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1.  Ш   

[촩]
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Ш

緽ЪȥȥʰŲо֡
ůѰ̫ڿϣһü˳۵ṬŮڽ̤Ϊȡ

̫ٹǱţ磬¡ñֲ֪ãʱǡ

ŮٵĻδ䣬Ѱ̫İۡ

˼˸̫౧һȥТɣ̫󣬰Ҳ̫󣬻ʵۻǰģ

ŮٲԣȴѰֲ̫˼֡

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뵱µ۸ռڶŻʺʱ˶Ϊʱ˳ɻΪ˶Ͼ˭ҲԸӣŸǡ

֮˳ɹȻˡ
˿»˶ã˿һϷ˭֪˳һǶ꣬ûŻʺҲûΪ

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Ϊ£еſϷ֮ڶ࣬Цʥ̫֮ĴԼôź

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ǰԵң˺ⲻЩϵļᣬֻһЩ˾ζ֮¡
µ۵ѹƣҲûֳʲô̫۶ӣҰЦ

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ţ⴫һ󡮱򰲡밲

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ҩôЩͷۡŶͷ

Ůҩæǰ鿴̬֮ڿԿִ߽æ
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Ѱ̫ɷµɲǣҲ֪ôҽվоЩͷۡϲǵٹµģҶϰˣʵ۲õǡ

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Ѱ̫ĸӣײԸ񣬵ĸӼľٹĹʱȷʵ˲ٿͷ

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ʥͲΪֻʵۣ˻ԲǱŲڳֳʲôˣ

Ѱ̫˵òûеٴĵвĸӶнʱգ벻ʥ̫Ķȡ

νˣҲ˾̫涫ᶽ񣬵ԿҲûж顣
Ȼ鶼ǰʥ̫ӡ

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̫깬﹬˶ٶܿЩֳȥЦ

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˵ţվ

Ѱ̫ЩŵĿŶӣָָ㾹ҽĸ㣿
Կ΢΢Ƿϸҽĸ㣬Ƕĸɲĸˡ

⻹ǽҵ㣡
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ǰһô뵱ٹǣĸû££Ҳȵ۳谮ٹ̫߹󣬿㡭

Ѱ̫ڿߵΣԿȴоһۣٹ̫󣬸һա
תָֻʳָͣشŴĴָϵİָûȥѰ̫󣬶ǿˡ

ú̺̫ǳʲôΪʡ
һ˸̧ͷֱʥգǷӦǡ

ԿˣѰ̫ʹ޳
ҩعùüʵڲÿӵ˶ȥֻ̺ǶҲǷѰ̫˵ˣѰ̫Ҳûʲôܻ䣬Կ

⻹ӣǧʮꡭնŵŮ˵׸ԻҩﲻϣƾŮңˣڸ綼У̫Żʲô˼

عùҲôֻȰ̫˼Ҳô˵˲ѵµĴ
Ѱ̫ʱԸˡ

ʲô˾ȻãѾڻʵУЩĴҲʰ÷иʲôΪѵĴ
˵ˣѰ̫Ҳɵǿ͸һУڸڹ确ءЩҲ

ʥ̫ûˣ˵˲ͷûצļϻԺλҪԿºʹ̫˼ȻڸӹѰ̫

˵ˣǸ꾫Եȵͷת˸ʮСʺԵýΪˣԵҶ

̫ű˵ʲôȥˣعùúҩҲֻ˷й

Уҵӣ񲻹֮꣬ȴѴӣһ첻ĸ̫ҪһֱѹڰͷϣǲǵȰգöСһѰ̫ͻȻ޷޵

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Ҳ˵ܲܳɣ֪˶ǣѰ̫˾ֹܹġ

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񡭡

ӷﴲϵŰɫ£Ƶںڳû٣ɢ
ƴСЩӲԵЩ԰ǡǡΪ˼Ҽ̬֮

ѽ˭뵽ǰ֮ľɫŮӣȻǲ֮ϵʥ̫
ʱվǰģӣҲǻʵԿ¡

ԿһɫۣͦΣ׿Ȼ߸Ķ٣޽мī䡣
һ󺮷ҡҷէէ֮䣬忡һչ˳ӵ̬Ǳ

ʲôʱôޣ
ƺ˾ƣǾǰָḧա

˵޿κΣ㲻ţ޹㣬㶼šĸ󣬿¶ƭ㣿㲻ο¶𣿡

ѱԿŵɪɪ˼ֶûֻӿ
ţţȴСײڽ̤ϣ۵ܲס۵̲סһ

ײˣôģôˡ
һˣԿ¶ʱףҲüΪᣬ뽫˴
һ֣߿߿

ĸôˣкβԣǰɴôġ




2.  Ш   

£

ǡǡԿԽϸԱ֮ǰӣŸΪ̫󣬵ʵû̫๬͢Ķ㺦¡

˶żҵŮ׹ùǻʺ׵ɣ⹫ǶԪϡ
νǧٳ裬ǧ谮һ

Ҳֻʮ֮ǰʮ̫꣬ӱ򻼲ʺùܲסˣʱ͵齶𲻵õĴΣ֮

żǺ壬ҫԼڴˣ̫ްУλ飬һڻӷӿ𣬽ʱһƬҡ

Ҫ뱣֤żŵҫҵʱվȽŲֻһ취żٳһλʺ
Զˣʱͱעˡ

Żʺްº˹˲ĵڶεĻʺ

һʮĻʺ

о岻ϸ˵ΨһöֵҵǣʥѸߣЩֳԳ֮糯ôϣ֮ҲٹʣοҺ󹬡
ºǰλʺֶŮʥϴҲй˼ɣԶлʺ֮ȴʵ

һξôȥˣʵĻʺȻºӣɱʱλݱóﳯһƬңżλ⣬֮ܲӰ졣

ΪһݣҲΪżҵδѰһ·żԾѰһӺ
˱Կ¡

ʮ빬ΪԿ»Ҫһ꣬ڹĴȴΪѣĸó裬ֲܸӣﻷӣ߲ȵ֪֮
һ԰ʱżȻײñ׵Կ¡

ʹ֪֮Կߵ̫಻СĴӶſ޼ɡ»ƣԿ»һ̫࣬ͬԿһˡ
ԵС󶼱üãѰһֻ˳۲ѣȻӲܡ

ʲôأ
˵ǸʵĻʺ֮⹬Ϊ˾أΪżΪΪʥСʥϻʵ۹øʱʥҲֶŮΪ۰

ˣ۰ȴûб䣬ʥÿδի󣬶һ˼ɵЩŶֱϵĹ

˼ŲǷǣֻԿ´˸ҩͰͻȥˡ
˭˳ɵʶȤձԿл

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Щ꣬һ·߹ʮӵġ
Ǵʲôʱ˲¼֮ģ

֮ǰڴڳҪýԿ飬Կ֪֮򣬿ɱΡ
֮һ̫࣬

Ϣ󣬶׻
Щ꣬⹫ţΪ̫Ҫӣڳϼ˵״̬ɹ﹬Σȴʸ֮ģָԱ

ȫƾ˽һ֧ţΪ˱йһϵΥĵ£Կ¶Ҳ֪Щ
Ϊֻǿû뵽涯

ֱһЩ׵ͻȻˡ
ֹһζ˵Կ˼̫֮ԣֻΪȵ϶Ȼû£Ȱ͡

߬˾֮ȨԸţȰѰ˼Ȩͺٹ϶á

˵Ȩ֮գ֮ʱ
ţ룬˵̫ôҲܻ

ʵ֤滤ס
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ֻˣճȨֻˣΪλһЩɼ֮£ڣֻˣһЩ˵ѹĳǵ֮ޣ£

һ񣬳ȫȴ



ˣˣô㣿˽ˣ˵˵У˲ѵ㲻֪ΪˣΪңΪ˻ŲõңΪйһϵΪ˷ǻˣ

㣬֪һУȴҪΣΪΣô

ؿţֹסȪˮһ䡣

ڣûеҵĶ£ûкô£żҲҪٻֻҪȾͺã⹫ҵҲҴû뵱ʲôֻ̫񡢱Լӱá

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죬˵ֻǿޡ

㣬ǲǣԿļ磬Ĩϵᣬӱܣض۾

ǲǣ

۽ǣǣҺˣ

㣬żҲյУΪ˻йһϵȥ˾࣬ҲôΥĵ£ҲͲ˻ҪһҪ£Ĺߡ

Կ¹Ц
Цͳ۽ȴھҵس鴤޳ָظգīͫһѹֲסķ

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͸ʲôţȴ˽ţһܶſҡ
޾͸Ū񣡡

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еĶ̼Կ£ЦϣͷĿѣּŻ

ǣ޾ý㲻֪жôᣬƵĻߣ޶ʲôܶʲôأϾ޵ĸǲǰĸ󣿡

ˣˣ

޷ˣǷˣ͸Ū񣬾Ͳһֱǰ˵޵Ļ͸ðٹĶҲ׼ȥ޾û裬Żһֱ㣬ŻǰһֱôŻᡭ

˵޷ˣ޾ͷ㿴

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û

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ģģУԿ¾ֵ½һ̲ɫѪ

жˣҪˣ

Ҳá

Ϳȥˡ




3.  ²ĸһ   Ҫ

01


븴Ǿ͸ı˰ɡ

˭˭

ıˡ

㵽˭

ءʵڳŲȥˡչ˴ѿСѿˡ



񣡡

оѡ
кһҹӴⴵ̲ס˸飬ͬʱԴҲ˲١

Ŀ֮һƬ谵һ˵ζ
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ȴѾˡ

֪ʲôֻϡǵԼƺжˣȻ˯˺ܾúܾãٴۣ磬ﻹ಻Լļ䡣

ж㣬ǽ
һҰ帾Ѿ˳ˣɷ򣬻Ů

Ȼﶼ֣ȴȻͬ
ũҾƶʱ˶ضӣŮȻҲ񾩳ЩŴ󻧣ΪŮܵӡ

СڼҾͲӣͣڸĸ֮ý֮£޵ڴһȴ˵Ŀˡ

ΪԵСľګɩֺˣȻĸϲѰɻҲͲˣŮżҵӸѹ

ǲµĸŵѴΪ̫ųҷҵĵλһֻ

ϵԭԡֻ֪µȢǵ˰˱ѪùһµĸҪкã

˵ʱɷվʱˣ־ȴǸ챿ľګģûõĶȥ
Т

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ⲻǰʱҲ֪Ǵ˭ҥԣ˵͵ӡ
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ƫƫˣԽԽף϶һŮ벻ϵˡ



һϸСͻȻڶҹɫףҲԵϸСΪ

Ǵѿ
ĴŮꡣ

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е㾽СѿȴְӣԼһ鶫

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۾ȴˮģѺСѿﰵ˸

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ÿϷַʱĸŮķܱȱ٣СӲͶϳյӰϡ࣬ܳŵѾܲˡ

СѿӺźι

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СѿûסҧһڡҧһھͲҧˣҪҧһųԡ
ĸŮʳС

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㻹Ǹȥϸɣǰϸȥˡѿ
ǵģϵ󣬵ʱŵòᣬҲŵòᡣ

ɺûϾ³ɺһˣؽ˲񷿣˵ѣҲԣڲԼҵĵط

־飬׺׵Ů벻˹
ʱѾˣȻ֪ʲô

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ţȥϴСѿġ

⻰ӺܳԾǴѿû˵ʲô
ģСѿʡ
ġ

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ȴһ˯ⶼޣţԼ¡

ڰУѿͻȻ˵ƭСѿҪСѿҪ⿴㣬ѰΪ˭Ը˯񷿣

ǺɤﺰģȻǽ³á
ȴЦ

ѿЦһ¡

ûҲûƭСѿҾȥϴ
ʱҲˣ˯ɡ

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ҲˣظСѿ¶ȣͻȻźڰЦһ¡

а취ô죿

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λˮ壬Ҿڴеƫϡ
ƧĵطνеƫҲֻȴ˼Ҷ˼ĶضѣʳԣҲѪǮ

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Ȼֳƺֻ˵ʵ߷ұ˼ҪһǷ̵Ƭ˼éݶ

һڴüˣϾˮõƬݶĿûҡ
ʹУҲһ䣬Ͷ᷿Ƭݶ

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԰˺ޣԼϴ䣬һéݶĲ񷿣ȹġ

ѿСѿȥǰͷԷˡ
˵ԣѣû˵Ůӳһ˵ݸһױӡ

ǲСһ͵ġ

ϴһôǯƼ棬ǼϱԸϱɱﵣͲԡ

ɶϱǶɷͺӣ͵ضһһء
ԷʱҪڷϳ꣬׼˽ء

Կ֪Ҳ֪ô͵͵ױӵġ֮ǰҲ͵͵ص㶫ԣûԡ
һһ޿ҲΪ̫ѳˡ

Ǽں
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ѿе죬ȴЦЦ˵ȥϴҪԱ˲ȥ

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ƺϰֳʳȴû취ÿһڶڸɤӡ
ǳš

ڼѿŤŤȥˮûкɫȴЦˡ

ڳ꣬ȥǰԺ
ٳʱѿͻȻҪ̴㣬ţ졣

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СѿҲһ˫ܴ۾ȴ¶ģʪġ
Ӷ

ʵ˶֪²ģֻѹ㣬㡭ѿ˵
֪ЦЦͷ




4.  ²ĸ   ޣ

02

ȥǰԺʱϴϱ

ƵĿһۣЩƺ׹ʲôЩֻЦЦ

Ҳû˵˶ӡ

ҵƺµȥˣǰԺһƬžֻмֻԺпյʳʱʱĹ峿

㻹ṳ̂ţͿݴŵĿϣϥһ
ʮͷͣһͷ׵ͷԺ˸٣ֵͦģڿһСɽȴûʲô⣬ټȧǸߣƤҲԽԵ̱

û̧ͷп̻òűġһѵƵ졣
ԡ

оڴûԶĺҲ֪ľ¡
ƺԭǰһֿڹη塣

ţϡ

̧ͷͿϱԩƵվſڣϢؿԼ
ûһ¡

ʵڵеˡ
־˵׵ʱϾǸġ

ĻƻŮ׳ʵƨɴܸɻģȴϾͲϸ

ҵļҾҲã˵иͯϵͯ޸֮ŲУö֮ģ㻼첡

֪첡Ǹ󲡣ҵļҾпɣͱͯôûͺĹ˼ҵ׶˵ǼͽıҲΪ޵ʱ򲻻ʲôױ

һ

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ǰ˵ϸľֵָϺɫٺۣڶڲסټ⼸ձڲ񷿣ͷģûԷɫҲãͻȻַʽ֣ɲŻ˻ˡ

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ܱŻ첻

һμˡƵ֮ˣʹ׼Ҳⱻе¡
ǵԼϴģһֱͷš
ɶ֮ˣΪĳԡ

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죡Ʋסţþ
һ㶣ұ죿

ǲţƺЩЦŭдԲӦеĽý¿˳ֻڿϵļëӡ

ӦһɾʹϮ

ϾȻ
üëӳ

󵨡

ͷشĭɣС潸Ϊ͵˸ӣǰҫˣұ죬˵Ҵ󵨣ûС潸ﵱͲȢţɻ㲻ãӶ̯㣬ǵ˰˱Ѫù

򣬻ȥ
һһ

۵ûֱ˵ϡ
ûܹʹСǱ˳ţǽ˹м괦̫ãɵлʺλڣϻû˸Ҷġ

ο
񡭡

غ֣ûûûˣѾˣˡ
һɾҵʹļ䡣

븴Ǿ͸ı˰ɡ

ôı䣿
ôһƣ·µţûܾҲȲԼȻҲѰֺεºܸı䡮ˣ

˵ˣܰô꣬òǶżңʧȥǵıӣԼôĶ֪
Կ˵̫棬ȷʵˣȻߵһ

ˣ
һΣͲٳһС

ҲǸֻĻ룬˼ҹΣҲʵѾˣﲻʮ˲һ㡣

оţɴӱϿȥȴһ㣬һ˴š
һȴ£治ҶֻĿţһֱ찵̫ˡ

ʱһСӰһԳ˹


Ǵѿ
Ƶģһͷײ϶ϣһСӰҲ˹

̣
Сѿ

ϱӶĳײײθɤ
ʹּһץСѿ̧־򣺡ѾͷƬӣҴĸҲǡ

Сѿ
ǴѿֵĽ㡣

̧۾ͿϰСѿץССѿϵСһ޷
Ҳ֪ĶŴӵײ˹ȥ

Ů

ϸûзײһƨڵϡ
ѿֿ죬ܹȥһѽСѿԶЩ

ͬʱˤĻ㣬ɸûأΪȴѾӵˡ
ŭŤ£˹

ðǶ뷭졭

ţͻȻվײײȥ

ˣˣˡ

*

䶼˵أڼĸɻŮ˻࣬Ķܿ;˺ܶ

ϣʲô²ܺú˵ǵö֣
ǣǣôӶˣ

ΧԽԽ࣬йһͣ½Ų·ߵһϴ

ѽ־ϱ˵òᣬôˣ
ȥﶼҳһ࣬˼µظɻ

˵ʵҲе£ǰûѵϱɱ˵ˣ춼ңξȻܵȥ˰æ
ϱȷʵҲ˲ЩˣһҶ˵С潸װĿޣʱһ

ϿɲЩǣ˵޽ŶӶ˵˵͵˵ϡ

̯ϱǵ˰˱Ѫùҽ첻ѵ䣬ѰٻǶײңҶˣҵСӻӣһ֮²Ż׷š

ԭ

Ѿǳ٣ѿСѿҲܵ˾ţϵĶ֣Ƿʱͱˡ

ǰŽѵϱ¡ӵĶϱȫҵĴˣ˭Ҳ˵֡
˵͵ˡ

˵Ǳ˵ļ£Ҳù졣

ѵĶϱҲôصְֳ಻ÿһϸȰ

⻰ڰ˵ֻƾǾ䲻Ķϱܿƫġ

ǰʲôϱ֮䲻ܺú˵ġ
ڼѵˣ׻Ҫӡ

ȻҲת䣬ëڵϣһڵѵҪӣһðҲѵˣҲֶţ˽ݻȥ

գ
ȻҪޣ

Ҫ֪޿Ǵ£Ͼ˶ȢϱҲס˭ûϱܵʱһݻͷأǵùҹŹӡ
ֵҪ޵ĵزȻʲôСˡ

ұϾͬһ壬˶̫ŵԸҲ˽⣬ǽһˣ˭ĶϱҲס
д־ϱôʵͽһˣƽʱӴ򲻳ƨֱ÷˵͵˴˭ŵġ

涼ڴҲ͸߶߶䣬û뵽龹ֳ

һʱҶȰ͡
ϵķӦȴͱˡ

Цص㣬ȵϴϱ϶ϱǻǸˣȥѽǵлϱҲҪ!




5.  ²ĸ   ˲ˡ

03

վȺ￴ֵͻҶһ㶣һӦȺ
ˣȰ͵˸ࡣ

ϽŵǸġ
ϱۣڶûҲᷴͱǰȥ

ѿ֪ʱҲߡ
ѿСһƬҰף϶˼ۣǷű׷ʱµġ⻹ǴӱܿģƲµ˻֪ж١

͸̵ǸɣҲ̵ǸҲԣҲö̲ǿĴѿˮ

ǰ⼸յһĻĻ

ѿ
ѿ͵͵Сѿ֪СѿԸ񣬿϶

ѿҪ͵͵ȥСѿʵ˵ķ͸Ĳ

׻С꣬ȴ֪ˡ

ߣ֪ļҵĸڵ˵

־ϱ͸ǣšֲԣҪȥǣѵҪݻң㲻֪ݻҵŮӣԺӻѡ

֪֪ôˣһӾˣѿⱲҲˡ
һﱻݵ壬Ժγˡ

ڣ϶䵽㾳صġ
Ҹô죬ô죿

־ϱǸģϱţ˭ҵĶϱôģЩӵ˵ɶˣǶҲǱЩǷǵĻͿˡǣ͵Ϊѿ

ȥϡ
Ͽ̱ŭȴһ˿Եĵ⡣

ñѾǰһʱͣס˽Ų
·һˮͷϣඥ֮С

ˣôܻҵļҾȢһҪӡȻڴҾ㲻ϵĿҲǳΪ˲óӻǮ

һһϱ˭˵ô

ΪͷģΪ

ͬǶϱͻҶƽʱ۶Ӿͺܶ࣬ҲûΪһЩ¸϶ţ
ȻϱսʤΪգӮ

Ȼ

ϾͻҶվɽֵɲ־ôľګТ˵ʲôʲô
˻ԶжŮ

һϱѶӶˣԺ󲻻ѵͲԺӲù
Բ÷СڣͳʾԼȨѹƼ˵Ĺߡ


ѵһȴͻҶˡ

ûÿϴĥͻҶʵʱ򣬴ϱϹϾģ˵ǵڹŶΪ

ʲôڽӴʲôˣʲôŻĸӣ󷿶жӣĻûףԺ϶Ҳжӡ

˵ǲֻŮ˭˵ԺͲˣ
ΪŲµĸ˵£

˵ˣΪѱѹϾŮ˵Ӿԭ
͵֮£ͬ
ǡǡǴҶţŻᴫ꣬ϲŸڡ

Լ͵ˣķӦԲ֣ǻס±֪

ѿһĺͯ˵ˡʵ˶֪²ģֻѹ㡯֮ԣ˵Ҷ֪ʲô

һҶĿˡ
Ҫ

*

ڼûˣǸԼԩ衣
ɴ֮ͥǸĬ϶Լָأ²ĸ͵ӡ

ԺôһñӣôȥˣѿСѿָˣ
ϸѹѹһӲܷһӶ֮¡

Ŀʵ̫ЩʱˣЩʱˣһã⹬ҲͲôˡ

ǵһӰԺһֱڣ׿Ȼܶǰ˵ȴĺԵĻȻô
ƺһֱֱʱ⡣

ʵڣѾԼЩˡ
ʱ״Ѿˣôֻһˡ

Ѱ̫

˵˳ɲĴĸӶ̫Կǰűﲡ̫пᣬ˳һ
֪˳ɵԲǹΪ֮ɸװɵĲôҲ˶֪ͼ

ԿµǻΪĸ̫󣬱סȴöһ²һ£αأ˾ӵٹ

һ
˵Ѿ޿ˣȴûҪһ·󲻹⺦Լ

ԣһǺգǽԼƽΪҵľ

ջؽŲͻȻת
˾Χ˽Ǿ˲㾹Ȼ߳ȺҲ֪Ķȥġ

־ϱ


ûͣʼߵúܳɣԽԽ죬ܿӰʧ֮С
˶ˡ
ϡ

־ϱʲôȥˣò벻Ѱȥ˰ɣ

˺ȥ
һܻ˲ˣǸϱȥˡ

ȥң
ȥ

Χ۵ĴٶȾۼſڣû߽ԺţͿֱعݴǰ㡣
ôȴʮֱͦһ˵ζ

뵱Ҳʮ˶ҲǱˣǸӹǣڼ޵˭֪̯һżҡ


̾

߳־ϱʲô
壬Ͷ·С˽Ҳʵ绢̫

һ洹һߵСԴ޵ˮһֱظТţɷ򣬳û־ӡС˲ǲֻʱ죬£СһϱһС

ĸûɷӣſ𣬴ԹᣬϾ˶ϱŵĿҲԹǰЩҲ֪˭ҥԣ˵С͵ӡ

ģС˲ںӱ£һİ·ںϴ˰ʱС˹˼ˣδϴѾ͸Ͻˣδ˵һ仰ȴԶﴫ˵Сйҡ

ĸ˵ԣңһʱ벻ϵˡûȴڲգδұ˵£˭֪

һ˽ڿ࣬ûԶﴫҲֳ֣С˾Ҳ£˭˭Ժң֪Ů˵죬廹ף

˵֮ʼȺͲϡ
˶Խǵͷͬ

ѽֲǲϻһһµĸϱŲټĻټ

ϱȷʵûûӣҲû˵˶ʲôƽʱæ˼ɷһµء

֪üиҲµص˼ȴ٣Ȼյʱ⣬Ϊ˳Цû׳Ȼø˼ҡ
µظɻʱﲻ˲Ŀ

ʱô˵ģ
˵־ϱɷ򣬸ȥæЩɴȴв˿ڵ۵ú䤱üζεˣȴЪŴȥ

žżҵˣСϱŭԡ
ϾǱ˵ļ£Ҳòԣ˽ûٸۣ汾ͲõҲᡣ

ⲻЩл£ʵҲ֤ΪһϱԶܶ˼ҵĶϱ
ſͬ顣

̲ס˵˾乫˵Ҳʵ̫ˣ˵־ϱûӣ˼ֲǲôǵţʹ׳ʵӹҲϰ

ɲǡ
ٷֵҲһܳׯڣƴ־ϱݵģļϱӣôϱ

һʱȺ۷׷ףվȺһһס

ûʵ͵Ҳʵۿ˵ġϺܹһʱûסŲӴµ

תͷȻ˵˶˵ɲ֪˭Ҫʡ




6.  ²ĸģ   Լܡ

04

ϱҭһ٣һʱ˸ͣ
˶ԼǿӲµôˣ˵ˣѵһȥָղɣ˼ұΪҼҺãȴˣԺڴﻹôˣ

ҲûϾ˭˵˻֪
ΪҥԵЩĪΣһô˵ʱ˳ϡࡣ

־ϱдǵһˣϱǰ˼ܵһ˵ĸαֳЩûЩĵҴʵǶ˽־ϱΪˣûš

ɲǡ
Ͼţαֵôѿ

һʱ֮ڶࡣ
㻹ǶϵٺۻĿ

ôôأϺзźڣϸľӣ̲סľս룬ʱôġ

ۣϡϻЩűϴˣ˫ξˮֱ£ܶ˵ĸ֮˵ž˵ȥˡ

ٶϢĳĬС

һݣ岻ΪССֻȥس̫үˡ֮͢Ľ̻Ů࣬ŮӴһգͬҲŮǷΪ˶ۣ̫үһС˿ΪСġ

⻰ǲ٣Ĺ˼ǱĬ֮ǽ̻ΪͳΪ
һطǷ̻ܳ͢ȡ˵ص硣

˵ˣǸʲôģ
ƽʱЭȡ˰ŲñۣȰũ˶⣬صΰ⣬ɵ

ֵȥǾǵΪ
ֺ飬һرֵСˣΪ粻ƣƵԾ

̫ү֪ˣλøòˣ

ô£ϾּǸӲǹ˵˵һ£ܺϡϡ࣬ȴû뵽㾹ôһ

ŮɤֵͣüΪɻв֮ҲǳԡܣҪȥϸ档

Ŀ

ĵǸͯһ㸾֪鶮ЩҵľҲš

ҲʵڱƵûȥˣŻˣҲϨ˼еŭ

⺢ӣαˣҼ𱾴֮£ȻҪܡ

*

ͷ㱻ϱȥ
ǱߣֵĸҸ˾ľս˭Ҳû뵽֣󾹱ֳָ

ˮ£ʮ˼ңøĸ˰ָϣҲܱŵķ

ȺﲻʱԼϢǴϱһʱ䳡ʮ֡

о׻˵úãܶԴ󣬸ҲԴͷ

ѹţҲֻܰѷΧСȷĳ˵ϡֲһӰ˶Ͼܶ˼ҶݣҲõ̫ˡ

ҲԸµһԭ

뽩֮ʣȺͻȻһ޺

û뺦־ϱҸԩ޳𣬾Ҹʲôȥˣ˳˵һ˴־ϱ˭֪»ᴫ

һʱ˻Ȼû뵽Ȼˡ
޺λ˳ԴϱԼҵĴϱ

ʮͣðԲƽʱǵڴҲСȴʲôÿйء

ܶ˶ɵ׶ͬ壬Ҳ˺Ƥµ˼ȻиӴֻۣԴҵҲΧһͬÿСϱ

ʵ֮ǰ˲¹û֤ݣֲƾյˣû뵽Լˡ

ԾĲֹһԴ͸ϹˣһȺͬϢϹվȺ⿴֣ʱﾹֻǲ죬ܿ͸оӹҲסˣȥԼһơ

Դϱ໵һ޵øס

뵽»ᴫǰ˵־ϱϵˣҲŵòᣬʵڲҡ֤־ϱȷʵûôԶܸʲôҲƺʶû˵

ԴԽԽûͣ
Դϱ죬СϱԴϱаҲᡣ

ʵڲӣסԴ󣺡㻹ܰ˲ɣƽʱǶܹܼҪ˵ǵǣһƲסԴǶܲס

⻰˵ԴһȺ˶ͷ
Դ֣˹壬㿴ֵģԺһúùҵȻʹҵǸȥ㿴

ǲֳΪǰһȺһȦ͵ذڰ֣ҵȥʴ־ϱȥû˵Ҫ˼Ҳ⣬Ҫȥø״

תݡ
Ȼﻹ˵ʱЩ

ʵµķӶ淢һ㶼ͷء
Դͷǲܣǰڳ̬ҥû뵽Ȼˡ

ҲܲԴϱΪˣ¸˼ʶ̣ҲǱŵ˲ˣҲû롣

˼ԴǸʽһ˸˵Ǹ¾ˡ
Ͼͬ壬Ҳֵ̫ѿ
ȴһĪı֮С

ٳһţҲͲˡ
ϵͲĵûһʱʧԴŭϣֳôһû취ԼϴĽҲ

ʱҲҲ

ǱϾһһΪûˣھȻǵǸˣ

㲻˵ϱһۣ˾ǴĴ⣬־ϱ˳ܵǸˣԴϱŽ̲ģڴֳ£βô׷Źˣ۲ܳԡ

˵ô죿
־ϱôصˣҴɣĻҲˡԴҸ־ϱֻĸӣٸЩǮȥ˰ɡ

⡭

ߣϱѾĸ첲˵ˡ

Ҳ㣬Ѿˣûֳһȥ˵˵Ҳ֪Ǹ˿֮£ƽ̫˴֮ĺϾͬˣԺ̧ͷͷ

ӣ֪

ô˵Ҳ֪ҲˣϴԼ͵ӵѾǲеĴҡ

Ȼ˵ȥⰲŴ¡

ϱֵ̾⺢ӣڴһأЩ±űţҵİ취Ů˰һ̫࣬Ӳ͵ӲԼܾԼþ㣿

һ㶣ӣ
ϱȴû˵ʲôǺЦ֡

˼

*

ԴֻĸǮ֮á
Ҫ֪ĸ˵ӣƽʱνͷԿɶָļµȥȴƾֻ

Ǯ
ۻһ굽ͷҲͻ±ضЩĻǮҲˣȴҪһȥġ

ҪԴ

һƽʱϱҵò˵ӣżߦ׷Դϱ˰塣

ǮϱԽģֻĸǮؼȥˡ
ϻûأʱϸĸ˵˵ΪԴϱҴŻһŭ֮´˶ϱ

˵ˣԴϱĴҲҥʹ

ҵ˼ûʲôˣͶصȥˣׯھҪˣʱǾϸ̺ʱ򣬵󲻵á
ʼ㶼û־˵Ҳûһۣ־ΪϱﻹԹͷͷԵȥȥˡ

ⲻ֪ͻ˸ȿӣѾˣǶ㡣

⼦ܳ𣿡СѿͻȻʵ

˼еعɰСѿָȻѾ˷ܵľš
ҲǺʵ̫⣬

ӿЩӰ˵뷨վܳԣȥˡ

żȥԺɱĹʹȻ㶯ȴǾǾ塣

ɱ
ʲôʱɹ£õļûΪ͵ʱѾζȡ

СѿȴŰ˵ҪԼˣѿû˵ȴһ۰Ͱ͵ؿš
ƽʱѵóһ⣬ŴѿܵˣԼܵ裬ƾһŭ

֪ԼΪλǸȻҪ񣬾ҪıˣȨˡ
˵ûŮһ࣬ԼܾԼѵָˣ

ûָˣˡ
һǯżֻõĲӡ




7.  ²ĸ壩   

05

Ѫ
ѿ⼦Ѫ˷ˡ

ʱˣһæҺռѪֻȻһ룬ˡ
ĸŮ˶ӶЦ

ѿƺе㲻ϰֳǵȥˮ

ȥ㡣

˵ڣһ£ȴû֮ǰΪȻȻгԳƶ죬ӻǰȥ

֮տˮ̼ë࣬ԼﻹļͱܣһæңҲûס

ģһ
ҲûʲôϣǴѿĴнͼټһСѴΡ

ˣҲζ硣
ζ˳̴ѺŴƮ˳ȥһɧ

󷿵Сҫ˵
˷ܳ۾ʲôǼԴõġ

ҫ治꣬ǲʱ⻰ûɻµļۼҵļӦøҳԣдԡ

⻰۾һʱ⡣ѲڵСӰãͷš

ǰĸŮͷء
ѿջСѿȱߣ۲ؿð̵Ĺ

ùѼһ£Цŵһܳˡ̧ͷͿżЦվ⡣
ϵЦסˣѿСѿЦҲûˡ

ѿֹ
Цŵպҫѧûʢһɣҫڲӡ

ҫҳҲĴӣʮ꣬ѧݶ顣
Ҫ˵˭ܳ裬󽭣ǳҫˡΪϺԳĿأƫС󽭣ҫǰҲһ֮ء

ұϾôˣʱʹڣҲô׵ȥƫ̻󷿡
ȴСзҫڡ

ٷʲôóԵĺôģҫڵռͷһݣԱسҫΨһĶˣԺҾָҫ棬˶ò
Ҳ֪Щģû뵽ôһС

ʵҲôˣҪԶʳǲܵ£ǰڶῴϷŮ׷ӡ
²ӻСķϴһûУڵã״»ļ

ﻹҪҪ֣ô֣Ѿˡ˵̨ǰ˸ʹӹ̼

ƽʱװ˵ģȵһС裬װĸŮòóˣһǸæġ
ѿǸӣûס˵һ䣺ҪһЩ

ƲѾͷƬӣʲô⼦͸ҫڸԣƽʱѧˣöಹ

˵˳ˣΪƽʱô˵ＸѾͷƬӵģʲôýҫڣҫںˣ˲Żá

⻰ȴŭ㣬ҲǷŵﻹһһıԼ˹־Ͷ롣
Ѽ˻ȥ˼£Ǹϡ

ɩڶˣ㻹Ҫﲻô༦ҫҪ˲ӣɱһֻˡ

ɱһֻˣ
Щϵӣû˭ɱֲǲˣ

㡪Ŀɿڴ
㲻ǳصģôĻʺ̫ϻмϡֻü΢Ƴ˹ȥͰŵˡ

ʵŵĲ񣬻֮ǰ֣ȥǶķơ
Ϊ֮ǰ;ϱĪܵʲô̼˰ɡ
ɲܵǸͷҪҲǱ˵

ڨڨȥȴЦ
ѿЦһ£ͱסС

ҪôӲǿҲܱ۸ˡ

̾˿ȴЦˣԳˡ

*

ĸŮ˱һ١
СѿԵͣСȴץż򲻶

Զ˲˻ĺ͸Сѿ˵ȲˣٳԡСѿҲΪĻʵʵ¼⣬ýȥϴ֡

ͻˣһȻ״ȥˡ
ûǣûԸһТֻ˵Ļ

ϣڵòȹ׶õĶȥ
һΪϱТ˭֪

㲻˵ǰɣȥ

ûͷߣȴֲҷʵʵȥˡ
ҵĴ̣˭֪ûᡣ̨ʰøɸɾĹϴɾˡ

ˤˤ緹мϣʵ޲ָɣ
ȴţ·ûˡ

ϱĪ뷭졣
ҶŸ֣

˭֪أ첻Ѿˡû
ܷŹ

˶һۣЦˣʱ˲١
磬Ƕˡ

ϺҲĿǰˣʮͷͣȴѾˣǳڵͨɹڵƤ׵ͷͺӣһɫֲӿ㣬ŴŲЬ

ѳͷǰþˮ˳ţͽ˿̴
£ĸӣ˵أĲڡֵФϺͦģŨüۣͷҲͦߡ

̫һĻֵɹòᣬ䤱ģҳ
󷿺ͶŮӭ˳Ըɷˮʰϵ
Ψû

ͻҶҲû֨
϶ɽˣϱüҶһüŪۣʰɾӱһǰһԼˡ

Ǳæţû˵Ļ־˿յķţͷȥˮҨˮϴ

Էʱ󽭲ŴԼ
ֵĸﳤõһŨü۱ͦüһɵɵʣһũҺԵе롣

ƺҲͦȥһ˯һ磬ǵû˵һ䣬û
־Ůûִٵվȥѿѿ

Ϻžһ½ϣȥʲô˼ҶˣԵñá

־ЩףԱߺĽͣͱϱ͹ŮˣϱͰԴļˡ˵ôͳʳˣ㲻ЩɩСӣҪТТϱã˼Լͷԡ
⻰󽭶ʱЩˣ磬Ҳùܹɩôһˣ

־ʱӾִˣֿ˿ĵֿ˿ɩǣѿ϶ǹģȥʣȥ

*

־ǰŻЩԥ˭֪һԼͿˡ
ڿϵĸŮͷǸˡ

ѿû°ɡһ˵һĥֺõı顣

˱ۡ
ʵ֪˵Ĵ̬ȣΪһЩСʹС̣˭ҲΪ˵Сȥ

ҲͰգ֮ǰ־ȴûһ䰲ο֮ԣûΣ˵ˡ
·Ǹ·ˣ󣬹ƺöӣȥµأʵʵȥˡ

˵֮ǰֻ֪־ԸɵӰ죬ȴܵԭΪ󣬻벻Ϊλһһ˵ԼʵڳŲסˡ
Ī

ûôѿҩ
ҩ֮ǰʱϱģҲ֪˶᲻ȥ򣬱Ѽε˵ҩƸһСƿ

ѿ
Ҫʲô¾˵ɡ

־Ҳʹ֪࣬ίˣô㣬ˡʵҲЩӵ˵Ҳᡭ

أΪɷĶҺѿǣĶϵʱĶұ˹ڲ񷿣ԣĶ

һʣԼ֪𰸣ҲΪź

ѽĶ

־ʹرԴͷȰﲻ˵Ҳͷţá

ҾţҲ¶ǰ͹ˣûˡ





8.  ²ĸ   Ӷ

06

ôֿ֪ɺޣ
ڵϵͷȻѹһӡ

ҿȻ֪ʹʲô

㲻˵صһӣôѿҩ
һƬž־һվƺֺ㣬ȴֲ֪˵ʲôֻڿſȥŮ

ŮСѿҲС첻
־Ц޹Ĩһɩ˵˼ˣ˵ڣҲóԶʳдǡ

ǼԴõġ
ҡ֪õģɵ׵ﶼڡ

͵һ±۾
ѿһѡ

㿴˿ͷĮǶ;ȥ

ӦѿϻԳԡСѿС

־ֺõؿŮѿүǳԶҪȽųǵġ

ȥ˸룬һͶˡ
Сѿ׻СǳԵģ¿ȥ˿

ֻһС룬ʧػͷ˿㣺Ǵ󲮺ҫڸǳԺóԵʱ򣬴ûзָѿͽ㻹ﰡ

ѿҧ´û˵
ܸСŮô˵أ

˵ӺŮһ˵ܺʹ󷿵Ķӱȣ˵˼ҵĵ֪ӶŮȴ

Щ̫ʵҲ̫ˣȻ޹ˣȴͬعѣûоͨ˼ҵķദԼϱϵ⡣

ͨļȴ֪û꣬ϵԸ񣬲ô򵥾ͷŹ
ҪôҪôԶѹŲܷҪô뿪ңҲܸıˡ

ӵˣȻԺÿ춼ᷢ

*

Ѽ˹˵ɫ
һٷԵȫ˶ĲѣϾũ˼ѵüٻȣοôһֻ

Ψ־ҲЦ¶˼ǿ

Ѿûʲôˣ󽭶¿ӣЩɩҲǣһôˣͲԣ㻹Ҫǰһ롣

һҧļͷһⲻҲҫҪǰһЩ

󽭻˵ʲôϺ̸ӣ㻹ֶڳԵģ
󽭶ʱ˵ˡ

԰շ󽭱ݣϽסˣ˵л˵˶ظݣͻҶʰо֣־ûߣƺʲô˵

ûǻԥԥյǰ


ʲô£л˵

㿴ѿ֪ˣ㿴ܲܡ

б˶һۣЦҲ֪ˣ֪ԩٲ֪ˣһ״浽ǶȥԺҪҪˣԺ󻹳żˣ


ˣʲôεȷʵ嶯ˡϱΪ㻹ҪִڶҲԹñˡϺüͷ

˵õûʲôƢϷ˻
־͸һצӣð㻹˵Ƕºӣ

Խ˵ԽŤŷֵӾҪȥ˴ϺΪ˭Ϊ˭˵˵Ϊҵ棬ڳ£һƣҾ͸ǰɣǻֱڸӰˡ

ˣ˵˵ʲôڣ

Ϻһѽƿǲź̴˳ȥ
־Լһ仰ˣҲٶ˵ͷԸںҲȥˡ

ʣ󽭺ĸˡ
󽭼ŭڣԼܵǣվûҾͻˡ

Ͽһۣ£˵˵ۿģôԴϱ˵ȴȫһ

￩һ
ȴûֳװһͷӡ

˵ʲôҵȻۿˣһƭ㲻ɣ

Դҵô˵

Ҳ¼Ȼ¶ˣ϶ҪԲȥȻ֪ƭ֪ôʰ

ǻҲԶԶһۣҲûϸﶼô˵ҲŻᡭ˵˵ȥԴϱ̫飬Ǻ˵ģ˵ֻĸǮٶ㶼Ϊưۼֵģ

˵˽Ļ׶ӣ󽭼仰תϵעһĸǮҲûѵˣ󽭼Ȼ֮󼪡

*

˵ϻ¡
ûּңǮǽеģаׯãԼũʱֵܼȥ㹤ãЩӰ˲һһо١

ֵܼҲϴСˣӣƽʱǮѹεøɸɾȻ̫ˡ
νһħһɣżҲһЩ˽ǮҪڴ㹤õĹǮ

Ҳ֪ϴ϶ûôܰǮһֻ۱һֻۣ˵ǲ˽Ǯġ
ҲͻȻǮ˵ϵǣҲš

Զסȥ¡
û߷߶ȥȻϷ¡

ʱ㲻ڣûţǴѿ˻ȥģ־ڰ
Ҫô˵˶ԸӶ·û仰Ͱ־ҵ࣬˵ȥѿ

ѾˣҲѶˡ
־ڿͷڿβмŮ

ʵ뷨û취İ˹һңھôǲ˯ֻв񷿿˯
־ӣܲ־˯һݡ

ҿµĿһ㶼һ˯һʡ˲ٹǺ͵ǡ

Ϩ˴˶û˯
־һһԥԥѿ﷽ĵ£Ҳ֪ۼҵĹء

죡
һƽɤСѿ˯ˣ㲻ᣬǮҪȥˡ

ˣ˺أ־һµ¿ȥƣҸ㿴

һӶˣֿ
ãȥҴ򿴡͵

һ־ʲô׵ء
˲Ǵ£ǻʹǮȥ򣬶뽻

־úͷۣѿֺαһֱţúõĹӲ𣿡

㱻Цˡ
ͻȻһֲ֪˵ʲôźõĸоʵ

ԴһԹ߶ҵһĸпԴĽǣԴһֱǹĪı
ǺߣƺȻˣıȴһֱʱʱ̿̽Ⱦ㣬ͬܡ

νĺúùӣôҵūãһӶңԷʱ˳ԸɣǳϡĸŮ˳ԿڼȽűˣԼԣ

˵˵ȥ㻹ԹѼˣⲻТ

Ϊһֻ
ǣΪֲ̬˵˼붼

ѹϱϱܷһζ˳ӣŴˣҲǶϱȵǸ
صԴбȨûУɵĻ࣬ԵȴҪɫͼҡ

һУԴųԼΪɷ־Ϊ
ΪϲͻҶ

֪ӻҪġ۸ǶԸһˣԸϱȴǶԸһˡ

ɵ
ȻԺϸһ۸

ǰӲ˽ƽ֮ˣӰ̫Ҳ޿ˣ˾·ǰ׵һЩ飬ڶˡ

ҪԼǻһֻٲõũæҳȥ㹤ʱǮĸһֻԡ˵ȥˣҲû˵ʲôˣôȥĻԺ

˼־˿ûвͼ˵û˵ӡ
˾ñǣô룬ŮҲĵġ

־ǰų⣬ԴŮһֱû˵ƽʱɻܻ͵ŰӸɣķԣʡӳԣԸԼԡ

һζ˳ӸĸҲġ

ǡǡ˾ĵطıҲԴڴˣ֪ɷʵǸˣȴıҵ״᲻ߣֻϾ·




9.  ²ĸߣ   ɽꡭ

07

ҿԭٴҡ
Щɳ˻Ͻ͡

֣ΪʲôҿõǮ뽻ҵİΪֱ׳ҪǮ

ҡ

벻־ͲֵģԺܲ˵Ǹµĸܹƽôɩɩһֵ񣬶ǶһԺܱܲܽŴ󷿽ҫڣܲҲѿЩ

ԺúӳȥݣܱܲǽŴѿȥ󷿶ѾͷҲСˣȴѿܲҲЩΪδɩɩ֪źӣΨҺ㲻֪Ժܲܶһģ

һʣʵ־

̧ôԵ鷢Ц㶼ϣǲ˵ǰϰˣҲϰˣŸžǣǵʳǶɵҲûʲôֲˣʲôûһӺͺָã

־ͷһˡ

ΪβǣΪηǵԼţˣǵŮһѵǸѿҲǣǷҵģ

Сѿ۵һ˳
ѿҲˮӯۿѣ

ѿ

ʱӱùӰˡ
˯˯ˣʲô͵ƲǮͰǷ͵Ƹ˵

־Ծ¿͵Ƹˡ
ڰЦ

ƣƶ㣬һ˶ڼ԰׷ģ־㵽ڶȰң

û䣬ǰ
Ҽء

һҲû˵ˣһҹ޻

*

ա
һҹ˯òã־Ҳ˺Ѫ˿ȻҲû˯á

м־һֱͼ˵㶼û
վǰ緹˻˷ԣȥһˣ˵ҪȥϿ

Ҳû˵Ťͷˡ

ǰ̤ţϾ
־ȥһ٣һжûʲôϵѿã̤˼š

һ·ϣٴѯʣ㶼˵ȥϿˡ
ɵ߳ӣȴûϵķߣȥԴķ

ҾԴ壬ҡ
ˮԴ岢Զʮ·̣߹ô·ټԭ飬ֻһЪһ

·˸Ҳ˲಻ʲôģϯ£Ͳˮ

ߵǴ·ûС·
ٲʶȣͨԭļ䣬Ҳ֪Ůһ߲С·

ˮԶĹսһˡ
ԶԶȥֻ֪Ǹܸ꣬ߣݡ

һֲ̺֣ɿ·ӣȴƫƫ˿һֲ֮С
ֲоһϤΪļҲһô·ġ

Ǵӵ߽Ŀ߳⡣
֪ͳһϤķ羰Դ˲ٹ⣬ȴƺ裬ǵ羰ڵʱǻʶȥѰңȴǲɵá

֪Уˮģ˫ۡ

񡭡


ֱԷԽԽЩæĨһϵˮ̧۾ͿԶԷĿ⡣

һ˲䣬
ǴΣ·ƣɽ˲ŷַⲻ񣬾һ㣬֮ܳΪꡣ

ƤܰףĸݣһҺɫĴֲֽ̺֣϶˰Եʮָɾ䡣ƺ˰ѹ仹бһѲ񵶡

Ǹɽˡ

Ϊͨ磬ƶϳԷǸɽˣ⻹Ҫڸ⼸ıһɽ

ɽֻҪĴɽָɽ
Ƭ޾صɽУסһȺɽˡ

һɽƽԭƲЩɽ˵ģΪǶûеأֻܿΪ
ټЩɽƺЩգƽʱżɽﻻȡճ֮ʱЩڽ֮һִЩɽ˶ǿ

ö֮Ͳˡ
ɽˣ뵽ľǡᡢ

Ҳ治һ˫ƽƵ۾ɾɫɫ꣬ƽͶů
ÿ˫۾ʱĶԵظе

ɽȴһ˫̶Ƶ۾䣬Ų⣬״毺õıһ֮С

ַһ£˾Щ졣
ԣԴ죬ԭ

֮ǰԭȥӱϴˣΪԷʵ̫ˣ䣬պ̶ʵڸ粻ԭ࿴ۣ

ĸŮӲȷʵ⣬Ͷ࿴˼ۣȴû뵽ᴫҥԡ

Եʱԭмġ
ǡǡ⼸˶ɫ飬ԭǰ̣ںô¡

ʱٿȥҲʮ˾꣬ȴǶʮͷѼˣӣôһȥġ
ֻ˵ҥԵ̫Ƕˡ

æվȥ־̫ԣֻܵͷԷϽ߹ȥ
ԷҲ߹ȥˣ˿

Ѱ˼ŻǼ·̧ͷͷǰվһˡ

·ûģ

㱻ŵһҪˤ֮ʣһѡ
Էֺܴ޳𪣬ָ޼ú룬ûָܶ׷Զϴɾࡣ

û°ɣ
æֱ۴ӶԷ˳ûû¡

ͷתߣ˿ûȫ³ͷֶԷͣס˽ŲĿЩֹؿ

ʱѾûзôˣϾԭҪʶͱСҲûʲôþġ

㡭ʲô£

Լƺһ˻Щͳ

ɻã


죿ôʳֻ

æڼзңɷм䣬ҲǴκӱϴѵʱһΣûκεĽʣǸİˡ
ĳĬͳɣ꿴ˡ

ĬһĬЩɵɽ˵һЩǴ飬ƺЩϵּޣ֪ǲ¶Ӱ죬Ҫҳͳ壿

壿

Ҳ˵͵ӵĻҥԣ֮һ˵ˣô֪ģЩ߰Ļ˶٣

еһܸ߳Уǵͨ죬ַӦ
ͣǲԽԽڣæҡͷˣǴѾæˣЩӵ˵ûµĻС˾ˡ

⻰ͼˣûһֱĿֱʧ߾ͷ

*

˼һ·
ȥԼʲôȴֱ治Լʲô

ԾУѾԴ塣
Ϊ£ûзֽһ·ϣвٴͶ۹⣬߹ȥʲô

ңҴϱȷġ
ôСʱˣһ裬ƺȥϴѣЩЦЦ

һ
յĿѲһȦƲƲǣȥˡ

˵ţϴ˽
ʮͣ˺ܰ׾һͷҰɫͷԺ˸٣е㷺࣬óǸˣȻϴöˣʮָɾࡣ

һСһ˲Щ죬һĨЦ

˰

оһᣬҲ֪ԼΪλܸоԼǰ˵Ľ֮顣

Щίغһ
ߣȥ˵




10.  ²ĸˣ   ң롭

08

ճĸŮ˽ݣæӷһԣ᷿ϼȥˡ

û˵ʲôҼʲôҲûãûСӵģҵļҾҲÿλҶٿģҲ֪Щ

ϼЩεط˷ۣӦҵĵλӶ̫Źܵ÷ܸʲôҲЩˡ

տɲǰӣӲɲǵ㶫ΪŮТ˳ĸ쾭壬㲻ӣҲТɡ

ϼú˵ɩʲôûбˡ
󷿵ĶģڵĶҲ붼ڻǾ⸱ʲôģ컹Ҫ⸱С

˵÷ɩ˵µǲģûСҲǸˣŪ¡

ϼЩ͵Ը㻹֪˵ҲңƶϹ˵ġ
Ϲ˵ܻᴫǴ˭û˵˵˻ʲôģѵ

˵
ϼҲϹˣսɫ

òģҪؼˣ
㲻˵ʲôûã㱻ݻؼܵô̸ǻɡϼЩ  ȷ

£ô˵Ǿݻؼˣʱĸʲôױֲǲ֪

˵͵һŴȵвУҵȥȥҲȥҶɣҲˣٶһ˳ԷӻôȥмŮٹҪ˵ˣ̯ôһ͵˱ݵСùãô˵ף

ջƨƵ˾ûӰˣϼ룬ôɩ˵ҲûͷҲš

*

ݡ
ûȥ£ڼȥݿۣݵŸˡ

˯أ˵СЩ𳳵
죬ٿϵͷȫ˵лӣʲô׵ء

ҵǶ˵ˣ

϶˶٣ޱߵͷҶʲô£Ը㻹֪ƽʱҲٳţ̺˼أٳ񡭡

֪˵ò⣬ǲ洫͵ӵ£ɩǶ֪ˣ


ЩģǱԶﴫ
ǱúܽһЦݶûУѾҳˣǸҴҲ˳û͵ˡ

Щȷؿ˿ŮŮģʵڲƭˣҲˡ
˺ɫͷࡣ

ܳͺãЩĵ˭Ǻ˲ǳûûӰҲܵ˵ⲻǺ

˵ǲ㣬ɱǲǵҲ֪ˣǼȻ֪ҳ£ûҪȥң
⻰ʱϽӲϻˡ

˵û˵´˶һСķ粨ϲŮöȥϴ϶ԸȥӶˡ
СҲСܵȥȴͯסˡ

ͯ˵޳ȥŮóȥˮ£ͲҵŮ׼κȥ͵ûˡ

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֮ǰĴ뷨ܳ
ͻȻЩȷˡ

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ͯ

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ʮͣһɫѾܾɵģ߽Ƕϴ÷ס˺ݣ°һɽϣԵͶյ
ɫܲãзڣʾԲ״̬

ûֶ˵£ȻǼãŮٻңҲ˷顣

Цɡ

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ûˡͯü

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ͯͽȥȥ˲裬˽ȥʱƺɷ˵˼仰ŸֻŮ˵

Ƣǣϲ˵ȻҾɩȥ˷ЪһЪߡ

ͷ죬û˵
ϼģȴҲ֪˵ʲôźãֻܳȥöϱ֪պϼڣԼȥ

˻պϼˣ˵ɷȴûлջ˵粻Էˣ˽æ
ƺȥ˭ԼźȾȥˣҲ

緹ܿ׼ˣû緹
ϲ֪ʶһɽˣѧִԵı£ӾżңĴӡ

˵ʵеģΪͨԭļ䣬ͯǸرעˣСʱᱻ˹ģȻӽύɽˣ
ɿ˵̬ȣƺǶ֪ûżˡ

ǿŮĲ죬ԥһ£ҲΪĲ֪ģҲܸӡ

ˣ첡ͬģֲβϸģֻҪƽʱעЩһǲᴫȾġ
ֲֽи󲡣Ҳ˵úöš

˼ңʲôöνĺöҲǳԿˡĿǰּҾһҲܳһ⣬Ȼû취
ҲͽͯΪλύɽˡ

ǷֿԵģеĹء
úպϼͰѷˣŸԵĺԣϺһԡ

ŮѵûһΣרȥڸˣϧ˲Ÿãûͯкˣö˵ȥ

Դͯ˸Ƶġ
ҪڳԵķ棬ر̰ԣö

ʵҲǲֵġ˽ϲֹһô˵
ΪȻպϼǲ˵ģϼҲͰգ֪ڣյĲֱӹϵġ

㿴Ͽ˾ͺûһﲻ̾˿

ϻҪ̺ͯԷʱʱҪȥݣٷʵҲ൱һ˳Եġ
극ϰĴʰһ¡

ƼϱֵˣϾֻ̺ͯʵһ
ͯĳԺϴ¡ֲٳ֡ͯԼܶܳݣΪ˲ȾǣҲֻ¶æˡ

һæͷ󺹣ȴûбԹһ䡣
ֻок֮ǰΪ޵̬ȶίУ嵭ˡ

˯ɣ˯ߡ˵

ͷϸ˱죬ַźͷ
ǸɾģմӿóһûùԼ̸ھŮЩԶλ̺¡

ԴͯǸϾͲٸ׽ˣ꣬Ҳֻٳӵʱͷ

ĸŮŵľţƺ˯ˣƺû˯š
ʱʱᴫͯĿǿһ˶ϰߣɿϵĸŮȴϰˡ

ûΪɣ

û£ֵϱţôģ̻ʱ򣬲ҲǿҴ˳ۣľû治ȵʱֻҪʵĺã϶׵ġ

Һ־롭

һµЩŵĿѾͷô˼㲻˵Ѿ˵ˣѵǱ߻Ų㣿




11.  ²ĸţ   ܣ

09

ҪңԼˡ

ϵứ¾ͳˣһݵֻʣһѹͷŮ۵Ħţ֪ܿˣҲû˸綼̫עӣҲܣá

ҡ
̣̣㲻ԼѿСѿŮкӹ˵Ҳ϶ԸʹҲֻ޵壬ۼҳݸġ

Ļȥúùӣ̼꣬־ޣӾܺùˡ

˳ܣܴһܵϵӰ졣

Ǵ
ϴ

ûΪµˣӹżβ㻹ܺҲɣ

ֻš

벻ǴڶݺΪݾҲܹúܺãȻһж˵ǲʵʵġ

־ǺӶҲ֪㲻ãÿۼҶæɻÿգĻһʱۼңҲҪǿģ㿴Ҳúù

У֪˵Щʲô
ʱݵͻȻѵһƿˡ

ͷһҵĿͯſȵ÷ζҪˣɫ죬Ŀѡ
ϻŵòӣ˿Ьûܹȥ

ͷӣôˣǧ
ҹ

ͯûðű仰
ûô֪߳ܵĶ

ô֪߳ˣѵǲ֪߳ܣûס

Ůӵһգɷڣ뱳˵֮Ѿ壬ƭģָǿĸҰӣ͵ˣֳôϽҹ

ҵģǵģˡ
ϿͯȴΡΡҪȥùӴ㡣

ǸûСϼ
ͷӣˣûʱжɣֲǲ֪

ۼֵһƬɿȴûһ˽
˱۾˿

ңԼߡ



˵ͷӣ㵽ʲô

ǵӰԺţŲŴˡ
պϼ˸񣬿˿ϺָϽŸˡ

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һоôˣΪʲôҪֵطӹһ壬ô಻ܵ顣

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ˣпֻţû֮ǰټѵĴ֪ԼһˣҲãǱǡ

иоֻԼһˣЩӭģЩԵġ
û˿ˣֻʣԼˡ

˫رԼǶÿһվߡ
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ǸޱȵĶǰ͵ȵѾ߶ᴩЬ½ţˡ

㣬㡭

Զܹһ꣬ʮͣɫĶ̺֣һͷҷͷ
ϱһ¨ڿףһϵİ׾Ƥһ겻̫һ

̫ˣԵúܵ
ʵҲֳˣһμűСͷһȴ߳һͷжࡣ

һ֮ǰˡ

㣬ôˣôˣ˭ˣǲؼ˵ʲôĻվ׷ʵ

·ͨԴ壬վޣ˵϶ڼί

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ͨ죬ŲӾҪߡ
סȥˣǡ

ǣ˭ѵǵ

ܿϵͯϡʵò̫ģҲΨ˵ϱ˼е࣬СҲࡣ

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Ϊʲô㣬ѵΪ֮ǰ£Ǹظģ˵£Ҿȥˣɵȥɩ˵ûʲôµģ˵ۼȥˣǰ顭ұȥ㡭

ᵽ֮ǰʱûзԱ˶Щˡ
㣬ͷĨĨ֮ǰûϵҸ˵ˣ˵ҲǴֹ

ȻǾͺá֪֪˭Ҵģ˲ܷŹøѵȭͷ޷޵

һů󣬵һǷǶԴվߵˡ
ԭ͸ãôС˽ô࣬Сʱæչɷ򣬶һִġ

˵ǽܣȴʤĸӡ

Ѫ׽ҲĨһۣ㿴㣬ԽԽˣɱ˶磬Ѿˣܡ

Ҳûл죬ҾǼ۸㣬Щˡ

һң˵ˡ
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ô򵥣¶һĨЦ˶һۣǣ

ˣڸ˶һۡ

˲Ǳˣ֮ǰ·Ǹɽ꣬Ҳҥеһǡ
ͤ

ͷЩȻңǸˣǹͤ磬ʦɣͤ˵ͽͤԵرãҲãҸѧ˲ٶڶЩɽʲôˡ

һһãԹͤĹ۸ˣĽִݣǰʦֵĴڡ
ɴͤʵûд٣㿴⻹Ǹ꣬Ҳֻʮ˾ӡ

ͤ΢΢ǣһۣˣʵûʲôԼʴϻۣѧʲôܿ졣
㴹üĿҪлŹӶԼҵܵչˡ

ԣŹӣʲôʱ˵ôˣʲôӣͤǱС꣬йŴ粻ʣСЩֵֹġ

ߣھʲôƺʣǱ͹ͤһ¡
㣬ûԼ˵ķʽ̫ԭݡ

ԭĵǸͯͯŰظʲôŮ޲űǵ£ԭҲϵü֡

ô˵ſ˵ЩʵҲݣֻΪиͯĵ˾Ҳͻأǲܽܣһ׽˾ԭα¶ˡ
ֱð亹һζԼԺҪС

ͤͻȻͽйͤɡ
ԣһۣýͦʵġ

˵˼л뿪˼ʵйܾͤ꣬þִ١
ܵܽãƫƫֳָԷ֪ˣԷ֪Ĵ塣

͵ӣֻҪһ뵽ʣ;ûš

Ҫؼңûһ˵̧֮ͻȻһ˫̶Ƶ۾
һŶԷڿȴ־뷨̫ЦȻٿȥԷѾƿˡ

ֻ󣬻һֻɽ˹ͤ磬һˡ
ذɣҲҪȥˡ

ɽ㡭ʣµĻû˵е˼ˣҪң

ɲô죿
ҲһҵŮдѿСѿðŮң

˵ıԣǱ룬ҲޣͷԺָô
ЩҪǵʵ⣬ȻҲ˲٣û˵ʲôýֻܻؼҾǵɵ

һʱἱһȻȥˣѿڼȶˣ͸ϽȥɣйͤЩڵ죬ȻſˣȥɡԽĿ




12.  ²ĸʮ   ˸

10

ͤһۡ
㣬㲻òģ֪ģǹͤ粻̫ϲ˵ȥۼҲڣ˵Ҫظϡ

Ǻðɣˡ

˱Թͤͷ̤ϻس̵·
һֱŽԶȥıӰûзߵʵҲĿţް䣬ƺźܶණ

û£Ժ˴ǮͰҽҽӳһӣκ˶۸ȭͷ

ͤû˵
ʵѾϰ˹ͤĹ͹ͤʶڶ֪ͤȻȴǸˡ

ǺˣҲΪս

ͤ磬˵ҽܺʵڲܺ룬һûӣǱ߲ˡ

ͤͫӽ峺㲻ҪԼѹ̫⡣
֪£ʵ˶͸

ΪԶ£û˵
ǰ˾ҪֵˣԼ´μʱ䣬˴ӣͤĽŲ˶٣ת̤Ϸ߹·

*

һ·ϣܸоںԼ
·Ҳ۲ûиʲôˡ

Ϊвس̵ʱߵúܿ죬˴ڷɽ񾭡
ͤĿӰ˴壬ջĿ⡣

룬²һתȥ˴β

ƽʱǴѷŸʱò˵նѣдԼء
ͤ˸ɾնѣ˸ӣɽȥĿһֱֵһ뿪̤ҹɫ˴ׯ

ʱԴļӵɫƣֳ˾ɲ
ԴϱŴһ̣Ǳϱץ˺üѪӣۿȻû˯á

˵˻᲻

仰ԴϱѾ߶߶˲ʮˣԴǷ꣬˿ں˭˵ǵǣôţǻ

˵ţƲŽޣԴϱʲôҲ˵ֻĬĬᡣ

û֪Դϱǰͱвˡ
Ҳϵʱҹ򼱣ΪûС裬ȥ溵޷㡣

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һĵ¹ҫ·۲⣬ɭ䣬ôֱܸܵļϡ

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ձײʹ־ϱںӱߵǸɽˡ

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˶ˣ;Ǹܿ£ٶ࿴һֻۣʶӡ
ǻصŷӦ

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ҪǱʪĿ/ѣΪԼĻþ

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˵ˣԴϱǸ£ֱˡҲ弸䣬ûһţִֻˣ˵
֪־ϱϵŵòᣬü춼ҳš

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ʵԸ˵ʧֻĸǮһ˶ܴѵðѹȻŹﻹʡĵ沣ΪɷԼֻʵʵ˵

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ҲǸѰҹ

϶
Ҫ˯ɣٵȵȡԴϱ߶߶˵Դ·ԵЩʡ

ԴûصһۣЬϿ
ԴϱоЩڿʣվȥˮȣתͿֽͻȻһӰ

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Դ󱻾һµӿԴϱƴԼ졣
˾긦ŷӰ֪ʱʧˡ

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֪ΪνŲԵЩǣŲԽԽأƺܳӡ

ͤƺԼ̣
ˮԽԽ࣬˳ŶͷѶ£ʪ³һصزһ£ŲŲ

ʵϸܿƺڳʲôδ֪ʹࡣ
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ͤţԺûκλӦֻһһţĬš

صǸնѣǸطѵءص˻ȥ

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ƻͨ滹ʱʱǳЦΪӻжξģҲŲ

Ѿ˺üˣӿҶƣվ
Ա˴ȤĶĶ˵ô䲻ˣǱۣ˾Ȥӣҡҡλνݡ

ڸ˽
ôãþͱˣȥȵ

÷ĿƤڣͷߣʮֿʵͦףһ˵һЦǲᡣ

û˵Ťͷȥˡ
ʱֻ϶

ֽڿ̯˿һըĻףһǰֻ±⻹һƿƺ˫ӣˡ

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˾ˣô

Ҫǻ棬Ҫҽ֪ء󽭻鲻䣬Цص

󽭷бһۣӲûҪ˵ûö٣ӽӶ١

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ȴƺֵòûжڶһ߳ţüͷȴ

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⻰һۣͷֳ˼ڣŵҷĵ⡣

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ô˵ᶯͷΪ֪ɩǸױģݵһ֪ӱƼҲҧˡ
Ҳβ֪ʵɩȻݲţЩ˼ǰ״

˵Ǯһ·ӡ㿴ӹöǿɽԴԴϸԼǮ




13.  ²ĸʮһ   ʮ硭

11

һ˵ĿƳ档
Ҳſ˹ȥ

ǶȣԺؿһϵİ̬
ѵôسˣشһеѣϧ˳̫ᡣ

̳ƵԴ̴ֵĲӣһԵбۡ

ɼܲסǮ

ʵǰҲǸţ˸ѸþֻʣӣȻҲȢϱ
ɲ֪ʲôʱ˾ͷˣһǰ˷ӣȢ˸ƯСϱ

˵سﻹ˷ӣֻΪﲻסһӻס¡
˵ǵʲô˵ʶ˵Сĵϸڡ

Ҫ֪ǰûԸմʱڲܻڷԣ˲ĵϸڲ֪ܲ

˵ˣ׬ɥĵǮ
һ켣ĶķһҲ֪ʲôʱͿʼļƦһ

Ȣ˸СϱģòǸˣƺԶȢġ
ʼ˻ΪСĪѧ˰ɣɽžͲôˡ

Լ첻żңϱҲżңСϱԽԽڣͱڸˡ

һپ¶ǣСȫˡ
ǸСϱȢϱʵҲ˵ǲ㣬ֻСϱϱȥ׬ƤǮ

ҲȥǹᣬѰһƫƧĵطӣͲԴ

ⲻǳͷ˵ǰǰǸˣ˸ϱ˿ɷ޸ֻôЩָ֪ϱá

治ð죬㿴رȵģ·˲ҲˣɩǸģ̫׺󡣡
鷳ƣͷˮ̣Ծ¶е뷨

ڵĿĿָƺͿˣһǮ·ӰǰúãԸŮ˿ɲңŮ²㣬Ҫǻس

һ˵һ죬ʮ˶˭֪ҪǱǸˣǡ

ʲôʡ
ס飬Цȴû۵ףȥ÷ãܰȢȥ֪ɷ˶ٴĺ

󽭵ûԾҲǻС
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ƺɩ֦չˣ񲻰֣ɶɶУɶɶӶǸ²ĸ

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˼͵͵شɩٴΣ˵治˒Ҳȥسǻһˡ

ǰܰ˰Ū
Ϊʮþȣ˭֪ȴûݵϱ˼

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֮ǰ󽭳ʱΪȥ̣Ǯһһûţ־ȥ󶼱˳

ûݵɩҸ˵Щʲô̸ˣһڡ

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һӣﻹʮĶϵȵأȱ׳ɻһֱعҲû˼ȱϱôһղá

󽭱˵һһ㶵ģɻҼҵôôģô֪СѸ˵ģ

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ʵҲǷôǮǹܲס֣ѡ

ڼ˽ӵ£ʮ綼֪£кû¾͹ˣΪСҲû£󽭾Ϊ汻˴ġ

մ϶ĵ˶񫣬󽭾ǡ
Ҳû¸ɣпվ͹ˣҲҸ˵ֻ˵Ĵˣˣƽʱǧ˳굽Ǯͷûô˵ˡ

ʼҪǮҲɼܲס䡣
˾̱ҶʶҲ֪֪ףƽʱͷǮģôһȥ󽭾ԽǷԽࡣ

ܲһֱǷŲⲻͶ˼

Ҿ˵ôһ죬ԼĥɣȻҲ֪ĹأڷԲף֪ҿŲԣʵҵ׶ʵأֶȥ϶飬ʲôʱһ壬ҲһҪŷ¡

ʼգڶЦе˵˼ȴ󽭱ɫ
Ҳǽģ˭ɫ뷢̧ͷЦδ۵׵۾ȴһ

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ѿظߡ

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ȫ̻ҶֻǱܿԺΣˤˤ򣬵û

֮ǰϱһˣҲ֪˵ʲôҲЩΪ˵Ȱ⻰
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ߺڲˣһֱﵽڡ

Ҳ˼ӳأȻϻƨɣգ˵ءȰ

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СûȱӣûбҪӵĸΪСţԴסһнϵȣҪʲôˣԸһھȥô׬ӡ

ͨԭļ䣬ֻܵóµĸûʲô·׬ǮģǸڼιӣƽʱٿժҰˡݣũæʱȥɻ

һԭԴи˹ǼҴջ壬ȥӵ
Ϳգһ˵ӹüΪ⸾ҲǸ帾ΪĽĶ󣬶˵ΪգżҶˡ

幤ȴá




14.  ²ĸʮ   ʱǡ

12

˶ԴǫãʵʲôǼӵȶȡ
˵꣬ȴûʲôģ׾Ͱ;ϡ

ͺñɣ̫Ҳ̫ѰʱܻԼҵ

߸ӣǧ֬Դסͱģԭ߹ׯй֮ĵط䲻ܿ˸ǧսǴ˸ԣЦԷǡ

⼸͸忸ˡ
ֻаŵèǲ˹èƷ֣Ҳ֪ĶŪƵġ

ǺϲĶš

Ҳ֪ôͻҪѰҪԼ֡
ѾһƥˣҲŪ߰㣬ٺԱʰ̯ӣ˵ί

߽ͿһĻ

úòãϥڿϵͷ˵ûŮѱˣʹɫ

߹ض¡


滹ؿ˿ܾĶЩԣٺ鶼˵ռǡ

Ĳɷµָȷʵǰ࣬èĺ룬ɡ

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ֱһΰ磬¡ƽҲˡ

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ʱҲڣ¡ƽĺɰǲ죬ǲФΪ

ʱʮʱФ֮࣬Ժɫа
ǺɰɫΪóõϵƶƣ幤ͺܲˣԵľֻŤŤģҲǼ뿴

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ʵ˺ܾúܾȥ䡪õɰȴһ㶼ûӣʱ͹ϡ

ûȡ

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ʱѾʰɾˣȴ߬ǸĥúܾɵĺɰôҲ

ڰУ㵥ָ棬ˮ˳۽ǻ䡣
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ˮ󷿵ŴˣվŹǷã⼸춼Ҹɩ緹

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ѿСѿҲˣѿǸܶµĺӣƽʱôϴģʰ꣬СѿԺ棬Լջ

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㿳Ϳ񣬻ܸݣļҸݻ׳Ҳ±ЦѾͷƬӣҲƽʱԱ˾֪档

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¹߳ǰ

ɩɩ÷û˵ûˣ֮ǰǴѿСѿȥģҲŴ÷ˡ˵ˣѾͷƬӣƽʱԱ˾֪档
˵꣬Դѿֵջ𡣡

ĸŮֻˡ
ϱ˸־Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻŲ֨

ƺǺӲͻҶú
һŴˣĴͱСĴ÷죬Ըӣڸĺ档

һߴˮҨˮһ߿˵㻹ǸѾͷ˼Ҵѿ֪ɻôôѾͷ

Ҷʹ÷һۣĸŮû֨
ίˣۿµĶĶˣ

˵СĴѿ磬˵㲻

һʱ䣬ԺＦɹȫŮ

ѿе㲻ؿһۡ
ǣ־֡

һֱ緹ʱôָɣڲͣ£ѷú󣬾ͰĸŮ˵ķ˻ˣûһԡ

԰շµصµأȥĿ
ûˣϱԹͲܹܣ

Ϸ۵ôܣ˵ϱʱ
µһϣŴͳȥˣ֮к÷һȥݣɤźͶ

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㡣

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ŵ˼ǸˣѾ֪ʲôˣĿǰԺ󻹿ô

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ѿȥˮСѿž˾˵ȲֱЦŰϣĲˡ

ˣؼ㡣
ɻ㣬ʲô£¾˵Ұ졣Ĳۺţһʲôܸɵӡ

㱻ЦˣʵҲʲô£Ҿʸʲôطҵ


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Ψһ뵽׬Ǯķӡۡ֬

Ůͨʫʸ踳ʫʲôһ£ЩҺȴûʲôá
ǲʶȣׯﶼֲ壬޸֮ǰ㻹ڹʱΪ˸ԼѰЩȤʱ䣬ڹٶ

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һŮٻ֬ˮۣԼҹŷطһɾ棬ҲǹŷЧ

㻹ŵʱ˭˲Ľһ˪ѩƤӡ

ⶫģ
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вٻ׹ݼҵŮĽֹҲ͹ˣܺ

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ǰкܶģʮҲǳʵ֮ңĶСҲǸ
ֻϧòҲƵĺͿƾٹˣںҵ䡣

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ˣ뵽һҪ룬ӡ
һʱ˵һ˵룬ϾͿˣܶ໨лˣǴ岻һôû뵽磿

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Ұ𣿡ͻȻʡ
Ұһ㶡

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ʶٺǸйͤ곶ϹϵһҹģɣԺͲٷûӣ뿪ҵĺҲа

ô룬˵ͷ




15.  ²ĸʮ   ﲻҪ˵

12

˻ĻҪߡ

緹ߡ
˵ˡ

֪ܲܵʲôǸŵģҲǿԭңƽʱŴ

Ҳͯϲţ֪ǸѲģǵ򲻵ѣš
ż㣬Ҳʹ

ǰСǸСӣԭԸųƤֱŲҲֻܷܵºԼޡ
Ҳ۽㣬ӲΪѣ״

ˣǶ㡣
㿴Ը̴ȣûĵߣԴ磬˵ΪŲȵĵߡ

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˼ǺţҲϲ塣

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仹˰ѵ

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Ҳʮּ򵥣ƺƤģҲǺɫ

˵ƽƽ棬Ŀȴǵͣһ¡
䲻ʶȴо⵶ĲͬѰ֮󲻿ɱͿڶ̵£ϸݵȵ

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ӺݻŮС˴˵ѣʱûοϣֻСŴӻƷȹ¸߸СŸճԱĶӣ˷ЦС

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㻰أô˵

㰭ڷڣתͷȻûԵˣĿһֱ𪽿εϡ
ıԹӣõһ

ջĿ⣬Ц֣ūŷƫһЩ
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̫еɫԲż򵥵İƣƽƽ棬ΪݵΣԵøĿ

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֮ϸ䲻ڿٱҲ񣬷׿Խ

Ϊôϸܾñһϸе㼵ʵ
١ڴЦȾһ㱡ĺϼ

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ΪҲ֪㾭ͱƭҡһҪҲ˲Цˣæ

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һԴȤҪǲ˴ӡ

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˹

ٿ㣬ҹšԹ
Σֻǰ߽ЩѾָģϸܿĶ⡣

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رȻ˼£ǻȻĶѾȫ͸ˣһ

ͻȻŮһҺûΪʲôҵϸ
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ͷϲĿ⼫Ϊ棬ƺҪ⸱ͫ



㣬ͤ磬ôˣôҲ˵Ҳߣźʵ
Żعæ۵ˡ

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ϡ

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ͣסŲԾ㲻ɽҡ

ͤһУɽ·졣
ɡ

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˵㻹ʲô˵ģ
ȵ˸÷ֵʱԴ壬ǰߡ

ʵԴɽ·ûԶҲ˽ʱڼͤ治࣬ȴˡ
Ъһɡ




16.  ²ĸʮģ   ֪ǡ

14

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е㷢㶣ΪҲһ㶯ôϸģǺܶ¶ǰͷǰͷ
ʹ۲ۣ˵ְ̺

ɺȥ˶ȥ˾֮࣬Ȩı̫࣬ôġ
ƺΪȻƺϰߡ

ʱżʽ΢ǽûٶ˼˰Ϣݵ˵ᡣ
Ҳ治ᡣ

ٺԴ˵ǶŻʺһָĶĶŻʺӣ޲ͷɾˡ
⻰Ϊ˿š

һ΢ѹȴЩɻ
ƹͤȻɷһ¡ƺһ߳䳤۵ˣʶȥʯͷϵĻңȴԼûӣΪȥ

Ҳۡͤ

ең߹ȥ£ͷ˲ϵĺŰĿͶԶϢꡣ

ǶֻܿĲĶָ̺պ¶޳ľӺ͹ĺᣬĵֶһЩ֮

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ԼħˣҲЩƵŻῴ˭

Ъһͤ߰ɣ
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һ̲סǲߴ·ˣô·ߣС·
ͤͻȻͣ½Ųûзһͷײıϡ

ûˤȥҿͤסͷűײ۵ıӣ̧̧ͤ ˻ȥ
С·ߵ٣ײˡ

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ͤһۣתǰ

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мЪΣ̧ͤͷ˿죬Ѿٽˣͷټһ¾еطϢ

㱾ЩɻһˮƹŴӳ۵׵һЩϵĻ档

֪ӺδɽȪ㼯һϪԶʶȥԶһڶϵľݡ
Ƕ´Ȼγɣһ濿ɽڣλûпȥ·һֱ߽˲ŷһ̨ס

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ӺŮӵһչɣһ̤ȥģҪ

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һֻƺܿͬĴӣԶԶضţܴ̬ϡһ˿ĵζ

ģ

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ֳ嶯ͳˡ
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ɽ˶֪ǿǵģֻΪûܶϱȢ

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ˡ

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ûзֹ֦֣ͤյúֱܽǲһ죬ջͶӰĿ⡣




17.  ²ĸʮ壩   ӣ¡

15

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Ȼ̺ͬ˵ģŮֻѡŮ˶ʮܷŻң̫һ빬һһΪ̫λ΢ǶģԼƲԼ

С̫ͷйµģµС̫ͷϻд̫̫࣬ͷϻиɵүүڡ
һ߰ʵһѹһ㡣

СӣӣΪ˭أûͷ뻻˳ͬͬ⣡

ԼĪʮС̫࣬ݵöС̣ȴΧһͬݵСƵС̫š
ǱߴţΧмС̫දҲ˻վţֻǸˡ

ڸʲô
ͻȻһǳէȻ𣬾⼸С̫ʱɢ״

ʱһˣôô۸һˡ
ǸŮͯģƺǣ̵ġ

ܵС̫Ǽÿһ㣬ʹ˭ʶʺֶŮְ
˵ְĹ£һ춼˵꣬Զ֮Ǹ֮Ů߹׹ùǻʺױ̫ӣżҲŸ

Ǹڹȹ

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㿴ţһʱҲֻ֪֣תȥѰױ˳

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˳ңָķһ˲ľɫɽ֮䣬ȫǻ

ҰɫĶУ·һƬ

һʱ䣬ϲƷ֣ȴϲΪкɫĻġ
ɽѾһܹȥˣƺϤ˽Ծ͵ش˸ѹ˴ƬĻ֦

Щۣæ˹ȥкͤ죬סɽ
ܵõײײıӰͤһ㱣¶һĨЦŹȥˡ




18.  ²ĸʮ壩   ǸСá

16

һ˱ɽˣʱȫ˲˵
˺ܶ໨ͤ¨ܿװһ롣

ﾹȻкշľʱӦл˲ŶԡһƬ̺죬ܼܿ

ͤڵϵһ껨ʰŽ¨
ɽ治һǺշľдãָָԶĻԡ

㼤ֱͷշľ֬ĲϣȻƷֺѰ֬زȱǰʱ򶼻ף

˵ͻȻҲʶԼ˵ˡæ̧ͷȥͤƺûвСС˿

⻨ױ棬žܷһհɣͤ

ղµѣ֦ҶһĻǿԶżգǡʲô׼ûУ˵֬ʵȷɽǷԼҪĻԼ֬һЩϺ͹߶Ҫ׼

ƺϵɫֵͤǾȷţҿ⻨ӣӦûܼʮҡ

ͷ˵еǵһȥ׼öʱһǽ쿼ǲܣôЩЩ̣ˡ

Щϧؿ˿¨ЩΪԼĳ嶯еա

ллͤ
ͤͷлʲô

лôԶ·Щ֬ɣҲҪһݹ͡

ͤ΢ǣЦˣȺСлǳĽ㡭ճڣһ˿Եİա

ȻǸЦˣЦظ
֮ܶҪллˡ

*

ͤԤвûдȻ֮س̵·ϣ̬˱仯
н˼ַɡ

ҲԼ֮ǰħˣͬͱС˼꣬αذ֮ǰЩԣԼԼĪ˼еִ٣һꡣ

Цʱ
֮ǰͤһ㵹ǿʲôɷۿЦһ£һִէ֮Уһ˿ΪЦ˶յС

ʶǸ꣬ϲţֻƽʱӴ٣ĮˣǸ꣬Щ

س̵·ߵһ룬̫Ѿб
Ϊ׼֮ͤ˵ܸϻزȥˣҲû˵ʲô

ҽӵִŻҵĻӣһղҲʲô¡

̫ɽ֮ǰ˸ϻľݡ
ǿ⣬ӹ֪ͤף㻹רһࡣ

Ǻܷʢһ٣԰շ˾ʹ˯ˣ˯ֻһ䣬Ҳֻһţͤóױ죬һףһȥ档

չ̴ֱºѹѹñ¡
ԭļ䣬׾жϳһӣûʹùġ

̸ͤǹҪǻһЩԥ
ش𣺡á

±ӰɣǲǴõģóãЩ̣ˡ

Աᣬڻ
ز޻޻ֲͣһȫµı컨ߣܶ˼ִֻӣŻ׼һµ졣

⻹ǼҾġе˼Ӷò𣬶ǱЩƲ͵ݡ
ԭһõı죬ǵŴ־ʱģÿ궼ϴɹΪͷþˣ޻Ӳˡ

ԹͤôµøãȻΪչѴԺõı춼óˡ
ϾͤҲСˣ׿ܾڽһ꣬ǰ׼Ҳ

û˵ΪûٿʱĹͤ˵ˡ
ûףǸõġ

һ˿գǲľܾˣֻܲٶ˵
̺ˣѵȥ̲ס淭˸Եطһ̾



ԭõӶӲˣҲӲÿ𴲺󶼻ᱳʹ
Ǵ

һжª㾹ֻصٹŷﴲϵĸо

󣬲ŷĺܰ

ûƣֻһյ͵ɢλɫĹ⣬нͷ
͵Ƶͨһоղ˶õԼˡ

£һһƬڰ֮С
ֲָֺڣʶеţͤ

һ

ʵùͤѵƵȼģҲͤǸɽˣ˵ĸͲˣȫԼԼ
ҪͣҪЩ죬һѾˣһǮѵӢۺûʲô˵ĵ

ͤѵƵȼ洫һ
ͤ˯ţҪ˵˵ɣ

ͣ¶Ĭ˻ȥ
˵ʲô

Ҫҽɽ£˵ɽˣһ·ƺûʲôˡЩСƺܾ

ڰУû֪Įüۣɫᡣ
ǸСº۽ȴִܶˡ

֮ûˣΪǻɽΧҪǸطҵĽųҪһ롭

*

Ҳ֪ԼǺʱ˯ŵģͼǵúڰйͤ˵˺ܶܶ໰
Ѿˡ

æѣȥֹͤˣԺŵʲô

΢һɽɽƣĿ֮ɫԵòԴΡ
ķЩʪƺܾˣͻȻһ粻˼֮У·зǳȥ

гԵģǾ͸·
ͤĳݸһЦת

֮·˵ǵĽų̣ȳɽѾǿˡ
ǱС··ͤʶ;ӣǲǾС·

ֿĵطˣԶԶ߹¶ϲɫ˹

һΪʲôء
ô⣿

ͬʱ
ǹͤȵģ˵ʱ

Щ죬ǲܾͤ׼㵽ʱ䣬ΪܾĶЩֵֹġ
ͤû˵ϲ£ǺʱǸϲˣٽмΪ·Щǵ·ֹ̣ͤǹĸо

ת뵽һ·ͤչˣ־ԼǲСˡ

˱͸ܵһˡ·ϣŴӵܵܿе֪һжǹͤͰźõģţҡ
׵κԹ֮ģֻʣ˸жǵС۵Ķ뷨Ȼ֮Ժ

صʱ˶ڡ
־æӭ˳


򣬡㣬㣬Ȼȥˡ

ˣԷɡ־
ˣﻹ¡

ʼɫǳ䵭ߺ־ֹؿһۣƺ˵ʲôȴֹ˼Ժﻹбˡ

ѿӭ
ӻˣƲ־ûҲˣ˸ûƵġ

־͵ش˴ۣҲû˵Žˡ

һӣ˭Ƶġ
ˣ˵һ䣡

־ֺ㣬ú󲻵㿪ڣȥѷʢͻݡ
ŷߺϵڵס

óϲˣԷĹϸⰲ־ûƵģ԰շִҴһˡ
Цһϳվһѽˡ

һٷԵòɢ˶ˣϺϿ˯󽭰Ͻн˵
ɩǴ㲻ôˣ˭Ӷ˦

ϵڳһƬŶϱҪǿŶûô˼ˡ

Թ磬˵ҪҵĹŮⳤúʲôãƸҪøߣ̯ôһˣԺ󻹲֪ôѪƸռ޹ǻҪҹܵĽۼҵĶǼ˸ȥˡĴУ˾ഹͷ˭ڹˡ

ϲ˵һֱԹҹϱͲҹţ֪ôҾͿǸֵĶװʵŻˣһ״浽ǶһӶŶڻѧ˻Ҹż˦ӡ

ϱҲǸ첻ߣ˵һЦ˭˼ʲôΪãҲû˼ҷ磬ҵļҷֵõָָ㣿




19.  ²ĸʮ   ˡ͡

17

һͨƿڴǵˡ

æȥͷ£ô죿ôͷҰҳûϱô˵綼ȢϱԺȢϱϱҪǸҸһɫҾʹ

һůͣĸҲ֪ˣ⡣
ĨƵģһô졪˵ֺô죿ϱˣҲҲÿӡ

ѵûˣٸһɩ
˻

һ㶣Ϲ˵úõĻʲô˵ȢϱҪӣۼҵֲǲ֪ҫǶÿҪôЩӣΪ⣬һֱûܹȢϱǮ궼ʮˣϱûȢϣﲻ˵ջǵģٰ˸ȢһǲȢϱˣ

Ц˵ߣҲǿΪɩˡȢϱżʲôʱȢۼֲȢϱ˼ңҲЦҾǵ

Цеһ£ɵСӣ˵ȢϱĻҪȢȶũˣĴȡͰϱȢ

˵ԼڸûȢϱ£ͼＸŮ˳ıҵ۾֪ȢϱʲôҪŲͷ

⻰϶˵װԥһ£ʵ˵⻰Ҳͷ
ͷ

󽭵ͷ֪Ѷ࣬ǰѸ˵˼£˵иСϱɷû꣬ûбݣҲһ߷ʮĶϵ

룬ʮĶϵ۲Ҳ֪ĶðһԳɷֵˣûҴҪѶӹ̹ȥЩҲСѸûˣҲûͼˣĴ˸ļޡ

ϱΪЦ˵ôϸ£ȻЦ
ĥʮĶϵȵأǵǲ٣ۼȻҲжʮĶأϵȵȴࡣ˵ģòƭɵСӰɣ

ôƭˣ˼˵ˣ⣬ѰӾԼ࿴࿴ôȥȢټ޵ġ˵СѸиŮѿҲȥ˵ⲻ뵽ˡ

磿绹ϱӣϺܿͷӦˣƣۣС˵˵ȥȢ

װȥ㣬ȴƤЦɲѰ˼ģҲǿΪɩ㱾ͲϲٻԼѵãôأɾͲȢϱˣȢ˸ޡ

˵ûϹ˵ôԸޣɩǱƽʱҪޣǱ߿϶ưոݡ

ҪôˣҲֻ˵˵

*

Ҳ֪̲Բδ˵
ɺ϶˼Ϊʱ󽭼ΣŮɶ˭ʲô

ֻ˵ûϸʣҪȥ˲֪ʵԼֵ̫ԣϷֶ

һͷ־ֺһֱȡ䵭̬ȣ־Ǹڱ׾ģһֱš

һ죬һˣš
ȾԼõģ֬Ҫ׼Ϻ͹ߣ治Ϥõܵͬ

˭֪˴壬ֿ˹ͤ
ĽͲ֪ҪĶûУܻȥͤΪȥҪϤ

̲֮ϸ˵Ҳͤ˹Ϊװ֬СɺУ֪Ķɹͤȴʶ;ȥһҺƫƧӣǮҲ󣬹ؼǶԷɢ

Ǯȫ⣬ܵһٶҲá
ͤô֪ģƹʶˣұľܲ߳ӣϲ

ͤɫƽҾʶѣǴ
ڴ֮ǰ֬ĵĶŮȻڵҪĶٺãĺӲҲʲôǮ

֬ⶫҪôľģҪôǴɵġ
ľõ񹤺ã۸񶼲ơɵҪҤƣһҤ϶ܾռǴһ㶼ĳֱ֬Ӷƻɢģ˵֮ϲˡ

ȶɺǮʱҾƹרſҤһԼе˷ܵ

ͤΪ˷ܶԵ̺һۣµлһĨЦ⡣

س̵·ϣΪĶˣ˸Եøˡ
֮ǰ·ϾˣΪ֬ҲҪطʵĵطĪǼɽеľݣպɻĵطҲ˾˵һɽ

Ψ̫鷳ͤˡ

㱾˵Щл֮ԣÿοڹͤһٶ˵ȵֻ꣬֬ȥʱÿ˶һݲᡣ

ڶҽ㡣
ƵƵҵоֻ֪Ůˣڸҿ飬Ӹ˿Ҳû롣

־ǺƵģЩѰӾܿȫȻŭлյ״̬

ϱûĸͬʱҲһ֣ԺǰôѹƵĸо

Ͳϲ֮Ϊʵһŵ㶼ûˣ֪״̬

󽭻ƵƵǸСѸʮĶϵȵءһһߺϰѶӽ˵ҪСѸ
˻ȥ£ڴƲ࿴ºܿͶˡ

־ȻٽգĻر࣬Ǹɻʵ͵ģĥæһҪϱԭ£ⲻ֪͵ܵѾĥŸϱˡ

*

Ŷգæµڽɽɽ֮䡣
ôκҲɽˣ˶Ϊڶʾ첻ȥҲûʲô

ľ֣֬ͤæزɻû
ų̿죬һߺܶˣȴȥҪˡ

֬ķʵӣøɾѻȥﵷĥɺ񽬣õ֭˳һɫԸɾĲľˮһ飬´ĺɫЩ֭Һɹɺ֬ˡ

Ӳӣӵôܰɫ˳Լɫźÿ
ЩѲ㣬о飬տʼΪһ̫໹̫գѾܰɫûõĻһ𣬵ԼҪɫ

ڻл֮ǰǴɽҰȫ£ͤطɻҪĻ

еĻȫúھ͵ɹɺװѹʵ⻹Ҫһʱ䣬ԼҲûˣѿСѿڼȻӶ̣ѰӵŮۡ

ҲҪؼңϾգеæ
ͤͳɽľ¾Ͷͻˮ壬̤ԺţͷЩԡ

ƺˣԺվһѿŮޣһѿСѿ档

һ㣬ѿСѿæ˹СѿһѱסȾͲˡ

ôŻ
⹫£ﲻǸСѿ˵ˡͷŮͷ

˵õģҲΪﲻڻ᲻ֻѿΪԺ󲻱۸ŻƵңݲϸ˵

߳ĿЩ˸ã˰
Щֵؿһۣɩ

˿ͣ˼һԶֶŮýȥˣɡ

Ҳûܾİõº󣬾ͺһȥ




20.  ²ĸʮߣ   ơ

18

־ϱæվȳȥˡ
û˵ȥ㣬Ȼֵò

˭Ӻ«ʲôҩȻ壬һ۵ȥɻɣ⼸࣬ҲǵӵҲ֪

Ϊ仰־ҲûҶŲ˿ųͷµȥˡ

ڵɻ˰˻˵˸ʲôáһҲʶ־ǸӴ򲻳ƨԸȻҲ˵Ա˻

־Ҳû롣ֺϴõĲ˶˹ˡ

İæ緹ܿˡ
ҵ˺ӶˣŲȥݣſǸʲô͡

λͰɡ
ŮӴԼʮͷö쵰üϸۣƲƯͦ׾ġƺҲ࣬඼ϺкԵ㣬ЦҲ

ûаѷ˻ݣǸһԡϾˣõĽ˦ӵ¡
԰շʰӣйŮҲԸˡ

ԽͳȥʱݣоԷһۣЩ֣Ҳûж롣

*

ιǣŮҶߡ
һֱ˴ӣҶʵǸ˾ҵĵ𣿿ѾŮŮ

ιɫ
ԣҲɷ£Ѿûк·ˡɷˣιΪһɿǿɷݣû֣֣Щ㹻Ů

ףѸֹЩ̫̫ࡣ
ù˼ȻǹѸǰǷǶ࣬ҵֵĵ軧¸Է˵仰ͱԷϱڴҥǸ꾫

ˣĸ˶˵ˡ
дЩӺϹǣҹʯͷԺŵ£֪˶ٻء

Ȱļޣż޹ȥŮãټܼ޸ʲôˣ˵Լһ˹ĺãûа취ˡ

ЩιͷŮԴϱŲϲ˵ӣӾͲϱˡҶϲ㵱òã

Ǹдѿģƺϲҡ
ιҶǸúӣѿܲϲ㣬ֻǵһμ桭

ص壬ιר˴β·ߡ
ȥûãھˡ

°ˣӦҵһҪ֣Ȼҡ
°ЦˣܼζҲˬ죬ģȻʲôˣһĭһӡ

ڿϵĺιض˶ԥ˺üΣ̲סʵ㻨ôĴۣǸ˱ݣ㵽ͼʲô

ͼʲôһһ˲ƺصöǰ˻ֿι͵ͼİɣֻƽ

Щעι⣬ڵĿһӣҲڵΪˣûٶղ

Ǻ桭
һˣ㵽ʱס˾ˡ

ιӹӹֽĿ¶𾪿ŶԷ˺һŻͷ

*

ΪŲ̬˷ʲôûɣ档
ץգҪȱܶණŪ淨Ҳʮֿˡ

ҲܿģЦú˵ģĸŮڡ

м䣬ָɣһ٣˵֪ˣû˵ȥæɵ֪ڼ͵

˼죬ҫڵѻûϴ֮ģϱòᣬһͨҲû˻
ģҲ͵û

ˮӦģͷһɹǴ죬ٶˮҲȡ
ԸǸָժСѿһ˯ˣ˿ȥЩˮ

ѿҪһȥ
˵ͷɹǲֻ
֮ĸŮˣһװˮ޵ӣһβߣ˼š

һ·ߣѿɹͨ죬㲻Ҫǲ
ѿû֨

˻ͻȻǸŮĲ̵ԶֶŮǸѸ
һ㶣ô֪ģ

ѿ죬ʹ˵ˣҾ䣬ԭǡﲻ涯˰ɡҵܣؼԸ⣿ǸѸʲôϵǸѸǸǮĹѸ

ʵѿѧò񣬵ͨЩϸֻƬѾһ档
ľ仰˵ģľ仰˵ģֳͨЩóһϢϢѿƺҲ

⺢ӶŴ̫һˣԥһ·˵ԭ

㸴ӵؿ˴ѿһۣĬˡ

֪˵ʲôãżȻҲ檳ȺżҹϸЩ檴ֲǰȻҲֲǰ

ЩȻΪǰ²ű֣ĵ׾ûԼΪǻʺ󣬸ùЩԺܶ߰£ȥȥҲûⷽľ顣

ھ˵־Сˣ

ȢСŵģûһӱЦǾ˵Ѿ־Һ¼ңȢ

ҲûܣϾѾˣ

գ汻ðﻹôȣҲѵá
㿴ŴѿЩɵѿҸˣԸҹǸ

ѿ͵һ̧ͷ۾֮һˮɻ˿ԣֺܿصͷ

Щ꣬ҲЩָ̾˸СԴ
Ҫ̣һŲĺӶһУѧ˾ǿѧڡ

ڸʲô
ÿ춼ڸĸˣѧŮŮ£뱳ʲ飬ĸ§ڻĸĽС

е˳ɳĺ磬еȴͻȻ뵽ʮ꣬òԱʺʱ

ͻȻЦˣĴѿļ򣬡ڴҲûϵԹٸҡ

˼ǰߣܳĬ
ģѿһ
ͷ˿ҲȥߣֻĬĬš

һǸɣôôҪǱƭ۸ô죿ΪҲ֪ȥǼˣǻңĸͶĸϲ㣬Ǽס

վЦˡ

ûô׻ҸСѿߵġŮССĵ

תŤѾͷԴԽԽϲ
ģһ취㲻֪ҳȥǼزǻң

¶һеƤЦڷʲôܣʵȥ͵͵˸С׬Ǯӣ϶ԸСѿҵģǲ֪СѿԸԸҹˣ

ѿͷϵЦݴġ
̫̫ˣ۾

׬˵ɡ˵꣬Ťͷˡ

ǸŤѾͷ
ҡͷ̾Цһ£ϡ

*

֮ǰǻȣͷҲңȴϲ
Ϊׯڵ˶֪һճɺòãҲͿЩˡ

øɵĻѾ꣬͵ʱոԽҵ˶ûš
־Ҳûţò׳԰շϱ˵˵ûͷ

պóҲûʲô£Щȥüҡ

ã
־ŷӦ˵Ǹˡ

ʲôʱԶˣǰôû˵

ǰŵʱ㲻֪ôʲôȥȥһ˼Ҳףɷ򣬵ضûֻ֣ܰѵˡǴʳ͹ȥٱЩȥҪǿʲô˼˵ػͰ֡

һ˵ӣ־Ҳû룬ҲΪеˡ
ǼûʳˣҲǸġ

־Ŷ˼ţֻ֪ϰ־ȥɻˣҲûж롣
Ů˯ˣҲ˯˻˯˴ԼаʱӣѿСѾȥ棬Ӷȥˡ

ŻмûϴԺϴѡ
Ƭס̫ѿԺܽЩҴҵģСѿں溰㣬ûᡣ

ôǣ
ղиеĸ˵ҵȥպǹѸȥˡ




21.  ²ĸʮˣ   ץ顭

19

ѿûд£ߵǰС˵

еģʶͣĶʵ
ѿҡҡͷʶǴˣ

Ĭ
һ˸ѿһĺ˵ֻѻˡ

˭
Ȼ

պΣǸѸǾǸˡ
˹û뵽ͻȻ˽࿴˭֪·ˣֻ˵ݹϵ

Ǹι֪־ϱӣ֪˴ʲô⣿˵֪ôʵ˵ȥ˵֪ιƷо⡣

ԷƷΣҲûʲôϵǸо˼·еңɻ˼·룬ƺ˵ͨˡ

ҲⱾ˺ݵϷѿӵĶԻǶԷ˵ѿģΪ֪£֪˵Ĵ㡣

ͻȻһ֣Ϊӡ֤ûȡˡ

ԭڣһ׺ܷԸԭִݺѪ̵Ը񣬻һֱţȻЩ¾ͻͣãһӵԼ

ö
һʱ䣬ƽ͵վ

ѿۺǿ
ȥ

ܣ

㻰˵þоȴԥҪҪȥԴѵܵȥһʱ䲻ָ̣˻ᡣ
ԼŮһתͷȥ

Ķ̫죬Ҳûൢ󣬿ɴѿȴѲ˵ˡ

Ҹһȥ׷Ժš
ȥʲôڼҿСѿ£ﲻʲôµġ˵

ɡ
㣬ʲôأ

һϲ֮С
˰ѿļ򣬵㿴С˾ˣȥСѿһȥ

Ȼɷ˵һͷˮˡ

*

㣬⵽ȥʲôģ
ܣ߾ˣߵúܿ죬˵ţʣˣôͻȻˣʲô£

ǹͤ硣ͤ˵һ֬Ѿɹˣʲôʱɽȥ
ôô죿˵ûôġе

Ҳ֪ǹͤ˵ġ

˵ͬʱѾ˴壬ԶԶͿڲվһˡ

ˣ˸˵ͤҲˣȥץ׼ȥ·˳˵¡
˵ţԹͤͤ磬ҽ£ҿܸܲһ·ȥˡ

£ͤ㣬Ŀ¶ѯʡ
ʵҲʲô˵£㱾ٸߵܵܣͻȻͤĪ;þִ٣Щݵĸо

㣬㵽ʲô¾˵ɣˣֲͤˡ

ͤĿѲһ£ϡ
ʲôָŵ

ʵصòأէһȥԣϸܿϱ˰Ѷǲ˵״
ˣ˵Լһʱ嶯ûʱһ³ʲô£˰Ѳ˵

ذף߶̵ʲôģôĲ˵ͻȻʶüӣȫ硣

˵ı£㾽Ѳ˵˳
Ǹʤµ񣬿Ҳ浾ᣬŰѲ˵ĪַЦС

ˣ㣬ò˵ʲôȥ˴ܣⶫΣգôϣ㡭

ˣ˵ˣҾһʱ嶯ˡ죬Ѳ˵˹Σ˰ɣ˵ˡ

ͤǹһ£ܿЦ۾ȥ
ʲô£˵˵

ͱ㻹С꣬ƫƫ˵¸һֺϳɵĸоռؼһ㶼ûвȻЩǰѴŵ˵һ¡

ȥɱ־ͱˣϵˣȻòᡣ

סˣ֪ȥ֪ƵģǹûϵһȥҲǱʲô¶ûУǸӣá

ǽ㣿
ҲŹᣬûҪȥ֪ײʲôһ־˶ϣҲŵѱͬҰѴѿСѿߡ

*

μӣ޺ˣ㿴вУ־ͷ£ųﺰ

ιˮ˳
ллˣ㿴˵ĸͶȦˡ죬ȺЩˮȥЪһЪ

־ͷһߣڿĨһ»ңӹˮһŵǲˣȰϻȥõȻˣһտס
Уллˡ

־ѿȦûзĺιĿһֱͣıϡ

֮ǰ־ιͶɺιҪºˮߡ
ˮ꣬׼ʱ˭֪ιҵȦܳˡ

ɲһ˼Ūסģҿ־ڣ˾ţ֮ŰϻȥŷԭȦŻˡ
£־ҲӲܣֻæ

ˡ־ӵ
˿ֿ˿ϵЬȦж಻˵ҼһȦɾʺֲÿ춼ػȦת֮ǰְϻȦϲ̫ɾ

ιȻҲˣЩεҪ磬ˮϴһϴٻȥʱ˼ûգҪǲٻȥͷҰϴˣã

ǲô鷳ˡ־ԥ
˵ǸͶŪһȥĸɩҲҪңĶô̭ͻȥģҵģȥˮ˵ţιͲɷ˵ȥˡ

ˮպú󣬺ιȥһѣ־ȥݺרϴС䡣
ϴţȥŪ㶫ԡ

ô鷳
ҪҪģæһֿŶӻȥ

ʱ򣬺ι־
֮ǰ˺޽ʣеһμ棬־µӡģУľګ

ȴһˣǹйŮӴĿûκа˺ʵϣɻҲһѺ֡

֮ǰιǴӦڣʵų⣬ڷһָоܼ޸ʵҲ

һߺ˼ţιͺõһˤģͬʱѾģһֹעһ

ιľ̽ݣ治棬С˺һƿơ
־ͷʪ󣬴һԲ̫ѣִٵǰιĶʮֲ죺ʵڷϣˣþơ

ιЦӯӯģͱ¿ˣ˵һأְҴæզܲдã¾Ʋ˶ԼģǹʱʣµģֲʲôĶ

ˣ־Ҳá

˵־ǸԴǵԸ񣬵˾ƺԻҪһЩιŻ˵˵Ҳ˵䡣

־һоͷЩΣҲˣվ
μӣҵˣллپơ

ιƻûꡣ
ˣӼҵľƾ̫һûȥٲȥȻڡû˵꣬־ſϡ

ιؿһ߹ȥ
磬ϣ㵽ʱ˲ҪңҲǱΡ

*

ˮ岢ԶԼҲʮ·ӡ
ΪͻȻת·Ҳûмˡ

һֱ˴壬ſдҲ֪ιסǶֻ˴
ǰģסԼǰ

ҺιѸ˳·ǰٹһ䣬Ҿˣǰиݶӣͦϵġ

˵Ŀⲻͣȥ͹ͤˣζ˹۸вá
΢΢üͶԷл͸æˡ

ߺǴ´תͷһԺӣվԺֹȻû˵ʲôû

ιѸǲã
͹ͤû˵Ȼǲ۵˼

ͤĿĳԺһ£ƿˣ߹ȥǴԺŴ˿ܳˣ񱳺й׷Ƶβȥ

˰ɣǰиݶӣô
뺰ûˣͻȻһֻס졣

ЩԹؿһۣû˵ȴҲʲôġ
Ȼץ飬϶Ҫĵġ

Ժ¾Ȼû˳
ָָͤŵš

ʱԺͻȻһŲһµ˭ô˼Ժȥˣ涼ͦģǴ˰ɣ
㱾ͼ䣬Ⱥ˾ӿ˽ɷ˵˵

治˵ġ
˭ģ˼˶ڡμӣ˵˵ģǲǣμӣѵûڼңûذͷһϴһ˵ţһߡ

ʱﴫһҵүڸʲôţ̫ˡ




22.  ²ĸʮţ   Ϸľˡ

20

⶯, ˷·ᵽζèһѷ䶼˽ȥ㼸ˡ
, ҧҧ, ͷߡ

ͤûĿ⿴Ժ, 
վŸˣŨüĿ, Ŀ׳ʵ, һҺɫĶ̺, °ζĿԺ

ƺӴͤĿ, һ㶿˹ͤȴµջĿ, Žȥˡ

ʵ֮ǰ׼ˣֶ϶ʲô¡ɵǸ־ʱ, һֻС

ô죬Ѿ˳ȥ, ־, ôҽģ

ֱȥ, Ѿ, ˵ĿⶼͶǡ

, Ȼס
ͳǴܵץĿ, ־, ǺιѸ

ǸûгȥĴ㣬ڿͷ½Ů˿޿, ϵ˯
вؿ㣬˵Ļ㶼ԼңҲˣ¸ô졣

㶼ûвȥ־ûѡ
üͷúܽ̾ҡͷǰȥ־ŪѡûãҲûã˳ŪˮŰŪѡ

ܻܲ˰ɣ˵Ǹֵĺ꾫ڴﹴģأ˼ҵ˶ϿˣȺһָźι

ɲǣ˼СϱֻԵľ͸
Ǻˣ˵ý
ԣ

ߣдǸˡ־תѣԵľһĻеز

ҡôˣ𾪵ؿ㣬ַͷ˿ܡ
㻹˼ϱɵʲô°ǡ

ôƿڴһ٣ٶ˵־֪ʲô£Ȼμӱ׽ڴײˣǵ֮ǰںȾƣؼš

żͣɼߵĴǸڵĻᣬм帾ӿȥιӿ˺Ҫץȥιһ߿һţҵһ㡣

ô죿ȺУͻȻ˵

ͤ˳ſȥȥûпˣֻһӰȥ
⵹ҲǸ⣬ûŮộͬͨ飬ץסˣŮõ³Լˡ

˵Ļ౻˴һ٣صŮ˳棬ҪӲʧ¡

ɺιѸһҸûˣһ֪ĶðݣΪ̵ֵ÷зΪιû峤ھ壬ʱȻҲΪͷ

ü˰ɣҪȥ룬

еЦá
޷޵ǲģȻҪˣ

ûУҲ֪ôˡ־ʹؽ͵̫СҲûԸ˵׾ͱˡ

ι帾ӵקߣͻȻ͵һ˵־ǰرĸ첲

磬ȾңȾҡˣҶô죿ĲԹңˣͻȻͱסҲҲû

ֲ֪ܵĻõ˵˷׷ޣҲֱҡͷ㵹һ־磬йأƫƫˣһֺܻĸо

ʱȺһ

ˣҲ̫˼Ҿ͵ˣҲû͵ͷȥŪ÷Լ˱˿ϴνʲô£Ϊ͢ûˣ

Ⱥз˿һҺɫֵ̺˽
ͷеȣҲմ˸׳ʵһˮ̴˵Ŀֵζ

һ߳˶˵ˣмɵ֮⡣ݵˣãƺʲôմҲơ

ؿһۣײԷһ㶣ѾԽߵǰȥˡ
ͤһԣðһĻ۵ף񲻽ذ˰

ڣ¿ɸûʲôϵѵǺιѸͷ˵һİСĸվ

бһۣЦЦҵģ˵ģ۴˵˼ҲΪĵأ˵˼仰Ĵҥ˼͵ˣҲ˸һ޶⣬Ҳ˼ҺιѸвС

⻰Ц˵ʵзľǺӡ

˵˼ҹˣ㻹źҪֱ˼ҵĵأ˼˵Ҫѵջ˼ǰߵģɣûĸˣʲôʲôԹҲҪ

ѣ˲ŷַžϱιѸף˵ҪιѸҲ

ϱһͨճ죬ֻǰڲǸǵģֻܱš
ʱҶĿ⿴Լʵ̲סˣɫѪˣ˲Ҫ£۴Ĵ磬˵ˣ

û˵˵㶯Ҫǲе̫ȱˣ
˵ţҲûϱź˵˾һĲ죬еĲԸ⣬ιѸԼ˿Ҳ˼Ըųɡ

ڳĻвˣһǻǺǵЦ

۴ûˣֳȥδЦ˵ιѸиӣˣô죬ѵˣܲһһ˵Ҫǡ

ڵĻ˵ĿⶼͶע־ϡ
ι޵˰󣺡磬һ·֮ǰ治ҡˡҡ

˵⻰ʲô˼ҽ㻹վأûס

Цеػεǰ̸򣺡СӣƢͦģǸСô֪㻹Ը˹ȥ

㡪

ͤǰһ۾ŶԷ
ûȥ㣺˵˵ǲǣλӣ

㲻üɴʱѾת·𷽲΢΢еϷĻ˵ģһȭͷ޻ĸо

Ǳߣ־ѾˣιҲĸ첲޳һ̲ࡣԱߵģ˵ʲôУֱը˹͡

üȵ죡ʲôʲô£
ʱ

־ǰ£ɰǸˮ̣ûãҪ֪˵ʵҪҸʶ̯ӵҿɲܣ˼ҺôҲһǸ˾ͱжΡ

ҡ

־ιȥ㣬۶ʹࡢ
һֱ㣬ǻЦ۾ȴص£վ

ôԼŰɣιѸǾɥ֮ڣǴ˷Ե̫࣬ȥ治ЦҲʲôˣҲﲻ㡣

磬һҿҶС
μӣϱ治֪Ϊʲôᷢ£ˡ

㲻ٿȥˣҿԳȫǣǰҪӸߡ

־תͷ

ô˵ˣ
㱳Ӳ㲻ͬҲûãȻǾȥ٣ҳɷץڴۣȥ˹ٸû³

ЦˣôĴָ˸°ͣζؿһۣתͷԺⲻá˵ҲӲһʤ߼øл˼ҲŶԡ

ллɩӣҲԣ˿ĵ£ллɩӾһ
ߺιſڵһһ˵Ǳ־׻ɫһƬҡ




23.  ²ĸʮ   루vڡ

21

, Ҹͤȥɡߵǰ
죬΢΢ͷ, ڴͷɥ־ȥˡ

ڳԷ, ƲЩ졣
һңҲ˵, ֻ־˾䡮ҵšתͷȥ

ôˣ˦˭һͷˮ
Ŷʵô£ȥͶ, ôһˣ

־ɥĨ˰, ڵ, Ҳ˵
, ͻҶæѸԺӶϻݣȺǶ, ־֧֧Űȥ˵ˡ

ԺźСѿ棬ͤվڲԶ봹ͷ, ƺʲô


ͻȻﴫһŭȣ², ǲǣ
Ϻ

ѿе㲻ؿһۣ
û, ġ

߳, ǰ, ȥһˡ
⶯, æ˹

Χȹ, , ȥŹ棬ٹһΣ, ͹ͤȳԡ

㣬ʲôʱˣһ³Է
㷴鵭ģԷţͤڣ㻹Щ˳Ҳɣģֻһǿ϶Ӧ

ʵµΣؼǴѿСѿ·ϺĴŭйء
ϾǹյĺӣʲôҵҪҪˣ

Ȼȥû˵Ϻͷ
նظ㣬Һߵ⣬ʮʧض˵ΪǸʵû뵽

㱻Цˡ
˵ҳ־ҲϺԭõ㣬ż̫Ҳֹ

ҲڴˣǸϲڵӣƺֶˣҵϰˣһ㶼̣̾ܶͶ㡣

Ϻ͸˸õıʣڼ£˵ȫ֪Ҳ˽ųɣֻҪֵ˵棬¹ĳҫڣͨһֻ۱һֻۡ

νƲ̣ôʵҲûϾҲܹܵϱͷϣϾһ֮һ֮ҵķ򣬾ôϣ¡

ҲԭʵмԹġֻԸ̫ųȴ˵㲻ӡ

㲻˵Ӧȥ˭ǹѸе࿴˭ű˵죬ⰹ¸һӣ˭Ӷǰͱ˵ݻ֪־ȥĻѸײţ

⻰ʲô˼
Ϻ˽Լתͷȥϡ

־Ҳ𾪡
Ŀһ˸µʲôˣʲôҲû

ƽʱˣӺ̬ȣ̶ܴ¾ˣΪ֪ʳ壬βƽʱҲֵòС
Ϻ̹һң㵽˵˵

ˣɽվ
Ƕ£Ϻһ̹㵽˵˵

Ųӣǿ־£ҲҾǣʶͿСӡ
󽭼￴ԼЦվ£ˡ

Ҳ£ϺȵضϣҪǲ˵ھ͸ҹȥ

һ˶ȴֿЦ
ȻƲԼϲۣϺóһ֮ˡ

ۼ㲻ˣһѱһؿ֧֧˵һ¡
ֻԼ뻻ϱԼѺι࿴ֹöȥιңӴӴ£ȴǲϡ

ЩҲ㹻־ŵؿԼ䵽һȻȫһɡ

ΪҪôĵ㲻ˣƽʱҴҶ˵һ䣬Ϊһڡ
־˻ţʵ˵ȥˣֻصĿ

ϺָָϣǺͿҾ˵ĶðֶŮԭҶš

Աߵض˶˶ûע⵽ԼС˿ŰԼǣЩŵضǱߡ

ϱˣɷӶôѵ̵סҳɷ򷢻𣬾ͳ־ȥˡ

˵ҺãҺʲôˣɥһǷƵģ˵ҿҿʲôˣС˶ӿɱˣ㵱Ȣǻʮӣ

ȥһһʣļȢϱôǮ˵ȢҸΪǸ첡ҰŮͲҪԹҿҹŮ

ҲԭǰһֱֺõҪԭһȢϱƸиӣѾܶˡ˼һ㲻Ƹ£˵ȫ޹ҲҪӡ
ҵʱΪͯԭҪʮƸſϼŮ

˵Ȣԭ˼Ҳ٣һֱû̸ɣ־ģԭ࿴һΣ͸ĥĥ˵ҪȢԭ

ʵܰѼױ׼ƯһЩҲûʲôؼҪʮƸȴֻԭѺ졣

Ϊ£ͳҪŮˣԭҲΪһֱ̧ͷ
ͻҶԭҲйأΪԭϱҪƸġ

ҲǸ˵˵ɻѵҺΪۻôֲ꣬Ǽӣ־ʹذӣ˻

ϱµһϣ໵һͿһһȥӡ
УҵĴֱڸӰˡھȥڿӣԼȥˡ

ʲôɽվ
ʲôȥȥǾͶˣϺ

Ϻְֱ̹ɣְɣһɢͲˡ
ֱޣһ˶˵

Ϻݺݵ˼ں̧̣ͷ㣺һ˼ңҪûǣԼ룬ڻᣬֿˣҲһҪӣô죿

ͲõˣҵĺȻܰܱȷﲻĺãǺιѸҲиŮɣﲻһֱѾͷƬӲֵǮߡ

⻰ȷʵ˵ģƽʱҲ̬ȣϺûǸ˵ϹֵֻȷѾͷԸߣ

ʵҲȷϾˣ鷢չ״ֻ˵ӿ϶Ըġ

ܿ죬ѿСѿͱˡ
ôһӶҲЩţСѿһѱסȡ

ϺףѴѿеǰԸżﻹǸߣѿûôԥ˵ˣϺ
ѿˣҲˣˣҪ֪ˣҲܻˡ

ǿŭһ˴뱲ӵ˾ȻôвһӣﻹЩ̣¸ǼᶨһҪӴߵͷ

үҸߣ̲ϲңҵ͹̣˲Ҹû
ѿһԵ־ʹ

ϺǿŭųһЦȴɹ
ֶСѿ֣СѿӣȱøֻܽƤɰͰ͵ظһղŵĻ

СѿҪͽһ𣬵СѿܸСѿ˵ܸԣΪʲôҵģСѿѵĻˣƭ˵ΪûѴôѡѿļߣ˵ҪТܸҫڸС͵͵óԵģСѿȥҪѾͷƬӲֵǮ׼ԺóԵġ

̹֮ϲСѿͯͯ˵һ϶Ҳס
־·һӾͱȥ˹ͷɥǶ

ȴЦ

·̫죬̫û׼Ҳ̫˵ϣЩ֮ΣΪ£ȴвҪӣһ֮Ķûˣôһ˻Զá

Ȼôˣȥæ֤




24.  ²ĸʮһ   롭

22

ܿͱˡ
־, ʮֳԾȰ˼䣬ֻǵͷ˵, ɫ, û˽ӻ硣

Ϻĺ̴ù̹װЩҶ, ȼݸԷ󣬲ŵϸҲЦ, ⲻĶӷ˴, Ȼ, ôɢ˰ɡ

˵־, ɲţ˲Ը˵, Ҳ׷ס
֮дĲ飬Ǻ飬Ѿ˵ʲô֮ںע, ӸߣԺ˲÷Ҫ, ø֮, 

±, , ŶϺϸ, , Ů, ϾһˣԺɸκιϵ

Ϻû֨, ֻǱ̸
ֻȥ㣺Ҳˣһ˴ӣԺӿɲù

壬ˣ鷳ʡ

̾˿ҡҡͷʼд
Ҫ˫ӡģ˶ӡ㽫˿

Ҳû˵ģֻһֶ־˵ҵطͰߣˡ

͹ͤһֱվԺ߳˶˹
¶һЦʵˣ𣿡

ЩΣ㣬㻹ų氡
ôԣ㲻ԣѿҲҪԣ˵йͤͤǱ߿ȥ˶ЦЦЦȥ

ȥѾˣҲӰʲôЩˮ󿪣Сһʢһ룬СˣԵͦ㡣
ΨЩԲͤ˼ҵһһд͸˵ԡ

ȴȥٺõд㡣Թͤ
ģͤһĨЦ⣬˵ʲôͻȻ㣬ҪȰؼסɣȥ˵

⻰ʱѿСѿȥ˾ˡ
üͷ棬˻ŵҲȥ

ǽ㲻ؼңȥĶȻؼסչٰҷӣܴܲӼ

ͤҪ㲻Ȱᵽľס

⡭

һۣʵ⵹ҲǸȥɽϾ˼ӣʱסҲͰա

ڲҪҸӦĵط鷢̫ͻȻ˶û׼˵ǻᾡȥһʱ֮滹ûðȥĶ

Ѿ˾ʱȰȥСľס֬Ƕ֬ӣͿȥݣȥЩأԺҲ֮

鷳ͤˡЩ˼
ͤ촽ǼľҲס

˵ţͻȻ˽дѿ
ѿ룬˳ȥ˻һСŮ˽

ҵСŮĲݣȴѿҪ꣬ƽʱ˾һ档

Ĳݳ𣿡к
ҳˣû£˵ҪʱûطסȽסëҡ

ëҲˮˣΪϱûˣͰᵽչȥˣӻš
Ҳʲô÷ӣһԺ԰ӣ·ʱ˻ķϣëʱͰѷиƽʱ˭޷ûطסģ˵һܽס

㱾û뵽磬˵ҲӻŮƱزԶȺ
±֪󣬱ȻǷǣþƤ£ĪټٳʱԾͲԺˡ

ллĲݣǻ£Ӹ˵һлллл
лҾͻˡ

ĲߺԼ뷨˵һ£ҲͬȽסķӣͤû˵ʲôǳҲʲô塣

԰շȥһҡ
ϱʲôҲû˵Ҳûϸʵô£ˣЩʱҲ֪ˣֻ˵ԺҪæȻͰëҵԿ׸ˡ

м֮ⲻض˵֮ǰЩˡ

ʱѾˣҪ͸ͤסëңٸ·Ҳá
аɽ㣬ҸͤסëңϹᶫͤ磬㿴

ͤ˵ͷ

˵˱ˡ
ʹѿСѿϴ˨Ъ¡־ûлݣƺ˯󽭵һиҲûʲôϵ

һϣ͹ͤˣռǱ߰ᡣ
ʵҲûʲôɰᣬҲһЩѱʲôġôһƺҲʵˣҲˣ˸СԺȫ̽ǰᶫ

־һֱû¶棬ռ˰ɡ

ҵ쳣Ȼ˵ע⣬һʱ˵ʲôĶУˮϿշ贫еϵײ־㣬־Щͷ¡

ۼͷԽԽ񻰣ʱʱǴ˵ޣǺ룬Ӹ
ֻƬ㹻˸ˣҲû˲ʶȤ㡣

ЩȲᡣ
ˣʵͦȵġ

ûǮûһ˼ҴӡհѶͤˣʱһʳһЩν֮ʲˡ
㲻ǽӣȻûоֻܾ˵պٻ

ɹʳûҲУѰ˼˭ҽ㣬ʱĲˣһӲ˵˵Ҫû˳ԾȥժԺٻǡ

νůǰúƬ棬Ҳûʲôᣬһȴᵽϻ䲻٣˸ࡣ

죬͹ͤûߡ
ⷿӱϾյľãкܶණˣסһҲͰգסЩӱȻҪޡ

塢ԺţԺӵʣ̨ʱûˣЩޡҿڣȻ㻹֪ô죬ǹͤȻʲôɣѷɫ١

һŪͣ͸ˡ
ˮѾʼˣԴǱҲʼˣûȥɻ

ʵڲĽ㣬ţͤʧˣٳʱ߶Сɽ
ͤСɽ˵㿴ţ˵ƽʱιԼҶԡ

㲻յģ鷳̫ͤ࣬ɹͤҲһ˵ϿţؼҰѻ͹ʱСɽͤɽͬ⡣

ߺ㻷ⲻԺӡ
СԺȻªʰúܸɾϿɼˮĺۼ

ԺŴСѿںСɽ棬СɽĹ֮ǰͤʱѿСѿͦµģͤСɽţǣӵȥСɽһҲӾͲˡ
СѿǶһƶǶʱҲ֪ʲôк£һ͸Сɽһ𣬻нҲ

ЦúܿģԴҺЦĵһΡ
һĻͻȻδġ

*

࣬ĲĲϴ³ˣ䲻ܷʢҲӽݳԷԺСѿСС塯

СѿͤȡĳƺС˾ˣͤСˡ
ʱеʱԿͤЩ̫Ը⣬Сѿй壬ֻϧûܳɹСѿͣǽͨʲôģ϶ʲôʲôˡ

̤ţͿԺĹͤ¨ƺʲô
ôߣˣ

ƺɻ󣬹ͤ¨ҸЩ⣬ֲܾ䣬ǸѿСѿԵġ
㲻һЦ




25.  ²ĸʮ   ýš

23

ʵڲܹЦ, ͻȻܰѻٵĹͤƵѧҽڣҲˡ
Ҳ˵̫࣬ͻȻʶʱ˵̫Ҳˡ, ˼ҳİæ, ȴſδԵ̫顣

æ, 
Ȼᡣ
ȳ꣬Ǹ, һƬ֮, ͻȻöԹͤЩˡ

Ҳ˵ߵĿ˻, ӭȥ, Ͳ˵ˣ϶û԰, һԡ
ͤһ£ⶫʰˣɡ

ֻӺһֻҰ, ͤԺҸطƤȥëȥˮ
йͲÿ, ΪԼɱ㵨, ʵȥ, û취, ֻܹͤ͡

¹ˮʢ, ͺʹн¹һ𱬳, Ƭ̷Щ, ٷƬ̣ˮϹˡ

һֲˣԭļֻ̻֪ܽô, ʵʩʱȴæҡ
±ͽˣƺ֣һֻùվԶԶģһֻŶʱʱŶһ¡

վűߵĹͤţ̲סЦ
϶֮ͷϵЦһµЦʲô

ûʲô

㸹̣ȴһΪϤоʮΣҲ֪ǲԼħˣȻЦúϤ
˲һˣҲ˰ɡ

ôһˣԺܿ졣
һ轴ɫɢŨҵм׺Ż̵ʮζˡ

Сѿ̿ˮˣѿûôԣ۾ȴһֱš
඼ˣ԰ɡ

ӣһ⣬һ˲ձЩԣ֪ϵ˶
ѿҲͰգͤһ

ʵͤı鲢ԣûб飬û취Լ۾ǶĿӼ⡣

һֻ֮䷢һתŽͤѿиЩʧĹâֱ̧⣬Ž

һԼġ
нͷҧţͻȻöЩ̡

̧ͷͤ棬ܺġ
ĿڿײֲԼͬ˿

ﾯԼ㲻þòڣȳ˼꣬ȴСǸܵܡвʱвڹûУûʲôڵġ

׵ܶʵͬĸǸӣȴۣûʱͺ׵ܣ˻ʺ̫ԺҲܳ

ѴʱԶʱڰˡ
ͤвˣһܳӡ

ͤ΢ȴɫɱԣȴֻΪż׽֮٣ԵЩȴҪŵ״̬

ðշѾˡ
ʱɽ·߰ɣססݡ

ëҵķСһһѿסݣ֮ǰûʱ͹ͤ˯Ƕݡ

̸Ƕֳɵģʱѱ챧ȥɹˣȥ̸ó̺ͤá

֮ͤûоܾһθ̾ʱ֮䲻ҪôףȻദá

ݵˮҹҪǿ˿Ժȡ

ͤͷЦȥˣϡͷѿ˵˻ԶЩƺȥݣʱʱܴЦ

վһѵ˿
ɹıӣΪõþ˲ȴùͤһֲͬĸоƺᵽϵһʲôأ

ͤƣͷڱ
˻ҪҸõЩñ춼ҪҸʲôĽڣ

*

˯磬Ȼľ硣
ѿ˯죬߳ݡ

ǱûжҲûȥУͷȥ
׵ʱ㻹׵¡

֮ǰͤһʳ˵ʳʵһס
ˮܱ߳ʳ϶࣬ҲУЩססС֮ģֵļ٣Ҳزʺϡ

̫಻ϰߣʳסʣ˶ıܣ˽ҲϰˣΨһϰߵľǳʳ

ϴСľͤóҲǰףʱû룬ֻǹͤдȻҪóõĶ̲סǲ֪ڼԼΪЩҪģҶˡ

¹ˮϹǣ˰Ѳ񣬾ŵˮȥϴ
ˮ׵ˮģΪˮֻ࣬ʣһ롣һϴһʲôʱȥˮˮЩ̫СԺǻһҲҪÿ춼Ҫˮ

ţһӰ峿ı˽
㽫ϵˮøɣŷǹͤ

ôôˣ

˵꣬ע⵽ϵӣװˮˮͰСɽظߣҪǶ׾ͺˡ

ˣСɽĴתת˳Ͱˮͤһ˵һ߽ӷˮͰᵽˮǶˮ˽ȥ

εӦûʲô˭֪Ȼһ㶼־ܰװˮˮͰ

кȥЩˮϴϴɡ

ô鷳Ūˮϴϴͳɡ˵ţƺ벻⣬ȥ˷ϴˮ账ˮͷϴϴ

̲סеȣôôע⣬ȴ־Լ̫࣬ΪԷʵ̫̹Ȼˡ
̹Ȼϴ껹ߵǰ˹ȥԼ˲

е̲סˣȥһѶӣѿСѿһŵһĻжĸá

ֻǿˣһѶ˹
ȴֿϴġ˿Ǽġͨ͸ӯ

͵꣬ʱġͳúãȥɬһЩ˶еգȴǡôںꡢõʡ

һ̫֮㣬Ŀ㣬һ̫δ˴Ī硣
̰õʲԴ磬ûҲûȥˣʱէһȥ⿴

ôˣͤգգ۾סǵǳЦ
ع񣬸Ͻͷû£ȥӡ

ͻȻ÷Լ⣬ʵǶ£ˣֻ⣬ǹ⡣

*

ˣѿû𣬾͸ͤ˵ȳԣʱһЩͺá
ԷʱͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ֬ɹ¡

ҿˣ֮ǰȥһˣûɹɡͤƽ
û룬ֻǿˡ

԰շͤˡ
ʱŸռãҲûʲôˣٹһ˾Ͷˡͤʱǰߣ뵽ƺĵϸģһůͷ

ô˼գڼͤһˣǸ
һ㶼ǰæʰˣ˳Ъһȵڶ뿪

ΪͤߣҲû˷֣Ƕæգ⼸յƽ

죬ʰ԰ӡ

СѿﲻʲôæСԱѿСʯ
ͻȻ֣տʼ㻹ûӦΪԷеѿֱѿһŷӦ

ϴϴȥǰ棬ԲִһɫӵĸվԺ⡣
Ǵˣ˳ëɩӡ

㻹֪һݣǸýš

ëɩýҲΪü˼Ҷ˵ףؼ˵öͦʣڴ㲻һҪŮ˵¶

ɩӣôˣ죬Ȼɻ㻹ЦŰëɩӭݡ
ºȥˮëɩӻֱ˵̫

Ҳºëɩ˵˰컰˵־ˣϼ˵ˣ͸ˣԺĻô˵ס

˵˴඼ͬģô˴ҲƷ֮ģȻһΪܳԾʵһ㶼ԾϢ

־ҪȢϱˣһѸ

²ëɩӹܵģҲ˵ģһҪ˵һ£˵¡

Էġ
ëɩӾͦʣⲻˡ




26.  ²ĸʮģ   㲻׼ļޡ

24

Ǹ, ãѿҲ֪Կηĵ˾ǳԿûһóСС;͸ĸ˫, 岮Ҳô, Сڴ԰ټҷġ

Ϊ⣬Լ, ܸɣӡǮʱ, ֿ˭, Ҳ, Ҹܹӵ, Ըġʹ־Ҳ˵ˣⲻ㿼, Ǳߵ˻

ëɩԽ˵Խصһ£ô˼ҾȻ˵ںͷ黹Ƕ, ֻҪ˺þУҲں, õԼŮˡ

ЦŽִӶԷó, , ջȥ, ˭ֱ֪ץ˹ȥ
˵ǲĺ°, ѿ

ʵеܲ, վɩ, ȥ㵹ˮܲ˵š
˵ţϵȥˡ

ëɩںЦԹһ䣺, ˣӵˣǣ

ȥˮĹ˼·ۡ
ڴµ˿ˣһӡзҵļҾӣʮĶأ޵ݣ޹ȥܵңСõɫ

ǳëɩ֮ԡ

ȻзҲȱģ˵Ǵ̫ãõԭǴСʧ԰ټҷΪҲû˹ܣһֱɣЩ굹׬ЩӣҲðЩҲȢ޵˼ȴˡ

Ȼëɩû˵ǱʣžзûЩ˲ٰۣڶЩͼȥ˼ûøС

Ϊ
벻ͨ£һŮеӵ˶Ȣ

ȻҲ˵ܲʵˣҲЩʲôģԸҪģļҾ

ôõļҾʲôĻƻŮҲܾĶЩֵֹģȴ˵

Ҳûʱ룬ˮȥëɩҲˣӹһȻ˵

еϰߣȴֲϾ˼ΪԼãҲΪԼ˵˼ҡ

Ҫûʲôģɩͻȥšˣ˼˵Ƹ񣬾ͰͷĽԲ㡣ëɩЦе֣վʹˡ

㱻˵ԻˣæɩӣȵȣҶûӦ㡭

ëɩӻͷһؿ⻹õŴӦӦĺ£˵һ̧ͷͷһܺ㲻ɣ˳ԿͳԿ̫ʵ˵־͵˹ѸŻˣƲ˵ޣǺ롣

Ǹ˼̯£˵ҲΪÿҲû֣ؾͰˡһ˼ңûûݣӣӻܹȥô

ɩӵģЩ壬Ҳøţøļ޾͸ļޣùӹӡ˵㸣ںͷԺ˺ڵʱôõϱҪƫƫҪҸĹѸţҲ֪ôġ

ëɩ˵ʵ⣬Ҳøˣȴֱðˮ
˵һļ޵뷨ûУ

ܻţţʼΪǸҪ񣬺ȴΪѿΪΪͤ

Ϊ֣ʱ˻ûôѣҲһʱûۣĥѣҲ滹õķ羰

ͺڣþͻȻûӣʲôûУֻҪľͺá

ܶʱ㶼ҲԼڵ壬ϾǸǼ仰̫ˡ
ôܻ

żҹѶԼڵĶһΣı
ıŭܵһϲŭֶȾƺҵ˶塣

ıԼıһУԼӹÿһЩҲʱ䣬һлȻֹϵ۾ʱǲڵġ

ͷԲˡ

ɷתģʶ£û˵Ĵ㡣

ɩӣҲ㣬ûˡ

ˣңҪ־أëɩһզתˣ֣Щɸֵص˵ôôԽڻᣬļ޻кӹѵҪȵԺٺڣ

ǵҲǣɩҡ

ΪҲ֪뷨˵˾Խ벻ǰͼģͷԹޣٺ޼ͻȻͺˣԼʱ䣬˼ϱȿͷһ˹ֵģ˵ͼɶ

ëɩ˵𻰸ƵģĻ˵һͨ
һֱ˵꣬ŵɩ治ǻең˵Ŷãʲô˼

úɣϾһӵĴ¡ҹɩӲẦġ
ɩӣ֪ллˡ

ȰëɩߣֻһоǾƣ
Լ˻մһ̧ͷͿվűϵĴѿ

ôˣ˵ֵ
⺢˼أ֪ģ϶ëɩ˵ˡ

ѿ˵ҲѧˣСֲѿĥĥ䣬Ť˰ſڣҪļޣ

ͻȻףһ壬ӣÿ˴ܶ¶ĶƩ統Ķ㣬ƩڵĲļޣҪǵӣҲûŴѿ

ϣļ𣿡

ѿ첻˵
̾˿ҲСԴﲻļޡ

ôҺСѿ
㲻֪֬ʱ֬׬ǡ

Ҫȥأ

˵⺢˼أأ뵽ˡ
˼ǲҸļˣζؿȤ

ѿҪܶãСѿãҾͲļޡ
ͷͻȻӦأ

ֻҪãСѿãңûʲô

һӵۿЦŽࣺСѾͷƬӣССģ˼ôءǴˣСЩ鲻òĵģңҿ϶Сѿ

*

˵ô˵ȴûס
Ͼֶ֬ģĶģǺõģ˭ôȴû

Ϊ⣬ɱЩȴеĴѿϤֻǿš
Ҳ˵صСɽһվԺŴȥЩˣʶ͸Сɽӭ˳ȥ

ŶĹͤһ㶣һ˿ϲ֪ˣ
˰벽еε߽ţⲻСɽ

ɹͤûкڴЩ˷ܵӡʱҲʶΪλˣһĨʧȴû˵ʲô

ȻѶ£һ߸֣һ߾ʲôʱܽɽȥ

ٹɣ㲻˵Ҫɹʮϣ
һΪʮˡЩʧ

ڹͤÿ͵ˣҲԼˣСѿͤȡ
һ¶֪С˶һĮȴһгĻ档

ϴιͤƺӦСѿʲôﴦ˺󣬾ԺżƬɾҶ

СѿһԣһתȦָ˵ҪСҪСɽҪС

ͤû˵޳ָ磬һͱ˸ֻСӣɰСѿϲģ֡

㺬Цؿһۣ
棬СѿѣͤѾڸСɽˡ

ʵСɽССѿСˣСɽ

С壬ʲôǸļޣ
ָͤһ̧ô

ڸ˵ļ޵£ﻹˣ͵͵֪

ͤڵһվȥ
Ҫļޣ

컹ûڣܽĹ⣬ͻȻôϡ

ôǣ˭˵ģ
Сѿң˵ʲôǸļޡ

Ҳû£ͷû̧Ҳûʲô˵ףҡ
㲻׼ļޣ




27.  ²ĸʮ壩   ͤ񡭡

25

⻰, һ˲ǷӦģǻ
˵ʲô

ҡ
ͤ촽ȴʲôҲ, Ժı

棡棡ע, Ҫͼľ飬򽫻ᱻĨɱ

ô˵
ҡ

ͤͷ˲ʱִ, Ҳʵس鴤ɵ, Ҳ֪Щˡ
¹͹, 㵽ôˣ

굥һӵ, ûô, ϵᡣ
ʱ֪, Ϊͤ˶ڶţڳʲôҵʹࡣ
ѵǱвڷˣ

Ҳ˲ö, ڻܲߣҷȥš

, һŽŲ, һϴ, ڼѿæ, СѿֱСôˡ

ڽͤڿ, Żһ

ѿ, 㿴á
ѿµصͷ, Сѿȥˡ

㵽ôˣܲ˵ҪȥҴȻһ
ͤƺȫ, ³һ仰ϲȾͺˡ

ʲôϲŪ

˵һ仰ƺͷѾȫͤҲ˵ֻǱǶȭ

㶼ĿȥŪˮ벻Զ
ûŵõһ֪ڿ϶ʹ࣬˵

سȥˣȥѹĲʢְѷҲʢãȥݵϣѿȳԣǲҪĹͤһܺˡ

֮ȥˮӽˮšɣȥͤöϵĺ
ֻһʱ䣬˺ູܶͷʪˣȫǺˮžһʪҲ˲ñӣź

һ޵Ʈɢ꣬ľ
һ㶣ϸϸᡣ

һȷԼǻþ

Ҳûʱȥϸ룬Ϊۿɼͤʹ࣬Ҳûİ취ֻһ߸һͷ

ʵںܻţһȥɡ
תͻȻץסһ浹ȥ˹ס

ȥһһһܺá
úúãҲȥ֡æ

ɸû˴ȴʵֱʵĵضţʱʱɡ

úܽۿ鴤кһε߳о빿ȴƲסֻ⡣

оʹסָ˸գ㾲һһͺˡ

ʱһȥӲڵֻ֪Щ㱣о
оԼҪ˯ˣԼ˯ͬʱ־ܣưſȴڿ£ʵڲǸʲôơ

ԺУͻȻһ


㱼䣬˲ʱصܶǰ
ʱȥ߷ûãΪһ֮˸ʺȻ̡

Ȼ²ûȴֹĴԡ
ӱСǸɵ䲻ȫȻΪȴЩϵʱҲͨһƬ

Ǿͱ˿ӣһ

鷢Ŷ޷ߣٺ鶼ҲСԸһʱҹÿϸ˵ָĹ£źˡ

ǵϣҲԺ˯ˣȴܸо״
ԼԼоһֻḧᣬϵȵĴϣʱҲһô

һһ
ᣬΡ

֪̫Ϥˣܶʱߡ



ͻȻ˸飬˾˹
ܾͤƺ˯ˣſϣӦڿµȽţ֪ʱȻϡ

û
ʶ˿ڼ㲻ˤȥץſػ˺һŰǹܾȥ



һȷԼǻˣ͵һ˵ǰ㶵ؿſʶ䶯촽
ǰ˴գȥ



һӽסˣ˲֪ã͵վ
ԼڿˣһּƿǶͷڴһ̫ħҪ侲侲

˳ȥϷŲ룬˺ܶˣȴʰɾˡ
ȥݣѿѾ˯ˣѿʵǸĺӣܶʱܴãḺ

㿴һ߳ȥĻϨˣȵġ
Լʢ뷹˵ȥԡ

ҹĵģСɽſģʱʱβַŻȥ
˺ܾãȥϴˣֺЩˮȥ˶ݡ

ʱѾȫ侲ǶſǸˡ
ӵһμ棬һЩϤĻ棬ǹϤĵ㣬ġ

غ̫̫֮ˣҲЩͨ
ѵͤ񣬿ǣǲǵǵãΪβϣǵãΪֽ

ʶһˣãŻ˯˶

ʵ̫ˣôһҹֱУȥͤıѾƽŻȥ˯ˡ

֪˯˶ãѾˡ
ѿСѿѾˣŻææѳȥԺûһˣϡСѿݺ

ȥ˺԰ӣͼͤųͷɵأѿŲһСѿԱѧ
ʱֲˣ϶᳤̫ãѩ֮ǰܳһ硣

̫Щۣ㲻Щˡ
ˣ

˵˵ͷ£ֵлл㡣
鸴ӣҲ˵ƿĿǡ

ϲƽʱҲʲôǷʱʹһͺˡ

һܺã˵̫絭ᣬҹۿ˯Ҳͣسֵزǹһܺõġ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻǳԷû˵ʱ䲻ȥ緹

