţ˵˼ˢˢֹסˣߦȷƴĲ۾

ĸǮŮļ
ԼԸģզڲžί

ҾǾöԲס㣬ô궼Ųġ
ϵͷЩÿλؼҶǿŸЦҧ˵Լͦãĸ׵ʱȰԼкļŲýԼȴΪȻ֪ˣȴѾû·

ǮȦҲˣ̾˿
˭أҲ᲻ãҲ᲻ãֻܸžˣ

㿴㣬ǰ˵ĺܣôˣ
ϽһһֿȰš

ԶԣǸӣ
ǮĨĨᣬЦſŮ
ѾԺԼˣأٵСѾ޳ȥ͸ˣ



һߣҲŮ˵
ֵĵģȥѵظˣ

æվ
ĶֻһĶأûָ꣬Ӳ׼ٸǴԶһˣڼ

ǰѽһߣ
õȥɣ͵أ
ãҴȥ
æߵǰ·ĵĵڴͷ˿һƬɽأľïʢ·ϲʱصĴ

ת˻󣬳үˮüͷĶĹŮһڳԵİ
ɰЩҼ˿ٿĶĵأܵðѿֳ

Ϊѣ֥Сˣ
⹫ҵвͬ뷨

Ŷ˵

ҾٿĶĵأ취ڵĶزһЩ

СѾͷͦ˵Լʳ뱲ӵׯڰʽ˵⻰
үӿŮɷµС
զߣ
ŮܻûУû̸߲

ȻǷϣһηʿ˵Ϸ˼Ѿˡ
ֿ֥ʼϹࡣ

үȻǲŵģĸÿ겻ַİַˣ˵ʳĻ
ԿɣҿһȦ⸽Ҳûɶɿĵĵأʳпٺúð⸽ߡ
⹫ǿӦˣЩ˿ɶ˾ԼûпеĻĵأȴ˵Ůᡣ

һˣԼļһʲñϱһĲñʼšü˼ͷǰʱķ겻һһЪϢȻУ£ıߵĽոѣŮĲʱͷҡͷϵٶȿʼ죬ȵͷ䵽ɽӲñڳˡ

֥𣿡
֥ӹԼͷһ
㿴أ

ֵֹģǲѿ

ǾУٸӹ
֥Լúõ鲼쵽ûжĴزñĺ棬Ժ˵ؽˮĸ֣
㿴ö

ϱŮ£͵εģɽһġĲñ͵Լͷϣ֥ñĸ׵ϣ΢΢µĻκܺõסñĻסǰĴԺ˸ᣬתĸǰһ⼫ˣתͷŸԼĸ׵
ǲǹֺÿģ

Խŵķ˷ñܣ˵
Ǻÿ  

ǿֲñĺô
֥ʼԼɣ
ͷôͷŷ٣ȫסĲñźܲͷͺּϲñţǺ̵ð

ֱͷÿԼͷ϶ӣñûɲĻͲγԵ
е㵣ģ
ǲ֪˼ϲϰϲñ˴Ҷϰˣ

۱༸ԣһأ
ֵ֥

ûʱţ浽˸ϼûԼȥϼأһߺզ죿

ϼҲȥۼȵʯĥ
ּЩӣЩȱ綼Ÿϼˡ
ȥñһߺȣ
Ҫزپҵˣ֥ǮԼڴˣ

Ů²ľԼҲˣеһϼ϶Ȼͻˣ

Ķũʱţȥһɣʱ˳ŴھӣͶкĳȥϼ

֥Լ²ñժ˶ӻڲñϣ˶үүңԺǽߵľס˽š

һ˶үүţ󣬹֥ǱµĲñţ˵Ŀ⣬ 
֥ñÿ

ԼʽñٳְǶ²ñûΪģŮ󷽷ĴţñһȦɫľȻÿ






14.  ϼ   ׯļ

ׯļӢżҴӱϣһٸվ輯ΧͬģΪ˽վٸԱγ֮󣬲֪˵һڴ˰ҵ˼ңö֮⼯оͳֵľ󣬷ʮǴ󼯣ΧĴԼҵز˽ףƽʱһСĽгҼһԼĶ⡣

үүжõ
о˺þõ֥̲סʵ

Ǿվ
ϵıǰָţվǽϵӭչ

ָţƵߵĺ·վſһĹѾǰӵĿٳǱǶȥ֥㼱ٱܵķԼɶʱȥһأʵĹŴǿ̫ˣ

ţ߹վֵļ˶ֿ·ͣţϵ˷׷˳ȥ
ɣ⼯ҲģȥҸλð̯֧̯λģվյģˡ
岻ĵһѻ

ñϯֹ֯ҵˣкܶλã֥һ˼λãɵ϶ʯ飬ռ̯ӣŮתתȥϰŵĵӷ£
֥Ҹյؾǡ

ǲУ
֥ҡͷ۾Ĵ۲ţ
̯ӵλÿнˣõ̯㿪ţ


ͷϵĲñȷ磬Ȼô

ڣ֥ѡһѼĿλã
ɣ

Ӻ𶼷£ѵϵͳͷĵȥϼ˼ʯͷסͼ֥ϴԼڼҾ׼õƷ
м䣬
һϯȴֲͨĲϯֻзСչһȴǺͨͨޣͬ״ĺ˫ϲ棬ۡ

ñЬһ߹ˡ
һθϼǴĻﲢ̰࣬ھͱЩñЬɹ֥ӲǰѸ׵ļֽͺֽҲЩ
ԺҪڸ󼯵ģҲ˼֪ʱ䳤ҹ

̯Ӱںˣ߸ϼ˻ûôϣǶԵĴѾתˡ

֥զѡλð
ڵÿʳԼʣŮһгӿˣ

û˵⼯ɶ

ģ
̯ǰ࣬ϴ󵨲²⡣

ԣ
֥ҡͷתʸף
˵أ

ҵ˵
Ҳ̧ͷŶ棬˼˵
ڼǼ


ϿԼһģһǰһСѵĸ߸ߵģ˶ûУ˵ʲôʱһ˹һڶϻλΣһˣ뿪󣬺ӴﶼӸˡ

ôȵ죬ô༦ɷŲס
૵

Ӧǿݵģûϵ𣿡
﷭ﾫ֡

̯λѣģ
ϻع񣬾ͼɷǮ˸ƬƬߺ󣬲ʵ
˵𣿡

ͷǩһǮ˸ǣ

˾䣬
վĹүģ

̯λѽˣϵĸˣ֥ԼĲññϵľȻˣӻͳһӣСĵĴ򿪣ľȻأ֥˵ˮСĵĲ嵽ñϣվ
ҵߣ

֥ĲñȻͦ˵ģϱͺס
СѾͷñģ

۹⣬Ҵȥ

СϱͬŹ֥̯ǰСѾͷ棬ˣ
ҵģ
ǰñҵģֿˣ㿴ŵĶġ

ʶ֣
ϱԱ곤ĸ˿ļֽͻֽ

ǣҾүүŹҵŶأдử
ϸо죬Ůôôᴵꡣ

ļٵģ
Ḿ˾СѾͷ⻰ţƤ

Ǹʵĺúӣ
֥Сһ壬ԼĻ
Ǳׯģ˴¡

ׯˢֽ
곤ĸ˵ͷ
ĺֽǴġ

ʽñһõλ˵ǰ棬ָ֥һ
㣬ñкɫӣкɫӣϲ֣

ϲɫģñе⣬
ȥһʼʾﲻˣ
ͷǲˣҺĲӲа

㣬㿴Ĵӿɳأ
֥Ѻɫñӷ£ɫĴѴĿһЩһƯĺˣĴӴܵסӺ棬
鲼͸һȺȵģ졣

ϱ˹ͷһԴתԱߵͬ飬
㿴ÿ𣿡
֥һϱϵõĺģ

ǹֺÿģ
λԱ߿˵ͷֹ
ǺɫĴӳĵˡ

Ǯ
ʮġ
Ǵñһļۣöٽոѣ
㾫ò֣Ϳʼˡ

ҽոõ٣鲼˰鲼ɱȽոѹˣҵ˵±۸ͻϵʵȴϵ׬ǮأҪ㻹һϵġ
ֹ֥һʽñݸ޵Ŀˡ

ĽȴϽӣȻûտƫøʣž֪Ǹͷԣģ
СãǲЬǮ

һļۣʮġ
Ҫ˫ЬұǮΣ


֥ͷ˸һۣһһ飬Ϊѵ
ûѽ
ñʮһһĺ

֥Լ˸Ĵָ˵Ǳ

һ˫ЬʮİɣҿҲǸˬˣȥñϲһǼһֽֽֽҪ׵ҲŽܽܡ

⡮ӶǮ
곤ĸָŲϯĻֽ˹֥ϲ


֥ͷ

⻭ֽʮġ
۵ʱЩģģ
ܣǻֽ߯ãԼʱǧˣʮһţǻľЩģҪһϣммǣ

һҿ
СĴóһֽ򿪺һšӶֽ

λ곤ĸǸʶģ̧ͷ۲ϵģֺĶԱһ£
ñЬŻֽʮģ
ϵ
Ůͬʱ̾

Ȳһ𣿡
֥Ŭһ

ˣȽ궼ˣ
ҡͷͳǮʮͭ˹

ѻֽϸľãЬԼ˫СʵģͿˡ

ǱŻֽҲ⣬ЦŶԶϱ
⻭ԢãȥǴͷϣ걧Сӣ
~~
ϱߵҡҡŵĸ첲糺Цݴۺɬ

ϳȥתһȦʯĥˣǼ۸еߣɷֹ
Ҫģù󣡡
ʯĥũڴһʲˣ۸Ҳġ

ѾʮǮˣȵ̯׼ܰʯĥȥ
ϴһʲôˣ
ñô

ŮСȰȰȣǲñ˳ȥһǲñЬֺǺǵǮʼˡ

ȵʱñЬȥ˴룬ǮͭǮҲٶö

ϰԼ̯ıóǾõĲˣͲӴ򿪣һֻӡ

ñͲЬĲȫҪˣܹǮ
һһ̯ǰŰѲñЬһ飬վЦ


ȻôĿͻ֥ľһţǮҪ

ѾٵİѲñһ飬ܹа˶ʽñ²ñǲЬʣĶЩʮ˫
ҪĶ࣬ñͲЬģܹġ

һ֮ͳǮ򿪺ǮϷѣ
ϵܣͭǮ𣿡
ӺͶʮͭ塣





15.  ƭ   ǰ

ǰһɫ³ͷ룬էһˣ֥ȴ̯ϵļӣǲǸũĥļӣյ֮ˡ
֥ͬģСɫҿƤĳڵסˣһ첽˸ߡ

ǼСӣһӣԼǮٶģǸСӦҿҪͷȴŮ˵
󲮣һû˶Ǯ˲ٶҲ

ȻŮΪ˵ǰϵĵͷ
ԲסˣҲ


ûںСѾͷĻ̯˵⻰¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫ
Ǿˡ

תͷˣ֥һɣͷԸ˵
ȥЪЪʰ¼¡

Ѹ׸ղ£Ĳñְȴ뿪ֻת˹
ϵܣһǺܿգܲܺΧĽͭǮҸңǶھӣȥֲ¡

˵ղŻֹŮƣҲﲻԾȹ֥˵Լܾˣ
λ磬ҪñվܻͭǮ


̾˿
㲻֪վĹүӣһӾҪʮǮñϲֵѶ͵ȥҺһȥͭǮ㡣
۾ÿǼñǷǳϲӡ

󲮣ҵȽŲã߲Զ·ҲɲػҪǳľԼͭǮûΣǿȸͷ
ֳ֥ɵɣֻڿһҲܣ˵ˣ˼ϲ֮˼ȻԼңﻹеµġ

ʱһϼͬ帾˽
磬ȰѶһ߰
үүҵĶϱˣĶ١

ҵҲһᣬ¼ˣǱ߲ͷб˵ģȥȥ

ɣ߻õȻᡣ
һǳһŵĽӹɩӺ͵ϱŵ棬ȷʵ˵ѡ

Ǿ´˵ˣ˳·յҪϲˡ
ź̾˿ҡͷ뿪ˡ

뿪󣬹֥͸һۣ¶˵µɫ
Աǰ̯Ĵ󲮰ŲŲ
ֵܣղĺհǾǸƭӣѾƭ˲ˣ

ƭӣôƭ˵ģ
ûֻ˵û

ʵģɲ֪ΪӵǵĿڴͱɼٵˣϼ˾ˣҶǻؼԺֱƭˣҪҲҲˡ

վĹٱ𣿡
ǳӾǵվȥƵģ˵ôܣЩүӿɶģ

ģһ׬ǮĿֶˡ 

ԱߴүҡŲñȷ磬֥˰ȹȥ
үȷ磬ԺǾϼҪүհ

ŮɫҸô꼯ͷһμ
үӹȿ޵

ͻ˵ʵҲ£
ǫ

үҡȴ˻ϻӣ
ǵһθϼɣҶܿοЩƭӣ⼯ϵƭһһÿƭ˷ʽһⲦ˵ƭ˹ƾͻỻطˡ


ֻˣκʹһģﱧ˼ɫĲͷŮ˵չ
ɫģȥ֥һȹӴ

֥̿۾ԼôһôţǿЦ
Ҿʹɫ鲼ͦõģ
ôУŮӾҪ

ʯĥ𣿡
ûҸ̯˵˵͹

׵֪𣿡
֪Ҳڸ׷ʳô첻˸ӻȥ

׵û·۴ģ߲ô·ģ͹ȥ
Ҳй
ĶˣʳǲģԼ¸ǵķӻû󣬿ʱ䳤˿϶УǷŸﱣա

ȥոףո׵ȴǼϵĳסéݷӼһԺӣſڵڸףԺǴССͬʽոչޣǴڵո׼Ǯ治ˣҪһһ֥ʱǮֵǮˣԼܹļҲ򼸿ڸװ

үүûǲ̫ÿģֻҪ©ˮǮ˵㡣
֥иΰļƻҪɣǱƷ

Ҫģ

ָƷ
вġ

ڴ׻Ҫ𣿡
Ҫġ
иġ

ׯңͻ𣿡
ɣǴҲһҪģҶֱӴӼ͹ȥ
ٽĴӣΪ⣬ոĶ̯Ҳͻġ

׬ͭǮˣҪϱⶼǳϿڽĲ²ſϵģȻʯĥȥĥ档

·ʱһ㣬
֥ߵĸǰС
š
ĵͷ

һһḥ̂ܿҵ·߶ţһֱţϵļſڡ

үүҸ˵£
֥յүүС
ǽڼƭˣ㱻ƭǮ

ҽʱҲ˵˼һƭӣʶģ

֥еľ˵һ飬δ˵
үүҿ˻мӣǸӣʱҪСģ·Զġ·ƫġʶĻӡ

źֱͷҲ£
壬ҵʱû˷룬˵ǹ֥飬û뵽

û뵽¶һҪ೤ۣ̯Ҳǰ㣬ĺ˶ͻأҲҪŵ㡣

š
ֱͷ

ϰѶᵽԺˣүߴߴأ
ɣ˵ɡ

˲ˡ
忴ɫһ
ҪȥˣҪˡ

ҹǰĥī֥ΪҪԢӵĻֽȴʷ湴֮£ǸƭԾȻֽϣڻְǰҴ֥̾ţԼŴ֡

Ȼ㻭ĺ񣬿㻭
֥ſϲʵ

Ҫүү͸ţǲ̤ʵ뾩ǽֻ꣬ɺĻϲˡ

ҾүүֻǸܹЩ˵Ǵү˵ϵƭһһ𣿹ЩǾˣ
֥Ǻ⸸׵뷨

ֻǸṩ˸и
֥Ϊ⣬øСˣǲ֮飬ȴ׸׻Լǡ

ѻԱһţӣ
ˣ㲻˵ǧġᱳڱ

ƣġ
֥ҡͷԱĺ
㽲ʼ֣˷ѡĹ¡

ϽϵĵƹѽĻȻŸʲô֥ţҸ·ôأ

ž
۾
ˣ
ҸղŽĸһ顣

죬ĲݳøĿ죬΢˼ңҰݾ͸ǹׯڣׯڵķˣؾͰˣԳϵڿ쾢Ǿģһ˴žͿųͷԼǿ׵ݡ

֥𴲺Ĵ׺ˮˣϷźͷſڵĲ𱻸װڷŵĺ롣

֥˻𣬴ζˣջ¶ĲƵ˹£űϵľŶϣⷹպˡ

Ժļëģļһ飬һС輦ëϴϴɾɰտˮһ̣ﱧһС̳ӣĻƶҨһװ赽ëʣζ

֥ļëóԣ
ϳŮ׼ķ޲ڡ

֥ǫ
ҪнͺʹóԵģ

ʧЦ
Ѿͷ㻹ֻԵģ

֥ģĸ̾
ɸΪ֮





16.     µĥװ

µĥװˣˮϴ˺ü飬ְŮһյĹˮʯĥ˺ü飬̱죬
ѾͷϹˮϴɾ˻ÿˮ̣

ҲǺ˵ˮгճĥĥԵǶذأǳӾͿʼҧǵĶˡ

ɱɣ
⻰ˣĥһ飬ʢ۵СҲɴ̰ɡ

֥ЦеĽӹ˵ӣȥװˮС¯˼񣬰ϣС¯ˮַģţ̫ƵЩ

ʯĥĲˣϰѾõӳĶ˳ͼһСӴӴܽ
ɩӣ̧
֥סӣСˣ

ɩӣӽۣĥ
ľڵĥǰһվĥĸ

Դһ緹Сܹһͨлսոѣᶫȵ˷ȴһˣ֮ԼԺӾͲʱӰˡ

Ÿܵժ˵Ĺ֥棬ϴɾˣ֥һһ룬
Сùã۳Ժϣ

ûӣȿĥĴһۣ֥
ţҲУ

ǺϽõʱֻһһڸԲö˶ˡ

顱
ԺﴫŵһƷŭ
ǾȻڴϣĲݶǹׯҲ֪ȥ϶ȥأͷǶˣ

ҰǱӶˣ˯ɸ
ŮӶ
ˡ
Ȼҧķߺ
ͷӣͳңҽùӳҲǳ鵽ȥܵðŮˣ

㣬ôҴ·
ܿŮӵĲҽк

֥ĺ϶˳ԣôҵ

үүҵȥˣ
ڵĿźϸСֶŮ赭д˵Լҵ״

֥ʹĿ۵ĥͳԺϳԵ䣬ǰ;
***

յӭһ˿磬ϱһĺڲһᴩأź¡¡

ؼ
ӵϸݵ֥Ѱ֪˺һȺӺ

ˣ
ӵ̱Ϻܿܳĸӣͷľ֥ھŰ£ű¨һСģǻͷ

ˣǰͣˣ۾ӱһΣʱ֪˺񣡡
ɫıţ֪˺￾ԼҲӡ

ʱҰ
ɿϲ֪˺ˣҪǶ˾Ϳͼ˳ԣĺ֣

꣬Ǿǰͣ
֥ƵٶȲ²ĸ˶һĿ

ù֥Բڣһ˦ͷ˵߱ϵͷ
ܰ˿ɾܳˣ

ȵ˼ң

һش꣬ưõĴſۿɼԺͻˮѹѹе˸о˵Ŀ£
˿ĪҪİ׿ר˵ģｲСʱ򣬴˸Тӡ
ϿʼŮ˼ƶĳͷˣ

֥ϲ£ƶ壬ӢлˣЩõĹӰµˣһһ

ƣƹŷ磬Ŀ֮Ļϱ¶˷϶ֱء

֥ȥ׽֪˺ɣ
ϸϸſڴ˹

һ£Ҫߣ

µ̫ԺӶˮǶǵ˽ͨˮˮµĿ㣬СǶܣ׽֪õʱ

ܵ죬Ѿռ˺ӵһ֣СӰ־͸
䣬

֥ԼĻ۽𾦣ĿѰŸոձˮ֪˺󵣬һƬɵĳӾ˹ȥֶմġ

֥զ󵰡
ι󵰮µ
ĸС֪ʶãǲҪ󵣬˶ָ֥

һʯͷȴһצָϸĴ˳
ѽ򼣬죬ץסܻǮ
֥ϲĺ

䣬ĲӾͰסˣ
𶯣ǧҪ׽ж
֥ס֡

û£֪׽ҧҵġ
ϰΪ벻ĵ

ҲУжĶǧܵģѲɿһ㣬С
ļɵļ˻򼣬ӵС

֥á

ûȹ֥شëëȵˣԼСһŵӣ
Ҵģɺˣ

ҪҪȻȥҸҾƬӵ¡
֪ͦõķϣ֥󷽵˵

̫ɽʱ֣ӵɢȺ׷׻˼ң֥ڴںͬǷֿǰ˵
۳Է֮ǰһˣ϶к֪ܶ˺ȥɣϴθϼˣһܻʮǮأ


ʮģԺ˲˸ֳʳ¶˿Ŀ⣡

ǣڶһڴＸôѰһ飬ҹĺ֪ܶܶ˺ӵ˳ű¨ϼɼĲֺ

ȼСĳڴʱͿǽȫ͵һNɪĸԼ԰ڣ
Ҽ˺ö࣡ĴҶҹˣȥӵҰɡ

ȵͣӶű¨֥ңóڵͼϣӶԼĵ˳

ҵĺ͸һǮҲøš
ԼջεĽ׸籣ܡ

ҸǶǺˣȵǮ۰Ǯô
֥

У
ַܹƽҶûĵͷ

123
ëëʮԼһ顭


ϴϴֳԷˣ극
ϰѷ˶漸Ӻ


ȾӦһȴëë½ǣ
壬ۻȥԷʡʳ

ɩӣҺȥ̼ҳԷ
־Ҫߡ

ҽһ࣬Ƕⷹʣˣ
Ц߳סǣ 
֥ëëʹϴ֣̯ľ²˺ӣ㲻ϲ𣿡
Ů˵˽ͻȥ׽֪˺緹ϾͶЩȻӶŵԼңŮ˵ġ

ӶԵĴ˱ã²˱óԣ

Լ¨ӣһˮǣȥ¨ˣŮҪϺˣԼֻԼ취ȥץ

磬㿴ȥţ
ܻĿ¨ǰ档

ϽΪɶ²˱أǻŮҪͱŵ¨նá

һɢζСͱӽ¨Сĵİ¨ŵˮïܵĵط֥ˮ˺öɢζӣ

ˮϷˮаɫ֣ʳʱ¶ˮƤ

׽ģˮϤˮʳˡ
֥ЦеģҪܶܶϺҲԣҵĵҪܶܶϺˣԼһĶؾͺˣ





17.     

磬Ŵ򿪵ʹӼ˳
ͰȻԼеţûץ㻹еΣɱûͰǻŰɡ

磬¨ó
һܵ˺ӱϣҵԼغõӣһû

С壬ԶЩ
֥

ϾǸˣģ¨Ӻܿͱק˳ѷ۵ĿӴ򿪣ˮͰһ
ۡ
ö㣡

Ϊץ¨ӣüһֱӶɵˣôô࣡

֥û˵ɶأ۾Ȳˣ
磬۽Ӱɣ

ֱͷ
ҪģȻȥɩ̯ͱ

ͻĴѺöص㶼˳ؼҺͰĴ㱻˳ȸ˸ǰһӣ
ȥԼүүЩȥЩԼԣҪˣ
ûƴǣӾܻ˼ҡ

òѴЩ㶼ͼ㣬ӵ
Ҹլ͹ȥ˳͵һ¸ص£Щù֥ǰҵЩ岮ֵȥʣǶ˶ǵš

֥ͰְɷְɣֻʣЩССϺ죬Ҫϵԭϣ

Ĭ˼ҽҪģСС˾ŷݣ̧ͷŮС˲֣Ů˽ǰ
С֮Ǹܹһġ

ǰֲǲ񣡡
֥

ǲһ֮Խ߶Խ˵ͰӴ߹۾أҪǲЩ˼Һ˵Ǽҿˡ
֥Ĳ˵едð

ƴö˶ȥӱ¨ˣͲ÷ˣ

֥ǿͷ

СӸͶиô÷Ҫõȱˮ֥ܿ߰˼ңȵԶүүһʱһʯҸæǮ
ܣ鷳ˣ͵

µӽӹͭǮҲûľͷŵǮ
²£ʯõ٣ԲѰûʹɡ

֥鿴ʯ࣬үүͦмģȻ԰͹ҲǣЦ
壬ʯʱأͬǰǳʱ꣡

Ѿͷ
Цſűⵣ뿪ˣ֥ȴˣ
ǿػҰ

ԱЦ۵ģ
أ˭㰡

ϰʯൽŮĿ£ʯǰŰɣڱԸŮԡ

֥ȴȰʯŵһߣﶼС㣬˺ˮСܿŴ죬вӬˡΧʱͻɢŵζС¯˼˸˿ڵɰʼСŵɿ

ϰѼ㶼ʰΰţϵɰֺΣ磬ׯƮһԴζ

ֻǵ磬ԺȴƮһɹζ·޲ڱǶߡ

֥ǰҲũСŸĸµظɻɵԼҲɹũˣһЩֲԼ֪㣬ҪӺͷˮ֣ԼĿǰʲôɸѡԴӷˮ֣ǵضҲû취ڵÿȳԱ飡

һĶЧ󣬸ĸ϶ȫ֧֣Ķؾȫ

֥ԼҪڰĸһڷ͵ˮһǴͺĶڹɢˮƵ˸﷢ͣȰ¹ĸɵİ赽ﵱʣĵˮء

ʯ࣬Ǵǰĸ˵ԭʼʾԣԼҵĵȥɢǵ͵Ҫ߲ҪµĹɲС

ʱҵԺɢһɳζһڶס˱ӣۿ߹ˣŮİʯ൹ȥٵͽ裬ֱ˿飬ɢһɳǵζȴûиղˡ

ãӲģ仯ͦ˼ģ
ܵϣ

֥ҲǵһҲûգ
ǵʿ˵˼䣬֪ĶԲԣҲ׷ˣԣ

۲˵ԣǲӣȵظҾȥ
οȥʳأǽߵĲ˵ؾ

ֵĺϹɣûӣûüͿˣ

óͷѺԱٳһСӣ֥СӰ˵ÿ˵㣬ǧӰš
***
ɽϵĵˮر죬̫һɹͲЬˣһ磬ʹżȥԼҵĻĵأҵô࣬⿿һͷϻţôļ滻ŶҪصġ

ԼҵĵظĲˣ۳ӵͷӰ϶
ɣȥѵظˣ

õģ
ɷװˮͲǣţԱߵĵɩͷѾʼٵˣǣţеͷǰӹںŷ磬һĶظˣͷҲͷ

磬ŰӰѵ¦ƽؾͿˡ
ҸհѰӳͷ£ͱŮ˲԰ϣ
ǿʩʵĺϳǲǴ˵㣿

ʩܿɶ庢Ҳ˵ϹǣŮһУ˶ٵ
ͺˣ

ʵʲԼһĶؿɾһʶûˣԼշּңһʶûأǳľᣬһ߾úϹ֣һϣã

ҹˣȰŷȥ˯ŵɷ
ɣ£ǵزʩʵĻҲղ˶ʳ
̾˿
Ҳֻˣ

ǻưɫʱҵģﵽ˵̫ˣԽԽûף
֥ҪѼЩϣ

֥ģθöˣ 
ǻʲһǻһ£ǲľңķҲٵģ˵ҲֻһηʣӴЩˣ׷һηʲҲͦõģ

һĶ˰ĶƶĶһȦ˸ߣҲóԣɸܱöණԼЩӻ˾Ҫȥũҹӵ˵ǲĳǮġ

֥ڼ￴Щ򵥵ķˣøĸ˰ؼܺˮȷյʱݵǰϰһúõİֽֽǰһɫļֽһ

ɫļֽ򿪣ĨϴõĽС˰ֽϣѹƽĽƷˣǽİѾڵѾû˵طŰǰѾ˵

ҹ͵ƵŮĳɹ׵׺ֽÿţؼó˿㡣

֥ĥīëʵݵֱߣ
½ǩֽ֣Ҫֵġ

Ϊɶд½ǣд治ÿ

ֲֽд½͵þͺá
ðɣŮ˵ķǳе½дӬͷСڷɡԲЩԢõĴ

˳ľһıϴÿ׵Ĳӣ
ߴĽʵ㣬׻

֪֪߻ͽˣ
ĳƷһڰŷţȻУֽʻ
***
ȵˣҲˣæû༸ñ󼯾Ͳȥ

֥ڸȰ˵
ϼкö˴ֽͺֽģ¸мӣ˵⼯Ҫ׵ֽͼֽ˵һôҪأ

֥˵ضֺˣүȥϸֲ£ҽڼҰѽոѺѲˣҲණ

ҴոѰɡ
Ǹвסˣϼ˽֪˸ϼдʱţɲ˷ʱ䡣

ţϵĶھӣĵȻ죬ͨе߲ʱ·һׯǰŵۼķʲô

ǲؼҴôΧôˣ
·˨ĺսйٱ
Ҳȥ϶ˣ

־ţɣʶЩ·ߵսɵɫףȰ
սͷǾǽģǲСǱȥˡ

ôأʲôôֲȥϧ
Щ߳ԵĸοϴһϢ׷ױʾҪ³֣˽ǰţͣ¾ȥ

֥ԼҪʲôһ֪˵ǽֻһͷ뿴ʵĽһơ






18.  Ұ   ؼҴ⸽

ؼҴ⸽ĸԣӣﲻٻ˼Ҷס߷ӵҲƽ̹һЩߴͩӸһɫĴɡֻǽӺͻҴյ

ߵС·ϣ˶ǽŲҴңļſ֣ȴй׷϶ſֻź;£ 
ģ̫ˣ

Ҳ֪ˣ
ϣٸץȻĽĿô죿

֥һСܣЩֻƬѾ²⵽ǰˣ˴⣬ȺܿٱӰһ۾Ѱſֵˣżг
ٸ참˵ɢ
ˣ
Ⱥ涼߾ٵĴ󵶣Сһ˽ȥſӢͦӰһУ֣ɫеＷɲС

֥ٱӢˣ۾˷϶:
ʺѪҺĿ˫ۣ־ıεŻ
ֻ֥һθӿ˳żȺ·ֱµＷỨ

һֻĺ󱳣һӵͲݵǰ֥˹Զ˵ˮڣϴϴ֣Żվ

԰Ѫɫգĵ
֥ˣ

ööѪˡ
֥ڸ૵ղŵӾ̫²ѡ

ȻǾĹٱˣ϶ǳ˴£ǿسϣˣ±ٱʻ鷳ˡ

õģ
ٳǿ֥ԹԵĸŸţ

ֿ۹֥˪ӣ
ˣ
ţööѪ
֥ҡҡͷܾ롣

ţԼ˽ǰ
֥⼯۲ˣؼҡ
·һ룬ڻͷ·Ҳò˶೤ʱ䣬ؼҸŮȺȣ˯һͺˡ

һͷߵĴҰ·ǿ֥ҡͷ
ûˣȥϼ

ŮǻģûǰŮ͹˹ŮˣĻ淢ɶֻ֥һ۾ͱˣҲ֪ɶֱ½½Ļţֿʼڵƴ˸š

ǴＸ󻧣Ǯ˼ҡ
ĶеĺͺӣŮĶˣǱ°ˣ
ŷֵģȥﱨĹ٣Ǿ׸ۺͽ
˵ǷӡѾɱȥ׷ˡ

ǲǲǱģǰʱƺˮλ˺ܶ࣬²Ӻ˹
°Ů˵ĳӺ˭飬ɱǶٺˡ

Ҫץˣô죿
⻰һ۷׷׵ȫס죬ǰׯؼҴŶԶ˵һֵԼأ

ۿȥʹ˵һôҶСġ

ؼʱ̻⣬
ĪĪѾȥϴһ±ĴǸɶǾؼҴһ˻ǱĴҲУվ϶йүȥһûץˣҶ֧ŵ㣬೤䳤죬֮ǰͶϼϣȥ¸Ӧԡ

֥м䣬ֱʱѵʶԼһʱ˵ǰֻԼƫԶũ壬һĻһĶ⣬һʱ

ҲȻ˸ףǰԸʵԹԵģΪʲôĸ׳ȥⷿס߸ɴȥͶүүƫҪǸܼ̱ʱǼҲǱݣ˲ѱŸͻȥ

֥ڳģһļУ֧ѾӵĹģйصӷǳȫҩﻹһУȻҽôǾ˵ˡ

һĽ϶࣬ǮҪһЩͷĨȥһġ

̣
֥һ䣬һҵϻдʮأ

ϼ˶еĲɣ͸ϴֻ컥ͨϢ֥̯Ҳûȥñֽͼֽģ

ֻк˫ϲûкԧģ
һ͵ĵĻ֥́ͷ
ǰĴüͷ˸˫ƽ٣ںڵĳ˳ĴڼϣһǸŮ

еģֻҪҪɶԣﻹмŲͬģȿһ£
֥˸ӳø׼ļСƷýֽϣ߶ͬһ顣

찡̫ÿˣ
ûʽĴ㾪ţӹͰ֣ÿһҳļֽƯ

ǻ١˫ɡúϡӡӡ
ֱ֥˳ȥվ߸ܡ

ô
㿴ĺ˫ϲִСǮһԣеģСġ

ô󰡣
û취ֽ̫ˣôһֽҲԴġ
ȻСľǴ׬ˡ

ֳɵ𣿡

ûУҪԤģȻôôĹ

ĸģ
˵Ż洫һѯ֥æͷһѽ󵶣ɶǹٱѾ첽˹ͷ
үׯġ
·𣿡
ееģ

֥λԱƣʡİ˹үۣ
㣬Ҫ𣿡

ǼǮ˵㡣
λеԥʵԼ۸ͦģֲǵһδֽԼҲи˻ֻʽûô࣬ǮҲˡ

ֻ֥һ۾ܲµλļҾĵİı
㣬㿴Ĺ۾ڸϣЩױ۾ЩСģԢõģȥϲľУ㶨Ķˣһһ

ѾͷǼֽҿһۣ
ԼѾǹүͦԶģôֵˣ֥ԹԵİԼϣλүͦϳɣϸʵƤͦ۵ģѵǻδף

һŷĻĹүŶĵʵ
ֽԼģ

ǵĹү



ϴӻģûࡣ

ӲҲŹȥһݣҵʱھﶩҲ㡣


ӹүӻĲӣûǱߵԼү뿪ˣԱͬ鲻֪˵ɶһӡ

ĹүȻ˵ãԥͷˣǲӻˣæҪˣ
СãҼҪ 

ͳʮĶǮָָǰ棬
㿴Ҽҵ̯ӾǱߣ¼ҪǼֽһ

ԭҲǳϼģϼԼˣ֥ﰵԲ²š

ɢر磬δ磬е̯Ӷ֥վǩӻ˻ӣһĹиϼ˶֪ؼҴĲҰȥҶеأ





19.  µĳԱ   һ

һҴҴҳ뷹ȥլֺ͸һȥңǵʱҲųӸմ糤ɫأûãҾˡ

ׯʮ໧˿ڣʵʵİȴаٶ˼ңֻںö˼ҶǷּҲֻԻͷҪٺܶࡣ

λϵĸףѾʮүӣ뷢԰ףȴӲʣ𱱷Ӻгݵĺޣ
һƬһƬҰӺſɱ˲գۣʮǰɱôˣ˳𲻹죡

˵ؼҴ˼˽ӣӦòࡣ

Щ̽ӣֻǲ֪ʱǱģЩӻûġ

̽Ӳ̽ӵĿɲ˵۲Զģ˼ڹٸûץ֮ǰɼ׳ͷѲߣԼӵİȫ

ڹ֥˾ܣסˣԴӸԺʼѧԼˣǽǴЩ߲ˣ˺һģɷ죬ڴϵ޾˹һһˡ

լɾͺëë֪֥˾һǰһզզ˹ǵýš

֥ͻԼ䣬ܵĳе˯ţЩûץ֮ǰҹߵ

˭ëëһһ㡯˽̾˿ץϵǮ䡣

˶ˣ֥ͳǮмһʳָꡯһȻһ䣬һӣ
죬һҰ
񶼶Լ֥ĵɭ
·ؼҴʱֻѪ֣·󡭡

Ź֥򿴵ͭǮϲˣ
~~
ĸӾһ𣬾ŰˣǰţˣɵԽԽ¡

żСһﾪ񣬹֥ķ⼸Ǻӣץ˰ͭǮ
ץ˵½ٸȥǮɣǲܹһƹİĨˣһǮҰ֣
֥Ѽ¼Сùʼ㣬
Сùռͷʮġ
һöǮ

ëëоģʮģҵʮġ
ëëҲֿ˴죬ղŵĹԺǮҪʲôأ

Լòã
ã
ſϿʼǮͭײú

壬ҴˣҲգⶫҪֶģҪ¼Լȥʣ

У¼Ҿȥ
ǰΪʲôȥأûǮţҪͭ壬ţЬֲʹҲûȥڿɲһˣͭˣ첻򼣬ֶܶ࣬ҪֵǮͶץ㣬֮ǰ޻Լ¶ûС

Ƕ˰ɣԼǮ߰ɣ
֥Լʮյ˺ɰٺ٣Լʽˣ

ɺëë˵Ǯ˲ŰԼ֥ͭǰƣ
֥Ǯȷ𣿡

㲻㡭
֥˶٣ǵĵԣ
Ҳа

̶ҺǺãҵǮõʱ̫鷳ҡ
˵˵е㲻˼ˣ֥ȴ˼ǮҸţԲ㻨ãǵԼõʱҲþˣǻᵣǮ

֥һӸ
Լã˵ðʮļܰţǹǧҿɲܡ

ǧģ
ԼΣȴ֥赭д˵ֻоԼĶ˿ˡ

һʮʮٰٶǧǧ򣬲Ǻ𣿡
֥Ȼ˵СŵĹâ

ȻҲԼĿ׬ôǮˡ

֥űͭǮд˸ֽдںͭǮδ˸ӡ
۽齻飬˿Ҫ˵ÿȡǮٺӡǮҲǡ

֥ĺԼСü꣬ȴд㣬˵ʲô˻ȥɩѾԼöչˣԼ򲻿ֵҪˡ

ڵÿպ͹֥˵ˣɵأ
֥С㵽ҪҪ

ҪǲҪ
֥ԥǲϲСûпȮ򰡣һץҧզ죿ǽؼׯĲ״ҪֻһԺСǺܶõġ

˼ȥӸĸף
˵أ

ϵ˼ǰҾҪֻСģŮͬ⣬˵ʲôϳʭӣֵҧˣչŮûǿŮԼȻ뷨˱仯µ
۴ＸҼҶҹԺǺҲܶԸȻҲûۼҵļ϶Ҫص𣿡

ȷʵҲǣ֥͵Ĺ²֪˶ˣ
ȥ̫үұһֻ

ȥɣֻġ

̫үȥˣֻ̫ڣϡ֥Ķ˵ĺǹԣָſڲһС̹
ֻɫãͷִֻԵģؼǻס

ϲֻ
֥˱ϵһֻСëģ봹ţСۣôȣ
ÿɰ

Ա߷˸İۣŮӶЩɶ۹⣡

ؼҾͿ˸³ԱһֻС̹ײײűȥСһһѣ
ֻģͿʼռˣ

ģǲǴȴȵģҽΣ
֥˸룬װ˵õĿˮһţС̹ȳ֥ܣȴǰһһСӵĽűߡ

ȣ̫˰ɣ
ֻºһ㶼˰

ҲܣұĹ˵㣡
ԺιӶһۣü˵˼˼˵ֲҲ֪ʸɶ

ҹϱͷŮķ䣬ι֥ûоܾĸ׵飬û̫Ĺҹܺںܺڣһ˯

ŴصĽ滹ľϣĿƵĺܣҡȸŮŷ磬һʱỹ˯ţͿʼྣ
ǮϷպӰɡ

ΪɶȻ

￿Ӻ˵ǰ;ɱ°ӣӹĸ˵պһط֣紾ӣѵõǺսҡ
ǰǡơǰʷķչҪܳʱ䣬˵غͱĲܴ

ѽǺ뷨ô򵥣Ǹȥ˶ӣܿͻᱻƭһУһȥǾͱˣΪūɡ

ûرģ
Ȼеģô֪رǸ

Ȩأ
㶼˵ȨˣԼϹĲΪôõģ

ҾеǾ֮ܡ

Ѿͷ㣬ұˣ
Цˣ˹Ůһӣ
ôˣ˯

ҵĵһĿǰᵽȥסڶĿȥϷҵ˴Ӻܽ·ǳ㡭
֥ΰ˯ˡ

ҹׯʮẺӷ飬ڴڵĲֵҹÿ϶ȫĽģֻ¶ֻ۾Ŀ棬治ʱȥ
ׯ·ܽ壬ڶһƽʱҲֵҹֻǽ˶ЩؼҴôβģڹٱץ֮ǰǶҪСˡ





20.     

Ӫ
ո³Ӫʥϵּ⡣

һӪѸ£ʱ
ա
ٵؼׯķ

ڴ棬ʻһž׸ŹٸĲſӵ˾ǣͬؼׯ
***
һҹߣ֥һǶ־һƣӭ̫۾

ݵİϴ򿪵ϻײõֻֽ֥һ֪ǲһȫĺֽõļֽóԲΣȡԲԲ֮⣬ԴѾһԣϸϸ̿ʹճһֻԧмһϲ֣չһԧ춥һĺ˫ϲȡԧ赺֮⣬Ȼ˶ԧжӰ

кŵļֽ٣ССϲִģλļױȻ١

֥ǳŬĿסԼü֣СüʹϾһСľͼˣʱ۵ĻԼ

ԺưˮŲ˵أ͵Ĳ˵غǻϲһܺϻڽţµĺֺüˣӸһһĽĻʵǽϵ˿Ҳ춼»
¼ժЩȥɣ̫ܽˣ

Ҫģط˭Ҳֲˣǲ
ˮͰϴ˵ĳϣѽҪԵӺ˿ϴɾϴ˵ˮõ˲˵Ҩưˮϴһ顣

ܸоۼҵĲ˳ˮ飬ϿԱҿջҴȥʣƹҿȥ̯򼦵Ѽ

µĺԱߣϴ˲˾ͿǼӶһᣬ
ɣûз⼸ʩ˷ʵȷʵһţҶӷʣҲ׳۹Ůã

ǿ϶ð㿾˸˳ԣܲ𣿡
ĵΪŮԼķأȫι˲ˣ˵ʲô׷ʣ϶ۣɲǲ۷

춼ĲˣϿɷŮǿ㲻²Ҫһӣ

ſţ֥Դ̽ţ
Ҫӣ
˵˻ݣû·أ

֪
϶һӲȥǽϹűõĴ⣬ϴιʱģ־ͷ˿Ҫò⡣

˿ɲͣͶ˲źóԣһ㶼ӳԣ˺˺ټӵ󽴰ԣɹ֥˵Ҳвͬ

гϸ˺󣬷ŵϡ
ģСɰﵹϵͣŽȥֱζ͡סǲѾͷǰЩ˻

̤ŲЬ֥ľˮϴ˰ָͷѴյԼűҧЬȴ˸ͷ
ǲ֪

֥˯ô
ͦõģＸʱҶû

Ǿͺã
ģԼŮǸĴģܹǸӣ¸ˣһҹ˯Ӧþûˡ

ҹ

ûУҸղȥھˮˣҹֵҹ˵ǹûмǻ˶ʱҲٳ񣡡

˵е֥ΪȻ¾е鷳ˣµ˶࣬µ˴λ 

㻹òˮˣ
ˮͰŮĳ˼

֥æԼˮ˲˵
ɣŵϴ·첻Ҫȥӱϴ·ˣҲû

Ů˵Ķԣӱֲӿɲ٣
һæſͰֳţҪˮ

˵㣬˵ˮǲ
ˮͰŵһۣϱԹһ䡣

æͰֲ
ͰˮˮףͰţֲʪЬ

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´дͷ㡣

ǹͷһⶼûҪɶ

ǺͷȿУ

ϵŮë׵ͷһۣѾͷƣ

Թ緹һͼһֽǽӵĵһʼֽĴӣȻֻŮ޼ױãСͼӶ࣬Ļôз᲻ҲأǸǴͷ

֥ҲææԼĲñҵΪԼıĲõĲñĺ˭֪ʵȴˣĿͻ̫ˣ

ţԡ

ɫʱϲɫĽոѾƻ˽ṹȾɫףոӽװȾϵĹȾе٣ÿȾö࣬ΪɫԵһ㣬Ҫʱ䣬ɼ㶼ûУֻĬ

㣡
ëë洫˽ָ֥ꡯһڼŪ˽ոɫһɾͷˣ

Ľո̳󣬹̧֥ͷͿ׵ͬҵۣ⼸嶼ˣһ˫зۼֱŴһ׸ˣ
壬ǰˣ
ŬסԼǣ¶˿ͬ飬
ҹ綼˰ɣ

ɱҪߵĻ͸˻ȥֶָָŮݺݵĵ
Ҳԩң

㣬㲻֪ÿ
ëëСһţ屧ƽ
ϱƨɶˣ̫ˣ

֥֪Ȼ̱ʹ䱩ɶԼ׶ӻûզ֣˸ҵ
զ£

ëëͼӴ׵˵ıԩ£׬ͭŵͷ£类Ͻʰϴ·ʱˣ˵͵Ǯߺߵ
У䲻ϣ

Ͳ˵׬ģ
֥

ܣ˵Լ׬Ǯ϶ͱˣ
ĸ֪֮ҧ

֥¶һɵӵ
أǮǱˣ㻹Ҫ͵Ǯ

ȴ
Ƕҵ˵˻ҵһ٣ҵǮˣӦǮԼܣ

֥˸Ĵָ
ǣ

أ
ëëˣ
ҵȥأ

֥˸Ĵָ
һǣ

Цĸ¸µģëëһС
㣬ɸ׬Ǯˣ׬Ǯɡ

ܸɶѽ
֥ķ˸ۣɻٵġ

1.2.3
֥ɹȾɫĽոѣԼŵλûˣСëëһһѹȾĽոѡ
***
Եһ¼ң̤Ժһ˳ȥôôຢӣĪߴˣ
үү
̧֥ͷſվˣϲĸ
үү

һٷˣ滹ٲҪ£֥ڰѾүүӭݣŵӵˮȴ˶ŵÿնԺļС˵
۴˹ٱǶؼҺúôţǧ𵽴ܡ

ù֥˵ˣԿɲֻʱԺվٱڵĴ˨˺üƥһׯ





21.  Ӧ   С¯

С¯Ļյģ֥ŸСȺȺȵŷ磬ȴתȦȦȵ죬ɶ˶ûУ
ҪɶӲ˺أ

үүλˣ׼˾͹ˣͼҪУүүүүûɱļ˭ˣܲܡ
֥û˵أϾһСˡ

ĸ׼ҴҵıӰ֥վĶ˶ţû˵أүүΪ¶ҿ϶ܷİ

֥һӿˮݣ̸۵ͣվſڳ׵ĸ׵
ˮˣ
˫ŲõԼǰӸˮ 

һɫ۵Ķ͸һţС֥֣
֥㵽үү

֥ͷקקԼе°ڣɵ˹ȥվүүһ࣬ϸ
үүʲôҪ𣿡

קµһǣͷԼ˷ܣΪүүλͬ鶼Ǿ׸ĹٲɸղԼˮȻӦλԼùٷɫѿĴȴĹ٣ֻǲ֪ĸŵġ

֥㻹ǵôƭ𣿡
תͷŮָмĻͰʵ
βµǸƭӵģ

ƭӣ
֥۾үү˳ָмǸⲻǣоԼĺеðŬһ£˵
ҵʱ֪ǸƭӣͳҾǾò׵үү˵ʱ鵱ƭ˵ģǼҶûӣǲգ

СǳԹɫ
λĶŶСѾͷ˫½ǽģеţͷ϶̶̵ͷһ¾ǳʭģûڣʹͷҲزסϵ飬ո鵽ԼʱǺ桢²񻹴һ㡭

˺Լǲﲻԣæɤӣ
ȿȣС㻹ֱûУ

ģ

֥û̧ͷ󷽵Ĵһɫ۵Ĵˣ 
һɫ룬ЦϺ𣿡

㣬𣿡
ƵԼĺ룬ӸУ

У
֥¶һ˿ãȻȴ纣˷ڣǰСҹڵ̯ɫɫдģƵģݵġڸ̯ҲձѵģôĴ֣ĽֵơԶˣ

֥æ˼ϵĻ񣬸׻ĺܴЦݺ㣬ȴݣЩҲ˰ɣŬӣ
ʱӳҸоǰһʹսЩ
˵̧ͷ¶ȻЦݣλ¶Ĺ΢Цû

֥֮ǾͲ⣬
ƴֺ仢ϵļ룬ǰӳԵֺֻ񣬿ĲզɻҵǶ࣬үүűʾˢֽ˻Ҳͺࡣ

к밡λ˶׽ؼ㣬ɫ۵Ĵ˽˽ԼյĻڣ 
˵Ҫȥվͭ壬ܾˣΪʲô

˵Ŀ湻ϸģɶʵģɶֳɰ
ﵽվԶģҵȽŲҪߺþãԼһ̯Ϻ£
֥ͷ½еΪԼĵСΪ顣

λ˵֮ɫ֪ʵĲˣĹ֥С 
ˣ֥ȥɣ

֥ĸ׻ûС¯Ա߷˻ʦֻһƭӣƭӾǡ
֥ԽԽ𾪣Ŭѹѹ࣬ôɰɣҪǱӺϵƭӣͼɶ̽ϢΪɱˣؼ˼Ǽ

ֱ˹ߺֿʼԼĲЬ֥Ż̨˸ľ赽˵ժˣҹܷһһڼҳԷ˼ҾʹӦأ

̽Ϣķӱ
λϵ۴ڹ֥ź
ȴҲƭ˵۾㿴վĹٱǸû룡

һλ´ָŻϵ˵
ϸ۴˵࣬ķǳܺõϵı뺷֮

¹ٻǾ֣ǼСģؼҴѪ
Ƕ԰˼ĵط

Ǵǲ֪ۣ
۴ڻһģ
ʹӴ֣ٻȥܴˣȫѲ䡣

һ⣬һӶսžߵĹͣе㲻֪룬
˾ˣǣ

Ϊ¶Ҫ£Ծơ
һԳϽ˾䣬ȻԷϱ̬⣬Լ˵˸ϱ

ǱλѾԺӣ֪⣬ûҶһͳ˴ţԻͷһһӻ֣СԺһڣԼһμеʱİѴɷŵԼĻЦţ
ܵܣĴԺ⵱˾˵Ҫչ
̧ͷ۱գ
㣬㿴𣿴ԺӻԽԽõģ

˾˵Ӱʧڴĸ첲 
ɣһɱֻ˵ɾ͹զ죿

öҪ˲ųԣⶼʲôֵ뷨ԼҪ˵ԼԵĻҪöӣ֥׸첲
ǲҳԷ

̧ͷͷһۣ
ˣǵġ

Ҫͼ͵ңӸˣ
۾һ
˵İ죡

ߣ֥һŤͷԼ䣬Ҫú롣

˸ղֱȥңʱţʹı׳Ѿˡ

磬Ұ緹ؼҺɷŮĸһȦĹүߦôŪһٷȺһӰ뱥ˡ

ܹʮλٲÿ˸ˣǴ˶˵óԣҽզģүүɳԾˣ˵û뵽һգ
һ˵ţʵû뵽˸Լ̫ľС

벻ѧóԵĲˣ
֥ûջ

ҧһڹԥһǵӺóǺóԣɷⰡ֪Ů˵ĸóԵĲˣ϶úܷһǽһĴӣǺѧ

Թ緹ûãٲ˾뿪ˣ뿪֮ûã˸о˴صҵԶԶ룬
˵𣿾Ӫɾ۴山żűӪˡ

̫ˣҰһһ磬²µȥˣ

ݵپǺð㿴¾ܿ

ˣǸССѣⱾ£

ССбȥҿ







22.  ɫ   ؼҴĴ

ؼҴĴڴվֳ֡Ľﲻʱɼֵ߶Ĳ죬ؼҴĴ񰤼ҰڽʣһŻ
ˣ
ʱεؼѵʱ˵һ顭

ؼҴһܸԣĴӣصĶһڣҼҶͣ˴뼯нÿ󼯼ͽ̯ӶǴģڱɱҴ󻧣ʵǸǴӱˣǵĸǸˣĽ͵ķ͵ĳɱȽֱͣӳ˾ǵгʼһҶͬҲԹ

ʱݵλǴ䣬˰ɼΪƶǾʹǵ֣
ˣǿǼҵĽͣǼҵġ

ؼͬһλֽ߰͵˰״뵱У׼İ״룬ܺܺõʾ͵ɫﶼԿһһǳõ¸ǳͷֳ֮֮
ȴǳɫĸһЩ

Ͼ¶Щ߷߲ƽ֮ɫ
ˣǿ⽴׬϶Ǯ˵ⲻǶǲ·𣿡

壬⻰ʧƫģֵܶѽΧⲻǶøֵ岮𣿡
ƤֱæȰš

λ߹ڵ͵ڵֱһ˫ǵ˫۳ƫĵŭ
˵ĺĲһ

̧֣æλûɫͬ˳ȥô˵ȥҪдֵ֮ͬˣ

俴ϵ뽴˳˼ɣɽͲͷţҲֻǸС֮ҰˣǽǮĿɶȥˣѵǣɻǲԣ

ˣ¹ٻˣ
ׯԹ緹λ˸ϵˡ

ǻ˳Ž͵ķӶȴ˵жˣ²ֲͨ

ΪӶǴɡ׵Ķֻо󱳵亹ʪ˼λĺ˹ֻص
شˣ¹ٲ²⣬Ҳ⽴ͷӵĹؼأ

֧ͷĿ˼۾˲о֣
˼ǣ

˵ǴԼҵ·
¶˻ɫԼҵĳ渵
ҵĸȾֽգ漮³һʱ˼ģȫֻʣӻӵ˶żҴ壬ڶżҴ尲仧֮󣬰ѵҪѷӴңװ飬ȾֽȤҽȾֽһͨϲǳʹҵͰմҽ㡭

ؼʧٵĸУȷʵֵܵĸףʮϣ֮ׯ

***
Ϊֻһƭӣʵʦȴ֥һ󰸣ʲôϵأֻһСũŮѣ˼ǶǸôԼԵˮɰ

ʲôĲñأŮ˵Ȥͺӵϲ֥Ժ뵽˰ڵ̯ʱԱɫĲñʱñʵǺķɹ 

ĺɫȾոϱ䵭˺ܶ࣬ո̫ɫˣģҲ쿴˻Ӿƣͣ쿴Щ 

ĽոһһһĺɫĽոѱӴ˳
ñ㰡
컨۸ɲˣҪȾɹñļ۸ѾˣǮ˿ûˡ

ֻɫ׺ñܣȦǲǺÿЩٱӴģɫͼ

Է
ƿų⺰һɤӣǱ߸ŮͿǽֳɵİˮ֥ϴ˰ֺ
ҳ塣
ӸҨһưˮŮСֳɾ
ˮưҰɣҲ壡

ϿŮǽ龢۲Ϊ緹ؼ򵥣һʣµĹûݶˣֱǰˣ
ϴ롢ιιǣȥˣ

˼䣬ԼΧȹ첽ˣ칫Ҫɫshaiӣ˳ɸӶ

֥ʱ䣬ĥˣöˣǱүүʼɫˣţˣ
ȥүүң

ȥɣ»Է
ͷλãҲеĽոѣɶأ

֪
Էǻؼҳˮأ֥ɲȥӣ

֥ԼС¨װϴˢɾСչޣЩڿ϶Էչ޵ˣҪȥүүҪҺõɫshaiҪǺڳɫԼȥɣԼƤԼգ֥ٺЦųš

֥լʱϺѾڴϿʼѹˣڴſ̽ͷ˿Ժӣ̫ɹģ̹Ȼûڣ͸ҲûӰɴأ

ŽżһСܵˢֽԺİѹʯͷӴܹӰԼҹŮѾͷɶ 

ļˢֽĺüڣһʱżȥݺ󣬰찲ˢֽ֥һԺӾͿμɫֽƮԺӡ

һǴɫİֽΪʡǮıֽҪˢɺֽҪٴףȻɫؼ˷ȾɫҲϼۣǸɲֹԼһˢֽġ

ֽ׾ǰѰ׷ŵˮﻯһŰֽˢһ׷ˮɺѹڶˢɫshai 
Ȼѵɣ˭ֵǮأôҲȳȥѿ׬Ķࡣ
֥һˢ׷İֽеӲˢɫͻǳ
Ǹ䰡

һɫֽͳɫֽڼ룬ǺֽĵǰѹĻ͹ˣˢĸɫƷӻıǮѹһꡣ

ʱˢֽķŴţˢֽֽĶæĺܣſڶɫshaiһľڸ裬֥˹ȥЦŻ
үүɫҺ𣿡

Ůĺϲ֪ɶģЦŵ
ˣҪ𣿡

֥ͷ̹ϵ
ɫҲҪ㡣

ˢ׻е㣬õɡ
˵Ա˸ư
ɫҸװù
ɫҨһư⻺͸ݾɫѾˡ

֥ǽԼС¨Сչ˳

ڼѵˢף׵Ⱦϼȸɬܲˢ˻ÿϧˢֽɫҲˬ⼸ֽҲǮʱ˵ĻͰűһգӶ˵ˮߣֶŮ֣
֥ѹù

Сչװɫ֥ĶȰյĺܺãչ޲Сø̹Ҳϣ԰װɫСչ޸ŮװС¨
ˣ·ܣ
ллүүö㿴
үүأ

С˯㣬ҲڶԱСϱĶӦÿˣʱôɼҵĻȥˡ

֥͵ȥ̿Լȴߵſھ˸ոȥţСëëëëʹԹ
㣬ȥˣҸղȥûڼң

ⲻǰţͻؼҼҰɡ
õģǳԹ
ëëŹ֥һܵģ־öӶˡ

ﷸֹѾͷɶʱģæﻹӰ
ɼҵģͻȥɣ

֣
˿ժΧȹߣˤ˹ŬѹѹͷĻ𣬹˰Ժﺰ
ˣ̧һ°ɣ

СѾˣϱСӳ
̧ʲô̧õװҺȥôȵ첻ֳַԾͻˣ

Ƶؿڣ޷ŵ뷨ѵһһϲϸھ𣿸οɩæ˰죬һ׵ﳤ˵ĿŵЩСƣȻԼռǸ






23.  ɫ   

һҾ𴲣ǸϼӣܱΣԼҽ˶ͱȥһˣȥʱ˵
·оӪפ¡ 

֥ǺС¯жӣһӲˮŻͷˣװˮȥȥּۿİյڵĲ˽ȥ˰Ѳ̧ͷʰĸ׵
ҲˣӲ˲óԣ˲˵綼ˣ

ɶ
㶹۰ɣӵ׼һݣְųԣ
У

㶹ܼ򵥣ǰĥʱ˳ĥһЩ㶹ۣȵżһۣܵԣҲԵˡ

㶹ۺʹ򽬺һ۶Ҫˮݿɰˮˣۺȥ裬ɫ͸ճȣոպã

㶹۷ŵˮͰֵӵϣһΪϳԣһݾװСŮˣ

˵ǲˣϿԺӻֽ˼ţԺǱǱİŰᶫҹһҹδ˯һԵ緹Ҫȥϼ 

һȵ·ݣ̫һϺ͸ĴվܼٱӰоһӭ˸ϼȺ

ͬ˵˴󼯱϶½½ţֺס
ɣ¼ҼһУڼǲʶżǿջƹģҴȥʡ

˿ˮˣǽժģƹһ۾Ϳˣֱӹ˳ָָ

ڼʱûԼĲжãɰѲ̧ʱԱѾĲγĶԱȣȵ죬ЩҲȣ˿Ӷе`ס

ǴһӣȻѣôۣһϣΧȹϲһѣֱӿһڣĵͷ
ԺĲֱ͹С

һ˳Ľˣߣָ֥ͷܶҩӵ
壬㿴Ǿҩ̣ٵʱٹ
ֱͷ۾ˣ

̫һȥϼͷ϶һñʽɫ޼ֻǽ죬ɫĲñмż˼Ĩɫ

ñͦÿģģ
Ǳݱ̯Ǹǡ

֥ͷ϶ǶñܵĲñͷϵɫñܣϵļСһŵģñСñҲСòͬɫĽոѱСԲ䣬Ǳ¿ɰ

տʼûˣǸհѲñҳΧġġɨ̯Χ˹ϼھӺ˼һĲñͦ£ӻʵãɲһˣȻߣ

һΧñ߿ҡͷԶΪǰñˢȾϣȴǽոȾɫӵոȾɫǿ

˶ˣ֥ɤ
λ岮̣ɫĲñɫԵᣬɫԵأɫԵ㸻󡭡

СѾͷñǮ
ʮģ
ôôࣿ
һļǮһݻȾɫĲȴײ֪𣿡
֥Сոյľ

͸ˣɫ߲ñҪǮȻƻгԼʮǮЩñ׬զ죿ֽոѴӴɹҪóһոѱɱٱɲñ˶˹ʮǮѾѹˡ

Ů濴̯Ǯʡ˶˳ñˣһ˫۾̯ǰΧ£Ⱥ

ֻʵ˶࣬Ǯ٣ǮͶɫߣڽƽϹӵ˵Ҫһġ

ˣ̯ϵ˿ʼɢȥʱĲĹ˿͡

һλͷñɽһɫñܵñת˺üȦСѾͷ˵ʵ
ɫshai𣡡

Ҫ˵һ㲻ɫǿ϶ܣ͸鲼·ɣ
֥ͷקһɫĽոѱӣ泱ģȻǽˮģ
ү

λүȻǸмңӷȥ˼飬˵ķɫȾ֪һ⼫ˣȫ̯֣
գ

Ͷλˣվ߹
λ磬Сܵա

ղ
ɽ׵
ոѱ𣿡

ģһһǮ
Ǯ治ͰɽĬ㣬һñ߽߳һӾģñʮģԣʮģ̯ʮļۣ

ԼҪ˿ɲǱñļѾһ룬ñûɶˣгֻǵ⼯䣬Լˡ

ܿ𣿡


һ粽̯Ӻ棬æݸһְһص

ͳոѱӰϣ
Ҫʲôɫģ

ɽºȴһۣȻ˼ҳ
СֵøŮôˣ

Ծִٵ
СҵܵܣСѾͷҳŮ

ˣɽ̧ԼĺӣȥЩ΢Σ
Ƕ޼ҴģСֵĴģ

æ֣
磡ǱҴģڼϴ󡣡

ֵܣڼҳЬñɶģȾɫĽոͦϲ򼸸ȥԣǺĻĶ˼ǮٱЩ𣿻оýոѻѲݵȾɫ𣿡


û뵽һôǱڿͻһʱϲӲ֪νˡ

Ȼˣ
֥˽һԱվŵ
С壬㿴ŵ棡

վͰ͵Ӧˣ˸߿ţŶǱڴͻЦе
үɫıӻȾոѣ۸۶϶˫𣿡

ԭһӵ۶ŮˣԼҵСӣ۾һ
Ѿͷ㼸ˣ

֥˸飬Сᣬ
үŮӵ䶼ܣǲģ

СקֵİѺӶһ˻۵ͣѾͷǳ˰˸۰ɣ
úã߲ߣҽӿ԰ɡ

ǵȻԣүҪĶ࣬ҵһġ

ɫһҪߡ
֥ûס˸ۣôҪô㣿ſͻϵ۵ԭҧ΢Ц
үҪոʮģ

ζĿҧѾͷһۣͬЦۣ
ˣг֮⣬ϣԺĳþá

һһ߸ãÿ˰ߣӹ˾ͭսǮͭײöһѾɺüˡ

ôǵһθϼоһµԼǰչͷˣˣ
磬뵽תת

ϵ·𣿿ɱ߶ˣ

ҲԶ̯ܿӵΧת

С壬£
֥סָָѵȺ
ŵû˵ؼҴ尸ӵġ

ף
ĵͷ

ǵǹ֥ߵһ仰ʼŴЩļ۸ȺּۻۣԼĸһ쵽ڴӣԺָ硭





24.     

ŴĲñϴſ鲼ȹ֥ȴöͷģе㽹ǣõ߰Ĳñʱϼָ̯λãϵΣﶼЩڰ̯֮λˣԼûվûѵĸţ

ϵĲñָֻ֥۵ͷŽոѱӵĸף
Ҳȥתת

Ľոѣ̧ͷһ
ԶˣСйӣ

֥һһİÿ̯Ӷ̽ͷϲϼ˶ֲ˵˽µг顢ƣǾ⽼ɿôﲻĺ⴦ܿ

Žոѱӣʱ̧ͷĴһۣѾܵ˴һǱԣŮĵˡ΢΢ΪŮС˼

ĿλԽԽ֥ߵĺһĶңߵģ֯õİ鲼ģҲӵģſɢζߵĸˣ
ֽɣׯģüһǲ֪
Աߵ˽ﴫ˶䣬
˵ǸӲģһͿԼֳ˸ȳӣֻһŮҪˣ˭ҳ׸ҵļֽ
֥оԼȭͷӲˣͷǼһ٣ЩֱɵĸĶ˻ø׸ѿ

ҸղȥǱ߿һۣǴûǼ°ɣ
֥˸ɣװ˵ֲɵӣƵģοŮ
пܣҲз˼ֽȥҲһ

пܣ
֥ʼ磬ԼеĶӣ
۳ԷɣҶˣ
ԼС¨Ĵõ¨װĸ׸׼õĳʳ

ͷɹĺܣԱ߼̯Ӷ˿鲼ڵһԼһ׵ģ֥´ûУвﰵ̾˿ָָ֥Զһ
ȥǱ³԰ɣ
У߰ɣ

Ƭֱ˺ü鲼ӣ֧˺üʳ̯ӣ۵ģ̶ģģȵ죬󶼰ĳʳܶ˶Լ˱ӣһ߷ۣٷͳԵĶӺ

չ㶹̵֥һ߰ѷ㶹۸ϸùζûɶ仯Եһɤӣ˺ܿűӴڵĳ

֥ղ˵ؼҵİӣΧӹٱ˵ĻʹˣΧﶼ˵ûвɽģвѾӻȥġ

˵˶ûУ 

֪˵ģ˵ģ˵ʮģ

˵վˣǿջģʮǿ϶ؼҴ˵ġ
֥²

Ҳ˵ˣǶؼҴ˵ģǴ˵ҹʲôӰ´£ǽƽأ˵б۵ġ
˵ƲƲ죬ʵ˵һ㶼ûй֥ľʣղŲûסҲ¡

ܶģ˶ʳסиͲأץˣ
֥ĵؼҴ徹Ȼ˵㶯ļٵģ

ţҲҲܶ࣬ǻɽ𣿡
Ҳûס˰ԵĶ顣

Ϊɶɽϣ⼾ɽ϶Ұôࡣ
֥ɺ

⹫ֻɽĻЩ

Ҳɣ
֥ÿɷ񣬱ϾԼûһжϹ¶ѡ

극ص̯ϣ˵ǮӣҲٶģС׶ˣּҾ͸Сף඼ǳģͲԣһŮñº˸ձ¨
֥⿴̯ӣȥ㵾ӡΰͣȥûͷ

ͷҪһţ˾ͱҪˣ
ġ

磬Һһȥ
æϣҪ԰űһЩ

壬Ѳɺ˳ˣҩƹ˵ʲôҵš

һæԼС¨ϸˡ


ֻ̯֥һˣʼ£̯ӣһʱ⼯ͿʼɢˣΧ̯Ӷʰˣ
Ѿͷ⻹ʣü㻻ñ𣿡

̧֥ͷԼ̯ӵĴ
ϲĸԼɡ
ҼѾͷҪɫġ

ѾͷǱߣһȥҼŮһñ
ϼɢĲˣĲſʼ˦أ

ӵĹ΢΢ųı¨Ķ١

֥ŵӵȸ׻ųĬĬİź˫ϲϯӾ¼ˣȥٿ˵ضЩˣЩոѱӣҲ

֥Īĸоߵĵѹ̾˿Ǯ׬ǵİ취

һ·ߣͿϪڽ飬ֵ˸ļˡ

ʱµҪ֯ԭϣ⿿ҰĸãոҲ鷳ũռׯڵأǾΧĻĵӣˡ

֥֪ʱ˰ջ˶˰ÿ˶˰͵ñȥƥ鲼⻹ǵʵۼٸ˰Ľᵽֳɵģ̨֯ûУɼϾͲǸ֯ģǽ겻һּˣǾԲٸڽ˰ġ

ɣҼòˣҪþԼȥ
ؼʱһ죬⻹ϱģϴĻ뵽Щ

лл壬Ҹȥ
ûоܾԼһǮ޲뻨ǲǮȥ鲼ģ֯ȻԼᣬɻἨɴóɴȥͿԻƥĲϳ

ֿʼ˴ɽ飬ɽµûƳԺֱƤһ˳űɽ

⹦ܶ༸ñֵǮ
֥ɹżϸϸ˿Թ˿ɹ˻ҪһĽ̫ˣ

ֻͷӼ߲˵ʵڵҲˣȻҲ͸ͲȥˣҧҲøˣ

¹ȥˣʱ֣ׯָе˴صפĴӪεض𣬴ؾˣԶȥ۷׷ףϢ˵ѾץΣһѣ

ץģ
˵Ҳ죬ǾȻ˾ǽһׯϣǼׯӵʳģгкȲ˵ׯ͡

ôֵģ

Ҳǻ쿴ۣǼȥׯϵʳǸϵڵ̹ŰʳӾͲɫͷ˹ٰԼׯӸΧˣ





25.     ׯ

ׯλúܲ߿ӣڵƽ̹ɸǷؾ̫ˣԼҼҸǷѵػΣʯӱ߶ѣׯ˺ͬȽ⣬ݵؾͺܶࡣ

ʱеյܸʱ䣬Ա߻ճһأݵﶼ˸Ƿʱڳʯ飬⼸Ŷֳʯְż˳Ƶӱ˺õæ죬ʰ˵ء

ھϱŸ·ſڣͿǽٵأ
ɩӣǲ˲ԣ
˽ż⿴ԺҵԺû᷿ǽһƬ͵ģ˲ٰ

ֱͷЪ
ҵģҼҵֲǲ֪˵ԺЩ˶첻ˣҪЩµĽӲԡ

˵ŻԺͰˮǸ﷢͵Ķû͵Ķͱ֥ȥͷˮˣʱǳ׵Ķð赽ʵء

ҵһɹֵֹζоθһᣬæűӿ첽ˣ֥Ժ˳ÿǷĵӣ
ǲˣ

⺢ûŵģ
ָͷŮһ£
˵զ
ϱſһ˶ӻûŵ治˵ɶ߶ˣ֪ء

ʲôʲôҾ͸˶ǽǾվ˼ǽ˵Ժɶˣ˵С˵ЩǺġ

ѷ͹Ķ赽е㲻ģ
ˮ𣿡

˳ķʷʵģ
֥ĵ

ʰˣʲôȴԥ
ֵ㳤ɣԲɹɻ̲ˣԣ
֥ᶹˮֻ̫ûˣٺ١

У
ϵͷгмܲӣܲǰ֣ڶӿȼԣְײˣؿ˾͹ˣ

ǰ¹ȥʳдڿʼνڵʱԺܳͬڹսһ⳵ϳԶͺ
磡

ܣ
ϲˣеǰ˩⳵
ܿ

ҲˣҪߺöң
ҵ˵ǲǱŽݺ˱ˮɤӣͳһӣԼҲûЩģֱӵ
ҵˣȥԾƣ

ǼҲûܼҹµģֵֻԼˣϴ󣬸ϼҸһ·ӣ˵
һҪ̷ӣʱһ
ǳһˣ»ҪضżҴ壬Լ˼ңܵܵ˼ңʮǵѾܶˡ

Ÿֱ͵˴ڣֱ⳵Զȥĳӵļ򣬸˵ŵ
ɣ׼պҽ¿һ

õĵ

ޣһ£
һԴȻһҪ£
ɣǾӻƹҪʲôֽĲӣ˵пҪѡõļֽȥ׼һһϡ

Ǹ˶ûüֽС˳λүȻҪֻڲֽ
Ǽֲֽ࣬Ҳˣ

Щ飬ɿ֪Լ͵Ķɵļֽˣĳ
ƹһֱۼֽܾ̫ðɣλ˻ָҪļֽ

ðɣһȥ׼һ¡
ɺĻص

⼸»ģ˳ȥ
һΰ»Ǯ׬Щ

֪˵
β֪ǺüĸԼ׶ԼļֽôأأƹҲñأϸƳ»ȻûƹĻҪԼļֻֽԼǸ˼ӣò˶־͸ѧȥˣ

һؼҾͱŮݣ۾ɵԲ˷ܵʵ
үүɶˣ

£Ʒ
Һøղȥլ·ϣ˽ʼĩ˴ץ׼ײߣܵôʶӽ˺Ӱ˸Ҫˡ

ȻƷϺϲӯӯĵ
һ

䣬СҶԽԽȫˣĸ׵λǰһ㣬ڵ߶˺ܾá

ҹֿ֥ʼʷ
ʥɶ
ղ񡭡
տټϤγֵĶЩ֥Ĭʷ
ֽǡܡ𣿡
ţǰʮ꣬һͳ¡

ڣӢʷƫ
֥ﷺֹ
˵Ӻûй˳𣿡

ǰʮһֱǻϵĻʥϺӣ٣үүιͿɲС
˻̾

֥ۣ׾Ȼ·𿴶Ůɻ˵Լ˾˵İԣ
үүǸԣСʱǽǹٳĹ£˵ԼҪǵΣĶҲ֪һЩŵ

ۣ
֥ûסЦ˳ǰֳһжһСԵǰԼıе𻵾үүԼеĸߴ󣬿Īľͺʵ

֥ͷд֣ʱ̧ͷһ۸ףڼֽϻͼүү˵ҪǺ
զ㲻ˣ

ĪϹ˵ҽأ

㿴üͷԼ֪ÿ㷢ʱﶼˡ
ָָ֥׵üġ


æʳָͷ
ҸղŸүүɶأүү˵׼Ҳְܿɡ

Ҫ˵⣬˵ɶİ
֥ϡ˵û˵û֮˳ģ
ҿ˵Щ֮ͻǺеġ

˭֪Ůʲô⡢Ϸֱҡͷ
ҲửЩҾͻửЩޡ㡢ɻɶġ

⻹ǣܻܲȥɣ֥Ҳüͷи׼óģڡˣܺʱóϱѧߵӻ

Ұ׼ɣҪȥҹ̼һˣ֪үүڲڼҡ

һ㶼ڼңлҲȥ˳ߴؼҪȥүүţ
ȥԼùüңûɶģ¾͵ͷӦˣ˵ԼԺҲþûùˣҪһȥһˣ

ڶһ磬ֻûžͿӼŮ
Ҫȥģ
ȥ˹ùüң֥ˣ˳ȥҲþûùˣ

֥ڹ̼סһСüҹδߣ꣬ȴ˵Ļڶ۾ģͬ۵ĻľŴĥõȹǣ
֥Σ
˵͸ԵĺľԼղص̴ľʱ
Ͳ̴ľȹûĴֲڣ⻬ϸȣүү治

Ŵȹǣʮǹ֥ϲĳߴ硣
ȹѳɣǴۺȶؼ㣬һľǺɵĻȶѡѡȥͬɫ̴ľֽ֥Ⱥһװȥչ140㣬ָʣȶĳҲˡ

ȹǣȥľʱ䣬ɵĺ˷ܣԴѾȹᵽ̻֥ͰЩ˶ϲȹǿҲ򵥣Թ֥˵пվȹʹӦˣⶫĲľϣǷѹ

СֽֽĸоϲѾ꣬ŮǸֲڵƷȡһƯĻܿ챻úˣˢˮĴֽģ߱ŻһۣȻεճȹϣֱ⣬ҹѾˡ

ڶһ磬֥ͿϰںõѿհȣˢָУ˳

һ滭ͼдһϲʫ䣬ǩ־ͺˣ
հ׵ͳ

⼸ϻ
óճ棬֣

ϷҶͼ㻭ĺܷջζ
ʫɴдһˮʡɣ

ɣ
ûɶԥģһдʫ
ֺֻĻе

̫ɣ
֥е㲻ˣ

ľʫ𣿡
֥ҡͷûϸһ
ҪţþүүԼд

˾˵ȷǺܺõģⲻ
ҾͻϷҶͼˣ
ǰ֣ǰëպɫһӶͣˡǫ֣óʯ̵ӡ£պӡȵĸ½ǡ

ˮļƣ֥ûϸ
Ǿүүȡ𣿡

ǰ
ڽ͵ 
ҳС׸ȡɾ˾ȴ˵ȡĲãǫҼ֮ʱȡǫ

үүã
үү˼֥λԴܾ룬ָԱһȹǣ
Ҫһ

Ǹҷӻͦ˼ġ





26.     ˴ץ

˴ץӺ̽˵ǶԵҲ˵ץס˻ᣬһ뵽Щ˶ԼʳѰ󵨵׼ײߣαסЩ°Ůӵץ˵յȻ˵ɣʵȴǷǳգׯӵλƫƫʱȥȵȣڴ˰˻ϣŶϣ˾ץؼҴŮҲ˳

ǸƵģ÷͹֥ؼȥ¿Ͷˡ

¿ţһʱ䵽˾ǣԼϲɫ˻ϻ˵ͣ
㲻֪Ǹһ͵£һģһֱΩΩФֱ񼼡Ļֳٰ

Ĳ̫þ
ⶼǾ˾˽ҵġ

ɱɱڴǰǧô˵һһҿզ죿
Կɲû֣ԼûŴ

͵ȶԷǳϲʱµ֮Ҷ籾棬ֱƬ棬ֽ飬ܺȵĳߴûоУˢչֱǼ㻭ʻ鶯Ҷţȳķ·𶼴ЩˮԿİָ֣һȻ
⴦׻˾ʫ֡
ҲǺӦŮ˵Ĳ˵Լֲɣ

ˣˣ
ֻҪ֮Ժ㣬ԺֻҪ⻭Ŷԣ

˾˵ǣԺÿ춼ҪдһŴ֡

Ȼܲμӿƾ٣ɶûлʥ˵ǻۣ˵ĴУҸ׼˼飬λȥϡ
˵˻ӻҲ½½ˡ

ԵȵҲûдڶϱ̴ľȥ˴µֵһǼλһͬ참Ĵദµžͺ˳˳ˮ֮ͬദ죬ⲻһϵȱλйԴȥշתȾͲӰˡ
ԴǸ٣һ򿪾ͱķסˣҰȤһףǶŴ˲ŷ벻ɣλ˽ã黭裬ҡѰˣ
ˣ㿴⴦ʲôʫΪã
Ӳĥһ¡

ףǡȣ
˳


һ鵽Һ󣬰ѱ¨䣬Ůһϻӽ䣬ϿŮ棬
ôˣ

ٸ͵ӣ˾˰ģպá
ѹ
µ֪Ī˵©죬֥СҲĪ֪

ȻȺ£ϽӹϻӣһССӣʮǾʮһһʱϲĲ֪ôźãôӣ

֥Ŀأױ˸ϻӽ䣬Ͳµװӣǲ֪ʮʮһʱһʮʮֵϻװױǾ²ǰһӵһʯӣһʯԼٽ

ϻӸԼͿ䣬ŮżһͿŮǰЦüģ
ôϲ𣿡

ϲӣ
֥źղŷﾹȻСҪʱ˳
Ҫѧ

ϵʲô𣿡

˵ⱾֵصģⱾ˵ģҶѧ

ÿҸ㽲һƪ
ã

֥Ȼֹٸ;ˣûһܸɵģСǮ
֪ٸķķ߸Ľʹ𣿡
˵ʹͣҲаӵģ
֥°ͿʼĥˣҪ˵ʱǻũܻʵ۵ĹİʼÿѼũ߰ĥ

ҹϿɷ
ɣذɣ

ļ
ʲô۶ȵ˵۸շּң̫ۣ˵صĻĵҪ˰Ҳ˶٣οҲֲôء

ѵӸ
ϲ
Ҹģⶫضòأһǿɿˣ

ھСԺӡ
˼ȥǾ˵Ǯ׬

һǾеز̤ʵ

ǲأʲôҪúãǾһСԺȥÿ¶мǮ˵ΧﶼڹҲֲǣȥء

ǾǵСԺҪӣ

ҴˣСһԺӶҪңǾ˾˵ʱЩԺӣ˷˻ӣҵϢ

ææȥһĿ죬ׯڸŬĳ

Ĵ󶹻ر׳ʵԱߵׯγĶԱȣһ翸ųͷȥԶͿԼҵͷվ˲ˣŵӿ˽Ųֱ˸׵Ӱ
զˣ

Щҵ￴ׯڳʵ
ζ˵ԭΪɸշּûɶʣҪˣ˭֪ȴʵҲ֪ȥķࡣ

Ҽҵز࣬źϸЩ
˵ܿһɢȴվڵͷ˺һ
ɣҲ۹ŮŪϺ˲ð

ϷʳǱ۱ߣĪʵã

أڻҿ϶ܲõʳջؼöԺ֪

ۼҵӹӶҪˣҪҪ׷ʣ

ҪģۿɾָĶصʳأ

ҵԺƮһŵζϴʯ˲һ룬θɴ඼˳װոȸ˵׷˷ʣȥˮ͹׷ʣ˵ֱϾУȴҪЩ¡

ǰͷһŮƺõĻʣװѻưɫ˹ȥӱˮһͰͰˮ˹Ÿ

㿴˼źׯڣҪҲʩʽˮ϶Ҳĺã
ǶĶأҪˣ
ҪһĶضһĵҲط⹦򡣡
ҵľ鿴ҵʳҪʮʮ

ҵĵͷȽʵ˺ܶ࣬ȥȥÿͷפۿׯڶ룬˹ԣµʳһ㶼ϵõɶϣ

ҵׯڱȱյԺĲ԰˳ջԶɣҼҵĵضǴֵģҲջ񣬺üСӵÿվͶܵæ
磬Ǹо⼸ĶʳĲˣʱʳ˶ܸܲ˵һ

ɶ˵ģÿʳҶụȽԼҵĲҪ࿴ӣ˭Ӻ´ξͶŻأ

֣ǲߣҲǻʣ
⻰һ˵Ұæĸˡ

ׯûмҼֵӣǼҼҶ˹ӣϵˤӵġ顱ֻȴһǡͻͻͻ





27.  ı   ȴ˵

ȴ˵֥˸ĽũߵͷȰĿ磬źԼһûǹְ۾˵ʼĥ

ľҪĽֶˣȻôϻ۵ĹŮ˵ֻĸ򵾹̫࣬ľͰһҡӴ򵾹ȣ뷨ɲɣֻһ˴ȽкãֻԺҡҡܳ
үү㿴ܲ
֥һϸԲľǴֵĹͲϣȻҡҡĴȻˡ

ʱׯĳ֥һľͰԱɵҡŰ֣ľͰм䵣һִֵĹͲת£ͲϵľŹϵĹͻͻͻ˹ľͰȹаͰ󣬾ʹĿͳСȻСɣǳʺССá

ľܻˣׯһ;ҺʹֶӼһһ
ҵĴȻܿͱҪõĸ϶ˡ

ľŴȻˣЩȻǮ־ǸǮҲ࣬һͻĶ׸ٸ콱أ

һھľȻԼ·ӣй棬Ҳиеŵĺϱٶȷǳ죬û죬ϲ̵ׯһƥҡ

ԺǴ󶹺ͻġžڶſţ͹÷ˣϵĶȥ
Сӳ⣬÷򶼸һȻˣզҪʹͣ÷ûȥ

Ҹ֥ģȻĹҺһһ룬û뷨ⱲӶȻġ
ľһƬ֮ɫ

үүǮ治Ҫ
֥Ҳ˽ƴǵ

ž
ľӣǶ֨˲ŵ
ҼȻǾˣҪǸͻҾͷˣҪȥԷҲ׼ҵķҳֱӻؼˣ
˵ľվֿ첽˴ɼңǣ¿ȥӼҳԷԼ˸Ȼٷ롣

ٺ١
֥ϻӣŸ¶ɵЦ
һûأ
ľƥʮ֥һ룬ǹ˼

͢ũһӣȻȷʵǺöּھռڣʹĺܿ졣
ֻǻлȴû˵÷ߵ·ЩҲͦڵģʹһ붼ǵȥɡ

˵ʹƣׯڵĲʵʵˡ

ܿҵĹӵӸ˼ңûѿǵĹӺ͵ӸǾİٽңҪﵽףοµһȥȥ˰һڵĿܽӵˣ

ʡ϶ȴе㲻ţÿ춼ŵģϰݵŴصĽģԺɹŻƶͻǸ˰ժ죬ЩӳȴľƣջͦԵԣھȻеᷳžͳ

緹͸оƤˣǿ˸뱥ͷ꣬
ɣЩɻ


ĵϸϱɫһĶͷûգ
ۺˣţׯڶջˣһʰ

ݡ
֥ĵվĸ׵һܺãզͻȻʲôԲɣ

òã
ϰŮϣ
ҾеһëûУ˯һͺˡ

һ˯ɽ˳ι˼ڴʹ͵Ĳ׼£ƥɫˣĸסšţĸÿһѣͶõĳ֣ʵַˡ

ȵڶ峿ŶԼ޷ӦӣÿŮţ
֥࣬ȥ¿ȥС

ȵ磬֥Ժ￴ŸСĵĲĸ׽ţüۼϲ˵Ĳã֥͵ı
ǲСܵˣ

˵⺢ӣ˭Щģ
ϵһָŮչСԴˣ⺢զûв֪ģ

˼ţӾ͸ţĸ׺ø˹˵˺ܾõĻС̳İ˹֥Ĵͷϣչ˽㣬ǰµ̥һҪˡ

ǸĹҲԼˣժƶÿɵģϱ˶ţֻ׼ЩȥĻһ̥Ӧе󣬲˯졭
***
ǴƷƽһƬɵȴǰӿͳһϷʱ䣬ĲڴƺԱʮҲڻԭ˵ǴΡ

һ۵СԺһò毺õŮӰѱڻŮӽ˹ȥƵǰϸ紺еָ˷䣬˫ֶ˲
ֳò裡
òʣͦΣеĲյ˱Ǽ⣬һἴ΢΢ͷ
ò裡

ֳ˴νҪ೤ʱ䣿


ᵭ
Ŵ˿˵ʱ

δ

ֹ̫̫

δ

˲֮ɫ
㲻˵Ÿζûʹ

ŮӺÿüͷ΢򭣬Ҳ֣ҵģһĸ֪Ǵ˾ǽӻؼң̫̫ȴ
ǲǸͲŴңϾ÷һֱǸƣ

ǷЦ
ôܣǲߵɣ
Ĳ豭ضϣ 
û뵽ộء

ڹӼ飬ڼҶ顣

ӳκ󣬿ױݣ
ҵҪ֮ŮܲܽżҵĴţ

Ůһ
ֳٵȵȣ˴ӦӾͽҽš

Ҫȵʱ
ȴͷ
СԺδ̽ϢŴǷӲ̸񣿡
˵ŴŹȳǵʥϵĵ̶̽ʮʱӺԺΪƷԺѧʿÿհʥگ飬ܵʥΡ

Ǵ˶Ҳ
Ů¶һ˿̣òרѧֺ˵Ĺһ֮ȴǺ޲δʱΪİ֮˸Ըһң֪ʶȤܵŴ˵ϧʵұȽŵҪĶࡣ

֪
ӴĻ
һĸͬҲգֻ̽ϢɣĽ
Ÿô桭

չ󣬽ĸׯλھϷ̶Ӵ󶼻·˴֮ǰǻվ٣еĻжһ죬׬Ǯһ¾ǵ顣

쵽ˣ·ϣ֥ԼˣҪú׼һ

ϣصĻĶˣϷ޻ˣǼ۸е󣬱ëձë̺Ҳг

ٽ磬һ̶ӣͣ·ߣܿߺ
ëձඣֺůëձ
ëඣְֳ׵ë





28.  ˣVʼ   ԡ

, Ҽʵϣ
֥İݸǰĸԷ, ɨѲ֣
Ҽҽĸܸ߲㿴ӶʵɨɨĿɸɾˣ

˵˵ 
Ǯ

ʮģ

̫ˣ
ϸһ飬ȷʵͦģеˣ۾һȦ, 
СҴһ

ﰥСǮһ, Ҫټġ

ˣͶʮġ
˶ʮ֥ͭһ, һһСˣ

֥Ǯݸףûȿˮ, ԶԶߺ, Ȼëģ
Ͳȵʯͷң·ϵһ, Ǳ̶ӡ

ȥë

Ů´ϾѲϯ
ȥûëձ, ǮһţǴҲ̸ˡ

⼸¼ƾųɫѾһЩ, ÿһģͷԣͰһ³ԵĴģȥ, ¼ʱΧһȥԶɱɱۣ

֥Һһȥ
ѿձ¨ϣǣЩ˰Ѻӹˡ

һϼΪ޲޻ղȥתһȦе޻ܹ󣬺ͽһ»ٹЩӵߵ޻򲻳١ 

ϵӶǰһǾϼ̶ӣ϶֧ͼӣƤëձԶʵһζ

ֵͦ࣬Ǯȴ٣ԭ˶˿顢رӰëܸоǴֱ֮ﲢϡ

ǴҪҲûĻɻëձëƤ⼸
û𣿡
ûʱɲſʼϣ
ǰ׳˶ĺ˵ŵĹٻĽϵĻ
ȿëձëɣǽġ

ëձǮһţ

ëձкü֣
ˬİѼëձ򿪣
ʮġʮġһģѡ

ǰΧ֥ͦ࣬ߣֱߵмֻڷһ򿪵ëǰվӶŷĵĽܣ
һϸëȥů

ļͬëձ򿪵֥ߣëëЩ
ëô

ʮһ
ͷûصĻص

һë֪ܷĶëߣ֥û̫Ҫëëˣ
壬ûë𣿡

ëߣ
λһɻڰСѾͷһۣ۶Сۺ͵ԴͷӼ˸ӣ
˵ë𣿡

ɹֵģ֥еɵۣ
ûϸģ

УûǲǶëûʵ
⺺ӻͦʵϡ

ðɣ֥εĵͷ˷ë
壬ҪӵëҪ

֣
ǺӺˬӦ
ҸӸ߸ߵģǲԭĺӴӲƭӣ

ģ͹֥ദʱ䲻ֻ࣬⼸˵Ƣû뵽Ѿͷ˵Ҳûֻӱ¨˸׼޻ģڰëʡ

Ӱǰᣬ֥ĴһۣһֻԼϵĺëըͷƤ찡ëձмʲô

֥ǺܵССһˣоԼҪԭرըˣȻ֣Լǰëձס¶ķָ⡭

ëҪԼĲŷģΧȵļҲԹӺܸȤëôһأ

Ѱӽ¨֥ǰ棬ֽճȭͷ΢΢Ų۾ȴѰš

ԭԴؼҴҰ󣬾ļж͢ۼǴεԼ̯ǰ·ĹٱΧƣǰѹٷһƽ̽ˡ

֥ϵǸװϳɵģҲ֪ûԼھļֽÿ֥ܻЦһȥǾүҲܺɫʱľүµĲ̯ǰˮء

֥ԽԽ죬ٽǰʼСλã
ડ
һˤλүĵǰ

ǾүϤСѾͷ·ƯĲͺܾһͼѾͷ˸Ͷأ
æЦǰһȥȤ
Ҳд˴񣡡

ֻСѾͷС˵Ļȴ΢΢һͷѾͷһۣ
棿
֥ĵͷ

ںͿ֥ıզˤˣæ첽ܹ
֥û°ɡ
˵껹̧ͷСһۣǲ˰ѺӰˣ

֣ʼ磬治Լ¿ɹ˲ö˵СѾͷûĻԼȥˡ

С̣û£ǻȥɡ
㡭
εĺţˤһӶԡ

֣»ͷԼͬǰɢûʱɢƽĹٱΧǼǰ

֣ԼĽƣ
ǵ·أ

ǽ˾ƣֱƵɫһݣ
үԵȣ
֮ͷܵ£ǱŵһȦ˶̶ӵģһλ΢ְССܹ϶Цͷ
ү۽һ˵

֣һ̧־ܾ飬Ӳĵ
·Ҫȥ

Ӵӻͳһֽٴ򿪣
ǵ·ǽųľ׼ھΧϼ˦˦û

ɫλү̧һɷף
үҽͣ

ˢ
֣³ϵĿ浶һָ
£

ɱ
Χ۵Ⱥɢӡ

ɶˣȥ
ǱߵӣԶܣǿֲ´

˵̶Ӻ͹ٱˣȥæ
еӴԼ̯ϵıⵣӳ˹ȥڵĺܱ뺷

֥ϿԼ˫ֿЦȻԽԽ⺦¶ӳˣ

ôǣ
֪
СӿżߵȺһͷˮ

Ǻ˵ӿ°˻ҵϼ
Һñˣ֪ļСӣÿ֪ܾܲȻ

֥סˣ
ȥ
Լȥȵ˳ɶԺ˵ûָ顣

ȥ㡣
æ첽׷ȥ

ȵȡ
һûסĴԼȣ

ǳһδĸȥ㣬ֻ̰Լһһʹ²֪ˡ

ܵĿϰɢ˿

˱˳˾ӻȺģһϢȻ 
ȥ

ʹ
תӳһоҪȴᶯ˷ֺ

ˣ
еͲͷϵĺԱ߻ľүϲĺ

֥ȥ˭Ѹټ˳ȥͷоܲˬǱȵСӻȻϴԼײĳСӣ 

Ǳ߱ȺΧŵʮλ˽û˷֮һһ

֣˵ĸ첲ߵĹ֥æ׷ȥ
СѾͷ֪ȵ˭𣿡

֪
֮˰ɣ֥ҡͷ֪ȴָ仹ڵѪ
ף壬ˣ

֣²ںĻλθ첲
ղ˶ңûһ£¡

⻹ѪҰһ°ɡ
֥Աߵĳ֣
С̣ñӸҡ

ԵİԼññǺһ֣֥ģϲˣȴ֥ùȥİѺһѲ۵һ£

֥ѲñӸС̣ſĳ֣µĸ첲קקѲ첲ϲ
壬ѪĻҪķѪֹĿЩ˵ˣһҪѪ⼷ʡĵණ

˵ŻĹǳ鲼֣µĸ첲һȦһȦ˸ᣬָѪ˿ڵ
˵ĵطǧòûбĸɾɴţõĻ죡

֣µͷԼ˿ڣ˲˿ڳЩʱĽĵطеľľģ˿ȷʵֹѪˣСѾͷҽ

壬Ҫұܰǧ֪ҷֵġ
֥ûһССҪ

֣üͷһһʵ
ǻͬ
֥µ˵

֣ͷһ£
˺֣£֥æûСȾܡ


֣»ͬһ䣬ٻͷͿ֥ܵķɿӰѾͷɾ˰ɣ






29.     


