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1.  һ   


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Ů

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ΪŮ׽㣬ĺҡƾԼĽѩƵòھ֮ħ磬ڴħȴҪڶ䵱ŮŰ

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2.  ڶ   һûͱɵĵӣڡ


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ֻ԰һһƿӣķ紵˽
ĺҡ΢΢һеذײغãԵֻ֣ӻ˳ȥ

һӣĺҡɫ԰ЩоصĹ塣
屾ǽɵʣȻ׽Щħ֮С

ڡ·УĽѩͬΪ壬ȴرľ
ĽԭҲ֮һȴĽѩݱħ޿֮̽Ӵ˲ڡ
ĽѩӳĽ

ΪħҵĽѩ⣬ĺҡ⽫ԼĽѩȹֽĽѩһδԼȥħޡ
;Уɽ£ĵͷ
ʧȥԵɣɴչһξָӵġ֮ꡣ

ȻԭУ趨Ϊ̫ӣһѹס塣
ͳ֮ڵˮǱ
ʱΪȲ
ǣȴħ̫ãټ˼˼ǹ࣬½ǰ߲˳

ھǰڣ˽֪ĽҲֻһ塣

洦Ҳл
ĺҡȻԵ壬˿ŨĹ֮УȴвʵųⷴӦ
ĽѩڴˣҪΪЩֱιȥ

ĺҡ¶ѩ׼ܵƻһ㣬Լͬӿ˹֮Уʴ
˷֮⡣

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ĺҡⱻڴߣƬ̣һءϢٽ


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ذϹâһֱ̹ۼɢ
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ҡͷݳ䣬㲻Ƕ˹

ĺҡָ⣬Լ
˴ûױԼδʹ
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ʱĴߣ·ԣ毺һ˿ھŵɫ

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ӨӨѩ׵ļüһ˫Ⱦ׵ۡ

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ŵɺˡ
ĺҡ̲ס˵

еˣĽѩ⡣
ĺҡ⿴ƺܻţʵһҲš

СϱѡеŮӽҶ͡
˭ǸޡǩöݵԴﵽıϸ΢֮Ч
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ȻСޡǩˣ
öݵı䣬ͱøĽѩˡ
áü˶ϴ

ɵǣĽѩլǰľˡ
һֱڿѰԼľˡ

žеˣʢһĨײ飬ĿתĺҡʱָĮ
Ǹ⻭˵䣬ҿ㲻

ĺҡգգۣ𡶵·һξ顣

ĺҡױмԼݵݣ⻭˼Ϊʶ
ΪѶԸ͸¶ЩϢЩʱҲá
ǣѿڶ㡭ôõĻ񣿡

ǻԵɺϡ
ĺҡɫƴȣѿڶ㡭ôõĻ񣿡

ƲŷӦһ㣬ɫ両Щ֮⣬򣬲ٳ
ƾƣҲϳٴһ䡣

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ĺҡ˵ձŤͷܿ
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еľջСֲ̧ǰͬ˳üΪʶŮӡ

ǰŮӲСѿڶĻľƺǽá
˸ţǰ˲Щ֮ɫǸղġ

Ϣͣɫ
ӨӨѩϣ˼ۣ࣬һŮ档
ֻҪһ֣ܽƿذ㡣

ָ⻹δǷݴĺҡȻڶ⧲֮£ִ֡
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ĺҡ۾˵߰

֣ҲδǰǷŭֻ俴ĺҡ⣬Ҳδ翴Ŀ⡣
ƾ潣죬Ҳ޶ԣֻڳ˼š

ĺҡĶԱȥʱذӰһסȥ·
׽סڽ֮ǰ˷䡣

һ⽣լӶʱķѡ
ﳾ䣬Ҷľ
Զʦ֣죡Ƕˣ

ٿһͱҶˡĺҡⷴ׽סĮǰһơ

һƣĺҡԣԵڵء
Уͷε䣬īҲ֮ɢסĲߡ

ӰɢУĺҡע⵽һȹҶݼżܻ˶ţƺС
Ȼĺҡͻỵ¶

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൱ʿԪӤΪǼСùģ
ңδڹ֮ף˵еĹݵĽѩʯȹµİĽ֮һ
ںڣλĽѩһ

ĺҡϲԣ̲ס²ۣ
ּϲòʱҲˡ
缸û֮ǰҲˣֱӱС

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Ҷһֱִⷽ
УȫȻܱǰĺҡ⣬Ҫȥ

Ȥ
ƵϢĺҡ˵š

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ͬʱۣһڵĹʸ̳ҶǱײ
䡱һҶ˱Ʒɳȥ

ҶͬеȺʿ
ĺҡ״۽΢顣
ôġ

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ںδұ㣬׷Σ

ĺҡĬ֮Уݼƺԥš
κųɿڵǡҸˣܷŹҺҵͬ𣿡
ȻӦȻԡ

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ĺҡӣ䵽λδϣ
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˵С
ĺҡԽԽС漸ˡ
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
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ĺҡ˼š

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ĺҡ⣬ӹһ˿ãȻʱסס֡

ͷԶһ
һ˲һֻȻס
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Ů䣬ʳ߻ȥ






3.     һ˽ǡ



ڱǼѸԶ룬Զִʶ˶ҹϰϰȻðıɢ
½ǴһҲɢˡ

ĺҡϵл̧ȥԶ㶳вӦ㣬Ǹˡ

ԭУԶΪĽĽѩ֮һȴӵڶԡŮӹ
ʲôƫƫԴսԼŮӹ

ԶֻҪһŮӣŮӿͻֺ١ð亹彩ӲĲʷӦ
Ȼ֢״ֻĽѩ֮󣬲˽ⷨ

·д
ŮǧǧΨĽѩ⣬֪Ĳ޷Ρ

˵Ҳ֡
Զ֪ԼܽӴŮӣڡ·Уεľѡ˽ס
žİתƵˣ
ԸŻʣҲҪס
ĺҡ΢˵š

ûûϵ
ԶƫͷȥỺ󣬲ŻָƽĺҡҵΪ̫ͣĺʦΣ֮С

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ĺҡǶΪڴǰҲδΪ뻯Ϊͬ

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ĺҡ⣬㣬ôʧܣ

Ҷ
Ҷǳ䵱ȫ޵ˡ
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ҶòΣԣǽڵС
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ʦ󽫹ػŮ
綨µδѡŮ

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˳谮ĽС䷲˵ȥ

ҶˣȾѪ˿̿Զֽסĺҡ⣬ʻգҲˣæܹǳ⡣
һ˫۾͸żֲ
Զѩۿۣȥǣ

ĺҡľľƣҲӦҶĽԣԷܵţԡ˵öԣҶԲҡ

ֵʱԶɫıܿҶĿüĿ¶ͬɫҶʦã˵

ҶգԶѵĻίתת㶢סĺҡ⣬΢壬ߵʲô̬ȣúϴ𣿡

ĺҡһνתߡ
ϵͳûߣھߵϣҶһ顣
ϵͳˣҪ߾ߣ


ۼһصԺԼķ䣬ۣͽ֮С

ΡΡΡ
ϵͳߵĶ̴죬ޣĺҡξ

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ѩ׳ȹŮ۽ޣз⣬ڳɡ

ȴһ˲Ůӱԥгͽǰַ˵ĸ
ѪȾĽѩһϮѩ׳ȹѩȻŵĻִۡ

ĺҡʧȥվҲվȣڵϣħɢϹұħڣĵɫס

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˵գŴ¶ЦݣһĻĽݵ¡

ĺҡȾѪָ⣬Ľѩӣ㻺ۣһĻʱ۽䵽ԶĻȻۡ

ߴһƵϮ츲أ֮˲仯Ϊޡ
һнһ֮£Ȼ޴档

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ϵͳĶκβá

ɽУĵطǽڡ
ĺҡһվ鷢չ뽣ڣΪһޣȴδ˾޵Ľ⡣
տ⣬繺һгҫۡ

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ֱʱĺҡҲûʹǺˡ

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⴫ԶҶĽ̸

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ҶŵԶʦ֣ǿ˰ɣĺҡ⼸µı֣㻹֪𣿲ʯⲻȣȥ԰ݣʮ׶ȥ

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ҶʦòԡԶ

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ĺҡ⻺˼ҲԶ

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䣬ûʲôӵʵ˸ʺ޽ˡ
ħ˺ü꣬Ǳħʴȴûָ

ɽ磬֮󣬽ǡϵһԶֻҪЩ
ųħħԿ

һΣա·ķչħһգȻȻɽ硣
ħǶδ˽ǡ

ĺҡ⻺ָ֣ḧ׵Ǵ
ǽǱ֮ģ˱ѩԭ겻⡣

ܾԺ뱱ѩԭǻɵĽ˳ȡΪ߱ħ
߱ħɱԼĽ㡣






4.     ĺʦãĽʦá


Ǿ顣
Ϸ硣
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ĺҡ˵ţױǰ

͸
ĺҡŹױݵıò˳

öݵʱЧգҲ˵ڣö⸱ݡ
գҲ֪λδ᲻ˣܻ
Ӧòᡭɡ

һԭ飬һ˵һβҰܶ飬λδ׷㡣
գδϷˣա

ȵʱöݵҩЧһòָδԼƭΪΪ֮
ŭ֮£ֻѡ

˼˴ĺҡȥԶһöݵûнҩǰҩЧ

۽ٶɨױУĺҡͻȻסָḧԼӣ̲ס²ۡ
λδֿݰ
ѷӡѩײϣ쳣ۡ
ʱûôע⣬û뵽ôݣֱӡˡ

ǰǰʱĺҡʹо΢
Ҳϵͳ󣬰·Ե֮һ

Ϊʹо΢ԲŸӦ·йĺҡĸ־飬ڽܡǡʳʹ

ʱϵͳ˵ʱͺǺ
е̫ʹ࣬óһĪ
߼ֱˡ

ָ䣬ĺҡʩǰ۵ʲôӦûС
ź֪ԼΪλδѾ⼸ȫľ

ױеˣĺҡ˼Ƭ̣˼סǼָӡѣתȥԶ
ҵԶʱԶԺһֱԶߵҶδԺʱʱ̿̿Զ

ڽɫԶһϮѩ׳ԸƮݶ鶯
ΪĽѩڶమĽ֮һҪ֣Զڽ츳ϳˡ

ң˵ҶΪԶиദʱ䣬ıԼҵƼԶԶΪͽ
һ飬ȻԶԼĽ֮˾ˡ
Ҷƶ鹤ˣʵˡ

ĺҡվڳ£˻ԶĿ⿪ʼ룬˼ž顣
ȵԶ߹ĺʦáʱĺҡգۣ˼ԶѾ
ʦ֡ĺҡֱ˵˵Լ⣬ѯԶûݵĽҩ

Զԣĺҡ⣬ʧһ˲
ǰһϮ°ȹüɫƫ䣬ǰ㣬ӣ۰꣬ʩκη죬ˡ

ûСԶʶĺʦãﲢûݵĽҩ
ڲ֪䣬Щڡĺʦáϡ

˵һ̣ԶȻһƽȴģǼΪһ㣬±ƳǷݶֱ΢˼

ûа
ĺҡ¶źɫ̧ǰԶ뿴Զû˵ѡ
ЩĻɣǲԶΪ˶࿴գ˵ѡ

κԶһƽѵɫơ̱ĺҡκ仯š

ʱĺҡ⿪ʼϵͳΪ񷽱ʱżĶȨˡ
̱˼ߣ⡰ϵͳƶ֮£Ρ
ð

ĺҡջĿ⣬˼Ƭ̣΢򴽵ʦ֡ɶЩʲô뷨𣿡

ǶĺʦˣһʱӦٻ񡭡
Զἰ˴Ҳ˳Ĭ֮С

ǽڽһεĳ񡣽ÿʮ꣬еӿһ
ȫͨߣлᱻŴԼϿУΪ洫ӡ

ڳŴ塢֮⣬дССٸȫڵӼˡ
Ȼڻδʦλ洫ȴʮˡ

ÿ꽣ʢ֮ʣȫڵΪΪᣬͷ
ңΪУвٳѾ˳ڵĵӣڶ˵Ա

뵽ĺҡ⿴Զ
˱ǽСҶԶ츳ҲѾڶ
ʣƵĵײڰ̾š

·Уĺҡ̫ħܣӲϵʮ

ʮѾѵʱ䡣
ȵгϷʱһεľء
Ҿֳ̾һλӵǵţȴź䡣
ŷ϶Ϊͽ

ƾ洫֮λȴһ˿Ϊӡ
ͳ˽Ϊ⡱һλ洫ӣûʦ̵ֻھŷѧϰ֪ʶ

ô˵ء
Щϲûнŷ֪֮ʶ

ҶԼ洫ӣԼİͽ֡պʦȥ˱ķӡ

Ҿŷ˴֮䣬۸ӣ໥Ҳ໥ۡնҪһĴڡ
ȻὫԼĶž̵̸ģһЩǳ׶Ľ
һЩڵӶѧĽ

Ϊ洫Ӻʮ꣬ѧúӣʲôѧˣֺʲôûѧ
ƾŸյǣһ꣬˽⡣

һ꣬еΪ̾ڳƣ鲻ɳδ֮λĺҡһϯɣΪʱ
˶ڹϲδڡ

֮ʮ䣬ɽȴŹĺҡţҲǲ޴ˡȻӡ
˽֪ڵѩӣȴ˵ڽһλӵǵʿ

ֱħһգĺҡΪ֪Ҳܡ

Ҽǵɽ˺üλӵǵĴܣǵ֮סôһȴ

ΪǵӵߣԳħаΪҲˣȻħħ絹ȥ

˵ڵ귢λǵĵʱǼΪŷۣ֮Լġ

ϧ

ʲô߻ѩأС𣬻оӽء

ȱһħǣ

ԣû



ĺʦãԪӤԶҵܹԸ緢ͬټ໽Щͬǰͬ飬Σ

Զĺҡ˼˻δᱻΪӽὣޣ΢¶һĨĻȣƽӦá

ӽ

ԶԣȡԼƣָžһϸֶУɢȥ

ĺҡԶòݵĽҩˣ뿪
ݵĽҩ϶ҪģԶòҩȥǡ

˼˴ĺҡԶʦ֣ˣҾȻȥȵͬžۼʱ顣

áԶӦʱ뵽ЩʲôĿ䵽ǰ˱ڵĲ
һƬѩ׼䣬ǼָӡΪۣ°ɫС

ĺʦáԶסĺҡ⣬һȡ
˵գ첽߽ԺУ߳ŵİɫƿݸĺҡ⣬͵ҹƼĺʦõˣҩ

ĺҡۼԶֻԭսִֻɫƿδ⣬˲㽫ҩӹл

ӽִͬӡ

ԵºֲʧȵԶȻǻС
Եˡ

лʦ֡ĺҡ
˭ݡ

ԶעһϮ°ӰȡȻȥ
֮ջĿ⣬ԭŰɫƿֻֻԼĵĵط

ĺʦá
Ľʦá






5.     ʦ֣һʯһΣɡ


ĺҡܿص䣬תķԴ߻ݵҩЧ
ʱֱо䴫ԼʹУǱ㣬֪ԼļѾˡ

ܣҪҪܼʹࡣ
ĺҡԼʹ΢ǿˡ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱ⴫һصҶһ
ĺҡ⣬쿪ţţ

ĺҡüҶ˺һӦˡ
򿪷ţһҶ

Ҷ֣ͷƿĺҡ⣬߽ȥǰһ󱭲ˮ
ֻ˰ڣеĲ豭üͷʲô裿ô࣬ˡ

Թ꣬Ҷתĺҡ⣬Զʦ˵ҹС㱨Ҹһ䡣

ҹй²ǸСλδ˰ɡ
ĺҡ²ţϲԣҶʦ㡭

Ҷʦ㡣Ҷӻ֣΢̧°ͣߵڵΪ˶ˣʱʰȥɡ
˵գҶĺҡһۣ㲻Ҷʦ㡣

Ҷĺҡ
ɫã⡣

Ҷһк֣һ٣ΪԼֻصѧýѧӵʶӦ

ӦҶŷӦһãŭĿӣǳ˭㺰ֵġ

ĺҡһƽؿҶ峺޹㲻Һʦ㣬ҲҺ֡
ʡҸôƺأ

ҶǽԱֵ˼£üһӲܲ˵ǲ׼Ҷʦ㣬Ҳ׼֡

ĺҡͷӦá
˵գתԼ˱ˮ£ʵ˯໹ࣿ
ҹ𣿻ҪС
Ϊô϶ҹҲǻڼģҾͲˡ

ĺҡ⼸˵꣬ҶҪ󣬼ȲܺҶΪҶʦ㣬ҲܺҶ֣ȫֻơ㡱

ҶϾᣬۼĺҡⲻٹԹԵ򴲱ߣϱӾ׼˯
ĺҡ⣬㡭ҶַԼ޴ɷйֻߵôûУ

ĺҡ˽ֻ˫۾¶棬΢΢£ҹ䣬ˣλãҲ˯һ˯
ҹôһ飬֪Ҷ۲ۣ۵úܣ¾˯š
˯ҹҲΪ

ңҹһս

ҡҷҶվǰӹһ˿ã֮ɫ
ֵֺĸоĺҡԴҹ֮󣬾ͺ˸һ㣬Ҳͬ㡣

ô˵ĺҡӣĺҡ϶Ҫִͬһġ
ֵҪĺҡޣſϰݡ
ڣһֽ޻ϵĸо

оһˡ
Ҷźܿ˯ĺҡ⣬ҡҷ͸ȥֻ°΢յԭ׵ķɫЩůɫ
ǿĺҡ̬ٵúܡ

ĺҡԾţҶҶʹ˶Ļ˵²һ䡪
Բݵ̫٣Щ

ڡ
ʵһЩˡ
Ҷ̲ס롣

ĺҡʶ䷭˸ӰҶ
˿٣ɢڴ䣬Լɼ׵ĺ󾱡

ҶȻɫ䣬˺ܾã뵽ЩЦĺҡۣпõġ
ƿˡ

ĺҡҹ˯òȣޱȵϢȻϮʱȻۡ
ǰȲ쳣

ҹžϵȻϨڳ֮СΨһĨ»ɴ͸Լɼڰǹ⾰
һƬڰУĺҡ΢򴽣ϢţСߡ
Լ¹⣬ƼԭĵҪһҶ˿Сϣ೤

˯ûȡ
ĺҡ⳶´

һ졣
ҶԭһģκԽԽ糱ˮϮ㣬ڲ֪˯ˡ
ʶԺ䣬йҡ壬ǳʱһֻ΢һס졣

˭
Ҷѣ΢䣬ѹ꣡
ĺҡ˵ʶҶѾѣʾעⴰ⡣

ҶһΪԼ֪Ȼ˯šĺҡֶⷢаգһ̧ȥע⵽ʱһ
죬ԭˮӨӨ»ѱס⻪ҹĻ

ĺҡľ
û뵽ͱλδһˣȻʵ
ҪǣȻΧǡ
ΪҵĽѩһУǷˡ

ҹĻ£ջΧţܲ͸硣˿ҹջĿ˴඼˯֮С
ͬĺҡ㾯ǰԤŵģҲûˡ

ĺҡһ󣬻ͷҶԭɵȥҶȥԶʦ֣ͬš

ء
ҶĺҡڷӦʱ㿴ĺҡתš
ɲǼ䣬ԭջΧסĺһĺҡӰһͬȥ

Ҷ״ɫЩ֮ɫ
Ƕĺҡ⡣ĺҡһȥԡ
Ȼ䣬뵽Щʲô˷ţ׷ĺҡ⣬ڴһ󣬽һѶĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ΢΢Ĺﱻһѷ
ҶҧŬԼı飬΢̧°ͣҽģ㽫Ҫġ

ҶΪСȫҵḻһץһѷ

ֵʱҹĻȻһ춯ըѿ
貽һͷǷ쳣Զִһնպ
ڷţУֿһ˲Ѹٺ£

ĺҡ״һ
ҹδһõġѰʱһɢ֣

ֻǣһ⻹Ҫལ⡣
ջеʿ࣬ǺΪͨˡ춯һ𣬺죬ǻᾪʧ롣
ʿ֮УԶȻʿ˽⡣

뵽˴ĺҡⴹԼбķʵ𣿡
Ҷ£С
˵ţִӴץһѸʽķ

ĺҡѾ֪ҶĲƴ֣ҲΪ˿ۻҵĸַ˿
ԭûô
޴ģſͰ͵ӡ
ƵǼʶ١

ӹһѷĺҡЩȥըһѷ
Ժ⣬ʶ̽ſջԵһһɨ

ʶɨԵʱͻȻһ˲ǲΣհ㣬ӿĶͣ͡
Զ֪ʲôȴûӽ

ˣ
Уŭ۳һ˫䶢ܡ
ĿܿһϮ°׳ȹĺҡϣ֮ɫ
Ȼƭ

ʶһĺҡôδħΪʶȻ
֮ʱҲʶǿĺҡŵûȱ䡢ٵʲôġ

ǿʶĺҡܿҵµı֮ȥ
ָ΢ЩһԶһת΢

ڴ˿̣ѾõĺȻ˿˿ƣĺҡС

СģҶҴҸ㿴ĺҡⱻɵһĻ󺰵
ڴʱһԶϮԽҶȻϡ
һҲҽͬʱ

ĺҡδӺ׹һ˲ȴɲϷſ
н߬һѷתˡ

ī£ɫѩòβ죬۽һɫ룬Ϊòұ繡
ָ⸡һ΢΢ҡҷ⡣

𣬿ȼһа
ĺҡ˵

ҶҴܹΪǿ󣬴󵨳λʦ֣ɷȾ
ǡЦɫƣ㣬ĺҡ⣬΢һʯһΣλʦͬ𣿡

ĺҡֻһۣѸٴȥ
⻰ʱ̲ס۽΢顣

ȻһֻˣڽڣΪ洫֮һ
š
ڡ·УŮİĽ֮һ

ڷȻǣžʱļǰڽźɽ˵ķȻȹѡ

ȻˣǾ֮¡
ʱϵͳȵˣȻһϢ˼ֱ̫ˡ
ذȻͻˡ

ϵͳ
ȻԡһϢķȻȻصͷ˳ƶȥڷȻ˵ϡ

Ȼ;裬˴תѣ㿴һӰǰ䱻΢ָ

λʦ֣ЩذĺҡЦʵĹе
ɣһʯһΣλʦͬ𣿡

һŮ˲ر桤ơ
ͲһˣŮ䡢ƽޣΪ׬ǮһˣҪһʯ
ǰҲαװ

Ȼɫؿĺҡ⡣
Ƿԭĸл˲ҭ˺䡣
ǴεĺҡǿһΪѺˮתлĺҡǱģ

ʦʦ֣һƷʯʦֳҶһȻ̸꣬һæ
λʦֺװ
Ҫʯܳġ

ǡȻΪֻűĺҡ⣬ĺҡĻش
λʦ֣һʯһҵʯҶܼӡ油ȫȻûµİӿ

ڣĺҡⱻţɫְһ˲ָ߬ǵ׼Ȼ

ȻԷƣź޷ٶ֣ȴɲȡ
ڿĺҡĲ״ǰһŹ飬ƺżȴһҲżʵλʦã㻹𣿡

ܵеӡ
ǣںܺãлл

ĺҡһ΢Цλʦ֣һΪ֪꣬ɲԣ

ҶʱǡôĻֻôһֻˣĺҡǴõķ𣬸òǰֻС˵İɣ

ĺҡ˳ȡǸ𣬶š
ܺãӵķȻˡ

λʦ־һΣΪ꣬˵һмֵһƷʯԼ
ĺҡĻδ˵Ȼ׳

޵ģơ
ȻҶҷС⡣
ȻȻ޷ˣҲǽޣΪԼı齣ԼΪ洫ÿٺԼһ

ݴÿϣ̶ʮ
ұ˴̶֪ʮǴӺζ
ܲܡܲСߣÿëɡ
²ûɣСˡ






6.     ЦͲˡ


λʦ֣𣬻ԾʮŴΣǷšһʦ֣㡣
ĺҡĻڶϣȻɫ

ĺҡ˿
ȻȫֵǮģһ𡣵ʱ˵ǷȻ֪ǱˣǱ޳ܵˣ˹ȥ
ιȥǰӷȻƮһ

ĺҡӹϸһϵͳߴ£ųֽȻķ̧ɽУֽԼϽʣһҩιȻ

Ǿ֮⣬ȻΨһһνʡ
֮󣬽ڿУĽѩΪ洫ӣͬΪ洫ӵķȻһ顣
ȵʮΪΪ⡱Ǹ洫ʱھʽʼ
ĽѩһɰĽߵòĽѩ⣬תĿ䵽ŮòƵŮϡ

ڷȻ
ħ֮ʱһ
˺Ϯħ磬Ȼ׷ɱƶᡣ
Ƿ˷ȻʯƵġ

ĺҡˡ
ʱӦûǷȻʮŴξĻᣬӦǻûȹ

˼ˣĺҡ֣Ǹ΢͹ȥ΢Цλʦ־ңΪл

塭
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ȷȻһΣȻһΣõ֮飬塣
û룬ȻûǸ𣬻΢ζ㹴˹λʦõЩ

ɤʱȻָ̧֣ĨȻӿĺҡĺƿ
ͬʱסĺҡϸ֫˴˳

ȼͬȻһ
ԭıƽ£ΣںеĶֳԷ֮С

ĺʦãû°ɣ
ջеɢԶڸϵĿⴥȻĺҡֻһ˲ܿƿߡ

Ȼſĺҡ⣬עűڷеĶ
ĿⴥڰǸϣɫ

ʦ֣û¡ĺҡλʦֳ
˰벽ŷֽҹδδӽδʣֱ档
ǻȱŮλħħ
Ȼ·еļ˽ɫء

ǰλ
ԶδΪ洫ӣǶδڽܾĥ£ӶɱΪҲֻзȻΪЩ
ʮԶѳΪ洫ӣΪ٣ӽڳӣȻ״ˣΪ֮

ǱáԶִ֣ԷȻлλʦ־ĺʦá

ȻǸͻĺҡǰĵλʦã˹֮ôѺһʯıأ
ʵǳܲ𣬻ʦŵԣһʯɡ

ĺҡɵɫ΢
ȻһڵӡδħֵǮġžǾ
ҪڸȻһʯ
Բ
ò

ǿĺҡľȣԶʱڳһʯҴΪλʦ֡
ﻹδ˵꣬ͱȻһƮƮġǺǡϡ

ȻؿԶʵʲôˣʸǮ
ͳΪλʦ֡Сͺʦ֡
ǡ

Ȼⷬ˵ԶҲòԾ
ԶֱͦĿƽȻλʦ֣ĺʦͬʦã˴ͬߣӦΪ˸𡣡
ͻȻڡλʦ֡ĸϼЩ

ͬšȻתĺҡ⣬ĥʦð
д֮⡣

ȻĿⶢţĺҡȻʶղǰ֮İӿԽ棬ɵ˵ǰɡ

ǰɲǰɣ
ԶҲˣȻʱûĽѩأΪԶˣ
ѵ֮ϵ

ĺҡһ˼йؼʦ֣ˡλʦ־ңӦʦһʯ

Ȼԣü΢΢ƽЩ

Ҵ˿û̫ʯҹսȥмٸλʦһʯʦ־Σĺҡ潨

ڴʱҶͻȻڵĺҡ⣬Ҫ𣬶԰ɣңһûùء
ҳһһǧöʯ㣬ɽ

ǽСƴ֡
ĺҡĬȻпһ佫ĿȻϣĲ˲
ȻĿдһ֡Ҿ͸ûꡱ˼Щ顣

ҡĺҡⱡ΢ڷȻӵ£ЭҶ˼ȥ˵ǺҪ֮֮ףܾȥ

٣ʯаɡ
һǡ뷽һʯλʦְɡĺҡͷ΢Ц
Ȼԣĺҡ⣬ЦǱλʦҽѶպϵЩ

롣
ĺҡⱻһƵЦŵͷƤ飬ϸ۽ʶܾ
ѶǸȻÿѶը

ĺҡĬȻż䣬λʦã

źáĺҡɰͰʹ
Ŀ룬һĨտâֶϣԼƴС
ǵѶþδж

úĺҡŲΡΡݸȻ
Ȼָ޳񣬽ĨѶӹֵԭʦõˮϵ֧ҵѶʦÿҪպá
ȻѶͬķҫ۳ȣ󣬹̵ˡ

ĺҡӹȻѶĳȽûˣĨȸȴԾİ㡣
ʶɵûһ˲
վķչʱϷȻģͱλδһӶı˾顣
ǵһı㡣

Ȼһ˵ĳ֣ĺҡһĿǰٵ
ΪһԪӤޣֱֵ
ҵĶץԽѺͻؽڡʱɫа㣬̡

ĺҡ봹ۣվһ˻
ȵ˸ɢȥȺȥԼķ䡣
δüԼˮȣ

ĺҡиյõˮתţȻʦ֣
ʱԶʲô

ԶͦñֱһʴĽ
΢ŴŹеĺʦãҹ֮δܲǶⷵؿջҵȡĺʦˣǸ

ĺҡҡҡͷʦ֣ǶΪͲǼܶԸġҡǶⱨֵܹ˭
ʦֲؽ黳Щο֮⡣
ԶĽѩ֮ϱȽϹ֮⣬涼κë

ҩ
Զü両ֳɫŵİɫСƿĺҡУĬţתȥ

ĺҡ⿴ԼеİɫСƿЩԣֿЦá
Ÿһƿҩҹҩ
ʦ֣ҵҩ
ҩң

ĺҡ⣡ҶԲԶ
ȵԶһ뿪Ҷæܹĺҡ⣬ʵʦָʲôˣ
ôˣ㻹ʦʲô

ĺҡ޹̯ģʾеİɫƿҩ
ֻشҶһ⣬شҶڶȡֵ⡣

Ҷ״һƬ̺Ի૵ԭֻҩ
˵꣬־ʦ־Ȼҩ㣿͸ҡ

Ϊûˣĺҡֿ²ȥ׷ʦֻüҺ񿴼ˡ

ʦˣҶԣʱ
ţʲʱʦΪ˱ջˡĺҡ졣
ЩҶߡ

Ҷ˴ﻹ˵ʲôĺҡ⣬еİɫƿĺҡһתԶȥķ׷ȥ

ĿҶ뿪ĺҡ̾һڣţڷ
첲ת۽ƳһĨΣɵýס

֮ĺҡŴԼЦôӲкλʦ֣Ƿһöʯ϶ỹģء׷ң׷ծ

ͬʱĺҡĬˣˡ
ֻˣԲҹŮӹ뷿Ļ
Ҫ½⣬Ҫ½⡣

ʦˣȻ
ĺҡȻҶʦˡ

Ȼǰǽڷĺҡ⵹õǱ裬΢λʦãΪľˣֱȣְɡ
Ȼ

˰λʦ֣롣ĺҡųصĲӣ߹΢Цˮȥһ̵ֹĲˮ

ˮˡȻűһڲ裬ü΢
ĺҡæЦȥ²衣

Ȼ̧ȥüͷЩЦ

ĺҡԣ۽΢գ￩һ
ǰɣѵȻҪ˵Ǵ˵еǾ仰

ЦͲˡ






7.     ֱȥ


ЦȻ͸ˣЦˡ
ĺҡԣһЦȻ
Ҫ΢Цˡ

ݵȻ⣬ϸĺҡݣͻȻʵ
ռס˵Ϣľûϳĺҡ

ԡ
һΣĺҡϳϡ
ͻȻ뵽Զûݵҩû׼Ȼݵҩء

Ȼһ΢Уˣծ
ĺҡ⿴Ȼ۰ͰţɬʵλʦֿݵĽҩ

СȻӴռݵĽҩĺҡǰһ˲˻ῪڵλʦãһʯһöҩҪ𣿡

㵱أ
һʯһöݵĽҩ簤ʣյݵҩЧ
ĺҡ⵱̲סͷ˸ۣ΢Цһ壬αװҲȥˣһȻǰһ㡰ǺǡЦ

ʦ־Ȼ֮һöݵҩļֵͬĺҡ⻰΢٣ľ֮Ҳ̫ˡ

֮ãһ֮ȻֻǱһ޳ָ΢ݵĽҩ˻ȥʵǹ޾ʲô
ĺҡԣھĿ̧ŷȻɵʲô

Ȼȴشĺҡ⣬ֻǹұţһʱ죬˳
ģҲ֪˭

ҪǿȢңһذͱӡΪ𣬹ұĺҡͷȥβ˵һ顣

ǣ
ȻͻȻҲ֪Щʲô

ĺҡƼˣ˵͵Ҫ䣬䳰ȷǳ̬
ûʽŮأʼ࿴˳ˡȻ˽ڣĽѩ֮ʱǶ޳

һͲز˰ɡ
Ӧã

˼ˣĺҡ豭ķȻַȻᴹǲ豭ûаҪȥ˼
ҹģȻȻˣ˯ˡ

Ȼ˲˲ˡ
ĺҡﲻ߶ס
ۣҡҷ𡣾ϮֹסĵͷͲԴȥˡ

Ȼ˯ĺҡ⣬һ䡣
˾Ȼ˯⣿

һ˲ĺҡϯ˯ⱻϣڶķȻ׼ȥ
ĺҡ̧׽סĨɵĻǣͻȻһ£λʦ֣

ȻͣΣüôˣһʯݵĽҩ
򡣡ĺҡһҧ¶ģԼӲݵҩЧ

Ǹóֿλʦ֣ǰұǮɱǣл󱧣ʦֵķ𡭡

Ȼ俴ĺҡ⣬Ŀĺҡеķϡ
ָ׳Ĩ죬

ĺҡûȥȻֻ΢ɿ˵Ҵˣڽ𻹸ʦ֣ԱǸ⣬԰ɣ

һЦҺʦ֮Ҳʲô̫ĳ
ĺҡδȻκζ̧ȥȻĪԽԽɫԭ˵Ļ΢ţεЦ

Ѳɡܴ
ѵǰǼ£Ȼܵ˴ɣ
Ȼ侹Ȼ˲òֻ̰ƵŮӴڣ

ĺҡһȻΪħ֮׷ɱƶ֮£һæת˻ʦ֣һ㡣

Ϊ˱ʾ⣬ĺҡԭǵ÷Ķĳ˫ֵݹǸ𣬳ֿʦΪߣǽʵ洫ӣ϶Ϊ¶ƽϵġ

ǣ
ȻԣֻĮȴӹǸ
ռϢĶҲҪˡ

õģƴ֡ࡤȻ
ĺҡӦ˾䣬Ϊ⡣
ڡ·ڣȻѾͬ˽ΪµŮöϷġ
ٵԶ᲻

Ȼƺ뵽Щʲôǽȥ¥ˡǺǡ
»ǺǡвԶ

ݻȻȥһ˲ĺҡֿĻ
λʦ֣ģһڱһ㹩š

Ȼһ٣˺ܾãסԼͷȥĺҡĶ
̫ϵʿδֵ̰ˡ
ҪЯһλʿʵĶһʯһŸΪʵһЩ

ȻȥĺҡᴹеķǶʲôΪֵĶ㡣

ǷһֱȻֲջȥǻһηȻ׷ɱ֮£
ʲôʲôԹֵ÷Ȼͱһ󣬻Ҫ׷ɱ

ƣ
ףס
δʮûħʱ¾ʮŴξȷȻĻɡ
ĺҡ⣬˯

ʱէֵ֣
׽סޣĺҡһ˳ۣ׼ؽڡ
ȻԭزμӴ˴γ׽סޣһͬؽڡ

ϣȻΪ洫ӣȻǹޣҲȥءصĺҡһϡ
·ϲգĺҡһǹޡ
ֵĺҡʱǵڶ

ĺҡѺ֮
ȻķʵңûǹദΪʹԪӤ˽𵤡
͸һζ޷ʵȫ

ǹһĺҡ⣬Ҳĺҡȴ;Ȼķ𣬷һҽС

ĺҡ۽΢飬λδ֪лȴƫˡΪеԡ
Ƴ۱Ѻδֱһ䣬ڵأ΢ۣ
ƾδγ֣ҲȻ

ֱĳһ˲δһҲ˻ߺƭңƭң㾹Ȼƭң

ĺҡתķһͣ
һ򼸽δôƭˣ

λδֻǲϳײŷɵĺҡ⣬һֱšƭҡ֡
ĺҡüͷʱȻ춯

ȻЩü΢壬ʵͻȻʲô衭
֪ĺҡһ޹Ȼ

ȻĿĺҡһ˲΢ǳǷƭˡ
⻰˵Īĺҡţһʵһ

ԭݵҩЧȥˣԭò˳Ľѩа˷ʶָЩ֮⣬ѹסް顣

ȻĺҡǰͬݣݵҩЧһûƭˡ
ĺҡס۵ĳ嶯ûƭˡ

ŶȻµƳ뱩ŭ״̬Ĺޣ΢
ǡƭĺҡȻ

ʵĽѩվһǶȻὫġ
ƫƫڡ·УÿһĽĽѩҵĽѩ֮ӶԼФ벻Ůĸ˼תƵŮϡ
žǡݼڡ֮Сɡ
ĺҡš

һߣδĹѹƵ޷Ծɲźݻͫɭ䣬ӳȥὫԹŮǧУ
ĺҡȻͬʱȥ

⡢ԡСŮ
ĺҡȻһʺš

ڷȻȥͬʱһ£ȼøЩ
ڱһ㡣

ǣ
Ȼһ鵭ָ̧ջȥԭȼƾķƸ˼¡
ԶԶվŵĺҡⶼ̲סһ̧֮еĹޡ

ȻɽΨһһֻˣ߰ӣϲвģ˿̶ֵġ
ĺҡոУ˵ҺһȻ׷ɱʱὣ׷ɱǵ׷ɱ

Ȼȥ
ֵʱĺҡܵδһͻʹ΢ʹת˲ǧѵһ

ĺҡ۵ˣһ䣬ַסӣǿס塣
ΣΣΣԭ˯ϵͳһ̶

·УҪǲڲʱȥ
ڣȻλδɱġ

ĺҡϵͳľ棬δʹ̲ס
ʹе˶ˣǻһܹ֪ʹܣǵõۻȥ

ʹ֮࣬ĺҡ⻹˼š
һ˲ڳһ£
Ȼת΢䣬ʵô᲻ˣΪ飿

Ȼǡĺҡ΢ŴҲΪ顣

·УҪǲڲʱȥ
ҲҪ
ǣ
ֻҪС

仰˵ֻҪҪˣͿˣ

ĺҡӹһ˿ײķȴǵ΢Цʦ֣и顣
潨硭

ֱȥɡ






8.  ڰ   ࿳ҹֻϧ


ã󻹲ռط
ĺҡԺϵͳľϣ˵Ƿ飬һֱӱϵͳͽʹʧȥʶ

ĺҡˤڵǰһ˲Ȼֽסˡ
Żˣֱսָ⾶ֱ̽ĺҡ䣬ĬȻ

Ƭ̣Ȼüͷ΢ȥ޵˻ɷգ䲻Ҳˡ
˱˴˵ء



ĺҡˡ
һŲ԰ĹϿʳɢ
۶ˡħ˵ϼѵĲƷ


УŰŰ
ĺҡʶԼ˿Уһ֮ãλڹʳ
λιʳһöɢ鵤һʧȥ

мֻʳʱĺҡָ̧֣
еĹһ֮£Ϊγ

˴ȻΣ͸ǡ

ĺҡʩ󣬴ɫԲ԰ס
˶Σԭ֫סĴӡһȻ顣
߳ߡ

⣬
һһɫӰԶת˲ĺҡǰ
ݿ԰ףѳ֮ɫǽץ˴λҹ

ҹɫɭȻĺҡ⣬㾹ӳֻʣӻɽ𣿡

ĺҡֻǾҹ
ڽڲǸûҪķѣ˾𣿡ҹһתǹңһܹһ

ֻǸξѡ
ĺҡԼĵ

һ˲ҹǸ߸ϡǷģһƺ˹ȥ
еҹӹһ˿֮ɫƺ̫ĺҡôһƺϡ

ⲻͱˡ

ĺҡⷴȥָḧǡ
ޱؿŵҹָᶯĳһ΢ͻĵطȻͣ


ԭĺҡеĽǣһһ˳

ξеǵʹ
񣬷ӨӨտĹ˵ͨһ֮С

罣տ⻪ȻĻȴջҪҫۡ財
һ£ҹԭŤ

ʶξгʱĺҡ⾪ѹǴһ΢ġ֮ͬ⡣
ǽ֮

ûͦʵ
࿳ҹֻϧһϵͳá

δʹĺҡʶѣ̧ȥǰķȻ

Ȼĺҡֵ˱ݵǰֻ˵֣ˮ
ĺҡܳʶ̧۷ȻֻСǲǱ괩ˣȻˮ

ӭĺҡĿ⣬ȻĪк壬ЦˣȲȣȣˡ

ĺҡԣֽӹ豭ˮһ۽⿴ȻԾ֣ƺڵŽӹеĲ豭


˯һȻͱˣ
ôġ

ĺҡЩ̽ŵıӷŻ˷Ȼģлλʦ֡

Ȼĺҡ⣬ɲ԰ף˫۾ȴ
뵽ǰĺҡԺ̽ʱĨ⣬ɫ΢

ֶÿֻҪ֮˻£ܵõ⡣
ĺҡ֮з⣬Ĩ⡭ġ
û͹ȥĺҡôķ⣿

Ȼ˼ȥʼղ⡣
ĺҡ϶壬Ƿ˵ġ
ֿųΨµΨһһֿܾǡ£

ǣ
ܡ
ûʧ䡣

ȻЦĺҡ⣬ȴʵǲĶ
ĺҡɻţǰ

֮ǰȻǿ
ķ֮뵽ûĺҡĨӲͷѹȥʵ֮ǰûط

֮ǰǾһˡ
㻹ͱһ׷ɱﶼء
ĺҡĬȻ˵ţȻܰĸ˵Ӧ£ҵһμʦ֣ʦ־Ϊˡٷ硭

ǣ
Ȼһĺҡ鲻αɻ

ĺҡ÷ȻЩ֣ĵĳʵʦ⣬кɻ֮𣿡

ڡȻʶĺҡڵķӺζӴ˫͸ͫȴ΢˶٣תἰһ⡣
̽ʱܲˣô£

ĺҡԣ΢
Ȼô¶ⶼʵҪϡ
ֲܴ̫ܲ档

ĺҡ˼ʱű죬⴫Զ
ĺʦã岻ʣڿɻã

ĺҡ˼ȥţȻһָ˻ȥ
ţȻ˵պ󣬷תȥš

ĺҡⴹȻнԶǣɫ˿߹յ⣬ͬȻֻСһ㡣

Ȼ򿪷ţһϮѩ׳۵Զüû£Իȥˡ

Զĺҡ޹ʻ֮£ģȡЩҩǰȴĺҡⷿڿȻ
΢üǰӣ΢ĺʦϢ֮λʦôڴ˾

ȻܲˬԶġǺǡ֡

ʦ֣ûô󰭡
ֵʱĺҡӷڴλʦû¶Ȼȥˡ
ȻһųЩ

ĺҡ߹׼ű뿪˳ƹţȴ˫۾ˢˢ

Բеš
ĺҡ⿴ſڵķȻԶ̽Եʵλʦ£

Ҫȱɣ
ĺҡûٽڡ
û뵽䣬ȻԶԼͬ

ԡ
ˣ߶ĺʦˡ

ĺҡ⣺
λ磿
Ůڣǲ˾ľϾ顣
Ϣġ

ĺҡ⻰˵ˣҲջȥһЦλʦ

Ȼԣ⵭Ƴĺҡ⣬ƮƮĵлλʦá
˵գԶǰ棬ݡ

ĺҡ΢ЦǫԶʦҲ

Զĺҡ⣬ҩݳд˹֮⣬ĺʦãڼЩ֮µ˴˴λᡣ

ĺҡܾǰķȻȻ豭һģһ죬ûˮˡ
£޳ָһûһµ档

ʦɡ
ĺҡһδȥԶڡ
첽ߵǰȻǰĲһ䡰ȥЩˮȥȥͻءתݡ

ȵĺҡСȲδԼǰʱһԼҶľ

߽һ
üһδӽδֱ֮ӴˣҲ֪Ϊʲôġ
ҷɣһȺúõűУҽۡ

ҶԶʦСİ
λʦΪΪôԴСأ
ԶʦСı󣡡
ԶԶԣ
ҪٴˣٴĻ۶ᱻƵġ

úҶｹ۽⿴˰ڲԶྐྵӵĺҡ⣬֮࣬æܹȥĺҡ⣬㻹ྐྵӣԶʦֶˡ

ĺҡԣ˵Զ˶ҪΪԶӮ˻񾳽ķȻǲ˺ðɡ
ѹ۹ص㣬һѹӣҶܹ˳ƽйӵݵҶС

Ҷʶӹǰѹӣһ˲ŷӦйһĺҡ⣬뽫ĺҡ

飡
Զһȷűನ飬˲

Ҷ״ˣæĺҡôȰȰǣ
ĺҡⱻҶ뵡ҺεºܣʲôݣôȰöλʦ֣
ң֪λֵΪʲôģ
ڽ֮

һЩߵ˲ֻŮĽѩȰö

㲻Ȱһô֪Ȱ
ۼҶ첲ĳȥĺҡæסΣӦúúá
üͷҧ´λʦְˣ۶ˡ

䣡
ײһ۵ذϱҳһ
ĺҡⴹȥЩʯ

ͬһʱ䣬ȻԶջ֡
ĺҡ״ü΢ƺЩȰ㡣
ô֪ԼȻôӣ

㾹ȻĿԣҶüͷһ塣

λʦζģĺҡϢԼֱۣޱķȻԶʵ

Ȼ𴽽ǣλʦ̽ұָһ


Զ˳Ĭ֮С
δ˺޳֮ˣɵãŻͷλʦû֮ϣʵΪͨ

˵գһۣԼ֣ͬѺáա






9.  ھ   δӽһĽѩء


ۼɪС顱ѺáãһֲĲ֮ƣĺҡæеǰѹȻشУӭ

ǣ
ĺʦá
ԼͬĺҡٱĿ⡭Ŀעš
һҶһԶ

ĺҡ治ɫĿǵλʦڴʱλҪ֪۱ҳһӣҪʯġ
λʦ֡ʯ𣿡еʵ

Ȼ߰ĵͻȻסˡ
Զڴº͵ЦݹҲסˡ
Ҷ

Ҷ棬ȥ۹֧޲۵⳥ʯ

ȻԶǷҶһʯ
Ҷǿ£ԶʦֲػʯδΪӽôܻǷôһ鲻ء

λʦǻһʯĻ÷ծҶԷȻ

ĺҡվһԣԱȻɫķȻʵ̲סЦ⣬¶һײĻȡ

Ȼһ䡰ллҧӳݷ΢ת㲶׽סĺҡǿЦ㿴Ŀ⡣

ץ˸ŵĺҡһգգۣĿ⺬ᣬϿҵĳʦ֣ҼǵõģһǷһʯʦٸһЩʱգһһʯʦֵġ

ĺʦáԶ׼ʱڵһʱ޷Ѱһʯҡ
˵üΪ棬ȻԼǰ޷⳥۷ʱľȡ

Ȼԣüĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ⾫һæҡҡͷʦ֣Լ֮£Ͳ鷳ʦˡ

Զ˵ЩʲôʱһԿҶţ޷񣬶ðֻôæ뿪

ȻƳʦÿҪһʯ
ʦַģգҶὫǷʦֵһʯϡ

ȻĺҡĵģͻȻЩõԤС
Ԥ֮ãĺҡգȷĲǸ𡣡

ĺҡæͷס
һʯپȸ˾С
һ˲Ǿ;һȺˡ
ܰһʯճġ

ȻԾɴɣ뵽ǰ̽ĺҡĨ⣬ɫһ䡰ҵʦáȥ



ʻ繡
ʱէ֣عԾƲ㣬Ĺ
ԶԶɽ죬Բǽפء

ͣڽפĳǳرϣĺҡһۺ֤ƣС

ڲҵ鲼ɽ磬ɽ뢡
ǳǽУнһϵвҵڵڳгסнŻݡ
ҲɽʿͷҲڵԵ֮һ
Խ洫ӵߣƾ洫ӵƣɽһöʯ
ǲҪΪƶġ

ôˣôǮȻ洫ô䵽Ҫάأ

ĺҡҲ̫
һûǮľֹֻΪ洫ǰΪ洫Ӻ󣬽Ȼúܣƾǿ洫ƣҲǸ˺óһʱ䡣

˴νУŷȻĹ⣬ĺҡһҲһŴ
Ⱥ

صڣ硣
ȻҪ񣬽˽ڣһϢδ㾶ֱȥ
ֻǣĺҡȻ뿪ǰֹģһ˵С˸òҪЩʲô¶ɣ

һǰڸ㵹ҹʱûϷȻȵȻټʱ򣬷ȻѸĽѩ׷ţϾˣȻûˡ
񣬷ȻûĽѩ⣬¶úܣùġɣ
ĺҡ磬ΪԼһʱġ

ӹһϮѩ׳۵Զ߹ĺʦãǲμպһؿ˵ơ
⼸ĺʦмˣ˴οʮһ죬Ǵˣʱڡ
лʦ֡ĺҡӹƵ

ҶվڲԶƼԶͬĺҡ˵æܹĺҡ⣬ֲŶԶԶʦ֣ҵղŴң㣬߰ɡ

ĺʦáԶɲºͳǽڴ˴βμӿ˵ĵᣬиΪ÷ݣ⼸ĺʦÿɿһ

Զʦ֣
Ҷ״Ŀ䵽Ǳϣ鿴
ԶһܹҶԼĽӴӣһ֣еĵݸĺҡ⡣

ӭҶӵĿ⣬ĺҡⴽһ΢Ц˹лʦֵ⡣
öʯһĵᣬ԰ɣҽʯʦ֡
ӴϽʣöʯԶδջȥ

˼ɵԶʣĺҡ⻹صرܿԶĵĽӴһű㼰ʱ룬ȫȻûԶİ֡

üһԽԽλˡ
ĺҡⴹ΢̲סΪԼޡ

ĺʦá
Զ΢٣Ŀĺҡ봹۽ϣҲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
뿪ǰֵֻݸĺҡһƿҩ

ĺҡվڽУŰɫƿԶԡ
ʦ֣ҩİɣһԲϾҩ

ĺҡڵվ˻ŻعԶǱᡣ
УڸֵϸڣɴܽһЩóΪϢ

еĵᣬĺҡĿɨ
һӣ㽫ῴһ顣
ַĳһҳ䣬ָḧҳУþò
˴˺һҳ

λʦﶼãΨһ̫õľһĽѩ֮£׷ƫִ

ĺҡпһǱߵ䴦ųӵĵطⱾǴ𣿡

һŴⱾʲô𣿡
ĺҡͷȥ˵꣬ò㣬ɫ״ɣ˫۾˵ʱ΢΢ȣȺÿİ

˾ƯСʦܣĺҡ̲סλʦܣⱾ󣬷кЩ㶫ͷʦܰæһ£𣿡
ԣüһ䣬Цͷҿһʦеĵֲᡣ

ĺҡ˳Ƶݹȥָҳм䣬Ӧȱһҳ鷳λʦܰҲϡ
ӹᣬֻһۣĺҡͬһԵȺƬ̡

ĺҡ⾪ֻһ۾֪ȱʧһҳĿⴹڿհҳдݡ

˺ҳϣʵֻȱӵϸϢ
Զ˺ģӦĽѩйصݡ
Ľѩ⣬Ϊ֮һˮΪڣڱչأչΪǷнδ֪

ԶһʼⱾᣬǺ⣬ϣɹ뽣ţ޷Ϊ洫ӣҲʮ¡

Զֱ̬ȽϾᣬ뵽ڱԹУĽѩϣֲĽѩαԡ
ͳⱾǰص˺дĽѩϢһҳ

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λδľӽһĽѩ֮£Ͳˡ
Ȼԣһ˴֮£ǰɣΪͱȽϹ
ֱúܡ






