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һ仰飺ͷջ
⣺ͷ򣬺гҸ


1
һ룬õҫۣվ4sͣԣ΢ЦĿϳֵ
ɫβ˳ȥ·ϵĳ
ЦӲڵԷɣ׵ϸ߸յطصڡ
ǩһֳˡ
һλͬĽسкһ˵һ߿棬Ųɿ죬Ҫӿͻ
Ѿû˵ˡ
ǸæˣֻܳϢĿ϶￴ǩսæһ磬緹ֿʼд̸۷ķҪʼձֵǣӼӣտܶŲȥ
ŷǿͬĸֱ֣ݣǰ¥ʳá
ʳüȹӦԱҲдͻʱֻˣǵﲻͬŵԱտٴһٴĲһˢֻһ߳
۲ĹȺǩϲѶµһҳһڣղ¶Цݡ
ѧѧרҵҵһ꣬ÿ춼ڰ칫ŵԻȻнˮɹȶպֺܿᷳսһ۹ľնвŨȤ
еʱһʱı׵нǿԷⷿģȥѾ˰ġ¶۹ھнˮǵģĳɾ͸С
ֻЦųһڷ
սս㣡
ջͷʳڡ
ϸ²˷һ˷ܹܵһɲŲתն档
գʲôô
ܵͨ죬ϰǰ㣬˫ѩؿգҲǸ˵λСϵңҴǵĸ߼۳
յͷô¡
˷ѾҪҽˣոշСҴ绰˵ҹǩҪʲô֤ս㣬ҷô˵ˣⵥǲǿ϶ˣ
⻰պǳԾ
Ҳӵ۳ˣǩĴͻҪڿּۻ۵ı׼̣ȻҲвǮģڹվͰѵǩ£ֺͨᷢڲϡ
ԣǷײ˴ˣλСֻ˵˵
Σ׼㶼Ӧõġ
ûи϶Ĵ𰸣ֻһḳ̌ˣ֮¿ܳ©
粻æʲôʱϵҡ
ţԴͣ
ŸոռǺõıʼǣԪ뿪ˡ  
Ŀ࣬վ³չһɫĿͻһǱߵ
ʮ֣ȥӭӿͻ
Ӻ󣬷һԶŮ͸չزտһλʱഺŮʿһλʿĸ첲λʿͦΣһװһʼֻƳԷĲӰΪǸˣȶԷת𾪣漴ü
ջת߿ͬʱλװͻȻ
ͣ½Ų
С˳ʢĿ⿴ȥһıӰŸ߸Ь˵ںɫȹƷҡҷˡ
Сҧšʢһ£÷粻ע⣬ԴףŮ߲·ǲǣ
ʢѾʮˣǸɹʿͣҶʮͷŮֻѰ̼ǮУϾ̸档
ƽʱܳ緶С㣬ɸոƳŲʢû顣
С㣬Цŵȥǩͬȥϴּ䡣
С㿴ĿƲƲ˹ٸʵס
չһ¥ռ俪˸ʽ³ʢԳûȤһֱ׷
ա
Ϥġ
ղʢֱΧѾͬ³ˡ
ͣ½ŲתʽЦݿʢɣܽŮ򳵣
ʢ˺ڣһ˿ν͵곡Ϸ棬㣬ƹ˾ϰ࣬ôˣ
յĿͶ˸ŷȥǩͬķС㣬ͣʢҲµ֡
վöģһ۶࿴ʢѪԵϵĸס
Ҷˣ֪ܲ𣿡շ̵ذ˰ǰĹơ
ʢɫá
Ѿת뿪
ʢɨܣ֪ﲻ˵ĵطûȥŮ
ʢ˷Сߡ
СѾǩ˺ͬһĺ֣СĻŭţȥ׷һƯŮۡ
ϧҪٵȰ²ᳵʢߣСΪź˵
ʢ˼ϣһġ
Сתת۾ͻȻŶӺ
ʢŷסǿʩһֹģﲻ
СɫʹȴϧʢͰ͵ص⼸ӶܣȥҽԺɣ
ʢʶü
Сĸ첲
ʢԷС㻹ţε̾Сϳ˾һ§ŷС㣬һְҺš
СҪȥĽһҽԺڵλҲܽ
ҽԺСѳָʢҺţ˵֪ͣĻΪǸŮϵֲ²⣬ڿС㼸Ҫʢϵ̬·Ҳܲµˡ
ʢСҵڿơ
Ŷӵʱʢ΢ͨѶ¼ҵһûϵĺš
༭ϢʱСƳһעġ
С㻹͵ʢͻȻվԭȥһԷϢ
ʢôȥˣ
Ϣȥʢһֱȵ÷СȥˣԷûлظ֪̫æûпϢǵز
ʢͷ˩סСĹܲˣԶڡ
˵ϵʱ䶼ôֻ֣
ҵ·ϣС㲻˵졣
ʢͷѯ
ǲشˡ
С˺ߣ뵽ʢĵһ誣ʱʢĲѾ˶ĬĬţʢڽǵĶжŲϺţѾȫĵزҵŮǿˡ
ǰһ˴ˣʢȣС˽ȥ
Сңע⵽һλǳҽʮģüĿ忡ţֵߵüֱҽƾȥǡ
ǰС㲻Ծɿʢĸ첲˱ߵ鷢ҽ档
ĿʢСϼ򵥵عһ飬СҪ￨
ã忪ʼѯʷС֢״
СθȷЩʣΪȷʢϧСǳرᵽСҽиӲ飬᲻ǳ
ڼ¼֢״Ƥûָ̧ԱߵĲ÷Сȥ
СɺãĿؿ塣
߹÷СָӲλᰴ˼£칫
ҽ𣿡Сʡ
崹¼ǡ
С㣺ôӲʲô
ڿһۣǲǱغأ
С㣺
ʢתһԣʱȥ˾Ӱࡣ


2
սǩһø˵ģΪĿʢСŮѣյؿڱµûš
ĸ븸飬/ǸöŮɧ
ôȥˣ׵ĵڶҲûܸĵĵë̲ȥֿ꣬ʼ޼ɵط
Ǯ˶ģã̯ôһܲס°ĸף
λСͣʢֱҪ
պ޺޵ؽʢĵ绰롢΢Ŷ˺
սԼûԷ
ش˹ˣϸһֱɨչϴĿ۶ûĴͽܣֻƢãϲⲨ񡣷ⵥɹײ˴ˣҲյĹ͡
ҲǴ۲ģ̫ϲˣȻĵһͻʢСŮѣղΪԼҵɨ˷¡
սԼҪӦ·룬ֻͻȻһ𶯡
Ǿĵ绰
ս轹п𣿡
Уôˣ
ȽȽǰһ¥ˤȥˣһ˾ϵҲ߲ܲȹȥ
մСھ˾˼ҳȽ׽һ֪Ƚˤ¥ݣˣ𼱣ϹȥȽȽôˤ𣿡
û£ʦΪˤúأȥæҲȥ
˽˻ԼøȥԷָ˼٣ǰ°һҽԺ
Ҫ°ʱ䣬·΢£ҽԺͣóﲡȽѾ˼飬һУվ
㣬û£ǰȹˡ
գȽӿỨһ
շסãһֽᣬһѯ龭
ܼ򵥣¿ˣȽͬѧڽѧ¥ȴ֣¥ʱһŲȿգʦǡԱߣ˽̰ȥȽűȽĳƴȥʦΨһģǽȽ˻ŵء
ȽԽ˵޵Խһδĸ˵۱˹ѾڷǳصĴˡ
˺ˣʲôãסεĽѵԺΣյĵط׷ܴˣȥúöдҵ㿼óɼǸʦõĲõͷ
Ƚģƽˡ
ûãлʿһλŮ߳ˡ
Ƚ˹ȥģʦҲãҡ
ʦƶϣʮݿʹȰЦſȽޱޣ۶ѣӾͺˣֲʲôβõĲҲֵޡ
Ƚ޵ø
߹һ߸Ųߣһʦ˵ʦãȽȽĽ㣬Ҿ˾˾蹤æûǲ˼ˣ¶ȽȽʦˣڼķö֧
ʦովע⵽ˣʮͷŮӣһװƯ÷·ᷢ⣬ֻôһ۱ȶûôˡŮӳƯ̬ȸãֽòִ󷽣һ˵ʦ˸ȪƵģ
ҽҩѾˣҸȽȽģȽȽְǱԺΣСڿƵҽһҽԺԵ֡ʦЦݺͰص
֪˾˼ʦ㽻顣
ʦȹۣòرأʯ¾ָܻ
һֱҽԺиϿͻҪ³þҲˣձҴһ4sꡣ  
յľʦĲ˺ܾãֱʦСӹˣٴϵǸŴȽ뿪ˡ
裬ˤôң
ҹĻ٣ȽĸŮϲţͷԹʯĸס
ʦЦſСӣʲôãʯ࣬κҵȣֲʲôˣ㻹٣ֵ
岻ÿɷóֻ׼ϵĸס
ʦʲô
ѾĺƬˣȺرڵ۶ĳѧν̵ĸͬǵĹ硣
շ꣬ʦֻˣڴĵ绰
ʦСӣʼϹ
ûӣīĵ绰Ҳߣôˤģ
壺һΪʦΪĸΪѧϧա
ʦַһ۵
īˤ𣿡
壺ȹۣҪ£мˡ
īϹ´֪ͨҡ
ҪҲǲ֪ˤˣһͷѾ˵绰
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ˣأ
Ҳˣƻ
ţһһ롣
ļĹһƻϴɾڲߵͷ
üĿͷʱܶĽëشȥ޳𪣬ƻĶС
ʦеСӡ
ʦӣö˧īڸ͵ģԴӽഺھͿʼˣᣬڼҲ¶Цʦ˵СãСǷ޵Сްæϴæˮѧϰǹûǲٹġ
СӽҲʮˣû̸ˡ
ʦ˼뿪һҪӽӣôɫĶӣǵţʦֱĸоһֱΪСʺһƯŮӣ̸һȻƽȴ۵˳˳ؽ飬齨һСѡ
ҿȽıˣСӣƯؼǻرòʦ˻ϻӡ
ƳһۣʮˣǣߣҲýλƯСܸҴ硣
ʦ̾ƢܣǿС
룬ĸ⻰е
Ȼ涼һ˵ı׼ǣ岻̸һİ˿չһӵĸ飬õʧҾأΪΪΪŮˣƷ衣
Ϊһ˵Ķǳʺÿ춼Լϲ£ÿһ˵ĺö񣬲õԼʲôһ˵ĸ飬õԼԷˡ
ܣһȥԷףһһֵ
ƽ͵˵
ʦٽ彫õƻ˹ȥõסʦ졣
ʦ˵С̸ļƻٴθǳ
ƻʦ뵽ѧСԺҪϿΣѧҪ߿ˣ߿ǰÿһ춼ǳؼѾϰҵڿηʽʱˣ˲ϰߣӰѧϰ״̬
Ϊһʦڼ£ʦ
ü㶼ˣôϿΣ
ʦֻȶˣֻܶΣ°࣬ʲô
ͷۡ
īˣ˾Ӷߣ˵ĸ׵ƽ硣
ȻʦִֵһҲı䲻ʲôֻͬ£ֵʱ䣬ĸ°ࡣ
ϴοʲôʱ򣿡īȻʵܵܣ֪ܵҽԺһС˷ƽʱǲϰ࣬ΪɣܱܵҵҲû򳵣żǿϹŶ
壺ڵҵĳ
īĬϡ
忴ĸףϸȥгҿĳСʱ
īۼ
ʦڵʱһڣڼʮˣûл
ī翴˳ˣɶʦ޶ԣһ˵Ļ䣬ֻܿ᲻û
ⲻī¶ı飬ʦ㿪ʼˣ֪ǮǮٶҲʡŻ˷ѵĵطһֶ˷ѡ
ī
ڴ£֧ĸףҲüĳܲ˻ɵС
ԼĳģԿ׻ңļ춼ȥҽԺȨϤָС
ڶ죬ݳʻһ룬ͣµȺƣʱ򣬳϶ˡ
壺
ػɣīܶϳʲôֽš