֣ھǴŹر֮ǰ˾ 

һСԺ, һλòͷڵṫһŰѹԼǰĺߵŭ, 
λŴӳ

ӣȷʵ֪
˺ʹֹ˻ȥ
ʱһ֣ԹϢȫޣϵɽԼξ뿪ˡ
Ӹɱ֮Ű˸͵ȥ, ʿûôı¡

ȻλҲ뵽еĹؼ, ҧ
˿ò

, ʱȷΧˣżСǱҴӺеġ

㵱ɶˣ

ӷģ

ȥƲ Ϣһ

ŵһ, 
ǣ
ڳ, Ҫúıһˣ

ԺŴѧʿСʧֻһʼ
꾩Ǹ̽ԽԽ, ҸһڽھԶţ˰ɵأίʵһ÷Ӱ

***
ǣ
Ժﲻʱѿ
ǰԺӵĻͻƶѵ˽, ʱԺмǼû

ľϴν״Ȼʱͼվտô򵶵ʦڲͬĵ

ѵ͵˴ֶӼңװá

һƵԲ, м֧ʮһĵУʱԲľľͷһľϣöӶĽġ

͹÷һ, 
һײ

ִ˵ĺ֮ײԲϣֻ
ǡ
һײȥıĵоȵķֳʮƬ

Ҳˣӿ˵ϣʹͲʹˣ

֥ԱߵĴ˹
һô򣡡

ľӹӣͣܿ;ͱƬڵϡ

һʮƬ⸴ӣ
÷˵ôõķզû
궼Լһѿһһֱϸϸ˿Ҫķܳʱ䣬ȴû뵽ķ˼򵥡

ûҲû
ľԲͬпСѧľǼ߶ûīسɹ桯Լĵģֻǽȴų¼ʶˣȻǺӸ밡

үүоһѵôװɣ
֥װ˾˿ˣִеЩûôֻ취ֶˡ

ô˿ĵôأ

ֻ˿һѰͬذ׵СɣгܵĿڲƿƬ⵶ڹƬͱ˿

ʱЩСľԼõľжǰ棬ÿѵ֮ķ϶СһƬڣһѵģ

ƿƬĴۣʹ

׹˵ڣһͷľͿ԰һһͼ򵥶ˣƬ˿

ľһ˿ĺϸ˿ݸֶʵ
ɣ㿴ϸɳɣҾͰǰһ

˹ˣ
˿滹ϸϸẹ̈񱡶ȫˣ
ٴĥһá

֥ȴǿŵڴ˼ԲεľǱȻľ˹ȥ
֥ǻǳ֣

֥ͷ
үү㿴ƬʱѵģһСĻ֣ܸܲҸܱ⵶ڲˣ

ҵзӣ
ľ°ͣоʱӸˣ
ǴȻϵĹͲǵò

֥۾һ˸Ĵָ
үүҲ

Ѿͷϸоֵֹģôþڿ㣡

ľЦֺǺǵģ
һȥĥҪʱҪЩ

үүҾ
֥ȻԼһ㽨飬ľֱͷԽԽ֥һЩ뷨ˡ

÷⵶Ǯţ
óӵݸľһԲǼƬҲ֪ѲƣһǾĹգ飬ǮҲò٣

ľûƴǣĵȷʵͦģȡһӣ
ʦ˵ûֵ͵ʶˣѽܵģЩӡ

ɻЩľͷ
ָǼľӵʱԺͦҵģľԼĹ߶ˣľͷҲ١

סס
ľڰֹסֶӵļƽϣ
㿴мľͷҾǲõı߽ϸӶѣԺҾʱһ㣡

ľˣ¿ϰССĹ־µģһӣӼסֻ¶һ㣬µһмкСĿ϶һƬһϵĵװСϡ

װԺҡľӵİ֣ڹмƬǰߣǰŵķĵУӵƶƬƬƿ˿

ҡŰۿ˿ˣͷʹ˿ô򵥵Ľˣ

֥װѵڵϵ˿ȴŸҡſչɵЦ
㷢ɶƬû˻ҡ

ޣ
ع
ҺȻ뵽Ҿ˿ȥҲ

ѾȲˣվðſں
ˣ͹÷ϴϴֽݺ

ŷĥǮ
ұԪڲˣ˿һǰ˾͵ʳͣҪ㣿

֥ķ뷨⶯ѣ
㣬ȥϼȥҶûȥأ

εǿԴȥϴλ˵ڷּпհ͹֥桯أӲ㣬ȥɡ

˵Ҫɵƣһ˹æĬһһӴӣһҡһƬֱ˿ɳ

˿ڹõˣ°ӺͶգ극ƹǡ

֣
Ӧһ׿ٵİѵϵƬ;ͿǽãԪɵƵ˿ˣɹ껹Ҫء

ٲȻѾﵱԼļңÿ˻ؼ˯һ춼

տʼǸӣͬڵĵܵܣżڼԶٷҲ͵չ˺ˣ˭쳤վ⺢Ӻȫһڿֻ飬ķʱ⣬˳ֽֽ

үү˵ӾȻʼʶ˺ŵĺһţлֵͬܲͽܣֱ˵
Ժ׵ܵܡ

ⲻǡ硯еĿȺˣЩֻҲ˹ȥÿϵʱʱ仹࣬ôõĵȴ˼Ԫڵĺɵϲϣ겻һˣ÷ӵиɻҲҪո֣





30.     ɻ

ɻʱĻ, һʮ嶼ŵϡСԪࡣ

˿ҲûȥǮ, ϸϸǽϣʱϡ

ϸϸ˿óӱгɳ̲һߴ硣

ɻƵĵƹǺܼ򵥣úһ۵롣
ϸһͷһ˿ӿڣһֲƣһϰˣСյĺܺá

ؼ˿Ľӿڶֽ࣬ʱŲᱻơ

һǼܺ, ſʼְֽ, ѧ˸һģһǵӶֺ, ǹ֥õĲϿڰ

ѧĵǿ, Ļ, ҲСŵ, ǿˡ
ĵָţֱĵƹǣŷֵ
, 

ڹǼϴ׵ֽҪðֽһֽĺҶֽЩֳɵ, ǻɲС

ɻĻǷɫȻһѵɫָ֥׶ɫshaiүүһ

ʯұˮ, һҹˮ峺ޱȣˮİ׷׵ʯҸ裬鲼˺󣬰۵ͬһһӼӽֲȾϡȾϱóЩ

֥Ա߿Ŀתû뵽Ҹɫôŵֻǣ
ôö

ð׸ҵɫүүΪʡǮö
ðɣˢֽĿ϶һ

֥׵õһСɫƫƷ죬Ȼʱۺɫѵ

ֽ϶˫ɫ̫ɹɣ˸ɺֽó˻Σһм䣬м΢΢͹һõĹǼϣɫҶӴס

һƳͺٶȾͿǹ֥ǰֽ˸ɫĺɻƣõǰ԰ڣ
Ҳ£ֻɫԪڲź


֥
Ҳֻһɫĺɻưɣ

ʱŮɵģЦŵ
Ȼֻһɫˣÿεɫһοɵֲֹһʽ˾֪ˡ

¿үүʱ
Ҫȥҵĳһɣھסһͻء

Ϊѵ
ҴŲٺɻƣҪҵط֪ʱܻ
һεûס

û£ʱֵ㻻㲻סջ֪ﰡΧ˶أ
ͷϣүүͰ¿˹
Щװã˵ЩӲϣĶʱſڸ˾鷳ˣ

׺Ӽҵ¿ǴӵģǸ߽ⱼ¿ʰЩ

ҲųӲźװȥ賵ģ֮ǰѳ˼ҵġ

۰˿Щɣ˵Ҫء
Ǯô㣿
ǰûҲûûס

֥žˣ
Ҵ£һٸһѣǰ񵶵һ죬ʮӦúġ

ʮıˣھʮģҪӵó
Ůһۣ۸ˣ

ǸߴĳǽԶӳչֱѲӵĹٱӰ

֣š
¿ܳŹٱ飬֥ǽϵ¿˸飬
ǽ°

ǽʮǰ޵ġ

ģ
ֱ֥죬զԼʮ꣬һ֮³ôõĻôûˣ

·ϵĵַǾŵĹٱʲ˺ܶ࣬һ̽ͷüһôɻƣĵָ˾䣬
켯ɵƵĺܶ࣬еˣȥռλӣ

ллү
һм֮ɫ

ЩһҪŻؼңҲǰܺʱֻüŮڼҡ

ֿ֥һûˣôˣ
С֥ҿּ˾Ǻðնˡ

̶ûǴĸÿˣ
֥ЦĻ¶˳˵ķʽþһŷӦ

Сöޱޱëëͷֵ
ɶʱͷҸͷûˣ

ٺ١
֥˼Ц
ͷϳʭˣҸɴ඼ˣ

ǵʱδʱԹ緹Ůȥˣ֥С¨һ˿װһÿƷ͸
ǼǮʵĻ۾һˣʡĸϼһ

ͷ
Ҳд⣬ȥϿһۡ

ټľǿɲֹһмھǵϽǣŴһм

̯Թž֮಻ȱĶ廨ţµļпɷḻˡ

ǹϵĺɵƷǳ򣬵˽ǰµȴ٣еɻûУڹ֥ԼҺɵƵĵƹǺֽĻģһԲεֽ˴۸
ӵƶǮ
ʮġ
ԼȾɫģ

ҵһҺԼʽģй˿ּۻۣ
ʮģʮˮһӣ̫ˣ
֥Ȼŵͷ

ӵƱǺɻƣźɻƾĲϡ
˵Ҳ

ʮģҴһȥ
֣úã

ʮģȻ֥ԼҵĸһЩҲԼĺɻƵˣ

ȥһ°ɡ

ȴ
ȵȵȣȥʳۣȻûдĺˮ֣Сÿ궼ȱиûʳǼۣۼҲҪڵ㡣

֥ӣƺ֮ˮ룬б˾ǵǴӶϽϴ˺ˮֱϷӣ

ӱߵͷʳӾӶ࣬ϷĵѾʼˡ

ңŮ˵飬
һʯӣ۸ʹ࣬ϷǴ֮ꡣ
֥ţԼȻѾʱʱĹҪգպ죬㡯仰ײ֪ԼǼǵӵļ۸ֱ۵˵˽Ϸջ

ֻǽպɵӵļ۸ȴǺ˳
ʮģʮĵʮģ⻹͹ˣ˾ˣ

ҡͷӣ
֥ҪǶۣ۾Լ̯ɣԼʮĿ϶ܿˣ

õĵ
֥ûʮĵļ۸̫ˣתֿڣǱ߾ˣԵӶģܸߴϣһſڹ˼ƯĺɻƣȻǾɴɵģ
㿴Ǽңȥʣ

˭֪ȴס˲ӣסŮ嶯С壬
֥㿴Щƶʲôɻ˼ҿϵģ

δʾӿɲԼķ֥ͷףдžǿ
۾ȥһʣһأ

һӻֲ꣬εӻ꣬һЩֹ֯Ʒӻꡣ
֥ȰǽϴһȦѴ򿪵ֽɡǾĻӦһǸ࣬ϷŶеٱ࣬ǾƷ

ƹʵģղա
Ļߵ̵ƹǰСʵ

ǲĻ
ƹͷҲ̧ľܾ

һ֪̾ЩӲôýģתŮȴǶżϵĻ￴Ŀת





31.  ʶ   ټ

ټܰ, Сڹ̨˿ͽܻᣬȴ, ˿пеĲŻҪȡϸ

ŮһĴֲ£Сֻһ۾ܿģŻԼҵͻƲ죬ûУ

֥۾ĿľƷ֧ԱߵĶԻ

ԱһλɫȹͷҡḾˣϵѾǿĵˣ, ѯ, 
̿ʦ

СϵЦ˼ָ֣, 
͹ģ¹ʦĶӡ, ˵ҲϤ, һ, ô⻬ҲֻⱾ£

һ԰ɣҰ

֣
СЩƹķƣ
лݶģ͹߸Ǯ

֥ʱоḺ́ĽڼƵĹʮһȻ˼ұرһЩ, ֻһ̣ͨӲ¹׵ͣԼȻʽ෨, ߾Ʒ·߲ź׬Ǯ

һ͸оִܾ٣ƹܾ뿪첽ߵŮ, 
֥ۻȥɣ

֥ȴ̧ͷףﾫĸ첲ͷ
ﶼǴʦգ۶

ǣŮС֣ǹɲɢ˺ܶ࣬ϰŵͷ޵
ȷʵã
Լ磬ȻҲó

һԹ̱ưŵλúܿһµģһִëбΪͬһбıǣ汣ڵȻҰȤ汻ĥĹ⻬ޱȣⶼ׹⴦Ĺ
֥۹⣬ϲ̻ҪϴΪѣ뷨ƵĿ٣
ƣǹøơ

Сƶˣ⸸Ůզǲߣ뿪˵䲻ģſڽһˣСһ飬϶Ц²ѣǸϿͱҿˣԼҲ̸˰ɣ

ʯһԼӾͿһ鲼ĸŮ۾ǻϵĻģ

㿴˼һ㣬ô鶯㻭̫
֥ʱָŸߴֽɡϵĻԸֹ

ÿǺÿҾ㻹ǷЩźÿ㲻ʣ
֪Ů˼Ѿ⹫ɣĲˣ

֥Ҳֻôһᣬûǿо׵˼˵껭ҪִַʣܿתµĻ⣬
ֽɡÿǺÿҪСͺˣ
֥ϲƴɡֻǿϧ⹤ˮƽˣ
ϲСһȥһѡ
ֲ£ͩͼֳɵģֽɡ˵¡

˵ĲСɡôС˱ô֡
ֱ֥Ȼţǰƴ۵ɡð

㻹ɣ
֪Ů쿪˵ĸײ

Ի˼ʯɵ߽ЩףСѾͷ¨ĺɻЩ죡

֥оԱˣŸԱã⣬˭֪ߣ˼ҲߣǺɻС¨һһεģ
СѾͷɵģ

֥˲о̧̻ͷǰһӣƤͦ۵ģ
壬۽һ˵
ڱ˼̸ⲻʣ֥ɲ뻵˹ء

ʯһűС¨СѾͷֻܳͷ֣Цĸ˳
ڿ˵˰ɣ

֥ѱ¨ױţԼСĵ˺ɻƳ
ǿɻƣұøˣ

ɻĺܲҸ֪ģҪĿɲֹһյ
ʯЦе˵ҪСѾͷզ졣

壬
֥̫ϲУؼʱҪס
Ҫ٣
Ҳ˼Ϊ˶棬˭濴ɵƣ

ʯȴ΢΢һ㶣ôɰɣ
ϴӻĵ͵ģ

͵ģ
æǰһ˻
ֻԪڵĵʱ䲻ҵġ

Ͷˣʯ˼ˣǵȫѹ
ԭԼ£ĵһ黹ЩˣĵԼɫ̫ˣÿӻ̹һܿͱˣʯҲȥƹһڷ綼¶

˴ԼҲԶֺͬ͵ˣСƻؾ˾˼ҰѺɵƶ˺Ժÿ͹ҵ˵ǰɵƵĵƹĽʵֽҲܺʵɫڲͬźɵȷʵеϧˡ

ɵƲǮһ
һСѾվſָŸչȥĺɻʵ

ʮģ

øµġ

֣
СڵĴһµĵݸſڵѾ˵ʮͭǮջԼǳʶǮ˼ҵС㣬ʮӵˮѡ

ӻ̺СԺʯ̸
˵ֽɡҵգЩҵϾʱиӣһ׬ԴӿźȻܲǼǲҵĶˣ

֥һȺͲǮĹˣƫЩŵİã˶˭Ⱞû׬ǮǼ˻ɶԵģ˭ûţǳԺζĿǿ̫ˣ 

˿
ʯϸϸ˿ȣһ˼˵
ʲôߴ綼ҾͰЩѣÿ˶˿Ҫߣ⣬´Ʒȥɡǵ˿Уȥһϸģ´ȴһٸҰʮգ

⵹ʵ飬ÿ˵ַһ˿Ǻܴģοеƫãɡǣļʵߣɡǿɲϸء

ңɵνˣ
ƹ˱˹ʵ

ʮɵƶѣȻȫ£ֻշʯƵ˵
ʮһˣȸһɰʮһգֵԼѡ

Ǯõ̤ʵǷǮҪ˵Ŀ̫ˣһӾһʮİ

֥ԥ֮ɫ֪ò⣬Ͱſʵ
˼˵´ͻҽϴεĻԤһһѭ𣿡

ǵģҲǶһ֤Ұ˻תͷ˱˼Һôջصʧ
ʯ͵¿ɲ٣ˣҶһǮߵĲҪ̫̼࣬ҲҪеյġ

һŮ֥Сָͷ˻Σʯֱ֣СѾͷֻ£

ѡ˸һѺһķʽƹĴ̸ˣٰʮģдһŸӻӡǷ´ͻʱʮģ
ɵÿһʮ嶼˷ţʱһ£üʱ

һһ
ϸİͭǷպãʮ׬߰ٶģܲˣ

֥ȴڸ׽ʱһľͷģӣмĲ֦ƺܺÿȥ±ԣȻģе󣬿ԽԽϲ

ʯ֥ŰֵӣǸӵĸоԼǸƤСӣҲ˼֣
ģҪʮģҪϲǮ㣬ʮģ

࣬ĺù󰡣ŮŲ֣ܸˣ͵Ůˣ
ϲʹϰɣ
֥ģӷŵԼС¨￪ʼŴ±ʲôˣ

Ů˴һĻǷ뿪ʯתͷȥСƣ
֪ļң
ϸ²ε¶Ŵ׾˾ˡ

ʯĬʱ֮ɫ䰡ƷСȴʵʵڵְ¹٣¾е̽Ӳùɣ 






32.  л   ɫ

ɫ, ŮֹһȦһﻰ÷, Ҫ۽֥סˣ
۶ǣؼԼ

ɲ

һᣬǳԣ

ţΪŮԼʡǮأϾ۽̫, ѹ, һƲ˼

ûƭ, С˵̹, ܼ򵥵, ͸̲һ, һȥԣ
ͽŽɵĶһǣŮԵģϲɡ

缸ʱȥ
ȥүү, ֪ڲڿջ

׺ȴڣƹ˸ת

˿ջɫͲˣؾ˾˼ҵ·һŵˮ, ǰͷ˼Ʒͨͨˮģ֥ĺ, 
ƻҪƻ

ͣ
εľŮûҲְ 

ǰŽźС¨Ҳţһ¨ֵͣ
һǮͺܹģ

ھ˾ǰЦе㺩ģ
ղںͬģźˮ飬ⲻǹ

Ϻ̸ҹ˵Ϊˣɵ˸üǮǿģ
ӻ˵ӿǾѫܰѻǼңɼԽʵˣ

ƽƽʯһɫۣ۰
ֵܴźأ˵ҲͣĪˣ

൱ˣĸǵŹѧǶҿЩСñЩаŮӵίʵöˣ

ģſڽ࣬û뵽ԼȻôõŹҵӣѫ֮Ұ

ʮУг״Ԫ˾˿㣡
ָһĹ

͸о˷緫͵ġ

δ˶ЩȻ
ίʵֻһûþͱȥ

ĵͷ
ҵʱѣһѰȣո˾˴


ᣬ֥Сõ޴磬µȹ
ѧ߻ɱ


֥ϲȹӣתȦȦǳɫȹƮЦĿģ 
˸Ҹ˻أ

ޱޱ⻰ȴͷһᣬĨĨ۾
֥ɿˣ

ˣһֵ֥ȻСֻˣæչȥ
ùãҲ࣬
Сһţһ˵ĿԼæĵ
㿴ҾǴĺ㣬һ㶼࣡

~~
ޱޱûȰãޣ
~~

֥ͳСõԭЩһֱΪԼĻ»̻Ȼ
˵£Ŷ󣿡
֥СŲ˼飬Сòʮɣ

˵ЩýһһţΪҵ¶

֥ԼС°ͣ
Ҿڲ̸µĺʱ˾˲ǲҪһȲźã

԰ɶ԰ɣ
ޱޱ˦ӣС֥תȦȦ
ĸ˵мҺܲҿˣ߶ʲôŮҪ߼ɶģҵЩæҶӰһ嶯Ͱһ¸ˣ

ƷҷҪЩҪһʱģ
֥Сգգ۾

ޱޱļѸȥЦ
֪ߣ֥Ҳ

֥˭Ȣޱޱãӿ϶ľʣ

ֵһƬլһȺԺм䲢ۡ

١
ֺϺˮֱĳģʮǰؼԺÿճ̣ʱǰһڲ֪Լգؾĸױſһϲź²ѣСƢˡ

һ㣬һٻ
ԶվһºɫĶ

ֻоֱ۶˲ĳԽԽˮε۾۾ʹҧ

ʦ̫̫ūˮˮã
̫̫ߵѾ˸̹һˮһ衣
ºӲʯǰһִֺͣһҧ֮£Դ࣬ĵͷֲජӹСӲ

֣°ŽĹʦҲ̫̫ǱСӵʧٸŻˣһʱ֮˶Σү˵Ժˣŵľ

Ѿץ˰صϵˣй˵ʱʱѾڼɽû˱ϢֻһģĺӰǽǱ߶ˣԼ߿ûϣԼ֪˿ɲ࣡

̫̫񵥣ƿС
̫̫ҵĽִʱؼҡ

̫̫
ǵĻԭⲻĺʦ˵һİȫͽˣ
ǣ
˳ȥ

ܼҷŴ˽Ժӣվŵæﺰ
̫̫үˣ

̫̫񵥣ӭ˳ȥԶŵϴľζûЩ֬ζߣ
ôôƣ

ܴΪİ龫ǣҪʾһ¡

***
֥źǷϴϱ߰㣬Ժ˯ˣСÿʼˣҲûѾ֣Լһײǹˣ

趹ù֥ϡϴͷĨѣо˶壬ˬͬճˮС䡣

ޱޱôϲ趹͸װһСɰ
šǧ𷽡ϵķԼģȻϲͶϣͷ

˾˼һõĴ׺һ̳ӻͣĸһڵ
оٶߣúðˣ
⼸ϣͷȥ


ɣ
׺Ӹ¿ˣس̵·Ϻ֣ʱ䲻һ£س̶Լˣһ·׷ҸϵСë¿õõáܵͦʵ

֥ҪһԼˣ
ʲôʱ


ǳԾ
զģ
ȷʵͷ¿ˣǺɵƵܴģо˾˹ĻǴһ룡

ܵĿ찡
Сë¿СȣԼС¿ǻǱ簡

ǸӰ
׺ӷСë¿յţʼµŮ¿⡢ţ֮
Ǻã𰡣

֥ĬԼǵʳչ˳ԣȷʵһƥԼֻСë¿ˣ

ȥүүѰͷ¿ӣϳʶ˶ࡣ
˵ű߿ŮɫҪŮҪզȴŮǺʶʱģǱϾͱˣǰСë¿Ҳͦģ
öүүһͷ׳ģ

ţүүһõĳӣ

Ҫӵģ

У

׺Ӹ¿ֺǺǣң뵱꣬ɩս죬Լֵǰӭӡ·ʺļʻȴڲڱ˺ںĹײģһζʮȥˣɩģ壬µΨһѪˣģһһ





33.  ±   ¿λ

¿λ, ֻ֥賿С˯һҡƵĳϺܿͷ, ѽĲϯϣְѾĸļŮϣһ˯˼ſڡ

ʰ¿жĶ˵Ż֥䷭ʢĸף̶ܿ챻ݵ

ͷϵӣǷ䵹񣬺һɤӣ
֥, Ȳ, һ·ϲʵ𣿡

С̣϶ϴ±ԣ

̨ϵһ, ô, 
һѧöˣ

, Сýҵģ
֥˵ĸһ, ã˶û˰˵ʲôԼϵĺɰ԰ڵ, 
СԼ趹ҪҪϴ裿ϴĿɸɾˣ

趹
һϡİѺɰ˹ȥһ򿪴Ӿʵһζ, ⶫɻǵһμأ
һˮ۶ϴϴ

Ҫϴʲôôˣ
ϸһ÷ɷŵ, ţζǺãúŮ˵ϴϴϴģ֡

һɰ趹ø˭֪ûǰϾ˱ӣ
ζó壡
æѺɰϵĴһӵ䴲ϡ

֥ǰžүүĲݳĲˮڿ򣬵Ǻò裡һںһòϣ
ҵҪ棬Ҫ±

ҪҰ𣿡

ãС̰Ҿˣ
ĸ϶ҲҲŶˣ粻أ

֥ǰԼ±һЩСɣڵ̯ʱӣȸɾʡǮȻԭܶ࣬ʵĵһ¡

ɰС¯ϣҪȰǽǶ㻻ģˬöóԵĿˡ

ʱΪ⣬ֻΪСӺ֣ɿǽļƣϤпúܴɽÿӺöӣүүǱÿǺ«ȥϼû뵽֥ǽȻĺܲţ϶ǽ̸ġ

ǽ͡ˮȺ󣬿ʼۣӹÿӽţ
ԣզое

֥ȴָʣ
ƤҪЩӲ˰
Ĳ˾˸Ƕϣŵһš

䣬ͷҪɽˣǶȴûݺãɹ֥ȲˣҪȥżң±Ҫôɣ

ɰˮֻˣҲը˿ڣϲ̫Ķɳֻǵ˿ڸ΢壬
С̣㳢ôв
ԣ
Ҳϲ̫ģжɳζеζոպã

Сɰˮɣ֥ԺŲȣⶹɳͳˡ

رϲɰڵɰ˳ˣ õĺܡ
С̣Ұɳ

ϣģСһëŲʱͺתš

֯ٶȲ죬ʱҪ¶ˣ֯Χأ֥ëϴȥζëߣ֯ë߶ȥˣ֯ͷأ

֣

֯ëһŵʼ壬ߦȡ
֥ߦȿǽţԼĲõ
С̣Ȱһ㿴Ȼģӣ

û뵽ôͣƤôС
ϲĲˣѶɳ棬ĳƤ

С̣㿴ô
ģѹ±ƺܺÿͷ
ʮĵģӡ

С̣֥ģһţ
ģӾͽСˣҪϹ±

һ÷ĸ±ɳģ±ζܿ˳֥˵Һ˸ûպīëպˢ±ϣָϸСţ
֥±ܳ𣿡
ζĳ۰Ͱ͵Ŀɰӽԣ

һ±ĸˣһһϳȥװĿڴɱȹŮ󷽣ֱ˰ӣ

ȥżһٶ㣬ھӼҷһ֡
̫ˣ
ȥżҳ緹ٻʲôʱ˰֥úóףһּҺĵһѽأ

Ǿɣ涼ͺá
ǵҵģ˵㣡

ԪǸҪĽգׯһ˼ɱһͷϹأһһͰˡ

һ⾹ȻҪһģ֥ǳԲ

ŹǵǿǮһ
ҪͷͱˣֻҪʮһ
ǹ֥ŹǾҪźó԰

֥뷨͸˵ˣǰ˽ɱıҶ磬
ﵹҸŹǴϵʮһ廨⻹ǰһΣ

ǰΪŮͷΪȣڳԹյĲ˺Ҳ˹ͷοŹϻ⣬Ź⣬ȴԼһڶԲϣΪĶֵ࣬˵㣬ֵ 

ûң±ζƮˣ˳·ھζʵ
ɣɶóԵˣô㣡
±أ֥̫˾ԼЩ
˵ζҲȵĲû뵽ҵĻգ


˼ңѾ˾˸Ĳոճ¯±װһ⣬լȥˣ͸˵˽ţãŻÿ

ȻϿĶɫÿ˺ܶ࣬Ͷϱǰ춼عˣţÿڼɹҲûڹ⿴һ£ɸϼûǮ

ϲȸ̴ӣСĺܣ
˾˶ðɣ

õģڹæûջݡ

æͺð
̾±ǵԼͦģզˣͷѾϴ±ӣҧ
±أɴϡ

ôຢĻеʣֻһ³Եˣ
ϼɤ͸Ŵȥ϶һᣬżô±ȴֻúЦ

ˣ
ǣţԹˣ˶ãԼţҲˣʵڲǽ費ţи׵ţڼţҪǽҵĴͻ

ţؼʱﷹ͵ˣǳϼ˺һԪڻңҲû˵أ׼ʹûع

ˬߵС·᫲ƽöݴĵط͸ɴţУ·ߵĵкܶţڸأջ˼ңⶬСҲҪˣ
㣬ڼöҹҪϼҪȥǵģһڼҲģ
ڴסͦϰߵģȻҲǱ飬﷿٣үү̶ڣճײһ꣬ҵĴֶҲ÷ַ˯ˣ﷿סе 

һżҵԺӣǽɹש˲שҪéݣľŴȿͿ·ˡʱũǷӶԼ׼òϣһкҸʦţéݷӾˣ

趼ͦŸӣϳϻûԻѸֵ̫Ͷϲ£˼ҵĹǸ

ֽ֥ó±ڵȶ˵ϣ
̫⹫̫ţС̺һ±óԲ

⻹Ⱥأĺóԣ
λݶ˺öֻ࣬Сԣ±һ㶼ӲǵڲҲһ˶ǡ





34.  ɽ   żҴ

żҴ
ڴ²ܼʱѵĸ, Ьף, ԴİԽֵ߹ȥţ˲˾

ǲǴ󲮼һզˣ

֪˵ּˣػûˡ

ǻģŮȳܸʲôǼǹϣ׳ʵСӿ, ǿǼ粻ġ

, ׶ˣ㿴ÿλǺ

ô˵, ϴθϼñɶģ
ĸûиЩ, Ǯ, µطֵؾûã


, Ѹȡ͵ζĳģǰ˼棬ζͳӯ˱Ǽ⣡

Ժ, ŹקĴ֮£žաϵ, һӣܿӾͱĺͨͨģ֥СܶͷһС

˹, ϵٳ졣
ϳϺţ˵ϲóģϾȥҸɽֻҲ̫˰ɣ

ȥһξ㣬ǰЩæûʰпҲøϼǺ«
ɽǰŮŲ裬Ů˿أ

㵽ʱ͵̯ϰҲиӦ
ϲˮ

֪ȴ飬ҡͷԵõ
Ǻ«ĺҲСŵģҪڼпĵطź

ֱ֥ߵѾװϴĶɾˣֻ˸طʼŸӴÿܵǰȿˮЪЪɽ髵ͦȤģû飬
⹫ܺ𣿡

ʵһ֣Ǻ«һ֣ʣЩ̫õľɹҩ̣궼ʣ£
ɽСʱµģÿ꿴ŸŵȥǺ«һζʮˣǼҵıأ

⹫զּã
Ȼզûأ֥¾ֱ˳

ּã
ɽ̴˿ʹһ£һţ͵һǺǾ񫣬³һȦغʻ
һ꣬ÿɾඣ

ʲôأ֥ò⣬
⼸Ĵûɽ𣿡

а궼Ҫӣÿ괺ϸ϶Ҫּóȥ

ǲͽˣȻû֣滹֣˵ɽӣҲû
ɽરડͳ̴ӣȻסˣܾŮ⻰̫ԣһʱȴ޷

⹫ҪּãҳˣҰȥ
ɽ髿Ǻöôô֥һӾкü

У⹫֣
ɽȻϣһɽÿԼԼԼӴ˷ּңҲ÷֦ˣ

ʰʰϲˣ
ϴ̽ͷһɤӣ
ҵģǲصĺþдŮ

ɴ̳Сƣ˵ʱ¾ľƣҲմŮĹⳢ
ɽֺǺǵİľ̳Ӵ򿪣Ǵ𣬾һķͣζϼ̳Ӿ˶ǣ˶ûôŮôζĲһѵóΣµĿɿˣ

ˣ
СһһĿɻȰˣҲĸˣͺȶˣϸǸǱӣ죬ıӣ
û»ȥʲôʱ򣡡

ż²·
ĸżϻ֥Ȱ˾䡣



֥һΣƫģ

ԪھһͨæۿԽԽˣɩӶأŰǵı춼ϴˡ

żҴǸɽ壬Ϊɶܳɸأֻиˮ̶
ˮӵ಻֪ʱһ֧նŵľͿڴ˰˼ңֻǺճ̵ԽԽ࣬ѹ˶һ壬Եĸ׵ʱڴţռ˾Եıˡ

ˮ̶ˮ󣬰Ӱɵľϣˮɱ£̷漤Ľˮƽˮ̶ĶͰȱڴˢһϪŶȥ

̶ˮмʯ¶жżҴϴϴ˶ĥĹ⻬ƽ̹
һľһʯͷǳɫı˳ʯͷϵıԣڰ鳵Ĵϴűϵա

ûᣬʯͷһǰһˣ鳴˷£ҲԲĸȿڴȤ
¿ɶˣ

ûУ
һ㶼Ťĵ
ﲻˡ

ɣ
һ˼Ц
۴˭֪ˣģǸɵѾͷֻûȵ

Բˮ˦һ̧ͷˮƯһɺ
쿴˭ĳˣ

һ̧ͷȴһԼеģԱƮŵķͷæվɤӺ
˰̷






35.  ֽ糵   

, ﲨƹص̽ձ, Խɵʧ󣬴µ̿ڰ̽һǣһı¶ܶ˲òʱ뾩ݱܷâ

Ԫڼ̽׵̴½ĽԽͺӵǿѲ顣

λε̫͸ĴžɽӰ涣
ˢ

֣˫մѪĴɱ˫ֳǦ׹, һŰҲĺ, ȴһʹԼˮ, ˮĺӰεӰѸٵͷˮµһ, һǱ, ϵذĻС

ȿȿȡ
̵֣, һȦͷԶɽԼǻ䣿
***
һЩܸĵؿʼŮ, ɽԼҵũһ룬ڼֵأ͸ţСŮŮء
ǽϵĻưɫ, ʢСЩı¨ǹ֥һĶص׷

ĺã
ɽϣŵһζ, Ѿ֪ôˣԺǲš

ϴʳǰأҪټЩʻЩҼûţģûܶٻʡ
˵ѾװһһͷһͷǴﶹ͵ĵ׷ʣ
ǲͰѶ˷ҲԵʹ

ǿԡ
ǿ϶ǺöɽŮȰѵ˷͵Ķʺͻʣָ˵أʱţ϶ʣҲؼԣӲǿǴƣ

ӣ
֥Сͷñܸɺ¡

ĶС̵İæܿӾĵ

İɫëΧԽ֯Խ˳֣ǰɽһ͹ƽڵƽƽչչ֥ԱĿǰľȶȾСѾ֯ëˣ֯õĲִСһⳤΧ·Ҳˡ

С̣ˣ
ْţĶܿӰˣ˵ٶֻգ
ʵߣһ뻹֯ڶ 
֥Се㱿׾Ľӹţ
Ȼѵһ׹㿴߾סˡ

Ȼͷ˹ȥһʦͨļëߣβһ벼Уɡ

֥ùΧһΧ
С̣㿴ÿ𣿡

аɣ
Լ֯ķǿ˵ĻУʵϾĲզ 
㲻𣿡

֥ӣ
ҿΧ档

ɣ
յվ˸
㲻˵Ҫ³Էۿʼɡ

ȥˣŵ͸͸ģﾭ裬ֱɷɫĺ״ɲǸʡ


ֵܿ˸ϼӣθŽȥϼȴ͸õȥ

ˣ
֥ŽųԶŵֺ

Ŀ磡
ԶЦŽռõλӰѵӷ£͹֥ѿ̧˿ǰλãĸӷϰѵݣɽЩѵ棬ͨͨСɽ

ˣ㳢
֥ԼɽƬ˳

ԶǱĺģ

ɺԼֲ̫Ȼ˺ܶࡣ

ɽǣǺƬ
֥ѿڶ˵Ǹĵƣ˸˿ڣ
ȱҪҸԲƬƬųԡ

ԶһƬζĿɿڣ 
ģȳԹӺóԡ

˲٣С 
֥ԼõСֽҲ԰˳
ƬҴֽװҲóƣôһǮʮƬ

ֽװǿԣƬУ
˭֪ȴҡͷǺ«ܺľǣ
ûЩޣһǺ«ܰһϵĶһѡԼģƬס𣿡


֥۾ſŶˣԶصĵͷôпᣡ
ϰϻӸϣ֥
Ȳˣ

óӳ
Զȴ
ۼҵĳٵһһܳƶ٣ʱͷһƬƬ
Ȼϵ˾иְ취ѻȥ 

еڴĸ߸ߵĺǺ«ǰΧ˺öຢӣɫֽ糵ƵתתǺ«ǵĿ⣬
үǸתô

Ǻÿģ
ɽֺǺǵЦţӹһẺӵݹǮ 
㿴ĴҸã
棬ԶͬǺ«֮Χ޲紵ֽ糵Ƶתת

ƤǸϵС죬ΧĸһĻ죬ÿȥ̯Ǹ̯ϳ棬Щ̯ᷳޱƫֲֵ٣ǿ֣뷹͵۹ǺӲӡ

ֻѹ˲٣ΪץЩүͻȥˣ˭֪ǾȻ˳˰̽Щֻôλ

̯ϳһĨ죬Ƥž͵˳̯ϣͶ̯ˣһܲݻƵצץףĵ
Сˮĸҳ

ϵƤǰŸϼָ֥Ǹ׬С˵ģ߻ӣϾ͵Ҫ£ִ

̯ϾԼһˣҲû˵ֻͷץЩӳ˵ŵİСӿŵƤץһѺӣһţ
ޡ
ĳԱĺˣķ׷׻ıãƤϼ˲ʶġ

еɫļƤȻҼһһͳǿӲ
㸶Ǯ𣿡

ĸ۵ĸҹҼүҪǮƤ֮ɫһĻͷȴڿ屳˭ʱںճ˳飬ɫݱڨڨȻٵĵЦ
үⲻζ͸͸
ģղŲǿȥһͷʲôʱģ

Ǯ
֣תͷվĳʵ
ʮģ
ĵ

ƤͷѪͳǮӣҪĻۻЩɵãˣ
ͭǮϵĸӶ
ллλ磡Ժӣ

أ
ֻ֣ǵİ֣ʹֵܿ첽뿪ˡ

СС̣
֥ӸŵԼ̯ǰ·˹ŵĵ
û°ɣ

û£
ЦЦ
ղиү·ƤǮˡ

С̣
֥գգ۾
ûжлл֣ͷ

֣ͷ
ȴԾɤŶ֣˺ԼȻûϳֻû뵽֣ͷô





36.     

, ѾЩʳ̯Ҳҡһ, ⽡ġӸȺĳʳַ

ľ̯ӣһһʳΧڼª˰ļͳʮͭܳһ̵棬ѵ

ͷƫ˵ĻҲĲˣ˴յһָ̯, 
, ȥɣȻȥ·ϻů͡

أ

ֻʣЩʣµ, Ǻ«ҲˣѵӶ̯, Աߵ̯˸кտ, һ˵Ĺ, ոտ̯ӵ

үҪ棡
ͷæ̯һɤӡ

֣
һںŵĺӴӺ̽̽ͷĿص

ʱʵʵڵĸð, Ҫ˸ȸŮ
˹ˣȵ
֥̫ϲ, ԸŶӶȵӪζ

֥̫˳Բˣֵ㡣
ҲԼ˹

ͣͣ˵Ҫ, 
֥ԼţҡҡСԴɷµĵ
ѽĶأ

ĸ˶СЦˣ
úúã㶮

̯Ҫһͷɢм䣬֥һ꣬ϲ⣬һҧȥǻٳһ棬ˬ

ҸϼôǺ«һΣ
ɽ˻ϻӣ̫ˣͶ˵ˣ
û뵽֥ķ糵ôСϲ

֥ЦԼֽ糵ӭŷ籼ܣԼǰͯûأĸӲأ

ĳҲгɾ͸У
ǺƬҲĺܣǳ˵óԲ˵˻ȥ˺ӳϲ¼ǹ۽˶ˡ

ѾͷЩֵֹĶ
Ůòǫʵҫģ
˵һܴ˷ĺöҶ֣

Ҳ̫ˣ
֥ȵСӹĹĵģ˿Ը׵ʾ˱ӣ
ɶκðɣ

Ŀת˸䣬ָŮЦ
ǹ쿪֪жԶ𣿡

һ֪
ֹ֥
ֻ˵ǣ

СӸ밡
ɽֺǺǵԼСʱ
СʱװͭĹȡͭǮȥɽϿװƱɽ

СʱһôֵߣҿȴַŹ
˳ԶֱȻһ£еźĵ
Ҳ߳ɾˣһֻӡС¹ɶأôëûһ

磬㵽ڻǸ߾
ֱϵĺë޷⣬
ϲ꣬˵꾫òСʱԼǺ꾫ġ
˵˵ųһ»ˣ֥ĽζͨЩ˵Ըص㣬⹫СǸԣеС̾Ȼŵ꾫Σ޵ĴСһۣȻΰɡ

һӸŵĲˮϿ浶ĺӺŲˮЦѣСʱҲɡ
***
Ƶգ´
ϲԶԶĴӴڴׯСǶ׷ܳ˼š

Ժֻмڼң
һ
ëëС׷źš
һȦ
ŷ糵û湻أ

ˣ쿴
ſСӳŴţ顣

Ƕȥɣڼҿš
ΧſԼ֯ëµСˡ

ã߰ɣҪϲ֯ëС̽㣡
֥ĸ첲˵

ã
챻ųţ
ҵҪȢ¸զ

˵Ưأ

ң
֮Աǣ
ׯ˼ȢƯĵƿŰ

⻰һǹ̵Ŀǣ̶Ż²զⰡ

ڵȺ֥ﺢӵļԵøӵˣԽԽԶԶ̧Ľӳ˽С·ϣŸͷǰŴھӹ֣ϲСȺӹӣ

Ⱥŷǹɱȥӵĵ·˳

ӸЩ˸ɫĴ棬ͷ֥Ҳץ˸ 
ɶ

֥̯ģһǵĻ 
ӣ

ԼĴ͹֥ĹӰڵһ
вӣ

֥Ͱһۣ
⻹ȱ

ۡ
ЦŹһ£˻⣬
ǿؼλÿӣ

ҵԺվˣŵĶǳ֥ſǶˣֱӷǰˣתͷȥ·ſӡ

᷿ոµļҾߣ廨˿ı棬ȼյĺ򣬰ѸͰ᷿ĵĺͨͨϲ졣

ǰΧһȺӣոǹһһģڵŴֽ

ϢһֶӲţĶﱧڹ
ҹСɣ
Ŷ߶ţЦĺϲ£죬Դ๫ź󣬶ӹ׬˲أ

ϲߵɤŴﴫ˳
붴
ïЦļۣǣź·Χĸ˶Ƶ˽
Сϡġ
Щ˲ͺøϸ

֥ͷ 
κÿ·ȶˣӦСѧѧġ

ֹ
ͷͼϵ幤ȷʵ

ϲӳ϶ɫĴֽܿ챻С˽

֥Ǹͷ´ļ£³ĵǰ۵ָϸ֥͵һԼ˫֣
ãԼֹؽڲѾִ˰ɣ
ﰵԾؼҾҪֵıһԼֿǧ

ͷƿƴСϸüϸۣɬ΢Ц
ӣ


ҹ֥ķ͵˺ܾãǻع½ŵıɩų
ͽζǽģ˵ֻһҪһǮ

˽Ѿ˲ˣ
Ķ̾

ͷԺıܿɵųˣ
ƲԺ˼ҵؾʵĺܡ

⵹ǣ
֥ΪȻ
ֻԽԽãûԽԽĵ

һᣬϽҲլæһ죬ȽᣬڴЪЪˮ˹ˮµĲ䲻ȵģ
ݽ˯

ϱɷ˫һȵˮ˿Ҳһɨ⣬ϲϲ⣬磬
ҿɼҵǸʮָմˮģԺɼҵѹ
Ǹģûð취ǵϱģ̲ˣ

ɺ˵ٹͰ¼ңҲû̾͹ȥˣ
ûǶ£ʵȴǱԼϱĸأԼҶܵ˲






37.     ȷʵϲ²

ȷʵϲ², ȻŮ˸˽Ůˣ˵˽, ԼΧһ̨꣬ϿɲǸԿӣʲôֵװ׵ģɶһΪɣǳദĻʵǺܺõģٴ㺩, û

ֻνŵȴǳϵ, ڽǰʹ鶯ּҵˣأ

Ͻŵĵڶ, һ羴󣬾ͺϾڷǰųԷ, ֶ, ӵһŵķˣ

ֱջŹ

һˮˮ, ǰϻҳϴϴʼ⡣

緹򵥣ϵĶӣټԵС, ŶͷӣʰùС϶ιĲˡ

š֨ѽһƿɶŸľ, ŶɩεЦЦˮҨưˮСϵ, ˮҵµģְӶ˳ȥ

ˡ
ϴŲ˰壬۾ݺĺĶһۣһɻͶɤۡ

ȵ˶һʺȹˣվڹϰںõķݸţ
ã

Цһջȴšüͷ
°ɣԺۼҳԷЩģ

õĵ
Ц¶Լ꣬ڵĸвˡ

緹ڴĴ 
ʲôҲͰˣƾɶ

Ѿʮ죡ֻҪʮ죡ɶػҰɡ
ϱıСȰš

һŤȭͷŶɵؿڣˮĹ
̣һô˳ԺȶһŮ˲ٳ֣ǹҪ
ԲҶ򣬰ѻ𷢳ͺˡȴüۣ湻ң

糤ҵжǶɵһٷͲ£ɽ쵽ˣȴ벻죬ϱź᷿ţ
ɼҵģô

ϲڴϣۼ£ëëղűȥ˴ңӦóϷˣŵʻ۵ĿڣŴɤƵģ
ҽӲˬ緹ˣ

üͷһȴ׶ϱû˵ɶͷ˶᷿һۣſڣһ廨ӣһ廨ߣŵ۹ס֣
·Ը

ɩӲˬȥ緹ˣ

ϸϸĶü΢򭣬ϸ˳¹ģ
ҵҪƷܼ𣡡

һҭӲסû
ɸ

ֻ棡

Ǿԣ

Ҳ档
Ǻ˵ţûһ˿ѡ

ЩһûۿλεͷѾͷֺߦҲʱˣ
ȥײϴˣԸ

û磬廨ൽ˸ľϣһСײˣСĴָ΢̣ĴָʳָŰײҶӣһһСķŵ

ֻǰһڣǴߴٵĻɤˣָ˻ȥСˢֽԺ
ɡɣҳ

ڴ˿ȴɵ洫
Ҫư棿

ӡಡĴӴϴſ⿴ͼԼǸҷ϶׼أ
ŭؿڵŭѸȥͷҳһʼʰԼëë

ǲ֪ʮ̾͹ȥˣ֪ԷǸ¾ǷּҾܹ˵ģּǰˣ

ëëڴ󲮼ҳһС׷ֺһСײ˹ͷСӱģһѺƬƬı߱ߣؼҾﵽԼĸ׻ڴϣչȥϲ̵ױ
ĺóԵģҸҲЩ쳢

ϳŶιĺƬƬǺһĴͷʵ
ëëҪ͵ֿﻹǵ

ȥëëȥ
ëë¶ģشȴһ㶼
ëëԶֿ

緹ʱˣȸʢ󣬵Ͷųţ
ѾҸѷ˹ˣԵɣ
ûֻŶ˯

ԺﾲĵģǳԹڸԺˢֽŮ˸ڷ˯Űǣ۾ëëˣֻӣ·ȥ֮ǰҲ͵ˡ

ˢֽˢĲɣϱ֪ûС

ŰŰ
µĳԱһͷ׳Сë¿˾׼Ĳ϶Ľлţ֥òŸʲݶҰݶ˲ѣë¿ˣԼȻ죬ʱͲ˰ɡ

Դ˽ʵ
֥أ

أ

ɣɶ£


ëëﲻˣ

ôˣ
ϴ˳ʵ
ëë˵ӲɴϢأ

һѾ
̾˿üһţһĽǣ
ɩһϸ˵ҿ·ˣëëˣë¿ܸϡ

ȥ
æë¿ǣ˳Ӹ
Сŵ㣬Ⱥһ

û£֪
ǣ첽ߣ
ҽͲˣǵҹһ


һͷˮĿŶɳžͿСë¿ˣ
ôˣ

ȥ˵һɵ˼ֱܹġ
ϴߴٵȻϣڿȺ͹˵һȽϺá

Ȼ֪ɶƢĶ߶ңǲСҪȥ˲ǰ𣿻Լĵȥүү˵һ
ȥɡ
֥˵žͰˣȻѾԺ﷢𣬶˵ݿһۣⶼ೤ʱˡ

үү
֥ܵүүСֹ
ëëңǣҼҵë¿ȥ׷ˣ

úãúӣ
ȥݶ䣬ԼϱԽԽȥˣ

õõá
Сë¿ճԵıģܵĿɻˣҲҿԷֵ磬ûԶͿ·ϱǣźӵӰ˿˽
ѾѾȵң

ϿߵĲһ٣ëëѾתŸ׻ȥ
Ҫë¿

԰Ѷӱë¿ϣԼǣ׷ϱûھͱϱһۣ
Ҳȥ

Цŵͷ
ˣҪҴЪЪŵĴæʲôû᲻ᱻ

ϰѱϵİһӣЦ
ҵ𣿡


ڶ˼ҳԹ緹ԾСë¿ׯȵ˴Ұ⼸յ˵˵
ʹȰëëۿͷּˣ̾͹ȥˣ
̾˿
˵ǽɼҵĲһæģҲˣȻΪЩ¸̣ҾͲˣɶһ

ëë˵ĶԣһӼûþһ˵£
ϵͷǶ²ˣкᣬ
ɼҵĿܾԼ廨ǮǮǽԼĿڴ֮⣬˸ɻΪҡ
ּܷҹƽû͵͵СһԷһµظɻΪĶС

ɩ˵̫ˣ
һĴȣ֪ûȥ͵ôˣ






38.     ⼸ɫ

⼸ɫͬ˻һ, ɬ˵һڵʱ, ھпԣϱǰԼж⣬ھж⣡

ʱСվ̨ǰǰϱδᣬֻԼ֪ЩǴＷȥģ
ˣѲ˵ȥ
ΰָһС͹, 췭

ȫ˵, ¶һ

úõһӣӲǳˮ̵, ˶һһ룬û˶, ɿ˼ĨŴ󽴵Ķͷ, ͷ˷

һӵʣ, һ㶼ϲԼǿ϶ܣ
ڵİʣˮͰֱӷ¿Ӿ, Ҫȥҿûʣ

ɻԼķ䣬ӻͳżϵĴһ, ӽϣĬһ˽һ˳ˮֵܿһ˺һ뵰

ĸ, ӺʱǸͷ
ӵɰһ

Ҳ֪˭뵽ɩİ
ҡͷЦ

㲻˵Ľ磬ҲҸϱ𣿡

Сӣɶʱ˵⻰
ɼ⻰Լ˵ģҡͷ
ҪȢ޻ǵҴɩɩڿܸɵġ

ɵͷ
Ҳ

⻰Ȼ𾴣Ȼֵܶɶ۹ⶼУȢӵģģðɣʱԼӦ÷ּˣǱˣ

ȥëëӻлסôʱģҶҪˣ
ɡ

ɹԹԸţȥˣ˲ӵˣؼҺڷǰ˻
һһ췹öɸջ𡣡

һ챥һ죬ܳ϶ˣܿ쵽˷ּҵӣһһٵİᵽ¼ҡ

ޣ
ڼˣúýɼҵ󷹣ľϸЩ

С벻ˣ
ϲԸʮ´Сѧ·ʱһ벻ˡ

һᣬϽ̲Уְֽ̰ɣ
εԼׯӣϱúѧԺô죿 

ֻʮҲ̲ˣȻҲǵ֧ʹԭʱֽģɼ˹ľɵĲ²׼ĸŮ£Ī۲ĲֻǡԺϸӰġ

ѵԽһأ黹µĲ룬׼β˽ԼŮСǸӣֱߵĽСʱûòԣˣڵӲǱŮѧǲŮ޸˼Ѿź򣬿˼ǺýģŮȥ˵С檸ɶҾʹˣ

ѡģˣӳ׳ʵܸɣҾΧҲǰμģԷϵּҲԭ򣬷ֻּ˹ܺЩСѾҲò˼Ǯ

˭ûгķչôһסһ꣬ԼϵӣŮɳԲɷòף

Ҫúϱô죬ȥ
ɼҵҲ췹ˣȽɣ
С߻ˣҾ͸һӣͣ

֪ҲǸɵģһȦ͵
ҸӾǻˣһһˡ

ֱһ֣߶ߣ

Էզ죿ɶɼҵĻգ

ⲻþܾò˼죬ҪͷŮȴëԼ
үүﺦϲͦصģⷹպ𣿡

շ𣿡

ǵȻ
֥վıͦͦģŵĺܣ
үү㳢ζ֪ˣ
ҵǸ̻۵Ҳ֥﷢ݣ

Ҫ˵ʲôϱק˰䣬϶ŮջŵģԼҾܳԵȻĲˣζõĺܣǸԿӣǲɻԼȥҲ١

˵źϱˣʹɩؼҰֵڼЦڻլų⣬ûԼ۵ˣȥʡԼʳɶģ

ֵһһլ극Եıٻȥ

֥ɲԷСջҲϲ̵ͬˡ
𿴹֥С󷹺óأ

Թ֥Сһ緹ۺĵͷԭҲֵİ 

ʱ¼˵ĶͷÿǣȥɽϺӱ߷򣬱ʡʳˣԲ󣬱Ͼǳʳģ

Ժ󣬴ɱ˼ҶˣĻˣȥ˿ŻȥˣȶֹˣֻŹͷ໹ʣ

֥𣿡
ģүүҪʰһ¡
Уզʰ˵

֥õʳľſðϧ̫ˣүүҷҵ˺ܲš

һ⣬˷ףôۣ۾µһת緹ʳ׾ͳˣ

С⣬ãܻԼԼĴϡݹСһӡ

治Ӷ棿
ʡ

֥Ŵнͷȷϣ
˵ӾͲӣǳԴӣ

ˮ󣬴ϴˢɾ
壬С𡣡

֣
ɰѻʣ֥ˣѿ͹ٵķ
л
Сѵݣͷʹ֥ۿɫˣ
С𣡡
ǻһ̹ˮſٵ
𡣡

ζƮ˳
֥㣡
վŹﷺŽɫţˮʼˣ

»ġ
֥ﵹ͡׾ơн⡢ϣٷţЩϵζ˳ˮ
㿴Ź˾Сţ׷׷źóԣ

׷ζζ֥ÿӴ˰ѰӺܲ½ȥӽȥ˺ö꣬Сš

Ǳζżϴ˹
ɣ̳ӾƳү롣

֣
ɲ˰־ܻݴӰ±һ̳ơ

үүһȥˣԣ
֥ѻϨˣֽΧȹҪߡ

ȵȣ
ס˸ʢһ룬
ѵո⣬ȥҲӸˣ

ллүү
ôõĲˣ֥ûоܾһСˡ

ͼӳԵͣûŻ˺óԣ
졭һŰɣ
ָͷûԹأ

УһҾȥ򣡡
ӾͶٺٵţ극Ծʰư裬ǿиɾŰѴֱֵҡβͣ

Ϊžͺܺóˣ˭֪ϵǶһԺ˺ܾò˯£İƤһҧȥ͵ڣ
үүһ㣬ʮӣٳһٵˣ

Լͷ緹֥Ͷұ˰ӣҲͬһСӣ緹ܶࡣ

˭֪ڶϴֻ߸ˣü̯ʮżŲڼңǺóԵĿɾȹİԼһֱĴȣ֪үΪɶ˽ʮˣ
Լİøӣֻܵͷϡζֱ꣬Ҳ֣ǹɴζզأ





39.     

֥϶û뵽ϻô, ֪ݱ, ⼸ĺûʳԵĶȥϱˣ

緹󣬹֥ûŻؼңľһţ򵥵ͰҪʱĳԡ

ëëҲ˹Լ˼ֶŮķͰѶӴ˹

Ҵ򵰣
֥İѿӵݸëë
ĳԣ

ëë۾һ, ԹԵǰҺ

ۡǡ, һһӽҺɽӹʹ, չ̽ͷһ, Χأ

ʲô

үү, ը黨, 黨ͷţǸɻ˿ӡ

Ǻúӣ
̩

үү
ëë縺أ֥Ҳ˶䣬ⶼ, Ҿ͸һӣǰǵȥصģզˣ

ˣ
, 
Ҿȥӡ

ëë죬Ҫ˵ɶ֥סС, 
ëëŤ̫ˣ㣡
ͯ޼ɣëë¾仰ǡҲŲأ

֥ը˺ö黨ëëԼðһݣը黨ʢŵ̨ϣˣɲ˷ˡ

һУһͷһţ黨һ֥Сߦ棬;Ƭӵ
պŨŨպˮһ㶼壬ٳһƬԵĶů

ҹڴշתϱˣϱ˵ﲻҪȥ 

ֲ˼Ҫϱȴ֪Լǰ˼ҲˣһǴֶţﲻеģ˵ΪԼأ

ҴɩǸˣϱ˵ðų⣬ɩСӻ㲻ԼӶùõĿû¾Ͱų˸⡣

ϿͷҲģŷº˱ˮͱСˣΪɵºֵĺܲ죬ÿγ˹ϲ¶ԷȻҲǣһŪֻñŰϡ

ˣȥ͸ɸǷӣǰͷֳȥ
Сͷߣû֨Ͼ֪ҵͬˣ
ɹҲʮˣۺúøѰܸɵϱͰѻ¸ˡ

ڿ˿ڣ
᲻̫ˣ

ҸģŮש۴мҲģĶ

ȥú£»ͬС

ҵȻ֪ʡԺĺòõԹǣ
˵һ
ɼҵĲּҵҪ˼Ҫô
ΪԼҪǲ֪ߵغΪһôõģ

ϵĺڵ˼ҺȻ޴棬ŴɣһûΪϱˣһƣ첽ȥף
Ҳǲĥһ𣿶ȥˣ
Լûڼǽ

ӱΧżûͦȺһðŭܾһܡ

СڵϺˮΪĵ
ſڰԺٲ棬ɶóԣ

óԣ
ϵĻһ
˭֪ɺóԣȶ㲻֪𣿡

ۼֲǳԲ𡭡

ûȥƿ׸ףûã棬׾ʡˣֻ˵ڴ̳Ӻ󣬲ŵſ̳ӱϣ
أ
վָ
ǵˮˣ

أ
Ҫ谡һվ̨ϰը黨˹
ըЩЩܳˣ

۾ˣȥ˼ӣһӼȥˣЩ컹£Ｗ֣
أ

˲ҶǺó԰
Сţζζ֥ǻĥųأ

ڵӣǿɶԼģһԼͰܼˣǴɼҶûԷһԼģǰһ
~~
ŵ۴޵Сܵ˶ܼ߿࡭

֥ڼɫĸ׵ŭʹļףﰵˬʹͲԣ´λ
֪𣿡

֪Ƕûиġ
ҡͷһµ˵

֥źһʼ磬ȴ
Ҫúñܣ֪˿ɱô

ţǶ˵ģ
ɿͷĳԻԿʼѿˣĵ
֥һǺŰԺ᲻ᶼԲˣ

ֲүүԼղˣ

һûѧᣬյʱҵǶˣԼղá
ûɶŵĵ

⻹ð֥
û£Ҽҽ㣬ѧˣүү϶򡣡

ĵͷ
ǵǣҵҲϲš
ѧԺᱻɼҲ֪᲻ڡ

Żؼҵĵڶ͵ȵɣһ˵˸Ϣ
ﱾպʳøǷּңǰּҲصõպŷ֡

޷ҲԲ˶ʳ
泩ˣֱĸڼҷЩۣԵ˿ˡ

ǰſյĲæеĿӶţЦģö
ڼҺúýײ˺Ժһѧֲ˵ġ

ĵͷȴɫϱʲô˼Լôһûѧᣬؼͽ̻ˣ

˲ĺϲĿɣæָЮ˿ӲˣСȰο
㶼æˣԵ㡣

ʰʱСĸĸҲ
ǰɩɩڼʱ;Ÿɫʵûɶһֱ˵ϡģ
ǺͶһ̳ģϱĻһģһϱŲأĸ׵Ļ
Ҫ˵Ķϣǿɼá

ܿ죬յ˸ðܴéݶĻƣ˵ǰɷּң
ҲãҿүүǮǻǲ
֥СӺߺߵȴȻӶҲиôۿһͶʧϻһĵĶˣôأҲãһ룬ԼǷּҵķӦܼǮˡ
***
ܼôæϼͷ˵ļ£οԼ¿ǸŸë¿ᶫôˣ

ʵ⹫˵ҲûǼǿʮɽһæһ£Ϊֽ糵Ǻ«кƬ˸߼ۣһɽ˱һͭǮĿ׵Ķɹ̫ʡˣӦı˼ҵɽͲô

ֵɢʱ䣬ɢʱǰˣ̯ʼԼλɨˣ֥˶С̯λɽۿ̯էȥҪȥѾʼ˴˦
ʮһɽ􆋣

Ҫɽˣ
㻹ҪƬ
²

һһɡ
ԽԽ䣬Ǻܷźóʱ䣬οǺƬûԥľ͸ŮȥǮĹѾĲĳɽǺ«Ů̯ϣͿ˶ѳһɽ
ģզ˵Ҹţ

⹫զԼĻ
֥СԴ¶⣬
ǺƬôЩȥġ

ɽǼɽԼľԴѽ

֥㿴̳ӿ𣿡
ϱﱧһ̳ӿ˽

СԵģ
֥վְŽ
壬Թ©©ˮ𣿡

Թˣ̲˵̳ӴҶ֪صģһˮ©㿴ŸҲʵûɺˡ
Сĵİ̳Ӷѵõݼһʡ·۵ˡ

Уʰ̯Ӱɣûȥˣ
֥ɢĶգ¸׺ͣŵ¿ϡ

ʰתͷ
ף⹫أ

أ
°ͳǱˮɽ̯ӵ˵㡣
ɽǼʣĺ̯ǰɨأ






40.  æй   ɪ

ɪ, Ҷ׷Ʈ䵽ϣͨǵĸϳ·, ڳеһ¿ϴүĶԻ
˵죬ɱ
֪Ҫѧһ㡣
ľֳű˦˸죬ӦŮ

ׯˣľ¿ս˴С·ֱֶӼſ, 
챧һ¿, ʹԺӣ
֥, 

ԺŪëߵĹ֥ϲĻͷ
, үү
ë, ӭ˳ȥ, ȴûӵǱԼСܣܱʣ
硢ɩأ

纮, 糿ԺѾˣﻥŲëߣһ˽һ, æëһţһۣûùõӰ, 
죬û𣿡

еæȸٹ
˾İ
ɩסѧ֯ë

ҿɸˣ
ЦŴţ
֣
ϴɳףסϣСѾ֮ͬˣ

֥¿ϰľӣ
үүҵȥɽϿˣҵȥ

úú
ľ˩ͷŰ¿ϵĶ
Ҫľ̲Ҷ˼үүͶүү͹ȥҲҵķߵļҳļҡ
⻰Ƕӭĳ˵ģ˵һţ̾뿪ˡ

ȥֱ˵ǸһҲûԷɩźϱЦͦÿ־뾩ǵ⺢ĲӭڲزסⷹγԵȥ˱һľȥ˶ң˭תͷҲСˣ
Ҳմ⣬úú

˵ɶȥϱ೴ˣϱ˸ۣʱû䷹˵ģƣ
***
÷緹ҲûŪˣֻòë򣬹֥Ѿһɫëˣ˵ůͣһϸ·ҲˣҪë߿㣬ԼܹæⲻҲŰæˡ

ëϸ޻ɱ˶ˣֱ֮ﷴҲǸԼ˶֯һǺôҲ滻

ģ
ֳë˳Ŵһεģ
Թˣëůģ֥˵ȼаůͣҲܣë߹ϣ³ź͸硣

Ժ°֥ܵԱ߰æͨͨëߣ
֥û뵽㻹Ⱦɫ

Ҳ֪ЧզȸԺҪϴһ飬˵һˮɫ͵ˡ

ģ
ģ
㿴ˢǺֽһǽϷ紵ɹģ׻ɫأ
ϣ֥Ǽǵ컨ֱȾģǲ֪ëɫˡ

ͷ
֥ͷӹһѣæֽͷһһͷȾš˹Ȼ̵ܵϣ
ãǵԺëǧˮϴϴԺҪɣͲϲһ

ô
ѧӰë̯ϣԼˡ

ëմˮ̫ˣ㵽ʱһ¡
֥ƤЦš

ȴϵ
ǻЦҲŲأ

쵽ˣܻ˼ǣ¿ţɽ´ִѾɽ⵽·¿ʡҲǺõģʱë;ͽԺӣǽ

ҵĻˣﷹζҲˣһĴ׷̰ɫˣһƣ۶һɨ⡣

Ժɹ̫ЪЪߴߴ֯ëµͷԼһɩĵıадɩ˵ĸҲ֯һëҲ֪ëߺ÷ģ֯ȴķѹҪֵԼ괺춼һ

֥ʱ䣬˳ëߣæȥ
֥֯ëѧ𣿡

֥һ֣û˵֯ë±ԼԱˣĻ´ͷ
ѽֻҪѧĻУ붼ĥġ

֥Ҳûſ׬ǮΪ̫ѹˣԼëߣ֯ȥûɶ˼˵֯ë¾һ㴰ֽûбܵ

ˣʰι͹Щ˺ë߿ʼ֯ë´ѧá

Ȼ֥һ֯ëµţ岻ֿ죬ѧŤ
С̣㿴
ָǶ黨С̿
嶼֯黨ʤ

ң
м
֯ˣ
˵Ż˸ۣ˲֪뵹ȥ𣿻֯

Ŀ߿Ǳߣ֪˵ɶˣȷʵ֯ˣ͵ƻ谵вŷָ֣Ť˻ȥǹ֥˵û仨Լе㷢ա

С̣밡
ָ֥Ƕ仨ʼƣ
һ仨ŵǼһŵĻأ廨һ

һѰǴõ˽ǰֶǴ֯Χʼխխؒʺֻ֣֯ܿŤһ룬ӺŤŤȥ黨˼ΣΧһӻ
֯ƽɣ֯ˡ

ʦֱͷӹʵʵԺÿԼķ͵ƶȸ֯һڶԼģëһеԣĴ͸ůͣһıͣ궼ûˣٵë㴩ϣû춼ѹˣ
ǺҲᡣ

ʱǳεǳǳľһ˸õĹߣƬҪˡ

Сë¿֣ϰĥ˿ʼĥתȦȦ֭Һ˳ĥ˴ľԺһľӣѾһḷ̌ǰŸ׿̺õıϸŹأ
ͣ
ưһֺˣŵͼɹš

֥С»̲̳ӶˮϴѾɷ̨ϣõˮѡɽžͱҨ̳
ˣ
֥ſ쵽ƿˣæͣԼѸѸٸϣǵҪΪ˷ֹӰܻҪ̳γһ״̬ʮȵ¶ȱﵽ

̳ܿӾװˣ̵̹ġ

壬
֥⺰һɤӣ
ҷӣ

ˣ
һߵúͺõĻСĵİ̳ӺʵʵģĨǽ

Ǳ߳ѹʣµɽӽ˽ʹ֥
Щզ죿

ֳַˣ
֥ҳ룬ͷÿ˷ˮֵĺȺ

䰵ɫĺˮ︡ʢû͸ˣȴһζ˵ƬԶ˻е壬ˮȴδһһ˶һ붼Ե̵ģ
ʵͺܺóˣﻹҪ̳ﰡ
ֱȥҲİɣеˮ

ûóֻиóԣ
֥ƷɽˮһЦ
Ǿ֪
ǻǽѲһʱĹͷŸζζζࡣ





41.      

Ĵ, ˺ܶİףı, 붬ǰ׬һʣǱů޻ģȻܹ

峵һһ򿪵鲼¶ѩ׵޻̯꺺ӣӦ̵֥Žż޻һ, Ա, 
ֵܣ޻Ǯһ
һٶʮġ
֥ǼǮҪ, ǧٰ֣ʮĶ, , ֳɵİɣ

޻̯ӿ̯Ϲһ޶, ֥˰Ʒ
޶Ǯһ
һʮġ
̯һԷޣǸĴ, ûɶŹ֥СѾͷҲģ
ǴӶϵ, ˿ɣ˿ǲЩǼǮҪܶ࣬ЩϷ޻ȸ, ޱʡ

֥ϽϼּϵСģǻȥԼģ澹Ȼǲ˿ֽ޵Ʒеడ
ֲԼΧû˼޻ޱҲûټȴԭ󲿷ִ޷Ǳޡ
Խһתֵȥ޻̯ӣŽż֣⳯
ү޻е𣿡

ǸСѾͷǺ̧ͷͷĻһɤӣ
ûУ

֥תһȦ˫ֻԼ̯λϣѾˣ˿׽Ҳϣ̫С·ߣСɵĹ̡ᡢԲҲзģżмɫƤ׺У

֥Լ̯ŲСһλӣһ𵹿ףľһһϸ鲼ţ¶һǷۺɫĺƬɾֿɿڡ

Աһĵɫֽһϸϸⶼѧҩͷ֥ͷСӷŵֵλã;ǰһڣ˹˿̧ͣͷ¶ϲ
ү
ǰվŵľȻǰε֣үæһ̺Ƭǰһݣ
ģ

֣ºЦĿ۵ѾͷͷԱԳԵСƬӵ
Ƭôˣ

ں˲ֵٰڸ̯ӣ
֥ЦеģС̴ĺΡ

ҳ

֣
֥ӦֵĸһһݳӹͭǮָ˻ȥ
ʮһһ
ӹ˻صͭǮ֣µͷ뿪̾Ȼ޲ôСĺǮ侢Լǿ

ºƬѾЩ󲿷ֶǰͣվ̯ǰԳԵı߱ߣģ˻ԣһͲͣĵ
ҳ
˵ͳʮǮ

ӹǮ˵ߣǸپͶ֥ۣӵűߵСһ̵ֽϣļƬϳƣ
㿴Ƹ߸ߵġ

Ǹ˵ţ
ĳӣѾͷʵϡ
ӻ̽һۣ֥ųǸһǳȾͻ棬ӸĿɸˡ

ﶼ⣬֥ͷ³ӿʼһݸ˳˾䣬
Ҫĺӣ˯ǰܳԣһҪڡ
Ϊɶ
ͬɻ

֥СģڳĽ͵
ΪݺãеʳҪ˯ǰԣݻ᳤ӣ

ȻΪ
һ˾
˵ҼƤСôʹҿǿˣԭǱǸˣ

֮˷۵
ҲԸģʮ꣬һĲˣԭģ
ģҶûⷽ룬ϡĲˡ

Ȼֻԭˣ
֥Цզɫˣ
д۵ˣ˵ϰ߲ãˮڲȥӴԺڵģ
Զڼ￴ҵĳϾһء


ͷ
ϰ֦պˢȻϸоζ
Ҳǣ˯ǰ˯̤ʵ

㿴ɣݺõԭ򡣡
֥İæӭ˵
ֻҪ˯ǰ𴲶ˢ϶أ

Сã
Ǹ˽ӹƬޣ
һȥԺƤСڷǴƨɿɣ

˵뿪ˣϢʱҪһĿڱҪȥׯ⸸ŮľӪ⼯ѾЩˣ

***
䣬ͽ£ 
ҹĻҵݴŽգŷ͸Щ⣬̿裬м͵ƣΧˣͷæĺܣҪˣһ͸Ǯһܲץס

и뷨
֥еĿ̵̧ͷ
µļֿϰɣŶүүţվԱߵļȥǣǱ춼Ǽ߶ȥֽֽ껭

᲻С˵㣬Ҳİ
ʮһ꣬ﻹǸӣԼſԣû˸±۸

磬ȥϼ
ȴ£ֻù֥̫ˣ

ҪҺһȥɣҲͦˣ
룬ǲǫ̧ͷŽԼ

ûµģ⵽ףɸĽѲģ˭¡

ԼһθϼΧϼ٣ʵٵ壬
аɣվߵļЩҰйٱţ˿鲻ðѶ˶ûɶǧΪǮ¡
ǰҲʮϼǶʮ˶ʮȴǼʱԼҲˣֻӦҲûɶ

***
¿˴үү飬ũмŶȥЩ޲Ժǽ԰ĻɣҪˣЩС˼Ҷ·ӣ¿һõéݣǸѧεı෨
סéݵ˼Ҳ٣ϸǳѩҲв˼ݶҸݶһ¶ûУΧھӶ׷׺Ҷȫ֡
׺ӿ֥Ǵéݾͽ͵

ͦõģéݵĽʵҲ߷ˡ
ϸǳѩȷʵǹ֥ѩˣѩûϥǣһ춼ûԺӣׯ˲ٷӣȴû뵽ҲˣéݶôܼԱҲǴ󹦵һ

¸¿ɲǸʡһĺ£ͷϴ˸Ƥñӣһ£¿

˾ǣ֥ӹýı˳

¿ͣӻ̡

ʯҲڣǰһɵƣλֵȷʵǸģɵƵɫԽԽʣԵ뵣Լӵ˵СӶˣСǻǮ󷽰
֣ԼҪˣһϰɡ
Լװֽ¨Ӵ򿪣óԼ׼õһʱ¾ϲģʯΪ⣬ȴǸֽ򿪺ֱۣԼ뵽ģֻΪλֵȴԭ˼ҵ֣

ӹֽãŲӺţ
㲻ϲ𣿡
ʯſڳкһ
񻭵Ŀر𣿡

ʱǳĽŲƿ߽һ⣬ƫüۿȻͨŹʯһĴɤŶųЦ˴ȸ
ҺɵƵ壬ȴԭϲǻֽҲġ

תͷԵõüëҪ 
ҵĳ䡣
Ǿ깫أĸ˵ȨӣпݴĶӡ

ʩһЦݵȻ룬
壡

ǹҹӵķίʵۣæһ
Сɾ

֥Դ˽ӣ͸оӶ˶ˣϧǸеģŮԼͿԺƤǰ׽˵ûŮ

ȵĿ⣬˹֥ͦͦ󱳣һ¶Цݣ
Сã

ѵʱ˵Ĵкʽ䵭Цͷ
úã
֥ϵЦһˤⲻܺˣ

⸸ϲԼĻֽԼδ껭ȫڳʯӹĦҰȤĻһģɫңˮīó˵һζ䰤ſһ飬Լеһϸ
ףҴȥϸϸĦǮ壡

ѽСϲţ
ĿҪǮƹͭǮ˻ȥ
һҸ˻أ

ʯЦŶƹĵͷλֵ¿һ㶼£

ôˣ˭㲻ˣ
ӻ̣ͷ¿ŮС;ϸߣЦʵ

ҾҲͦŵģûôҡ
˼Ҳ
Ůֱ֣
ҵ˼ң

ߣ
֥Сһߣһ¿һߴٵ

Цߵ¿ǰͷӺĺͬȥɵһж¿ϵĶûôռطˣ˾˾˼Ҳʡļ͡





42.  ȴƵ   ԿԼ

ԿԼİɫˮƯļԱɫĺ, ΧһȦԼ΢ЦļˣʶĽ, ﰵ⣺µĺỹأ

үү԰ˣ
֥ǺүүԥԱߴߴٵ

һ˵ΧĴ˶ͷˮˣĺ𰡣

һͷԸԥˣԴӵ˴֮, ľǿ˲, ܸоһӶڵſԼ֣ɲԵĻ, Ǻӵһ⣬ԼܴӵТ, СĵҨһ, ȷŵӱ, ûǹɳǵζ֮Сĵһڣ
ۣ
۾˲һſһ˿, ƢˬֱƢθ

ĺ𣡡
δĻζζſտյף
ٸʢһ롣

ǻ, ˡ
֥Сһ̯ʾԼΪ

Ц߹һգ
˶պˣ, үůůӡ
ӵôõĶһٸˣϱʼˡ

Ѿ˯һԼİ̯ƻ˾һһ˵Է˴ɵļֽмŴСڵϸϸ鿴һҶһܣϷĴ֣ϲˡ

˾ˣ⼸ʽǹ֥ģǰҲûⴰ˷ڷ滭ͼ󲿷ֶҪС̵٣ȴǰľϸ˺ܶ࣬ȴֺ֪

ھǶ¹߸·Ҳ㲻ںò⼸ţҲ޷
ֱ֥ͷľþүүһܺõĳߣڹԼȷʵûɶ츳ˣ˶һҲ֪ʱиţ֪ʱŻǺܺеġ

ΪҪڵ̯ޱޱҲûŹ֥˵ֻѴɩԼ֯ëŵ˺þãʺţȴշתο˯ĺĹ֥סҪӵ֡

ڶһ磬ŸСȥ˴ţһţͿһͬţ
Դ磡
Ŵ磡
ԴһۿСӣŻ˹ѹѵ
⵨ӿɲСλ˿ɶأ

żȻһʳλͬųʡ
ͬȴû뵽³

Դһʳ۾һСת۾֣
ȴ⾩ǻûԹʳ

ˮеģҲֳɵģվд˴ЩСʳֻǽŴ߯С˵㣬һźӣǲ˼

˺ΧͬǴ񣬶˲ĺڣ֪ˡ

ŴˣаʮĸСøʳĿɱҴŰ

ŴˣҼСŮҪм⺮¿ûɶʵĹ֮ģ㿴

ﰵһȺղҪ
***
㻹ǰڵ̯ɾļоǸ֥һ־Ʒеĸоһ̯λѾȻҪʮģ
Сָλ÷ӺǮϲɱ¶˼ʹɫ

˵ġǱֻҪģ̯ӴһȻ̯λҲҪһ

̯λѵСµͭ壬бӣǽǮʹķ϶˵䡣

Χһۣ
Ҫڰµ̯ӣ̯λÿ춼ɣ

СһӺͳһľƣһһѮӣ
Ѻʮģ㲻˵ǱСǮ

˰ǮľƬƬ˸ľƣǺôֱӹϣС£ͷŮ̯֧ϹһĲӵһϵĺŴ򿪵ڻֽʱһ嵶ȴõڶʱŮסˣ
ֽһһãʡõĶ˳ۡ

İĺֽ˻ȥ𼸸ֻ߳ܵı߽ôӴȥӿ͹չϣ߸ߵӼǸŮ治ô䣬ֲڵϼ˵Ŀ⣬Ҫ⼯д£˷纮׬ǮͲˡ

һٶǰھ˹ⶼǳϼģôû뵽أ
ǹ²ӣ
е֪̯ǲǹشѵҲΧ

һ뼰صϺҡͷЦǺǵģ
ⷨӲѧأ

ǰĸϼҶϺȿˣŶഩ·ȴӡ

ⶼҹŮģ
Լȣ󷽷ĺܻ䣬
ȽŲã˵ʲôѪʲôĸܺⷨӡ

뿴ǹɵ̯ӵСӣһĸƵģ۾զզϻۣ׷¶Ľ֮ɫ
⸣ںͷأ

һͷ׵үүת̯ǰ˰ѺֽƷ쵽ǰһۣɫͦεģ
СѾͷֽǮһţ

ʮһţһСġּֽ
֥˵żǮϸ۲˵ɫ״ֽʮһţ֪Լͷ˲

Ҳھˣȸ㿪ţŰɡ
ԼдĲŶҲ԰һ£кùŮۼҲкġ

үү⿪Ҿ͸ġָ㣡
֥˵˸Żݡ

Ȼǳ뷹ģ
үӹСѾͷõĺֻֽˡ

Ŀţϼ˶֥ʪ׺Լָֽ֣ͷɺͨͨˡ

ʶ˹Ȼ࣬׵Ļֽͼֽĺܣ֥мǱصĴдŲ۵ĳߵģΪɶô϶أ
ʮģ
Ĳ˼ǾǾ̫ˣǮٶ죬۵ġ

ⴰĸһɵ²ٹżҲһʮšʮŰɡ

ҪĶ֣ʮһţܹİġ
̯˵˼ǮСѾæǰͳһɰǮӹŮġ⡯ļֽһ
ˣҲ͸ף

ии
Ǹϲ̵ĽӹȻ͵ļֽԼĺãǺÿڲʰ
Χǲڵһ˵۾֥Ҳ˺ܶڣ޷ڸǣֽŵֽ͵߰ʮ̯ǰפˣ˵ȳӡ

֥ųǮҲģɫδʱأʹյ׶ߵ
ǽ̯ɣ

Ž˶ˣһʱ˵δŮ˼
⻹δأ

ĵĿһַ򡣡
֥̯ѹͭǮװǮӽȥʯͷһΣͭǮײŷġ

װӣŮ˵Сĵһ飬ŵһ⡭

еĽľΧһ̯ӣƤΧһһԼ̯ӵķ򣬸ôԶܸоݺ̰

ķƵذ˲ޱȣԼ̯ӵģ

˶·һĿӻ̡

Ѹ˳Ů˼·̧ͷӻ̵ķνֽʣҲ㣬ǼֽͻֱֽӺԲƣ 
ͰˣȻȥ˵

ã
ֱͷŮ
֥׷ˣǧңֻȥٲ

֥ЦˣôηٲֻϣԼˣ۾ɨŸϼȺҸݵľͺˡ






43.     ѩ

ѩ졢켴̿迾Ҳ, λε̫Եøʣʱ, ͰλΣ̰ͣҲóЩʳʳɵľֻε˼ϡ

ʱϼȴɢȥ˺ܶ࣬Ǹľ˷ؼ޷ˣԵ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ֥Ҳᷢǲ

Ҳл⾩, ǹ˵Ϊ, ֥飬ҵܴ򱧲ƽѡ, ǴȻԵõĲϱһ, ˵Ҳûѹ, ؼǺϿ浶׵Ĺټӵܣ˵, ھԼ̯ǰĵϣȥķԼ˳·

ȸλӺ棬Щ˲, ۾ǹǰߡ
λ˵Ǹˣ֥ȱԼС¨վ
װͭǮĹ˵Ѱһװ, ߵһקѰൽһ㶼ۣϼ˺ɵϰ, ǮʱӽűߵСٳ˲עʱװǮһ֣Ѱһ£ǽˣ

һ뿪̯ӣǱ̯ŵƤվ
ȳӾȻˣ
׬Ǯôף
׷

ƤԼ̯ǰ󲽿Щϸϼ˶ͷ̾ϢһէĸŮҪԸ

߶ֹƷ࣬Ǳ߳ʳ̯߹׼ˣȥĸҪ߶绹λԼΣɵļӿ˲ӣȴ˼ٵĽŲɵԱһŸмµ·˭֪ܹȥȴЩ֡

һСѾͷһȳӣȺű¨ܹ˭֪⻹û꣬ˡӼٴıɵĲͷͫ΢Լˡ

һз·ڵʯ֮䣬о׷޽ңҪֻоһɴײԼĸ첲һӾ֣ųƿܣȴһЦԼȰ

֥ΪԼߺٲɸˤڵصѸٻͷеĶһ㶼ڣǮѾ֣ˤڵص˾Ȼһţ޵ѡ

û뵽ԼƤӵ¾˶ˣһʱŭͷϱŵĳת˲õ˵ϣ
ž
ƤһӴڵأһŲȵϣ
컯գӽ£ȻնǿСү

֥ûץס׵ĸ첲ĵʵ
û°ɣ

û£
һֳŵղˤԼȽŲãμŮĻƲ֣Լ֣ɾǸˣҪȴֵѪһ
֥ˣ

û£
ĵİǩ˲أ
ܲСĲƤҷ

һֳŵһֱŮվƤѾСӵסˣһǳһŵ߹ȥʩһ
лλСɾ

ԵõĻͷһ治Ҫϲ
ôǣ

Сɾǣ
δʵ벻˭ǻơ

֥ҲͶɻĿ⣬Σûʶ˰

۾֥ʱԾãõԺԽԽңԽԽãüѵ


ǡ
֥մѪֶģһմѪƾüͷ˲õĻ䣬ΪԷᷭˣǶԼм㣬û뵽Ѿͷȴ˵˾䣬
զݳˣ
ⶼʲô˭֪Ļ֣
֪ˣݵģȻҪһǵһǡ

֥֪˭󶨣عˣû񣬶ǰĿתƤϣ˸ô

˾Ȼʶ
Ǵͷۺһ羢֪ãŬСǰ̽̽ӣĵĵ
λСɾС۲ʶ̩ɽˣ㿴ҲǾϻˣ˽ΣǰǮӻλ硭


һưѴյǰƤƿHģȻԼ뿪Ů꣬һͷ
ȥ

ͷһŮ֥һͷѾ˵λŶӵĸѾپƷ⼸ƤǿӣȻο϶ҪεģȻѾˣԼҪóݾȻԺԼ

µž͸٣
֥С

ţ
֪͢ɷǰǿ̵ģǴȷʵԼǮӣ˾˽ԼһЩӣԽѸٶ

׸
ͳܾǺΧţƤŽ˴ãһνϵĲĸ֮ˣץסֲһˣĵĿשɵĶ֪

֥ڱשϣĵһͷȻǡûãԼһ¹ůͣ

ͬʱԺʹſڶ˰ȱˣǹٸŶڳǣ׸úܿӭ˴ͺԺѧʿˡ

ǻƤɲֻˣֻǾСආѣ˽ţǵĴͷԬյϢʹֵܵſڣĸ۵أϷ

磬ǶµźּСӣ
ñµԬϴμһԣ

õĹȨ֪Źٲϵڴϣ
ºˣ

һһǾ˾˵ĻʲôʲôĪҪϻ
ߵʦү۾ⲻǣԱߵĲͷһۣԼû

ǿǮӣкα⣿

һ򶨵ĽƱ
ǮǲԼģ·λֵʱСһ£Լȳˤˣթǡ

˭֪жǮ

ΪѵҡͷŮóһ֣㲻ˡ

Ƥϵ⣬
ˣû

ãǽǰãȴź洫ĽŲ
μ̫ӵ£
񣡡
̫ӲѵǰĬĬţһѵԼΰΪ֮أԼһǶܲԺ̸¡

ʱ̧֥ͷλڳʵ
ˣŮ˵𣿡

ǿȻȨ

ˣжǮŮҲֻ֪ҪӣǮ˭һĿȻȻŮԼд
ǽܹĹңڹֻһЩ֥Լֽдһǧһǧ֮仹ʯͷ

ԱǸֵдǧңͶ̯ˣ˶ٻһǮǷŵǮģ˵Ҳ֣ôװǮأ

һǰ⿪ѰӿʵǸʹ˰ѾŴ򿪣۾ڿʱһ㶣ζĿ˹ԱߵһۣǹͭǮ֮ͻĵȳи˿һۣͭǮȭͷСʯͷǵĺֽƬƬǮ˭һĿȻһͷָ£
øǿһۣ

ǲµģ⿴ֵĶһۣɫһίڵأȺ۷׷ף

ȷʵû뵽

ʱ䡢Źȳǡ˾ǵͷ΢Цȷ֤ðǳʻ

˭֪תۼίٵӺȻһͦ
ˣԩ
תָԱ߹ŵĸŮָǱվŵСӺ
˱ʶ˴ζݺǣ





44.  V   ºһ


ļֱ, ô޳ʳָָƤʹƿڴ滤һһסˣ߼, 
ӣʻܻأүѾˣǧĪң
ҹÿҪӵģûǶ٣ȴ賤

ԹԱ죬⻤Ҳ̣˵Ļȥģءͷ, ǻ, ɫ֪ĻǱͨ죬, ֻŷһǸƤȥ

ˣ
̧֥ͷ, 
λڿ˵ǸŮλΪ, ϻı, Ҷ֪ıͼҵλ壬ͼʲô

֥СԴתһˣһЦ, 
ͼҲ᣿ͼͼѧ峵ͼò˰


һıЦü۵ˣɶͼİǽЦЦˡ

ֱɵ, 㶵ĿСѾͷôСĺӣȴͱ, ĻһʱҲ

ǻش𲻳ΪǸͺ޼ֵ
֥ĻһУһһ
ȴ֪ͼǵǮ

֥˵˴ģָˣ
ֻôһǮǿ˾ȣԼֻ벻Ͷȴû׬Ǯжѣ

ȦʱСԴһܣɳȴ
ǿ֪һŰֽǶɽһͷһͷһһݣ־Сĥɸɹѹƶɣֱǧɽ˵Ҽңֽǰ͵ģҪǮ֪𣿡

µ˶СС˴һʱѻȸȺͨպС̷һʱɣĸȦźˡ

ϵġվŵģѧʶ֮ˣǶֽУ⻰Ƿ·صٶʱ׬Ǯȥֽֽ֮ףҪúö顯

Ⱦɫĺ컨ũ񲮲һεκˮֳģɽɽðűҰϮΣһÿڳģǻǮͶʵģ
˵˴Ħǰ򿪵ĺֽߣ
ֽɺֽҪñˢһʱˢģһŷŵ̫ɹһѹòܻǮģÿһͭǮǵѪۺһͭǮ֪Ǯô˵ѪǮƾʲô
˵˴һСŭͨ죬˵ĻҲ˼ֲȴһɱ
ƾֺС¡ó޵ܾͰˣȴ޷죡
ڵ˵꣬ŴͿͷˮ£ǿűʵ
˸Ů

ԣƾʲô
˵̫ˣ޷죡
˵ӾܹϢ
ܹϢ

ȺˣСѾͷÿ仰˵ǵĿǶͨİգÿճϢÿǮ֮ף߬涼ԼѪЩΪǮӱ͵ġɱģ˲ޣ

ʦүյȨ֪˶ߵ
ںãҪУ

΢΢һɫϵʾ⣬ʦүæԼλãóëպīˮʼܱʼ顭

Ԭ£ŷñ˳Ⱥһǰ
磬̫ӵ¡䡢źֶڡ

Ԭ໺ųصĲӣⰸᵽ˲õϢһ̲ס
磡ǣ

Ԭҡͷһ̾
˰ɣ

ֵ¶֮ɫ
Ǹöˣ

Ԭ䣬Լô궼ƣѾͷݣԼû𣿷Ҫ޷ϣĿɷĿѹ˭Ҹѣ
ļ𣿡

ղŴ¶Ŵ˵׾˾ˣǶŴ˰ǰǾ׸참˴¡

аѱ

ֻǸССںǶû
ʵǲмȥ㡣

ǰǰһƷԼеǷǸĿڹڲͬϵĸŮҲͬЩĿʶֻܣ
죡Ǽһ·Ȼ
ԬñԵųɱ⣬ӸԼھǾӪô꣬λֲء

ǣ
ֵæͷӦֵܿɱûϴǰΪ˵ֻܹմۡ

ϣȴϴ˵У֥ڸߣͷСС
ǴǮǮ͵þã۲ϡǵ㰹Ǯ

ᡮšһǮԼҲòŮȫˡ

֤֤ڣȨ֪˵̣иǮ⳥ݺ
л˵ıϰлλСӺλʿĴ򱧲ƽлλ˵ִԣ
˻ʩһ
ղŮ˽ѣʧǮѱ׷أҵλ֮ʿûܵ˺Ҿźкñ˷еǮ⳥һĶҪԸ׾֣˳ȫ

Ǿ׾֣
˻һ־һȴû뵽Ů˵ã׸г㣬ȮŮϲۣ

ǹڵϵ˿ԼѺ飬Ĳʾ⣬ֱǰһڣû뵽ⲻ۵ĸŮ

ϣѻȸֱǰõ̫ӵ²Żλ£
ⰸӺ˼λ˼Ȼͷβﶼһ飬ͷһӸ£

***
ŮһôþͿλܣǰӹǵı¨һһӵǣ
Ǽˣۿؼҡ

ղڴ϶Ѿͷһݸˣ˴þǳѾͷкö໰ʣȴĹܼҺסˣ
ӣү̻ؼң

֥Զڰ֣Цݲã
Źӣټ

ʶҲӻӣ
һлأ

ӣ˵ز˾лۻȥԼʱ䡣
ĴѲһȦЦһ㾯ĶûУڽ֮ǸгģҲûӵƣԼȥӦúý

ۿǳѾͷѾˣֻԴ˹ܼҴĽӡ

վǱ𶯣
϶һͭŵż棬һ˦ܿȼ˻
ȥȥ

ǽţޱޱվһֶһƿӣһһ֦ÿдʣԽţ
ȥסּӳֹĴˮ

ӷˮ𣿡
֥Ĭ˾䣬ýݸȽϸɾ

˭֪⻹û꣬Ź֥СԴοţ
ëŲţ˰ǶȺЪЪ

ֱŽ˼ţҲû˵ɶŴ鷿
֮ҲҵûЩĻ֮
˵Цһ
ǰǰҵ˴£ȴû뵽ž֮Ķˡ
Ҳ̲ץȥ̫ˣܾþΰתܴȴ

ιֵ˾˾ˣ
û˿Թϵ
Ȳ˵˾ÿչæ¶ȫ˵ǽ̯ζǾ˵ģ֮¾͵ǸѵջӰŴȥˣ

ȴأ
ۺӣ¶һ˿صЦݣ
ҲǸ˵ģʱȥ˾׸ź֣һλζ벻Ĺˣ

յ˾Լ²¿ʾ֭
̲飿
ү


ҡͷԾŶ죬ЩٵŸ޴ӵ֪Ĳȥ

ǵ̫ӵ£
ԳŻʳǵλһ֣
¶ԾǵΰǳĹע˰УҵȾͽհһӣҲȥôӺδ֣þհҵҲǴһ

Ժľͽ˾˾ôΪ˾ǽѣȥ֮龫ǣֽеĲɣֱֽ֥ˣְϵĺֽһգ
ˣϢɣֽеǣ
Ů뿪ˣ͵ƻ˺ܾãϵֽ˲٣ڶ𴲶е۾

˭û뵽
Ůھһ˾
֥˱˼ҵĺúӣ

ڶһ磬˾˾˼ҵıⵣ˵ȥϣΪԼߵĴæͱⵣᶪʧȴû뵽뿪ʱһģһһ㻹δİ˪

ǵĵٽ̯Цźк˲ò࣬⸸ŮǸݽɫƤ⼯кж꣬Ǵġ

̫ĸˣ˵ȺҲ̯ǰܿΧ˲ǣźӵĸˣʼԼĺʵа
㿴ǸС㣬СС;Ͱż׬Ǯʶֻ˻Т˳

Լô˵⻰֥Ĳ˼ͷСɰͳһСƬ˺һӣøǸëëСк
СܵܣǺƬóԲ

Ск̧ͷĸף
ллС㣡

лС㣡
Скӹֽ֥İֽ
һƬƬģ飬ˡ

Скó˵һƬȸĸףǸֵģ
⺢ҲͳԵʱʵ㣬ƽʱ׷칷Ŀˣ

֥ôӵľʢǼ׽̿ɲǰ׸ɵģ
ûأ

ﺬʵ
ã

ָָ֥Լ
ÿ˶аá

Ǵæ֣
ҿûУ
ʶľǳԺζĳ飬æܾԼЩմߡ

˵˵ûУ
֥ΣǸӣ
Һøҵøᡣ
ԴವתŮһۣᡣ

ֻǱ簡
֥æѸתԴȥЦŽͣ
һó⣡

۾ɴһȦ
Ҳ㣿

֥ǳɷµĵͷ
ǵȻ֮֮飬ԹΪһ࣬кóһ塣
ֺǺǵҵ٩
ƩңҾǺóһ壡

Χ֪ʱΧԽԽˣѾͷûᳶ 
ҲǺóԡ
Ⱥȴв˵ͷԼһġ

˰Ըڼҿдɾ̲ҲҪʡǮòϺΣкôԹΪ
ôһ壡
ȺˣǼҾƶĴĺõĻЦЦһûܱҴա

Դƻкһ塢һ壬ѧһȵȡҾðǿģСʱԸѧһϲգʢľ
֥ûһżֽ棬
ǿҵⴰƯɣ

Ư
û˲ϣ

ҵСǺһ壬ϲֽϲĶ㿴ȽŲãɲȴⰮһӣǸõİá
ͷЦ˫綶Ů̫׵ˣ

˼Щ˼ˣ
ˣͷʦ׬Ǯĺðã

ԶʯߵĳĳһNɪ
˼ǼʶΪİҲǸõİã׬Ǯīֽأ

̼п룡
һ
ʶ֮ʿ˱Ч͢;