10.  ʮ   ΪĽѩ׽㣬ǵ


֣󻹶ǿ顣
ڡ·УԶֲΪϿ
˵СС˵Ҳ

ֵһǣھУΪ洫ӵʮ䣬ӵĹҹ׽סУҲԶΪڲƶš

еһ̵꣬ʦšδһѶϢû͵
Ʊҹۣǧصʱȴ˱֮⡣

һգԶһϮѩ׳ۣǴտĻеӳģǰֳɾˡ
ǱһѪ۵Ůӣƽº͵˵ĮĻҲʶλ

ʦ㣬Ѿˡ
߽ĺҡ˼˻ĺҡ⿴ŵݹĵᣬл

״һշĨ΢죬ǸⱾ᱾Ǵȥģ˲ǸȵǸġ

ĺҡüͷǵĴ˺һҳ
䣬꿴ǱᣬüƺЩ߰㣬ɻʵѵ뺦ʦ𣿡

ɡ
ĺҡЦЦô⡣
·У˵ȥˣҪһһȥĵ˼㡣

˵ס
ֻһѡ

ĺҡⴹҳϽĽѩǸֿۣͬǡ
䴽ЦţĿĺҡӰȥ

һһֵصӺСʦ֣ڿʲôأ
˵գ˳ĿȥһۿʧȺеǵӰɵᡰסһʶǲͦĻƿ𣿡

ջĿ⣬Ц΢ʵƿˣ
ֵصæ͵ƿ˾ǿʵпõ˼λĺʦóÿһӵеȴײʡ

ٵӶ˽ۣλĺʦǲǡ
ֵص˵ýζĿⴥСʦִǼЦʱһʱ

ͷ˫ֵͫصӣǲʲô˵
ҡֵصӽͳһûһĻЩŵ˵λĺʦǿòŹ˽յӵ͵ߵģС
иĻλСʦǰ˵

λĺʦýʲô֣겢º͵
ĺĺҡ⡣

ҡ⣿۽գĥ
ҡ⣬ƾΪ֮ǡ

ֵصԣ֪СʦˣæȻǸҡҡҡĹ⣬϶ħǸҡġ
𣿡

ħУħԱ󽫣ֱΪֱΪһࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡ⡣
ഫħԱ󽫸սɽУӤֹ

ֵصţԺ𼸸ĺҡѡʱģ
ΪǣѩΪܽΪ棬ԣΪ֮޶ˡ

˺ÿǺÿɽУˣȱʡ
ʲˣֻΪЩе˿ȸˡ


ۡ
˼ˣֵص̲ס̾һֱϧ



ĺҡⲢ֪зһĻǱԶĵϣȥ

Զ˺һҳϵݣĽѩڱչУպŻزμӴ˴ο˵ĵڶԡ̨ս

ڽУõѡ޷Ǿôʮˡ
ĴеĺĵӣѾɽС֮ˣиʡĵӵȡ

Ϊȸͳ
磬ȻֻСˣǻϵУߵĻʿػһ
ٱ磬ԭŮĽѩ⣬ͳ֮һˮϵһʡ
ڽľˮ֮ıǴȹߣҲɱȼ֮С

ĺҡⱧǱᣬ𡶵·е趨㣬ƣ糣˲

λʦáһĺҡ

ͬʱĺҡнĽѩµǸ֣߶˳ѩ
ѩ󣬡·

ĺҡеָתͷȥֽסѩ

ѩһ䡣
һϮ£խխһ

ѩΪ·ī£òǺÿ˾޵һ
һ˫۱߿ɼһɫǡôĳ֣ѩԭݶЩұС

·УŮ屻ͷ¿ȻҲҪҵӦ

ɽ統ʱ֮һҼһŮ˽ӡ
ѩĸҼҽңֻ͵ĽҼ

ѩĽʮ꣬ѧʱʮһ꣬ԭҡ
ҡԭ򣬻д֤
ҼŽѩӻҡ

ѩ
ѩ
ѩ⡣

⻹ѩ뿪ĽҺѩһټ
ա·еľ飬ɽ¿ĵԴʧ䣬Ůûʧ䡣

ĺҡ⿴ɫѩ󣬳ɻλʦֽסң£
һѾʶѩķȻΪԻ½

˻ᾪ̾ľòˣֱֻһüһ
ԭԼһ֪ѩһƤͰкڣڲ̬ڻĵ·һȥ

֮ѩǸƤĲ
ȻУ˵Ĳ
ĸ˻һӴ

ѩصҺȴ˽ӵݶܵų⡣
£ԸųܵҼûһ˲۸ѩġ
λĸԼĶˣȴӭԼ˽ӡ

λĸĺڵúܣԴѩģɱﻹ˰ѩ
ҪѩִԴ⻷ͱλĸˡ

ټżȻһλᣬѩԼͬλĸ֮Ի֪Լĸ׵

ԭѩĸǱĸŰɱλ׵ʱֳĸײϿȴһһ㱻Űɱġ

ĸѹѩһݣֱӵĺڻ
ѩݷ꣬ڰŪɱĸ˺󣬽ʵȨ˹

ѩڻ֮ȴԽĽҵǶĽңĵΨһİ¹⡣
˵ڰеȴѹȾϺڰһ١

ĽҼ֮ǰѩѾõϢл֪ȴû˵Ľұš

ѩֻˣһĽѩ⡣
ûĺҡ⣬ҲǸȵġ

Ľѩͷ꣬ѩһֱڰĮȻţֱĽѩһȦ֮С
ҪĽѩֻһˡ

ŮĽѩԾ˿ͷ֮󣬱ȣҡµӲùܹģֻѩһˡ

ŮԭֻѩǸ̬𽥱ʣŲα֮ȥ

Ľѩһ治϶Լ˵簡ôеͷءһȴ̲סѩĺС

ɴչһ澳ȴĵС׻ϵŮƤ°кڵĺڻ֮ŰĹ¡
˼£ӭHE֡
ЯֳȥڻɣϽ硣

ֵһǣڡ·Уĺҡ󲿷ֱҾЩռ˾󲿷Ҫأ䱳ѩŮռڱƶ

ƣ
ΪĽѩ׽㣬ǵλˣ

ʡ
׽㣬̸ٶ
Ҫô

մ֣ͿԱΪġ
ѩ֣Ӧó֮Ϊвɵơ






11.  ʮһ   ˣҿΪ


ĺҡбǱᣬ΢Цؿǰһɵ
λϳˣʶ֪еĵںδģһá

Ӵ̽ء
ѩһøĽѩôֵĵ᣿
ľռ˸׼ţĽѩؾ͸

ĺҡ²ۣ鲻䣬ȻλʦԭⱾᰡ
ôиѩ۵꣬Ǵġ

лλʦá

ͬţﻥӦõġĺҡЦ
ʻʲôҪæ
ûеĻͳˣżϷˡ

ûˡ
ѩӦһֱԶĿ룬۽޸µɫӰ

ڴʱվһԵһλʦò׹ǰԼеĶ򡭡ʦܣһµĵᡣ
ʲ˴ĵطⱾ͸ʦܰɡ

ѩջĿ⣬ûڵݹǱɨ˲ɤǧ֮⡣
ѩ֪ñ͵ĵͬġ
Ǹ

ѩܾˣλʦѩĲգɲֻ΢ѩ뿪ķ૵λʦܶԼá
ȫȻûʶѩѯʹĵص󣬴˿ȴת˴

һߣһ뿪ع׹ůĺҡٸлů
ѩڵĵط¶ȶо

ĺҡվʯϣŬֱԼʱסںδʰ׶¡
ʯۣӳżг

ĺҡһԼ֪ߵ˽ںɽ
ڼӺɽס·뿪ʱԶݴд΢춯дѪζ

ĺҡɫһʶ̽˲䣬ͳǸȥ
ȱʯء
ⲻ˵Ļˡ

ͻȻ䣬ĺҡŲ΢٣ָ䣬ԶԶվţʵʡ
Ҫ

仰û˵ڣ۽⴦ӹһӰһŲȥڲݴеǸ˶ʱһҽС
֮ң޶ߡ

ĺҡ۽΢飬һϮµķȻԥˡǲħֹϡ
κʦ֡

ֻС˾ôһʯ
ȻȻܵ׾׬ʯĺɽأֻΪ֮ǰһ׬ʯʯ

ͬʱĺҡʶ΢ķŻشС
춯ֵһ˲ʵԤѾãʾ߲ǹֱħ

Ȼ΢Уƣ˶ʺϾȵģΣյħڽںɽΪˣ͵˸ʬɡ

ĺҡ⻺߽עŷȻ²ȶֹǵħȴǳʦԭôõһλʦְҲоȹĽ˰ɡҽˣʦֻʬ𣿡

Ȼһδ뵽ĺҡ˵ⷬü䵽߽ĺҡϡ
͸żֿγĺ棬ڰ׷ɫʡ
޵µò߹һĨǳЦȴǷ̰㡭

̣
ȻͻȻ뵽ʣĪЩ꣬ü۷⣬㵹ͦ࣬ôԶҲᡣ
뵽ĺҡǸʣͦģˣҿΪѻ𣬻ˡ

ĺҡӷȻᡱ֣۽΢飬ǺǣǻǶлʦ˰
˵գŷȻŵħ￴

ħﱻȻݺݲڽ£Ҳá
ĺҡ뿴ħģκħȻһѲڿ
ֲõŷȻ涯ʶֻ˰Ȧ΢ͼƼħ

ĺҡҪħȻüһ޳ָħ죬䳶Щħɲǡ
ûɡ

仰δ˵꣬ĺҡȻ̧֣䵲סߣɵħô𣿡

ĺҡû뵽ȻȻôģͻȻһѽħû׼ء
ʱһ棬ˣŶ
ƣ

ԼݣĺҡŷȻɣ˳˵ȥһûħܵи׼

ȻԣһӲͦԭơ
˵գһţħصȥ

ĺҡ֣Ŀ⼰ʱ׽סħݣüͷ΢˲ַܿŻ
ֶ˷ʦ֣ȻҿܾҪɽˡ

ȥýģôתɽˣ
Ȼɲħ߰΢²ɽ׬ʯ

˵գĺҡش𣬷ȻԹԵɽʮ¶һˣˣǼ񲻵˵ġ
Щֲʵʵˡ

𣿡
ĺҡӦ˾䣬ü۴Цתߡ
δ߿ӣӭڷȻ˵ʮ¶˳ֵĺɽһµĵӡ

޴򶷹ˣ֪λʦÿҩµӴɫ԰ףʵ
СĺҡӦƾҪӴȡҩ
лλʦá

µϲüңлĻδ˵꣬ȻĺǳһԶ
ǣԼˣɽҴʲôȥˣ

λʦ˵㡭
θɣ

µӲ뷴
ֻǣⷴĻתһϮ¡ΪķȻȻֹ

ʦ֡µӵˣͷõģʦ˵ǣлλʦõĺ⣬ҿԼȥˡ
˵գȫȻû˰㣬Ѹ٣Ӱܿʧʯ׾ͷ

ĺҡŰɫƿĶ£ҧʦֵúܡ
һ˵ţֲɫѾȥֻħʵʦڲżںɽħһ¿Щϱ𣿡

һʱȻ
ĺҡԣ΢ЦԱ㡣

ĺҡתǰߡ

λʦãɷһæ
Լ£֪Լ𣿡

λʦãܲܡ
ôԵĵӣԼʰɽȥɡ

λʦá
ʲôºʦֲУǵʦð㣿û۾

λ
ǣ

ȻЦΪʶɨ˲ϯɽ
ɽ֮ĻʦʦʦʦǶʱܵ־š

ҵû뵽ôСһɽȻôˡȻһƽﲻúĥʱա
ʱðɽƽˡ

ʦ֣ԺɽĻʥءСֵܻӭ̶һ֪
һɽûˣǻǧǧɽĻʥ






12.  ʮ   ֮𡣡


Ȼһֱ߳˺ɽԲݣĺҡͻȻסŲһԹʦ֣֪Ƿһʯһᾡ컹ģһֱҡ

ʯȻǿ
ĺҡԣдɻ󣬿ĵķȻ

Ȼüղ־һΡ


Ǿȣ
пӣŻֻС˵İɡ
ĺҡ챻ЦˣϸԼʾ⣬ҪҪ

ʾĺҡⴽ΢䣬Ӧõأлʦ־һ

ǻʯҲԡ
Ȼʶ뵽ĺҡڵĨ⣬ĺҡ⽫Ĩ⻹ɻߣȴͻȻֹסˡ

Ҳʲôĺҡʵ
Ȼ˴ЦҲңһЩʯʱա

лʦֵƽⰡĺҡ΢Ц
Ȼ΢䣬ֶĺҡ⿪ΪԼҪһѩǰˡ

ȰȣȻ˺һҲûȵǵ𣬲ɵɻתͷȥ
ӭģֻɽ硣

Ǻǣ
Ȼɫ΢ðβЦһ



ĺҡתߣڽתãҵԼס
һλؽڣѾһǰˣЩǲ·ҲȻ

뽣̨ԻмգݸҲǵ໥дԡ

ΪŵӰŵһСԺλжĸ䡣
ĺҡһ̤СԺڣԼڵЦ˼ãһĻ֮ķչ

վſڣĺҡܸڵ˵

λĺʦ÷Ȼͨŵĳˣ˲ء

ãԶʦֺҶʦֵһҪȻƾǰôܻͨοˣ

˵һ·ϻԶʦ֣Ҷʦ㶼ˡ

ʦ֣ô¶ܹ⼸鰮ԵС
ĺҡվ˺һΪЩͬҲûκβ
ֱţŷ֨һ죬ڶʱž

عսڣҲŵ飬һԼεı顣
ԼһصĹӿǡ

ྐྵӵˡ
ĺҡŹ߽ݡ

ĺԭĺʦû˰һɫȹŮӿİ͵վ
Цĺҡ⣬εǼĺʦϳãůͣ䡣

ĺҡԣλʦ¡

˿̴ڵӽǺüǰ˽š
κ츳ڣѧҲѧᣬûȵνڿˣο˽ʰʰ뿪ڡ

֮УĵӲ
˽ӽΪʥأڸһᣬȴǰܸĥУδܼ

ÿһοУŵĵ֮٣۽洫ˡ
֮䣬žɭϵĿơӦģԴ϶бŵӣ洫ӡ
ϾڲһȺ

ΪһȺеĴڣ¡μο˵ġ⵽СԺλΪ쳣Žġˡһ⡣

һ̫رͻˣǲȺܻӭġ
ңʵʵ˵ܹЩԵص㡪ŵӿġƿˡ

ƿˣһпáһĹˡ

ŮæྐྵྵûȻĺʦûˣǾͲţ뿪ˡ
˵գ˽²һصĹӿǣһž죬׼ƹĺҡ⡣

ĺҡλʦ㣬һ£ྵĹǴõ𣿡
԰ôˣŮͣ½ŲסĪ

ڽÿ·һεԴλʦҵĹӣǲǸøһЩʯĺҡűߣƽ

ӿɻǴԵء
ÿ¸ŵӷһԴҩʳɵԼѡԴࡣ

ǰŽ뽣ŲãԺλʦԴ˻ҩѡ񣬸ѡһӻ
Цˡ

ӻԻ֮࣬ĿĹӣڡ
ѹӻǽӻ

һĺҡҪʯŮӵͲˣüͷһµǳһõô᲻ã

ĺҡüһ㡢ӣ
ɨһصĹӿǣָָλʦ鷳һ¼Ǯ

ߣλʦһ¡ĺҡЦŴű˹ȥ˹ÿ۹ӣƴСһӿʮöʯ

λʦճˡʮݵʮöʯλʦ㲻붯ʰӣɨķãžٶʯ

ɡĺҡߵŮǰ´תЦλʦʯͺá

ĺҡ⣬㲻Ҫ̫
Ůӻδ˵ЩʲôԱһλʦ

Ůɫ΢æǰǰĺʦãôҲֵʯɡ

ʦȻ˵ǾȥͬĹӻңҲĺҡЦӯӯ΢

Ůԣʱһҭ
ôܣ
綼ѽĶˣôʯô

ڴʱһֱһԲɫ΢ָ΢Ԧĺҡע䡣

飡
ĺҡ⶯죬ذײλʦ㣬ڵų׺ϣϵʵʵģ϶Ҳ¶
ڶʱ࣬ĺҡתϱ̨

յģƣ
λʦ㻹óΪ˰õжֶΡ

λʦ㿼ǵˣĺҡ΢Ц

ҡҷ£ĺҡԽޣӨӨ
ĺҡȴͬ˵Ķ̲סɪɪ

һӺ˽Լȫҵĺҡ⽫ӴɨɾŴĺҡ˳
ĺҡ⿿űߣĿλʦȥЦλʦߣҾͲˡ

ԣܵøЩ
ֱ֣ͣһɽ档

µʯȫûˡһ˵

ŮзŴ룬ǶԸˣѵ˻Ը𣿡
μӴ˴Ŵȣ룡
Զʦҵ֪Զʦһλ᲻

˵ǡҶʦ㣿
ҶʦǵĻ𣿡
Բ֪ˡ



ĺɫĺϣĺҡ󣬽ȻǸ˳
ֵһ˲Ӷӹ⻪

ͦů͡
ůӵģҲ

ΪʲôĺҡⶢǸ૵
ͷַȻĲԾˣԴ󣬷Ȼ̬Ⱦ͸֮ǰһˡ

̬ȡһĪᡢֲòĸо

ǷȻϷʲôˣ
ϳ˱صʺͱѹƵĽǣ֮⣬Ҳ˰ɡ

ৣ
ĺҡҡҷϿ˲佫
ҾͬȻֻСһԵݲðĶ

ĺҡգۣĸֳЩտһĨ
տ͸ı֪˵⣬̡һǸ𶳳ɱ顣

ڳװ
ķںУѡ

ĺҡָŶǣ΢տĹ£ĴɫЩ԰ס
ðΣ̧ƽؿڱеķ鲻

˵֮






13.  ʮ   ҡˣҵˡ


صħ磬ܹӮ˿̵ķȻ
΢ʹʱ޿̲ڻħ

ǸһҲֻɽУᡢҲóħ硣

·УĽĽѩɢɽ¼ʧ䣬ħ֮á
ʹʧȥ˼䣬ΪʵıҲħϲŸְ취ħ硣

ԭд
ĺҡ֮;ħ磬תת꣬Ҳħ硣
Ϊһ壬ȴѡ˳ΪµħĽѩС
̾ɱ

ҹɫ٣һյĽ𽥰
»ˮԺС

ҹһͬסԺе˲һͬ춯ڼžҹɫΪ̶
꣡㶯С㣬𳳵Ǹɷˣǡ
˵ʲôĶ𣿡
˵ˡ

Ժ춯ֹܿƽ
ĺҡⶢűڱеķ𣬾ãŷſ֡

ݣ
ãڵõѣԭĳָֻҫۡ

ĺҡ⿴ûķȥ԰ױָ׽ס
ԭȵķһ˲侲ָ䰲ˡ

ĺҡ״Ц£ջشС

ҵСˣһҲᱻѱ
ֻǣ˲

ֻС˻۷ĽѩŮ⻷֮£¸߰ͷ­ԸΪŮеǱսķ
Ȼĳһ֮ʱ



һ磬ĺҡǱѵġ
Ҷ⣬š顱

ĺҡⲻᣬ˹Լһྻѡ
ãȥš

׹Ʋ㣬ȾϽ𻪡

ŵһ˲Ҷ֣ȴͣû֧һͷԽ
ҿĺҡַһѣҶûˤء

ĺҡ㡭
ҶվΣ̧ȥĿĺҡѩ׵ϡ
յ޶ˣǡ

Ҷ΢˲ŷӦѸתĿ⣬ǵôôţ

ҶʦĺҡһҶ˵Ҷʦ㡱֮£һתֱӵ𣿡

ʲô̬ȣҶü̷ȥǸ֮ϸ˵һ˵ص֪ͨһ

ĺҡԣҶ飬³֪ͨԭԶġ
Ҷһ£Ｑ

á
ĺҡͷ׼תţҶֵסš
ͷҶ

ҹȥɫ׵øƵġ
ҶĺҡݣȥͿ֬

ĺҡԣüƺҶЩȡ

һûп֬ЩһﾹȻǻ
ƿˡ

Ҷ΢˲ǰĺҡȻȻȥӰ
ʲôĺҡ֪ʡ

Ҷع̵ˣԶʦֲŲῴ㡣
˵գ֣ӴһĿ֬ĺҡ⣬΢°ͣնһУˡ

ĺҡ΢û뵽ҶͿ֬Լеݴȣɵ̧Ҷ

Ҷɻ󣺡ôҪԸ𣿡
һ˵ţһ߽֬ĺиǴ򿪣ĺҡȥ󷽵ȥɣҵһӡ

ڵĺҡһҶԺĴתתԺУԼ˱裬΢һڱķ¡

Ҷʦ㡣

Ҷ΢˭׼Ҷʦˣ
ԭżŮ΢˲ֲŹЦݡ

ĺҡתʱ㿴ԺλʦҶתһһڡҶʦ㡱ţеģ
룬λʦѲɻڸ״ˣ

Ҷͷǳӣʯ𣿰Ūˣðɨɾ𣿡

Ůһҭ૵ɾ

УԶʦֲģҲǣԶʦ֡Ҷ΢̧Ŀɨˡ
˵ŻҶ۽Ƴĺҡ⣬Ŀ΢¡

ĺҡմһϮɫȹع׹շճˡ
ԭòѩһĨ޴ɫǶǡ

һ˲䣬ҶͻȻֺĵðǿ֬͸ĺҡġ
ĺҡ⿴˺һע⵽ĺҡһͷ˿˸ľ죬ߵ
˵գûĺҡ⣬ȥ

ĺҡתԺˣüŴǣЦ޶ˣкλʦ㣬հѽ

ҶԺ⴫ĺҡ⣿ߣ̷ĳϲŲ㡣

ŮӰҧĿҶĺҡȥһ˲ųô죿ҿҶʦ̫ô

Űɣ̨ԻءŮ
˵գҲתԺš

·ϣŮֻĺҡʲҶǳʱĳ⸡ʻա

뱨𣿡
˼֮ʱŮӷеϵѯʣҿԸԵֻҪһæ

롭Ů૵

ģȴһķ磬ϯƲۼ
Ů߹ʯףһԭʢĻ΢΢ҡҷţת˲ήһɢ



оŴ̷֮һ
̷Ϊˣǽڴ֮һ

ҹƽ̷ĺҡһΪ¼

ĺʦáԶ̷ĺҡҶͬУк

ҶһԶ¶ЦݣܵԶߣԶʦ֡

ԶɫܹҶĽӴҶ˿գЩʧ䣬ʵԶʦ֣£㿼ǵôˣ

֪ΪΣĺҡע⵽Ҷ⻰ʱԶʶ߿һۣŻشҶ⡣
ڿ֮СԶ

żԶʦǡҶӦ
˵Щʲôʱ̷ɵһ˸ȥһķ䣬ѯʡ

ĺҡգҳˡޡǩҼٰΪȥǹլС
У֮ԣҲЩʲô

̷¼ԣʵҹ㿴Ļڿɻӡ󣿡
Сĺҡ⿴̷ӣָ΢ǷһΡ

ҹҵ𣿡
ûСĺҡش
ʧ϶ûĽѩġ

⸱еŮӣһҲûУȷûмŮ𣿡
ĺҡԣ䣬ðβŴҼȷûмġ

õģлл㡣̷ӵͷ˴μ¼뿪˷䡣

ʧȥ˼䡣


ĺҡգ̷ۣеδ֮ǰԼʶ˻
ʶ֪ǷԻ⡣
޷ǾλѩͨһЩֶΣ̷λڼ¼֮ʱ̽ѡ

ĺҡɷһţ߳䡣

λʦã˴ҪμŴȵİɣûͨ󣬼̷̷ſɺˡ
̷鼫ˣĺҡ̷ĸִôĺҡ̷Ķ

λʦ֣ǲǴ·ˣĺҡĿһɨܣɻ
ûûСԣæλʦã̷ġ

ĺҡ̧ߵ߸һŵΣѺŸָɷߡ
価ͷһ̷İ롣

̷ġΣ
Դ̷

ĺҡЩԶԣΪ̷Ůְˡ
̷ԸŮޣŮ޸Ͳ̷

ʦֵĺˡĺҡЦһתһһ˫ͫ
ںɽȻ
ħһĺҡ⣬֮У졣

ô£
̷ЩɻȥԱһġĹ⻪ħﲻ֮£ְ

˼ŵʦˡæ͵ʵƽܰ͵ġ
ĺҡ¡

Ͳס̷ӵ飬ĺҡĴ֮£̷ܹĵط˸顣

ӻٸ̷ֺôĺҡ£ڵԽѣ뿪̷Լס

ҹƷת˲ס¡
Ӱվĺҡⷿǰãţĺʦã˯𣿡

ĺҡţŮӣʵôˣλʦ£

ǸҲ۸㡣ŮӾֱԽĺҡ⣬ߣ߳ȱǸ衣

ĺҡ״΢ӹһ˿֮ɫɵþתȥ׼ʱ󱳲
Ůи߾һѷذףâڰһ


ذ׵ͬʱĺҡŮذ׵ֻ󣬽Ʒ

λʦ㣬㡭
ĺҡ̾ʱ΢ݣΪʵԤһ˷Ӧˡ

ĺ˲佫ãת

һħŮԽԽࡣֱŮӻԹȥЩħƹĺҡ

þò
ڶɤ𣬴ŵƵȻ̣˼ǣĺҡϵ

ҡˣҵˡ






14.  ʮ   룬һ


ЩħһӴĺҡ⣬ͬˮһ㣬˷ܵò
˵Ĵ˿̵ľ

ĺҡжʱڽںɽϵǸħ뵽˿̵״
ؼħǸɺϣħΪ֮

˿̣ĺҡ޷ֻ֣һƽ顣

һħУһֻ޳԰׵ֵֻסĺҡǰδϵķţ仺ϡ
һӰħֳ

ĺҡ΢ۣŬϢȴһ˲ֻǽڷְ°ͣǿ˫ĳϡ

ұĿòɫ԰ףȴȻβ΢΢һĨ΢졣
˫ɣתԵĹޣֻҪһۣԸ˫۾ˡ

ħ֮Զʮħ֮һħһơ
վǰħħһ峤л䡣

ӵһ˫۾лҡˣںù԰һ䱻˴̵Ļ˲ժ

ʲôĺҡ侲ʵ

ҡˣҺòײҵˣ㲻øһЩ𣿡
лָǯĺҡ°ͣǾϲһ㡣
ĺҡ̧һ۱㿴лصģһ

лҡ˵ǺúģһȥһΪҲҡˡ
ħ˶ΪѾءãһҵ㡣

ħˡĸʱĺҡʶеָ⡣

лǯĺҡ⣬Ȼʶϸ΢Ķҡˣҿǻûнҵ֮ϱħ˵ġ
΢ӵУĺҡ૵ڣҡ˿һ˵ˡ

ллôͲǸˡ
ĺҡƽ飬˲ۣһֱתķЧ
һлµĽ׼õذѹлѩ׵Ĳϡ

һѹѩϱ㸡ֳһĨǳѪߡ
ĺҡüͷ

л״ȴǳЦ˫ɫЩȴƯþ£֮ȥ̽ռС

ħһһЦ䡢ʱصĶȻ
һһӴ꣬ÿնˣôҲˡ

ĺҡذףл䲱ߣ䵭ˡ
лԣβ΢΢δκηƯֹ˳һ㡣

ĺҡ۽ƳڵϵŮӣѵλʦˣԱˡ

л䴽ߵЦ΢ЩȴǶĺҡ⡣
һϮɫѵĺҡ⣬зӨӨ⻪ҡôίԼܱССһʿв۸ˡ

ĺҡشлԹԵĴŶˣҡҲһλʿˡ
ǰҡ˿ħ֮ħηĴ֮һ

ĺҡذף
һǱذл䲱֡

лȫȻˣѩײѪ˳źϻ䣬һƬӰ㣬īɫ½ʧ
ƴǣڵҡ˻ǰӣ鶼

ħ꣬ĺҡξǡ·ļ֧ߣںһ֮󣬵ħλħֵߴս֮һ

诡⡢ҡȱѡһţ
ҡ⡣
ѡҡ⡣

ѡҡ⡣
Ƕʱߵġ޹衣
˵顣

ԺĽѩ

ˣ
л΢߽ĺҡ˼˻ĺҡԣ̧Ȼ򴽳ߡ͸һζл䡣
лһϮۣħŰ˿̵鲻á

лŲʳĲݵ˼׷ʵǸԶģǸзȻǸꣿֻǸļһ

üһԭһ֮ڣͰ⽣˸飿
֪ԶȻѩǸꡭ

ĺҡ뵽ǸʱԺһ˫۾
̫ףԼ͸˵˼仰ôͱл

ôôһħܽûаʩأ
ĺҡ̲ס˵

л˭ɱ˱ǡ
繣ȴ˵̵Ļ

ĺҡԣ۽΢飬ǽڣħ硣

ħ磬лΪһ֮Ȼɱ˭ɱ˭
ɽ硣

ҡڹ𣿡лÿĴһ䣬ʵ
һֱ׷Ѱĺҡϡ

ĺҡⲻشл䴽Цɣȴż⣬ĵ˵˭

Ѿ뿪ħˡĺҡü۵ƽ
лĿתؿĺҡ⣬뿪ħôأ

ĺҡ̧л䡣
лһ˫ӿţβһĨɫԽĺˡ

ǹɫĺҡȴô˿̵лһڶСƵġ

ҡˣϴȥһħΪܹôأ
лЦˣβ΢΢Ĩ٣εĻ

һݺڰˣôŬҲò

룬һССʿ۸㡣

ҡˣͲл仺úһصħ硣

ħҿ԰ģҡˡ

ĺҡԣɫ΢£ùŹ֡

л䣬һĹһλ췴С֣˾⣬㵹˾˾˾һεħˡ
Ȼ㡱͡㵹бġ

һлħ˶ʮ꣬ŵȵħ硣






15.  ʮ   лΪΪϸҡⴵ


ֵʱõŮһߣۿҪѹ
ĺҡ״̧ɿؿлɫ΢䡢·һ˲ҪŮӵĳ嶯л䣬㲻Ҷ

лԣü΢ĺҡ⣬ɫżֲײĸӡ
δҲκζ

ĺҡеذףתڵϵŮӣ˻˹ȥ
лԴҡɽôѧأ

ҪɱˣҡҲҪˡ
лעĺҡıӰɵ룺һʵأ

ǰħҡһϮ£ħħηĴڡ
ҡԸҪλҲҪصɽȥصʿĵطȥ
ɽУ⽣ʲô

ĺҡ֪л룬һ䣺Ǿ飬лл
˿̣ĺҡᴹл俿ͶƬӰӣ󲿷ֵĹס

ҲɱɱˡĺҡŻл㶼Ѿһ֮ˣ֪ĺ

ֵʢᣬڴʱ˳£ضƽѲøϡ
һħֶΡ

л΢뵽Щʲôһ䣬ҡ˹Ȼվһģҵġ

ú尡
ĺҡлеϲĵ
л䣬ħȥɣ

лúú壬ȴ쳣ִҲȥġҡ˺ʱȥұʱȥ

ҡ
ĺҡŸһ㱻лϻ
лЦᣬҡǲȥҾͰҡץȥˡ

лвתһɴֿ
ͺ񲻹˵˼Ѱ֮¶ѡ

˵Ƿлһޣħ֮С
ǰл仯ħֳַһڿĺҡ˲䣬ʸĺҡ˪ѩһϣһϸߡ

ħĺҡ̧֣עлħʵɵߡ
ͬһֺÿɵزš

һħȻųⷴӦ
Ƭ̣ĺҡоϴЩ֮Уϸܵʱʱ̽䡣

ⲻһħѡ
꣬ħ֮޴ħŰ

һħ֮ʱϵͳԣΪʹУʺ֮ˡ

Ҳ
ǰɡ
ĺҡĵš

ӡ
ڵϵŮһתѹ
һ۱㿴ڲԶĺҡ⣬󱳶ʱһɵý͵ҡ㡭

ĺҡ䴽Цʦ㣬㲻ҪҾǸô˯ȥˣ
ֵ˱ˮңңһ٣ʦ㣬Ɑǻǽںʦʦã

ҡ
Ůӵڵϣҡҷĺҡ⣬ȴ£Ҳ˵ˡ
ɿȹǾͳ壬ٶȱƽϰٶȻϼ֡

ĺҡҹĻɫ΢üͷ
һһΪҹľȻصʱѾպ󣬸ûϹл䡣
Ҳ֪л뿪ħ֮¡

л뿪ħ磬ڴʱڡΪʲô
ΪƻڵĿʢ᣿

ĺҡһϸڣȴʼղý⡣
뵽Բˣڴתķ



պ̨ԡ
ĺҡȻҪʯȻҲûæֻ˾䡰֪ˡġ

ԶƵ
ڣԶкüѰѯ״̬

ĺʦɺЩˣ
ʦַģ϶ް

ÿԶһضһƿҩ
һȻҲ⡣

Űɫƿĺҡֹ˺ðΡ
Զ״ʵĺʦãл˵

ʦ֣ҩ𣿡
ĺҡܲˣԼһֱĻ˵˳
ﶼϺüƿҩˡ

Զһ㶣Ŀ䵽ĺҡеİɫƿЩʲôˡ
˵գתߡ


ʦ֣ʲôˣ
ˣ

ĺҡһ±ƵĿԶȥֱڶգԶʲôˡ
գԶӴҩˣһ

ĵӽ͵ĺʦãʦƽĽУĺʦյ̨Ӧûá

ĺҡ⿴͹Ľף˿Ǹɽ
϶ܽӡ

Ӽ״һΪѵĺʦãʯģҪⱾ͵С㲻գҲʦֽ

ʲô᣿
Լ¶Լ취ɡ

ƣ

λʦ֣㽫Щתʦ֡
ĺҡǱףԼӴʯС

Ҫ벻Ƿ飬󷨺á

⡭
ллλʦ֡ĺҡɿ
Ӽ״ͷðɡ

ĺҡ⣡
ڴʱҶѶÿĺҡӹǱ׵ľٶɵȳҽӣ

Զʦ㶫ͽ𣿡Ҷ־
ûӹԶʦĶء

ĺҡŽ׵һҶ˸ա
΢ͷ΢Цġ

Ҷԣţעĺҡ⣬˵⽣ϷԶʦֵ֡

ĺҡһüʦġ
ͬʱһתЦЦؿ۶ڲԶŮͬ
λʦ״ɡ

ţ
ĺҡʾŻվһԵӣ͵ʮ˿ʯʦİλʦֿ֤

԰ɣλʦ֣ĺҡʵ

ŶԶԵġ
ҶֱӹĿ⣬ʱܵԼΪ׬Ǯᡣ

Ҷԣüһʱˡ
ҲòĶĺҡȻżֵôʯ

ԶʦдĽףðʮ˿ʯˣǡ̫ϧˡ
ĺҡ⾹Զԣðβ૵ɬȫҵҲôˣЩʯծ

Ҷ̧ȥע⵽ĺҡⷢǸľɵ

ĺҡ⻺ǱջԼĨīϸߡ
̵ȸһ˲ӹлԵɤ𣺡ҡˣиССʿ۸ˡ

ĺҡԣȴӦ
лҵҡôɱʿ۸أ

ȵȣ
ĺҡƽźһǶǰҶ˵ҲǶԲ֪ںδл˵

Ҷԣ䴽ôˣ
ĺҡЦ£ʵȰʦֵĽףȥʦ֣鷳

ܱȵ͵
Ҷһ룬ʱĺҡڳɫѿЩе˽ĺҡ⣬Ҳͬұһ

ĺҡͷŹ涨һΪͬӵĵӲ̨֮ǰ˽±ԡ
ŵ涨

ٷϻǲͬұԡҶ
ܿ죬һ뵽һ⡣

Ȼ涨ҲƻɱǡҶ΢̧°ͣȻǻֱȷ
𣿡

̨УԳǩԳΡ
ÿμӱԵĵӴＸǧˣŵӴɣŵӴĳɡ

Щҵ˾ߣǶѣŵӱȫûսԣս˷ʱ䡣
ǻѡμӽصؿĽݾͨ

ֻҪԽսʮӣһܼͿֱӽ̨һֱԡ
ǽڵ

Խսǵеܹɹġ
ʿ֮䣬ÿһ󾳽֮ĿԽԳԽġ
ս𵤣սԪӤԪӤս
ԽϣԽѡ

ҶüһͺáһΣǻӡ
߳ȥҸǰʮΪһ󾳽ĵӣǵս󡣡

äѡսɶĵ
ڵӳǧ߳ȥǰʮǡΪһĵӣá
һšĳһλĴأ

һվһԵ̲סԵһ
Ȼ˵һžĳλܵĻἫСһأ

ĺҡ⣬Ҳԣ

лĵҡˡ

ĺҡȻ̫ܱԪӤΪҹһƴɵѪҶΪ淨ⲢӦ

á
£鷳ϵͳֲڣܵӦսһɡ

Ϊһϸҡⴵл仰ﵱһתҳ˴ǰĺҡĴʣ

ҡˣ






16.  ʮ   ʷǿŵӣ



ѩԭУѩ衣
ѩڱֱ׹䣬͸׺Ĺ

л˵ǷϢ΢£ϸŨܵ۽ţԭ޵Ĵɫ԰ࡣ
վѩ֮£һϮīۣ˪ϮЯƣѩ

ҡ˲ûгش
뿪ħ磬ҡϴȥħΪѾ޷ٸջӦˡ

лᴹüֱۣЩ͸Щʧ䡣ָ΢еĶС֮С
ֲ̧ѩڵ龰

ѩھӨ͸嫡
һ𣬹һԻ׳۵ѩй

лƣָսȭħϣһȭѩڡ
ѩһ˲ʵ˲ƻѩڵ߽нɱ

䣡
лɢħɱ⣬޾ϣ֮ƣѩԭ˲ɢޡ

лȫһǲκʶƵĽϣǿԿ
л˴ǰȻΪ⽣Կ

׹ѩ׷ס
һƬذؼ䣬лһϮīɫΪۡ
ǽ⽩ãɫԽ԰ס

ʱĳһ˲лӦ΢䣬ĨȻǱѩħϣȻ֡
Ӱת˲룬ֻѩ׷ɡ

֮󣬱ѩԭ𽥻ָ
һƬУѩٶȰθ߶𣬽ѩ䡣
Ĩ˿۵ħǱڹ֮С



ĺҡӦˣ

ԶͽӼ״һ𣬳֮Իδʼ֮ǰæ뿪
ҪһսӦսأǲӦսأ

Ҷԣһ˲һ˫΢
û뵽ĺҡ⾹ȻӦô죬쵽Щϡ

ĺҡ⼸ǰʱɻĩȵʣ֮⣬Ȳвӡ
ʣΪڵŵӣ

ǴȽԽս

Ҷ˼ˣƽһЩҽʿΪ൱֮У˶ʶңȴһʶ㡣
Ҷ߽бԡ

˵գӴߣ˦˸߸ĺҡ⡣

Ҷ֮ŮóȻսлвٵΪݣڱ֮зˮ
ԽսĵУҲ

ĺҡԣҶӦá

Ȼܹݡ
ĺҡҶǻΪѰĵӷ

ڰɫҶɫֲ̫ÿѡѩȹ
ĺҡǴǼɫӷ

ҶӷƼһµĺҡ⡣
ƵĺɫĺҡȴԵƣ°ڴɫ˿߹նɵҫ£˿˿ƵĹ⻪

ĺҡֽе߿ϣҶһĪߣɵתҶ
Ҷ԰Ƴɣݣֻ¶ѩ׵°ͣԼ΢Ĵ

Ҷʵĺҡ⣬н𣿡
аĺҡӦ

ҶԣЩĺҡĽһ̧һ㿴ĺҡӴһŵһĳ

ͨͨ
ѰѰ
ȫޡ

ȥԽսʦ֣
Ҷˡ
ԼҵǱء

ĺҡ͵Ҳż£һѵĽкβף


ҶĿⴥĺҡⷢǸľɵ뵽ĺҡÿķ𣬶һýģĬȻ˵˾䣺

һ˲ĺҡ˼ⳡԣжע𣿡
ҶһҭעӮˣ㷢ԶҪվԶʦߡ

ӮˡҶգۣȻ㲻ӮӮˣҸһýΣ

ĺҡԣδ˼⣬͵Ӧʯɡ
ý㻹ҪҶ⻰ˣ͵ŵһӵŵӰɡ

ʲô񶾵ף
ĺҡԣδͣڼǴ΢΢滺֮С
Ľǡ

һֻһ֮
ǣı֮
һǣҲǷ˽޵ݡ

һܳ
ĺҡ΢Ŀ׹µӰš

˶СԺһƬ֡
ʱã߲ӰͶƧ

ĺҡҶһСߡ
ϴӰʯὫһ·ϵʮսȫȫ¼˿֡
ڶСԺסˣȫȻǵĿǷΧ֮ڡ

Ƭ̣ĺҡ˵һˡ
£𵤳ڡ

λʦ֣ս
˻һ΢˲ĿƼĺҡöӰʯ뵽յſˣȻ

ƾΪսʿƺЩдˡ
ǽΪʯ
λʦֲɵ룬ҲÿʯѲѽš

ĺҡһλʦ֣롣
̬ǫͣȫȻЩ©ļ嶯֮ˡ

Ϊˣʦԭúýѵѵǰλʦã±Ӧλʦã롣

ͬʱҶҲһСԼĵһ֡



ڣԪ㳡
˴ǽڵÿ֮ء
ڿʢڼ˴ʿ͸Щ

ԵȫԪ㳡ϣһʯ¼쿼֮ÿһԽսӰ
ÿÿеã֮ʱʵǰĦӰ

УڶӻӭģʮǰСõ洫֮λĸһ
һ֮Խսɹڵ۷һʮԣڶӹĦӰ

һգеǰĦһսӰ

СʦĶĶе̲סһθп
һ̲סֻǿϧˣСʦ̫׽𵤣ģһֱͣڵ׽ʱȻǽڵһơ

ʿʮʮ꣬ͣȵ׽𵤺òб仯
ѽ׽𵤵ʱʮʮꡣ
һ˾ޣʮ׽𵤣òһֱͣڵ꣬δκα仯

˵ûëҲûʲôë
һ㣬ÿ긵Сʦִӳȥʱڵ¶Сʦֵӡ

ʵǰĵĦųӰ֮ʱ⻪һ
ʵ·¼Ӱ

еӺĵ㿪һӰǡ˿ʼԽսˣ

̨ԽԽŲٵӿʼսⳡ̨еֻսɹ֮ˣȴ֮١
ʧܸա
ʧܵĵ¼Ӱʵʧ¼С

⼸նôԽսʧܵĵӣȻеӲõеһм
һȰ˵ֲ϶ʱ䡣

еӲԽսµĵӴչ֡
ӰУһѩȹ΢һֱ̣޿ɱܡ

Ƭ̣Χ۵˾ӮӮˣ

ǡ⽣Щ𣿡ܿЩĵ̲סѵһ˾һԽս֮ˣҶʦ𣿡

ӰУһϮѩȹŮӴаߣִ֮ԼʲΨҶһ״ʹĶŽС
Ҷ֮ŮҶ

Ҷʦãˡ
ӰͷλʦԴɬ
Ҷߵģô֪ݵģ

Χ۵ڶ΢٣һʱ֮䣬⸴ӡ
ѾΪҶ洫ӵģҲֻҶʦһ˲ʹ⽣˰ɣ

Ҷȵ㲻˵ȥ
Χ۵ĵȫ֪ˣҶʦá

ʱеӺһڼ¼Ӱȥ㿪
һ˲һȴտֳ㡣

ˡ

⣿
ͽˣ
Ӯˡ

㿪ӰĵЩ£Ӱطš
ʲôɲ֪䣬У״̬

ӱӰĩǵտʱܵӵľ

ҶʦþȻκϢսڶˡ
֮Ů̾

ͬʱһӰеĵӽű㷢ʹտҲʼһֵս
ǣ΢˵ﻹһҲǼսڶ˵ġ

˺ҶսͷʶĻ
Ӽ״ֻζʲӰʯ˵һһʽȻ䷢Լƽѧһһʽ

ƽѧö̵ĻнôӰʯУ˾أ
ѧ̬Ȳ棿Ŭ
һ߻Լһߵ㿪ӰʯһӰ¼
У޷԰̬֮

ҶʦӮˣ
֮Ů

оȻôʹôû뵽أ
Ȼ档

ҶŽ̸Ҷʦõķɻþ
֮Ů

һ˰
ҲģôûôأһӰʯˡ

С߶߶Щʲôأ
һԹۿҶӰĵյӵૣһģ˹Ҷŵķɻֱ

ҶʦòΪ֮Ů

ǿȵСԸСſҷſҡ

ҶʦöսˣѵҪһ֮Խսʮ𣿡̲ס

Сԣɵһסˡ
뵽һӰʯ⼸ԣҲԽսıԣҲǳӮѾӮˡ

˼ȥСΪӰʯ˸еί
ô׵ıԣôĵô٣
ʲôҶǿ
Լ֮ŮѧҶŵĳɻ
б¡б¾ŻӮ

СԽԽģ̲סɤӺҲλӣѾӮ߳ˣ

СִӦһʣС

߹·ǧҪ
ʷǿŵӣ
۷Ծݴ






17.  ʮ   㣿


˻һΧʵֵܿһɵӲɵЦһʲôЦ㣬ȡЦĪǿͷˣ

֮Уһһƴģʷǿأ
ô˵ǽʷǿأ
긵СʦֶûõǿšСʦֿĴ֮һĸ

ȡЦһСҧǶ
δֶǵĻ˾֮ˣһһʽǿӰʯ˵У

䲻⣬־ס
ˣ͸Ľޡ

С˼˴ȭͷ
Щӿԣ֮Уһ
Ϊδǰδ˵ţ

˼СզզǱƻһ㣬ĵЦ˵ҵ뿴λʷǿӡĽΣǲǱҶġɻҪ

˵һϮ£Ϊ𵤺ΪǾŷ֮һǳӡ
ŵӣ˴βμӿˣΪһϯ洫֮λ

ǣҪִ򡣡ȡЦ
ٲȻû

˸͵ʦֿñ̨ԵŵӣˣɵÿЩ

ִȣңңһ㣬һӰ㿪
һ߿һߵԸһʦ㣬Ȼʹûֱд󡣴սر

ǰܡֻδ˵꣬Ц㽩סһ˲
ӰʯУտȴ˪ѩ轵ں̹ǵıѩԭ㣬󱳶ʱһ

Ȼλʦ԰ܼ
һſסеĻܵڴĵ¾仰

֮£ֻҡȣȵԾλʦõĽǽ֮һһôֵĳӮ

ֱЦ϶


ӰʯУƽƽĳһֻ˪ѩִš
䣬⽫
âһնƣһ㣬ɱ֮

λʦ͸Ӱʯ˹ˡ
á
λʦãܺ𣿡

״ɫһɵ÷ֱǶŵӵ
ִȣҪȥˡ

˵գ缲ȥ

Χʵǰڶ˺ȻһߣҶʦҲӮ˵ˡ
зЩĵĥҶʦͬʱʼսҲ;Ϣġ
ǲʲôԼţ

˾Լƺҵ˹ؼ㣬΢ЦҾ˵ɣܺҶʦñԵˣ϶ŵӣӰʯ˿϶һλŵӣ

Ҳ԰棬ֻοһŮӣýУҲκμˣλӣɻ

Ƭ̣ڶӱ㽫ŮӶ²һ飬ȴʼղ⡣

һ֣²Ҷʦú˾˭һԽս

ţӴ˦һīд¼֣ߺȵעˣעˣҶʦλʦã˭Ӯ˭䣡
ѹҶʦӮģעѹλʦӮģǱע
ѵãѵð

һʱ䣬ڶӱ˴֮һۣǳŶҶӮķӿȥ
ȻһǸҶӮһЩ
һȻע

СվȺ֮⣬ҧҧԼȫҵߵһȥһģѹӮ
ⳡ֮ˣ״ɵõͷģôҶģ

ڶ¹עɵøӹעӰʯеĶ
ǰҲ쳤˲ӣʵȥ

֪ʱλӲŲǰһλź۵ˣñΧסֻ¶µߣԼ԰ı

Ƨ֮˶ȥˡ
λӻ񣬼⸱磬Ҳֲֻ֣ʵλʦ֣ѹ˭Ӯ


ƶ繵޳ִӿۼ¶ůعշֻ֣ȴԵѩ㡣
İף봿ĺڣȴ޶˶ǣ

λʿˮ˺һŻعѹλʦӮɵóʵλʦ֣֪λʦõݣ
ȻôԥľѹӮأ

һԽսȻҶӮЩ
λʦֻѹôʯλʦϣֱ󰡡
ӽԼķ˵

һƵЦǷ̵ζɾɫ˭Ҳ㡣

ˡ
лЦ˵ţñΧµݹȻ
ἰĺҡʱȴ͸ųӰĴ⡣



ֱˡ

䡣л
ҡôܻء



缲УϵʱĺҡѾ˵ڰ˳Խս
ʵǰһУȫȻ֪

Ƴʦ֣ĺҡⲻ룬ֳֻλʦ֣ս
״սս𣿡


Ѳ˻ʲôݣ
ŷ

ȡֵĳ̶ȾȻҶеһȡ
ĺҡɻһʱ侹ԣðβųʦֲսұˡ

͸ˣ˵ľúܣ϶ǾһڵΪ򲻹𵤺ڵΪɡ
ҪߣƫҪֱΪֹ
˵գԼıһն

ĺҡͿλʦ̵ģг̧һ´֣һ

һŴʮ֮ãѧĽ
ڡ·δʮ䣬ÿ
ոһգ긴һ꣬ڼϸĥôҲܽ͸

ǳ¶ۼʮǴ̨ϣεͷ洫һϯ֮λ
ͬʱڷǡ

Ȼ֮ʮ꣬ڲΪΪ
һ£ˡ
֮⣬˿ûи

ϵͳ˵һŬкãδħΪȻǡ
ʱħ֮̽׵öѡ
ǣֻ谭һѹʣְħ
ʱ˱ǡ

ʱ˱ǡ
أ

ĺҡᴹָʱǸΡ
ξУĽͨʺǱն֮С
һ죬ն



ԭһӿеı֮С
֮Ϊġڽ𵤾Ѿ˽ĵӡ
ǰŵӲ磬Ѳɻ

ĽԱӿŶȥ
һǣƲɵվһ

⽫̵ֶҶ̣ҡҡ׹

ʵǰڶΧ۵ĵӲɵþǽ⣡ʦ־Ȼʹ˽⡣
ʦֿǻʿΪʸ洫֮λĺѡ֮һ
Ҳ̲סλʦòᱻɵ˰ɣ

ĺҡվ֮УȽ⣬ȴ𽥾
⣿
Ľ⻹

һڱѩԭУħѩԭ
⽫Ǳ⣬ټ⡣

Ľ⣬
ĺҡⲻȷţԺһֹ
ǱŽѩԭţƲᣬƵߡ

һۺԵɣ˽ǣĽ⡣
Ľ⡭᲻

һϮѽ֮䡣
ĺҡָ̧⣬סгӿ

һԡ

ĺҡõģȻǻеĵһС
ʵǰѾµڶӲɵøпλʦûûҪٲʹĽԽʦ⣬϶Ҫˡ

û˻ĺҡǸŵӡ
ŵӣ
һŵӸһ֮Խսʮˣ
ŵӶ¡

˶̾Ϣ֮ʱͻ
ֻͽȻһʲô֮Ʈʪա
ЩãȻ̧ͷȥӨ͸ѩƮ

һ˲䣬ֻǽܵͻĺ֮⣬ʵǰڶӷܵ˺һ㣬ɪһ¡

Ļ£ʱѩ
ЩɻнһͻȻ׹

ǽ⣡
Ȼǽ⻯Σʵ塣
һΪŵӾȻ֮ʱ˽⡣

ÿһѩĺҡ⽣С
ţб̧⻯ΪѩĽѹгһһ׹£˿ûеֿ֮
һͱƮѩ֮УϢ

ҲֻǸŵӡѳΪʣ㾿˭
ĺҡгӶ˪ѩ

ҡͷҲš
Ĳʣ̧еıжȥ
ǸŵӣΣҪ˵Ŀ

˭


ײɲǼ䣬ƺ˲Ȼ

˽

ʵǰΧ۵ڶ˿߱¶ݵʦãɵóʵλʦţ

˭ţ
ÿ

ĺĺĺ
еӽͰͺһҲû˵ȻӲɵżʵһλĽʦ𣿡

Ҽǵ֮оһλĽʦá
Ǹ𣿡

ǰӽ͵ǸƿˣĺҡⰡ

ŵûƿˡ˵ֻע⵽ӿеġš֣뵹һ

ŵӣ
һŵ˽⣿
ŵӮ˽ʦ֣
Űɡ
ѵڵŵӾǻҪŬ

վȺ֮ѩŮӰʯ¶Ļ棬üţƴЩã벻ȷ֮⣬૵

㣿






18.  ʮ   Ľʦãͽ̡


ǽ𣿡Ľѩ

Ӱʯ˱ߣ¶һ޵
Ľ
Ľѩָ߬⣬ƽ

Ԫ㳡ϣעӰʯĵӽǺһϡ
е૳˭λĺʦȡţʲôƿˣҲ͡ҲֻСˡֲʵİɡ

ƿ
ﻨƿˣ
û˼ĺҡһŵӵݽսʤ

лϮһ˫ñΧµĳȴգ£䵽ӰʯĺҡղһǳѪۣɫ

ˡ
ͨӰʯһ룬Ӱʯϵһл涼

ף
ô£
Ӱʯ𣿡
һʱ䣬˰

㡭
Ľѩ״ӰʯеĳܳԪ㳡

еע⵽ҶǿӰʯϵĻ棬ѵҶʦҲӮ˵ھˣҵʮսˡ
ҶʦõġɻҲ



һߣĺҡע⵽Լϵİ߱Ԫ㳡ǿʵϻʵʱ¼ÿһԽս˻档

ּѩ
мӵĽݺʧĽʱع¶Щɬ֮⡣
еıϵˡ

ĺҡⴹ۵ڵİߣֵλʦ֣á
˵գߵƬ˼Ҳ֪Ҷ᲻ҪߵǮ

˴߲ӿĪʹ֡
תȥעӵλʦã֣֪˭ҡ

ĺҡԣͣ½Ųͷλʦ֣ʱ֮ǰӦԱ𣿡

ǳӡ
ĺҡ⣬ͬΪڵӡĺҡص

ɻǴǰ֮һǸĽ𣿡

ĽҡҡҶҡҡ¼ңǰͬΪɽҡ
ĽұÿἰĽʱɻͬΪ֮һĽҡ

ĺҡ΢ҡͷĽҵĽĺɫĺϵĺҡ⣬Ϊĩ
˵ЩʲôʱһѶĺҡС

ĺҡѶҶҫĻĺҡ⣬Ҹ㣬ҿѾӮ˾ŸˣֻҪҵһΪһ󾳽ˣӮǸˣҿɾӮˡ
㵽սˣͣڵһ˰ɣ
ʱˣɲҪޱӣǵҵĶע

ԭĺʦͬҶʦڽһľ֡״Ȼ˱㲻ٵĺʦһս

Ȼ˵ţȴδʹת뿪վڲԶš
Ҫеĸһλŵĺʦʮ֮ıԡ
˪ѩĽ⡣

ĺʦԽսɹˣֱӽ̨һϣλ˪ѩĽ⣿

ĺҡԣֻЦЦתСǰȥѰһλս
̧㿴һλʺϵսվСĲԶ

ִ̣һѩȹӨӨѩ׵ļüһ˫峺մȾֳۡ

ĺҡ⿴Ľѩʱ˵ԭĽѩڽճ
Զ͡ǱдĽѩ̨ǰбչٶȽס

ĽѩվСһͷҪսĵʮˣ

ܵĽѩŽײö޷ȫϢĺҡⲻɫֳֻλʦ㣬ս

Ľѩԣһ˫еĹЩ૳㲻úʦ㡭㡭

֮Уͬż໥ƺȺʱƺԱָߵƺҲΪߵ˴ơ

ĺҡ״գۣдЩɻ֮ɫλʦã

Ҹý㡭
Ľѩʶת˲ȴּʲĺҡ뽭֮ĶԻ
ĽҵĽĺɫĺϵĺ

ĽҵĽ

ĽѩҧŴ꣬ԥ֪ҵ𣿡

ĺҡ⶯˶˵Լ϶ְ֪ڼδͻĴʹȻ
Ȼϵͳ·ŮĽѩ֮ʱһҲ
һ㣬һѾˡ

Ľѩϵͳ׹Ů
ô

Ҽ㡣ĺҡ⳶Ŵ
䣬δĴʹԽȻϵͳĳͷˡ

Ľѩȴĺҡһ仰ʱٶ

ĺҡⲻһĻ˵ľˣ
𣿡Ľѩɥʧ

ѩʦãǲӦսͿЩȥĺʦõ·𣿡ļڿĺҡһԵĽ״߹

Ľѩ⻹ȥ֮⣬θЩ͵֪ĺʦúҶʦжԼ㵲·ˡĺʦˣù𣿡

ҡĽѩ⻰΢١
վСǰңңĺҡ⣬΢ΣЩľʹ˷׷ʡ
ֲҴӦĺҡıԣ˵ĺҡ⡭

ѩʦãԥԥʲô֪ĺʦúĲˣᱻϳڵġ
˼ŭ˵ķȥŻĽѩ⡣

ĺҡԣüһƳ
˭˵ģ
ûô˵

Ľѩƽﱻѩ󱣻ùںˣû¡
ȻǱĻŻסˣ䵽ĺҡϣæʵᱻϳ𣿡
ĺҡⱻϳ˽ڣȥĺҡ⡣

ĺҡԣֻҡҡͷᡣ
ȫǽں˵˵

ֵʱҶûսĵʮˣּĺҡûлѶŭ崫һµѶ

ĺҡôѶòÿޱ˰ɣҸ㣬ÿޱˣҲݵģʱ͵ɣ

ҶѶηǹŵġ
ĽѩȻҲҶѶԣü૳ôô۸أ

ĺҡƼĽѩ飬֪ĽѩˣʱԴǵĻϡ

ѩʦã˰ɣµҶʦÿҶ֮Ů˭ĺʦˣϳڣ߶Ҳطȥ
ȻƽҲϲĽѩСֹ˳ŮӣڽһǰͨͨȲϵġ

Ľѩԣ˼üͷҧӦãҴӦս

ĽѩÿСλãûĽѩֱӴӦս
Ľѩǵ飬˵ѩʦøòΪֱɣ

˼˴ֳѩʦãҪȫԸǱҶʦ֪ΪûȫӦսùĻĺʦð

һ
Ҫģһȫ֮սһǫðϷ
ѩʦúôҲѩãѩôѩʦôҲѩһսɡ

Ľѩԣָ߬ߣĺҡ⣬Ӧá

ĺҡȫĮȻ
һ컨׹һΪ档

ͬĽѩһսĻᡭ
ҲֻһǰĽѩǱ߱ħɱһ˰ɡ
Ľѩӱѩԭҵġ߱ħ

ĺҡⴽ΢䣬Ц˵Ľʦãͽ̡
˵ţӰʯַſ

ϵͳɲȥ鷳Ľѩġ






19.  ʮ   𣿡


˲²ţӰʯĺҡǷ߶޷ԽսȥʱʵϹ⻪һ

Ľʦãͽ̡
ӰʯдΧʵĵӶУ־ȴ˷ܲѡ

Ľʦã
ҵλĽʦ𣿡е૳

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ϸ˲ժĻ֦͸Žӯӯ顣

Ľѩ뽣ʱչУֻѩͬٳڽڵǰ
⼸һγô˵УΪ˵͵;̾һ

˸пúһ¡
ԼеϣŤͷȥȴʲôҲû֡

ֻڲԶλʦСֹʲôʦְҵһμʦ֡ʦΪ֮Ļ˷֮⡣

૳֣ôоڿңһ



ҡ
ĽѩӦȴЩļĽϻ

µλʦÿ쿪ʼɡ
ѾȲˡ

Ľѩ⻰һ٣΢ŴŨܵ۽˲һƬӰֻûͽ̡



ĺҡⴹĽѩִ֮ǱΪˮǡ·ǰٵ֮һ

ˮѩԼϸӯ˴ʧˣǰΪġʺŮ޵һ

һǰĽѩ뽣ڣˮʣּĽΨһѪݣܵĶչˡ
֮;ϣĽѩһ·˳磬һ̤ձչضֱӴڳԽһС磬ɹ׽ڡ

ϸĽѩ֮Ҳһʱա
ŷ֮УλԼֳϽǿ

ĽѩһأԽս֮£ܿ촫ڡ
ΪˣۼԪ㳡ʵǰĵӱܶˡ
ٵΪĽѩҲһЩԽս֮¶ǰĺҡλƿˡġ

΢ԼСʦڽԽսߺͷδڱչصĵӣƺƵ嵽ʵǰ֧Ҷ

΢½ǲƴ֣һʵǰǰһģһʯѹҶӮǰ
ҪӮĻ϶΢Сʦø΢ʦ㽾

һʱ䣬Ԫ㳡Ͼۼĵʤǰδеʢ
ΪǰΪνʷǿӡͷո֡

Ԫ㳡ϷĻУ繣µӼ۵͸żмƲ˲ҡμ˴ײһ

ͷӱң
ͷӣҷ绪ïأ
ˣ쿴Ϸ
ǿʶ˴˽ţδԪ㳡һɵӡ

ǽΪζʶڴˣ
ʱһʶͶš

Ҷ֪װ޹ˡ˵ų˸õӣһ
ģΪǿ

ߣǴȥеˣԽսһǴӾȥˡ

ǶңôƬ̣ҾѾ˽ˣͽо֮ģ϶ĵӡһʶЦ

˻һ༸ʶ϶ǳҪȻЯ󱨣
ǱƤ򶯵𣿡

˺ˣλĪҪˡһº͵̲סˣһ԰
ԭݵļʶһҭ
˴һκζʲĻǻþһ㡣

ƬӺеʶŴʵڡԭҲ
ҿ˰ɡ
΢嶼ôˣȱһ˰

ҶֻһʶͶ༸ʶӣҲЩҲסֻ૳ҡȻΪĺҡ
ŽǺӽԽսһʱյпоġ

˵գҶһԼŮ⼸ԣûɡ
༸ʶ
Ҷƭ˭أ

ҶȻңÿ˭Ϳ˭ȥ




ˮ΢ĺҡгײϡ

ĽѩⴹĺҡִϣŷĺҡõĲһѰ֮
ˮһѰĳǲá

һĽѩ⵱ɫԥƬ̡
ˮһͬͨĽʱĺҡһĽѾϮǰ

Ȳ֮£Ľѩٶ̧еˮĺҡһ
ĺҡĽѩ⣬ֻƽĽʦóԥǿһս𣿾ֻһп޵֣

գĺҡ̧ƣʱƵĽѩ޴Ϊֹ
Ľѩ𽣣૵ֻǼõһѰ빫ƽһЩ

䱾ûоԵĹƽĺҡţĽʦţõԴбȻͬ
񡭡趨ֻһ㡣

δĴʹڣĺҡ̧⣬Ծ㱵Ľѩ⣬ҲʲôƽֻһԽѡ
˵ţԳ㣬΢¶Ц⣬ĽʦҲ𣿡

ˮ΢ǲԼԥ㣬΢΢ʾ⡣
Ľѩֱֱĺҡ⣬ĺҡⴽĨЦϣﲻӿЩɬζ

á
Ľѩãˮһ
ĳұ𵴷ֿ

ĺҡ״΢գۣ˵ڿԿʼˡ

ˮѩ⣬ɲǼڷ֮С
ˮ
Ľѩӳһˮִĺҡ⾶ֱȥ

ˮȻҲˮ
ڡ·Уѩ֪ĽѩˮĴѰˮռĽѩ֮
ˮˮ˴ϣƸ

ĺҡһδκ뺦£Ժһʮѧһһʽ

ոһգ긴һꡣ
ʮꡣ
һ


ĺҡ콣ܿĽѩƣԲཫг
տ˸ϸߣӹˮȥ֮·

ýšɽжΪĽ

ۣ
Һ񿴶ˣֺû
ʵǰе૳
öĺҡʹõĻֺû̫Ϊĺҡһʽܹˮȥ·סˡ

ôˡһӳ
˵գƺ뵽ЩʲôŲȻǰȥ

ǰӴӴȡһʯϢڶĺҡӮϡ
һֹֻľٶ
ǰĵЦеѾעˣ뾲ɡ
ԣһϧ֮ɫ

ֶľֵĵӼ״ֺǺǵã˭㲻ǰעģ
뵽˴ǰΪĺҡעλʦ֣Ŀ̧ĴѰš

лȺ֮⣬Ŀһֱ׷ѰӰʯĺҡӰ
ĺҡʹסˮȥʱɫ΢˲ǲԾ㡣

δýҡˡ
ԭýҡİ
ǺҹϮһ˲է֡


лֻħյħ磬ѪϢý͸ǹѪ֮С

ԭҡֻŻĹ⡣
лָ΢סţġ
԰׶޳ϡ

һ˲л侹ֱյεĴ

ޡ
ޡǸݡ
лĵ˵ȴƬ̺ٶȡЩߴߴ˵ͣ󣬷뷨
Ⱥ̫ˡ

֮ϣʶ̸
Ů޵ǲȻһзסˮĹơ
ûĽѩ𣿲Ů˿ɳ֮
ô˵Իսˮ·磬Ѿʵˡ

Ҳ£ʮУĽѩⶨܷҲµö԰ɣ
סҶԣ£ЦҲ෴ʮ֮ڣҡСѱӮ

⻰˵áЩ̫˰ɡۼڴ˵һʶ
ҶЦ

ҶǱЦˣŮСӣˡ

ҶЦһ٣ʶֳһƣȥҶ֮
һ˲ѿԼŮѳɰƣ޷޷ƽ̫ڳˣҲܿˡ

һʶֵ˵СƽﲻͦĽѩΪ𼱻ȥĽѩģ෴·ҹŮ

˻һڳļʶǳĬ˺һ
ðΣһʶ૳ҾСӲ̫ʺ翷塣翷СݺύСҲض·
翷Сࡣ

ҶѵһС

УĽѩرˮӿעڽ
ĺҡ״ٻһӿ

ˮͳ֮һֻˮϵ֧֮һ
ˮڱǰƺѹ֮ơ

ˮ
տⱻ͵ˮ˳ưסݺ֮⡣


ĺҡ⽫гתٶȳĽѩˡ
Ľѩ״ŴƽȴһУǰֻԼԵĽн

֮ϣҶڶУС

ʱУĽѩڽ״̬ʼˮӯӯƧзˮ¶
Ľѩ⽣ˮ¶ڴҶƬϣ˲佫䴩͸

УСҶü򡭡ĽѩнΣǸӡ
ҲĽѩʮ֮
Ҷֻͣҿš



֮ڽ󣬽վڲԶĿת
ʱĳһ˲΢ʪ䵽ϣʶ̧ȥ૵ˣ

ܿ죬ʶ˲ԣɻףѩˮ
ѩꣿ

УڰУ

ĺҡһָḧг
ʲôͳأ˭˵һҪˮѹأ
ˮͳˮɣӦǼ̳ˮ֮ᣬҲ֮߱Ắ

ھС
Ҷ֮ʱĺҡҲˡ
гտâһĻȣѩһƬա

ĺҡһӣȻԽգĽѩǰ
տѹѹƵĽѩ޿Ϊֹ

УͣΨѩ׷׷ס

ĺҡ佣δ䣬Ľѩⲱһ֮ࡣ
һ˿ն䡣

Ľѩ⣬䵽Ʊĺҡն˿ϣʧǵˡ
ƴƴ⣬ˡ

δȻһصĴʹĺҡ治ɫջгá

ʵǰƳڸղһ޷԰Ρ

֪Ļ˭𣿡
˴ʱҶŻˡ

ΪʿȻҲ⡣

𣿡






20.  ڶʮ   ݷ


ֵʱ, еֻҶ㿴ܸ˵ģҲò, ǹŮѾÿޱˡ

Ҷѵװһ, û뵽ȺͷӸˣЩҲס, ȵܲҺú˵

Ϊǣ
̤Ͻһ;⿪ʼ, , Ȼǽ
, ڽ޶, ǿɵ֮ֻм޲ǣӶ̤ϸĽ

ӹ, ߣ֮١

ʷϣһˡ
ԽĪ, ķ̫񣬱̤֮һǳΪ֮, ڽϵ츳Զʿ
ҲķһѪ, ֻΪҵһʺϵı
н, Ǳõı

ɽеĻһλǵĽҶ, 꽣֮һ㶦ʢ

ɽĺܳһʱ, Ѷȴ󡢻ɬѶ, ýʿڶ֧֮, ֻСڶܻӭ֧֮һ

λǵĽ޴˻ʹ֮ɽУӶΪڶʿ֪
ʱ, ˽ڵʢ

ΪȻ֪֮¡
ȿȡҶ΢죬λɽֳ˼λǵĽޡ
˵˴ʱҶ΢¡

ƶ֮ϣһʶʵǼλǵʿôˣ
ȻǳΪɽд֮һ

˵ߣžޣڽϵ츳ѡ
Ǽλ߽ڰ֮ڳɾʹ֮λ

ֻǡ

Ҷ뵽Щʲôɫ΢֮⣬ɫݵЩɶڲװдŵġ

ǼΪһ֮һ֮ƽҲȥȥ߿ȥܡ
֪綼ôƺǵΪȺûֻ֪ܵĽޡ

ڴʱĳʶȳ˵ͷϣû㡣ٲȥǹŮ˼궼Ҷˡ

ҶԣɫһʶҶڵִһ̽ܿӵûӰˡ


Ҷ΢ӣԼҵԼʶתȥǵסҲ
Ҷ֣ЩΣʤ˳¡

֪Ҿǲģ
Ҷ͵תԾ΢ţҶڵķȥ

ҾȻѩɱһ̤֮;Ҷ૵
ƽв棬ŬҶؼ

ҶԣЩôˣ
ƺ뵽Щʲôŵѧõʱżûȥ

ҶΣ뵽һСϵĺҡ⣬ĺҡʾ̽ҶʱҶһ뷨

ˣˣǻĺҡ⣿
Ҷ뵽˴æԼҵǣȥһС

ԶԶģҶ˾һһȺһϮȹĺҡ⣬ĺҡ⣡ˣӮˣ

ĺҡȻףĿνҶϣע⵽Ҷ۽ǵ΢죬һˣ

Ҷ⻰ڵĻﺬ£ŵ⡭Ӯ˭
ͬʱĿһɨӹĽѩ⡢ѩԼ
Զ

Զʦ֣ҶĺҡսԶʦˣ
ĺҡҡҡͷ͵ʦ֮˴ġ

Ǹѩˡ
ѩ
ҶԣһĥƬ̣ȻסѩԶмĽѩ⣬ȻԣӮ԰ɣ

ĺҡ׵Ҷѡ
ôҡ
ҶСһ䣬ôҲûһΣӮѩأ

ҶĻȻ˵Сڳ֮˽ʿĸǶĿԴߣ
ҶҶСֹ

ҶʦáԶǵ
ҶһԶɻԶʦ֣㺰£
Զǫ͵΢˲ƺ֪οڽ͡

ֱʱĽѩŴʧǵ״̬߳ĺҡ⣬ڵҼˡ
Ľѩָһֱ߬ѩһۣƺЩŰ㣬ʵĺʦ㣬ġĺһĽأ

ĺҡԣʱһվſϷĽæǡĺɫĺϡġĺѩʦõǸĽ
ǡĺǡĽĺҡͷӦ

ĽѩڵԨգѾûˡ
ϣֻһĺҡѡ

Ľѩᴹһ˫ж˼૵ԭˣϴˡ
ʶſѩۣʧ䣬תߡ

Ҷ״һ䣬䲻𰡣
ѩ״ĿҶȴδתĽѩ׷ȥ


硭磬ǲǲǡ
˽̸нԶ

ԶվһԣĿĽѩѩ󲢼ӰԶȥ΢Ĭеһѩ׽ջС

̧ȥĿһϮȹĺҡϡ
Ϊع׹Ͷİ߲ӰĺҡΣһϮȹڴеηʡ
ī³ѩ׷ɫһ־Ķ֮

Զע⵽ĺҡղĨǳѪߣɫ΢Ӵȡһɫƿ˹ȥĺʦãҼЩˣҩ

ǸĽѩû׵ڣתˣ
ĺҡ״˵š

һֻһƿԶеҩ
ĺҡ˳ȥ򽭾Щ⡣

˼ĺʦãȫңδյҩȫ𡣡

һʱļĺҡİߣȴ˼ʱ֣ббĺҡһ࣬ǳѪߡ

˵գ˳ƴԼһƿտɫƿĺҡ⣬͵ǽרųƷģŮ˶β˺۵ҩ
ԭǸȥģھĺʦǸɡǸ

ĺҡ⵹ûоԼж˿ڣϾϸС˿ڶԣʹκθо

Զɱŵݳɫƿ֣˲ջ֣ҿǲˡ

Զʦ֣ͬѩһսҲˣôҩأҶ״Щߵ

ˣⳡԣעĺҡһѣأ
ˣսʱأ塣
Լҵ֮⣬˭

˼˴Ҷĺҡ⣬°΢̧ѩһԽս㡣
ˣȻԸķ䡣

ҶӴȡһ鿨ȻҪһýնԼһʯ鿨򱦸ȥȡһʯ

нʣ˼Ҷԥһſȡһʯ򱦸鿨˴ʶһۣĿн¶һֿ
΢岻ھŷ֮еһ壡

Ҷһ

ĺҡ΢ЦŽӹ鿨л´λֺ£ҡ

ʵԥԼҷ΢֮ҡڲã¶ģɿҶʦҪҲң
ҲǺҶʦġ

Ҷԣʶ˵˭˵ˣ
תĺҡ⣬ĺҡ⣬Ҹ㣬ΪһӮңܵˣһء

ĺҡ䴽Ŭ

һΣ洫ϣһӮ㣡
Ҷҧǰвμ洫ʸ񡣡

ӵ洫ʸǰȵһ洫ӡ
µڶ࣬洫ȴʮˡ

ݻҶתߡ

ĺҡСǮգ鲻ЩãҶŵĺݻӦһð
һƶĽޣһӵһʯʲĽˡ

鿨ջشУĺҡתһ˫۾
ĺ㣡鼤ĺһקסĺҡۣ鲢ïĺ㣬ƣΪ洫ӣֵǲҪСʲôأ

ĺҡԣЦãεʦ֣ˣֻǸͨͨŵӶѡ
ҡҡͷԴҸĺ㽻ֺ󣬱㷢ĺһҲͨ

ĺӵˣôССĵطδ洫֮λĺһϯ
ٲȻһԵܡģĺҡڱ̨϶洫֮λĵѲʱ߰Դģ

ҡˡ
ֵʱлƵĺҡϴ͸żֲί֮⣬СӾȻ㡣

ĺҡⲻɫشۡ
ǼСĵקһǶѡ

翳Сӵ֡

ȫȻ֪ԼֲҪû˵Ľ鼤ĺ㣬
ĺҡ⻺Լ䣬䴽ЦллΣһŬġ

뵽Щʲôڵĺ㣬ߡ򲻳һӣͻᱻڶΧסʱ߲ˡ
ʱʵϿĺҡÿһԽսȫӰĵӻӵ˵Χˮйͨ

һӺ΢ʦһɵǰУѰƬ̺󣬲δҵ֮ˣЩʧ

·Ϥ΢ʦģʵʦ㣬ҪҶʦѾ˳һС뿪ˡ

ǡ
΢ʦʶϣ룬뵽Ҷͬĺҡˡ
Ǵ˿˵ĺҡ΢ģҶʦ²ǻѹÿޱӣ

˼ˣ΢ʦȻҶʦѾ뿪ҵȾ뿪˵ذɡ

нĺҡͨ籨źͬ΢ʦһͬĿĵĸӷѰ֣ȴ˸գûѰĺҡټ

˿̵ĺҡת뿪ֺ󣬱ȥ˽ڲ
Ѱҵķ

ŵֻӵнĲһʸ
ĺҡڵһѰҹһ飬ȥ˵һ㣬ѯʲֵصӡ

ҪѰйᣬȥڼ㣿
ֵصڹ˯ѣæŶԵƬ̣Ҳѯһ¡

˵գֵصһĨ⻪ӹͣһϡ
ӳĵƸһ¡

ĺҡ⽫Ƶݹȥֵصӽӹ˳Ƴǿȥ
;УֵصӴ۵ϵ֣
ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ⣿
Ƶʽŵӵġ
λʦóȻÿĵÿ֮ˣȴһֵֹ֡

ֵصǿǰеĵ˹ȥ
ʶʾĲţλʦãйǴڵġŵӣᣬ񲢷ܲġ

ֵص˵ûʸȥ㡱룬һ
ֵصӾȵĿУĨĺҡϡ
⻪û֤ĺҡʸһġ

һǶԽеӿţǶŵӿŽʸģֻ洫Ӳʸġ

ô
ֵصĿ¶ȣɵٴδȷһǿƵĵȷȷֻһͨŵơ

λʦ֣ĺҡֵصԭɵó
ڵġֵصӻعתƻĺҡ⣬ʦĵڲ㡣
л

ĺҡӰʧڲתʱֵصſһ˵Ľ䣬Ծɰ˼⡣
һŵôȥ㣿

˼úĳһ˲Ȼһ˼뷨
ֵ̨ǰŵԽսɹδΪŵӣȴѾ㹻ʸˡ

ֻǡ
̫ܰɣ
һŵӶѣôŵӶ޷֮أ

ֵصɻ󲻵ý⣬ⲻ֪һȺѰĺҡ⣬ҷˡ



ڣĺҡ󣬺ܿѰҵйصᡣ
һһδǰΪϴȥħطһһܹȴ˲Сĺ֢

Ϊеʱܵĺ֢Ҳԣǵ˻񼰻ϵΪ˵ϸ΢֮ȴÿһα֮УΪ㡣

һܵĺ֢ΪԽߣԽѽס

磬ʱš
ĺҡòǲŹƬӣ˼ʱȴҹ

ɲ󶥲¹ǻԣ֮Уһɴˡ

ĺҡ̧ȥ͸󶥲Ŀ͸ҹĻԵǳ貶Ŀ嫶ء
֮Уŷ֮һǳȡ֮ǳ֣˶ġ

ݣ
кüĨĵһĺҡⴹָЩͨƴѶϢһ

ҲηǺѵĹܾͺˡ
һУĺҡ̲סִʱİϢĹܡ
ִЩ顭Ѿϱӵˡ

ĺҡ֣ϣŻԭĬżؼʣѩԭ黨֮
ϼأڱѩԭһΪ黨ǾѵĲ֮һ

ѩԭ
ĺҡⲻɵһֽµĵطڱѩԭ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡһָ΢˶ٶ롣
ĿͬһһӹͻȻס˽Ųֽеһȡ

ƤϣɷĴӳ
ⲻɽĻôᡭڲ㣿

Ȼʲôؽһ㣬õҲӦöЩ̫ѰŶԡ
һôֵġΪηڲ㣿

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣üͷһ
С˵·ⱾͬѰġӦǡʲôرĹ±ɣ
ѵô֮˹⻷ˣɣ

˼ˣĺҡⷭⱾ
󣬾֪Լˡ
ʲô˹⻷Ȿ͸Ļκβͬ
һͶԻеһһʽϤ˵Ϥȥˡ

ĺҡ룬ַһ飬ĿͻȻһīϡ
ʹģ̽ʶۼǴīϡ

ʶ΢䣬ĺҡⱻһؿռ֮С
ؿռʣ֮ز硣

޽ô𣿡
һڴ˴ؿռС

Ѱ޵Ҫѡ
ôѣ޽Ҫʣк
ոһա긴һȥҲûаչ
Ҷˣ㿴ת޵󣬽׼ֱٰ
޽ôѣãã˺֮УҲֻҵóһо츳

ؿռڣ˷ϯҪǵã㣬Ȱ˵ţǵɡ

ĺҡУЩֻħһ㣬쳣ꡣ
ɴ˴ؿռЩǷɥɲ𣬷૰㡣

ãĺҡҲδȵ˴ؿռκα仯
ʱĳһ̣̲סˣ죡޽һҲѡ

һͬģǵҲá
ɺϵþڻӦĻһ㡣
˵Ǿ仰ǵ޻

ĺҡڴ˴˺һδκ쳣֮
ԼǴڴ˴ʱ䵽ˣʶԼ֮αõ

ֱ뿪ǰһ˲ǵٶ𣺡޽ѣѵǡ

ġ

ʲô
ĺҡ⻹ûüµĻʶѾؿռг
ⱾƤԼЩ仯

Ĩīɢ˿˿ƵīߣչճС֡

ĺҡָ΢С֡
ī߹նɵСԼн⸡ָһĨѪָ⸡ֳ

ͬĺҡκν⡣
ָ̯֣һ΢СѪߣ˼

ɽôֵĻʷƾãѾ޷֪˽ʿ˭
ɰѰ˵һĽܹƶɽ罣ҵٷչʿӦʷŶԡ

˿̡
ŷƤֵǸ֣в⸡ֳЩɻ


ݷ







21.  ڶʮһ   лСѾȻѩ


ݷ, Ĵߡ
ǡλţ
ĺҡⷭ䣬Ҳδĸݷ֡

·ԭδᵽݷ֣ΪĽѩڻӡ

˵, 屾ʺϵ޵ʡ
ѩѡ뽣, Ľѩ˲ž֮һ뽣ڡ

Ľѩڽһϣ˾֮, ȫ
ǰڵˮˮԱѩԭеõġ߱ħ, 챦

ֱ, ĽѩżȻõһרڵ޵ط, ӴԺΪһɳ졣
ټʱ·еľ鷢չ, Ů֮ŰһĽѩĻ, Ҳɴ޶תһ;

Ľѩǰͬѩ˿ԴԺת, ڵһ;ϳɾʹ֮λ

⡭
žǳɳŮڣ

ԣԲ, µԶӰԼǰ;

ĺҡĬȻпһ䡣
ʲô, Ӱٶ

뵽, ĺҡ־ͷۡ
Ҫʲôʱܰϵͳ׸, ͸ˡ

֮ʱ, 
է⽫ҹĻ, ع⾭󶥲͸, ʹڲֳҹȫȻͬĹ⾰

ĺҡ̧̧֣ƹߴָߡ
ǱڲͬġƺָֻʱģƤ̺СֻһĨī, Ǳӡһ㣬ڽ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡⲢδⱾرռΪУѡ񽫽Żԭλ
һλԵ˵ĵ

ڲеõ֮ջĺҡǺ㡣
վָԼʩ˵ྻ¥ȥ

ǰֵصӣңңĺҡӰӲɵۣ뵽洫˵Ϣ
ʱĺҡ߹ϵʱȻϲԣȴһ󡰰ļС

ˣ
һԽսɹŵӣ

ʱĺҡⶼҷˡ
˭û뵽ĺҡԽսɹ֮󣬾ƽڲдһա

ֵصӽӹĺҡĵƣü¼ֽƵݻĺҡ⡣

ĺҡлת뿪ʱֵصӽסĺʦãڸӶ㣬ǲ뱻ţСȥ

ĺҡԣ˲ǰڸ֮ΪһӶִݡֵĳɵü
عͷ䴽Цлλʦ֡

ڣҡҷշĺҡգīѩ׼Խ޶ˡ

ֵصӿȵĺҡԶúȻ񣬰ڰֵлл
һĴţɵùһƿˣ

˭ҳĺҡΪƿˡأ
Ļƿ

ֵص˼ţһƳԽߴ쳹֮䡣
һһ

ֵصϲ
󣬽ʮһεĿʢʽ

ĺҡ߳죬һ˲

һ죬һԶҶ˱ҹ׷ɱʱһ̣Żصפء
һ̤뽣ʱһ

Ϊ֧ҶԶλ˳ڵĵڣǼҪһοˡ

һΣҹ׷ɱһˣص̨Եһ̭ģҲ
ˣҪӦϵͳ;飬ˣϾˡ

ڶ죬һʮ
ԵһʸΪ洫ӣȴһλΪͽΪڽʮ֮á

ʮ꣬ҲΪҪʮꡣ
Ͼڡ·д߻ħĹؼʱԭ·׷׵ǳŮá

졭
ĺҡ̧Ԫ㳡ϻĸ̨

˷ۼĸŵӷԪ㳡μӽʮһ̨ԣΪ洫
Ҷʮ֪Ϊ洫ӣζһգǾŷ֮λãһϯǻġ

ھŷֱΪǳ壬̫壬壬壬΢壬壬·壬壬翷塣

УеĽͬ
ǳ壬ҹĻǳΪԺǳ⡣
ٱ磬ߣ죬ȡԴ⡣

Ϊ̷󷨵
ھŷ˵˼Щ

Ԫ㳡ϣӵĵַǷ
˴˲Ըķһͳִ֮һ֡һԲϾͿ򡱵ơ

̨֮罵٣Ҷŷֳ֮

Ҷţſ۳ԷԪ㳡
λʮǽһ쿼˴ȡο˴ȹ£ȴ̨ǰĵ֮⣬ɲóǩơ

Ҷվ̨֮ϣܿ콫̨Եֹؽ꣬۵ǰԪ㳡ϵǼǴгȡǩ

Ԫ㳡һǣĽѩгȡǩδ鿴ǩϿ̻ݡ
ĺҡһԣȻѩͳ
תȥһ˫ʢϸ䴽ǣʶ硭
ճѩݣҧŴӲ˳ƺ硣

ѩһϮ£۽ǴĨɫΪԭ˼ұ
ĽѩĳƺȻת䣬ѩɫδ˵Щʲôֻʵ鵽ǩһ

ĽѩԣԼеǩҳ鵽˼ԡ
˿ǩĹСڽ磬쵽ˣأ

ѩǩݹȥĽѩƫͷȥڵԡ

һԣһԱ߿šѩᴹĽѩⷢ䣬£룬ԡ

Ľѩԣ΢΢ƺ뵽ЩʲôʱоһֻůԴСʱǰ㡣
վֱӣѩ󣬵磬Ҳ룬һԵġ

˵ֵĽѩվ̨ʱԾɽŲѡ
һ뵽ѩվ̨¿ԣģȴƽ

˹棬ͽ̡
Ľѩǹ񣬳̫Ľѩ⣬ͽ̡

̨Եĳѯʹ󣬷ӳ˷̨͸˫
ĽѩԾִˮŶ湥ȥ

ĽѩΪ𵤾磬Ϊ൱
һһʽĽѩ̽Գʵ
ս䡣

˼˴Ľѩ˲ˮӳ
ˮȴݺӣն䡣
ͬʱĽѩתķˮ

ֻһ
Ľѩ˵ˮȥȴʶȥѰ̨ѩӰ
۽ӹĳж΢˲

Ľѩһ˲ķն˹


ˮгײ⣬졣
ĽѩȻ񣬽ˮٶȻӳǰ봦

޷ǰֻ֣óˡ

áĽѩЩ񲻶ĳ
뵽ղȺ֮һǵӰ΢Ŵ

ֱ뿪̨Ľѩصѩߣų磬ҡȿȣӮˡ
ʲһĽɨЩˡ
˿̣Ż񣬲ӿϵѪɵ

ѩ״ų̈ϣˡ
ĽѩĬһ˲ͷ૵ʲ̨ϣ񿴼ĺҡ⡭ұԡ
ġǽ𣿡

ѩԣɫղѾȷϹѩ
Ľѩ͵̧ͷѩдЩã֮ɫ૵Ҿа

ǽ㣬ǲΪҲˣŹ˵ʶҵģ
ϣǻѩİ𣿡ѩ⼸רıԣǰ彻ңȥĺҡɺã

Ľѩû룬Ӵȡǰ壬ĽҴңڻ顣Ҳֻʰѡ
˵գ彻ѩֵ磬ˡ

ǰϣСѩֺ͡һǡ

ѩӹǰ壬ãѩҲá



ĺҡȻǲ֪Ԫ㳡֮¡Ԫ㳡ϴһӣΪܲӿߣͼŷ
ۼۼĵԽԽֻ࣬÷ɿΧ뿪Ԫ㳡

ضСԺĺҡԺţ˿
Ĩħʵī΢̧Լյķš

ĺҡƿţȻһϮ۵л䡣

лǰ԰޳ִһˮǰ춯Ϊĺҡ⵹˱ˮ䴽Цҡˣص˲裬
ü۵ʹβĨ΢Խޣʱ޿̲ɢŹȻ

ĺҡ⽫źϣŻ߹˹ȥ
δ߽ǰлѾ˲ˮַϡ
ĺҡⲻӣлͷйɣȴӯӯ޹֮⣬ɻҡˣ

ĺҡⴹǲˮֽӹһǰʵ㻹ħ磿
лҡ˲أôܻȥأ

ҡ˴ʱħ磿˵
лЦſĺҡ⣬ʵҡɽдˣٻħ𣿡

ĺҡⲻɫһЩ룬˵һɽ硣
Ҿҡһɽ硣лȻ

һ֮ȥĻô죿

峤Ϊҡ˲ġҡ˶ħˣһ峤ʲôлգգۣ״磬Ҳʲôڣʲôģҡ˰ɡ

ҲĺҡԣͷԳ
лĺҡܵ˾ŵģɵЦ
ǰҡ޵޷׽֣ҡȴֻè㣬ֻҪ˳˳ëͻù˳ࡣ

˼ˣƳҡ˼Ȼ⽣ڣҾ͵ҡһħ硣

գлţĺҡκһϸ΢ı仯ҡˣҿûв㡣

ĺҡ⾹Զԡ
⻹вֵܡ

лӴռȡһкһϣЩ˵һȺʿôίҵҡأ͸ҡ˵ʯ

ĺҡлƹǸ̲ס˵üһ˶ҩװ𰡣л䵹ãֱʯǰɡ

лЦҡڱ֮ʱȺΪ˶ע
ѹҡġ

ҡƾԼӮʯ
л˵ţֽĺҡⷽƣװŵĶҲ͸ҡ˵ġ

˵գл˲Ҳ˲Ķĺҡ⣬ƺڴС
ʲôĺҡʵ

ҡ˴С
֪
л仰ﻹû˵꣬Ժ⴫Ļ

ĺҡ״ɫ졢ȻǶΪл䣬˳˷ȥš

Żʱлǰ
ĸ˸͵ţл

ĺҡţֻһۣЩü
·ԭ龹Ȼǰˡ

л˻ĺҡ̧ȥĺҡĿתеţɵøˡ
һѶţԿۣ߳Ľѩʱּ̫

Ľѩ˭лҡΪ˻רȡ˸Щƺ㣿

ĺҡԣ۽΢飬Զԡ
֮ʱһѶӴӽġ

ĺҡʱ˸ӲõԤС

ĺҡ⣬ʱɽ
ȻѶд˳

ĺҡⲻԡ
ڵʿ̫ϲѶ˽ĵ
һҶһȻҲˡ
һѶֱ׳קøүƵġ
˸ǰɣ

ҡ˽ʱЩæˡ
лĳ˭Լҡںɽ棿
ǷʯĶүĺҡ⺬

˭дģԼҡ̫һ
ҴһСС鷳ˡĺҡһκ

лԣüǸĽѩĵӣ
ûĺҡشԹԵĵĽѩĽѩ⣿ʿЦ

ҡ˽ҹʱȥǸǷǮĶүɡлʿҰҡ˽ˣΣ

лСѣ뷨ЩΣա
Ȼѩ
ĺҡⲻ˵






22.  ڶʮ   ѩ㵱ʲô֮


·ξ, ʵǷʮġ
һ̨аεͷ񣬶һϯ洫֮λ
Ҳڵ, ŵӽһ͵, ȥ̫м档

κֲɵ, ˭Īʱȥ׳µ
·õľڣѯǷаС, йء

, ʧ䡱վ, ɵȥԼ

ǷȻĽѩڽ֮еһο, ˼ȥȷݣȴûѶϵʽ, 뵽дһ

Ҫ˵ɣĽѩǲɵ
ôҪ£ôȷǵðде͹
ܳ, û

Ȼڡ·ξ, Լȥ, ȴδȵд֮ˡ
ڵ, ҹ, Ľѩ̫, ȻǱ̫, ׼һԼĶ˹

ʮǰͽ˲֮һ, ͼۡ
Ŷ
ˡ

ҹʮĥ£ټʵѽڹѺΪȻȡ
ʮǰ, ҹܽԶһ׽ŪǱοأ

˼棬ۺ졣
κʮ䣬һšСʿȻɡ̨ϰεͷΪûȥ
û򡱵ùҹҹץס

ڡԵ
ҹԼĶ˹ٱʿץסһѶûӰˡ
ǱĶһԣҹСָǣڱǼҲѪ΢صѪã

һϮƻµķȻ߹
Сŵģͬķңī΢зɫѩһݡ

ǡ·ԭУȻϵĵһ
ǾӢ۾ǶôõĻ档

Ѫడ
úõһСˣôͳأ

ԭУд
Ȼһһѩ׽ǰڵϵѪ۲ɾ
ĺҡʹǷѩ׽ѪɾŻվ
Ȼע⵽˲Ȼ´СָǣָǶˣֱǸ
δʱĿŲѪ۵ϣ΢˲ƺ뵽Щʲô
˾Ȼѩʦóơ

Ȼ죬ضǸڴУú˵һͨȥ

΢Ц. jpg
ûʲô⣬ϾᶼǸԭŮġ

ԭУʮһ̨ԣΪҹɵ
ڶδ洫λҲΪҹɵơ

ǰ̣ͬıƺ
ҹɵƽ˲֮

дŵĽѩ⡭
ֱ洫ʱĽѩЩĶ˵ǸҹȥԼģʱ򣬱չղųء

ʮǰҹĽѩĻ
ʮڡһΡףǰ֮ʱ˳׽˳Թ

˵ԭ߶ڡĺҡʧˣĽѩûʧ䣬վᵽĺҡǰ˵࣬ϡξĽ֮һ

гüǵý㣬á
ҵ㣬˵࣬䳰ȷõһ
ϣҲؽ˼п˵

һϷ

ŵĽѩĲв

С
ϵͳŸָͷ

Ľѩһ䣬ҲͲкЩᡢġϷˡ

󡭡ɱ



󣬡·еξǰʮһ̨ʱˡ
ĺҡһ֮£һ˲

ҡ˾ò𡭡
лͳĵĺҡ˼ʵĺҡԣգۣĥοס߶ȡ

ĺҡᴹ˼Ƭ̣л䣬ڽڳ¡
лԣ䴽Цҡ˹Ȼҵġ

ĺҡƽˡ

л˸ˣϵͳͻӳв
ϵͳӳѹ
٣ǲС

ﲢħ磬Ҳܲ㡭
ĺҡ⻰΢٣˵ЩʲôʱһѶӴǰӽ

лע⵽ĺҡŵǵѶĿġ

ĺҡָ΢Ѷһ⡣
ĻѶдĺ㣡ѾӮ˵һԣΪ¸ϸСܸһˣ

꽭Ѷĺҡ΢˿
һڴѶʱѡý˽ĵˡ

ҡ˻صɽƺæЩ
лͳȴ͸żֲײίǱǵС

˭
ţҲҵһ°ܽĺҡ⺬

лĺҡݣǰħʱֹһƵ𡪡

Ѿһ˵ҡˡ
Ϊ˻صɽ磬ϴȥ˴ǰħȾϵħµ󣬾͸ˡ

ɽġ
㡭
ֻһħ

ٻħ硣
Ѿ㡣

лգۣ۽Ḳȥɫصĸ֮ɫĵ룺ԭħҲħ

ĺҡע⵽ǰõУǳʵʲô

лһƳָ֮ϣãסԼҪٵ֮ĳ嶯ҡԼ򿪿֪ˣ֮ҡ˿ҪһνҲǡ

գĿĺҡϣǰǷȡߣҡˡ
㻹

ĺҡãҲûȵлģתȥɻôˣ
л䴹Цķ޶ǣֻҡ˲ʲôĽѩġ

ҡ϶һ޶ġ
Ҳֻҡˡ

ĺҡԣɫ΢
֮ʱлѾǷһ뿪

΢죬ķ紵
ĺҡ򿪵Ĵϣֻصǰ
עǷУָϣδй

ǣ
б򿪣һ֧Ө͸ĻڷС
ͬѩ̶һ㡣

黨Ѳϡ
ĺҡղڲм黨ͼһ۱ϳڱѩԭеĺ黨

лȥ˱ѩԭ

֧黨ĺҡþò
ãٶ֣Сǡһϣ

ɫĺ̨ԵһգԪ㳡
ʱֲɢȥ

ҹԲ¸߹ڳҹĻ£
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣뵽ȻԼʱںɽ棬ȴδ˵ص㡣
Ҳֻôһص

ʱĺҡԼǰȥ
ȻһϮҹɫҲǼΪġ
֮أǼǰĺҡӹĵص㡣

ĺҡ߹ȥһƣ۽΢顣
ȻƺΪصһ㣬ްվ׼Ǹϣ˿֡

ʦ֣ɽĻʥأҸġ
ġ
ĺҡĬȻ²һ䣬ųʦ֣ʯˡ
˵գ׼õһ˳ȥ

ȻתĿ䵽ĺҡϣȴûȥӽɫҽջ˵Խսɹˣ
ǵأʦ֡ĺҡӦ

̨ԣȡʲôĳɼȻʵ

ʯʲôϵ
ĺҡɻƽڵʦ֣˶ġ
롭䴽εͷ

Ȼעĺҡ⡣
»ǰϣԭòЩ»䡣
˫ףȻԼԼӰ

̽ܶ˺֢Ȼ͵ڱѩԭУһĵرΪ黨Ѳϡ

˵գӴжһӸĺҡ⣬к黨һʯ㡣

Ȼἰ黨ʱĺҡԼ˲̫õԤС
һ˲ӹǷУоӨ͸ĺ黨ɫʵʦ黨ģ

Ȼֶ΢̧򢣬ǰ·һ¥ʱÿˡ

ʦ㻹Ǹտأ
ĺҡĬĴеĺ黨ͻȻͷ

黨ѲϣڱѩԭժʮԲɢʮ֮ժá
ĺҡڲļ𣬴΢

лҲˣΪһ㵽˾ħ˵ȡ黨͸

Ȼ·ԭаĽŮĽѩ֮һҲ˷Ѿ˼黨Իһʯ

һʯһ֧黨
ΰɡ
Ǽˡ

Ȼʧ⼸գΪȥѩԭժ֦黨
ĺҡǸʵʦǣ

ȻĺҡϾ飬ǳǺǣɱ롣
֦黨㣬¡

ʲô£
ȳΪ洫˵Ȼ͵ֻ洫Ӳʸ¡

֮ƶؾֻ֮洫Ӳܽƶ졣Ҫͬһȡƶеһ

ƶؾɽмΪϹؾ֮һ꿪һΡ
Ϊɽٶȼӿ죬ƶĿѾǰ㣬ܹʿ

ǧǰɽɽǣͷϸһԼ׳ɵĹء
ƶÿ꿪һΣԼһĵӽⲿֵӵΪó񾳽硣

ڽ֮УΨ洫Ӳʸƶؾʸ
ȻÿڻڣΪ˴˴ƶؾĿΪȡƶһر

ڡ·ƶξȻǵɵġƶŮҲδӡ

˼ˣĺҡȣʦ֣ǻʿһССʿʲô

ǣȻУҲŻ㡣Ȼڽ͵ˮϵһ

Ľѩˮϵͳأ

ĺҡתһĥʦңʦÿ϶ܼİ
δ䣬뵽ЩʲôʦʺϵʿҲɲع˼ҡ

һѡ㡣
ȻĺҡĻ˼ĺҡڵǵ⣬Ȳⷳƣ޶һĨ˵
ͺ񡭡ǵʲôҪЩʲô㡣

ںʱͳ⣿
Ȼһ˫ĵӹһ˿ãȻ֮ɫܿʧȥ

ʦ֣˾ͺá
ĺҡ⳶´ԴǰϷȻ󣬷ȻͱĪ

˵գеĽڷȻУֲһʯʦģΣһýٶмֵġ

洫֮λܵ
ƶؾҲһȥ

ϻĺҡĵ£ȻеĽָ΢߬ķƹ㡣

ǣ
Ƿˣ仹ʲôܱķҪȵģ

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ҹĻĺϣϰϰ

ĺҡ״Ȼ²۵СѹֲȲռѩһ÷ƣѧѩװõᣬϧֱʽ׷ˣܵõĽѩ͹ˡ

ĺҡתߣԼδʹ

ҹ񱻹ڽڵʮ֮޷
ħ˿ħ磬ɽУΣա
żСˣǷȻ
ѩ󲻻ĽѩȥԼ

лȥˣѩ
ѩȻԼˣ

һҹϣûмѩӰ
һ㣬һѩ϶Ҳ֡

ĺҡ˼ˣ´ĵһĺ

ѩ㵱ʲô֮ȥħ衣






23.  ڶʮ   ôãҪڻ


̫塣
Ľѩ, շݡ

ƬӺĽѩ΢üͷ, ͣ
Ҫ⼸ר, Ӧ̨ԡ
ĺҡأ
ĺҡ⡭

˿ʺ

, Ľѩݼ両ֳ֮ɫʹվ, ƿԺ, Ժȥ
ҹҹɫ, »ˮ, ڶΪ¹֡

ĽѩվԺУá
̫ɽƬдһʹع, תȥ

ҹɫ֮У죬Ƕ, ּ˸Ƭ̣

ǡĽ⡣
ˣ
ĽѩϳѩĽ, ʶԺⱼȥ
һϮѩת˲ʧ̫ϡ

Ƭ, ̫嶼, ƻҹĻ
Ľѩϵ˲ʱ, ֻһϮµѩн

磡
Ľѩⱼȥ, Ƽѩѩһ԰׵, з⡣
ַסѩ, ӴȡҩСιѩ

ָⴥѩϣĽѩɪ£Ÿþš
ѩȻ֮أ

, ղǡ
Ľѩ⻰δ꣬ѩת
ѩ˽΢˵ЩʲôʱʶĽѩ⵹

磡
Ľѩ⽫˷ȣҧŴﲻ⡣
ҹ粻Ҫĺҡ
ôء



ĺҡʰ׶£Ǹ̫ܵ巽ĶŲ΢٣ת̫巽ȥ
лôĶ

ҡˣߡ
Ĩħ΢΢ӿĺҡлϣĴҡھͬһħ磬ȥ̫ɡ

ѩԼǰ֣Դͷָ
Ǵʱٳ̫帽ܵ˵Ļɡһỳѩ£вɷָĹϵ

ʱ򡭡ɿʰлһħˡ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣վʯ£ȴδԶ

˴Ǻɽľ
Ȼһڣټ̨ԵľУɽĻʿ֮١

ĺҡԵڼδʹƬӣħ΢Ķлͳ

лħԳһ˫עĺҡ⣬ҡôأ
ҡ𣿡

ĺҡתл䣬ֻһ۱㿴л״̬üˡ
Ǿ˶ѡл䲻Ľ͵

лΪһħȻӵ޵ħһɱΧ飬ħһ峤ȴȫȻ˳ġ
мԶ

ĺҡ״΢ŻشлʱʵǸ⣬ʲôʱĻ𣿡

л䣬һֱҵĻ
ĺҡ⻺ȥ
л״΢

ĺҡ⽫лɫñΧסлһԼЩڸǲסħ
̧̧ƽڵһҲһ㣬ȥɡ

ʿħ粽Уħħɽˡ
лûˣɽУ޴󰭡
л䱻þ˸ˡٲħ磬ض¡

л乴˹΢˲Ҳ˲Ŀĺҡ⣬ǵõʲôؾһ㣬ЦԭֻҪˣҡ˾ͻ۰
д֮⡣

˵ĺҡջ֣
лԾ΢ĺҡƽЦҡ˵Ļô᲻أֻ

˵˴ʱл仰£˸뿪֮ǰһðҡ˽һ鷳

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣뵽˼ǰȻںɽ׽Ǹħ
һʼΪл̽ģлἰȴ˵ǸħԣǸ鷳

Ҳ˵Ǹħﲢлƿصġ

ҵҡӦòµ˰ɡл¥ħ

ħ
¥硣
λ˾л˾˾
һĺ粻ħ

ҹ緺
лעĺҡղ౻ҵƷ˿ȥ
԰׷˿˿ƵħƣСĽƷ˿ĺҡ

ĺҡⲢδκηӦֻǴ˼ʲô
л״ȴ䴽Ц¡
ҡֻԼεǰŻ޷
ԭҡ˻ġ
ҡ˲û䰡

ҡˣҪǵøҵĽл̧⶯βĨҹɫ֣ŶǵĹޡ

˵գлȥΪһħȻȥ

ĺҡ̧עţʱһħʧǰݼӹһ˿֮ɫ
ãתߡ

ĺҡصסע⵽лװ֦黨С߹ȥд򿪣еĺ黨΢΢תš
ҡҷʹԭӨ͸ĺ黨ѤɷǺÿ

뵽·ԭеľ飬ĺҡ⳶˳૵չذ
Ҳᰡ

̨ǰԽսɹߣֱӽ̨һ֡
̨һֱԣһʮ֮á
ʮգ㹻ˡ



̫ϣҹƻͨ
̫Ϯһ´̷ܿǰ¡

Ҳ֪Ľѩ̷µĵӣȫȻ֪롣
Ŀ˲Ҳ˲֮ϵѩ󣬽͵ֻҺúӦԴ˴̨ԡ

֮⣬ֻ֪
Ľѩҧ꣬ãȥĺҡȷһЩ顣

ΪλħƬ֮أĽѩⲻ
̷ԣǻһǰЩʱգʦںɽץһֻħĪйϵ

ħ
Ľѩ૳Щʲôʱϵϸ΢춯תȥϲ磬ˡ

ѩۣҹгֵǵӰɫ΢

̷ӼѩѹѯʵʦܣҹϮһ¡

ĽѩȻתվֱһ˫͸Щ֮ͬ⣬λʦ֣δѹҪϢʱܷݻѯЩϸ֮£

⡭̷Ӽ״˴һۣš
ĽѩڴǰȻǲð֡


ѩƵĽѩԣæתڴ齱ߣѩ֣ۿ΢죬е磬ǲ˿ֿʼˣ

ҹѩ󸹲ǵѪ˿ʱˡ
ӲҪȥĺҡȷݣҲȥԼˡ

ѩĽѩ֣ʾŽ
Ľѩ૵硭

ѩƽ
áĽѩ봹ֽѩһԡ

ѩ۽Ĩɫݱò԰׶Խұλʦʲôʰɡ

̷ӵͷѯҹѩϮһ¡

ҹϮ㿴ħ𣿡
δħϮҹΪӦڻϡ

ѩ˻һ̷ӵ˻һЩ𾪡
ħڻ֮ϵΪħֵѳѩ󲻹𵤾ѡ

ѩһѪ
Ľѩ״ü΢ȱˡ
ֻǣĻδѩ΢ת˹ҡҡͷʾ⡣

ʦܣҹʱȥ̫ʲô
ԼԼ档

Լ
ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ⣿
̷ӶڽǳԽսɹŵ֮Ȼ졣

Լˣ
ʱԼ֮м棿

̷ԣʶѩ󣬿ɴѩ˵ĺҡ⡱ʱްĺҡⲻǸѰ֮˰㡣
̹̹

Ľѩ̷ӵĿ⣬۽˲ӿֳһĨ̫ʶ˿ڣ͵ȥĺҡ⣬Ϊҡ

ʱʧɢĺҡʱĪУ㽫¸߸硣Ľѩ˶·ģԴȥĺҡ֤

ȴϻħ

ţ̷Щ⣬ŽǴ˽ˣ֮ȥĺҡ˽

̷뿪Ľѩż磬Ϣ
˵գ֣ѩڴϡ

ѩ˱ۣۿĽѩ⣬ѩ
ĽѩѩĻ磬㣬ҲŽ㡣

ĺҡǽ㣬Բħﹴǵġ
Ľѩ˵ţԺĽұʱĳ·ǰиֳһĻĻѪȵĻϣ۽΢գ£ѹȥ

ħֻٵĽңҺͽ㱻ĸײڰУۿЩħɱĽˡ

ԶҲǵ֮£ŽҲһģҲԲĽ֮ħﹴġ

ѩ䣬עĽѩ⣬ƽѩأħﹴ᣿ĽҵѪ𣿡

Ľѩԣѩԥ֮ɫ
֮һԼشǾɱ
κһħаϵ

ðΣѩ㳤ˣȴǰ˺ܶࡣ㲻Ҫ̫࣬ȥȷĺҡǲѩһ£ǿЩ
ĺҡҲǽڵӣδǻһģʱ仹ܳ

Ľѩ⽫ַϥ䣬ָ΢΢ƺЩɡ
ѩ֣ĽѩⴹƷ˿ûض󣬳ȥϢ㻹һԡ

硭
ĽѩԾչѩųѩһ˫УЭúϢ¾ʹѶҡ

ţȥɡ
ѩĿĽѩӰʧ⣬ջߣ

ԼһӺ԰Լ󲨶һӰֳ
Źеİɫƿùѩۣɫƽڵ

ǡ
ѩ֮ԣɫƿȡݸѩ
ѩ֣ùɫƿƿеһ赤ҩ¡

ϥڴǰ˼״ʶⵤҩúȻʿݻָΪҩЧһʮ֮󣬻ֺܳһʱĺ֢

Ϊ˽ڴ˴ε̨Զˡ

ѩɫ⣬ῴ۹ڴǰӰȥɣտҪһȥĺҡ⡣
ӰȰ˵Ϣ뿪ݡ

ѩӴռȡǰ壬ϿеǸѩ֣˼

ĽңĽѩһ壬ֱϡѩ󡱡ѩѩ⡱֡

ӻǰһգԼǿС
Сһ˫ǳŴ磬˵ҪȥԶĵطˣԼ͸㣬ҪһֱǵҰ

ŵ֪Լãﷳ꣬Ȼ˿ʸбĴ

˫۵С￴˺һǰԼǿСѩ󡱶ֵ͸С

һǵģԶǵø𣿡
ССĽѩǿ壬䱦㣬ҲԶǵøġ

һ·˳硣
ԶƽúĻĽѩ˫С
һ˲䣬޶һִ˿뷨͸Ĵ

ĽվһԣԼҴŮվôԶɵóվôԶʲôѩҪ뿪ĽˣûʲôûʲôҪ͸ѩ𣿡

һϮȹѳ֮ɫСԴ䵽ϣƳɰġ̵˵һ仰

һжҪ뿪һЩ
ϾôãʲôãͷҪڻɵأ

ģѩ󻺻˼ǰⶪشռС

˺һѩָһ壬Ͽеġѩ⡱֣г

һСҪ뿪Щ

ɵ걻ģֻ






24.  ڶʮ   Ľʦãгһգ


Խս, 򣬵ҹȥչˡ
Žչءһؾ̷ȥ̷һĺҡǵ

̷ԣЩɻĺʦѵûյǷ𣿡

ʲôţĺҡ̧, ۽գ, ƻȻλʦ˵ģĪţ
ִӴȡǷ, ݸ̷ӡ

ȵ̷ӿźĺҡգ, ¶Щ޹, λʦ, ǽӵĪ, ûģ˵ȥԼ𣿡

̷ӱ˴һ, Լͬҡҡͷᡣ
ĺҡЦˣڵ԰, ˭֪᲻أ

λʦ֣ǲųʲô⣿, ֪˭д𣿡ĺҡʵ
Ƿ̫ʦд̷ӵ

Ƭ, ĺҡʹ̷λʦֿеá֪˾ǰ̫ȫ

ĺҡͷ, ΢΢ҡҷ, ƽλʦԼ̫
֪, λʦָϰ

̷ӽ˼¼, ĺҡ, صĺʦûȥȥԼˣΪϵħ𣿡

λʦ, رħﻹѵĻᡣ̷ֽʣһ̯֣ƽƽʵĽޣʯȥǵر

ҵħֻ·һˣ
̷ĺҡ̸ֽ˼䣬Žĺҡͳ̷

һ̷߳ĺҡ㿴˴ԶʯϱĽѩ⡣

ĽѩһϮɫȹǲŴ̨ϱ꣬㱼˴϶˼־⡣
΢紵ķ˿ˮδգԼ͸żˮĽ⡣

Ľѩŵ˾ղųֵĺҡ⣬Ŵ̨ڼ֮¡
籾ˣκ̨ڼòϳͬ˱ԡ

ԭȽ̨һֵģȴǰǴϮħ룬¸ǵ˿ھþ޷ϣмβܸˡ

Ľʦã
ĺҡվ̷ǰʯϣųĬĽѩ⣬ԼĽѩлδüˮ
Ľѩģ鷳ġ

Ľѩӹһ˿ԥ֮⣬ǰһųһգΪʲôûˡ

룬Ľѩȴסˣɵÿɬĺҡȥˣôأ˭ϵҹħڽ̫أ

ĺҡԣɻĽʦúúһ룬յһûκţʱȥּ棬ԼǰǾǸ壿

ҡĽѩɣˮ봹ƺЩã

ĺҡɽǺ̵ܲģǿʳ˭д⣬ǲӷǻȥġ

ĽѩƺЩ̫ͬüͷ뷴ʱĺҡĽѩ˼ĽʦһֱǲǶܱ˱úܺõĻ

Χһֱбˣ㲻ܵ˺ĺҡעã֮еĽѩ⣬˳Ҳǡ

Ľѩⴹ飬һĺҡ⣬Ժȴֳֳ

Ľұʱ׵ǰѪħնɱڵ£ĸ׽ǲڰ֮УȻȻȥЩħ

ӳĽΪЩħ׷ɱҪúòֽԼܳȥЩħΪ

Ȼңͬһ뽣ڡлԽսģΪҪһ𣬲Ųμ̨ǰֵģ˺ȴ˶ʧһν洫ӵĻᡣ

ʼվǸ˵Ĵڡ

ƼĽѩ΢۷΢죬ĺҡɫ΢뱣棬ȻҲٵ档
ĽʦãгһգеЩ˶뿪أ

ڡ·ǰУĽѩıдӺҲóѡ
ѩΪĽѩ˴󲿷ֵķգȻҲ鷳ɡ
ɵĽѩѩֿ֮֮һΪôǿŮӣʣҪɽд

ĽѩȻָ߬⣬ҡͷģ㲻뿪ҵģҲߵġ
һὫһġ

ĺҡ״üпȻȰȰǻǾ˰ɡ
ͬʱ̽ʶĳԼеĸһת俪ڵΪ𣿡

Ҳǡ
ĽѩãȻ̧վʯϵĺҡ⣬֪Ϊĺҡ̬ͻȻֱ䵭
ղŻúõİ

ѩһϮ£ɫ˶ԵЩ԰ף
Ľѩתѩæܹȥַѩ󣬵磬ôˣ

ѩ£ŵ̨ԵĽˣΪͻȻ̷

Ľѩԣ뵽ĺҡղЩѾӮ˽ǳ̨ԣ˵̷ӽĺʦ˽⵱ġ

ЩҪ㡣
Ľѩ̧ĺҡ⣬ӹһ˿֮ɫСʵǰλͬʦ˵ھǰǸϣ뿪ס

Ľѩ˵գϵĲ֮ɫԡ
һζԱ֮ģĻ

ĺҡԣһתĽѩѩӹЦĽʦڻҰϮλʦֵħ᣿

ȷʵС
лʶ
˭˵һ̫ҹ֮£Ǹأ
԰ɣѩ

ĽѩɫһţεҲ˼ֻһ£㵱Ϊʲô뿪סġ

㻳ǶԵġ
ĺҡƼĽѩⱻôһʾذȫĵشŵģɵõͷңҲɵġ

ĺҡչüĿգǷǮծծˣ׬һʯȥծʯȥˡ

ծĽѩ૵
ǷȻʦ֡Ƿʦʯ£мӶ֪ǶΪ֤硭ҶҶʦ㣬Զʦ֣ͬеʦ֡

Ľʦãʦ֣Ǿòţȥʷʦְĺҡ

˵ˣ˾͵
һȻλδ֣ϯѽ˴⣬

ֵʱ̷Ӵӵ߳ΪӭӷȻȴ̷⾹Ȼ֣һģĸȫˡ
δЩ㶡

ʦ֣ĺʦãʦܺλĽʦãԭǶﰡ
̷ˣ͵ĺҡʦȥȻʦֳʯģδ̫帽

ĺҡʦǷʦʯһ£ҲѾѯʹҶʦúԶʦֵˣȷġ
ʦܣĽѩʦãĺҡʦõδܸԼԭҲҵˣҲϴˡ

̷Ӽ˶˵ԾԾյЦЦһЦ˵ʶҲǻԵɺ֮໥ʶˣ¶㷭ƪ˰

һ̷ȻЯ֮Ҳ޷˴䳡

ĺҡ䴽Ц£Ȼǰʱʱ֣Ƿʦȥʯ԰ɣ
Ȼĺҡ⣬ʶ˿̵ͷǡ

ħڽ֮£Ѿϱڵ֮С
̷˵գѩ󣬺ѵʦܰԺдţ˲ŻḰԼ

ѩƽ԰ױǰҿǲˡ

ֱʱĽѩ΢üͷɻǰ֮£֤ĺʦϿа񡭡
塣

Ľѩ⻰δ䣬ѩֵ͵Ϳ۽ƳѩסԼѪ磬ּˣ
ѩҡͷҲ޴󰭡

һǡĽѩԭѯ֮£˿̼״£һȷȥϢɡ

СЩ

ĺҡĿĽѩѩһ·ȥüͷ
ѩװ
ֻҪѩһȣĽѩȻ
һȥ˸鲻͸ǣˡ

뵽Ľѩ뿪ǰֹǷĺҡ΢⣬𡶵·еľ顣

·УǿСѩֵڱӹ꣬а鱻Ľѩ񵽣ӦϲŶԡ

أ򡰵ɽ¡ײԴʧˣºǰҲɡ
й̣͵óħʱλ˾ˡ

ħ¥硣
·ڶ֮һҲѩǿľ֡

ǰСֵ壬˿ħ¥С
δħΪ֮£Ľѩᷢħ壬ļԼҽĽѩ˶ȥħ

ҲѩĽѩĵһ

ʦ֣һмҪ㡣̷ӼѩĽѩ뿪ĿȻϣԥǰںɽ׽ֻħˡ

Ȼ΢ֵѵΪĥֻħ̫ˣ
̷޹͵ûаֻķԸֻħڵ÷ţûȥĥֻħ

ȵǰգȥ鿴ֻħʱͷħˣò׵ġ̷΢£˵ҲɺϣħʱգλʦϮҹ

ĺҡվһԣĬţǰָḲһֻĨͬһīϡ

л䡣






25.  ڶʮ   ǸƶϹߡ


л뿪ɽǰҹ, ص鷳
ĺҡⴹĵ

̷ͬȻ̸²ħЩħ඼ĸߣΪǵгôץסķ, Ϊߵħûõķ

Ȼ, ü΢㵹ͦ˽Щħ˼
ǡ̷æҡͷ, Ҿ˵ѡ

һ˵ħλħµԱħɷ, ɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ

ĺҡ۽΢, ۼ̷Ӵһ˵, ȳȻλʦֻҪ̸, Ҿиˡ
̷Ӽ״΢, ͸ż˷ܣæڵĺʦą̃һ, ҿŶ

ĺҡ£䴽Цлλʦ֡

̨һˣ
ȻѾ洫, æµ, עʮһʢ, Ŵ, ʶ̨ԶѾˡ

Ȼ̧, Ŀĺҡ, ա
˵ȥ̨׷һ, 룬ȴ΢¡

ĺҡɻʦ֣

·УȻһĽѩ, һ̨ϡȻŮһ飬ĽѩΪ洫֮󣬸ŴչĽѩ⡣

һڸղŷȻĽѩ⣬Ȼ޷Ӧ
ѲΪʱǰˣˣĽѩ̨ϵĸ߹ʱ̻û֣ȻͲٶĽѩһˣ

ĺҡĥƬ̣ȻǳúôܣҪӮͿޱӣ֮Լ

ޱӡ
ΪǽδСҶ
ĺҡգۣصĶԷȻ˵ֻб˴˲öĻ

ʦַģһʯҶ϶ֵá
˵գĺҡת뿪ʧʯϡ
Ȼ˲ŷӦĺҡ֮⣬ɫ΢ĿʯԶջ

һԣ̷ӵ˻żͬȻ̸Ҫˡ
һ߳һʦֲ洫ڲĲ飬ĺʦ˶ʦҲװͰ͵ģ˵ģȫһֻƻķˡ

Ȼջ˼̷ǵǣ̷ֵȽϿ㻹ʱ񣿡

ʱ䲻֪Ϊ̷ӣȥץˣܶ򲻹ɺͳ

õĺõģʦ֣ˡ̷ӵͷӦ

˵ǰЩӣʦصȥɽѺЩ鰮ʦʦʦʦøء
ʦֱʺ̷
̷ĬĬ



·У̨Խһ֣һĵӲʮλ
ʮλڵӣ̨һ֣ǰʮ洫֮λ
һڵӽԡʵۺϿ顣

̨ǰҹҲӭһϴԵı仯
ǽŵӣδڶʮͨ˳Ϊŵߣͽʰɽˡ

ɽ籾һǿʳĵط
һ£ˡ
ڲ֮Ҫ֮ĿԳ֮Ϊĵӣ˷Դ

ĺҡ̷߻ضСԺʱԺд춯
ƿţ㿴λʦ㽫еĶʰţԺУֵصӰ

ⶼЩʲôֵصӱߵҡͷ
ڵ꽫ţôܹصģȴû뵽⼸ڽڴ˶ʮ꣬Ҳûж

ֵص˵ţ۽ƳһϮӷĺҡ⣬ɫһ࣬߹ЦųĺʦãҿǼԽսӰʦú
̨ԣҿĺʦá

ĺҡһ··ĴӼһ䡰ĺʦãҿŶ
ڴˣȻʮ΢ЦӦлλʦ㡣

ĿӹԺˣĺҡ΢ЦλʦҪͬסԺ£ҲˣҪҪҾͻˡ

վԺе˲ԼͬҡͷܾɫȴǱùŹ
ͺһҹ֮䣬Ŷĺҡ̬ȶˡ
ڹȥŵӶĺҡΪƿˡģôʦʦ㶼ʼĺҡأ

ֵصÿʮ궼˼ȡ˲˼ȡĵӣƼŮã飬ɵó
ҿǶûȥԪ㳡ǰĺʦʵϵӰ¼ɣ

ŽջڽڵӣǽǽյݣȥԪ㳡һƣջ񡣡
գȾͲǽڵˡ

ĺʦѾԶԶ˦ˡ
ֵص˵գԼʵϹۿЩӰ¼ͷԼ˵

ĺʦǽڱڱԵڶ˦󣬻ҲѾӸ˦˰ɡ

ֵصӺܿպԼ¼ĶԺ˵ڽ֮ڣɽ뿪ڡ

ݼ¶Щ֮ɫͷӦˡ

ԺеҲСԺС
ÿʮһ죬ܹСԺҲչµ֮ӭµסߡ

ܿĺɫĺϣԪ㳡ϣعҰɽûЩʵ½ӲһƬ

ôС

һеڲһӰ¼ԶŮӵֹεʵϵӰ¼ȥʵλʦҪ˭ԽսӰأҿ԰ǵ

ԣ˴֮һۡ
Ϊ׵Ůӳ˵ˡĺҡ⡱֡

ĺҡ⡱ʱһԭĺʦõǼʱ԰ҸǰĺʦÿˣѴҶĻѧÿɾͨˡ

Ůĺҡݣӿ˵֮Ծɲš
ĺҡⲻż¶ѣôܻὫһôֵĻʲôһ

лȥѧҶķɻøձϳڵ³
Ůӷ޷룬ĿͶǰӰʯϡ


һտĽͻأϯ͸ӰʯŮǰ΢˲
ӰʯĺҡƽƽһһʽЩɵ˵һҲУϡ档

ŮԺİæʦĿ͸ż˷ܣ죡ĺʦþҪˡ

⣿
ŮԣӰʯС
һĨѩƮȻ䣬ʶȥסȴĨѩ͸ġ
֪䣬Уὣȥʱ׷䣬ѱѩǣ

ˡ

Ůʧ
ͺҲˡ

ŮסԾ˷ܵһֱΪֻͳõҾáĺʦõıҲ

ʲʵ⣬ǻŬѡ

ˣҲŵӰɣпĺʦÿҪʱĽ𣿡ӳʵ
Ҳ֪ŮӱʼɲðβŴÿնģ֪˼ʱĽ

ԣɵþ̾ԭĺʦÿնһյĽ
ҲҪЩˡ

ŮվʵǰӰʯеĻ棬ʧáĵĵӺʱ뿪ģҲ֪

㻹ЩʲôãѲ㻹ƾһҹͻȻ𣿡
ŮӴߴŮӿЩɽ
䣬Ůӻȥ¶Щᶨ

һգᡭҲһԽڵӵݻص

ԶһĨعɽ䣬ҹɫ٣ǳԼҹĻ֮¡
פϣŷΡҡҷƻڴ
Ԫ㳡ϣʵҹƣҹɫʵĻߣػŽڡ

ա
ɽУէ֣峿һعͶԪ㳡ʵϣѸӿ

ĺҡʱԺеȥȥ߶ϸ΢춯
Լʩ˵ྻ󣬲ųȥμ̨һ֡

̨Խһ֣Ѿ̭ʮˡ
ʮ֮У˻˴˴һĺҡ⡣

ڵڶˡһ쿼˴ڼ䣬ԽǧСͳΪ洫ӵĸһ֮ܣΪһ

һСָһ֮£ȥʮ겢δչʾھ˵츳ȴڴ˴ο˴ڼ䣬Խսɹ̨һ֡
˾ȵͬʱҲڸһ˼ֹע

ĺҡԪ㳡ʱѾ˲ٵӣǴո֣ⳡ̨Եġ

ĺ㣡ĺ㣡
զզӲԶĺҡתȥ㿴Ⱥǰ

˷ܵǳʦֵһ֧ͬĺģء
ĺҡ˳ȥ䴽Цлλʦ֡

ˣǻѹĺհεͷأ
ͣһŵӵԽսǴӮ˶ѣȻεͷ۹ˡ
䣬һԴһЩĻ

üͷһתȥȻƼ翷ͷ
ҡаȣЦųһ̨Եڶֶ߹ķҲûҪڽˣû翷

㣡
ɫףã³ҵơȻȥ̨һҲˡ

תĺҡ⣬ĺ㣬˵˵ء
ĺҡ䴽Ц£͵Ϊ·һ鰭ŵʯͷ˽յĺ𣿡

ԣ΢ĺҡⷬһ飬ڴɵ̾ĺ㣡˵úһ
ĺҡ֣аһϣָᲦָԪ㳡ʵڵķЦǶǰ

ǰ
ûʲôܹȥġ
ȥģȽ˵

һϮڵӷĺҡ䴽Цţ峺òڳγع£ܽޡ㣬Ŷǵ
עĺҡ⣬һʱʧеİµȥ

ĺҡֽİ̻ŻؽУȵˡ
ȻҲ̫һȷʲô
Ϊ˷Ȱɡ

֪ĺҡ޶ˣиƿˡĳƺţɴǰ̫λĽʦòŽһֱûĺҡ⡰ƿˡƺŵġ
ɽգƺҲûеġ
٣ˡ֣еġ

ƿĿ⣬ѹסԼӿЩ£תصĺ㣬ǳ廹׼һŶĺεͷ

ʲô񣡡
ĺҡЩ档

ҡҡͷڲ˵˵

ֵʱ˳˵˾䣺ˣ

˻£Ԫ㳡̨ٴĻ£ʵĹ⻪
״ĺҡĺ㣬ȥɣȥɡ

ĺҡԣǰֵصӽȡ˳ӿһĨտḲ֮ϡ
һ鴫ƣһ̨֮ϡ

ĺҡĿһɨ̨ȥŸƺ嫡ŷΡ롣
ڱ䡣

ĺҡ⣡
Ҷ̨ԣɹ̨׷һ֣ŸͨƴͶһ۱㿴֮еĺҡ⡣

ҶԴǴĺҡԽս˺󣬾һֱڼƱҪڽմУһɼ
߹΢̧°ͣߵĺҡ⣬Ҹ㣬ҳԣδ
̨һ֣͵ưɣ

ҶһϮȹ֫ǳɫϵסճΡ
ĺҡҶݣ΢Цͷҵš

Ҷԭĺҡ˵ЩʲôĻкһҪ˵أ˿ȫһ˺䣬ҪϲҪ²µġ
Щܣ

ĺҡ⿴Ҷ˺һ룺ⲻʶҶ
Ҷſ͵ſɡ

ĺҡٴεͷõġ
Ҷ
ûƢ

ðΣҶһǸˣԺŵûһö
֪ĺҡĽѩ˵˸֪֮£Ѿ뿪ˡ

Ҷ˲ŵĹأߵΪ㣬ʾá
ҶĺҡգۣӦ

ҶһαҭסŤͷԶԶһϲСܹȥŵ廷졣
Զʦ֡

ҶʦáԶӦҶһľ룬ʼղҶ֡
ĺҡºͳĺʦá

ʦ֡
ĺҡ΢΢ͷȻһ˿ĸо۽ɨսĿԶλһϮɫ۵ϡ

λü۾£ڳ΢ţĺҡ⳯Լ΢΢һ¶ǳЦݡ

ǸЦݲĺҡһȥͫصҰġ
еܰ

ĺҡգۣմ̨һʮλֵϢһһԱȣóλݡ

һһ㣬Ǳ̨Ψ֮ˡ
Ҳϱ̨Եһƥɣ
ĺҡڿһĳϮʽǰ籾󣬲ȷ

ʲôŸ֮¡ܾĸӡ˻֮֡ġ
ĺҡ뵽·У긵һܵܵĳ񲢲ࡣ
һʲô
˼ˣֿ۸һĿд˼̽Ѱ֮⡣

ʱһӣĽѩѩ˫˫Ͷ
ĽѩһϮѩȹī٣òȾ㡣

硣
ĽѩǴ˹ζĿѩЩѩ˿̵ֵܷⳡ̨Խ

ѩ֣Сʱǰ㣬ĽѩԴĽѩ⡣
۽ĨɫұȴݣЩС

ް̨һ֣Īšѩ˭ҲҪȥ롣
Ľѩԣҧ̧꣬ԶһϮȹĺҡ⣬ŬԼ˼š

κĽѩŵͷӦ׵ģ硣

ֱʱҶԼŷ֮ų̨֮ϡ
ҶһϮۣǫͣĿһһӹվ̨ϵʮӣΪⱾο˴ѡĵӣǶǱο˴оһһֵıԣߵ̨ġ

Ǳο˴һ֣ῼǵʡ뽣ݣ߽ţʽʼҶ΢΢һЦ

Ҷ£̧˦һŸ̨룬ⷺŸطĽɫġ
֮󣬱ŷ֮ͬõտˡ

֣༸λƽյǵĳ֡
ѿζ̨֮ϵĿʽʼֻ˽Уܿˡ

ֻǡ
һʱ֮䣬̨֮ϣ˿϶
˭Ҳһ߳ȥˣҲǸˡ

ȻǶ϶ĻȽȥɡһĿɨѰһ˼Ŀڵ
ʦ롣Ӧ

ĿϴУһȻŽʧ
˵һ˿ͷ˺һڣ̨ʮѾȥʮ֮˾š

ǽģλҶķһ
ĺҡǴϷطĳ񣬴ع̨֮Ͼֻʣˡ

ҶڵԶԶ
ԶڵĽѩȶ
Ľѩѩ˲վѵڵȽ

̨Ͻʣļ˺ĺҡⲻԡ
ھһο˴ȵ˵Ƚûʲô̫

ҶԶþòĿĺҡϣĺҡ⣬ôߣٵϳ˰ɣ

ĺҡԣһӡ
ǸƶϹ˰ɡ

ҪҪͬٶһѣĺҡ΢ЦŽ

ҶһǰЩһʯ
ؼ֮󣬱˵һ٣ֱûµʯöȣ˿޷ġ

ӣҶӲŵҶģʲô
ĺҡգۣ˭ȵƽ֮ϣΣ

ӮˣվһʯɣӮˡĺҡ⿴ҶѯҶ˼
ҶĿԵԶ¡

۵Զ
ʲôϵ

ĺҡ˲Ͷ΢Цף
Զ׬ȡʯϹ֮һˡ

˵һصĽ
ĺҡת֮С

ĽѩվѩߣĿһֱ׷ѰĺҡӰʧУ΢ʶ׷ȥ

һֻ΢ֵͷ˻
ѩġ

Ҵǰͬ˵Ļ𣿡
Ľѩҡҡͷû
ֻǣÿҹ֮ʱǲɱĺҡ⡣

ѩƼĽѩ飬ľĬһ顣
ĽѩѩĽѩ֮С

Ľѩ⻺߽ţ⻷õͬʱϴ̽ѪǼŨѪ
þصĽұһա

ǹԹԶҪ֪𣿡
ĽѩۼӳʶȥץȴʲôҲûץס
һ½Ӱʧ


ԶһϮƻŮЦ֡
ĽѩײײǵӰȥ㡣






26.  ڶʮ   һٳΪ


, ԹԴҪˡ
ĽѩײײȥȴŲԶǵӰԽԽԶ, һֻԶȥĵ

ʱ, ĽѩָֻһƮɢ˿ǰһͬþɢȥ

Ľѩڵ, ᣬʧǵĺ㡣
, Ľû, Ҳˡ
ֻһˡ

гһ, Ҳ뿪أ

ĺ, ĽҵĽĺɫĺϵĺ
ĺҡĽѩ˼˻

ĽѩŷΧٴα, Լֻص˵һڽмĺҡһա

㲻ǲʧɢĽ𣿡
ڣһȥ, ûǰ尡
Ȼ䣬ĽѩһǶ

, ѩ㸲
ĽѩԼϵ, ߹ȥ, ĺҡ, ҽ𣿡

ִٵĴϳǿʵϳ˵, ݹȥʵûаʵص壿
ǰˡ, Ŀ䵽ϵ̵, ɳѩ󣿡

ǰǸ壬ҵϿšѩ⡯, Ͽšѩ֡ûмһ壿

ĽѩȻţżǰܿ뿪ˡ
ʶȥԼһֱǰ壬ͷȥãżǰЩӽǿ彻ˡ

㻹а
ĽѩȻ̧ͷȴһϮȹѾԶ
΢򴽣ָ߬⣬˳Сһ·׷˳ȥ

㣬㲻Ҫߡ
һΣĽѩ׷ȥ֣ץסǰ˵һ½ǣʹ㣬㲻ҪңҡҲŵǸħȻġ
ҡҲ֪ǸħαװʿҵĴ

㣬㲻ҪȥǾһòã
Ľѩ֪Ѿ档

Ȼ䣬ĽѩǵӦ

ðһԶҲҪȥˡ

Уתסָ֣֣Ĩȥϵᡣ

ƽ֮ϣҶ̽ʶڸ˴˿̵ɵ̾ÿ꿼֮ʱЩָܻ⡣

Ȼһ;ϣȴͬҪġ
ԶʻҪҪЩ
ʲǽ֮;һżѣԲѣٸߵ츳ķϣҲá

ҶԶվ̫
̫ǾŷеŮޣһϮɫװò˫˿һס

˿Ҷп֮ԣ̫ȴǿ֮һֱͣͲǰĽѩ⣬üͷ
һͼΪĽѩ⣬Ľѩͳ֮һˮʣΪʣδɾͣԲ

Ľѩ뽣֮ʱһֱտĽѩ⡣
ڣΪõδȴڵһؿһֱͣͲǰûаչ

̫ϲĽѩ⡭ô£
ѩڽڳ£һ洫Ļᡣ
Ľѩ⿨ڿһؿϣþò
һУõĲˣѲɶˣ

ҶԣĽѩڵķ򣬳ĽǺӰɣ⺢ӵҲ
ĽұҵȽӵϢʱٸȥĽʱѾˡ
ϧĽһ˿˽ɥħ֮֡

̫ɫ΢ڵĽұ󣬳Ľѩ⺢ӣӦһӡ
Ľѩɢ⺢һֱҪ㣬ôЩ꣬ҲûеõκĽѩйصϢ

Ľѩ¡̫΢ҡҡͷѾ׶༪ˡ

ף
ֵʱһλͻȻȳָһ۵ĸһһĵܵܰɣ

ȥӴһ𣿡
˿һķһǺûἰһ

ԣ˲ſЦһճ˱չأ֮ⲢδʲôȤ
ʵ˵Ҳǵһ֪һиܵܡ

þУһ˲ڽ¡
Ȼ飬һ仯˻þ֮С

һܰãһƬǰһֱС
һ˼ȴδǰСǰȥȥ

һλһ£ɵɻһĵܵҪȥδ
ҿŲ֪ˡ

֮УʮӽǷɢڸ
һһڰ֮У֮һе֮ͣͷŰۣδԼҵʱȻ뿪

һǵһƻþ֮ˣ˿ڰˣ˴󲿷ʱ䡣
ɵĺҡǰʱ֮Ծֻһ˿ƻþ֮ߡ

һȡڵأгϥϣƬ̡
ʱĳһ˲Ŀ䵽ĺҡϡ



ĺҡŵһ˲һ䣬ֻصħ֮С
һΣΪһԹߡ

ħ֮ϣħЦſڵȻʲôǵˣԼȡְɣ
»Աȱ诣⣬ҡ⣬ѡһΪţ

ҡ⡣
ĺҡԼ֮ϣתվŵԼ

ħаǰ壬˼Ǳĺҡɣĺĺ
ĺĽҵĽ
Ľͬȴͬ֡

ĺҡ֪ڡ·ԭУħ֪ΪĽ֮Ůȴʧ˹ȥһ飬ħ磬ɵһʱĴ𣬽

һԭɽʿճΪħ֮ʿšҡħµĴħͷ
áܺ

ͷ

ԭУλħ׽Ū󣬾ûʲô˼ˣƾϵǰ壬Ľѩ壬Ľѩƭħ磬Ľѩһһ֪ԼĽ㵱γΪһԶĴħͷ

ĽѩʶħĳûΪˡ

ţԼĽ㾹ȻΪһˣħ֮캦֮ºǱɽ磬ΪħɽеġԵס

ĺҡ⾲ŵеһĻǰһת䣬תɽ˶ʮ꣬ڡħգܾ˳

Ϊǣôħأ
ħˣԵʦ𣿡
ʷһǵʿø³
䳰ȷʿظͬĻħ㡣

ĺҡգۣͻȻǰЩڲʱλݷ۵ĴġؿռЩ

޽𣿡
Ѱرѣ
ôѣ˭Ҫ޽
ҶתΪˣҲֻ㻹¶Ľϣƶᰡ

ʱλЩħһĻʱôģ
ȥģ

ĺҡⴹ˼Ƭ̡
Ľǻڡ

Ȼþ֮Уĺҡ⻺֣ԼĽһһȡ
񣬻ʺϵıһն

ûйʽֻǼ򵥵ټ򵥵һʽжѡ
Գն


ĺҡ⻺ۣŽ졣
·ڶнڻ㡣

ƽ֮ϣҶȻĿĺҡڵķ
ͬʱʶ̽Ʋ㣬̽д˿򽣽΢

Уų̲һѩ򳾷ѾãѾմȾ˺񳾰ǧоĬȴš
ȴڴʱ˿̣
ƹӭһ㣡

򽣳ʥ
Ҷһݣ뵽ʡ
ٴλʱӿֳЩ֮ɫ

Խڽ򽣳ʥʢֹֻΡ
һǣÿһ򽣳ʥ֮ʱǳ֮ʱ

ǡҶţĿ֮еĺҡϣοããʮĻ

λʮų֣Ϳϧ˰

ͬʱĺҡ治Զĸһ̧סϥͻȻĳ̧ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡһۣӭһȵĿ⣬ɵ̧ȥ
ע⵽Ǹһʱ΢˲ųʵ£