3
ȷ޷ү˫ߵ·߰ȫλã122˵
ȴϳĹУҽԺ˰ռ١
ҽԺÿҽæµʱ٣һϵе鷳
뵽Щ忴үĿҲ˲ơ
ȻԸ廹Ǹһ绰
ˣ޷
³Ҽǵǳƺһ¹ڣϡ
ɵô죿
ϴܻôͷҸµġ
ϣ϶ͬ⡣
˵ողȫ󡣡
壺
ˣŸأСҲ֪˶ٴλѡ
ΪǳܣΪ˸ĸİȫǣͬۡ
Ⱥʦڴ˵绰ոЩΣվϣ϶ͬүȥϡ
һ￴
°࣬ȥ̽ʦ
һû˰ɣʦĵشСӡ
壺ã龪һֻײ˳
ʦ£֪ˣȻЩɶӾ͵ӡ
ЦЦƳϵĽ̰Цֽסˡ
ĸⱲӣʱ䶼ڽˡ
ˣԺôңʦȻʡ
壺Ϣȥ³
ʦڳͦģҸתǮ
ӱҽԺڶ꣬ܲࡣ
壺ãֻʮ㹻ˡ
ʦͣȻ򳵣Ǿõģ̸ȥҲӡ
һעСӡ
ûиĸ磬򳵵  
˫ջ4sæµʱߵվ͵˵ꡣ
СʱϰԼҼĲٿСʱĳᣬһĹʽʼ
ͻŮʿԼʮᳵڴ֮ǰղ׼ȷ׼¿ͻչھŵ㵽ʮָڣڼ䣬ֻҪվչڣڿĿͻʱһԼƬֹķʽȽޡ
ŵʮң׼Ӹͬ£ҪȥȺŮʿΪһְۣΪÿһͻṩӿᳵۺһʷ
ѾһˣʱȻ߽һ׳ˣԷͦΣһͷ̷ɾ䣬ȴֳɫոС
ջûüϸԷ٣ԷѾ䵽ϣ¶һְҵ΢Цפкãӭٱꡣ
˵䣬΢΢ͣ٣۲ԷķӦֻһ򵥵罻ȴܸݿ˵ķӦһЩԷԸǳĬˬʽ̸
ո߽4s壬δչڵ㱻ǰСеע
ůĵشбλСվһƬУ۾뵽ɽﾲʵȪˮհӯ͸·ᷢ⣬Цƺ̺һħƿߣɫһˮ飬Ԥ׵صͷһ޷ݵļ¶΢ĵ˲һ㴫ȫ
ַ֪ӦԶƣɫ䣬ԿһЦĿͶСչ
տλѾȲȥˣǡûա
ά΢ЦóһƬ˫ֵݽȥİɣǱ۹գԺʲôʣϵңΪ񡣡
ͷӹƬ
ЦЦȿ߽ȥҲ첽ȥˡ
ȻЩңֱĸ߸ЬŲʧߵһչԣƫͷ
չվز⣬һɫȹƷ¶һذֱСȡӵһģĿȴĲϡ
ͻȻ̨ףոտһɫȥ
ɫͣãһλѮҵŮʿЦڸŮʿߣһ·չ
弰ʱջߡ
ʱһλСӽȤ𣿡
ҡҡͷغеƬ㿴
СЦűʾأ߿ˡ
չܴ󣬿½꣬ƺæµҪôڿͻ߽ܳҪôͻɳֺͬϸڣҪôļ¥¥µı
ʾҪԼ֮󣬲û
װĴӣʵһֱλյС㡣
ǰĶʮͷѧԡĹҽû̸ҲûռഺϲŮ־ڵӻϼɫ޵ǣ˿֤岻ûм棬Ȼʱ˿̣̲סȥ͵λС㣬·ڰеķɶ귢һԴ鲻Խɼ
Ůʿȥˡ
ҶʧӰȷҲͷеƬ
ƬӡĹգƯüµЦݣû˺ÿ
Ƭϻϵʽֻ롢΢źŰ䣬ǳȫ档
ҵ򳵣ܼѡ
ʵһƬֲ˺ü4s꣬չʱûҪĸӵĳֻһȽ4s۵BƳںƷƣԭƻĶʮԤֻBƳ˵һ
忪ʼ۲չıۡ  
ŮʿĽһСʱŮʿ뿪ʱ˿ͺܶ࣬׼ɫĿͻʱбע⵽֡
Է忡ʳڣϼдŮʿ֮ǰƬһλˡ
Ц˹ȥ
վһɫǰᡣ
ղźۼᣬֱCEֳͣλ35-50֮䡣
Ѿǵĳ𣿡Цѯʵ
ͷ̧е᣺ӦþĿѡһ廹ҪæѡƼǰûûо顣
ѡĿꡢԸԼжϳһλܺùͨĿͻ
õģվ˵㣬ȥϢ̸ɡָϢλãϢԱ߾ǰ̨ṩϲˮ
ͷ
·ϣĵ̸֪գ
Ŀǰ졣
۾һպܺ͸һŵĸоʻء
ɫ׸һִôģҵ
ֿĿעӣֿʼңڵҲôá
ЦΪϺþûоҾرϲգһλڸ׸ͽף֮һμǶˣգҲر
˼Ƭ̣ûĸˣðľȻǴϵɡ
½ڹ𣿡
ǣҽ
һȣô͵ҽˣʱ϶Ǹѧԡ
ЦЦмĬϵζ
ձִʺƨһߴһѼϢ̶һ·Ѿ֪ѧУĸҽԺˡ
ɣյľ˾嶼ڽһ
ʵԾģΪ϶ôߣⵥˣٶ
ϲãȥ̨̲裬ʼ̸
Ҫͨڣ⼸γǺܺõѡ񣬳ͨڣԳбʲôҪƩ˵ԳװεķεԵȵȡ
룬вҪչˣϣʱܽϸ̶߳ȵʣռһ㣬ܹΡ
գʲôΣƬ𣿡
µһΣƷ档
ձţڷϢձƵߣվԡ
רĹ۲εĲȴΪĿ΢΢Ӳ
ĿֻĻŵϵˮζЦݣ¡
ǿ۵Σ⼸γĺ䶼㹻áЦŻص棬ΪǿԣҲǮվ͸ƼĿγ۸ߵȫƤʣǰζɼͨ磬첻ȣ첻䡭
ĬĬ۸Ĵ㹻֧׸ʻҲûѹ
ǰᳵ𣿡
ԵģǸոм
ţǾǩͬɡ  
īæһĹҽԺ̽ĸס
Ҳڡ
īˣ
ͷ
īʲô
ʦЦеģʮBƳ
СӲ˷ѵԸ񣬵һ򳵾ôõģ϶ȥĻԺŮء
īؿܵܣҪô򳵣һô󷽣ܾйŹ֡
ĬĬˢֻ
Ϊǩ˵Ѿ΢źˡ


4
յܲ
ǩ
ǩǵѾӪµĿͻһλİ졣ԤţͨѡһԼ۱ǿĳֲϷƷҪһֱABƷԥպüο߽AƷƵ4Sꡣ
ƶӪƹ㣬ѡƼĳ
ⵥڱȽϱ׼һҪһ۸ġտɣҽż͸۵ζ㣬Ըºͺùͨʽ㲻ѹۣƼıմƷȫܣ
뵽ҽⵥ棬ձƲסǵ
ϦϣյܳӢ
մ󷽷˽յĹܽᣬǿͬ
һʮλۣʮ۵Уʮղϵģȴ⼸۳ɼõģܾرĽ
˵Ҫ۶ȥˣԱһǨ䶯۲Ľܹȥµ۲㽫ӳӢŴλѡţյ۽ͬһܵλá
۶˼Ѫͻһƥ
ϲյƽ׽ˡЯָ㣬ǱôվͲ֪ˡ
Ϧʰð칫绹һձȥ¥չ
ûݣת¥ȥġ
Ҫô°ˣҪôһ¥칫β¥չԵÿտ
ûʲôرĿģֻǿˣǡ
пͻ΢ŷߵ¥м¶С̨ɳϻظϢ
ϢոҪԶͻȻһԼû꣬˵ڲᱸУ֮ǰӦõģΪʲôͻȻ߸ûꣿ
һĶͷ˾Ӣܡ
ӢƽʱڵºָѵҲƽջǵһ˵
УǳӢϹڴ
ղ͵˾ļ˽ܣСֻ̨һڣڳȥĻһϳӢӢⱻԺ˻ôദ
תմӰȡ֣Ŀʼһ廹ҡڣɴ֤ʵȷʵҲˡ
Ӣһߴ绰һչмߣ·С̨ʱŲһ٣˲ŵա
ӢĿ⣬䵽յϡ
պƯŮ˼˶ĶŮӢһμʱΪվиɲпܱĸϰ߹ܿϣӴ˳Ϊһֻ˿ȸ
վȻǸҵļǿŮˣӿĿİ¶ȹھֻʱ䡣
ӢҲôᣬܹҵͶ빤
ʮ֮󣬼ͥͻȻһһѹ˹ľġ
½㣿
շ·ע⵽ӢĵѸժ¶Цվк
һĨϦ䵽ϣŮĿֿЦݳ˸Ⱦ
ӢҲЦˣҵ绰գôû°ࣿ
ս͵ԼһȥԷء
ӢͷƺصֻŴˣҲҪùϵ
˵꣬ӢǰˣһɫװŲȸ߸ЬӰ˳Ů˵ķ顣
ĿԶͷһ˿
Ӣǻʲô˼۹ϵԶ۲ŵŽᣬǡ
ˣûӰӵ£ôʲô
ӢĻҲеõ۹ھ۲ͬһԶٷɡ  
ߵ࣬һ
ͣףɹ˵һ
ŶӵȺŵʱ򣬷հԣս㣬Ǹͻ˧ȥˡ
֪˵˭ЦЦͦ˧ġ
΢ţٿ¡
գҲû˧˻յĵزɣ
翴ƵĿ⻹ֵûգǴȻ˧磬ûױ˾ȴˣЩտܻȲأ
޷ֵĳԣҽŵǺùͨµ졣ͻֻҪԸʹʹµ򳵾͹ˣֵҪ
ɵҲģվͰֻ˳ҽ΢š
ӹֻո˧ͻעǡͣڡ
湻רҵġһ²ۣһߴȦ
ϧǣȦֻмҽѧϵת
ҽ
š
壿ֿ
аɣּͨӷˡ
ĵصǰʺƨ̬ȽȻͬ
ͷֲȦҲûƬʧؽֻա
ս㣬ҽ˵㻵ʹɫ
ոȤü˭
Ĵȷûй˾ˣſգСֹŴͣһʼ̸ӣĽҵãŴ;Ϳʼʾǩô൥ȫǿġ
շһߡ
ŴӢͬܣǰոս꣬ŴְܵλǱպؾܾˣŴƤֺùΣֱȷᣬŴ;ͿʼŰŸ°ӣε
ձܿ϶гӢάŴ㲻ڹѹ
ϸҵƽʱܲͻȻȥŴǰĽ¾ΪŴһ˵л
˵Ǿ͵֪£͹ȥˣӲϡ
극ȥ̳·
̳ƷƣҪǹ񫣬ҪôҪô᲻
յǲǮʱ䶼ڵװ͹ˣ𡢻ױƷϡ
ڿһҼ۸ʵȹӣȥ¼任ˡ
ڵɳϵȣͷˢֱֻԶһζԻ
ҵķ񻹲
УӶûô˵һǱ˻
ɫ΢䣬̧ͷСʢĸ첲˲վڵ⣬ʢڴڵ·ƺϿЩ·ʽСѾͷǰˡ
տʢˣȴúúã˵ȥļҾȥļңôҡ
žԶʢ˵ˡ
ʢ뿪ķ򣬹ʹģͻȻСʱһ¡
꣬ĸ顣
Ϊġɧĸ׶Ըʧĸףƽ顣
һֱǹĸףҲʼ׷ҵûжʱ
ױϾϰˣʱ䰲űĸ׸һЩżȥԷ·
СѧʱڵգḸ׵Ļķֿ׵顣
һΣ״ȥ̳ȹӣһֱûѡرϲģ׵ľͲ̫ˣһС⸸׵飬ֻһȥԴ߳¼ڴ׻һȴڴŵ绰һߴһƳۣȻٵؿ䣬Ǽؼңﳤȥ
űǩȹӣնͰ
ϲȹӣϲĸס
ڣ׾Ȼǧ˳СŮѡ
ղʷС㣬Ϊò˶ã׾ͻ뷶С֣ѰµĴ̡
ֻǣĳط̫
óֻһľ۲ͺϴİĩǲ
ҡ
մɨһĸĻˮɳϢֻ
ǰˢȦûȤԴӼյĺѣϰߡ
һˢˢյĶ̬
ŴƬֻա
۾ȪˮЦ
ǸЦŮ
ܶȥᳵܼˡ