ʯͽûס˦뿪ĳӣֻԼǰ˼
ֵܣпȥȲ裡

æվ֣
磬ȥݷã

ˣææ
ʯߺһɤӾ׷ȥˣӱ״С̣ܽһӵأû˼Լɵ

Զ̯ϣλˣԶľӵܣ׵һҡͷ̾Ϣ
ԵĲԩ

ǻãѾͷҲû˵ͭǮۣ
ӰԬ
һȳһŮ˴̯ǾûΪʲôе̡
ǻûУǸŮС֪ˣ

׵ֵǰһ࣬
磬źּСӿҪѵһ£

ž
ǰԵһǺݺݵĶ⣬
ǰ˶ΪʲôģС߶˫۾㲻֪ٿļж˶۾

һߵֵæȰͣ
ϢŭҲļЩŻῼǲܣ

ԬŭǸһۣ
ҹѾٱŻˣЩӷֵǶڼҰȹ꣬ȥٳ
***
լ
ǰԺһ̽ͷ˻ĸôԺ

ȥԼԺӣǽͷ֣һҪǽϳ壬ȴʦק춯ã
ӣĪΪǣү̫̫ɶ˵˽գ

ʦҾͳȥתһȦ
һָͷ֤
һȦ


һŴĸվﳯ֣
ǵÿչҿ񵥣۾Щˣ

ĸףҲЩ񵥡
û£Ҫ㶮ֻҪ־С
ɶҪ飡
Ȩˣ
***
յΧ̯϶˺ܶΧ£СأɵĿŲŲʣ޼ĺֽȵӻ̡

ԺʯɡǣŹŮǿۣκѾˣ۲ĲֻԼǰ࣬ӾСˣżͼ־ͬϵѾ۾ۣСӹĺȻڡ

æкС裬л֥ԱѾûδֽɡǿϺϣͷһԴÿסſɡ۾˰ûҵۣûס
ɡпյ𣿡

ǡ 

ร
֥ͰɡǷȥͩͣǽİһ׺ʵɣƤֽϡëʣֽɡģһ㶼ûмˡ

Ůҿģֻ֮˵˵͸ˣ⵽Լ̯кԼΪԼˡ

ֻԳ֥ȴã
㵹ǻȻбġ
ŲǸ˵ɵأ˭Ųɵ

ؼҺүʼսյֽգֽĻ͵Ķˣ
ȶ͵С֣Ǹ򵥣ͳˣʵڲ۾һǮҲʹģںֽӸŻȥүүͻ۴Щ

Уھдţµջû۴˸ӻȥ
ҲվǱ߼ôǲͱС̺ȥˣ

֪ˣųҸо͸һƵġ
***
ȴ˵վ
һŵӣű¨߳ϼ̯ϣڵĴүһ˾߹ĵ˾䣬
ôϵأ

±¨ѹ
ҽˣ˾ھ٣ǰþס˾˼Ҷ

ĽҪ˵ʲô˾ٸ͵ӻֻӾҪԼȼֻҪ˶ףܽĽţסȥϼѾǺܴˡ

Ǹá
λүǰѵʯͷѹסƲӶΧ 
İ̯ʲô¾ͺҡ

ллү
Цӯӯģ
ҽҲôģ˵ү˿ˣɶĶС

ĸӶΪ˸ϼرģѻһ򿪣չһ򵥵Сӣڵмһģĸ̯λ

ûЩС̡һһߵϣЩҲĺܣСԲϷŹᣬЩС

һֽڵϣֽʱ򲻷ⶬĺǳļ̯ӵһϾ͸ܲǺಣ֥޴ڵС飬ÿζȻ򣬵ֵԼȴ벻С

ʮһţ͸С͸󡮸ּֽ
ʱڼֽļǮȾһǮѧŹ֥վ̯ǰɤޣȻǰɵɵɶᣬиŵ㣬ѧɶɶ

ں涼ҪЦˣкѧ֥ӣ̫Цˣ



֣ϴΧ˽İ̽йѾӶͷΪ˵صĶѲʹڴ֮ʣѲǲһʧǵĴӪվվΧʮѲΰÿϼͻڴ˴ϣվλ÷ǳ⣬ص̽ӿɲ٣ҲˣһװϬĹ۲ߵ̯⼸˶ϤˣԺԶĸģĸ̽ӣ

·ǸСѾͷ̯ӣ쾹Ȼˣ

̫ûɣɨһ۾͹ˣȴ߹ӶסŵײϣѸ˵ϣѸɨΧһȦȴѲʹͷһֻصղ·̯ӡ

ŲٵǻΪۺ󣬿ƾһֱھУյһһãصĶ궼ӣǰʼĴҲ߽ǧ򻧡

һŵĺֽùĴǾӭ±ĸͷԣǻ⻨Ǯġ

ͷԼ֯Ⱦĺɫëñӣϴ¶ָͬɫëףȻеˣϺǻǱůҪ
źֽ˫ֿٵĳѺֽķģмһСּֽվݸǰĸˣ
պá

ĽӹȥǮͷ£ȴԱһϤ
˭

ָ֣ǱǮܵʶĻص
ҽĵܵܡ

ׯģզû

ϼˣǱ߹е㲻ãǾԣ

֣µͷɫһ࣬ȴͺܶ࣬
װֶ࣬ǿǮӣ˵Ҿʹ󺰣һֱѲġ

лү
һм֮ɫʵĵ
ǲŷϼġ
ѹ֥˵ľ˱ΪǵĴڰղܰҵĻ˱˵

֣¾͸оǾ仰һ̵ҾԼģһĮӲﵭЦοֱ۽üңȭͷŵ߼⡮ȡһת뿪

Ǽ⡢նĺͨͨĳͷ£˫ĪȺԼ˸ĴָԼƨĵͦɹİɣ

֣Ѳ죬С˵Ҫ˶ôͺˣ
֣һϲ̵˵
һ¾͹һ£ָɫĺĺ

бϵͣŸţ⳵¿һҵԼţԼı¨ŵţϣźֽðѹѹŽźԱͬ죬
ֽСͷϴñÿģëֲƤñ֪ôģҿͷϻðӦúůͣȴ֪ģСŮһ

ͬ
˵ƺ«Ͳһ

æĺܣҾû˼ʣϱ´ʡ

˵ģԱȴ⣬ԱߵһĬĬ뿪ֽ̯ǰ˰죬κŮ첢˽⣬С治Բˣģ
磬Ҫǲ⵲
ʶȤ뿪ʼҪˣ»ܿģĿɻˣзֳɵأ

ļһŵĺֽ࣬Ǹּֽ˳ȥ˼Ұʣµʣ޼Ļж³ϼȺĹͷ棬߳Աҫĺ

˵ֽðǮ㣬һţͻʮģʮһţǡϣһֽ׬ġ

춼úЪЪҪЩ֣¼ٹˣãҲžҪȥլҪ¼Ǵš
ԼϢϰøϻ˯һȥլ

ϱ˵ȴû˽ݣòþʹů˳

ˢֽ̿¯㵽ȺġģһȾϵζζеվûȥ
ͻʮֽ˾˼ֽȼϣ۹һ㡣

Уȥ
վһϲ⣬û뵽ھֽ˺ã´Ӧ
ֽȻɸ㿸ȥ

˵¾ͷߣѾԻˣϵıˣŢĺܣҲ߿ˣһսԺӣͶŵһ⣬е㷢
զˣ

ܳΪɶܳ
һǻ
Ҫôֽ


ûɶ۵˵

һתʵ
ɲǽ𣿡

źʱĴɵˣ̽ĿһۣԼУԼ࿴һˣ΢΢ۣ˵˾䣬
ţͻˡ

߳ԺӻԼңܿղŵɻԺˣȴûѾȥʮֽˣΪ˾˭ϱҪѵǴ󼯡

ֵ˸ϼӣϼܺã⼯ҲģʵȴĲ٣Ǻֽ󲿷һŵģϵĺټЩ֪⣬˸ͽ⿪յף
ǱҲֽģ˼žʹһ󡮸֣߱һǮҿǵˣҪҲҴһ󡮸֣

˵ģˣ͸һŴģ
ľֽ˺һ֡

ҽֽ
һӱ¨ֱӵҪ񣬳˷ű¨ʱеķĺֽȴֽ֪ļ

ÿ̯λۣҵ˺Ͳ̯ھӵïԶǱߺ˻ȥ
Ǳֽ

˶һۣε̾˿ôļУûĲĵ

˵ֽıǮģѸٵʽС֣н۵ҲһǮ

ֺֽܿһæ⺮綼ˣͷëñժͷϵĺȴ̯ǰվһḾ۾Լñӣ
ӣͷϴñÿģôû

ճɲܴ磬ȺëñָͷϣḾ˵ĺ治Ǻĵ
ôûĶˣܵͺܺˣĻ˵Ϻÿÿģ
վǰˣɶҲû򣬳ûɶ龢

ܵͲˣƫֺܺÿģҲȥһ
Ḿȴ

ԼϹĥģ
׬Ǯ˼һһñԼѲ˶ʱ䣬
ҪʮһҪҪĻ¼Ҹһ

¼
ʮ˻߶ʮŰɣ춼ǼҪҪ͹á
Ǻãɱˣ







45.     ȴ˵ϸ

ȴ˵ϸ, ϱڵóԸ˼ңȲķּͦʧ, ּҵһоͶɶһѾǮҲǷţһˣ

һµֻ˵СǺãƶʱҲζеļҵҪð죬Ұţżҷһ֣ǻȱǸοҪеļҪԼɣ涼Ҫ, Ҫĥ, ǶõĲǶࡣ

ܿǷּҵõһǮͼ˵ףڼ, լˢֽɷϲȥ, 
ȥɻֲ㿪Ǯ, ɵ

˵ܷ, ԴӷּҶԼԼڼϱô죬ʹͷ 
ֽԼˢ, ͸һʰ۵һǮǣ

ЪϢ, Ūģ
ԷϵĸɾѼŪĵǺɫͬˡ

ô죿ûǮˣ
ɿյĵ, 
ÿ춼ôľ̿ϴһֿˣ̿ҪģȻֿܲˣ

ǮҸѹ׵ģԼĸҲһûҪЩǮԼ强ǮóõģԽһת⣬
ﲻǻǷʮȥҪһЩţ꿪ٸǼ䷿Ӹˢֽ

ϵƫӶЩ˵̿ǮûˣЩָŲӵ
ʯ̿һӻȥš

Դ
С˵ʯ̿ζ˼Ҷյʱˣá
ֻоűıĵģԼʲô 

ǿĸɫãæҲ
С˵ٸ᷿ˢֽˢֽá

ɫ˵㣬֪ǮͺãԼԣɲԼǰ˷ɲǮؼҪǮܰɨسţ

Ѱ˼ŴɶɷּҺһǮûؼҪԼգůʹһƫðֽȥˢֽǺֽǮˣƫػùء

ʯ̿ȥҲˣȥˢֽ⼸Ӱڵװ׵ģ
Ǯ˻ǮøһᣬͷǺˣ

֪ˣ
ͷҲûȥƽ̫࣬һԼǮ

˵ɻ༷üŪֻۣԼŶ˼ѾʶСֽأ̧ͣͷһۣ
磬㲻ˢֽˣ

ӭɵ۾ЩɫؼˢֽţӲͬ⣬»Ǿ仰
ҷ٣ȴ˷ˢ

ร
ɵͷԼֽ¿ʼȴֹ
ּҷֵĶģզǮأ
ССĻ͹֥һֶ࣬С̴ġžžģּȥֵĶģɩ˲ٶ˵ǮòϣβŷּҰ¾ͻˣ

ïһǮľ̿޶ϱҪЬ¸ҸĸȻҪúõ޶һһǮֻˣɿǿտյǮӣеܣؼҺͷڴš

ڴģ
ɣҪˣۼҲҪŴ״⣬ųԵǮǵģٻؼҪ㣡 

ûҪ
ͷϸűӣƵĴ

Ҫѣǲֳɵģ޻ȴ
ƿɿϱ
ģ
ϱͷ˼ްȥլ

˵ǸԼѣϾһǮɣǮߣϱ͸¶һϢڴֽ׬Ǯ

Լҵĺֽÿ굽¾вڴº޲ͷɽˢЩֽλóʱȥϺһ죬õÿհ

ɵҹЩ򵥵ġֺż㣬ԴȥҲ׬Ǯ

ã
һתͬˣǺֽһŲ㱾Ǯ˸£⣬
㵽˼ȴôģ̯ɩԶЩ˵õģҸ̯ӿţǴùϵȵɢʱ򻹿Աʰ㲼ͷЬá

ɵϱָʾһԼȥլţȥ˼ϣڼҲֽҲȥֳ˸˵ȻǳĻµĵڶ󼯣ϵܻ𱬣رԶ̯ӶҺֽ

ˣȻǽ嵶ȴʣ˲٣
棬ġ

̾˿
ȴûӣҺ͹˵࣬Ҳ֪ô˵£ֻܵ˵ˡ

˵𣿡

Ҫʮ弯ŻŻ˵ЩǮ͸һʲôҰѹ֥ǺӶ˹ȥ˵˾˵ͬŸˣ˾û˼ҪǮ˼ҾЩ˻񣬹ѵˣ

ҲһǮˣµ
Ͳڼϰǲϸˣ

˵ǺӣЩСѾͷĺÿЩ

е㲻˼
Ҳ̫ˣҲܹܣ

һ̯
ҲܲŰ

ͷһСӲʴ˲ڼҵɩӼңͱһ˿ԼңС¯ϴľͷŻʼӣԱŲ˿ߴߴŸϼȤ¡

ҴŴĽģҲͬˣ滹һֵܴĹӶţѾϥǸˣ⺮ҹſſڵĵﱧһͷĥ΢΢µĶ䲻ʱ£Ķ 

ϵյ͵ƣǹ֥ɵϰߣ㲻͵ƶһյǵģȰѺֽɷģ۶̵ٰۣ棬̿˲ü
Ǻɫһŵë߷׼֯ñӡ

˴ñӣ
Ͼòţñëëģɲզ

ůͰұƤñҪ
Ѹْţ 
Ƥñǳ˺ƵĲëΪжȻˣˣ׼ñӱطһϸ鲼ƾͺöˡ

ëЩһֱǴֱ֮տʼҲǺͽһ뷨ɴʱ䳤о˲ͬǹ֥˵ıů͸ɡ
***
ԶھǵĹ֥ͷϵһɫëñӣͷһɫһ㶼ۣɽȴޱޱ黨û취ǲñͷҲСú֮أñӵǻܰŪЩǿ˹֥黨ñӼֱħ䣬̯Ŀϴ

Ѹֱ̿
Ѿͷ㻹һĳ󣡡

ҺСӣ
֥ҧȴҪ΢Ц˭Ŀ֮¾Լأ
Źӣֵġ

ޣ
һ׵ĵͷЦ
㲻ϲҺѾͷǽʲôأСӣ

βֵϷζѸ֥һ飬

㷭СӣȫҶСӣʱȻСɾСӵʱӦӲ΢Ц
ѾôˣԺҡã


ָЦһ黨
á
Աûס͵Цһ֪Ѿͷ˼û뵽ô˼

֥˻Լӭĺ

ڿ֥̫飬ԼеĿģȿȡЦ
á
УתЦ
Ǻģʮް˹޵ġ

⻰˿ɲٱˣ֥·ͭǮСԼ߷裬һźĵ
ûˣܹ˶ûʮޣ

ȻԼģ
벻ţ֥Щյæ
ҼﻹЩֹͣܲܰӣ

֥ҡͷƻĹͷԼûԹûգ
ǸҪׯˣҲûʱ䣬
һʧһ˼
ϲԣ˵ʱׯӵģǸȺĻóԣˡ

ǾһΪ
벻֪Ϊξ÷ǳģϲȥϼңȾڣԼ
ⴰżüţкֽҪʮš






46.     ¶ʮ

¶ʮɢ˼, ˷ȥջҿջĶׯڴӵ, ƹġСҲõıˣ⸽ӵ˽¶Ͷޣʱƹһׯׯ˳·ľĵĸ¼վڹ̨ǰţһϤ
Ǵɣ

ͷϲ
÷ɶʱģ

ľֺǺǵǰһļ
쵽, ˵, ȥȥأ

Ź÷˿ͷ÷ָԼĴ, Сܿһˮүྡ

¶ʮܺ, ϵҲ޷, , ʱѾôˣ¿ܶ࣬ġģȥҴȴϲ⡣

, ȥҼЪЪųԿȷٻذɣ
ľָǰĲ·ڣҹղԶ͵ˡ
ˣ÷, 
סͣס˳ӣ
֥֪ҽջ, Ҫõˣ

ľĵͷ
ּˣذɣ

һ¹÷򣡡
ȴ˳ͷӳ˸ŵ÷ϣ
÷Ǹ͹ùõĲϹùú춼ܴ͸÷ģǸܵģûˣҾ͵ȥҹ÷Ⱦơ

ľֺǺǵˣֱ򿪿ӲŷĶˣӢֱָ
ôõĲҲգ

ľҲί
Ҳ֪ôãֻ˵Ǿ˾˵ͬ͸ģûӴﻹвء

һ°Ӣż
˵˵զ˾˵ͬŻͶɣ

ҲҪҲҪ
Ҳ˹þû֥ˣġ

ľͻλƵ⸸ŮǵĹ£ֱӢ

ҲǸͷ࣬Щϼһﶼȥϼȥ̯ӡ
ľ̾

ȴǴˣʮǰҵɱˣԼ˵ţȥ̯Ҳŵ㣡
Ӣͷ϶Ҫðˡ

㶼˵ʮǰˣ
ľȴѵΪ˵
˵ɾ˾˾£и̰ɣ㿴ҲǷ׻ˣ˵ⰸӻ˴ջƹ˵⼸ѲߵĹٱһЩö඼ˡ

ǾͺǾͺã
ӢĿ˿
ϣԺڴﶼ˵Щط̫ˣŮ˶ҵţЩ˶ץŲأ

ͬչµĳϿųһ亹
Ժ󾩳ۻȥɣǲ𻹶㲻

ʵǾ׸ĴͦɵģҿǴĶƤˣ
֥ĸ߿˵ЩɵĻתĸ׵ĵģ
ǵϵשĶˣҶ᲻ˮð

⺢ĵж󰡣
ȻϴűץŮ첲ǰϸ꣬
⺢ģ챻̸˰ɣ

вҪӽ˹ŮԺ˵ģе֪˶װ֪ģͷ̥Ůû˴ɣ

ͳҺҵôҲ͵أ
⺢ǻʵĹ֥˸ëӣ
㵹ҿЩ

һ˵ʵԹ֥һǾɱһ޿˫һգ
ԱˣҪȥ˯ˣ

͵ЦŰѹ֥ָˮϴϴţ
˯ҺԷ

ŶϣүЪЪϴǴĶȾһƥƥĲϣһͷٳֳ֣ɻǳֲڣ⼸˲٣⻬ĳ滹ǻṴ˿ǵ˵
ЩӿãǸɻδĳȥ

㣬Ժ;࣬Щʡºܶ࣬ҪĶЩӾǾù˼Щ˵öأ
ΪСԭ򣬴Сͺܳ裬Ҳɶ˵ӣ⻰ȻЩҲʵ࣬Щ˸Ǻƥģĺׯأ

ȻϾͲ֨ˣһƥƥ򿪿һְϣֱһƥ޲澪ϲ
ôϸ޲һûء

ƥɫϸ޲һЩһͷһ
ôϸ޲ʵϡ֥ͽСﴩ

˵Ϲˣ
ָе㲻ã
˰ɣ

㣬˹֥Сʱ򴩵ǾӾҪӴ
ͬİѲһ
ԼĴֲڵνɺӲ

ϾͲ֨ˣŮӵԭ򣬹֥ƤƫۣͽǾ¾ӣԼĸ׺͹Ѵžû£ֱһԺźЩۺӶЩ
аɣģⲼԼ

һɫˣһ̳ӾŴľƣ
Ȼլ˵һٳԷ

ֽº͵ᡣ


֪˵Ҳ㣬Ҳֻø׸ǮŪˣ׬һǮϹæ


ϿųŵɷüͷȴûɿϱǸС˵ģƫƫɣҲ֪ܲĽȥ

治֪ôģֻ˵ʮľ͸ˣ͸Ҳе˵ֽҪһأôҲԣǼǮܽɺԼ˵Ǯ£ȻǸ뷨
嵶һͻʮģһˢֽҲˣʮʮĵĶУǵı£߲ˣӰ쵽ͻļǮɲУ

Ѻܼʱϱ˵ֽ󣬻涯뽵˼
ҪʮһĻ׬أһģҪһ嵶һǮܲˣ

ϼ׬ͦˣһûôԣ
ǴǱһֱʮģ᲻᲻á


ϲ
Ǹƾ׬Ǯ׬ģǲ̰׬ľͿԣ˵ϼҲĸ࣬˵һԼ嵶أ

磬ؼһˡ
ɵӴſڴ˷ı㡣

̳ӾƻϣֱӶԽŵһ飬
ɣȸ˵ãֽ͸ֿԣϱһǮҲԣ۱ʮģﺰʮһġʮıĻֽ·ţҲǼѣҪμ
ɸоϻջǵģֱͷ
ģģ

ɼĳ
ǡ֣ɼҲף˺ֽ׬Ǯÿ˼ʮҲԣʳҲУֵҲûа׸ɻ£

뿪Ա߲ҡͷһ̾
ϱѡˣ

üͷһšҪǷĻȴһʱҲֻ۾ͷӣ˾䣬
۹ãզѡ

˭֪ȴҡͷ̾˿
۹ⲻã
ɴԼ۹ãڣ˵Լ۹ǲǡžžԭΪǸ۹õģǰϱ˭ִ֪ۣ

űֳݵͷӣһʱܾ⻰ԣȴһʱﲻԣ 

˼ң塢һЩھӶ½
ɣǺȥһҪ϶Ҫ֣Ҫֽȶʮȡ

ҼҪ񣬽иС񵲵ǲõĶ

ÿһˣҪ󣬵ÿվͿʼֽССдֵķֽ˺ö࣬дĳֽٵĺܣ֥վӵĶ棬дһһ
ϼҪЩֵ֡ͷͣ
״һһ־ͳˣǼֽ̫ʡˣͶԽ

˭֪ȴͬ⣬
˼дֲһдĺãдĺòÿЭûϵֻߴ磬ֻҪСһ£һһĺÿһвһĺÿ

֥ĿŸףǴҵĽǶȿǣֻͼԼ㣬ԼڼסŻôͷͣ׵̬ȹû





47.  Ŀ   ˡ

¶ˡ, ɶǰļһĦȭҪ꼯, һҹ͵ƶϨϸŻ죬⺮ҹů

ΪëñӵԼʮ쵱ȻǸȥģ˵ڸϼ񫣡

ѵӷ£ʰ, ű¨͹Ůȥ̯ӹ, ɱ˰Ź, ĲҲһһ㶼綨ˣ֥ò, Ҫȥ⹫, ﻹҪ, ֻһŹǲ㻻ģڴ̫ۣϼӰ˵ģɶ, ʱ㣬һ֮мֳɲˣͲôæ

Ϊӳԭ, Ҳϼ⡢ܲӣѿһ׼, ڹ֥̫صЩ⡣

ӡŴ׳ҪƤȥЩɾûˡ
ܿ죬Ůı¨ˣߵ·һΧ˺ܶ˵̯ӣǸղߵʱûأһΧĺ
磬ɶģ

ͷҵ̶˿̶̫ˣҲֵ֪ܲõҡ
ͷҵ̶˿ʮĺóԣֻÿ⼸ϼӵеԥ

飬ơ̶˿ã
֥һ뵽ü̶˿ĲˣֻôˣС¨ݸ˸ף
ţҼȥ㡣

֥ȥһ̧ͷһ̯ӺǺӳĺװ۾ɵ֣ͭѹô˼Żһ㶼

ǱһϺڹӳ̶ԱһῡεС˵СӾ˷˿ϳƣ֥еæСʵ
С磬˿Ǯһ

ʮһҪ𣿡

Ҫ
˿ѹӣˣôˣ֥еż
С磬Ҫȶã
ҪǵȵľãԼȶȻá

ǿεС΢΢һЦ
ǮһЩҰ͸ơ

ȻǱϺͷ˿գСѾͷ˳֥ͭݸõ̶˿˳ȥ

֥ѷ˿Լ̯ߣµĺ͸ֹ
Ǽ˿͸֣ţ

ɶְ
ŮЦˣ
ͷĴӣǼһȡ˸ϱ˭Ⱳڣ

ǰɣǸҲ̫Զ˰ɣ治Ǽģ
֥ΪһСš

ΪӸʯͷһСʱԱǸܵܳһװ׾ģʮһӴڸˣҲű䣬ƤӵһͿӸ˸Ƶġ


̥ǵĶη֥ԼȥӰˣǵصģûаҹͷʹޣ컹ðοӳĸߴͣ

ܵܣ

ܵʮˣǲˡ
⻹ʮûܣզµӣȻ֪Ļͦࡣ
ô
˵»ǾúЦ
Ǻµ˵˼ȥˣ㱻ȣ춼ˣͷ㿴Ÿݸݵģʱǿŵ˵ģ

˵䣬Լ̯Ӿ͵ˣѾɺüˣ֥æķ˿˹ȥеϧĵ
˴̶ˣĲ㡣

࣬Ҽ̶Ҳġ
ûصĹ֥ʼ磬ʾҲΣһת
С̣ñ𣿡
ɱԼƵģ˸ӣ

ˣһˣ
ϲ̵ĵ
ǿ⡣
˵Ѹղŵ԰һ顣

ղͳİ̯֧ãҪëñӵḾ˾͵ˣæһԼһģһĺɫñ˳
㣬㿴ϲ

ḾǵһñӣϼҪûһѣʱñⶼϸһ飬ëһ־˳켫ˣ
⾹Ȼëģ

֥ĵͷ
㵹ʶ

Ǹ˵ʹüۣ̽˵˾䣬
֯湻ʡ
Цɫǵ⡣

Ǹõȷϵ㣬ëĵߡ֯ģ˵֯֯֯Լǻõģ벻ë֯﷭κˣȴİñӷŵ΢΢һᣬȻһζûУôģ

֥ζ֪ö˲ϲζæ֤
㣬ģûζ

Ǹһӣ
ȴǺüˣҲϲζأ
ʱŷĵĴӺɰͳʮǮ
ñҪˣ

ǮñתתȥΪžӲĵ
㣬ҪҰϣ

Ņ̀ͷ΢΢һЦ
ѽ鷳ˣ
ùñӴͷϵķΣûãһͷںڵĳֻһöµܼ򵥴󷽣ëñĺô죬СĵİñӸãְñקקԼӺվǰһ
㣬ףɫÿ

Ǹ˴ñ͸о˲ͬԭķԭ䣬絶һΪԭѾůˣȴñͷ֪֮ʲôаůͷϵñܣҪܳñǺʹɡ

㣬⣿
վǰЦӯӯĿ

⣬㻹ҶҼ沶࣬ôõĶҲǴһ

ûˣæûʱҪȹ˵ɡ

ãҹ
Ḿ˾ñˣ·ջ˲˵۹⣬ƤñƤñƤññӹֵֹȴÿ

ûãǸһ̯ϣֱȥ˺ջ¶ͷϵñһקӸ¯ԵĺӣĻиղŵЦ绨һ⣬
ˣ

ǺñӳȥһȦŸ˵ͷ
Ӻ⣬ǲԭĶܲ

Ḿ˽ӹȴñӸǰջϸˣ
㲻Ůˣ

ӱջʱǸֻ֣ʹһЩϸʱȣͬղḾһϸķЩߣ˳ҵͷһקñͺ࡭
㿴Ӧһߣͺͺࡱ
ôģͺͺࡱ

ףñѾʧˣֻһëͬһӲݡ
***
֣ڲˮ̯Ъţ۾ʱһӿȺԼĿܻʶɨһϾȻ˴˺ǳ̼СһĺɫñӣߺδӺ濴ȥĺԼϴˣ

ʱ۳Ǵߵ·ƣʶ΢̣һǷġ

пյʱ򣬳͹֥˵һȥéǱһ׵éޣÿʰζЩ

֣¿ѾͷȥķջĿ⣬еա
ûע⵽ųȥһһḾβ롣

úé޺ʻһͣĵط֣Ҳ˻̧ͷǸϳͷƤñĺһ۾תĿ⡣

ʶѰǵٻӰǵĿǼϤѺñʱ˲˭ΪδѾͷѣ

éԣһϸˣ
ҽȥиʮѾͷ

Ǵϵһװɶûʾ͵ͷ첽ȥһ̽ͷűӳˣ
ûˡ

ֱ֣оð亹˹
֣Ѳ죬ô£
ղ°ˣ׷

֣¿첽˩ܣܱ߳зᣬ˼ϵĴɢѲСӼۼ֣·һŸղķ׷ȥ

ܿ죬ٵҵﱼ˳ȥ֥е㷢ţ֪Ǳ߳ɶ£Сǲǳȥе˰

˼еĳ֣ס·ڵʿʵ
ղſгȥһɫĴӵɫϳǸºӣͷϴŹƤñӡ

ղһǰһȥкüƥǵߵ򡭡
Сʿ˫ָ򣬲ȷʵļ

֣¸ȷè壬ź潥Χ£ʿһһ
ղ°ˣͷŴ˳ڣе⳵жҪϲ飬עûмв㡣

ͷȥ̯ȥѲ飬ǰǲ鵽̽ȫ£

붼ͷǷ׷ȫ֤˵İȫ



˵һȥ˵Ѳаʱ䣬ԸĵƺʹӶָƣֱ򣬴ʱƺӲٺӶαɹǹ˺ӿɾ׷ˣ

ӱޣ˫ĿӥĶǰĲ·ڣʱ䣬Լ׷׷ϣһҪ죡

õõá
ٵӺ洫ǸĺƤ˦ľ죬ǰϵϼ

ôô죡
Ǽʮƥ
סֻѲģ֧






48.     һ

һ, ԵɧǼ˩սĶ, Ⱥ˼ϲķʵͽĸѸѰ缦

֥˿еĽţéǱһۣûС̵ӰҲסˣ
ȥС̡

ҲЩģ
, ȥһ, ֪ǲˡ

é޵·Ϲ֥ɨӣǱԶȥ, ĵĵͦ࣬ȴûС̵Ӱ, 

С̣Сû
֥վé溰һɤ, ûӦ, ű̽̽ͷûˡ

ͷżϻܻȺ֥ͷ綷Сȥأܻ̯, 
Сû˵˭ϼģҪɶ

Ŭһ£
ûУżҴ˺, û˵Ҳûɶȱġ

֥еţ
, Һȥңˡ

ǧֿӿɿס˼ҡ
һ˵ȴ˶ɫѸٵİ̯һգøڴүտţ
ߣҺͷңȥǱߣߣ۴ҲǰŴŵ㣬˽п

֥ܵéޱߵ̯ǰʼ 
үûпһͷɫñӣѺһģͷôߵСӡ
ҿ˴˽װ֥˷˺ܶ࣬ϴ󲿷̯ʶģѰˣİָ㣬
һ·ԣ˸ñӺۣҸɨһۣҴǱȥˡ

һ·ָ£֥˴ϱߵĺӱϣ˲Զӱɢʯͷ븡ĺɫñӣϥһ˺ӱߡ

֥͸оԼѪҺסˣֱֱվ￴ǶɫñӱˮһһĿǸʯͷСģ侲ĵ
壬ȥҾү٣ȥҵ

̧Ĩһͼܣ֥ں浽˶ĵطҵڰѲľүʶģȥһ
үСʧˣҸղںӱ߷ܰ𣿡

Ǿүһۣ
ͷǰ·

֥˫һվ
лүߣ

ǾʿͷкԼļѣ
˸ҿȥ
ܿӸǴͷľүСܵѾͷ
ĸģҴأ

ׯģҵȥһͷˣ˿Сӱߣں￴ñӡ

ղżٵıԽ
һ·˵СһӱߵģǾ˵Լඣôܣ

ֻֿܣ
˲С̣ôСȥ
С̣˸ƭӱл˵ͬôˣƭС̵ĿʲôΪƣΪɫ˵СûǮǴǮӣıƺӱ߸Сλӱߡ

ܿ죬Ǿү͵˺ӱߣһӾĺϰˮһˮѺɫñ˳ëñӳģÿʯͷͳˣ֥ӹñӺ˼ñƯλÿɣ

ܿӾľүˮ
⸽ûˣǱˮ嵽Ρ

Сʧٵʱ㣬˺Ŀܣ֥ľôô˵үȥѰңȴӸմˮľүֹ
治Ǳ˱°ӣ
֥Ժ˲һüͷŬץס⡣

Զܹ⻰ķ
Բӵģ

һǳһŵ˹
үһҪҵӰ

˵ŰǮĵͷˡȿȡ˵ʶȤǳ⣬ͷһ֣
ȥһȦϸŵ㡣
Ǳ˾Сĵſݲݣһ·Ѱҡ

߹֥Ҳץס⣬Լղɧҵĵطé޺ܽ첽Ǹˮľʿߣ
ү˵ı°˵ģ

Ǳͷ˵Ǵé˸°ߵģ
һ˲䣬֥·ԼεҲһ˿
°ǲǸʮСӣ

λСӳֱͷ
ǵģѲԴȥ׷ˣ߼ҲѲ飬ֹ˽ߡ

֥סںӱӲݶҴܵ
壬ȥ̯ţһСǱ°ˣǱ˻Ҳô졣

⻰żһûˣųϣĹʣ
ԣ˵Ķԣȥţ
˵Ⱦˡ

öãϣֻɣ
֥С̵ñӲ𣿡
֥ûлش׵ʣǶλʿʵ
үղǲǾǷ˺ģ

ǵġ
λʿһĿСѾͷеĺܡ

뿴ʱСѾ뿪̯һˣ˾éǱ°ˣ

ͼʲô
ʶʣ˵СӲֵðգѲӿɲǰÿġ

֪ͼʲô
Ѿ׹ϵ֥ĿɬȴԼ뵱ȻС̣СܰȫգǡƬຮĴԭԼҪȥһˣ
***
ԼҰ֣ŵķһ̧һ˵Խ˽Ա߸˼䣬˾ͳ嵽ǰ棬ѹٶȵ

ܿ죬׷ͷľʿȵ
ͣѲ죡

ͣ
˫ĿӴ䶼һӣûмľүǱϵļ˶һɣ·Ѳżͺã

үҵĻǱɽׯϵģ˸ϼðЩΪ·ԶҪȥ
ɽΧˮݷḻǱߴϵİţ¿Ϊ⸽ӴͺܺõĽһΪôԭ

ʲô
ھӣ
飡

ƿھүķĳһ½ֻ漸ɢɢгʳвƥǺϼģ
վߵļд󣬶ҲˣǱҲô󼯾ͺˡ

ЩʿľͰЩΧ֣´棬һ࣬Ӻ濴װ嶼ǼӺģô˲أ
һСϸÿ䶼һ飬üͷ֣Ѳҡͷ
ѵ˻ڼϣ֣ɫ԰ףԼʱӦȰǼٰץסͺˣȴԼļˡ

СĴѲ޹󣬾Ҫ³ȴļЩͷײ˳ϣ
ˡһԱߵĺʱɫһ䣬֣µĿҲ˳šžһ죬ľƵĳƴ˺¶һ²֪ϤٻӰ

ͷѾƫϵ̯Ӷɢ߰˰ˣվܶѾû˵̯ϣĴڵȵ˴ľү
ǶżҴļˣ
ǵģǡ

СʧѪɫӣ֥޵
С̣ҵĴҪǲҪëͺˣ

Ǹĳο
²㣬ǧշĵԺСĵͺˣ

֥ȴֻֻ֪ǸʼǻͷӲԼ˻꣬Ա۵˫ȶĸף˾ģ
֯ëķ׸ʵۡ

ѾŮСд˻˵ԥĵͷ
ЩǺʣǸҲûɶǶ˼֯׸ǵĵ

֥ͳӪʣҵ֣º֣
үҪ̣

СѾͷһۣ֣»Ӫľʿȥ
£

֥ǰ˼Լͷϴñϣ
ү㿴С̻ë֯·ñӣ˾°֮⣬ֻΪʱȴû뵽Св֪

֣ȡϵñӣһȦĬȻͷȷʵֵðգ

֥СƵ̾˿
ҺС̡ҵˣֻԱһǰ֯ȥ˶ˣЩеȻҲѧˣ
֣۾һɣɲַӣ
У˱ˣ

ү˵
֥ҡҡӼ
һ־ǰѷ׸͢еΪλȲ°ˣë֯ԭǴֱ֮ɶֻĲԭȴǷ֯͢ЮƱ÷ӻôԼ齨һ֯ëߵӱëٰ֯õëǣ

֣۾˲һȦ۵׵𾪲ضزסѾͷǳɾˣͷСף
ڶãã

ٺ٣
֥¶һ˿Ц
ȻӢͬ

²˳٣Ͻ
֣½λץ˲ٿɵ̽ӣͽһˣ

үҿԸȥչС𣿡
С𣿡
УҲǣִˣֻпգ

аɣСѾͷҲ㡣
һ˿֣¶һ˵ĵڶӡ

֥˸
ֻǻ鷳ү˵ҼЩëж֯






49.     

¿ǰ·, ʿ棬һӱ, ֻɷ¿ԺӵλߴĹٱŵһ£Ѫɫʾ
զˣ͹֥أ

ҡҡ׹ӣʹ˸ʵɫ
λ˿֯ñӣѴ׸, λүǸëߺ, ȥþүȥ

һϰ£ǾүºȲʱɷͿ, Ӧòǻ°ɣ

ܿϰ˳֯һëëװ, ְ˼, ˽, һֻëߣ
ë߻ûУ֥˵ϣ϶֯ë, Ҫȥ

ǰŵķţǹٱŵӰϵʡ
û£

϶ĵͷ, 
£ٺϸ˵
ŰһŻ׿ë߶˳, һܵŮʰһ˻ϴ

ҹϡءĿһֱҹֹסӵı۾ɬȴ˯⣬ֱһᣬһͳţһ˼Һ¿ż˳˴塣

ͷ֥һҹߣܵľţҹӪС˯ĸͱĺ˹

۾Ϳڵͷ֯ëߵС̣ϵĻӳ£Բϴ۾ˮĺӣƫǵЦ͵ɶö㣬ȫͬĻѹ֥첲ϵļƤ
С̣ǲһû˯


˾ͰϵëһŻصվ˿Ĩϼܵӣ
ҲǲŸѣҸպõˮϴɡ

ϴ֥꣬һѹŴҰӪҰͣѳԣϡ࣬ǲ󿷵ɣﷴĽţȻԼǺ̶ûôĿˣ

֥óҲҪԵ㣬ȻȻ·䣬緹֪ʱܳϡ
ʵɣҪŬȰֻһɵС

оһɽ죬ԽԽԽԽ֥࣬˺üܲˣûأС̴ڵĺ࣬æ
С̣ٺȵϡģ·϶ûطéޡ

ס֣ˣŴ뷢˻⼸׸ôԵأ

֥ʵʲǲ󿷵ɣݵܲˮﵹЩݿ󿷸ÿȻ۾һգžžϵĿһͰɾͽ˶ǣѾ˵ĶӣЮһܲƭƭͷ

ĬĳŷӪľʿҲŵַʳżн̸ҲǵӪصļɻĹ֥ॡһ죬֮һŮߵ
Ե޹ʰץͰˣȻǳʳ
ǹ뵹˵أȥߴȣһ

ˢ
ΧһӳԷľʿĿⶼеǸõḾϣɫƣǺôĵӣ

ñӣ
ڹֹ֥

Ůʲôأ֥ǸھӪƹŮˣǶܿëñӵǸˣ
пӰɣ
һת޵С
ɰʳǹһ⣬˵ûһͷֵǮأ
󣬵ʱͻȻͱΧľʿǶ˶

⻹һʵϸ˵ļǮһͷۣǴеӣǿɲǿѨ磬Ƕ۸̫£˾͵ͷЦ͵Ŀ֮һɡ

֣ѲӪ˳ķԸ
ûԱֵȥһݣ˵׼̣
***
һȻԵõĽ˴ţںͬŵĹϵսϤҲû˶ӹÿǰѷֵԼϵİһԷԩ

Ŵˣǻؼ𣿡
ԴզզĴ˽һĵԵİϣһ£ҺҺԼûд̧֣۶ԴŭĿӣ
֪ʣ

ѵҿˣ
Ŵƶ˸ŻɺͲȷ
ղ֣ѲѺһ̽ӣҺ濴СѾͷ

һǰ̽̽ʵ

Դ˵ͷ

ܣܱߴߴ٣
ȥ

ֱǰԺǲѺķ˶ԶģٱҵԼŮг̼СṲ̊Ƿ˶ԴǸç򣬲֪˵ǰųһ亹

ԺƵ˲ӣôҲ벻ͨСѾͷԭ򣬻дأ

һԺӹ֥ͷˣӭͷϾүүԾȴһתͷӣûǰףСһѣ˵˼仰ֱͷ

ԺԴ߽ʱ븣˸ӣ
λˣ
ЦĽСѾͷһͷ͹ˣҵ֣Ѳ죬ܿ˽ʼĩ

ϣʵľ°˵ĳ⾹Ǹ

ǸʵڳȢ׵ĲǮ
ֱ׳ĽƱ
Ҿϱ

Ǽͬ

ǣ
ҡͷ
һĲ٣ֻ·˴飬°֮ǲ֪顣
Ǳ߼ͬȻߺԩ˵Լ֪飬ָȷʵǸϹϱˣ

һ˶𣿵ǳص

˰һһǲͬ֣üʱȷʵǶ뿪ƬֵģҲû˿ʱϳģǼͬкӳ˼вһ𣬵ǿû뵽ԼƲʵֻǰڳ޷֤Ŀߣ԰ѴŮΪӷ

ܿǸٰḾ˱˽

ʶˣ

˵һΪ
ǳ̧ͷǸ˶һۣ漴ѿ֪ܵĴЦ
ʶôƯŮˣؼҿˣﻹëѾͷ

⻰̫ˣ
֥ڴĶȥˣ

ԩӲŲʶH
һ߷ߵڹ֥ԱæһһĺܺẺӣһʵͽĳũģʱ۾ŹϵḾˣһĽơ

¹ḾĹţҲֱԩƺǳʶ

ʰĴ˳
мϮ

δ
ҡͷ
нŲǴſڽģӦǸˡ

ʶ𣿡

ʶ
ָǸ˵
ϴһñӡ

˵ΪʮǮ㣿
ǸЦһ
Ҳֵ̫Ǯˣ

Ϊëֻ֯ԼƲ⣬ȴʺϴʱ˵һʱƿԡ

֥漱ֱţȴ޼ƿʩûֱĿߣȷʵܿƲⶨ 

ǳѾ°˵˸һ󰸾ͽˣǹ֥֪Լ֪ĴºպЩһҲܲˣֻЩȴԼܼˡ

ϣ֥ûпүү֪Ǵ˰֣ǻرˣôԼСϲҲסŰɣҵ֣Ѳ죬
үǽ뿪𣿡

ԣֻǿջסŲȫھ޿ɿݣԵҼס

Ϳ֥Ȼͷ֪Լ֥ģ
ҾүүҾھǣǽȥסë֯飬Ҫһ¡

֣ûǿԼһܵÿջؼңпɿͶ޻Щ

ֻǻû´ţ֥ͿҹĶ壬ԶԶĳ֣Ҫʻͱʹɫֹסˡ

ֱһ·ҵſڣ
֥Ǵö岮ˣȻڼһ֪ô£

֥ůģȴø̫ʦˣֵ
ҵǣ鷳˼ңһڼô죿

أ˵үүźˣﶼؼң

ðɣҲ⸸׵飬ڼҴţǸýǣۿ߹ˣΧûɶˣ֥С 
壬үүأ𣿡

ҵͬ
ҸղŽȥҹˣȻؼң˵ʱûǵˣؼҺúЪţᴦģ

ҹԷĵ˺ܾã˾˸Լϸ˴˰
ǴҹŶż٣ⰸǰҲˣëΪյʥǰѾͷҪھȹּ⣬Ҳﲻæȥúù꣬ȹ˳Աְٽ

Ǿ˾ôضżҴ壿
ԴӰᵽǺ󣬶Զټһ磬Ůǵ˾˵г̡

Ȼд㣬
ܻҲһＸ⼸궼ˣҴС

˾˵Ļû£ڶһ磬Ǿ͸¿˼ңǳϦ





50.     Ѿ

Ѿ, ȴȻɭ䣬ǽżлͨ, ηֻһСͶЩ⡣

һӷǿ֮ﵱеĳȻԼ°֮𣬵ͬߵץɷ׿ѣҪǣ֣ı㣬мƣз, Щ̽Ѿ͸, νЩ̽һ򾡣ûٷǻȥ

ëߵļֵǳ, 󵽶ô֣ײ֣Ƥӵ, °˵ĲǺܳɹġ

Ǵ˰Ķȴֻղ, ̽Ӵȱ, 涼û˸ұ֤͸

ԳİֻǸθСˣ°˵֤ȷ䣬ǳͬе˱ѺȥĴϷڳ뿪֮չ

ѲʹһЩ֤ݺһЩ֤, ȻаǰؼׯҰҴߣЩȻ˻ǻӲù, ûжҵļ˱ؼׯ˸˳ȥϴϱϱŮ˾ţ˴ָϾʹָؼׯһ꺺ӿʼ

ôһץиܴĺô, Ƿ֮ͬͬҲĸоǴۿ̬ԣŴ˴ֻ°˶ô˴ΣҪ°еܿվָλḾˡ

ʱǰŽéޣǳСʶһǴǸñӣ
һλé޺ָ̯ܽḾָϵ
һλϸһȥģϸ˶ԳźñӵСΨֻȴû뵽С类°ˣ϶㺦˳̼СӲٰ˶Ŀ

λĸϾǼٰӱӼˣǴ˵ָοϣ
һôˣܶϵĳҺزʶλע⵽Ҽʱ뿪ģ

˵ϵ˵ָϱɷʱѺȴڵݶһƬ侲ĶԲߡ

ϣм̽
֪ԼָʾʲôأĮɨſڣȴڿſʳеʱϵ侲һɨ⣬ֽ߬𣬺ݺݵſһۣ
ҷϣ͸ҳȥȣ
Ǹ侪İԼẺ´һۣôĶӣôģ

ǺǳֶϰΪĵûʳ߽η
ӣҴԵͰɣԣ
˵Сĵİʳзŵϣ̧ͷĶһԼ˳۵ĸ˱֤
ӣǱԩģϢͰѼķӺ͵ضˣģҾǸ浽ӡ

Ǹһû˿ĸж˶ըˣӵݶ
ҷϣ˭ӵģ
žžž
ǺӽʵʵԼӺüƣֱ䶼Ĳֱӣôôҵˣô׺ 

磡ŶûУ
Ǹ˴ۼ˲ָδˣŭĺ
Ҫҷϣ

أӡ
ϥһ򵽵ϱŸ˵Ĵȣ
һŬĸɻ¸ӣööء
ֱ˵ԶЩҵĶԼûǸ˶ɷĸ
***
һսׯĴڣ¿ϵ˶׷˳Ǹżĺ
塢塢λܵǶҼЪϢЪϢﷹ˶ֳɵġ

죡ﶼϢأǿȥҲ÷ġ
ɡõܶͷҲصܡ

¿׺Ҳǣ¿ԼҺͬգ
ɣԼֵܱôҶæ۸п㱸þƺòǿ϶

ΣֻöԸ¿ؼңûԺӾͿ˺СӴﱼ˳Զӹ¿жᣬ˽ݣ
Ǹ𣿡

Ǽ仰ܿɶ
ү̾
˵ûףﻹԱһ߶ԽԽģڼ˳ʵǸɶ

ȶӽݣȥϸ˵һ飬δ˵
ҿͦģʱʱţѾˣûܵɶţ͹֥һסҾ˾˼ǱҪҲ֪ʱжȳͽȥ㡣

үŷһģ
ȳҾסһ۳һ
үӵȷϢͷĺͶӻؼˣŮ˵óٺͶҵͨͨϢ

ˣȺƬѾŰѼĶˣⶼʰĸɸɾģûɶɵģԼ˱һŵ¨ߵϱ
û˵ȥԷҰ˾ͻء

ˣɷˣľͶˣʮиҪûأûϣŵķͷȥһˣ
أҽѾˣٳˣȥϸأ֪ӹ֥ھ˳˳ġ

ãֽǮҳһȥ
ųı¨լһžͿԺŻܵСߣ˹סȣЦţǣСߣſӵĸЦ
СߵĿȵ

⺢̫Ƥˣ
ͷϵĺ캢ӱˢֽۣ
ôôͻˣ͹֥ôˣ

С¯ůģѱ¨ŵϣ
ˣЩүż٣ȴ뾩Ҿ˾˼סŵǱ߽˰Ϳ뿪ˡ

ǾͺǾͺã
һҲˣоա

⣬
ҰǮˣ۰˽˰ɡ

Уǰ˹۶ɣ
ݺɣ
ȥ˵Ҫǽˡ

ܿ죬ɾǰŽţɶֻɴ˳ȥС˵©졣

ϴ󣬾ȴԼˣͳԼ˱һʱ
ּԺҴӼõĺֽʮʮƽʱֽұһȥܹʮǮʮ˹߰ġ
ͷӵıǮǾģԼ׬һĵģ͵ԼˣҲףҲûԼ׸ɵ˼οм׵ĵܵˢֽ´ҶĬϵġ

óԼ˱ɵһҳּʮᣬһᣬǷʮĹᣬ˵ĺֽҲǶԵġ

ǼȾϻɫֽõҲǺˣһ᱾Ǯ㿴Σ
Լ˱Ƹɿһۡ

ڼҹˣͰһɡ
ͷû飬ҸʮǾûҪ̫ˡ
ٸʮ߰˾ˣ

ĵͷ 
Ǯɴˣ

ˣ
ͰԼı¨򿪣˶ʮͭǮŵϣ߰Ҳţ

ϸо۾Ҫˣɹֽ׬ʮᰡ۾Ʈɺɣ֪׶ӿܸԼ

߼ֵһ֣Ǯܿ͵ˣѵм䣬óʣѴҳϵͿ
ţúʹˣ¿ʼˡ

ȻûؼǮðֽȾˣˢĺֽ͹㷨ֲһҪֽ˼ȾϣһȥʮĹᣬֶ˰˹ԼĸµͶãӴǶǮ˶ʮߣյֵĽ񣬱ϾϣͣǴԼð

ֻɫÿ˹ỹǱȲϴɣɷּ˰꣬Ҳ˵Ĺȥ

еûϼܹ˰˵ֽҪ߹ıǮԼᣬʮĹ۵ԼĹ˰ģҲ٣˼ֽ׬࣬϶ĺܣȴǿġ

⼸ֽ˽ʮᣬɶ߰˰ˣ⼸칦ôأ

ԭ꼯һȥ˼ңϱ˰˹ǮôӰѾͷ˵Ǽ̫࣬иѾͷ£רĴ壬Լ˷Ҳˢֽ

ⲻǮﻹҪݣǮûȥ֪ܲǷӣ뵽˴Ȼ˸ۣ
ҹҪƫȰҰשŴǮ㣬ȸ塢塢÷ǮȾݹ͸Ƿӡ

Ĭ£
ƫиǮ͹ˣʱȥŸɻֵǹܸǼҲҪɶǮġ

ɶɶһۣǴ춼ҪǷӣǾͲ鷳ˣ
ʱŵ棬ȿڣ
磬㿪׼ƫ

˲׶ܵ˼ŰԼļƻ˵ˣ
ԺӣȰأ

ļԺӣӸһ䣬һˢֽҲˣƫҪ䣬ëëҪǼһζ䣬ʡԺһԺֿӿݵġ

ϱرóԣҲҴգ±ˮˮƽرãֻûɶܣǸܶ˼ܹȥͲˢֽײܼǮƽʱÿֵعӣǻӵӣȿżһ¡

ƫɵһԼҾһʳûطţټӣ˼˶˿ɲסģ
ҪҲƫȻԺٸԺȷʵѰ죡

۸һȥ˵һ¹÷ҲкͶջеطӣ

У

ֵģһŽлỨɶɶӣ

˸Ĳȣȴ綼˺ҵĸף
ȻǵðǮȸ͹ȥ

۾һɣ
ôɶǷӶǸ˵ģ

ҵĵСҪ

һˣ
ң

ЦĿɬִӻͳСǮӣ
ģЩ͵͵ģţиѴʱٻá
һĸо͵͵˽ǮǺܲϲģ
Ǯֶˣ

ţ
ɴͷǰ˭˵ּҲ»ʮǮԼŵģʵķԼϣµǼɶûϣţûС¿ûСûСʳҲûУڶϱǮı·ǳɣҪǮԼֵģϱǮ͵͵ûˡ

ϽӹɵǮǮֻͷǮ̾˿

ɴǮ˼ңˣһͲԣ˵ŰǮǿǷӣһǮǮһգһСִţߴٵ
~~ǵǮ귿ǲԼƾɶǻ˭֪ûиǶǮȥҪ㲻ȥȥ
˵Ҫ

Ҳģ˵һľͷʯͷЩ
סϱĸ첲ȰҪϱլڣԼͶȫˡ

ʯͷľͷȷʵЩһ⻰סӣͷ
ҾǵǾСǿԣ㵽ʱɵð˼Ǻˣһʯͷһľͷ۲׬ǱˣҲ۸ǡ

Ǿ˸Ҹ

һլϰ꣬ԴͷˣϺϱϱʵһһȵίֹ࣬˭ҺһǷӰԶԶĻأΪ˴徲ϺǺЦ
⻹أȵǷʱ˵

˿ųĺ«ӣͷ͵
ԶԣļզǶһأ˵磡
˵ɩɩԸϱһһɩ۾






51.  С˼   һ

һĳݹ, Щŷּҵ˾ڼұǹźŰ꣬ǼҵǹǴӾǳ, ζȻãοгԼĻǡ

һõǽ보ĻʢпһƬƬǣÿһСӰ꣬Ͼ黨Ƿŵӵ
ųԡ
Ѿǹװӵĺɰ
ȥԣ
·ĺӻụȽ˭ǹó, ܿҵǹӱ, ģϾڼȫĺһĶ, Ҫ֪ׯӿɲֻһ˼ңܶ˼Ҷûġ

ǹµĿЩ, ֥ڼҹ, ôຢӵҲٽǺ͵ġ

Щͬ˻߶, ȥҼֵͬȥˣһ֧ǳɩڼҵȻּһûּҵĵϱ߶ҵϱ, ݰѱʣĲˮÿˮ˳豭ԾĿϱϱһԼ, һֲ̧ǹӸƷˣæ첽סתӣֵ, 
ɩ㿴㻹ôëëţ


æк

ɩ㲻֪
º󣬳λɩЦ棬
ɩɩӣ֪ҶԴ˲ʹ߶߶

ԼɩӣϸûлֻǳͶȥһʵû϶ҵĻ£沺ͺˣ

ϿɩԼֱһƤĻǳԣڴɩǰԼĲˡ

ʱصһǰȥҴɩ˵˵һȥţͿЦŽŵϱԼ˸ӣ
ɩҵ˿վˣۿס沣Ҫ׽׽

Ǹǣ
Ҫȥأ
еͷֱʵĵϱ׽

ĳҲϤҽŹĵһ꣬鷳ɩȥһȦҲȫ

Ǳ˵ĺƤˣ
£Ұˣ

ȥأԼһǽ֮ھӼң
ȥɩ
ԭŷϺԼھӼҸͲ죬أ˭֪˼һ㶼ںЦĻôģ
жɩúЩɩǶϤϤ
⻹Ƥҩˣ

ھӼϾ͸뿪ˣһ»ҴɩɣɩȥԼͻؼ˯

Ͽɩ̰ԵӣƲƲ죬ûöŴɩЦеʵ
ɩ˵ھֽ

ϡžŵĲһ٣
ɩ𣿡

ǣ
⡮ǡϱҲûѻ˹ദ˵ԭ򣬶Ա˴˵ݶ죬Ǹֶһ߹ùüҡ

Ǳ߷ϵ̽ЩϢƩ義֥ΪɶڼҹЩûõģ춼û˽ӻȥ俴һۣκζϸͷ캢ô࣬ɲ˽Щӿȥ˵

ͨݵİţϾʹ˸Ƿ
ɩӳ˯ᣬ۸˵

Ҳûվ
ҲȥЪЪ컹Ҫأ

ϳ˴ɩԺӾͲĶϱ˵
ҲҪؼһᣬ㻹ȥ˭ҾԼȥɣ

ϳӸɩģλ߱˼ңµ
ҲȥЪˣۼţߵ̫ˣһأ

ԼأֱЦˣ
ɲţҶˣҴӵ¿һߣ
˵ŤͷߣСۣ㣡

ϲ֪ϱ˼һأæĺܣһξ͵˳壬һ磬ɷһİСѾͷţ 
Ҹ˸ѾԺ˵һѾͷ֧ʹ

Сݣ̫ү̫̫
ϾԺĿǸĻëСѾͷԼͷ
ΣֱѾͷ˺ŷӦĻֱǻƺˮԼǻͷ˸˵Ż£ 

ڼﶼɻСѾͷҲõÿˢֽһѾͷԶʳ
ãȰɫ԰׵ޣô
ҪǲѾźҲһ

ӻʳȥ˵ĺӣ
֣
ԼɻզԼѹǮѾͷۼҵǮǺƣ

ȻĻҲ̾˿Լֻׯ˼ңȢǷͬĹӵģϱźһ治ӵģ

»ǲҪ˵˰ɣѾͷǰʶһ˵ٶ඼ϹģǶļɵĻ£
ϱüĿ𣿡
һ⻰˵ֻ˹ɵĻ¿ˣ⼸ɴ˲˼ң
ҶҪȥ

ĸģ


***
壬Ƶ  ½
һ¿˺Сӽ˾ԼļҵˣһھҪûǮɲС

·Ͽ¿ӱޣҲڵȵ˽Լ̫ӸΣ
Ϊʲôǽ̫ӸǻʹȴԵɵġ

ǼҼž۵ӣʼҲͬˣʥ̫Ҳʮ꣬漸СĸףԼøֻһŮٰھʹĹշǳǢ

³ëڷĸвϡ棬̫ĸǰһųʵ˻ʺǰʺ̫˵˴ɺ;ĽѣëһŮȥԴ˳ȥаװ׵ëǺУ
ůǼаůǲˣ

㹻ˣ
ʺ̫Цζ
ëһֱǴֱ֮ܳ£ǼֵԶЩ̰

⻰̫һΧŮһ֣
Ƕȥţ

֮ʺļ
ĸ˼Ըֵĺã

뷨أ
ʺԼϵ裬
˵޷

̫̫ӶԼ˵ëʱɣ
Ϊպֶһֿѡһ£
ĸɫƽ̫Ļһת
ԶԣƾԭûвԭĶ࣡
ʺ΢Ц̫Сϻ۷ǳ⣬ǰԭ˼Ҳܶأ

ĸˣ̫װյ˵
ȴ֪ë֯Ѳѣ

һСżȻãҲѵȥֻѽˣ
ܵûʵʢĻʺ󣬴ϻۺһ˿ɱȡ

˴Ҫʶһ֯ںδ
***
ۿһȥﻹûϢ֥ޱȣﲢݣ̫עĿС˵Ҳóֵｨ衣

⼸Сһ㶼ûţҪרŽ̹صֵѵҹҪܹ֥;ĸֵֿܳͻ״˵ģÿʳϰ߶ˣ׳һȦ԰ڸ֥ޱޱϸ֫ӲŤһ硣

Сֺ̹ÿģк꾫ζˣ
֥ڴ߿ֹô˵Сһˣ˽컹иѡ


ޱޱЦǰϣ
꾫ζɧ𣿡

ѾͷЦ̣
ˣ׷Ź֥Ѿͷ

ʧЦ
ǺӺð㿴Ĵģ

ˡ
ţЦȻֹϽ˼Ӽ䣬ȹøԣ
ԵĻЩׯ˼ҲôĶ໪ʧҲá

ӵġ
ڶżҴĳƺȹӺ⣬⻹Լһδ廨ȹأ

ҹڴϣ֥ҪСģʻ
ס˵˵ٴʵǧ˵ʵ֪˵֪ľ˵֪иط˵ģһ㡣

ֱͷޱޱԱգ۾Խù֥˵е

С̣סҪë֯·֦֯棬Ҫ˵ô֯ôѧģģһͿˡ

Ҫôⷨզ죿
֪ܣֵԼŪȥˣҵͷզ졣

ǲԭģǿصǽ
֥ƶ˵
Сӣʵϣ˵˻Ҳͯ޼ɵţµġ
Լʱʹ֥ʲô£Ҫǲ˵иʲȥ

Ȼȷʵ֥²⣬ЩλȥĴԴͷֻҪ֪ȷʵģĵطûҲøǶ⣬ȥһСզ֦֯ߣ

˳壬ȻԲ²һӺݹĵ̫
Լëŵ̫֯Σ͹ˣ






52.  Ժ   ߴĹ

ߴĹ, ̨߲ףɱĿ, ӵĿ⣬ǳԻʹӡСĻػԼȥ˼ʶɫɫˣĲˣ

Լһһչʾһ׼򵥵ëë㣬ëǶ, ëûʺ̾, 
ȴǺɵ˼ּů

ȡ롢Բë, ϵëٵĳһӰ, ëȷʵСѾͷ֯

, ñҲԣ
ŮĻʺԾԾ, ٶȣϸϸ
뿴ֻӴ˿д, Ѻ߹ɣʺ֯һУ˵򵥵˼飬Ȼֱ, Ҳϲ֯֯Ŀ죬ʤڷͺʵ֯廨ѧ, ȷǣ
ƣ

磬ӻʹ˺ܶʹ֮ﷵ˶żңҾͷԼסͽˣЩһֱЦʾ˵ļǿѾͷŸ׿޵ϡﻩ
ءˣ

úӣ
ۼŮɽĲ̤ʵŮļ
Ҳɩˣʵ߲
϶ϱˣϱҲˣǶϵһˡ

ˣ
ΪЦϲ
Ůޣ

ǸСѾͷɸˣ

ǿɲﻹϲŮ޶Щ
ţɽ΢Ц˵ֻҪԼޣŮ޶ã

С̣Ⱥȿˮɤӡ
֥ĶһȵˮС̹һ춼ûˮ˰ɡ

㣬еģȵ 
ޱޱҲŹ֥ӣʢġ
͹֥˵ľޱޱˣѾͷˣ
ϿѾͷһȺ͸ˣоŮ˺ܶ࣬ȴ֪ԼŮͻãֻûҰԶѡ

˱ˮֳЩģŰսһһ
̫ͻʺﶼǺº͵ˣҲÿǻҼֵü˼ĶصȵȣҰëߵǵ֯һΣǶɣʺﻹ֯һУ˵ĸҺܶʹ͡

һʹʹҶˣȴû뵽Ӧ֮ãɽæʵ
Ըǻؼ𣿡
ΪףȻ

ҡͷ
ҾҪ̫Ӹë̫֯˼ҪסգЩϴҲ˵һʡĵ

֥æʣ
ûܴܲѾ
ֻҪʧ񣬻ʺҲΪһСŮס̫ӸͲһˣǿѰ֥ԼչС̣ԼϴС֣


ֲں
̫ѾչңôѾ
˵Ѿѽ֥̫Сˣ̫ôģԼһȥԼһ˵ţ˽ȥ⼸۷ǡ

Żϴ̫ӸԺǼ˵̫ǰգ¾Ժӣֻ̫̫һˣ̫ȻʶȤǳ⣬̫ӸвڿڵĿģΪһŮˣ̫Ů˶һ̬̫ⷬ⡣

ʵëͽ̫Ӹëߴӷĵ֪֯޲޲

ëһҪ̫ɹĸ͸ζһ룬
ëѾ͸ͷᣬӵ˵ˮ
ˮϴëŵĳӺۻ࣬Ƚһʱɹɾͻ
̫ۼ֤ëڳ±ס

ëûζζ˻ֻϸëߣҲջ˼СѾͷĻһʦ

̫̫ͬ£һն̤ëԺӣֱԼ̫ΪԼ֯ĺɫëñӣžԼ󲻽ʧЦ
ȻЩȴůͣ

̫Լ쵽̫ǰ
£㿴ҵ֣

۵۵ˮݺԺ׵ļӣģ̫ůĴס޹ǵƣʳָĦź֮һƬϧ֮ɫ
Щˣ

Ϊ·ǳ檷֮¡
῿̫ӻ̫Цһ㣬
ȴ֪һΣ

Ҳ˵˴˷ѧһʴٰѴ˷֮Ƚ񶬰վµˡ

ǳϣ
ʱڸԹ֮ɣ

أһʮļһ棬Ҵйɵ
·Ը


ۼŮȫҲ֪ԼھﲻæĳɽӾ׼ؼˣҾ˾˸ȴ
ҽտԺӣ˼ȴǮǺʾͰԺˡ
󲻹ͷֻһһʮӺʮǮһʮᡣ
ķۣԼǮĲ١

ȥ׬˲
ԴȤһɷּҺ룬ǲˣ
ǰھ˰ºֽ׬ʮᡣ
е㲻˼ɫеȻ
ⶼǸž˾մĹ⡣

ɶմⲻմģԼܸɣԺӻǵʰʰһҰᾩҲģʵڲǼĶҲûϵȶӴٽҲС

˾˿ǵĿ湻ԶģӦ
ãȥǺðˣ

ɽһŮҪھԺǸ˶ 
Һ϶ӵ¿ȻȥߺúԺһһȥػ㡣
˻ͦеģ

Ҫ˵Ŵķۣ֥ļǵһ㣬ǰǰһƪоʷ۵£ǵľĸǵķߣȻʷһ⾩ǵķֻûе˵ο³ץס

⹫͸׵ĶԻܵм䣬⹫Цģ
⹫

Ǻǡ
ɽԼĳӺԵá

Сε˲ҪҲһ͵ˣ
֥⹫ȡ


ɽԥˣѾˣеǸˣ¸ˣ˭ֳ£ŻܳɣԺ˵ûܽӣӺβϣβܶҲôܿԻɣԽԽĶզ죿
ҪҲȥ

ǺҲ޷ҷӺûǮһȻؼҸҽﱨƽ
Զõ˿̰ģģӦá

ҪԺӣԺӿѡһһҲ

ԴǺܿ͵˵طλòզã·ϵĿӿݾ֪طס֮ҪƫƧĶࡣ

ȵһһԺӣҪһٰʮᡣ
ͦһ᷿¥ӺһС԰ǵ־ס֣ӣͳɽԺӺ⣬ɽĴԼȿ˿ڣ
ɣԺӲɡ

ҲԺӣȰ
ԺҼҲԶʱҿ԰Ӧš

Ծǵķ˽ͷ֥ȴȳ
үү㲻˵һԺһ뿴Ǳߡ

Ҳã
ԵͷԼ˵ԺӣھͿһȷʵ

һԺӣҪ۶ʮᡣ

ô˵Ժӣ֥ɶϣҲ̫
˰ݶש߷¶ݻɫӲש̵ĵطǿĻᣬļܿЩ΢˳֥С

ԺӣǲסˣƫⷿӵʱǵĺܺãҲֵЩǮסҪȴظǣҶ㣬һʱȥȻԺھֵġ
Խ͵

ֱͷԺһĶˣھǹؾֵٹᣬƷ氭£ûأ

ʼӾ󣬹֥ҪԺӷȤһǽϳϲķǽһӣ
𣿡

ǣӵķӵ˴ȡˮ㡣
Ƿ½ˮӵ࣬ˮ㡣

֥վڸߴܶһȦ㣬½̫һںӱ߿ţֿ⵹ǲԺӸ⣬ǮԼҵ̫

үү֪ôԺⷿ𣿡
ȴ֪õһ¡
Ժӻٽ𣿡
һӦúûġ

һ߻ߵŮһߴԺӣŮ˼ҲˣֲסϲصӣԺӹ󣬾Ǯһٹأʵ
̫ˣò˻һأοԺô£ٵȵȿ

ԼȻԺӣôѡĸԣֻһԺͷԣЩǶԺӾҪ֮ˣٺ»ӣ⼸ûɶҲ˰ʮǮŮ׻磬ԾȰðݼҵ˭ôּҲһһʮļҲʱ֥˼ûԣ״ҲԺӡ
Ժ·λòӲȸϡ
Ե

Ǵ濴ԺӣͷʣµĶʮӣҴʮǮҲȸϣȰԺˣԼ˵ǡ
ɽҲԺӣǸиĺãؼԺӸĲԶԺŮǶھסи飬ð

ǮȻˣԺͳɽĳķԣԺӾͶ
ȥ˿ܱܲЩʡǮ˰ѷʰ¶ǺõģԪڷӿɺˣʱüǮ
ϲӯӯļƻţҵԽԽˣЩ߶˼ʲôҲиġ






53.  ׬Ǯ   ˳

˳, һӶܸˣԵҹζ, ֱȥǰͬŵа̸Ǯ

֥յ׸ǰſûأʶԺʡٵĲʶ 
ܹ𣿡



滻ְ
ָ֥ŵһ˵

д˸ҡ
һֽŮ֥һֺǳԾ
, ϵ, ļٵģ

û룬Ů˵￩һ,  
ǰηְɡ
ʱо̤ʵˣ

ɽҲ˹ϵֵǺһµ, ֹ, ̸˼Ǯ߳˾, 
ɿҪ

ô
ȥ»һֵĵҪ˰ǱĹء
Եѽܵ

˰٣
ȡһ

˻
࣬
ô󣡡
ԼⷿӾҪ˰

֥ȴ۾һ, ôͣǻϽˣ
͵үүļ۽˰, ⷿӶ֪˶ˣûǰ˵飬ⷿסĲ̤ʵ

ɽǲ, ŮģŮҪҲҪ
ֱдŮ֡

Ҫ򷿵˶ô׾ͺˣ
ԵѰŰʱмӣ
ǶʡǮȴ֪жΪⷿӴ˾˼ԽԽֻ࣬Ҫͽ£

ĺ˳
ߣ֣ҼҺȥ

Ǿ߶ˣ˵۶ûһȾˣһ㶼Ҳˣ

Կɲ⻰
ĪԩңҼûǶæ

Ǻöûôæﷸ˶ز£ŹһЩȥȻǶûЪϢ

***
үү⹫֧ԼԺӣ֥ܸжһ뵽ҪǷһٶӵծ˶̫ˣԽһת
׬Ǯ

Ǯ
Ůһгȴܻɣ
ĪԽ

֥Լ۵ļԳ
㿴С첲СȣҲûʱ

֪ͺã
ŷģûŮ
ۼҿǱ˼ңͶǮ̹

ţ
֥Ӧţλθ׵ĸ첲
ⲻǿ쵽ԪҾųʳ

һʳԷģŮóԵķ滹Щ츳ģ
ʱɶģ

ڼĿͶô

ʿˮ൱ĺģ

ģؼһЩǩ˸ҴٰҼЩӰϹӰҴ

ǲʱԣͬ⣬
ܰڸʳ̯ӣ׬Ǯеأ㳤˵

ɽԱ˼ҺƣŮԼڼԼģǮǮˣҲ׬ǮʳȷʵǸ⣬Թ֦ĳԵ֮ţ
ɣ֦Ӳһɣ

֥ͳ⹫Ц
Ҿ֪⹫ˣ

˵ˣæһӵϾ;ⲻף
ʳ̯ӲôðڵģôҲ÷żӣЩĺλͱռˣ˵ˮǻҲȫ

̣ʳ̯ӲӣҲùưţҪõ㣬ҽȸһݳǳԹͶƱΣǷԵ˳һ룬Ҿʹͷ
֥˵

ԣ
϶⣬
Ҫ׼ʲôʳ˵ھȥ򡣡

̰򼸿鶹УҪȥϡ
֥ڱͱõͬµӻЩȻȣҽ⹫
⹫Щһһĥɷۡ

ɽŸߦߦߦǱĶгƬ͹

֥Сϣ˺һģˮ

һĴⱻȵɰײ֥ڻ¯ߵɰЩˮֶɣָ⹫˹ȥ

Ĺһ׼

С¯ϣ¯ϵƽ׹˵֥ͣ˵֥Ρ⡢ȻȥζƮѼõͶʢ˸Ʒ
ôζϲ𣿡
һȦֱͷζõǶڲ˵

Ҽһר¯ӣʱǩӵˣͶֱӵڻϿζãϴ롣

ͷѾ׹֥Ҫɶʳˣ
Ҽ⴮ģǶ򣬵Ĺͷ⣬ⶹ治
Թֻ֥֮׬ǮǸȥʰ⣬
Ҳ⴮ֹױҲ磬Ͷزˣֱ˻ȡ

ãǮ󣬴Ҳˡ

жģ˰ѹ֥ҪĶˣ֥Ϥ첽ܵſڣ
үүզпˣ

׺Ӹ¿ϵĶŰԺӣŵȱȲ裬
˵˸ԺҳոޣҳпվһۣҪЩҪ׼

ҵԿ𣿡
֥ʵûүүҲԿףȡүү

ˣŵĺúõģ
׺ԼǮӣ
⼸һסڿջҪ¾ȥҡ

ż˴û뵽ʳôСŵöණǶûε裬һǩӣ֥ǩһ
ľ̿Ŷ෽㣬رǿ⴮̵ģ㣿
֥˫ĵ

Ϊˣ
ͷϵС˶Դɷ޵ͬ飬
Ϊ˿ڳԵĿڡ


Ȼóԣ㰡㣿Ǹզ㷨

ֳɵ⣬֥⴮ᳵ·ģǩӶǾ˷ĥģȺʹϸǡôˮǳ˳ãһѣι۰Ͱ͵ˣʳһװ
壬ţҳȥ͸񡣡

ޱޱôСĸʳйֳģæǰ˹
ȥģȥ
ʱѾͷЦеĻˣ
֥б£һ⴮˸̯λ
Ŷ˵

̯λҺˣҪĳʳҲȫ˵ľͨһ̶õĶͰ˼ңΪҪСһȦģǼ˼Ҳץʱ

һ̳ӴͣŮҪըͶҪúܶͣ˾˼ҵǲԣ

һջһը˳죬
ôһըóǺóԣ˭ôը
ʵըĶҲͣղ˵ʱЩͶóԡ

˵𣿡
веҪԲ֪֥˵ģǳԵģ˻ؼԼҲ˷ѡ

ҷֻǮ죬㿴磬Ŷöˡ

Ǯôûͷɲġ

Ҳǿһӹ⿿һٺ»̫ˡ

ѵҲ㲻˼Ц

ɶЦģǵɾûй˵ˣô൱ٵӲҲɶģ۹⿿ǵٺ»ֽˣҪðʦûܳʦ񡣡

ʲô֣Ǽûûӡ


̾

֥ڸ޵ĶԻʲôʺλأүүԼôԺӣԼӹĻ˽ͣеⲻȥ
***
ĸһ궼ЪҵŹԱڽ½ʼӪҵֱԪڲŻָ֣ԸӶԪҪĽա

ʮϾ½лƹ˳ͬڹʱһɫĺɫĲãҹЩҲ

ϣӵĵʼ涷ޣǰҲ֧̯ӣԼƽʱĻҲ˳ɫ£Ļ¹˵Ǯӡ

Ź
ʯԺȭĳӺ
ȥҹȥ

ӵȻҪֶ顣
䲻Ÿȥֵо֮أҹɫϲ֪ʫԡ

ʯջ
ҷһرóԵĳʳ벻ȥ
ʳ ÿιţһץһ׼

ˣ
ŹԺ䣬ԻģָԶĲТ
СÿкóԵĹӣӷ

ɢĳæȰ͵
ףԩˣÿʳǶТϵġ

ߣʳдĺóԣ 
Źһһ˼һתԺӴߣ
ҽ쵹ҪȥֳǸʲôóʳ


լ
ĸ׵Ժ
ĸףҾͳȥһʱҹҺþûȥˣ˵ĻƱȥÿиֳʳ̯Ӷƽʱѵһġ

Ԫȫȥ
̫̫Ϊ

̫ˣһ㲻档
벻ģһϼҰĸҰˣԪھҪ飬Ҫ⼸档

̫̫ǲͬ⣬һʧʹת뿪Բߡ

ĸף
žĸЦ
ҽ£ʹܳ͵һῴȥƫƧ֮

ֵܶͬȻģ
̫̫ͬ⣬
˶ĵطҲĪȥǧɢˡ
***
֥̯Ӱӻǰһӿ⴮ĴۣȻ

ѾͷĲ⴮
ʯΧ֧Ŀ̯ת˺üȦû⴮ǲģԼӦſڰ̯ӿԵţѾͷ߯صȻƭ̯ӡ

ҪҰҾ򵥵ġ
֥εæĺðɣ⹫Ըµ̿Ѿˣһ贩õͶԱߵļϣҪĿأ






54.     