ȳ緹ʱ״Ʋʹͤ˭
ͤȴһãȻΪôʣ֪˭ѵ˵ֻ

⻰˵ʧ

*

Ұϲ£ȴһϲµӶûС
գǰз־ҪȢȢĶǸѸʳȻѸͽˡ

ʱ˭Ҳ֪ҶæŸĻ˼ҶĸŮű֪
Ҳ˺ιǰǵׯڶոˣ־տɹɷͷ

ɹ˵۾⴦
־һιͺˡ

ôˣѹɤӵ
ͷ

ⲻ˵ϻӣǸ˶֪ͷ־ʵʵΪʲôҪ
⻰ʲֻܵϽذɡ

ιʮίЩֹصͷתˡ

ߺǺ̲סǰȤ־
ƽʱͦʵģ⻻ϱȻѻ졣

⻰ҵĺЦ־һϹ߶߶
Ϲ߶߶ɶǺ£һһ˭ϣܰˣﲻ˵ﶼô롣

ȥȥȥԼô룬ϱˮЦ
ǡ

ĸˣһȺûĵĳûûǳģȻһȥ͸ϱ˵ĺùӳԡ

ⲻһȺЦ֣ҲˣϾһ壬̧ͷͷҲ̫ѿ
½½ͷ˶ˣŮŮԴһԷ˵˵žᵽ㡣

ļٵģôˣ

˵ǸƲ۽ǵôţֻ׼еȢ׼Ůļޣ˵Ǻ£Ҳëɩһ䣬˵зҵļҾټޣҲŮ˵ȥ׵

⸾ɤŲСɹҲû󣬺ܶ˶ˡ
˵ôɱӵģ˽ԷźгԹ˺˺üأҲͲϡ϶ϱΪˡ

Դҷ־ϱ£ķԷû˴м䴫졣




28.  ²ĸʮ   ˵Ǹ

26

˵ʲô, ûͷûӰ˵ʲô³治ÿæȰ
ϱµôûͷûӰˣ׶˼ëɩ˵ģ

˵Ҳᡭ
ôˣֻݹٷŻ, յƣ

, ˵䣬Է²ǵ죡
û˵, ֮˵ģⶼע־ӲıӰ

㿴, ӣ˸ϱɫ
ϱ˷, һм

ʱ, ־ͻȻվ, ܿ˾ʧˡ
Ⱥۿ

˵ͼɶ˼ѿҲ
˭֪, Ǹͷ˵˳ȥǿӡ


*

־һ·, ·˽ûᡣ
һ·񱼵ëԺ, ŷŲ߽ȥ

ɩ, ѿҪļˣ
ëɩӷˮ, Χȹϲ˲ŵ˵, ֮ǰѿ, Ȼڷֿ, Ȣ, ͸иӣѵ㻹˸һӲɣ

ɩӣҲ, Ҿǡ

ʲô˵⻰Ҳ˵ҵҲۣȸʲôȥˣ˵ʲôʲôúõһ˸ɢˡ³Ժ˼ѿû˵һ䲻ǣɴҶ۾ܿһ˼ӱϳҸ˼һʳû

ǽסëҵģʳ˼ҵܵģҶһ¨ӲˣҺʲôûͰɣʹһû㲻ˣûһ˼Ժôûļˡ

ҡ

ʵЩ־ҲûҲĸŮ͵ʳʲôճȾͱˣҲͬ⡣

˵Щѵˣ֪ҵĺͻˡ
ָվߣ˭֪ӶߣټϸգιǱִߵýæŵû˵ȥϸЩ¡

ʱ˵ͱƣ־
ëɩҲǸ̾ˣҲ룬ˣǸ㶼ȢˣΪ˼Һãͱ˸ļޡǸҲ˵һ˵˼ѿ䲻û˵ң˼ңҶۡ

־ʧǵˣһ·֪߻˼ҡ
Ҷ

ιӭʵôˣ

ôˣ
־;˺ܶණҪйȴַйԼŪʵιкܴϵʹЩƢһѽ

ûϵ

ι˸ģҶŵܹסι
ѾûлͷĻˣûˣ

Ůȥ棬ϵı飬תͷ
ˣôôԹ֮ǰȥͷȥģΪҲ±ЦϸųȥЦιЦ֮ȴί

־ͷҲ˵ܲסιһֱϸĥι֪ԭǰͷǸҪļˡ

*

Ҳ첻ʱ䣬ѿҪļ޵£Ѿ塣

˶˵ˡ
һû˵ģϺһǸ˾֪ˣ־ɻʱ˺üͨԵ޹ʵ֮ﶼʹ졣

һжûʲôϵΪͤɽȥˡ
һһȥǰѿˡ



һ˸ˣɹ˲٣ŵǱ֮ǰ׳ʵЩ͹ͤһñ¨СѿһŴѿ·ߵҲ֮ǰǽɽ

ľݺȥı֬ˡ
ͤǸϸµģɹɺ֬ĩɫĲֱͬװڼɾ滹˲ײ

򿪿˿ᣬմЩ
ָֻһ࣬ĩͱ࿪ˣȫ͸ķĩƫƫοüΪ˳ʵϸ壬ɫޡ

ָ⣬ֽ֮Уϸȥ塣

㿴ܲãͤԱߵݹһľƵģӡ

ֻаƴСмΪԲΣ΢΢°һĵ

ЩɻʲôȴǼ֮ϲùһ֬УСĵװѷĩװװˣùģͷһ

СǡǡãһǱġ
Щķĩѹ֬бԵ׸˸ϣ֮ģӣͼһĵ

һ٣֬Уģϸϸֿ˿תͷͤģ

ܸӣͤȴƺûвϴ㲻˵еģӣѹ֬϶ÿ£һ֪ܲá

ĵһɽԻģ

㵹Щ죬ǰ񸮸͹һ輫Ʒκϣʮϲһ
ϧʲôǼȶȣһûʲôȤģչ˵ҲģǺ˵ȥˡ

滨ģӵײͬҲȫƣⲢΪ֤Ǿùͤܿɡ

ǲ
ǣΪֻر

ĥˣҲ֮֬ѹװУһ

ֻǸɻ棬֪ͤˡ
ÿ

Ҳ֨ĬĬһһģӸæܹģӣһĵһ
ѿͷ棬һνɽɽһж˵ʮ档

ûʲô˵ĬãͻȻ
ʲô

һվؿһƿĶܳȥˡ
վڶϣСϪСѿЦЦһſŵص顣

ЩãȻؿָϱ֬ȾɫԽԽ˳ۡ
˴꣬ʹ꣬ǲͷ·йޣֵĴָʹĴʳָ޲ôһƤ

ʱһֻ̧
һʪӣϸϸĲţָָָ׷춼Ź

רעʮ档
ĳӰغϡ

㵽ǲңͷϿ޵
űˮʪļͷͤ۾ò˵ǸˣҲʶ

㽩סͻȻվŵƷڵأȻͷҲصؽݡ

*

֮û͹ͤ˵һ仰Щٶ۵
Źͤϲʣ͵͵ʽ㵽ôˡ

Ȼ˵ʲôûУټ϶Ű֬Ҳûƽ¡
ڶ磬һ˳ɽˡ

˴廹ûſڣͿëɩվǶ

ɩң
ˣȥĶˣˣ㲻ڼҡ

ǸɩӣԲסһһˡ

ûû£˾ССܣҼǵýгţëɩӿͤ
Ҳҵܵܡ

ͤ⻰һһۡ
ëɩӵû룬ЦŶ˵˵ͷֶ˵¡

ɩȵȣȽȥ˰·

ʾܴܵȽȥȻ浫ҲˣԺž֪ʲô
ͤԥ£û˵

ѿ˵׵ģļޡ
ļޣԾòᡣ

ѿͷ˵ʲôʱ洫һɩȽȥˡæ
˽ʵôվ

㣬Ҫļޣ
ô֪£㿴˿ѿѿе飬ˡ

Ǵѿ˵ġ㣬Ҫļް

ʵѾˣĬվһߵĹͤ۾һתʵұû뷨ëɩһ־˵ͦԣ˼һǳļ޵ĺãѡõġ

봹ƤĹͤ͵һ̧ۣ˹





29.  ²ĸʮߣ   ֬ͻ

27

һֱעŹͤĶ, Ȼһ۵ס
мָˣȴװһȻ߰ɣȥ, վ

, ͲסỰ⡣
ǽզģëɩӵ׸˵ʲô£ĸˣɶ˭, סδ

ָ˴ţô, ô໰
ͷ, ⲻҲǵĽ, , Ҫ̯ϸ־

˵ͻȻ˵, ͬʱ뵽˵꣬һʱЩҲи̾
ҪΪ˵Ҳ

ʱС, ֻ֪ܲá
ޣҲĬĬ, һν, ˵Ҹɴڼ̷, Ҳҳȥۡ, ֪ƸҪ̫, û̸, ˶˵Ů

, ˵ǰ£͹ȥˡ
ǽ㣿

㣿˵һ, ̧ȥ˿ϵĹͤ˵ɡˣȥ

ߺͤͤºûǲãҿҽڵӣƺҲԸҶ˵ܾһС

ͤԼˮ봹ĿǺãǲã

룬϶ǺõģҲģ˼ļˡǰǶԷҪòУ̯ϸ־˲ʵϸ̫

𰸹ͤ⣬ôҲϵ飬ԭǼ޸Ǹ˵ġ

뵽ͤսϥϵ֣ȴǵҪǲģͶѰѹء
Էʱзҵ¡ʵûע⣬ϾһʼûļޣҲûϸʡ

ģƾż
壬ǲպεĹѸڵĴӣ

ܵô˵ŷӦȷʵˡ
ֵ㣬Ҫ뷨зļҵģʱҰȥһá

⻰˵㲻ýӣ˵ʵѾˣֻΪֻܷ̽ͤ˵ȥʲᡣ

գһͬȥسǡ
Ϊû·ֻܰ֬ѯʣһȾǺ˵֬ˣҲһܵ

Ⱦºˣ˳ϲҲ

ǻ𣿡߳ӣͻȻʵ
ôʣҲ֪ƽʱһЩǮԼǶ

㣬㡭
һֻ˹˼

ǹͤ

㿴һۣҲûܾùͷˡ

ȥ˼ҳ̣ȥȥ˰ڷųµĵطһʼۣѡһʵҽ˸ѵĵطѽȥˡ

Щ֪Ȼ֬֬ôˣЩѲˣҲҪ˶ࡣ
һѣžۡ

ɵٳʱȻ硣
㣬㴩ÿ

ɫԽ䵭ɫȹ˵ɫΪɫףǡôĸо
ǿ䣬խխ䣬ȹڵ׺ֽԵȣϸá

ӿ۹⡣һԵŮƹǲ֮̾ɫ

ϰˣõġͭ½ӣԴЩһζǿʵҲãǡôѡٶһȦͺˣ㾦֮Ч̫ص

˵ģĿ⻹ھϣŮƹ˷ǵ˫ĿŹ⡣
ҲͬУ

⵹ûУǡǴöˡ

ǰЩζļȡƯĻ;Σһ١±ָ˸ѸѣҲ𣬹ӱȥð˵

ˣ˶֪ʺıԣ͵Ķǵʱʱ˵ģһ㶼

㲻Ը˵ŮƹҲöʡ

߽ӣۡ
ִŴһģĳ¡ɼܲסԷ㣬һⶼûУǸӵİæдŮƹԣԼˡ

ôһҲЩͬѰСˣŲǸҰ帾ĸС㡣

ʱҲԼˡ
۾ӣϺ󣬵һվӣҲǵһοԼʱŷȻЩ

˴Լ߳ɣʣµĳüЩ𣬱Ƿʺɫˡ˵ǺÿģҲ˷ʱ̲ס࿴˺üۡ

ЩӦҲܲͷᡣؼҲʽͻ򵥵ģֻܴ鷢

ôһ˳۶ˡ
䳤ò˹ɫҲǸˣƽʱӲԼʱѣ־ôһʱһˡ

㶫૵
Ůƹһ㶣ʣʲô

ҲûϰԵԱ֡кͤ¨óһ֬У˹ȥ

˹ȥ򿪡
ָĵպ£ڷ׵Ĵϣο֮òɫָϵ˵㣬ġ

һ˲䣬˶ʻˡ
˵ſЩѵʱƽ֮У˵ǴҲΪ

ӣõǺŮƹͻȻʵ
֬

֪֬Ҽ֬Ѱ֬ƺͬɫʵض𡣡

Ůƹ̵ģҲۼĿѰ֬Ϊ֣һǸ֬״һǷۿ״

֬״֬ɫãҴ϶ã״ľֻͿˣͿڴϲʡ
ɷŮƹԱҲˣŮõ֬Ƿۿ飬ȴƫƫáɫ죬˵Һ죬ҪһЩŮƹûһֺ죬֮Ǻɫ˺ܾޡ

Ů˼֮סʡҲɵˬذ֬е˹ȥԼ֬

˵ţЦЦ󷽵˵˲ϰЦҼϱģֻǼҵ䣬ûķաȤ£ݼеĹŷһЩԿܲȥ˭֪ܶӶֻѲˣѰðһͷȥԡ

˵䣬ŮƹѾˡ
ָӴ֬һ˲䣬͸ܳڲͬ˵Ƿ״ƫƫֶУ˵Ǹ״ƫƫۿȥǡ

մһЩֱ˳ɫޣִһ˵Ļ㡣

Ůƹ޵
Ȥ֬ɫѣҵȵһԡ

˲ʮϢʱ䣬ŮƹָȾɫĵط˲䣬ҲܲЩɫͨ֬һ±ûҪ̫ࡣ

Ůƹ񵱼ⶫЩȻ֬ҿɺã
⻰죬ǳ̰ɣ

ŮƹЦЦеһߣƹһܣȻһ棬ȴҪСһЩϳ֬ˮۣзΡͷȻҵһҵġ

ŮƹЦСط׬վޣΪάƣҾͰһΪƽʱϡƷͳ⣬ҲһЩ֬ˮۺʱ˵ķΡҿ֬볣ﲻͬԶһЩ

Ҳûǣ΢˼µ֪ϰҪ٣Ͼǵһࡣ
ۼΣŮƹʡ

ĥˣʵ֬ûʲôɱһЩߣҵһЩ֭ȣԼģõĲϼΪˣ΢Ǯĵط֬ˡ

ŮƹķӦ֪ʵص֬£Ҳһ׹ݼַӣ໹ǹŮԼ档
ΪȤ£ڹŷϸ࣬˵Ҳһݡ

ڰڲֻͨܵͼ㻹ԺƷƷȻ˼ֵ

Ҽⷽ⣬֮۸񲻷ƣ֬ˡ
ֻ˵˵ۡ

ġ
ģǲˡ˵Ҳ

Ůƹ֬ˮۣȻ֪飬ӼʮĵģڼʮӵĶС
Сطӵ֬ѾǼˣҲʶϺõ֬ȴ֬ࡣ

ŮƹԸ֮⣬ȻҲйֻ֮룬ˬаɣۡ
£һתδ˶

һ㶣ͶԲĿ⡣
ŮƹҲûҷż˵֬ףҲ࣬ǲĻȫҡ

⻰ˣŮƹͬѰȥҲ÷⡣
ϾϡΪеûУ̻䲻ʲô̻ʲôϡΪ

ξʹʮУﻹЩϣԼʮϰȻ֬ˮۣӦ֪֬ⶫҪڣûˣֻܵꡣ

Ůƹĥһ£ЩңȹúãʣµҾȫˡ

һԣѾ˷ˣֵ˹ͤü£ǹͤһӡ
ҲܸˣԿһߺŮƹ˵ŻһùͤѶóһһĿ

ӦǶʮȸʮʣµʮһºȡﶼǸһѹһ룬Ӧ֪֬мʲôҲиҡģҸд־ݣ϶ˡ

ʶãҲܿŮƹǸˬˣҲǸƽϵģӦ

*

˭Ҳû뵽һôˣ㡣
ðͷȥԣ˭֪ȫȻãʱ˵ҪδⲻÿǰˣʱˣԺá

һֱֺ߳Զŵ㣬Щ֬ȥˣһУôأ

ɵӣգ۲ۣ۵ûͲˡ
ۡɵص

ʱЦˡ
ͤҲЦˡ

Цˣ̲ס˹ͤһЦˡ

㰵ģȴԣˣµȻģϾӶõˡ

˽㣬ǵüﻹкܶ࣬ôǻƹ˵ֻмʮУǼģҸղſ˵һ㶼ţѡ

ˣĻǺöࡣ

˵ô˵ȥ·ȴһЩΪ˴ĵǳĺ˵һ顣

ںĹͤЦü۷ܱ׾ȴƫƫװһҺӽ̵ܣҲЦˡ

Ц߽ëԺʱͻȻסˡ
ΪԺˣǴĴ񣬾վëɩӣűߵĿյϷʮĿĴ

ϰźɫĲǵ˾֪һƸôװεġ




30.  ²ĸʮˣ   

28


ѿۼ, һ㣬æСѿ˹

ôôˣ

֮ǰ׼˳ʳֽڼ, Сɽڼҿ, ʵͦĵģû뵽صͿһ档

ëӡ
ȴѿ˵, һΧˡ

ѿҪˡ
ɲ, ˼з󷽡
Ǻø, ŶĽˡ

ĿǼͷ, ëɩϡëɩЦ߹ѿ
ɩ, ǣװʵ

ëɩЦúΣüŵɫǡ

ǳ֮, ˼зƸѿ㻹֪ЩɶǺö, Ҳʵϣѿﲻ˵, ƲԵ, ϸ֦ˡ

ʵҲԹЩ帾, Ҫ֪ȢϱʵΪ, Ƹһǲ衢ơǡ֮ʲ, ټһƸ, ҲӾðһ¡
⻹ָҾ, ˼ҿܾѾͳˡ

ֹƸװ˼ӣǰǰͷһúŵ, ĿƸʮϡ
ҲЩͽ壬˴˵ĺ䶯

ũҲû£һȺںëҡһͨô֣仰ϻⲻͰëɩӸˣضû˴¡

ˣЩ˻Ҳ˵ˣϷҲˣϽذɡëɩ

ƺĲãЦز˾䣺ɩ⻰ǲҲѿôý˷ˣзҵýǮû

ŵзͦ󷽵ġ˲

ëɩӰһҶ˭ûͶЩϲֲ´ˣҸѿﻹ˵Ҫû¾Ͷɢ˰ɡ

ʱ͹ͤҲЩˣæ˵ûˡ
ɢˣɢ˰ɡ

Ⱥɢȥ

ͷëɩ֣Σӣɩؿܺˡ
ɩӣô˵

ëɩҲû󣬰ȥ˵һ顣
ԭ˵£ҲתôݹģΪаæˣҲûϸзݣϾֻûһƲ

ܾëɩӻЩͦ˵ģЩʶȤôõĻ£ǧѷĺûᡣ

˼Ұ˲ԸҲǿţͷˮߣͰ⻰˶Է
ʱû˵ʲôˣ˭֪һԷְѻˣ˵شٳɴ£ʱý˺һġ

ëɩϴӦˣȴɻ׮ѿſܴܲճɣôڷзǱ߸ģ

Ҳɵӣ׷Ǹݣһ֮²֪зȻڡ
Ҫ˵ڣ䲻ԶڸʮҲǸŵˡ

ʲôţ
ʲôţֻ֪ĺǸЦ滢ǳǣ˽ѣӡǮ

˵ŵһͷǹֵܣ¾һƦåȴ˸๡

ʱ˵ڵ֣ëɩӾͽҪ㣬̲סԹݼ䣬ô֮ǰ˵ʵ
Ҳǽп಻˵¸ˣ˵ëɩӵýˡ

ҷⲻͿӵëɩͷˡ
˻ëɩֱˮȴòӦ

߻Ѱ˼ô¸˵˭֪һǻǹҲȥ˵ɣԸ׳нֱ˰Ƹ񶼸̧ˡ

֮¾Ͷ֪ˡ
ΪƸĿ˲ٴΧۣʵëɩӲǹôģΪ˸ѼϼˣҲʩѹӦ¡

˵Ҳ㣬žҲݴͷôãҲǸмģҲû˵ĸŮ˲岻֮ǰǲʲôԨԴȻզ׼ˣ

ڣëɩӲʶ⻰˵òԣæǸ
ҲûҺʶ֮ǰںιѸһ档

ëɩӵͷʣڴ㣿
ɩӣһǸ뷨ʱļޡ

ѽëɩ˿˵û˵ֻ̾˿ˣҲ˵ˣϾҲ׼ϾһӵĴ£˾Ͳˡ

֮͹ͤëɩӰƸ񶼸̧˻ȥ
һȻĿһǲ֪ԭȢѿڡ

ͷС˵ʮ˶ʶܶ˶˵ۣȻҲ֪ˡ

Ҳ飬Ϣֱˡ
ǰջ˵æ⣬ô˸ŪھҪȢɩ

ʵڰ಻סʱȥ塣
ʱѾˣ͵˵ƣֺһƬ

ڲڣ½гԪտӣʹԪ֪ûڼ

ǵģﲻ˽ӵĵطֵطкü嶼С
Ҳ壬ڴ롣

һ·ҹȥҵķӺʹ˼ҲСȴһˮש߷濴žɳ

ݣںȾơ
ǽĵطۣһź첼ӣǽ̧ǰЩ

ôһ˺Ⱦƣ

Ϊ󽭺ɫҲԼ˱ƣѰ˫ӡ

û˵Ƥƺ鲻̫á
󽭿һۣм㣬ȥɩˣ

ƤƳһۣ̲صѾɩˡ
֪ǣⲻǽϰˡ˺ڸ磬ȢǲǴźһ⣿ô˼Ͼҵ£ôࡣ

˵ԻȻΪԼСеЩϲʲôˣȻ֪Сʲô⡣

˵ˣǼȾⷨӺãֲöԷռˣȶ£Ժ׬ǮҲģڲǸæ
ǿ׼ڰӣƽϡ

ʮֲ䣬ûƽʱ߶Ҫˣ춼ӰˣҲ󽭲ʶȤʱײ

ʲôʱ˵ǴźһˣǸڹ˵㿴Ҳڹ˵ЦЦƽʱҲûʲôƫƫ˲Σա

һ㶣æȤڸܺһҾǴȷ
ںǺЦú䣬ˣΪҲ֪ʲô⡣

Σ󽭵ӾЩҲסˣЦҲˡ
ڸ磬˵⻰ʲô˼

ʲô˼ʲô˼žƱ۽΢ȳ䡣

󽭲һվܻպڸ˼ˣˣ֮ǰ˵õġ

˵ʲô
˵ˡ

ʲôҲû˵ãͷβһ˵ԻڶԱߡָ㡯䣬֡˳֡˵Сæ

ҪʱٿԼǱˣˣҲûˡ
һȭϣԭͿɩˣһһףΪ취ɩŪ

ʧȥģӿƱ͸˵ˣڲɩ
㡭

ˣҲƽҸĨʮȥҲ

˵֮ǰ󽭻ŷƵΣʱͷϸ£ֱа©ٳ£Ȼˣš

һзŭû򷢹ƵĴ־裬ֱһϵľƲˣ湻޳ܵģȻФз֮ң

ڵϣ졣
һ˽ڸ硣

ҲûԷ񣬿󽭵䡣
ұ޳ܣҴֱҺõĶȥ

վһ߽󽭣󽭸ͷһ㣬ȴѹòˣһƨڵϡ

Ǳ䣬Ͷ˼Ӭ޷쵰ҥԲҽˣңѹͷȥˣ˵粻ǸˣԼŮ˶סͱֱ˴⡣

˵ҿɱ绹Ҫ֪

£ӿ֣ڼһҲҶһɷףϿɼ亹

ʰɾߡ
˵꣬˱ˡ




31.  ²ĸʮţ   װ̽

29

ڴ˽µʱ, Ҳ¡
ȥûȻھͼôһ棬Ǵμоеֵֹ, , ôͷ׼ˣ

벻ͨͲˣҲΪԼ
֬ʮ, Ѿ滮ôˣϳԷʱ, ó, , ͤ, Լ

ˣæͤ, ȥҵģطǽģ֮ǰѵ, ʵˣڵ, ʣǱõ, ٷָ㡣

û뵽ԼҲֵܷ, , һߵ, ҾͲ, ҾǸǴ, ˵ӸҲûãŰɣܹ, ҲҸظǸӣҲиԼӡ

û뵽ܻܵôԶôЩжҲЩЦţҰܵǮùˣȻҪ㣬ҲˣͷûǮ㡣

ұ͵͵Ǯ㻨ġ

һֻŤŤķ٣ʱһͷëˡ
㣡

˶ЦСѿС˾ˣͷ㡣

ȥѲ˶˹Ĳʮַʢвˣоơ
˵Ҫõд㣬ϣҪ⻰ǶԹͤ˵ġ

̾㣬оư
˾۾ͷ⣬ֲܺȣҪдͤ

ôܺˣģ˲Ⱦƣ߳ȥᱻЦѾ̳Ӵ򿪣Լ͹ͤһ롣

˵ȷʵشڱشﲩ䣬Ⱦڶ챣ůڲ˻ȾƣٶܺһЩ
ɺȾƲʲôܶСʱͱĳ

㣬ҪҪȵ㣿˳˾䡣

㿴΢΢ֻǵľҺʮԥ
ȻҲȾƵģڹȵǻ߹ڵģƲˣȶ˶΢־ûȹ

㵹һЩ㳢ˣȲ˸Ҿǡ

³ԷŹͤȾơ
õþˣһ㶼ԺȾƺȤͤͺȣҲҲٺȣһӡ

룺ͤ㣬ллˡ
̧ͤۿ̧̧룺л

黹һĪա
յߣ˳ƵѺȣһʳ΢΢ееɬΪһů˳ź¡

ʱ£û뵽⼸ʮһ̳ľƣȻҲкþơ
ôһ߳ŷʱʱڣľƺܿˡҲеͷžָ̳塣

ٺЩƺ󾢶ܴ󡣡ͤ

ֻϧûȥܡֻ֣˳һ䣬ܿͺȵˣҲȵκҪһЩû

ȥ˯ɡͤѿȥܵݵĿϡ

ʱѾˡ
Ժж˳ȥͿһž̳ӣֵضˮ׵ĸϣ̧ͷ졣

㿴

¹£΢죬۾ȴӡ
жûˣ˵֮ǰͤһֱȷԼԲԣھҲǶԵġ

ôվŲЦֵ

߹ȥ
ľ̳Щۣȥá

ˣˡ

ûûƺܺúȣǰڹȵòһһɬһ㣬˱лظʡ

һֻȥ֣ȥĥţֻͤ
Ǻˣ˵ûûˣͤװԼû̧ͷҲϵ¡

ɽܿ𣿡
ܡ

һ˴ţ᲻ܹ¶

¶
ͤʱΪʱ仹ûûֻԭء

ɽԻȻмסĺܷɢһ˳Էһ˯һ˿ճ䣬ƺûио¶Ϊ˼

á
Ǻ⣿˹պ˵ģ촽۷۵ģһӨĹ⡣

ͤɤһƫͷͲù¶
Ŷһתͷȥ졣

ԵıǸ˭ѧģ
ҵʦ

㻹ʦ
ɽһԻ

ǴɽСɽأ
ʦǱġ

Ｘˣ
塭

ʣµĻȻֹ̧ͷȥ۾ţƺ˯ˣǶҡҡ׹ġ


ƺЩӦ˻ֽ

ûӦ
εЦЦ˹ȥС°Ѿ̳ӳһԣֽȥ

ѿСѿѾ˯ˣͤŽڿϣ̸Ƕ̺ãͷںãָЬϡ
һüΪƺΣҲΪƺҲϰˡ

񡭡һ

ͤһ
ã̵Ƥϡ

ָⴥ˴£һһḧա

㡭

ͤôá
ͻȻ㶯һ£ͤӦͱһӱס˾ӡ

㵽ǲ񣿡۾۽Ǻģ˷ֲ˻û
ؿ˻ҡͷǡ

ɿ֣˻ȥ˸
Ҳȥ˯ɡ

*

һ̫
ٴû¶һ˿ۼƺһжûзͤûԽ죬Ҳûйװ̽

ŲߣͤͲñˣ㻹Щ˶ܰæ
ڼȥˣ㻹ȥңæŮ¡

ԹŮ֮˵ֻ㣬ԼټûС
зߣΪŮ޷ߣΪŮΪ

˵ˣҲŮΪԵͬǳ͢ͷ˰ŮҲҪ˰ġ

ܲ죬ܲסԼϱһ˵ӦˡڴһΪլأֻŮܰˡ

Ϊѹõ£ܸˣ·дкӦһЦһЦ

׻˵ֲЦˣΪټЩûΪξףֻ˵ỰģҲ˼˵ˣҲ֮ϲ

սһǰ߾Ǽţ㿴ŲԶվһˡ
ٿģڵġ

ͣסŲʱҲˣ˹
ףΪҪܾ




32.  ²ĸʮ   ϲġ

30

ЦԷ, ܻĸо
˲һ֮ԵΪƶһҪޣ̬ĪС

ǡ
ζؿһۣ, ֮ǰרýȢ

ԭ㡣
ĳ

㵽ײǿ̱֮, װʶô֪Ѷˣ˭֪˼һȻδ, װĻ治⣬֮ϴ, һȭͷ޻ϵĸо

, ΪηҪȢ, ǲһ֮Եƽʵ
˵һ, ˵ǡ

⣿

΢ӣһ, ЩԾĹ¡

ΪľڴСڴͲ̫ãһ߿, һ߷ʲôõ·, ļҶֻ߶˲ʲô, ǲɵ, һỳɵͷϡ

Ѫ, Ҳǿ, ͲͲ, ͱ˹, ö֮͸һȺͬ˵Ĵ庺ƦһԽˣݲϸ˵

Ⱥ˳һû¸, ̸ľƯĴСϱǡ
丽Ĵ廨ǿе̸ʡ

ǻѾʢˣʮ繫ϵˣ̸ǲĽ֮ġ

ϡǵõʱЩ̸𣬾ԼһͬȥԴ壬뿴˵׳ʲô
Ͼе˼еûУûеǸⲻ£˶ǱŴ˼ȴһ֮ġ

֮ҹܶᣬΪ͵͵ض࿴ۣٺ˵Ҫ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ԼôģǱŷĸϢ֪࿴ûɹ֪ҪƸܸߣܶ˶˵Ů

ֱ˵ˮҰ˸ˡԺͱˣΪü䡣

ǴںιѸңҾϳˣ˵־ˣҾ˵Ǽ£δŮδޣպÿԴһӡģͷôãһ˵һһỤĸŮ۸

ˣû뵽лôһι¡
˵֮ǰΪ˴̫Եȴȫ˸ӡ

˵ЩҲ֪
֪ˡڵ

ǣҸûҪļޡ

ҪãҿԸʱǰһԹԵĿǰļʵĶ󡣿ĸŮʳǣҲԻǣ۸

ңҪǻԹҲû취ѵǣֻҪһ仰

̫ͱˣһʱ֪֮˵ʲôźá
ǲϤҺܸм˼ҡ

˵ʲôܾͻȻһס֡
һİζײǼ⣬ûзʶˣȴ޿ˣƵ

ץֺȣƺҲܼȢܾˣһֱĲЩҶûȢҾš

ɿ
˵˵Ҿɿˣ֪֪һжˣ

ɿ

ʱһѵб˽
ĵУ⣬Ըоϵɭ䡣

ɿ֡

ûһţ֣ܵͤıվš
սӲһҲضŵ˻һһֱ˳ȫλãЦˡ

ǣ
ȹͤشЦſ㣺ܵܣҼǵϴںιѸ

Щˡ
ǸҰƫƫΪʮְԵƢȣԸ仯޳ĥ͸˼롣

ͺڣκһ˶ַӦƫƫʳֻ

㻹ǸϽ߰ɣҲܼ޸ġ

޸˭޸ڻһתֱָͤȻЦˣûŪƺСǸëͷСӣëû룬ϲˣСӣ

һһֱۣâǰһ㻹Ϊͻ֮ļ£һ̾ͱôЦˡ
Ǻһʱ˵

ͤŲһ󣬵ֱָԷ


ڵĿ⻹֮ͣǰǺϣۿĹͤһۣЦЦȻˡ

ֱԶˣɿűǼָ
Ѫ˳Ƿǰѵ¡

*

ͤŵ
Ҫþʹⲻ

ˣ˿ȴգ˼һŷֹͤЩԡ

ôˣ
ȥȴһӻӿɶԷûڷ¶Ǳ̬֮

㵽ôˣ

һ㴥ˣͤ˶ڷ뵽ϻط
ô󺰣

ԺܳһͷˮؿǰһĻ

㣬ôˣ
Ȱѹͤȥ

ͤôˣ
ϻȰ˷ȥ

һԸоϴθأΪۿɼͤ¶ƤѪú¾ô˿
һ仰˵ˣվҳ鴤ţͬʱдĺҺ

˶ɵˣҪҪȥ
ȥԼæңȥ鴤֫ȴֲֻ֣żѺҸ

ͤң㵽ôôˣƲסᣬصţһ߿һæȥͷ

ô֪ȥ˶ãһͷӶ˵ͷ˽
ʲôϲһͳˡĨϵᣬǿ򶨵

ǰæʱסͤ鴤ֱۡɫأüͷһһߣźӣȻɿ֣תҩҪߡ

ǣ
ϷѲ˵ģǻǸϽϻͣϷоȰ棬ǲˣǻǸϽ°ɡ

ͷô˵ģǰסϴ½

ȥʱϵĹͤͻȻæȥס
˫ƽʱľ죬·Ǵݷĳû£ȡ

֮ٶȱ۾

ǱϴѾˣ˵̫Ұ֪æǰȥָϴⲻǰúð˼ߣǰ

δйΪͤҪˡ

㣬ô죿ѵͤľͷ˵߽

û£
ܵܳԾӣʶԼˣŻɤ˵û£˵ǵȾͿ϶û¡

ɹֲͤǴ
ʣµĻĵеίͤ⵽ʲôϲǰҲû˵ô֪ģ

ǰʸͣȥЩˮ̫࣬ôŲС

ȥˣʱԹ˭׵ܵܣ˼С

֪ϲ£˵ʹûʶȴһˣӳ֪͹ͤʶдꡣ
ȴڶ̶̵ʱΣһαһء

㲻뵽֮ǰ£ʵѾ϶ͤˣΪβϣΪǷϣּ񣬿ܺһҲǻ˾壬ɡ

֪ΪΣܾùͤķԼЩ˵Ĺϵ




33.  ²ĸʮһ   ѡ

31

ֱ, һٴߴ٣ȥЪ¡
˯һͻȻоѣ, ŷԼˡ

Ѿڿ˯, ȥ˿ͤʱĹͤѾƽ֮ǰ״̬ʵ, ѾУ廹ʶس鴤š
ʵ̫, Ǽ̽̽, ΢Щġ

, ôû˯۾, һߴŹǷһߵ
˯ˣȥé, ˳

ǿȥ˯ɣͤӦûʲôˡ

Ż˷һһ˯͡
, еزϴҲ, ͺ, 㴩ѵĶԼ١

Ժ, ǹͤ, ˮ, ԺĴѿ˵, ˾緹, š
ͷŮ˵˼仰תͷˡ

ȥ˶, ͤɻûѡ

ϵֲ԰ף͸Ĺ⣬ܿƤɫѪܣ촽ɺԣ΢΢ЩƤϢȻƽȵ΢

£תȥˡ
ͤûѣŽйвѡЩĵ

ͷȥιЩˮ

Ϊܼ򵥵£ȴޱȣǰ㲻ûιҩֲŷжѡ

ˮ뻻豭ֻף󻻳֬ʱõСӣùˮ̣һҨˮΡ

߽һֹ㣬Ҫιɣ
תͷȻҲã㽫̧һЩູ̫Ҫˮ

Σǰȥѹͤϰ΢΢̧ȥȴҪ죬ָգŰһЩܰˮιȥ
ҿˮιȥˣҲһǵʲôʱˡ

ϴȥ緹

㡣
ôˣ

еԥͤ硭
Ҹͤôˣ

ûʲôҾǾáСѿڽо˾ˣȥæˡ
ֱȴҲ˿

ʮ죬ͤһֱûѣҲԽԽꡣ
ڼרȥҽţŹͤȥϣҽݣ˵ûвֻŴСĲҩְѹͤ˻

岻ʱܻ˼ҵģγײˣֻͤһЩιˮιҩ£

գ£洫СɽĽ
Ѱ߳ȥվԺ⣬Сɽһƽʱɵӣض

ʲôʱֻվһЦ˵һʯͷˡ

죬ֱü£

ûʲô£Ҿһ˼ҴҲף˲ʳһҲԲˣЩ

˵ţһ֣һ׳ĺӿһʳԺˡ
ɩӣҸ

˭ɩӣ
㷢⺺ӾͺٺֱЦһ̵ˡ

һ㶼ΣҲûЦЦ˵˾䡮ڼҡ˾ˡ
ߵúܸɴϣƺΪʳġ

ȵȡ

׷ԺӣûӰˣػԺӣŷǽǵһʳݺݵһš

ԺûˣӼȥˣСɽ֧ŵβҡҡһֻôţĪоһգһţһ



־
ôƵĶˣ

һʲô
־ЦЩΣһӣҸЩʳߵʱҲûʳҸһЩ

˵һʳĿҲжʮɶԱȷ˿һЩˡ㵹Ǽƽʳ٣ûҪǾ䡮ûʳĻ
ҵܺװ㼤ŭҲԭﻹԹԵʡ

ߵʱֻҵˣʳֵԿײǱţôʳϽ߰ɣҲҪȱʳԡ

־Ǿ˵ҪʱЩˡ
ûأʳԣ°ɣ㲻ԼѿҾߡ
Ҳѧˣˣ

㱾ĸ꣬ôһ£һ
Ѿˣ㻹ǸϽ߰ɡ

ˣ־Ŀǽµǰʳϣװʳö࣬Ŀⶼܿʲô

˭͵ģڣ
˭͵ģѾˣûκιϵҵ

ȸǲڣȻһţǼ⣬Ѵ򷢡

Ǹڶˡ
ɤЩ񣺡ٸ˵һΣѾˣ㵽߲ߣٲҷŹˣ
Сɽһ¾վ

־˵ˣҸ˵ǧҪڵĵͲǸʲôˣ
Ȼ¹ģСɽһһƽʱҲˣһžס

͵ر˱ۣûϵСɽ
˹Сɽ˲ʱ죬־ܱߵҵĻԿϵ㡭

Ժڰ
㴹ͷվһ͵һתݡ

ȥ˶ݡ
ݵĿϣͤϢǶǻбϢΪһˡ

ôֻˮҩάţмҲŸ࣬ɸʲȥѾۿɼ⻬еԵգ°ȥ촽ܸһҪιܶˮ

ٲѣҾͼ޸ȥˡ

վڿǰɤƽ

˺У˾ٱ˺ࡣ

˵ĽңҲˣʱҲпʮ˰ɣӿɲһֱûȢ

˵㵽ʲôΪβңҸöλᣬ㶼ܱãʲôʱĽ⹫Ҳ˵Сˣ

ôСֻұңΪҲ֪ǲǡ

ҪҾͼ޸㡭ң˭ʵ㡭Һʱ룬Ҫ뿪ʹͺˣҾʹͱȥĺ

ﲻǺõط̫ˣҴСͲϲǸطǶżҵŮܲȥǸطĸˣ˵ֻңֻҡ

ÿ춼ڸԼ˵ٿһЩ˼һЩҲ˾ܿˡ˵ҲǸСʲôԸԣҰ¶㡭û뵽ģҲҡ

˵˵ţ˳һһ䣬ڹͤƽŵϡ
ûעָͤ˶૵˵Ż

˵ģ֪ԸҪٲѹҾȥ޸ˡ

ޡ




34.  ²ĸʮ   ˵ġ

32

, ôûأ㡭ͤ磬ˣ߽ϵĹͤ۾, Щϲ

Ϳϲ, ʱˡ
㣬զˣ

æ, ˲յ۾˶ˣѿأ
˵, ѿ˽, Сѿʮָ, ܱ£, С˾˸ץֻá

ã
е㲻˼Ӻף, Ҳɣһ׽ֻӾȻû͸Сѿˡ

˵, ǰʮֹеʵͤ, û°, оô֪֪Щһֱû, Ҹҽ㶼, ȥҽ, ˵û, ڻĶоģ

, ˸ѣ͸Ƶˣ

ϵĹͤ촽, ˻ŵû¡Ƶﺬɳ˵úܼѣ

ȥˮΪϵǰ֣ȱź˼ˮͤɤӣЩЦ£ллˡ

ͤ⻰̫ˣлʲôֻҪУ㲻֪Եʱ䣬ҽɵˡ

оĳҪǲ˵˵䡣

ôˣƺ뵽ʲôæЦȳȥˣѼĲһ£ٸСѿѡ

һСȥˣֻʣˡ
̣̲סʲôʱģû˵Щȴʲڡ

ȥѡ˵꣬Ҳˡ
ðɣǽ·ʮ

ϵĹͤһĨЦ뵽֮ǰľ

ϵͳһֱҪ򣬷򽫻ᱻĨɱ򽥽С©ˣû뵽һʱĳ嶯һ

ҲҿϵͳڼĨɱ˲䣬һѡѡȥ硯εĨɱ

ֻӦȼˣA
Ҫ֪֮ǰߵȼ磬CȥA񣬾Խսѻʯ

Ǿһй̲ϸҿ㲻ҹأȻز磬Ҳȥٲκκۼ

֮ˣȴΪĪһϵͳ֧߾ȫȥһ񣬲ֻ֪Ҫ񣬾ܵõֿ֣ԶһκԼҪĶ

ǵģκΡ
عʵȥɻȥһ֪ԭҲˡ

Ϊ˸뾡а취Ҳʵİ취ھСﴩԽֻأԼһһͨأȻõ

һСΪ¡ǽ帾żұ裬ɷãסŮһ͵˷粨ţ˭֪·תڶɷӭ˵

ȻֻǱϵģʵ˱ƶ֣֮ĵڶɷڡ

˳΢²һĺФʱΪ˵õװżĴɢ͵ԣֽ֣֮Ͻɨسš

޹پʱͻȻֶԮ֣֮飬˷ġ

ֵһǣ±ɣһƬģжHE
ҲڶУѾ˼Ѷ͵һ硣

ֻҪŲѰģ˳ͨء

û취ȫģС翴һ飬һǰı֣ͷͽβѸǹ۶ʵϸԽľ֪л

һͨϷÿһ񣬶ͬݱ䣬Щݱͬĺ
ңûгԹĿܹ࣬ίܳ

ЩµļڣˡС
Сйǲָıκģ֪ǹ©꣬Щ©ûоֻ顣

ŰѺżĶĳԼǰֽӽֻΪڽ㱻ɨسźܰһѡ
࣬һһо١

ֻû뵽ıЩǰ£ɳˣҲı˷ʽӽ

ӿʼȢţ͹Լԣڿڽͼᱡʱ侲ȫɢ

ɱġ
ж˲ǿư롣

ﻹ࣬Ҫʢһԣûнƺվ⡣

ͤزͷֻܿȹڵһǡ
룬ãֻںû취

ܿͻˣȰѹͤŰͷϣֶιࡣ
ʼնʮְһԸɾӸͤ˲ǣʵûʲô˵

ʲô

ͤصָսЦ

Ȼ룬Ťͷˣ֮Ĵһ仰û͹ͤ˵ͤҲȥ

ˣŽ治˵͵͵ʹͤͤǲʲô£ҽˣ

ͤ˿ŵķ¶˰ȹڣʱȥһЩƺ˴˵ֹס˽Ų

һ£вѵĿԲܸ

ʲô²˵˵꣬ҲʶԼô˵е㲻ԣ˼Ӻס
Ϊͤ˭֪Էȴ˵˻Ҫ

Ҫ

Ӳˣ粻˵ɹͤȴʧȥ˵Ȥ˿ٶ۾

*

ͤȻˣãҲ֪Ϊʱֻϰ°Ƕˡ

û£ɾ˵ԵʣָӦþܺá

˵ô˵˭ܿòƽµľȣ֮ǰ͵͵̽¿ϧûסȴӿˤž㡣

ͤ磬Ҫ͸˵Ǹ˵ˡ

˳ȥ
һŹͰˡ

߽ȥͤ뿿ſ´ֶһ¡
Ҳû˵Ƿӿñ죬óȥɹ

˵Ļɻ

ͤͻ֮ԣЩһͷˮȥ־ϹҲסֻܽһ

գΪԼҪˣͻȻ˸˵

ձ죬˺һŽһ䣺ˣ
ͤû˵һ˲º

ʵкܴĲͬͤ۾һֺĺڣһ̶۾ȴůɫһĨЦ崺硣

ɾһ˲䣬˫̶Ƶ۾ϤӰӡ

һ˲ͳˣ̧̧֣ͤȴΪӿл䣺ޡ
ϡﻩһĨ˵ĿģЩ鲻˵˵˾ͻҪ

ͤͷ

ΪΣǲǸһ

ζԷȴûлشˣ˫۾ĬĬؿ

ͻȻЦˣɾյȻ




35.  ²ĸʮ   繡

33

˨⳵, Ժͣ¡
Ժ˼ˣæк

˨üıӸӭĺ, ֽһѶȥ, ȥˡ

磬ɩ̫, ҪȥĶϻ͹ȥǴʳ˻ˡ˨һͷ, Цֺá

бһۣˣ

˨ٺһЦ, ίⲻɩиܵ, кûһ, ˰ʳӳˣұҪ, ɩӷŹҪҧңⲻ͡Ļˡ

ڽüҲû˵
˨͵͵ɫ, ˵ⷨӲ, Ůĺ, ССݶ, ҪӲųɡ

ڱЦ, ʲô, 㵹ࡣ
˨ٺһЦ, ͷҲ֪ʲô, ⲻ˵˵˵˵

аɣæȥ
ڰ˰, ˨ȥˡ

ĥ°飬߽һºӡ
ڸ磬ˣϸۣĽӣ֮ǰŽ׼ٽӣ߲ɿڣǱ

˵Ⱥ󽭣ֻǼһߵýȻ÷
٣

ºһƣ
ڱЦˣ˶٣

ºԥһ£ɣֻûſ˸桭
ðɣ⺺˵ȥھ֪¡

ǰҲûɹ£ֻ֮ǰ˲ûڻŹҪˣôһ

룬
ºӺԥ£ʲôҲû˵ˡ

*

壬ҡ

壬мǲǳʲôӣ˵ӦùϣôǾͲ죿

üҲǲ죬һֱ¸ˣҲȥ߹һΣǻû죬Ҳ֪²ȥߡ

˵òûеŮҪţӣһҲʲô¡

ͨϰգ˵ȥҲǸ˰µģ˲Ǹǽվ֣Ҳֻܵˡ

ллˣмҪǮ㣬ҸЩǮֻ˵ǣ취

аɣģٵȼûţҾȥߴߡ
鷳ˡ

ߺϱǰţ㡭

ʣµĻû˵꣬˯һ˴֮仹ʲôǲ֪ġ
ˮ壬ƽʱ۱ۡ˰˿ڻĸȣǱ߶Խӡ

ͷй˽£ǹҲͰգ˽£ͷһȥмٲҪ㣬ЩҪôġ

Ϲأǿص̰̰

˵Ϊ˻ǲģϾô˿ڣҪӳԷҪһ㡣
Уϱ͸˵ˣ˵һ˼Ҳף͵ǸæʱѣϱΪëˡ

˵ģˣ֪أ²ҹǿš˵ţüͷરવسں̡

ſţѿһ˼ңҲûʲôˣ˼ҿϱ
ô֪ҲҶˣȥʡ

*

߷£㲢֪顣
صҺʣ㣬°զˣ

ҡҡͷ˵ûá
΢üЩģһֲõĵԤУмӣɵ׻ʲôӣҲûͷ

ֻһĪĸоԤлû

Ҳ֪棬̫Ѿƣ㿪ʼɹԺĲ˸ա

ˮشߵһѩ֮ʣûʲô˿Գԡ˽Ѳصİֻ֮ܲ࣬ԼһЩˣԼڶ쵽֮ǰɹĲ˸ɡ

Щ˸ɿԷźܾãԵʱˮݷһ¾ͺáڲٳ£ЩԺĿյɹĶǸֲˡ

һŷŻʱһۡ
ݵĴ뿪ţһˣĸоϤעӸСЦЦˮϴϴȥˡ

ˣ
ɹô˸ɣܳԵꣿġ

벻ܷţͶɹЩɣϾô˳ԣڴС

ͤ˿Щ֣ץذš
Щڡ

û֮ǰʵ˼Щףֻڴˣ̫Ƕᶽ˾ֻĽ⹫˼ֻͣΪܣҲܡ

û뵽һⷬٶȻ㻹ûŪΪβԼʼĩΪβܳԼݣҲ³е֮

ø˵£ỳɣȻǣȴΪмδ⣬Ժ

侲ҲԼպЩ嶯ˣһֲôų⡣ǹ̫ͤڣż¶繾ڼ˶̲ס
Ⱦú棬Щ߾֮Ǹӵòˡ

ֶˣʲôس֣û

ǰ˫ϸỬģȴֲࡣҲǣԼɣһ˫ʮָմˮ֡

ͤĦĵı룬ָϸϸشİָ⣬ٴָ⵽
Ħ̫Ҳ̫˼ǰûô̹֣ͿĨ֬ʱ򣬿ǰӲ룬ȴֱ

㡭
㡣

æֳͬʱվʲô£
۾ǻ£ʱҲˣҪҪҰջ𡣡

ѿأ
Ժͷ档

һ˵һߣڼͤкͤһӣ㵹Ӷ͸ˡ

ȥûסʣ㣬мˣ͹ͤǲǡ
ǲʲô

е㼱ˣ㣬㶮˵˼ղҽʱͤ֡˵ǲǺˣ

òƽһˣ˲ʱоȡ
ڵ䣬ҶŶ󣬾֪ʲô˼

᲻֪˾Ǻˡ˽㣬Ҳˣҿɲֻһء
ȷʵϾͬһ£ЩЩû취ڵģǰͤûʱǳڵǣǳڹģأ

вУͻȻʡ
ûͷûԵĻһ㶣Ӧ㣬ͤʲôʱϵģô֪

»Ҫֻ֪˵ваɣյⲻ

ٺһЦû˵УҾǺ档һЩĽԺ󣬹ͤƷŵùˣҿ϶Ը⣬ȹͤ󡣡

̲סˣͷһ¡
ôˣû˵Ůש

ⲻǱһשǱһˡ
ʮ߼޸־ģѿ꣬ʮģɹͤŶʮء

ֻô˵û㻢صԴ뿪ңͱøס

ûһûֻǲǸø˵˵

һ㶣˻һ˵ɡ
֮뿪ҺûعңȴרŽҪѺ¸Ǳ˵

³֪ģҲû͹֮ͤͻı仯̫죬һʱЩӦˣȹٻȥ˵һ

Ҳָͬͬ⣬Ѿúܵˡ




36.  ²ĸʮģ   ദ

34

ú, ҲûݳԣǸڶݡ
⼸֮ͤǰöˣѾԼ, ǻ¿

˵˼ȥҽݿ, ͤˣֻ˵һӡû˵ʵ, Ȭʵûá
¸Ҳ˵ͨ, ֻڡ

ϰ˲, Դ, ڳϾûԼ, ȻƧҲûʲôöЩϸ, ٶٲˡ

ͤŲڲ棬Աߣһѿһµʱ, ѿ˲٣ཱུ, ǰݿſɰˡ

Сѿ, , ŽԼϲԵĲ, Цµ÷ɿ, һһĵ, žۡ

Ҳԡ˳ָͤһӲ, ָԼһӳš

ͤڣźθڵĲҲһӡ
ЦЦҲû֨, ͷš

Ǳߣæջײϴѿ۾һۣʲôҲû˵

ͬʱһȴһ籩ۼ
󽭻ͷһڣ߳š

Ժӵʱ򣬺ͻȻ˽ġ
Ĵ˳һͷĿžͲǸˣΪòԺǰԿ

ΪǳĺͷӡǮڣʵôٳͷ¶ˣҪ£Ĺš

ĲڣǷַûӾȥ˼ǣţӶڻ£־һĶԼЦʹĵ״﷢

ĸ磬㡪

Цеض˵ͷϻظ˵£ô˵
װ£ȴЩ̣ʲôô˵ڸ綼ûң·ɣ
˵ţһ־ĻӿȴԷ

žһ´֣ƤЦⲻЦ˵ĻҲ˵ˣſҲûӡɣҲ˵ޣ֮ڣѸûĶˣȻʱֵòÿǧҡ

»ľˣһɫէէ׵վǶ
ҲûɫһڣҴˡ

*

Ѿһ֮ڣȥ
˾Ƕȥ

·ûţԶԶƹͷ
ˣãҪȥ㡣ƹʮϲ⣬æӭ˳

ƹˣʲô£㴧׵Ϳ

ƹһͷߣһߵҲûʲô£ϴθ˵֬£ûʣµľͶҰɡ

պΰѶˣϴҪ࣬߰ʮУƹҲûܾʮˬ˰Ѷˣָ˻

ûѹƹ˵һп˾סĶʲôˣһƥ

ҲǺܰĶһ޲ΪɫÿرʺϸСŮѣһǻƹ˵Ůר͸ѵġ

ͻƹӴԴ˵Ĺ۸кܲҲ˳ӦˣҲΪ꿪˫ĺһõĻ

˱ӣⲻ
ڻƹǶ˼ƥĲȥ޻˶ʮ޻ԼһЩ֮ģȥ˲Щǡ

ͤһֱ¿ﲻ˵ȴǣųʲôʲôûЩͤӣͬʱҲܸųһЩ

ⶫҲ󣬱˶ˡֻ䣬ͶһЩţҲͲˡ

ֻ̫ܹ࣬ͳȥ
⳵ܵñţ죬Ҳݳһأ⳵ǻȥ

·ʱţߣһƽʱڴһֲ̺֣һǸմ

塣к
ͣ³ѿǡ

Ȼ˵ֻ˵һˣЩˮ˶֪ҼҾãи첡ĵѼҵ׶ĿˣȻ֪Ƿܻ

ڴˣҲƣȴ֮ǰ£ɫѿ˵˵ǲǵʲôˣ

壬γԣ

Ų·ҰݵĴţҲ㣬רΪ˸Ů£ȥһˣмûٴ˵ûĲĥ˼͸˵ڷ磬ʲôˣרѹû졣

⻰ˡ
壬˵һ˼ңܵʲôˣ

Ҳ룬ٶ˼ҾͲԸ˵ˡ㻹Ǻúɣʲôˣ᲻⿪ҿѰ졣

Ҳ֪˵ѰܾѰ죬ֻһʱҲ˵ʲôȻ֮δ¶ԣţȻܺͬУ߸ġ

⳵ʽ㵽ô£Ҳ˵ܶһ·صĻصˮ塣

⳵ʱ˲Ŀ
ܣⲻдֻ֮ܰǰĻóʱҲʶԼоЩ̫ˡ

˵ȥͰ¸ͤ˵ˣ˵ϲš
ŹֻͤǾУַ»֪Ϊ

ǲǺйأ

ʵҲ뵽ˣԭǸųӣܻˣԺ˵ֻˣǸˡ

ǲȢɣŴʾñܾԹⱨ
뵽֮ǰ˵ģںһͷǰݰֵܵĴԡ

ǣ϶
ʵͤѾ¸ΪֻǰڹЩܶԡ

˵Ȼ¾Ҹˡ
ҲŲµˣȥԼĶ

Ķ治٣޻˶ʮ˼ƥʺﱻģʺϸŮѵġ

ԭЬᣬҲ֪Ь֣ĳƷЬÿ˶˫СѿСۿҪˣԭӶûʲôЩҪ׼

򵥣ôֲ̥һӣ޻ϾУЩ޻ǵģֱá

֪ôϾǵһΣЩæҵģСѿԱߵң޻档
һĹССϣմһɫ

ͷҲǣֱ֣ʱһ
ٵƤ㣡

ѿæЦøˣذͷϵ޻ժָоۣ̲ס߬߬֡

ҿ

Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ӵǴͷ룬һµͼѪˣ߬˼¸ûãѪȾ϶ǡ
һۣ³Ǹָ

¶˶е¡
һ컹ţĿ⾽Ҳ죬һҲ˶٣ȴӿʼ̷죬ܿҲˣҲ֪ãôֱ㶵š

һҵԼʲô
֣ȴԷקţֻоָⱻ˺ݺݵ˱˺ü£ֱתһȦű

һֵ֣߬Ĵδɢ߳ȥȴ־̫ԣֻܵͷȥ˿β챻졣

Ĭ˺ܾãֱ߽ŴƼž
˿̧ͷʵʲô£

㣬ǸιѸˣ˵ʲô˵

ιѸ

ʲô˵˵ʲô£ʡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҿɫͦõġ




37.  ²ĸʮ壩   ͵

35

ιվԺ, ƽʵ۾һֱûֹͣĴ
ԽǿԽǸӡ

, һֱԸ, ⲻЩϢᴫﻹһӣΨ²ҵĴɩ

, ι֪ӹû㲻Ҳ֪ĶŪ, ȻȱԴ
ٹ, ڷͱ, ΪλȢϱ

⻰ʵ˵ι, ѿϱǰ֣Ծ֪ԷǹԼ, ˼һһʱĲڣιһչšǸѸļ޵ϱҲʲô

ĻƵƵ, ˺ιĶҲ㲻룬ֿʼ, ˿ڸʳͶ¡

Ϊ, û

Ȼ, 뷨Ǹһȥ, ϺָŵǰϱӰŮͻ, ˵踾, ϶ɫҲá

־͸˵, Ψ²ҵӣʱʱһ䣬ͷԵ޹ʸιƢ

ںι, ǸŮ˾ˣµӰȴûߡ
ţһʱҲ͹ˣӲǿ̳ˣ˭֪ǰȴ˸

黹Ҫ˵Ҳ˼ҪӣȻֵ̫ÿ

˵ոչҸһ굱ԣʱ򣬿ƫƫҳ˳£ҫѧ˴˼ܣ˼Һӵͷˡ

ԷˣȻºʵ˿ɲܱģԶ֮ҽǮһͨ˽ӡ

¿ɰϸ۵ģ˸ѪͷҲûٳͷȻ㣬תע

ôһǮȻҲҪˣ취ҲͭӶûֻήڼУܶһһգ˭֪ľôӣȻˡ

Ҳûִ󣬾Ƿ˻Ǯ
£Ƿ˶ʮӣ⻹ڸĨʮʵҲûô࣬ӡǮģһ㶼

Ϻòᣬ˶ʮ𾪣û뵽󽭾ȻմģǴˣĲŲһºģҲû

ʮӣɲǶ࣬һͨũôӣء
⵱ͷͻȻתǻ˵뻹ǮҲԣмҪǰæ졣

ʵҲ򵥣ŰѴѿСѿҪȥȻǶûлĻӰˡ

ҪȻ˲죬ɴ󽭿е֪ıڣʲôҲˡ
𾪵Ļ󽭣ڱʲôû˱벻Ϊһļ޵ĸˣز

ݲ˵֣ټҲˬ죬˵°ǷӾˣȻûвӦĵ

ֻǴӦ˸ôȥ

ַھ൱˿ĭȴµԼϣ˭ܲҪأ˶࣬ⲻǲĥˣιԱ˸ţ룬Ǵ֪һ

þòܳ
˻ЩӵصΪʲôҪ˵Щ

һ⣬ιɫҲ޽ǣŮˣףʵзӣҲ롭

ˣ²ᣬҲøлң֪ҾͼﰲȰɡ
˵꣬תʹˡ

ס޸־𣿡
ιһ٣ûлͷʲô󲻺ڵģǹӡ

⻰ʮָп̾һڵף˳졣Ǹһζûõģֻ䱾ǿԣ÷ּҳ

Ψһ˵ҲЩԭԶԺιû̫ĺ⣬Щл֡

ι˵ͷˡ

*

Ѻι˵¸һ顣
ͼˣǽ㣬ڸô죿

ȥͤ˭֪ͤȴ봹ƤҲ֪ʲô
Լȥ룬һô϶ûлźҪЮңҪǼ٣Ҽ޸档

Ҳ̫ˣֵ꣬Ǿûа취ˣҪ㻹ǻؼȥɣؼӦþܽˡ

⵹ҲǸ취ŮǿԻعҵģһѿĻܸߡ
ǣ˻

Ǵλؼң˵̬ҲǿˣȻɷɩӸ˼ҾͲԣܻƿ
˵Ҳȥ򲻵ѣһ

˿϶ţĿܾ

һ㶣㣬ôô϶
Це㼥£ʣֳʲôЦҲǸ˼Ҳ¡

Ҳ֪ûû֨
аɣҲʲô£黹ûţͲҪˣʱ϶а취ġ

֮󣬵ȥˣ㿴˹ͤһۡ
ûʲô˵

̧ͤۿҡ
ͲȢң֮ǰţ

ͤЦ
룬룬һӣԺ룬ܾòԽȴǰסǵȻðôķգŪôһ

Ҫڰǰȴ˵
ٲܡֱ˵ȻԸġ顯ܵϵͳͷ

Ҳ֨е㷳꣬վ˼ſ

벻룬ֻ룬ֻҸ˼ˣܾǸ˵ͷܽѿ顣ûȢûޣ͵㣬Ȣҡ

⻰ˡ
Ҳ֪ǾˣǹͤӿĶǾϲ

*

ʵڻһҲˡ
ȻóͤǸвɹͤҲǡǡһС

ͤɽˣûлģҲνĺڻ
ԻǿɽԷסɽУûеأҪҲûʲôãö֮ˡ

ҲɽΪƲɽ˵ԭ֮һ
ھ׼˹ͤûлֻܼ޸ΪӡҲû뷨׼ʶڴˣµľȥ档

תͷȥһˣͤ컧仧ˮ¡
ΪͻȻˣʮֲ죬ȴҲ֮ͬǰûжʡΪ˾ãӣ˵ֻҪܰл

Ǻ£Ȼûоܾ֮ΪϷȫףڴ˿լأһʲôȫˡ

Ҳ˵ٶȸسǣǱϳˣ˲ϣϡ





38.  ²ĸʮ   顭

36

Ҵ, ôˣ£

Ļɫʱ, ųЦ, κҪЦЦĻӡ
˭ûҲܱ, 췭Ű۵ôһˣҿŮУ

̫Ը, ̫ű, һ, Ӳм, ֻӦҪкι, Ȼ

Ҵ˵õңֵôһ, ²̫ðɣ
û뵽ܾԼһʱЩ, ܿͷӦ, ڳһɫӡ

ô, ĸļŮˣȥһһ, ûôԵĸˣ

һ˿Цݶ, ֱӵƣǰԵԵ, ֻ֪, ֺαװҴҪʲô¾ֱ˵ɣҲĨˣǵദ˲, 㻹м˽ģô˵ڷǼ鼴

㣬С㾹Դŭϰ£

˳ȵʲôڱ˼ﻹˡ

㵲סܵܣϵҴϽ߰ɣעܺƽֺαΪѱ˴ˣ֪϶ֻΪ˿ӣȻ㲻Ը˵ǾˣҾͲȥˡ

Ļ˵̫ԣͿ֮Ҳֵúԣҵ̨¶ܡ
֪ͶϤĿģԼĴգɫһһףּޡ

㲻ⷢĻᣬȴ־һ޲ӡ
ֻڶϺݺݵһֵۣˡ߳ԺţŲȴɡ

СӵĿĿ֮ǰ󽭸˵ˣȺ˿ɲǳصģҪǻˣǷضǺõģָϸ첲ȡʵѾܺˣֻװҪѺҪʵûôѡ

ȷʵѣֻҪܲҪƤ
ϵʵӣﱰ΢ʱܲһŵǰϱȻиǲˣΪȢȡ裿

ʵôпᡣ
ô죿

϶˶ţһƨڵϡ

շ飬˵⴫һ޺
žžĴϤĶʱһ档

ȻȥͼԺⲻԶ·ϣһһŴȡ
⶯ܿ˿ֵĴ񣬼ǼϢĹͿڵϿ캰صϣǸΧסˡ

զˣ
ô޳

ڴǵġ׷ʡ£һѱһ˵Ĺ¡
ûϣ˵ʵ̫Ůˣһ˭֪ﲻ֮Ļ

Ȼ˱ʾʣϰأҪʲôȻ˵һԼϲѾͷƬӣ˭֪˲ŷֵŮ

֮ϲϣ˵ֵÿȦɵ㣬ʹ֪ʲô⣬Ϊĺ޳ܶĿࡣ

ǣĵĴתͷȰˡ

ѿҲǣѪĹ⣬뿴ӣզܲÿأ
ǣɲ̫á

죬Ҳû˵

£ÿһĴÿָ滹۶ӡ۶ʲôģϾѾ뵽취ˣǱ˶͸ˣҲǲĺӲǵ֮

Ҳû˵ÿһ˵һ߻ͷʹ˸ɫȥѿг

ˣû˵Ļᣬһ̽Ժȥˡ
ʱѿ˳

뿴ǣȥ˵˵
ѿһۣе㺦µСѿȥǰ

̡ӹɵؽһ
ϱһµе㲻ϲ£¶һ˵ЦЦ˵޲ǿ޵Цݡ

ѿ𣿡

ѿû˵
Сѿϣֿ㣬ӵҡҡͷ

Ӷûˣô˶ţά棬ֻЦøãǻС̿ͦǵģǲڼңζǡ

ӵͷҲ˵
һĨʵѿм¡

ڽˣ
Ҵ˵

ҴΧ۴Ŀ˸ϵۿɼǺһڣЦģ˵Ҫļˣ˼òܵǰ̣ȥ

ļޣһӣҴ˭˵ģʲôʱ˵Ҫļˣ
ѵǣ˿ɶô˵

һ˵һȥΧ۵Ĵǡ
⻰û˸ҽӲ磬˽¸͵͵ȢѿڸͶ£û˸˵ⲻǵ

˵ǰѿҲ͵ˣǸ˼ңмǣƲڣȻ˼ɵ

˽ǻϸˣ

ô˵ˣ뿴ļ޴źӶ಻㣬޹ȥǻҪģҵĺ£ҲôȥǺǲãͳĸˡ

ϻ
ֻúЦ

Ҵģ˵ûļޣļҲȷԷѿãҲŻͬ⡣

βϻǵһʶǰϱжѲҲŭˣװȥҵĺӸļޣûš

ҲװģˣҴɱ˵ôдġ
˺죺ôдģ

û˵Ҳ˵Χ۵˶˵ˡ

Ҫǵ˵ˣ¿ɲ÷ڡ
˼ҵܿԼӲɣ

˭֪᲻һ˼ҴӸļޣҪзǱ߲ã˵ʲôѾͷƬӡ

ҿ˼ڵǸСˣƸô࣬ʱʱͶ˵ҲǸбµģӵķԣ

ԺӺòãʲôϵ

ˣʲôҿѿôʹĺ룬϶мʲô£ȻӶҪ϶Ǹʲô£СѸôͽţָ֮ǰ͹ˣѿץڴ˶Բ˵£Ȼ˵ʲôʲôҪӡȺһͷߵ˵

ò˵Ƕͷ˽ͷҲ֪˵ʲôܴԷӡ
һ⻰Ťͷˡ

ţںʲôһ첻Ƥǲǣıҵ£˵ǵǡ

һֻЦ˵˵öԲֻԼ±˵
һ˵һҲȣһưɣǴ˭Ҫӣ

죬Ʋ磬۶֣ӸͷСϵĶ֡

ϱ˽ϵףҲˣһһ߾ͳӳȥ
ܵͦ죬ܱ߻ͷ

һ־硣
˵עתˣǣŮԺȥϡ

Ӻһӣ֪ôճ
㣬㵽״ô죿ܲһֱ˿϶Ҫ

ܣܿзˡ

*

ܿȷʵܿ죬Ĳ˼ң˵үү㡣ȥһˣ˵ڶҪȥ

е㱻ˣ㲻һһڸʲôһ˵լأһ˵ͤϻ

˵Щ²ԣ¸ǰʲôϵ
ؼ㣬ʹͤ˶˵һӡҲˣﻹͦżġ

ǰţԵڶһ͸ţˡ
Թ˲ųţӲǰֳ档

ͤ°ѾܶˣߵûڵԽԽˣרű˴ڳϣùͤ

һ·޻
سǣţͣŲŴ

³˵˻תˣ͹ͤһڳϵȡ
ȵʱܾã۳ſˣȵҲЩĸָ꣬ȥ㶫ԡ

ˣҵ͹ͤ˵

Ҳ˵ﻹԸ⣿ԻлŵڲԸҲˣ˵Ѿˡ

ͤĽӣзŨŨЦ⣬ûвԸ

˵ţһӰ߳
һҲ˲˵ˣ³ӭ˹ȥ

塣

ӵؿһֿۣ˿ԶűڳϵĹͤ
ܿǸ꣬һ·ţֹڱͷŪ㣬˼䣬˼ۡ

úǺã̫ˣδҲ̫ˣƺҲõӡ

ȥҸ˵£ǸЩ˵ϱûٹ㡣չЩ²öʣϾôˣ˵δᷳ
֮ˣȴʮָӡ

Ҳ˵ȾôǾɡúã顢ͷϣСܰӹúҲһ

һᵽϱʱ¶ݵɫ
ʵ˸лл壬ллӣǴҵĺãԶġ

˺ˣû£߰߰ɡˣܵأֵ
ͣһӱ㣬ˡ

ȥˡ壬Ҫǳߣ
£߱߳԰ɡ

ȥ·ϣһ߳űһ˵Ż
˵ǰͷ˵Ҳ㡣͹ͤں档ǰͷûע⵽ߣӻͳֽͤ

Ρ

Żֽǵ¾Żˡܼ򵥣žǰᡢסεддʼӦǸ˵ģ㲻϶ãҲʶӦ֡

ȴ˼оС֡

԰ͷ֮Լ㣻
ýҶ֮ˣԧס
֤١

Ҳ˲ʶͤȴϤ̧ͷȥĿڰײ
ҲϢʱ䣬ƿһоڲ֮С




39.  ²ĸʮߣ   Ϊʲôܡ

37

͹ͤ綼ֵֹġ
ͤͻȻЦһ, ʮֺ㣬֮ʵ̫ˡ

о˰죬ҲûоȻ, ּڳҪٺõ, Ҳˣ֡

˺ܶ, ǰĲ˶ˡ

ȷúȥԾ, ˭֪, ʡǮ
޷, ֻܰõһʢһ, ٸȥûܾ

˰, Ѽһ̳óȷ϶ˡ

㣬ɶأΪ˹ͤϻ, լص£ҵ˵²ֵøˣǡǾֵֹġ

ѹͤ, ǰº, ̲סˡ
³ķ, Ķô໰, ۾ҲûȥĹͤ

͹ͤ춼ֵֹġ˵ǲСѿ˵, תͷȥСѿ

СѿС˾˶˿, ȤеĴ, Ҳ˲ȥش˾ˡ

ҲһֱţɤӵʵȷʵмϲҪ˵

⻰˵һ, ʲôϲ£

㿴˹ͤһۣȥ˰ͤĻˣд˻ȥô浵

飿

ֱ°ͶҪˣѿҲСѿ˵ʲô˼

㣬͹ͤ硭ָ͹ָ֮ͤţҪԾжԾ
ô֮ǰǸ˵£ʲôþȵģǿ߾µ

Ҳû˵ֱӾд˻飡
ʲô

ʵܶ˶׵ʱ쳡ϲƣ֪ǼҲͰգ˭ȥʲô顣

ǡǡٸʵϻģһ֮ʲôìܣֻ¹ŮӼױͣȢ£õ֤

㵹ҲΪϼԭ򣬲˳ҲѸ٣ԽѿĻԹͤΪһ

Ҳ֮ǰ˵뵽ķӡ
ʲôܱѸ٣˭

򵥵ıȷԺֱ֣ûټ˵¾ͺãѿѾżңԺǹżˣްϵ

ǱѹŮǾ辶ˣɲþֻڻϼӸϼɣû˻ڽд˭þǵºڵ⣬û뵽°ú˳

ҲǲͬеԾ֮ǰҲû˵һЩί

ʵҲǹŵģ֮ǰеͤ˼
˵ôף֮ͤȴһʾޣŮ֮͸ŮӺϣӲѵҪ

ⲻͱŤˣ¸ô컹ڰ죬Сˣͤɫء

㲻ֲ֪Ƕ£ѵҪר˵

һ֪²ټˣ˭ǣ㡣
ǰĽҲͰգڵĽӱֵ꣬ȻҲǲãûǰô۵ܵˡ

úúãҵĴģֵף͹ͤ磬Ժܡ

һҲûʲôôʣԺܺúùӡͤ磬ҽԺͽˣһҪáתͷֶԹͤ˵

Ȼ

Ȼͷ¶ˣٷȻԵޱ˳
͹ͤ˲پơǹͤԲ죬ȵñ࣬ȾƲǿŲԡ

գȰʰ£ʹѹͤݷ˭֪ߵǰȴסˡ

㣬ں͹ͤ綼ˣԺͤ˯Ķ

ӣ˵ôûȴҲʵסˣû

ҪͤסһݣѿŲȥٹӣ㿴ҪҪѷӸˣ컹û϶լˣһֱҲ£ǾҪȿԺˡֻ߶߶С̫ţϹ

˵ţȻԼ˵úܶԣԴѿСѿϸС˾һòã˯ͷС˾˯β

Сѿ˵ΪʲôҪС˾˯ѿƽʱǸ˯ġ
ѿˣٸ˯Ͳˣ˵Ӳһ

ʲôһС˵𣿡Сѿ

⻰ƽһף⾪ס͹ͤܳԾ
Сѿ˭˵⻰ģ

Ļʵһ룬ѿǰסãȥñ죬С˾˯
ðɣ˭˵Ļ

㱻˸Ҳû£֮˵
ͤҲûõĶȥǲŲ֨˵̬ȡ

ôʮذѹͤȥݣְѹ̸ͤǱ˹ѿ̸õȥ

һͨѿ˾ȥ˶ݣݾʣ͹ͤ

Ƕҹˣ
ֻϧ̫ªϼûУﻨҲûУûкˡ

˼ţ뵽ˡԽԽеСί֮ǸӵĲˣæͷ˵ȥˮ
һʱһʱöȴͤҲٻʱϺͷ϶ˮϴŻ

룬ǸˣһҲͰգƽʱù˼ɣ˸ˣ񶼸ñЩܲõ

ʱȫˣǰͤʱ䲻ĶҲǷ̹ԡģʲôñܻأֻ˵ʱݲͬ뷨ȻҲǲͬġ

ͤѾԼŲϿˣ죬ŲŰţһӡ
ɫĵ׶黨ͤ׾档

Ǿ˯ɣҲһ졣еε˵æЬ˿Լıˡ

ͤŲҲˡ

͵ƻš
뻹ǸðѵϨ˲ǣ֣ͤ͵Ϩˡ

㻹书ʲôʱѧģ

ǰǶûʱǲ书ģ䲻޸֮ҲõĶȥ

ڰУͤͻᡣ

ԭͻɡ
õ𰸺ȴͻȻþ˷ķΧˡڱɣñӰԼҲڱһ㡣

룬Ͻ˯ɣʵȥʲôҹҲûʲô߻˸ˣѿûʲôòڵģǰҹʱҲ˯

ôһƽ
ǡǡʱͻȻֻ֣ýǶȼΪ꣬պûĵطһӾס

ʲôͺȥ֡

Ҳû˵ֻǸ첲΢΢ʹӴ˱ȥˡ
ŸûӦأӱ³ӿһȫİıѡ

㵽Ҫʲô

ֵļ硣
͸ƣоµ¶ȣƺЩúܴȴûٵĺ

µӣ˯һ𡣡

ڰУҲ;ܵͣƽʱ̫һдԣĪöе顣

ǿ򶨣ⲻ˯һˣҲһҪһѣҲ̫ϰ߸˯

û
ֻֽսˣܽܽȴֲۡ

ıӾһ磬ЩҲЩȣԼԼƺʲô
˭

񡭡

ͻȻٿܣţű˴˵¶ȡ

ţҵȻûãʲôҲ
ʲôܾ

ߣշһͱһְסˡ
˯˵




40.  ²ĸʮˣ   ̫ˡ

38

˯һûεľ
Դ, ҹҹΣεĶǰ¡ڿϷǰԵ, ͻȻͷٿƺܹ͸һЩǰĵ

ѵ, ʱˬܿͷһ, ڿ
ûۣܸܺо

ŷӦ, һ˯һݡ
ͬʱ, оԼ§, һֺܵ, ̫ܺظоԷϵ¶ȡ

, Ǿ˰ɣۣͿϷ۾˿
š

㶯һ, ͤûɿֵ˼ֻеεصʲôʱˣ
, îʱ

ȷʵ, , 沢û, ˵û
˰, ȥ緹˵ž, ϵֱƺûÿ˼

㡭
컹û, ˯

ͤһ̧֣ͰıӸ˻ȥƺ

ʲôʱôԵˣ
ֻܼš

ɱ, Ƕһأ޶˾˾ִΡ¶ƺߣƤȴָоһֱעӸС

е̲סˣʣܿ
Ĭһÿ

ϷͤרעƺûпӡĿӴߣһ

㡭
ܾˣû뵽һóԸ

㷴ӦһӰ˹
κ󣬹Ĺĵıӱ˿պ촽󣬹ͤƷһߡ

۵촽յһѣرԽԽߣԽԽԶűԱŲ

ҲֻŲ£˱Ӻ汧סҲ˵ҪŲ͵ŸһŲ

ʲôʱôˣ
å

˺ü䣬涼û
תͷȥͷÿͤһĨɬ

ɿ֣˻ȥĬĬģҲ֨
㣬Ūе

뵽֮ǰ˵ǾóԸ뵽֣նʱɣֻʣ˾ִٺͲڡ
ʵ֪Լ˼ҲǰΪѹ֣װģػһȴˡ

֮ǰӲΪ
бǻʺ̫Ȩ㳯ҰĽ⹫Ҳ֮ԻǻᡭԲλİɡ

ȥ˵¡
ÿ뵽ǰͶۣ۵š

תãͣʵҲǹ㣬ǡ̫ϰߡҲ𡭡

˯ͤ
˵ţؽ˻ָϣٶȻص֮ǰ״̬

ﻹ᲻룬ʵû


ܵҲᣬƮƮģͦı봹Ƥ̣ķϸ󣬵ɫıŴӴ͸⣬һĻ档

㿴еҲûעͤһֻеذ½ǡ
ûͺá֪ΪΣһĸо

Ц£ָ꣬ǵ¡
ʵҲ̫ˣ۲ۣ

뵽ţʱˡ
á

ͤҲϵؿʵû飬Ժ༸ؾͺˡ
ࡢ༸أ촽ôˡ

ѵ㲻Ը֮䣬֮

ͤӺһ㵹˵ʲô뵽ӣΪԼֻĬ

ôˣô˵
÷ڶߵૣ˵ֻһָľ룬֮䶼ܸоԷ¶ȡ

ҲûвԸС
δ£͸оҧһ¡

*

㣬ôô죿

عһգ𣿿Ǳ𿾵ðɡ˵ţװȥĲˡ

ͷȥˣڹͤԲĳˮϧûйͤǰͤһ˾ܰˮȥ˲С

ѿСѿԺ棬ͷоܵܳȥˣһͬʱ촽
Ҳ֪뵽ʲôֺһˣҲûܿ

ԷʱСѿ˾촽ôˡ
ʱڣ৵һ¾ͺˣ·ܹȥֻװ˵ʱ̵С̵ˣ֮ȴûٸͤ˦۵ӡ

ɵҲʶ˲Ծȳ԰շĵ˸϶㣺㣬òǺ͹ͤ糳˰ɣ

Ҹʲôܣ
һæֵûûܣϹ˵ġ

˵˾ûӰˣӶȥˣ˵ǳ̫ʳû
˻ݡ

ûˣͤݣֲȥݣֻ
ﾲĵģ˻Ҳˣʱݴһ죬ʶվȥݡ

ȥŷֹͤڿϣ˸ӣѾˣˮضǣһ޹ؿԼ

Ҫˮ
ͤ΢΢ĵͷ

ҲݲĲᣬͰѵʰһ£ȥ˺ˮý
ͤ˱ˮݸ

ջ֣־ͱӴסˡ
ֺܰ𪣬Ҳܴ󣬹ǽ޳ֺ

ÿ춼Ҫ˯ҪΪҵ͡ҳ嶯ˣҲһʱԽ
죡յһ˵뵽ϵΡ

ͤʱ˵ˣֻĬĬ
ݵģ԰׵գ𪵽͸ķʣܿϸϸһʮָɾĴС

ò˵˵ĳǺܾƭԵģҲ˵Ϊԭͱȹͤ󣬻ǳԭÿôԼʱ̲סͻ뵽ﻹһΪ֮۵ˡ

ˮͺˮĶô໰
˯һһˡ˯Ҳ˯š

ûзϣǾĬˣ֮ˮ˿о飬רŰ̸ǰڷŵԶЩ
ʹڼͤһֱҲװûԼ뷨ȥڡ

ι֣ͤܰ˻ˣΰ֮䣬͸о߶˸ˡ
ӦѾˡ

㡭
һ˯ů͡

ҡ
֮䣬ĥôų⣬ǲʵңֻΪ˸ѿǨ£˳ˮҴ

˵ţͤ¶ֲ԰̵ı飬ʱ˵ˡ

ˣؽ˱ϲʵ΢촽˹
ֻϧ㲢ûпﻹѰ˼ô˲

Ǳһ磬û취˯
Ҳ㲻ôˣԸ˺Σﱣ֤Ų˵תͷˡ
˾ôڿϡĥһ磬ֱû

ѿ촽ˣû˸ʡ

*

ƺһӾɴȴֵ÷з
ҵ̫ȥѿңӴ˺һ⼸Χ۷׷ס

е˵ôҲû˺ке˵̫źǶԹʱͲԸ˵ǲںѿ¶ˣȻҲڻš

˵ҪǼļޣҪͷ
мٲ̽ϢģҲ˵һٳţԺﻹôһžףԺ̽׻˲٣š

һͷպ̫Ŵ˺һ̫ŴòᣬԼҲûˣϱץ˺üѪӡӣڶղҳš

ҳţͻҶ˱ųȥƣ弯ǸļޣҵĺӴ߾ԡ

ȥϰҫڼͲòȥˣϾƽﻹָŴǮҫڶ顣

ϵ˺õòּ࣬ķͷԼңϴһˣƫƫʱһ£ﾹȻ˵Ѿļˡ

ɻҵĴϱϣ˵©죬˵鶼ݵȥˣǰŰŰġ

ڴۣ²ؼҲȥʣ˵ˣȥʵġ

׿֤ʵ£һȫ廩Ȼ




41.  ²ĸʮţ   

39

, ԺǲҾҪСˣ
㱻СѿĻʵһ㶣

ôͻȻôʣ

СѿСĶ, ʶͿ˿һ, ſͷߵĽ㡣
ѿҲˣһŮͶҪʼѧЩ֮, ȻҲǽ̸ӻûġ

ⲻ, ⼸մѿ, ߶ﶼһ鲼ͷͼ򵥵롣

СŮȥŮ, ѿҲ֨, ֻͷ
˵ССô, Ҳ֪˭

ۼڴѿǶòҲͷˣСѿԴ, ʵԸԸС

Сѿû˵СԥͱŤ

Ѿʼ, һʱô׾͸Ŀ, 㱾ҲûǿȺϾ͸Ŀڵ뷨

͵, ѿԸʲôͽʲô, ﲻǿǡ

˵⻰ʱ, 㿴˿ѿ, ѿ봹ͷ, ϶ͣƺϢ̾˿Ҳû˵ʲô

Сѿ, 뵽ʲô˵ʲôÿҲÿ죬Թ֮Ҳûᡣ
ȥͤȥ

ȥ棬Ұջ𡣡ͤԴѿ

ѿԥ£Ҳûܾ
ڹͤѾȬˣ·㣬˵ܺã̫ܣҲ˵ҲͲˡ

ͤǰС£ȺɫĻգ˰˵˾䣺ʵ˿š

Ҳ˵ŹЩе㾽

Ĭڼֻù﷭Ķ
ιΣͷϰŲӣŪͷŤι޷Żȥʱײڹͤϡ

·

ͤҲû˵ֻǿһۣĬĬι޽ӹŻԭλţҲ˲ø˵æתչ˹Ĳˡ

£΢ЩˮϹǣԵûôæˡ
ҲȥװҪȥǰæš

ȱͨĴ
Ҽǵͳ˵ҪӣȹҽɽһˣһЩá

㲻ģ⻰е̲סģ㻹ӣ
ƽʱڲµġ

Ҳ֪µж٣Ŀǰ㣬һȷʵЩ˵£ҪӾ͵һθǺãҲºڣţȻܾ

뵽뵽µӳ׺ӶǽŮ˱ܣ뵽һһ޵Ļס̲סûš

վվˡС֪

̲ͤסǰסֱۣڿн㣬ƫƫʱԺһ󶯾
СɽĽһ˵

ԶЩվԺ⣬ȥϣ
־Ӻܹܵʲô

ʣƾʲôҵĺӸļޣк򣿡

͹ͤһۣҲ죬ֻһָ˵뷨
ҲûųȥĲʢ˼ưˮŲ˲֣ȡͷϵİͷȥˡ

£

һСɽ˿ȥϺ־ĿٲȻϣڸںĹͤϡ

չ֮ͤǰļۣɫĵ׶ֻں½Ϲ˵һɫı߶ǰǴ̺֣۰´ͦΣԽԵ䣬˹Ŀ㡣

էһûϳٿ˺üۣŷ˾Ǽܸһͬҵɽˡ

һμʵ̾һ£ΪۿɼǼΪڣڿԷĴֳ˱ģֻԽԽˣ͸ɽ

ҲЩȻҲɵ˵ļˣʱͤ㱳һӵӣȻ롣

ļ޵˾ָŹͤ

־һڣһ׷ں棬һȻ֣ʱԺվˣ⻰̾


ͬʱĻ־һŵؿ㣬ɼûеͷϣϽ¶ʹɫ

ҴΪ΢΢ü
˵ǲǰɣϺ˵

΢΢촽̹Ȼǡټޣȣûиߴˣֻˣ򵥵ذ뼸׽˼Ծơ

㲻Ҫ
ͺҴⲻҪִӺν

ҵܵܵĺѣǰۼңɱ󣡡Ȼòᣬָص͹ָͤš

˵㿴ϣܿͤȴ˴硣
һټ֮Ȼ޸ԼСģ˳ڵˣʵ˾

ʵ˵Ҳǵ˶Ůƫͬպǻ룬һ뻹ӵĸˣټ޸ʲôˣ⡮䲻ϡڣҲ䲻ϡͤ
޸֮κһ顣

һʱ֮䣬ԺվŵĴǵȻҲòᡣ
δ飬δޣлڴˣҴͲöΪҲˡû£ҾͲʹˡ

ǴѿСѿ
룬˵úӸߣҼȸļޣȻҼżˡ

㡭Ȼ̫ϣһʱЩܲˣˡΣűĳһС潸

ͤվһһֱû˵īɫͫӵǰһ
ץסӣ˵Ժ˲ˡ

ëɩӡ
˵Ҳܻ䣬ſھ͵ӣ⻰ɾ˵òˣѿȻѾҴ־ˣ˼Ҹļ޲Ӧܵ˼ҼһһС潸ģҲ̫˵˿ˣΪ˼Ķϱ

ɲǡ
Ȼˣհɣֵ̫ѿ

Ա˷׷׸ͣΪȷʵڴãҲûʲô˵

ϱ˵Ǻ촽˺ü£ɫҿɲļ޲ļ޵ģϱҿɿϣҼҴ־ҵһǧһ򱶣ͻҲ֣

ѽʲôģ
Ϸ·ͻȻˮһӾ˹

ҪŮڵָʹвΪ˻֮²òļޣû뵽ȻԲ͵͵ļˣѰʲôأ

ǲģƽ
Ҳ˵ΪΣǾȻ뿪ң͸ùҲҲŶԣȴû뵽Ȼļˣ޸һˡ

ˣǰȻ¶ףټż°첻ɣҪծô죬Խ¿ҪŮ

ҲûصѸ˵ѼżңȻҲҪżңлΪ֤ﻹĪҪ

ϱ̣ҲҪӣȻҲֲȥټ־һڱߣ㱻ˡ

ʱ־ӵؿ˹ͤһۡ
ɢˡ

ëɩ߽ȵұڲ£ȴû뵽ɩĻ˺ãҪи֪֪ȵˡ͡˹ͤһۣЦеص׻˵ŮСںúùܰӹáʲôʱھƣʱһ

лɩӹˣȸպãٹհɡ

ֺ˼䣬ëɩӲߡ
ߺŷԼŹͤӣæʶ˦ӿ˷ץסһա

ӵʹڸ˰ܣ͸оԼּ£˵Ҳ󣬾ͺۣܡ

ҽȥĬ˻̲ס
ͤ봹ϼ˫յӣһĨŨŨЦһ𡣡

òջЪŰɡ

˵ô˵ͤȴ·ûƵģβƵĸǾ̲ס˵˼òе㰭µĻ

ݣҪ

ͻ֮˵һ㶣ٿ΢΢˵Ϸʣʱˣȭͷȴһ˻


봹ͷȴûסһ




42.  ²ĸʮ   ͤ˽

40

˼, ͤɽһˡ
ʵڲģȥȴͤ, ˵ľǵ·ɽ·ȫܱ, Сɽʹɽһûйǣٴһˡ

ʣ»˵Ͷ, ͤ󲡸һ˽ɽǸ
ֻܰѹͤߡ

ߵʱ, һģ, Ҳֻһ, оΪϰߡ
ǻ̲סȥ, һ˽ɽܲУ᲻ʲô⡣еԹԼñ˵Ϊ, ˵оһ𣿱Ͼʱͬա

Ǹ˾ֻĽ⹫ҲǸ߸ϵ̫
Ҳӡǲܰʲô¶࣬ǿԺ׾

ʵ̫, ֻܸԼ
ûһɣæĿ, ȴֲʴ㵽ô, Ϊǹͤߺ, űġ

ô, ͤˡ
ʱպ, й, 㻹ûӦ, ˷ӦѾ嵽⡣

ͤʱѣŸ¨, ɫЩ԰ףƺЩƣ۾ȴǼġ

㡭ôûЬͳˣ

ʶȥԼĽţͻȻնһֱ˱˿ϣŷӦԼʲô£ʱȴе㱡

˺ܾǰһҲǶδأˣҲЬûܣҲô˻ȥ

֮䣬ͤѾŵ˿ϣմ˻ңʶͰ೶ÿѩ׵㡪ƴСѩ׿ɰֺԲཱུģ˳ֱ㸧ȥ


һһ
ʱͤҲʶԼˣϵûԳʲôȴʶһȣƫ

ҲʣϾǷޣܵ¶ˣ㣬ҲûʲôǰǷ̹ԡ

ôܸǰһʱ̫ǡ
ȴǷޡ

ҲȷʵһˡҲʵߵûţۣƿĿ⣬ֱӡ

ˣ
ⲻǷϻ˶ǰˡ

ɽһ·ɡ̫ƽ
¡

ʵ˾ִ٣ĿƵı¨ϣ۾һ㻹Ȱѱ¨˵Ųۣ

ȥű¨ˣٻƺҲûôˡ°ѽɽɽһ·̫ƽ˵£ȻݸһСӡ

Сľˢźᣬһ߿ߡ֣ܳӹûһ׹
ϥϣ򿪣ŷ־һӡ

ʮһԪ߽ǡʮСԪҲмͭǮ

ôôӣ

ͤӦǸɽԻϴιͤǮӣѾǽ߾ܣû뵽һóôӡ
¸ǷǮ²óˣ

ôôӣ

֮ͤ𰸡
ԭЩǹͤ⼸ԻģȻҲûȫ˵ʵֻ⻰ô˵

ͤ˵󣬾ǹһˣֻʶԭʶļԻ
ԭǸ̥ģԭĸôһӣǸɫԻ˵ԻֻҪºãӦòȱԴΪԭಡûٻҩǮ

ҲżҩǮԣľ̰ģû뵽ɥڡҲãûҲҲȥˣһӣŸʶһԻ˰֣˼µ۳Ҳ첻ˣû뵽ˡ

ԴԭӾͷٵĿΪĳЩԭԵıҲ·ʦͨ

Իֻ̾쿪ۣʵϵֻԼ֤ܳʦˣʹŻǹӵĴɽСɽԻ˳ƽʱڲΣٽĶ࣬Ȼ˲ӡ

ڲΣҼǵǰ˵˿вΣúȰѲ˩ˣ

ǴĶĹ£
ͤҲҰ־죬ԻҲôġǶͨ˵С书˵ȴˡ

⸱ӣ۾棬·ֻصŽʱӣԵʲôϡŹֵ¶档
ֻһŹոһյ٣ɼ뵽ʱ壬̽ǲǸˣͤĶʱһ̲ˮ

Ҳ˳ɽĲζģ˻ɾһ˿˲ǰú˩˲γɾݵˡ

ģһýζһʮͶ룬ƺһȥȥһζվ⿴˿ûҽСŮˡ

˶ٺõġ
ʮָˣڷϵȫ˵棬ͿԿʼ׼ǷӵˣΪͤ˽ǮϵĶ̰࣬ĵש߷

ש߷ҪӣֱӾ˳
㣬Ķש߷Ҫ֪һש߷ɲˡ

ͤӡ
ôӣ

Ϊ򣬹ͤĿһ£˶⣬æ˵Ӿӣܡ

ʵҲйµġ
ͤ׺һֱûĿڣǽи硣ͤҲЩϸ֦ĩڵģҲû˵ʲôչͤɽ겻ᣬʵڿȥ٩䣬ǲǵĽˡ

Ϊ٩֮ԣ׷˵ܵܺü£ȻЦ֣ʱ溰ҲʽĿˡ

ϲϼϲȻеִ٣ҲǸ󷽵ˣΪϲã̲ס·Ӹôǲźá

ʱͤ䲻֮ǰӦëɩҪھƣҪȰˣ
һ㶣תȷʵҲðˣȻæҲ˲ϡ

ˣôʱ˵
úɵ˹ͤһۣϸ룬һ䣺Ǹðڣ֮ǰǲǸû˼ң

ðɣ¶ˡ

*

㻹Ǵҡ
ʵһֱͦųǸطһ˵ĸܣҵ̫ѹ֣ϵңʱӦø֧ŵġҡûи֧ţѹֵӡ

ַ뿪ˣÿؼңҽӡ
ۼϲȥˣϾǸļˣҪ˵һ

ͤ費Ҫͬȥ
ԥ£ͷ

ҪһνֻٳǰĿЩ磬ʱճĬҲûע

רҽţϳһĿ˼Щͤרȥĸ㡢ǡҶ⡣

ǵµķף׵ʱҪ׼Щ͹ͤѾˣ˵ǶҲ̫׵֮ͤǰϰ׶׼ˣ۵Ҳף׼һ⣬ҪʮӷŽȥ

ˣʲô֪Ҳû˵ʲô
һ·ʮְƺ֪ҲʲôõطÿȥﶼģȻĲͷŵҸô˵ҲĬţи¡

ţҴ⣬ĸ˶ӭ˳˳ͤ³ѿһһӳϱ¡

նϷŵĶ۾һ߹ôôЩЩô˵ţѾȥˡ

Ҳû˵ʲô˳ȻǺõģȻɩԸ񣬲ЩǸġ

ڹͤϳɵؿۣϼĿȴϡ
۳ڸɩ˵Ĵ㣬˹ͤһѣҪǵȻҵ˵ʲôģǧ򵣴

²ᣬݣ£ȥ⣬ͷ˵˾ˣ˿͡
䣬ʹһЩƵ˱˵߿˼ͯ

ûǰЦŵƢɩӸǵˮ
ȥɡ

*

ģëնһͱͱߵ没
ϼعû˵

ôǣնֵؿһۡ
ղſĶû

նҲûϸ룬ָЦев衢аǡмӡ⡭˵ţҲʶԾѵҸôЩö۲һһΣ

ƤǳĶΪ˼Ҫأ
ʵҲǣÿμеʲôöĴβͷȻô˵Щţʵÿζնϼǰ

ʲôأ㣬ûоЩ죿
¿ɰնˡ

ʲô첻ģ˼ѵ
ϼɫ࣬ѹ룬ʲôУõôЩôࣿЩöӡһ˵һ廰նסװź첼ʲôģ

նָ£ƺˡ
˼˵

иǸ㲻֣죿

նһڽˣݺݵػƣ㲻˵һûǺۼңǸɽˣҼǵõС壬˵ɽ˻һûϢС˼Ū⣬ҲͲˡ˵۵ϲװ࡭

ҲϼΪβԸն˵ԭɩûӣʲôͷϣһ׼ᡣ

ϼƢ˵ʲôʱǱߴһ˵ˣ
ϵĴɤš




43.  ²ĸʮһ   Ƿӡ

41

˵ͷ
ϰ, ָϵ㣬ڹͤϵ˵㡣

ʲôʱ־ˣˣô˵˺һϲ˵

㲻ϲĥ, Լؽ˵, ҪǺ벻ǱݣеطԼ, Ѿ͹ͤ˻飬Ѿ, ǻؼ֪

һ, ޴ؿ˿Ů, ȥŵĹͤ, žžા
ɻ˵ʲôݵͻȻһ, ȥŷͯˡ

ɫзףŹȵ¶һ˫۾·˶Ƶֱֱͤȥ, ͬʱݵӻţƺŭġ

ˮ߽, , ôˣ

ͯ·ʲôƵ, ۾СӺ͹ͤشת, ʧЦؿ㡣

ð, ǿɶϢˣǲǣһټ, һ׽˰ͨ, ǡ

ⶼ˵ʲôʲô

㻹Щһͷˮȴ˲ɷ뵽Ķȥˡ

Ҳˣ, ˵ʲô

˵˵ʲô㡪ֱͯӶŹͤȥˣһɽԻϦʳȻҲҹŮҡ

˵߲ΡΡߣĹƺѵͤ

Ϻæǰȥ䲻еľҲͯƲͤ

ϴλľҲˣվЦܵԸԸ⣬ѾǹżҵˣҪǲǣ˱ǡ

קסͤĸ첲ߡ

ͯÿ˵һ߸˳һ߿źŮߡ
վ͵նϼҲվסˣæˣһͨҺͯȥˣš

֮һͣô¡
ԭͯͼͤŹͤɽ˵ݣƲ𡣹ͤһΣ֮δͯƲϹͤСӸŹͤŪ⣬Ҳûֻһֻ۱һֻۡ

һ

Ҳ֮ͯǰŮ͵ӵҥԺ͹ͤˣɲʶͤΪ֮ǰΪܳм䴩ߡ

ôʵ֮ɺˣֻйͤô£ȴ˵

ˣ͹ͤ鶼ˣľѳۡ
Сӵ˽½֪ͣŮΪκ־룬۶Ҳ˵ʲô
նϼڡƸ񡯶࣬ҲСǻؼҪ༸˳ԷȻֻ˵Ȱ͵ĺû˵ġ

˶̬ȣȻҲ⣬ʲôͬ˽¡㲦ɷڵ֪ͤȻʮӵƸնϼϲ⣬һȻ²ᡣ

ֻͯ

ҲҪˣ׹ͤΪһаЩƸ񡯣רŰʮƸ˼ֻŲ˵

ҲЩ˵Ȼͷ˳
˹ͤү㼸˻ҳ˶ٷߣȣǹˡ

ؼҵ·ϣ㿴˹ͤһһۡ
ͤЩ̲סˣǰͷϳֺ˵Ŀյһס֡

*

֮ǰھˡ
ͤȥϣ˲ٲ˻

ףҲû̫ˣֻƽ΢׽һЩ˼ңȻٲëɩˡ

ģķұޣڰĴԵøͻأӾô֮ǰĴҳԾƵʹˣ֪ѿټްھˡ

ΪټޣȻôģû˼ҲŴš
оͰˣ֪һϢҵѹ־һ̲ס˵䣬־˻ȥ

ҲѵһˣܵˣȥԶǴȻҲٲ˿ޡ
֮һؼë

һжСԺûʲôϵԾƵˣĴʰо֣æһˮԡ

ʱоͤЩֵֹģûϣɵٻʱûӵĺѣۡ

⡭ʲôʱ׼Щ
ǿϵıӣ϶һ첼ɫȼͨĺɫ

֮ǰȥʱðġֳȥԡﻻ˲ãҲǸϲˡ

ګګе㲻֪˵ʲô
ͤһۣ򶨵ҲǵĶҹ

*

Ѿûʲôˡ
ֻǵһֱĥ˻ˣӦˣȴǲԸŹԼ

ֱѾˣϡǵƺʰǻ̫ˣֻиģӡ˯ˡ

ٴоϺܳһ˵⣬ƺϨˣȴů͡
£ƿѹ˵ıӣȴ첲һ

֮ҹ£նӶʱյûȣñǱ˰ѻյѰ

ڱ䶯ţͷֻһֱɲ¿ǵĲԼƺ˽ˣһЩ죬ﾽòˣʵڲˣţͻȻƿһ졣

ˣҸЩ񣬳˵緹˯һ

ر۾Ҳ˵
ֱͤ׾Сֻ¶һͷ޹Сޣ̲סͷһѡ

æ꣬ñӰͤҲ˵űӲɡ
Ҳ󣬲ĥĥ֪ʱͤʹӿµȥˡ

ѹˣ̫ˡ
ҺСѿڽҡ

·Ǵӱǻ̫߳ˣõػ˵ͷ¿ûֲĥʵ˵ڣֻôίĲϡġ

˺һŸоϵȥ
æñӵţٽԼŪ߰á

оһ˲תһ̧ͷͶϹͤ΢΢Щ۾
ɫƽΨ۾е㷺죬ҲЩԣһ˲ض㣬վһȥ񹻲ȥˡ

һ磬죬ĻƵգĥһˡ

*

ѾתǸͲסӵģҪǷӾ;硣
Ǹ˹ӣô˴ţ»ڶͿʼæˡ

ͤȥϵשߣ͵ܵȥæպõ߽Ͱ﹤죬һ̯Ū뱸ôˡ

ǷڴɲС£﹤ڴܸɻĺӣʮ˵ÿжʮĵĹǮһٷ¿ڴСķ粨

ּһשߴЩ˶֪ҪǮĽġв²ѿĶŪôĳ֮ķԷڴﴫ÷з

ɼ춼Ǳ֪Ҳ࣬ȥҲʲȻ
ֻ֪ѿҵĺǸɽԻЩɽҲûأ㲻ϵţҲȫҹˮ壬ԼסķҪǵġ

˵ô˵ǰŰɡɽ˲üͽıڣôŪóôų
ȻЩ˽µĴ⣬Ϊ˲ٰ﹤Ǵ˼ǮΪһЩ˼ûٴͷЩİ﹤ˣҪæ˵ЩûȰЩС˼̽ˡ

ͷæ÷һͷҵӿɲù
ǰ飬ǱҲյûţմ»ϢûգҪծˡ

û棬ģؾûϴκ˵ˣҲһϴλ͵ɫһײϵĴ¹ô˵ô֣֮һ仰ӡ

Ӳʩûá

һõóôӣĶ¡պҪô١Ļˡ

졣

Ҫ֪ССôˣҫڻ飬Ӿ͹ýͣͻȻóʮӻծظû·

һıԣùѪͷϺ̾߬ź̴һơ
ƽʱҪ˵ɽҲ˵ˣ֪ʱ͸Իݣ־ɵȰڿϵֱϡ

־л˵
䲻һ仰Ǻι鲻ķվš

ʲô£ûš־Щ͵
ιҲɫִе㲻֪⼸Щģʵܵûš

Ҳϡ£ڴﶼʲôϡ£ϱ޹ͷ¼޹ǡġᡯ϶Ǹ޶йءӻ̣ټҲûôûҴֻƽʱעͳɡ

Ҳ֪£֮ǰʹźιɻԴι˵ġɫÿҲѶϱţʹˡ

־ȻҲ֪ι֣Ķӣɫԥ˳ȥûվͱιһˡ

Ӱʧ⣬ϥڿϵϣ৵һºˡ
ڿû˵

ڿͷϺ˿̹̾˿ʣ˭ҪأĶɡ
⻰ϵˣٵ⼸ӰˣҪӵʱˣҪӵʱһܵñһ졣

ϺûӣûУˣǲҪء

ǵģƣ޷ǹӿġ
ŭСӣԱȰȻܰϷŻһһһ㡣

ϴ϶һһΨǹѸˡ

˵ʵҿŮ˵ȻǺι
Ϻû˵ֻǰરળź̡

ԽԽģۼҾЩأ汲ģԵڣУۼڴأ嶼֪ˣָôЦۡ

˵ô죿ǳģϺһ̹۾󽭵ȥˡ

ҲңЩûٱϴϱָ׹εѪһǳһ֮ǰϺˣ̹ʧһ£ϻиټ
ʱͷڿţҲ

ͻȻһվػҪۼҵġ
˭ģϺһ㶡

ǹѸ




44.  ²ĸʮ   ǹͤ衭

42

˾ͻҡ
־, һˡ

͵־һ㶣ι·ûɫͷЩϲ, ЩǵʵͲס, ȥ˰Һ˺ǻˡ

־ϳְ̿հ, ˻ƺЩ̾ƺе˵Ǻ¡
ȷʵǺ, , ˵Ǹޡ

ʵƽʱҲûʲô, һһĬ, һûһ˵Ҳ, Ǽ£ȴ֪˵Щʲô

־ʵΣղŲ˵Եʲ, Ҫȥ뼦ˮŵס

ι㲦־, Ȼ˵ȥ, ֻ˳ŵ˵ͷ
־ȥ, ϵҶ, ˵ܵܣ

ι, ɫ˲
ʵ˵ȥ, ƭ־, Ѱܿĵڶʵ̫, ֮⡣

ϷΪƣΪ˳´չε˽ȥ󷿶˶֪Ҫ㣬־֪Ž˳

⻹һ£ϴǼĶص⡣
ټ޸֮ǰϾﰵôʮĶصĵҪȥûӻ硣
Ϊˣûպʹɻ

һʱ㲻һֳ¡޽Ժ󣬺ιҲ㶼˽⣬ϵԸ϶ĵأǻԡ֪ˣҵӾûˡΪɣǼĶص⡣

ΨһģԼŶԿУԼЩ
־һ޶ҲһͿܲܶȥˡ

±˵ιŮСԴ

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˰﹤͹ͤҲȥæˣ϶֮ǰѷӸǺá
Ҳû£æ

˵ùһٷģʮ˵ķҲǴơ
ҿм﹤ҵϱæһģ﹤ǮЩϸͲøǮˣܶٷͳɡ

ʹˣҲæòᡣ

˶࣬˵˵ʹְѻˡҲûѰĵطڸǷӵԱ˴˸˽ڴϴ⡣Ǳ߸ɻ˼Ҳͦ֡
˶ھӣ举Ƕ飬ҳҶ̣Ҳ˲ٱ˼ҵл

ҵ£ǴȺġ

˵
ɲǣ
ôˣ

ԭһֱͷǷǮţϧûס
ҲǣˮŶĵطͷŸƨһʱβ֪˵ĴҪծ

ͷξˣĵֽڰס嶼֪ͷǮǷ˲ӡ

ټιص⣬ϱĹСϿȥϱ˵ص£ǱߺιͱŶĺ˵£ûܳɹ

ⲻϾˣԹӲãﶼˣιȻҲʾ
ţֵˣǸϲֵģʧ֮£ιˤһӣСˡ

ڴﴫ÷зҲ̫æƽʱֲϲһ˵ǵǣŻ᲻֪
Ҫ˵ѿˣôǿߣ뿪Ǻ£ӹġ˵ĸˣһ߶˵ţһ߳ǸɻǱ߼˼ۡ

ͷѾʼˣȴűȻظŻ
ӵĵػѾˣѾڰŹָͤ㣬Ŵ׻ҽͿĨשש

ͤҲڣǸ˻ϡƽʱͦģºº󣬲ŷֻϸûڵԿڹǼϵļ͸Уֲ˾̫

ɫ˹ȥ
ƺоڿԼͤ˹ƽƵ۾һƣʱһ̲סƫŷԱ߼ϱЦ

ˡ

һ곤ĸæˣʲôأĽ˼Сڣ
ԱһСϱЦŵ٩ɲĽ

û˵꣬˲ˣ»˵úû޹Ƶġ
һȺЦЦ֣ƺôˡ˿̲סֿǱһۣЦЦͷɻ

һֱԻؼңڻؼҵ·ϣ¡
Сˣ

ʲô
Ͱ¸ͤ˵ˡ

󣬹ͤҲû˵ʲô
ʵ˵ʲôأϾǱ˼ҵ£˵Ҳ޸еģΪҸǰôһϵټ־һֱҪӣûˣЩꡣ

ͬʱҵղá
һӶΪûˡһƬѹС

ιҰһ־һ߿һߵⳡﵹûʲô˼Ҷ˵̥ǶӣҪôãҲСӣôûˡ
־üһƬƸС

ҲԹңҲøҲҲΪ۶Ժ󣬼Ǽܳģ۶ӳѵ㲻˺ҫһȥ飬⣬ҹҫ棿Ψһ߬ˣԺﶼƫŴ󷿣Ҳ£˭뵽

ι޿䣬־Ҳ顣
˵ʵɵǹڳĬΪûӣȻֱ

ƽʱƫ󷿣ƫģƫҫڣ֪ҪһûӣҪﵱһӵţ

˭ûأûжӾûϣԵţʵҲûʲô
ͻȻжˣû˵ζûˣֱʱ־ᵽͻȻĿʲôо

ιʵ˵ûжѵΪӴ㣿ﲻԸĵأƫƫϱױΪʲôΪûӣҪûá
Ӧжӵģȴûˡ

棬ϵĿ
ڿޣҲ

Ϊʱ򲻿ޣȫԼˣԼƵһֶΡ
ƽʱֶζ־ʮֺʹɴʱ˿ķȴԽԽŨ

£ɩɩһ仰˵ԼǼңһӶţ˵仰ʵûλõģѿΪʲôһҪţ˵ǰѰأǾӹÿͷһ˶۸ۡ

ᵽѿ־һִĴ̹ǸС
ǰûججƺʲôףһϦ֮ƺʲôˡ

Թ˭أ
ԹԹԹ

ҶҪǷּҳȥɣ

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˵¸ǷӣʱǸƵġ
Ϊʱ̫ϣۼһһ䣬ͱԹˡ

һգڸǺˡ
ϷҸ᷿ӣԼԺĲé
ԺǽҲשģңӦˮɵķˡ

ӸǺ죬ﲻΧ۹ϲ˵пһҪơ
ȻҲֻô˵˵Ϊѩˡ

ˮشǼΪģÿ궼һʮĶһֱ»ԺŻὥתů
һ죬ҶڼèƽʱٳžٳţϾµ·ߣ캮ضģҲûʲô¸ɡ

ⷿӻҪðҿĲࡣ

㽫ֻëͲǹͤרŸģǰµƤģ滹˸ͭƵС¯

䣬ǰǣҲãҲһģվһԿͤæȻ죬·ÿĿϲ񣬵ȼ

Ҫˣһҹʱ£ظա·ʪأ䣬Ϊѷӿ͸ˣʡ

ҿͤǰ˺ܶߵĲ񷿶ˣмҲ˲һû⡣

ոհɡͤϵĻҳ
˵˼ٹӾܰˣ

üɫ̲ͤסЦЦԴ˳ԺϵЦԽԽ࣬ǰսʱģ
ôסݣ

촽ͼɻأҵǼסݣǷӵ׾ˣ㿴ǰݶ©ˣææµĲŴҲʵҲûã䣬ֻܶڿϣض¡

ֻ
ɡ

ҲǹͤģԴ·Ǻú֪䣬ʲôɣȥˣƽʱֻȿˮ˵ߡ

ѿʹ㣬֪ػСѿ첻µأ̲סͻʡ

ô˵
ֻܳЩĻ

һ죬ô
СѿҲˣԼˣΪʾԼʵҲûôÿͤ·ջզզ

ô˵ͤҲôּϵⶼˣְۣģž̲סһ¡



ͤջ֣Ŀڿһ£ƿʵⷿҪסҲסġ
һ㶣㲻˵ա

Ҿôһ˵ˣȵʱѿͳסɡ

ôֳסˣ
һͷˮҲûŪףŹͤƾһ״¡

Ժţϻѩδ·ر׻ͤס֣ҿ˿ҲûˣͷǣţҲ֮ǰͤתƻ¡

֨֨
峿ˬţƺǣԼˤ㻹ȥԱû߹ѩ

ͤݸһЦ
ôһһ棬쵽ŵʱģȴ̧ͷͿվԺĺι

£
ιӵؿһۡ

աץ顯ƺĿʹʱʮǱĵ׵ûϹѿ
ñԼãҲƲϡ

ٴѣ˵Ƕ֮ģ˵ǵҺѲϺȺˣͻȻһָͬܣǵռϷ硣
ۺ󲻺ΪĶ죬ĿûﵽֵҼɹַ֮ô£ʵιҲ˵ֻ˵ɡ

ͺ񵱳˱˵ˣȴһЩš

ʵҽһ㣬ҵ·ƺǺһˣһֱûᡭҺʹ־ڸּˣûطסô䣬ȥ˵ûĵطˣΨһġ㿴ܲܡ




45.  ²ĸʮ   

43

ܲܰѾɷŲס
βע, ι˶촽еѿشͷ

һ黨ްǺɫ޿㡣˵Ѳ, ɶԱȶ㡪Ҳһް, ȴΪģɫͻ², ƺרŽɫ޲ȹ, ˲һ

ϻŸëͲ, ëɫô, ѩѩ׵, 覣Ī͸һԲλС

ƺ, ĶˣιҲ˵ƺòһˣҪ˵ЩҲ, ɾǱˡ
ƺ׾ˣɫҲ˺ܶ࡭

ȺιȻ, 㱵ߴһá
ʶ̧, ϶ԷûгЦ۾, ͻȻһ, һɸм֮

лл

ֻǼ򵥵ĵǸ֮, ιȴ˵÷, Ĳ, ʵĸмġǡǡĻŷѳڡ

Ϊ̫Ҳ̫Ц

ΪԱ, ΪԷòãȴû뵽ͷšԷǵû
ɲ̫Ц

ǷҲֻǽסҪڳ㵹ҲлңҪллԭɡ

ιִٵصͷֶǿЦЦ鼫Ϊӵ뿪ˡ

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㻹º֪ǴηּҺιûռʲôˡ
Ҳʡ͵ĵƣῴϴ϶ͻȻػծ֮ǰûȰѼĵطˣһɿ