ڻþ֮УһĿƵһ쿼˴Уǳ֮ΨһԽսɹĵӡ

Ȼأĺҡʵ
ŸһԽȵĿ⣬ͻȻ˲ԤС
һĳϮ籾ļһòϮ·ϵĵʯ˰ɣ

ȻһڳϵĻһ𣬽гӽлƳûл̨ʱһܣղײգͽմ˿̰ɣ


ǰ

ĺҡ𽭾ռϢ븵һйصݣͻȻЩЦá
һⲻʯǰѽ˶·ϵĵʯɣ

һǰʮԡ
ʱһǰԸӵܵݰ뽣޽ȴڽʱá
ֱһǰųأͻȻʼΧÿһս

ս֮һʼ˰ܣ֮ͬİսʤٵ˴ڼսʮԼһ󾳽ĵӶȫʤ
ˣһԽսɹ

˼ˣĺҡ⻺һͬܵɡ
һƺĺҡ⻰Щ࣬ȴǿڽ˾䣬㹻ǿڿеһ֡

˵գһͷ޹ɻɻ𣿡

ĺҡⱻһ޹ҰĲģһʱסˣðβŻ̽ԵĲ²˵е

˻һһԭ޹һ
һἰһɫ΢ڻþеĳҴ㣬ŵӺ󣬾ȥҸųſ£

鸵һǸܺӰ
ĺҡֻʮ֮ĸһǲ֪ʱһܻܵô˼

Ÿһֳ飬ɵĵ˭ţÿԽŲȭģ

һٳδʮ꣬Ϊɽһλߡ
֮ͬУۡ

Ȼ˵λδĴΪ̫УʱǸʼճ߷յСꡣ
δһǶصһ֮һ
һѩʼճߡǰܡ






27.  ڶʮ   㣬Բ𡣡


һ˵, ĺҡ⣬΢˵ǰҲǸ

Ǻǡ
ĺҡЦ, ڸһʹļȫȻ, Ҳٷϻг, һ
һԴ˿̼ĺҡ, ǻӳг

ɺϵ, óͨ
ĺҡҲͰ, ֮, һԭ򡪡
һΪĴ֮һĸҶӣȻҲһͨͨĳ


ײ, ˲䱬Х

һֵһʽѸгһСӳ֮ʱ, ѿ彣ֻһƬӰϮ
, ƿ֮

һ߽, ǿ콣
һй, һ콣֮, ޴Ρ

ĺҡ泤Ŀ˲Ҳ˲, г΢̧, ΢ת, һ߲ƣһ˼ƳһĿ콣

һǲûÿ콣Ľޡ
Щ޵ĽʽȫȻûд˿̸һһ콣ùĪ, ˸ֱ治콣ӰУһӰǳ

һʼսٴİսʤ벻ͬĽ޽֣ƺѾܽط
Ӧԣڿ콣Ӧԣ齣Ӧԣڴ󿪴ϵؽ֮ƣָȥӦԡ

һһεĶս֮УҵӦ԰취
ֱལ޲ڽ£Ϊϵ̤ʯŻսĿжڽڹ͵ĸ磬һ

ĺҡܹ˿һɨĽնһơ
ĸһƺѾ͸ĳзüĿչʤȯ֮ɫ

ĺҡ⳶´ǣ΢гͽȻһתһ֮ǰ轣磬֮֡
ͻȻ֮תΪԼɱĺؽơ

˵ĺҡõĽëǸһ˿ֱһȻһһƼݵؽ
죡׼ݣ
ͻȻ任һ㡣

һһʱת䲻ĺҡﲻɵһҡ
࣬۸ѳһӡ

С
ܻš
һʶԼ˵Ŀٴμᶨӳһθĺҡ⽻ְ㣬̽ĺҡĽ硣

һ·ĺҡһεĽָʱ⺮䣬Ƽĺҡü£òܽޡ
ͻȻ˲̫õԤС

һ˲ĺҡ˰벽նٴαãøһֲ

̶ڣһѾֱĺҡֱõĽ硣
ÿΪѾĺҡ֮ϤӦ֮ʱĺҡгһ۷ٶϮʱȴһֽ硣


ĺҡⳤӳ֮ƣ·ֻصĽ硣
һһϲѸԼĺҡֽӦ֮гն

ĺҡ̧Ŀһݼ䣬ƼһԵϲɫ䴽
ȻһǸһ˿ʱ޷ԽĸɽøһĽܸһ

ţϱ븵һйһսġ񡱽顣
ɱ۸Сӡ

ĺҡᴹгԺһ븵һһսʱĻ档
˵һÿһλضӦԷǸһĽһˡ
޽ǱһԼ

Կ顣
һĽҲ
ڼһĽԿ϶С


һԭһϲгȥĺҡƼסΪԼʤڼ
ȴһ˲֮ʱĺҡеĽԤ׵۳䣡

ˣ
һһĿ䵽ĺҡгϣղĺҡһʽʲô˼һĥ͸

Ľһ૳̧ĺҡ⣬ĽΪʲôҸ磿

ĺҡƽջ˳͵ֻǾҵĽû˵ĽӰ𣿡

һԣ㶳бȻţ૵ղһʽһϵĶ֣ʽǸؽļһһʽ
üͷĽΪʲôģ

ĺҡ⿴ִеĽ꣬ڵѧˣҸղžѧ㰡

һͨսѰҳһضƽʽضʽȥѧ
ﵽĸ߶ȣǳԽ磬㸵һٶĽޣҲڸһ֮֡

һֻҪһУͿԴܸһ

ȥ򣬶ȥѧ
ѧԶҲԽǰ˵ġ

ѧˡ
һɽüͷƺЩ㡣

ĺҡ⿴˿꾫µüۣ뵽ʮĸһԼһ˿ϤС
ͺ㡣

һ
ĺҡ𽻽Ǹ꣬ݼӹЩ֮ɫ
Ǹꡭòʱĸһɣ
һԭʱȵľ

ĺҡĬջĿ⣬һж˼ָ֮ɫ

һþδֱĺҡת뿪֮ʱȻ̧վס
䣬ܹȥھǸϸĶˡ

һӽҲĿзǰλĶ֡

ĺҡƳ۽ȭͷĸһЩ渵һĿǰλĶУλ˭
ǣ΢ʵŵ

һͷǿǿɣ
ĺҡüǵһ͵ڶ˭

һ͸󡣡һȻ

ĺҡԣĥƬ̡
֪һ϶ǸһĿеһĶ֣Ǹ˭
˼ˣʳеɻ

һͷĿҵ

üһ
ܺӲҪȭԼҸ磬ҪָԼϵ
ĺҡֱһ侫ʣ䴽ЦŬ

һƼĺҡĨЦ⣬Ƕ˵ʲôƿˡ
ĺҡգۣɻô

Ҿ㻹û׺ÿһϵ

㡭˾ͺá
ĺҡһһ仰תߡ

һ׷ȥ׷ʵ˵ʲаȻƽ׵ʱ򣬸ôǰ
᲻ֱӱ

ĺҡסܺӵĳ嶯΢Ц㻹ûʸأƽ׻᲻᲻ͬȥ

һͷţŻشĺҡ⣬͵ʵҵֻǱҸҵʱ㻹

ĺҡȻͣסŲ׷ĸһһײϡҺʱֹס˽Ų

ǰһƵƽס
翼䣬Ƴɵƽ׷΢񻪡ƽ׼ط·һöһöϹŷġ

ǰһεƽףƽ׵ȥ˲ʱ䶼δվ
ƽΪ̫ӣɽײ֡

ĺҡ΢ת涢ƽ׵ĸһſ
˵գӣһֻ̤ƽ׵һݡ

ĺҡøһſվԭգգۣſ

һ˲ĺҡվƽ׵һݣ޴ųһƽס
ʱһ̣ƽɡáʲϳˡ

ǲδֳ౻ѹƣܲű黨һʱ䣬δָ
ʱĺܲɰ

һеһУⲻƽװ㡣
ܾúܾ֮ǰõϱԽǶʱĽѩʱϵͳĽĽĸ͸¶й֮°㡣
ǿǿǿƻԡ

޷ȥκһߵľ顣

ĺҡ۽ޣŽƽϿеطģ˵ڶ

һվƽ֮£ǵһϮȹӰţһһƽס
һסססʱʮףĺҡԽԽ·ƽ׵ѹѹϸӰϡ

һ˲䣬һ뿪ڣĺҡȥˣɡ
ߵĺҡѾһϸŵˣȽŵӻҪЩˡ

գûг

ʮס
ڶʮס
ڡ

һվƽ֮£ĬĬĺҡǹƽס
ֱЩڻþеĵһһ˳׷ƽǰʱһһ̤ƽذ㣬δٶȡ

ƽµĵӿ˵иһǸܸܵһɿǰʮף˰Ӳʱ䣬ɵĿɿڴ

˵Сʦܵܵʺܲôƽףƽһ㣬ߵ÷ɿ죿૳

Ǹɵӡһ׼ʯ׵һԣһиһڣĸӲƽƽģ

ˣһǸ֮ˣһҲǰҡŶֻĴˣĴ֮һ
ĴҵĺӵУһƽӹ֮𣿡
ҼǵҲڡ

ʣ͵Ƕ˰ɣ
²ţ۱㱻ԵһƼԽӰʱĬȻ

ѩɫ԰ף̧۱ֱƽףĬʰ׶ϡ

ƽ֮£еӼѩƽأĿ̲ס¶֮ɫ
ӵܵʾǲһ㣬ͬˡ

һӰԽԣһ˵ڶʮƽס
һϮȹʲôɷħ׷ϵҶɵĿɿڴ
ðΣ૳Ҷ֮Ů

Ҷһѳƽף鸡ֳİ֮ɫ
ȻڸղŵĻþоĺҡãΪѣ
ֱˡ

µǣþȻΪĺҡΪֿѺ󣬸뿪þ鵽ڲſƻþ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ

Ҳ֪ĺҡûдþ
ĺҡûþȿ˴ȽҪݺݵĳĺҡһ
ʱĺҡⲻÿޱӰɣ

Ҷ˼ţ嵽ƽ׵ʮʱ²
ܵƽ׳ƹѹ

ʱһ˽ʱҶѾ
̧⣬ԶԶϲԶʦ֣׷ˡ

ԶҶʦá
ҶһԶԣμҡҡ׹
˺һסΣɳʵԶʦ֣ûпĺҡ⣿

ĺʦ
Զԣݼӹһ˿֮ɫЩɡ

ҶƼԶ˲ĳɣòĺҡ⻹û߳þɣ

Զҡͷ͵ˡ
뵽һǰƽϼĺҡʱ龰ü΢£ڵһǰƽϼĺʦá

һǰĺҡ̤ƽ׵ڰʮʱһѾ׷²Ҳ

һ潨ҿֲס˰
ĺҡһƳ롣

һĺҡǵıԼΣ˵ʵ

֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô
Ϊ١

һԣЦҸ绰ŲأÿμҶңˡ

һٲʱĺҡⲻٳѾϾˣֻǰƽס
һҲû࣬ʼԴƽ׵ѹ

۽ƼһϮµѩ׷ʱĺҡգۣŴ
룬һν

㻹ܳԽѩ֮ӣδͳ֮
ϵͳ˵Ļһλϣ顣

ƾʲôأ
ѩŬѩ
٣Ǹвɵư

ͷѵһвɵƾ͸ñ

ƽ˷ѹѹĺҡϣҪѹ
ĺҡһֱδѹ֡


ǲ
ûκѹ۽ǡ

롣

ѩȻͣ½ŲתӸ£ƽĺҡ⣬ԼһʵûСã


ֵʱһĳһͻ

ѩָ΢˲ԼıĶһ˿ɻ
ı˼ѹֶģ֮ͬʲôԸ㡣

ԭᴹĺҡ⣬ָڼǴļ¶գۡ
ѩ̧ȥ˲Ҳ˲Ľѩ𣿡

û
ĺҡһ̤ƽףһס
ֱѩͬһƽףתƽĽʦû˺ɡ

ĸһʵܲԼ󳤽ֽӺȡϸ̽Щʲôë
Ȼڶ̶̰ʱڣɵĲΣ

Ѳƽ׸ʲô񽣲ɣ

ȸһٻ̧ȥʱĺҡͻȻӿ˽ŲҲˣƷϼѵĴ㡣
ĺҡ⻹жһܺӴ˿̵뷨ʱָһ١

һӺҶԣһ˼⡣
Զʦһǰĺҡ⣬Լһ·׷Զʦ֣ȴûĺҡӰ

ҶȻĺҡ⾹ȻԶʦٶȣ


Զɫ΢УʱƽףиֳЩ֮ɫ
ƽ֮ϼĺʦõӰȴһֱδܼĽʦõӰ

Ľʦ

Ľѩӻþеһ֪䣬ۡ
ڵϣ㱡
ʱˮ΢΢˼ű

Ľѩ̧ȥ͸Щã֮ɫ
СкҪҪô

ĽѩһϮѩȹΪһ㣬ڤڤ֮һĪָʹҵƽǰĽݾ

ֱƽ
Ľѩ̤ƽ׵һ㣬ƽߴ𵴿ĵһ촫

ӵĵһ
˵ƽףӡ

Ľѩҧ꣬ʰ׶ϣﲻ϶ԼҪţҪš
绹ء

ƽ֮ϣĺҡһһı죬ȻȴʼûгһϮѩȹ


ƽ׵ĵʮӱӣϲĽ졣

ѩüͷ΢ָ΢£ס˶

Ľѩæӳʮ죬ɫ˲ѩף΢˲
Ŀ⻺ĺҡϣ·ֻص˻þ֮а㡣

㣬Բ𡣡
ڻþУǱͱһϮڳȹĺҡС






28.  ڶʮ   Ķ֣𣿡


ΪƳþ, ֡ɱĽ㡣
ȴͬĺҡһģһݣͬ޵ò
ֻΨһͬǡ
þеĺҡȻħܽޡݼ乴طħ, 

˼˴, Ľѩ⿴ĺҡ⣬ɫЩ֮ɫ
ǰЩħϮ֮, Ŷĺҡ˲̫õĻ롣
ƽ޹ʵģĺҡΪڵ, ôܻħأ

Ľѩָ߬, ΢, ˲١
ڻþ֮еö޷԰, ŵһԵĹؿһûͨ

վڲԶѩסĽѩ⣬
Ľѩʧǵ߹ȥ, 봹Դȥѩ󣬵, Բûܽ˴αԵǰʮ

ͷ̧
ѩƵɤĽѩͷ, Ľѩһ, Ż̧ͷ, ѩ

ѩһϮ, ǽδղðϢԵ, һĨճݵ

ĽѩѩβµĨɫ, ɵ뵽ǰ̨֮Լ˶ݡ
, ұˣȫԴĨɫ׺
֮ɫ

Ľѩ΢򴽣Ƽѩ, ֪һ˲ҪЩʲôˡ
ѩʵڻþʲô˳޷԰Σ

ĽѩⲻҽԼڻþĺҡһ˵ֻӿڵ˵ףнҲڣĽҲڡ

Ҳʱ䡭ѩ룬ͻȻסˡ
ǰĽѩ˵þе龰΢ǻص˺ܾúܾǰĽҰ㡣
ԣĽҾ£ѾǺܾǰĹȥ

ĽѩŴз͸żϲи硭Ҳˡ
һйʵ̫ãκα뷨ȥƾ
ֻǵ󣬸Ҳĸˣħﻹˣʧ
ʱȻѡ

ѩֽ˲ŻĽѩԴһڣһᡭһֱ㡣
˭ҲܽǷֿ

Ľѩ̧ѩҲһֱڵġ
н㣬ҵ˽㣬͸ˡ

˼ˣĽѩת۲ԶһϮȹĺҡ⣬ɻ

ĺҡ⿴Ľѩڵʮһϣδ΢ĴʹС
Ѿʼƫ롶·ԭˡ

Ľѩδܽ뿼˴ǰʮγΪ洫ӣһƶؾ
òǡѩĽѩսңռ˷ָҵһɣ

ĺҡ²ţ۽ƳһϮƳȹҶĹĵ˹
Ҷǰ΢򢣬Ըķ䣡ǵһƽ׵ˣˡ

ĺҡԣգۣʾ⡣
Ҷ˵գЩ֣˺һɸ߰ĳŰɣҾͽʯ͹

洫ϣԾһӮ㣬ţҶߵ

ο˴Ƚͳȥչأһֱչصһ洫ʼ֮ǰųء
ͲӮĺҡһΡ
Ҷ߬СȭͷԷġ

ĺҡŬҵš

Ҷĺҡ˷Ӧεݾ͸Ĺˣʱ̨ϴԼҵһȣת

ҶºĿһһӹǰʮλƽ׵ĵӣſݼȾЦ⣬λҽһ쿼˴У洫֮λӣֵء

һתʣ·ϵһשŷ֮˭Ϊ洫ӣٿʮλڽսɡ

Ҷ˵գ̨ۣһƵ
㣬µʣȴ͸ż֮УڽУҶĴֱʣΪҿͨһͨͨƵ

λڸƵн𣬾ֱãŷ֮ڶһţ˿Ǹ֮ԣøƵһıߣɻһζҵҪĻᡣ

ҶЦĹλ뷨ҵһλΪʦģ⸡Ƶ𡭡ɾһõĻᡣ

Ķ
Ķж

ĺҡԣȴüĿӹԶվѩԵĽѩϡ
һûʲô֮ԣǾԶ޸Ϊ˸ѩһõһĻᣬΪĽѩһ洫֮λ


˳⡣


ѩҶ֮ԣתĽѩ⣬ʱĽѩѾµ뷨ҡͷ磬ԼĴԼ洫֮λʧ
ĽѩⴹԼĴ͸Լе

ѩԣȴֻĬĽĽѩ⻬ղ鷢ƽҵ뷨
硭Ľѩüͷѩ԰״ɫЩѩ塣

һԣҶԼҵ˵ĸԣĿƵĵĸ̨õı̲סƲƲ죬㾹ȻѱһֱǼóԵĽ

Ҷüͷһ壬Ƕתͷȥƽ㲻Ը̷Ϊʦ
ˣһҪȥ׸״

Сȥ㡭
ĺҡҶһԷСţɵ۽΢¡

̨ϣҶ֮ʽʼʱһͨ׼Ȼһ븡ƵС

Ҷ״϶ĵͷ
һ˼״׷תķ𣬽ͨУǰƵ

Ƶԣڴˡ
ǶǰҶһؾлõر֮һղǸƵһǰ
Ƶеĵرɵþ

Ԫ㳡ϣеΪĽĺҶҷ񣡡
һǳ̾һֱ΢Ǿŷ֮еӴõһˡ

˵΢ʦʦǣÿһǧƷʯٺ֮⻹ʮƿ鵤ʮͷȡ
΢ʦʦÿͻµķ¡

һʱ䣬Ԫ㳡ϲԼͬ˶ҶԼ΢ƴֵۡ
һƽ޵У΢ڵУһضʯı塣

΢尡еС
λʦܣο˴Ƚ󣬲ѡһʱȥ΢尡
ȥ΢壬ʯòĵҩ
ҶķɻɽŵǰʮĽ֮һ

̨֮ϣһϮ۵̷̨µĵӷ׷ױֳҪ΢뷨뵽Լ̷̹ϡ٣ֻܽͰ͵Ĺӣɵüͷһ壬
˹ģ

ҶЦ£ҽսƵó⸽ԵĿ˵ص㣬ҲΪλѡԼ洫ӡ

̷ҶԸһ̫һ̫Լ꣬Ѿϰˡ

ֻǣŷ֮һǱĸƵʱֻĿ֡Ԫ㳡ôҪ΢ĵӣͻȻ̷Щжôλᡣ

Ѿ븡ƵеȻ̨֪֮£һȥƵ֮У㼤ϳ


ĺҡһ븡ƵУһδվ֮ʱһԲɨ
ڹսܣĺҡѸٷӦгǵնڽ£

һλڽ𵤾ʦ֣ĺҡѷӦڰңңһ񣬵ĺʦãʧˡ

䣬һӰڸһλɫȹʦ㡣
λʦ״ȴһ˲û뵽Ȼһĺҡ⣬ɵü㾹Ȼһ
ĳЩΣִͬʦ㡣

ĺҡͨԽս̨һ֣ѽ洫֮λеλУ˵󲿷˶δĺҡ⽻֡
ԭӶΪֻ洫ϲŻĺҡ⣬ȴû뵽һ쿼˴ȾȻ˸һԣлǰĺҡ⡣
ʿ඼ĸߣôŹĺҡ⽻ֵĻᡣ

³߿ͬλĺʦôһܣֳӮ˵
̣ȴǳĺҡڵķһۣӹᶨ֮ɫʦ㣬ġ

ĺҡػصĿ۳£üһ潨磬λ⸡Ƶϴһ˵
䣬ĻѾȳгնƵóѺ˼ȥ

ԽԽԶʹڸƵԵ˿Ѿ˸ƵΧ˺֮ϡ
⼤ͬһָ߹ҵĽ

ĺҡ״ҡͷתȥһ㳯Ƶȥ
Ӷïּٶӳһ

׼ĺҡ⽣һۣˡ

ĺʦúüıһ¶Ͼˣ֡
ͬһϮڳۣݶ㣬β͸żֱ֮⡣


ʱûôడ
ĺҡ۽΢飬ĿˣɻʦҲҴܵģ

ԵӶڲ֡ӳü΢ҪѪУ㽫Щָ

Ҳǲֻ֣٣԰ɣ
ĺҡ״Ȼͷʦֺ뷨

Ӽĺҡһͬ飬ɵһ㶣ϲüңڵҲͬҵ뷨԰ɣǳ˾һçײçҰ֮ˣֻ֪ұսսս

ûûأƽһԲϾͶ֮ˡ
˵һѣĺҡȻӳ˽źһȥ

Ǹˣλʦ֣ҲһԲϾʹܵˡ
ĺҡ˵¶ȴ飬Ƶ֮⡣

̶һӣ뿪˸ƵΧ֮ڣ
Ƶϣʣˡ

ĺҡʦ֣תȥʱһס
ĺ㡣

ĺҡͲ˴˴һˣһĺ㡱ȴԾ˲ڲݴеˡ

ǲݴԲ˸߶ȣ˶ȥǿܹסΡ
Ӳݴܳһ¡ݰ۵ֺ꣬һ䣺ĺ㣬㰡

ĺҡʵǳ壿ģ
æͷĺ㣡ǸŽʦֵġ

ǰĺҡչأδע̨ǰֵ
غĺҡȴЩ֣һǫ̂һֶûֱӱ̭ˡ

ʼ£ŵ˵ʦֻ᲻ȥң
ĺҡԣüֱӵ˭ĺ㣿

˲˹㣬ʦ̫λʦ֣ʦһ̨
ûüġ

վԪ㳡ϹۿƵӰĽʦֱˣ

ĺҡЩ⣬ѩ󣬾ȻûŵùһУˡ
ƽἰѩ󣬿ɶǼõĳޡ
ѩգЩðɣƽº޺αװҲ˺ˣȫȻͷ

ἰѩЩµĺ㣬Ǵɵ˼õڵʮϡ֪ΪʲôҸоλʦֿҵôô̫Ծ
ǲ֪ҽʦڱ˵ҲǳĵӣҪأ

ˡ
ĺҡžǰЩ죬ԭǴ˴ܹעĵʮ洫֮λˡ

˵ѩС鷳пġ
ĽѩڵʮһϣСÿڵʮϡ
ѩвɵƣôҲСĽѩλðɣ

˼ˣĺҡⴽ΢䣬ǰʲô֣⸡Ƶһ㡣
ĺҡЦݣɵû˲񣬲ŻӦĺ㣬ҽס

Цĺ㣬ǿ߿ߣҺͽʦֿɶڴõһ˰

Ԫ㳡ϣڶӿӰְĵЦݣɵ˳˼
һ𵤳ڵΪҪ൨СŻԼҪΪĺҡⱣ
ܸܲЩʿЩӰ

һ쿼˴ȣô˿̸ƵΨһһҴʿ˵һǶôŵһ°

˻δüп֮ʱڸƵ֮⡢ڴܵĳµˣѾ˸Ƶ
ʶһִۣٶȴֻ붯ڲ붯ֵĻʦһ𳶽ս֡

飡
һӰУº޺ѩһɣ˷ɳƵ׹뺣У޴ѩ˳

˳˼֮У룺һ쾹Ȼûһ׵ˣǿƺĺҡ˵һҲôˡ

Ƶϣѩ˽֣תȥѸת˲ڰٲ֮⡣

һԣĺҡƵĸ̨ȥ
ɽʱƵϽʣڴ˴ϡ

һųһ
ĿѲһȦֱӺѾֵͬĺҡ⣬аνնһ⣬Ѹٺɨ

Ҷ粨Ķ½ǱնһǣߵһҸЩʲô

һԣѸжϳԼҪȥս˭гһָңңָһϮѩ׳۵ԶҪս
Զԭһֱעĺҡ⣬һһָɫ˲ŻҲܡ


һû˵ӳгҷ磬ְԵԶȥ
˲䣬ԶĽ磬ѸӦ֮ὣϡ

ѧ˵Ľ磬ѧ㰡
ĺҡԸһ˵Ļϡ

һջ˽˰벽дЩɻ֮ɫЩĺҡǷе˼

Զ̧ڸ̨֮ϵıԺӹһĨѩӰ
˴ԵһĽʦá

һûǷ˼ٶὣɨȥ

ιһ㡭ҶԶӭϸһü΢׷ȥʱ۽Ƴɽ֮ڸ̨ı

硭
ȥȡ˱Զʦְɡ
˼ˣҶ´תƾ裬ת˲ɽȥ


һĽնĽҶ˻
Ҷֱɨݣ͵תס˳ѩ

ѩִųĿɽ̨ϣӹײƫִ
˭Ҳǰ

Ҷմѩ£гӳ
ɻһ²÷ɻһƬһƬƻƮ㣬аĻҶ䣬ȴնѩ֮ʱ֮ƾ



̨֮ϣ̫ƼƵҶʹһзɻɵõͷ̾ղҽڷɻϵǰЩӾ١

ԣȴǲйؼ㣬Ц̫û뵽ֵվȻҲֳŰ
ץ˸е̫˲ЦԽսһգ㲻Ҳ𣿡

һϮµ̷Ҷ⽿Ҫѩһˡ
ץסһؼ㣬ЦǺǵ̷ԭҲڰ

̷
Ļ࣡

ҶһԣĿʼעһֱδκζĺҡ⡣
ǣδڡ
Ůǳ֮
£ûһ̵ܽ
Һĺҡĳ֣һ쿼˴ȡ
ʮꡭ



Ƶġ
ɻ£ѩϯȥ
ѩ󽫽ݳһͣ̽÷ɻУڽϵѹת˲


Ҷ͵غ˳ȥȴɱѹ˫زһĨѪ΢
һҲǣѩһУͽܣ

һΣѩĽ⾿Ǻֽ⡣
һΡ

Ҷղֱѩʱĸܡ
ѩĽ⡭һĽκ벨
ֻܲǵ麮⣬Լ޷ݵһĪܡ

ˣİɡ
ӦĽҲӦô˵ʱŶԡ
Ҷѩκεѩ˿̾һ

ĺҡվɽδעѩҶһս΢ġ

һԼĽ佣н顣
ѩǽԼһĽ侲Գ֡
ͬǽȴȫͬļˣ

ѩվɽСϣĿĺҡϣԼĺҡס
һ˲ˣָȴȽ

ֱѩһɫҰףֱͬһ޸ɱ¾߶ϣֿ
׸ܵѩɱ⣡

ʶһײЦá
ȻԤǶԵģλʦֻǾÿ˳ۡ

ȴڴʱһްƫѩгǰ紦
˫ۣ֮ʱ΢תĺҡ⡣

Ϻӿĺҡ
𵤾磬ת˲

ѩȻֵĺҡ⡣

Ķ֣𣿡
ĺҡƫͷЦ޵






29.  ڶʮ   ѳ߾


𵤾磡
ͬʱ, Ԫ㳡ڶӷĺҡת˲׽֮£ɵþ

֪ÿԽһ󾳽, ǴԽ, ǽ𵤿ԽԪӤǸ߾, һϵĴڡ
ʿҪƳϣܴӵ;Խ߾硣
ڿԽ֮ǰ, ʿͨѡڱչؾ֮ʱгء

˿̡
ֵƵ֮ؼ֮ʱ, ĺҡˣ
ްԤ, ͬǺ˱ˮ˶ٱ㷹һ, 򵥵׾١

ֱʱ, ҲзӦȽĵ૳ԭĺʦ֮ǰһֱ𣿡
һΪǽ𵤾ˣû뵽֮УȻҲôĵӡ

˻һ, Χһĵӽˢˢ
ǻǵԼʮǰҲĺҡǸƿˡ

ƿû, ˵
Ҳ

һʱ, 𾪸֮̾, ĿתʵǰʾӰ, ڴŽķչ

Ƶġ
ѩĺҡ, ĿЦ, ԺиֳǰһϮµŮĶ˵֮ԡ
һ·˳, һжҪ뿪һЩ

ѩ޳ִŽƽˣֻгת, ָĺҡ⡣
ĺҡƫƫԴĿƽгδ˷ֺ

ͬһʱ䣬


ֽײѹ

ѩһϮ翣һӣ羪Ӱгĺҡն
ϯԼаӰ֣ӰճһһĻĻ棬򽣽٣ֱĺҡ⡣

һ̵ѩһһĽ˺ƽ޺αװâԣ

ĺҡⲻȥ֪̽ѩ˿̵״̬гն
ײ໥šţŴ˷ռ䣬˴ǿðҲá

Уĺҡѩ˫侲ȫȻһ˸е΢гٶϮϡ
˳ƻնѩ

̶һӣ˱ѾϰС

ҶĨȥǵѪɫ԰׵վɽ£Ŀ˲Ҳ˲ɽ佻ֵˣоһ˲ҡڲ
ĺҡи˼š

ǰս׽𵤾磬ȹΪĽ׶Ρ
ĺҡǽղŽ׽𵤾ģԺ޹˼ɵѾǽڵѩôã¶ơ
ͬǽ𵤳ڣôô

ʱĳһ̣ҶȻѹԼ־ȥ
ôʲô˵ģ
ȥոأɻغĺҡѩЩͨͨڽ¡

˼ˣҶͬڽֱԵԶ븵һתȥ

Զ븵һԼͬնԼ˿ܳǿһڰмͬңңһա
Ƶϵıƽûһͬ˸Ƶ

ҶţʶԶʧķ૵Զʦ־Ȼ˸һǸҽֵĻˡ

˿̻ڸƵϣֻʣڽֵĺҡѩԼҶˡ
ҶŸ̨֮ϵıĬ
ȥ

߬ȭͷΪŵĿѩֵĺҡ⣬߶ĺ㣡ģһġ


ͻȻ䣬һ˹ָס
Ҷ΢̧°ͣݽεҲţҴ򲻹ѩ󣬻򲻹ˡĽǴһܣ

ԣݵһ壬૵Ҷʦ㣬㡭
ٷϻҶüһг׻ӳ

һӺҶƵ΢Ŀɽ仹ڽֵˣ૵Ҿ˵ҲУ˾ķӡ
䣬˱㱻ƵĴ͹âϯͳ˸Ƶ

ƵϽʣĺҡѩˡ
ȫеӵĿϾۼ

ѩͬһ˿֪ƣĽ㣬һһѹѹϯֱĺҡȥ


гĺҡⴹȥ
Ѿ˼ޡ
ִŵͨһڽεս֮УѾϸ΢Ѻۡ

ѩһϮת˲㵽ĺҡǰһ˫ƽĮȻעſֿˣѰһ㣬ȴһ˲¶̵ɱ⡣

ĺҡܵĨɱ⣬ȴδ˿⡣

ѹ뽣ӿ
ĺҡгȻȴϸȴ˲ɵΪĺҡ˰亹

ʱеĽˣζҪˣ

Ҷ԰עӰеһĻ΢üͷСߣ˭㵱ʱһýģ
ڽˣ֪˰ɡ

ԸԿ֮ʱȻԪ㳡ϵķȻӰеˣԼǵڵϵİضϽδһԡ

һ˲˸Ǿ
ʲô
ĺҡΪʲôѽʣİسˣ

Ƶġ
ĺҡѾȴĳ΢򣬽нʣİسһָǴ
Ѿ಻סԼĶ

ѩĿĺҡϣеİس£ҲδаֳɣٶȻӽǰ

ĺҡ⿴ǽҹ˿δһ㣬ָš
ߵϵͳ·Ѿͼһһ̶ľδʹԽ۵վֱ塣

ϵͳҪҪ
ǲǶˣǣ¡
ǣǳˣǺ򽣣򽣳

ǵĳһһϮĺҡȻѩնĽ֣Ƶı⻪޷͸С

̨֮ϣҶȻվüŷʱ׼Ƶе˴ͳ


֮ʱ֮ڣ
еӲԼͬĴԼмѵĳĿ¶Щ⡣

̧ͷʱɫȻƿһտϯû

һʲôĽء
ûзصΣտĹ⻪šһ򵥵ĳһֻ޳׵ִš
ƽͣȴ־

ȥ·ڤڤ֮֮У޶˾͸ʺֵֻ˵Ǳ

ûֱһȴԼеĽͬܰ㣬Ҫտ֮£Ҫ򵥲ĳΪ֮ͼ

૳ǡĺҡı𣿡
˺һȴʼû˻ش

һʱ䣬ס̲ס룺δֱһģ˷ӦҪ⽣֮¡
ǡѩأ

տ⽫ѩһƷ˺˲䣬ϯȻձס

ѩ£ܹиܵΪһտǿԸ

ǣ͸򽣳ݣ

Ҳó


Ȼ䣬ѩɫѩֽڽĳκ˰벽гסǿ֧ס塣
ϣǧǧ˷ܵͺš

Ȼ䣬ѩǰѾǱտ⻪ĳصɽչС
տת˲նƬɽϯ㸲

Լ֮Уеϵ㲻óģôܹ֮

Ӱ

ѩԭһ⽻֯ŷ׷ѩ⣬ȻնգǵȻֹչϢ

ʲô
ǵɢˣѩǰĺҡ⣬ؿȳѪ

ʮǰµöҩҩЧѹʮǰѹȥٶȸټľƣڴ˿һͬ
ѩȥʶһ˲ǰǵӰߴ
ڤڤ֮УʧʲôΪҪĶ㡣

ѩ󱻸ƵĴ͹⻪ͳغڴ˵Ľѩ⾪һȥС

硣

ѩĽѩΪŵʱ̫С
̫״߹佫һ̫ˡ

ĺҡ⻺ɽ̨޳ԼĽ
֪ںʱԺϵͳǵ̶ľƽϢȥ

ڸ̨ϵıһ˲ĻȻ
ѳ߾̡
һΣϵͳȻ׾ͷ






30.  ʮ   ҡСѲؾ񣬻򡭡


Ƶġ
ĺҡ̨֮ϵı, һ֦߹ԵĻΪ黨ЩƣͬǾӨ͸
Ű, ÿһ껨п¼һһƬ, ԢΪá
ֻҪԣ֮ʢ

ĺҡӼѰй, ֣еȡ˳ָ⴦ӿһ, һƬϡ
տ⻪һ, ̽ʶʱ, ĺҡ㷢Ѿ˿̻¼

һָ߼Ӱʯ
ĺҡе, һŻС
л䲻Ҫ
뵽˸øлĶˡ

Ƶĺҡ⴫ͻؽ̨, һ֣㱻ˢˢĿס
ĺҡƽλô

δ䣬Ԫ㳡ϴһ춯, ǽⱩһ㣬ڰбŷ貽⡣
ĺҡͷȥ, 貽ⲻϱù, ̨Ϸճ֡ҡ, µõһ

ĺҡ״, ۽̲סһ, ͻȻһֲ̫ԤСԪ㳡뺰ҡҡ, µõһ
ҡҡ, ˫

УԽǴɤΪͻ

ĺҡ뵽ǰض˵Ƿݡش񡱣òɣ

Ⱥг̨ϼػ˻, ĺĺ㣡ʷǿŵӣ
˵գƺòңָԼĺ˲٣쳹

ԣһǳ뺰ҡҡ⣬˫
һҪĺҡñο˴ȵһ˵ơ

쿼˴ȣڿ˴ȿʼ֮ǰҶ֪Щӻ洫֮λ
ڱ쿼˴ȿʼ֮ǰ˭뵽һŵӾȻܹԽսɹߵ˿˴󣬲ͷ

쿼˴ȣ飬޾ϲ
һ쿼˴ȣ̨Կʼ֮ǰҶĺҡԽսĸԼʼսʱ˴ȵһĺҡ̫뾪ϲ

⾪ϲȴ֮С
һôֵĻҺĵӣôܲõһ
һ顢Ӳиĵӣôܲõһ

˭˵ĺҡⲻӦöõһ
ĺҡõһӦ

Ԫ㳡ϣƺǳɵһߺ
һʱ䣬ŷԪ㳡֮ϣ˴Եģڴ˿̴˿ǰĺг档

ĺҡ״ȺɼֵĽ䴽Ц¡

þû˳ˣȫÿõһĹ͡һλɷǵİ׷΢Ц߳ĺҡ
Լһ׳룬ǳڴƵĹ͡

ĺҡ⣬㿴ȺкǾǳĵӣģɡЦе

ĺҡ⳯ǰߣҲǳĵҲ֪֪ǳλսΪ

ǳһӣĺҡģεĵӣǳϻк֪ܶ࣬ûС
ĺҡ⿴һڴǳ»

ֻûǳѻ˵꣬һϮڳ۵̷һݼ䳶һĨЦı飬ĺҡģ֪λǳһͷ׷ô𣿡

ǳǳ֮Уҹ˯ҹߵͷͷˡ

ǳû˵꣬ͱ̷˵ɵôӵ۵òҪͷأҲ곤ѡ

̷Ƴǳƣ֤ǳҹߵŵͬȴʦͽ

ⲻǡǳƽ޹ռ˸
һӾ͸ᱲˡ
ĺҡԣʶ£ŬЦ

̷һ˵꣬ʶԼղ˵Щʲô齩ס

ʲôһͷӣһ֣˼ҺúһŮޣҪΪΪʦһţ˸ֵ
ɣ㽫ʦָһչˣ߶ɺΪͬһ㣬ɼԱ߽

壬δ֮ʦ֣ɽлԺߡȻʦƤԼͽ

δѡ񡭡

塭

롭

һʱ䣬ȴѩĽѩͻ̫̫֮⣬ŷ֮ĺҡͶ롣
ԭĺҡӿ˴ȿʼ֮ʱո¶âεͷ̫ྪϲˡ

ʮǰĸһҲǵõ˾ŷ֮롣
һղѡɼ塣

ĺҡͬѡ
áŷеһ

ĺҡⴹ
һΪ⡱Ǹ洫ӣھŷжһʱ䡣
ŷиطô˴֮ɢ̫ȴƺҪġ

˺ˡ
ʱҶĺҡδ񣬳ΧΪ洫֮󣬶һµѡʱ䡣

ʦѡ츳Ը񶼺ʵͽܣҲͽѡԼݵʦ
һ˫ѡʱ䡣

Ȼʱ򣬾洫ǲ̫ܻӵѡʦĻᡣ
ܹͬʱŷ֮еĵӣ궼һ

Ҷ˼ˣ뵽ĸһɵп
Ҳֻн꣬ңǳ˸һֳ˸ӵǵĺҡ⡣
СƺҲ̫ǿΪ˴˴αԣǿзѹƵĵҩ

ҡСѲؾ񣬻õѡ񣬲ؼһʱҶºͳ

һŷ֮뽫ĿƳ
ǽע⵽ҶеġҡСѡ֣ﲻԼֱͬһǺòҪ
Ϊ˽ĺҡ΢壬ȻԽεĽֶ£ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡȻ

ʮֱƶĿ⣬Ҷ治ɫļĺҡεͷҵһҪ󣬵ģᾡ㡣

ǰ˵еӰεͷִšرĳһλΪʦ˲ͽˡĿܣҪŷ֮еһλΪͽ

ڱŷȷĺҡ˵ƺҪҪ˷Ѵˡ

ĺҡⴹƬ̣Żžŷ羰иĶ֮ҿѡȥιһ𣿡

һŷĿһǼǧ궼ûƵģͷȻԣ
Ŀģľʹ˳/̷//ҩ/Ҳӭιۡ

̷ȿڵ̷йѺɽʮ⡢´֮ˣǸɷ̷ǧ̷ֶ֮£ԸĹ¡ϴĸ棬ˡ
ĳɾ͸УԵĵطûеġ̷̷ӭ㡣

ҷ֪ɣеʹõķҷ֣֮ҶŮÿҪҷϼǧŷӶ֪ҷķǶôá

ҵҩѵͲ

ֻ뽫ŷ羰¼͸лĺҡԣ΢£ȻλǰҵȻԸǰιۡ






31.  ʮһ   ⽣


ڵľŴ, иؾ¡
ǳӦĺҹ֮ʱǰڸ̨һҹĻǳ
ɽ֮, ɼٶ, ÿգԻ
, ΢塢̫塢塢ȽԸи֮

˴ȽҶǵӽʮղμ̨, ƣ, õա
ĺҡ򿼺˴һս, ߵδ, еʶ
գ, Լǰŷ塣

ĺҡȵģΪŷ֮һ壬佣, üΪĥԣȹ֮Ч
ǽ½, ֵһ, λھŷʱʿ

Ե, λ罣, Ҳ̵ķ
ʿԪ, ڵһپʮŽ׽𵤣ʿԪ, ڵİپʮԪӤֱǰЩԪٶȽʱ, λһ״ˡ

˿ţż
λ츳ߣôһ̵ģ
µӶѧλ̵ӡ

һɱġһԲϾʹܵĽ, ̵Ļ綼Ѿ⡣
޶ԸͬĵӴܡ

ĺʦá
ϣһλʦֻз羰õĵطˡ

壬ͱһն⻪
峿عһ˲Ӳӹ⻪˸ƽӳ֮

ĺҡ̧ȥеóָտӹſ˿徰¿¼һƬС

λʦĺҡеգۣһųĺʦãÿ
ĺҡ¼һ£䴽ЦллҲܺÿ

ֱ뿪壬λӴĺҡʦڲ̵ĺʦãҲϡǵɣ࿼ǿ壬㽫ӵһȺõʦʦǡ

λʦ֣ղ˵ġϷ壬԰ɣ
ĺҡԣ˺һסЦ⡣ԳΪڡϷ塱µƽͣ»̣ȫȻһȺ˵ɾ͸ɵĽޡ

⣬͵šˡ١ߵӷ𱼹ϻĺʦϾȻ˰գĺʦýջȥιء

µӣµȫȻ෴һһͬļˡ
ʱĺҡܹܵͷȫȻͬĻ硣
¼壬мܴǾǳڵһλȺޡ

ͬģҲӣµӾһȺֻ֪ܵҰˡ

ĺɫĺϡҹɫ֮ʱĺҡǳ塣
ӴģȻԵܽʦ֡

ĺĺ㣡һһſǼصĺ㣬
һԣӴͳ򱦸鿨ĺҡУĺ㣬ο˴ϣѹͷ׬⣡

ǰĺ˵ʯټ忪ʯʯˣ
ʱ˿̣Ϊ½洫ȴɻǸƵĺҡ֣Ľļ磬ССǮ;Ǯ;

˿佱ɵø˷ܣĺҡ⽫ǳ¹˺üȦǳбĵӶ̲סĿעӣǲʲôĿˣֹס˷ܡ
ǳ岻Ϊɡ壬һҹĻʱ³ϯĽĵӱ

ֱҹ˫ۣԾȡ
ǰǰҲǡɡˡɡ꣬κβסĺҡѾǳ¹˺ü飬˼Ҳ᲻Ǹˡ

ðΣƺʶһ㣬Ǹĺ㣬Ҷ㻹ûӦǳճȥ
ĺҡͷӦá

ڶսŲι۾ŷе塢·翷塣
ĺҡϸһ룬ֳ֮⣬߷ĻҲ̫
ǳǸҹɡĵطۼһȺЧƽֻ¶Ľˣ·塭
·Ҳͬǳһ㣬ǡҹϢķ·£Բ֮ҹض

ʱԼǰĺҡЩȷ룺Ӧ˰ɡ
ŷ֮Уֻʣ̫졢΢δȥ
塭

ĺҡ̫ǰʱƬ֣ɫӹһ˿֮ɫ

ĺʦã̫ʦĺҡ˼ĺҡƬ֣͵ĺʦҲ˵ǰЩħ̫֮°ɣ

ĺʦòصģǷѾǿ˶̫ܱߵķһκһ̫帽ĵٳ顣̫ʦ
ĺҡ̫Уĺҡ̫塣

̫ʦȰ˵ĺʦãҲ֪ǷǾŷ֮ΨһŮޣԴǿ϶ҲǼõġ̫壬ȻǲԿġ

˿̣̫һСԺУĽѩڳ£ʱʱյķţʹд˼ֵ֮ɫ

˵ˣĺҡҲÿЩ˰ɣͬʦվһȫѹʽĶԱȡ
Ҳ֪Щô۵ģȻȡ˸ƿˡĳƺš
˵Ȼ˰

ĽѩԺ߹ĵ̸ĺҡ⣬æܳԺ⣬סǼλʦ㣬ʵǸղ˵ĺҡ𣿡

һλʦعͷĽѩ⣬ͷǰλĺʦ̫ιۡ
Ľѩԣָ߬£ʵڻ̫𣿡
ʦ㲻ȷʦѾλĺʦ뿪˰ɣ

Ľѩ˼Ƭ̣ǰλʦлתȥ̫СʱѾĺҡ
æתһԵֵصӣĺҡǲѾ뿪ˣ
ֵصӵͷԣ߲á

Ľѩæ׷ȥ·ֲͣ˽ŲдЩã֮ɫ
ȥһأ

عĻ֮£λһƬ
֮һѶʧĽѩȻ˼
Ѷ죬鿴ѶеݺݼһĨϲɫ
ˡ

ĽѩϻСԺʱѩͬ˽̸͸żֲ

硣
ĽѩⱼڣѾѩɫɲ԰ףɵúۿ

ѩ΢ֹӰ£ſĽѩ⣬Ϊһܿ

Ľѩڴ齱ϣĿѩƽѩԣ΢£Żæ͵ǵģ磬һֱġ
ǡĺҡ̫ˣѯһЩ飬Բʱ׷˳ȥ

ѩƽʵʳ𣿡
ĽѩԣʹüۣЩʧûУ׷ȥʱѾҲˡ

ȿȡѩ̲סͷԭѾָЩѪɫĴٶȱò԰ס
Ľѩ״æַѩ󣬵Ǻ磬⼸㻹ȺúϢɣٶˡ

ѩĽѩ⣬סֱۣƽ֪˳ҲΪա

˴ȡ

Ľѩɫ΢٣ݼӿϸǸ⣬Ҳá
ô㣿

Ҳã󡭡ҾΪաĽѩҡҡͷѩĿᶨ

ѩ֮£ƻָ֮ٴӳ顣ĺҡѩܸýΪβϵԵŪ˵ѩ

㣬ʧ洫֮λô죿

Ľѩԣʱסȥȴδ

Ҳ֪



ĺʦͬʦùϵ֮ãձ΢塣΢ʦ͵ǰҲ֪ʦôˣʲô̼Ƶģ˴һ΢壬չȥˡ

ĺҡԣüҶѩ󼸽ƽĹ뽣⣬ĵòܵشˣ

˼ˣĺҡ΢ЦҶʦñչһδϲҲ洫֮λء
գһѶҶ˹ȥҶ洫֮λ˳һһʯծ

һУĺҡЦŽ͵ѾѶҶʦ㹧أصҶʦأһʱյҴȥѶ

΢ʦ״ɵøпĺʦã⻹ǵһμʦ׽ĺѡʦЩݣƽûٵܵġ
ĺҡԣգۣЦ

΢ɽе΢ʦ
ĺҡһ΢ʦ߹͵ղ֪ͨң˵ĺʦ΢壬һ㡣

΢ʦ㽫˴Ҷй󣬱뿪˵С
ĺҡ⿴һϮƽ۵Ҷִ

ҶתԾɸֶҡСѾι۹ŷ֮кüˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҿֻʣһδȥ

⼸ոΣҶʵ
ĺҡһɡ

һ˲ĳɱҶƽغ£лֱ˵
ĺҡ̹ϵҾáŷиĿȡ֮ȴ̫ɢڲг

ҶͷͬڽڵĴǰʲôŷ壬ʱֻһ壬Ϊ̫Ϸ塣
ڣ̫һΪ𡣡

ĺҡⲻɵƲľŷ̫ϷѶ

꽣ԶҪʢֻɽ硭йһʣ̫Ϸѳľŷ塣Ҷ͵

ĺҡԣȻ
ڡ·ԭУδἰڹȥ֮£ȻἰڷѾŷʷ

ҡСѿȥһУ
δáĺҡʵ

տ˴ϣҹҡСѿǣҶĺҡ⣬ʵ
ĺҡȻԼѾ֪һʣֻĬĽĳȡ˳

鷺貶Ĺ⻪׹ĺҡгϣտ⡣
ĳ֮ʱиеĳ΢΢һ⸴һ˲

֮Ҷֻһۣٴο϶ҡСѿΪԼıȡһ֡

ԹޣԼıȡһԼ֡

ĺҡ΢
⼸æŲι۾ŷ壬ŷ徰¿¼УԼûиԼıȡ

ȡ
ĺҡᴹ⣬ֻԼһ˵ıָ

һĽѩӱѩԭڳǣȡΪ߱ħ

߱ħôأ
ĺҡȻ˵һ߱ǰǵ⡣

׹ƺ繡
δĽ⣬ҫۡ

⡣ĺҡҵıΪ⡣

⽣

䣬⽣΢΢ƺΪԼӵһֶȸԾ

ĺҡ䴽

⽣Ҷ߶һ飬ͷǸ֡
ҡСѼȻ֪ǵĺ壬Ҳ֪ʺϳΪһޡ

ɽУڷֱΪʥʥء
½ޣ뽣С

Ҷ΢٣Ŀĺҡ⣬ҡСʱ޷񣬸ðһ壬иõƼ
ĺҡ²΢𣿡

Ϊ΢Ҷԣȴҡҡͷ͵ʵҽڣ˾ŷ֮⣬һλһЩԵɶСʦ档

ҡСѲǾþŷԵĽ̫ɢͳһ𣿡
ҵСʦ棬λСʦʲôᣬʲôܽ㡣

ĺҡԣգۡ
ڡ·ԭ棬һɶû˵ڻһλСʦš

˵Ҷɵпһ䣺ҺáҺʱֵģʮꡭ

ĺҡ׼ȷץסҶ˵ֵۣʲôʱ֣ʲôɣҶΪʲô˵ʮͲˣ

ڡ·ԭУΪ¹ʶʮ֮á
ȵʮ֮󣬽ڶʵʿ˵ȫӡ
ͬʱֱر

ҶղᵽλСʦ桭
ĺҡ⻰΢٣ƺ뵽Щʲôɳðһ𣿡

Ҷĺҡ⣬ʾ

ʮǰУʮͲˡ
λСʦʲôʰɣ

ʲôı޷Խʱء

ĺҡ뵽һֿܣһֱȽί˵λСʦǲȽϴˣ

󵽡Ԫֻʮ겻ˣ

֮⣬ĺҡҲ벻ܹԤ֪ıʿˡ






32.  ʮ   ½ĵһ˰


Ҷ, ȴɫ£ҡҡͷҡСѿɱô²⣬ҲδλСʦ, ֪Сʦľ

ֻǵСʦ뿪ǰ, һԣ, ȥѰʱΪꡣ

ĺҡʱ, ֻʣʮˣ

ȻҶⷬ, ɲ֪Ϊ, ĺҡɾЩ֡
λСʦôֵԼһʱ, ʮ֮ʱһͲ׼ɵȥˣ

һ, ھŷ֮ʮȻȫûʵĵἰλСʦ档
ֻƬﶼûС
ǡĪ

ҶӦ͵ҡСʣλСʦΪͬһʡСʦ, Ϊʡ

ҡСѰСʦ棬ȻǺõ, ûѰСʦ, ٰҵΪʦ, ҲΪʱ
ҶĸԸ˵, ȫȻûнԼһΪ˰ʦĵڶѡ·ϼƽϡ

ĺҡ״, λСʦӺ档
ôһ, ŻҶĴʿҲԸ۷
˼Ƭ, ӦҸȥѰλСʦ棿뿪ǰʲôָ𣿡

ҶӴռ֣ȡСʦ浱, 佻ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡӹţδκֽ֮䡣

۰ɣ
֤λСʦһ壬֪ڵӵݡ

ҶƼĺҡ⽫ǿ䵱ѹȹôƤɵһæҡСѣдСʦһ⣬мϧ

ĺҡȻλСʦ棬ͻиһЩӦİɡ
գۣ뵽еĽ⣬ֳʵ̽ʶȥ̽һ𣿡

ȻУҶûô󵨵ĵӣæֹҡСѣΪﵽСʦľ磬óȻ̽ᵼʶġ

֪ˡ
ĺҡ˼΢¡

λСʦ忹϶һǡδʱĳЩĻ֮ˣпӳڵҹʱɱħħ¥硣
ʱ򣬽嶪ȥ񲻾

˼ˣĺҡ뵽һ⣬ʵҽϵӦûʲôɣλСʦɽûʲô֮ģ
Уϵ壬һ顰ӡ

ҶԣЩЦã͵СʦͬʱˡѾˡ

ͷˡ
ĺҡͷִл㡣

ҡСѿ洫ʽ㡣Ҷѵڵ洫ӿɲֻǸ򵥵ݶѣջླڵǡ

˵գҶĿĺҡ뿪УջʱЩп

Ѿ̫ǵԼΪ洫ʱĸˣȴǵøճΪ洫һգδСʦڽڣ洫ʽΪһ洫ڽ

ʱֵǰ㿡ͦεӰڽ񣬻ûӾ˵˳Сʦ棬δûпܹﵽڽɾͣ

һԣ֮ԵĵӽǷЦ롣
Сʦ桭

һϮ򵥰µ˴ÿüۼ£ȾϼЦ⣬вδоȻͷֻҪ룬пܡ

Ǻܾ֮󣬾õ˼֪СʦʱԷɻΪ֮ʱ֪ԼһǶôġ
ҪﵽСʦĳɾͣΪ
½ĵһ˰ܴﵽɾͣ



ĺҡ뿪΢塣
ϵǣӭģȻǷȻ洫ӡ

ŷ壬ȴ΢ϼҶһ֮⣬ʣ£ģǸ洫ӡڽڣ洫ƽӰæСææ

Ȼǲġ

ڽ¹ϣҷȻȫһԲĺҡ̲סɻʦ֣
Ȼü

ʦֲ׼ܽ壿ĺҡʵ

ǣûʲôýܵġ
ȻԹˣ룬ȫȻԼʦҹ⽫߶߶ҹһҪ˵󣬲ſϷ뿪Ϣ
˼ˣɵûһתҹԼʦලⱳĽܴʸһ顣

ĺҡȻȫǱڽ壬۽̲סһ顣
ߴƺ翣΢ϰϰִӴռȡָ֧¼´˿徰¡

ȻƼĺҡеԼ͡ĺ黨ɵóȻ洫ӣһԺضμƶؾ֮ʱҵԼ

ĺҡ⽫¼ɵСպãŻ֮УתȻӦʦַİɣҶأ

뵽ӡķĺҡ̲סһǰֻС׷ɱħҲݡ
΢ʵʦ֣ƽǳ𣿡

Ȼԣĺҡ⣬ǵǺǣأ

ƼȻһֳקĴүģĺҡԼԵóˡֻС˾Ǽǳ
ǳúܡ
Ϊ˸𣬲ϧ׷ɱ
ûʲô顣

׼Ҫ͸л䵱ĺҡ׼յġŷ塱֮ãִȻǡ

ȻԭתߣĿĺҡһ䣬Сǰֹס˽Ų
˼Ƭֽ̣סĺҡ⣬ڵ洫ڽ֮ЩһҪһ鷳

ĺҡԣȻ
Ȼ˵Щһ޷Ǿ洫ӡ

֮Уŷ˴֮нãҲзͬģ洫ڲ漰Դ⣬ȻҲиַ

洫ڽЩһ鷳޷ǾǡˡҪġ֪ߵغ񡱵һЩѵҪЩˡúÿ洫ӵĵϣ˭ϴ

ڶΪȴֹ
Ͼод̼Żѹ붯
֮ͬУҶ츳ƾʲô˾ͱÿ졢սߣ
ȻΪ˸Ŭ
ҪȻ洫УΪγÿһޣܳΪɽеһܣ

ĺҡ´ЩʦҲҪ鷳֮һ

ȻǰݼιޣԼ˫γʱȾϵĺ棬ʶҲᡣ
΢٣ӦЦǺǣûЩһôС

£Ȼƺøٶ˵Щʲôֳ鷳

ĺҡҡͷϵʲôû롣
ЩһҪ

Ǵܣ
߲ܣ

һΪ̫ˡȻüͷһ壬´ǣԼã洫ǰʮ˶֣ʮһģ¼ǸʲôˣΪԪӤڡ

ǵУ˭ù

ĺҡ΢Цʦѵˣһ洫ӵУԽսɹ˰
һתлʦָṩ鱨

ЩʦʦǺúõġաһȫԸ

Ͼ
һ洫Умʡ͵ĵأ






33.  ʮ   л˼ˣ


Զɽ, 䣬Բǽפء
ĺбǽڵӽһйϢ֮ա
ÿʱ, ǽפɽ³ǳΪֵʱ

һݺύ, ĺɫб˼, ʹԶ߷Ѥ
ߵʹݽҲʡ

ĺҡڽϣµĺַ
ʱǳȺ֮ʱ
ڳйһ, ߵ򱦸ڽڿķָǰ

򱦸ڳǳķ֮, ¥
¥, Ե, Ϳʣҫ, ǳ⻪

򱦸󲻽ɽеġǮׯɽԴ
ǵҩǷ鱦, Ǵ̽ϢǳǮ, 򱦸Ľ׷ΧڵƷ

ʱ, ҹɫ, Ƶڴ
򱦸Ѿ, ʿ, ò̤֡򱦸, һʯ̾͵ıֱС·, ߲ŻȻ

ĺҡ߽ŷ򱦸ڿ
һ߽򱦸УǰѯʵλҪЩʲôѯ, Ϊָ򡣡

ĺҡԣƬ̣ųϢףȥδ
λһĺҡһϡ

һŷϽԹһ߽ܳƿֻҪڷдҪϢҪ󣬱зֱ棬ҪõϢͻ

ĺҡл󣬲һ˵Ŀշ䡣ƿţڽһһֽīѡ
ǰ£˼Ƭ̣ڿհֽҳд¼֡
ƶؾ

ƶؾһӶһʱѯƶؾ˽϶Եʣīȳɵһ˲ֽҳϱ˶
ֽҳԼ󷨹⻪һīӿ۳ī֣ƶؾйصļ𶼴˹

ĺҡⴹֽҳϵϢɨһߣμ
֪ƶؾйصϢһϵͳ͸¶һǰϢ̫ͬ

·ԭУʮľ鲻Ͳ̵һ
ĽѩŵӴĺҡϢ˶ĺҡʮʮ꣬һ쿼˴ϴɣεͷճΪһ洫ӡ

ƶؾĿһʧʮ֮¡
һϵͳ͸¶ƶؾйصľȻƶؾѰ֮ؾеʥ

ʥҪһˮϵͬʿʲô
ĺҡⲻ⣬˼Ƭ̺Էȥ롣

ָԾɼűʣĺҡⴹĿ⣬䵽ֽҳϣҶ΢˵Ļٶձдһ´ʡ

̫Ϸ塣

һΣֽҳתú󣬲ĸֳһ仰
̫Ϸ壬ǽ壬ǰֱ

̫ϷϢأ
Ϊλֱأ

ĺҡⶢ̶ʮ߸ֿ˺һƺЩš
򱦸ôɽռϢĴȻҲֻռôϢ

̶ĺҡдЩ֪ĺߵϢղ̫ڰݡ
ڴʱˣ֪ͬϢһˣͻᱻ֮˲

뿪ǰĺҡ⽫Ӧʯϣʱʾ⡣

֮ʱϷõǲʯ󷨴ͺʧ

ĺҡ߳ȣ򱦸˹䡣
ʯ޿Ǯ⽣ˡ

λƣ򱦸һλʦרΪķΪ
򱦸һĺҡһޡһһλܹ򱦸Ľޣ֮ǰࡣ

ɽУ˭֪Ⱥƽ棬Ҳֻнڸ峤ϡԼ洫ӲʯĽأ
˭֪ȺӽԼıȶԼãԸԼĳԴöϽʡ
ίԼҲҪίԼġ

򱦸΢Цλˣıʹˡϲ϶һ¥ġ

ʱı޼䣬λߵЦԽãֻҪžŰˣֻҪŰپʮ˿ʯͿԽ˶ƺõġؼҡ

Űپʮ˿ʯʱĺҡɵĳĬˡ
֮һԼڵ֪һʯ򡯵һ𣿡

򱦸ԣƺͲĺҡ˵֮ԣЦųλ˵Цأÿгϳֵÿһɽ۸ڰʯ֮ϡ
һ⻰޿ĺҡⲻɵգգۣ˵ġģ

԰򱦸ߵͷЦֲŵλ˾ͱ˵Цˡ

ĺҡ򱦸еġĬȻ
Ȼ԰˰ٰʮ˿ʯⱾڵѧ󣬻⽣һ




⽣óһ˲ĺҡָ΢ɿĽ黪סʩ˵

գĺҡǷ߳ȥġ
ȷˣɶ˵á
䱾ԼܸͨܵģҲܸܵһ


ıݸӦ͸ǿЩ
ʩ⽣ϣڸ˴ˬٷɼȦİĦ

ѹֽ޶ԼıƵģģ˭
ƣ
󡭡ҲҪ⽣ã˭Ҳ

ҹ紵ĺҡ˼Щ
ҹɫ١ֵǣɫӳ
䣬СߺͯϷһ׺쳾

ڴʱһ۵ͯĺҡλ㣬͸Ļ

ĺҡתһǱСŮԼ߰ꡣ
΢ĿСŮ߳ƽСŮε֧ºͳʵã˭͹ģ

СŮ״ɣһ˫۾ֶָָ¥дһɫӰڴߵͻġ

ĺҡԣȥһۣջĿ⣬ȥСŮԴƽ⻨ôģ
ʮһ֧СŮɴ

ɽУһΪһöʯ
ʮһ֧

ĺҡ⿴СŮĻ֦ӴȡöʯСŮĻȫ
ǰСŮ˻ЩؼҰɡ
СŮӹʯæлСȥ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ȥ·СһеĻϵһŽװУת߽򱦸ԵһСꡣ
̣ȫȻûȥֵ¥ڴߵˡ

С򱦸˵ͼΪªˡС򱦸һȲϡ
ĺҡƼ̨ſŸڴ˯ƹ߹ȥָڹ̨ãƹģһȥ

ðΣƹתѣʶԾЩԺʵʲô͸ȥģ͸˭ģ˭
л䡣ĺҡ

ƹһл䡱֣ѻĿĺҡ⣬ʵĸлĸ䣿

ĺҡ΢ƽ͸ұλӵģл䡣
ʮлǰ˴ҵ꿪򱦸Աߣ̫עĿҲȫҲ

ƹĺҡ⣬̽ԵĿڵǣ
ĺҡóУָһƣƹȥֻ㽫͸л䣬Ȼ֪˭

ƹǰŮ˵ɵø֣
л˭
лħʮħ֮һħһ峤ͬʱҲλĪҡֵӵ°

λҡ˿ħ֮һߣ׼ݣħڶûʵݡ
ħ²⣬ֻħл˲żҡ˵ʵݡ

ƽôħҪл͸ָΪлУǰ˾Ȼ˿϶͵лϣ
еĶѵЩĵرҪϡ٣
Ͳл˿һۣͷԸ½ж

Ŷˣ͵ʱ򣬾ͱ¥ȥ͡ĺҡѵ

ħ¥硣
ĺҡѣֻΪͨУ¥뵽δɽ¡
ϾħǼ꣬лҲֻϵá

ƹǰŮֱħɵøӽʶ̽ͼǰ˵Ϊ

ĺҡ⵭ƳƹĿƽʶ̽ն̽ʶ
ƹջʶѾð亹ŷԼ˵ݡ
ʲôǰŮӵסֻƼһƬʵ

һƬصУƹԽǰΪء

ֻʵݡ
ʶֱĪ⣡

ĺҡͷƹļĿѯʳһ˶л䣬ҪʯǶħ飿

ħɽķչôһЩΪֹҲһһŵħ飬δʼʹħʯħ֮ߵļֵ׼
ϸһ룬ħУÿϽʱҪǧħţͦ𺳡ġ

ƹɵ˼
Խ˼Խɲ⡣
ĺҡͶҪҪǮֱĨȥϵ亹ӦȻˡ

ǰ˿ǸлͶʮֿ϶лһеİ
ôշѣ

ĺҡԣЩĳʵƽ᲻᲻̫ã
лСƹæشÿŻҡ

Ҳã
ĺҡԣüңл佫̿ڴ˴ֱⱾⰡ

Ƹ򱦸ͬɽħ磬ߵⶼҪ򱦸ĹģѾ鲼ɽ磬ħСǳӿꡣ

ƹǰ˳Ĭɣش̫׵
뵽æֳȵżҲܽ嵽˵ɡ

ĺҡ⿪ʵ꣬ˣ
ƹûأһжģԼʮɡ

ĺҡԣɫŹ˲٣һл뿪ħڽҵգ˵¡

ƹԶԶԣš

л˼ˣԵӡûӡ
ĺҡĬȻ˵Լе˲ֱ

˵лͻһѻл䣬Ӧûʲôëġ
л






34.  ʮ   ϲƿصˡ


ĺҡָ΢, ˼Ƭ̣ȥ˵, һĨտӿ֡
һѶӡ֮, ٽнƹ

ƹ˫֣СĽн˹, ֣صλˣ, ػὫ͵
˵, ǲ˲Լϵĺ, Щѹ
̨洫Щ΢춯

ĺҡ, ̨һƬӰ΢΢ζβӰѵβ¶ˡ

ƹһ, ˺һ󾢶ŽԼβ͸ȥ
ӭĺҡƽĿ, ڨڨǸ̫ˡ

ĺҡ䴽Ц, ڵʲôֻҪɽʲôĻ, Ҳô
ȻϾ, лӡһҪ, ԰ɣ

ĺҡͷ, ƺںƹѯʡ

ƹ, һЩе˼˲Ϩ, Ŀ뿪СĲԼǴ亹
Բע֮£زסβ˳

, ƹԽһأתص̨棬Ź̨ϵУĵҲǼٴСħˣôһŮӣ˺أ

϶ŮӵԵʣ̫ˡ
˼Ƭ̺ƹó˽ۣŽС׼ٶȽ͵лС

һߣŻһСħĺҡڽϣ΢ůƻ⻪һϮȹȾɫ

л֪ӣԲôһħº޺Сħפڴˡ

ħʮħĳԱӡڴˣ˵ַҲ˵ʮħ֮ħڴˣǾԲӲܵģὫ˵Ծ󻼡

лڲߵλϣ¡
ŭȴǰˢŴڸУͷ޿κΡ

˼ˣĺҡֱǣᴹ
ҹϰϰ½Ƿ翣ͬҹɫ΢µȡ

ĺҡһսǴ˳Źս߽СС
˴ǳƧ֮Ҳעһ·

һĺҡȻͣ½Ų
ڱϹڵķ΢⽣
һտɨĺҡͬʱת۽ƳһɫѸȥ



򱦸Уó⽣һ˲⽣һͬģһ
ܵ⽣Ӱ죬ǣЯĳһ˲
Ȼһ˲ķӦܿ챻˳ѹȥȴѾ֪

ĺҡ̧Ŀ⿴СһǵɫӰ˱⧲ʹĽɨ׼֮£Ƶκ
λµĽὣǵʹĽɢ΢¡

ĺҡ⽣ƽڽפڣȻҲ˻˼Ǵβв֮£

ƺЦһӰ߳
ģһɫۣһΪ

һϮ£ϵһԼָƷ˿˿ƵĹ⻪
ɫ˵̫ѹƲסɫѡ

ĺҡȴǡ֪ڡ·һˣ£ȴ˿˾òʣ˾͸ɫɰ㡣

ĺҡ̧òʱȻ£һָͷ
ᰡ

ᰡ
һԭбȽϡر𡱵䡣
òȴлһһȥܱƻò֪һжߣȴ̲סУ޷԰Σ鶾Ƶġ

ȫڹ˺νԽĶԽпж
ڡ·ԭУ᰷ԣš򻨴йƬҶմԭŪСĸ顣
ڵõЩСһŷĺȴۣĽȫȻСһŷıˤ÷顣

ִһᰣһûаϴ׿ܵС
׵һ

վķչС׻С
ĽѩԽᰲмһˣֻǱһ̬ȵ᰾Խ𾢡ԽԵõĽѩƶᡣ

˴֮ԸŮĽѩϡ

ֵһǣ᰾ȻҶ׵δ
ͬΪĴ֮һҶ¼ס᰺ҶһСлԼ

ǰɡ
ԭҶһӾȻñԼÿҲƲҶ⸱ݴСģ
˶ǸģȫԼûôһδ/δš

һ׷ԶлšԶʦ֡Զʦ֡ȥģһǻעòӦ
һڵСȥѧ齣ԵĽѩעŮˡ

ˡҲ֪Ҷң᰸ң

ĺҡ£иǾҶһЩ
ᰣã

ĳ˵ŮĽѩҲȸ;Ů·ϣһУ

ᰣĺҡ⵹ȻἰǷ洫֮¡
Ȼ˵洫ϵʮһ¼ҵʲôţ

˼ˣĺҡ΢ĿᰣᰵΪԪӤڣ֪洫ϵǰʮ

ղǵɨȥռ˸ͻȻֵıˣᰴ֮㶡
Ҫֱԡ

ӦҲûʲô̫ɣ
ĺҡִ⽣š

ȻԻΪ洫ӵһλϣ洫ʮһΪԪӤڡ
Ҳ˵洫ǰʮĵӣΪȫԪӤϣ

һ֮󣬵ȷȻƶؾѹ͸ý׵ΪԽϾֱӽ׷飬״ҲûԶˡ

᰻߹ڴǰ֮ˡ

òޣܽޡԶɽüγۣ߻Ⱦ޶ˡ
˵һģŮӵò
ڵڶֱۡʣޣޱȡ
׵òȴʡ

Ǹˡ
˵
ȴϲˡ
ϲƿصˡ

ͲסȻȻϲ͵Ůӣ
뵽ȻųôҲ벻ǰŮͬȻϵġ

򱦸УŮ˵Լһʯ򵽹һ֮£ע֮ġ
һʯС˵ķ𣬼ֱǳ˵Ρ

ط̽αȴֵĵȷȷŮ˷ȻΪǳϢ
С˲סס͸˭һ𣬳İ֮ˡ

ôֻҪǷȻϵˣҪ
˼ˣ᰹һЦģλˡ

˵գۣԼ;˸ֲŵڽֵ¥ʱҼ£δĻ֮˸棬СŮͻΪɣ¥¸֪

ȴϹΪҲǸĻ֮ˣҲۼһλڴ˴£֮²Գ֡
˵˴̧֣Լֽ˶޵䣬仺ƽĻ֮ˡ

ллϡ
֪ʵ뷨ĺҡĿᴹ䵽ʵʵĴͽϡ
ֻҪϹһ۾ֱܷ˵Ϊǲ̤һ;֮ˡ

뽣ܽ

˼ˣĺҡգۣǸԭλѣˡ

Ц£ʾԼǴȣĺҡ⣬ѯʸȥˡ

ĺҡ⿴۱ڵɪɪͽƬ̣ʵλѾø
᰷·潨㣬ڵ罫ڳõ̷
̷̷һִ

Ƽҹɫĺҡֵôˣ̷ֵĵӦѾϢˡ

ǿս͹ȥü¼
Ŀλ֪ɷҽѶϵ

ĺҡԣźۼü
ôһӣԭأ

˵ǷҪѶĻʱһ·ĺҡ˲йؼ

ȵȣ
ʲôһĨѸٱ׽ס

ǰһĻ·ᰳС·
ȽѶٽѶС
ȹСٽһ߿

ĺҡһ˵ᰲϲĽѩǿСվȻ

»£Խȴж֮
ǰ֮ˣɻλ

ĺҡ䴽ӦȻԸġ
˵գ봹۽ѻŨ̡
᰹˹עڰӰ͸żֳ֮⡣

λѣҵѶҪպáĺҡ΢ָ⣬Լһǳɢ䡣

ʲô⣬ͨѶϵҡĺҡǰ֣ص
ðᰴӦ

ҹ˾֮ʱн󣬽ʱõѶó˺һ
ָⰴѶϣɫ΢һĨѶӳ⡣

ϣȻӵѶΪĺҡҪѯ洫ڽϵָ֣ǵѶ

λʱߵôæѯ֣·硣
ᰵɤѶд˳

Ȼ˲ûᰴҹʲô裬ں
ʶѶǸĺҡġ
һ᰷Ѷݡ

Ǻǣ
ȻЦָӣѶдһ֡ǲ硭ǳʱźɽһ棬˵Σ

ҹڷߣȻڳʱ̣ȥںɽһ۱㿴ںɽɽ쳣۵ᰡ


·磿

£磡ᰣ






35.  ʮ   Ϊ壬ʺϡ


ա
էһ˲, ĺҡУָ, ʩྻ
վ, 򷿼һеĵӷ
ֵصĵӷ洫ӡ

ѩԽ˿, Լָͬɫϵ½Ǵմ£߼΢΢ڶ, ׹, 顣

ĺҡ⻻˵ӷ, Ԫ㳡ʱ, Ѿڴ˵ȺֵصӼһϮѩȹĺҡ⣬΢, ɵÿ
īѩټüۣһĨ޵Ĵ, ԭ޵òǣ

, ֵصӲŻ, æĺʦ, , 
ֵصܹȥ, ּĺҡҾǽոĺʦõֵص, 

ĺҡͷ, Ӧá

·ϣŷеĲٵӶۼԪ㳡ϣ˿һ¡
ĺҡϸĻ, ɵתۡ
ԵֵصӼ״͵ĺʦãЩҹ﷢ںɽһ¡

ĺҡգ£ԼЩԤУȴԾʵʲô£
ֵصӵҹ֪ô£ķʦͬ¼λںɽˣһЩСĳͻ
ʱ̣λʦ־ʹǽһ춯ء

Ȼأĺҡ΢򴽣ŬЦ⣬һʵ
Ҷֵصӻҹɽʢʦֲһѷյ˰ɽͷ

ĺҡû뵽᰾Ȼô಻סеӣҹԼ˼ˣ
û뵽ȻȻյᰵԼȻԼȥһ١
ҹս˾ʡ

ʦԭΪһ洫ڽʮ˵ģҹʦͬʦִܣ֮£ȡ˷ʦΪֵĻᡣ

ֵصӸпš
ҹںɽĿ˺̡
ʦȡΪֵʸһſڳģʦ֣һ֡ˣͬᰴһܡơ

ʦֵʱȻ뽫ԭڷʦֵĻʦ֡
ÿһ洫ڽϣ߽洫ϵһĵӵΡϵһչأǲԸ⣬˳ڶ
ʦߵʸ񱻰ᣬȻ˳ڶϡ

ʦ֡

ͷϣ״һ֮½˵ʸһͬȡ÷ʦֺʦֻȥ淴ʡʡ

ĺҡ⳶´Ц󣬽ߵʸ˭ϣ
ֵصصȻ洫ϣ

ĺҡѾֵصӿе֪洫ŵڶᰣǵ˭
ʵ˭

ֵص˷ܵСʦְСʦֿһ洫ˣʮʱ䣬ѾԪӤˡ
ʱգɽĴߡ

ֵص˵գֿĺҡ⣬𣿡
ĺҡЦӦҵȻš

˵䣬ѾԪ㳡ʵǰ̨ʵǰѾ˵ڴ˴

Ҷվ̨ϣĿɨţѰԶ
Ŀһת̨ĺҡ⣬ɫ΢˲뵽ԼһرӵǵѶǾú

ĺҡ⣡Ҷ߹΢̧°ͣʵ𣿡
ĺҡдЩɻ󣬿Ҷ

ʦ˵΢ι۹һΣôҶڵûϵ㲻ҪΪҾͲ΢壬΢Ǿŷ֮жµõˡ

ֵصվһԣĺҡⲢ֪ûѡ񣬽һ塣

Լ縺ԼҵҪֵصĿ߰ҶĺʦãʵҲģŵĴ
ĺʦ񣬾ͲóˡɽгѾõĴߣΪƽδмܡ

ҶԣЦ¡

ĺҡⴹƼԼŵǿ壬ʱת˻⣬ҶҶʦ㣬㻹ǵ̨սǰ֮䡭
ԭԾһ߰ģҶԣʱĺҡĻ֪òѡ

ȹաҶҧȹգҿ϶Լʯġ
ĺҡⴽ΢΢ЦлҶʦ˿

áл
Ҷ˵գĺҡһۣŤͷȥĿѰԶӰ

ʱӺԶų̨ϡ

Զʦ֣Ҷк

Զǰ븵һһս˴ƽ˭ҲûӮ˭һƳ˸Ƶ
̨ڼıּãŷ֮м롣

գԶӦҶ֮˵ѡ΢塣

ԶһϮѩۣнɫƣĵֱһ̲صĳ
ҶתĿĺҡһ˲ĺʦá

Զ߹ִֵҶʦá

ĺҡעԶһαܹҶľٶֻЦƽʦ֡
Ҷٶ΢̧°ͣʦѾ΢ˣĺҡ㻹û𣿡

Զԣǿĺҡ⣬ƺЩ㡣

˵ĺ棬ĺҡ䴽Ц£ֻصǻһ𣿲ż
Ҷ״Ծ߹صģû㣬ȵ󣬾ŷ֮˭ҲûΪͽ
ʱ򣬾ܴˡ

䣬̨ϴһѸݰ
ҶһɷǵĹ䳤̨ۣ֮ϡվҶִ

ҶŵӷʮˣЦݣʮ˳Ϊ洫ӵĵһա

Ҷº͵̨ϴԪ㳡
˿̨֮ϵʮܾĿġ

Ľѩ⽫ѩ˴󣬱һֱ̨ϵĬȻԺлǰҶҵἰ֮¡

ĽҼҲҽãȴĽҾħͻϮĽ¾ֻһ˳

ʱָ߬⣬Ľ±ħնɱĳ棬̲סţֻһ˳
ҽ㣬ҽĽѩͬһ˳ɢˡ
Ҳˡ

ĽұϴĽᣬ޷ѻþ飬˴洫֮λʧҶ˶٣ſǰСΪһޣԼᶨΪҪ
˼ǹأʺϳΪһޡ



Ϊ壬ʺ޵ʣûҪڽʮ֮á

ѧΪһޡֻгΪһޣҲĽ±𡣡

룬ƫִˡĽһղٵʮ꣬Ҳδܶһϯ洫֮λ

ѧ
ĽѩվԪ㳡ϣҶȴͬһҶȰ뿪ڵĻ

ʵڴţͷ˵ڣزμκοˣͿֱӳΪںĵӡ

ʺ޵
ʺ޽

Ľѩ⽩ԭˬȴ׹Ԩ㣬óǡ

ĺҡԿ˴ȵһĳɼΪһλ洫ӡ
ҶĻﴫĽѩϣȻ̧̨õǵӰиֳЩ֮ɫ

Ľôˣ
ĽѩŵӰĽѩɫ԰ף˹ʵ

Ľѩ⻺ҡҡͷ¡
ȵ׶ҶѩΪһ洫ӵڶϢҲû˼ȥתԪ㳡



ڷԼϵ˿ϹҩҲ֪Ȼʲôӣۿʼ޷ɢȥۼ
֮Ȼ˦еİɫƿ

⴫һֵصӵʦ֣һ洫ӵڽ쿪ʼˣ洫ѾȺˡ

ȻأȻҲȥˣ
ֵصᰵĻ΢£ƺҹ֮£ڵʦֺҲѾȥˡ

ԣЩ֡
Ȼϲ֣һβӦҪڽߣҹʸֻС˻쳣
û˵ڽߵĻᣬȻȻ˻ȥš

˼Ƭ̣ƿţֵصӣʵһο˴ȶ洫֮λʮУмŮӣ

ˡֵص뵽ᰵݣ͵΢Ҷʦñ֮һ

ᰶҶȫȻûȤ֣ӿֳһĨ⣬տǸŮӵݻûʵʶŮ𣿡

ֵصȻĺҡݣɵʧһ˲Żʦ֣Ůĺҡ⣬Ǳ洫ӵһ

ԣüһѹֻСҪȥߡ

ֵص뵽ſ˴һ£㽫֮¼˵˵ֲѯǷҪȥ硣

ȥȥȥôȥ
ֵصôһ˵ᰶĺҡʦԽȤˣۿܱߵ˶ôʹˡ
ѵüֻС˶ĸŮĹôܲȥոأ

һӣԺţԪ㳡ȥ
·ĳͻȻͣ˽ŲתȥƳһǷ۰½ʱ˹ȥ

λʦڴţʲô£

ĽѩⱧϥţഫ̧ͷ¶һ׵β΢΢ĺ졣

ᰴĽѩ⣬΢
˾ȻͬС˳ƣȴƫЩ
ϲƿصСˡ






36.  ʮ   ֿѣأ


Ԫ㳡, Ҷȫڵӵļ֤£Ϊʮλ½洫ӻ洫ƣֶ˵Щ, Ϊʮһ쿼˴׼

, ҶջĿ⣬, ʮλ½洫Ӵǰ
, , ſۿ

֪ǵһδñ, ⽣, гǧеǽǰźڴ˵صĽ, еɽ֮

ǽԼΪ֮ߡҶ͵б, Ҳڽһƣ档

Ϊ洫֮, ӵһν뽣ѡĽ

ĺҡ⻹ǵһΪ·, ҹ, ʧһν뽣ѡĻᡣ
һ, ⽣, Ҳδʧһλᡭ

˼, ҶѾƿ, ν뽣С
֮Уɽ䣬һ¾ɲһĳб, ҫ·


߽󣬽еĳƻӭǵĵʾһ㣬չֽơ

УʮӰ
ǰ洫ӳȴڱչصģʹ˿δڽڵģǾۼڴˣһ½洫ӡ

ĺҡ̧ȥǷȻһΪҫۡ
Ρ

ĺҡɨһ洫߳ѩ꣬΢¡
߳ѩݿ㣬״ɰļһ˫ۣƯδȥ

صڣʱϵλ꣡
ĺҡһ٣뵽Ϊʦܡ
ټԼ²λδĴ߸һ뷨ɵֻȻ֮С

һδվħǰװߣ뵱ʱͬĸһֹһ
һĽǻģԼıˣԣճɾʹ֮λ
Ҳǳ۽У˽⡣

ʱδ֮ǰɽ˽ǾøһΪһܡ
ǵһ˶븵һȣýͬܡ

ڽڴ˶ʮ꣬ǰʮ£ʮֱٿأһɡ
ƺԽߣʧԽߡ
ħϢɽ˶ʧ

ҰѽҵĻ飬ֿѣأ
һ۽֮󣬸һʵ

ʱδش
ϾѣҲʵཻ
ħ֮£һ״ˣΪɽĴʿ
һǽ壬һԶ

ĺҡλǸһѩ꣬ʧһ˲Ѹٻ
ѩƺǲĿ⣬תƼʱϳ
ǣü΢䣬ͬÿЦ¡

ʱĸһꡣ
ĺҡŴǣӦ

ƼһȥЦʱĿȫ̵ķȻָ΢ûԼе洫ָ

ҶƼȺ߳ĸһ֣Цһ

һԣǰˣ͵⽣Уÿһ洫ӶһڽǸһǱڽߣʱν뽣磬ڽ񡣡

˻һ˽Ǿ£ԼͬĿһϮµķȻ뵽һ紫Ϣ
ȻĿ⣬ƤЦⲻЦǺǣ

һڣûбĵȳУȥѰʺԼıɡ

Ϊ˽½洫ӵĻ¿۸һƺڸһıͦȤʵСʦ֣֪㵱ڽѡĽȥѰҵԼıģ

һԣ£ҵһҵıԼҵġ
ƺøһ𰸲⣬ʵǸСʦȷǱԼıġ

ҵıԼҵġһƺڻΪʳֵ㿴ıԼġ

˻һڳ洫ӲԼͬĵǣ
ҲֻиСʦֵıǳ˰ɡ
Ȼ츳ѰӻЩ̫һġ

һƺҲʶһ㣬̧ǰʮλ½洫ӣһñ֮£ʮǰ֮УӦҲӵԼˣЩһλñġ

£δñ½洫Ծ


վҷĺҡ⣺
ðΣҶʱĺҡ΢´֯ŴǣڵҵıԼġ


ڶĺҡشĵӲɵҲɻ
𰸲ȸСʦǸԼıĻҪһЩ

ĺҡ⿴ɫͷģû˵١

ǡǣһ΢ԼЩڲпгһμ

һʱ䣬Ӳøɻ
ҶһֱһԲֱ˿̣̲סˣγƽȥЩ飬ֻ֪ܴܴܡ
˵գҶתתĿ⣬ص㿴һϮµķȻ͸մᰡ

ᰱס治ɫЦǸ·һЩ飬һ

ҶεջĿ⣬͵ʱһ֮ĸоΪܸ֪ͨ뷨Ҫ⡣

ĳ˵һڱ˵ȷġ
Ҷ˵գλδӵб洫ӣȥѡɡ

ֵʱһȴһֱĺҡ⣬һڵǿԣͬ۽

У
аСʦ֡
Ȼ洫ӲԼͬ

洫ǰСԸһСʦ֣ѵǴԼõģǰʮְܳСʦֵعء

Ȼһ۽ôң֪۸ĵӣ

ͬȻһܵ᰼״ĴչСˣô˺ģ۲۸ĵҲҪܣƽô˺أ

ǺǣȻתŽˮᰣǳǻһΣҴɷ㵽ס

һĿתؿĺҡ⣬ȫȻ˷Ȼ֮ԡ
ֻнýˡ

ƽ洫ǰѵϡû뵽ڴˣȴԣ˾ʡ
ٲȻѾΧȺڵһ洫ӣ˿̽ǽζĿǰ档

Īĳִ˵޳ĺҡԼЩ̫ԡ
һҲˣֻнֻн

ɷȻᰣһֻСһ˵ģԡ
ѵܴˣ
һΣ

һĻش
һ۽ʱĳΪֹ¡
ĺҡƬ̧̣ãʲôʱ򣿡

һԣüɰ״־¡
ĺҡʱΪԪӤ֮ʱ

һΪĺҡͷ

ʱʱһԼΪڽߵݣתȻᰣ׼ִԼάֳΣλʦֻȥʦʦܣרѡɡ

ڽʧ֮۵ķȻԣЦˣٶתᰣһһֵ
¡硢ᰡ






37.  ʮ   ̸ⷬԽʱ䡭


в, üͷһݼ両ֳЩ֮⣬ʵôˣ
ȻЦǺǣ

˽֮, һȫȰ, ֱӳɨȥ
һδ棬ֻԽ



Ŷ
еӼѵһľʳ, ̲ס

Ѹٴһ𣬷
ڴߵ͵Ľɽ˸, ҷɼ, ýɽϵĸֳ, ʾ, 򳼷
һʱ䣬ƺƴ, ǰδе֡

ܣĲý
һλδĴߣһλδ֮, һλĴ֮һδ
ȫʲôʡ͵ĵư

ĺҡ״ɵתҶ, ɳҶ, Ĳ𣿡
Ҷ, Цº, , ǳ֮ǰ, ڽΧط, ǽ˵شơ

ĺҡһתͷȥӵķӦĵˡ
ЩȫһϷֵģ
Ȼ, ܳΪ޵ģûһƢ˵ʹ˵ɾ͸ɣŲʱͳء
򣬾Ͷˡ

ˣýýʲô𣡡
᰾ʧӰдȻųķ𲨼һͷīһ롣

ûӦӳһһһͷն˲֡
һͳͷ𣡡
ˣ㻹·
һúݡ

ƬӣڷȻ븵һֶᰵġŰ򡱽һϮ±ճ˽һɫ
˻ûǱɵס

ǲԼǱһͶĿ⣬ɫ΢䣬ҴҶǺ󣬻һ磬ӳ

ΪһѵһıԼ֮ʱȻ븵һһۣȴǲԼͬٳһ
ʱһӺ˲½ɽƽȴδֳʤҰݡ

һԼѣĺҡǱ̨ԵĵһɣڽӦ㿪ʼ
͹΢٣ƺΪĺҡıٶȿڵıɡ

ĺҡԣ΢⽣˳޳ָһС


⽣һ˲ԭֺĸͻȻ밲
տڽ貶佣δаװεĻƣ

˼ˣҲܵ˿ԼԼ⣬ٶȿĺҡ⽣ĿУԵòôˡ

ٵڴ⽣ͬʱ뵽ǰһ˵ġǡ֣˾֮һҪȥйǵᡣ

һԼ˼ĺҡгʵ𣿡
СĺҡⴹԼеĳ⡣

⽣

⽣һ૵ŵտ⡣
ѾȲҪͬĺҡ۽ˣڴĺҡԪӤһա
ΪˣѹԼ׵ٶȡ

ÿһλڳΪ洫һգһڽǽͳҲһν
ǰ洫ӵڽɽΪĴڡ
ɽԶǰǰŨʿΪֹڴ˽ѾãѾҲԶ˾ĴΪ洫ڽ

ɽУڵ񣬴ϹӵϰλԽ˾Ĵܡ
Щܽڽ¹ԼĺĽ⡣
ÿһ洫ӣڽܵģϹŴܽĴС
䲻ֳڽЧãȴҲѾĿǰܹļˡ

ڸһΪĺҡ⿪ڽǰҶٶȿڵڽϣѧǽǰȿȴհḴơ
ڽϽо츳ز˵ҲӦ֪ÿһ˵ĽǲͬģǶһ޶ġ

ǿѧ˵Ľ󡭡ֻ߻ħ
˵˴ʱҶ΢٣ƺ뵽ЩʲôøһΪĺҡ⿪ڽ

һ䴽ĺҡڽУЩʲôֻҪȥܣڴ˽нܻнӦ
˵գһ΢ָһĨӿ֮л۳ĺҡе⽣ӿȥ

ʣ⽣տ֡
һ˲䣬ĺҡԼе⽣Ȼȴһ㣬ͬһʰ

ĺҡתȥֻƺЩ졣
ֱѡһȥ

κĺҡ˵شϤеԵɡڲѰǱʶͬĿռС

˴ռУž
ĺҡãʱĳһ̣ʣǧӰƾնǰ֯һڽ硣
⽣ƺҲΪ⽣Ⱦ



֮У˽ĺҡ⽣һ
ģ⺮һ޶˪ѩƮ䡣

Ҷ״֪ĺҡⳡڽУջ

ҶֱĺҡĽ⣬֪˪ѩĺҡ⽣ĻΣе档

ĺҡʶͷų˽⣬佣ⲢΪ˶̫߱Ĺԡ

Ƭ̣ȫѩ
ҲֻķȻΨзԲ֮أûбѩǡ
ȻһϮƻĿѩ֮УȻȥһ꾧Ө͸ѩƮġ
Ĩѩ˲仯ޡ

ȣ庮⡣
һ˪ѩȻ޴档

Ȼᴹ߰΢΢
˼Ƭ̣Լתķͣ

ʱһӺ󣬷ȻٶȥסһĨƮѩ
һΣѩգ۵˲䣬Ż峺һѩˮ

Ȼգִۣ˲ƣš
ֱĳһ˲ԼǷ֮Ҳѩ̾ͣȻͣޱɵΪ
䴽Ц¡

˿ţȴ֪ȻΪλῴѩƮġ

һߣһϮµѩѩɫԽ԰ס
תзտ⽣⽣Դѹȣʹ򵽵ĽĪɢֵֿ֮ģֻҪ׳

ôܳأ
ѩֻһոƵĪǵ˵֮ԡ
ܳ

ôܳ
ѩɫѪɫʧָսš
ܿ죬ı㱻Ѫ

һԭעĺҡ˿ȴǲһѩü˹

Ľ⡭
һһۿѩĽΪΡ
˵ĽӽΪˣǰѩĽ⡭ȻǽԼһɱ¾֮

һʶѩĽ⡣
˼Ƭ̺ɿüͷ
ѩôܾѩĽأ

ѩĽּˣȴĽһǶԵģҲѩĽһϲ·

ڴ˵أĺҡΪǣ䳤гѹ֣ȴǼѩġ

˼ˣһڵλʦܣ岻ʣȥΪڽ񡣡
ѩԣ̧һ΢Ŵҡͷء

ͬΪĴѩ;ŵˣҶҡ¼ҡҵȴС
οѩǰʮΪĽġ
Ȼ֮Ϊһ˽ӣȴΪ
֮˵Ĵƶ£ǳΪ෹̸ʡ

һʱѾ뽣ڣѩ˲죬Ҳδйѩִš
˿̣ѩܾ飬Ҳδ⣬ǵͷתصĺҡǰעĺҡ



ʱĺҡ⡰ڽӰУ⽣ǰǧѣһͬš
⽣дԼ˼̧ȥ콣Ѱʲô


ĺҡӳ⽣ָǧ򽣹ն
һжƽ

ĺҡƿǰǰ飬˷չ
۴ɽ󽭴ӱƣڹġ

˴ǽڣ
ĺҡƼԶɽʱɵһ˲Լʶ뷨

ﲻǽڡ
ڽڽнڽ񣬾Ը̬ڵȫò

ĺҡ˼ţӳפأŷǰĽڲеǸڡ
ûоŷ

ǰûνľŷֻһ壬Ϊ̫ϡ
Ҷ˵ĻĺҡϣԪ㳡ƵʵԼ
ʵͬΨһ壡

ĺҡǰͬƣ֣߱ʴ䣬͸żظС

̫Ϸ壿
ĺҡ⻺̤ƽףʰ׶ϣ˳Ʋ˿̽Ψһĸߴ
ߴʤƱ紵ɢЩ

̫Ϸߴһ̨Ǻɨһɴȥ˴˷ɽ۰㣬ƽ
̨ڴһʯС̫ϡ֡
˷̫Ϸˡ

ĺҡû뵽ԼǰղŴҶ뽣̫Ϸй֮£ձٰͬ㣬̫Ϸ塣
ⳡڽҪڸġ̫Ϸϵ

˼ˣĺҡٶ̨ȥ
ɢ˿˿Ƶѩȹ繡

ߵ;ʱĺҡͣ˽Ų
Զ̨иֳһԼԼӰĺҡʶ̽ҲΡ

ĺҡ⵱ϣִλǰʺõǰãǽںĺҡ⡣
κǵӰһԼĻҵܾˡ

ǵӰ̨߹ĺҡ̧ȥȴʼտλǰݡ

֮ʱ޷Ӱ
ĺҡⴹλǰһǼ򵥵½ǣǰô֪ڵң

Ϊһ磬ͻӦ
λǰ˵ɤᣬӵһλǰеģ͵

ĺҡԣ뵽һ߱ǰΪˣҲûܹλǰ˵ĳָӦ
ǣԭվûߡ

ллǰ㣬һŬġ

ĺҡѵܿԽʱ䳤ͬԻˣȹָָһԣǰʱ𣿲ͬһָָ󱲡

áӰӦ
ȵλ֪ǰºĺҡ£׹һԣ΢΢⡣

ĺҡȤ֮£Ӧþǽڵ̫ϷΪλѳľŷ
ǰλǰδŷʱҲ̫ɻıʷ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣⣬ǹƽϵһЩɻ
λǰɻ󣬱ܹ֪޲ԣ޲
ƺǡûʲôǰλǰġ

ʵĺҡѾһڽϣƺһλԸܺõǰģͦȫ֪ȫܡ
ӻĸŹֻƢǰ˵һԼȥ

ĩˣĺҡ̧ʱģİǰʵǰ˵⡭ܸһĽ𣿡
ӰɣŵΪ޷ҵĽ͵

ĺҡԣ㽫ڽд֮ܽ˵һ飬ǰ˿ͬҽ̸ѵǰڽµĽΪе𣿡

һԡ
ǰ΢٣ȴδӴ˴ܵԼĽ⣬֮࣬Ծָ̧⡣

ĺҡ̧ȥԼĲһֻ޳񡢹ǽڷл̽
ָ⣬һĨ⡣

ĺҡһ˲ȥǽ⣬ָһ
ǵ⽫ָ⻮һϸ΢Ѫоʹ

Ҳδȫʩչ⡣

ĺҡջ֣Լָ⴦ĨϸСѪߣ˼
⡭

ҵĽ⣿Ӱ˼ɵóʵ
ǵġĺҡͷ
Ҳܹ⡣

ڲУҵǱʱҲһ⻮ָ⣬ǳѪߡ

ôλݵĴǰݡͺ
ݷۡ

ĺҡ뵽Ǳʱɻ󣬶˶ȴ֪οڡ

ݷƺǲ㲻ǣҲ̸ⷬıʲô˶ı֪ʷ

ĺҡĬȻ˵ʵһ֪
֪ʷϣҲİۼ

֮ʱ̸ⷬԽʱ䣬ǵãҡǵá






38.  ʮ   Ϊʲô


ⱾǿԽʱ䳤ӵһԻ
һվʱȥ, һվʱδ
ݷ۲ǵδǵùȥ

ĺҡݷⷬв֪һ, ڴ˵Ȼ
ãã, ݷԭģԽˡƷַƽѩ½ǡ

ĺҡһ, ǹãֻлһ˲
΢, ٶʱ, ݷڶ, νǰģ˲١
Ҫϸȥ, ܿǵӰ

ĺҡ΢ǰ
һ, ջ񡣡ݷ

ջ
ĺҡʶͬºͶƽ
Դ֮, ˺֢ÿתᴫͬһĴʹк黨Ч, Ͼǳ֮

Ѿδ滺ĸо
˵, Ľұ𡭡׹ħ, ħ, ֻе, ˵ǽħɽˡ

һ, ܴôࡣ

ֵʱ, ݷˡ
ĺҡԣ̧ȥ, ֻӿٶȼӿһЩ
ǰ֮ţٱԵ

ĺҡٶתĿ⣬㷢ڶݷԽͬ˼Ϊһ˰㡣
ǣվ֣λɿĴǰй񣬵лǰָ㡭

˴ʱ⾰Ѿʼʧ
ĺҡ֪Լûȥˣ̧ȥֲ֪䣬ݷ۵Ѿ׿ˡ
ֻԼ
лԵ

ǰʱ䳤Ӹ콫ʱ仯ˮĴĽ


ĺҡ⿴ʱУһɨ
ѩ貣Ȼ

ʱԽĶ˭ʱǰСҲ޷亳
ĺҡǰһʱ䳤ӣǰԶȻֹ

ʱ䶼ڱ˷

һ
˵ҪһλǰĽ⣬ݷ۱ٷֱǰʱ䳤ӣһ͵ǰ
ȫһ־ޡ

ĺҡ̧ȥʱԾɱһֿ

ݷԶеӰһϮްεļ򵥰£Ԩsţȶݡ
ʱ䳤ӷ˿ȴ˳ͷͬڹʥһĴڡ

ʱʶӴ˴ռг룬ĺҡԾɳһ޷԰Ρ
춯ȴ˵Сͺ

ĺҡعŷԼӿۼڲ֪ͻˡ
ӽ𵤳ڣڣգ

Ϊ˸е棬ĺҡԼþȡ
뵽˴ǰԼĶԼݷ뿪ǰһ

Ǹľء
λǰҲһλõǰ

һ״üһ䣬ʺÿ״ʦջᡣ

̾͵İѩڣδĺҡ˲ɢ
У˶Щ⡣
ڳ֮˽ΪЩ⣬תһ𣬱ɽԼĺɢ

ĺҡƼǰһĻֳǸʱûյסʶ˳

һͷתѩ
ѩǱο˴ȵڶĺҡڽ󣬾͸ֵˡ

һߵԾɲ԰׵ѩǰλʦܣ׼ˣ
ѩĬĽĿջأ΢Լı

ѩıΪѩ
ѩԼߣѩ֮ȴ佣ϲԼΣ֮С
δǰ˽ط̣֮ʱâ¶

һѩеĻѩԼ֮սָ΢˲
ǰ֮˵ĽĽȻͬ෴ļˡ
ڽ֮䣬ضһս

ˣĺҡǶ򽣽ѹ֮⣬ѩض
һ˼ˣָ£ڵΪѩڽ

ĺҡ̧ƽעš
ڡ·ԭУѩרעڽԭǱο˴ȵһڽ򽣽⣬ԼĽ⾭شڽʵɽġ

ɴ˿̡
ĺҡѩ԰׵ĴɫԼڽһʼðĶǣ˵ûô˰ɡ

ĺҡ˼ʱ۽ǴӳһƬӰǷȻǰסߡ
գ̧ۣȻɻʦ֣

ĺҡᴹȻƼȻ½һĨѩףϸȥһʵ˪ѩ⡣
Ƽһ㽣⣬Щɻ

ȻֻС߷һ˪֮ⶼ޷ôôһ㽣ɢأ

Ȼĺҡ⣬ڵ
ĺҡԣȻ⣬ǻ˳

ȻҹѶĺҡģǵһٰѶ㽻ȥǾͱ𡭡

룬ȻȻ뵽ҹҧгݵһӭ
Ǻǣ

ĺҡԣգۣ΢Ц⣬ʦ֣˵ʦ֮°ɡ
¶ңҸѶ

Ȼ΢û㣬

ˣͱѶ
˵˴Ȼ΢úܲһαѶ

ĺҡüʦֵҪѶҲҲˣ
ôһ
ȻʶԼͬᲢۡ

ʲôһĺҡⲻ
Ȼ΢٣뵽Լǰĺҡ̽鵽һĨ⣬ͣ£żǷծծ֮ĹϵǸСˡһ𣿡

ĺҡƼȻһʧ񣬲ɵЩź
û÷Ȼ˵Ϊһʱ̬ȴԵɡ

Ȼ̬Ǵʲôʱʼתأ
šǴҹһα֮ʣϵͳؾʹ˹ȥ
ʱȻڳġ

֮󣬷Ȼ̬ȱ㷢ת䡣
ĪĶãȥѩԭժ黨Ӳһʯһȥƶ̽ء

ֱ֡
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ýȻԭǡ·Ĺ̶ӡĿȥ󣬲ͬлࣿ

лΪһħ˴
ͬһ¡
ȻҲǶбʲô뷨

ֺҪô룬ֻԴڷȻ̬תΪ̫ˡ

˼ˣĺҡ£ĬƬ̡
ѵΪһεľ֮
ԡ
һͬʱ䣬ͬĵص㣬ҲȹȻ
ȻûΪһεľֳ֮κر֮

˼ȥĲͬڡģ˾Ŀơ

Ȼǲе̫Ծĺҡʵ

ȻȻĺҡ֣ʧһ˲Ŵȥ

ĺҡָԾһĨѶָϸи㡣ĿУγƽǲʲôĳһζȴʲôûС
˫ƯУһ͸

ʲôûС
Ȼ񣬳˴ǣʶƫ⣬ܹ˫·͸ЩʲôӣǵǺǣﲻԾˣ㲻Ծ


ĺҡԣƼȻĪ˵Ȼ˰ɡ

Сʲô˼أ
ǡֱ
С

ȻǵСˣ㶼뽫Ѷ㿴ʲô𣿡
ҵһЩĺҡʶõ˵ʦΪ齣һ׳˽ܳס

齣һ˶úáлʦһ

Ȼͷ֪ͺáһ֣֪ôɣ
ĺҡգգۣɳʦֻʦֽ飿

Ȼסĺҡϵ޹ЦˣǵȻԣû⣬ܺá
˵գ˷䣬תȥʱֻͷ㣬ͰǸóգ
Ǻǣ

ĺҡԣһʱ̲ס۽ǳ¡

ѩǱߡ
ĺҡ˼ˣתȥ㿴ѩ˫ۣɫ԰ü
һҲǽڽ񣬵Ƶġ

һ״ƺҲ˲תͷȥҶ
Ҷ鿴ѩ״̬󣬳С

ѩ֪ΪΣ֮У˿޷˻ѣֻ׽֮˲ܻѡ
ѩڽΨһ׽֮ˣҲֻĽѩһˡ

͵Ҷ΢üͷѯʵĽѩ̫壿ȥĽѩ󡣡

̫ϣĽѩԺľϣ˫ֱסϥ䣬ݼ͸żʧ㱡
𲻾ǰλʦֶ˵Ļ

ڣͽգ뿪ȥһвһջأ
ǲǵλ粻
ѾСˣѾΪԼ

ʱռǮҡ޷ã֮ʱһöͭǮ

Ľѩ⻺֣̯ġ
еöͭǮϣͭɫ

֮Ľѩᷭתָ⣬еͭǮһף
ͭǮڰ֮лһ⣬С

ĽѩöͭǮſָ⣬һۣҧŴ૵ȥ𣿡

ֵʱԺ˼ҴĽѩ⣡Ҵȥʦֳˡ
ʲôĽѩץöͭǮӳǰʵôˣ

ʦڽڽʱˣֻ׽֮˲ܻ
˵ţҴҽĽѩȥ˽

һ뽣ĽѩƼ˲Զѩ
ĽѩⱼȥƼѩ԰ĴɫԼϵıпڵڸôأ

Ҷ͵ѩڽΪ׽֮ˣȥѩ֮Уѣʵ

Ϊ׽֮ˡ
Ľѩԣȴǳһ˲
Ϊ׽֮

ǻĽңѩʱȻΪ
ڣĽѾûˣѩңѾ
ֻסҵһ˶ѡ

κĽѩͷãҽȥ
Ҷֽ͵ǰйԲڻþеóȻѩУ»ѩһݽȥ

Ҫһŵˣһȥʧ֮ʣ㻽ѡҶ˵˴ƺЩգʵεˡ˭

Ҷϸ룬Ľѩڽ֮ڣε˲ѩ
ѩ˿ȴҪĽѩȥУ˻ѡ

Ľѩԣɫ΢ףԼԲᶨЩܡ
ָ߬⣬ڵһ˽ȥ𣿡

Ҷҡҡͷȥѩмܻͬһ֮Уʱûܹٽǻѡ

ĽѩҧŴ۽΢ƺЩԥ
⽣ɻбܹŵ׽֮ˣҶʵ


Ľѩ⻺̧վȺ֮ѩȹĺҡ⣬ƺЩΪѡ
óȻǰȥ

ֵʱѩ˫ۣѪȻ֮У޷԰Ρ

Ľѩĺҡǰ֣Ϲܲܡ
΢࣬һȥڱҪ֮ʱҺ𣿡

ĺҡⴹƽĽѩ⣬Ϊʲôң
Ľѩεˣ

ĺҡһ־δЩЦ
ʲô
Ǿƫ֮ʲôǿаؾֶ֮һ

Ľѩʧ˴˴洫֮λѩʣӶĽѩ⽣УѩڽС
ҲǡĽѩڽˣ

ĺҡ⳶˳Ľѩ⡣
Ľѩⴹüۣ㣬ģ㡣

㣬ġĽѩ
ĺҡͷƺò⣬㣿Ϊʲôҽ㣿

ĽѩסóǰȴȻǰҪȡǰ壬ȴûҪû֮¡

ĺҡƽңΪʲôҽ㣬Ҿ͸ȥ

Ľѩ͵а壬ҽ㵱ģ֪ǲͬҲа壿
ʲô壿ҿ𣿡ĺҡʵ

ǰ塭ҽ籣ˡĽѩ
ĺҡͷĿԽʹĽѩ⣬ѩϣΪʲôһأ

ˡ
ĺҡ⻺ĿĽѩƽƽİȴܡ

Ҳ𣿡
ĺҡ⻰΢٣˵ĵ£

ȻǡĽѩʶҪ̧ײĺҡ˫ƽγУвӿһ֮⡣

Ľѩ⣬ȲˣҲ¡ƾʲôİ彻أ

Ϊǡ
簡
Ľѩ⻰δ֮С

ĺҡ䴽Цˡô࣬һѾ㹻
˵գסĽѩļ磬Ľѩ˵תƵѩǰ

Ҳ˵ֻҪشҵ⣬Ҿȥ

ĺҡ⿴Ҷæ

Ҷ˸ղŵһԻУƺ²⵽Ľѩǽĺҡ⵱ԼʧɢĽ㣬̾һ˵Ľѩִ̫ˡ

ָ⻪һ䣬һ˽ȥ

⻷һ䣬ĺҡٶ̧ʱĽѩѾߡ
߳£˴ɽӳ̺ڲ࣬峺⡣

ԶµỤִ̊˹
˾ĺҡʱ޷Ӧδһ㡣

Сղ֪ôˣ޶Χҽʦû
С㼪࣬϶µġ
˽̸Ļӿĺҡϣĺҡԣ˳Ƹһ𣬻̤һԺС

ԺлãعչһƬ߲Ӱ
ĺҡ̤ʯ壬߽Ժķ䣬ƹ廨磬վ˴ǰ

ðΣĺҡŴԼҳһĻ
ܾúܾǰŴԽ˲ãĿĽһ˿ɥħ֣֮ĽĽĸȴϵͳǿֶ˯֮С

ʱʲôҲˡ






39.  ʮ   ѧ뱣˭ء


Ľҡ
ͬΪɽ֮һĽҡ
˿, ѩУĽһδ

ĺҡվڴǰ͸, Լ͸⡣
, ڵѾСƿк, ڴϵŮԲ԰׵ϣ޼˼۵Ĵ

һѾ߽Ͻ˫۵Ů, һѾ߶еҩ롣
໥, ҩеҩһһιŮС
ֻ, ɫ԰׵Ůʶ, ҩ˳

һѾɫСô찡ҽʦҩιȥСҲüûнʳˡ

һѾǳʿ, ؽʳɴС㻹еֻͣǺΪͨˣʳôأ

ĺҡ;վڴ, Ŵ֮ǰ˯ԾɽüͷŮþò

ʱĳһ˲, Ժ⴫ϸĽŲ, Ȼͣס
, һŴ, 𣿡
վѾӦشСջδѡ

ŷ۰ȹСŲ, ˽
ʱĽѩδʮ, δȥ͸Щ, һ˫΢Բ

ĺҡվڴǰһĽѩԼĽѩŵ꣬ѩ
˴ѩ, ֮޷԰Ρ
Ľѩ⡭ȻҲڽʵһ˲֮һͬС

ĽѩߵߣڴϵĽ㣬ü૵ʲôʱŻѰ

ʵĹȥĽĽĸ͸¶ЩĽұ֮£ĽĽĸ˶
ٶϵͳĵߣϵͳʵʩͷ޹˯֮С

꣬Լ˯ʮա
ѩ֮Уÿѩ롰ʲôʱ

еʮʱŶ
ĺҡŮԣʱʮգڴδһʳһˮŮѾݵü¶İϸһ־ܽ顣

ʮռ䣬Ľѩʱ򻹽Ľѩѩ󶼻ڹ̶ʱ˴ǡ
̶򿨲ιƵġ

ĺҡֵա
ˡԵĵʮʱĽĽĸһϹؾйΪѰϷĵرͼ鱦Ч塣

ʱѩУԾûѡ
ҺĽĽĸϹؾѰĵرš壬Ų˶ɥ

ѩôԼУá˯ȥ
ĺҡ״̲ס롣

գһ֮ãѹ

㣬ˡĽѩⱼ齱ߣСŮסգ£ˮⷺ

һס磬ңܵ㡣ĽѩŴĽ㣬

ɫ԰׵Ů˻ʵһһ𣿡
Ľѩһԣͷǵģ㣬Ƕܵ㡣

Ůԣ䴽ЦЦصģڲѾѹ𣿡

УͬվһԵѩδһԡ
ѩһֱˣƽðβųѩˣҩɡ

ĺҡŴϵġƼʱޱ顢ɫڵѩ󣬳۽ǣɵ룺֪˻ΪȰȶء

ڣûѩⳡʵĿġ
֮ԴӦѩ֮У޷ǾΪŪһ㡣
֪֪ˣս

ѩ븵һ֮䣬Ľˡ
δ˱һս

ѩ֮䡭Ҳضһս
ѩǡǡ·еǶ򽣽ѹơ
Ϊһ־ѩʶ볼Ϊ·־ֲѩ󳼷κˡ

ѹ뷴
ѩУ

˼ˣĺҡ⻺ŮĵѩСͿߵԭɡ

ƬӺšϢĽĽĸ
ڴһֻ࣬˰£Ÿ߳ԺС

һڡϵĹֲ·ӴԺӰһ㡣
δ롰Ľұ𡱡ħ֡صĴʾ䣬Эˣھδ˳Ƶķչˡ

֮󣬡ʼͬĹСһ㣬ʶ֣ѧϰǣ˵֣͸еģ

ʱĳһգ⣬㣬ƼԺĽԺŴվãҲû뿪

ĽתͷƼǡ뽣֮У߹Դʵأ
Сǳȥˡ

ĽһֱԼ뽣ʵĳɵÿڵڽܸȤ𣿡
ͷš

֪һһҪöֲи£Ϊһ޸Ҫᶨ־С
Ľ롰ƽʵҪΪһ𣿡

롣
ÿվҵ

ǡһΪ
ĺҡվԺⲻԶһϮ޺µŮϸۣȴȥᶨƵͬĽϣػΪġ

ʱ򣬡뷨ʲôأ
ĺҡãŴԼӵļгһ뷨

룺ܹѧýڽŲᴦơ
ܱԼҪˡ

еԼģҲ뱣֮˵ġĽ˵ţЦʵ뱣˭أ
Ļش뱣ǣ뱣Ҫˡ

ĽԣЦЦֲŽϸĸ뽣йصĶ

ɽУһн޶Ϊ֮ʥأΪڡȫнĽޡ

ǰҲڽй԰뽣ڣʱʶĽޡ

ÿնʱĽŻܱԼҪˡ


ǶôԶʱأ

ĽѾȲˡ

ĺҡһڴ˷ķ֮ˣĽһС

ѩĽѩġáԽԽãʱѩʮһ뿪Ľң˽˿иֵ塣

𽥳ŮÿԼͬĽ£۷紵򣬱زȱϯ

ĽѩˣʱһǱ˵ġˡĽһķϵСԺС

Ǹ˵ġˡҹ˾֮ʱ˿˿ƵħķϵСԺס

Ľѩ⿪ʼ¶ԼΪ
ǸˡˣڰƼĽѩήԣ
ĳһò޵ĺŮһվĽ鷿⣬ڼδʹŮɫѩֽ
ĽⲻԶĵطħϣĽΧ˸ˮйͨ

Ľ£ħ֣»ղԺ
ѪʼĽһɱ¾

ǴǧҪκζҲҪȥ֪𣿡Ľĸʧҹɫ֮С

Ľѩһԣòִ٣Ь࣬ѩ׽ֺڱĵϣ΢΢

㡭СϴŲֻʧɫƼԼҽ㱧һ߳ĳȥɵóסˡ

Ҫȥײ˵˵ǴǧҪ𣿡ĽѩĵܹСסһ½ǡ

Ľѩϲ֪䣬Ѿ⣬㣬ǲǳˣ׿϶ƽƽģǵģԲԣ

С΢ԲӵЩ¡

㣬ȥ𣿡

ĺҡƼһϮµŮǱδʹá޷ǰ߳벽

㡣
Ľѩס䡣

㽫ǰȵǸˡǼҡʣڿ֮ʱûиеκεĲ𣿡

Ľѩԣɫ˲ѩףסʶķſˡ

һĽѩŵΪҵĴ

㣬ǲ
ʲô

ŮջĿ⣬ָţгĽ
ڼδʹϽ

ѧ뱣˭أ
뱣Ҫˡ

Ůᴹ⣬гϣһλָ֣һһ߬סԼеĳ

ĺҡ⾲עţ߹ȥȥԡ

ڤڤ֮УƼһֻ޳׵ͬ롰һסг
ֻһͬס˽صһ㣬һ˳
ңԶ޵һдҰ㡣


ʱ΢ϸ·ʲôס˰㡣
ʱֻصһֽ仺տ⻪Խһһӡ
ת˲֮䣬տ⻪ӿ˼貶ҫۡ

㡭
ĽѩЩãȴܿ챻ڸǡ

ʱĳһ˲տնգ
ɣէ֡
˶






40.  ʮ   ĸġ


ĺҡ⽣, ⽣һƿ˽̧עյħ, ǰһһʧ

Ľѩⱻǰĳŵ, һڽ, Ŀ͸żֳ֮⡣

ʱǰһгΪƬΪγ, ĺҡعͷȥ, һǵĽѩ⡣
Ľѩﻹһֱ߶š㡱㡱, Ŀɢ

ղһ˲, Ľѩ⽣ʶãԵ, ȴڿħʱ±֮У޷԰С

ĺҡƼǰһĻ, ĬгٶȻӳ, һն, ƿ˽ʡ
⻷һ, ۴ƶ, Զɽ, ޱȡ

˴
ǽڡ

ĺҡֻһ, ϳš
ȴǰڽȥĽ, ǰӵоŷĽڡ

ĽѩѾߣĺҡ⻺߽ڡ
ֵ֮ʱϴ, гӳȻŸѧĽС

ܿ죬ĺҡ㿴Ľѩѩ
Ľѩչ꣬˴ֵ֮ʱѩһɽȥĴҲΪѰһ㡱ˡ

һΣĺҡԹߡ
˴еĽڵɿӰĽѩѩеҲ

վڽפǰĺҡĿĽѩѩ뿪ڡ
չ׹ϴ
Ǹõ

פУĺҡעͶӰһȦһȦ
ʱĽѩѩ뿪ĵգĺҡڽǰԼеһĻ

һǱѪ۵Ůǰȴפڴ˵ֵصסҪƲſ롣
ŮӸòԼҹߵơ

λʦ㣿ֵصӳɵԴѶʦ𣬻׽ʦʦ㣬ȥ

ɡʲôʦʦأû׽ʦʦ㡣

˵Ůֵصӵע£ã̧һѶ
ǵѶܿӽڣһϮѩ׳۵ӣϵĻӳȾɾ
롰γǿҵĶԱȡ

ʦ֡
Ҳʶλ
º͵˵ĮĻ

УĺҡһֱעţδҲδ֡
ڡ·ԭУԶһԣˡȫϣ
δʦδʦʦ㣬Ϊ׽ʦֻǸп޵ֻǸЦ

һϮѩ׳۵ʦַԼʶ󣬺ܿתȥֻһǱŮվɪɪС
ֵصӼ״ҲΪѣλʦ㣬ɻ֤Լݵķ

ӳɢڼҲˣѾɽʧˣ˭ǵáأ

ĺҡʱľ飬ʱĺߴһƬ죬Ʋ͸貶ĿĹ⻪繶ҫۣ
ƬפǰŻó

ÿꡰǱʱС˲Ż֤Ǳһ㡣
һϮСƼѪۣüͷֵصӴ˽⵽ǳǺǣ˰ǡ

֪ȥ̷Ҽ¼С˵꣬˵ģǴָۣ˵ྻתȥ

ĺҡ״۽ǳ¡
ŷȻȥӰī⽾һ㣬ɵøпһ䡪
СÿγǸ߹ʱ̣ǹֱֵˣʧ˺ܶ

˵ѩһʣǹȥһġʲô
δ

ĺҡƼǰһĻѹƽЩ͸żֲ⡣
ѩһӺĻɣ˴αϵͳ߾תӦԴʩ

Ͼѩһʡ롶·ԭһģһҲһ֮ûа
Щ飬ֻϵͳ֪Ŷԡ
ѩǴ֪Щģ
ѵⲻɣ

Ц⡣
ĺҡעеĽѩѩ˷չ顣
һһεΣ֮о벻벻Ľѩ⿪ʼһֱˡ˱ĸ顣

Ľѩʶһ󣬿ʼѩ
ڡ·ԭУŮһһ׷ټڶˮмʮ֣ڿ˷裬໥⣬Ϊ¡

ĺҡ⿴ôãҲδҵƽѩһ֮
һѩĽѩ˹ͬĽɵʣֻҪһƿǡ
һ

ĺҡᴹ⣬עźһϮµĽѩ⣬ɫѩüۣβȾһɫ
ܿ죬ͬһϲѩƿſŶڴߵĽѩȥ
ָġ޳ָ˲½

²ʲôʣһΰɣ

ĺҡ̲סˣ붴ǰһ̣⽣һ˹ȥ




ڣڲԶĺҡ⽣һԭһֱδжѩƫͷ͵³һѪ

ˣˡ˳

ĺҡ⻺ָۣ΢е⽣߬վ

ĽѩһۣǰеһĻĻϷ΢죬ּѩѪæ˷ס
磡

Ҷǰ̽ѩ䣬κ󣬲üǰƲδȬټһϮѩ֮ڣöк󻼡
˵գҶһԷѩĽѩ⣬úտѩɡ

ĽѩҧŴʹͷӦһģлл
۽ԶһϮѩµĺҡ⣬뵽֮£ҡ
ôܶ뷨

ĽѩĿ˲ҧ㡭
ĺҡüȴʵ˭㣿

Ľѩԣ΢٣ΪĺҡƼڴǰǳж󲻾뷨޿ɾҩˣá

˼ˣĽѩü۵ʹڵлл㣬֮С

ѩڽ֮жжϡˣҪټδڽ
ҶĽѩһһѩͻȥ

뿪ǰѩƽĺҡ⡣

硣
Ľѩѩǰ¹ѪȾĴϣƳɰ㣬Լѩȡ˳СѩһȥѩĴߣþѪ
䣬ָⲻƾΰ¡

һУĽѩعͷȥһĺҡ⡣
Ľѩ뷨ѩ˶Ƶ
ʹβĨɫ鶯ұ棬ɫ԰ף˼ѵõС

Ľѩæ񣬿ѩ󣬳磿
ҾЩۡѩ
ǲǾ˸ˣǿЩȥҽʦһưɡ

ĽѩѩԼҶһȥѩһӣ˵Ӱܿʧڽ֮С

һߣĺҡԼе⽣˼
УһѷֵʱδƳʣֻѩƼĴڡ

ȻѩһϮ
ͬѩִһܣ

󣬾ȻΪһܶƳѩʡ
ʵЩ⡣

Ҷĺҡⶢзտ⻪⽣ЩĴչȥʵȻԼʵģôƳ˵ʵģ

Ѿȥ˶ʮ꣬ʵĽУֻͬգ۵˲䡣

ĺҡգգۣڵʵвûжЩʲô
͵һԹߣʼտĽѩѩˡ١

ȻҲһУȴ׽УһԹߵݡ
Ľѩǡȴֲ
ٿصġ

ͬ˴һܣƳ˵ʡ

ͨ˵ƳʵĹؼ
ҶԣǾȡ

ĺҡҲЩ⡣
ԭΪƻѩĽѩϲºǳʾ͸ýˡ
ûС

ͬѩһܣĪнǳʡ


ͬѩĽһ֡
ûĸĽǳΪһ޸еɱ¾֮






41.  ʮһ   ѩԭҲһ



Ҷ, Ҷȥڽ

˽ЩǳʵҶԣһƲһ֮
һΪҪڽ洫ʩ
Ȿһ, , һɫƽδκѵ

ֵһʱ, һ߬ȭͷĹĵؿһ, , Һܿ׷, ʱҪ仨ˮ

˭һûһܺأ
һ, ֻóΪһֳƣΪͻƽ˵
˵, ָһӳһڽ״̬

ĸһݼԾɴδȥ, һϮѩ׳۵ĸһһ㣬ɫ״, ǰ״üۡ
һȥ, ˫Ӱ㡣
ֻ, һƫЩ, һЩ

ڽ, ֻΪṩһõ;, Ƿл˽⴫, Ǹ˻Ե

ʮ洫ӶܹڽҶδѯʮ˴Ӹղŵڽе׻ʲôԵǳ͵Ϊڵ洫, һݵǽӵнĸԴ

Ҷ洫ÿ·ԼܻõĸԴ˵˵ֵ֪ǿɷ˵磿

ĺҡ硱ʱ΢

ǧ磬治С
ɽ磬ֻǧ֮һ

Ϲʱʿ̤գϽ磬Ϊ˸ָķ
ǧ֮䣬޾Ǻ硣
գʿ֮УΨд˼ʿУȻ

ԼǰдܿգǺϣΪڡ
֮ڣΪ硣
ܵĲŬһƵ硣
磬Ѿٲӵм츳˽Уᱻˡ

ѷɽУѾͬϹؾƶһ㣬ֻһ˽С

ƶؾֻие洫ӿԻýؾĻᡣ
ȻҲ⣬Ψм󶥼ŵ洫ӿԽУ

УӽϽ磬Ҳ׸򵽷
ҲǽڡԼ󶥼ڲͷҲҪ洫֮λԭ֮һ

ĺҡ⾲ҶĽܣֻһ֮¡
һʮΪ洫ӣȴδν硣

ԭ
ʮϹʱһҹ֮ڱڡ
ӴԺɽʧȥ˹Ͻ硢;