ҹǧձ, 糱ˮ㳯ҹӿԪڵҹ̯ÿ֡

ѾǵĹ֥еĲ˽, ˵ĳд뷻ĽޣټϵʥϰʱӳٵƳϣҹŸտʼ

̿ĺ濾£̡ɽֿٵķתһˢһϣζʼ, ·˿ʼͶĿ, ֻǿĶ࣬פ, ܿ죬һѿѾˡ

֥̽ͷ￴һ, ƯСҪҪȸЩ

Ժ, ʯųɢŲ˵еڨڨ, 
СѾͷ˵ҵ⴮ֻشҪٴ

֪Ҳϲ⡣
ɢһԹϢ
ǹƭҳţ

, 㲻֪
ʯ˫͵ȭ¶ζĻζ, 
ǺܲѰ⣬㵽һӳ˶û

ף
һߣ˵кóԵľԼ, ȴǳԵ˰ɡ

һ˵ͺ죬ʯеΣ
ҪҴȥ¥㼸òˣ

ȥ
ЩˣټϹķ˶Ӷ࣬ϳҲʳĺʳûأûϣֻǿɲøײɺ
ȥתתͻؼˡ

ߵС˸һţͿƹһһţ
ҡӣСѾͷĿ

ᡱ
ʯıԼͬһ£˵ζֱ˱ǻһشһֶ⣬
ɳԳʲôģ
ʯӳԵδ˶ӵ˼

ֻȴ磬´˸׻ᵱЦȫҪؼң˳СѾͷˡ

ʳ󿪵ζĺ·̽ͷפ㣬֥е⣬㲻ͬðֻզоЩ˵񿴵λò̫ԣ

⿾ʲôشζ㣡
ѯȴǴӹ֥ϲͻͷ
С磡
һɫȹСѾͷԼЦĲãȫͬŮӵ飬һӾеܲסĶ˼ָ֣ǿĻȵĿ˾䣬
⿾ʲô

˳ָķ򣬹֥æ
⹫˵𣿡
ɽѶһտõģ֥ӹߵ̨ϣڵĵݵƯСǰ
С磬ǿͿ
Բ²⣬֪ƯСǱζģǸղԼͽݵûԹأ

˵ζڱǼ⣬ղź͸˰оûԹأûס֣СѾͷεһůů
ζ

Դ鲼顯⻷һ̨ϣǱȵƹɾ˹˵Ŀ⣬ҹжأҳҪĿĻΪ˿þ
ԪڵĻһҵĹӺͽӸһ

ۿԽԽӿһͻظĽŲϻͷСѾͷ˵˾䣬
ղһһӽ 

һµӰʧź֥̯ǰ˲伷ˣ
乫һĿǮ
һǮһ
֥Ŭѹס۵ĴģһǮļˣ

ʼ۵һˣǿһ֣Ȳһڣ
ۣóԣ
뿪Ĳ̯ͣһɤӣ
ٸʮ

˵
ҵģ
Աߵ˲ˣʮһǵõȶá

а
ɽϵĿϼһţЩľ̿ϵһȣͷˡ

֥ͶһһţΧųһӰ
һܷŶٴ
µĹ˿;ʹˡ

ʮ÷ŵġ
֥ĵ
ԴҲüܿͺˡ
ǰͿʼĬ㣬籨ҪϾֵˡ

Խ࣬ζԽˣֵǰգǰͷܶոձ˻Ź˶ǰҴһȦ ô£
Ӵֱ磬ǱԼСϳӣæǰк
үү乫Ӷأ

ף
游

ʯ˵ĺóԵȥ
ŹȲʵ

׬ǮҪԼ˹СҪúţ֥Ӳʮܵ
ƹүүСҪģ鷳͹ȥ

תۼӾͽ˺ԺС
˵ʳ
ŹһתһȦ
ʲô⣡һȻζ
ŹСĵ쳢һ

ɢʳʱڵࡢǡôԼȻе޷ڸǵζ
ҾȻ˶ζɣôζ
ϸϸܻζ󣬳ԹαӳԹ׶ŹһӾͳʳģǲţȷⶹû⡣

ףûԹĿ⣡
ʯȴø׼ʶ٣ֻ⻰˵еˡ

˵ʲôûԹģҵʥʱϷɵˮεĵܵʲôû

Ҳп⣿

ôп⣡
Źӵۣû𿾳ľͽп⡣

ʯˣʥǸ׵ҫ˵ã
ףҴһݿؼҸȫҶʲô˼ζ

ô鷳ʲôǲҹ̯ӵ̯ڼֿҲڳ̯

˼ֻǰڸС̯ӡ
ʯΪѵԼҸЩأĪСѾͷ

ѵΪ˼ҿǣŹת
Ǿ¥һӶɿɿ죬ʱ⿾ÿ͹ȥһݣĸǶ
***
˳ֳֿߵ˰ζҹУĺܶϲζѯʣ
ʲôô㣿ģǮ

һǮɺóˣ
ĴûԹ㿴ⶹ飡
ıģ

Ǹӻ֪

ҰȻñ˰ڳʳ̯ӣ

Щ֪˾
ǿ϶óԣ

ǿڱഫɣŴµյ붼ˣĵеĶӶŴ
磬Ҷˣ

ȥԣ
Ҹղһҿóԣ
߰ɣ·
ѵôܵܳ棬žͶˡ

ȸ˴
ò׼ȥ볯̯İǮǰһȴ˻ȥ̯һСѾͷֿ죬
Ѿͷҵ̯Ӱ

ҪǮĹ֥һۣ
Ǯأ

ٺ١
һЦֱƹ̯ܵ˺棬
ĿҸǮ˼𣿡

ɶ˼ģ֥ɺ򰡣ǰȻ뷨ԼҪǮǶǵģ֥Ȼòԣһﲻᡭ

СԼҵ̣ɽջͷʵ
֥ʶģ

֥ҧ
ǴҵݣǰҺҵŹӡ
˼ȷʵԼ

ɽһܼͷٳ˼Ͷŵͷϣ
ŹӣԵȣϸ

ӣôȥˣأ
һ漷˽ȴԼҶ˼̯ˣٶһѾͷզָ

֥⹫õĿ˹ǰѶ첻Сһ
㣬˴Եģ

ſϲ̵ĳȥˣ֥˿ˡ
˭֪ɵ̫ˣ˼ҳȥѿһ֣˶ǣСûԹ

磬ղͬ¥ۣҪȥһ㡣
žѾӻ֪˶ԼȹСӣ
ǻûԹ

ٺ٣֪ߣҲ
ʦ㣬ʱ㣡
ͬ˵ʦҲᵽȥӻ֣Źĵ̣Ƿġ

զֻˣ
֥ȥĶˣʵ
ҿæ֡

ҵĴ紩ˣҲҪϴ룬Ҫ˰æ
Ҫæڼﶼˡ

㿴ô࣬˲Ǯô죿

ҪȸǮٸ

ͳŴͷð⹫һָ
⹫ʹˣҪҪЪЪ㿾
СĿİɣǾÿ档

㣿ҳӵİɣ
֥ûסʵ˵˳

ۿ˺ܶ࣬⹫һæ۵Ĳᣬ
⹫ºȱˮЪЪһ
ɽº󣬰Ѽӵµһݸ
СֵҲЪЪڿ˲࣬һɡ

֥һʣķſԱһˡ
ʲô
밤ÿӶţеųζеľͲԣټϣ
ΪʲôҪۣ
Ϊʲô

Կ
֥һѿݸԱੲݵͣгԵĻ²ס죡

ģ뻹ĥһŵԱܲˣһ̿һȷ磬óѾͷע͵͵¿

游͸׺ӴţʰʱæµĴԼǰת֥꣬ߵĶתͷЦŻ֣Ա֮ԼƵԺﻹһĻԭһжע





55.  ̽   ȴ˵

ȴ˵ǿʰʱ, 
乫йӵķ
֥Сֵ̾ٷ, °䣬Դǡ鲼顯⻷ĵ갡һ۶Ӿܣ

̾ҲȸԾ˷ܣĪǲ̨׵깫ӾͲ˳ۣССѾʶһ
װǻưˣ

㵹Ҳװһ
֥˺ǲм
֥, ǵвŻ, 𣿡

ʵҲǸ꣬κҪ˭Ȳǣ乫ӱȣǻ治, 벻ȲŻԵõȭͷ, 
ȭŹ򣡡

֥䲻ϰ, ȴ˽ʱ¸˶ϰ, 乫ͦΡŲӯ϶һղֻǻϻһ䣬û˱ȥ˼, ӻҪ˳
˵ܷ߱ڡ̤ѩ޺ۡҶ, ļٵģ

˵˵ĺܺҵʦ, һ˵á

ܺɨһƬ
֥ԺΧһȦˣһѳʹȫſ֡

ɣ
ԺǹʹΧϵҶȷʵɨɾ

ۣ
֥ļС

Цĵ⣬βͶҪˡ

ںŵеˣվۣӿ쵽˰ɡ

һӽһסַϽֲ鿴һ˴һϢԼȥ

ҵһγͿΧ£Ⱥ̯ܵӺ͹֥һ¾ȥ˼ﶩ
ٸԽԽãһˣ
ʱȫ꣬Ҫʱ䷢ͣ⻧˼ұΪʱҪѾæ죬һҪô࣬˯ˣ⻹ֻǸʼӽ쿪ʼһùһ죬ҲûʲôģֻǳԵԼֵˣö˼ڼֶ˸׬Ǯ·ӡ

ܳɸϸ͵

ԣҪһ㡣
ҪһҹĽݣټϱԼÿһɸӶôҲ粻ˡ

˼ңĸ׷ѿŵ̿ܿɢζ
ĸףҹóԵʳТ͸׵ģ׻ûĸȳ

Ѿɢױ̫̫Щθڲѣ¾ܾ
Ѿϴˣٳ԰ɡ

ֵİѿٵĸǰǷֺöĸ׷ڴ
ĸףǶûһζرóԣ

̷̫̫˶ӵТģΪѳ˿ڣһʧˣӽŵݹһҲ˶ǣȻûһ˿θŶ۾Цͷ
ζȷʵ

ĸϲԣȥ
̵ĵ

̫̫ʧЦСӿ̰ͣ
ֲ˵Ļõԣ⼸úӣʡϿʱԿͷ

ĸ~~
밧һĸ׸˻ȥ̫̫ĺЦĿϻʣĴſڵк
ǼֳַˣҲδԹʳ

СĵĿ̫̫һۣǰӺûסС
ү

̫̫۲һۣ
໰

˿ڻش£ղ˶ǣ޵θڻͦϲȥСľǸؿڵģĪǸŮ

Ȼտ̯Ӻ˲˵ע⣬ĶԵֱҡͷ֮ǾͳеĵϣǵȴǩӣǩӵļǮȶ˰ɣ
һǮһⲻ׬ߺͼʲô
䣬ﶼµĴʣͼʲôأ

ⲻͼ˿ܻήͳɱС˳óɽ˿˹
үǩģǮΣ

ɽľԼǩӣ
ģҼõһǧһġ

ôˣ
һϲ
үһЩ˭أ

ɽָĵ
㵽ӻʰɣǰϵġ

ٺٺ٣֥ں͵ЦɶԼ׬Ǯأ

͵ֵʱһ׵ǽӰһӾһѿ˹
磬㳢ʵóԣ

ԬԶֵ̯˻ӹûˣֲô
ǿɳŵֵԼΣ

ܳ⡢Ȼⶹҿûһɫͣըģֻһһ׬Ǯ
һóԵֵܣЩŵ

ǽ˶ĳ𣿡
ٴеġ

ٴĿ׬ģ

ǩһǧһģô͵ļǮǿܣҲ׬̫ˣ˵ôһأ

һһһ׬ǻ׬ǲһһ켸Ǯ
Ԭ
򼸴ȥĥĥԼҲڸ̯ӣôֵܶеĳëˡ

磬̯Ӱڵ⸽𣿡

ٲӣͷšԶ

Ǳ֥⹫Ѿ̯ˣ嶼ʰĿտյľ裬ʣµľ̿ɢ̿һưˮ׾˻ԴӰ˵װˣҵһӸ˼ҡ

㣬ܹ˶ٶģÿٴϼٴؼʮöͭǮͳȥһĿȻ

֥ϴ￪ʼĬ룬С˵ǩӶȥʮݣǾһǮȥӻ̵ĳɣԼܼŰģٸ忪ЩǮ׬еģ

ޱޱŸڴͷˣǮǮǮߴֹ̱

ͱȲ㣬λһĹǮҪȥ
֥òԣһ䡣

ޱޱգգ۾һʱ֪˵ƾɶҺ͸Ĳ㣬ɩӵ㣬˵ɩֻǰæ㹤Ǯ

֥۶֪ʲô͵
ǶλըģҲǸģŴӰҲӦ㣬ʱĨͷһ
֥˵ĻͦģʵǲզɻûﵹæͲˣټϳôҲҪ㱾Ǯİ

ޱޱ˵ĵͷ
ɩҲҪǮģǶǰæѡ

֪
֥۾Сã
飬㱾Ǯһˣ㲻ΪǰæͲ㣬ⱾǮͲ׼ǰæ˶ˣ׬٣˵ʱû﹤û׬Ǯʵǿզ죿

ޱޱŻȻԭĸɩһĹǮ
˱ǮʮģǾǾ׬ġ

ɣ
ѾĹ֥ͷ
һ죬ö˻֪ۼҵٴһϹĸ࣬ҵĺܿ˸磬ϣǴϰ̯ӣߵӰ첻󡣡

û£˵ҪĴ̿ʱһοĶЩɡ
ޱޱֹ۵

⼸׬ǮҲ͹̿ˡ
֥̾˿Ǯļѻȴףܻѡ

ɶԪڹ˻бĽأʱ¡
ޱޱĵҪԼ׵С٣Ҳܳȥ̯˺ðɡ

֥һүүһ˶æǶѾһ壬͹Ѿըˣ⹫ŰѴͷڶֻ򣬹֥ͦģˢ˹ȥ
⹫˭ôֻ򣿡

Сģ˵ǰſٴ⣬Ҳ֪ĲֵãɴһֻԼʣµѡ

Ƥ񣬹֥ʰ·磬ͬһֻ

֥㿴ʰƯ
Թ֥šŵĳɽǳļƵİ˳һתԵá

Ư
֥⹫۾¶ͬΪԻĬ

˵ˣޱޱڹʱĳͻͽʶ۹ⳬԽֹһΣʱŹ֥׷ǳģֵۣŮһ֮ǹʡЩʱŴżָһҲǿӸɻˡ

Ͷ϶ըˣȴǩСӵˮţæһһ˺
Ȼֻǲһ
ʵͷ⡢Ӹзζֻʰ̫鷳
ȷʵǣҲϲӣǰʰڻϴԺԶųԡ

ʱ¶ûʲôʲˣ˷ѿ磬һ²Ĳɫ̰ԼĽһЩ⣬ƽʱɼҶӳ˵ģù֥˲٣Ǿ䣬һκͷⶼ˵ס

æµʱر죬ּһֻ򣬹֥Ϊʡ£һֻĹͷˣӡͷһ˹ЩԷԣ˴׼ƤⶼճһֻˣҲ˼͸˼Ҽɣ֥ռ˵ӡ

¥ϯ
ӻ̵СһʳУҵҲͬˡ

¥ϵİŹһѾЩθСˣĴ˼綨ˣҪҲҪЩʱ䣬⿾ȵˡ

ֿͰ˰ӣСƴӶҵʳ˳һɰһɫĺ⣬ͨôһǱʾ֥һ̬ȣֻɲ඼ˡ

ҵʳо뿪ˣĶǹˣûдսģ͵Լˡ

֥Ѿ⹫ʼ֧̯ˣһζеĻţֻ˵ͱˣųʳ̯Ӷ˾¡

ù֥ˣ̯һ֧Ͼǰȴ֪򴮻͵ѧգ֥ҲģģȴζõĺһģϷӶûɶˣͬУԼȥǩӣǾ׬ˣ

ʯŶﵽԼСѾͷ֣֥СܽӣԴĵ
ÿ춼æģ졢춼⡣
ԸƤ˾͵õ˵ףȻװ

ʯеڨڨȻڵĺӰһöԸæĵ


Ǿͺã
֥һ⻹˼СһתҪ뿪

ȵȣ
ʯæס
СѾͷķӿɿ
ǺտʼԼΪ⣬֮žζͬԼԹģȴ壬һ㶼ûζѵóһ˺üӣĺܲҲԻĸ޺óԣôʹͬζǴֱ˵ûԹһӱ

Ǹˣ
֥۾ᡯһȻ˻ۣ
˭򣿡

˵¥Ҽҵľ¥
֥һľĿǮ˵磬⣬˵һֶҵԼҲ֡

㸸׼ʱ

˵ʮҡ

ãȺ˵һи׼㸸Һ̸

л
̵֥Ļȥ̯ˣȻĺãͬҲ˱ҲͬϢԼԹ
вУоܵƭҵĺóԣҰѳԵζɡ

æµӳ죬һξ͵ʮģС뿪ڰˣ֥⹫е˴£̫Ӹˣ
նæµ벻̫ǣңÿ³һʮŮɽۡ
Ǳ˰˼ȭͷ˼˵㣡

Ԫմ磬ϴŹ֥̫ӸĲŽ˺Ժ

С̣ǴӺʢԪĵĸ㣬ȻøЩǷֳַԡ
֥ʳУһСɾµĸ㣬̶⣬Ӹ⣬ʱºеĿζû취̫ӸҲмʶˣ˵Ķ粻 

ͰӸ˸ӣ
鷳ҸЩѾͷǷֳַ԰ɡ

Ӷӳţǲųû˵˵强֥С̵ֵĵĿ
С̣ЩûΪɡ

Цҡͷ
ãÿָ֯ë̫Ҿ֯˵¸ǻʺʹڶҪ
֥̫ӵ뷨ˣһôСҪίһʱˡ

ɶίģ
ںĵ
㿴̿迾ţôõסţһ㶼ί̫Ȼ˵óһʮԽңҲΪҵİȫʱһʱûɶ

С̣֪𣿡
֥һϢ
⹫һСԺӣֱд֣ԺӿƯ

Ǯզ˰
һ㶼ģŹ֥Сֵ
ʹҲһģǲҿɼǵҲ˵һ
Ҳû뵽ǮôˣŵԼȥ˵أ˭뵽Ѿɷˡ

С̣
֥ȴܲ
ⷽһȥģ⹦ҿ϶ƴǣ
˵Ȧ΢죬
ʹСģֻС̡
С̵ϣ˵ľ䶼ﻰ⹫СԺʱˣܰСðױλС㡣

ɵӣ
Ź֥ССӣ
С̵ԸԼ㻹ǸӣЩ˸ô죿Ҹǲᷢʲô

˵Ļʱ̣ܶܿӾͻˣĶæʾ⣬æԼ飬֥
С̣ǻȥˣ³һ㡣

뿪һһ̫ǰ
ͨ͸˼ң´ιǰ˵˵

ǰ̫˵ǶŴϵмΰĽǳãԼµĲŴ˵λҪһˣȻ˵ԱԼ޹أΪ̫ЩԱļҾҪóԼ̬һ





56.  ᰸   ҹ

ҹŻǧ, 䣬ꡱ
֥Ͷޱޱֵⷱĳ, ĿĵƻԺ˲ǧ䡣

үү¿һЩƺǩӣ˳˹֥ĻƣԹԽǧǡԪƻᡣ

ϡԶԶȺӿʨӲĲѾڲȵ̣ȲʣЩ˻˫ʨҲù֥פ, 
ⶼЩӰɣ
ſɢ͵²š

ǽĽͷ
֪Ķޱޱҧ䡣

ʨӹ, ޱޱָŸߴһյ繬ƣ佫׷Ҹϵĵ˷ܵĺ, 
㿴Ǹߵ, вµյ, ȥ
֥ͷүү

׵, 
ȥɣĵȷʵ
ָѾͷ󣬽ǿӡ

һר̯ӣһ˳, ߵʹĵһţͨȴ˵Χ£, ͶޱޱѰҹڵµһ֥²ŵЩССмµյģмԼġ

ȥҲ, ԣգ
ޱޱһһ˲䱬ʣõһԽޣСۿҪϣȴһֻһͻȻܳ꣬˾䣬
èİɣ
һ㶼ûɶʱֵġ

û˼ңתͷѰµĿ꣬ȴȴ˵ˣ
ʮФûè

ޱޱѰĿӰ΢΢һ٣ɶ˼סԼͷ۵ĲӣϲʶģûҪʲô

ǽĸһ


ޱޱҪˣŷйԼƣ
ÿţ˶Ȥζš

ٺٺ٣֥Ѿ˺üüȥˣеĸɴ󷽷վһ״黰ȻʲôʱСԼܻѰᣬֺأȴõĽ˼ͷţæ̽ͷ˿ϣ 
ãôˣ

Ĭֻͨ˼ҵСӣޱޱһ̣
֥̫ˣȥˣɡ

뿪ǵӳ»깫СǰȤ
ӣв˰

ܹݰˡ
Ȼô˵㵹Ǳ˼ܰ
СӳƯٹ곤Щǡ
̨ڱһξϷʱΧȺڵĺЦ

֥쵽˲ԾΧΧ£ԽԽ࣬޴Ŀ⣬ŮֵĸоźȻѹסϷ̨ԵСŮ
ãǻؼҰɡ

һġ
ЦС˵Ķޱޱأ

ҶӲ̫
֥˸Сѣޱޱջ˿ϷĿ⣬ĵʵ
ǳԻ˶ӣҪҪҸéޣ

ȥȵˮ
ǿ߰ɣ
ޱޱǣŹֿ֥뿪

뿪󣬺һȺ˻
ļҵСӣôǰδ

֥űõĸ첲׿۾үүţźӣҲǸ壬˸ףֻüëƫһ㣬ʹƫӢЩü޵㣬һöֲþҪĻ£ٹ곤ˣ»¾˰ɡ

·ӻ̣ǰΣ֥溰
⹫ҪҪҰæ

ã
ɽϲ̧ͷ˹֥һۣ
ȥЪŰɣȻҲǣԼͻȥˡ

֥תԱ̯ϣиĵ

ûɶ˼ǰŮտϵʱһЩִһɢɢĶӻ̵ǰûеˣӣʮФĵƶУСӶԼĵƣӻ̵ĵǹ󣬵

֥ǰһȦԼĵĲˣǲµյ̯ӻ򣬲ʱ죬Ժ󿴻˵ɡ

ʮ絽˾˾˼ң¿ȫ˿ǩӣû뵽⼸ǩˣǲǳ

ʯǰĻĿɲ٣һ˾Ȼǧģ
ҵû뵽˿˴Щϻƶҵ˿⣬ڳʱµʽȷʵ߶

ⶼҪлޡ
΢ЦԴ˿ʼҴпյֵܰɽˣϵҰǮûɶµֵҲأ

ֵܡ
ʯ£
֪ÿпգķӡ
ΪⷽСѾͷĸ׵ģ⹫죬˵ǼҴء

ѾŮǧҪƤ
СŮڳʳ֣ŵùҴȫԡ

㶼ô˵ˣһ˵Ų

ʵϻǸ˽Ů¥׿ȷʵѾͷֵĺʯˬӸֵܣһֽǮһֽգˡ

ؼҺǮȸ˾үүһ˶û뵽һ˾Ȼֵôӣ׷׿ޣ
ǹ־Ǵ󷽡

֥΢ЦȴǿЦ˼Ҳ澫һɫĺѧһϵ׬˺ðɡ

Ȼ˲Ÿʱöϵûʼո¶ͷǣ¥ץס˻ᡣ

¥Ƴµбɫĺղˣִζĺղ˸Ů˺ͺӵϲ¥ȵԴվ˾ǵһ¥λá

ʱһӻ˶ʮծ֥ϲ̵ʰޱޱǲ뿪Ա߰·Ʋ֡

֥;ĶܹͺˣЦŶ
ãԺٳŵĺãԼһ˸ǾԲܳţ

Ϊɶ
ޱޱԡ

֥һϵĵ
㳤̫ˣ»ᱻߡ


ޱޱֵˣһɨ⣬СѾͷһڣ
֥ɰ
Ҳ˿ҿɰ˿Сˣ֥ķź

ϧǶޱޱûСգܵױ̨ǰͭգû𰡣֥˵Ļһģ

ҹԺ˵强
ɣλ֣Ѳʶ

ڼϼλ͵ľүԴڼѲ߹󣬺ܶСʵθʱ

Գŵͷ
λ˺Ѫ󣬿˼̽һ򾡡

ǰ˲ֻ°𣿡
Ҳ밡ǰ˾ǰôöġ

ѾҵµͻƵ㣬˳Ļ¸ʹڽǰ¾ܽԺҲõİȫˡ

ĵĻŻ˵ĺã͵ǣû˲滶ϲ
ǿɾ̫ˣ

º󣬴˰ڽˡ
˭û뵽ؼϵͻƵɷϡ
ڣڰ󣬷֣Ѳһݻᣬϱ˽

ǰĵĺӳŽЦĺܺһòεӣ۵ǺЦĺһۣȥ˻û侲ף̧׶λһȻ
λ˴ӦŮһ·
ģʥһֱ۹ֻͣҪڹȻĻ·

ϱ㣬ǽˣ¶С뾳ھ̽ʮǽ̲Ǯ˼ɨѾʮǮһһ̽ٷˣǮȫѣΪݣװ˻ԱȥɽϴԵʯ˻ȥ

ĸȺϳһһʯȻһĸϻĸķӺ͵ֻ˼ͻԼһһֻܸɻǮȫӻ̫ãη壬ȴ֮£ȴȫȻ֪һֻ˼ҵı㣬ڲݶѣҡһ䣬ѾͷĹ֪Ѿʯϡ

ɴ˴ʯȻѼ﷿ӵض˾Ϊ˾ȥ
ûڣܻȥ
ŭȴµԭôҲǷ򸾶˵֮أ 

Ǯִ̲ΪٸǵһЩˣһһ̽ױ˲ְɱʱһ˿һƽʱӦӱβص˲ݴԼżȻʱԼȫȻģϵԼˣ͵͵֮أȴ֪ǵþӷ

Ǯ˼ҵļӣǳʧȥУЩ˵ĺҹģ⸽͵͵ãҵЩüĿҺ˸淢ʱȴٱ˹
Щſ涼ڣڴϣָЩˣʱЩɱ˵ʽǵ

³Ӿϻϱ˵ԼϢ
ǰ̲Ǯ˵İӱ˳ǼٰٷɱǮһңʱ˳ָϣЩȫ̡

ôˣ
ӣ֪ǸŮ̽Ǹú޻Ǹ

ȴ֪ˡ
ҡͷǻôôЩȴԼ֪ˡ

¶ԳӰ죬궼ûؼңﴫ˺ܶԷʲô°ˡʧˡɱ˵ȵȣӴĻ㶼ҲۣƫƫŽӺұţʲôĻˣЩȻʹ

Ǳ߶ýˣֻȳͷҾͺöף˵ý׾ܳˣ˭ýֺ˵˺öĻŻգϵʱʹ˵վգҹȴĳŸջͷĨᣬ
Ѱõ˼ˣһָСŮ״Ԫأ

˾Ͱ˰ɡ
մӾĳү˿
˵ڼҺݲݣֻ֪飬۹ŮΪܸɻţ²ɻǸ£һϲ׳ʵСӣŮģ
˴ιŮº󣬳ɽĺرмӣүǣ

ǿĶĲզÿ
ϿԼͷˣҲǸÿͷдŮǸ˵СŮ̫ǶûӣⰮԭҲŴģֻǿϧŮƢ

˵
үӿɱϱʶ࣬
Ѳ˾ͳĺÿոǿ

⻰һ˵Ͱϱüȭͷյ
ͷӣʲôζ






57.  ֽ   ϲΰ

ϲΰһȥ, µһӴ쿪ʼ

ȾһƬ̣һƬҰ, żĵЩӲҲڶձһգǵƽ̹Ѿʼ֣Ǿǲ𲻹á

ȱׯҲӰ죬ȥ궬⸽ɽͷľ˲٣ҿ޾ԺټϼҪ͹÷кŴĹ÷ȴε
üҾ, ǰľļǮ˹һ賤, ֻ˴ϷЩľϣڼľȰŴ, Ҿߵľϵ

÷żҼҾ߾õġ
æ˵, ֻǿߵɽȴ, 
ֻǰ˾, ɽҪˡ
ʱ¾ǰΧɽƻѾʶֻصҪԣǰ±ǰЩԶнҪ

֥ɻ, 
үүҼүүҶնʯ̿Ϊξǲʯ̿ȡůأ

ľ̿ڴ, Щ˼ҵϰôøģͨϰò𣬱ľ̿ʯ̿ˡ
֥Ĭ, ʵʯ̿ļ۸ȷʵռţɾΧĵƾˣãο֥֧ûв͵֮ԼĶصĽոǿտ϶Ҳ취֮̿ʱڵˡ

ҵĶضֵӣﲻôһ˵ȫ˸ǷϣŴλǷӺܿˣשǽéݶöæǮǮŶǽļ᷿ƻֻ䣬ȴǩ⣬ЩƷҲиӸţȲɻҲ˿ܳ

֥éݷӽã˭ԼҵéݶҲܺÿأ
һʯҵéʵֺʵӱүүǵĺܿµһȫͬ˹䣬ԺһȦܣӺͼӣǼֽֽһ˶Χݸɻ

֥͸ĸᵽ¸ǵĶ᷿ó

ʳŵ䣬
Ҫ²
ʳɹ㡣
ʳ˵һļڣӳӣҪɹܹģ˼ңһʳͱӸԹˡ

Ǹ
֥һһǣŸĸķ
˵һֻ𿻶رůͣһŴġ
䷿ıȻ
ֻҪ̨ջ˳̵һֱٴ̴ѳȥӶůͣ⿻ϸůκ̿趼ãõֶ

һĶļ䶫᷿ǼҺö궼õķӲõģôһ䷿ӳһůҲûɶܽܵġ

ôõĻ𿻣զû
ȴе㲻̫ţ֪ö϶֪˶࣬ȡůģֻղһů͵ģûɶû˵

֮ûûĶأɹ֥ǸŮҲֻ˵˾䣬
үүأǸһеģ϶

ǽ׺ӱ뵽ͬн
˵ŮǱֻ𿻣˵Ǳ߶ʱаôʵѰ𿻣ԭûҪҵԡ
ԾԾˣͲСˣΪһɫ߹ǿҵĺստҪԭ

֧𿻿϶ף̵涼ůͣҪջܵʹ죬׺ӺǷ˷Խ֥ǰϷˣԿֻΣôȴһϲͨʱҲԱ߿©©̣ϲòհˡ

ΪůԭҵĻĵ֧һµѬǣ̵˳治¶ůͣõĺѲϯȥһЪЪϲķȥ
궬ùˣ

һ֧ͺˡ
еźû˯ȿʵôһ˵ֻһ֧Ҳûط

˭֪Ů棬ҡͷ
ǿɲУڶأȳ˯Ҳֻ˯߱ϣ

ϴŮСţַʣ
СѾͷҼҵզûв֪ģ

***
ھԺʰķЩ׺ڴôھ˴ԺӣҲûڴţֻӣִӾ˼С¶Ժæţȵ£ԼֵܵķʹкˣŶӻؼҰŸǷӣھ˼ͬаݣֱڲ깤

ôԺס˼ҿϣС˼ҷ̫鷳֥ⷿǸ÷ӣһųȥܿм̼ţɶڵϡ

Ǽһֱֽ򽻵ֽ̼֣
֥ɺܼ򵥣
Ժи˵ǻϡ
ʵ֥ûԼİҼƻ簲ҲףҸаɡ

Ѽֵ̼Ϣ˽һ£ȥһľȫٰǸ֮磬ΪȻѡ

һλٰ̼֣Ϊԭϵֽ֪ӦѷԼλʩַ̼ǳж
ǼǱʢӣɽҰǣ˵ֽҾֽԺеˣԺӿס˿ɷŻҵ̴ӽ˺ӡӽֱж̫ⷿˡ

Լ˰ҵʱ䣬뷿ǰ飬ʱⷿһԼⷿˣ·ҲҪǣġ

µĹ򶼴ӽž͸оĵϵӲݶĺܸɾԺǽȻһ£ںӱ߿һȴţһ̴ͣſڣѾʼж

֥ڸ׺ʱµֽܸȤӡֽʼΣʱ㵹Ҳ࣬ǰԻɳͲݹֲֽֽͦڵġ
ʩǸģ
һ˵֪кûŸҴǣһﷴֵ֮þ塣

ɶģԼҵЩһԽԽֽ࣬˺׬ЩǮﴳһ
ʩԷĿеɫȴǫ顣
Ȼԭ׬ǮˣֲøǴ

ֽ֥ȴֽѧֵëֽʱ¾ֽǲ٣ϡȱȴǱֽλ̼Ҫ׬һͰˣǲ֪Ͱ᲻߰Ȼ䣬֥еڰԺˣһ׬˴Ǯ˶զ죿

ûܵŮĵģܸ˵ǩⷿԼ˰ķ⣬ʩӻȡһгĿֽ
ϵܣҵһ⣬ϵǾôֽÿѡһֻոǮ

һֽ˾˾˼ң¾ͱܸ˹ȥַ˷
ְֽɡ
죬ֵһԾֱӿҪˡ

ֽдЩ˰ɡ
ֽߣֽίʵ̫Щֱִֻ࣬һ±īͻ͸ֽ֥־Ͱˣأ

ǰֽģԺöԹίʵ˺á
ȴԭֽѾԹгˣֲĸôԺӡ

ȥ㣡
ͷ
ͷҸղ˵ǮңڶЩá

ҵûƴǣǺ°æıⵣϣûᣬֵֽˣҵϲȥĸҪǮ
һȫĲģҺðˡ

ҲǸ쳣ȡİͭǮ
Щӳúö飬λǧ

֪
ҵӦţǮø˵ԭίͻ˷顣

ȴԭʥǰ䲼һּ⣬ȥƳԽΪھʵСѲ졯ƳѲ츺ԡᡯΰġṫÿһҪְֲʶĲǶЩְֻܴļһʱĸԱСҲǳԻʼҷģʵֱּԣ

¶ǺܸȤƾŬģҵǣԼֲߣټǳӣ׬ǮΪ׷ǣԶĿԻرġ

֥Ÿ۵еܣڵʱвм;Ϊٵĵ·ȻǽҲһйˣ벻ԵĻᶼûУʵ˵ǸˣԼʱҲǰҪԼϣ
⡮ṫˣ⾩ΰ϶ãٹھðӰɣʡĸϼ紵ɹġ
зеأǹ֥ĿǰϣһѾˣչڶˣ

ŮһɢЩˣÿÿ˵ıͷӾԼһͷɵЦ죬
ãأԺ֥ðһݺʵļױ
ǸŮĻࡣ

~~
֥ˣιŮ޵ĵ





58.  С   ³һ

³һ, ̫Ӹ
ٻȣŮϡ֥԰ߵˮ, ̫ںι㣬˽ǰ˴Ӻת˹˫΢̧ݵӣ
񡣡

Ѿ̫û˳μǡôܳ
̫ԳӶչˣŴѽ, 檴л

ޥ, ڸЩӰ࣬ 
޵̫Ų, ųһᣬ
Ƕѽڼ, ᲻뿪

һ̿, õԲͱ, Ҳֻ
ŮЩӶһȦ̫չˣȴΪ

˳ԺԲ, ̫Ц
Ī˵ôĻǴܵĹ, Щ΢չ˶ǱӦġ
ϲľʶȤֶ̧ԺĹŮһУǹŮһʢľϻӵǰ, ִ̫ϵľϻӣϻＸԣ
⼸ͷ涼ǽ񴺾µʽôȥ㻻Ŵ
ֿ󷽣֥ʯ貵ĹˣɶǴȻΣ

ݱ̫ڹŮŶȥȴǰԺɻظ̫ӣ֥͸Ź˵ϣһμ̫ӵ£˶·лһŹŭųɫ㣬˼仰֥ͳû̫֣ү͵һۣȴÿķ΢΢ü˼ԼǲǺʲô

֣ɫȻ̫עĽ˺ܶ࣬΢΢ףûк̫κӴ̫ӵʻ˸лºˣ·ʱ̧һ۲Եľ΢ĺˮ

̫ӸţһؼյĳУ

¿ͣڲŴǳæ¿ϵǰ

ɣؼ˵ϳ
ϳкһʹͷ¿һ¿ܿսֵĴ֡

ӷǳˣ
ŷ˫ֺʮԲˣԶ¸ʹڽë֯͵ͳ˸ȱʹڵĽ㣬֪һ֯ܺѾѧǵȲຮ֮أͺӣڣԭѾůǵĶȴʱƮѩͺ֯ԽѧԽá

ëʯ̿󣬸ʹ˳˴زף̸̫Ӱëۣ֯ټϴܵĲҶ˿˳˸زЩزֱӵëļۣʹڶֹ׷׵ͷ˼ȻعԼнָ˴ʵʵ

˵̫ʱǷĵĸм
̫ûȥ̸ʹڣѧ֯ĹŮȥݽѧȷʵûϵ 

գ̫֮ˡ
ֱòˡ

Ҳǹ֥ûϵģֻû̫ǰվôĺô𣿹֥ǺţûСţƾίʵ²̫˱С̵ԭֻɻһ¾͹ˣʱСߣ֣첲Ц
С̣զоˣ

զоҲˣ
˺СͬЦصһѪ

С̣զҳأ
֥ŵѪ
ǵȱɳ


ϿѾͷĵЦˣǰϳ϶Цݡ

ҺյĶҲڼңЩ̫Ӹ˵һ飬
Щʹ뿪󣬾ѾСѧë̫֯ҰڲҪ֯ëȾﴫ֯ȫ˵

ȷʵˣլǰЩӴ֯ë˿ǲ٣
ԿЦ
ÿǾø̽ѾץĲʱһе¾ͻ֣ᷢôô࣡

֥İȻԼʷǿʱԭǵУ̽޴ڣ̫ȫˣȻ֮ɵĶ˾죬
үү͢ûжЩҰӢ¼Լ˾ЩôױǮ͸ƭ˵̽ӣЩ˵Ļ֮˻ң⣬ʱƭ˽


Ա֥ʵһ⺢˵ɶһʱûǣСѾͷ֣
ߣ鷿뷨ϸ˵˵

үүҰҵļңκһ͵͵ǮҺҵĸĸҶΪģͬģҲҵĴӡ
֥һ´ʣЩ̽ˣҪ˵ǱҲͰˣҲΪԵҷΪǮ˾Ͳˡ

ʵ֪󲿷˶ǰԼļҵģٶ˵飬ǲǸᶨһЩҳ͢ץô̽ӣ϶Ҳ֪һЩǵƭҲ˵Щ

˹֥뷨ˣƭ̽ӵıʿȷʵ˸ʹǻӢô˵

ӢۣҾͳӢۣ
֥СȭͷǼ
СʹǷɽڣ̺ɽ֣үʾоС̣ǶҳݵˣЩӢ۵ĴڣһЩˣ̵


ԱӶĹЦ
֣Ѳ֪ô𣿡

֪
֥СԴ
´һģ
һ˼С̵Ϊֹ

֥仰ǵĶԻ࣬ȡ׺飬
ȻϲӢۣ⡶־͡ʷǡȥвʶ㸸׽㣬ɻҡ

ҲǺ뿴飡
֥Ǻķ鼮ȴЦĽӹ
лүүݵˣҪΪһߣ

Ѿͷݵеడ°ЦȴСѾͷ
úã־

Ծдһ౾ڶջ˺һ౾˹

һºһԱѡοУһ⣬֮ۡһԱһⶨ¼ȡʮλԼҳȰԱ˸š
ǺҲᡣ

ȴ˵ҹ֥ñȥϴʱڴװʵ
С̣ҽ̫Ӹʱ֣үˣúллţǵ̫ӵ涼˵ϻ

ױ̨ǰڲ鿴̫ʹ͵εĳ΢΢һ٣ͷ֥
˵ҵ̫ӸΣҲǺͽղ̫࣬ӸֵطʶҲ˵ģô˫۾ûҲ

⵹Ҳǣ
֥ڴ߻ζСѾ
ǻȥˣóԵĵӪúллǡ

УʱҲóˣǻȥϼ˳̳ӸЩү
ˬʵĵ

С⻰֥΢΢һɣԼˣûԼһμ֣үʱĳʱǳõļֽˣȥҹʱȥϲ°ɣС֣үѾˣ־ûƾûݵĲãǵԼ˵ȻʱµٵļѰԼܽСί

һŵƹΰûҵʲôӡǣһְѹ֥СǰϵĽһף


Цɣ
֥λĽӣҪˣ
ҴŸ𣿡

ͯ޼ͯ޼ɣ
ԽԽŵĳæķ˫ƺʮֶŹ֥
զûŵģɶҽ

֥˵ˣϵߣ
С̣СӴֳġ

ӽӹѹ֥Լǰָϵε
ҸղſˣЩ涼ûй촦ӡǣĿ

أ
֥ǺС̵Ի·
ôصΣŸɻ𣿼ֱ
Ƕıʯĵզ죿ô˶ѿ

ûпеģ
ϻһţָĽβҡù֥ԼϴιʹӶˣͷ涼ǹǼǹĲܸˣЩͷ֥

֥ҡͷڻСôЩ˵Щ̫ˣԺԼˣԼΣЩľ˰ɣ
С̣ĲҪ

ˣӸ㣬ڴ˵ȹ꼰Ժٴź觵Ľ͸ӣЩΪҲĲ٣ǹټ̫̫Թҡ͸㣬򵥵ĸ
ܹΣˡ

С̾Ȼ˴󷽣ãеãӣСҲģ֥ЦһǰС̵ӻĿǸһ鲼ȹСӣһ꣬ʱһɫ˿ȹ˫ƽϱۺɫĺ黨˿ںɫִݡ

С̣ȥԺô˵𣿡
֥ǺĴС̵ĺ顣





59.  Ѿ   ΢΢һ

΢΢һ, һӣŭ, 
һȺİţ
ͷЩֻ֪Ůˣ
Ǹ˵ǰð鳳
ǺͳһС

֥˵һɣһĵȴˣСһɼ֮, ټϼ˵Ĺذ, ѹضˣЩӦеֿ, ԼС̵Ļ£ڿ˵û, Щ»ǿ͸

ǱԷǰҲں, 
յļ, ɼСʯͷϴûϣҲûʱ䣬ȥɼҿӣٻϼҰź, ˳·ӻȥ

վɷ󣬰ͷϵͷȡ£ͷɢľ, żа׷εͣԵҵ˵Ļû˵, Ҳ
°Χʮ綼ѾˣҲˣס̫ӸôʱȴţҾ˵ۼ࣬ۼæǴȥЩ฾㡣

ƼϸʮճͻȻ˳˸ӣʮæŸϴûСӣμĸڰչӣϴû֥룬Ϲ˭뾹Ȼ˳İ˸ӻˡ

ڶһ͸¿ؼң֥ԼСܵܵ½һ·仹δԺѾһɰ̰̰˯СӤˡ

¿ֱӸϽ˴ţɽһջһ¿죬ǰűţ¿СŮɵſڣһʱΪΡ


˵ĸ׻£ĸµľҲĸˡ

ҵĶˣ
ϿСŮĺ󱳣СѾͷ̫ˣʱҹ˯ĨͼɶڱŹŮ־Сĸλ˾ͺã

ˣ
˳ûȺӵͱɸϻ
֪֪ӣôܡ
ɷŭԹ˻صѾһãûƯ

ӻ˾ͺã
ɽŮȰ
úϴϴֵ˵

Сϴ
֥һˮһˮҵµģ˰ϴָ֡Իط·ŵݿӡ

Բ˺ܶ࣬һľͲ߾õ˵ǻʹô󣬻ʺ󴩵Ķô̫ӸŮܱ£üĿģֱѴ㶺ֱЦԱ˯Сʯͷˡ

æѴǷû˯˱С̳ԵЦĺϲ£죬
㣬СʯͷĿʵ㿴ü۳ĸһģһ
֥æյԱϸ꣬Լզû

˾ҪҳԵģϳŴ
СһճʱССģ˭֪¼糤

Ȱˣ
϶뼦ЦŵݸŮҲչӣ
ӳ˰˳糤źãǸʱҲĸûѾ˼˵ҹɶģһûоǶʹû೤ʱˣҲ֪Ƕĸ

֥˵ʣɵ۾һյŸǰСʵ
ţ˵С̺Ҷ㲻

Ӧģ˵˵ҲҴҲǡ
ֺǺǵĵ

һȵļܿ˶ǣֽ룬ȴ˿
ù֥ϴ룡
˵ŻŮһۣСӼҼҵģʲô֪Ѿͷô֪ôˣëѾͷ֪

֥ĸˣղſǸϢأԼĸƫˡ

СʯͷôҲͿСһ۾תתüͷæֽɢ򲼣
С͵˰ɣ
ЦŰСһŵϣ׼򲼾Ϳ·Ͻģֵ
㣬·Сզ

ǼϴĶʪ˻ûɣȽţ˭ôأճʱŻأ
ϰѸɹɵ·øֻİ·򲼶ˣֻ˸ɾٰЦСһֵ
Ǹиģ䲻ȵĶá

ϰ򲼺ͻʪ·ӵʪһǵһԱŵٺ򲼶Ѿˣ˳õúûá

֥ſȥ⹫͸Ѿ棬ʢ÷һ˵俿ǽĳϣ
֥СԷ

СʯͷŵߣСһϷ
㣬ι̰ɣɲţСë

ţ
Ĳðñӣֵ
ȥԷ˵ʱеǡ

䣬Χǰһӡĳż棬ųɽղҵϣүҲѣ
û뵽ǰܷؼңһΪõȵأ

̫С̴ôʱ䣬˾
֥ƲƲСôҲǶ껪Сӣ̫ôʱ˱Ƿ۱뷨զ죬Ͼ⹦ίʵС̫Ǽס˵ġ

Ц˵ս̫ӸǰӺ͹֥̫Ϊ˼ˣȻ̫ԼȫģȻԼȷʵҲûн̫Ӹ뷨Ȼи꾫Σɺ꾫Ҳ˵ĺðɡ

ȻǶط˯һŴ׺ͻϣȰӰξͻؼҡ
ϼСŮˣŮ߾ͲԼˣﻹһء

˲Ŵ׺ҶֱӰӰ˴ȥȥʡ¡


ҴЩȥǿԣɼﻹǵð
һ뼦˶Ǿͱˣ̱߿ǳԣ˳˵˵
֥ϲŴŴ棬ϲЩϲӻϲҰӿɲˣ

֥С̼üŪۣ컹Ǵ˹߳ģԹ˼ҡ
***
ֵǹر죬һһһ۵ռڵˣâȥ̵ɬ˳Ľƣĥؽ

ׯƬɽϵµ겻̫һȥʳգСʱ˼ҾʹҵһϣΪҪ˶࣬ÿֻӦһĶص
ԣһԵĶأ󶹺ãӿûùһզ죿
ҼҵһĶصʣȵڶֺڣҵôҲһĶ߲ڵȻǿϧֻһĶ

ӰԼҵͷϣΧھӶΧ˹Щ岮ֵܣ඼ģ
ɣҸ㿴ˣͿԿˡ

һ꣬ͷ󿷴ߣֽʵ
ɣ㿴ûʵϿһĶĲ÷

ɣĶǰգʱǵж١
ɣĲܣֻܻؼҶЩʣȥ֪Ҳû׼һһĶҲˣɲУʳֲֵǼȸѷ϶ˣϾͰǮȥ

һʱ֪óǸϲʵζ治Ű˵ӵ£
λ岮ֵܣʵֻտɲգǶæԼҵİɣѾˣĶ٣ҼҾĶأȶȥҼԼΣ

ׯ仧ģ汲ҵ˵ض٣ӿһ춼˵ģ˭ҵĶãŮĽ飬һʮļһ緹˴ٵֵӡ

ҵĶ׳æ죬װ˼ҡ

Ÿӿ֣Ҳӭ˱ũĶҡ
ĸ̫̫µѾ˻ùòԹ
ŸҲµ߳ô
һ··ƽ̹ĺܣߵЩоá

ʲô·ҪԼһˣ˵ɡ
ֶŮ쵽ãֱʵ

̫̫ߵ˳ȥŹغãֶ˵强

ùҲ֪Ҽ˲࣬ҲģڽʹˣЩȵĻͲʣѾź̥꣬øŮȥԺ飬ѾźСġ

ǴûѾͷġ
׹ãҲûЩӺùˣȥ˭Ů

ҵûŷҪǻ߰СѾͷҲԣֻҪֽڿ죬źľģȵ˵׵һԸױ
˵˴̫̫һӿһ֮ɫ
Ѿҿ¶Ӱ̫Щ֪ϸѾͷһҪ

һ˵Ͼ΢΢һ̾
ǩҵ԰ʣ߰СѾͷǲ֪˼᲻ˡ

͹ˣ̫̫׳ջ
СѾһǮÿѣҼҵĹعùҲϲΪѺӣǲãһ˸ͻ

žһʮˣ·ʵڲ㣬
ǮȷʵģǴʱ˸СѾͷҲʮǮ

ʮ᣿
̫̫ȴǳԾСҡͷ
ô˵ѾͷȴǲҪġ

ϿֶŮɫαԺﲻɵɼǸͷֻ֪ɻѾͷѾͷܸͦɵİȻ˵۹ԼҾǲһҪܸɻҪ֪ʶȤ

ĸ׽ݺ͹˵Ҳڼңų˴ţյļڣҲˣѾͷ˵ӹͷģ֪ûС






60.  εĴ   ƾż

ƾżܵ, ŽһҲûϤˣɱű¨, ɻĴһۣ
˭

Ǹ
ǳѾͷɶţһ벻
ͷ̶̵Сӣڼ𣿡

ʹ֥𣿡
ܹһСӣɴһӸ꣬û
ǣ

֥֥, Ĭ˼, μǰСӶԼ, æ˵˾䣬
ҹүү

˭֪һȻ, Ȼһ, һ˺ôһԼûϳ, ûĵ
ȥײ֥ģ

ǣǶѾ, ίǺСܻܵǼ򵥵ģ
һһֱʳѰ, û°̡

⻰һ˵ɾͷ
Ҵȥͷּ, ߵڶͬڶ˼Ҿǡ
һͰܣɺ˵󼯣ϼûĻûļ˵˾Ͳˡ

ڶ˼ңܿվԺ⣬ŽżԺֻһֻë۹ǽԼ͵ĻͿǽ꣬˼˰ܵԼǰȵԴ̧ͷ꣬ĺܣ
˭

ӣ֥ڼ𣿡

ϼû

ʱ
Ҫ
ҵȻ

վͳ˵˼仰ӺͬսһСѾͷһı¨ѹˣ鵽һӳ¶µģɼҵ̫ˣôСĺӾñôصĶǶ

СűӴĺͬ߹ջ˲ͬĿ⣬°Ե⣬ǰϴҵԺӣ˵Ǽȥ׬Ǯ٣һֱûûȥֻ濴ȥԺӺܸɾ˲ֻһͷ¿һ

СӭͿһ۵Сӣһű¨ϵ΢΢һǹӵǰʱһδһġ

ûѾͷɥоԣһһ˿ȥԼ·ǲۣ걻ʦڶ˿๦ת˲Ӣͦʧ˺ͬСű¨ӵֽķףֱͦӣ׻ۣ˵ˣ֪λСλ

ȱˣ
ϵͷǳ˾ڽűߴתлȮתͷ첽ݣŮ˵ǲڼҲ׼İ˽ţԼ̲סСѾͷЪЪûע⵽СֱͦļԼô

ϽݻͷŲãǻ磬ҹҪʱ˺ӣҪСʯͷ˯һͷŮϵͭ΢΢ҡͷȻԿԼҲ֪ԼĲڼ
һȻ³أ 
աϷŵĹ֥дʣǰסһʱȺⷿǷ֮ĲޣοԼͦеģ

ɹµĳĻҲ

ʱڼеͦ嵭ģںӼ̳׼үȥʣ֥ԼҹͷҲϣôȵҲˣֱӽԵỵ

¿ͣ˲ˮ̯ǰԹ֥Ĺ۲죬̯ӲǾүԼҲǾݵ㣬ĸӱǰᵽ˲ˮ̯ϡ

̯Ů̵˵һ飬
ֵܣĸ֣үҼԤĳʳֱӷȻԼȡ

λ֣ү
׳˶̯

֣¡
֥ĵ

̯ĿһɣֱѲ˵䣬֥һЦȻŭĿӣԼҪʵģʲôס

Զ֣һڴѲ飬ո·ǸŮ̯λǰֻǰС֧̯ӣȴ֪ǳӻؼҺΣũЩ฾Ĳ׽ӰȥǶżҴ帽ѲһȦ

˼䣬ǹս˲ˮ̯ǰСϣһ̧۾ͿϤӰͤͤǲˮ̯ǰԼķôԶȴ·𿴵Ȼľϲ

ۿ˴ߵǰæĿ⣬΢΢׸˸ӣ
ү
ɫȥ֣⣬
ϼ
š

պͲˮ̯˵˵Ůæӭ˳ǰһ
үϴζʳҸˡ

֣˵ĵͷ
л

֥С̵ĸ첲֣үӻ֣ΪԼûأߣС̿첽ˡ

Ĳɫոѱӵ㿴ϼĲñܻܿӭ̶ȣ˵صİվͰոѱӱĲñǰһɫĽոѻɫڱͷ׶ʣֻУߵģⶥģŮ˺ͺӣǺһĲñǴһµţö˶ɫӻȥԼࡣ

ɫģҪԲ䡣
ߣ
ѺɫĽոѱһó̲һ

һߵġ
Ǯ
ѱӵݸǸˣյͭӽǮͷӿ˱̿ʼˡ

زñԿ
ǱһḾ˿˹ϵһɫģŵͬѹͷĲñ˶˵죬ǽ˿ڱ

ͭԼſһۡ
ͭϣܵλȻǸ˿۾ӾĸǮ
ÿģҪˣ

֥û˼ղŲˮ̯üȥǽģ⾹Ȼ˫ͷεÿˣС̿ɲôͿıƭˡ

Ȼһλź֣үʱʶˣһת
ҳȥһˡ
˵ͱ̯ӣ׷ 
үȵҡ

ͷ˺ԼͷϤСѾͷϵס˲ӵǰ
ɶ£

ү£
ͷ·ãͷ

֣үС̣ǳм֣үСѣ֪С꣬߼
֥ĺСϣֻ̫УӪĺһ˽ɶ绰˵ģⱻʵĺᵽʲôЩЦӵµֺݺԼһѴȲűסˣֻɫǺ죬Ťҧݼѵ
֣Ѳ귽ʮδȢأ

⻰һ˵ٿȻһ֥һϺƤ
˼Ϊ֣үĺӵúҲأҿһȻ·͹ȥΣ

ҲΣεľǱˣȻƤˣͷܲסˣѲô
紵ɹģʹ˵㣬ʵϾӪδ׵Ķأ

øߵĹʰ
֥֮ͬɫүˡ

ͷתͷͰѾͷ¸֣Ѳ죬δ˴Ȥ
֣Ѳ죬㲻˼Ѿͷװɣе㲻ص

ɶϷҪ˲źãʡԺڡ
֣ȴǴȻʵѾˣѾˣĸ׸ȥŴ˼߶һ£

ϼ٣ζſԱɨֵ¼ʱ䣬֥ű¨Ѽתһ飬ˮȹ˵ľˮ̯ӣӣڼڴ峵ĺϡ

ӶǮһ
ʮһ
̯ʶ֥İһˮϴϴݸ
㳢ִ⼯Ҷһݡ

֥ӹȿпƤڵζģָָɫܴ
үһϵģ

ǵģЩ͸ЩЩĻȥá

ǿӵĹ֥ͷζͦģ
ⶼҪɢˣҶҪĻ˵㡣

ģ㣡
үˬӦ

ٹͷˣҲ֪ܷܲŵס֥һ꣬ζͦģʹŴүԼ̯ߣ߱ʵ
ү괺Ӹѹãʱֱ͵Ҽ̯λϡ
ׯôĴӣ˼Ҳ٣û𣬹֥ԣ֪ˮԭԭ

֣ҼǿӺóԣÿ궼˼ҪҿӶ١
үŵӸ˵ӦţҪؼˡ
֥ӣҲʼװ¿ؼˣһ½ˣȥúĸС̵˼Լöʣĸ㣬֮䵹Ǻ˵ġ

̫̫ѡѾͷѸٴ˿ŴЩѾƷƷЩ˿ǾǾǵĹˣܵ˸ﵱ׬Ǯʡ˼ĳʳׯ˼Ǻܳġ

Ϣܿɢ˿ȥ

ǣȥˮ˺
ɩӣ
ס˲ӣǸһ̫̫ѡѾǮ·ϲǺϱԼԭ
Ҽɵʣޡ
˵ԼֲȱǮڼˢֽϸȥʹ

֥أզˣ̿ɱƫģ
Ǹһ߷Ȼӣô£һΪļƣ
ǹ֥ܵ˼ҵɼҵӻʡЩ

ϲɵĳ˼Ǹ˿ɫԥѻ𣬴յС
˵ǵСӸǰ˼ҵѾԺ˵յﵱңׯ˼Ҳһˡ

Ѿּˣ̶˱Ů
˼תȴ˵

˵ҶҪѾͷȥ̫̫ѡ㵹˼һһأ
ǸƲƲ죬˼

ѱ¨ˮ򳡵͹ȥǣȥ

һ֧֧ǳģ곤ЩϽžͺ
ɩӣ˵˼Ѿôõɱѹ֥ˡ

߰ѾͷǼ֥μģڳɫְɾϱ뵽Ƚһ˿ԥֶŮûоܾϵƼҲûѻ˵
ѾͷǸڿܸɵģֻǴѾּˣĸ뷨ǡ

֥֥
ָ̫̫оϤⲻȹѾͷԼӼǵûʱһ˫ĿһۣӿŴͦͷȴ͹⣬²ǸڿˣҲһ̱࣬˵Ů˵Ҳã΢΢ͷĵ
ưɡ

ĵЪϢ⻰ֻоЩðᵽһϼֱ̫ɶˣѾͷǸѾӣʱ򺰹ײĸ׾Ͳˣһ뿪˳
ĸף֥

֥
·ܲµӻ˵ʲôָ̫̫
ȥţ
һֱ˵Ѿͷô飬ԼҪ黹Ǳģ






61.  ι   Ѱ

Ѱ, ҵѾͷʰһ½ңҵİ, ӱֵĶյѾͷҲ󷽵ģ̫̫ûеʱҪĸֻǻȥϢ

ۿ̫ƫҶûжֱҵСϱϵѯ
ɩӣұ˳ʹѾͷ, ˵֥ʵ, ȥﵱ׬Щ

⻰ԳϲûŮȥ˼ҵѾ, ѹʱûУڹú˸ǲ, Ŷ, µԹһӿͷ, ôôּ˻һӶ£¶ȴǿЦ
ĸĿûͷ, ֱ֥˹˵ۡ

꼯ؼҺСЪϢ֥һĶԻµһ´Ӵ, קק۾¸飬ƿź, ۾Ứ
ӣҪҲ뿪ߡ
ԴЩǻһ

ϺͳϹϵһ֥ϧСѾͷģԳϿЦ
ɩӣ֪ҵûù֥ȥȴ˹զѹ֥ˣұ㵱ʱ˵ôû˵һù֥ȥ˼

ϢҲˣų
ܷһ£ 

Ȼԣ
Ц˹֥ͷСһѣ
֥£ұΪ˺ƣϲΪġ

Լ˵ȻúˣЩ̫̫ûһƲ硣֥ͷȴѡ

ߺ󣬳ϰѴһأ˳
ۼֲҵĵ軧ˣ˵ͼģ

Ҳûҵĵأʵڲ۾Ͱᵽȥס˲ɡ
ϵƢҲˣԼҲǾзӵˣȻǮе

֥£ֻҪҺﲻɿڣǩ۶ϡ
ȭͷ 
֥·һֱȥ̫̫

ʱ֥ԽѸתͷȻ̫̫ҪԼȥǾͱһˣֻǸξܾأΧɶżУǻ˵ĲԣԺԼһ鷳ȴ֪̫̫ĿĺڣΣѡѾͷĳΪΣ

ȱ𼱣
֥һѾǰ˼˺ܶ࣬侲˵
Ƕû̫̫˼Ҿ˳˵˾ȥʱ

յҹڵĺԹ̫ٳٲɽ̫̫͹ù˵ŻϵһİӣżвζóȵĺҲԶ˿ȥ

ӣڼ𣿡
ڵľʵ

֨ѽһŴ򿪣ϳŸԼŵ΢΢һͷﱧСȽ˴ţվſڵϱЦ
ӣҲû£Ҵźš

֥һɵȹ첲ϲ󲹶ǰĴıߣȥշּʱϸŮȹ֡

ĸ󣬹֥ԾִٵһЦ
̡

᷿䣬Ϥ͵վʱ˻ȥĸ׵̬˸ۣǴʱԼȥҪ۾յŷ죬ͿɫǸССӰ۾ŵգգ
⴩ʲô

Ǹˣֻһ۾˴ɼҵ˼Цк
ȵҲϲЩþûˣء

֥ȽŲãϸùŮǰܺڼҿСҲûųţղ˵̫̫Ǽҹ֥ʰʰˣ̫̫ܵһ̻Ҳǹ֥ĸ
վԺЦż仰ԭ˵˸ס

̫̫бϱĿļԻ֥ڼҪԼĸ׵˼ֱӵ
Ȼ˾ʹɡ

Ӹұ
Ͻӹ˳ĺӣ˯Сʯͷɵ¶΢Ц޳ÿ̡

̫̫򸣣
̫̫򸣡
֥ϴŵ΢Цĸ˫ֺ£ǰ΢ϥ˸

ǹ֥
̫̫ϵɫܵȻֻǿȹûס˳飬䲻ȵʵ
꼸ˣƽʱڼҶЩʲô

̫̫ҽˣƽʱڼϴÿʱոѱӣñʱ㸸׸ϼ׬Ǯ
֥һһۻشĺ

̫̫΢΢ͷ
˵һֽԼˢģ

ֽүүˢģ̴գҸȽŲøɲػֻܼЩ׺ֽ˶࣬Ҹ׾˳ҲЩֽ׬ǮӹĲʡЩ
ԭϾǼĸ̫̫ϸϸ˹֥һۣȻĺһѾͷ֡ͦɾȹѾϴķȴûʲôգǸֽŸɾģ˵ͷͷǵڳȷʵļѾͷҪǿ

֥ѾСԼһЩˣȻЧѣֻ̫̫Ȼ¶˸΢Ц
أȱǰܺѾͷԣÿѴÿ»һǮûؼТĸԸ㸸ĸӹĸʡЩ 

ôõ£ֲôҶ˵̫̫ƣ̫̫ܵ¶ĸ
֥С̫̫ȫȻľϲ̫̫ȴЦݽȥֻѾͷüͷһ壬ת
ϧһûǸТΪȣҵȽŲãϼʱûǰܺô죿ҪûǷղô죿ҵܵܣôϲңҾ˲ô죿
˵ϵľһɨ⣬Ķ̫̫
̫̫ȹҵܵܳҰɻˣ̫̫ңʱȥ̫̫𣿡
⻰˵ģδ֪ǲ֪ʱ̫̫أ

ʱ̫̫Ź֥ڳ۾ǡТΪȡǺһݣ

ۿЩӲɷһһص
һҶл̫̫ĸ׵ҲŮӣҲŸճӣҵСµĲмж㣬Ļ벻Ѿͷȡ

ˣﶼѾͷ
̫̫һ˫صѾͷرǳ㣬ҾǵѾͷɻԺܵ˵ϱ˵ðŻ׵ĶУЩѾͷԼòԣ֮£ǵ

̫̫ã̫̫ƣһ⣬ġ
ֿ֥һף˵ʵеġ

ſŷϰ󼸾ĻԺﲻɵ칫ݣԭֹǷʱͻ˵ʱ˵

̫̫һ˿ȻЦ⣬СѾͷȴ飬ѾͷԼҿò𰡣ϵĲյһڣǰĸŮ˳ȥ

ϳžͽӹСʯͷӹ۾ûԱ߿Żе㲻ᣬ
С˯źã
֥ͷϵСЦ
ȥЪŰɣ֥һ켯Ҳˡ

֥׵ĸ첲ҵĴţѵ
иż㣡


ЦӦɤҲ˼֡

ǱߣǵſڴתδӺͬ˳ܻȥֱӰԺ⣬
ô
ûˣ̫̫ƵģûΪǡ
ȥһլ
ģתͷȥҸˣ»ûأ

֪һֱϲңɶѾּҲǰˣôҹӣҪѹ֥ȥ˼ҵѾȴ֪ʹˣϿй⣬ԺŲ˴𣿡
һڸǰ˵ػǰԼЩˣֵŮ̲ˣҴ±Ҫ˵Ծ󻼡
һû뵽ԼΪ̫࣬ں»ƣҲ⵲סһֱֱͦıĳӵļ֣ص
ɣģԺ󲻻ˣ

ԺźڼҷϽźĵڶγŭֱ˦һǰ
ǱˣƾôôӣǳԱůΧǱŴĴָ޵˼ң˾ȻŮȥѾԺô̧ͷ

һͨŭֱȥӼһŴ˯ˣ˯ǰ̶ӣ
Ȣ޵ȢͣǧңȢôͿ

ͷͷĸ˵֣ȰȰɣĸȷʵԣŻŻҲͰˣɲ˰

ɣ͹֥ϵãʱĸ׷￴ߵܣŴĸ׺Թ
ϺͿˣۻĺܣզģ

ſڱﲻ˵׻Լ۲ãȻ˵ʱԼ޶ԣ˵֥ԼĶأθҺͶ˵Լ˼






62.     ҹȻ͵͵˰ҹ꣡

ҹȻ͵͵˰ҹ꣡һҹߵĹ֥ͿԺﱻˮʪĵ, ǽ߲˵ﱻϴεĺϣ̵˿Ҷϵˮͬ, µĿ˱Ƕ

֥վſ˫־ٹͷԴһſޱȵԺӣ
ôû

ժϣժ˸۵ĺ«ŵ¼«ĸϣŮ⻰ʵľ֪˯Ĳ 
С˰ҹ, ϢҲŷ֡

֥, ȥ֪˺ɡ
ǽŽź


֥ҵԼС¨ܣ֪˺ʱѵõ, λ

ҹ˯ĲȣθѾͷ, ˵֥֪˺ڴﺢ֮䶼Ƕ, ںͬһôװѰ֪˺, ȻûǱ߾ܳϤӰȸԾŻ֣
Ѿͷ

֥, 첽ܵǰЦü䣬
Ҳˣôû㣿

뿴Цһ, 
ʱ͵ˣ㲻ڼҡ

Ҹϼȥˡ
˵˼仰ǱɺëëҲ˳, ëëܱߺ
㣬

ɿŹֹ֥żС⣿л͹֥أ

ˣ
֥Ӧһͷ
Ҫȥӱ֪˺أ

Ҳȥ
оܵ룬ͷ󲽳źӱˡ

֥ںҡͷΪһȥء

һȺõˣһЩСһĺ֦һɤӣ


֥һԼĻȦӣȻֲһȴʵʵķС飬ֻǽһͻأӰЩСȦͱĬ˺ܶ࣬ɺëëյĽЩ֪˺ﲻͷһûɫģʵû׹֥զôˣ

һŸͰϿĲɶþǰȥ˷ŵ¨

֥ͷϸѰұˮĵ棬С֪ܲˣСһͭǮСĶ¶϶һ֪˺š

뿴˶ɢˣû֥ߴ˴գеĵ
֥㲻Ұɣ

㣿Ϊɶ㣿
ֵ̧֥ͷһۣͼһǸ֮ɫɵĿһɣ²
ѵҸ㵱Ѿ

ôܣ
һæҡͷ
ҿɲң

ңҾͺã
֥۾
Ȳ˼ô㣬ĸ׺ҹȥʻҲ̫ԭ򡣡
֥ܲǫćNɪ

̫ˣ˴
֥Ӧҳӹͷǹͷ𣿡

һЩ
¶ϲɫ֥һЦ
ѾҳԹˣ

뵱
Զţ

ң֥Ųأ˵ԼֲǷģԵĻ磬
ղӣȻҪһ

ʲôʱ

Թ緹ֱӵҼ

Сһ米ű¨ӵϸݣһҹϸﶼǴСȺѣиݵģ֪˺ģּ֥˵ģû취ļ࣬ʳɳԲ

ɡëë֥Ȼ֮ã֣
СϵͣΧЩӵĹϵһһ
żСӿӺ֥Ϥ˵ĸѾͷѵǶ

֥ɲ֪Լһһ˹۲Ų²ţСӵ̬ȣ˸ѾǱȸĸүү̶ĿǮЩ£ܽʡԼʱ䣬ֻԼڻѡ

Ժ̫̫ǰ
̫̫ȥѾͷˡ

̫̫üһš
ˣ

ܵӵ֪˺СѾͷСӡ

̫̫һɣ
ɣЩӰˡ
ԼľԱˣһֱ̰棬٣͵Ժ飬ЩͬһʶĺĶȻ˼ᷢı䡣

ûһһŵͣ°ڶ֦˿ܻԷŹùõ棬̫̫Ҳûֻڷ
ԹĪܣȻȥżҴһˡ

ԼȴӦˣͷԼϵһ
¹·ĸײȥ

Ƕ·ȷʵߣ̫̫ҲûԼʱ䣬ҲȷʵҪСģµ
Ҳá

ĸ״ӦˣæһţȾܣ
ĸٻ

ߣ
̫̫оֲ˳ˣ

ϼʵǹ𣬷һ󣬸ǺóԣЩƫЩģ˳һһŴڵĳţëëСһӾͱˣӾе㲻ã
֥ôóԣﻹͷһ˲ǿϧˡ
ͷҲзյģÿ򿪶Ǻõģȥ궬ɽ髹Ӵ򿪺ǻģӵҪܾãܷŵס

ڶܳһӣǾ
ʱڣܵһӳԣǿ


ԥͬ

󷽷ĵң޶ܻӭĸ׺֥ǰȥʻǶûж룬˼̫̫ƣûǿԼֶǸŮжʱ޲ðѼĺóԵĶ˳˼ҳԡ

ʵھס飬ԺﰤתתȥŷּҾôԺӣѾͷȥ꿴û׬Ǯ

Ժĺӳӣʰʰ׼ӹͷ֥ƿš

ҵզͱ˼Ҷһ
ɺ֣˼Ҷٲ䣬ɹ֥ҵòһ

̨濿ǽִָµĹڱľ֧ţмճһ̨棬̨һӣӵᡣ

Աи̨һߵ̨ӣ澹Ȼһ⻬ʯ壬ûڵש̨ӣľмİ壬ŴССĶǹӣпſڵˮףľͷͭܣøɾ룬Լˡ

֥еɫɶԼģ̨أûʰĶɾĸ׶̨Ҫ̫Ⱑ

ֵ䣬ôһŻĴռ˰ӡ
ľͷŴ𣿡
п۵ˡ

㳤ʶ
֥һЦֽѲϯ£

ָһȣ飬
ջⴲˣ

ʹ˵ɣ֥Цŵͷ
ůˣ̿裬Ҳˡ

ǵòٲɣ
ȥ궬쾩ǲ붼˵ˡ

յʯ̿ţ̿ˣϼʱѾٽˡ
֥Цĺܵ⣬켯壬ȥʯ̿Ժʯ̿ļ۸ĺöˣ
û취ҲҪˣȥص㱾ǮҪԷġ
̿ĵεܴ׬һʣҪðµļһʲľǺˡ

֥͸ͶЩõȶ죬ʯ̿ǾҪõϵġ

˵䣬ստѾ˻𣬳ʼǽԺһһϴˮģһСƤٴмһ룬ӽˮ

Ҹʲô˵
ߣ֣ȴоﶼǰﵹæģϴӱëëƤ˵һȥһ롭

ҰӰɡ
֥Ҵܵ˺ǰһɾĽۣͷǽϹҵΧȹȡһΧȹһŸ׵ϣתϵϴӣͷͷϵСֱӵ
ͷôô

㣨ƨ£
͵͵ͷĻ֥́ͷһۣѵĸ˿ڣ
ͷǳͦġ

δڵǰ洹ŵĳۼȥ곤˺֥ܶ࣬ԼͷĿ죬ǵһͷҲ˼ЦСëˡ

УȵҲӣ֥ѣ̳ӣ
װᵽ䣬Ȼûſű©

ߣӰӣǺʺֻгϲĹ˺üΣ˼ҹӰᶫҪզ죿

ԼӹȻʣ˲ʢÿһˣ뿴ƯŵӣѾͷǲ̫С˵㣿

ǱɳԱҲûҵᵥ͹֥˵ű¨ëëһ˴̾˿ëëֺһţͿ⹫ž˾˶ˡ

֥οл˵¶µĳҪ˵ʲôԼǨŭɣɲʾԭ̣±һѵԺ󶼱Լҵ£

ûųţĸӣҹһϸôĵ軧ǶȰӽ˹Լҹζࡣ

ӭһש׺ߵڴɼϵǽһ̨Ĩһߵֱ࣬ӵ
һשͽʵˣոٸϣС¯ˡ

ۿҪ깤Ȳ裬 
лˣЪᡣ

׺ϴ˰֣Ⱥˮʲŵ
Ҫʯ͹ϻֱ͵ңһһֱӰǮҸ㶨ʮҪǲֱӺ˵´θ

ǰʯ඼׺Ӱת֣ҪĶ͸ɴԼϵǰҲû׬ɵǮ

ˡ

ҿɶ
׺Ц
ȸʮĶصĲ£

壬ⶨ̫࣬㿴𣿡
岮ֵܣ˭Ҷ˭˶ãԼô࣬Ӧ

ҲУԼһʶܱ֤ÿĶضϣһҪȫĵعϸܣҺ嶼ں˵͵ġ
׺Ӻͨ

м󷽣ͷģи뷨ʵķȥ˾׼Щ͵ϵĹԱֲԱȣ˳ĻԼͲðˣʵǮǺ׬ζܲˣҪһǣˣⷽ졣





63.  ʽ   һҹϸ






64.  껭   ϧ

Դҷ, ȴݱݶֿʼ̶ľϻ򵥵Ļ, ڳϦչڴϣ仭ֽϻڴϣɫʸ͡

ֻǲҷǻֽܷѹ̫ƽվãյս, Խ, ȥǰֽϲֹһֽ, ѾоĹӦ͸˵̾ǻĺ׾ӵ, 沿ģĻֽ춼ĺܲ

Ů֥ĵ渡ͷ, ȥҹ÷˴˷Ŀ, ľͷ
ʶĵʦƽʱΪżв廭Ҳܿ, ѵõܻдĸ֣Ҫ̵Ҵȥ

磬ʱͬлûҵ, ͬýǳɣС˴󵽼˶⣬ľڵľлǰԸͶľ˽½, ҪȥľͬһλѼҡ

ĵڶڹ÷ͬһλͬеĵľңľᳵ·ĵ˵طֱƿĳԺﺰ
̷ϸ磬ڼ𣿡

ݺܿӭһ˶ӰȻľ죬ԶЦ
ϵܣʲôˣ

ľļܵ
ֶݷһϸ硣

̷塣
ʩ
̷үү
֥ڸ׺渣˸ӡ

úã
̷ľЦŵͷݷ˸ƣ
쵽ºȱ죡

ľ˵Լ⣬
̷ϸվѣֶмҪ鷳ϸˡ

ֶӾֶӣɶ鷳鷳ģ
̷ľľ⣬תͷ
Ҳ÷һɣĻأóơ
ûһھӦ£Ϊÿʺ棬ҲÿֵԼ棬Ϊһĵʦиġ

վڸ֥æܵſڴӸոշµı¨óһֽݸס

ⶼԼϸѡĻõļӹչһļҲʶ˲ˣ̷ľ˼βףһгԼĻֽţ
̷壬Сֶ׾忴Ƿ̳ܿɵ棿

Ũҵɫһ̷ۣľϳһɫ۾΢΢ɴ󣬲ɵְǻֽԼǰ˹ϸеȻһõҪܻͣ⻭оˣµļֽһһ˵ͣϵĶͯɻʹϲյζӡӶĶͯ
䷭һţ̧ۿǾȣ
ⶼǴ˻տֻһЩϻʦ

̷ľ֮⣬⼸ֽۣЩģȴǫ
ҴӰ꿪ʼûʣ˵Ҳʮˣټ⼸ֽҳģÿ궼Ҫʮţˡ

̷ľĺЦͷ⻭ֽԼĵ֮ͬҲܻ뷹ԣҪҵ͹⿿ɿɲ䣬˶ֵģŬģܳĶּŬģɵ⼸ֽԼͬǰμˣܵ⻭棬ҲԼĹ

˲Ĺ̷ľ˾
⻭ֽҿԽӣҪȺ˵ף̳ܿЩֽӡЩհ׻ɫ⻭ֵֽĲźÿ

̷ľҲøˣǸм
ģֻɫ㹻ʡһĹˡ

ȻѾˣǸѡľϰɣ
̷ľ·Ĺ䣬ָһƷľͷʵ
кľľءľѡһְɣ
⼸ľ϶ʺ棬˭Լ̵ĶһأһȦֱʵ
̷壬ľ𣿡

ðɣ
̷ľ˵ĵ
ľľ֮аа֮Ч̵ľҪúѰѰ

̷ľ˼ѵõȴеģִľҲΪԴҷʱȵļ
Ǿ̷ˣ껹мµʱ䣬Ҳ

˵ľϣ̷ֻľѼֽһ飬
Żֽ߷ϵĲ廭߷һϵܴģҾͰ˵ļһǮһ档

ǮէһˣľϵĻ̷ľҪ۲ߣ¾͵ͷ
ԣֻⶨô
˵ȡǮˬ׼Ǯ

˭ҪǮģϲˬˣ̷ľͨٶͿǸԽ֮ˣҲû
㸶һᶨǮɣǵˣһŵջԼпսһԣľϵҾͶ̳

̷ľŮ˹÷¿ǽҪȥľгΪ˾˶԰һ£
ɣȥҵҾһҲûϣһѱȥҲŰǿհ׵ȴȥ⣬ɱǴ䷽ײˣֱ˵ҡ̫Сûˣͬۿλҡⲽ׷Ҫһѡ

ľ˵Щȣ˾˵ͬҪǻʲôԥģ;ľϡ

ľгӶ˺Ӵ̼Ŵľ˳ˮгϵرˮ˷֮صĺľϡ

ľгͨвһľ˰ѳгߴ׳ľϻţԱһéݶСľݣЩҵĻƶԴΪ

ȵ죬ľг壬ľ¿Ľֱֵһִͣ

ľϵġеûʦſҪѧѣǱ̯ϰڵĴССı߽ΧΧ˾֪ЩԱģǲ֪˱˰ˡ

㿴ƻ棬һɽˮƶôȥǮܷ
̯ϵһľԱ߶ŵ˽ţǰһ˿һƴģ̯һ֣
ľ϶Ǯ
̯һ̧ͷˣ
ϵܰҪߡ

ľᳵ·¿æµ̯
磬أ
æ̧ͷľһЦ󳯺ľͷķһָ
ء

ԶһСľݣľ¿˩ʯһ˩ͷһһķ紵ɹľ̨ף
֨֨
̨׷ظ

̨ȥľľţ
ң︻󣡡
֥ǣŸ׵ûסһЦүүĿ˵үүȡģԢ⹻Զġ

ľš֨ѽһ򿪣¶һë޵ĴԴͷըΧ˯ɤŴף
ֵܣզпգ

кľԻ飬
ľصֻͷָָŮ
ֶʶ

塣
һֿ

үүã
֥ĺ

ﾫһ⸸Ůִľһۣǻݣ

ӭŹ⣬ϸ΢仯֥ܿʲô˼
ûѰ˼ףѾţľļЦ
ֵܣȹģղŴһ߽͵ˣĪʲô

̫ˣǱ»ܽ︻󣿡
ľİ̽˻ȥĪ˵Լ治֪ɶϢ֪˵

ľݺһŲӣĵ϶ŴССͬɫͬ״ı߽ϣȻľϾЩСӶӪ

ľҪȣȻֻѻȥ£ȴģǳߴǵεģߵѡÿľϵļǮһһ̸Ǯ

ľһ飬ͽ˹ȥŵϣϵĺĬ

֥ЩСģָУ̫ɫѧϣߵѧЩ֪ʶ˵ء

ûȥľǶԳ̫ľͷĹ֥ʵ
СѾͷүү

ôʻ
㻹ұĹүү
֥Ŀĺľתүү¶
ֻһ̣Ҫһؼ
⻰е֣ԽզôԽоﲻԣ۾һɵ
СѾͷݡ

⻰˵ĺʶƵģ֥һ飬ǿЦ
лүү佱Ҳô˵ҡ

·𿴳⣬۾ɵĸˣ
ҲֽζľͷȤˣ㸸׿̸˴

⻹Ǹʶ׵ģԼǽ˰ɣ֥еµ˵
үүҵľһϲͨүү˵үүľǾõģҶûľأ̴ƻ桢ľֲĸĸ˵ֻй˼Ҳкľ˼ǽȥ뵽ʶʶ

磬ŻӸɶ
ľԶǼƾ֪ëģ
㲻ֱ˵浱һлأ

ⶺأ
æͷľڨڨһЦ
СѾͷ˼ģȥһ;ͦϡ˭ϵܻݣɵľ붺

Ҳ˹ͷŮеµӣԼѾͷ쵨

үүȥͼң
֥ˣӸ̽ͷ
үүôӢ͵ôǵã

ӱϲЦտ
үȥ괳ǰ̯ӲסˣƤͽΣ˵˶ܼϼʶǣСѾͷģǳзģ

ļٵģǺǵƦһİɣſҲǸģ֥Űɡ

⻰˵ģ֪զӻ

ֵܣ𣿡
Ӹ̾ľʵ

Щɣ
ľָԼõľϣ
ˡ

ǰ°ſһ飬 
ľƻõģ㵹۹⡣

ĸҲԿ䣿ľЦ
ĸ㲻˵ãֱ˵Ǯɡ

ЩʮǮɣͭǮӶԡ
ˬҪۡ

˹ᣡ
ľۣΪԼ֪飬̫ʵϣ첻춼ʨӴ󿪿ڣЩ꽻ĸǵúݻۡ

Ӿôãּۻ۵Ḷ́ľĶǳεģֲ̫ɲģһѰ˼͵ͷ
ʶôˣɡ

ľбһۣ˭أ׬ˡ

ǰһҪǮȴŮסˣ
ȵȣ
ָ֥ԼղŶ⿴Сĺľ飬ҲĴָСһСѴϸһɫҲܴģ
үүһѶǮ

һҲˣľЩСľһֵûУȴûмֵģⲻͿ͸ͷˣ
Ƕһһͳģϲˣ㽻ѣԺȥ̯򿾴ʱҼС

ôԼ˽⣬ֱ֥ϸ˼ּ

ѱŵı¨ȡӵǮӳսȸӻ͵ĻõֻûȺؾֻ˳ȥʮǮʣһᣬֱӴ˻

Ӵ۾֥һۣ˵ҪСѾͷƭˡ
ʲôҹүүûǮҼҵĲ𣿹֥ʾĵ˻ȥ

ӰŰľͷᵽ¿ϣС䣬
ǰǻǡģǾһӣĳݶ޶ԺھҪСġ





65.  ñ    լͷ

լͷ
, ҵ֪һЩ
ɹ롮ṫһĶҵеڿͷҡ, ְͶǵĴ˽⣬
Թ˲Ͼ׸͸·ѲһһѲ飬ѹǲҳ񣬡
˵ٺһЦ
磬һ²⼸׸˭

˵ҵǺʺ, Ϊھ׸Ĺϵ, ҵ浱ĶϤڶȲ, ЩϹϵԶҵ͸Լֶһһ롮ṫ, Ȼˮ, ڵġṫº;׸򽻵ʱȥ, ĵĶˣ׸ĺܶ಻ܵҲ֪һ

˵ѹ˵ĻŵԷ˷ţ˭ץ˶, ֪

籭ˣҵָ²Ӻһһ̾, 
еǡ˭뵽Ժǲ۵ʩ̼һأ̸, Ӳ˽

˼ӵĴԺϯʩŴˮںһѾԻ
ҶǽϵֵܣҵֵʩĳҪ簲µĻ˴Σȫֵˣ

ʩģЩֵ򣬹ܽЩС޻أȫǳ׸εζ

ҸˣºǾپۣ
Ʊյ¥Ļʳл½ͲˣӣǻſյʳгԺӺûùյһСԺ
ϴ׶ʩ̼˵ջ磬Щھ򣬲̴ؽϡ

ãһƱֵǿԳ̴꣬ͳֵǻϡ
***
ԹٰҹĶҵűȥ˿ͷ˵˵Ӧҵ鷿飬ŮǻЩ߻Ҳ⣬ֻ߻ղһ

ʱ᷿ϰյ͵ƣмһ֥һ鲼ɵñ۱ͷϵķͰñӴԼͷϣԴЩַŸǰ˿
ôǾΣ

ñӺ͹֥ʺƣܺõڵϡĶëëͿĶͷ¶ƴСü鶯Ƥɰޱޱһôÿŵ˶ǰһԥĵͷ
ñӵǱ¡

Ķޱޱ°ͷϵ黨ժְñӴӹ֥ͷ˹
ÿأҲҪ

ǾʿСС۹ҲޣصĵطͶɩͲһ
ñӵɫҵû˵ɫֲ񣬾˵ĺÿ

۹⣬
֥е԰ڵ
Լɫɫɫ

ɫ
ǳʶˣȻϣ⻹ܶɫ

ʵɫӽڿɫֻ˵ɫûͣ˵ɫһףؽ磬մһǼġ

ñӲܼ򵥣ֽӣ鲼ֱӼɣΪññ֣ʱñ򵥣ñҪ㣬Ҫ߷ȦҪЬִߣǿҲˡ
֥򿪣ԼȾõɫ鲼ʹߣŰֽֽӣ֥һһܣ⻹׼ͦġ

ԴԪڹ֥ĥ׬Ǯܸʲôǲͷ¶Ҳ޷ǾЩ߻ˣ컹ûԼҵĲñĺģ۹ӹһÿ·ζûɶֿǡɵǣǰñӵģʱ˵ñӡͷиָΨŮ˵ðĲ㣬ԭ򻹲ǲÿ

ޱޱͭҿôоԼˣ˵ظУ

ãñӸ
ְ֥ñӴͷȡŸӿߡ

ñӳ˼һ
֥˵˵Ĵɡ
ԼԹ֥˽⣬϶Լñûô򵥡

ñӵ
֥С˵
ȥ쵽ģҺ͸ڼĲñѾٶඥ⻹ֻ죬ñͺ˴ˣǴ̫ȻңжñӸܵ籣ůҲⲼñӵг

ġ
Ȼϲ׬Ǯļ򵥻ƣԼԼ֪ôһסһԼиĶӣÿĿʱٵġ

֥ôñģֻһ˫֣Ҫʱ仹ڻֽ͵ϣǼֽĻƶ˳ϽĶ࣬ɼ˲ɫӵĲñֺֻܺǲɫסˣûŲñĻƣǽոѲñǮһĵģȥЩ뷹Ⲽñȴһ

Ҫһܷ켸ñǷŸΧھһñӸǼǮʣĺʱ򶼲Ƿ죬ֻҪ׬ǮǾΣ

ǾӴףûũֲˣ߼ȫǮ׾ݵ˼ҶǣñӲ廨ôѣҲ

治λ˲ˣģϽ˳ᣬֽӲüññܣǳЬľ飬Ⲽһ㶼˷ѡ

֥Ų룬˵λ϶ޱޱŮ죬ܿϵߵķɿ졣

ҳȥҾ˵˵
֥ǶˣӸ첲˶᷿š

ҡ¿ŴԺӵܣСоԼϸ첲ȵĿ׷ඣ

֥С˹
̣п𣿡

ϺЦĿСѾͷصģѾµҪʲôմѾʹҵˣǺ£СѾͷ֪ҲûʲôЦ
пգɶ˵ɡ

֥һʱôʺأ
С̺֣үˣ֪ǼҵϸΣ
ʡ֣Ѳ˼û
ƽ⣬ĲſС֣
С̵£

š
֥͵ͷ

Ǿ˵ˣԼǰȥ˼ҸϷ˺֣Ѳĸף̸̫̫ܽ˵˲ٻ
¶˻ɫѵһһ
ȴ˵֣ҲǸˣ漮Ƕڼ϶ǰʮսвսɳĸ׵ķԼ͵͵˾Ϊ

ΧǿлţΪԴȡļߣʥϲսǸӵʿǳźĴӣξԻþǷΪ֣²ξ彡׳ֱĽһͨʿΪͷٵƷ¹УξְѲʹͳפϱ߽ǣʱ䣬Ǩν졣

ɳҲξҲξǰʱĻɻ˱ʣδ޲عѣڳɻǰһӻˣ֣µϲοȥջأ¶ĴܴڰѮ׷й̽ʱΧ׹ˮУֻΪɣҲʱδ޵ӻȻˣȴû뵽۾һһȻּ̫ԼŶԼѹЦı̫ҫ۵

֣Ѳĸ׺ܲĶӵĻ£ֱڿܸɵӰŽܣ߻һʵģǲ֪û
Цų֥գգ۾

֣Ǳж˰֥ˣûĵǲҪδŮδ޲ص㣬з̽ŮҲлӦ֥ɵһ֣
ǻɣҲʶһСӣˣδ¡

һһСӶЦ˽ѵô׮ԵҲֵˣϳŵ
²㸸˵Ȼȥʹ⹫ŵ˼˵Ƕ⣬ǣߡ

ԽҹͬԾƣֱźȵ΢ϴζڻϼҴ˱һ˻һԷ޴һŮʱǰСӲŽ˶ţæӭȥֵ
ôôࣿ

ĶˣϱȥŶͰϵѾϱԶ˵䣬ϳӹ̣
첻ˣǻȥЪŰɣҲŶ˯

СѾСͰˮ䣬ޱޱֻ֥ϴڴϴ죬
֥˵ñӻ𣿡
ȻˣʲôʲôɫֻҪźÿС
˿һ
ޣԣ㻹ԴӣЬһӲʵ˵Ҳÿ
һñ廨

һ磬͸սӣޱޱױ̨ǰСľĳҪͷʱޱޱλԴ
첻ᷢ٣ñӡ

СһΪѣ
С㣬ھͻַ٣ñӶʡ

֥ԼͷϵСˣǰ
ãرķͰɡ

Сľݵ֥ԼͭվСǰ棬˳۾գĿűСʲô٣˵ʵڵģֻСѾͷϣ

ʱδ׵СӶǰ֥ҲȥӶһͷһǱ裬Ժ÷

վǰһۣе죡
ִӱõĶһ飬ȸղɵСǰúȡһͭһգ
㿴𣿡
ޱޱûͷģžС裬ϲ̵ĵ
棡

⣬֥Ѵߵñȡ˹ͷϣ
ñӾͲѹͷˡ
Ӻ濴Ǳ¶ñ棬Եĺܶׯǰ濴СԵ˺Ƥ

ޱޱȹھܣ׼ĸͼɩ԰һ£֥ȴıӰ΢΢ͷ̫

Ķޱޱһͷˮ
ɶģ

ñӺ·ҪЭҴ㿴

֥һ鲼ȹ鲼ñرЭְñӴһȹСͷϣޱޱˣʼԼ¹񣬺ܿͱüȹڴϣñӰȹһţɫȹú֥ǰһģ
ô
ܺÿ
ǿԣô






66.     һľ

һľ¿լ, Ǻľ˹أθҴؿջ, ʹһľϰϳ˸ϳλӣԱߵֶ
ɣȻؼȹǣ쵽ҼһˣҿɲС

ë¿ıͷЦӦ, 
õĹ÷ԻЩõİֽȥ

֥һֽӴ˳, 
үүмͱ, ·϶˾ˮ͵͡

֣
֥ܵ, ڿջѾԹ緹ľҲû, ֺǺǵĽӹ˰,  
ڼ߶㣬㸸һס졣

ҲˣҾȥ
֥ЦӦ, ȻʲôƵһԴ
үүѰ˼ȶˮţǿܸЩ, ҵ⼸ھԻȥԡ

ȶСȴҪĹؽãȥľĥöϣȴʱִֻȹһĺľ, ʵǲģ
ˮţȶǺ⣬ľͷԣϺϵĲ𻵣ҾȲȶǻ˵ˣ

˹үү֥ԼС¨Ÿ׳ţҪȥٶ

ϵļкܴ󣬰ڵֻ̯ǺСһ֣ΪսһЩɢС׼ġ
ĳǵ̯һŵӣνײӦоУӡ̡ȵȡ

δУȺŮ
ţǿɿˣȥţǵĽ˿ֳܲɵģϰֽǾͻȥ

֥ͷӦˡ

ֻţǵӿɲ̫ң⼯ǰζûֻ֪һңλȴ֪λű¨ĺΧסæǰʵ
֪ţǵ

⸽ÿ·˿ɲ٣ǺϰΪĳһָ
ߵҹͿˣ
лλָ·Ĵ磬Ů˳ָ·ߡ

ζ׷ɢֻ߹оŵʲôģζζζ֥ı˲о̫ˡ

һ̳ӽֺıСųӵĽһ۾Ϳ˴ǰĸŮɵһҧ
ⲻȳˣ
ŮŲñ˺һϳһǳһ̫ˣǵ۾ϰԵľͻῴǲƽģⲻһӾͱˡ

Ž̳ԶԶ棬ֻ֥ſ뿪֣űӾͶǰ·ˣûעԶԶŵˡ

ţʱļ󣬰Ҳţﾡãţǿ٣רŵĽλָ·ĺ˵û·һգͿǼҵţǡ

ţƷλƫƧСխ䲻һͽţСĵżëɨߴϵĸңżëӾӭ
͹ٿ룬ҪʲôܷԸ

ȿ
ָָ̨Ļܣ
ǵĻ𣿡

ʻǷȫ˶С͹ٵĿģˣ
ڵĶϳõ͹ҪرĿԶ

û˵ֻǰſϵĻҪ˽λ˵˵֥Žżſţ̨ǰ
磬Ӹҿһۡ
ָһѳӣСϴӹ̨ȡ˳
Сӣ۹ãӿǶҾĴĥġ
ǻһ֥꣬Ϊӵݸĸףһݣ
ף㿴𣿡

ӵգ൱ԵģСƣ
ӵʦ붨һ

Եȣ
ȻԼ¶ˣǻƿһɤӣ
ңй͵

һ׳ʵĺ˽һȭ
ţ׳λֵôƺ
ţ磬
ֵܣۺ˵
ʱµӶǰӺԺһŷӣɾסǰɿ꣬ţ׳Ժ£Сƻȥ˲̳

֥ӱ¨ͳһȦ˿ݸף˿ǰһƣ
ţ磬ҪһЩ˴ϸţ㿴

ţ׳⻬Բ˿˵۾⸸ŮɨһȦΪڵ̯ھӣǰ⸸ŮȻʶȴ֪˿ĺúõζţǣ
Ҫ٣

ţǺͺţǸһǵġ
ڼģֻжûٵģԵҵʱĪԼҪ̫Щ˼

ۣ֥ûס˾죬
ţţ˿ãԺõĺܶࡣ

ţ׳ӿЦ⣬ǼʶСӵľģղſͦȵһ̸Ǯ̲ס˰ɣ
ǶҪôǶЩҲԣ

ָͷһ˴Ĵָ
Ҫ󳤣̲̹ܶĴָ

ô̶ϣǻãţ׳Գ˼ۣ
ǵǲϣţյһһԣֻǿţȴǸʡҪԲ⻬£ǵţ˿ҪһǮ

Լ˿ģһҵҪ۾֪ģǮûлֻʵ
ȴ֪õ

ʮպȡ

Ұºȡ

ԡ
Ѷˣõһֽǡ

뿪ûãֽһˣС̧ͷһһ⣬ļëһһӣӹ̨һ
ϴôпչߣ

һŶȵ
ղǸŮʲô𣿡

˰ţᣬ˵СӵĸҪġ
СƵҲû˵ѣ֥еǰţᱻǮ˵ţͷͷãֻһľᣬ˾һѻȥá

ôоǽ˺óʱ䣿

ң£
Сһм˵
һӰӶһ飬ҾͺݺҪ˸߼ۣ

û˵ȥļң

û˵
Сҡͷܿ϶˵

ǻ뿪С˺Ժ
ңϴ¸ղ׷ǸŮֻ˵˰ţˡ

ţĲ
ţ׳ﾫ֣
ϴǲ뾩ˣ

ǵġ
˿زصˡ

ŮתͷһƬͭӣͭӹ̨һͭʦֱ֥ǰ˿øʿɲԶһͭ죬ͭʦСƣ˵ҪСƸֱһѳ
Լûкʵٶ

Ǵӣ湻ȫģ֥ܿһ۸񻹲ֻҪʮġ

Ůһ˴˵ӣЦ
ͭǮ߲ȥģͭǮǵţǹ˻ͭǮͭǰ飬ּ͢ǿͭļǮҪͷơ
֥Ȼˡ

ͭӶһҩ̣ĵ̣ͷ֥ܶҩĥ£
ۼûɣ°ֽ

һȥԼϷҪֽԼķġ
Ѱ˼׷ȱڲҪ 
ĸʯ۶ҪЩҩļǮԹЩƷõģȹǶ˺ľЩСطҲҪЩ۽ȥɡ

ҳ
æµӵСʵ
ĸʯ𣿡

еģȥƹǱ߽Ǯ
Сưϵҩĳƺòָػ

ǮֽСѧͽȥ˺汧˸С鲼ӳִǽһ˴ӣ鲼Ӹ
ҪĶ࣬Ӿ͸ˡ

֥ǴĸʯۣȷʵƷȺܸߣҲ⣬йļֵ

ҩ̣ŮС¨ԼϣͷŮ
㻹ʲô𣿡

ûˡ
֥ҡͷǮֽͲùˣȻһ£
Ұͭţ͹ȥɣţ˿һԣ˾ûˡ

û뵽
ȷʵǣű˿á

ǸŮһͷǸҵĽ·һôˣͭӺҩɲҽȥϵЩ֣һǿռ˵ģһǿԴϢģһ־ԼҲҪͽģһĹӶˣţҲֻȥʸռǲҵģЩ˵ſɲǡ

ţ׳û뵽⸸ŮֻתˣӹǸСɵͭ죬Щɻ
ţ˿Ҫܿȥ

ţЩҪǲܴˣòϡ
֥򵥵Ľ˾䣬Ϊɶòǿ϶ǲ˵ġ

ţͭ˼ۼǸŮҪ뿪æ
ֵܣ

֥ٳţӣȻڲԶһԹӰĿбӵĿǰ򾲵ĵ
ֽͿȥɡ

үү𣿻᲻ˣ

ֱӻؾүүңҶﵱ֪𣿡

֪⼯ͷϡ

ﵽүү̫˲˦ȥҶ塣
ҽֿ˸ҲҸأ

۾һã¾Ͳȥܺŵˣܿҵ˸׹ֽ߳ӣƹʶʵ
ɣզпչˣ㸸л

壬ҸϴʺãЩڼæ
Ц
ԼҪЩϺõһ

ûѡǹصֻֽѡϺõֽɺܼ򵥣
ǰȶͨİʡ

ǵֽŮпȥĽεŸϣҪ⸸Ůźδڰ彻ãϴ˵ɻأֻǡɫصĶס˲ӣǸŮôˡˣ

ҵᣬϽΧľҪµǼǣþ׸һһ˶ԣͬ⺰
ң

ҵһ
磿֥

ǣŮ첽ţյҵߵ
ܣиŽ̳ӵĺºӸǣѾˡ

ҵһܵһۣǡ

ϻѲߵľ
֣㿴ǻӸұ鷳ֵܰҰұͻȥ

ۿ˽ˡ⣬ֻǸתϾͰѴһģһˤͷһսսĽ̳Ӿ
үֻ·ҳ͵ġ

ס𣿻·
ļҴģǮ𣿡


ǿߣ
ҵǱߴű͹֥һͷӴ˼ҡ
***
Եӱи쵽õ죬ʳĽݱÿնб࣬౨ϲıû˻ѹÿ϶Ҫô౾ֲʱиصļӼ౾ܿͲˡ

֪ԼڵʥϵĶѾ˺ţʥʱս˲ٲȻϷһͳӻϷһֱϣҪΪ̫һЩɽ

ǰԾΰġṫ౾ۣǼǿհҵʶӢ۵䷶౾ģÿ󳼶᲻ʱЩ౾ģɴûһǴӽֵ̻ģһдСҰңִջˣĻ°յģ౾ڵʵۺλʵ˾Ժֵı䡣

ǰЩӣһֹԱǨȻжԵ֣Ϊβ֪̫ӵ⣬̫۹⿴һʵľʹ׼ˡ

û뵽Ŵ˸پôһݴԵµۿŶԵ౾˼
ɵҪҪһ

ݣ
С̫ϸɤֱţ˸³ػµ

鿴Ե౾
ϣŴ˼Ȼ˵Ѿھǣϰȥ֣ĸº󼴿ɼʵճɣ

˺ܿ죬ŶڵĸսţԾʹλ˺Ž˼ңŸԺʯǰֽͱ¨֣
ɣλˡ





67.  ɱ   Ϊ

ΪйپƷ, ߴΪƷԱɣǴֽݱĶ, һػžͰ˺˹ȥ

˼ʳʵԣֻǵй¡
ְЩÿ궼յʳĽݱܽ޷ǾǵǴʩʵĽǷãмĶʩأһƶǲִԭΣż־Ǵһȴ֪Ǻ

λ뿴, 
ȸ˳ֳɹ, һ۾ܿճɣܳʵһЩʳ򽻵Ǻϸ, ǰӵϵȣ
ҼĶǿ, µ, ֻнһ, ȥҴʩ׷ʣֱӷˡ

˺͸ߴ˶һۣЦǶ֪ʩ׷, ôҪĵ׷ֻٶ˿ڣũǿʳ

Ա߿λ˵ɺһѰ˼ԭί, ǰһ
ɣӿ, ڲͬķϸλ˿һۡ

ȻæѿӴ򿪣
뿴ǲԼķϣ֪λǰ

ڲͬķϣ˺͸ߴһۣŸое˼̽̽ͷ

ֻǴ򿪻û꣬滹һֽţڣλ˱ǻ˲о˾޴ĳǺһˮζô˳壡

˵˷ҲżȻãǷʣµһЩʯʯһ߲ӵǽʱշּûκμֲ˾Щ˭ǲ˾͸ʩɷƵģǳܽô
˫ĳȣ߳˰ɣλ˶۾ô

˵ּȻ
Ǻô֣ô˿ϻһһƬҾͿǽһС˵һڶԲ꣬õеĿջһЩǿջĳһϲ˲ͿУֱ˵Ժֱ͹жҪ١
ôλƽʱµĴ˶ȤȻ񡮿ȿȡߴʵ
Ǻʱϵأ

һЦ
ұȽޱⷽ룬ֻΪعҼƶϴǿʩɷعء
⻰˵ģǸߴ˶ûס˸ۡ

װûۣٺһЦ
Ů˵˾䡮عæģпʩɷ㣬ҪغͱĵزһĵطҲкܶʯҺʯۣõͰ򣡡

뵽ϵأͰЩʯҺʯ࣬ǵöʯҺʯࣿ
ߴ˻ɵʵôʯʯҲ˵𣿾赽ֲˣղӣ

˸ӣһͰ򰾵ɣʯʯӽȥͳĵӡֻƣҾͰЩ˭ǵӻͷһĲ
һ͵Ҳ˰ѲӰǷƵһӳ
Ϊִ̱ǵζţŮ˵̫ףҪʡ
ʣ
ߴ˼
ȴϣ˵ֻмͰգʡ

֥ڴ˴ʱǡֻûأ

Ҳʺ¾͸˿ڣ
٣ׯڣһ͹һĶصĵ׷ˣׯڽ߹ཬʱٲһΣµĲϵһ

˵ǿǴƣ
ߴ˵ſ۷ˣһһɨָʵ
㲻˵ǣ

ʣ
ǰζɫˣ
ţΪķϣΪʵԭ˺ܶʯʯңţʱͲЩԣ˭ĺá
Ƿ˽ǰòӷһ£ŵţĵͷ
ϵˣ

ղ̫ϷˣȻźˬɸоǾлʾͲһˣʵʵţأһǺýģ
ǴػڽרŵũãǶ˻˺󣬿ܻҪȥ˵ʹá
˶Խյջ̫ˣķ;λҴ˵Ļⷽӿɲϣƹȥ
жٵũܴ£УҪȥϢ

߻ԹɫολӣæӦе
ڴ˵ȺϢ

λ˵ſʱе
һλˣҼҴɼҾӳ⣬޶ڼҲġ

Ŵ˷ģǻȥ
˺͸ߴ̴ӰĿ̧λ뿪ҲǷζˣֻǴ˴ηǲ˵ԼҪúðλᡣ

λ¹ٻԭίۿڲͬķϣ뵽˵ʱʥϸԼŴ౾ɫ˼΢
Ǿ찲֣ȫ̼¼ϸպʳһϱ

¹վͳš
ɣ

***
˻ؼҺûٻţղŻͿõĶҲڼ֪鲻Ծλ˺ͽ鷿

˵˸ղű˸ٵľΪôĶð˻ɫ
ؼ֮ǰȱţһͷżȥ

ףЩС֮ÿιؼųҸˡ
ҵ

Сôоˣۿ˶һۣ
Υ֮͢¡

ҵȻף
ԼճϹټҷɲ붪룬ҵС 
֪ٱ֮ǡһԱ⼸ǱѹĶȴ֪θðͷȴһθٱԭί˵ͻǡ

ζû˵ʲôߵԺҪûǧշĵһ첻˲ҵжȴԼĳӣһζĶܲǰ취뷨ӽ

ˡ
鷿ű죬
үǱ˸ɾ˵ȥũʩʣ׼
ŷ鷿ſڻػ

Ϻ갡ȤˣղŴɹλʱĲ㣬ԱߵĶʵ
ҵܲܵݣ޹Щġ

õݣվݣҲȥżʶʶ
ҵŴļ򣬴С˵Ҫչ˴磬Ѿϰˡ

һҹ޻
ǵȴԲһ·æ

Ե¶꣬Ӿһδͨӻƺӣˮھ˺ӣӵϵرˡ

ٶĺӵһƬ«έҰѼҰ㼯ˮĪ⣬
ȴǰ½СС

ԬҲʵûð취ΪһΰЩֵ¹ңӣ˭Ѳ߶ˣǡṫһǸֿһӶöפСţһӹݣ
Ҫͨ·ҲһʱɣôֵܳԷι𣬶ֺй˵ģǸɻ䲻Щ׬ǲ٣ɻĸ࣬ٸÿ·ӶǮģƫƫһĽһһټϸ٣Ǹ£벻

ʩֽ߽ߣ˵ҲɣԬļҾԺǰͬ

һֻֽǮ˺۾һʮһǧţһȫֽֽ˺ֻܶ࣬ҪǮһͭǮ̴ʱжµĻǧ䣬ǧᣡһЩû꣬ǧеģ

ʱͭǮǺֵǮģٹԺӣǧھ򵽼Ķǧ׬ֲŶ೤ʱ䣬β죬ǵ͵ȥ㸶ٱǮǮö٣Ѫ۾ֻǧᣡ

ȴ˵ʩߵʲô·أ

Ϸ֮أϰڶ࣬͢ȡʿΪ߶ӿƾٳͷϵľڹӼĲʿһЩֽΪש

Ӽѧôֽ֣ôԺ˽ӶֽĽ̶ܳȿ֪гܿʹô֥ĵģг·ͨˣȻأ׬Ǯóɣѵġ

ʩߵһ·Ըˬýύѣ˵ҪֽЩ׷׶

Ժľغӣ̴ֱӿſжʱԵסܶ˵Ŀ⣬ֽ̫ģԺֽһֱƿҴǰĩķѣٵһͳ£Եµ۵ιƫڴѹҵģһЩ淽ӵС˿ʼðͷ¾ͻս

׺ӰѴɵݶ޵ĺĵĽʵϾ˼û

Ժֻض׼˰ҹĴ̿ͺɱ֡
ݡ
顱

ԬڸԺӵݶϹۣͨ˵͸ʩĵϸ

ôͭǮҪβĶЩǮھһأھ򼸸ԺӣҲˣ㳲һ¡

ǰϾʧص˼Ҳģǹͷʩ£Ҫǰ

ϸ΢΢ˮ棬״ϸƣ«έءҺ׷ѣԹϷʳ

šʩ̴˹̷Χһֱ֧ȡӣȼյѪȵһҹ

̴ļװɱ죬«έС̼Ǵ̴ͣ˺棬·̴׷ױܿʩӴʩʩȻϼװ塣

ϴȥȡʩֵ̼׼
ԬһλֵԸ¡


Ԭͷϵķñһ˦¶Ժ˵ϰȭŹɲժֵ̼׼ˣ

һԬʩǰ˫ȭֱԷʺѡ

ÿһȭ磬ȭң񲻿ɵ

ʩ񵭶˫΢֣˫ȭӭȭ

顱죬Ԭ˼Ѫ˿ҧ
ֵģ

۹⣡
ʩ˫ȭ΢Ŀһۣ
ϧˣ
˵˫΢˫צֱȡԬʺ

һҹӵˮѪ죬ʩ̴һڽڵڶʻ˺ӣһսھ򣬽ϵֽʽ˴ֽܵҵƽնʶֲ





68.     ɱ˺ɱ֮

ɱ˺ɱ֮
˰, Ϣʹ˾ǣǸӿ

ͶܴӾⷵҺ, ҲѾˡ
ҵղԾƣҲû˵ɶ£ֻ˵ȥ¥ǰŸߣҪҪȥ

ȥһˣ
ҵϵĴ, ܵĸ˵, 
ĸףҳȥͬž۾ۡ

¥һľ¥, ڼпֵ·ϣСһҵž͸ߺ, 
, ¥롣

¥ϵż, ŶĺȰҵһƲ˶ˣæָ
ĳ, Է

λϵˬĴЦ
ƣ
ſڵιٰնҴ, ž̳ӡľˮ˲䵽أ⵹ƵĹ򵹲򵥡

ҵ룬ͬŵһƬȲ, ´ͬм伷£ɨһȦ
ʲôϲ£Ǹ˵ĸ˹Ƶġ

ˣ

仰ҹ֣ǵײһ̾˶ʮİʧ֮Ѹ٣ռĵ̺Ͳĸ׷צ

ǰķѲ쵽ġṫܿ͢ǵľģԬථ躹ޣı·ھ̸ô꣬λһϦ𡣡
ӺͶ´ˮ̾ϢΪҵ֮С

ǴӢЩǮԽԽ׬ˣǼЩ˲мôֵܣҲƾ³Էˡ
̳ڵĸ״絹ƣԼĴ룬
ΪӢһ룡

ӺԺţʱͺѽĸС˵л 
ϴһˣıƺȴ֪ɱЩҴ岻ҪӵܣɱٶҲɶӰ죬ɡһʩ̼һƯ

ھǻԹѾãҹŹٸҲҪʰǣֻǱаѱǻĹٱţ˭ȴʩ̼飬Щ˵öڱʩ̼أ
⻰ЩζʵҲ˶٣ֻո͸·ɣл쿪Ƕˡ

Ԭϧǲ֪̻˭ˣ
˵ʯϻô
Ϊ˵壬ֵܶǿԷģԬЩɲһ·ˣ˵

ȴ˵ţզܽأԭմǸͭ쿴УţҪ˿ɱѶˣ;ϸͭѣҪһͭϸĻεһȦǵС

ô˵ҿ
ͭüͷһѰ˼
ƵĵȥһѣҰɡ

Ŷ
бԼˣţʵ
ʲôģ

ȴǲ֪ˣҲһѶģû˵Ҳûʣֻ֪Լá

λʦǰ漸ֵֹ֣ǻܿˣԲγɱջʱУ뻷дú뻷ÿ˨סջγˡ

Ѿɺ񱡲һƬ״ĵţǣͷп˼ӣͷϵϸ˿⻷ڶһɡԲԲ̫ˡ

ҪҪֵܱ˵㣿
ţķԼɱˣ˵ıѸѹͷڴǮõĵ
ζ͵ͷԺҪĶٱ˰ɡ

֪֮ھִһ죬ֻջؾ·ϣλһׯ̽ѾׯڳΣΪ˽ǵʱһؼҡ

һĿʱ䣬ʹŹ֥ȥһרӵӣ֥ǳ޻ģ
޻ӣ
Сһͷˮ
ľޣֻʳӣľûС

֥ͷһֱ޻ţⱾؽɶţ
ǲޣũɫ֣

СƻȻӺȡһ鲼ӣһѻմ޻ϸСӣ
ǲ

Զԣⲻ޻
֥ͷץһѹſڶ̫գ
С磬ɶʱģ

͹ٷģǶھǶǧӶԼũﾫģǳѿڰ˳ǡ
ú֥Ľͬĵ
ҪĶصģ

ǵС㷭˸ۣͷְĶصģ
Сӣ׵Ӳأ㿪ӾմӸǸǡ

Ƕû˼
֥ܲмĵ
ҪϸĶزĶص޻Žб£

⻰ûëС鲼ӷŻȥøСʢ˵ƹһţǰĶصƮƮģƹ˼˼ʮǮֽ

ǵСֻͷкĿˣЩֵ֡ȵȶû˽ܵ˼ҪһҪĶأ
֥ȴӡãǧףӵӦб֤ģԻ֣
***
˵λ˸ȥׯǻȻͲðˣ
λߵǸ֣ͬҾͷˣ´ν߷׷Ҳ䶨ˣԺ󶼲ٵЩС֮

ڶһ·С¿õõá棬λ˳칫ҲŸ·ֱվͣ˳
ɣЪţԼȥׯֻæԼġ

ҺһЪϢȥң继λҪӲͷϵ˵ˣüɫ裬ɣ
г㣬Ϸ׸͢ȷʵߣټˣ춨λ˺úд

ܿ죬ȫʹҴɰѷϷ׸͢Ϣ컧λҪӲ죬ҸһԼſڶʰĸɸɾģţʵǸԺ⼸Ұð٣Ҳܿ챻θɾˡ
СǰŲ۷׷ףǺµľ˵
˵ⷽӸ˳͢Ժ÷ϻ᷽㻹ѣ

Ҳż򵥣Щũߣкõũ߳͢ƹ㡣
ҾѣôأţҲô࣡

˵ٸṫӻǺʹһ

ɣαܣ˵Լµİ˾ŲʮˣֻԼˣ

ڶգλͬȥѾũʩ˵׷ڷũѷʵǸԺӡ

ַϵһһʽҲд౾ţѵȲ˵򰾵ʵģ

λˣͷĻѹѹŲȰѾ˾˰е

ȥĳɹ飬ȥӵĴֲڵ棬ʱԺԼã˭õá

ϣǽ˰ѿĵһпϣӡţǡľϺͽյĿ档

ֳɵģӻ˳ߴ磬һŰֽó˻ε棬ССĿ̵ȥֽϲЩ΢ݽͰߵ㣬ˢֽűմˮǸոߵİߵ㴦ͱܺõڸ

ֿ֥ʼһŽһŵֽֽܷ̫±ɹֽŻƽһŴͼϣķ͸͸ˣһѹ˿ʯһҹֽ֮ƽ⻬ǰһģ

һһЧΣ֥ҲſǰʼѾŸѧϰ򵥵ɫī֣ǰ׽̣óͯܿһʿͼԾȻֽϡ

Ȼ֥е㻳ôû˱͹һΧͼָָ㣬
ôʣ
զеۼͷë¿

ȶ̵ģܵĹ𣿡

۾ͦ鶯ģ֥л츳
һŵŮӭŮм

鶯ɶһƥλۼȲ࣡
Ҫľգ







69.     ŮĻ






70.  Ȳ   һƥƥ˿

һƥƥ˿񱻳ϴ﷭, 绪ӿ
ôõװȣ
Щ, ·ء

ġ˳ġ˿ӹ֥СֻҲֻܸ̾û
ĸǸ۵ӣ֥ƥɫĺһƥɫЩģƥˣ
ⲼҲЩ˸ģָװûȥ

֥鲼˸Ʒһװȥһ˸, 
ǿΣ
ַ, ľװöˣ˷һȫͨ, ְװʽҲպȵ

µʱգ۶ ˿һӰ, һѰ˿ȶĺľȱСĵװȥ, ϵһε, ֥ţϾͿžܻضǮ

ţӵСƿǽæӹ̨ţ˿ȻǳģӹǾϲ
ǶҺգ
˵ˬͳ˰ͭǮ, 
СֵܣͭǸҪûȥõġ

Сͷ, ͭ컹
͹Եȡ
ܻ˺Ժܿţ׳˽ͭݻ, 
ֵܶţ˿⣿

֣
ţһһĺãһ붩ţǵģ֪ǮܷЩ

ˣȻǳǻεȻû״ţ׳ϲʣ
ţ˿Ժ𣿡

ӹͭ͸ԱߵŮ˵ʵڵţ˿ôףۿ֥һţ˿ͭôðʣµͷ
õģ궼Ҫá
İֽ껭һ궼С 

ţţ˿Ҳ֪ǰõ˶಻࣬Ǵӽ϶õر࣬Ժ˿Ҫһֱͼ۰
̧֥ͷѻÿղһţ˿ͭһһԹһģģԼҵ˿֮ͬ˵ûǴԼõУ⻰һ»Լɵأ


ţ׳ˬĴЦ
Ǿͽ㼪ˣ˵ҵţ˿ұǮ㣡

լ
󣬿ͷϰִֵʱȶȡ˳ţ˿֥ţ
ļ

ţ˿ͷðһ֥̺õͭ쵽˲仯ˮ¶ãһְȰѣһͭϷֱţ˿סͭͷϴһȦţǶ̺ˣһˣһ棬֥û뵽Լ֣ǵһأͷ̵ԲԲģһ㶼ƫ

ԭ
ӹȥͭ죬ͷ̳ͷȶĺʺȣǰúľȶɼ򵥶ˡ

ҹˣԽԽһֱʮȶţȶЪϢ

һ磬ԾͿʮ˿õȣɫ˿һͲ
˵ΣӾͺõĳȥ

ˢ
ȿϺϣ⼫ˣ
ȷʵȥĸãȹǼ
ʱµļҾ߶ԼΪЩ˵۲ɺϡ

δͬأȥ϶ʣд㣬ٺͬһֱͣѡ˸ƵգգЩ֮á

ֵȵ죬Ծ¥ղˡ
˾ˣ¥ĶңҪʣ
д⣬ʱºղ˵Ͼ˼һٵġ

˵⣬ʯͷͬˣϴθѧղϵĴ˹ȥԼҲ̳ӺþƵŲƺȣޱԼĺƤʱ˺ֺѵԺӶȻһæӭ˳

Եµۼλ󣬺ܶξ߶бǰ̽˺ܶµľߣƶǰȴȡ˴󲿷־λϮǾλƣôЩй֮ĺΰأ

Եµ۰ɢٺְ¹ЩӵͻᱻΪɢ֮ȴְ¹֮ȨԺְ¹ٻҪоټ֮ˣŹΪʯҲֻƷְ֮ٺãֻʽΪְ¹٣ٺ»ƷƷȡ

źԼͬĵĳɣû뵽Լһ˾ˣλòðŰһŵ˴λԱߺԼһϣôɺúд

⿪ϯأкȥɶҪæģ
磬һŲ裬ȥո𡣡

ɶ°
˲ɻܰɣʯһקס첲
Ǵĸѧͽأǰ˵Ұɶȸҿһۡ
˵ĿģеǵĶ˯žġ


ȷʵЩԱ޻˵˾úдλֻôԼĿͷָϵӵ
ء

ʯԹ˴򿪸ӣóӽ⿪ӣǺľһãˢչһ˼۾ǵܹɽûвʶģײ飬ȴЩɵΪӰû 

Ǳᣬ֥ͶޱޱڷôпͣʱŮܻһСҲʺôпʱ¶档

ʱֵʢģǾϯͰԺҲûˣԼǰ׸Žõǰͬźڴµͬţ֥Ӵ۲Щų̸ֹ˺üˣǾ׸ʦүͲͷҲˣȻ͸״к˵ʱϲʶأ 

ףôۿʯŸȥ˿ͷͷñϴĶޱޱ
ãȥ˿ͷ

Ŷȥɡ
֥һСѾͷȥû£ޱޱͷû̧ͬˣϵһƬúõĺɫñܣֻ֪ͷϺòÿ

֥žͿʯڳ˼Խתķɿ죬ҪÿλƫŵĴأ
ҵĴ
֥Լϱȡˢչ쵽ʯǰ

һһƥէԽԽȴмͯȤʯЩ̿һ֡ǧӳÿһʶϸһ£ǹ֥ղôϸ仯ɴİ취׾Ҳƣ׾ȴ

Ļ֣
СѾͷͷʯڴ˿ôĸоѾͷţ񲻽Ʈĸףֵô̺ӵģ

û˼ЩȻ
СѾͷԼȣֻѣԼúÿС

ʯԽԽϡ
ȶóСѾͷ͸Σ

֥ܴ󷽵ĵͷ
ҵ¸һȵӣΰֵ󻯣

ʯȱֵ߱Ļ˸ȥ˳ӵԺӣȻ鷿ĵƻţֱ⺰

ƿţıڿ΢ٺʼһţͻȻľζ΢΢ü
ֺȾˣ

˼
ʯںİڰ֣ɫĴȡһ˿񲼴
ΪʶʶΪġš

úȷ˵ʮ飬ԺﲻֳǸСѾͷŵģڼϿԼ׵κãƾһݰҺڵĽӣĸôͨһˣвмֻƾһպڣ̧ͷԼĸףԸ׵Ĳ˼ϽֺǺӶģڿŸ׵õ͵Լǰ԰ڵӣɫΪͷ죬૵
ҷһ׬ǮĻᣬҪ黭Ļƺְæ