5
Ϣʱȥĸ׵Ĳ
ǣĸпˣǸȽԼȽĸŮʿ
ҽ°ض
ͷƳϵĹЦŵðƷˣʵô裬ͺܸˡ
ôУȽȽʦ˲˵ʦĽѧ˵ţֵһȽ
Ƚεؿʦ
ʦ̵ȽߣȽȻܳԺͿʼѧˡ
һô죿ȣ
ʦ²£ֵңѧУߣƻˡ
Ϊʦݴ˽жȰ˵ʦҪչ˺Լ塣
ʦЦͲȰΪ£廹רһأΪң֮ǰû򳵵ļƻҡŻҴҡġ
򳵣
Ϊһ۵Ůʶضһ䣺ҽʲô
ʦBơ
һʢ·ϵǼ4sꣿ
ʦ治֪ļҵ꣬塣
忴ǼңҲǼҵ
ЦûûУȽȽĽ㣬Ǽҵ
¶Ȼ飬ƺʧȥȤ߹ȥʦˮ
ʦȴ⣬׷СӣȽȽĽգȥ򳵵ʱ
屳ˣЦϧûע⣬֪Ҿ͸ҪСϵʽˣܶһЩŻݡ
ҲôģŮҽŻݣҽŮҵȫ
ϧϧ֪ʦ򳵵Ĵ㣬ȻҽŮʶˡ
˻죬ȽˣʦĸദĿռ䡣
ʦԵϣһɫƯƻԹԵ
ʦŶӿ˻ֵˣôˣ
̧ͷĿǼ˹㣬ˡ
ʦ˶ӵ˵ҪǳҲ벻ʲôԭöӰˡ
ϵĹʦ뵽գûȽȽ㣬ƯһվǰҵȺ񶼲ôˡˣûȽȽģȻϵȥ򳵣˵Ϳˡ
Ҫڣʦߵȱ𷴲̸֪ûȤƯһкûֵܵ
ͻȻ֪˵ʲôƻ
ʦڲϣ㲻ϲҽոʶʶ䣬˵
ڿĸףôƯ
ʦͷУҴôѧƯվǰ
ƺĸ˵ˣ룬ǻǽܸԿɣģСܿϡ
ʦЦЦ̾˿֣ҪϲŮӲŻů͵㣬ңһϲ
壺ҶֲңǿԼ
ʦһ£ɫҴգ
壺Ҫˣܸԡ
ʦʱϲЦտ֪Сˣôڻһֱģ
У´ҼȽȽ裬˼˼Ը˵
Լǰı֣Լ̬ȣΪԼϣõһ׵Ļᡣ  
æһۣ°ʱһ仰˵ˡ
ߣڰ칫ǰչܽᣬͻȻչǱ˽գĿͻ
ˣٱĵŸ߸Ьǰչ
һװʢһֳչһֲڳڴЦע
ʮĴϰ壬ΪŽϰߣ޳ͦΣֵָߣԵʵܶ࣬ЩʮŮͼҲǮ
޷иɢȴҲΪ׳úþԭ
ȷչﲢûԼĿͻתҪذ칫ҡ
գʢ׷
աе̫ȻΧ۶Ե͵λϰĹϵ
ʢܸܲЩĿ⣿
̧գ㻹ְֵأְֲ𣬽ְֲһٴͣòã
ְ֣
ϸһոλϰȷʵмָŮࡣ
ûйϿɳԣǸæˡ
ʢûסյҪȥһ԰ĵط˵
յָвݽֱſϰʱ䣬ҹ
ʢ۵æ°˸һȥԷ
Цҿġ
ʢ֪ŮָʲôûԼ⣬ֻȡл˵
պŤͷ
ʢЦ㲻ӦңҾ͸ͬ£˭
調ǹڵ͵Ůǿҵңע¼ıҲ٣ֻҪƽʱע罻磬֪
Ů͵ʢ²⣬Ůһûиͬǽܹļ
տ񣬿Ҫ
ʢЦˣɿŮȥæ
°࣬ʢõ÷Ѿͣڵˡ
ޱ˺š
ʢȵؿż͸ھŮϴŮ߸˵ĳСѧʱڣŮԽԽԽԽڻﷸʲôŮԽԽˣʢҲƵŮǰա
뿴ŮεġС֡
˫۾ʱ誡
侲ģ鶼Թ޺ޣʢûʧԹߣȫŮˡ
֪ʢڿһֱͷֱֻ÷ͣ£ղŷʢסؼұ
ְŮԷȻҪؼҳԡʢ³ƹŮšǻģǰ誣ûдŮױסĵڶλҲǰ˱ı
޻˵
ֻĲƭ˱ˣƭԼ
СʱƬǰؼұ濴Ƭʮǰıһģһݾ۶ûô䡣
ǲҲСʱӣ
ղȥˣߵͥԺе̫ɡ£ɳ
˵ʲôݵɳͷԺľۡ
ʢӶ˽˵ߣȻŮ棬ʣϲôȥˣ
䵭޹ء
ʢͷôûϵ㱨ѧʱϣ̹ýӹǼҵĲ㵹ãȥѧʲôϷƣһΪĶҵûȤ⼸궼ûȥ㡣
գģĲûϵ
ʢôûϵҵ겻ҪعܶΪҵĺӹϺӣ
Ц÷̣ĺӿɲֻһ
ᵽһӣʢͷۣҪרҵǣ治׽ܣϲơ
뵽λͬĸĵܵܡ׵ĵڶȥϼʱﻹڶУĬԣ̳ʢĸֵȴûʢķࡣ
ղǣʢ㻹ᣬһļ̳мҵҲü
ʢƨҶˣⱲӾǽ
޶ԡ
Ӷ˶ˣСʱ򰮳Եġ
ЦЦһ֭ᣬʢ鶼άֲ˼꣬ζƱ䣬ڸԿ͵ըᣬԽԽá
˵꣬սᶪʢȥ


6
һ磬յһշϢܰǵȥᳵ
ظõģһ׼ʱꡣ
ջһݡı
ϣصԼĳݣ¹ڴϣ˫ֱأĿһһɨ¹·ȫгĴ䣬ɫʣ¼ͷʺȥ
Сʱȡһɫɫ㣬ȷûһ˿壬Źҵ¼ϣ촩
ܶݣ𴲳ܣؼҺϴ裬ʱ㹽Ѿˡ
򵥲ͷһڵˮһʳСȥ·
ʱ䰲ŵغܺã彫ĸ׵ǷݷŽ¹Եʣµģʰʰߵӣ׼ʱĸ׵Ĳ
ҽԼ緹𣿡Сʿʦ껤ű¹Цʵ
ͷ¹ϣ򿪸ӣһ˵ķһƮ˳
Сʿˣҽ˧ֱֻͷһѡҽҲʹˣЩСʿֻܱ־ԶԶعûһȥҽǰʾʲô
ùСʿ뿪˲
ʦСӴͷŴһ飬οصͷ಻ȻȥᳵʱԿܲǰӡǰ˺øУץᣬȡǳͲòˡ
壺ȡ
ĸ״һСʱ彫¹ͻؼϴǰ4sꡣ
·ȥҲʮӣûд򳵣һһ߹۲·ߵĸֵ̡
˵ʮ֣ǰʮӵִ4sꡣ
˸չάļԱչǿտ忴ѡ䡣
ǿ곿Ⱥ߳ˣԼþŵᳵʱЩ׼Ҫ
߳ݣͼ塣վչϲشһװ˵ߡݵΣĿİʮˬɢȣһʯ̵̨ϴ£īС
һ̣շĸĸŨȤȸ˺֣ܽɳĵֵʣĸĸһҲ㡣
ǲ˼õˣոڿᣬô磬Թ緹𣿡տո𽻳һλͬ½һȻЦųȥ
֮ľԶسЦЦĿ⺬϶롣
ĻǱŮͳһʽȹһ˫ֱСȼ뽡Ϣ˾ùݣϵĺɫ߸Ьڹɼ˵ĵذϣǰɵһɡ
岢ûж࿴˫Ư۾
̫硣߽ˣ΢Ц
⣬˵һ򳵣ᳵ϶˷ܣڴ
Ǳǽָ򣬴峯ȥ
幺EͽγѾͣˣռЩ罻׻Ϳʼ鳵
޾飬PDI鵥ǰ¼һһָȥ顣
Ȼ򳵵Ķôɸյרҵ̬뾡鳵ĹУûٺ˼ʲôȫյĽԼ³вĵطʣռ˵Ļش
鳵һЩϽӡ
ȿȥϢȥˡ
ɳϣһߺȲ裬һ߸ԶյӰƶߡ
֣ղƯҷǳͿƺʲôʱ򿴹ȥϷһʵС
ֲ壬μʱĵ״ļ¶ΪյƯرʣߣɢĴϢǡϢǢͣûҲͰˣһƵȥע
ϧǢĵ򳵵ᳵ廹ûиܵնԴ
һ񣬵ջ˼ͼһļһ
忴΢ѵն⣿
߽ˣ嶢ĻЦŽ͵һϲᰮΪףΪ׼һʻϲ𣿡
ÿλᳵĿͻͻǵĹҲпͻϲףҪҪÿ̬ȡ
ЦվллҺϲ
ձװгԿ׵ļ뻨һ˹ȥ
ϣոĹԱСߣϴʱɵæƣȻͻСߴȥ
һڳǰĸգЦڶгؿ壬ôֵĿͻɲУƬ𣿡
ֵ
֣һСʯͷСʯͷŴˮƯȦ
ԣվƵرʾͬ⡣
հվ³ߣվұߣںƣС߶ǰ棬רҵš
ƬԷ𣿡
սСֻ߽գЦʡ
Ц䣺Ȼԡ
ͰƬ΢ϡ
ɨֻۣŻسڴ
ҪСȥˡ
վڽ棬ĿͽԶȥĳ΢Ц˻֡
忪ۺӾеգ㲻ٷģúõط˺
ŶӵƵ˺ܶ࣬Сʱ΢ţϸյźաƬĳ£ĳЩλŹҲյЦϧվ̫Զվһˡ  
ȥĸͷ˳ĸ׻㱨4sᳵܽ᣺ѾˣûмС㡣
ʦûָСܿԼ׷գƯŮӣͨ˶ûȥӽСȻ涼㣬ȴǸӣһϲͨĶӣ˽⣡
㰲װɣȿЩż磬ô׷ŮѵġʦСṩ
岻ÿɷ
ص룬ĴƵվҳһżĹ棬Ϊۿȡ飬廹µĻԱ档ⲿӾŶʮ༯һ쿴һ´´ࡣ
Ӿݺ˧ŮҲƯƬͷĻƺ˼ŵһľ黺չͦεüëҲԽԽλϵǸ͵ĮֱУܰŮҭܴӶԷȡʲô飿
صⲿ磬ѡ
ſżĿͷԼԱǮˡ
Щż磬ҪôǰԵܲҪôǸְӢҪôУ԰ˣкһʼԸϲģģȫ䣡
ӾϾǵӾ磬鹹ƭ˵ľ飬峹׷˴żȡ˼·ĵĬĬƶԼƻ