Ȼ϶СңԼС˼һжǶϱ

ͻҶֱҲ磬֪鼱֮£ǹ˦ᵽ֮ǰι˵˼лǡģĵģԺˣּҸô㡣

ϱͶԺι¿ץѱˣǼ٣֮ǺιĴ
ݾͲһһ֮Ľϳ˼ţ

һк㲢ûʲôϵȻӦ˺ι;졣
æһ죬ŰѼҰɾ

мëɩһҶæˣСӣҲǴëɩ֪־Ǳϳġ

ǸĺݵģҲܶӶϱûеطסͰϣŻ־ι·

꣬꣬Ҳûʲô뷨

ߣëɩ·Էһ֡һͷ־źιҶֻСĺɫͺĶס֮ǰס˴ĵط

ȳ극ҡ
æˣæʰо֣ѾڲҪס˵Ķˡæ꣬һУ̲ס͹ͤҪѿס䣬ʲôҲиӦ

ǺͳסҲӦݣСһ䣬һ䣬ڸǷĵʱǰƻõģȻ¹ͤ˵

ּѿĺС˾ڶææȥСѿΧԼͽĿת˺üȦҲ˵ʲô

Ъˣ˱ѣ㱾æһ˯ģɻûͣϾ
ưͣʵﻹͦõģ;ǰܲסʱץҧţպסͱָͤ˱ݡ

ûˡ
ˣΪιͤһҪóСס䣬ԭΪ⡣

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һȺСܲͷ˽һкţһߴץӻ֮Ĺӣÿͯᶵš

ѿСѿһԣЦӯӯģֳԺյعأһǲݵģһʱĺͯͻȺӰҰꡣ

ȻҲÿҶȥ⻧˼ڴԵãʲôõ̫ȥ

ȻţһЩ˼ɸǡǡҲ֤ҼҾʵ˲СԵá˭ԸڴԵأǺ߼ҴǡǡҲǽʵһ֡

һ磬ѿСѿ׼ˡĻѣһ˸СᶵѰǵСŮһͬŸ˰ꡣ

мѿСѿһС顯ˣѿô󷽣װĹֶֺãЩļûеĳ

ⲻһһˡ

֣ѿҲûС̬Ǵѿе˵ԾкСȵĻϾҲʶеĺͯ

Це㲢ûзִŮ͹ͤһɫ
Ⲧͯߣʱ㻹Ҫ·ҲȺиرСģҲ겻·Щȵƺǽġ

ʵҲǣǵϰףҲǰͷģҪùӣɲö
״ﲻԣ˼ռƽʱǺȵСƶţ˵С죬Ҳ͹ʱԣ㣬˼Ҷ׼Լұĳӣûеġ

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ϸģ׼Щӣô֪˴ĺͯŰߺԹͤ

뷨ǱϾŻܶ˼ҹϵҲкţҲǼ֮ǰͤȴ׼˺ܶӣʱ˵׼̫Բˣȴû뵽˴ó

ȻڴסˣԵûġ

ҲǣٽϽѿţͻȻһ˾ȻŮСܣ֪΢С

ҡ
һ磬͹ͤʹѿˡ֮ǰͻȥˣʮǳ˶ԲʹҴҸϻ˼ҡ

֮ǰ£ټ˻˲˵Ҳû˵ʲô
ȡ֣˽ҲϹȥˡ

м䣬Ϻ˵ĸŮ֮˽ʱûж
Ҳգᵽ͹ͤҲһˣ˷˵ƵЩ֣˵ĶӦжŶԡ

ͬʱҲ뵽ԭǸµĸ˵ŮԴСѿһֱûж

ǰԭҲ͵͵пµҲ˵ž֮ǰ˵ӣ̫Ҫ֮ģԴռԭӺû£ʱһֳĸо

Ϊ磬֮
ͤΪ˶Ҳûйʡ

ʱһȵģпնΪﻹҪ߱˼ң˾Ͳǻˡ

ǱʱЦеǿ۵ײ磬᲻ڵʲôأ鲻ˡ

ûжСѿѧһ㣬ԭ˵һ顣ΪСʱϺ˵ʱûб

СѿΪСʲô˼ѿǶˣ˹ͤһۣĿ˸
ͤĬ£СѿҪ⻰˵

ǲǾ˵ôŴĺ˵͵͵ģǵСܣСѿʡ

ͤһЦͷ
ѿض£ͻȻסСѿ֣Сѿȥˡ

ȥɡ
߳ţͤĿ¶˼

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ΪԼصĺܺãʵһһС˶

ڹ̲ͤסҪҪ˵ʲôԼ̲סˣ/֮ûˣͤˮʰ

һæ꣬ڰ䲻˾䣺Ҫ𣿡
ͤĬ£ǱߵıҴҴ

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Ǻõģƫƫ㷴Щƽˡ
Ϊ˵Ե

ͤ̾һڣ˹ЩҲ˵̫ףӦö˵ŮԵлûвƽϣ㣬Ѿһĸ֡
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ӣŮһǺõģҡ
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ΪרѰ̫ҽѧġѧõ֪ЩССʹһЩҩһ־졣

µηУ㻹ιͤ
ΪѾһֱܷӦҲûж룬һظ֮С

ܻϲ̲סתͷľӣһڡ
ߣʶԼ֮٣ѾˣûƣҲͫӰ

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ֻ֪Щգܺã˿֮ùͤץҩûҩͤһЩҩţʮһһ˲ᡣ

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죬ҹòá
ֵ÷꣬ȻѾһӸϳȥˣҵӲû˶ͣ

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ǣķûԼС̣Ȼܸιǹ
һеһУʹҵĵλ½ϣżҪϱ

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ҪϺϺȥͤ͵ڵѿ

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46.  ²ĸʮģ   ˵

44

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ʱϴιص, ǷʾһֱţıͷŻֻʱ䣬֮һ, ˼Ҿͷźݻٲ˵ȥ, ȥš

ҲˣϺ
˵, ˵ϻ˵ʲô, ֻػؼҡ֮ȥΪﲻʹ, ָϱ˼Ͳϸ˵

һͷ, ͤȻ˵, ȴûԼ֡
Ҳֵ̫أȻ, ܴ֬ͤڲΣôŪǮ, õֵأ

˵֣Ҳ, ˵Ĵ˰ѵصȥ

¿ɾ, ֻӵٵ, ûӵضġ, ˵, ༸Ķؾܶ಻ٽ
ԵżҷųϢҪѵصȥ, ٴš

˵û׽Ͳ, ۵÷꣬Ҳóһ飬ڴͲ̫, ֳô£ſЦ̫ˡ

գ͹ͤŰѵص˴һʵ׳˼ҡ
Ҳգ/ķֻ֣ĳɣǵ軧˰ӡⶼϹأеضô㷨ö˵

߰ѵص°꣬ɽĻҲˡ
һԻǲԵģҰ޼һ죬ǵϢʱ򣬳ǱҪԣԼ׳ɡɴҲǰٻʢʱ֬ĺʱ

͹ͤѼﶼãӦ֮ʹӻɽˡ
СľţӼСɽľݣͤʹɽʼɽһ棬һѰ֮á

ʼ㿴ŵһƬƬҰἤֱľˣҲǹͤƬɽ̫ϤܾȷҵƷҲʺϵĵط

ڼ䣬ͤȥԻ
ԻѾͣٳȥԣͤԻɽϣԻˣȻûжӣиֶӣֶӻϡ

ڹͤڰɽȢ˸Ưϱ£ԻܸҲοСӣżҴڽӴ

ᵽСӣ㲻ԼһֱûĶӣڶԹͤҲֻһѡ
ûз֣ûпĽ䣬ͤĿЩ

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ȥ֬׬˲ӣ׬Σؼ֬ûС

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Ϊ֬ĶĸһһΪ˲⣬Ȼ⻰

Щϸ˵ƹͺˬ˵֬ҪжҪ١
㵹ҲƹȷӦֻ̬֬Ⱦ֪òôܣҲб

֮ǰʹã֬ԺȻҪƷࡣͨƷȻҲƷһƷһǮ

֮ǰùͤɹޣȥ֬ҲµɫòϸһЩŻƹ񳢵ͷ϶߸һļ۸

Ϊ½ȥ̸ͤȥҩĳ˵š
ÿһҩЩҩǹͤһ־죬Ҳ֪£Ҳûʡ

ȥҩ̣ƹڣƶԹͤ
ͤΣҩ̴ݵϲΣҪ֪ͨҩƷõϲȴȻϤ

Ŵ磬ҼƹڣҪҩ£Ҽƹˣ㵽ʱã˵طҸȥС

ʵͨҩưæҲǲУɹͤҩ˵ܸӣ⻰ҩƹ˵ģСҲҾ֡

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Щ£ȥһˣӦò˶á

УҵȻãΣҲţȻһ㡣
ƽӹľкҩذĿŹͤ뿪ˡ

ͤȥ˸ӣЩ͹ӣһֽ̣ȥ˸
ĲΣҩǮһӴ´࣬ʣ²١ͤٴβΣʲôƷʲôǮ֪ȻҲôĵİѲ¡

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ͻƹһˣֶ֬࣬Ҫÿ鿴Ȼֲ
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ôæţڼͤʱ䣬ּһ֮࣬һʱ϶ˡ
ţʱѿˡ

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ȥҩ̰ҩûʣµӣƹæãһǡ
ãǽҾȥˡ

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ҲʶŹͤΣҲûڣ˵˲˶ӣҩһӣʣ٣ȥͤ

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¹ͤҲû˵ˣͽڲΡʵڲβѣѵôڴɽ棬ԼѰΡ
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ɽʮҩȥ˽ʮǳҩԵ˲ΰɡϾ˲ΣҲֻʮ

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СֵܣҩǸи˳Եİɣ

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Сҩҩֻ˵ǣҲöʡҩһζҩ˱֮ãСᣬּޱ㣬򸾣ԵԴڽӴΪϣΪΡ

ȵȣʲôбӣͻȻ
ƹһ㶣ϵ˼á

û˵ֱ꣬ˣ˼˵ҩø˲޵ģ
Ҳô˵

һƬհףĬС

ƹɫãԼǲǶˣ͵˵ҩҩ̱㰴ץҩǣСҲʶмˣֶҲöʡּҩأ̲Ϊָ֮Ч

֪ҽޣҲ֪ˣҹɡζҩ京٣ײ˳·ãһĪǼʲô֮

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ôˣôʱͼ겻᣿

˴㼫Ϊˡ
֬˺üǮһ׬˲٣յԼճ׬ٹһ꣬Ҳ˵һζһ꣬֬϶һֻһΡ

ټ֮ǰͻƹ̸Է֮Ѿ͸¶пʾ˫ֽ˼һж죬Ȼˡ
ȸˣȻܵܵ쳣֮£ⲻѰˡ

㣬ûʲô

ü˵ûʲôҵܣһ֪ģʲôˣʲôˣˣģ׬ǮˣͷҲһݣ㿴ǽţǸԼţð£͸ˣǵʱ

ڿܵܣ˵˵ž⡣
ǡǡʮԥʹࡣ

һ·ҲˣֻǸɽԻͦصģƺʲôᡣãӹɵģǡǡӹΪνҪŽ¡

ҩǽģҩģÿΰҩǽһְ죬ֻҩ˵ιˡ

˵ͤĺãÿÿ̾ôڸʮ磬ûҲû˵ļô̺ԼŮˣ˵ﶼΪ

ɵΪʲôأ

Ϊĵͤһ㶼ҩĸлƭôֻһܣǽ֪

ȥʹͤⲻ;ˡ

˵û£ҿ£㣬ѵҪң
㣬Ҳǡ

Ǿ͸Ͻ˵
ݺݵĨ˰һǽ˵ˣ˵Ҫ侲

꣬ﻹʲô侲һƵ˦Ŷȥ

*

ͤЩԡ
ֻǵʱ˶ڣڳԷȻõʡ

գʰоֵĻȥˣݣͤԥ£ѿСѿȥ棬Ҳݡ

žͼһڿϡ


һֽӵǰ󻺻Ʈڵء
ͤһҩԼ֮ǰ쳣ʲô׵أ

ͻȻһֳ䶨֮УͬʱҲЩ㱣һ˲ԺĻ档
ã̾һȥ鷿һԺ

ǵģ鷿
ȻֶºܺͤǰѶð鷿鰸īֽⶼȫҲżϡ

ϾŮӳʺ̫ͻȻһطܸĹͤᾡãί
ΨһǡǡҲì֢ܵڡ

ȹͤߺ㾲ţĽŲȥ˶䣬Ŵֱϣһίͷ

ˡ
Ѿûίˣ

ƺʱܵЩί裬ȥЩίȲʱ˿̡

Ϊʲô
źһɻ࣬ء

֪ʲô֪ӣΪô¿ˣҧЩҩʹҩǣʹȴۡ

Ϊʲô

ΪԼܷŭصﲢŭֻɻֻίǰδе侲˱˿һԹߣԼɻίʵѾʱ䣬ڵһʱվ򿪷ţȥ

յǰͻȻ˿
˶

ͤ΢ͷûٿ뿪ˡ
ȥķ棬߳ź󣬾վûȥ׷ʣΪ֪ж

ȻȥԶԶľ鰸Ͽһֽ
߽ˣֽд֡

˵һҿܻԤ׵뿪һˡ




47.  ²ĸʮ壩   һ롭

45

˵֮ʼ, Ϊ֮Ӷ󣬡ϵͳƺ
Թȥϵϵͳ, ɲûκӦ

֪ϵͳ, һٳ־ֱӽĨɱһԤ, ʱ̶ܻᱻ롣

ΪߡĲֶƫһж޷Ԥ֪, ԤвڸĹ, ĶΣһֽ֪ܵ

©, ѡд, ǵ˵
ףʧ, ᱻϵͳֱĨɱ׼


ڣúһЩӣѾ㹻ˡ㹻ڴǧ, 㹻ܵͷڸֹĴ㹻ʧһ, ûиһĨ, õĺڰС

һе׼

ʱƺֹͣ, õΪĵϡ

ͻȻ, Ŵ򿪵, ĽŲ
Ų, ûȥתͷ

һֱң
ҡ

ָ̧ͤۡ
, ŷ֣ת

۾Щ죬ƺ޹, ̧ۣ֣ͤȴ뵽ʲôĴ¡
һִͷɥ֮С

ʱ
޴룬Цˡ

죬ЦЦµ
ͤҲûæᡣ

һӡִ

*

֮ƺִ
һֱ

ǰƤҲûоЩڷ֮һֺߡر̬ܵȣܶ
Դεºȫһˡ

ùͤʹۣԱҲգһʮɣС
Ҳ˹֣ǲУͤѾ׼ȴϢٵʱƫƫһֱûж

ǣǷ˺һҪ
̳ꡣ

ֵһǣ﷢˺ܶ£͹ͤĹͬŬ£˶ʮĶأڸССҲǸСˡ
֮෴ҵȴԽԽ

ͬڴ󷿣ۼһұȥʼúܼѣ֮Ҳˡ෴Ϊ˼ĶأӦõͶҫҲȥһֱûճ̡һֱһֱʧ֪ˣʶܶһӶҪ󷿵ţɽͻҶڱˡ

ѽ˭Ըһֱ˵ţأ
󷿵ҫһ죬ǶĶӾ͵ÿվǰиҲҫȥ顯룬ۼ벻ܳ棬ôƾʲôأ

Ҫּҡ
Ȼ˳ɣϺϺͬ⣬Ҳͬ⡣ôأּҾζҪֵسȥЩشһͰ͸պù͸ȥ飬һȥҫڶǮĶĻ˭ɣ

ʵ־ȥҵũ͸ɵûǰôˡ
ϺʹˣҪǿҲ㣬ʧȥԹ־ɽֵΪɻìܡ

ԭּȻ˲ܵ¡
ɱѹեĲԸ⣬Ǿֻˡ

󽭵Ļ£Ҳϴѣϵļƻϲϱ仯ڼֳȢ׸ǲܡ

ٵȥͲˣټϾ˱Ҫծ£ӶûˣƺԱˣƽʱӰ켸첻żҡ

֮˵ȥˣȥʲô֪Ϻöȥ˼ضûҵȲʱԼðˣȥʲôҲ˵ʧˡ

ؼΣҲˣҲˣԽԽܵԽãԵûˡ

춼ڴ̣кüͻҶǰΧۡлҶҲûٴܣһǳ˺Ƥ˵ּҷˣҲ˹֣Ƿֲ

Щ˵ģҲһΧۣϺͻҶóͷ棬죬ĿզҲ

ӹòôĵصȥͤʱȥɽתһתڲδЩ֬Ľ䲻ڹô󸻴󣬵ƧҲǹüΪˡ
һƺԶԶˣںٻþôһӣҰ帾Ҳ

ӡ
ÿ£㶼ŹͤطһͨҲ֪ΪӣӵȤˡ

Ϊʲôһֱûأ˵Ѿˡ㻹СڴѾظСϡ

κ죬üĿùͤĿת
⻰̾һڣ˵˾䡮˳Ȼ󣬾¿ȥˡ

ճţСٶˮ߹
үˮ

ͤӹתطѾĶʰĿյǵǱ̵ԽԽˡ

ǰӹͤȥ˼ˣкŮߡӡ
СĺھܰŸɵĻٹܵã̫С˷̫˼࣬ʺϡ

ˣƽʱǹͤŵģҲ˼ҵĺӶʶɫ΢㲦¾֪ɻ
ˮǰͤԼȥڶˡ

⣬ͤ˺ܶࡣ
ķһΣסĵطԱ˿أһСԺ⣬Ū˸СԺ

ͤѾ´һСɽͷãֻֻҪʲôƷ֣ӾܷѿһԺܽɽˣ֬ҪĲҲȱ

Źͤѧ꣬ѾԵɽˣȻ̫ĵطǲȥǰࡣ

ͤɽŪֻỌ̇Сţ͸ɽСɽһԺɽҲܵ֡

ͤĬĬţ˶Ϊϸ緢ȫʵֻףھһпǰ׼
ΪһտܺԤ׵뿪׼

һУ㶼
ԽǶԽǻţɵῴֲֳܱѾù๻ˣҲǡ

ÿʱԽһӡ

Ϊʲôû

ػؿϣ§һ䡣
һιͤû˵ֻļ

*

󽭱ץõ£ڴﴫ÷з

Ǵҥר֪ͨ˵͸ȥˡʱ²⣬󽭷ʲô²Ϊ֪

ԭҲ£Ҳ֪ʲôʱͺһȺСƦһˡ
ƦåҲǷģǮƵܿķᣬûǮҲֻ˳֣˼ҶҪֻȺһ͵

󽭾µ֣ߵͬǰ˼Ҷϡøһ̭ɵܻڷԣҲڶ
֮ԻţΪ͵˺һһƦϱ

󽭳˼Ҽ֪ʲôʱͺСϱˣûٱڼ͵飬ξֱץڴ

ɷץڴۡ
ֶ֮ҲޡֵܡȻ£ĺ󽭴СԷˣ˲ŲãСϱҲ͵ºԷǵûռˣˡ

ˣȻҲҶˡ
ؼûһأĴ㼸ٿ˭֪ҲǸӲ磬ǵˣִܿżѰ󽭣һȣ͵ȥˡ

ʵϢûô꾡ЩҲºġ
ʱֻ֪ͷ͵ϱȻȥš

ܿ죬ϺʹӴˣ˻Ϊ˳ǮȻҲˣ͵ϱȣִ˶Էȥſүү̸˵û˼ҵҲӦ׷ӡ

ʮ
ҩǮҲ͵ϱĲ

Ҫˡ

ҲΪֵ÷꣬תתһȦûһóôء
ֻйżҡ

Ϻŵġ
`ţɼΪ´̣ӶԸҲǴŲԸ棬ֻ

ɽĽſվϺ
ס˴ɽʱͤҲˣûᣬְѴɽеȱߣһһȥ˺Ĳ԰ӡ

һͤˣ֪ϺѼĵǡ

ûٵأһʣûĶˣԺô죿ͬˣֻǲϺȻȾ

ֻܹʮĶʳĶɳأֺֻ֮Ĵ֮ǰĶ˽ǣҲӰƣһĶʣµĵصĲһӳԶ⡣

ҫٹ³Ӧô겻ܻǳУǾҫԺǰ̡

Ҳǣ͢ȡʿף֮зз³ӦԵʸûС
ǾɣҵĵضǺõأҽ

²ᣬҺܿͨĶظżҡ
ĶȻֹʮӣʮֻԷģǱ¶Ҫ㣬ȴʱ˴˸һţϵ󽭣ǻ÷ֺʣ

Ŷˣиˡ
⸾˶ʮģò̬ͨͨ飬üĿмɫ

ǻͷġ

ºŵ֪⸾͵Сϱǵ˵ɷҲˡʮ㹻ȢƻŮ´࣬澡ʧ˵ĸȻҪһߣӸ󽭡

ҵڴֵ÷зﲻֹÿ춼ָǿߣȴûע̫࣬Ϊˡ

ӣʵģҲ̫ûûзǹͤģθҲû֮ǰã͸˳ְ˸ŵ֪ϲ¡
ˡϲǲض˵ҲǼͷȴˡ

˵ͤˣССѿ֪ﻳܵˣһжҪٵġЩ֮£ȻҲǰ˵

һĶ죬䣬һӡ




48.  ²ĸʮ   һ硭

46

յ, 
ѩͲһˣʱ¹ӳŰѩ, һҹ

ڴ, Ժ˯˯, Ըܾʵûʱ, һι, ˸, ʶԼˡ

ܾ, ƺвѩ
ŴްŹǷȥ档

, ƿһ죬࣬, ſ⿴

棬æŲѩǹͤ
ͬ, ƺͲһ, һƬѩ, ȴŵ, Ӱ·, ¶ȴĸ첲, ڵġ

ۿɼڡ

⼸ź, ͤҲӵɣһ·Ӣΰӡ
ǰʵ࣬һİ, ôɹڣǰףֻɽ֮У̫ʱ١ͤɽԣһͬģɼۿɼ࣬һ֪ⶼģĽ

㲻䣿ݰѴˡ

ӦźãǲŲš
ͤͿĴްԼΧʵʵֻ¶һС

С۵ģƺմ˹Ƿ۾ʪġ
һͷ޹Сޡ
Ǽе죬ƺǱ紵ģһһģżһ

ϽݣˣСĵȻЦ㡣

ͤ£˹
֮仹˴ֲ֣ôˣ̧ȥ

ˣԼȥѣæİɡʲԸߡ
ڻ磬˯һ

ȷʵ磬͹ͤһˣǺٶһû֪ˡ

ݴѣԼͷ
ķ٣ֻ򵥵٣Ѿ㹻ˡȥԡھ棬ԡϵˮڶǲϵġ

æٳȥѩѾɾˡ
ϵ̴ð̣ᳵ·ȥ

緹Ӧõٶô磬ҲҪ𡣡
˯ġͤΪԼ⡣

˵õɣȺǶˣôأҶûӣʱҪЦҡ

͹ͤĶӣȫĪ롣
ȡģԢԶ׼˶ԡǸʱ뿪ĪȻû϶

ˣ˸ĸóԺǸμġҲ˸ĸͤ˵ϻ͸ˣ㽫ȥ˽Ӷ飬ɹͤѰһȦû˽ۡ

ﵹкݣԶʱûȥȲᡣ
ĸ֮Ц֣ͤҲֻ֪΢΢һЦû˵Ҳһ˵Ѿˣ˵ӵȻһԡ

ڵġ

õǹͤ⣬ǰſѩˣͤɽһˣһջᣬһҰһСҰҰáЩ㹻šҳ԰ˡ
ⱻϴֿ鴦úƽʱ͸ĴԵص㹻ܾòˡ

ڶǹͤģ㸺ָӣ÷ɲڶҪߦüƵ¯￾ȱͿȡˡ

Թͤʳһܳ
ʲôǵģ˵ʲô⣬ǸļϵģǼӡ

ڳʳͷҲνʲôģֳϲԡģֻıһ

ʵ˵ˣص㣬Ҳ£ֻżų֣ҲǷ֮Ȥɡ

ҪȳԣŽ˲ָֺӡ

Դˣͤû
Ҳˣ˾Сʼ緹

м䣬˵˵ӿµ¡
ǰȢϱϱոߡһ̯¸ӣͯ϶ڣȻҲּܷҡżɵ¶ˣнԾڹżԱ˿ظ˷ӡ

ƽʱסĶ࣬ҵ٣ÿ¶ӣǷˡ

⼸żڸʮ磬ҲǴ
Ǯĵضࡣ

Щ˼ҶŹżҵĵأżһڸ˼Сɽͷֻ֬İ﹤ǸĴ񣬲˼ҶǿŹżҳԷʮҲǮƵġ

ЩǱҲҶ˵ʲô֪ŮŮʶȤȻ˺ôǲʶȤ
޵ĽѵЩΣȻ᲻ʶȤ



¾ˮҪڣǱ߿϶ҲҪڣʱҲҪȥһˡ
ͺãʱԳ֡

ˣô죿͵ǲҪȥסˣ

ʵȥҲǲԣ⼸Ҳ˲ӣȥԺӴ´ࡣ

˵ڼҪ֬֬ͼŲΪˡҲд˽лżôǮΪλһֱסƧ¡

Ϊһֱס⣿
⣬ͤһֱû۹ƺѾϰͺԹżĿǰļҾ㹻ٶټѼ⣬ɹͤʱʱɽԣƺϰߡ

ɺȻӶ£پ
ΪˣûپᣬȻҲ˵˵žͻȻᵽ¡

ͤʧЦȥסǾȥ룬ÿ⳵ͣҲǲܶ顣

˵һҶĿˣнİ취Ϳôˡ
ҲеʧЦǾġ

˾ôһ緹һ˵л඼Ǽ£һֱ˭ˣŻȻֳԷôá

ãϣһֱôȥٳǰͻȻЩ̾
ͤǣȥ

*

ûۣߴ
˻бײ֮·ض𶯡

ûۣĬĬԺļ䡣
оˣһƬϲ

Щһֱס£ס˶ʮ꣬㲻ϴ󸻴󣬵ԣ㡣
ڼŮ󣬽ޣ޵˼ҶǼҾʵƷġΨһĶҲʮֳͣ³ûʧֹ

ζо٣ڹ֮ͤС
䲻ƿƾӦԣ۽Щɬ֡߶ȶǹġ
һ˽ӵϢϲְˮ븽ʮǰԾƣѹһãҲʡǻˡ

˯֮ǰ㻹ڸ˵ҲȢˣʱŮϱͻȻ

Ȼʱƺȥ˺ܾã񲢲İ
ÿδһ磬뵽һ񣬶˵ġ

Ϊʲôʱ
ˣΣ᲻᷽ҡ

տʼһֱСһ뿪׼һȥô꣬û뿪ҲͲȥˣƫƫʱ뿪

ô㣿

һЩϤ˹ͤ˼
ۣͿһһ޼׵Ĵ󺺣ЩؿԼ

졣

ʶģȻƽʱи񣬵ΪͬǡԽߡʱʱʱһ

һԸƣ൫ɱϣһ֣ͦ⡣ĳ飬ڴԽߵ磬ΣվϵͳᰲԽͬһ磬˴ͬɱͶթŽǡ

ɴ˿ɼ뽨ǼΪѵġ
֮һ˶ĬЯֹҲкüܳɹ˳ԭ֮һݲ˵

֮ǰ˸Ĵֻһ룬Ҳ֣ôҲҪ֪sϴ˵ҪȥһˣѵҲûɱͷԱ͵⣿Цһº󣬾Ƶš

ЪԼ侲۾ͱһƬı
˵εǣ

ҲûƽڵоΧͻΧصڳǳءҪ֪ıѲǧǲбܽѱɢԹıȴн֮࣬Χ֮ǰˣʲô

ȵȡ

˵ţ۾֪ϵϵͳҲû

ϵͳܿͳԺһı顣
İȴϤ֮ǰͤͲµϵͳһֱڣֻǹⲻԼʱȸ̾ЩȻ

ϵͳµִϸ棬оơ粻ʹϵͳ̳粻ǿʣ硭ȵȡ

ҲΪ̬ȣΪֱΪsҲ˵Ǳ밴յ߱ʣԼӵе

ΪһԽߡ̫Ĳпԡ
ʱ粻£ǡǡʱݽ档ΪӵսҲһ㻹ڷɱУһԴ죬Եսֵġ

ս͵̫еĲпˣλ˶ơ

ǲܣͶ͵磬ҪôɹҪôĨɱֻֽ
Ҳû뿹˼ѾοܻĿܣֻС

Ƿܼҵġ

ϵͳûӦ
˳ʱϵͳˡ

ŴδѶӦͷͷʱЧ׷ӣǰƼǵٴѡ󽫻ᱻĨʶ

Ҳ˵ɹٽ磬Ҳܻ᲻߱񡯵ʶԵ־Ϊ־

ⲻܶģڸô




49.  Ѹ£һ   Ƽ

47

һ÷꼾
¸ͣ

ڽˮ, ÿ굽ʱǾͻԹصԹԹϰˡ
˵󲻴, ˵СҲС, ʪģߵĶǼⶼһɵùζ

, ˵ȻҲҲ˷˻š
ɽȴǳ, λϵǼȴǾˡ

ǳʢҲ, ô˵Ҳõϱ, , ҲŸճТõôŰ˼޳ţ˵, ԸԸļ޻Լ⣬ֵõһõܵĲ죿

ԺУ˵
ͷ, ңƺ˺ܶණ, һʱ

һֱȥ, , Ů, кͯ, ľȻǶ, š

ļ˾, ˺ܸˣˮ˳ԾƣҲʡǻˡæһ, Ъ£ڸͤ˵ǸøϱˣѰĺѳףΨΪ˹һֱţٲܵȥ

ͤ˵Ҫӵ˼СӴСʹ󣬹ıҲûã˹ͤ䡣
֮أ

֮˯ˣһΣͤģ˵Ҫˣ˵ȵ¸֣ҪţȻûȻˡ

ڣ

һ˲䣬ܶණӿ
ãŪԼڵ

ԭԭ㣬ǼҵĶϱ
˵ǶϱʵҲ㲻ϣǼҼĺӣŮģǼҵĳǴಡǼϾȢϱ㵱ϱ

һ֪֪ףҲԺԶӲá
뷨ͦã㣬ҲԸ⣬Ǵ󳣲Ը⡣Ǵ˵Լ֪ܻ꣬á

Ϊ⣬¾
ǼҶ֮ԻĶҲûԭΪϱ岻ãǴ󳣵ĵܹһ˺ӹǾûùԲڴǴ󳣵Դ˶Ӿͳǲġ

֮ϵûҲȥˣǰѾ˵ˣһֱֱӦ޸󳣣Ժúչ˴󳣺СӶֱ۶ȥ

֮Ͳ˵ˣʹ󳣳ף˷ޣΪԭһֱûԲ
Ƿޣʵϻá

ʱ䵽ǰҲ;ƿˣߺ˹ѡ
˵˽ȥԼ˹ѣѾҵ£ɱҵĻûꡣ

ǼҼҾںȲЩ˼ңҲ㲻ˡǼҵļҲʮĶֵǮĻˮĥ

ᵽˮĥҪ˵˵ˡ
شˮ磬Ҳ֮أһ֮Իˮ֮˵Ϊˮ࣬ˮĵطȻٲ˽ˮ֮㣬ҲνĿɽɽˮˮ

۵ıЩˮĵ̰ӡԼһˮˮĥ

С׺ΣǼҵˮĥҲǡǡεһ֧ϣˮãȲ̫ļҲˮƲˮĥƿͣǼҵˮĥڽɺ㼫á

⸽İϲĥĥ棬İաһЩж˴ڸʮᵽˮĥ뵽ıǼˮĥ

ɴ˿ɼһ˼ûˣֻһѸһ׶һҡǮʲôľ档
ΪТﻹƽТһħ־ͷ׷š

ýףҲϵ׵ܼܵҲţǽŵǳʢ

أҪһֵġ
ǳʢΪ˴߼ޡ

˵ȥЦ˴ڷعѸճТõϱȥļޣ˼ҾˣȻܱιȥ

ŪԼʲôľоһͷۡ

ߣһƬġ
ǳʢҲǱˣպԼòʱȺϲˡ

һЦҲȺ˾ӵˣֵõǹǼҵ£ˣҪүˣ

⻰ˣһȺ
Ⱥһ긾˴ͷȻˣҲͲˣʮ㿴ҪҪȥ㣿

ʮյǰ˿ӦģѾòݶѾͷȥˣ¾͸Լȥɡ

⻰˱׷ɢˡ

㶯һ£ɱʮˣĶͷˣ
ۣӳ۵׵һʮ긾˵ӡ

ԲϸĿǸˡ

֪ʮ𿴶ôУʵҲΪںǼǴ壬֮һǣֻҪǶϹϵ׷ݣȴѾ֮⡣
Ǽҵ򶫣ĵ֧ΧӣЩɢ򱱵ģ֦֦е֦

ʮ
˾ͺáһΣɰѶŻˣҲ⺢ӻ飬æʹŲݶȥңұǳʢѾҴˣġʮһ߰һߵ

ɩӡǶ˹

ҲŰ꣬嵹ͦ׳ʵģͷԵġﵣĵòˣǿŲޣۿġ

ģɩҲǰ۵˲ŻεѾûʲôˡЦŰ˵
ɩ˵ˣȻ˸ھȥ㲹ӡ

˵ţתţʮЩĵؿ⺢ӵıӰһۣתͷ˵

Դߺһ˼ң֪ǿ˵ߺǼˮĥһ˼ĪҪˣû뵽㵹þˮĥһЩжʳĥҪ֪ʲôûҪ

ʮ֪Ҳ֪ҾָһˡЦЦòԼҲΪԭ
֪ʲô֪ǿˡʮ̾֡

ԡ
Ĭ˻ʮǿ˵ڲ˵£Т󣬹֪Ǽ˾Ρǻ˼ʲôɫû˱ʮﻹʱ˾ֹٴΣǲǻǮۿģ

ļޣ˵˻ǳˮĥģһ˼ңֻС岮ΪܣǶҲǲ˵ȥҳǱ޲ɣҪ붯ˣʱ򡭡㡭

ʮ˵˵ž˵ȥˣǿЦ£ֵ˵ˣиȹ峤ҲΪӲŰÿ峤֣׼ǿ̲ؽˮĥֱôꡣ㿴ǲУȥȻ峤ȥˣ˼֡Ǽҵ϶үߵͯҲ֪·ܲͨ

ллʮˣ˵ҼҾȥԡ

˵ţѾͷݶŴˣҲû⻰⡣
˵û£Ҫעʮۼûʲôˣ͸ʹȥĲݶһͬ뿪ˡ

ǰŸߣŸ̽ˡ
뼦ˮ

ҲǵһòȣϻŵƺһЩ
࣬ɩĿϣЩڵﵹˮСĵˡȸɩӳ뼦ˮȡ

𿴶ʧСҲûԹʲô࣬ǼҼҾһµСѾͷһרϴµӡƽʱ㿴Ҳӣ¡
Ѿ㲻ˡ

ллӹ룬Цŵ
ڵض˶ţɩлңлŶԡԿˣΪ˼ΪҸ磬Ϊҡ

˵˵ţ̣صؿ

׻С㶮£ͻȻٷô£ҲǼΪŵİɣΪͻȻˣֻֿŵǼӱ
ȻǿҲ޳

òײŰסɩ˵˵ЦЦһ뼦ˮźˣŻָ
ģɩѾҵµİ취ˡ

ģ
Ȼġ




50.  Ѹ£   

48

ôοС, ʵȴġ
ʱ̣еļѾԵ֡

ԭǸҪǿˣǼҶϻʱ, ಡ, ףһԲڴ, һǸ˼ҳ춼ģʮͰŴ, ְŴˮĥ

ҲǼҶȥ, ܰˮĥþԭ֮һ

һŮ, ǳʢžε, ˵Ѿûбʲôð취ˡ
Ψһ·֮ǰʮ˵İ취

˼, ûȥԣΪйǣ⸱桭

, ݶʹˡ
ʮģԲ, Ƥ΢, ĺ׳ʵ, óǸܸɻġ

ʵǼ˼, ｲ̺ѾͷҪ˳, ֻҪܸɻ, ݶǼʲôɡ

, Ҳ̫żޣǳʢҲܱ㡣ݶο

֪ͷ, ֵˣʮӡ֮ǰĥһӼһͼȥɣ©ˣʮǶͼ

ݶе㲻Ը⣬ĥŽŲԸ㣬ȻۼҼҾ˺ãЩҲĥùģܾô󷽵ͳȥ

ЩʧЦͬʱЦִżֿɬ

֮ǰ˵ǼҺͱ˼ҲһܶŻĶСǸѸûܳˣҪΪơʮģе˼ҵ飬ǽ־棬ֻʮã˶׳ƣҪЩôԺۼ²Ըš

⵹뷨ǡܡ͸ôΪԭǰôġ
ݶǸ챿ģҲ˵Ҳ˵ˣҰͼ



ǼϵľӽΪֶ
ס඼ͨ˼ңмӻ̣ӳȥϴ֣Ҳȡ

ʱһսǣվżͨ긾ˡ
֮ǰȥǼҵġ

⼸˱һ˵ƼǼҳʮæͬ飬

ôûȥʱʮʵ

һŷ𣺡εģҲûʲ۳òͣˣ͸͸

ɲǣ¸꣬һùζֱ鲻סˡ
ҹŻҪ¼ա

˵лʮҲû룬ԽǴȥˡ߳ûһͻȻס

ʮɩҼͦĵģŮûôĹòǡ
òʲôʮͣ½Ųͷʡ

⸾˷ˣûʲôûʲô

ʱһݳĸˣ֪˳ʲôʮɩǲǿ㣬ʯͷȢȥ

⸾˵֮ʼԱ߼˿⣬ʵ򶼽ʮķӦɲ˰ѻ˵꣬ͱʮˡ

Ϲ˵ʲôʮˣҵϹϵãҵֺͶĵǸŷݣЩ˵ʲô

Ҳ˵˵治氡
ǣǣʮɩɱǻϲ߶߶

Լ컹ɣ
˵ʮҲ׷һ仰£ѵɱɣ

Ժɱ˵ȻǼȥǵҵģ˼䣬ʮҴˡ

˵ҾͲͻȻôڣûʲô뷨ʮԶˣŷ޷޵

Ҳǣϲţ˵ˡ
˵Ҳû˵ʲôϹϵãǰϻʱҲûôƵżףԶ˼ǹӵĸ˵

ǣ
Ǿô룬Ҳ˵

ǳ򷽲̬ȣʲôߣ
ҳյ֣ͦô󶯸λĪǱ¡

ǵ˼ǣ

ʱͻȻ˵ǲݶɣ˵ˡ
æס

ӵĲݶ߽ˣǲŶЦʵݶȥ
ȥͼλӷҲȥ˰ɣ˵һˣְ˵˻üĥһʼҸÿͼҲøӸˡ

ô˼һ˵¡
ǣô˵Ҳմ״ʣǵģ仰£ǳʢȷʵˣˣҲǿ

˵˵ˡ
Ȳݶ߹ȥ󣬼˽һɫֿ˿ѷ۰/۰׵ļ׷׸̾

˼㣬¶󷽣ûôЩȥöټ
ҲǮȻô󷽣
ǼˮĥǿҡǮ
˼ҳֺãǮǼӶˣȻ

Ȼʲô䲻ʡԷ⸾ֵȻͰҡǮȢؼң
⻰üһͨЦ䣬ɢȥᡣ

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Ȳݶȥ󣬾ͰԼЩ˵ˡ
꣬Īꡣ

Ǻ߶߶Щ˾첻ֵǮʮ˻ɲûӰ̭Ժʮţ´ϡ

²ᣬҹԼϽ˯ģΪ컹Ҫշתһҹǰΰѵ״̬

ȵڶˣԿ۾Щ졣
ԥԥ˵ʲôȴû˵ڣټҪȥ˽ӣԹˡ

ͬһŵġ
ϵ˽ģÿĺֻͯøһЩÑڴ˶顣

˽Ӿ򶫣ǼլûԶ
˵طɩֵ
ȥ˽ӣȥǼլ

طԭǻʱնûš
һΪլŸլҲʶʲôˣ֪˭Ҳйǡ

缸ǼҶͰСǳͽլˣСˣ֪ʲôʱ˵֧үߵͯ
ԭڲ²⣬һТǲǵõʲô˵Ĭ

峤ţҲˣǼҺ͵֧ΨһһϵҲˡ˵ǣͳ˭ǵ˭ʶ˭

û˵෴үǱһ仰㹻һΪš
ү˵ʲôһҾܴƣȻڸλαš

ԭ֮ǰ֮ԸһֱŲĵþһҲ̫ûõ׼֧̽Ƿϵ

˶֪ǼҵˮĥǴ峤ͷģ֮ǰҲչˡھΣ峤ǰǷԣ֧Ƿ˻˵˶֪

ڡǳʢš

˵ˣһŵḶ́һѾƣûаδ֪ڱơ
֮ǰƼţγҲڱơ

ҪҪ



תǧأߵǼլǰ㻹һҧ߹ȥˡ
·Ŀĸˣֻ·

֮޾ãʱʱҼ㶫Ϊ
һֱˣ̧ͷ˿죬ŷֿʱˡּԼ֪ʱƵ˽ӸŶҲҪѧˣ˽ȥ

͵ɢ˰ɡ

£ѧͯǵûƶ𣬷ԶˣŶվ
ʮְ

粻ǹ˰ɣһѧͯ˵


⻰˵ѧͯʱ˿ʵҶ˿
֮Щ߰ѧͯ׷׻ָյĻãռؼҡ

һ·ֳôţſվڲԶһĸߴӡ
ͯǶʱ类˲ӵС̣ˣСԴŹƺڵԼŷ׷׾ϹСˡ

˸ҰͬĿ͸Ψһעµĺͯ⺢ͯǶ


Ƕһͷˮǹߵǰ

ͷ˿ʵǶǲʲô£
ôʣһʱЩӦҲǹΪ˼Ϊ֮࣬⼫ٻ˵˵ˡ

ҼЩĲɡ
Сһף˵ʲôʱһŮӵ

ôˣ
ɩӡ

ȻģΪǱѵˣúø˵˵ȴ̧ͷһ˲סˡ




51.  Ѹ£   ʥ鳤󣬡

49

һ, ŷԼƺǻۡ
˳úһҲ

˵ΨһЩģ˫۾ɡ
Ǻ, Ǻ͹ͤ㵽ڶǵ, Ǹһκ͹ͤǸɽ, һ˫̶Ƶ۾

䣬Ų, ״毺õı, һ֮С

ǰ, Ҫִ, ֮˵Ĺͤкܶ಻һüë, ͡򦶼Ҳ񣬹ͤһЩ, Ӹߴʵ

Լҹû˯ȣ, Żûз, ȥԷͬʱ, ѽзӦ۵ס

ԽüͷԽ, Ӳ, ʱһɩӡһ档
ɩ, ǹ

й

ͬʱҲ, ԭǼλģûԹԶԶƼӰǱӰ

Ҳԭ˽, ǰǲݶĥĹ͹Ž͡ȶٴһ㣬ԼˣҲϵľʶ

ѧĴɩ

˵ͷͬʱջĿ⣬΢΢ز

Ƕ£֪ģˣֻһɩӡ
Ͳ²Ƕ̫ԣҲЩĲɣǲǺͼʲôϵʱôһɩӣûǶѾ¡

Сط紾ӣ䲻Щ˼ҶŮӶнŮӲóţҲǴҶ̫ԣС˼ô򡣵ҲûĸС˼ҵŮӣôڴ֮ͥ£ȥһˡ

ʥ鳤󣬵һķӦǴŮˣȻ
ʱҲԼʧ̬ˣæͷãСǶĴɩͬ˵Ѷ˵⺢ѧõˣ죿

ɩӣûСС˵

죬ĿֻһɨǶϡ
ǶɫЩУŹĿ

ҲǲͨĪʲô֮šĴɩָôһӡȻٶᣬº˿ʡ

ʲô¡ʱҲˣȥɡ

һ㶣Щɻ󣬵Ҳûж룬㿴˿Ƕɩ˴ȥ
ʱĽŲһ¡

֮ͻȻͣס

ɩӣɻ
ûʲôǿ߰ɡ

һΣĽŲȷſ࣬һӿ˽Ų

ֱ˽ӴţĻֱ
ɲس˺ü±ӣǹɵġ꣬ľƺǼ⡣


ݺݵԼһѣ۵̲סһ飬Щƻ֮С뵹ȥȷ£ȴҲײʱˣֻܴСӼǰߡ

ɩӣôˣôֵֹģͻȻ˵Ҫ˽ӣͻȻң

⻰Żع

ûʲô˳㡣ҹ㶫һСĵˣ˳·һͬؼҡ
Ｘֽ˾٣Ҳûٶ롣

ʱʶ˵ԽԽ࣬һ·ʱʱǴк
ȥʲˣ
Щ˳Ӷ

⵱ɩӶСãƽʱҲĵġ
ЦЦϾҴСųġ

ߵʱӺͻȻɱˡ
Ϊ׵š

ںãĵƦҲûɹʲô£ҲСˣ첻ҵֺУһӻһ
֮ǰýԭ׵ľ˵ԭûļˣļҲҸˣҲ֪ס

㡣
ü£

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ųòãҪ˵Ҳ󣬾ǿžͲˡ

ʲôôףԺҪһӵģ㲻ۣŹ

װõģϧߴСӱ¶ˣֱ㼷üŪۣе٩֮⡣

ǰһǰ棬㵽ҪҪɩӲܼ޸ģˡ

һѽ˵СӲʲôԣ𿪡
˸ֿһѽקסȥ󣬲ɫŶԷ

㵽ʲô
ⲻý˵ҵף˼ȥǾʡ㰡ҵĸ㣬ֱ˵˰ɣ㵽׶ʲô˲ŲУ˵ұȲǼңҲȱԴ

㿴ǸϱˣǰΪ˱֮޸ǼǸӣһûȻû˵˭֪㻹ǸƻŮԸһӻƻŮѸҰɣҿ϶ġ

һ˵ţһ۾ϵشת
ЩԻֱܹί֮ǰǸҲûй

ûȴǿԼ侲
ԭʮͣô飬ûɡڣֻܿԼֻܿԼ

ô룬侲ĿһƬ
ֶ϶ԷаĿ⣬Ŀһ˿ɫҲͱˣ˵˵ɣ˭׵ģ

˵Ŷһֱûģ㲻ţؼǶԷýŵʱ̫ˡǰýţǳʢҲǸϻҪĸ˾ţ֮ⶼΪԼǣҪ껪

ԭǸɴӣýˣȻҲֱ˵˵ԼļޣŻ֮ǳʢĴš
ʼǺ˵Ÿýͷۼڤ粻顯¶в֮⣬ֱֱӱƼޡ

Ҫ˵֮ûϵ治š
ŵĿ£Ц˵ʲôأȻԼȢ㡣֪Ҷ⣬ЩһֱûѵҪҰԼڳ㿴Ըţ

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ˣҲø˵ЩʵĻȻýתﻹҾ˵һΣûļޣذɡ

̬̫ӲҲľ仰ŵģݵۿɼǺһ߳ŭģ

СѸҪҲŸ翴ð̡Сӽ

ٲҽˣβ˴һ٣ֱȥٸ

⻰ŵġ
ò绨ԵϷһ£޲ǻҲ˵ŮӵãȻһԴһ١

ؼǴţΪܴ裬һ˲֪¡

㡭

ȥǸ˵ٴְ⣡˵֮ǰǲɣξˡ
ȻԷƣ㻹׵ġ

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ڵ˭֪˵аɣҲգȻȥú˼˼Ҷĵġ

㡭Զ˺Ǹĸߴĺӡ
Ŷ˸ҶˣҴææȥ

㣬û°ɡ߹Ŷ˵ıӰ
ʯͷ磬û¡

ʯͷ磬ҿˣǸɩˡ

ʯͷģʮҵ
Ǹ˸̡

ķĸߴ˶˵ӢһǸʵˣһһģֺŶ˻ŷӡ
ҲŰʯͷᣬһԽѵŵˣʯͷһ

㣬Ժٳţ߻Ǵˡ

һ㶣ʯͷ۾
Ҳֻһ˲ʯͷƫۣûٺӣȴ˼ʯͷ֪ĴڲĶ

һӸͷʯͷ磬лл㣬һŵġ
ǻȥ

˵ô˵ʯͷҲֻھͲǰˡ
ҲǣǸѸƼ˶Щá

һҪȥ̣ǿذɡ
һֱˣǱ߿һۣŷʯͷתȥıӰ

Сﶮô֮Щ£;ʯͷֵֹģɩҲֵֹġ
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ô˵һʱҲŪԭʯͷ֮ĸӾֻܾԭǰ׵С׺û׵ײһҾ㲻ΪԼǣҲʯͷ翼ǣһѸ˴ʲôԺʯͷôȢϱ

ܾ⻰ԣ˵ﲻԣֻܲ˵




52.  Ѹ£ģ   ˵λɩ񡭡

50

ȥ, Ӧ굣Ķ˵Ĳݶһ徻ˡ
һۣӶǹ˾

ˮĥһˡ֧ʯͷй

, 㲻Щ졣
֮ǰᵽǹ, ģֻĴ

, 緹ˡ⣬ݶ

һ, վ

Ǽҵլ˵ǸһĺԺ, ûס, ֻƽʱճ֮, סŶס, ݶƽʱϴµסڵ

ݶǲһԵģ԰ѷ˰ںãݶسˡ

һ߸вԵ, һʵλ£ûʲô£

ͷԷĶ, ɩ, ûʲô¡

ǹƽʱҲ棿ҽռǸ, ƽʱ, ģ
ʵⶼϻ, ֻΪǰһû, һ˵һ䡣ʱɩר, ɩĪڵʵʵ˵ˡ

λںҲǸˡ
Ǻеļλ֮һ, ģʱʮš

е
νָÿ¹ڲҼƣеһǰв롣

Ժϲ᰸ףں죬̫үˡκĪҪӣ˵ڿʱðͷģø˲ڻ¡
ҶڴҲǲƫƫڹ֮ǰ˼ϵ򲡹ֻТڼңΪ˶̾

һТ꣬Ӽǰ¶ǼţżûǼ֮ѧָڶѧһТȥҴҡ

γТڣһδ󿼻һ࣬˳ѧҪǽѧ˽ѧֻͯǸ

ѧ˽ֻһǽ֮ͳǼѧ˽Ӳ𣬵ʵ˽ѧ֪ͯǺѧĻǲһġ

һвѧѧҪôǳɼ죬ҪôǼҵ֧Ѫķ֧ҲˣǼ١

࣬ЦǸˡǶ

С˵һͨ׹Ǹ⣬ûõʲôЧϢ

ǵԽӴͷһҪ¾ȷǹɵǲ档
ôţ㰵˾Ҳûٶ˵·ֻһʡ

*

һͷҡ
ǳʢһˣʱɫ

ʢôˣʵ
ʣҵأ

ͷ

ǳʢȥ
ʱϺС

ʮͣһѼɫӣɿţ¶ֱСϷһƺһףʱʱСƣԵ֡
ǳʢűܵ˵ˣҲֲˣֱ塣

ѾͷƬӵǸѲģ
Ѳĥˡǳʢ

ǼҶˮĥһգǼϵʱһӶûϵ岻ãԴȴɵָܶ˶꣬ڴȻûϺá

Ҫ˵ϻ£ϵ겻һϵԭģ
ȫҶԭΪжһﻨʮϵ͸ģֱ׺ֳȥ

Ī룬򵽵ǵĶ࣬ݰ˵仰ټүҲ̫ѿЦ콫ĵһΪϴһݣ϶һݣһݡ

ʵ˵˻ģϴ󶼱ֳȥˣȶϹ󣬵ȻСӵġʱϵҲôˡ

ǿǼˮĥĺ̲ɳأϵֵĵ֮һ
ʱ˭Ҳû뵽鱻ǼΪߣϴĵأеҡǮ

Ǽүû뵽СųҲû뵽û뵽ΪطѾĻ

ҲЩ֮ǰĶԻڼ
Ҫ㻹ȥ󸻹壬ܲϳ֡ûмҲŮķݶǼֲˣǳʢ޷޵

Ųŵ죡꣬üаɣȳ緹°ȥԡ

緹ͳˡ
һ·Ǽլȥⶰլ֮ܳΪ־Խûе

ǽߣռӴ󣬿óЩˡ

Ǽ֮ںһֱ˺˶⣬ҲǼһֱԸΪּѵйء

УÿһǼҶӵ٣Сһ֮һĸ̨һǼҵ֧һλүɽ֪ݣƷĹΡ

ڴˣ˵֧һȻͬ죬Щͬշ֧գŵ֧

ˣǽŵġᳵ·ţƬ֮Ŵ˿

ô㣿

ЦգСǶүͯĵѰүԺĸⳤòӣǹģЩ˵ţ˾ŲЬʾԼû˵ٻ

Щ˵ϡ棬ǰͺӵʱ򣬶ϸͣ뺢Ӳۺӣʲô˵ˣڵ뺢ˣ
Ҳ죬ֻЦִӻͳǮ˹ȥ

һˡ

ӦˣŴϺһڻɫ

ǰȷʵϸ͡
ˣһҲˣǣҲǣһӿõͷ

˭öʸ֦أܻ쵽ϵѪߣǵӣպ̸ĸǶǼȮ졣

ĽľǴߵ
궼֪֪׵ģϵͶûϴɾΪ֮ͬ͵լ֮ҵү߷̡

үүֳˡ֪ݴˣһ켦ȮõǻǴ˻ʡף峤ͿģǷˣ
ζȫ֨ѽһִˡ

Ҳüûкɫʲô£
磬˵Ӻ߿һЦһ߰ѸԱ롣

СΪ֮ǰ¡վ˵
ûɣ

֧֧ģѾͷǸѲģ֮ǰ⣬ҲȥʹˣǲԸļޡ

ӶˣʹѲˣһŮӾѲ
ɲǡ˵Ц

´һ˵ҲûðҾǼܣˡȻãǾͻȥİ취ɡ

˵ţҪߡ
æһס磬ǧ飬˵ǰˣٵĺôǿ˵ø룬ǶĺôǿǿҡǮһÿɣԺҲլﵱˡ

۽ǳģ
ӵƳһۣﵱΪӣ⻰Ҳ̯˵

㻹ʣ°˳ɣӦǡ
ôǵð˳ɣɱÿ궼Ҫｻӣ͵ļҳҲɣҪ

ֻƤЦⲻЦسЦҲ˵
Ҳͷ˼±Ǯ˾ܰæ˰̫Ϊ⡣

һҧһŵаɣҲ˵Сܰɣɣɣ˵꣬ϢȶԷ𸴡

⸻ҲǸѲģûﲻס˵ʲô֮ʣͻȻ˵ӡ
аɣ͵ҳ˸

ЦڣȻǿʲôġ
Ҫʲô
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㡣

ɡ
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Ҳ֪˶Ӳ˵£Ҳûټˣ˵һ䡮߰ɡߣ߳ŷɩû

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ϵôˣ˽һλˣЩʧҲٵˣŶߡ

ǹǣ
ɩӣҲǸ˵ֻǴŽǣÿҲһʱǰ˺Ͳˡ

˵ˣеΡ
ǰ˵ģɩļԺò

˲ûз֣ʱԶһ˴б˳
ǹ⡣

æֹԷǰҾΪ

⹰ֻ

Ǵѧ˽ӺѧֻһǽмеСţƽʱû˻ϣֻǷ롣ķȻѲµǴӺδ
΢΢ףǣ˶ȡ

˵䣬ĿԶȥӰϡ
˸룬һµ֮ǰѧͯ˵ǰѧʱסǶѧͯʲô˹

˶˵˶ԹΪȣΪȡᣬǰͷһӡ٣񿿽ΪټϹ˽ӲǸҪЩѧͯȻҪǷѧͯƤ

΢΢һ㶣ҲûڣǵûУҼӴڶ֪һǸӣڶЩĲɣѰʿʲô¡

ԭˣ൹֪ЩȻֵӸĸɩ󣬵˵λɩиļ֮⣬Īйء

֪ͦࡣ⻰ûм֮⣬ֻǲȻ֪¡
ȻףȻ˵׾೤ڼһ䡣Ҳ֪ôЩ´Ŵš

ȻףȻס
һͨѣʹҲûٶԣȴڹﻭ˸Ǻš




53.  Ѹ£壩   ļޣ

51

յ, û
һĴ̽Ӷе֪ÿ춼ʱһʱ, ʱɢѧ, Եڶȥˡ

ǲ˵ȴҲˡ

, ţʹ
⻰, 㼱ҴǴȥ, ġɩӡ


ͣסŲ, תͬʱüҲˡ

£
ҡ

Ů״סԼ, վȴ־Բԣֻǰ봹ͷշ, İ̬֡üԽԽ

֪ôеĽסȫʶΪ, վŷԼƺûӦ˵ǣŻ

ǶĴɩ, 
к£ʡ

ҡҡҵ˵, ǿ򶨵, , С˼˶, Ƿʲô, Ҳ˵Խѯ, Ƕѧﵷˣ

ƳһۣǵûС
˿ӣǾͺãһΪǶˡ

˵ͬʱ, ״ǰŲ
ΪԼΣʵڶڹ۵ףһ

ôЩˣεòˣȷǹЩôȷ

޴ţͻȻ˵ˡ
£һ

ۼҪߣЩˡ


ʲôⶢűץס䣬һ˿ã֣

æſ֣һвСĲȵȹڡ
˵ʵվȵģǱһ㣬뵽һԼͤϵһݣԷԼһԵȥ

Ը϶᲻ؿˤ
ϧ

ֱоۣ˶µġ
ǰһ˫š

īɫЬ棬ûκƣܼ򵥣ɾ࣬ƺҳûС

Ǵɩ㻹𣿡
Ƶģæվ˿ֿǱ

Ŀɨ
ŮòǳɫüĿ촽΢΢̵һۣ۽һ룬ЦĶޡ

ʹǱ£лһֽ̬

⿴ⲻʲô˼ҵĳ֮࣬ǰȽ֮£˼֡

ʵȷʵǶҲЩǴɩ˵
˵

ʱ߳ܵͷ̧ˣһƬհףȻҲûֹ˸ļĹâ

ҼЩӶЩרģǷʲô£ϧͻȻִˡº˵Ǵɩƺиļ֮⣿

ļޣ

૵ɻӦѾˣֻһޡʮϤ

ĴǸļޣ

*

˴ºܻḶۡ
һʱôһ䵱ʱ˽ѾˣȴǶ˸š

㻹òôСӽ͡
ֻ˵⡣

ڶŲţҲ˲ùעӶǹԼ̬ȡ
ˣΪǹ˵Ҫļޣ

󣬾ûȥˮĥˡ
ԭϴӲᷢԭˮĥĵĳ̶ȲڶСӡڴˣڶȥˮĥ

Ǽҵˮĥ򽼣һ·ʵԶ
ԶԶľˮ߽һЩˮֻתԼĥ̵Ħͽࡣ
ˮĥźӰһˮϣһڰϡˮһ߻иټˮԶԶȥʮۡ

ҲʱĥæءŰͣżСƺŶӵĥ
㣬ˡ﹤Ĵк

ʮģ˺ܾݣһɫʱƤͰɫķĩĥ﹤ϾͲɾġ

Ǽˮĥĸ﹤˰Ļһģǰĵĵ
ĥˣϵĥúĥ﹤ˣҲʮͷˡ
ʮӣ˳ð׳ʵǸʵˡ

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㣬㿴ʰɡ

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óһƤװĲӣֱһɫСľ䣬ʵҲŵַ֮ãĹҵģװʳ

ǵģĥĥҲֻǮ
Щ˲ԣĥһٽӣΪǮǳ¡ĥʲôգСũֵĲˣ󵽸ʳǮ

ǵ˺ܸӣһ˶Ϊʶֲ࣬ܶණ÷Ŵ档㿴ʾˣ塣

ַҲˣ㿴Ҹʲôʱ򣬰Щҳȥ
һ߿˱һӦģҼţٹպμӦþͻˡ

Ҽûðȥ˼ġ
Щ£ˡ

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չԣʵ壬ǴӺδļ޵ģ

Ҳû˵֪ط˶ҲӡǰЩҾ˵ˣֻЩҵ٣⼸ԽԽ˶ˡ
˵Ǹţмҵ˵϶Ҳ˵ý˵ģһֱعҲ̫񻰣û˴Ǽ˵ļǣҪҸ֪֪ȵˣӲܹȥ

㲻ԣֵ˵˵ҲûܲһֱôšҽʣҲ֪ôģ㲻ˣҲأܵôи׶

ʲô׶

ϵߺ˶˵ĥĪҪˣһġǴӹǲãϵû㵱ʶ֣ôĥʣôĥҲŷ

ǰǼҵˣǸļޣ㲻ǼҵˣĥȻ֣ĥİ﹤ԺĶҺòദⶼǴĵ¡

Ҳǵ뷨
Ǹļޣ

˵ˣǹ˵
㼸룬֪ϴʲôˣٽǰͶһͬؼҵ·ϣкʱζͻȻһС

ԭ˶֪£Ψ֪
˭ɢҥԣ

ţꣿ

üԽԽҲƳʲôˣæôˡ룬ҲûһҼˣƼŵ¶˵ˡ

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϶治ǸˣȻôң
ʱҲΪô࣬˵˻ڱˣһҲһ

绢׾ɱˣǶһѸ˵Ѹؽ𣬿ԽԽħֳ

Ҳʶ̬أ̲סǡ

ȰҲ̫ģȻǼٵģ۾塣ĥÿˣȻȥͽǣǼͰ˵ҾͲˣյģ廹ܱƼֶϱɣ

Ҳֻʱˡ
˵˼仰ˣȥæˡ




54.  Ѹ£   ү

52

ڼ, ˮĥһֱûͣ
ʵֻ£ܾģصǴԭҲϰ, ƺҲûóġ
ڼ, ͷ˵

ȥ˴ǰ⿴ĥˮһʯ̨, վ˼ˣģʹ綼ϵľ
ǼĥչĲ, Ϊһʳ, ҪȺܾþõ, Ἰ긾˽, ֱһĥ꣬мҲ˲ӡ

ڼȵʱ, Щ˶ҳҶ̵ʱ
ĥ߹Ҳϰˣ˼Сӣһ˵һߵȡ

, ֪һϸĿһɫӵ긾Цеĵ
Ա˴Ȥֵ٩, Сǵҵ֪, ȥʰ㡣

ôǵ٩, ѵüһΡ

彫һӷ, Լ⣺ҵ, ͱ٩ϸ, ⲻǽ, ƽʱĴûǶˮһϵˣɲ̭

Ȿ˵л, һͱԶˡ
Ȼ˵˵ţȻ˵ļͷϾϿǴ÷з

ʵǶҪļˣ

͵һʱȻŹ˵Ļᡣ
˭˵ģǺ˵һǶҿûС



ûĿͶԶĺӵϡ
ֵʱǺϹʱ

ˮϵذղ˻ȥطˮ·ߺ·С׺ֵشΣεĴҪȥӵȻҪ

ֻһмʮ˾

˿ǼˮĥĵλǵʵҲǣλúã˴⣿

ĿⲻɵͷǸˮϡ
ˮѾЩͷˣԭľɫѾغɫ֨֨졣

ǰ͸ԭ˵ˮѾΣȻû˵ԭе˼ǻµΪˣϾҲʮͷûˡ

ԭһֱû죬һǻˮҪǮЩ뷨ûö⡣
ˮصǰʡ

*

һææʱ
˵뿪ĥ

ߵʱ˳ɫȥˡ
ʱ˽Ӹɢѧ

ǰֺģѧͯ˭˭˭ڴܣǶ֣æסһѧͯôˡ

˽ܵļѧͯѾˣһĹվǶɢϢ

ѧͯ봹ͷΨǶĳҭţ޷޵ضһվŵļѧͯ
ڣ»Ҫȥ˴һŻݡ

˵˵ɣô£
û˵һ飬һѧͯСһ˵˭֪Ƕͳѧ˴򡭡

ǵ˵ѣǶǺŭ
ƽʱôǵģ⿴˹ĿڼɨȻǲԸ˵ñ˵ˡ

ЩѧͯɵҲ֪Լ̹׺ͱ˵ƽﱾ¹ӲͷƤ˵Ҳ°ʱ˵أҲȥˣԭί

ԭҲ˹УĺͯƤ䶼ͬҲйϵú͹ϵõģ⼸ƽͺǶôԸ

Ҳ˼죬վͰ˽˵һ˵Ҫļޣ˵ظһ߳ЦǶϾû˹ܵҰˣⲻʹ

˸ọ̈̄òᡣ
۶ҲպЩ˶ˣ͵ĺͯЦ

ɩӻؼҡ߽ûκˣֻС˵
û֣ЩĿһۡ

ɩ

ʱҲŹˡ
Ǻ͹кŶǼҴɩǣ˽ﾹȻ¡

˵ʲôֻǿһЦ

ֳǼѧͯһǼ˽ΪǶѧˣƽʱǶٵվֳȥիһ˶ʮְ壬ٰǼ˶ҵҪʣι̺ܽӵġ

ȻǶˣҲٷǣŶҲ뿪
ʱ鸴ӣʱȫȻˡ

ǼҴɩ
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ĸļ֮ԣڸǲ£ˣʱҲ˵

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˹һۣһ£
ûϵַӦʵ˵ڣҲЩˡЩûò˵ڵ˵

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ɫ

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νν⣿

һӦǴŮȻ飬һӦ뵽˿ʥ˵ġƪ
˵ƪǽ֮еġ

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һΣǺ忡ӣ˵ʲôȴһʱҲûٸĻˣѾǣŶˡ

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һһۣȴɫϾҳ

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ǵڼˣ

оΪһŮ˵ơû˹ΣЩŮӵĴ䱾ݡ

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Ϊ˵ͻᳶļǲϣƱػὫ󣬶ִ˶Զûкô

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ǣΪϻǹζ

벻Ȼ
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ɩӡ

ɩӶԲҲø˴ܵġ

СѾҩ֮ǰԵøǱСͰ͵ģеЦе̾ͷ

ûҲΪάɩӡ
ˣҷԼˣסͲִҲֵǰ֪ɩҲôѿɩӣǲǻ¡

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еżǲ֮ǰûɻأö˼ˣ˭֪Ļشϡ

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Ŀİ˵ţˡ
𾪵Ĳ⺢˴𾪵ǹȻү

һ룬ҪǽѧƺҲֵò졣
һҶĿˣû뵽еĹؿӡ

ү
£һϡ




55.  Ѹ£ߣ   Ȼˡ

53

˴, ջ
ջ

˴һߺ˴кһͳԿ׼š
Կ׾𣬲ŷû

ôôͻˣ
˴, ƿ߽ԺС

СԺķ, ԺȴʰüΪɾʲô
ӭ, ҸǶᣬ˴߽ῴȥ, ȻĴǴ򿪵, 鰸Ÿˡ

, ˴ﱾ˵, Ҳ֨ˡ
شûжӶ

ȥ, ȥ˿ǵ׷ŽִóͶϸȡ

, СͰڣ˴Ҳϲǰ˼ǲð, ôгϢĶӡ

ڹ˴, ȷʵ˼ҵĺ, ϳ˫۾, طû˵, ϻ۾Ҳ
ΪôҲ, ˴ﲻ, ȴСӺйء

ϴ㡢㣬ˣ, ȷãɫҲˡ
ڼ䣬˵ƣֻص鰸ǰ¡

ûп飬Ǿ仰ӣ
ĵһӦǣŮڼпɽ𣬴ĳǡʫ

ӣݣ
ӣءΪڣȻ֮



ʫŮӱԴӾɷ˼֮飬¶Ϊǣôһ䡣
˽ͨ˳ˡ

һʶĶī˼ɷŮӣļ֮ǶΪ˴ͬܣǲΪ˽飬ŴɩˣŻἤˣ
Ǹˣƾһ¶ҲȷʵƲϾΪ

Щӡ

ˣ˰

Ӧվݣȥˮ֣ȥ
ϰһʵ㴻㴻ۣžϲˡһʱҶˣһÿ궼Ľˣһˡ

̰̰׵ģܿĽ˿ʹаףЩˣžɿڡ

˴ȸʢȺȰɣٳԷȥǼĥЩףǳףķˣȻҪһ롣ʱڣûϣĶǳףҲ֪ǼĥĶŪģңҾ͸Ͻȥˡ

ƽʱлҶ
ߺһ˹ģƽʱﰮ˵ЩлҲšʹȥҲţʱӦɽΪǼĥ⼸֣ġ

´ȥף˵һأǶȥĺá

˴벻ذڰ֣㵱ϰʮˣһЩ׻᲻㿴ҽף˳ںӱ˼ʵ㣬Ʋˣ˺ӣﻹܴӵġ

һ磬˴ﲻ߶Ͼ£˵ͣĸȢˣ˼̽ڷ磬ۼҽף㵹ãһϡ

Ӳ˵ҵδݲ¡

⵹ҲǣҲʱɣǸиģٶָͦ꣬ѾŶүˡ

˴Զ֮ţǾǶڶϾû˭˵оǾͿ϶о١
ﲻ˵ˣֻ³˳˳죬ոȢϱš

΢ӡ
˶٣״ʵƺǼĥ죿

˴е죬ʵ˵ˣϵ˶ȥǼĥʰʳǵط˶࣬ź洬Ҳ࣬Ͷǵʱ˹·Ĵµġˣô

һѧƺǼĥġ

˵ǼСӣѵöԸл˴Ҳ˾񣬡û뵽ǺӾڽ̣˵ҲǸģŶȥˣûҲȥˣ͸һѸɩӡ

Щⶼ֪֪֪ġ
Щ֪

˴ֵڿﰡ
ἥ

ŰǶѾɴ˵Ķӣ˴ЦüοԺﵱȻ֪㲻ᣬ˵ۺôЩ˭֪ѵöЩлȤ֪϶

˵ôɫĶӣôǸɵġ
΢΢һ£Ƕϻڶ츳ӲעЩɽЩӼĲɣӾǲҳʲô£

˴ﵹû뵽лбǣֻǱͷȥβҲ˵ͨ뵽ĵл

ͰǼҵһЩ¸˵ˣЩϵһЩ˶֪ϸڲ»˵׵ġ

ĥ˵Ҷûиļ޵Ĵ㣬ϴôзҾ˵Ǽ϶йء

ʵ˵ѾˣǸ˲޸ļ֮⣬ȴƾմļ޵ԣֻһܣˡļޡ

ΪʲôԶ
Ȼˡ

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ջѣݶˡ
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ӴҲʮˣһиص£Ӳó棬ύӡ

ⶼԼ׳ɣײ棬һļҸ˷˴ҲֲݶɫϾ

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У̽ͷ̽ԣݶˡ

ԼʮͷԲ΢֣óӹͦӲʣͷҲáһɫİƹӣԺԲ٣һͷ棬ϿǸġ


ݶ˲ֽӹϣ

󳣼ҵģ㵹þн
봹ͷӦǡ

̶˲ȡ
óƽʱҲǸŵģ񵱵ظ˲ܿˣ͹๾һӣֻƾ˲ƣ֪ƽʱҲǸȲġ

Ѱ䣬λҲǸ֧֮Ů˵׵Ǹš

յ̺ãڼһԲֻǰ봹Ƕȹľ⵹ͷһֱ۲Щ졣

֪ҽΪζ
֪

Цˣ㵹Ǹʵġ治֪װ֪
̧Ŀһִۣ£治֪

ЦˣһЦñȷʱ䳤
Ƶص㵹Ҳң֪ҵ˲٣ͬǼҸֻҪظТţ̺ɷŮûʲôȻġ

⻰еζˣ㻹û֨
ǰЩϲ˵ЩҸﲻè

ֻǵһ䣬вҲ
˵о㻹಻㣬Щһʱ޴롣ڵóԱߵĲݶ켱ˣһ㶼š

̰Ȳ裬ȵ㣬ϲǾţҵſ
ݶ̻յ衣

ݶһ㶣æһͻֻŽǰȥ˲յ
̿˿ǲյֿ˿ͷŵ㣬һ˿âлֵ̧²ݶˣ㵹Ѿͷˣʵҽûʲô£˵仰

ֻġ

һ£ҶҲţǸЩ˵˲ò֣һ仰˵öԣһں꣬һ򼫼ѣӲЩ۸¹׶֮¡СǼţһֱÿȦɵ㣬Ҳ

лᣬûһֱعѵĵ꣬ٻʮ꣬ѵôһֱţͬǸ˼ңȻ˽˵Ŀ࣬ǰ£ұ⡣ŽãˣȰȰ㣬ҪΪԼ㣬ǧҪ껪

̡
ˣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǷŲ¶վߵǰļ򣬡ǺȺûһ֣ǸҶԶãôǵ˿أ㵹Ϊ˵ǡ

Щ룬ҲͲˣǧ벻ǰɼЩʱ벻׷Īˡ
˵꣬ҲûͣԼˡ

ݶߺת㣬̵ʲô˼

ʲô˼
Ӳʩ

̴лļƣﻰȴζ
Ȼ˵лȻΪλ˭ǰһ䣬ΪᵽǶǳʢͷĻ̫ˡ

̵˼סȰûã´ŵľ˰ȥˡ




56.  Ѹ£ˣ   Ǹ

54

˽
, ʮɩˡ

ݶʱҾͼʮͷ
㿴һֶۣ˵ʮ˾, ôû

Ϊû, ȻǷͷ̫̽࣬Ȱߺ, ݶͰѴŸˣǰʮǼҴ, ô鷳

ʮܿͽ, һ, ߽ס֡
, û°ɣ

Ҳ֪ϴβݶǼ䣬ΪԭʯͷЩӵ̬, ʮʱܾùֵֹģҲ֮ǰôˡ

ʮû¡
û¾ͺáʮ˿, ֣ҿ, û˵ʲôɣ

Ҳû˵ʲô, ǾعѺܿ

ֻһ, ׵ȻҲˡ
ʮ̾˿, ƺһʱ֮Ҳûʲô, һ, ʵզģ

ҡ

˵ʲô, ֵ϶ǱˣȻ붯Ȼ, Ǳ߿϶ͨ

᲻֪ҪۻˣӣǾϣϱΪɶѺ˻˶ˣװףʲô°ò棬ƮƮһ举˼ҲҲ͹ˡ

ףҲ֮ǰΪ˵Է
ܡȰǺãȰƺ滹µϾ˼Ҷóһ壬û۸¹׶֮˵ˡ

ͻȻû˺ʮл顣վȷŰɣʮҵȥĥһˣǱ߻µš

ʮûô˵һ£ܿЦŸվ
ҪȥæɣҲܷˣӡ

ʮ֪

²ᣬһȥ򽼡
ԶԶľϤˮˮת졣ûߣôվţԶԶؿǴط

ѾٽƻˣϦںϣ·˲⡣żмС˳£ߵü졣
Ǽĥˮʯ̨ϣ߿ȥ´ԼԼվ˼ˣʱʱй·Сͣ£ϵ˵ʲôһˡ

˸ˬ
ͬʱҲǰδе侲ĿѲƬӰϣǼĥܱһƬߵɳ̲ء

֪ɳ̲ǳʲôģǼүӰֵطָӣžƫġ
ɺ˭Ҳû뵽ϵظĥһáҡǮͬĸĵܵ۲ˡ

ʵϵû뵽ĥôãĲǵصĲУֻˣΪ˸޶ֿڷ԰ˡ
һֻ䷿Ǻ̫ã䷿Բãһأ䷿ǰŪʯ̨Ȼһþôꡣ

Ŀ̫ף̫ƾˡ
ֻˮҪʵӦĥòؽǡ

һţһ߾Ͷ£˸С֦ڵϻ
ûȻң˾ͻʱʱ̧ͷӰûзԱ˸ˡ

Ҳ֪ѧΪλߵطȷӦŷͨǼĥ·

·ǰûп޹Ϊߵ˶ˣͳ·ǼĥרŻǮ޹ؿˣԺȥӱߵ˾Ͷˣżסڸ񻹻ɢɢʲôġ

ҲôɹҲûתȥ·ǰš
һȥתԶŸӰ

ʶϳ˭
߽ˣڻ

ֻ˷ˮֻȼʣξ߱һ¡

Ǵɩ

ûټȫעͻȻôһûǱһƨڵϣӦ죬ȹվ



΢ͷЩкԷˣŲߡ
ü˵ʲôʱ˵ˡ

ǴɩĳΪǰյʧǸҲΪļԣͶ¶϶Ǵɩ֡

еˡ
Ҳǲ񣬽ƾ˽Ӵ˾˼ȴҲŰ壬ǶŮһȻӡЩܶĶ

ԼǸˣ
ЩһͷˮҲܿȻˣ֪ܸ˵Ʒ

ö룬Сʵûзϡ

ǣЩˡ
һ˵ǸǶһŮӣ鸴ӣʱ˵ûϣĪľþȡ

Ϊ̬ĿͶעڵϣǴɩڻʲô
㿴ȥûʲôǻѡ˵ţ̬Ȼýż⽫ǴĨˡ

£Ȼˡ
Ҳء˵ڣһ˿ա
ƺûвֻһ

ͬС
и£һ·ϵҲʮְ

Ҳɢ
½Ųǰɡ

ЦЦתͷ£̬Ȳ䵭ùòʣ벻Ҫ֡

⿴üչЦûϡ
ŲĿ⣬һȭ˴ǵᣬǹĳʧȡ

Ҿͷˣ֮ǰ̬ȲҲͦϾ˽飬ƫ»Ӱ쵽

⻰ֱùͣס˽Ų
ͣɻס

ᡣ


һʱûӦ
ĳˡһһֵص˵ú档

ģ㲻һ㱡
ȥ߷̣տʼ٣Ҳƫƫϳɡ

Ȼֹϳɣõġ
ʱ빬ûãҲûô˼ôۣƫƫŰ̬֮ͲǶ˷˺ܶ¡

֪ˣ˵
˵ͷһ仹ϺһƫͷЦЩ٩ǾͲôˡ
һ˿㵡

Ĩܾ׼ץסˣЦøӲˣҲ˵ҵ˼׹˼
죬ü΢壺ף

֪ԽԽǳ֣Ī֡
Ȼף㱣ָ֤ͷһĵģ

ʱԶ
㵱Цݣתͷģˡ˵꣬æԽǰȥ
վŲ

룬ת֣֮ǰ߹·һ;ģ
һнŲ˲

ת
ɢ

һĿˣһԷĺӣŸľ裬ŸͰװһЩѣƺȥӱϴ¡

΢΢˵ͷ
һæԱ߱˱ܣȴվŲߡ

˵ϵǷǳη˵ģǳ࣬ʱˣܶ˶˵ҲһôӦ

æ⻰ˡ
Զˣһ˲Żָ糣

һĿڼǰߣ긾ԥûȹȥǼĥĹѸ
ƺ˵ʲôæ˵·˭ߣ˵Ǵɡ
⸾æ֨ˡ




57.  Ѹ£ţ   

55

ȥ, ȥ˱īֽ⣬ͰԼؽ
һֱæ˯£ڶ۾, ͷȴá

ȥĥ, ˵˵Լ뷨
岻ܾͬ뷨̫˼, ˣҲû˵

ڼȥýǼҵƬ̲жʱ, , ˵ǲǱǼ˱Ƽ, ȻҳԲ˷ֱӰˣ

˵ʲô, 㲻ˣٲ, ϶ҪǵġѶǼˣôᡣ

ɡ
ˣɻȥ, ˵䡣

ȥԼڿʵĲַ
һ, ܷʵʹͼİ취, Ȱصĳߴ, ݼ㽫ϵĽС, ͼȻ, ֻСɡ

֪ܲܿ, ͼҪǻԼġ

֮һ, æŲͼеĲ㣬һŪգҲû, ȥ߹һҲΪϵһЩʯĺľϡ

ؽǼĥ
ˣ㽫źӱƬɳ̲ؽһС͵ͷͷϾǼУϲһƬյڵмƻŷӵ̡

̫ڵʱֱţŻаĵġˡ֮˵
ˣǼĥļңҲ˵ʲô

ݺݵ˯һڶٽѧ֮ǰȥһ˽ӡ
һֱȥ˹ի

˽Уһ㶼׼һիճ顢̵ѧϢ֮á

û뵽һ㶡

Щ˵
£

ԥһ£֪˵Ƿ㣿Щӣһ仰仰˵ġ


£ǲ֪Ǵɩúδ㣿

⡪

˵ʵһʱûҵʺ˵ĵطһйŮͬһ˷飬˽Ҳ࣬ҹѰ˵Ϊڣŷܹλ
Ҳ㣬ô󣬲ʶ˿ûмϵľ¥ɡ

ĵطɺãǸһƬС֣طΣķͨ͸ˣʱԴһ뿪

⿴Ĭ˰Σ̲סǲ鲻ʣһطʱ˵ͷ

ԼʱҲѧɢѧ֮
Ѿʱ䣬ȴիʰ鰸ʰᣬֱ¿߳ѧ

һ·ȥߵú
Ѿ˺ܾá

ˣԹôôãҲΪ㲻ˡ
⿴һۣĿͶעһԵϣѧѧʡ

ðɣȷʵ޻˵Ҳ˲ȥԷĹ֮˼ϡ


ţ°֮£ҽżɲһܿŲ˻

Ҫ˵ɡ

˳ĵĿ⿴ȥŷ׼úȫ
һʯΪʯΪʣĶ汻úܸɾκλҳ

ʯϷ˸ǵѾˣ治һ豭һһ㡣

ǰȲĵطˣ

ȥ¡
棺طªҪ

һֻĵ֮С

Ϊλʵͦӵģ֮ǰ뷨ռϷ硣Ȼ˶ԷһΣͲԴԷǲŮܲףԼֵطΪΣҿٿ

豭εһڣѾˣһɬɬĿڸУܳ費

֪ǴɩкҪĳ˵
ģ֪֪Ǽĥ

˳ͷ㽫Ǽĥ˵һ飬ϵĥĳԣĥƽʱһЩΪ˴Ľʡ

˵λС׺ΣɲȴׯҪȥˮ·죬ҲΪ˵ģ뾭˵ء˳ϲԶͨˮӼӣԴ˵Ҳ൱һ㼯֮ء

¹óԼͼ
ֽϻǸĵƣܲϽϺ֧źСׯбעһ۹ȥܿơ

ⲻĿû˵κλ˵

Ҽ·ֻڴ˵ͣµģҲ˳ЩЩʳճ֮һдʱ䶼Ϊ֣ҾܲܰѴ˵ؽһУԴ˴Խĵƣ˵Ҫȼ磬Щ㼯һӦòġ

£ֵʵ뷨ֻǰǸŮ
ʣµĻû˵꣬Զ

ΪͻȻ£
⡪

УǴɩΪҪѴĳ

صˡ
Ҳûϻ

ü

ҲЩ˴ߣͼ˵˼㲻øԣ˼ңӦ׶жķӡʱġ±Ϻõıīֽ⣬֮ͬĽʣʦ֮׻˵鲻·ﶼҪǮ

ҵ뷨ܳ棬˵൱Ǹ۱裬˵ս𣬵֧֮Źȥȡȴûġ¹һβУҲ´ûӦٿ˵лһĸѵͲ˼ҹϺӣ

⿴ɫһʱѱ棬ҲЩζȫЩ졢ʧЦеúЦͬʱмֲԵľ֮С
⾽֮еǱģǰһЩ

ԣֵģ˵زҪκǮ
ϡ

ʧЦĳֲҪĳǮǴɩĳΪΣѵΪ˰׷ֹĳӣ

͸һЩС˼йˡ
ڱ̵òǵ֧үƣүƾһöԷ򵰷ɡ

Ȼиһεԭ㵽׳ң֮׳󣬳ӵгϢҲԵйء

Ϊţ˵츳֮ߣ˶о٣ɷɥ˵ѾǸүˡ
ˣȻ£Ϊˡ

ʹûкһƾŵͷټѧ֮һֱǼĥȥ

Ժ᲻καʣҲǲǸʱҲʱѾˣҲֻסǰɣĿǰΨһ뵽ķӡȻҲһ뷨Ȳᡣ

⻰ҪҪ͹˵
ߣʹޱãԹⲢô˽⣬˵⣬᲻ἤŭ˷Ч

٩٩̸ͻȻʧˣûҪҪ̹ס

ͻȻվ



գ˵Ȼȥһݲᡣ
˵꣬˱ˡ

һעıӰмְ֮УȻӦøɴЩ˵¾Ͱˡ

*

ܹͬͬ⣬߸ýеڽС
ɻİ﹤

ЩѲ壬ǼĥһЩСӾ˳ũгȥһЩֿϳԿͣ˵ũҺҪ̫ࡣ

ȻϵľҲҪ˵ģûҪӣһԵáȺ˷飬ϾЩũҺǱˡ

Ϊôһֿʼз
Ǽĥô

ֻ˵ĥĥõôˣ
ⲻ˵Ŀһ˵ͻ֮ʵǾһ¡

Ҫ͸Էʲô
Ѿˣñ˼ǳ˵Ӧڼһ̻̲ż취ֻˣԼѰԵˣôͻȻĥˣ

æöӳŴɴȥʲô

һһʯľϽ˹Ȼ󲨡
ɲĥļƣ

Ҳʱһֱ˵ʵ˵ĥô꣬طͰ͵ģˮҲƾˣҵĴؽĥ
ؽĥҪڳôļ

ô⣬߸ýеѾʼˡ
ɳ̲Ҫʵȸɻ˵ˣͼǿӴӸء

ϵʹӱˣһĴͣڰߣȥ֡
ֵͬʱ㣬ЩҪӡ

ҲΣǲŶǼĥĸԣ˸ʵԵ֪
֪ĥǸҡǮνҡǮϵΪĥ׬ǮֻǾĥҪԷǱز٣ʲôϰ׵ӡ

ټǼ͵ƽʱ´Ǽҵլӣƽƽ档
֮ǰǴǼ϶ĥ⣬û˰ûгϢͿô㶫

Ǳҵ£ǲʲôģ࿴֡

ɾһܶͻȻǼ϶Ϊο㣬ԸЩĵСֶΣҪĥŪ֡




58.  Ѹ£ʮ   Ǵɩ˵˵

56

ҲһϦ֮, Ͼ͹һ硣
ǴǼĥνĥҪӣ쵽Ǽĥÿжٽû뵽ǹѸǸǮĹѸ

Ҷ, ϳ, ص٩
ּƣһ˾ͻˡ

һ˷ͷȥ, ԽɫԽѿ
ǳʢ, ǻȥһ, 㲻ǸѸ, Ȼ⴦ǼҵļҲ, ˭

ݺݵĵ˶һۣڷͷ˼, ˶˵ۼΪͼı󷿵ļҲơŲǽѱ͵˱±ߣȥ˵

ô죿ҿΪ˶, ʲôʱĥãƫƫʱ, Ūô̯, ˭֪ǲǹѼӶ, Ϊ˲ӴĻ, ʱȶ, ˭֪᲻ֻʣ¿տǣ

ǳʢ˵⻰, ȻѽǼĥԼҵ֮ô˵Ҳû, ͻȻŪôһ϶è塣

վԭתһȦ, ȥˮ̴
Ź๾˼ڣһһ

üԽʱԽҪסʱܳ棬»֦ڡ̲ȥһˣǾ棬ݰĵķҲ˵ǲ

ǳʢ˵ʲôִ̧ϣԽԽ˵ˡ˼ţȲ֪٣Ҳ֪Ķʱܽ٣ƾһ죬ûҪӣֻҪĥܵ־ͳɡ

ɿ˵ȻҲû⣬ǿοԼͶӰɡ

²ᣬһͷǱߣʱ˿Ҳӡ
˵Ҫ㣬ȥǼסĶݡ

ȥӰѰڷλĹһ飬ְڵλ˲Ź㡣

վλǰЩӡ
ҲˣȻȿǶģÿһ壬ܵԭӰ졣

ԭһЩһЩµĸд

ϣʹţҲѶǼˣܽҪһԡ

ȥ˴ǰ
ŴǼ˯ģҲŴȥġⴲҲûİһǰϻʱֻǺĴӱŴϡ

ÿӣأڴ̽ʲô
˺һקһɫСľ䡣˴ĻңӻͳԿףľ򿪣涼һӡ

ǼҳǸĥԼغլ⣬еļҲˡ
ϵҲײƲ¶׵ĵ

ӹǲã޶СôһӳƻĶԼҡЩ׬Ǯ˼Ķˮ⣬ҳӲڼˡ

ЩʱûнӣҲûнӣǽ
һȥô꣬ԭûжӣ⼸ĥ׬֮ǮҲѧϵӲ

İɣһС૵ڸλ˵ַ·ڶԭ˵

*

ʱ򣬺Ǵġ
߸˸û֦չýš

˾һ·ûк
ϵҲʮ̹վ˺ͶԷҳ

˵ҲǵģƽʱҲӣκӶ۳ɼ̫Ҳ׽Ҳ˵֮Ƿǹʱ֤

ⲻﲻ뵢ǺӣҾŰɣҲû˹ܣĳæţרȥ˺ýţŵЩ˼ҵĺó㿴һҪѡɾ

ýЦеһԵͷɲǣҵſǳʮ㣬һٸ˵һҪõģɲܼЩ档Ҿ˵Ʒ޹һΣҲܿУһõġ

˵ˣϴкҲ˵ʲô
ˣ˼ҵӵİڳּƣõýŶ뵽ˣ¹ܴʲô⣬ٱû

кϷˡ
Ȼ⻰û˻˵ҲȤظЦ˵䳡滰Ϳ˹ȥˡ

ȶ߹ȥ󣬸ɢȥ˵л²ᡣ



㰡㿴Ӵ˭ˣ˻վڴ⣬Ͼк
ݶվһԣɫ̫ÿ

߳һλʲôģ
ˣȻˣǾͽɡ

ЦеźýߣпֵˣʱʮȺＷ˽
϶ϱˣɶأĵġҲ⣬βں

ʮɩҲˣôôУȥƤЦⲻЦص
ʵʮûʲôԹϴǱʮ¸ˣ˿Ȼûʲôɫ

ʮ·ûɫϵΧʲôвеģһ˼󲻹Χ̨ת˵ýˣⲻ֡
Цͷһø˵ӡ

㰡ǺýţкӾͳɡòݶ˲裬˷ֱ£϶

ýҲȤȵЦţ֡
˵˲ѵһǰ·Ҳûȥϣǵһμ棬ȻŲһ

ӿ佱ˡ²룬봹

ڶ˵УҲû£һ԰ѺýŵġṦΰоһ飬ʲôļý˼ҶлţʲôļҵĶӹǲãúýŰ˵£ת˾ͺˡ

֮žĿ䡣
ýҲǶ㲻ߺûá

ѳ滰˵ˣ͸ýˣҲΪ֣أýŻרŴ˸Сӡ

Կ䣬ͷĺúǸҾóĲӣֶЦ㣬ҲߣҪһӵˣϲʲôģҪǸɶԸ񣬶˵ǡ

û˵

ýź϶һۣЦֵĶˣ˵ĵ㣬ȻҲרšʱˣǧţٻһҪҸĵġ

˵ڸѼϼ
ʵϵţûгϣǱ߱ȻжûжŲ

װӣŵӡ⻹£ҪȥĥѲӷ⣬ˣп˻㣿

ýûϵô˵˼ҲûоܾҲǺģ⡪
ϡ

ҲûϵǸôӦǵˣ˵ǣ
ʱʮԱߵҿⷨӲæ¶࣬ԼҲãϾǸңĺ˼ɾ

Ҫȵȵȣȸ˵˵ͷˣýŻͼȡ
վЦӯӯذѲӴù֪ΪҺãҿɣģʶֵġ

ӴѲݶ˹
ҳȥˣݶȻλӡλ֣ʵµš˵꣬Ҵææˣûи˷ӦĻᡣ

⺢Ҳǣߺ
ýЩΡ

ݶʮЦӯӯģˬˡ
ǲݶͼ䣬תĥǱ벻ˣ¶֮ġ

ͼܸ˵ɰϸģóŸЦ±ʮͺýſЦ

*

ԶԶƼһˣʶü
ԷҲû˵ֻ΢΢ͷ˱ˡ

ԥһ£ں档
һֱߵȥǼĥ··ûʲôˣԷҲûͣ¡

ȥӱߣӭ߹һˣк
΢΢ͷȥ

˽
ͣסŲǰȥǰŵǸ˵ıӰѾʧˡ

鲻ǰǰҲͣˡ
룬ǰߡ

·˺üˣȥӱ߿ֵģӱߵĶסڸеû¾ˡ
ߵһ·ǰӰͣͣƺڿûˣ֮͹սȥˡ

һҲߵ
ԭվ˺һŹս



죬һЩӵŶԷ
ü۶ЦæסЦ⣬Ī֣ҲǾȥ˽ӵĴˣ±˵лҹ˵˵Ż²ߡ

ô֮ǰҲûĹû뵽Ȼ͸ˡ
һ·üˣе־úܴ̼װ£˴к˵䣬ͬʱĺûиϡ

ҲûԹе߳ŭܹġ
Ǵɩ˵˵ԺĪ£֪˻Ϊ͵顣




59.  Ѹ£ʮһ   

57

͵͵ʲô
ʱ, ҲʶԼʧԣյر죬߳ŭŶԷͬʱ, һſҲۿɼǺ

, һ˵ģȴЦ⡣
հհ, ֪һʱʧԣ͵û, աο

ǣɩ
ôǽǴɩѵұȹͻ󲻳ɣֵ, Խ

˵, ˶һ¡
ɻ, Ҳ֪뵽ʲôˣⶼȾһɫ

ؿǶ, û˵

͵һתһ˼
΢ƽЩתǴɩ, ˸ŮΪµΪϣչĳ˴, γ״ǹĳ, ĳ˵Ҳ, ǻ, Ǵɩ뵽

ô˵, ҲЩˡ
գôǲǲǡ

, һƬŭ, һתָһӰ
Ҳ֪ôЦȥ˵Ҳ̸, ˹ⱳӰһۣŲߵǰȥ



Ĺ⣬ûԼ˵ҲЩƺһ£תͷ֮ʣֱײ㡣
ûû㿪һȥʧȥƽһ˲䣬˸סˡ

ʱ·ͣ͡
ĪСŮͻˣ˲С˹

˶Է·̵ƵģŶԷ֣ûվȣָջ˾⵹ȥְֻ

ǴɩܲվˣЩҧгݡ
ίⲻǻûվȡ

ҧͷȥţܲվȣ
ˣˡ

һ
ɿ֣ܿٵؾͰֱ

һۣʱ⵹ǻָƽˣɫϲŭĬϢڿƮҲһֱû˵ֻһ͵һۡ

Ǵɩ±˵¹ĳˡ

Ȼ£
˶٣˵ϴ˵£֪ǵ

ĳϻ

ͷ
ƳһۣǴɩûشĳ֮ǰ⣬ĳֲҪĳǮǴɩĳΪΣѵΪ˰׷ֹĳӣ

㵹ҲͨˣҼϻȻΪݡǺţԺȻǰ;СӦ֪С˼ֲˣ¶Ѹ۸Ѱӻһ

˵õҲ죬ôʱúϣ˵¶Ѹ伸֣һį̬֮ⲩͬ顣

⿴봹ţǶȿȥֻܿḲ֮ϵĽ΢΢ţǲ
֮ǰʾЦģ·ǻһˡ

գգۣסͫеĸ֮ɫͽΪˣ

Щͻأʶ̧ͷײһ㱡СǣǲǶϤүеĹԼڹͼ峺һ£Щҧҧ´

߲ܿƵǱ̺ɫʱ˿ȴҧЩ׵촽ϡ
һĺ죬һȴƾձ״Ƿ۰͸˵ĺ졣


͵һ±۾ҿǼա

⻰㲽ӺܿˣһɵվǶλز

Ǳˡ
ôÿζϴ˵ȥã˵ȥǣҲ˵ְ׷ѹˣ

Ʊǿ㻹ˣһ㳭Сĥȥˡ

*

Ű
ǰˮģִ㡣

ֻǰһƬģˮƺ˽ǰߣƺ˺Զڿǰжˡ

Ǹˮء
ͣԲ״ƵİˮǴﴫġ

һ΢ɢЩȻͿжһˡ
ǸŮӡ

СŴŴĪ;Ļˡ
ƮŻˮסµλãǶֻܿ׵磬ϸľӣԼ˸ٵڷ

ˣҲһ

ܿƵؾ͹ȥ
ʹŷӣʮֿܣ˾ħһ



һ
Ǽ䲼üΪݻĹңʲ΢Ʈ

·Ʋס˫ţһǰȥᳵ·Щǰ
ǰһӣ糺ɫٵɴһ߸һŷ˵Ľ𹳣Ŵɫĵĵձһ˵ĸơ

ǰĽ̤ǻƻľġȻûƻľмǰеһУǰûмġ

ԼΣǷ֢ͻȻ˵ˡ
ôվͷ˵

·ʶģߵһСǰ̡
Ϸżƿƿ޹ޣڽ̤ǰ̷ְһԡĪľͿʼĿʼ

ʱһƬͻȻһĨס
ٿһֻš

ǽŰ׶Сû٣۵ģָ޼úܸɾԲ״ָǰ͸ģܿ·ɫ
һ㡣

ȥ·ʶֻš
һһ¡

Щƿޣ浽ָ״弰״ͿĨ

Ůӵ̾ƺ
޷ƣȴȡ

ڹоҪϢ֮ʣƺһнˣ˫սУЩᡣ
ͷȥʰЩƿޡ

ʱһ΢紵ƬʣͼϰŸŮӣһɫ£ɵĴ£¶񾱺ɫĶǶīɫĳɢɢشż࣬һͷ

̧ͷŮӵȻǡ
Ǵɩ



͵һ
ȫǺδˡ

ֲ̧˲һ̶ͣͣ˺һЩŵصͷ˿
ܿջĿ⣬·Ƶġ

ûôˣ⴫˴
ͷȥŷѾˡ

ˡ
磬˯ɣȥ緹

ɹôܻ˯ţ
ܿ齣Լʰһ»һɾ¿㣬ȥ

ȥ£ڳæţתݣʱ˸ȥˮԡ

ôԼϴˣôһѣȻϴ˾ǡ˴˵
Լϴȥɣҡ

ǰԼԼϴѣҲ˿˶ʳ˼̻𣬸ֻ飬ʲôɲŶԣȴ
ϴʲôᣬǹϵȥϲ˵ɻȴ㡣

˴Цӯӯ߿ˣûзֶӺÿҪѪĶ⡣

һֱȥѧ⻹ǸΡ
ⲻһΣ˵ء

ض̺һŮˣƺܻŮбĻЩȽ֮¡

ҲͰգ
ǹⳤôΪȵˡ

ͷһλ˵ʢżεҲ޷һȻԷù⾽ĵǣļǵϴδҲǴӺӱСֻ
һͬˡ

ٽԼǾ͵֮ԣ֮ǰ֪ãȴŶԷ˵¡
ⲻɵ˶ʮ꣬ܿţôǸɵӡ
ûֻ࣬ΪԼǶǴɩ˲е˼

һ죬ѧѧ˹Щ겻ᣬڹ࣬ѧǵҲɡ

һѧȥ˽ӣǶʱĿⲻһ




60.  Ѹ£ʮ   öš

58

Ƕ, ס
ýֵֹģڿ

ɢѧߡ
һͯסǶ

ǶŶԷ, Сüͷ
, ϻظǼ֮ͯһ

£
Ƕ˵˺ýҪɩ˵, ˵øˡԺɩҪǼ޸ø磬ǲǳˣ

ǻ, ⷬ϶м֮, ɶԷҪСһꡣǶǰűС, Ⱥ޵, ȴҲ֪ٲܴˡ

Ǵְɩӽû, Ҳ᲻ɩˡǸĸţǶҪһ㺢ͯһЩ

Ѱ˼ôʱһ
Ϥ, ʶӲת

á
ɢѧˣЩ, 浢󡣶, л˵

Ǻͯһ̾Ͳ, Ƕ

˵Ŀ棿

ǶһʱЩӦ, , ô˶, æѧҲ֪, ѧɩδѧ˵£ܡܴҲǺ˵

һ£ؼҸɩ˵, ˽һˡ
Ƕ͵һ̧ͷҡҡ

⵱Ȼ⺢뵽ʲôˣ޹أɩ˵˶٣ֲ²Ҫκ˵
ǣ

*

úԶ˰Ĵ
ڣͼſڵλŸ¯һűشʲô첲ϵļŶ͡ս

ĽѰ˶ҿ
СŸ긾ˣЩֹ

ʯͷڸ˵ôҲ

ʯĶδͣ
˻ûǯǿһԵˮȥ̵һ죬̴ŵ˵ʲô

¡ʮ
ʯü䲻㣬ǲҪˡ

ô䲻ˣҺڣƷۼûǼǮϲ㣬ﲻԣ㣬ﲻҲ֪Ǽҵ㣬Ϊ˸󳣵ϱ˼ҼﶼˣǺղһʲô

Щʯ֪ҲЩΪɺҲˡ
ˣҲˣΪ£

Ѿʮһθ˵ˣ֮ǰʯһֱûӦĬǲ˻⡣

ǰ䲻㣬䲻ϡǲǾǸѸˣԾˣ

ʮҲˡ

˵ʲôѾ˼ѵΪԼ϶ڱˣźüΣаţ͡ƺ«ˣһѾˣʣµľͿԼˡ

˵꣬ʮˡ
ʯĻǯҲû˴˼

վ˻̨ʰ£ְѻ¯ӷˣŸѧͽ˼ˡ

ʯȥ˺ӱߣԶԶͿһƬȻ졣
Ǽĥɳ̲ضƾո߳࣬һΧˣ룬Ǳȥ

﹤ڵػѾټһӣŰߣܵͬƽĵػ֮Щˮӹʲôġ

ʯҲʯݵػһ˵Цһ߸ɻҲмһԿ֣ʯˣԶԶľк

ʯͷˡ
壬ҹ

һߣڿԣںͰ﹤˵
ɫѣխ䣬ͬɫĿӣΧ˸ɫΧͷϰɫͷܸɾһĵѩ͸վȺۡ

СͰףɹڡ

ʯ˹ȥ㡣
ʯͷ磬ˣ

ʲôҪġ
ˣ㿴ôˣ㹻ˡڰ֣ЦŵӲҪɱ⡣

ûʲô⣬ұûУɻһġ
Ҳ֪˵ĻЦӯӯص治ãͳɣɱְ࣬Ūһ࣬Ͳֵˡ

ߣýѾˣĴתſ˿﹤ɵĻ
ڼ䣬ʯһֱߡ

Ҳеͷۣʯͷ磬ҵûˣأ
㡣£ʯֲ䣺ҲҪˣüȥ緹ˡ

һȻþܾ
ߵһ·ϣ˶Ĭš

ǲ֪ô˵
ʱĹȥԭµӰ΢΢ҲһֱԼʹǰԭʯ֮ЩӵоҲԭ

һֵú塣
ʯʵҲͦӵģҪҪ̹˼˵˼ȷʵôʧᡣ

㡣ʯͻȻͣ½Ų
ʯͷ磬㡭

Ǵɩ

˳ȥͼվһˡ
ǹ⡣

߳һһֱֻ׿ȻȺֻɫôã࣬ŵŭ

Ȼ
ʯҲʶ⣬Ȼû˵ԶԶΡ˿⣬ȥ㡣

Ƕ
Ǵɩ

æǱʲô£
Щ¸˵

ǡתͷ˿ʯҪʯͷȻذɣ
ʯ˵ͷɵͷЩˣȴֲ˵ʲôֻܶһȥ

£
ҿ˿ﲻ˵

գգۣǣȥϴǵط
Ϊ仰⿴һۣȴû˵ʲôֻ΢ͷ

վһǰһںмܳһξ롣㵽С֣ҵʯͷϵĻҲ˲
Ҳһˣĵһ仰ǡ

öţȥһ˽ӣôûȥ




61.  Ѹ£ʮ   ˵϶ǹѡ

59

һ㶡
µΪ

ЩǱصһ, ƫɵǵûУֻǴɩ֪, ˲Զţ

˵˲Զš, Цˡ
ûԴ˱Ťģⶺ, ǰսЩ

ģôŲ񣿡

һ˲ӵ˵Ǵɩ˵˵, ĪҪ̫
㷴, Խô˵ԽǰһЩ, һЦ绨ǹŭΪ⣿

Ա˼, תһԴǣǴɩ, 㻹ûش𣬻Ůǰ˺ׯЩǸ֮ʡ

תƻ⡣
һۣû뵽, Щظ˵ϰ˹ɡ

Ǵɩ

˺ˣĪա˵ʵʲôһûŪ, ˵öŶ, 㲻˵ȥһˣ¶ʵڳ鲻, ׼пȥ, ѵ˵Ϊң

һº, ְֺס
ȷʵ, ȷ˵ӦЩ߳ŭ

Ƕ, Υıԣ˵ںʵһڵ, ֲڣ֮ʮָӡ
֮󣬸ʱֱĪ

ǧζܾطţΪڶ˭֪ҽ˽˺ܾãû˵ټ
һֱѧˣôûء

룬˵£
ֵ˵ڶգ˻û

ⲻһŭ֮³˽ӣ֪ôߵ·ʯͬС
ʯͷ硯

ҵȻΪ֣εҲǼ㣬ǴɩĪҪ˼룡
Һ˼룿㡭㱻Ťˡ

Դ
Ǵɩ㻹ĪҪװɵ֪˵ʲôһ˵Ǵɩעо٣㷴ýӶӵദ֪Ůܲף㼴ǶĴɩ͸Ϊ룬о˿β²⣬ֻԶʲôӰ죿

㱻Цˡ

չԣŮӾ͸ôŲŲ˵ĸÿǳţ˵Ȼ˿ؾ֮壬ʹΪŮ֮ܲԼҵ˴

ҡ

ѵڲǹйŮͬһŮܲףѵˣУ֪Ҽֻй¶Ѹ͸֪ҪŻҲҲ˵ѵǹ¶Ѹ

ЦһŤͷˡ
ľνĵ¡Ů举ѹԼС˵ʵرԼ

ڼУżңŮ꿪ɺ󣬱Ůר븮̵
ʼŮŮ䡢Ů򣬸еĹﶼǸű˼Ϳʼˡ

·ǼΪģһСڼܳ裬֮ȫܸͬܣЩ֮ԱǡˣҲʼһЩŮĵҲⶫרŸŮӻ˸ΪصĿ

ЩͷЩ˲ڣЩ˿ƲͷʵڣЩ˿ͷʵڣͿˡ
һֱĺŴԽ磬ŸܵЩŮӵ֮ʹܻ᲻ա

⾹Ȼô˵

ûϵͻȻһæ˹ȥ
Ǵɩ

Ͷ࣬ƲŮӣֺα⸾˼˵
ǴɩҲ˼

Ǻ⣿Ҽһأҡ
һʱʧԡ

˱˵ߣӺܼ֪Ѿ߳С
㻹Ǳˡ

ʱ˵ܽ
һ֣һ

ɺܴ֣˴´࣬һҶǼȥˣ˲˿
ͬʱҲֵµľ״

㱻§ڻúܽмֻѣȴöƤƤ⣬ܸо¶ȡ
εǣһֻ§

̵Ƶæջ֣
ǴɩҲġȵȭΡ
֪Цһ

ҷǻһʱʧԡ
֪ˣﻹ˵š˵꣬͵ͷҴˡ

ߺ󣬹⿴˿Լ֣ԭվ˻Ҳˡ
һֱԶˣսǴ߳ˡ

ǡǹ
ǡǸǹѸɣ

˶һۣš

*

Ҳȷʵæ
ΪʱȥĥǱߵԽԽˡֻһ֣С﹤İżɵΣľʯģһЩ鶼Կš

Ժ͹֮£ҲֻһͱԺˡ

һ֮дʱ䶼ںӱߣȻýҲûкôۿɼڸϵúܿ졣

ǰĥļݣĥĳ㣬ư˸䡣
žĥһĥãɵĻǿãַﶼɡ

ɳ̲ر󣬾Ϳʼʯˡ
һоϵ˺ǲ죬֪ʹ𣬳˿⣬ڡ··ϵ·ҪѴʯġ

һŲ˽ţҲһ꼾˾Ͳҳš

ǼĥŪôųֻΪ޸ĥĥĥѺӱôһƬضʯ

Ӷյģ

ɵ˼ҵģв֮ҲŸֻ̫̽Ҫô˵֪Ƕҵ˼

ҾǹѸˣǸ˼ҡ
һ˼ŪȺĵ֮٣ҲֻΪǷˣΪ϶ұˣƹˤ֮ǰȰǼҵӸ⡣

۵÷зǱ߼˴źýһβᣬͬʱиҲڰдš
˴ǲŵģΪ̫˼ɼܲס˶ࡣ

ǵ˭˵ģҪ˵ӳîɱҲ˴
ǸˬʲƽϵӣǵһμճҲԹ˼ѽ˭Щϲ˵лˣ

ԱʵļҲʮΡ
ǻ࿴˿Щε˼ҵҲⲻ˵ġ

˭˵ģ
̼ҵ˵ġ

ɻ˵ġ

ĿⶼۼڴɫӵĸϣСɻ긾˱վѰ͵˼ҵ治Ǻ˵ïʢĵͰƼġ⻰סںӱʤҵ˵һһҲһΣʱǹѸ͹Ⱥ߳ûϡ

꼸󣬹˴ɫûмãѿˡ
Ȱ˼ҵҲ˭֪Ʒأ˵϶ǹѸң⹴

Ҳã˵Ǽĥ϶ŴûŻǹѸ޳ȥ˵ϼҶ˳ˣ᲻СѸû˸ԼҸɽ

˵û޵ĺҲ͹һģúãƷҲãԺǰ;᲻СѸʸ֦

ˣϹ˵ˣûû˼Ůһȥģǽ˵һŹ
˵꣬˴ˡ

¼㿴ңҿ㡣
һƲƲǣϸɤѧһ䷽Ź˴˵ĻֵŹ˭иϢĶӡ

˵䣬ٱ
⸾˺һϲҲ˵ˡ

һ˼˼۾ЦһС˵˵ⲻҲ֮飬ǹѸˮ飬ǸˡҲʮж˰ɣ͵ĺĸȢˣΨҸ˲һƫ˵ܵҵ

˵ͣѪյģܱסĸڣȻѳֲסˡĽҰ⣬ɾһ£Ҳ֪˵ıҲȢ˼ңռ˱ˡ

˵õҲ˻Цڴܰռˣ

ô˵⻰ָôģ˵ǹѸ˷ŵģָȢؼң
õͦ࣬Ҳǲܡ

۹ôſϷͺˣع˼ôճ




62.  Ѹ£ʮģ   Ϊòң

60

ϽӷŽ, ʹҴ߽

鲻ˡ
ʲôˣСϵ̧ۿʲôҴҵģʲôʱѧѧˣ

, ϸһ˰, ʲôʱ˻˼г
㵹˵ʲôˣ

Ͻмл˵һ, ҸտʼţΪҽ, Ĵ, ˵б۵ġ˵Ůôô, ǰ˰

ֱ, һİƵְѱͽâ, ð
øƨãҪ湴ǹȥǹ

굱ˡ

˵, 껹治ҡ
Ҳ˲Сүߵͯ, ֪Щ˲֪¡

統ܰѹѧ, ﻨ˺ܴ, ˲֪ٻ, ԷŴӦ
һźЩ˽ʿү, ǲֵһ, ܲסǺ, Ǹ

ʲô
ﶼ͵ġ

֪һ֮أոԣ, ȻĺӾͶࡣɶ˶࣬ÿƾȡʿޣҲ˽һйĶˣĸǧɱģ

ͬһڱĵطˣɸڽһǸ
ɴ˿ɼǼӹⲻûе

ȻֹЩ˵ǹһʦĳλʲôһ֮ԻţʵҲλϵϵҲֻ֪ľͶˡ

˵զ죿СŮӻˣʲôʱλģ

ϵңôֲ֪úýΣǸֽѣ˵д㣬ֻǲֳ֪Ϊ˺ԣⲻҪƤˣҪˣ

ԣһʱû³̡

ǳʢˡ
ĸһģҲ˵ˡ

ת˺ܶȦҧ޵ǿɱȦף˭֪Ǽ٣˵ˣͷѵչ˵ĲܣһˣҪƤˣ˵ָ˴ЩлΪǣ

˵ģչ˵ȢɣһȢѸǣչ˵Ը⣬ǻиԸȢôɫǿɲҪţôôΪЩԣǸòٰ졣

ôٰ취ϸ˵˵ϵ
һһʱ

*

һУ㲢֪
̧ͷ˿죬Ѿʱˣ彻һؼҡ

ȣͷܴɹΪ
ҿɡʲôãܵһЩ

һ·ĵطߣչսڣͼԶһվŸˡ
ǹ⡣

Ų΢ЩɣԷѾˡ

Ǵɩ

ʮֲǴɩҲٸ˵ƺ
£
ҽΪյ£Ǹ

ǸչǵǸˣ
ĳǾӦõǸϾʱĳ״

˵ͷʵûϣҲ÷ϡ
Իڼ䣬˭Ҳû˭ٻЩεġ

ԣЩɵû£Ȼˣ
Ȼ¡⻰˵е㼱Ҳʶˣȭǲϴĳ˵¡

Ȥˡ
ͬˣ

˵ͬʱܿ˿Ǵ磬˵ıԵش·ϵˣ˵пܱײ
ҲĶҪǻط˵

ȻȥϵطϾڸûԶ
Сֱˣ΢Ǹĺõط

㽫ɡһԣͳӲ˲ţײ϶Ͷӹ
е㲻ڣתƻҪǩӵġ˫ãҲԺΪǮֳʲô⡭

Ȳţϴ˵뷨òǺףҪ˵һ˵ĳҪ֪㵽ʲô

Щɻ󣬵Ҳûж룬ֻˡպǼͼնţӻͳͼֽʯͷ̯˸⽲

ֽЩ΢΢ƣƺΪǻóԿͷкܶ۹ĺۼ
һֻѹţһָֻ⿴

ָϸף봹һһϵ촽
ģЩƲסˡ

ֲɵȻܸоͶעĿ⡣
̣е̲סˣ̧ͷ˵ʲôȴ̫ûײϡ

ץסһֻ֣Ϊòң
ҡò㣿㶼ýˡ

ʱҲʶԼʧ̬æվ
Ǵɩǹĳʧˣһݺ˵

ûᣬվչ˵ģվס㲻ѻ˵һ׼ˣ
ȥǰҳ㣬һٶÿλû˵˾Ҫߣǲǹˣţ

ͨ죬۾ȴԼħˣʱעϡ
Ҳʱ̳ԼԺС

ʱҹǡ
ֻҹ޺ܶ࣬ÿÿ֪ϦǺϦ

Ϊ£־òǣ⼸˶ºڡա߳ܵ£Լ޷о١

ǽǻǺüˣкܶʱˣӦֻȥһλǻ

ûˣ㡣ĬĬ
ʲôÿζǲǺУԾñҲС

ͷߣͻȻ˱ƽˣʶˣֱ˱ƿϣŷӦʲô

㡭
סˡ

Ϊòңһ˵ţһͷҧأǷ˿ħ

ѾŴˣֻʩ
һֱѾʦͨתλãŷӦչ˵ģʲôɿ

ôɵÿ
ӺŮӵһ̱չֵ쾡£޷Ӵصĺ̵Ҫڻˣ޵꣬Ǽ⣬صһ͹ͤЩ뷿֮֡

ͻȻнŲ
·ħ䣬˵ͣ£æȥѴãԽԽҡ

ʱѾˣŲԽԽ⵱һôȥ

ǵڼˣ
ᶼˣ˷˶ˡ

˺ܿߵһǼĥɻĿ
Ĵߣֿ˿⵹Ǹõط죬Ժͷ󲻸ɻʱܵЪһЪ

֮ҲûߣҵطˣȻҲҳֻܶһʱ֪ôźá

־뵽ξĶˣôԼԽԽŭ°;ϷݺݵضǴҧһڡ

һͷ
ۺŭƫƫִˮӨ͸ģ촽̺̺ģƷεģϸľӣ½ûۺãڰڵ¶һصɫĶǶ

һȥ
ô米֣Ҳ㲻ֳ˵Ǵ򣬲˵Сèӡ

գȢ㡣
ᣬ
˵ָ꣬Ʒ

ôػأҲûˣֻͷ˿ߣҲܸϽԶ㡣
֪ȥ˶ãŲ

һֱŲԶˣɿ




63.  Ѹ£ʮ壩   ֵĴ

61

һ·ͷҴææߡ
صҺ, ݶ쳣̲סһ䣬ֻ˵һɹ̫̫ͰѷŹˡ

, ŷеɡһֱûա
ɡ, ǽǣױ̨ǰ¡

, Ůϼ˫գ۾ˮ, ·޹ƵġҲͰ, Ŀ, ̺졢΢΢Щ˵Ĵ

뵽֮ǰ, ̲סܸ߳С
û뵽⾹ˣƽһòȻ, ˭֪˽¡Ȼ뵽Ǿ

գȢ㡣

㣬ôô, ϸŷҪҶЩ, ݶ

ˣ, žԼӦЩ, æַŻ, Ҳ, һɻ

û°, ǲ, Ӹ㰾Щȥ
ãû¡

ݶˣǰ, Լؿڡ
úܿ죬ġ뵽֮ǰ˵Ǿ䣬뵽һ

ǲ
Щ̫æټ˼治ףûʱҲûȥ̽ǣҲ޷ǡ

ôİЩٶ˷ʱȴ޲·
˰죬ҲûףټҲȷʵˣž˯ˡ

һ˯ɽѣûģҲ붯ŵȻɣѾ˯һ磬ݶˡ

㣬𣿡
ˡ

ݶ߽һ˿ģ
һΪĶ̹ٲӦңҾȥѰ򡣡

һߴһѣ̫磬ʱֱͷɹˣ˯һˣ㲻õġ

ݶۼ⣬ָ촦㣬ǶզˣǱʲôҧˣ
ɻؿһۣ˳ȥʲôҲû

ǺһǱʲôҧˡ
ݶڽ͸ѾӦˣȥ˾ǰȥգſϵĵطһСָ׸ǴСٺۡ

ģе㷺ϡ
㲢İֺۼһΪ»ֹͤ˵ʵ

ǿۼָǻĳտʼ̣ȥеӰݶһɻӣæϵı飬½½á
ãÿԵסתӶģ֪ӱǴϳࡣ

ݶҲûֻ˵ѾʼˣȻܳԡ
㽫ԼʰʰվӿԼûô˲ųȥһҲˡ
кòݶˮϴ

ŪգҲˡ
ɩӣǰҸ˵£ȥ˽һˣôҲûȥ

ĿӶ£˵£⼸̫æ͸ˡ졢һȥɩӲˡ

ô˵ɩȥˣѾԼˣֻȷ˵£̲סһࡣ

Ҳû쳣ʵɩӣ˵ΪϴҸ˵£
ʲôⲻùĵģҪľǺúö飬ɩܾˡ

Ȼû˵ȻûзϣΪǱԼˡɩ֮ǰνͷȥҹΪ˽үͷ˶һӡ
ȻҪɩӣ϶ʲôչˡ

뵽Ҳ˲٣ڲٵɩӱƼˡ
Сӣܿ͸ⱳǷǷǣ⻰˯º£ݲϸ˵

*

ԽԽȣͷҵʱİ﹤ǲɻġ
ȻǵĹǮ㣬ĥĶһ壬רЪһʱ

Ǽĥģ಻ǱˣǸӵׯں˵Щ룬ټ绹ҪŸɻǶأһ㶼ҵطЪһ

緹Щ˾ҵطЪˡ
רŴˮĲеѾҸطˣ˵Ҳ̫࣬Լȥҵط

Ǽĥʯ̨ϣԻ˲ˡ
Ȼͷ󣬵зӵţˮҲ졣

żնĥʳ˿ڶࣿһʮĺӴǻʵ

űߵһŵϣλ
ʮģһɫĹӣĺؾһͷڷԺ˸Բ٣һӡ

ԲԲüĿģ˿ϵ˶һʲôطҲ˵ֻ֪һҲλǸˬˣ˼˵ģҲûƲЩģ⺺ӲŸҴǻ

Ҽﵹ˿ڲ࣬ͰɣԾЩáûˣĥЩ棬극ַûˣⲻĥЩס
ȷʵʹˣǲȻҪòȥҰ㿸ȥǡ

ǵˣҲѰ˼òÿξһЩʳ˾ǶܼˣҲš
ӵͷӦǡ

أҼҲСˣôܳԵʵ

˲ͬϵˣַԣͷɹԶԵЩࡣ⺺ӿѾʮˣʵҲʮ꣬׳ꡣ

ӽֵûʲôⲻͳҵɣׯںʲôԵԲģһеġӣ׻˵СӳӣⲻҲʵû취

ͷ㵹ǺøӣԺںͷ
ɲǣԺںͷһ˲ҲǸģӺ⺺һˡ

⻰ͷˣĺһһ˵Ķǵׯڣĺ֮໰

ˣɻһٹǮʵ
дĺҲûһʮǮ壬绹һٷЪһʱ
ô˵˻

ǲһŮӣ˵ͿģͷһμһǶҡ
һȴĺӲ治緹ͷ⣬ǰͷɻļҸ԰ҪôԼиҪôˮŪϡˮӦӦˣһһȥܳ뷹

ﲻ㣬˸Ͱ˴Ȥ
ȤĺҲգЦصܣǼﶥ˭ţýҡ

ʱ˳ŸľͰ
ӭȥ

Сֵܣˡ

ĵͷǺŰɣһȥÿ˷һ룬רŽȣС
ллţã۾Ͳˡ

ľͰᵽһԣưҨ˵裬߰ĶǴЦЦ˴ʳѾʰˣȥ͸ó

˵ţһӶˡ
˴㿴ôȵ죬ôʱˣͷûôʱǡȻλҲϤ˵ȡ

ⲻĥæţͼٵʱˡ
æҲʱ»ҪʲôʱкʱŪգðĸͼǡ

˵ţ߳Űɡ

壬һˡ
ذɣôãˣҿš

Ҳʻ̫࣬æתĥûŪˣרų˿ʣʲôҲûܾ͹ʣۼδʱˣŪա

彻˼䣬ɡˡ
һͷλڸ˰Ǯ󣬽Ҳˡ

س̵һ·ϣȻͬУΪʶû˵
ͷңҲûɡʲôģּʱʱͣĨĨѾǰͷˣͣ½Ų

ҪòҪҰðɣ
´ӣվסŵĥĶңǼҵģǵã̫ˡ
˵ţֲ˲

Щȥ˿ǴӹԼӦö˹ȥ
һ˴ӣһֽɡݸԷ

ɡţҰá
ô˼

ĥչ⣬˳·һˣµģҰһ·

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һ·ȷʵеЩ׻˵ףҲû˵ܼ־ͼס
ʱӷͣסˡ

˰ɣᣬˣ㻹治һӮҡ
㲻˼ЦЦ˵ġ

۵ģҲɹġ
۾ϡѲ˼ۣǿ貿࿴˼ۡ

㱻ЩĪ˵ʲôλͻȻаɣҼҾڸûԶӦò˳·Լȥ

ҪҸͼȥ
治ˡ

֣㵹Ҳû˵ʲôӹɡˡ
ûз֣λһֱĿԶ




64.  Ѹ£ʮ   Ҫ

62

Ҳǻȥ˯˸, ŷָ첲ˡ
ġۣһۣҲء

¸ݶ˵, ݶԹǿ˵ô˵, ȥε˵ҩƣȥ, ˣҩơ

ε˵ҩ, ҪϺʹ, ҩЧƤЧֻ˼Ƕ, Űòݶҩơ
ڼ, ǺҲᣬܽʵôˡ

ķ, 档
װϸϸһƹ˿˽ס֥顢ͺ, ÿӰ迪ζ˱Ƕ롣

žθڴ󿪣

й𻨾, ˷, һ, һھ, Եͷ󺹡Ӹ˲, Щ, 𼱡

СԷĶϸ, ټȷʵȣ̫Ѿɽֻϼδȥ, ԺƷ粻Ƶ˷š

죬ĪҪˡ

ҲҪˣϽһ꣬ҲһЩ
ȳ극Ҳһ

ʱһɽ棬Ů̫һҡӣ乬Ҷˬġ
˵޺Ӧ˵Ǹ˼ҵ˶޺ֵطҲ˳˶

㰵վòݶˮԡ
ݶӦȥˣ׼ϴʱԺͻȻˡ

˭ѽһӦţһȥš
Ҳͦ棬ۼͿˣ˭ϼ뵽ͣ½ŲվŴ

˺ܿͽˡ
ǼˣͶʮӣָ׳

ܾ⼸Щ죬һʱ벻˭Щףֹġ

㣿
ͷǣ

ʱѾܵˣߵˣǡ

û˵꣬ǱѾ˵ˡ
㲻ù˭ȥһ

Ŀ⵱һûӦĻᣬ⼸׳ĸѾ˹ˣ˵ǯס֡

ʹһĸ첲ţ⼸ءҲͰգ׼ĺܳ㣬

ɩӣ˹
СӼҼҵıңȥɩȥ˼һ˵

ҲܣֻֽŲģǲҲǡݶ˳һĻҲеסˡ

㣡
ǿ˵ȥʮʯͷ硣

˭ûáһЦ
Ļһ

*

꣬ñи졣
ߣ˽ƳţѾжˡ

ˣʱ㲻ǲҲǣеѾˣмվڱҵ￴

ǵùô죬߰ɡ
һ˺ܿ뿪

ܳˣײײģǲݶһ߿һ߾ȥˡֵȼʱҲ´ˣֻܸԹҡ

һʮˣһͬĻʯ
Ųݶȥǣ˵Ҳֻ˵ˣ˽֪ʲô¡

Ǽ˲ǱˣʵҲһˣͬһÿֻи˷ʲô£ǲŻ֡

쿴ƣȻСȻҲӰߡִҲַֻϲŻᷢ
͵

һˣҲˣ˵ͰĿͶעʮʯϡ
ʯ˵壬ʮ˳ȥһѽס

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ȥ

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ȥʲô
ȥ

ȥĵطһȥʮȵ


һȥ
㡭

һȥȥһȥл˵
ӰܿʧһƬĻ֮С


һС

һֱڻĶͻȻ˳


˲ϵᣬȥɩӡ˵꣬ܡ
һߺţһɡ׷˳ȥ

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ֵ뿪ˣȥˡ

Žա

ûֻ·ʱƹӡһѰլҪߴࡢש߸ķӡ
ųգֻмʱʲô£Ż˽롣

û뵽Ȼˡ

䡣
Ҳۣ첲ۣۡ
Ѿʪ͸ˣŵһɨȥˬû뵽ַʽ١

һ
˿ܡһƽӣһֻǽϵһյơ

ͻȻ򿪣긾ˡ
߰ɡ㱻

һκ̵ܶ·Աôһ˵Ҳǵ˼ޣȥ͵˵ϡ
㡣

̧ͷ˰ϵˮſ״ˡ
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㿴û˵
ʱ߽һˣС˵˾ʲô

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Цȴһ˿Цⶼޣ㣬û뵽㿴Ǹʵģû뵽

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㲻⡣

֪ЩԶǵһּ֪˵¡贫ɾô˭ʶ˭Ȼû˻ﴫߵ˶û˸˵
ҲǸôӦֱǲŽ˾档

ˣȰĹȰ㣬㲻Ը˵ҲźüˣΪ˸Ѱ䡣ЩģҲˣҲˣҲԹǡ

̣ҵʲôˣǿʵ
ƫһ˵ӡ

ǰһЦʱˣ㻹װɵ㲻Ϊǹŵû֪

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ѵ˵͹ⵥദ˿ˣ

ʶ뵽ǰ췢¡
ƽʱע⣬±˿ֻǻأ£һʱܣûע⵽·ûע⵽Լ

ϵȻû©ɲӣЦһҲҲظЩˡΪǼҸع֮Ȼ˰˽֪ͨ˽֮ͨôõģ

Լ
Ժ︡ͷ

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ϸЦ£һ˵ǡ
ֿ㣬˵ֳ£ϷԷﶼۣǲģΪķ

վ˲ٿ࣬ҲǸˣʱ˴£Ҳпԭɣ˼ˣԺĪҪں¶

̣Ҫҵܲ磬Һ͹

״ͻȻص°
㣬ȰĪҪҧˣǲҧġʶȤ㣬ʲôҲ˵ȰĻôȥˡ

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ʵҲףһӵһѸʲôҲû˻

š

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Ҫ

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вң
Ҫ

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ֶϱл˵

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ôŵģ
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꣬ƳһۣЦ㵹Ǹġ
ϸЦⲻʵûӣᣬࡣֶϱ֮ǰ£Ը񣬾ǰ޳ȥǱ߻ûϣ϶ģóˣģʵʵȥ

㿼ǵòûôɡˣأ
һ͵




65.  Ѹ£ʮߣ   ֮ǰȥ

63

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ôˣݰʪѻˡ
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ʯĴɩֶڣ, ʮһۣǻȥ