ȻȥϢϸߺ
˵ǰԺȥ׺ȵ΢ĸҪ˯鷿ˣԼͻȥ֪ܲܡ
***
ؼ˳·ȥҴһˣľջķᣬ˾˵ͬȾյ˻񣬻ȥַ׷ǲ˻ϰѼƥĶ˻Ǯ

÷Ⲽƥһһƥ⻹ҲһʮͭǮǶһ壬ȹ棬Ҳûôϸ

˵Щ˶ϲԼȣľ˵ĺӶɰѲ϶ǮҲôõׯ˼ʮǮʮᣬƻظɣ
ǱǮҲʮᣬȰѱǮ
ûƴǣ㵹ҲˬǰˣǺˣִӱ¨Ǯ
÷ھʶӻ̶ҷǳϲİȣ˵ûֵģƻܺǼӽ֮ǰһЩĪûᡣ
ʯ˵ĺޣʱеȣ棬˲ʫȴΪŮʹãȴȣᵽֻ̻ûɶѵģһͻᣬ׬㡣

ԹƷ׬Ǯúľȹǵռˣɼһ㣬æһҲͼôǮľ¸ǣ 
ȶøҿ

ʣµţ˿ˣܿͭ춼ϣֽ̹÷ȶΣȶԲԲĺͺľƣľǰȷϣĵͷ
Ժˡ 

Һţֶûˣ´ȥ
̫ˣ
ľҡͷΪһľнȸУ
˵ȡ
ϴ˵ʮգεռɡ

ѵӸңҸܴ˼ҵĳһˣһҪ죡
***
᷿֥Ѿޱޱ廨ñһôͷϣ
ģ
˭ģ
ޱޱãô幤ɣ
֥Եõӣ֪˻Ϊأ

˵ֻδ˵ıģæñḧǺ
Ҽõ幤ˣ
˵ƲƲ죬м
ĸһֱɩ幤ãǺЦĺܣûмĺ幤

֥治Ǵʦ͵ܿãپʵڲԼյģﶼһ㣬ӵ 
˵Ѿ˲ˡ

׬˶Ǯ˵𣿡

˵ģ׬˶ǮҲ˵ǲ𣿡

ס⣬ְֹ֥Ժȱӵⶼ׬Ǯȥˣ˹һСľӣʮźľӹȥ
֥㿴СľӣҸϵ
ľЩæȹǣֻŵÿմĥ˼š

ġ
֥˳˼ӳŴ첲գүүĥ򲻴

Ҫ鴮𣿡

ɣ
֥ӷŻص
ģִСޱޱô档

һԼķݺܸˣһ죬¶ϸǺľӰȥţľĹܳķɫϲ̵ĵ
ССһ鲻̫ʣǴϵҲ
ȴŻȥӣһ
֥˼ɫһµģ׼пȥԼűӡ





71.  ҪǮ粨   ľǸж

ľǸж, ڶһͰѴʮ᱾ǮװǮߵſԥһ»ͷְǮ, 
Ӣӣʮң

㲻ϴξʮ𣿡
ӢӣֶӶܴԼ׬ǮˣǮҪúţһá

Ѱ˼ųǺľ֪ٶڵľϣ̫ˣۣ

治Ƕ򽻵, ׸ºöľȱľĸעĿ, Ҳһ͵Ϣ˵ľ, ĥ˷ܣָͷڷȥǼ۸񷭱ĺڻ, 
һܵù, ʲôۣҵĺľ

ʲôۣҺʹɵպ˼
ľº, 
˲֪жǸȻҵףĵԺ˺Ҳܸģ
˵ߣ浱Ǿһľϵˣľϻؼҿ

ֵ𼱰
קס, ﾫ֣ȴŹ
Ǿ, ô˵ҲϻˣǺľһԭ۸㡣
ôŵߵˣԺԼҪĻء

︻Żת, ֻǿЩľȴϺ϶ѺӶˣرϴԼЩεģֻЩнڰ̵ʵǿ۵ģѲѾ˵ľҳһľϿı߽ϣȥи´ˣܿӣϴεѾ֪֥ҪСľͷǸʲôģ˵нڰ̵ĸãԺЩҲҪǼۣװ˳¶ʮǮװҲҪ㣬¿ͷ
ǮӶȥ´ҪǸźһģ

һͳϷ֮ԵµҲ£ǰ仭ɶʷ׳ʣ͢黭Ժѡ˲ţΪҵ黭¼

ǺͼԺնһ黭Ʒֻƾɽһɽȸͼֻǽ治ͬȣһչȡ

û游ʦӻƺ֣ǰһѰȸɽȸȤ黭Ժͬۿ

˵ѾһѺľȣƫƫԼ飬Щֻ֪참ֻ֮²ۡ


Ǽӻġ
ӣ
˭
˵Լֳɡ
ֱ̼ԣǻȱǵͭ壿
ǲȱǵͭ壬ȵһʯĻʦʦʱ˼ż

Ϊľϡ٣ʯɾӵ·ӣÿһȶĻʦֳɣֵֻܵɣտʼԥڿƷȵıʱԥһɨա
***
䣬ѾһˣԼӵǰһ˴ȥƵ׺ӵ¿ڶִ˺Ҵ¿ýӻ˼ңȥүүҳԹԺ˹֥ЦӯӯĳǸ˸ӣģ
ɩС̹֥þò

֥һۼʱƼͷݲݣ·һһƶɿĲ

ϰǷ첹Ҳ̻Լߣ·ĲЩһոµûκβѣڼɫö˵ӣ֥еĵĲŷ£̫̫žû̱ˡ

ûгѾźĹ֥ףԹŵһŴѧʣλ̫̫Ǹи֡

ֻһһĶ˵Ůˣ˵̫̫϶Ź⣬
̫̫ˣＸӺŷǳʱȥģЩֻһˣЩɨιĴֻһջ˽ү̫̫ĺλӵʳζ»ȥҾҪź򡣡

֥Īϲ
λûСͯ𣿡

˫־нķϣЩѧѧĶϰˣ
еģ˵̫̫ҵģҪŹȥԺ飬ҾͰѧ߻ܸȴ˵߻ѧˣҪȥźСӵġ

ԭСԤѾͷ֥ǸǶѡͨѾͷأ˵
̫̫𣿡
ôǵûûӡ

˵¸£λ̫̫׼Ҷס죬¸¾Ͳˡ
ȻʱҶͨģ˵ݾ͵ݣ˵ӰͼӰࡣ

Լһµ˵˵Ź֥ȥ䣬С򿪣
֥ǶӸţⶣҪŵģ˵кóԵĳʳҴȥ
ׯͼӸŹ֥֪˺Ŵĺѹ

棬֥ţһĿУ޷ǾʳѾͷûӹͷԼЩС£һµԼ֣Ҫŵȵȡ

ȥˣ
ź󣬹֥ʵ

Ӽࡣ
ȻԼҲࡣ

վԼſ˿ץСеʵ
磬𣿡
İɣ˵Ǯ˸Ȣϱģ˵Ǯˣ

ﵹ˵⻰䡮šһŸ˼ңû֥ǸֻũæʱڻжԺӼҵһŮ޺޵ĵ
ǶǴģǮ͸øﻨǮó
ǿ
Ȼ˵õǮǸȢϱģǮ͸ùҹܡ

ҴТӣôǵǮӦõģ
׽ܵƽʱ˵·ˣΪ˺ǮҲɤӡ

ʲôӦõģûүү͹Ǯ
µԲ׬Ǯǻġ

ӷĴ׽ܴǽ߳һӳ
Ƿˣҽôʰ㣡
Źֵ׷ŶӴ򣬿ܸܳɣ׳ĸСţƵģܵķɿ죬йܴԼϡ

顱
ॡ
Ҳûֻߵ߹ѵ

~~ˣ
޺ųԱ߿ֵĸܹȥ
ҵˣ
ֻΪĸƫĸ磬˭֪ӡ

ѾͷǮҲûĵʲôã
ﲻ۶ӣܹŮȭߣԼĺ׬ǮԼģҷҲðѹظˣ

ã˵Ǯҵģ˭Ҳ


ȥˣеĻ׼ȥȰһ£ȴŮסˣ
»үү
Ƿ޿ǺƣӸ׬ǮŮȥ׬ǮǰںǮ˾Ůôõ£
Ϊɣµ
֥ڸ׶һֱֹͷ

ȥˣ֥ҲŰˣȥ˶ңڼֽˢˮŶڿŵ߻
壡ëëأ
֥̽ͷˢֽ˸кܵʶ

ϿܸˣæߣԱߵӣ
֥ëëɴȥˣѾȥһӣƿˡ
֥һЦ
ˣëëȥ֡

һʱ֪˵ӲҪֻǸ˹֥ûëëüͷʵ
զˣǶӣ
Ӵʲô˶У͵ģֺеģҲбģ׽ܷģΧʮҲһˣׯ˶ŶǶû

ˣǮҪʹùòϴ׬Ǯǵȥȥԣ͸ˡ
֥Կܽϡ

̫ҪˣǮܸǣϰԺǸ޵׶ʹһӾͻˣ
Ϻ޺޵ĵĸĲǮӣȻ̫ˡ

˵Żأëëһ¨Ұ˻ˣ췿ӸǺúϾͷë¿ĥʣЩҲӣ׽ͷСУټϼҼҶļЩһɲٳԣִŶӣëëÿԼųȥʳ

զпˣ
ëë±¨ͿվſڵĹ֥ϲĽе

֥һЦ
㿴ֵģ

ģ
ëë˷ܵܵǰˣ

ùûˣҪǮҪȥãԺˡ

̫Ҫˣ
ëëһͺܼߣԼСǮǮĸ׶أ
Ǻȥ
ô˺һݵأ

һǰһˣҲˢֽƫǰ
ɣҲȥ֡

Ÿӣײզ죡
ԿԲĶӣеͷʹզƵİְû֥˵

۲һת
𣿡
ĽΧȹϴֻ˼ϱȥ֡

⶯ֵĻͦ·˲˶ǳһ򣬴ͷ۷׷ף
͵˶ᶯλ˴ģ
ˣ˵һǮ
СǮŲӦõ 
ǵǮﻹʣ
Ҽбľ˭뵽׽⺢Сʱô˻᳤أ





72.     û뵽

û뵽, ֻǵѾǮһ粨ͷ˵Ĵ, ôæ°
壬ϻȰ뷨˵ȶüȥ
˵ԱߵĳӷԸ
ȥȰţѺӴˡ

һδζԶ̾˿, Ȼ, 
ܾСܸĹ˭˴, ˾ˣҪӳ, ԺӦõ, ûûֵ, һǮҲܱǣôġ

һǰһ׽ܵԺӣ᷿ĸӷּҺܺʵ, ˭ܰӹԺӶľͰľ裬еӰ˵Ĺ, ſŶû˽ȥһŵζӿԱߵ᷿˰ͭ, ȻǰԼķŸˣүүˣŴӲקԿ״š

ǣŴֽĴϣɢҵͷָˣͳӰŮɾϵָӡôʺۣǵĶŮû¹֣Լǵ͹ǵĺġ

ķС᷿ţⷿģס䲻ͰԼĴ˹˼Ժ
үү

º󣬿Ǳ˼סķܿƫ˿ȥϵͻʵֱӣ
׽ܣ䶼һˣһ˲˵ò˺÷ĵţԵδӣ

׽СʱǸͦϻ۵ĺӣ˭ͻȻһһ˵ľ˯һһƣɢ˯һֱ˯˵޲ֳꡭ

ԲҪ˴ΧЩ̰ڵ˲Ǵһ֪ɶ۳ë𣿲֪Ų𣿵Ȼ˷˵ǰãܵĸĸ˳ȥĸòТͷѹ޷ԼŮܸˣǮˣŮӲ쾭

ɴıˣ׽ܵ
ôҼЦˣ⺢Ǯؼ⵱һ˭⺢òǮҲ֪ǲǱʲô˸ƭˡ
˵޵ɨȺǰվŵһۡ

˹ŮȰȷʵǶԵģ̲סˣĴӻͳǮ
ĪұţõǮء

׽۾һһǮֵ˻ŵүүǰһ
үүҪ˵ȥѾ׬ǮȢϱǮԼʲôԣ

ʲôǮǶһˡ
׽һָԺļ
С¯ʯ̿ЩᡢҪʲôã
ΧŶҡͷⲻǼҼҶеļһʲγûõˣ 

ûһһǮ׬Ǯﶼǻˡ
̧ͷŸ׷

һǮ˼ҼһֻûһǮǱƭЩ߰ģǰǮ㲻Ҳܺ
⻰˵߯ģҲ¶ʵĿģΧ۵ȺЩú׬ǮĸӦõģʱҲȥʱǸʲôģҶأٿһ˶٣ָ׳İСˣǶǸŴմĹ⣬˼ҳԷѧգɻǮ۲أôɥĵľͳƭˡ

һСڴһֱǱ𾴵ĳʱһӿͨͨģֻоӵȫ˵Լһ⣬һӵڽ춪ˣΡΡվĳӵȥæȥס˿ͬڵǱȭ
쵱ŴһҰѻ˵ȥɰᵽԺʹܵܶչˣǰŷ첹ѣĵĽñ˵ԻǮ˵ůġΪֵͬܵԭ򲻺ðʦҾźƤ˵ԺǴɵֵܣֱ˵ͬԴ֦ͬͬһ˻ӦõģգǮһͭǮϸ±ɥĵȥˣڻҪŮ׬ǮǾ̰ӵǮˡ

Χ۵Ĵͬˣͷһӹӣرģ԰ټҷĺĸ嶼Уǰߵļ㶼ᱻĺӣǶԵûвˣںӴ˾ӵѪΪĸ

Тĸ쾭壬ǲǮҾ͵ǣ
׽⻰һȫѻȸΧ۵ɫˣ 
ǴûгТŮҺӴ˷ּҺҲͳԵĴТĸҲа¸ǮģҲиʳģ֪ǷҪôТ

ǾҪǮʹÿÿТһǮ

ޣ
Ⱥиʵȥˣǰ׽˿ˮ
Ҫ

磬䣬Ҫ˵Ҳ׬ǮˣѧǵÿڼţǺȺǺˢˮ£ǵġ
һȺмˣԺԼһ׬Ǯʱԩĳ棬ֱ̡

ⲻ
ȺЦһԽĥԽǸ⣬ʱһɻһûؼһǮǺõˣοũæʱڣ¡

ϡ
أȴš˶䣬ͷͿĸŭԼһ䣬
ʲô°

ߣ
һŤͷܸԱߣС߿ڼͷҲڿ֣ɵ˵ʵû˵ɶֻšĶ䡣

ǶԷһʱԺ˶ָǺЦ

ȿȡ
оˣɤΧ
ʹ䶼ܸɵĺӣۿһҪȢһҪޣҲЩͭǮÿ¸һТҲӦá

һ̫ˣġ
׽ţͬ⣬˸ղ˵壬ҲҰѺӱƽˣһ

һ˾һᣬ򵰣׽ʹλǮˡ

Ǿ۸Уÿ´ǮģԼ취׬ǮģΣ
˹˵ţۿ׽һۣõܵһɵĿ࿴˾ǲһľ

۾ȥʾ⡮ӻͳǮӣһͭǮϣĳϵãʣµװԼǮֱӰһͭǮݸ游

ͭǮǼ͵ĶϱһۣʱķˣһͭǮĸ߸ߵģ
Ǻúÿһۣ
˵վΧھӸǰתһȦ
ӣϸ쾭ģϸҲҪҪǮҪҲ࣬һ¾İɡ

ôҲǵɣ
أ֪ҪҲòͦõġ
׽ܷɵˣû뵽һԼĸ׻ȻҪǮԼȣ֪ǮòˣһǼ᷿ϵֻͭҪסǮͻҵģ

ǹȥˣȴ˺ۣǰûĸô£û뵽һֱΪԼǶӣĸƫԼģ˺Ƥȴģ

һֱǮҲһԵǲǾͲˣ
Ǿ仰ȥˡ

ôܣ
֥Ʋ
ǾΪϵӦõģŮǸ쾭壬˵ʱͻȥ͵ȥɴǻǮеĸĸǰӵģǸԼˡ
䶼ţ֥˵еӹȥʱǳе£˵ĺǻ˭ںأ

෴Ǯǻңָָ©һǣֻҪǵֽŵ㣬ƢӲ˵ûҪͽǡ
常ĸģ֥Ǻô򷢵ˣ۽硢뷨̫ˣ͵ÿɱ

ԼǸԺӣԺסɿЩ
һҲȫˣܿ˾ǸԺֻһͭסԼĸġ

ⲻ游ĸͬˣ 
ȰԺȦ׬ǮһЩʯͷľͷţȷӸҲ˵ˣá
***
ʱĺܿ죬һһоƤںĺ·ѷᣬˬӵˣҰׯŷյĹʵ

ʵԺ˵һηʣʱ䶼ŵģϸ֥޻ĶѿĨȥŮÿ޻׷ʣ޻ֲ꿪ʼ׳ﳤһ֦ܣʼˣըˣ¶ѩ׵޻

֥һ米һ鲼׼޻ˣԶͿԼԺΧ˺öˣԾСܹȥ
үү塭ôҼԺɶҰˣ

Ұް
ֺЦ
Ƕ޻ģǰпҲûժһȥأûǰժС

ƬҲûֻͭľ˨˩סˣһû¶ȥʱ֥˨һͶŽԺӡ

ָ֥һʺϲժ޻
үү޻ѵС˵ҪӲժá
Ƕǵһμ޻ôĲ࣬ЩǶ䶼ܿ𣿡
ܵģ޻ժ˪һ޻ܽöأ
֥㿴𣿡
У
֥һժ޻ûԼֻ֣ſӵŴһױδǴӻﰤԷ
ⶼˣżֵأ޻λô󣿡
үү˵˴ҵ

֥ɻ˵ǴǻʵģǼٵĺðɡ

Ǵɵĵطʰɣ˵ôʣһ׷ʣ㿴޻ҶӳĶʵ
ʱ޻Ҷӻأоĺܡ

ʵҲֶˣôֵһҵĶޱܻµģҲֵ㡣
ȥ˵һӸ㡣
ߣһ˵ȥ
ǹ֥Ϳҵ޻ɣ˳ְԼ޻Ӹˣһ˩ϣںƵţﰵ⣬ⰮļƣׯǼҼҶҪ޻˰ɡ

յϲӣ껧ھǧĶǹ롢롢붼ԴʵõĶӳ󣬱ԱͬڲֵԵַ׳ǾӪͲʱɢһɹֵֹζЩںӲζţЦţ
ҲҵĹأ

֮෴ǱڽĴ󺵣ʮݶδ⣬ԴʮһǰʮݸøһƬѸ׳˶ٶ˿ڣͻ˴󺵣룬ô˿ܶȹϺĶ˵￪ʼ̤߽硭

ž
Եµ۰౾һˤǰⲽû߼ʹԼܹ˵̾

£̫


ֵ˴󼯵ӣ̯ǰһһģʱЩһʲûµˣǸóԲ٣Щ˼ҾͲֻ֣˲ЩһʲǮѾһ༯ɶʱɶأÿȻԽԽá

֥۲Ѳľү˺öף֪֣µľӪˣѵˣ

ǱɽСۣ̿û뵽С̻Ǹ̫̫ԭĻѾˣ߳ͬˣǱ˹ýֻչҪף̵֥˼˵ǰܳء

æһк֥̯ӣһ˫Ь˰ղſ֣µӰȥ棬ڻڡ

ֻǵʱ˵ЦʿǶȻջᳯЦߴȤĽȴ׷ͷ˳ȥֻʣ֣һˡ

ĪľﲻǸӢͦվǰ
֣硱
˫ֽץСδ˵ĮԼ·ʶһ㣬Լʲô

ս£Ҫ̫սǹۣ˵þʬ
˵˴֣΢΢ӣҿ˫۾һ̾ѵ
Ҹ˼Ҽ˰ɡ

ֻоһˮֽ˲·û˵һ仰ֻǶĲʵ
ս£֪Ҫã

ս˿ԤϣҲ£Ҳꡣ
֣ĮֱĽң
ҪĻãҵĻ¾ʹգ

꣬
Įӿһˮʵ
ҵ꣬ûҾͼˣ
˵һһֱ㣬֪Լиĸףһֱ

֣ǲĻͷһۣһʱĲһĲᡭ






73.     ٵԶȥ

աٵԶȥ, ֥ԱȦС̾˿Ϊ˱, ˭ȴǻǻȥ߽̣ʮݰǸλжҪѧʷ˶ףһ֪ʱǸͷСǼᶨü۹֥Ҳ˰ˣ˭ûиִأԼĪûɫˡ

Ÿ׵ţ˶żҴ壬ʱסڼ, һæ, Ϊ˻¡

ΪǰСŮ͸óˣﲻõֻ˸ըװǲ˸, ָСŮŭ
ꣿ֪ȵ𣿡

ֻͷ, ƢԵľǿĸ, ο˼, ĿᣬԼϱǷǵģ˼Ůʡü޾ͼޣ⵹, һͻιġ

֣Ѳսһ῭ģŮȻԸ͵ֺη
ɽʵǺ֣δŮ, ǰһʱҸõȥһѣ˵㿴Ǿǿ, 㻹ܰ˼˲ɣ

ҡͷ̾ϢһѾͷ̶ֻΪĸʮǮƸҪһɵӣ˶ûǺŮѰҲˡƨá

ߵģ
ҹϺ޺޵Ťͷϵйߡ
˻
µȥ֣Ī˳Ͳĳɽֻ졭
***
⣬ǧڽ£꽨õĲֿⲻˡ

̫ʴ߾һݽǰߡ

䣬˴׷Ϸд󹦣Ҵܿ˿ھӣдٹʮҴܵľڶһҪúý㡣
ԵµһŭϲɫϷͻ֪ƫƫǲǰţһôܹǿķӰ

ر£΢ҾӹȴǻԵɺϣҪҲҴܣ΢ֻǵ˸ϲѡ
ԹػٴĹҲлϵĸǶģû⻰˵Եµ۸֮ӣɲ֮

Ĺؾ۹ͣΪҪʲôͣ
Եµ۽ģʲôǸˣȴҪʲô

Ըֹȥͷֱֳʥе
˵΢Ҳ֮ˣ׺öȴԵڿƾ٣ָɢ٣ȽŲãܼҲ˺ܶ಻㡣
̹ϣȷʵĿǰΪֵķͣǮ׬ؿ򣬵ĹֻǮʹȴǲġ

Եµû뵽ԾΪֹ٣ɵ뵽ԼԼԼλ;ˣֶӺ͹ùãѪǣ
պҪ
ɢҲǹ٣Ҳһ˾ܷġ

յ˾˵ţҪܷͣǽţ

ϰ¹򿪣ļѶ˳·ҲзգʥҪļأַѡ

֥Ÿͷ״һɫĵܿһӡֿ϶Ÿ˼ӣ֥ЦȰ
۾ǸׯˣͶͻֵصľ£߻ʲôãǻֽͼֽõĳֵģ㣬Ϊġ
֥룬ϷӿǴһǻҲ˳֮˵ɣͲǻʵۻʸι֮ߡ

ǽ͵ģ 
ҵʱǻʺֻë飬پ䣬ҾӺηмˣǲʵġ
ľ̸֮ȻĽǡ

ˣھ˾˼סһ;˾˼£ѧЩ֮񡣵ڶɢ󣬶Ծʹ˹

ĳû˵ΪŮϲӣÿ춼룬ʱͶվһ𣬶ŴӳںµòҲΣԵµۿĺֺǣ
˵Фˣȴǵһμġ

ÿδɳŶ˵ⳤӳ΢΢ÿζҪһ
ϴЩԵãòŵˡ

ɿɶ飿
ԵµۺͰʵ

ž˾˶飬ѧʫ龭񡷡ǡھ˾˻ҪÿдһŴ֡
Ļص

ֲ⣬Ѿ˵ǷӵԴûиԽɷֲеľϣ˷ӷǳļʵãҴй
̫һݾǻãʳպ󻧲ûּۻֱۣӦʯʳװÿγ֮ҪܾãȻ˾ʹ󷽡

Դ˹ţյʹϲƷġɡɢٳƺţְ¹ԵɢƺҲˡ

ҺϾһӲˣԺǰСƣԽʥϷɢ֮⣬ʳؾǿЦ
ʳ֮ʹ;Ǹÿÿ¶ʮģÿǰٻʮǮʳʲôĶûУҲȨǵĸְţʳҲֻһϮȨ

ͺܺˣ
ĵƺ˾ϣԼСƱ;˾һ
ⷽӸ鵽ҲסǴȥҲ˸Ǯǰ׵õģһҲ׬ôأ

ǺȾƾͷʣֻСˮƾɫ죬֪Բô˵Ǿ 
Ժ˹ҲùˣԺÿɵȡɫĹٷ

˾ֺˡ
ŽľĸЩ˼ž˾ٺȵ㶼ס

ˣ˯һͺˡ
ûɷ飬ʱ򷴸ҪŴɳɼҵݷʹɾҵˣβˡ

ˣ˯˾ҲˣһΧǰʹͣвϣȴΧʥּʳصķ飬԰ſʥϵ˼һ㲻
ҵȥǼˣԺȥʳغ͹ٷʣʶ˶ࡣ

ҵԿĵİظĵġžž죬
սˣ

ʹ͵߶ǰ򷿾˾˰ǮѾ½һ֣ȱʮý컹ˣָԼϻӺܴ󷽵ĵ
˾ˣޱޱҲ˵׵ˣкʵӾӾھ˾ɡ

԰߶ˣľϻӰɺϣݸһЦ
ҵٺ»ֳˣҵҲͷ࣬ѾˣҲúǮԺ֥ҲھӣʱޱޱҲиӦ

ٺٺ٣֥ĺĶͶޱޱ㿸һ£ҹһ£Ҳ֪Ǵʲôա

˿ͷ֥˹ȻҪӣڸҪأ˭֣
õȹǲЩľǮѴͷӵĻɽɡ

ûŮ˼ֻ
ɽģ뿳ӲûǮ

ɽ϶ëȹЩȵȣɽͷҪԼĲź÷ĵ֣Ȼֺ˱ȥզ죿
֥ɲԼæӱ˼Ҹժˣǿ̫ˣ

˼ľȷʵ׬ЩǮǹ÷ҲԼˣٹﶬǻðܶǸʲô黹˵

׵ԥ֥ûмǽ
ȥŰȥְɡ

ڶһڱܵͬȥţ鶼øĹ󣬵ǼԼֺסַһٷ˼ң֥װ
ã
֥Ľ⸣ܸܵģֲ˶Ｗ޶͢ëˬ

磬֥㸸ȥ͵̯Ѱ˸ƷĦʱ¶ӵĶ÷

öϷƷǵһμ񡢰ȡȻ·治٣һȻȤ֥һ̶
㿴ǲҲܺÿ۰һȹΣ
̶ȡ񿿽ں̵ܶĲɵģڵͷʵؼӲȹǵǸ뷨ȱȡЯɷ̫ˣľˮ̫մѰӣѰǳ

ھѵؼ۴ˣ
˴ǱɽضǮɽҲ˿˻ĵأе鷳

Ƭ̸ڣܼ谭˿ĵˣֻɽм˿һЩأ֥ˣ
ҿǼĶز£۵ʱǽһ·ЩϷӹֻҪӾˡ

Ϸô࣬йϵ˽
ЩҲǮǼǮơ

ȴ֥гһЦ
ʩ˵ļɽҰȥ






74.  ʵ   ʩһֽ






75.  ͢   

, ½һë߷, 깤һټ䣬ԺӲݽɼɹϴġȾɣǰԺӾëĴԺӣʱſ¿⳵ﲻһɱ˼ս, سǺʹӶȥ֪ͨ, ԸɱĶë˹ÿϵ˶, ôշǮΡ

ǱëѾʼӪ, ϺͻǺͨһԱһµũֱΧ, 
˵ǿҪʷ
ëܻǮȴǲ, ǷϸҲԼ˭ỨǮȥʣ
ǰ֪˭ģҲ±Щ

д뷨˿ɲ٣ĸߴ˽ӵְּʱͦܵ, ʮŰ˸ƷŻлϰһģ˭ȴ, 
ϲߴ˸
ͬǷ׷˵ԲԵĹأƷкãֻǹһϵ, ̫˰ɡ

ߴЩڻΪûôи˵˵ﻰĺѵģǾĶˣɫݵʱȴû˵ɶֱ뿪źߴȥ¥˸ż䣬ˮ¶Ǻ󣬷˽ž˵
ߴˣȴǸʲ

ߴǰҲԼƣ
⻰˵ģľʣɲǸʲ
ʵҲǲ˽ǷϵĺôڣؼǸڻô꣬оһ뿪ǸϤĻŬ񶼻ΪС

˷ʷǱ˷Ҳ
ദ꣬β֪ߴ˵飬˲ӪڻҲûɶͷĻᣬǳȥһҲ˵ģʵȨ֣ûбסඣ
׷ӵ׬Ǯģǵʱ౾дⷨã͢Ȼʵ˵ԺϾҪһ͢ƵأֻҪǷҪϣԺǮ

һøߴéٿмٱ
лָ㡣

⻰˵ˣ˼ܵ˾ʮǿ治ǰ׵ġ

ߴ˽ּҪݣ鷿Լδ£һλָʹһλ׸ǵʣ
괺ҪﶼʣһѷŸգһɱۺ۱＾ҪϵĽˡ

ߴһʱûת
£أ

ɼǵҴģ
Եµ۵ķʵû֮⣬ѡߴ˵˲һЩ

ߴȻ˵㣬Ҳһ͸ˣðɣˣǲŷĵţȻ䲻˵ţ໻ϣеİջĳ͢ƭǵţء

ܿ죬һʵھ⽨ɣһʯʯ˳źֱ˵ǰٽŶֳһʯʯʱĲ

Ǳ߿ʻƥһͣǰ֥֣
㡣
Ǹϳĳϻİ˸ŵʷ˵ϡ
ŽŵǰһƬæ˿

ȥѾ棬ܿߴ˾ӭ˳
ɣˣ

ߴˣ㻹ǺҴɰɡ
ĲڣæŹ

νߴҲ֪ǸʵˣһЦ˸ƣ
ɣЪᡣ

֥˳ֵķ򿴵˼ӪʣˣǽĽ裬ȻԵµӽһ㶼飬ɼ

ǼľͷʱСľݣΪнפԭϵһѾ翪ʼ볡ʯ࣬ҲԶʼ볡ж

һ·ϿӱޣҲҺˮʱºˮ˿иɿʣǱ߸ߴ߶߶İ˵˵һ飬
ʯӸؿܴ󣬻ɰۣһµ¯Ӻ˼ʽҲɵ

ߴΪʵһЩʵȫԲʯже¯ӺùֺٶЩļܾϷӣҲһذɣԺķչԼ

ʱڸߴ󣬿ǴжʯҲֻǵͷǺõҲûж໰ǰϵ¯еĺԼһשĴŴڵеľõ¯иӴ棬ҪȥͶϣôǹ¯һ𣬿ԸõĽʡȼϣǱһѵʯ̿ȻȼϾʯ̿Ϊˡ

ǿǻѣѾѳСɽĽͬʱǵҲ˹߻ũŽʣרŻʵĵطλŹ

ȴ֪ܲأ
ߴָǶЩ²ģֱӰϷʽŽʣָʣ꿪ķʾͿõͻʼҵũϣʵѹûôˡ

֥һֱŸ׵ĸ첲ȰԼǸСѾʱС΢΢˽һ˼״κ
ţ޷ׯ˼ţûʣҲǳԵĲϣӦǲģֻҲұ֤һЩõ˵ԣҲܿ졣

ߴ˵ϲӯӯĵͷ
⣬ܲݿ˴ʱʩʣҾõ˵һԡ
ŰѼĶת꣬ɫҲˣʹŸߴ˵ؾסһû߶Զ·ոµĴԺ-ë߷

֥ƿӿëߴԺǽһķݣȵ˶죬߷ʷķҲ˰ɣЩӣӶԼȥģƫƫԼһϵҲûУ־Ӫʽ׬Ǯֱյ⣬⳯˰

ڶմڴ¿ؼҺ֥ƿԼŽʵڴףŻˮһֱţ󲿷ԼҵĲ˵ʱͽ裬Ĺ۲ŷˮ棬ͷϱ˸̳ӳǸǶ˰죬⣬
ҪرĹӡ
󼯵ʱȥүԼ˵ȥ

еķرĿ죬ڿഫʱҲ⣬еɴаëܿ͹ε¸мϡ

дӾë¼ģ
ɩӣǾëëߣָУ㿴ɫſζ
˵㣬ëżǮë߶ļˡ
û취ëߺ߲һë򵥣ɷȴ鷳ҪѡҪϴҪɹѵȾɫ˵˵öٹ򡣡 

ֱëģǮëЩɱë̫ˣ
СӣëǲԭģְףؼԼ߾Բ

С̣ҪҪЩֳɵëߣ
֥ëߵİ峵Χ˺öˣӵȻԽʡԽඣȻ뷨вϸķë˾װ֥ŵ
ԼֲǲǸǮ

ԴëմȥЩëıǰɾǺ˵ĲԭģǶţǲԭëǲԼˣԭأ

⳵ëһС̯ϣȥ֯ļë˾ǣ֯µ£֥һ곤˲٣ﶬȫҪֶӣĸһÿյģĸչ˵

ëëȻǩ߱һҵ붼Ǿϸѡϵ˿ֱֱģһ˳˿ϸȴ֣֥ǰļʶĳߴʹϸ˳֡

һ긾˱Ÿ¨ϹŵǩƷס˽ţƵСѾͷʵ
ǮһԼ𣿡

ǮһԼ
֥һݸĸˣѾЩĸĥûƢһôɡ

˭Ǹ˴ӱ¨ȡһԴ룬
Ҫһһġ

֥һͲԼҵգֱҡͷ
Ҫȥ򡣡

Ǳÿһϴ˰һԣ˭ȥúӸһȥûԵġ
Ǹҡͷһ

֥Ȼ𾴣û޵ˣȻֹ˿ûԼôȣɶϰʽˣҲ̫ö޲䲻ɶԡ

Ϊˡ
֥ź޵Ŀͻһ飬˭ȴû鶯
ҼͦȺģҪһɡ

ɡ
֥ʼ磬ղŻ˼ңת˲ŵһһʡ

֥㸸أ
ԱһϤӰԹ˴󲽿̯棬˸¡

֥æתĵ
ҵȥǱ߿ɱˣм£Ҫȥһ

òã
סֶ̯֣
ᣬҪȻŻ

磬
ִ֥һߡ
ȿ̯ӣոպ˼Ź֥Ц˫гһ죬
л֥ã

Զõߣڸ̯ҪĿȴΪ
һҵգҲĿӣʹҽЩ

λһҲٲɫӣñֽոӣǲɫĽոѱ»Ųһ⣬˸ѧҲûãӾǺͱ˲һһԽԽãʱ˳Щ
֥һæǰ̧׽ǰ֥ó룬
Ҽҵ֣϶ģ־һУ֯ñרõİ롣

û۶٣
ϸģģֵģġ
ɲͬǴֲڵǩӣ֥գɢһĹ
붼˼ú˵һȵ첻ʱôһóµһ

ﰵ㱾Ǯⶨ۶˵ȻöЩٱ˵Ļ¢ˣȴûôԼǮֹҲ׬һġ
˵빩ӦΧöóĽ˶ʼĥ룬ǮһҲһ

Űʱ֥ѾոװûþŰǮ͸ʮͭ˵к
ѵôŶϼүȥ






76.  ײ   ëеĶ硭

ëеĶ, ڼиϼ, Щߴ崮ĻɣԶҰӻС̷˹ʮʮʵ˲٣ֱ֥ӻߡ
ʮûۡ
˴һʮʮĺܼ򵥵£ǹ֥ƻ˵гԼܶ٣Լûǳá

ôһ˵ЩС̷, ʮʮô, ʮȴôյģеһӾһ͹, һһӴʮ˼һǿɲס

֥ѾǵĻѹѹҪȰΧгռ, ׻Ҫ껭, ЩС̷ȴ򽻵Ժ

ҪСЩɵ, ôƫƧĴӶܱҵеɵĻɻ˴Ϣʹʲôʲô·, ǵ촫ЩƫƧĴӡ

ëëıůõ˴˵ĴޣرǻƺԱ, 붬ǰҪػһЩʳβҶ̷Ÿǧ
Ҫ룬ԽԽã


֪׬ǮѾ·, ڵȵԼõϢվɴ˰복ȵӻ̣ƹë¿ġ̽ͷһˣæкСһ
졢ȥж

˩¿ƹľ˽ǰЦݿ
ɣģ
һǰ˭뵽ǰ˻֮أҾǶңò

֥Ӻ泵С˵δĻ
Ѱ˿鲼룬ǩӡ

֥ھǿֻ˼죬ȴ˹̶ǩӵĿͻҶҪǰӻµӣʮǩӾ͵˻
˿ʯĺǶģԼҪĸ˿һҲˡ

ֻӻ̵һ¥㿴Ƕ˸Сƾ֪ˣæ֣

ƹЦݵĴ̰֥˫ȺĲԱĬ㣬ŮȶԼΣŮͷͽӹƹ˱ǩ֣Ϲ˽壬һǮźվãַʽܲ

ڣ
պǮʵ
ڵġ
ƹϵϲɫȥĨ˰Ц
Ϻͷ˰죬鲻̫ãɫǺڵġ

˵ʯӷŵЩֺýύЩ̾ѣҴķ½صӾЩ룬λܾྴķޣʯ˱治ȵıͻ᳣Լֽɡǲ

֪ʯ鲻ãվ˸к
æģҸҴ졣

ʯɫתƣȴҲûȥֻſ˵˾䣬
¥ҽѸʶ

¿֥ڸ׺ֹ
鲻õӣӰǿͰģ۲һ¿̫ˣһѴʦϸתͷͱһ˲裬ܹòŹ֡

ɶ۰զû˵
ǣŮʱðİѾϰΪˣеĲ²˼Ļһʡ

ǶĿԽǮĿԻŵĿ

Ůһ̸ۣͷ
ѹֶ˵ԽԽ񣬻ͦеģ㿴ﱾͦڿһˣҲɷˣ뵱սʱӾܣ۲ͬìܣͬ˾ӹϹˡ


ӱԼٵĺöˣ֥ġ
***
ΪԾƣ˾ͺ;ĸ˵ԼϲڼҳԷ

ðɣǼ˶ڼҳԷＸҪռò̺þơ
϶ϼŮҲĺġ

Ϊз֣ؼңܿ͵̷ľңŵһһһ飬͹ƣǳĹ⻬˳֡
֪ǵһνӴ棬̷ľĳľ嶼õԼҵ鷿ϵīˢϣðֽ

ŽֽԼԼǮֵã޵
̷ա

̷ľҲֵ˳ˮ飬ָŰϵīָ
ɿ֪ӡˢī֭дֻī֭һ
˵ϵúûùûеī
̹Ȼ


̷ľۺһģԼҵúīķ
ж꣬Щ˵ܣУǻȥӡñҿ̵İ滭á
̷ľľͬѣӦĺǾġ

Ĳ϶һһ£ŵ׼˳·̷ľ˵ɢƷ

˺ͬڣֵȺӵſСƵкһӿ˶֥ס˽ſף
ȥϵú

̷ľ˵ͬҹհʮһҴӻ̣רЩ黭õӻꡣ

ӻ꣬ν׵ӻֹ꣬֯ӻ꣬黭ƷĻӻֻ꣬ǡǡǣǻϴķ֣֥Ÿ׺ӡ

ӺܿĿЩ˹ĵĶˣű¨žͺ˵Ŀ⣬µֱߵ̨ǰ
С磬ˢ
ˢװõĻӡõģ
ӡõġ
ӹСƵݹм˿Ľͷ΢ըˢͷã˼ӹˢԼԣȴԣ
Ǯ
ʮġ

ˢͷùȻãԸһˢˢī֭һˢˢֽȻ÷˾鷳ˡ

ǻȡһŴͦͨģŸ¨˭ǸǮġ

ϵúҪһ
СֽӸһϵú֥ʱúͦȤģΪᵽһú̿Ժأ˭ӻ̾ġ

͹ٻҪʲô

˵ˣȴ֥ʵ 
𣿡

еģСҪֵģ
ҪûȾɫĳ顣

Ȼ֪ŮҪûоӵɶãǸǮյ¨׼ߣȴоһͷŮ¶ʵ

ҿǵͦ˼ģҪѧ棿
ָ֥Ǳ߻һ̵ߵ

˵ǵɶ˼ģǵö϶ӣתһ룬Ůһ㶼Ȥ⣬ҲԼѧһˣô˵أܲ⺢ֺզߣ棿
Ǹ򸱿̵ͷүүľͷ֡

֥ɲ֪ԼĶͯø׾Լֲˣֻ֪˵Ŀ
õĵ
ֵĴһӣ
͸õĿ̵

ҲŸտʼ֣Сõľ
ŮûӵģȻˣ
ҲҪЩģõ˳֣

Ŀ̵֥ӻ̿ɫĵ
Լõʱ䡱

⻹أ㲻Ҫͭȥ
ֻͭܵĶȴû̸ɣͭû֥˵ʲô򷧣˼Ҳӣ֥еƣ첻ˣο
ʰɣͭǮͲߣǲҲ

ʱ룬¥ƹһǶҵѣæС¥
ʯųѾ絽ˣ̨İϰں˱īֽ⣬ǽĽϰһ迪ľջ²ġ

ȴ˵ʯӰҲ޷ΪӵĽ⣬ҳӺӵѧʶԵµ۶ҵĴѹļѲǰ⣬ָŴϻ۵ĳӶܴܽ˼һѣ๫Ȼ뷨һ£չӼ壬ʯɫã֮ģ
մȥׯϻͼҲ

˶ǰԾױŴ˻⣬
ѵϢһ죬ڼҶ飬ŻѲΪ
滭һûУ๫ÿЩֽɡԼһӵȰȥŵ޹๫ԼܲˣԼܹܵ˰ɡ

ûûְиҲǲһ¶Ŀ
֪ӣʯ죬ͽ˼䡣

˭֪ͻãһըˣ

㾹Ȼ˵
˽еӣԾױվ𣬾Ӹ¿ɢĿڴ๫͸һ
ֲֻѧ֮˲žöȵҲٵģҲ档

˼ֱһ˼ûУʯһ˦˸·ѣһס
ʯ֣Ӧλֽǲˣ
ûûǽܽܡ

û뵽ǡͻ˵Լ󣬾С˸λţ緹ʱû׵Ӱ˵ĸԼ˿ڽǣǱȰĸ׺ֹҸȰͣʯӾ͸ˣ¥һ˳ȼλѡ






77.     Щ

Щ, žͿӶ˸ִһ֧ˢˢͷԼ 
ϵ, 
ʱʯﻹһüչЦĿ 
ǸӶ˺Σ

һջȸ񻭣ռ˰ֽľջʯֱʣɡ棬òɫֱӻֽ棬ϵա˧졯仨ĶɫԱȣī͵Ӱ

ʷ, ⼸ꡮ˧졯Ʈ, ϺɫɫȻ
ѳζҲֻ⼸

, ⻰ʵϣ
ʯЦ, Ҷ޵ī֮, ôͦõ, 
˵˵ȸΣûʾΪҲƽʱϰ
ԭʱͱĸ׽̵һһۣعص, ϲڿɷϲڻ԰֦ͷߴߴȸ벶׽, ֻȸԴ׽
ʯں԰Сȸʳֽ, ϰߡ

һȸ鶯ĺܣ
Ǳ˫ɵһȸﰵЦ⺢Ȱ͵˼Ȼңʯ˵ģ˺ӵĿˣȴ֪Ц˸⣬
˵ȸҵŮҽһС¡

˵䣬СѾ˲ˮºȲ裬ʯ˵С£ֻϵص˭ֵȴһֻеȸѵȰҪŷվţһĽӽ߾ѵĹ¡
ֻСȸС۹·˵أ
û뵽һ˶صĹ£ʯºҴˡ

˵Ц䣬΢
ſˣ

ʶһ£Ҫûֵֽܣ
ʯļǶλѽܵ
λϸ綼ǻֽ֣λϸ磬ûףͼұλ־Զϵܣûͯͼ

˶ǹٻӵкʯζͶģ鰮滭ƫЩǴ֮õ׻˹ʱҲửЩѣżȻ񣬶̾ѣһֱʯֱղˡ

ƹѲ˹ζ˶Щͷߵĳϰں˱īֽ͸ɫϣλսʶڻӺīĶԼóģƷ

ЩĻֽһһʣŮ֥ûĿ佱ͰСǱĬ۽ɫøʻǻֽҲԽԽԼصķ

Խ⻹ϾɵĻļǳ⣬λѶ˵֪éٿ֮С

˼ȻͬΣ
곤Ļžˣ⽻ʱʹ˽⣬ǰ˵ʱ½УֻҪͬüɣĽһ˵˴ҵĿ

һ
ͬ⡣

ЩԥԼׯ˼ңǲһ·ۣ

·𿴳ĳʯǰƣһһת
Իѣͽһ黭Σ

黭ûһҲаʮˣòá
СЩ־ԶҡͷЩԽԽ࣬黭̫ͨˡ

뵽Ůϵ껭껭ģһֱַǳʺԼĻֽ
Ǽ˶ԣֶΪаĻ껭Σ

껭磿
ʯһĥƴЦ



־ԶһɶԴױаڽӭĻ껭ʵ

ֱҹʱֲűŹͻ˶լ֥ŶĶĵ˴˼ԺӣͿױŷүŻλƵͷߡ

Ǻ˶٣
֥첽ǰŸСⲻϤ˶ҺȳĿ湻ġ

ҿû
ŲЩģ۾ȴĺܣ
ҽʶѣأ

Ѹ׷˿ͷ֥ȥ˵Ƶ˵
̣ҵˣѾѵĲˡ

һЩѬѬˣ˭һӦĴһϵĵĻδ˯ŶԹ֥
Ѿ˸ȵ㣬ҲŻȥˣ˵

֥ӦȥСϵѾȺģʢһ̶ȥ˿ͷ

ѾѵĲˣ˷ܴ⣬ǰ游ڵʱ򣬻ָֻֽ̽˾û֮ǰ̸ʫʸ踳Դ˾˽·æѾкöûͬó̸ˣ 
֥ҽʶѣ˽һ껭磬ջƴȥ黭ӣԺھҲ֮ˡ

︸׸Ǻñӣ֥Ϩ˴ͷ͵ƣص÷ڴò˯ţʶͬõѹȻһԼûôأһֺͼһȫһĸˣɵԼǰЩԼɳķСͬѧԼǸԽǰһԼֳĹۣ֪ԼҲЦֻ޳ʲôӡ

һѾˣ֥һ۾ͿһŴŮƵԶ㣬
ǸСľҪҾ


ޱޱֵ˵ʲôˣɴһſ֥ϣ
СȺľ

֥ͷƫˣɫŵСŮ
ҵȥջһˣҵԼ˽һؼҵġ

Ҷȥˣ˷Ÿɩͷٶסһɡ
ޱޱ˴ã΢۾ʵ
֥ˣج𣿡

֥˼һ£̶ί
εһĴ磬Ҹں׷˭Խ׷ܵԽ죬ֱӷ죬Ҳŷ죬˭ɸһҾ͵˸ʺ۵ҰˮĴʳ

ġޱޱֱӷһۣ
ɫǻ裡


ֵ֥Ĵӡ

Ҳû˯棬ɵϢϰ߻˴ÿĶҵһ߲˺⣬
զ˯᣿Ҹղȥջ˸ɩˣ÷ڳ緹˵ջȥո㡣

һͲżˣͷȥϴ

ܿ죬ϴϴʰʰ꣬ǴķϾˣһΧźС࣬ıӣмᶹǣֳĴݿˣżҲûʳԵĹأ˴պ˭Ⱦƣ˵ʶµͬѲ껭磬Цŵͷ
ͬûཻɵĻһ¥ġ
⼸ͶԺͻԼ洫˵Ҫڴ﷢ˡ

үүĺûӰ֥̾

Թ緹ȥѵ黭ˣ֥ڼҿżŮ߻ڒţֻ֯Ķͬ֯ëµģ֯ë߿ģޱޱ֯һñӣŰͷ֥ñ֯ɲͬë·ʾ
㿴룬Ƿ룬֯֯뷴أ

أ
ޱޱǺӵˣӹ֥ë߿ʼֻ֯оʾЧˣ
ܱ󣿡
ԣͷеԣȲ±ֺʵ
֥͵һֱԺ˼

⻰λ˹Ů˶֯档

ŵĶԺǻ֯ģ֥ЦĿߴߴĴҲ˫ʮ껪Ľǿò˶þͻԼ֯»ˡ

̫̫ӻ̵Сҹ֥Сӣ˵Ƕλͭʦ
ŷſ첽Ժſӵ̫̫

֥ˣæܵԺ
̣Ҫһȥͭ˼Ҳ˸ʦȥһۡ





78.     

ٵʦоеܲס, ֻΪĨȥһˣ˭ȴʶ֮, κΰ
򷧿Ǹ˼ȴͭ򡣡
İֽ򷧷£ʦźҡͷ

֥ѾʡˣؼҺֽźһ򷧣ѾԲֻǱнҵܵͭϵȹʦ˵, ·ӾͲҪȥ, óһֽƷ
, 񿤵ξȡƵļ±Ͳжүүֿ

ʦûоܾ, ֽܺƷԼǰ, 
С, ҽˣͭҺܸܿ㣬Ҳܸȷʱ䣬ܱ֤ܲ, ֻ˵һԡ

ⶨҪ٣
֥æͳǮ

ʦǴ򿪵Ǯһۣ˰ɣɵֵ, 
ֶĺܣСӳθҴôǮ

⡭
ⲻʾ𣿱Ϊ˹ϵͲ뻨Ǯˣ㲻Һúզ죿ֹ֥

ͭܺǮ, ܳҲ㳤˼ʶҪǮġ
ܳɣⷧǲҪǮģǸöȴʺ϶˵һǿɾûˡ

Ǿүүˡ
ֻ֥ⷧһʱԼһֱ׬ǮĿ֡

ͻȻĵ棬һǵľ֥԰ڿ̵ѧ棬Ǻ޳ɵ
СѧģǵĥӾͲˡ

үүұð廨ֱôϸ߻ѧ̵ҲѧգԺҵЩ򵥵껭ҾͰſˡ
һ֥û˶ѹѵѧϰȴʱ⣬滭͵ԣɿʲôأԼı£֥һ㡣

ɲľɱ֧֣
ãһؼҾ͸㿪ϰľ壬һ֪ʲôľϺãӶߴ֡
иʦָһͺˣľͷ̷ľʱȴû˵̷ľֻԼֶͽܣ֥Ůޣǲͬⷴúʧ

֥֪үү˼¿游׺͹үүģԺȴתŻؼεӡˢī֭

ʵ˵ıҲõҵֽŶ䣬¿ʱһģ֥ۼֿķס
㣬ǽˣ

˳ǣ¿ǵһӭĸȴû֥Щ֣
أ

̼һȺҪ˵ģȥˡ
İѳë¿ıϽë¿ǣιϲϡ

Ҫˣ
֥
үүȥ˼ҪС
ԣ͵ķӦ
˭Ǯˣ

֥ôôأԲ۾ЩĽղ˵ûⷴӦ˼ҪǮҽ

£˼ҽǮ
˸ۣǿͦһˣȴǸģǮҽ裬ںˣ
˼˵ûǮҪСݶߣܵүүأ

ǮǸ֥һλȥǮǱƭǡ

ȥ
ݶûͿ첽ߣЩǮ˿ɶǻӣʲô¶ĳ

ѽ㡣
֥С˵ϸ㣬û뵽ˣæ׷ȥ
˵ղŽ˿޺ԭ̰
еֻУϲôô

ɫѿĺܣһǮһҵÿ궼˵ʱ˼ֱҵ˸ףǮ϶˺ܶ౶ˣȻλؼ

ʱԺ߰˸һĴ󺺺ͶΪ׵ҴֵǶţΪ׵һСĺһǷֺĶԺţ
ԹǷծǮ쾭壬ǼȻͬǷϺѾͷˣʮǮ˽տɲֹˣ

Ǳ߷ϺСݹǰధԱ߿£
ɥǣԴŲ֪úóּңֻܣɸѾȥǮǸɥĵġ

ҲûĽ޵ˣ
ûǮˢֽײܼǮҾؼҽǮ˭ӴȥǮ

Ǻˣû뵽ôҾǮǮſӵģΡΡָ
Ǯ㻨ˣ͸ȥˡ

ұ죡
ӵģָźĳϱ
ȥҡ

УԺӣ˿˺
ˣ

ʱԺ˶˹ǶһŴУѾֵܼԽԽˡ

ǱҪǮȴмǸȳӣܴĹ˭Ǳ߰˸ʾǰһվûǣֻ˳Լֵܱ˼λǰ档


ɣ
ų¶һ˿Ц

壬塭
ҵļλͷ糾ͣǸյҾ͹ˣҲϵˡ

Ǳɹڸ׽ű߾
ľͽ˶ʮᣬʵǲ֪ʮġ

ſǷֺĺӣ
Ƿҿһۡ

ԭǸʶֵģСĺӰǷǰλΣ
㿴ֽдء

дĽǮʮᣬ£Ϣ壬Ǯ±ҲʮᣬȴλҪʮᣬĻˡ

֥վڸ߿ĺʮʮᣬǸϢʰٷ֮٣еѰ찡ϾûдǵϢǸϢǰ˵ŴӵҵģүүҪƲˣԼ˽⣬Ƿ϶ǽҪûġ

ͷߣֹ˼䣬ԱͶ嶼˹Щ΢⣬
˻棿
ͷ
ȥרж

˶һۣ̾һ
㾡ΪǷû
ôһˣӸˣǷûԺҪúô죬ǰ˵ҲĺӣզּҲһͱӣźúøɻ׬Ǯƫа

øͬվԼһߵǰ
ɹ涨˽Ǯծÿȡù֡

Сɫ͸һݣȳĪӻˣԱֻҳͷ

в˵ȥ
һһ 

ǮһֶҪղʮСӺѾǾʹˡ
ûѴɷŵָŹԺķϺСѾͷЦ߰˸ǰв״

ֵҲ붯ˣػԼߵˡ
Ҳˣɿ˾ˣġ

ǷծǮֵֽϣʮʮᣬ

ǲͬ⣬ǲԶھȥ׸ߴδ˺ܴ˰㣿

СĺСһоò̫ԾɽǰѾоʮǮˣԵһͲأֵܿ治٣һŭĿƱԼĴҲ˵׸ʹʱ˷ˣ˵ֻǸͨȨ

ǸϺ꣬ѾͷӵɻæǰȰ͵
ҼɼȽСֵܵǮӸû͵ûжʮˣС˻ǿԵģҰŰһ飬˴Ҷɿ졭

Сĺ۾תһȦҴһ鲼ۣɫЬһ㿴ʲôֱ۾ɨ֥ͷǶ黨էۣ¶Ŀö顭
𱻶ޱޱ޴Ĺ֥֪ԼԹһѡ

۾һתȰͣ
ϵҴֲʶһ˽øǷ˵ǵˣұ˸ҾˣҾһأ۵һ顭

װʮͭǮСĺӻȥԺ˳˼յֱܽһü۵Сӣ
磬ˣǴɵľ˾ǰھ׸Ϊ˾ֱоǴҲǰ˵Ϊɣʳذٻ

ȻԼֱǶԵģСĺŭ
ȸʲôȥˣ

Ǵɺɲһĸף㵱ʱ˵ һǸȳɶòģ

ž һյˤûǰŭ

***
Ҫ˵ˣ»ûأ
Ƿ˵˺ˣʵ
ôǮɶӣ
һֱΪڼˢֽأ˭ô¨ӡ

ˡ
ԭȥֽͷֽҪżǮһզϾͳ⣬
ãؼҽЩǮȥϼ׺͵һˡ
ȥıǮֻͨĸС̯ӶҪʮᣬθһؼҪǮǲׯƹĸⲼһƥ׬ٶ٣Ķˣ˵ûǮƹĻܽǮģ
ֻҪϢһ˾͹ԺٽǮ͹ˣǮͻˣԺǴ׬Ǯ

Ǵɲ֪ɽοǲУһֻ֪ڼˢֽũС֪һɶֻƹ˵ĸӺͽĸÿڷϣҲǿȥԣȼ֮ȴûеģĵ˰ɡ

ϲ֪ǮǽǮÿȥϼǮͱȥ߻û͵͵ֻʣ˵ıǮ
ᣬһЩϴմܹʮᡣ
ķϰǮģһǮǰĸ׽̹
ǮǮͻŮˣͻȥͺϹ졭

ЪˣŶĶֱ˵ֻǮֵǮĲϺĨ˰ӴͭɢҵͷԺӺ˽ǰ
ɣɣţϳĸ׾Ҿ

֥ۿԺڣϲϣɿţﻹ˼ֱ

ŮߣǣС֣
֥ǻȥɣ

ǣŮֻ˼ңֿŵĸ֥ʢ˴˷ŵϣֶһͷֱϣ۵
֥Եȷůůӣ㶳ˡ

ϱСʯͷڿͷϰ˵ţ
ʲôܰѶʮǮֻʣʮ᣿
ϴЩȷ
һϣҲǲ׬Ǯ׬һͱϱˣֻЩǮˡ

ҲȻҲǿǮˣֻһǮ㲻ˣǾȻ 
֥һЦ 
ǮĲԩ

ã㿴Ķǲƴֵڹ֥֪ʱ²ƥЩģԼ֯ĲõׯڼԣҪӲׯеĿ㣡ټϲϾ͸ķװһղסеƣ׬Ǯ

Ůһͨ˵еľϣź֪Ȼ
Ǽ̯ÿζģһûⷽ
ЩʣĲͷŪ˵Ǳûھӣ˭֪˼ٱ˰
ĸվļϴû
˵ߵļУǱƫƧȥʱ˵ӽŸϡ

죬ɰҰ˵ԼҲϱǮҪȥ򣬲ĺ֣ܿɵЩϾͱ˦˳ȥ

ϵձʱļױӶˣѾС϶ûż׶Ӱֱ˦׼ң
ײһ껨ʮǮָׯ˼ҿ𡣡

Ƿϼû֣
֥ɺëëԼϢЩţǷϲƭǮİȻӵıʵڲҹάݻؼһܼ޸ʲô˼ң˵ǼҴ粻ͦ͵壿
Ӳǻ˰ɣ

ɺëëӿеֶסˣֵĿŹ֥





79.  Ʒ   ΪֻԼ֮ԡ

֥ΪֻԼ֮ȴλ, ｹתȦȦ
Ҿ˵Ǳһ㷴ӦҲû, С

ȵȿɣǱ߲̫õģ̥͸ˡ
Ҳֻ֣ϴûڼҷȥˣͦɬģΪɵͷ˭ŵϻˡ

治ҪϱˣⱲӻᱻ˵ġ
ϲ, Ƿ̫˽, ɺһ꣬˳, أҪٽӻһӵѪ

أҲҪ
ʱ׼ĶﴫڽӴ˼룬ȻҲᱻסˡ

˵, ͳȥ, Ҹطɻ, Ҫȥǡ
϶Ӷ˵ԭ򣬶ԶӶϡοǸ̥ӣ˵Լֲ

, Ҫʲô¶ϱĵҲеľȣʱϴҲʶ˼ѣܿ˾, յ˺ѵĻźɺǰ
ȻҲǲ, һڹݿ˸ֽӣǼҵĺֽȥǱߵСƶһصģͺֽȥȥҪ˽꣬ȥҲš
̶ӴȥǱߴֽܾûȥˣȥɡ

ģʮǮŷУ¶ûãֻøǮ˭ǶԼõĳ
һúøɡ

ϻڼ̥Сӹû죬ɺû챻ͻ͸о岻ֻΪ챻ŵģ˭֪ڶǶĵģ˴һ˵Уʱ˵
Ҫһ̧һȥ

ЩԣĵӸţ֪ҵĽӣǵϸŰӻȥ
ϵĸ׾ǸˣӶҪġ

һִ˻˵ûҵˡ

ɲڼңȥˣ
֪ţ˴˵֪

úĵɣ˼ܵȥ
ʲôûֻЩʳֽϰصլˣǿյԺӣ޺ޣȫ˭ûӼʺһƤ۳ģզӼأ

ڵ֪屻ߵСƺǼ¾ݸһˣǱͷ¿϶ڣ̥ƹһӲ̣֪ɺݵģ

***
Ȱϵú˽ŵ̳﷢ţ̷ľ˵Ҫһ²źʹ֥εȵļʼڼﵷԼ֪һī

Ů˵һõī֭üĻţȻ֧ˣ
Ҫô֣

ӰС¯ְ˳Ϊзι֥Щ黯īԡ 

һСһСǴͣŵɰţԱŸ˫Դֻⷨ治ã
ˮͲݵģ˵ã

¶ߺͺڻڵһͱ졣

ٿ㡣
֥ˮĴŸ׼Ӵٶȡ

ۿͺںϺˮ˰ݣֱһˣֻһ

֥뵽Ժϸ۲죬Ǳ߳Ϻͳ˹ϡ棬֥͸ÿֱĨ˵ 

ʵˮͻǷֿģ̫ϸСǺһˡ
Ͽαװ

ĨϺû
´½

֥һС̵ֱǿԼǳǳɫͰˮǣԼһ˵ĸƷ˰ɡ

ûŮ𾪣ݰԼдֵī֭˳˭֪֥ȴǸ
úۣī֭ʡ

˵֥ôҪһúأֻͷú˳

һͨ裬ȵ˰Ůʳ¯īϰֽˢˢҿһ񻭡

Ϊɫҳڲ׸ɣѼϰһ˾ϴһ׼Ъˡ

ֻǽϴʱе㳤޴СʯͷѾᵽ˿ϣᾡ㺢һСʯͷѾᷭˣµµĻʵĺܣŲúӵȥżСʯͷСһѾˣĻǺȵʱЦĿ

ǽиʱշǴͳ϶̨һյ͵ƣ䷿

Ůһ̨ϷǷͰˮ֥һ׳ϴͿʼĸ׺С

ͰˮĨԼһ֥תԴչʾԼˮ
С̣ǿô

һͺġ
ϴյǰ˵

һ⣬Ҳԡ
ҲѧŹ֥ĨһЩķɵĺܣһ쵽ǲڲڵģĨֱϵķˮоرԣĻģ


ͶǺöҲ˵ԼҲĨһ֥ӴϿĽæС˽ȥ
ҲĨ㡣

᲻ճϰ
ָɾû취ԴԼ˿Ժ󣬴˸ľ˵ϸһůǱӵǶûӰ

˯ǰӲһ¡

ҲĨһ֥ûһĨСʯͷһ㣬Сһﰮޱӣ紵еˣǸоСһֿЦСֱ͵ǰĽ־ҪУΪǸͺóԵˡ

ɲܳԣ
æѶӱСʯͷۿĺóԵûˣ조ۡ

ֿܵˣ
֥æСﵽ䣬ĸεôСĺ尡 

ҲˣǶȥ˯ɡ
ϰŮһܵܿ޾ͺĳĨ˰оûôˣ͸ˡ

ϵˮൽһɺСĵѱϵ޻ൽݷŵǰϣ룬͹֥ģʱҹڸɣҹʱ־ܵһˮȡ

֥ȶ͵ƻѾѱӷһһӣ滹һýԼֵ޻̵Ĵӣžͺů͡

ǰӲ˰ŸЩ֣
ôһͶûУ

ô类Ƥ㿴֣ܿˮ𣿡
ѾɽѵĹ֥˵˾䡣

ȵڶϣ֥վӣͿС̺ĸ֪ԼƤҲϴһֶĨһ飬ûŮȰǶĨ˺ԾҲĨһ㣬ʹĨĨ붬ֽֽ֮࣬һسͣ־ͺëڣǰ׽Ĩϣٶ¯濾һǱĨֿɺöˡ

緹ŮЩɵĻֽһһһɫͰԼֽó;ЩʦõĿʯϲһõĶֲȾϣ۸ˣȱûпȾɫô游һСţǵʱӵ㣬ϻ

õֽ䦿˰׸̣ǰ׸ǰ׷ʯҳĸģȾϹԹԵֽɫ

֥ǰʼɫżпҲæµĲƷƽȣҲܵЩУֻбһ⾩Ŵˡ

ȶµı仯ȷֵĻӻ̵ƹΪǰӦ룬ǾͲȡÿʮֱգʮżʣǾԻϰȥˡ

С磬뼸Ǯһ
ġ
ûӻ̵ǹһġ

ҿ
СƾͰһൽ˹̨ϣ
ҪԼ
Ҳÿβö˵ԭЩĸ̫ˣС붼һģһǾԵģҪöķ

жٸ
ʮǵһûء
˭Ǹ˰һƹǰһţ
ҶҪˣ˵㡣
ƹΪ˸ԩͷ˭ڶաա

ˣʯͲŵӣƹĺס
ң⼸ǵһϻܾͱˡ

һ𣿡
ʯ΢΢šüǰֻ׼ÿĸڲȡҪϸɫ붼ˣԼ۸ƫλôࣿ

ǣÿζһÿζȫߣǶʮġʮĶԡ
ƹĲһҵģԼÿõļ۶һֲ

ʯɵĳ˼뵽ľԶسǵ֪Ϣǽˣֲԣ򼸷ƷȥпܣԶ;ȴ㣬ϾԭɲȱӣҲȱǾֻпܣ
̶ˣ

Ůһ̾ڶʹѾóǵ̶ÿ붬ʱŴëأʱҲõˡ

ǵģֻЩ˶ǾʿŮ٣ߡ

ǿд

Ҷ˵ϷĴˡ

Ǿͺã´ջʱСŵ㣬۾

յʯţ˵˾Լķ֣Сġ

СĻҪСģⲻƷԭȱǸЩӻȥֲǡ
һֹʱǿ϶ǹ˰ŸɵģϾʱ׬Ǯˣ˶ųû׬㡣

֥Ĳ²Ҳܶԣֻڵĵؽʵûӣһʼûô࣬ԼؽûӿľͷëˣǲŷֻãδĲϧ߼۹ΪҪŴѩɽ֮ǰء

ʯѣץס׬ǮĻᣬץӣͣӡֽĻȥæ֥ȴԣ
˾˶ڼţŸ죬㻹ǶˢֻֽˣЩﻹҪȥ̻

ǡ
񵶿˿ĵƬÿ϶ҪĥһĥԶŸ죬Ժɱȫ룬ȷ˵ӵǵ룬ϼʱһ̯ǵӸշ£ͱЩɺС̷Χסˣ
Ҫ
Ҫ
Ҫ


ЩС̷ƽʱ붼ʮʮã˭ζһòԾվǺһɤӣ

ҶеĿ
ȿȣҶˣҲ֪ÿҲûٻЩΪǰЩ벻һЩǶˣҶһ֣ľûΣ

һһۣͬˡ
ã
ԣ

֥ܹʮˣʮϸ룬룬Ǿÿ˲ɸղ˺Ҫģ֥΢ЩεЦ
λ岮ܹʮϸ룬룬˾ҪٵĲʣµ

øˣҪĸҡ
ҪĻѽֻôǮһ󣬿һǰٸһɱǮж١
ãһֽǮһֽҪҪȵãҪһẰ˭Ҫ֡

ںǮͳ𷢻֥ڣ
ҪһҪ𣿡

Ҫ
Ա˾֡

ãһ߸Ǯ


ܿ죬ʮûľˣյʮĹǮڼҲۣټ֣»ǰ·ѲʹкٱҲչˣ㿴Ǳ߲ԶߵļλٱͿĳ

Щû뿪󣬸ϼ̯滹Ʒ½ʣ֥Щźĵ
ر࣬һˣɩ¼Ҫ¼㡣

¼̫ˣһѴɽģҪŻȥ

ǾȥɣĶࡣ

Ҳֻˡ
Ḿ̾뿪ˣһ˶Ȳ¼ӣ֥͹һ̶ջˣӦûԶ·ġ

õС̷ǻȥ֣⡣

̶ӰŵִӸ·̷յ˻Щܿͼе˾ǣԱеۺӻ̽ӵһ󶩵
ϸһһ߰һ괺µҪԤʮᡣ






80.     Ҷû뵽

Ҷû뵽ôһ, ֥͵ӻ̴߸߶·ӣϾֻľ֯ë, û뵽ùõǲĶϣӻ볤̴ϸոպãЩһôӻĻá

ӻ̰ϢĺܺãĺɵΪһЩ˵ĶĿǩǶ˵ϷĻѰ˾ең˼Ǯ, ջ˹ȶӻ̡

ȫ˵, ôĵӿһ۵ĸ 
Ҫһʮ, ÿҪٸԽԽ, еѣ
֥, ľϸ, Լٶһһٸһ룬һĥѭ, ĸżпǵͲ㣬СʱҪڼֽϣԼҵļֽ», һֱ²ţȵҲһͷ

û⣬ĥѰ˼ھûؼҰ, ֶټҲֵٶ˵


ԪҾͿˣʱһ
Ҳܻ

һ쿪ٸ˿û⡣
ظ֤

ȴͬ⣬
ǿǸ㻹Ǻһпվƹǣù֥Ķ˵ÿſЩӡ
ˣ˵ĺܣ֥ûԽԲΪۣ׸㹤ǮߵģԼıɵ׬ǮľС

һ𵽵Ļõţڶһͽãһݿţ
һʱɺ͹÷ͬ·˵̷ľӦָ֥ľ棬ʮһڴǱߵ㡣

Ҫʦ׼ʲô׼š
һ˵Щţ֪ôá

û˵̷ָүүĻΪͽ
ĸǽ֥Ǻĵ

⺢ӣ
˲Ӹ˵
ֻҪָʦҶôġ

ĸ׵һƪù֥Դˣı
û˵ʦ

ⲻ

ͷĹ֥۾һתڱϺˮ͵Ц䣬
Сùҿˣ۵˵˵ȥ

ץԼСŹ֥ķ䣬ĸŮȰ
֥ɩҲΪá

֪ǆ˵㣬
֥û⣬ǾóĻţõϣ
Сùãô˭ź򣿡

̫̫ҾͻضԺˣÿɨԺӣҺҾ͸ѧ߻һѧ֯ëأ
˵Цˣ˭ڼʱԼë׸֯ģȥҪѧأ

ǻ治
˵˽һ񣬹֥仯ô󰡣ǰⲻԼİ꣬ھȻܺԼԵ粨ˣȻӵĻˡ

ûԼ˵Ż򿪰ͳһźһ飬
ǶӵţⱾ˵ҪģпնĿд

֥һӣǴԼı࣬ŵò

ţ˼о;վ
֪ѰӣҰ㿴һ׼ֵӣⱾʮҴȥһۣλþѣʱ򡣡

ļٵģ֥Щţ
к˵ʲô𣿡

֪ҡͷ
ֻ˵˻ţɶҲû˵

ʮûգҹүү˸ҿ̵ʦ֪ʱܵÿգҾݶʱɣʱ㵽ӻ̣ǿҾȥƹģһŵġ
ԶԼʱ鷳֥ҲҰʱ˵ˡ

ѾͷȻûаԼŵһλ뿴źЩˣ
һСѧʲô棿廨𣿡

һ񣬹֥ʱô˵
֥˵ϸûоǿ̵ӲӲõоˬ

һС˵Ļ𣿸պͬ͵͵ֻоеգվתȦȦɢɢȡ

Ӳˣæ֥˵û
֥˵ѧ˵Ͷһ


ס˲ӿæͷ֥ԭǡѧ˵̣ÿҶһֵҲѣӦһݵİɡ

ʰʰǰֶһ飬Ѿͷֳܴѧ̻ġ

ʮ͵˾ʱʱ˵İʦȥȫ
̷ʦղͽȻָӦþȫ

̷ʦȻû֥аʦ֮
ǱĺǶϲӦָģһϵҶѣ˿Ҳþܾ߹֥ѵһĴϻۺӣȶԵȤҾָһЩɡ

̷ľʱҲܱһ㶼û˷ʱ䣬ľ֥ϰľŵԼ߳õĹϣִľд֡¡
ѧֿʼ֣ҽսЩ÷
̷ľŹ֥õļƾ͵ͷ⺢ȷʵϻۣǸޡˣ޿϶߿ƾ·ӣλԵȤ

ٽ͸뿪ôʵİʦ̷ľȻǳԷ֥ĺʦĸȭܺĺ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ǵСʦãԺա
̷ľûгȻոŮӺҲûɶõģԼѧȥٿԼඣ

ʱ仹֥ԤƵһ˾Ϳ쵽ʱˣûؾүүֱӳӻ̣ƹүүƨûþ˺
֥

ƹүүˣҳȥһ
ƹĲĳһۣСӰͷĵĻתˡ

볯ƹĹ֣ͷűĳѾͷʲô磿
ִʲôñӣͷأˣ

ͷأ

֥ñӵµ黨קЦеĵ
ͷ٣䡣

ѾͷǻëզأҪҪҸҽûʲô÷Σüͷ

֥ɲ֪ϸ׵ģѾ͸ĸˣжǮóӶ˵ףҪǿ˾ʹþүү˴û˸Լױٺ١

İ·
û֥ͷˡ

Ҫ˵ǶϱĸĻʳǳΪߣһ֣ĵضȴذ

ͻʳŴֽĵضƽλãָǸ߸ߵĶ¥ӣ
λðǮ
һǧᡣ
ĸ˵һǧ׼

֥ųԲΣԼλôǮ
ǹ˼ҵĺӰ
Լٹᣬ̫ˣźĵ
ҼǮ

٣ͷЩɢӸϡ
ĵĵ

쵽Ǯķ𣿹֥ɵĴλʶ˼伲ĹӸһۣ
ûʲôè壿ûɱûֹûбӹɶĿҪǿ򣿡
ǿԼ˦ɡ

оԼȭͷӲˣѾͷĶãǲ룬ԼǮˣԼߵ
С֮ĶȾ֮ʶô

ҸĽͣս֣

ս𣿿Ǯ࣡
¶Ц
ĸײþӪӣʱϾǽǣһʱӣ䶼Ƕ𣬿Ҹ뾩٣ﲼԽԽ࣬ӲôţԹ˸ƹϣ˭һ겻һ꣬ճһˣǰ¾ȻǮӳˡ

׬Ǯܰ
֥ŵ̫̫Ǻɲһ
ĸǰһĴˣ߻ױ磬βӻǮ
֥û˰Լĸ׳ɣЦһ仨

ҿ˱ǿǮҼò˵Ĳϻùأƹ˵ʲô˼Ǯǿ˦Ȼѹ˿ⷿĸҲ̫
ͷһϲֻͨǿ˱ϵֶǶϵġ

׬׬ǮһͲͨ վĽֽǣ֥ѰܱߵһָۣŶĲݣ
ߣȲ裬ȥ˵

ʱ²ݾ¥Ǻĺȥλúã˲٣֥ź˸ܿżӵλãҲǺһ

֥ñŵԱ߿ŵλϣñѹļСӣҲƤɰ˿ûûͺ

֪˾Լͷˣָ֥Ŵϵˣ
㿴йʡ
ָǳżӵĿ˵
㿴Щսӵ˿ɲ٣ҿֳĸ٣ǵС˵ӾͿܲġ

͹СģĲˡ
һСѲյڵǰСװѲĩֵ˲յС˺̵ˮ

С뿪ŵ
ǲȥʱ򲼵˺ܶ࣬ƹ˵ҼûֱӵĹЩϽ۱ȱҹйĿйǮȵȣǰļĲѹĶԿ׬ġ

֥˼ū˰ɣǲ֪ūԼ⣿
游ĸأҲھ𣿡

ڣǶ¸Ҵסһ𣬾żס죬סߡ

ƹ˭ҵģ

ҵҵġ
ˣ֥ס⣬
׼ʲô

أ̤ʵ˵ũıЩֵ̼ĸɾ
⻰˵ģ֥иоɨ䵽˰ùƤ
ʱһǧᣬĶһ⣬һʯӣһʯʮᣬʮĹᣬһʮĹģ߲һ

֥ĺûˣĵͷ
ǵģҲġ

ʮˣʱ۶֪𣿡

ĸʱԺӶܱˣӺһԺӹٹᡣ
֥ĿڣʵԼզûʱ򰡣
ٹˣʮ˰˰ٹᣬǾĵأ

ҲЩǳ͢һֱ⸳˰õҲǷ
Щ׹֥Ҫ˵ʲôˣ
Ժķۻ𣿡

⻰֥ɲ˵ʼ練ʵ
²ųʮ꣬˵أ

ĬԼҵԽתͣ˾ᣬ
ĲҪ

򣬿֪֮
֥Щᣬ̾˿ 
ûǮһ棬Ҳҽ㻹ɣҪͻƹĺ˷ضǸıأ㿴ΧƷӣнӡӣвݣо¥ǹǳֵĵط˵ᶼġ

һȥĸ
Ӹǲá

˲ݣһֱѹ֥͵լſڣվſЩᣬ үүҰԺҿ𣿡
оͳѾͷ˵ʱǹر죬Ŷһ춼ˡ

Һ̷ʦԼÿʮȥѧ̣һȥһȥֽЩʱҡ
֥󷽷˵

լ
ֻ̫̫ͶòͣҲûʳԵĹأ̫̫⼸鲻̫ãûһ˿Ц⣬͹˵ԼķֶĸףĽоݣĸ׸񣬱Ҳûö⣬ɴ
˵еӽˣ⻹ǻƹĶ㣬û⾫ӡ
ҪһһˣǺķѾ
óԸ˸Ů˼ŮϣСŮų£ѧÿգҲʡҹﾫʢʲôɨһƬ

ԼԺӣŮҡ˯㣬ͿڴͷԼٵĽŲ̫̫æ䡣

ߵӣϴЩϲɫ߸
̫̫ûסǸޡ

̫̫ϵĽһɨգüѸٱЦüǳֻµۻĲǷľŴƫֺø棬Ц̫̫ʱЩֻȴЦˣѾˣλỬ̥ʱŴ˻޵滨꣬ƫ۾˶
һ˺ҶүҪΪū

ŹȳǱܿ˫۾ֻıİ
ﶼԼˣܼӺ㣬⺢ӺԵǳˣúӣ򲻿²

·ʶԼе£ĺ⣬Ŵ˻﷢Ŷ
үҺ¡

Ī£㡭





81.  ֵ   Ŵ˵ڶ˳

Ŵ˵ڶ˳ֱӻ˼, ̫̫ûҹΪɶûؼңֹ, ̫̫ȴ·ûֻܱŮЦŵ
ӱඣ

̫̫ӻˡ
ڷɣ
̫̫ķԸŮԱߵ, ǰ๫ĸ첲, ʵ
ү, Ҫ

Ŵҡͷ
, պȶͷڶκ, Ե嵭ЩЪϢ

Ǹﲻס, շת˯Ҽ￪ӵͬ˺ö࣬ʱŸڼҾ˵Լľ
, ĸ׷ղӿǮҪչãﻹô鶼Ҫ, Ȼ׬ǮֲӪȥոʡġ

Ŵ˲ɫһŹ, 
Ǿǰ¿ǮôҲ׬Ǯǵɶ˼

˵ˣ
ǰģۼһΪʱǩԼûǣΧҲԼãͲˣҽȥΧˣġ

̫̫˹ĺżûп๫һۣЩ²˵Ϊ˺ǰÿҵ̫̫ľģһ̥ȷʵֵˣʱдһ˿ǸŮ˭ǱǸЫĳԼȴҶԼ֣Ǿ㲻ʱҲ壬ǶϲҲģ˵ľһͻж£үģǾŰɣ˲ˣһûûֵҶҪԼ֡

ǼĲô죿ƹĲ»ԣ
Ŵ˲ӵ󣬾֥ԣ׬Ǯ

ЩӺ²һʱ¹Աٺ»ռ˺ܴһ֣˶зݶټö˼Ⲽ϶òˣټ˶øʱ£̫̫һҲӣ͵ֿһµĲϣҲʡ٣вϲĹĻɫҲܱ˳

ЩĲд˶ЩǿӾĹʽ

ÿµĲϻҲжƷ͵ƹƷȥʾ̫̫̫̫ӺԺӾܿһ۹Ůˣ˳رĲʱĻϣЩʱ˵Ĳ϶ģЩĲÿ¶Ҫ࣬ƹ˾ֻһʱ̫ˡ

ôƹģҪǿƹˣҶʻܾòԡ
Щߺߵĵ

ȿȡ
̫̫һڼ˳죬ס̵ǣ˾䣬
ô³ç⼸ôġ

ӵ³ç˸׵ߣŴЭˣ
˰ˣԺҲֵܵģȻö⣬ɡ

ȴ˵ǲӵ⻹ŴȷֵģʱǴƷ̶ѧʿÿ糯޸ҲãİŲ鿴˱ⶼһĿȻϵЩ鷳˲ԣΪƹԼˣûţôô

ƹֱӹǰ
壬ԺҲˣѼ˰ᵽͱģǮһԺӡ

ƹһŷһСԺӣʱֵٹᣬ̰īãʱÿӯʮᣬԼʮỹ࣬Ӿһʼʵģ˿ڱһƹľһ˽̫̫

ŹųŷȥӣĳʱſڱѾ磬һɫ£Цڵƣۣ
Ժ𣿡
***

֥ɲ֪żҵЩ£ھүүѾ˵һ̶ɵõźؼҸǵĸ׺С̵ʹļף
˵˺զôأ̫̫̫۹ˣɷ״Ԫʮ귭屶

ϽڿϻĽζ˺զоζ

ʲôأԵɡ
˵׼ˣˣоһʱ䶼ϴʰˡ

ջ𡣡
ڿͷĳϵĹһţҲ˿

ָ֥СʯͷզֵԼ

Ϊԭݾ͵˿ⷿǼֽӡˢֽᵽݣһС¯Ҳûô䡣

Ǳ߿ӱƹǶ᷿һ¯ʯ̿˶ʯ̿ļ۸һ֥¯ȴһѹûС 

ڼȿö̫̫źСʯͷŮţźӹ
ȿ˴һҪһʹɩһ⺢Ӷиůݿ̫Ҫˡ

ڲǣΪȿ˶ˣ⼸˳ʳˣҼﶼԣˣ֧Ǯ𣬶Χ׺ӼȸԼ֧

ֳϹ˾ˣ
곤ģӵģĶ꿪Ժ˵

׺ӺӷֿؼĿȥѹأȵϺ٣֧ϿһӰ춼ůèȴˣе˼ҽĥĻһΧڿϸɵ𾢵ĺܣȥôĺܡ

֥ǻֽɫԽԽĵˣżɫһҲͦõģǲ֪ʱò

㣬㿴𣿡
ëëԼǰëʰԼϺɫø㿴һۡ

ԣһš
֥ɨһۺԼ¸ɫĳݸëëһһͼϣŻ裬ͨĻֽܿ͸ˣ
ëëµְѸ˵ѹͷʯ£ǴСֽģֽġ

֨ѽһˣһİϵֽ죬ɴŷＷ˽ٻͷŹϣ
֥ëë

壬㲻ڼҰֽ𣿡
ëëֵʵͷ߶ˣѾֽܹӣּҺүүÿˢһֽҪںСŵͼɣϵĻˢֽٶȻһЩæʱôųˡ

Ҹ첲еˣϢһᣬ˳

ɶ
̧֥ͷ

˸£ȥ˵˵
Ϊԭڼֹ⺢ӲȦڼ뵱ҲǸϹмܹسǵģֵܶȥиϼֽ

үүǸӵģ֥һӦȻŲǣ
ȥվǱߵļ
е˰ɣҫӶ𣿹֥֪үүԺľˡ

ʵվǱߵļвԼģׯΧɢмҰֻǹ֥Լ֪Լ£׵ȽŲãЩҰǾʹûȥϹһϸ̯ӣܲԴġ

ǣҵ˵Ǳ߻ΪȥΧЩҰôȥǵ뷨ҪǶͬĻҪ׼

ǵǲÿȥһЩ˵ù·Ǯˡ
Ļ֥õǿԡ

һȥҵ˵ҲҪȥϼ
ëëԼɫסˡ

һ²úõӡˢİֱֽ֥ӵ˵
үүȥֽ飬Ҽ嵽¶ȥΧļֽǼҵĻֽôԼҲ˵㡣

ã
ѲŲúõһֽѹ˵Աߣкɣ
߰ɡ

һܶ׬Ǯ۾
ϼӡˢĻֽɣǲǻû

Ǳ߶ҲëëźʹڽϾˣһǰһլ˴ɴͷͬˣ
⻭ֽ׼Ǯ

ͼӶͼҷھǶʮһţҸʮġ

۸Ҳʣµÿ͹һţĵȥֽʱһЩԺٿֺӡЩ
ɸѡһҽļУѡ÷ҽļУС̽һ

ܿ죬¾͵ˣӡˢõĻֽɫûɫĴװ˳˼֥
ÿÿӡһЩĺãëëɶӦɫʲô¾Ÿǡ

̯λǰһ˿ɵϣˢչҵ̯ߵϣмϹ˴µĺɫֽӵķֽΪĳУ·λ򣬿žͺֵ֡

ǸŮ
ȥҼ˵ϰ̯һ۵

ţӵĶ֪Լţ˿õˣ벻÷ȴôǡôС˵ǸŮֽ̯к
ֵܣпյȱ衣

»ϴЩǿţ׳뿪͵ɵ˹ǹŵļֽĴ
ţϴݣ

Ҵ󲮡
ˣ֥ϺЦ 
ţǵտɺ

˵ͷЩȻ˽вˮﻥͨϢǸŮҲȻ˸ǣеӶûɶ仯ЩСȴһ˵ˣ˶ű˵Ǯ벻Ͷ

ҵȥˡṫî󣬺˾˸к͵˼ϣԶͿ̯ӣЩ̿Ц߹
֥̯Ӷ˼һˣ

𣿡
֥ϲ̧ͷһȦЩ
ҪľЧ 

СһҵʧЦ󲽽̯棬
磬ûҰæĵط

òá
ĶðڳĶڳˣô༯ʰԽԽĵˡ

ҵŹվһ뿪ˣһ̯Ӿӭ˿ˣ򵥵֧ŵ̯λϰһֽԱǼĺɫֽɵıӣǼֽƷֶһⱾԹġͼΪִССĸл飬˭һȴͼϲּֽƷ

֥λֽܼļ۸һƷ˿ͻȤ
Сӣ˵ʮԴ˫ϲһܷҿһأ





82.  ϲ   ǰ֮

ǰ֮, ǿϲӵģ˼ǺϲõƷ, ԳϲΪĺֽǾ洫ˢֽգԾׯĺֽжţҲʶƹֽѾ˺;ܾ

˭֪ȥ꿪ʼ½˵Լδļֽƣе˼һרҪϲһ, ֻȥѰ, ǮȻˣЩֽԺ֮, ֱԵüЩֽԼ󶼼, λ̯˼ûֽ, оʧ, Ȥ

Ҫ֥΢΢һ㶣˳˵ϰˣ, ƷУֽĻֲռط꼯ôļȻʹˡ

֥һͼ, һҳһҳСĵİļֽһƴϲи«״Ļ, ְֻǺ«мһקǺ«һչϲֲΡΡĵм䣬
һϲԹڽĵطҲԶһЩϡ
ʵѾˣȥģԭܼ򵥣ⶫһǼֽ»ܿ챻ѧȥǶһԼûдı£ƾɶ˵Ӹ׬ǮĻᣬǵһθ˿ء

˭˸Уһǰһ
Ǯ


ֱ֥Ӿܽ˵Ǯһգ׼Żؼв

ûнľٶֱӶ
ǿׯģ

ǵġ
Ҳվ
ʴǣ

ʲôˣ
ǼҸ

ɣ㸸׽ʶʮǰͺһֶˡ
ֶеģ֥һΣΪù˿ⲻʶĶﺰ⻹ˣ

ȻδӸλ֣˹̬ȣ
壬

ɵ̯棬ӹݹСҿżɽ
ҼˢֽǺֽıǮ϶ͣһ

뽲

֥Ҳתţ֪ⳤǡ

ҹļֽΪĲãֻһһŵ̫СˣҲױѧȥԼȴ׬Ǯ
бһ˵Ȼ˵ĿµͷЦ
ȷʵû취Ҳֻһ˫֣

֥˼Ŀλүүĺףһô

Ҹֶ⣬
λүү¶һ΢Ц¶ڴҲûӣֱԵ
ʦרֽ»ӺҼɵĸͬߴ࣬ʮұͼۣǺǿԳں

ⷨ֥̾
һûڼֽϷ˼Ǿһŵ̫ˣүүûԼûû·ȥϼĵһ׵˶𣬶·߲ͨ͸ɴֻЩʽƷϹʵ»̯Ӵǰӻ̶ˡ

ںˣˣ֥үүĺףɢӵĹâ

ַʽ͸Լƣĳɹ飬¾Ӧˣ
˷ã֪ܷСֶǰȥһۡ

ʱ̯
ʱ
ҵڡҶڣֱӵҡ
ˬĶʱλþ͸ˡ

֥˸ߣŸ׳ȵɫСʵ
˼أ

˴һӺΪˣүүδҲ֪˵Ǽ١
ʼϲ󣬾֮ľ֥ͦοģ
˵үү֣ʶģȷʵҲֽͼֽǾųƭӣүүʱ䲻ɡ

ᵭ˶٣ŵһ֥Ҳߺߺȣһ¹ĸϼģҪֽ

ֽǸջ̯ؾ˾˼ҳԹ緹㱾ǮƷϵÿٹд˱۵֥ſڣ
ҾҪ볤ں⿿Щɲ㿴

ŮָͷԼ˵ףƵƵͷֱŮüƺŮӻ̣ƹ˵ϲӣɣû͸һͨϢ

ҪСֺϲµӣŲȷʵ׬ǮֻϲȴףǸĴҲǸ޵ģϲļһӦȫոģ͹ý˽ýã˾ĻޣˢֽǼҺ׼ңֽǲˣֽһĹǮһɵպҪģ˶࣬ҲʱȣϲЩ˶ܸһȡ

˵ףǣ¿˵ЩԶȽ߹ȥ̫ˣ֥ڳźԽԽС
ӻ̵ư⣬Ǹ鱨ռվɣһ˸ӴŵϲӶ֪ô

¿ھ˴Ȧ֥˸߸ߵڳǽͳǽѲߵʿһʱ˼ЩɢҪҪʾүүʮսˡ

¿ͣӻǰ¿˩˩ʯϣ֥˳ǿӣ˴ֻ֣һ㣬ȴǳſͣһΡ

֥
һĴŮ֥æϣһĿĺʹգ˺ü۲Ӧʵû뵽ʱܰϲ˵ģϴĴССĺͺǽļϴŽֻ֣ɨһ۾Ϳͼͺų֣̈ǰмѯʲô

ƹֺ϶Цӹ̨߳Ժķ˸롯ƣ
ֵܣǶÿգ

ԺԿտ᷿Žգһ򵥵Щľͼʯ̿ķ䣬Źֱ֥һм˵˵
˫ϲûµˣЩڱҶ

˫ϲĪ˵ĸó֣
֥еĲ׽һЩϢ 

￴˱˼ȴڣʱҲõˣƹ˵
ңҴɵˡ

æ˱ӭ˳ֱʵ
ֶȻһˣǾԸ֪ǼǮ˵ף

壬ҵıۡ
ԼǱƷóְԼдõı۵һƸ
СֶУ㿴һ¡

˶֪Щʽɸ߼˼ͼ۶ȣҲûѹֻۣ΢Ķ˼ͷ
֪ôҪ

ÿаţʮžҪ»
ϰԼҪʽ򵥽һ
⡮ӡԧ赺ϡԢͼҲˣÿ¶ܳţǳκȷŸֶÿѡӸͻб䶯һ㡣
ͼǳ֣˭붵תռ˼ҵıƵģȻϲ⣬Ҳʹȥˣǵ
壬Ȼǳúͼ̫ˣҼȻסˣ򵥵ĺ˫ϲܷһָҡ

һҴɶԼжĲٰҪ֪㻨η࣬򵥵ĺֶõģŹҰռȢҲԽԽųɫױϲ֣ļ۸Լֽȥ㡣
ͼǴ߽ʣ¼ćҶȫգֶ򵥵ćмĸ˳겻ϣǮѾѹļͣġ

˵ĵҲٶģû˵ԼһҪתʵ
֪ܷ򵥵ĺϲָһۣ





83.  гӦ   ӻ

˫ϲֵżȻΪ֮, һϲֵļֽڵһżȻ˷ϲһȳԢҲã˫ϲ־, ΪϲֵԣֽǷһʽׯ

ſСС˫ϲԼһ˫ϲֽǰչ
壬ҿΣ

һд˫ϲ֣򵥵κλƵ׺ɻǵһμּֽֽȻīչֳķ, ȴǹϲҪ¶, Խ¾Ϳֱۣûκԥͬ, 
ȴǺ֣Сֳߴȸһš

żֽԼ
, ˵, Ժʽṩ, 㲻ٽˡ

ԣ
ûɶԥӦϻѾй̶֣䲻ֳȥӰȶȦӣǹǮһһ, ׬Ǯ·ԽԽ࣬Ļ˼Ҹɵģʱ䳤Щ˻ıɻ·, ҲΪԼһһ𣬳ӵģƷԽԽ, ѾֽŲѰֵģϲӰԼںò£ס֡

Ԫڿʼ
ܴò׼ˣԺ໹٣Ҫλĳˡ

ֶ
ɺס 
ǰ׵˼Ҳ٣ֽһ궼ûɶ»ˣܲȳʽӦһ¡
Ŀģ³׵˼Һܶ࣬ڵ»


ӣ
ǰȫҪĻֽʵûա

ӶҰһţֻҪͼҪһţԺͼҲֶ
Ǹ׼ˣÿһ׬ǮĻᶼŹ翴˼ҵĻֽʱ˵ȴ˼ҵæһ

ķڻֽӦ
Կ˲˵һŵȰӦء

ӻ̣̫Ѿֻʣ˰˾˾˼Ҿֻʣյˣ󣬶ޱޱ˵ҪʱԸ£
磬ֳɵӣҪҪ

ޱޱó壬ǰСԭ򣬹֥ûʲôͬԴ֮ޱޱõĴģ廨ӲžĻԼģʱ´ľƷġʩ߸鶯ɫʣޱޱġ̫鷳ġǲɫҲĺܡ

ԭһǱü̳𣿹֥ĸ̾˵󣬶ޱޱһ滭Ůֻһ̴ʦϰΣʱһΪ׾ݣ񲻷æԼ̶Ůʶ֣ȵ˴ºŰѶ͵Ժ飬ʱ´ٹ˼ҵСδǰѧ黭ǰ벻̣ŮȻл滭츳ͬŵƼѰ˸Ů
ޱޱĹȦӴʱſʼŮżŮǼдЩͬСԭγһµȦӣ⽻ύƷֽԼʱе֯ë¡

ޱޱϲֽÿļֽ涼Ʒ粻»ˣʱԼ˼µġ

ͷޱޱܻԼķ˸ֽӹִŵŷǹ֥ģֽӶ࣬Ͱļ˳ʱ˳˱üɵĶޱޱ̫ϲֽˣİֽȦһƣļŶ۵ļֽ˳֥һ򿪾Ц
ãǰʱǲǻĶʯ񣿡


ɲޱޱ̾˿
֪ߣ֥Ҳ

ʯΪԢòīϲլĸ˸ϲʱСӻ嶼ٲԢӶรļֽһͬˣһǹ֥ģͱúģݵӰϷжž֥Сӣ
ϲ

ΪѵĿԼҹŮһۣϱû˵Ůǲ֪̫ˣֽɹٵñͷͷǳĺһ˫ϲ֣ÿǺÿ̫˵ɡ
Ůƣε
аɣ˼ҲҪĻһͺá

ƷǶӶรˣžͷɣԼģʮ󣬸һžͰڵӻˢԾʿõ֪


ԺͿغײľ󳼡

ոæµճĴ֮նʮˣظ¶æţȴŲᣬҳ

̫ʦϣ߽ĨӣԼСӲɫ

ڻ˾ǣѧ۶ɫ紵ɹ˹ͭɫϴҹ꡵˸ͦΣȵվԼǰѹļӲĵ
Ѿ߿ƾ֮·Ҳ㣬ȳɼҺҵֶӴڼĸװѡһź 

õģס
Ӧˣ
ֻҵ±ҪԼͷС

ϴû𣿡
̲סۣ
ʹ뷨㲻һ㲻ɣԼ˵һ䶼Ͼߡ

ʱȴǸӶִӪһȴԴӾȤ
ܡιʥϼȻпƾ٣ҪιҪƾ볯

һͻƫƫĸڸ˵£˺ܶǾѧˡ

ԹŻ¶ǡ
һֱΪƿѰʦԴʱֿʼϵص

ѧοһϼ»ص
ףǴ뷨ҲҼꡭ

æȰš
ףܳ;糾ͣϢһᣬǻ»ǿƾٶӳΣ

ϵƣ̬Ϊˣ
˰ˣȥЪŰɡ

С󣬸յԺɿ½ǣͿŴֶһϲɫĽԺӣ 
С壬Ҿ֪㲻ҵϲƵģ

ȴֶСһֶӵֵܣǰһȭЦ
ᱻ߶һӣ̫ˣ

С壬·õΣûҪʲô
ָʰһµԺӻͦģ⣬·Ĳϻ˺ö˼

Ҳ뾩ɣλô໨
ֿĿݻһ·伲һΡ

ϰһֽǰֻżֽ˵ۣ
ʲô뷿ֵ֮ͼθϣɺͳ

ŴͣСȥѧЩʲôԼΪϲأżֽĶ֪⻹ԼӺò׸Ѱأ
***
ֺᰡ
ޱޱ֥ͬˣʵ̫ˣΪʽأ˭үүԼ̯ϴ߻ˣľүүһӶ˼ֽޱޱ⻭ͼۻˡ

ֻǷպܿûˣ˶࣬ҲˣǮûȴɢˡ

Ҳʼˣļ۸ȥ꽵һ࣬ 
ʮģ
ǿ˺ǳԾõϸϸһ
ǵӡˢģ


ûɶڵģ֥ʹĳˣ
һŻ̫ʱˣʡһʱ䣬ѼǮиˡ

Сӵ˵ĺܣõӡˢ᲻Ĳϣ

µ𣿹֥Ŵ˵Ŵ磬ĪǸͬУȴһ㶼
壬涼ǰḷ̌ɫȾɰаƣ˵Ҫĳ飬岻ӦԼĳϲ𣿡

ǰĿЩȻ 
û۶٣

Ҫţ
һȸʮš
롣
֥ÿӰѴͻõ档

ܿ죬ͽ̷ľӵ̵»ƣ
Լ̵ĵӡˢͼЦã
Ǹ֮Ҫ̳˵
ҪôģŪ»