7
磬Ȼꡣ
ҽԺʳٴһŲǰԷžڴϣ¡
紵б꾰
°࣬ȥ˿ʦ
ʦԺһסԺ
ô꣬ɡ𣿡ʦ֪ƽʱҽԺ
ЦҽԺƽʱһѱá
ʦͷСʲôǳмƻԣ˼ϸ壬˲̸ûҪĵĵط
ˣȥɣ˵ȻԽԽ󡣡ʦӵ۾׼̰
ĸױ̫ˡ
߳ҽԺһ·סС
°߷ڣ·һռ˳ҽԺ·ȫ³ϣǳɡٴӳ䴩󣬷ȿ졣
ɡɡʮһѣ
һɡСżɡ߹ϳһɡŮ
Ůѡ
ɡСǮ׼ȥĵطɫͻͻȻסûһɡʮһѵģͲãֻʱӦ
ееģ⼸ɡʮһѣɡСϴӿóһְװɡ
ѡһɫɡģǮ첽··סС
տϦᣬѾˣˣ·ϻǺܶ£ʮӣʮ·ڣ˺ơ
ĵش֣źߺߵʱĿƳеиϤӰ
Ŀͻնӡ̣οֵָ˧硣
ղ巸գҲú˧
ԥҪҪкʱͻȻ߿
ˮģߣָоϳˡ
ƻкܾã³߹֣Ҫȥģôû
ѾվĳߣֱӼʻϵŮ°࣬׼ؼңû
罻ǣ
屨˸ĸסС
ȥǱ߾Բ˳·ȥҲʮӵ·̣վͳЦЦ˳·ϳɣһ̡
忴Χƺܽԥ룬յлţ˸ʻϣǰ˦˦ɡˮηɢĻˮ
ųǰ
ϵðȫɡһڵˮһѻڰװɡȡٽùǰѾɡϰװͲټˮˣʪڵ̤档
յһôϸĵˣһ·һЦûϵģԼɡҲŵġ
峯Ǳ߿ȥĿӹȣȻŴһʪ۵ɡ
BƳҲͦµģ壬ôԴԼ³ոձϵүÿʹõʱҲϸĵضԴ
鷳ˡٴεл
Ĳ⣺°Ҳûʲôؼ̫Ҳû˼ˣôɡ
Ӧոõǰиɡǻˣɡ˳һѡ
յͷظɡĻ⣺ڵɡԽԽˣаɡ˶ʮˣúõأǿžˣǸɡɣ꣬ϲǰɡ
ЦɣҰҲһܶСǽʱõģʮ껹᲻û
Ц΢䣬漴Ľصϸ϶ܺðɣ
ͷ
ȻصǶϡ/ͬĻ䣬ǰɡ⹫͸ģ˵ͱˡ
ͻȻ˵绰
ݸһǸֻ
רĿΪոյĻ⣬Կص뵽ͯеĸĸɴգֻƬŸֳӰӣͱպݺݵذȥ
ʻӵ·Σ·ܺߣհյ͵ҵС棬СȻˣռݵĵضȴãۿ϶ˣֲʮĳ۵ġ
鷳ˣ֪ôлл㡣³ǰ忴յ
Ц򵥣Ժ򳵣򳵾
ˬӦ£³ɡվ·ߣĿͷȥ
ȿĳˣûͳȥɡ˼
õʳģϴ֣ϵΧȹһ뼦˿档
ˣ忴⡣
ڻûҰɣ
˵ؼ̫Ҳû˼ټʱҲûд绰֪ͨˣƲ⣬տǶӵ״̬ûѣҲûҳһס
ô
ֿʮӣŻصסľƵʽԢ
ҪȺܾãնˣյȡơˮٶʳƷóһС¹󣬵ȴʱһơƣһĹȼڣ˿ʣϸƷ
ˣս˵ߵԲСϣһߴ⽣һˢֻȦ
ŷֱ𲻾õ巢һ״̬İ򵥵ġ֣͡ͼһ棬֪ǵƹĹϵǳĲ༫ˣ󵯻˿ϸԴ죬ŵĺɰǽԲΣȦƣ۵ĵװһŽɫĻơ
ͿźɰҲƶϳӵ൱տĳա
ԼģļҾ죿
ղ£ӦŮѰɣԼͨȦԣŮΪİͣ¶
صͼƬռˢ̬
һϢԤ׵˳
裺Ԥһܶ꣬ˣǵüѣð
Цˡ
ȻǸħܸһ²ܼһ棬ɴСûжϹĹġ
Сʱ޷裬ֻæ϶ûŮˣղĲףСĽȫ򿪣ȻΪӵ
ظ裺ֲ֪Сӣ䳤㶼׼ˡ
裺пƵģ
ոϽӣƮϣȷ򵥵뾵ͷŲƵ
誻ڰ칫ңƵͨȿŮٹ۲ŮĻ
סԢأʡ
Цǰǵ·ھ͵ˡ
誣㵥һˣסԢ̫ȫ˾нõŮͬ𣬻һ⣬ҵ
Ů򷿣ŮҪԼƴ誶ŮҪǿΪĸףǷŲ¡
죺Ҳסһڡ
誣ǾȥСסլһʡݡ
տǼ룬ͬˣտʼѡԢǿȽϱˣסլСһҵңҪĶϵѹʴǣԼҵĶ´ࡣ
𣿡
ˣͬ¾۲ͣŻأ
ĸŮЩճͨ
յ⽻ţתտٸɵϢһȥоƷˡУҪԼҵĳָƣԾƷҪгֵ˽⣬ܸõΪͻṩ顣
Թոɾʮ㡣
֮࣬ϵһλزн飬нæɫ4sڵķԴҶԷ¾ɡСҵȶ˾Ҫ
æ°˾ȥӣӻûҺãյˣ緹һͨűϸʹ
Լ֢״θ׵֢״е
˵ڶĵݣҺȥҽԺ
Ϊʱ⣬չҺ̫ĺѾʣ޼ˣֻһĺš
ˣȥˣɵǣ쿴ļ׷ԴСڽһҽԺĶ档
彡ʱնСҽԺľûҪڲˣպȻãסҽԺҲãżиͷȵģ෽㡣
Ϊ黨԰СڸߵС̻ҵ޿ޣΨһģ̫ߡ
ʵǲףܲˣԱ׷Դոн鶨˸ոտ׶ң䳯ϣ߳㣬һγ⣬Ҿ߿¡
ǩ˺ͬԼͰԼǵˡ
ʱѾ㣬մҴҳ裬ϱװǰҽԺȴ


8
ҽԺˣͷǣﾹȻˣվŵ˻һȥˣſճλø
Ŷ£ܣҲŵ
۾˻оȥ˺ܾãȻóֻһչȥӡ
״̬ãֻҲȥտαĿĹ۲ܡģǲˣȥÿ˶ݣҪôľصŽкţҪôͷˢֱֻһƬɥ
ҪջߣȻһԶʮķ뿪̨Զճ磬ȴ󷽵壬ºͣŮ˴ųȹɫ𪣬Ȼͣȴʡ
ҪӦλ壬ȹһĸ첲һѰҿΡ
尢̣߰ɡվЦų֣ڰĺ
˹λһյɫ͸ϽȰ£ɫģǼϷǹҩûɶ¡
˵žͰᰴȥ
ջãԱߵĸŮȥˣο˳
´Ҷλˡ
ն齡̸ɵǣǷĺӾǰһλ
ܿϵְҵϣ֪մۣ۾һˣǷĴȥԼأСǷǸʲôĳ
û뵽ԼǱڿͻȻ̷޿ֻģδĻ򳵣򳵣ջǸĻӦ˽ⶭ̷׼ȥЩطԼݣֻǳнͨSUV͹ˣҪȥһЩθӵ·ΣôѡԽҰʡ
յĻø첲ⶥ˶壺ԽҰ
廰࣬ȴһֱʱεBԽҰɲˣƵ180򣿡
ձֵ΢Цڶ̿ʱͷӵĻЩҪԽҰȴҪǼ۸أǿȥѡӣ̺ȻƤؾ죬Է180ôˣֲòڿҿһӵǮӶˣҲˣҲԼˡ
忴ŵĿ⣬ΣҲмֳ硣
֪̾ϹͬˣתҪյ΢ţҪԼȥ4s꿴ڡ
Цż˶̵ĺѡ
һٰʮһʾ޿ܹ֧ĵضһҵ׸ˣؽ鶭̣кܶԽҰBƳ϶˵BƳŵ㣬ؼˣԸ˶иõĽ顣
յĵǣ̷˳ŮȴԸ⣬ˡȻ̷ԶԶûϺͿĵزĴֱѣ޷֤ϵŮһֶ֧ϣһŮ˳ͷֱŮ˵˳ǿɾ鷳ˡ
յĻŮӸϲˣ⺢Ӿʵϣ۰Ͳöͻ㻹Ȱȥĵط򡣡
ЦңϣģԼεʱҲģȻǵƷƿ϶õѡ֮һ˽Խ࣬Խˡ
ϲյԸ񣬳˳˺ܶࡣ
۵ıر֮һմҲѶ̺Цݲϡ
ĵˣ̷ֵ޽ȥˡ
˵ˣòɢ
վĿͶǰҡ
û£ĺҲеˣȥ3ҿ
ոոһ˲ʣһҪȥվ;öˡ
ߵ3ſڣ滹в˵ſڵʮ룬ǰĲ˳ˣƿ˽ȥ
һ̧ͷվȵؿһϤףֻǴʱ壬һ״ӣڵʲôæµ̧ͷĿͣƬ̣һЦʾţ¡
ɣȻƵҽϣĿȻžȡʲôԵ֣ʱǱڹͻҽֱĿͻնҪҵֵǲǱˡ
ôҿƵҽӹľ￨һ߲һ΢ЦŴ
ղ˼ҪӦһۡ
ЦԴÿһһɣʼѯյ֢״ʱʳ
Щվ߹ˣһλҽչԹ˵ʵһϸͬ³̣ؼҺֺһޱơƣʱûʲôоܶϺȻˣȻһֱۡ
ǰй𣿡һ߼¼һʣ̧ͷ
ջ䣬ôصľһΣǰżӣܿͺˡ
ûаɡ˵
̧ͷ۾ûоûУΪʲôҪӸɡң
Щæûô۹ֹ֣ζӡ
뵽Լ۵ǰ٩٩̸ŵ壬񻻳ɲݣȴҪһЩ֢״ԽԽΡ
ʣƽʱʳϰΣһаʱ𣿾ȱơƣ
̬רҵʵʵؽ緹ڷݳԣ緹Ҳԣʱ䲻̶ǿͻٽʳ⡣ơɵϰߣʱϿˣȿڱر񡣡
ζЦ£Ҳ֪ơûЧθ϶ģ㶼ˣᵽơƺ⡣
ɫ΢죬εƿߡ
վɵһĲϣ´ȷʹλЬС΢
տľʵڲָ࣬ʾɺá
˹
ͦΣţǶȿȥˣһ˿Цݲϸ
Īţʲôд
һֻ֣˵ǰӣ֢ĵطۡ
ոˣ𣿡
ۡ
ڹӣ컹ǵһο¶ֱ飬СѧƯ۾ǡ
ЦЦĿҲ᣺ᣬܵĸʹࡣ
սŵļ˲Ϊһˣʱһε̶ֳȵۻ̵ġ
Ҫƿ·¶ûô޳ָλ÷ֱ˰ϸʱ׼աгˡ
Ѿջ֣տˡ
θףҸ㿪ҩʱã粻ʸоȻԣ٣ǿȥϰࡣ忴ŵĻһ߿ҩһ߽ʳҪ嵭Ҫʳ̼ʳ̹ĶҪԣʡʵȺʳΪƩࡢ
һһ¡
彫ҩݸȥȡҩ
ЩԥѪҿЩ˵Ѫȷ¡
Цúܺÿ֣ҿԸ㿪Ѫ顢θ
òãҽȷˣǿ϶ˡմͬ˵θĿֲץֵӾҪ
ȵȡס
ջͷ
ɫ糣칫ֱߵĳ룬óһɫ״Ưĳӡ
ղؿ
Цѿ԰㳢ϲԺϵµڸȣժ֤ʡ
Ȼ߻ȥ˳ӣлóҿ϶򡣡
壺ԣת˵
վЦˡ