ʿһ£֮Ϊ족
һʣɽֻм֪οǡ족
֮ͨ;Ͼһ£ûɽдΧֻмһʿ֪¡
ˣ족δɽд󲿷ʿĿֻš

򡰶족һ¾ģЩΪ˵ʿ
ԽǴֿɼǷ·ߵĶǰۿŻٵ־ġ

ңʿԣĿģǷ
ʿΪеΨһ˵ʿѾȥֻʣһ
Ϊͨ죬пܷһˣ֮ͨ;ϾǶǱ

Դʿ
ʱĽѩΪ壬ո¶âҲΪڶʿ֪ɽ硣
һơֻܴͨϾ֮ͨ;Ĵűɴ˴
ԽԽĴʿھ̫õľ֮󣬱㽫ĿϣĽѩϡ

ԴؾȣȫעĽѩһϡ
֮ʱһħ֮ʱ
ƺһԱȣֳǵʿáʡ

·д
ֱնɱħǣһ֮ͨΪɽµϣ
ʷϣĽѩһ꣬Ϊ¼Ԫꡣ

ĺҡ뵽뵽Īɺϣɵò²ʮòҲΪ˸ĽѩŮ·ɡ

ɽѷϾǾʮܵĲϹƣ;ô˵ͱκ˽أ

ֵʱҶϵƣٴγ͵ڱڵ洫Уǿ̽ʶʶ״̬У

ǰͬһһĻ۴ģĪĺô͵

Ҷ磬ֽʶķ½洫ӣ㽫µʱ¾洫໥
⽻ѺýΪĵʾͲÿǵˡ

һһ洫Ӷôġ
ܵҪࡰɡ

ȵҶһߣе洫ǱΧ˹΢Ц

λʦʦǣ֪洫֮и񣿡һźµ洫ӳ
˵ţһһϮµķȻܵ洫ϵһķȻʦ֣Ϊ񾳽硣
ʦ֮Ψһһλͻ񾳽洫ӡ

ڶʦ֣ʦ֡Ƴ˵ĺʦɫ΢ᰲڴ˴λһϮ¡ʼʦֺ͸Сʦһܵʦ֡

ϵǵĸСʦˡСʦ֮ͬУԪӤʿ

ǵ
ʦһһǰʮ洫ӡ
ڳģǲڳģͨͨһ֡

ĩˣʦֲŵʮλʦʦ㣬Ǹѧϰ֮ˡ
ǡΪ˲۸ǣǶ֡

λʦʦýֵģǡ
ʦ˵գЦ¶׳ݣݼ޺

ʦʦǳէҪ˵˵ء
˵أܽ޷Ǿ֡һ
һȻ֪

ĺҡԣ˴ǰȥʱȻ֪£˲δеȡ
ǲԶĸһΪƾʲôǰʮ֣

һĿתĶԹ۵ĸһҲҾҪս洫ϵĵڶ

ڳ˽֪һи̫ʡĵĵܵܣܵܵ˵ҲһӣһʱǽĿ˸һϣһƸһ

һһĸһڵؾǹأ򣬻ؼȥ򡣡

һߵģǸһ⸱̬ü㲻ң±Ҵˣ㶪ˡ
ǵС

£Ÿһ첻µزµĻ
Ƽһһֲ飬ɵó۽ǣΪСʦôһܺӵܵܶǡ
һ̸ܽһܺӣضԶ

һȻ뵽һ㣬ɫݣӦãɡ
˵գһ߹ȥ޿̵عסһļ磬˴ȥ˽һ

ƬӣǸﴫһѹֵʹ

һ㾹Ȼ
ǿڳñߣÿʦĻӭЩ

һҲѹƲסʹ¡
̲ס۽ǡ

Ÿһںúá̵ԼܺӵܸܵһʱĺҡȡԼµõĵƣƬ̣Ȼ̽ʶ̽Ƭ̡
ϱľ缸ͬڴ˾磬ʶȻҲһҲͬʿǿ١

ĺҡԼе洫ҵ˽Ĺؼ㡣
˼Ƭ̣ԼʶһΪһУ档
һʶͨ洫ƣȻǱ硣

Уѩӣ۴Ŀǰѩ
ĺҡʶܴȥܿ³˴˴ɽһ֮ء
ããѩƮɢ·ֹ
ΪˮϵƫŽʶˡ

ѩԭ
ĺҡ૵

ɽУΨһļԺΪѩǣڻ
ѩԭ
Ҳһ֮ء






42.  ʮ   ˣóԽ


ĺҡ̧, ǰѩ
һΨһһѩԭΪ˽ڴ˴

ʱ, ɻ, ΪҪȡĽڱѩԭ
ʱϵͳĻشǣ㱾Ǳʿ佣ȻҲ˵ʺϵԡڴ˴, Ϊˡ

Ľѩڱѩԭʱҳ߱ħ
߱ħ, ߱ħ, ߱ħ֮ˡ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ, żһ񽣹֮ڵķȥ
˴ػΪ, һеĺõطԾͳʱ䣬תķ, 

ƬӣĺҡԼתǰδеͨ
ԼϵĻУ, ֱ١

ĺҡʶǿ󣬽ʶһΪ, һʶ̽, һʶԾɽԼС

˿̽ڽ, ˽Ŀⶢڱ̨аεͷĺҡ⡣
ĺʦãĺʦòŽ׽, ʦҲǽ, , ͬĺʦñһ

ĺҡ⿴, ͷӦȻԡ
սֶȻԽԽá
ֻǣǻһ, ӵһľս飬ͬЩӽ֣ǡ۸СӰ㡣

Ϊ˸λʦһӣĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʮУŻ



⽣һڽתϢѹס
һ˲ĺҡָ⣬⽣Ϣסͬλʦֶս

ĬŽУʱʮһ⽣ȥ㽫λʦеĳ𿪣


λʦеĳ׹أһ˲ƺЩԾ㣬૳ˡ

ͬ쿼˴ǰʮ洫ӣ֮ͬУΪ츳ߣ֮;ʼʱ㼫аܼ

ĺҡƼλʦȻŰ㣬ɵóοʦûϵһܡ

ֻǰܸң㻹Ӯ˸ˡ
Լ

ĺҡλüʦֹ˺һʼ

λʦĺҡⷬѹ
ĺҡ˵֮ԣ׼˺þã׼ڽսѵ½洫֮ŵĻ
ôôʮ½ʦãûӮˣǰλĺʦø˵һ

ûʮǰͬ㱻ʦʦôһ֮һ
ǵ÷Ȼʦһԥûаֹ˼ɵ˼

һ½洫֮УͬһУֻиСʦһûǰƵʦʦǡ
Сʦ֮⣬Ǿ˽ǰܸһ洫ӡ
ЩʦʦԻƣĥĥǵİźƽ͵ľŬС

ˮת
û뵽һεķˮûֵ

ѹ˺һλʦҧҧԵûϵһλӮġ
ĺʦãҵţΪһ쿼˴ȵĵһǵп϶кܶ˻鷳ġ

Ȼλʦַ껰ûãڶĺҡˡ
ƲƵʦ㣬ĺҡⲢδ룬ȻӦս

Ǿ仰ս

һΣĺҡԼﶨµĹأʮ֮ڴܶ֡
ʮʮУʱʱ䣬Ѿ洫ӡ

ʦ㣬λĺʦáЩ̫׶ԸеӰĺҡ֣֮СһλɫװŮӵ
ǵУѾкü˰ˡ

˪ҪܾͿͬСֹʲôأҶݽΣ΢̧°ͣŮڵķ򺰵

˪ԭ̧Ŀ⣬ȥעĺҡ⣬Ҷüӹһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ֻǣתҶʱüĲϲ֮ɫ˲ݼ˼Ц⣬ԭǽãҶδϲãɹΪ洫ӡ

Ҷ˪̬Լˬüͷ˭㽿ã

˪ԣɫѿһ˲ԾɹЦݣ⵹ҲǣǼ޸᰸ˣʱȻûһɩɩ
˭Ҫ޸ǸˣҶǸУ˭֪Ƶģ˶С
ЩСﶼˡ

᰸ʵǴ˱ȽᣬŻЩʦһִѡ
˪ΪᰱѾᳵ·

ҶԣЦ⵹Ҳǣ¼û׼ǡʤأȻôĳ֣

˻һ˪ɫͱˣϽЦ𽥽ס
ֵʱĺҡһܹС˪ʦ㣬Ҳλĺʦá

Ҷãλ֪ʦԣʶʵĸĺʦ
ܿ췴Ӧλĺʦĺҡ⡣

Ҷߴ˵ĵ
λĺʦ治һο˴ȵĵһһǵһ쿼˴ȵĵһǸСʦء
ûз֣λĺʦÿһγ֡ʮ֮ڻֵܶģ

ҶתһϮѩȹĺҡȥʶĬĺҡһеĴ
һ
ߡˡš
ʮ

ĺҡ⽻΢͵ĳˡ
ʮ֮ڡ

˪ͱҶǷòУһ洫֮г˸Ǹһһ洫ӣ鲻ӷꡣ
ÿÿҶΪĽᱻơ

ҶһһУ·ҶС㡣ԼһУǱٹ⣬һơ
ʧȥ˹ǸŢ֮е

ԽԽĵƼĺҡһһֵʮ֮ڣִܣĺҡʢ͵ɡ
ЩӶĺҡ⣬֪ΪΣԼӭսԽˡ
ͺ񡭡ĺҡʱʱ̶̿ھΪһ㡣

˵λĺʦôǰֻǸŵأѾΪο˴ȵĵһˡ
֪ǰλĺʦòŴڽ׽𵤳ڣաѾǽˡ
ѲλĺʦǸСʦһˣλĺʦö׷ˡ

ûСʦһֱעĺʦǱߵı𣿡
зʦ֣˵߲ע⵽ȻעĺҡڵķΪ⣬ʦעЩģһôҲעأ

ʵǰ˵ģڿ˴һʱ˿ʦҲȥԪ㳡š
ʦȥԪ㳡ʲôòΪˡ
꣡е·ȻԼĻѹԵС档

˪һԣе۸һͷȻɵתȥƼ˾ڹעλ洫ӡ
ľӪôãҲδõ˰ע⣬ĺҡŮһ͵õǵ
ƾʲôأ

˪ļʡ
ΪڽȺ˵Ȧӣѧϰ̬ҹҲ˯
츳ΪŬøָΪĵҩõ鱦ÿķ¡

˼ʮ꣬òײϵʮһλϣΪ뻯ֻһ֮ң
ľӪһ洫ӵĹϵ
ˣǷȻǸһ᰸磬δƹ
ôܡĺҡģôһ͵õȻ븵һ˵أ

ʦ㣬Ҳˡ
˪һֱԼߵĵҲˣ΢һ߬ɿ
ĺҡ⣬Ƽĺҡݣܽޡ㣬ɫӸЩ

ĺʦýյǳ˺һͷ˪ü۽ᣬкüλʦʦұԹˣ˵̫Ƕ򲻹ء

ĺҡԣƼһϮɫȹ˪üͷһѸӹ˪йصļ䡣
һȻǼ˪ġ

˪·еŮǣ¼Ҽ͵ʱ˽Ů
ɽУ֮УΨ¼ҼҼо

žͬΪ˽ӵԵɰɣ˪ԡ·ѩһ顣
ڡ·У¼ãһŮĽѩ⣬һѩҲ֪һӡһЩ

¼öʲôʡ͵ĵƣŮ֮˺ܶ⡣
鷳ǳ¼֮֡

ĺҡƼ˪ʱӦ˪ѩһ顢Ľѩ֮ĵӡ
ɼѲ˪ĽѩļתƵˣ

˼ˣĺҡⲻɫλʦ˵ʲô
˪ĺҡ⣬Ҳͬĺʦñһĺʦòɣ

ĺҡ⣬㣬ҾͲӦôҪҪ󣡡Ҷһ߶ĺҡ˵ţһЦſ˪
˪ΪҲ֪뷨һԪӤΪģȥ۸һڵʿôôأ

˪ӯӯ޹㣬ڵҾƼĺʦýһʱ̲סҪֱԱԡ
ַסԼıҵʱûô࣬ĺʦþùðգԲشӦ

ĺҡԣĬȻ˵ǽ·ԭĽѩ˪һתƵˣ
Ľѩⲻڴ˴Ծ͸

ĺʦòӦ𡭡˪ɫ͸żź֮⣬

ҵȻӦĺҡӦ
ƼһվŵҶΪӦĹĵ䴽Цޣв嶯أ

λʦ㡭ĺҡ⻽⽣ĵüλʦš
¼ң˪

֪ʦûһ£ĺҡƽ

˪΢üʶԼԪӤΪһССĽʿӦʲô̫⡣
ƼĺҡʱʶЩĻţʵʲô£

ˣóԽս

ʦûУ






43.  ʮ   ԶʦģĽ


˻һ, ˪άЦݣȴ̲סЦһȻǲŵġ
˻˵ԼԽսأ˵, ֤ơ
һȻ˶δԼԽս֮¹߹
ûĸԽս˲ǫġ

˪΢, ɤתڵĺʦ, Һû˵

δ䣬һ֪Ž۵Ȼĵԥһ˲, ʦ, ġλĺʦͬСʦһ, Խս뿼˴ȵġ

˪ʱס, ɫ
ƺûƼ˪飬ԾɼںܶӶ֪¡
ڿ˴ǰ, ĺʦû磬ǰ׽𵤳ڣձ˽С

ʶ̧˪, ˪ԼԾɫδĻʱֹסˡ

ֵʱ, һ;˽, ĺʮԽսӰǼ¼۵ʵ, ĵӶƼġ
ͬΪ½洫ӵվڲԶ, ˵š

ƺ˪ɫѿ, СʦֵӰ¼˹ۿĴһֱλӵһ, , ĺӰ¼ҹۿĴѾгԽ֮ơ
ָ˻ӣЦҲ²ա

׻δ, һֱЦݵ˪Ѿ׳ˡ
ţųĴ֮⣬츳

Ĵӵܣ㾡Դһһ츳ʿ
ǰʲôݶ㲻ϵˣ֮ǰǸŵӣôܻѸ٣

˪ţжͣĺҡ⻹δӦ֮ʱȳ֡
ΪˣһɣĺʦãսϿɲ˵׼ˣٸҪˡ


𣬽ѩĺҡݶȥ
·һ˲Ҫĺҡϡ

׻˵ʱƼǰһĻۣѿڶĺ㣬Сģ


һȴ⽣֪ںʱѾӳһƫ˪ϮǱס
ĺҡӿ˪ûϵѾӦ˲䣬Ǳ
˳ƻϣȥ

䣬⽣տ⻪
ͽȻһ䣬˪Ϯ͸ǣԲ֮ڷ

˪һʱûӦú˼
е˪ѩɫȹơ

ʦ˵òս֮ϣǲ˵׼ٳ֡ĺҡ⻰룬ѾٶȻӽϮ
տɨѩɫǷ貵Ĺ⻪

˪״ὣתģгײĺҡɨĽ⡣
ĺҡĽѾ˪ην֣δʹù⡣

ĺҡ״ɵ뵽·ж˪
ѰΣһԪӤ綼ܸ⡣
˪ĸ츳ߣ޷⡣ƽУĵӷһöҩףҪԶĵҩס
ҩֶȥ˪иȻȣ⡣

ĺҡٶȻӳһ뵽˪ʱϾ磬Ÿ˽⡣

˪߶Ž⹥ĺҡ⣬ȴĺҡǰֹЩӣ죬ǻȴǲѰ·ӣĥ͸
ԪӤΪȡʤѡ

۴ĺҡĽ⻯Σ֪ѾĿѩס
˪ƼЩ⣬ﲻ¶ɬ֮⡣
ǡҲͺˡ

ӵܶԪӤ硭ǽ𵤡⣬ΪʲôͲУ
ΪûЩӵ츳
ΪֻǸ˽ӣ

ġ
ŬӪôãòײŻص¼ңΪ¼С㣬õ¼ҵԴ뽣ڳΪһ洫ӣôܸܰһ֪ðŮӣ
ƾʲôҪŮȥķͷ

츳ϵѹѵĲܿ
һԪӤڵʿȻ򲻹һڵʿ

˪̧ȥֵƣкݾһ
ڵһӵ

ǡеӸܵ˪˿̵״̬ʦҪ򵽽ˣ
ʦ˽⣬ټԪӤڵΪλĺʦǱɣ

ǣ
Ȼԣɫδ䡣

Ҷ״ü
û뵽˪ȻΪһĺҡıԶ˽⣬֮࣬һֲ֪ʱĵӿ

һ˲ҶӦʶԼȻڵĺҡ⣬æޡ
ʲôȻʼĺҡˣ
ĺҡԼǿҪӦ飬ﻹҪ飬ĺҡⵣģ

ţҶʶָ߬⻹ǳ

Զʦ֣á
ҶʶȥԶѯĺҡ˪һԵԤ⣬תȥƼԶų⽣ĺҡ
Ŀ⼫עĺҡ⣬ȴ͸ĺҡ⣬ңң֮еĳһ˰㡣

Ҷ𴽣뵽⼸ȥԶʱ˸ա
˸Զʦֽȥ̫ȥƵ

̫ʲô
˵̫ϲԶʦҪ֮ˣ

ҶջĿ⣬ٶ̧һϮѩȹĺҡ⣬˼ʲôһͻȻץסһ˵֡
Ľѩ⡣

һҹĺҡޣùݵ󣬻ȻȥĽѩ

Ľѩ⣡
Զʦģ̫ϵĽѩ⣡

Ҷ뵽˴ѹƽЩ
ʲô벻ˡ
ԡԶʦֶĺҡĹΪԴĺҡⳤĽѩɡ

Ҷһʱ䲻ɵΪԼĺҡôãԼ˶


Ҷ˼֮ʱϴ
̧ȥ΢ȴ͸ż֮ɫ

ϣ˪˽⣬һɨգֳ̧
ȴһ˲ĺҡһת⽣ջأٶȳ֮ʱӿ

Ʈİѩͣͣڰ֮У仯ǴӴʱ
⻯ѩףת˲ĺҡе⽣ˡ

ĺҡѾվۣ˪ȴٴа̧г
һ˲⽣ӳһտ⻡
һĹӰ

ֵ˪гնǼĹӰһص𣬷εĽгһ㡣
˪гһƫһ

ĺҡָ߬⣬⽣ݳȥȻƽ˪

˪гᴹƻδӦһ㣬૵ղʲô
ƾһ˽⣬ټԼԪӤڵΪôˣ

ǡ򡣡
ԶĺҡƼֻ֮ԼܵĴڣ૵

貣лΪΣǽ򡭡εĽૻΡ
һնɱ֮У

Һõǣֻһԡ
ĺҡ˪ûɱ⡣
սϣ˪ôģ֪

Զ˻һڶһûһ㣬ŷӦ˵ǡ򡱶֡

ǵýʿʹóǽǴ޶Ķ֮Уġ֮ˡ

˪͵³һѪ
Ҳ֪ˣΪԼò˽⣬ȴ˶ˡ

ĺҡ⾹Ȼ˽






44.  ʮ   Сʦ棿


ҶƼ˪Ѫ, æɣ˪ԪӤڵΪ۸˼һڵ, Ҳ˵, Ȼˣ
֪ģΪ㱻۸أ

˪, ɫ΢ˡ
ô, Ҷǵһμ˪ò, ɵֻòǱĵѪ˰ɣ

˪ͱò, Ҷһɿ, ˿̴ɫ԰Ҵš

ĺҡ⽣, ֵʦ㣬ˡ

ʱʱӲŴʲǳзӦ, ׷׿һϮѩ׳ȹĺҡ⣬ɫ, Ȼ͡
ĺҡԽ𵤾Ѱ޸޷Ľ, ڽ֮һ, ʵ츳

˲뵽˴ǰĺҡ֮, Ʃ硰ŵӡƿˡȵĳƺš
ӿ˴ȿʼ, ˿ĺҡѾΪ½洫ӵһ, ҲɵøпĶࡣ

Ŀĺҡ, ԼԶɫ԰׵˪Լͬĵ
˪Ѱܣĺҡ˳ƶ, ˿Ѿλ洫ϵʮһ

Ҫ֪ڵ洫ǰʮһɽУ֮ͬоž֮
洫ǰʮҲΪԪӤĵӡ
ĺҡ⣬һ֮ǰǽŵӵĽʿһԾϣλ洫ϵʮһ
ǰʮһ֮ң

ΪĺҡղһԶ޲֮ʱһڡˡ½洫ӵ̽Ҳӽβ
ǰ뿪ѩ֮⣬ʮһ˪֣ĺҡ֣֮½洫ӻʤܣյĵʱȶ

ĺҡⴹ˼Ÿղ˪֮ʱʹָ
ѩһʣػؾʱеĽҡ

ʱĽڽϵɡ
ʱĽңѧĳġ

򣬱һ֮ġ
ѩԣΣجΣԣƾ

ͬǽʣѩĽѩͬһ֮УѩĽѩڹȥ֮֡
ʼնһԹߣԹ۹ȥӲ֡

ֵȥڡ

˼ˣĺҡⲻ뵽˴ǰڽλǰ
ǳйʱĶ򣬻Ҳ׳ⳡʡ

ֵʱ洫Ƽ˸һĨ⻪
˳µˣ

ʱ½洫ʱ䣬սһս洫ضѪ
ǡ洫ϵʮһλá

˼״׷̽ʶûԼĵУ硣

һ½洫ЩãȻĳ洫Լÿ¸֮½һ
ֲŵǰѾķǣһԽ硣

½洫ӽһ˲洫ϻ£¼ս

ĺҡԣżԼһʶѾУ㽫Լһʶһͬ̽Լĵ֮С

УԾĿѩס
ʶϵһ˲ĺҡ۳Խʵ

ĺҡ̧ȥ㷢ԼѾһ񽣹֮

ѩ㸲׷ɡ
һϵͳԣڴ˵أżȻ
˵ضȻʲôܣҪڴ˴

һĶʮ֮ȡǣħȥ
Ǵ˵ѹЩʲôбԭ

ĺҡվԭ˼ţȴʼδҵؼ֮
֪䣬ѩѾ
Я˿˿ķѩ£Ϊת˲١
䣬־Լ˳ӯ֮С
ǽ׵ǰס

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡ΢Ŵѹȥ
ǽ׹죬һֻ
иԣἫΪȡ
һѾԹиȵĿˣһԲٷִ

ĺҡѰһδҵκܣһҪ֮¡
ղŸһ˵ǽ洫

洫Ķ
УȻ̫ʿ룬ҲģһҲƲŶԡ

ĺҡԼһ˿Ծ
òǽط˰ɣ

˼ˣĺҡ⽫ʶ̽ӳȥ
̽ţããѩƲκһӰ
ص̽ȥ

ѩĺҡһѩ½ǷɣԼõ⡣
Ǽ˲䣬΢٣˷֡

ڱѩԭصףȻһѩ
ѩɱ񹹳ɣӨ͸ӭ

ĺҡ⽫ʶӣ˳ѩıԵС̽š
ԼƬӺ󣬲ҵѩڡ

ѩ׹䣬ӳ׺Ĺ
͸Ө͸ѩڣ嫣Ϣչʾѩ׳ء

ĺҡʶƼѩüͷ
ʶǴ˾磬ȴ޷ѩȫò
ǻʿǰѩֲˣ

˼ˣĺҡ⳯ѩڷȥ
һӺѩǰ

ֱʱһѩڣĺҡŸܸо˼׳֮
ĺҡ⻺̧֣ѩ֮ʱĺϢơ

ᴹ䣬¶ĺҡѩҲĨϸī¶
Ĩīл䡣

Ҳһ˲ͻ
ѩн˲˵Ĩħ

лµħ˽⣿
ĺҡӳͬʱӹͷ

һ˲֪ΪΣ˲콣ͻأ֮ͣУִ֮ơ

ĺҡ⻺̧ȥ
͸ѩУƼѩ֮еһӰ
һϮ򵥰£ް廷Я
˵òȻÿüĿһȥƲĿ⡣

ĺҡעġȴѩ˵һͷưѩ㸲㣬ȾѩΪȾԶ׺쳾䡣
ֵĳ

ĺҡڰ֮Уѩеңң
ŵһĨ񻪡

ԼʱҶ͸紫ϣ˲

ĺҡ⣿ڷʲôȥôˣôûأҶ

ĺҡָ塣
ڸղţλ˵еĽСʦˣ

мǸˣǽڵλСʦ棿
λŵСʦ棿

ĺҡ΢ŴشҶʱų¡
ղȥǸطҲһ硭

ҸղˣδüСĺҡ͵
Щ֣ʵô֪һû磿

Ҷ΢̧°ͣƺĺҡ̫ڼ򵥣üⲻ֪洫ϵʮһ˪֤㻹û磿
˵գ̧ĺҡ⣬ߴٵЩȥ

ĺҡ⽫ɻѹ£ͷӦá
ٴ̽ʶûԼĵУǰһ䡣
ԶɽлҪŨӭ

̧ܴš
۴һԪ㳡ĵط
㳡һߴʯƣҲͬڵʵơ
һж뽣ڼΪƣս㡣

ͬһʱ̣ҶҲٶȽУĿתתǿʯ͵Ҳʵ
ĺҡʼһڴ˵أеʵѾϢ¼ڱУѸٸ˽洫

ĺҡָһʵĩβλѩ֮ϣһ·Խһһͣ˪֮ϣ
ͬʱ˪µһ˵ʮ

Ҷۿĺҡһ·ѹ˪棬Ϊĵͷһ洫£һᳬġ

Ҷһķźݻ

ĺҡԣʵѰҶ֣һ·£Ҷڵʮϡ
ϤЩִ洫ϲͬλϡ

ʵۡҲߴλϣȻ类˽һ㣬ţʮۡ

ĺҡ뵽Щʲôʵ濴ȥƼѩ֡
һλ






45.  ʮ   ˲Сʦ棿


洫, ԽǰԽҫۣһķȻ͸Ž, ˺ӶС
λһѩ, ޹⣬Сصȥ, ѩ֡

ڡ·ԭУѩɲֹôĽѩΪ˪һս, ֱԾ洫ϵʮһ, ǰʮ, һ֮ң

һ, һжˡ

ĺҡ洫ԼǸ֣˲
Ȼ, ֪Ӻʱεؿʼϵͳ·ʧһ㣬ΪƫӦĳͷ

ҶƼ洫ϵʮһ, ʶȥơĺҡ⡱ֺβ׺ֿһ֡
ʵĺҡ, 㻹ûҪŷеһ𣿡

洫, ׺
Ȼ, һȡ
ҶǰѾ˸üһ, Ҳδʲô뷨, ѡΪ΢洫, Լҵ¡

ĺҡҶἰ, ̧ٶȿ洫ϵĸ
洫δзģ޷Ǿʮ½洫Ӷѡ

ʮ½洫֮УҶԶ, Ѿ£ķҲѾ֮

뿼˴ȽŹȥգʮ½洫Ӿֻδѡ
ѩ󣬸һԼ

Ҷ΢̧°ͣߵҶѾ΢ˣ㻹ô
Ҫ֪ԽܻõԴͲôˡ

Ҷ룬ͻȻ뵽˴Ƚһվŷ֮Ҫĺҡ֮£΢٣ƳԼɡ

ĺҡԣᴹָ⣬ǿ塣
ڴǰ˵ڽСʦЩӦ

дн⣬ֻڼ佣֮ʱŻж
Ҷն˵֮ԡ

ĺҡⲻ˼ǰ繹ıѩԭǸˣǽڴ˵еλСʦ
ǣڰʾλСʦڱѩԭ֮У

ҶҲûٶ˵Щʲô뵽ԼǰΪĺҡ£䲻ӵǸֻðĴµǸ

˼ˣҶеʵֻǽڲ洫ܹģڰ֮ڲ洫Ӷܿ

Ҷһ˵ţһߴĺҡ߽ʵָ㣬ʵϵڵ洫ĺҡǰ

ĺҡ̧ȥһ洫ϵһǸ֡ġ
ģڵһĴڣδ𡭡ͬʱǰݵĽѩʯȹµһԱ

ڡ·ԭУĵӵģһһŴϾĵĲմȾ׳ȴԸΪĽѩʥ̳Ϊ֮㵹
覵ʣϾĵĵӣƺŸһ԰㡣
ԭУƿһŵģԼĸ׳ŮĽѩߣѾѩ

ǡ·ڲųֵĽѩ޽޽չ޵תڲϵġ
ĺҡһĲδཻ̫ʣϾĳ֮ʱѾħȥħ硣

˼ˣĺҡ̲סһθп·һġ
ĽѩߵзΪ֮㵹֮ԽԽ࣬ΪʾŮɡ
ΪӣúһҲð

Ҷָŵ洫ĵ֣ģڴʦ֣ΪֻСӦòࡣ
ͬһĵУҲֻ˸һܴܿĵӶѡ

䣬ٲȻһǵôȵùǽء˼

Ҷ˶ָ⣬һŵ洫
ȥҲֻнڵ洫϶һЩΪ츳Ϊϳˡ

һսİ񡣡
Ҷ֣֣صһ͵ֻڰµʿݼӢϡ

ݼӢݰʿΪսʹ÷ȷ棬ۺжϣγɵһ
һʿʵŷһ񣬽ɽаµӵۺսݼӢС

ĺҡ⾲ҶĽͣڵ൱ڡڲ洫ֻһŷΧһɽ緶Χ

ҶһӣȻҪȣȻֻԼڲÿɽС

أĺҡƼݼӢһģҲǷȻ
洫һҲɽݼӢһ
ģݼӢڶ
һλɢޣκġ
ţ븵һݼӢԾɽ׷š

ĺҡһȥݼӢǰʮ֮඼ǳڽڣϰǰʮֻˣΪһӡ
κɢ⣬ݼӢǰʮһ

˿ɽеĳλȻԡ

ݼӢϣҹĻ¾һ財
һʢǾž޵űĴ
Ⱥͬҫô˺ֻʣһͷΪͨһأ
ʣЩҫǳ˰㡣

ӽ֮𡭡ݵ֮£
ħձһЦ߱ħնɱ
Ⱥͬҫ󣬾Ȼֻʣһ

˭ɱЩǣ

ǡһı
ĺҡĬȻ˵

Ҷ̧°ͣᴹ꣬ҶȻܵݼӢǰʮ
ĺҡͷƴЦģġ

ͬҶֹҲֹסЦ⡣
Ŵ֮ŻУʵɽһɽͬ

ͬǣУſԸĻᣬҲſǰεЩħսĻᡣ
Щɽ޷͸ܵġ

ԽӴľʷ׳ʣĺҡΪʮ֮ı̾Ϣ
ǰ̽Ѱʮ֮ԭǲǾŬһЩֹķأ

ĺҡ΢ȴ˼ǰĽ֮£ɫ΢
ĽңȲˡ
磬ҲȲ

絶һնȴ
ǡ˭Ҳ޷Υɡ


ᰡ
ĺҡݼӢϵÿһ֣ĵš

ǡ
ĺҡųУҪȥѩԭʲôݾ𣿡
Уɽʵ֮Уⱱѩԭһȥġ

Ҷԣȴǳɿڵѩԭѩԭһ·̣ΪѾ˻񾳽磬ҵʱա
ڣֻǸڵʿûҪΪһضȥѩԭ

ĺҡЩ⣬üѵûʲôķһͳеıѩԭȥ

ֽݾܡҶ̲סƾڵΪʶû

ʶ
ʶ

ĺҡҶԣ뵽Щʲô
ͬҶ̸ٶȽʶ˳С

ʮһĿ˴űڽĽĻ

ҹҹˮ
һշ˺ܶ飬ĺҡԾܾʱҹͣԼ洫˳

ĺҡǽԼȫʶͶ洫֮Уʶٶȳ֮ǰǿʵǰĹ㳡ϡ
洫ϣ洫ӵҹɫҲΪۣ˸ʣĿ財
ϵǸ֡

ҲѹְȻ˵ʲôҲϵڽһΡ
̫ͷˡ

ĺҡ㽫ʶ˳뵽ԼʶǱֲ²⣬һνԼǿʶһΪһʶû洫С
һ䣬ͽȻһ䡣

ĺҡƾһʶٴνǰڱѩԭѩС
ѩ䣬»ˮշ޾ѩɫУԽס

Ȼʶķԡ
ĺҡƼǰĿѩɫĬȻĵ

ʹȫʶľС
ֻʹһʶĴ˷硭

ĺҡԼ洫ƣ̧
һ紵һӰɫ֮µѩԭϡ

»һϮڳۣ°ֵĹӰɫҲֲʡ

Ӱ»֮£ҲĺҡƼ˵ݣȴһ
һννУѩ֮ˡ
ֻǡͬǣͷ޵˪ѩ׷ɫ£īںڣͬ棬ֱᴵЩ

ͷ
Ѳɻı仯仯
ĵʱѩɫĵʱīɫ
ǰ׷ҹǺڷ

ĺҡ˵ݣʲô̫һˣȴֺûʲôһƵġ
һڤڤ֮еĸоΪǰ֮˾ǰλʦİ׷ѩˡ

һ˲ĺҡȻͣס˽Ų΢٣üͷ
ǿ塭
δκηӦ

˲Сʦ棿






46.  ʮ   Ұ統Ҹ硭


, λѩʱйЩ
ʿһ˿ĶĴ

񡭡
ĺҡ, ͸ЩŹֵ, ָḲ壬ȴδκζ

, ǰ˲ǽλСʦ棿
˼ˣĺҡڽ, ǰ

Īǰ, , ȹ, ϶ġ
֮ĺҡһ, λǰֻǾûҪߵ˼

ǣĺҡٴγǰ, иǡ
˵գתȥ, Ÿһת, ǰӹһӰ, סȥ·

λĪǰվĺҡ뿪ķ, ˫īÿӾ

ĺҡŲ΢, 뵽Ī⡢ΪǰȽϹ, תת, һȥ
߳ʮಽٴλͷ㷢λǰɲԶĸࡣ

ĺҡᴹָǿ, գۣеֶ֮࣬ڰʱòȫ֮˲˸ɻ
Һô˴磬λǰκһ˵˳ǡ

ĺҡԼļ䣬ȥѰѩ
֪˶֮ѩڸͣ˽Ųתһֱλǰ

ǰ𣿡ĺҡγ

λǰĿƣѩڣڵҪȥ
ִʯõ䣬ͬһ㡣

ʣĺҡֻڰλǰϼ
Ƭָ̣ŲԶѩڣ磬ȥһ̽

λǰ˳ĺҡָָķٶȥطˡ
ĺҡƲ⣬ǰ˼ﲻ硣

˫ƽĺĺҡ⣬˳ǹġ
΢ŴϲδĺҡԶκβҪȥ磬ʶ룬ֻһʶ
Ҳû˵Ҫĺҡϳȥ

ĺҡԣɻķһʶУ
ǡ

ǡ
ĺҡʱ̧Ƽǰ˵飬ͻȻһ˿⡣
һʶ˴ֿġ᲻һʶһʶ

ȥλǰƻĿ⣬ٶȿĺҡ⣬㲻ȥ
ĺҡɵǰĵ𣿡

ǰĺҡѩĨīߣɫеһγЩ
ϵϢ̫ӣħз˵ϢбϢĽⲻ㿿ġ

ἰħʱλǰƺҲûκ뷨
˲ħʱضһʱ
ȻλǰʲôҲûἰħѰ֮

ĺҡظܵλǰڿħһ˲ͽȻתơ
ǶħȴͬЩ콣ͻأȻֹһ㣬ӲĨѹȥ

ħлħ
˵ϢڷȻǸ

ĺҡλǰ˵Ĺؼһ뵽˰ЩĽ⣬ȴȻֹĳ
ǰʵЩǰ裿

ֵʱ޾ѩԭ֮һ⣬ߴϡ

뿪ɡǰĿ⣬ԶԾϵ⣬ҹЩⲻܿƣ˵ġ

ĺҡԣɻ
λǰشʡ˴ǰ⣬֮˵Щⲻܿƣ˵

ĺҡ⻹˵Щʲôʱȴ⽻ʴһƬѩʶڴʱһţҪصʵɽȥ
ʶɢһ˲λһϮµǰֶһ̤ٲ֮Զ

׹λǰīյѩѩ㸲

һ˲ĺҡʱȴȻӿЩ
վǰȥƿƼͶڣ˳˼֮С

ڸղһ˲䣬һܡ
λǰһͷƶī֮ʱȴīɫ˪ѩһİ׷

λǰòˣɾˣ
ĺҡⴹһȻŵĻ֦ȷĲ²

һԸҹһԸ
뵽λǰҹѩԭУĺҡеĲ²⣬ԽЩ϶

˼ˣĺҡתţڴ΢ҵҶ

λСʦ𣿡ĺҡʵڿĻ棿
Ҷԣͷһ洫֮ʱСʦһ档

ڲδСʦĻ棬Ҷ˼ĺҡҪѰСʦ棬ȡīСʦģĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ״ҶͣıʼϣҲδҶκζ
ʼ⴦һīֽ档

ĺҡɻ

ҶʽãȴԼСʦļһ˲Ȼģࡣ
ѾǲСʦˡ

ʱ̫ԶҺǲ̫СʦˡҶüͷҡҡͷ

ĺҡԣ֡
ҶǴΪʿôּܻģ

ĺҡⴹ⣬ϣֽԼŵǿȡҶʵأ

Ҷɫ΢ڸղһ˲ԺеЩСʦйصļٶ˲١
ʣʼֽϣ𽥹ճһī

פϷĻͻأһƣ
췣ֵԤס

ͬʱĺҡɫ΢һ˲
ǿ彻ظҶһ̣δϤʹٶϮԺϵͳεεΡľ

棡棡ƫ룡

ĺҡ΢Ŵɫ԰ֽ
ĿתҶµīʹһδԡ

Ҷÿճһµıīɱīһ˲ʧ
ʼգ޷ճһĻ

Ҷ췣ĶҲƼԼʼ޷͵Ļüͷ
գͣ˱ʣҲǿ塣

ĺҡָ⣬ǿԵ֮ʱԺϵͳľȻһͣʧӰ٣Ǵûгֹһ㡣
ǼδԾЩʹΪһ

ԭϵͳûʧǱλСʦнѹˡ
ϵͳλСʦһ֮£ˡ
˵úÿ졣

ĺҡ⻺̧֣ǿ߬ԼУ˼

ҶɳҡСѣѰСʦ֮»һЩⷢǲ£ڡ
ĺҡһҶ֮ԣȻһҵλСʦġ

֮£Ƽ˰ϵͳϣ
ǲΪԽߣϵͳԽأ
ֶһҪҵλСʦɡ

˼ˣĺҡ⿪ڵ㵱λСʦʱСʦΪڴ֮𣿡

ҶƼĺҡϼᶨ飬̾һ͵֮ϣǴ˵е򡣡

ɽУҲʮ˶ѡ
ʿ޼
Ѿڴ˾ǧ֮ãҲδѰκ̤

꣬ҼСʦ֮ʱСʦѾ̤ܾˡҶ¶
ĺҡԣ֮ϵΪϹʱѾܹϽˣΪСʦʱ򲻷ɽأ

ҶҡͷʱҲͬʱΪһ֪Сʦǵأ

ĺҡⴹ˴̯ģԼеǿ壬˵ǲֻҪ̤򣬾ܳװϵͳĿأ

򡭡
һδ˵ȼ

ʮ֮ͨ·
ɽ˺ǧ䣬֮УֱĽѩʴ֮ͨ·ΪһλΪķߡ

ʱѾСʦأ
Сʦ汾ʲô

ĺҡĬðβŽзҵ˼׿
Σֻǡ

Ϊˡ
һգ̤ġ

ԭΪСʦµĻƼСʦһʣŽ彻ġ
Ҷ֮УЦȴ֪Ǻ㣬ǰ㡣

Ѱ½洫ӵһµʱѡһѰСʦ֮¼ΪãĶʣѾҲöȰ˵㡣
סǷҵСʦ棬΢Զ㿪š

ĺҡԣڵɫӹһ˿ӣȴǶһΪ洫ʮľԽ⡣

ǣΪһֻ֡·ԭڽɶʮ֮õľأ

˼ˣĺҡ⿪ʵһɻܾˡ
ʲôһ£ǻᱻ

ôܻ֣Ҷʶ
Ƽĺҡ飬΢˲˼Ҫǡֻһ֡

ħˡ

Ҷ˿˵ĸĺҡһЩǴΪȴܲħȥЩ໥ӡϡ

Ϊǣħˡ

һħΪڶʮ벻Ϊ¡
ҶҲ̫ܻԤδķ

ֻħ֮ˣŻᱻҶ϶ħŻᱻɽУħߣԵɣᱻ

ҡСѿ֪ǰħħɽһսһսɽϹʱڵ״̬ʹ˥䡣

ҶħħΪһսҽλܽһսС

ҡСѻ֮УкˣҲлˣħ֮УҲкħ뻵ħɵһսУħɽħʲôĴ֮ħ

ڵ꣬Ҵû˺һδɽħ

Ҷĺҡ⣬͵ҡСҲصǣħ磬ħڵһսҲĻԻͣʱڲдս

ҡСҼһУΪᶨ֮ˡ

ħҲãħҲãĺҡСҲ˺޹֮˵ľٶ

ʱ뿪΢ʱĺҡԾ˼š
Ҷһδ⿪ɻ󣬷ʹɻЩ

վԪ㳡ϣĺҡŸƵʵ
ħҲãħҲա
һе磬ɽ磬ħ磬û̫ĹС
ǸԹ߶ѣͬѩһеԹ߰㣬ȴ

һ·УĽҸԭһֱɽйеġȻʧȥ˼䣬ħ磬ȴɲһеҪػɽ硣
󣬻صɽʮ꣬ȴһһĥˡɽĹУʱڳħ

ʵǰʱڴˣʵ
ĺҡվʵǰеӾϳǽдžϲ֮ɫк

ĺʦãϺѽ

һľԹߣͬһʹ΢ġѾľĸо㣬˼䣬ȴ˼ţȻ
һ̶ˮУͶһʯӣ

ĺҡӭĿ⣬䴽Цʦ㣬Ϻá
֣ʵӴطĻơ

ĺҡһǰһ
ĲͬɵÿʼɣһЩνġ·飬ʵģٵģ

һԭһȺͬҫĻƽʢǲǵ˺֮ͨ·Ͼνġ·߽ң𽥱һ̶ˮ㣬ݽ

ԣŻڼһ콣֮ʱ
ҹĻէֵһ˲ǳһҫۡ

⽣һ˲΢΢ͬӦһ㣬տ⣬繲á

ĺҡջ֣۽ⴥϵŵ壬˼λСʦɽУǲʲô
Ѿ漰״̬ǳأ

˼Ƭ̺ĺҡҡҡͷѹȥ
ȻλСʦǰѩԭȥһ˱ѩԭǡ



̫ϣĽѩԺгţȻʧã¶ȥĺҡ⡣
Ժнշŵӣӹһ˿֮ɫȴŵת뿪ԺС

̫壬ĽѩƬּ䣬еڻ֡

ѩʦá

һϮ£ϸܵѹ½ǴǴĺĻϡ
Ŵ廨ѣǼΪΥ͵ģһϮ´ϣȴΪʺϣͬΪһ㡣

ü־£һĨЦݣЦĽѩ⣬ŹʵѩʦҪȥδ

Ľѩ⿴ᰣ뵽öʹ¶ͭǮȥһˡ

˭
ĺҡ⣬һ֪סںδ

ˣѩʦã֪λĺʦסںδ
ᰴЦ۲תΪѩʦô·

Ľѩ΢ŴƺЩԥ㡣
üͷЦѲɡѩʦþһʲô˼𣿡

Ľѩҡҡͷ뵽˴ڲλʦִ·Ӧòʲô£Ӧлʦ֡

·ϣ״ἰһգҼѩʦΪ·ǣˣ

ҾҪȥˡĽѩ
ˣҲþҪѩʦÿԸͬУʵ

Ҫȥ硭

λ׸һҪУǳЦŴĽѩĻü΢ɻ㣬ҼǵѩʦĽе򰡡

Ľѩԣɫ΢ף뵽һһݵʣгԾĿ㡣
Ȼֱӵ뷨ҪͬΪ¡
һУý㿴ˡ

ǰ
Ľѩʶ᰿˵ѩĻַӦҡͷֻǡֻǱȽѡ
һ𳤴󡣡

ü΢ԭ÷𡭡

Ľѩٶҡͷǡ
Խǲȥ䣬еһĻĻԽĴԺ֮У޷ȴ㡣

ֻǰ統Ҹѡ
Ľѩڶ᰽ͣڶԼ˵Ƶġ






47.  ʮ   ص䡭


Ȼ, Ҳλ籨
ĵѩʦ˵ˣǼ֮, λӦҲᷴԡ

Ľѩ, ࣬һСԺ⡣
ֵ, λĺʦñסġ

Ľѩԣ̧ȥ, , żֳ벻
һ, ȥ, ָ⴦ӳһĨڶСԺŲࡣ

Ĩû, ȴһֱδж
Ľѩ⾲վǰá

䣬һĨѶ, С
᰽ӹƬ̺ϴЩź֮ɫ, Ҹղһλʦȥλĺʦõȥ, λʦ˵ʱǰ, λĺʦѾ, ȥˡ

𡭡Ľѩ૵

ѩŮзЩˮ, ׷ɫ, Խֳ֮

ᴹ, Ľѩ⣬һڵĺʦ, ڲ
Ҳ²⣬ͬΪ½洫ӣλĺʦòһ֮ƶؾ֮С

ƶؾ
Ľѩ۽ͬѻСȣɣüĿ͸Ŷԡƶؾɻ

ʦ֣ƶؾںδĽѩɵ

ƶؾɽдġеϹؾ֮һֻиڵĺĵӲӵнƶؾʸ񡭡

᰽ƶؾ˵˵ֵǸΪδϵĺĵӣƶؾʱһ̽

ἰֻиŵĺĵӲʸƶؾʱĽѩԭ΢ĺ˲٣뵽Լ

ڿ˴ϣδܳΪ½洫ӣȻʧһԺȥƶؾĻᡣ
һƶؾǰ֮

ʧλᣬᶪʧԵġ
һſ˴Ƚͬ˵֮Ծ

Ľѩ⽩ԭûг
㸲ĽѩշԼͶƬӰúһԼڵҲһ֮ڳȥˣȵƶؾ֮ʱٻ㡭ĺҡ⡣

䴽ЦѩʦÿԸͬɽ
ĽѩԼһѩ½ǣлʦ֣һԼһԡ

㶼ܹһѵֻñͬŲſԳȥ
ĽѩŴǣĵ

ᰵ鱻ܾȴδ˶ŭʧ䣬䴽ˣҲض˵ˡ
ֻɽ֮û׼ѩʦԵܻϵġ

Ľѩû֮Էϣͬ󣬱̫壬ȥһλʦ㴦ȡҩ
߽ԺУվڷǰʱѩһӵĽ̸վԶЩš

ѩͣ¡
ĽѩܿƼ߳ݡ

硣
ĽѩŰɫƿ߽ڣѩɲ԰׵ɫӹۡ
еҩݹȥȥϵ˱ˮ磬ǽյҩ

ѩӹҩȴȿĽѩ⣬ţŽǡ
Ľѩɵͬ飬ôܴأ

šѩƽţ㲻š

Ľѩԣʶ̧ײ˫ƽĺУеָ⾷Ƶ¡
ԾģԺֻǰз֮¡

κĽѩŴǣܿѩĿ⣬͵ֻǲ뵢¡

һסĻġ
˵գĽѩ⽫оˮݹȥ磬ȳҩɡ

ѩԹҩĽѩ磬ɽȥ
Ļû˵꣬ͱѩϣѩüУ

Ľѩ̧дЩã֮ɫƺΪʲôɽȥ
ѩĽѩãƽԼȻƺЩˣһȥ𣿡

Ľѩ⶯˶⶯ȴһܿռϷ硣
һ˳ȥԵġ

ѩ֣סĽѩļ磬ƵˣǰĽҵʱĻˣڡ

Ľѩѩѩ˶ݲ٣βĨɫ
ڴˣұҲڴˡ

ʹ£Ľѩָ߬⣬ҧ꣬ͷãҵ硣

֮ĽѩⲻǶֻһѶѩ󣬱뿪š

յѶʱѩѾһӰ֪˴¡
ѶκŴѶ

ѶдĽѩ磬˼˼գǾԼһȥһʱ䡣Ѿˣһ˶ȥеһˡ

ѩûһ㣬ָ΢£Ѷظ˺üΡ
ʱĵѶ⻪Űݡ

֮ѩȥƳ
ˣҲѧƭˡ



һգĻϴ繡
Ρɽ䣬Ϫʹҫ£ˮ⡣Ϫ峺ζɼ
ż

˴ɽ뱱ӴһС򸽽
ĺҡվڴ˴۱ʡ
뿪ɽ󣬵գա

ĺҡٶȳܿٽС
СԶɽǳʥǵȣ䷱̶ֳȣȴһδ

ɽ뱱ӴΪҪһؿ
СУӵһ󡣿ͨ˿󣬴Χȥ

ĺҡƾԼƽСУڴպһκѰһڽµĿջס

洫ӵƣɽиռмơʳסз棬洫һЯġۿ
ðײá

Ҫ˵Ҳ
ɽУ޶һΪһѾʯΪ֮ͿԼļҵס

ɽҪ˵ǮҲǮ
ڲҵ鲼£΢嵥ɽĴҵķҵᲢۡ

ĺҡ⽫洫óջƹ񿴹󣬿ջƹæΪһĶСԺʳҲһӦȫ

ҹɫʱĺҡÿյ⽣ȡԼơ
ָᴥ̵·˳˼˼ڴ

ƬӺĺҡתص䣬ǰ۽΢䣬洫̽Լһʶ
о仰ԽǲģһԽĪĳ嶯ȥ̽

һʶ̽롣
ĺҡʶʵڷѩ֮أѩס̹ǵ紵һ½𣬷˿

ĺҡǰ˼һɲݷʶ
ûλǰǹת˲佫ɽʵ֮С

ҡҷ£ĺҡԽ޶ˡ
ʶʶʲôüָԼһ¡

ǹɲݷλϡŹֵǰ°ɣ
ĺҡ²ţܿ̽һʶû֮С

˵һĺҡǴռдգ۵˲䣬һڿռڽգ۵˲䣬ͱ˳

˷κһαǹɲݷĺҡȻ˫ۣһƬȻ¡
ַһܡ

ĺҡٶ̽һʶǴռС
⻷һ䣬ѩ֮ء

һΣƺΪĺҡⲻȰ룬Ŵܽ⴦ռ䣬λǰ޿̣Զ
λǰһϮ£ֱֵīȣԨsš

ĺҡ⹰ǰ
йλǰųҲ˵˴̽Ѱˡ
˵գûĺҡⷴӦǰλǰԽˣʶԽϤ

ûǴռϴһӣĺҡⱻҲδе١
ڳ̽Լʶڵ״̬Խоˡ

˵ǰʶͬһƬɼĴ󺣣ڽҹŴʶǴռƬڿʼϸ΢ı仯
һʯͶƽ޲Ĵ֮УֻͶżһ˿

ʱϸ΢һ仯Ȼ󲨵Դͷ
ʱһΪˣʶѾκεı仯ˡ
ûб仯û˽
޽̸Ϊ

ɶζŽס
ʶı仯ζž

ڸղţһ㼸޵ı仯Ǳĺҡ׼ȷ׽ˡ
һϸ΢仯Եɡ
ûв´ĻʶڽǴռλǰʶ໥ֿ֮¶ġ

ͬһҪʶͱЩʶԿ
ʶʿֻ̽Ѱܡ

ɽУʶֶǧǧȴϹʱĲư汾ЧҲ

ҵһִʶõķôܲȥһأ
ң˾ǰ֡ǶѵһĻᡣ

˼ˣĺҡסԼƣһʶٶ̽ǴռС
ȻϣûƬ̣ǹϮĺҡʶ

Ƶһ룬λǰƺǲʲôʶĺҡǶսãϢͣһ˲

Ʈİѩĺҡһûȵλǰٴζ֣ü̽Եĳʵǰ
κȥǴѩڼȥ

ʱĺҡѩڽаٲʱǹԽϤٶϮ
һΣĺҡƬӣűȥ

ĺҡۣһ˲ٶ̽ʶ
λǰƺǾ뵡ˣһʼǰֻҪĺҡһ㽫ǵȵĺҡҪѩǰľԽʱų֡

ʮΣĺҡԴԾִ˲ƣ
ʱĳһΣһ̤ѩڵľԽڣ˲䴥Щ⣬λǰٶ

ĺҡˣܿȫ̧ƼһϮµǰǰ
ˣûȥϢˡ

ĺҡ˼һ˲ƺǾԼյˣƣŵͷлǰǰҲΡ
˵һУŻλǰһ仰

λǰ˵ˡ
仰˼ҲִʶΪˣ

λƽֿɿɺõĴǰ

ĺҡ
˼֮ʱǹϤٴϮһΣûʧС

Ρ
ĺҡʧѩأʱѩһкۼ޺ۣתȥ

ѩڼ䣬һϮīһƬѩ׼Ϊۡ
˵أЩѩΪѩš

ڿտžޱȡ
ѩͶһϮµΪȾ˪һĺ䡣
һͷīУɢ

֮У߻֯ʵһ·ľ

ʰһһۻԼ䡣
ص䣬סֽŵ̾ߣڡ
ڴ֮ϣ֮졣

ī٣ɢ

Ρ
ݷ˵






48.  ʮ   ⻰ǵٴ㡭


ʱ, ĺҡʶ߬ԼеƣϸŽҹջ
ʶͶһöʯĴ󺣣˿˿ƵЩ֮, Լ͸żϢĲ

˼Ƭ, ĺҡ̧ϵһڡ
ֱʱ, ǰǴռһԵƣ糱ˮϯ˯⡣

˼λǰʱ, ĺҡᴹ, ˴ǰ
ٱ˯ǰ, Ρ
˵, ûƬ̣ʶ𽥳֮С

ξ, ĺҡƼһǵ⣬տ, 繺
һ

˵޵ƷԿԴĽ⿴
ǽɽ𣬵Ī, ȴ貵, ǳġ
, 

һѰԴͷĪо, ĺҡҹξ
ʱէֵһ˲, ѹ, ҹ, ֻİ

⻹һ˺Ρ
ҹǾ䡰ΡеЧġ
ĺҡ˵, ָԼʩ˵ྻȥ⡣

ҪղŻἯпһΡ
ջܹСйһ䡣
ôĺҡ⻽⽣Ժ˽

ʱʱĺҡתӹ⽣תԺȥ
ջڣĺҡѰһ¥λãСЩʳһƷţһŴ˵ۡ

ϾÿһطջݽռطϢĺȥ

ջڣ֮£ǽ顣
磬½޽ʥؽʮһĿ˴ȣڽڽ
Ҷ֪ο˴ϣʮ½洫ӣȴʮ˭ΣΪΡ
ʵʵģֻȲ֮˳ķ

񣬴֪Ľһ洫ӻǷȻ븵һˡ
½洫ڽ˽֪ɷɽУսԾͶˮöƲκˮСʯӶѡ

˵һ½洫棬нڸһ׵ܵܡ
ἰ£ע⡣

һǽһ쿼˴ԵһγΪ洫ӵġ
֮⣬עģиһΪݣԼҪġǽǧ׽𵤡ҲΪĽʿ

ԡֿͷģ֮ͬоžߡ

ἰһĵܵܣ˺ʵ֪һܵܽʲô֣ΪΣûмϸһˣ

ҾͲ֪ˡ
ἰһܵܵǸԣҡҡͷʾԼ֪

һžޣٳ֮ͬУܼ
ųΪ洫ʮ꣬Ѿ֮һ洫ӷȻᰵ˱ȼ硣
츳֮£󼰡

£һܵܵƺԵòôҪˡ
ҸעģǸһǸһĵܵܡ

顭
ջӲһϸġڷŲͻأ
¥ĺҡȴˣѰ֮ȥ

ӵһϮɫۣüۼ͸ž£ڲڡ
ɫư״ɰ㣬ĵ˫۾ԽŨī

ȻǸղŴ˿۵ĸһǸܵܣһ
ĺҡڶ¥ƼһʱüͷһЩ⡣
û뵽Ȼ￴һ

ܺӲű縵һúýѵһ٣ûչضһ͵ܳ

һ˿ĹĵģǱ˸ղǷ⸱ģ
ĳͰϣֱ߷š

ڣЩ˻Ÿһ֮£ĺҡƼһȻץסֱ߳ƺҲ̲סˡ
ȴû뵽һ˲һȻɿָ⣬ֱֽ߳˻ȥڵһĵܵǶ֪ö

ö
֪һĵܵܽʲô֣ôͶˣ
˻һˢˢĿ
ȻҲ֪ΪҪ˵öǶһ븵һй֮µĺռеϷ硣
˳ʵλСѿ֪һĵܵܽʲô𣿡

һ̹Ȼո
ˣ
⡭Ҷ֪
һĵܵܲոʲô

һĵܵܽиһȸһСꡣһ΢Щ鶼֪ǻ˵ԼԸһ˽Ķء

мƺܲЩ˾Ȼ֪һĵܵܽʲô֡

˺λһĵܸܵһһο˴ϣȡôĺΣ
һźۼһ٣ȡôĺβҪΪؼǣиһģǽһο˴ΨԽսɹĵ֮һ

ۣһĵܵܺҲ
Ǳο˴֮УһԽսɹĵ˭

һԣĺҡݣüͷһ͵˵һĵܵأһ
Խսɹĵʲôأ

һû˵꣬һĿһֱתȥƼĺҡݼĨЦݣµĻϢֹסˡ
״һѸٷĨ΢죬͸ŷۣԭһ˶Щɰ

һġ

ĺҡ䴽ڶ¥˲࣬ŸһɫѸٱ飬˵ֳ

˭Ǳˡȴװ·ŬԼ£ȻһʶԼˣ˻һ飬˭ѵأ

ȻأСֵ㻹û˵ڱο˴һԽսɹĵ˭
˼½۵ͻȻˣתȥ׷ʣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥƼԶ¥¥ݴŮʱ˲

ĺҡһϮ£֫һԼָϵţϸ
òޣܽޡ㡣
ɽɽˮˣ˾ɴ˾ɫԾ١
üδʩ죬ȴǾ¾ס

ȥòŻΪԼʧ̬ת꣬λСֵܣĪǿۣ

һձͷ΢죬˿̸ˣæ۵˵ҲûС
ǺζѣԿʱ򣬾ȻϴԼˡ

һãٶȻʱһϮѾʧ˿ջ֮С

ĺҡڽϱ߱߹䣬תһֽʱŴһĹĵǹģ
תȥһ˫ֱŽһ˫Բ۶Լϵ΢Ծδ

ĺҡЦôǹˣ

ǹġ֪ҲǸջҾͲ˵Щˡ
һԾɸоһĪֲ㡣
˶оˡ

ĺҡ̯̹Ȼҿʲôû
һʼҲûҲջȵҿʱѾʼ˵ˡ
ڸһʼ˵ʱٳҲΣ

һ㶼֪رһ¡
¥·ֻһ¥ݵĻøײˣʦܡĺҡ޹

һ֪Լ˵ĺҡ⣬ٿڣŴ͸һְ˼

ĺҡȫûƵģྵʦҲ
šһӦ

ղŴЩ˵Сϱ߳Щ¡ĺҡྵҪҪһȥʦܡ

ʲŴڣ̸۹Снһ顣
СϱһķϵլԺ޹ʳԣ֮󣬵ʱ˶Ϊ鱦֮ȥ̽飬ȴڽլԺȫһҹʧӴ˲ټӰ
סСϵԽȥˣټҰ

һ˫ֱ΢ƳһϮ޺µĺҡ⣬ҵģ
ĺҡüʦܲȥ𣿡

ۼĺҡһתߵƣһæȥˣôͲܶأһξͷˣ

Сֵܻء
ĺҡ˵ţЦǸʦǾҪһȥˣ

š
һͷΪѵĴӦ
Ϊ˱ʾԼûһ·ϻĺҡ˵ʲôԡŶšش

ĺҡƳ꣬ʵ˭ѧģ
Ҹ簡һֱ׳

⻰ǵٴһٵġ
ĺҡĬȻ˵






49.  ʮ   лϲ⡣


ħ, Ԩ֮ء
ħ糣걻ħ֣գҲѬȾ
ղ͸, Ԩ֮ؾ

ħʳ, ڼԨ֮ӳ
Ļ, ֺǳХĿ޷ֺ

ǺӸǳľ, ǵһ, Ψһʯʳſɽʳ֮С
Ÿ, ӰҴҡ

ʲôְ
ǰ, ħŲߵݡ

ҾһССĽ̶ѣάơ
һ۵ħС͹, űʳ֮С

ʳڣֵݺύҼһǰ߹Źͷŷһ, ͸ͷ֮Уһݡϸ졣

ħ߽ʳǺ, ֱһСȥ, ܿһׯ԰κŴ
΢, ˵, ֽл佻һƵ˹ȥ, һҪҪԽлˡ

峤, 㣿Ѷ, ýȥǡͷ
ħ߳ţڵǽҵ˵һҪֽлˡ

׼ȷץ˻ħ߿е, ɵˣʲôˣȻ˵ҪԽ峤
˵գȥá
ûĸ˸˷ԣϾħʮħħҷԣ˿϶˵ԼĶҪֽлС

ħʶȥȴֹס
߬ŵǿƴħâһ

峤ڱչأʱԽУ
˵ţָе˲䣬һնϮָ
ָµأ洦Ѫ

һʹȳȴһ˲ƼӳϮӰʱȻֹ

ħƼл䣬æлˣλҽĶ

лüұβȾϰֱ죬תŹޣ׼סĿ⡣

лᴹУԭĴȻƣֽн˹
һĨЦȻ

лָӭлͶһƳŵأ塭峤Ҳ֪Ҫ֮

ǻǰְ϶ǵȥˡ
лռĺãҲͲƽˣɡ

ħͬлһͬţվѾ亹ʪ
Ȼú£ͬʱɻ
оʲô峤ӡ

ϣлڸλϣУʵ˵Щʲô𣿡
ħԣȴЩɣ֪òýǰŮ˵

л俴ɫ΢䣬õʲô˵ģ

δʩκѹɻħȴĪľӣڵλλ˵ǸĽ
ħ˵գӭлķŭ
ãȴϸλлκζɵС̧ȥ

һħ߱Ƽл⣬еУЦ⡣
ħ߾ĨЦпֿ֮⣬ǡ
һµߵС㡣

ħ֮У˭֪ħ峤лţף˭Ҳ˭ҲƲϡ
ҲֻеҡħʱŰЩ
֮⣬˭л̬

ħ߸еȵͬʱȴҲҶԡ
һ˲һ紵Ƴ⡣
ͬʱл䵭úܺãȥɡ

֮ϡ
л佫зģָͣ۴ȴǾþδһ

ڳɡ
ɽĶǺֶһӴħеħѸ˥ܡ
ɽʿħ磬Ҳ޷ȥ

л䶯΢٣ϡ
ָ֮⣬киǡ

киǱ򿪵һ˲ħеѸپۼͼʴ

һ˲黪һһεпռħյĽӴ
л䴹֮Уڷʯ
Щʯǵϣħ޷ʴ÷ŵ

һĨб棬֯һλ
صģѾ·֤ħš
ҿ˴ȵһĽÿһ껨Уɽһַ羰ħ簵գ⣬Щ羰ħģĽ

л俴ĺҡĻǲԾβıԽ޶ұ
һһŶǵȻ

л΢ϸ״
ƬӺָֽϷȻ뵽Щʲô㣬ָ΢ħСȥ֧̽

ܽħлΪǰܵ˲δãָһӴ֦һħָӿŵæ֡

Ҳһ˲Ǳħ㣬Ϸֳָһλ
л䣬ģԴ󵨵ĽӴѾϵΧؾʯڣħɢպ˥ܡ

лָס֮ʱűеλֳ
ʯ࣬װһʯ㣬Ǽޡʯ꣬ħ֮УҲ޷

ʯꡭ
Ҳ޷

л⣬ƺ뵽Щʲôֵ̧һħѶϢڴ֮

ԼƬӺһɽǱħ̽ӵʿϡ
ʿԭԪӤʿħħʴ£ѾΪ

л仺¸λ
Ķīɫ°󻺻½ݡ
ǲһһǴ½Ƕѣȴ޶˿Ȼ޾䡣

лʿǰһʹ̧л䡣

һ⡣
л俴ʿħ粻£ħĲʴеʺʹ𣿡

һش㣬Ҫɱɱ
ʿǿݼŷ֮⣬л䡣
лᴹһǰ֮˾ǿĻһ٣ù˳ƽ͡

һеʣÿҹħʢ֮£ħ̹ǣǧһͬҵѪһʹҪ

лʵһһʼħأ
ʿƽħзʽͬݻġǸ˴δӴзôǸʹ𣿡

ħ뿪ħǰϴȥħϿܣٴλصɽʱеʹ𣿡

֮ʹԼᶨĴܶ޷ܣôܻԸⳢַ硭ֱ˵ˡ
ͬ޷֮ʹС
ǶԣȥΪʹ

лԣԭӿԺһһǰֹ
ѩ׵̬۰㣬ÿҹ˭ҲȥŵĹ涨ԼΪޡ

ҡǡ
лգۣ𴽱ߵЦݡ

ʱĳһ̣лȻɢȥǰʿָʶȴɫҰףӹһ˿ݾ֮⣬

Ѫ˿
֣̽һл峤̽ҧԾˡ

л侲ҧԾʿʿʹȥݼ侹Щ֮⡣

ħʴ壬ġʹ
л䲻ԡ

״ֽʿʬƳһѻҽһħɽУǻصɽϡ
ǽҡħ֮µĹء

ħĵϣʿˣҲᱻطƳħʱսʿսϡ
õһҲʣ¡
ǰץסҲ޷

Դҡħ֮ҡħĹϽΧڣҲûгֹ
ҡħѾˣȴҲԾɱϰߡ

ʿǻ󣬹л㱨峤̽ӻ㱨ȨħڱչأʵȴǷֳһӦȻǱɽС
Ȩħڱչǰħһ档

лع񣬵ʵȨǾӦȥɽкδ
Ǳѩԭ򡣡

ȥȥ£ҴǰҲȥѩԭǽҵѡл䵭
ɽУģһ˶ѡ
˵θɣ

л˵ţһתȨǾӦʵΣ
ӦĻ۷Ϊ

лԣһ䴽Ļ˵֮£Ҿȥɱ

Ȱ˵˶Ժӹȴ뵽ǰħʢһ¡

ʱҡħβã´˹ϽΧڲóֽʿʬƳħ༸λħĳ

λħ֮УλȨħϲƳħħ֮һ
ˣλȨħħʢϣŴҵϣһλץסʿƳħ

ȨħƳħԻҪħ͸ҡħ֮
ҡħụ̂Ȼ֣Ȩħһܡ

Ȩħħ֮еߣλѾãҡħ½Ρ
һУȻҡħռ·硣
ˣҡħԾɽȨħ˸ס

˺ҡħȨħӱǽˡ

˼ˣϨȰ˵л֮ġ

ȵ˳лתصλϣУǾӨ͸ƲմȾֳ㡣
ֽ֮ס

һ˲Ű껨껺ſ
һ꣬һĻ档
ϣħдδйơ

л뵽һɽʱշһ㣬ħȻ޴档
Ҳ£޴Ρ

ħǿںڰ֮С
ˡϲ⣬ϲƣϲһдŹȴΨϲڰ

лָⴥϣʯĹ⻪շġ
һ˲类հ㣬ָ⾷ء
û˴׹֮УʢĻٶ

ҲǼϲġ
ֻϲһƹ⡣



뱱ѩԭСϣĺҡ븵һһͬϱߡ
ŸһϱһСӭġʹ첲Ϻë

ΪԤʣĺҡѸٷӦ
˴ӵģʲôǹ˵ħ

ἰħĺҡһʱ뵽ıǡ·ԭеĹҹħ¥硣

δ˿̻ѺڽڵʱûѳĿܡ
ħ𡭡ƺҲûпܳɽУ
ĺҡⲻȷ˵
ֻҪһġ

ۼһֱǰȥһҲûκεĲԾĺҡæһδ

һλδĺҡⰫ˰ͷĸ߶ȡ
˿̧̣һ֣صĺҡ⣬ɡﰡ

ĺҡûʲôܹƱĶ̫õģֻҪС
ôĴ֮һĸһλôҲôЩɣ
ûҶһΣ͵򼸴ڴķ

һ΢£͵Ҫʲô
϶ôġĺҡ

һԣִӴռȡöʽһöƫϸݸĺҡ⡣
տɫıʯǶϣػ֦·ҫ£ɷǺÿ

ĺҡӹһ˲ʵȷû鷳Ҿˡ
õһ϶ĻشһϿȥһ߳ʵʯģ

һĺҡĶ
Ķ¶ѩԽϸ
Īʺ˳ۡ

һ١һʯİ
һʱƲĿ⣬ʯ

ĺҡԣü
ֲɵӣôƷʶأ
һɿһʯ𲽡

˼ˣĺҡִӴһ鿨ڸһУлˡ

һûӦ֮ʱб㱻ű鿨
ȥԼŵ鿨Ĭһ˲
Ϊ֮һȻ֪鿨򱦸һ鿨

һϷɳĨ죬ڰ״ġľʡ
૵㾹Ȼʯҵġ

ĺҡͨĴ̽һʲôתһʶʵʲô
Ƽ˸һϵĨ죬ɵⶫ˵ǲʲôҪ壿

òҪ͸δµģ
֮⣬ĺҡû뵽ʲôһˡ

ĺҡⴹȥһһнʣµöĵˣļȥЩħûע⵽һóöȻһԶġ
˼ˣָ֣Ḳ£ȥȡ

һƼĺҡȥȡĶָ΢ȴҲû룬̧ȥסĺҡĶ
ָᴥ£Сĵ㵽ϸ弡ŵջ֡

һָ߬⣬΢˵㾹Ȼʯң
УҲµġǿҸ綼˵ˣҪһΪΪʲôµ󽣵С

˵գһĺҡȴ뽣ǰĸ׽ʱ˵֮ԡ

ΪöԶӣϲŮӣͰöǶɫʯ͸İĹ

ҲһԶƵǲָܹͳȥˣһҪͳȥ

һ΢Ŵ
ûͣȥġ

¡ѵֻӰٶȣ
ĺҡɻȴһƽ˵ʯ㰡ûе£򡣡
˵ţָָһ鿨ʯҽӣʱѺġ

ԭûͳȥҲûҪ
һ㶿

ȵһҰ㣬ȫҵҲҾСĺҡȷϵ͡ʲôʯ˰ɣ
һʯȥˣζЦѡ

Ҳӿĺҡת

һԣ㶽һöϡ
ԭĻĻͽȻһ䣬Ŀ֮Ǻħ

һüǡħ
ĺҡͷӦţħȫħ֣ǿջЩ˵ģһ֮ء

ֻǣȴǲ֪ħ֮УһֶΣħС棬ھ󲿷ʿ޷˴쳣

һǲ⣬Ϊʲôôħû˲
ȥ֪ˡĺҡ

ĺҡһ뵽һҪ£ִӴռݸԸһһߡ
ʣһߣ̧ԼϿȥ

ߣû׼ʲôıأڰҲҪڰñƼǵݡ

߿ϣĺҡòסֻʣһ˫۾ѩ׹°¶档
ҪǣҲС갡






50.  ʮ   ʦܣǲϲң


һб, ̧Ѿߵĺҡ⣬һ˲ŷӦ
, ͬĺҡһ, סԼݡ

ĺҡ븵һ˿լԺʱ, δʧ֮С
ֻǣħƺĺҡص, Լͬĳ, ǧϸܵش̽С

ĺҡⲢδ, ֮ʹܵ, ħ꣬ħйһʱ䡣

·, һƲĺҡ֮Ŀƹȥ
Щħ߾ۼٶԽԽˣ˼Ƭ, 㴫ǲʵ⣿ЩħҪʴڣ

ĺҡƽǰɣ¡
һԣᴹ, ˼ʲô, Ӵռȡһ, еĶĺҡǰȥ

ĺҡⴹ, ŸһĶ, һöָС, ʵʲô
һ͵ʵ񻷡ꡭǰ, Ľ֮ʱĽҼʦһֿ֮

û룬Ľұ, ĽҼ󹺻ö񻷣Ѿ
ʦĽұ𣬱㽫ö񻷷ڣδۡ
ʱĽҽʣѪ뽣ڣڱ㽫һöĽѩ⡣һö¥

һϣμˣĶȫöҲûʲôã͸ɡ
һţ񻷴óĺҡУ򴽵͵ǵտ˴ҵлɡ

ĺҡԼŵö񻷣һ˲ʧԺл֮ǰĽ˵֮ԡ

Ľ⣬ҪˡһȥʵķҪʲô

Ҫ
ıҪԼȥѰҵģȥ󽣵ġĽҡҡͷ˼Ƭ̣ҲƵķɺã

ûгκ
ĽΪţǳ֮ﰡеģҲҪһĶ

Ľȥڣʦöʵ񻷡
Ľұöڡһöջ͵ĽѩУһö¥֪С

һҲѰҹһö񻷣ȴ޹
ԭһöǱ˴͸˸һ
һûһȻҲ֪һö񻷵䡣

ĺҡ´лл
û͵ϵȴڽͻС

ĺҡסһƲ顣˫۾ʱʶƿĿ⣬ͷӦţ߰ɡ

ö񻷵ڣĺҡҲħʴʹࡣ
һ·լԺ򿿽ԽլԺʱħԽŨ

ĺҡжϵԪӤϵħޡħħ
һլԺŴվˣɵˣ

ĺҡ̧ȥ
լԺǰվδ䣬Ҳ糣һ㣬ȴݽӲࡣ
ħ֮У
ħ

ħħ֮УЩħ߳ȥʬȥطƺ󣬳ΪͬƷ׵ħĺҡ͵ǰˣ糣һ㣬ɫڳˣƷħ

Ʒħ֮⣬ǲκȺУǲ֣Ǹ޷ֱ

ƷħҪô˾ʿƣܳɹ
ȻӹΪֹʿ䣬ʬ𻯣κκۼŹǡ
ˣħ֮УܼһƷħ

һû뵽ĺҡ⾹Ȼô࣬һʱ֮Щɣ૵ԭħ

ЩŲ¼ġ
ĺҡת˵翴˲еĲ飬Ҫ磬ôЩ鶼ûأ
ʦܣ֮·ضԶ

һԣЩա
ϲ飬ڸҵʱͲϲ飬˽ѵͻȻתӣϲϿˣ
ȻǸϲܡ

ҾûǶܱȽϺáһ̹Ȼ
ĺҡЦ翴Ҳܰ
һȭͷ˵ɡ

ǼħħЩħİ
ĺҡ⻹ǵһйڸһִš
һǸһˣħħ𡣷ħħ壬һɱ

һһŮװġΪ֪ȴֿ֪֮ѳڣħȥΪһħ֮һ

ħ֮Ѷɽдħ磬ڸһԡѯʡ
ʱһʧɽ֮ʱҲδٻظһѶ
һֿѡ˺ǲŮװαװһЩɡ

ҸʲôʱħˣһɻֻϲĶһŲġ
ħħ壬ֻ˵ϲϲɡ

ĺҡ⻰£û뵽һħħ岢Ǵʱʼġ
Ǻʲôʣŵ¸һħ޺ħʹ

Ҳ˵ġĺҡ⺬
һ͵ҿҸǹİǲϲҸ簡
㲻Ҫϲģֻ֪ŲŮӻء򴽵

ʵӸ簡
ĺҡЦ£ŵô֪ѵۿŮˣ
һͲֻǿҸ練ġ

ѵ绹ͬһһսԼ
ĺҡ⳶˸ɣڸǹԼС¶

ἰ£һӾɥ૵㶼ңҪʼͬҸ罻ˡ

Ҵ㣬ǽִ硣ˣͬȾ𣿡
һԣĪĺҡ˵еֲ֪Щ̫Ծ

ĺҡڹԼ¶Ҳٶԣ̧ǰмħмħ㡣

ȻŴǺŴӦҲ
ĺҡţȻ̽ʶŴ̽ȥȻںŴҲмħš

ٽլԺǰĺҡ⴫ħ֮߸һ˽լԺʷֿ
һƺЩ棬΢Բ۾գ£ЩãйħҲĲ￴ģЩ鶼ô𣿡

ĺҡ⻰΢٣Ӧ͵˵ȫпģҲдӱ;Ķ
֮࿴ûġ

߰ɡ
һǰһһӣֱӡլԺС

ĺҡվεһ˲ԭĸһʧ
ֱǰʶ̽ڼ֮Զ˱ڣ֪լԺб

Ҳ󣬲Ž븵һֿһͬжߣ뽫Ǹơ
ǰЩլԺʿŶΪʧУȻǸڰļһɱƳħ

ħ֮У֮⣬һħϰߡ
Ҳ֪ջϵģĸһ¡
ߡĸһӦ

˼ˣĺҡ߽
һпɿϣסǵ壬ȴڡסǵ۾

һ½ǷɣһƬлĹ⻡
𽥾£ĺĺҡڣΪֿһضСС֮⣬

ĺҡ˳ΪٵСȥԼƬӺСһǰ
һڹƻĻ𣺡ƿţῴԼ뿴

ĺҡüȴǻָ֣ϡ
ԼĶζöտһ˲Ĺ⻪

ǣ
ĺҡָһ㽫顣
γš


ǵƻƺΪΪ𾪵ˣδ
ðΣŻƿɣƿţ㽫߽һµ硣㽫ҪһУòƲˣϵΪ
Ӹԡڴ

·Ҳ̫ˡ
ĺҡһ²ţһƿľš
ſںһƬһֻ޿ڵĶޣȴһ

߽С
һϮ޺û

й͸ĺҡ̧ȥ
ǰɢƺֻصϤĵط

Զ֦ϸǽͼʸߴȡ֣õعշ
Ǵ¼õ԰滮ƷЩϸ顣
ߴǳѧߣ𳤽ûá

ĺҡ⻺߽

԰ϸĻӽͣ£㴫Ůʵ㿴һʽѧô
Ľº͵𣬿޵ѧѧúܿ졣
Ǿͺá

㿴һǲǻӴˣ
̧һЩͺá

ܹʲôأ
ʿѾԱˡ
ɻ
ԱЩʲôأ

û೤һ·̣ĺҡȴλŮ԰ѧʱ⡣

⼸ԼŽȵڻ


ĺҡ̤԰УĽһϮ೤ۣ
԰еĺŮƺ뿪ڻסĽ˶ȴԭɫ˲ò԰ףŮ΢΢ζš


ŮԽ֧Լ壬Ỻ̧԰⽥нԶӰ
һ򵥵̧·þȫ㡣

ĺҡתϮŲ೤۵ĿӰ
԰УŮ૵˰
һϻ䣬

ֵʱǵʧѾõٶ𡪡
ֻҪ룬ǺһжᷢĽڣǸ߸ϵҴС㣬˳뽣ڣΪһܾ˾Ĵʦ㡣

Щˣһһᰡ˪ȻѩĽѩ⡢ҶǵУһ츳г㣿һֱܹأ

㲻ú𣿸ú޵ġ

ĺҡ⾲ĽһʧתǴ
ãŮɫԻӰڵϵ̬վӶԼеĳ

滮յ֮ʱĺҡ⳶´
üٰ

ǰ⻮ƣͬƬһɢȥ
õĹɣĺҡԾǴ֮С
վǰָ⴦ӹһտ⣬̨
տ⻪΢΢ҡҷŽʱӶյ͸׹

ĺҡᴹ⣬̨һۣ˵ԭ϶˰
ֽ̨ƿһš
һӣʧһС

´УһϮɺ쳤ڵء
°ڴڵľ
ĳһ˲Ȩ͵ۣ³һѪɫ΢Щ仯

ĸ̨ϣһòˡ
糣۽Ḳ£·ʱض

ȻǰҲѲˡ
һǰӵдΪĵޣʬ𻯣Ǳ˷ӡ˴˴

ȨŸ̨ϵ˿һۣ΢ٴӿħʬ塣
ǳɹƳһƷħ

ǲ
Ȩ֮һƷħԸȥץһЩʿ
Ʒħԣ΢һӣʧڴ֮С

ȨƬ̣󣬼ӴȣͼôլԺеڴ˵أΪƼƷħϡ

լԺУһһ䣬ӭģǸһ
һ˫ֱһҲ̫ˣôѧ⽣ѧᣬ㻹ҵܵ𣿡

һƻ𣬵㣬Ը⣬ھͿԽ硭
ڽ¡

Ļﻹδ˵꣬㱻һ첽ȥǸһһٵĶˡ
һꡰһ硱ݺݲڽ£ҸҪô飬ͱˡ

˵գһǰߡ
ϵĵڶˣҼ
ϣһ㲻ҸĶӡ

һȭͷ
󡱳ֵһ˲һֻ˳һ߬סˡ󡱵Ķ䡣
㵨Ӵ˰Ȼˣǲһ궼׼ݣ

һȭͷԼҡס󡱾סߣ׹һƬڰ֮С
ҵŲô˵ңΪҳġ

һԼƽˡˣ۳ʲôѵˡ
ǣȥ

ʦܣôôҶܾ˰
һƬڰУһĨ⣬վھͷĺŮյԽޡ

һһüͷƺЩ̫Ծ־úûʲô⡣
ͬĺҡһ
ĺҡԻȫû

˼ˣһĺҡ˺üۣŷĵҲûкǴҸʱ˼¶ѡ
߹ȥʵȳһûħ

ûСһֱ㣬Σʱ̣û׼ܾ㣬һʲôġ
ȻˣСңһǺġһȭͷ͵

ԶԶԣˡ
˼ȥʱĳһ̣ĺҡⷢһܵ
ܵխ𽥿⻪Ծͷ

һ𣬶ĺҡǳˡ֣һ·ôʲôû㲻˵кܶħô֪ûء
խܵУϵСϣһֱ̽

ʦܣʵһֱи㡣
һתĺҡ⣬ɻʲô⣿

ٽͷ֮䴽Ц£ܽޡݡ
ʵʦܣǲϲң

Ȼôһңأ
һϵôܣôô˵
ϵͬʱ״ɰʾޱ졣

ƣڲˣ
˼ȥдöϴöһԶİɣ

һֱ󣬺ҡͷǰ

Ҳţȡҿ
֮˵ţһĨŵϮһС

һһߺһڷ򿿽

˵粻ŮӻģҲ𣿡
ŮҪʲôŵǡ

һҸҪŮӻģ
㲻ϲˡ

һͰ͵Ŀˣ߽Ӳ桭𣿡
԰

㲻ϲҸ𣿡
ĺҡ⡱𽥱òͷǴЦ΢ȴǼ磬Ҷϲ𣿡
ҶҪ

һƺﲻ̫Ծȥ
ĺҡ⡱״

ʱڴĹ⻪ûһһ˲ֹסµȥ

һ
ĺҡڴˣۼһȥһӣȥһסһ֡

üһ
֪һΪʲôħˡ
һûĳ֣һڴ˵أ






51.  ʮһ   һ᲻£


һ
һֱק, ԵصԨĳ뵣ڶϡ
̧ȥ͸, ֻһ˫۾׹򢡣

ĺҡָһ, һĨӿһӵصԨ
һվȺ, ųʵû°ɣ

һɫԾЩ㱣ǰĺҡ, ʶһ, ɵģ

ĺҡ⿴һ, ôȷһ𣿡
һ⻰, ֪ǰ˾ĺҡ⣬ʱ˿, һΪҲǼٵء

һŷǸĺҡ⡱ֱ©ٳ
ĺҡǴ߽լԺģôתۼ䡭߾ûء
ֻ, ôὫĺҡΪʶĴأ
ؼǣȻľϵˣ

òҲҴһܰɣĺҡ², , 㱻ҡ, Ӷ£

ԣ
ڿ˴ϰĺҡ⵱е·Ҫܵĵˡ
һҵһǡ, һڴ˵ִ̫, ŻĺҡΪͻʶĴڡ

԰һ߬ȭͷ, һһҪ㡣
ĺҡ䴽Ц, ֻŬ

ԶԨظΨһռܹľҡҡ׹, ·һ˲Ҫɢܰ㡣

ܵϸĽŲ
ĺҡתת˲̽ʶɫ΢䣬ħˡ
Ų١

ǵҸ˵ħ֮𣿡ĺҡ⻽⽣תһʵ
һͷǵá

ĺҡⲻٳȳӭȥ
ħӵϣлƷħƷħöࡣ

һ״ͬὣϡ
Ժлǰĺҡ֪ħгӶ׼ħ֫ؽڴһѴ˽ȥ

ƷħƷħ㣬֫ؽڡ
Ʒħ㣬ӡ

˱㱻ħƵľǰ
̤ľϣľҪһʱ䡣̶̵ʱħնľţҲ൱նǵ·

ĺҡľ·Ԩ۽ֽ̧һһƣƵľ֮ϣߣҶϺ󡣡

ǡ
һԣҡεľǿסΣ̧ĺҡıӰʶܾ

ĺҡὣӳ֮ħԱ֮Ҷס

ҿǽ󱳶˰òΪľһͷûħڵˣ
ĺҡɿ⽣һᣬ𵴣һɿħԶ
ַ̧סľţļӿľϣ˲佫ľסҡζʱ䡣

ߣĺҡȵ
һ״Ŵעǰĺ£Ĭسľһȥ

һ̤ľţһӭԴӿһħ
ħĶ糣һ㣬ɫ糣һ㣬ûа쳣ΨгֹʱʱͿ١

Ʒħ
һӭϣĺҡ˵ѸжϳħƷף㣬ħӴȥ

ľһˣĺҡ̽ʶһѾľһˣŵ΢
ǹ⸵һһֲ֪ħ·һ

ĺҡԽ϶һһħ壬һΪһ֮
Ҳһʮ󣬴ûмһԭ

һڴˡ
һʬǣضȥѰҡҵ󣬺Ȼһգսһ븵һһģһħһ÷ˡ

ôδֿѵ׵ܵܣôҲշһ

˼ˣĺҡٶ̧ڵڶħָ΢սе⽣
ɨ˲䣬νʵٴ˵أһħС

ѩ׷׽
ĺҡ̽ʶ΢
ǿʶħѸҵĻǼһʹЩħĨϵɱͬʱħĿȨ

ĺҡ̧е⽣𵴡
ڽ֮£ħ޴ΣѩɱʱΪγ
ͬʱɫʶĶЩ԰ףڣκ

ӿħĺҡľӳ

һСģ
ĺҡת˲һ࣬⽣ӳԥش̽ħԴ
⽣У񽣣޼᲻ݡ

ĺҡֽһһԣὣնľţ԰ӿħ۽֮ǰ

Բֹһ·ĺҡ϶
ڸղţʶ̽ǰڣڡơڴ˵ļһ﾿˭

Ȩ
ԩҲͷ

֮ڣʧȥĶħƣȨ⵽ɣٴ³һѪж˶ԼƷħơ
ֻһˡ

Ȩ˼ˣ͵վ֮ȥ
ǹʾһ㣬δԼϢŲ

һһ
ȨѾƼ˱նϵľţտ⻪

һķ紵һ½Ƿɡ
ȨƳĨ£ȭƣ׼һнСһ

һǺȨƺѾҺСһ֮أһȭȥ

飡

켸ͬһʱ
ʯ֮ʱһտͻأȨǰĴ̽ȨҪ֮

ȨƺЩ˾Ȼһ¾׼Ҫ̧֮ȥ
Ǳտһֻ׶޳š
һŮӵ֣ȴڣֻƵüһ˫峺۾

ĺҡ͵ؽ˳Ȩ֮ʣŸһ˴֮С
統ҹദͱһһȨҪ֮أΪ̫ߣһֻˣȴ޷

Ȩ͵ػعָסԼ˿ڣתȥݼŭ⣬Ҫ֪Ϊһͱ׼Ҫ֮
⴦Ҫ֮⣬ûħ֪
ħ¥磬Ҳ֪

ĺҡڲȨӦΪ൱Ļ۷徳硣
ȨֳΪһӦˡ

һȨǱлɱħԼҵϵġ
ħصħ磬лͬ˵ȨֳӦΪ
ΪһεΪ˿ɳ֮Ȩɱ

ԣȨӦעɽģ
ĺҡ˼ˣ΢

ȨӦΪǻ۷壬һΪ𵤡
һ۸һǷ񴳹ն䵽Ȩϡ
ȨһϲƳħ

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Σô²⣬ѾزһȥĿһˡ
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֮ǰҪһ¡
ָ֣׼ȷָĺҡ⡣