¶ʮŮ˼ң߼ϳµ񻭣ֻͼģʮһȴĺܺȴǲ֪ˡ

¿սׯ궬жͯںͬﱼܣȴΪëëԭ򣬸ë޵ĺڴ˳ɹ̫

󲮣ǻ
ͯǱ¿Χ

֥ˣ֪𣿡







84.     ô

ôأ

ҵҲù, ûӣ¹ȥ, ǴɵϢҶϴǱֱ˵ŮֻҪǾֻϱǾԲҪˡ

ܹǼ޳ȥĹŮиɩͲڿ죬ʱ䳤˭ɫҺŸѾ, һ˿žʹС, ɩ߹Ķ
ļ, ǻȥ˭Ҹ㲻ɣĸҽöײ, ɻ, ͻ˵һ˵, ˾Ҫ塭

ϵĸҲоǵȲǱˣҼ¶ûţֻԼȵͷ

¶ʮ壬ϱ¿δ͵͵ͻԼļ, ѡķǳã˵ӣ⼸նڼ, οɹͳȥ˹ݣ˿ǰͭϴЩֳɵĳʳͽš

ȥϼ, Ŀˣ˶ʮ죬ҴиͯǱ֧˸̯ӿʼд˺ܶûĶ˳һš

ϴС߾ڼſţӷֳȥ󣬸տʼʧһӣûͷּ֣Һð
ɻˣǳԵҲٰ

ϱϱǰţϱһڰĶˣôȢϱŸ

ûйŮӾ͵Ůʹһģ⣬ϴջܸɣ˵ģ
ɹŮȻЩ֧ʹˣߺӣ㼸嶼ڿˣǳԺǺܺõģ֮⼸ϱǸմ˹ġ
֥Ŀĸףܷô㣬ԼѰίʵס

ǿŮ˼СԴ
㻹СԺɼҹӾ֪ˣ

ԽԽóˣɰոϴ·ҪǿɣԼǶԼȥӲҪ̫أӸԺˡ

ɵھ˵֪ģγס

֥һҾ£Ͼҡͷ
үүɶڼңȫ֪أƵүүǻд㡣

ׯ˺ڵſϷɼҴŽţѾСÿȥھˮʱǴŽգ̴һʱð̣ǴӲˣҶڲ²ǲ

ķչ˵Ԥϡ

¶ʮˣɱģһ˶ȥˡ

ɱּң϶˰ŹǺһͷ 
µÿհҰŹǺⶼһ֣ͷúʰʰȻɻá
ҲûҲûǮүھͰŹǺ廨⣬ǳëȹȻҲ˵ǴҪġ

ʱũ帾˳ȥûŵϰߣϰѴһȥ˶ܼңǣС߻ؼҲûȥֱʼ𣬽˵Ǹϰ켯Է򵥵ģ׷ϣյˮɻͷ

͹磬֥ûȥϼˮ˼ңҪرʳ

һ̺ŹǶ֥ƿųԺһɤӣ
ඣ
ۣ
ȴȻļٵѹȥ֥Χȹ˲ý⣬ᡯľʹܳԺӣҺܵģȵſڣ֥ͺëëˣ
û
ʵҡͷ

Ҷؼҿûж
ĳ˵

ɱǧģɥĵ@##
֥ϤĿ޺˲õԤУүүܣžͿԺϱɷſ޵ͼ˶Ժ鿴š

ǸϼǮøȰǮȥүү⣬ʣµľ׼û˭֪һžͷӱ˿ˣǮζûˡ
ɱܾߵ֥˵֥ͷ϶ðˣæСӹţ
ǲǳûţ

С֥߱˿ϻЩҺͺ£
ǵģϾͳſɱģҲûݣǻŷǮ͵ˣôãˡ

ǱѾԺʻˣ
Ӻأϸȥˣ
ǴĻӣļҶ˼ǣһһ׼ֻǽ첻׼ˣ
£ǽɽȥˣ
ھӰ֤ˣ
ȥɽȥˣҿǱӴ߻ġ
Ҳ͵治˼͵Ǯȥ͵ǮǾסȥˡ

ʵ
û˿˽壿
Ҷҡͷⶼ¶ʮˣи߶İ˽ӡ

ôûˣ֥һԺԽԽˣëë
ȥҿһۡ

ûʾ͸ųţ֥ǣСߵߵЩɺëëӦ뵽ʲôǰߵķɿ졣

ҹֻ֥ǵһλȥɣƿڵľţԺյĵ﷢ţëëﺰһɤӣ

ûӦëëͿ첽ܵǰľš֨һ˿
~~
һаѹ֥ŵĲͷܣѾ˹ȥ漴ŵܣ
˰

ëë֥ܵߣµĴ£
㣬ööѪǲˣ

֥ݵϵӰ͵ϵѪͷŬѹס˼Уе㷢İοСõܣ
ģֻεˡ

ˡ
ɴżǳ˽ͷǰԱϢһɣ
ţ

æְ˽ŵİѷ̧˴ϣܿϺ͵ˣһͨæϵһѪ±ȴûѡ
ⲻУȥҸ򡭡
ֱȥҩӰɣһһȥҪܶ๦ġ

ʱɵҵģսͱֱͣԺ⣬ԼҶûأɱŷɡɡɶһ˳

Ҳȥ
ҪŲ޲֣ȴԷϵĺ޸ˡ

ס
Ҹ¿ͶѾһ𡭡

ɵĻĽȥģ¾ͷˣȻǣ¿ϰСɩһͣ
ɩӽˣ
˳ſһӲҪܾźӡ

Ǳˣµÿ䶼Ѱ˸飬
Сݲˡ
뵽ϵĲ״͵ǮƵС͵Ҷµ˭ˣôĺڴΧһѣ
һСѾͷܻܶԶ˵òĸԼҲúңץ˾ȥ١

ҹŻؼңϸںëë϶ץѪӡӣ·Ҳ˺˼ӣ
ӻȥϢɡ
ϰ˯ŵӿϱݸϣëëҲ۾֥Ƕ˼ϣͳŲԺܻ˿ϡ

ˮɤӣŮ˲Ž˽ľ
Ѿˣ˵С͵İܱˣʱСƵˣʱιȥˣûˣүүʮǮӣ嵱дұ⣬ǮͬˣԺлŮ޸ɡ


һԤУϵŮ˲ûоøˣ̾˿ֿɺ޵ķϣ°뱲ô찡

ʵļ޴ˣ
ϸ̾
ֻͨׯСӣүүũЩȴҲǿ׬ǮģӦҸʹ˵ģЩǮãȴҵ֡

˵Ĳû˺Ҳģûþͽ˾һھ̵ֵ̼ң֥ԼѾźţڹĺòã˽ϵЬֻԼ֪ˡ

ϸׯС˺ܴӰܽ˵ĶЩСӣѪĸ˺ܾõجΣһǰսţôĽɣһֻʣͬ飬ƾһ֮ıׯСӵżۣ֥۹۲죬ԺܾԼûڴƯСӽˡ

Ŀܵշת࣬׼ǮʱСһ͵һһǮ
ʮᣬļǵаʮᣬô죿ǰֽɶҪǮġ
ʮڣһϱһʮᣬһӶô࣬
Ҫ룬ɶɶ˼ңǶúõģǮҲûȫ

ж٣ֽһһһ굽˺զ죿
ĽģÿȰĽǮǮҪǮģӲ¡

˵껹ҪȥѧֽϻƵֽԵ׵ˣżôһӦûġ

ô˵ϵ˺ܶ࣬һҹ˯ĺܲȣһľһһŶû

֥źСβͣ
̻û𣿡

Ѿ´ˣܲó֣Сץû
Ҳ
˵Ҳ֣ô죬Сӵȥ

ҪСôˣ
֥̾
ûмʱô򵽵Ҳȫ֪֪Ҵǲ֪̰ˣҹǮ׷ˣҲҪץˡ
ʱûϢղҪ̫װοСǲרŸŻСݲŰ߶֥ûʱСǱѹɴǸ˰

֥Ǻ׼ôһ˵ͳײϣˣɻһͨȰοǲ˴룬Ҳ֪ģ
***
ݵĴ½ʼˣʱũеһеĵȴֻһ磬쾩ǸЩũͲףȴպС

ÿն˳ӣΧӰչٱ֪ͨӸϵϣеص˼ŵȥ죬ÿĶȫѣĶϵĳ軨Ǯ򣬶˵ĺֻ޴

Ϊũĵֻռ˾صңЩѵնˡ
Ķصģȴûõҵĵض˶СϾõɽϡ

ȥﶬɽͷӱ˽һ룬ȴַһƬƬ

ׯĿȫɽæµеһɽͷеɽդеĴӺӱ߿һˮˮ 
Ϸ类ֲֿ֪ܻ֡

ӶҶҲ죬ӭո߷壬Ҫʼ׼

ǽ껹ľͷӣٵһȡ
ľֺú̸̸ǮȣͬʹϵĬĹжأгʱΪ

Ҳд⣬̰ͨ
÷˵ǣľȣ׼ţܵĶٿʼ

֥Ǹ̤ʵȵӣ̸еðУ̻ץȲĿǰĽ׶ΣͷļץˣǲԴˣڵ뷨Ҳȴ
Լ˵ھ͵ֺгˡ

˵ӣȵ죬ǽһƬյϲʱ֥ڵȵԼӡ






85.     ȴ˵Ǻö˲

ȴ˵Ǻö˲ëһڸԵµĶľϲ

Եµû뵽ëһ͸Լ׬ǧͭǮ, ⻹ֻǾǸسǻ㼯ģȻͶ, ҲǸջرŶ೤ʱ䣿

о׬Ǯ·Ϊ䶨£Ϸһͳרѧϰι֮ĸԭ˼ͬСңǮ, ˶˾˽, ΪұҪ֤Ĳù񰲡

ΡԺһֱڳ͢ռ˹ܴԴ, ëܺȣЩٻŵ˿֯ܿ, ԺëС϶, ëξӪܱأ

ëۿɼΣȽ, ʾзӵˣʯʯҶǳ͢ɽɣҲڿɿԴԵµ۷ǳ, ߴԴְ󼸴νݣ϶ַϵþ׸ȫϡ

ߴ˺Žϣ, һȥ֮󣬹֥ͿЦ
үү, Ҹ㲻Ĺʣ

Ϊʣ
ߴЩʵ

ڷϷҸŷḻľԲʱǽʡ

ߴźӵͷ
õǡ˵ʵڵģҶʵûףܸоһҾ˵

֥΢ЦҲܸʹɣҸ׷Ѿ˽ۺ̫˰ɣǹĵ
˵Щֹּ̼һǵļʾͻʮȥۣµķӻвʵĵطָû뵽ҸҲôı¡

ߴЦЩ΢ΣԼʱ䲻һܾò̤ʵղʲô·ӣ˼ת

Եµ۶Դʱʵʳǳ⣬ĸ˵Ϸġʡʱ͵ͷ
ԺǷϷҲ׬ǮˣЩȨֻٺ»ҪԼ˲ԭ򼴿ɡ

ġʡÿ¶Ҫȥһ˷Ϸ·æµʱҪˣķҪѰѹؿǷá

տʼҵʳ֣쵽ʵ˼Ҷֿ˻ҷ׷ϴҪϣΪٸйģϵĹɴ棬ĴպյµĹģ
˭ţҲȥϣһҪĶ˵Ǵӱȥ͵ȲǵʱǮţ˷ϷֱӾװ

ϵķӳǷϻ񣬽ַǳʵãղһˣõӴȥ˫󹦷

˴ľ飬ոʱϼҼһҪĶصķϣһʮģһĶʮʣĶһǮոʳõͭǮһǮ˸ˣǮ˸ˡ

ⰴʮӣһķ϶ſڹ

ˣսһǧᡣ
ӺñʼǮ߹ĸߴϲЦտ

úã
ߴ˸˼ˣʱᵽ˷ʲĸоֻЩͷö
ֵ󲻵ãÿټӼ𣿡
Ȼ˴ľ飬ǶСĲ̫ˣںĴӵȲŴˣߴ˿ɲҵũʱ˵϶Ѿ׼ģÿȡϵĴټӼ

ȥ˰ɣʮµǱҲ˵ɶ
λͷҲǸͷģ뵽⡣

ÿ춼ǧǮ˵ĸߴ˻ػЩͬǸĺܣҵ˵˽֣
ʱգõǱ֡

ţ෢͵Ѿˣߴ˵ֵׯ
ͬʱ֥ҲյһֱӴӿջӹļӼţ

֥ҰѰһӣֻҪٹᣬǡ

һֱû֥ӵԼԴ˹Ӽ½˲ٺѣͬԼҪѰӣ
вģ
ı׼ͬǶѧһϲµ½ͣҪССӵȻ͵Ӽ飬ǼóģϢԴǳĿɿ

һ磬͸¿˾ǣʮͭǮķۻǣǸԺӶ˳ʮҪӵķǳС

֥ԼȥӣǶȥۣûͶˡ
һ磬ǶҪȥæ£˵λŶӽܵģĵù֥ȥⲻ

֥ñӳ˶լȥȣֳ˲٣ȴǲǰһͷͷЦü䣬
ӣ·Զ

Զ߼·͵ˡ
ȻĴͦģһ¿ųѾͷĳѾ˱ϣС·һһġ


ֻ֥ͷˡ

ЦŴ󲽸ȥ
ͬѹùõģ˵ǹ÷£Ҫ˳ǮҪ졣
֪֥ӵʹıȽϸЩ

Լûȥģ
֥ʵԼùͿ꣬ȥľЩ鷳֪Լǩʱ

ԼõģҲЩϣ๫ţԾͳˡ
֥ͷô˵ȽϿףԶͦģٹҲֻ䷿ӵһǼұīֽӣһǼӣ徲ֲ֣ٺܶ࣬Ҳۡ

ͬǣ˸СӣŬѹ𾪣ֵܲڿİɣСѾͷӣ

ܿһ룬ȷʵӣ֥˹̨һȦӵĵͷ

ִǽ˺ԺԺֻ䷿ûи᷿߿ǽ˸ӷЩ߰һʯͼʯʣҲˣźǿǹ˿ӣסˣһⷿҲʹá

ͼ۶٣
Ժʯ󣬹֥żɽ

ٹʵڼۣ
ͬû뵽СӾȻģֻǮȴòˣ
ҹù˵ҪûҪ߼ۣҪǹҳȥɲֹۡ

֥˼ǮȷʵûҪߣҲϸ߼ۣųֵӵﶼᱻѹۣҲԼġ
ʥϹ̣ǵľ̷ΧѾˣλõмУүүðױҲѰ֣ǸԼӣһֻ֮ЩûԼӪ

ҪҸ׺ͼļһ۲ܾҪзɡ

ģһַӸոҹùױġ

ҴӣҼＸڶڼҡ
֥һ˵ƲŻȻ
ҹùðȫиˣҽţǿˣʹãš
ȴԼżȻᣬܹݣ֥΢ЦͷӦˡ

ʱ仹أ֥ȥΧ˽ΧȲ
뵽Χȥתתأ

϶ǸߵģƾͿͬæķ²յЩ˵ϼҵھ龢ûۿ

֥ѾҪˣǾҪʲôãȥԱķıӣĹֺģ
īƲͬӻ̵̡ȡ

֥սžŵ˺Եֽīζϲζ

͹ʲôСǰк

㿴æġ
֥ϰԼѡ˽ΪСƼʶֿˣ¾ͱ죬ֻ΢ЦĿŶˡ

̨ϰŵһİֽ֥ԺܷӳֽʵغʹԼ۸ֽֽ˽⾹Ȼôˡ

߹̨ϰһűʼܣŸɫëʣ֥һ׻õģ
׶Ǯ

õİ
һԴƵɤڹ֥ϲתͷ
ʩ磡ôʩأ 

ڹ֥ǰ֮һλ꣬ʩĳʩᰣڴʱ֥ʱ˹Ŀĵ͵Ϸˣڱڵ࣬ѵü˹֥˵䣬
Ҹ׳ȥ̸ˣԺҾæ

Ӱ
֥˵
ʩ

ʩᰱЩȻ
Ҳ򵽵ģʵ𣿡

˳ɣԺǿҪھˣʩհ
֥Ƥ˵ʩֻ΢΢һͻȻ⼸֪ģ¸ˣ
ǿԵ֡

Ա߽üš˸񣬡ðģԸС˵ԵǼ˼гѾͷЦɶģˣô

֥ϲ̵Ľ˻ʣҲûӲҪǮˡī󣬷С
֪˭𣿡

ҹ˭
ɫе˵е塣

֥бһۣæͷŤ˿ȥɳѾˣ
г𣿡
ֵ֥

û𣬾ǿ˳ۣв˾˶ģֲ𣡡
ԼûѾͷ͹أƾɶ˵ͱʾͱʡ

ҼԺأҼҽû⣬ЩֽɶģģĻƽҪ˼ҵĶ
֥˼䣬ĵ
Ĳ֪˭𣿡

˭
һĲʧˣ֥Щζ

㻹ǵ𣿾ǡǼϴĿʩй㲻ǻṦ
֥Ǻܺ棬۾ŰԵĹâ
ܿʩû书𣿻᲻Ǵ˵е

ҧһһܿ˾ʧ˹սǴת˲ֻת
ĥʲô˵ҳԷ𣿡

ҺȻֲˣ
֥СŲˡ

˭뷴ˣǰĸ첲
ɣȥ¥






86.  ѵ   ¥

¥, ֻ֥һ̽ͷͿûɶλס˽, 
̫ˣȥĵط԰ɡ
ʵϲȥС̯λЩСζһζ

˲λˣЩգ¥Ĳʱ¾о¥óԵģ
¥ż仹ûأ
ߣò˳Էſھ˶ûӡ

˭, ſڵСͿĹ֥, ˳ĵ
СӿԷ

֥˼һЦ, 
ǲǶûλˣ

Сǿ϶λӵģ
С˵ͷǰ·, ·ƹ˵, 
ƹ, СˣҴȥ¥϶󡣡

ƹүү
֥ЦŴкקקڹ̨ǰЩɵ㶵䣬


¥Сż, Ҳ䣬һż򵥵ĳԲʣǸеǺ, һŴİӡ

Сӣʲôš
СѲ˵һڣӿİ϶˹ɾĲյ, ѲĩҨյŵֽһͭСˮյͷǰ·С֥߼ǲ˵

֥Ѳ˵Ƹ룬
ʲô

ʺŶѹû˵һͨҵ㣬һͺ˸˾˵ˡ

ͣͣͣ
֥æͣ
ˣҲֻˣô˸

Ҳ˺óԣ㼸˳һ
벻ںĵѾͷûԹ¥Ĳ˰ɣúù񫡣

֥бһۣ߿˿С˵
ǼҲ˺ù˵
С˷ʳģת֥̫ãͻ˸Ȱ

˵͡
ƴֵ

ҲУһ뵽ôǮǷ˳Բ˼ڣһǮġ
֥С

ǸԼʡǮأܸˣûôˣ
ˣĸȲˣô
һٵˡ

ĸ˾еĹ֥һͷ
аɡ

ʱǳʱڣ¥Ƶ˾ǸȣԽĺܣĸҪлأɻˣ֥Ҫ˸
ʲ͡ϺʲôԼ㡣

ĸȲһѡ֥ܹƽҲԣ͵һݴͳͬƳĺ⣬
Ǽҵĺرóԣҵһһ˾ͳ˰ӣȻԵ㡣
˵ź˲˵
һ³ե֭

͹ԵȣտЩ࣬˿ܻϵЩҪҪݵģ
СǺ˲˵Цеĵ

Уӱ
һ˵ͬˣ
ÿݣһݡ
⼸Ҳĸˡ

֣
СĹ֥ţ͵ӵ˺󣬺׵Ĵʦ˵һ
ʦСʦ¥϶Ĳˣȶĸӡ

æĺܵʦæֽӹӣôôˣ
СʦѵһˣҪĥĲ˸

Сȵĵ¥Լ乫ӴߣæԱãͿСԼ۾΢΢˵ͷ

ӱ⣬ǵʱĸ㣬Ⱥһʳ¯
ÿĿ飬֥ԼСһ飬
ҳЩ͹ˣ»ҪԷأ

ʱÿ䣬治Сûİ鶼ˣ˱Ȳ裬Ӹоʣ䣬ŵİùŵİϣ
³극ҿ˱

Ƽ򵥵Ȼôĵһ˲Ᾱܰ׬ǮɿǮйɾǿľԼᱻƹĺŪˣȥ⼸˱Լ鷿һ鿴©͹֥ͨźͼʱͷֵһһѯʣЩȻˣѵü뵱ʡ

ȿۡ
֥²յ߹ҳûãⷱԼдȻզʶġ

һ߲кѶ䣬ǵС
乫ӣСӴڶ÷

΢΢ͷʾ֪ˣԸһ䣬
ƹ˵һԷⵥ

ʦôСʦչһԼ²ˣԼҹԷˣԼĲ˶ɣСʢ˸Сʦȥ

ͿӲȦˡ

ǴＹǴ㡢Ǵ
СƤŲ˱Ų
šзͷ
Ӻ󣬵СЦе˵
Сӣ⼸ʦТģ˵ܸˣ֪㲻ϲ˷ʳÿ˶Сݵģ㳢ʡ

λʦǸ֪ģ֥˸мһЦ
лС磬Ҳллʦпдա

С͸˵ȥ

֥Ҫȥϵեִ֭˴ɺ֥Ҳð˳
ղС˼Ĵͽܲɣ

֥֭һڣεˬ 
ҲͽܣֻȥһˣԺżдһ³ա
֥óԣԴͳļҲܸȤʦͦˬģһȥ˵꽻һʦһСʦġ


ĵʵģֻΪ۶ȥˣû뵽ʳô

Ӳ˸Բ֥꣬˸ӰѲ˷һλ˹ȥ
λ磬⼸Ǵ˼ĲˣҲ

ʦæվӹȥ
лСӡ

֥ÿֻһӾͳԱˣӳԳˣת˼Ȧʳ

֥ڰǰʼ˱Աֽ߰˽һдϺʽһ飬
˿ƽģûд©

վڹ֥Ա΢΢üͷ 
ⲼϵĽҲʹˣͱҲģ۵ر˵ģĸ׶ȷϹͬĻ沼ϡ
֪⣬ɾǲ֪ģÿ˱ˣΪ⼸˱̵ı¶ͻͽˣ˾ûҳɵ

Ⲽ̫ˣ
֥ļ۸
ùĲ¼ЩС̷ıҪɡ

һɵҵˣɫһɣܽܣ˳ǮԼҪżأƹİùĲ˦ЩС̷˼ҸôҲ

֥ȴǰ˱ɫ࣬һˮˣǰڼ¼ģÿսϣһʱʼǵĺ

֥ÿյˮϼưſȻ
Ҳµˡ

µʲôˣ
뿴ֽϵ֣ߴģû뵽ãʱõĳҲġ

ȴû֤ˡ
֥ҡͷЦ
㿴ÿյˮÿֻһǧĵĽˣһɵ㣬ÿӯȷʵǶԵģÿֻһǧĵĻ𣿡
ԼҸϸЩֵǮֱÿ춼߰˰ĽˣôĳӲô㣬϶ԡ

ͻԼȥʱƹżߺȣ
ʮģһٶʮģ
Ǹܼһǧȷʵֻ࣬нǰء

Ҳ͵۶ˡ
֥Ե

͵۶
ɻˣ
ô͵

ȷ˵ϽһƥһƥʵƥҲƥһƥûˣҵ˻׬ǮԼ
֥벻ͨǣ
ҽ˭ģ

ƹõĸ֧Ǯ˻ҪѽӸĸ׵ģЩ϶ˣô౾Ǯ
ȻϻǿӲŲԸţȴѾ˹֥¶ˡֻô죿ƹĺСƶˣץûƾûݵ˭أǾŹԼֲģţҳƹȥ

֥ʼһ̯֣֪ͬʱԼõļ׬ǮĿꡯˣԼֽ׶βסھǣӿ϶Ҫ˿Щûˡ

ɻ⿪ˣı͸Ҳʧˣɫ
֥ھջɺÿˣɫȥһΣ

Ǳ̫ԶˣһһȥҪˣҽ컹Ҫӣ´νȥ
֥ʱϵôҽ츸׺;үү˵ͻˣҪ

ûڼ֣˱˾¥׼ˣͳһƹǰһţ
ˣ

˭ƹЦ˵
֥ѵôԷⵥˡ

װĹ֥æǰܾ
ƹүүʦҵĲˣԼĲȴҪǮġ

ǡɴ¥ƴǣһԼ̨ǰ
֥ãҵ˼ʦôĺòˣҪǮʦġ

֥ʵͽסϲüңתӾϲĺ
磬ʱģ
УλզԽԽ˧أÿԼգۡ
ת۾֥Цļۣզˣ

ѾϤ˹֥ÿμԼȸԾ΢΢ͷ̨ǰǶõݸ룬һü۴˵Ц⣬
Źӣ֥öչˣռҼҵٷǵġ

ûĽӹӣȭ
Ҿȴ֮ˡ
˵ͷߣǻ͸оð

ˣ֥ۿûòĵͷߣ˼ĳƹЦЦ
л磬лƹүү

æ˵׷˳ȥȴס˲ӵ֥һۣС

˼ûǮİɡ

ûʡǮأ
뱳죬
ɫˣؼҰɡ

⻰֥ŵģҲûʣжڵ껹Ī̫࣬Լɲ塣

˳Ĭߣ̻ûסͷʵ
Ϊκ乫磿ȴҶӣ

úúôش𣬹֥оը죬Ѱ˼һŵ
𾴵˼

ɫһڣǺĿתЦС̫˼ˣ

ۼתҵ˵ʣ
ֲҼѾҪôңԺС

ǸʲôӴ֥Դᣬȴ˵ģ
㻹ҳѾͷأô˵

ҺþöûѾͷˣ
벻ĵ
дŲǳƺ𣿲ȻԺҲ֥ã

ɣ֥²ۣԴҡɶĻ˰ɣ
ͺҹ֥ͦõģҪԺơ

ԵҪôİĳƺ
ǲУǵԺͺ磡

¥լܽ˵Ĺ͵˼ſڣ֥˿ǵ
ذɣҶҪˣҸ׺;үүȥǮ

Ժ׼ʲô
ȻԿȤԹ֥ҪʲôǳȤ

֥ȴΪѵҡͷ
ûãǲǷ𣿵ʱп˵һҪæء






87.  ǰӪ   ʵдԼķ

ʵдԼķ, ֥ú㣬Լʲ, ôǮأ׵
ʲô

ɶ𣿡
ŮЩƷӻͦõģԼǮɲ˰ֺ˻ʡġ

ڻֽ, 껭, ǼѶˣԼ黭, ǻֽԼΪɫ, ӺӶϢĺ, ǰЩԼȥ̷ľֶ˼, ־ԶѡһԼĻȥ˵棬ԺԼ̵ĵ˵ǿԿӣͦõġ

ֽҲˣɼҵúС޷, ҲǸɵģͽֽĻ, ÿһͼҲѧķӣͳɱ, ڸڼû˰æͲˣֻǮǮ

ݹ֥۲죬Ʒĸʱ׬ǮģԼ붼룬ͨԳʳǮ죬˶࣬ʱԼǳ鷳ЩС̷ǾͰԸֳɵģ⼸ϳʳԽԽܿǸ׬Ǯο֥мʳķӣ 
ұ뿪ʳС꣬û쿴ţǮͺױֽš
֥˼ǹ󣬻Ǵʳסе֣
Ҳ˺಼ܶñ𣿱ŶһٿʼڲͿñӣþһֱţõ͸ĳΣ
֥رϲñӣǰֳɵģɫñӴŲͬ·һ󰮺ãʱΪڵ̯Ͱñһر

ĲñӶԼȾɫԼɵıñģ֥ԼһͱѧȥʽЩſھǻᡣ

ʱ˰ñŮ˰ͷΣñɶҲũũæʱŮññӵǺܿõģҲûбĺ⣬һǮһҲǶʮᣬһٹ˵͵Ůˣͬˡ

֥ͱöޱޱߴߴһû˯˵֥Ҫñӣޱޱ˵Աֽкã
֥ʲôҪҰæľ˵
ĺϲ֥ЩñӣԼ˲ٻأɹ֥ȴһֱ˵ʱûóԭſӰ

ã㲻˵ͰҵСӴͦõԸô
֥ԼñڹŮǰ࣬ܵùŮԼͳˡ

Ůһλ黭ͨŹ㣬ͶޱޱĽͬһ̻ĻһλڽʵСӣԼҺԺͬŽǰ

¾ڣС;գ԰һƬŽأɫջ򺬰Ż򻨿ޣԶԶȥɫƶӵţϸ֥д׵ѩи߹ѩиմӻ԰ͬˮɻСӡ

ޱޱͷһµǳҷۿñӣñϲżʵССҰջñܴһƬɫıɴ޵֣˼

Ĩһ԰žȫСӵעɵͤʯǰʯϵĻ˸


ӨӨһ˫ĿͣͷϸϸЦ
ñӵǱ¡

ˣֻʵ̫ͣˣ
ѾСѴİʯɽޱޱִ򿪣¶һɫñӣ
Ҵ˼ñӸͽǴ棬ҿԸԼϲ壬ⶥñӾԼװġ


絽СӶΧɫǳɫЩͬļɫͷǳˣó滭С˵ɫҪԼʯǰߴߴ

ɫϲҪ
ȤǶɫģ곤˸ɫģɫȷʵϲ

һɫģޱޱһЦ
㣬ɫȹոպá

ҵͷϵķÿҪñⷢٿɲС
ȴԶޱޱͷϵСӸȤΪһ껪СӣԳصķٲôϲޱޱⷢһͺɰ

Ȼһ
ޱޱϵ˵

΢΢һû뵽ޱޱ˵Լ࣬ԼˣҲǸļƵģ
ŮȥױľͤޱޱĺİͷỹЦ
ⷢ軹ֶŮ֥ұģ˵ʲôͷӲۣȻͷ쳤վѹĲë

ȻԭСѾⷢ
ֶŮס𣿡
кܶ˼һݳס֪ޱޱֶŮǲ֡

æģпҼҳס
ޱޱЦ
ҽñӶģ¿һӾ˵Ҫͽṩҵġ
Щ㶣ôԼĲ²һ׼ˣ

˵䣬ޱޱͰѷˣͭǰһᣬԼվЦʵ
㣬㿴ϲ𣿡

ÿû뵽ôɡ
žеԼⷢԼüһЩ˵Լ̫ϳɶׯǲЩ

ǰԼᷢٵģȥСңʱæһԼء
ޱޱ˵

Զޱޱ˺ܴĺøУԼʶһ˰ɣΣӡľòÿξۻ⼸СӾżǺܹɵߣͬһƯĻƿ

˭ȴǸˣܹ̹ϵСίʵ˵ﾽʱҲû˿ĻرܣǺܶԼƢء

ͷ֮Ǳ߼СѾʼװԼеñˣ԰ľջпеıװεñϡȵ԰磬λСӼջں϶Щ糺졣

ͺѳ;ƺؾҺ԰ɢɢǰŮ˵ЦһԴ;¸ˣæɽһʯͷЪЪôоЩСͷϵЩЩ

ޱޱֻһѾʰʰ䵽棬߹ˮ·ɽʱһ󼲷ȻñӴ죬
ۣҵñӣ
ޱޱһֱͷһֳñӾѵ΢е˫һ̽ͷֻоһ֧еԼģʶһ㣬ӥһȻתץ˱ɽϵķɫñӣһȻأڶޱޱǰ¶ԼЦݣ
Сӣ𣿡

лӣ
ޱޱӹñӸмĳһЦоǺľջʧɫǺСӰ

չھͽװӵ֥øԼ²ۣ
ûǴ确ಡĴñһ˲ͷ죬ҵͷҳӲݣ
ޱޱ˵ŵʱñӱ紵ߵ˲Ļң
ǼɽȻˣɽϰñһ˲ĳΰñӵݸʱ֣Ӳקקģ˵ǲǿǶñˣ

ǿñӣǿ˰ɣ
֥û뵽ȻôϽõĻµ׶û

Ѿˣʮ³ʮǻƵգ춨񣬶ǻмҵĳӣڹӼ飬ޱޱꡣ
˵ʱϲ⵲סǶͦģ֥˾ͷˣķչԼһܲЩء






88.     Ź

Ź
ʯǳĺ, Ųӵ鷿ЦеİһżŵڱĶǰ, 
֥ѾͷҪһˣ˵Ҫæ֪пû

˵֥ҪԼæ侹Ȼ˿⣬ 
ȥȥʰӣʮһҶпգƽʱֻѧ֮һʱ䡣
ϸպͬѾԼˣ¸ջûԼ

ʯȴָż
ȿʲôæ˵вС

żķСõֻܿ, ©֮е, ţĬκ󷽻, 
ΪβǸ׵ĻҲ߳Ӻܶࡣ

֥˵ġ

չ֥ӻ̶ʯЦ, վСȭͷż, 
, ðһӣҪҪһݺ񰡣

ʯϲ֥С¾Ӧ
Ҫʲô˵, ͷ˰ɣ
˺ദҪƢģʯöѾͷҪԼ׹Ůöõͷ

ҪĺɲԽǮ, 
֥ҡСԴЦУ
ҹֱʴī˱ʸվͬ硭

ʯס, СѾͷ˵ԼʶͦͦоԼߴʮ֡

ȴ֥һת
ôõܶЩհǶ£Ҿһ̵ơ

ˣӵƽˣ
ʯ¾ʹЦӦˣ
ѳߴָң쿪ҵƣ

л
֥æǰʯˮ˫ֵǰֵ
и֮룬Ҫװޣǽϻһ񡭡

ҡ
ʯأ˵СҿĶʱס˿ڣ˼ҶҪæˣ
ÿҪ飬ֻ÷壬᲻ᵢ£ѧż꣬ʷ۵ĺܣεǽ
Ͳ˵ǽϵĻҲˣȫȻ˼ԼҲǸûġ
ҲԴأŮƺͻԼԼ⣬ǻǹŮһȰͨġ

ʯ˵ԼʱеȻ
˵ҪഺϢһг֮У˵ʡ
˵Ż˰Լĺӣ˵ֵܺģȷʵԼˣѵԼô

ഺϢ䶼֪ԼϻʣֻоԼƽĺ΢磬  
ѧȥ￴һȴ֪֥õ

Ӧ˵˼ɣʯΪӻأԼԶ˽Ļ
ѧֱӵۼң֥˵ۼҲԶүһȥš

һ侲Գֵڸ뿪ϸϸǰżһ飬΢̵ʾ鳬ãﷴ˼ǽҪעЩʲôأҪȥѰ˽һ¡

ڶһ磬֥ͺ͸״ʳӣԺľͳﲨϴûоľһȥֿϴھˮǴС¯Ѿ˲ˮѾ֨֨

үү壬簡
֥кʳൽСϣ
˯ô˵ط᲻˯ţҹ泳
ӿŴ֣ǵҹҪɢ֥̫ˡ

ľǽӣǽǵó˼ССǰһţЦ
үƤģﶼ˯š

ʳ෹˳ȺĻɢ
÷Сȳԣͱǹ֥ģķͣͱ͸ըһˡ
һӣһүһһŴͱһС˸ӹԲľŶЦǺǣ
֥óԣ̶ѧѧ

ǹأҪôˣ÷᲻˰ɡ
֥Ȼվһߵģ˲ǰҲά

⵹ʵľЦʰﲨ˵ϴʹ
ôţ

Ǹϳģ֥Űɡ
Ź÷һ̯֣ʾԼȨˡ

ľͿ֥
ȰˣǽˢŴȫˢһᡣҪȫµģЩҪˣЩľϣɴ˵ա

ΣʯͳӽӾͿһյм伸װչӺһõľϡ

磬
֥ſվŵĸӶˣȭҮ

Ҫǽ
һȦ俴שǽ治ʵ

ǽˢף滭Щ֡
֥Լ渵
ɫɫɫΪ¸С

ҪЩͷԣ
ܷһ壿

мԼֻͼ㿴һ£
֥ǵ˺СһȫñͼĻڵСϣ
ϼŮͷñڲݵϷ͸ˡ

ǱõһҳҳֻϵŮһͷ϶һñӣñӸɫвͬڵʻ׺еñϾȻкͨͨͣƳγεӣñµŮҲ̬ͬĵطǶд۾СεıӣԼ֪ƥǧԴͷˣԭһȫʵĻ

֥𣿡
ʯרķᣬæʵԼҪæơ

ˣ
֥Ц
ͽСññСݡ

ññСݣ
ôСҼƵģʯ˲ͷˣԼܷڲ

ҲģÿӶжλͻΧʱ˰ñŮ˰ͷΣñƽƽ棬ôůҪõ˵ϿǺѵģҾСͻƿڣӵ־Ҫ߿ɰ硭

䷭ͣסˣŹ֥뷨ԭӾȻôŵ

س̵·ϣﱧŹ֥Ʒ׼ȥúĥЩ׹֥ҪഺϢˣֻԼҪ֡

ʯ࣬еĺͶţ
СѾͷѾ֮ҾȻЩڴӻῪˣ
һҪгɲǼ׵£û뵽֥Ȼ뵽СͻƿڣܵС١

һԸ߶Щѵûз
֥˴ϻֻۣ˼ȴЩϧˡ

ӷ֪֣֮Ѿͷ˵ã㿴ĻĵҲѧģɼÿѧϰĹ٣ЩѧܻǮģ黭ȴСˡ 

ĸ˵Ůӵĵ¡
ϾǸ꣬ĸ׵ĻŲɵġ


ԼÿյĶׯԳ֣ʯЩƣ̾
Ժ˵ϣŮĵ£ʵﶼϲʻĸҰҺ޵Ůӡ
ԼԼģʱǸСԼӡ̣˭֪׺󾹶˼ӡ

鷿ѵõûϰ鱾Ź֥Ļġڲ׽ֻľ-ɰ磬һŰֽһӵ˵ϣֱ𣬲ЪϢ

ڶһĴҴҵĬ÷ĸ׿ϸܵѪ˿ڸӶ˶Һ˶ӵ鷿Сʰɢڵϵֽš





89.     䱧żӲ󡭡

, 䱧żӲĹڱڻظ鷿ɸɾһȾ, ͷһţ뷭һմĻȴѰ޹

Ŷ̤Ժӣ̫̫ԸߵӰѻ˳䲻ŵĳ˽ĸ׸ĻǰֻǸĻҷɵĻҳѾΪ˻ҽ
ĸףҽѵĻƾʲôˣ
һ򵭶üȾŭ, ĸ׾Ȼ˹֣

̫̫ŶΧŻŸȷԼ, һ侲ԳֵĳӺʱ˼
Ҳ֪⻭ϵŮ˭ӽԺ, 
̫̫Ļǯһӣ, 
ҶҲ֪µ, ĸվ͸ѰһŮź, ϲɱŮӹ˼

սԺӵʯӵⷬ˵ʣʱͻðɣ
˼ֱи㲻֧, ѰŮҶĸ

̫̫мĿ๫һۣ
ҾһѧҶԺҪ˵, иҷ̺ܱȳȥȻЩɾŮǿ

ʲô˼ѻ˵ֻ۾ǲɾŮˡ
ʯһ԰, ƺȹûմǰ 

ȵĻΪŲζҪ㻹ʵĲҪô檲Ů֧ǰɡ

Щʧĳ˸ԼĸɵװɵԼܿЩѵһ㶼û֣ѵײ;ôƽ

֥ûԼļͯбɽ鱻ٵһ죬Ŵ°乫ʧǸȻҲֻӴȵ
Ǽ㻭ģûѶ£뿪ҵأûõġ

֪ҪҰæĵط
ڲؼңҲȥѣֻ徲

֥Խһת뵽˸⣬
ǽǽðϰһ°ɣ
ǽ涼үүĥɾˣ׼ˢģ֥ƻʮһǽϵĻ꣬ǽϰãҲ޷

֥׼õ׶˳ĵѾ̺˲ӣͰССˢѣ˰ĸЦ
֣ˢ

ӹˢӣǹؾصĿǽſʼˢǱ߹֥ѾǽЦţ
ˢһɽ

ơ

ʱ۵ֶˣСЪЪ֥İǽЦУ
磬֪Ϊʲôˢǽ𣿡

ϼ˺俴ǰǽ˼
Ҹоˢ˰ǽһЩ



֥޵
ɫ˵飬ɫӱȱҸãȻ컨ϷŮͻͬ봺죬ǲǾأ
ٺٺ٣֥ζǡǮˮء

Ѿͷת̫죬ոջת˲׸㿴ûоп룬Ժһֳ
Ӧûġ

֪ʱſڶߴӰǹĻҹˣ
乫ӣүȥ

ˢһͨѾ֮ɢĲˣغԺȡº˸֮룬

֪øָܷ۾Ļ
侭һһҹĥѾҵЩо֮ܵ˵㲦һˡ

а
ҲûɶòҴŵģ֥ˬĵͷ
ҴЩϺֽʹʵֻ򵥵ġ

ʯڳӵԺｹǵⲽҲ֪ûУֱԺӲ˿ߣ
ףǺĸ˵Ŀԣġ

ĸ׵Ķϣڻʱʱ߶ҳˡ

ʯûӺúùͨ۲ͬ⻰ǼͬѼ˵˵žͻᳳҲǴСųĹӸ磬λȥˣ˵ҲֻǷֺԷ´λ䱾Ҳˡ

ڶհ仹û֥СӭǸƤ磬ǽѾˢ˰ᣬźʹͨɣֻ˭ˣ
ҾͲµʰģôҲæ

һӣǰ߰ߵİᣬ֥վſڣ
ҹүүľЩ͹ˣܸɶ

԰㿸ӣ
ԼļԵá

СĸͶүؼҰɣ˲ĸż𣿡
ĸ׵ķӦ˵Ĺ֥ЩԶԶģЩӸԼԺҲҪԶ֮ɲ֪ԼѾ̫̫һˡ

ֻȻԼղŻ˺ƤأԼһ仰ܸߵģ
ĸ˵ҪѾۻᡣ
ľǹˣǲ߷ҡڵĽ˺ԺľŶԺ￪ľϣһµĹҪææľܾ
ӵпɲã֣ľͷ£ĪλĽۡ
˵֥߳ʹɫߡ

ĪˣҸɡ
֥ҳԼдõһģ
ʮݡ

⼸öڼӽæñӣԼãѵʹϡ

ֽϡññСݿҵ֣һСͿͿĸĵģīδɣȻǹ֥ոдõģһ۾ɵԲ
֥ţ

ǵȻ
֥һ㶼ǫģСһߣգ

ԾĿʼī֥ԼúõĺֽȡһϣȻһ£Цݣ
磬ܲܰҴһˣ

ͷī뾯̧ͷ
˭ʲô

мҵĳӣ˵ҲڹӼ飬УҴһΪΣҪûС
֥ЩΪѵ£ô˵أûҪõСӣǰȻƣʱ·³ޱߣ֥˵ö깫Ӷⳡǲž̴ĲֻǸ֮ͬ˽һλӵΪˡ

˭Ѹδ֮⣬ 
ûжǽҲ죬Ҵ˵ȫ޽Ҫһͷʡ
Ӽѧ֮࣬ÿ˶ԼȦӣҪҪЩʱ䣡

֥ͰѴݷһߣһСƿϵùԼŶõĻʼŮñͼҪû֮ǰ֣õȻɫǰܡ

˭ջһŮñͼһ֧ëʴԱδһī֭õŮϣ֥ͺˡ

սԺӣͿ֥ˣ
㲻æֱ˵ȻһҵĻǰʧȻҲ

乫ӵӰ֥˵һ̧ͷڨЦ
磬

뱾ЩھΣ뿪ģʱȴ·סһ㣬˿

һۣѧʿҵĶӣ֥죬żԼˣ

Ƕ΢΢ͷɫȻĽСǻϵī׹֥ԭˣԱߺֽϵĿҵע⣬ɨ֮һ˵Լ񲻴ҪҵԼҲմ֣

֦ãñ
ͷŵĹ֦ʵ

ʱûУ
֦ѻһ˺һѹֻֽߴݸ壬˵
ҿԵһñӣ

ȿȿȡ
Լղŵλã֥бһۣͷεְһӣһŲͬɫ鲼ǹ֦ԼɫȾģ
Լѡɫñе鷳ʱҿɲȷ

ۼֿһѰ֣ǵù֥һɫñӣͷҳָŵ
Ҫɫġ

ѡͰѲǰһƣ
ѡɡ

ɣ
͹֥ͬʱûӣֱӵ
Ҫɫİɡ

ãͷΧһ
֥˸ӸǣѳߴԼļ±ϣڿҵ֮ǰÿ鶼ŵġ

дˣְѼ±õԼǰһһԼпտæ

Ǳ߹֥Ѿ˻ʿʼͯ۾ļɣȻԲΣ
Բ۾˵ĸоǲ쾪棬ɫ
ǣ
۾пɰ۾Цõĺۡ

֥ˣӹȥһ˿Ļһ飬֥Сĵġžž죬
ţǻţ

ƨߡ

ľߵϼﺰһɤӣ
֥ҪҪӼˣ

Ǳͬʱ
ɫˣЩ
ѾʮˣӼĽʦǷ壬ѧȻҲŷż١

Ӵţһһһһȭ뿪

ӣ㲻ؼ𣿡
ȭʦ˵ûô˼ɣ򲻶Ծˡ

ߺߣ
ǰͬջȥҲһ






90.  ññСݿ   ʮһ

ʮһ, ЩһʲǱʯӶҲ絽, ûεɫҲҪŰѰѹأҲ˼λһĵɫ

֥Ļ壬㿴ﲻϲȸǽ

Ϊ˽֥ˢĿڣ˴Ƭ׷ʽܺõı˴Ƭǽ, ƬŵһּС¹ݵϷֽŮ, ͷϲͬĲɫñӡ
ѾܺˣС
֥, ǽֲҪϸڣҪǸӾЧ, ⻭ˡ

ĵɫȽ鷳, ʯλ֮ͨŵȫְæ, ǽһ֮˹ֻǹ֥ʱЩſڳΣһ˵², ֪ʲô£

ɶȥأ 
˵ԴӼĸ׶Ĺܽ˺ܶ࣬ĸ׹, ÿֻΣʻû£ۺֻ֧֣׼ȥ߰ĵط

һĸ˵һԼ׼, ճĸԺӾƱŷ˽
֣㲻ʽƽʲôҴƽذȥĵطɺǲһǽոȥơ

ҽպͱԼˡ
ΪѵԼӦ֥ȥŻǽġ

Ǿˣһʵ·ϣ㶼νҲӵġ
ҲǸСӣŤͷҪߡ

˼˵еǽҲǹ֥Ҫģˣ


̫ƽձů֣֮ǹҹлῪʼ𣬾һӶƬĿյأ۹ľ˺ܶأѾйģ

֮ڲӰ죬ܹηбݣǿɸԼϲѡԴͣбĻע

ҵ˵ģҹУֻ˶ӵִҲʱз

뱻ĸ׹ܵĺϣṴ֮شδ۽硣

Ӷʱο˸ǽӣ߳ǾǶǵߣϵʱǽͺƷ˵ģȻˣŮڰеϣ߱裬˿ǵڿз衭

ǹֺÿģŮһ
ڶѧ˵˵
ϲϵģϧǽӲϲȥˣȴϲڲֵģҩľżźÿС

֥۾ǰֻΪǹԺǷ³ԼˣҪȥʶһ£

ȻԺ֮ؾӣԶ˵յֳ֥ҲûȥټЩίʵæĺܣǽˢúÿ˺üӣʲôţӡͭꡢӣ꣬ܿǼСͰ˼Сñ̫ˣҪһЩСƷ׺¡

ľ֥ҪЩڲͬĹһðڵһľͷñܰſһ࣬һһתԲܡ

ȵܰںú󣬶ޱޱŽʦ˽ţ
ýöǴĺ֣κʱ֪ʡŵ۾ãѾþϸˣ˵ŮƹҴǶסڽʱҲ㡣

֥תһȦ˵ԼҪĻĿ궨λǼ˵⣬ȷʵ˵ĺ֣Ҫʱȴѣ
ҹҪ⿴ţǶзסû˿ɲС

Գϵ
һͬãԺסĺǽͣҴס𣿡

ֻշǼҪֿġ
֥ѻ˵װ׵ģʱ¼һӵ٣ҪǴһסԼɲ⡣

Ƿ޴СŮסҶѾɼˣӶ߰˻һ䣬ǰѷڸס
ǾӴףʱֲּңһЩСһԺסĺǽͣ뻻ԺӣܵǮǵġ

˿ˣ֥λҲͦģ
ߵĹǮģٺͭǮסͿӾˣӺͱҲһľóΪ˵ɣãÿ³ʮٺΣ

ٺʱ¾￴ӵǲߵģɾ̫˼ˣȡʱǮһɣⶫҹ󷽣˾ͶӦ

Ƕ˵ķֹģΪסǮˣ̸ⷿÿνûǼǣ˾ҽÿ³ҽˡ
֥Ǯ˷룬˱ֱ𽻸ˣһˮˣһǻĽ棬ļʻСЩ
ʮ磬¿ˣγһˣ˶ֻһ죬ǻͰ˻ܡ

һ͵Ĺ֥ηǳĸߵǼſҵ˼Ҿƹݲݵ˵֮һ飬ǽֿβ˾ۼ֮ɤź˼죬صǳ齱һȽһġ

¶ʮ壬˿У
ññСݡ Ӫҵˡ

ʯƣڼʱԽң֥Χ£ǰصѣԼѾôһȦأ

ȼźʹһ뿪ˣ濿ĵϰһźɫëձһ϶ǳ齱ĽƷһŴֽɡſɡ£Ƿ

ͶޱޱһñӵΧȹͷͬɫĴñЩɫһλ

齱Сǿʼӿ 

ۡ
õӣĿñһ˰Сǡ
ԴñΪءխأж޶鲼˿ëñӡ

Ϊ˻ӾƣͣżЩĻУǴССɫĺӣޱޱڽԴ
㣬㿴һѹͿסˡ
̧ۿŶޱޱЩʧ
ޱޱĻ¶𣿡
ûأ
ޱޱѷбͷϣڵ

׮𣿡
ɫŹκһϸڡ

ɶⲻģ˵ֲ㡣ĸʮ͸޻£Ҽ޲ȥʵ޷⣬ˣ
ޱޱü΢΢Щͷ
ûǮ£׬ǮҾһӲҲû˸ҹң
ûһ˿׵ͷڿ֥ӿҲЩˣ֥Ļ¾ԼģԼջ׬Ǯʱ׾ͳף׾˻飡

ȻΪɶһӲ˵ͷ׮ûģ͹ˡ

ӿ룬֥վſֳһֽͲȳߺţ
Աϰһֽӣд˸ġ֣
ʮľͿԲμӳ齱ؼ˶н˶н

һȽһʵڵͭǮһģڴյ֮˭ң

ȽҵƷƣññһ

ȽСùһκͻģذƳĶлƷˮ顯ڲڴ

ǰƷûɶʵģҶ֪ˣֻǵȽܶ˾ǳģ
Сӣˮʲôܿ𣿡

ֱ
֥״ֽͲԱ߰ɫͰˮСҨһ㣬εʻСֱϣһ࿪֮һתͷΧ£ˣ
ûԡ

ˢˢһС쵽ǰ֥ÿ˵һΣЦʵ
ô㲻㣿

㰡
СԶŵеζˣĺŵĺܣ

е𣿡

еģܷžãСƿװƿʮģԺԼװֻҪʮǮһƿ
û취С״ƿ̫ˡ


ղùСǶӿǹˮǰܹ˶ʮƿһɨ⡣

̨ܿǰͿʼ˸ˣ齱ǰӭˣֽ֥Ͳ־
ϲλСӣĵȽᷢһúֽ콱̨ǰȡ

ȽһԣϲλСӣ뵽콱

ۣȽǹϲλõСӣеñ㿴ĸĸ






91.  ֲ   ññСݿҵܺ

ññСݿҵܺ, ʱСﻨʮĸĸ̫ģ֥ǵˮƽ, ñӶʮʮĲȣСǼĵʮ֮䣬ʱСӶϵľľᡢţʮܴճ

ʮĲֹԳһνԵһżƴοӲӲһֽһññСĸ֣ʮո񣬽϶Ѿӡͼ, һƥɰС
õľϲӴ
֥ĳǼʮӻһƷ, ֻڵڶ͸ı˾

֥ѡĿҵʱõģҪ붬֮ʱ, 䣬ñӵʵԾ˳, ټǸɫССĺлλǵۡ
ññСеʻо, ĵСӽ򵥵Ĵñӷ, £ԺһÿۼԴ棬˿ŷ˿裬СǶ顣

æµҹĻ, СǻؼˣññС徲֥ڹ̨濪ʼ, µԱķԸһ̿棬һˡ

ˮȫգֻᷢмɫĻʣ, Щɫûˣñӷٵġ 
һ֥ԤϣȻҲԻôС⣬ȻñӣԼĲƷ

ˮ˾ǧʮģ
֥ˮ⣬µıǮͦģԻľӿɶˣƷʵʵڵĺöԤܻر»мǮ

Ǳ̼߳ҽúͶޱޱںѩҾջ裬ζ;ջ㣬ζʿһͲͣȫ⻨ɤӲ˻ƣһҲ˵

淢ƷЩЩСߴߴ̫ˣ浣˳ҿС֧ʹѾվڽۣװ磬ñӴȥ
ޱޱ治˵ææôãԷֲϣ˵͵ʲôлл˼ң

ϾǹҳģҪЩģһȥĥĥ˵
֥˻磬ҲȲЪЪ˵Сڵͣ
ûз˵˵ǼСӱûñӵģһͨ˵ֺôͷϵñӶûժǹ˼ҽɣҪ˼ҽ󻹲üӡ
ĿǰΪֹ֥ʶĹŮ͹ӶڴȨܴ֮ഫҽһǺ¹ġ 

ޱޱоԼһϱй⣬
Ҳû뵽ղ˵˼Ϣ
˵Цų
һ˵ġ

ʲô£
̧ۿЩڴ

ʮݱҳˣݱѾһº̫ʾҪˣ
˻һСȴ˳Ĭޱޱųˮɩ͹֥˲İ
ôˣǲ𣿡

ˣ
ͷס⣬ȴЩʣ
ֺ¡

Ϻ͹֥Լͬͷ֪ˣ粻֪ڱ롭

ǳĶޱޱһθܵ鸴֮УֱؼҺֵȫҵ˵Ϣȫ˶ûжϲ⣬ֱ̫۹͵౾˾ıϻȻ֣µ֣ȫ˵ȴĬˡ
***
ϲĶѵãûϲģ֥Ѹٴӵһ۷ֲܽ˾Ӫԡ

ññСݿźڶ죬˳齱ĿֻƷȸΪȣǮĹ̨ں˽Ʒλεĺۡ

һȽʣһֵʮĵĺñӸ߸ϣСƷ棡

ȽСϲȴΪͭۼ۸Ӹ߲µĵĲͬɫСУΪͭܺʦȻǷһֱûԼ⣬ʦΪ˻˷ΪŶǸʦǼǮҪĺܵͣʱĻбõͼԼĻ

Ƚ֥ܻӭġˮ顯ΪЩСӣֻǷ٣ֻһСףԴƿװ

ڴƿģۣÿչʮƿϿͻʸ򣬹֥ƳļƴοˣÿʮļһΣβʸƿװˮһɲ

֥̫ˣ
ޱޱÿˮֿ˻˵ˣԼΪǹˮҲȥģñѶһ£

Ȼ뷨˴Сӵ뷨һȽȽʱ鵽СӻЩź
ҼˮѾˣ齱ü죬ֻˣװʮĵģҪٳһν
˵ͳһſʮѾŸˣϸСţӡ£˫ֵݻ
Сӣ⿨պã´Ҹ㻻¿žɿĴۼƽȥ׻иõĽƷá

֣
ССĵİſյɰññСݵƷ̫ˣ⿨Ҫúš

ԼԺĹ޶ˣ֥ܰе˶ˣˮĸ˻ӭй𻨵˼˵ññСҪ𻨣߸Źˮ顣

֥ҡŽĸצֵĴ·ɿתţľͺҺһ

һҹݵĹ𻨱ɴ̳ɢŹζˮޱޱ쵹ŵľͰ
֥۾̫ˣզ죿

Һʩ˵ˣ괺ҶЩǼԺӶЩӲУҪЩƤǸҲܽá
ֻǽζϡ˭ܻӭ˼·ˣƤõƷһﶬԼóˣڴ죬ǿɾ͸ðˡ

ҺͼСҲ˵һʱˮǻ϶˵ĺܡ
ޱޱñЧһ㣬˶ûɶʾ˭ǹˮѸҵĹ𻨶ը˳ƤҶռɡ 

Ϊ𻨵㷢С˵ƤɻζˮжʱӴϷ˽ǣ۸Ȼƣƽ٣Ȩ֮ΪﱻͽŵĵǶࡣ


Ժ϶һ̳ɫӣһƤһӣȴϸĵİƤ
ҪóƤȥҩõģɹƤûá


·֬ˮ۵Ĵ۲תһ䣬
ʲô֪ıĸС˰

ɲС
ס裬Լؿڴ״
ҪĶ㣡

ţеˣ
ͷĵһЦ
ҪǼӵƤȥȥζͺˣ

˵Цһգ͵һӣ
ȥƤ

ܾŵܳԺӣԶջһӣæЦ˹ȥ
С壬һ壡

ţȥų԰ɣ
ЦЦĿһ۾ͲӲͣԼԺߣǸС̷ľСţû뵽ͻȻǹĹӡ

󣬹ÿԺﶼյһ̰ĸɸɾ⡭

һƤˣϲ
С壬ô֪Ƥ

ûĻ磬ԹԵ
˵Ƥһƿˮ飬жʮƤһʮƿһȡƿɡ
ʮƿĻõˣ컹̫ȥϲ֪ûл

Щܳ
С壬ˮǸҺĸõ𣿡

ˮͦõģ
ĵתΪɻ
˵㲻˺ܶƤЩõģ

յ뿪ˣԼĶţ
С̫ˣ
***
ҽ̫ˣЩȥ˰ɡ
Ӱȥ๫һɵ
СӦʷҽ𣿡
ҪôƤȥֺ˼С

û˵
СϸСĻ¸Įģĸǰ̧˽С嶼ܵˣɲܳɡ

֥˳ȥÿնͦæģźȹùõĶ׾ƣھۼƽ˾ʱ˾ǽڶżңޱޱǵѧֱʮ³˲Űֵڼĸװڲ

ʮ³ʮ֥ͳڿͷﲻʱĳǽˣôֻýˣ 

ͿͳԺӣ֥͡ಡܵԺɫ̫ÿ
ý˸ղ˵Ƶϵİǡˮϣǿл䣬ֻޱޱղں涼ˣȥȰȰĪȥ
ĵ˵֥˵Ȥֶ£ޱޱȥġ

ֲϣ
֥ϸ׽ĸֵ˼һֺյ˵˰ɣ
ƿõķţűһţ֥ڴ£˱£˵
ùãĪģоŻ˵һá

ĸ˵ģ
ޱޱƿ۾Ķ
ô֪






92.  Ⱥ   ȴ˵֥ĻҺ

ȴ˵֥ĻҺѸײڶ֮ھ, ҪСʱŮ˶׷󣬿ô˭õģܲ

ֱ̫, Ƿˬ¿˰죬ĵͷ

ܿʹһƿ˹ԸʺֱϣЦʵ
ĸΣ

ֱֿʺף
ѵ, ϻҪ嵭, ȴġ
ƫøζȴŲŨ, ޵ζϲġ

ˮĵ˵¶ѵã⻨ˮÿֻкٵ, ǴŹ𻨿Ȼȡ
̫ЦдЩƤ, ǵĻʺЦ, 
֪²⹬ùժĻˮƽְɣ

ŹԽõĴ, ҵµǣ붼ʮƿ͸Ҫõͬ, 
ǸǼҳźţ˵ģȵøԵ
֥ܽ˵һѸٰЩС, ǲ۵Сƿ͵֣յҲˣõĸģ

һ˵𻨿Իˮ󣬸йĶժ͹ܹҲ֥࣬ӽʱͶ߰˰ˣƤԤòҳƣ
лλ͵ӻԾƤ̫ʰͣչ

λŹĹӵڶһӾյֶŮϷЦ
С壬ññСͣƤˣôӸզ찡

˭ֺ֪⣬
Ƕ˵ģֲˣӾǵлɣ
˵ŶԺС˵
ⵣ͵լ˵С͸ǳʵġ

ӶԶżҿϡƤûƤʱҪУΪǲ粻ҪԲƤҪõĶ࣬ԶżҳԵӶģ
˺ľ
֥¶ɫӺЦ

ϧЦûЦ㣬εİӳԣһһĺó԰ҪҪ̳ӹͷˣô㣬ɴԸɡ

Ƥгϸϸ˿󣬹֥̳ԥ
ͺͶ۶ΣζԺ۾һ֡

ͶޱޱûŴֵģɶ

͸ȡһ̳ɰкõƤޱޱһӣ֥ŻͽţֱһǱ߳һɴ˿Щϧ
ôͣ治Ӱ

̳ĵŵʹһƤȴǲܳԵģθá
֥

İƤĸɸɵģӵͣϻš
ǼӵΪ̫ǣͱ֥ˮˣһ΢˵㣬ɫͺԣǻһ㶼ģһƳ͹ܺ
Ҹϲζ

ȵ֥ǰѼպõƤͣññСֹҳƤƣСЩӾȻûӣһյϢͿʼ֣һҹȥӭŶˮСǡ

֥Ƥõûɣ
ޱޱжӣһļζ

Ӧûġ
֥һ£ͽǱȱıڳҵ죬ͻбá

ٶЩɣҿԶЩʱƤ˿
ޱޱΪϲĶҹҲϧôҪץסᡣ

һֱ궼ģĪš
ǹ֥ܷԣǮ׬ʱ򣬱׬û
˿ԽСպ͹˾͹ˡ

ææµµУʱֹһ£Ա߹ذӪϢĶ˱ʮʮڵ˾ھӪʥԴٹٳӭӡ

ǵİۼ˽ͷ֥ͳ绨ؽռ˸¥¥ĺλӡ

Ĺ𣬴ӾһɫĻǻʳǶЯ̫ǰǿڽʿ

֥С̵ĸ첲Ž̫ϵĸ׳ӰһҲڵסɱ֮λ֣𵱽ʥϵķͣԶݺ
Щڳﶼ붼ĴڣȼյĻ类ɽѹľ

·ߵСľͬ׷ƮЩӢϡ 
С̣㿴֣緢ǰ;
֥˵⻰ʱЩ̾Ϣ˰ɻڴ֮ǻɻǵũһֻʶ˼µƽƽСӣԹ֥ǲȥʵģ統˴ûʶС̵ķӦ֥Ҳࡣ

ǰ֪ƽͺˣǻذɣ
̰ĿԶȥӰ֮ɣԺĻᶼ˰ɣ

֣Ϊδ飬ؾһ˲ֿȣ͵լԺڵڶվͱ׵ý̤ż֣̫̫εӦţ
ҶѶ£ֻȿء

һҰ֮Ůε𽫾ˣǸҵҲĸ

Ҷ֮ѶԻ̧ӭţ

֣ڵڶһͿ˾ǣվУϤ̯ǰȴֻһڿ̯ӣܾϲ
֣үˣ·Ը

ôڣֶŮأ

֪ʵ˭ֱܻԸ֪
Ҹȥˣ֥ھǿ˸ӣЩӺһھ￴أ

ӽʲô֣ھĸλã

֣ɻ
ȻھԼؾ϶֪ģȴ֪ΪûѰԼ

ññС

˾ͽˣļ˾ϰߵλæǮҪǮܿⷿҲûǼˣչʱͿЩ

ȥ˺档
ޱޱöӲ̫ŶԺܡ

ڴǰźᣬõĲͲ׵мһɫͺˣͷͭ۶ϣͿˡ

ʣǶޱޱС𣿡
һڳǰ̧ͷ˵ȴɫһ䣬Ѹ̧ס˼˦ƣŭ
ʲô

Ŷޱޱ˼ɫһˣ
һһɫŮưͷӺߵǰ
ҲʲôֶΣҿϵˣͷ

ڹ̨Ĺ֥վҲ磿ȴڿſڶļ׳ɫ

С㣬Ƕޱޱ
ǴɫȹŵѾǰָϵ

֥һݣŲһתʹԺߣȴޱޱպӽ
˭Ҹ
ǶޱޱȻһźӵ
ŮһȻԱߵһʹɫ׳˶˸첲ޱޱǰ壬
㳤ԣԼĳͷ


ûļסСùõĹ֥һСڵӺ˹ӸײһߣָȡֵСŭ
ҵҰҪץǣ

СѾͷҶ㻹ͷҰˣĻҶˣ

Ȼ˴컯֮ˣӾǹŮ˦һ㶼٣֥ˣһʱ֪ýɶ硣

ۼӵ˶ޱޱǰԼǰɲޱޱˣ
ޱޱ㿪Щĺǧǽ

֥
ҪģԼû£ס˵ķֱŮˣСù㵽ȥ̺úñСá
֥ԸôҲǸСϰˣǰĸˣԼ߻һأ 

ȷ߲ԵīСƣͿ˳ʱϰԵñСſڿһۣӶҺԼҶѣҪӦŵ㣬ۿſ׳ɵһ
ƹģСˣ

ƹʵһæ˳ܹ곤ļƶֱ࣬ӳ嵽˶棬ññСݴʱŶǴ󿪵ģһ׳˶ںͳ

ॡ
Ҫץǣ
֥ŭ洫

ԼҶٶҶڣƹļſǼ׳Լ岻ȥ֥ĺ飬СƵ
ȥ٣㳶ɤӿ캰ѽַھӶ

С˵ƹԼȳܣžͿһʿѲ飬æߺųȥ
˾˵ññСˡ

Ӿϻ̧֣ͷأһññСһ
ññСݣ·
ƹĸܣܱʣ
ĸŵģǻʮ֮࣬ҪҪٺ

չ˽ֿڣ֣¿ññСݵƣҲſȺ˹
ã

Ǳƹû뵽Լ뿪һѾˣǸԼŹӶ棿
µ²Ȩ֮ңСӿĪԿ˵ĵţ

ƹһĶͷˣṫҵڱͬ˵͵ˮ龹ȻŮ˱ƫƫĺܣģؼҶǸҶ䣬һññСݽˣ߶˳

ЩĵֻεññСǰԴññСݿ֮󣬹֥æûմˣÿѧſһˣվڴں˴кֻǽմȥ

ֻоͷƤһ飬һȴЩһֱ֮ͷԷͷ̧һֱȡ븹һҪϿɲˡ
Сģ
ǰѶԷ߷˳ȥµĸѸǰʽ⹫֪Ѷˣ˭Ǹͷ࣬ȭͷǰ壬˭۸ѾͷҪƴˣһǱĸ˵ײҶ¹ºֻ֣˲ýųﺰ
֥֥û°ɣ

ǸѾѹڽĹ֥ʹ㾢ȳԷӶһ£öԷʹĹʱÿճ⺰
ȥ

֥˵Ķԣӿȥ
ߴٵ˳岻ȥȻЩŮܣһʱ˴£Ǳã

ȥ
ܣȥﱨ֥˵ϴ˸ٵ£ṫ˭ճȺͿ˴ˣ¾˹ȥ
֣

֣ܹһƣǼԱһվ·˿Χˣ

ס֣
һŴ۾Ϳ˳һ˺һǱ첽ǰգӾͷ˳ȥ׺ݵһգæͷ﷢࣬ǧôּ棬û뵽ԼǱʱ򣬺ö

ͷ˿Ѫۣ֣Ĩ˿ȥ
ûˡ

ָϵѪ֣·Ļͷһǽü
ô£

ǱҲ編ƣ֥һᣬһ˦ͷǱ߻ŶޱޱڽԱ˺ţǴСӰǱƵ˽䣬Ͳˣ֥ҲûСӣȥһţŭ
ûԶס֡

Աʱ򶼱֥ԼˣͳǸҳѹס׺ӣСùϲ˾УȻ⿿Լ˿϶Դ 

ҵ˽ͻΪһܲޣ
ĸ۵ġ

֥Ҳûʰɢҵͷ˶
ˣĪӣҵԱҵ̣뽫˸

֪游˭
ǹŮһ״⣬ĵ

游˭ɶɣ
֥м
вգ֥Ӿҵģ޹ʽŴҺҵĵԱҪٸ֮޹ƻɻҪȫ⳥

ǹŮһû뵽Ǹ첻ģԼûûеģΪԼ֪ṫǺ꾫أ
мĵ
һṫûȨңǾ׸öʣһҪΥƷأ

Ů˹ݣ֥˲䶼һ䣡






93.  ı   ܽ

ܽ, ܶƶǰԵµ֪Ҫ, ʷֱ̨ڵмٹٵȨ

ʱʷ̨߳ΪʷȴǿȱʵΪʷةȨʷةҪԿɼһ㣬ΪƷȴһƷȨŵĹԱʷ̨ʷǡ

׸ãӵȨ֪, 
һСṫԵεã

Ůҵṫ, ɴ˵ȴة˼ҵŮҪ׸󰸡

ͷ, ԼλĵģЩ˼Ҿʲôʱиͣ
ٸ, ŮĪȥ

ֻǿ˺, ˺ʦүüĲԼͬ, һ찡ǹȻ̫Сˣ

֣
ʦүæǰλ󰸡
ҵվ˵ĺ棬۾һת֣ܵºվ֣Լ϶ˣ֣ºɻ, СѰԼľˣ

ղǰ֥ѾС֪Ůӵͷˣ˼һ·ô, ûӵŮ˾Ȼȥ׸󰸣ںԼںأ

֥ȸλԼ, 
ˣŮññСݵĶң⼸λҵĵԱݣҵӪҵȴһʱǰλŮǿ˽ŴӡҵԱ˸Ů
Լ»СŮȴԼñӣǾͱԼȸһġ

ֻȥˣŮǿ֮˵
ҲǸӦѸٵģ¾ͷҧһڡ

ǰһ˵
ˣʱûпˣҾЪЪͻŰƴˣλСӻ˵ЩѵҵĻŮ˭֪˭˸Ů 
ǳ֥ҪС̵ˣⷬ˵ķǳǡ 

֣²ɫĿһۣûк׺ͰӡӦǶȥˡ

ҪҵǶޱޱֻһʼϴˣԼûɫҪǸӣ

ޱޱֻͷ״֥ղˣǴʻ𿪿ڣⱻҧŻ

ȴСӿûӦȻģ
ޱޱͷڹ꣬ҹôҵ

ϡȨ֪˺ʦүɫСӾȻǳŶޱޱȥģʷة̺ܽ˵ģ

رʦүͶƽߵĺܽǰʱ˵ڸСŮˣСǸӣλȥǱˣܺʷةǵƷϹԱĪǼҹӿ˶СӱǺˣ
Ƕ󰸵ģ˼һתͲ˸˾Ųʮ

ˣ
֥ɲԵŮ˸Сùˮ´Ļ
Ůͱ˵ĶԹΣŮģԵ޹һ˸Ůһ

˺ʦүͣѾⷽ˵Լıϣʦүѯʣ
橣֥˵ʵ

һҪΥƷأ
橲޵˵

֥˼ת֪߻ݺҪԼ˽С游ΪΣǺ񻹺˵ᣬ̬
ˣҸ˴ȣҵھӪ⣬ܲ

Ҳ橵³çˣΥƷñҿ۵ģȴĳ̫ˣ֥ϵ⣬ͷ
橣ɳȶ֣

ҿû֣˲ί֣ǷˣҵҲô㣿
˵Ļȫ

⺢ӻ游ͷʹɣдʣ
ūף˫ûԱ⳥ʧ

ҰĻˣһ
橲мӵһǮӣ
Ļǲ油ϸ͵ȥ

֮Ʒ˴۽磡
֥ɲϡǵӣ
ˣŮֻҪӵʧ⳥ǰȥʧҪŮĵԱͼλΪˣЩ˵ʱԱ˲ǶپǶ٣ŮҪø˷թ

ţӦˣͷǰȥӾȷʱٲ
֥Ҫĺ˶ϰƽ

¡
橻磬洫һȣ
죡
һӶͷϺ˽ȶϵ˹ʩ
¹ټˣ⼸λСǣСŮˣһӦʧȫǳе

û˼
֥˾׸ţǻùõ۵ɵСӣҡͷ̾Ϣ
סԼŮ˵Ĳ磬̫ɱˣ
֣ºͶҵںͷֱ飬⻰˵ĵûŶ֪

ȴֻ֪ĿŹ֥
֥˵ĶԣС̫ˣ
ִֶ˭Ȣؼǵ˱ùˣѹλӿϡ

֥Сùõ֣ͷС̱֣µӰ˺棬ܻȥˣ
С̣ʲôۻؼ˵
ֹӣ֥͵ЦС̷ܲˣ˵ʵڵС̷Щģ֣ܳԼֵʮֱưˡ

Ǳߵŵ˹С֣һ·ȻĺͶҵŸŵ˶լϿͷ۵ֱϡ

ⰤĶûۣ㰥Ӵɶ
ޱޱؼԭΣĻǰǳľߣߵĵ
ڼ橿еļҹӣȥ
ȥԲԼܵⳡ

ˮŰϴ

治֪
֥ȵصСϵĸ첲Ϸţɵ

ޱޱãȻ
ҲżλӰѼ඼ҴôģŹӣ乫ӣѵ乫ӣ
˿۾һ˲Լҡͷ񶨣
乫ӱСöأҲ²

˵ʲô磬
ϾǵһӴģһ䣬
ʶִĹ𣿡

ʶ
ޱޱҡͷ˶̾ǣǸûͷ

㸸׻ȥҵļҺܲȰȰ˼ҿ˸Ȣȥʡķҧˡ
ˣԼŮˮֱ̡

ѵ
ޱޱѰ˼˰첻˼̧ͷ
С嵥䵹ҲԵϣֻһΡ

Ӧþˣ
֥ȻСùһĵı£Ѿﳤˣ۶üΪӻõԭ۾ر鶯ɣ²λӵˡ

̫ˣ
ޱޱ
оԼܵ˺

򵥵ϴ󣬹֥С̻˿ͷ䣬
С̣֣úģܻ³ɲ۶и˶ϡ

ţ
ͷ

֥֣ܵеĲɣĹ֥Լ֣æ˳

֣
֥쵽ͷſڣ˽ȥţһײһˣͷһС
ʲô

Щ죬૵
Ϊ㺰أ

ꡱ֥˸ƣͷѶյŷϣ͵СȴһѸˣ
ã֣ġ

沽Զˣͷĳ̧ۿǰΰӰ
֣նлɫҲذɣ


֣ѾЩ²⣬
ջؾ֪Եβң

˺òķһӿһ⣬
ҴųĿҶ֪˰
ûûֵģԼʲôʸȥѰˣݶϵеǣԼɲôۣ

ί˰ɣ֣¿ǿķǵӺЦ
˭˵֮Լѵ㷴ˣ
ЩҹɱٴξһҲǲİɣôԼŮӼ޸ˡ

֪ŮҸʰˡ
Ƣǿʶ
ԺȢ֮ŮҼƽգģҶϲȥģ
ʶʱǰ֮˻ǸСͷ֮ǶѲʹѾó˭겻սպԶĻ֮λԼίԼˣԺһ԰ðɡ

֣һǸ֮ˣսɱӲֻڳǰ᲻ɵˣѵõ˵
ʮǻƵգҴ֮Σ

ҵ๫Ժ檣


ҵĺܴ󣬿ָǧҵֺСֻݵһˣӡ
һ򷢺ֹ֣ûסǰŮӵ뻳
Ϊޣ𣿡

һµĹǿȥˮ޼ɵĽǰ˵ţ
ã

һӺ󣬲ʱͷĹ֥ſˣæ˹ȥ֣¿СѾͷЦ
ȥˮСϴϴɡ

֣ºͶҲģڶլò׵Ŷ룬СĿɹˣǵƵģ磬֥ſʱ֣
ȥô㸸ĸܵ𣿡

Ϻ˵ģЦ
ʦͻȥˣ˵֣أ
漦֥۶

ֻΪˣȴǱߵ˲ù֥ʵ޷˵Ի·дʽġ

дԴ¶Ŵ˼Сʹֶι幫ӣҪʷةһڻ顭
ʲôʱɫŶǴģ

ܿññС˾С۷׷ףȻ֪վԼľؼ׼£һˣ֪ĻΪޱޱڼﲻҳأ˭СƢأֻǴñ˰˿ˡ

ǰҷʱ£ߵҵĶͬ⣬ҳߣ˭Сӻδ飬ΪδԼлᣬ˭ͨѾȴԼпеСˣı㼪ȥףֻоǻ⸶һǻŭ޴й֮ŮܾŻ£ֻ̫ⷽˣú

ѾµȥĹ֥
˵ǸģֱǰһţޱޱСӣֻҪӦͰףˡ

ޱޱ΢Ķü˲չʱ׬ǮĸоǮƷǳԣ뵽ֱͨĸоͺˬ
ǧҾʹӦ

ǧ̫ˣСҿɲֹô㣡
ЦŴ˽Ҳ֪˶١

㣡
ޱޱվⱳ˵˱ε˵

֥æ˹̨߶˹һȵľջ裬Ǹ˵
ޱޱõǸģ橹ùȻֱҳȴǺҴСһ𳤴ģίʵû뵽ô񣬾ȻͨߵѾ꣬Ϊ游ةˣ
˵¶һ˿أ
˵С⣬Ҹȴޱޱ֮ˡ

֥˵һߡ㿴¶೨ͬʱһСӿû˵һԼСޱޱûⰡ˰ɣ

С壬ҿ㻹Ъ˼ɣ
ظǻװģеС峰Ц
ޱޱ㻹ǧҪ

Ŷ
һüй£
˵

ԼĻһ˵ȻƴЦ
ȻǸϲӵСԣȤĺܣ

ۣȻʩԼǴȤϳɳأôԼҪҪأ

ǿ£ֶŮԼæķϣѵõģ
һӵĴ£˻ǵΪã
ǰҲû뷨ֱԼĶģԼĸԸȥıȢŵģȻ鷢չе㳬ԤڣԼɿ֮ڡ






94.  ûд   ʮһʮת۾͵

ʮһʮת۾͵, ⼸·¹֥оһ񿴵һµС, ʱ޵СӣԼõഺ껪úúܵ䣬ȴҪӽĵڶ׶ˡ

С̣Һòް
֥ʵģӶ˾Ҫźˣû˼

ȻǺӲ֪С̿Ǽ޳ȥˣ
һûвĵ, Ůڼ, ʲôˣʲôӶ͵źһֻ벻, ûǲ˵ģڹŮһ޾ǽ , üˡ

ļױ㲻, ǵһԺӷǳ, ɽ⼸ǺƬĺܺãֻһŮδףǼױðķǳȫѹ׵Ǯһٹ, ĳĶᣬ
Сۣҵеʲô
һͷë¿ͰԼǣ, ױҲֻüСһѹǮҲΪԼ˵ģ⻰˵Աϱ, ԼʱʲôԼǼϴܵһãĸÿܰǼιͲˣŬܵļҵʱˣΣϱͲһˣԺӻ˵ѹ׵һٹǮ⼸ȫҲˣϱﲻء

⻹ǸŴմԺӺۼ⼸׬ǮɶǸŴģԺ֥ףҸܸױ
ŴнĶմ˴Ĺ⣬ǰԼĻ뵽ԼΪӣζ롣

ǻ˰ɣ֥ױԺŮҲûݸģ
ҡͷɲɵ

ѽѽǵС˵ױױ˼һẦߵ~~
֥СװСһЦϱЩ˼嵭ˣǰСӳ޺ʵ㣬ԺԼҶŮùõױʵͶˡ

Ÿͷɹ٣ƺƵӭ׶飬֣żҴȫ˶Χۣ

ԭֲã
զˣҲ֪£
ɹټǰ۴ˮ̶ֺ˾ġ
ԭע۴Ĺү
һԻ˲Ǹ߸ϵңɼĽ˽ǰرǵΧ۵˿ɲ٣һʱ˿ʼ

ӣ˾Ͷ֮ǰ˼ңµԶҹǳ֣̫ٽϲƣԼ˺öˣҲֻδ˵幫ӡ

ʮһ¾͵ˣڼҵСջ֮󣬹֥װ¿׼ˡ

ֻǾүүȴ̫ԣ֥Сù˵ƣԭԼ뿪ʮʱ侹Ȼô£ΪܿͷŻжİȻýףֹһΣ

µҵȻӦˣ
ޱޱڹ֥ǰŲӣĶԹһ㶼Ȥ
֥취ҵѻ¸ˡ

ʲôʱýˣ

ǰһΣҵˣ˭֪ˣҸûܾǺӣ幫ӾҪʽˣô죿ô죿

תͷΣ֥
Сùתˣ룡
Ьһѣ˫ϣ֧°ͳ˼鲻ԣúúۡ

ޱޱæʵһգŴ۾Ź֥ڴСԽ⡭

Ϊүү̲ŮٵˣȻҲһ׾ܾˡ

ޱޱͷʹףֻ˵Լſģһš

ôʲôòӦŻ£ʲôأ
Թ֥˽⣬ǸļֳȵŮӣ幫СùôҲù粨ȥŻжѵ幫Ǽɫ֮ˣѹˣ

֥ͷˣԼֻܲµָоԣʱһʮδ׵һǳǿˣλȲһ£

֥һޱޱĶˣ˵ŸףﻹµģֻҪײŮ٣ǱƵ̤ʵˣұƸףҾǼҲܰļҸ졭

ޱޱ˹֥ķȥ˴룬·ţıܻģµʹ֥ˡ

С̳ˣĸ״׵ڼҹ֥ηģͺͼˣ겻ھǰڵֱ̯Լ֧̯ӣϴӡ껭̫۸ˣǻ߸߶·ߣһ֣ԼЩ͹ˡ
ΪǾʮĽ裬ѾˣļҲû̯ӵȴԽԽ࣬ſѿʼ֧̯ӣ֮ľǰȫ⣬·ϳ˺öײ̯ӵˣ˵ռ·˵ͷʹְԽԽ࣬͢µĶԲߡ

ٸѸⶼ־ľ׮ͣҲ԰̯ӣֻó׮ӣߺͷǮ޶

֥̯֧˿īһ࣬մֲȫԼƾǽһңռ˰ߴܿǷ㡣

궬죬Сװıˣֿȥɫģ½ϣҲµůֺÿ

죬֥ëñռλһЩϿͻоñӵĺãСͷû챾ͷñĶЩ֯ëñսֻϧëññ򵥵Ķ࣬ñӵ٣Ķࡣ

֥ջ˵
ңëñһ㣬ëĲرһϵ֣Ѿ˻ҪҪϻ

ⶼЩʲô۹⣡֥ҧ
Ҫǿʱֺֻ֣ϻǰѾҪ⣬ҸҹĿ

İɶңĿġ
ϸ˵Ӧڲ׬ǮЩСҲŸһЩǰǮһܼ׬ǮһЩ׬Ļ࣬Ҫ֪ʱһʮھǾǸˡ

һ߹֥ȴǰҿññС׬ǮĲñṇֱ̃˼תϵ
̣ǻԱļ¼øҡ

ҵ֮ջԱʮľ͵һţĿո񰴴θӡ£æʱֻⷢԺӵľʵǼǣڻԱֶǼǵ˻Աϣ֥ƴϰеıǰĸԼCдϲܡ᯵ȣϴһʼĲھܷˡ

Աֺּ֥ʮϵһ֮ˣţȴԼʵʩһļƻˡ

ڶ죬Ȼޱޱ˵幫ӺͶżޱޱСӽ˸³䶨ֱ֥żǴе幫ӣô˵أ
һˣ
֥ۣҲʶᱣ־ˣƿԸ˼˺ϣޱޱÿƾʵǸɵе鷳
ϣ׻һϵĺá

Ҳ뷨һСٳ׶νȲ˾ǡ
ޱޱںĵǱǮ˭ĵù˭

ʱֹʮ죬ññСʱ˵һ£
ǰȥ̫밲Ȼޱޱ£˵˹ɫģҾͰ֮˵һ飬˵˶ҥˣȻԲţޱޱ¶ûҾ˵ͲýףżƾܹһΣ幫ĳϲͬ⣬Ѿˡ

֥˼һ
橹𣿡
ùǵ͹
̫Ӹأ
ֻ̫һһλˣûҵݡ
̫ӸϤĳ˵ĺɡ

֥Щʲô

׻˵һһһˣι벻ͬѡҲͬ

ʥϵĻλһЩ֪ϰӰλʺǽ̫ǰʺֻʺ缺༸λҲǳ͢س֮Ů

̫游ι飬̫һλȱ

ǸˣԼݣȥҲҪԼòҲݣҼȻòҲõ

ةͰûҲʱ䴫Щ˼һǼٵģǶСӾȻ幫ӶģǱȻ˹ɫ֪Щ֮䴫˿

橵Ĺùǵ͹ڻʺǰ˵зģ
ŶŴһŮ˼ɫ̫ӹֻˣֻһһŮĸҲϣ̫ܶ࿪֦ɢҶ

ʺҲ֪ûȥʱֻǵЦЦ̫밲ʱһ䣬
жľһλɫСӣ֪˵

̫̫Ӹȥ̽£ʱͶŴ˼Ѿؽ֮ã˿ڶվͽĸ󣬵˸ᣬó밲ʱһ䣬˴ȥĵö˼ǾôƶŮӽ̫Ӹ

鷢չصſ֥ŷ橲Ǹ֮ˣһȭ˺ܶ顣

Ƹ۵ķһǸһýδԺǸƶʵĶȥ˷ǣǵý֮µĻмˣļϸѡ

ֻǿ˶ޱޱԵ޹ʱ˷ӡ

˵橵ûô£Ͷż治һܳɣȻͨһϵв֥ѾʶڱصãɶҲǸɵġ

ȻӢͬ

Ͷޱޱ׺󣬸͵ׯϽһݴһ첼һϣдǧл






95.     ĺֽ

ĺֽĺͻȺһ, ЩññСݹС˵ֽ껭Աƴ֮ŽߵĲ١

īīֽ, īתĺܶ࣬ܶ˻Ϊ̯ҵأֽס˽ţ⼸ԽԽ𣬴ڼҼҴϾͰЩдĺõĳûҲչʾһ

ʩͿСѾͷæǾֽǾ껭ģίʵ̯ǰפ, 
֥, æ˹һˡ

ϣŲ, Ϲ
֥ǰһ˴ߺͽīЦ, 
Ų, һΪأⶼʮ, Ǵھ𣿡

ھ꣬
ʩȻڵЦҡͷ
ڵᰶԺżһ, Ƿ˳磬߰ܵң㻹ʲôҪ𣿡

ûɶҪ, ǱߺöǶ࣬·;ңԶɱ̫ˣ㡣
֥ҡͷ, ǰǺܺõĺкüһԼֻ׬С˾Ϣˣ粻ء

СѾͷĽʩﻹͦõģ
ȥҰ嵶ֽһţǵؽ⼸ֽ˼ҲˣҹҺֽɫЩĿҵ󼪵ڻûôɫһȥҲǿմЩȥŵ

ԼȻȥ֥˷ܰºСƴӺŵԼԺߴѰ˼ֽɫƣٰЩͺˣǲˢֽӡҲԼõİֽ˰

Ȼд뷨ĲֹһˣëֽΪʩ˵һͰɽҰӿ϶ֻֽһ֣ߵǵͶ·ߣЩֽ껭ȥüϹĥһ£ٳЩֽͺˣ˻ؽϴĸʽֽɲ١
***
۵ññСݽھǵСм׻мӴСԼǰղգ֥Щӻģ׬˼Ǯ˻鷳ΪԺļƻرõˣ˵ǰ棬
Ҫÿ³ʮµˣǺ죬ԺеֹǿԴؼ

õġ
λСӸ˼ˣǶǸľ񣬼ӶûôͣññСҲǴųԶ⣬ññСݱԽԽ˽ֵﲻпͣö˼ҵСӶһӻҪöˡ

ҪľᣬɫС
һСӰԼеĶǫ̃ǰʮǮһſƬ

ǮƷϵİɫֽ˺һ룬ǻԱһСӡ£һݻˣ˵
СññСݵϿͻˣƳһϿͻĻֻҪʮϵͼ£ڶʮġʮվͿȡһݽƷʮΡʮεĽƷͬ⿨ۻ콱㣬ǵĻԱ¼

֪ʲôƷ㿴ۼƴﵽʮˣ֪ܻʲô
⻹ǸññСر˼ľĽƷʵʵڵĺö׵ĽƷڴأ

֥ʱ˰ԼҵĻʮΡʮۼƣʮģͰѴϲζˮһ
ʮεʱëִ

ʮϵĵĻԱֻһ֥λСӺ󣬻ع̨һҴδñӶĿ
ɫëձñǱƳ¿лλСӶԱ֧֣ڴ˽ⶥñף˵ͷ顣

***
¶ʮ֥ͻ˼ң˹Сʯͷ˵߹ֳģЦŵ
û

㣡
СʯͷЦĻ˵ǺҲֻᵥģڿĺӡ

ׯˣ·˲٣еϷӷµģеĸɴּµģһ̫ϡپǼҼҶͷԣˡ

Ҽɵĸ˶׬ǮׯȶĻԴء

һֱȶֽĻÿҲȶʽЩʽЩܵ࣬һøֲϷ쳤̴ϸһĲӣƽźõ˽ˣëñǼ֯ëµĸ˽ˡ

֥ˣҼҶյ֪ͨǰȥǮĶմﶼȺ׼߰˰ˣǰ˵ĸǶûпֵģеĶӶеӣеĶ⡭
㿴ǿģҼˣɶȱ
վſƴŲա

֪ҶУⲻǵ˴һųʡЩ˶ģܿͰѳϼһȥҳԹԵİԼճŵȥˡ

̯˱һ˶˶ˣֻܸǮͺˣÿһǶԵľ͵ͷ

ЪλɩӿɲЪ
֥Ա
ʮҪߵģ

֪֪³ʮǾ͸ͻ
Щ˶ֺǺǵЦţǮԺû֪ɼæء

׶ģëëǣŸջ·ں棬ȽСʯͷڿ˿ͿСӵɩңһһ߿ӣ棬˻ܵõգ֥ܵݰѶĹǮȡ˹
ģ

˾С
ֱװɰܹҪǮﱧ˱ѿϵļмһƣԼ棬 
ɩϱ˵ҪҪʾһ¡

ԭڹݵСƣ͸ӵСѸۣ̫Զˣֻܽһͷ죬ʹȥһ˹ݣɰѻ¼򵥵İˣ˵λ겻ȥˣ׼⸽Ѱطӡ

Ҳڳأ
⼸Ҳڷѣ
һǽǰЩɩӵ͵ˣֱӴ˻ɼЩһʲҲ֪ĸòõģ˾˷ˡ

֥ëëԵģǴӾĴݵģװ˹ݵģʱһݳԵëë˵
Щûȥԣһ첻ܶԣԶ˳ӻݶԵ

ţ
ĵ̫óˣԵëëڲֻ֪ͷ

˳ѸүүҲװ̸֥۾̧ͷС
ɶΪѵģǮаķ̿϶ʰˣǲҪǸǮʲôá

ⲻˣһҳģ൱ʵˣ
ϣɼҵǸӵģȻǶԲˣ
̾Ҳ̾
ϣɣ

ڶ֥ӹЦ͵һ˫Ь΢΢͹СӣⶼԻˣ˰ɣɵףӵҲԵϡ

Ͽɲ֪ŮԽתɶȻɡ

ϹȻɵķӶʰˣϱǲģɿڴӵķû˵ʲôԼĹǸӣͺ죬ˡ

һȢһټޣ˭Ҳ˭ԺļҾ߶úõģҲûĻĵޱ˼ʳ̴ð̣Ӿôɡ

ת۵˳壬Ӣһׯ֥ѱԼ䣬
ãҾ㲻һ쵽廨Ƕ۾ã

ɶҰæֱ˵ɣ
쿴ǼʵֱӲ𴩵

иƻҪİæ

˹֥Ĵƻ۾ģ
ۣãҰҰ
***
ʮ֥ӻ̣ʯЦ˶ǡññСݡǺһЦѧֻдƶѡ

ѾͷĻ壬㶼߰ɡ
ʯѶϰø֥ϣλСӱɶҪˡ

ȻֱǶԵģ֥ЩСĻһһǳ⣬һõĵ滭ˮƽ͵Ҫռһ룬뵱ʦģǾ뵽ð취乫ƽʱϰĻҪ˹
㷴ҲҪӵģϰ̵á

ʱʯ˶ĿСѾͷǲаϰҲǺֵĺðɣ˭ӾȻûԥľʹӦˣʱԼˣͷȻ˵
ЩϰұʹӲˣϰ棬Ҳмֵ

ȻԼˣ˵뷨ˣرʲô˼ӣҪҲո֣

֥ӦˣæİԼúõĺֽóڵϣʯڰϰ˵һһֵдɵĵͷԼд治

ʮ壬˳ӿһññСݴӭչһ조ññĻ





96.  Ӧ   ֥ҷ

֥ҷ, ֻٰһԱɽַѡñװѡ

һ£ɫȻ, һȺСӴԼƵĸɫñڽ䣬͵ˣϾӿʱѾ˶ñ󲻸ߣǴͲһˣҪסʱԱǮµĿɲС

ññСݴһŲɫñӻŻϾһĲñ, ǸɫĻ׺, ǳۣڻԱһŴʾ

ññ³£

ññ⣺
ҫ, 绪ñ

֯ߣ
ññС

ʸ
δԡƽΪģԡ˵δгΪԭ, ʮʮС, ÿһʱñ, Сɫʽޡ

Ʒã
һȽһ  һǧ  衮֤֡
Ƚ  衮ˡ ֤
Ƚ  һ  衮С֡ ֤

֥ͭģ⽱Լɳ𣬻ϹأȽȽ༸Ʋμӵ˻, ûûƷǮʵڣӻԾμӡ

ʱ䰲, ȷʽ
ʮˣͶƱͱ֮ʿศ

Ĵ˳ȥƹǮ̨Ա߰һ۵õĺֽ, 뺯ɫĴ֡

֥ǸݻԱд뺯ΪҪһд鷳ֻ׼һʮݵģÿ뺯ϻֱţȵͲƷʱΪ˹ƽֻдţٸݱеǼǲԱôΪĿǰԱǼǵֺܶѾ֣Աȷ

³ʮǸӾ½ʼӪҵˣԪǸҪĽգƻʮһֱʮͳʳģ˵ģññСݺˮţΪͷţҶʮµķһãһžЩϿͻǰ

ǮϾͻֱߵ뺯һݸˣ
ҲǸɵСӣǵڴƳһͻûȤԡ

дĴƹܸܲʾñӵҪʲô

ù֥ʱ˶һЩ򵥵Ľ⣬
ߺܶ·ӣҼ򵥾ӣ
һñְԱ߹ڼϵľƷ˼
ǿñӷǳļ򵥣ǿЩװΣ֮ģֻҪĺÿôڡ

ʱװС۾һᰡ

֥ñӷŻñϣȡһŷεĺֽ
һ־ǱĲˣ㿴һͨĺֽҰôһۣ
˵Ĺһ򵥵ñӣ˿ԲñӼһţ
ñӵʽ̶ֲôڣֻҪÿУѡñӲܵòýֻҪҿпģñӿ͵

ʮ죬뺯ͷ˶ʮţǵӵĿ

ññСݵʵԱ󲿷ǼҾʵ֮ŮǻԱϵǼǵĺܶѾ֣һ뺯ûؼҸԼСӿ
СӣññСҪбûȤ

ʲô
廨Ĺ˾еܸȤĽӹ뺯뺯ûдֻ֣Ǽ򵥵ññСҪٰ촴ĳĳĳЯƷǰμӣֹڡ
֪˵

ññСαƳ»һ˿ñܣۼʮһ
С뿴ѴñܷŵϣñôתŰŪܷ㣬һ鲼õĻñӡ

ҿ
ññСݵĹ˾국ĳѾ˵ģɴԼһ˿ʾǰΧһ˲˵涼û׬Ǯˡ

Цݲ䣬
ǶΪǷʦģ㿴˿⻬ûκẹ̈滹һ鲼ЩǮǮҪ٣Сӿ˴һ

Ԫһ⿴Ƶ˺ܶ࣬ññСҪһϢͲֶߣ˶డ

ʮһ磬ϴŰͿʾǰѾΧˣǼڶŸʾָָ㣬ҡһЩظ֮ڱŰɣŮ˴ŲŲģв

һãСĴͷ
жǰľʱСģľλƵģЩĽӣ
үСģ
һĻǰľ˹ȥһ׳Ļǰסλү

ס˿ľߵĻֽϵľ壬
ľҾˣӲ׼еĽ

ûˣҰͽȥɡ
Ụɢܰζӣȥ࿴ۡ

òãжװĶϰˡ
˹ľ壬ⲻϲʶķҪ϶ġ

ǻε֣վſ˼ۣõģм˼СԲ;ɼ򵥵ӣоͺ⡣

ǻͷʾǰӵ
ףƹĲýֻܿȷñΪһЩС

ӵͷʾףʲôǲȤָŸʾ
ͦ˼ģͷȥԣ֪ôʾҾЩס

Χյ뺯ĸҼҳ֪ⴴӦͬ
⽱Ȳ˵ŸһܺõʱԺ˵Ҳó˵һĸЩӺúðһѣ

ֵ֧ȻзԵģ
ΪǸ͵ģȴû뵽˲ãۼŮȥ汻ָָ㣬ĳȥ֣
һλִĸס

¶棬չʾֻñӺͱţû֪ġ
Ů͵

ҲУñڱͷ㣬㱻ָʲô𡣡
ײΪͬ⡣

СӣҪȥūܲȥȻ뺯ûǵһ᲻
СѾ֪뺯϶бŵģȱ˾̫ϧˡ

Ҫֱȥɣñӻ
Сӻոֵġ

ʮˣññСͷܶ
ƹģұ㣬ҲμӴ
Ǹǰⳡֻ뱾ĻԱ
Ǹľܾ˵ԻԱĻ

ھ𣿡
Եģ
취û˾ܾ

һжԤƻܷ뺯һھˣ
ô죬ϻԱʮûأ
ǮˣֻǵǼʱ˳

һд뺯ǣѵĽô¿ͻܲܰǮưɣ
ϲ˵˵ײ˵ԱҲˣֻȶһأ

֦ɲ֪Լ뿪һ뺯ͱˡ

һ͸״ųЩɵۣ仯е󰡣

߸ߵ¥ӣֲԾ˵ʥ״ͣ¥һķݣʱ˳룬⻹û¾Ϳʼæµˣ

¿ֱӽ˴ţ
簡
Ǵִڵľʿк

ߴ˵𣿡
ߴ˵ոսȥ

ܴ󣬲¿Ҫߺþã֦ڳǰ濴Χָ
Ǳķǿⷿڶŵģ⼸ڰϵĴʮտʼţΧС׷ʵĲ٣дãҪһֱæˡ

¿ͣרŸЩ¿ιϰǣ˹ȥߺԶԶȥһŵĶһˣ֥Ȼ˺ܶŮͺӣЩȣ
ôмҾڵģ

ٽڴ˳פ͢פʿɾͽֵأҲΪ˽Щ

治֥Ŀ

Ǳ߸ߴȻڵֱкһڹԱ

ȥ򣬽غӻһƬسڶѾˣˮ٣پʿѾڿˣееⵣӻǳǲŶ

ϵܣ㿴ǹҪĸӣľͷģģմɵģֵá 

Ǳ߲¶ѵļûǰ鿴ǿӴӿӵбϼߵʵ
ǻûǰץӣЩ

ˣ
ߴ˿Цҡͷ
ЩһҴȥƷˣȥҪֻЩӾͰҴ򷢳ˣ˵¸ٸң֤ãѾˣ






97.     һǰ˵

һǰ˵,  
ڹ֥䲻٣ںʳҲǲĹ, Ǹߴһδȥָ㣬ͺƤҪ˸ʵͷһȥһεҲͷ׻˵Щôߣ
ɶôߣûи׵İæҲ˶೤ʱ䣬һҪ볤÷չȥֻ֪ϱɶã
֥ķ

Ҳûиõķ˰
Ͷũ²ó, ͷʹ, ǸĵˣǮƸоֶ̰

˭˵ģ
ָ֥ԼŽʵڴ˵, 
ۼҲǻз𣿡

׷ϣЩˮʶõ˵, ڵĵ׷ʸʱ, ũ, һֱû£Ůôһ˵ʶҲǷϰˣַϿɲʺ

Ľǣְܶũ鿪ʼѧϰ, Щʱ˵ũԼֻ֪ﳣֵׯڣЩ֮ʿȻǷȱ, ÿֵũ飬һѧȥղܣԭƼ򵥵ũ¾Ȼô, ֲ֮졢֮ŮͷһҪĶҳ˹֥ˡϡѧˡ

鷢ˣ֥ȥ˼չޣѻһ·ϣһİᵽſڣϸСĿϵȡﱻ򿪺󣬴ȡĲ˲緢˻桭

ߴǼıǾŵģȷӦǣ
ǹ𣡡

ߵĸߴˣ򿪹ӣ
뿴˿˵Ǿɢġ

ߴ˴չһչЩˮɵĳ
˼ǣ

̫Ĳʯ̿Ҿֻʻһá

һСնãܴ𣿡

ǵԣ

ߴ˲Ͼڳռв쵼Ҫ౾Сչ޵Уȶ˼ոס

̫˶̵ʱʮݣһɲŻ¾һһڽϾ˼߽پǳݹӦͱůսĽʿʿ磬Ǹʳû

ܼ򵥵ĵ˭й˭˵͹ãߴ˵౾ܿͻ׼ˡ

ֻǰڶղöŵȵ

ʵ̫ˣӱСͷϱѵʯ֪˵³дƬʯһһԴԴ϶
һߵʯ̿ҲѵģⶼҪǮģշϣǵʡǮߴ˾˱ס
񴺾ʱãԴԴϵĻܹʣһǺõġ

֥վڱϴܣλֻʵ룬Ǵ߶ϣŮȥӣʱ¹õĹģ֮»ͭʤһ

Աȹȹ֥õĶ࣬
ǰɣ
֥ڸ
̫ͭˡ

ߴҲ˹ȻҲӣбǣ
Ҫʱܼ򵥵Ŀؾͺˡ

֥ԼѾҹͭʦص˵ˣ
ʦǸصãֻҵ̫ͭϸûװõֹϵǿԵġ
ԭʦѷˣ֥ûֻΪֻ̫ԼСչװͭܶѹģʦҲΣ̫СⵥӾû׳ɹⷧűʦ˱𴦣֥;ЩǸ⣬һӦҪСֻոǮ

ߴʦֺסַ
ȻȥùǰȥݷãǾôط˵ûأ

س̵¿ϣ֥͸죬
ʯûĿʯҲأΪʲôеĵزׯڣеĵȴ𵽵أǳ˵ʲôأ
иж׿϶Լ𰸣÷ʷмǧ꣬˭뵽ѧ仯أ

¿Ĭԣ֥ʴӱҲϲŮÿŮʵʱźϧǸŮˣΪжöðҪȥԼţڣھԼġ

***
֥ڶȥӣž˵뺯ȥˣ
ȥ˾ͺãһʮλߣʱѹһҲܰ¡
һ飬ǵϻԱʮû뺯ô죿

ô죿
°ĻԱ׼ٷ뺯Ը˵ǲμӡ

Ժϵɷÿ飬ԺϵŮˣⷿķ俿ǽһŶǻܣﶼѵģ⼸ۿûô»