9
°ˣ忪ǰʦν̵ĸС
ҽ˵°࣬ʵô׼ʱģʦҲһλص칫ҵʱʦҪæһ
칫ﻹмλʦҪϰģʦΪԲûࡣ
ӣһһ˧ҵгɣžġ
ʦҵ壬һλʦµʦʮĽǼǸˣǲġ
ʦϵĽŶԣǼڶû̸ûӰӸ˵ǣһð
ҵ΢ЦֻܵͷԾѧӦοʦһű׼𰸡
ȫɣ뼸λʦʦ뿪ˡ
Ӷͳȥ𣿡
˳ʦڸʻλЦʶӡ
ˣھСһժʳӹʮʦôСӷֱȥ칫ҷָͬǳԣ˳С޼⣬ͬȤĻС޵ĸĸй԰ÿӳļС޶Ȧߺء
һ߿һЦˣҶóԣѾ޸Ƽȥˡ
޼ҵĳȷʵóԣ廹һ׼°˳ԣû뵽кŵʱ򣬻źϵͳ￴յ֡
ʱ廹᲻ͬģֱսȷϾ
ֻû뵽յɫôױҲڸǲĲ԰㲡
緹¹ӣ緹Թ˾ʳãҪôͬ¾۲ҪôʳҹﾹȻкȱơƵĻϰߣȷǶˣߵиˣԼڳ
ҪߵʱͻȻ嶯ǿų
ʲô
ûУǾãǿųӺܺóԣɫҲƯһЩ
˼ңĸϢȥ
ʦųСæµӰˣ¡
屳ĸױһokơ
ˣЧʺܸߣʦտͼСѾںòˣֻѡǶա
ʦЦʲôʱϲˣ
壺翴ģ۲Բ  
뿪ҽԺصļңѾƣˣˮҩɵϢ
һ˯Ȼ˯Ͼŵ㡣
ӹµµؽл飬ڣҽҩܹãѾܲʹˡ
ôϳʲô
ֻӹԢļơƣΪ֮ǰңհˮٶʳƷĿˣûµĶ
Ȼҽٳڼûʳģջǵһ
ôҲҪСʱ͵Ŷɳϣ¼ĴɨȻ˱ֶϵİ
߹ȥӰȡһԲĴӡ
ĺö
ҽ˵ҪתٳԣѾתˣԽԵҲûйϵɣ
һ˾ȥϴϴӣˣְֱĳӽ֭ˮӴ̼յζ٣վڳˮǰؿйŴӡ
θ˶ʸжʱ⣬ϴϴػصɳϣߵˢֻ
ÿ΢źѷȦԭķûʲôʵģˢˢţָһͣ
ҽߵʱַһʳ̬ϰһһϺʳһ̻˳⣬һܲպյǣҽķϻһ̳ӣ˼ǳеһһ꣬̾Ʒ
ˣͻȻֶĽҽиԸΪ̵  
ϢһڶոоԼѾȫûˣװˬȥϰࡣ
ҽԺĶ̡壬ղûڴĻһԽҰȻϵģ磬̡ˣֻĲֻзߣһԶˣһһŮ
յĿ⣬ǸʱֵŮϡ
ʢСŮѷС㷶ܰҲգղһǰͨĸֻϵ΢źͷϳգǸʢΪ4sŮۡ
ܰʢûжĸ飬ʢһ𣬳ϲʢǮҲ׷һɹʿĴ̼Сʢû룬ʸڣԣʢ£ܰкܲ졣
ΪԺ󲻻н뵽վȻĲ磬ĸĸôĳ
ˣҲԸ⣬ֻ޷ıĸ׵ľθıƻһٶԵ³ֱͣػսȰ踸ĸٲãҲҪʮı˹ԽҰ
Ŀԣܰݺݵһۡ
ٴθпСԼ޹ϵǱڿͻȻҲַͨʽ߹հ˹յز
ôûǰϵңҺóȥӭǡ
Էܰտ첽ߵ̷ǰк
̺ϲգɫöˣһװƯָԽǸȷľ
ҵĶӷģŮܰܰǸһæıı
΢Цųôк
Цÿ룬ܰǵ¶ȻǱŶʹɫ
ʶ̣ȷҪԽҰˣʽҲ
ڴع۲չͿԽҰǹȥɡ
ѾˣBƵԽҰο˧û˵ϲҲϲԺȥԼΣҲÿ
Ц·Ѿ򳵵ľķǳǿңǷöҪԣ̬ȡ
谭̫࣬ⵥܲܳɣûаգʱҲǽǮȻ̶ˣҲȷʵв򱾵ԽҰվͲῼأʹԼյۼɣʹͻµ
ղԭʢĴǨŭܰϣȴҲΪ˼ɷܰʢĹϵװ׷ŹһԼŵĿͻͬʱ˶̵ڴ
˵¥չչλãڷһSγһBƵGԽҰ
кһ۾ͱԽҰˣĿתΧչתһȦɵķ塢ɵķġܰãҲܲ⳵ֻǣǣ˺ܿ侲
ϸܱʱġܰʼ̣ǿͼ۳ҲһĹܣ֮ǵͼ۳ʵ
̸ҵ඼㲻ϵôյĶ֣
΢ЦηĹ۵㣬ٳĳȱ㣬ǿ공ơ̬רҵºͣͺֻƽ񷶼ãԽ˵ɫԽҲԽӲƣҪָһ۷ֳˡ
زղǿʲôŶѾ̬ȡ
Ǹˣһӣû뵽ձƵεľء
̷ǳˡ
ǷڼۣΪʲôͬˣ˵ָޣ
СİٿǿǣȥкĿˣҿǺϵ㰡
̲ΪԼľմܺǵԹʱ
ԤϵֽѾһ۵ְ۶̽ôѡܽܡ
õģǰϸǿǣҪʱϵҾͺá


10
Ҳɣ̷뷶úܿ뿪ˡ
һ˽ͱչչȥ۶ڹעչϵõģϣܿһղ˳۵ģȻտ󵥡
ǣһ뿪Ͼǰ˵ˡ
ϸµǾ״ƹĵʣҿλԸͦǿģôûɣ
ﳤһС˧˧ǿеͣʱǹЦյֻ
յһЦϾǺǻҪٿǿǡ
ǵǣץ㣬С㡣
һƵ᣺аɣⵥˣµҵǽɣҲûʲôӰ졣
ϾҪµˣĿǰյıҵңңȣѶⵥҲǾ
һЦȥӴ¿ͻˡ
ǱյЦѣ˼룬漴ҧгݣ¶۹ھһʽãǵƥ˵£ǰµĽҲģ
ڵľӿշУҪֽһеľԼĶ
֮ó⣬ûϵ̣棬ҲҪǿͻԵŮѹ
Ȼڶ磬̡ٴγ˵ڴĿͻֻȰŷϢϢ
̨СĲˮе̣ɳϣͬͻӰ̺ȻЦЦߵķܰܰСһܸɣҶ֪ˡ
Цһû˵ʲô
ÿӳҳ޲Ϊ̺ýһӵ·Ӿ᳤ʲôԸĸ־ΪתơԼҵӣӷĻƴѧҵнŮܰѧϰǿ˸ѧҵˣҲûҹһȺСóԺ֣ǲϵŮŮҪǮ벻ϵ衣
һλͻϹд̡塣
СİˣԽҰǩͬġ
ղû¶ʲôϲɫЩǣСǱߡ
Цһƺ类ĳѹ̫ãҵйڣһɵس²Ǯ׬ܵģƾʲôңСİǼӣСǸĸΣǶˣҵ֮ڷ۸ߣ򷿲ףҲһһ׷֪ǹæ罻æƽʱû¾Ҳ鷳ǣأǲͼǶТ˳ǵãǻԼǮˣѵ˵ֻ˻Ǯֵܾܲ˷Ǯ
˵ǱֵĶȥͶʷ϶ֵ
Ů˵ʮˣ׷ʲôʮĳ㹻ˡ
ĺ
ֵֵ֪๤һӣ˿Ժúһˣ»ӾΪиҸǷʮ꣬ʲôֵˣҲߣֻŮ
øӵģ̶ˣԼǷˣõӣԼŬȥԶŰĸĲƲ
һ򿪣ϲ뷶嶼ûвĻᡣ
ΣѾʮϰˡ
õۣÿͻԼѣѣߣЩܶ²۵ģȫʱ˵һ˵㷢еᣬֲõСܴﴫ˶С
ͻ²ϰ塢šϹšӣȵȵȵȣֻǸССۣȴ·ѾͨЩͻ̬
ͻߵʱʵھˣܸſͻ²ǵѣȴἰԼĳЩա˵ô֣˵˹ø⣬ԼĴͱȽ׽ˡ
ʵͦĽСģǵĸĸҰְˣСҾ͸ԼһҪúŬԼԼȻ΢ЦЦȴһ˿ź
̶ʱ²ԼҺӵ˳ʼοա
£⽥ص˳ϡ
̬ȼܺǵ뷨Ҫ򳵡
ƺҲǵ˽ģȫվߡ
ȷˣҪ̸ʽ
ȫûиծȥԼ

ЦŶԶ̵ʵҸ鰢̴˲ֽ𣬽õ¥̣ܡͶֵûܻ뷶СĹϵϾһˣֵ̫ˣҲá
ҲôȰ̡
̾ͬ˴֧
Цȥ
ĶԶ̵Ǵ򳵣СҲɣô顣
̺һ㻹ȰҴǿ϶ҲкôȻͬ⣿ݻϲСģ˸ҵ
뵽ҽԺպĸľٶЦЦûٷš  
Ϧ۲Ľ֣գҪһھǱڿͻҪʱʱ̱̿ŸɾΪǰ¶kpiиˡ
һմɣĽʵ۾Ҫˡ
տ϶Ҳںɣܵǩĳɾ͸УֻںǮĸԸʢǮ
Ϧð칫ǰС
ȻѾˣûܣջǲҺʳ׼ɹһʳģԼһӡ
ʳ֣ûжľ飬ѺõͲʳģձؼˡ
ӳֱʮ¥˼ңֱ
׼һ۲˳Ϻ֣嵭Ӫʺθڼʳá
ֻڲҳ棬ϸղ׵Ĳߣڴ۲ˣ¥³ͻȻܿ죬磬һ˵Ĳ˳ߴ򿪵ĴƮ˽ֱʿˮ
ղӿ˶
ʮӺ׷ˣյĵһ۲˳ϺҲˣ۲˳е㽹ϺҲ΢΢ڣζӼһϺʣ˺ü£ŽδϸϸƷͻȻܵͰ޵˳ȥ
̫ˣ
ձһ˿ϣȥ۲ˣ۲˸̣
ΪһθĲˣû̲սԼ壬ӱóһƹϴƤȻһ߳΢΢Ӳ׷һҧƹ·
ʳʣˢֻתע
Ȧһҽİ㣬üһһ㣬һཷ⣬һҽ˱ȣյ硣
ʱջҽúҸôңҽôվһ㲻ƽˡ
һ߿ҽĲ·һ߸̣ûôϲˣҽŵ濴Ȼϲһס
յҽȦǰûʳնǰڵĶ̬
Īǣҽո̸ֻǣŸŮͬˣ
ԥ룬ջûҽȦ
Ȼźܴ̼ˣɱϾǿͻҽԺнӴ
ڶ죬ջϹװȥϰࡣ
˵ݣݵ½󣬵ͣʮ¥
ѾˣʶŲŲŲط
Ŵ򿪣߽ͷֻգע⵽һ˫ȡ
ճ棬˫ȵ˸תȥ泯ˣɶԷȻһǡǡǳյķ
̧ͷ
ڳԾȻ