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ʵģôЩħģǡĺҡ⻺˵ţôһ׼Ҫ֮
˵䣬̽ʶŴĸ̨̽ȥ

ȨƵħҪٵȨļƻ

ʶ̽һ˲Ѿ̨֮ϡ
ĺҡȴڡǫ̛֮Ǿʬʱ£ԺвԾһ޵ĸ̾
󣬾Ϊ˶׼һ

㶹ĺҡȻһϮɺ쳤۵Ȩɫ΢䡣
ȨƺЩĶ£ͷ㻹ʶֻ࣬Ҫ˵ұһȫʬƳһħˡ

ǲǻøлĴأ
ĺҡţɱ
ͬһʱ䣬⽣븵һгӳһǰһȨϮȥ

ĺҡļӳ⽣֮ʱݺᣬ֮йɽ򣬳Ȩѹȥ

ǰľűȻնϵһ˲ĺҡʸһһ᲻£
Ҳ¡

ҶԽսɹˣսԪӤ·磬ʧܡ
һܽǸ񾳽ļһɱһ϶


ݶУǳ֣֮ȴڴ˿̼һ㣬۳Ϊҫ۵һĨ⣬Ȩնȥ

սʵʱ
һѧ磬ѧ⡣ڰս֮У磬Ҳ⡣
ȻҲѧĺҡĽ뽣⡣

ĺҡս飬ΪѧҲĦ뽣⣬Ҳ븵һս֮Уģ¹һĽ뽣⡣

Ҫôܵӽﵽأ
Ǹһ

һִ£ĦĽ⡣
һĸһĺҡֿѣĽ⣬Ҳĺҡħ֮ǰһʱΪҫ۳ʵĽ⡣

˿̣ΨиһĽ⣬˵Ľۼֳĵƣ

Ľ벢
ӰңɱϮȨǰʱѾһʵεĽ
˳ĽӰȴңԶ֮иһ赭дӳһ

Ȩɫ΢䣬𵤾Сһһиов
սԤʶˡ

һȴһ㣬׷Ȩλɱ
硣
飬ؼѪ


ȨԭѾ⽣ͱһĵطٶͱһ
޾ϤΪһգǴ˿ڣȨҲվˡ

ǾȻҡ
Ȩ⣬ҲάֲסΣħྡ
ӿֳ֮⣬۽Ƽڴ̨ϵǾʬ壬ͻȻЦ

ֻһѣֻһƷħƳɹ
ȨֽסǱʵĳһһ˳

ӦΣ

˻һĺҡ⵱ԾδѸһȨѾȫħǱ顣
𵴣븵һɣƷ˳ȥ

ĺҡⴽѪָ΢һһһϵѾȥ˸˻ﶪȥ
ͬʱ̧Ȩ̨ǾʬӰ΢䣬ӳ

裬ĺҡȴһ˲Ȩ
⽣̳ͬʱʶ̽ȨʶͼǾʬħʶɱȥ

ȨѾѪΪƼƷħһ
Ѫ䣬üĴ

㲻֪ΪʲôЩħ𣿡ĺҡȻ
ȨλɢȴǿţЦڲ֪ˣֹңҲѾˡ

ڴʱڸ̨֮ϵ۽Ȼ

Ȩ״ɱȻصħ磬Ϊħðɡ
޲޶ֳŽߵĺҡ̽ȥ


Ѫⱻ˺ڴ

Ȩ屻ֻһ򵥵Ķ˲˺飬ʣһʶ񺰵ܣܵġ

ĺҡջ˽㵱׿ڸҵط

֮ǰΪҡ⡣
һħʢϣȨΪ֪֮ԼԼ²ħץһʿڴ֮ϣ潫ʿƳħ

ҡħǲ֪ħҽط̸㣬ȥƹһΣһУٿܡ

ħһԼѪħħʶٿء

ҡħɵעˣƹУǧΪ㻹ߵļһƼˣħʶѹܹ׾Ƶħġ

ȨǸʿʶôܱȵùԼħʶĿδӷ
ǡþһ㣬˿ɳ֮

㡭
ȨڵеһĨʶʶʲô㣡Ȼ㡭

ĺҡ̧⽣Ȩһʶն






л䣡Ȼ㣡

ħ缫Ԩ֮أȨħıչ֮
ȨŸոӦԼǰɽеǾӦ٣һֻ԰׵ֱ̽ϢĽ崩͸

ҡһֱ㣬ҡ˽㡣
лչ֮УɫƣģȴͬȻ

Ȩۣδü˵һ䣬Ȼ¡

л佫ջʹɫĮȻ
ȡһѩӣơָմȾϵѪһһøɾ

ҡ˲ϲ



ĺҡվԭƻãȻ񣬿ǰѾӸ̨֮ˡ
Ӵռȡһѩӵݹȥһɡ

ħʶֻ´
ǰһ˫кֽĺҡеѩӽ˹ȥϸеѪøɾѾȾӵݻ

ĺҡҡҡͷ
Ѫƫͷ¡

ħĺҡĻݳĶס˻Ⱦѩ߬ԼС

ĺҡ״ɫЩӡ
û뵽Լһŵʮ䣬Ƿ˶顣

һʼǼ꣬ħ֮һֱħ¥ӵһƷħĴš
ʱħصħ磬ҲۿǸƷħ

Ȩ䣬ħ¥ȨϽΧڵġǸƷħ
ҡɱ¥֮ʱƷħֽġ

ƷħͬƷ׵ħ
һǸƷħǰǰΪʿļعⷵա
λǰһ˲ָʶҲָ˼䡣

Ϊʿʱļ䣬Ϊħʱʶ໥ͻλǰɢ

뻤ס壬δݣȴΪѶ׼
λǰǰ̾ϢԾɻĺҡϡ

û뵽ǣԭħ¥ӵеǸƷħѾãڽʱղƳġ

˼ˣĺҡ̧ǰޱ֮ˣʵǰ㻹ǵԼ˭𣿡
˽ʲô֣ұ˭ұػǡ

ĺҡԣȴǿЦһ
ôܵһأ

ǲҽʲô㶼
ǡ

ĺҡ⾲ǰˡ
˭ӵһ˾Ļأ
ǡ

뻤ס壬δݡ
޵̾ϢƸɿԽն

ĺҡ⻺ǰħ˵һҲһ

ȥѰԼʶʱ֮ʱƾԼıģٶȳΪǸΪġĻµԼ

һħ֮󣬺ԥֽǸƷħʱȴһ̾Ϣ֮ˡ

Ʒħֻд˼Ϊʿʬơ
ǰҲҲܡ

ָʶǰƽؿʱѡ˶ϡ
ԺѰȥѰλǰǰݡ

ʱ֮ܶ󣬾õǲ𵱳λǰʱ²Ѱλǰݡ

ڵڵļ¼зλǰĻݽܡ

ҽʲô֣
ϳɡ

һλ棬˵ΪΣʹõڴһ۵СųɳΪɽеڶ
λǰħħħַɽʱһ֮սλħδݡ
ʬδ𻯣ػڶı߾






52.  ʮ   ݷ۵


ĺҡɽм̫Ĳ, һ˲̫һ֪
ʱɼ
ȴѰ

һսϳǰʬ, ֪١ڵѰ, Ҳδ
֪ʬСĵص, ʱĳһձħãƳħ, ΪսԸһ
, ҲõϢ

ϳ, ϳɡ
ĺҡ˵, ָ̧֣⴦ӿһĨտ, ΢ż⣬ǰ֮üĴĨѪĨµ֮

⻹һĸһһֵ֮
һԼĽ, ǻ顣һʴ, ֮

֮ͨ, ɻһԵ, ͬһԿ, Կ׻, ҪȥѰʺϵס
ħȻҲӵ֮, 

ĨտϳüĴ, ûѾɺԵʶ֮Уһ㣬ڴ˴
һ, ˴ָ纣

ĺҡʩµ֮ϳǰһǣҪƾָܻϳǰȫ䣬Ǹܵġ
ҪǰԼȥѰˡ

ֻĺҡȴ֪ԼöԲԣǰ˾ʶӵ˼䣬ǵλǰ

֮ɣǰ֮ԭƽ޲ȻһĨ⣬һ˲ʡ
һĨ⻪ĳ֣ʼǰǰӲһ˵ϻ֡

ĺҡƼԸ⽫֮Ϊա
Ĩǰ˲еһĨԣ뼫Ʒħĵ·̤˵һ

ҽСϳɡ
ϳţԾЩԻ㡣

Ŀתĺҡ⣬ĿⴥմȾѪߣȥѧĺҡʲŵüļĶͼĨȥĨѪΣȴôҲĨȥ

ϳɳʵΪʲô
ĺҡԣֽȡ
ȨӦҲûסݵıҪˡ
ۣŽ͵߲һһͲøɾˡ

ŵýྻ
ĺҡָ΢£ʩϵѪɾ˳ŽԼմȾѪһͬɾ

һУĺҡ̧ʵѧ𣿡

ϳƺһĺҡһ½ǿţָﻹС
䣬ָ⴦ӹһĨнḲƬ½ǣһ㲢۵Ѫɾ

ллĺҡл
ϳɵ˻ƺĺҡȿڣٽĶǰ֮ûٳü΢ƺ˼ʲô㡣

һĺҡŻʶԼʲô
һڽ

˼ˣĺҡ̧תڽ걼ȥ
̽һ䲢޴󰭺΢һ

ϳԴɵ
㡭ҪȥѰҵĶҪҵõأ

档ĺҡشص֮κεطѰ֮
ϳʵ״𣿡
ûС

ϳɵΪĺҡشãٴγҵ֮ٽ𣿡
ԼܺþͿˡ

𣿡
ᡣ

Ϊʲô
ҲҪȥѰҵĶ

Ҹȥ㣿
㲻ҡ


Ϊʲô
ϳٳһ䣬Ŀ䵽ԶһǰˣһֻɬѶĪ

áϳӦ

ʱϳתȥĺҡų׷ѹԸӵ飬ֽһҡѡ
һѡ

һʦܣ
һץֱۻζƼĺҡݵһ˲ʶһˣΪԼڡ

ĺҡ״üʦܣû뵽ǸҡĴ̼ôһҵŵˣ
ҳҲûô˰ɣ

һԣȷǰĺҡĺٴ˿
֮µٶȷ΢죬ųҾǸѹûӦ
Ǹ

¡
ĺҡӦ߹ȥһǱӵ

һվŷԼϵѪָ䳹ɾ
תܣʵǸħ屻ǽˣ

ԡĺҡͷ䴽ЦҵһԽΪ񾳽ħ尡
Ҳҵһν񾳽ħ塣һӦæӦ͵

û֮ʱѾҵһˡĺҡ˵ţָָԲ෽򣬵

ڷȥ
;ĺҡ۴̨ͻȻŶˣǶʱﻹһ¡
ʲô£

ڸ̨ϵǾʬͻȻûסˡĺҡ
һĬãƺ󲻵Ǹ棬־ĺҡûԵƭãʵûˣ

ûС
ĺҡҡҡͷĬȻΪԼƭ˾䱧Ǹ

ӴԲƳȥͨһܵ˺ܿصլԺС
˸һ߳ܵշԺеյһ
ǰεլԺЩħѾ˻ɱ鲿λɢ

ĺҡ״΢ƺµ˭ǽլԺЩħ
һü֮ǰڸ̨֮ϵλǰЩħ

ǰɡ
ĺҡӦƿԺħĲλԺŴȥ

һ֮ȡŵһ룬λǰƺӦǸˣ

Ǻ˰
ǺˣһλĻµĴǰΪɽ磬ħɱδݡ
ĺҡĬȻ˵

ֵͷع仮һĨ⻪Ͷĺҡǰ
ȥָһգסĨ⻪ǰ

ĺҡ⽫öȡݸһллʦܵķԭˡ

һȥֽӹöͬʱﲻ֪ôģһֽٴǰݵĳ嶯

ʦܣǲϲҰ
һ˲һԺлǾ仰Ȼ
ĺҡ⻹ֵĶδգһͣ㡭㻹Ҫʲô

ĺҡ̹ȻҵѺ鿨
õġ
һĺҡ⻹һ鿨æӴռȡ鿨һѷŽĺҡУȻֻ˵ء

ĺҡ鿨Ÿһ뿪ıӰ˼
£޴Ӳ²⡣
Ҳ֪һʲôҾ御֮£һ·϶

ȿȡ
ĺҡԾЩܵѪ˿˿ӿ
ؿջ·ϣһ߰ԵϢһ˼һսĵʧ

ǡΪ뾳ϰ
ǸϣֺڶԸȨһӦ϶ŪǱأ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣תһֽǣƼµڲԶվţƺڵ

ʱĺҡ߽һĿ⿴Сߵ̫ˣҶվһˡ
ĺҡԣ䴽Ц£ܽս鰡

֮Ҫȥ𣿡һʵ
ĺҡ⽫ԼҪȥѩԭ֮¸֪һͷȥѩԭǺܺãϡ

˺ܿصջԻصԼסϢ
ʱ䲻֪ȥѾҹɫ١

ĺҡվƼɫˮͶ
˼Ƭ̣ϣصߣٶȽԼȡ˳
ʶһΪĺҡ⽫Լһʶû֮С

þһ䣬һʶʵڡѩԭС
һΣƺλǰ˯ˣǻδĵڴ˴˺һδǹɲݿܵų֮

ĺҡһֻȥһαѩԭһϵͳĻѩԭ֮С

Ҷ˵λСʦǣʺϽǵġλСʦ֮صָǱѩԭ
ϵͳҪԼ

òʲôѵķӡϣ
СʦΪѹϵͳҪҲΪ˷ӡסʲô

¹绪ѩ䡣
ĺҡⲢ䣬ֻۡǳսֳַһʶ⡰ѩԭм
۲Źˡ

ѩԭһĺҡλǰδнʶ۵ˡ
˵زʵټıδоǵĺ֮⣬ֻЩ΢ѡ

ĺҡڵأָѩỮһһ֮Ĳ벻ͬ˼л᲻ʲôıš

ҹɫīһԲ°ҹĻ֮¡
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣㽫һƣȻѾλǰĿ

»£λǰɺºڷͷ·һѩ֮Ǵһ㡣
ĺҡȥһ˲־ýҹǰҹǰЩͬˡ
Ǹˡ

˵ҹǰֵ¹⣬ס
ǽҹǰͶôһЩĮ
ĺҡˣҳһݵĴ

ħ
ħ

ݷ۴ü䣬

⸱ʽ׻׻ô¶
ĺҡԣ̲סпһ䣺ȻÿһǰΪĵıԡ

˼ˣĺҡ֣ѩԼдһĨȥʱͻȻסʵǰǵ𣿡

ȻСʦǣ֮䣬һǵĴڡ

ǣħضɳΪһܡ
Թһ仰

ǣѳɴܵЩأ




ĺҡĨȥۼվǰʵôˣ

ħˡ
ݷ۲δֱԳ






53.  ʮ   ݷջĿ⣬ˡ


ĺҡȴûϵ, סˡ
ǰλ֪ǲǽСʦǰ۽˲Ҳ˲ʶҪѯʵĳ嶯

һ˲, ԶƲɢ, Բ³¶͡

Բ֮ҹ
ǷһԲǿĳ״̬
˼, ĺҡգ⣬ǰλǰʱ, ʱϨҪѯʵ˼
ÿ˲
ҲС
αҪѯʵأ

ǰ֪Щôħ𣿡ĺҡ̹Ȼ, ҽʱ, ǰԤһ, Ƶ

ݷ۾֮, ڵħħ˱Ѷħ, Ѷٶħ򡭡һħ

ĺҡ, ԽԽòԾ
ЩħԵ, ǡ·ħԵɵĽ

Ľұ, , һ˵µıԼñ, Ѷ١
ѶٴָЩ佫ļľ
һħ, Ϊħߴħ֮һ, Уҡħһħ

ѲɸԺеϵͳҲӵǵԺ, һһħ

˼ˣĺҡɳʵǰЩħôˣ
ݷ۵ˡ

һ㣬Ȼϡ
ĺҡ˵ѯЩʱһʶ΢٣¶Щź֮ɫ

û뵽ǰû£Ȳѵ뿪˴ռˡ
ĺҡ̧λǰǰ绹Щ鵢飬뿪ˡ

ʶǰһ˲ĺҡĿϣλǰԾɾ
˼ĺҡȻ򣬿ڵǰΣ˯

⣬ʹˣܻе¶ҪŶ˵ְԼǰӲϵͷ˵͵ȿء

Ρ
ݷעŷ׷׶Ĵѩǰһкۼǣ˵һ䡣
ͼ·ѩһŰ㡣

ѩѸӳԲ¸͡
ݷջĿ⣬˻ȥ̤ѩ޺
ȴգ֮䣬ûһϮµӰڡ

ѩڣӨѩУȻ
쳣Ѱļżųҹݷٴ˳˯֮С

»͸Ө͸ѩڣ͵Ĺ⻪ڵ֮ȴ¾ħһ˺ò׵ĳ˯ֻɴ翶䡣



ĺҡʶߵǰţƼĸһʵʦܣ𣿡

һ˼ʲô
ű򿪣ʶ̧ȥ

пűߵŮһϮΣ簵ҹһعǵ棬γҫۣһƲĿ⡣

һĴ΢򴽽ǡ
ֻڿһۺȻƿĿ⡣

ͻȻҲһֱŸһشĺҡˡ
Ŀ⣬һѩ׶ԵѸٷ΢졣

ѾáڵСһĵزôˣ
˵ڵСƤӶ
ĺҡ˵ţһųСġ

һڣ뵽ԼղŵĶԣٶȽĿ˻ѹסԼҵĺҡ⣬͵˵ȥѩԭǴһȥˡ

ոˣվͲٸˡһ
ĺҡӦ뵽ԼΪûмһĲ²⣬Գɣʵ֮Ǽȥ𣿡

һԣգۣǡҴȻٱչһʱ䡣
˵գһĺҡûҪԵɵʶˡ

㶼Ϊʲô
һ˵ţ״һƺ΢Щһ˫۾ɴ󣬶ĺҡ⡣
޷εģ׼䷺΢졣

ĺҡɵšΪʲôأ
һȭһս֮ˣȴûΡ

ҲǾòΣ˵˾Ǳһûεѷɫһ˵˼

ĺҡһ˵ЩЦãСļ磬ͷúҵгһ׷ҡ

϶ġ
ˮ»£Ӧ˵š
ͬʱаһԡ
һԼ⣬޴ӵ֪ԡ



գէֵһ˲ĺҡӵϢ״̧̬۴⾰£ʰŶ׼ǰСп֮ǰ

գһѾ𣬽Ҳȥһαˡ
˼ˣĺҡڿջƹס󣬱ֵϡ

ֵϣ̲Ÿտʼգʿ࣬඼ɫҴң󴦣ǰġ

ԼƬӺĺҡѾСĹ㳡ϡ
˴ȺʿǶֵصάÿһʿȡ͵ʯá

ȴУʿἰС֮£һʱǺ
ԭǴլԺ²ʲô֮أһħеĵطǰͼ̽լԺЩѶˡ

ҺðҺдǰ;˴ʱ˵ħ˵ذһ
û˭֪µǰǺأ

ҡҡͷΧһȦû˼ǰȻҲû֪ǰݡ
ԣп־塣

ֵصѾȫʯ룬ڿĿڡ
ƼһĻɵø̾λǰ϶һλΪĴܣֻд˾磬ӵ˺գֱӿߵ

˺գռйص
ֻΪ˵ʿҲŸռصķ
Ѱʿ볢ȥռ䷨Ҳ˵Ϊ˵֮ܲ;Ѱʿܵġ

ΪóȻ֮У
磬˺ʿ壬ΨдߵǲܳסŰ

ҰУڴ͹УҪ̽ʶǵʶ⵽ɡһУǸŲ𡣡
ֵصӽעһһִ̧򿪿ڶȴŴ͵ʿС

ڣסڵڶʿ
ĺҡŶӣ˳ƽ봫С̤ǰһĿϣͻȻۣܿȴδ쳣

ܵΨһǵп޵Լϵĺҡ΢˴ɫ糣̤УѰ˸վš

ƬӺڷԽĹ⻪ֵصתط

ʱһ˲ĺҡоĨԼϵͻأһ£ʱǿ
ϳɻδ뿪С
ڳɣ

ĺҡ˼ţĵֻҪٶһʱ䣬϶Ȼɢġ
ʱԼ֮µ֮٣Ȩж¶ϳɵƿȨȴ֪νԼ

ϾȨֻҫħطҲᵱҫνԼط
ȨɵɵҲֵز



Ĺ㳡ϣһ˲һߵСʹͬ⻪
һȺʿڴˡ

ѩʦãСϾһͨ󣬾Ϳ뿪ǰ򡣡
һϮµִһȣָЦԵѩŮ

ŮòţӨӨѩ׵ļԶɽü΢Բгξ

Ľѩԣ˳аָķȥƼ⻪δɢ
Ƭ̺߹ȥѯֵصӿʱ䡣

ķʯֻкĩʱ俪ڸղţѾһˡ
ֵصӽţƼǰѩŮŻλҪÿ󰡣͵ٵϰˡ

µףŻῪˡ

Ľѩԣᴹ⣬˼ʲô
᰻߹ѩʦãʱ䲢ɰ

ֵصӻҪĽѩ˼Ƭ̣ÿλá
ߵһԺŶᰣ϶ǹġ

ڽǼգ˼֮󣬲ž磬뿪ȥ
Ϊʲô£Ѷ󣬲뿪ġ
û뵽һɽЦкᰡ

˺ȥδᰱȥδ
ɽֲĵ̣ʦҲ˵ǿҪߡ

ңǰգһطΪʣҪץҲܰȻǸط

ĽѩĻµüۼ͸ż޹֮ɫĵβĨƷı죬Խ

ѩʦãɲô˵ʦҿˣҪһա᰿ڵ㵱ղǲţصȥѰҽҽʦ𣿡
ʵѩʦ룬ԽҶﲻܱǡ

ĽѩԣסŵңΪҲ˵ģô֮ܽˡ
ֲСˡ

˼ˣĽѩ֪Լ˵ᰵģĬȻתСȥ
ѩʦõȵҰˣߵЩġаȣ׷˹ȥ

Ľѩ̤Ĺ㳡۽ƳһӰŲ΢٣תȥ
ˡ


׷ƼĽѩĿ䵽ԶһϣǱЦЦһסĽѩĿ⣬ѩʦ˭ѵǸ˻ܱҺÿ𣿡

ĽѩŴ࿪һҸо
оʲôʵ

ԶվŵǸˣħĽѩγжЩã֮⣬Щ̫ȷԶǸӵ˵ò˾ʲôݡ
ǸˡϢо˲̫

ԣתȥЩɵѩʦǸо˰ɣ
ΪҲͣôʲôûо

Ľѩҧ꣬ƺЩԥ㡣
ʶһаħϢΪڳ֮ħֳ֣һġ

ǰգǸаһ˲Ծ֮
ɲԶǸˡоָ̫оȴ·Ĵһ㡣

񡭡֮ǰȹȴо˵Ǹħ
ЩĲȴΪǴû˵
һΣˡ
ŻħңĽұ

һΣһٴ
Ľѩָ߬⣬΢ȥ֮ʱȴһץסֱֹۣ

üͷѩʦã㲻ҪóȻжݾߵġ
ҡĽѩͼѿɵ

šᰶ

Ĺ㳡ϣĹ⻪ͣɢȥһлָ
ʱһĨ⻪ɢϳɾעſĿ˻
ӣȴϢ㣬ע⡣
֮Ȼʧ֮С

ĽѩһֱעһߵۼǸˡʱʧԶһЩ׷˹ȥ
ûֹסĽѩľٶ׷˹ȥ

֮һδĲᰲ˺յ
΢üң૵ˣ
Ǵ𣿡






54.  ʮ   ԶǸαӶѡ


û뵽ǳˣһ, Ȼһ۵Сϣһλߡ

Ӧ, תƼһʧģĽѩ, ͵ѩʦƣµ, һо˰ɡ

Ľѩǲҡ
оǸϵϢԾģе̫

ǸôͻȻͲˣĽѩʵ
᰽͵ֻд, ӵ˺յû뵽, һλߡ

Ľѩ, һ, ˰벽
, һλ
Ǵˡ

ĵģҪ˵, û֪ܳ𣿡
ʱĿѪҽĻٶȱ, Ľѩָ߬, Ժʱ㽫һεĽʱ˵Ļ
, 㽫, 뿪ˡ

Ľѩ, Ȳ, ֲ¡ƾʲôҪİ彻ȥأ

һڽڽڵһ, Ҳ
ĽѩҧŴ۽˲㱻ˮմȾ, ʪЩ
ʲôǴġ

һĽѩеʪˮ⣬һ˲̫СôͿˡ
Ȼ˿ҲǱһζģôϲͿ޿Сﰡ

˼ˣＫΪŤԼΪһͬʦΣӴռеݳһոµѩѩʦá
ѩϵһϸܵΣһ

Ľѩգۣע⵽ѩǴ񣬳ллʦ֡
лȴûнӹǷѩֻ̫ʦ˵ʦ͸ÿһʦõѩŲͬġ

ʦǽеĻˣʼѩ𣿡

ԣȴδбŭ̹ȻЦҼСްһСޣҾֻýұŵѩͳȥ˿޺ۣǲá
ѩʦÿɲҪٿˣҶʯЩѩ֮ˡ

ĽѩۣڱЦԾѹȴٱֳˡ

ֵʱʿԾС淢֮¡
һ˿жλǰƲ⣬Խ϶ղλǰž˴ħй֮ˡ

𡣡
ĽѩӦţȴԾ񲻶ĿᴹϵӰӣɬͬϸϸܵСţһеʧʹ࣬һеȥӱܡ



ļΪѩǣװعء

󽫴ʿˣĺҡȺ߳С
Ĵ͵ضһ˴ҲһĹ㳡
ѩ䣬Ⲽѩף֦ͷһѾ֦صѩѹ֦ͷ

Ĺ㳡ͨ˴·ְ˷
ĺҡ̧ȥܴһѰһ·߳Ĺ㳡

һ̤Ĺ㳡Խ
ֵ˽ʿ壬ȴͲס׷˺

ıǻԾ档
ĺҡһ˴ԼֻԾࡣ
˵غԣȴͬůʹ滺١

ززѩԭһӡһӡժİҪ˰ٰˣҪʮˣֻҪ˿ʯͿɽؼҰ

һ˱һһƴ˵ز

ĺҡһ·ȥǼ˲򱱾νزʿ
·ĳһ̯λʱ̯סλӿҪһ̯λϵĶ

ĺҡԭҡͷܾģ۽Ƴ˴̯λһõ֧黨ʱȻס

ͣסŲȥĿ̯λÿһӹָе֧黨ڵ黨

̯ЦλӺ֧ĺ黨Ա֤һϣ֧黨⣬̯λϰЩνĺ黨ȫǼٵġ

һ·ϣĺҡҲƼ̯λĸֶٲΰ롣
Ψ黨Ǽٵġ
Ҳֻλߵ̯λϣżһ֧ϢΪĺ黨

ĺҡӵй֧黨ôֱܻ治

̯ǰλ棬ڵӿҪ֧黨ǧʯһ鶼

Ҳ˵ʿѯʹ黨ļ۸񣬴ΧЩٻĳУ඼ôһ֧黨ļ۸ڸˣֵ

ĺҡԣ䴽Ц黨⣬Ҳ⣬Ҫڲժʹá
ѣһʱ䣬ṩ黨ȥ𣿡

̯ĺҡԣһŲδ
ĺҡ̹ȻȥҪ˴һ·

ѩԭϾ󣬾ݴʿǰѩԭʧУҲع·
һǰѩԭϵͳָ룬ָعġ
һǴؿռڽʮ⣬ʵ֮ǵһν뱱ѩԭ

һ̤ѩԭȥѩԭǻΪĸأ

黨ժֻڼ̵ʱڲŲɢʧԡ
黨ѰΪߵʿԣѻãҲֻ򱦸ӵѩԭ;
򱦸ڱѩԭۺ黨ҪǰԤȻ򱦸ڵʿ棬һʱܼвժ黨ɽס

ǰλܹһ֧ĺ黨ڴ˴Ȼǽʱѩԭġ
ңҪ۵̶ȣֲѾйܶ˵ġ

ĺҡⶢߣƼԥ飬ߡн뱱ѩԭĵͼ𣿡
ɫ΢΢ãҡҡͷڵûС

ĺҡ״֪λʲô˼޷Ӧ
ȻźҲ޿κΣܲǿȱ˴ȥֻõл

δ䣬һ˽ȵȡ
󣬱һΪªСԺǵǴСԺдġ

ĺҡ̧ȥ
һλŵµ˳
òȴ԰֪ģôģɫǲ԰׶Ѫɫ

ҪǡһΪ
һΪ꣬ȴھʿЩܲסıд

ִֵĺҡ⣬ڵ黨ҴѩԭժɳģҿԴȥѩԭ
һԵԣüͷдŲ֮ͬ⣬塭

ĺҡ΢û뵽ѩԭľһΪꡣ
͵ʱһʶ˺֢޷С

ҲܽΪһεҺΪܹڱѩԭ
ֺαء
ĺҡĬȻ˵ţֳһȥѩԭʲôʱ򣿵ʱ㡣

˼Ƭ̣Ӧա
ĺҡʱ䣬ٶȿʵΪ·˵ĻرҪʲô

һΣãʵ롭
ƺǿ뷨ǳɡ

ĺҡʶ֮䲢δãŵһֱЧΧ֮£Ҷŵ
ǳѰңڴ˴ɡ


壿
ĺҡ뵽塱ʱ鲻ײĶ£ȴΪ֪
λС塱꣬ʶԶ

ԣԭ԰׵ɫ͸Щ
δ忪ڣԵԶʱѾӵۣŭдϣµˣˡǲ·ˡ

侲ֹߵĶ˲Ҳ˲Ŀĺҡ⣬ƺĥĺҡ⽫ԼʶԶһڵ˼

ĺҡ̹ȻȥѩԭҪһ·̡ҽڵӵݣԼ˵õʱ֮٣ֵò졣

ڣԶʲôϵأ

ɽУ򱦸鲼طǰȴ֪򱦸󱳺˭
򱦸չͷã䱳ҲС

ֱĽұһҡµĸҶ½ҵͷδ
ӵ򱦸ңƣΪҶ¡򡢸Ĵ֮½ҡ

ڴʱ
Լǰɣͷ֮ʱȴ˱ҵȨԲ˳λȨӵܸϾɱŵȨ˵λá
±ڸҲҴҳΪ½ĵҵͷ

Զ
Զһһ۶ⲻ𣬿ȴң

ұŵͬգܿ˳ϣǳ˾ǰһգҵһִʰ˰뿪ңҡ

·˽ӽ˲ɵò²֡
˵ԶΪԼײݵ²ŷȻҳߵģ˵ұ֮£Զȥ˽¶ġ
һʱ䣬йҵĸִԵҷɡ
ڵԶȴȫտڲ̸

ɽ֪¾ˡ
ڡ·Уȴἰһ¡
ʮҼأԶִ֣򱦸νԶ
Զصңһӣ˲ѪȨߵλý˻ȥ

ԶȨλһΪ֪˽ԳΪ¡
ӽ֮ɴ˴

Ѫһ֡
ʱӦǸꡣ

塣
ĺҡⲻɵøпһԼʲôˣôһΣɶ¶أ

ԶǸαӶѡ̲סãȴ丸ȻλȨɱ֧Ѫ

·УΪԶ조ӽɷѿġ
˽ԳԶΪΪˣȴʼûʸȥһеġ
Զ£ǳڱģǱ֮ģΪӮһ


һͳȴڱ֮ڣʱ֮ˣʼ޷̤֮·һջعΣ
һԸ˼ݵλɾһ֮ȴһ۵㣬ʱҲġ

壬֮ǣŮ
Ȱ˵ţѾƽĺҡ⣬ڵԶǽڵӣʶ֡

ҪޣҪŰԶڸһϣ
Ӧð֧򱦸ҵʿ𣿡

ûġ૵






55.  ʮ   ҲһĴ󡭡


忴ĺҡ, ҲΪǽڵӣʶԶĻ٣ɷġ

ĺҡ״, ٶ, ֻѰ㡣
˵գ˸, ȥһֵϣѰһҿջס
ڵ洫ڱ, еͨġ

˵, յʱҪһЩ, ҹȴǼ̵ġ
ĺҡڿջ, ķת˺ü졣
۳翴ȥʱɫԾ, ȫȻûаҹɫ֮⡣

ʱ붨ӦѾȥüʱˡ, ɫԼ˸ˡ

˼Ƭ, ĺҡ⽫Լȡûʶǰһ˲, Ȼ뵽һΪҪĵ, Ҳǰ˵ϸڡ

Ǵؿռݻɽеıѩԭ, Ϊδǰÿȥ, ҹ, ǴؿռҲǺҹ, ǰգ

ĺҡĥƬ̣ĬȻһʶ֮̽С
⻷һ䣬۴ѩס
ǡ, ǰգȴǰҹĻ֮¡

ĺҡڴ˴ؿռı仯ԽԽеȣ̽ʶѰһҲδκ֮
ڴ˴ռġѩԭڣһϸ΢ı仯ʶ֮У˿

ȻӦҪ·ˣԸ׼ȨԼ

ǰν˴ռ䣬ĺҡⶼѡѩڷȥ
һΣ˺һҲûλīǰ֣ѡѩȥ
һ߷ⲿ·һ飬С

ҹɫ٣ʱٴθ֮ʱĺҡŴѩԭߵѩԭԵ
ʱ䣬λǰûгֹ

ĺҡ״ɵЩġ
ֻǣλǰֻҹ֣Ǳ˿̶Ѿʢ֮
һҹҪ׹üʱŵ

ĺҡѹе˼ʰƬ̺󣬱˿ջȥѰ塣
ʱڰ̯

һĲ£ݵһ򵥵󣬲¹ճĺݹᾡ

ĺҡһԵһûȥλ֮ദҲδ˵̫Ҷǰȥæ
ʶһգóȻǰȥæ֮٣Ÿˡ

ԼƬӺæ֮󣬽ȡһ󣬲תĺҡ⡣

ǸһЩʱ䡣
ĺҡҲûȶá

˳Сȥ
СԶ󣬾ҲƲһۼ֮ء
ĬǰţÿһʱңͣϢƬ̡
ĺҡ״дߴ٣ȴǶܳѩԭĺ֮Щ档

ƺǲĺҡĿ⣬ʱʱһѰһطϢƬ̵ļ϶ʱ֮ʱЩ׷ɱǧﲻݣ廤סң㵽

ʱ޳ҪȥѩԭժȡĵرȡʯһΣΪһĵرˣҪһѩԭֲˡ

ҾóȻܽѩԭС

ʱףﶮѩԭգֻƾһɶҪֲɻľǿѩԭ
֪Լʱжãߵʶģ֮ʣԶͻȻһع⡣

ʱ׷ƹȥ׷˺ܾã׷ͷȴһͷһ׵ĿƹսѾ忪ʼů͡

Ҵǰġ

Сʱϴ跥ǣҸΪҵ޵츳Ѱĵرŵܷ

ƹϣͬϴ跥һζʣʼۣǧϸҵѪ֮С

ұʧȥ

ĺҡԣɳƹ⵼޷еģ


̽һ𣿡
ĺҡ⿪ѯʣõͬ󣬱ȥָ䡣

һϴ跥ǣʱϳ˵ʡ
ȴ˵Ϊƹ⵼޷С

ĺҡ̽ջ֣ڵҲδκζ쳣֮ʴӦʺеʡ

Ϊλǻֲе
ĺҡ˼ãǲ⡣

̫ˡƹϣٴνһϴ跥ǣ޷ɽе

ֹôô죿
ĺҡüͷ˼һ˲еϵͳ˵һ

ƹ⣬ѵǼɹ⣿

Щ꣬ǵһ˵ɹ⡱һʣɻؿĺҡ⡣

ĺҡգۣӼҳһϵͳἰ֮¡
һżϿɹϹɽͶĹ⻪мɹ֮зϽ֮ͨ·

ϵͳ֮ǾϹɽĵطϹʱʿǴӼ̤֮գӶ֮ͨ·ǰɽ

ĺҡ͵ݴϹɽɽеʲͬϹʱʿ֮ʱ֮ͨ·Ͻ¼ɹ⣬ϴ跥ǣʿתΪǰɽ磬С

ԣȴЦ£ڵ˵Ҳ޷Уֻ޷ֻȥд˵Ϲɽ𣿡

һ˽˳Ĭ֮С
ϹʱţɽУ۷ΪҲͲŴ˾磬˵ܹ漰ʿû
̸ֺϹɽأ

ҪҵϹɽ磬ǳ˵Ρ

⣬̧޾ѩԭͷߣӹһ˿㣬ɵƹ⣬Ǽɹɡ

ʱ򣬱ƹϣҵɴ˷˱仯ϴ跥ǵʹҵʶģҾͻ˹ȥ

֮ʱѾСŴﻹҼиûҵֲ

廰΢٣ʶģ֮ʱƺǼһӰǰ

ĺҡԣ˼˽ˣֲУͳѩԭ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷ˵Ǽɹ⣬ҵġϹɽ˰ɡ

ĺҡȴôã˵΢ʵǵʱûмλ˵ӣʲôɫ·ʲôͷ

ҵʱʶѾģټŹϡֻǵһϮ¡
ĺҡԳɣʵλ˵ͷ᲻ɫѩһɫ

΢٣ڵŹ⣬ʶģ֮Ƽģѩһɫܺÿһλܺúˡ

ĺҡһڵ飬֪ڵλˡż˾һ
ºڰУȻֵһƹ⡣

ҲһĴǰ
ĺҡᡱʱȻ˴ǰڽڽϣԽʱ䳤λǰ

ԣǺأ
ûкѽĺҡЦ£̹Ȼ

ʲô
Եɺ֮£ʱ䳤ӣϹʱλǰеһԻѡ

֮䣬ʱ̸ⷬԽʱ䣬ǵãҡǵá
ʱ䳤λǰӦλ֮ˡ

ݷۡ
Ӧǽֵġ
ĺҡĬȻ˵š

ȻԭһһƳ

ĺҡԣȴüͷЩ̫ȷǸ˾ǽλСʦ档

˵˰ɣֲҡ
λȨϾɱֻʣôһ硣

˵岻Ұɣ˶ʿļɹ⡣
ǣʿ˵Ϊļɹ⣬ȴǵġס

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ԽԽԽλСʦΪеˡ
صһˣǡһλˣ

ϢƬ̺ٶȳ
ʱѩԭУѩԽԽ

·ǵڴ˴µһѾ̽ɵͨ
ֻʣһ֪·פڴ˵򱦸һֱͼѰҳҵ̽·ȴһֱ

Ƭӣĺҡһѩɽ¡
ѩɽһ֮ѩںذѩµһʯϴȥѩ¶Լ

ڵϣһȻȥʯӦȻ򿪡ѩɽߴѩҲ춯Щ

ĺҡƼһĻȴͻȻҵͨɣ㾹ȻԥľʹͲĻ죬˺ıӺ𣿡

ʯźվתĺҡ⣬ȻƹʸȴǸһЩôġ磬Ϻ֮ܿȬԼܸоõÿɫ

ɫģǸħ壬а֡
ɫǰռСˣ̰ʿ
ɫ˼ء
һĺɫǴĻ֮ˡ

аɫֻڸճӤϼɫʣ覡
ɫֱ˲ͬ˲ͬƷԣδ

ͻȻƵʲôƵ
ĺҡ˵̲סĬȻ²һ䡣
νļɹ⻹ˣ

Ͽģɫͬտһ㣬ҫۡӵ⻪ˣԲĻ֮ˡ

ĺҡԣɰҵĽͽ⽣
ƺǲԼڽ̸ҲἰԼ⽣΢΢һҪһȦ

ĺҡ˳ƽ⽣˳
⽣һʣտ⻪޾ѩ֮лһĹ⻡

Ƽ⽣ӳĽʱһԣϼĹ⻪ͬе⽣Ľһ㣬繣Ĺ⻪
̲סƯĹ⻪ҲǺܺÿĽ

⽣ĺҡ΢΢⻪ֳʢһ˲ڽһ㡣
ĺҡ䴽Ц£⽣ллĿޡ

գգۣĺҡ⽣Ŀд֮⡣
عĺҡʯС

ʯһͨ
һ·߽ȥ롣
Ҷǰķڴ˿ٵһݾ

ѩԭ֮ϣʱʱѩǣһкۼ٣˷ֱ治巽
ɵȴͬڵ޳һֱָѩԭ·㲻ʧֻҪһ·ǰ߱ǡ

ͨԣƵڴ
ĺҡ̧ȥ˴ʹõƣһ㳤

һССϸڣɿҵĲֻǿϧˣұλȨֻһˡ
򱦸չͷȻʢڶʮڣ½ĵҳ֡

Ҫȥ𣿡
ͨڣĺҡ塣

һյƣεշͶӰóġ

ԣȴûͷǰ·ڵҪһȥ
ʵ㣬Ҫȥ𣿡ĺҡٴγһ顣

ǰǣ㹻
ûлشĺҡ⡣

ĺҡЦ£ҪֱԲҵ̸ܶʵﻹҪȥİɣֻǾԼ㡣

ΪûԲȥ룬ȥش𡣡
ĺҡͨڣɱֲֻһַ

˶˵ԶǾӣ丸Ϊм֮Ϊ顣
ʱĺѣѪϵǰأ
ɱ壬游󻼣ػأ

ԶһСأ
ѡ񵱾أ

ĬȻֻǾǰš
ĺҡҲٳʱߵͷʱһֳʵڿŵĹ⻪Ҳɫ

ָڴһʯŵĻϣĺҡ⣬ڵˣɫǴ覣񿴼ģɫ

ͬһտɫ
ʲôأ
˺ҹϣ






56.  ʮ   ݷĽ⡭


, ˺Ѻҹĵһƹ⣬һУڰ

˵, ְ̧Ǵ, ʯӦһ̽
ʯŻ, ӿһһʸ
Ź, ò, ü۵

ĺҡ״, ˳˹ȥ
ջ, վ

ݣ
ѩХ
˲Ÿһ߳ʯŵһ˲ѩԭ֮ͻأһХ, ĺҡ⽫֮˹һԶȥ

һ֧ʸ, ҽѩ
һ죬ѩ׷
, ĺҡⷴӦ֮ʱ, ⽣Ȼ, տ⻪ӳ, ֱָǰż֮ˡ

ݣ
, ֧ʸӶ, ֱڵķ, һֱȡ֮ơ

Щˣ
ĺҡ⽫ѩ˳һ, ⽣նȥ
ͬʱʶ̽ѸٽڰǼ

ĺҡӳ֮ʱķѩ֮Ļһ㡣
⽣ָ֮ѩۣݺ֮⻯ʵ壬һ֧֧ı

Ǽôǵģôɱȥ

ת˲ԶƬѩɽը
ѩɽδļ޴Σֳ

ĺҡӽƽ֮£⼸˽ֻһڡ
⽣һݣס˭ɱ˵ģ

˱סĿ˸ƼĺҡģֻڵǱֻΪɱСӵģû뵽һξȻһ

߹ɫƽѩеˣʵΪͨ𣿡
˱첻𣬿ɴɫĺҡѾƳЩꡣ

ĺҡԭΪЩɱ壬ǷҼ
תһ룬֪䣬СͶˣֺαصѩԭأ

ңҼҪ壬ΪȷһʧôԪӤΪʿɱˡ

СһδﾭʱǾע⵽ˣûһת۾͸Ӱ
Ʒڵϵ˷

⼸ͬѩĴ˽ʮգŵȵһγ֣ȴһΡС߾Ȼһʿ
ʿͬΪģû뵽˵սȻǿ

ĺҡţȴﲻ̫Ծ
һ˼ţһ߿壬ʵˡô죿

⼸Ҫɱˣ壬޹ء
ҪôҲ
վĽǶϿǣ͸նݳԾ󻼡
ɱ֮ģǷˣض

ĺҡ⾲壬ķӦ
֣֮߬ɫ

ңôʵ

ĺҡԣһüһˡ

廹̫٣ԴԾɻв֮ġ
ƼԥĺҡĬȻ˵

ʹŰѩеǸˣַָ߬ſ߬
˷κڿڵǾ͡
ɱ˰ɡ

°仰δ˵ڣѩͻȻһ䣬Ƽס
ڴʱѩеͻȻײĺҡе⽣ѪԲӿ

Ѫѩ쳣ۡ
Ѫζɢ̼ڱѩеԽ͡

ɫ΢䣬ѩܡ
ѩڱѩԭУݺѩԭİ֮һ̬Ȼȴ쳣͡
Ѱʿѩ£ֲһơ

ѩԭ֪ãʲôģһҲûѩܳû
һΣЩѪĴ̼ѩ˹

Ѫ˳Ž⻬䡣
ĺҡȻջؽָӹһ⣬ýྻ⽣ϵѪɾ

ѩθߴѩԭһһӡ£ѩǱ˿ȥ
ƺѾ׼ĺҡڵķһһƽҪ̽Уһٵʳ

ĺҡ⽣Ѿ಻ס΢΢

һ˲ѩᵽԽŨѪϢñܹ
ĺҡһӣգ֮ѩͷ֮ϣ⽣£տ⻪


һ˲ѩΪ֮
˵Ǳѩԭ͸ĺҡ

Ľ⣡

ѩܱŰĽ⻮ˣֹס˻ĴķѩѩмӵĽȴצӻơ

𣡡
ʱһ̣ԭֻ׼ʳѩڱգѩëһ˫ԲĺҲѾ໯
ֻܽ뵽ŭ񻯽׶Ρ

ĺҡż㣬һ㣬һǷ½һȡ
׹е⽣һ㣬ҫۡ

վԶŰķѩĻ֮µŮӡ
ĺҡ˹ϴ
壬ǲû˸˵ֻҪԥͻܱ

΢
ĺҡʼҪνǸ˵ʱͿ˵ɾĽǸˣ㲻һͷײ⽣ϡ
ѪŽѩܡ

ԥˡ

տ㸲µ˲䣬Ĺ⻪һ˫γ֮С
ӳһϣĹ



Ծǰһ׷㡣
ٽޣмһμ޵ĽԼ֮ơ

ĺҡ⽫θߴѩܽ䣬̤ѩ֮ϡ
⽣ȥ

ԥͻܱ

ĺҡƼݼĶݣǰиˣʲô¶ԥԼǸˣԥڻþУҵƳþʱҲԥԼĸʱҲҡڲԥ

Ȼأ
˾ʧȥ㣬ʧȥ˽Ļᣬʧȥ˺ܶ࡭

ɵѵ㣿
ĺҡԣݼСѯʵģЦˣüȻҡ
ƫƫͷ壬㿴ңԥ𣿡

ǸԥˣĽѩⰡ

ĺҡ⣬̹Ȼҡͷ񡣡

ⲻͶˡ
ĺҡӦ˵ţһתֵ㿴ˡ
Ĭ֮С

ĺҡ⽫⽣ϵѪɾʹ佣ѩ⽣
һʩʰѩϵĲо֣һ߶壬㿴ȴˡ

ܹԥгɣΪǲǿʱ̻һԵʱ򣬲Ϊһʱԥɥ

㲻һʱ̶ǿлӣвİΣ
ĺҡ״˵ţʰĶźá
˵ЩֺγڶԼ˵ء

ѩǽ峹ɾĺҡվת壬´ǣлл·Ҫժʲô𣿡

ãŻعӦҪΧժһЩֲȥ塣
߰ɡĺҡͷ

ѩԭиָΪֲԸ죬ЧҲ졣ժûСȥȴǼܻӭġ
СϣʿðѩԭΪ˶ժһЩֲԻȡʯά衣

ЩѩԭϤ
δֲ죬һ

ŹԼʱѾڼõֲժ֡

ҵһѶǰŵҪλ崫Ѷҡĺҡ΢ָ̧⣬һտС

ٴλصǴʯŴɵؿĺҡ⣬Ҫڱѩԭã

ĺҡⲻ֪ԼʲôʱҵλСʦ棬㲻̫ȷҡҡͷҲȷ

ĺҡⲻȷʱع飬ԼһذףԼĸȥ
ıƣѪƿ֮С

֮ͨ⣬޷ʯŻصġҪֻͨ߳ҵѪǻϣʯűٴο
彫ռѪװСƿ֮Уݸĺҡ⡣

ĺҡƿеѪʩһлл
΢򴽣ҡͷҡ

ƿеѪĺҡתʯŴȥҵǴء
ʯӦ

ʯ֮УʯٹرǰȻףѾԶǵӰĬȻ
ԺУǴǰǵտĽ⡣
þСʱѩԭʱơɹ⡣
貶ҫۡ



ĺҡͬת׷׷ѩ֮С
Ǵؿռ֮УڡѩԭѾǺϤˣ·Ѱȷķ
ȥͶˡ

ѩڣλѩԭ
ĺҡһ·򱱣ȥ
ѩڱֱ䣬͸׺Ĺ⻪
͸ѩڣɿк嫹һ֮ع

ĺҡͣפѩڰٲ֮⣬˼
ҪôҵλСʦ棿

ĺҡһ˼ţѩ˿΢ߵʯͷ
ֻҪһ˼ʱϲĥ

һΣλ׷ѩµǰôһֳš
СĴλѩǰĽ⣿

ǰѩƮ䣬һĨѩĺҡ۽֮ϣ䣬֮仯ȥ
ĺҡգۣ뵽һȽϽķ

⽣ָһĨӿ뽣۳һ⣬ڰ֮С
ⲻ糤ӨӨտĹ⻪

ĺҡһʹ
ѩ콣ֻҪбĽǿв룬ضἤ⸴ա

ǵտת˲ѩǰ佣գ֮ȫն
տⲻ糤ͬǺ嫽ȣ֮׺

콣⼴СĽ֮ʱһֻ޳̽Ĩҡտġ

֮ģǺ嫽Ȼ֮ͣС

ĺҡȥӳĿеģһѩ½ǡ
˳һϮѩ¼ѹۡ

ʱĺҡһȴ֮С
ͬòʣȴһѩһÿ˪ǰ֮˵òǴؿռĺǰû

˵һģһ
ͬһˡ

콣䣬ͬ
ĺҡĬȻ˵ţǰ̫֮嫣һʱ侹


ϤĻĺҡʱæվ
ϵǿ˸⣬֪ǰ˵ݡ

ʱĺҡվݷ۲ᴹ⣬̯ģĨտ⻪ݹȥĽ⡣






57.  ʮ   Ҳ


糤տֻ޳, ȻûбϢػȥ״̬һ㡣

óȻ̽뽣Ľۼǽ֮̽źš
޶౩, һбĽ̽, ضʲôҲܲʣȽƽն˵

ĺҡֻеտ, գۣǰλСʦԸ˳֪
Ǹϸ硣

ĺҡ΢, ȥһ, ĨտɻС
, ΢, ˻ȥֻѩХ

ʱ˿, ĺҡ̧ȥСʦ棬ҽĺҡ, μ棬ա

ݷ, 콣δɢ, ն, ĺҡķȥ, Щȴָһ㡣

ܹ
ݷһ۱㿴ĺҡ˿̵״̬, һ, Щܵظ
ֻ, ҲȥĺҡԵɣ

ĺҡԣһ, ĵλСʦá
ϲһϻҲ˵ֱӸ¶Ĵǰ

ݷǰһѩ緭ɣһĻȡԭ֮ͣеĽķֿһƹӭĻع顣

ĺҡ෽Զֿսƺʲôš

ᴹ⣬ԼĨī¶⽣Խһĳ嶯καһס޷жѡ

ݷ㣬Ŀ赭дӹĺҡ¶īߣ͵Щⲻѡ
ɫʯõʵأö

ĺҡԣŷԼСʦ֮ѾЩ룬æӿŲߵСʦࡣ

Ѿѩǰ
ѩӦ㣬һֿ

ĺҡ̧ȥ
ʱվѩڽǰų׿ǰѩеھҲһֱ嫵Ĺ
ȥԱѩɣҫ£ԾӨ͸ع

̫𣿡
ݷڣż
̫ˣѾܾûиܹˣ֪Ѱʿ᲻е䡣
˴Ǳѩԭߺ⡣

ᡣ
ĺҡҡҡͷ͵Сʦ棬Ǳʿ䣬û׼ʺء

ݷᴹ˼Ƭ̣˴˿һԺ⡣
˴ϣȴѩܹһԺӡ
ҪǣԺԲһյȫź黨

˴һԺӣǲġ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ѯʵס𣿡

ĺҡֻۣҶԵģɡ
˵ţȴЩ棬ôһѩյģطõ

ú黨֮
ݷԺ黨֮õķþ񡭡
ʹù㡣

ʱѽȻճҹ̣˿̵Ѿʼб
Ӱã͸ͷƣϣԾš
ķΧԾĹţ˼ᡣ

ĺҡ̧⣬ײһ˫С
ڿʲôݷע⵽ĺҡĿ⣬ʵ

ĺҡȻѣĿһѩϣЦСʦ£ҵһμôÿͷԿˡ
ݷ΢ƺΪĺҡ̹ʧһ˲ŵлл

Ծţбƶȥ
ݷ̧⣬ɫȺúϢ
ĺҡվΣСʦ棬ټ

ĿСʦȥ֮ĺҡջĿ⣬ȥסһ⣬ˡ
ԣλСʦżȥ
ҹʲôٵ

ĺҡ߽ԺУԺǽб֦ʸţϣǶߴҵع⡣
ֵعȻߣ֦ʱʧȥ˹⻪

Ժеװμ£ǡô
ĺҡĴתתǽԼÿյճ꣬ͣ¶˷䣬

ֱʱѩԭϷĻѾκһع⡣
ҹɫ٣ƲƼ䣬߹ҹĻ֮µֳ
ԲȱǰղԲ֮ҹҹѾʼ𽥱ȱˡ

ĺҡ֮ڴϣ˼Ű¡
ξȥ棬ѾһѶˡ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡȻԼȡֳһʶûȥ
Σһʶ̽룬ǴؿռС
һΡ

ĺҡüͷ˺üΣƺûʲô仯
ȥˣ

ĺҡ⽫У΢˼Ƭ̺š
Ѿ·ǵԲ·

ҹѩУĴз⻪飬յ͸ȴּž
ĺҡѩ֮У»ˮɴ

ԼƬӣĺҡͣסŲǰƻԺӣһ˲
ȷǸ·գţƻԭ

˼˲䣬ĺҡ΢
˵ؾȻһ󷨴ڣ
ˡ

һ顣
һ߲ȥǾͿܾ˹ⲻȥҴʱСʦˡ

Ű·ߣĺҡٴһΡ
ʱ;ڷЩı仯֮
ƹһﲻͬϸ΢֮ǰȥ
ԽǰߣԽ

Ȼʱ㲻Ǹöڴ˿̣ѹƲסԼĺ档
˶һԣԽǲȥ飬ԽҪȥ

һϵͳҪȥĽ֮¡
ײøͷѪҲԹ޻ڣĸԸ

ĺҡתòֺ
ҹѩе֮أҹʱ䡣

ʱҹɫŨʱƿ˰ȼɵһ˲̤ǰһ䣬ٶȽͻԺ档

ĺҡ⾲ԼµӰӡ
ʱǡĺǶԵģɲǡĺ淴кġ
֮ŲԼķ䡣

ա
է֮ʱĺҡۣ˹ʼһ֮ڳ
Լһʱ֮⽣ţȥλСʦ档

ƺǵ˰ҹǹֵ󷨾ͳʧˡ
ĺҡ˳˳İԼе·ߣҵ

һϮѩµСʦվڵУ۽ᴹȴǡôᡣ

ĺҡ߽
ĽŲСʦתˡ
Сʦ档

ĺҡԼǰ彻̸ʱĲ²⣬ʵСʦ棬ѩԭ֮ǰһꡣ
Ϊʱһʶ޷С˵ʱļйһ֮ʱ뿪ѩԭ

ĺҡҾСʦأСʦ£ɻӡ󣿡
ݷ૵һС

ĺҡգۣ³ӡ̵һĻܶǰСʦԣ·Ϊ֮顣
Ҳ²ǣǸС޷ΪǴ˵еļɹ⡣

˵СݷۿܲǵԼֶΪ֮һС£ϼɹ⣬ǵˡ
ҼǵãԼ߰꣬ɹ⡣

ĺҡԣһСʦ棬޷еҪôܼأ

ݷۿĺҡ⣬Ȼ֪ɹ⣬ӦҲµСڣø

ĺҡ⿴ʵ⣬޷Ǿϴ跥̫ɽе֮ȴ޷
ҪôǰϹɽȥУҪôϴ跥ǹȵʽһʹʲҪô

˼ˣĺҡɵ̫һ
ݷӦ

ĺҡƫƫͷȴǲǸôأ
ֻ֪Ҫ֮ĲӸ
ħصɽʱħ޷ڣѡϴȥеħʹָ

һֽǶȵĻǲǿأ

ĺҡ˼ˣǲǡҲ⣿

ɽķֻܽ˽ڵĳ̶ȣ޷ߵĳ̶ȡݷ͵ķǿеġ

ԭ𣿡
ĺҡ૳̧Сʦ棬ö

Դ֮һֱ˼νɽݵ⡣
˼ãҲԼļѰãҲûҵ취

ǰֻΪ֮Ĳӣû뵽ķܷá

ĺҡ⻹ǵõϵͳԶ򱦸֮ιʱἰһ䡣
·Уļֻһμ򵥵Ļ
첻޷У򱦸λʮ꣬ǰδѪã֮󣬾κѪ

ݷĺҡεĿޣҲ






58.  ʮ   ҹӣѰŶ


ĺҡν޷е, ˼Ƭ̣ȵһʱ԰ָ֮¸֪

˼, ĺҡ̧ȥ, ͵Сʦ棬ھŷ彣ֿ, ǰἰ㣬˵СʦҲ, ʺҡ

ͬ, ĵİɡ

ݷ, Ŀ˲Ҳ˲ĺҡ, ʵҪȥѧ𣿡
ǡĺҡɳ

ʵʵ˵ݷ۵
ĺҡ̹ȻҾǲҪ˽ȥѧ

㻹ˡ
ԡ

ôɽвֹһ, վǰģȴֻһˡݷỺ֪Ϊʲô

ĺҡƬ, Ҳ£Ϊӵǵ˴ӹ͸ǹɰ벻ľ

, ͸ǽл, κγ֮¡
ȻȻ, ӵǵ˻þȻһӵǵ˻ϡ
ǾǸ˭˭أ

˵ʵ, ĺҡδ, λСʦ治ǸĽ, һˡ
ڴСʦ, ΪһޣὫһޣޡ

ἰᡱһ, ĺҡһλΪڽĴǰ
˵ӣ񰡡

ǾáһǣͲеڶǣһУԲ㣿ĺҡƲ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬Ϊң

ĺҡգۣ𵱳ڽλСʦͷʱĺ棬ڵΪ档

ڽλûСʦ棬ڡ·ԭΪδӲἰˣǶҲûУɽлǽʣһλʿǺַɡ

ĺҡָ΢оǡҲһǣͲһ֮档

˵ǹ¶ģ·ûͬҫ֮Уͬһ̶ˮ㣬Ȥ
׷оС

УֻǸöȤ
ҪȺҫҹղŸء

ֻҪϵͳѣȥǧ֮ȥһ

֮·ǹ¶ģҸҪһıӰԴﵽ߸Զ֮ĺҡƫƫͷĿͶǰλСʦ棬ˡ

ҵӰ𣿡
ĺҡҡҡͷҲȷ

ݷҵġ
ҲûҵġĺҡͷӦ

ڵҪܵĪҪǰеĽŲ
ݷĺҡһ˫γƽ

˵գݷ۴Ǵк黨ĵطһժһ֧黨
ĴӿֳһĨں黨֮ϣ仺飬һĨƴСţƸĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ״ֽ˹
Ĩ黨һӴģû֮䣬Уһһ

ÿտ˴ժȡһ֧黨һ˲Ż᳹Ȭݷ۽͵

ĺҡⰵתķƶ黨ҩЧ
۽ⴥһƬ黨һͷĶ

һƬ黨ȻڴˣΪ˵ġ
󣬲Żд˾ٶ

СʦأĺҡȻʵ
ݷ۴Ŀ⾲עǰһƬ黨أѾҪˡ

Ҳ˵ǰĳһʱ̣Ҫģ
ĺҡ΢뵽ǰҶ˵ǸΪؼʮޣɵò²һ¡

ǰҪ֮ʱһֱչƬ黨أҪˣƬ黨ؾͽչˡ
ݷ˵գּ̧佫һ򽻸ĺҡ⣬ֺ黨ط

ĺҡ״૵һΪ黨ǲҪΪȥܵء

Сʦ棬һСİѺ黨ˣ᲻ᡭĺҡЩĿڵ
᲻ң

ݷԣеһĺҡĻ˷ִ㵡
һʵ㲻𣿡

ĺҡգգۣ̹Ȼҡͷᡣ
Сʦ𣿡

δ䣬ĺҡԼ˾ϻ
Сʦ治ôһƬ黨ôأ

һݷʣſγУѾЩ𣿡

ޡ϶ר̽ܰĺҡָ⣬ֱԵ
ڵȺӣһ첻ܣͻˬ

ݰֲЩ鶼ֲʦרġ
ĺҡţƼСʦڡֲʦһʼΪİһΪֲʦ

ҵרǽʿУһȺǰֻ֪ܵʿڵޣһȺԶʿĺҡָһһ͵

ĺҡ˵˴ƳݷۣɵԣҲ̫Ѻ黨ˣСʦ᲻ң
ݷʧЦᣬһ㡣

ĺҡǸԵͷллСʦ档
˵գʶ֮̽С

֮ϸ˺黨̬ԼҪѩˮʲôʺϵȵȡ
ȵĺҡ⿴֮󣬱ֱǱķʽ̡̳
˶ԼѾˡ

ĺҡݷʵɻʲôģ
ĺҡ⿪ڵѾ͵úˣʵʲϿģ϶һġ

ݷ۵ԡ
ĺҡԣָ̧֣̽⴦ӳһĨտ

ݷ۵Щ

һ
ĺҡԼָ⴦ϸ΢仯ָ̽ȥĨ಻ٵһ֧黨֮ϣ˲û롣

룬Ƕԭպϵĺ黨ſ΢΢ҡҷŻ֦Ө͸Ĺ⻪

ĺҡ̲סȥʶϸ֧黨ı仯
ݷ𣺡ҪÿնͬЩ黨ÿһˡ

Ҫ׼ķֳͬշÿһ֧黨ҪķѵҪ٣
ĺҡ˼⣬վʱݷѾ֪ںʱ뿪˴˵ء

ĺҡվں黨ǰָ̧ʱһĨտӿʶţֳͬĨ
ƺǾòٴ̽ʶĨΪģķΪˣ˷Ϊʮ

ʱʶƣ֮ʱĺҡͣ
۴ϰĨͬ
ЩҪһƬ黨أȴЩġ

ĺҡ΢Ŵ΢ٴ̽ʶƺƵĹ̡
ʱһһŵһƬ黨ȫ֮ʱѾʼб

ĺҡվԭʶı仯ԼӿͻȻˡ

Уֲʦʲôأ
ЩݲУ
ɽУóýУʶĴ
һһֱѰҴʶķúȴû뵽ԭֲʦԼһ״ʶķ

Ƭ黨أҪĲҪľ׼ƣԼʶĲٿء
ĺҡգۣƺ²⵽λСʦġ

һսնСܾƽСʦ档

ĺҡսԼе˼
СʦӣϸϸݡòҲдİɣ

ƣӰʼ仯Ī⡣
ĺҡվԺſڣƼɫı仯
ʱҹɫ֮ʱֳһʶͼٴνǴؿռ䡣
˺üΣûа취С

ĺҡȥסҹĻ֮´»ԣΡ
仰翣֪ڶԼ˵ģǱ΢˲ԶΪš

˵գĺҡתصԺеķ䣬ʼҹС

ļĺҡÿյƺûôй仯
Ȼ࣬ú黨
ʶٿ׼ÿһ֧黨ϣռÿĴ󲿷ʱ䡣
ҹٳܲһʶ̽ǴؿռС
ǲܣһ䡰Ρ㿪ʼһյС

֪䣬ȥ˰¡
ʱһգĺҡڽ黨ʱһѶ֮С

һѶҶͷ⳯ĺҡ

ĺҡ⣬ôûѡҪһʮ½洫棬ûѡðһˡһµʱ䶼ֹˣʱû洫ӣ͵ſޱӰɡҲȥҵһЩʱģ

ĺҡһ˲û뵽ôΪ洫һµ˰
ûظҶѶڶѶžˡ
һǷȻѶҶһϵƣѯҪѡһͷеġ

ţѶĺҡڿ˴ڼյСԵܡ
ĺ㣬ǲǲѡŷ֮еһطаĺ㣬еһ

ڲ֮𣬶һһһ顣

ĺҡ⾲ţһĵط
Զ΢壬ΪҶ״ӣš·չġ

ǣĽѩûܳΪ洫֮󣬾ѩҲûѡ̫壬Ϊ̫洫ӡ
ѩΪ˴ȵڶܵŷ룬ȴѡΪ洫ӡ

ݽ²⣬ѩѡԭ
һǿɼ٣ɼŰġ
ǳŸһȥġ

ĺ㣬ҾλֱҰĲ壬ҪȥѹСʦһͷ

ڡ·ԭУѩĽѩǰʼͶõ̫壬塣

һĺҡЩȵϢǣĽѩⲻѩɽˡ
ȻԵ棬Ľѩˡ⡱صᰣòһȥˡ

ݽ˵ʱѩδҶǿҶԲɽ
ȻѩҪõɽȥᰴĽѩ߸

ˮģǡ·ԭѩǿ֮һ

ĺ㣬ѩˣɽȥˣҲ֪ʦְĽʦú嵽ȥˡЦʲô
ѶЦһ룬ĽѩҲϲһͣδЩʧ

ĺҡ̲סЦʼҶȻͽظѶ
һк󣬲żֳԽ黨

ѩԭĺҡⲢǺջ
٣ľ׼ƿأһ̨ˣԼʶԽˡ

УٶҲԽԽˡ
ҪյʱֻҪһʱʱͿԽһ̡

ĺҡժһ֧黨ָ⴦ӿһĨ黨飬ţû֮䡣
黨ӿ֮УһĨů㣬Ϣ֮

ʱķתһ죬ĺҡԼгӯ֮⡣
ͻƵǰס
ֿҪͻˡ

ĺҡᴹ⣬˼Ƭ̣ڻʱѡͻ֮ѹȥ
ϸ΢Ųתȥ
һϮ򵥰£ް廷ѹۣһѩ΢΢ü۵

ĺҡĪþ㲻κ廷ѹװΣҲǶҹӡ
ƼСʦ߽һѩ½緭ɵﻡȣĺҡСʦ档

ҹӡ
ҹӣѰŶѡ
ʥˣµʥ

СʦΪҪ߹ᷢκһ춯Ϊ
Сʦصس⡰ͻĳ־ŵˡ

ݷƼĺҡĺ黨أü£еǱҪЩˡ
ĺҡ̹Ȼѧÿ죬϶ٵİѻˣСʦˡ






59.  ʮ   һ֮С


İѻ, Ҳ㡣ݷ˵ţȾ˿˿Ƶᣬֻǵʱ, Щ黨ˡ

ĺҡ̧ȥ, 䴽Ц£ſʵСʦ, ʲô𣿡
ݷ۵֮Ļָˡ

ĺҡԣ˳ƽȥ
봹, ¶İ˪ѩ

ݷָĺҡ, ̽Ѱ
ĺҡⴹȥ, һֻÿ, ָ޳ǽڷȴ, ֵֻˣ㣬ᡣ

, ݷջָ֣û㲻, ȵһ֮, ƶؾ֮ʱ, ܳȬġ
ĺҡ䴽ллСʦ档

Сʦ, ֪𣿡
֪ݷӦ, ʱ, Ѿˡ

ĺҡ΢Ŵ, 뵽ݷ۽һ֮ڣٴ󶯸ɸ꣬Ƕʶ, ܣǴ󶯸ɸɣ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ҽǴ֪µġ

ĺҡһҲ˵Եģ
šݷ۵ͷӦ͵Уʶսǲĵġ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣СʦǲǺܾöûȥˣҪҪҲȥһ䣿
λСʦȥһ磬ҲͲɽеֲʦû˵
Сʦܾˡ

ݷԣ̧ĺҡ˫γӣûаʲô
֮á

Уһķʡ
ĻϴƲ繣Ǳ֮ĺɫ

һΣĺҡûǰֳֻһʶ̽洫֮Уȫʶûơ

ڽһգĺҡڶνС
۴ϤĹ죬ǴԪ㳡Ĺ㳡Ƶʵغڴˡ

洫ϣȻһλڵһλϣŽҫ۹⻪类˽㡣
ĵӾʵʱһעģǡȻ֡

ȥţڵ洫ϵԶԶϽ洫ûڡ
洫ӵһĸ߸߹ϷҲûͬȻҫ

ֱǷȻ֮ΪĴֳ֮һˡ

ĺҡʶĹ㳡֮ϣ̧ȥ洫λǰʮ֣Լ洫ϵʮһλϵԼ

ĺҡתѰŸóڴ˵Сʦ档
ʶȥѰȺ֮˪ѩһĿѲĳһʱȴһ˲

˳ü̧ʵ֮ϡ
ַӵģΨһε㣬

ĺҡ߹ȥСʦ档
ݷĺҡ⻽תƼĺҡĿ΢ʧ񣬽͵ҵͷ̫رվߣ쳣۵ģ¸鷳

ĺҡ̧⣬ǰķ䣬ԭ˪ѩһ˪˿ī١

Ŀȥ֮Уīڷ
һͷ˪̫ۣñע⵽վԵӶԴԴϵ鷳
Ǳ㽫һͷ˪ʣȾŨīһɫʡ

ǶСʦᡣ

ĺҡ΢˲ɵһҫʱŻᵽµʥ˳ء
˼ˣĺҡȻ̹ȻСʦôȺ֮ҫ۵Ĵڡ

εġҲĿޣȴݷ˲
лл

ĺҡƿĿ⣬ٶʵϣͻȻʵСʦ棬˵ϹʱΪѰҵһ硣ЩȥˣΪȴɻǲ

֪ǣΪһֱ磬ʮ֮һϦأ
ϾɽΨһ֮ͨ·

ݷ۵͵磬ǵʶģɿ̽ϽϢڵħ֣ɽġ
ֻҪʶȻ

ĺҡƫƫͷһϮѩ֮˵ĲգʵʶˣͻӶ𣿡

ݷۣǻ𣿺ʢܻһЩˣܹվ޷󼰵ĸ߶ȣΪ繹ԴԴϵ

ʶ㲻
ʶˣǿʶͽڡ
ĺҡĬȻ˵գۡ

ĺҡ⣡
ڴʱһĺҡԶ
ĺҡ⻰΢٣üתȥƼһϮɫȹ˪

˪һϲôɫѣ毺õݼʱЦݡ
Ҳ֪ɫȹϲãԼϲģǸѧġ

ôãˡ
˪߹Ŀ˲Ҳ˲Ķĺҡ⡣

Դڽһգ˪ܸĺҡ֮һֱշת࣬԰˯
ڣеӶڰָָ㣬˵šʦ㾹ȻˡǾǱ˴ܵ˪֮Ļ

¼ңҲϵૡԸʧĿУ̧ͷ
˪һֱҶ㣬Ǿܱȵᰶģû뵽һΣ㾹Ȼܸһû֮С
̫ʧˡ

ĺҡ⿴˪䴽ǣʵʦǡ
Ҫս㣬ԭҵĵʮһû˪ָ΢΢߬

ĺҡԣſ洫ϱѹһġ˪֣ȻΪûʦѾң׼ֱǰʮʦʦսأ
˪ͱһҭ

ĺҡ֪ôȡֵˡ
ʦǴʹ𣿡ĺҡ⻺䴽ЦʦȻд˴㣬Ȼ㡣

˵գ̧˪ָḲƣʶһ̽
֮һϸ죬һ̨֮иֳ

ս̨ʼһ֣˵ע⡣
˷׷Ƽվ̨֮ϵλǷֱ˪ʦλ½洫ĺҡĺʦã̲סһ

Ҷǵһǰ½洫ڽ֮˪ʦĺҡս֮¡
һսνǾʡ

˪ʦԪӤΪĺҡ⵱ʱֻڽ𵤾硣һԱȣƺ˪ӮһЩ

ɸһûãʽתӮ浥浹˿ǰҶò̫ܻӮĺҡϡ

ˣ˪һսУ̼˽⣬Ϊ֮£ȴɻûӮĺҡ⡣
ݵʱڽ洫ӴϢ˪Ѫ
ž˵ġƾǧֶΣӮңͻҡɡ

˪ƼӵĿⶼۼָ߬⣬ȻԼıն
ţչһ£Ľ⳹գҲӮǰˡ


ĺҡᴹ⣬⽣֮ϣһת⺮
˪ΪԪӤΣӮһΣӮڶΣ

ĺҡƽ˪Ϯ֮ʱްżĽ⽣նȥ
ƴ˵ؿռ䣬ưڱѩԭĺǣٴ˵ء


һ˪ѹú޻֮

˪𳤽ֿţ̧𣬶ޡͦĺҡ⣬ݺҧŴ꣬Ǿòʡ
ĺҡ⡭ĺҡһδĽ򶼻ûóһУѾ·磬޷̡

ԼжԼҪˣѾӮˡ
Źһ°ĺҡôܹôôأ

Ϯ˪ὣȥ
ײ𻨣ʱ֮ըѿ

˪ĺҡгת켣ͼѰһ˿˿
ĺҡʽʽ֮䣬ܲƷ磬ƾ˪κ

֮䣬УĺҡѾ˪ս̨Ե
ֻһ֮ң˪㳹׳֡

ĺʦųּУͽ˪ʦ˵·ˡ
ҼǵһҲǣʮ֮ڣʦͰˣܵúܲҡ
ĺʦòǱο˴жõһĵӡ
Ĺ㳡֮ϣ˾

ϴ˪ĳ׳ȥ
ѾܹһΣٰܣ洫֮еĵλŽ
ʱûŷҲ¼õһУҲʧȥ
ٻصǰԲůˣ
ԶҪ¼ҵС㡣

ĺҡ̧⣬˪͡ս̨֮ʱͻ
ǰ˪Ľδ䣬仯ģⲻӿ

ս̨֮ϣ˪ͻƱԵ
˪ԭԪӤڣһͻƣǴԪӤͻ

ĺҡƼ˪˿̼飬㰵Ծòá
Ųһ⽣΢գʦ㣬Ҫˣ侲㡣

սǴɣ˪ֿԽһ󾳽ĽҪڼ侲ƽ͵̬֮½ȷһʧ
ɴ˿˪״̬侲

˪δһ㣬ĿƼĺҡսˣԼҵĺҡ΢
г̧ԥնȥ


ĺҡ״΢Ĵ𵴳֮йճߣ˪Ϯȥ˲佫ڷ˪ס

ս̨ĹǣһʧȥжΪ
ս̨ʶӦ˪ʧȥж˷

ĺҡס˪ָ̧⣬һĨտӿ˪üĴһ㣬ʩ˸ľ
˪ӿֳķһľƽϢָƽ
ţŻԼղŶЩʲôԭɫá

˪ٴһѪ
ĺҡƼһĨѪﰵԾ֮̾࣬˪еϧ

ģʶԴ
˪ôһѪʧ˶ʶԴ

˼״Ϊ˪ʦеƵѹ
һ䣬֮󣻵ڶ䣬ڼ񾳽֮ʱ
䣬ʦ;֮ӡΪ̵ʱ

⻻˭˭޷ǣһ
ĺҡʦãֱ˪ʦĿǡ
һ֮С






60.  ʮ()   ϵͳµСʦ棿


, ڳ˲֮ӿԼͬĲ²˪ʦһεĽֻôһ½أ
ĺʦõĵα֮У
ĺʦõʱ

˪˳֮, ̲סп
ĺʦôһ, ܻһνҲԸⰡ

ֻǿϧ, ˪ʦġɹ޷̵ġ

ĺʦãȻһӮ, һ, һӮġ

˪ָ߬, ЦٶȻָǡô, ĺʦûѡһУ֪ǿϾŷأõѡ񣿡

ĺҡ⽣, Ƽ˪մȾЩѪΪĵȡһѩӣ˹ȥ

Ҳ², ĺʦ˴ϻ֮ˣǲ̫޴ѡ, ϶ΪԼ˺ֵ, 𣿡
ǲ֪һһĺʦۡ

˪ʱֹס, ᴹ, Ƿݹѩ, , ĬȻ
ֻЩ޿Сʦõѩ, ʾ֮⡣
˸ѩʲô˼
ʾ

ĺҡ⿪ѵʦ㣬Ѫˡ
˪ԣҲάֲסԼЦ, ĺҡ⣬֪ǿһΡ

ҵ˼ǣⷽѩѪĺҡγ
ǵڡ·ԭ˪Դϻʾ˵ģôһι˪˪أ
˵Ի·̫һ

˪ԭǶĺҡ⣬Ȼĺҡ˵ʶ̧ĺҡݹǷѩ
һ˲ֽ˹૵ллл
ĺҡ´

˵գĺҡתȥѰСʦӰ
ȻȺ֮УһǵӰ

ĺҡ⴩ȺȺ֮˹ȥСʦ档
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ǵ뵽Щʲô

ĺҡԣ۽գ£û뵽Сʦ澹ȻҲһա
ۣлл

˳Ĺ㳡ȥ
ĺҡʼԼǰ˪һս֮УСʦûʲô֮ġ
˽̸ţ߳Ĺ㳡

˪ԾվĹ㳡ʵ£ִӲһĺҡǸûĵһ

Ƽһʼʱĺҡǿλô
һǡôֲʧòľλá

˺һƺƫͷĺҡ˵Щʲôĺҡ½Ų˼ʲô
֮ľȴصͣ½Ųĺҡ
֪䣬˱һеλϡ

ѩ䣬ƻ
˾һ԰㡣

˪ȻϣòϣԼˡ
ϣΪò֮ϡ

˪нʱĿҲ׷ѰĺҡӰ˿㣬ʶг˳ȥ



Ĺ㳡һֱȥĴ
ԣиߵĵ䣬̶Ȳʵ֮С
ңܹʿ඼Ǹŵ洫ӣǺĵӡ
ҲζšҶȱǮ

ĺҡ̧ȥĴĵ̣Ƽȥѯʡ
⣬Сʦŵ֡

ĺҡⲻ֪СʦˣһԶȫһ顣
Сʦ棬ɽѪΪϵǰĴֱҶҡ¼ҡ븵ҡ

ʵԼڼ֮ǰֻĴҵģ˻ĽĴҲ֮ΪҡֻĽҸ𣬱ֻʣĴΪڶ֮еĶڡ
ĺҡƫƫͷ

ƼСʦĿ⣬æֽ͵ĽҵĽĽĽĺɫĺϵĺ

ἰĴңĺҡⲻҪǰϵ֮䷢¡
ڶңΪһ½ҶͷѪ涼ˡ

֮⣬ˡĺҡָУǽڣеڡڡȡ

Сʦ棬֪𣿾˵һȺʿ߶߶ģն˵Ҫ֮̽Ļ

ڡ·ԭнеһϷݣԤԳ֮ͨ·ѶϣӲͨһ֮ͨ·

ݷƻҼһӡ

˵ĺҡһתڳ־ͷ̯ӡ
°׳üĿģ̯ǰߺȵСէλѶչСⰡ

һʱƺҲþѡ洫ӵʱ䡣
ӲŽ֮Уƺûдȥߺ˴죬ûһ

ҪӣҲȥЩѾĵӣôأ
ңʿǲġ

ɥʧ֮ʣһԲԶ𣬲н
ĺҡʵλѣ֪ʿʲô𣿻ˣ

ÿʿԳ֮ʱ顣˹ϵһʿһ;