֥ú˺ֽд뺯һֽܴдСҲõĳˣܰ漱ٵԵĸ

˭
请еĲˣźĽȥ

Ƕ𣿡
л⽹ĺ

ϤʹţⲻλŹӵĻ
æأԵȣ
֥Լģëʼһ飬첽ţ˭һ
磿Ƕң

С̫ˣ
лһ˵Ĳ˰Ѷͷϵĺ
ȥȰȰӣôȰֵСȥæ

֥¾ͻͷ˵
ҳȥ˵һ

СŸлĴ󲽣֥ʵ
ʲô£

Ʒ¥
Ʒ¥ﻹ治Զлһ·˵˵

֪ԼҲӵ˱ƹֽźƹֻ˴ӣ¾ͷȥϼȴ˵ֵ˾ȥϣؾǶ෽̽ǰЩҵˡ

żǲׯ뿴ĺƣƹ׬ǮԼ˰ɣ̫ˣʵڲׯƷ¥˸λӣ˵С
С磬ǶĲׯλúܺãҿλ֪Ӷ˭

ˣ
Сϧ
ǰ˵Ǳһλ˵ȥǰ⻧ˣǷ˾Լׯſҵûأ

֪ļҵķˣ
ʵԼҲȥѣȴǵСϴЩЦ
ʲôˣЩҰˣŵ̫̫ףӵùЩ˵۾

ȻǱƹĺ˵пܣϾƹҲ˺ö꣬еġ

չ꣬ӼĲʿǻڷż٣ͬҲ湻ˣȥѰ֥ҪôҪôæû׵ˣѧŹ֥˵Ŀﰵģ
ãǶ˵þͰ˴أ
˵Ϊչ꣬ҼҶ£嵭

һ죬죬ǲ¥СҲˣֻΪأǶҸ½ӣĵǰָˣ
Źӣλ˾ǶңҪȥʣ

ʦĲյ飬ʱ̣ȴĵ÷ЩȻ֪ġ

û쳣ֻſڣûƹľ˶ҳţ˽ӡ
ӣƹʱ٣˵ҲʲôתůʱСſһۣǶ˵Ҳ㡣

Ҳã

ʦһɣ˭֪絽ññСû֥ǰЩ¥˵񫣬ת˲¥ˡ

ǲ˸˦ĸʾȻǶҾżˣڽӽʱֽӡ

һӲˮԼϲ˵뿪ˣҲ׼ؼҳԷȴ俴һ̨ͣǰվ






98.     ֥ϵƷ¥ʱ

֥ϵƷ¥ʱ, 밲ȵϣ˿л˵ƴ, Цһٲ豭
æ˺ȱѡ

֥ɵĿһۣһƭԼģǺõ

ǰһбżǲׯһطǰ治ǸׯԼֻ֣ʱ̽ù⸽ļɶ, ļǮļֻǿأ

лûƭԼ, ֻû뵽СӾȻסˣԼĿ࿴, ¼Ц
ֱ˵ҺȲĻܾõÿƣ

ƣ
﷢, ҿûÿ, ֻ˲ĳ嶯ʦȻȥԼ, ޲
ҾҪѧˣûˣ˵Ҫ촴, ûҰæĵط

Ⱥȱ˵
֥˹ĵȲɫĴбĲׯǰֻһС, 뿪ˣ벻ΪԼ˰ɣ

ԼҲʱһųŰֲò, ŨصϢԳ˲ׯŵ˸ھƹݣ֥һԱߴ˼һۣ۾ĸףüε˸ס

ʱ˼ĥ˳Ҳֻ˰ɡ

ʱӴӾƹΧ뿪ˣ֥ͷҪ˽飬ȫԵй

䣬豭Ĳܿڣ֥豭һ
Һˣпм뺯Ҫ˰д

ܵ˴Ӳ¥ĺ뿪·ͷʱһǺһӲˮ¥ĵĶ˵ɲ

һ·޻ֱññСݺԺ뿴˰Ϲ֥дһ뺯Լ¾͸Ϲȥ˰ɣʼд֥ŵ˳ʼһͲһ˭̫á

дְͷɢȥˣһдһ۾΢ƣ
ղŭɶû뵽׻һ˲ȥɱǸˣʸΪʲôҪô

֥û˵Ȼ˵ķӦĸףǨŭֻǸˡ

ʦסңպ޹ȻˣùֵǸף
ڹ֥ǰû˿˵Լ飬
һֱΪĸƣŴγЦЩСͨͬû뵽ԼҲûõȥһ뵽ĸ׻ڹҾûģ

ô죿
֥ʵ

һңʼһ뵽ҳ󲻿뵱ĸ׵Ҵֵĺ֪ĸһʱܲˣҲ֪ôˣ
üͷķŭĸ֪ôûôС

Ǹɵӣ֥̾ɲ̫̫ԷĶһ֪κ
ĸǸʲô˵˵𣿡

ĸ׷ǳּе
ΪӣĸȻõģ
Ҹ׼ҵײʵһʼٺ»ߣȫĸޣôҼҲûˣܵǮȥðׯðأֵܶȥҴ˸ԺӣǮˣҴܵʮӶҪ˹ȥ˵ǸԺӣЩԺֱд˴֣ʱһʮ͸Ҵ硭
˵뻹û˵ʱԼôĽ磬ԼҲжʮˣʱԼԺӰ

֥Щˣλ̫̫Ǹڼּ֮ˣȷʵҲˣŴְƷܹԱٺ»ɲ͵ģ̫̫һֱֺܽŴ˶ҪͷǮֻˣôŮ˶˵ı仯οرǸղ˵ģȥԺֱд֣Ȼڷʲô
ĸδز֪ҵ飬ôһˣ

ܣ֪Ϊʲô˽źţҸӰҸˣ
ҡͷš

˭ҿ㷢أӻؼһǸлĵģǵķˮµ㶾ǲǷʤ統֪
֥һЦ
˰ֻΪӵұŮ˶ԼĺӶԼľֵܻమأںһĸĲŽֵܣοΪ˼ҲɱֵıȱȽǡ

ô᣿
ſڽ࣬ôµЩҵĶôģ

˵Сʱ˰𣿲Сû˶𣿡
ͷ˶֪ȴ֪֥¸

֥ô棬һЦ
˵þ㸸Ҹɵģ

ܣ
ѵĵôԽԽأԼѰһ仯ĸ֮ʱĪա

ſվſͷ﷭С̫ʶˣŮ˹Ȼ̫ˣ٣

˵˳ֱ֥ȰŵģԽҲת䣬ؼҺֱҵĸס

̫̫ѾڷԾᷢôصķһ첱Ӻۣÿ³òɿɿ졣

ĸףл˵

ȥɡ
̫̫ӵ

ͷϷţĸԱߣ
ĸףҽйʱȻһżǲׯƹƹҴһ˵ſŵģұΪļұŪˣ˭ȴһˡ

̫̫һͷȴûֻͣǵʵ
˭ˣ

˸׽ǲׯ
˵СĹ۲ĸ׵ɫ 

̫̫ľŵױϻžԼ񽥽޿ն˻֮У
Ѿ˰ɣ˸Ҵ˵㸸ң
ʱջϢʱоĿʹ
ʱӼ飬㻹СçײҼңҲ˽ӽžͽţҷʵ޷ܼһϲŮˣǱ˸ŮһԥԥҾԵ֪ˡ

״û𣿡
뻹ǲŸ׾Ȼôһڷ綼¶

ǰ֪֪ˡ
̫̫ν˵
ֻ֪ҵӣˡ
Ȼ˻Ҫһ㣬̫̫ߣµԼµΣ˽

ĸף֪ŮǺͷ

̫̫׶ӵ˼ΪԼͷأ

վתǰԼߵĶǳοʲôԼӲĵ֪ĵĸ֪Լӿʼˣ
˵Ůͷɲ򵥡
Լ֪ļЩ˵˵

ô˵ǰ˰㻹µ֣
뾹ȻƽĽˣǰ澪Źˣʱûκβ

̫̫̾
ҲЩûԭ֮һֻ֪˼Ѱ޹илɣǴγһֱûץףܾò򵥣Ҵ涼ǿУ˭֪ʲôͷλô㸸ס

һ㶼ɵ𣿡
ԺŮӵӰ֮ŮŮӣŮŮӸһ˵ĸо

˼ɫĻǿԣ˵ҲǶ񶾵Ǹ
̫̫ߵ

ҹշתߣڶմ飬żǰõĹδʱȥһʵֻ̰涨ѣˡ

֥ڶżǲׯ˵ҲϴۣΪһб˾ռοϴŲԼһ̽أ

ƹģ˵Ҳд۵ģȫ𣿡

ƹһžͺ飬Լ˵ǺᵭɶҾż˼ƥӱ˳
һƥֻҪᣬһƥġ

Ǯȷʵˣ֥û뵽ֱ׵ı˦Լ߹ƹľӪֶΣ

֥²Լеļƥɫģ
Ұϣ
ⷿñӵĲõĲˣЩȥϡ

λСӺ۹⣡
һ٬֥ͷüͷһ
л佱





99.  ﱸ   ǰ֮ò

ǰ֮ò, һӡüĿ, ֻΪЦƻĿ̫ˣ֥ţḡΪǣǿϧò

Сô಼ϿҪ͵ϣ
ǹȻһЦɲ֪ǰСѾͷԼͽ֮óԼһΪЦ

ǶҰʧʧ
֥۾ϵ¶˾飬˭˵ǸŮСôôװ

ҵҵǼõӣֳûֶ, Сô಼, ˸͵Σ

֥˿Ϊ
鷳, 
תӳǱǽǶŵһСһ֣
ţ, Ұ

ǽǴСӿϴ˹, ԴСӿ, ЩӰ͸ܸɶģʱ֥һָ֪͵°ѹ̨ƥһСˡ

֥Ͽ, ԼųӣȻûŮˣļ, λȻŲݰЩȴ˳λõңͼɶ֪Ժѧʿӽܰʥگ, ռ˸ʵʵȨûɶˮ;Ŵƽƭɣ

ȴЩƫˣԺѧʿǰְû󣬵ʥϿȡʿнʿĶһʱûôְţʥϾͰȰŵԺɣΪ˵ĵһվԺѾķ

֥뿪ǹɫתƹֵ
⿿ʲôã˵ıˣЩĳ㿴ûѧһññСݵĳ齱

һϹָɶƹðϻЦĴ飬
֪׼ԺƷ

֥ɲ֪Լҵĳ齱ѧˣ˲ׯѸתһ飬λֻ˵ǰֲ޲ׯ֪г̭ѡӵĶûиӪġ

Թ֥ǰľһµҵӶȵȵãǹһʱͻﾺ棬ʺϵӻջ˽ֱ֣ʺλõȶ

ֽѾʮˣӦöˣղһǲׯŵһɾζǰƵģ㲻ûɶɫĲׯ᲻ˮ

¸¸
֥͵Цţչһ䣬һ¿ëӣëëߡëձȵȡ

Ϊǰëͻ𣬱ֻڽëӲƴᵽ۵λá

ϢԽԽأֻһʱ䣬ëëͿʼʹˣڿУҸֿʼ֯ıëˣë⾹ȱҵĶã֥еñ˽ȵˣԼӿںĽ۸ս͸ܿˡ

ƹģҪëձûУ

˵ˣ
ƹĶϤĺܣк
һƥȫҪģ⣿

һɫëձ֥򿪺Ժ񱡶ȣζĵͷ
ֹʵҪˣëһõĸҿ

ھӵģƹĵȻǺûȸˣӺһëϸ
ǰӹëϵȻ

͵ȥŵƹҪǮ
ëձëˣ֥ղ˲ϣͻٽˡ

ƹĴСȥͻ֥ȴûȥֱſڹšӵ̣ġվſڶܸܵʼˡ

ʦҪĵƬ𣿡
֥ӳԺʵ

ˣԵȣ
ϵ֥ͣͿЩʱ´ɲǸʡͳַѸôŷѾģĲ˵ڻ¯Աŷ䣬¯ﻹ鷺顣

ŴĲˣʦǯӰѲ˵õǰһ飬ӵԱߵˮΧȹ˰ѺŹ֥Ц
ȥ˵һأ㵹ˣ

ҳ˳·һ
֥Žǰͱ𴦾µĻһӴŴζǼ˵ȵȸֵǽϣȻλڴ򵶵ʦ

ʦǮĹ̨棬ӳóһ̨̯ϣ
Сⲻ
һǳСĳεƬ˫мף֥Լͷǰһ£
ˢ
Ʈ棬ĵͷ
ëϷǮ

ʦСѾͷһĿԼ˺þöû˫浶Ƭʲôãͷİɣ
һġ
ʦ

֥ǮͳõһģѵƬ÷ŵʵ
ʦ˿ܺã

ǸҪٵȵȣҪ˿ĵ
Űţֵܴţ˿Բĳɹ飬ʦ֥ܴܲ˿ûܾǻⵥ治ӣ˭Ѿͷţֵأһ԰ɡ

ȡ˵Ƭ֥ññСȥһӾ;ϲĺ
С̣

ҲǸսţͷܹЦ
ղŻ쵽ģ

ʮģһԪڵ֣ô̷ļ˶ദ𣿡
֥ĵʵСھǳ׵ģһ׾æ߶ֱżٲŻ֣ϼȥס˰¡

ǱߺǼϰ߶࣬ɩܺãССҲͦġ
żҵӦģׯ˼ҵʳģйͬ⣬Ǹˬӣ׼ĺܵż˶⡣

Ǿͺã
֥ͦĵģ˵ʵڵģС̼޸֣Լʣ˳ֻ֣࣬·˵ѡ

Ҳûɶ£絽ҼҳԷɡ
û˽֥ȥԼ棬ԼԺף֥æĽŲմأҲֻȥγԸߣþûú˵˵ˡ

а
֥Ժ綼ĸŮĻԷ¾Ӧ

֥С̼ҼС-֣ɣһǳɵСŮﱧһë򣬹ԹԵſڳԼſڵĶ˹
ɩˡ

ԲԲĴ۾ţ棬
ÿɰС
֥ﾪֻǿСѾͷŵЩͣĽŲԶҽܵ
ã֥ɩ
Ⱳù֥ΣĹụ̫̀ˣҲһŵõģ

ղϣСѾ߹֥λϼҰСӴ˹
ҹʱС˾ţǰͦõСѾͷͱĵСҼˣ˭һȥ¾ͰҺ棬ڷҲ£Ͱ棬ϣ浨Ӵ㡣

֥ǵ׽̵ģ֣ɰ֯ë£ʹë֣
ֿ̣ɣëҶ֯أܽ̽𣿡

СﱻЩߣСС
ҲǲŸɩѧģˡ

ȿֱһֱֺæûѧ
֥ĿѯĿǺᡣ

֯㿴

ǰ֥͵ſڵСЦ
С̸̣ҳ棬涼Ůӹϲġ

ţ
Ӧ
ѰŮʶ廨㿴һ˵Ļܼġ

ϣ֥еʧ䣬С̳ˣԺӾżΪˣٹһޣԼλֵŲˡ

Ӻ󣬹֥Ĩָֻ˶־ӻϰԼĹӰ˳鱡ľ壬̿滭ߣóԼĿ̵Ӵӿʼ

¿ˣһĻľ졣

ۣÿ
һññСݵ۾ˡȻ󲿷ֻίʵ벻һʽİ

ԺŮԼŻɣ
ǸļƹĻ߶ίҪ˻ø׳档

˵븽ӵƹûɶΪѵģ 
ȿ㶼׼˭ͷõš

ľŹ֥ĺǴǺϣ۴ɹ°ͣԼ°ϵĺӣ˵ԼӵǺÿ磬ֻκ̫鷳ѡ

ҵأ
濴˵صԺϤİ˾






100.  ί   ʱ˴మ

ʱ˴మ, аĵȻҲвģľΪľԭͲ, ҲͷεĸɾһȦӸ޼һ£춼ϰˣʱɾĸ˺öడ

ŮĲľﰵϲ˭뿴ЩҲʮ꣬ʱ뵶֡

үүԼϹ, ͷýʦٴƬ, ؼõģ
֥ۼ֤Լ뵶Ч, ͦģүүϲûõװ, °뵶ûһֵô, ԼԼǷȱ, 
Ҫ⻬ƤиֱãүүؼҶѣͷҰҲµġ

֥Ҳ, ľ̫ϲˣԥľʹӦˣ
, ߰ɣҼȥүүǵ֮ǰȰԺʰʰҪȥľϡ

үү
֥ɻ

ԭľǰð˸Ժ, ľ׬˲ǮӵβȣοǷ˾ǼۣģСаɡ

ȥŹ֥ʰӵʱ˸ͷһϢ˹ȥ˶һһСԺ֣ǰû⣬ΪͦģһԺҲƫ䶫᷿һסܿżɻ߽ס˷ѣڲþˣľ
ҪסǸԺӣ׼ھ

үүǸţܵҪͻүүһȻһȥæʰʰԺӡ
˵

ǰԺû͸˵ӵûϾģȥ

ɷּŶþôݼҵ֪ǼСĵܵжĽ˼Ҳžˡ

Ժת֮ǰҾסģ򵽸ԺӲųСԺӣҵסլҲľԭ֮һľ϶óԺסҲҪ𣬾͵ſˡ

Ѿ˼ҾߣõʱľһӦһʲöڹ֥˼ľ˼ŴһΣԼס⣬ҪҾߵġ

ΪƵԭ򣬾ǵĵˮλܸߣסҼҶоҡžꤴ˼ͰˮľŴɨÿ󿪴ϵɨ֥ĨϸµĲϴ

˱˵ޣ²Ҫʲô

տյķӴɨܿģǴɨɾС¯ϵˮҲտˣĸΧǰЪϢȲʱűˡ

磬ȿɹģҸϲǾ͵ˡ
ľЦż󿪴ӭӴӡ

ɰţϽţͦԺӵ

ǰҲ򵥣Űµļһʲðһװȫ˹

̫лүүʹˣú͹֥ˣ
ϱһţĵл

֥ЦҲ΢Ц
һӦõӦõģ

ĶϣһͥΪ˴ؼǿŮˣڻ꼸δ򽻵ǷϻУôʱӦȢţλǸģ

˵ҲǸģųײһɷ͵òˣŶǲ֮ˣۻģƫƫΪͷסҹЩ͸ɵ֮ģɶġ

ǰǷģʱյҪȢѸʱж๣֪ŶȥɰģһͨȰ˵
Ȣ޵Ȣͣǰϱʲô㻹ûǰǸڿܸɵģִϻۣըرóԣȢ˼һһϷء

۹۲˼죬⡣

ǱżҹȻϷ˸ļޣʱ¹Ѹм̳ȨģŮعѸ˻򱻱Ẕֶ́ӣżұŸļޣⰲ̫һܸɵͣżҴɼٸϳȥļޣʱļŶûС

ֲǸ溩ɵģɳĸ߸׳׳ͺ˳ۣ֪ҲФ룬˭˸˪Ƶľ̾һȥʹĴ£ܲ

ʹ˼ҵˣ
ҳʮǮͰϸ׼ң

ǱǮܿͰŮ˼ң˻飬ֻʮǮԼˣɸɵ׻˲׼ؼҡ

ɵĻ̫ӣĳסվǱѰ޹֮Ͷ˱ͷ
ҺϱˣըӵͷǮѰӡ

ûпľһⷹǵСŵӽţһͰһͰ׷˳Եıġ

Թɾ棬ϵۺΣ˺֥飬ɺͺϸţӺ󣬹֥Ϳ۾̨ǰһ˫ְŴϸϸһȦһȦ̵ҪһͿ͹ըˡ

ҹֹʱ֥
ֻҪйǳԵǸˮ׼϶׬Ǯġ
СʳľζֻҪζã׬Ǯ

̫ˣŸӡ
Щ̡

ʲô취ûǮүүҲǺҪ
Ҳػģ˵ںڶﻹãȳûգ׬Ǯӳˢֽ˶ٸϼֽӵҲġ
֥˵Ҳɷ뷨ϸǮӣĵûˣʳܳԣҪڼҲܹܸ±ȻׯסһըӵľͶͷ

ڶһ磬͹÷͸¿ţ֥ԺƮӵζ緹ӣ֥Եĺܱ˵һӻӡ

֥尲ٺ𣿡
ޱޱӵأǰԼڣ˻׼һԼϲӣϼһһֱǱæ˵֥ȥŹүүʰϲסһ͵Źʡ

ٺˣըӡ
֥ϵİһ̽ӣһϸ־ȣ̵״Ҳÿ

ޱޱǺһŵԡ죬۾ٿ
㣬óأ 

ʱӡ
֥˸ɾİѣȻƣ
߰ɣҹүүһȥľϼУҲ쵽ˣɱȡ
ľϼкͱӲ̫һǹ˶ʮſţľǰޱޱ̨ͻܵģһûԷͳˣʱҲˡ

һҲȥľϼУ׼䷿ӣСʯͷѾˣԺЩӾҪŲѣҪЩӶᵽǸʵԺ䷿ԺӶŲǱȥ

ȵ˿ŻŮӣŮøԼ뺯˳
ȰҪ˶뺯͹ȥûջ߲ۺõ

Իиҵ˲Ŷڴˣ֥ͨһЩСѾ鵽˼ƽʱɽ¶ˮҵˣ
λʦޱޱõĴʦھǴҲЩСӦöġ

ʦʦ顭

λʦǳӵĶңҲǴ÷죬ҹӵ·ʽܲ˵

λʦЬӵĶҡ


ǲ˵ֽɡھһָ
֥ܹ߸ίǰǴģȽаգںˣЩԥ

̩ׯһõĲӣȴ֪ƹĿϲ

ǽ⸽Ľ꣬ĴʦҲ룬Ҳϣоίɡ

֥Щյ˵Ů˿ͽΣԼţֲʯæ鷳˿ԣĹϵȴ˸о̫׽Щ˵һҲأתѹϵͲֵˡ

Ȱ˵׼ãʵڲо˵ίҲʹġ
û£ƷҲˣ˵ŶǮźأ

ȥ򼸸ľԼ
֥ʡһʡһ㣬Ҫ׼ʲôǰͿʼ׼ˡ

μƻ죬¾
УҪʲôȥ

һëձñӣһƿζˮ顭
֥ѡװУԼģޱޱüҪģÿ

ڶգʹŮȥЩ˼Ұݷã͹֥ԤϵĲ࣬
ʯЦĿģ
СѾͷĴһҪģ

λǸ˵Ľ뺯
ϵܿ𣬵ʱҿ϶׼ʱ






101.  صññ   ʦͻʦ

ʦͻʦޱޱǷ, Ǳ׼ֶ̣ˮѾճز֮, ˵ֻǰżƱҲӦˣֻʣλǾһˣ벻ҪԹ֪

⼸ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ㣬ǻĽ˵Ǵʦ

ֽӶ洫գǴʦҲǵıңںԺͽ, ƹĺԼרŸż, ⣬
߶ʦ, ññССŮӣڰһ, ʦǰȥί

ññСʦж, Ǵ߶, 
ǲȣЩѧͽʱһǲҲ˵ûܼǴЩ¿ʽ

ֱֻһ˵ģȲܷأ

ְ뺯˹ȥһɵһ, 
˵ǲСٶˣһְɣЩ˵һ𣿡

ʦδίĶǶԡС۹ҵʦ, ˴塢滭¡ЬֽɡҵټϽҵʦ˸ŷ, 
֥Լίһһ˵ֻƣ
Ϊ;׶ΣȡͶƱƱǰʮĽί֡

õģίҽˣ
õģίҽˣ
ͬĻӽ̩ׯƹ˵

ññСݶʮʾͣӪҵ졣

ʮ壬ƷֹڣññСݵĻȫգһбŵñӴͿʼ½볡⣬ñܰӣֻЩƷù֥﷭
ⲻ԰
űıʯ˿񡢽СɴֻϣܱƽССõģ

ˣ
֥ô»ñӲûκɸУˣԼССװЩ𰡣

ƷĵСӴʱ֪˾ַʽһؼҶһʼ飬
Ҫ·ͶƱģһȥţҵıˡ

һ壬ɫñǺɫëͶˣ

Ľ˸ˣͶȡɵġпɹƭġ׬Ǯģ֥иԭֻҪ㿿Ͷ׬Ǯء

һƬһȺСͿŴ·׬Ǯһģǰֻ֥һ˶ֱЩСӸɻǮֻβһ

ϴ
֥ҽͷİСʵ

ʱڲݡ
֥Сָķҵڲ˵Ĵͷ磬
ϴҹͶʮˣʱΪʮһ죬Ҫɫģά򣬹Ǯ٣

Сϲ裡
ϴŵСһ֣֥ˬ
ÿʮļٷȸһ롣

ã
֥Լ׼õͭǮһţһźֽһƵ棬
ҵҪΪ࣬Ҫʮ

ÿ˼ǮʮĻ߹һٷ
ϴ󵱼Ӽ۵

ʮģʱһˡ
֥֪ҪʲôԼҸʡһĵģûҪʮ˵ֻҪľ˶ӣԼԾʹЩ

Ȼһ˵ϴЦʱ˼֣
Сˬ죬ЩСֵһ׵ġ
ʮչʱ֥ڰͶƱ䣬Ϳſʻ¿һһһŵīĴſڣ¿ȫϤЦ
үү⹫үү

һθܵ˺ܶ࣬м׳Ҳˡ

ŮЦ
֥ʲôҪľܷԸǴһﶼģ

֥оۿЩ΢ȣڿЩƷѾоⳡԼԤڣշתΰѳ澡ĳʱôˣǵǺͽŶһɨգ˲ıԼһԵģ
һ
Ƕ𣿡


һ仰Ц
ķģǶԱ˲Źģ
ǽţʲôֱ˵
֥Ц
лǶҵ֧֣δ϶ܶ࣬ĵľǰȫ⡭

˽ְŰҪĶ׼ãǸŷǰ׷׶
ڼ÷ˣæԣʡ㻹ʡ㡣

ʱ֣ʮСÿ˷һʺɫУһɫñӣǽϵ£ſڽܹ֥ļѵЩǴδδĹѧ˺

֥ѡıΪʮգղգƬڰԺ嵭 

֣°̸ģһ˼˼˼ʮǮ
ʱճıݲӰ졣

һһ

һ翪ţƹ˸ӳĺ첼֥ȸװһʾ
Ҷڸ첲ӣȻ˶˺ˣ
ŷǲŰѴһӲ̺ô

˶󣬸οô¿һ˾ͰҪĶˡ 

һǧ˵ĹǱõĴ̨̨һӦȫù֥ǳķ㡣

ĺҵϡ

ʮȫϰײٶඥñȫ˳ڵ룬ںú󣬹ֵ֥˼ñӵλãʵͻڵһ̫Կ

һĺ첼߸ߵӵŶͶƱǰҪȿһȦɣ֥ѾԤ뵽ܶˣϾһߴð˴סʱͶƱŶܵ һֱĽϡ

ʱ֥ʦ׼ſȥߺȺ·ȴʼӿˣ
ññСݾٰĴ𣿡
羭ѵĺӦţ
ǵģǣ
ñӵģôȷ
ʻ֥һͲµģ͵ûˣЩñӵСӿʼͶƱ
ÿһƱͶϲñǰڶصģֻнŻչʾҿ

֥ۿЩ۷׷ףΪԼûԤϵ

Щк·˵ĶɵۣǴ󲿷ֻ֪ţ֪ɫĲǼƷġ

ڼƷ󣬹֥Ͱⳡ˺üʵԤϵķǳ׼ȷ

ʱ仹磬֥˸ССĻĴȳӣ
Ϊ˱֤ƽֳѡǰǵͶƱ䣬ڼƱʱԱμӵǰվ

⹫Աɲ˶ܵģڵ˲ʶĲǶ

ԱƳĶЩѧʶġ
ˡ
㣡Ƕ
һͨĴ÷Χ

ѡ˰Űٸֽĺӷһ飬տҲûмв㡣

֥ҹһһǧˡ
תһĄ̇ǰŮ˵

֥Աߵֵ
ãʼɣһڣͶƱ

쵽ƱǰߣͶƱߣۿ뵽λϯȴ

ѾһǧͶƱˣΪʱĹϵʱŶӵƱ㣬治١
ά֮һܾˣϣڴʼˣЩµĻȤľ뿪ˣӵӿ˺ܶࡣ

ÿһƱܾظͶƱȻ֥ƱԼ̰ӡĲ٣ͶƱȥһֱϳļǺܵ͵ġ

ͶƱλίϯ
뾩껭糤ֽɡ糤ʯίֽɡɡ澫ɡǾϸĥʵ紵ÿһѶǾϸ
뾩ǽ糤Զ۹ѡÿеĸֲϣʱеǰء

벽糤ӪЬϸʽʡ
ϹίǸеٮٮߣα֤Լרҵ֪ʶʱе۹ѡ˴αƷ
λίЩ΢죬֪ô˵ԼԼӣлͲӦۣ

ЩͬеֵĶɵˣģûǮ˰ɣôԼһԼǮҲԸ

ίƱԱල
ʱʵõľǡּƱ֥ӡƱӲʵܿ졭

ʱӼѧ

һڲʿǰ˳ȥ
ʿӲ
æվڻ

ǲʿ˹鱾
ɢ˰ɣ֪סˣ

ȥ
æ˳ȥһĹֻ½Ǵǰǽһûæ첽Ҫǰܣȴһã
֣û˶Ҹʲô

ֵܶϣ


ۿ׷ˣֻЭ
˵б

˹Ӽ࣬ǣſڵķһ
ݣ

Ϸ۶ȥ뿪ſڼӳһӰ
乫ӣ

һֳˣصַʽǳӦһͭȣߺȵĲֺ
ίѾ֣ۣȻ֣ȥһ߷֣ȥһͷ֣ʮƷ÷־ʮ˷֣Ŀǰһڴʮš

ḽвٽѲߣԶԶľܣſΧˣ
á
Ｗ

ǧ˵ģϻкܶվſֵģʹҵ˸̨ܿϵλá

һȽżƷѾȫѡڽ佱ڣȽİ䷢Ʒ̨
֥ɴ۾Ҫúÿ˭ԼңӵģɼסˣΪЩƷӲİѽʮⳡصǮ˵Ǯ

֪ǲμҲ
ޱޱñӶڹֹ֥СӵԼʶġ

ҵĽףҪرܵġ
֥૵ЩСզ̨콱ˣӦѾ
Ҳμӣ֥Ҳ
Ҳ۲ء

佱α
׼ʯͷλί

һǧģ֤顭ϣٽҸ

ȽƷһš
佱αʦ񻭴ʦԼα֯ññСݵٶҡ

֥ί̨ǰ˸ƣ
ʦʦ롣

м䡣
λʦԽǳ⣬˽Ѿ˴վλ

ͤͤŮۿһ㶼һȫŮӵİ佱˺ܶˡ

ĿмĹ֥ڷһ
˼ͷҲȫ֮⡣

ȻֱЩҲѷɫأ
ޣǹ죡
ŭĿǸǷͬæмһ˴˭ֻ֪Ǻһͱͷ

֥
ޱޱں̨۵ĿŹ֥Ӱ

ֶŮĲ򵥡
֪ʱ࣬ҲǾĽ

㣡
ޱޱЩӣ
Ҫ̨콱𣿡

Ҫϣ
̨֣صͷ

ǴڴһȽƷĺɫ˿ףտɫ˿廨׺ױȵĻʣǻӭɡŻ̨콱лĿ

ŶԼһͨ꣬ϵЦݷǳĵ壬ŴݵĲ̨ϣ̨µĺȲʺϲָо

佱αҲ²˭أññСݵĶҸղѾ̨ˣ벻֪˭̳ôСӣ

~~
佱α

ҺȻǰ̫ˡ
ǰſѡ̵΢ӶҲ˵

ô𣿲˶ʯֵƤģ
Ҳ˿ǰʯߣǹ

ҸҶ϶Щ˵ʶСдģֻҲСӸ˵ˣ
Ҳ̽ͷ۵

ү㿴ֱܷһ
ֵҲƽͷд³̣黭Ҳ֣ʡһڼһѡѹѹǵĿ֮

ƴյԱ߲
ôıΪʲôգſһû񫣬ǰܼǧƱôͶģ

벻ԼҲʹģ֥ͺ
˵Щٵ΢˽ãǱܿá

лλߡλίλĵͶƱڣññСݵһññԲ
̨֥лĳӿ 

֥˵ʱ̯ӣȰѳظ˳ſڣʯ
ϵܣ¥ں˾ϯ춼ȥԷ
̫ӵһˣʯȻԼҲǸˣϲ

ûƴǣ
Ҿȴ֮ˣͷ˵

ȴүү⹫ǹȥЪЪҰѶ͵ٹ
֥ŵ
æׯ˻ȥѴ½ֵ˺ܾúܾã
֥̫Ϣˣи

Թ֥˵һССıǰٰ̳Ԫڻֹ࣬ڴʱ˵ȴӱȤģ͸ʽͶƱֱĹ򣬽иҵССıԽԽ࣬γһ͵ֻ

֥λøʶñӵıºмñȻûеõ߷֣ڹ֥ȴƷԼŵǩ˽ԼʵҲ֥ݳݺ֮ʱ̤СǴñӵıһһߡ






102.     


е츲, е˻ǰͰ࣬ı仯һһ, ⼸꾩ʳ˲٣

֥ھүүҳԹ緹ţͱڷֵ𣬶ޱޱκ
Ұ

İɣ׼ʱأ
֥֤

ޱޱС幤ȥԶЩϾһС, Щ, ţʵڼұĸ߶ųܲ, Լѻϻˣ˭֪Ǳǰһֱû, , øĸһƵճס

ڽϵĶޱޱšü˼, ꣬Ǳ߾Ͷ˸ӣȥ˳İѻ¸ˣæӵֺ, ԼզɸС檣Ƕ˵˲ֻǹ֥²һȢôͱμסˣҰɣҪҪ˸һ£

֥ɲ֪СҪֻͣԼߣ·ӻ, ſڿƹ
ƹүү磡

֥簡

սнֿڣͷñӵİС, 
С磡
硱


һ·к֥̤Լҵӣڲų̀ͷŽŵĶЦ
֥簡

Ҳ磬̿Ѿȥˣ

ҵ¿ոš

Ƕ¿һññСݼ˵̵꣬ǳǰӣ⼸꾩˿ԽԽ࣬ǿѯ

֥Ѱ˼κ
СҲһññСݰɣǶĿͻҲ١

ǲǳ𣿡
ɣ
ҪҾëˡ
ǰ֥˵ëС

ë͸ģûɶ˼
֥ҡͷͬ⣬
ͿñӵĶ˶پ֪˵߻ԴȶĺܣͿһһģһģҲкô

˵Թ֥кôʹӦˣӶģװ˰̻֥ƹȥһ½ѧȻ֥ľǶԵģԼȻжݵ»ǳǶǸӺܿ˾ǶĿˣǡ

տžһСӴҴֱܽӳ嵽ǮĹ̨ǰ
Сƹ񣬸øƬ
˵ŵʮǮȥ

С̨ܵ棬Сһİֽ
Сı֡

ģ
СӲӲĵƬҲû򿪿һСܲӰ׽κʱֵƬˣ϶յܵ͵ŪˮˣԼĽȻµá

κھǳУľ⼸꾫ϸԽǵָзǳʣ֥տʼЩ飬Ͷɡ

ʱ˲û뵽һʮʮ٣ԽԽ࣬ǿӵģҶʡ飬ɴൽɡ

ȻʱһãһͻĶܿͱѧȥ۵ƬķȣññСݵܼ

һӣ֥غԺ˼ֽһ
̡诣ȥһ̡

ʦӹֽ֥Ͳ򿪣һƷʹߣﱵ֣ǯӣ
ÿҪʮôࣿ

Ҫ
֥

ʦЦ
Ļ𣿡

ǺڶѣŵԺӶûأ
֥ģ˵

ʦЦˣ˸۸
Ҳ̫ˣСӿװ£߿ߣ
ʦŸˡ

ͷŹ֥ͼֽϸĥͬʱ̾
Լöðʡķô໹һԡ

͹֥гںÿ¶¶Ҫܶ൶ƬһڣǵƬҪ̫ˣÿͬͲӣǹ֥ѾܿɹۣοϷ
ҿԸ߽ʦһֵСܣǽʦҪǩһԼ֤ܲ¶⵶Ƭֻһˡ

̫󣬽ʦ۾һ
˵

֥һص˵
֪һط֣

ѾͷкԼ  
ÿľ˵ǽ˾ȴÿһһ
·õõľῴۡ

֪һƬͬ󶴿󶼻Щ΢Ĳ𣬵ĺÿ˵طʯļ֡

֥һ˵治ǸУʦˣ


䰲ɽ壡

ʦɵĿļٵģ

֥ȷĵͷ
һȥ͵ġ

͵˵̹ȻҲûˣЩţϵЩĶŵʦһԴһŵͼ̵ϣ֥ǰһԴҲû⣬Լݶеͼָ
ȷʵ䰲ǵҲԶ

Ǿԣ

ԣ
ʦ¾˾
ø֣ǾǩԼ

ʦ˾˵ģ˵Ҫ䰲ľ뾩ǲԶܿȷ䰲ľ˹õϢûʱѺ
ŷûãҲǲŽģϢͨ

ȷʵ֣
ŴĵƬʦϲôõǵһμȶĿɲһӽƵģҲԺٳûãͰԼˣҪЩŴƬ

ΪʡǮʡ򣬵Ƭ˫˵棬ֻҪôһ㾫
֥ʮģʮģǳɹۣ

꣬ĵƬƵԽԽտϲԺľûɶ仯ֻǽȴ˱仯˾ְĶǾˣʦҪľԼӣҪһȥȻְˡ

͢ȥǸµص㿴˾ǡ

һȫȻ˵ע⡣

ǴȻڴܾڣ뾩ǵľȴȱ߹ҪԶĶ࣬˵Ǳֲ̫ƽˡ

ʥȥǻΪۣΪʢ֣ʮ֮꣬ľǿԵõεʶ

ԵµλʱǽʮÿľþǺܴһʸ⾫ǿͺܵһǻͼμʢ۵ģκμλϳȴǿлǣӳ͢ľ

ʮһεĳϣнϱǿӿɽ

ּ
֣Ϊǽ˴˷˵ʥּ

ԶǸĽԺӣһǸССĻ԰ůʱڣһŵĹ֦Ҷ䣬мһڼѤÿţ԰ûмɽûгֻһ¢¢·Ĳ˵أĿļëѾԼųˡ

԰иЪŵСͤӣڵЬףʱһԱ廨СӣżһˣŮ

ͤԱһľƵСݣŮӵտŬӣ֣ԶŮЦ

Ѿ׼˵պҪӪȥݽ˷ˣǣ
ӱ·ǺųʮפλҪǰȥ˷ˡ

֣½ס˴СϿЦŻŮСһȴøױܿ˵ܵ
ӱ·ڱ߾ݵפԷɳ룬طܶõĹٱ٣ץסȥǿҽּҲΪ˳ȥǿѣ߹սҪɵĶ࣬Ƽ¾ͻˣĪġ






103.  Ƴ³   С̷򣿡

С̷򣿡
֥Ժ, һϲ
ڸѲ𣿡

֣һӲɫڶŹ֥ʱЩ, 󲽽ԺӺվסûߣܶ࣬˵仰ߣ
ϣҪ뾩˷ˣС̺ڼҪ鷳ӦЩ

˷ˣ
֥һ
зˣ
û˵нٷ˰

ӱ·ݾڡ

ݣϤ֣ⲻǣ֥૵
ǰΪܻǴܹȥģ

֪ѾͷԶ, ֣ǳЦ, 
ܹȥģ˵, ǾĴɽ

ǲǴ䰲󣿡
֥Ц, û뵽ԼƬ˽ٷˡ

ޣ
վվߵ֣´һⷿ, 
֪Ļ, ˵

⼸κӵ֣û뵽ԼõĵƬôͷϹֽ֥ĵƬϸȻּ˷ˣһӦ鱨϶, ٷȷʵԿɽһʱһΣ˾ɽ, սǳ

֥Щε
Ҿдȥʿģ˵Ƿһܴ, ģʦ˵ҵĵƬҪ̫ߣɾȴβ룬ˡ

ǽǰŻһǾƣ
֣½Լ嵶鵶ʣâˣ
˵ų˱Ŀܣ˵Ⱦ־й֮֡

С̷򣬴ɽ𣿡

ģǱߵعϡʮǰս˺ܶܶˡ

С̷˵ɽ˷˺ƽԭսȫͬҪСģЩɽ׷ٵʿˮһҪտġҪˣǱɽóҲ࣬Щö̷ϡ

֣Ź֥Ķһ죬զǸȻ׼յӪɣ˵ö뵽ľǣ
ͣҿɲƴǣԽԽã

ǰ죬ññСƳһַóͣôһСƿҪһǮ
ЦǮˣûõһգǸټСӵĶģΪȵ͸Ĩһó档

ȵ죬ǽӵ̴һдľԼӰƤͣ˵ڶ죬ֶƮζǺӵ࣬óţȴζȵĿˬˡ

֥֣º󣬴ƹȡ˶ʮǮֱ˾õҩ̣ҪȥЩҩģ 
һٽ𡭡

ͷԱĲУǸؽ̴ĵطǹ֥˵أҵϷϸ޲
Ҫʮƥϵȵϸ޲

ڶһ磬ɷ¿ͣ˺ţǽõġ
ǷǮСԺסլʵ̫ˣСӼҵİסֻ˶Ӷϱռ˼䷿ӡ
˭֪ǰĸҪǮʱɩ˵ǮǹеģӶסǹгǮҪԺԼ

ǼѥӵģҲ洫ˣͶһֱڼɻ
⼸ϱᵽӣڼҳԣ˵Ǹһٹ׬İɣ˭뻹˰׸ˣ

ԾԼӵɣЩԽԽķִ߽ͣõĺܣŮȥʮ궫ҾӣǮһһᣬȥһһٹᣬȥСԺˣ˭֪ȴ˵
첮ҪпеСԺӣٹľͿ֣Ǯݽ裬ҲԽһ֡

һСԺӣϱ¿ÿܵĵطˣ洫ϱжˡ

֥¿С̼ңԺͿ׷СãſڵĶС˹˹ű˹

֥ǰһѱٸ߸ߣ
㲻


СѾͷһ㶼¸ߵЦĻ

Ц
ĻģһΪȴȥһأ

ҵǽҪ𣿡
⻹治֪֥ɰյ 
֪Ҿڼˡ

ոﶼţ̷ǰ붼͵ˡ
ŷһһģǰƿЩɵۣ
Щɶ

˵С̷Ҫȥ߽˷ˣЩҩĺͲϸϣǱ߲ȾǶȫЩб޻

ʹЩҲ˵ɶôҪǮȥôණ
ֵ֥׬ǮɱǮҲ٣üʮǮ˰ɡ

˵Ҳ̷Ҹ˵㻹Ƕ˫Ь
֥óһװ׿СƤһӣ
ã򡣡

ҡͷ˰𶼰ᵽⷿȥԼ֪ĸ˻ǲҪЩ˵ˡ

ʱʱ֣¿½˽Щյźһͳ

ڶգΨһûȶ֣˴Ӫܿ˽֥Լôһһǽס

ññСݵǾõĴҶйʶ⼸̳Ǿ͹ϲˡ

ôҶ֪һٽİϵƷҩЧ϶رá

Ǿϲϸ޲ʹΣ
ĿֹѪ
ǸãҪһҪÿˮ˿Ҫʱ
֥Ҳֻ֪һǳԵĳʶѡ

ʱһζ֣ǧ˾ǱϽ˷ˡ

һ뾩֥̾ͲвˣһЩ˼˿ʼ

սľǸиҵ󶼽͸׬ǮĹŶֻ⼸ھԽԽܴٹ׷λǸ˵

ññСûκαĻ¡桢ȫУҪǲĲȴôʡղܡ

ֻҪƷģܸоôζ˵ġññСݣسƷɡ

ÿÿ꣬ññСƳ³£оľɿʱе¿侩󲿷˼ҶܼҵĻ

˶ӵĶҲ⣬ÿƷ׬ȡĲƸȴôͰ࣬׬ôǮޣÿһ/ĵȴ/ԭϻУʱ䡣

֥ȴȥЩʲôϢʱ׬ǮԼǾͺˣûȥ׬ȫ˵Ǯ׬Ǯ͵𣿻ǵƷ͢Ϲ

ģֻ߾Ʒ·ߣʱ֣Ʒ

֥ĵ̷ʦԳʦˣ⼸ҲѾͷԼĹŵˣһզզͷϵĹߣŶӺֶӵ
ЪЪɡ

ʦʦ֣ʦ֣εĵΣ
֥һ˽

ȥ˵
̷ʦסõ֡

ݷϺܿ챻ʦʰɾ֥ԼƷһóڵϣĺܲһ

ǣ
̷ľϴССͬľ飬ֻ֥տٵƴ
װ棡

ʦ۽Ƿ
֥ά
̷ľƳͽһۣ
ֻȾõװ棬ߵӡ·ӣֽͲȾϿġ

ʦ㿴Ⲽ
֥Լ鲼泯ϣһ֦÷۵Ļÿ䶼̫һ
÷Ĳ
̷ľһ۾Ϳ÷ˮƽܸߡ

ٺ١
֥Щ⣬
δʦĽ

̷ʦϰںõͼϸϸһ飬񹤵ǲӡЧզЩأ
Ϊһ֧÷Ҳô£ֳӡҿ





104.  Ѱ   б֥

б֥ӵ˹̨, óһ鳤ľ̵ϣ̷ʦЦ, ˵⼸Сľͷôӡأ

ⷨӵ治⻨ɫ仯˵λҲԶһ
̷ľ˵˵ȥ÷˼

õˢ˻ϡ֦ϣƴа۵ľϣһŰֽ棬ˢˢ֮÷ͻ޼ˡ

Сʦ, ôоľˡ
ʦҲܻ, һһϸţ⻨ĵ񷨿ɲǵַ

ľֻƽ, 񣬺ܶණͨ, ҽһһɫǳкβɡ
֥Ϊ

̷ⷬʦ˼·, Ц, 
֥Ŷͨ͸

ʦզԼأ֥ˣ
ʦ, ʦֶʦֵѾʤļƣǹֻ辶ˡ

̳ҵǺãҲӦ辶
̷ʦ¶ɫ, 
ľԽԽʣȴǶȱһɡ

˵ɫתΪ࣬
㸸׵껭´Ź, ʦָװ棬ͷֱӡʡ򡣡

̷լſͣһһḾŵĶŹ֥ʵ
Сӣڻ𣿡

ӻͣһ¡
ǰһٶʱͳӿڹսֵĴ֡

֣³֥ᵽС̼ס˼Ṧĸˣǹ֥Ҳһλ֥һʱ䣬ƢϵͳڹӶǮ֤ĸ߸ߵġ
ӻ̵ˣ֥Գ
ȻӰɣҺͽ߻ȥ
ǳͷһǰ·ڹ䡣

ƹүү𣿡

ڵģ
ƹЦų֥գգۣ
乫Ҳڡ

Ȼ֥Цüۣ
ôɵ
Ѿͷ᲻֪

Դӵһññ󣬸ҵı񣬷չǹѹۿ˽Ǯۿ

ڶññٶһˣӱݽĿӴԺͱһиҵŻԼ֪ȵĻᣬ˵ĳ˲д˲ţίֶ˸ݣί

ʯڷһ뺯ֽɡлٰĴȥίģ
˵ȥûǵίã
ͦԼֽɡڴͥ±Ʒһġ

ֽɡͼЩ仯զʽ
仹ûش𣬹֥ʹ洫˽

ֽɡԴӳЩʽզ淨
ʯɲֹһֽ֥ɡ΢ˣһֱɶ

֥ʼ磬۵ԶɡԼǲ˵˰ɣ˼ң
ǿҵƶ

ʯЩĿŶǸ÷ͼ˿ӡ˳۾תڰеİѰԼֻƵֽɡ̫صˡ

乫ӣ
ѾŮģĹ֥Сˣǳĵ
Ϊֹҵ̵ɹһװ棬׼Ʒӡñϡ鲼ϣԼδбƷǮҸֳɰ

ʯ͵ĵͷǶͶôлر

ֻǼϰѣظҷֳɡ
÷Ѱţ˵ҪԼǮæܾλε̸ǮЩ̫ܡ

ʯĿԼ֣ǮŶҪɵİɣ

Ժ乫ԼµĻµĵ棬ǲҪǮҿɲҿˡ
֥ɲռ˱ˣϰ˼ҵϰѾǺܴˣûԼǮ˻˼ҵģ˵乫Լ⣬ߵ˿ɲһ쳤վܻ˵㿴ĳĳĻ׬Ǯȴһ㶼ʾ㵱ɵأһ⻰ģԼʧȥˡ

ñӺͲǮɡ
˿ڡ

ֻּܵ򵥵Ļݣȸһ򵥵ĺɻ𣿡
֥һ³¯Ļ壬鲼ӱϽ˹ȥӻ̡

·Զ֥·ǣӣͷһ廨ñڵס˴Ŀⶼڲñܵ¡

һλͷñµ˹ĵӹ֥ʱ̧ͷϵƣֻͷۣϵĽƻ˿ò֥ÿˣ˹ĵھǿɲ乫Ӷ޳ţɾͶλۣ˭֪ھǰʱ͵ĳԼһ
ССˣǡţţţôߣתһȦǲ緽򡭡

ţǰǸŹ֥ӷԼˣţǸĳţţ֥ӵľԼ޼֮Ķ𣬳·һñһ֣
ӣ

۲ſѰƵСһСӺԼһ˹
ϴ󷴸ǿСҪʲôȥԴӰһδǾ;ϴ󻹺˴˻Щʱ˶ҲȥæǱ֣ԼҲ˻ơ

λҪţţţӣָָ·
֥ҲǸ·գƬֵ˲Ų·Լָ·ǻ˰ɣڴ·𣿼ĹֺÿģԼռÿġ

֣
ˬӦתͷ


һ˫۾мĿŹ֥
лλĵСӡ

ÿ
֥΢һͷǰߣǹӺ˳·һΣǹ˴·żˣָĶŵȣߵ·ڷֵʱŹ֥ʩһ

ǸĹأ֥룬ȴĽǰһߵ
Сӣλй򣡡

˫ȫ
֥۾һ
书ûǸ·գȣ
ʱ뺷֮ʢ֥ûȥ

Ȼֺ˰벽ź͹֥Ӵ˼죬һЩ뷨ʵⲻˡ

ţӺԺĥţᣬññСԤģÿζԴĥٸӵͼΪԼţļǮЩӲǰѲĶӱȥѧ˻ΪһڸϵļԼţԽԽˡ

ңи˵ԶݣҪҪ

Զݣ
ţȦ̧ͷˣھӼҵ÷ָͷĹġ

˵ţ¹үү

׵ţ㿪Լˣ
ʮǰһδѣиСùŸճ׵ɷˣֻʱôˣļٵİ
ؼҺҸһˡ
С˵

Լǰӣվм˹ĵǳ˺øУҽܵ
ţ¹ҵĸףλӽʲô֣漮δ

СֶҶε֣Ҷ**游Ҷʢĸţٻٻҵ·
Ҷεֹʩ񣬰Լ˹ȥ

ֵԵϵģţӹ·һ飬ûɶ⣬ίʵҲ֪ǹȥǰѾɵţᣬЩ游գʱ̫ԶˣҲȷ
Ѱģ

ʱſ˼ٵĽŲţ¹⼱Ĵ˽
̼ˣ

ţæվż߷һϸף
λҶӴĿ

ţ¹ֻһ۾ץţ᲻ţҶεȴҶ겻ϣԼӳɶԼأզ⺢һ㶼ûأ

۵Ժ˵
ţŸԺߡ

ʲôǾ˽ƿ˳Ѱ׵ģ
涨һοƿ֮ڣ»ʵǻ֮ʱμӿƿľΪһΣֻǽ괺еĻԣѾ˰
ô֮ǰҹڼܱȿջҪ徲Щ
˾˵ݣǿ϶м٣ţĻһɢֻҵ˵ϲãͶ˲ʵڵ֡

Ｘʮ仯ֻ̫ǵþүү֣Ѱ˺ķ̫ʱ䡭
ҶεЩȻ˵ǽԣԿƿΪĹ˵ѰףŰһʱſʼѰңֻҲ֣
үүǰţţզĳɡţţˣҶ˺ö๦򡣡


ţŸǴĿڨЦ
ⲻǽүĹֵ

˵үү͵֥֪ţûˣ߻ˣ
ţҵţ˳ţ˿ڰɫȸţǵġ
֥ĺСƵͷԺߣţүү
ţүүɶϲ֮£

Ҷε־ϲתͷ

ףô⣿
֥ΪǸ˿ͣ黹Ǹͣ

Ҷεֶ֥ʩһ
ҪлλСӣѰˣ

ô£
ţֶмһͷˮ






105.  Ѱ   ֥û뵽

֥û뵽ǰλĹӾȻѾȡľ֮, ʶԼⲻ˶࿴ۡ

ʱųľ˿ɲ, ȥ»ʵǻһѡ˲ţǹӼļ³Ĳ٣ݲμӿƾһڣɾǱҪġ

֥ʶȥоٵһǹ幫ӣؾ˹Ӽ飬ȡļݺ³˾, ҲҶε곤, һĴžδʮ, С鶼ʲô˽ѧʦܱȡ

ҹҹ, ȥ괺, ȴǰ, ⻹ᣬпΪأ

Դӹ֥ᵽС̼סޱޱÿһʱؼ, ʱ˵˵쵽˺ȴЩ˼
⣡
֥ɢԲ֪Ʈȥ, ǰӻӺ

ޱޱ˼뻹ûס
֥, ˵幫ǲʲô
ɻþˣ͹֥ΪֶȴǽãֻҲͽ֮˵˵ˡ

֥һھջЩŬȥյǰʵ
˭˵ʲôˣ
Ѩ磬δдԵҪúô

ޱޱԼɻٵҲ򵥣ίʵûʲô֪ⲻ궼ʮˣô붼ԡ

֥˿ԼϹĥİ
Сùã幫ȥԼݲμ˾ˣǰֲμ˻ԣⲻҵ𣿡

ޱޱҲÿζС˵װ׵ģôס¡

˼⼸һֱڿʫ飬ˡ
֥ȰԽСãϺɫ֮ǲ٣żҲôëǣҪûκ֤ݾȸ˼ҶﰡҲЩϢλ幫ھ츳˵ѧʵȥѰ˲ٺòü¥ôãĿɲλá

˵幫ֻڹӼûȥ顣

ٹͷŰˣʱнʿЦ
֥ĽǣԼʲôҲﲻˣֻ˰οˡ

³һԷŰ˳ӿ

ͷԪĽݱ˾ǡ

֥ññСݶϵˡ

Сùǽ񴺾Ҫˡ
֥۷׷׵ȺԼܲµ˫ϲţȻԵĳɼʱҪʥΡ

ԿƾλϮǻӻϮչƣԿʱйѫĹΪı㣬дӾģıɢٵģϢӵܾ˳Ӧʥ߿ƾ֮·ˡ

ǰĲֵ֧ڵһNɪ·ôĶӶԼ̵з
ʱܺǼҵϲư
˿ˣ 

ȻԵĽݱҲ͵˶ԼͰǱձ֮ǰһõӣһպˡպĸ׵Ů߼죬ݱǿ϶ǡҹʱ˫ϲΪˣ

ޱޱվӴڣŴϲһһֱǸϤӰӵ·ԼˣԼЦˣҴ棬΢΢ȡ

֥ڶմӴڿһʧǵˣҶεһֻλǰιѾϢ֥߶
ţôҲչŵ㣿Ҫǳզ죿

ӣбƹӰɪɵ˹ȥ
ҶӣôͳȾư

СӼЦˣ
Ҷε̧ͷЦЩɬ

͹٣ССˡ
С̳һС״ɺһС׾յС̲ˣİϣ
СӿҪСơ

֥ҡͷ»ȥţ˵һɣȻһҲû١

˭Ҷһˮƺ૵
ҶԲĸλ԰Ȫ֪

⻹Ǹĸ˫ģģ֥ͷȰο
һοƿ͵֪ͣȥѰʦúŬ´

үүһҶοҲҪżһᣬֻ֪ܣҸ׹磬µļҲ죬ƴŲűס˼ҲĸԺ󶼸˭֪һ纮ȴ御
Ҷε˵˵žͷ񽥽룬һˮƺܿ˵ףҡӶ֣
Сһơ

֥ЦǣôҲҳȾƣԳĵС
С磬һȥ˰ͻȥȿŵ㡣

İСӡ
С֤

鷳֥ˡ
ţҪѰأ֥ҵĳ˲˹æ˽ӵӺԺЪϢ

Ź֥Ц
ε⺢˼̫ˣΪСʱһЩõ£֮ĺأҲķӰס쿴Żúõģ˭һȥǶлͻ

ǽַھӣ֮Ͷѣ
֥˵ž׼ˡ

ţ
Һ͸ھǶ飬ӼǲФ룬Ժվʹȥ

ʦ࣬Ҷӵʦָ㶨ǰ;
֥˵վЩĥδǻ£һ˵ĳɹҪԸҪ

λҶԵǲֻգ֥Ϳָֻ˾ͷţĶ˵ЦĴſ·

֥ţСԺӣ˵Ǹֶð졣

ҶӾûɣ
ֹ֥һ䣬Ҳ͸пһ°ˣЩ˶ԼԶֲԼġ

ĵӣǰͷǮûкʵģ׵ĵ껭ԽԽȶɽϵϷѾɲģ뿪һֽƷӣڻԴѾ뱸ȴٳûкʵġ

Щ귿۷ǣԺӻ򵽣ȴˣҪññСݽģԺиӦֻǵڶû׵Ϣ

֥иҪ֣
ޱޱ˸֥ţԼȴѾǰȥһųҪתֵϢܿͼˡ

һСҲＷſŽ￴¹֥֮ǰӾͱˡ

ʲô֣
ڶ¥ˣС˵Сڶæ˹ȻֵΪܲˡ

ޱޱ귽ʶԼ˹ҵģԳŶڵͦʵ˵Ͳˬһۻ
㲻ڼҶ׼ʲô֣

һһϲΪѾͷԼ޶أ˼֣
Ҷ˳Ȳ徲һ£̫࣬Ҫʲô˵
˵Ű˸

ޱޱֻĵ
Ҫһۡ

Ҫӣ
ק⿿ǽϣԼվſڻͷʵ
Ҫģ׼ʲô
絽ĴԼΪæأȻпգԼϵмӣԺҲȸš

ҪֶŮѰӣĽˡ
ޱޱͷż⣬оȣ֥զ

Ϳñϵ䣬ñĺðء

ãô
֥ˣҵ˱ƵĶޱޱƿ̫ԵˣæǰѱԼǰ


ȵҲ¥ɣ̫ˣҲôֵġ

ӵƹȻҲʤţ顯Źϣ徲ˡ

¥¥ż䣬¥ƹİѶӵһһ
ʳģ˲ٳӣʵˣķζ㣬ôȴϸ鷳ʱ£ԷԳණ߸һ˵Ի˶ӵģǱ˶ˡ

ⲻǣ֥Щ£û뵽Լֶǿӵġ

ٸ𣿡
ޱޱĵԼӲ֪׬Ǯô࣬һ뵽ԼŬ죬λʹ졣

δٷ޹䣬ƹĲ̧ͷص
Щ˺зִ磬ھٸǶ㣬ӿȥ˾ͺˡ

ӲҪ
ֱ֥ӲˣӵĶҲǸģͻȻųϢͲ֪ǿ֮˳⻹иǿ˽˺ˡ

ŶŽյӲΪھӣɲҪһʹֶ˵Ķš

󣬶ޱޱִ˵Ҫˣ֥ҴҸϵġ幤
ô˵

ǸСƷʱ͵͵ҵģ˶֪Ҿֱţ֪Ĺ˻񲻸á
ޱޱһֺ̡

ԶҪҪ

Զɣʡ©Ϣ
ޱޱñӴãŹ֥
ҲƷģ֪ʲôԭҪӣ˵ż






106.  ż   Ƿֻʳǡڳ

Ƿֻʳǡڳǡ, ԻʳΪģһһš

ӼǽúŽ, λ˾Ÿ̺ӻУ̺ӺмǾĽУҹƻԻֱɢ

Ӿڴ˵أޱޱӲԶññСԶЩЩ£ҪľӼ

ӵλùֻ֥һ۾, һƬĻƽض, ʲôġ

ûɶˣСſ˽Ҳû, Ŀڻϣ
͹㿴, пеĺСһ

ôүкʽɲ, ֥ڿӵĻΪεС̬Ȼˡ
ƷӵĻͶޱޱӿȫһ, ֻ߸ߵ͵͵ĻϴСͬƷ˰ڼ黭ϲֱۣ֮Ǹ֮Ҳѹֿ塣

ƹĿɫ, һ˱һִ̣֥һȦֱӵ˹̨ǰ
ƹ, ˵Ҫת֣֪ǮΣ

ƹĿ˹֥һֿۣۺĶޱޱ, ЩСñܵĿɻˣ˶ѱ磬ʻü۶壬ǸԼֻܿ°ͣȹǴ˼ҵģ
Сӿȴ֪Ǻηʿô𣿡

Ǿʿ游ĸھСҪתȷһ£ȸ׻һӡ
֥ͷϵñһۣ¶üۣƹ۾һϲɫ
ȷʵҪתӣҪһǧᣬ⣿

Ѿ׼֥һۿǷǵ̫ˣԼ͸ˣûбֵļУǳЦ
Ǯ飬ȿĽṹ𣬲ÿ䷿ǺԺ󣬺漸䷿ӣҼҵǷʣ

Ȼ
ƹĴӹ̨ϺԺȥ 
ߵǹӼ࿪ԺŸǵģ㣬Ժֻһⷿӵ˿ס¥ϡ

վںԺ֥ŵ˵ľζߴ˿˾ĺȲ
¥ǲ
ĺȾСģȻǮе˾Ƕ֥࣬ӵľʮһӽʮ֣;¥ھ͵óοгСģǷǶ࣬
ʲô

Ȼֻģȥ
֥ƷӾսֻӡ

һžͿһģں͵Сִʲô֥չȥһȴһǰ黭ҵͼֻǴ˻ȴ񣬵Щġģ֪໭Ǹʲô飿

Сˬ˵
һģ⻭Ҳһؼ԰ڣһľʵϵļˡ

Сټӵ㣬ϾͲֹۣϰĹ򡣡
ּۻ۵

ջǿ˵ķϣȻȥʣԼõ˵ԩͷһǮҲء

֥Թۣͻñװ

˰ˣһֱӴ򽻵Ҳȥʣɡ
ЭˣӹһǮҴ뿪

ֻ֪ġиʲôϢ⻭ûǿϧǸԭ
ǵСһǸһϵһŵ˺һ㣬λþǲӵġ

֥һʶʱѰڻǱˣﲻ֪ûδĴʦأʵҲôʶƾоܿһ۸࣬һ乫һǧᣬҲ֪١

ֻһо
ӹ֥˿

ɶо
ޱޱ档

Ǯ࣡ɶʱܼһأ
֥̾

͡
ޱޱûסЦ
ǮҲôֻɡ

ǮֻҲã»Ǯˡ

ޱޱС΢壬еҡ

֥һ̯֣̾Ȼ
⻹£µ˻ͷ˵Ʒ

ޱޱûסŤ˹֥첲һ£
㶺أ

ճӼͿ˽ϤӰȸԾŴ˹
֥֥

ѧˣ
֥ѭҲܾϲ˴Цݣ
˵翼йʿˣϲѽ

ллҴһֱģ
˵Ҳٹ⣬
Щ࣬Ҹ׸Ū˺ö콲⵽ĸÿ꺮ů΢ЩˮˮҿĶ¡
ԴӴμԺһ˶ΧתҲˣĸ׸оʳԼؼһÿãûճˡ

֥Ƕ̫˽ˣǱ֪ɶأЦ
⼸ӣúźţȵԺͺˡ
ȵԺʧľˣ֥͵Цǰ߿ǰһС߿ʱӳͣ߿ȥԼģʵ

þû֥ˣ˾˵仰˭ûǣ
ӣ̫̫ڼҵأ
ԺܿҪˣ̫̫ԺҲûͣŵȵԳһҪ׼ɶˡ

Ҳ֪أܿ췭
ȻȥˣҴ翼ȥֽ𰡣

ð
֥Цųӻ֣
ͷ

ǽ˵ĳƷӶ¥ٴվһλӾ۵ףһ
СѾͷļơ
һׯѾͷʶ˵Ǹ򵥣ļƵ˵á

үҲ˰֮ġ
ղ֥ӵƹе

ۿСѾͷתǰ£
ҪĿж󣿡

˵
ƹȴ΢΢ҡͷ
λСӲԳ뷨¶ȣӾǻܣӵƷ˿⣬ǸıҲ治ɫڴӣȴһ㶼УںԺʸӪҾ͸оúŪ

Լǣ
ӵͷ
ղӾȥ黭ӣڽΧӣڹΣֻɺƷߵĸ߼ۣɡ

˵ؼҺ͸

ٵȵȰɡ
Ͳ֪ǸŮˣԼӿͶõģһǧԼʵǲģ᲻úײǰѾͷ뷨ֵǮ

֥㿴ΣҪ𣿡
ޱޱϰñŷʵ

ӵλúܲڻû¾ƹ˵תЩǣǿˣƷӿ׬Ǯġ
ʳֵȴҲģװĲǱ黭ӺƷӶ·ӵģ
ҵúúôӵĶ˭

Ҷʣ

Ҫġ
֥ͷ
ֻﻹǣתȴûĶ˭ɾѲˡ

Ȼ֥棬ҵͷܿʹ
ڶҶ˭˵תֹΣƷҲͷģҪȥٸ°췿

ܴͲˣҪ֪ĸЩѰ˴

Զ
ζƮԺӣھӼҵСӶûסĸҪüҳԺóԵġ

µĶֵͷŷŸСҴҽţ
ˣ֣˲ļ⡣

ɫļ̫óˣ

Ҳˡ
֣ԲĹĵĶӣЩԳˡ

֥˺ö࣬һһðס͸ָɾһݵͦģС¯ոһ¯ż㼦⡣ΪʲôȻΪݶˣһζҪֵܹܶġ

ƹүү˼һݸǳ
֥һСӽӻ̣ƿһӽļ⡣

Сɫȥ˺ԺһȸĶͽȥһӰڵƹǰԼҲһڳš

˵զӣͳҲ׬ٰ
ƹЩźıԹ

׬Ǯ׬Ǯ̫ˡ
䷽ҪԼܶ¾͵Ϊһ򵥵Ŀռ֥δסññС뿪ʮ»ׯһûӰġ

ƹҲһ˵һ˶Ǻ󣬶ˮ˿ڣ
ӿ𣿡

ǿңһֱûкܺģſһһԣƹүүһ

ļң
**Ʒӣ˵ǶûõλãҪһǧᣬ棬¥ϡ

ǮǺгۣм򲻵ӵģһ£
ƹĻ˺Ժκת
Ǳ򿿽ͷԭӵĶӣֺƵܶû仯ȴüˣǿǿʱзƷԱǲǻи黭ӣ
֥ͷ
ǰһλȴû

֥лƹүүӻ˿Ȼ;˵Ӳףƹүүû˵ӲֻԼҵǮ֮ףҪúһ£ȥʸ׵˼˵ɡ

ǹ֥Ĵϲ֮գҪȥϲƣҪ¸ҲҪףԾһðˡ

ʱ²;ĳѡԽҤĲߣһִͬɫ룬ֺÿڴϣó˵Լ͵ģȻ۸Ҳƾˡ

ײ߽һף֥һ׳ӣ·ǰſżǲׯֻĻ˾ƹݣǲֻ˰͹Ъҵؿƹû䣬ֻӪˣżǾƹݾô˵֮ϱҹɾƣһʱ˺ܶǰƷ
ʱ¾ʵйߣԾǾƹżǾƹƽʱľǴӹٸԼƣȹ˶۲
ȷʵС߻˵ġ
֥ÿ·߶롣

·żǾƹû߶Զ˺֥תҶεһƿ˹˽ǰֽľϻӣ
Сӣɡ

òã
֥æܾ 
ûأžƿǧˡ
ɲ鷳˵Ůˡ

Ҷεַ·Լ˺ƣѾƺ֥ǰһ̧
Ҿүү˵Ʋżһ˼ҡ
⻰Щ͵ζ¹֥ΪԼƵġ

ΪТˡ
֥ʵ 
Ժ𣿡

ѾˣѡҽĳĳԺǽϿҲ֪Ҽ̫٣ܿо˴ˣ֪Ժ᲻Ϊ֪ʶǳ֡

ɶֵģѧܿ͸ˡ
֪βĹ֥

СޥʣҸо˺ö࡭
˵ŻλҶӸŹ֥һ·ññСſڲŸţţţӷȥ






107.  ؼ   ֥

֥ڿ, ĺԼѧ˵棬ʼֻΪѧ, Ѹ׵껭һſ̳ɵ׬ǮڲŷԼ˵棬ôԺĶԼ̫ˬˡ

һεľ壬Ѿñʻͼ֥СĵĵţСʯͷҪˣҪͼر

, һͰ׼õ

ӾŶ, ⼸Ǻ𣬳͢Ϊ˷ܱߴ, Ϊ˺üׯھϽ, ǰǶǴŽ, ޺˾͸ĳɴӴ˵ˡ

ëͷԱߵĿյ϶˺ܶ෿, 󲿷ǾƹݺͿջһվӴĹٸԱʱ¹ٸԱסվ, һǰȫǹѱôҪĵطܿͽһ

·ϲʱѲߵĽС, Ҳǹ֥ѡ·ߵҪԭٶȱ¿ˣֻÿľܴľġ

޵·, ⵹ǳ͢ͳһֵģٽԷֵģֻʱܿٳɲĻǮľֻڶ裬ˮ٣ӵԶѾ˸ѣͷöˮũ񣬰ǶˮյСҪཬˣûгˮ֣⼾Ӿͳ׷ˡ

ſ֥ͣ
ϵԺѳжǱߣǷԺÿ

㡱
һС˳

С㱧
֥ܡ
ǰһӣСʯͷԶɶܣСС̼ҵô˼£Ĵ䣬ʱԺ׷칷Ȼһ˴㡣

֥ؼҵϢܿȫʹˣëë溰ԼæΧȹһժܣϿܵĸƵģĺһ䣬
ʲôܣȵɡ

ں׷˳
磬ȵҰ

Ŵʲôְ
Щ 

Сʯͷ档
ɵǲ
ëëſڵԱվҲŵܵܣðɣ˭Ҳ˵˭

ЩԴɵ̬ȱ˺ܶ࣬ڴҲ֪ص֪֥ԼÿζЩʵļɴȥɸտʼ˵ҪļͦģȰ
֥ھǽ˼Ҽ⼦Щ˼Ҳϲ

ԴɻÿʮҪּҵӶؼҳҹϱ

ǰɵףϱǸڿܸɵģʹСڵ˶˵ڼҹٷּҲ٣⼸ǮҲûôˣӹǰϼֽ׬ǮԼټҲɩˣӰȥסϱԼڼҳ¿զ졣

ϱȥһŮֱϸֵβ죬ȡ𻨣ָˣһĻ龢͹ˣȢޣַ˳ϱͦõģɷּңϱȴ֪飬Ǵãզ죿

ϰѼ㲻˯СӲǱˣ֥Ǿ˵˵

塢ëëҴһߣ棬
֥óһСֽڿ̿
Ƿ壬ǿĸá
˵ĸĹ֥ʱס죬СʯͷԱ۰Ͱ͵ɺеĿ⣬
ǲȭɡ

ÿѡһƥԼסɫ˵һ¹򡭡

Ҫඣ
ӳɵĺš

ӮӮˣ
ëëһ㣬һӮˣ˶尮֣ɸֱӿڣ
֥廹ûˣ

զˣҲҪһ
֥ЦʣϹء

ɿЦ֪ûɶ£˭Լϲأ
ҲҪһؼϵʱߵ棬Ҫʲô˵ɡ

Ҳ򵥣ֻǽҲġ 

ͷĽҰɡ
ǵɻȥ
֥ɺëë뿪ȥɻСֿʼ˵ڶ֡

֥ڿϺСһɫĹĲСʯͷʰ꣬ͷϵСţʱŽſСһۣɻˣԼҪ롭

˺ٺòŵÿսݺŮ˵˵
·Ͽׯڶۼû°ɡ

û£ۼҵˮ˳ˣǰСӾȥˮ۴ߵĵضһ飬ӹཬʱǻٽһ顣

ǰҿһӣֻò⣬ȥ

ͷϵˮˣ֥ͷϴĸɾˬɢƤζݡǧ𷽡ϵķƵ趹ЩͣԼãǳĺá

ʱ³ǰҪҪˣ̺ͱÿ϶ҪҪýȰͷˡ

ϸŮͷСʱϡĻëѾںڷÿ֮ǰҪ͵͵ļһЩԺƵģԼʵڿ۾Ͱڶϰˡ

ǧ˰
֪ˣô𣿡

ϰһͷŮһӸꡯˣִһľᣬһرľᣬŸĵƬܿɢĳƮ˵棬ϲʱžŮ˵ٵԸƫ˸׶ЩټÿϱıģٺóԵķҲԣ߶š㣬ҪŬ޳üĿ㣬һλСˡ

֥Ҳ˵׵ˣǼҹԺҪټ˴лĻᣬⷽŮǳԿġ

֪ģҼǶбڳû˽µ档

ŮǸзִģҲһ͹ˣ
֥˸˵µԽԽˣǸʲô㣿

㲻ھ͸Ҷװɡ
֥ԾĿĸס

ǵûУҺҸۼŵԡۺʹģҪ⣬Ҳ֪ǸģõСҲߣҺ˵˵Ǻ˴

ʮ֮ǰǲǻµģ 
֥ȻӲʱкʵľͼޣûкʵҲν

ҹɷί
ͷõСĸ綨ףҪʮٳףĻкõĸ

Ŷûϣȼ֮Ҳ١
ûôǣԼЩѼӵҲ͸ڷ׼ңŮˣиĲ⣬ٵȼ궼Щһ˵ŮôãͲޡ

˵ô˵ȴָͷļкúˣΪһĸ׵뷨Ǹĸغ֪֪٣ڿܸɣǶ˸á

ڶһ磬ľ͸¿ˣŮ¾͸¿ͷؼңǸ
磬ʵ̫࣬һ
ʱöҹˮΪׯˮʡҵر࣬һҲæ˼ľֻˮͼ֣ĻľҲæĹǺ

ȥһң˶һң֥ңݳףЩǲֵģֻǽûǰѣͶޱޱͬ䣬Ҳ˻޵䣬׮º˳Ҳˣǹ֥Ķʦ̷֣ľֶӡ

ľŮ޸ͬУԼľ֪еĵʱȻλͣȴǿľʲôʱƾճԷͰĿͬеϣҲûǣȴǹ̷֥ľѧȥЩдδŮȥһˣͷ̷ľ͸£߶֪֪׵ģºܿͶˣպס

ҪĶҸˡ
챧һС˿¡ڹ֥ķЩģ
ܴ𣿡

㲻Ȥ·ſƯ
һޱޱôϣ֥ðģǱĳĳˣ֥Ѿޱޱ˼Щˣϲˣ˵гϢˣȻϲԼϣҸ

ǻ᲻̫ׯˡ

ɶϷֲ˿Щ˵
ԽԽ죬ȴȥˣ˵˵⼸¡ԼģȴǺϲġ

֥һȹһһչһͷ
ߴޱޱôãҴͭҹڶʰá 

֥߻ֲͦڵģͿȥ˹
ɡ

߻öǹߵġ
֥̾

Ƴһۣ
ҳ׺㣬Ĳ˵ҪԼԺӵҪԼֲŷģеĻ˻룬Ҫǽ˳Ѫ
һŵԴǰѹ֥ſڽ࣬ɶұš

֥ĵڶ磬һҲ˻ǵҲû⵽ӣҲⲻ𣬶ǵһϰԺҲˡ

ҵζãÿըһŵڸһˣʱڼˢֽһ¾͹ģǮھԺӣԺھˡ

˵ھǰҲûԣֻ˵
ĵܡܽųףӶûǮǸǣҪԺӼҲﲻʲôæ

ģǵʱԺǲǮؼҽһЩ׬Ǯͻϡ
翼ǹˣԺǣǲ׬һǮǵģڼĵأҲ᲻ãÿ⼸ĶҵĿ͹ˣԼǷӣԼס˭˭Ҫأ

ʱҪ㼸ܵܶͬС
ûһڴӦ˵ѾּˣڵļҵǼδּҵģǴӦ˱СԹզ졣

ʱһζյˡ
ԣˣӾǵ¶˸Ůױʱȷͽһ̧̧ױ֥᷿ŴϲֵСéݷּҵԼѾоˣ

ӱŻСĹŮվڹ֥Աߣ챻źɷϴԣù𻨡֥ѧۼŮӳϢ
û취ЩƤСһǶϣɺëëʶЩ־ˡ

һɡ
֥ͦʱˣ֪ôĺӱʱ䳤˶Դõģæӹһ

𻨣лл㡣
ɼҵæŮʹ׽׽

лл㡣
ŴŴɤ֥ϲɵСӣ
ԣȻῴȥҺͶ滬ݺòá

ã
ɼҵĿŹ֥Ⱥģкӵ˼Ҷù֥ޣÿκ͹ֿ֥Ҫ߶þãϧ˼Ҵæ˰

ҹֺ͹ֹ֥ĸͦЩǷǵģټҲֵ沺üĿȾԽҲʹĺܣ
ɩֵͦģϲ˶Щ˼òþҪּˡ

ּзּҵĺãּҲвּҵĺãҿͦϲּҵӵģЩ鷳
֥ڶԷּҲǰôˣ֮õĸĸסһȴڱ׵ģʱĻ̫˸ˣԵõĴһ㶼ͶɣڿǷԲϵġ

ĸ⼸Ƣ˺ܶ࣬ȻɩƢҲȷʵǺãһϱûɶʱȵģɩҪ㿴ܲܵס
»˵ˣһˣϱɻƤⷽɶΨһ̰죡
ϵĻ˵ԵıĻ࡯ܿͰǸֳȥˣС㻹ôԲ






108.  ţ   Ŵ

Ŵ, һͣƷſڣ֥, ַŸֱۣ
㡣

һĻֱ¥ϵ۵ףԺǸòȴвмϣҴɣɥĸֱּҺʼϼС׷ϷйΪɣʳذٻż궼ǧӣڵķТ˳ĹŮû

̾˿ɫɫĶ, Щ꾹ԽԽˡ

ĽŲ¥ݿ, ԼԼܿ¥µĸŮ¥´, 
ƹģҸ, ÿӡ

ү

޵ĴӺԺ, ֻص, ڵǱһĵСû˺ˮ

Ӷ˵ЩСˡ
Щź

ƹĸɣίʵûС
ȴ֪үҪʲô

뿪ֽӻ, ӵҲֻǺԺ̫С¿ϽԺӾת, ⷿҲŲ˶ٶ
ŻôǮӻóģȻûУ¥ϵ䷿Ӷ˵ͬ, Ժôխܸʲô

ǡ
ƹŸ˵

ȿȡ
ȴ¥ϴٵĿæһ
ȥһ¡

û¥ϵĿƽЪƹĴ¥֥ĵ˾䣬
Ⱦ˷纮򿴹𣿡

ƹݵ
ѾˣҲҩȴܲЧ

ûкתӦûҽݿԵԭкܶ࣬жϴ˷ز顣

С˵Ķԣͳȥ
ƹһߣ
鷳ƹˣǾȸˡ

֥ǰֻͷӵĶ¥һۣίʵ벻ӵһһһڶļֵĳأ

ƹȥҩתһȦͻת¥
ү

ûСѾͷûʮ⣬ҪãȴҵĿģ
λҷ˼
ˣȥʩʱ

ññСݳǶһõĺܣΪСѾͷ׼ٿһȴҪãЩ껭ֽɲԼĿġ

ʱϣŮ˵Լ뷨
뿪ļΪԺֽ껭Ϊ¥¥µӿջƹݵǺʣһӣԺס˷㣬Ժ㣬Լǡ

ǾٵȵȰɡ
֥ͷƹүүĻѰ˼ṩ鱨Ĳǰ㣬ôҪԼжϣΪͬѡһҲһ

ӵĶҲȨ֮ңӣඣ֮ԼԶĺã˵ԲѵģǸȨ˰Լ˵ͣΨһʶʩҲھǰ

ҡڵĵ̫Ѱˣ˵ǰ껹ܼ©붼룬ûҲֻһԭǶӵľĲǿңԼȥûб˳ļ󣬹֥ŬתԽ²͸˼ӵԭ

һ˾ǶҪϻεĻͶŵññСݣ֥ͷó͹ȥ

ס
үүңҪˣûҪҰæġ
ҽҲȥүүҰɡ

ǶûؼңȥЩпȥѰѰӣкʵһҲԵġ

ҪȥЩ֥λȥѼĳõĲˣؼ˵úܶ࣬ԶЩС͹ȥ

ӻ̣֥˴ţӲԶ͵
ţ˿Ӧúˣ˳ȥŰɡ

֥λȥѴĥȹǵĹ߶ȥˣСѾţ˿Ϊţ̫ûļڹƺˡ

ţЩûˣ˽æ赹裬磬
ֵܽæЩɶ

Щ캵æŽء
Ǹû⣬ھǵţûũﶼǳģ
Ǳ߿ӾЩӵԶľֻܸɵˡ

ҿӶڼˮӵˮȱ
֥Աţ˿棬һţ˿ʿ治ͣţºܵصԼĶϵţǿġ

壬
Ҷε֥Ժ۾һ͸һɾϲ
СӺʱģ

תͷԶŮͼһۣ
λǣ

С
ҶεֳɵĿţ

ɣ
ţЦŵܣ
ҹùüҵĺӣϿסҼҡ

λˣܽϿѾǾˣ̫ѵˣţи
һĿţܵ⣬Ҷεֱɫ΢졣
***
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Ӻ֥ЩղԼԿ̫ˡ

ߣһҴŮģžͲ˳ۣ
Сжʮ˰ɣȢûûȢ޿жףҿ˵öоٺӵĶУڻĸǲʤö١

㶼˵İ
֥Σ̫ˣ
Ȳ˵оٵδ˱ͺ٣˵˼Ҷ˼Ҳģ˵ĸѰףλ£˵ˣ׺ʲôϵĪȥ˵˼¡

ŮȻûϡ˿ֲ֪ϸɻģŮԽԽϢﰵֶ쵽Լǰ˿̫ˣСӾԶŮͼ
İɣֲӣɫҲˣۿȥүүҰɣñء


¥ǰΧһȦں
ͣһ㳯Ϸǳۡ
ѣ
զ

ֵˡ

Ҫ
˸˵İӪķһŵϣְյҡ˺ö£һӡ
˶ɴ۾ţ
㡱

ģ㾹ȻײӪ̫ɶˣ
һô߲˰
ã˭ҵģӮ㣬ҷ

ﾹȻҶĲȥ𣿡
ɶһϷ˰ɡ
ʲôϷͦ˼ġ

ññСƳķ壬˵ǸģҾͦ˼ùŮҲһ

Ǯ
ֻҪʮġ

̫ˣ˵㣡
ﶼۣ۵ģ
ĵĶλµĿͻţ
ֽ涼Ϳˮۣͼôӵĵ񹤾ϸ˵ˢᣬϸ˹ǮññСݶʵϼۡ

˵ʮĳ齱һΣǸס

Ǹ⼸Ŀ̫࣬ҹ涨ÿһףȹЩӻٷſ򡣡

ñӿԴ𣿡

ԣ͹ٿĸá

һȦѡ˺üԼеġ

͹Դ
ɵϰŰñһĸԴ

޶ĲǸʲôɫţ

ҵеɫɫǺԷ׵һɫ

ɡ

õģ
Ҫְñȡȴͣ
ˣҾʹŰɡ

ҰѱǩҪ˵ġ

Ǯ
ⶥñʮġ

ٿ
λһ˻ǲУʮľͲŴղ˵

ſһŵĵɫ鲼סЩȥ˼ϱôһ鲼ͦװģ
鲼һ𣿡

ֱֿĶʮģбĶʮģͼһ͹ٿѡ
óʱ䣬ֻͼ̫ÿˣѡ˸÷ģ
͹Ǻ۹⣬÷õġ

Ľӹ˾ʮǮһŽĻԱݸ
͹߳齱

诺ܿѱЩҵ鲼ãľͰ÷ͼģǱѾкµĿˡ

λ뿪ññСݺŻȻԼǷģôණ⼸Լϲ

ȹ֥ԤϵĻҪ𱬣СӶͯӵˣٵҹչؼҵˣ㺢ģдԼģʱ̫ˡ

ɺëëҲ˲ϰˢֽˣ˻һŵӡˢ
ɫˣϵϡ
ˣŪˡ
İɡ

˾Ǵ淴涼ҪһŵĶٶۡ
һ塱
Сʯͷһ߹ԹԵʶȲ˵٣ˡ
һٷװһֽǼЩ԰Ϊһݣ˷㡣

ʵ̵֥ķҲ򵥣һľһ滭ͼͿˣȻλʦֵıҲ̲
̷ľҲͽܽӸСȨϰװ̣׬СǮֻǷͲˣ
ҹﲻ˯ľ屻ǿ̷˿ôʰǡ

׶ӣûɶ˵ģ
⼸Ҫ̫ˣһһף֥˵û׬㣬ˡ

⻹ǣǷ̷ľҲǼ򵥵ģرǷȫñĶͷĲ
Ƿ٣Ȼȥ˯һٰһϡ

Լͷܼʱ̷ľӻȥ˯ڽӵְ棬һܳģſţĿ̵ϵľԱһƣͷ˼鷽Сľ鷿ϵëʿʼľͷдһֺ֡
***
ڿʼˣ󣬾ǴӻʳǵڳǸϼȺоͱ˻ˣʳǵĿ϶Ǽʱ˿̣Ȩ֮Ҳ˳֡

ǰޱޱҹ֥
֥ȥǱ߿ڻʳſڿЩҴһȥɡ

Ҫʲô
֥Ųȥأ
ʱҪֲź氡

ҪȥĿ
СĵطһҪ׼ö
ޱޱ۾һҲҪ֡

֥Ͷޱޱ˺öһĻ֦ȷ˻ƿһҹڶһÿһµСȸ͹Ӽֱ֮ϣôѾн·άˡ

Сӣߣ
ʶ֥˿ͺ߼絽ññСݵʵ˿֥ͣ߹Цʣ
Ǵʲôˣ

ǴһͺĻأ
֥ԼǿǴССʵĻ̵ĺġ

û㿴һ˾
˻ཻŴġ

ǲ˭״Ԫ
һ幫ӣ
ŹҲпܣ

幫·Ķš
ŹӲò˫ȫٷ硭
˵˵žͷͷˣ˵ɲѡҲʥϰ
ʥҪʲôΪأ

ʢۼ̳˸ʵԸѡιԱһ׽ʿڣ
״Ԫһӣ

̽ž

㼲һտ
ʱЩʫ֮ʱ̡

Ǵʱ⣬׷ʻЩνֵĽʿȥȴİۺ̽ࡣ

ˣ
֥ΧȺʼɧ


֥ץŻĻյĺܣžȻϳӻ֣
ۣ̽ɣ
֥Уץһѻһžݸ

ޱޱûʶԼҲſ֡һƫˣǻ궼Ű۵ȥˡ

Զͷδ޶ñµЦΪԼûأô໨ԼжⰡ˲û״Ԫһɢһͷ

ޱޱֻǰӰһԼϵһ֦Ͳˣ̧ͷͼϵ˳һԼ΢ЦϲһĨ죬ǽԶȥ緢ӰЩ






109.  ˵   żҴ

żҴ
ΪƵԭ, żҴﲻ࣬ɽϿĵֻܺڶ, ҼһŽ֯鲼Ҳ±壬ܵ˵һĴӣ⼸ɽ޻֯Ĳֶһ޲

汲鲼ӽ꿪ʼҲ˱仯鲼ԽԽãҪնյΪá

ʱ鲼ɵָ˰ȥлǮ, ǼǮ, һƥģȴҪһһµʱ䡣

֥Ҫ鲼Ҫ, ΪҪĲϺʵͨ鲼˫, ǮҲ, һƥ

鲼ֻñ, ֥ĸ֯ģ֯õ鲼֥رɫԼԼȾֺʵ鲼ϵñӵڻññСݶеġ

ĸ֥֯һӴ´ֱ࣬괺˱仯, ֥Ʒ鲼ûһӼӴˣʱĸҹӰ֯, Ƿ죬ɽ֪Ȱǣ
Ƕȥ, ˼ôأæͰѻųȥһЩûΪǮӡ

ǵ˵ųȥǮʣ

İʮİɣҲȻ߶Щ֯ҲĶ࣬ǿ϶ġ

ǮȻ⣬Զÿ¸ׯһλǻǮԶҲѧ˽˭ͲͰǮ˼ңԸ֯˲͹

һ磬ԶԺ׼ȥˮ
ɩӣô

֯һƥ㲻Ҫȥͻȸ͹
Զӷ£ӹ鲼˶᷿ϱҲ𴲣ѻϴȻҪ˵ˮ̶ϴһƥæӹҲûŽǮȰѲϴ򿪼һ顭

Զ͵Һ˸µҪ
֥˵޻ֲ֯ͷϱȷһЩһֵ͹Ⱦɫ֯á

֥λÿɫԼȾûôʱ䣬鲼ɫŸȾҲˣЩߵ˳ȾȾ˳ĺɫǲԼЬӴ

Ƕʮĵ鲼ִģֻȴֻ˸аʮĵ鲼ͻͻģ֥ĥôȥأ
ĳֻΪûʶģֺɫĴֲбͦÿİҪԼȥͭ׺һ£

֥ģ
ĸɤںԺ

ž̽ǸС᲻ϣ̫̫ڼޣҲ˼ľ¥˼磬ڴ磬Ҫݶյźڼ죬˵Сվ˳

أ
еĺɫֲ֥Խһתֱ˺Ժýһɫ 


վԹԵù֥Ѱ浽ϣ֥Զ˿ۣа
λô

ͦÿġ
ֻͷÿҲҪ˵ÿһ治

ðɣ֥ԴԼаʽˣŮӵİҪСŶ԰ʱд

ǰҪѰ˭֪һŤӶ㿪ˣ
ˣҾŰɡ

ǺƤָָ֥ǽĵӣ
ɣж೤ʱĿգ

ؼҳԷûлҰæġ

еģ
֥ʹһ㶼ģ
дĲд֡

ˡ
һ֥ȥԺţֻҶε˸վ棬
Ҷӣǣ 

ȥˣұҰҪţ˳·
Ҷε˵ŵͷóһһ̧ͷͿһİվڹ֥棬ϴһ˿죬
λǣ

Ұɣ
һְѲ˹֡顯Źϡ


֥ҪըˣʹһƣԼִŶԾҶεǸ
лҶˣһͷϣţ˰
ǱҶε뿪ˣ֥δͷ棬
˼ҺĺҴ㾹Ȼ˼ҵ˦ţھվ
˵š顯Ÿˡ

һŴ򿪣һ°ͣ
ʲôо
ղ˭
ȴʵ

ո̽ȵͷಡ˻ȥΪӻ˦ȥأԼ߿ˡ



ʪůĶϷˮ˾ǵĴأƬܸɺؽһĹȣʪķϷ̴Ҳʻ˾ǣšʩ̴ֱͣԺ

ӵ￿ͣ˲ٴСС̴⼸ԽԽ̻˿ӱߵԺӣΪıݡ

ʩ񵽵ʱѾʩӭ˳
һ·˳

У
ʩ׵
ﴺʲô£

һ׽ʿ²һӰͷ

ͺãᰶúö飬ʱʩҵҲԻһ

úŬ
ʩ˵һ£
ǡӡ˳Ѱףֻ˵׵˸ţ̡

ӡ˳ҲһλˣЩǵѪֻЩԣһֵܾˣʩʹ˾ϼ 
֪ˣȥ˵

ʩһ絽ӣƹĵ黭ӻ˻ܿƹĻ
ңﵱ絽¥һ˵󡣡

ƷԱߵľ¥¥ż䣬ƹѲ˹ζ˳Լͼ
˵ʩϵܺññСݵĶھӣðϵܰˡ

Ȼ޺磬ʩû뵽ôҪ
һֻƷĺñӵʲôҪˣ

ϵ֪ܿˣ

ʩҡͷ

Ǿˣɽ࣬ҼҶָ١

ʩһ֪ˣ
Ǯǡ

ҼȻʩֵˣȻǮ³ɣҸֵ
˵˳һơ

ʩȴ΢΢ҡͷ
ˣҺֵַͬһ㣬ŮھҲףгҾͰ˵һ
***
֥ŴʩԼ֣æܵīЦʵ
ʩʱģ

ղŵ㸸⼸տǣ

Ҫ¸ʩҾ͸Ӹš

¡

յźһ͵ˣ͹֥һīĺԺʩ˳Լ˵˵ˡ

͵ķӣǮ򣿡
֥һȻʣ˵ƷΪɶԼأֻԼҲûʲôģͰԼ֮ºʩ˵һ飬
ĪǴ͵ѧգٰջȥɣǿеȱ¡
֥˲

ղջȥ˵ٻǮġ
ʩҲĴ˲ص
˼أǲҲ޷ҼȻˣر֤Ǳ߲ᰵк㡣

˭֥ȴҡͷ
Ҫ
ⷽԼʵӲ˶ļֱֵ˶ˣԷҹζܻ࣬ǮͻǮ

һ󣬻īĺԺ֥һμλﵱңҲʮ꣬ǡӡƺţԼ͸һɾ 
ﲮǮܽ¶£ǽˣǱȻǮ

˳Ź֥СС˵ĻѾͷǰһҵ۶˰ɣʵ
˵Ǯأ

żȻãⷽӼȻﲮϲҿʹһǧᡣ
֥ʨӴ󿪿ڡ

˳һѾͷҪ

ʩˮֶһϹ˵ãӲסˣﰵã

Сӣһǧ̫˰ɣ
˳һ򵭶ɫЩڣԺӶٹἸǧĺͨÿ׬ǮǶˣÿһȫҲʮᡣ

ﲮˣ
֥׼
ھǽˮһǧھǵļǮʮǮһʮɺˣһǧᣬɱ׬ǮӻأһĺģǾʮǮһ㣬һǧҲռһǮİɣͿǳļ磬ԽˮΪͨԴԴϵسǣǿǲԴ
֥һ̴ž죬˵ǻˣȻҪȥɱҲȷʵܿɹۡ

˳ԼųơӡλûˣҲ֥һ㷨˵鼤һҧ
ɽ





110.  ̱   ̸˼Ǯ

̸˼Ǯ, һЩϸϵ̸ˣ֥Ӧ˷ֻһ, ˵ññСݻվɣΪԼҲˣ˳ҲѾ֥ղŵ뼤ģʩļ֤ǩԼ

֥պԼһԼԲף죬ķΧҲȻ˺, ֿ֥ʼԼҵ, 
ﲮⷽȥ, ԺҲ޹ˣֻЩ, ȥķ, һϣܳ, и鲻֪

˳ͷ
뽲

ﲮ϶ҲԼԹȻЩ𣬵ʵҲǿõ, Ҳ֣ʱЧֶùԸо, ˺÷ӣΪ˳÷չôһԼƷ, Ժôһһ˵뵽ҵá
֥ԼññСݱǩһţ
ﲮ뿴ñӵ̱꣬ԼƵģﲮֶŮԸֻͣҪֹѾͿԡ
һС鷽鲼ɫĲñͼĸɫ֡绪ñ滹һС֣ññС سƷ