11
ȷԼûпǰһװŮգѸԼ𾪡
ЦЦɡ
˵꣬վߣǡôľ룬㹻ӽȫİˣֲմȥԸС
Ȼûлعʶʣסϴȥ
Ǹ죬ĳһаСʱ̵С
΢ЦͣϴҪظĸķӣʵְһֱⷿס
նˣҽԺϰ࣬ȷʵûб黨԰ʵĵطˣ߼Ӿ͵
أǰû㣬հ巴ʡ
յͷհġ
ҲˣǰĸףһֱסǱߣֲûлż
ݵһ¥˲˳
ס1501ס㣿Լס
뵽ڳŵ¥µĳ㣬Цˣס1601ڳŵǱƮζ
΢΢üǣ
ձ߱ģ㲻ǸŮһס𣿡
ˣϳ壺ûŮѣӳһֱⷿҲԼסôڸͬӣ
ղͣ½Ųеͣ㣬Լסģ㷢Щʳա
ĺˣʳƬȦ̬չԼŵ㣬ȴŮѵ᣿ɵذᵽߣż˽ĶԻٹһӣǲǸԲкˣ
ظϲ³С㣬㲻ΪЩɫζȫͻǳŮ֣֮Աӵɡ
Աӣ
Դ䡱һ£ⶼʲôʲôôͻȻͱ˹ˡԱӡĴñӣ
ǵһĿͻϰߵعЦݣͼԼֱһ£˼ûô࣬쿴㷢˵ķҾΪŮģ㷢ƬΪ
壺һԷҵĸס
գ
ðɣˣһˣȻԼյϰߣͨŮӾ۲ʲôĻƬ
ͷͻȻסʶеԱˣһ߾Ůʳպܿɰһ߾ʳյ˺ġ
ǸҺݽԱ˼άռʱԼĴ
Ҳ֪ʶĳƺֱһ۶ԿͻòƺֹϵѾı˵ġ
ڳĬѾʼһ۵ƷʣʵĽĳտͺܺãңĶѳˣԼҳԣʳ³ηŶˣ˷һòϡ
˳ĻʣԵʲô
տЦƹ׷
򴽡
˵䣬ѾСſڡ
ҪȥСΧȦҼӣʧܣѾ˷ʱȥˡ
վеߵȺƵʱͷһҰ̡  
˵ӣյ4sꡣ
׼һĹᣬǸǰһѰæµգû뵽ûʽ⣬ȻһҲġ
ܰưŸ߸ЬҪգ۰칫ͬͶָӵĿ⡣
ٶ˷ܰǰ
С㣬ǹϣע罻ǡ߲ƣҲˡ
ܰ´һۣһЦǰɣҿ׬ǮˣȻһԶʮֳҸ㣬µпܻûʼˣѽȡˣȻϵ߽ҷҺڵ꣬Ǹϴ
Ц£гͶڣֻҪʮĳˣ깺ֻҪ˳ЧڼļգӵкϹʻ˽ҳȨ̡ܹߵȽѵʮƿͣΪʲôܿԽҰ
ܰûͷյĵһȦչֻвҲôֻֻ֪࣬ҪţǵҲûöˣʶ࣬ϽҰȡȥ
ոҪ˵ܰشбյ׬ǰɣһöɣߣ㳤ҲƼϰ嶼׬һʣα͵ˣ
ô£
յĶͷ˾ܳӢ뿪칫ң˹
ռ򵥵ؽǰ
ӢЦЦԷܰСϵߣڵļóھȵˣ갴ټҲڲʲôС㼫ӸĸǮܣŸĸ֣Ҷǻ¼ʲôѣŮǧӣ˿乺
ܰƯǵͨ졣
˵ҼߣֻŻŻգӢ˵ˣܰҪԼء
Ӣûʱõɫذ칫ˡ
ЦŶԷܰһйҪСûб£Ҿʧˡ
վס
ܰסգЦ˵ôĻشңһ͵ĻҪһǮһĳܸˣ
泯չվţƳѾĳˣЦʣһش֮ǰʷС㣬һָĸΣ
ܰߵʮˡ
գʮ˿̸ΪʲôǷСΪ˹ʮͲ⾫ʷˣôǵãϴ㷶СλʿҲʮˣ㿴̶ûз̸ΪʲôҪԶ
ܰյһð𣺡ʲôʮѲʮţŶȻǼǮȲңͺĳ
ﵽЦͬʱҲ涭̷ޱôһŮ
Ͷ׼ˡ
ܰͻȻ˴Ӻ߬סܰ۾ͷ
ôˣʢʡ
ܰǳԾʢȻ漴ú˦ʢָ֣յıӰʣ𣿻˵͸
Ůġʢ
ܰƯӣСųһż
֪ʢмڵļҲŮȻһۣ
Ū˭أġ
˵һ룬ܰٴΰų˼ģʢλǮĵһţģ
Ҳ֮䷢ʲôìܣ֮Ժաʢָָſڣ򷢷ܰߣԼȥˡ
ܰվԭأʢıӰֻ÷ҡ
ʢ誵ŮȻ׬ɣ
֪ͬǶڰԹϣչ档
ʢŮʲô£ոŮˡ
տ·ϵĳ޹أңͿСŮѣҲ챻˿Ц
ᵽСŮʢЭúúãϴҵСǰŮߣǸ˵һҪһ£Ҳڽʱ䣬пյʱȥɣôҲ׽ܣ̫ˡ
ûܾҲûӦʢƺܰΪǰŮζʲô
չ
ʢ̾˷ܰû˼ζݵ顣  
յ鲻̫ãϦᣬӢȥ˰칫ң˽˹
ȻӢֻѣû˼ջƵˣǣͬ´Ŷ֪ĸ׽һСŮѣһļƷŮˡ˵ʲôۣ˵ĸҲǸƷˡ
΢ŶһϢ
մֻ
巢ģ°ˣԷ
ͼһʳġ
ղ⣺ΪʲôҪң
壺һΪҽҲҵĲ˳Իƹ䷹ڶ֮ǰðһؼңһǷһ顣ΪϤھӣٷףǨ¾ӡģҼԷȫҿ԰Ƿ͵¥ϣǷֱ͡
գ
ɣƺѾ㹻֣ڵ嶼˵ˣҪֱֲͣŸ壬Ʒɡ
ȻնΪ˲ûж˽⣬ֱϣΪ岻ˡ
뵽֮ǰʳƬտɳܵðˮˡ
ڰ칫ϣһһֵظðɣллҽҳԾͺˣ鷳
һݡı
֮ǰ򳵣շǸ


12
˰ࡣ
ΪסýûпȥĹ˾ڻҲֻʮӡ
СǰմԱһˮһˮܲܿȥҽǱ߳Է
ȵʮ¥
ʮ¥ͬĸ֣Ⱦͷ1501Լļȼ棬ղòٴθпԵ¡
ڣ洫΢вհ塣
ɣڳ
塣
ƿţڵصѾںһ˫ոµŮЬɫʽŮԵ
չţַعЬʱӳˣϵһɫΧȹҽԺҽѸغϡ˫ִŰɫĳףҲҽ
Цˣҽ㴩ΧȹҲҽ
壺ٷθĹЧȷʵҽְЬҸոڳģź𣿡
յͷЬе󣬲ֻʱһΣûϵ
ͦõģллҽҺܾûԶټҳˡ
ˣ⣬ȥˣʮӺ󿪷
кֽ˳
ϸ׷ӡ
Ҿ߶Ǽ磬Ƚµ״̬ӹԱ߰һⰻȻҸֱ۴ֵ֦ɳһף֦Ҷʴ䣬ƯյסڽС¥̫̫ƽʱϲʰ޻ݣնԳֲܽг֡
˵ӹԱߣطҲ洦ɼɫССֲ׺Ϣ̨ϸֲݵ԰ջļﺣġ軨ǺŻѾʢƯԵֵ
̨鲻ԽЩ˼Ƭ
̨ľɫתλãڵΡһװ˶ڳˣԱߵúҲŻ𣬲֪ʲô
Ѿ֪ȦǼʳǳ֮ˣֱۿղһʵУԭϲˣΪ˳ʦ˶Ҹϵáµ˳Ůѻš
ղ뿴ӣˢֻƺҲ̫ʣͼֲ
ŴˣЦк׼Էɡ
߹æѾ˶ˣһ߲˿㣬һɫź⣬һ̰̿ǼϹϷ⣬һĿùĳӡ
ʳŹܲ࣬˵ܲθ
գרѧʦһ࣬ĵؿ޵
Ŵӳ࣬ЦղѧģиϰߣҸȤ£á
˵ţն档
ɫĲм䣬Ҳ̵м䣬һµĻƿżµĻ
ٴδһȦ壺Щֲݶֵģ
ͷ
ûס¶˾̾ı顣
ʾԲˣЦСʱ򣬼ĳ˵Ͷ̥ˣӦǸŮӣҾǵĻԱӣŮ˿ԳΪҵǿˣҲ˵ǲǣ
ͷԶԶԣҽ˵̫ˣŮˣҾͲϲû
ˡĻƹ䷹֪ôԵȥ
ڻȱơ𣿡ùһóԵĲλʡ
ҡͷҺˣڶȿȡ
ȺȶҲã񲻼õʱҪǿҹº͵ؽ顣
պֻصҽԺĿңЦãҽҽ
˵ʱյȫ˼ǰļˣо仰˵˵ӦģĺܾûгԼķˣ˾˾ϰĵطԶƽʱûȥżԶϲһЩʱ˵̣ķ
ĲˣĿҲζҪź࣬ƽʱôϲϹҲر
԰ɣÿȻһҲԲꡣвˡ
ϾǶˣĺ˼ſԣȻ嶼еˣվװʢȴӣ￪ĵس
ӸߣҲͣټյθڴ󿪣˰˶Թˡ
ֳӣģޱ㡣
ϴĳӣζΣȻʡ
ٷĹϵ˲٣ʵͦóԵģ̫æ˸ڻ𣿡
ͷ٣ȥµסýֱӼĵߣؼҵʱ˳һ˾ˡ
վҲҪʮǮ
屨˼ۣȳĵۻǱ˶ģֺóԡ
ո˺
ˣֻʰ;߷Žϴ
ûʲôҪհæĵطˣտֻߵˡ
пͻ΢ϻظ
æ𣿡߳Цʡ
һһߵãһЩС⣬ֻǿͻˣǵüʱظȻӰͻ顣
ԱߣĬĬؿ
æµһ죬һ鷢һװһ˿ɢƤܰףոձһ٣ճֳɫĺ󣬳ĽëʹָֻĻô
ע⵽ĻѸƿߡ
̧ͷӦ㿴˵ڰײ
ҹĻѽ٣СŮģնЩ΢
ջλֻεصһЩɢĹҪβҾȥˣ
ͷվ
ˮعϣ𣬻ѾſڵգҸƽʱע㣬ӦöˮάأЩȥ԰ɡ
ղӣģ򡣡
ֻýˮ˻ȥ
ճЦЦллھӵĿˣ
壺ţסôԺʲô鷳ʱϵ
ջЦӻ֣תˡ
վǰս˵ݣٹš
¥ϵ1601
һؼңɵɳϣƤԵ̫ˣζӪ
ĸͻȻһƵ롣
ձŵƣͨ
誾ͿһɫŮһֻոճè㡣
״̬ܲЦ
С⣺Ȼǩһµ۹ھҡ
޷ԼĽóֽ׶εŮϲݹ
ŴðɣʮǰҲǴһССۿʼġ
°ķӣҿ
մɳһԾ𣬵ͷһȦĸ׿˿СĽһҽԺǾ˾˹ǼҽԺ
誶Ůס޻⣬ʼŮʳ⣺ҿߵĳͦģƽʱԼԣܳ
ŮǿΣ±ĸûʲô
սƻش򿪱䣬ĸѾʼѧˡ
磬ɹغĸס
ֻǹ˵绰տļʳģ룬Ƭ壺ģʣ㿴õǲ׼ˣ˷ѣ㣬ﾡá
صĺܿ죺ԣԵȣá
ȥ߲˵һ䶳һ
ңˡ
Ŷȥţȼȴһ̴εܣɫƯģֻӣ϶̲סҪҧһڡ
񣬼Ӱ˿һۣȱơ񡣡Ц˵
е㵣ģֲˡ
壺㲻⣬һᶨ㽽ˮ
գðɣлл
˽Ķ뿪ˡ
սܷŵ鷿״ɻðһ͵Ҷӣȷʵ˾һ