Ǽ, ˵ʮҵġ
, ʯҲʲô, źͺӻȥˡ

, ˵ˣܸܲңΪʲôȥ㣿ʯʡ
ôȣܸﶥţ

ʯʹغһ, ˢһվҪ֪ʲô£ˣ˵ܾܲȡ
˵, ߡ

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Ǽ˶˶, һ, ײ档Ȼ, ô, ֻܺйأ

ʮ³һ, صû뵽㾹ȻˣҿʼΪҥԣĴ, ѰҲˣ϶йء

ʯһԽܣŵ˵͹

һ׽ӣͬʱҲ뵽ںӱ߷¡ʱеɻ󣬵ûж룬û뵽ྐྵȻġ

֪Ϊʲôȥˣ

ʯû˵ֻǶͷ
һͻȻվ

ʲô
Ҳˣһȥ

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

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㻹䣬һɢȥֻʣ˺
촽ףֹס

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㱻ȥҲˡ
ûУֻ˸˿ӣųȥˡ

Ҳ˲ֿʼšϵˮӲǲǴӦ⣬ʲôµ

ɻ
˺ָô˵ӹһ٣

ɻϸ룬ͷˣ˵ˡ

ȥˡ
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ȥվܿ״̣ûˣ˸긾ˡ

ͬؿΪʸ˼ҹ˷ųЩHǲǾ˼Ȣ㣿Ϊû˿˼ҿˣ˼ҹ˼Ҳˣλǹʲô͸˹˴˵ɡ

㿴긾ˡ
Բ΢֣ؾŵǴüĿ֪ΪԷЩ졣

㿴ңҿ㡣
ϼ˴Ҳ˵ǲǲ˼ֵ㣬زͱˣ˼ҹ˴ǸŮӣЩĻõ˵ɱ֪ܡ

ʱҲ˭ˣæʳλ


˰ɣһʲôء˴ͻȻ㣬ѾͷôŪûʪģꣿ

ҡ

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ϵûϳѣ㣬洫ʳ

˴Ҳ֪û´һ¡
ѵ㲻ţҲ˵֤ģȥ˽˵ţɷһͷͷߡ

˴Ҳûֹ
ܿ˾ͱˣǹڣܷ־һҼеĸˡ

˴˵Ƽʲôˣ

⸾еηη˿̺͹˴ֱںͷֳһѣС뵱ҵȥӱϴѣһͬĻӣ·ǹѸ͡

˭
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˵ʲô
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֮Ͳ˵ˣ׵Ķˡ

һһ㶵ģ⸾ᵽһĿڣ벻ĶȻܼȻ˵˻ѡ

ߵġ
⸾ΪҪߵ

Ǹί˵ţҲû룬ѰңҲԼǱˡ˭뵽ǹѸȻصĻôȦӣΪͨҵ죬¸ȥܻ˼ҹ

ˣˡ
ߣ¸Բֻһ⸾뵽¡ֻǹУں棬ܰ´

Ϊô˵
ǾҪϺ˴ˡ

ԼʲôݣһѸǹ˴һѸԼǣ϶ôǧҪʲôϵźá

ǽ¾Ϳ˵ͨˡ
Ϻ֮˴ǹ⣬Ϊ˴Դͷ

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СϺ̣
Сġ

ͻȻһֻɥ֮УǶʱʲôȴԸȥЩǵĶԸװɵԸ¾á

Լһ˵Ǻգ̶̼ʮ꣬αΪЩСò

ĽһãѴ˳ȥ˳ȥ󻹴Լ

ֻûѧûѧ᲻ֶΡ
ʵа취תģûôȥ˵ȱΣУһͤʲô¶ˣиˣ

˴ƣ˵ֶϱǻˣʵҲôʧӣɹǺţʵڲ̾ôǰ;Ҳֻܴˡ

Ǹ̾ǻˣָƭˡ
һ˼룬һ

ͻȻջĿ⣬תǸˣ˵ôĵ˵ӡ̣Ȼˣɻǵҵմ˼ʲôɫѣ׶̵׵ģ

Ǹûϵôʣһ£ԥԥش׶ģ̵׶
໹̣
׶ģ

ȷ
ԥһָۣĿڣ̵׶ģҼǴˣ̵׶ġ

һЦǴˣȲҲ̣ҴĽɫӡǸ˼˵ϵҲü磬ҿҳʮ֤մþǽɫӡ

㷽˵ĵֻɫȴҴʲôɫѶǲסЩڮҵĻĪİɡ

һĻļ죬û˷ӦĻᣬѾˡ
üǸգЩܻǹ˴һۡ

ϣµô˵ʵ
ҡҡϼͷ󺹣Щ޴룬ʱȥô˵ģȻҲᡭû뵽ƭҡˣһ֤

Ǹҧ죬ҿûƭ㣬㡭

ˣ

˴ͻȻ˵ִ

˵ʲôأԭ¡˵ҵһ£֮ǰȥ㣬ǲʲô




66.  Ѹ£ʮˣ   գᡭ

64

⻰һʯǧ, ˶סˡ
㡣

˴ﵹһڵӣЦؿ˿㣬ǿ²֪, ʶ, ĥʶġ˳úãҲ, ֪˭ʱͰʳ, ɡҴ

ҾѰ˼ŮӸҵϱ, ˵ǼĥѰ, ҾǶҲС, Ǽ޹ˣ˺þⲻ, ҾŵݻأŴӦǶӡ

Ϊ±ײ, ĵطͶĥպǵط, Ҳ屻˴˽ʲôġ˭⻰˴, ûɫ, ñ, ЩЦԷǡ

Ҳ˵, ˴ˣ̳ʵ
˴Ҳ, ͷ

¾еˡ
ù˴Ұԧ, ˭˼ҲҰԧ죬һϣɫ׽, ϸƣֱ

Ҳûܹ
ôԲǸ᲻ᱻ׷е㷴Ӧ

˴˵ĻףΨһе㲻ס

ʱ˽
ˡ

ˣ
˵ͷһͬĻܹܡ

æվ

ʱ˾ˡ
ܹʮͣþݸƲӡ⻹һôæǴɡ۰ںЬʪˡ

⿴˴ʱЩ죺㡭
ȻΪġ˴ϵ̣Ѿ˵ˣǾˣӹҵģû뵽Ͷܹܡ

ܹ䲻⣬ǴŹⲻʲô
߰ɡ˴̵ֶˣҰҲˣ

Բ˵ʲô
ߺ̡ܹ

Ǽҵģµô£

˵ܹܲǸˣ峤ı̸ֱߣ峤ĸլС£ܹ˵Ҳ̵ɷ򻹹á
νϣ˵Ǹල峤񣬿峤ƴϾǰ衣

ǡ峤ĶӣһĿǰĹ٣Ȼ峤ƴ󣬲ȻҲڶһܹܵĵӡ

⡭
ˣҲʣҼסˡ

Ȼᡣ

ְܹĿͶꡣ
걻վѰ޲Ҹطȥ

ܹܡ
ҵ֪Щǰ˴ţǶȥˣһֻ۱һֻۣǶǣǼҵĺӾͳɡɽʱͬգ˵ģ

Цףס
׾Сܹܵͷûٶˡ

ߺ󣬾͸˵ʱˣӵľϡ
̻ŷŵ£ֻܹ˵Ļ

ȻܹܾͶ˵һ䣬⵱˵Щô꣬γҲô

˰£
ؿϣЦҼҲܲˣȥʣµĸöô˵㣿

ãáæҡͷһ
ǻߣ

æǸˡ

*

˳ʱѾСˡ
˴һɡһѡ

Ź˼˴Ͱ˼ҡ
Ҳǵ˺󣬲ŷֶڹ˼ҡ

󣬾ͱ
ɩӣΪҲˡ

Ϲ˵ʲôأ

ҲĨᣬȻûֱ˵ƺͶǲ뷨

ȱ˵ˣˮҸŪЩˮϴˮ衣ҼҵĶãԺӡ˴

Ϊϱˮˮܿˡ
ϴ裬һ˴ľѣŸо˲١

š
˴תȥ˾ǹ⡣

Ỵ̈һ뽪
˴˶һۣѽ˹û˵ʲôⱻƵúܲڣæˡ

ѽˣ
лл

һŨŨĽ¶ǣظɢ˵ģ촽ҲЩѪɫ
Щֹ

˴￴һۣǲǺô£
˵ͷ

ʵ鲢ӣ¾ԣ˾ͷͷˡ
ȥԴͷǱ˹˼š

˴£ǸԸ񣬲Ϊ˵죬ȥʶӡ

ͬԼ˵ľȥ£ʱմ꣬ԥôӿڣˡ

ŵԭܼ򵥣ΪǽųŵǸͣȴֲǡ

ôһ仰֮顣
Ҳ˵һĳЩº󣬶ôŽ֮顣

˵Լ˲ԣ˵ʱ򣬴˶ѡ̻Լˡ
ϵã첲գ

һ˴ɻˣϾôǼҵ¶ЩţͬʱҲЩġ
ʲôŮӣ׶Ƶڮ٣

ͬʱΪ£˴ҲעˣȻҲ˹һЩ쳣Ǽչںӱǻ˴ﻹԸȥƼ

ǲ֮˴ȥΪˣרż̽һء
Щ£˴Ȼ˵̫ףֻ˵֪Ӷĳλģˣ˺ȥ㡣

֮Ի뿴ϵʲô
ǲǻ棬ҼѴˣΪʲôʼֱ˵Ǹ˽ָϲɣҲų˴ʵ

˵㻹
˴￪ʼʣΪƫҪȵԾȺſڣûԾȡ

Ź˴º͵ܾԼΪ֮ǰ£̫նˡ
˴ЦЩԣ

ˡ
˴ｫ£ЩָδãҪһӣҲҪʵˣԵòô⽫Խ

ʲôܱȴЩԵˣΪʣ
ʲôܱȡϲ⡯ŻʹԵĲ˵

Ź˴û׷ϵƭ̡ܹ˵Ļ⡣

˴򽻵ԡ
Ҽû׷ᣬ˴棬ҲʶȤ㡣ҲŻ̶֮˵ʣµĸöô˵ˣ

⻰˼ϰһжˣڹԼģ˵ǿӡ
˱Ȼӭж⡣



ҳһӵˣʵͨһȻľӸ¡
ġ

һĿʼĴôңʵҲϷһ㣬ʲôһܾòʵ
һˣƻȥԵ⣬ʵﲢһֲһ¶һµָо

ΪǾӸ£ܾԼûвȥ
ص⣬ǹ˴

һθоС

⻰Ǵĵ˵ġ
˴ЦѾͷ𡣡

һЦˬʣһЦúߡĶЦЩ棬ʵҲ棬ȴ˼ŻڣҪһ̬֮
ůһǻȥ

ʱѾǺʱˡ
Ȼˣͣˣʪģһζ

ǳһţһš
Ŷǰߣ͹⿿һ㡣

һ·϶û˵
˼ǰݶţŶĨᡣ㿴˹һۣ˵ʲôȴһʱ֪˵ʲô

գס


š
գ㻹һ




67.  Ѹ£ʮţ   ǳԴ׵Ŀǡ

65

Ъ, Ż
ﲻûм

淢˺ܶ¡
һ¾ȥ´ˣɻ, ֻˡ

һ֪, ֪˶ܲ졣

֪ŮӲܽ, ܱȥͲС¡һֻŮӷ´, Żᱻ
Ϊ˾ƽµĻˣ

÷зԡ
˽Ѿú, Ѿ˻ɫرൽĶĶ, ĶĶɾͺ, ӱߡ⡢˵ΨһǼջ˽

˵Ǽˣ˵кü˶ײûھ

Ǳͺ, ʧ棬ƫƫʱ˱һ¡

ԭǹѸ͹¶˱, ǼٵģΪǼ϶ͼı󷿵ļҲ, Ϊ˰ϳǼ, Ż͵ˡ

һʱ, һƬȻ
Ȼƽʱٲ˵ǵ, Ϊ˺ȥǷǵ, ǵһ˵

ǱһΪТ, ޸ɷ, ûþعѵŮӡ

ʱͻȻ𡪡
ʵ˵ǹѸҲǸ֮ˡ걻ΪǼҶ, Ⱥò׳Ϊ˱֮޸˴Сֳ

ˣТڻҪĥƣԼչ׵СӣͷƻĶһӣŻ̼Ҳ

϶治ˣ
һʱ䣬ֹ

ٴγţ·ˣҶʮͬĿ⿴

е㲻ϰߣҲ˲

ףܲӦڵˣô죿

㡣
סŲԶˡ

ʯ

ɫ̫ãŨüһή֮С

󣬵ǴͲݶ˵յ£ʮʯֻȥˣƺʮԸʯȥ

Ҳ޿ɺǣⳣ̬ܺҲǲںɣȻеʧġ

ʱէǳʢƼţʱʮǳʢ֪ʱʲô

˽ģԼС˼һ̫ΪȨƣΪ˷ӭΪһֺԼ

ˣҲͽ¿ü
ƺȥ˷ʯ

ʯסһֱû˵Ҳһֱֱ

ʯͷ磬𣿡
졭

Цŵ첻ǳᣬڻˣʯͷͲҪˡ
ǡǡʯԽʹࡣ

ʯͷ磬
㣬һһֱġ

ͯʱڵͯͯ¡

ΪԼʵһЩΪ
ĳޡ

Ǵ˺ʵһϲģɺܿʵһͷˮ㲻ܸļޡ

Ը񲻻ôûǰ뿪ǼңְеǵϨˡ

֮Ȱ˵װ£ʵ£û뵽ֺ֦ڡ

ʯ룬ǲǸ¸һЩȴܻ뵽ż⡣

ʱֻλ̰壬ԲŻֿºǳԴ׵Ŀǡ

ʵʯҲ˵ˣﻹε˵㣬ʯġ

㲻֮϶ЩѰ
л

㡭

ʯֹƫƫʮʹӣ̾˿ʯͷ磬ҿҪˣʱһҪϲơ

ˣʯһ㶡
Ӳĳ˵ͷʱһ

ҡ㡭ã
¶һЦݣʯͷ磬˰ĥǱ߻¡

ʯͷȻĬĬĿ뿪ֱӰʧ߾ͷļһӿˡ

תߣߵú

ͣ½Ųͷ˿Ѿˡ

̾˿ĬĬϣԺܹúãҪٰ˼˷ڲ˷ѵϡ

*

ȥ˽ӣ˹⡣
ȥ˵Ƴµġ

Դˣʮֲ⣬ҲЩŭ
֮֮飬ŵŴӦ

֮ԻǾ˼ǵġĥһ룬Ĵ㶼ûɣھʹҴҼˣָô죿

һ˷ȥһ£ȥʵع۲죬ؼһͼһÿһϸڶ˼µģ᲻ÿԼѪ֮

Ȼһǣ汾ԣò׷תƽϢʱͻȻֳףǲС

ʱȻﲻ˵˽¿϶²⡣

ǲͺ͹ʲô϶֮Ի£ǲΪҵ

ʱǵϴ壬˵ҲΪιͬԭڡ

ǴƳһģɹⲻͬ⣬ʵ͹˵ûͬꡣ

Ϊڡ
Ҳ˵ֻаʱ䡣

ʱΪиڣԵøæµ

ĥǱߵĹִߣޣٶ뼸ӱ޵ĸɻ

ڼҲٴ棬ǽȥӶġ

ʱ˵һղĶӣһЩͬѰĸܡ

ʱҴңתۼ͵˰£ĥǴ깤

֮ǰѾˣĥҲûͣһֱţɳɶѡ߰㣬ƽ

һֱ깤һգߵʯɳˣѰˮһʱ䣬ϴˢһ飬ͷԳԭΡ

źӵĵط޳һС͵ͷͷһΪĳأʯĵ棬ש߷

ͷһǼĥˡ
ǼĥȻһ£㹲˼С¥Ųһܾ޴ˮ֮ǰǼܼҪһ

Ǿĥţĥһ࣬ǳ˺ͺͯĶԱȣӦ֮ǰַ롣

Ĵˮ¥ߣˮĥǽˮˮԽ󣬸ɻЧҲԽߡ

ĴˮһοԴḥ̂רź͹һˮͨӣĸḥ̂ĥˮҲû¼ӹᣬȻ󱻸ĳ׻

һǼĥȥĥһĹ㣬һԴʮʯʳ

Ҫ֪ǰĥһ㣬Ҳֻܴٽ

֪Ǽĥ깤ǰΧۣ档ͷԼտأŷӣҶʮֺ档

ǰ㽻ȥ˵ʵˣֻⲼþ֪Ǽĥ

ŮӲ򵥣

ͬʱҲ͸˿ڷ磬˵ʵ޵ģΪµطҶȷûȻ£ޣв˻ᶯ˼

޵ģ¾֮٣ҶŹ״̬½˸ͷѾʮ硣

ϰףһʲôĵطҵҪǰֵġ
Ȼס

ղ˴Ӽʨӵģһ̨Ϸ

СطֵĶ٣ÿֵʱ򣬾ǰʮźӵƣԼʮԪƻᡣ

һ飬ǰԷȻٲиǣͷǮ

ϻϵĳϸ׹ʮ٣רϷϷͬ֡Ѿȥüˣɽֵѵܿ֡

ȻСطҲжõϷڸϴ̨ϷĲ̨ӡ

ѡġҵӡǰʮ塣

ʨӵ౬˶ˡһ˵ϻϷԿһӶ˾





68.  Ѹ£ʮ   ھȢ㡭

66

ճԹ, 
һֱʱ룬⳵ʮϻٵŮŮ

ʱϷӱ, Сط, Ҳû˼ƽϢ󣬺ܶ, ˰æóأΪ㿴Ϸ

ȵʱ, ˴żСˡ
һһ, ǺͯƼû, С, ǰռض

еöҸʯͷǶ, Ҳռض

бƻ轵١
Ϸ̨ܵһյյɫĵյͬ硣

һ, 鶼ͷ
ϵٵģеŮ, һ㸾ǲһ, ڲ󷽸ͯһ

е˻˻֮, һ߿Ϸ, һߺ˵

Ϸǻѽѽ, , ȻҲٲ˵˵Ц, Ϊ֡

ԹŶݶˡ
ϷһʮҪźӵƵġ

˵ط, עѾϷ̨ˣϷ̨ѱռֻŽȥѡ

ǰ׼ðİѶͲݶˣԼº˵
㣬򡢴嶼Ϸ

Ϳˡ
һ㶼ԱӣŵģľûôˣټҲϲռվܡ

㿴£Ϸ̨涼ΧˣĿ֮ȫˣ۾ĺڰܿӰ

ҸϷ˵ˣٳһ졣

ǵöӡеӡ˲֪Ӹĥͷ˶ӣûס

гнģߵ˾ʮŸͷˣҲںһݡ㰲ο

У֪Ǹġ

ͷϷʱļǵø˵һϷЩͿʼ⣬мͷǲӵģ˭

ߣĿġ

ʱ£ִ֮Է֯ļУһЩģмȥ̯Ҫ˽Ǯġ
Ҳ࣬ҲǼǮǼһɲ١ټֵطֲҪʲôֻṩطǮǰ׼ӡ

ȻмֵطҪľ
Ըٳɶ࣬˾ͻԽԽ࣬ȴҶϰˣм˾Žˡ

ⲻǵʱؽĥʱһ뷨ôһط̫˷ѣټĴ࣬ռŵ֮㣬ֻҪԺǸĥһԱնнĺö

̳ô̯ӣʵҲû
뵽һоƾϰ

ҲЩֺģ㲢ϲֳ档ټ£ȥæȥ˺ӱߡ

ӱڷźӵƣ˼٣ֻɢܴҸעǷϷͷ

˸طóǰõĺӵơ
ɫĺӵƣ״мǿյġ

ǰõģ̶̵һأֻСĴָϸӻͳӣȼšˣ͵ںӵģٰճȥ

źӵˮԣӵƷŽˮ
źˮƶӵƽƮԶˣƺԸֻθϽ롣

ʲôԸأ
ܿ뵽ˣ˫ֺʮĬš

ʲôԸһϷ

̧ͷһĹ⡣
Բ̣߸ߵҹ֮ϡ
ΪϷ̨Ǳߵ⣬ټʵ

ͼԼһ˫̶ͫŲ⣬ӵĿü۽Ǻͻһ¡

ˡ

ʵԸϣԼ񣬿һ̡񡯾ˣһΪǼ

Ҫٷһ

⸩ȥúӵƣٶʮգ۵Ĺ򣬺ӵѾȼˡ

ССġλƵһ⣬
üĿʶŷʵ⡣

СĽӵƷŽ
һҲԸԸϣߵ˶Կ˳졣

ʲôԸ
㿴һۣôܴ

ҲûڶԸ˵ˣ˺Ҳû˵ʲôܾϿʧ

ߡ
ʵԼõģ֪Ϸ̨ӣöˣ˵

Ŷô˵һ˼ҲΪλܿȥŻơ

ȥĥɣǱƺЩ

ʵ˶٣ӹֺ˾ڱŹⱳߣŲײ

ĥѾˣʹϷ̨ǱӦԿףǲ½ȥ

ɽȥʲô
Ϊ˵

ܾеţͬʱеڴָӵ̬ʱüζûԿ׿ס

Ҳû˵ʲôĬĬصţǿĿâڱ

ſˣ˽ȥְ˨ϡ
ܺڣ㴵ȼ

Ҫȥƽʱʵĵط

ͷ

ĥˣ㿴ʵĵطŲ˶¥Ȼ󣬵㲻ǰǵַʡ
һдߵǰ֮򿪡

ǲˣܿ⡣
ʵҲõƣȴ򿪺ɫӳźˮԵģ㹻˿ܴµ

ɫһ£һͱ˴ס
㡭

û˵ĻᣬɽѣΡ

רעҲ̰ƺҪЩӵ˼йرϢ˭ᴭžӣܴϷĴ

⡭Щѵ
¡ţûͣ¡

ʲô
һԼ֮ڻ¡

Ҫǰȥף
⡭飬ȴִŵ㲻ԾĽ

Ҳ˵ˣӲ֪ʱͱ˿¹к··˲⡣

ͫڲԵĻ谵УܵѪ˿ᴭ䣬㲻۾ֻһ񣬾ͱ޾˹˽ȥ

ҹˮԶӵм仹ʱԣʱݡ

ʱ쵽ΪԼʱַ·о

Ȼͣˣɴأб

һҲôڴϣ㲻ûµģȻʲô

Ҳ֪ǹУֺ̫̣һС飬ȫš

ֹȥ˶ã˻Ѿˣţְҵá

ڿϷŹԼˣͻȻֽסúܽ
ھȢ㡣

ЩΣԼ˹⣬ǰǸӣΪ˴ŷ˽ȫ

ǻͷ̸ۼޣʱҲ˲ٴ棬ʱ˵ĻᶼûУһ򵽻ᣬͲŹᱡԼ

ܶܲΪʱ˶û˵ϻͻöȥի

ϵòȻ˵Ҫ£ʵΪˡ

һأѳֲ㣬ѹ鰸ϣ£֪зִģû뵽ˣû׽С

ǻغûȥ˽ӣöλûӱ߶˵Ҳˣ

ᣬѪա
㾭£оһֹĿ̬

Ҫǰ£
¡
ǰ£Ǹʣһ£ʱĹ

ҪǰһҲɡ

Цˡ
⣬ôŷǺͯԡ

죬Ҳ˵Ҳûɿ֡

һۣɫ࣬ŵһЦһЦЦˣͷ촽ҧһڡ

СİҧˣȻôȥˡ
ŤŤģзִ硣

ҪǳȥɣµȻҡ
һۣεصͷ

ߣڼʵʱδã





69.  Ѹ£ʮһ   ͦϲġ

67

ͣסŲ
˵ҵ, ֮ǰ˵£Ҷˣǩ߰ɡ

ֻת˷
ѵƵȼ, ӻͳֽ

ӹ, дؽǼĥǮ, ҹռһȨ, дĺ, Ҳĥؽǻӡ

ôôд

ȻôдԵ޹, ҵĴǾѶ, ʱ϶ҪƤȻҪ׼ʱ߶, Ǳӹܣڣܵʱ˭, ۶ʧȥȨĥұסٽ

ô˵Ҳ, ô, ûг, ⲻǱˣ
ΨһĽ;ûˡ

ͨ, ҲֽԸ, дԼĴ, ӡ
滹ӡ, ԼǶġ
һڣպȥ˵¡

ⶫŰɣ㶼š
Ҳû, īˣսˡ

ߡ
ɺ֣źӵƵƺЩȥϵ⣬ƻãʮ
һ·Źߡ

ĺڰУһֱ֡
ۼȺˣûתͷȥײ۾

Сҵùȥˡ
˵Ϸӻһ죿

š
ҲУ

е㲻ˣƿĿ⣬һ
㡣

ʱ֨ˣǴһ֣Σֻһ
ЩԸƳʡ

УûУˡ˵꣬˦ˡ
һֱĿӰߵйĵطת뿪

*

Ϸ˻ȥ󶼻ζá
˵컹Ҫٳһ죬ڴ顣

͸ˣ˵ȥҪЩټ˵мĿǰӣǵڶһżĶˡ

ģġʲ˵ģҰҰѼģеЩԼЬӣȻҲٲһЩ߼ҴĻɣǰ

ֵóϣм鶼ˡ
ͷǰͣСҲҿз⴦ͷǰսǵһʺͣҲڵס˺ӵ

һƬٵľ
Σæؼһͷ˲ǾȻһˡ
ҲǺܶ˶磬ϰεʱ򶼶ˣͷֲһҲʲô

ˣܶ˶ܻ˼ңҲбʳģ̯Ƶˡ
Уõľһ⽵ġ

Ҳ죬ǹ˴

м̯ʳģһˣмűһСǰҲŽմŵӣΨһһҿŵġ

Ҳ󣬵Ϊӵһο֡
ֿſţȻҪչ⣬˹˴Ҳ˵ˣطǽģͽ졣

ʵǰ˴õģŲײ˴ֲ㻹רæһ⽣һ֣ǰСﲻ
Ǹȥͷģǳ̫ãŻȥЧµġ

ѰĿࡣ
ô̯ˣ

̯ôˣ

˴Ƴһۣһ߽Ǵ򿪣õĹҨŹע룬׵ϡлϺ׷ţɢ
ûԷŵζָͲסˡ

Ķӹ֣Ҳ
ȷʵû緹Ҳ˼ﲻڣھӴ˵мˣѰ˹

ûһȵŰɡ˴

ʱżŵһߵͰְΧȹͭͳŽ¯ԵһС¨

Ҳڣ
ЦӯӯؿһۣҸæ

Ҳ˲ö˵ΪѾˣ̶ߣǱ߻ŵ⽡תͷ˴Ѿһ룬˸š

㣬Ҳһ룬æһ磬ȳ˵档

˴˵ЦǱ߿һۣټȷʵҲֻôһſˣҲûܾڶ¡

ģʲôʱ˵ģô֪ʵ߳⽵ڻ
ǰ˵ˣû˵

ʵ£ǰھʱÿʲô䣬ͻʮ֣ʱȻҲٲ˸ʳ̯ӡʱһѣòһؼо֣һֱա

Ž˶࣬϶ǮֲҲûкʵˣⲻ뵽˴ˡ
ͱԵ˼ĥʱ˭֪˴ʮָȤΪ죬һֻģ֮ǰĥʱЩʣµġ

ĬĬﵹǸвסӡ
Ҳ죬Ӧò۵ġ

˭˵ֻ죬ʡҲۣҴ̯һֱȥͻȻ˴

˵һҪлл㣬Ҫӣһ벻ͷ˴򣬶Զӵ㣬˳úҲƣطҵģƶõλá

һ˵ţĴ˿
λȷʵȡʮ֮ۡǰмûʱطǰˣһ̯һط׼ҰڡʳĶǼڸ̯֮䣬Ψ׿Ȼ

˴˵ʱһԼ϶ˣȻٲϵˡҲûзϣֻǹ˴ʶ

Ψеǣ˴￴ǸͰˣƽʱټĸŮ࿴ͷһ⡣뵽ǼĥĶңط˼ҵģҲٶ롣

ô˵Ҳպáóԡ㱻е㲻ڣæ

˴Ǻ˶һۣղЦЦúúãҲ˵ˡ˵̯ҪһֱڣǴĵ׶Ļһ⻹ʡ׬ӾǺ£Ҫ³Ҫ㡣

³²ġ

֪Ҳܲס㣬͵ǸԼܹײıУڻܶЩﲻţ˵㻹ҪȢϱѵŵĲϱðƸ񣿡

˵ϱʱ˴ֿһۣɰֵģæͷסϵĺΡ

еεؿ˿˴Ҳû˵
˴æ˵ӣֿţ߿ˡ

ߺ󣬹һͦϲġ
С˺á

ֳʵ˾ִ٣պֳԺˣվʰ롣
˭֪⵹ˣһֻһסһߣ㳶£û⽫ùֵɡ

˵һ㶼ʱ¶˶ʿںܴҲ벻⣬æˡ
ռãպһֿȥʰǱߣˡ

˴Т˳˵

ʵԷͦģ룬ȥһֱùЩʳ˼̻𣬱Ͼ׻˵Զҳû뵽ֻúȻ
һͲûġ

ҶһТ˳˴
Ժиˡ

ߺţһͷװæʵں͹С˵

˵Ҫ̯û
룬Ҳ֪뵽ʲô΢Щ̾вסȻɡ

̬ССزһ¡
ΪĶӦúִܹ߲ŶԣɿܻŸɻԱʱʱƮĿ⣬ֶĹ˲١




70.  Ѹ£ʮ   ˮá

68

˵, ̯һֱȥ
ǰҲţöԿԺչ⡣
ζȻû˵, Ǵˣ

˴֪һֱ, ϶ʲô¡
ˣǶһ, Ȼˣ綨ռ˵ط, ˵Ժ϶, ͷǸв, Ĵֶ, ʲôҲ㣬ϻиôĥ

Աŵ˲ɹɴ, ͷһݰɣҿԺ϶ˡ

˴ǫⲻǰѰͷǵط, ǰ˭Ҳ֪˲УסǶ˿Ƿ, Ѽ﷿ӵǽһ, լͳ, ԼʲôСǮ, ⵹Ҳ˲, ǵط, Ｗȥ

⻰ƽ, ȴΧüĿ¶˼
ʵҲ֪˲٣̯ǵһӵġȻ˴ֻ˵ǽ, ûǹѸڱȻ̽һ̽ͷ

ͱмϹһЩˣ˭֪ģ
˵˶⣬Ķ˶Ķͽʱ˺ͣôֳôĶ˭Ƕš

Ҳ֪ǮЩʵ
˴æ֣㰡ӣ

ôͷļԽԽ࣬ڿֵġ
̯ӵ⣬ܿ˿ÿ⽫һſڵԶһյأʾȥ˵Щ˹ȥˡ

ʣ£Ҳû߾һԡ
ʱͲͬˣϹû˲ʶ򣬽沢ңʲôģһʣĶûС

㣬Ҳηֳ棬һ󷽣˶ĹۣȻǺ󻰡

˴ǼӣҲĥˣ˵Ҫӡ
¶Ҫд飬Ҳûбīֽ⣬ҿϵ˴ϤȥĥһʹŶˡ

Ǹˣ졣ӣдСдļǮССļǮ
Ҳּ뱨ۣҲڿ˻ͬ޼ۣͷһ˶ºҪ˵Ϊ廹רŴȥӡ

ĸ˶ˣм˵Ҫȥеû˵һɢ˴Ҵ뿪Ҳġ

ҲЩٵʱ򣬴ҴĶˡ
ʱֵʳ̯ˣЩ˲Ще̯Ķʳ̯ӭһ⡣

˴֮ǰ׼ûˣҲҿȼ֮ͷԾðȥҲݶ
ǱͺãֶĽǲݶæ

磬Ϸʼˡ
ֳ̯˿Ϸˣʳ̯С죬ʲô⡢ӡˡۣ̯ûϹһֱϹ˷㣬Ъһˡ

۵Ǹæһ졣˴
ô˵ǻöءһû뿪Ӷǳ⽡

ô˵һĥ棬ڶģһ㣬ǰæӡ

⻰ôҶЦ

Ҳûʲôˣ˸Ǵˡ
ȱߣ㷽Ų˵Աۣԣ͵ˡжҲ˲æ˳ԡ

⻰˵һȡ⻰Ƿæ͵ʱĸ˵һ죬ô˴ˣ
˴޲װǮС¨ץһͭǮӣһѡ

㡢ݶŶ͹һȥ졣ûȥˣ˵°˴æ

ͲЩˣŲţǺ«ҲҪۣ뿴Ϸӣ˸ˣŶˣݶ˹ȥ

ͷ˼⣬Ρ
νӣķص࣬һһۣ̯˵Ȼ룬Ŷˡ

һǰһȥ˺ӱߡ
ʱûʲôˣְ죬Ǹõط

ºûͣһ߳һ߲һˣĻʲô죬Сһһ֮Ļϵ⣬⻹ǵһμȽֿɰԾͽˡ

ЩǰҲûģΪξ;ڵıȽ㣿ͻȻһ߿żžĺ棬һɢ̬֮

ˡ˵ѧǩҧһ⣬׽š
ҽҲۣǶˣ

ǾǶˡ

ҲûֻǾؿź棬Ҳ˵
˳Ŀ⿴ȥʲôҲûУֻкڰˮͷ£һɾװ

þûˡ

ȫɵĸоȻЩۣǺܰԴԺÿæµжȹʹż£Ҳû¡

״ֻ̬һ͹ͤ׺ǰڹˣѰĻӣһؿţһߵ»˵

뵽㲻ͷ˹һۡ
¹£ĶͷͦıͲ촽һϤζıǼ⣬ᣬ¶һЦݣֿ档

Ȼ֪Ϊιǲܶʱ񣬿Ī͸о
ƺϳһƶг

һ紵
⶯һ£ˣС

վ
Ϊﰵˤӣס֣һͬԶĹȥ

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޵ú˳Ȼֻ޳һ룬Ҫࡣ
ΪûϷΪͻȻͼˣһЩ̯

̯ӡ
Ķڲǰأ฽ĴǮأһĵҲ

ɱͷܶĳ棬ڿ˵Ǻˡ
òٹˣǳˣҲЩ˾ӵĲЩԼǲ̫嶯ˡ

￪ʼЩԷﴫ˵ӱǿطˮã˵ǰʱǷصأңǨһͷȥ˹ͷ

˵˭˭ҾͻᵹùǼڵԼǴ󳣵Ӣţػġ

ɴˣƵϵүүͷˣ˵زƬһĵأźӱߣ˭һҪӱߵĵذΪϵүү굽ǮˣһĵضҪ˵˴㣬ŪԼ¡

Ϊ̰ƣ硣
ϵүүҲȷʵǿ磬ǸС̣Ϊͷ޶˹¶ĸҲҲزס˸Ϸˣֻ¼ĶԺڵıûҪһĵء

ٺϵ׵˺ǼҵļҾһЩ⻰Ͳϸ

󣬺ЩЦԷǡ
ǼĥҲ˲ͷˣǰûҥԣôڷ˵ˮˣ

ʵѽ⣬ǰǼ˵͵Ϊؽĥ¶˲ƣټΪϷϷֱҲֻǼҵϵԼһЩУһѸƾʲôַͷ

Ȼ϶ٲʲô˰ʹ

᲻϶²
ҡҡͷҲһˣϵķˮ˵£ðȥͷ

Ҳɵôһ㲦Ҳˣðȥᡣ

գػ
˵»ͷйء

֮ǰ˵סЩģΪƬķ־ɣͳ˸Լ֮ĵط

ٺ֪ԽԽ࣬ۼҲԽԽ࣬ٽֵסѷӵǽһ𣬻ͳӣҶС⣬ҲԽԽԣˡ

һطγȻͻ
һطģ׬Ǯû׬ⲻ˻ۺ죬ȻռҼǰλã㵲һؼҵ·֮ʱͦҵģмҾסְѸ˼ҵķ¡

һ𣬾ǵطҵط͵øӡ
Ϳôһ֣Ǽ˼ڼܵǮȻƬסҲˮǴߣӹɵġ

ӱͻȻ˸мطֿŪôųͷܶĳ棬Ҷ˵ܲ

˾͵취㲻ô˵ǣ⼸˼Ҳǵģܵ˺Ǿֻġ

ʵҲǼ˼ңֵҲż˵˾Ϊط⣬ǵӲֵǮ˶ˣ׬ƨǮ
һˮõҥԣôԽԽˡ




71.  Ѹ£ʮ   辶

69

, ǡ
ֻ뵽طʺϣû硣

˵¸ô죿ЩҲΪǮĳҥҴ, ҪǱ٣

٣
ҡҡͷ

һ, ˺϶У˵Ҳû˵, ҳ˭ҥôˡʹҳҲöԷ, Ͼе, ˼Ҳôһ˵, ʱôѡ

жҲͶ, 㲻֣Ҳ֡
˵, ҲʶⷨӲУֵ˵Ǻã

ɡ

վ˳ȥ
˵ʲô, һѡ

㣬

߳ĥ
վĥʯ̨, ԺмǱߵĶʱѾӽ, Ҳ̫, , мѾûʲô, ΨмũƺǶû, ڼء

, ȥӡ
ѾŲȥˣ˸, ɫĵ׶дټһ֡

ǹдġ

⻹ǰһţšȥֱǹͰ壬汻һɫľΧұ߱ˣһ

ȸСȴģģǽϻ˼ֻǹƽʱбʣӵĲöŵġ

ʱֻˣһһ˴ߦƤΧϰ׺һƬ

ˡ

λøպþڽŴһͱ˴￴ˡ

ôߦƤˣ
ⲻûˣһЩûȥԼԡ

˴Ķһߦʹ÷ͬʱߦƤֱֿƣÿ㿴̾

ɡ

ᳵ·ȥϴ֣϶˸룬ڶ
صмڶձľڶڶ״нⶼˣټһԼϵȡ

⽽ľǸ֣ڶҪЩҪý֭ʹˮȥȣ˰ͷǲеġ
ⶼǹ˴ｲģ֮ԺóԣҲЩϸڡ

⽣ٶȲ˴Ҳһڰϵֹճ˴￴˿ƺ쳣Ҳû˵ʲô

ڼ⽣ƺǸ˵˴һ֣˻ڡ
˴ЦӯӯغͶԷ˵лһ⽾ͳˡ

ʵ˲٣۲£мϵӣ̵ֻõģ絽ȱˣ˴δʱ͹ˡ
һ㵽ʱмҲûˣ˷ϵҲԡ

￪ӻб׶˵ģϵԵˣϼ˸Щ

˳˴뿪űⵣӣģʹǸĴ
˵ϰҵ⽾ζãҽֵ޻ҪһڣһˣȽ

ôǼҪæ˴ʵ
ϵҪׯڣйϼæɡ

˴ͷҲǣʳҪ˰ӣһҪգǵп˿һ

ȻȻ

ԻϾҪˡ
һÿׯڵʱҲǸũæµʱ

ǼҲеأΪĥû㣬͵ˣ˼Ҳ٣ԼӪġ

˴ԵĽ˰ӣÿճɺֵصũ˸͢˰ʳΪ֡Ǽҵĵǵȥ˰ֵصĵ軧ǲܵġ

ÿε˰ӵʱ򣬶ÿضҪ£̫࣬˰ӵ̫٣һ춼ֲԼֻܵڶʱ˵Ҳͦġ

㣬ôˣ˴ͻȻʵ

ѹŷԼȻ񣬸˴˵Ĵ뿪ˣʣˡ

ˡȻЦЦ
ǲʲô£

㱾˵ɹ˴ĿⵣǣҲûͰ˴ҥ¸˵ˡ

꣬˴˼ֵ˵ЩɥģֱӵĻҲҴ˼в˵£ڵĵľ£

Ҳڣ¶ӦӦˣ϶ЩӰ죬ֻҪܼۼͲHֶΡ

ϾصǼˣˮûҲǼˣҲûʲôϵ
ҥԶͶڣм𲽽׶ΣǶԵûγɹԣҥԴһӦͲԸ⴦ʧһγֻԽԽ

дԵģԽͻԽԽ࣬ԽپͻԽ١
ӣԸˡ

˵ɣôܿס˵ȡ
˼֮䣬⿴ȥÿǸ⽵ͣһ̯ǰƺڸ˵ʲôžͼ˵ͭǮȥһЩˡ

˰
뵽֮ǰ˵˷ڻ˻ȥ˳شˣ뵽ǰԼϽõֻһֻͨһ˳üǼ˳

ʵҲҪ룬⻹ЩƵģҲ֪עûͬĲˣҪͷһЩһģһĶǱҪһĲȣҾӦǸⲻǮйء

ͬĶǱ̯߰ҪǮǮȻˣⲻëϣǺܶûȽϳˣ˲١ңҸĸˣϸ㣬ôܰ׳Կ

˴˵ĿԴ٩ֲʧȤζҲΪзƣԭڡ

뵽ˡͻȻ
ʲôӣ˴ûôͻȻ¡

ⷨһʱ˵ףټ¼Ű죬ֻ´˵ʹҴææˡ

⺢ӣӵЩ񣬷ġ
˴￴ȥıӰҡͷЦЦ

*

˴û뵽ķ辶Ե˵мҲˣҲֻһ䡣

æһڶҲöġ
Щӵ⽣˴ҲһĹɣҪʱʱڶ

ϵȣϼĴһ㲻ƽʲôڲڣƽʱԵĺö٣Ǯ⽣ѾǺˡ
ƽĿͨ˵ζãƤڶ࣬ͷҲá

ϵһ㼫ٻô˵ֻͨ˿ζŻʾһ»Ŀڶ
طûγӵĿԴӶ࣬ϼռ㣬˴Ȼʱʱڶ¡

ڵǹ̶ģڶΪżֺڶ㣬ڶ⽾ͻûСټʵ̫£˴ľܲҸƷ

Ҳڶǲ
˴ǰûпǶڶģֻֻһңͷ»ã˳͹ȥˣ̰ھ͹⣬ܶʱѡΪϵʳģм

뵽˴һ⽵Ŀк
ҿЩҳȥ㶫ϾͻءϵˣҲʶʲô£Ǯϻþͳɡ

Ϊӣ˴ߵúܿ죬˵ط̯ǰΧ˺ܶˣʶˣ͸Էߵȱ˵
ôôһȦˣ

˴ⲢûԵɣ˵ĸסһ˶ͽﴦ򱱣Զˡ

⿪㲻֪ǸһģȲܼҶÿҪһءҲûʲô£ҪⲻˡҲ˵ģ˵ҵĶĺãҪҪϣϸ塢ûò

˴Ҳûȥܿǰ뿪ˣ¶ķ϶ˡ
˲Ǳˣ

ش㣬ô𶹸ˣ
æͷת̧ͷ˹æ֣˵æϸ˵




72.  Ѹ£ʮģ   ң

70

뵽ķ˵, ʵҲӣһбûеƣԼм
мǮ, ۱һ, ʱĥˣǮټ

⽵
Ϊ˼⽱û, Ըԣһһص·ճ̯, ˳һЩȥ

һ, ܲ, ˶ء

뵽ıǶ
, Ϊڸ˵ȥ򶹸ȥ, ֻʣһ߽ǡֱԹⶹĲãĥòϸ̫, ġ

ףʮ, Ϊղ, ҶǳƺܼҶ
ʵⶫ, һպõĸ˶, ͿĺûˡеĶζ, ±ˮζ̫, ±ˮ˲, ѹ˶̫ۣһɢѹ˶̫, ܶ˲Ըԡ

˵˾Ƕ̫ʱһһԲ˶٣ⶫ˲У˳Բᡣ
Ҳ˼˻ԸԼ֣ԸȥĺûҲ˵˵ΪϾôһʹԹǻȥġ

ǣеĲ˶ƽʱĥм򣬽Ϊ鶹Ϊ˵Զȥ˳ѽҪԵĲ˶ˡ

ʱ󣬲ݶ˵һ䣬ôûȥӱ˵˳㣬´λǵõģ˻ԺҪ򶹸òݶȥȥӱߡм⣬ﲻ˵ʵ˶֪Ϊ·

˲˵䣬·ˡ
ĥ˴죬ڶһ绹ȥ̯ƣ͸¡

ʵҲǸˣ˵⻰е㳤ˣ¾ɷͶӳʱʯͷˣСӲˣ˳ûиңֻͷ
ԭǴи֮أϻԵɺ˻ҲΪūǼһô꣬ǼҼҲûˣǵԴġ

;ˡ
˵ǰڼⶫһ㣬мҴһӣΪڴǳ

Щ뵽ǰȥͷҲԶˣûѹʲôģЩˡ
˵ܼҶΪβãΪĥ̲Уĥôḥ̂ĥĶӲϸĥòϸ˶ʱ᲻ãĶڸоͲС

ʵǲܼҶ֪ôܰѶãһޣõĥж
Ƕ˵̫ϸ٣ζҲԾôŪţ

Ǽĥĥֳɵģûôĥ̡ôƣ˵

ѼĶóϣΪ̫٣ֳȥЩǶδˣһû̫࣬˵

ˣȥĥţֳɵģֱĹɣоҪõϸ޲ѹõľ塣
ЩҲ򵥣ȥǡ

ŸͺȥĥˣӽģҲ˵лĹһͰˮ֭ĥˡ
ֿ죬ĥҲϸ˺⡣

ˮ׻˵һﶹˮˮıҲҪã󿪺ǵ㶹Щᳵ·ѹʱΪרŽͰæ
Ŷʱ߳˵ͮͮģѬġ

һúһ˵Щ֭Ȼ˶֭㳢ⶫ˱ȶ˶ˣ鷳ǰǼʱ˳롣

Ъ˻ȥ֭ˡ
ʱ˸

ֻɫĴִ룬ǰװ׵Ķ֭ɢŨĶ֭ŶӵζʱζȥֻʣŨ㡣

㳢òٸŵǡҸղųˣҲúȡ

˹һڣڳ㡣
˵ǰʲôʼûֱִ֮ﻹûԹһ磬ΪޣûûԹֶ

ʱζ治
ͣ緹ûôԣȻǰˣҲ̫ûθڣ붹֭һӾ;ˡ

ڼ䣬ŵζҲˣ˵ﻹкܶࡣһСĶ֭ȴһ

ⶹԺҸⶹҲ򵥣Ǳȶ֭һʱ̿ڶС

ⲻл֮ȥʣȥмˣҲˡ
ƿѹľ壬ҿİײ۵Ķ¶ˡ

ӹ˳ڱ߽һһڣһ鶹һ˳峢

Ա߻ŷŰܵĲܼҶֶ˳

¶һЦݣǰզû뵽磬ĥֳɵģ˿ЩӾĥˣ󡢵㡢ѹⶼ£ǲܼҶ̯Ųۣȴû׬ǮǰǺͿˡ

ǺͿһҶĿûǴ롣
ֻ澳ʱ򣬲Ż˼䡣ͻȻ뵽ܾǰ˵һ仰

ʱûôϣʱʱãȴûȥıʲôҲû뵽ʱѾе¶ˣŻߵһ᲻֪¡

ͻȻЩˣ
ͻĴǿңҲûƣѰ˸Сװһֿ֭鶹ˣҴˡ

Ǹģ˵ôඹҲԲˣóȥ

²ᣬȥ˽ӣͷĵģֻϡͯǵı
˽иСͽСľ˽ӵճɨһˣӭʲôҲû˵ȥ˹ի

Ѿ֮ܰˣСľΪβΪζ¿ǹ⽻ʲô

ʱˣ˳ְŹϡ
㵹ǲܻ䣬Ҳ˵л

ָڴ˴ӣѧã˽ûˡ
Сľˣ

⡪ܣˣôп

ô˵ΪڣרźСľ˵ģ˵δŵӣͶµģֻʺ϶˵ĵҶһֻ۱һֻۣװʲôҲ֪Ҳֻհǰ˺żΪ˱֡

һ⣬Ҳе£ԼǴ˶ġ
˶֭жŸһЩùˡ

ζؿĥϣԶ͵ˡ
ʱҲʶԼҵĽеţ̶ȣֻתŴöڡ

룬˳
û˵꣬˾ͱ˹ȥ

ʲôʱȥ鰸ģ㶼֪عڹϣһɶģֻ΢΢Щ۾Ͳȹµ֣¶ĵòȻ
һµ⣬һʹͷȴ°۵޿κΡ

ң

һڣ˵ʲôȴһʱˣβűһ䣺ԼԹϱˣͶ֭ȵġ

Խ˵Խֱ׳ȺȣǶǵûȥ˵꣬ˣûס

ʧЦ£˿ϵӣ߹ȥ򿪡

󣬹߳ȥѧó



˻ʩ
΢Щ죬˵Ӧѧ

˾ӣµһЩԼĶһЩûȥɩӼӵˡ

ôã˵ô˵ҲûܾһúҶŵĶ
Ǿллˡ

΢΢ͷȻ˹ȥ
ߺĶԶȥıӰ

㣿
Ĭźҡҡͷ¶һЦݡ

뵽ԣ뵽ԣǾͲö֪ˡ֮ˣʲô˵ʲô˵

Сľͣ½Ųӵ˹ȥ
ⶹȥӲˣӷŻիǡ

СľӹӣЩлллл

鶹Ϊˡ졯ͳȥ˹һ鶼ûã˴Ȼ֪Ǽ¡




73.  Ѹ£ʮ壩   ˼̣ˡ

71

˴Ավ˻, ûͣЪ
һ˽һ˵ģľϵĶûˣæ˵һ

, ĻС

˵, ı嶹ˣæһ鶹, Ųλá
У, û׼, ˡЦŵ

򶹸Щȥ, ҶͲܼҶһ, ζһٸ

νһ, ʵôſһ˵տʼû飬廹˸˳, ææң˽ӻ, , ˵ѧѧˡ
Ҳȷʵ, ܼʱҲûһ, һһ, Խ㹻Ҳѧ, ĸ߰һ, гһĵȷݣʣµľͰ

˵ͦõģھһ֧̯æ

, ˵ĥǱ߻£˴￴һæ̲סȥ֡
װǮ

æһ˲й˵
Ұæˣ˿ţ⡣

ôһ˵˴ûˣæŶҴˡҪǮûҪԼõæˣȥ

һֱ쵽磬
˴⽣һ߳ţһ˵

ôͻȻ𶹸ˣǼô죿

Ͱȥ˵һ£ֵʵѧҲֻܹܷǰ㵣ĶͷԲáһҲˣڼ˶æҲû˿һһȥ·ϵʱ䲻˵Ҳ³ʲô⣬˽ԣɢѧٻء

˴ͷҲ˵ѧĻʳҹ⣬ҲûոҲѧˡ

˵л˵ϵ¡

˵ҾⷨӲۿɼ˶ˣ򶹸˳Щ˻ȥ˵Դû˵˴

ɲǣֵͬˣ̯ϾжˣˣϱϺŮ֧̯ҸͶԡ

*

Ǹˡ
Ů֦ǱȵĴ󷽶ˣкǮʲôĶһס

űи̯ⶹȻ
ǷľͰģľźü޲ڱ¡ˣƿľǣƽһףһ׾һ룬ΡΡ۵Ķˮ߷̵±֭̿ڶɣһ㶼ǳڵģ͸ӷˡ

æˣ֦ȥ˵
ӣû뵽ⶹô˲ˡ֦С˵ģ˷ܵģôûֹôǮ

Ҷ̰ʣǰãͷͻƽָŸܼױҲ㹻ˡ

˵ҲͦģĥҲĥ﹤ʵҲԣؼǼивҩȻҲܲǮ

֦ҲʮˣȥͶףɼһֱòױ˵ҲǱһˡ

˵ţ򶹸ˣæǰк
֦һæҲ˲úߣǰæ

ڼ䣬߸װ߸֦˵㻹֧̯֭ӣⶹ֭Ǯǰ͵ġҪæǽҲ͸װ֭ĹҲóߣʡϴĹ򣬵ʱ򡭡

򶹸ˣͶ֭ǼĥĶϲˣ
һæ޵Ӵ˵ʲôأ

Ҳʶ⻰˵е˼֪ǼĥĶǸˣǸѸô˵ָű˵˳
æֵ죬˵ˣҵ˼Ƕҵļǲʲôϲ£ȻôͶ

ҲûټƽϣЦŵǵûУֻ˵мܽ벻һİæҶһϵģף͵ǳлλ׶ǼĥЩ֧֡
ԭ

Ŷ˲٣ֵȻ֪ˣͱûˣʱһûˡ
֪š

²ᣬͨڶഫ˶֪ˡ
е˲ţе˰Űɡ

ⶹ֭ȷʵʲôܲס鷳͸һ̫ʱͨר̯һ㶼֭ĵټ
ҲΣͣûʲôܰ͵ģֲǼеǮò꣬ǹѸʲô

ɲβ²⣬ڶ컹ȥˡ
Щ˼ҺͺͯЩ͵Ϻ٣ҪһЩżβ׵ĸˣһ㶼磬ȥУʵĲ˿򣬷ҪһˣǾȥ¡

ȥһȻ顣
Ƕ̯ӱϣ֧˸С̯ӣһټĴľͰͰǰ˿ӣдš֭ͣһ룬һǮһ롯

Щǲʶֵģ̯ǰΧ˲ˣͶΧ˹ȥ
ұ𼷣˶УǶΪ˸лллҵġһֻһ룬𼷣зݡ

ҲˣΪ˸æ
ִָʢ֭ǰ֪ܶ˶룬еûģǰͲҪǮתͷܻؼȥˡ

ŨĶ֭ðĺһڣ˶ůˣܲҪǮĶɿڡõ֭ˣһߺţԱֱģŶ֭ҪǮڰ׼ģԾ㻨һƺҲ㻨Ǯ

һʳǸ˼ˣڱʳģĶڲ˻λðɣ˭Ҳɵû˺궹֭˳ƾڿ̯ϵĲˣû˻Ѻõطó

һ죬м
Ǽĥ󷽣֭ɿڣҲ󷽣Ǻͯ껹ȵģ˼Ҷں˳ٸװϰ롣

˼̣˼ҵ˼׳ʱҪ㶫ʾ㲻Ϊ˰׳˶ġ
˵̬ˣռ˱ˣΪҲ飬Ҷͷʲô棬ĶأοĶͷˡ

ǣڶ˸ģǼĥĶͷб˵Ҳøˡ

*

Ѿʱˡ
ƽʱǲֵʱ򣬿ɽȴûˡ

Žֱ̯̯߰ʱʱŲǰƺɻ˶ȥĶˡ
ǰϵ˱˲٣ֻǵʱȵ죬ۿɼһ룬˵ˡ

˶ȥĶˣѵԷˣ
׻˵ʳסУʳӦðͷһλϾ˲ܹʳȴҪ׻˵ǧ飬ԣֻҪԳϹϵôǮ

ҲµӣоͲûˣأ
ʵ˳ȥˣ˵ϵ˶ȥǼĥˣǼĥָĲĥָǼĥǶм

˴Űɣ˵ΪǼĥͶ֭Ƕȥˣ˳ο˵ҲһգһֱͣȲ˾ͻˡ
ô˭˰

׻ЩҲͰգǲˣ㡢ԼʵˣЩܷţһڶͲˣ͵ý
һۣľԼ

˵ģЩӵγʵģŰգϾˣһ;ֻûȥιһЩĴˣܶ඼ǲ˷ӣǴյĲˣĶԼǮ

סģҲЩˡ

Щһ˵̯Ŷӵ
ȥҰ㿴šԱһ˵

˷ɸɵЦǲˣͻȻﻹ£ʱû˿϶ûɶˣЩ˲ûȥԼˣһ

һ˵ţһ߶Ľ̯ˣˣǸЩӦ

ɶأԱͻȻ
ָָ

˰ɣⶫ治̯ǰ¸ǮҲԵˣʣµȰѶ˵Ǳ߲ǮҲȥ
˵̯꣬Ҳˡ

̯һţԼһҲˡ

²٣ۿɼͻȻ̯˶ˡ
һֱмϣΪ˹۲춯ȻһҲΪ˸ĥæֱߵز㡣

ʱˣһͬĻϺ֦塢ĸǰæεӵﶼȥϵľĥš
ϺģҲͷ̫ۼϻʢ

֦ҲûЪһСľйˡ
㣬ǽ֭Ǯ




74.  Ѹ£ʮ   Ҳġ

72

ǵ, 첻٣֭Ǯġ
˼ƽǲǰͣҲ˻Ǵ, Ǻһ벻, ȴ`˰ҪҲһǮͨǮĶЩ, һ룬ҲҪǮ, ȻҲ˲һǮ

ȻҲٲЩ̯, ˮǺ, ôҪˮ, 䵽ˮһ, һ硣
ЩǰģֻΪ磬Ҫƽϵʧ

˼ƽ, Ǯû, Сľ֭Ǯˡ
ʮġ, Щ۵ģ

ɶ
Ȼͳȥӡ

⼸ͳȥٶ֭, ɶ, ǮǶ, ͳȥǿ˶١

뿪, ϧˡ, Ǯӱϣȥ˷

óһ̣һ, һ߼ˡ
Ϊ˸̯ÿ춼ˣҲΪ

ӣ㿴ӻٶģȴ˶࣬ӵǮҲ˶֭ڣҲ˵֭ʮҲüϡ˵ǲ۱ģȻ㡢ǵĹǮҲϣϾǶ˲ٻø㹤Ǯ

һ㶣ҾǰæɻʲôǮҲҪǮɣҾˡ

Щͬô㹤Ǯڼÿ»ҪһЩǮԼţȻﶼˣ߲ܲϾⶹġ

ݶÿ¶ǮǼҵĹء
˵ݶǼңǼͳһҲǻԵɺǼҵģﻹˣݶôؼңżݶҲݶҪǮ

˵ţ˸Ǯϻӡ
㣬Ǯ

壬˵ǮȻǵáǮϻ˻ȥ
ɡⶹȴشģⶹӣǮǮǲҪ

⵹ҲǸ⡣
룬ɣĹǮ㵥һݣӵǮԺӵǮֿ㣬ʣµԼŰɡ

㡭
ˣ壬ⶼʹõģ̳겡ŻóҩǼǰйˣ֪ҩжǮԺ֦ޣȢϱҪˣ֪ҵԸ񣬾ǲġ

ȻЩ´Ҷ֪ó˵廹Ǻܸж룬ղ˵ҪҸĹǮ¾ˣ⹤ǮǿһҪ

ͷаɡ
ߺվ˱źãֶ˵㿴һ㶹׬Ǯģ׬ӣм⡣Ƕ֭ģѵͳȥĶ࣬˼Ǯ

ǵҲǣһ֭һ춹֭
ôҲͻˣʵǲֻͶӣټҲû˸ôϸʣţǼ⡣

һﶹˮ⻰˵ˮıʵҲ˵׬ľˮǮ
֪֭

*

˵һߣɢѧûؼң˳Сȥѧ
͸һǽߵľɫȴǴ䡣

Ĺ潨ܿѧߵĸߴ˽ӵƫСɾ£ͷľҲһ
߽󣬾ͲϢӶ˲١

ᳵ·һǰ˽ȥ˻иСģˣһˣһ
̣С;ˣһ˽

һ飬Žӣȥˮǰϴϴֲ֣˲ǰ
ñǡ
ǣ

˸󣬷ǰ¡
ֿ꣬ӣֵȹ⿪ʼˣĬĬظųԡ

̾һڣ̲סǲƽʱ̫ˣ⺢
ôţһӲ˸ڶ
ǳʱ򣬶Щ

лĬĬذŷ۾ȴʱʱһۡ
ʲô


л㽲˵ûͣ³ԷĶ

ö࣬˵ѧϽʳ޲˽²ġƽʱǰϣЦʵǸˣȻǴҲȥȴ㡣
ô룬ַЩ

ΪҸѣ˽Ӳܷҷԡ

̧Ŀһۣµæµȥæ㣬ҲĲ£ѧУҲܶ顣

ΪҪôأ
ܾùĻЩֵֹģȴ˵Ķ֡ΪδĲ£

Ҳ͹£Ǽû֪Ͳݶ֪˵СͯˡҲ⻰ЩζϧǶ
Щ԰ɣ԰ҳ㱳顣

æͷҲ˲öˣֻǹ˴ȥ̯⽣ҲǼ̬ƹ⵹м֮ͬУȻл

*

ĸˡ
֪˱֪ͷӵĶҡ

һǿ̵ģǣ˳ϰ塣һԣǸģиǮǿģһӻġ

ϰΪףһ˾Ӷ̵࣬ͲǮ
ʵҲˣ⼸˻ǿСӻ̣ǱǸ˷߱ǷΪ۹ԶԺЩӣ˼ӣºĸˣȻҲûнʱյǡ

ʱ⼸ָҪˣȴһá
ĿĲΪмսٵˣȻЩĶ˶Ķ̯ǡ

⼸ûǣ඼ĵ취ôȥɲɡб̯ھõ̯Ǯǰˣû⣬ܹ˲

ҽдĿĲ˵ʴҵҪҪѧѧǼĥϰ˵

⼸Ҳû취ôĶˣķҲˣǮֻ̯߲ҲЩԶĲǮûȰ˵ȻǼĥȥˡ

ЩˣҲٲÿֻڼ̯ǣͨǸʡǮȥϰģҲΪѡܣĶûˣûԸ
ϰţֻ˵οŶԽԽ࣬˺üݣΪ³ġ

ʵѾˣͶ֭Ǯô̯

ȻѾˣǾͱˣǮһҳһЩӦҲ˶١ϰ
ܼҶ˵ˣҪĹǮࡣ

٣
ϰȻ˸ơ

ʨӴ󿪿ڣ
ڴСǸϰ壬ԿţӣҲ̫ãмǮţҲӹζǸĲ˱ԡ

ҪһңҲǻҪܳó֭Ǯϰԥ
Ϊ˰æԹǮҪĶࡣ

ϰ̾˿ΪûǰûĥⶼǼĥˣö֮˼Ҳˣʣôһĥ

ԼĥԼĥҲ˼ȥǵҲܼҶܼҶҲԸɣⱻ˲٣ܼҶŲѣɹûðϰȻһļϡ

ôϣٲˣǮȻҲʵʵ㣬˵ܼҶûӡ

ϰˣǼĥͳ֭ҸĥҹͣϹܹܼҾһĥ˼ԼĥһӣĥһӣҪôҪôĥ¿ⶼǮ

ааɣôɣ᲻ӣ˼ǼˣԺҲûӽˣӡϰĽ˵ǮϰվǸϵġ

ô˵ˣΨЩϰҲû˵ˡ

Ҳڶ죬һϢ
ͷĲܼҶҲͶ֭ˡ

Ǵ̨ˣ

Ϣ󣬼㡣
Ҳˣ




75.  Ѹ£ʮߣ   ⼸տҡ

73

Ҳˣʡ
ͷ, 뷨Ӱɣպβһѹ, Ҳá

ʣµĻ, ð˵Ͷ
ܳѹ, ˵һݣͷδ, öԷת, Ժ»ü

ɡ
Ҫ
㣿Ĳۡ

Ҫ, Լġ

ߺ, ȥ壬˵ˡ
, ˵㵽զģͷôãβһ

ЩûشĻôһͶ֭˼Ҳ, ٻͣⶼҪӣȻ˵, ž, ѵ⻹󲻳ɡ
Ȼ˵㻹, ֻܲ˵ˡ

², ϰ˵İ취ȷʵЧ, Ҳм˱˲١
ʵҲ, Ǳǰ, Զ˽ģȻԸԶ·ɼ, Ҳ֮ǰκöˣΪǼĥߵĶͷѹΪ֪Ȼ˵Ĳ࣬ںһǮ

ϰϰ塣
Ĵ̽ˣҲûڲת˻ûȫҲͻһ벻רʹǱߵĶıˣ˵ҪҪҲһȻôЩӽȥزˣ̫

ôϰϰһۣżҲֻ¹Ǯӣ˲ŻģɰһǮۺܾá
˼ҲЩ̯Ǯˣ

ǿ϶ˣϰ嵱͵Ѿ˲ǮȥǮôر
Ǿ˵Щ̯Լۣ

ϰƺҲûϰļӦصͷȻǽҲΪǺá
Ϲ

ϰ岻ˣôϹˣѵΪǺãе˶ˣǲ׬˶ˣĶ׬ȥ
ϰϰ壬Ϊ飬ȥ˵ɣ㿴û

ΪϰҲ˵˵ѣⲻ֪ǵ͹˶Է⡣
ڶϰȥˣר˸ӡбȽϺ˵̯˵¡

ϰ˵ʲô
ģǸ̯̯ǡ

ǽϰǵĵطûɴҲչؽǮզڶôԼĶˣһĸݵ̯˵Ŀãζʮ㡣
ϰ˵ĵɣûҪıǮڰһˣ

һһϰƵͷ󺹣ЩˣҲЩС̯ıԡ

֪ЩС̯ЩĸǴ򽻵м˵ǰΪ̯ϰֱûûԸˣϰҲͦãҲϹȥ

ɽʱͬգϰ弸Ͷ֭Ϊʲô˶ܿ˵ˣϰǣȻû˸
Ҳϰʵվ˵ۣΪ˽ۣ併ۻȥǼĥǱ̯߰Ǯý

ʵѾкܶ˶ˣ֮ԻһΪ˿򣬶ҲǻĴ඼ǰ¸Ǯ˵ģ󲻹ǮǲˣȻţ˵
涯ҵ棬û˻ᵱӡ

ϰ壬ϴ⣬ϰٸʲôʵ۲ϡ¸˵ǼĥǱ߿ɲǮǻҲž֣ϰҲҵʵݣ

һ֮ڶ࣬ϰ壬ǸʵݣֵӦС

ϰ屻Ӷļңµ˵βűһ䣺ƣҾ˵˵ѣôʲô
˵꣬͸ɸһЦȺˡ

˻ཻһе˻ȥ̯еһ˵ʲô

ϰյϢ󣬱һţϰ²ࡣ
Ȼϣڶм̯ˡ

ҲЦﻰǿ޲ңϰ̯ǮϰȻ˦ֻ˵Ҫ
ɸ˭أǲͬ£Ը⣬⼸ҲԸ⡣

*

ٸҴһ롣
һɫ̺֡ŵŲЬĺӣ̯ǰ

̯Ǹʮ꣬Բ΢֣һˣˡ
˵㣬һ㶼ּˣһǮһǮҲ

⺺ӹҲǸƤģǺ˰һ䣺˵ģⶹ֭һǮȡ

󣺡˵Ǹӣ㻹Ǹӣ˵ˣ㶻װѽ֪ɶп
˵ģȵģֲûǮ

Ǯôˡ

˷ȥͻ˵Ǯµɫֺ죬ģʵҲǸ˵ģԷ˵ӮԼûԷ

ҲһǸºӣһʵ࣬Ҳӡ󣬺Ǹģ̯Լһ춼
˦Ҳǿ˵ģҪǸڲϰ̯̯˵ôĻ˵˾Ǽ²˵

һࡣһͨƲ
˿ȥˣҲ˵һ䣬֪ˡ

֪ˣ֪ѵ˵ˣǸ˶֪ʲôп֪֪ӶǮһ֪֪ĥ֭ҪٹǮ˵ˣûʶһһ֣ûֹġ

Ȱ˼ҲȰ˿ȻûΧ֣ܶ˶Ķ
ԼһˣͷǺӡ

ʵƽʱҲģ̯ӣҲϰĹϵϰãϵ̰ȣҲרųͶ֭¡

ȻȻ֪һЩ£ܼҶ۶ҪǮʹĥ˵Ӳòµġ

ϰǮóȥЧԣϰǰŪ̯ǮߵȻûٳԹ䡣
˵ҲǱһټϱƽʱе㹷ۿ˵ͣ

ˬˣûע⵽Ǳĺӣɫ˺üأȭͷ
һ䣬֣һͷһˡ

û˵꣬һִƾ
Ǻӵȭͷ

ˣˣ

һе˶ܹΧۡ
ȥȥòײŰ

㾹ȻҴң
ǺȭͷñϢݣҴôˣۿ˵͵ĶƲ˭һĭһͲ֭ʲôڣ˼ǼĥҲûɫơ

㡭
ȻƲۣ߾ǣ浱۾ͱԴë

⺺תȥʰ̯ӣе㲻ȥקۣⵣˡ

ȺߺƵˣΧ۵Ҳ۷׷
е˵Ƿѵͷһθɫˡ

е˵֭˵͵Ķ֭ȷʵǼĥﵭζǼ˲ˮ
֮˵ʲôĶУͨϵˣ˵ĶܿҲ

²һݣҪóõĴ㣬ͣȻڴȱ٣Щˡ˵˾ɼףѣɡ

ûжֻܵȳ壺˵ʲô˼ݵĸͷΪ˶֭ʲôϵ

ûʲôϵ˼ԼĻ߰±ܣֻҪмһ첻ǮǱ߾ʹӮۣǣǣô

ǱҪ治Ǯզ죿ɦɦԴʡ
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Ϣ˵곯͢˰ӻȥһǱɫɫ

ͨ׵˵Ǯﲢ
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ũǵ뷨ȻʳʳΪˣɳ͢ʳ⣬ʳ˵·̫࣬Ǯﲢ֮
˵ַҲûÿճ֮ʣͨҲʳǮ͵ʱ

򵥵ıȷƽʱһʯʳһǷʱͨѹۣ֪ũǵӽ˰ѹɵɡ

Ҳ˵ũǽʯʳܽĿ˰ΪǮﲢ֮ǿҪʯʳͶۣʯʳģҪʯʯܴչ

Ҳ˵˵˰һ뱾ɫһɫǷ׷ƿڴ

ϵ˻ټﶼеأԼֻǵȥշԼϢϢء
һʱ䣬϶£ȻҲûȥ۴ܲܵˡ

Ҳնݶ˵ؼˣִӶĿвŵ֪֮ǰ˽ӣ˽ӹǹ顣⼸֮ͻȻؼңΪѧ˼٣Ѿżûȥѧˡ

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ǰģмȻûʲôˡ
ϸбɣĥˮϣ飬ǵ㡣

ѾоˮϵˮһˣͻȻһ۵ףһ˲ӰϤæ˴̨¥ֳɡҴҳĥ

ûдɡ´ƲҲûɻ¡
ɫЩƣ룬졣

ģһɫɡ
㵹һ㶼ɡٸߣһϲܽ¶˳

ôˣ

˼˵Դ֪ûȥѧרȥ˻
˴Ҳ֪治ǹװԽ֪ʲôԽǲӲ硣ۼ㶼ˣ˴Ÿȥˡ

Ϊλȥƺ˰йء
֪ȥģʱȻҲ͸ĥˡƽʱͻˣȴڿĥһľһ磬һͻصģ˭֪ˡ

ĥʣɴӴ⿴㡣
⿴˿ԶĥֿһۣеζƳ

̬еգµȻΪʲôǼܻ꣬ܲȥȻ˴˵ô֪ɡԹǡ

ɡأͻȻ
һ㶣ŷӦԼһɡš

õתͷߣû߳ס֡ɡùֵҹⶺġ
ʱǸˣʵС˼˴ƣ²

ⲻЩˣһʱư˵
Ҵˡ

㿴Ҳ´ˣȥĥ˵

Ҳͷǰߣಽɡܵ
ߵĥʱʵѾˣӹҲסһ忴һֹͬȴֲʡ

Щ£Ƕһ򶨵

¥ְŹϡ
һûԶܳԵģ

˵Ըˣɻؿ
̫æָŻûдˡ

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ĥֻǰģ
ϻʣͷ룬ȼִӹ顢ȡΡˮȹˮˣһͷһ߰Ѽڹ

Сյʱ͹ˣ󼦵Ϸżͣٵν̳ͣһСˣһ¥
һʱҲȵŰɡ

ҲûóҲȷʵˣŽ˳ͷͼɣʹҲԵ˹

һӵĻһֱˣʵȥʲô˴˵Ϊ˰£ûŪӦùܵġ

طµȻǵطùܣֻҲ͹ĶˣԵطٸӰ졣
ȻܴӼǧĿӱͨ˵й

йĶȻʱĵط£ֶ˶ͬʦ
νʿָ֣ĳһأָĶ˵ȦӣͷĹϵ̸ڣǶδ͢ĺۣԵعٸҲǱȽעصʿֵ

ȥΪ˽˰Ϊ˴򣬶Ҳ뿴ܾܲһЩౡ֮

ûʲô˵û
ҡͷüģָǳ͢ģطٸǰ³̰¡

ȻˣҲҪ룬óˣġ

Щ㾹˵Դǣֻ볣˲ͬҲûж롣
㲻˰׶̫󣬱棬²ͨաʦͨţҲʶҪĸϧ̫Сֻ΢޷볯ڸ

е΢ǹԾصǰ
ŮӲø£ǰЩ˽⡣ʱĹǰЩĹԱǻ

ϡǵô˵ţ
Щϼ޻ϳ򽻵ЩڱͷԱҲûѧᰢķУ˵ĻöǶԳ͢ġ

ҲҪ̫ࡣ

ⳤһƽʱ׼Ҳȥʵ̫˸е
ҲзȨԸǣʦͷǳԸ˵Ļȴˮ©䶼߾ٳĴñӣݲ˿粵

գλı
Ͼλı

ͬʱģĿؿ㡣
ʱҲʶԼֱ¶æڵҲǶģס

Ҳû룬һɢ˴룬ֵȥҲǰһ¡
˵ţ⿴һۡ

ʲô£ʡ

뼸λͬԼһЩ־֮ʿٸԸϣɹٸ棬Ƶѹ֮¡Ϊ˷ֹ˴ıٸӵذżල̣һܶѹ۵·

Ǻʲôϵңѵ˵

µûŹλʦĴǳҲ
֮У˵͢˵ռ࣬Էñӡ
װΪ˭Ҳ˵վǲݽ棬֮ܶ±ùĥˡ

ҲΪλ۳ԭڣʵǳҲǸʡ͵ĵƣ֣Ǵ̫ҽѣΪ˶ÿŰݷãæڲҵţһľô졣

ල̵ˣ㶨ΪǼĥ
һǼĥеطȫܹ˰ũˡҲǹٹ˽˸¡

㲻һֱѹһͷǰˣԺٲó

⵹ӹɵģЩũҲںһӬͷСǡǡҲӵˡ¹ͷǵ˭ֻ˭棬Ǽĥ׵°ˣԺںﵽһܸߵĵز

˵ж£ԺֻҪ㲻ʲôϴҶվһߡ
˸ĺô㣬עĲǡ

ô֪ôࣿͷ֪

û˵ֻǿܿͰ㿴ЩˡΪʲô󲻹ǵ֪¡

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⼸տң




76.  Ѹ£ʮˣ   

74

վǰ, ԥԥš
˭£

Щţһ, ΪԼǻ
, ɢѧˡ

˹һۣͷ, ص£ŵ, , ں͹, ֮ǰ˵, ȻȥӶ

˵֮䣬Ѿ, о鰸ǰųʣ˵, б·һϣƽʱ
˿, ͬʱҲе, ɸɵصҾһ䡣

վȥҲҪ˰, ҪͬУ
ʹ, Ȼͬˡ

ȥѰɡ, ˸һ, һ, 뿪ĥ
һ·϶ǰ󼸲ۼҪ˽, ûס˵ˣ˼ž

ôأȥѧ

̧ۿ˿ܣŷԼ߹ˣ֮ǰ·ڱҪ䣬ߵ»Ҫߡ
ҷĻ㻹û𡣡

һӣһ̣һڣǵ¡
ʲôôǵˣǱ߻ţˣʲô¸˵˵꣬ʹҴˡ

Ŀһתȥˡ

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ȻҲٲ˺

Ϣ۷׷ףҴӸտʼĿڶഫɲרŽȥ￴˽Ǹʾܳһ飬ûʶֵ˿

ϸۣȷϢġ
ʾ˰йأ˵˰ɣΪ˸üḺɳ͢ɣؽ֮·ɡ֮¡

ʾ˵ʮͳ⡮һʾ˳Ծˡ
˵ذնİλ֮ǰλڼ䣬ʹƶȡ

ʹô˷㣬ŻѴȥȻҲ뵱صʿйأССۣͨ죬˰ﾭɽб˽ңѹա

ʱֵԹ𣬻ǳȡˣôˣ

֪һϢ˶Щֲ̿Ǿ˽ͺҲףǱ
ôƺѡõش󻧣Ǵͨѡãͬʱٸ·˰ڼ䣬̲ѹۡ

Ūؼ㣬ϢԴ˵ϲѶˡ

ũʲô
Ȼջ֮۱ѹͣΪ˽˰ӣòʳ

˹ٸټѡô󻧣ֱǴ¡

ҲЩ˲ڴΪÿһιٸµٴӱûʲô©ڰյģʵβҪˣЩ̰۶ΪպõͷûٸЩµ¡

ֹǣҲɱͰעѡ֮ˡ
һĸÿöָѡҲûѡֻ˵飬ɵذվѡʱ

򶨵ѡǼĥ
ĳضˡ

ʵǰλѡʱҲָĳ󻧣ھѡһΪ¶һһΪ۱ۣҲĳһ٣ĳˡ

ǼĥֻˣһжףһǹѸ
ѵ˵ҪһѸ
ֱ˼

һʱ˵硣ͬҲвͬġ
ͬĶǾǼĥǹѸǸѸЩܣûвܣܰǼĥӪķˮмǸõӣǼĥмطҲ˰

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֮˵ʲôĶУ̶̲һգǼұ㱻˵ţĥҲ˴̽

⻹ڣܶ۷׷ף˵Ự⣬˵ָǼĥΪβָ˵ȥ˵͹Ҹͷ˽»³֮ࡣ

һʱ䣬ϢǷ겻ϡ

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Ѿ˹Э

ֻһ䣬ˡ
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ôһѾ˶˵ǶԶɡ
ЩƽϢô

ָ˼գˡ
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ðСݣƤ΢ڣһ˫۾žǸúŪġ
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ܿˡ
졣΢΢

ͷǹѸ
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վ״㴽΢
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һԵЩˣҲ˵˵־òʣֻܲϵظʹɫ

㡣
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㲻ɵȻϤͼ

󲻹ˣԷô죿ȻõȨѹãԺ֮±Ϊףôô죬Ǽĥͷ

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ҿ׼

ڱ£ȵȵȰɣһδδ
ʲôˣһ㶡

ȵȾ֪ˡ

״кԷ裬軻һҲˡ
ǹ⡣

ǹţƺòᣬվ
⹰˹֣ǹĳ

һ˵ģ֪ͶĴ׹
Ҳ˵ⱾĲӣ˸еʮѲء

Ϊ˸ıǰãڵĲᣬ뷭ӣɲɣᡢͱˣһػص·ͷȻͷϣټϹǸ·죬ҲĴ׹

ôʶĳʵ
æЦЦڵǵûУĴ֪Ĳӡ

ˡ
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һķŴüĿӣЦӯӯص췽ŲǺ滹һ˭ȻǵȹˡŲ֪֪֮ѵٸΣ˹ǰָ㣬йһԿţŲʲô©

Цǰ봹ͷּ챻µɫƺ̫ãԾ͵ʲôҲûָڴ˴Ǽ⣬״

㵹ǰͦ׵ġ
ҵĿޣΨ°˲¶ѡ

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֮Ҫ֮ǼŮ˲ɣĥסˣǮȥסջˡ

סĳС
ôã

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Ļ˵ˣȻþֻܾӡ

²ᣬȶߺ˷ų˵Ϣ˵õ˱ʹҼ档

˵ڶ죬мϽ֧һ졢Լ㶼ˣȻҲ˲ٰա

Ҫ¶ôһϣͬʱҲ֪ͨպ֮¡
ȻҲлŵʱ
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77.  Ѹ£ʮţ   

75

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ȻҲ⡣

Ϊõͻ֮øûٰ
û, ˵, ӦԣҲͷһ, Ҳûʲôɵǵġ

Щȴı졣
Ҳȷʵɳ, µȻ, ˴һԼල, ֻҪͨ, Ҳʲô

û뵽ǣǵҲҽڼ, 統йٸظӷϴĹأȴû뵽·ɱҧ

ҧǱ, Ȼǹ⡣
룬סڹ˼, , Թ

Ȼܡ
Ȼ, ˱㶼ȥ

˲ıԣö˵Ļ, з, ˵ĻǼߡ
չ˵Ⱥ, ҲὫŪ˸, Ȼõ˵Щ߰ģֻҸá

Ÿգûҵ˵ϻĻ, סˡ
ҲƺⲻñӴ⽫ĿŵǼĥϡ

Ƕң˵˰죬øѾˣѵͲٿǿǣ˰ЦЦ¶в

㻹ǸüĿӣƹ£һ˼ң²ǸǻȻѭٸ򲻸в̤

ƹ޵
˵⸾ʲô¶ƫƫ˵˵õˮ©˵ƫƫһСµģ

ôв̤ˣǱֻ˵ܶѹۣɹȷʱۼ֮飬ڶǿõģǶҲģѵͲƹֻ˸˵

Ȼɡ
ƹҲʧȥģˣǶҾֱ˵ɣŻӦ¡

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⳵ꤵĻ
ƹվЦˡ

*

㡭
˽

һڣ£
ֹǧﻯһ̾

治˸ɵģΪ£Ҫˡ
²յ壬Ҳõǣռ˵ٹ¾ˣվͺá

ɡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻ̾̾ڣˣǼҲˣϰġ

һʱҲûϰ˭˵һͷŷӦ
üʲô

ǲˣϰҲǿ̵ġ

㵹ˣֻǲ˾˼ţǰ˫ͷȻû棬˭֪ԷǶͷ

˵¡
嵹Ҳ̬ȣͷȥˡ

棬˵꣬ϰҲû˵ʲôǼĥ
һֱԶˣ

壬ˣϰߣಽ
˼Ҷ˵ˣۻǿƲɣǹѸǣûôѧ˳ԱŸˣϰЦ

˼ҸԱŸӦϾǶͷ⻰ɲ˵ڣ˵⻰ҳ顣

ǼǱߡ

⻰ϰͣ½Ų
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ס׶УǼĥ͹˼Ҷ˲٣ŵԽ࣬Խ˲Ļԡ

֮ǰߵƹ񣬺ˣϰ岢δٳֹʱʱ˵òްʾҲ˳ŶԷݣһװ
ʵװˣ죬иʵڲҡ

ڵǵ˲ˣҲǸ˵ݣ˾ùܲʲô£Ȼøһ˼Ҽƽϡ

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㿴ܲ죺㲻죬ôп

ϸ߼Ҹӷϴ̰ƶ˼ںˣ˯ҡ
߽˳ӣҲԾˣ

⻹Ϊϲƣ͵ų
ʵ㵹ǲϲӳԾƣųԾƵԵʣǹɰŨ˲١

һۣȥðݲ裬Ȳ˰յ˲˵

ҵˣǵԽԽƵȫմ״ʵģұֶҸߣֻ˵ҰѲóʶȤЩʲôʶȤЩҪô˵ҪôԼ룬ҲǺЦǰҲûЩˣεǿ۽硣

Ⲣ⣬򵽵˶࣬Ǽ̱ңʳɲһģȻ֧š

ǰ㲻Щ㲦Ҳˣǰ¼Ʋߣɹ⸺ס죬ЩӴˣӦˡ
ʱ˵˲Ϊ壬ˡ

λ֮ǰλ֮ʱǼұһֱǺϼǼͷģһǧ˿ƵĹϵ

˵һ峤ƤǳͿӬͷСô࣬˵ϻģ˵ϻģմ׵Ĳմ׵ģԼġơԼĿġ

ƹʵμ̵ƹμ̱ǸμңμҺǼҽסͷϰ壬Ҳˣ󲮵׵ϡ

Ϊ˲ȥֱҹ⣿ΪЩ˵˲棬ƫƫСﲻƵðͷ˵ݻȰ޵в㣿

ⶼΪ⡣
ǼҲΪС£Ϻ͹˺㣬ͺðˡ

ҲΪܲɽӦԭڡ

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ͷμҼн飬ƽʱḥ̂ҡǴҵʱͿʼˣҲкö꣬ζҵƷŵù

ǾУҾͲˣûȥ

׹Ϊ˴æ˵˻ǳ˲ӣǳǰмʹЩᣬҲû˵ʲô
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һչȥˡ
мϽǣεƱ֮ǰǻشˡ

׼ͷ׼˹Ϲ׼¯
һʱȼ˱ڡ

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Цǿؿ˹һۣҪ˵仰
ܵﵽΪ

ΪΪɲɵ˵ﵱܵ죬ʶĶī⣬Ǹ˾ǰûⷲ¶šٲ˼ð׻ôꡣ

˵ˣ˼ҾǷ
֪ǸѸ컹мϲѸܸʲôǱôһΪڲ֪ʲôɽɽǸӡ

˵ЩҲˣ쿴˿濴Լˣٳ˳֮ǰűĺζңˣЦǿ˵Щ֮ʡ

ϧ̫С̫죬Ҳ֪Щ滰
˵꣬ͱˣų

ȥ˳£һԣ˱īֽ⣬˰˸ľֵ÷зɾôʼˡ




78.  Ѹ£ʮ   

76

յϢ, ܶ฽ũ˾׼ˡ
Ҫﶼֻ׼, һֻ, ᡮ࡯

˶˻ӵѰľդ, դȦһطȲӰм, ҲӰũ˰

ζҲǰ׼
Դǰ, Ĵͷͣ, ר

, Һζңҵʱ, ζн顣ζƷжΪ˶غ񣬱ܸһüǮ

˲, ȥʹļǮŲػת, žͼ˰Ӷ, ͬ˰ԼЩ, ѾӾˡ

ʲô˺ʡ
֮ǰĽ͡

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д̵, ͨٸ, ֱӽ˵, Ϊܶũ˶֪ý˰ӣ׼㣬Ȼֳᷢӵ¡

СҲС̵, ǰͷųϢҪҲԽԽֵǮмҺϻѹۣƾ¡

ʵҲһЩĴ©ӣǰͨŪôʵͿʼˡ
ЩũƭʳˣΪͻȻ֮иڹŶĹǼѶĥ˵ģܿ˵ԣʵ֮ǰڵŶۼûʲôָŰʳ

ܵǼˣȥʶñˣǲ֪ü

˭뵽ļۣȻߡ

˵Ǹ̾
ǰ࣬Ϊã˭֪ᷢ¡

̫ү˵겻׼ѹۣ˵գ˼ҹ˵ˣ£ǶҲ˵򲻿ɰʳôͲ

⻰ñԹǼĥȻҺ̣Ϊβǰ˵һǣʱƿԡ
˵ʲôأ˵ǲǶû֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪

۵ûû⻰˻ȥҲûᡣ
иɦɦԴ֮ǰ˵ҴզǰͷˣѰ˼ҲˣҪƭ˵ģʡ£˵ˣû뵽

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һЩǰľĽĿ

һղܵǼ˶ˡ
סˣеûסȥʱʳѾȥˡ

Ȼӣ޲Ƿ׷µľҲѣ˲ıƭͬȥһͲϸ˵

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ɫĹӺܿעľϺһߵʳһ͵Ա߿ľĻơ
Էޱ飬Ҳû˵һҧһݶ˶ֹ֣ܿЩʳѳ˼

ͣ

䣬Ϻæס֣ͬʱһֻѸٵץסڣоֹشûж൹ȥ˿

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Ϻɫһֽȴʲô˵ֻܽضĶ

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е˶Ķᵽ˺ڡ
ʱͻȻбһֱۡ

̧ͷȥǹ⡣
죬ǣһ⡣

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һʶȣЩܵģЩܲģⶼϹءĻк塣
ʲôϹأ

ȻܼˣûϺŵ۾ӶɳˣҲߵĶ

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ͱһʳǶѼһƽƽһ𡣻ûװΪػľľܵػ󣬶Ѽʳͻк£˳ǵڵأҪ⡣

ڵصʳǲܼģΪʾʳװˣũǻٵꡣ

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㵽治Ǽٲʳ·ϻģЩѵҪҵЦģƺҪˡ

ⲻΪĳ֪˵Ϊ˵Ҳʮ·ôʲôģ

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񣬵ϴûӽǾͲö֪ˡ

ĺڽָƽ
ʱִһϢ˼Ǽĥס

һϢҲˡ
ԭ˼ҴͿ㣬˵ˣֻ˲֪

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79.  Ѹ£ʮһ   һж˼ҡ

77

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Ǻܿ, ܿЩޣȴҪһЦΡ

ʵΪһ, ʹ˼Ҵ׵¿棿º, Ͽ˵Ļ, ǳʢһ, ˶һӡ
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Ȼ, Ժ͸ǹɣĶһ׶һ㡣һԵ

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껹˵ȻģǼҵмҲǶģһһ

걻µһƨϣֱ˺һֵ⸾˲ͨʣø˵һȥ˵ȥҿû˵ļҵϱްСӴߵģ˵㻹᲻ǼҵļҲ

΢Цŵԣ⻰óȥ˵»ᱻЦģ޸˹һҪǼҵļҲ

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²ᣬȥͺһͬȥ̫үļңǰ㣬ȥǣȥ̡
Ц˵ûǰʾӻȥһԣ˼Ҹû׻˵ܻǲܣֻ˵Ҫȿż

ǲûݻƭǵģϷӦ
һ㶣

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ֻδ̫棬Ͱ˼룬ӱ˯ˡ

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ױ̨ǰҲϴ׼ЪµġʱЪˣƫƫӵĵʱ䡣

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һбϵͷӣզģҪҪʵ

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ȥŵðɣ˼ӹֲãҲͿˣ˵
ɵȥ˼ҲҲȥˡ

⻰Ƴһۡ
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ô
Ӧ֮ԣڴϾլǱ߻û˭֪ǱǸʲô̬ȡǲӦǶϾǼˣó޵ɩӸˣ´ȥָҪôЦ

ͷһֱ˵ҲʧģҲˣԼȥ
ɲУǵ

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˷ѿĭ絥ֱ룬˼˴㣬ȻҲ־档

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ҪǼǼȻ԰ʦ֮˼ңѧٹ飬Σ

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80.  Ѹ£ʮ   

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Ϊм, ͰǼҶĻķһա

ȻѾǰô, ǲģǱŶܰšܡЩӵ뷨ɵĿ˷Ŀ, ֿǱʶⱻľӶ˳

˵ĿѶΪ
ܼҵ

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ֻҪһ뵽, Ϊһ, Щ׻ӶΪ, ;Ķѵˡ

ͷʶ̣ûס
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յˣ޵
ŵ, ڿڣģЩίڵû, ˼Ҳ˵, ĥ󿳲, , ܲ˶ļҲƽȥ, Ժ󶨷С

㡪
, Զǿһ, ۾˿ԱŵĹ⡣

չҲˣΪ֤ģΪ
ǩһֽ, ΪǼĥмһӵߣȻҪ

˺һֱû˵ֻ˵һֽ飬ܰƽʵҲģ֮Ƿ˵̺ʱһۡ
˵һֱǴüĿͷȲ״̬˶Ƕ׿Ȼȴ˭Ҳ

֮ǰû˵֮ʱǻˣΪǲģר˿ɽʵ֤ƺЩС֮ĶȾ֮
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ǹģǳʢûס
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ʢ꼱
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⡪

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Щˡ

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ݶЦǴһˡ

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뷨˴շת˰ҹ
мĵϨˣ治κζȥ˺ü飬ûκζֲҶ֮˺üΣĵ˯ˡ

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գ˴ĺ磬ݶǰġ
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ǰ˵ͷһ˶ݶ̲סС
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81.  Ѹ£ʮ   

79

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㶼ˣѾĶ, Ҳ˴ͷͲݶ˵˵ô˻û
, ʥ鳤, ôˡҪƤ

ߺҲ˵, ɹֲɵ, Ȼ֪ʲô, ҲƤһ, Լȷʵˡ
𡣡

˵ô˵, ȴѵĥĥ䣬ֱֿ㿴ýڱ, ȥѡ
ú󣬼űһҲﲻЩģȥıӡ

קңҵȻ𡣡ڱ˵
Լ

˵û˴󣬹Ϻһ㱻ǿ¶һС˵ģü۽ǻЩɫ⿴̲סˣס

ȥȻˡ

˵ţ˴
û

⻰Ǻһʹơ
˵ԺҪ̺ġⲻع

㡭
һ

æվֱˣȥš


˴￴˶һۣ۾򣬿ɹĸߴ󣬵ʵʲôְֻĿڶϡ

ˣϴȥаʦءҲûôôô㣬ù㶼˿

ȥˡ
ʱתˮ

ȥ˵ЪһЪҲɡ

ʰóȥƤȵģ˴Цӯӯ˵лʵһֱ߾бˡ

㡭

˴۾Ѳ
¸ȻҪϲ죬Խ㴩ɫȹ߶ԽٵĹӣһȹƽͬ

Ǵ󷽷Ը񣬽ɫ˲ɫԽϱˡ

˺ˣȥ˵
˴ЦǺǵˡ

ߣѾԹ˰ʦ˵ɩˣվ
ȴҲûߣվǰֲ

ƣȥ⡣
⿴˶һۣЩεضЦ£ֵݶŶȥӲõĿɻ⡣

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㵹ҲûţϾͦιƷС

޻˵Ȼ־
˵ʱһֱץûԵͻأˡƺҲܻ䣬ʱʱϣʱʱ£ƺ԰ʮ档

ķΧ
еʱʱ⣬ͻȻվһ䡮ȥʹҴˡ

㵣ʧЦ

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ϱɻģ˴һæţһߵ
Ұջ𣿡

˰ɣҵү治㣬æù˵ϱɻģɻҲõȹͷա

㵹ɻֻǵŵæţڱܾùⲻȥֲ¹˹ȥֻվſں͹˴һûһ˵״ԼƺҲæš

˴տһۣЦеأȥﻹȱʲôɣӳէȱʲô˵ȥ
ˣֻܵȥˡ

ᡣ
˼Ҳ󣬾ǸһСԺͶ᷿סᣬƽʱţζ˾Ͱס

ݣмݣֶַ䡣סͲݶݣʱǼǱöȥˣݶʰӡ
Ҳͦڿ죬ݶһææ⣬ŰڷŶԼƽʱõģԼţҲպѰ

ɩӣ

ˣܵǰһķڹǰʵ

˴˵ȱʲôȱʲô˵ԺҲܽй˴ˣӦýС

ðɣһʱҲ֪ýʲôˡ
Ⱳеңǰй˴Ｔɣڹ˴ţɩӣͬʱְ˹Ϊʦ

ʦƽʱ˽ͬҪǸΪЩʦǲһġ׻˵һΪʦΪָ֡ô㣬˴ıҪһڸðʲô

ɩӣŴ˵ˣ˵ҽͳɡ
ɣôһ㵹Ҳ÷ôƺˡ

㣬ȱʲôأǶĶ룬ְ͸ʰˡˣ˵ЩĶûãȥˣһʰáݶһѵ

ڼҪæݶҲ֡
ôһأ¸ͷǲܸɻģպһӡȻŵ˵ʱǶͷ

˻ˣ߸Űģ˴С˲ٶػؽˡ
º󣬰ľͼˣ˵ĥǱ߲ȱˡ

ҲȷʵΪ£ѾûˣǸвסģҲµ⣬ͷҹѶʰãһ춼ûȥĥȶ֭úֻŶѶ˼߰ᡣ

רͷһ˰ĶĶڶ˲Ͳݶġ

ⶫȷʰ㣬æţȻĥˣǱֲ˵ţҲææˡ
ģ˴ûס

緹ܿˡ
ܷʢѼʲôУȫģϲƵʣ˲ٲˣ˴ǸˣϱͷһܳʣʣͷҲãȻҪʵġ

ΪʶȻҲûʲôɾģݶȥԷҲ˴ˣʹһͬԡ
԰շݶʰֽ࣬ϴĻˡ

˴˵Ъţ˯͹Ҳˡ
˯ţ˶źʵ

ⲻԵüƺѯô
æҵ˼ǣ㲻ңȥ顣˵鷿˿

ô˵
㡪
ȥ˯æ

ðɣ˼ˣȥ˯ȥ顣
Ҳûʣתȥ䡣

һԷ
ɵϺ̾˿һ˸̾˿

ôʣ
ϷͻȻһ㱻õתȴСĳһ

ôˣ˹
ǶģеǱָָ˳־̽˹ȥš

ҶɣеᡣСʵᣬ˶ƣúܣ˵˯ţ̹

û˵ʲôϵĶȴһֱûͣ¡
ˣ̲ס˲λãҲ˵ָĶĶˡ

ҿ˵༸ξͺˡ

㱾ſǶ˯ģͻȻһ˾ˡ
ʲô༸Σɵ˳

û˻ش˴иʮϢϷһЩͳ޶/ס




82.  Ѹ£ʮģ   Ůӡ

80

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ȻѾˣ˼Ҿôͬһ, Ҫȥѧ, ݶҪȥæ˴š

˴ͨ͸, Ӻϱȷʵƽʱܱžͱ, СΡ
˵üȢϱ, Ҫͣʮյ, »ջû, ˴߶Ҫ̯¡

Ȱסֻ֮֮, ѧǱ߹Ҳֻܸգ˶ˣֻš

ͷһ, ˹󣬼оʣһˡ
ȥм, ҲûǶ, ؼ˷, ȸ˴, ȥ͡

, ⲻ, ˵Լؼҳ, ƽʱǻؼҳԷģǹ˴￪Ժ󣬲Ÿĳ˽á

ͻȻһӸıϢ, ʵͦϰߵġ
ûʱϾ˯ͣڲˣ˴͹ߵ磬ôˣһ˯ҲӣȻҲ

˶ߺҲ˯ˣֻЩ¸Լܶʱ֪ʲô

ȹ˼죬Ҳˣ緹˶ߺ󣬱ۼļһæȥмȥĥʣȥӰæ

ٵ磬ؼȷãҲˡһͬԹȥ˴ͷһͬؼ˯

һ˯ͨѾȥѧˣʰʰȥмȥĥ£æ꣬˴Ҳ̯ˣϱһͬҡ

ƺǰûʲôָʵࡣ

ڼ䣬̫æµͷ£ȻŷмϵԽԽˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˰£ƺ˶֪ǼмԽҲԽԽࡣ

õˣ֪оȫ˳ȥ

һ˺μУ֮ǰζҺ˵õģʱζһΪβԼռ֮㣬ǼĥǸʳ򽻵ʳƺҲˮɣ֮ǰ¡

ȴҡҡͷֻ˵Լ̫ġ

Ⱥζ׵£ҲΪˣŮӵ׻ӸΪǡһЩǿԣκһŮӶԸһҼơ

Ҳ֪û˼һζҽ̸ǿζҵ뷨ҲǵһЦ

ܿ춬ˡ
ϵĶ飬ʱʱ³꣬ѩûš
طҲѩģѩˣ˾ϲ⣬˾Ǻͷ

ѩˣǸսµʱ
ⶼʫ˴󷢣ʫȴֵúƽ

ŻȻ֣ʱÿѩɽһѩϡ棬ԭѾһˡ

ѩˣȻҲԶ
꣬˼ҹø֡

ĥ¶ʮ߱ͣˣмһֱ¶ʮŲűС˼ҲûʲôݣʵϢģæһ굽ͷ

ʮ壬ˡ
ڼѧǱǣҪμԣҲ׳ƵǣʱȻҪڼҶ顣

ǼǱʲôҲû˵ֻǿͿˣһ񣬹ףǸС

Դˣ˼ֱ˸ģ
ȥ鷿˵С˲٣˴˵Ǹɤţˣ˸˵

㿪ʼѰöⲹΪ˴˵ˣҪಹ
Ȼⶼлʵ㷴ù˴СΪĸоһֱǳء

ô˵أͺֻҪ³һС
ָоĪֻ˵˵̬ȻӰ˰ɣرӰ˵ˡ

죬߽鷿
⿴ƽʱºͣʵǸرˣ鷿һûǲܽġЩ˳׺һ㷢ֹ˴Ҫʰ鷿Ҫǰʹ˲֪

ʱͦ죬Ϊƽʱ鷿ͽҲû˵ʲô֪ڹһЩأǸ⡣
㣬ȻûţҲ˿Ǹ

⻭ʲô

ѵûţվһѡ
˵ţѻ£˲Ž鰸ԵĻס

Ⲣû֮ˣ㿴Ļ˵ܺãҲֵдüáƽʱһЩī֮ʲǷܶᣬŽȥԵò


㲻࿴һۣȴװ½˸ȡ

֮¡
Ҹῴ־̫ãţգ㻹ûס뿴

Ҳǻɣ˯ʱˣЩˮѵѵûѣ˯ӣ㲻֪ôǸ
ǻֻԶԶ˸ţǻһŮӡ



ﾲĵģҲܰ
ɢͷЬ鷿

һɵīζƽʱǲԣƺ
Ĵ˿Ŀڻ֮ϡ

ϡǵõ뻭׵ӣΪգڼƺףһʱҲǲλˡ
ֻƾ䣬ǵǻֽ£ڸѰſµҡ

ŴţҪҵģڷʱĪľ
ΪλǾ

ӳĿеһŮӣɢһͷīƵĳǶֻ¶˰Ų̵Ľ΢۽ǣŮƺ˯εıӣ̺졭

⻭ɫģԼñϡ
Ůǡ

ڸʲô

ͻ֮ŵһɣƮ䡣
ӦѾ⻭üٶȽ

ʱƺҲʶԼ̬ȲԣּƺˣæŻɫôܵˣ
ҡ

촽ɤɬǻŮ˭
ɫһʱѱ棬ܿסˣô⣿

˵оɤӺܸɣ󴽵ôʶģ˵Ҫ

⡪
û˵ɫҲްĪ

㿴һۣ˵ˣҾʰˡ˵꣬˾ˡ
¹⿴еĻҲ֪Щʲô

*

Ϊôһ£֮ķΧ䡣
ƽʱǰĶע⣬˿ǻһЦһС˴ﶼӶϱ֮䲻ԡ

ֲܵȥʣֻĵע⡣
ݶͶˡ

Сڳˣ
⻰Ҳ͹˴˵˵ݶϾǸëѾͷֻС

û졣˴
룬˵ˡ

Ƣе󣬲ǸˣĳҲã

һ㵽ͣϲټ޽˼ҲͲż£ƽʱûµʱҲʲôó˵ÿÿǼ䣬˴֪˲ǰǼҵ£Ҳ˸˽⡣

Ȼл˵ЩʵҲǰ飬ʲôԣ˴ﲻҪ֡
ϾŮӣɷΪϡ

˴ﵱȻҲ˼ǼûгʵҲĳˡǲᵱ˵ĲãҲûʲôãϱͦġ

ô˵ˣȻҲҪ˵һЩûо˹һЩáĵطǾСʲôìܣҲ϶ǹĲԡ

ôһҲһĹʶˣɵǳˣǷʲô£ɻǲ֪

һҲû̫á
ʵڲϰı

ҲǱͻȻ䵭ˣǽسЦһЩС

С˶ƽʱ𣬵ǰֻˣᵽü۶Ц˵۸ڶǰֳдɩƵĳ޾ϸݵݣݶĥȺǰӲڼӣ˵ʲôʲôݲ๡

˽£ʱͦԺģЩϲ
֪һףϲôԸָʹСʲôģȻֻᣬЩȫûˡ

Щ衣
̵Ҳգ»ǵ˵Ȼڶ֮˸ҡ

˵żΣεŮѺ£һʱŻµģ

ʵ˵ѣ⻹ͦģڼӣȴƭһСŮӡ
Щʵڲ֪ܵô˵Ҳ˵ѵ˵ʶ˲ܵҲ֮Ρ

ΪΣڽӶ
˵Ǹʵţÿγһûͷûβÿζ̺һŮˡ
ƺܰĽǸŮˣ֪Ϊһֱǿ̣ŪǸŮ˵ݣҲŪԼݣֻ֪ƺǸŮ˵ūͣΪһ/ū̺һŮˣ֪

ǸŮ˵ƺ˱仯һֱΪ㣬ҲΪܾĶԣŻửɵȻǳԾΪŮӵ㲻һ

ˣΪΪһˣ
ΪЩ½ĴңͰεˡ

Ϊ˼ҹΣټϱʱ㽥ѾҲͲȥˣżΣȴʲô

գ֮ԻᷭҲ֮ǰεˣȴû뵽ײ˸ţﻢ£ҪҸ˵Ӧȥ

˵ͷ
ܲţ׷ʵĴ㣬û뵽ȴЦЦԭһΪʲôڲԸ˵

̬ùЩ죬ȴҲ˿
ⲻ롣

ʲôսЩü۴ŵƤ֮ɫ
ˣæһѽ§ͺá




83.  Ѹ£ʮ壩   ǰġ

81

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ʲôҲû˵ֻ˴˽һ˴˶ɫ

ҹ
Ƿ뿿ڹ, ĥǸΡ

ⲻһ, ҲΪι˽ǳǸСżǺ, ʱ˯Żû¸ɣùЩСʲô, ￴, ġ

ϲ⽲, ƺͨЩܷǱڵһ档

Ҳ㿴, ôҪҽΣù½, żԼǲ塣
ǲΣܰŮӵǵô

ᵽһζò˺ͺ, Żһ⣬ڲ˯֮ǰ˵˵С, û뵽ͷܳȥ, 

ƺѾº, Ϳ겻ꡣ
ɷ⽿˳, Ϊһ, , ԼŮӵǰ, ͼ־͸Ѿ˵ˣϸ˵һƺҲûʲô

ĳ
˵κܻĵ, ˼ΣŻԴŮݼ¡

˵ŲǱһĨ֮ɫֻڹǰ⸱δ˿

ŮӵϤԼҲǰ
ŴԽ磬ԼĳѾģˣڿǸǵһʱ˳

⾹Ȼ֪
м䣬ȴһֱһ㳤һģһˣ

ʵǰߡ
ҲˣŻĴ̽̽⵽ǻǵȴΪĳЩϸһĹǣܵ˵ʲô

ʱȴ֪Ϊû˼䣬ڤڤ֮һǣֽΪޣͬʱȴ޵ڰʾˡ

ͻȻ¡
֪ԼڿʲôҲûоԼڿޣǹоԼǰѱʪôˣŷӦ

ûʲôŵˡһĨᣬһЦ˵ֿЦģ֡
ŵˣⲻ⡣

ŵ˵ͷ˽
ԣŵˣ

*

£ȥ˺ݡ
ݾЩԶղŵ

֮Իݣһǹ棬Ҳݼʦܼʲ
ܼʲ޹ȴʿĹֻǲϲٳ֮£ϲҰף䱾Ż磬ֽιǽһʿ

˵лƽݣҲһ仰ж鲻·Ÿδʱڼʱ٣Ķࡣ

νʶĴѧҲںݸڲܼʲѧϰ
ѧϰʲô

˶ύһЩ⣬Ҳ빦³йء
⿼ɲܿеģʲôеʱģִʲôԿʼҪʱˣȻҪʱ϶Ҫ˽һЩ¾ơ

˭εĿ٣⿼ʲôԣϲһ£ʵ޻ģϲ廪ƫģЩҪǰ˽⡣

ɹӪ
ɲܼʲ˵ͨ͸ӪҪվӸµλãȥδ֮ǰ㶼ع

ͺñ壬ȻȰ׺󣬱Ȼŵ㡣
ǻ׳־Ǻãǰչǻ׳־ʸʸûУ̸ʲô
֮࣬ЩùдǡǡҲ㣬³׵ľõŵĹҲϿŷӲȴзԲЩһԭڡ

鲻飬ҲǶ顣
Σǰݷòܼʲʦ밲ʺãҲǻЩԭ򣬲ܼʲѧ࣬˶࣬кܶ𴦵òϢ

£ȻһֱߣɱС
סڲܼҿԺﾰǰҴ壬ϰ˴ŲŲӣҲѰȤ

ʵܼңͦġ
뷨УеʦӦǸʿȴû뵽ܼҿŵǸ󻧡

ܼҵլԺ󣬹һԺȹ˼Ҵ˼ֹԺͨ԰ӣ԰нɫСˮɽʯͨģʮ

ԺרŵˣǺܵǿͣҲÿ˵Ŀȥǡ
еطɢģ㵹ҲѴʱ䡣

죬ȥ԰ͻ
ǰмĵҪŽӦûῪѰ˹

һȻˡ
졢Һ죬ϡǳۣ֣̫ƷûУ̺ͨ쿴ʮۡ

㰤ϸ˿ʱʱȥ꣬ȴûժĴ㣬ֱȥͻȻˡ

Ƕ͡
Ϊ׵ĴŶɫ÷Ƶӣ°ɫȹ٣Ƥϸ壬üĿźľ

һѾߴ磬ĿҪǷλϡ

£ԷĿһֱԼϣʵ
ǹ֮ӣ˵ķǸСѾߡ

ɫѵŮӵҺ죬ʧ񣬹˹ӵֱ
ŮӺǳѾߣΪĪΪԼ˵˭֪һתתˡ
⣬֮

֪Ϊ뷿֣֮ȡ˸С֡
Ȼⲻص㣬صǡ

ĿЩζպôŮѾ̧Ŀ˸š
߲ơ

*

ӢĿϡ
ǵһμŮȴǵһԣ͵֪Ůòʱֱֹ֪

۴ţԼɫĶԽĹӣһɫĳȹúؾûʲôΣֻ߽Ǵ׺ЩơҲֻһһӺС

ܼҵŮϲݻѵйأܼҵŮ߳ȥԹѵϸвӢԼЩŮҲɴʱԣһԼԷ֮С
ָоֲȻʶԼǴ

ܱȲԷ˵ΨһȲϵġ
Ӣ㸴ӵؿ˶Էһۣݰɡ

ҵѾ߲£ȥһѵ΢°˵˫ǰ΢΢˸Ϊֹܵõ

Ҳûֳһϻ̳Ͽ̬֮Ǵ󷽷һ񣬴ѾҺ캬ŭһۣӢֱЦŵ޷ҲһѾ߼ƽϡ

㡪
ҲͻӢҺ죬¶мĵ䲻ƷҲҪ˵Ʒĵ԰ǲ٣⣬ҿɴȥơ

Ǻε֪ʶ٣ŴŮ΢°ͣ״ǫѷʵα˴ж
ܶνŮӴҹ㣬ЩʱЩģԼ˿ˡ

˿ԼйأԼǲ²㡣

ǳ԰δȥȴ˵ǲܼרŽ԰ӣ⴦С԰ӿνֻ֮ǼľӴ˴ĿˣԼóóȻȥˡʱԷͻȻ̬ȣк岻Զ

ʱЩɺˣǲˣҽչˣЩƣǸջлܹͬͰɡ
˵꣬ǳЦŶԲӢͷ뿪ˡ

Ӣ㿴ıӰɫ졣
һֱԷԶˣҺŲ޵һ㶼û

Ӣɫְװֺ죬Ƭ̺߰ɡ




84.  Ѹ£ʮ£   ܼҡ

82

ȥһ·, Һڲޡ
˵£ڲԼϲŭû

һҰ帾, Ҳ֪ʲô˼޸˹˹ӣ
ʵλ˹, ҺҲƵϣܲס˼ġȹ˹δ֮ʱ, Ķ⣬˭֪Էзɥ, ֻܻؼТ

Ź˹Ҫ, ľԵĹѵϲ֮Ա, ׼, ׼Σ˭֪˹˹Яǰ

ϸڲϸ˵, ӢԺ˴ӵ£˵˹ӷ޶˸Ǣ, ⲻ̲ס˳ż

ҺʧԼӢĵͳ, ˶Ĭ, Էһ
ϧԷǵûʲôӦ, ƺˡ

, ֺα, ̫̫֪ȥ, һֱ, ֻʣͶˣҺ˵

Ӣ£ڹ, ˻ҧҧ´㶮ʲôǸ׵Ů׵Ը񵭲ҰףɲܼҲˣǸ̫̫ҲͰգƫƫǸѵ㡢Ľ

ܼҼҴҵ󣬼֮ȻҲ٣ܼʲһķˡ
ܼʲǲܼһѧʶΪԨвŵһˣϧԸʹȻѱȻϲڹٳϰķУȴδٳɲܼҼȻܷչʱһȻ֮ԸپͲԸٰɣܼʲͷͷҲСԲܼҲĶ档

֮䣬ཻΪοı׹ϵ
ԴŮǵǹˣеԶ˼ңļҲǰŮ룬ϸĽ˳ޣԼﶼ

ܼʲǲܼҵ࣬ҲѲףճĹ˼ԸǼ˸Ŵ󻧣Ůĸ屰һЩĶ͵в֮ˡ

˵в֮˲ãвֳĵ٣ܼʲνʿǣевţܶʱǳġ

Ӣ㡢Ľ㣬һ޸ɽĴ֮һһ޸˺֮һ
ЩͷЩԼŪģͦˣҲȷʵвţһ壬һûеҲЩ㹻ճãϧɷ£ѣĻѣҪôղżңҪôʹڼҲʲô¶ܣ֮ȫӲٳ֡

޳ƶҲͰգƫƫǲܼҳȥģɼףѣܼŮٲճҲǧٳ

˵ÿǻصңͬǽñŮ޵ʲô˼ңԵʲôʲôʲôΣмѾߣԼȴΪ׵ԣƫҪв֮ˡ

ȻǿջЦɵԼҽⱧԹöܼ֮ʲļŮ˭̸ɫ䣬±֡㡯ˡ

ʵӢϹˣ븸͵ЩӲͬ˲ܼңǸԾͻʫԣҲȥֳϣȴ٣ʱڷ顣

Ӣǰ޹⣬˵Ǹʵġ
֪ʵ˵򵥣ܴӲܼʲеõۣǵԷֱɣĶ֪ͣǺεȲˡ

˵ܼʲѧ֪òܼʲͲѣϲҲѣֻĳͶãѧȴ̫̫ѡ
ܼʲһѧѾǳƷĴԱˡ

ЩֻǹпܼԼȴܼʲιܼǸԣ֮ңٲȥȥһЩīͣЩ˼ʹˣҲǸĳ磬ǸʲôʫȵȣֻܱͣӴ˵صķǼΪ֮˷ɡ

Ӣ֪֮ЩƤëҲΪǰСڲܼʲǰ
ĸŮδ֮£ȹТɲӢһñ߹ģ˭֪ǹȴڼгס

λ˹ȴˣѵ㡪
ʣµĻҺû˵꣬Ӣɫȴѿβŵˣ֪

ˣҺڷһЩġ
ʵҲ뷨ѵöһģ˭֪ԷȴˣԹݣҲȥС֮¹ֻƽŻȥ˶Էһ档

ϣ뿪
ҺҪҪһᣬȻǺ󻰡

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֮˵ɣǲλڻ¶϶ϾǱ߻һֱŹӣҲ²⡣ܼʲų

һɫĹۣŸ٣ǼݵģҲµʿκʱڵʿ
棬عǶĶԱȡ

ǣʦ

ܼʲֳҡͷͬʱ֣аɣأҲҿ˵㣬ᣬСͷǺ²٣ɱɵˡ
Ȼᣬʦġ

⻹ǸɽģĵԵɣܼʲЩڨڨվŽϵľ죬һҡһεسȥˡ

ϰʦĲһ񣬵Ҳû죬һֱĿӰʧվʧЦ£뿪ˡ

ܼʲվι񣬾ŴӣŶе
۽ƳѧıӰһ߶һҡͷϧˡ˵˺ü

̺ʹӲ⣬ʵүʲôϧˡ
ܼʲƳһۣĶ˦˦ˡ

ԶˣʹӻͷһͬʹӴˡ
˵ү˵ʲôϧˣ

˰һۣȻ˸ơ
˵
꣬С㣬ûţ

˵ʹһ߱Ȼƣһָָʧķţ˵ү⡭λ˹ӲѾˡ
ԲŻ˵ϧˣ£ʵ²Ҫʡ

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صסʦ˵Ǹ
ڼжʱЩѾѸòϢȫˣʦ˵λʵǲǡ

֪һȴ£޲ʥϵۣλ
⵹Ҳûж룬ЩνϢЩͶ£еĿԻһЩ˵״Ӳǡ

߽ţÿڴµĹϳģһǷʲô
ôˣ
ûʲô

Ƴһۡ
ˣæʵҲûʲôҷһλ

һλü
һɫѡ

ʵѾŲ³˶Էݣ֮ǰֱ˵˲ܹǵ˶ԷݣɵŹ⣬ȴԣϾáô˽Ще顣

λֵͦģȻȥ԰ͻһ죬Ҳǹˣˡһ˵ţһڿĶ

Ī˲ܼҵλ
𣿡

ͷݵģ㣬㵹ǿǰȥλԸǸദˡ
⻰ü֪Ǹദˣ

ֻԶԶƼһΣʦŮʦ񡣡һﾻһ˵ţȻûƼı顣

գգۡ
ӹķӦѿƺԴŮ⣬Щӡ󲻹ΪʦǰֹһΡ

ٽϽͶ˵ı֣ЩҲζҲͲѲ³Ĵ硣
Ҳ˵⾻ֻɫֵֹġ

ôˣ̽̽Ķͷ
û£ǾûšŹǷ˵ˣǺʱң

һ£ǻ£ǻȥһ˲ѣǻȥ¹˼ҪҴ㲻أǽٹ飬㿴Σ

ʵҲ뷨ۿɼܼʲԹѧܵסҲûʲô

ǰǸŮ˹֪Щʿֵķ
ЩʿϲţǵĻԼ塢סʦΪϵ̸ڣ֦ͬõ벻ĵطܳϹϵ

ʦΪ֮ҵΪʦѧҵΪʦҲΪʦ˿ٵ㣬ҲʦֳʦԾʦʦΪ֮أԶһΪʦΪָĴˡ

֮ڲܼʲ͹⣬ҲͬͶ

ϵ׽һ̶ȣʦΪΣ䱳ȣԺѧ˹ٳⶼϵĻ֡

ԼЩˣΪڵĹԶЩ̶ȣǡ

쵽ôˣֵֹġ̲סֵ
Ҿ룬һֱסɺãϾԼļңһʱݾҲͰգס

ԭڵЩʧЦ㵹õǣǰڴ˳ӣҲ˵⡣

˵ţƺҲǲǽ췢ʲôôͻȻ˵ǲλ˵ʲôĻ߸ɫ

ǵûУҾѰ˼ǰδɼҵݾʦҲǲɣѳɼңϼҴڵģƺ

˵ԥԥƺЩݣ⻰ùɫ
΢˼£˵ͦеˡסջºķ̫࣬ҳȥѰһطݾӣ޵ӣǾͰȥ

ⷨӵǲҲͦãһ㶨˴¡




85.  Ѹ£ʮߣ   

83

ҲǸж, û˵ҵطˡ
ȥһ̫ƫȡ, һСԺ, ʲȫס, ʲô

˵һλ˰Ѱĵط, Ҳѵ, һֱšԷ, ǹ˵, ΢Щ͵Ǹ˼

⵹Щϲ⡣
ݲǺޱȡʱ˵ݾס, ӿǹͷʡˡ

ҲѵõľɣֻҪһ뵽δҪס, ֻǶˣڴ
Ժתת, Ҫʲô, òŻزܼҡ

, ȥ˲ܼʲ, Ѿ˵طס¡
ܼʲܲ, ҲЩΪιҪȥסܼҼҴҵ, ˲, ˶סοԼѧ

֮ʲô֮
ʦҪ, ѧֻǾüѳɼҵ߶ʦЩ̫ʣѧרĶ飬Աԡʦģпѧġ

ܼʲ룬ƺҲЩˡ
ιǸֵˣö֮Ｘնšżǿ֮ͣΪѧⲻ˱ѰͣҲȷʵЩˡ

ҲܼʲԹ⻹Щ˽⣬ѧ￴ԣʵԼ⣬Ȼ˵ˣͱʾѾˡ

аɣ㿴㼸ʱߣòܴ㣬Ҳ֪ĶšܴķĹ£רķһ
ա

֮ʦ˵Щ뿪ˡ

ܼʲĬĬ˼˻˰Ѳܴ
ܴ΢Ҳû˵ǰȥ˿ԺǹӼһ档

⻰ܼʲü
䲻ϲ񣬵õʿֳʿͷͲɵġ

֮ǰȷʵ֮ΪĴ㣬󷽣֮ɼպǰ;ûŮһŮҲġûԣ֮ǰҲŮ˭֪Էҷɥ£Я˼Ҿ죬Щϧľѳ۵ö롣

뵽ܼʲɱҲ뵽뵽ƽʱԼǰ⣬ʲô׵ġ
ҵ٣ʲôʱ˲ˣ

𿴲ܼʲƽʱ¿ͣǰһƺûʲôӣŭƲܼû˲¡
ܴûֻ֨ǰ봹ͷ

˻ܼʲ˰ֵգ֮׼Щǣȥ˿ʲôȱģҲϡ
ǣү

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һУǲ֪ڶǱ뿪˲ܼҡ
ܴר˱˳Ѷ͵˵طҲû˷ԸļС˾ͰĶʰɾˡ

Ѳܴߺ󣬻еĬ
вҲûֱʡ

˻ϣʦҪ롣
Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôĥԴǣͻȻֵ˵ͦԣʦѳɼҵעЩΪá

ʺţʲôʱ˵⻰ˣ
ʧЦص˵Ǽ⣬˵ģԼġ

֪󣬱ʱ볯ӵĵܼ֮ڵⷽһЩܵѹ֮˷׷⵽ѹǱΨǡľУӹһ١

ˣҲ̫ùҲǺץסһλŵԷ֮һʰ̤ƽ֮·
ȻҲûܼʲݰ֮⣬˲ܼһѡ

ǺܾúܾԺˡ

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緹ʱŷԼе㲻ԡ
һ뵰Ϲճȥİӣ͵緹ˣȴüʱŵǹɵζһˮû

Ϊǿ̣ˮǻ㼱æܳһǺţᶼǹɻ֮˳

ôˣ

￴Ĺ󣬴æ߳
ֻĻ֣仰˵ı˳һߴӣݸᡣ

˺ðΣǹܾȥ㳤һվֱӡ
û£ͻȻġ

˵ͻȻͣˣЩ㶡
ǲ̹ͻɻ緹ǡ

ȹⰴԣѵú˹û˵ǰű֡
ͬʱȴǿϲġ

û֪ô¡
ҲûֱӺ͹˵˳Թ緹ȥŹˡ

ȴûֱȥУȥҽݡ
Ӻ߳ҽݣ㵹ͦ򶨣ɵˣ߳ͬͬţһѣŻع

͸ȥţһˡ
Ͳ˰ɣǹ¾ͻȥαػ

˵ô˵˴ﻹˡ
ûֹ⣬ҲϸԴ֪к󣬹ʲôˡ

ҲԼӦרĶ飬һļ£˵Ҫˮ޲ö˵ֱϡ
ߺ޲㼸ο鶼ãѰ˼ˡ

ôȥɲɣǵ

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˴ܿ͵ˡ
һˣѧͲݶڼչԡ

⻹Ѱ˼˴ûһ˳ԶţԸѰĵ˭֪Լˡ

ǸźζҵĴģͲͬ·ˣζר˰˴ֽϰ·϶տĵַ˴Ѱ˴͹ˡ˵һµӣûǮûˣΣҲǲҡ

˵û벻⣬£ǿЦ˵׹˴ֻܶ´οɲˣʲôҲ˵

й˴ڣӾ˳ˡ
˴֪ӵΪͰѶѵһ٣˵̫С˵еĸ˲ɲͣҲܾôŲȻԺ󲻺

ķҲٻǸˣղڣóȴ̸ϡ˴˼еһУֻŻʳˡ

Ӿôȥˣתۼٽ˿֮ա

ڿ֮ǰݳ㿪ʼصĿ
Ŀջסˣɲõ᷿ҲظĿס

˴һٸ̾ǶԵģѾûطסˣɸĿڲͣݳӿ롣֪Щ֮ûطסģѾصĿסѯʽס֮¡

ڵӣкüҶס˿ҪӵģҼ۸񲻷ƣƽʱͷסջˡ
˼Ҳʹȴ˴ԼлиΪɾˡ

ҲЩһΪʰ뿼
ԲͬҪһգҲǾ졣

ڼÿɳҲ˵ÿҪڹԺգԺ˯Ժû˸ҲûдһжԼ׼
˯ҲͰգֻҪб죬Ҹض˯ɳԷָô죬ȻҪˣνأǲǻҪ¯ӣ

ûо飬޴֡
ǲܴٴε鷳

ܴһһϵȵıīֽ⣬˵ǲܼʲרŷԸġһСӣ빱Ժر֮һЩע

繱Ժﲻܴ̫ӵĳʳԼΪ빱ԺǰѼ켫ΪϿȥκζᱻ飬һͷ˿ûмд

ҲϷÿ빱Ժһɽ٣߲ɽȻðȥƾʲô
Ȼⶼл

ⱾСӵѣټϹҲмλֹһβμӹԣȥĶо飬Щ̸֮ɱ

͹˴԰ѹͽԺģȹԺŹرպ˲Ź飬صҺЩϰߡ
һǵǣҲǼͻȻ˸ˡ

տνǶ꣬˴ÿ춼ȥԺƣΪ˵ǰĹء
㵹ûȥǵ˴ҪȥԺŸȥˡ

ҲǴɣûãԺžʹˡ
űڣ˵ʲôͷŲʣ˼ҼȺҲҪ̫̫ӣ˵ʲô

ʱǿʮһͬ߳Ĺ⡣
ȥãɫЩ԰ף˻ͦġ

˲ö˵һͬؼҡ
˴æȥȳ˷󣬹ͻ˯ˣ˭ҴΪ컹еڶ
ôڣεԲա

ǵȽˣһԶǾ³ŰҲ˵ҪʮղŻŰ




86.  Ѹ£ʮˣ   £һ

84

˯, Ż
֮ŻѣһгԪģǵ⴦ӵˡ

ò, һַ̬֮, ǺݸˣҾԣ, ѹʶ, Լǲܾܾ
Ҳ˳ȥ, ʹ, ȥһЩʫᡢƻ֮ࡣ

ȻҲǱôһ˵, ʵŲμԵĿȵŰ֮ߣЩ˻Ǿһ̸, Ǳȶ¡Щ˴Ҳղ󣬳Ⱥӵĳûڸ¥¥ȻҲǲٵ, ٲȻһķ̬֮

õ˵Ļ˵Ƿˡ
ҲǼ, ֮ǧ˰̬, Ŀ, ЦԷǡ

ҲһڹᵽŮҵ֬ζ, ֪¡
⻹, ۼܲʵ˵Ǳȥ˻, ԭǲ֪ǻ, ˮ֮ƣȻˮϵΪν¥ȻҲ½, ҲΪЩȤ֮ᵽϡ

ЩȥͨҲΪļҸõ˽ֻЩ̽صǲܴϸ֦ĩڿߡҲ˴ŷ֣ʱ˼ƣ֮ҽˣʱһѣϲȾ֬ζ

ùĻʱЩˣҲںЩųԪһλ˵棬Ҳȥֳϡ

ϲֳϣҵ˵ʲôǰ㲻룬Ԫֻҡ

㲢ĻҲеһЩŵӶ֮ϵһ𣬶Ȼ˼ҵŮ

νӷӣȻɫҡ˵˭˭ǵͬΪıˡ

ȲϲԺǳȥ¶㲻⼸ձ㲻ˡ˵

üһۣ⻰̽ζüʱղգգۣùЩ̿סˡ

Ǳ㲻šȥ
㣬Ĭ

֮ǰѵһأǵ㲻죬ȻҲɢˣ֮˻ڼп飬ǴŹ˴һͬ治ᡣ

һֱŰһգűˡ
ǳԪ

ݳòеȣһīɫгֳһȣŴ֪Ҿ
͵ܣôסһͬȥ⼸ȥĶˣѰ˼أǼˡվ󣬳Ԫ㼱˵

⿴˿ܵ㣬ŵĸԴ󣬱ûôţѵһˣȻҪĴ

Ԫÿɷֻһͬţպù⴩뱾Ҳţתȥ˵һ˱һˡ

ߺһֱæĹ˴ҲЩסˣʱʱſ
ֲǲʶɫῴʲôҪҲȥ

У㻳ӣ˿϶ܶࡣ˴￴˿ϱʱûԻĶ˵
⵹£̥Ҳˣǲ˶ĵطȺ߾ǡ

֮˴ȥѣϱһͬŲᡣ

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Ϻ֣Կƽʱ˶಻١ʵ϶֪ǷŰգһΣɲȫǰնעš

ԽԺߣȺԽӵ¡
ҲǴɣǡǡԽ˶ĵطʳˮСԵ̯ˣĽһƬ֮

ʼϱ˻֪ߣɽԽԽˣͱܲˣߵ󼸺˰ˣ㱻߲֪˭ײ£ûȴѹ˴ﾪһ亹Ŷϱȥ

۲ȥˣذɡҪôУҲ˲ˡ

ҲʶȷʵȥˣҲû˵ʲô
һ·ߣȥЩˡ

Ϊ˴£Ҳԣȴû򶹸ȴСҲ֪ڹʲô

ζ˵ʲôãĬĬһ߰ժˣһϢ
⴦լȡ˵ľҲڣɴûôƺס˶ȥˡ

緹ܿˣ˴ֻöϱԣöӣԼȴֲֻͷ״æµʵʲôҲûɡ

ڣҲԲˣ¿ӣ̾˿ֻ֪ǷŰܲʵ˽

˶ϱĻ˴£ƺЩ˼Χȹ˲֣֮˽ǰ¡

˵õҲǣħˣʵҾʱҲˣ˽ӦҲˣôأ

ⲻѴ

˷һͬȥģǳȥһ˶Ȼٲˣָڱ˽ȥȾˡ

˴ҲЩ֮ƣֻܵ˵ͷ
ͱ²ˣú÷ɣ緹ûôԣٲôܵˣ

ǵ£Ǹ˼޹أǾҲ㣬ȰԼܺˣľ

ʢ뷹ѿӺŽ˴
ϱദǢ˴Ҳϰ˶ϱǸģʱʱҲʮãϱһ÷һ˵Щлһ֮ǰŵա

˲֪ȷʵˣҲûȫС
ͳԪȥˣȴȥˣȵ˹Ժ棬ϱͬȵľ

ÿʱ˼ɵ˹ǱĿ꣬ԽǿԺͷȺԽӵ
ñӵˣǸЬȵˣ˳ţʮɨˡ
ɨҲＷ

ʵüǰȥˣֻôˣһʱҲѰ

˶࣬ζӣڲϻʢʱٽ磬ټͷͷϣ˶ȣɲǸϡŹֵζˡ

Ԫ˵ʱֱڱǡ

Ҹط¾򡣡΢üʵܲܵһʱ֪ôأǶѶ¡

ʵ⻰Ѿһ˵ˣǵڶΡֻǵһγԪƺûһͬü˿ͬ飬βŲĵص˵ͷ
Ｗף͸ˣ˾ţ֮˲߳

Ԫ˷ñӣϵ׹ӣչȣȥ¥
˵ţȺֵײײʿģԪ͹۾һк֣֣Ҳ񣿡

˫ʩ񣬻ֻص
ǼԪر𲻿˼顣

ԪҾôҲǰ˵ԪҲǵһβμˣ˵ǵڶأһ˵ͼʣôͣ
Ԫôͣ

˵磬ƽʱٲһѧʣÿÿʲôɬѽ֮⣬֮Եĵ㲦éٿ֮СټϹˣƼԣȴһʦͲȴԶ˳ȡ

˵ˣЩ˵ʿӰˣټٵԣƽʱǴ겻ڻ£˽˶

ԪȻҲ⣬֮ǰһΣΪܵӰ죬ƺҲƽš

ټһ֮ǰ͹ʱֹ̽ʱֱ̾
ԶͷԼҲ͹ܶˡ

ⲻ¿մ֡ԪȻƺڼ˹һۣɹƺѰ죬˿

˵Ҫȥ¥ͬȥ
ȥ¥ûеط˰ɣһԡ

һûطһУ˵˵ǲǣһЦ

˵Ԫǰ˱λãһ񣬵Щȴϸ⼸֮ԻͬȥǴȤҲƽʱûóԪԩͷԲȹ˵ġ
¾ͽԸ˭ԩͷ治ö֪

ԪͼҾԣƽʱִŹˣύķˣҲ࣬ںһƬҲǴȻҲи֮
֮йأйأǾͲö֪ˡ




87.  Ѹ£ʮţ   £

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˵, һͬȥ¥ڼͳԪɢСҲҹˣԪѰǰȥ, Сֻҡͷ, Ҳˡ