ññСñĺãҲҪ绪ñЩСӹϵ֣˵ġñ޶ñɫññϴͼ֥֮࣬ҲǺֵģһññ֮󷻼䶼á绪ñƺԼҵñӣ̱ꡣ

֥һ֮Ůñӵгʱھǵĸл𶯿ɲС˳ţȻǩҲܸȤ
ֹѶ٣

ʮǮۡ

˳Ľɫδ䣬ȴǡ飿զɱأϴ
ǻ˰ɡ

ʩȴΪ⶯īëʺֽҲСˣɻкܶԼֽͱȴ֪
֥īһɣǻĲ̫һ𣿡
еģʩֻҪǮͿˡ

̫ˣ
ⲻ۸˳ɫڣŭվȥ 

ﵱ
ʩæվס
С˵˵ɡ

֥æվԽͣ
īֳɵֻ֣ͼëϵıǩСʩԼֽ

˳ȻҲû̸ɣһҲŻǮԩǮŲỨء

֥Լӵĵһ̱ƶīĻƷʽһΪӡֽϣһΪǩëʺСϡ

֥֪Լˮƽޣ뻨ǮԮ֣
ҽ˸Ҫ壬⣬ÿһǮ

ʯƳ˹֥һۣ
㻹˵ҰæأҵĻôֵǮ𣿡

ôһһٹɡ
ָ֥ǽϵһʵ

ࡣ
ɵһһͼĹ˵ģĻֽɡϵĻƽʱЩ˻ҲлгǮҲ֪һ

֥Լ̵ֽϣ
ֻҪôһһǮ𣿡

ʯǰֽϵСԲȦȦſڽ࣬һǮ治١

۶꽻ķϣиµͲˡ
֥ȻгԼļƻ˵һֶʯˣ 
ǲеڣ

֥üһ
ڣΪԼĻֵһǮ𣿡

ʯæҡͷǱ벻ܳϡ

֥ͱˣ
ҰЩ黭ʦҪԼӡֵǮ𣿡

ֵֵã
Ѿͷˣʯæֽ£Լǰ
һͷ͸㻭໭Լ

֥ƣɫ͵ǳЦ
乫Ӳ֪Ƿÿգ

ʯ̧ۿСѾͷЦĸƵģ
ûգ

Ź֥˵նͷ˼˳ӵ鷿
ɶԷ֮黭Ȥ

еıʣ
֮䣿˵

ʯֽͲչ׵ֽȴкۣܶԲз
ǣ

㿴Ʒա

͹֥Ц֮ɲһֱŸף
Ǻ⣿
Լ׬Ǯɡ

۸ºú˵˵
ʯǽãԱӵķк¡

괺ҲʥΣ״Ԫ۲˽ⲻ˵̽ʶ֮ˣʥȻûи״Ԫ֮ȵõְ¹ٵģһҪ㵱ף֪žҪģҪҶ˵ѧʶˣһֻʥ֮ˣ𣿡

ף

Ҫþ̣žũ֪֮ǻѧ࣬ѧ磬ȽӴЩ̼֮£˽һЩ֮

û֨Щìܣĸ׵Ӱ̫ˣʯ̾
Ҫ˵֥ѾͷǸҵţ֪һ˶𣿡

⻰ȻȤ
٣
ĶЩ˽⣬ֻ֪Ļܵģ
Ҷίб˼ӹģԼĺ١

ʯӽ˹֥ССҵȦӣǳصľӪʽֳ̱棬
Ǹ̼Ҷӵģ֥õַʽһδֻҾĺӱȤӵĵһӾ뵽ҰæǸ۹ġ
˵ʯеɫ黭ڵ»Щģ֥Լ黭Ʒ¶ˣǱҲ⡣

ʵȷʵ⣬ʩ񿴵֥ͼӡºܳԾ
֥ǮǲƣٸǮ
ǱŸ֥뷨˭СѾͷ´˹۰ 

òã
֥æ־ܾеͼȦ͵
С乫ƵģǸҵҲۡ

ۿ֥Ҫߣʩˣ
еߣʣ¼ܸ𣿡

֥۾һתԼأ
²УҴӦֻѡһġ

ʩЩźһ뵽Լ̱ǸƵģ֥뿪ƹķ

ºһʯ̵ӡºһɫǩ͵ī
ǽá
֥ùһֽбһԲӡպɫӡǵֽϣӡԱ߰õһֽֽϡ

Ϳɫǩ򵥣ֱëʱʸϣ֥ҲһһС
Ա˰ףֱճ׵ʸϣȥõ˺Ҳ㡣

ʩǳ⣬ˣһݵﵱҵƷһ԰ڣ
С֮ĶȾ֪̱֮˭𣿡

˳ʯӡºСǩЩΪȻ
㵱黭ӿٵİҸдд˻򵥡

öӡСǩ乫乫֪ʦкԺƺ֡

ӡ˳һѰ˹ȥ黭Щ۹⣬ϸ֮ȴ
ϧˣ
һѻϵûˡ

Ǹ̼֣Ǹʦ
ʩӡСĵЦһ뿪ˣ̱ƣǰһӡ̾͹ˣɶ氡
***
ޱޱĴ֥֮϶죬űõĻγ˴ţ֥žϵˮŮ˼޳ȥӴԺ˼ҼҵˣţԼ׵ĺá

ޱޱֻ˾ͳ֥Ÿ˹ϵתһȦ
һ֬Сӹͦ۰

ޱޱץס첲£
ɱתˣתͷΡ

ȻƤͺˣ֥бһۣ
û
ճײڸֱ֣СЬզ죿

ڸǴɩ£ϲ徲ҪǺ밲ǸԺӶǸ԰ţڼҲ£ӣһؼҡ

⻹治֥û뵽ǺլԺɹӡ

ô򵥣
ޱޱĻ֥˼
ԺûͨĲ徲ԺӶڶأҳӻ徲

УȻû˼
֥̾붼Ϣ

ޱޱȻҲԸЩ£Ź֥˵ԭ
÷һӣǼ˼ҷ£ҪǮ㣬־ҵͷϣ侮ʯ֮ˣӵļǮҲˣҪ𣿡

ոյһǧǮĹ֥еС÷۹⻹ͦŵģ¾͵
Ҫ

Ҵȥ
ޱޱѾСæ֥Щ·ƵľֱüһæǰסС
Ҫ˵Լȥһ۾У߸ҲС

ޱޱΪ³ģοϣ
ҲҪȥһۣǿԵ÷ҪǱ߸׼ҪǮϲá

ڹ֥ЩӶС̵Ĺ⣬һž
ʣ»ǿ׵ģ˶ˡ

Ͼͼ˽ڶһ簴֥˵Ĵ˼еǮϵ˾ǣǰӣǿֻһ۾ǮһǧٹᣬǱ߱ǮˣļǮ

ȻðЩҵǶԵģҲץǮ
п





111.  ѧ   ˺

ҵǱߵĹܼȥ, ֥￴ţǸ, ΪִæĻﶼûļգƹĴż˸ոհߣǼҲֹһӣֻ׬ǮӵļǮúʲģ֥ƹ˵Ƿʲôȴһֲ, ֥Ҳ², Ī»βգ

õӣ֥ѾӶɨ˳, ûдȴſŷǳĳ, ˰Ű嶼, , ɫ磬
⸽תתٻȥɡ

ûп֣֥ȴǳ, ֻΪӿԺܽԺǵԺĽʦҲѧʶ֮, ֥¾ڴ˶顣

ԺƽһܶСӱˣȴټ, ͯŵĶȻһ˽ӣ֥·һЬ׿ӵĸˣ
һ˽ӵ

λȻ˵Ķǹ֥ģ
ʮǰеţģѧܿԺ
ĪǸСֹ֥

ǽմŵԺ˼ŮԺУϦѸŮӰϳ
Сʯͷ顣
СʯͷѾˣѾѧ䣬͵ڴͯȶ꣬
ʮֱԺ顣

̫ˣ
֥ҡͷͬ⣬
֪ͯô˼ţ

಻һûУǾΧͺȥʶֵģԼûиţ̳ܽ

˼Щζ֥Ȱ
㿴˼Һɶ꿪ʼСʯͷÿѾʶ˲֣ǵ˽Ӷȫû⣬Ƿڼ˷ʱ䣬һΧӰˣ˲զ죿

ò⣬
Χزģ᲻ᱻĺ۸

ҪΧ˽ӵĿڱõģ˵۸СʯͷǿԻ˽ӣû۸ĵ
СʯͷֲǱߵĺӣƽʱڼҰų˰ŻƺǾֲСһ㺢ǺܻദģȻҲŮ˵ˣ
ȥĸ׺Сʯͷ˼ҪСʯͷԸС

СʯͷȰȰС
庢ֵ֥ĺܡ

ϾǶˣũСѾոĵʱһվҪ½ʼˣ֥Ȼ࣬ÿũæڼæġ

ӴһŮȥ˹ùüҸ˹÷һԿףϾˣӾ͵պʰ⼸ľ͵ÿȱϴЩС

֥ԼԺſ˳ͿԺŴţĸſڿɥţ
˼ȢϱǼ⵹ãϱûžߥŷּңǸɥĵġ

ΧһֵȶûУ֥ԼİٳԼԺӡ

ͳףԼԺʰأүү̴󲮴һӶڣүү
һùȥǣôǿǱԼԼʰ

Ȳ˵ˣҪǿ϶ԾƣҾֵĲÿ

Ȼȥݺ˵һ˵ǣĥ͸ˣ㲻βǣʲôӣԺ͵ûԺҲ̤һ

ȢϱǱһ˼ң⼸һֱֵʳĲ۵ãѾѾ

ǸҲļͥ
ĸȫЦôһ֣ʮЦĻ³ɷ游ĸ˶˼ҶһҡͷܸʲôãǶԸĸǸ޵׶

ѾѾׯŮӵٮٮߣܸɣǰ͵˵׵䣬˵ΧӣǱСӶ׵ģǲӦۿһȥˣһ굽ˣĸ׾˼ǴʱģŮ˰

Ů˵޸󣬴ûŮĸ׶֣Ǻ׵ӡӿģ
ٺùŲҲܼޡ

浥ĲѾѾûѹŵ£Ȱĸף
Ҽڱܿңǰ˵޶ƭҵĲɣ

۲׳ֵΪ϶ƭԼӣŸ˸ףŻ
ȻƽʱֵܣǸҴǲС

ĨĨѪҵֵܣԼٴҲֵãѾѾǴһܸɹ붼ģ˵ʵڵЩԱУЩŬɻ׬Ǯʱ˺һֱĵףŮӻ޸Լһ˵Զʲôʲôģˣһ㶼ûŻ֣ôɵɵİ˶ᡣ

ץסھӴԼһץסˣʱԱһܶ⣬ؼҰһϴĸңýס

ЩǮû游õǲǮðľͷʯͷ˸ԺӣǮҲؼãǰСס̰ģʵҲ²ʱǺø׾˴ȥķ䣬һǮûԺŽųԺ˰죬ھȥ׺ͣ

֥׬ǮҲĴ㣬й֥ھ˸СԺӣýҡͷ˵ܼҲͬӷϷŷ˲ܼңý˵ڶεţ¾Ͷˡ

ǱģҲļ򵥣ǰԺףǸڵھӾǲܼңԲѾѾĸϲ

ϲҲзŮˣеһֳˣӾʱѾȵЩˣ
Ҫл磬ûҶȢѾѾ
Ҳ֪⻹ģѾѾųԾʱʱеᡣ

ڹ֥æȣǰľȴĻͺ˳֣Ȳõˮҵӣĥȹǣ棬װȶװһһСӣԺӳһ

װĶǰȣıǩ϶Ǻɫӡ£ľȡëȡīȡЩ͵ǰϴӵģӻΪپ½ļӣ⼸꾩ȵԽԽ࣬Ҳ˲٣ֻһֱֻȣ򵥵ǮҲû׬

ֻǽ˱仯ǰ˴Լǲմģڿɲһˣ֥ԼҲŮŻһЩ

ŵĺֽֽҲܱʣù֥Ļ˵
ȥҲǺõġ

Ů˵ĶǶԵģǰϻ껭֥ͻԼĶͯ磬߻Сʯͷƣ
ĳɼμˣȡıᱻСģµģɾͿˡ

СʯͷֱίεʹУСԴ棬
İɴ㣬һԵġ

æµչȥһլһҲڣҲǸϻպ׼ؾǣɿҲܸˣ
磬Ҳð˸ԺӣȰʱʹɩǶһš

õģҲ͵˵һھð˸ӣȿҵҲ

ϲˣʱһȥ
ֻĽķݣӶѵû˵ⶼⲻ

һҸŻؾ˵˼仰ˣǴһ֣ʣµľиĸտţǰ¼ٻߡ

ͷǮɹ
е̴ʵԱ߲ĶӣǮˣҪզ죿ɼ׬Ǯ⼸˸ɽͷＸٹеģ򾩳ǵӿ϶

ʱ˼ҵǮҴӾ˾һ֣ûɶҲŻ
Ȼ˵Լ͹ŮմǮ͹ˣÿҪġ

ǾͺãǾͺá
˵

Сʯͷ

һ𣬹ʱɿɲ˵ģ
˾ҪӹȥԽ̣

ʱæĺпգ
ҡͷ
ԺܽΧм˽ӣҴ·ҲѧӣҾСʯͷס

Ա۾
ɣÑΣ

Ҵˣһ˵ǱߵıīֽһĻҲ¶ࡣ

ϾܼУѹסˣֻЦ˵
Ҳã˵֥һҲһھǣӦҲġ

ؼҺЩأ͹Ů˵Լĵģ
̹Ҳȥ飬˵զ죿

֥û£ 
ƽʱСʯͷĺãһȥҲûɶҪүү̬ȣÑھǵĻҪǶ˵ףͦõġ

Ҳû
ʵұţСʯͷ飬ɲȥĻ˻϶Լһġ
Ӳһ룬ȥ겻ȥ˵ǵСʯͷһСʯͷҪǽƲҪ˵ġ

ûȶãϳ˷ǣ˴ɼ
˵СʯͷҪҪţҲ֪ǱղգյĻܲҲȥסﵹҲ鷳ˣʳֳɵĴЩȥҪ˰Ǯ

ͦģ
Һ͹÷Լȥʰӣʱɸһȥٶɡ

תһȦؼˣӿɾСʯͷҲ˶٣ȥԺ͹Ӽ濴ȥҲˣҲôķ顣

¾Ժ飬öͬΧ˽ӳģ¾ʹ˵ҽõ
ȥ˾ˣڿƾٽһѾ˵ѧӣƫЩʱ䳤ֺģһλ̹ѧ˵κ˼ֻҲҪμӿƾ٣֪˼ж١

֥ЩȦôѡ
֪ܲȥڿΣ

ҰʣӦǿԵģѧҲҪ˵ģȥ˼Ҿյġ

˽Ůȥģ֥һСŸںңŮ˸дһ˶ʹ֥ǣ
Ͼ˶ʮ飬ǧġķǳ͸ҲԺͯ齲Σѧ٣ֻʮ

ǣ
ģ͹ˡ
ԼĺԼСʯͷûŮĴӱ

ͷѾףȻԼڿƾϲ޽̺ˮƽ˵㣬ֻԸոĺӣϣСʯͷȾɣʻУȾȴûɶһͲա

֥˼ֻھܾǰԼȵ
͵ܵ˶飬ԸԾЩౡܹ֮ʮҸһµġ

žܾĻ˵ˣͿ㱾벻ߣԺ飬һǼӣѾ˶ʮ꣬滹ãȽŶˣ֨֨λƵģѾӰ캢Ͽζˡ

³һ͹ɡ
˺һ͵˼ˡ





112.     ЩȻûھ

ЩȻûھ, ǶڰѰƹĺСѡڻҪӸ, ӣǶԽƹ͵Աԡ

ûԼӣǸׯһ̯ӣññСݹ֥ǲǴţҲֻܵ˦ֶңѸԣÿ絽⿴ıˡ 

ƹĵǺöǶҵܵ, ͬŵ, 黭ƹľ飬Ҳͼڸ, Ҫס

Сǳҵģ֣²ھ, öҪ˵

Ǯɵĸ׺֣¸ǵһξʿ, սɳʱ, У͢ĸֻǱˮнʧ˼ﶥӷǳļѣеֵܶĵ, Ǯɵ岮ĵضȥ֣˵ǸʳҲڶѡ

Ǯɵĸд, ѼĶصͼ˼岮ǮĸײˣҲû, ĸϴϴҲܹȥ֣żӼһ£ȼĵҲξͽܸ򵱸ȵСƣ
ǲʶ֣򡢹ֻ֥ɸɾС

ֻҪ˻ʵϾУ֥ú
Сʯͷסʱ̿ҲУѧҲϸѧòһͻˣиĸ׵ЩӻԺס¡

ĸסľ˯
Ǯʾⶼ£ĸķӻأǰǱʡĹǮǾ׬ǮȻû飬ȴžžġ

ӱǽһƫǰùֳֺ֥ڵĲɾɴƫظЩ᷿ˣéӣԼסȻǰԼʰ

үүü˵ϲҵ֥
û£ֻҪ³һǰʰþС
ǵǻã׺ӻŸڿҵǰѷӳȻҵԺվˣӶ˹Ϲڡ

ľ⼸Ҳ̯ӣ˼ҵֶͽܣһСרľȹǵľϸĥʹɵ߾Ʒ·ߣڴȣҲıЩǺľȹǣСǣǸʣ춼æȹǣٽЩˡ

ǴɵĻ϶ǲƴǵġ

ôӿһ춼ǮģľԿױżڼʱͰѷȵмܶˣ̸ǾһͨæЩܺññСݶ࣬ͽҲ졣

䷿Ժͦ˵ĳԺ˯һҪռ䣬˵䷿ΪӶкŵԭʵֻ룬ⷿһ仹ӣܲӿӣҲֻŲһסһ䷿͵úúÿռ䣬
үүΪ˷ӿЩѴ͹Щʽ

Ӵ򵽶⣬´ô·

йָ֥㣬´ܿʹˡ

дһף֥⼫ˣ÷
ʮס

˵͸Сʯͷ˽ʱֲ˽Ӷô죬ľѣ
һȥ֤³һǰ͹

ɺСʯͷ֥ҲûţԼҰֽȱرˢˮİֽ˾һˢŽһǽֽտʼ˴ɻɵ˰ֽǽԱשǽһԱȣǸоͲһˣ
ð

´֥ҲûСڵĳߴ߰Ҳ֪ӿԺëëЩСӵþų棬ʱⴲҲܼһ

ɴһЩҪ˲̫̣˶´ǳ⣬ڹӣźǽǽأǳװ

ϱ߿һŴӣǽһܣߺã˶⣬һڰ춼Կдֶá

ææµµİ¾͹ȥˣһʺϿҵļգá¡صĿҵˡ

ׯ˸ˣ⼸Ƕоˣÿ˸첲˸첼æţ浱СģάģĻﶼģԼҵһ

ҵʯǺ첼ֺοˡ

˵˼䣬
λλѴҺãáڴ˸лλѡ
ļΪϣΪһ˿껭ֽΪϣ⡭Ϊ˸лҵ֧֣ҵƳ˴ת̳齱ҵĳŮҽܡ

˵ȴΧĳѵ˺ԺȲ裬߾ͽŮæˡ

οҵգǼԺŹӼĽڼգԱ壬ҲˡõϢΧ۵ɲ٣Ҫ˵ϲȵĻЩӹŵĶˡ

ֵĽͷϴñӵİСڿžߺȣ
ÿҵ߹·Ҫ

ʲôģ

ȣֻҪʮľһѰȣ͹ҪҪȥ

ҵʲôۻǳ齱
ԴññСݳ齱Ⱥӣ治ӶƵĻܶ˶ʱȥ׬Сˡ

۹֥ڲǣڳ齱

ת̴齱һȽֵĵһѡ

ɶת̣

Ҳ˵ҲԶҪȥһۣ

ģ

ǰΧ˺ܶˣŲǸ߸ߵĴת˵

Χ۵ָ۷׷ף

Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣһȽôϸһ죬ôתĵ
ǰ㿴һξ͹ȥˡ
λ˰ɣ˽ôôλãĸ˰

֥Ÿͭ溰
Сĳ齱ǹƽķʽתǸнģʽ뼸λת

ʲôǸнģʽ

㿴תһȽֻռ˺ССλãתϾռ˺Сĸʣپǳ齱
ȺѧõԱ߽һ۾ǣ
Ҳƽ

ȺŽž֣֥ͳһ㣬
λȾ֣һλ̨𣿡

ң
ң
׹׷׾֣֥˳ֵĸףڴתվ
ǿȼתûдʯ

ټתǷ˳

һת̿ʼѸת˶ת̲գֱۣתڰʹ
һȽһȽ
аβסľͺ

˽ϲλӣ
֥ܹʽĸл
һλ

ԼȽνֻŲ˲֥Ա߿˿ջȺü۵ҡŻ벻⣬Ƥ֮֮̾

һתת̵Ǹйģʹ˸ɾת̶ĺۿҪͣڶȽм䡣

ͣ
֥סת̣ͷ˵
֪кܶйģҪʹɾת̱תһȦϲ

ΧֻȻе˵
ԣӦ
С𣿡
ƽ

֥ԱվŵĹӵ
λת

һȦϣһ˽ڴһΪת̾ƭ˵ʱ򣬵λ˶һת
һȽ

ȺȻôһξԼȥתһȦռϷ磬ټϺλתһȽ˽⼸ʻͦߵ

λת̵˶Եõһ̨֥ͭȣһĹ˵ͶЩˡ

ʢĵӣӵʱÿеʮĵİȻǺ˵ģοǺľȴ׵濴ȥǳİ£ʮһ־Գʵټ˴ת̣ûпսζͻʮĵĽƷͣȻ˳ˡ

ʮתһ𣿡
ǵģĳ齱õǱ߾ͿԳ齱ˡ

齱
ѳ齱ȯλС硣
ָ֥ŴתԱվŵ˵ɺëë͸߳齱ˡ

ɽӹ齱ɨһ۾ӵϵλø˵һλ˿͡

Ȼ֥ҲһλиһȽʿҪģ˽ĸʲǸǵġ

˽ֽƷɹѡԼѡһ

Ϊ˽󣬹֥ѡֽƷԼѡӡͼ鲼ͼֵʮĵëֽƷʮǮûȥõʵ֮

ĵȽλ͹˵ĵȽƷΪбһ
һѵСɽһĻϣֽǻʵĺöֻҪʮģи˽Ǻ׬ġ

ͭǮϵţƹ˰ͭó齱ëʾûͣ

쵽ˣλεĴͷ£ȺĿʼɢȥ·ϻδĻ̸ཻţ
˵ͳ齱һ죬һȥҪҪ
ǻԱͦ˼ģ׻ֽ껭Ҳʵݡ
ЩϴܷŵĺãʱͲ֪ȥˡ

һ˵һ⣬
ÿ춼ٲˣѻȥдϼ֣㿴õ黭ĺܣǰЩ̫ˡ

ȻͬҾϲɫ档
ԱһˡˢĴȣɫһ㶼ȰȲǮƫЩҪʮģֳ˽͵ʮĵӣǺܻġ

ϲɫ
һλͬеҲԼȣ
ɫǳҹգȥϼӡ






113.  ʲô   ¥

¥
ڵһññСݴ¥, ͿǹԺھҪѣ¥, ûȥҾ¥ĵʯǮ϶С

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ϵֵˣҲˡ

¥԰ʳĿ治, ʯ˵һŹӴ˵ĵط, ĻżԵǮ
ҿ¥Ϊѷ, һ껹ԼΣ˺ıǮֲǲ˽⣬гֻǺһ, ׯһļⶼϡ

ʯЩ֮ǽǮ, ܺǱ, ֻǼֵ
ǮҪģȻԺͲˡ

ˣԺԷۡ
ʯλԽ, ˼˼˳ɱۡ

ȷʵǳɱۡ
֥˺ͷִ֪ëʵġ
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ӦĻ¥ǰ֥ȥʦ˲˵쵽ʱŴѲ߹ȥɼ㡣

ӡ˳ȻûҪҪ̱꣬ͷȴûƤأϵȻ봦ĺһЩÿҵûյƹһݺƹıºߣ˭˲ˣһȥȾˣȵĻԼӣ
үûȥЩϧ̫˼ˣйзƽͷգȻͦг

˳Щ飬֪ЦƲ죬֣ǲ˼ǻ
һȾƣ
ǶΣ

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ᣬû뵽СӾȻôˣԵĲ١˴ת̣Ѿڴˣƹ˶þͻ

˴תǸʲô˳ƹĻغԺѾƣԼ¥˼Ȧӣ¥ǣȥһ

֥ǵڶȥ¥ԷģʱƹľϯǮ
ƹүүˡ

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緹ֿʼһЩ·ԶĲŵõϢ˹õʲô̶أ

˴ת̼ûЪ
ʩһƹ˵һʮһݵëֽ

ܶ˶ת̵ȤëֻֽΪҡһν˽Ҫ˸鲼һװˡ

***
ڶգõͺˣæ;緹ٶׯܳȥУƹľȰյ˵塣

ڵĻܼ򵥣ΪЩëֽëʣǺīĺſڵļϹһЩ鲼 

Ժְ֥ڽСʯͷǮ档

ññСݵĳɹ飬֥綩˿˱кãָƺӽ⣬
ǮһʶЩ֣СʯͷһʱԣԺҪġ

ǮɴûԼʶֵһ죬֤
һѧᡣ
ⷿĻűķţ֥Ʒƽ̿棬ٶȲ죬̫࣬ߴߴù֥ͷʹ
ͣͣͣ˵ʲôȥȻȥǽ

Ǽǵ˱ϣ֥Сʯͷķǰ£
˵ֿÿûǼǣÿµ׵һͿԣ⣬ϰдʱ

ڿĶƷٵĺܣ̳ܿƹİ˶ϣ¾æˡ

˵ǳԹ緹ٶ֥ɫ磬޻Ǯɺͼ޻ɶ˱ץѾܱǧġ͡СʯͷҲûʼִ֣ţ
пս̽дֵһЩСŰɣд졯͡ء
֥ëëֽд˹֣д߽
ֶһһɵģһʵ˳Ҫ˳˳иµĹɾǴ£ҡ

ͷ
£ңסˣ

ۺеáְ˷ʻɣѧϰЩʻдͻ˳֣ҲдĹƯ
֥һһʺд˸ġ֣
Ϊ֮࣬Ȼ¡

ǮɵĸԺŵĴɨţŹ֥ʱһ۴ӵӰǶʶ֣ԺӾ͸ͷˡ

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Ŵɼҵ¿ģ϶һ˹¿жһۡסСס͡ǳȫ˿˸ϡ

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תһ飬궼ûЦģҲ˲˵ģҪȥɼסûȥֻ˵Ҫȥ顣

˰ľŵͣſں˹֥͸¿ֱӵۼ˽ӣʱ¿λ˼ңľͶӰŰѾɵΰᵽԺӣµζŰںãոµοǲͬǰȴɻ󣬹֥͵
˵ϷʼִҾʽġ

Ϸϻ귭£մɡҲ궼ʽʱˣֻǵڶ쿴ѧµҽܺλϣİѱŵĺɫŵʱЩȷ

ǸģμʱǰµľʶˣȻǵһϿΣ̵Ŀ죬˽ӺԺһѧϰõĶǱƳģԴһܿ죬
ϣҿ㱳ŵİͦÿġ

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ϰԼ޲õϡ
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һպʮѧӶһµġ˽ӣһ˹ĵ˵˾䣬
޼鲻̡

֪⼸֥أΪ˵ܵѧɷ˲ٿģϵҪãͬҪѺãҪҪǹΣЩҵĸߣҪ縺Ρ

õȶǺܴ󣬹֥¿һȦǽΪֱߣĿÿǽʮһСС÷ȦжԤеûĿͻˣһЩķıҲһ֥һҪ 
ûͳһۣǻȥͳһۣ׼˳

ϵ̫ɢ֥Թ緹С̼ҳϵװ󺮹ϣȥññСݣһϽ˾ˮ

ññСһλĿˣһɫȹ飬ͷͬɫñٰ֥ϵĺϿиɾϴ˰
Ҿٶң֪к̣

ŮӰͷϵķñƿ¶һ΢΢һЦ۽Щϸ¶䣬
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֥ͶԱѾ
˵Ͷ̸һ

ʲô

λǰһɫñתŵϣŹ֥һָͷ
ñһǧһҪͼ۶٣

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֥һҡͷ
ɫĲûôһ³ɫ𣿡

ŮҲû˵вУֻ˾䣬
ͼ۶٣
һǧûĻʮġ
Ǯ֥ҪƫˣƽʱҲӻñӵģ۳һҲ˵ģʮģû۶ʮһġ

λȻ۸ģŹ֥ҡҡͷϵЦݵ˺ܶ࣬
ûг⡣

û취
֥ʼ磬˫һ̯̹Ե
ɫȾɫ鷳ģҲ˵˵ҪɫĻһ

һȥһ£

ðһ£͹Ժδ𣿡

ˣڡԶݡ

ģʹܻͨó֥ķһ룬û취Сܱߵڹ̫࣬ҽֵӣ뵹ÿ궼бӻ̵ȻЩЩ֪һ˼ɻԼЩɾʹˮƯˡ

߿˹֥Ҳһ󺮹ȥãСʯͷɸոѧǳ緹ȥӻ̡

ģ
֥ññСȥҪúһǧñӸôһȻһ˼ңñӵһ֡

֥
֥ס˽ţϴߵɡ

ŴӹӼѧ쳤ĺܣЩ˷²ؼңԴӴҲӣĸڵЩվȻʼ߶ԼĻˣԼ˼ֻȴ֪ôĸ˵ƫƫһλϣڣ֥ȷıʾ˲ӭ
ȥɣҽأ


Ƶڹ֥࣬һüһչգµӣҲûԱ߸ͷԼ£ʱѰù֥Լ˼

֥ûô·߹һͬںţֻΪҪȥʲôأҲûѣ֥˼ƻʱŷǰĻЩİͷ
ôҲҵ㣬⵽ˣ

˵ʼѰӣЩǵģֻܿϤ·ãȻĹˣҲ֪

֥۾鵽ǰսǴһӰʱ΢΢һУһסĸ첲ǽһԹ֥ûʲô첲һһľ͵ǽߣԼ˽ԴȻӿ죬ȴڿ̧֥ͷʱʱЩŵʵ
㿴ʲôˣ





114.     ꡱ

ꡱ
֥˸Ķ, 첲һߴӰδӷ϶ֽϸ, ЩȷϾʱȥˡ

ǼŵζñҲֻܿĶ̷Ѿ׹֥ȣͷ᲻˾ǿֻǸڰˡ
֥׿˭ˣ
Ҳίʵ棬۳ŵǽϸ֥ڣ΢΢ת۽Ҳ˹սǴ, ڿǰǽӰʱ, ȴɫһףҶε, ֥ʱ̾ţһŮ, ѵǡ׹ߡ

սǴ, һĶŵҶεЩͷ, 
˵ʱ䲻𣿡

ҽ˳Ҳһ㻻Ŵ
ŮӰϵİݸҶεֽ, ɫ˺ܶ࣬
Ȼȥɡ

Ů泯Ź֥ķ򣬾ͶС֥۵, һ˿ƶǽһԺĽһ, Ϻܿǰ֥
Ҷ˵С㿴𣿡

ϵͷ

Ȼ͵͵ĸǰ㲻ܱ֣²Ϊӡ
֥СԸ

ǱҶεѾ뿪ˣֿԼҵıؾ֮ŮͷˣñӸȥ

Ҳ߰ɡ
֥קһ·׼ߣǱߵͷǾ죬۷·Ϊá

˭
飬ʶΪ֥ȥ̽ŮϢΪҶεֵԭ

꣡Ȼȥ˵
֥ʹ˸ɫ
ԶȻĴΧӣ뷨ԼҹӲ࣬ЩͬԼҹˣЩ˼ɿģ̫̫Ǳѹһ£˰·غǿ̫ˣղŮҶõģСǷġ

лǣññСݺſڣ˩˶·ߵأֻɫôһһѿ

Ժӣ诹ϴžܵһ̺ϳŵʯϣ
ȵģȳԿϽʡ

֥Ѿƽ飬ôȵ죬ʱµ·ֺأоһȲҪȥȥȡ

֥ղŮǲҶӵδޣ
ĵʵ

֪
֥ڵĿźϺĻصֱһ麮˶ǣ˿֣æ֥СС
ŮһҵūСݡ
Ĺϵˡ

ΪׯũĴ󶫼ңÿնȥׯôȻ֪СеӡЩǹ֥֪ģΪĸȥѾǸӡرСŴԼȥҹ֥·һŰܿӣ˿ȥ¿ô࣬ɲǸһһĺˡ 

ʱէŮСʱʱˣ
ղô˵ǵʱӦðץȥ١

֥Ц
ӱ˺ö࣬Ҷȷץ˵զ죿

⵹ǣкŮʮǱ仯ʱȫ˸ӵĶУûϳģҲԲϺţǱ仯̫ˣ
ʶҶӣղҶһ˵ǲҶˣ
ǴԼľ²⣬ڵСݺǰСݿɲһƾǸ໹ƭСӵġ

пܣҶо˵ĹֳĿţ˼
֥۾ת￪ʼ󵨲²⣬
˵᲻ҶǰסĵطģС֪Ǿ˺ͶʸǱɣ

ģҶô
ɶǱɣ

ʶʱһǸˣȴһպܳΪ󸻺ʹĻǽӽҺѣ淢˾մҵĹ⡣
֥ıʾԼǱأ

뿴ǵӾͺЦԼû󸻺Ǳ״Ԫӻ࣬
ҲǱɣԺҪ״Ԫģ㻹ͽҡ

ǱɣǼŹɺðɣ֥²ۣȴЦ
ͽ㣬
˵һ飬ԱߵĵЦеĶ룬
ӣҪŮѹ

ЦԼô֣˲캶ǣô˿أ΢΢һȣæԺ˼
ôˣҲ֪˸ûУ

˾ǲ߶佭ϾʹǰŽԺӣŹ֥ҡҡͷ
Сȥǲׯ˼ƥϳһ¿ǸϳͷέǸӣûҿֻԶһֱ

û£ⲻûߵ
׷ڹ֥֮ڣһӵ˶ҲˣСݿɲǸɵӡ

߰ɣɫˣȻؼҡ
֥ؿⷿԼİһͳ·ڻֵַȥС̼Ҳߣһֱ˶ˮţϴһ·
Сӣһ·û¿

ذɡ
֥Գ

ѾѾſ˼ˣֱ֥Ų߶
ôô
ͷɽˣʱɲˡ

֥һңſˣϹ֥ѽһһ˵ˣµﶼƽ
ȴû뵽ỹھǣôģ

Ҳ֪
֥Ц
ȥô꣬Ҷȷǲҵ˵

Ҹ׷ٵţɱçײԼȥѰˡ

֪ģ¼
֥ʱŵһߣ 
С̣ҽӵһñĶҪһǧͷ˸ϲǱ߿ߺõĸˣ

м֯ë²ڵÿգԼüˣ
ڿһ㶼У֣µǳԻʵ˵Ǻ£Լ˵Ҳ£֣³⣬еĵӶѹϣҪʺ밲ˢڸУҪͬŵķˣҪչ˵ѵġ

Ҫ˰ɣպãԺͽһЩĵӣܳڸȥ
ֻǮ٣֥ǰͽЩһٵСˣ񴺿ʼΧسûĶˣռƵġ

ǸãЩִ߽ʵҲЩñֲ̫ˣҪϷŻǿ϶ġ

ţǿͻҶǶҾȻׯһˣѲϲúôʱҪС̽ηơ

Уȥţˡ
Ӧе

ҹˣǶˮʮëһͷ̴ܶڴпʵĴԺӣéݴ֮һСԺСݣӦóΪ
ѦƣǲȥҶˣ
һվӰ

ôûϢȥһ

ӵ鲻ҪҲģ²Ϊ

ǣ

쵢Ŀҵȥ񡭡
ԺԼ˿ѦƺڰеɫЩ԰ף
һݻ

***

ڶһ֥͵ññСݣŮӿ϶֮ˣӦûи׼ˡ

һ˵˸Ϣ
ң幤ͻ˵Ҫ˿ƷñӣƵˣи

Īһң
֥²Щ⣬ԼñѾô

ǿ˵ˡ
ſڲôŵϳﺰǿ˴ͷϴһɫⱦʯñ֥Щһôñӵɡ

ɫ١ɫ١ɫ٣ͼ۶٣
ʮġ
֥ˬ
һ򵥵ñûκεװΣһĸһʮҪҹơ

ɽ
λö˶ֶݵñ̾ѣ
ЩñÿҶϲЩ˿廨ģû۶٣

ññСݵñӶǼ򵥴󷽿˿ʵصҲˣԾ˿׺Ϊ࣬˿ñӵϺϸɫʽ䣬Ҫʱ˻Ϳĸƫ֣Գܿ졣 
ۣЩǾϸٶϲġ

֪幤ȥҵ򡣡
幤ǶޱޱƷӣҲñ˿ʵش廨ģߵǸ߶˶·ߣôֵܽӡ

˿ʽÿʮûÿǮһǩ۸ۣͬھҺð
ֵ֥ҲԣñԷֳɵ뷨ԭ˲ϻȥ˷ñӣⱾǮֱӽñû𣬿˿ñӾͲһˣƷȥͼģȻǵһҲһ

⻹ǸͻʮʽԱ߸żǻţͷò棬ǲҪµЩǺ϶ֳɵģҲǾˣ֥ڼҵÿվֿʽ

֥Լǩã˫ǩֺʮǮĶ𣬹֥һƿͣ
죬һ⣬Цɡ






115.  Ѱ   ͻ뿪

ͻ뿪, ղŵԼ͵ƹȿ˶ϡ

ϰĹԼĿ
, ͳƺõڿȱˡ

֥˹ У½

͸ǩĶ˶Ժ֥ݿܿ쿪˽˿ñĽ͵ǾϵƷ, רе˼, ˿ͺᣬϺϵÿվ͸㶨ˡ

С, ֥ľÿ³ҪݼںµĽ, ĻƷҪʱ, ѹ, ־ӪʽǱ׼ĴСõͷ

֥ؼҴ죬ٴνͶ׵ֻȵڽֿʼĥ, ˵ǲʵǲˡ

ţǵ⣬ұഫĽ, һ˸ˣǰͱӣ˴δЩź, ֶӻģֲɶ²ٵꡣ

Ҷε游͸Ҿʵ˷Ա˼ҲţЩ˸һСԺӣ˼Ҳ˵²ǣεֲò˫ȫԺһѾﰵʾˣֻǼ֮̽£ε۹á

˨Ӹ磬⼸ô

ţ

Сֹ
仨Ǻã۰

ţæʲôأ
֥ЦŽ˺Ժȵ죬ţԺ´ĥţᣬţ˿ͼǮȥҲˣٽġ׷ѵĶҹЩؼˡ

ӣε˵ׯˣʲôʱģ
ţʼ뷽跨ֶڸˡ

ģҵ˵ţ˿öඩһЩȥ

УǸһ𣿡
κɫҪţǵģɫһ
֣ͷæ

֦˵ҲûŻȥԱһţϸ꣬
ţҶԺӦ
ˣεֹȻϡţϲ
ʱЩϣ˵ǺǰĲ̫һҲ᲻һںöˡ

һáǧ꣬ĵ߼߼ǣ֥⣬
ҶҲྡˣţðԺҲ徲Ͽⷿͺˡ

ǰ˵ǳ˺ܶ࣬
ţ̾Ϣ
սڶŸһ䷿ӣǺסһԼЩǮʡԼ˭ÿҹϢãֻѰһңһר͵Ժӣ徻徻ҲרǮȴˣֻȿջһЩ

⵹Ǹ
֥۾һ
ȴ֪ļңȥԺԺҲʡʡġ

Լأ˭֪һ
ţЦ
ǣﶼ뵽ȥǼԺӾڡ

֥õϢҶεֽϿסطһģһޣǼСݵģ
̣㵽ҸѰһ£˵ѰֶŮǰţ**и롣
ָ֥ԼޱߵȻ·äǲäǰڵ̯Ļ۽𾦣͵ļرǿ󣬲еÿļҳ̣Ļͷͺܶ࣬ϳСݾͿǿļ

ΣִññСݺԺ֥ſʯǰŮͼµҪСһЩ˴ŮȽ˳֣ҲһЩСˣ˵⻭ͦġ

֥Ǵ󶩵ź𣿡
Ѿ֪֥ǽ˸¶ûԼģ˲ˣⲻָ˹

źˣһǧඥñӣëë
ֿ֥ʼţˡ

ͰǴţֵţŹһɵʵ
׬Ǯ

ĺĺ֥ϵЦȥָͷ
׬Ǯһٶ˿ľռᣬǸǮ

׬Ǯ
ȴˣôû׬Ǯء

⻰֥¾Цۣ
ҴӼ˺óԵģҪҪԡ

֥˵óԵģǱóԣ͵ͷ
ģ

Լȥᡣ
ָ֥

һͨͨ˸װ˰ӳæӹȥˮױϴɾˣ
ôģ

ҼֵģϷ˹磬ʩ˳Ҵ˼ãΪֲأ˭붼ĺܺã궼˹ˡ

ĺ뱧һӳԵ
СҪôҶ𣿡

֥ͼƻˣҵˣٴȥˣǰϣȷ֮ٱץˣ

뵽̾˿Լȷʱǰ᲻ȥˣԼأ˷ǣǶǰˣ˵޲Ҳûἰźã
췴Ѱ˼˵ûСˣ˵øͲˡ

ɲô˵˺͵Ǯƶʵȶǲõͷ˵Ժ䱾˺ˡ
ô룬ο

ѽ棡
һƬ֮ĵù֥˺ܶ࣬
˰ˣһжҵ˵ɣô˵ҶҲˣǱƭίʵЩϧ

ոպõ˲ֵȥ

ȷĿ꣬Ϣľͺܿ죬ϺûҲ˻ֻǴϢȴù֥ɻ

ȴ˵սϰ֥ķԸˮŸʼˮΪӵԭ򣬽кǷԱߵﷻִ߽Ļɣ˺ܶࡣ

ҴԺкܽΧͬھ֮һ飬˵ûˣ
ΧסʮҵСӾǼûֶŮ

ЩãȻˣ
ҶǱʿ
ڽϺ

ҴԺͦģЩòӸţһȦķе䷿䷿涼ͷԺڴɨԺӣһһŮ飬
͹Ҫⷿ𣿡

ǸһЦ
˼㣬ѰݣֶŮδ·ƿ˵ס֪ڿڣ

ҡͷɺ
뾩ˣⶼ·ˣôڲ

ǿô죿ֶŮĻ¶˾·ݣȴڻûؼң
һƬ֣̿
᲻·ϳ⣿

˶һۣЩ̣
ţ˵Ǿӽʲô֣

Ҷε֡


Ǹ֮ͬɫ
ҶѰ˰ȥסˣֳĶţסʱһС׷꺮ůŴҾҲģǻΪδء

ǿ֪ᵽȥˣ

ﲻ֪ǿţӵģǿȥһ

Сӿ֪ļҵģ

֪
ϺññСݺǸ˵Ļĸһ飬
Ҷǲ֪ᵽСӸһ֪

ˣ֥üΧţ˵ǱߣѵǳŹһܵǿ϶ͦģСݲ֣ҶӿǶˣ

˼ȥʹ𣿡

ûȥʱǼҹţȥʡ

ָָ֥ӵ
УȥЪЪɣӶϴˡ

Ϻ˵ȥȲЪϢ֥Աߵ룬
˵Сݻ᲻Ǹ˼ҵѾ

ᣬ
񶨵
˼ҵѾǲ븮ġ
⻰֥ŵģżѾÿֻһ븮ƽʱźС浽Ļ˵뿪뿪ġ

˹ˣ֥оԼͷˡ

ڶһ磬֥ʼԼ¹񣬲žԼ¹Ѿò׷˼Щģһɫ˶ɫñͽҲһũĴ磬ԱŸ

ǸԼҶ֥֪еŵͷһݶӵ賿ĥ¾ŵӳţĶ֭һ͸ˡ

ˡ
ڼ𣿡

ϸհѵҵĴ򷢳ţһ˷ÿͣΪ򶹸أ򿪴һĺܣ
˭

ʴɩӣ괺ʱиҶεֵڴţ

Ͳסˣ㵽Ѱɡ
ɫһ䣬˻ȥҪš

æǰס˴ţæǰһС˵
ɩкãСŮδޣڼҵнʿûؼҳף˭֪¹ȥˣֻȵһ˻š






116.     Ҷ˱סĺúõġ

Ҷ˱סĺúõ, һһСӻСӿ
˵ŻͬĿһ֥, δǸϧģѹֱ˻ˡ

Ҷؼңһ˵ڳ⣬˭ȥŻʱСͻģ˵Ǹ˷纮ڼס죬СӰץҩҩҶ˰ 

ǸСӽʲô֪𣿡
ҡͷ, 
СӾͶҶиЦģ, ǶǰģҲŲϸȥء

, ֥Լ˼·һΪ, ˵СӶСݵĻ, 
ҶӦѵС, İæ˻ȥ˺δ֪ҺСΣ׷ܿ˲ûжϵ, Ҷӵġ

СӣɻҪ̽

ˣ
֥ҡͷԼÿô, йȥãã˺Ѱˣĺã
ҶӴû, ԺͶҶӣֵģ˵й򣬡
˵֥һ
ûУ


ź͹֥֪λѻת֮죬ֱӶɵˡ

õķʲô֪𣿡
ⶢױ˷֣˳С

һļƻֲ֧ʹģΪмж׵ʿ
֪һףǰ̽Ϣ
СҺҲһˡ

С̣ҷԽԽˣ
֥ԳͶأȻһ˯ˣǸС̷һģһĺڣ

֥ǵСٻľᡢɫߡЬ桢ñӡȵȵȡ

ҶεִӼҵԺؾ֮·϶ɣ֥Ϊв˹Ǿھǣʼ˵ڶ׶Σ

ññС
ңǽҡ

´֪Сӿӡ󣿡

ҿһٶñӻȥģ

СǺüԣĳηЩǵȣ鲼ñŸɻֻ¾һ۶գٶȥ鲼ҲҪٸⲼϲ֪ôûۣ

ǸһȥԼ֯ԼɣǿǸõط֥˼ת
ñûһٶʮģٶʮģ鲼ΪǵͼĲۣ鲼ȾɫʮһƥȾɫʮһƥ

鲼ȾɫҪʮƥȾɫɫʮƥ
ǣһզɫԣҪҪȾɫг

ʱҪ

ղŵԤһº뾩

УǩԼϰȥ
ǰ֥ؼȾʱ͹һԼö˾仰Ǳܸϻ

żҴ
Զţ
֥˵ʱĶ࣬öһЩ㿴ҪҪٶ֯

ɩ֯

Ҳû֯𣿡

һܲ͵ˣۿˣĴһѡ

ɣɩֻͦɵġ

ţһҡ
***
֥λͻ֮˸ڣ
ʩðһ£ڽ𣿡

֪ȻǺ⣬ʩе˱
еģ˵⿪ĵһӾǽ꣬ϱˮ·֮أʢڽֽЩҲŸǴġ

ǱӼǮΣ


˲ѾͷĿģʩЦֵͦģ
ðӣ⵹Ǹ⣬Ǳ߲ӻԺӿɱȾǱ̫ˡ

ûʲôģ֥̹Ȼ
ҵҲֻŻմʩĹ⣬īתûʩ

⵹Ǽ򵥣һͷǱߵƹ˵һת־͸һСѾͷɲܣ·Ͽɲȫ

ģ⼸ҲȥԺлȥţ
֥ͷӦţƻʮԺȥ
һӴԼǮùʱ򲻹ʩٰϡ

ô⼸ٹǮȰûɶ
͹֥򽻵ʩǺεġ

֥ȴ룬
ǲУǲԣû˵仰͵ӵ¡

׼ЩɣǮҾȲˣȻٽˡ

У֪ʩ׼̣Ҫʲô

ŮҲҪһӣЩǱ߽ñӸһǧǺͷų鲼Сٸõİȸ׼һǧѣֻҴʮѣĶЩ
˵̾Ϣһ
ίʵǺöϧҸԶȻǺȵܶռͷ

üһǴӣ֥ܵǰëʿʼ
ͷд͹

õģһȥҪһðӵ¸ˣ˳´νܸ

Ǿ鷳ʩˣ
˵ˣ֥˳˸Ϣ
ʩ֪ˮļ󣬾ʶͷġ


ʩΣ
ÿҵȥ˼ˣӾ֪ڶˮͦģ⼸ľԽԽ󣬾ĵؼԽԽǱͷ˺ܴһԺӣöϷľ϶жڳ⣬Ǳŵֵܲ١

֥ЩԾ
үү˵иԺӣûô

ͷӵﵱǱҲСӵй֮ͨװɡ
ʩ񺬺ѵ

ס֥ʩ¶һ֪΢Цǵ黭ͺľЩɵζ

֪֥̽޹֮Ҳ֪ЩʲôѧûȥññСݣżҶε֣
ףⲻҶôɣ׼ȥ

ҶεֿǰĽ۹ӣ΢Цݺ㣬
СŹӣ֪Ź׼ȥ

ĵĺܣȥתתҶ˿пգһȥߣ

᣿
Ҷεϴһ˿ԥȥ־ò׵

ҡһģˣ֥Ǹû۹ģѵһҡ
Ҷ˼ȻȥǱӾԼȥתתˡ

ŹûԼ˵ĻСԸ㹫ǰ
Ҷεֻ΢΢һپͿ첽ȥôõĻλ΢΢ü˽Ųӯ֪ڼҹ

治Ļɽȥ⣬ͻϢ˹֥
Ųʲôѽ
֥յ

ΪСӷǽء
ѵΪ˵˾仰Сӵ˼Ĺ֥Ҷ߽̽ϢԼȥύһȴ֪֥簲˼ˡ

Ǹ
֥ߵŽ飬վǸģһҶεҲǸõأȻƭĿռɣɻһɫ⣬һļأ
ȻԸ׵Ļ²ʷľ׵ĻȻǴʵҶεһֱԹ״̬

ڹ֥Լ֪£˼Ѿƫ˺ܶ࣬ڶʱ˹ӼſڣŵһܳӼŵ֡

̸𣿡
뾪ϲĿô

ǣпգȥˡ
֥ûĵǸʡĵġ

ҪҪ

Ҫġ
ԼļʻĵĹ֥ŲھǴأ
ȥ


˹Ӽţվڸ߸ߵ̨ϾͿǰϤٻӰŶЦôһݡ





117.     Ϊǰ

Ϊǰ, ֥ԾǸΰҵģǰϵվоôô, Ƕ⣬֮ˮϷĲƸϵֻӡ

֣ھǶʿн֣¸ͲǸ£ڲУԹ֥ǲյ, һҶεֱ, Ҳģе

бİ𣿡
û, ҪҰæ˵ֽ˲ٵӡ

Ҷȥˣ
ϴι֥ȥѾһЩ, ɫ鲼ĸҲȾ, ؼǸνӺ, ڼҪʱ䶼ˣÿϽһȫæĹ˭˲ʡ, ֥ȥ߷һȦ˵
˵ëǲֿۼأöֶ̼ǱԺ, ѴȥתһȦ͵ǽˡ

á
ܺ͹֥棬ûвӦġ

˵ҶҲǸ, ҲĲŷΣǾž֮
ഺڵ꣬ͷ뷨Ҫѭѭգ֥ûԼ֪ʶҶӣò

ҹżȥתתҶӶԹ֮ͦϤñ֮Ĳûеĺá

ǵھɫǿϧˣ
֥пΪȥĿѶľδǿļӳɣ˭һδ۾ҪȻ 

ʱľǸرǾûɽֵƣȫϵرľϣͷǳĿɹۣȻǳңûе㱾¿վס

ǰڹһв˾Եµλڼٰһв˾ľĿʼӿܾ

ľг֥һѾӣǿӰͷȦطСľݲУڶһЩӣӶܿϰЩľΧŲ˿ľĵļǮѾˡ

֥ûȥЩǸСľǰ
үү֥

ʮ͵үүŶŹ֥ЦĴ飬
֥ʲô簡

үүҪðݲҵ˵ǱϤأܲһϤǱ߸˴ȥ

ԼĺӣѾͷû˵ʵԼ˸Ҳνʵʵ

죿
ɡ

ʱˮ½ʻƥ֥һĺװ磬ͷϴһɫñӣȥЩײࡣ

СӣǺӸ磬ëסʮ꣬û֪ġ
һ֥ʶСƸ˫ܵ

ͷӸǺúýһë򡭡
˵˵

ëһͷʢγһëҴ壬ڴ˽ڴ˵ؽһͷǴѽ⸽ȴнפö̾ͰѴ˴תأƶرԡ

Ӻľмģʶ΢ĩľһֱľģǼǼۣкöǻЩ֥ͶƢһСѾͷӸҴֺʹڽύѣͶȡɵ˵Ҫ£֮ˡ

·ľǳ⸺ԺĺӸ磬ëƬ䡣

éݷëҴ͸˼ҡ
ЩԺӴ̻˼ðĿⷿСȿıߣ
߰ɣܷŽһ

õԸĺӸ֪޲޲
Ժǲׯģ*ʮǰڴ˽Ժӡ

Ժǲܼ̣

һԱߵСԺߵľ¥һ˵ģ˼ǺԺŴˡ

⻰һԱɫ΢䣬֥ĵĿһۣԺˮǳסûжʻ

λֿԺӣ
֥ʵ

ҽģǰǳ˵мԺӣÿ̴ڴЪŴʱģ˭Щ꽭˿ѹǰߵԺȥұߵԺӸĽɾ¥
Ϊ֥ԭ򣬺˵ĺίʵһƹݣѰֵڡ

֥־¥¥ҹҫֻǴ磬Ů֧Ůҹߵûˡ

֥ڿһ˵ľ¥˼һ£
Ӹ磬ҵľζ𣿡

ͨƣǴӹٸľģҪۺþƻүͿүҵģⷽܿ¹򡣡
ʱںƣĴ󣬵ŵľǼұۺĴ¥

ͨľƹݾͿʩչֶˣżǾƹСû£ǡҹɾơͷ

ССë־¥кüңһ
֪СӻԺӣӲ򣬵翿ֽԺһĽ 

ԺҾλò

ҿ԰ȴá

ģԺҲԵ֡

ƴëתһȦҲ칦ȥˣ֥˼Һõľ¥Žϼ򵥳˵ϯЩǺȾҲܺȸˡ

ּ֥Ǿ¥бĲ½ľ¥ʼԼ˼·
ҶεֶżǵƺϲƸүүȣʵλúζѡññСбСƹζͺܲΧܶ˼ҶǴƣ뻹˵ñ֮֮Ϥ

ϸϣ
̣˴̽һرǾ¥

Ǳ˺Ĵ·ĺӸһˣ֥תһû˺ɫղŲŻعζСǴҶȥԺ³ˡ

զֲˣ
Թ֥СһĪչĪǲϲԼȾƣ
Ҹղûжȡ

ҲȥԺʶһ£
֥Ȼˡ


亹ˣ
ֵطʲôȥģ

һ治֪ʲôȥģ˵˵

Щˣġ

㲻ȥ£ұ˴
֥һһû˴治ɣ

ҿû˵ȥ̫ˣ´Ҵȥ

ǿ԰ɡ
֥ΪѵĴӦˣ磬ȻȥҲˣӶûȥֱӻС̼ң»úúðŰţȴ֪ء

լ
ĺƤöʱ򣬰ʱҲǿˣ̫̫Ժ￴ŮӣӱµӾͳŶȥˣӵͬһֻɵĺֱӱֵֽкã
ҲҪѧ
һͷϺģְѿеһգ
㿴ͷĺЪһ档

̫̫¿Ŀģ˵˹Ӳ˲Ůͷϵĺ
䣬ӱȥٳԺϡ

ĸ׵ĸ첲̫̫Цʵ
ȥΣ

ĸףŮ˵ľƹëһ֪𣿡

˭̫̫治ɫº󵭵ĵ
֪ܱǿ

ʵû뵽ֻش𾪵Ŀĸף̫̫ӶЦˣ
ɵӣ㸸׵ٺ»Ӻ͵յҲţǱûǮզ죿㸸ʲôȥĸŮ֪ΪնٹԱչְ

ǺԺǸˮš
૵

ӽ
ָ̫̫ԼĶӣٳˣȨҪǮǺܼ򵥵ģԼ˿ڼӺùټҴҵǸռӣ˶ǽǽ
***
վסվס
ڽϣбһӰ
顱
һˤԼǰսкʦǰȴڵϵС̧ͷı⣬ͷ
Сû°ɣ






118.     

, һǱͺˮԵĳҡ, קָⷺ׷·קһݣ
ӾǸūҡ
볤ôԼǰˤŮӣǰζͬһˣˤʲôӵأ΢΢ʧڶŮȴǿԼʧ

Сģôү
һֵɫĽ, ǰ, ովòСӵ°ͣȴһƸ˿ȥ, ʵ
ס֣Ǻˣ

Сӵδ, ðµ, Ͻÿ, ӵĶҹӿɲ
ֹϵɫݣĸֳľǰһӵСŵһ£ɵ뻳￿, ˫ַСӵı۰ѹסԼҪӳȥĳ嶯ɫڳĳһʹɫ

ǰһվ, ȺӰһʽ
һϰɡ

ⲻ, ˲࣬ɿ˵ԣܿȺΧ£ֹӴĴֺܿɢɵ˵ֱл˾ݻ
СӸһҺ£ӵš

ЦſװģĴֻ뿪ͷߵŮʹ˸ᾢһƣ
СӼȥ

ովǻ˸ǣƶλСһȭ
Сӻؼң

Ůӿ߽Ŀź֮⣬뻳￿ӴŲС
ӺףܲСŮӻȥҸĸл

СܾСҪӴȥ¥ѹѹ
΢΢ʹ˸ɫ

¥ĻӾڲԶӭչСӽȥкСϲ裬ֵݵģһݺϡ

л˩ǰ˩ʯϣſк˵Сһ֣
С硭
¥СӶ
СڿɺЩˣ
öˣл
ӯӯĳ븣˸ӣ۲תĽ͸м

˱Ѹģ۹΢ͷüۣԼһʱ̲סй¶󷽵
֪Сʿ

ūѦҾӶˮë򡣡

һСθҶԽ֣

ҴϽǵ¿ģղű׷ϣ¿Ǹϲˡ

ͬеĻ飿˵ǻڵ㡣
Ǽг㣬ĸʱҽЩ˿ߣһľûȥͬ飬ǻȥĸҪż


ˮë򣬿ֻʱڸϹȥ֮ǰȫܷؾǡ

ѦСӸ˲¥ǰȴָ·ڹսǴ
Ǳȥһ

ͷέңһɫ鲼µĳ
Ҫȥ

ë򣬶Ǯ
ʱ޷ͣҪصĳǮʮġ

ԡ
תͷԱߵѦС
ϳɡ

ѦС½Щӵģ
ӻ᲻·ūڲˡ

ӣҪҲɣһһ·;ңԶ
һۣ˦ȥķƿ
ӷģ׷Сźõġ

ѦСһ°ڴȥ˺ࡣ

лһһһǰһ󣬺ܿͳ˳ǡ

̫߸ߵĹգѾûߵϣ֪ƴĳŸ裬ϣʱɨǰ԰һ
öˡ

ѦСŲһ

ˮİݺᣬļĴ󶹡סдУżðŴ̵Ĵׯ׺Уʱǳǵĸ߷壬ʱë¿ġ¿ĺ׷Ҹϡ

ȴź潥׷һƥɫݡ

ӿǲˣ
ѦСһСĵʵ

ȻȥĸҪңҲǵġ

֪ӸūҶЯ񵽸ϵлͷ˽һ

ǵأӵܶ಻ʤһòŮԺٵš

ѦС΢죬
лӹģūԺ󶨻Сġ


ˮŵëһˮ壬«έˮɻޣǸȡ壬ʱЩˣ½¿׼̡

ëëҴһܿԺԺǽéݣƫһֻڹ˿͡

ԺɫĪ磬
ң
éݷǴа֣Ҳ̫ˡ

ѦСӲŽŵƿųǺڹǳһǺڹΧתȦϤһԷ򸾣긾˳Ůĵʵ
СôڲŻ⼸λǣ

ȴûǰѵ˼ѦСһͷ
㵽ҾͷˣȻˡ

꺺æ
лСŮȱˮƳԸ㷹

ɫˣҪǰسǡ
û˿ԥģȷ͵Һ

·Сġ
ѦСҲûվſڳӯӯһݣЦĺζ

ӿҪһȥ·ǲ̫ƽ
ղһ·޻ĳʱʵ

ذɣҹζ࣬ãҵҪʹʲôֶΡ
ҧ

ɫ谵ɫأʻëھһСʱ΢΢һ˲ּӿٶȡ

ǰĹչڣɿʱͻȻ٣ܾ˻ߴĿǰһӼǰ㣬һɫ˦˳ȥӰɣɭȻĺ֮ڰӰ׷˳

һϵĳԾֱȴһＱɳһѶֱ̽ȡʺֵ֮˿мյסһӰʱֳֳĺüͷһżת·ߡ

Ӱ嵽ǰһü˳

⽣ӰУһ󼱴ٵӳŷ
ڴ£ȫ£

ë֥ӣһ·ͷˣس̵·ҲλˣҪȥҽϣСݼȻѾ¶棬ҪǰСݸסˣǱպҪϰץסȻϢѰ˾ˡ

ʵ֤뷨ȷõϢСϳţ׸¿һӵԺһϺԺ¿˽ȥ˴դǽ˽ȥ

ڿջϢĹ֥һݵͷˣеµǰһ̽ͷ
ˣ

һ
һĽҡͷ̾
һûˡ

ȥҵСҪЩǡκˮ
ϰߵ֥СĵİȵĵˮϿ󲿷ˮ˳ȴԱ߾ϲĺ
ʣоȡ

ȻûѣϢȴȶһˮһȥ֥ϵ
þôҽΣ˵ز˾


ҹƽ
һ·ٵˡ
ëһԤıɱ˵˺һֻʣһˡ
½ɹٲǺëѸΧ£˼Ժӡ

һ𶯳Ұ󰸳ʵʥǰʢһˤϵ౾ԵŹȳŭ
䣬Ϳ

Źȳ˫ϥһڵߵףʹһĻڲ
֪ǳ飡






119.  ˼·   ǰʱ

ǰʱ, 
ҽһѨ֮ڴɫݻƵƤ΢, ֥æս̽źһ䣬
Ҷε֣

ҶεֿϷʺʹΧӰ¶ϣĹâ˻ƵɤСģ
Сˣ

Ǵ£ڸоΣ
£ζʲôҶεֽһӷθյĸоѾʧǿյ, 
Ҷ

賿ʱ
ţϸľս˴, ԼĶ䣬
ʲôͷܷ˵һ飿

ֶҶε˴˳, Ҷεֶ˵ԼģҪЩǰָһ

𴲻Ҷεֿ߽ţ׳, СʱĸԼֵݾţ, ׳ĸͷţƵ, ǺĸƵĳ࣬
Ǿүүͱ壿ĸ**漮**游**

˸ţŷж᲻ᵯʱȴ޵
ε֡ҿֶ

ţ۾Ѫ, ŵĹ˵
ȷģĽźҵһģһ, ţһ嶼ֽš
ҶͷЬ࣬ǰƿһǳر, ֥ﰵֹӦһŴ·ȵġ

ţүүʹ󾭵࣬۾΢ɫȴ侲
ݵĿòΣ˵ǻЩ÷۾÷˵ҵʱ֣þͰˣ÷򶼲ء

˿Ҷεò߳ɣȷʵѷֱ棬ͲһˣǻԼϤĵطŴ󣬼δҶεţүѪĸо

Ȼȡ˵ľڻҪʱ䣬ĸҶεΪȴûˡ

˵Ҷε֣콫˹Ҳƿˣĺܲܲ˴νϿǵù˼㡣

սųŴүүϢͱǲȵ鷲ˣʱֻǾ˺Լô˷ܶѣ˭˵⣬ȥ԰Լʧɢ˫ֵ̥ʱԱѦƶˣرۿж֮
ʱСӶˣⲻ𣿡

鷲ȴЩԥ
ѧʶޣͯθҶž˵ȥʿץǿ

˭㿼нʿˣ˵Ѿˣ
ѦƶԿƾٵŵȻĶ࣬ǶԿֻǸţ
㿼һˣнʿ˭ȥ壿ڹؼλҶ˵ݣԹ˼ҾͲҪˣͨ˼ҵǿԶԽ
˵ɱһ֡

Ѧ⼸ıֺܵǴͷΣļƻ׼ˡ

ҶεֵĹ¶ݾ͵ĻᣬǺܼ򵥵£ڶ¼ҽסʱ˱׷ѦƣؼʱͱҩԺлס󣬾ͱѦԴ˴Ϊ˷

о٣ԼǻۣѺĥԼĹŮǳϣ
ҸĸѾ˾ҲԵ֮飬ھȪ֮һžҲûʲôźԸ׹ҳõд壬ҲԸϸдǰԼƿİݣֻϣ׹ƴҵľүүҺҸĸТġ
ҶεܹԭͬһϿģ鷲ʲǺܴģǰסܽ˵ġ

ʶʱ񣡡
ûһĿģٳ˺ܶͷ

Ժ֮鷲żë̿ҵϵݣֱӦֹͣѾһ¶ûһٱˣֻһϣڵȵˡ

***
֥ھүүתȦ
ģԴˣСǸ˲š
˵Ѹ˫Ů˲ţԾȻҲû˵ԼҲû٣ʱͷп
ĳίʵ˵㡣

֥ҲϵȻ֮ίʵΣա
ҵԶԹ֥ǰĲֺ̾

´ͷβ˵
Ƕ²յİӣ˭뵽һСѾô¡

ͷһ۰СҲѦƣǱɵ̽ӣʱׯǱĿģǳĽ׷Ǹ뷨ܻǮķǾͲ֡

Сڷұǳе£ϿɲǸˣ˽ﳣҪǸ˵£һָСʰӣСͷɻű˵ͷһ£ƽʱŵķСݵĶ֣СһûϢæԼͷϵ˽ǮˣϼҾ˳ǣˡ

żׯڵĴͬ͵ëʱѦݵĸװֹӿԺӣֹˮƽһ㣬Ӵ֮طֽź˿Ͻ׬Ǯʵ࣬رӺ󴿴ǮѦư⣬
ǸӼȻǰǿƹݵģ˵ʺƣƹãӴӼЩ¶ʢġҹɾơͷ

ƹݿź󣬹Ȼһһ׬ǮȡֹӵΣëֿһҾ¥ֳӶҲûģ¥ҪŮ⣬һЩ˽Ҳѧϰ黭պô۶
***
֥⼸ھ˺ܶ˵ۣǲ۵Сӱͬһ㣬Ҷʵʵֿϳͷݣ˺ܶ˵˼һСӵĲƸҪ뵽Լǿȡỹһ򵥵ķĸԸ

鷲ڵԭ򣬴СϰѧģĿ֥Ǻܿܵģɺ֣Ŀ̫ˣ֥ǾǿҡǮԺµĲƲԼģЩ˼ҵСӶǿЩ˼ҵСҲ

ΰɱ붨Щִ٣Ҷε֡Ŀ֥տʼһж˳֥ԱкøУΪֵСӣ˭֪ķչȴ͡Ҷε֡Ĳ̫һ

֥ԼûģʵǴ˼ҳ˱ŸԶԡҶε֡ԶˣͶ࣬ĻעһˣѦƿ֪֥ĹϵģȻܴ󣬵Ҫ˵һ÷֣Ƕ۾ʺһֻϵǸѾͷ

ֳΪ·ͻȻ뾩磬ž̽Ϣ˾֪һʱļʧ˷磬սѦ˵ƭǣӦˡ

Ѧһ˫񣬲ܴ˭ɹҪ뿪˵رһܣȷͷȥٻıһ뿪֮ǰҶεֱ봦ˣԺ鷲ޱʶƵĿܡ

ֻǧ㣬û㵽֥Ѿϳչ˲֣ȻЩƫ

ҾҶεֵ˵
֥ѵСһأ
յϢʱСø棬С÷ֵؼңµľǲ¥С÷Ĳҵȥ¥ŹӶ˳ˮۡ

ȭļλָģ

С÷ʩڸڣæˬʹӦˣͽѰæһǡӡҶû뵽ӦǮȥлǶûҪ
ɹˣֲǵǮɾͲඣı֮ˣӦȭǰѾȨˡ

ֳӺ鷲־ôǿ֮ˣźһξȫˡ

ʮǰɹƾǺµһ֩ľʢۿЩ󳼵ֲȻԹ˼ãѹӾǰƿӲð棬۾۴鷲ӷѦƵȵȵնŴμҲϡ
***
ɷ򱻱١ٺ̫̫ȴûɶоµŮǸһ챩¶ԼһӶˣˮʯֻҵıŶӺޣί͵Ķڽտ˳

ĸף¶ҹζʹ˷ʤֶΣɴ˳ˮۡ
ո̫̫һӿءٿһСһֱ˵ѵģû뵽ǸŮѰ
***
󣬽򿪺ţ첻λ˺ܶ࣬
֥𣿡

ôʹˣ
֥æӿⷿ˳ΪһûӲڼһʱأû뵽ôͳˡ

ȴһ˿ⷿ顯һⷿڹ֥ϡ

ΪɶŵĹ֥ȴһȵıסˣ΢΢ȴãתǸǵһȴ򵥣Ҫ˰οɣ̧ĺ󱳣Ȥ
㻹ں𣿵ʱͦ¸ҵһʱûҲûɶЩС檵Ҳûڵġ

ûƿңҲûҵͽӣԸȥë򱣻ңڻοңһңһ

֥
˫΢΢ɿͷֱ۾֥۾΢ԤвǺʹƿȴĻˣ
һлɡ
˵ǲǳ





120.     ֥һʱ

֥һʱ𾪹۾΢΢Ī΢, 
㵹ͦ

жɫվýš
˵˵ϵϲɫһ, üͷСţ
ϣ㡭

֥š첲ϵЦ
ҿҪǰʧ
˵ŻͷŴ򿪣һƣ
顱
ǰ͵Ĺϡ

볯ŽյĴɵЦ, ղŹ֥Сͨͨ, ϶߳ŭˣԼǸЩʱ, 
֥Ȼȥ, Ҫȥ, ѧٹ

֥û֨, Ⱥ룬˭϶

֥ԼǾܾ˵ģҲû᲻׵, ô£

ׯһδĻͻƶññСһ, ڵİᵽԺʯϣʵĻͻƶҪʲôѾ㹻ζֿٰſ, ѻ֥һţ
Ե㡣

ĻףΧļ˶ĬĵͷרİԼĻƶĿбӣ֥бһۣ
ԼģԼǡ
˵ĵҲû˼ңϾԼһӸԵˡ

л֣½ܸ̫̫ģͽȻʶǳȴʶģϵҲлģʱǾŹ֥˭˭˭Ǹ

ⷿϰһѰȣÿջдЩʫʣ֥зһЩǳ׶ĴʾͷβкҲҡһҡϾЯǷ㡣

дĺܲʱдһǰʫ䣬֥ſԱ߿ͦ棬һ棬ֲؼԼģǰʫձ깤£۶ȣ

֥ŴĴָ޵

üЦ֥ȥϣ
ֵȥķֳҶˣȥϡ

жǮ

һǧأ鿴ˡ
֥ЦСǮǮԺ϶׬ǮǮġ

ǮõģǮŰɣܶҺԺӡ
˵֥ԻСԺӣҲǶԼ˺üˣԼҲմմ⡣

аɡ
ôǮ˼ҹҲ֥ӦˣԺȲ˵ܵĶʱٸҲС

ոյˣûȣһŰֽ
֥ҿǻͦõģܽ̽𣿡

ѽҪһױīһ¡
֥ԼϺͻ˳׻ǹʻרõģͨˣ
ϲʲô


ԥĻش

֥͵ͷԼĿֻͨԽԽԾ̧ͷ°Ͷ쿿ԼԴϵһۣĵ
Զ㡣

æһԶƱ
ⲻ뿴ôôְ
ǰѾһվǰһŵǰһڲߡ

ˣһƥվŵĳ
֥дʡ

æͷҲҪװ

֥ʼ۾ݡʼ⳯Ʈȥæ

βߺѱʼһţವվֱԶָָ֥ԼĻ壬
ɫɡ

밴Ҫɫ󣬹֥
һڲ׼ңȥú÷ʡʡ

ԼҲҪú룬̾˿Ȼ˺̫ҲãԺ󶼲СӣȻЩ᲻ãҪҪԺ轥Զ 

˵ܱ̫ѧĺãֻһ˼ͬˣ
ܴ𣿡
һɵģҪȥ黭ҵ鷿

ֻǹ֥˵һ¸վͱˣ֥űĶӣ˾Ȼװ¾
ûѾӻǻؼҵĺá

үڼ̫̫Ҫ룬ܾͺȶˣ˵ؼҡ

ԭǰӽˣﻹûأ֥ˣ
ˣѾưɡ

ⷿһСĵķ棬֥˸ͷ£ְ˸ľֹ¾ơ
ȥץѾƵҩϣ鷳Сˡ

ľƷԹԵʱ䣬
סĸסǲҪ롭
֥Ӳȥϵĺ̾˿ΪŮĶ¸ĸֿɣһӵеʱ򲻾Ķô󣬵Ҫɢ˺ȴÿˡ

Ż
һӿ͵֥æӶ˵ǰ
ӡ

¹֮˾˹ŰԼֲĹ֥¶һЦݣ
֥ã
֥һİۣСǳԶԼ˰ɡ

֥ĸպҸҪ룬Ҳ֪ôˡ

֥ʵ
ôģ

Դ귢ָҺҾͺƭĸףˣԺҪû˸ףֲģĸίҸί
˵״Σ˼ܼ򵥣ɢˣֲ뿴ĸܡ

㸸ΪڼֻǱ٣ǰչٰɣôȥ
֥ѾˣԼô򵥵ĶϹֳӾǸͨ˱ʥֻʶ˲壬ûҵҵػʥģȻˡ

ںԺƷޣһֱ벡ûȥֵ
֥ˣһ¼˾ܲ˰ɣ̫̫Żأȴ˵˵
֮òҪͣŮҲòҪϾڹĸô궼̲ˣ϶ĵ

֪
۾ЩģЩ޺޵ģ
ҾܣĸôãΪʲô֪ϧڱٺ֪»ʥϵΣֻ֪ڼҽĸȰˣƷ裬ҴסȾƻù׷ĸҴˣ¾;Ҫ롣

ȻˣƷ裬ǹǰԭ£֥۾ٿԲ˼ɤţ
ĸ׼ֱ̫ˣһΪ㸸ڼҹԭأ²֪ڸĻҴ磬ûϳž͹ˣûҪ˸

ԾŴͣĿίһɨ⣬齱˹֥һһգ۵Ĺ˾Ͳˡ


ֵ֥ɵˣعæ˫ֺʮķذݰݣϵĬ
顢飬·飬Ůһʱ죬ûвԵ뷨·Ī֡

ָ죬һһӵĽţһƬϲɫ
ҼҳĵģĸҴ㳢ǺζԺ͹

֥Щµĵģɵʵ
ĸ׺ɹˣ
лյе

˵ĵ
ûУҸ׽ȥӦîˡ
˸ͨ뺣ǲ֪ڸĺúöԴĸףǶվĸһֺ֧룬Ժ͵ûˡ

ŹȳǵƾˣɴûҪ޶ģôǾǷ޵ˣһʰ׵ȥԺîȥˡ

˵ĸͬ˼ˣֻҪ֥ͷͿԼҪӰѾǡ
***
Ҷεֱţӻؼڴһ²űŻ֥ٴμһѾºˣѪָЩյķɣۿĻ鷲ʤ֣ҶεϵϢأ׼粻ܿ˹ĿôĥȻޱȣĳ֥ʩһľǻͦ׼ģҲԴЩ绰ǻ
лСӡŹӵľ֮
˴νСӶҲԼ֮˵죬Լٲ֪ն¡

ҵҵ
֥˸ӻ
ɫܲţүүչ˵ĺܾġ

үүǶչ˵΢̺ͱķ˺ĸζ࣬ǳҵθڡ
ҶεֿǶԼչˣΨһĲþǣ
ҾүүԼϺͿˣʱɻȴû
ţʡعζޱȣֻ͸ϴ֣Ǽð֮кЩ©Ǹˡ

鷲Ǹʲôģ
֥ԼԡҶε֡ӡ
һǳ©ˣʱ񡭡
Щ붼ûҶεָתԭԼһЩСı˼ʶơ


º˵˵
Ҷεֵļվһɫ˵ʲô֥ҶεֳԼƳһۻͷɵצģСǲǱ˵һأ

ʥ׼Ӽ飬ԺǾͬˣİɣһЩֵܶӦġ


ҶεһмʵǺȥӼ飬ʥΥӦȻǺõģ
лŹӡ

֥÷
֥Ҫ֪˱Լһɡ






121.  ӡˢ   һ

һ
һһ, »ʵǻһԸŵĲ˾Ϳʼˡ
ʷ̨Ժʷ԰ٹٽм, 
˾Ժĥ˾Ըڲ˲ˣһʱԱְܶλȱ

ЩԱжΪ̰ͼɫģǾֻʥ֪ˡ

Թ֥ûһλرԺӣһֿڵĽԺӣǧ˰ٹᣬǮ, δЩر, 볢һµľӪģʽ

ģʽʱµҲͻأ˼Ǯе, ûдǮӡǮǮµֶ, ϵֶεȻǸŻ׬Ǯ̼, Թ֥Լļƻһ, 
ģʽһǴɷݣԺ£ÿ¸, ׬Ǯ֣һԺ̶ʲɣԺ󲻸ԺӳִҷǮ

ѡڶ֡
ʱԺһһ, ԼĲòôǮ͵ˡ

ʱ³˾ԺӣĶܱ, ֥ԤǧԺӴͶʣôʮһɣŮ˴ǧٹͷʣµˡ
ʯӹҪʮɡ
οϴ˵ؼҰԼȫ˽˳Ҳӣĸ˵İʮɡ

̷ʦԼɣ֥ʮɣùƾԼ̵Щռ̫󣬾ͰѼĹ߲϶˹ԺɻǮÿ׻Էֺ

ɺëëôᣬԼ⼸ܵǮ˳˼˵Ҳÿһɣȴܼ
֥ǲɣȥ

Ǯף
֥Щƣǿɶ˵׵ˡ

㶼Ǽʲô
ɲںĵŲų׵ģһڵĶá

㣬Ҳף
ëëò׵ܳ棬ǻܰ

ӡˢõ˿ɶˣ֥ȱ֣Ӧ˵ǰͷ
Ҫúøɣ׼͵ˣ

֪Ҳзأһúøɡ

ϡޱޱЩŮǾɵİµĶˣǲ£ǵÿ׷ֺ

µװޣԺӴģǰĵĳ˴ų棬нӴҡչҡң·˷׷̽ͷǸʲôģ

ʱˬ֮ʡ

ĶӡӡˢӪҵˡ

ĿҵַǳĴ󣬹֥ʨ㳡ݣֵȴûг齱ͷܶݵ˺ܶ࣬Ĵſȴ壬½Ŀ˶ֳһ뺯ſбһźСƼ뺯ǩǩ֡

濴ݵ·ǷάĺñС˵
һҪĴͻܽȥ
ʲô
ӡˢӡӡӡľ塭

׸ӡģ
ܽȥ𣿡
ڸտҵУԺԵġ


˴ӻҴŽ룬չǽϰɫףϰ벿Ǹָ껭ʮ֣йģгϲģӵףٵģ˸ߵĻȡ鱾鲼ӣһֺͻӡȥģСɵıǩһӣɫͼִ䣬֥ĵƷ

һڳСֳͭڸõĿ˽⣺
н鼮껭̱ӡˢҵ񣬿ӡֽʡ޲鲼˿ľȸֲʣͼרҵʿݿҪͼпеƷֱµ

תһȦĿ˴ӺŵԺӣİСָ·
͹롭

黭ĵ䣬տҵǰιۣƽʱЩطǲ⿪ŵġ

оҵĵʦԿ̰棬ƷҿԼ飬Ѿ˴ʦļչ黭Ʒľ衭

ӡĿ͹ٿԿǵı۵еֵģͼģ͹ٿѡ䡭
̷ľվԱЦҪˣĺ˷ܵģԼҲһˣԺҪﾤҵҵˡ

רڲӡˢģҿƵȥԼӡˢҲͲӡˢÿֲͼ۸񶼲һǻרŵı۵ʸ˿֤ͣƽҪۡ

̱ңǴ黭Ƹ˸߼ʣǹʵƣλ͹ٿѡԼϲĹʵԼ壬Ҳȫ壬ǻĹʷѡ

ѽڣˬ԰Ｘųӽˮ㣬һõı۵һѰѴɡµСԲм䡣

վ죬۵޷Ŀҵʽ
ʣȲ󡣡
ûİ취Ҳ

ӡһ飬ǲԺĺòãǧӡǮû٣ԡ
̷ʦѣ漸ʮˣҺǺҲš

Ǹãҽܽܡ
̷ʦߡ
̷ʦҲӡˢкˣһЩҲ٣˺Լæ˹
Ǻþò

ϵܣ㿴Σ쿪ţҲͰףͼ̸ɫװġ
껭ĻԼĻµ

˵ıȭ
лϸ磬һ㰲ŵ׵ġ

һǺҲĿˣԱϱźСӣ
붩һ̱꣬Ҫʵģͼӡһǧݡ

Ժ󶼽ӡˢ𣿡
̷ģʦ֣æ׷ʵ
ǵģϸƼҽӡˢ˵ӡͼ
ȻרŵĹԱ˵ԺӡݺǮٱ˰ɡ
ãͼûҲǩԼ˵ŻݣҾǳŻġ

ȻԣŻݸںԼϣԺ˼۸Զۿۡ
ѵ̷Ľҵͷͷǵ

ʶһ̱ͼĿ𣿡
Ȼԣλ̨γƺʯ

ձ˾ͱ˸ţλЩεæվ
**

*ѿģæʲôҪ󾡹ᡣ
ʯϯʣĴɶء

͵ʱ֥ͭ˴ǫ̃ϣ
ˬӣлҶԡĶӡŵĴ֧֣Ϊ˻ҵ֧֣տǩĺԼ󶨼ٴۣڽһݺԼǩ֮ǻڽеĺԼгȡһλ˽λ˶ǡĶӡⵥ񡭡

ܴ۾Ǹ⾪ϲˣȻ
ⵥ
ڹ˶ʼ۷׷ˣ
ϧֻһ

һָòͷͲˣͿɲһ

Ҵµƫ˶·ܼ֣ҪѶټӵ㣬׬ģ

֥һż
Ķӡ֧ȨƵ̱ٸ̷ĽԼԭ彻ӡˢѡӡˢͼӡˢ

̿ɲ٣ЩֻǹҲˣֺõ棬ͼľͺöˣ
Ǳ۵ٸҽһͼļǮôģ

Щǩ˺Լ̼Ҷڵϵⵥ󽱣гʳӦ֮ͬҲл

˷һķ䣬Ƶģ濴ȴһָϸǽ

һλ׺ӵ˷һһСڴ̣ȫ
ٶңնܼٹģ۹󡭡

ź졭
һϢĹɶǶֿ˻ʵû뵽һõôĶ

ⵥĳȡЩȴۼ֤£ԺԼдںֽϣŵ齱ɶȡ
š𣿡
ҼңҼң
Χ۵˾֣ⵥ󽱰Լء

˶ǮĶ
ʮģ
н֮һɫ
Ҹտʼʮᣬ˵ⵥ˽׷˶ʮᣡ

澫


ڶһ磬֥Ķˣ
ʦ֡ʦ֣ǰֽźͲһԤ㣬Ѷȥ
塢ëëǸݶһʱ䣬ЩͼҪġ

ӡ鳣̷֣ʦһŷ֣ǡĶӡҿŵĵûлֹ֥θҵ

ͼ棬ҲһЩӦ֮װͼڲϵӡȾϡ

ȾϲʲôϡģЩͼ͹֥鲼ˣ۹ĲׯĶӡµʽӡȾǿԼ

ŵһ½ЩһʽӦˡĶӡƣ

һʼæҵĥϵĻϣʱһξ͵ףִ֥ļ˷ʽ˸ɶǳɹۣɶҲϲˣ
óһֺ죬һΪʱôʡǮ

ССĹɶͬˣһҲӡǮǿ

֥ıͼģʽˡ

ܸ㣬
ôҵ˻Ա֥ı˻
һͷһݿհ׵ı

˭֪û죬Ҫ˷
٣һ¡
֥˷˳ȥĹǮû裬һ˰ҪˣԼɾ̫ˣǮɿԼְֽ̳ġ

Ժ󣬹̵֥ȥٸﱸ˽⵽ЩʫʿԼӡˢԼƷԵٸʾ棬֥˳µͷȿгͼĽ̶ܳȣĳשȽϺá

˹֥֥Լ뷨һһ˵
ԶͯɣóשǺϲԺһһЩȤζԹ飬֪乫ӾΣ

侲ţ
ܸҾٸ𣿡

ǳ׶Ĺ£Ҳͼ乫ӿ¶Բԡ
֥ԼĻõԱߵİϣԼһ£
ǡ󽣡Ĺ£ҽ¸һǲϷչ仯ġ
֥ɫïĽһǳ׶Ĺ£һ˼ֱͷĶͯ϶ϲЩ뷨ˣ
ͼأ
һͼҿһ¡

֥΢ЦŰϵĻݸʱĴָ⣬ָ΢ķ·©һģ֥֣Ļﾯը졭
·ˣַ·һȼգĲԼȴڹ֥Զ΢΢֪Լһֱȥ 
֥ҡ

乫ӣ𣿡
֥͵ĳԴĻ

С
˵ԼڵȢΪޣɹ֥룬
˵˵ҵ𣿡

ͷ֥ķӦԤУûټ˵ȥ֥¶һ΢Ц
СͱĺӾͲ̫һϲϲͿͻ۴⣬ϲ˵˫ֳֳĲͬƷҵĻܵĸ䣬Ժ߱ϱʱ˵ññСݵñǴģĶӡÿġ

Ůӡ

֪˼Ů˼һ˹һӣ˼ӹٽҲھ˳ۣҲˣҲϲ㲻ϲһԺӣȥﶼóһסҵĲ𣿡
֥װױʾԼ˼һܸĶɡ

Գ֮ˣ˼²Ǻʱ߾˵ģֻǮڡϸδϣԼٵȵȣ
׼ȳЩ£ûȥֻ˵


֥һѰԼ׼õĲݸ嶼ø







122.     ٽ֮

ٽ֮, ֣ڿ飬Ȼ˴ν˷˺ʱ, ǧֻһǧıȴնɱɽǧ࣬ʥϵķ͹Զӭˡ

̨ϣӶŵĺͯǴӰָָ㡣

ԼŻӵ۹⾹ȻǸԼģ֣·Щƣʱ֣Ҳ, Ը׵ӡѾģ, ǰ֮˸ߴͣһԵôİ, Щԥĺһ䣬
ס
ͱһ˫Ĵֱ, 
ø˵Ц

Ů˸߸, ֵ֣ͷһ, 
˭ҵĺ
ԽתһȦҲ벻Լ뾩ʱļϲ£
Ц࿴ɵһᣬԺԶȡЦ

ףǵܵΰôǵˣ
ſ֣¶ѵ

֣Խ, ĿӣȻһЦֵͷŲС, 
ΣڼҲҪ𣿿캰ס

ȻҶӣ𾪹ǿϲ֣¶, ŵһμСŬ٣
Σĸ֣£ұ𣿡
˵ųֻ֣רעĴ֨ 

ôӸױεһţ
Σø׾ٸ߸ߡ
֪ǸԻǾٸ߸ССӿ˹
ס 
һ˫ĴͻȻһ֮˷ܣ֣¿ԲĴ۾ԼӣӾǴġ

֣ŮһһޣԱߵЦһ㣬
ˣ

Լĺɶ಻ģ
ֵһ׻ӣұԺȥ
ȻؼҰɡ

֥˵С̷ˣӲǹŷŸϹȥ֣ɴӳǶññСҲŸϻǰµÿ֥˾ſڵһЦ
ҶɶӦ

ɵӷӦ
֥Ц
⻹ǹ֥ʽش֣ݡЦ

ʲôôģ
֣ѾһԺЦ˳ֱ߽ŵŮ˦ŸϤȥ
㣬ùãҸ׻

Լõİɣ
Ц˳
㲻ߣ۱߳Էġ

ɺ͹֥չչ˺ӣȥӰҿӣ㲻ڼҲûզ
ĸɷʢֻ⻰զᡣ

֥ܸ֪û뵽Ҳôˡ
֣¸˵İһ̳һţ
Ҫúþúʹ

ԼȾưɣ˼ʲôڣ

һȾˣĸ


ڶ죬ҵݶյŸ˹̶ʱ䣬˶仯ܴ֣µĴ˵԰ڣ
ܣ˹֥Ľ飬Ǽĵض޻궼˸üǮָ˸Ժרʰ޻

ǺƬΧɽչˣǵĺƬ඼ǴĻ
ɽͷҲʼЩһɽϣǸǰֻԼɽѾģżҴ٣Χɽ˺öɽôѾժˡ

޲ĺܣǴҼҶ֯ǰ޲Ǯ̫ˣȾ˻ɫǼǮȥˡ

֣»ؾˣҪ뾩ˡ

ֻܹǸũʥϾڽ½һߴҪһЩȥ춨ַȻѡԱ

ֻѡַʱ䲻᳤֥Щڽһֱģڶûʲôӣȥһۣٳûлȥһ˹գǸ˾ӵá

ˣ
ͬ⣬ññСݺö˵ˣ

Ƕȷ뿪һʱûɶġ
˵ֲǾԼһɶ̷ʦҲǸɶѹȻû⣬һɶҲܹŷǮɣ
ֽɡٻвŰѰѹأҸ㿪Ǯ

ǮܸҿٹǮ
ʯЦȥһæûɶģѾͷͰǮ˵¡

ְܼλһȥʮʮᣬʮʮᣬʮʮᡭ

ʯĬβŵ
֥һûʹһٺ٣

𣿡

ʯͷ

֥ɣ
û𣿡

ʯƤ
ˡ

˼ҹ˶֥ĵͷ
һÿʮ죬Զʮᡣ

ʯȻֲԼǵٺ̷֥ľʮǮأʱԼΪΪ£̷ľǮЩԭԼ۽ˣ֥ԼĹǮߣⶼϳ͢Ʒٵٺˡ

Ҳȥʮɡ
ñԼٺ̫ͻڹɶ

ۡ
֥ûסЦ
˼Ҹպ̣Ǿ͵Σ
߰źˣ֥ҲҪؼҰһ£Ҫʰеʱܽġ

ãҾȥ

֥뿪ʯܺƹǰҪ̰˰죬¶һ֮΢Ц

˵˹֥ҪŴȥ󣬻ؼҾͺĸ
ĸףȥѧ

̫̫˱ôððʧʧһ㶼ԥģԭ϶ֻһ
Ҫȥꣿ

ĸӢ
ЦŸĸ״磬
ҪȥǰǱð˸ӣһȥȥݡݡȥתת

Ǹ֮صҲȥģ綨ͺˣҲ˳

ĸ~
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