13
ļ죬նûôڵ壬һæɹۣһӦҲæҽ°ʱӦҲԲϣΨһϵ¥ʮӣ˳ܽˮ4sһһȵĩ׼ʱֻܾ飬ܽ᱾¸ŵĹٶԸŵԱν
Ϊ۲ı۹ھ̨£һ񽱸ԡ
ص۲λãտ翪ĵЦҲǾǿջЦ
Σͬ£ᣬ۲Ⱥﰬȫ壬ȥưhigh
ҪȥͬǷ׷Ӧһʮһˣл֮һŴͣŴڣҲˡ
տŮͬ£Ŵֱ͡ʣµͬ¡
СսǷ£Ҳýͣ
СţǾǣ㶼˼µĹھ
ЦУͷҰҿ鶼ǣڵʱҲԹңһ棬Ṥ
總ͣǾǣһĳᳵҶҪˡ
Сᳵ£²£
磺е룬սʲôʱͺգͺҿ϶¡
һһЦ
ưɵˣ۲ʮһͣóһ𣬺ƺƵ˽ȥ
ưɾǷݵģճ˲ôɧŹŴͣ˶ʾҲûŮͬССŶˣֻзһưɣվҪŷһ棬ȥ衣
Ŵڰ̨ǰ΢΢۾߾û뿪յ塣
ֻվҵûб˼Ŵװû˵ʵŴͲܣôһŻ빴ŮӵˣҲ
ôŴ͵ġ
￴գʵʵ˵ͦǿġ
ŴζЦ£˵ġ
֪ǲǾƾã΢΢ȣյģѲ˵Ļ롣
̧ͷȻŴͳɫ
ϧ˼Ǹˡ
תעʱ򣬺ȻŴô˵
ˣ
Ŵʲô˼ŴֻЦЦȾˡ
ʢûʱŴûҪյıʢȥŴ;£Ȼ֪յݡʢ誣ŴͲǵԴˣҲֻԴ룬Ķʲô
ưĳ䣬塢īֵһ
ʦȹۣһֱֵͣݼٻ˽ǣҪס죬ֵϢϢĻᡣһ˳ԹīѪе׵ܣưɸһ˼̻
嵹ơ
ҲȡֱӾܾ
īƵĿѵͬѧۻᡢͬ¾ۻᣬ㶼ȣ
壺Ӧʱһȣ㣬ûǿԼȵıҪ
ī֪ܵܵƢɴҲȰˣһƣɳĵɨŮ
£ĿҲͶ
Ȼա
װ㣬ײ֪ӵˣֻʣһɫ½ǱᣬԼ¶һذµСƽʱβ纵ĳɢ˦
ԱߵŮͬ£ȫһģһʼվն棬ܿͱһ˼ˡ
üԷ裬תڣĻͷ
īȻע⵽˵ܵܵĳŮ̫ͣãĿ˿ٿܵһЦʶ
岻ϣīҲû׷ʣǳˣԵܵܵĸûȤҲеʲôܵ׷˵Ρ
廹ڿգǸ裬ǸȾƣȴվֱܾŮͬ»˰̨ǰ΢΢˿ֳһ˿˼ȥԼĴ硣
Ȼǿյģī֪ʱˡ
ڴʱֻ𶯣īϢҽˣץᣬͲСˣġ
壺
һرղصĳƬ硣
Ƭĳ˶ʦšס˶䣬˫ֻ衣
Ƭͳɹʯ󺣡
Цˣֻ͸Ӱ϶ѰյӰ  
컹Ҫûʸ̫ģŵ࣬Ҿ߳˾ưɡ
Ŵ͡׷ϵݣóֻҲҪϵͻȻһЩϤãҪ𣿡
ã˵ߵļŮͬˣŴ͵ͬҲ˹
ֻգãȻ̶ȵ۾ٴοڣĴݣûϵݣɷһλ᣿
硢ССѾðˡ
е壬һ׳ɾº͵ʣľưɸ룬񣬾һưɴ򹤵ĺŴѧ
Цŵش
ս㣬ǰɣ绨յرסյ
ֵȥ磬ڵͣʱ̣˿ܲǵˣôգôҲʶˣ
ģ룬¡
պôƺϲϷϵװʶԿ׽塣
忪˸ݣں档
Ůĳ̶Ȳһպȵ࣬ѵģǱơƺ̫࣬ˡ
ϵðȫٷֱ˵סַ
һȦҪһСʱ
б𣿡յ塣
ЦûУݾҵĹ
ղŷ֣˾ȻͦĬ
ͬǻӻ֣忪ˡ
ƵķȻǸգͬССŶһ⣬̶ֵģֲ˵
ţ紵ɢĳ裬ӿڴȡͷβԱ廹ڻشŮ⣺û̸ûŮѡ
ô˧϶һŮ׷ɣ
УҶ̸ûȤ
Ϊʲôѽ
ʧ
ǫˣô˧˭˦㣿
ЦЦƳԡ
տαϣǴЦ·ýζ
СסԶСţǷ磬Ϊո˳Ҫһֱ͵סĵط
Ҳ˳磬ֻں棬顣
ڣս罻Ůѣˣһ¥
ʱѾʮˣСϡ٣ҹɫ·ƵǵƹֻԵΧİ
̫鷳ˣˣôھưǱߣ
û˴ţ徲˵ˡ
ЦȥưɣȻǺȾơ
𾪵ؿȥƼݣ
ϣѺȾƣûȡ
˿Ƴ壬;ȷˣȥưȴֻƲȾơ
ھưɿˣƲʡ
壺ţˡ
΢΢ȣΪۻǲھӣ忴ô񣬺񶼻Ӱ
Ѹתƻ⣺ǵ꿪ĩܽᣬлҽĹˣõ˱µ۹ھ
죺ô
Щ⣺ôֻ˵ãҵгɣ
Цҵ˼ǣȻ۹ھҵһǲǸҳԶҹ
漴ʹشӦˣаʲô
ǣҲġ


14
ҹ껹Ǻܶģ帺𿪳ڴ߹۲죬һƬҵģտһտָ꣬彫ȥ
еˣմײ˳
һɫװھưͷŵԸҰʱգֳϤǸ4sԱֻΪ˾ƣ˫죬ˮɫҲԣ񣬾һŹԹԽԼϴɾңˮ̹ңű˳ԸĨ
ߴĲƿԼȻðͷ
ûҪҹҲΪɶ궯ҹദƬ̣
岻òϣǸǳˣᱻɫա
ҿԱ߻һ̲꣬Ҫ̲𣿡
տ£궫պȻʵ
壺ҳҹ̲裬ʲô
վûҴкһȥˡ
̲ˣһˣձһģƳھҽѡһ
̲ˣ帶˻տꡣ
ƽʱҲտ𣿡棬ЦʣоôעҽܲЩʳƷ
λ̲裺̲տһ鳤ʳãżԼٺҸУϾһὡҪϸĳʳ
գ˵̡
Цſ𣿡
ҡҡͷûᣬеأкܴİԣôԷ˵һҲִ
տˣ˱ı߳ԣҶǷ͵Ĺ²һЩëĿͻ²һЩԹͨĲˣȻͦйͬԡ
˵ö࣬Եûؿζսһ̲ˣǾÿʡ
зԱҪϡ
ŵƿ¿Ȫˮ
ҧʪ˫۲ؿ
յˣһ޳ơơ
վЦˣһ
ϲơƣǰΪθܾûˣھưɺȵҲơƣھտûһͰһơƺȵһζˡ
ջͷϵĵط
ûٸݵĻ᣺𣿲Խˡ
ո˵嶯ֵס죬˸á
ϵտԵòˣսʣµģҪȥƿˮ
û룬ŷŰʽˡ
˵ġ
һҹѣҪǹⲻȥԺһֲſڴܾת顣
յĺȥˣգû취
ͣϰߵʻ
ס
ãȻػͷ紵ߵ鷢˫۾ʪһһɳ嶯뽫ͷ
嶯嶯弰ʱɿָָʻλá
շӦһЦȥһࡣ
Ⱦơ衢ͣһơƣһյ뾫ڽŰչûãͿα˯ˡ
µҲ೵
ĺľڷյĳڿռɢȺƵʱƫͷͿͷëģģ˫΢΢ſ
ջߣüë
Ϊˣֵ˷ɽ䱸ǻְҵݣҲô˯ȥ
ĳҸĸˣ彫յĳͣ޵ĳλ
⿪ȫϣóֻ
˯ú㣬ͻȻֻѡ
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Ȼʻ
ֻЦЦָָ档
ǵ³⣬ճѣЦõع˵绰
򿪳ţձ壬˸ĹǷᶼˡ
˳߹Կס
սˣݡ
ңͻȻʡ
տȥʲô˼
壺ڳ˯ˣʵеΣա
˼ˣסٴһǷĳ嶯룬ЦŵҺȷʵ㲻Υ¡
ˣΪʲô
ն˼ӣΪ㳤ˡ
壺
ʲôɣеɱ˷ʵأôΪһ˵жϣ
յȻȫˣһоֹ˵һЩ⣬֮ĸоֵΣЩ̫鷳ˣվûм̸
˵ݣհ16¥뵽壬ְ15¥
ݵʮ¥û
գ㡭
ɫ̫ˣ¥
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ţҲ˵ݡ
һϢյֻϣл˶һŻ˵Ժ˶ʱעⰲȫ
׼ϴǰϢ
ʶر༭֣
ǻûзȥȻôظеվ͸ɾˣ򵥻һллס  
յľ˾Ҫȥ⽻ٸȥǰմ绰ϣĩȥȽסһһٰȽͻѧУ
ȽƽʱסУֻÿĩԻؼҷһ¡
յȻӦˣĩ̫æȥѧУӱá
գոô绰ԼóԴ͡
ȽԴ˱ʾҵڴ
ÿһ춼ڱ״̬ղó̫̼Ķϴȥһۺܸߵıز˲
ҼǵãһѧУ䣬ʵ
ͬĸĵܵܣȽͬ꣬ջ׶Σʢʱͼĸ顣ʱж͵գų⣬СͳĬԣòȴ顣
ﳤ÷ǳƯֶ£մû
նк󣬻ûôʢˣҲûͼȥ˽⣬Ǻ˸еıﾹȻͬУղſʼ;Ϣ
ȽеǸУ԰żǰڵĸѧԣǮ֡ĸ׵Ϊ˼ϧǿʡ
ᵽȽ˻ϻӣϲƩֵʲôƩ綼ЩŮϲ
ȻȽô˵Ҳ֪ղϾʢ飬ĸ׺޹ϵʢзĲӬһŮˣʢ裬׷飬ȡ
㣬ôͻȻˣ˵ˣȽɻʡ
չ⿪Цɼô֮ǰ飬㲹Ρ
Ƚ죺˭ɼˣֻҪ߿ȶû⣡
գţ̬ãõΪǰǰͺˡ
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ڶ峿룬վŸˡ
ʱ·ִͨѧУʱͷ
սͣ·ߣҪ⿪ȫȽͻȻָ֣Уſڵ쿴쿴ʦİܶӣ
̧ͷȻһɫװһߣʦϣ˵סˣɫװ˸ߴͦΣ޿ޣ̫䡣
Ƚ˫ģǲǱȵӾǻ˧
ճǣȥúøϰȡһ