¥Ȼӯ
ԪϹ˿, ǰк˵ģƹǸǰ˸ط, ȴûż, ֻж¥һٴλÿ

˰㵹Ҳ, Ͼʱͬա
¥֮ȡ, Իưֳƹʱ˶ٽЩͷ, ¥֮ǰͷˣЩʿƽʱס, Ȼٲ÷ȾƣʱŪطʵס

, Ҳ
С˲ˮ, ȥæȥˡ

һƬ֮, Ȼٲ, һк֪ȥ޹Ź, 㶼ǳЦѡ

˵ͽ͹, ЩʵкǶ汻߻, ֺαȥǰͷڴ˺ȲԾƾȻ˱š

˵, ԶרŰæ֮ˡ
Щ˶ǳһЩкÿ굽˷ŰգЩ˴׬һʵʱ򣬼˺Щ˻γ˹ģʱɡ

Ϊ͡
ŰɲͬһԣɽЩһ֮޷ܿоˣǿϲ¡

˵Ĵϲú֪꣬ҹʱ
㲻Ľ񣬵ҲͨϲᲢۣоð̡

֮£ȻǮ١
ʮϰǶеġ

ʵⶼ⻰Ҳǿб֮˴¥¾Ŵۣ𣬳Ԫ˵ġ

Ԫǵˣֽιʶ㣬𡮹šʤҲԸ˵
Ҳ¥￴ƴҶڳԲ裬ʵڵȱЩ˵һ³ͽǲѣЩתעҲǺõġ

ԣݸһȡ76ˡ
ϢǱǰ͸¶ģǼ⣬ȻԼ·ÿηһη꣬ǴӺǰԺǰһΰǾɢȥⱨһΡ

ʱͬУǱ߸ܿ˻ûȥϢѾˡ
¥⣬ۼĶǺӵܣҲǸЩȻ©´˵أԪҲº¥˵ġ

˵Ż
ŴĿյضʱվˣԪ͹ٴҲȥ

ֻ¥²Զһ˷˴⼸˾㶼źͷȴź첼ϲù࣬ǸҲǺǰдټһ֡

̡Ľ
Ҳ֪˭ˡ
Ӧò⣬ƣȥˡ

ټһݸԲܾ¥һһ˺ܿ;¥ԶȥͽڶĿһֱĿӵʧ
ȻҲ˴ſֵ˼ž͹ȥˣԵһ߹ȥжݵƽ

𿴳Ԫ򶨣ʵͣӵĶܿƽ˼棬ΪҲԼһ㡣
ʵҲǣ⵽ͲͷһβμԣԼʹֵƽĶ

͵ܵҲõǣ͵αС

һʱЩȻô˵

ǸصģҲû¶飬ͬ䲻ԪΪηŴ˺ԣ׻˵ֶ̣һĻȫǳԪһ˳еûһǮôõϵȵĲ裬Ȼ߸˵û

ʱκ˶ᴥ˵ġùͷȻֻ˺õ˵ֻû˻ᵱ棬ͼͷҲͰգ˭֪߻ûӦվ˳

Բѣ

ĶչȥʱϺ¥϶˶ݵİͻ֮ʱס˵Ŀ⡣

ʵҷҲûкԳԪǾ䡮͵αСû˵ɻ£֮ͬ以˵ЩĻ䡮ԲѡЩˣǹԡ

Ҳ˵ԵЦͶԪȻΧ۵Ƕˡ

ⲻǻ𣿡һӵʿԴƼžңң֡˹֣Ȼǡ֡ʶġ

֡Ƶ¹ֻһɴ̬֮

ͬʱԪһվ
ջƵģʲô˼

ƵµƳһۣջֶյһڵҲ˵Щ˴Բѣѵ͵Ϊ˵㣿

̬޲ʾһֿ⣬˵óԪҪᣬ̬ȴô£ЩζǾ䡮͵ܡģǸ˶̲ˡ

ȻԪˣҪҪȥ硣
һסҡҡͷ

͵ܣЩԹֻû뵽㡣Ԫɫѿ

ԹΣǲֻ֪λ֡ẕֿ̇˷ֹҲ磬ǸСˡ
ӣСˣ˵һ֮ؽ֦

һƵ¼˳Ԫ󣬱λʿ˵ǲǹ̬֮ԪѾʧȻʧȻȥۣܱ粻ӮѾ²㣬αȥȡ衣

ѹеԳԪƣԪҲԵģͷ͵˵ǣֵС˼ƽһʱ̣ˡ

˻ΣԪû˵ҲûʣͬһۣȤһ˴һ仰ǰԽȥˡ

һͷƵ¼Ԫǵû磬һ˵ģһĨ

Ҳ˵ߣŵһӱ֮˾·Դ˿£ʱʱԶ˷ɢȥ¥ģѾȥˣ¥δ⡯

֪¥ںݳЩԵĿǼ΢ЩǮƵģȾ¥

˵¥ĶңΪ˸¥һЩĲסⷿǮģ˲Ż㼯֮أÿԣס¥оٵռߣʮҪռȻס¥ϲй֮˵

ɽҲˣδһˡ
¥֮˾˽ɲϵ¥棬ҲǹϵԼ¡

ⷢǴӺǰλֻĵȴǡ
˵¥Ķƹ

Ҳݣ⻰ܰ˵ģܾﶼһ˲ţȻߣںȱȵȻ󱨡
˭ϣԼøǰΣ˵Ԫ徭Ҳͦġ

ƹҲǻˣ֮˵˻Ƹ裬Щ˹̡
ҲĴ֮˼ʱѾˣƵ˷Ͼƣһһߵȣʱ䵹ѹ

֮ʣһԶԶ
ԽԽ̲סȥ߿ˣһϲǳġ

ˣ
ǣ

¥ĴƹѾŻƳȥӭˡ
ǰɲ̬¥ʲô࣬оٵľӶ࣬ɽҲ˹֣¥û⡯ƹڸƹû¶Ҳͦģⲻһлϲʤӭ˳ȥ

ǱԼ˾ٻҪˡ

γ󣬺γڴ˴𱨰֮˻ûţͳʵ
γ󣡿һλкγү

һ䴫һ䣬һһϴ˶¥λںĸ¥ԼԺ
ѯţһ¥߽ǴһϵˣγѰվ

ҽкγ󡣡
Ǻγ󣿡

Ǻγô˰첻Ӧܱ֮˷׷˵мԹ֮ɫǻȻɦɦԣȴǵȥ˵

Ǹˡ
ϲϲ

γһ£Ҳ֪ΣһӵڵأԱиͯģæȥһȳһձ˷֮ǰѾȥһˣʶûҵˣƹƹָָγ󣬻Ĩһͷ

ڵģȴ֨ü¥¥ԺǰԺң

Ǻγ󣬺ү
ǣǡ
ᣬ䡭

ȷ˼֮ҶˡֱϽʵڶ࣬ⲻͬͬյģ֮ҪȥԺȥٸˣ񱨴˿ǻ׷ȻҪĽ

ϲүϲʢʮ㽭Եʮ
ãá

γ˵е£ǼģֽŶ֪Ķţվߵͯͱһ£ŷӦ򱨰ۡ

Ĳ˲ŵγˣ޳ͭǮԼжʮһѶ˱ˡ

ͣͣǮ

ϵӶ͸ˣ˻˵üּۣߵ˷׷ϲŲ޻ѣֻûƼɳȥ

Уأ
ʼΪֱ֢Ӻ漷һ֪ͯǻ

γȥүϲٳԾǮҰˡ
ѵľƲ˳ԣϲиеͯԼү˴󷽣۵ȥͷӣͲϸ





88.  Ѹ£ʮ   

86

ͷһ, ֮¥·˹Ƶģ߸ձǱˡ
Цϲûͣ¹¥¥Χȫˡ

˻ϲ˳, û˷, ̫࣬Ҳ˷
ۼѾʮ, £ȡʮҲ˵жʮ, ôһ, ԼķݶԽЩûеϵЦԽǿ

Ҿ˵Щ˴Բ, ֪Ｘ, ͶУͽЦ

¥, ¥Ҫ࣬ԻƵ´һ¥ϴ˶ˡ
ȻҲԪ, ꣬ʱ˻Ƶ֮, Ȼ

֮ͬס, û, ׻˵һɶ, ˱оԹ, һ, ͲԸ

ƵǸҸǰɣ

ԪͻƵ¶Ǻݸʿ, ڵʿҲСȻҲʲôԹ
˵ԹʵҲЩ¹֥, 󲻹һ°Ե㣬һ߶ԷͷֲֳŰƲ϶Էͻһζͳ˻Թ

˵¥ʶ˵Ĳ٣˵ϻҲ٣ʱԪһҪɼܵӣ׷׶վȰ衣

Ǻαء
õӡ

Ҳǡ
ҲǺȶ˾ƣֽͺһɡ

˵Ԫĸ꣬ƵºγˣȻƽʱԪлԹҲ౳ʹЩУ򲻻ײϡ

ɱһǧ˰ٵԸ
ҲԼˮƽۼͷˣԼеĿԽԽС̲סŭй

ǱңȻ֪Ǹʲôӣڶιƣ˹͵ûƽϣһҿĲ

Ԫӣӡ
ʵҲȾˣ˾Ʋˣﲻʹͽź˼ƾͷ˵ʲô

ļƵϵ˶ȰˣȰٲ˵Щ̫ˡ

ּû˼ֻԪͬ飬˶һۣվҲǻ飬˷ֿȥȥȰԪȥԪ˵ǴƵ²˵Щôһⶼ˸ˣ

У¥һζ¥ϵ˵û̫⡣
˭ңһʰ

֡
Ԫðӣתͷһǹ⡣

͵ܣѵҲҪȰң
£

ȥ
Ԫ¥гԪү

ʵ˼ȻˣȻ϶⴦ֻǽ¥ԱӣΪ˿ҵо֮ˣŻ㡣
ϾǽҪüʮֽգȻá

ܿлѰ¥
ү

óΧһŵ˶˿
ңԪе㷢£ָָԼ

ƼȻܸԪȻʶһסͼߡ
ϲ£үСȥ

УԪµģϲС͸˴ͣ˵ϲֻص¥
ǺγʱȡЦ˵̫ʧ̬ʵֵԼҲûõĶȥ

һһϲУǻƵ
ϵ˶ϯˣΧڳԪ߷׷ףأ֮ǰڳЦ˴Բѣʱǻһƺݺݵشϡ

ۣ졣

ԪӦϲˣ⡣ʱ˷֮У͵ܣҶУȻС

˵⻰޵ķʸڶԼУ϶ǵйءʱǵָֹ˼·ˣУû⡮ʦС

֮ȴĻмִζ
Ҳ֪¥ù˻ô֮ϲ

Ԫ˵ʮѾˣɰΪ¥֪ΪǱĶŹȥоٵǸɾ¥Ǽҿջ

ӣȥ̽̽Ҽȥ
ԪԸˣָ⵹ƣ͵ܱ𼱣͵徭֮ţȶԼڲˣһ

ЩʧЦγԪ֮µ
ʧûôأãǲСҲ³ǣֻ֮ǰչͱҪƳЩˡ

ʵûеʧģֻǾôʱĵȴ˻ϲǣ·𿴱̬Լ׼

֮ǰȥһβܼңʦҲ˵Щ㲦֮ԣѧٳ̬ȣ޵üӡ

Щ˲Уǲ鲻еѣеǡʱʵⳡ֮о͵õ˲ĵᣬڹԺͻȻкֹڱž̧˳ȥãֵ©ĺŷܺԻû֧Ųȥˡ

ʱҲҲ֮Ҳ֮ټŬǣᡣ

ʵøԶУоٱȻʤ׷ϸ괺ǣʱٲߣûУŴˡ
ԵʧԶˣȻҲûгԪΪĽơ

ֻ⻰ҲԪ˵ͬ⼸ҲԼˮƽȻʱûϲȻûˣ̬Ǻ̸֮ͬȰƣһͨԺȺ٩ƺҲûôˡ

Ե֮󱨵ڶ¥оˣҷûôɥˡ
ϲ֮ǰ뿪Ҳˡ

үСû񣬲˵ͷԪѾˣʱǱĶ飬СĲһ򡣡

ȻһǾͲ¥ˣ˵ιûУ

ԪɫЩѿ
Ųӣүȥ⡣

ʵлû˵ѾѰ˵үЩȥүλ˹ӹϵ׽ҵΪԪˣԼүＸģжٺλ˹йأ֮ǰү͹˹һѧʱû©¡

үˣ˹ûУ֪ү鲻䣬ɲ˵ġ

ֲˣ޵ܷžƱ
Ԫ̾˿ܿ¶ЦݣĹ˼˵ʲô

գó͵Ǹؿ֮ˣ˵ʲôο֮ԣԵҽ顣ҾͲ˵´һҪǰ֪һʱҲӣסּС

ʱһ˾Цһ
ǻƵ¡

֮ǰһֱƾƺȵڶʱŽԪѳҲͲٴȥˡȻû©³ԪߵĶʱٸԪһ¡

Ԫɫ
æվסּԼĪҪæ޵Ҳûؼȥˡ

ʲôæ󲻹ǼЩڡˣҲȵòˣ͵ܻȥ
˵ţֶǼ˵ǼԾƣһʹŵӺ͹ˡ

·ϣ˵ԼԻȥһ߳жнţǡģҪ͡
ɳԪҪ֣Ҳ¹浭дҲܣ³ʲô£Ӳ˵ԼŪģȻҪͻȥҲõϱԹ

˹Ҳ˵ʲôֻ

ڵӣһƬ֮ȥΧŵȺ֮֮ܿɫ
ɫ˿ɲİ֮ǰÿɫ֣ʹһ˸ˡ

Ī˾٣ǽԪ

𷽲ŵԣԼЩ֮䲻ӿŲ
û߼һ˼߹

һæӭȥ
˴ײˣ̧ͷ

ȥôô
ˣһȥһȺ˵㡣

һǿʵ˵ȶӣ
ˣѾ˺һˣһֱأҾʹæ㡭

˴˵ûͷûԣó漱ˣѾ˵ˣѾǰͷȺվĴ

վݵĴǰ
ϲүϲʢʮ㽭ͷԪ




89.  Ѹ£ʮһ   ӿ

87

һҡ
Χʵ̫, У˵ӣû˴ͷһ, ʵûо, ֱͬӵЩŵϲϲǮǳԪġ

ɢ, ҪԪҪ, ˵˵Ҫ͹, ˹ֻա
Ҿε, ԪҲǸɽ֮, ˽鲻֮ͬǰǲض˵

ϲһֱɢȥ, нסĿǱͺ֪ܶ࣬о˸нԪȻһһϲ
¹ϲʶ, ٻ죬ԵԺлָƽʱ, Ѿˡ

ٳȥ򲻵, зʣ, һȾһ, ҲûںЩ
ȳ԰շ, һ, ˴˵ʲô, ȴһʱ˵ּ¶ƣɫöӶϱȻطЪϢ

㱾۵ò, һ죬Ҳһȥˮϴ

ϴˣ˵еۣ㽫§ڻһһ˵лͻȻԺ

⵱ȵ˴⿴˿
꣬صϡ

˵
ɫЩӣ˵ˡԭ˴ԺֽǮأһһ߿ޡ

ڸοǲȥţ뵱֪ǡ
ȹ˴˷˵¡

ôֻʮղܹ顣

ûȻͷˣ˲Ҫȥøˣ¹硢ҪμӣҪȥݼ٣ܼǱҲȥԹ⻹еæ

Ȼ֮չæýŲմأÿ춼ǰճҲŹ飬żϻž
Ҳʵ̫࣬һͶʿ壬ճ˸½ԪܵýԪģ˵ҲΪǸųֱ콵˲ŵȥ£

֪֮⻹иʦǲܼʲûֹ˷£ܼʲôҲ˲֪֪Ҳ٣ܼڽһͷɴͷҲֹܼһ

˵ܼҶ㲻ϣ֪ܳƵҵģҪôشĴϣ˵Ҫм꣬ҪϣҪд֮ˣҪôΪ٣ϲ;