ڡ·УѩŮĽѩ⣬ܵ谮֮Ӻ֮Ůر߸·ʱﶼԶҪ

Ѷҵ֮е棿λѡӺòײһĸԸĵѣվæкĺҡ
۽Ƽ֮վһһӣҲһкλѣ

ǶλҰ̯ôãһҪҵĺõѡɣѸǶλһǵΣȡκʯ

ĺҡԣȴǳɡ
ûܾѾкţǰ

λһŵʿ˼ţ۽ƳĺҡеıֱԵǽް
ἰޣʿڽ޵ӡһѩĳԼһԲϾͿıӡ

Ѵ򽻵ˡ
˵ţ˽սһǲ֮ǻ˺һŶˣ
ѣң

ĺҡתȥСʦ桭
λѣԭСʦ尡ţҸҲλСʦһӳ

ĺҡ⣺
λӲ߶߶ģأ

˵գ߶һ䣬ָ̧ԼüĴһ㣬һĨӿ
ٴʱɫȻͬԭīɫóɴǳһɫ󣬳ĺҡ

ʹʹʹ
ûӿһۣȻгһѵסԼ۾

ĺҡгλѣ
һԼ۾һҡͷ̫ˣֻһ㻭ͶϿˡ

ʲôĻ棿ĺҡ⿪ʵ
ֻһ츲ضĽ⣬նҪһӷգۣһǳɫỺ

ĺҡָָˡ
һ˲æۼֿóһСƿǵǳɫסˣܡ˷ʶԴ

ἰһ츲ضĽ⣬ĺҡֻ뵽һ߱ǰնǵ⡣
ҫ۵һ⣬һȴ縲

ĺҡ΢㿴δ𣿻ʲôδ֪Ĺȥ
Ҳ֪ĺҡĻɵþ֣ȥδ֪ģδδ֪𣿡

ǰɣֻδδ֪
ĺҡĬȻ˵š

գգۣԼܾʹ˷ٶȳʱԶ˴һħֳˣ

һֵϼеڵĵӽǴӵ˳˳ȥ
ǰҲˣ̯λȺһȥɱЩħ

ĺҡվԾ˼˵ǵ֮¡

ݷעԲӳĵӰĿĺҡϣԣԣҲʵԡ
Уޣؽϡ

ĺҡԣͷûϡ
ֻǾܹ˵ǵ⣬ȷЩرġ

ĺҡ̧ȥƼԶµڶӰڵСʦ棬Щħ᲻һվأ

ЩħֻQżһȺΪµСħͻƽڣQȴŵ洫ӳָˡ
ʱɽ磬δܵħĴ֡

һƺΪıɽǧ糹׸
ˣȻϾʿ֮ͨ·ȴҲһ̶ϸħ֡

ħȥصħ磬лӭ֮¾£ɱħ𣬳Ϊħ
ΪħûκҰҪȥɽ磬Ҳ⡭˵ǲܽս𲨼ɽе塣

ԭ֮£һɽδ֮ڣƺǰȻƽ͵Ϸչš
δйս¡

ɽ簲ħҲħ޴֡
·ڵľ顭ֻҪŮĽѩ׸ħ磬ɽħħնɱ߱ħ֮£һĽ֡

Ѿˡ
ݷƽشĺҡ⡣
˭Ҳ֪ħ᲻о֮ա

ߵ־ͷĳ֮ϡ
䣬ƺÿʱ֣ħΪ֮һȺΪߵħȻǱС

ѾħɧĹɣÿʱ֣һλפڴ˵ء
ɸŵ洫ЩΪߵħ֣ǵǸɸڵսĴڡ

ֻǣһûϵͳἰʮĽѩѩ֮£Ǳܻ䲻㡣

ԴСʦǿн֮ԺеǸϵͳͬһ㣬֮С

ƺַϵͳһ
ϵͳἰйصһ顣

ϵͳµģСʦ棿˿磿

˼ˣĺҡ̧ȥСʦ棬һǵһμЩħҲȥһЩħ
˵գһ֮ȥ
һǺ緭ɣ裬ڰ֮лȡ

ݷ۴עš
˫͸ĺУγֶеᡣ






61.  ʮһ   Ի


Ե, һƬڻĺա
Ƭϣһ˸ǳ䣬˴֮俴Զ, ʵȴѰʿ궼ﲻľ롣

Ȼ, ǧ֮ĻУȴһܹǺ֮еĴڡ
, Щûʵ壬޷ʵһ塣

Ϊʳ, εڴǧ֮, ƼһСЩ, 𲽿ʼʴ硣
ʱ, ɵ㹻ˣһһǿɴ˶, ӵʶӵ壬㿪ʼЩɹ, ںϴԡ

ΪЩȡһ֣Ϊħ
ħһĴ, ƶ

û֪ħǴ￪ʼġ

ЩħǽһƬ嫵Ļ, 
ǰ, ħħħһ, ⻼, Ҳ, ɽ˼Եѡ
ҵɽдܽʿ, УΪɽһƬ֮ء

ĺҡһӣս֮ϡ
ħŰ, ĵΧۼ

ĺҡе⽣´̤
˪ѩ£һӿħնȥ

⽣֮ʱзѩǰ·Ǻսѩԭ֮С
Զָžòؼҵӡ

ħ֮飬ȴҲڴ˿ָ̱֮⾳ȾʶŻ˶½Զŵˣѩԭ֮ϣ޹⻪ָ
ǳǹȥȴײĺҡ⽣Ľϡ


ĺҡһת˹ħ⽣¡
Ӧɢ

ԶĺҡƼǰڳλӣ˿ԭڷ̯λϵһͣϻӶ
̹⻪֮£Щħһң׻

ħһңɾ
սϣΪ΢ЩħƼЩС¡ɪɪСħüĿͺһСħٻ

ǣǣһȺ
ħǳΧΧСħ

ǰħֹУɽĹһͬѧȥ
幦Ƕԣò˵ԣҲѧð졣

ħһƬɪɪСħٻԺаЩСħԴ

ĺҡⶢǸħӺ֣֮ȴǽüͷĬȻ

էһ֪˻ƺһĻ׽ѵһȺС̡Ļ档
硢һħҵʿǴôΪġ

ȻѾһʱʿȴеķʹԼǿһЩΧħΧСħͻϮȥ

ţ򣡲ҪǸħЩСħˡȻ󺰵

Χλϵħ԰׵֣ԼһСħԴȥ
ӿ֮䣬һŲ԰¶ڳΧʿһ¶Ц

Щħĺ
ħСħԴĴ󣬺ȻеСħɽȥ

żŷУ˻ԼǸħЩħҧøԴ˲һʱ侹סˡ

ħȻͬСħ

䣡
ⲻеӼȴʵʵĺȻڡ
֪ĵ̲סɫһ԰ףսֿʼ

ħԵЩСħ֮󣬾ͻȥ򣬿ʳͬȼħӶɸߵȼħ

ħһϰԡ
ʳͬɽ
츳Խߵħܽǲͬġ

ǰһħǵķû룬֤ħӵ츳
Ǳضܹ׳ɱȼʿĴڣ

ħսϳ֣Ϊɱ¾ġ

ħĺҡ૵

ţԵǡ
Ǹħһ߿ʳΧСħһ

ʲôѽħͬ壬ˡʿ

ֻǣ⸽һƬȫһȺ𵤾ʿûԪӤͻ񾳽ʿ޷ħʵԵĹ
ЩǸħԣͬ㡣

ҴҴҴ򣡡
ֵʱ°׳ĵӻӶеĴͣǸħôȥ
Ҳ֪Ǵ;ʲôʵɵģ̹⻪ӳǴ͸ڽʳħһ

Чۼţ죡ǰȥֹǸħĽʳ

㶣ƼΧʿɵʮ㣬һӣȥԵӶǴͣȥ

㣬ģᣬˣ
ǸڽʳħʹУŭӺֻ֮һץסеĴͣӶ

ӲϷ֣ŷһ
κģս鷽棬ʮо϶ͨˣȴΨһϲͨ
սɣΪ㡣


ӱǸħָֻ߸߾еĴѾߡ
ħһ˫סӵĲһ

ڴʱһտԲգȻ£
Ǹħֻնϡ

֮䣬Ӱַסȡ
ĺҡƫƫͷ⽣΢
ʵû°ɣ

ȻӸ߿֮׹ּԵŵȶˡ
תתƼλԸĽ޵ѣü£ѣǸˡ

ͻȻһź˿ĺҡ⣺
лл佱Ĵһá

Ǹħնֻ֣ŭ̸죬Ҳ󣬳ĺҡ˹

Сģ
˾

ĺҡ̧⽣һӣڵϵĴ𣬴ֻħ
Уͬһһ㡣

ӳãã·߼ģûġ
δķ˭á

ĺҡԣע֮У̹⻪ɨ
ǼһʽУΪע㡣
̹⻪֮ʱһƬ

ۼ֮Ƽˣɵ૵ʲôһڽҲݺ

һڳ֮˲Լͬĵ
ǽޣ
ʲôԵǽð

ħͻУҲ֪֮Чĺҡ׼ȷλοʼɢ

֮£ʵһ̳̳

ĺҡ״üͷһĵԭͱһ
ֻǱʷ⻪

Ҫ㣬ɱˣ
Ǹħŭ
ĺ֮УȻ̽ʮֻĺҡȥ

ĺҡ̤ļӿڴ֮ϡ

ݺᣬɱ֮һԭһ͵ķ˲ȥ¶ʵģ

һĳԼֱָϸϵΪΣӯӯ㡣
Ǳý
ĺҡ˵

⴦һ㽣񣬷ӵԴԴϵ㣬žĺħɢ
ԭں֮еǸħֳ˵壬Ƶݡ


ĺҡƽгݳ̽ħ֮С
ǰħݼŤĺҡ⣬ɢһħ

һħȴƻʶһ㣬Ѹʸϣ˳һӰ
һĺҡ¶ǽʱħȻһ̶ļУȴǴʲô˲õĶ㣬ʱγϢ

ĺҡⴹ⣬ƼԼĨлħīʱĬȻ
תߵǰ񳤽ݻԭ

Ϊĺҡˬ֮ʱƼĺҡе񳤽ɵҾʺ㣬᲻㡣

ĺҡԣȴûȥǱ񳤽ֻӣһֻһѾнˣҵõˡ
䣬ȥ񳤽
񳤽ӦʣƲ㡣


ֵʱ⽣տ⻪ѹ˹ȥ
񳤽⻪ʱֿų׳

ĺҡ䴽һЦ⽣һҵ˶Ըǵķһξˡ

û׼ҲԳΪ񳤽ʺϵˡĺҡ̧ȥ͵ʱ򣬲㽫𣿡

ԣ˼Ƭ̣ǲҲ츳͸ţ
һ˵ţһ߻ǰĺҡս֮ϵķˣɵԼδսʱĳ̬

㡭
ĺҡͬţ̫ȷ˵Щʲôˡ

ǽڵĵӰɣ㿴ɫ΢죬ʵҿɲԳΪڵأ

°򡣡ĺҡ
°洫ӹյ֮ϻòԶǧ

ʲô
Ķû̫ĺҡǾ仰ʶʵ

ûʲôĺҡ䴽ЦѧȥһᣬǶǰǱĽġ

૳
ĺҡԻ֣Ӵռȡһر˹ȥڵⱾ

ӽӹĺҡⱾ͸ˣףڽ֮ϣɾ͡

ѣ㽫Ȿط͸ңء
ƼеĻ΢뵽λĵĵѽ͸ǵԼҪʱ򣬸ôأ

ĺҡԣҡҡͷѲصģҴռ仹ʮ౾һģһġ

ɽУ֮ʼ̤Ͻġ
˽󣬴ҲſʼԵʦ£ʼѧϰġ

Ҳ֪Ϊʲô֮ʱõʱΪʯǼҵ֮еġȫ
һʣһۼ֮ʱԼΪʺдĽ
ԡİɡ

λѣǸ˰
ָĺҡⷢһź˿

ҿ϶ڼⱾģ






62.  ʮ   ǿߣȷƶ򡭡


ħ, Ԩ֮ء
ĻڳƲҵɽĶ, ͷҰޡ
пХ, ɽ֮, ǴݲûаⰻȻ

ʳ֮, Ľߵʹ, һͬɰɫ, Ŷڰ

л, ɡ
һͳ˻Ƶ˴ǰļžһ, ݲ԰ףĵ˫ͫԽһ԰ƴСħڷ֡
첽ߵǰл, ƫͷȥл䣬ٴγȨ֮, ѲĹϵ

лһϮ, °ڴɫѹ, ͸һ, ߼Ŷ֡

说, ˵⻰, Ҫ֤ݵġȨ޳Թ, ΪҪɱ
л˵ţ΢βĨѩ׷ɫӳ, ԽޣȻ
Բ񣬱ᱻǡ

һĿ⣬ǰʲôȻ֮Ҳһס

лЦ说˵ЩˣҰħûã说ҵıԽԽˡ
΢ǣ΢˵说һֵã

һ˲ŷӦл仰֮е˼ɫǳл㡭

ڴʱӴ֮дһͳħ¥
ڴ֮Ϻǳסִݵл诡
л䣬诣ˣ˵

л΢üȻջĿ⣬˴֮С

վڴ֮⣬ħǻл֣ٻ֡
˵֤ħеĵλȲһȻСħ

ĥƬ֮Խ߽ڴԲһϯλϡ
Ÿһ£诱ƼлûԽˡ

лĵԴҡ֮лͬС˵־һ㣬ҡµȫ֮ϣħҲôСħڵϡ

ɫ£
û׼ҡΪСħɫԼһء

֮ϣħ¥ڸλϣȻˣǾ˵һ˵ȨȨµҸý˭ܣ
̲סʵħǲӦ̽һȨǼһ˭ɱ𣿡

Ȩչز£ͱԼıչ֮СһΪħܹϢˣǶߵΪ˵ز

ħ֮Уܹһ㣬޷Ǿڳ⼸ϼһѡ
˼ˣٶȳħΪڳ֮УֻлɡǰȨִ֮Ķ࣬пֵġ

леĲ豭ָ΢£ƫƫͷλ֮סݵ¥磬ħ˿ɾⷬ˵ǡ˵е

Ͻ¥סֻüЩߴ
¥Ϻ诣Ȩ֮һȥ顣ʱ޶ִʱлǰǱɽִʱˣʱ䶼ˡ

л䣬ƹȨħ֮ʱٽȥ
¥诲̸Ȩ֮תἰ¡

һ֮ƶؾħ֮һͨͨƶ˭ȥ

ֵȥһξȥƶ죬ϤһӦͿɡ

л仺̧诡
ʱʱ̿עлǱߵĶл̧аãСħҪɡ

ħˣǴƶؾʱеʿ϶ȥġȥǰҵ˽ˡлᴹ

л䣬ָɣһȥɽ񣬾ߵģһȥƶؾҪҵĻŭ

лûȥһֻۣҪֽǸˣȻֻһӦȥ
л䡭ŭȵΪлǳЦֻ̰ҷһӦȥɽ硣

ˣ¥ȥɣӦȥлǰʱһ
༸λ飿

༸λħͼһʱлִȻԼͽ鷳¶

°ɡ¥

߳ͷ֮ϣƼһл䣬Ӿͬлһܣȴλħ

л乴˹ƽ⹰˹֣ƶ֮У졣

л䡣ҧгݵ
֣καħţֻлȥ
ǾǿСħúÿˡ

һߣлظ󣬽֮еȡ
ʯΪſ

л䴹ȥָḲһƬ꣬ݼ͸żϲ΢䣬͵ͳ

ҡˣƶؾ



Уĺҡ͹Լкܶ౾󣬱㽫һ͸ӡ
е񳤽ñɳٴοʣ⻪ȴǲٴɳˡ

нֵĶܱʵġ
־編ر֮ɡ

ӵлٶȹֵλѣҽ½º⣬½洫ӡ
ĺҡǹֳĺҡ⣬һ½洫ӡ

½ºĺҡ֣ȴ૳ԭѾǴҿ²ĺҡⰡ
ĺҡԣü½º⡣

½º͵ÿڵʵϣǶܿ洫ϵ𣿡
ɽ֮ףǴȻ˭עŽ洫ϵ

ʱҶעŽڿ˴Ƚ½洫ӵֵ
һգĺҡ⡱ûκβ׺ִĩβһʮһλϣһ˵飬׷ײ²Сĺҡ⡱½洫˭

ƾδ²⣬ĺҡ֮ȴû磬ȻҲҲˡ

½ºĺѣŲ֪ΪûݼӢϣҶΪȥչء
Ҳи׵Ĳ²ǣ˾ĹѾˣûݼӢ񡣡

ʿҪݼӢ񣬳˹Ҫڰ֮Ӳ֮⣬Ҫ֮ͬ˱ԹսŻϰ

Ҷ֣뿴һ㾿ǺηʥܹڳΪ洫ӵĵһվٵǽ洫ʮһλá

ĺҡԣ䴽ЦҲˣҲûʲô𡣡

½ºҡҡͷæɴˡ
еĺĵӶء

ˣҲ㡣ĺҡƽ

ս֮ϣЩħҰ˳Уʱȴ׼һ
˴ɨս󣬻صУϢ

ĺҡ˻صУʶȥѰСʦӰѰһȦȴûһϮѩ£ΪСʦѾعʵˡ
˾һս֮󣬽ǽƣ͵Ϣ

ĺҡѰһطȡһѩ⽣
½ºһԿţƼĺҡгʵĺѣⳤ֣

ҵĽΪ⣬ȡէ֮⡣ĺҡ͵
⽣õѩ·տ⻪

½ºԣԼе񳤽૵Ҹеȡʲôأ
е񳤽ӨӨ̵Ĺ⻪˵ʲô

ĺҡ״ѵ㻳Ľ˵ֵġ
½ºʵô֪ʲô֣

⽣߸ҵģ㻳ĳΪ񡣡

񣿡
½ºţŵҲԺͻˡ
˵գҲӴռ˺һͳһѩĵ񽣲Ž

ĺҡת۽Ƴ½ºõǿѩϻһɫСգ۽̲ס¡
½ѣѩϵСյǻͦÿġ

½ºԣԽˣҲá

˾ͺá
ĺҡ˵ţվһСʦ档
һȦ߻Ĺ㳡

һ̤Ĺ㳡ĺҡʵµСʦ棬ųСʦ棬ԭ
ݷĺҡתоΣ

ĺҡ߹У
ħѶԸģǡݷۻħص˵˵
ĺҡţԺ֮УԱá

ս֮ϣЩħҰ֮󣬲һʱٶϮ
һΣɳħһεħʵǿЩ
вʿڴս֮ˡ

ĺҡս֮У⽣ӳǽ£ħնɱڽ¡
ˣԴԴϵħԻϮвħ


ĺҡ̧ײһħ֮У֮󣬲žЩԾ
͹ղŽħ֮У˺üȼħ

ʵЩ̫
ЩħǷһħͷ

ĺҡ˼ţسУԼķָ֪פڴ˵λ֮ʱսȻһ졣

ħʼԱ㽫ըһѷ

פڴ˵λΪˣڱը֮ʱѾӳڿдǳӶң

ĺҡ̧ȥԵĻȻһ˫۾
ô˫۾أ
޲޶һ˫۾

˫۾֮󣬾ǰڻӴ
Ϊ߱ȼħ

Ǹħš
ħ˫۾ǲ˶˵һ仰ֱֵµħԱƱҪԱһ

䣡
˼״ɫ΢䣬Ĵۼһƻӳħ

㲻ҵĶ֣ÿħԣ
ĬȻԵȴһ

ڳʿ֮УѾ˼ʱ״ԣعʵȥڵĳȥˡ
ֻǣЩһʱ֮Ҳһʹ֮ڣ޷ʱС

㲻ҵĶ֡
㲻ҵĶ֡
㲻ҵĶ֡
ԼͬĴӲͬϮ
ͬһʱ̣֮Уٶ˫۾

ĸħͬʱڻ⣬ͼͻڣ֮С

˵ɫ䣬׳ɵĹأ

Ϊ׵Ĵħʲôأǿ֮һɹص֪ˡ

񡭡ǿ߿ܵҵ𣿡

ħ˵գ˷Ӧǿ
Ĺɿֲ˹ĲϮһ𣬳Űе˶ȥڽ֮ͬһͬ飡
ǧħԻ֮м׼

ͬһʱѾԱΪҲҪĸħһᡣ

ͳϣ
ս֮ϣӳıӰʹ

һ̣ĺҡָ߬һɣ̧ȥ

뱯ʹ֮ʱ֮Ȼһ󲨶
һӰϢĳ࣬㣬ֶΪ㣬ȴǧħļʸȻͣ

һϮѩ£ȴǼ

ݷ֣ǰȥ˸˹

ǿߣȷƶ򡣡






63.  ʮ   ҵݷۡ


ǿ, ȷƶ

ֻ˼ϣԱΪĸħһͬھϢƽϢ

ħʸȻͣڻӳ֮, ɲ, ϢɺȻǿȴֻ޳, ɵò񻰡

ǣԵĳ

ǡ
ѹͷӿǿѪ, һϮѩµʿ

ǽǧŽ˾, ôЩҲǼΪĴǰ, ȴǵɽһλΪǿʿ, ܹƾһ֮ĴħϳֵĺȻһȻֹ
ǿΪ, Ҳɽ֮кǡ

㻹û
֮УΪ׵Ĵħһ˫ͫڿеݷ, Ȼ

ǳ꣬߻, Ϊȵһ, ٶʴɽ, صΪǵı֮
ǰһս, ɽеĴʿѾȫ, ΪΡ
Ϊ˾Ȼ֣ܳ
ݷ۾Ȼû

ɽ֮δ, в², Ⱥϼһǰ֮ʱʲôֶΡ
ʱȥˣۺ־ֶ, Ҳȥˣɢˡ

ԭ㻹ڡ
ûб

Ĵħͬһʱ̣뵽һ㡣
Ǽɵ˵ֶΪνԼ׳ɡ֪ĿЦء
䣬ֻС̽
ȴ˺棬Ǿͺˡ

һ˲䣬Ϊ׵Ǹħһһ˫ڳ۾ױ
ħԼͬĽ۾ϡ

ս֮ϣΪĴħ׼ʹ˰֮ʱе˫۾ͬһʱ
һɿֲĲٶϮ

һ˲ɫ䡣
ֲϢϤ̬ǰžһ
Ĵħڴ˿̣ǰһľ
ԱΪλǰͬھ

ֻԳԽľʵ֮£Ż
ΪԱΪѪһ̣Դﵽ˲ͷȫ
Աһ˲Խ˵ر޾档

οͬΪĴħһԱΪ
һĻԶԶһλʿΪԱҪöࡣ
ֲϢԻϯ˲佫ǳ黯

ǰСģ
˺Ȼɫ䣬ԼΪǿֹĴħΪԱ
κһˡǴ˿ս֮е˼ƺ޷ֹһѵķˡ

ĺҡָ߬⡣
⽣֣ĳֲ״㣬ƴտ⻪΢΢˸˿⡣
֮еȥ

Ҳһ̣һ
֪ԴͷȴէȻ֣˲ϯƬĻ

һء
ɽӣתơ
ǲ׺ɣʱǨʱơ


ǰκγȴһƬУƼһԼĳ
ңңϢ̽ѩǴ˼Ҷɼһ

𺳶һ

һƽһпɲĲ˵ϢϢ
ȻĴħΪԱǰһ˲ǿֲϢԴͷϯȥ
Ȼ£


һལңң쳹

ƲһȴܸܵӳһĳǺģ
ѩģҫ۵ģ貵ġ
ȴҲ𺳡һ
½֯Ȼŷ

УĴħһϯ֮£޴Σֳȴ˲䱻Ϊγ

УǵһϮ¼򵥵µӰȴδһ֡

УΪһž

ĺҡȻסָסҵ
ҵˡ

֮·ϣǹ¶ġҸҪһıӰԴﵽ߸Զ֮ء
ҵ
ҵˡ

ĺҡ̧ȥĿơ
˶һݵıӰȻ

Ǿһʱ
Ż貵Ĵڡ

֮УӰδֵӰһ˫ƴ۾㣬Ȼ磬ҲעһϮѩµĽޣþδ۾
һԶȴǰĴħҪǿɲϢ

˽Ƽһ˫ڳܹװƬ۾ϺµٴΪ֮һᣬ߸

֮˫۾Żϣٶ֮С
ͬʱһ΢ĲԻӿɵ͸ڣݷС

λħԻ֮дһֻʶ
ݷۣ޴֪

ݷᴹĬȻ

ĽѾ˰



ĴħǸǿħ͸ݷ۴˿̵Ϊսɵ֮ģ˳š

ս֮ϣʣСħ˾

ǰλǰ̸֮ʱȴֲ֪ںʱϮѾʧ
λǰʱϢλǰ뿪ʱҲͬϢûκˡ

ĺҡۼСʦӰʧ֮У΢̧⽣Զ˹Ǹħ֮ʶѸٳ˵ء
عʵķܼ򵥣ֻҪʶ۵ɡ
һ졣

ѩԭ֮УĺҡȻʶȥѰСʦӰ
Сʦ档

ݷѩ£òǰһٺڷѾȥīɫ˪ȴʥһĴڣ

ĺҡ߹ȥ̧Сʦ棬ŹУʵСʦ棬û°ɣҿղߵúܴæ
ݷҡͷصģ¡

ֻΪδ֣Щݷĺҡ͵
ᰡĺҡƫƫͷעСʦ棬ڵСʦһƯ

ƽ޵Ľ⡭
ĺҡ⻰΢˶٣뵽һǰһһĽ⣬Լڽǵʱ䳤ӶָĽ⣬֮һ

ݷԣü¡
Сʦ棬ЦˡĺҡСʦĽ֮⣬һһʱ䳤ӷֿԽĽ⡣

һһ貵Ľ⣬һտ⣬繺ҲƯ
ݷڵ˵ģԼĽ𡣡

ĺҡ⻰û棬ֻôܣôҲԿɡ
еһĺҡһʱ֮侹֪֮Уһǵһ

⣬ĿУͨͨһ
˼Ƭ̣ĺҡ˵

ĺҡ뵽һ飬̧ȥڵСʦ棬ҵˡ

ݷ
ĺҡ⻺ңҪѰҵǸ֮·ϿıӰҵ𡣡

Сʦ棬ҵˡ
ڲ֮ǰҵˡ

Ľǿôˣ
˭Ľǿأ
˭ǿǿ£ǿҲǿˡ
ҵġԸΪ֮׷ԶѾҵˡ
׷𣬾Խ

Ը׷Ǹǿˡ
ԸΪǸǿˡ

ݷǰ˫γ֮Уƺʲô˫ſ

Ǹ߰ġ
ҪһȥУ˻޴ѡֻܱѡ񡣿ǣǱʣµһڡ

߰

͡
û˿Խ̵ǣԼ
·ϣǸԶĴڣΪ׷Ϊ֮ԽһӰ

ݷá

֮䣬ֻһ˫ѡ
ѡҲѡ

㽫óݷ۳
ĺҡԣԼóݹȥ

ݷ֣޳ָ⴦ӿһĨǿ֮ϡ
ʵǲǡûи߹㣬ҵ֡

ݷۡݷᴹҵݷۡ

ͬʱĹ㳡ǿʵ֮ϣ洫е⻪ͻأһ
ĽڵΪǰħһսĹ㳡ϵϢС
˷֣ԭλڽ洫ϵʮһλôǸ֣Ȼ˱仯
β׺ԭһֵĵطֳ֡

̫Ϸ塣

ĺҡ⣬̫Ϸ壡






64.  ʮ   Уʹ顭


ݷۡ
ݣۣ
ĺҡʶͷ, ʾԼѾ֪ˡ
ͷĶδȥȻס

ǹһ㣬ʵֻת˲֮, ĺҡգ, ૵Сʦ棬ݷ۰

Ǹдˡݷ
Ǹڽڽ, Խʱ䳤ӣһݷ

⧲֮µľϲ, Լɻ벻, Ȼӿĺҡͷ

ݷ۴, ƼĺҡݼݷֶۡȻʧ, Ƭ̣ʵֲ𣿡

Ȼǡĺҡʶϵ
, ̧ݷۣзǰĹâ͵ֻСʦ, ֡
⧲Ŀġ

δ֮ʱĺҡ뵽ڽϵǷ
֮, ʱ
̸ⷬ, Խʱ, ǵ, ҡǵá

, ֶĸоĺҡ޺ۼĽԭҪѿڶĻһת, 
ݷ, üᣬ濴Ϊζ죿ҵ𣿡

Ҽ֡
ĺҡᴹ, ۽΢գ£Сʦ棬֪һܡ
ĻǲСʦ

ݷԣ΢ƺ뵽Щʲô
֮ſ϶ǡŲпһ

ĺҡ´͵ʱŲһʱϵ¶Ҽˡ
пСʦ棬

ʱദݷѾʼϰĺҡΡҲĿޣлл

ĺҡȴǾԼ޵ûһһϸڣǰݷ۽Ǹڽ黨ȡ˳Сʦ棬дݣҲԿ¼İɡ

õݷۿ϶𰸺ĺҡԽСʦ棬ʲô㲻ģֱ̫ˡ
һ䡰̫ˡѾ޷ݷˡ

ֻǣˣΪʷк޼¼
ڲпݷ۵֣Ĺмأȴ
һΪݷֻ֣һþ

һ˫ε֣ʷйڡݷֵۡһкۼĨȥˡ

еǣ⣡
ڲҵǱܵĽ⣬ǰֿʱǰǵͬһֽ⡣

СʦĽȴ仯ˡ
Ȼͬޡ֮ͬǵĽ⣬ֱܷͬ
ڴǰ֮УûܵһʱϳСʦݷ۵

һ˵Ľ⣬һ֮ǲôᷢ仯ġ

ǡ
ĺҡ΢Ŵ뵽ܡȴҲпܵĲ²⡣

˼ˣĺҡգۣȴ䴽Сʦ棬֪ǸʱôһʱŻȻսдʿ
ݷעĺҡ⣬㽫ҲΪˡ

ĺҡԼ洫ƣʶš
ֻǣû֮ʱһѶΪеĳ˹

ĺҡ̽ģĨѶûУ黪һһ˵
ȡȾ
Ѷڵδ¼꣬Ѿͣ

λһֱߵλ崫Ѷ

ֱ֮ǰһѶ壬ʲô飬ͨĨѶ
ڣѶˣѶдĻȴҲˡ

ȻֹĻ˲ġ
λ˶ǳ¡

ĺҡ⽫ָһգ̧ݷۣСʦ棬Ҫȥһˡ

ݷ۴˴ĺҡŵǵѶӦãҵ
ĿĺҡȥջĿ⡣

ҹתݣٹãһԲ֮ҹ



ѩԭУżŷѩǣź̹ǵķ硣
һŬԼѩɽδ
紵ţԼ嵲ס磬ٴμء

塭
ƼɫԽ԰̲סỽѣҪ˯

ѩɽĲԶθߴʿӶʶ̽ڲ̽ţͼһͬһҳ󻼡

ΧͷϢôҲأһﾹȻô㣿ǼθߴʿĴѰţһ̲סԹ

ҰɡӶӳʮˣٲҵǶǲסģˣʱ鷳ԿġЩ¡һ˳

壡һͻȻ󺰵
ȻӦȴֻмżŷѩĺХ

СӣΪһܰųأ˰㡣
໥ȡЦţѩɽԶ

ѩɽ֮ΪǼ֮Цһ˲
ҧסԼĴָĴԼԼΪ¶һ

ǼԶֵ֮˺һŽӣСض£ڽ塣
С壬һѣڲҪ˯

⺮֮أǱ۾ԣǾõĳ˯ˡ

ϣ彫̯λҪĶһһںú󣬲ȥԼ顣
ȴ֮ʱ⼸̯λϣѯʶֵȴ岻ע֮ʱͻȻԺУΪѰһ͵ʯС

ʱԺУδ⼸ˡ
Ժˣ⼸ȥ֮ԽԽòԾʰ뿪С
ȻǼѾţƴ˳ȴˡ

ǼϴԺӣһӣ徯ӳС
Ǿʹڲ˵֮£ɱѩԭ֮С

ЩʿΪ׷ɱģ

崹꣬ѩɽαԵȥ
ܿȺ׷ɱʿ

εݣֱŸ֮ˣ߶Զأ
ԼƬӣȺ׷ɱʿͨʶӣ㷢

壡һԲôõܹӳȥġ
Ϊ׵£Ծɲ֮ܽ˷µ壬ЦѱˣҪסͷ𣿡

ͷŴشѳȥҵˡ

ָ߬⣬Ŀһһӹ⼸ˣȻһǡΪһͷҪɱҲɣ

ҪҲȨǸѾõˣ򱦸Ҽġ
Ҫλ򱦸Ļ˵λΪһҪϾɱ

ǰҼϽʣΨһѪȻɱ㣬󻼣
˵գδ֮ʱеĵѾ߸𣬳ն

һƬѩ䣬ѹƷһѽƳȥԶ
ײײţͷȥʶȥ

壡

ߣ
Ȼ֣þԼȫǼʿӲסΪߵʱ

߬ȭͷڵء
ţæѩ

֮󣬺󷽴ľ޴Ƭѩ˲򶷵ļʿڵصס
屼ܵ΢΢һ٣ȴɲͣ½Ų
һͷȥһֻۣǰܡ

˼£ԾɲͣѪӿ²һϸʯӣΰڵء

һѪȻ˳Ѿܵ˫ľȴɻѡʸѩǰС
Ѫһһ䣬ӳһѪȴֺܿ챻ķѩסȫۼ

ҹĻ٣𣬽ҹȴһҹ

꣡
ܵǰʯŻش򿪣֮ܵС
ʯźȻϣ˵ڱĵϣ
ܵĹշ

塣
úް
Щ׷ɱǵʿߵҼ
ʼʧȥǵġҪȥԶ

ҲԼΪβУΪλǵɹ⡣
˽ļɹ⣬ԣһجΡ

壬ǲû˸˵ֻҪԥͻܱ
ȴûԥʸһԥͻɥġ
һĺҡ˵ĻϴڵأڴڴӿѪþ޷ɢȥ

֪˶ãܵͷŲ
֮£̧ͷ۾ƼһǺ½ǡ
壬ȣȴֲƼ˿Ǳģ

սս񾰣뵱׹ؿ֮Уνļɹĳֺء
ʶģ֮ʣǵ

壡
ĺҡǰѪͨܵƼڵϡѪ۵꣬æ

ĺҡָ̧⣬ʩ˵ྻһѪš
Ѿݻ֮е˷뿿ܵʯǰ̽ڵ

Ʋء
˼Ƭ̣ĺҡӴռȡһöҩȥȡһѩѩڻѩˮ
ѩˮ֮ٽöҩֳݣȡһͶˮУһһι

Ȼʶ״̬УܼǿǱаҩˮʶ£ȫ

尲֮ܵУĺҡ߳ܵ
ԼƬӺɫصĻصܵɴڻ֮е壬̾һ

ʱ֮ӻ״̬Ȼѡ
˫۵һ˲ɪһ¡

ˡ
ĺҡ̧ȥվ뱭ҩˮݹȥ͵ⱭˮҩԿơ

ãŴ״̬֮УȻѹ˵ĵһ仰ǣ˵öԣûԥĻˡ
ԭɫƶõͳɳơ

ԥֻܱ
ԥ֮Ľȴ쳣ҵġ

ĺҡȥȻһ٣ȥƼ˿̵״̬ȴǲеǰ뱭ˮ͵ǰ
תĺҡ⣬ǱˮӹлĬȻ

ҽӵѶ󣬸֮ʱѾˡĺҡ͵ʬףҴΪˣҪȥ𡭡

żŷѩ֮УѩУǰĹ˺ܾúܾá
»շ굥⣬ޱȣȴ䡣
ĺҡվڲԶûȥȰ˵Щʲô

ʱ彩Ȼһٴεѩ֮С
ĺҡ⽫ּ˻ȥ

֮еСʦ棬̹⡣ĺҡƫƫͷĿ֮һֱĬ壬ʵһ취𣿡
建̧ĺҡ⡣

޷ɽеΪ̫¡֮ܳ˽Ӧĳ̶ȣܹ̤֮·
ĺҡ˵ţü΢ֻ֮ʹǳˡǴ󲿷ʿԳܵסġ

ƽԡ
ĺҡԣ塣
֮ͷá

֮뿪ħ֮ǰѾռõĶ
ǣ˿̵ĴռҪĲֶҪ֮ﲻֲѡ

ĺҡ⽫ֲд壬ȥϣЩֲڱѩԭоܲժõĶ
һж׼ãĺҡŽ֮ϸ߸塣

Ҫڵһһϲ飬پֲطʹٶ
ĺҡ˵ţƼ治ɫģٶ˵Щʲôĸֲѷһ

ָ⴦ӳһĨտһһֲֵֿʼһֲȥ

̲Ŀ˲Ҳ˲ĺҡĶĽһһֲֵдںϡ
ƺҪȥطдḶ́ѾһȻġ

ʱĺҡ⽫һֲãΪһˮת壬

ʿ֮һһ֮ʱ϶ʹ̣ҧסԷԼСҧԼͷ
ĺҡ˵գӴռȡһײݸ塣

彫ӹȴ̧ĺҡ⣬ʵ㵱ʱҲôʹ𣿡
ռеĲֲѾĲ̣Լ쳣ҩ
һеһУһ֤ǰ֮ˡҲһС

ĺҡԣ΢һ

Ƿȴûĺҡش𣬱ҧסеİײתȥĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ̧ţȥ׽סһֱۡ
ĴӿһĨֱû䡣
Ĩ֮ڡҳ֮£һ΢С֮һһӹ֮顣

ĺҡס壬ûʱ޷סһߡ
ĨϯŰ忪ʼԾ
Ѿʹ˼֮״

ĺҡⲻֻͣܿ쵶ն㣬ڵһһ顣
ƬӺ󣬵ȵͣʱѾʹ˹ȥ

ĺҡ⽫ʧȥʶŽ֮УطΪӳţȷ

һкĺҡ֣ͣԲࡣ
˼ǰǸ⣬һ˲ŴԺ֮ҳǶμ

ʱħ磬ڣܾħš
ϵͳҪýħڽС

Уʹо΢ŮĽѩܵħʱʹʮٱصԼܲס
ϵͳʵ͵ҲѡŮԭ֮һ

֪ʲôʱʼʹҲΪһ֡óԿࡢ͵һʹࡱˡ
Уᵽʹϣͬһ㣬Ծ͸

ħʱ䣬ϵͳҪӽ䱸ɭϵħӳڳӹϴȥħԼᶨԼҪصɽеľġ
һٻħĺ·

Ϊˣϵͳصƶһ׿ƾѡʵ©ٳĳӼƻ

ʱһĹУϵͳǸɵƻԺ֮һֱ߶߶š
ʹֻҪһ̣ϴȥħ֮󣬲ܻصɽ磬˷ħ£װ׵İ뽣ڣΪһŵӡ

ΪһŵӣȻڿ˴ǰҹˣ뿼˴ʧ֮
ĺҡᴹĬȻ˵

һһ顣
ɵħɽ罻紦֮ʱȴûбġ
֡һһ罫Լ飬Ȼٽܡ


֪˶ã֮еڴӻ

ĺҡ״ʾ̽
̧˹ȥ

ĺҡǱʿƫ
΢ָʱǷݱ֮⾹ʹ쳣΢õЩĻ⡣

㵱Ҳôʹ𣿡
һγǰʹǸ⡣

ĺҡشУʹĸо΢
ȴУ

ѵʹľ֮󣬲Ÿоʹ𣿡






65.  ʮ   ϲңûϲ


ֻʹľ֮, Ÿоʹ
껰ţɫ԰ףĺҡԸָܵµǽֹסʹ֮⡣

֮ʹ, ǳˡʿ޷ܹȥġ
ĺҡ⻹ǵԼռ֮ʱ, ˵ԸҲҪܡ
, ǽѪѪһһ飬Ȼ³һ㡣

ǰɡĺҡᴹ, ջ, ͵ϱʹö, ⱲӾ͸һеʡ
˵, У, ǡ
ʻЩӰ

ŴԼһ
ĺҡ״ܵû, в̫ĺ֢

ԼԼе𣿡
ǡĺҡ֪˿̶ʹ̣, ͬ˵Ż, ԴﵽתעĿġ

ܹ, Ժ黨һʱ֮, ͿԿʼˡĺҡ⿴˫۵, ʵ֮ѡһķ

, Ϊ令, ȻֵԼһϹ˵ĺ֢

ɽУµϵΪޡޡ޵ȡ⣬һЩСڵϵ, ʿˡ

ĺҡ⿪ʼἰɽл֪гʶ
ȻǾҸ֮ʱͻ̫С˼ûô˵Щ顣
Ϊ˸תעĺҡ⽫ЩʶһԶȫ˵һ顣

ʱʱ֮ĺҡٴִ䣬̽ڵԼһʱͿԴ֮гˡ

建ۣ԰ǴѾǱīˮʪղ࣬Щ۵ζ

ĺҡջָ⡣
Ƿ΢Ĵжʱ뿪ʶ̧֣ͼȥ׽סĨʹ΢

ָڰ֮һ˲ɫ΢Ż֡
ĺҡȻ͵㻺һӺ󣬾Ͳʹˡ
ܣйһ⾭ġ

Ϊʲôܹ֮ĺ֪˵Ĳء
źӣĺҡ⣬Ŀ˲Ҳ˲ﲻ֪ΪͻأһĨɬ֮⿪ʼʼ˿˿ӳĲƵüҪ

ĺҡⴹȥƼʧһ˲ųʵڻǾرʹʲôⲻ̫ģ

嶯˶ǰˣǲҲһУһ֮ʱûбǸӵѰ
ʣǲǸͬһˡ

ĺҡ˫γ۾֮ʱЩѾ׼õĻȴϢֹ˴֮䣬޶

壬û˸߹㣬ֻҪԥͻܱ

û˸߹ĵ
ĺҡǵһҲһ
ԼҲͬһˡ
ųӡСԥôȵҫ۶ĿĹأ
Ưտ⻪ϣһ

΢ŴջĿ⣬ֻ۵Щˣһʱ֮ûӦ
ĺҡԣƫƫͷٴο壬ȹʱͺˡ
ˡ

ʱˣĺҡ̽󣬽֮
ܵĺҡת˿
׷ɱʿѾҵˣСѾǲܴˡ

⣬ú󣬲ſڵȳȥ
áĺҡͷӦ

֮ܵУһʯǰ
ĬȻǰʯŻأʯſ

⻺֮ܵУ崹ȥȴֻûȻʧ

ѩԭ֮ϣѩɷ׷Ʈ䡣
ǰ
ѩεͷȥصؿͷ

֮ųٻСȥһ
ԡ
ĺҡСϾ峤ĵطͬ
Щ׷ɱʿһһһ˫һԡ

Сɷ֣ʿɫҴңһ
Ǵϣ̯ߺȴ˹Ϊڼһһ̯λλݴ̯Ϊû

ȻͣסŲ
ĺҡ״̧ȥԭλʱȥǴ̯λѾ˱ʿ˰̯

嶼һˣ˸߲ҵϣȥռǸλá
ǸȴѾˡ

ǰȥԽǴѾ˵̯λߵסСԺǰȥƿš
Ժ뿪֮ǰģδκα仯

ĺҡվԺǰȴûǰһ塣
ع͸Ļпʼȥ

ֱԺǽһøߴͶӰӻƶĺҡű֮ʱĺҡתת⡣
֮һֱָĺҡ⡣

䣡


ĺҡת˲֮⽣һƶϣȻ£
һУѸ֮Զٹ¡

ĺҡ̧ȥһϮ£ͨͨǶȺ֮оҲҲò
ݣʺɱ֡
̬У޷磬ɿ̽һ
ˣɱ֡

ѾͲסӣҪ붯ɱɱ

ɽеɱǿΪǲɱֵġɱһ޷֮С꣬ԭǸòһΪɱֵġ
ҳ£ʯɱŹôһصһԪӤΪɱ

ɱ֮ĬȻֵġ
Ȼɱִѵ̫ϸֻǼĺҡһ𵤾ʿΪ壬Ȼֳֵϻһѡ

ĺҡͷһת˵κηϻ⽣һն˼

˼״ĺҡ⾴ƲԳԷƣǽ²һתԽǽͷ֮ʱѾһѳ
ȻʵʵΣĺҡնȥ

ֻǣɱֲ֪ĺҡݣûܹһԪӤʿ£ӦС

ĺҡƼݵһ治ɫָ΢ע⽣С
һ˲֮䣬⽣˲һͬʱȻ䡣


ĺҡһתӳһɱնȥ
տէȻ𣬼ͬһʱɱֲ˲Ծ亹ðӦѸٳ

ûеȵӳĺҡе⽣Ѿǰѩɨ


Ѫⱻ͸ɱʶȻڣϤʶʼȻ
ǳڱ֮еһγ֮С
öϤ˿̵Ĵ

ĺҡĮȻ⽣
Ѫ˳Ž⻺䣬ָΪԼ⽣ʩһྻѪһһɾ

岻֪ںʱѾԺŴŲԶרѪˡ
΢ĺҡһǺ½Ƿ޹һϣȴ˿һ˿ͻأ벻г
ǡ͸ˣһ㡣

ɾ֮ĺҡ⽣תѾСԺ֮߳ˡ
崹Ҿڱš

ĺҡѡȴ˿ûио⣬ֻͷҲãܹҪ黨һʱ䡣ʱˣ̤֮·ʱ㡣

߳С۴ѩԭ
嶢ѩ֮ӰӣʵҪ뿪𣿡

ĺҡԣһ˲̫ȷʵġҪ뿪𣬻ǲҪֱˡ
ߣкܴġ

ûĺҡش𣬱㽫һתѧ𣿡

Ѷ
һһҲһ˵˵һ룬Ͳ˵ˡ
ĺҡһĬȻ˵ţһ߳شµ⣬һԡ

ѧ
ѣҲѡ

ż򵥣лУ㲻ѡ
Ľ֮ϣ⡢һǴ󲿷ֽ׷ȴҲ֮õĶأ

˼ˣĺҡٴδӴռͳһУһԡ
ֱԻǻһˡ

嶢еĻĬȻͷãһԡ

һĺҡɫѾȥ
ǰ壬ǰǵѶ̤֮·£ɴѶҡ

ĿĺҡӰʧѩԭ̯ġ
УһĨտ⻪Ѷ



ҹҹˮ׹
һԲ¸߹ҹĻ֮¡

ĺҡѩԭ֮ʱҹɫѾ׽١
ҹɫУ»͸żŷѩΪǰ·

ûãĺҡ㿴˱ֱ׹ѩڡ
˼ŸνȥʱϵȻһһĨ⻪ӿֱΪѩš

ˣѩ콣ҲΪϵ˱ܿһ

ԭСʦĨһϿɣһѿͨд˴ġԿס
˼ˣĺҡսеƣ콣ΪٳĴ߽ѩ֮С

ѩ֮
ĺҡһ߽Ƽݷվڴ֮ϣ͸⻪շ䡣

Сʦ档ĺҡ״߹ȥһˡ
ݷתĺҡ⣬ʵ𣿡

Ѿˡĺҡ
ݷᴹĿĺҡǽīһĴڣźۼӹŵ

ĺҡԣתƼԶõһɱɵİϰһӦߣ衣
ݷԣָڲյ֮ϣ˫޳ǽڷ񾫵ϸ㣬˼¡

ĺҡ״Ҳ˳
Ŀ봹濴ݷ۲еѩˮ֮У֮䣬ˮֲԾ˾֮⡣

һԼֲַͬĺҡⲻɵаԸпһ
㣬Ǽ⴦

ƬӺݷ۽ֺãָᶯ֮£һĺҡǰ
ĺҡ˳ƽǱ˹л
ڵȴ֮ʱ޵Сʦ棬ôʲôᰡ

ݷ۴ԼеĲ豭
ȵĺҡһ֮ʵú𣿡

úȡĺҡش֮ʱ磬븹֮ʱһִ˿˿Ʋ֮ɢ
ʹùȴ֮Լʹ״̬⡣

Ը⣬ʱ򣬱˴ҡݷԸ𣿡
ллСʦ档ĺҡӦͷ

ĺҡָڱʶһ£еһ֮󣬱Сʦ棬ʱɫҾлȥˡ
˵գվйתߡ

ĺҡǰûһǰ޷Զžһ㱻£ˡ
ݷ۷󻺻𣺡˵Ը⣬ȴ˵һԸ⡣

Ը𣿡
΢͸żʧ֮⡣

ĺҡһ͸žӨ͸ĵţƼҹĻ֮¸߸߹Բ£ŻתȥŴ˿ڵеݷȥ

ݷԭһϮ򵥰˿̽ѾȥմȾҹɫһڡ
ī£ò

֪Ǵ˿̵й⻪̫䣬ǱʲôԭĺҡݷۣȴԽˡ
Щ񻰡

״̬µݷֻۣһΣҲһԲ֮ҹǴ֪Ϊνȥؿռ
ǰˣħ

ôֱģݷ۳ʵ
ĺҡɫƽ˹ȥÿҿʱ㶼˵лл
ǶСʦᡣ

ݷ˼૵ԭ𣿡
ллĿޡ

ĺҡ⵨Ӵ㻹ң˵Ҳġ
Ҳġݷ۳

ݷעĺҡ⣬Ѿܾûˡ
֮ҾͽȥǴؿռˡ

ȥѹƲסˣҾͳˡ
ݷһ˫ÿ֮ʢĺҡӰҲװ±

ݷʵң㿪𣿡
ġĺҡ

Ҿϲңûϲϲöࡣ
ݷ۴˿̷·Сһ㣬ֳִһߵ

ĺҡԣһʱ
Ҫôش
ûشһ䡰Ҳ̰ģϲ

ݷִҵͷÿ𣿡

Ӿϵľ޸ܣĺҡǸ˲жϡ
ȻȻˡ
Լݷ۵һμ֮ʱ޹ݷһ˪ѩƯ˪






66.  ʮ   Ǹ̫ҡ


ѵΪ
ĺҡⲻ˼˵

ΪСʦ, ûпСʦīԾܳ
ݷԾǾעƺڵȴĻش

ĺҡƬ, ɿڵҾСʦĶÿ
ûҡݷ۵

ĺҡֱ, ֳϣĶÿ, ûǲÿġ

ллĿޡ
ݷü£ԭʹ, β΢΢

ĺҡƼһֻƯò񻰵èһһ˳ë, ù
˳ëɹǸ

ֻҪ뵽һ, ĺҡԼ¡
Բ, Ȼ޶˾Ĵ
鰡

ĺҡѹһĨ¶ʵССʦ, ôİ
ѹƲסңұˡݷ

ĺҡŴԣȻ뵽֮, Сʦһ޾
Լ֮󲻾, Сʦæ뿪龰
Ϊһ, ԲѹƲס

ݷƫƫĿ, ĺҡݼ, , ǲ, Ϊһ, ѹƲסˣ
ĺҡȻȴǲ

۾ܺÿγ, Ҵ濴뷨ݷ۵
ĺҡԣллޡ

ݷ۾ĺҡ⣬Ȼᣬȴһģһ
ȴϲᡣ

ĺҡʵΪʲôأ
۲죬ǰݷݷ𣬳뷢ɫ֮ͬ⣬ϵ᲻ͬˡ

ʲôأᡣ
ἰᡱʱݷﶼ͸һʡ
ĺҡ⣬˫зĲ


ĺҡⲻ֪ôģ뵽һݷȫȻĴ
뵽նݷ۲ͬʱڵֽĲ²⣬΢Ŵգۡ

Ƽĺҡ˼֮Уݷĵÿ˶ᣬǶġҡ
ҿǲһģҵֻһˡݷ޹Ҳ𣿡

ĺҡ´̹ȻѵСʦҲеһԱ𣿡
Ҳ֮еһԱݷ۶棬ȻҲġ
Ⲣͻ

ݷԣüͷƺĺҡ˵Щȴ롢ԼĴͻ

Ҷһᣬ˱ңҿɱǸˡҶᣬңȴɱ
֮ݷ۲ҵĺҡ˵֮ԡ

ĺҡ̧ǰݷۡ
˵Լᣬ·Ļ֮Уȴɴ̶Ƶ˼µᡣ
µķȴҲǼµᡣ

ĺҡ⻺СʦҵһԶᱳˣĻǸ˼һԱƫһˡ
Ǹ̫ҸˣܹӵСʦ˫طᡣ

ݷ˼Ƭ̣˵úЩ

Сʦ棬ǲֻÿеʱܳһΣĺҡ⿴ݷۣʵƽҹֻ뿪ܽ뵽Ǵؿռأ

û
ݷΪ¶˶ỺüֻۣÿԲ֮ҹѹƲסˣҲܳ

СʦѹƲסʲôĺҡʵ
ħǱѹšֿħݷ̹Ȼ

Сʦ棬̹ϰ
ĺҡⶼΪͻȻȵˡ

ңҲŴġңǲشġݷգۣгʢңֻӳĺҡһ˵Ӱ

Ϊħһݼ·ִ
ᣬ㽫Ƿıѹƶš

ҷˡݷעĺҡ⣬ڵ׷κ⣬ȴ⡣

ǲǾ֤ұУ
ƺǾԼҵȷһ㣬ݷüۣ̯Ỻ벻֪ôģ

ĺҡԣݷֻ̯޳𪣬ǽڷ
ɷϣԣȷջ
ǲаôôСʦеΪء

˼ãĺҡʹüۣȴûκζ

ң
ݷ۵˵ţü֮ٶȾһ

ᰡôСʦأĺҡҡͷϵ
Ϊʲôأݷ۹ִʵ

˺һĺҡӦ̧ȥݷۡ
ݷ̯ƣƺǵĺҡ⽫ַ

ǿȥֻһһѯԸ
һִСţ±²ϲҲ±ᡣ
ڹ񣬼ʹħȴҲ޷κ¡

ĺҡԼ군ˡ
ҪҲӵС
ǰҲħˡ

Ϊҡ
ĺҡ֮꣬ʱֻݵǰȻһȴݷʧȥʶһԵȥ

ĺҡۼֿĽ˷סֲδ˵Ļ˵꣺Ϊ鰡
Ϊﻳŵֲ뷨

ĺҡ⽫ʧȥʶСʦȣ־õ̫ڱ䣬Ӵռһױ죬ݷϡ

˯ŵݷ۾ţĺҡֽһٱŪЩīһһ˳ŵСʦĶÿô˲ϲأ԰ɣ

Сʦ棬ΰ

֮ĺҡһԣĬ˺ü龲ľʼרע
ķת֮էһ˲תȥ

Щݷ
һīŹӰƶһһȥīɫȾ˪ѩһɫ

˳ѻ۽һ˲ݷףһƬ

ĺҡݷѾСʦ棬ˡ

˺һݷ۲ƷӦ㣬һ˳
Ŀ䵽յһ˲ʵҹǲŵˣ

ô᣿ĺҡҡҡͷ޵Сʦ㻹ҺأܺúȡСʦҲΪҺȵǱ裬ջԼʹ
ݷᴹлл

˵ûСʦĻĺҡЩĽ͵

ݷԣϵıƿãһԺ󣬲תĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ˳ӵĽȥ

޴󰭣ֻҪСһЩû¡
ݷ̽ĺҡ

ǾͺáĺҡͷӦȻȥˡ
˵գվݷ۸ǣܿ뿪˴

ݷ̧ĿһǺ½Ȼת˲ʧڴ֮УջĿ⣬վⴥһԵıӡ
֮΢ָᴥ֮£



չ׹һƬ黨ؾշš
ĺҡվں黨ǰָ̧⡣
һĨտֳѸٷֳͬÿһ֧黨֮ϣûС

ÿճ֮ĺҡϢ뵽ǰСʦæ뿪Ӧ˶һ˰ɣ

˼ˣĺҡ߻Ժз䣬˳ʶûС
⻷һ䣬ʶ۳Σ˴Ĺ㳡

Ĺ㳡ϣʵơ
洫ϣ۵һڵһλķȻ貶Ŀ

ĺҡ̧ȥһʼƣʮһλԼһ֮ʱ΢һ˲
֪ںʱֺհ״λϣѾһβ׺

ĺҡ⣬̫Ϸ壡

ڷ־ŷ֮ǰȴֻһ壬Ϊ̫Ϸ塣
ŷ̫ϷѶ׳ġ

ΪСʦ̫Ϸһ洫ϵβ׺Ҳˡ̫Ϸ塱֡

ĺҡ⣡
ĺҡ˼֮ʱһεԲഫ
ĺҡתȥƼһϮȹҶܹ

Ҷܵĺҡǰػصؿĺҡüۣų̫Ϸͷ˵

ûи˵𣿡ĺҡʵ
Ϊ˵ҲŸӾȡҶ˵գ۾ֽĺҡؿ˺ü飬ǰգ˴лعʵ֮ʱͻȻƼֵֺβ׺Щ֡

ʲôʱһ̫Ϸţӽ¸֪ҵʱһţǵһȷ֮Ÿš
Ҷ㾹Ȼҵ˴˵еʦ档

ĺҡƫƫͷҶɵ˵еġʦ棿Ϊʲô˵Ǵ˵еģ

ѵ֪ҵ洫ӵʱλʦѾΪĴˡ
ȥˣλʦ治Ǵ˵еʲô

Ҷ˵գһصĴսʵȻҵλʦ棬õϿɣ϶Ǽˣ

šĺҡͷͻȻֲ̫ԤС
ȻϣҶһ˲ʵλʦ泤úÿǲǷ̴棿Ǿ绪

ĺҡԣ۽Գ¡
ͲڴҶ˵ˮƽ
ʲô̴š

˼ˣĺҡǸһ£̴ĸֲôõġ
ѧõʱǲû

ҶҡҡͷֵȻشҵⰡ
ȻǺÿġĺҡش

ĺҡ⣬ҵһξҶԵҵһֱλʦʮ־ҪΪڱչУҲϢ϶õֻܵΪһơ̫Ϸ塯֡

ллޡĺҡ䴽Цĵطء

ҿʼˡҶǰԼֵһ飬ɫ֣Ǹ
֮ǰˣ㲻Ǹƿˣ
ܵõλʦϿɵģʲôƿˡ

֮⣬ҲΪҴǰ㵱Ǽ֮жǸ
ҶҵǸԥ

ĺҡƼҶݼ飬üʵ³ˣ
˵Ҷ̲סҧгԶʦϲǸŮӾȻ㣬̫ǸĽѩŮӣ

ʱ䣬ѾһˣҲ֪Զʦʱȥ̫ԵɣΪǸĽѩŮӡ
һʱԶűչسһ˵ǸĽѩĵɽȥˣҲɽȥˡ

˵ǸϵδᰣҲĽѩߡ

ǰҸˡҶȴǷĽѩһȵùģԶʦֵϹˡ






67.  ʮ   Сʦ棬ǰǲᡭ


ʲô, ǶϹ𣿡Ҷ̲ס
ôĺҡһεĿ˴֮жõһĺóɼ̫Ϸ洫ӡ
ǸĽѩʲôأ˴ȶûͨڿԵһءϲʲôãȫһ
֮ǰǸƿ˵ĳƺŸʲôĽѩأ

ĺҡ, ƽעҶ, ʦˣûʲô𣿡

ڡ·ԭ֮, ԶȥҶҪԶһȥġ
ԶȥĽѩ, ҶǸԶ, ĽѩԵǸˡ

ԭд
ҶעĽѩĿ, 뼵ʼʵʰ, ʼ벻ףΪԶʦֻϲĽѩ⣿
ĽѩԶʦ, δĹӡ
ʻ֮£Ҷ̲ס, ؾ֮ʱһ, ˴֮ϵȥ

Ҷĺҡ˵, ûʲô뷨, Ҫչرչرչءȵһγ, ҾԱȵԪӤһ, Űɣ

, ҶǱ˺ܾúܾõĳ, Ѿþû˵Ƶģһ춯ֵĺҡ, ˵ǰ˪Ҫʱְˣ

ʱڳĵӸҸ˵˪ðֱõѪˣ
Ҷܹ󵽵ʱǸһ㣬̲סЦ
Ĺ㳡ϣһ˵Ц

Ĺ㳡֮ĵЦ֮죬̲סѰЦҶ
ӳģҶһȹϸζ˵ò
˵ĶĶλҶСӣԼԦġ

ҶЦÿģЦֱʷվŮӡ
һϮī¿׹һԼָǳɫϵϵճΡһȥųīɫȴ˿óȤƲ

ܿϳĺҡݣ˺洫ϡ̫Ϸ塱ΪΣֻǰλҶʦվһԣǰȥѡ

ĺҡȥЦֱҶȷסųʦδ˪δġ
Ļû˵꣬㱻ҶæֹסҶסס

ʲôұչΪᰣȥ¼˻˻顣Ҷüһ΢̧򢣬ߵ

Ҷ磬Ϊ˶ĺҡ⣬׵ˣҲ˽ˣҲüȥչˡ

ĺҡ⣬Ҹ㣬ƶؾ֮ʱʱҵΪ϶ͳˡ
֮ǰҶԾɲźݻ

Ŭ
ĺҡ䴽£ֿף
ĿҶʶ֮󣬲ջĿ⡣

洫ĩβѩ
ͬĺҡ²ģѩȻһζû硣
ڤڤ֮һ⣬ѩĽѩⲻ˴

֮Уʲôڤڤ֮еĴɵ
ĺҡ˼ţĬȻ

Ĺ㳡֮ϣĵעʵֶ˵Ůӣȴʼûܹǰȥ
ֱĺҡʧʱǲƷӦΪźûǰȥύһ

ĺʦð
ǸһŵӳɹͨˣΪ˴ȵһ˰
̶̼µʱ䣬һ۵ĵӣһһ洫ϵʮһλá
˶ԳΪƿˡ񡭡˭ҡ˭Υһ䡰ƿˡء

һߣĺҡʶعʵ֮ɫ͵ʼյС
ʱ䲻֪ѾȻš

ȵĺҡ⽫ķת֮ʱȻת⡣
ҹȲԲ֮ҹԲǼġ
ÿһҹ±Բȱö

ʱĺҡ㣬վԺУȥԺŴ򿪡
ȻԺվŵģһϮ¡ɢīݷۡ
»ԡ

ݷվԺŴĺҡ⣬գۣỺմһѣҺܿġ
ĺҡ̧ȥݷһ˫ÿ֮һ˲ӿϵ
һʢſϲõĹâͬÿҫ۵ǡ

ҹһûжͬ˵ͱϻȥˡǣҽҹֳˡ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ʵң㿪𣿡

ĺҡ´ͷġ
̰ģҲܹ˴ʧˡ
ۼһġ

ݷƼĺҡݣȴͻȻָھĺҡⲻԶĵطҪ׽ȴһ̿šðľ롣
ҿ۾ĵ֮ɫ

ڵģǲʲô£ŻѹƲסˡ
ݷ۵˵ţü۵ʹ

ţûĺҡҪôش֮ʱݷѾٶ̧ȥĿ͸żңȻĵĻҾ͸ԭɡ

ĺҡ⣬ΪʲôأΪӳһļˣԽҳʱԽࡣ

ĺҡԣȴü̵˵ĻСʦǲǵúúţһҪ׶
ȵ˺֮Сʦû¶˰ɡ

ĺҡ˵ţ߳һݷۣСʦ棬һҪһЩҪ׶ˡ
ɽУкܶڵģǻֵģҲɳġ

׷𣬵ɳɳΪǸ֮˰
ֻǡǰĽһ㣬ʱĻü
ȷ
߾ȫ

ĺҡ̧ȥСʦ棬֪𣬴ǰǲ׳ֵġ
ݷĺҡ˫۾һƬγ˲񣬲ҡҡͷҲ֪

ĺҡ䴽֪ˣǰ׳֣Ƕɱﵡ

ԭʱ𣿡ݷ૵
û˵Ļ
ǶǱǰߣһֵ֮սֱʹˣˣȴɻֻվһͷ
Ϊһͷῴ˫־度¡ʧ͸۾

ᱳᡣ
Ϊ֮ȴѵĲﰡ

ĺҡ⿴ݷۣԣСʦһҪòС

ǣ壬ҾֻԲ֮ҹʱ򣬲ܿˡݷ۵˵ţ仰͸żί
ȴܹն㣬һҲƽ

ݷỺüۣûϵҪ峹ãҪܳܳʱ䡣κܳʱܻѰᣬܹġ

ڻǲеģѹƲסҡݷ۵

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣׼ݷ۵Ժš
ûڣǰݷ۱һ˹ȥ

ĺҡ״æȥ˷סĵŸһ˵УС˰ɣ
̾һ˷ԺУСİúá

ԺһƬ黨΢΢ҡҷš
Ժɫɴ
ǽǴһƬӰӰ֮ԼʲôȻǱţ˳»µӰһһ㿿Ժϵˡ

ĺҡԭһԵģ㣬ȻȥֽĨȻǱݷߵħ׽סС
Լλϡ

еһħĺҡüͷ˼૵лһħΪλ

ħ֮ÿһħħͬġ
ӴлħȻԼ´Ժ׽סħл֮֡

лʲôʱأ
ĺҡԺ֮һ뵽˴ǰڿ˴ǰǶʱлɽ硣

ǵõʱ²лɽĿΪΣԭǳűѩԭ
ħ¥л

ĺҡⶢһħ˼ħŽѩеá
¥硭ǳСʦģ
֪Сʦ״

ǰħϮħħͬϮɽ硣
һսУ⻼֮£ɽڴֿܷɡ

֮ħڻſӣħħҲ
ĺҡⲻ뵽һνľߡ
·һʲô鰡˵Ŀⶼסһ඼ڸǵ޺ۼȫȻκε֮
áجج

֮ĺҡתת⣬ݷۣСʦ棬Ρ

գ֮ʱݷһīڹӰ£ʱ˪ѩһɫ
۽һҪ

ĺҡ״
Ȼ̫Сʦ̫ΪѣҲû찡
ѵ˵ΪСʦ°Ժеģ

ݷʱӭ⣬΢ۣʶǰ΢

ݷۿĺҡ⣬ɵҹûŵ㣿
ĺҡҡҡͷûУǽ̸ú졣

Ǹˡ
ݷ΢ŴԼӦȥˣʵѧ𣿡
ûѧĺҡ

ҽοΧ󷨡
ݷվ֣Ӵռȡһö򣬵ĺҡ⣬͵ѩ󷨵Ľܣȿһûﲻġ

ĺҡԣֽö˹ʶ֮̽С
ϤĽܷ񣬾ͬǰݷ۸ǿܺ黨һ㣬ϸ

Ƭӣĺҡѧе󷨺ݷۣʵСʦ棬󷨺Ҳд𣿡
ѩ󷨵Ѿˡ
˴ϣ󷨲ûˡ
ҺֻҹŻῪġ

Ҵǰоһ󷨡ݷӦ
䱾ⲢסˣסԼġ

ݷƬ̣󷨡
ŵĻ

ĺҡ򣬽תתʶţȴĵ󷨱Сʦоġ
ҪסСʦԼ
áЩѶȡ

̫ãĺҡⶼȥݷˡ
ҹɫ֮ʱĺҡŽϤԺ⴫

ĺҡȥţԺīµݷۣСʦ棬Ϻá
ּˣ㿪𣿡

ġĺҡ⿪ڴ
ݷ۲Žο󷨵ķˣҲûֹס

𣿡
ݷʶǰһ΢»֮ԼӰѾͶԺУȥ
һһĺҡһ£һ岽֮Զ

ֱԼӰӶûٽĺҡԺʱݷ͵͵Ŀڵû֮ǰҲܽȥ
ҵӰҲܱȽȥ

˵ùִί






68.  ʮ   ʲôܣ
ԭ


վҹɫ»֮, ģ˿ü΢˳Ũѻ۽ް븲¡
ίֹ˳


ĺҡ˵, ȴ΢Ŵ, סԼִ󲻾뷨
´, óλǡСʦҪһ𣿡

ݷ۶ĺҡ, , 򴽵᲻᲻̫ð
ĺҡƼݷģ, ̲סЦ, ̹Ȼʲô̫õģʣСʦҪҪһ

ϾվҲ۵ġĺҡⲹ
ݷ۵͵ʹ, ˼㣬֮ͨ󣬲ŵлл, ҲЩˡ
Ŵǰĺҡ˵֮ԣ˵֮, һлл

Ժһ㡣
Ψһͬ, ĺҡ⽫Թȥݷ۸, Լ߽ġ

Ժк, ݷЩʲô, Ҿ֪, ֪Ժ, ϶뷨Ըңٰѹƻȥ
󷨿Ȩʲôأ󷨵ĽⷨǴ𣿻˲ɣ
סҵġ

ĺҡ̲סΪݷ֮ĸʼͷ
ݷ۶, ֱǴֳ
ǣһеİ취˸ȥ

ֻǣĺҡ⽫˺ԭס֮ʱݷƼżҹɫȴҹִɫ̫ˣҪȥ

ĺҡԣգۣҡͷСʦ棬úϢҲ߲˼·ġ
ôطһӾߵ·̡

ݷɲΡ
ĺҡ״һ뵽һ⣬Сʦ棬Һܻҹ裬硭ҺһΣ

ݷ۲ÿ·ĺҡԼԺУִӴռ֮ȡþߣ¹֮¸ĺҡһ衣

ҹȲ˯ʲôģĺҡǲôںġ
Ҷʿ˯ţˡ
Ҫ˯þ͵ˡ

Ǳʱ䣬ɫΪƲ֮ʱ
ĺҡⴹӹ̧ڶ氲Ѿ˯֮еݷۣգۡ

Сʦ棬Ρ

ǱһĨůһ֫ӿȥ
ĺҡͣЪ󣬻صԼԺС

һ磬ĺҡУȻʼ黨أժһ֧黨֮á
ݷ֮ʱһҲ·㡣

ˡ֮ݷ۷Լռȱ˲٣ԭѾٶ
˳Ĭ֮УȻҲ·㡣

ˣˣˣ
֪Ǽ֮䣬ԼͬرһĪĺгΧ

У黨УϵȥСʦ̣һ֮Լ
ĺҡÿյճ֮¡

һɡ
ԽԲ֮ҹݷ֮ԼʱͻһЩԽԶԲ֮ҹʱԽԽ̡

һʱ䣬ת˲š
Բȱֵܿһеӡ

УϸħϮĳԾɱμС
ħǿ󣬻һ޾ĳҼ¡
λشǰľһ

ֵص˸ֱһ𺳡
ħ֮ʶعɽ磬´ڵλʿ
һ̫ޣҲ󲻳˽֮һλ֮⣬ʲôطܳһλޡ

˴ѶѯһյľһƳ
֮УڱչصҶ⣬λȴ֪һ˭

ڴ֮ϣзɳɣ
һõ˵Ŀ϶
϶ҪĽܹõأ

̷û׼űչ֮ʣ͵͵ȥأ
̫ҡҡͷûǿʵ

ٹգҪˡغǲǽڻбǰ⣬¿ţУǶҪӭڵ

֮ǽеħ֣Լλǰ֮£ЩħǷ񻹴ʲô˼

ŷ֮󣬾Ѷķʽ֪ͨ洫ӣûбչصġû˵ģһնȥӭսħ

ѩԭ֮УĺҡӵѶʱڷֳԽ黨ء
ڶµĺ黨ĺҡԼѾоʹˣָرá

뵽ڶվУĺҡ⽽黨غ󣬱ȥݷۣ¼˵˵ֵԣСʦ棬ҿûа취չ˺黨ˣСʦչһա

ݷԣӦãչ˺黨
뵽Щʲô㣬ҡ

ĺҡƺµݷ˵ʲôգۣСʦ棬֪𣿴ǰųֵɱﵡ
ҹ˵Ļ˵һ飬濴ݷۡ

ݷݼӹһ˿ʧ֪ˣչ˹黨ǰı֣𣿡
ĺҡԣͷҿɵúúñˡ

ҹϡ֮ʱϤ촫ĺҡȥš
Ƽīµݷ۵һۣݷ۶ʧ㣬ȴȥһҲƽ

ĺҡɫ΢뵽ͬݷ۽̸ĻûϵЯһöӰ飬ҿһж¼

𣿡
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ԼǰĶ
šĺҡͷ

ݷѯʵһҪȥ𣿡
ĺҡһΣЭһ£յݷӦҲ鸴Ӱɡ
ǣÿλã˽

ٵĺҡҪ֮ʱһֱԱ߲δŵݷתʵҿһ𣿡

ĺҡȻ⣬ȴǵͷ
ݷۻָ֣ĺҡüĴ

ԭ
ĺҡܵüĴĨ΢ĴУ˵

һĨݷָ⴦֣ת˲ûĺҡüġ
ݷ۵ҰҶһݵھǸӵ˫Ҹˡ

СʦҵһԶᱳˣĻǸ˼һԱƫһˡ
̫ҸӵСʦ˫طᡣ
ǵôǰĺҡ˵Ļ

ܵ𣿡
ݷĿ˲Ҳ˲ĺҡ⣬ᱣֻ㡣



Уĺҡ⽫ʶʵ֮ʱȴԾΪݷǷʧ

˺ܾãѾˣˡ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊ֪һֻ֪֪ܡ
ʲôܣ
ԭ㡣

Ƿ˼ǡҹݷڽһθʱ䳤ӵĶԻ
ĺҡ򴽲
ֻǣʣʱһա

Ĺ㳡ϣĵӽԴĥڴĥͬɱе໥̸š

ĺʦãǺþò˰

˺ĺҡתȥƼһϮµ緺һ㣬ɵóЦԭʦְ
˵ʦǲˣҲûʦˣ

ĺҡ⳶ҲǺþûʦء

ü۾ԭǷ棬ִȣһҹӵȣκĺҡһһ˵ڣٶҹ｣ںɽج֮С

ȻǣĺҡҲǲɣ
һϵЦݶЩĺʦõˣһûĺʦѶأ

ĺҡƻһŵҼǵҲǸʦһѶ𣿡

Ҫġ
°Ѷֻû˵ڣһ֮ת˲ϮʶֲܿתȥҧгݵȻڸ

һ뿪𣿡

Ȼû뵽ԼһǸΪ·硱ᰴĺҡߣ״ܵ˵Ż
˿̣ܻǵǺǣʹڴħ֮ǰȴ㣬˵Ҳ١

û뵽Ȼʦֺʦһܣֱһ㡣
ҿţҲû˭ǰȥȰһȰλʦеһλš
Ͼλʦ˭Ҳǲġ
ǡ

˲ԼͬĽĿͶԶһϮīɫȹĺҡϡ
λĺʦãӦȰɣ
˲ȷ˵

ĺҡⲻȰ
㳡ϲԣҲȰ
һһ˷ǴûпͷһͿֲȫ˵Եʡ

˺˻һܾͺˡ

ֵʱ˪ʶ۳ΣС
û뵽Լһ磬Ȼ֮ԵĻ棬Щˡ

ô£˪һˡ
ʦ㣬Ƿʦֺʦǡ˽ǰһĻһ˪

˪ԽԽͷۡ
ǰս׻֮󣬻¼һˣ˵ǵ˸׵ĿޣҲΪͬһˣ׶Ϊʧ

˪Ȼҵ츳ôҲǱǿġ㻹Ǹɡ

ƾʲôأ
Ϊ츳
һ֪۸Сˣδ

˪ֽţȴǲԣǰһȰ˵ʦ֣᰸磬ǱˣʱǵħĹؼʱ̣ǲš

˪ͲˬȻ¶Ҫѹһͷ˿˪ȻȺȻʦ֣ٺģɵ㾹ȻȺٺң

˪ˡ
ʲô

ȻǺǣ


᰼ԼıŷȻȥ
һһ˲죬òɿȻ˳ǡ

ͬһʱԻħնȥ
ͬʱе׸ħδü˵һԣͱˡ

ħħеӾ

Ҿ˵ʦֺʦֿ϶ǹֹؼʱ̵ӵʿԭǲħ֣Ҫ䲻Ľٵħĵһƻ

ĺҡ⽣ȴ̲סƫͷȥһȺ֮ǸԡǷȻˮһĵӣ۽΢һ顣

üһ
Ǿ뵥Ĵܶѡ

ұֻ֤С˺Ǹֻ֪ϷСļһղžûôࡣ

޲Ŵܣʲô˼أ






69.  ʮ   ܵ𣿡


ҹĻѹ, ȴһ¸߹ң׹

ľǸˡħ˵а
ĽѩŲ, ҧŴ, 

ǰСн, Ȼһο˴ǰǸˡ
һΣ֮

һ˲, о, û
Ǹˡһħ, ˵һа
˵, ɽ磬ͼı

ᰲ˵֮, ħѩʦãǴӿһΣѾλǰ𣿵ʱҸܵ, λǰһߣʹõ, û⡣

ѩʦ, ħа֮, Ҳеħֶǻˡ
ʱʵȰ˵

š
вµħ֡
Ǹαװȴڶħ, Ľɱħ
񼸸֮ǰ, ̫Ǹħ

кõħ֡
ֻ

ԶһϮѩ׳, վ, ͦΣͬһֱĳĽѩ, ˼Ƭ̣ſڵĽʦþǸ⣬Ǿȥһĵס

Ľѩԣ̧𣿴ǰʦ˵ʱҡ
㡣Զ

ԶһʱڶĵĽѩġ
֪ǰĽѩ֮֮£ɣǰȥ̽ǡ

ĽѩͷʢŹ⣬ڵķ䣬ʵҪȥʦ𣿡
Զԣɫ΢˲Ž͵ʦֽӦµģǲȥ

ʦָ˵𣿡Ľѩⲻǵ˵ԼҪʶʵ

ǰ˵ġԶ͵
õһ󷨣סħаȴס塣ǿԽĽʦ㻳ɵǸ⡣

ȷסˣħаûбסĻǲˡ
ĽѩԣӦá

Զд󷨵ȡݸĽѩ⣬Ľѩ졣
Ҫʩչ

΢֮ʱĽѩŽѧᲢ죬ݻԶھȥԡ

Ľѩסջ֮ʱѾǸˡסںδˡ
ԭᰲͬļƻԼҲҪȥһǸˡû뵽ڴ˴Զ
һ̽ǸˡȻһЩ

ĽѩѰռеλãԶΣǰǸˡסԺӡ
ԺⲼ̽󷨡
ԼΪۣ߳Ժӡ

ԺڣϳǰϵĲ
ȥѰʶʱ֮ʱƾԼıģٶȳΪǸΪġĻµԼ

ϳɲⷬ˼
ѾѰҿˣȴʲôҲûҵ
ʶʲô
ʲô
ĹȥѰң

ģ
ϳɻָ֣ԼĿڵλϡ
ڽѯʵģǸ˵ĵλá

ʱǸָĿڣһֵֺ͵Сֵܣ㲻֪ĵطǸطİ
ܵ𣿡

ûС
ϳɵԼĿڵλãϸţȴʼոܲĵ
û

ΪûҲʶ͹
ҪȥָԼأ

׹룬ϳϡ
ϳҲܲʲôرģ˸п˵յðǴ˿Ҳ˵˾䡪
յð

ͼᵱ˵ĸܡ
ϳʲôоҲûС
վƿţԺУ׼뿪˵ء

ˡĽѩԼĲʸУŬԵԶ
ָ̧⣬һĨȻû֮µС

ǡˡ߳Ժе˲䣬ĽѩԶһָۣ΢

ϳִԺţĮȻ߳ԺС
ǰͻأһ׹⻪͸żΣ֮⡣

ڰеĽѩƼԺǡˡͻȻͣ½ŲݼӿһĨϲɫ
ΪǡˡĲˣ󷨵סԭ޷ٶ

һ˲Ľѩ̤Ӱ֮Уˮ
Ľʦá
ԶæסĽѩ⣬ٵȵȡ
Ľѩԣһ˲򴽿Զ

ϳǰȻֵ׹⻪Ȼ̽ȥ
ֲֻ԰ϰش͸

Ľѩʱԭء

ϳɽ˻
Ժ֮ʲôһ㣬ٶȥ
͸׹⻪һ˲ָ΢գһȻȻķӦ֪ƽ󷨡

ϳջ֣עתȥµ𣿡
Զ̽һǰ񣬽͵ѣʦá

Զδ֮ʱƼϳɺ޹˼ɵָ֣һգѸٱ
֮ģ󷨵ɡ

Ľѩ⽩Զ󷨷Ȼ³һѪ

ϳƺûԼĶΪλѪԽǣ˳ѵС۾ֱ뿪ˡ
һǷʧּ䡣

Ľʦá
Զû뵽λǰĮˣһͶϣֱ󷨡

ĽѩվԭأǾš
ĸоȻǴ

ԶϢѹסԼɶƣתĽѩ⡣

ƼĽѩⴽǴѪӴռȡһѩݹȥĽʦãҸоˣλǰԸˣŻʲô˵ֱƳȥ

㲻Ҫ黳ԶȰ

Ľѩһ˫з·ʧȥ˹㣬
֮ŷӦԶеǷѩԭҸо𣿡
塭Ҫʲôأ

ĽѩֽǷѩȡллʦ֡

ѩ䣬ỮԶģָ΢¡
Զջ֣䣬Ҽλǰʹõķƺǵڷǵ֮ˡ

פ򣬶ȴפڶġ
Ĵ֮Уһפڴˡ
ͬΪҵĽңǶĵκǰһ

ڡ⸽𣿡
Ľѩ૵

Ľʦãǻлȥɡ
ԶĽѩȰ˵ȥúõϢ󷨷ɵˣֲŻԼķ䡣

ԶһöҩϢȡԼ洫ƣʶûУת˲С

У
Զһ󷨷˵ģ壬ʶЩˡ
˼ˣЦһ

λǰ̫֮ҡ
̽δüǸλǰȻƿ󷨡

ĺĺѣ
ԶĳսϣмһΪ

ԶѾһ˿̿첽ߵ⣬Ƽս֮Уһտɨħɢ
ǵտȻһϮ£ȴܹΪȺ֮۵Ĵڡ

Զĺҡ׵÷һĲգĬؼӭϳһħ

ĺѣ
½º񽣣зŹĿתĺҡ⣬̲ס޵
һԼе񽣣ôûôأ

ƺ½º뷨̹⻪һҪ½ºѳȥɵĺҡȥ

½º״æ񽣣úúã񰡣ûãûãûá
̫ˣѧ˻ҲΪȱս飬Ŵ򲻹Щħġ

ĺҡ̧⽣տ˹ħնɱڽ£Ȼͷ½º⣬ģ֣Ժͻˡ

½ºԣ𣬿ʵĺѣжãŴﵽزģ
ĺҡԣɫ˲֮ŻشѾܾúܾˡ
һĽңڽڵĶʮ꣬һҲѾܾúܾˡ

ҲҪȥС½º
Ȼʦһÿʱǻ˵ҵʲôأ
ӾҪں󷽵ˡ

룬սնɱЩħ

ĺҡԣ䴽Цû׼㽫ܴء
ԶԶԡ½ºͷӦͬҴʦִܣȻӮһء

˽̸һħ˹
ȴһտȻƿ

⽣ƺ֪Զһĺҡ⻢ʱԼĵλÿһĹ⻪Ϊ貶ҫ۵Ĵڡ

½ºУòųһ񽣣
Խ½ºѳȥͬ⽣һˡ

ս֮ϣԴԴϵħϮôɱҲһ㡣
ЩħԾɲϷÿж᳢ͻƽڣɽС

䣡
ԶսϣһħڶСħļӳ֮£Ϣ˽ףѾ׳ɳ
ټʱգħسɸ߽ףҲ൱ʿĴ˾硣
죬ƬΧڵʿУ

кһƬյøһɶ
нڵƼһϲ󺰵ʦ֣Ƿʦ־ǡ

ȻһϮƻͬǷһ㣬ȼһа
Ǹħɽףͱһطһ룬ɵŭգԶķȻ

Ҫɱ㣡

Ȼ˵ϻֱ̧һǸħϡ

һߣƼͷֱȻˣ̲סֻ̧ӳһΧ˪ߵħն飬˪ʵУͱȥĵطתת

˪˰벽ü΢Ϊҵ˻񣬾ܰﵽ᰸ˣû뵽һǱˣûá
᰻˻ӽٶ˵һȥΧħˣħΧסȺ˸˳

ʦ֣ʦ֣һ֮ͽΧҵȵһȺħǽȳ
ʦ֣
е̲סᰣĿ֮͸żֳ֮⡣

ӵĻ֮£ᰵӷ߾ȫһ㣬Ϊơ

Զĺҡⶼŵúһ˵ǵ治¼ˮ
ĸӱȣ˼ô˵ôϸ
̬ð

ĺҡӽΧ˹ħտһ²Զ

Ȼһˣ᰾Ҫˡ
ȻһȺˣ᰾ҪȺˡ

֮ܶһж֤ҪȷȻ
ս֮ϣ󲿷ħǱһһ˸ġ

ħȥ˻صϢ֮ʱ½ºŲԶķȻˣ̲סĺѣλʦִͰ

ڽ޵ĴԣȻ鴫
ޣһȺܴܵʿ

½º⻳б񽣣Ȼ̹⻪ֶ½ºֻȴĺҡĲ֮⡣

½º⿴һâֿ֪ʼȥĺҡˣæĺѣҲξΣ֮УСǸм






70.  ʮ   ʶ㲻


½º˵, 뵽һ£̲סСĺѣи㡣
ĺҡ, ½º, ˵

λСʦǲǾһελؽޣ

ĺҡû뵽½º⵱յĶһֱڣΪݷСʦ, ǽ͵ˣǲСʦ, Сʦ档

½º, ¶Ȼ֮ɫ, ԭˡ
ĺҡյ˵ȷ, ȱܣòã

ҶҶ½ºһص, λСʦǽɱһĴڡ
ǰҪġĺҡͷӦ

˵գĺҡݷ˵Ҫ, ɵתȥܡ
ûҵСʦ棬ԶûͣһķȻִˡ

һȻ, ֱ, һͼȸ֮⡣
, Ӱٶȳ⡣

˼״, Ϊһε, ħϮ, æŴ, Ϳս֮ϣȻᰴ
ȫȻħӰ

һ֪Ȼʵһ, ǱڳŴĿ

Ĺ㳡ΪȻᰴܣһֿ
ĺҡûȥһһ˴ܣԭ⽣ѩøɾָ֮⽣ʩ˼

ĺҡ̧ȥƼʵεݷۣվ߹ȥСʦ档
ݷۿĺҡ⣬Ѿ黨ˡ

ллСʦ档
ĺҡлݷųĶ͵Сʦ棬ܵŵġ

ָָ֣Ĺ㳡ϵʵֱ洫ŵһķȻŵڶᰡ
ݷԣᴹ૵Ȼ

СʦԷȻȤ𣿡
ĺҡݷ۵ĵڵȻһֻˣڽŵġ֮ڶʮǰ뽣С

йڷȻЩ飬ǡ·ϸܵġ
һھ֮ȻǴΣϵͳԺ߶һѹڷȻľ顣
벻סѰ

أСʦ棬㻹ǵ֮ǰ˵Ĵ᰾¼ҵˣҲڶʮǰ뽣ڵġ

ˣͷ
⴫ܻǲǶҵͷҵЩʲô
ûᰰѻ˵꣬ӭһ

ǽĺҡȤ˷Ȼһ𣬷Ȼͷ
һںɽǴΣȻƳģĺҡⲻ˵ˣ˭Ű

˼ˣᰲܹȻһԼǳƽ磬ڵʦ֣ˣҲԣҲ԰û뵽ҲǸҡö˵˼仰Ҫˣ

Ժܿҡþˡ

Ŷ
֪ʲô˲õ㣬
ڳſڵ˪ʮϤĻ˳Ĭ֮С

ǺǣȻһƵᰣᰣˡ

ڸݷ۽һһ˵ĺҡᰵĲԲ̲סһ١
һĻһøλʦء
ʦ֣ò衣

ĺҡæݷ۽͵Сʦ棬Ǹ˵˵ԼôûӮȻԹ˵̼Ȼġ

Ҷ
ݷ̧Ȼ貹⻪
֮ջĿ⣬ʵֻС㻥𣿡

ôܣĺҡҡҡͷ

ҴǰֻСˡʱһö˵δƿǣڷ˵ϵҹ
ݷ֮Уÿһζ˵ȥԼ̹ȥˡ

ĺҡһݷ˵ǰ£ʵȻأ
ݷۻŵкüΣֻС˹޾ȥˣƯ˺üֹ˷˵

Ȼ󡭡
֮󣬱ǰˡ
˵٣ħħħɽ磬޾롣
ޣƿ֮ձбȼʿΪ
ϰֻȼ𣬻һʢš
޾֮ϣǧδ

ȼϾֻʣһö˵
תת֮ö˵ƿǶ

ĺҡԣָ΢һ£ĬȻ
Ȼһֻˣǰһö˵δƿǣδ۾һС
أ

ǰ֮ˣȴǶսµˡ

ĺҡ⶯˶ȴͻȻ֪˵ЩʲôˣֻóЩħĺᰡ
ٷĻҲ޷ǳս´ʹĨƽ

صǡݷʶͲ
ĺҡԣתݷۡ

ݷۣ򴽵˵ˣء

ǰЩ֮Ѿȥˣֻʣһ֪һˣֻʣһڵˡ
ȴûʲôģڰο

㲻˵ǰҪٳֵһֱڵġݷ۵
ĺҡգۣ֮Ц֪ˡ

ֵʱٶȴһ죬ȴЩħٶȴӻֶ
ĺҡ죬ȻСʦ棬ȥˡ
һСʦͻƼ𽥿ʼۿ

ڴڣսħֻǵ;ħ
Щħս֮㣬𽥽ɸ߾ħ

ɽУЩħ֮á
֮Уֺγڽʿĥǵһֶأ

ֻֻܹø֮е洫УеӶħ
ѰΪǳУȥ
Ψ洫ӣ۵веùΪսԱġ

ЩħͬǽСħǲǰЩСħħĵʯСħȫħĽס

ħĲͬ

ĺҡһӣս֮У⽣տնЩħ

ƺΪϸ֮ʱݷ۵ĳ֣Щħ
ֱʱ֮󣬶δи߾Ĵħ֡
һһСħԽƶᳯ繥

ʱ磬פеĴ߶δһ˿һħϢɵþЩ֡

ȵһħ֮λ߽֮еĵټôҶעעЩ
ʲô֣ǵ̸

ʦ֣ղһ
Ĺ㳡֮ϣеƼԶŵķȻ̲סڵ

ȻӦһĿʵϣȴ˼
ղŻصĹ㳡֮ʱһˡ

ûмǸˣȴĪϤںܾúܾ֮ǰһ㡣
ɵͼ߹ȥʱǸŰµȴѾ뿪ˡ

Ȼ϶Լûʧ
ΪʲôȴܹγĪĸо
һλǡĺҡʱ

˼ˣȻ̧ȥĹ㳡ҵĺҡӰ˹ȥ
Ĺ㳡ϵۼŷȻһȥ̲סס֪Ȼȥ˭ġ
ҶȻֱĺҡڵķȥⲻɵһĵѲʦ˵ĻȻģ

ĺҡ˼һƬӰסӭĹ⡣
̧ȥƼǷȻʦ֣£

Ȼ΢Ŀĺҡһ˲뵽ǵ֪ںʱͳȥķ⣬ķ

Ѳûƿ֮ǰͳȥ˲ɣ
ûƿǵʱĺҡⶼûء
Ȼ̲ס˼ƿĿ⣬ղǸӵĿŭҽУϣЩ˵ġ

ĺҡԣͷ֪ʦִϲ˵˵ġ

ȻĺҡӦȻӦ֮죬־òˬˣһſٱ΢á
ðΣǸԶһ㣬ƽЩӴͲǸˡ

ĺҡƼǰȻ仰û˵ֳɵ˵ֻСĪëǸĲ˰ɡ
ڲţȥˣ϶ʦġ

ȥˣ
Ȼԣȴһ
ʱڱչأֱղųأȻ֪ĺҡѾ֮¡
ܿ뵽ƺҲɽȥˡ

ĺҡ΢ƶؾҪ֮ʱҲŻ
Ȼ˶ƺ˵ЩʲôĿ˲ֻһ䡰ʱƶؾ˵ת뿪ˡ

ĺҡҲ⣬ϾȻţôпܵģ򵥵Ϣš

һգЩħһ˺üȴСħ̽
ʱҹĻ٣¸߹ңЩħҲûʲô󶯾
˽ҹħһν͵õȵ¸ˡ

פڴ˵Ĵ÷սһյĸɵӻعϢ
ĺҡ뿪ǰ̧ҹĻ֮ϸ߸߹£ħֻһսԾЩɻ

Сʦйذɣ
ʶ㲻
һʮ֮ȴˡ

˼ĺҡʶعʵ
ǰһûȥС

֮Ժ⴫һ΢춯
ĺҡȥţԺ֮ݷۣգۣСʦ棬һ

ݷ̧˫֮ʢӰҵܾˡ

۹˶ٸҹӰҲɿƵشھԺһ֮ĵط






71.  ʮһ   ģˣǡ


һ, ĺҡƺкܶ໰Ҫʵģȴʲôûʳ

ĺҡǵõһīµݷʱݷʹһ⡣

ҷ, ׷, ȴ⡣ǲ֤ұҪУ
׷ʣΪСʦҪʣ׷, ҲΪСʦ治뱻ʣȥȥ
ͬ˿һߵľ, ƶ̡

ð, ĺҡͬһ, ʵСʦ, ҪҪһ
ݷ۴ԼӰӣӦ˾, ǵӰӻԾ

Ժд㡣
ݷ۽ֽУ̧ȥ
һϮµŮѾſ, ΢˫ۣ֮С

ɫĽɫ⻪շ, Ժ, ĺҡյһİ, ܽޡռ˼֮⡣

ݷĿ˲Ҳ˲, Ȼ󻺻ȥ, ָ»֮, »֮ϱ鵲ס
, еüͷỺ

ݷ۽˱䣬뿪ǰȥ, ֽҹĺҡʱ˵Ǿ仰ظһ飬ҵܾ˰

ƺܹ˴ʧһ㣬ֵһ䣺ȻҺܲ˵ǡҲܾ˰



գէ֮ʱĺҡ⻺ʶһ˲Żҹ֮¡
ǻںݷۺȲ

ͿһݷḶ́ôſž˯ˣ
ݷ۲ÿ𣿻費ˣ

ĺҡԼüġ
۹۰ɣ˯ͦá

֮ĺҡȥ°ڵ޴⽣תţԺпʼÿһе

ĺҡոһյԺ黨
ټеħƺ𽥹ƽˣֻһղŻս֮Ű
ֻҪ֮ʱȥսתһתС

ֻǣɽλ߶ڵջӳ޾һǰΪ棬ѯ֮£Ҳû֪λǰݡ
ģҲûἰҪѰλǰˡ

λǰأ뱻˴ţصݡ
ǰ

Ҳ̲ס²ţλǰǺεΪһĴħ£סΪħ
˲²λǰΪڴԲǴ۷Ϊ

ֻ֤Ҿڵ˲֪һѰʿܹʹóġ
ңƼǣλǰûǽƾһ⣬޾

վһƳ˲һޣɴ˻عϸ֮ʱƾŻһ֮ڱչ֮ʱӲͻ˴˳ڣڡ

ʿ˾ҪٽĿɾͲֻ츳Ŭ
ǽףҪԵ

˴Ӵ˳ڽ״ڣǻԵҲԴһ֮
Ϣһɴʿ֮д̵ס

ûգ˾ȻΪףԼΪԼڴϯλǰȥһۡ

ǿ벻̡
˴ϯһգʮλʿѵҫ˸һ١

Դ֮Ҳ̲ס׷׳š
ڵģѻǡ
ģҲҲ

ʲô˼أ
ֻͣͲǰΪɶɶѡ

ڣ΢塣
Ҷһأ⳯
չأؾͽ˰ŵ׵һ㣬һԶĸôѶ

һôѶҶΪǽڣɽгʲôţ˱չ֮
һѶһͷһѣҶѣɺãڱչţ֪ΪǷ֮ԼһԼɺã

ҶһѶȥһѶ
һʮѶչȫԼܵġ
Ǽ³أͱ˲ɣ޸ʱ𣿻Ⱥϼһúսˣ

ֱЩѶȻֱһȥ



ĽʲôԼ֪ر֮

ҶЩͷԣƬ̣һѶ
ѵѶҶϸ磬˵ǽڻλǰϸ㲻ҵڵĵ׶͸ɾˣ¶ϸСϵ˵һ˵ģ

ֵʱҶصϢѶ
ǽǲǻλǰ
δˣ

ҶۼһӰվǰȿڵұչڼ䣬ǲǷʲô˲õĴ£

Ƽݼһδۼ󾪵ô£ֳȥܣˣ

ʶһǵ࣬ҶĻ۽һ飬ȥˣڣҴܣ

ô£Ҷʵ

ôأһҪ˵һ˵𡭡
üͷһҪƳȴҶϻ

Ҷ֪Ćӣڵص˵
ðɡһ̯Ҷչ⼸ڼص˵˵


Ÿһ˵꣬ѯһйڽڴǰ֮£㱻Ҷһƣ⡣


ȥһƣ£˵

ҶſںһʶѸϯС
̧ȥĿ洫һһ£ȻͣϵʮһĺҡڵǸ׺ϣþδܻ

̫Ϸ塣
ĺҡ⣬̫Ϸ塣

ԭ
ԭСʦĻڡ

䣬ֻĺҡһǣȴûмСʦ档
ЩһûҵСʦ档

ˣΪԼΪ洫ʱһڽˣֻԼһˡ

ⶼǵá
һգĺҡɽ֮ǰҵ֪СʦòԱ֮ʱѰҡ
ɵÿһī֮ʱ޷ͣ췣֮Σ
ʵϡ̫Ϸ塱֣һһѳͣɢˡ

Ҷ
ʱפеĴ߲ҶĵһȴҶʵɵó¡

ҶȻת͵ҾǱչسˣһû顣

ȻҶ˺üգûĺҡ
ʲôأ
һСʦѣֻܼȥ

ΪˣҶصغԭֵصĴ߻ʱ䣬мš
ӱС˵ǰΪ˽ĺҡصҲжãŶ׵ĺҡġ

ʱУҶڰĺҡˡ
ĺҡҶ֪ʱһ˲𣿿ԴѶҵİ

֮ǴѶġ
ǰ籸սÿһλ洫ӴѶ֪ͨġ

Ҷԣȴ֣ҡҡͷҡСѣ㲻ҵ飬һСʦ档
Ͽҵ̬Դ¡

ĺҡⲢûţ̾ݷ۴ӦǿڵҵȥһСʦ档
ҶͷԿԣȻ

뿪ǰĺҡһ£֮ǰҲйǣ󡭡ôˣ

Ҷԣɫ΢ĺҡ⣬㶼֪ˣ
ĺҡ̹ȻСʦңǶħˡ

ðΣҶſڵǣ츳Ҳһɡ䣬ȷλ֮ˡ

һˣҵСʦܡ֮ӣǣСչֳ˾ѵĽ츳ͬڵĸһ㣬Եʱ̬ķ

ڽ֮У츳ͬڵʦʦ㶼СʦԽ
Сʦܣֻʮʱ䣬ͳΪһĵһˣ

ǣԸ߰Ըǵ貵֮ӡʦҲ̲ˣǿ彻ȥѰСʦ档

ʱȥҼɽķߵģӶһ·ķѰСʦ棬ȴ֪ǵİȥСʦ档

ĺҡɳǺأ

Ѿûʲôܹսˣͳȥ˻򡣡

ĺҡԣȴһ
ҶλСʦܾȻôͣ

Ƕ֪ڻоʲôٻصɽ֮ʱѾħ

һħġǵһǣɽʲôء
ȻԶ

Ҷ뵽ܾǰħСʦʧȥǣɱʮ޹ӡ
ʱǴս֮ǧ꣬ذٷϾˡľһ£ǳΪһƬ֮ء

ַСʦܣѹɱ󣬻ϷǶǻɽǾͲôڡ

Ƕʱɽһɿɲȴ֪ķ糱ɱһӵʵĺӡ
ҾǷһ㣬һӵ֮˶ǲɿƵģջħΣɽ硣

ڽں͵ڵ֮£ֿɲķ糱ʱͣЪ
ЩȻϷŹӵ֮ˡ
ʦѪСʦܵɱʮ֮е޹׼ųƽϢ¡

Ǻ޹Ϊʦ̲֮ܽСͽδر֮֮ǽ֮

ǲáҲΪ֮£ں֮Щӵ֮ȥ

Ѿˣһ糱ģȴǴ˺ǧʱɽжδоž޵ĺ󱲳֡

ɽбͰٷϾˣټһ粨˥ܡ
ʱɽҲɲϹʱ֮ʢ

Һûмıᵽһ¡ĺҡɵ

˭أҶһ˫ĻڲһУҷ󣬲Żع֮ʱķһ𣬽һм󶼸վˡ

ʱܹĨƽһС
οȥˣ֮µʣ¼ء

֮ɽг֣ÿ˿ҪҵǸ֮ʱͻиָ鷢

ҡСѣǳȴСʦ֮⣬뽣ڵ洫ӡ

Сʦ֮£ҶԾɼ¡
ҲɹãͬЩ˷һ㣬ûǱ⡣

ڵʱ˽ϷΪǡ
ߣնħˡ

Ϊʲôңĺҡ
ҶȴͻȻʵСʦôһˣ
һǿĴǰĺҡ

ģˣǡǻʲôأ

ĺҡԣ˳˼֮С
֮ʶعʵ

ҵݷ֮ʱĺҡƼݷվڿտĴ֮ϡ
Ĺ⻪£ݷ֮ʱһϮѩȾһɫҫۡ

Сʦ档
ĺҡ߹ȥ

ݷתĺҡ⣬ʵôôͻˣ
ÿһգΪħϮ磬ĺҡҪдõġ

Сʦ棬Ҫ㣬ѯ
ĺҡ⻺ҽһ¡






72.  ʮ   ߣֻ


˵Ǹ, ĺҡ̧ݷۡ
ٰѩ׳ͬһϮѩ°, ͬعƷůһɫ

áݷӦ
ĺҡһ˲, ŷӦգ, ɵǡСʦ棬ھȥǵ˵

ͽհɡ

ҶĹ㳡оȴš
ʱĺҡһ˵γʵ, ΢, ȴ̲ס, ¾˰㡣

ĺҡת, 
ҶΪһŶ˲عƼվĺҡǵӰת֮ʱ, Ժ֮йСʦЩ˲Խ

ԼڽϣѯԼڽ֮, ܷﵽСʦǰĸ߶ȡ
˴ǳЦǾ̫

Ϊڽ֮, һϮ򵥰, ȴûо̫ӵ, Դ, ֻҪ, пܡ

ҶסŲ, ֿ첽ǰ, ߹ȥСʦ棬Ҷ, ǽһ
Ҽǵ㡣ݷעҶԺ֮ѰЩ䣬ǵǸꡣ

ҶԣԽæͷǵģСʦ棬һֱǵáһҳΪ洫ӵʱСʦ»صڣΪһ洫Խڽ񡣡

Ҷ֮ǰĺҡѾÿλãվһԡ
СʦҶĽ̸ĺҡ΢⣬עԼع׹ббڵϵӰӡ

һ½洫ڽʱǵʱ䳤һͷֿʱĽ⡣
ֻ˵һ⣬СʦңңʱͷԼһԽʱ䣬ǰȻȻͣס
ᣬǶݷһ˵ġ

⴫ʿħսı֮ĺҡˣ̧ڽ̸ݷҶ
βŸն˶ݷ۱ת˹ҶҲ˳ݷ۵Ŀһͬ

ĺҡգۣСʦ棬ûʲôµĻҾȳȥæ
˵գָָ⡣

к֮ĺҡųųȥ
սϣħǰµʵϮȥ


ĺҡ⽣Ȼӳһ
տЩ˲

þȵĵӼæл
ĺҡ䴽

һһħЪԵϮ
ĺҡս֮ϣͬһЩħɱֻصϢ

ʱѾӽĺ֮ʱϦԾţ𽥽ȥ
ĺҡһԣƼϦԳǽߴʼƣĹ㳡ȥ

Ҷصһ䣬ͬݷ۽̸
ĺҡ⻺ߵǴǰţСʦ棬

һĹ⻪ӰͶϣݷۿҶɫˣͰ˵ɣҲ⡣

Ѿ뿪ںܾˣǵģҲЩӵġݷ۵͵ͳģѾˡ
ҶסƼݷҲ֮վ

ݷߵǰֽŴ򿪣Ƽعվǰĺҡ⣬˫͸֮УһƬγ
ĺҡգۣСʦ棬Ҫȥ𣿡
šݷӦ

ҶվſڣĿݷĺҡ˵Ӱʧ֮С
ǽ֮ϣһĨϦʧߴһƲ両ֳԼ
»͸ء

ѩԭ֮ϣĺҡʶ̧Զݷۡ
⻪֮£Ƽݷһ˪ѩһȥɫͬҹɫ٣Ũīĺڡ

ֵһ˲ݷ̧˫֮зһ
ħ
ͬ˿̺ڰ׽ʵҹǻ֮ʱ

ĺҡһƼݷ״̬֮Ȼת䡣
ϴżµᣬ뼫µķ

ǰҹݷ۶ǵȵ֮󣬲ġ

ĺҡվԭǰһƽСʦ档

š
ݷӦĺҡ
ȥƽȦ뻳Уٵһ˲ȴָֻ⣬ĺҡⴹķ˿ָϡ

»ˮ׹֮У˷ӵӰͶ֮ϡ
Ȼ󣬽ʼ֯һ

ԶԶȥ»µˣ޼ӵš

֮ĺҡգۣݷ۵͵Ͷͷ
ݷ۵˵ôôأҪôһЩҪôһЩôÿǸɺϵʱϡ

ݷۻſƲָ⴦˿Ҫûסôأ
һѾָĺҡ⣬ʵղûŵ㣿

ĺҡⴹעŵӰӣ´ҡҡͷûС
ֽ͵ΪҶСʦʲôҪ̸ŵЩʱġ

ݷƫƫĿ⣬עŵϵӰӣУĲһһȡ

ĺҡԣ߹Ƽݷ۰ڷŲߵĶһڵСʦ棬ƶؾ֮տ쵽ˣʱҾҪȥһʱˡ

ݷ̧ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡȥָָϵĲߣСʦ棬Һȵ裬ҹҲһ裬𣿡

ԭҲ뿪𣿡ݷ۵͵ͳ
͸żί֮⡣

ݷüһ䣬заɫȾͲ¶ˣҵȷ뿪
ĺҡӹݷеĲߣݷĲһһš

һֱߡкܶ˶ã㣬ǰˣҲزˡ

ΪԼҲΪ׼һµû֮ǰÿҹɫ֮ʣֽǸԼϣԷֹҾ֮󣬵ҡ

Ǹ͸㣬Զˡ
ݷ۵˵ţĿᴹĺҡĶϣһ٣εŪˣӦȷŶԡ

ĺҡȻѹҾеԾ

һòոˡ
ݷ΢ŴС㶼ҿǺܻħһҲ

ߣֻһ˶áݷǿ˼Ǻ顣

ĺҡָ⴦ӿһĨ֮ȡһ豭ֺá
ԼõݸݷۣһСʦ棬㳢ҵһҪζúȣһɺϡ

Ǳ豻ݹݷ˼ȥӹǱ裬һڣ㿪ڵܺúȡ
ллСʦĿޡ

һ֮ĺҡŻݷ۸ղ˵ĻݷۣǸܾµ
ݷָһ̧ռеϡ

Ͽط·֦Ʋӣ·˿˿Ƶİ⻪
ĺҡⴹһۣǿ޵⸱ܺÿ

ллޡݷʶ
ĿǸ֮ϣûüϸ֮ʱƼĺҡһˣԼһۡ

ǡһֻ˪ѩ֮ϡ
Сʦ棬뽫һֻҲ

ݷԣĽԼһֻֻ˹ȥ
ĺҡʰһֻݷ䡣

һ֮ĺҡŵˣСʦԸˡ

ݷûϵĺҡľٶ˺һôܹ
ңһΣͻһεġʱһԽԽġ

֮Ǹ⿪
ݷ۵ҿҵӰ飬Ȼᰡ½º⡢ԶˣһҲá

ĺҡʵﲻã
Ǳᣬʹˡ

һΣĺҡû뵽ݷ۵شˡ
ݷ۵ʹίüۡ
ħӵµķ񣬿ͬʱȴҲµĹִ봿⣬еִ޷Ŵ

ĺҡû뵽ݷƼȻǣִȻЩ˱ᡣ
˼Ƭ̣ĺҡ⿪ڵСʦԶĶõˣûһǱ˱ȵϵġ

ݷۻûãɾڼ֮ĸ˵ĳִ֣ǾǱᡣ

Ҳںĺҡ̹Ȼ
Ƽݷ۳Ŀ⣬ǿģҲں

һ˳ȥҪǹˡ
ᱻߵġ

뿪֮󣬶ҡ
ֻ֪֪ҪһпգȥǴؿռ䡣

ҲпվҲܵʱ䡣ݷֻҪżҾͺá

ҹĻ֮£Բ±Ʋס˹⻪
ݷ۵峯һԵȥ
ĺҡæȥסݷۣСطƽ

һīɢ»㣬Ư

ĺҡתϻû֮С
ݷѾ˳˯֮УҲٰ̫ҡѣ⸱ջشռȥ

ҪϢİ⸱ߣ¸ǲС
ռһҪĶ˭ֵᷢġ

֮ĺҡˡ
ݷۿʲôʲô
Сʦʲô˼أƼΪԼˣί

վǸڷϣתȥص俪ʼ

գշ֮£ŹӰãһīڷȥīɫָ˪ѩһ
ݷ۽һз¡

ݷ۽Ƴڷϵ΢¡
ûϣȴִӴռ䱻˳






73.  ʮ   䡭ˡ


ƼǸó֮ʱ, ݷƽ޲̬ʧء
֮ƽʹü, ĬȻǸջشռ, ߳

ѵ£ݷԽһС, ŲͣפԺⲻԶ

ĺҡ󣬽⽣, ߳Ժ, 黨ǰ
ָ⴦ӳһĨտ, ֳȷ, ÿһ֧黨֮ϡ

ĺҡһ߽ź黨һ˼ƶؾʱֵ

ڡ·ԭ֮, Ľѩѩǽ½洫ӣȻȥƶؾ֮С
һĽѩⲢδΪ洫, Ȼû˽ڸĽƶؾ

ҪôѩҴһĽѩ⡣
Ҫô, Ľѩȥ, ͬɽͬʿһʣʮԽƶؾ

ʮ֮һ, Ľѩ⽫ɽ֮ͬ۷塢ʿһ
˵ʵ, 治֪ĽѩҪôܴô˵ɱΧ

뵽Ǹ, òĳֻԵɺ֮, ֱӵһԽƶؾĽѩɣ

˼Ƭ, ĺҡ⽫黨ؽ֮ջ֮ʱʲô, תȥ㿴ݷСű

Сʦ档
ĺҡƼݷһϮѩ³תӭȥȥ
׹仺ȥ¶һѩϸ˪ѩһ㡣

ݷ۴ĿԺȻʱƼǸڷŵùؾص
ԽǹأԽ

ðκݷָ֣ǽ䡣
˲䣬ſ֡

ĺҡ״㿪ڵСʦ棬һοô죬ǲҲָúܺˣ
šݷӦ˾䣬ֽ͵ƶؾ֮ʱָܻˡ

ݷἰ֮£մл֮󡭡
ĺҡ̧⣬ݷۡ
˫עһƬγӳӳ⾰䣬ҲӳΡ

һĺҡЩʲô͵Сʦմл֮ɣǴл֮󣬾˵˻Ȼ˱裬ûˡ

ݷƬ̣ŵҽʱϰڷһ
ĺҡԣգۣصǸСʦ˵һܺÿǾó˿档

Сʦջȥ˰ɡĺҡƫƫĿ⣬͵

˿档
»ݷ۴ƣǱֹס
һӭĺҡγĿ⣬ԭ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣뿪һݷҶ֮£˴ߣ־òס

ݷĺҡ⣬Ʋĺҡ뷨͵Ҷͬ˵һ֮ѯһĸóԼҵݡ
Ҹδ

ĺҡԣʵСʦ뷨ʲô
ǰ˵𣬴ǰΪֵĴڡݷҾǸɱﵡ



ڣ΢塣
Ҷлع֮󣬽ŷ֮Ǻ΢壬΢ڵкһ

ҶСʦĴڸ֪ŷ֮˲Ҫ
СʦϲǲȥҲҪñȥ

ҵĹԹϡ̲ס̾һҶ㾹ȻȴôãŸǣ˼

֪Сʦڣ˵ʲôҲǧĳȥߵһû׼СʦƼ˳ϿҵķݶϣΪء
㲻洫ӣǸҲð

ҶԣƳǵڿһЩλ֮ϣûٵĻ֪Щܵľˡ

ڽһλһգԭͬΪֵ˯ͷʧǴ
ҴҸϵԪ㳡ʱ˵λ䣬Ҷļδ䶼ûϵϡ

Ϊֹÿʿ֮۵ϣһ˯ͷ뽣֮λʧ֮۵¶ܻᱻóһᡣ

ҶĴȤֻǽһαϣ߶߶㻹ȡЦأ

ЩϼһѯʣҲ֮ǡҶ͵ŷ֮סһ㡣
ƽﲻǶͦܵǶҴһˣǵ⣿

̷䵭һһȻϲԶһʮһأΣ˾ͷˡ
һһǽ۸ǣʮһ۸ޡ

ҶԣºЦ⻹򵥣һƾСʦһͽ׵ĸܣǽ£һһţǰȥݷá

һŴܣԭȱȱһ˾ֱ壬뿴Ҷ
ҶƬ̣һվѡǵѣڰɡ

ڴ֮ǰļ£ЩʿǴܣҶһأҲʱһһطûȥˡ
Ͼ˴һ⣬ҲûбʲôȤˡ

ڳϢһɴʿ֮䴫ڽϵ֮ϲֵּԼʱ򣬾Ц
һȺޣһޡ
һܹһʮʮԽһȺ˸ɷ
ֱǡֲ˹

һܶԴ˰ԹڵĵӶӰ죬ƶؾ֮УڽһȺֻ֪ܵĽޱ֮
ȻǺ󻰡



ѩԭѩ֮С
һգĺҡ⽫黨꣬ժһ֧黨֮󣬽ÿճ

ٹãƶؾ
գĺҡ͸̳ˡ

ĺҡԶĽŲתȥһСʦ档
ݷվŲ̧ĺҡ⣬Ҫˣ㡣

ĺҡԣ䴽Ц£ֵСʦȵһȡ
˵գתԺз䣬ʰһ

߳ԺʱĺҡƼݷվں黨ǰ΢Щ󻺻Ĺֳ

ݷȥӺ黨вժЩ黨һ֮У黨Բժܱ֮Եʱղࡣ
㽫Щ黨һϣЩ黨֮ʱúʡ

˵գݷ۽ееĺҡ⡣
ĺҡⴹǷУֽӹ󣬳ллСʦ档
ݷջ֣߰ɡ

ĺҡص˰벽ݷ࣬ȴݷҲصطŻ˽Ų
ݷ۾ϸգ΢΢򴽣ӿЩ

һ߹Сš
£˵ӰͶббУС

ѩ֮ĺҡݷ˷ӳѩڡ
ѩڼ콣Դ˷ֳ࣬˲ѩԭ֮Уֻ£һ𣬾ػѩ

ĺҡ̤ʵѩأתݷۣСʦ桭Ҫˣ
ݷעǰֻعͷĺҡ⣬ҵ

á
ĺҡӦǰȥ
߳Զ̲֮סͣ½Ųͷȥ

ѩԭ֮У˵ӰԾվԭżŷѩ䣬ȴݷַ
ĺҡ״ɵСʦ棬һѽ

á
ðΣݷ۲ŵڻӦһ㡣
ʱҲƲĺҡӰˣѩ֮С

ĺҡѰż֮е·ߣ˳ǰ߹ܵǰƼɵ塣

Ǵܵģ·һգ֮䣬ֳˡ
Ǽûα㳤˲٣üīãüĿڣֻǶ˼ɬ֮ζ

Ƽѩԭĺҡ⣬Ƭ̣ųҡ㡣
ĺҡһҡ㡱üͷźۼһ䴽Ц壬һֱ

ĺҡ߹ȥƼ󱳵һľ
͵⼸£һֱûٻعС򡣡

ɱֱûյɱֵֵϢȻ̽
ǴʱٻȥȻȥ

ĺҡӦһƼ彫ʯſһ֮ͬܵС
ܵƳͶ⻪ܵյô

ҽҪ뿪һʱ䣬ȥĵطͬһ뿪ҿԻһ·̡ĺҡʵ

ԣһ˫΢˲ʶ֮⣬ȴһ˲ȥ

ȥأ
ҵⱱѩԭ޴ȥ
˿̻δ̤֮;ĺҡߣҲֻһûõ׸ѣĺҡͽ鷳

꣬⣬ˣһⱱѩԭдһʱ䡣
ĺҡͷҲٶ˵ʲôֻá

ʱߵܵһߡ
ʯ֮ĿĺҡӰʧѩԭ߾ĬȻתٶûʯܵУһ۷֮ܵС

ѩԭݣһľżŷѩ£մȾͷϡ
岢䣬ʱѩԭνļɹշΨһһôˡ

⽫Ӱóġ
ȡľѰԼԺ֮ѾĻȻ

ɽ֮ʱǴѾֳ˱
ϦѩأѩȾһɫ֮⣬ͽů

ѩ紵屧ţ̧ȥƼѩԭ֮ˡ
һϮѩ£˪ѩһ

ŲԶһΪϦȾϾɫȴ
ӨӨѩһĹ⻪覵Ĺ⻪

߹ĺҡ⣬ƼÿĹ⻪
ɫĹ⻪ȴֻڸճӤϼ
Ӥ⳾֮ǴմȾֺ쳾׵ģǵĳ쳾֮ʹʼȾ˸ָɫ

ܶеĹ⻪ȴֻĺҡտ⻪ÿ
ڵڶƼ覵Ĺ⻪

ݷߵǰע껳ŵľʵѧ

һ˲ǰ֮ˣǲ㡭
ţԺһѾģļ𽥿ʼա

뱱ѩԭ֮Уʱһμ䡣
ʶģ֮ʱֻǵһϮ򵥰£׹е
ϴѩһϢ䣬һƯɨա

ꡭǲǼ㣬׹ѩԭ֮У㽫Ҿ˳ֲС
ǰȥһּ羴Ŀš

ǡݷ뼫ɹ⣬һĻԵ
̲סʵϹɽ𣿡

䡭ˡ

ڵʱУϹɽˡ
屧Ž⣬ĬȻ

ҲһĴǰ
һĨѩƮȻ䣬۽֮ϡ
˲۽ޣĺҡն˵֮ԣɳҡ⡭Сʦ棿

ֱʱǰ֮⡣
ѧ
Ȼѧ


ʿ

룬ѧ૵
һĨ⻪ǰ
̧ȥƼһĴڸһ⣬覵ɹ⡣

ѧȥڡ
ݷ껳еĽҸᡣ

޾ѩԭ֮ϣһĨϦʧ
ҹɫٴ˵ء

ȥĨ⻪Ĵ
̧ͷ֮ʱѾת뿪

Ƽԭ覵İ׹Ũīһĺɫ
ħ

żŷѩ֮УΪû
屼ȥԶһЩֵֹĻ

;ȻҪСһЩ






74.  ʮ   ʵУҲǿɡ


ľ, һǳ֮Уʱҹɫ٣¸ա
, Ѿǵ˸ɫ, ǳյ͸һҹ֮ǡ

ʱȥšĽѩܿ˵Ŀ, Ƕ洫ӣֵƶؾ, ֮ټǻȥ, ǿȥ, صҡ

ѩʦ, ɵҺλʦ, ֻʣһⶫľˡһüβմȾɫһı졣
һһ֮䣬Ǵŷϡ

ԶһϮѩ, òݣ, Ҳһ㡣
Ľѩ, Ľʦ, 㡭

λʦֲȰ, ǳġĽѩ
̧¥Ľֵ, ƻдů, ӳҹĻǳ, 財

һ꣬ӽ𵤳ڽڣǼĽ
ɵÿÿ뵽һڽĺҡĿ, ȴּ䲻
ĽûгΪ洫ӡ

㣬磬ʦԶʦ֣Ҷǽ洫ӡ
Ψֻǡ
ڿ˴ϴʧ˿ƻþĻᣬʱѾˡ

ҪƶϹؾڽ֮ڣҲֻ洫Ӳне

ʱսʱ˵ڿ˴ڼ䣬˵Ļ
ǴʧһγΪ洫ӵĻᣬܶԵ

ĴܶԵˡ
ĽѩŴ⾰£Ժ֮лǰڿջһʿ̸֮

˵˸֮еĺĵӵнƶؾĻ⣬ɽлʮԽƶؾĻᡣ
ʮᣬҪͬɽл񼰻µʿһġ

˼ˣĽѩָ߬⡣
ܹᵽʮ֮еһ

һ磬Զƶؾڲ֮òʼ̷
ĽѩĿ뿪뿪˿ջ

й㳡֮УֵصڴŵǼҪμƶؾʮʿϢ
ĽѩǰȥʵҿԱμ𣿡

ֵص̧ͷƼһϮ۰׳ȹСɵ÷ŻͷȻԡ

˵գһľƣ͵һĨע뵽ľ֮Уʱ֮ʱľƻָ㵽Ŀĵء

Ľѩԣֽľƽӹָ⴦ӿֳһĨûľ֮С
ľƷһĨ⻪ٶȹӡ

ڸŵϹ涨֮£ֻ񼰻Ϊʿƶؾ֮н
ֵصӼ״ڵϽƶؾΪ

Ľѩľƣлת뿪
ߵ;֮ʱͷ䴫һЦеСѣҪҪϵΪʦϵҿֱӸһƶؾ

Ľѩסһ̧䡣
߲Ӱ֮䣬һǲɫ½ǴֿڵλᣬɾûŶ

ĽѩⲻȴȻǲŵġ
˸֮ӵнƶؾĻ֮⣬ʣµʮֻͬʿһˡ
ﻹб֣

һϮ೤۵ӰƮĽѩ岽֮վ
ţһͷ׵ͷһ̴ľס۽ǴЦƶ͸żִ֮⡣

СѾΣ
ƭ˵ġĽѩ϶ٴһ
⼸µѾ֪һ֪֪治֪ģЩ࿴ʮִʿʵĻ֮ˡ

ϵôƭ˰
ĽѩԣǰԼˮ˳

ƼСеĳԺ֮вɵֻ֮ǰȺ޴ϵڵĳ
ڣ۵Ҫء
϶˺öˣҶ
һϲĺӣпҶͷģͺ

СǽޣƳʵ
ò׼ôһʺ޵ľѺӣѵҪ

ĽѩԼеĳǡ
ԣÿϧҡҡͷСѣѧʲôţҵ޵õһ;