15
ȽУˡ
ղû뿪
ڳעѧУš
ûҵְܻ˯ѧʦѾ½ִУ԰ˡ
Уǽǵص֮һﻹȽܿڳѧУѧˣֻ˽˸к󣬳ɼзֲ㣬һֱûеǰȽȽƮõʱܽȫУǰʮʱ٣ҺȽ̬ãȻпܽǵͺ

룬ѧԻ϶ĸʢ⻹У㷽澭żһֵ̫֤ݣնʱҲѧԣ
֮ܶϣֻǼ̳ʢĸֵʢķһ㶼ûŴȥ
ȽṩϢ߶
ֻ˵ӣĿǰִѧѲ
һɫӰ߳У԰Ƚյʦİܶӣն࿴ۣòϣ˴ֵȷʵܰܣӾеְܣڹһЩǮ߹ܣгġ
˳ƷƵĺ۸ҡ
һոտߣһ˹У԰ʱǰ³٣ɲɵģԷͣյǰ档տ⳵ĳƨɣһҾƷλٶ򣬳͵͵͸¶һ˿ݻ
Ŵ򿪣߳һɫУ
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סԷҲסˡ
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ƺҲ̫ϰ߸ԼĽ㡣
ʱǸСӣߣƱǿֻаְ֣ô
˺ܾõһμ棬ͷ׷˽㣬㿴Ҳˣһ͵İο
ټȻװְҵŮǿˣȴô࣬á
ôʡ
տУ԰ȽȽѧ
ջȥѸٻرܡ
ЦЦ᲻Դף
΢ôһ˲ĲȻƽ˾
յͷţҲҵĺá
ֻڵ٩￴ĳȻײǰڷϵ²ۣ˵Ȼȥ4s˵ǽϽİȥؼҵ
Ȼ긻ǿĸףʵѾˡ
ʢ²ֻۣһ䣺4sû𡣡
ˣһҳĲҵ϶һ4sƴְɣֱӾǸ߲㡣
ҲףԹףԹƻ˵ǸҸСңԭ¸ףӶ֪ײĸףĸ׼޸ҲֻΪǮһڣûйʲôϼһ
Ҹýȥˡ
ˣȴϤ֪˵ʲôѡⳡļ档
Ӹ΢ŰɡЦ˵꿼úãҸ㷢
һʱ֪ҪҪӣˣĴ
Ѿڴֻ˳
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뷢̧ͷͼǰ·ϣ߱߿ֻ
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ԶĸѧԿҳ棬ֻŻؿڴѧУ
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˸šµ߿ӰͦΣԴ˹⻷·
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п٣ȽһıܿͽС׵Ժ
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յľҲǳ⣬룬ŮΪʦĴΣԽξԽʦ̵ѧģڶĴ̼ʹŮõʵķ
ݼٻعĵһĩǰ΢ϵʦϣȥ̽
ʦһֱڵأɱļҳΪ˽¿϶Ҫ־룬ϵյΨһ;ʦȻԼʱ䡣
ȽԼŮпԾӹԼ
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ǰŮǲϵֵֵʦȥѧУŮˣԷվӣֱ˵ķ˿
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ī̫ˣʦ۵ģÿοīȽλܿڰؼǺͲһˣȽһμҽԺʦĲʱʦ۵ͺģĽš
Ȼ͹ͣȽֵû˼ö࣡
ʦɳдĸŮȥϴˮгɿǩ˵輸ϡ
ǳԣȥдġ
˵֮꣬Ц߿ˡ
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ʦЦǫ
ʦҳһ𣬻ܿתƵȽѧѧϰϡ
ʦЦȽļ򣺡Ҹ̸ȥ鷿԰ɡ
˵꣬ʦ壬Ƚȥ鷿
ϳˣкȽ
ȽƵƵʹɫ膪̫࣬ʦ鷳
Ȼ˶ˣȽֻܹԹԴ鷿ҵӢӰҲ˿̸
ʦȽĽ˳ֵĿ϶֮źۼؽתƵӻµϡ
Ĵûҽô㣬̸ģ
ʦ²һѣڴؿҸסԺ죬ȽȽĽͶԵ֪û
һ̾˿ûУǼ̫ˣְˣ˵߼ҳǮѴѵظ㻨һӣûаְߣµǺӣСʱ˾ͲŰˣһĺڹϣҲû̸
ʦһ˵յû뵽տⰮЦﾹȻ
ȱС㹻ᣬֱȱʲôʲôһԶ


16
ȽУʱ °ʱȽɣֱ4sˡ
˾ˡĸһֱܺãǾã ľƺ顣
ϲҸǽһһ
˲ӰȡһУ ŵǰ
ӡƷlogo ݳƷ
Ʒζû˵Ϥյϲã ЦŴ ˻Σϲ
лл衣
˵ʲôҸ˾˾ϣؼססп ǰü࣬ ż۵÷·𴭲һת۴İˣСҲѧҺü꣬ 滳Сʱ
ìܵǣļϣӳؼң̸ۼ޵ͣðŽܣõ׶ʱ ͺ塣
հ ʵξмæЦݺͰص
ղ飬 ʲô»˼˵ˣ
֮ǰȽȽμ֣ǰʦסԺǵðɣ
յͷȥҽԺһˡ
ʦӡرãһֱţиͲĶС죬ⲻǰȥ̽ʦˣܲܽСʶʶգ֪㲻̸˼ʦ
ˣǣߣܾܾʦΪˣǱõİΣ迪Ǹڡ
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Ҷʶ磬ֻǼһ棬ôϲ
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ҲˣȻ岻ǹģյҲˣұⳡЦˡ
ĬĬؿЦ
ߣպȿڷԱĲˮȻ͵ʵҸ̸ֻĸ׵ұ۵ģҾ費þܾĸףҲΪѣŴӦС졯һ棬ԲΪŪⳡס
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ֱգֻǳЦЦ˵һԱͻĿףһоͶˡ
ǰһĹ۵㡣Ц˵
΢΢ü°䡣
ĵƹˮתʡ
崹˴ߣһˣûô˽⣬棬ÿΪ


17
ÿΪ
仰һڣ ռ޷ԼĶ䡣
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仰մ𺳣ʶ׷𺳻Ҫǿҡ
ԲȻ飬 ƿߣ 豭ǳǳһڡ
ݵĳĬУļμ档
򳵵ʱıƺһ ȥʱ ͵Ǹһ㳬ϣǶȻʱƺ֣ 룬 Ӧþǰĳŵ㣬ϴھưݡ
ͼ֮Сǳƣƺ֤
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룬ʵ㳤ͦ˧ģҲзȣóԣЩ͵ŵ㣬ֻΪͥԭ򣬶ȤĲ󣬸ʲôһ顣νһ飬˵׿ûϲҵ˵Ҳϲ˵ˣƯҲʸС
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յĸҲƯʱƬóվãĸױÿʢ׷ĸףƺҲһأ׷꣬¹Ѫĸôã׻ΪһﶼȲĸ׵ŮԱˡ
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ʱСǵüĸ׿ޣҲ֪ĸû͵͵ᣬռǵͯʱڵί˼Թᡣ
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գ
аֻܾʣӦԼᣬͻŹǣ


18
ˣ ĴǿŻƻƵʡ
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գ
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19
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տǰ޳ͦεӰȻ棬ʲôطλͷһ顣


20
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һڿҽ޷Ϊṩ⻨ĲƸΪṩӪʳʱעĳθİܴ磬ǮʲôûУַֻǳŮˣŻŽǮϢȥı
ٴοһŮװ꣬Ѿһ˲ɥʧġ
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ͬգûҾӣֱӳ˹
ո¶֮⣬ͻȻ첽߿ˣ·ȥվӣײģء
һޱȵЦ


21
·ʱζ ·Ƚſʼƣ
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壬ΪʲôҪ¶밧Թٸı飡


22
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ղұģһֱƯɼôãѧУѧֻʡͨơ
ֵһ㣬ɼȫ˦ˣ޿ʵ
Ůҵһٸսа飺ϹǿĩٰпҵòãԭԼõһʱˣ˭ء
һ㶼뽻õĹۣӸбҵûϵˣĹʸ
²ֻ˵˵źҵȥǵĩæܿ϶Ҽ١
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ǿһǮϢʹУɡ
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ոˢǲǿĿҿ̬ҲϣĽģɣȻ
ȻЦǫһ
˼΢ţ뿪֮ǰ㽫ص㷢գǿһҪȥ
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1601ˣոȥˡ
¥ȥģصóֻȷһҪμӵĻַ
ͬһҾƵ꣬ͬһ


23
㣬 վʹСˣǰļҡ
Ȼ㲻죬ɼȻӦҪ㵱 վҪкһְ
ʮձԼõʱǰʮӵִּҡ
˵һλ
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յĳͣ һװ˿첽˳͸µĳգѰɣ
Цԣҽգ 㵱
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ձ־һ¡
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˾Ƶ꣬ɰǻҪɡӭ
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ղһλ˵˻ĿͶԷȥˣոҪתͻȻǿĵôһΪҪҡ
ոͣڵʱ䣬ϲͬѧ»顣

ŵؿȥ
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Ц棺ҽҪŲǿ㣬ʳϰ߲ãͷθۡ
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24
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Ҳ̫ϲոյԼ
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ҽǰܽŮߵӴ
ҽϣ5ǰҴ𰸣ΪҪ˵Ĳ
ҽˣӦҿӰģԼ벹ƱǮ


25
֪ ҪӰƱֻڿЦļƷ
ָĻ¿һļϢ
˵ʵ ΪǷݻն˼Σôº͵ˣ޹ŭ
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ֻһŵӰƱǸģòҲǲһš
ҽΪ㣬 ԼȥӰ
ջûסĳ嶯ã Ǯҷ
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ʢʮָ꣬ŮԵ塣
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壺ǰ޸ңලһӣԶ֪ҵѡ񡣡
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26
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źڻ谵ü۶塣
˵ʲôɶǰŴ󿪣ˣҲûмɡ

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վлʱ򣬵һľǲǿ


27
룬 廹ҽԺдյյϢ˵Ӱ࣬ Ԥư˵Żڹ˾ˣǷݡ
أ֪ˣӰ࣬ עϢ
տܺæ ûٻء
дһĹ Ѿˡ
뿪ҽԺ ·ԶС
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ĶûоŻʧһʱ䣬ȴ統衣
Լġ
˼ңȥһ̨ϵĻݡ
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ʵҸ̫죬Ҳ޳Ŀ
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βǿӣǺᡣ

˭˵㻵Ҿ˭ʵĳ嶯ơ
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28
ã յ촽һѹҽ
Ȼ ͱƳˣǰֻʣϤ1601ɫŰ塣
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ĹţĵǱƣ˼ǽʹԼ޶ȵسҰ
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һǽշؿڣ顣
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Ĺʱǰ˵㣬ƽʱǰСʱҵҽԺѵҪٵ
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ͷȥ䡣
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ǾͲǵѵˣ
̹Ȼͬǵĵ٩ð״ӣ·ȥҡ


29
ǳ֮ǸմӰ죬 ֹͣױ³վֱרҵҸĽۡ
дλͻ ܳͣʮһңڲǿͬᳵˡ
ͻϵۣղὫ˽
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ĵ㣬յϢ
ҽҪһλֵͬҹ࣬Ȼ°һȥ°ֱȥǱ߳԰ɣ******
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30
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31
³ǰ ս²׸¼ļβ͡
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33
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34
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ղΪһʱԶҳϣ ⲢҪΪֻҪʼһϵܼ򵥣 Ҫʵͷʱɶϣ͸Ӷˣǣ档
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36
ͣ յľ˾˾֪ˣֵһʱתĸס
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ŮٴƿֻҪæֻҪȥŮŮˡ
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շֻߵʢߣʱ׼æ
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ʢܵŮ棬Сǰοʱҽ
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գҰ֡
壺


37
յļֻ룬 ˻ؼϴ軻·ʣʱ䶼ҽԺġ
ʢ˳ֻҩڵʹⲻˡ
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뵱ӬⱲӶҪӬ


38
صС ߽ݣ忴գˡ16
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39
յشȷ磬 ĹߵܣҲӲȥ
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40
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⣬ ղַʲô Ҳܸ²۳Ӣ
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41
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42
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ʢ


43
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44
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47
ܺ һӣֱӿ³ ǰıȻҪģһзϺͬ
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48
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49
ĴڵӰĲ һſһƬڵӰԺ볡ʱ տӰһ̫տƻģһڶгİƬ
ո﷢ϢŵӰƱ Ҫ
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50
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51
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ˣʦż뵱ʱĻ棬ǻЦ


52
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׸ԻûùʣŶôôɢһ


53
ģ Ҳ浽̸ۼ޵ĵز϶ҪһЩʵء
Ʃ壬 Դս飬㿪ʼ˼鷿⡣
иĸĸҵڿҽӵһѧߴʮӵĳ̣ ³Ļܸ졣ǣ ʮǰģװ޺úһֱڳ⣬ 鷿 Ҫͽͬװһ顣
ղ֪ԼδԴĥʲô
ϣоԼҳ뾺Ʒϣ Ҳ鷿 ĬĬڸԣƺڿʲôļ
ҪϢһڿʲô
忴һۣ׷޺ͬ µڣҪҪԼ
֣ΪʲôҲǿţǱߵһɣ
Ȼһ˵ĸߣ Ȼ͵װ޹˾װһ£ ǵĻ鷿
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ģһһĳ
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Ҳһš
ī

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֣ףҺԸװӣֻװ漰ϸڣǮһĸ㲻⣬Ǯ㣬ҵΡ
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ϵ죬ֻ΢ģϹǿĽ΢һ㣬ֱӴ˵绰֤ˣôﻹ4sλŮ
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գ
ѯ𣿡
ЦݲãȻԣôҲðͳȥĺջ


54
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һֱæµף·ײ׵ Թ ȥ·
ԱߵǽϣһҹҹϹһС һСɻ
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ͦϲģżɻ ˺ߣֻȶȡ
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֪յĸףû誡Եʶ
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ԱߵǼλȫȦСǿеҵƽʱܹעȦţЩǣûӴҲƵƬ
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Ĵʣ˵˺ֻܶ࣬һ䣺Ը޸Ϊɫ˥ǳ˲벻Ըһ
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ͷصһԶϣЦ˵ĻͲԸ⡣
Ը㣬ֻԸ㡣


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裬 ȥƱˣ·ɻϵ
īֻ ǰǻŶӡ
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ŶƱ ǻ īܿҵԼλãλߵλá
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