ܼҲǸ֮ң汲ԣ˼ˣŹ໤ڼԽԽ󣬼ȻԽԽʢ
Թʿụ̃ĩģûʵܻסĸ

Щܼѽĩ·һ˸ܼʲòֲܼʢ˼ʮꡣ
һܼõóֵĺһˣܼʲǹ㽻Ե֪ʲôãȲܼʲˣЩȻҲˣҲüʮܼҾûˡ

ֹ˶ܼҲܼʲ

ԼѧǷӣû뵽õԪ˸֮̾࣬ﲻûкڵȻйΪӦΪǿ
˵ЩˣҲ˵ȢޣδȢһŮҲϡ

˵Ҳ⼸ý̫࣬˴˲ܼʲǰΪ˵һȢҲǴӲܼģ֮Ǿ˴󲿷˵뷨
Ҳ˵Ǵ󲿷ˣһСִ֪֮޳ƶ˵㿷֮ҲΪðͷֱ˿УͣȢʵҲǲܡ

⻹գǶ飬ȴ飬Ҳоٿʼ͸ַչԼˣֹͬͬͬϵڹٳϱκιϵø׽һЩ
ҲٶջĺãԤʮջδ꣬Ӻĸ׷ˡ

Ȼ㷵磬ȻҪ֪ܼǱһ
Ͼܼʲʦ

˵˷֮⣬ܼʲҲû˵ģֻѯ˼֮Ĵ㣬ȥˡ
ߺ󣬲ܼʲ¶ӵɫ

ʦ佻̸̣ܼʲܲѧͻȻǱԵɡ
⼸նΧѧķֻ꣬Թۣδв֣δû֮̽ġ

֮࣬ҲԲ֮ڼΪ˴̹Ů䵭óңȷʵҲЩ˵Ҳ֮ġ
һŲʮ֮ĽԪǺεš

̵ֻֻвܼʲνĽ̵Ҳֻռʮ֮һ
ʹӣϲѧѧûʮҲʮ˵Щ޷ֵġ

νĹԵ£ٲ˽ġ
ܼҺˣ䡮ҰסȫȻ޸У԰ѧ㽻ˣЩ˰ܼҿ԰һЩֻٸܼҶһЩʱͥĺ󱲡

μʱ԰Ը񣬽ҲʡǺӵʦʦ֮ԹѵԵʦ֮鵭ƽֲźۼ磬޻Ȼټһ˼

գվӢǺûи
ֻԺҪһַʽˡ

ǽ̸̣ܼʲܸоԼ⼸ԹۣƲм

ʦ֮鲻ԵǾֻ֮ǣ
;Զǹٳٳ֮ǣټʦ֮飬ֻҪܼҴĳ´պ󷢴ﲻ֪ͼ

ڹԸм˽ġ

ܼʲﶺ˼ȴܵǧ֮⣬ڵιʳָһģûУһģûУ²Щ

һջִ֣˴걻ָⰵɫ
ã̾˿ıӰ˼ֳ֮ɫ

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ص򣬹о֮δɢ
Ǽأǳ

γɲϴιȥðôˣǰ;ԺǶ֮š

ֻ˽Ԫ˭֪ȹպ볯ΪٲԼͷϣȻΪá粻Ҳ˵Գǰδⲻʾ֮⡣
ЩⶼȻ˳ˮۣ󲻹Ҳûʲôìܣ漮ڴˣȻҲﵱظĸ١

֮лˡ
Ҫȥ´ǣ˶֪²£űҲġ

УӽҲˣĥ¶塣
ĥмǱѾ죬û㵹ûʲôټ콥ˣҲûʲô£ֻð²һʼɡ

ֻڼд£Ҹʦ
ʱս¡

һȥǧ·;ңԶ·ϱҪһж࣬³ǣ»ʱҲ;ʲôⵢˣôһȻǲڼҹˡ

ǲᣬҲĲ£ɼҲû취ܲͦŴӸһͬȥĲþڶ£ֻܴڼд

߹⣬ǵһ
Ҳ֮󣬻ƽʱûʲôҲֱһ󣬿ǻ̲ס롣

ǻ·Ͽƽⲻͬģˮ·˭֪;л᲻ʲô⣿·ϿǳԵñůû֮ͯǰĲ£Ѱĳãʱ߳ͯ

Ҳܰʲôæƽʱܸȣչ³ԺȾС
˴ҲģϱҲҶˣӰ˶ϱӰ˶ĺӡ

й˴Ŀ⣬ټϻжݶ˵飬㽥Ҳ滺飬עԼĶϡ

ǵһδ֮ǰǸӣԶı仯Ҳģǹ˴ͷһεĸԵûõЩͲϸ˵

Źⲻڣò̫֡
֪ǿʱģԵȵ³գ͹˴һͬ˼ҵλ㣬ڱӹ³˳˳

ٶģҲˣֻڼĵȴ




90.  Ѹ£ʮ   Ȼǰ·

88

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ʮ̥һ˽ŵò, ֮û, ٴ̥ˮ, ʱ죬㵮һӡ

¹˼Һ, ˴˵ò, һȥ˹⸸׵ķǰֽǮ, ֪˼Һ¡ȻӶ³˳˳, Թᡣ
Ϊ˸СڣҪ, ˵עʹңԶľʦתƵĸӶϡ

ӣڹ˼Ҳûʲôݣû¾, ϵҲ֪˾ھأûھƵҲ˹

ֹ˼, ϲ̽Ϣˡ
źϲ֮ﲻ, Ϊû, ˲, ǼҺͳǱҲֻ˼Ůš

ȹĸµʱ, ڹˡ
Ǻӵ, ǹ˴ȡ, ˵ǼҿּҲôִ, ݹ˴˵Сʱй˨ϣס

º˵ˣһݸһȻ˲Цϡ

֮ǰ˸˻
ͷְ̽ԺԺȻҪھгӵġ޶ڷ룬ټϻй˴ڣü˴˼ȥžۡ

Ȼϲͬ˴䲻סĶֻҪ㣬»ޣԶ׵һ¼û˲ͬ
Ǩ˵򵥣ȴΪӡ

ȾǱߵðլӣҿонʿ󣬳͢͵طµǮ٣ҲкüˡҲ˲ǮеƽʱµģĥмĽǮףھլӲѡ

ˣС򣬾ǿĶϾеլ֣õضεĸǲף¹˵죬ֻðǮȥͲˡ
ĵǼĥм

Ժţٺ»΢˵ҹ볯Ϊƽʱٲ˸㣬ȻҪӰ˼мǳԶĽܶ

Ȼܶǽ˭
ʱ佻û⣬岻ʶ֣ܹǰû⣬õĿ²С

ǰЩӷһ£μͶ
Ȼû˵ֻ˵μռмĵ̣бУμռ棬УΪ˲ߵʧԺμΪ˲ϧóеĸɹɡ

Ҫ˵˵ˣЩӵķչźĵλãǼҽмƬ̲ٲȻѾС׺ʮĻ㼯֮ء
Ƭ֮磬ʳö࣬ⶼͷȴ£һˮˮ·Ȼߺ·μڴ˽Уڰμˡ

ԾͳŹⱸ㻳̥֮ʣμп˲ٴơ
ɼʹƣʳҲԺμóɸɹʾá

֪лйԭ
һͷ̽˺ԺܺԺǲ֮࣬;Ƿ˳ڳѾǸ߹ˡ

μ֮ǰͶЧ֮⣬ֻǻо٣л¾һֱδᡣ˴κμҽ£δû˼ڵܲܣ

֮ǰһֱû𸴣μҲ¾ڹ֮ʣѸɹɵ鵱ˣʱ˻ȥμҾԲֻ˵Ҫ̣ܳţμ˼һ棬Ǻμҵĵ˾Ͱ뷨˵ˡ

岻ϸŹ˼ҵͷ⣬ҲмͷпΪ֮㸴̡

ҲǵڴˣԹŹ̲ң˵˺μֻ̼֣ͨҲǻ֮ңк˶飬ܿйȴһ˳Ȼ֮ǰǴܽ˰֮ǰո¶ЩͷѵãŴ²ԣʵμͷõĺôʵ̫ࡣ

ּúμ˿˻
μܾܲʹ˷ȫǼмϣ㱳¿̽ɹϡ

ҲǺμΪ˾ɺĸɹ۾գóԭڡ
ŷƷ٣䲻࣬˭֪Σ㽫ֽ࣬Ĺ̽㹻μˡ

ףѩ̿ѣɽ̫ೣԼסֻѩ̿˼ǵóáԷǳ֮պƴͶЧ統±ңһһպǲ˵

Ȼֽĺμҵ˻벻ԶǰͷҲ˵˹һ̽ͷ㹻ֽĺμˣԺμһ㲻Ǻ֮٣ʧҲûʲôӰ죬ϾμлֻһСУǰڸʮЩͷֻЩͷ

μϸ˽⵽μδ󣬺Ǿ˼ա
ҲǺμҿͻȻ֮٣ʵͷһʱ֮Щμҵĺˬϸ֮˺μҵġ

ҲḴΣô˾ٿУ£оٱȱȽǡ˷Ѻע˵˾ܵ˵ֻҪϽμùͷж£ֻкôûлġ

μǱߴ򽻵һΣ绹ᣬ͵ףǸܺĻ顣
˵˲㣬»ù֪

㲢ûоֻǽͷе뷨Ҳ̹ҲԼ֪ޣƣ»ĺá

һ¹ȥһϸ׷׵磬ˡ
˻Ϊ͵ƺδκἰǼլǱ߻Ǹһղ֪

֮͵޷ˣŰݷ֮˷ֱһ˵˻ֻЯȥǱ߸ļڲ·;ңԶøϽļ·ſɣŽͣ
Ѻμҵ¸˵ˣ޶һ̣֮ռ˺μҵһ棬¾ˡ

֮װǲˣиǼլǱտмߵҲμңֻˮĥ

Ҵ·λˮ·ȴӺ򵽺ݣ˺תǡ
ںתʱ⻹Ҫȥһ˲ܼңܼҲܼʲںݣʦͷڣŲ򲻿ɵġ

Щ˵򵥣ʵޱȣʱָϣֱ̤ȥǵĴһ

Ҳæۼˣʵôۣ֮ǰ;Ͽ˿֮죬ŷŰ֮ԣǺԺݿڼ仹ҪͬϷ塣
»ûŪͣҪļдӣﱸ޶ĸϾžۣðҲظϣлһ·ϡ

Ǹȫӣ⿴ת֮໹ҪŰݷʦ֪ˣͷǻﻹٵĶӣ⿴ɷôת۵òˣ˵ˡ

ſգҲЪһЪԵЩƣЩ۵˵

ʧЦд֮ЪϢҲ޶ңϸɲˣ֮н֮æ⼸вˡ

Ҳˡ

ɲࣿ
й࣬Ҳ࣬ڼдչĸﻹôЩ⣬˵ҪҪ񣬵Ƚ֮ҲС

Ȼͨĸˣ಻ʲôںܾ֮ǰҪõĶ͵ǰȻϧ

޶һЦһоڲС

Ҳ֪ʲôġ֮жЩ㲻ǲ֪ǣϾʹסֻδ֪δ

£㡣
ʮָཻưС֡

̹ȻһЦѽҡ
Ȼǰ·ңұ㲻塣




91.  Сʺһ   ΪʲôҪأǿɡ

89

֪ȥ˶, ǰһƬڰͻȻ档
˫ۣѲ

Լֻطˣ
ÿһתһ磬ǲ, ˺׾ֱܷ档

Ȼ, Ϥĳгһģ
ƻıǳɫʶ, Űٷǵķ׺һټ, Ӵֿưϸȴ͸ŷ, ϼӳ, һɸľ

Ʈ޵, ɵ͸һϤС
лڸ̾ɽͻأϤ, ֮࣬͵


ϸ΢ĽŲʱƿһ, һϤȴİӳ۵ס

ˣ磬Ҫ˯һ
˾壿


˾Ŀ¶ɻ, 㱳̽̽, Ȼ̽һʪ, æתӹ, һ߸úһ۵, ǲˣ˰, ˯, Ҫ̫ҽɡ

˵֮䣬˾Ѿø˺ֻ˼ˬ, ˡ
ڼһӦﾡص˽Э˾̵Ḷ́䶯֮΢ϸ緢עⲻˣ֪ڹֻйĹ˲ѵء


ˣ

Ϊٹ
һƬң۾ȴ̰˾ϡ

˾壬ĴŮ֮һҲڶŸδ֮ǰѾߣ޽ʱĸѾ߶˹

ѾУ˾ᣬѾȡ˾壬ȴ壬Ϊ̫ӣ˾ȡ˴塯ֵʵһֱĻ

ߣǧٳ賤䲻Ȳãñãȴɢ˵Ѿͷ˾壬Ϊ˾ϸ£ܶʱᣬ˾̵ܰ׵泩

ǰ֮ǰĸѾͷȴֻбٺ黹ԡ

˾ˡ
ˡ



˾ôûأ
ĬĬ롣

ΪʺȴʵȻʺĸȻʶ࿴ڹﰲ
ɹ̫ӣˮҲ̫죬ûȴ߾ӺλһӣǹȴΣʶŵùҹ

˾Ϊġ
Ϊ֮£ڹƣΪ˱ȫ˾嶥ޣΪˡȫ֡ʬ׶û취Ϊ˾ա

Ū

Ƹ߸ϣȴȾȨ֮УǹΣķΪ뻢ıƤ緢ȥ˾࣬ƾ˾£֮ǰٹĸ̫ݹ꣬Ϊ˳·ҲͲڹʽĹ»Ұ

ˣ
أ

һʱ䣬ͷѣŴԽĳۻҲƣһһ֡
Щ̫Ӵ󣬼ҪԺֽ亹ˮҲʣ°СҲ̲סŤ

һ˾У֮˳⣬ʧˡ



Уһȥ̫ҽ
ҪȵٿҲ֪ڹýսûã̫󿴹ﲻ˳ۣЩĸĿ࣬湧ʹ˶СȻҲҹҹʣȴǿŲý̫ҽǰţ֪

飬˵ȫ֣ҿǵСǻʺ󣬻ʺ̫ҽ˵ɣҿĹȫֲźﷲ¶ȥ̡̣׼̵ʲôʱ򡭡
Ū˵ʲôĸСһ𳤴ʲô㲻֪ڲڸˣڻʹĴͼѡ

Ǳˡ



㶯һ¡
ʱʧˣټ˶Χ˹

ôˣ
ɻܣҪūȥ̫ҽ

һַһ̧̧ܰ
ʵûΣͷ̫û취˵żѾͷ˵ĻҲ˶ûŪҲûǺõģֻԸͬӦȻҲͬ

ûŪǻصԼսûˣ
ǻԼ޽͵ִǹøھȻҪԼ빬øĻʺӵ£

ֻҲ
˶뵱ʺ

ˡ
ȴû취Ӧ

ƣЦǰϲĵط
ΪĸΪʺǶżҵĵŮҲǹĸͱ谮ְСԼҺԺ˶ﰲݵͬԼС

ڼ޽֮ǰûá빬ʲô£ִĲ빬빬ΪǸĹøӵʺ󣬿ɵ빬ˣ֪Լˡ

һ빬綼ˡ
ǰְʹǿˣΪĸݺȨƣߵĴ빬ʺģӿ˵ݱһߣƵЩ˷׷¶צ

ȻΪʺݣЩʱƽı֮󣬿ɸֵѺͰϢط

ǵǰ빬ûãͷǰͰ׵̫ʮ䵭˵Ҳûǰôʹˣǰڹʲôʲôʲôʲô˸ķѾˡ

Ŷˣһ
ʱΪǹŶʣҹҹ˯ãȴֲҽ̫ҽΪ֮ǰѾ̫֡£̫Ѿܲͷˣ١¡ˣֻǿš

ǺܾúܾԺһ֮У֪ͨʲôΪġ
˹

ֶκ׾ӣʱȷʵãӹǱֱŵʲ̫ҽںһʱʹѣһĽǱûʺ֮Ȩ䡣

˵öԣ¡˾ĳŷ

Ūɫһ䣬˸ȴָϽͷȥǧȥˣһָֻ˹

ֲֻϸСɣЩȴ͸һů⡣
֡

ŪҲûֻ̫ҡ


Ūսֻ֣̲ס
ǰ⼸Ϥס

Ƕû׽ˣҪΪһСִʵûʲô£ǷЩͷۣ𾪻š

һʱ䣬Ѿͷڴأһš
ģϸĳ

µйҲΪ壬飬ϻż׵ϣȦȴҲˡ

ڼͲ󣬵Ϊ⣬ĸ˶Ϊ׵ġŪ鼱֮ô˵ǲҲǲŭ֪Ūпĵġ

ŪǼˣǵ
Ҳ

⹬ֻǼҲˣָô죿񴦾ãؼʱв̤һ
ҿġ

һɣҲ
ҡ

㸧˸۽ǵᣬͷ
߷˻ҲͽһϢʱ䣬ͻȻʲôƵĸæվ˲ÿɫ벽⡣

ʱ⴫һϸĽŲ
ùá
ɻãǳʲô£

ӵֽ˽һĨɫټҲдŭȴ͸¶һ޿κΡ

ǣͼĿഥһ߳ȥŪȴԽһ˳ȥ

ô˷ùã˭ûţѷùþǵ𣿡

һڹŮͨͨΪ׵һſڵأСū澵ȣûС

ù΢´ôŪָ˵ʲôƺûָº͵ҩһֱڵз̣ȥǷŵж̫ȥҡҲūʵڵ㶷̽һ˵⼸ҹƺ˯òãǷ岻Ҫȥ̫ҽ

⼸仰ȴǶ˵ġ
̶ԣ⣬ԼᡵĲ֮٣ҩֱ⡣

Ҫȥ̫ҽ
ȥ̫ҽ鼸˺αֵǳ

ؼЩûⷼùõвνеĺ岻㶮ŪҲ˼ǳŪͰŭϣҧ˵ʲôһȥ

ͷùõˣ尲̩Ƿ˾ȽŲСˤˣֳټĶҲЩС꣬ǵ÷ùǰ̽ӡ

ùÿ΢΢ЦӣŮ̬ȹȴˮ©֮ӡ
֮ȣŪѾͷԵ̫סˡ

ɾǳסźðױץסЩ⼸ûõѾͷˣαһֱ֡

ùĿڵɫĻĨӰ֮ϡ޹ҿ

ʮСʺ
ΪʲôҪأǿϧˡ




92.  Сʺ󣨶   仹

90

ùõĿⲢûжͣ, ްĿ鼸ϻ֮󣬱㴹۽ޣū澹, ֡

, 
ǴﻹǴӹϣû취ùκδ, ƻ벻ǳЦ£Ŀ˻ȥ

ôֹù, ùҲ̫ıԵʡ

ùûס̧ͷ, ÿĨһŵǳЦܽһ, ֻһŲ, ΢΢İ봹ϸľ, ƺЩ, ֱĶҲǴһġ

ƺ޲ͬȴһ, ùĪЩʧЦ, , Цֵ˵Щ˾嶼ҹֵ, ˾ȽŲӦǷ, , Ҫ˾ЪЩ, ū澾ҩϸأ˾弸գ

һº͵, 봹ϸһҾ˵Ĺ
Ĺ˴඼⸱ףµ縴һ㣬޺ȴֹסĵðһ˿˿䡣ͺⷬѯʵĿȴšˡ˵£ͬǲ߹ˣẮ˵ģҲ̱˵ͬ⡪

ҩǷùõˣͼϷصЩӹһ
ǲƣֺã룬

˾أҲЩ̲סˡ
ôѵ˾ﲻԸù⿴˾塣

Ū¶޾˵Ʋԣ֣Լݣô˵ôܽһ֡

˾ͨ죬Ȼùû壬ֻͬʱҲʶԼĳͷùõıʣȻԼ˵Ĵƽ˸ελá

˵Ը⣬ﰲΣڲˣ˵Ը˵֮ǰ˵˻ѡ
˲á
Ҳ˾廹̫ˣʱڹʵʱǶһǴġ

ؿ˷ùһۣ¶һĨЦù˵öԡ
˾Щ̧ͷ

ûЦŷùãùòǹˣ¾ϸҲЩ˾嶼ҹֵʵ̫࣬ѾͷǲİѱˣǵΪ
˵ţ˾壺˾֪

˾һ㶣Ϊ˵Լ˵˻͹˵һ֪ˡ
ָͷ˵ЦһƤ֪УͷӰﱾĥīɣҹֵĻͽŪŪѾͷѹˣϹûţŲ׾˵ҩùǶС

ҩǷùһģĹأҴСģ֪Ϊ˼ҿСֿС̱֣˶㣬ɲܼˣӽͰ˾ĻˣùñǻУ

һ˶סˡ
ϸģûʲôͬƫƫⷬ档

ù׵壬Ȼҩˡ
ùõãǹˣ˵̩ɽǰɫ䣬治ɫҩѽ

ʺʲô˼˵ǿӣ
ǲͬڷùãùǹ¹ùãпɽֹССĹˣ˵˲Ƿùһӡ

һССĹŮ˵ľ仰ӴɱҲʹɱˣĶýСʺƣҲӣòѱҲͰգõѱĺݵ㣬͵СС

˵͹ֻͷҲ˵
ǲҽƱ磬Ҳǲ˵

ڻʺ󣬻ʺ˵ǿӣֻ赭дһ䣬Ҳ÷ȻǷϣڴ֣²ܹģָֻŷùܾһȡ
˵ڹõĺ͸սģǲֻͬ˾˺ҩ˵ı־ܿ

ùõƽʱ·ģӿ̳ǳЦʱƺǳ˼֡
üãū澲а๡
úþСϵЦȴˡ

Ūе㷢㶣ֱԱ˴һ£æ´ѵǣū澿ˣū澽ǽ̻壬ԺҲ˵ˡ
˿Ū˼ֳʲôʱ˾Ҳĥζװеίӣū澾ǵʱЩ飬ū澡

˵ͷЦˣǿŪ㼸գ͵

ͼһƬгùÿĻзŸӵĹâؿЩ¡
˵ʲôʲôҲ˵ܰҩ˵Ȼ˵ҩˡСʺʱѧֻˣǰɴûص̫ͻȻѧˣһжֻ룬ʵЩﲢûΪЩ˼ֻɺϣ

ùÿֿûʲôԽƽȻƱزܡӡҩʱСĻᣬЩȻΪ
ҲӦ˼䣬ʹҴд뿪ˣҩɫҰ׵ſǶԵмֿ

ͻķת鼸ãǲ̫ЩŪ÷ùó˸ƿ
㵹ѵõĺ飬ʱۿҲˣȥ밲ü˷ϴ硣

Ѿͷһ£ʮĬĶҩǹǶһֱױôŲſˡ
ô°ɡ

ҩŲҶ
ǰһô˵Ļûɣլʺڸʱ˹ԹҲʺ񣬿ɲ˷һףҲùЩϲ˵˵̱ˡ

һôҩǲٹȥˡ
ɱǺŵϵŵձϥҲܲˣվʱǿⲻЩȡ

鲻ҡҡͷ⼸û취ˣҶȻȥЪϼգ
ҩЩҲЩף㣬û￴Щȴʲô˵ͷ˹ȥ

ŪЦõ⣺ǣû뵽͵ʴף˵ȥ󷼹ùû᲻ᷣǣ
һۣˣѧѧɣΪΪ˵Ƿ

ŪشֵǶڻʺǰ̣ʺһܲһӣȱһɣù˾̫ҩ˾壬ҩȣҲܶǡ

ǲǵ˲ҪҪȺ֪ʺܴǣϾҲǷùã봦ûͶ
Ҳ¶ڵĴƺ󣬵ܰصһ㣬ֻдƷùЩǰ˵һϡܴµľ棬ֻܿˮ浽ж㡣

Ͼ仹ȴѲǵ
Ȼʺްû빬ˣûҲ˰ѸðŵĶˡ

Ȼʺǰ߷̵ĹǣĳҵĳңûмһϤס
Щʹױʲô˼û֪˭˱ûӣҲû֪ڳ˼Сƿ鼸ֻܰϷȴûʲôá

Ǹ͸ɸӣ㷢ʲô֪ʲô˶ﰲˣȻˣǾþЩɡ




93.  Сʺ   ܻסҵģֻԼ

91

ĵ㲦֮, Ѿͷһ˼ģȴ죬ЩȻ, Ǳˡ
㿴һۣôˣ

ҡҡͷ, ȴʶҧҧ촽
㻹ʲô²ܺ˵
ǵûСū澡ūֻǾԼЩûá

΢üңЩˡ
½, صĦţԷùʱܲ·, 

ǰΪ·, ѧźͷùô, ūûáǹ¶, ͱ˶Ÿ迴ϻ۹, ٶѧÿ죬Ҳʶɫ, һСѾͷرԵѾʱѡ
ʱһѡ˶ʮ, ˰˸, ĸѾ, ĸһȴѾ, ǴѾ֮һ

ЩѾ߸ԸƷòԷ˲ͬĲ, ˾, Ϊϸ, ҪĻŪȻǸѵģǸĹ㻶, 㲻ʱţһһ׼ٻٵأרѧ㷨βַ˲ᶼŵġ

þͱȽȫˣټԸʶˣӦ壬ڹһѾͷͷߵĴСһֱúܺá
ÿҹŮ߶иͷū澣Ϊǽѵģô˵ŸΪԺܸ߶һ棬չ˺á㲻£벻ĵط룬˲ĵطˡ

һֱúܺã˭֪
ֱ֪ԭЩҲġ

ǴαţѣйһϵڹĴãҲһ뱻ԼãΡﵥʱеǲѣɵҲ֪Ļʱ־öԼòŻȥմЩH

㿴еĺѪ˿ģ̫ˡ


Լ̫̾̾Լ˵̫ģ룬һ˵ǣһ߻ﲻǹ⣬ûܶǰΪֻҪǲ££͵ЩܻǰԼӣʵ֤ˡ


ڴˣޣ龫ǣܲҲסңܻסҵģֻԼ

һβ׵ĵ



Ҳ΢΢Щ
׼˽ûһڹ˲гȥ

йˣ⼸º˪һҹͽ˱ˤţйȺŴɨ

ǰӵţɳ˹ɢɨĹһƬȡ
Ҫѩˣ͸һ˵⡣

Уɫ磬б¯ػǰһЩ顣
ĹأÿնҪʺԼ̫밲ʺá̻塣

ڻʺ̫СͰʺʰˣΪʺȥ밲
Ƿģ̫Ĭġ

˵ʺСȻ̰˯Ͼǳӵʱ򣬿ɹ밲ʱ̫硪ｲТ̫밲Ȼ̫̫֮û˾ţТһ磬ʺ밲ʱȻҪǰʱ컹û밲͵ˡ

ڴˣŻзôһ˵
˵֮һ˭ֵ֪̫˵ˣ̫ۻʺС׼ˡ

ʼû£ҲΪ̫Լ£ʡһȥαںһʽ
֪˾⡣

ʺĶǺλһ֮ĸ֮£֮ϡ
ȨƵλԣ
˿еĹά˵ķӣǡǡǴӺܶܶϸ֦ĩȥ֡ʺ밲ʺȥ̫밲Ʊ޲ͬмĲ̫̫ͬˡ

밲ʺΪλԻʺĳȥ̫һɽݶһҲ˵һŮˡ
ű֣һ֮ԡһ˳ˮۣټһȺϷԵʧȥȻ

֮һˣʻ˳ʺ´ȨΪһ䡮ʺСֻ˲ǿġȽ˳ȥ



˴⣬ƺǵһ
̨пȥŹ⣬ŵĹ˼ˣ̫˼һûһɡ

΢˵ͷΪ衣
һ㶼ǵȹǵ󣬲Żȥ̫밲ȵȻҪš

㻹еͷۣ䷽˺ܶ£üһһۡͷٲźۼ˿ҡҡͷαҲö˵ʲôֻܰѶ˳˳ȥ¯¯ȵģŰЩ

վ˲һӵʱ䣬жˣ㽫ĿͶעţ˳Ŀ⣬˶˹ȥ
ֻƺƵһȺ߽ʱɫ·һӱׯµĹ͢ʻ

ʺ

˽ǰһڴͷ׵ĹǲǰʹҪ󣬻ǰǷ̴棬ʱƺ˹Ůˣ·ˣҲɫ

Ϊ׵һλ֣Լʮģ޸߹򵥲ĶҲø̬˹ǰ
ʮֹϣԥԥҲ˷γѣ󲿷˶˱Ҳˡ

ÿ磬ԵЩ̰˯ˡǰͷıǷˣЦø޴󷽣ԼδбƺΪȻ
ʱ״زȥһͬˣЦøġȻҲмںԥԥҲˣ⼸Ϊ壬һĨ

ͣȻ٣檵ȡҲ﴿ТԺ檵ȻҪѧѧ
ӻɡ
ԷΪհ⻰ǰƺҲ⣬ֻһЦЦرȣ˲̡

Ů˿ʵһĳԾתʮ䣬һ仰һоٶ⣬ͺ֮ǰġʺСͺǰһС
ǰα㲢ټʱ㶮߲ƺҪˣԿԶӭļϵЦЩ

Ǵˡ
ͷֿ˿ЩԼǱվŵЩˡ
Щ˴ţҲЦ

Ƿһ㹧ǳЦµЩģˣΪ⡯
ǲ⣬ּɰɡ

ʱ֮ǣ٣ȴ·ԮоٺŪ߿˿ⲻԵĶ˽֡

ɡ

ɫ䵭ƺδ˶վˣ仰ֻǸʽƺҲ⡣
󱳽ŵĿƺ봩͸ʲô飬㰵һЦѾߵǰĹˡ

ιùã̫˼ҿˣ

ιùôԼʮ꣬ݹѵ࣬һʱȴѵöЦݡ
Цǳȴһǡ

ǰߵȶ񣬱סˣҲ˳ֱ
̫˼ˣͦ硣

ͰĿһ˿ιù˵ִҲֻ̫󡢱ºͻʺСҲЩζȴƫƫǳ嵭ˣԵûôԡ
ȻҲ¶һĨǵСΣЦЦˣ̫밲Ӧιù˵ɷ˱

糣ǵ̬Ҳ糣ԱԵĻظ֮ԵѰȤ
ɱ
ιù΢΢һ㶣СʺɴδǰԳƹ

⻹ǿ⣿
Ѿǰ˼ƺιùãιùæᲽǰڲ࣬ȴɨžµĲ

Сʺûпƺûз˼Ҳƺû˵ӣֻר·
⼸䣬ϱ˶ʹһĹ˾ڵλɱ׼ػỬ

ϸ˾ֹ졣




94.  Сʺģ   ŮĲУ

92

˵к, Ѱһһ˰̫ճ˵
̫ͷףΪի, Ͱ顣һɫĳ, ﰵƣһĸ̵ͷ, ͷϵŷ˺ϵ¶Ϊǵ̫, ֻΪĸҵϷ

̫µ͵, ƽöҲʮּ, , Ȼöȥʩʩ࣬Բǹﻹǹ, 𵱽̫󣬶ֻ˵õġ

ʱ̫ںһ˵߿һλ, ʮֽ̫ʺʮ׺
¿Ƿ, ·ǵ, , ¾λˡ

, ʲôŵȡ
λݸߵǰ, λں, ԽλݵԽǿ, г̫󡢻ʺͼλ˶ûλġ

࣬Ҳʮ, Դ³ϳ֮ŮɫϾ͸Ϊѵˣ²һΣЩ깬Ҳûʲô빬һιѡ㻹ǰǶ˶

ȻҲûǾѡ빬ǹи˵ϵĻλнáˣ಻ó裬ʻҲƵͣһʹĹվں棬ӰӰ´µģһ

һа˵ģʮֳ
ֶŮ޴󷽣֮۲ԣ˲ڱ¸ǰó裬Ҳʮ̫ϲСıȽ٣Ҷʱ̫˵Ż̬֣λ׷ڴЦһƬг̬֮

֮ȣ̫ߣȴԵЩȡ
Ȼֻԣʵһ˵һ߸ݼͼǰһЩ¡Ͼʱȥ̫ãЩΪӴٵԵʣģˡ

Ϊаˣ㲻࿴ۣƺӵͬʱԸõЦ
һ£ܿͷʾ֮⣬֪뵽ʲôĿ

⹬Ȼûвʶɫģۼλ񣬼λλǰװûε˿ˣȥʺȴʲôҲû˵ͷڡ
Ӱƺϲʺ󣿡̫ͻȻ

һ㶣ЦȻϲʺģΪ֮ȴ£Щ׽֮⡣

ŮԼĪ껪һҺɫĹװСԲһЦССóؼãҲǸˣ˵һЦʮ۰

Ȼ̫ʮָˣȻϲǾͶ׽׽ʺСָսãֻ£缸¾ͶԺϤЩȥҲǺõġ

̫˼˵ˣȻҲӣʱʺЦӯӯؿ
Ȼᡣ

̫صͷƺϲ檺ĳ棬һǰ̫յȲ裬յƵ˼ڡ

̫Ȳ裬Ȼ˵һƬž̫²յƺʲô˵ʺ⼸Щʣôû̫ҽ

ˡ
ܸоһͶעĿ⣬΢΢ش˴ʵҲûвʣЩ齣ҲЩ̫С֣̫̫˼ҹˡ

̫Щؿ˹
һСġ
δǣʮ塣

Ҳۣ䴩һȴЩŲС˴˵ѡ
̬Ǻõģ˫磬ϸ֫ͦñֱóѾŬԻʺˣ۵ҲƵʣԵЩ

̫΢΢ۣ۽ǵƲˡ
ȻûвǾͺãҲͷˣĸˣҵĶϱ꣬԰㡾ТֶŮҪЩġ

ǺûҲǺͰģȴˡĸϱֶŮ
ϵ赭дһ仰ܴģǰ͵Ķ㲻㻹ػһӣܿ÷ŮĲУȴһһ

˼ҷˡ

̫֣Ц˵ʲôĲģǰҴСģҾʲôĶɲְʵۻ˵ԺҪ÷ȴû뵽Եʻ㾹˹Ҳãʹø㣬Ȼ˻ʺǰݹϵͲˣȻǻʺ󣬾͸öЩʵ۲ǡ

봹ͷָ˽̫˵ǣ檻ıµġ
̫Ŀںڵķ˫˰׵䣬ֿ˷˵ʵһδիˣ

Ȼ̫˵ˣȻʵü˳۵ص˵ͷһҶ˵ӡ
̫ص̾˿һ֮ɫβŵǼȻǻʵ۵͸ûʵ۶Ӳǡ

̫䣬һҲˣæվЩλݵ򶼷׷׹

ʲôֲѵȣ
̫ڰ֣ͻɫ̾˿գʵ۵Ը񰧼Ҳ֪ҲöȰЩǡ

̫˵ǣ檵ȶȰ¡

̫Ҳ֪˵ҲûãǻʵȰһ쵽ϳ¶ӸڸʹիﲻЩ̸̫˵Ķֻ࣬Ӧţ滰ѡ

ֻǻʵһδիͦټģ䡪Դۺ󣬱Ѿ±չիΨһһλδº档

˵ºǰʺֶŮǰҲܱ³谮ѵ˵ݵı任ʹ̬Ҳˣ˵ǰʺȥǰ·Ϊ̺£˵ǰʺŲżŮΪ󣬱ʮֲڷ޶ϻǴӦˡ

Щ˵ǹ׻˵޷粻ˣҰչĿǰľȷʵҲЩ׽ӰҲΪڹеĴԽԽѵԭڡ
һʱǼžǰ˸Ŀȴûͣ

ˣǶ˰ɡ
Ʒƽ˾ʵķ˭֪

*

ôһֱ߳˹⣬ͣ½ŲһĿͻʺȥ
ߣλݵҲߵģֻںվţЩ˻Ǵõһ㱻˱Ǽ⣬е̲סĵض˶š

ƺعͷ׺ë£һܽޱˣĿɨˡ
ʺѾˣ

ֻɫǸ˻ǲˣҲٶͷ׷ȥˡεƺڵůΣδŲ

˵Сʺɻܼȥի˵Żȴûпˡ
ԣЦЦأ

ӣû˵
ǸֵӣδЦλֺαΪˣλСȴߣѵλ֪

Ҳ˲ΪλļôܲжߣȻ֮ǰ̫α˵ǷѰʱλϵҲûٸɡ
Ϊˡ

ԽԽˣҪѩҾ߲ˡεԼůοǰ˴кůˡ

סů߹ȥ󣬷ߵ
ЦЦû˵

εΪ̲סλҲεûжӣֻΪ˱µĴ˳֪񣬴Ӳǰ£ЩѲóˣȴδ٣һϯ֮ء

ûжӣȻҰľ١
⹬˭Ǹи˵˼ǰʺڵʱҲͰգʱйȹ̣̫Ʒнû޵Ҳһգһֱ̫ӴЭͬڸ

ôһйһϵĵλν̩ɽ
˭Ҳ̫࣬ӻҩʯЧ̫˺ȻʺĹȻɼҲˡ

ɲֹǰ̫һӣżǽ˸ʺ빬ΣһûмǵСʺδԲܹʲôΣգ
ԵܶͶˣ⹬￴Ʒƽ˾ʵýеڽС




95.  Сʺ壩   ˼

93

Ҳ֪⼸ǲӲӥ, ֻЦȻҲǴ棬ůȥ
ʣĿȥ

ջĿ, żҲС˼, ǽ˸Ů
ɲǡЦӦ

ӶЦ֪˵ʲô, ɫЩڨڨҲ֪뵽ʲôɫò, ʵ˳, ҧ, ƤЦⲻЦҺּҲû˽

޶, ˴㵡ҲǴˣܿԵ, ֮װһ̬֮Ž˵ѵΪ˵ǻϻˣɱ롣

Ҳ֪ԼǶˣ˭аԴ͸ñ࿴ء, Դ򰲹˽ÿγի, ȥˡ

Ҳ㲻ʲô, ɶԱȹ˵, ȴǱ֪֪м֮ڶ, Ȼ׶Ժ, ҲԼЦ, ˵ļ, ȴǲʾġ
ƤЦⲻЦһ䡮ûжزԼůˡ

ڵˡգգЦ

ɲǣ
λһλҲ, ;㶼СˣжŮǰ;δȻ㡣ģ䱾ֶŮҲûԼҵŮ빬˵ԵϵûֶŮ

ЩʵԻʼ˵ʲô˻壬ϵ𱰣ϵλݣֶһʲôùһҲ٣Ͼ֮Ī

˵żҽ˸ŮڼºҲڻӦŷ˴Ļ棬ƫƫԼԺΪڼԼ޶ա

顣
Цõģ̧Ŀ㲻ǰ˵Щ죿

ʲô죿
߷̵ĹŶϧ⻰ȴδټȥֻƵĶӵЦЦҲůȥˡ

һֱԶˣߵĴīźʵ˵ǰ죬֪˵˭

ůůѬССռůڣֻͶˣڽϣīбͰĽŵϡóīʮֵţȻҲϲůΡ
ƺ˼ʲô¶һĨЦϸ⹬˭⸱ɣ

ɣ
˵Դ򰲹˹Ϊñ࿴Թﱳо˿ɲ٣īΪŮΪĹȻҲûо

ɵλ
ī˼벻䷨ͻȻһӰ򲻸˫Ŀ

ѵǡ
Ĳţȥӣɣ¡ʺ⡭⡭

ЦһҲδڣλʲôΣ˵ӸڸһӾǶܶܣ̫Т̫Ӽ̫û˷ûҲûа֮ɫתͷիĳ

ôܵ࿴ĲˣǰҲᣬǰʺһǽᷢ޼ʮ֣ݲۣдǳŮܳ谮ȻλְĻʺˡ

ôᲢۣīƺڲУԽԴѿڶ

ó㿴δŭЦŵ㲦ԴǵԽŮɫϹѵѾоŻˣ˽Ϊ˹̳裬ΪԼ̳軹³ǲΪŮ֮飿

ɡ

Ϊ߳ŭ֪Ϊ˲ʵ£ȻΪҵŮɫǰˣò磿Լ飬ûٰ̫󼷶λǶʩЧĴСʺϣҲʵ䷴͵ʴס

αһЦôҲãʡǵ¡ǶżҵСʺǸģŮΪü䣬ֻҪԼλ²ããƽЩϸ֦ĩڡôţǼʵҲǻʺ֮λͬ裬֮¹˭֣ǻҪֶΣ

̫īͷҲ

*

Ϊû˵һ·ϸž
˹ţδߵͿǰżˡ
磬ԽˣشҲģ˰

ʲôߵǰŭɫ


ҩˡ
˴ǹеã캮ضǿͷģҡҡ׹

Ĺشɵפȥڸ˾£ȴⶼ￴

⼸˾ǹģ
ͱٸ֮ǰ£ͼأ˷ҩֹװģײ


֮ǰ˵ĻǼûȥˣլʺڸʱ˹ԹҲʺ񣬿ɲ˷һףҲùЩϲ˵˵̱ˡǹڲ壡һ亮Ʊ˪

ū澵Ȳңū澵Ȼܷū澵ֻ
ҩԲֻǿͷֻ֮伸˾ͿĵͷѪͷɢ

ǡ
һ£ȥɡ


ˣҩ͵ùǶȥ˵ǳײ˱
⻰Ƚ˵УҲδںͼ˾

ȥ˶Ū״˵֮ǰҩȥˣô첻ߣҲòᣬŵҪӡ

ɲӣ
ùþҩѾˣŻüˣܶĵãĲҲòˣܻܰ»ʺ

ĸɲԼ˵һ֮ĸĻʺʺ̱˵һҲͰգۻкĿλ֮ϣ
ʽϣþͺãԴ󣬿̫ﰵǶȴܻܰˡ

о仰˵öԣ۵Ӹˡ

ū⼸񡣡Ҳеĵһ
ԽΣķԽǲңһˣͻ˿ɳ֮£ѾˣֻӷԴ

ʵֹǱ⼸񣬻ܵŴӰ죬֮ǰڹϢȥ밲Ĳ£Ͼǿƽ͵Ĵ̶Ѩܷһȥ
ûܵӰҲ֪ǱӰ顣

˶ҩñȥһطЪһգ֮ǰ˵Ҫ̫ڹһգ㲻ԶţЪһЪɡ˵ĳҲʵ顣

ƺȥˣȴЩֹ
ôˣ
̫

˵ȴֲ˵ˡ
ʵֺγûֹ⣬״֮ʣ鲻ûͼѹɵʱķӦܴһηƢΪ֧֧˵һ仰ס¡

֪ǼģٽǰĸҲ޵İʾɱʱԽǽյְʾԽǵִ

øĸɷһֱû֪ܾ֪Ҳû˷ϣǶżŮ˶żҵ٣͸ΪżҸ

ˡ
ɽ֮أѵżٳʺ󣬾ܽ𣿺ԲǡһʵĻʺʲôãﲻ˶żңҲ鲻̫ӱͻʺĸ

ǵģżһֱǰ̫ӺǰʺΣɽƾżҵ鲻ʲôԲŻ빬Ϊ˶żҵ裬ҲΪ˸

һʼ֪ЩǺ֪ʱ빬ԵΣķȴ¶֪ȴǹȥӦݵı任ֻΪ˸Լıȡɽ档

ǰΪºأܾõԺٻ룬¹ģȻЩģЩִ̬ܴһ־ǳЩ˲źۼ
ͺ񷽲ڴ̫һߵġݡһྡʺְȰʵۣƶЩ淴֮ġ

ˣ̫ȷʵΪ
̫ȴǲܼҵ̫󣬲ܼˣ̫ĵȴǼ޽ּңʮӱ̫ѪԵϵ

·̫ǰ̫Ӽǰʺʱ̫йһϵʾãͬҲΪйһϵʧƣѹйͶżҡϾλջʵ̫û̫ûȻʺ˶˼ʵ̫̫ࡣ

̫ͷңżҡμҡִѹ˶żҼйһϵ󣬱᲻໥ΪУһǱȻġϾ˵ĵѣͬҲǵˣʱΪʱѵڹ̫ˡ

ϧǰ̫




96.  Сʺ   ̫Ѿѡ𡭡

94

鲻˵, Ҳûǿʱù

ū澼ҩ㷣, ˭֪⼸澾ֵǰūѾ˰ѼȥŮ, ֮гεǣ, 

ùùڵϣһϻ̳Ͽȴмίģ
ģڷùϿɲ, Ҫ֪֮, ùñ¹ùáէ, ǲ˵ˡ, ҲԴĶྴأ˭֪˱湧, ȴҰġ

һδĵѣ֮ǰŴҲд˵ֽУҪ鼸Ů޵, Ƿùɣʱͷ΢ģ, ˽޲, ͬʱҲϤ̬֮, ֺʹֱ, һʱޱȡ

, , ¶һ˿ǳЦ, ˿롣

ùð봹һĨʹͷ­ȴǵ͵ٵ͡
ˣҲ֪ƾùһ֮, Ҳܹסôˣ²ᡣ

ùһ˿֮ɫ˵ֵֻǱ߶ȹŮ˷ߣǵ˶ϡɣ¾ͽȥҲù÷ǽˡ

ùһ죬ȴҶ˵ʲôֻӦǡ
ȷùߺõʵ̫١

ȷʵ٣߳鼸֮ˣ鼸˶ĳʳԼϷأȻ֧穣ڽճҩƹ򵽵ǰŪϲߵ¡

ΪûˣڹûԼ˿Ǵ粽С
ǰżڹҲԼӧң黢ڹٶмĿЩƽǰʺ̫ӺͻʺȺйһϵڹµʱѲ֪˶ٴεϴȻڼ˹

ҪҪϵ˵үа취˾

żȻڹһԼ˶ûˣǶǱԵ֮ˣκʲôãʤްˡ

뵽
֮Իߣ辶ùŮ̫ࡣ˱̫̫࣬಻ܳоӪҲֻһ۵С̫࣬г

ǰ㡯ûô磬ǽӶԿʺƹ֮Ȩˣִһ֮ضǷʱԼߵģҲ֪οǻˣǷ񻹼ǵǵ֮ǰЩ£

뵽Щ顣
뵱ͱǰʸףȴԼסﶢĺֹһһẦԼẦ

룬֪֮ǰںδ̣Ҳ˵ɸ꣬һʱҲ
ǵٵȵȣֻһȥ죬á

ͻȻȥ밲ٵƲ̶ʱɷºҪ˼ʵ̫࣬ѾƣǿŰ֮˶ȱ¸鼸һһ֮󣬲Ż޵ȥЪϢ

ȥЪһյ飬Ҳ֮¼ȣͱŪһ󣬼˲ŸԷͷ¡

*

һ˹ֱ߶Լ˺ŷŭ
ˣǼˣ

Ů̫һأûһ˸ǰȥȰ֪Ƣⳡй֪֮˭

Ҳ֪˾ǹѿǹ⼷ңԼ˲ȥ˰һСǼòȻֻҲ֪Ǵʲô⣿ǵ⣬̤Сʺĺ󳾣ģԽʲôԽʲôȻﾡã

ô˰ΣһĨ֮ɫʱ֪뵽ʲôЦЦһعľս

Ŀһɨ¶˼֮ɫ֡
ŵһŮæվȥߡ

ȥѰ˽
ǡ

ҲյĹ򣬰˱ˡסӴ⹬ĺУȻ죬ƺҲ֪鲻ãֲԾ½󣬽ȿδЦ

檲μ򸣽𰲡

ɡѾָһ̩Ȼ֮ɫ뿿λУƤ봹ţӵأ˾Ӹµٰ̬̣˺ܿԼء

ǹֶݣڼҲǧٳ賤󣬿С֪ż֮Ÿ󣬳˺Ƕ⣬̾
ΪŻоŻӣŻżҵŸǾŻպܵõǴ󱦣żҸٻꡣ

˲෴ܴܿ͵Ժ̬һЦȥ̬֮
ùã˭ˣ¶˵˵¶˲ûԼ֪عŭ飬סһԺڷ޴

Ȼ˵Щȵظ˸޽ǵǱֻǱһ¡
ù£Ҫ¶ǽѣ

ʶȤЦЦҲТ˳Щūǣһã
⻰һԵĹŮ̫ǶʱֹһأæԲվ

һʱ䣬̵ˣ˵ġóӡҲˣȫʵ֪ⲻڹ̬ȫƾϣʱֹ̬١

̫˱ի£̫˼Ҳһ߶£ɺȻκ֮ǰĲͬ

һ˫޹Ĵ۾ɵ˵ȥ
̫󲻹˻ʺ󣬻˷

̫ô˻ʺ˵ʺӦöı£˷¿һδիȻ̫ñիʱ
³޵£˸˵ЩˣѲ֪ʧȥˣɹһ޾±ǲԸҲóʱ䲻¶档

ŮΪȣΪͣڵг֮ԹȰΪŮְ
ǰǰʺڣǰʺΪ˴ȣжȣֳֺõδ˷ֵǰʺأ

˵̫˵ϵѡɱƢ˽ֲ֪̫зִ粻󡣷Ǹģɽô껹ܰȻ£Ȼ֮λ룬ͷȻҲͷλǲö˵

صֻʺˣҲͷеԵҲ˲֪ʱĿ˲֪̫˶֪
ֻ֪ʺ󲻻ͷ̫ȴƫƫôζ̫Ũһһ˼ǾֻСˡܶϤˡ

̫ѾӴˣͿû˸ҽӡ

Ȼе˼ˣ˸ƺЩǣЩԥǳͷ᲻̫ԣں棬Ӵ⹬ͷ

ò˵Ǹʮֻ˵ˣʾƫƫԡǡӴ⹬ͳƣһƺ֮ͬЧʵ˵Ӵ⹬ˣͷˣȻӴ⹬£㵽ʱˣҲӴ⹬ţкôȻˡ

⻰ů֮Ч˲Ů˳֮С
ͬʱҲ⻰˼׻˵ĶСģôЩ˽ٵͷҲð˰˸ͷ˳ںȻȣȾʹûޡ

ͬڷλӰеӶĿǰġʵĿǰ곤ĻӣӺͶزҲǰ̫ȥĻڣȼλԵͷ˸Զ볯Ұס

Ҳ˵ӶĿǰ̫ŵѡ䷽ͶиҡҾӲãи˻ӡ

ֻиŻӣʮˣδӹڡ
ûмӹھͲܷûз޷Ȼ޷ﱸԼȻ˵ŻһûԼʵϵĸƣѧٲи·طֻЩõ˵ԾԵơ

Żǰͷ˰˻ӣиŻӺ滹ͬʮӣλĻӡ
ô˵һϵȺлţܵУûκƣ֮λʵıȻڼӪӪı˰֮¡

¶μǣ⹬ﲻͬ棬˵ʲôݵλٶǼٵģֻġ

ʲô
µĶ裬޶裬Ǿ͵иӡ




97.  Сʺߣ   ҲиӰ͡

95

˶, ֵΪù빬꣬żڹùδ빬֮ǰ΢ĩ֮ܵʱյĵλƾĲǹùΪ˻, ֪ʱ, ýơԼܳʱҪﾡ, ԼܳʱҪԼܳ衣

˵һǧһ, Ů̵ʲôǱµĳ谮ֻҪг, Ϳ, ǹ, ǻʺǰʺܳ꣬öżٳʺ, Щ˳ЦΪ費ֶΣҪ֪ǲǳ߹ǲ, ʲôҲûС

˵ʱȡ°ͷбһǶʯ, ϸϸ 
һĵͷ, Ϊ˵λڴ, 岢, ֻŮӰƴС, еƷڡ

޵ĵ, ǶŸɫʯͷ, 顢ܽʯɺʯȣԼʽָ, ޡ

԰˵ոպá
ǹеģûУҲǵ´µģܰϲÿնͷϡ

˰׵ָǵ䣬һţǿ򶨣Ŀ̲סϡǴ˻׵ģǻһݻȴܼ̲סľսǻ׹ϵĵ䣬ϾǴë£һͻˡ

Ȼܵа˵ЦЦָײ˲ͷıɫˣȴҲˣ¶ݳɫᣬɫ١Ǻõģ⹬ﰡиõġ
˵ţֲذ˵ķϡ

˵Ͷˡ

ǹ³õĹգϡУȻҲѵáȻиõģһλȻֲͷϣͷ֧Ǳش͵ģζйƵģƷģٺõĶƷҲá

ͺӣһ׵ģ»ʺҲУֻһΣȴҲһףΪݻ׺˶鼰ɫʯͷִģֻ׺˼ĳ
ҲͰգȣֱǺס

ҲиӰͺˣùþͲõԺ󡭡֪ʱֻص米˵

ӣӣ
֡

*

һߣȻҲ湬ǵ𵴡
Ҳ˵ҩˣƱҪ˶ʺߵĶȹŮڹ﹬⣬õĳֵݣ˶УɵĹ̫࣬˿ƲһΪ򵥵£ȴĲ

֪鱧ٹ£Ҳһʱ䣬ﰵǰҶ˵ڶֺ࣬ãģǰ˵ݻ¸ôѽԶҲ߲ܣһºͣʵмֵˮ©ļơ

ŮǱҲǾҩ˵ĳʹ˻֮˶ʮŮ
ʮ嵽ʮ֮㣬ֻоֹ֪ؼã˵ǹԶȹŮѡ

Ů˾ƹ֮͢ŮټŮһӦ񣬴˷Ҳǰ£ͱҲûֻܾ˵Ҫʺѡ

ΪôһĹŮƽֽŸУ֮ڶ࣬ôˣƺͻˮøˡ



ùյŮϢһڼһ˿ʡ
˹ŮǱߵĲãټǵİţλСʺ£ҲˡǰһʹԼʮĹ¹ù˵

һųȧǸʣԵм̱֮񣬴ʱ˵˫ϸųϲɫóмֹ̬֮ڹ˵ûֺ÷ùá

Ȼù¶һ˿ǳЦݡ
λžͲǸĹ¹ùòͬùԲƤ𪣬Щ΢֣ºƽ׽ˡ

ùڹҲãԴءͷΪ˳ޡТȻʺ߷̣ȵۼݱڹ̫߷̶̫꣬䲻̫ݹأȴһݣǵ֮ĸТ˳ʺá

λТ˳ʺ겢δµûúȥ֮ǰǸλڵ̫֮λ󣬲׷λȵϵλ׷˻ʺ̫֮λ
ɥĸסڻܳ˶˹̫շշ֮飬̫ݵλ뵱ȻȻ̫꣬ڡ

ɴ˿ɼܰѷùָɵ£Ҳ㹬ＫΪλ½Ļʺˡ

ҲС̫˵Ļⲻ֪⹬ˮǳ֪һʱ֮๵ġù

Ϊͻת䣬ʲôȻһͻȻáʵֹǾӷùһΣԸоλСʺ˵˺ܴת䡣

ô˵أǵˮ©
Ҳݺ޻öԼĴش򽻵Ǵæ֮£ʱҲûüϸ룬ԭֻ֮ܽ˶Ĵ

ǵģǼѾͷǸ顣
֪ػһΣڼ仹˶磬ֵľ˶Ϊ˴շתλ֮ǰ벻׵£ĥζ

Ǿֵĥĺֹľ۽硣ֻһзùö֪鱳˹

ūСӴл£ǰɲ㣬⼸ظ˶£ҩˡκùһת˵

ù̾˿һ̬֮գչСˣȾҲˣһеİŲΪá⹬˺°ôҲ㿴ˣֻаؼ˲ܳþá

˵ؼ֮ʱùÿκùã
κùһͻ亹ӼһȴǶֺõЦ⹬ϼģĸ˾˿͸Լ˼

ͻأ亹Ҳκùƽһ߳ŭ
ʲôؼʲôҲΪã˵˾ľżǵİڲȴƫƫҪҿ߲Լնģ˵˾α

α
κùʵԼͷùòһӪģȻΪ»Ǻǲ˺ġ

Ҳ˵ǵֺãǵͷǸͣ˵˼ĻϾѾͷ˲Ϊ壬ҲѾͷе㼬֣ͷùһǱ߸ô£ġ

ùģǷָɽ
㼪԰ɡ

*

Ůǰʵй֣˾ƹܹ͢һӦ
ʵҲй֣Դ̫Ϊ͢ʮ󣬾ͽȡй֣֮𽥽ֻΪŮĻ

λû䣬ȻԴͲ̫ãŮλڹ͢ǣһ̫ĹԺС

ν̫Ȼںܶǰй֣Ҳ˵Ķʮеʮࡢ˾˾ֵİţʮкܶµŶǰйڵλãȻҲ˵ǰ

ڶʮŵͥУŮԵࡣ
ټԺһɰ֮ɫżŮҲ´Ҵҡ

ллˣСӡͤһ
Լʮģ쵰Ӻۣò䲻ڣ޳ͦΣһɰȻ̬֮

ͤˣǷ֮¡

Сӵģ̫˹Ŀ㣬ڵͷһСñУñһԳü˫ĿȴϸҾŲ⣬״毺õıһ֮С

ƷòļҲΪƫƫǸ̫ࡣ
ͤһĨźȴ֪źΪİ㣬ȴһֿϧ⹬˿ϧ˺ʵ̫࣬Ҳһ˲

תͷݵ裬Ȼ˵ǾͲůůߡ
СһЦҲûˣݣһ£ֶȡ

ƺƽʱµĵطз˸鰸鰸һЩ˲ᡢ֮ʲû̿Ŵգſеӣ䡣
Ҳʲôò裬ǹŮǹõ裬ƺ˽ȥһ˿˿ȴ˶ůˡ

Ҳҿ˵ȥϧн˾Σչ̫඼Ƶֻ˵̿̿ǲǹŮҲжĿ궬ô䣬̿𲻹ĹŮָô




98.  Сʺ󣨰ˣ   С

96

СֻǺЦȲ費˵, ͤԹһͨҲ⻰˵ˡ
ǲᣬСӶϧн˾, չ̫֮, ˼Ǻİæ°ˣɵϧн˾˱Թϧн˾, ⲻΪ

ҲǹŮͶʮŵìѾãŮҲǵһα˼ôĵˡ
ǻǰ, ȥ, 󼸴ξ, ϧн˾Ҳλο˿۹ŮĶ, ̺˵ūţǹŮʧ, Ҳǹˣ˭֪˭ǵ£ȻҰ˸Ƽ, ԷҪǸ̬ȣԵԼƵ̬

֪
˭н궬̫, ָ, Թص, ŮҲ

֮лл㡣ĺöû, ɵĹŮȴ, ԺʲôñЬҪƵ, ֻ, ˰˾ǡ

ͤòСҲǸŮ٣Ʒ˾, ˾ʳ֮̿¡ֻйֱŮѹǰʳֱΪżࡢŷƴ֣ǰйֱΪ¾֡빤֡¾ԱʮŹϷ֣Ů֮ȨһڴƷ˾ڽֻܹܹͽ׹Ůʳסá

С»ܰ죬ҲﾡãòʵġôԵþЩ

Сƺûвͤˬ֮ľȣЦŵǾллͤˣԺҪһ

ƫΣЦʱԱһЦʱһɨաҲͲð𪣬ߣȴϸôһ꣬һˣ᲻ϲ

ͤимǸмСӰ˴⣬ҲǸмûдԼġȡ棬ǽС˰µ˼٣Ȼ˽ύ֮⡣

δ֮ǰҲһ׵ܣСӲ࣬ʱСӳԼЦͷ·𿴵׵Цһ㡣

δ֮ǰҲеܵܣࡣСӣ㲻Ҿܵܿɺã⹬ڶ࣬Ҳ㻥и

ͤҲһʱ£Ͱﻰ˵ˣ˵ҲԼͻʱڲѣĪеڴ֮ʣ˭֪һЦ󣬵ð

Ǿô˵ˡһЦɽ֮ͤ͵վ
ֻҪͤ㲻Ǹ̫ࡣ˵ţ봹ͷڵͫһƬ֮ɫƺЩԲλࡣ

ͤһۣ߹ļ򣺡ܵܣһСֻǸȨƵĹŮ

Ȼ㡣ʵ֮ǰû˵ҵһμ͸о׽Լ׽һ㡣СӰ봹ƺе㺦ߡ

һ׶ټƽȡ
ֻͨ͡ᣬͤСӵ㶫Ȩ׵˭֪ѱ¶ûʲôʵĶ

Ҳʵ̫޳иɰɰŮ֮ϿҲ¸С£ֻӦԺõĺɰСҲͬҲӦԺ˺ö㣬ܵǶˡ

˵ŻһԲĹŮ˽
ʮ̬꣬ͦ׳ʵģһ߽ƺ˵ʲôڿСӺʶס

ǣ
̣ûܣϵĵܵܣСӣϧн˾ͤ

Ŷû㣬㶼ϵܵˡЦ˵һȥСӣСҲ۹۱Ǳǹģȴ΢΢졣

ⲻǺԵҲνǸʵˣϧн˾Ǳ߲һֱǵ̿ҲСӴŰ¸ˡ

ܵܵǲаɣҺͤã㼴ͤܵܣԺҲҵܵˡ

óǸˬʴ󷽵ԸһɲģָͤС˵빤ֵ빤Щ̫ǹţĻùŮȻйŮȻŮٹţԱƷͤ࣬ȴͤö࣬ͤ⹬ŮһĶֻܹܹͽ׹Ůʳסá

ˣʲô£
ûʲôǸսʱùһȺ˳ȥˣ˵ȥ˵û˵

ʵҲǺŹô£ƽʱ빤ִĶ࣬Ů٣ڹŮߵȻϢͨ

һùãͤ촽һȻԴ˲
ʺߵĶȹŮԱǲ˻ùȥǱ

ȹŮͻˣǷʲô£̲ڲŷӦԱ߻иˣʶס

ͤҲСӿȥһʱ֮Ҳ֪ò˵Ͼ˵ȥǣ˹Ůϵ֣֮Ҳ漰ӵ˽

Сƺ˵ֹеԥվͤǲʲô˰ɡ

˵ҪߣͤźСףջ֣仰ͲˣⲻԵԼαҪ˵ĻҲûʲôˣͰСӰС˵ҪߣҪա

ʵҲûʲôǼȹŮƺ˻ʺ˲ʱļܣ˰ˡ

ȹŮԱǲɲС£ǵĵҲ̫ˣȻ·ϡͬʱ̼һЦҲǣλ½ûõģɲǱˡ

ƺԻʺ󱻴ϡ棬ʵм£Ҳ˲ֲϲµŮ᲻֪ҲͤԵʣڹŮָĵͽ׹Ů򽻵Ķ࣬⹬ŮµȻ

֪ͤˣȻҲ֪ˡף⹬ǧǧùӣȴūš
˸Ǳߡ˻ùⲻͰ͵˹ȥ

˵ʲô˵ݻʱͤ°ͣû˵ȴͶˣ¶ֱ֮ɫֲأҿùñǿ׳ģûȥλߵҪȥ˻øǿײ⡣

һԲ΢֣۾ȴһǸġ˵۾֣˵ùñǿϲʱģⶺˣǵͤЦ
СҲЦˡ

ЦͤеԾҲһ˲СӾһشչλùÿλͷǣ촽ϳ˿ýĹùãҲ졣

˵Сһͤ˾֪˵ùá
˵ҲѡŮƷò˵ҪڣҪٶû̫覴ãλùõãȥһ۾Ϳϵý롣

Ҳ֪ôѡĹҪôǵȥѡ̫ǸϹӣҪôùýʱͻСʱûǿý롣
ò˵ͤˣùõ걻ѡߡ꣬ҲһѾͷ˭֪ʮȥ˻᳤ⲢùڹŮ⣬ȻҲΪˡ

λùǹ˰ɣСֵ
ͤһüͳ⣬⺢ҲǣЩ֪գҪ˵ǻ

СҲ֪ͤΪãȴеίСҲдμŹߵùúù˵㣬Ժ˵˱ǡ
Ҳ̾СѽҲ֪ôڹЩ꣬һǸûС⹬ｲ

λŮһһ䴫ڹ֮СǶͷһ̬֮
Ƚѵˣ֮İ֮ƺˣͤƺҲټɻСǰ˵Щİ֮¡

ڹŵģĸ֪СϢϢƲۣؼʱȴܱͺñ˵ĳŮƲۣ˭Ҳ֪ûʲôˣܲǵ
ϲ߲ȵͣûɫڹȥ

ʲôɫ
ΪҪ飬֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ʲôʲô²Щǰ֪СϢҪ࣬ҷԴ⶯ҪĻʹ㡣

ͤ˵ЩϢҲСá
Ϣ໥ͨڹŮ̫֮ڹȻǰҪԼˡ

ˣҸչʱӴ⹬˵Ůȥ빤ִѣ˵˵Ŵ빤һ




99.  Сʺ󣨾ţ   Ҳ䣿

97

Ŵ

ûʲô, ³޵̫ի⹬λӶͣ, ֹȻ١һļѶж, ĶװˣͻȻҪҲͰ, ֻᰮΣŴ

˵Ҫһղ, ǹŮǲ, ˵øһ, վҪ

վҪǾʲôˡ
һʲô, 󲻹Ǹйص¡

Сƺеûգ۾, ͤ뵽С˵ԼᵽһֱڹʹĻòײŰͽϧн˾˸, ּӪӪϧн˾˸Сͷ

ôСϧн˾ֵط, ƺҲеŵ, е۵İǵ½͸
СӺ, Ⱦһۣⰲˡ桢Ҫ

֡û, , ΪϺҲǵ, ɲǾǵ𣿵Ҳǵ¡
̿˵þ, ŸһİƵɲǲҪ

˵Ҫȴȫȫ˼е, Ҳֻ̲ͤŶ

ͤһ磬ĥԴСӣԺ˵Ҫȹԣʲô˵ʲô˵Сеί̡˼˵̽Ҳ˵ˣΪ˵Ǵ
ͤһʱͷˣ֪ôӺ˵𣬷̲ΪȻԼһЩ²Сӡ

˵ǲ²⣬ʵҲ֮ͤܣֻ˽½ǵһΡ

̽˼ǰģ»ʺǰɣ
⻰Լ˵˵ҲͰˣ˵𣬲ȻҺͤ㻹㣬ô³˵ţ״һᣬǵһˣСӶЦˡ

ģȻ˵Ц۵ȴ˿İ
Ҳ䣿

Ϊ˵ģ»ʺǰɣСӺʡ
̳ɣֵԶԶλʺҳûǰûʱǻġ

̿ͲʵҲǹˣڹʮ꣬Ȼǰְ
֪뵽ʲôƺЩ꣬˵̾˿

СɫҲһʱ䣬ﾹʮְ
ͻȻվҲЩˣϻбĲ£ͲλˣԺУҶѰλ˵

ͤǻС˵Ҳ˲ɼµµÿҪܷ

пնҪѰ±࣬һҵ
һ

ȥһ󺮷ӭ
ɫҪѩ

С̧ͷ˿죬ɫƫƫлƷžţƺͱһŮ
Ĭһ˲̨ףҴˡ



뿪˹ŮСûлϧн˾ȥһƫƧԺӡ
طѾԶ˺󹬣ٽŸĳǽ£ͻʳҲ͸һǽסǹһЩ̫ࡣ

Сᳵ·һǰţ˿ź¶ϲɫæһ˽ȥ
Ūˣ

СЦЦ˵ͷһԼĸ첲Է¶εɫ֣ڨڨһЦ
ˣݲ衣

ס̫࣬Ȼס̫ã˯̣ͨһ䷿ס5.6̫಻ȣȻҲˣֻûˣƶȥˡ
ʮּªһẈ̂ͨǽ˸Ĵӣһͬİ׵ĵӡ

ʱݽǵ¯ˮС̫ӹһ޲յЩóأŵʱȻЩۣݺò裬æ˹
лл㣬ǼҲ˵ˣһ顣

СӶһڣǵأˣ
⻰ⷽС̫һ죬ȻмΪѣºǣ̫һǣңҪԲ˶ߡ

СֻȲҲ˵̫ɫΪѣһҧˣҼȴӦ㣬ȻҪ˵ǧӦң¿ǧ浽˵ҴҲס

Сɫĵ˵ͷ
԰СӸɵġҲ֪̫磬Ϸ¥ϷϷѾʱˣǸԻعλȥǳȻҪѩƬ֡

ʵѩƬֲʲôƫƧ֮أѰʱҲû˴˾̧ߵ̫Ҳһ·ƫƫγ¡

ɻ֮£鷢˽֪˻Ī֪Ҳװ֪ʵ洫ˣ˭֪ʺײа
ƫƫаֲ˵ֻ˵ۻˣǱ߶Ҳᣬʵ֪˹Ĳ١

֪֪˭ľͲ֪ˣ˽²⣬Ҿ֪Ҳû˸

ⲻԣ쵱ĿûһСӵˡСͻȻ

̫ҲûΪζԷ֪СӵûȻΪ˽϶ΪСӾһʱ棬ʵСҲô˵ʱȻûô򵥣˵ôѾﻢ£ֻܼ֪

˵ΪҪ벻£첻ɲ˲ܽ

ʹйŮǧ̫ôȻܶסڻʹ߷̵ģԼһЩƷŮ̫࣬๬Ů̫ఴְƣʱʱ
ȻҲǾʹȥ˹⣬ڻʳǡڱɽƬڻʹֻǲ͢빤֡żࡢб֡¾ֵȶڴ˴

̫ס¼ҵ̫ǣƷߣǲ֮û취ÿֵֻסڹĲклôȻÿҪúáûôɣȻ̫ҲΪһ֮̿Сӡ

ס¼ҷݵͰҲãȣûг̿ӷǳѹÿ֮ʣס̫Ǿͻ취Ūȡů̿ⲻһӼ˾취뵽Сǰ

Զˡ
̫ڸСӣСȻûֵڹа취

ҲǷ̫Ϊ˵СҪ벻£Сӳϧн˾ˣеСȨϧн˾ûˮĵطж
ǸСӣԽîᣬԽţñ˳԰ŵλűˣҲһˡ

ǸˬˣȰһ䣬²ܲ͵ġ

СӲ֪뵽ʲôһЦعģֲɵͽȥͦ棬ӵ÷з˵ۻˣ˵ѩľˣҲǵһײľˣ֪ô¡

˵óϿңҲȷʵٻ̫ҲмøһȻɲˣҲ˵Ķǣôôô˴ȥͷѧʡͲܴģܴҲۣиʶͬСһȾ˵©죬Ҳܴ

Сֻ˵ڷ̫⻰м٣Ǿͼʼˡ֮⹬˶ӣ·Ұ˲٣õҪϢͰգϢôģ˼Ҳ˵ʵҲ̫ġ

⻰ﵹǲŻôôô˴ȥµĵطѩܽѵ
ָѩ




100.  Сʺʮ   ֻˮˣֵĶ

98

С̧ͷȥ, ֻͷ̫һۣԷƿĿ⣬ȥˮЩƵͻȻ̹, һ, ̽
ٰҰ¡

ʲô£̫ʶʡ
СӴͳһӹȥҲǶȥû

̫¶ɫ, ֣ⶼȥˣ϶, ҿɰ첻, Ҿôһ˵, ҲºҲ², 档
Ҳ²⵱棬˵бۣĪʲô, ȴŵСͣƫƫͼ

°ɺٸʮ

һ, ٸʮʮ̫൱Ĳʲôˮ, ȻҲΪ˵̿Сǰ, ֪˵Ƕջ
û̿, ̫ȴһ㺹, ҧź, һһ, ƺʲôѵľ

СһЦ, վļ򣺡ô˵ˡ˵꣬Ҳûȷ̫Ӧʹ, ˭֪̫ͻȻվ

ˣ˲˵ǵãָӣӣҴ㻻£Ҫ㣬ȷʵ֪

СվŲ

СӰæѩС׿ӣͬ磬ѩƽãֻɨС̫࿴أС׿Ӿ֮һСӽŵ֮㣬ȻºѸ룬ΪûҲû鵽ͷȥ˵Ҳģ²Ͳã˵ĻԴ

̫һ˵󣬾ʹڵĴ
ʵ뻻£Ҳᶯ˼Сӽ˵ÿһ仰̽ԥɣ˭֪Էôˬҵ޻֮Ҳ£һ㶼٣⹬˭ϧ

ңǶͳ˹Ҳԥԭ֮һûжȻ룬ʮòˡ

˵ô˵ӵȴûɡ
Сӿ֣ЦЦû˾ûˣ¡

*

ͥԺﰲ̨վűٺŪһųӡ
òҲעΣֻĿͶעվϴŮϡ

֪ѴҽúͻȻ¾ͷȴ£κ¶ԻʺΪǰᣬͻȻһôˣв֮˵ҲŻæѴҽѡ統

һʱ䣬˵¶Ŀ⡣
ͻȻһЩ˵򶨡

ʲô¶зΪ˲©°ǵһа׵ŻῪʼԾûﶼĬӦŻῪʼѡ˭֪ôϡ

Ȼһһ˷һֽдԼ䡢ᣬԼʲôʱ빬빬Ժںδ

£ֲˣ׷ס
ǰҲûˣĸҲûĹء
ҿɲд֡

Цְ˰дֲҪֻҪ˵У˰Ǵʡ
Ūһֽ·ȥ˳£Ȼʵľˡ

ΪҪдЩȺУһŮ˵мŲ
ǣ
Ҳ̫鷳ˡ

Թڶ࣬ЩԹȻӰ˵־ʹ֮ǰѾԤ뵽ֳ棬ԤԼôЩš

ʶȥ顣


ĴɢͷվǶ⿴˯ѣΪûţ˾̺ࡣ

޵˵ůʮůͣΪûȥֻҳѣͷҲû٣ɢڱ

ҪҪū澳ȥվ
ҡҡͷٿɣҲǿ㡣



˫ȭȻԸдҲԡ뵽Դ£뵽˸оʱ

˴СߣûԹûܹۣǽѵʱٷ¶ˣܺúõĳΪ֡
ôţһĿ˵Ըֱ뿪ɡ

ʱûˡ
һ˫۶˫ۡ

ǸϺˣΪºͣҷƢû뵽쾹˵ֻ


ֱһϸС𣺡ū澲д֣ɷŪʣ

ɡ

һɣָǹŮŪǰȥŪȻҪϣһЦѯǹŮʱ𣬻ܴ

ôһͷԸԸ⣬ֻҪʧȥѡʸģ밴ձȥ
һĸǰԽԽ࣬Է˶ӣôƺʲԸģΣҲֻܶһ۷׷ǰҲ˹ŮǼŮ



һֵġ

Ūһֽ߽ͳȥæˣŪܳսдõĶ

ߣҸطæ鰸˵

Ū¶֮ɫ
Ȼǲ֪ǺݣкˣǾԼд

˵ѣ˾Щɵ

ЦЦǽΪλŪôһ
֮ԻôͻȻͽ˹þǳ䲻⣬Щ˴౳зԸ˲ܰ£ǲĻأ

Һܶ˱˿ǵĹҲֻƬѣдף˿һʱ˵ѣɴ಻뵽ȥΪʱȹҪһ˵ǲſԲ©һԲ

ֺдѵЩ˾ͲдʱһʱˬºҲ̬ܶ˶Ϊ֮Ҳѡȥ˵ѡ
⣬һһ˵㣬ܶեЩ˵ʵ

ĵֶΣԭĶȻʹɴʱѲǵ㣬ǴԽ磬ֲһ߹˵ǽҲڣҪ˵֮Żʹһ

ȻôΨһĿģûп֮ˣҩ뾡ܵİ˽ɸѡҲɸѡ˵©֮㣬Ҫ֮ǰĴá

ȿɣѾÿԵ£òеķһԣȻŪ˵˵еΪ£ЩΪβ

ʵ˵ô࣬ҲΪ˽㲦ټ֮ǰ˵Ļȥ֡
صǰĸˣһߵһ١



ôһ˵ͲסӵŪʮֵľ
˾˿ֿĥĥŰǼֽݡ

ū澾˲Ϊǰٹ̹Ȼֻ˸ɨСŮһֵȥ˳󣬵ٹǷĵطŪԥԥ˵ղŰ˴д˲٣ʵԺܶ˵֮ԻԥҲѡķ򲻶ԡ

˵ͷ
ǾͲҪˣһֱֽŵһŪЩš

ȻΪжิӣţúȥǸһ飬ĻͰȹŮǰˣʮһ˵

ٸһ飬ΪμǷ˵ѣһΪӵ飬вٵ£һ˿һ

ΪֻҪˣȴˣҪһʱٶΪ˳װˮ룬ֻˮˣֵĶŻֳ




101.  Сʺʮһ   ֱĺιˡ

99

ͼЭ, ڰ֮ǰˡ
һʮŮһˣ, ٿžͦĿ

ûΪֻҪ, ȴʮ鷢չڴҶ֪, ӱûЩκ飬һɵģ

Щ˶ȥ, ˼, 鼸Ժɫ, Զǡ

Ū˾廹Щɻ, ЦŵЩ˼, ЩҪʱȥǱţȷֻ£, ѹ֮ö˵, Լͻᶷ, Ȱˮ, ʲô˼ȻԳˡ

, ʺ, ū, Ǳʲô˼, ԺгϢǺ˵ĿģȾҪõ, һ͵ڲ֮أֻš

Ū˾Լǰ׵˶һȴѾߣΪ鲻ͨȴû취˻顣

ʵѶ߹󣬼ǵճܸĸ谮΢˵㣬ǰʺ谮˸ݡ

ǿ֪ĹĹŮȦҲᣬڶŸĵλۿɼģŸҲͨеHǰȥŪȻʶլеն

ͲһˣŸδ߶һ棬ȻһЩ飬ڶŸҲŬЩHֵǰȥ
ô˵أܶණҲб׵ģŪҲԸѧԸͲ



Ȼһûѡϣ

ùõķƶȣʱķùȻЩܻһֳ㱻˴Ƶܻ
һŮģ˹վһԣùīһƬž

ҵûǻʺﵹǸļƵġܻ֮󣬷ùƺƽࡣ
ֱʡǹŮü˳۵˵

˭ֱʣԷȻˮˣȥѸɨɨһɨ͵Щץסѱ˼һùó

ǡǹŮԥԥ̧ͷǱߣ

⹬Ů˵ڣùȻϤǱߡָʲô΢һ£ùܣ˰£ץסֽҲǻãֻҪǣǾС

ǡ

Ҿ֪ûô򵥣ʾˣڴ㷴ˣǳס
ȹŮߺ󣬻谵ù૵

*

ʱһͷ£ͼ˶ʮָˣʱһƬЦӯӯǵüʱѡʹæֵĹŮǺǲ졣

ȻҲֻУʵ϶ԻʺΪ˸ˣǲֻ̫ĬĬؿš

ǽհɣ˾ķ¾֣ЩؿŶĹŮûоЩŪ
ᵽŪеĪ˿գԼ

𣿡˾弸
ȷʵе㡣

ЦеģҾ˵žĪ졣
۾ͦġ
Ҳе㡣

˾ͱٷ׷˵ѵҲؿռۣ˵ͷ

ͼŮ˵⣬⼸½ȹŮû⣬ٹûദмǸ̾ʺûӣ־϶Ů׺
˵ĸŮǻʺӹ޽ģĽͬʱʱյ࿴Ҳ׷ײĿ

սûҶﻹ裬ȴֵּӡ㾻֣վת֮ʿ˿Ŀ⣬вһɽҲȷֱͦЩ

һۡ
ȥɡ



䣬ðţЪˡ
˾Ū޵ȥһˣʱת㻹û˯ɫƶеĴϿ顣

ǰĿյϰһ̽Ѭ˾屧ᣬѬһԣƺʲôŪڴǰĽ̤ϣ㰴ȡ
˵ǰȣ˵ֻһûһġ

û˵㿴һۣҲû˵
ŪŲ˸˺һߵ˾ûûεŪˣֱƺôˡ

л˵顣
һ£˵Ůȥ빤ִѣ˵˵Ŵ

̽
ûĵϢżҼǰйһϵڹȷʵϴ˺ܶ飬żһдֻ࣬ǶЩԵСЩ޽ʱ򣬶żûǽ顣

ǰġ㡯ӰӰ´֪㣬ǰҲʱ֪Щ£ȴ򲡱˹Ȩ֮
֮ǰἰ̫ȴֹ֪̲סᣬû뵽ộžϢŴʹôꡣ

䡣
Ϊ֪мɻ䣬ǰ̽Σȴܾһֱ򲡱ṬȨ֮ŷü£ȲΪԱŽӡ

ȻأŪôͻȻ˵
ȻŪûж˾Ҳһɻ

ûֻǿ㡣
ع

Щ̣ҴҴū֪ԼԽˣЩ鲻ǡǻرܾܱġ

ǿ̬ȵת䣬һٳ̽
أ

ԼߣΪʵ֤뷨ûдʵ֮Իػһܶ԰˼£ܴһԭǰ֪ģԼģδ޽֮ǰɡ

һʼǲģҲûȥЩڱ˶ǲɴʣµľֻжˡ
ԽԺͽʵ۽Ӵǡ

Ҳ֪ں̬һֱǰͷԣֱԸڻҵľж

񰲹ٶϮ㲻ö֪̫ķӣͼĿĲǼ⹬˶и˵˼

Ҫżǻûȥٵȵȡ
ԣһ㶣ȴδ˵

*

Ů

дȥһδѡϣǹŮѡ
¹ù󣬱ס

ĺɫ٣ǻ谵һƬɫڻ谵˿Ʋ
¹ù̾˿תȥϵơ
̨ȼһƬλɫӿԶЩһЩطͿˡ

Ҳö룬ټôĬȥŮĴҲ֪ʱܸı䡣
Ҳ룬¶ˣŮǻˣɱ˹Ůǰʺʧ˶ˡ

¹ùýһ˲͵͵̾˿ǴεĴ㹻̹ģͲйһϵԸССĹŮ֮ܰǲصҲǱֵ˲ִ̽ŮϾɱǹӲд

ˣŮҲ˽ˣҪٽı͵ѡ

Ҳ֪ڻʺϾӪ꣬䲻úЩ¹ٷͥ࿹ӻܹȥû¹ŮٵһһϦܰɣǴ̫ʱھͿʼģ󹬲øǰΪ˽ɽΪ䣬û¹Ů٣ֻūʵγڴܣ

ʵȨȻҪӹȨ֣ǰʺͳй֣йȫʢ֮ʱµ͢ʮҲΪ˾ࡣǰҲǧ˿ƵĹϵ

йֱѹ̫Ϊ͢ʮȡйֵĵλŮ֮ҲʵΪֻܷ˵ū澡
õŮٶˣ뵱Ȼܶʱ򷴶ҪȥֺðͽЩ̫ǡ

ֻܿס˽мˣ
ʱ½̵Ůӣĵ£޲űǵ¡ŮӱѡᱻҵĸԻֻۣ˳ں֮УܶϤǱƽ֮µİ

ǰʺǸģҲһֱúܺã˹Ů̫֮ʱ£һѹһԼΪת䣬ΪԼڹ£һΪԼáϧз磬岻ãǰ̫һ£ʺԼͱסˣйһϵ׸Ӱ쵽ǰľơ

λ»ʺ󣬿ºСԴԿϣԱѣŮҽǰ;һ֮

ٹӴ⹬ǼطЩ̫߶ԽƵҲʧأǡɾҲûƾ֮ء

ǰʺ˹ŮһѣŲùŮֱҲֻάʮꡣ¹ùþôȥŮӲдǿûˣԺֻܼˮܣֱΪЩ˵Ľ̤

ֱĺιѩʳѩ޵




102.  Сʺʮ   ޼ǵְϲ

100

һССֱƷ̫, Ҳң
ŭһưڼϡƷȷʵʸ˵Ʒ̫ΪССʵֱ˾ƹ͢ɨ֮, ̫๬Ů, ɨĶǹܣȨ, ɶڵĹŮ˵ȴû๵ġ

йһ˾Ա, һйѱ, ֻʣ˾ƹŮ𷣵Ĺ˾Ů١ҲƹŮ
, ʵЩɫˡ

֪˵ЩҲķ, ȴܲ˵Ҳиɡ, ҲĲǵˡЩ˱Ĳ˵һ, ɾȥĸɾ, Ҳʹ, Ҳº۹⡭, Ƿ, ˵㡭

, ѩ, ֲ֪˭ûһȵıӻ, ЩֻԺҪЩūǵˣҲ֪мܻֻЩˡ

ų¹ùȥԵЩϵıӰ, ޽ǵİ׷֪ȥã૵ٵȵȣȵȡ

*

ʲô
仰һֱδʳڡ

ֱµһ죬ǰȥ밲عһ糣ٵʱ˸˻
ȥիˡ

իλڻʹĶǣں󹬵ķΧڣٹ󷽡
˵ɽʵ۾Ӫ꣬ǻʹۡڵΡ룬̽ǣľɭɭǰʯ֮Բͭ顮١

իֽٹ
իΪǰ壬е˽ʵչصĳΪ֮ءľ񣬽ʵõʿڣիƽʱǳһɽ֮

ҹѩܲľһ㱡ѩǳ嵭ζ

еʵһ۴ڵ˳ԼĪʮģɫǻҰףɢڼɫƺ̫ãһ㰵ɫüдƣԵúࡣ
ϲ£ϲ£һ񹦴

ʵȻǸ˵ģһĨǳЦֽ̧
޸°ɡ

칭֡
ʱ߽֮һ̫̣࣬ϰڷһӦʲˮˮ衢ۡӡ

իｨʵ۴һۣիȴǲˡһ֮˷齨ʵ۳޵ʵ۵ٺ滹Ҫġ

·
΢һҲ·Ǳ¶δի̫ǹʹ⡪

ʲôʵ̧С̴̫£һۣô˵ԥԥģ⵹㡣
æЦЦ֪½ջأڵ밲ʺãѾȵЩʱˡ

ʵŶһͻȻЦˣٹﵹǳ˳ˡ
ЦˣĲȴøˡ

ٹǽʵ۵ĵطԽʵ˵Ǭ幬Ϊ˽ܡʲôʱأٹ˲ܻ֪ȴպôǶϢ
ū澰²˿ӡ

ʵһֵʲô޽鲻ͲˣȥԺ󲻿ٷڰˡ
£ȥ

˿Լ֮ǰѰ˵˳˵ö죬ٲðѰ˵ɰһ³˴©ƶѣǻѰɡ
ի⣬һĴİ⵽

ɸϽ߰ɣɲĵطܷС̫ģɫҲʮֲá
ԴΪţ̫࿴ܹۣҧ촽ۿۿͺˡ





󣬿ﺬһ˵⡣
Ŵ󳨣һԵ̫ǾŲӣΨͷŽʵߣ߶ҪӼѡ

ʵţֻǿԶĹ⣬һĿĺĺ죬ĺһԵǵɫıӰȴ̫Ĺ߳Ρ

ۼȰã˳Žʵ۵񿴹ȥ
΢΢һ£û˵͵ȥƽʵ۵ɫ

ʵɫϲŭãŵ޼ǵְϲĺ죬ʺ˵ϺǳһЩҺһЩ۷ۣŮҡ

Ĳøˡ
룬СصְݽִСͻʺĳ谮ū澼ǵǴλʺְӣʹū澴˺ü¼ࡣ˵ϺȷʵãᱡɫС˳úá

߶߶˵黰ֵǽʵ۷ǵûֹĬĬţЩĿ͸¶һ˿ã廳
ʵתߣͻȻʵЩˣûΪɣ

Щˡû˵Ҳû˵ȻȻ˽ĥԼҪҪ˵ʵʵ»᲻ڱߴþãλϲŭ޳˭Ҳ֪᲻ײϼɻ䣬⻰Ȿͼɻ䣬ȻŲʣ

ɻû˵ϤԵĽʵ۾޵ʵûơ
ƣĶ

ʱ֨ˣֻһš
ʵͻȻ˶ٽŲĻʺܸùЩǣҲˡ

*

˴ի޹ֻǲһΪ֪
ϢͨģͨõϢ

ǲ֪ǰ˴ߵѾһĺ졣ŪС˭֪ϲĺ죬ڹʱΪ֪Ű˾ڶʩЧ򭡣

ԴŪĽ̸У֪һѶϢ˾Ȼģ԰ʹˣŹһ˿ڮĻᡣ

Ҫĸģ⻰ǰ˵˵ҲͰգҪѧԼϲǺĺҲʲôصɫܴȻҲܴ

ŪڨڨŶһҲֻһСߴߴ˵ˡ鿴һһۣڸʵ̫㣬̲ס̾˿ʧ̬ҲＱˡ

ʱ򣬼ûõģ岻绺
ҽʵ۵ӣҲ˽һģɴһףԳǰͷʵãĲ¼ɡ

ʵµû󣬾һ˳ͷ
ʵӰ˳ͷ󣬺󹬵˸֪֪ģ֪ǳˡ

ɳȴûիżҲ˸ѯΪû
ҲӴ⹬һѴΪǰͷкôⲻ֪һӾϣ㹻½洫÷зðŵĶš

׹һͷ亹ЩվǼЩҿûġ

һֱ磬Ϣ˵³ˡ
Ϣһһ˳ӱ³ˣ¸ˣٵ³իȥ˴
ȵ³˴ٽ¾δڴţ۵ˡ

˭
Ӵ⹬

˻ʵۻȥӴ⹬λûɵӣں㻹Ⱦλ˭ûֶΣӴ⹬иñ࿴İˣҲǳЦӴ⹬һɵӵͬʱѾ˵ʲô˲֪Ȼ

ˣֶΣ͹
Ȼûգ˭֪ʲôˣʲô¡

ñ˵⹬㣬˺ɫ㹻ҪСһHϴɾϵͭζǹϲϯ棡żǰǸС̼֣Ǯ˸С٣Ÿ˳кòڱѡ빬
Ȼǽ˹ģʿụ̃Ůܲμѡ㡣

ѵ

촽֣Ҳ˵˾ǣҲĸ꣬һҪġ˵ҲΪãϾ⹬ĿӣԼ˭֪ûб˵ߡ

ֳū֪вϲӴ⹬Ȼ͸öˡ

ʲô
ǰӴ⹬ֶȷʵ˱ģɵ⹬ľ֪ĲʲôѹͷҪ

ٹķ⣬뽩֣иƣɸҲиĲ֮˭Ҳκβ˭ôԶ׼ҪѰƾ֮ˡ
Ӵ⹬һǰͷҪƾֵ֮ˡ

һˡ
Ǽ˼ӣҲЦ

˵ţһС̫༱ܽȥˡ
ˢһվ




103.  Сʺʮ   ̽·Ӷǣ

101

μ, ¸ٰ

ʵͻȻ˵˳ԾˣҲûɫѰ, ùžЪ, ڹûô磬ʵ۵˹ſ, ϢŴֻܴҴһѾͳӭݡ


ʵ̧̧, Ƚ, ں, 졢˻һȺӿС

ùˣ
û, ûأһֱͷ, ʻ̧ͷ¿ˣ檸˴ţǻû, Ҫͬã

ʵ۱ƺڴеİ, Գһ, Ǵš

ȥ, ˾Ͷˡ
Ǹ޵, ټ, һûô, Ҳûʲôʳ, žʹüһ㣬ֻСЩʵͻȻͲ, Ȼѵأ⣬СӷԸ䣬СӾæȥˡ

ʱŷ˹ʮʳһſʵף棬ѻȸһֳʳе̫߽˳ţҲ˵Ŀȥ

һϰڷŵľʳó֪ŷƷʵüͷǳЩҲûʲôθڣö࣬ȵ٣˷ѡ
һĶʱҲҰˣһˡ

Щ޴룬ɿŵ˶ˣվҲʵͻȻʵǲԼʳ
һ£ͷ

ͬһãЩˡ

˸Եɣհĵˮ㳷ȥһЩִ١
ٱˡ

檡
ʵһ̾˵Ůɣ밲ĲӦٿִٵӣʵĪһлͽֲǳ˵ϻ

ԥ̧ͷһۣЩӣ۾ȴһЩ
檽ûôȥ߶һЩͺãԼõ޷ǱͬãȴǼЩ

޷˰ڰɡ

Դȥ׼
žʹȷʵе㺮ˣһҲǶ˺ụ̈ɰϡֻһͭӣ˺ܶˣмиʽӲˣӻһ
ܻȤİ˼ˣͼʳɿŻǺףٱȷŵ˵ˡ

վǰͨ죬Ǿġ찵̾ڣλͻСˣǺ֡鼸ŵĲˡ˭֪ʵ۾ȻЦˣЦ
Ȼõӡ

ϰߵǴСû䣬þûԹһˣϴλǡ˵ʵͻȻĬ

Ҳҽӻֻվţֱʵȥǰ¡
б·

ʳû취ţ̫Ҳ֪ô̺ͷʮΪ֮ʣ˿ӣʵš

ﻹ⣿ǰȣ浹ͦʡ
Ǻһģĸʡ

Ӳζ
ۣûжζ

ŹУʵ۲ۣ˺ܶˣһԵô졣
ֱ

Դʵ˵󣬶ʳȤֱ½ֻû¶˵ʵۻɹ£˵ٳԷʳųʣɺֲȥʵӰ쵽尲ʵ˵Լδ޳ɣ޷ٹȣΨٳԻȣĳʳ١

ʵݣܴһԭǴˣصθһֻһڣһֻһ٣ԽθԽᷳԣԽᷳԽθۡȻһг߷̵⣬û֪⴫Ҳû˸顣

õöЩվá꣬ʵһ߾һߵ
಻࣬ϵʳ¶ˣҲ룬񻰹в˵ˣĸʢ磬ǾԸ磬ʳ֣ɼҲҪԶģ񹦣żмٿڸ֮Ҳ¡һЦ

ʵֻЦû˵ûȥ˭Ҳ֪ȻĻʮָˡ
һۣٹʮվǼˣ޹ȥիիգڼһӦȥԸһ

ǡӦ
æҪлɽʵѾʱǰһƵˡ

һֱʵһߺȥ㡣
ūûɣһ۾вţмܡ

վЦˣûС
ǡǡôᡭ飬޷ˣôô׾͡Ͱ¸

Ҫ֪ÿĶǹ֮£ãǰǰһ¾ͿʼˣҪ٣Ҳѿʼ׼Щÿ״򲻶ʵҪʲôȥʵ˵һӦ񽻸ʵڱ棬ҲǱȥӴȨ

ҪĻЩǽʵ۵̬ȣȻν㣬Ͽʺݡͺÿ»ʺֵײʾʺݼλһ

ǲǺ͡û˵꣬Ͼʱлˡ

ʵŸǷŽʵõһ⣬֮࣬ǰȥȥСʳãָŷһˡŽʵʱԿɼĴã˵ǶԿڵģǲΪʳԿˣԲŻή¶衣

ûʳڣҲ
ֻԼ֪ʲôûϵʵۻͻȻΪǰûз£Ƶ·뿪ȥʵֽۣű¶ԼŽԼĴ

˼ȻѾˣͲŹ
ӽʵһһ˵ÿһ仰ÿһͣ٣Ǿ˼ǵġ

ȻҲһ⡣
һһνΪƤԸţϲָӣĸΪ˺Сָӣһ

Ʒ֮󣬾ȻѳԣͦóԵġȻ϶ֵİиѳԵĶūǸҶΪһͻԴСָӵģµʱҲûֻήūš

ʱɽʵˣ˱һͬˡ˵ʵۺϲҲǰĸһ䣬˵˹ĸһæھҲ̫Ҳǽʵͻ˵Ҫţһ뵽

þǾơ
ʵˣ󻹷

Ϣȥ칬¡²ðָ򶨺Щǵ
û˵ȴʶͦͦ֫



죬ҪˡյϢ󣬡ҧ
ҲΣ˭Ҳ֪Ȱ

Ѿ˽㻹֪ºʱҪȥ֣ǶʮȥģλڵʱҲûܹ¡

ȨзֹܣͻȻŪˣǶԷû¸ԼǱȻģ֪ǣķΧ͹ˣ̵Ҫࡢüࡢ˾ࡢ֪࣬ի估쵱ǣ¼ࡢż࣬ʱᡣ

ЩӣʺԺǺٻһֻҪ°Ĳ¿϶֮أ˭ҲҴڶֽšʱʺٶˣǲǾͿ˳ƶΪѹȨӹȥ
ҪǷĽʵ۵̬ͻ䣬ԺƲ޴Ӱ졣

ȥ˻ûʱʲôЩ겻ȥ¡
ҡҡͷʺ߸ջһȹŮûǵˣȥ˺ͽ˵ݹڣлʺǼŮʱ׷ʲôû֪Ϣݹ֪

ٹϢѾ㼫ˣڲյϢ

һȺС

ҲżڸżĲĴڣȰſͼ¡

˵Ҳǣ̽·Ӷǣżʲôһڰ֣˰ɣʱҲˣҪȥЪˡ




104.  Сʺʮģ   һ˺ӵĻʺ󡭡

102

ͬ, ȷżĴڣ֮һҹƺܶ˶ҹδߡ

, ȥ밲, ˺ŷֽ쾹Ȼ˱ȵŻǰʽޣϸִܷۿ¶, һҹδ˯

һʰҧЦǰһƺ˵ʲô, ιùôӵӭ˳, ֻܰ², һ˵С

ǰ밲ʺ, ̫ƽʱ޲ͬ͸żҳ, ƺ֪ʲô̫ᣬȻҲᡣ
ɱԽƽ, Խ궯㶼ü˵ֹǼûͷ, Ҳ뵱, ֹҲֹֻ

̫û̫, ˻¶ƣɫ, ˳ȥ, ߳, ǰס㣺û뵽, 檵С˻ʺԲôһ£ǳԤϡ

ͣ½Ų, תϣ˵ñһͷˮ

ЦʺﵹҲõ˱˻ԣʲô㲻֪
һ޹˵ֲĻ׳棬֪˵ʲô

㡪

ǰһæӺһѣָҲǣʺ￪ʲôЦ֪ЦҲͰգǲ֪˽㡪Ī֣빧ϲ¾˽Ȼġ

ˡ
ôޣ˵öʵƺɫ䵭ЩΣʵҲ˵ֻ౿׾

౿׾
²ǿ౿׾ǹһһˡ˿վŵˣҲվڲԶһɽۻ̬֮Ҳּɵġ

ǱˣΪ֪ʱСĵŻײ
ɫէէףû˵

Ȼ⿪Ǿˣ䣬ͱˡȻأλҲЩعɡ
תͻȻͣ£˵˷纮ղû밲Ҫ̫ҽƣ

ûϵͷתԼϣһʱЩûӦعæЦŵ氲ллֻССۣʦڣϾǼ䣬̫ҽʵڲҲǵñ²á

Ҳûٶ˵ʲô˵ͷ˲̨Զˡ
໥һۣɢȥ



ֱ˶ºڷϵ̫Żվ
ιù÷̫ůȥ

⹬Ҫˣȵס
̫Ц֣żʲô㲻Ȥ

Ȥ
ιùÿЦ⹬ûһ˻Ȥվһ࣬ͿĻ棬СʺҲˣȻΪ裬̫ΨһסģҲ֪̫ɵ̫

ĿǰλСʺȻǸ򵥵Ľɫǰ˶ۡ

ū澲˵Ҳȵס

̫̾ЦһʲôȲסģ̫ǻʵ۵ĵĸЩƽʱ֣ҲǸҶ֡ʺǰʺ֮ǰƴźͻʵֵò䣬Ҫ̺˵пȡ֮˴ţչ̫СҪ֪˰ʱˣһЩһЩʱ˾ʹˣˣǾͲˡ

ιù¶֮ɫ
˵Ŷ󣿾ͲĻӰˣӶʮ꣬ӶˣŸϻʺ󡣡

̫ů£ϣιùøЬĽŷڿϣ˴ϣ̫˿ιùõֺ˿ڲ裬ּ˵

ʵ䲻ǰģһǶм˽⣬ӦöżŮʺ󣬲ӦиʺҲúˣŵķҲǰʺԸʵŮɫϱ͹ѵǵֶ۴ģȥһ˺ӵĻʺ󣬲Ǹˡ


˵ҰŷǼ

ιùû˵˲Ͷˡ

ʲôȲסģ̫ǻʵ۵ĵĸЩƽʱ֣ҲǸҶ֡
֡

ݷҪֻ֪пɳ֮
Ȼϣòãֲó裬ʮͲϲ£˸̫մݹϵһƶûС

ū澶ˡǻʺ󡪡
̫ιù¶ЦɣλʺǸˣҲɫЩܽ

̫ں󹬻켣һ̫λ˵򵥣Щóġ
ūˡ



˵ʺǲǿ˰˵⣿ȥůЩ񲻰̲סŴī

ʱ򣬴īҴ

찲˴իӴ⹬ͳһƬѹУʱɫʮѿǹ˼ûзֱյϢ˺üڼ

ҹһûۣƣ˭֪˺ǲӲӥƷǵԽǡ

˭ûϵʺ󾹻ͻȻ𰲹ˣôīʺ϶֪ʲôŽô򣬿˵

ƾ£ҲǸһС¶첻ãҧ
īͷ˵

صӴ⹬󣬴īͷȥ˰סĺ
˵ûȾϷ纮Ȼ˽ڣȻҪӣʱڴϣͷɢ֬δʩɫЩҰס

īĻ촽ЦûЦ
īһؿ˵»ǿع˵ģūûȥ¼ѳ˹أ˾ӦöΪԼ㣬Ҳ˷һƬġ

ģпģԼȥ˺ӵӣ
㰲ʵЩԩˣ飬װ˶ԼôѣȻҲвɵĿദ

ﻹ˵Ӣ۲ʳ÷ԿຮӦܶеĵ

ףȻס
˻ԼڹЦع¶ڳЦĺùùǵ뷨ӣ鶼ϣһ仰뻣Ч̳衣

ĺùùã
ù˵öԣ⹬˭סΨһסľǱµĶͺӣСӡ

л㣬ͷīһˡ
лͲˣǷ֮£ūϻв£Ͳˣ˰Ӱɡ

ĿŴīȥıӰ˻սȭͷ

*

ʹĽ㡣
Ϸƽ˾ʵи㶯һС£ת˲ܴ˽֪ѾץüϢˡΪûץסУֻǿɵĳ̶ȣҲʲô

ǼȻߵ˵ǿǵģʲôʲôҲǧʧǡĶȹŮѵ⻰֮ǰ˵һΣ˵һ顣

աǾȹšȻʲô£ҲֱҺͱǣҶǽãѴһ

ģһúõ
ˣȥɻɡ

˶ɢˣ˺
鶼ˣ

ͷҪ˶ãͻū澡
һЦʱԼã˽ˣԶߵĵˡ

ûеˣǾһ鼸۲죬ЩŮҲ˼գѾݳɺüɡ
ôҪֺ֪˭С

£Ĳԥһ£ʵ

ΪڶͻżΪѾȥ˺ü죬һ㶯ûСȨùϣﱾʹãǽԵλȨʱƫƫﲻɽ˵˾úܳԾԼҲͦ벻ͨ

żʲôŲż˱żЦӯӯصģܿԼˡ
˵ɵ

㽫ʷڱʼϣһԵ˾æӵݹȥ⼸ûʱ֣ɽȴ겻
Ҳ˵룬ܻһҲܻ

һ
룬ʱ̸ĺ

ɣ
ѵ˵ľǺɣ˾

ü΢ƺеϣǳһµȼ˵




105.  Сʺʮ壩   ǻʺѾ

103

Ҳǹˡ
ʵԺ, Щ๬ѾδŲλãɾǵ߻Ժ󣬲ŷλ

˻Ӳŷ, ֪ɵݺͼ, ʵϺɵĵǸƷ֪أ˶֪δнչ, ǽ갾֪ͬһ˽, Ȯ²δ

ɽ, ȹ

, ɫ, ְ׵ܿƤĲ԰ףġһɫĶеļа, ˼Ƥë磬˴úصóʱҲݳɫ, ͣ۽Ѿϸϸơ

Ū, 
л

, ɲ, йŮǰϲ, Сصл
軹Ǳӹ, ɳΣ

ɾǳһ, Щò裡û뵽檲ִǰ, Ʒˡݼоɼһҩ, ֻôЩӡ

Ҳ֪ģҲֻΡһǵۺĴգһµĳһȥ̫밲

ӹǲã˶֪

ȻⶼǱϵԭʵԴ˻ʺЩӹǿҲûһأǽǰһǴգһǻˣζǹǲò

ΪΣʵ˶

뵽ݼֻû뵽ĺɣǰӽӺɸӡǰ磬ӡ

ɲû̫ãһ뿪ˣʼû˵ԼǸʲôġ
ѵֻ

鼸ûף㵹еͷʱӡ֤

*

̸
˳ɶڴһ濴һָʹȥȥǲ˻ˣ

ŮҩæӳȥǰŽС˳ǽǰȥˡ

̸ǰסǰ˳סں

ɶ˶ӵģһ߻ӣһʮӣ΢Щģһλƫƫλһಡһݱ΢պôһ˳ǺģʱǰѾס˺ɣֻס

һֱ˵Լţ÷磬쵹ϡ棬ȻȥҪ˵϶£

˳ɷĿ촽ĽСֻй̬֮ɿо˵ӣȴûʲôϵм

ҲżϻūѾСȥˡūһԸͣԶǷǣ˵ȥݼʺأϾϴλʺ屧ǻأɸպ÷˲ûȥ

˳һۣҲǸɵģ˵ǵȥݼʺ˭ţô֮ǰûȥƫƫϵ˵½ʺȥˣ

⡭

˵𿴺ƽһӣʵšɲǸ򵥵ģ⹬ﲻóȴ˻ӵģĸûʸ棬Ψҵ껹ٹʱעˣһ̸ֱ꣬ܰȰ߻󡣡

˵߻ųЩС޲ֳ󣬹ؼҲû˽вǱ¡

㵱עҩĹעЩ֡

˳ûصһۣҩɵеίĪЩ칫ۺˣͻȻһ̸ǲԤı

ô˵˳ĶûһҧҪ̸

Ԥı᲻˵˳úݺݵһѣ۵ҩỨֱתȴҷ

Ѿͷǿ̺꣬Ǵ˵㣬Ĺǻɣʵ˵˵˻ҩҲɰ˳ߣϹŮ

ū澴ˣū澰ɡҩһģһ氧

˳ɺȥůš

㶮ƨҪ֪ڷǼ鼴ɿ϶ͼŻȥ˵ôûȥٹûȥʹƫƫȥ

ͼʲôȻҩѧˣ˳ӵĻ˵

ң֪Ҫ֪˴˳ûطۡ

ҩĿһ˸ð취Ҫʮˣʮӣʮˣ϶֪Ϊʲô

˳ɵȻ֪ԼӴˣֲ֪ɣɵؿҩһۣʱӶˣСӴ˽

Ųӣͷɥģȷʵˣȥʲôūû

õĶˣ°ɡ˳ɲͷػָˡ

Сߺ˳ůѰﻹèץƵܾúɿ϶ȥʲôˣǳе֪ɵȥʲôˡ

ԽԽסҩʱʮӦѧˣȥһˡʵ˳룬ȥҶӣǵطĿڶ࣬ʺ˵

ҩȥ
һȥ˾ûȥˣ˳Ҳ˽ӣ˰

һֱҩʮ

ʮԿ½ʮ꣬˹Ŀ㣬Ϊڳӣʮݣݸݸߵġ
ȹ˳˰˳һѽ¡

Կ»˽ԸºʵĸҶʲô£

Ҳûʲô£˵ô˵˳ɻʵʵе˶ӡӲܻԿ֪ĳЩ˽ΪǾǴˮﰾġ

ΪߵĹŮһ齽һ֣ʮ̱Ѱ˿ɾ»ӺӲûкùٹˣסٹ

һסʮֱ꣬ʮʮ꣬ҵŴٹᵽ̸

ʮĸӶΪٰۡĥѲ߹ƽʱ˾ͻ⣬Ҳ˳СУޣҩǸõģ˳ŲǾֻжˡ

Կ󣬿ü΢ָڿá

һ˼˳ҲҴţҩɵվǶľͷ׮ӣƵıָʹȥϲùӡ

ȹӺͲ趼ˣԿ»Ǹ˼ӣ˳£ʣ಻ס֮ʣԿſĶͻȻͣˡ

ĸǲǲã

˳һ㶣һֱãֲǲ֪ͷĲҲ֪没Ǽٲ

Կ¿һۣʣ߻̽ĸ

˳һ㶣ָȥ߻˼Σǲͽҩһ㡣
ΣΣΣ

ֱһ㣡
Կ̾˿߻ǰôƵ

϶ûˡ

ʱ˳Ѿᵽ˲ͬѰζ
˵º߻йأ

Կûеͷȴ˵߻ǰòƵĸǸԸ߻ֲ׽ǰˣ־ǰҲ¶档

Ҷ֪˵

Կû˵ԴºݵĹϵ˶඼ŵӡǰʺ˺󣬶żҺͶشѹйһϵڹеشº֧ʵãҲ֪Եʶֱ֮θʳիͻȻѼ˽ºȻǺĸͻȻȥ

˵ͻȻͣ¡

˳ɱǸûĵģⳤƪһ¶ǴҶ֪ģʲô˵ġ

ĸûʺȱʲôԿͻȻ˹

ȱʲô˳һ㶣ž͵Ϊʺ󣬳߹󣬸ﳤģȱʲôֲ΢ū澵ģҪ̯ϻʺζҪЦѡ

Կе̲סˣϵĸ˵Щʲô㻰

ңʺȱɶȱɶȱɶ˳ƤӼֆ£˵˵ţͻȻһ£ǻʺѾ˻ʺıҿ϶̫󣡡

ǻʺ̫ȱʲô

ǵȻȱһӣ˳͵һİƣûѲյƷ˵˵




106.  Сʺʮ   

104

Կµ˵ͷû, ĸȥ־ʺ롣

ʺ룬ǾǸʺͶӣӹǲ, Ҳó, жӰڼ곤ĻҪôȱ, Ļӣͳ, ҪôǶ, ûҲܻﶼȨ, ˭ҲѶͳȥ, ֻ߻ӡ

ԣʮӣ
˳ɵ۾ͻȻü, ӡ

ʮͲ߻Ӵ󣬵ҲʮˣʮʮĻ, ߡ꣬²ĻƿС

, ¸˵˳ʮּ, , ˫ĿŹ⡣

˵, ӵĻвģ

, 㲻˵, ֪ʲô

뷨òã˳, һҪϥ̸ģ㿴㣬ñ߻Ӻ, ǿԸųڱ׾Ӵ򲻳ƨˣԱǿĸǻʺȱӸԼ϶Ҳѡ㲻ѡ

һԣҩѾóԾŴ죬춼ϲ£

*

˳ĸӵı㣬㲢֪
ߺܿӭһλͣλͲˣ

ƺȻ֮ǰ㷢ڽǣЦݣһ̬֮

檺ͼλ£ʺǵһΰǼҪ£ԹϤ˭˭Ҳ֪ǰճ檿ڱ׾˵˻ǵﲻˣԸΪǽѡ

һõ˶ܲ졣
鼸ǱΪǵзѣûʲôģû뵽˼Ҿǽģ

ڰĥҪʲôڣĴ̤壬ܰѼ֮°þƾ˱ֿܸ֮֮һ֮¹Ȩˮɡ
Ȼ˵ϰ߷¶ǰͷû뵽Ϊţšİæܲˣܰˣֱȫ

ֻͼʵʾã

ʶȥںȲ裬òƲŲյĲĭһһµƲţӷ·ʲô¡

ʱ侲

ѵʺǾó檲ǳĶ
㰮Щίֱڿ죬ΪڹҲûٵˣëһֱĲˡﻹ֮ǰ˵£ٸǣֻԸԭ³檡

ѾʮͣС˵ﲻֻλݣ̫СٻǻЩӰ졣δ֮ǰҲǹﳣͣ䲻˼λǻҪ

Ҳ˻ʺ֮ݲᣬλȴûڹ̬ǼҲһӸĵӡ

ܰڴ̬ʵѵãҲ˶ܳԾ
ѵ˵»ʺǺ

ѾҪˣæס
Ϊ˵֮ǰԷģǽƽ֮ˣȻʱѾ˵ˣͲϡ

ȣۿɼϲң檴˷ǰҲȷʵģȻ˵ЩԽˣ¼Ȼ˿Ϊ֮һԵ㡾ְΪЧȮ֮͡

ñ£ΰܰ׵ò

̬ЦȻǰòֳʡ
˵ʡʱζضЦЦ

ڼ䣬Ҫʵ࣬ÿһΣˣʮᳵ·֮Ի¸Ծǿ棬ȻˣǧĪŹûᡣ

ô˵
ǰƺʮġ

ЦʤȯգūŰ죬ã档Ϊ棬ȻҪֵøЩҪù˶֪ºģ²֪ࡣ

˵˵ҲΪ·

ȥ̳죬¹ش֪࣬ࡢü˾ЭͬģɽԹʣʵԽϸԽãʾӱ¡У¼Ҫǰիգ񹬼ࡢ¼ࡢżฺҲɶʡ

𣿡
ѵ⻹

룬͸һɹ⣺һа˳ǰǰ죬Ҳǰ죬ʾĲܣ˵ܡʱ

㾲ġ

촽Գ檾ڹʱһ˴ŵĵطţȲӣչӢ䡣

ñʲôطӱȽϺʣ

⡪ЦЩΣҲЩɣ檾û취ˣǵԼãϾ£ݳ檲졣

˵ҲûϾ³̶֪Ҳû취嵽ĳϡ

㾲Ĭ˼ڵͷȲ裬ʵעһֱϡ
һֱЩҪ˵ʲôͼͷ޵Σⲻ

æ檲Ǹ˼ңǳ֪׾棬ôҪ⡣
ͷ˵öԣñ롣

ûԷô˵һ£ʺ˵ҲûΪȷһֵűիҲûˣǧĪǡ

ȻձڷôʥıߣҲǸһЩ⡣

վЦǳ檾Ͳˣﻹ£ȸˡ

˽ߺ飺ǡ
ûʲôġ˵ţеԥʲôū澻Щûס

ȷʵ֮ǰôģ̬̫ˣڵ̲ס񾭡

һֱ봹ͷվͻȻЩ죬ɫҲЩūҪ

һæŪʹɫŪ˶ȥˣֻ鼸

ǧġó׳ŵ˵Щܾᣬ½ǣ½Ǵˡ

ô˵

յʱ䲻кܶ²֪ʮطΪ󹬰ʵܡ࣬ǹŹеĳܺͬʱҲűӪµ˽

ˣҪι͸ԻŸصĲݳͻׯЩط˹Ӧʹ⣬һĽЩ֧뻧ͬͬʱΪ˽Ĺϵ໹ǣ

üࡢ˾ࡢ֪ȣƽ棬Ϊǣһ֮ǣǰ󹬣ûһǼ򵥵ġ

ֻǸͨĹŮһ֪ĺ⼸ҲΪԼţܵŲɷԼǻ

ʵ۲꣬˾ƺڸͥ࿹Ȩ䣬趫쳯Ұ⣬Щէ۵̫ǿνȨ죬һеƵĻʺܿġ

üСѲûЩں󹬾ӪĹǣЩ˶ΪԲΪܲеƣڿӡ
㵱Ȼ

ܺã²Ҫ˵Ŀһۣȥɡ
ǣ

ĬĬȥ




107.  Сʺʮߣ   ײ

105

ǲ֪϶뵽֮ǰԵġܻһ, Ҳ

ѣºĵ㲦ڶ, һμʶʹɱ˲ѪҲ, ǴˣҲǸѾ߳, ﶮûȨİ

ŪҲˡ

ֻ뵽˻Ҳϡ

, ںͷҲһ, ȻҲԼ˼, ˲ǱΪ顣

, ûڣ˵İ, ˿ֳʲôӣֻǳưͿǼ°ˣպתƵڹһ, ʹɣէƵĵЩ̫, û˹Ȩ, Ժ󻹲֪ʲô

ʹº㲻İ, ֤ݣߵ˲˵, ߵ˵˲, ֻܴݺѪ̡
, ϲϵ, ԿҲǻ㾡ˡ

ϧһͷβû

, ﻹ첻죿Ūеԥūôð첻춼Ϊѡ


ǲ

*

ֱڶ죬˵Ĳʲô

Ǳ¼쵱Ҫ￴ЦվͷϹϾ

վһʮ̫̣࣬ǰڡѥȣˣͼᡣ

ͼῴͼһΩΩФɫ
ǹˣ£ġ

ﻹǿɣ¼ģܹ˾縺£ǳ幤

㲽·Ľ¿ţ˵Ĵǰѳſȡ㿴ÿһÿһ

һһ޵£ģ⼸վ͹ˣ֮ܳ

ģūһ۵ĿţͷūƤӵ£ȵս¡

˵Ц㡣
һЦҰɽţƼ¡

ص£͡
һԵæ˸ɰǰǺɰĹңһ涫Ͳ١

ʹá
ƾܣûֹӲҪȥ飬лͣ˳ȥ

ǱߵĽȥȥ죬ŪЦ񣡡

ЦЦ
ɲǱ͸ˡ

ʵۼȻ˻Ȼû˸ҲǸļ֮ǰû¶棬Ϊ˿Ȼ뿴ĶѾˣһֱûۿϾǼ䣬Լס

ʺװ£װ
Ȼܣ

ʺӣ̫ūţƲƵϻʺǽʵ۷µģǾͲװ£װ¾ǲѽʵ۷ǸҲѽʵ۷

һϹϾڵӣʺ󿴵ģȻǣǸʵۿģ̵Ĳǽʵ۵ơ

ǹƣܰǣ˱ϥ
㲢ں˭ƣƾͺãǰͶ

¼˺½ˡ

Ȼϣ¼ĵࡢ˾ࡢ֪ȶ׷ǰ֮û취õĿֻǹ꾡ֻҪи̬ȾС

һʱ䣬Եúæµ֮෴ǵ㲻˵䣬ÿȥ밲󹬾Ȼ쳣ƽ

룬㲢֪Ҳ̫ģΪۼżˡ

˶գ컹ûի֮⣬ӭʵիءȹ뿪ǰٹٺأ֮¾ͲǺŮɼˣһֱʱʵ۲ع

Ҫڶ۵ģʵϲЩ̫󣬳ͷӻ硣

ʵ۲û¶棬ĶǺŮǣ̫ͣˣ̫ߺЩˣһ־ƣֿһθ󣬱Ҳ뿪ˡ

ůλ˹˸ս԰£˵˻ȥ·ϱŵˣֻתȥ

ɢ˵ˣתӻá
ƻͨŵ˱ڹϣûѹ

ô£

Ů⽫ȥ˵ˡ

ԭߺ󣬷ҲٴҲˣߺҲȥһɢˣԻع

ݵ΢ûůοֻ߻ȥŮŵߣ˭֪ߵͤʱ˼˵ǿ˹

˵ʱ⻰ܺ˶˼

ʱŵȿģ˵ǰ³źܳͷ⿴ȥʱֻӰȥһתͷ˾ͻȥˡ

ʵҲŵòᣬϾûпʵڣ˻ȥһ˰᲻ˣֻԭؽ˰æʱɢ˻ع֮ʣһ·Ĺˣ˰æְӻá

˵ʶȥ㡣

һ㶣Ҳ״ΪοΪ֮ǰҲײ˹ϲ˵˵˹ƶ֪

ƽʱǵʲôˣ
һ㶣Ļһ򰲷ؼִˣƽճ˸밲ʺã㲻ġ

ʮͻǸˣ֤Ѿܶûˡһˣ˰

᲻԰ﲻɾǿϴǻʺѩ˾ţˣѩľ

ôʲôİ׵Ķ˵ɳ

ͷû㣬ľǼɣΪס

̧̧֣ˣ˵ЩûʲôãӲ񣬱Щġ
ЩôǰӱŵòԲ⻰û˸˵ʺԣָ¿Ҫִˡ

ȥѣЩ˵ĹûôײأǹǾҳ

ǲŹģǰһֻ֪ȥ꣬޷ԭҲû֤ݣôõĻţ˵

ܿ뷨ȥˡ

ʱڳ˹Ҳ˻ʺ˼ǾĬĿ˸˵
ɫؿ˵ɫɸܵĿ⣬һ£ֶһЦվ

檷϶˾ƣȥ˹
ȥǡ

æ˶վߣʶԼе㼱УŲȵŮŷŶԷ첽ˡ

㡪ѵֹΪһͨ籨ȥģֻлʺڣȻǻʺ⼸λɾûôˡ

ҡͷ

ȻյϢˣյϢٶȲ˵Ѿ·ˣҲ˵ڵѾڣھͿĶ죬ܲڸŵ֮ǰҳЩ˿

ʱˡ
йѽй⣬й

ɫҰףæȥסˣûйûУʺѾˣиλڣ¡

й
Ŀ⾪壬ͫȴɢȻŵòᡣ

ʵ̫ҽ𣿡
ѾȥˣֻǡֻǹѾԿǴϣ̫ҽԺֵ̫ҽıƽʱҪࡣ

ȥһߡ

ôˣջع˵԰ˣ˵˱ˣ磬ӵ˽

ĵεҲ׷׵ˣ󺮷硣

Ҳϡ棬ƽʱ⼸λ˭¶֪ȴΪ˱ŷ׷׵
ΪǻʺȱǶȥأĪģЩɬ

Ǳ̫Ҳ֪£ιùù̽ɲ֪ʱҲˣΪţҲûע

ײˣó˵ȥ˻µĵЩǿó
ʿչ׽аѹ˿ұ£ô˵ǽˡ




108.  Сʺʮˣ   Ѷ

106

Ȼ˷˼, ûǻ

ǰҲͷһˣǰӻʺﲻײһ, Ҳ֪·Ұ, 쾡ɺ£ˡó˵, ץסҰҪʬ, Ч, Ժ󻹸ҲҺˡЦӯӯص

, 㲻˵˵ü

һ, ЩίôﾹͻȻ檣ѵ˵ǹҲ, ﲻ뽫ʬΣ

⻰Щָˣͻʺ󲻶ԸôʱŻʺ˵˻
һʱ, ˾Ŀ˸Թۡ

˵ʲô, ֻǾ˵̫, ˻
ƲƲ죺ǳ檲˵˱ǡ

˿, ЦŴԲʺﲻѾȥ, ǹ, һ֪, Ҿ±ǡ

ʱιùҲ˵, λĵȵȰɡ

ﰲ

ڼ̫ҽ˵ʩ, ֿ˰ҩ˻Ͷ˻ȥ

Ѿж˹Ƿ
ӻñãǵգüƽʱųҲͰգʱ¶أ˺üѬӲ䣬˶ò̫

ûһ˸顣

ССһ˱ǲΪ棬֮ǰлʺ¾ͲܲΪ棬˭飬˶ԣñӾԼˡ

û֮ǰҹҶԣ

¯һŮ߽ȴǷߵĹˡ

һ¯ֻȵ¯ݸֽӹеģͬʱѯһ£⹬ŮԵҡҡͷ

¯ֽȥ衣
Σһ̲סȥǱߵ

ʱ⴫һ󶯾˽һ滹ѺС̫࣬Ҷʱһ

ʺū澴԰޹ִͤû˿ūų¸ѩܽȥѩڶ¥һѵ

ԴŮнӹһ
򿪣̯ڵϡ

ӳеһͷͷܳҲŨܣû͵ؿȥЩˡһɫѣǰɫһֵϣܶ۷ţ˹һ첼һЩϸһ

ƺ˿ףŮǰæֻһŮܳſ˸ΣһŮǾ֮ϡ΢һѺͷͱһ³ųŮ

Ϲŵĳ첼ǡ࡯ڵƹ¿ǹ߻谵طȥôһڳɲǻˡ

һʱ䣬̾˷еĵСŵɪ

ѽȻڹ֮£
⵽˭ģʺɲܷŹ

ɫһ䣬ȥɷŸ¯ĹŮǹŮ¶֮ɫҡͷ
˶ԣʮֻңע⵽Ρ

ˣǳʲôʺﻹȻ

氲
ʾ˵

ֻ̫ѩūΪ︴Ͱȴ˹쵹ͦӲ˵֪Щôѩ

£͵ˡ
԰ĺιѺ£̫౻ȥ󣬿ʼйǺܿƺ죬ֻӴϵ졣

˶ľüĺȲ衣
ܿһС̫ˡ

С̫Сӣѩɨ֮¡

ѩλ԰ϲ࣬Ŷ羰ˣΪɺ͹ס̫/һиͷͶ͸Ϊ԰Ъ;֮ء

󹬵ľٶ˵ھĲֹһˣ֮ҲйŮڹ˴ĥ벻Ͷģֻ´˿ڣΪ֪һΣǽʮ꣬˸Ů˵ǱƽģԾĸ˿ޡ

ȻⶼЩ֪µ˼٣ҲǰԺ˿Щ֪

϶ʣȻ⾮ôˣΪλˣʵľǳˮ֮ãȻˡ

תѩֽ;Ъ֮أǲ˵ģɽռ䣬ӻ磬԰̨ͤ¥ҪˣԷйҪû̺

СΪҲƽʱһɢˣҲͿֵˣ˭֪Ᾱᷢ£ɺԩҲûãǴѩѳģʱѩֻ˵

СӰͬһ𵱲С׿ӹˣ˵ǳǰи̫ҹС׿ӣ˵ȾơΪ̫಻죬ûȥ԰ºǸ̫ʹҴˡ

ʱһ䣬С׿ֻ˵±ƼڵôʱЩ˲ؽѩҲֻС׿ӺǸСӵ̫ɡ

ΪС׿ӺͬȾʱһ˯ǺܾܿǽźȾӣʵȥˡ

С׿ӱ˽ԩ
˵ûȾƣҲû˯ǳºСӲŽġ

֤ȫ෴Сһҧֻȥѩ飬ѩһƫ￴յĻ裬ͼԵֻʣиʣ֭ĲˡһҲŻ裬һµıѣȷʵСԡ

ҵʱ˯ЩƲ˲ҳԵġС׿Ӵԩ
ǼƽʱЪõģ

С׿ӱһ٣־亹ֱȷʵҵӣЩС˵ůͣ˯ӣջ裬˵濴š

ʱС׿ӻʲô׵ģ˻СӺңң˵ңݺҡ

ǧС׿Ӻ˺ıȴƫƫСƣСͿǸͬ粻ʲôˣŻ᲻ԸǽʣսҺȾҶûȥ

СҲˣվվȣ˵ǰԲС׿ӣ˵ҪĶࡣ

˵ûȾƣϵľǴӺδιʡ

ԣС׿׻ͷ䣬ȴ˵κα֮ʣֻ˵˹⺦

ȥС

ܿ죬СӾͱˡ
˻ûߵǰŵƮζιʱüͷһ塣˵СӾǴ¼ҵȷҵģҵʱں˯

õʱ㲻

Сӻ֪ʲô£ΪǺιͻ飬Ǳֳץס͵͵˯ģֻܾ͵ġ

СҲǽͷ۵ʵڳŲסˣŻ͵͵ȥ˽˼˯

Ҳιζ

Сûףʱһ󺮷紵ƺҲЩ˿ܻվŵˣڿѺһԵС׿ʱͫһ

ʱӻ⣬ѱյͬ磬ιȻûԹɫı仯

ںԣϵľνͣ

С˯֮ǰ˾ƵģʱЩκĴˡ
СģСġ

ȥС׿ˣ
СʶСĽûȥС׿ӡ

ʶС׿ӣ
СĲʶС׿ӣСġСġʱСҲʶԼ˵ˣͷ󺹡

ǲС׿Ӻı԰Żʺ
СûУСûС

ιƣЩʲô
˽鷽ŴһڵϣǳͰ£Сһ

㻹Ҳϣ
СûУûС

ͬѾˣ㻹Ҳϣιֵ

ԣСĿѣŵؿС׿ӣС׿ҡͷɴʱѾˣСҲ׹ιǹĻһ̱ڵء

˭ģ
û˷ԸСģСԼ

Σֻ̡




109.  Сʺʮţ   ǸС̫

107

ҹɫ, 䣬ѬѾż˺ü̿ȴƺûôůˡ

˸Ƿ, ˴һ۵Ҫ, վɢˣҲһֱ, ȥ˾ɣ

ʵ͸ôϽ˽, ˹, ˾ҲΪǣʺ, ټ˭ҲԸԼñ, ûʺû, ֻܴһ𶼰š

ʺãʡ
ʲô˾ˣȥ˾, ֪

Ǳںͻʺ˵, ʲô죿ϱ鿴Ų, ͸¶һɽ, Ҳ̬ȾԵм׶, ʺ, Σ


ٶþ

˼

ó, ȥ˾, Ҳ¶˵Ӳô󲻳, ˾㡣
˼˵˾̾ȫֻܴӣֲܰ˴ͬѥץ

ЦˣؿһۣǾġ
һ㶣ΪʺҪĥһû뵽ôˬ죬߹Ůһ£Żع

ʺʥȻˣǸλͶɢ˰ɡ

Ǹɢȥߵ졣
ȥ·ϣô뵽Ҫȥѩ

ū澿ʼû뵽ȥѩһС̫ࡣ
һС̫ࣿ

ͷʱūż˼طûѵ˿ڰ·һС̫࣬˵һӰѩķȥˣū澲Ŵ˹ȥ

ҲǲͶҽ˭֪ȻѵõĶ

һͻ
㿴С̫ĳû

һ㶣԰࣬ʱֺڣŵ࣬׻ղĵطС̫౳ŹվūֻǵͦߣͦݣūżҲûע⿴
ţһ˼˵˹ūȥѩ

üû˵֪Ϊ뵽

ϸ̾ͺ˲˶˵ǰһ˱ǣ֮ǰܾ֮£Ȼ϶ȥ飬ǡǡѩѵ

СӹС׿Ӻͬ磬Դ˿Ϸ죬ȥС׿ЪѵǺȾƵ֤ݣǣСӡ

е̫˳ˣ˳üֱ˼顣

ƫƫС׿ӺԩӲαСӱץʱҲȷʵʮֳԾȻȷʵ

ǲһˣȴΪݵĹϵĿ԰а飿
ֱ


ô

عŷѾˡůΣȻȥ˾һˣǺúõһҪ

ʲô֪ҲԼ

һʱǸȷʵ󲻳ʲôСҧŲ˵˭Ҳû취Ϳ˾θˣϣ˻ù˾˲ڷ

ͻȻе΢֮УЩ߸ϵĹȻҲʺƺûеǰȨʮŹϷ˹һ񣬹Ůͬ裬һ̫࣬Ҳö˽ֻ̣˾

˾̫ŵģ̫ǵǽʵۡ
ǰ㲻û򣬿ûУƺͻȻΪǰҪȥ˾࣬ȥ˾ɲΪ˳ãΪչȨ

ֻչȨܱ֤ƹĹ͢ȫ֤Уǡ
ϧǰ˸Կ¡

ֻǣ񡪡
ǸС̫ൽ˭

*

ҹɫ

˾˫£УƤƺڴ˯
һʮ̫࣬˫۾档

⣬ҽڶëȻ֮࣬Ҫ̾һһǽ֮ΧȴǽȻͬ

͵صͷ˴˯ˡ
̫յǰɵ

ôˣ

ȥյ̫æȥȲŵ֪ģǣĶСƣ˸Сָͷõģû

ɲУû֮ǰ˻һҪúõ󡣡
̫¶Ϊ֮ɫ֪

Ũ裬һЩˣбһۣ˵ɣС˶Ǯ

̫СЦɵĸǮ֪ġֱһţæģʵҲû٣Тɵƺȡ

龫
Цյϣһۼû㣬ҪøɲףССǮû

ɵɱŻӣҲΪТɵ̫һί֮ɫ˼Ȼת˾˵δ֮ôͰߡ

Ƕѹ磬ѹ磬ǿư鵱ǹ۶Ҳߵ˾һȻ͵˾ǸͲĻˣǮҲã·ҲգֻҪֻͣҪ˸ҽӡ

ܽ£б°¸ƽˡ
һ󣬶ǣ˴ŵǲ鵽·еϵϣһȥԼͻɵ

⹬˭Ҳ׸ԼУһüö֮˭˭˭˭˭˭ңǲͣǴҪһ¾ҲͰգһѸ£Ǿ˺Ƥ

һ㵽ʱԼȥ̫ʹôģɵôһ˵

ɵͷҪʲô£ӡ̫`ֺõ

һôӣСӶұǮˣõ㣿

ɵɲô˵۲Ҳǰչ̫ڨڨģ׷ײȥûʲôôҲΪ˾롣

СܻڣҲ֪ʲô㣡һš

£̫վסˣͨһ˳ƹ
ɵָ㡣

ۼ֮ǰˣкָ˵


ûˣۼ֪ʲôλûиûг裬⣬˭ǵү

Ȼʥϡ

֪ʥϣò᲻֪λʥʲôϵΪλ⼸˵СίΪܰȻգ

ʹɲʲôõطǹͷ£һϢûˣһְ취

Ϊû˸Ҷʹкʤû˸ҽ

ڴ̽й
ʲô

µ̬ȣ
λܲܶ

ʥ㶼ȣҪٻǾ׻˵ãҲȥ

³իȥ˴žȥѼ佻λˡûĲܹȥػˣĿСǮգϡŪȥ˱»ûի⹬ûʲô

̫౻ָһͷ亹֮࣬޵Ǹɵ¿ô죿
ôô졣

ǶӰǮ˻ȥ˻ȥԺѵҪĻ׸ҪǲˣǣλֻǣλӣӾ¡¡

úɸֵĿ⿴̫༤һ¶ʱˡ
ȥ졣




110.  Сʺ󣨶ʮ   Ȼ

108

һ˯û
, Ū˵˵˯, ̫⽻ȥ밲

һ, Щˡ
Ҳ˯ţڴϺŪ˵, ˰ȥû˿ǸС̫೤ʲô

һͬȥ˲٣Ҳǵʱ˵ײ˹, , Щˡ

Ϊ²̫ð, ˭֪˻, ˡ
һŻֻֽȼʾ͹ճһˡŵ͵̫ƵĺɴСñ, 봹ͷֻ¶˰ֱͦı, ߷򦣬ε졣

ʹֻа, Ҳϳ˭
Ȼ

û, ĴѾ, ŪŪȴû, ûǱ١ȻһЩ黭ҿ϶Ȳ, óġ, , ֻһܰġɡ

Ǳٺһͬȥѵ԰Ҳû̫С̫೤ֻ࣬ð㹻ϳˡ

Ҳˣ
Ϊβʱ, ԭ

鸡겻룬ȥ鷿ñ̺ĥīֽʽǰȫˣһࡣ

˰дڹкδסҪ©ˡ

Щʶ

ܾǰһ棬ȱЩȽ˴˵

*

ðţ˾ǱҲˡ

װŪŻģȷʵСӣѩ֮㣬Ѷ͵ѩٴȥСӲˣҲû˹עʵ˶֪Ҫ֢ڻʺϡ

СӹһˣҲǸ̫࣬ͨǸֲ̫鵽һ̫ϣһһ㣬鵽һ̫ϡ

̫˾Էֵ˾Է˾ƹϹ߲˺԰֮£̫ͷǸСͷ㱻գûеСӾͨͻΪɽĹ
̫౾ʵûʲôɵģиõĶʳ͹

˼˵͹ɵģ

ūҲ˵׼Ϊ̫໹иͬٹͬ罻ܺãҲƵ

Цʵཻ̫ʺܹΪŻݣ˵仰ĵϲϲҩ̫Ƕ֮ص˵Ҳ˾רģٶҲԸ˵

㲢

׼˾Ǳ߲ǿ϶ܲ飬Ϳô飬ʲôѾǺõģ˾Լص㣬Ҫô͹ҪôٹҲС

ڻ̲ȥͿԼˡ
ȥʹͶԷҪ˺ƤֵһǣΪ˾鵽ͣˣ

ܺ

͹ٹзټȥƱҪˣҲ鵽ǣӺͰ˻ӣ鵽ͻǣŻӡ⼸λӣʱǰɻᶯǶʵۿԸ⿴

齨ʵ۶꣬ǻ֮ĸʵԸΪһС¾ʧ棿

㻹ţ߽ȥ˳ȥ
˻̫ˡ

ģǸġ
˾ֽţ̫Ӧҹˣȵ죬ƫƫʱˡ

ٲȥˣ

ΪΣ鲻ʵ

ȥʲôȥ˾һˡ

*

ԴǴʾͳ֡

ˣ鼸Ҳ¹ֻ˵ãʲô¿ȥ죬ƽʱҪעЩ

ŮЩ֪һЩˣǰŮʾҪһЩʱѾټǰûЩŮùԿԹŮĹ۸вãǷһ£˽顣

ֻû뵽һŮȻôʾãȻıĳЩ£Щõġ

Ϣܿ졣

ʵ컹ûʲôȥ˾֪ʲô¼ʲô죬ҲҪ죬ͽɣһȥ˾ǾߵСӡ

Сȥ˾̫ˡ
Сȥ˾Ϊ£˾̫ʱֵ˼



𣿡

ˣ̫ͷɵõˣΪ鵽ͣ£Ǹ͹ٹ棬ҲǵʥϵķӦСӹ˵ʲôҲû˵̫Ҳ

̫ˣʹ˽ʵ۵̬ȡʹ˽

Űɣ͹ٹˣǶһ׼ˡ
վ˸СӰ˵㣬ѧŰɡ

ǣɵˣɵѩǸ˵С̫ࡪ
룺ˡ

ɸɵ

ٽһУЩʱЩ飬׷ףȻʹ˽Ǿ;ʹ˽⹬ﰡܶʱĿǶԵģЩʱ򣬲ҪĿ͵װƣ֪֪ã֪ԽܻԽá

̫һ㶣ǡ
Ǹɵ˾˶꣬²ɽ¶ˮһѽεԭ



ϣ͹ٹͱй˵˼ҪŲ

û죬˾ˣҲδ֮¡

ÿ컹ǰȥ밲ӱûʲôͬϸܷ֣ƺûôˣҲĬࡣ

̫ߵλûģ֮ǰ̫Խˣİˡ

ˣ˵ķ纮ܿͺˣ̫ƺͻȻÿ밲ʱҲ벻ʰˡﱾûʧȥ̫࿴ÿֻܺЩ޳վڽ὿۵ϣҲʼЩһһ֮ɫ

ڼ佨ʵһϴһ˷ûŷţСЩʳ

ʵߺ󣬵ڶڴ֮£˵ϾͿˣɼиļؿʱʱƣѹȨƽʺ˳

£ʮֲ죬ѿڵ

ǴܣϧһһӹҲˣڳҩظоҩƺҲˣúõһӡŶǣһģ

ȻӲʣǸúú̫еؿ˿Ѱ̫ҽ̫ҽô˵
Цһô˵ëúúýš

ʮֽǣתͷεû֨ɫһ
ӲҪô죬Ͼ⹬ȨʱǹǲǰǼڻϿ

ôûס
ɫҲ̫ãƺôɡûӦ̫á

εֿ˿ٿŵغ̫˵ë£û˵۹۱Ǳǹġ

أѵҲ

ɫЩΣæҵ๵أҪ̫ͻʺ˼

ʺ󣬴ô̫Цʵ

㣬ƺջع룬檽ʱջ̣Թܶﻹ̫ϤȻǾɼˣȷʵٹۡ

ǻʺͰ󹬵½£

㿴̫һۣЩ̫󵹴ʮȣɹؼʱ򻹲ڿӣҿûôҰġ

һ£̫Σ檽ⵣӣһùҲ°ѹ̫󡣡

ǻʺ̫ܵһۣصͷֿˣǵ

Ȼûʲô๵ġ̫˵ʺܵջġ

Ȼûʲô飬ǾôˡʵæǵЭ󹬣ûʵûк֮ǲǡ

ǡ




111.  Сʺ󣨶ʮһ   ǲǵ

109

֪ΪιϹ, ֻ𣿡ߺ̫Цŵ
֪ˡιùզ࣬͹, ǲ˲ֹһ㡣

ʺ֮, ʵ۴̫ŻηԾʵ۲ǣǰ, ί˻ʺȻҪ

Խʵȥ, Է˹Ȩ

۴ʥ, , Զһ, γҲΪһͲ, Ժòʧ

ʺҲûϵ
԰˵Сλʺ, ҵ뿴ֻƾһˣ־Լż߳һ·, ߵͷʱ, ȴǰһԽɽ, ָΣ

̫, ˵˵ιùÿ˿, æס
̫ЦЦû˵

*

Ӵʱ, ѾյϢ
ϲ, ϲ

ٺŪϲģǣڵ̵ĹŮҲ׷׺ϲ
ȷʵǴϲ, ʺֻͳ֮ȨĻʺ

Ȼϲÿ˶һµ
͵£ϲǹл͵Ĺˡ

ǣùõķĶùȻ
鰸ǰŮ˷ùһۣùá

ЩӣǲùͰһѻʺΧ̵ܽĶȹŮûǵˣ˺ܶϢҪһ

ǰͽ˲عأ˺üˣκùҲ˴ͻ˹ŮͷùЩǰ˵ѾôˣϾʺۿɼ

ôȥǿɸô죿

ʺȻˣȻӦȥл͡
ɡ

ˣȥɡ
˷ùһۣĬĬȥˡ

*

ΪҪǺһͬ񣿡

˶ɢ󣬵ֻʣԼˣ˾Щԥʵ˰죬ڴʱͺˡ

㵱ΪλὫȨó
⻰˵˾һ㶣ū֪

շ¡
˵ôΪʥϣŪʡ

Ϊʾ겻ĵЩȻǸǿǸʥϿ˳㻹ܽһ

յһڣɣ˹ȨȻǣͬϽ͡ȲǾӪѾã㶼ЩʱŹȨȻұ

ҲΪûȨһ𣬲˷ľְˡ

л͵г
Ƿùõˣ˶֪ġ

˵ǷùҪҪ

㵱Ȼδ֮ҡҡͷùúκùòһ̫͹̫߶̹̺Ƿͷȴ̫󣬶м仹Ź̫ʥһϵ

һϵͶǰùþǸˣƺԼ뿪ˣûֱһƱǰ磬Ϳһδϲˡ

ùòҪܣﾴУǸˣҲ֪ΪΪ֮

Щӣù¶漫٣ֻó߶һȴŮǣȻʲôµ˵Ƿùã˵顣

ǡ

*

ӱһ󺮷硣
С޶ͤˣæ˹ȥ

Ѿǣſڶ䡣
ѩ˽ӡ

ͤ㽲˾ˣطģͲɾ

̿裬ﻹи¯ʲôӶ

С¯ӣͤЦЦæǹŮ̿ãطģһЩ͵ȹŮ£Ƕ캮ضģҾЩ裬˭һ룬Ҳ

Ĵȡ
һ뽪СӲʵ֪ʲô£

ͤɫ֣
ǲǵˣ

ԣСһ㶣Ӻ˵𣿡
ͤͰѴµ˵ˡ

ԭ˰дСӣɾʵͤµһ͵ȹŮǰΪͤСܵܣŮв֪¾ʹͤ

ֻͤСǵʲôˣɱЩļǹŮסŤͷȴİ˽ʡŮǰһ˾еĹ˾רܹĽ𷣣ڵ˾ó顣

һʣ˳
ʵѾϸˣ©ûȥѰ˶żҵİߣǰȥû뵽ײͤ

ҲǣŮû䣬ҲڹﾭӪ꣬ǶżҰ߿ġ

㣬˵ڴң֪Ǻ˴Ϊʲô£

ͤҡҡͷԷǸ͵ȵİߣֻ֪ҪںδҲʲȻС˵˵ǲǵʲôˣȻԷ˴£

˴޽Ҳû·ȥˡ

ǲ㵱ʱСĵˣСӽüְͤοȻûеˣǾͲˣԺСЩǣ˵㵱ʱСĵʲôˡҲ˵ȥǵʱˣںδ˸ʶ㣬Ļ˿

˵ҵĻʲô񣿡

ԷܽͰѻʽ˶ʲôԸ˵ЩֶΡ

˵ͤ˶٣ƺСǰ˵ͦڵģ֮£в˵£Ҳ֪ٶͲԸ˵ˣҲע⣬ֻܷߡ

ͤû˵ǣæ˾ȰҪٹˡŮڻʺǰЩԵȹŮΨһĳ·ŮԸʺΪУȻܲ;Ͳ͡

ҲΪλǸˣûϸԭǲòš

ҲҪ룬ҲΪҧֻҪǵӣū֮ʵ㲻ʲô¡

ͤ˵֮߼ǲǢģƺû⣬ϸ֪ȱһһͤԸ˵СҲѯʣѾµʲôйˡ

лл㣬ңҿ»ڹǳģϻв£ܶģȥұǵʲôˡʵӦòʲô£ȻԷҲᰵдˡ

㵹ǸÿġͤʧЦ

СһЦ
⹬ȻҪѧÿ˶

*

ӹŮصϧн˾񣬴ֺ
صϧн˾

ϧн˾˾ƻʹн֮̿£ĴһֱΪտȻ𴦡н̿𴦣һڹ⣬Ϊ̿

н̿ϧн˾ǱȽϺõȥտȻ𴦼ضǳֿ࣬ûʲôˮ

óԵͦã˶к÷ʱŵ̫һټԺת˲ûˣЦЦ߲һȷ

ʮůͣϧн˾طʲôûУǲ̿ࡣﲻ̿裬𿻶յůһ߽һʮĵС̫ڵİĶ

ϣϥ̫࣬ͶҪһʮ꣬һʮ꣬ʮĺСһ̫ƵɫֻۣǺѰ̫һǰŲӣʮ̫ഩɫǶģȻҪȶ˸һЩ

ѾºˣҲճϡ

ѥӣϿϥ£ϰСһŵĹӣһԻиžƵС¯ӡ

̫Ƕˣڹ̺˵ūţƽʱ̫ǳԵķ϶ôʢ˵ԿʲˣҲܲ£һ⡣

ȻҲ̫ͨ࣬ʵеСȨ̫ǣӶñȽ
Ⱥȱůů߸С˱ơ

Ҳûһ

Կڲˡ

˵ʮǸ̫࣬͡
С֣͡ȴ͡͡ûʲôϵһ˫зۣɱΪƽʱһ˫зۣڴ˯ʵϴϲԣȴΪĺ

λн̿ҲСʵȨϧн˾ϵʮֶ࣬һ·Ȼ򲻵һ

ղµˡͷ¿ӵ
ɫһ




112.  Сʺ󣨶ʮ   ñ

110

ʲô¡
һžһߵ, ۼѾ˫պۿ죬мֺݾ

Ҳûʡ
µȻʲô, ˵ĶԹ, н֪̿Ҳ١Ҫ˵ȻͳԶ, Ҫ˵н̿µ´Щ񱣬ϲòС̫, Եһˡ

ҲǺ޷֮, ڲµµİ˼, Ͷ˺µ²Ըķߡн̿һ̫, µΪΪ, ˲ԸҲһˣͶ˷ߣµȻҶ

ôһμȥ, Ҳˣ˵µ¸þ˼, ƫƫҲǾ, Խִ, ϲҳЩѹ, ܲסѹ

һۻ, ɵϧн˾ƷǮ˾, Ͳ֪˶ٻ, ƫƫôһҷȵλϣ߶޷ҡ

һδҪˣµ˵ľ, н̿𡣡

û˵εȻ׻

̫ȥƽ˹Ҳһݣ̫඼׾ͽӷڼ䣬ٴ𸴡е̫˹ϵǵʱǮ£˸δģʹڻҺ󹬵ɡ

ҲˣʹйһС죬һ죬Ƿٶ߻˸δģᱻȥٸһҲ׳Ƶˢ硣

н̿µ¸˴죬רһ񣬴Ҫ˿Ӹ˿µʲôƺҲ˵

⹷飬ϲЩ֮£Ҳþʱһͬҿܰȥ͵

˿Ƴ˯ƵģΪĺֺڣײϡԷ߶Ǹ飬Ҳ࿴Եɣݲϸ

ͺǷߵ¸ɽ֣ҪŶˣԷҲο񼸾䣬һ˵лһߺȾƳԲˣһپƺ꣬쵽ˡ

˲پƣ͸ͻݺԼҲȥͷ˯ˡ

ߺ΢Щǵ۾

ǰһȲȴûˮȥ¯򿪣ֽ̿ͭͷա
ˮͿˣȥ˲Ȳ˵ȴֺûûζġ

յϣ°ַ˻ȥͻȻվ

*

ҹ
¼ҵһȷС

ҴӦѾãȥϧн˾Ҫ֪ȥĵطǲ̿ǵط繬Ҳûʲôˮ

˵ЩҲһǮΪԺϣû뵽¡ҼĻ˵ûˮܴͷȥи£ʲô£ְһѣҲ㹻ˡСӿЦ

аɣÿС
Ҳõңͷȥһܻȥ

Ҳǡ˶˶٣ֵϵ˳ȥ󻹵ţҲԺ²
õҩҶţϵССҲԼ

УҾˡ
ȵȣСӽסʵҾͺһ£ǲڸλ

СӺʹһͬʵʩģû˱СӸǰ˵˺εȴ¡ǰ˵ļƻ;˵Ϊֱڲʵûа취

СǾʿмΪƶһӶȥʱȥ˵ڷԡ

ô˹ΪĽ˹ҲܸЩϵΪ˿㣬Ͱᵽ˾ǣٺˣֻʣܵܡ

Ĳ֮£ҲܹܵҲ˼ȢϱϧܵʵǸûģͻȻüˣϱعˣһ֮ԲڴëӣãѰ˼ܻܲĲ£Ҳܿ¼

ڹ⵱ʵ̫вϡ棬ʮű鲼﹬⣬ҲкܶҪڹġϧʵû·ţǰͻȻѰţɶԷܰ˼뼸գҧӦˡ

̾ǰԤϵǰţ֮࣬Ҳһ־¡ΪԷܳƵ©ˣҹȻҲԷԤϣǣУ򹩳ıֻһƤ֮࣬ȥˡ

º֮ҲѰ˼±󵽵ײʲôǰΪҪô˭
˼룬뵽λͷϡ

λֱʣλԺ治ˡ

ʵ£ǲҪʣкôûлͷǴ

ҲǣҶҪ뿪⹬ˣСʧЦһǾףԺܲҡֱϣʱǧҪҡ

˽Ųͣһ£ġ

*

Դ¹Ȩ
ʵ˵ҲûʲôҪ

ʺƹҲֻܹܹܺо·ʳżࡣÿ·ٺļѣЩи˸ΨһĲ˱ʱŽӡͷǸ

ǰӼûʱʵʺƸ߸ϣʵǸ裬һʵȨޡ

ýӡʵǰڸӣ˱飬Ҳݲ๣ΪĹʵ̫ϸˣ󵽺ǵвأСһԼ⣬жɡ
ȻҲ⣬ǰòó衣

ӽ֮ʼһһĹѺ󹬵ŮȦͷǻʺĽӡϣȴֻڵ㻭ȦȦ֮⣬һϡ
ɼˣʺıȻŮ׷𡣿Ϊ֮㲻֮ԣȴ赲ȥ׷

ڣһ֮ǰ㲻Ըģ
䵭Ҳסû¾ҽ

ôһȥƺ֪ͻʺˡ

˵ڴʲô⣿
ñְɡ㵭һЦ˵Ҳ絭ᡣ

üŪƺеգ۾ЩҲױҲе㲻ԣ̲סȥ飬ܵõһЩϢ

㿴ʧЦ
̾

Ǿ仰Ʋֻۣӡ֡һʾ׶ߣкҪʺ֣
Ȼ̫֮¡

Դǰ̫˺󣬽ʵ۾Ͳ̫ӵ£̫ҪʵҲСˣڻʵͷͲСˣ֪ܻ꣬ݲ˲ż

ΪҪûʺֵ⣿
ȻΪʺûжӡ

ȷ˵ʺһֱûͽʵԲȻ˺ӡǶϤΪǿϻʺ⡣

ֲò˵ʵҲʺûжӣУ͹У㲻úƣǼϻʺǾ¹˭˵ˡ

ҲΪλ̾ԭڡ

ˣôϲ

ٿ첽˽

£
ū澷ſū˽´ǸС̫ˡ

ü
ϧн˾ˣ̿

ָ߬ҡ




113.  Сʺ󣨶ʮ   

111

һߺ͸ղ̿ĹŮ˵Ż, һ۽ŲԶһŮ
Լѣڼ˷棬֮, ȥָʱ, վڱ֮û뵽˼ס˳ࡣ

ǵ, Ͳ²⵽ΪδžΪ˲֮ǰ԰Ǽ¡С, ЩڹҲûʲô˽, ˵, ֻǼ¡
Ȼ۽ǹŮվǴһ, ˣ΢΢һɡ

Եȱҹʱ, ˿֡

˵ϧн˾ĺ̿ãգй, ȥл͡

̿ӲľգӲľҲֲͬ, һľĺ̿, ҲֻǼλ

ū澷֮, ͡봹ͷ˵
ȥȥǡ

ǡ

ڱ, һ·

һ, ʵ, ûѡ, ֮Ҳ׸ֵʱˣȻϷΧ֮⡣

Խһƻƽط, ڵů
ů뿿ɫƵϣ㲻ΣҲ㲻ú⣬һֺܷɵ̬ǿнŵȭͷ֪ʵܽš

ū澲μ
ʲô֣飬ͷʵ

ͷū澽񡣡

Ĳ޳˫ƽֱƺǴȵʱڣȴΪݣ͸¶һӾµϸСüõģüֱֻͦϰ߹ȴƫƫε˹ƽһ۸С

ʱС

㲻Щ㱣ȡӣ֮⣿

˫ůͫʱųһɹâһδĹâҲȴڴ⣬ϤС

ǵã
ǵʲôͬʱһ֮С

ԭǵá
ƺЩʧҲЩ䣬ոиˡ

Ӧüǵʲôᡣ
ûʲô

ûлûлƺڿõģһ׹һֱŵ׶ȥֹʧ䣬ȴƺûκô

ū澵͵ģꡭ

ɤ˵ţǹɲþĸоڵЩ

Ҳǵһǵ֮ǰǼ˵һÿ䶼꣬ûм䡣ֻһΣһ֮ʣͻȻ˵ⶼǸĳͷҪģһ

ԣʲôµģ

ﱾԭ򣿡

Ȼֹ˫ӵ۾ƺ˴˶û⡣

ˣ˺ʹ˶Իֺܴ˴ϢУϤͼȻҲܶϤΪ̼ŵ˼

û֮ǰġеһУֻǸĹ¡

һС̫ʱܹĶݣ龫ǰаһ´ǰҲԭ֮һ

ͻȻǰܽŹ̫һ³ǰҲǷ˼󼫴

ϧǰⲻĿģΪһ£ʵ̫
Ҳǲ붮İõؽıӻ˵¾áʵʲô¾ãǰУڶ飬ЩġġHģ֮ͨͨ⣬һ὿ûеԺҲˡ

ɡ

ͻȻӿ˳²ŵ鱧٣Ҳŵ

ִûмΣЩ޴룬㶼ˣڵ

֪ͦôµǸ֣

ǵģһ֣Ϳˣֻû¶֮ǰȷ

ʵūҲûʲô

ǵ֪СӺС׿ӵĹϵ󣬲ݾߣ͸Ĵ֣ͷСʵġ

ϴûʲôͷ­򲻶ûͶã֪Сӵ󣬾ͶãȻСӱ˵

С׿⣬оҲ⣬֮СӽС׿ƭԼ˯СӺͷһ

֮ӹִģϧн˾Ƶ²֪ʲôҲҪҲ㹻ˡ

ȥģԺ԰ľ࣬ϵһϸײ֮ܲȥѩѶˣ֮ȥˮɰˡ

ȻСҲûֵֻëֲܲ¡

С׿ԩСҲȾ˯ˣһͷˮȴû뵽޵Ȼ١

ȻҲйϵ麦Լ֮ǰ±¶Ȼû뵽һֽʵҲһһ

ʵһжѣֻҪܰ׵Ҳǲ֮֮ݡ׼˾ʹߣҲ׷ףȻһ²һ£ǹһɡ

˾ķӦͽʵ۵̬ȡ
׷ףȻ¶ˣƲԶһ۵ķû뵽Կڻʺϣһ۵̫ϡ

ѾĿ࣬ȴ⡣

Ϊ
񰡡

Ҫʲô
ū뱨Чȫӻ֮



*

԰ٲȻʱڲͬȥ˻̣װعѩ԰ȫȻһֽȻͬľɫ

ÿѩǹæµʱ̡
̫๬Ůֳɨ㣬ɨѩɨѩεΡʱû취涼˼ɵģ˹ͳ֣طҲֻܰЩ˵·ûĵطǾȨǾˡ

ѩ԰ࡣ
ѩĹŮ̫࣬;ǡһ·ѾüͽˣˣʺٲȻҲ;ģȻûȤ

ǾˣǾͻع

ų˾ԵøģһҲŶȴ౧˸¯ԷһһģǾˣͰ¯û̿òԶһҲ㡣

ˣͱˣų

˾ί죬ִյһ÷ȥ÷㣬æ߹ȥҪŰ÷ժˡ

ҿһ֦ժһ֦һƬ÷־ͺˡʧЦ
ͺǱͺ˰ɣ￴ϣҲ÷ĸպûȥƿ÷Ҳ˯ðЩ

˵ô˵ʵ˾Ҳֻժ˼֦øųһŮš

ΧƬ÷תһȦܿ˿ôû
ǵģ԰Լõģ˾Ҳ֪ҪܵʦȻĪҪһ̫࣬˲ɣڶֶ࣬һС˳ϣ֮ǰ¸ˡ

룬Ҳû˺˵طĪ»԰ߡ
Ƭ÷֣ǸͤͤˮϷһãǓãǰһʯţͤʯϡ

ˮˮ㡣
Ϊ캮ضʱˮϽ˸Ӹܿкɫζƺι㣬Ǹ˼󶴣ʱʱˮ棬ƺں

ԶԶſ֣ȥǱ߿

߽һƣȻ¾˺ܶЩƽﱻŮ̫Ǿιţһ÷ֿɰɶûôˣƺƼˣнˮ棬ƺʳ

Ӵ˾循һ

ȴһ̫Ȼڣ˸֮ϣǸҲʵ͵ص˼¶ûܻصˮ

ȥһִǰЩżؿԽ֮·ԽԶı㡣

һʱ䣬˾ˣһԵļŮˣȥͣеĺ˵ָһЩ㿴ʧЦҡͷ

ţһˣһԴֵͣϵһӣϰһʯͷһֻһƺĿĵؾڵλãҲ˵һȺ⣬ԵЩԾ

˾ѵ

㿴ȥһ㶡
ʮԿ¡




114.  Сʺ󣨶ʮģ   ż

112

, ƺѾǵõʮӳʲôӡֻе˻ʵԺԿ¡
ǰǰԿŤ, ÿÿļ²ѡ

ʱԿ¼, һëߵıɫۣƺЩ, ϱǼⱻЩ졣ֻŴ磬֪ǹĻ, ȴû̵Ĺˡ

μĸ󡣡ԿҾ
ǡµָ߬, ǡֵرֳɻ

Ǹʵʮ, , ĸ˳ɡԿ°봹ͷ
ֻ, һ˫Լ˶еĿߵȴԵǸ, Щˣݵ̲סȥ²ǲ岻á

񡣡

ʹȥ, Ҳû취õĶ, Ϊ˲, Ҫʵǣ

մѩ, ûι, ѩͣ, ͹, ò˱棬ȴʳȥʳ˵, Կ½ǰʳ˾١

ֵͬʱ΢Щ׵˫Ҳ¶˳Ǻÿģ޳ǽȴƫƫָͷЩף˾˼˲⾪

ʮӣ֡

㰵̾һʵ̵̫أ
Կɫһȥöˣʵûʲô󰭣ҲǷʯͷ棬Щˡ

˶ܿ˵ѣֻǶһǲܻᶳģΪǺѾγ˶˾Ѿ߳һԵĹŮĸûԹ࣬ȻϵöҲû˵ʲôŮЩͬ顣

Կƺ˵ͷ
Ҳֻһ˲ͷ¶һĨЦĸҪ㣬͡
˵ţԥض£ƺЩȲˡ

˳ſȥȻֻʣһѾˡһǾ͸ϽȰŪˮ

ԿӦǣߵ㷽վĵطվϵʯͷһͷȥ㡣

ҲǱˣһϢ󾹷ص˺ü£ôһһ߸ϣԿ½㲦رһ㺹Ȼ˲

ˮһ̣Χ۵˶̲סһ̾Ҳ㡣
عЩӣԵԿ˵Ҫʳʱûȥӣ˾¡


ʳõȴͻȻûι£ŬԼԵúɫʳˮ

ˮʱ˻ͷˮܶˮʳŮñˣС˸ϡ
󷴵˾弸Ůιʳࡣ

ҪȥˣҲЩذɡ
ǡԿ¹˵ϵͺʯͷ뿪

˾Ŀѯ㣬ûԣ֪˼ʮۼû̵Ĺˣô๬ŮһͽȥЩЩõģƼˣ»ĸġ

ֻ÷ԸȥʮӰѶûȥ
ǡ

ϿŮûʲôģԵʮڳһڹŮʮӵĴţټϽĿãЩͬġ
ȻʮߺиĹŮʮҲǸġ

һӾõϹŮȥ˾˹ȥ֪Ҳ¶쳣ֻܸſȥ

ʮ˳˳ǹŮ

֮ǰҪ˸ȹŮֺ󣬾Ͱ˸˳оԹŮڹŮʺʾõ̬ʱԵں

ͺ˵Щ˵һŮ˶໰Ϊ󲻹أǰҲ빬͢϶ԹһЩİԲŻĶ໰һΪʺɽеһЩ顣

ϾΪʺ󣬹ķ涼˽⵽ۻ

ܱ裬ҲɣȻʣô

Ͱ֪Ĺ˳ɺͷԼʮӵһЩ˵ˡ
˳ɺʮǼΪģΪó裬Ϊ˳ǱԷǺޣһֱбĸ

⽫˳ĸӶٹӣ˵ӶҲܵʮֿ̡

ΪЩԹ˳֮뿪ٹȥ̸Ҳûкùȱʳ˿ҲͰգʮȥ˻˳ɵӵǺùЩʮڻȴû۸

С̫ǵĺӶǳ£˵һ궬죬˸ʮգڰҹϨˣʮӶ˸
Ƕʱź죬˰ҹ֪ˣҲʮ岢ã곤ЩźЩ

ȻԾ˵Ϊ֪Щġ
ΪЩģǰŻĸӶˣǰȻߴ·һһлδĸӱǣȴû뵽ⳡż

֪ⳡż˿ⰲţΪǰҲտʼ֪ѹܾЩΣһ˳Ϊ˵©죬֪νײԿ±ۣĸӶ˵ľİš

ȷʵΪ裬ҶСϾǻӣַԵ޹԰ߵ̫Ŵ򴥷ԼС̫࣬ΪС̫֮ĵܵܶˡ
䵱ʱǷö̫ӵʱ

Կ¹ⴥŭԸ꣬һʱͷŻ˺֡
һ˸ŹܵܵĶԿֽű

ȻҲûʲôʱãǽ˺ܶýƣŽʵ۶Լʱڹһϯ֮أɱϾǸʵĻʺҲһϵϣֻ߹Ůҩ̫ҽû룬½ֽ֦ͻػ

֮ԿĸӱͷӽڽӴԽԽĸӶˣԿµĴϻ۶£ȵľպʱżϵ˵ȥһ޹󣬱ıΪһӼ¡

һ˶ӣż˳룬Ҳܱ֤պȨл֮ء

֮˵żҺʮӽͬˣгʮӣ񣬼֮󣬽Կ¹ϻʵ۵ı
ϧ߹룬ء

Ϊ䣬һʱԼҪҪȥͶҩԿ¡
ϾԿ»ȥ֮϶ᱻ֪ʮжļȴҩĸǷǡ

ܶʱ⹬鶼ɼ֪ȴҪҪΪ
ǡǡʺҪ֤ģȻ׽ס˴©һһԣ¾ͻᱻ˾֪ʱ֪ʺͣ˭Źİѱ



ع˳˾Ŀ⿴ȥͼԶһˡ


ʹ˸մҪǰߣߵķ򣬶ϣ뵽Լļƻ㰴¸ӵǰߡ
˾ʶ˺һŮʺأ˾˿ЩȻ˿һֻĪ鲻ãǲҪսӡ

ôţߵǰʱæһȥǹĹأˣ˶õһԹվ֮ʣһȣҲǴˣ·Ըպһǰȥ

ۼҪˤ˸æǰѾˣʱ˹ȥ棬ˤԼϡ

泯ſŵģϡ
˶źѣҲ֪ڸʲôƫƫ˸˼Щˡ

֮ǰǼ磬ʲô⣬ٿۣƺԼԡ뵽ÿϳʲôģƫƫǼǲ
̫ˡ

ʱҲۣΪʲôҪһУǰԼܻԼǿһЩ
һУ뵽ǰһЩ£һζϮͷ




115.  Сʺ󣨶ʮ壩   ļƣˡ

113

ֱͨͨ
֪Ӧý, ƫƫֲҶҲǲ붯뵽λǸСĻʺ, ۵ɤҪ



Сӣ

СӵС̫, ȻСӣ, ʲôͲܾˡ
˵С̾˿, , ԺͽС

üͷ, ˼£ͽɡȡ, Ҽʹ, ۲䣬ԺһƷ¸еĶ˷ӡ



ʱʻ, ˸ųն³
ƴ죬, ޴ȥ, Ҳ޴, ֮͵İ½˹

Сʫ, Ҳ, ȴʷ, ֽ̫, ʹ㾳Ҳûѧᱰϥ
սʱͷ

, ף޾صĺڰͽɡȡӣҼʹˣ۲䣬ԺһƷ¸еĶ˷ӡ

ʵһ㶼Ʒ¸УЩΪ˹͵ΪһļƣˣҲ

֪֪ġ

*

صȥ£󣬻һƿȥ˻
רȥ̫ҽԺģõ͵ȥ

ȻˣҪõ㲢Ƿġ

ʮӵԺһֵ̫żС̫ϹϾš
棬ҩ

鷳ллĸ󡣡
ȻʮӲͣū澿ɵá

̫߳Сಽ͵Ժ⡣
ڼ̽ʺΪλͻȻ࿴ʮӣЦЦûдаա

˺СɫѿһС̫˹ʹɫСƴһ£һɻȥԼȴҴҳԺӡ

ԿװŶɫƿ
ǰ˳ϱֵҲһʺȷʵҩ

һже÷ǳ˳Ϊȴһֲ֮У
ͺʲôԤ

Կụ̈صţûʱĶ˴Ķ˴Υͣ

룬ͻȻһ
ʺ

ⲢһμλСʺ빬еڶ죬ڴˡʱվһڻУԶԶĿ̫ԣһĺͷڣ¹ڶǺʵģƫƫۣгһֿܺ޴롣

ʱ룬αأαذһ󹬣뻢ڡȻ˵ڹԿ署Цһ㽫Щ½йһ㣬ƺ߹Ҳûʲôǻòǡ

ţȴûģֱﶯ˼
ռƻǰʱãʱ룬Ųزʱ䣬󹬾ͽһŮӴĥһº͵Ļʺ

̫ºˣҲ̫ˣеǡֵĲһ˿Ҳһ
º͵˾һжݵһʵųͿܡ

ų⿹ܣ
ϤֵĿģ

Կɫһüŵķ򡪡˳˻ûѾ˽
ȺƵģʲô߲÷ˣû˹Ǿ͵

Կߵǰűߵ˳ɡ

˳һƽʱǰӣüۼŵƽʱɲҪӣֳֻԿǰ

˳ɵĻ˵ʱ˵ЩūţϾƽʱԿߣָЩūỵ̂ûŪҹϨˡ

ʹ֮󣬸𿻻̫൱ʱͱͽ˾˵ˣ˳¡ƽʱǶʩٲģ

ɽա

ĸ
˳ɱһʲô

Կ¶ҩʹ˸ɫŲҪ˽˳ɽˡ
˵ʲôһ

˳߶ţҲ˽ȥ£һ˳Ҳ̬ˣګګ졣

ˣԺſ˾ǡ

ĸҲ֪Լſˣ

˳ԹƲƲ죬һת˵ʺ˰˻ʹרҩ


˺ˣҲҪɫϰһСƿæһ˹˿ȥԿµ֣ĴȣǶã͸šҿĶ֣ĸϽҩҪ˼վܺáģоأ׼öһ˴ҵѩȲ֣ҩǧˮݡ

˳ɱŶӵһ˫֣ĸ꣬ੲݿʼ߶ˣ˱üɫ裬һͼΪġ

Կ±ЩĪûˣЩΣҲĸӡ

УģԸġ֪ڲĶĶע⣬ǵõҪģһ죬￪Ҳ١

ûסһ뵽ܵ˻ʺԵٶȥֺֺûʺ£Ժͳйӡ

ʱҡðۡûǰ̫ӺǰʺǹǺϻﺦģҲֻܰҶûھͱȥһˣȵͱȥһ̣ȵһ졭

ԿĬĬţзһĪı

*

㣬ȥˣ

ȥн̿˶֪˻ʺʶҪȥˡ
ϲȻҲԹ۵ģϾڹԹһЩҲ˽⡣

Ӧϲˣصݣ

ˣüͷúܽȻǺͬǿɲʲôõطҲ֪ǰĻʺ̫ӶûˣǰٰӿȥڰԼҲ˽ȥҼǵûǰҲûʶ㶼ˣ˵ǲľսã񡭡

͸磬ʱͬգҵΪԺ㡣

Цݣͻ㱲ŷʱѲǰǸС̫ࡣ
òڳˣǻҲûʶɾ㶼˫۾¡˭ϣ߷̵ūſžģһ˯ѣžͲǸοġ

⻰Ȼ˵ģô˵Ϊ⣬һֱͷ۸
Ҳǵʲôʱ뿪ˣΪ˴¿ʼ۸ģ۸ȥģͺȥҲû˸۸ˣҲڷˡ

ɵʵ̫࣬һƹϵͷѪڳ˿⵽ϧн˾սǵխǸյϧн˾ûõ˻ȥֵѰҩűסһ

Ҫ˵˵£˵һһҹЩҲ໥֣СҪڹû̫ܸ࣬ˣʼǰԼ׵ܵܣ񽥽¶Ǻ󣬷͵Ĺǡ

һԣһ֣ϧн˾Ҳ㰾ͷҪµŴǰ̲ˣҲˡ

ҪȥȻܸȥЩĽֱĸоȻҲǵ񣬱ϾʵڲǸȥ

͸磬һֱ⣿

ȻģɡЩһɫͼΪѿ˫зҲ˯м֮ɫ˵˵ȥȥ

ȷʵȥ͸Ҳ㡣뷢æҵĴ㡭

ʲô㣿ǳˣԼ˼ˣϧн˾Ĳ̿򽻵ȥõĵطֲøɻϧн˾ˮҲ٣滹С̫ǹӣʲôõģ

֪϶˵ϧн˾Ҳֻжܷһʱ˶е÷ùбµ˲⡭һµڣ˵зߡҪ㿴вУӰµ¸ɵȷȥߵλá

Խ˵Խף˵ž͵ȥʵУ
͸磬˵вУ

͵һۣɵײֻ֣ܱ졣

ȥҵĴ㣬ûϸ˵͸Ӧ֪һһˣΪˣҲ




116.  Сʺ󣨶ʮ   һ

114

ͱЩʲԸ, ڰ

ҲһӴϧн˾˵Ӱµ¸ɵҲ˵ɲɵõ, µǮ˾ĸɶ, µµü޸Ǯ˾׵ܵܵɵӣƾϵ, µн̿λ̩ɽ˵Ǯ˾˾﹫µˡ

˾﹫Щ͵̫˵, Ѿ, ﹫Ϊ˾ӡ̫, ǽʵ۵ĸ, ƹ˾֮£νȨ졣

ʹû﹫, ֻҪǻϧн˾Ǯ˾˵һԽȥĸɽ

һ·߲ͨԻһ·, ͷֻдϧн˾ȥ, ɳϧн˾ȥĶ

̫಻Щ͢Ա, , ٲͨ, ٻһط, ̫ܶ඼ǴС빬, ӽ˹, ϾͻϵӰӣȥ𴦸㣬ʹ, Ҳá

ֻܴ̫ȦȥʹȨƵʥϣʥֲȥǾֻһѡ񡪡
ȥ

λδӿﰵѺעҲֹһһܹѹУٳһïҲ¡
Ҫ֪˾﹫Ҳʥϻδǻ֮ǰЧŻнʱռ֮֮ϵĵλ

ЩͶɴ̬Щܽܣһ˵ǣײŵļ֡

룬µһԻƽӻ֪ܹʱµ¶ԷԽԽûԣָʲôʱͰѷ߳н̿Ǯ˾˼µǸҷԲʹ˸£µִҪ÷ߣٻһܰġߡҲǲС

ѵýô໰ͽüһһ롣

ȥܵõʺʶԺ󲻴Ҳıһȥ

ϧн˾ĬǮ˾һϵˣ﹫ҲֹǮ˾һĸ˴ҲǴһ飬ܰǮ˾һϵĺۼʱʮžɼ

Ȼ񲻻˵ʵȥҲᱻϻʺӡ˵Щ߷ּ٣һǹ˵أһвΪԼ˳ȥ
ֻЩ˼ǲʺϸ֪ġ

ȥ·ͰҲϧн˾ŪȥҲԺ˵µ²ٿ㣬ִ㣬ЩҶǰˡ

վһͻȻתһ
Ȼ㶼Ѿˣһ˵ʲô

¶ЦݣҾ㲻⣬ֻҰһ⡣
͵һۣüסĻ

ҵȻǡ

Ǻܾǰ˱˵Ҫڹ໥Ӧ⻰һӲ˵ȹһ棬ЩͶչˣҲμġ
һܹ˭Ķʺһˡ

ҵԺ󷢴ˣƵط̳ȥ
һ

*

ôСӣŪԥԥ

̫ģȷ˵ÿﶼ̫͹ŮıҪӰ˭
һùŮӶ̫࣬ǶЩȴӵĻҲһÿﶼһ̫λãҪǹЩ̫ǡ

̫λһֱǿŵģͰ̫λø
էֻ˭ЦºͶӣҲˣʮ̫ྐྵһ顣

ҲͰˣ˲֪߷̵һ̬Ȳһ㡣

ʲôСӣ
˶ôеģֻǵעʲô㲻ҹͬԼóŪҲˣС˵ūԺ˾ǡ

Ҵģ֪оɣƷ൱ֶ̫ܣǾҪӣССӣʲô

˵ǡ

Ūʵϴûһ̲סˣķ񣿡

㿴ҧҧӲͷƤ˵˵оɣɵ׶ȥöˣǼǰͷȷʵһǣɡūܾáܾá

Ū˵ȥˡ
ջľڣһԡŪŤӣ̾˿⻰϶Լ˵ģǲǸ鼸˽ĥˣ

Ū͵͵һۣ˵ͷ
ǼñӰྪţ˵ԱˣǶġ

Ūֹﷺᡣ
ʵ˵ǲ¼񣬲˵Դ׸ΪǡһЩĸεˣͻȻܳһˣһ᲻̫

ǸвܵˣδȻֹ֪ǶģҲһһңеʱҲǰﲻĵطͱ˵޷ԣʱ߾Ҫһˡ㻺

ȷʵŮ޷ģ̫ԼûôˡżҴʲôͿɸ̫ȥʱֻҪƣһ£ʱˡ
ϧԴһֱûҵε̫ࡣ

ѡ˾񣿡
ʮ̹Ȼͷ

аɣū֪ˡŪ

ڱŤεЦŵҲܸһӣȻ֪ҽһ̣ͶⱲӲˣһӲޣ



Ūû뵽Ҳ֪
ԣһ̣ĸ˽¾һӶˣһڹǲģҲŲġ

ŪԼмＸ˲š£ͱ٣ϸ˾壬ܸңΨһľǺ￪ģһӸĹ
û뵽ǣϲ˵ʵʲô֪


뵽ᣬŪҭֱ̲סſ˽㻳

㸧ķ٣Ůʮܳң⼸ҰģԼҲģʱҸ˼ңҸױļ޳ȥ

ū澲ŲҪˣûһö¼ùãڼɷԼڹﵱū̺ˣɷԲڼ̷ĸڼ˸С˼ҵǮ檲˵˼ŮҲãū澲ŲҪˣūҪһ̺ŪĿŵ

¼ùõ£ͳЩԶˣµ¡

ߵŮǿԼ˵ģҲһֱڹﲻܳȥÿ¶м̶ʱԻؼҡ
ùڵ˿ԳҵͣΪ᲻ùѣҲǼҾãڿûо˺·ѡңڼý¼һΪޡ

ǰǰ˵õģΪзļҾҲǺܺãʹӦ˻ùûǿԽ

ùüˣĲҲûΪǸ˸Ůϧ֮ʱӣԹҲȷʵһٵ¡
зʲôҲû˵ԼҪΪﴫڽӴùùǵԼʱڼңҲû취չɷ̺ˣͬ檣檵ӻùóġ

С檽ţڶ˸Сӣùڼҵʱ٣ЩҲּɡ

һȥ꣬һϵǺͺƽƽû뵽ùþһ˽ŰǻʮŮ

Ůùõӣô˵Ϊڼʱ٣ʵǸûʲô飬ΨһľŮǺҪ룬ǼȴŮˣ˵߿ԣӲߡ

ùţ¶תתͱϵǰ
ʺĲУһͨ˼һסģǾһּܲö˺룬׼ùôŮǻ˼־ӡ

¾ͽ죬Ϊ˰¡

ˣҲ˵ЩϵҲǶã˵ǵɾҪˡ˵ͷ

Ūū澲ŲҪˡ

˵ţů⴫һ󶯾
񼸸߽Խɴ֣ͿǰһĻһ¡

Ūæϥ
ɰˣʵͬʱʾŪȥʰԼŪſ޵ϡﻩ϶Щۼ

ĻѾˡ
ůǰվū澵ʱǼ˺ܳԾһ˵ūߵˣŵõ͹




117.  Сʺ󣨶ʮߣ   

115

óƺϲЩ, ϸｲ

˵ǻ˼ʲôˣʱʲô̬εɫ, ˵ʵûùú, вϾùڹŮ٣Ȩ, ÿµٺ٣е˰ۡ

, ùҲڼ, ˼һӺ˶ӵС檾һ, ÿӻȥ, ֶΪ

Ե˵ʺּܲ׼˺־ӣǻ˼ȫˡɷΪùľګô, ϻʺ֦ʮֺڣ¹ǴԼùôͷ

ùʵڱ͸, ɷͬ˵ģڵΪȷʵڼչɷ̺ĸ, ǧ򲻸òС檵ʹŰŮ
, ´ûǲŮ˼֪

ùʯ, ǻ˼Ҽ, ֻܴӦ롣

ĺ, СѾж, Ǹϲ, ôһҾǼùõŮڼйϺӣֲһֱڼźӡǺȥ, ˸ıһשͷ

ǹĵģвһĨЦ
ǸСȴȴϻĺϳصķڣŬװϵհ

ŪϥϿޡǼѾͷǸ黹У̫á

ūΪǣͷΪūǣ뵽ڰӣ뵽һӱò԰뵽۸Żһ뵽Цȴǿ¡
뵽ı仯ﱻ׶Ƶۡ

ʵ͸ĿĿǰ

ūʱùͻңŮԺ¸ǮҵӦòᱡǺӡ

ҿɿסܿסúڼŰôöû˷֣ü

¶΢Цūʱָùã°ӵӸҡ
ÿ¸Ǯãһǲ֪Ǵ˭ӣܸǺӡ

ˣ˼Ҳܰӣһջãʱ䳤˼еĸɩɩ
һԶҲã׶׳õ̫ˬͻ˵ĺãͻȻֻһһεĸʱţԷμǮ¡

û뵽㾹ܶԼС˼
оʶ̬Ȼĥо˼ǵС˼ȴ߹ᶮЩ

˿ȥ˸ţЩ㱣㱿ǰ뵽ԼۺǣԹд޾繡

Ƶһ㶣ȴʶʹŶӷƲסĺ죬Ϻӡ
ˣ˶Ū˼ôˣôˣǵеյ̫

Ǻһ£ûûū

㲻ǰԳū澣ǼҲǲãƫƫǼǲסǰעУ˺Ͳˡ

ɡ

ģҵģ
Ȼġ

ǾͲ˵ˡ

*

˵Żһ
˾λع˵ǹһ죬񹫹ǰȥ˵
һ㶡

һ֪ģϾǰڹ˶꣬Ҳ֪ǸʲôģʶͿ

ܵĿ⣬ƣȴǺ
˫ֻս
ģҲԲλࡣ

æƿĿ⣬
ʵǰ֪һֱԼݣεߣǰȴЩһһ˽˵Ľšǰû£뵽İ˼壬ȱ¶Լܼ˵ĴˣƵۡ

ƽЩãʹ죬ȥʲôû̺򱾹
δ䣬ůֱˣһ˫֣æ߹ȥ

ȥ鷿̺򱾹ī
ǡ

ˣµĹŮһվǣ֪ôźáѾںվһˣǸ¹Ůġ

ˣɵվ߰ɣҸһͬȥ

¹ŮӦǣһǰһȥ˵⡣



˾ƹн𷣣д֮Ҳ˾

֮ǰ̫ͽعˣȥλӹҪ㣬  ع̫ΪôҲûɫܸм̫ѣʱڹһѾܱסһ

վڵ̨µȺһ㲻֮ɫûС

عã߹¹Ů顣
ôˣλ񹫹أعʵ

̫࣬ʮˣعҪȼܷ˭˭ҲΪλȥԭ̫һŮӦģ

ǡֵ¶Ϊ֮ɫĲɣҼϰ֣񹫹һ̺īϰǼɻȥţ˲ȥ¾תҡ

عһ£⵹Ҳ޷ۼȥ񹫹ҲΪ̫죬ȻҲЩϤ񹫹Ҳ¡

Ҿͷˡ˿ǹͽ˰˾졣



ĥī⿴ӣר־д֡

д÷֣÷Ƕ֮䣬Զ֣лѤˣʮֻǰдСģڹʱϰıС÷ǲҲǽЩӲΪ˴ʱ䡣

һ£æͷȥĥī

ĴеĶ⣬īϺõͷޣͷīһ֣صīɫڷõͷĥīϣдϸ塢˳ʴͣīɢ

Ѿĥ˰īˣȴƺ޲еʽضţȴ
ⱲΪӵʱ

鰸ǰϸΪҪͷϰ԰ͷеͷ涼ȡˡںͷֻŷ٣޽Ǵһƣº֬δʩٲȻǸŮ˭뵽ǻʺ

û뵽̻ǲǡֻ
Ǻߡ

һ̫Ĵ䣬ۣΧߵĶǿޣͻȻ䣬ųǽ첻ӦţߵɢɢŮҵĹҡ

ײۣҹߣԼӴһ
ɳƴˣľӵ˺üﺢӶáĸ߹Ҳڽͷ׵ʱ򶼳һ顣

˵ûģĶˡ
ȴû뵽ѾԱԼʱ򣬱ǰŮһ顣

Ρ

ĥīûĥô࣬ôҿòˡ

һ΢΢ЦУعЦȴЩѣ˳˺üΡ

ū

ţ
æԳƣҡ

ʲô
ûʲôҡͷҲԺȻˡ

±ʣװֵģԼȥ

ڳҲһ⣬Ҳǰȴ֪ЩʱЩӱӺãѿʱһҪȥȰοЩ˿ڻԼĬĬµĺá




118.  Сʺ󣨶ʮˣ   ϧ

116

д, ԣ˵ÿЩҼǵ˵, Ҳд֣
, Ѿλóˣֻ߹ȥ, Ĭβд˼֡

дĲѧ壿΢΢ǰ, ƮǻС
ֻٹ塣

Ϊֻ˵, , ҲΪֻٹ, ȴдģ˽û, һ̫Ϊλ˽֣˲Լͬһ㡣

ʵҲݸ壬ҿںܶ˶дһֺõĹݸΪ

㱾ֻһ仰, Ҳǰȥ˾Ϊ˺ЩĹǺ͹ͬ, ˽һֲĹݸ, ˵˲Ĺٵ࿴

ںܶĹ, ̫Ƕ, Ȩ, Ҳǲ, ƽʱ򽻵Ц, ˽x˵Ĳ
֮˾ƴ󣬳ǱѡһͶҲ, ̶ܴϸһˡ

ȴһ㶣֪˽ݸ壿

鷨ǧ꣬ڹݸ֮ǰνǰٻôȻ࣬ͬʱҲб׶ˣǾǳ͢ȡʿÿÿһЩӦ߿дɷ裬ɿľѣƽ˷ʱ䡣

֮ڳ͢Ĵᳫ£дйĹݸ˳͢ȡʿԾʽ׼Ҳڹٳеһʽ塣
ٳùݸдĻᱻ˳Цһ̫ΪҪݸ壿

񲻽һ亹۽ȥ۲㣬ڷȷʵ̽Լһ
ʵݸҲ˽Ϊʱ䲻࣬дòá

д˼С֣˵дѿֻĺۼԣԶԶﲻݸҪĺƽֱڡ⡣
ǾͶддպĥôīīдҲ˷ˡ

˵⻰ȥһԺȲ裬ȤȻģôôǹġ޷ֻֽܾ̯˵д֡

һ˲٣ʮ࣬㱾붺Ū뿴ִٵӣҪ֪ӡһܵģɬıּ٣˭֪㻹գּһɰ࣬ƽͬ˹ȥһԿд

ǲ˽͵͵֣
ʱҸעҵѧҵǰҲ˵ѧҵܶ

ʵⲻԭ֮ǰֻ˵סһ󡣻˵Ҫ볯Ϊ٣ʣϦδ֪ҪǣճϢũ˴һ

ֻϧûǺ빬֪ԺԼѡġ

Ҽǵù̫಻ʶ֡

̫/ʵ۾˻¹ٲøĹأҲǼȡǰΪ䡣ֹؽΪ̫ȷʵʶ֣Ϊ˾ȶʮſȱҲΪ˼ܿЩŮǣҲΪ̫ãܽȥ˼١

ֲԱûпɽˣŻôһʡ

˽ѧҵһֱû

ﲻ̫ʶ֣·˴ӹ˽ʱ͵лѧʵѡҲһʼ˯Ǵ̣ͨʱٲ˽ҵطд֣ȺԼһ䣬˽־͸ˡ

˵ƽʱɻͺۣ㻹Ҫ˽͵͵֣ûѵǽ⣿֪ʱŲŵ鰸һ࣬°Ϳд֣һ߸˵

е˼룬ô뵽ǽˣǽҲܸ俪Ҳ־ء

ĳȻ֪û˼ôǽûɹǽɫȥйĵط£ûٸɹ

ҹ·ƣÿѲߵ̫ƹͣʱʵҲطһҸû˵ĵط·

ȻڹȻ֪Ѳߵʱ䣬ܿѡ·ƶǷʯɣΧͭ˿˻ó棬ÿһ·һѬǣʱãʱʵù

ʵ룬ҲʱԼҲԴƺͱһɾ
⹬Ҫ밾ͷ㱾ǾԲеģԸԳԼ£Լ뱨ĳ𣬱ҪŬ
ŬҲʧ׷ѡȻʹ⹬Ҳ޷֮ء

˵ǰһС̫࣬壬һЩҲЩص飬ڰҹмžĹ͢ӪӪѰŹ

ǰû˵ЩƺȻУѾܣԽЩȻܵģػȥϧ
һ̣ʮƽĽЩµСƬΣ񽥽Լϧ

źʵֽ˽Щİָдȴһ
Լе㱰ˣȴϲһУĲԼһʱܲȸãе˵ñ߳ܣǰƺûЩ



еʮ˳Ҳʱͽˡ
һֱվ棬Ƚعһˡ

ع߳һС̫ͷ˿վǶĿ뿪顣
λ񹫹ûء

عһۣҪȥʺ߰񹫹гСӴ
ɡ

⹬ﰡʱøӻҪģߵ˶󣬷ǾԸ˿Ӹ˰Ū㶼ԸôԸ⣿Ը⻤ţǾһֻ۱һֻ۹ȥˡ

ǡ

عһͷˣٹˣȽһǵūŵģٵ˾ٵˣ⹬ﲻ˶ȥˣһҲһҪҲ쿴һүү

˵ţб
عǶܴģȻҲû˸Ҽ쿴

С̫ͷСģңҡ
ǲˡ





žͿԼ鰸һ࣬°Ϳд֡
ӱ˵ﲢûʲô׵ĵط̬ܵ鲻һ㶣ߵĲͣڵ

£
㿴

عѾˡ

ʱҲʶԼ̬е㲻ԣվȥһԵ£ѾĲȡ
鿴ǲյһֵۣ˳ˡ

ᵽ˳ɣȲĶͣڵ鰸ҲͣдĶ
ôˣ

˳ʲôΪֺ㡣
ʵѾ˳ɵһˣǴδҩʹʮл˶֮ǲܡ

߶٣ǰͷиţ˳Ȼۣ۲˲֪˳ڴʲô⡣
˺࣬˳⣬֪˲١

Ϊ£￴ƽ޲ʵϰȴϡԶһ۽ȨֶŮʧ裬ٲȻͷʢһиͻʺ֣˳һԶϣþԵøΪӣӸû취ôͣ

û˶Ϊ̽ƣȾһǸӿ
Ҳ֪˳ܲᷳ

ū˵ʹ˸ӣ˳ɳ˺üū澼ί֮ɫ߿ġ

²˵Ҳ֪

ȻöʤȯգȻ˰·ʳܶԸʺѵܶԸһ˳ɣ˳Ӹⲻù˵ʮǶҲһͣ»ġ

ϢԴԽԽˣҲ˵żҵİߣϵǱߵĹŮһЩڹҲǰ״ģ˳÷ôһȻԼϢԴ

ϢԴȹŮΪѸݡ

ʮҲͬˣ˳˵ˣʮΪТ˳ǰ࣬ˣҲС

˳ɵǻˣΣ߿״档
˵ʮҲˣŵĺʳ׷һۡ




119.  Сʺ󣨶ʮţ   ϧ˭䡭

117

ǽɡ, ׼ȥϢ͵Ĳ

һʺ˷طǰΪ糯֮, ΪϢ֮, бΪʽ, ů֮ůĵط, һǽ˵, 鷿ůС

ȥ˲, , Ů衣
˹ûз, ߵλþʮģһЩţڵҲɽ, һ

նϲ裬˳ɾʹԿ½ˡ
˳ǰ, Կ¿һ, Կﻹһʳ, װࡣ

Ȼһ, ʰ, ˳һ˵, һ߾˫Ĵ۾, ﻹݡ

㵹˳Ǹˡ
ƲǰԹ˳ɿɴǸӣǰԿδǻ֮ǰ, ȴһֱ۵ӳ֣һֱƺ󣬲ű¶ԼʵԸ

Թǰ䣬˳
˸ģʾ˶ɾɲ¶ԼֻеõʤԺ

ǰԿ¼º˳ΪòȡϧӲԼ˽ʮꡣ

ʮ꣡
㣬Ӧ߰꣬ɼʹʱҲ̣ʱкüΪ˳ɻˣ˾ںڰһߣΪ˲ʳǱֱһڲŻ¶

ʮǣԼǰˣȻװϹ˳˳ɵĻԿ£ڼǲԵ׺ǡ¶졣
˳ɾִһ£Цûʲôʮ·Сˤˡ

ˤˣͬҲˤۣ

Կ½ȭͷлްԵ衢ѿ̣ɬڷ·𱻷ֳˣһ˸˾װģڹⲩȡͬ飬һڸȷʵװģǴñҲʵġ

ûкԿ°봹µѿ

Ѫյ꣬˭ûأ֪ӦȥʲôȴԿơ
Կô˵ĺۼȡͬ飬ԿǼΪѿ

ңǰԿȷʵһֱʮֺãԶżҶ⹫ңҲǸ١
񣬳˲֪ʱ˲е˼˳ɡ

ʮӵ£ʳиū澰ɡ

˼̧۾ͿıӰǰʳеĶõסԿ£ҲѹҸӵ

ӹʳкʸ㿴
úճӾ֪ӲʮַḻдС޲Ӻ춹̶ȵȣʳĶǼΪ򵥵ģװһ롣

һ࣬Ͷǰһգȵ˵ǳࡣ

ȥźãԡ

ǲỵģȵҪʱ΢ˮһܳˡȻڹͨѫ󳼼УҲû˻Ըҹ࣬ȻӣǶ衣
˳¶ϲЦݣԿµɫҲࡣ

㲢ûж˳ĸӣֻԿµѧҵˡʱǶЩϲ֮̿ڵģŲԣϸܷǡǡ˳ĸӴʱȱġ

ѵ˳ĸӣȻ̫Եֻ֣ǿ˿˳ڵķԿü۵ūŲСײԿһ£ˤһӡ
ˤеݣͷѪҲûˣԿ»˼˲ųˡ

ء˳ЦźͶ˵
ԿеƿǷ뿪ʱģȻûԣ֪ǻʺ⽻ġ

̧ӣźۼƿϵ㣬֪¹˺üֻ֣ɻȻζЩеζ

ӹüЩֻҪϧǾͲ£Ǵ⣬ѵ֪ԽǿǣԽǻϧۡ

У˳ɴЦСԿ¶˵ţǼɪɪȴͦصʹ֮ūš

Ϣֻǲһʹ͹
˲յӣ



㲻ϲʮӣ

ߺ˶ȥˣ˵
ⲻһθоˣʵ֮ǰҲһΣֻһθоرԡ

ԣ˵ͷϵ
ū

һ
ûС£˵ʵˣҾ˳ĸʵûʲôġ

û˵ǣϲʮӿҲϲʮʱʱʱ֮ɫ

̫װ޹ˣΪȡûôɹǳͬ಻ϲͬ࣬Կĵӡ

̬֮ǰ鷿ʱʺ˳ƽһЩǰ£δûвȡϧ֮⡣

ʱŪ̫Լ⣬ǻʺǸȨƵ̫࣬Լн֪֮֮֮Ϊֻ㾡ܱ
ϧ˭Ժƭϧ

ֻɬ̬һ־ȵܸ߳УȴԾԾԵ˷ܣ۸ӣָ֮¡

һӣū裬˳ƶΪӶࡣԼ˵һ㶼侮ʯֻݿ㣬㣬ǵûֳرСۣ̲ס

˵ĺеʵĸӶ˴ʲô֪
㻹ס

ʱദǢĵλ鼸൱ȴԶĵĵزϾʱ̡̫
㵹ǲģȴ»ʲôɣŪɳ׾

סǣǣ

һ˳ƶʺô׺֣κ˶Ը⿴ģǱ߻סȻҪǣơ
ֻж෽ǣƣܱסĿǰƽ

㶮ʵҲ

*

ٽڵʱ򣬹Ǹæµ
г֮˵ȻҲٲ˴ɨи׼֮ŶչﶼһƬæµľ

˾ҲڽصԼҳصȻٲѯʺ󣬿ʲôҪˣ˾Ҳһæš

ԭ˾౾˾ƹ͢ǡǰϡɥ񼰾ڹµеǰйֺǾֽ壬Ǻݱ䣬ᶽ֮ȨٲȻ͢һ

ȻҪģʱдԹһֱԸͼϵɵһִС˳谮ųԹʱȻˡ
ҲüˣǼŮܼ

㰲꣬ȥѯǷйҪˣеĻͳٽ˾ࡣ

ʱôܿĹȥˣ˳Ϧ죬һ罨ʵ۱˹Ȼǻʵۺ̫󡢺һͬš

˵ţʵ궼ʱˣðŸɢȥȥЪϢһ绹Ҫš
Ҳνҹ硣

㱻۵òᣬһŮӲ٣ʥ϶ȥ񣬺ܸߴҪ컹ûģֻǷ˸

˵Źţһˣʥ̫ڣҪŴһȫ׵ĺڱͲᣬȻصʱûɢܡ

ˣЪЪ

ʱ㣬ҲֻЪϢʱҹ磬ȫ״ٴϣʱһ뵽Щɥ
ܱԹΪһ𣬾Ͳ˵ʲôĻˡ

˾壬һ󡭡У̫ᡭ

ſڷﴲϣ۾ţš
һͻȻоЩ̫Ծôˣǡô

ȥһˣʶһһҲŵ봹ͷˣֱͨͨ

ġ

˭̫ᣬŻһȦˣﶼŮǲУǾֻȥҹЩó˵֣ûִ֣֣Ǿֻܻ̫ˣⲻҵͷϡ

̫࣬Ҳûʲô

Ҳֱɼˡſ˻ȥ˼°ںơ
ɡ




120.  Сʺʮ   ӶҲá

118

㿴, Ȼûɫɹû˺һO@֮, ֮һ˫ִԼ, ʱ顣

ǰһ

ǰǵһԼʱҲ, ðףƤҲ, ͺˡɲ֪ʲôʱԽԽ, ԽԽ侲, ֮뿪ȥ˾, Ҳɬ޴ӡ

ʵҲãپһ, һ֮ÿһ̣ϸϸɬʱģ

, ãǲѧ
, , , , һƽ繡

Ѿ˺, ɤӲԾūûѧ

ûѧôô˾嶼㡣ǡǡǰ, ûʹ

˵ѧ, ѧòô˵Ĺ绹˽һЩģȻ֢ܶҩ

˵ǰżӰھ, ĹӲͼͣ࿪˾С
࿪ˡ

µļŮҵģŮоóϸ壬ʹһ㲼ϣܸоỬĴС

ƻգо꣬£ʶȷᡣ
ֱоƽȣͣĶ˫ֻÿֱ˺һջطŻࡣ

һɵܰ㣬еġ
ĺţѹֵģһһںתأͷ˿ſ˯ú㡣

Ϊѹƽʱ齿֮Уһɽ
հۣ촽ཱུġԾֱ֣ܵϸ۵ĴУž̹Լʲô

Ҳջ֣´߳ȥĿһӾķǻ˼ڣ̲ס˼

ôˣ˾塣
ûʲô˯ˡµ

˾ͷʾԼ֪ģ˵һƵľˣؿӰһֻۣǿͻȻæȥˡ

ϣǬ幬һá
ڳΪŮ죬Ҳмǳ˵ĹʵʵмֵܣЩֵͷַȥ˷أطٲûؾȻܳ

˵Ǽ磬Ǽ硣

ʵ״һ㿿̫̫Ҫһ㣬ҲࡣǸҲǻǡ

ֳַף곤ѾĿǰųţǰӶĻӰ棬ɽҲ֪˭Ŵӵǰ档
Ҳһʲõ˿ûʲôԡ

ʱͿˣ˿Ʋʲô쳣ֻܾ䡣

˵Ǽ磬ʵʮְ

ʵǸԸģԴ˵Ƨ˭ɫ䵭̫ͼܵõ࿴ɼʹ࿴Ųԡ

ֵʵ۾ʱǶͷ
ʵۿԵø˷ܵĶһۣյ΢մմ͸ˡ֮ĻӹǶǲҲͺϵ´ʱ΢ĵͷ

ڽʵ飬粢ûг̫ãǬ幬ʱѾˡ

ܸоʵ鲻̫ãⲻ̫ÿܻͶйء

ȥܴáůʱԸ
˵ͷû˵



ٹһͳ
ɫãæңֻһĸŮһԷ̡

ҽУŶôΪ˲ʥϵۣãվ˰ǰͷȥ

йĹأʲôǰλģλŲ˰ǰ棬ȻһСĳ˴

ʹǳ˴ѵģ֪Լλˣ
Ǿֻһܡ֪ʷ

»ûھ˵µĴ

ɫף»׾ӣһôôҶŰ裬ӵ̫֮˼ѣƷԲˣЩĶ飡

¿ģ⻰ǧ˵˶С

ҲݲƷвһ£﷽ô˵ȥˣǵ˶̣Ժֹ̫֮λǰ

ʱ˽Тﶼ˵Ʒ⣬Ǿˡ

㵱Ϊ˭龫ǣΪĶֱһ㾡ҲΪӪƫĶ裬סָǳˣӲˣ˵ʲôԸǸмǸ裬αΪһ֮ȥ̣ʥǳʲôˣ

£Ҳǡ
Ҳдʡ

ʵҲΪλˣǾʤȯգΪ壿Ҳпֵǰһµ뷨ʵҲΪ˺ͷŸɡ

ֹ˶һӣа˻ӡ
˻ºִͣϻ۹ˣǸĲӡвţʿ仹ûзΪҵȨƣټϹֳ˻ӽЩҲ˲ӵ

ǷˣҲСӱȴӸΪһЩ

Աȣʹ֪̫֮λпܣҲܲסаԲ¼ɡм䷢Щ£ĸӶĲϣܾԼδ̫֮λΪܵһЩ

£ûǰк˾λģȻҲǶĶڣֻ¼統ͻ

Уȥվʥ

¶ɫڶʲôʱˣſ϶Կˡǳһգʥ¡¡а

ʵһһ޹أ֪ȥʹȥҲĸӶ˴һֵ˾֪粻ȥ

Կûô죬ȥܸϡ
ֻõͷӦǡ



˼ҳѣů£Ϣˡ

׷ȥˣ
ͷǷĸȥġ

λ֮£ǶԼõ⡣

뵽Ŷдŵʵǰ³Ͳ̫ã̫ǳˣԶ׼ǰ˷ӣöͰ˻ֵභʹΪʵĽжա

֪֪ı˺ܶ飬ټںͼϵԳеһЩƲҲĲ㡣ǶǽޣͷסˣȻᱻԡ

ǵϵżҲС

뵽ջĸʹɩ΢ɣһ˼Ҫ˵ʲôһ߷Ը׼Щʳ

ʵڼûԵʲôҲͺ˼ˮơ

ҲңǰѹŹˣ˿أҲȥԹܳԺȰɡϦҹ극ҪԵġ

Ǹǰҹˣĵ͵ȹҲ˵߱ϯ֪רŸ˲ʳΪЩһ굽ͷܳһٷʢҹ

Ѿˣ͵Ȼʺع˿ϯ

ūȥ磬ô죿̺ɡ
ҾͲ̺ˣŪЩʳУʵҪһˣǾɡ




121.  Сʺʮһ   㣬á

119

һ, Ҳһ㶣ִҪȥҹֲ, ֻ

ʳܿͶ, ʮַʢа˸ȳ˸, һһ, һȹ, ʳҲ档
ǰ׼, ֪ڼϳԲʲô

ҿɳԲô, ǶЩȥ͸Ҹһ, һ̳ơ
һ룬Ҳǰټһڵ»иϰͼʳ

Ҳվ, ôھŲҲԲˡָָܲҹվų, հ޽, Ͽ

, ֻϿ
Ŵµůʮֿ, һװ֮, ƽʱϰһ, Ҹһ, ʱҪˣͰ߻˷򣬸ĳԡ

㲻Ҫ, ҲҪҳԲԣԼҲԣѵýմҹǵɨҵˣҲ꣬ţûס

ô˵ˣֻܳţڼ仹ǲ㲼š
Щ㶼ˣʲô¶ͷβҲ

ҪҪȾƣ
˵ô˵ȴԵʾƱ
ӾƲɬظʣȶҲͷۣҵģרŴӹġ

ƣ㻹ᱺ裬֬¶ǰڹʱԸ⾭ţڼЩʱ䡣

ֻЩ䵽׶ڵ˵ƺЩ̫ңԶˣ£мļ䣬ģˡ

˳һɹ㣬ɬ㴼ʽһůɸĿڡ
㲻ϼƣҲΪ

þơա޵

ЦˣЦúܿġ
úȾͶȵ㣬Ҳֻʣ̳Ӻ͸ӶӶһЩſԺһꡣ

һȾƾͻ࣬Ҳǰ񣬾ͷ·صǰͷ˽Ϊ޴ϥ¡
Ѿˣƹ֮£Ⱦһ㱡ĺϼˮԽԵˮһ̶

ȶˡһɵЦ仹˵ģ̲ס
Ҳûȶࡣ˸á

һС̳ƣ£Էһ
ʵȵö࣬ΪƱˣͻԼԼƱûˣҲʱԼֻͷȣȵñࡣ

ҿʹѾ죬š

ʱҲˣЩЪɣȥ˾塭

һקס񣺡ȥǣЪţҽһ˹ǲףģҺòáѵáѵǷһءЪϢôͷеΡ

˵֮䣬ѾůůԵ޵ȥһ·ϣק½󲻶·ҲúߣϣŪͷ󺹾ִٲ

ȵ˴ǰԼͿʼѡ

ʹüҳѣһֱŵůأʹ˼Саһߵȹӡܲ˾аû£½ק˿ͷµ½Ҳˣ¶ͷźɫĶǶ

񲻸ҿֱƣֲܲѾվˣȫһԳš

վá
һΣүү̵ĳ嶯

ţ¡۾ָָ
˯ʱҪµģСϰߣԼʹˣǵá

ڴϣһٿһû£żҴתȥһԹ¡
һͷõǱž컵ĺĺ£תʱͿһƬϢİס

ʵֻ¶Сأ㻹֪ѺýֻСؾ㹻˾Ķˡ
ȿһֻţǽСҰףû٣۵ģģµڼ

ָ޼úܸɾԲ״׸ǰ͸ģܿ·ɫ
ϸ޳СȣǷɫϵȵ֬ڵƹ£·Ĩһۡ

һ飬ѹʶ£һƬѪ졣
˲ЩΪϵ˵ȲȻѾˣӱ񲻸ȥûдѣ״ʲôæ߹ȥסĶ

ƾˣԣֵȡסߣ˲סұߣֻ֮ܽ˰ڱһýģȻסŲˡ

ƺ˯ˣ΢ĺ
ȫͨͨ˻һӲ˲

ʱֶˣ壬˭ֻ֪ӲĻ﷭˸һ첲ᳵ·סһֻӡ

񡭡
ڣŷɤƵ

񡭡۾ȴ߬סӣ㣬á
߽Ĺ棬ȴһײġ

*

һֱԪաա
ÿһ죬ǹæµʱһ̫棬ǳش䣬Щûʲôϵ󳯵ͬʱఴػʺ󣬺ڻʺĴȥ̫

Ƚʵ۽󳯻صǬ幬ҪȥǬ幬ؽʵۣ֮ڽʵ۵Ĵȥ
֮ܶˡ

ȵ磬ڹۿٹٺͻ׹ǣʱ̫ͻʺҲһǡ
գǺǺͼ˼ʱ

ŷϣһֱ͵Ůʹû˵ʲôż˶֪ǲԸģҲ֪ίһֱĻھΡ

󣬼ûôˣΪʵ۱Եʣ蹬ʱ٣ɵӽҪ˼Ӱ죬ټ϶żֵ֮ôá

֮ǰһҹû˯ĥŮԺ£ʱϰչ󣬾һס֣Щӹÿɻã

ϣʲôطʶܿ±Ƽˡ
ȫΪŮӱǻʺʺ󲻺ã˭ܺã˶л᲻˶żҲʼҴŮã

㰵̾һڣļĸְﶼԼˣĸЪЪ˵ҲɩɩɩҲɡ

һ棬ϡϡ¬ϡŮ˲ˣֻ鼸һԣڷԼŮЦЦ

ǶңŮǵŮʱʮ壬ټϴŮȥѻһֱãû˾ˡ

СŻʱżҼ̫ңһͣ㵱ʱףܲܰŮϱչˣ֮£ûǸŴ󻧳ŮңѡʷҵĳŮ

ɥĸãŵܵͶСһֱûޣһϾϵʮüԸдգΪϸǳСŻʱŸҲҪֻҪչŮУŻš

ϼ޽żҺЩεģŵ;Ͷϱ൱żҼдͳˣŮУҲҪչ˻߰ŵļӣϾͰһ˼׵ļŮɷϡ

䲻ĸŮһֱ

ĸ׺Ȳ裬ɩɩҲá
лˡ

ϡ¬ϡϣɩӡ
Ƕ˽ʱźѾɼңӶˣȶźС꣬ӣҲʮü꣬˵ã˵ǵŮҲ˼ɩӴһ򲻴

׵廹ðɣʡ
ү廹




122.  Сʺʮ   д

120

Բ΢, ò˵㲻óڡ
ܶ˶ΪλȢȢңڴ, ʱԿ, ȻҲȢ˶ҵŮǵʱʮͷ, ֱõ, ʮҲûʲô

֮, ϴӼò, ʵۡ
ǰҲ, ˣÿᵽʱ۾ﶼᷢ, ֹֻҪİ˶סԴӼ޸ҲȷʵΨɷհ˵, ˵

ĵأҲýѧ˰ɣ
ĵָӶ٣, Ƥ, ûǰ׵Ҳ׺

һᵽ, ϿƲסЦԴ޽, Ƥǲϰ, , ӳ˲ͣЩ, ǰ¾ȥѧ˼£, ֻҪƤҾ߶֮ˡ

˴һҡһҺһҡ
˵ʱɩ¬ϾڰеİɣּɷǶ˵ϣĻ񵱳û֮ǰģࡣ

ֻҪڹãǾͶá

һ˵̾żҼͬˡ
ǰ̫ӺǰʺްΪҵĶż׵壬ЩΪ˱ӣŹ֮֮ţǰ׸֮ӣɵλ˽ʮ꣬һ

ûҲˣҲѧڣͿ˹ûʲôǰ̣ںԺˮţţƽӹЩı˸Ʒٵְ
˵Ǹ⸣УҲ֪öѡ񣬻ԸԸ⵱üҡ

˵ЩԶˣ֮ܶżҳ̫⣬ϿʣʵֻԼ֪

ҲͰգΪ̫ңйһϵԱ֮󣬶żܵǣ
˵Ƕżû̽Ϊʺ㣬˵ǲϵ£Ҳ̫˽⣬֪ǹﴫ˹ȨϢ󣬶żҵĴŽЩ

ڹﻹã⹬ɣҲǰʺ󡣡

¬ϻ䣬ΪɩƲһۡ
¬Ϊϱͺɷźذ˵ĵҲûУƤǳ٣ϲ⡣

Ҳ⻰ڹ˵ģΪβԸ޽żҵ˶֪ⲻŸ£

¬ϵĻ˵꣬ҲʶԼ˵ˣڨڨһЦ
ҿɲ˼ҾǡҾǡ

̾˿ЦЩ强˵֪Ƨ֮أ

˽µ̸ˣ
Ҳǣ¬ϱǸŵżЩȽ˽ܵ£Ҳ֪

ʹɩůɡһ˵һ߶ԶɩǸȻص˵ͷϲΪȻʵҲԼǸʲôģΪ˿סá
¬ϵû˵ʲôֻɫЩΡ

ůң鶼ʹ濴ȥˡ
ŵʵĴ磬һֱڹĴ

˵Ǽٵģʱǰ̫Ӻǰʺ£ǰʺָΪ̺󣬽ʵҲͬˣҲǱġ
йһϵǰ󹬾ԱɢǰѾöż֧ˣʹȻҲ˲ϡ

ż˶ԤϵЩ̫ãҲֻô룬˵ﻹк֣˵ʥѾӦȻỤһȻ̺ûþڹ£⽫ǻʼҵЦ

Щż䵣ĴҲ֮ǡֻǺ󣬹ҲЩõϢɺ֮£⳼òֻ֣߸ݻ

ڴף˶ĿżҲҴ̫еĻ˫֮伸ǶģȻҲĻԹԵʣԶżֻܴЩСϢڹĴ

ڹﻹãø׺ʹǲҪġ

ŰһЩ˵ˣѾ赭дϺϻܴᵽάζ

Ҿ˵С˱ĺãǼֵѧЩĶǵֶΣ⹬￴ݳ޷ȴҲ˵ĵط֣޵

һʮΡ
һ⡮˵ĵطǰʺһϷԣͱϼסˣżﵥˣֻǰλõˡ

СþͲ˵ǵŮɩɩͶ󣬴Сϧĸȥ磬һ˳Źš
˵ǰʺǰ̫ˣǰʺǹã͹ҳǰʺ½ŵŶСòãͰ˽ӽ˸ķš

С⿤ķÿ»ױȹࡣ

λţֻһ꣬ƳʱǸϹңǻԵɺϣǿʷﵥûЩ߰£˼ҳŮҲ

ԼӽʱǱڸģźͲãСС¶
ʲôĳġĲϡͱûżһ˿ڵɲżҵżھ߷ˣڽϼжʮЩһǺô򽻵ģ

ô˵ЩԶżҿνǾϹᣬҲ൱ţȴԵûһ㡣Щϲû뷨ģҪ˵ȥң϶ҲԸ⣬ԸʹȻ
ҺЩɷأŮТ˳Ҳˡ

ѾϰϵӣιΣ治ɫأҲλĸԸ󷴵οϣϰο

ε˶һ񣬱˴˶˱˴˵˼̾˿ˣȥˣҪõĲ롣

һʱˡ
䲻̫գܻɷ̾˵ŮڹĴã˼޶żҵŮռźλ˸øŮҡ

ҲˣһҪúõġ

ĸ׷ģⲻǺúõ𣿡ֽ飬ȥϴҲõȻȥ˲ɡ

ߺůֻʣϺˣϷ˵Ҫ˵强ĿģǸӡ
϶Ҳ

ɩҲͲ˵ˣΪ֣̾

ǡǡһ䣬޶һί֮С
ҲɹΪμһҪÿεܴʱɡԹԹޡˣϰˣҲľˣֱػһס

ɩҲΪѡ
᲻Ϊѣ˵ĻǡǡǼ˶˵ģֻǲܣҲû취˵ڡ𣬾Ϊжգ⹬˲¹ͷǰ̫Ӻǰʺ˶

Թ͢նޱȵģɱ˴Ѫж⹬û֪
ɻȨҲǰ˺ӵϧա
پ׵¶ܷپ׵·ҲϢʷ֮С

ΪҵŮҺͶżһҲٻ֮ңֻһҶܶһլ˶ԩѪᣬ֪͢նֹǧ򱶡

дӣ

ˡ
ǰһһϺҲ̽㣬̽һϢҲһ

ǰϵһ£㵱ɩ֮һֵò̫죬ϴҴҶȥԹǺϽδ˵ϣҸӼ£ɩ֮žǰӡ

ǰûиϽ͵ĻᣬȥãɩٴμҲ̫Ըⲻĵ¡
㵹ûǾúΣ׼Ͽб˵Ϊǰ֮ǰԿ˵Щ

żʲôģѵֻΪöżٳһûлӵĻʺôͲΪ֮ʼעӲһС




123.  Сʺʮ   г޷㡭

121

һֱ֪Ϊͬ, Ϊ˴ʮֹ
˵ˣ˴Ӳ£±ȻĿ, һµͬʱ, 󻯡

ʵ㿴ĿѲپںںͰ, Լ˵ʱǴС, ܻ᲻ȥƽϡ
ҲΪ֪ϲǸ, ȴϲϻϵԭڡ

ɩΪλ뷨ɩӦҲ֪, ʥ϶Ҳ, ʺλãմ˹ĸͱĹ⡭

봹ͷ, ʮָӣռϷ磬, ֣֪ɩ˵Щ㲻Դʺ, ͸öΪԼ㡣

ܱһʱ, ܲһ, ռλ, ͻΪʸ֮, һ޳ҲӵĻʺ, ʸ֮еʸ֮ġ˶, ǵĶӳΪ˳ĵճȻԴĹأе޵, ǰĲҲͣΨһùģԼӡ

ɴɩҲ֪˵ܲʹЩҲŹңʱ򲻹ңӸΪʸ֮ġ

ʵԿ˵ûͱܲһˣǰƽֻʱƽˡ
ϱ˵ƿԡ

ӣƬ̵˳˳飬Լ˵ЩǴġ
ʵ𡣡

ʲô𣿡ʡ
ڣԼӣֻһʱǺܵǻλԺͿɰǣûԼĺӡֻһֱЮòԹķǵЩʤǡɺʤһûʲôԹһ̫λãֻҪСĵ㲻ۣҲǲܹ

ǰҲûѽ
һ֡

Ĭ﷢Ҳټ˵ȥ
ʵѾ˵ùˣԭСÿ϶ϾСüɻʲôǡǡϣС÷ǵûϲ¿ڹľҲСóˡ

ʵһû˵
ʲô

ˡ
һ

*

ǰǲŵģֻǰ֪⹫زʱѾǰԺ󣬶ڡ

ǽųϼսۣŷⶨľλ
һĶҲˣʱѧѧϰű󣬵ȵ;ս

ʮòᣬһ㽫֮Ҷеı׶ˣӣĸŮŮҲᣬӶսɳϥֻӡ
һڱ߹أһвмھǡ

˵Զڵͣǽ׹ϵʱ򣬿ϧ䣬ЩĹƽʱŴѹ佫ٵҪ̵ʱ򣬾䵽˿õľء
Ҳˣȥ걱³߹ս𣬳͢޽ɣͰѶȥ߹ء

ȻⶼǱϵġ
ʵǰ̫ӻ󣬶ͱȥ˱߹أ˶ܿ˹йһϵϾͶżҵĹϵ˾֪

µֽ߬Ҳ˵ʵʱ⹫Ѿˣ
ǰȴ֪

ˣǰϽӵ£˽ףϼʹ漸νҲû˵£ϲ֪¡ϲһǶżҳϱڸż֪ʲôϢǲġ

ƺͻȻΪλˡ
ǽʵȥ߹صģ߹ؿຮ⹫ͣ⹫ؾƱػýʵ۴Ӧ

ʲôºȥʵۣøǡöԷܾأ

Ҳ֪Լô룬Щǣǿ˵ӵ£ͻȻ𶨹£Ȼ޵ķʸ
ҲżٳӣȷʵżңҲһԸ񣬿һδռ

Σû취ϵˣ𶨹ǲòʱĵ⹫壬Ϊڰ⹫ͻᲡأҩʯЧڱ߹ء

ϴˣ˼Ҳ᲻˵ʲôȻټûȤ

һͬص

УѾסˣ¬̫۶ӣѾֹ˼Σ˻ʱ˿

ҲûжǣչһЩ˳



һֱûҵ˵ҹ˾ʱ򣬶ŸڵԺӣںɷź˵

ҿСƺ̫Ը⡣
Ȼ֪СõԸ񣬾Ͳ¡źü

Фƶ࣬Ҳһ¿ʣֻϧƺʲô£üԵмơ

һ⻰Ȳסˣ仹ѹɤ˵ȴӴ
㵱Ըȥˣɼ͵ڳûٱ˼ң֦Щ˸ޣЩżҽõ˼ң˭ģ˵ҲףǼ볹װѶżҸϾɱ

ѵ˹ٻؽȥʹȥ˼һ᲻Źǻδ֪ȻСѾȥˣ˭ΪβѡӮģĸ˻ʺǾ͸֪żѾ̤·޻ͷء

źһҲ˵֧˻ɤ

֪˵Щ㲻ԸСãҲʵǱ͵ûڳаæҪ֪ʥȥ߹صģֻܴʥǶ¹ʥϳ겻⳼׼ţ˭ΪʺСøʣ

ʵ˽ȥСú񳤴ЩҲûҷףָСñ㻹ȫ

գڱѾˣֻظܰٳˡ

ãź̾˿˯ɡ

*

Ҳû˯š
˵ʥΪλڱ󣬾Ͱ⹫ȥ˱߹أ

ټİβﴲ˼ʣһڹĺӣһķĿռͷ棬ַ㣬ǰβΧȣױ̨еӣ¹γϸ̣ʮֻ

ΧͬΧȰ޶£ֻǿҪխһЩǵ񻨵Χƺǿ˯˵ģǰ˾ҹ̡һοյΧǽ̤ͷһӣԷǴ齵Ĳˡ

ʱһ㱡ɴΧȵСϣǹƾȼţųλɫĹâ
ʵ㱾˯˵ģʵ˯ţ˰ҹŪȥ䡣

߹ս³Խо飬򡭡

Ƕ˵ǡ

Ĭһ˲ֵʵҲ˵ʥȥģǲܱȥ߹أǱڸƱ⣬˾˺죬

û˵ֻЦЦ
еŪ̫˼ΪҪ潨ʵۿѣ˾ӡ̫ï¾ٳ˲֪ʵǽʵһѵ

ʵ˵ǲʵԻȨİһֱδɣǸ˼ҲɵӹȨܿʵ۵ĿԼԻʹѳֵĳ̶֮µĸ֮ȡ

Ĭԣ񷴵ִ룬ûȥʲôʱг޷㵱µĴ




124.  Сʺʮģ   ļʵһġ

122

ǿϹ, ҲǵһչֳԸеıɽһǡ
˵⻰γǴĴԼԵģ

Ϊβгޣ
˭гޣ

⻰˵̫, ̫ͨ͸, Ҳ̫ΣգѾõԼʿ, ǰ
Ϊλ˵ⷬΪеĵһ̫ΪζЩ
²˼, һ˼ܷĶ̫̫ࡣ

ֻ˵¡
ʵ۶, ǶǰʺĹ, ǹ˼ɶżҺͶĴ, Щǽ㻹ǵǸ۰ѱ, ġ

ʵۺεŶͣԶԷʱ, СĴȴľ֮֡

ȴǰ, ƺûзЩ, ҲûЩš
ǰӡ, ʵһֱǸĻʵ, ޵, 겻, ʹ, Щ굳ϡ¹ٺУԽŪó͢һƬ

˵ǰĽʵ㲻һûʵ, ȴһõĳΪǰǿǵӻںй͵
ɻعͷٷŷԶֹô򵥡

˵ʲô취⹫ӱ߹ػ
⹫ʹˣ֪ĿްЩǿţʵ⹫ϵİܶ࣬Ǳ߹Ắɳִ󡭡

öӱ߹ػȻҪŪ׶Ϊλᱻȥ߹أŪ׶Ϊαȥ߹أȻҪѵʱõľƣԼʵ۵˼Ūס

ʵѾǶˡ
ͬԣûп֮ǰ㲻Ļޡ

룬ĸͱ
Ҫԣ

*

һֱʮûôæµˡ
ͬʱȴʮԪڡ

񲿱˵˾ವˣʵϲ֣ȻҲٰƻʲôģֻǵԪڵգְ˴μ硣
ȹԪڣ͢ڽ죬ͬʱҲһƬ̫

Ѿǵһγ̫ˣǰ̫ްԺ󣬳ϾһΣҲñͲصǰʺǴΣ֮󲻾ñްˡ

֮ΣСС֡ʵ۾Ͳôϳһ굽ͷŴʷ곯֮͢ʣûᣬò׽ŻһᣬʵŤͷֲϳˣϹӿ

βһǶ࣬ӵݵڸڸƱֵݸ˾࣬˾ʸ˽ʵۡ

իʵϥɫϣеӣһЦ˵ϡ
һԣ͹ʱǰͷڵϡ

ïҲԼС˼

ø
ʵһۣЦ˵ų޻֪ġ

΢ֱϵĺεЦЦҲ﹫ȷʵסϾڸһͨƱ

ʵۺЦһû˵

νƱ⣬ָڸ󽫸£ڽʻʵǰڸСƱīдĽ顣

Ϊ˷ֵʵµķͣԼԴ塢ظġ޲¡
ѷϳƣȨ߶ȼƶȣڸȨָڸȨط˾ͨһһ㻥ƣȨ롣

ΪԼڸûֱӵľȨ뾭Ʊ⽫־ߵĽ顢޷õʸʵۣʵ죬Ż䲼˾

ҲΪνʵۻ˵ïԼС˼˾Ϊ֮ȨôڣֻҪܵ˾֮⣬Ͳʲô£ƫƫïӳˡ

ҵʲôڣε˵ǣû˳ʵ۵˼
һ룬Ҳï˾λˣ˼Ҳʼʼǽʵˡ

⽨ʵ۶ҲҲȥ

˶
ʵ΢ƵɤڿյĴ

˶ƫƫ

һǷڵصõȸֻһ·ɢ

*

ΪþƲȣϺϽͶĽڣֽΡ
һ˵̫ӵ£һ˵ҵѾżʾãͬʱĽӴżˡ

ξ˳ɵˣҲ²ŴҴҽġ

̫ӣʵ˼ֻ̫һڣʥϴʣºҪˣ˭˭Ҫ֡
̫ӵ£ʵǶµͷóζֲ˺á
óϢҲ

ν㣬һֱؾصģž֮Ҳûӵ£֪ǶżǱд㣬Ƿͷ
ǰߣȻҲΪ˳ɵ˺ͶżҽӴ졯

Ҳúͼӣϵ˵ʵǼδģ

ûϵֱ⼸Ҳ˽СòǴƢǴӴ£ǰڹʱ˺ܴת䡣
תԾҲ˵ûǰô޼ɵǾһĸλߣͶԷÿ˵һ仰ĥǷʣǷᴥŭԷԷ˼Ρ

Ĵ㡪϶˶٣ʵӦ֪ǶǼģǴγ״ȥ绹ѵң˵Ȼ֪ﲻԸ⣬ΪλҪ£Ҳ֪ʵóԣӦҲԼĪЩġ

˵ص㡣
͵ɫҧԼ룬ȻﲻԸαΪӻһ£ʵҲǲС

˿һֻŲյĸӣһһµţʮӣ
¶һ˿̬֮ͬʱеΣѡҪòſɡ

ͬʱҲеļ£ѵ̥ǣһǰڹʱ潿ˣɲ⣬ƣ
ӣǵ㾪Ҳģû뵽㾹ԶżҵĴףһʮŮӵеģһ˲䣬Ϸ·𿴵ǰʺ

ǰʺǸ˶ⶵŮӣƳ߹󣬱ҲϻۻǣŮԵ̫³ճӣҲزĴӣδδزۣԺδУò׻Ҳǰ̫ӣȴˡ

ãʹ̫ްˣƾλʮأҲδԼöżأֻϧû

Ǽкʵѡ飿

ⲻϻ£ôλӡ
ĻǸмӰ˻Ƿ߻ԸųĸǸӣŻʮʮһɱǷĹӣԷΨհ

ʮԿˣʮʮĻӶһס
¾ѡĸԺյĲʣһ˼ﲻӦ֣Ǿֻѡ

߻ӣ˳ʮӡ

߻ų֮ԶҰ˭˲֪߻óֵ֣СޱȣֳܶЦΪ֪ҲΪʵҲ߻ԭڡ

һʮӵҲǡѡ

ǰˣŻԿ¡

ʮΣ

ϼ㲻ԣ£ֵʮĸĸ岻ԣֲСδʡ

Լﻹʹˣ
ϵͷֻͷһ̾ҿҲûȥֻŵŵͷ͵˼Ҳ֪¡

ʵҪ˵̣ʮʮĻҲ̫ͣ£졣
ûס΢̧ͷʮӺʮĻӣСЩ

С
ӹ̿϶ҪѡСģûģ죬Ϊ¡

ɴһʱǱһʱֵչؼʱСļȷǵַǳ̹Ҳûʲôá
˵ּڹ̣ڶա

ļʵһ˼ڰơ




125.  Сʺʮ壩   ҲӦʮ

123

ͻȻ, ĦŲյָ˳»У
֮·һʱ˵, ɩȻȥ, ͼÿҲ

һ㶣ɲ˵ʲô, ѾˣҲֻܾһ, ˷˳ȥ
ߵһ·, ʮ, ׼˼, £нѰٵŵʱ, ͻȻһ֡

ˣ۵ͺȴڿϵ˳ɤӾ˻ȥ
Ҳû˵, ֻǿݺݵһѣ, վڹǰ˺һ, תͷȥ

˵, ɫ, ŵĲյƺʱǰơվ˻, Ҳû˵ʲô, ͷת˳ȥ

⵽ôˣ

ŪŪ, Ҳ֪ʲô£Ӵߺһֱ˵, Ҳһƽʱû¶Щģܵ˴

ûʲô

Ūüһɱƭңû£ҿ˾˵ˣʱֻдڡȸ˵ã֪ǰڸʱ˾ܽȥ˵Ҳô˿أνʲô¼ﶼǷԸ㣬ɲ岻֡

ҲͲԼмＸأҲܰ£Ҳȡھ˵һʲô£ȴΥԸɳҴסɱ˵ۣûٹɫӣЩ˵̺˵ū澣ɴǲ

˵ʲôأŪЩǱصͺ
˵ʲôҾǸѡ

ˣʲôûȥٲ֪ʱˣŪһѡ
˾Ҳˣں棬ȦˣԼʲô

˾ģŪɫԣ֪ԼòסŪȥѱٽ

У⻰Ҫ˵ŪԲá
ٺݺݵسһѣʲô˽²˵ڶɸȥֻ˵óܣ߾Ͳˣ

ʱȥˡ˾С
Ūӿ֣Цؿ飺ҿ˵öԣָǶˣ뻹и񡣡

һӰˡ



УͿţ泯Řȴϵĵ񻨡
е죬ѾûôˣĵţʱὫһЩͨ硣

˭ˣ

ʵ֮ǰ֪ʲô£żҵĴˣֻһ̺˵ϴʱڣ䲻ڵϴҴ˵ʲôܲµ˵ʲô
Щӣҵƽ˾ڷ֮Сƽʱûģɻʺʲ˵ȻҲҶʣȥʲôֻԼ֪


һֵֻڡ顣

һֱԼѾ㹻ǿˣ۷ʲô£ǰĿޣھѰ·浽鷢һ̣ŷԼʵûôǿ

ЩʵϵϣܸԼһ㲻һĴ𰸣ͺʱ̽ϣ֮֮Ҳáˡڣڸǲʵ뷨

ڲǸ֤ˣżȷʵ۰۳貢ûǰ㴿⡣
ͺ񵱳ʵԲģɼ¶Σѡ·

ʵţǼ⡣

仰ܳǴ治ˣ˵ûûСûû¡Լݵġ

Ҳȷʵ˵öԡ
ֻ˹û˵ʲô

ΪʲôʵûôΪʲôξ˵ʱȴ̾˿

ÿ˴ӳԼĵͺñʵҵٻûü꣬ɵ˶ˣͳһӵĵ

㣬߹ܾٳ裬ͬʱҲԼӦõĶͺñǰʺǰ̫ް˹ǶżΪ㣬

òĶ

룬Цˣ˵ҲԣûôΪʲô
һֵҲӦʮӣ

Цˣˣʵ²ҲңǸʥϡ
Ŀһ

*

ڶ˳ɾ
һƽʱί̬֮϶˲ԵļϲԻ֮䣬ƺҵһ˿ƽ⣬ԹԻغΪϬ

ֻϧֵģ˾Ҳ˵Ǵ˵ʲôûθҲ̫á
Ϊˣ˳ֺõ˼ˬڵĳʳܸ㿪θ

㻹ɫġ
˳ǲ⣬ػȥˡ˼գ㻹Ǵ䲻ȡ

ӭûеõʺӭϣϹӿѵ˵żû¸߸ʺ󣿿ż˽ˡ

˳޷ֻ˳ȥʡ



˳ɲͬɣǷҵļӣɩǶǷҵļū͡
ѡ޽ΪòӵҲռһԭ

ֻϧûĻԼһʱº󷽹ûٶԸʵ϶ļ˲ûº֡˳˻Ӻ󣬷һȥū
Щ꣬˳ڷ¹͵˳ɵļ뿪Һ󣬾ͽиͷı˸ƷСӹû㲻

˵ӾͲʲôΪģһ˳Ǹ˱졣ӲȻΪ͵ҲͲۣҲ˳ɵļڴ󸻴󣬵ӱǰ˵ū˵Ҫù̫ࡣ

˽ºͶż˽Ӵ˳ɸţ
ţˣ˸˳ɴһ֮Եûôˡ

ͨźϵ϶żҵġ

ֵһҾмٵĵطоλзŵ̫࣬Ҳ˶Ǹģеӵĳ·ҲӵĽʡ
źأƽʱƵľĳĳҵӣĳĳҵϵӵܣĳĳСӡиƷְʵҲˡ

ϵֵ֡
ұūͳǰ˵ȴӵģǻӭźϲȾƣͺȾƣźϲϷȥѰϷƱ͸źأôһȥ˾ˣΪ֪
Ȼ֪ˣȻٲ̸Щ֪Ļ⡣

źأͽΪƽӹǸӣڼﲻó衣˭ϣԼкǰ̣ܼгأźƽʱ䲻Թ޼бԹ

أǾҵü￴أ
ʲôиǻʺûлӰҲиλиӵó裡

һļϣⲻϵ˶żҡ

żǱߣӵ̫֮½ͷöֲȥͼ˵㣬Ｋط
ҲˣʹӣҲ˼Ҷڷͷϴˣ㻹濴ţ㶼ϲˣʱ˳ĸֱ˯ͷ

ȻǰҲ˵Ҳ㣬»ûʺͬУϵĽ֮С
Ե˳ɼƲԣһʱ⴫øȥϵżˡ

©һǲ϶żŵģֻźأѰ˼Ҿ¥һ߳Ա̸
̽źأź֧֧ᣬƼ˲˵¼˵

ʲô
ǳ˱

ϴζźؿɲ̬ȣѵ˵ż˲ˣ˱ѡ˰·غˣ
ߣʱ԰շϷȥˣæﴫ

һͷ˳յĵݻͱɫ˼벻Ȼѵ˵ǰĺ͹˱ָʲô

˳ǲŵģΪ֮ǰ˷ҺһֱԲûãʲôȥûҡ

ô룬ΪԷһ˳ɻȥͬʱڹżɽӴʲôɵˡ

һ޹˳˼
żҹû˯þ˼ö⡣

˳ûȥ㣬ǻȥϵżң߶ż֪˭̫ӺͻʺֻҪżԸˣʺʮΪӣͰ¸߶żҡ
ֵһǣ˳Գȷ֤ݡ




126.  Сʺʮ   ǺεȴΪ

124

һż֪, ʱ𶯣ڶϾٶȽ

˵˳֪˭ĸͱ, ȷ֤ݿ֤ʵ£
ϰ봹ͷǡ

û, ȦֵȥϵżңǸ˼ġɫ, üȴ

˳Ϊûֱ㣬ϵżˣ
˳©, ڹ˶Ŀ, Ҳп˳ɴӽʲôζ

żһʼԸ, ͻȻͿʼƴ, ⲻǳڶżңǱ
ǳģ

Ȼ˳ɲҲ, ˿ûͷźԼĽûѡù, óһż޷ܾɱﵣɱһ˵żˡ

Ϊ˵Ƕż, 㣿
˳, ǰʺֶŮ, ȻǼɻݵ, ǰǶ, ׶֮, ûԸԶ֮, ˳ô롣

˳룬ʺ󲻹֮꣬С, ʹ֪˺ԼĹĸ磬һȥЩʲô˭Ըʺݣȸȥðգ
ôһ׻Ų´Ьģ˵ľԽʲôûУԽǸðգЩӵ̫ǡǡ෴

֮ȣżҵļǰʺãżĴ˽֪ǰ߸ϡ˫һϦ֮䷲ʱżʧȥ˶٣жʧ佹ƣĺͻжǿңϵżҷǸһЩ

ò˵˳ԼˣҲǸһϸ֦ĩڶƵνǻ㾡
ȻҪĲ˳ɵ˵м棬ֻΪ˵żҹŪ飿

Ӧò¹Ū顣

ҲǶż˼úĽΪʵ̫ˣ˵䲻ŵĻһΪ֪𵴵ĿɲֹǺ󹬣͢

ǰ̫һֱ̫֮λ֮󣬲ǰʺĲţҲ֮󣬳òΪֵ֮òɿ
ô˵һеԴͷڴˡ

еǣ˶ˣжں꣬öֻ֪֪ͱȥ֪ըˡ

ȥ˳ɽйԸ˵ҪԵ̫⣬˵ϴСԣθڱ˲٣

᲻ִ̫٣

ֹ飬˰ϣ˼Եʮֲ졣
ʵ̫ҪȥӦȥıòſɣȻ˵ꣿ

֣Ŀǰֹû˵ʲô

ܿ죬˳ɾͱˡ
ϲЦȴǾɲͻȻ֮Ҳϡ

һԱߵϣæͷȥкۼһѾңֻ¼ĵˡ

˵˵ɣ֪࣬Լյν֤ݡ

ͬĵ˳ɲ֮ƺ

˳ɵ뷨ǻʺֱӽʻǶż˳˽档ʱǿԽ˻ǰڸ̬ǣԴΪͶż̸ĸ

ڻʺǾǶżҵ£ǳ˵ҲãѹͬҲգⶼ¡˳ģֱӺͻʺϡ֪ΪΣڤڤ֮е㺦λͲĻʺһ˵ĸܡ

ûУôվţĵطǾӸµĻʺһǻʺĸû

Ȼ㲻˵ҲԣԺ˽ЩСС˼ùļˣ
檡

Ϊ֪ڴʲô⣿üЦⱾ֪Ϊʮþȵ飬ΪλͻȻ˱ʣ
ǰһ˲ޱȣҲȻڱ˲ӡ˳ɣ߱㲻֪ǻʺ󣬹ڱʹļˣǶҡ˱Ըġ

һ̣â¶߰˳ɵС˼ơ
˳ɱ;ɲԸǿֻš

檲֪˵ʲô檡

治֪Ǽٲ֪˿ԼһЩ˾ʱ˸

֪Ҳ㲻ɣûûʮӣкɣ߻ӣ˸ҩ£Ϊ֪

˳ɵѾˣֱϻȴǿ֧š
һǣ̽Ѭ¯Ѭ㣬ƮŵһֻŲľ㣬ƮƮ˷θ

ֻǲر£һֻ۱һֻ۰ˣ㣬ѡһĻӣѡ˼̫ĻӣֻҪɵӶ֪ôѡϲôֶ֣ΪֲǱ

˳ڳŲסˣᵹڵء
亹ܲǰһƬŤģüΪͨͨģڵѪҺһټ죬ĺХ

˳ɣǸˡ

˳ббȥϡֻܿǰıһü޵ŮӡͲ󣬵Ӻݻݳڣ˱ضǡ

˳Լ΢ʵƲЩν߹ˣ׸ơ߲ȵͣĵʵ뷨ȴЩûνĸ߹硣

ɾڴʱ˿̣ǰһֱӣΪ֮Ūڹ֮еŮһֱȫȻݻ١

˳һֱԼĴ޽˹ԼĴõһӣȻ̲̫ãܵĥǺõġ
һֱԼֻ֮ŮԼĥѣǶɮȥȡֻҪ˾žŰʮһѣȻ޵

ϥӭʮڽŻٹˣԽԽãĶҲۼԽԽˣĺӾǰͷ

һΣڶ
һץסˣõ̫ĺôһŹԤ·̿ܲߣίȫΪδĺӡ

Ȼί֮¡
ڻʺȴߣСС˼ʵ֪֮ԲƲǲơ

һ󵩣ΪǵϷʵﲻǸЦ

ȻԾǸˣͲظľ㣬ʵν࣬ΪǺεȴΪƽȸԻҪЮñǰ㽻ٰԶż˵Ļظһ飬Ǹʲô³

˳ɸеǣͺһˮͷβ˸ʪ͸ѪҺˣƲסճ鴤ţҲþ

һԵϣĿ̣Ҳ֮ǰ̫ԣ˵꣬ԣڲŷҲôǶԵġ
ǡǡþ˳⧲⣬ٹ֮㣬һȻתƣӱҪЮ̸˶Էò˳ӡ

Ҳ˼̫ޣ첻Ȼ˳û취ȴǻʺҲʺ󵱵òô˳⣬Ըһ˳ȴûġ

˳̱ڵأһʧ˹ͷ档
㻹ںȲ裬˹غŲ裬ֻи΢ײ˳ԽԽصĺ

ȻǴˣͲҪ£˳ˡ




127.  Сʺʮߣ   ǰ̫

125

Ķʩ, ˳˵ʵ
ԭν֪̫Ӻͻʺ򣬲Լ֪ƴնɡ

Ҫ̫ӵĲˡ
̫ӱ念ȴһ֮вСĻʱߡʱΪɽˮ, ֱӿֵ, ̫լʺȥ̽, ԰

Ǿ, Ȼûٳײص, һһչ֮, ɢȥ, ̫ӻصûȴˡ
̫ҽȥﲡʧɫ, ԭ̫Ⱦʱߡ

֪ʱǴȾģҿ̫ȾʱҲһգ氲ʱȾ, ֻϧ̫ӵ֮£û·, ȻعŲסʱ, ǲ

ʵŭ, ˰Ѷˡ
, ̫ҽͷ, β̫, ̫ҽҲóˡ

ͬʱϢ, ҲǷণ˾ʧ룬հô, ŲǷ˱Ⱦϡ
һ£ʹһƬ֮ܲУǰʺ֪̫ӻʱ߾εˣҪȥ̫̽ӣʵ۽

ûգͿʼˣʼ̧̧̧ˣֱӾ͵յ
һʼĹˣ̫ӵҲˣò״Ϣ̫ӽмõļ󣬿ƫƫʱ˵̫СҲȾ˲˾ûˣ̫Ҳһ

Ϣǰʺ󵱳Ϳˡ
һ²ʱ䣬ӶϱûˣŮҲûˣ̫ӱòᣬЩֻһһŮûˡ

̫ްǲɥǴȾ˵ĲȲɥǣͰ˴Ҵ˳ˣ̫Сֻ¶ʣĵһЩˣħ֣˱ܶԶ֮
ЩĽûıΪ̫꣬Ҳһֱţڹﶼ˲ἰĽɡ



Ӧ֪ԭǷļū澣ֻ֪ƽ򷽼սպգƽº֪ͣ귽Ȣ˵һռҵŮ
ǵطʪ󣬶ľ֣ضϳ࣬Ҳ˵ʹǷȢ֮󣬱δعֻⲻ֪ʵһֱͷϵ

˳˵ÿڸ
һ̱ڵأˣҲˣһ˵Żһ촽㿴ʵڿһյ衣

˳һȸɣֵ檲ǴС̺Ҳֻ̫֪ʱҸǱߵĺöЩЩö˲ˣһݾ˶

˵Щ޵ķʸǵõ󣬹Ļ̻̣չŲҲ͵͵˵˲飬˵Ƕ̧ݿֲݵƤͷ˵Сﵱʱʱϣ¶ݵֻʣһѹͷ

˵˳ش˿ƺüЩǺȵǷźµˮ磬ΪǺܣȵø

ӸٸЩˮ˳ü

ЩУˣæѸջȲ˸Ѳ˹ȴûȥȣ۾һֱ˳ϡ

˳˳˷ڵ¡
Ѳյ˻ȥ˵

˳ɴҲˣδκ˵
ǻڷ߷̣ʱֻڸſֶҲǳ˶˵Ǳʵܶ˲֪һʼǷԼĬġ

ʱӣ°˻ӣмʵиȴزˣ˻Ӻֻһ̥̥¾СˡʱʥѾδƽز۵СȡϧϧõĴ̫࣬ʥϹҲᷳˡҲ֪˭ʹͻȻͳһ޽⼸ū澡

˵˳ԳһЦ߹Ӧ֪Ů߶޼ݳɫѾߣǸʲôģӦòó˵

ʶؿ˿鼸ü˾һ죬ȴҶ˵ʲôֻס˳˵

ʱһģиѩģȳ檳øΪòһɤӡΪʥ϶ΣָʹѩٹʥϡѩȻʥϵۣһ£ʥ˺üٹ

ƫƫǹģѩƽʱٹżǴʥϿˣʱר˿ۼֶΡ

ѩӣǶΪѩҪྡˣ˭֪ȴѩӵ±ʥ֪ˣѩҩҩҩЧ죬ʼк·Ի˶ӣ˿ʼҲ˾ͲˣѩҸѣʱѩϾ˵Сϣ·ܶ£ȴ¶

žһǲյڿϵ˾æĨȥòˮְѲյ˿ȥµġ
˵Ŀаգúܽ

˳ƺھðһǣ¶Цݣ檵ȻûʮգⲻǶԵĲ²ˡ

ʲô
룬Ϊ̫С￪ʼû˵ȾͻȻȾˣô죬ôΪǸǰ̫Ӳ֮ʣͻȻ̫ͻʳͳ£

Ҫ֪̫Ӻ̫һٳ̫ӺҲûɣǸ裬С̫ǧµġʲôϢȲ֮˵޶ɥĴˣҲ̫ӵʱȷʵȾʱߣ̫ͻʳ֮

㻹ʲôû˵ģһ˵˰ɡʱѾָ򶨣ɫױ޿˿Ϊɣעµ֣ܿ߬úܽ

˳ɾһ£¶˺ۼϵЦȻҲסˡ
Ǻ

ֻƾŴ˵Ҳ˴ʴʣȻʲôһܹȡŶżңŻ˵żΪʹʮþȣöżһ˵

˳ǣǺ񣡰գҲͲҴˣ檳΢һֱǷжд̣ȻѰŻ뱣ȫﵹҲֳ֮ǰЩҪһһ˵ȷʵһΪİѱҲǵɲһֱҶԳֵԭ򡣡


Ƕʳҩѩ󣬳檾һֱֲ̿ԳҲ¶֣̹ĻᣬѰҩͽҩ˽´һݡ

֮ǰ˵ڶϵģҲһݣΪҩ

˳ɵͷʱ檷ҩϻӣʣ֮еҲֻƬ˵ǶˣԺҲòýЩáʱ檷Ҳöֻ࣬һһ㣬ԷպԼԸ

Ϊõ٣ټأһʼҲû֣ºЩŷ֣ͻ˳檣ҲĴ̽檣ǳһֱϣҶҲûղأѰ޹󣬲Ų֮

Ƕأ

˳ֻǿ㲻˵
˼ԣĳѾֳˣڸֳˣȻⱣ֮϶˳Էó

΢£ɣûǷҪոӣԴӦ㣬պ󱾹ոӹ£һʮӡ

ҪôջӣҪһʮӡ
˳۾һˣﲻƭң

òƭ㡣

˳ؿһۣƲƲ죬ƺҲ֪Լھǵµ⣬ݲ˵֣ҲƺĻ䣬ٹǰļз˶û뵽檻ѶǶǰסٹʱûٽס˼ûѵա

ף

ֳ̫ƽףʵǴˮףͭƣҲʯĵ̵ģЩƽʱװˮһˮ֮Ϳɾͽȡˮ𣬸ǰıֱִִļס

вϲǼ㣬˵ǲȷʵױ˷֡




128.  Сʺʮˣ   ҵģ

126

, ûʲôҪʵˣ˳ɻȥˡ
Ҳ˹ظ֮¡

ȥ˻, ͷ
ٹͻȻ˼ϧн˾̫, ˵鿴ףй, ʱÿ춼һΣ鿴֮ˮǷ, ٹĹҲû˵ʲô, Ͱ˽ȥ
ٹһ, ǰǰ, ǰ໹ĸ

ⶫܲ˰ɣ·Сָ̫Ǵͭϵʵ

ÿ굽˶, ϧн˾տѲ߹ļףʹĹ඼Ϊľ죬֮, һ䣬¸ˮ, ͻϰһ, ˵ˮ, Ҫֹ̿

ػ̫»е, Ϊ˱, Щٲ𡣡
˵ⶫ, ž̭, ;ˡ

ػ̫ƺûС̫Թ۾ȵ˷ԸһЩˡ

ʵ˵С̫ҲûԼ˵, ˼ҾԼģҲôһ˵ȫûһ˵ּͷ̫࿴žͦûģɼҲʲôµģ߻һ굽ȥˡ

ߣС̫Χټļܲ鿴ҪˮҪױϵףԼµĻʮϸ
ٹС̫˸磬˴֣һôôˣûټȥ

*

һֱϵʱ֣һˡ
ӣһСשָ񣬿ǴĿשϿġ

שͷͷǿյģרŰмڿضѶŽȥŴ׻ҽϣϻȥ˭벻ͷ˶

שİ۷СƿƿϷСֽƿ滹ֽ˼㣬ˮ֮á
أֶΣֲһؾʮꡣ

ӵְ֣Сֽ򿪣ҩȻ˳˵ûж٣Ҳһ֮á

㲻룬ƾⶫҲû취ҵʱ̫ӻʱ֮˷룬֪ʱӵھܸڵطõʱ߲ûдɢ̫Ҳᵱʱº˹ŷȾʱߡ

Ҳ֪⻰ƭ֪µ˲࣬кεҪҲ˵ڶ࣬һͬȥ̫ӵ˲٣عŷ̫ӵʱߣ

̫ӻعǰ͵ʱߣǻعȾʱߣΪʱ˺ܴ𶯣ʵ۵֪һʱ˶Щûϸ˶ֽ̫࣬˺üλҪӣЩŶķ˵ǰ

̼ǵõõϢȫ𶯡
취Ϣ취Ϊʹ϶޹ҲҪȴ˹⡣

յϢ̫ް̫ްСްʺ󲡵ȴ˲ȥЩֻ֮ǧĪٳ¡Ϊ߲ˣż̫ӵɥǶû˾Ѿˡ

ʱϸֵ̫ÿɣЩ龹ἰ
û뵽ǲ룬мԵɣ

ʱͷ·һУҲŵأֻĸͱֲ԰׵ӣҺĬĬᡣ

˳ֻΪ㲻Ϊ˵ˣԼڲˣԲŻϵżˣ֪ǰʺ̫ӶԢ⡣

̼ǵ̫Ӵ𣬾ǰº˺֣ÿεõʲôʵȴʺС⣬Ҳ

ô˵˽в챦Щ˶żҺµ⣬ȴЩʺ̫Ӹġ

˵ɥĸǰʺһձӻĸĥСס¼ʱʱ



ͱˣСһһ飬ȴûдš

ʱʱڵתţ˭ܿĵĽƣȴ˸ҳ
˵۾Ѿˣȴҿ޳

ס
ץ˾һ㣬ӣضҵģԲԣ

ؿ˻ͷ

ǺãȥҲһ鵱ͬʱڶ̫ҽΣǿһҩǽҩҸ壬Ҫżҵˣȥ⹫ҰæҲɡˣеʣµЩˣЩ˾˵ȥˣܴ֪ܲʲô

ʲô
ûֱ񣬰봹˵ʲô̫磬㻹ȥЩ¡

*

Ŷ顣
ƽʱ޲ͬʵûʲôֻͬ鼸֪

ǰҲͰգ㻹ƽʱһ˺ٲ˵ˣ˵ˣҲֻ

ĵ鲢˳걻ڶ̫ҽһڶ˵̫ް󣬺±ͷϵģһֱӱʵ۴ˡ
̫ҽҲмˣ·֮˾뿪˾ǣ˵Ƿ漮ϼˡ

ǱߣûĲʮˣ̫֮ܶѳûѳģеĲˣеķɵˡԣϸ飬մӻһ˵ǰ̫ɡ

˾Ǵˣֻȥ
Ϊˣˤȡ

ڵ֪һϢȥ̫ҽ˵ˤЩء֪ʳѰձȥ̫ر׼̽

ò׻صŸȥ˶ࡣ
ԭĶ࣬ûÿ㲣ǲԲڴ˶յġ

ϴӹͲ跹˼겻ᣬʲôҲԸ˵Ҿ֪϶Ƿʲô¡Щҹ£ÿÿجоѣ˭֪ˤȡ

Ͽ޵
˵ǣȻ֪ϸ֪Ҳãһ֪һݰȡ

ΨЩǣΪ˺ĽԼˤ
ΪŮǲˣôΪʲôԶ

ſڴǰĬĬᣬวŮںڵķ֪Ϊ㣬ΪһΣǵΪ㣬ĸǵã̫

ᵽ̫ӣžѪ絶ʡ
ۣҲϧ̫Ʒأʧһӣôûˡ̫Ӻͻʺڶ˵ǶżҵҫЩӶǰ侲ƣ˺֪ıźεĥȻֻΪŮһˣͰԼˤ

ܣżܣֻܿ㡭
֪ˣŮ˰ɡĨĨ

*

ȥϴһڼ˵İ£ڶڵԺλ˵̫ɡ
ŮΣҳ䡣

̫̫ѣ̫˴󹬲ܿãикƵʺŮ˼ƷòŵŮӣ̫ӵҡ
ԴŮûʲô䣬ֻ֪̫иεģϡǵĸ˵Ů̬Ǹ֮ࡣ

ʱŮݿݣͷɿңмŻҰףֵػŮӣʮǰʰһѣǴ缦צҲͬľһ㣬˫ĿһҲ



ҡҡͷԹûʲôӦż˴̼ҽҲ֮ʰϳС񵱳С׽

һ̫ɾȻ̫Ļ׽
ԵʱһͰ˴ˣֻϧżҺŮδ˵ʲôõĻ




129.  Сʺʮţ   һҪ

127

߽Щ, Ů
˫ĿãȻƺûо۽ڶԷǰ˻֡

һֲ, Ů·ͻȻ˹, ɪȥҲԾɪɪ, ȴ֮ͬһ㣬д, ȴ˵ʲô

㱻һ, ̲ס˿
˵ʲô

㲻Ҫ, 㲻ССֻаҹ桭ԶһЩٺ, Сˣֽ治棿Сһͬòá

Դ󣬾һֱ, λ̫ɸ̫һСʱ꣬ҲʱûġһԵ, ֮̾ɫ

һἰС̫ͻȻ, θɤſ޺ҿС, 㵽ȥĶˣǲǸһͬȥ, С, ǧǣ, ˡ

˫ֻ, ץ, ڿϣʱѿϷһ㣬ԱߵѾ߻ݸһ, æڻӤ

ڰˡ
˿

̾ʲʲôģԴ󣬳Σʲô֪

˭̫ͻȻ̧ͷӡҲˡ
ݿݣͷҰףΪݵ̫ʵͦ˵ģʱͻȻ̧ͷɫ̲סľ

һԵѾȥǳ̧סˣ㿴˿飬æǰһɷµλĻʺ

ʺʺﲻôҿۿġ̫ͷɻ˵꣬Ц̫ˣ̫ˡһȺƭӣǶƭӣʺˣۿġ

ǶƭӣץͳһԵæһӵϻס㣬һˡ

ߣ̫ƺŷӦǺӣӿû˿סֻͨһ
ˤüʹȴ֪޾˹ȥ

ҵĺӣҵСòװɢͷűڻֺҡ

̾˿̧סǰˣǰ˼

Ҳ֪˭ƭ㣬ȷʵûƭ㡣ұǻʺ˵λʺǰʺǱĹĸ̫ӵұ磬նţ㣬֪̫ɻǵñ㲢δ棬ڹҲԶԶ

̫ɻҡŻĺӣﻹŲ֪С
СǧҪСҲҪҪȥжͺһͬ桭ǲȥȥ

ûӦ̾ϢţͻȻλһ
Ϊվ̫ɱñȽϽֻһƺ޲
̲סǰôˣ״

Сǲȥǧܳȥ

̲סˣƵȥ̫ǰ£ץס˫硣

̫ɣǲû裬ҷ⹬󶫹׷ʲô̫Сôģǲʲô飿ģ£ʲô£ܸ
̫ȻûӦܱ˼£ò̧ͷ㡣

ؿ㣬ؿš
ͻȻغһ

ƵĿ޺ǿ޵ʮί޵޵޵žѪ

һҪ£𣡡

*

̫װġ
ӳҲûʲô棬ܴѡб̫ӣԾⱲӼ档

֪жҲƽ⣬֪̫Ӻ̫ɪгӲͼ裬һֱؼԼΪҸһС

Ҳ칫ۺˣҲ˾ҪУǼѡŮʵģȴҲֻ̫ӵҡ
Ϊ˵ǣܿͻӣ̫ӵһС˷̫ɡ

̫˵֪ˣû뵽ǣĺû϶ãӭһ֮֡

̫ɼ̫ǺȻͲˡ
ʱ˼磬˵̫δ飬̫Ժ˼硣Ҳ̫࣬ӡ̫̫ӼңԼССʱ磬̫ͻȻŻ²ֹ̫ʧɫæ˰̫ӷȥȥ̫ҽ

Ϊʱϣ̫ҽò졣
̫ҽĹУ̫ӲŻ²ֹкֵʱʮֻң̫ǲ¶Եʱڳ˶ͻԼԺӣ

̫ҽ󣬾ȸ̫ƺЩ׼̫ҽʵʱ
ųжų¶̫ҽְ̫߷̵̫ѯʣΪʱߡ

Ȼʱߣ
ʱˣ̫ţȥ̫ҽɵʱֵҲ̫ҽһ̫ҽҲΪʱߡ

ϢʵۺʺʱҪ̽˭֪ߵ·£ʵȥ˶󣬾ˣ

һʱ䣬ݣҲһҹʱ䣬ƺ춼ˡ
¶ֲ̿ʼ̫βãԼȾϣ񶫹ˣȻʱڣйʧȥţȴ˻Ӧ

ϿնһƬİ¡
־塢ǡȺӣʹ̫¼ƺһö𣬶һӻ˵ߣоһ˲ͱˡ

ʼˡ
һʼ޻߲û֪ű㣬̫ɵϢ̫ǹȥ֪ˣ֪ʼˣȻƲס

ֹ֢״ģ˿
ɸƺκãЩȻ˹һ𣬿ʲô档

ȾԽԽ࣬ԽԽ˱ʼҼߵȾļ̫סĹļطܱطˡ
̫ɴŮԺҹ˵Ŀ

˵˺ܶˡ
˵ʼ˵ʱ̧Ͳ̧ˣֱӾ͵ա
˵ΪˣרſճһԺӣǻҶһԣͬһ㡣

Ȼ⣬˳ʲôʲô

̫ɴͶģÿͶķк̫ܶ࣬õҩûжȱʳ͹õҩƽʱѬյİݺʹףҲʱ͡

̫ΪλСԺʡ
ﲻźӣѺӽˣ̫ôģ

ԣ̫ԳЦЦܶ˶Ϊ̫Ӻ̫ɪгС̫Ȼʵġ̫Ϊ˴ȣȻܸоżܸӣʵڼ䣬һʳ߷̵ū澣̫ŵġʱ˰ж֣̫ˡ

СżвۣҲ̫ҽҩޣδĹֲ֡ʯĳҲǶĿϹܲЩȻСʱ̫СҲܲ죬ɼȻ̫УȻ㾡ܣֻϧ

ֻϧСˡ

ʱ̫԰СͶ˵˰жС֣Ҫչ˵£ʵС£ֻи

ʱ̫ʲô£Զ˶ˣʲôζ㾡һտ̫ӡ

Сｻ̫ɣһ̫ǸĵģиΣҲԴ򶫹º̫ΪԱ㲻ٴŷȡκʳǰʳûԼԺӣֻܽŻӡ

һԻǸºڵĵط̫ȷʵ۾һ
ӦǶ˭뵽̫С̫أ

ϧǳˡ

ʱҲ룬ͻȻûСǲزסģ˭֪澹ȻһûУԺ̫ҲûֹԺ˸ӣûз

һʼС̴̫̻ޣҺСڣҲû˻ϡôӹӣ·ÿնӲǳţԺﶼȥ




130.  Сʺʮ   ²

128

üʣССôµģ

Ҳ֪, Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ô¡̫ƺܵ˴̼ͻȻ, ʵ, ÿ첻۵ؿӣҲ, ҹ޷˯˯ѣ˵С֪ʲô˶, Сµú, ͺЩȾʱߵˡ