ڣ
Ľѩ˿еһڡ𵱳˴Ƚ֮Ҷ̸ʱ˵
ҶҲ˵ʺѧģǳΪһޡ

ǣֻгΪޣгһղܱ
ĽѩҲΪޣֻѧ

СǶҵƫƲ

ֻгΪһޣҲܱ𡣡Ľѩ
뱨һ뽣ڣΪľܹΪһޣгһܹѩޡ

ɽУǿʢڸɽеһţʿĿеʥء
˶Ϊһޡ
˵뽣ţڽڣȴɻЩ

ÿһνյӣҪȥ֮Ҳдʿǰͼ뽣ڡ
ȥɽУ˽ڣһʢ

ȻȰһȰԵСѣСüĿűľġ
˵ļҳҲ޷档

ð֮󣬽ƳҲǿС㣬ֻ㽫ıˣ޵ƾһѶҡ
֣ݳһѶ

ĽѩһѶֱӾܾԼԲı⡣
ڤڤ֮зеڲͣţӹѶ

ʹ֮£ĽѩȥǵѶ˹
ĽѩⷴӦ֮ʱһǲɫ½Ѿʧ۽֮С

һߣƲȺ֮УĴ۲ţûʲô޵ĺӣԼصȥġ
ڲ罣ڵ󿩣СѶֻΪޣǵûйڴܷǴӮޡ

ֻСѵǰȺ֮Ѱ˺þãȴȺ֮Уûдʵӡ

ʱĳһ̣۽Ƴһ½ǣ˳˹ȥƼò֮ʱʱԭ
ݼȴǵһγ֮ɫ

Ⱥ½ǱܿûȺ֮С
ƷӦ֮ʱȥ׷
׷⣬ȴȻʧȥ˵ټ

ʲô
ϳǰֵֹߣʵ

Ȼת˳׵ˣһ棿𣿡
һ˹ȥץϳɵһۡ

û뵽Լӵڳһ⣬Ȼ֮ϲ
һǴǰλʾѵСѡ
ǡ
û뵽Լܹ֮꣬ټԽ̵Լϳ档

ϳ棿㻹ǵСưƳ
߶߶˵꣬Ҷ˵Ϊħڻ֮СҲţûۼʬûиܵ𻯺Ϣۼ

ϳ棬ּ꣬㡣
ֿЦ˵úܡ

ϳɴǰͷסЦһѱһʿĮʵҿ𣿡

ϳ桭
ȻסղǾ仰ѸٷӦٴκϳС档

һĴܣԸⱻˡ
νǡСϡ



ĺҡԱıСͨ󣬻صڣֻʱ䣬Żصפ⡣

һ·ţҪƶؾйء
ڽڣ

ƶؾڿǶĻǱ򣬸ʿԻ
ƶؾ֮ǰɽ򶫵дķ͡
פǰפϢ

ĺҡһУһ۱Ƽʿ֮УԽ޾Ӷˡ
ճУѾвŵס˿ջ

ϣ˷
ĺҡ߱߿תһֽ֮ʱһȵǰȻһչ

ĺҡԱһˣſһϮµᰣüԭʦְҪҼʱס⽣ʦִ˿еİѾҵ⽣նˡ

󡭡ʦֻǱôͻȻ֣Ͼۡĺҡ⳶Ц

ջаȣЦ⿴ĺҡ⣬ʵĺʦã˴ƶؾ֮Уʦÿѡ
ûеĻǿˣҲûѡѡ֪ĺʦÿԸӣһͬ̽ƶؾ

ʦʢѾͬˣʦһӡ
ĺʦȻԼתһ룬ʵ

ûĺҡش᰽аһãֵ԰ڿ˴Ƚ֮Ȼܹż棬ôԼˣ

⻹ǽˮ¥̨ȵ°
֮š

ĥƬ̧̣ĺҡ⣬β΢΢һ顣
ȴֲлòԴĹޣͬһ֪жȴ׽֮µĸо

Ǵ繰ĵɫƾ٣ĺʦã֪𣿡

ʵУҲǿԵġ






75.  ʮ   ʦ֣ǲ


ĺҡû뵽᰻˵޵Ļ, ûǺס
һĳʦ֣¡㻹ȥʷʦ֡

һȻ, ɫͱ˱, ðβſڵǸʲôӣֲǸӡ
ĺҡ⹰ֱɺ, ¶ɣǵҪ󵽵ġ

, ü΢, ¶źʧ֮ɫ, ̫ѹˡ

ֵʱ, ԳĻ֮·һƬ⻪Ʋ͸, ȾѤĿɫʡ
ƼߴĨ죬ɫٱ䣬ĵֻˡ
ɿĺʦá, Ҿȥˡ

˵գûĺҡ⿪, һ, 㻯һ糹, ʧĺҡǰ
ĺҡüͷһ, ջĿ, ûȺ֮С

ڽפſ, ĺҡƼһϮµķȻ, īɫѩ۽һĨɫ, ұȴСһʶЩ޾ס

Ȼڵ
ĺҡ߹ȥڵʦ֣þò

Ȼתĺҡ⣬Ϊڽڣ
ѹأȹվͽĺҡ͵

ڳɽһǼգѾԴӽ𵤺ڽˡ
ֻ뵽ʱŴӽ𵤳ڽûãѹΪһֱú黨ͽһֱѹ

ٹգСʦĺ黨֮ҲͲʱý׽ˡ

Ȼĺҡ˵Ȼ뵽˴ǰ̽ĺҡʱˣʶĺҡֳЩ֮⡣
Ųһ٣öǷͣ½Ųֶʵˣ

ĺҡ̯̯֣ɽȥȥıٹգ˾ܺˣʱס
ؼһʱȻѿڶ
һбŭ֮⣬ԼҲû˵ڵĹлмֲ

ĺҡͷҶһѭѭġ
һԹ֢Ŀ࣬һڽףζˡ

ԶȺɽơ
Ԫ㳡ϣͬǿʵһģһıƣͬڴ˵ػ߰㡣

ӻһʵͣפ½ŲۿʵϴǰʦʦսӰ¼

Ȼߵ;ЩʲôִӴռȡһݸĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ״ȥȻݸģһڹһĶСϸܶ·

ǣĺҡⲻ
ȻǴĺҡУ͵˭һƶؾʱضᱻɢƶؾ֮У޷ʹѶġ

ǿϵġ

ĺҡԣĵǴҡ£ȴûκ죬ɵ̧ȥ

Ȼһ˫γĺʱĬȻһ٣ﲻ֪Ϊηļ¶
ֻǴĺҡǴķĨ״ļ¶ǿѹȥҡȻǲκηӦġ

һ
Ȼ˵ţٶ̧֣ļһһģƵС

Ȼ΢򢣬ʾԿ
ĺҡԣָ΢׹Ǵҡ¡

һö춯Լͬ
һ죬ĺҡҡ֮С
һڷȻĴǴϡ

΢⣬ͬҹ¹ԣ

׻˵úãʽƵʲô£ᱻ˸õԢ⡣

硭ǰһǶԶɿ
ȻʹһǶǲʲô⺬壬һȷʲô⺬嶼ûС
Լôһ㲻Ծ˼

⴮
ĺҡĬһ˲Ȼʵʦ֣ǲʲô
رġ

ĺҡĻû˵꣬ȻȴͲδ껰е˼ɱЩʲô߰Ķ

һһ˼ңòײŴһѶ桭ҳôȲôۡƶؾϵϵ

ƽϣκηӦ
ǧ֮Զֻע֮ʱŻзӦһָ⻪
಻һʱһҡһҲ֮͡

ĺҡ;ʶȷܺõĶ
Ȼƶؾ֮ÿһעһԷ㣬֪𣿡

ĺҡ⽫պãӦס

ƶؾôҪķһʱգԼӵʿڽƶؾ֮ǰѰƵġؾ໥ϵķ

ʱ򱦸Ƴ˴Ƶķһϼܣͱڶһա
Ҳ򱦸󱳺󶫼ҵƷΣ͵˵׬ǮֶΣǿ϶һġ

Ǵĺҡ󣬷ȻҴȥ塣

еӼȻѾͬĺҡ⽻̸Ҵȥ֮󣬲Ŵŵǰͬĺҡ˵

ĺʦãǴһڶǵ㣬㵱źҶʦǳԽսĶԼǴҶѹҶʦӮˡ
Ҽǵõʱиصʦһѹ˺öʯǶˣȴλʦ׬˰

ĺҡ֮ԣһǰμӿ˴ȵЩĸ
֪Ǹصʦ˭
л䡣

л䵱Ǹմӱѩԭħ¥ƼһƵѹĶľ֡

лִôĿеҡɽйأ
ǣڶӿСһǧ𡱵ʦ֡

ʱһá
ĵӣѾܾûˡ

һ䣬еľ֮⣬ڱѩԭУԴһ㣬·ӡ

ĺҡվʵϣʵһۼָᴥ
֪֮ǰվʵϵˣôһء

֮ĺҡת뿪Ԫ㳡صסСԺ֮С
ƿСԺŵһ˲һĨӨ׹âԺŴġ

ĨӨ׹âԺŴѾܾˣһ
һĽѩİ

ʱ뿪ڣǰѩԭӣĽѩͨʲôȴΪûѶ˸ա

֮ĽѩҲɽȥˡ

ĺҡƾǵУʱʧȥһʧ

ƶؾĿڱӣΪ˽Ӵڸڵĵææ¡

ǰƶؾ֮ǰһҹĺҡݷ۸ĺ黨
̽ĺҡʼ𵤺ڡ

ҹˮ»ԺС
ӿۼû΢ķڣĺҡһӿ֮䡣

ķתЩʼ
ʱĳһ˲ңң֮дһϸ죬ƹһԶȥ

𵤺
ڼӿţĺҡϢһϣͬһСϪԽһޣʼߴմʪ

ĺҡֽ״̬鸡ѹȥʹøʵ
Ϣֻص˽𵤺ھ硣

ĺҡķת죬
۴ҹɫ洫óֳһʶû֮С

ⳡһ䣬ĺҡٴǴؿռ֮С
ͬһʱĺҡƼǰһӰһӣվǰ

ĺҡ̧ȥ䴽Сʦ棬ˡ

ݷī£Ũҹɫ£һī㣬Ư΢Щī»·˿˿Ƶɫ
עĺҡ⣬򴽵ҵܾˡ

ĺҡԣ뱱ѩԭһģһļܹƫƫĿ⣬ѩڼѩСʦ棬һ㲻ҽȥһ𣿡

ǰüΣ⸽ȥ
һΣӦò˰ɣ
ĺҡⲻȷ˵

ݷ۱ȥһ𣿡
ðĺҡüЦ

ѩǰ콣ⱻһεֿ
ĺҡ̧ȥžӨ͸ѩڼѩ

ǰѩɽбѩԭѩûκ
ΨһĲͬžڣѩԭ֮еѩ궼йģǰѩһƬžİֻżѩ⣬΢ˡ
·һй⻪ղƵġ

ݷվѩſڣĿ䵽棬ٳٲϴ򿪵š
ðΣųʵûʲôģ᲻᲻ϲ

ô᣿ô᲻ϲأ
ĺҡ
һйСʦ棬ϲ

ĺҡ⻺ָ֣Ÿһǵţűݷ۵֮»򿪡

ĺҡ״תݷۣʵҿԽȥ𣿡
ݷ

˲֮У˼ҵ˼Ȼĺϡ
ݷ۴ĺҡһյǰһܲܽ
ѾܾˣҲԹȥûй⣬޷

ĺҡԣȥָ⴦ȻһĨտ⻪
Ĩտ⻪ӳݷһ˫֮Уǳ㡣
貶

ĺҡ⽫ָ⴦Ĩ⻪ڵо֮ϡ
ݡһǰһյƱ΢΢ҡҷĹ⻪

ĺҡգۣСʦ棬ҿԵư
˵գŤͷȥյָӳտ⻪еĵյ

貵Ĺ⻪𣬽ӳţյѾõĺڰɢ

ݷ貵Ĺ⻪
ħħǲйģһƬڰ
ǰ˺Ϊ˵һյ̶еĵյʹô֮

ĺҡĻ΢΢򴽵Сʦ棬ھͲºˡ
գۣѩôǲ罫ﶼɣ˹⣬Ųš

˵գĺҡ⿴ݷۣʵСʦ棬ô
ðΣݷ۲á

ԭԶйѩһһյ

ѩΪֺĺҡעһյ΢΢ҡҷŹ⻪ĵյڵҲ֪Щյܹá
ݷעĺҡ⣬ܾúܾõġ

Ǻܺð



һ磬ĺҡ
ʰ󣬱Ժš

ڶȥƶؾӡ
һӴյ۾ͣԪ㳡⡣

ʮλ洫Ԫ㳡ϵȴš
ⲻֹнޣҲŵĺĵӣڡڡȴССźĵӶѾڽջڴˡ

ĺҡԪ㳡ʱδѰϤӰѾҶεԶ𣬲ӽ

ҶһϮ°׷£ϵιյ£òޣ΢׹°ͣʮʮĽδСʡ

ĺҡ⣬Ҹ㣬ҾһʱıչأѾӽ𵤳ֱӽ׵˽ڡҵĸоٹգҾܳΪ

ҶĸߵԽȺ˹ȴڼĺҡĵһۺ仰Ȼֹ

㣿㣡㶼𵤺ˣҶȵ
ƺǲ̫Լǰʵػر˺ü۾һȻضĺҡ⡣

ô׵ô죿Ѿ𵤺ˣҶ̲סòջǽ𵤺ڣͱԪӤʿ˰ɣ

ĺҡЦûôš
Ҷŷŵضĺҡ⿴ӽ𵤳ڵڣ˼գ˵˼ʱ䣿

ҶȻָĺҡǰ˻Σգʱ䣬ʹӽ𵤳ڽ׵˽ڡ

Ҷ߷߲ƽ˵ţǾòģţһαչٳҵΪԻᳬġ
ĺҡԣӦŬ

Ҷܵ˴ĺҡվһĿѰһȦƼȺ֮ͦվԶ˹ȥ

ԶʦѾӦƶؾ֮Уӡ
ʲôĽѩΣһġ
ˮ¥̨ȵ£

ֵʱԶҶתƼҶĺҡ⴦Ŀ˳һϮīɫȹϡ

׹շܽޡò޶ˣīɫȹѩ׼ţǳеҫ۶Ŀ

ԶȥԺ֮ȴȻֳһϸȴ־ǿѵӰ
Ľʦá
ĺʦá

˷ǲͬģȴ͸һˣƼһ˵Ӱ

Զ֮ҶƼԶһ˲Ļ
ֿԶ

Զ͸һˣһˡ
Ҷͣ½Ųͷһ۲Զĺҡ⣬ĬȻ

һ˲䣬ֿ쿪ʼֲˡ
Զʦڿ˭أ
ڿĺҡ⣿ڡǸûʸμһƶؾ֮еĽѩ⣿

ĺҡͶĺĿ⣬ȴûôᡣ
ʱĳһ˲ĳһԼ֮µĶ̧ͷתȥ
ħ֮Լ

Ԫ㳡棬ԵڵһȺ洫ӡ
ڲԶĽվһۡŰߵˡ

Ŀңң˹






76.  ʮ   ԭҡðҾ͡


˴Ű, ĵڵӷ㣬һվڲԶ

ĺҡתȥʱȻ, ϳݡ
ϳɡ

ϳվԪ㳡һ, Χһֶ벻㡣
, תĿ⣬ת, վʵµˡ

һ˲, ϳʲôҲû, ʶŲ, ߵǸߡ
һ֮ʶ
֮ĵһ˾
ȥʶ

ϳ뵽֮ǰһѱһǸʿ, Ǹʿǵڵϳɣǵڵĵ, һֽڴԻ֮ˡ
ƻǰĺܶ鶼߸

Ļ㲻ѾҵԼĹأ
ܲߵǸǰ, ȥ¸߸

ϳһ, һŲ, Ԫ㳡Ϸ㴫һ졣
, ˵֮ʱ

ֵʱ, ϳƼǸ߳˱, ĽŲĬȻ˻

ĺҡ⻹˼ϳΪλڴ˴֮ʱ, ǰһӰӹǰվ
һȻǰ

е궼üһ㣬һûһ, һֳ鳤࣬οʼ޳ͦΣɴ

ĺҡ΢΢ףʦܡ
һƼĺҡһ仰ǣѾˣأ
һ˵꣬ĺҡΪɵѾ𵤺ˣ

ŶԣղŽġĺҡӦ
һԣ˲ٹһʱ䣬ҿ϶׷Ϊʱٴһܡ

ڡС껹ŵڿ˴һ
ĺҡԣĬȻ˵

Ȼԡ

һĺҡ⣬˵Щʲô֮ʱԪ㳡ϵĵѾ졣

˴νڴ洫ӵģҲǸһ븵һʦ
죬ԼĻﴫԪ㳡֮ϡ
λӼʱۡ

ĺҡ״Ըһʱ䵽ˣ۰ɡ
һԭǻ˵ЩʲôģֻգתȥͷɥĻصһߡ

һòûôй仯ģɫ״ɰ㣬һ˫۾˵ʱ΢΢Ļȣÿ
һĺҡһ֮ʱûϳǸǺɽжĴߡ

֮ϼΪǽɽиڸžۼĵӶװϣҲü
ǰͬڴ˴ε˽ƽ̸

Ƴǽڴǰһ˺ƺƵ֮УǺأһϼһﶼſˡ

ЦӭֵϽϵ׳ǰˣô˼ˣ

⻹ȫǽλҶͬҽһֺϹͷͻԾͳߡ
˵ţִսЩʵǽǲλڻţһλǰ

ҶĶ΢ЦϣҾһӵģЩҲôۻûߣۣȥΣ

ԣԾɶպòϸ޵ľӣȴһ޶ſǰλЩ˳

˸Ťͷȥ
ƼվۼаϵϳϡϳС棬Цݱֶ

ǽλŵĴǰΣǵϳСڵġ
ȻϳС״̬̫ԾֻҪϳСȥһƶؾ֮󣬽״̬һͲس˰

⣬ǵڵĵҲǼõ޵Ӱ


һߣĺҡ֮۵ֵصӽõķƵݸ
ǿ鷿ƣ˳ȥվڷſ֮ʱŷֵصڷ䷿ʱǰ洫ġ

ĺҡ˳ָ۵㣬˳һ߹ȥ˳ҵԼķ䡣
֣ԷƽŴ򿪣һ΢춯

һǴЩϲ֮ԭҡðҾ˵ţһۡ

ᰣ˵˵ǰԸ
ĺҡһϤĲϵ磬֪밤ˡ

ĺҡתȥᰵķб档
˿̣һϮ¾бűߣаչƾַϡ

ᰵķб棬桢᰸ڵķ䡭ǷȻķ䣿
Ȼָ˾䡰ҡáʱĺҡƼ淿͵һ߳һϮµķȻ

Ȼ̧߳վڶĺҡ⣬佫ĿⶢûͷһбűߵᰣڵᰣҪܣֱ˵

᰽аһգѧ˪Ŀǣβٱ죬ʦֺαŭֻҡãÿģ鲻Խ㺰

û뵽ʦ־ȻôԵҺһҡã𣿡

ĺҡڷŵ˪ܲ⸱򿪷ţ᰺᰸磬㡭ܲһЩ

ǶҪһƶؾƽЩദǷʦˡĺʦñϾǸСǱΪˡ
˪˵˵ţֲԾ

ǰǰڽĺҡĮȻתŹϣ׺쳾ķš
쳾̫ˣʺС

İֻҪĺҡһţһգ۵ʱǰϷǵűضж

ĺҡͻһδȵġҡáĸ֡
ᰱضǰ
ţȻͻðͷ

˴ս޳
ŶһλԴ̲˪һԣںȰ˵ȻҪƽദʵΪս޳ɿ˺ôһѻ

һķסģǽڵ洫ӣڽ洫ǰʮĵӡ
ǰһǰĴɴܣҲֻиɵ۵ķݶ

ʱҹɫ٣һŴ뿪
һ볤ȣƼһŵԴź̽ת򣬶ųһš

ǣһ
оԶģ˸һɻתͷڽ͵Сʦ֣ʵڿһɴܡŶǣǿʦֺʦѺýĵá

֪Ȼʲôӵĸһӵ˵ǣȻǲŵġ

ʦҪŷ֮ʱΪ飬òҪ÷Ȼᰴͬһ㡣
бҪÿ԰ۡ
һ۰ŸȻһ۰Ÿᰡ

ʦȴĳĶһ㲻֮Ҫ򣬽ܽʦꡣ

һ̫ϳˣҪһգΪʲô˺ͻһһҲǲ

һ߹ȥƼȾͷֲݵıС¡ᰣԼüͷ׼Ȱ˵˪
ĬȻ˵ȷЩ̫

󣬸һĿƼڽĺҡ⣬뵽ЩʲôҡʦãЩ£ҳȥһ𣿡

һԭڽֵķȻתĿ⣬Լͬضס߹ĸһ

һ
͸Ӳˡ






77.  ʮ   ֵĶ֣ѡ


ԶϷĬһ䡰Ŷ
, ǰλʦֶҪһɴ
˭˭Ӯʱÿһľˡ

ĺҡһĻתģĸһ, գ, 䴽õģʦ֡
˵, Խ޳أŸһȥ

ȻԾɽŸһ, һȻò̫ס
ֱĺҡߵ, ʦ֣߰ɣ

á
һӦ, ĪջĿ⡣

ӭ˵Ŀ, һ·߳ȣߵۼװʱ, һſĺҡ⣬ڵһ˵ǰ֮ʱ, ȣлл㡣

ĺҡͬһŵĵ, ̸ʲôʱ, һ, ҲĽʱá
ǻɡ

һ, ȴԾɳ, һӦøл㡣
ĺҡʦּȻҪлĻ, ҾͲˡ
ϣֵ֮ʱ, ʦֲҪ˶˼ɣȫԸǶĸлˡ

ǰڽϣһһս֮Լ
ԪӤ֮ʱ, һԼʱ

ҹĻ֮£¸߹ң׹ɫ⻪
ʻƲ֮䣬ǰУ˺󷽡

һԣȴһ̧ĺҡ⡣
һŵͷӦãһġ

ĺҡ´ȥһƯƣϾܹɽеͬԪӤʿ֣ǼΪѵ֮¡
ǵͬԪӤʿδʮ֮ڣɽĴߡ

ңһԪӤΪϽ洫ӵԼݼӢǰʮֻΪеһԪӤʿĳƺŶѡ
洫񣬻ݼӢ˵ĶǵΪ磬ս
һ˵սսΣǷʸ洫ݼӢ

ǣѵá
һ˵ţĿĺҡе⽣ϡ
ѾܵԼļ¶֮һս

ѾǰһԼú󣬳ҡʦãһ֮ʱ·һڵӣ㴫һҪ㡣

ۼװϣһѾƼλѵĵڵӣĺҡ⣬ʾˡ

ĺҡԣ˳ŸһĿȥ
֮ԼԼĨԼ֮ĸӦʱĺҡͲµϳ֮ϣ϶Ҫ

лʦ֡ĺҡ

һĺҡڵӣջĿ⣬ߵװһ࣬ĺҡڵӸŲԶľ롣

ƬӺ󣬸һƼһϮµѩ¥ݴ
ͬʱıֿʼ¶
ڤڤֵ֮жԽֿ

λʦܵĽǽԼΪһеĳսٴζٳƲ֪ƣһ㡣
ԼĽȴ֮ȫȻ෴

佣֮ԵĽⲢֻһɺϡ
ζ֮ضһս

֮⡭
һ۽Ƴۼװλڵӽ̸ĺҡ⡣

û´ҡʦǣǱ⽣Դ򽣳֮ʣƽѹס˻ãڶս֮ʱȫȴλʦĽͻˡ

ѩһļװ壬Ƽһʦ֣һ磬ʦȥһ
һӦ֪ˡ

ѩ󽫻صԼ֮ʱȴվڼװһ˽̸ˣɫ΢



һ࣬ĺҡ߹ȥ
ϳѾתһǣҵĶҺҵˡ

ĺҡԣȴϳϴŵߣɿڵҵˣ
֮еĺҪ׺ܶడ

ϳɵѰҵĹȥܶطڶҵˡ
˵ǸнƵʿ

ĺҡ֪ǵĴϡ
ԭɻΪλδֵĵڴϻδڵȥƶؾء

Ϊϳɡ

ƸңϳɣǵһԱŵ˻Իͣһս֮һ֮λħ֡

ϳɼظżǰƶ˵Ļ˵̧֮ԭΪῴǰ֮˵Цݡ
ǣʲôûпǰ˲ûΪҵ˹ģû˶Ц

ǸСϣһЦǸ꣬ͬǸ꽻̸ȴתͷһۡ
ʱ롭ֻҪǲͻָˣͻعͷһ

ĺҡǰϳǰϳǰ˵Щ飬Ҳ֪Ҫǰٸһ

Ϊʲô
ϳԣǲ⡣
Ȼ֪ԼǰЩ飬ΪʲôҪȥѰԼĹ
ֱӸͺ

ϳǰ㻹ǵҵ˵Ļ𣿡ĺҡ⿪ʵ
ϳɿĺҡ⣬˵ҪȥѰԼʶʱ֮ʱƾԼıģٶȳΪǸΪġĻµԼ

ĺҡ⿪ڵҪȥѰңȥѰҡ

ȥѰԼʶʱ֮ʱƾԼıģٶȳΪǸΪġĻµԼ

ϳԾɲ⣬ĺҡ⣬ʲô𣿡

е𣬴žǡһ˶ħҪħȥִ
һֵ˼ǣȥ׷ѰһеĹ
һħִһΪˡԼĺ̽

ĺҡ⾲ĽĿϳϡ
ϳȻѾҵԼţڽƴϵİ£عš
ģϳڸ롣

ȴϳǰΪ֮ԸػŰ
ϳǰڣţǿ·һ۵ʯͷȴûʲô̫
֮Ҳκοϧ֮

ϳĺҡ⣬Ŀ⣬һ̣ͻȻԼֺЩʲôһ㡣
ǰҪʲô
ǵģҪʲôԼҪЩʲô
Ҫʲôأ

ϳɵ˵ȥƶؾ֮󣬾ͻҵܶණġ
ĺҡ⿴ϳɵļУϳǰѾҵԼˣкܶģż

ûϳɸߡ
ֻͬһŰֽϳɴߣʲôأ
˽ϳǰһιֵ˽ֻԴһԵڵһ¼

ƾһʲôҲļ¼ȥϳɽ̳ɼ¼дǸ

ϳɳţĺҡ⣬ڿԸң𣿡
Ҫģһֶѡ

ĺҡ⡣ĺҡڵҽĺҡ⣬ĺĺɫĺϵĺҡ⡭ϵһǡ

ҡ⣬ϵһǡ
ϳɴμС

ĺҡ˵գ̧һϳɣȻתȥ
ܿ죬Ƽվڼװ¥ݲԶĸһ

һվλãۼװǰԶǸǡôľ롣
Ȳ˾͵ֿԼʱע⵽װϵκǳκ£ҲüʱԮ֮֡

ҡʦá
һŲ͵ǰҽģҲһȥ

ĺҡ߹ȥ۽Ƴһ½ûһ¥תǴɫ΢˲
Ҹղʦˡһ˵һ쿼˴ϣԵڶĳɼܸ㣿

ʦܡ
ĺҡĬȻĥţѩûаա·ԭ̫壬ǰ壬븵һΪͬʦֵܡ

ԡĺҡ⿪ڵʱڿ˴ϣƵһԣҡ
Ľ𣿡һʵ

һ޸ġĳ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ҵһʵĴѩĽ⡣

һҡʦãǣλʦܵĽȴ֮ͣջһս
۵һս

ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬һ䴽ЦʦңҲԼ𣿡

һĽѩĽˡ
ģһжԽʶ

ǳֽȻͬ໥ƵĽ⣬ֽĶԿضҲһĻ𣬻һĵΪֵġ

һڵһ;ضӰġ
ལĳһսˣӴ˾һ겻Ҳ޷еĳˡ
п˶սܵħ

ܹ֮ˣǼΪǿߡ

Ҫ˵һսѩǶ֣һѩǶ֡
׻˵úãֵĶ֣ѡ

һ̣һۣȴ䴽Цһ¡

ת¥תǴĺҡ⻹û߽ȣһҪҹĻĽڳ



ĺҡϤĲҽɵó˳۽ǣ첽ߵȽڴǰ

½ºⱧԼİ񽣣Ȼѹʽڴ
ȻûأͰѱ񽣵½ºſˡ

ĺҡƼˣֻ²һ䣺ⳤҲǻô֣
߹ȥ½º⣬½ѣ

½ºⱧڻ΢΢һƺΪĺҡĵӨӨ̹â
ĺѣڼˡ½ºⱧ񽣣ĬȻվ

ڡѺý𣿡
ĺҡ̧̧⣬ӭŷȻĿ⣬Υʵ

λĵ˵Ҫʶʶһ·ʦֵĽʦΪǽڵĴʦ֣Ȼ岻ݴǣͬλ½Ѻýһ
᰻Ŀĺҡ⣬͵

ĺҡ⳶Ѻýͦ˼İ

½ºⱧ񽣣ȻԼӭ۵ӣĺѣԭŵĵһ£㡣
ʵе񳤽ĺҡ⡣

û뵽ʱ·ϵЩ飬ʱѾһˡһֱۣʦסֱڣ㡣
½ºⲻ˵ţֱʱŸо󣬲ɵñԼе񽣡

û뵽ĺѲڡ

Ȼλ½˵нϵҪ̣ҾʹΪָһ

ĺҡԣʱԼæ
ڵæµ






78.  ʮ   ̼𣿡


ħ, Ԩ֮ء
ħ֮У갵գ
лվڴǰ, ָǷ֮, ۿۿ

˿ħлɢЩ, 볯Ƿӿȴٽ֮ʱ, һεϸ⡣

ле
һʱ, ֮ԭѻʯѾٴλ֮, Ĵ
, нֻʣһʯ顣

л俴, ָɵбԵҪСȥеһ֧
ָ⼴Ҫ֦ǰһ˲Ȼ˻

֮Ψһһʯ⵹ӳлһ˫֮, ϸǹӳһƬƯĺ캣УѤá
лᴹ, е, 룺һʯ, Ҫҡ˵ʱ, ʹš

΢βı, , ԽƯ, ŶǵĹޡ

лڽ֮ʱȴȻ뵽һ¡
ȥƶؾǴؾ֮, ĻҪõʯأ

˼ˣлֽд򿪣Ȼ֮һʯѤš
ÿһ껨֮УҡΪ¼ķ羰

ꡭ
ʱ֮һʯɢΪһγȫȻŵҲӦպ˻ꡣ

лᴹüȥÿĴ΢΢š
֮Ž

פڴƼһϮīµл߳΢峤ħǱѾ峤ˡ
лһƳĵĳԸȾͶһ

ԣҲٶ˵Щʲô
ǶǳлߵģȻ֪л顣

峤ţԸλҡħĻ֮⣬λħĻ
ʱ򰡣峤ħĻء

л̧ۼԨ֮صİĻԺ֮вԾıǰһȥɽʱտϴĻ

֣ñסΣȥ

վڻʳſڣػתţʱʱзȥ
һлһҲϣֱ˼¡

Լʱ诲ſлһϮ³ڳ־ͷ
诹۲죬лߵò͸ƽǸĵһģһ̲סüͷ

ȵл߽ˣֻƵüлñ¹ѩ׵°ͣɵл䣬ĥĥʲôأҵϰˡ

лЦһֽñ΢΢ߣ¶˫ÿĳ诣ħǵȲˣ߰صҵģΪͣҲŽһȥɽܵ˸ãߵһЩ

ԣ̲סһ۰ףл䣬ħѿƶؾܵԿ׽㣬ҲŲݵʱ
˵£课͸Щ

Ҳ֪ħʲôħȨϽΧȨҽǰСħҲˣȻֱӷл佫ҡȨϲ׽л䡣

Ĳ֪ʳ֮ڣ课˲йлĴԡ
˵лħеһԱˣλ쳬λֵħˡ

诺޺޶л䣬ֻħǶС¶˳

л̧ȥ΢´ĵħϾҪȥƶؾˣɱǶԶħǸ¶˳ʱƶؾҿûô˵Ƥӵ¾

ԣ̧ȥԼһħǣĴӿֳһĨħ󣬵ҲŲҪȣ

л״Ҳٶ˵
֣ĴӿֳһĨİĹ⻪
ħģƶؾǴܵһԿס

л䴹ĴԿףȴ˳˼֮С
ôħտƶؾǴܵԿףΪδǰǴؾ
СԿôģ

л䣬ĥĥʲôأ
զզл˻
عָ⴦ӿֳһĨħעĴĨİ֮С

ڻʳ֮УȻһѷ졣
ѷлע֮£ʱʵһȹ̵ͨ

ԼһѾȲˣһƶؾܵĿ㼱Ҵҵ˽ȥ

л״еԿպãñŻ֮ܵС

ҡˣˡ



ɽ磬
һ·Ʋ㣬Զع䣬͸Ʋ㣬ƲȾһѤɫʡ
۶մȾϺÿůع⡣

֮ϣڶӽ󣬽˼װϣԶ
Լһʱ֮ۻ½һΪƽԭϡ

ͣȺ󣬸ڸɵĵԼҳϵĴ֮£֮
ؾԿɽڸִһ˿ڶԼŵ洫ӡ

ƶؾŻῪһΡ
һνƶؾ洫ӣǵһνƶؾҪඣһЩ

Ƕҽڵ콾Ҳƽ£֮ʲôԹǸ֮ʲô˽ڽƶؾ֮ǰͨͨ
˵⻰ʱؿΪ׵ķȻۡ

Ҫ֪ƶؾɱҿǻ׷׵ġ
洫ӣڽͷѪȼĳ棬Ὣ֮ǰһ֮ڵӰȫ¼
ڣϨɡ

ǽΪڶ洫֮ʱһϡ
֮⣬ÿ洫Լҷ϶бĻֶεġ

߶߶ĶˣŤͷһߵ֮ؿȥųϣǱ߶û

ŤͷǺٵȵȣٵȵȣǻʮʿû𣿵ʮˣٿƶؾ

ĺҡ̧ȥڵڷѰһȦƼվϳɡ

λƴһ߶ţһ֣߱ȥʱߵϳߣżȺ洫ӡ

ǣһ
ڵ洫һƴϵĶһŽƴȥӰƶĿ⡣
󣬴ˢˢתһ

ߵϳɱȳΪվλǸˡ
ϳ˳Ĭ֮С

ڽƶؾĹأǵε洫Ӷܹƶ֮С
ڶҪڸƶؾ

ƴҲȴֻˡ
һǵڴʦ֣ġ
һ

ӽǽĿһϮϳ۵ϳϡ
ǵ֪ϳɻ˽ƴеһʱȻǲġ

ֱûĵȥϳɵ鷳ȴһдԺ֮ſڵϵλʦ֣˳Ĭ֮С

˭ȭͷ󣬾͸˭ġ
ûġ
Ժǲſʼλ֪úʦֻǸúʦܵʿʼ

ĺҡƶߣֱԴЩתȥ
ҶԽȺߵߡ

Ҷչһصĵʵգϣǲǻͦʵģ
Ҷ洫ŵʮûмǰʮȻʹվʾ׵ʢ档

ĺҡԣû
Щʲôأ

Ѻòһ·Ȼ֮޳Ȼ˪Ȱ̲֮£ͬһȥ˸ڵڵϳǰ͸һ˰ѩǶֵĹʶ

ۼװϴ˺һ֮󣬻صϣٶȻ˵޳֮Уһѧȴǽ洫ǰλʦָһС½º⡣

䣬һ衢ȴ⽣ͷѹ˻ȥС޳棬񽣻͵Ͱ˺þá

һΪ⽣ͷѹɴܣϸλʦʦĳٻ˳ϳ⣬޷԰ΣһĿ񻶡

ĺҡһƮƮϷɴ¼һ飬ֵ̯

ҶȴԽԽ̲סҲ̫˰ɣ֪ϣɶҲûзľ͹һ

ĺҡԣüζ룬ȻȥʱҿԸ㻻䡣

Ŷˣҷھ˪ҷǷȻҷб桭Ƕδᰡ

ô̼𣿡
ɶɶʡ͵ĵơ

ҶԽɫļ𽥵ġƽϢȥ
ֱҶƽ֣صĺҡ򣬳ĺҡ⣬ˡ

ĺҡ⳶˳¶΢Ц
Ҷ̧ȥƼԶȺӣּС㿴ڵڵǸûУ

ǸߵĵӡҶ΢̧°ͣʾ
ĺҡԣ˳ȥ

ڵһȺ֮У۵һλɫ֮ˣһȫݡ
ȴΪر

ĺҡⶢŵڵ˺һΪ׼ȷĴԺ֮ҳλӵر


λӣ֪ΪΣǸܵƵġ
ʿΪҪ֮ǿʿ֮
λӡ
֪ΪΣĺҡһȥĵĵԴ⻷һ㡣

ʲôĹ⻷أ
ҼʯʲôλӾƵĸо
Ҷϲʯһϲλʡ

ĺҡⶢ˺һƽջĿ⡣
ڡ·ԭУһȴĽѩ󣬸ԸΪ̳֮һ覵ĵķ׸Ľѩ⡣
κΣŮһԶġ
һŵעɳ

Ҷ͵ڵڶ洫ӵУΪߵˣ˵Ҳǻ񾳽磬ǲ֪С˺Ӷϣ˭Ӯˣ

ĺҡԣҶʵĸŵĵӣ
Ҷشڰ

ĺҡʵ˭Ӯ
⣬Ҷĺҡ˼΢°ͣ϶϶ǽڵķʦֻӮ

˻ڽ̸֮ʱһС֮ۡϣǴǰʮƶؾʿ
ͣڿ֮ʮߵʿ

ȴܹڸź֮лýƶؾĵ֮⣬ʣµʮɽл񼰻Ϊʿ֮в
ֻҪΪ񾳽磬ҶԲμӡ

ǣڸ֮ûᵽڲĲٵӣ㽫ĿͶΪʮɢϡ
ǻͬڶɢһʮ

Ҳ˵ʮߵʿҲпڳʶ֮ˡ

ֻǣɢʮ˶չأߡضһϺ󣬾Ϣã˷ֵŮȴ޴̽ߵµʵò

ĺҡ뵽Լǰ²⣬̧ȥŲԶʮ˵Ρ
ʮ֮УֻŮޡ
ĽѩӴ˴ӦŮ֮в

ĺҡ˼֮ʱҶҲ۲ʮ˵ΣС˵᲻ǸĽѩĵӣҾŮ֮Упܡ

ҶҲԶʦϲϵǸŮӾôͨһƶؾȥʲôʸԶʦϲϣ
Ҷ۵

ĺҡԣеһ׽ס
ʵҲ˳˼ά֮С
Ľѩ⣬һŮװʾˣһƶؾᡣ
ĽѩŮװأ

ʵҪϳĽѩһˣһָӼ򵥵ķ
˼ˣĺҡԲȥˣֱתȥһϮµѩ
Ȼ˳ѩȥĿ⣬ʮ֮վһλϵʿ

ȻĽѩŮװ

氮ѩƫִ氮Ⱥ֮һ۾ͱϳһĽѩ⡣
һϣϣ׽㡭Ҫ簡

ֵʱƴϼ˴ҪƶؾĵѾȫ룬㽫ԱؾԿ˳עԿ֮С

Ĩ⻺֮У⻪һʢ֮ǣһɹͨеĴš

ȳƶؾѿλӾؾ֮С
һڳڶӽһŰƶؾ֮ӳ

ʱʱĺҡһĿ⳯תȥƼǷȻ֮ĬȻǰǴȡ˳֮ϣһҡ
һ֮ʱԷȻǴҲһͬһ졣

ĺҡ⴩ؾ֮ź⻷һ䡣
ƶؾ֮еԶɽеӳ档
û⻷֮ʱ֮Զֳһ󲨶

˸͵ͬһƬ
ĺҡ˼ţȴȻս⽣

˸һ֣仰Ҳ˵ֱӻӳһ⣬֮ϯ
顣


ĺҡ̧⽣ǻӳһ⣬ǵײϵһ˲ӳ
ײڴ˵رŷ黪ּ俪

۽⴦Ƴһɫ½ǣĺҡ˳תȥ
ͬһʱ䴫˵ʱüͷһ⽣ȴٶնȥ
ȻǺԥºȻһ

һƶؾ˵ͳ֣˹ֺݾģǡ·ԭжѩ֮⣬ҲҲˡ

ѩʦٽǰŶĻˣ

üһ
㲻ʦ






79.  ʮ   СʦʲôûУ
˶ɡ


ѩ۽֮, ˭ȳ֮ˡ
飬ҲԲɡ


໥ײһ, ѹŷ֮ʱ, տ⻪⽣ӿ, ӳѩһ˫

ĺҡ⻺̧˿ͬһ޸ĳѩ, ˫Ȼйսȥ, , Ʋκ

ѩδΪԼֲͬһŵĵӶ仯, ˿̾ͬһ㣬˺յƽ޺, âԣ
ͬʱĺҡҲһ˲ѩ͸¶ɱ⡣

ͬһ֮ǰڸƵ, ѩĳ֡
ͬɱģͬˡ
ȴѾǵΪ뾳磡

ڽֵһ, ĺҡѾѩΪԪӤڡ
һ, ѩӽ𵤾ԪӤ, һ֪

ĺҡ״, ⽣ӳ֮ʱ, Ҳɵøп˵̡
һ, Ȼûڽ, ȴɴҶ˿е֪ѩĽ

Ϊ˴֮ǰѩ̫֮бϮˡһöѹƵĵҩ, ѹȥ󣬼μӿ˴ȡ

ڿ˴ȸһ֮УöҩҩЧȥѩٶȼأټһڶԾ֮иѹƣѩء

֮󣬽ڽϣѩԼڽ֮ϣʣȻ˳ϼˣѩڽֱӳ˺ü£ʱһʱֿʼ

Ϊֹѩδȥһ磬洫ϵλһλ

֮УвٵӶڲ²⣬ѩ᲻˶һ겻Ҳûеĳˡ

˭룬ڹȥһ˾ȻľͽˣֱӴӽ𵤾ԪӤ硣

Ѷ֪ĺҡڸ֮ʱĺҡеֹ
Ľѩôѩôܻδѩ󣬶һɽȥˣ
Ľѩɽ֮ʱžѩ״Ż˷Ĵ󵨵

տ֮ʱĺҡ⽫ˣ⽣ӳٶȴûͣ¡
һ˵ѩ֮һս
ԪӤΣ
ֲûͬԪӤڵʿȹ

񾳽Ȩҳȥ

ĺҡսе⽣ڽ֮ϣѩһϡ
տȻײϰ֮С
ѹ볼ѹ
ֽڴ˿̶ŷΪǿնΪһ

Ҳһ˲֮ٶȴһԼĲ
һ½Ử䣬ϳɴ֮ӳƼͬһսĺҡ⡣
һ̣ԥĳѩ֡

䣡


ͬһʱ䣬էֶ𣬽˵˲Ϊƽء
Զһӹѩ״ĨȥǴĨѪѸٵתһӡ
һϮ翣ͬӰ㣬ת˲ʧԶɽ֮С

ϳվԶƼ룬ʶ׷ȥɱתĺҡʱͣΡ

ĺҡĿѩȥӰʧߴĬȻջе⽣ȥ׷ǽƶؾģΪ˴ܶ

һѩȻѩ˿̵뷨һ
Ȼ޷ɱǾ͹ȥԥ
һ𣿹֪ƣֻ˵

ѩ󣬾һĳȰ
ԣѩȥܹȰǸˡ

߱
󣬲֪Ľѩܹƿסѩһ轣ѩ轣ܹϣƿĽѩˡ

ĺҡȻջĿ⣬⽣
ϳɴĺҡսֻ֣һĨѪǽ׵󻺻û֮С

ϳɳˡ
ĺҡԣ̧䣬¶ֱǵƵ˿ڣûʲô󰭡
ʱ䣬˿ھԶϡ

ĺҡ̧һָֻ֣⴦ӹһĨ⣬ʩ˵ྻ˿ںֹѪ

ϳɵĿֱϵǴ˿ڣȻ뵽ǰطʿ
ǻẰۣ۵졣

ǡ
ϳɻ̧Ƽĺҡݼƽٶȿʵо𣿡

ĺҡڽԼֱϵ˿ڴãϳɵĻ͵һܸܵ۵ġ

һ
Уֻһʹо΢
˿ֱϵ˿ڣϳҪȵ߳Զ֮󣬲ŷһ˿ڡ

أ⣬о̫ʹ
ĺҡһ߽ţһ߽

ȻкôҲл
һ׷ɱˣˣѪȴȻûһ·ϵѪõ׷
ǲŽвҡ

һħǶʱˣлġ
ĺҡ˼ˣ΢Ŵٶԡ

ϳԣ˼ǣҲܲʹǲǡҸһĴڣ
ǲǸЩ̫һ

ĺҡ̧һãȻ벻ϳɣǡ

ҲҪȥѰҵʶЩҵˣҾܱɸһĴ𣿡
ϳૣȴþûĺҡ̲ס̧⿴ȥ

֮ĺҡЩȷǰɡ
Ҳ֪һʲô֪δı仯ϳɶԣǺ£ǻ£

˴˿̣ûѩĴţĺҡ⿪ʼܵĻ
˴Զɽ죬Զɽг࣬˿ʵҶƬϣˮ¶һĴڡ

ĺҡ̧Զߵһ̨
ԶԶȥǷ̨ƻƣ䣬Ѥϼʣ̨ܱߡ
ĻϴǷ̨⸽Ϊҫ۵Ĵڡ

̨֮£һ߾ɽ塣
ҪȥǷ̨֮ϣֻܴɽʸϡ

ѾвٵӿǷ̨׷׻磬ͷȥ
ֵʱĺҡԼǴСָ⴦ӳһĨעڡ
ӭ죬ӳһĨ⻪ָ

ĺҡ˳ָţָķǷ̨
Ҳ˵ȻǷ̨

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡתϳɣڵϳǰ
ΪʲôҪϳǰϳȻʵ

Ǹýʲôĺҡʵ
ϳԣƬ̣뵽ǰЩʿ˴֮ĳƺӦҵѡ

ĺҡ¿ڵϳɵѡ
ҿԽҡ𣿡ϳɳɵ

ϳɵ㡣
ĺҡָָԶǷ̨ϳɵѡҪȥǷ̨Ҫһǰȥ

ƶؾΪѰҸֻԵ
һлԵڵĸ̨ȻΪڶʿ֮ء

Ҳȥϳɵ

ǣƶؾ֮Уĺҡϳӳɹ

ǷĻ֮µ̨ƼɵҿʼǸȥ֮ʱ·Ϻķѵʱ䣬ա
֮УĺҡÿעڣԷҵȻҲȻҵ˴֮ķλá

˵գȻƺǲĺҡĿĵأҲʼǷ̨ȥ

ʱէ֣ĺҡ״̬֮ѹۣԶҹĻѻȼ΢Ļǡ

ĺҡ¶Ǵָ⴦ӹһĨȻʾʱķλá

ϳɲҪһԣĺҡһһ
Ŀ䵽ĺҡǴ֮ϣӹЩϸƬʹʵǲǻһںӵһǸ˽

ĺҡԣӹһ˿ȣʵô֪
ҿ⴮ʱԺ֮һЩ档ϳɵ

ҸǣҸδĶҼǸ˵ʱһڵһʱ佫⴮͸ǧ֮Ҳܸܵڵķ򡣡

ͽСͽкϻˡ

ȵҺɶƿ֮ҺɶһԺϻʹҼ̺ϲǸ̡

ҺȲҼ̵ƿˡҰѺϻҺɶһΪ׼ıɡ

ϳɣһҪƿǵһգƿһգȼգὫƬȾɺܺÿĻɫ̵һǼġķ

ĺҡĬϳɸԺ֮еĻ档

ҼЩУиϳɡϳɳɵЩҵļ𣿸˵Ǹ˭Һʲôϵ

ϳ˵˵ţȴҷ񶨵ǲǸˣһֻܺÿķˣŽͷ­Ƭնֻ˵ĵ̣ĵ

ֻǺҡֻ˵𱻺һĶʴˣβҷڵ棬ʧȥĻ

һ˭Ҫ˶ħҪеķ˶ʧȥǵħ

һȼħյ

˵ϳɽС

ĺҡ⾲ϳɣĬȻӴռȡһѩ˹ȥ
ϳʧһ㣬ȥĨĨԼմָһƬʪ

ʲô
ˡĺҡ

Ϊʲô᣿ϳɲ
Ϊλǰµᡣ

ֻǲĵѣ
ҵԼĹ֪ˡ

ɽУֻʣһֻˡ
ĺҡ⻹ǵԼǰСʦ˵֮ǰһȼ޾֮ϣǧδϨ

ԡе⴮ǷȻģ
˼Ƭ̣һ˲䣬ĺҡ⴮ĪЩˡ

ϳתԶĻ֮µǷ̨ҿǷ̨֮ʱԺ֮ҲֳһЩ

һȺˣʲôġ᣿ϳɲȷ
˵һȺ۵𣿡

Ѱ˼Ҿһˣǽоۻᡣ
ɴ֮ľۻᣬиΪ߶˵֣۵ᡣ

ƶ챾һϹʱؾյϹʱ˴λ۵ĵطĺҡ͵
ҵǲǾҵҵĹˣϳɳʵ

Ƿ̨֮ϣҵĹ
ĺҡ޷϶Ĵ𸴣ֻŲȷش

ʱɽʿѾϵɽ£ʼͼǰĸɽﵽ֮ϵ̨

ĺҡϳɸϵ֮ʱɽѾΧӣͷɥģǾɥԼ˼ʯƵġ

ĺҡܴ⳯ûƼԼˣѰһλͬǽڵĵӣλʦִ

ĺʦðЩǰˣʼų̂ҲûҵκοԽɽܵİ취Ҷˡ

ĺҡԣתķͼշУȴֲ̤һ㱻

ϳƼĺҡӰ֮еʶȥסʱĺҡȴԽӶƽ˵֮ϡ

ǲշСĺҡ૵
ǵЩѵֱ˺գֵ̨֮ϵ

ֻдʿӵֱܹ˺նߵ
Ҳ˵Щμ۵ʿٲҲǴ˾Ϊ


ĺҡ˼ˣɵøпĵ

˺յĻ
ϳԣ߹Сĺҡ˺յ

ĺҡתһϳɣȥ̨̽̽

˻һĺҡȻûаԼġ

Ҫϳ˺գҲȥ̨֮ϣֺαһƶؾ

ƶؾϹʱؾΪһϹʱڵˣСʦѵƶؾ֮Щʲô

Ҫ벻ͶĻ
ֱȥݷҪͺ
СʦʲôûУ
˶Ըء






80.  ڰʮ   ûмݷ۵ı


ƶؾ, ϱߡ
ɭУߴ֦Ӹط, ˵ڵܲ͸, ⶼղ

ɭһƬǰ
ǱıȻ, һϮÿմȾ࣬ʹ˶͸һĳζ

ת, ָ, ýྻʮ, ǾԼĹֳζ
һ, ûôǱ
ʱеһҲͷˡ

ȻƲĿ⣬һ, 㵽һȥȻǶڴʱᰱ֮
ָԼʩʮྻ̧һ, ƼȻĶһӾը, , ʲô˼ôԶʲô

Ȼɫ޹, һ̹Ȼʲô˼, ѵ֪𣿡
ˣ

Ǻǣȸ˾˭Ȼ, һҪֻ, ôڵ³

Ȼؾſڽ, һᰡ˪á
һƤ˹·һŮӣ᰾ѹƲסԼı, ȥһӡ
ˡ

Ҹ߹㣬ŮӳɾġȻ㵱ʱô˵ģ

˵ȻӸ̼
һ޿ģüۼ͸һһ˼

Ҫˡ
Ȼȥȴһקסۡ
ᰵУǸñֻӸˣһ

Ǻǣ֣
ȻʹקԼۣκץţϷ֡
˽ּ䡣

ᰳü΢֪ôæȥҪȥҡðɣ
ᰣȻ

ֻҪҵǸãԺͲҡõģ˾ġúʦþͺʦãô
᰾Լ˼Э

Ȼᰣ仰Ҳ
ðɺðɡٴЭԺֻרĹһúˡ

˭
᰹˹βһĽѩСá

ȻȻջԼǣʲô£
ᰵǲˡ

ҪһȥֻˣֻˣȻвҡ
ǺǣֿԣȻǵҲҲߡ

Уү



̨ع⣬ʣĻ֮£Ҫڶʿ߾ȫȥʵǣʵɽߴ̨ܹ֮ϡ

ĺҡ˵Ƿϳ˼Ƭ̺󣬲û˺գȥ̨֮ϡ

ϳɵһΪԼҪͼȥ̽ѰԼһιǴǰһĿȥѰҵ״̬
֪һιԼôһˡ

ĺҡ״Ҳδߴ٣˸¡
ǴóҡţΧȴδһ졣
Ȼû˴

ɽ£̽ǷʲôܵǴ֮Ĵڡ
ĺҡϳϢ֮ҲѰܵĴ󲿶С

ԼһʱɽҵһܵǴܵǰ۲죬С

ĺҡ⽫ʶ̽ܵɨȴȻüͷ
ϳע⵽ĺҡ飬ʵôˣ

ܾЩԾ
ĺҡɳ

ܵΧûκڻ֮ΪδǰЩʿգҵǰܵ
ǡܵͱˣֻ˹⽫ΪľʱЩʲôıЩʲô

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣òףȴ֪ǰ֮£γֽ
ǣӭϳɵĿ⣬ҡͷ£ֻǾЩ֣Ϊνյֵܵô졣

ϳԣĿĺҡᴹָ⡣
ָ֮ϣһĨտ

ڸղһ˲ĺҡ⽫µϳˡ
ϣԭֹ͵̸ġ

ʿĿԴϣһСľ˽̸ݵ
һ˵ʿ˽̸֮ʱƸϡ

ĺҡղһɻϺ˵ġ
ϳȻĺҡ˾Щ⣬ȴϵʵҲЩ֣ܵΧûʲôڵ֮Ϊǰȴûзܵ

վԭ̸̸ݱ;˴ˣȻЩ֣ȴǰ಻סԼǷ̨ĺ棬Ǵܵڡ

ʱ󣬾ĺҡϳûнǴ֮ܵˡ
һλʦּ״߳ʵĺʦãǷʲôԾ𣿡

ֻǾֵܵЩ֡
ĺҡ֮ʱ֮ܵ߳һˡ
һϮ£㣬߼һ֮硣
˳ӻλǶܵľЩɻܵ·ֵġ

ӻܵľ˵һ飬䲢δκ쳣֮
ĺҡ˵ɻǰӻģҲҺĽ͡

ĺҡ⾲ӻĽͣȻԭˣˡ
ӻԣЦЦһЩǶԵġ

ʦּѾˣǱЩȥɡһʱҵȾĵֻ
ԵֶɵãÿȴҲһһݻԵ

ĺҡתһϳɣӻһ֮ܵС
̤ܵխһͨУߵв֮ʱʼ𽥿
ܵ𣬽ܵҲƼܵʯ̵Ļ档

һĻĻɾ̵̳ĳ
˱У߳ʯȥ
ÿһĻ֮УϹʱһĻʷ

ɽжϹʱļ֮٣Ҫ˽ϹʱأֻܴӼϹؾ֮̽
ƶؾɽдļϹؾ֮һ

ܿ죬˱㷢һĻʯ̻ĳΪϤǡ
˼Ƭ̣ȻĻʯϣ̵ƶؾڷһ¡

ԣ뽫ĿͶĻʯ֮ϡ
Ϲʱܱÿһʱһ۵ᡣ
ʯ̻ģһ۵ĳ
˵۵ᣬĻʯ֮Уȴʲôԡ㳳ΪִִݵĻ档

ǰҪЧϹʱ۵ᣬصɽȫʿ
۵Ὺʼ֮ʱͱһʰ
г˼ۺģΪ¶ֵģҲоһ͸ɲһģС

֮һͼЧϹŴ۵ʢᣬһ־硣

Ļʯ֮УȴȫȻûŵҳ棬һʿ֮㣬ˮȺͱ

һ˸ء˿ڵ
һ̲סǶλǰʦ
ļʦ·һԴӷ𣿡

һʱ䣬˳Ĭ֮С
ϹʱһλƸ٣һԴĴǰ
Ļ̫ǲ

ǰһĻʯ̵˷·𼫾ʴһ۵̻쾡¡˵ʱֳ㡣

ĺҡ̧ȥȴʯһǴ޶˱ճλãһλϷһ
ǱϣȴĻʯ֮С

֪ΪΣûмݷ۵ıȴĪǸλþ͸Ϊġ

ĺҡ̲סȥ룬Ļʯ̱̼¼֮ʱⳡ۵ϣСʦȥ
Ϊʲô֮£Ϊʲôأ

ֵʱΪ׵ӻĻʯ¼ĳǲǾǷ̨֮飿

ܿ죬Ҳۼ֮˿ʯеĵص㣬̲סڵҲ˵Ƿ̨֮ϣпЩϹŴܵи봫У

һڳ˲ɵø˷

ĺҡƽתΪǸͷ˵ӻ
Խǽ͵Խһ

ѵӻʿ뽫̨֮ϵĴȫռΪУ
ˣΪλҪôҶ֪ܵĴأ

ĺҡⲻ⣬ԼԼĻͨ߸ϳɺ󣬲żȺǰ

ǾӻЩ⣿ϳĺҡĻɣʵ

ԽĽͣԽп⡣ĺҡ⴫˰ɣûȻõģ⣬ǰҲǼõġ

ϳɴҶġ

Ⱥǰӻܵȥ
ʱܵͷǰȻ

ܵ۴һĴͷ£̧ȥ㿴Ϊ嫵һĻ

ķΧڣʼֱϣʱɽ۴ȫͨ
ͷ֮ϣǷ̨ھϣɽۿڵӿ˵

һ󷨹졣˾ȳǲǽ󷨣Ƿ̨ͻ潵
˳ʵڳĵ֮Уûж󷨵ģԳһԣܲܽ⿪󷨡

Ĭ֮С
˴ƶؾ֮УҲ󷨸ĵӲһڴ˿̣Ȼûһ󷨸ĵ

ðΣӻƬ̣ڵʵԶһЩ󷨣ֻǲͨλһԡ
ӵѾһԡ

ĺҡԣʵĳӵѣ㶮úöడ󷨶漰
ӻԣֻƽöˣȻǶڸ涼Ҫ漰С

˵գӻ߳վڴǰ˼ãüͷɿ͵һҪڳ˺ƽ󷨡

λǲ⣬ɷҰţӻǫѷ
Ӧ͵Ȼԣڳ֮Уֻһ˲Żǲģ˭أ

ӻԣ⹰˹֣һλſʼ˵ռλ
Ǭλλλʿǰȥɡ

ĩˣӻĺҡλʿλѻȥһλá
ϳԣתĺҡ⣬õӦ󣬲Ǵ

ӻĺҡ⣬ĺѣվλϡ

ĺҡԣȥ˳ӵá
߹ȥվӻָǸ

ӻָһעԼ֮С
֮黪𣬿ʼճһһߣ໥֯

ĺҡһֱעӻվʱ顣
ʱ󷨳ɣӻӿֳѹƲסϲɫ
β¶˳

˼󷨳ɣʶջ֣ȴһ̷Լϵղˡ

ô£ôҵֱˣ
ܿ죬иʿ쳣֮

ӻ״Цⲻ䣬ҵõϹŴܵд֮Ȼܶˣֻϣڵֵܹʱ򡣡

Ĺ
Ȼ㣡㣬㾹˶ǣ
˵õĶʿҪ˴أ
Ρžߴһˡ

˻ǱηԼݺ͹һ飬Ÿĳڴˣĺҡ⻺

ûв´ӻʿŵӣһɢޡ
һһ˹ɢޡ

ŵӣƶؾģǸڸ֮츳ߵ洫ӣٲᳬꡣ

ӻɢޣԪӤ۷壬һ˰ꡣ
ƲɢޣɢԪӤʱǵΪձ鶼ڰֿͷˡ

ӻԣתĺҡ⣬ڵ㵹ǱҪһЩ
Ⱥŵӡ֮ӣԴ󣬻һҲ֪ն񡣡

һ֮еһΰɣڻȪ·ߵʱ򣬶һۣ

ĺҡԣ۽΢¡
˵ķ̨˵ЩЩһѾˡ






81.  ڰʮһ   ֮Ĵڣ


, 󷨶һˣѵûûκζ

ģӻڷЦ, ü֮͸Ŷһν֮ӵı벻м

ӻĺҡȥ
޷Ծ֮ʱ, ֽˡ
Ϊ˸ͣôʱ䡣Ҫнͺ˵, ƻ˼ƻı͹һ
ˡ

ĺҡǻȻһ, ˼ڰǰѾƶؾ, ܵʱֵġ

ӻ, ü, ı˰꣬ڵȵһա

Ǹɢ, ǰΪ𵤺ڣȴǴλԵɺ֮µһƶؾĻᡣ

ƶؾ֮УЩŵӵ, һһ֮УͼЩŵӽ, ǳΪѡ

Ϊ, ˶أ
ÿؾ֮̽ʱ, ǰһ, κҪ̽Σյ, һˡ

ɵأ
Щ߸ϡ߰Դŵֻǽȵ, һö֮󲢲ÿϧӡ

, λ߸ϡܾ׷콾һɹʹĹ
·ֻҪǸһ֣ͻǰҡβ㣬źЩ콾ĵر֮, õǲҪĶ

ɺ޵ǣΪǸ̽·վ֮ʱЩ߸ϵŵȴûһ
վ֮˻
Щ콾һһöӣҲҪЩ콾Կһ蹷ҧζ

ҼǵһϣɱĵһŵӣƺʲôڵСʦܡǸСʦܺõǵһγɣɵģ˵ʲôš

ӻЦҰһվȥ񻹼ǵ˫۾ǰ¶ţҼһ˫۾

ӻͣ½ŲתŴܿһۣĿ䵽վڶϣȻŶҶˣڳĵ֮лǱǸСŵĵӰ

Ҫɱ㣡ڵһ
ӻԣЦ㵹ֻϧڶ˰

һɱŵӣȫǵЩҵȻҺȥЩڵš

ӻתĺҡ⣬ݼЦˣֻǿϧһûɱں͵ڵŵӡڽգʵԸˡ

ǽڵĵһյͷѪĵڰɣûϵǼٵģҲǼٵģЩҲҵġӻĺҡ⣬ɱǣ˺öŵӰ

ԴӵһɱǸڱڵСʦ֮ϲĸо
ϲ˿Щ߸ϡʮŵӵŢ֮У֮šܵ˺ڱ֮ʵĿధ̬

뽫Щ콾ڽ£

ٽЩܵĴеõˣʱ˸

ĺҡƽؿӻ

ɢ֮ìܴڣѾһˡ
ǧ˶ǿųΪӣԻøõԴ
츳ŵӣЩ֮ѡš

ʣЩ޷ģֻܳΪһɢޡ
Դϳ˵ֱ¢ϣģȫЩ˶ѧĶûʲôԡ

ɢ֮Удߡ
Щڳ֮ȴֱΪ䳤ϣɢ޶С

ȥҷչԽԽãɢ޸ԴԪ޶࣬Ȼγŵɢ֮ľ档

ɽһչʾʵĲп顣
ʲôȫƽ֮¡

֪ں͵Ϊλŵŵ𣿡ĺҡʵ
ӻԣΪ˽õԴֻøЩ𣿡

ŵӲƣֻҪ壬ӵбΪŵӵʸ񡣡
ŴħܳˣԼħʴӲܰ뽣ڣΪڵŵӡ

ŵӶʮֻһŵʮ޷Ϊŵӣ˾ͻᱻڡ

ӻͣ½ŲȻЩ̫ĺҡ˵ⷬ˼һڡĸʱϵķŭҲƵĸ˳

Ǹ߸ϵĽڰһЩŵûôˣͻԥĽӻЦ

ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬ȴǳʵǣûһŻ޺ôȥһ˰ʮʱ䣬𣿡
ȥŬȥֲȥ׷ȥʱ䣬ȻΪǸվͬһϵ˸

ѵŬ𣿡ӻ
ĺҡҲ̲סЦ

Цʲô
ŬѵǷ˸ȥֺñˣָȥƱˡ֮ϣĺҡƽ

ں˵˵
ӻŭ첽߹ӿһĨĺҡϮȥ


һտϮӻһ¡

ûк˵˵߳ŭıֲ֤𣿡ĺҡ⻺ȥ⽣ס

ӻ״һѸٷӦһôܣôûס

ûбסûõ󷨶ûʲôӦ𣿡ڵĵӶӻ

һӻʶʲôתȥ㷢ԭ֯ɵ߲֪ںʱͣκζ
Ԥ֮е̨Ҳûг֡

ӻع⽣ĺҡ⣬㣡㣡
һβܵɺϣڶηִ˴󷨵⡣
ζǰˡ

ʱӻѾȫȻûһʼô콾Ūڹ֮˷뼤

ĺҡ⳷ȥ˵Ƿ֮ʱ˳Ļϸȥ˼һ¡
ֱӴĺҡѯɻ

һȫȻ֪׵İʿΪβȥһλ֪֪סԽڵĵأ

ĺҡصشλʦ֣æϡ
λڵʦգʿʶ̸Ȼ֪Щʿȫεġ

֡

ôã¶ĺβˣһβ̲ͣסڵǲ֪⸱αװ֮£һֻҶﰵ˵ļһ

浱Щŵٲ£ǳص𣿡
˳ӻƽ

ӻǰ˵һӺŵ֮£һó¶ҪȺ֮ġ

úúã
ӻųƽڶӣ̲סЦһϾԷ֮ɫ

ǱҵģǱҵģӻ
תסĺҡ⡣

סĺҡĬȻ
ðɣֱΪжˡ

Ǳҵġ
ӻ˵š
ôӵΧ֮£ҲӲȥˣһȥ

ӻĺҡ⣬һӣȻ貶ҵĹ⻪ĺҡ

ĺҡ⽣׷һ˿ɫ
뵽˴ǰеһĻ˱ĴħƵҪԱͬھԴﵽҲҪϼ汳Ŀġ
СĴħڼݷ۵һ˲ھ֮ʣһģһµѡԱΪ

ǰһĻ

СģҪԱΪ
˾зѾӻԱ֮ǰ䳹׽

ӻΪԱ˵ؾɣǴ˿ɽ˲Ϊƽأ

෨Ϯӻ󱳣ըѿһƬѪģ
ӻǲܲ˵ǰΪԱǰһ˲ԼǱһ㣬ƱҪĺҡһµ

㿪
˼ֱǷˣ
һӣɢ޶˵ԱΪԱΪ𣿡
ӣ

ӻԪӤ۷Ϊ𣬻۳һš

ֻһ˲䣬ӻȫΪѾ˳Ѿǿѹ̴׻ȥˡ
ʱӻͣΪԱľٶһΪҲѾٵ׵׳Ϊһˡ

һ˲ĺҡ뵽һ
һƽһпɲĹ𺳶һ

أ
ͬǣΪλӲһ
貶Ȼһ


е⽣ʼ΢΢ţտԳϻֳ

ĺҡָ΢һ˲ȴƺǻصһյ֮Уȥһ

˵һ֮£Ӵ˳һԾڡ

Ȼ䣬ơۼ֤һʱ뾪ޣơĴħһʱľҲơս֮ڶӼһʱݡ

أ
ʱôģ
׷𣬾Խ

֮Ĵڣ

ǹȥ˺ܾһ㣬ֻڶ̶̰գ֮˲ϢӻѾԼѹƵ˼µΪ˹

һɿֲϢʱϯ

ǰڽֹӻΪԱڴ֮˸һλԪӤ۷弫µΪԱȴΪ

վڲԶϳƼǰһĻ۵ָ΢ѾԼղ
̤һǰѾ˺ѣʱ׼ųȥĺҡ⵲ֲһ


ͬһ˲ĺҡ̧е⽣ûȴ벽ġԥĻӳһ
ǰĿֲƻնһ

ǽ߾ȫһ
ϯǷſֲƵΪԱײһ
նΪ֮

˽Ȼ֯ϵߣգ֮ϣȻײϾĻ֮µǷ̨

ôˣ
û˶󷨰
Ҫڳ˵ע룬󷨲𣿡

˳ӻƭ˵İ

ϯûεӻ˾޴֮еһпȻҡҡͷ죬˵Լûƭˡ
ûƭˣ
λ˵ģ

λһӰ˵ģλ˵кܶʿԼһע뵽棬Ҳ𣿡

Ǹ˵ģ
ǸܾȻƭˣ
Ȼƭ

ϯӻһʶû
Ҳ˵ˡ


̨׸գ貹⻪֮еС

ҡѡ
ϳ˲˺գĺҡߣסĺҡʱ̨Ϸ⻪û

Ժ֮ȻһЩҲΪ⻪û

е˺ôһֹ⾰أ
Ҳ֪

ѧϰһ󷨣ȫһĽ֮ʱὫǵһͬ

󷨲̫УкܶʿԼһע뵽棬Ҳ𣿡
ԣҸ󷨸յ




ĺҡڻӶ⽣һ˲Լ̨ϴһӦ
ͬһĺӦ

ǵĽ⹲

̨֮ϵ⻪Ͷ֮ʱĺҡûоܾ
ʶûڹ⻪֮УȻңԶ֮Уڤڤ֮С

һˮʶϸ졣
Щ졣

ĺҡ˺ܾã뵽Ϊλ졣
Ƶ
ڽһεڽϣԽʱ䳤ӣݷۼ棬Ϊһڽ
ʱ⣬Ͱϸ졣

ǡ
ʱ䳤ӵ졣

ĺҡȻ
һƬһ֣Ӣͷף΢з۵ĻǰƮ

ĻϴƲ繣˿˿ƵһĺҡǼ⴦
˼Ƭ̣ǰȥ

ԲԶһ̸
ĺҡ̧ȥīСʦһϮɫ۵ϳɴԶ

ڴһĵ
ĺҡݷ˵






82.  ڰʮ   ָⴥһֻ֡


ĺҡƼݷ, ʶǰȥ˶Ҫһ䡰Сʦ桱
ֻ, һСʦ桱ڴƹ, ȴϢֹסˡ

Щ쳣֮
Ϊϳ˵ĻбĽ𣿡

ĺҡͣ½ŲĿ䵽ϳ, ֽٶݷڿ˲֮ͬ

ʱϳɡһˡ
һˡ
ǸѾƳ˼Ʒħϳɡ
һӵʶ˼άҼϳɡ

Сʦ桭
ĺҡ⾲Сʦһī

֮ʱ, ʶȥ, ݷ۵һīָỬ¡

ĺҡת, һ̸߽, һԶ
һ˲˹ȥ

еġ
ݷۻشϳɵǸ, ΢΢ƫͷƺʲô

ϳɲݷ۵Ķ, ǻعͷֻһƬʢһ, ʵڿʲô

ݷ۾עһƬһ, ֮, Ҳ֪
֪ԼڿЩʲô

ϳ, ֻص˴ǰǸ, 㽫Ǹ󷨷
̨ϡݷ۴

ҪȥμӵǸط
š

˽̸, нԶ

ĺҡ˺һ, Щ̫ȷʱݷ۸ղһǲǲʲô
ݷȴʲôҲû˵

ĺҡ⻺˹ȥ

߳һ֣һƬտ֮, ȴƶؾ֮ͬ
ΪϹʱ꣬±ã׺ɣתƣ˺ƶؾ
ƶؾеǷ̨ȴĳԭ

ڱϴĻ֮£ɸǷ̨ʴ¡
ĺҡڲԶҪʱĴʿǲͬ²ǰ㣬˺յֶνǷ̨ġ

ԲԶǿϢտ֮Ƽݷϳɣк󣬾ֱ˺գ̨֮ϡ

ĺҡ״ĵԼĲ²Ȼû
һȴͣ˽Ų
ϹʱЩ˺յûа

ĺҡתķһܲշС
ȻڶγԻʧˡ

нĴڡݷ
ʯãĺҡϣȻ̧ͷݷȥ

ϳΪݷ۶ԴɻǱ㿪ڽ͵ǵ̨֮ʱóĹءֻдΪΪʿܲμһᡣ

ݷԣδ͡
ֻһΣȴûѡ˺յķʽ̨֮ϣ̤һȻʵһƽס

ݷһһ̤ʵƽȴδɢ
һһϣӵʵһǸݣͬǸĻ֮µ̨֮ϡ

ϳɼ״ȴһ˲
֪ݷ۵ӣΪҫԼΪˡ

ðΣϳջĿ⣬ƼݷѾ̨˺գת˲̨֮ϡ
ȴݷվ̨ԵĿע̨µƽס

ĺҡվƽǰʧһ˲
ӦСʦĴڣų֮̂϶صظƽװɡ
һ˲һ

ĺҡգۣ΢΢򴽣̤Ƿͨƽףϡ
ʱվ̨֮ϣתȥſԼʱƽһһ׻ʧ

ֵʱԶĻ֮Ȼһ費⣬֮Ļǡ
һֻӵĻˣŸ߰ͷ­Զ˲ӽ̨֮ϣΪΡ

Ļ쳤Ϯһɰ㣬ҡ
Ƕڷ˵뽾
Ҳֻз˲ĳʽ

ԭϳɺ۰Ҿ˵ԶԶģӰվ̨ϣڵңԭľڵҡ
Һÿġ
ֻһԴһ㣬Ҵ

ĺҡվ̨Եֻ֤˴ӼΪĳΣٵһѳȥס˵ĲΪŵĻ

룬һǻԶһ㡣ϳĵ֣תԵݷҲһͬĵֻ֡

뱻ĵ֣ȴŭֻ߰߰ɣǿȥѾȲҪˡ
תһϳɣҪȴһ˵

ô򣿡ϳɳʵ
һ۰ףڵÿ򣬲ֻаķݶ˭֪ΪһˣҲŲֿԡ

ֻû׼ܴù㰡
ΪҴЦţϳɵһԾԶϳɣҰûΪôֺˣ

ϳԣ׷˹ȥ
ֻݷһںš

ĺҡ״תȥ˹̽ԵĳСʦ棿
ݷûκηӦֺһ顣

޷֮ĺҡͣ
һʱ䳤ӵЧûһεĺá
һΣֻݷһˡ
һΣ˱ˡ
бĴܣϳɣǸзķˡ

ǸзķˡǷȻĸ
ĺҡĬȻ˼š
Ϲʱݷۡ

ʱݷۣһϮİ£ȴһīĺڷҲޱǿ

Сʦ棬ã֮ĺҡ⣬ǽڵӡĺҡҲ̫Ϸĵӡ

ʱӦѾнˣҲӦѾ̫Ϸ˰ɣ
ĺҡⲻȷš

˸ңңʱճӵľ룬ȴڴʱͬһ㣬һ߽᳡ڡ
̨֮ϼΪ㣬һ͵Ŀиһ㣬ӦоУˮ˿֡
ʿǸΪĴ֮

ݷ̧ϯ䣬ѡһĿλ
ĺҡ״գۣʶݷ۴˿ѡλǴǰܵĻʯ̻Ƿλ

ԽһݷǰƼݷѡλãصΪλ𣿡
ҾͲˡ


뻰û˵꣬߹Ķûʼ㱻һȻĳס˶Ρ

״̧̧ʵԭﲻǸλˣ
ͬʱȥݷǱδʵĳ˻ȥ

ĺҡⴹݷֱߵǱĵСʦı
һ򵥵ĳûаθ̣Ҳûаװμϣ򵥵þݷһϮѩ°㡣

ݷüỺ˴Ѿˡ

ˡ
תһƣҲûƼƽݷ۽õϳɹ
вЩɻ⴦λ˭أ

ǸһλСġݷӦ

ϣļҵСμ
˵ݷ۲֪ںʱĸǶ֪ԼС

ԣͷˡ
Ҳپݷľ˭ˣתȥϳϳߵǴλռˡ
һϳϵһƣԼһ

ĺҡվһԣȻҲݷ֮ĶԻȴǳ˺һĵСѵԼ

ݷ۶ԣں֮ˣȷǸСѡ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ˵ݷߡ

֮ĺҡŷԼݷ۵ı͸һЩ
׹£ǰӨӨ

ĺҡָ⣬ڴ֮ǰּΪƵջ֡
ˣСʦͬΪǣСʦıȻҲǲ˴ġ

ĺҡ⽫ա
ֵʱϯҲʽʼˡ
ûνĿףûκκѵĻԤ׵ġʽеľͿʼһ۵ᡣ

ǣĺҡ֤һϹŴ֮˺ơ
Ѱ˺ƣ˵˵ѣᶯֶţǶֶţҲõضɽҡѵġ

ĺҡǰһȺս˺ƣý
ڳĸλ֮䣬ǻ˺öˣ˴֮ЩĿʱ
ЩĿһν۵ϳױ
νǡ˵ӮңҲ˵㣬ҼֵĵǶԵġ
һԲϾͶ֣һԲϾͿս

ĺҡ̧ԶԶȥѾкüλܱĳ̨֮⣬ԶĻ´Ȼ졣

Ϲ۵Щ̫һֺ֮С
ϾںżǰЧ¹ϹŴܵ۵ᣬǳЧµ۵ᣬǰ㾫ʺҡ

ĺҡ֮ʣݷȡϵһƣȴǵơ
һƱԼǰһȴǱ˹Աߵϡ

һĪľٶ
ԼһƣָԱߵĿһ

ĺҡⴹǰǱһƣһƵɢǼ⴦
£ŵֻϧòⱭơ

ʱ䳤ӵϸִʲôڸа㡣

ĺҡ⻺̧ݷۡ
һ˲ʹȥסһơ
ָ֮ᴥִһֻ֡





83.  ڰʮ   һֿĽ


һƵɢ
ĺҡȥָ΢΢, Ǳһƽסˡ

ݷᴹԼָ⡣
Щ㣬һȴȻ֮С

ʱ, ̨֮ϸ۵Ҷ, Ѿע⵽һȻҲƼݷ۵ĵڶƷϺ, ȥ˺δ

ĺҡǴԼӹǱһ, һڡ
봽֮, һ, оƵĴ, 뵵İ
ҪǣһԽʱ䳤ӱ͵еһơ

Զһλ, һϮµķѾΪ̫һƣϣż͵ĳ, Ҫȥܡ
ָ⴦Ȼһط
ʶԾɲ̫֮, еһƸ˳, Է¾ơ
, һȵһƱװڱ, 䵽ϳǰ

, ϳ, Ⱦ, ǰ֮ٴ򡣡
˵Ǿ仰ϣ˯ȥ
, Ǵط΢΢ҡҷţ˯ȥʶݡһԶĻ֮µսȥ

ˣ˯ˣҲҪһܡ

һʱ䣬Ϊһطĵң۵ֳ͸Щ
λ֮ĵΪ˵ص⣬ʵֱһĻһĻ̨֮ϣþҲδɢ

ĺҡǱһƣãڷһЩֵ
̨֮ôܣȴûһλܴչݷ۵ġ
ԶŵϳҲвٴԼ۵ҲǱĴӡ֤

ôˣȴûһݷۡ
˵ݷ۵Եãÿÿдܾ˷֮ʱͬݷ۽̸һ䣬Ҳ㲻Եá
ңݷ۵ӣҲܻ

۵룬ҲΨݷһġ

ĺҡֿһ
ڳô֮Уݷ⣬ȻûбĴǽޡ

ĺҡⴹŷϵһԺ֮ӹЩƬΡ

޽ô
Ѱ޵ѡ
޽ôѣãã˺֮УҲֻҵóһо츳

ڽڲһοݷʱǱرġ֮Ļ

ãã˺֮УҲֻҵóһо츳ˡ

Ϲʱȴ޶ûгΪ̤֮ϵĴѡ
ҸԸȥΪģǵޡ

ԭʱ򣬵洦ɼΪɵĵޱȱȽǣһȴֻһ֮
¶
֪޵ǰ·Σȥȥƴֻ;תȥΪһޡ

ԭϹʱ޲һ˳˳ˮ֮ͨ·
ʱʿȴ֪֮󣬽ͬһ֮ͨ·һһǰһ֮ͨ·
ʱ֪֮ĽڳΪɽеĵһʥأҲ޷֮ȼ硣

˼ˣĺҡգۡ
Ϊ޽֮۵

ĺҡеǱƣþδй
ʱĳһ̣ʱ䳤ӵϸԽԽʱ̧ȥǰѾʼʵİ
ںǣٻȥˡ

ĺҡǰľѾʼģ
̨֮ϴĸ쿪ʼһһϡ

Ǽգ۵˲䣬ĺҡֻ֮ܿⷽصľ¡
߬Ǳһƣһתȥݷ۵Ĳգ૵Сʦ棬Ҫȥˡ

ĺҡʶѾʼǰʱһģ
ȥָ߬£֮ģĽʢ

һֿĽʢ
ϸĻʱֶһʧ̨֮ϡ

ݷ֣סֻ֮׹ľƱ
ָţѾ˵ľƱ֮Ψһ͸һƣҲڴʱ뵶ɢ
һƵ

۵
ݷ


ʱ䳤ӵϸݷ۶Ͻ룬֪ԼԵλСѾص˸ڵǸʱ
ȴڴʱһʱ䳤տ繵һ㡣

ѧϰһ󷨣ȫһĽ֮ʱὫǵһͬ

һֱݷֱߵĳһ˲ӹңңգǵտ⽻֯һ

۵Ǿںۡ
ݷ



ʱ䳤ӽĺҡʶ֮С
⴫һϸķĺҡʱعȥ

ʲһĻĻ۵ĳĺҡԣһΰ㡣
Ψһ㣬֪ǲһΡ
ʱ䳤ӣѾǵڶμϹʱݷˡ

ðΣĺҡգֱۣߵ⽣վתܡ

Ƿ̨ɸ߸߸ƶ֮ϣʴ£ɽշС
ӻһΪԱô˵ش̨ϵĹ⻪˵ȶ

ϳɵӰԾɱ⻪ţδѹ
⣬ΧٵԾ⻪֮УɳС

ĺҡ״Ѱ˿طһһߵϳ

ʱϳɴЩ
ĺҡۣȥƼϳĹ⻪ʾ͵³һѪ

ϳɵѡ
ĺҡ״æȥ˷ȡ
ϳƼĺҡĵһ仰ǣҡѣҿֻˡ

ĺҡԣ΢˲
ϳɿ˵ֻˣǷǰɣ
ǵԼͨʱ䳤ӻصϹʱʱĳ
ϳλǰĹϵǼõġ

һȼ˵ϵз˶ˣֻһöķ˵ö˵˷˵һƬ֮й˺þúþãм꼸ǧ꣬Һ񿴼һֻֻֽ֣޾֮

ĺҡ㽫ö˵𣿡
Ҳ֪ϳҡҡͷ

ϳɽö˵ģǾֻǡ
ĺҡ˼֮ʱǰϳȴҡҡͷüɵңǸ˲ҡ

Һ񡭡ˡ
ϳ˵˴̧ĺҡ⣬ʵҡѣǲѾˣ

ĺҡţ˶ȴʼûӦ
֪λشϳ⡣

ϳˣϳֻ˹ȴ֪ǲǰǸϳɡ

ҿҡˡ
ϳɻڵҿҵһƬЩڵ֮УƬ֮Ư˺ܾãһֻֻ۾šҡʬ

Ҳ֪Ʈ˶ãŻɽС

Ȼ󡭡
ϳ˵˴΢˶٣ŵûȻˡ

ĺҡĬ
ϳɿҡѣһλѵ𣿡

ǵԼӵʶһգĵһ˾ĺҡ⡣
ڤڤ֮ĪĸоߣҪĻ
˵ʲôԥȥġ
ǣӵʶһգͲҪˡ

ĺҡԣֻܵһԼӰѣȵһԼʶԼӰԣڡ

ϳɿڵûи߹ңԭѾˡ

ڹȥһ䣬ȥѰʶ
Լûģû
˸һûĻѾǸˡֻ˵ˣŻûġ

˸ǲߵġ
ʲô
һ

һһ֮Ҳ֪ʹĹϳɳʵ
ĺҡҡҡͷϳɵѣ㲻ǹֻʱʧȥЩ֪ѡ

˵ҵʶҾܱøһˡѾˣôøһأǶǻŵˣһȥˡϳ૵

ƭҡ
ϳ̧ȥĺҡֻǾؿʲôҲû˵
˫Ϊƽ۾ȻԼǰ˵Щʲô

һ֮Ҳ֪ʹĹ
ϳɳɵĺˣָţ࣬ҲǹģҲǹ˵ԼǹġҲǡ
֪ʹˣǹ

Ǹ˵ˡ
ϳɵ˵ţȻת뿪˴˵ء

ĺҡ⿴ϳȥıӰںϳɵѣ
ϳɵܵڽнԶԲȥҵļˣ㡣

ĺҡͣ˽Ųվܵڴ
֪֮ʹͲʲôֻǱȱرһѡ

˴ʱ̨⻪֮Ѿʼ˲ٹ⻪ⲿʿʶѹ

λʦѹƼĺҡ⣬߹ָлĺʦãһλǶǰѡ
ӻΪԱĺʦڣ˽ٱضҵȵˡ

λʦ˵գ˴ֻĺҡһڣʵĺʦãǰͬеλأ
£Ѿȥˡĺҡ͵λʦ֣ȻѾѹˣȴΪտһЩûѹĵѰɡ

ĺʦ£ȥɡλʦֵͷڵ

ĺҡ⹰˹֣תȥ
ھǴܵвʱһĻʯ̣ͣ˽Ų

ǰĻʯ̵ģǷ̨֮ϵһ۵ᣬҲԽʱ䳤Ӻܹǳ۵ᡣ

ĺҡһĻʯ̵ÿһ
Ϊһһƶϵķ룬ҲڷԲϳɣһճλãԼϰڷŵĳ

һǰСʦңңʱ䳤ӣһһơ

ܵĺҡ⿴ɫǴóָ⴦עһĨ
һָָϱߡ

ĺҡǵԼڽ֮ܵǰ⴮ָָƶϱߡ
Ѿܵˣ⴮ָȴϱߡ

ǷȻؾϱʲô鲻
ĺҡ˼Ƭָ̣תؾϷȥ

ҹĺҡѰһϢĵطѡ
ڻҡҷ֮£ž졣

ĺҡ⽫⽣˫ϥ֮ϣҡҷĻ⿴һ׼͵С
׼ʼתķ֮ʱľȻѹ

ѣζΧħаû
ǰĻѱȻһ紵û΢

һ˲ĺҡ⽣λûȥ

һ͵ίҡˡ






84.  ڰʮ   һᣬҡᡭ


һ֮лʵл, һϮĺ۽ڵʵʵģΨֻۼ޳ѩףڵ໥ӳ, һּµС
ҡ, þò

ĺҡлӳȥ⽣˻, ǰ

л仺߹ȥԭĺҡԵġ
𽥿֮ʱ, ۽ƼԼɢħ, ȴǽŲ΢, ͣԭ

ʿħʴ, ǲǻرʹࣿ
ʿԣǧϸܵ̽Ѫ֮еʹ

л͵ʹ, Ųһתĺҡ档
ҡ֮һػѡ

л佫סԼݵñߣȻ, 
ݼ, һ˫, β΢΢, ˡ
һĵĹ, ȴڶǸˡ

ҡ, 㶼ôġл

ĺҡһɲ, ڻ, ̧ڻѶл䡣
΢΢ҡҷңʵôģ

л俴ĺҡ⣬͵ħ֮, ҲһܵͨƶؾҾͨܵƶؾġ

ĺҡԣüͷ
ô֪ħ֮кһͨƶؾܵ
ôһҲħħ

¥ͨƶؾܵģĺҡʵ
л乴˹ǰһ񡣡

ĺҡȻǰڱѩпĨлħʵһɽ磬ǲȥѩԭ棬Ҳʲô񣿡

Ҳ¥罻ҵһ񡣡л̹Ȼ
ҡˣǲκġ

ĺҡ⽫ħӴռȡ˳ֵݹȥ
ָſһ˲ħҵԼˣлӿ룬лħ֮С

һΣлˣʵҡȥѩԭˣ
šĺҡӦ

Ҳȥ˱ѩԭѩ
л俴ĺҡ⣬ڵҡûпѩǸħ

ʲôħĺҡȻ̧ȥʵ¥㣬˵ѩһħ
лעĺҡķӦ˵ѩ˯һħɽΪǿһħ

ĺҡԣüͷôܣ
Ҳ֪ħûиǡлҡˣ㶯ˡ

лħôܡôܿҡΪ˶أ

貵Ļ⣬л侲ĺҡ⣬ҡˣ㶯ˣΪѩ֮еǸΪǿħΪˣǲǣ

лħɢΪĲϷӿš
ħȻڻ֮ϣĻ˲𣬴˵һֻһ¹

ЩƲסħڼǰӿţʱĺҡǰ
ĺҡᴹЩӿħ˵ǰ

մһϮѩȹڵصһ½ΪħȾȾīһħ
ȴǡǰġΪһĻݷһϮѩ»īһĺ¡
ħ

лһѩ½ǱħȾȾħȾָĴһ㡣
ҡȴ޶ԡ

ЩڶȥħȻһͣͣԭ
һѩ׵ȹϣҲΨһ½ǱȾǵħ

ҡˣôشңҶԱ˶ģôһشأ
лվ̤ǴѾħĻѣĺҡǰ

л仺ȥԼŰħһ̬ҡˡ

ҡˣôң
л˵ţβĨ췺ŶǵĹޣôҿң

ҡˣֻҪ㿴һۣһۣ϶ͲٶǸ˶ˡ

ĺҡᴹл䣬Ϊڵл䣬˵

л״Ц£ҡˣҵģң뿪ħ磬صɽ硣
ڣֶԱ˶ˣǲǡǲԶҲٻصħˣ

лСһûи㣬ѾȨɱˣڽӹħֽȨϲ˹

һľǸһһ㽫ħһһٽǸħ𡣡

ȻҾͿ԰ĵĵˣһֱţӦҵģҡң϶ġ

һֱڵ㣬㲻ˣԲԣлʵ

ҡˣһֽҷֵ峤λϵģôֲܾأ

ĺҡ⾲л˵ðβſڵл䣬û˻һֱġ
лԣĿڴȴǱӺݺһ°㣬۵

лʹüۣţֻңҲŲҲǸҪл䣬ҡ

ĺҡֻǰԭλѡ
ħЩ꣬һԷħѡ

лԣȫȫǿεĻ飬ȴΨˡ
֮һĿܣһΪħħǼ꣬Ѿˡ

л䲻˫ÿĳиֳԼˡ
ҡ˲뿪ħѣͶԱ˶ˡ

ҡ˲Ǳɽеķʱ
кܳܳʱȥȣܹҡ˸Ȼġ
лĬȻ˵

ĺҡƽڵл䣬ȥ飬ΪңȥЩ顣
Ҫ㣬Ҫ

Լ׿ڶ˵һһߵħʳ֮ȥΪҫ۵Ǹڣߴħλã¥Ǹλá
Ҳ㡣

ҲŰߣħһ峤λȥˣѵҰ𣿡
ҵҰҲ㡣

ĺҡ˵ʲôлɹִĽ˻ᵽҡϡ
Ф롢ҡˡ

ִӣӣҲħ֮ڹƻħ

ĺҡ״ٳˡ
лȴǹִĿڵҡˣô˵ˣ

ȰҲȰˣɻˣʲô˵أ
ĺҡĬȻ˵š

Һòײһɽ磬òײżҡˣҡôͬ˵أһȥҡ˵ġл

лĺҡⲻ˵ˣԹԵĵ֪ҡ˶Ǹ˶ˣһᣬһкܶʱȥȡ
һħҡ˻ҡ˻Ϊħħ𡣡

ҡ˲ϻҲа취ҡ˻

ĺҡԣл䣬ƺǾл֪Щʲô֪ʵʲô취

л乴Ц£ҡˣ㲻Ҫңǲġ
ˣǽôҡ˻صħأ

ĺҡͻȻתʵл䣬֧𣿡
ڰлӦװ֧˳ݸĺҡ⡣

ĺҡӹУۣе˳

ƶؾ֮У
һſǴǰлħֻܽͰÿһʯ

ɵ֧һһħʱή

лԾûʶĺҡҪʲô̧ĺҡеҡˣ㿴͸ҵ͸һ

ллޡ
ǻǲֹҪ顣
ĺҡ˵ţּó

лɫ΢һ˲ԾĽԼһֻֻ˳
ֻǣֻ֮ʱѾħˡ

л䣬Ϊʲôңĺҡʵ
ʲôҲлҡҡͷС

ΪʲôҰħ¶ղڻѶʱģĺҡ˵ţҪѹԼħԡ

һԡƮƮûлϣһԼѾѹƲסħʼɢ
˿˿ƵħħеϢĺҡ⿿
һһҡ˿

ĺҡ⾲Щ˿˿Ƶħָ⣬Ҳе֧
е֧ħʴ֮Уʼ㡣

𣿡ĺҡƽʵ

ҹ֮лϴȴһȻˮǿ궯Ľ˸͸

лһ˫ˮĳĺҡС
Ŀ䵽֧֦ʱеұȻѹ

лǷ˷һ㣬ĺҡж֧
ﻹδȥħԽӾĵ㡣

лȻַſ֧ٵ״̬ڵϣĺҡѩ½Ǳϡ
ɫ֧໥ӳţȴΪпʵ

ɽУȻɵħ֮Уȴֻխʯ֮ϣһһʯΪľԣΪγ

ǵģǵġ
л䴹ȥ˵š

л䣬
лҡҡͷûףһûס

ĺҡ⿴ǰлɳħ֮У޷԰Ρ
ͳһ֧֮ʱͱ˾ܾ֮⡣

лóƻҲģȴɻǳԼ֮У޷ѳ

֮л仺̧޶Եĺҡ⣬˳ǣҡˣ˵ħ֮óƻħô͹ƻأ

ұƻˡ

ҡ˲Ϊǿġóƻġħƻˡһһǣע⡣

Ϊҡ˵һ鶯ѣҡȴƽĿ⾲޶ԡ

ҡˣ㡣лΪǸΪ֮ĵˣңҵĻ롣

ʲôϵأ
л˵ţüۣһᣬһкܳܳʱ䣬ҡǸˣǸˣһлġ

˵סڱѩ֮еǸѾܾˣһȲġ

л׼һȣʹȣʹȡ
ҿԵȺܾúܾõġ

ĺҡԣ̲ס۽΢¡

ûˡ

л⺢ӡûˡ
ûˣѧҵˣ

㣡






85.  ڰʮ   ҡˣҺһס


ҡ, ҿԵȺܾõġл

ĺҡⴹȥٶԡ
ȰҲȰˣл⺢ӾԽ, ִ, ȻѧҵһС
Ҳûˡ

ðΣĺҡȥ, 뽫лӵϷ
ָһллͬ͵ؾѹһ, ԼŰħ־, Ψһ˫ʪĳ

ĺҡ⿪ڵ
лû, ֻ, ͵ͳҡҪңҲŻ

ɡ
ĺҡһ˵, һסл֣ǰɹק

ſʱĺҡע⵽ղԼקֻһƬѩ϶˼ӡ, ɵûԼ̫һקħקˣ

лƼĺҡע, , εĽֻ˹

ս˾, ĺҡŷǼӡлжôԡ
ɵĻ, ֻҪκһ, ǰѩֻ̾ϼۡ

ҡ, 㿴л
ĺҡɵۣ
ʲôʱôˣ

лӦ, ֵҪҡһ࣬Ųۡ

ĺҡԣ˹
ǰڹƻħװġ
ۿ϶û۵, ħһ⣬ĿĿЩ᲻صĺۼ
ֻЩۼѩһļϣŻԡ

ĺҡһ󣬳Լࡣ
תȥ΢֧

л仺ջ֣ĺҡΪħĬȻ
ۣ
ôأ
۵úܰ

ҡˣ͸ҵĶͲջȥˡл
ͬ׹ڵϵǷи쵽ĺҡǰ֧Ž֮С

ĺҡָ΢٣֧黨֮С
л佫иϺϺá

Զߴһէ֣ͻ˺ҹء
лԶɫ
ֻɽвܿ⣬ڳ갵յħǿ˾µġ

ҡˣˡл俪ڵ
֣ԼñȴΪһֱֻУֻһֲֻò

л̧ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡⲻ
֪ǰħװˣȴ̲ס߹ȥʾлͷ

л˳ĽԴ΢
ĺҡȥлñһлԴϣòñ֮¡

лԾȴڴ˿΢ƫƫͷĺҡϵҡˣûиǸ

ûСĺҡ
ֻСѲŻҪñ

ҲҲǡл
Žߵѩ׼ôܶô࡭

л䣬Ҫ֪
ĺҡ̧֣лԴʾվֱ塣

ҡˣʱʱˡ
лͻŹҵ繣ҡˣҺһ㰡

Ҫҡ
ڼĺҡ֮ǰлվֱ塣
ԾɱǸУĺҡ⣬ˡ

ҡǸˣҺòãлʵ
ĺҡ򴽲Ҳδߴ٣ת뿪

ԶȻһΪл򿪴ͨ
л֮ǰֻҡˣǲҪȥһֻˣ

ĺҡԣ̧л䡣
л䴽Ц£ǺܿͻټˡΪ

¥Һ诵񣬾ǶԸֻ˰Ҫֻħ
лҡˣʱҲֻ㣬ȱ˵ġ
ɽУθɣ
ںģֻҡһ˶ѡ

ĺҡǰѯ֮ʱлӰѾû֮Уʧˡ

׹˵һħɢˡ
ĺҡջĿ⣬óǴ
ָ⴦ӿһĨտû֮С

һĨ⻪ӿȴɻָƶؾϷ
Ҳ˵ȻϷ
лղ˵ȻӦǱϷ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡ⽫һӣؾϷ׷϶ȥ
ڶ峿֮ʱ̽Ѱָķϱߡ