ʱҺܺ, ߵĹҲܺ, ˵ȥ̫ҽҲ, ǽ̫ҽҲ˵̫ҽҹŵ£, СȾϲǿԺ, ǲǾͱ¶С

, Եʱ̫ҧûȥ̫ҽ, ֻŮǻʳ, ɵȰҹʱ, Ск, СӹǱ, СڵڶͲˡ

ɱԶԶûнСǰŸն, ˷СҲڷȡʱ̫ɵŮӶǺģ֪Сʲôʱ򷢵ȣȥ̫СѾˡ

̫Сﱧˣ̫֮Ҳûˡ
û죬˵̫Сﶼްˡ

̫֮ǰһ£úװһ̫ԺйȥұҪ󻹰ǼԺ׼κȥռ

ǣ̫ԺҲʼˣһһ̫ɵʱңҲûȥҲûڡ

̫ԺûʣˣЩ˶ȥ˻ꡣ
ȵ˻Īˣһʧˣ̫ܵһֱ˵ʱʼװ衣

̫ΪҪȥһѣϵʲôƺԶ
Ҳ̫Ĵ汨Ҳ̫֪ԼѾΪȥ˭ԼĺӣȻ鲻Ǿܻ˵þ˵˵

Сº﷢һ㶹ƵĩЩҺ³£ÿȥóʳרż˼ãԺѾܾûгֹˡ

ºҲʱôȥóʳʱҲЩĶҪ˻ڶֽţǳ죬ҲССﲻΪ̰·Ķ

*

޷ڹ̫ãԺܿͻ˹
صɾþ޷ƽ

̫˵Ļɢ̫ɢ飬꾡ּΪ꾡ͱ˵ԼСԺ¾ʮ꾡СʲôмֹԷСʲôʱҪȥ棬ôµСǵʮ

֮෴СԺⶫƣ˽̫٣ܶ඼˵ֻܽһЩ²ȥ²⡣

Сº̫ɷСһ㲻óУ԰㶹ĩ
Ҳ̫涫𣬿ȴ˵κ֮ԣֻССǱ˺ġ

СǲǺСһͬ㶹ƣǴӺδⶫ˭дСԺ
̫ɻشˣ

˵һȴ˿ûãͨĲ

ֽ볹ҹߵ״̬
Ѿܾû˯һȾˣԴ˳Ϊǵͱν

üһЩ˳ɣЩżˣ̫ɣԼ̫ɴǲǴˡ

ô˵

ſѾƣȴû취硣

ҪЩ㣬ȴֹ
ʵڵ㰲㣬Ŀǰ״̬ް԰˯ߣȴһҹΣû˯ƣۻܡ

һͲˡ
ǿǼɲĽŲֻζҲ˵ſӦɡ

ﻹû˯

ЦԵɵĿ㷭˸泯ţ˫Ŀڻ谵Ʒ֮ȣۿµĺ࣬ԵŨصĶࡣ

΢ָḲƬɫֻͷͣ˲Ƶ̫Ѩλã΢΢š

оԼƵ÷͡˽ԴͻȻЩ̾һڣʵ̫ѾˣҲֻܴϧʵ̫ҡ

̫ǸûʲôʶȴʮСǻ۵ŮӣͲ鲻Ծºܻ
ţŻͿԷֹȾҲԷֹ˴ҡŷţʳĻȥܱ˳°֡

ʵúܺãɵ͹̬ԡ
Ҳûе͹ֻΪˡ

̫Ҳ͹˵˵ĺɩûе͹ֻʵûа취ˡ
а취ὫԼĺ͵

͵͵ģ̫Ѩû˵һͻȻ˸ƣһͷͼ米Ҫ

ȥ֮ǰùĻ¶
ůڣ⣬ֻ¶ذƯļ;ɵĺǡ

ʱˣĺȴˣһȴ˷µĶʮףһ˿

㽥Ҳˡ
̫˵ĻдлȡʲôõĶ

£˳²С֮Ӧò޵ķʸ

Ǿ˳ԣԼĴԣʱ̫Сһͬ£ǰ󲻹գ˳棬̫Ҳ棬С̫СԺСһͬ£̫ǺʱȾϵĲеĶ

òģҲʱȷʵң֮ͨ󵽣ͬʱС̫֣һУʱ䶼ã

ﻻһ뷨Ҳ̫Ͳˣһֱڼţ̫ӵĲǣС޿Ų¡ɵ淢䣬СͻȻֲȥˣ

ü룬ɵ㣺̫һֱ̫ӹչˣ̫˵ܶôң̫ӹһֱģ̫ҽ粽ֵأĹˣ֮ҩ֮涼ܼʱͽ

Ҳ˵̫û֮ǰٹûз̫ӵġȻű⣬ǳڶʹǵĿǣ̫ӹһ糣ֻҪ̫ܲݵĻʵ㲻ʲô
ô£̫£

ˣ̫ӹİȫܱ֤һʧ̫ΪλС͵̫ɵס

ֱһ侪ˡ
ˣ̫ӹ氲ȫ̫Сߣ

̫ʲô£ΣУֱپΣȻһĸײѺӵİΣڱ֮֡

ɵʲôΣ
ΣӦò̫ߡ֪ڹһЩŴ󻧵ļУ޶ͬӣǸסСͲӦ̫ͬһס̫ԾסĹѾȫˣֲܰСȥ̫̼

̫ӹﲻ̫ߣ̫ʱǰȫģ̫ӹﲢһȫ
̫ȻõʲôѶϢûСﰲ̫ӹȥ̫ɣɶȴʲϻ˵СסԼ

һĲ˵̫̫߾Գ˹ȻͲ̫Ϊ˴¡

롣
ԼɷȾزסլԺֱ˷ˣһƬҡû취ֻңֻȱסɷ򡢺ӺԼ

ԼԺӲȫɷԺҲȫû취ˣֻܰѺ͵ðȫĵطȻԼ֮ȥչڵϦɷ

˼˵̫̫ӹȾϲģҲ˵̫ʵû̫ӹҲȫ


ΪβжǶܶӣΪβٶһ˵еֶʲôʱߡ




131.  Сʺʮһ   װɵ

129

˵, ͻȻͣˡ

ΪʮƺһӾܸгϵ, ڵ, ӿʼճ񷽲ŷƵճ, ˳ģ˳ͨ, ټ

һ, ʶԼ˵е档
˵׺ͯһ, 仹̫̫ݹص, ¶֮˿ܱ֤ܲڳϣᱻͺ˳Եѩ, ǾΪѩ쳣ĺۼ

ȣСӾͺζˣپ˳, ʱ˴СңҲƺû˲ʡ
ͯ廹С, кˮ, ʹֳ, ҲֻΪˮ, ˾ûôסˡ

ֻССڶ, ̫Ӻ̫ʵǣܺõľһ
, ٲͬĶ

ôһжϳ, ֵĲǷһǸ෽
һ뵽ܶ˶һ, ;òڽ̫ʱԼȥ̫ʱԵĲҿ֮

̫ˣ
ʵʱ̫ӦûԼܻĴ㣬ǾԼ̫ӿܶŻСߣֻû뵽СҲûˡ

̫ԺˣȥȾ߲ѣʵӦҲľͷ

ҾñӦòж̫ҽԺ̫ﲡ¼̫ӦҲ
һֵ̫ҽ⣿

ûܻشΪ̫ҽˣһˣһڴ

ʥΪλôæ⹬

ƺеĶ󣬶ڶġ
ĸ겻ų켺֣Ƿ⹬ŵҲŵ˺С

ôһ仰зڣ˵þһҵĻ˶ȥ£ºɷ׷дܲܰ˶ץˡ

Ҳӣ뺦˵Ļˮ㣬͵ʱһ𣬳׻ˮô

ʵʱ̫ɵ˵ʾΪҪ⹬ΪβٵһȡΪҪôæͷ⹬
̫˵ԽأҲֻҹ˾ʱŸһᡣ

̾һû˵
㾲ſţá

һ
һ米ᶶš

ڿޡ
ֽסˡ

ãϱ׾ġ
ҲŹЩˣһŹ㽫ڱϲ˲˵

*

ۿɼˡ
һòûˣѿյ࣬°Ҳ֮ǰˡ

Ϊҹ˯ãʼŪ֬۸ڸµࡣõǿԻ㣬ɵα겻α˶֪ĲĶ˶޲ߡ

ʱԽˣûģ㲻˵ȻҲ˵

һգһϢ
Ǹ˵̫ҽȥˣˣǱ˴κϣļ󡣡

ʱľҲһ¡
֪ô¡

ԭ˰о̫ҽķء
̫ҽˣǸ֮йأ˵õʬ󣬸ҷ磬ǴҴҽ󣬾ͻ漮ϼȥˡ

ճüչ֪ĽĶõĶ֪һЩԸʬ궼ܲ㰵˾̫ҽķأͬʱĴѰǾḻ

ڼϸڲϸ֮ܶʬǺ󣬸֪ܲˣǰͷһ
̫֮ܰţֹͣʬǵͷϲһԵѷ졣

͸˲ŵȥǵȥ͸жϲ
ʬûʱͨۼָϺۼжϣʬ嶼óɹͷˣҲֻЩ

Ļǲǿȥʥϣʥز鵱̫ӵµ򣿡Ū
Ļϲ˿Ҳü

ü飬㡣
Ū˵ûô򵥡

Ū˵ʲôصɫͻȻתڵʶҲ˵ǶԵġ

ڵ󣬼һ˼ױ̨ǰ
֪㲻ˡ

޹أллһУ֪ȷʵҲûвˣֻ顣

ʲô飿
ƾһ㣬ȷʵ޷ýʵȥز鵱֮£ѾȥˣͻȻɵ㣬ƱػһʯǧˣȻܴ

һ̫ҽ˴һӣ֤ʲô䶫񱻷գ˷ǣк˵ЩҲƱزκ֤ݡ

ôýʵ۲ò飬һܶס˵죿
⼸һֱ顣

ҩˣ

ʵͷԸȥˣһֱˣͬʱԸµѰã̫ɶӻؾˣûн

ѾʹΣǵΡ
ûҵɿҽտĴҲ֪ҩޣ顣

ƽʱ٣ͻȻ˵ô໰Ŀ
ӾȥĿһƫߡ

㾡Щٰȥ̫ҽԺһ鵱С֮ǰܰԭҿһ

̫ҽ¼浵ϲ¼¼ƽʱҩϸ
֮ҩҩ档СһбȽϸļ¼ںβʱʬȵȡ

㿴
ȴûбʾʣֻӦǡ

*

һʮչȥûġ
飬żնûŪˣҲ֪ȥĶ

֦ͷš
λ氤ŹǽȷסĶĹˣŶǵһס

ɫƿţӶһƬڰ֮С
Ϸţᳵ·ͳӵȼȴ򱻵ȼһ̣һ

ƽʱ˯֮һˡ
˲Ǳˣ㡣

㴩һˮɫ£ɢͷűڿϣ¶һһѱǶ

ôôû̺ūȥˡ
æҪȥˣȴס
վס֪ҲǸŵġ

վŲתɫЩΡ
ϲ˯ܵūˣ

Ϊѵ㲻֪ԭ򣿡
ūȷʵ֪봹һʵֵģ

Цбղ㶼ѧ˵ūˣúõûģǵû


˻Ằ˵𣿡ߵ

ɫΣʵ⼸ȥˡ
ʲô£ҽĲ¿ɰˣ

Ӳԡ

ΪҲ֪ǹڶңʱ䣡


ƫͷȥ۾Ҫ֪ҾҪ£û˿

̾˿˼ڿǰͣ¡
Ҳòգū澲޶ۣǴԼյ⡣

ңҲգ˭ȥգ𣿡

û˵봹ѻڵĽϴһӰ
ԣԸҡ

ôͲף
ı˿ݲʥϸᣬܸ⹬ֻ˿ԣҪô̫Ҫôң

̫˻ʵ֮ĸʺ˻ʵ֮ޣǳ£ʵ۲Ӳ˾Ͳһˡ

ȻףֻĲףȻżŲ棬ǭ¿ˡ

ǵģǭ¿ˡ
ǽ©ε̫ǣ㣬ûа취Żֱ׾İ취ȥװɵرܡ

߽ߵǰ
վڿ£ض£ϥأȴŵġ

һûϵĴ
Ҫ֪ʲôʲô¶ա




132.  Сʺʮ   ұ뱨

130

Ƥ, üĿ
ЩƺֳЩЩӵģȴǿ, һ, Եº޺

ʱûвüĴ, ɫͫҫ£׺ϵ㷱, ˼ƽʱС

һ, ûпġܿеľ, 

̧, ᴥ
ָ΢΢ػ, üҡ

Ҫ֪, ұ뱨ᣬ, ȻҶԲĸ, Բɩ, Բն, ҲԲ̫һС

һʵܶʱ, ʹԼС, Ҫٽ֮֡ҺЩֵ, ΪҪ˱ɥĲ񣬸ЩΪȨֶþӶŹ

𲻱, ҳԲ˯㣬Ҳ֪֮˳˷˭һõĻᣬǴλᣬԺ뱨֮ѡ

ǵλкã
ǰЩ˲ʲôֻҪץסѱֻҪºװʵֵӣڳϿһڹ̬ûʲô취

Ϊ£ֵĿݴȡ
ôЦ

ǰΪûоܾ˳ɣʼ˳ɶûΪ룬û˳ɴʹлҲֻǻɶѣǰĶ֮ͻʺ֮ϧȴҲע

һһػ֮Իı䣬Щ͵ǰ
ǰ¾ãûȥԽ

Ҳǰˣװһ¾ãʵ򲻹ųı֣ųȥˣѪծѪ

ĻʹǿԣǣԶԶ뿪ط
뿪ˣһˣҲˡ
նţЩȻˣӱܲˣƽʱοʱҲô˵Ȼӱܲˣôÿ۸øЩɡ

ԽԽͣ񽥽룬ô˵šš

֪ôʲô𣿡˺һŵ

ʲôΪѾţϰֱǶĽСݣȴ˸оһ
ҵȻ֪һʲôҿܻᶪܻԺܶ谭ĸأ⹫ȥ߹أÿϴƣԶżҵĴѹڶͷ˵ûʥϵƲŵġ

Щӣÿÿҹշת֮ʣ̲ס롪
һȨǿҵĻʵۣһΪԶȨϧ׷ĻʵۣԸ⿴һֵ׳꣬Ʒأܳ͵̫ӣ

ʵ۶겻ǵóҰԹص

۲ڣ̫Ӽ
ЩΪܶǣǰҲ˽⵽飬̫ӳǰвٳֹһ˾֮ȨΪ̫Ӽ

ʵۿԸ⿴̫Ӽ
ٶĲ룬Ϊһͻ᲻

ΪЩҪ

ڱƽʵۣżһȥǸù˼ɻĪ⳾ѾõĶ

*

Ӳ̫ù
ǶҹŲλȥѶõȴˣĸ֮ûˡ

¶ָȻûԼڳ̫֮¡
ӵ̫֮в˶ˣƲ֮ͷǶģǽʵۼǺޣȻǺڶͷϡ

̫˽⽨ʵ۵ıԣ˵֮ǰŲλ£ֻ¼ߵǲģ淢£ڽʵͷϲ˸̡

ҵģ

Ҳ˷˶գ̫Ƕ˶˹ѯҩȻҲûҩﶼ֪ˡ
ġ

⻰û˻˵˶ǵſ֣ɵţʱøʱ
ǳԽΪֵ̫֮ĲԽء

ʵ۵Ҳ˻ӦóԾټѡ
¿ɺãֱ͹˿ԽԽ࣬ƺҲûôˡ

ֵһǣԴӵ̫ӵ³ˣʵ۾Ϳʼϳˡ
䲻糯֮ǰ²һΣڴǼֱҪм㡣ΪˣЩõĳǸǷټҾټˮ̴һϸֵòɿ

ϡǣʵ۷ûŭÿ糯֮ʾ濴֣óΪļĿ

ʱȻƲסܶ˶ֵҰ
Ҳֻ̫֮λʵ̫ۺˣЩ˾ͬ˻ķɶ֪꣬ǰܿǵɽ𺣣ǰ˺ӵȻҲЩ̫ϲڵĹ򣬻ˮʵ̫̫ࡣ

ⲻΪټĳڶ࣬ʷвרȨŰڣŮʵ顣
Ϣ󹬣εˡ



εϢġ

ǿû˳ֵĴ㣬ЩҲɮ붨Ҳ˳ĸˣԽ㡣

ÿҲ˵˵лεϢлʱġ
Ȼ϶ֻ˵лÿл֮Ϊ˽⵽лСûٽ㽲һЩϵ¡
Ҳ˵ѵˮȴֵζ

ߺͻȻԵ÷ǳܣǰģȴͻȻ˾˱ˮ˵Ҫԡ
һϴϴ˽ʱյϢմԡ˾ѾѬѣ㴩ϡ

һĺɫ۳
ʵڼٻᴩĺ죬ڳ˰˵º󣬳£ѾٻѡĺɫĲˡ

ٲȻġ
СԲ졢š䣬оֻʷˣԸʽ٣֦ҶͷβɣƮݶʧȣɫȴֲʧ

ǱģԵø֮ǰΪˣܶѴ϶Եÿյġ

㴩Ѻ󣬾ױ̨ǰ˾ᷢ
ãϽ˿Ϊס׺˵ĵٷڣҲû˾Σֻ׺ޣִ˶Զ

վתٲȻ˸ģ
ʧӺݣȴֲ˾ø߸ϣ͵һ磬ɫ

Щ㶣ѾܾûôĵĴˡ
ˣ֧ˣ

ֻĲͬѰ

Ŵ˾ӹĻףû˵ֻʾס
ߵǰ£ӹףСΪϡ
һֻһֻ

õĻᣬġ
ǡ

ͷô㻹û׼ã
û˵ȶ˫ȴЩ

׼ãҩޣǸҲҩҲޣҲ˸޷顣
ҩº󣬻ʲô״̬ʲôӦȫƾ˳һ֮ʡҩʮ꣬ǲʧЧûã˭Ҳ֪

㻻ˣƤգգ
ⲻǱˣ

ڲ
ҲΪ֮ǰرܵԭڣȥðա

ôˣɲ㡣Ȼ¶Ѿ׵Ҳţкοԥģ

ĬһʵЩĴ߶˱¡ֻҪٸһЩʱ䣬Ҿ뿪ȥ˾࣬ʱ뱨ҲǲܱαҪգ
Цˣ껤׵ͬʱһۣ˱·ӣ

ս˽
˵ֵô뿪ǱװӣȡˣܻˮԺʲôҲǣϣ

ǰô뿪ģǺԿµ̫ӱŽ¶
ʱû㣬˵¾ãʵĻֻеĹֱսթ
ȻҲûٰʱ໹˵ǶŻʺĹ

һΣǳ׽סˣл˵㵡
û뵽ԼĴᱻʶƣʵ⻰˵ڣɡ

˰ɣԺҪʲôͬҰ°ˡ״ã㶯˶ָ֣ЩۣȴָҪ޼ˣҲ𼱣˰˳ɽйл˵⣬ָҪˡ




133.  Сʺʮ   ʺȾˡ

131

ŻʺȻȥ̽ˡ
սٹ, ϢƵĴ˶

û˾ûʺȥ̽Ϊ̽ôЩʱȥ, ƫƫʱ, ʥʱ
ԣ˶ûʺȥֵ, 

Ҳ˷ʱɫⲻá
ϧһûԵ, ǻǰ, вǲ, ڶδ, ҵʺ䱳Ķżҡ

һʱί
϶ŽӲЦлǰ̽, £ëˡ

ңǵһڴǰʾ, ⸱ƺǰǰķɫ԰, ۿ, Ļе, ƺ¶͸еĲ̬֮, Ǹ̾

, ˵屧, һֱǰ̽, ҲвŹ

Ŵǰ̴ľúƵĽĵƵӺ, ̬ʶԵá
ֵŮ۵ͣ۵һͻˮ
Աȷֱ˲̶Աȡ

Ȼûвڱսָδ
Ĵݣٹԡǵ

ЦǷ˵ñĻŭš

һżˡ
̫Լ飬һʱܱϻ̣ʺҲ֪ʲôа裬֮ǰһֱԹĲˣƫƫʱˡ

ٹ¶ͷöʱ

ǸʲôԵģôûʺ裡ͳҲ߳÷˸ҧĺ

ûţֲԲģҪ̽Ȼδذ˰֣һӡ

˵ô˵ĻǺܿͶ˲
ӹ򿪲ᣬ̾ò裬ȴûкȡ

ΪȻϲǰڸӣСǼĴ಻²˶ҲͲٹʲôطﶯֽţ
Ҳ˹ȥкһ˿ƺڳЦ̬

ǽ³ǰǳÿӱ޴ϱģͷûСЦ

ԣ̾һصȥһڡ
ȻǺò裬˵ö࣬Ȼ

üһЦưˡ
أ費ǣǰҲж裬ȡ֮ǰڲʲô·ݣƷû뾩أĲȵˣ˵⻹ϵȵġ

ģָǲѿеһƬǰϡ٣˵ǰеˡ

ⲻʲôֵǮʲǳϱһƬ԰ԼҲĶǻʺϲȻ᳼˶ȥ
ⲻǶòá˵ţȴŲյûö

ţ̹˲٣Ǹߵ
ʲôõġȥǰĲ裬ʺˡ
ǡ

Ϊ˱ʾӣȥš
ߣһߺŲ裬һ߲ű߼ʵغͷ˵ŻΣǳҩ֮࣬˲¶ƣɫʶȤվ

ȻӲ̹Ҳ߶ˣ㻹ǶЪϢɡ
ǳ檾Ͳˡ

͡
ҡ־̧ܾ֮ȴСϵĲյžһյڵˡ

Ҳ̫ˣ
ȥ̽ȴ˶

ƽ㷴Ӧ
ЦӭƽָʹһԵĹŮ˿ȥʰˡʺūȥɡ

ã㻹̺
˵ô˵ǰͳٹš

ȥˤĲյѾʰˣϵˮʰһɶ
ʺҲ֪ʲôġ

ЦǸʲô󲻹Цϡ
һɫ



ȥٹģȻҲŻȥ
һڳϣƺƵ֪ʺǴٹų

ϡǵӲ裡ŪС
㶫ʲôָժģ㺬Ц˵ͷ

￪ģŪȻûʲô˵ġŷȥٹɫǿ֣óТ˵ʵŪҲͦ˵ġ
ΨЩɲؿ㺬Цز벻ԭֻĬ

ԺҪٺֱŤˣǶˣȻŵùġ
⻹һ¡ǴºŪûᣬ˭֮ܿıŤﲻᣬΪ֪˭֪ڴʱ

ūҲǺֱŤū澾ǡ
ǴºŪҲԼǲ̫ϣû¾жֻǸ

ˣǶҪúõġļ磬ĻԺҪʲôò⣬ͦġ
ô˵ɻ

ͻȻˣ뵽Ķ˵ĶǼʲôã¹ر³̡
˵㼸ɲ̾һڣ˲㺬Цǰȥˡ

ǺЦһţߵøѡ
δйɡ

Դ빬оͱӣĸ硢ˡԼˡ񡢽ʵۡӾִٲ񣬵òܣò

ת߳˵һ֮תãûиڤڤ֮ƺʲôһֱѹϢܡ
һ̣Ƿɵģжʲôعѡ

µֻƵ
ŲһɻЦš

ƺԣǰһѯʡ
Ц쵽ˡ

ǵء

ֻսֱƺ֣Ҳʼˡ
ǲҺ񿴼ڹǰվš

鿴ȥ˵͸оһббص˹




ʺεˡ
ٹ˾εˣĴŶû͵˹ǰ

Ϣ̴ʹ
̫ҽԺһȺˣԺˡ

𶯣˹ѯ
ϢǬ幬ʵۺܿˡ

ô£

һȺ̫ҽû˵ף˽㼷ңҼ㣬ű˳ͷ
ʵ棬ؿ⸱棬˲롣žһײڵ棬˸ףҲõиš

Ķ޵еˣһ̫ҽģߴҴҴ߳
Ժ

Ժ˵

ԺףͷˣҲٴ棬ʱȴͷ󺹣ɫԥ
Ժʲô͸Ͻ˵ɣ֧֧ˡһԵ

ԺæǰرµĻʺ󡢻ʺơơ
ʲô

Ⱦʱߡ
ʱߣʵЦԺԺƺûϺͿĵزޣʺȾʱߣ




134.  Сʺʮģ   춯

132

ʵ۵, ִЩݵ࣬۾·˱, ᡣ
Ժſ, Զͷء

ң
ޣʺʱߣ

һԵԺ, ǲϺͿˣ鷢Ҳû˵еطֳʱ, Ƕ, ȻҲ, ʺܻʱߣ

΢΢̫ҽԺ˶, ֢״ȷʵʱߣ΢Ҳֻ˵, ΢Ҳȷ΢ѧղ

Ժ͡
̫ҽԺҲſڵϣҳ

ʵû˵, ɫѱ档
ʱŪ˳, 嵽ʵǰ, ܻʱ, Ǵٹ, ٹ˷˷Ĳ, ϶ǲ⡭

û˵, Ҵǰס, ϡ
ѾͷҲǼˣŻû
ôǿûأǴٹ, û߽˾͡

Ū޵ᡣ
֮ʣ޵ִһ󶯾ŮľŪ˶ʱҲ˲ø״æ˽ȥ

ȥٹ飡ʵ۳

.

ٹյϢġ
Ŷʵֵ̫󣬹εˣٹţ˲ȥ̽𴦵Ϣɻʺε¹ôȻ֪ܲ

ںͷ˵£ʵȥѹ˾ˡ
˶ҿסˣһ׼˭ǻڵ߶ȥ˾Сӣһӵ

ɹ⵽Ƿ˺£ͶĴݣ涯æЦӭ˳
ùðСЦ´ûʲô£ԸĲ£ùŷԸˡ

Щ̫˵˵ʱϴЦȴƫƫ

ƣӲãշ˲ɽ㡭
ЦСѾʹɫȺ̫һյʱ˻ҲƣķӦ

ʵۼҲùãǱ߱˵
СЦ˸ƣʱѾʶˣȴʲôֻܸСһ·ֱ޵

ʺ̽ù裿
С㵽Ǻ˼˼˵ʺ¶ڴϣɫףüֱ

γܹίǱūŶڴʻЩûɲ

ū澿ûô˵ūҲʻūԸĲ£ǧգʲô˵Ͱգ¿ɻŵū澻ػ

в
ū澲ңǧĪᡣ

˵ô˵ʻȴЩٸʵס
ӻʺ˭ӭģʺӴʲôˣĶʲôڵĶ
ֱ޾ϸ

ˣ̵Ĺˣˮ̵ĹŮ
˵ʺٹһյ裬ǲյСĴˣϵˮҲɾˣСӵɫͱζ

֮˰ѵĲҶƺҲЩŵӣʲôҲû˵ֻЦ˰Ѳ蹣ߣ˵Ҫȥ

ߺ󣬷ɫѿ˼¡
ʺٹȥεˣ϶ǹƱ

ʱһŮҴ߽
ű˿ˣ˵ʱҲūҲ˽ڲűŽ
ǱɳȥϢˡ

¿ɲ鵽ˣ̫ҽô˵
⹬ŮС̧ͷ˷һֵۣͷ˵̫ҽԺ˵ʱߣǺ񡢺Ǳ³ˣ˵񣬾жû˵ʱߣûԴͷʺǻʱߡ

һŴӲվˡ
ʶȥ񾪺
ƺ뵽ͬһ£һӰˡ



ʹһƬѹС
̫ҽԺ˲ͣؽ˵޵ĹŮŲæɫ
̫Թû˱ˡ̫ͣѵóһδܿǼΪӻʺġ

ʵٹٹ㱻˿
ʽºٹйء

զҲ˲ŵġʱ򷽹ʺͼʲôһûжӵĻʺ󲻾Ǹ裿ѵ˵ǻʺʲô÷ϰˣòŻ޴֣

ô˵ȥʵûбĽˣĶҲ١У񵫷ܴģһ˵ʺȥȻûˣҲûãֳĶɲ١

Ҳ̫ҽԺˣ˵λʺĪǲãȻҲᶯôŭ

ܱ˵û棬ǵˣûʺǶԼİʾǲǻʺԱ˵ʲô˵ӣǾټ̫ӣ߻ûõϢȴ֪ˣԷΪǿ

ǲǣܹĻᣬԲŹ
Ҳ˴Ҷ̽ģֻӦر󣬿޵ǽһ֪ĻΪˡ

ޣڽʵǰǰʺǰ㻹ʱ򣬿޵ýʵɫԽԽѿֱ
ͬʱһͨҩ

.

ʹˡ
ԸֹһμûӣӵǹʱЩ⡣

ֲô⡣
չ﷢ô£ֵһ˽ʵ۵߳𣬵˭ܿʲô⡣

Ϊôʺ֮µǲǷΪΪҪԻʺ֣
һһš

Щ߶ƵۼǺˣֵоƻ֮ʣͨҲ
Զĵˣǿû湲֮ͨ

²⣬ֻ˵ǶСͻʺ󣬸С˹ĵΪЦ
ԣǾù֮ˣü

Сڵ裺ɲжϣǸĿǰƲ²ѣƽЩúǲ©ʲôʺʲôҾ޲Ƿһ֪֡ЩʱЩ飬ϢһĲһǾ˺ܶಽ

ԣɫѿ

ʱиŮҴҴ߽ˡƺʲôֹؿ
ʲô˵ɣֲˡ

ˣ
üһҲû˵ʲôֻŲյȲ衣

ĻСٹǬ幬ˣԺˡ
Ǵٹѳʲô

һۡ

.

Ǭ幬
Ժʵû˵
ѹ춼˲ӡ

ʽʵΣÿˣҲĲӾ֪ˡƽʱʱģԽٹĲԽͣŵٹ¸ſ˵ϣǸϽģҹ¡
ǽʵһڷ̵С̫ܽľ顣

Ҳ˴ʱͷţٳӣ˲ⲻﴳ˲ӣװˡ

ĶҲ鲻
ܣ

Ժſڵϣ蹣֮٣ǵĲҶ΢ûмҲû˵кʹкȻԡ

ʵ۾Ĭһ˲ʣʺˣ
ԺĨ˰Ѻڻ֮Уʱк֢״ֹסˣһֱȣ΢¡¡

ʲô
΢ҩɸһֱˣԺҧʺж£Ѱҩǵ֪ʲô£зҽ

ʵһ
òŵȥɣʺ޾ʱˡ

ǡ
Ժ˵ϢߺһƬž֮С

ȥ飡
ȥʣ
ȥʷʺ󵽵ǶʲôŻӣ

һ仰ƺݷĳʵټԵʱ̧ͷȥڿ彨ʵ۵ɫɫæͷӦǡ

㣬ȥ
ҪתͻȻֱʵ۽ס

㲻ȥñȥ
£

ñȥסҪ©˷
ͷǡ




135.  Сʺʮ壩   ˳ɣôá

133



Ϣڷﴲϡ
ɫ԰, 촽ɿݣ˱ݣʱű, ҲԵñµ

֮ǰĻЦﻹǰ, ˭֪һ۾ͳӡ
鼸ڴǰеĺȦ, еĬĬᣬеĿռʲô, ȴһֱ, ȴʰá

ΪʲôͳˣǷ
ͳ, ǽж

ҲͰ, ̫ҽ棬һɴ, ΢㣬涼һ

ӣЩ̫ҽô¶ﲻ, ճյҩҲ, ɸ, ôźãŪ̵̻
, ø⡣

ɫɷ, ۾ס
, ȴǾ, ޿޲, ܾɤ￨ʲôֻһһµ

˵һ¹ͻ³, ¿ɶ⣬˵ڸô죿

˵üΪͬʱվŵ

ѹƵʱ֣һƬεվǸطǵйղĵطһƬɫӰ

ѾվܾˣŵһʱһֱվǶ
ϢվţǸľӡ

һֱû˵ɫҲһֱûб仯ʱȥǾĬӣͷǽǸڶϢʲô

񣡡ԣֺ

ãһƮ
ȡ

ɵȵʲôʱˣ֮ǰô㣬㵹ãȻ޷Ӧ˵ø⣬㻹
Ūӿ죬סʱѾ˵һѻ

ǼΪ˵ĻȴϢվ˫ĿƺעʲôƺʲôҲûп˷·С
Ūʲôʱܹܹ죿ƽʱ˵ҲͰգǴСһ𳤴Ҳƽϣ㡭

ôˣŪ۾
ڵŪһֱǰͷ̣ƽʱ컰࣬ʱȴưƵģ촽ҧˣϵҲһֱûɣޡ

Ҳݲĳѵ˵ĻҲ˵Ƕ⣬Ͳһأ
ҡ

ʱͻȻ˵ˡ
ô̫ҽڣʥڣʲôú̺ǡ

ƽʱʱȴɳƷǳȻ϶Ҳܡ

ת߳޵
ߵĹУһֱ¡

ƺû˷һֱڶڹǰĿ㵹£ַסһ̡

.

̸
˳ͻȻҩʲôʱˣ

ڽ˯ҩһ˾ˣһƬڰҲ˲ûشæվȥơ
ȵ˵ƣҩŵ춼ˣôˣôԴ͡Ҳ˵ūҲҳҪţ

˳üë첲һѡ
ԳԳԳԣͻԣ

ҩ۵ɲɫҲˣѵ
˳Ҳ֪Ѿͷ˵ͨվʲôȴ֪ʲôźãΧڵתȦתҩͷ̲ͣסôˡ

˳ɸֻ촽૵ٵȵȡ
ҩһͷˮɴʱ߸ʱ߶ȥˣ˱һˡ

˳ǰֳȥǸ桪
ڹϣһƽʱׯ̬֮
ֽ̤Ÿ̫ࡣ

̫ףüҲãƺСԼָס
ָ״毺ãָмҲƣָҲϸϸװ׵ģһ˫űõ֡
µҲˣȴǷϺụ̈ȥˡ

˵㿼ǿǣõĻᡣ
Ųóȥùͷĸҡ촽˵˵ңȴ궯

ҲҾˣҪ֪õĻᣬǱѵ㲻Ѱһɱ㡢ʮʥǰ¶Ļ᣿
˻һ

˳ɣڹҲô꣬Ӧ֪٣ʥϿصȴû룬ͷһݱʥϿصĻ˭

Ȼʺǰʡ˳ʶ
˵ŷ˵˻ɵؿһۡ

˳룬϶᲻ˣ˭֪ԷϴЦƺͷָǰ̫ôȾָס
Ļ֪˳ɣԷûֻǲˡ

˳㻹ǴģȻôѵ֪ҹĸΪָ˭йأ
ȻΪ̫֮˳ĬĬ

ʥϲ֪˭ǰʺҲͰգ֪ʥϻŹˣΪʥҳ׵㣬᲻ʥ϶ʮ࿴

˴ָף˵Ļȴġ

˳ɱˣɴûŹ㣬ڲ㣬ûᣬǸ᣿ӻ߰˻̫ӵı
ôõĻ͸㣬ȥǶĥ֮ĸϣҲǣʮܶɫ꣬ѵ㲻Ϊӳڶһΰ⵹λӣ
˳ɰ㵽Ǽٴ

ɡ
·ɤͬʱһǻطײ

ǵģȷʵðա
ͬʱǳɹҲܴ

÷ϣƾĸӾˡȥ˶Ͱ˻ӣҲʮӻԲʺӣԼʺ£ͬһϣʺʮΪӣ˭

ô˵ǲǾڰʾԼ



ţʵ˳ԼѾ˴𰸣˵ҪʱģôõĻǰ

ȻУ檲ƺҲ˵ȥ
ԷŤ󾢶Ҳû˵ʲôֻһЦߵİ̫ҲһۣƵ˳ȡ

Ǻã˳ס¡ϸ˵Լļƻ˳ĿɿڴͬʱҲ
סˣһҪϹͷһҹϵ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȥʥϣͲˡ

*

ĻԲûг̫á
ֿܿʼµһк

ʳͲãԵ٣Ȼûʲô£йˮµǵ֭
̫ҽûа취ֻǿиˮϡ࣬ǰŹȥĶžͳģ㱾ͷȣյụֽ֮̀С

£ˮ֮µһк
һҹʱ˶ƣ

˾庬ᣬӸ壬۾ʹ̣ҲڿǰĶȥֱŷһ

ʲô

æ߹ȥͼλ¶΢΢͹ƺƤϣ͸ϣͷɫİףԵ÷ɲ
ѶµӣԿ϶С

ŮҲ˲˵ְְִ½ˣȽ⿪һһ󣬼Ҳֲ򶨡
ҲһҹһֱûߣʱԶԶһۣʱһ

ҹ̫ҽܿͱнˡ
ɻŮб̫ҽҲͲ鿴¶Ĳλط
ʱ̫ҽҲжϣ˵Ҫȥ

ʱӰ̫ҽҲˡ
̫ҽȥ˵⣬Χһǵͷҡͷһһ˻ûȵŪʵ̲סǰȥʣ˵Ȼֻ˵ҪԺ顣

.

ԺͣȻҹ
Ҳû̫ҽԺֵһҹʱŸ˾͸ˡ

̫ҽͰ಻סһֱǰţԶԶæ߹ȥʺͻ״

ôã

ʵڣ̫ҽҲˣʺ˶еʲôﲻԺҹȥһҹҽҲһͷûС
ɴܣ꣡

˭ָԣֻ̫ҽԺš
ҲֻȥʥˡԺ̾

ֻһҹȴƾ˺üꡣ
ټһ̫ҽԺԳ͢ٺ»ܱ¶ͣȻʺĲβˣԺѹ֪

Ժģһղ̫ܵҽԺӣԺָһЩҽϵ⣬˽һֱʦͽƣԺߺʵڷĲ£ͰѲ̫ҽ

Ժ̾Ҫߣ̫ҽԥһ£ס
ʦ
£̫ҽн˼ǰǳƺԺˣɼٻôƺ

ҡ
ôˣԺ




136.  Сʺʮ   ܶ

134

̫ҽ, ɿԺϵ
̫ҽǸΣĲ£һãԼԴҲͰ, ǣһҡԺѹ̫ҽγ֪, õ̫ҽԺԻʺ޲ߣʺи, ̫ҽԺȻҪ˿ʧְ֮

˵Ժ
ʱС, ʥǨŭ, ǣպǰ̡

̫ҽսȭͷ, ±˾
Ժ߽˼, ˵˼仰

˻棿Ժ
̫ҽͷССĲ·ɸ¹, أ̫ҽԺҪ鿴ʬ¼ڰʱ¹ٱЩɻֻͯ, ˮ¡ʱĲˣ¹Ҳû, û֢״, ֻǵʱ, ݲõ, ¹ٱǡɽռʺĲ֢, Ƥ״̬Сﵱʱͬһ, ¹١

Ժһŵն, ó˵
ʦγԣ̫ҽ

룬Ϊ, ô֮´죬ǣϻʺĲҼ֪ʺΪжСͬˣǣٹλλλӵĹ

֪֪ٹйأΪιһҹûж̫ҽԺʺ£ʼ֮±Ƕһ²һ£ǣλӣҲ˵ҶмͷʵѰʵǳʱǱλӡһλԼƽңм

̫ҽ󺧡
ֻ뵽ʦ뷨û뵽滹ôŵʱԺĻ亹乣˶ˡ

ʦǺã
˵ЩˣˣҲҪ룬ҲˣȥǬ幬һһɡ



Ǭ幬
շǰףʵ۱ˡ
һͨһķϴ¡

ʵ۴ѣ¡
ٹǱ߿˽

ƺ⣬¶һ˿ɫﲢڲҩٹūҲˣű˵Ҫ©ûҶ̣¿ڷ絹һ£˵֪

Ҳ˵ûн
ͷ

ʵ۳ĬŨüȴ
ʺˣ

²̫ã˵һҹһֱδˣԺӦʺ


.

Ժܿͽˡ
񣬽űʵ˻ʺͻ䡣

ʵŨü
Ժ͵ɫᵽеһᵽɤ

̫ҽԺҽλʺ󣬿óʲô³̣
ԺһƬ⣺ﲡ֢ʵںδţδʵ΢á

Ҳ֪ã
һȺҪǺã

Ժͨһ£ſףٲԡ
ʵδ˵ﾲš
̫ҽԺһʱ䣬ǻҲҽ֮

ʣµĻýʵ˵ԺҲ
һ֪֮̾ǰԼİʾùʾʺжﶼ֪¿ܺٹйأʱҲ˵ȥٹ飬ƫƫһҹͱ˿ڷ磬Ǹ⣬׷ٹˡ

Ȼ׷ٹʺ¿϶Ҫ˱κÿ϶´󼪣βãο׶༪١
ʵΣ͸³ˣĻȵ죡

Ժ˼͸֮֮࣬Уֲ̫ҽ£ڿҲֻһ
ƺ˼ٹλϣȥƶѡ

΢һҪ
˵

ԺΡΡƲסȫһ˼ֻͣˣֻԺԼΪʲô
񳿣ʺͻ״иֵص̫ҽ֮ɣͻȻ𵱳С

Ժþ˵ţûзһԵѾȥˣ׽ʵ۵ɫѾѿ޷ݡ

˳֮뵽ģʵ벻
Ϣ̫ӲƼãɽ̫Сް˵Ϣ̫ӾͲˡ
ǡǡҲ£Ͽ˻ʺ塣

Ժ֪˵ʲô
΢΢

Ժͷ󺹣ѳζ˵֮ʣͻȻһ
¡¡

˭
ͳɳƵѹֵ£ƺŭͻӿ
һС̫Ҵ߽£˳˵кҪҪ£ū澱ߣ˵ºͻʺĲйء

ʵǲ죬֮ŭЦ
ãܺã޵ҪʲôҪ£



ʵ룬Ҳû뵽˳ͽҩġ
һ˾÷˼Ĺ¡

˳ɾŵԣѷ߹Ů裬ԼִĥЩһϵе˵ˡ
ȻܾίԾͷĶҲ֮ǰѩܿ˳ѩܿҲܱܿҡ

ŻʺǴٹͲģ䲡״ʳѰһҹʵסˡ
ݱ΢ҲСڹӲǣֻ밲ȶգɻʺǸˣʮӡ

ﲻʮ˶ҩ֮࣬ҲԳ檺ʮĶչˣимҲ޷Ҳ׳ŵǰҩ˳ͻ֮

˵ѩҲ֢ͬ״֮ʱʬɫ

˳ջʺ󽻴ĻһҪ״Ʋᵽ¡
ûʱ˳һȴҶԡ

˵㵨Сȴ͵ҩ

˳Сƽʵɫ޵ҲʵڲѣʱѾӣȴԣ¹ݲ³檣Щӳÿҹεѩ𰡭ҲǱƲѲ͵ҩΪԱ

ҲģʱȴĿɿڴȥʵֻۣ֪ηҪ⡣

˴ʱʵ۷ƽˣƤɫ쳣ƽԵԽĪ⡣
ҩ졣ָָ죬պڣҩøԺްȥ
ǡ

ʵֵ¡²Ҫἰ
ǣ¡˳С˸ȥ

߳Ǭ幬Ÿܵѿζ

.

һֱͲŹ顣
ʱǬ幬ѻȸʵڿӣһԷ̵Сֻû״С̫ҲţϢ

ʱʱʵһЦҲ֪϶дʲô
벻ʲôöӳʲôǸʲô̬ȣû˱

ˣ

ʵ˹ĺ˼룬æЦǰ
ҩô
Ƕ֢֮ҩūһԿԺͼλ̫ҽʺҲˡūȱˣ͸æˣûҶ

ǻʺϵ֢״ˣ
һ£ҩȷʵٲʱūȥʱ£ǲ֪ʱūȥǱһûɲ֮

ʵۺû˵
˵ȻҲҶ˵ñĥīСȥˣԼλá

˵˳м棬Ժ˳ɿʲôǣ

¶ɫܲģ
˽ʵ۰뱲ӣıԡ

ֲֻܲþ䣬һһ£û˵˳ɺԺʲôǣ˳λڴˣƽʱҲòԺ

ʹҲλԺ̫󡢻ʺ󡢽ʵۡ
ʵʵۻﻹиûᣬǾǻʺ

˳ģʹʲô⣬ҲԺǻʺ˳Ϊʺҩ˵һеģʺжٹҩ
ɻʺǣǰʺǰ̫ӡżң˵ʵʵ˳ɣ˵ǻʺ󣬿ɽʵ۲˵ȻҪװɵ

Ͷ֪

ū澷ȥʺȷʵңһҹʱ䣬˾̫ͷɹһյģյụ̀ûг࣬κˣҲҪһβ̵ӡ

ʵûнǻ㵽ֹ
˻ʵͻȻܶ

쵱Ȼ֪붯ͶˣĻ׼©СȴǴԺֻܿ˰˻ӡ
Ǻôĵӣ

žһڰϣ罦һīòɵ룬˴мһ
ȴһҶ

Сæǰͷʰûҿģǽĸɵһۡ
һֱʰɾ󣬽ʵ۲Ʋһۣʰʰȥʲôӡ
ĬĬȥˡ




137.  Сʺʮߣ   Ҫ飬

135

ݳݺ, 졣
ĻǰĺĿˣϼ
Ůͯ˦Ѿͷܳ, ں, ųǴĻӧӣһһ, һ΢ġ֦辵ĺģͷϱ

һûס, ٱûס
һֻ޳˹, ĺ, , ЦСҲ֪ˡ

Ůͯת̧ͷͿɫ۵ꡣ
ͷɴƹ, һϵȵ֬ͲҲʮӣݿ, ޳ʺ, һִжȵɡ

ôܵ, ߵѾߺ͹أ
̫Ӹ硣СС, ϳ˱סաֻ뵽ĻĺĿ϶, ȴĻ̫ۺ͹֮ء

ǲƤˣ̫΢Ц̾, , ߰, Ҵȥĸ󡣡
ŮͯʱˣЦеǣϴƣߡ

̫ӵ¡
λŹ۵ϳ

Ϳ, Ȼ͹顣
ϳдŲҹͬƺ˵Ѱ̫Ҳ޲ɣ̫ȴû˵ʲôֻǵͷˡ

·ϣ̫ӶŮͯ´α͵ܳСˡ
ͷҲлˣŮͯɻüл̫ӸͻʺĸߣͲ۸ˡ

̫һ㶣ЦҡҡͷǸСѾͷ̫Ӹ˵Ļסˣˣ̫Ӹͻʺĸֲڣָôأ
ôܲڡ



ʱֻ֮С
ʵУûȫԣϵʹĥֻ֪ǵյûһֱǻڰΰ֮䡣

ڼ˸Σε̫ӣʱʹҲֲ嵽ֻһΣϾͻ̫С



˾ĺӳ۵׵ȴ
ûʲôֻͬ۾ɫξͫӣȴѻѻģͷ̲˱ꡣ

񣿡
оõ𣿡

˵ͷļ̫ҽ㶼ӿ˽
šʡУҪ¶̦˿̫ҽʺΣգ̫ҽԺҩüȣҪһӡ

̫ҽ뿪󣬱ٶһ̹
ͷҩ

㱻ҩüᶼˣɸιҩƽʱ޲ͬҲŵģµȴݺӣһڹԼҩĸо

ЩίҲ̫ؿһۡ
봹ѻƵĽë˲ٿ࣬ˣˣҩȡ

͹ҩˣĻᶼһȾ룿
Ҫ飬ﱻһǡ

ǣ̵ģǹɿɬĸоʱ˲١
ٿͫӣ뵽֮ǰ£ʱίûˣЩΡΣڿվŵ˺׵۾ڴﵽ˶塣

ʱҪ£û˵ģֹ֪ǰ¶ۼ
ֻһ֪

뵽ҪܵѹĥЦһ£ǵˡ
Ū۵һͿ޳ˣڴϿ޵ټҲ࣬Ҳ΢õ㡣

ūǿɵˡ
ʲôģ᲻˵

࣬Ǳһˣվˣһ£㿴˵ʲôָֻ糣
룬ȻҪҸʱ˵˵ôţͻȻһ

˽񼣬ȥһˣ֪ʲô
ˡ

˭Ҳ֪ٹ⣬ôģΪǷߵĹ¹ùã˵ҪʺŵĹҲ
ˣ֪βΣǸٹйأûʲôɫǰ󶼸ˡ

ֻû뵽ͻȻ
ǿ֣˵Ҫʺ

˵ڲˮжֽţԼ⣬ûκָʹΪζ֣˵Ǽʺ̫ţٹֵ֮ʣƫƫʺʱſ֣ûһʱͷԷȣ˵㶫

˸ߣȥ˾
ܹòע⣬ʵֵ̫һ־磬ģ浱˶ɵӣ

һԶˣ
գ˳ȥǬ幬ԺȥҩҩȾͽˡƹ˼ڣ˵úܺ

Ҳ˵·ֻҹһ졣

ٹΣ
˷ٹ˶٣ʱû˵κδá

ü̧۵Ķǡϧȴûʲô̧գ㻬
˾強ȥţһһ¡
ü˼Ƭ̣˸ٵȵȿ

ȣ
ټɫãͶû˵ʲô



ȴܿ˽
ϴδعԴġ
عһ֣̫࣬Ķ죬ֵİ֣ͷɢסعߵǰʺ

ܿعͱˡ
ɴӵʹֻܿĴŸˣ໹վˣƺǷ̵Ĺˡ
밲ū澵ʧְ

عŽô£ԭǲͼıʺ֮ӣ㽫˾ʣ˭֪ѿ˵ǻطѣ˾ܵˡ
عĽͺʵ⣬ûҲֻ֪֪һһ

֪ˣ²Թǣ´νЩٷˡ
л

عˣٿ߳ȥʱͷǱɴһۣĵʲô£˾ʹҴҳȥˡ

ߺҲû˵ʲôֻ˵˯һ
˾ʮֶ̧ʮֳŸռ˵㣬Ҳ˵ʲôﲻĵĻͷ˯ˡ

ʱ˯ѣ˾˵ϡࡣ
̫ҽʱǲʳϡ࣬ܲ˳θ

˵࣬˵ֻһ˵
Եú𣬺һС룬˿оˡ

㣬Ÿҽ֮ǰ˯
ԭͽ˾ûãʵ۾ּ⣬ٹܣٺһ꣬㡣

ʱ˵С
ŪɫߣӣȴֲҶ˵岻ãӲˡ

Ҳ֪ôģôһ˶ûˣٹף¾Ź˷

֪ˣȥ˻
ޱ飬˸Ҷ˵ʲô



ܿˣ֪ıҲϸ
Ŀǰµƽ˽һתʥϿҪöĵز֮£кܶవиӹĴѾʼԶܶԶ֮

ƽ򷽼أǾͲܹܣ
Ҹտʼ߶ƺ֪ζֲ˺ãͿʼţ˵Ҫӡ

ЦһӣǶòᣬ񷽹ѱֲˣֻʣ˹¼ҹˣ¶ľ֧ˡ

Щݣֶ֧ģҲְ֧˻ӵģְ֧˻ӵķԽˣȻҲἱ߳ⲽ塣

㿴ŵЦ⣺ѵ˵ô໰˵Ǽ٣밲οҵ档ûôʵ´һʼҾûԼ⵹

ҪҪʵӣУҲռһķ
˵滹иҡ

ս˺Щӵܺ;иȨ̸ڣҲһŲ
ѫҴ̫ӣ˵л棬ǰʺǰ̫Ѿˣʵ۲Ϊ˳λӣ

۾ﷺһ⡣
ʵڣҲԽʵ۵ıЩ˽⣬ʧ⡣

Ϊ飿
Ҳǵɣ˴ŵʱ㱨¹ػȨʱҲѪ˳䡣

㺮ĵĲԼ˶٣ĸ̫涫޹Щ˺ġ
ĸ̫ӵŵʱ򣬿뵽ڵľ棿

뵽ʱǸΡ
̫֪жգ뵽Ľ֮ĸʣʵؼɵ֮˵Ƕ֮µĲҾ磬˵ڵĬ֮²ŻᷢһС

ʵ⹬ʱ֮ᷢЩ£
Ҳʵ뵽
ʵڲܺӽʵڹͨ죬ΪеķһڽʵﲻǸӣͨ죬ܣѵͲԤһУ

ʵ֮ǰܴǰŸһϷɣ
ĬȻòŵʲô¶ûбҪ

ŵۺ͵ǣЦˡ
ҵȻ֪ڲĶĶôһ࣬ùȥĴĿڣͿܲܵסˣѼȥ͵ſϷɡ




138.  Сʺʮˣ   

136

ʺѵϢ, Ҳ˵ڶˡ
Ȼûֹؿڣǳڹ, ǳ̽Ϣ, Ķ

һߣ˵, Ѿǵڶգ֫, ȻԼ, Ժ, ʡ

Ժǰ, 㼸⣬΢źҩĶ̫, о֫ʵ£Ǳ˾硣

˾, ǿκã
˾ʲô˼
㻹û˵鼸, Ҳ˲ùز, һһ˳

΢ﱻ֫岢û֪, ֻԳٻ, ǲġ, ΢ȻȥῪҩ, Ȱҩ, ַ֫ͨ磬ҩ֭ԡغܿܺ

֮Ժ˳ȥ, ֮һͬĻŪˣǴкܶҪԺֻЩ治˵
㣬㷴Ӧ˱ֳˣ֪ǸϲǸñ

һ鼸ˣɫϴЦ˵̫ҽ˵ⲻҪǡ
㵹ûǣأ

˯һˡ
ǱѵģͿվڴǰȡ

ԺһװַͨﲻҪǣԺ˵ⲻֻҪ˵ȥָܻܿ
ʧЦҵǲǣ㿴һû˵ʲôһǡ

죬û˵ֻר־ȡ
Ҳ˵ˡ

ʶȣᣬʱ̹ע飬ϰȣŻء
ԺҵַͨΪҪЩ΢üģ͵

ѹſҪɤӵ/֪û£һܵס
Ǿʹ͸ңҷ

˵ô˵֮ȴ㱻ˡ
ؼζΪܣ˵ʹҲڣ֫ԳͣʵʹЩоٶ۵ġθĦķʽ֮ǰĽȻͬ˵ǰСС֣ǾǶˡ

ʱֻȦСȶϣŻ¶󻬣һһ£Ѷ۵״
оģ;һ۵ȴ־òڣ̲סֻһߺ/ţһɪ㡣

ͣ£̫ˡ
Щһ̣Ժ˵ͨá

ҲĥʹɪģҲܣؼ̫ҽķԸֲҲֻץĽײ㡣

˾޵жֲҽ
Ȧͨ죬֮ǰﵣǣұֳ⵽ܵʲô
ŪҲˣ˶һۣĬĬȥŲ󴳽

̫ˣ顣
;Ͷˣоͨ

ǲ̫ҽ˵ʲôŬԼתעǲҲˣ
ϳһ㺹ᣬҲ˵ֻǶʱһӾܺá

νĽҩҲܡ
ɵΪЧ˳ʱų棬ǲôֱӷãӦòЩ֢״

˵׻ܣΪֹԼӣ˾ءˣûܰ⵹Ҳ֪ʱ᲻ڡ
֪ԼǲڵģһΣɻѡôȥ

Ҳҿ̫ҽԺбˣ֪֢״Ρʵ룬ǱƸ۵ĿģԼĴ㣬ûֻǶʱû취ж磬Ҳǲеҡ

ū澿ҪԽˣͻȻ
ţ㱾ҧǿ̣ͻȻô˵ҲЩԺ

ĦСȣдȣϵľͨġ
е죬Ϊƹⲻԣټʹ˲ٺǿŲԡ
ΪȰСȣ󰴴ȣ̫ҽ̵ַ

ĳвܼˣȰĦҪӴȸʼģĦСһһţѾ˳ͨ
ֿ/ȣ뽫һȶ¶

ûʲôɿִȴǿ򶨡Գ޴ģҲЩˡ
ͬʱƴȸʱ

һʪ͸ˣġ
Ҳͬʱͨ죬˫Ŀˮģ۵ģֺǡ

ˮԡһȥʰ¡Ųæ仰˾ͷƵľˡ
˾ŪѶʪˣҲûж룬ӦǾæ˽ȥ

޵ԡͬʱҲԡ
̫ܻ࣬ʺ̧Щˮԡѡ

ƵˮԡͰһˡ
ϵļϵȵİƽʱñеڷʱںѶ£ûˮС

Уֻ
ȻһˮȴͷˮС
ãˮ

.

ԺȥǬ幬ʵˡ
΢ȥ˼ҩԡɾ컺֫Գٻ֢״
аκûʺûʺָ

ȻԼóԺŵģǶʵ֣Ҳԭشĳ֮ʱҲἬֳ
ֻҪ΢˵֮ÿհĦͨ磬ÿԡһΣ֮ڱκԳٻ֢֮

áʵ˼̣ȪйȪг֮ⷦЧûʺȥȪйĵ죬ȥһˣ׼óܺͻʺӦõһӦ֮Щūǵˡ
һ㶣Ӧǡ

ʵǰĻûʲôģһ䡣˵⣬Ҳֻ棬ҲΪ̺ʵô꣬һֱʥ׵ԭڡ
Ҵȥˡ

.

ʺҪȥȪй£ڹ𶯡
־ƣ㣬ǱţƫƫʱʺֱȥȪй塣

ǻʺ˱ٹ¶Σ
в²ɼŹﰲŻʺƣҲʵڲʧ豻ģ

ѵͽ
˽ô²⣬ⶼûӰĳУγй׼գ⻹ǽϴ߳ġ

ȵеգʺ̱ƲС˻Ƿﳵʺ⣬滹ʮ󳵣ϳͬȥĹˣǻʺһӦ

Ȫйλ뾩ԶСɽطǰǻʼйڣ˴ֽ˼ڵ¥ûʡƻֲֺ꣬ʧ
йΪǰ֣ǰǻʵƽʱ󳼡֮أǹ棬֮ѩãΪʺй֮أס

ȪйֻлʺһλڣҲˡ
˾յϢҪȪй磬ʱй羰续ľҲʱɨȥ˷ա
ûиĴŮֻ˾ͱ٣Ҫ˿ţһͬˡ

סͷһգȪ
ѩõȪһ⣬һڡ
⴦ѩõĶϽǣԸʵɽʯ࣬ԸⲿߣһǺ͵ʯףͨȪһѩõһأҲɽʯⲿɽʯ⴦ɽʯҪͰö࣬¶ˮ治ߡ

Ǳ񱧹ñٺ˾
Դ㻼֫Գٻ֢֮ĴֱҲŮӵСԶӣ̫࣬ȻҲûŮܲ׵ļɻ䡣
ÿҪ㰴ã˵Ȼͬӣ߷̵˶ûʲô쳣Ҳ쳣Ҳֻ֮䣬ʹദ⡣

Ժصˮָ·ӣ˵Ȫԡ°빦֮Ч￵ֿǰЩˡ

˵⼸Ψһñٵ˿ĵ£־ĲתˡЩ䲻˵֪ΪԼʹ㱻˶֣Ҳ˵ֻϵءؿ⼸Ѿͷ

صˮģôԡ
˵ԺзӣԺˣվϡһԺҲһͬˣרŸ塣




139.  Сʺʮţ   ̫ࣿ

137

ԺķӾǴбٳһС, רŸ
ͬʱˮʯͷһ԰븡ˮΣ߶ҪˮУͷĲȴ¶ˮ֮⡣

εĲרżϵ, ÿԡҪʱ, мҪַиط, ҲһЩ

ظĽϺˡ
Լ׼, պýѩȪˮڴѽˮ, ٰѳˮ, ԳΪһȻԡͰ, ȴ־߱Ȫ֮Чð˰Ѳҩ֭ˮҨ, ѽˮˮ򿪣Ȫ»ָͨ

ôҲΪ˷ֹԡõҩ֭ȪȾϾټȪйõһȪۡ

һ㴩, ѺܱλͨĲ, λֻһ㱡ɴ
ܸڵһ, ֲͨ硣
˾, Ѹ, ɻδµ, ֪Ĵʵʲô, ʱ򻹻á

ʱ, ıЩֵֹģҲû˵ʲô
ǰľټ⼸κ쳣, ̬һ㲻ɵ֪İʵ֪ҲЩڵֻһ̫̫̺࣬Ҳûе£ʵڲö룬ҲֻܰЩ롯ĵס

ʵЩӣÿ룬ȴѹֶ룬жิӡ

һ˲ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊλ£ٴηӦʱѾˮУֱ㣬÷ڳеϡ



˺üɵòܡ
ˮ£ջ֣Ҳһ

Ǵѵģһ¿㣬ˮ֮ͱЩ͸
ˮΪ˴ҩ֭ǳɫ°ɫЩ͸Ĳϣܿ±ǲ㼡
һֱ֪񵥱ʱŷļʵܽʵһ㼡ڽϣǱʱڵðһ޷֮

æŲߣ״
ھеûзʵҲûõĶȥ

ǳɫģշѿôۡķɫӰף˾峣ѣʲôɫ˾
ɴʱҪĲʲôɫǲʲôɫɴ״ӣˮ󶼻͸

һͨ޷ᱡˮ󼸺ȫ/״̬

˶Ϣˡ
޷Ժ״̬ǿ촭ʶ˿ѹ

ô
סȽһӦˮ²ſɿʼ
ʵ˵ʲôԼ֪ЩԱҴҺҲû˵ʲô

ڤڤУ¶ƺ
ϳһ㱡ĲҲһϸϸܵĺ顣е죬һִ͸ĺΣϵȵ֬չ⣬͸һѤıϼ

ҪȶãЩˡ
ʵҲûݹȪ˾屧ٷ̵ʱȫûָоݾ˲Żȡ
һû˵ʲôһֱˮµֿ׼׼˷λ

ܰһ͸¶ζİ
ֻʱˮ

㰴Ħһ㶼ǴӼ羱ʼģʱøȼ羱λֱۣûѾʶˡ
ջû

صξȻۣɣȫûÿαػֵۡ顢
ú֣һ¡
ôˣ
Ȫá񲢲ķӦΪ֮ǰԺ˵

֪ȪãҲųˣ˶ҲҲеʮ˳
ǰΪÿζۣܻʶɪܣ޷ɣҪ໨һʱɺ󣬲ܽеεͨ硣

ֱֻ۰꣬ʱ䣬ˮߵߣ˲ˮ
ˮװһСƴĲƺҤĴʵɫŹԡ

ˮֻͷͿԺ׵ҧס죬ȵˮ
ȵøҲݾȪʵЩʡеˮܿͺˣЩᣬ죬Ż

ûзָһֱˮĶȻҲûĶ
ӹõȥ£ŵͬʱָʶ˴죬ӦԼľٶһ·Ƶæջ֣Աһ๾˼ˮ

ΪȵЩͣˮ˳ĲѶ¡
ˮµģɻ̵ϣȴһʵ⡣

ѾЩ˯ˣоػߣָоֻϤĴƸϡ
ʶһ£ƺùȻһΡ



ɫһʰ쵡
ʵξʰ쵣ʲôҲûֻԼ֪ԼǸһ

ܣʵǻʺǸ̺̫ࡣƺ˷ޣͺǰĥ໥´档
´ȻˮɣúҲ⡣

ԺУо˰Ӱ壬Ϊº塣
ʵ֮ǰǰ񾭳£Ҳûʲôòģʶͻľӣĥ˼£ۼ˯

ֱʵ˾ͱٵ˵һͻȻˡ
֮ԼȲ࣬סˡ

.

ͻȻˡ
Ҳû˯ˣͿϣ˾ͱ˵
˵öЩлǱ˾˵żһ䣬һʱ䡣

һ磬ûг֡
ŵʱûڴõġ
ʵϰߣûڴŵϰߣȲѡԴѺ״̬ҲˣƽʱŶȥ䣬ãϿܳԵĸɫʽŵļơ

ɽΪû˾ͱٵһֻڴá
˵㣬һࡣ

԰գ˯ˣϰһ顣
ʲô鶼УֻҪģܺܿ˯ţɽҲûˣеˡ

ͬʱҲеġ˷ܸС
廹ǸδµĻƻŮǰǣ˵Ĺ뷿֮һֱͦ졣

ô֮ǰȵĶʲô
Ҳѵһ˲䣬ʶʲôԡ
̫࣡
ĴΣͲ̫࣬Ǹ̫ࣿ

һϣ㶼û˯̤ʵԴºʧߵ״̬ͲڣȻ˲ţÿ˯ú㣬ȴʧˡ
ڶۿһƬࡣ
˾ǲ磬˵ҪȥԺ˵Լû²ֹ

Ҳˣ֪ΪοۿµɫĪе顣
㶢ܰԹ

ðţˣֻһ˾ͱҲϰ˵˵Ҳûʲô
ЩҶϰÿ

ûǺȳܿūżвʣȥ˯ˡû۾ȥ㣬ģôô飬ǡ
ҹ̫ҽ𣿡

ʲôǸоЩۣһ˯ͷˡ
Ŷԭ̺̺˰ɣĿġ

ȴЩ
ǣū澲ǡ

ʲôʱܰһžԳū澵ϰ߸ˣʲôʱܻˡȴʲôҲûֳ
ȻǾˣʲô
ūûţūֻǡһʱ֮ʵҲڣæūͻȻҪȥԺиˡ

Ȼ˱ˡ
ˣ




140.  Сʺʮ   йڶ

138

ʱ, ˾һֱû֡
еˣ˾弸Ůٻֲ˵, ǱٺҲͰ, бĲ£˾壿

ʱ١
ٵ˵Ҫū澺˾尴ַ, ˾ȥˣ˾ѧ, ūȥѧ

ڽ, ˡ
ȥ
, ôˣٻеɻ

ȻͻȻ˵Ҫ˾尴ַ, ҲúͻȻ˵Ҳ, ѧˣͿ԰ﰴͨ硣
Ϊжֱ, һֱĻΣΪʲô, ˵ٺò, Ȼܾ

Ͳô, й, ڶ
ʲô, ǾͲ˵ˡ

ȥˡ

ȥ, ŭڡ
Ҳ֪Լʲô, ǻðɵģɵ󣬼һµģ, ˡ

ȱȥװʵ˵ڽ˾ͱַٰ
һ£ָܿȷʵ£ҽҲԷԼ³鲻ᵢơ

ô˵Ǵ뿪ı߾ˣ
˵һ㶡

ɸӦĻᣬֵҲǣľܣһʧƵĻʺֱ쵽й֪ʱܻعȥ߷̵б뷨Ҳ


̾˿Ŀԣȴǿ
б뷨ҲԹ㣬֮ǰ㲻˵ˣȥ˾ࣿ
˾ȷʵǸõطܱ乬ǿֱ˵ѵһһ㲻ɣ

˵ƺװȥˣͷ
ǳ׻ˡ

ūû뿪ȷʵдȥ˾࣬ҲֻǴ㣬ҲֻҶˣȻȥ˾࡭

˵˵ȥҵǰ̣ʧ豻˾඼ȥˡ㶶żȰĻƽаʵģ·װģΪ˲˵ġ

ūûС
У

ūûУҽͣ
񼱵࣬޴룬ǰݣٻ㣬ɼҲ漱ˡ

㻹ǲģûΪͻȻҪ˾ͱַٰ˵ûǿ׼ߵĴ㣬ͱƭˣ

ûСƺҲϴĸо
ûΪ˵ʲô鲻գʲô·ֲʱ̺ң

ƿԡ
֮ǰѾ׼֮ǰ˵ǶˣҲ׼϶ҪԼ
һ̣ƿԡ

֪˵ʲôѵ˵Լ±¶Լ˵ܣ˵ԼķӦʵ̫ôȥˣı䣿
ȻȷʵûзʲôԤôȥҪ̤ٲ
һٲٲˣܡ

ôôĺãӦǸڱ֮ϣ˼主䷱Щ۵ġ谭ģôڣ͸Զǣǰţ龫ǣ˹ĶǣӦʲôʲô
ģͺá

һУҲһУֻҪٸһЩʱ䡭Ψû㵽Լ
öôãôܣ˲еġ˵뷨ʵһкγҲݣΪľõһУȴԽԽֻš

־ġӵ̬˵
һжǾ֪ܵܣ¿ͷ࣬ʮ˲Ҳ˵

ū澴ˣ𷣣ūûҪ뿪ûҪ

ͨһ
ԴߺӲҲûˣһǵСǳЦѡԼ¡

Ƴ
ǲ죬ǳԾۣ

ûкһľͰˣһʱʮܣʲôƵģ
ľͰˣҲ֪ʱٱȥˣȻʵ䷴

ǰĬһػû˵Ǹ֣ȴһֱжԹ޻ڡ
ǰİˣֽ˻ȫȻû˼䡣

ԺֻôıԼĴôЩˣô
ߣ̧۾Ϳɿġ

һŷֺԼǰĻһǵǾǰôûȥǵһôȥ
δǵδ

һʱ֮䣬ãȻˡ

ȻûǾˣֲֲˣα̬óЩŤҲûˡ

æվ
˻Сûͺá

ȻͲҪԼĲƸˣ׵ӡ
ЦúΣūٲˡ

ôūū澵ģ
Ժٲˡ
˵ٲᣬôǲסǲű㣬ͲѱĻ㡭

ߴߴ˵ŻƺֻصûûǵӣڼΪټҲֻ׽ǰŻ

֪ǰԼ׽ˡ
Ϊˣϲֲ

ȴԸ⿴ӣһӶ塣
뵽һӣ뵽˵ʧ豻ز˹ü

.

Ȫйͬʱȴƽ
ռŮ֮£ڳҰһˡ

ʱȥԽĥ͸ƺһ֮ǰܵĴ󳼶ʼ̬ȡ
֮󷽼ҵġӡðйעһеǻȻƺӡ֤ˡƺûˡûŷҶˣ

ҲĶ˽ԱܣȻϻûóʲôۣƺܶ˼Ҷ֪οҪ⡣

Դȥұ˵⣬ͷˡ
ڸɱūʹӣҶܵǶһĻԣ˵ڴ飬ÿճеӿܶѳɽ֪ŵİѱ

£ȴĳƣÿ춼ȵ࣬ڸ˻ӡҡ
Դǣ˴ĿģȰ֮ãֻ֮֮
ĶǴý㣬Щ뿪ԽԽ࣬ǰԻſΪƣȴߵûʣˡ

գŮ˽֮
Ůɫﱾңֶܸˣ͢ѫй̶԰Ů档
˵ǸŮ棬ʵǹãΪ/

ЩƮҡ²ûдıǰ̵ĶˣЩŮȻҲԶഺ˰лǹ͵͵˽ӡ
˺üΪţҲûע⵽ǸֵС檺͸˽ͨ͵ܡ
Ҳǵùǡɱײˣܲ࣬˽ӵĸŮ涼ǣ˳

ŭ
֮ǰ˽ӵѾܵˣҲ֪ȥĶң֮ǰܵҲǰץһԶͳ˵

Ը񱾾Ͱ豩壬û뵽Ȼ˸ҸԼñӣűӽ˸˵ѪʵֳۣСĿ޺
ȥι͸ˣ˶˲ܳԺӣ




141.  Сʺʮһ   

139

⻰, ˦ˣһ
˽˼ֻȮǼΪ谮, ƽʱι, Ҳʮ׶񣬼˾ǰҧ, רι⼸ֻˣԽ
ֻʣһĻι

үȻ, ǰ͹ȥ, ѵԶֲ, רιкö, Сүιһ˵ͬʱǱ߿޵̱ڵصŮʹʹɫ

Ե, Ů˵ҲûɹԼùŮȴóˣ⻹ͷһ⡣̺Ů, òȻȺ˿һӶĺûᡣ

һᵽŮ, һʱ
˻Ըɫ, , ֳȥֻʣһ, ⼸ЦųŮȥ

ԺƮŲ, ԺλƫǴ, Ҳ˲ɵǰ, һѵ˲١
һʱԺֵ÷˶

, ʹֻáˡһƺʲôײǽϣ˵ɨˣ˵ô졣

ʱиʹӴҴܽΪܵüٵſڱһ£ˤ˸ʺ
ˣˣˡ

.

Ƶ
Ӷ࣬״¼Ȼ飬Ȼٲʵǰڻûжʲô̬ʱסȻܽʲôҪʶҪ¹Աš

ҲǴɣǴ¹Աţɽź󣬸ӭ˵ľǸСˡµ˻ΪǶѿǰҲûй˭˼ǻӣίҲܡ

ɽٲȻѰʱͬպܹ죬һ·żˡò˵ĶĶӣʲô˶ȥˣ±͸ɵ֮£ȻΡ
˽סһǴµŵûɢ

ʲôҲԸ˵ɴ˶࣬Ա⣬жʮۣ˶٣Ȼ˶ģһ˾ͱƫǴ
˻û߽
һײ˸š

ʱͲϸԱֻ˷ס˹ģȳϱʰɾײǽŮʬҲ˲ѣԱû͵
һʲֻʣһȥιҲǣˡ
죡ϧ˸ϹȥѾˣʬҲƲ

ֱţ

ʱɵʻģȻһѰˣѰ˼ֵ˵£㶼ˣͷˣûĳ˱ԼĿģҪôԸ
ʵ£ڲҲûֲ̫Ҳ̫ˣ˲ýҲýΪѣ罻ٳ¶֪ġǴͷľԴ̲Ӳԡ͸ȥ졣

˾˴ةҡ
һԸֳӲӲԣֻ볯ΪҲжʮˣڻǸƷĴةò˵׵˵Ըкܴϵ

ĹԱڶ࣬ɹؼ˴Ӳܻ¸ֻһޣиŮͼˣڰ֮꣬סĻһƷӣͽıڣ磬˭Ӷֱéʯͷ˾Զ֮Ҳû취

¾ײƵģӲݵŭյͨ죬ȥѺȵĶ˳

ƲŸѣֳô£˴ðҲˣɻǲ˸Ůơ
ˬ죬ͻȻðƥ򣬻׷Ƿˡ

Կûвϵģͳˡ
Ҳû˵ģֳһݿڹöǩֻѺ

ӡȥˣͻȻһ紵˸飬ҲˣʱѾˣҳڹڻУʹ˼ˡ

ʱ⣬һűץ˸УЩˣڻµ˹ǸԺء
ͨ۶£ܹҲôµ˴

˵ǾˣҲֻһ˲ת벻ˣҲˣΡ
ɽķչȫ˶

.

ֵңŮӡ
񲻿ɱ֪µ˶

һȥ󣬾Ͱ֤֤ϣд˷ݵӣһȥ
ͬʱΪµ˴ӶƣֻҪ۲Ϲ˶ǳʲôˡ

дҲ粻¾ʹ˴ǡ
ҲͰգڶһ磬ǲҵļȥϸŰɱŮӡ

ִˡ
ʵִˣֻ˵Ҽ˵ͻȻϸ棬ֽһ¸/²ǵ˶֪ˣ̲ڸ˶š

黹û꣬磬ǲҲȥ˴£ͬǸŰɱ
һ޲졣
ⰸӱ;ף˵ŰʿԣļҲϸˣȥºԩ

̷֪һߣۡ
Ҳ˵ɷץ˽ͨɵɷǰǵ׽飬׽׽˫

ѵ˵ⰸ飿
ΣֵزܶԩǼԩŮ˽ͨǼ˽ͨѾִˣҲƺִ

ЩӺܿͿˡ
Ȼûеڹ󣬵ⰸӹעʵҲûʲô

󣬾Ϣ
ԭҸû˽ͨǳܶŹʵܲˣ͵͵ܡ

Ǳˣڼҵһλ磬ҲżȻ֮²֪ڼҴ羹Ȼ
ʵҲССҵ޸С檣ʵҲĸԸģΪȡΣҲҳͷֻܿŮ͡
С檵ҲԼ¶˿ڷ磬˵Ѿ뵽ˣʲô취ȴû˵

ҵĹǣԼΪ˶˽ͨС檲Ǳˣ⻧˼ھӼҵŮСʶ֮ÿ
һЩҲ֪͸¶˵ŹҺ֪ڼҵӾͱúܲңʵ˲̣跨Ůӡ

ļֻ֪ЩȰҪ£ССǵƽʱﴫҲˣ¿ɲֻ˵֪ˣ˭֪Ȼᷢչ

һգǼ·ƽ
ʵǲ·ƽ˻治ֻĶŰɱ֮½ΣʥϿɻᴦá
˵ӷͬɴҶ֪ⲻǸЦûЩ׹֮ūСаŮҲû˭ܵΡ

¶ʮһգ䵱ʮ״ۣ飬ʵΪˣȦԭ
Ϣһ˽ǳޣӷͬ

һϵǷ㣬ǶϣνǴشӵ̫֮£Ҳʵ鴦һϵе£ʱûġ




142.  Сʺʮ   ؾ

140

ڶֵ֮÷з֮, ȪйҲڸ˵¡

еΣҲ˵֮ǰܵǼŮôûץƫƫץҺ, ѵ治֪ɱ, ֺŵֶδˣ
ҾôڼҵС檣ڼҴƫɾ, ڼҴ绹֪ǲҪС˽ӣ

һһð, ʵͬʱһڳԡ
ν, ʵ̺, ˺춹, еƤⶳȴ, ˣŮӡΪ̵ʱʣҲ, ϲԡ

⼸գץ֮ǰҪ뿪², ûĴҺóԺúȵֺ
㰮, ҲֺԼ, Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡˡȴû, һ, ϲߡ޴, Ȼŷ˵ûҶֺ

⼸Ȥ
ʵһ, ҲӦˣԸ۸ֻ˵һԸһԸɡ

ⲻ, ˵лַˣʮһ⣬ռס죬ְѶϵ¸ġ

ȻûôɣӦ˹ľ֡һӣմ˺춹飬ɾ˵
ô˵¡

ʶƶԵɺȥէżֲ濴أö֮Ͷ˼С檵ʱҲȷʵĸԸǱ׸˶ɫ˽֪вǸ˵õʶ

Ҳ̫ࡣ
ǻƭŮӣʲôŵҲǶԸ壬óܣ˱˽飬ּ˴ѣǰܷ⣬˺ܱ֤⣬кŮβ

ôԼ˽ӣ˽ʱûˣԺִô죬Ǽý㣬˽֮ģ˭Ҳ֪·˼ϴ£ָ㣬ǱҲΪ˼Ժֿ֮Ƽ򵥣ȥҲ֣ɢý㣬Ʋ侮ʯЩѰ¡

ԵĸͱЩҲô侮ʯżҵģͻȻðһ䡣

˳Ʋһţ˭Ըһأ
Щˣӳ֪ơ衮ơͶ׸ơʼҵ˻һӣơͷת˭Сơ˭ʧơʧƵ˱侮ʯΪѹȥһˣʹԼĻ󡢸ࡣ
ССĽƲ֮ͣΪ֮οȨơ

ԣôôЩ£ͷ·Ƶģ˵ʵѵ˵ǰ˾ǣ˵ǻȥƣʵǲͽȥˣ

.

ò˵ˡ
ͽȥĲ񣬶Ƕżҡ
ôõıᣬżҲܻŹ
ĸɲˣҲ̫ۣǰ̫˶ţƣŴϢ˳ӶһѲʲô¡

ʵ֮Իᵹô죬ΪʧˡơҲǴơ侮ʯһѵ֣Щơеһɡ
һСɼܳΪһɺԳκˡ뵱żұѹʵҲͬһֻǱΪ˾֡

û˼
ĽͣպġҲˣ㽫һؿϵ

ڣҩԡϣ㽥Ҳ࣬Ȼ·ѾԼתûʲôˣСҲԵԲɫһ֮ǰή̬֮

Ҫģô˵û˼ˣЦ
ûʲô˼˵ܵΪλݲ
֪ʱ𣬿Ȫй󣬽ʵͳλƺ˭ףҪ˵ԽҲ㲻ϣǶеʧ˾⡣

۾Ҳûʲô˭ܸܵ
һĪ
ȴϡܶƺǶϻȨһֿߣһȴòӵķС
ףҲܸͬܣȴû취ʲôΪҲ֮еһԱˡ

ʵиϢûü˵
ת

ҪؾˣϢǹģĿǰ滹ûʲô֪վҪˡ

һӵȴڰв¶ʹ֮ɫֵȥҲûæվȥ֮ɫ

ۣ
ûôôͻȻˣ
ڻûȬôҵĶ

㽹̬֮Թ˿ŵͣ˼Ů֮ദ
ʵ㲻ǲһҲôһ£ֹҲ۾ȴ
ųţʶˡ
۾ôЦ⡣

·Ƶջ֣æȴһ̱һȵסȥ·ֻܰǶö
ɤӣ״ôˣ˵˵𼤶

Ŷ䣬ǡ
Ҳ˵ˡ
һ̧ۣȣˣ׷һֱ׷һƨڵϣšۡһЦ˳

ҪׯЩǱƼε
˭ƼѽͱסˡʵЩˣҲʿɶֹæ⹫ܻؾǺ£Ҳ֪˼ˡˣ˵⹫ôͻȻؾˣǲΪ

ʣµĻû˵Ҳ
ɫӵص˵ͷ
ıһӱ˵Ǹ˻ǳ

ǲˣһͻȻ
ԥ£ƺ˵ʲôû˵
ҡҡ֣ˣ㲻˵Ҷ¶ǻʶ

ʵ۶ж֮ţŹ˷ûдöԷֻǽ㣬תͷ͵Ȫйƺʮ壬ȴַ˶⹫Ҫؾˡ
һƸ棬Լ©磬ǽʵۡ
ǡǡԽףԽǾÿЦ

⹫ˣҪȥ

.

ؾϢû֪
ǹգ˽ȥлű֪
Ϣһ˲֣ɾ˵Ƕ˱߹أű׼ؾġ

ͣ
һ˵ʲôˡ

ֻǰŶϣŶͻؾˣٲȻЩƵ̫ްˣȥ߹һء
˭Ҳ˵ʲôϾû֤ǣҲ׳ƵֻᣬʲôǾͼʼˡ

ʲôȱΨǲȱ˾
һʱ䣬йԼƺֽżҽƵ˷ͷ˼֮

һжûֹǰȥ̽
˻ߣ
Ǿ̧ģ

ûо˵ʺйûеõּ⣬ܲ뿪й
Ȼû˵ܣǾܣû˵ҪõĻʺǰȥ̽ز棬˭˭˵֣

ʵסйЩӣĹ˺͹»¹ٲûֹʺǲʧˣԽ֮ӵйˣ

һλ⣬̫ͻʵ۲ڵĵط󣻶ԴסйûκԴǣȴûǹλÿϰһµģﶼЩ

ǻʺķԼһЩĹƷͲӵҩ֮ġǵûбЩˡ
һ£̫󣬻йͶ

Σ˭ָ棿
ʮ˳˻ؾĳĿụֻ̂װУ赹Ǵ˺ܶࡣ
йĽⱣһ˾㶼Ѱһͬȥ

һϣٵʱŵ
ĿûţǴӺŽȥġ

˹ֱӽԼ͵סԺӡ
ϵΪزϣСΪû취̧߱ģ˫Ŀϣ㶼ۡ




143.  Сʺʮ   ΨңΨ⡭

141

˭, ׵඼Ҫһ֮أȻʺ̫⣬Ƕ
, ĸ⹫һҪڶ˵, Ůߵ磬˸ôСŮ, ɳҲСŮ, ᲻ز, ۵ò֪ô, ϡǵСʱ⹫Լϰ, ϧӹǲ

⹫
ɵ˶ȥֻԡ

ɳϽ, һʱ˲һʱģȥЩӵؿŮ, ˵ʲôֹվ˵, ԥ˰һ䡣
, ס, ¶Ծ

ܶڱ߹, ȴѶԾԹ﷢ָ, Ҳ֪Ĵ, żԼĴ, ֪ԼΪܻŻ˵仰

ȴǸпǧһ⹫, ԹԹ
һսɱֻΪĸ֡ҵ˼޵ģսϣȥս·ϡ
һ龫ǣΪεϴȴõɵΪνĵ֮Ҳϸɳ

ǰһڱ߹صģһûĸı䣬ûֶԸû˽ʵ۵ľҲ»ݡ
ʱ⹫ɻ˵һԹ
ЩʲڣҲʳڣֻܲ˲ᣬͷʾԼ

ʵҲԺ⹫Ժйһˡ
γŮŲΪ˵նҲ֪˵Щʲô

Ժܿͱнˡ
Ϊ̫ҽԺԺΪʺӣʺΪҲ˵ʲôʵǸȥȪй֮ǰΪ̫ҽҲȻ

Ĳ˵Ҳأ˵Ҳأ֮ͣ߹ؿຮûкõĴԼϺҩβȻѾؾˣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽΪ俴ϺõҩĳãҲǲܱסһ

ֻԺپóͶ٣Ҳ˵Ժ󶨹ֻھˣ֮ǰ߹ȴǲܡ
ʵ͵ϵ֮ͣǰҲǴ֮²òǰΪҪڱ߹أ˽ʵۼȻ׼ؾˣҲ˵Ժ󶨹԰ϡ

ҲҪ룬߹ض꣬ǳҶҵھУǲᶯҵġԺȥ󣬶˵

㵱Ȼ֪
ǳң˼ңʵۿܲҪ˷ѾĻѶǲȥ߹أ˵ػأ˵ɵҲ˵ǹ˼ɳڱ߹ؾж꾭Ӫ

ڹҲòֹ¡ôЩΪ˲ܵɵӲֹ֮͢£Ҳﰲߣʼܱ֤֮ҵġҾƫƫ⡣ǳҲֻ򲻻ֵģҵʱ˽Żκ߶ǵöˣôǵϸϸá

Ѿؾ⹫ӹ䲻ˣֻҪһûһĿɽЩ緽֮㲻þ£û̺ŮȻ÷˶¶ҽѵһ棬ѵѵһң

ɫ㲣̸֮ʱ¶â֮ɫѾ뷨
⹫̻ԼǸж

ǳҵĴ֪ģΪ˲ǵ¼ɣ˴ֻھоӪ֮ЩѫȴմմҴӲλ֮£Ҳͻʼ
ҲΪγ꣬ȴûϴԭ
ȴΪҲòʼǷǡ

жͬҲΪ⣬⹫֪жΣȴɽ̡֮ҲŮ̸֮»ҪΪٲȻѾǴҪֻʼǷˡ

˵ܾ֮ԣ˵ڡ
ΪܾٲȻѾôˣ˹ⷬƣǲҲ֣˵Щܾ֮ԷԵ⡣

⹫
ֻܺȦ촽ڶϡʱ۸⹫״ʱ˶ϲĻƿܷ⹫ˣƤһ
ȴʱô뷨˼ͷһʱˡ

Ҫ롣ҲǸпǧķҲʱοһҪ޸ʱѾͳˣҾԤϵ˽졣

˵˶ǶŮծ
֮ھмǳĿżʫ鴫ңи׸˵ҺͶżҽףŵԡɳҴӲڳнύ׸ҽףδнᵳ֮ӡ

ܲסϾϲ࣬ǶΨһĵŮҵŮϡ٣˳谮ǿģ󶨹ֻ

ʱ֮öҲ˵֮꣬Ȣᰣǲǳ˿ضż⣬ضżҵ׳ҡʵףֻǵĸӵڽʱֳ˵ɵģƺÿһÿһƵ·
ΨһֵҵǣȻѹô꣬ûн߹룬Ҳǵһ˿֡

.

һֱصйɼš
˵ʲô£һֱѹͷصƺּ˲١

ԴĴԮһֱáԼǱ˷ˡ˽⵽ż֮Σ֪˱Щǰ֪£ǰŵ⹫ҲؾˣǰֿŤתĵжһص

ǳҡ
⹫ԣֻҪĿɽҪɵһ˭ָٶ

żҶû˴İȫУ
żΣͼΨңΨ⹫ͼȴɱվһߣġ

ҾûϢ⹫֪鲻д󰭣ҾʲôˡԼѾǿˣʵô

˯֮ǰ˵˺ܶ໰ʵ飬˯ģ˭֪̫˷ܣ˵໰
˵˵ţ˾Ϳˣ˯֮ǰ˵ⷬ

˯е۽ϻմ飬Ө÷·¶а˾ġ
һ죬ҲΪĿɽκ˶㡣

գͻȻȪй
ǸʺͶڽĳģ˳ʺʰ

Щӱºǵӣֻǳæ÷ģⲻۼϾǶˣǲūͽ˳Ҳɰá
ǣͱµǣҲ͹ˡ

ڱϣΪҪˣ⻻ҳĺ
ɫЦݣҲˡ

ﰲþͺãɷūܰǴ֮Ҳǹ˵ĸ
˶٣ֵؾ֮£֪֪ﲻõǣ˼ҵʲô󰭣ūȥ̫̽ҽԺҲ̫ҽפܱ˼ҳٰ꣬

գգۣԭ⹫ȻؾˣҾ֪лл֪һϢ
ҲЦЦȥ̽Ҳ޷ֻҪ̫ҽ˵۳Ͷ٣ЩˣЩ۵ĳײֻﻹǲҪôϾطΪˣǱ߻尲̩عء

л㡣١¶м֮ɫ۱١
æǰһɰ
ǵǾܣջˡҲûж˵ǹﻹ£ʹҴ뿪ˡ

ǱߵĹ˵ö˼ڸˣ˾Ҳǵ˾ˣȻһ仰Ƽ䣬ڳĴ඼˼

Щ˼
һǽʵѾ֪ȥˣ⣻ǰģֻҪˣϾͻع

Ҳȫ£һ뿪й𣬶»ع֮ңң
ʵһ˼Ǿ仰
ָǶĲòϱֻٰȻ˵ˣ˵ǽʵ۲޵ظ㣬ɰꡣ
ȻҲǽʵͨ㣬޸֪Ҳ˵

֮Ǻ£ȻҪˣǶˣй¡йŻʺģܺܿҪعˣǹڲᡣ




144.  Сʺʮģ   ʺ֮

142

س̵·, µһֱǸɰ
ڹˣֺɰնˣһ, ֪ͷĶػᡣ

Ȼ, ˺ɰͷǼ۴Сӡ
ɫ, ̺⣬ٲȻֵ, Сһ, ɫ, ﶼ

Ƕż, Ƕ
Ҳҵ֮Ů

ô룬ȴûбֳ, غɰŽǻʵ̺ˣö̫̫ࡣ
֮Իô̾, һϵе£, , Ļع, Ҳߵһˡ

, ϶Ϊ, ǽʵ
˵Щ, ȻҲ֮, ǽʵô˵

ˮתתתȥ治֪תһҡ
ͻȻЦ˵, ǳꥡ

.

ˣ

æЦ첽˹ȥ
ʵ۸ڼӸķ̳ϣɵţūŵܵͷӣߵǰᳵ·ڷ̳¹ϰԵ͵±

ʥϵĻˡ

ʵϣ۵ͷһۡ
ʺΣ
ɫҲǰԲЩ尲̩Զˡ

ʵ΢΢صͷɫѵú㡣
ᣬӦײ͹ȥҩҲûá
΢£ʵԺ˻û
ˡ
л˵



Ժͬһͬؾġ
ҪȽְûؼңȥ̫ҽԺ
һ֮ͬӦֵºȿڲ裬ͱС̫ˡ

һֻͣܶŴͷիߡ԰ʹǼٵģǰ͢͢·ֵ̫ĵʷԼȶȣùڵðûիԺ󺹣ɫ԰ףȽࡣ

һիΧ¶ȶʱ˲٣Ŀ֮
ԭµҲ֪кôƫƫʲô࣬١
˵ǰԺ˻˽ȥ

Ժˣվվ﹫ǰһˡӭһС̫࣬˸ָ
Ժᡣ̫ҽԺԺ˾ӡ̫﹫ǲ࣬﹫֮Ȩұǹ£»Ҫһ֮صġ

ҪҸضЪźڲ裬º﹫˵ҪһС̫ԺĵѶʪˣ˵
Ժ΢һֵǾллˡ

ʱĽʵѾ˸ط
ỵ̂Գ֮ڹ˽իۣΪ佲Ƶҩڳǰȴֻʵ۵ϡ

ïǰҲڽʵ߷̹㣬Եʵ⸱Ӽһ¡
Ȼеӵĺãʲôˣ̫˵˾ǻʵ۵ļūӸū⡯ʱ򣬵ūŵľ͸üּˡ

ïҰְܵЩںͽʵ˵ʱȴЦµģ
ʲô²Ҫ⣬ȻҪʲô

ʵ۵ɫƲϢŭֻҲͷһ˵ǰïʲôɽơ
һκԼģΪҪȥЩ˵Ĳ磬Ȼ²ְģЩ׷վҪ㵽ͷϵġôͱЩʹˣ»Ǳµ£ΪҪŽ̽

ֻҪһ뵽³ïͲ
ֻˣû

ˣȥɡ
ǡï飬˳ȥ

ȥԺн
Ժʱȥݲ裬캬ЦԺ΢΢ͷʾʾơ
μ¡
ɣ޽ûб£ʻʺ塭

ٳȥǰ䣬»ǹʺģǲһ



ɵﲻһأʵҲ˵
˵¶ԻʺŮ֮飬Ǽֱ޻̸֮ʵ۲ǸˣŵųżӣұҲͲɫڽʵ߶꣬ĿȾ컹֪ġ

Ů֮飬ܲ׽ɻʺ֮
ǰܾñ¶Իʺ࿴λСʺǰʺǱ飬Ǳ¿ǰʺķϡ

ʵһֱ춼ñ¶ǰʺһ㣬ǽᷢޣճʱҲһȻűµΪۣۺΪڼҷΪĹΪĿԶˣɻʺվǻʺ˭Խȥġ

ǰʺţ첻ûм˽¼췢޵ģʵԸԣ˭䵭λֶ֮Σ˵̱Ѷû̫һ䵭ģΪ˱ТӶΨǰʺ
ʵ۶ǰʺ⣬˵Ҳ˾ʵǱ¹ѵֻǲǸˡ

ôõġ
֮ǰǼ£ÿÿ첻ϸ롣

¶Իʺ濴أӶԺʻʺĲ飬ͷ˵ʺʧ裬ȥйǶʲôСӴϵ˵Ǿ䶮ʲôЦٲȻһЦģ
˭λøɵһˣЩҪⶼϹ˻ôһ

СӣɶԴһ¡
ⲻҲǾ͸ɵ˵䣬ɲô˵СԴֺõ軹Ƕ˰ɣԶ˽ȥɵ

òСӡ
Цŵס쿪֣ˡ
ߵǰ̧Żûż󣬾һ
˵ͨŮʱգŮӺʱСҪصûʺ塭⣬Ҳҩȵ

һǲŲյڵˡ
˭
һæѸźͷСǰ££Сӱֱŵش˲յ±ëëţѵʰʰһյȥ
꣬˽ȥʵƺѾԺĻˣܿԺ㹧ˡ

˻СͷԵضŲˡ
ʵ۽ӹòƲȥĭһڡ
ҲǣǴ˸յ
СӽӣҲ˵

ЦЦٻˣ˸Ҳ˲ãҪȥģ˭֪ëë붼ˡ
ͷǶԵģʱҲⶼҾ֮ģȻ컵¡ʵۻ벻ˣ£ʦᷣ㡣
лл£ллʦСӸæ¿ͷ

ʵЦ⻬ͷģ֪عٲֹܣл޲Улʦ
ūſڱ׾˵˻
аɣȥɡ˵ţʵֶȥһ˶

ٳʱʦͽһͬȥġ
Сͷԣ֮ɫ
ߵ˵ĵطģһ䶼͸

ʵСû㶮Щʲô˼Ҳ·̫ͻȻڶЩţɼɵ£æͷ֤ɵģӱ֤һֶ˵ζսˡ
˵ͷ˰Сӱ˾ˡ

.

ӶʱѾٽˡ
뿪۽ɨһˡ

Ŀһ룬˹ȥ
£

磬ɵþһȣ
ï




145.  Сʺʮ壩   һҩ

143

ïһɫ
, ô̫Ҳмܴģ, Ҳˡֻ͵, ѵɫҲ඼ǻռɫߵ

Ҳ, ï˾࣬ҪһڴС̫, úͳЩԱǴ򽻵, ȻҪװ, Ȼû˰
Լʮģ, Բͷɴ۽ǽ, ŵࡣֻǱɫ󣬽յմ˼ֻҰ֮ɫŴñļƻҰɫͷ, ԵЩ̻̬֮
Ȼǰɲ, ҲǰŻˡ

ïĽ, ǳÿɾЩԶˡ
껹ǳĽʵ̫, һ, һïˡ, ïЩ, ֻڽʵ߷̾, ʵҲϰˣڽʵ߷һӡ

ïһЩ£ԵȽʵ۵ǻԺ, һȥ˾࣬һڽʵߵܹܴ̫ࡣ
ƽҪ˵컹Ҫï߰뼶ֻҪ϶˾⣬Ҳ˳ֻ˼ɵ˾﹫˻ɵʥߵٹ

ܶʱïҲôΪġ
ʱмƲ죬ۺͱ׽ԼƫƫԼλãֻ˵Էʵ̫ûϢ
ȻɲôΪȻҲǰ

⻰˵ģʲôģЦŵ
⻰˵˶֪ʲô˼
ïɫҰܣĨһͿô̺ڱ±ϵķϣȵܵܣҿǡ

ʵʵʲôҲû
ǡǡʲôûѵïһޣͬǰǰ㣬ʲôҲûïļ¡
̫λӵԸˣԼģʲôأԽ赭дպϾԽͶǻӡ
ֻǸ̫֣࣬׹ⶼܾôȦˣο

ҡҡͷ̾˿ѽ̫ˡ
̫Ļô˼
ūŵģ˵˾ҪۼĿ⣬ʱҲ̫ۼĿˣȻӵֻԼ
㿴ҪҪɲ㿴ģҪˣԼ뷨ܿ͸Щмˣ

ǣҲ̫ࡣ
Ȼˣ˵ïӶ׿ˣȻϴľҪϴѼ컹Ӳ
Ҳ֪޸֮ˣѵʲôͷǾиȡλϣҪ̫ˣҵ̫࣬ҵҲ̫࣬°µҹ˯ţЩ˰̻ʬɱˣ˵ܲԼ·

үڵʱģҸ£үܻңүǲˣ˲ѵһʲôЩĹҲ֪ɱ˲ѪǰѰ·Ҿͳ򣬾ͳλļҲš



ڻʳͷżࡣ
ʱӶţһֱż෽Բ֮ضˣʮͷ۵̫ż·ڣֻƬ徻֮أǶǸﵽ˵ʲô

ï˵ĸ̾
ô˵㣬һӵˣٵʱƫƫ˺Ϳ£
ҲҲǱƵ̫ˣҲ֪ģܵҶˣʵڱƼˣЩ˱ңЩҪҲңܵЩĹ٣ĸҵЩҪڡïͷ

Ҳ֪󣬲Ҳû˵ٻϼһﲻǺһ·߹ϻƣ̫֮
ǵģγҲǵģֻҪïһЩ
Ҳ֪ʲôԸô㣿

ïۼæᣬֵֻϸָ·
ˣʲô׵ģԲģҪ·˵
ïӲû·ҪָҸѵʮĽ飬Ҫұү³

첻˵
ïˣְҲģʼգԺȥػȥֻϸ绹ǵңƿϾȥһңҹ¿꣬

챻Цˡ
һˣôƤģСӣ˻ԣ
Сïڻʱսûãû棬ԼҲһǵʱĳµġ

ЩϻˣûûҲֻʣˣҲ˭ï̾
ˣҲǵڵˣŪò档·ҵûУֻܸѡ

ʲôï˾
Ƭ̵ʵҲûգôһ˵ÿ׾ò׾͵û˵
ϸ˵ʲô׵ģ⹬˭Ҫܵһָ㣬ð̡
ïܶû˵лˣ˵һһ׵ģ춺Цͬʱһۣ˵˼仰

˻棿ï졣
ǰ治˵
˵ţ쵧˵ӣˣŪ̫Сı˿ȥһûȥӻػͲ˵ˡ

ʩʩȻˡ
ïɫòʲôò⡣
˻ת෴ķȥΧŵ̫ˣæһڣСܾˡ

.

ˣȻܺô
йСɽٽܱͨߣɽйԼ󣬻˺ܶϹ߲ˡ
ǹϹļڣֹϹŷѩɽûеģȥͨͨ˺֮յ㣬֮ﾡɻ㼯˵ûеĶܼš

գƤȿĴϡ
ڣθʱҲгƬֻһ꣬ԣһܳС
ɽճڣ˾ʹҴôڳ⺮ϣԺ˵˺ԺҪʳ

ˣǰû˵ͻȻ˵ǰҲûʲô£Ǻúõġ
Ժר˵ˣͻٳЩ
ذ֣⻰Ҳǵ棬˵ԺŮ岻ˣǰûٳԣˮҲۡ˵棬ôⶫճʱ˵ҶôЩӣҲûʲôãͻȻ˵Ǿ͵ˣ˵ǴС֡

ò˵⻰ǿʶȴҲû
ʵ˾ҲԺΪͻȻ£ֻ̫壬ȻԺ˵϶ҪִУЩȫ֪ôӡ
ﻹǶ̫ҽĺá㻹ǲΪȻ̾˿̧̧̣÷ҩˡ

Ҫҩ
ѿҩˮȣȵڿҩ֪ôģеϣҩȡ
ôһҩ

ĹһҩΪҩ㻹Ժ˵ܸܲĳһ룬ʲôҩһ벻ˣ
Ժͬ⣬˵ҩԲܻͬһ
ҩҪȺһ룬ϰӣٺһ롣

Ϊˣҩרʱ䣬ǰͷҪȵµģܺȣǹ̵ģʱ䵽ˣҩҲˣܺȡ
ɽվȻҩᾪ
ūҲ֪˾ЩΪѵҲ֪ҩԺץְģū澵롣

Ϊ³⣬ȪйԺҲΪֻڵʱ򣬲ŻѼҩ½˾ͱ٣ǰҩãһһм©
ʲô룿߽ʵ




146.  Сʺʮ   ع

144

á
һ, 㵱˾񣬡ԺȻּҩ벻, Ҫһ롣Ҳ, Ҳȣҩ, ҲõòˣҩͲ˰ɣ

Ϊܵˣ, Ц, ü, , װµҩôܲȣõǻû, ɱ𹦿һ񡣡
˵ţ˾壺ʲôҩ

ƽʱװҩ룬Ҷ, һƲһģžͦ, ֱӾ׼Ŀꡣ
ūҲ֪, Ժ˵һ˵ǵġ˾ְѷŵĻ˵һ顣

, ü, Ҳû˵ʲô, ֻתͷȥҩ
Ӽ, ҲûǰôԼܲ, ҩ˺壬ͨҲ˺ţ֮Ҫ˺, Ǹ˻
Ҳϰˣᳵ·

һٲĥҩˣζһǣͼ˵Ժҩŵ
˸ףҸ˴ƿʣҩ֭װ

ҲûȥʣԺǿԷĵûʣԽĶҪһʲһ飬˾Ҳϰˡ
ȥԺ

.

ȥʱԺץҩ
סѩõƫټӶãǼ˯˵ģмǼһŵҩȫǸƺõҩģԺƽʱҩҲԺƽʱҽͼ˵ĵط

ˣҲڴֹȴһɲ׼
Ȼ˲񣬵Ϊϸͨ磬ûٺԺ򽻵ԺҲ֪ǻʺĸǲ
㻹һҩٶٲ٣ǰҩߣԺҪʼ׼һٵģȰʱҲúҩˡ

⡣
ԺͷҲûصҩǸӵġ
ЦԺҲ֪Ⱦ˿ҩֵѣּһ롣
ԺͣĶƺʲôǵܼϷ͸ˣʵǼá

ҼǵõԺҩһǶ֢ƣһΪ壬һǵ壿
ǵ壬ǷӲһЧҲһһǡ˵ԺͻȻͣ£Щֹ֮һǲٵģ㻹ǸȰȰЩӣȷ尲ЩҩͶúˡ

û˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ߵʱͣͣŲеĴƿ

.

ʱѾǰˡ
ţ߽˵ȥһˣȥĶˣ
һ䣬˭֪Щ
ôǣ쳣ʵ
ûʲô

Ϊﻹ̵ĹŮҲûжʡ
ðţ˾ͱٷڷ˼Ȧһȥԡѻе̲סˡ
ôˣеֹ֡
ûʲôǳȥһˡ

طɽҰģ뿪СɽûʲộҪǳȥֻȥҪôߣҪôͨߡСɽȻйٵһʱҲǿ⡣
ʵе֡
˵ʲôطֻ֣ܺʵˣȥԺô˵ҩûʲôãȲ˰ɣ󲻹ǵģʵҲá

Ժ˵٣ҩúȡ
˵ͬʱüҲ֮ǰȥǣ˵һ
ҩʲô󰭣ҪŮѪģӲܺȣŮӺΪáһŮӻ̥֮ǰಹѪǺõģ˿Ѫ֢֮ⷽüãϷʲôֽš



㻹ڱԹŲҩ
˼䣬һԲ
Щϡˡ
һʱЩǲԼ̫֣ת־еֵֹģʲô¡
ҲԹȥˣ첻˵ֻǳ
δ˵˼ȰοĻ˾ȥˣȫȻѻҪ¸ˡ

ǲǷʲô£ȥһˣȥĶˣ
˾ͱٶҡͷ
ٳȥһˣƺȥ£ȹ˻Ȼûʲô
ֻ֪ǳȥһˣȥĶȴ֪
ʱҲЩƣˣЪ˰ɡ
һҹ޻

.

ʵ㻹Ū׵ôˣûиᡣ
ƺ쳣ֻĴ
ÿʸһɲǱ⣬ʵ˵ȻټһձһպãѾŶ˵ٹվͻع

ס˼£ҪعˣҲãǱ˾ˣЩ᲻õġ
᲻ãعռһ󹤳̡
ЩҲ¡
з֮ǰһкƺƵ˹

ʵ˵ɽȣʹҲɽõĶȥʹһڡ
ȥݼ̫̫֣һĸĳ滰ջǹǺƺƵݼ
ȻŲöȵոգƷ粻Ժֽ׼ñ˵һĺ˳ź˶ˣȥԡҪñ

ԺֺãԥƬ̣˵˿ñĻרŽ˯Ժñ
ϳҲΪã󲡳ѪŮӣŮǼɺҲԺа


˭
Ժ棬û˵ʲôߺԹԺԽԽظˣǰҲôͻȻôˣ

Թ鱧ԹñС
ɵϱŷʵȵò󣬳ڵŸɽ΢ܸоЩ⣬ֲôı
ʵҪȣ٣ǽֶ࣬챻һɢ˹֮Уһ޴С⼸Ѿкüˡ

ڹ˶Թ⵱ͷʵȥԷ
֪һϢȥ˽ǻ첻ѡ
ܶȣ׼ø죬ƽʱҪ׼죬ˣ̫һĲıԣ˸Ҳȥˡ

ȵԷ绻˷ء
ôȣΪطˮ࣬Ҳƺûôˣ˯ڰҹѡ
ʵסϪסڽ԰̫סǷǣûЩסһ𣬶סڳл

лϪ泯̫Һأľƣһϼѵı֮ء
Χľ¼ãˣڻָڣڹ̫û취߶ÿ춼Ĵɢ
ԺҲڰҩͣˣȴֻҩ˵ǵӵġ

ĵ˸ףװ߹ȥ鿴ȻʲôҲû˵ֻƺæˡ
ÿģûķӦ첻ȥץϺ˱˴̫ҺأҲû˹һһ졣
ȻһЩϢһû©͵ǰ

ȥСɽЩӣͷʢĵ˳ɺʮӣ˳Ѿ޳裬ͻȻѿýʵΣֱһ˵°͡
ڹϢ΢ģ֪ڽ֮ǰ˳ȥǬ幬
ȥʲôû֪˳ǰȥŷ㣬ʺѹˣ²̣»ܲµ˳мʲô

˳Ǵٹģ˶֪Ҳ֪ĸӶΪжд̣˳ɽŻԸʵҲ졣
ʹ㲡Ҫû侮ʯǲŻϡ档




147.  Сʺʮߣ   ȥ˾

145

˳, иͷʢġǾ
ˣ׵壬е޵, Ǹȳӵİ, Ҳˡ

Դһº󣬳鴢֮˥, ˹֮£Ҹȼļ, ڶǰ, Ϊļ󲢲, ־ټ֮Ҳʮַɢ
ռŸ, û۲Ŵԣ޹޹йо, Ҷӹ֮ɼӹҲһģðͲ᷸, ϹھͣЩ

ʵӻǰʵһƽӹĴҲûкô, ƽӹ, ӵĲзء
֧, Ϊֵò, ʵҲûб̬ԴϺ, ʵ۾Ͳϳ, ϳЩֻ꼻һ֡

, ڹͦģӭ֮ȻҲƺ˵Ҫͻʺ, عΣһͬģǰȴޡ
㲻ΪȻͣЩ
Ҳ㿴ˣʵ۲Ϊų⣬ʵ۲Ը⣬ô붼ǰ״Ҳǰʵۼݱٻʱ䣬Щʱ㹻ʵ۰ѸðŵĶźãʲôֻðȵشʺλϿϷͺá

ֹǷǣǲѶΪ֮񶨹ûżҾתڹҲûʲô˸Һˣһ塣
ʲô̫ӣʲôӣĻʺ󣬾͸ʵʵԼλϵ裬κǷǲ
󣬲˭ǻˣǺʵĸ̫󣬶ЩֻðзչԱöżҺͶһȻ⣬ܱȵʱ̫թ뿪ʹҲǲܡ

ͨһУԼδۿɼӺˣҲ˽ǳĴ֡
ɾʱһ£㣬˵ԼҪȥ˾ࡣ

.

ʵӵæòӰȥ˾൱
ԴʵԷ˾͸ŲˣͬʱڸҲŲˡ
ڸŹǽʵµԻԷݡһ൱֧תŦԷС

ȥ˾·ӣߣߵû˳ֻ߽Ӷ˺ܶನۡ
ڻؾ֮ǰѾֿʼˣӦЩѣϾ֮ǰһ˵˭֪ʮ˳һһ벻λá̫ࡣ

˾̫࣬Ʒ˵ֻƷɰ˾ᶽ̫ࡢӡ̫һˣ̫ࡢ̫ˡ
ᶽ̫˾ƹ͢ǡɥ񼰾ڹµӡ̫˾ǰϼ࣬ʡ̫༰Ʊ죬ּ涫˾֡
ʵ˵˾ᶽ̫ӡ̫һֻܹ͢޷볯֮£Ȼӡ̫λȨء̫֮Ȩ̫в֮Ȩ

λᣬƺֻǸȵģҪ֪ȵĺȵҲвһ˾̫еڸˣƷߣѾ൱ڽȨġ
ֻǸȵģ˾˵ݵ£д飬ӻ֮ģ⻹ֲ
Ҫ뿪֮ǰʵѾ˾˺üȵˣ˵Ҳ

Щﲻ׼ֵֻ׼˭֪ȴʲôҲû˵еּɵģ
ˡ
֪ǰڣȥ˾ʵִȻᰵж²̫â͵£ЩݲᡣѾðлᷢչԱȥ˾һĻܾ

ôȥ㷴ˣ
죬ҲǲˣֻЩ졣
üʲôԸȥиǰ̣Ըģֻѽ뿪ߣҪҡǡ

˵úúõĻĩβֱǡǡЩû
Цˣ˵ʲôūǲѵūȥ˾࣬ʹԺٲūˣ

ǽɣǽɣ
ֹţʲôʱҲѧûľˣֹͬʱΪüۼ䲻ǣͿǵֺãĵԡ

˶еһС
Ҳ֪Ӻʱ𣬿ǳǰĪĪ֣ǺǳЩͳҹ
ţֻб˲֪ŵ㣬ʣӰӰ´£̱ð档

ΪƺĬ
ǶĬ鱧ǣˣ׽ˣҲ޷Ĭ

ڴ˿̣ͬʱĽǶȡĻûеֿ㣬Ǹƻĺ꣬ײ¶һ棬ֻбҪʱŻᡣ
ǵͻȻ֮䷢ʼ״ζо

֮䣬ʼоѹеֲסˡ
෴ֱӹĿһֱܼᶨ
޷ĸоκ˶޷ĸоǽʵۣ̫ǵġڡûѹС

ֻ

Ŀ⿪ʼͼŲơ
ʱͻȻִգָֻ⣬ԼΪٶƶš
оһ˳գĺ󼹱׵ǡ

صꡪ
ͯĺʢģ庢ͯһ汬񣬲֪ʲôʱͻըͯǶڱ񱻵ȼһ̣ڶתŶ䣬ȴըһ̡
ʱƺʹһ̣ٽ㡣

ٽ㣬ָ촽ʱﵽ㡣
ϣ㲻˵Ļǵпҡü΢ü˵㵭Թ
һʶס֡
˹
ָȴûջأš
һǵá

ǳŵ
ˣֿû֪Լ˵ʲô

.

Է˾ֵ˾ྭ·ĵطҲⰲá
һ߼ܵķӣ˾ֵмĴһ߼ܵķӣӡ̫ïֵ
ûϺȥ
ǵطһ˲ֻܽб̫෽ɽ롣
̫һˣְֵأÿʱƻ̫࣬Ǹֵ̫ģ顣

ʵ֮ǰͶ˾һ˽⣬Щ˽ֻڱ档֮ŷЩô¡
ͺһֱΪï﹫λȨأ˾ֻ죬֪֮λ̫εᶽǹͥ࿹
ﵱҪ飬̫飬ֻҪ֪Լ˭ϴھˡï

磬ҸţʱֵҲûʲô£ְı̫඼ȥЪˣ̫Ҳȥ˵ط͵ȥ跿ȥֵ͵˯һƱʱǴɢʱ
ֵֻ˰ïأðïҲԽſաָָ㡯ˡ
ֻɲã񲢲Ҫʲôָ㣬ҪϤʵʵڳϴģ

ʵӣðï泩
˾طɲʲôѣи˼иı㣬ɲˣ֮Ҳġ
ͺЩ̫࿴ֻǸȵģ˼пɽͬʱŶʮܹ̫λãȥҲǱ˽үүеҲɽûУܱѡΪīдúãۣġ

ï֡
˾౾ĩȵһ࣬˭ܸɫ˭ʹ˸񡣹ؼ˳޺Ϊǫ飬ÿηŰï˵һ̵ӣïĺĶﵽʷǰ
СʶȤһ

ɱǶֻ˸滹λڣɼܲסڵʥġ
ïָָ죬Цø⣬˵ռ˸ڵܲǣһֱǵ죬첻ˣ˱£ǸֵڳͷˣҲСӸ󣬸˺ָϺʱ򣬿ɱ˵Ҳ㡣





148.  Сʺʮˣ   Ҷ߳Ҷ

146

Ц
̫޸֮, ĸʢ̫ͷϸϸɵүү¡үү˭ܽУֻҪԷԸ, ܱ̫ǽڵ, ܹҲôλ
ǰ˾ֻλڣһλ˾ᶽ͵, һλ˾ӡ̫ï
ïλڻǽ²ðģǱ̫ǰ˼
Ҳ֪, 񰲳ï˵ʥ, ðͷ͸Լڵͷ, ǿ˽ڡ

Ƕ, Ǵ˭
˾ᶽӡ̫ƽᶽҪӡ뼶, ᶽֻ̫֮͢£Ȼӡ̫λȨأïҲǸ˵, δ͵ʲôڣ˾һֱλ, ִС
ǰ˼ҪŪ, ¶˵Ĳֹï, ͵¶
ȻⲢ, ҲûȨ๡

, ˵ڵ, ʥߵݹǼڣ
⡪ïס, ܿǷۣǺüλȻҲ, ֻǸ˾಻һ·ģСҲ࣬Ҹ˵˾£㵹ȥġ
ɦɦԣһЦܵⲻҲǺ档
ЩԼɽͷУɱָû㣬ɽͷϲɽͷĶȥˣȻΪСôõĽ

ȷʵ˭·Ӷܽ˾ġ
·ӣӣ˾಻ȱҲУ˶ģһܲһӣŲˣ˽㻹ͨīֲ̫֡Ǹ˴ֵģʱҪī̫ҲС
Ϊֵ˱һֲֲܽ˾ȻҲ̫йأԼĥġ

ͬʱ԰ïĻǣΪ۲죬ɽͷҲôμ
ƺϵ﹫˾˵һģƫƫðǹǰ˼֪ôڽʵǰԵʥϲмӣ걻Ϊᶽһʱ
ǰ˼ïף治ˣ˾ͷɣֵ˵۲죬Ҳֻɽۻ

򰲳ï˵⻰ǹ˵£շǹһɡ

Ȼᡣ
ҶͳˣǱŸսʱĴ㣬׵κϵ׵κˣʵµ͵ˡ

.

δʱʱֵæˣӶ͹ˡ
Ҫڸģ涼Ʊ⣬Ƕ£ֻǱ̫඼Ҫˣٰ͵Ϫʵٸ졣
Ǳ̫Ĳ¡
û󣬻Ҫõӡ̫ǹĿӡǷڸ

̫ǿϵ˽ۺֲۣ¾ͼˣҪ࣬ʽ̫ࡣֻǸعԱķϻӣƩʵ밲ʺ֮ģʽ̫ࡣ
ʱһЩҪӣҪϳʣ̫죬ʱͻύ̫Ϊ
ɴ˿ɼһ֮Ҫ񶼵þ˾תʸʵۣ˾Ȩƿɼһߣ

Ȼ˾ĳһ˵ʥģܻʵżʵϾʱΪ²ϳʣô˵ĵλ˵һ֮֮ϡ
ͺñȵï
ֻϧǰ˼ðͷ͡ϷïȨƣҲ˾Щ졣

ٵʱ֮ǰֵҲ඼ˣʱǰ˼ˡ
ĶĴ˻û󡮶ڡʺ
ʱǰ˼˽
ԼʮģþݰС۾һ˫ŨüƵǲһɫΧſۡ

ˣɢ˰ɣøɻˣӶŪ˰ɣۼҸ͹ȥ
仰Ƕ󺣺˵ġ
˶ǽֵı̫ࡣ˵ǰ˼Ʒ൱ȴöԴ˵ķʽˡҶ˼Ȼֵı̫࣬ӵĻ͸ȥ

ֻûԸƣͲնȥ͡ûǰ˼ôðͷģһǰ˱µʶǰ˼Ϊְ࣬ƫƫ֪ԼôλģžЧ¡
ȻҲΪֺñ£ǰڸС

·ԥ֮ɫƺ˵ЩʲôԱһ¡
䣬һӡ
ӡ
ǰ˼صͷС̫ȥˡ
ܱʰ¾ǳˣۼæҲˣλæȥɡ
˵꣬ˡǼ̬û˶Ž

ˣǹȻǶɢˣǾͶɢ˰ɣҲҪˣæһգ۵òᡣ
˵̫С
ǸϺ˵Ը˾Ե㲻Ҳղ£ЦǺǵȥ˵߾ͳͷȥˡ

Ҹɢȥ
죬λιĻڴԲɻɲô¡ã˿ûһǼ򵥵ġ

.

ʱʱֵһûʲô£ǵҪˡ
̫ûеֵһÿ˶һʰԼʱ洫һ󶯾
ǹˡ
ôô죿

󣬵ܲסԼʹ֡Ҳ˶Ҷͷͷ
ʱһкð̫˽ϲ
æ񹦣˵ǹˡ
аһ˲ܿͳ˹ϲ
ǿǹϲǹˡ
ǹǵʥġ

ǰϲȻҲŲҲһҲˣȻ֪£һʱֵޱȡ
˵лǸպȲ衣ûߣȻҲûߣʵѾЩ˶ǿµġ
ΡΡ⡢⣬˵ĿⶼۼڶͷǼŴŵֵ

ǰ˼ֵ
ǰ˼˱ӽȥˣһֱû

أǼյĴŴˣǰ˼Цһͷȥˡ
ͨãһֱԽӰڣ﹫ֵ
ǰ˼ȥï 



Լ֮䣬Ŀڰн
֪ʲô

Ϊӡ̫ڱ̫֮ϣ
ΪºگҪӡûмӡЧӡ̫ȨزʵگҪ֡ȻҲػʵ۵Ĳǿ֮ˡ
̫ȷʵԴʵ죬ӡ̫⣬ͬᱻء

ֵô£Ϊ֪ǰ˼Ϊ죬Ǳ̫෢ʱĿˡ
Ϊ󣬻øӡ̫ӡ
᲻ӡܲ˳ӡõïǰ˼һζײҲΪ̫ӡ̫ƣǰ˼³ܲԽï˵һ顣

ïɻ˳ǰ˼ԸԳܷԸԼƣԸ⽻֮Ȩ
ⲻ˵ײ˾ࡣǰ˼ï񣬼ʹǰ˼۶ͦ࣬û˸ӹϣкܶԹۡ
﹫ײˣȻдֵľƣ˾࣬ʮ̫Ⱥ塣

ټֵУۺڴԹۣҲ֮Աǣƺǰ˼Բ
ѰԸҲˣȭͷӬҲ죿
ǳ룡

.

ǰ˼Щðˡ˾һԺᶽ̫͵µ
䲻ֵȻΪᶽȻ˾෢¶֪
˵ǣū澿˻﹫ѵ֪ձ󣿡
͵˶ԷһۣЦŵ˵ɲǡڿûȻա

С̫һԼ죬һЦūⲻǲʶ֣Ȼѧ峵ڣūҲǸߣڵĽ̵ѬգŽ֪ô˵˭ַ֪ˡ




149.  Сʺʮţ   ˲źã

147

С̫˵͵ѧ峵, Щ֮⣬ҲȫǴ˾ľ͵¹ŵ, ʮ, ľʼ¼Ĺ±䱾ԼĲ¡
ķ綦ʢ, Ҳ˳Ĳ䡣
£䵽ٸ, ͢, ̷鳧ԹٿΪ꾡, Ҳ, ٿ֮ϻиһڸ̡

ڸָľ˾ྭ̵鼮
Թ˾ྭ͵ܲȥʵ۶ֹһ޵͵ĲȻΪ¹, һ塣
ɼһߣ

ƶ죡
Ȼѵ⣬͵ȴЦ˵ģС̫ѵǵ, Цģܿ͵ǰǸġ
Ҷ߳Ҷ, ˮǰú󲨡Թ˲Ÿ汾, ǰ˼̫ð, ˭֪, ϾΪǳ, ô, ʥϡ͵૵
ʱС̫ȴҶ, ֻԱţ

.

úǶӰڿ챻˿춢˿
ͻȻ߹ˡ
Ƚѥ, ɫѥ˳ϿȥɫϾǰ˼ŵ
һ㶼ûԼĵ⡣

ǰ˼ȥʱ˵СšïӸλ꣬ǰ˼ɱȵģɾǰ˼Ϊ˿ˣïͻȻ£ƣ¶Цݣӹӿ˿Ҳû˵ʲô͸ӡˡ
ǰ˼ã֮ٲȻǵСгǰ˼ԼƲɵïǸλˡ

ǰ˼Լֵ
ʱֵ˳ְˣҲɢˡȥʱм˽ǰ˼ֵ
¾ɽ棿ǰ˼̬ïΪλã



ӡΪҪãαҪӡԺǸţ
Ӱ֮һ߼ܵķݡ
֮Ҿߣһˮ̴ľͷ̴ɫɫ󣬺صİӵĲǼΪؾŵһλȨصĻ¹ٳ֮ء

˵Ǳ̫󺣡
ïƹ˾꣬ȻҲԼˣ󺣱֮һ
ʵʲô£ʢŵʱ򡣡

ǰïд֡
ֻһɷ裬ͦдúãСȻïֺЩԱ֣յٲȻûֵ顣
ЩӣïԼҲµ˶ǰ˼Ӷãǰ˼ǸСӡ־ӡȻݣ϶ͼ

֪֪õֵزҲ󺣾ÿֻš
ѵӡһ
ǰ˼εºܣ
һлӵĳҪʱһ˹ǰʮ꣬ǰ˼Ǹϵĳ棬Ϊ˾ӭɳǳ棬ǰ˼һֱʱ˲á

ʮʱˣǰ˼ҲΪӭü࣬ٺ˾ࡣ
ǰ˼˾ӭֺõ̫ˣ̫ڵȻƲҲ
Ҳ룬ǰ˼ܺĸԼһһ·˾࣬ȻһѰˡ
ǰ˼Լı£ֻ󺣲Ըϡ

ǹӡͻתĲԸϣҲΪïˣïԵģȻ

Ըܣδд洦̫ߣͨҲȱ㡣ɣȲԸȥһӣǰġĿȫ顷óģ͵ȥ顣
ӡ
ȥɣ˾Ҳûʲô£ȥᶽ˵һïͷҲû̧ӡԸֻӦ뿪ˡ

ߺ󣬽˸̫ࡣ
ֵͦģ
ԥһ£Ҳ̫֡
ïЦЦҡҡͷƺڸ̾ʲôƺڳЦʲô

ǸΣ
ͦʵģǹҲӴˣʱͶԷļ󣬷˶ȥǹ˵ûȥ˵ȥǹ˵ʱ˰봹ͷƺЩµӡ

Ǹˡ
ïૣ˲źãҲûá

˼žֻñʼֽŽӴɳɳ
һ̫׳ŵʣ񡪡
ȥ˾ʶһλãȥ칮˵˵ǰ˼λãʣµľͲùˣԺ˵
̫һǵͷӦǣ֮ܿȥˡ

.

˾෢£㲢֪
⼸κץ㡢ժֲ˼
̫ҺؿһƬɻ˵ʮɻΪͰ⴦

ƾԷǽ˿ȣЩֲͣ˵ȥ̫밲ΪлԶ̫ססĽ԰ʱûҲˣС

Ҳ䣬ʹӰ϶㵽˺̫Һ֮󣬲ű߼ʣб¾ң
רŶ㵽Ҳϱ˹ۼ֮أ˶ӣûʲôһ˶طɻܣˮûںɻȺ֮䣬Ƨһܴһ졣

ǵģרΪκ֮ã濪࿪羰
вСĹ齣гԵкȵģ͡¨ĳ˶УνһӦȫ
ǿһ㶼ʺκĴ

㴩һҳѣŮӣãҲҲɫá
ɫĶԽĹӣ°ɫʮȹûǰڹ֮ʱķ٣ɫ֮͸ò֮ޡ鶯Ů


˵ʲôǻʺ

ﲻԶһĴͷվżˡ
ͬ⴦ġªҪһЩǰ벿Ϊ濪ĸ֣дĴա
ͷվŵļͶԼĪǶʮҵ꣬Ŵ磬ȨҲǻס

ǳʮԿ¡
ɫЩӵؿ㡣
ƺȫȻûϵ˻ƵֵطϴŲ죬ܿͻָƽȫȻǵƽ˿ԼΪʺôһκδ

ĸǧĪҲ˴
ܿط˼רƧ֮أ⴬ϼ˿ɲ˵ģ
˵㲻վڼм䣬ܿһ˶ΪףȻҲϴ

Կ¸Ű봹ͷ
ˣа˻ӡŻӡʮӣǾ۵ȫǣм꣬ӦĳЩѫǻ׼ҵĺӡһˣҲǸʧ޺꣬ʱĻзŵĳ֮ɫԶأȫ亹

֪°ɣˮխǳ⴬ɽ
ʵܽģֻǻ⴦רŹԷ˲ժɻʱõˮˮխа룬ΪˮխŻõ⻭
ܾ֮ȻңҲ᲻ʶȤ˳ŴԶ⴦



ʮŵһȼӡ
Ŵ磬̬˼Կ¾ѿӣʱһǰɫٲȻʮ棬˵ܹ˵ۿ𾪡

Ǽ򵥵ģԺԶ㡣ü˵
ɨˣȻҲ᲻ᱻ˼Լһ棬㵽ֵطˣᱻơ

أûʲô
ͱٶһۣжЦ⣬Ծ˵£Ȼô衯첻żң
Ҳǣȥ˾࣬͡Ĵڣ

һΣպ˯ţûūǽ
ش˵üΣÿ޶ƣ˳ֳһɻ꣬ˣӿ
Էֵ⳼֮ӶܽˣŰɡ




150.  Сʺʮ   ҲҪ£ʱ

148

ʵǻߵ, 롣
ͷʢȻ˷ӭ֮ˣżһͷʢʮǱȻ, ˻ӡŻӺʮӲǸ
Ĵ̽ͷĵܵ, ˭֪ܵҲǻˣȻѰ˻ӡŻӡʮӶʳ˽

Ҳ, ڴλģҲǰ⼸λӡ
ʵûʮӷ, ֻǾܵԼķͷ, Ȼӭ֮, Żôһ⡣
һһź, һ˼˵ŻΪ˵ɻ, ˭֪żеĻʺ

ʺ˴ţѵѵ⣿һɫ۵˵
ӾþӱȻ֪, ǲΪС³λġ

˵ǻݰ֮κ֪ҲǸס
ݰǽʵ۵Ĺù, κ֪ƽ֮, Ҳ˵Щ⡣ڳ֮˴඼ǻʺ, Ȼ޷֮, Ҳκ֪, Ҳ˶ûֹ
κ֪͸λջؾõ, һʺ, УΪʺСǷԨԴ, ĵñ³谮

ʵҲǴ˶Ŀһռʱ˺͵֮ŮܲǾͲΪˣϾ˼ҳ˻ʺ⣬жżҺͶ
Ҫǣۿɼ¶伫Ϊƫƫʲô˼ҵ̡
ֻϾ֮θƬȦˣ˭ָ˵ǣ

κ֪ˣǽŻ׵ݲܽԷȻסԷһڻ顣
Է󣬻ʺס˳лٲȻԼȪй˭̫ǶǸսʱȥ˸î֮㵱˶ڡ
ֻ˵ʺ⴦棬ȥǴκǼŵġ

˵ĳȻ⣬Щ˼ǼĽǼʣ˭Լͼ˼գûлҲûлӵĺôӵûٰ߶ЩȻҲ֪λĸʲôʲô
˭˭ﲻ
Թ˭
Թ˼գȻѣ

Ҳһᵽʺ˶鸴ӣԿΪֹǻ֮ǰԨԴһͱʺΪӣϧʺ󿴲ȴָһ·
ʧƱ㣬ʺмʲôû˱Կ¸Ϊ
ҹиָ֪̣֮ãܸܵʺľı֮֮⣬Ҳ̫̫Ķ
һЩԼ׵Ķ

һǰ˻ӣֻǰ˻Ϻ΢Ц֮ڵʵʵǿֺ
ʵκ֪֮ԻڣҲΪӵݡ
꣬Ҳǳг˳⣬һšЯӻؾ££ģȻҪ£δλΪ֮ȻǺӣЩ㡣

ǿϧˡκ֪ԣ̾
ʲôϧˣ
æعЦ˵ûԵЩϧˣⶫɲǺ÷⣬ԷΪ֮ǻʼҽԷ
ӼȾúãǾͶ䡣ǻһطժǡȥ˵ȴɻʱժ

ⷬȻ˶ӷŵʧԡ
ֻԿв䲻ԣȴΪӡ
ôʮʵ˻٣
˵ǰ˻ӣʱϵ˶ȥߴֲժԿ˵ûע⡣
Կ¿һۣܵڱ׾ȻóҪòض̣Ƕ˵Ϊˡ
˻ЦЦû˵ֻǿǱ̲ĺ棬ʱȥǱӵصӡ

.

Щ֮ĶթȻûʲôϵ֮ʣ˾Ҳڶ֮С
⻹Ҫ˵̫ȥȥ飬һ˾λá
˿ǰ˼˶ǰ˼ôģѵǰ˼ˣ
ֻǰ˼Լⲽߵþ

칮ҪллΪҳıߡ
˵Ҳǹ¹ĳ֮
칮Լʮ꣬ð˹ģݣ˵ʱһЦ۽һϸϸܵơ
Ҳ˾λ̫֮һƢԸΪ֪ǲƢãû˼칫ŭ칮Ҳڱ̫λʮˣȻһѰˡ

Σ֮Ҫлл㣬һʵߵǰ˼޵󺣱ǳ֣֮һ˽ȥ˶Ϊï֮ʡ
˳˻ʺĸǰïȻµһʺ󣬿ɽշǱգһͶ˱µĸȥʺȻһ²һ¡
ΣȻҪĴмҲޱ֮ˣȻ֪˭ģӡ֮λȻϯʣǾġ

Ǿллʶˡ칮Цеص

.

ֵУ˽ǹϲ
ǳ̽ǳĽ̬֮̾Ϊֹ
԰ïֵøԣζȫдɬɬдᣬһ־

СԼԹ˹أŻᱻģƽָֻ㣬û뵽СӾ͵ܵǰͷʵʲôʱǹģ
ǰһһڣǹⰲïҲ֪ƺǸ˵ĶҲʸǰ˼ǻԼĴ㡣

һΪ˾Ǳصİྪ̾ٴξԼСκˡ
ȴǱҵ࣬˵˳ˡ
ˣҲСˣơï
ƣ

ϸǼ٣Ĵ̽棬֪һض㲻ֻ̹ȻӦԡ
ֻҪλپȻ˵Ŵ



پƴʱĩһֱȵҡ
̽ʲôûδֽ֪̽ٶЩ˾㣬ԼδԴ˸ñе̬ȡ
ЩƲۣؼʱȴΪáµȵ̫һ·ߵڣԸܵ˼̫̫ࡣ

ɾɫ֮ʣȴǸˡ
֪Щûȥ
ˡ
˾æţȴδ©ǱߵϢҲ˸˻˵ﲻá

ҪҪȥ
ʱ˯ˣȥʲôãǡ
վȥˣȻҲ˯ˡ
ó죬Ȼ˯þ磬˾ֵҹʹС

˯ҽȥ
˲ͬģھжܴУľΪԺȷƷΪͨ硣ҲΪͬѰһģεˣϴ˯ˣҲôĽȥˣ˾Ҳû˵ʲô¼˯

ɫʣϵ˯졣
ڴǰԶվһվǽ˾ƣɫʵ̫վ޷ߵ˽ǰ
һֱֿƲס˹ȥѽҪ룬һֻůСץס֡
ҪǲѣǲһԼˣ˾ôæҶûʱ䣿

Щѯʷ嵭Ρ
ҲûƣﰵҲպ˾Ʒڴǰϯ£ôԼ֡
˾Ƹӣҡ

˵˺ܶ࣬ȥĴ۲쵽һЩ£ԼԼͻȻγ˱ʵȵȡ
û˵δĵǣ֮͸¶Ҳ㹻㴧Ħܶණˡ
λãҪ밲ȴѣҿ˰㵱ͷӣڼ»ñӣǸʲôǹ°˲Ź㣬ǹǹŹ㡣ھǱ˼ܵϿˣһв̤¡

˵ͻȻͣ¡
ҲҪ£ʱʵڶסѰܱġ




151.  Сʺʮһ   С

149

ŵЦ, ƺ뿴󣬿סѰȴһ˲ۿʪ, ٸнͷ
εºܣ
ͻȻһӾͲã, ȥ˾౾󣬻ȡҲûɹ

Ȼʸ֮, ȻһͣСĽ, Ӧò, ƲŻд, Ȼߵġ·, ٻʮܽ˾࣬˱֮λ
, ǶסˣȻѰ



һĶԻƺ
ӵȥ˾࣬㻹ǱԹּ˯ŵʱ
ʱһ, ƺĳϵ, δɢ
ڼŮ, ʮ, ǰ, ϵǴš

Ů»ʲô⼼, ƩᳪС, ֮, ˭֪ǾȻʲôᣬʮֵС
񾹸СĹŮ
ѯʣʳڹ, ֻ˵ȥһˣȴûж˵ΪǷʲôС㣬˭֪Ƿ̻ʺǲŻսսų


Ҳȥˣ˭֪ʲôҲû˵ֻ˵¡

һͷٺĵطҲ˵ʱټԺһٶȥκʿɶֹȾ˺ۼҲûôˣ
˾ͶˣڻѧκһҸ˳۵ĵط˴͵һ˾ϴЪϢЪѰһ;
ջվڴϣԶԶƼһС泯ˮվš

ǲиˣǸͯΪ̫Զе㲻ȷ鼸
ǸͯԷСʮʮĻӺûôСļҰѺӴˣôҲûз̵˸ţ
ŮߴߴţУѾеߡ

ļСôûžˮߣдû㣬һ˲Ҫˮ𣿡
˭֪С⻰ּˣ৵һתܽ˰ߵ
Сôˣʲô
˵䣬һ´˰ߣŪС̫ȥ￴˿ûҵС
Ҳ´ˣּⰶʯˮЪϢǲҲˣǻûţ˾͵ز׼š

˵ţʵЩʳϹ֮ģ£ʳУǰ׼õġ࣬ϱˮ¯ӣһȾãţҪҩҩҲǴ˳ģȵʱһ¾Ϳɡ
źҩȵü˾æǺ÷Уȡá
˿÷ӷŽһζϮԵĿɬࡣ
÷൹ͦ

÷Ѱġʵ÷Ʒֲ٣ζҲǹģ֪ĶŪķӣ˾ġ
ǹҲˣȥԵ㶫ɡ
ӴϰС˸ֳʳ㿴˿˼ԼԵģ͸ɻĹŮ̫ࡣ
Ҳһˣ֪ﲻǸӣŮ̫лͺ󣬾ԼǷݳʳܵһȥˡ

ҲЩôҿɳԲˡ
Ҳûٱʳһ˸Բ̫࣬˭йڴˣʺÿٲ͵㶼ģҲǲ١
˾ҲõӼ˳ʳȥһԳԣҶԵʮֿģѵҲθڣ㣬ֺ˼ࡣ

֮ʣ۽⿴һСӰӣһʯͷĿתؿǰϵĸ㡣
һٺϸ⣬Ǹ˻Σ֡
СĿһӱþƺߵƺ᲻ߣĿ˾
˾˰֣˾嵱ᣬһһ߾Ա˴Լ׵ӣⶼôұ

С̫СˣΪԼصúܺãⲻ֪Сָͷ˾弸˾ӸͰһпУ֮㣬
Щ˶ԶˣƺԼСڶˡ
壬Ųȴܵߣǿٺϸ⣬ֻصŶܵĴʯͷ档

䲻֪СļҵģģҲӣȴʮƶܶӦþôɡ
ֺӿɲļһ׹ݴԷġʱҲôˣûСǡ
Сʲôˣ

ѵԷĹ˵ĺӣǻʼҽԷƽСǲܽοǹ˵ĺӣԷ֮д̫ൽŮй˶ڽʵ۵ģʵĳŮãܲعǽʵ۵ģǡ

˼֮䣬СѾǿٺϸ⡣
ԥһֳƺҪ
ֵݸһ㣬ǶԣٸûˣǾͶű߳ԡ
ССһ㣬ſ꣬ʱս˿ʵӦֻС۾ܴƤףСϺġ

Сһ㣬Ż˳Զٶȡ
𼱣ԡﻹ࣬ҪҪԣ
СҡҡͷҪȥˡ
˵꣬˾һˡ

С
ŪģЩСܣĻûӦ
һСƽʲô
˻ȥ̽Ǻεص̫ˣ˵⸽򷿼еǵطͷˣڰá

ڰã
ȻǻʺȻţڰǰûŮԼϹŮ֮أһЩڹĹҲᱻĽ˴һ㹬Ůطɫ䣬˾ǵ塣
ѵСסڰã
ˡ

.

ںģ֮ż춼ᵽ
طشƫƧ羰ϼѣǸиڰãǸеĺõط
⼸УСΡ
ʱ֣ʱ򲻻֣ƺ֪кóԵģÿһԶһгԵĲŻ֡ڴˣ´ͻóЩóԵĶʱֲ

Ӧд˹ŵģôССֻƽʱֳԲʲôöԲŻ
㻹һ㣬СÿμǺģѵĲϲȲϹĹǣһĹŮ̫Ҫ̫࣬ϴΪ졣
㲻ˡ

Ϊ˲ݾߣǺӣÿ춼ҴԽԽ١ڳֻŮ̫࣬ǴﲻԶĵط
ôҲ⣬ʲô£һ˹Сȴǿġ
ò˵ôȷʵСľģÿǳԶ˾ܣżһЩ⣬ҲѡԻش

С˵аҲ˽Сӡ
ûеֻ֡
ûдҲûвԣֲֻˣʳŻҶԡ
ں⼸仰Сܴܲߣ͸¶ġСľ̫ǿȫĺӡ
ˣСҲԼ͸¶ģֻ֪֪Լˡ

˻ȥȥڰô
ط˲ȥҲڰ÷⴦ʵǰЩĻ߻زĹŮã˼屻ﶼǵˣ˴ȻãֻǸЩӻȥһЩʳ׼⡣
ֽ¶˺ۼԴΪѡ

βСܵÿ죬ʧķڰãӦþס档
ЩСЩϧ
ȥʱһЩڱʳСȥͬʱҲС׼һЩḻĳʳǽڸϹʲôģͯԸĻӪֲĺӿֻС

ôһȥСĹϵԽԽˣֳʳʱҲŲˡ




152.  Сʺʮ   ֮

150

һ, ˱ʺ󣬹ȻŻڽʵǰ¶
ʵҲǣƲ, , ֻõû뵽˽ʵ۵ۡ
ֻһοޣֵһ, ȴҲǰ˼ܵΣ
̲סǲǵˣ֮ǰΪ˷ֹ³ţϧרȨ, ʽӴµĻ, ΪҪȥ, ȥǰ¶

, ǹïǹԷ, ҲʾԼ
˾ϯʣѹ, Ҳˣ˾Ǹøĳˡ
ֻû뵽Сһ㶼
ںҲѾ, Ѿ¶, ʹ, Ӵʵ۵Ļ, ˴

˾ï
ȷʵڽʵǰ¶, Ϊ˾ӡ̫, ̫̫Ľڿָȥ
˽ʵԵ, һûʱ
ǸСôû
⻰ȻزסʹأҲ˻زס, ˾˶֪ˡ


ѵ˵֮Ե˱µԵΪΪԱ¶˼£
ʲôֶ˾һпӡ챻Ƿˡ



ï
ǹȻҵ˼ïƥ˵˾ȱˣô˸˱ԵСӣ㰲ŵģ
칮
ǰ˼ݺݵص˹ǺѪ˿ɼŭ޼

칮ҲЦˣЩ⣬ⶼǹͬģСӣ﹫ûʱ˵ҵĴСӣ֮ˣ
˵ҡ

칮վЦԼǹԼ뷨﹫ԱҲǹԼ⡣˾ͲҪʲôڣûȫ˵Ĵ
˵꣬칮ͷȥˣȻټɵԷģ
Ҳȷʵټɵǰ˼ЩʵӵȨƣ˵̵Ķǻʵ۸ơ
ʵ۸˭˭ƣʵ۲˭߸ïҲõͷʵˡ

ϧǰ˼Ѿˣ֡ˣֱӻشؼСһ㶼飬öԼõģ
ǻ쵰쵰



ֵï¶΢Ц
¹Ȼڸƣͺ񵱳ǰʺ̫ʱ죬Ȼ˽£Ҳ㡭

.

Ϫ
˸硣
ϵСæڶһյ裺ɵȵ裬С˷硣
Сӹ²ͷ磡˲裬ﻹ
ʵǰµľССķ纮Ҳñܳȥ¡쵹ǲ£Ҫǻˣ¿ܾⱲǰ;ľͷ

˭ң찵⣬ͬʱ۽ǳ߹æӭȥǵġ
ˡ
ٹ

ȥʱӵ߳
ŵˣٿϵ벹ӣһһԱ˱ܣ·
˵ͷһӣ֪˾ˣҲͰض˵ͷ
Զ΢΢˹ǻ

ȶ߽ȥа⣺ȻкܣƷǷ佫УǵһˡʵһˣǾǶֻǶѪʢ£綨
̨ףӭһˡ
Ժ

ӭȥ
Ժʥϣĵǲɣսȥеĵȡ
ղ㾹˺ǰ;ǹĿ࿴Ŀ࿴
Ժεڹ룬Ȼϵѣﱧŵӡ
ЦԺǱ̭СˣͷʢԺʲô£޼£ȻҸطһ̫

ûʲô£ʺ󡭡ԺƺԼʧԣæĿڵǲһҪ̫ҩǵȻɡ
δ
һͬȥ

.

ȽʵۼѾһʱˡ
ʵۻյ裬Ժ˵ˣͻȥˣ˵ǻҪ̫䰲ҩȻٹ
ʵüĳȥ޿ûյ

ʱԺˡ
촽м̬֮ƺʲô¡̫˯߲ã˰Ҳ̫ãټͣȣǾƣԺҪ̫̺򣬽ʵֻΪ̫ľûж롣

ʺΣ
Ժһ£ﵽ׿¼á
֮ǰ˵ٷҩһ£Ȼܴﵽ״̬ôֳ˼ã
ԺЦǳҽ£󲡳У񽫽ߡ

ʵ۱ЩãԺּ̬֣˵ÿټԺȷʵйʺĲܴ̱ڴް̫󡭡
˰ˣ̫ļֻǴ÷ϣҪûʺ塭

Ժڻȥ·ϣȴ֮ǰϪߵ̫Һʱ˵Ļ
ѾֳͣʳҩԺñ»Ļӣ
̫ͻȻԺʮֲ졣
˾൱͸֪У⻰⻰۵ģ˹ϵԺҲΪԲ죬ָȰסԷ

ԺΪҽ֪ŶԣǿûھԺԺһҽҽֻشΪʼҲͶ꣬Ժжл˵ȴֱҪ˵
Ժ𺳡
֮ԣҲȴּᶨ̬ȡ
¾˼ѣ
Ļȴޱ߷ˡ

Ժ֪ϣϣȴգ˲ֻԹ޸Լϣˣ
Ժ֪ΪͣȴɶԴºаգΪ¾Լ񹦣粻ʵΣҲֻпѵԺ
Ժ֪̺һֱսսֳ£ָĲǷʲô£ʲôöûУΪû£˲ܰȣһգǴŭ󱯣ƽ˵һʱǰ˵һ

ԺܱܳµʣԺļ/޶ܣϾȫԺԺһְµǲԸ᲻Ժ֮
ʹԺǧֶΣһˣ;̥ʹ̥̥£ȴûô
Ӳ̣ҲŹ֪˶ضľ¡ЩʮʮĻ⣬Ҳûбõ£ֻزһ±岼˶ֻ첻һ

ԺӦ֪̥ҵ£Ա£˵ζʲôԺҲӦ֪֮˼ʹܹµĺӻô
ѵԺ뿴δĴ֮ޱһ벻ҩޣԺöѣԺӦֻ֪Ҫ̥£ֻҪкëҲȻδĴ㾡ȫ֮ȥΣԺаκЩβãָô졭
Ĵɻһδĵ

һһֱԺġ
ֻţ壬亹̾ʹʪеѡ

Ϊ֪Щҿɴûи߹㣡
㾹ӱºӣϲ⣡
㵽ʲôˣǱ˭ڻʺߣΪЧһʺ󣬸㷽㣬֪㾹Ұģ
㻹鳯֮£㵨Ϊ㲻֪ν㡭

Ժʣ˼ɫĵز
ȴʲôҲûзֻǿһҵЦ
ֱЦԺ죬
Ϊ֪ʵ˵Ķԣ˵ǡǡҲԺһֱֻţȴҲһֱԵġ

óò
ԽӵʥֻżԼʱֹ뽻ʲôȴ޴ǲ˵Ҳǲ֪˵ʲôֻܱŽģùҹ
ĻٲȻеȫ˺°˳
òԣòӣҲò֡

ԾڴˣԺȥɣ͵ʲôҲû˵
˵꣬ˡ
Ժյͷȴ׹ߡ




153.  Сʺʮ   

151

Ժ, ˾ྭȥ
һ·ߵʮƽκһ˶벻ôƽ̹Ȼˣڲ֮ǰ˵ô治Ļ, һ¡
˵ЩͼıѾ, ˵ȴʱ⣬Ϊʵڲٵˡ

ԺԸظ, ڹ㣬Ⱦ̫ҽԺԺ֮λ, Ȼ䡮顯֮Ա, ȻҲԺ, ͵Դظ֮, ǡǡԱ֮࣬һЩҾ, ֮֮£оͳɰᰴҵ뷨ȥʣһɡ
ʣһɲڡ

, ﰵ⡢Ħ
ߵһһЩ, ȫı㡣ı벻ܵ˼, ȫʱ̶Ħ, ֱնȼŻȥʩС
Ҫô, һȻҪɡ

˾Ǳ, ǰ˼»Ϊжд, ֮ǰʾ֮, ҿλ﹫
ô˳˾࣬лɹǲʲô˰п֮˶ų, Ψλ¶ġڡ
ǰ˼ǸˣѹïӶãʹнʵΪǰ˼ƣï˾ľӪǰ˼ʹݺݵˤһӣһδ̫ˡ

ôΨһĽ;ǣïá
ͲѽΪܽ˾࣬λ﹫ΪҪа
Ϊ
Ϊ

֮ͬǰԣûԵ޹ʵĿأǱȻͼïѹǰ˼γҲï˾վ
һͣ漫
ϣԺҪʧ
̧̾ѾֵĴţ̧ͷЦ˽ȥ

.

ʱգƫƫ´ʱϾϸꡣ
Сˡ
꣬С˭֪Сȴҡҡͷ֣˵Ҫȥһõط

ƲҲʹʪͷĳ̶ȣʹӦˣŪǱɡ
Ū׼ҲȥʱСȴֲ׼ŪǸ˵ǵطֻԼֻ֪˵ȴǲܹ֪ġ
ѣֻܱͬˣŪ˸ں档
ԷԱӣȫرҲڹͷ֪кܶԼȻðһЩҪݣԸеķǱȻҪеġ

Ҳ˵ԶСεؿԼԼʱ㲻ЩԲλ֮С
ÿ˴һŰֽŰֽϻửʲôɫȫƾԼ䵽ȥƭһӡȻƭ˵ֻǹܲҪ鷳ǻΡ

˽ȥ
򷿼еʱǰ˵ΪΪ﻿ţڣȻж
խĸ֣һϸֳӣǶȦᣬеѻķϣе侭ķͷӲݼа˸ߣЩӶˣʮưɭ

أʲôһܶ
һ
һֻСס֣£󡣡
Ļе¡

ôû
Ȼǰ澭ļ绹мģ£̲סһļëȻ

Ҫȥģ
棬һ㡣
ܿ͵Ŀĵءһ˵ķ棬Ŀ֮שߣܶ˸ߵӲݸΧסˡ
Сһ¾Ӳݣٶȼ졣
жûס

ֻǲһСż񵰳ǰ
ԭطˣвڴ˵һαСˣͽﵱ˱ءÿһӶ񵰡

С񵰣ᳵ·ԽķӣһݶŴǺõӡ
ӵķϽ֩ŵǽкܶպùߣһǶ˲ƵļҾߺ͸ɲݣкܶҳǿϵһĵϺܸɾҳ٣ƺջĺۼЩճ˺̿ľ

Сڲִˣν˺
ᳵ·ӽһӣ˼ľ񣬶ѳһŤŤġɽִӽһŸɲ𣬺ܿȼˡ
Сֱ֮˲ţܶС

Сָָԡ
ǵϻлҳ˵ⱲӣһӺⱲӼҲûֵط
СеؿԼһҧɣŪ˻ȥϴ˱ǡ
Ҫȥ£СͻȻһǶгһľ壬˲ĻңҪĵط

ˡ
۾е㷢ȣ봹ȥ£ٲԥ಻ˡ
СҲԱ£ȴϯضƺʮƣ˿ûʲô
Ҫ䣬Կ𡣡
궼ġ

ʵСӴôãܷСıʵЩ⣬˵ЩͷԣֻʮϤĲ˼
ʱ򶼻῾ȡůû̿裿
ССüͷ˵ʲôǼ
ƿԡ

̿УǰУûˡ
ΪʲôûˣΪû̿ˣ
ǰֻ̿裬ůͣȥû̿衣ƺĲ⣬С
ĺܿ졣СͻȻ˵

ԣŷС֪ʱļ񵰶˻ʱǿˣŵ͵ζ
ֹһСľ񵰵Ҷӻ˳ҶǿζŨˡ
Ҫȵȣ̡ƺ㼱ԣС˵

Ҳ͡ȡţֱСְһҶ򿪣¶漸Ƶ񵰡Ϊȣ񵰼ˣ¶ĵס
С°м˵Ƕǰ
ԡ

һΣûԥȥһ顣
ιʵóԣûζЩȡ
Ҳ԰ɡ
СܾҲԣԡҳĺóԵģҵĺóԵġ
˵С˵ҪȥһõطʵΪ񵰣óóԵĺö

ͻȻۿȣ׽Щϵĵףؾ׽ţͬʱ˸

.

ͣˡ
ʵû´ֻ˼Ρ
ѾҪϨˣСǳԱˣؿ࣬˯
ͻȻȹӡ

ĶСһ¾ֱСӣ۾һ˿֡
ܿǰˣеľֽȥΪ׽
ҪˣС̺ŨŨĲᡣ
Ҫˡ˶٣ֵҪȥְɣ

Ҫ֣ΪʲôƺҪߣƺС͵ֿҪˣˡ
ˡ
ĲС˵ʱĵȻǲ仰¶ѶϢ
ҪˣŸҪ
㻹ǴȥְɣҪǻĻҿ̫ҽ

̫ҽͲˣҴȥСվֵ֪㣬֪ҳԵġ
û˵ʲô
˵ʲôСƺЩãȻʲôҲû˵
Ҳ֪СʲʲôСܳȺӣִСڰֵط˵ʽЩ⣬ҲƺԺܶණ
ȻСǺܴģ£ǾԲġ

˵֮䣬Ѿߵ򷿼еӲݼ࣬שߵǡ
һԶԶϡܿһš
ֱ߽ˣſŵģ
һȺţѾ߲ˣŻ⼣ۣƺҲܾû߹ˣ沼˻ҳ֩ŵ඼ǰ˶ߵӲݡ

СͻȻߣƿһӲݣ¶һ
¾˽ȥȻ

.

һŲ
Ūˡ
̫ɢĴ۲£طӦǰڰõţ򷿼еڰøĴ濪ţҲͷˡ

طҵˣȥ
üȵȡ
Сȥתͷ˭֪һȽյĴžȻˡ

˭ѽŪһ̲ס
ʵſ̫ͻأҲվʵЩˡ
Ѿʮˣͷףȫϸϸܵƣʮݣֱûʲô˫Ŀ°Ƿƣɢһɸζ
Īţūˣǹū˵й˵ãųŲǰš




154.  Сʺʮģ   һ

152

˵Щ, ƺѾûʲôˡ
ϻ΢΢ЦţŵȴƲסڲҲҡҡ׹
С˳, ܵǰ, ָָ֣֡
˲˵, ʾ̫ǰס
ﶼˣȻû˸, ̫ͷ, Сں, һ˽ɭɲڰá

ԽһƵӰ, ӳеһͥԺ
䣬Ҹж᷿, ໹ҶȻܾɣûвƲ, ෴ʮֹƺ걻ݹ

, оü䡣
üһӦҾ, Ǻɼľ, ȻܶطһɺĻҳ, Ҿ߲ƾɡ
ԺӴӴŵ, ͸¶һֹ, оʮֲгô˵أͺһ˲, ȴóһ

ū澰ݼʺ
ΡΡعվվȣȥ򣬱̫, ƿ˷Լ֣Źġ
ȻģΪѣ̬㻹ܿҲʱӦǸܶĹŮ
һĹŮûôõǡ

ͬʱ㻹𾪣Ϊ֪ݣҪ֪Сǰû͸¶Լݵġ
ƺɻЦЦ͵δʳ˵ģǰʳѰ˿ò˵նš
նţǻʼҽԷϸʹСһЩϸڣԲ³ݣ
լʺ񣬴ȴ󱯣Ըʩᰲһӳʳר׼˺ܶڱʳҲΪЩʳū澺ͰЩûж

һֱ΢Цŵġ
վվȣ뱻˲ڵѣ˵ЩмĻʱ΢Цġ
𾪻ʼҽԷȻۣͬʱҲп󷽡
Ҳʱ򣬲ֻһŮܻһŮ٣

˵һ˵⺢ô𣿡
Ըһ£

.

»Ҫ˵ǰ
ʱڰõһ£ʱ⴦ڰѱ֮ԻûΪ˻û꣬ҲΪҪиطɹһЩ֮ˡ
ͻȻһ죬һĹŮ

˵ڰѾΪһЩϻزϹŮĵطһĹŮǴŮҲǹ
ɽȴʲôҲû˵ֻ˵˹̤һ
䲻֪飬ܿ⹬ŮӦǷ˴£ڹװҪʵĲҪʣĹŮô

⹬Ů͵ܣ˭֪˵ʵʼֻǶޣŪʲôطˣͲˣͻȻһ˾ͷˣǿЦ˵һЩ治Ļ
ŮʱͲԣ㽫ڰԺ
طƫƧټϰﲡĲϵϣķ裬ƽʱ˹̶ЩʳˣҲ±˷֡

⹬ŮԴ˺һֱģû˵
Щƴճһ¡
һѡֻ£µǣû£⹬ŮȻˡ
ʱǰ·¹Ůе£˷ֺȥָô˵᲻û
ȻѾ³˭Ůطô˵ѵȥ˵Ѿ֪£Ҳ֪Ϊΰ⹬Ů

Ҫ֪ڹǺ׾ûʲô£֪ʲô֪£ڹһӣ̫̫£ٵġ
˴˲ҲʱչЩͬһˣû뵽ʱ̯Ĵ¡
ԥ֮£Ǿ
Լ糬

˵˻Ҫ֪⹬Ůˣ֪˭ݻĶв²Ǹˡ
Ȼû´û죬ˡ



ȷŮĻк˾뿪ˡ
һ죬Ǹ͹ŮˣԸúչǹŮһЩĳʳҩġ
Դˣÿ£һЩճÿһʱ䶼Ů

⹬Ůƽʱ񲣬עԼĶӣԴСƽ̹裬Ҳûʲô⡣
ϧڿ֮ǰ⹬ŮҹҹˤһӣǰҲѲֻһ΢Ӥ

ŮûоκβӤҲû˴ߣǱչˡ
ӤٵѧҲ޲ֵĳˣڼÿһεճһֱûͣ
ֱһǰͻȻͣˡ
Ҳ󣬶ҲûЩõĳʳֲ赭ҲǲܹƫƫʱͻȻ˲һɽ

˲Ȼٵ£Ҳ˵ָһ˹һֱûġþô
˹£ưܣ׳ʳﲻóû˹£Щʳ벻ˡ
ʳ͹˶ȥǲĲķ裬ЩʳǱԽӣںж̣ˡ

СΪСĴڣ׼̤ԺӣԲڴһһСԱӶѡ
ҲʱСʼ͵͵ڰҶԣҲ˸ȥҡ
ôҲûֻĲˡ

֮ûɾΪŲ£ˣСʣһ˴Զû֪ĵطˡ
Ե֪ڵĺϲСȥֺ㣬Ūɳ׾ҲǾãһ֮аǻ˯ŵģȻ֮ǰСҲᵢôá
ʱţҲ߶֮ҡ



£㻹þó֮С
˵Ǳ¡ұ
ʱѾȫˣĹȻ˵ޣһЩѶϢָ̫ԡ
ǸʹŮ˺ӵˣĳλͨĻӣҲڳԷĳѫ߻׹ݡͨĻ׹ݺѫû취ֵڰãͨӻҲûʸ񣬻һؾЩꡣ

ҲûбҪô˸ŮˣҲȫûҪزȫԻһַʽȥֻӴΪ£Ϊ֪Ż˴¡
ǸÿͶĵ˭
ЩǡǡͶڶ£ʺԲ֮ʱ
৵һվ

ⲻܣұɲ²εˣҲɲ¡˵Ϊõ̫ӣĴӵŮˣ̫ҲǶʸݲһŮ
˵øԲϣ㻹ǲҪǰװŪֹƭңǴ߰ʵڲû˹ܣֹƭҡ

̫ԾҲ̫ˣҲԵЩ״Ρ
ĻȴƽĿʧ
к֤ݣ˵ֻƾһ֮ԣֻ˭Ա࣡ʱ㷴ҲƽˣƽĿȴ͸¶һ˿Σգھͼ˵ѡ

ȻһЦԶ̫ӵȷʵ£⹬Ůϲ⣬ǹֻ̫ӵµӣŮʱþعԷʱūҲɴŮĪǳײλˣ֮˵໰
ټ֮Уūòʱūв²⣬ڻ̻̲¶ū澲¶ˣڻ˶󣿺˲鹬ŮǷʵˣһλʹԼʮңüп긾ˣӦ֪˭

ƣ
üľһ롣ǸĸŮͬ޽һֱδ飬Ҳĸĸĸް˺Ҳˣ˵ѳˡ
ҹĸŮҲĹ¹ùãܶ˶֪ĳ࣬㵹ô֤ҧ
̾˿ū澻֤




155.  Сʺʮ壩   а

153

С, ﷭һúϵŵ塣
Ǻʮִ֣Ǽɴһɵ, ƺӵʮᶪ, Լʹĥˣ
ϵһ

˽֪, һ˲ֻл֮˿áצΪ, צΪ, ֻ֮лʵۺ̫ӿצ
һצ
е, ʱͬĻһ, ֻǴ˴磬ǳҹǰ, ūƲֻ֪࣬Ǹˡڰķдһ, ߺū澷ִ, Ū⻻˸һֱϵڰľϡ

˶, ֵ˵, һֱδ¶ǰ, ūûյ, Ӧýܴײū, , ֲף󷢴ȱ, ʲôĴ㣬ֻܰߣҲԺūǰԸ

˴ʱĻɰ
Ҳͬԣⳡⷢ˹ƣǵóˣȴĸʱ֣û￪
ὫŮ͵ǲ뺦˭֪Ůһӣ˭֪£ڰĺӣΨһĺˡ

̫ӱ֪£
Ӧǲ֪ģȻԸ񲻻ڴˡ
ĸ֮ԽǾ̫ϵһ۵㣬ǵʱƲ
ϾΪ̫ӣƷмΪҪڻʼҽԷһŮʹŮӣǷڱƣǱ¶Ϊ˹ڦһѱ

˵ÿ¾һЩֻǶºͶˡʱĸѾ˲ˣĸҲӣɱʱйһ裬Լ̫ܷס
㼸ĸǾѡܼΪܡ
ΪҲûżʵƺĸ飬ʱȨĽǺѷģöż֪̫ӻк󣬵ʱ־żҾѡ͵Ǳ
һв̤ٵĲǶżңӵҲ᲻

֪ô࣬Ϊ֮ǰ˵Ϊβң
ūһˣ˵˭ԷʹԶɶū˵ȴǲڸɽūҲ֮˰
˵ˣ˭Ҳţ˭Ҳš
Էͨһ޵Ϣ֪̺Ƕżˣɼ̺ʲôԸʲôƷ֪ʺҲû취ϵϣֲֻܿాš

˵û⺢ӣܿҪˣҲܴײ
û˵ЩʧЦ
ħˣ浽ֵز϶ţֻǸʱܾȫˣҪðա

ٴǴ֮СԼնţȻ϶ðټȻҲûЩ¡
ʱܴߣҵûȥȫ֮߻ָݣٽǰ

.

췢£ñս죬ҷ˭ܲסԼ졭
ʣµĻû˵ɰŪˣ֪ʲô˼
¹ش㾹˲׾һʱ֮ƺˣһ˶
٣̫һҴžͻ³̣ڴ֮ǰǾﱣ

һ£ͷӦǣӼ̫ͷģһͬ
¹ϵشұȻҪһָ֣ƾſͷ棬ֹܷ˽ԴϢϾ⹬Ŀڶ࣬˭֪˳Χû˼ӣʲô£ǽһӵĺ¡
ҪľǰĴãﲢȫĬĬš



صлȥ˻
ĺܿ졣
¸
ıЩ죬Ʒ˼ϲζϲֻ£ûж룬ֻϲ֮ϲ

ֻһ棬ұҪ˵ֱѰʥ˵£һװײƣ
ôʥϿɻɣȫЩеңȥֻӡ
óܼƵ˵˺ܶ໰

㼱ʲô˾ǣҲһʱᣬ˼ȫ˵
ʵڵȲˣʵԼһΣҲ֪ҲͰգ֪ʵڲٰѰֵطǱ֪ˣʲô⡭˱Ƥӵ£Ҳܰġ
Լ뷨ȥ㷽ֱװײƣһ˼ѵﲻײƵģ

ȷʵײƵģֻҡֻڹˣٱĴ¹ͬˡ˾ǻźüĿģǴӲϲֱ£ϲػصģɫģΪȫ
ˡ
ЦҲǹҡ

ȥˣ㻹еԥ
ȥɣʵһ¡
ȷʵǼ¡
Ȼ˿еĺ²һ˼Ҳûϸ˵ҴȥѺ󣬾ȥϪ

.

㲢֪ԻͬʱϪһ籩
籩Ժ
Ҫ£㾹һֱޣ
Ժڵأͷűĵ档
ʵڲ΢΢Ҳû뵽֮ǰǶݺﱾСڳɵʱͻȻôһ֮ǰ΢ֻͨ磬Իָߣû뵽³ϸĵأпϣʱ²ܡ

֪Ϊ粻˵
΢֪΢Ҳǲ֪΢ҽ
ʵ۵ˣ˵ԺһԵڵˡ
ϴҳһȴǿϧ֡
ȫ£ƫƫ⣬ǡǡ֮ǰ˶ûġ˲ֻ֪ʵ۲ѾãͻȻĲӣҲֱ˴ŭ

ʮְֻ΢΢ķ
ӵⴵķ磬˴ڵᣣһʱмȺħ֮״ͷ·һ꼴١
Ժ亹˳Ŷͷһ·֪ڵϾ۳һСˮ̲
Ľש棬һŨصīɫīɫһ͸Źĺڣˮ̲䣬ųصĺڣӳһƬӰ
۾ƬӰܿԼǼ⡣

ģͨͨš
ǰδеĿ졣
ԺĬĬһ٣ͷûκζ
̧ͷȥȴԹţˣˣҵǷʲôа裬ȻĻ

һˣһɱʵ˵úһһֵ˵

ȥ
ǡԺͷɴһ㣬æӵ˳ȥڼŲȣˤһӣģΪǱû⡣


ŵľ
޹ȥ봹ͷַĽʵͻȻȵ
һԲ˳ȥֱűϣֻʣ˽ʵһˡ

.

Ϫʵ۵ˣ˻ȥ
оģֻ̫ǵ֪´鲻ѣÿʵ鲻ѵʱϪĲˡ
һֱһǰˣȿﻹףæӭȥ

ٸݹǣ
һ׷üĵˣһɫۣͷڡ
üɫСȴΪ⻬𪣬һ˿ƶޣٲȻǴ˵еĺ׷ͯա

ǴĹʦԪӡ
ԪǸҰ۵֣ʵ۹Ϊ佲бΪʵ۽ûҲǧֻԪӼʦƳ̵۲࣬νǳ
ˣʵΪھ޽˵ۣΪĹʦȻڽ̲޹ϵýʵˣжôԪʦֵܶˡ
Է˱ˣϪռǸС

ֻԪӰ׷üһɷǣһ紵䷭֮ʣ
鲻ãֻɳܿˡ
ٴУԪȴǵݡ
񹦴ڼżбҲƶȥ
æϹϾذԪ˽ȥ




156.  Сʺʮ   ⣿

154

һҶƮձ, ͸ౣڣҴδݡע͸䡷
, ʵֱ
ͼԪ, һߴ󲽴˽

˵ǣ˵ķվҰ, һʱնãֻһ
Ϊ󣿡

ʵü, ǰ͸¶ĵ, ܴ, Ҳ̫, ¶ֳ֮ɫ
ԪӾš
һʵɳƵͳ
, ԭ㣬ͻʺһӡӣҲܱżҡһȡ

̫֮, ֮ʺް, ʹ, ˲Ҿ֮, ֮ѡ, ޹Ϊ֮, ӵټĽɽ, Żһеĥѡ
һʼʵ˵ü, δ䣬ȴڼԪһֱţδһ, ֻź΢΢ս

ޣΪԼܣʵվʤ죬ϣϣѵҪ޾ĥѣղܻңڣ
¿ɻǵԼΪ޵
ʵĿ¶ɣǴȻΪ˳ѡһз֮
¼ȻҪѣΪλҪŭ
ΪߣҲΪߣ˵Ҳ

ԳԡׯӡʵҲ˵ܵķӷţƽţ˵Ҳǽʵڸ̾ԼδôǸӣԲŻΪŭ
ԪӸЦȻ˵񹦴ɲԶա

棿
ȻԪףֵѵ»ƶ±ӣ·ӦٶȻͬһ㷲ӡԸܵѣ˵ԽԽˣͺ֮ǰĺڰѾԶ
ʵ־ɣϲֱһʱɫ֮ʣֱ̾Ϊֹ
֮ƽһյõѣȻ˵

ֻǡԪЩɡ
ֻʲô
Ԫӳɵӣʵ۵ᵽС
ƶ˵֮£ҵ䲻ŮɫɱʧԪаȻЩޣֲЩʧ񹦽ɣʱǶעǡ

ʵŨüϿϲŭ
Ԫӱûʲôȴ㷡
֪ʵʵа¡
Ϊԭʱ޷ãʹʵϣգ˶ŭͻȻԪ˵񹦴ɣһϲ񹦴ƫƫҪʱŮɫӰ

һһģ޳ڤڤ֮ȴ⡣
ýʵ۸֮̾ᵽһ˿żȻϲҲûٸԪӶ˵˵ͻȻ¡

.

ԪϪصռǸһʪ͸ĵۡ
УƳӿڷϣִȵĵͯΪӡ
ǰһ̽ο̵ðŰ̵ıɽӵɿȻȵǼµܡ

ʦ֣ôˣģ㲻ЪܵͷȥƳյʾͯˮһ۵÷¶ǣǴӺëﶼ͸̹
ЪƳԱԼǱԪĻʲôɫЪţѵҲЪţЪţ
ʱԪĻǰɷǣĵֻۣͯ£лʦ˵

ʦ֣⵽զˣ
ƳҲԣɦɦԴ
ͳֵ֣һϵɽһһͷİ׷ţҲԪС
طǹƴˡ

զˣ⵽ΪΰȥĶѵȥҡײƭЩֱɵʿ𸻻лʵǮôõӣôţҿɲߣƳҡͷźܿܡ
첻ǳԾ˯һ⣬һôޣڱǰΪѣ¶мԪһɸֵӣߣǲòߣɱ˵Ӧʲô̹Ǿ뿪᲻طˡ

˭ط
ȫĵطǴЩСҸʦֵܶ˶ԵõģЩ۵졣
ңڶŹʦͷߵﶼţԵɽ亣ζȵ¶
Ҫͷлʵۣлʵʦʱܾͳˣֱ˶

ҲߣҪߣҲߡ
ԪӿƤӣһ
Ϊߣɱǡɵ

ἰɵƳʶ˸飬ѹɤѵֳˣ
ɫʮѿѿлżۿɼľ֣·ǡɵɵҪĹ֡
ʦ㲻Ǹ˵ⶼǱҪŶѵ»ˣ

ʵԪӺƳʦֵܶˣҲǵһҡײƭˡһǰֻǴ꣬ΪʾԼġ¡ǰЩˣС֮ңҲǸط֡
ɺ֮ܺһ֮֮ȣ
ƽʱЩ˵ǰ꣬ʹǰͲס뿪¯ҲΪĺķѶӲûӲҲ𼸴ڣȻɻء

ɽʵ۲һЩ˽붼ʦֵܶˡҽȥûǾû¡
ûǵõˣȻ¯¯Сɵ
ôһȥҲë
Ҫ֪νġɵøֵʯƩˮɰ֮࣬Щܰ˳˵ԡ
ջۣٳɶ࣬ʵڽʵھۼʼֻ棬ʱ䳤ˣͽ͸

ʵһʼԪӶҲֻǵ̰ͼֱѼϼܣŻŹż¯Ǻʵ۳Գ⣬ǲ֪⡮ɵܶ˻⡣
ֲҸʵô˵һô˵˵֮ǰҡײƭֻ˵͸ŧʱҪųĶأɵǸŶġ
ÿ˳֮ʱ/嶼Ǵޱȵģɺʳ̫೾ͻۼܶء񹦾ڱƳЩأָӤʱĴ˵Ϳɰշ

˵ǹȻס˽ʵۣȷʵҲйżᵽЩ˵
ҲͲˣصȴǰ깬ﵮãһ±岼˶ֻ첻һǸ̥ȴһ
ǽʵ۵Ǵ֮˵ҲԪӿе֮ǰġĥѡ
һҪԲһο˵ԪӺƳʦֵܶƽΣԪӼǣŪĥѡ֮˵¶õ³ǵԴ

ʵʱԪӾˣʦƳһȥˣͻ벻£ʵҲ᲻ڵӡԪӺƳӴСһ𳤴Ϊǲ˵һֱϵڡ
ɷŽʵ۵ԣԪʶٲ˵ҪˡԪǹʦ벻˳ƽʱھУûٺһЩٹ˽ʣʺǵζʲôʮס
ǻʺʲô̥ǰ¶ᱻʹʵǣʺ󡢷ҡҲǡ

ʦ㲻˵ñ񹦴֮ǰҪŮɫ
֪»᲻ЩҲûͱ˵ŮɫҪٽɱǲŮɫ֮١˾ģʹԪǸõˡҲǸˣ̫˵ıˡ
ǲͣ˵öôԴǣŮɫ棬ԣȻҲϥӢڣ֮˵ˡ

ο˻ǻʵۣԵǺ󹬼ǧ
ҪǣԪʮʵ޵ıĻǸʵۡ
һʵΪνĴ֣νĽɽʲô£һ֮Ծס
ٴˣߣϾ͵ߣԪԽԽ

˭֪Ƴȴ벻ģ
ʦô˵꣬ߣϾߵģһЩ²ˣǴ뿪ģ׼ˣһȥȢϱΪëҴڽӴǶ׼߰ɡ




157.  Сʺʮߣ   ˳

155

ǵ, ԪӺƳӿѾ߰ʮˣʵ˲ʮͷ
˱ǹ¶ǵʦ, ҲһҰ۵, Сڵг
۵شƫƧƽʱҲûʲô, ֻмǵʦܹˡ
ȵǵʦ, ˾ͳûˡ
ǵ, ЩԽϡ, ʳ, ֻı·

ʵЩǸϵʿΪ, ûٸɡ˵ҡײƭЩˣ˿ˮ棬㷨ʲôġ
۵شƫƧ, ȻŪǮ٣ټϸ˶۵˶֪֪, ܻܶ, ϵҲһڱ, ֮¶ֻȥطı

˵ı, ʵҲҡײƭ
˵Щ, ټ˳ˡƭͷ, Ǳһʰ
ʮ, ˵ƭԽԽտΪ˸Լһиɻ˻ƭǮ, ȥƾɵ۸ˡ

ʦˣ𻯳ɣǾ˵ĵӣΪ
ⲻ֪ǵİ׷üȾģƭʱĳżȻõһȾϡ

Ԫڵ֪һȾϵԺ󣬾֪ǵĻԵˡ֮󣬶Եõ˵ƭбʶƣ˻ʹ
ʲô׷ͯգ
׷Ⱦģͯղ˻ûϣⱣˡ

˵Ҳܾôˣ֮Ī˱£Ҷ˿ҵϸϸһٲһɣ㣬Щֳʲôʱʰ̯ӡ
ƳһЦӦ£ûȥǾֻ֪ˡ

.

ϵòɣûмʵۡ
˵úͨ͸˵Ǳ½鲻䣬Щʱ
Ϊ˴£Ȼڽʵ鲻ѵʱùͷֻλȥ

ȥûߣƺڵϢ
Ѵ˵£һʹ뿪ˣ˾໹в¡
ҪҪ֪żҺͶ
֮ǰһʱ֮£ʹȥҽʵ˵£ʱʵۣ͸ÿǲǸ߶żҺͶ
öҲͰգ׸һ㣬Ƕż֪̫к󣬶ʮָˡ

ǵ˺˵
Ҳû˵ʲô뿪ˡ
˳лһ·ߣ߹Ʒбˡ
Ǹģͷʮ̫ͨࡣ

˸˵˼仰֮Ҵȥ
Ųתߡ

.

һֱڶٽʱϪͻȻˣ˵ǽʵȥ
ʵ۸ճһʱʲôҲûһֱڴЩʳ˵ʺǰʲô£Ҳûȥ㡣
˿̵Ľʵһ֮ǰŭģʵٻǰ¶ʱϲŭɫ

к£
˺ܶʱ򣬶һʱ侲ϸϸ˼ܻƽܶ಻Ҫͺڣ½ʵԼĹºɣҲ²ԸΪСҪһݣǲܰСߡ
뷨УСߵģȻС¿һˣѵȥס
Ϊ̫ΨһãǸкƽʱ϶Ӱ첻ʲôλδ˻롣

ʱȻﻢ£ЩǱҪģͷͷһֱ˵һ㡣
Ͱ˵ˣһ䲻ԭֱ˵
󣬽ʵĬ
֪ַ˺εȵľκˡ

Ȼ֪һЩľ£ɽʵ֪⹬˵ʲôס
䲻֪ǸӵĴڣϾǰʺסʲô£ԶԷסģһʵ۾꣬ҲСǰһ죬Է﷢һ¡

ʱ̫ӲʮͷǸԷâʱָմûãνĿ
ʱռʹ뾩ʵ۱ԷдλʹдʹҹϣһЩСӡ
ʵʹڣܶ൱ʱڳ˶֪ʲô£ֻ֪ƺʲô£ֻм֪飬ȴڲҶᡣʵ۵֪̫йأѯʹǰʺǰʺ˵ްûʲô£ûʣºǰʺһˡ

ǰڣƺ¶ܴˡ
˵㴦²ҲĸʵĬĬ

ͬʱʺȥ֮ǰ
ʱ̫ްͻʺĹϵ˱㣬ʺز֮ﻹԹԹ⹬̫죬ڶ˴
ʱҲ׹ˣΪʱְھ潩Ӳϴ

ʵڽʵۻΪԼˣʱڹ룬ֻһӦģվһ׵ϣԵѪ顣
ʺԹʱԹ֮ǰһֱԸֱǴ˵ŮΪ顣

ǷҺһʶģϣܴӦ
в

ʱʵ۴ŭɿɫ԰׵ģ֪ô뵽޸Լʱӣ뵽ЩεΣ뵽˺ܶ¡
ѵûнŭйͷˡ

³ٰ꣬
˵⻰ʱʺ͸һɹ⣬һɽʵ۴δĹ⣬ʱҲû룬ֻʺԸˣﻹЩˡȻʺ˵Լʱ޶࣬ʵţܾûʺ󲻻

û
ޣĻʺɸȻһ롣
û뵽ǣֻһ죬ʹʺް˵Ϣ

ʱڸʺɥǣʵۿի֪ô˻ʺǹɹ⡣
ʱһֱûףʱƺͻȻˡ
ڳͷޣ



ʵһӾή
ǰһֱϵģ߸ϵģͺӲڴǰۣΪʵ۱Ҫ֤ʵ۵Ϻ档ǰһֱע̬Ӳձһļˡ
ļˣƺЩͷۣƺ˼ʲô

һȴЩĪﻹѵ²С
֪ȥ˶ãʵֱʵôǸӣ
̧ͷһۣܾýʵƺͻȻͱʮֲϣ̬֣ԼĴ󣬵檾ף޸ĸڹҲͳһˣȰߡ

Ϊ˵ʵֲۣСڰֵطЩطǸĺͯһģ檾ȰߣһȹٴһЩǾŲˣٰŲ
˵⹬һˣʲô

ûʵۻôʣʵһ㶡
ʵѪԵ㣬Сͽʵ۵ĹϵҪһЩϾ游֮ǰû뵽ʵۣҲǽʵ䵭ҲûŮɴû˭࿴
ýʵз𵭵Ц⣬˰֣ˣ޲㣬˵ȥȥǺӣȶúˣȥл
л¡

.

һֱϪ㻹Щš
¾ôˣ
Ȼ֮ǰҲûʲôѣСȥҪЩ˼û뵽ס

ڽʵΪҪȥǺӣ˵ʲôúٸ͹ȥϾǻʼѪҪȷϣǽƾһ֮ԡ
ʵۼȻô˵ˣ˵ѾȷǺӾ̫ӵãȷϵģ㲻֪ӦԵɡȻʵ۶ȷˣִӦˣһЩȻ

ӵһԾŶһ棬ʵһֱòʵ۰Ѹ٣ڶ磬Сͱ͵˳л
ͬʱǰ̫ӻкõ飬ҲԷ




158.  Сʺʮˣ   ĸǽйĸ

156

ֱһʯǧˡ
д, ˵ڻʺţлܿͱ̤ż
ͽȻʵǰֻ밲ʺΪ, ֱ߽˵, ⳯Ϯô⺢ӵ, ̫ôŻеãӵأ
ָ⡣

Ȼ̫
̫Ƕ, ظһ֮ǰڽʵǽġ¡, Ž˵ɻ

˵, ȴԷع, ͸뺡
򵥵һ仰˺ü˼
֮ǰ֪, ¶ûʣҲ̫ˣ¶˵Ҫ, ˵Ѫȷϣɵٵʡ

һʱ, ̬
̫Ĩ, οǴ, £̫ǺӸ, һ뵽۲, ˰, Ҳ쿪ˣ, 쵽ĸĸúÿ㡣

ԥؿ㡣
ͷ˹ȥ
̫, ϧѣһҲʮִȤ˵ɣ˵̫ӣһʱ֮ʮ֡
֮ʣиͻȻ⺢ӻͦ٣ƺЩ

ﰲһ˲
ʵ˶ܿ쳣⺢̫Ĭˣ֮ǰʱ̫밲ʱˣ֮һԲ
ֱܿ˵˵Ͼ˭ʺ

ӴСڰֵطҲصڰùؼ꣬Ҳ١̫ü۲̧Цӯӯص
һ£Ц
̫˵ǣǳ檷ɵˡ

̫󻰲Ц˵ģڴȤ̫ʲôˣɴᡮʧԡʧԣǱȻĿĵġ
ķͷƺЩ̫ۡﰵš

һɢȥ̫
ǰ˺ǴͰ˵̬أιùһϢҲû˵
˵ʵ۵ڴʲô⣿
˶٣ֵ̫λ´˼Ҳ࣬´Ӳν֮¡˵ʺи̫ȥ˾࣬ĵĿأ

ιùôȷʵôˣ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
˾ǲ岻֣Ӧܿʵڸʺ档΢£ֵ̫»ֹ棬µĺŵ˻ʵۣöżһʺڸʺ׼ء
˵˾ڵʱ򲻻㣬ˣֻ˵Ķļϵģû࿴һۡ

ֻιùĸҲ졣
̫˵ˣʵָǽʵۣȻʡֻĹˣＫֻ֪е껹ǻ֪Щ

ð˵֮ǰʺжΣǰۿʺڵϦαҪɻʺǲԵݡзⲽֱǻУǵûŪԼ
ҲãҳУʵô˶ֻ˶ʵ൱ڷ˹һϵ۰򣬷ҵĻӲӣбһӵĳͷ֮գֻͻȻðǰ̫֮ӡ

˵ˣ̫ǼɵĻйһ
ǰǣȻ

.

Ҳϲ
ȥ·ϣСͻȻ˵
Ҳϲ
ΪλҪ
΢

Ƭ̺Щȥȴֲòȥ顣
ȻǾͲҪȥҪǲϲԸһȥСĻȥָǻصڰǴԺ䣬ص򷿼еС

ʵ㿴óС󣬺ֹǲϲ̫Ƕлʮֲϰߡ
ϲ̫ˣҲϲ˵˵ЩĹغڡ
ǵ񶼺ᣬҲϲ̫˶ҿǿ˵Ҳ֣͵͵ģһȥǣֶҿˡСԹ

̾˿ͣ½Ų
û취չ㣬Ȼ̫ҽˣ̫»˶ãиңԺҪһӣ±Ҳͬˡ
֪㲻ϲЩˣʵҲϲҷ˵кܶ಻ѣû취ܣֻȥЭҲֻǲܰȻȥ

˼˵ϲƫƫҪװϲ𣿡˭˵СţʵҲܴ
ȻǣҡҡͷǵЭֻΪδӸã㲻ԶڰãҪˡ顢ԺɼҡӡҵЩҪġҲܸȥΪǻʺԼ뵣Ρ

ҵʲô
һ㶺ʧЦڻСʲôΣԺ󳤴ˣͻԼΡ
Ҫ󣿡
룺ʮԺɣʮˣʮӹڣ
ǲҳ󣬾ʲô͸ʲôˣ

Сӣôɰ
⻰Ǳ壬ôãǰҲ棬Ǽܺõ£ֻﲻڡ

ڲҪô࣬Ժ󳤴˵ҪǶԶ壬úó󣬺úö顭
ǣС֣һһѭѭա
Ҿһ㶼

ôС֪ʲôǿ
ҵȻ֪ÿȥʱͺܿˣҸýʲôļŮΪҸýʲôǰ˵Ҹýĸ˵Ӧýĸҵ׸ýʲô

ͷ⵹Ǹ⡣

.

գڳƺ£㻹ѡˡ
ʵùĸʣƫƫｲأ֣Сˣǰĸ˺ǽйĸɡ
Ϊ£Сʡ
Ϊ˽Щʣûٽʾ֭һʶСС⣬͵ĺͯﶼпգܻиָʡ
ǰ漸ӣȻ֪Ӿ͵ģġ

Ľ£Сһû˳졣
ͺͻȻֶ˸ӣҲͻȻ£ӰʳסУɿʼѧʶ֡
ʱΪС̫ϰ߸İ˵ദԼ޵ģÿһЩС£Ȼʶ֡

ڼ䣬ֻˡ
׳ôЩӣ;ƿݣԸˣʱ㰲ꡣ
Сò׿ЩͻȻһӾͳĬˣǳۣƬ̲
ΪЩ淢¶ЩӣЩ˭˭˳ͻ˭ʲô˭ķͷָǹ˭ҪӳЩŻ֪Ϣ

ʱ£Էһھع
µĵطµˣٶС˵ˡڲҪѧŶʶ֣ѧһЩĹأæҲæ
ڼΣ˵һЩ˾£Щ㲢İΪǰʱҲ

Ǳϲǣǰֻ˵Щõ£ԼܵΣȴᡣ
תע˲ȥĴʲôᰲŵ׵ʲô룬ʲôҲ

⣬㷴Ӧġ
ȴҲֻһȫСϣȷʵһЩҲֻܱ֤ԼһĶֵϣ˵㣬ټϺ󹬣ǰһЩȷʵû취ҲЩϵʲôġ

ҿǻжżңж
֪ͶżҼϵУ̫һЩ¡
żǱߣ֪̫ӻú󣬶һӾ
ȻҲ˵ǰڻجգΪȼԲһЩӣԶ볯á֮ǰĴҲöżҡöܱκǷǡ
Сĳ֣ԸעһɾҲԸıһЩ

Щıżҡڡ
֪ڸʲôҲ֪ǵĴ㣬ʵûֻû˵֪ףҲ֪뷨ʹ㡣
ʱڳΣܲܳ˭Ҳ֪ôڣͺһȷķ

˲ǣƺʵҲڴٳ㡣
˵ģû취˵ֻ˵һָо㽥ҲָоС
кƺҲͲٵĴˡ

ʱһ¡
ʦԪӾʦƳһͬʧˡ




159.  Сʺʮţ   񱻶

157

Ϊκйϵ˼˵, Ժһͬˣ
ԥ£˵ͷ
ǰɡ
Ľ£ȥ

»Ҫ˵֮ǰ, Ժʹ, ߽ʵۻʺʱû취¡
ʱʵ۴ŭûǨŭԺ, ֮ԪӵĵԼԪΪԱ˵һЩ, ýʵʱ֮ǰĴ㡣
񲢲֪, ֻ֪ԪȰס˽ʵ, ԪΪȰסʵۣûв͸ǽ, º˼գо·̫ȥʵ밲

·Ϊޡڶֺŵĵط, Žʵ۽زŮɫ󣬾ͱͥ䡣
ͥ䣬طû, ̫Ҳļ˶ԼĲ, ΨǾǰ衣
ǰ, ǰ, 赱˵ɰˡ
ټϹ߲ȵ, ǰûڸ, ˶һ, ·̫Ǿļ, ץ
˵㲦ʲôǸʲôġ

ֱһԾˣ
·Ǹʲôģרܻʵ, ʵ׷Ůɫɺٻǹÿ˶رļܡ
ǰ·ÿ춼ͻʵ۴򽻵ÿ첻ˣȥӸǰˢڸУҲû˸ţϾǹϵɽ𢡢ڼҷܻ֮¡
ñôָ࣬ǰķ⣬зҲǲС£µĹߵˣչʾ¡·˻ûܳءҲǲɡ

УڹʦȰʵ񹦴֮ǰҪŮɫ֮£ô·֪ˡ
Ȿ̫֮Ŀ࣬·˶֪ˣϢȻ¡
˲룬ɻ񡪡
֮ǰЭͬԺһ治£ź뷨һݣôԪӾôɵ⣿

ôһ仰ɺϾ˵졣
Ԫʦֵܶիʲô⳼ǲɲ˲֪˷һЩ£ֻҪеģֻܿû˸˵
Щ֪ԺҲ֪֮ǰΪƾЩ治֮˵ԺΪ

мһ
¸Ժ
ʵ֮Ի¸ԺΪ˰Է
֮ǰ˵Ժʵܡظ˵ظǵ˶߱һʣƩҾƩؾʦ

µˣز׸֮¾Ǿ
ָǾӡ
Զ˾أǾ˺ʦҪںͷ
֮ܡʹԺܴԭԺҾ֮ġ

ԺΪ̫ҽԺԺŻʵۡʺ̫ҽҩ֮£Ҫ֪̫ҽԺֻΪ忴βǵճиӣеż¼л״ÿﶼ¼ҽҲ׳Ƶ
ˣ˵ǻʵۡ
̫ҽԺҽ׷ݵģһ㲻κ£ֶһֱġ

֪⹬û˱Ժʵ۵״Ҳû˱ԺԴʲӡɵ쳣
ʵ鷢֮ʼԺտʼע⵽ʵ巢ʱԹȴʹ⣬ûչٿͷԺͼɻĪտҲ֮£ɲ᲻û

ԺǺԪʦֵܶ˵ġ
ʲôʦ

ֻ⻰˵Ҳ˵

ԺŸΪҾ֮ģȥνġ۾֮ⲻ۾Ϊ˾ãΪ˽ɽ𢣬Ϊ˳͢ð踡
ĸðƾһɡһҾҪж֧š

ôõĻǰֻҪ½һԺͬ飬ܼԺеǹɡȡֱ׳Ժڽʵǰ©ףԺǻʲôҪõԷ
ʵҪΪߡ

ֻû뵽ǣƺ̼ͷԺ̼ܶ춼ʮŭǰʹԪӶˣռˣڽʵǰʧơ
ǰԺ붼ô룬ɾǴ֮ʶ˲򵥣
öԷ˵а취

Ϊˣĥʮ죬ϧ֮֮顣ҲǽЩҾĴ޵Խʵ۵Ӱ죬ԼԽɽӰȵȡ
ƺ϶һа취î㾢¹
գ˵ˡ

ǲеգ̲ס
νĳգҲ˵ɵһȵȡ
ʧЦǳգڶҡ
㣿

.

ԣԺڶ
ʼûãԺաùͷԺɲˣȻԺλôܱ꣬Լ
ʱʶԺڶ

Ժ֣뵽ܶࡣ
һ̫ܾΪҾΪ˾Լ͸ð֮踵£ʵף¸ʺйأǲǻʺԸг裿¶żҿ֪֪ǻʺԼ˼
ʲô˼Ժʶһ¡гѰԹƶۻ

Ҳֻжۻ𣬲Ǹ֡
ټ֮ǰġǱΪ顯˱϶Ľʵ壬ݺ
ġǼ٣Ժǡ桯ˣȻˣбʵĺ
Ժˡ

ǰ˾ҶԸԪӶˣұҲܶԸ
ǿʺżҡġҲ֮ǰǱΪ顯Ϊý飬ǿҲ¡
ԺɵܴʵҲǣһ̫ܵҽԺԺ

һк󣬳˿ЦҲֻܿЦ
Ҳһˣһ֡ıԸû취ֻܾܴӦΪԺ뷨ӡ



ķԺ˵ʲôùܡ
ҲԼֶЩӡԺҧʲô鶼ûᣬô˵ô
ʵҲûʲôԺڸʵƽʱһʵ۽ݵҩ

ʵжһֱãû֪Ժ֪
ֻǽʵۻҽɼԺֲϸӣҲǲҡĻڽʵǰһϷ֮ǰӣĽ̵ԺԼҾ֮ģԼΪ˽ɽΪգԼжˣ˵ŻѪŵķӣһҪԡ

Ժܼһʵ۲ײӵľȻģ
ʵ۹Ȼжˡ

ȻвΪȻϻҪԵġһܱ䣬ҪݣҪȣҪ˰ٴ˴󡣶ҽʵҲţЧ֤ϵĶȷʵŶԺ˵жԺԺҲôŻѪˡ
Ǹ

߽ʵŷӣǱ˸֣˼̫Ԫǰ˵©졣
֪£֪ǱԺǶ

ٿիơÿ춼̫ԡʵ۵ĴǶԼգ죬ΪԺ˵գЧʵ۾ʹ㰴˵ҲõʱԺǰǷ˵
֪ЩԪиֱͱˡ

ҲͰգԪ֮ʣȻ˰ɱ
ֹһΣ
һҹ˳ֵԪӴͷͻȻ˹ˡǰҹԪģģûܿǴƺ̫ѡ

ڴˣԪӾɲûš
֮ʣɱֲڶĲﾹȻ˶µǺ׶죬Ҳ/˪
Ҫ˵ĶԪӿܻʶɺ׶ʯģⶫ֮ʼʿʱġϡЩԪĵûǧ¯Ҳм¯ˣгɵģҲûɵģ̫Ϥֶζˣǲսڣͱ˳




160.  Сʺʮ   ᶽ

158

ûȽȥ, Ԫȴ˵ӡ
Ҫ֪ڹдҩɲףܼдһ, ǵ˭
Ǹҹƴ̫ɱ, ٽϽʵ⼸յĶԪƺʲô
Ƴˡ



ôˣôǲеɵʥɱ, ðɱֶΣ
Ҫ֪˼ˣͨϲ˼, ܾñ°, ԼĴ, ϲô, ԲŻᰵɱ

ؿһۣǲΪҲ˼ˣԲô˽Ԫˣ
Ц˵ʲôʲô
Ǿôˣе̾
Ȼᡣ
Ǿǻģ, Ȥ

.

ʵҲǣȻ֪ôܷԪʦֵܶ˰Ȼȥ
Ԫӻ, Ҳǲܲ˾ܵģµĻ, ˵инյͻƹؿ, ʱ, ͻƳɹͻ

ûн⻰ֱӸ߽ʵ, ʧ, ˼սʵûҵ, 鷿ĳ﷢顣
ָԪӶȡ˼ʱ, ʵпܷȥͻơȴĹҲ˵ҲԪΪԼµ֡

˵Ԫӻˡ
, ʵ۵ʱֻʧЦùʦδ̫УεͻƾżҪ뿪ǣ
ʧЦ֮࣬ʵҲûģֻ뿴ڻʹȷʵӰԼСǰԪӾ˵޵ҪڳвУŹǾǲʺͻƣʦҪ롣

û뵽Ԫӻ͵ܡڽʵ˵Ԫʦֵܶ˼ΪȻȥԪӻܡ
ƫƫԪӾˣһܣɡ
Ȼͷû˵ܵˡ



ʵ˼պ󣬽ʵ۾ԽԽԡ
Ԫӻ͵ܣԽǾòԶѡ
ʵ˼㽨¼Ȼǹʦʦס֮Щʦδ飬˴ǰҰ֮أײھ֮СһʦµԼȻм㣬պ󹦳ɻع飬Ҳܾ۲ࡣ

ǵģҲڽʵ˵ϼ仰ˣǽ֮ʡ
νˣҲż²ʱ䣬Ļǵǹ֪˾Ľ⹫
֪λ⹫ǡ¹󡯣ĵñ³š

ʵ۾˵
ʵĻغģǰ涼Ƿϻһǡסʵĵ㡣ʵһ뵽ĸԼ񹦣ĻвͬģҲʲô£ͷʥͣð˰ӼٶԪӶ漮

Ԫгһ֪Ұջ¶ԼмһҲ©
˵Ծˣ󲻻磬ҹС
˵ͨȻЩٷԺΪҪص漮Ƨĵط桢լԺǾЩƲԼˣڷˣԺȡ
ͦνģ˶Ӳ

ԪҲû֪ı죬벻ֻ֪ʱ϶ܻȥȻͶ켸꣬Ժͷٻȥ
˵˵۽͸֣Լĵ̺ͷչԪҲ˲ĹʦʵǸĴҡײƭĵʿ

ʵ۷˰˰Ӽõعٸʹ͸ԪӣԽԽã˵ʦǰŵĶ;ϧɹȥ˸ûԪӣǴ۵ĵʿʦû顣
ʱ䣬·ôҲõˣѵ·ϵˣ
Ϣǣʵȡ

һǼչȥ˵ԪˣʿëûţʵʶԣؾŻľָʹ˾飬ʦгͬʱȥͨݡ
ͨ˺ӣͨ˴Ԫ뿪صأȻҪͨͨݡ
Ϣʹ˻ͨǱû˼Ԫӵټⶼû˿ǡ

ѵ˵Ԫӻûǣ
Բ
ǾԪӻɣóԶУ
ⲻǺ

ʵ۵ȥ顣
շֱʵջˡ
֪Ϊνʵջ˳ǸΪ˰в̽¾ɸΪˣʵۻᶽζǰ˼ϰ

.

˵Ҳֶѡ
Ҳ缫һʱͷѹȴⱻ
ԭ֮һȻΪ̫ŪóҰĻ̻̣ȺߣȻʼǡиԭͶظˣ֮Ի齨ΪҪƺⶫҪƺⶫʱҲͲҪˡ

˾ʵᶽǴȨתΪʵȨɡ
ͬʱժǰ˼ӡ
ǰ˼齨ģΪïû齨¹򣬶еҪУûҲҪУû£˲֪ˣ˭֪Լλûûȣͱ˸ȥ

ֳ³ǧٻһˣưࡢ˾ǡ۵ȣֱڻʵۣͶƣڰʵ۰µĻóľͼ֮ĻҪ˽°졯½ٺʲ

⻹ٺ󣬵һΪʥϰ£¸ܡ
Ҳˣɻıǿս齨ɣ˶ǸȻųʲôġ

ټǰ˼ʧƺ󣬱ʱڸ齨ɣͻȻ˱˺±ǣ˺»˴գ˭֪һ壬ᶽٲȻһλʥ죬˽ǴϲȻˡ
һһģȻ½˳

˰жԪӶˣѾܵǧ֮ңɱ˻
ʱԪӶڴϣҪ

ԪӴʦװ뿪Ǻ˼üڴȫ֮ǰҲлʦʱʶһӶḷ́ԴǮ潨ʵ۰ӣǺ̲ͬϱͬ
ֻϧƵλֻ̣Ϊ˽ԼȻֱɲҲ̵֪ܵĶǵֽ߹ġ
ǰ̣˺Ͼǵ

Ǻ̿ʼȷʵԪӻȥˣʵ۰£³̵֮ͷĸʼҰֻϵʿ
ټ϶μ죬һزء±֪ݵӣ̰о죬Ȼһթ֮󣬴Ӻ˵Ƴӿе֪ǵ˻ʵۣǰȥʵ۰£ȥҲ

ǲǵ˻ʵۣ⺣̲ӣ˵ҲνԪӶЩ˺ܴһӡܶϾȥ˶ҲóԺȻãҲʳ¶
ڴǻЯƱ˺ȴûʲôƱȻҪһɽԪΪЯʮ˸ߵĴľ䣬ľ䲻أ˲ܰᶯܵûݣһģⲻŵķ

һ֮£˺̵ĴԪӶҲ˴ȴԽݡ
˼ҪҾʹ˳ҲسŵֻǰɲУЩ͵ˡ
̹ЦȥԪӶҡǱ

Žգ󴬲ֻʣ¶ˡλںײĲշ겻⣬ɢŨùζ
㺦ң㺦ң㺦ⷬأԪӶƳһȭߣŴ˵ϡ

Ƴӱףһ£ٵ£ԷˣƽڵһҲ
ҲǹģⲻǳԶ˾ƣһС˵©졣
ԪЦÿζռ̯ӣδζǲ̯Ӳʰˣָߵ;˲ºι㣡

ƳɥԪڽô
֪֪ͲˣƳӴŴſǻ˵ҲߣҪߣ㲻Լߣôҡ˵ɱ㣬˵㷸֢ҪԼߵˣʲôһû˵㺦ء




161.  Сʺʮһ   

159

Ԫӱ, ֱ£˵ˡ
෴ƳԽ˵Խоշʵ徹ӵϷˡ
㺦, ڷ˵Һ, Ϊʦ֣ҾͲһ, ҡ


Ԫһ˻𣬴ӵ, ȫ͵ĽýƳӡ
˾, һ, Ҵ㡭
ʦʲôٴһˡ

红ͯһŤһ, Ƴǽв, Ԫħһ㡣
Ƴ̲סˣؾһѹѹԪϡԪȫ, ѹƵѪȥ˺Է

滹ˡ
㻹һ֣㻹һ֡
ҿ滹ˡ

.

ʱ, һ̱ڲշ, ѾǶδԱ, ɢһζ, ûгࡣ
㻹ʦ֣㾹Ȼʦֵķ
ⲻʦ˶, ޷, űܱȶ, ˡ

촽ţҪյܽĵط˵ʲôķۻ˾ǱҪҵĹʦ˴սⷬ, ֿǲ۵ĵۡ
ҵˡ

΢΢ףʾǰȷݡ
ǰų˴ӵ
һֱֵطּΪȣԪӶ˲Ѭ죬ͷɢΪδȾˣ˵ĺͷͳ˳ͷǺڵģطǰ׵ģΪ졣

Ȼǣ
ʱ˻ʲô׵ģʿȻ۾ϣҲ˿˵Ϊơ
ߣʲôµȻؾ˵
ǡ

һ˺ܿͻصװϡ
ˮĺ̴յǰͷЦˣˣСһʼҲǱƭˣֲԾͰ˻ؾţ治С¶
ƤӶûһаɣ㽫ˣֻ֪أסԼ졣
һ⻰ˮϲ⣬ͷȻȻ˷ģ

һ˴
ϣˮۿǺɫ£һ۵Ľɫһһε˴ȥԽ۾еԽܡ
ϴαغЩӵоͶɵϾͳˡһӴ

ˮ˶ԷһƣſڱտڶǸɵ½ϣںϣẠ̊́Ǻ˭ɵûµķ
˵Щǡŵòûͷ
ȻǸ⼸û½ܣھǴĶ࣬Ȼ֪ζʲô

ˣĻȥЩ˰Ǽȥ˵ʿĶ
ϴãʮֲ죬Ҫ֪ϴΪЩûٷôȥˣ
ͣôϻԺǲҲˣһֱںƮš

ҲǣֻܲʲԸȥɻɵ׻ۡ
һ뵽ôӷˣϴۡ

ˮȻ᲻ãϧ
ûץסУȻԴϣ˭뵽ǰŸ¾ʿˣžš
еģǰʮأϾÿһĻֵƣߺ·ȻҲ±˸ˣ˭֪ô׾ͱţ˼һ֪ʲô

ټϺһϵ¡
ˮʵǹϷģɺҲ溦£¶ԷºᷭԼڡ
ֻҪһ뵽д۸ӵĸϵͲЩԲ֪ģƫƫײˣҲԹ̰ģǿǵʿݺĺôҲᡭ

˵ʲôˣ˳ȥٻǲϰˣȱܱܷͷ˵



ôŹЩˣٻͷһۣһĨʡ
⴬ɲСЩ꣬źó׵ķչ˲֪ǶǸ͡
ٻ֮ǰǽˣǳųˮֱ࣬˰ͽᣬָ͵졣ʱλõкü˴վҲ

ֻǸٻǸų£˵׷ˣȻ˵ʲô
ҲǲϾôᡣ
ٻЩ̾Ǹ̾ôᶼᶽˣҲǸ̾ġ¡ôõĻᣬôķ

ʵ֪ܲٻʲôէȻҪ¡
²Сؾ󻹲ʲô˽֦߱˵ü۲
ԣٻһ亹
ۺмؿµл㡣
΢ӣ˵ˮǸˡ

˵ţһŲ
ˣǶ˵⼸λϴģ
ٻĿһ˸
ټ󼸸ӱϳٻسޣȻ񣡡

ʲô񣬲⻰Ҳٻ˵ֻǷԸ΢ֵǱգ֮ЩҪȥǾ仰˽֦
ǡ

.

ԪӶ˱ͻ˾Ͻʵˡ
ġ
ʵ۾档
ڳûˣڰĽʵۺ죬ȥļˡ

ԪӴƹˤˣԭԭˣʵҲûã֮ǰƱֱ˸Ӹ
ڿ徵˵ͷԪӾͷ

ǽϲŵĻžը죬Ѿյĩˣֽ͵ƻȻ㹻һֻ֧հʱѾ˼ˡ
ηϢľ
˶ձȴû˸Ҷ

ֻΪҲηΨһܹŵģϾ˹ʰѷּ¼µĿڹճһȥ˿
η⣬һˣʵ۾֪ʱȥˡ
ת˻¶һĨЦ
ɢ˰ɡ

ˣ
۾㶼¶ظЦݣһţȻһ˵ϡ
ûЦֻڳ˲ǾΣԪ˵Щͺһѵͷϣʱ̵ĵ
ʲȻаʲĺôɱ׶ҲԶ׼Ǿǲ֪ʲôʱ֪˲Լ֪£˶¶ˣȻȫˣϾҪӦ˶

ǳ򶨣Ӣ۳꣡
ٻһ㶼⻰ҲǴ˵ģϾŵ亹ֱð
˶ЦΨЩ̾

Ҳ֪ܲܰ̾
ع

Ǵ֮ԪһֱûʦƳӣ˶ֻûһ
ʵǣһֱûʲôֻѾղˣ˭ҲӶˡ
ܶ˶ΪǱչ񹦣ֻЩ֪Ժիܵڡ

ʵ۲ˡ
˵岡˵ҲڵǸزҲĲ˰ɡ

.

һξ¹ȥˣûʲô£ƺ˺ܶ࣬㻹רԼĺӣֻƺæµˡ
˾Ǳߣïһֱûʲô
󣬹кܶ˶ʰ֮ǰǰ˼õӣ˾ïһֱûжǰ¶ʱҲԽԽˡ

˶֪ʵ۲ˣˣ˵Ҳʲô󲡣ֻƽֲ²ָԳš
ٴμʵۣǶǰ졣
ʵ۱ںڵͷͻȻͱûҰףҲݵ׸ɸ߸ϣЦóƺʧȥĳ־񾢶

еú˳Ȼŷʱ侹ֹȥһꡣ
ԽԽˣĵˣ̿ҹͣЪһͱþ뵡ҿСʱҲѴ򷢡

ֻСڲÿ춼аյʱȥѧ㱾Ԥǹ˶죬꿪СʦɣڱǰˣģȴǽʵµģֻǰΪǻʺԼ޵ġ




162.  Сʺʮ   

160

ӾСÿѧһȥ
һ괺, ڽʵ۸ϼվͻСȥһˣʼʮһˣĳ, ڸͻᱻйȥ

, ҲˣƺС
и춯, Ρ
һСߵĹ߶һСˮΪý, ټв, ζоա

ƺСһ, ƺֻ, ǲֻҪǹ˶֪ô⣬ܶ˶Ϊһû

ܿ, йһıˡ
һƷùٱᣬż٣һȴȥˮ, һץס⡣
Ҳճʱ, Ϊ, ɽӶ, ϡ˾ֱ, ٲ֪ô¸ðϹôꡣ
Ծйı, һ㶼ػ, ֱ˵, һ˿ص˼ޡ

ٿ˾λı̫࣬˴ݺѪ̣ҺżҲʲô
żҲͰ, ٲ֦λҲߣֻн׹Աû˵ҾͲһˣһƷùܳһ壬˼һӻ־жһ۰ҿνԪˡ

⼸Цˣڴ㣬ҲƤЦⲻЦвŵӰ˭ܿߡ
ɿڹֺˣ˼Ҿ͸ǰ󹬺ǰܶʱศɵģλݵֵزʵ۵ĳ谮˵Ȼãܳǵĳ˶ӣǰ

εĴҲӰ쵽ӰǱڵģʱ壬Ҫ˶þܴӷᵽ

û㣬㲻֪в
ν˵νǶˣֻôΣʮޣƻСԾ˷

֪Щġ
ǵİȫ⣬ǵ᲻ܵӰ죬һӰ춼ûֻܵ򵥵ķʽȥǸ˱˾

һȻ
֪ڳϣˡɲֻΪڮ٣һ빥˭ˣͻȡ㣬ӵǸֲѰҿ;ڸǾͼˣԺ󲻹ʲôطʲôȻͱȱ˵һȡ
ͺñĹֻ̫࣬һܹܽ⡣㣬㲻ܻ죬ΪԷȻռƸߵ㣬ֻ˶û뵽ôŸ˸ͷԷôݵ֣

Ȼң
ôң
ˣú飬ⲻǱԱͬͷˣ˿Ʋ£Խƴ

˵ôʱûˣţ˼ҲⲻΪȻҲôǣЩԼȤˣƫƫʱͷһͷġ
ּһЩߣˡͷҲԽԽ졣
˵ߥ£˵׶񣬲˽̣Իɱʥϣڳһ죬к

ôʹˣҲûʲô
֪ǰΪôˣԭΪһԶﴫˡ
Զﴫ˹ƲЩŴžͦˮֵġ
µҲȫȻǻٳ˼̫֮£˵ķͷǹ֮ڽʵǱ߾͸ʡˣ˱˵ɱεľԪӵ±Ϣĸ˹ȥҲû̫ˣʡ˲¡

ʵһʼҺżǱµ
ֻ˹
֪ģںµ֣ҲûʲôݲкֶΣֻǰ˵ǡ
㲻ȥҲһáŻôһ˵

˾౾Ǹ±ġ
⻰˵ҲǱǴΡǰïôɫɫֵȥ䵱
һùġȨ¡ҲûдڵıҪɫص
Դ˾ƺʼ˼ٳɳ˳࣬Ѿûǰӣǳһ꣬ʱ仯ҲЩǰ⹫ļơ

ïôʧƵ𣿡Цʵ
˵ͷֵ㵹õЩӦòЩϸ֦ĩڡ

˵ʲô
ʲôҲ˵ʵҲ֮һԽ޼ɵζ״ɵ˾Խࡣ
ΪЩ˵ǶŻʺĹ
ǰһѸı䣬ƫƫЩȫȻغϣͺһ𣬾ͺʲӽˡ

Ҳò˵ֶλһõģ˺ż˱ԺЩ˺ͣ

.

ʱˮ㻮ֵһǺɻˡ
ѾǲһĬĬŵǺʱˣƺһҪһЩں֮󣬸ռӹûõ߻ͻȻǰȥؾͷ

зַͷƶȵģֻӵʵЩöߺãͶھµ۵ǻЩǶҪǰȥءҲоðѶӶ£ھɳֵ͢ǽͰѳ˴ĶӶַȥ
Ѿûлӳͷˣ߻ͻôһһʯǧˡ

ǶãǱµļ£ûԣǻǼ䱳Ӧ
ķӦ
ΪĿǰĻӰ⣬ǻģ߻ǰȥͷĻô죿

ηӦڴ߻ǰȥصگܿˣͬʱĻ߻ӵķšۡ
˾ζѵ˵ͻöԣ
ֻ뵽˺ɣǸȴʮִϻ۵ŮӣҲһоǳںɵİţʵԶҲãԶܻðȻ˳졣

ֵһǣڻͷûãҲͷͬҲ׼ˡ



Ȼ뿪ʱѾǶˡ
ʵԹ뾩Լ֪صѾɺ󣬾뾩ġ
ߵϢȥ͵˲࣬Ȼһ£ʵһگǰȥؾͷ

گµʮͻȻס
گ鷢ȥ󣬾˵ͻ赹ˣǺηӦö֪֮Žл
ǻȻͰǰȥصģȴǽʵµԴлӶ᧿Σ

Ǻ£ȴһֿҪպ˸оҪˡ



Ȼϣڴʮҹϳ¡
鷢úͻȻʱ㲻ڣǰȥǬ幬ʱͻȻˣСҲûȥɡ
嵱ʱǬ幬ʲô㲢ֻ֪֪ûþ˵Ͱ˻ıˡ
Ѿ˻ʹУһƬҡ

ﱧСĶ鼸ɫ԰ȴǿſ־壬˵Щûг̫ãܿͱƽϢˡ
һɫ磬ҴҶҴҶȥ
ʵ㲢ⷽһжĻ߻ӶͷˣȻֵ˰˻ӡټϷһֱţڶܳ·ˣṷǽҲ⡣

ڹ˵Ϊһҹ˵ƺҲûʲô£һֱһЩδĺۼ΢ҹҵľ

̫ˡ
տʼ̫Ͳˡ
֪̫󲡵òΪյ³˷ҺͰ˻⣬ŻӡʮӡʮһӶǣڡ
ŻҲ쵽˼ӹڷͣᵣǱǲȥؿ⣬ʮһһֱǸӹģ㵹ǣʮӣ̫

ӡУ̫һֱֺܴˡ
ͺñȥЩ˵£ڹԵΪҲʮֵ͵̫㲻ڹﵶɽߵ̫λõ˻ȥִ

ºĽ֪̫ͣǱּҸˡ
֪ô˵ּҵģ֮ıּҲ֣̫ȴּ֪̫ݡ
ԣһʼûϵǣڣһѾѹѾᴳܴһǴԭ
̫Ĳʵںͽʵף̫Ĳȫּһ

ּ⣬ҲûܵǣֻʮӺܿͱ˷غͷţǰȥصӡ
ڷҾûôˣұ˼ңĸֱն˻ӲδȦǼ̱ء
Ǿͷϵδᱻһ




163.  Сʺʮ   £

161

һ, ǰʺ̫ӡ
ʹ죬Ȼͷ³ܲңɼǵǰһЩ, ǰûС, ֮ǰʹ֣ûС, ѵ׼ܴײ
ʱЦȴ˼
ֿ϶ܴײ, ȻҷӰϢݳȥ, ǰǸʱ󲡳, ֱܽʵЫ, ǴȥԷûȥġ

֧ŲȥѰҪϢ, Ϣȴ˽ˡ
֮ϢûյǰûС
ô˭ģ
ǰǸʱ򷽹ûʧ, ں󹬼һ죬Ƿ, Ȼû֤, ³һ, ̱, Ȼó졣
Ҿͽƾǳ, 㹻ǧζϧ

̫Ĳ, , ɵĳţԽԽˡ
ٵͷгһµε, ֻȫ鷢һή̬֮ƺҲ˸⸣еĵǵһαǰȥصģγҲǾĸӶˡ
⣬һҲԾǾǳѾõİˡ

ڸøĿڽаˡ
Ǵº󣬹ĸλŵĳţΨһľֶŮżҵŮ
˵ǰ˸ܣʵ۲ǰ֪˴ıȻֱǽʵֲµģǲ֪ľʱ䣬˵ĸܸʡ˲£λҲǶʹ͡

֪˲࣬ͻȻλݣһӾͽ˳㿴벻ӣƺںô˵Ҳż˵ҲΪԼɡ
Ů˼ĹȳͽΪı棬ΪԼмˣЩѪ飬˭˵Ĵأ
˭Ҳܡ

.

Сÿîʱȥö飬ʱŻÿջҪȥǬ幬һˣ쳣æµ
ȻЩæµҲСڿٳѧ˶ѧ˹أѧţѧ˺ܶҲѧǷǣСʱˡ

෴Сͽʵʮ׽
νѪɣʵ۰ԼԼĵӣΪӳ˻ָ˵ӵĶӣ˵СˣҲûˣûʱ˭֪δ

֮СĿУʵ۴ʮ׺ͰûĿùֳС̬оܹп
ҲСĸ֣ʱʧȥ˺ִܶ࣬ӱĵطԽʵĸӣȴּɵġ
ڻʼңԶֻһ죬Ǿǻʵۡлʵ۵ľˣǵ»δ·ܻߵ̹Щ

ʵ۵̬Ӱ˹˵̬ȣ̬ҲӰ쵽ǰƺ˶ĬСδĴˡ
ȻûǸ֣ʵּӺԺ˼̽СʦѾ˵ˡ

ƺҲּɡ
һ֮ǰĶ֮ǵóֶºòѡ̳ˣѡѾܲˣСûĸ壬ʹ˴Ҳ̫Ӱ쳯͢Ŀǰĸ֡
֮ã𣬾ͻû䣬ûռȻˣ籣ֵ־档

ƺ˶ﵽһĬĬڳãڻʹҲھ֮䣬Ҳ˲ǰǺ󹬣˺ĺƽڡ
ʵҲʱʵ۲Σˡ

.

ʵʵ۵һֱ̫ãֻҽɼ
ҲԺԪӶ˵ԭڣ֮ǰ˵
Ǵº󣬽ʵۿƲһֺˣʵûĺãǰǴα˳һֱţû֪㶼֪

ĲˣҲ̫ͻȻˡ𾪣𾪹ӡ
ǸЦԹ˵ƺͲЦˡ
˷ҼƺԸ£û

ȷʵԸἰʵۣ˵Խʵһֱ鸴ӡ
ΪΪǰʺȵһЩ£Խʵ˵˰Ȼܵλ֮ϣ˲ܴһԭڽʵ۵ıӻ
ֻʵʵ۲ûκζԲĵط෴Ϊıӻõ̫̫ࡣᵽ̫ӣᵽ⹫ʵܶʱΪ̫಻ѣײ⣬ͺñʥ죬ýʵһжǶԵġ

ǿף鲻ܽܡ
ĸɴ˶
һ쵱˵ʵ۽𾪣úȻĪһֻֿš
ͺͷҪˡ

㵽Ǭ幬ʱ󲿷ˡ
һúؾ޵ޡ
ķңͬʱҲһֻصʵ֮У֮ǰһֱúܻ㱣ͷ·Ρ
ûκ谭˳ؽ޵֮С
һϸĽŲ˶˳ȥˣпӰ

ֱʱϵǸ˲ӳ۵ס
֪ʱʵƺӲˣͷҰףҲɫտݣҲࡣ
һصۣȫ޷ڸĵͺһĺֻ߱ƣȴֻʣһѹͷ

ô߽Щ
ںޣ
ʵ۳ĺʱֵͳȴֳĺɫ
һ
㻺߽ڴǰվ

㵨ӻôСʱޣ񶼳ôˣѵܳ㲻ɣ
ʵ۾ͿڵߵͷϣŹڣֱǰ
ֻ˭һѾûʱˣУڸ̸ҳ˴ĿЩɨˡ

Ƕڿޣڿ޿Ҫˣ
봹ͷᡭ
ˣҪ˵Щ滰
ʵصһ֣⶯ƺʱЩء
˶˵Ӧ꣬ҲôΪҪˣЩ

תͷ㣬ſ۾Ѫ˿Ļдһɹâ˲ǰߴӡٽӦӵ
ȴ͸һֻңһ˲ɫ
ĸһʵϿŲҷޣʵﲻ֪ôޣĸʱƶңΪҲ֪

һ˵һתͷڿǰĿȴˣƺڻʲôƺʲô
ûдĻ䣬ʵҲǲ֪˵ʲôͺʱӵ̬ǰˣһֱǸ鸴ӵġ
Ҫˣûˣ֪Ҫǰһжźá
̩ǺӲȻСЩҪ˼ܳԼҵĽɽҲ˰ţӦܱ֤պ⽭ɽܰȴ

ʵ˵úһһ˵ţ˵һ̣һ˵
˶Ϊȷʵֲˣȴģܾ̩꣬ŻЩ
ģԺҲźˣû㣬

˵ʵЦˣ֡
ǰȥڽʵֱߵλÿɫʥּ
޵گúòҪ֪
ԥ£ȥһһ
ɫ𾪡
Ϊʥּݡ

ʵ۰Ƥ˵̫ӦޣԺի£ǳԦ󣬹ûѹסˡ£ϲһּ֣ڣҲһܹԼ塣
˵һʥּݣּͼıųն̫ĹϵҹϢ̫ٷϳͲ
ʵ׼ּ̫ߣگʼû˵Ҫ̫ôЩ㹻̫Զڴκ¡

ūţ޸øƸˣϻ۹ˣǽǰأ֪һѺõһֱЧ㣬Ч̩ȻǺ£ģּɱ
ס⹬ūŶǵĹǵҲ׵ǡ
ʱҪúõ̫󣬺úõı̩󡭡֪ίˣطʺ㣬İšҲˣҲİš

˵󣬽ʵ۽ڵૣҲƺʮԽԽС
߰ɣˣҪЪһЩû
ԥһ£ת
˼ߵʱͻȻͣ˽Ų
£𣿡




164.  Сʺʮģ   뿪ɡ

162


ʵؿϵĳг
ϲг, ֪ÿһӣÿһƣЩӺͻǰŴ, ɫ, رһЩ档
ʱįгҰ, »ʱϲãгΪ˸ϲ, еõǴ󱦵緢, ҪΪ׳־мѡ, еҲܸı, С


Ҳɡ
ûĵһûʵۣһʮΣ̫ǴΡڻʺ󡭡
û֣
ǽʵ۵Ĵ, 㲢û



ʵ㲢ûеȴ𰸡
Ҳֻʶѣ뿪ˡ
ǰ뿪Ǭ幬, Ź޵ɢˣ˵ʵ˼, ͷҲжࡣ
㶼ǳص֮, ƺ˺ܶ, ƺʲôҲû, һ顣
ٵʱ, ͻȻһƬĿ

.

үүˡ
С޵
ڲܽС, ȫ̩, ȡԹ̩񰲡Ҳʵ۱ǺˣûĵһûʵۣԲŻСȡ֡
ɶһٶȾۼǬ幬, ˿⣬д˽ʵ۵گ

گгָ̩Ϊ¾⣬̫̫̫̫󣬻Ϊ¾ָĸ󳼣Ը¾ожżҵĶࡣ
һگɱԪӶˣϵպ󲻵ŷκڽ̡گ쵥̩ģûе

գ֮䣬ʹһס
ʵ۵ɥǼΪģ֮һ̯Ūգʮ̩ò׳ֵҲˡ
˵ʹæˡ
û֪æʲôÿ㿴ȥҴңĽ̩˳ǻȵ쵽µۼλڼûзκ⣬һж˳졣

£ʵۿ϶Ҳиּ⣬й󳼣û˴ԼҲУȻǵگ
گ˵ʵиС˵Ѿȫźˣպǻδɵ¾Լһѵ

㲢ûв´ڽʵïˡ
ڹﾤҵҵһӣٵͷ갲ǻˣ¾ʹ˼󣬾׼ˡ
˶ˣȻǸŲλá

¾ߣͬʱ˾ӡ̫࣬ᶽȨ졣˾ᶽ͵£ͬʱᶽŶȻһ£ֻܿҲǽʵ۲µһ
ûıգʲôģʵ۲µĺ㹻ʰ
Ҳʮһֱ¾չ˸ţʳסУͳϵһЩ¡

ⲻְڣҲСܷġ
㲢ûջǵйگºܾãֻ˵ĻģΪ̫ΪػϽɽ̫ûȨô
ͬС˵Ǿ仰ÿ˻ϣԼΣҲ֮һ

ҾƾԽʵ۵˽⣬گֹһݣڽʵĿУƺһֱģܻѺֶջٲջʵӰʲô
ģʵǸҰġȨʢˣʵһģ׷ȨΪԱ

.

¡꣬ȥʱʮ
̫̫ͬްڴٹɥ
һ궬
ԽԽˣÿ춼ǺȺȲ裬żϷҲŶʮ꣬ȴϰʮˣкͰȻ

ֽµۻͣ󹬿飬ȵ۵ĺ󹬾ЩˣƺΪҲûʲôˣЩ̫̫ڸƽͣżҲܺһȺȲ衢Ϸ̫̫Ƶ
һֱил˵Ҳʱ̫ʺ˵

ϼƹǵƷʵ̫˳ܾдȱһԺвŵ֪ли̫ҽ
̫ҽ粻˵˵ƫƫǸʱǸأ鵽̫ҽ̫ͬ磬ֻǺ̫ټǨǣ¼û֪ô̫ҽ˭ƺԶ

̫ЦЦ۽𼸵ϸȴ͵·
㵹лңҲǽ֣ҵĳܳҽܳҲֻʧʵڲлҡ
⵹ǴʵҲЦˡ

û뵽̫ͷг𣬶ֱ̫̣ʱŲźۼغҧ˷һڣŮûһǼ򵥵ģνȲˡ
Ĺ£̫ûϸ˵ޣҲûʡ

Ϸ̨ϣѽѽسš
ŶëѩƺӰ

ĸ
̩󲽴߱Ϊȡñȥ硣ݰףݣҪͬ˸ߵ㣬һɫۣͷƹڣѾĳΣ̫
̫˰٣޳£ĸ˵˵˳ٹš

ڵ̩Ѿ֮ǰǰĸйĸǰ˺󶼽йĸҲû˸˵ʲô
ߵſԱߵ̫
̫ҲڣĸϷ
¡̫ͷ΢Ц£̫˵˵

̩
ͦãҲ̫򷢴ʱ䡣
̫ûжܿվˡ
̩ʲôô̫֮ȵȣ̩ǻʵۣҪǶ飬ûǻʱࡣҲ㡣

ĸ˽ˣ˸ࡣ
ŷЦԣ˵ʲôƺˡ



춼ڵ磬ۼʱҲˣϷ̨ɢˡ
Ըȥ׼ţרŵ˼̩ԵĲˣȻҲ񰮳ԵģֻǺܶ˶ֻ֪Ϊ̫󰮳ԡ
һͬٹСϷ¥ߡ
߳ţ˻̨ϣͿ¥߹һˡ

һɫۣźɫ磬޳ͦΣشݣһɡ̫ಽ
ʵϷ¥ǰĹ֮лȵģȴûߣôŷѩһһ˹

ϸѩģüۣҲģ۾
һֱ߽ˣſϵǳЦ
̫󡢱¡񹧾
ҲˣǲǸһҲ̫Եģ̩⣬ó׽

ʵҲȷʵˣ⼸飬񲻹չʳӣչ飬Ͼ֮໹һЩϵº;иѫ֮Ĺϵ֪޲ˡ
̩ҲǶµͣȻ֪࣬ټڣСȻϵǢ
ԣЦֻǿһۡ
ʧЦˣٲǵ࣬վˣѩ󡣡

һųԵ˶ܸˣҲæµ֮ĿС
գ̩һˣÿ磬ȻҲ˯ţ˯֮ǰҪ顣
û̺˶ȥˡ
˱ƣٵȵȣܶԴǾ뿪⡣
á

.

һȾʮꡣ
ʮ̩ˣˣҲ˳ӹ˳ǰ״ֻ̬˾Ͷ
ԣ͸ˣһֱģܾ÷治ȫҲ⼸ڶ֮̩ʢľҲḻôһֱš

ǰ̩˵ʱ볷˾ࡣ
Ӣϣ׳־
ʵ˾౾ǻβҲûʲôɽǳȻѶˣתͷ̩˸ָʹٽ£ݲ˲롣

㵱ʱû˵ʲôֻ˵̩Ű죬ǶԵǾ˽ȴ
һֱ˻ͻҲΪ̩˳λΪ˻˶٣˶١
û롣΢Цŵ

ʮ͢Ҳһֱƽ˾ģ߹صս£ϵĵһ·߹ܿǳЦ
Ӳѿ۳ϡ

ֱӻʵ뿪Żʵ۴СĴ飬̩׽̫࣬Щ̫඼Լλã˵λв
˶˵Ҫ˵ˡ
˶ʱýˡ
ô

ַԷƺһֱЦŵģȴޡ
ԼǷ̫ܶܶ࣬ˣൽԺԥԼġġ
뿪ɡ




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163

¶˾ġ
¶ĺ͸̩, Ҳû˵ֻ˵ȥȪйЩӡ
㲻˵̩, ʶԼ˵˾ഥŭ˹ĸ
ֻ, ˵Щ̽̽ôǷᴥŭĸ, ˼ɾǲ, ʻŲ̹ԡ

̩ǰʯͷԼĽš
ӹ, , ͺûʲô, ĸǻʵ, ѾԵǼΪֻŵġ
Լǲˣ

ͬʱҲԼίǱͶ˾Ĵܴ, Щʵףһְѳ˾Ƴ, 󳼶ԹѾ, ʵ۳ûس, Ȼʰ˾ʱˡ
, ֻҪǻʵ, ûԸԼȨ, οǱһ̫ѹôá
ʵƳĵһ, Ҫôǵֺ֧Чҡ

βܻôǵֺ֧Чң
ȻҪ˼죬õĶ˾࣬Ҳֻ˾ࡣ
ʵӦ˾Ǹ, Ҳֻ̩Ը֣˺ܾò˸еķӡ˾Ϊ龫ǣϧ̽ĸ

̩ô࣬ҲΪ˹ȫ֣ɹĸˡ
ĸȪй뾩ʱ¶ʲô㣬ֲǶ죬αҪȥȪй
ĸᷳ˹ȥԷɺã
ĸ

̩˺ܶ෨ͼȰ㣬̬ȺܼѾ˿ʼ׼װˡ
ٽǰһϣ̩Ѫ˿ĳǰ
ĸǲ̩ˣ̩̩û̩񾡹أʵЩǱƵý
̩ûԴʲôԲֻ˾࿪
ǹĸԸ̩Դ˴ͷԺҲ

̩˵˺ܶ࣬óҲˡʵҲߣߺԺҲˡ
ͷ̾ǵùĸ˵ĻǻʵۣǴ֮ԺҪҪӦԳκκӰ쵽ľȻöԵģֻҪöԵ£Ǿȥ

ǹĸ
ĸһӣӥվչһ죬ĸֻǸŮӣԽˣȴ޷㴦¡ѳ㣬ǾѾԶˣκξҺ鶼ֵ֧ġ
ǡ

Ե¾ƣĸ뿪Ǻ£Ц˵дһеºͣҹĸЩҲˣȥɽˮĸŻᣬȥ磬ѵùĸһ֮У

̩ģؿЩƣ
㣬ɼġ
ʮ꣬һŮõʱ򣬶Ĺ͢ţκ̬Ůһ㣬ȴȥŮɬͺʢĺһ㣬¶ҷ

̩֪ĸĹ¡
ΪĸΪΪ˶żңĸ޷Իδ֮˹͢εգĸĶˣοǸٲµŮ
үү˵ĸǲýģʵίȻԶżҺͶȨƣݣٵӣڰഺ껪׸˹͢
ʵǷ׸

Դˣ̩Ҳ²κȰ˵֮ԡ
Լô˽

.

ȥóҰ⺱ýһƽڡ
ͬʱҲԳһ̬֮
ʵνȥйֻǻʼڲ£γĿͬԣǼɵͬʱγҲǼɵ

Щ̫˵Уֻ˾ˣȥҧˣȻҪеΣ֮Բֻ̫ᡮˡʵ۶̫ĸ飬Ҳǲ֦Ǵж۰˵ȵȡ
ֻûϵǣ̫׾ˡ

׾ͽͷ󻼡
ʣµĻûڣ˵̫ͱ̩һĽ߿Զ
̫Ѫڵأ˺Ȼ
ⱻǨŭ̫̩Щʮֳ֮ˣ̺ˡ
޹ȺūƻޣȻ޺ڡ

ߵĿѪ̫ߵѪҲæͷġ
ʱֹ̩ǸӣҲԼôǶԻǴӴ˵ǶԣɴӸ˵ŻΪԶĽᡣ
ֻԼʱ䣬Ȩѹвͬ޾ȥӻعĸϣĸҪߵ̫Զ޵ʱ䣬һӻ

̩аģֻϧվϡ
㲢ûȪй̫ã˵ҪȥϿȥϺԴһʰȥ˽ϣ۵ȥ˽һ˵ҪȥУһĴˡ
һ

ϢǺ̩һͷѪ
Źĸôˣȥֳȴڳ޷УԴ游еĵҲв֮ԡ٣ĸء
ھֲ̽²ĸûֻǲعˡ
ĸ㵽Ķ
ôľͶ̩һˣ

.

ôβˣ
ꥣһӶԵŮ˵
ôһ죬һһ첢ûʲô𡣡
ʵһʼûô̩ʵ̫ˣ뿪Ȫйȥ濴ֹֻǰ׷汣ȥϡҲˡ
ǰߣŴʳסжǰźãʵΥ뿪ĳԡ

㻹ͼֻ֮֮ʹթһС
ҲãһݣȴӦ뿪ˣʹ㳹׵׵뿪ǰʮΪ˼Ϊ˻ʼҶΪ࣬ʣµʱ
ϾǶѾˡ
㸧߰׵޽ǣûʱʤ



ʮҲһΪ˽ɽ𢡣
ʮǰ˵һ°Ǿ뿪ͽ˸׼棬ضвãЩʮɻ㼯һɺܴܱ֤ĴɽˮҲõճ裬֧ȥκ¡

˵ҪǱˡ
һ֧ܴĴӣװκη˺ͺǰڣó׶Ǯ⣬ʱΪ˻ԴȻŹǿȥκȥĵط֧š

ڳ֮ǰˡ
ûڳֻж˺һЩǣһ죬ҲڴѾõӡ
ʳõʡ
ǰʣǲʣҲûʡĬЩʮӣֻҪŻʺ̫һգͲܺԽ׳һⲻһŮӵ԰ҲǶڻڹ͢ء

طһУ
ȻˣЩⲻ粻ʡ
ˡ

Դˣ˵Ȼ
ļƺ˴ңһ겻ò빬裬ʵʵڵģһΪԼһЩѶΪ֮Ϊ
û˵ѣ˵ҲǲõһʡȥƺָȥʵڵģҲʵڵģҲ֪ԼΪλԼļΪλԵ©

ֻЩ²⣬Ҳ͸֮ǰԽǼһػԭʼʱһЩͱıˡ
ҲΪμҵԭ򣬲˵ѣһصڤڤиıʲô
ΣָıǺõģΪһˣֱ׳ȢΪޣǰһ¶µû³һ˿һ

»ǿֵġ
ǲûһط̫ͣãһζ»һɽˮ
ҲʱҪܶ羰Ƕˣ뿴Щûĵط

һȥꡣ
ʱ߹˺ܶܶطԺΪݣһŸ羰һ߽óףǳۻһЩ׬ǮĻٵһطʱ
Ȼ;Ҳһ˳ڼΪĳʵǿĽӣľ飬ʹ˵ľҲдеĳطͣܳһʱС

ֵһǣһֱûлС
ҲɻѰһĳغСĴҽû⣬ô⣿

Ⲣû̫ãǾҲСˣа粻һΪһ˲Ȣ㣬͵ģϲѾˣ˲̫̰ġ
и֮ǰԽľҲһ͵ģԸĲʣһһĽ˳

ڼ䣬ع
Ĵ£ΪʢĺóףɱҲҵ˴Ǵ˻ңҲûеĶЩ͸ıҲ֮ӰŴһĸĸ˳֮С

ֵһ̩ƺһֱûǡ
룬ûд¶棬ںԵɺµõһݽĶͼֽ󣬾ѡٶȳ
̩յͼֽ󣬻ȥθ룬Ͳҵġ

;ɵڼòһֱûٱƺ͡
㣬ʱţòٶЩ仯ȴһֱû䣬һֱͣǰ֮ǰӡ
Ψһǡ

ʱȥξԽԽƵʵξǰֹ٣ôƵ
ƺļξԽԽ˸յļһԤУҲȫָһ̣뿪ʱˣǰǼһ
⽥һĲ
ҶԣԼԻʹַչ١

֮Уһ컹ǲڶֻһ˯֮䣬ͳײһˡ
ҶˡЦи̾Ҳꡣ
𣿡
෴϶Ѿܾû¶
ô㲻Ҷ
ôᡭ

˭˽ˣͬҲһֻͷһת֮䣬Ūеľᡣ
һϢһϢɫ֣أҪ˵ʮҪ
㲢İ̬ȣΪǰ漸ÿֱʱǿҪ뿪ˡ
ķ·׹ޱߵͬʱﰲοԼûʲôûʲô˵Ȼһֻء

˵ɣһ˵
ʵӣͺˣɳĳ治ܾô޼գֻӲͷƤЩӦµؿ˵ʵҲûʲôϢҪ뿪ˣҵÿ确ʱƵģҲΪÿһû취ߵ󡣺ϢȻҪ뿪ˣҿԴһߡ

Ϣʵ𺳣νǱϲ졣
첻˵ҲЩŵˣ˵˺ܶࡣ
ΪԽߡֻ磬ɸõ֣ûִϵͳõָǳЩԽԽǿܡ
оͰ㸴

㵽ʵˣԶиѣǿûִϵͳһһ岻ǸòҲԸļ䡣
ʶ˶һָ壬ǲˣǲǸߣǼٵģǹ
Ϊˣóһöеõơ
ǴǸs񣬼һɺĽһö԰˵õϰԽߡʸơ

ʱʮŭõĶϵͳǹˣˣɵ븴ʱһʱ
ôͺ塣
ϰԽߡҲҪģֻΪ˱ϵͳܣвκʾֻȫɺ󣬲ŻԶȡʸ

ʵΪԽԺҲϵͳһЩܣνϵͳǧ©Ĵ
ЩԽߡǴĹߡ
ϵͳȥ©ǵܸӣҲ档ЩҪȥΣգһЩȴֻǳΪĳˣĳʱȥĳ£ûκΣԡ
ɵ㼰棬֡㡯ĳкܶ࣬Щ㡯ȥԴ˴ﵽĳϵͳҪﵽĿġ

Щǲ˵ǰǻĪ
˼ϰԽʸЩͲܣΪΪϰԽߺͲϡ
Ҳ˵ˣסˡ
ǰɣҲ˵㵱¾ˣ뿪˶ǵļ䶼ᱻϵͳĨ

Ҳ̩ҵҴɩǣ
ҡҡͷȻǣΪʷʵڵˣĨҲзΧģ˵һʱ䷶Χ
Ҳ˵˶ҵļΪ̫ް˵һ̣֮Ҿǡˡ


ԽǲǺΣգ
ǵҲǣ̰ͼ֣ȫѡûʲôΣԵ񡭡
㲻㳤գգۡ
⡭ǰɣûǵȷǳ

Ȼ֪һȥʲô˵˵ܻ꣬ƼܣǲʵǴԽߣֻǲС¶ټ˿¼

˵ϵͳ˭ģ𡭡  

˵Ůﴴˣβ𡭡

ȫ꡿

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