ϱߣʲô谭˷ȻĽŲΪͣͲǰ
ȻΪݼӢһһͬЩʿ˵㲻в

ĺҡ˴ǰϳԺ֮еһЩƬʱ
ʲôȺħΪʧȥǵĹߡ
лҲ˵¥诵Сħ

һû˵Щ顣
ڡ·ԭ֮УйƶؾһΣīĽѩѩϡ
ȻΪûŮӣдࡣ

һ
һƶؾ֮ʱվ˵ڽأʸμⳡ߾顣

˵ڶʱĺҡͣһƬǰ
Ǵָ⴦һĨӿ룬׼ȷָ
ɭ֮С

ĺҡ̧һۣʶ̽ͼ֮̽е
ʶŸһ̽ȥûԶ㱻һ谭˻

ʶǴһģԶΪϼ磬ôܻᱻ򵥵һ谭նȥ·
֮Уһ̽

˼ˣĺҡ⽫ʶʶ֮УֱƬС
֮Уľƻϣգһ⡣

ĺҡ̤С
ϹŹޱȵ·һƬŻ̽ϢһѾ֦ϣſ
˵أӣΣķ

ƿ촫ĺҡּⷴ⽣նɱ⽣¡
նɱĶ׹ڵϡ

ĺҡⴹһۣ⽣ϵѪɾ˹ȥ

ʱһƬǰʱĺҡͣ˽Ų
̧һñսĹľ߹ȥָᴥǽرսĹľ
عľ֮ϣзϢ

Ȼ
˷Ϣ֮⡭˵Ľ⡣

ĺҡ˵ؽʣһδɢĽۼ˼ãŲ³ǵڴ˴ġ
ԭȻؾ֮ˣ

뵽ȻһһһҪܵĵУĺҡɻһȥˡ
ת˲֮Ϩ뷨

Ȼܹ鰮ܣƶؾ֮ΪҪ֮ԲΪһᰶ¡

ĺҡǰ̽ţһ·ٿ̽Ϯ֮ꡣ
ǰ𽥿һ峺׵ϪѶ£һ

ĺҡתƬ̣˹ȥ
һϸ죬н

һΣܲ˰ɡ
ĺҡһ˵һѸټ⽣ȥ


⽣Ϸһտ⣬ǵӰ˲䣬һС
ɱңɱң

ĺҡͣ½Ųתȥ
Զտ˼һŷ۰ȹСȥʮģ
ϸһŰƴСü죬ɫףòһֻСð㣬һ

ĺҡⶢС￴һۣ˵һ᰻ϲ͡
޳ûһСܰȫĴ֮У

СΪһŵڵϣ΢΢ţԲԴڷȻֻ
ֻë׵ѩö䡣

ԭСãԭҲһֻӡ
ϲѰ̼˵ǸӴ̼

ĺҡ״߹ȥ˼ͻȻΪ֮еϮִ֮˽
ôûбŵ

ûûС
˵⻰ʱС˫ӶĶһ£͸żζ

ĺҡⲻɫȥСӵſʵͻȻʲô𣿡

᰸ҳġ
ᰣ
ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬С˫Ӷ䡣

ǵģȻ硭
СŴŴģɷǺܹ˲֪½䱸

ĺҡСеġȻ硱ĸ֣ʵȻ

ǷȻǱƢһȻ硱ǻֱӷųһطĵֻһѩƤëɡ
ĺҡ̲סĬȻ²۵

ԣ˵Ҳȥ·㡣
ĺҡüȥɡ
ǰֻӹƾǳĻ¡

Сĺҡ˳Ϫ£ĺҡʵСʲô֣
ҽ۪࣬أ
ĺҡ⡣

һֱƶؾ֮е𡭡
һ·ϣĺҡ۪һЩ⡣
ԭһֻӣ۪ش⣬ͦ˳ġ
ݹ˳ģ۪αװͲö֪ˡ

˳СϪһֱߣߵͷ֮ǰ߻Ȼ
۴һƬտɽȣСϪͷзïƬݴ֮УһʯѹСɽ֮С

۪ܹȥ˷ܵҡ㣬ˡ
ĺҡ̧ȥʶ̽ڴɽʱһεϸʶ̽ȥ·

Ƭʶ̽ԭԭɽ¡
ĺҡǰ˼ɽǰȴȻͣ˽Ųˡ

۪ഹţۼĺҡͿߵɽˣȴͻȻͣ˽Ų
̧ȥĺҡ⣬ʵҡ㣬ôˣ

ͻȻˡĺҡⱧ⽣̹ȻȻѾ쵽ˣȥѷȻ᰸гɣ˵Ҿǡ
ǡ۪ͷɵ

ĺҡ΢̧򢣬ʾȥɡ
۪תԭɫʱ

ĺҡⴹС·ʢݡ
һ۰Ӱܵǰ̧ӭһ˫۾

۪ҡ㣬߰һ߽ɽȣµġ

ĺҡһ˲еγȥ㶳ãҸߡ
˵գ⽣࣬һԲĸ۪߽ɽ֮С

۪һ˫΢۾ɽ֮еһһľĺҡ⣬ĺҡһɽǰȥ
á

۪ſĺҡɽ֮к󣬲Ŵת뿪
˺һûеȵ߽֮ɽȥ

˵ȥ
۪಻ͷգ֮䣬һϸϡ

ĺҡ⻺˹е⽣۪ಱϣ̧۪ࡣ
۪һ˫ͬʯ۾˿Ѿûһ˫ͨͨӣʩչδɢ

ôܣôܻûбҿס۪Ȼɴ˫ۣ

ĺҡԣգۣ𣿡
ߣһħһ峤
лȻ֮е֮
ֻСӵȻ֮Ҫõħ֮УȥħһеκһħȽϣʵ³ˡ

ôأ
۪̲סʶǰһ⽣֮ˣֳһĨѪ

ǲᰱȻ֮ˣĺҡʵ

ֻСӱϲǵһټССȻ֮᰿϶ˡ
Ҫֻ֣ܹ᰼ʶǳû棬ôһȻ֮Եˡ

ֻǡȻأ
ĺҡڷȻҲԵССȻ֮£ǲ̫ŵġ

۪಻Ͽ

ֵʱԶɽ֮дһ춯
һɫӰɽӳ˲䣬ĺҡ


ǵϮ֮ʱɽ֮ӳһط𣬽᰸ס
ɣɽǰ

ʧִ󺰵ſſҵã

ĺҡһʧǰĴ󺰣ԭôĳǲЦģɻ̲סЦ

ԲһͳӰ飬Ļ󡱳¼ĳ嶯






86.  ڰʮ   ͷأǡ


᰸ղǾ仰, ԻΪһĺʷ֮һ
ĺҡĬȻӴռһöӰΪսѹ۪ಱ֮䡣

۪ಱĨѪߴ˿˿Ƶ, ٶ
תΧڷ֮е, ΢죬ᰱּ, ͼѿ

ĺҡ״ֱȥ, Ʋ״, ۪һ˹ȥ

㡭
۪໹δһ, һ, 㵹˲ݴ֮С
ĺҡӴռͳһӣ۪˫ס, ֽ˫һͬ

ԶƼĺҡ۪ࡰʩԿ̡ɵԽ󺰵ſſҵã
ͺᰱ֮, ֻʣһ仰˵Ƶġ

ĺҡ⽫۪úߵɽڴ, , ȻĽöӰɽڴ
öӰűסεᰡ

, ĺҡɽ֮С
ɽڿ, Ϊһط𾲾ȼ, ɽ

ĺҡ̧ȥ, һۿ˱ɽ֮еķȻ
ȻһϮ, ˫˫ŶסμδκǱ֮

ĺҡʦ֣
ȻתƬ, ų᰻ڷ裿

ʦֱķԭأʱ޷
ĺҡһ߽ͣһ߹ȥͼ⽣סȻնϡ


ĺҡӳһȴǸκζѵļ
Ȼڵնϵġ

ĺҡԣһ˲ʵ⿪Կ۪
˵˴תɽԹȥ۪ߣȥ۪һ飬ȴûҵκԿصĶ

·ɽ֮ʱԶڷеƼĺҡȥĿ⣬ִһſá
ĺҡ״۽Գ£ûȥܷᰡ

صɽ֮Уĺҡҡҡͷû۪ҵκԿ׵Ĵڣֻ֮ܵʡ
ɽ֮ڣֳʵʦ֣ʦô۪ģ

Ȼԣһ뵽ǰ᰷ķ裬̲סǺǣǸһҪȥֻӣô˽

˪
ĺҡһ⻰͸ˡ

һƶؾ᰺˪ͬһʱ䣬ֻӡ

ֻӺְ۪˪δˣӽƬ֮С
һ׷˽ֱ׷ɽ֮УȴͻȻˮӱ͵Ϯ

ȻޱĽ͵֮ʱҾͱ᰺ֻӸ
ķղ𣿡ĺҡʵ

⸱֪ʲôɣҵķһᱻա
⸱˵𲻵ٵá

ĺҡ߹ȥָⴥǰ⸱ʶ֪̽һ¡
֪Ϊɽ֮УΪԭʶڴʱˡ

ĺҡ⽫ʶ˳Ӷȥʶ¡
ն۵һط

λڴ˴ɽȵĵ֮С
ڵصиݺύ໥֯һսһ߾޴ĺ˵档


ĺҡȻʶ̲ס˰벽
Ȼ̧ȥʵ㡮ʲô

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ȴûлشȻ⣬ǿʵƶؾҪʲô
Ȼ΢ҷ񹬡

ļңĺҡɵ
ǡȻӦ
뵽ЩʲôͻȻʶΪĺҡʳ

㡮йصĶ
ĺҡǰ̽ʶĻ棬ҿһ߾޴ĺǣס


סȻΪȻ졣
ĺҡ״æҲ֪ûСӦһߡŹǡ

Ȼһֻˡ
֮ǰ޾֮ϣһ˵
ڷ˵һȺˣͩΪܣȪΪÿ곯ϼ֮ʱԶЯķߵջҪҫۡ

ɺħ޾룬˵һȼ
ҲûһȺӵŻķˣŸ߰ͷ­

Ψһö˵ӷ˵Ϲ޾Ư˼꣬ǧ꣬塣
ö˵Ϊʥ֮ڽƿǶΪһֻˡ

Ϲʱƿһգή֮֮һͬ
һգа

ÿһֻƿһգ͸ӵеͬ˾Ϊ
ɷȻʲôҲûС
û֮ûбȼ˾Ϊ
ֻһƽﻹҪȥëΪС

Ѻý֮󣬽Ȼڣ壬Ϊ洫ӣ̤֮;

Ȼȴסĸˡ
ĺҡȥһ

֮󣬷ȻŰȥֻӸץɣЩҪ

ĺҡԣת۷Ȼ״̬
ƬӺһס޷۪ץ˽ֽڷһͬץ˽

ͬʧȥһ㣬ظ߶ͬһ仰ſſҵã

ĺҡ⽫һһֻӺץ˽Բȥˣֵ̧۪󲱾ָӿһĨ۪ʶ

۪ţѹ
ڼȻһ˲ԭӶȻš
Ȼ󣬵۽Ƴĺҡһѩȹ֮ʱ˫Ӷɪøˡ

ĺҡ۪һ˫Ӷı仯ɵĬȻ
顭۪ȻȷȻҪһ

һֻȵСֵӡ

Ȼᴹ۪࣬Կף
ûûԿס۪С

۪͵⸱ɽҵģûҵԿס

ĺҡԣΪҪ
ԭֻ᰸ߣ׷ᣬЩ£۪͡΢ŴЩµ

ֵʱȻ֮ƺ۪ĺ£ִһʯڽ˳ڵƶ£ҵã

ĺҡ̲ס۽ǣֱûۿ״̬
ԼôĳЦ

̧۪ȥѾָһ˫ᰣˮ顣
һߣ᰻Ǳ߷á

һɽ֮Ψǲɢһ°Ķ񶾽ɫ

۪ҲϴķϢ뵽⸱ס
ĻҾͿԸ᰸ԶԶһˡ

ĺҡԣüʵץ˪ʲô
۪˪֣ԴϻûӶȻһ͵ΪҲϲ᰸ģȰ

˪ںδ
̧۪һСãȻĳҰ˰

˪ôˣ
ĺҡԴ˸еЩ⣬ֻ۪໰ʵԡ

ĺҡʵ֪˪ᰵ𣿡
֪ˣô˭᰸ģ

ĺҡֱһüһ
ʹȻ֮Ϊʲô

۪᰸ʹȻ֮ҲͰˣԼûǵ۪۪࣬صܹʹȻ֮

ΪҲϲ᰸硣
۪໰һһֱδķȻȻǺǣֻӵöࡣ

۪ԣת˿ĺҡ⣬Ȼ

ĺҡȥ۪࣬ڵʩᰵȻ֮˰ɡ
۪ʶܾҡҡͷҲ᰸Ȼֻ֮ˡ

ĺҡƼ۪һĹִ̾һ
ϵȻֻ۪֮⡣

ʵɡҲǻôһȻ֮ģǸлѧġ
ֻ̫öѣҪһֻϡ

ⲻ⣿ĺҡв
۪ҡͷ⡣

ĺҡ´ĳ֪֪ɽУһˣͷʿϲԵһˡ

ͷأȰõһԴ뻨Ȼõʱ򣬷ڻȥա

Ȼأ÷ʦֵķ𡣡
ĺҡ˵ţԶķȻʮϵĴָ⴦ӳһطƹĸ֮˹

Ǵط𿰿۪ԴϷɹԴһͱɻͷˣ

ĺҡֻԣֻʲôͷ
Ż۪ʱһ
۪಻֪Ҳȥ˽νͷ˵Ҳŵ۪ġ

۪ĺҡйԼԴֲֿֿʼɪɪ
ţôô£

ǱŵûǰֻΪСҲɿڣ᰽Ȼ֮

ĺҡʵûˣȥ۪°ͣʹ̧ͷ
ͬʱлѧȻ֮ķʼת

۪СôҲᡭ

ĺҡⶢ۪࿴һûԼʹȻ۪֮ʲôı仯

֮ʱ˷Ȼɻʲô
ĺҡԣûתȥȻɶ۪࣬͵ѧһżܲá

ĺҡ۪ãų׷
ҵרͲǸħһеġ


ԷȻĺҡվתȥ⸱ûԿףʦҪôš

ĺҡһ仰û˵꣬ƼȻɫ΢䣬ԭ߰ʱü侹ӹһ˿ɵɫ

ĺҡʱһֲ̫ԤС

ͬʱĺҡȻ˵л˵ĻҡˣԹԷİ⡣

Ѿһħ֮ħˡ
ʱ䣬ҲѾȥˡ

ôȻ֮
۪Ҫайˣðɡ

ҡˣһãòã
ʱлߣ

лСʲô˼أ
ֻҡ˿һҶİѡ






87.  ڰʮ   㻹ǲǸˣ


, ۪ûС
ǷȻˣ

ĺҡ״ɳʦ֣ڸоΣ
Ҹоܺ, ûʲô⡣ȻӦ

ĺҡϸһ۷Ȼ״̬, ü߰ɫû⣬Ҳûʲôı仯
ղһĨɫ, Ӧ˰ɡ

˼ˣĺҡٶȿڵڸô죿
ʵ, Լָо, ۪˵ѡ
κҲ۪û취, ҲŲ, ɱҲɱá

ֻӣȻ֮ǻźҪ۪һȥ
һȻ֮, ȵѹԻһ֮ǵĺʷ

ĺҡת۪࣬ȥ, ˫˫Ŷס۪һץȥߡ
ԭڷ᰸۪ܵϢ

ĺҡ״, Խһһֻһ
һ, ʧȥǵ᰺۪֮С
ݷ۽̸, ˶СʦԼû֮, , Ǿûġ

һ, ĺҡ뵽ԼǰǸ֪ʧܻǳɹķ, ת۰ע󷨵ķȻ

Ȼûʲô⣬ĺҡ΢˿ڵȻʱҲ취, ɽ̽̽

ʦ£ͨ⴮֪ͨҡ
ĺҡ˵գǴȡҡ¡

ͬʱڷȻϵǴ֮
죬öڽӦ㡣

á
ȻͷĿԾĺҡϡ
ʱĺҡߵɽڴʱ֪ôģͻȻѿڶСһЩ

ĺҡԣ۷ȻӦ֪
߳ɽ

һѩ½Ƿɣع»һĻȣȻʧɽڴ
Ȼɽڡ
֮ŴջԼĿ⡣

ɽڴ΢紵ϸ졣
һֱڽ۪Ȼ̧ɽ֮бסǵӰڵȻ磬ǲϲ

Ȼ˭ģ
۪ЦŵȻһֻˣҲһԱΪβȻأ

Ȼֻ˵һ֣
۪ûһָŵȻҡôãԼķԺϻָ

ϻʲôȻĸ׺ĸ׵Ķﰡλϻ崫Ȼ磬Ȼ罻Լİ֮˵ġ

ô֪ôࣿȻʵ
۪ƺΪȻ˶ˣ˷ܵȻ磬ڿˡ

ҡһϻ壬ǲ֤Ȼİ֮ˣ
۪С˵ţǰơ
κ󻹱һᰣж

Ȼ۾ĬȻ

ã۪ᰣ󷨱ԵƫƫĿ⣬ŷȻεĲգڵȻ磬ôֲˣ

ҾȻһ£ȻǲǰԼδµķҲҡ㣿
۪ĿŷȻ

ǡҡ񻹲֪°

ȻȻۣתһɫ۪ࡣ
۪䴽Ȼ磬ҡ֪£ǻأǾܾأ

Ȼʲô£

۪ජŷȻ˵һԼİ֮ǰԵˣҲ겻ġ

Ȼ磬㽫ķҡ㣬

Ҳ뽫ҡĳѨ֮ڣ뽫ĹѪ֮У׽ڣռУȻ˶մȾϢΪĶմȾϱ˵Ϣ

Ȼ磬ʱ޿̶ФһС
۪ජŷȻβĨɫ룬ƻĳΪʲôѹסһг嶯أȻ磬ҲѹС

ͬΪ壬ʼ岻ͬġα˽ӣǲͬģǿͷԣΪʲôȥʲô

Ȼ磬ΪʲôҪѹԼԣ֮дȻȥĵ뷨ȥõҡ㣬𣿡
ȻͿԹ˳شߣΪ

壬͸ǵ𣿶Բԣ᰸磿۪࿿ϣ
ʧӦҵá

۪໺ƶΡ
ʱĳһ˲󷨱Եˣ˻ȥ

۪ջر˼˫ţüͷ
һԲķȻЦȻ磬֪ҡҲǱӵ˰ܵ˺ܶ˵Ϣоһֻǿǿħ

۪ڿĺҡĵһۣ͸ܵġԼԼħϢ

ңǻһֻϢħǿǿʲôҲûһμ򵥵ĽӴѣϢȴܹ־õزδ

ΪʲôҪͬȻ˵Щأ
ֻҪ÷Ȼ֪һֻΪǿħĺҡߴͿ

Ȼ磬֪𣿾ڸղţҡڰжһһԹжķ
۪࿴ȻڵȻ磬ǲѹƵúܰ

㿴ҡ㶼뿴㾿жమˣôҪѹ뷨أȻ磬罫뷨ͷųɣҪѹˡ

Ȼ۪һֱ߶߶߶ģƢԽָ⴦ӳһط𣬾ֱ۪ȥ

۪ԭͱϾֻӣСŵֱ˵ڵϡ
ܷȻŭģֻùˡ

۪ܵ˾ţȴǴŵӣƼȻģЦȻ磬ˣ㻹ǲǸˡ

Ǻǣ



һߣĺҡ߳ɽʶӿͼɽѰһ顣
ʱĳһ˲ʶɽȶ档

ɽȶ棬Ȼһɽ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣Ǹɽȥ

ƬӺĺҡһɽǰʶ֪̽ɽڲΣ֮󣬽ɽ

׹ɽڴ
ߣɽڲʼİ޹⡣

ĺҡȥָ⴦ӿֳһĨ䵱ɽ֮á
ǰɽǰһɽû̫ɽڲĹҲƵġ

ĺҡһȥһߴܵ
ʱĳһ˲ɽһ췽ֱͨȥ

ĺҡ뵽˴ǰһɽУ˳סȻĸʶ֪̽صǾ߾޴ĺǡ
ǾߺǱݺύηڵصס

ǰͨͨĿռģ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣һӣǰ̽ȥ
˳ȥԽص֮ʱ¶ҲԽԽߡ

ĺҡⲻ̫ȷ⾿Խص׵ԭ򣬻ΪǾߺɢѹ¡
ΪǾߺѹ£ܹ˸µģҲֻСŹˡ

ص¶ҲԽԽߣߵѰʿܵĳ̶ˣĺҡȴɲκβʡ

ĺҡֻ֪ԼУʹУɻ֪Լܹ͸¡
ԶҽԼеɻѹȥ⽣Ǵȥ

ӹڣĺҡǰ߶ʱ
۴һڶİºӣˮӿŨīˮ͸żֲֿơ

ⰶ԰һ߸ߵʯţڵºϷ
ǰһĻʵ̫Ϥɵĺҡ뵽һ֮ǰ븵һС

ʱһºӣһľš

ĺҡⶢǰʯţ˳˼֮С
лһɽ磬ȥ˱ѩԭһħѩ֮С
ȨɽУΪһ߼Ʒħ
һΣƶؾлһؾΪˡһʲô

Զ԰¼˸һʱĺҡע⡣
ʶ̽̽Ǵ

һڱ֮խƽ̨
ĺҡ⿴Ƿխƽ̨ʱȴȻһ˲

Ƿխƽ̨ϣڷһһߵĺǡ
ЩǱǰڵġǾ߾޴󺡹˵ʮС
ңЩСҲມǣӵ֫Ķﺡǡ
ǡ

ĺҡһ߾ߺǣԺ֮Ȼһ⡣
ЩǣӺǡ
ңʮֹǣЩӺǵĹǼܡСȻһģһûа
Ǵͬһģ̳ġ

ĺҡû۪ԭͣڴ˿ȴһֱ²⣬۪ǻһӹǼܣЩڷŵӺһ޶

Ƿխƽ̨ڵһӺǰһԿס
ʲģԿס

ĺҡ˼һ˲⽣̽Ե⽣ӳȥ
⽣һºϷ𣬱һǿѹϯһ㽫⽣һĽİĵº֮С

ĺҡѸٽ⽣˻ʯϡ
ʯϲκΣϮĺҡԥӹʯţȥ˶԰

԰ĺҡʶ̽Ƿխƽ̨Ϸӳ⽣ֽ俨ڱһбʯ䡣



⽣һտ⻪
ĺҡԾ£⽣ű¼İ͹һһʸ£Ƿխƽ̨Բࡣ

ⷽխƽ̨ʵû֮ĺҡҲЪҪȥ̽һ߾ߺǵ˼һֻ֣ţסǰѹڵһӺǴԿס

ڴʱԭһӺȻ£΢ţҧסĺҡָ⡣
ĺҡЩָ΢һĨӿǾӺǵȥǰԿףջ֡

⽣ʯһԾ𣬻ص˵֮ϡ

ͬһʱ䣬һɽе۪Ȼ˫ۣʶʲô̧ĸסֽŵķȻЦȻ磬ҡΪգԲҪð㰡



ĺҡ̤ʵ⽣˻
ԭǻٿģȴڴʱϵȻ

ĺҡⴹȥĵѵǷȻǱ߳ʲô״
˼ˣתʯȥԭ·ϣɽȻڵǴɽ

Ųɽڴĺҡ⻹ûüһۣʵʦ֣ǲǳʲô¡ˡ
ͱɽķϹۡ

ĺҡֻüŻķৡĳӿ˹
ʶȥסһ

ʦ֣û¶ɣĺҡʵ
һʣһ߽ƮЩ

ͬʱһ£һʮ
һںϵ۸һʯΪ׼ۣʼġ
ȻһʮҲǡʮʯġ

ĺҡ⽫ʮ˳ˣպú󣬳ŷȻȥ
һʮʯЩģڳѯʱûԾѿڶʦ֣ʮʯҪ𡭡

ǡǷʦʮðأ

ĺҡ⻰δ꣬㿴ǰڵëСһſ͸Щ
󣬱һ֮ƮίͰ͵Ʈĺҡ⡣

ĺҡϸŷȻݼɫȥӵʮһʯ

ȻŴðβĿڵҪЩ𣿶Ը㡣

ĺҡԣüͷһȴǳҲ̫Ҫ
շȻ粻ӣղǾ仰϶˵
ôҪʮһʯء

ȻĺҡԥľܾͻȻӿһ޷ֱ˵ίѹ
֮£һƮĺҡǰ

ĺҡƼƮǸ̲סһŶ
ʮʯˡ

Сëе
ʲô
ٵȥǾҪͺˡ

ͺͷСǡͺë

ĺҡ֣ӹʮ𣬽һУɵʦ֣㻹𣿡
ĻͰʮʯȥˡ

ȻһϮѩµĺҡ⣬ɫ͵ͳ롭

ɽֱ۪۾ŷȻڴʲô׵շ΢졣

ȻĳЩùߡ

еˡ

ǣ
۪һԼŵһʯӡ

ĺҡգۣע⵽䴦۪Ȼȥ

Ȼ·ȥĺҡ⣬Ҳ䣬ҿһġ

ô⣡
ֿ
ҵİⰡ

۪ô࣬챻ˡ





88.  ڰʮ   һֻҲ


СҪˣ
ʮ, Ѿÿһںͨʮˡ
Ǹþˡ

ĺҡԣ˼Ƭ̺󣬱߹ȥ, еʮһһڷȻڵĵط
, ̧ʵô䣿

ȻĺҡķȻǲ̫, ͵ͳó󡣡

ʶʲô, ԼղѿڶĻЩ, Ǽ͵ҵ˼˵, ̵һ, ǻǿܵӡ

Сˣ⻰粻ϡ
ĺҡƼԼ̳, ǲÿͲסС˵ʮÿô, ҲǾһѡ

˼ˣĺҡȥ, ̯, ̹ȻҵһԿ, ֪ǲĸԿ, ԡ

ĺҡ⻰û˵, Ȼʱȥһ, ɫ΢΢, ʵָϵ˿ô£

Ȼɻĺҡ⽫̧̧ԼָϵǸѾƿѪӡ, һ˲Ž͵Կ׵ʱ򣬱һֻӸҧˡ

桤ӣòӣѪⶼѾûеӺǡ

ĺҡһ߽ţһջָ֣⴦ӳһĨͼǵƿڵѪȴֺûʲôЧ
ֻҪָһǴѪ֮оѪȻ࣬ǿͦ˵ġ

ĺҡ״˼һ˲ӴռҩͰĶ
ҩǴѪĨȥȻԱָȦ

ȻעĺҡóҩͰ֮˶ĺҡж
ɻû֣ĺҡѾҽ˿ڰ£ת˹

ĺҡ⽫Կ׻һϣߵȻߣԿױȻһĸףȷϾԿ׽󣬽סȻֽŵĸһһ⿪

ȻԿס
ĺҡţתĿ⣬۪࣬˼ֻ۪ͬһխƽ̨һӺ֮Ĺϵ

ȻվƼԼƮʮĬȻ
ԾһĪĳ嶯ѡ

ĺҡȻѾ۪ǰʵ۪࣬ҧҵЩӺʲôϵ

۪ԣݼ͸Щ֮⣬ʵҡ㣬˵ʲôôʲôأ

װɵĺҡҿЩӺˣǵСһģһҲ²ԭʹСӦҲһ޶𣡡

۪Ծɲ⣬Ҳ֪ҡ˵ʲô

ĺҡƳ۪αӵݼһԣҵǰĸƷԸȻһҲҵйصĶ

һ˵ǣӵǲѧͲ֮
ЩͬӺֿġ

۪ԣ̧̧ԶķȻҡȥȻ磬û

ȻһֱעĺҡߵһȥڵûС

Ϊʲôû
Ϊһö˵ʱ޾֮Ʈǧ꣬޾ˮû˰ɡ

Ȼ˵գ˿Լ̺õѣΪתȥĺҡһȺÿůѳʱƼĺҡ⿿ɽʯǰ˯һ㡣

Ȼ߹ȥ̽ĺҡʱ״̬ȷĺҡֻ˯֮󣬲ŷ
עĺҡָ⴦ǴҰ˿ڣȥ⿪Ϲҩֽ֮侫İ

һк󣬷Ȼ̧ĺҡ⡣
۪˹ƻȻ磬㿴ҡڶ԰Ͳһ𣿡

Ȼţֽ˱תȥ
۪״˷һ˲䣬ƼȻĺҡⱧ̳ķСźúһԡ

꣡
۪һʯӣָ⻯Ϊγ
ֻСûˡ
ʱħƭˣ޶֪ȥޡ

Ȼһԣȴĺҡ˯ѡ
֪˶ã̧ɽ֮ɫҹɫ֪ʱѾٶ
ʱĺҡȴûѹ

Ȼһ˲ȥĺҡϣҡ£ĺҡ⣿
ҡ⣿һѣ

ʱʱȻŷЩԾ
ĺҡҪ˯ȻһԵľ˯ȥ˯֮ǰͬ˵һ
ʱһּĪ״̬֮УȻûвһ㡣

ȻȻת۪࣬ù
۪ԣƼĺҡڷ֮䣬ЦȻ磬ʱҲǶ˵𣿡

ҡΪգҪˣðİ۪


һ˲ȻѾ˳ѹ۪ಱ֮ϡ
۪ЦȻԽָңҲ˵ġ

Ȼ䴹һб۪ಱ֮У˵˵
Ȼװ


ҵã

бµ˲䣬һг˹ȥ
ԼƬӣٶѹ֮ʱԼֽŶסˣ߻һ̯ѪԶ

ðΣ̧ȥһϮµķȻɳˣô£

ȻȥһϯȥסֽŵնϣֽһһӰ鸴һ飬Ѹ̵Ӱ鶪˹ȥ

ᰳɵĽӹǿӰ飬ָ⴦ӹһĨеӰ飬̧ȥ
ûۣͿ챻ӰԼˡ
ȥļЩʲô

۽Ǵĳ鴤ӰĻˣһ޿ģ
Ӵ̼
̼ɣ
Ȼ̼úܰ
̼ͷˡ

뵽ȻӰ鶪֮ǰӰĻһ飬̲סˣӰˣ׼

ҵġȻ

˭ġ
᰸һƼһԵĺҡ⣬˹ȵԭҡáŶĺʦð
˵һ룬ͲȻͶĿﷺź⣬æ˿ڡ

᰸Ŀʵĺʦôˣ

Ȼתĺҡ⣬ٵȵȡ
̽ĺҡڵָûκˣĺҡȴ޹ʻ֮С

ȵһĺҡٲȥ
Ȼ˼֮ʱһֱĺҡ⣬ͻȻˣ

ĺҡ⻺ͦһʶ̧ȥڵҾ˵˭һֱ߶߶߶ģԭʦְ

üһ΢΢Ҫҡáĸѿڶ֮ʱ۽Ƽ˷ȻƳĿ⣬ת˻ĺʦãʦأһ֪ɷ

ĺҡһ֪ҪҪʲôöӰ飿
ԡᰵͷ

ĺҡ䴽Ц£ŵʦֲüֲὫöӰóȥУ㲻õĵġ

ǡ
̲סǰٶӭϷȻĿ⣬ЭУݡ

Ȼתĺҡ⣬֪Լ𣿰޹ʻ˯ȥֱղţѹ

ֻҺǰȵ˯һĺҡӦ
֣ע⵽ԼԭİƺЩ򣬲Ҳûʲô̫𣬾ûôˡ

ȻƼĺҡע⵽Ǵ˿ڵİ΢ƿĿ⣬ȴ뵽öӰ֮¡
̶뵽ǰĺҡԾ֮һ֮¡

ĺҡĥƬ̣ڵҲµóʲôԭ¡
һֻ֣Լָ⴦ûϵѪǰԿ֮ʱһӺҧ˿ڡ

ʱûиоʹûô⣬ֱȻָ⴦˿ڣ֪ǾӺǾȻҧָ

۪ˣĺҡƼԶĨѪʵ
šȻӦ

Ҿ۪໹ûֻ˹

ǽЩӺ֮еһߺǣѪֻ˹

һֻӾȻҲò֮






89.  ڰʮ   ڽմﵽΪ


ƶؾ, ߡ
һ޾ƽԭ֮ϣŰһȺʿΧס, Ϻ˻, 

һɢɳͻΧȥ, κΧýǾȻ޼ƿʩ

Ľѩų, Χһֻ޽, תһȥ

ܿ, ȺΧ֮, ҵ˴˵Ϊߵʿλ, һɢɳǲеģҪѴһۼ, һطͻΧնɱһ, Իһ·

Ľѩϴ, ǴӸ֮ѡƶؾĵӡ
, ʶƳĽѩݼߡ
֪Ϊ, Ȼ洫, ⻰ȴĪŷ, ʶͷӦ, ˵öԡ

ӣô뵽飬Ҫص, Ҳ뵽˳оǲЩ޸ɵˡ
лתԼȥ

ҶҵģѡһͬķͻΧȥ
ڸѡĸ˻ߣȴͻȻסˡ

Ľѩ򴽣˼һ˲ƶؾߣؾͻΧȥؾ򡣡
ԣǾѡؾͻΧҪؾȥġ

һԭĴնɱ޵ʿ谭֮볯ŶͻΧȥ

ĽѩҲٶԣսеĳŶͻȥ
õģԼõˮһѰĳ
һɽе򵽵ĳ


֮УһѪⱻƵΡ
ѪĽѩ۽һ˲ȴûǰ¶µˡ

ƶؾΪʮʱѾѧˡ
ҪԼ¶ϣ֮һ۾ͻῴΪڶս֮е

ѪνĽѩеĳϣĽѩⴹȥָ߬Щ

طһգˮԣֻһͨͨĳӮ

ʱΪѾͻΪһʿ㻹磬ȴӮ

Ľѩһ˲˲սеĳŶͻΧȥ
ⲻʿۼߵնɱһͬ˳

Χ֮˽һŲ
Ľѩ⽨ʿ˶Ѿ̧ȥڶʿ֮ѰǵߵӰ

ԭﰡ
ƼĽѩ⣬ԽȺ߹ȥлͫױ͵һСģ

ĽѩԶȻһֻνýݵޡ
ڼգ֮˲ֻ޾Ѿ嵽Ľѩ󣬽ǰ֫߸𣬴Ľѩһ
Ѿգ

Ľѩʶսг


һԲɫҫ£ź֮⡣

ޱ˫ۣŭ״̬ʼĴұ
ĽѩʶһƼһԲ֮ʱһ٣Ǳ֮ˡ

һϮ翳Ӱ㣬Ѹӳгն
ֻһУͽֻڷ޸ˡ

Ľѩ̧ȥԾ΢ţﲻ֪Щʲô

ѩֻ޽֮תһߵĽѩ⣬ƽ
ĽѩĿ䵽ѩǱϣһѪ˳ų֮С

ĽѩŴ߹ȥ벻߹֮š
ðΣҧŴ꣬˹ȥ

䣬ѩֻǾûκβ֮⣬Ʋκε仯ƽˡ
Ľѩ⻺߹ȥ֪ѩϳˣڵ硣

硣Ľѩ²ѩ飬ֻСѾ𣿡

ѩ󲻴Ľѩ⣬עĽѩ⣬ʵһô
һҹûãȥ˺ܶطĽѩشһȥ˶ġ
֮һĽҵפ֮ء

ȥЩطûңû㡣ѩ󿪿ڵ

ѩĻ֮ûκ֮⣬ĽѩȴĪæǰСȥǰ߬ѩһۣ磬㲻Ҫֻһ˳ȥѡ

ˣҪ뿪ˣҪһˡ
ѩƽ

ҲǣûУô᲻ҪءĽѩС˵ţڶƶؾ֮У֮һȥòã

֮ѩӦ˵˾䣺á



ƶؾϱ֡
ӿĵºɫˮһ¼䣬õһӺǺĴһ졣

һĹ˸֮䣬ӺǻѪ⣬ȻƤë۾͡䣬ʱһֻӡ

ֻһ˫Сɵ֮ӹĨɺâ׻˹
΢һԶ䣬һӣһּĽǶȣʸϵ档
Ĺ֮ʱиֳһΣһ۰׵ȹݽᡣ

۪һֻӡ
һֻСֻ޾Ұĵӡ

Ϲʱ𣬷һ彵ɽ磬Ϊͳ֮
ӵǿʵԼɼ

һϹһս֮о𣬷˵û޾С
ֻʣһö˵

۪һμö˵ʱʥ֮С
һǰʥģö˵ʥг˵ֻƿǶ󣬽һֻˡ

һ֮䣬̧ͷǵС£ųܣûǿܣûǿÿһ嶼Ĵڡ

һżȻĻУһֻ׺˺ȣȴ֮䴳ʥ֮С
ö˵
ʸߴ۲쵽ʥ

һ˲룺嶼Լ壬塭ΪʲôԼأ
뽫ʥռΪУΪԼá
֮ͻǷ֮

ֻϧʲôҲᡣ
˵뿪ʥ֮ʱö˵ƺʲôȻ˸һĨ磬

ʱ¼ˣΪԼʥ뷨ˣö˵Ҫɱʥ֮С
ɵ⻪ٶ֮ʱȴȴˣǰµ˶⻪κˡ

ʥ壬㽵һ⻪ܽһа
лصפ֮ÿҹ˾֮ʱĨĹ⻪ԼԽʰͷ
Ϊ֮Ϊ֮

ֻǣͷֱԪ֮ʱûеõһʵ֡
˵ڳ϶ö˵Űˣȥˣȥˣ˵ȴûκζ
ͬһöѾĵ

ڱ֮ʣһˡһħ

һֻССӾҲ֮ͨ·ҸһᣬΪǷ֮
֮ӵ
Ƿ㡣

һ󣬾뿪壬ɽ֮Уǧꡢǧꡣ
˺ܾãǰһ츳Ϊʼ޷һ

˵ʥ֮еö˵ȴûƿǶ

ֱǰǸħֳˣƶؾ
Ǹ޴ķ˺ǡ
ȣ죬ǵΪСĴڡ

ƶؾе˰ֻ꣬Сˡ
һֻȱСˡ
һƿ֮𣬾ӵбȼʿΪ
ΪʲôֻСûдΪΪʲôֻС˲ˣΪ

˵ֻֻС˵ȴû̷Ϊ֮
Ҫģ֮ˣһֻȱС˵ˡ
Ҫ÷ȻﵽΪȻΪķ֮

۪վ߽
Ǿ߾޴ķ˺ǡ



ƶؾ֮УɽУҹ֮֡
է֮ʱĺҡվ߰ɣΣǶȥ̽һ̽Ǿ߾޴󺡹֮¡

Ȼ̧ȥüͷڵǣǻûиΪλ޹ʻԡ
ĺҡֻҪ۪࣬һжġҾӦòϺȡ

Ӧõĵʦ֡
ᰲңʲô

ĺҡ⿴ᰣ֪ǣֻʦй۪Ȼ֮Ȼˣǡ˭ܱ֤ڵѲ۪Ϊ֮أ

˵еȻͬ
תᰡ

ԭ뷴Ƽ˷ȻĿһεðɣ˵еǸ÷ҡ

·ϣĺҡܿ뵽һ£ʵʦ֣ʦ֮ûʲôϵ֮۪˵һʵ

У۪ˡ
᰾ֻӼֱѾ֮еļ֮һˡ
ǣһĺҡһֻһ˪ֻ

ĺҡԣҲٶ˵
˺ܿһɽ֮ڣ˳ֱ£ܿ˵ĸ
ǰͻȻʯŽĺҡռºɷӿİˮ

ĺҡ̧ȥʶ̽԰¼Ƿխƽ̨
ֻһۣ㿴һӺһӺǡ

һʱǷխƽ̨ϵӺȴһӺǡĺҡʾ

ٵǾӺǡӦѪ⣬Ϊµ۪ˡ
ʯţһ·ȴδκ谭Ƕ԰ܵǰȻһ㣬ǽȥ

ʱԽʯźᰳ֮ܵУǲǾǾ߾޴ĺǣ

Ӧǡ
ĺҡӦ뵽ǰʶתȥַȻ΢ü

ôˣĺҡʵ
ȻȻ񣬽мΪܵѹȥŵ֪ΪΣԽҾԽоʣĸо

󣬷ȻӭĺҡйζĿ⣬£Ƚȥɡ

ܵԼһӺǰߺһռ
۴һݺύţ֯ڿռ
һ߾޴ĺǱЩţѲ

һϮ۰ȹ۪Ǿ߾޴󺡹ǰˡ
ŲȻףЦŴк᰸磬Ȼ磬Сҡ㣬ˡ

۪һ᰸硱ӹһ㣬
ĿһתƼ˱ڽ˪

˪Ƽˣءȴ˵

᰸磬ãģôɱ᰸أ۪
һע۪ദһ߳˪֮ȥ

۪࿴ᰵľٶȴûгֹ
Ŀ䵽ȻĺҡϣڵȻ磬ҡˣ벻

ͻȻἰĺҡ⣺
ô¶ͻȻ

ƺǲĺҡ뷨㣬۪Цҡ㣬ָıһۣ֪𣿡

ĺҡԣȥԼָ⴦ı
ԭջһѪǴѪȻѾںڡ

۪Щʵҡ㣬㶼ڣѰʿ޷͵ʹ
ҿҡۣ̲סΪء

ûоʲô̫ʹ
ĺҡĬȻ˵ţָ⴦תͼƳ
ðΣԾ֮ͬҰ㣬޷

Ȼ״۪࣬ʲô
۪ԣЦЦЦȻ磬һֻˣ͸ñȼߵʵӵһƵ

һ˵֮⣬ʲôûСֻҪܹƳԼڵķܾ֮ҡˡ

ҡΪգҪˣôڲأԲԣ

ֻҪȻܹڽ֮ڴﵽΪһܹ֮ҡġ

ӻ񵽴ˣм仹ϡ󾳽磬Ҫһ֮ڳˣǷ˰ɣ

ĺҡǵڡ·ԭ֮УȻƶؾ󣬵ȷԽ׹
ֻǴӻԽһ󾳽磬ﵽΪѡ

һ֮ڴӻ񵽴ˣС˲ᱬ

µǣȻڷȻϿһ˿ɶ֮⡣
ô

Ȼ㡭
ĺҡ⻰û˵ֱ۪꣬˻

۪ҡ㣬ģȻǷ֮Բᱬġ
ΪСѾˣ޷Ȼ֮סȻֻҪץסС˵㣬ĺҡвСˣ˰

Ǳ
ӻࡣ


ĺҡ⾶ֱ⽣






90.  ھʮ   Ȼħһᡭ


ĺҡ⽣, ٶ˵һӣ۪ȥ
ֻ۪һֻ, Ȼ֮, ʲôأ

Ҳ˵۪ûκηľٶֻǾվԭķȻ
ʱĺҡ⽫⽣֮ʱ, ۪תĺҡ⣬Цҡ, ɱһ, ǧҳֵġ

Ȼ϶ǰ, ֮, һһҹ֮䱻޹ʸġ

Ȼ, ôһ¾Ͳµ˰ҵͬ壬ƶؾ֮, ص֮УҼҵͬ, Ҳҡ۪࿪ڵ

һ塣
һʹȫ, Ϊķ֮, ҲʹȫΪס
ʲôõģ

һ, ˪, ȥס˪
۪ⷬ, ŵһ

˪ۼһ, ҲŶ
᰽ŵ𶶰
˪

᰽⿪˪
硭
˪뺰һ᰸硱, Ȼ뵽ԼǰΪһ᰸硱۪ץֹס˻

磬Һ°
˪һμĴ棬ƽֻСС֣ûмôһֻӡ

ᰳɵʵҲˡ
ˣûмôһֻӡ
̼
̼ɡ

ĺҡ۪˵֮ԣüͷ۪ΪνѾΪһ׵׵ķˡ

۪Цҡ㣬֪ȻֶôϲһֻҪĶ͸㡣

ȿȣ
ĺҡ⻹ûüӦǲԶһ⻰ȴ̲סȳ
ػؿ˺ü۷Ȼƺȷʲôһ㡣

۪̲סᰵΪ᰸磬ЩʲôȻȻԪ

ĺҡתȥȻʵʲô
ѲǸ
ǸѲӵʲô⺬壿
磬С˵һεĳë

ĺҡʱ뵽һħ֮󣬷Ȼ׷ɱﲻϰ֮¡

Ȼ˶ȴ̫뽫¸߸ĺҡ⡣
ðΣų⡣

ʲô
ĺҡԣЩ⡣

۪ЦŵǷһİ֮˵ʾãһֻὫ͸Լδĵ¡

ȻƼĺҡ飬ɵʵ͸Եϵߡ

ԭ۪Ľͣһ˵ƽһԵģôһɾ͸һء
һתۣ˷ȻĽ͡
͸Եϵߣ
Ҳִ˰ɡ

ʦ֣ĺʦܵĸ׵ĹػǸ׵׽


һȻת俴ᰡ

м͸ҵ𣿡
ĺҡ˼ţ

ȻҲ֪
֪Լںʱ͸ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡȻ仰ȻԼ֮ʱ
ʱ򣬻ûգͷַȻ̬ȻȻһת䣬һּ鲻̬ȡ

Ȼʱеãʱֲϳϡ
ԭӰ졣

ֻǣȻķʲôʱģ
ĺҡ˼֮Уе⽣ɵ۪ಱ֮ϡ

۪ජĺҡѹĳЦҡ㣬㿴Ȼô㣬ôȥأ

һѰɡ

Сģ
Ȼһӣָ⴦ӿ𣬷Ӷ

۪໰δ꣬Լֱĺҡ⽣һͣѪ

ĺҡȻս
ͬʱһĨָ⴦ӿ˲佫ЩѪ
տѪţһ˿һЩѪ棬ʲôӦ

۪Ƽĺҡľٶþһҡ㣬ϻֻۡǣҵѪôܻʲôӦأзӦġӦȻķ𰡡

ֻҪһκвĺҡľٶԶС˱ض֡
һƷһеĹؼ

ĺҡԣɫ΢䡣
ΪԼµ˵㣬û뵽۪ྐྵȻѾƵʮ˲֮ϡ
˭뵽۪ԼһֻΪ÷Ȼʹأ

ȻȻҲѾ۪ġԡʱȥԼɢķջȻѾˡ

һݺύԼͬ
ͬһʱ䣬סǾ߾޴󺡹ȻĹ⻪
һķ঻ڵ֮У

۪ʬ徲ڵϣĺҡⴹȥһۡ
Ȼһطӳǳ۪½۪ʬһ˸ɾ

Ȼ֮еı䶯ɫ΢䣬ӳһطǰָ̧⡣
㽫ջ֮ʱԶǾߺһণѾĵǴط˲˹ȥ

ȻķѾˡ


ĺҡһӣƾ㣬ٶȸ죬Ǵطǰ⽣ննǴط

ͬʱ˪ʧһд磡ʲô
һӣгĺҡȥ
˪æ׷˹ȥ

зķȻ̧ȥʧȥǵᰴһ

˪׷ȥƼĺҡ̧ȥǴط𣬱㡭


˪гѸٴ̳ȴǴ̽ĺҡ֮С

Ѫ˲佫ĺҡһϮѩѽȾ
ĺҡ΢ŵ⽣ȴûƶ֣ǴطԼ¡

ҡ㣬ҷ֪ʹΪʲô
˪г˽ȥ

̽Ѫɡ˪ûƼĺҡüĺҡŵ⽣ûС
ȫȻ֪̽Ѫʹ㡣

⽣ǴʧصķסֻҪĺҡһĶʧصķͻ·ӽǾ߾޴󺡹֮С
ʱǰĳһʧء

ĺҡⲻܶҲҶ

˪ߵĺҡֽ࣬Լнסĳһӳ˳
ĺҡϵҡ㣬㿴Ѱֱ̽ʹιȥˡ

ҡôһ㷴ӦҲûа
˪ĺҡ紦ӿѪѪʵǲҡҲʲôܰ

ҡ㲻֪ʹһ𣿡

ǸһĹ𣿡

۪࣡Ҫɱ㣡
Ȼ۽ƳԶĺҡһϮѩ¼ȾѪͺۿת
ʧȥǵɲĵ׷Ϯ

˪Цţ۷ȻȻ磬Ҳ˵ֻҪڽմﵽΪȻܹҡ㡣

취һʼ͸߹ˣƫƫأ

˪˵գתĺҡѾ԰Ĵɫҡ㣬ʵһøлء
ҡ㹴Ȼжҵİ⣬Ҳ벻ȫİ취

ҡ㣬֪㽣һطܵǾ߷˺֮ȥᷢʲô𣿡
Ȼħ

㲻أֻ

Ȼڽս˾磬ҾԼˣΪ

ҡ㣬ôѡȻħ֮󣬲ֵңɱԼİ֮ˡȻΪҲɱҡ㡣
˪ƫƫͷʵһѡҡǱĽˡ

Ұ

ĺҡ˱ۣȻԼ˵Ǿ仰ֻҪԥͻܱ


ĺҡ⽫⽣ִ̽ˡ˪
ͬʱʶ̽ѸٳǷխƽ̨
ʶ㹻ǿ֮£Ȼܽɱ˪˪ʶҪԸһʱʶӺǣǿɵġ

˪һȴЦЩֵѽ˵ˣʦ尡ִͬʦ㡣Żͬɱ𡭡

Ƿխƽ̨֮ϣȻһ죬һӺ˲仯Ϊγ
˪ɫ΢䣬ڻôܣôܣֲǴʿôǿʶ

ֻдʿӵǿʶ֮нǷխƽ̨ϵӺǸ˲ɱ

ôܣ
˪ڵԭܣӵд˾ʶŻ᲻ʹ𣿡

òԣ㵽˴˾磬ʿͶʹ
ǻЩʲôµĹﰡ

ĺҡĬȻ⽣ӳǴʧصķ׷϶ȥ
ֻҪٿһ㣬ٿһ㣬ٿһ㡭


ĺҡ⽣ӳ˲䣬նǾ߾޴󺡹֮ϡ
ǰһ˲ʧصķȻԾǾ߾޴󺡹֮С

ͬʱȻϢѸٱǶ𣬺ܿԽ˻һϣת˲Ƿ顣
Ϊڲš

ǰ߾޴󺡹ǴԶ˾ѹȽһնںϵĺҡ˳ȥ
һ֮

ĺҡ׹ڵ֮ϣѪӿ紦Ľ͵ѿٶӿѪ
ϷݺύѸѱϣ

ĺҡǸ޴󺡹ǰһϮӰȻ³һѪ

ȻϢڲܿ͵۷壬ֻһ֮ࡣ
֮ģҲǻڴ˵صһķণħһ㣬ŷȻ˼
һһķণϹʱڶȼվħʱɶԹа

˲ħǶħ
һʥ壬ӵȼһа֮Ϊ貶ҫ۵ĴڣǱջҪҫ۵Ĵڡ

գǸһô簡

Ȼ
ĺҡ

Զڵϵġ˪֮ǰþһ̧ȥֻСѾħԵˣȴΪĺҡһ仰ҲֻΪĺҡһ仰Ӳħ״̬ѹȥ

ֻСĺðĺҡⰡΪĺҡ⺰һС˵ֶѡ
Ϊĺҡ⺰ˡȻ֣

ĺҡ⽣ӵվȻħĻһȿȿȣһ׷ɱҲݣ
һħֻ֮С׷ɱҲһ





91.  ھʮһ   ֮


˴ʱ˿, ĺҡȻЩΪηȻһ׷ɱħﲻˡ
һƷһСģҪЩʲôأ

ĺҡĬȻ

ԶȻԾ, ڴǰٶѾ˺ܶࡣ
ڼѹʲô

ڵϵġ˪þһ, ͼʸǾ߾޴󺡹ǰѪ, ڵϻһѪߡ

۪ǽᰣԴ̽Ȼ
Ȼ֮ͬеǿ֮, ƻ, Ƚ˪ץߡ

ȵѰ֮ʱ, ۪ٽᰵ, ͬ˷Ȼ, Ȼĸǰ
ᰵļ֪֮ĺҡĴڣĺҡĻᣬһС

֮, ۪Ȼ֮˪, ˪һͬΪܿƵġһĴڡ

ۻʲô, ۪ҪôΪ֮, Ҫôͳ׻ٵС, ħ
Ψһûϵ, ĺҡ, Լ伸˵ʶ, ٵһ·

۪Ҫˡ
Ѿ֪Լ˶꣬һǧꡢǧ꣬ǧ, һһ֮ͬػѪ⡣

Ϊ
ɷ˵ͬ塣

۪಻ΪʲôֻСʧȥ
ڼǧǰС˻һö˵ʱö˵һĨĹ⻪ȴ˲
Ϊʲôƿ֮ʧȥ
ر

۪ɴ۾ָŬǰţҪȥʸǾ߾޴󺡹֮ϡ
Ѿûˣʶɢ

ˣҵġ
۪࿩Цţ˪ϵһʶʧ



Ȼ۾ŬȥЩңң֮еĸ졣
һһণϹʱͬİ

ĺҡⶢŷȻĬȻΣָ⴦ӳһĨ⣬ʼԼơ
طĿĿһ֮£ָܿ
Ψ紦ǵɳ̴ѪԾѪ߼򡭡󱳶ѾȾĺɫ

ĺҡŴ򵥽Ǵ˴󣬱ٶ̧ԶķȻ

ֵʱᰴӻ״̬ѹǰ״һ㶡
۪Ѿòˣ᰺˪ʹõȻ֮ȻҲͱ⿪ˡ

ǰƵЩһԶû
ƼĺҡӰ߹Ŀĺҡϵǵ֮ϣ΢˲˿Щ

ᰲδѹ̫Ļ˲䴫벻ԶȻ֮С
ͬʱ۪ǰǷͬϡڽ֮ڴﵽΪҡͲ˰

֮ٴһķড
ĺҡת俴һᰡ

ʶʲôû˵꣬
ĺҡ⣬ˣš

Ȼһ٣˰ﲻġ
ĺҡ̧һ۱ڲԶķȻͷߵʼΪԼˡ

ķת֮С
֪˶ãһķণһ

֮ʱĺҡǰȻ
Ļտ繣ԲԶȻһĨȸ߹ҵջҪҫ۶財

һķԶ
ĺҡŷԼʶһ¼õĵϡ
֮ϴůķ磬ع׹ǰһоö͡

һĨȻڵϣ߳һϮµķ롣
ĺҡ̧ȥλǰĳʽͬһԽʱ䳤ĳʽһģһ

ĺҡʶԼƺͨĳطʶϹʱڵķ˵
Ƿ˵

ĺҡƼ뵺УԶһ̤˵

˵󣬴󵽵ʮֻˣü
ĺҡⲻŷǰ߳ȥʮಽѣѾ˺üֻ̱ڿտ֮ɹ̫ķˡ

˵ϣĵǷˡ
һһķ˷Ϊ˵ö

ͬʱĺҡЩȴ뵽ں֮һһড
ǴԭΪͷΧԾЦݺȻЩ

뵺Уڷ˵ϡ
һ·ϣзţչƺͬǵ峤к

ĺҡ̧ȥЩĴ˽չסա
ҲȻС˻ûг׳ĴˣȻС˺ܶࡣ

һ·ǰУ˵ġ
һøƵͩӣռ˴˵
ڸߴ֮ͩϣʮö˵
Щ˵˵ϻδƿǵķˡ

ߵͩ£ɶɶһ
£Ǵ֮춯

ϻһϻ֮
ͩ߳һλȹŮӣòţһͷ˿ס
һϻˡ

ĺҡվڲԶƺµʲô
λСɶŮӾǷȻĸĸס
Ƕ
Ϲʱ˵϶͸żΪ͵ķΧ

ĺҡ񣬲֪ǿøߴͩ¡

ع׹߲Ͷ
ʱϦ֮ʱһѩӰӴͩϵĺҡʶȥӡ
ǵӰԽģϡ

ĺҡ⿴ѩӰӵģһö˵
ö˵䵽ϣ΢΢һ˲˳ĺҡűߣ˳ȥ

ĺҡǰУݷ۸Ȼһö˵ʱ򣬾ϲŹž͹޾֮С
˼ˣĺҡ׷˹ȥ

ʱλСɶŮӶûзǵķֹȥˣڽ̸š
ĺҡ׷ȥԼἰ֣ۡŲһ٣Ⱥݷ֮£Ҫȥ׷öƤķ˵

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡٶ׷˳ȥ

ͩһ࣬ڳɶҸ㣬ۼһСһýС
ǸСͿһھͺ۽Сѡ

ҶˣСﺰҾͺǰݷΪСѣҿ𣿡Ĺĵĳ
ɶЦᣬᣬðɣ

뱻סֲŵҸȵǣۿڵһ仰ǸСǲ㡯

˵ǶôϵĴ·۶һǧˣôȻȤһһСô׵ķʽ

»᲻ϰ

ɶȡЦ㲻ݵ⻰գһͱʱ˭Ҳġ
ʵǸСأ

ýģȻȥܰ



˵Ե
ö˵һ·ܿ͹޾֮С
ĺҡ׷ʱƼ˵ӹһ˿⻪ʹ޾֮Ư

ĺҡ⿴һۣö˵ֻƯڷ˵ˣ˰ϣö˵
û뵽߰Сڻһö˵ʱô

ԶϦб䣬޾Ե˺һӣų
ûãͷԼ͵͵ܳ׷˳ڷ˵ԵƯ޾֮ϵķ˵

뱧Լ̣£̰𵽴ܣᵣĵġ
СȻ˵һûƿ֮ǰҲϲô͵͵ܳҵ̡

ת˵ȥ
еķ˵ζһ£õʾ⣬Լ̸߸߾̣Ҵ

뻰䣬λûһ硣
һֻӵлķ֮ӳĻ֮¡
貶ҫ۵ķתĹ⻡ҹĻ֮ٶһա

ĺҡ⻺վҹĻ֮µķˣʧ
һþһνϹʱ
һôԻ͵ʢ

֪жãֻֻգ֮ɡ
ĺҡһþ֮Уһǵڴˣͩʮö˵һһƿǶ

ƿ֮ʱؼΪ併󣬰
ֻʣһö˵δƿǡ

ԤеԼƿǶɶһؼ룬ΪԼȡһ֡
̣֮󣬾ͽȻա

̣зȻ뱧Լҵķ˵
תȥҪѶȥۺϳɣҼ̵ƿ񡣡
һÿʢһƿ֮һҪ

ֳѶӳ˵⣬ɽȥ

ĺҡ״ȴѶʧķ
Сʱƿˣôкء

ԽԽȴֻӵϳһ˻Ѷϳɳһ
ֱһյǰҹȴʼղһѶ

̲סɶ˵ôѶǲȥĸ֪ؾȥˣ

ݵǿѶ㲻ǰҲһѶġɶ²ΪݵȥĵطǵѶ޷֮
ԣԤУҵվͻƿˡ

ҹɫ»ˮ˵С
ͩϣֻʣһö˵
ö˵ϣܾ»շ

ĺҡվͩ£ƽˡ
Щʲôأ
ⲻһþʼնֻһԹߡ
Ͷ㲻ϡ

¸գ޾֮ƽ޲亣ȴвӿ
һĺڵӴӰǱ뺣ǻ˫ۡ

ħ޾򣬲ʱʱ䣬ѾƬռ
Ǳ˵ϣϢ

ʱĳһ˲һ˵ϵķȫѡ
Ƭ
һֻһֻ޴ļŵ۾Ư޾֮ϣǽͶ䵽˷˵ϡ

ǡ
վͩµĺҡһ죬ͩΨһһö˵

ĺҡ̧ȥʶ̽ſѩ׵Ͽʼֳһϸ΢ѷ졣

˵һ֮ϰٵ
ƺƴ󣬾ƵͩΪ֮һ˲

ĺҡƼͩϵö˵һϹͼͩķΧȥ
ѩ׵ǵϸ΢ѷ컺󣬺ܿʹʶۿĳ̶ȡ

ö˵ڰ͹ƽĵϹüΪǵѷҲ֮š
ʱĳһ˲ͩȻһķড

һֻŻķˣŻķ˲ֻͬһĹ⻪
зһ壬ͨԣȴÿŻһֻӵˮ˫Եķˡ
˾ޡ
ǷȻĸס

ʱһ̣ĺҡ֪Ȼĸһֻˣӵˮ˫Եľˡ
ΪߵһֻΨһһֻమǵ̻ʷΪǿһֻˡ

Сƿ֮ʱΪ͸ģ
ӵһΪʢڶڴĿƿǶ˿ŷ˵Ѫᡣ

˵ϣԽԽķȼЩħײһ
ķЩվȴԽԽħͼϷ˵

ڵϵö˵Ŭȥƿ֮ʱҲԽԽˡ

ʱĳһ˲ĺҡа㣬̧ȥ
޾Ϸֻӵлıɫȼһ͵͵һ

Ψһɫ⻪öķ˵ϣḧһ㣬漴û˷˵С
˽һ͸̡

ö˵Ȼһ٣ӵϱ
ѩ׵ϵĨѷԽԽ󣬿˵ϵķҲڲС

ĺҡ⿴һϮ۵ϳ˺գ˷ߡ

ϳɣҺ̵ƿ֮գһҪ̵ƿǣһÿʢһ񡣡н߬Ǵϻ壬

һῴġ
λûһ磬ӳһֻӵлķˡ
ȼԼķȻ޾֮ϡ

һкϯȥ
ϳҲ֮˳ȥ

˵ϣֻһøƵͩԼöȻͣεķ˵

꣡
ѩ׵ڳѿķܿϯ˵
Ļ֣֮ȴް
ûһֻʱԾ޾ʥ

޾֮Уиǿħһֻ˵ĵ쳣ǿв
Ҫֻ˶ɱ˵ϡ

ঽڴʱ޾֮ϡ
޾ϣֻΪǿķȼԼһ𣬽˵ϡ
קβȾ˺С˽ۼͼȥЩ

С˺ľһǰֻɢӰ
ӵΪǿȲǰֻˡ

ౣ
СδɣֻһᵥëþһëҲʧȥ˹
ľǱȴʲôҲˣһϢڵϡ
ССһţë

̰һҲԣʱͩҺﵣĵúܣĺö°
ԴȥС˷ԼϣһδĻ֮ϡ


ɷȼԼķﻹһλᡣ
СҲȼԼķ

Ļ֮£ֻ˴С˷Ӷ΢΢βʧȥѤĹ󣬱ʴ
͸Լ嫡ʢһ֮

֮Сһԡ
˵޾֮Уղա
һȼ޾֮ϣǧδɢ

ʱȼһöѩ׵ķ˵Ư޾źӿǰš
һ沨ľ

ö˵޾Ưá
ʱĳһգ̤ö˵ᱧǸˡ

ĺҡˣԵı

Ľˡ






92.  ھʮ   Ǻʱ⽻


Ǳʵɵı, ˡ
ݷ۵ıˡ

Ѱ޵ıǶȴˣļ٣޸Ŀܡ
һʵı, ôأ

Ľ, Ƕȴ֮ʹһʹ
, о̫ʹҲ֪Ƕȴ, һ˲ʹࡣ

ʹ, һ, Ȼ
ĺҡǱѾϿĳ, ߹ȥ
ݷݼκʹɫ

ݷֻǴƽԼеö˵, ĳʵǽзȻǷͻɶȡ֡

˵ѾûˣҪȥʥ
ݷضϽ, ŷ˵޾ȥ

ѾˣҲ, ֻʥ֮и֮, һ, ٴƿ

С, Ժ󡭡ûˡݷ

ĺҡ׷˹ȥ, ȴݷһϮѩӳԶ
Ƽҫ֮, ݷһīת˲˰ѩһ˪

С˸һƿ, ȼԼһķþԼеľԼȫΪ
Ψһһֻƿ֮վӵбȼΪķˡ
ֻ, һȼһǱҲŷ˵ĳûɢˡ

ʮǰʥ֮УܵλӵСˡƿǡˣȴĻϲΪֻˡ
峤ϷСƿ֮ʧȥĴΪʧȥʧȥǱ

С˳ֻˣӵз֮⣬岢κˡ
Ҫһʼ

ʮǰ峤ϽСɽ磬С˰뽣С
ʮʱ䣬С˴ӺΪ۷壬Ϊڴʦ֣ΪݼӢϵĵһ

˽ԳƷȻδڣ֪ƿһգΪĴ֮һ

ĺҡ⻺ȴ᰾Ȼ
վתȥͷֲԶȻǾ߾޴󺡹ǰΪֿʼѸ

ǡ
ȻԼ֮ǰЩ䡣
ȼһ屻𣬷˵û޾֮Уɶǰ䡣

ΪҪǣȻǰǾ߾޴󺡹Ǿ˭
ڷ˵ϣģֻзһֻˡ

˷Ȼһʢķ֮񣬿ĺҡȴûǳþ֮п볹䡣
٣亡ǲ֪ǷһΪγ

ĺҡ˼ˣܿ²˴˿̷Ȼ˿롣
ȻΪǰ߾޴ĺǷ֮Լ
Щ޾Թ·Ȼһ㡣

۪ȷŵһƷû߾޴󺡹֮ʱȻħԭ

ĺҡߵȻߣȻѡ
侲һ㣬ҪǰһĻԻˡ

Ȼ͵㲻㲻֪ģʲôҲ֪
Щ֮ɫۿ΢졣

ֵʱǰ߾޴󺡹֮ٶһķড
Ȼһӣ˹ȥ

ĺҡʶȥָ⴦ֻüȻһۡ
Ȼ⻪ƺΪӦһ㣬ȻһĨӰ
ķ

ڱڵ֮еǾ߾޴󺡹˵ȻķҪСϺܶࡣ
֮ʮѣδɳΪյĴˡ

ĺҡͬӳΣȻߣתȥȴһ
Ƽ˷Ȼ۽δһᡣ

Ȼ۽ţǵỬȥûǰǾߺ֮ϡ

ĺҡͻȻ䷢Լ֪˵Щʲôˡ
˵Щʲô
ܹ˵Щʲô

ȻǰƿʱԼĸĸԼǰͬȫˣķ˵Ҳû޾֮ˡ
ʱССһŵСʲôҲˣƴȫԼҲ޷Щ˵

ǵĽҵĸһ㡣
Ҳʲôˡ

ĺҡ˳Ĭ֮Уԭȥֹֻ

ȻķӰűڵ֮ϵǾ߾޴󺡹ȥ
һķ쳹ڴˡ

ȻƼĺҡݼ鶼ˣ̲סĺҡ⣡
ô£

һʱЩͷԣ֪Ȼĺҡһһ֮䷢ʲôʱ򣬿ʱܹ㶵ʱ


᰼ԼıŷȻȥͼֹȻΪ

ڴǰܹȻսãܡ
ɷȻ۷壬ᰲӦԵ˷Ȼһ

ᰲųһͱȻ˳ȥ
͵أӿһѪȳѪ
ٶվ૵ˣ㾹Ȼôص֣


ĺҡе⽣΢΢ţĺҡ˼˲

ĺҡղżħϵ˼̲סüͷ
ǻڹȥ֮µˣΪһػϹŵĻþȻ˿̵״̬һ֡ʲôõģһħɡ뷨

Ľұ飬ԼȷĽѩ֮£ϣֻ֪ߡ
һԼһħ¥磡

ǳϹŵĻþԣЩĪ
ǷȻļ䣬ΪʲôҲûܹһϹأ

ĺҡ뵽ƶؾ֮ел诣ĬȻ
⽣ŷȻǰǾ߾޴󺡹ǻնȥ


տ֮ʱȻֽĺҡһ⻺ġ
Ȼת㾹ȻҪٵΪʲôΪʲôҪٵ

ǵտ⻮ƷȻģѪ˳֮лȥ
ȻԾɻȻһ㣬⽣ĺҡ⡣

Ȼ侲һ㡣ĺҡѾƽˣһʼ˵ģ˵Խòġ

Ϊûлָ䣬ûм֮ǰЩ顣Ȼɫڶˡ

Ȼڶ˰˵Ѿû޾֮ˣûϳ

Ѿٶȳ˹ĺҡѾָʶһ
մǰ񷢷ķȻҲֻĺҡȰ˵סˡ
ĺҡҲòˣﲻ

᰻֪֮ͦԼ̫ǻѷȻġ
ĺҡȻ֮ĶԻɳǾ˵Щʲô
ô͸оһǸأ

ĺҡ⻺̧⽣ָǾ߾޴󺡹ǣȻʵΪȷ߾޴ĺǾǷǰŹ𣿡

ȻڵҲ֪ȥ԰Կء

ܾúܾǰи˸ң˵Сˣ󡭡ûܹˡȻһأ

ĺҡָ΢΢߬
š
Ǿ߾޴ĺǷǰĺǡ

ֵʱǾ߾޴󺡹֮ٶһķণƺڰЩʲô㡣
Ȼˣлָٶȱڡ
ϢٶϣŴ˾ȥ


ĺҡӳ⽣Ǿ߾޴󺡹Ƕȥ
տնƱҪһߺǳ׻ȥ

ͬһʱ䣬Ȼƺǰĺҡ佣֮ȥ⽣С

ĽٶȻƷȻơ
ĺҡɫ΢ϳѧ˶ʮĽѧȥˣ

㽫ѧȥ𣿡
ĺҡȻ֮Уָһ˲ȴֺܿ챻һķӰ죬⽣

ĺҡ״ᰣ㻹
·ˡԣӦгǳһ߾޴󺡹ǻնȥ


ᰣȻɾԲһƷ˳ȥ

ᰣ
ǰɣ
Ըĺҡ⣬ѡԲУԸͺݺݵش

Ȼ⽣Ѿ̽ƹ֮С
ȴɲϷ֣Ҳҷ֡
ڤڤ֮УһңԶҪ֣Ҫ֣ҲҪ˺ˡ

ͬʱһͬϣֱ治١
˭ģ

ĺҡȻϢѾٴ˾ޣ΢ۣս⽣ֲֻԥ

Ȼĺҡ׼⽣ʧҲˡ
䣬ɫ⻪

ȻȻſе⽣佣Ǿ߾޴󺡹նȥͬʱķӰѾǾ߾޴󺡹֮С

һɿֲϢ˲ϯȱıĺҡ⡣
Уо̫ʹɻˣѪ

ɿֲϢϯĺҡ紦ǵٶѿѪû֮ϡ

Ȼ
ĺҡ̾

֮ϣѪȻ֮лѪһ

ȻԼϵǵˣƼĺҡ紦ǵˣħһ㡣
ȥ

ֲϢϯС

һѾʧصķ֪ʲôԾ޴󺡹зӳЩѪɣֻص˷Ȼġ
ʲô˳Ǵطص֮С

Ȼˡ
ʲôʱ򽫷⽻ĺҡ⡣

ڼңԶһˡ

ͱһ
׷ɱﲻϰݡ
ȴûӮ⡣

㣬ƾ֣ΪλҪһ֣
޾ݵֻ֮У֣һ

絶Ӯ𣿡

Ӯ
ˡ

Ӯ⣿
Ӯ






93.  ھʮ   Ҫɱ


絶ն콾
˭Ӯأ

Ȼԭ, ȥǴطȼ

ĨΪģһһƷ͸ĺҡ⣬һҪȥ˺ǰ, Ҫɱȥ˺˵κ顣

Ҫȥɱ
һ̫ˡ
ֻҪڵʱ, ;ԲáҲĺҡˡ
ֻеĺҡɱ֮ʱһͬ, ЩѪںһ֮ʱƷ֮صĶŻص

ǡʲôҲû
ûб, Ҳûȥɱ
ջǱ, ߵһͬĽ

һ, ħȥ, ׷ɱҲݣ紦ͱһ, Ѫս֮ϡ
һħ˵Ҫ׷ɱҲݵ
Ҫɱ

Ȼ, ﵽ˴֮䣬ȴʼ޷һ仰˵
ڷ֮еЩ̫, ҳ

ĺҡ͵ʹ, Լе⽣, ҲŷȻб޾Ⱦɡ

һ, Ȼħ, ħϵͳһŶѡ
ħ, δɱ¾Ⱦ, ܹ־Եѡ

ħͱħġ
ȻǱЩϹʱһȫ֮󣬷Ȼʧȥѵ, Ӷɺǵɱ¾ߡ

ĺҡ⾲ţ˼Ž취

ֵʱǰ߾޴󺡹֮ϴĿֲϢȫ渴գһķ
ЩʴȻٶȶʱӿ˲٣˲佫Ȼû

ĺҡѸ˾
ָ֣ŸһȻʵĺ֮ʱ㱻һֻ׽ס

ĺҡתȥĿײ˫֮С
ȻһϮ¶Ⱦɺһɫ

˲ħǶħ
ڷһԣʥ壬ǳΪħǶ䣬ǵŢð

ĺҡȻ俴Ȼ˿̵ˡ
˫֮бڣȴĪһ˿Ծ

㿴ҡΪգҪˣô㰡ôȥ
ȻʧԺ֮Ȼһ


ԭǰ
Ϊ᲻ãһעһƷ⽻ĺҡ⡣

ʲôȻɳʵ
ĺҡָ߬⣬δ

ȻϢȴڴʱٶϣѾ׵˴˾硣
ת˲ϣת˲飬ת˲ˡ
ʥ壬ҲĴڡ

ƶؾ֮УؽȻۼؾϷ
ŷȻ״˵һ˲췣Ȼ£˲佫ѿ
ط˺ѿ׹ġ

һ̣ƶؾ֮еʿܵһڵ𶯡
˲ԼͬĿͶؾϱؾۼĽơ

ʲô췣
˭췣
˼ĿԶ
κǵʶǿ󣬸޷ʶͶƶؾȥ̽

ƶؾ棬ط˺İĵº¶ҲǾ߾޴ĺ¶
޾ϣԶĻ֮µĽҪӺˡ

Щڶϣܿ콫ؾĴĻ
ĺҡԴڷ˵ǳþ
޾֮УħŰռƬҲռ˷˵ϷĻ
գ⡣

Ȼĺҡ֡
ָ֮ϣ總֮ң޷ɢ

һΣǻĺҡʵҪʲô

ͷ֮ϣؽƾۼ췣ƴҪΥ־С˳նɱſϰݡ

Ȼ̽һĨ⣬䵽ĺҡ˵ָϣЩȥ
ſ֣Ḳĺҡ紦ǵ֮ϡ
ΪˣЩʧҲһͬˡ

գ֮䣬ĺҡ紦ǵ˱㳹ױָ

㿴ҵΪص˾֮ҵЩͻˡȻ͵
ĺҡȻ̧ȻԾǳʵҪʲô

¶ˣǾ߾޴ĺǵȷҸ׵ġȻƴһ߾޴ĺƶؾ֮С

߾޴ĺ֮УֻһǡҸ׵Ѿ߷˳Ѿ̤ˡǷȼ֮ʱΨһ㶫ˡ

ǽƴľ޴󺡹ǲµһƶؾ֮УѰҷ񹬡

ǿǾǿ񹬵ԿסȵʱǿǿԿ񹬡

Ȼ˵ţͷ֮ϵЩؽ֮Уɫƴҡҡ׹ʱ׼

ĺҡüͷֻһֻˣڣ˭ܿ񹬣

ԵġȻ
Ҳԡĺҡҡͷ

䣡
ڶ췣ȻȻΣǺȻ췣ĺҡ⵲ǰ

ԷȻֶǵӰչ߰ͷ­Ҫס˰ȻĻǰ

Ĵ֮УǾ߱סľ޴󺡹ڵڶ췣֮£˲仯Ϊγ
ԭδɢȥҲһ췣һͬɢ

ڶ췣ؿ֮ΨһƴСѩ׺ǡ
Ȼȥǿǻ˹ĺҡС

ĺҡʶջ֣ܾǿǡ
Ȼ͵ĸǰΨһһֻˣֻñ˫Եǿ

Ҳǡĺҡ
ԵġȻ

Ļ֮ϣؽƼĵ췣ϯŷȻ
췣ߵÿһ췣ǰһ췣Ѱ
ǵӰһ췣֮£ȻһķŸ߰ͷ­

ţĵ췣ȻķӰɢ
Ȼȥĺҡ˫γ֮ӳĹɫ

ʣ췣
Щʼؾطɢȥô죿
֮£ܵӰģƶؾϱΧЩӡ

ǱЩϹʱӰ죬ʼŰһ棬еķ׼Լͬ顣
ŰȥԽԽʿܵӰ졣
ǿʼɱ

췣٣Ȼĺҡ͵췣漰ķΧ֮⡣

Ȼĺҡ
ԷȻһУǸ׷ɱôõġ

ĺҡ׷ȥȻһ١
׷ɱôõġ

ȻħĻһ׷ɱҲݡ
ǵԼǰ˵ĻֻǷȻô˵һ
ȻΪʲôҪǸ

ǵ⣡
ĺҡ΢£ƼȻλһ磬һֻŻķӳ

Ϲʱ޾ڱΣǰС˴˱ո貵Ĺ⻪
ȼҶҫ۵ĹâأŰһһɱ

ͬʱ췣ٶֱСȥ
СչβڵƬơĻԣС˵μΪС
ڴ˿̣СȴĻ֮ҫ۵Ĵڡ

һ쳹֮䡣
ؾ֮еʿһ
ؾԭӰʿΪһһָѵʶ

ˣǷˣ˳
ǽڵķȻʲô
뽫ЩӰȫ𣿡

ĺҡ̧ȥĻ֮µСˡ
ֻصһþ֮С

С˲ƿǶٵıͬһһǰǰɶǰͬǰ˵ǰû
ƴҲ޷ء

ǰһĻǰ֡

ĺҡⴹڴ˿Ȼӿ
ؾ֮еӿ

Ѿǽ𵤺ڣ˿۶û֮У˲ƴӽ𵤵ԪӤĽڡ

գ֮䣬ĺҡʹӽ𵤺ڽԪӤڡ
۶

Ļ֮£СͷųԼķ𣬽ݶЩ£Լ
ͬʱ֮еߵ췣֮пֲ˲ϯ£Сȥ

СһѾǰ췣֮ʧȥѤ
ߵ췣ǰһչСȻԣ͵һ׹
ԾδϨ

СȻڲ֪ƣͷԼ𣬽ЩݳȥϹһһ

췣ڳͷͷĲͷΪͷΪʥȴԶħ
췣ƱҪֻķ˳䡣

ؾ֮еĺҡӿ
Ѿ׵ԪӤڣ⻹ҪײС

ʱ˿̣ĺҡϴһңԶд
⣬ǲڸħġ

նħħħʲô
硭Щħɣܹ̻üΪǿֻܹܿࡢ췣С˸
ħģǣֻСˡ
ֻС˴˰

ĺҡĬȻЩͬԷһ㡣
ɳϵĳۼϢҲԪӤڿʼ

ʱͻԪӤڵһ˲ĺҡ͵ؿȳһѪԭ԰ĴΪѪȾȴǶЩѪɫ
Ѫɫ

ԪӤڣѾĺҡĿǰļˡ
ʮǰŴӽڽ𵤺ڣȴѾԪӤˡ
ǻˣĽٶأ

ԪӤЩʲôأ
Լк˶ǿǡ

ѩ׵ķ֮УȻӳһĨ磬Զȥ
ĺҡ̧ȥǵΪָһ㡣
ŵķҲ΢ů⡣

ҪȥѰ˵еķ
ĺҡ˼һ˲һӣǵ֮

ԼƬӺĺҡⱻǵһտ֮С
ĻУĺؽԾһ췣

ǵ˴Ȼͣ
ĺҡܵԼеķɢԽԽ̵֮⣬̧ȥʶ̽ȥ̽Ŀտ֮

ĺҡջʶȴһ񣬵Ҳ
ҲǴ񹬡

Ӧ֮С
ȥѰܴңң֮Ѱ񹬣
񹬵ӰӶҲŷԿףأ
ŶûС

˺ա
Ǵ˾ʿġ

ĺҡ߬еķǡ
սе⽣
⽣ڴʱȻտĹ⻪


ĺҡ⻺̧⽣Ĵӿ⽣
㣬Ƿ⽣£

Ҳ񹬣޷ͽֽ˺ѡ
н
еĽԿ

ĺҡе⽣һ޶ı
ա

⽣˵⣬տҶ貣Ǳ֪


տնȻնǰ˺ѳһѷ졣
һϸ΢ѷ죬ɾ㹻ˡ

տʼһĨ磬ӿ翪ʼ

ͬһʱ䣬ĺҡϯһϮ
ĺҡ̧նǵת˲⡣

֮ǵѷڲеķֳԼ
ͬʱĺҡתȥ

û뵽޻ͦģ
ԶֳһԺ֮߳һӰ

读߳ĺҡеķǿ˺һѷǽû׼һȫʬ

诼ĺҡȻɫ΢ڵǲǻûмħ壿յһμħ壬Ըɵ˰

л䣬˵
诺һл䣬ȴûлӦӦתƳȥûƼлӰܻл䣬ʲôأǶˣ㻹ô벻ˣ

请һξԲҪһ񣡡

ԲԶ֮Ȼֳһл仺Ӻ֮˳ֲһġ

ԣһ
ħӲҪСħһƶؾû׼жЩء

ĺҡ̧л诡
л仺֣ñߣ漴󣬿ĺҡ⣬ü£΢

ҡˣּ

ޣʶͰѷǽûħһޣܴùħ𣿡






94.  ھʮ   ҵ̰μ㣬


֮, ǵĺҡѷڲ
нյǿɢżȵϢڷ˵⡣
еķ֮ӦԼԽˡ

诼ĺҡԾɲϽеǿ, ٶȳС, 𾴾ƲԳԷư
ĺҡƽڵҪǣԼá

ƽ, 诱ˣȴ޶˴˼֮⡣
, һ, ĺҡ⺷Ȼ֡


ĺҡ̧⽣, տ˲, ն诡

诵ֶβ࣬ȴ㹻ԡ
诵, īǶħǡ
ħǾۼħǱնȥ课ͻˡ

տ, Ϯȥ
ĺҡɫ΢Ĵ˲ӿ, ⽣
ӿ, ֮ʱ

ֻһӦƶؾ֮С
ӦΪֻڻڡ
ħߴħ֮, ȨΪǰ, Ϊĩ
һӦΪ, ȲȨǾӦΪ

գ֮, 诱ĺҡ⽻, ĺҡ⽣֮£˼

͵Ťͷ䶢һֱԹ۵л, ڵл䣬ô¶ħƶؾԵġ㲻ô֣

лת̹Ȼսؾ֮ʱҲҪ֮ʱ𣿡
̯֣

л㡭
ҧī¶Ƕħ

ĺҡ̧ȥһǶħǡ
ħһӦſʼչΪ

ڡ
ֲûд
ֻǡ

ĺҡ⽫ĿͶԶĻµؽơ
ؽƼ䣬ߵ췣ҡҡ׹ȴ֮Уһֲǿ췣;֮ơ

ĺҡսе⽣
ûжʱˡ


⽣ն֮£ٶտ⳯诶ȥ
һΣÿһȫΪ

读ƶ֮һڣǼϮĽ⵲¡
ȴû뵽ĺҡ⼸֮󻹲һ⡣

ͻ诵ĵ͵֮ϣ
αݺһңɢһ˲

һ֮£Ȼˡ
С޾Ȼˣ

̧֮ǰ˵ʲôҡţ
ǲÿҡĶô诲Сޣħ֮һҡûУ

ָл䣬СޣħǸҡģħɱġ

ħ޶ĺ֪Ǹҡ˭ħǸҡ£ɱǸҡ⣬Ȩλġ

诸ɶɶУߵǷǵһ
лЦЦĳ㵹˵

诲Ųл˰ɣɱһҡ⣬Ҳɱҡ⡣
ĺҡŶ

ڴ˿̣ĺҡѷ쳹񹬵ֳ

诼״ϲԣȴڰжл䴫ֳˣǽǶһҡСһ֮С

Ҳȥлı飬ֱ˹ȥлƣŷڵĺĺҡȥ

ĺҡ̧Ϯ诡
ڶڻڵһ


⽣ⱻ̧տ仺̶ӿֳ
ĺҡһӣǾֱԾ೯诶ȥ

诼ĺҡԥĳ˹ʶ뷨ǣСǷ˰ɣ
һŽԪӤĽޣҪͬ񾳽棬ֱӲ
СǷ˰ɣ

诵뷨Ȼ仯˶ݵľš
ĺҡһӣ⽣ӳտ⣬һּĽǶ뷽նͷ䡣

ĺҡԥĽǶħǻȥ
͵ԼͷԭħǵĵطȴֻһƬѪĶ档
һħǣˣ

ʶһŭŭӿ

ӦȻûˣ

ĺҡΪӳһѾߡ
诼״Ȼȥ
Ҫ͸С޵塣
Ҫɱˡ

㡭
ˡ

͵˳ȥȻһ٣˼鴹ȴ͸Լֻ֡
һֻ԰׵µ֣޳ǽڷ

ִֻմѪ
ɺ죬ȴ޶˹ޡ

л㡭
诸һֱֻȻ˻ȥ
ƬƬѪǴѪ֮ӿҲ˵һ仰

ԵڵϣѪӿ
ŰĺȻɢл䣡ȻǡȻɱȨ

л佫ջأһѩԼֻһһøɾˣֲ̧
üһһǴŶǵĹޣȴڴ˿ЦЩ⣬ͬĺҡһ㣬ҡˡ

ʣһʶȻ۾ۼлԽȥǸҡˡСޡ
ôܡ

ҲûףΪħǸҡǰӵдСޡ

лĺҡǰҡˣּˡ
л䣬¥ĿΪǺͷ񹬣ΪСˣĺҡ⿪ʵ

лȴͻȻƽü۵ʹҡˣֻ˾ͽСˣȴûкҡС䡯

лɵŵǻҵڡ
չüͷⲻ֤ҡֻ˾͸СƵ𣿡

лӦΪֻħҲΪҡеķǣԼڸյķ񹬡

лƫƫĿ⣬ĺҡϣ诶Ѿˣûˡ
ƶؾΪ˿ҡ˵İ

ĺҡзǵңĿ⻺Զķ񹬡
񹬺嫶֮䣬ⷺһ貵Ĺ⻪

ôǴ񹬣
֮Уܹ·Ȼķ

ĺҡעǰķ񹬡
лȴһֱעҡˡ

ԶĻ֮£С˽߾ȫҲ뽫ЩɢϹȫ⡣
ЩϹ£ʴʹʧȥѤ
Ѿû̫ˡ

ĺҡǿǣ񹬡
л׷˹ȥҡˣҪ볹׽٣ٻҪʱ

Ѿûʱˡĺҡ
лСĺҡһۣ͵ͳҡ˲ԪӤΪôóȻ֮Űأ

ҡˣ˵ġл
Ҳĺҡ⿪ڵ

лĺҡĻȻһĪ
˵ֻС˵ҡʲô¡
ֻǲҡ˶ѡ

Щ˴ߣлȴϢֹסˡ
ſ˽߬ŵһۡ

Խҡǿߣȥðվͺˡ
գлʲôҲûֻҡˣκˣȶҪá

ҡ˲ˣˣȴڵȻȻѡ뿪ħ磬
֦Ҳֻܾѡ

Խǵѷ죬ĺҡԽܹоŰ
ĺҡתл䣬л䣬ӵȼһа֮㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˵ġ

л䲻ɹִĸĺҡ
ʱĺҡߵѷǰлͣ˽Ų

лĺҵķӰ죬Ѿ˺ֻܶ࣬ʣһ㱡ĺͰ;ۼ

ĺҡվѷǰԥӰһӣ㣬ӽѷ֮С
֮еƺиΪļһóȻŰ糯ĺҡϮƱҪɱ֮С

лվѷ֮ǰշĹ⻪ԣա
ڴ˿̣ĺҡһϮȻѩ£һ㣬ȥ

лָԽѷ죬Ƿ֮ʱǲʹһ㣬ץסһط

ͬʱĺҡ⽣ӳһŽ֮ٶȽӳ
һϯĺҡὣȥ

ǵȻײ˹ײһ˲ʲôȻסˡ
ĺҡô˻ᣬӵ񹬵ǰ

һϸ΢Ķ촫Դĺҡ䡣
ĺҡⴹȥԭһֱī߶Ͽˣ˳໬ȥһƬ֮ʧ

ղšסһģīߡ
ĺҡ̧ȥлվѷǰ
סһط

ֱǴطлƼŰĺվŻſǴط
ҪģֲǷ𣬶ҡˡ

ƶؾ֮УؽƼһ췣Ȼ䣬ѾȫȻûκηС

лѾվǰĺҡ⡣
ҡǿߵ񹬵Ĵš

ͬһʱ䣬ӷ֮Ȼӳһ⣬Խգǽ׻նȥ

էȻĽһ̣ӳ


ǵĽףǺضĽƣǱϹסĻ֮ϣ
Ǻԥ谭Ľ˺ѿ

л侲վѷǰһ⡣
Уûһܹȵҡ˵Ľ⡣
һ̣ϵǣʱɨȷҫۣȷޡ

ǿǿɡ
ҡ˵Ľ˫
лִ˵

񹬴ѷ֮гƶؾ֮С
һĨ⻪ϯʧȥʶСЯͽ˷֮С

ĺҡԾǿǡ

Ȼ˵Ҫ˫ԵԼһͬܿ
ڴռ֮еǸȡ˳˫Եͷǲھ롣

һȻ֮󣬡Ҫıꡣ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱǵСͽ֮еٶ˳ǰʾҲȥ

Ҳȥĺҡʵ
һӽ֮У⻪ǴߴĺҡϽȥƵġ

ĺҡ״Ƭ̣˽ȥ

֮Уһҵ̰μ㣬ôôһģ

ĺҡ̧ȥ
֮ϣǰһϮĺ£òǰģ

ϸȥĺҡ㿴ǰǰһϸ΢ı仯
ǰķǰӰ΢˲٣ֻһ֮еѡ

ڷǰСһʧȥԭĹ⻪β΢׹һһķ
̧֣һϢԼͽһ⻪ţֲŤͷ߽еĺҡ⡣

ָָеӣϱ

ǰ˵ʲôҺû
ĺҡգۣ㶡

ĺҡ֮ʱӷͷĵһµҹ˷Դϡ
۵ĺҡɻʶظһԼղŵĻ

ǣ
ͷٶһһҹҡҡ׹һҶһ׼

ĺҡ̧ȥ
뿪ڵʧˣҹ;Ҫͷ᲻ء

Сѣ
뱻ȸĿڵ






95.  ھʮ   ֮ˡ


лǰ
ĺҡⴹȥ, һϡ

ĺҡҲһ
Ƭĺҡ⣬ԼѡϱĶ, Լ̵۹һá

, Сѣǲ㣿
ĺҡ, Ƭ̣ŵҵǡǰü, ɷǰӦǵһμҡ

𣿡
벻֪Ϊ, һۼĺҡ, ĪϤĸо
ĺҡϤĸо, Լղ˵Ƿǲ㡱ĻҲЩϤ

žΪһλ׿ԼѡϱȻ̵Ϥиаɡ
ȻŲⷬ˵

ĺҡ⿪ʵǰֻһ״̬𣿡

ԡͷ, Ӧ⻹ҵһλѡ
뻰δ䣬ͷǿҡҡ׹ҹ顰ǡһһԴϡ

һλЩĪļ

ǣ
ͬһʱһ, ÷һͣ˻
һżڵһλѡ

ǣ
, ýյĳЩĪ

ĺҡգ, ֪, ǰ˵һλ, ԰ɡ

ԡӦ, ˳ĺҡĻ˵ȥ, һλİҾۼһ, ҪȻҲˡ

䣬ͻȻʶԼǰĻĺҡ˵֮Եһϸ΢

ѡ
ѡ
˵ϣǰɣ

ʶһ, Ц
ĺҡ̧ȥɵǰЦʲô

뿪ڵҡСѣϵһ¶ҼôԸòãúòÿڽûкܻӭ

ʦԸ񡭡õİɣǽڴʦ֣ڽкܶʦʦöĽ
ĺҡΪҪ˽ȻڽڵӼ֮һЩ˵

һһߴһȡ˲豭һĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ״ӹǱ裬ǰģʦڽڹúܺá

ҡСѣ˵ҼڽܵܶŮ޵ϲСϲҼ𣿡

ϲĻϰҼҡѣòã˳Ļһܼ֤Ҽ̵ĵ´䣬ɶҲ޺ˡ

ȿȣ
ĺҡһ裬ͱ˵ֱ̹ʵĻŵòǺˡ
Сһ㣬̫˰

ĺҡ⽫ʣ°뱭ǰ˺һǰǲڴ̼˭

æڰ֣ûûУ´ˣҾǿҼ̹ģû㣬Ҹϱ

ĺҡתһ۲ԶһеСˣڵǰȥѷʦָҡˣú˰ɡ

ԣ¶ź֮ɫ
һŷľҪˡ

ɫ΢٣ȻûٸԼȡȡһᣬҡС붼룬;ܾҼ̵һŷ𣿡

ĺҡ䷢˿СʦǸˡ
Ҽ̲˰ֻСˡĳҡСѾͲٿǿ𣿡

Ҽ̶簡ȻֻһֻСˣ᳤ɴ˰ʱҼ̿ԴҡСһʣɺÿˡ

Ҽ̻ᣬгɳĿռ䡣뿪ڵ

ĺҡⲻĴһλ׶Լ̵Ŀޣֱ˵ǰѾ֮ˡ
ҡСѣ˭𣿡

ĺҡ䴽һĴǰ

˺þãſڸпʱС˶ϼһ𣿡
뵱Ǳһϱ̵İ

ĺҡ·ټ׷ȥת˻⣬СڵķʵǰʦǲһʱѲ

ԣվȥߵԼǰҼһδӻˣЩߵ췣һ⣬Ҫúһʱ޷ѹˡ

Ҫչغܾˡ
ȵ֮ʱԼҶϱͱˣ

ĺҡվ˹ȥһ⻪֮еСˣ˳˼֮С
һƷһķȻ͸
Դˡȴʲô䶼ûС

ϾһȻ˵ˮˡ
ħ֮󣬷Ȼͱһ׷ɱﲻ֮¡

һڡ·ľ֮Уھ֮ڣͬ˰ڲľżһ㣬ĻͬȻúýأ

ֻǡ
ĺҡǰȻ˵Ǿ䱧Ǹ׷ɱôõġ
ȻЩʲô

ĺҡⴹȥ
ðκſڵˣ뿪ƶؾ֮󣬻£ʦֵʦΪʦֵġ

ҡСѣ꼴ԵһλԵ
ϣ㲻Ҫ

ĺҡת롣
ָŰƯŵǿǣ͵̺֮ҷһطҡСѿϸ򣬻ܹջ񡣡

ĺҡ飬ֵҼҡСҲǸްɣһϡһҲǽޣƽĿģȥһˣضŸָһ

СܴǿȥܾͲóˡ

СܹҷһǾ͸ˣ൱ֶһʱٴҼϰθӣ͸ˡ

Ͱ͵С˻أͱǰˡ

ĺҡת֮ǿǣٶ룬ͷӦãлǰ
ǰЦЦڰֵлл

ȥǿǸݸĺҡ⣬ֵȥȥɣȻѾգһʱҲ˽ġ
ȵҲŽ񹬶⿪һʱ䣬ǽ

ĺҡԣӹǿǣѰһտ֮ؾ͵
ָ⴦ӳһĨȴǷȥ

ĺҡл䴫˵Ѷ
֪лɵӹִԣ϶ڷ񹬵ȥ

Ѿգضƶؾ֮вʿĿ⡣

лٴڷ֮⣬ʱʿһ˶֮ⲻԸ֪ħڵʡ
лݱˣͲˣ

ԭûʲôȴĳһ˲ɫ΢£üĪ֣СһʲôæҡСѣҸһطÿԷ㾲򡣡

˵գĺҡ⣬ưƣ˴һ֮УʾҡСѿ򣬲Ȼ
ĳ˻۵ġ

ĺҡգգۣͷлǰ
뽫˴֮󣬺ܿȥˡ

֮Уҹ͵Ĺ⻪շ
ĺҡվڴ֮ϣǿǣȴǵ˺һ

ʱĳһ˲Դ⴫һϸĽŲ
ĺҡһŲתȥīµݷۣ´Сʦ棬ҾͲµȻ㡣

ȫ渴յһ˲Է֮ӳǵǳݷ֮֡
ĺҡϵݷ۵Ľ⡣

Ϲʱǵ⣬Ľ⣬ֻҪݷ۵Ľ⣬ĺҡⶼܼ֮ϵó

ݷۻ߹ĺҡü΢ֻ˵ϡ
ĺҡڵϲϣ϶Ƿǰ˵ġ

𣿡ݷʵ
ġĺҡ϶

Ѿܾûˣֳˡݷ
ĺҡע⵽ݷ۵Ӱδʵͬǰķǰһ㣬Сʦ棬ڼ㣬Ҳһ𣿡

šݷ۽͵ڴһǵ֮ƴֻ˵ʱµġ
ǵҲµġ

ħƶؾ֮ЩϹ֮ܳѹƲסңҾܳˡ

ݷ˵ţĺҡеǿǣڵҼǵõֻҲǸʲô

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣²Ƿһ𣿡
ݷҡͷǣ֮򵽵

ĺҡԣɫ΢˲
һ˲䣬뵽˺ܶࡣ

ʿУ˺ӵжԼδģԤС
ʿȻԤлڲ֪Լ˵ȷѡҲνܺ

Ѱʿڲ֪ӵ˵˻ϵʿˡ

ĺҡǵһμݷ֮ʱʱ䳤ӣݷ۶˵ĵһ仰ǣҵܾˡ
ʱݷ۸ֻҪΪһ߶ȣܶδһĸ֪
ԣǳڽȻԼ

һԵ֮Уһ֪δпܻ֮ᷢ¡

ݷ۾עĺҡ⣬ǲûõǴĻᡣ

ĺҡ⻺̧ݷۡ
ʣȴͻȻ䲻ʡ

ֻҪʣҾͿĸܡ
㲻ʵĻǾ͵Լ㡣
ݷ۲ûдߴ١

֮ĺҡҡͷ
Խ⣬Խȥʡ

ݷۼ״Ǿȥ֮еطɡ

֪Ϊʲôһָо֮򵽷˵

ĳԤ֮£˵һֺ¡
ף

֮øң򵽵Ƿ˵һݷ۵
ĺҡͷӦСʦ棬һġ

ݷվڴ֮Уĺҡǿ󣬲
ϵҹͶͶĹ⻪

ʱĳһ˲Դֻ˵һݷ۶֮У
Ӱʧ֮ϣת˲ߣʵʲô£

ݷƼжһ裬һʮеģȫȻڸ֮ʱǰ㽹
תߡ


Ƽݷתߣæ˸˹ݷǰţֲŵôЩļΣ

˵գԼֺõһ˹ȥû㵱ķ緶
ݷ۽ӹǱ裬ֻԤϵһ㣬ͰѲ豭ˣڵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

ԣһ˲ݷۿеġʲô˼ĵ۵ħе˼

Ϊʲôʵ

ΪѺȡ
ݷۺԥĴࡣ
ħȻֱֱȥ顣

žߴһ뻹ţݷ۵ħͦáͦ˼ģΪһ䡰Ѻȡġžߴһˡ
ݷ۵ħһ㶼á

˵İɣɵϺõ衢õˮķģôѺأ

벻裬̫衣
ֶ豭һҸоͦõİ

󣬷뵽һˣڵҡѣǰһ˵ġ

벻¶ãһ¶ݷ۾ͺƳһۡ

ôһˣôΪ費úȣһڲȣֻǹ˼ΪһǰӶѡ
ݷһδ˷Ļ롣
һôѺȵ趼ȥˣһԡ

һˡݷ۳
ҲûôڴԼļжĽֻ£һ룬Ҳûȹˡ

ݷ۾ܾ󡣡
ˡʹĿڵ

Ǹħħֻһ˺õģֻһ衣

˵ģֻĺҡһ˺ãٷָˣҲٷָķˡ

ֻƫĺҡһˡ






96.  ھʮ   ݷҶ㡭


, һ˲ݷۿеġֻһ˺áǸ˭
⻹һοݷۡ

ǰ, ݷ۶ǿġ
ݷ, ִƫģȴᡣֻǷֻһˡ

ݷ۲, ˵
ݷ۲һˣҲ˵

һʱ, 벻֪Ҫϱ˶е, ΪԼ̵һŷעҪžߴȥˡ

ð, ų˵, Ҿˡ
ΪʲôҹԴ

Ϊ˵ϣֻСˡݷ̹Ȼ, ΪһħҲˣǻҹԴġ

벻ôƢһ, ôֳôһƢħ
Ȼ˵ŲĻʵȴûκβ֮⡣

ħһصġݷ۵, û׼, ҹԴˡ
Ҳšҡͷ, ɲҪ䰡, Ҹ۵ĹϵǺܺõġ

жأ

õһƬһƬ, ֮еɢ, ۻ˼ʮʱ䴩֮, ֻΪҵÿһƬƬ

۽ƴֻΪһҿ¼Ҽ̵ƿ֮ˡ

رˣûһ
۾ͽ̴޾֮, ͵ʥ֮УԷ˵֮һƿǶĻᡣ

˳˼֮УЦϵһθֳǳ֮ɫҲ֪ϳɵ꾿ʲô
ǵõϳһ֮λħֵڻ֮У˺Ҳûټ

ݷ۵Զ֮УѰ˰꣬Ҳδҵϳɵ˿ټ
ϳɣǵϳһʬӵʶѡ
ϳɲʶϳɣҲ֪ڽΪʶǸϳɡ

ʵԶǲǷʲô

ħ֣Ǵӻֶݷ͵
ڶʿʶɵĽڣɽġ

֪ΪʲôħҪʶ翪ʼ𣿡

ʶʲô
ʶʿи֮һʿʶ֮ΪҪĶ

ʶ൱ʴʿȫ
ʧȥʿͬǿһ



һ֮УĺҡǿǣԼľ˼
ǰڿʼ˱ı仯

һĨһĨĻ㣬ĺҡǰʼһЩҶĴڡ
֪˶ãǰЩĹ㿪ʼԾšתš

ĺҡ⾲۲Щı仯֮еĹɡ
ٶȾϸеı仯

ʱݼš
ƶؾ֮Уһɲ췣ĽѾȥ˰¡
вʿӸطؾ棬ĿǸ츳ҳĵؿ֮ʱŸ𾪣ڵһ췣Ŀֲơ

һգ췣һֻˡ
Ҷ֪ɽֻʣΨһһֻˣǾǽڵķȻ

ڲٵڼǳ췣µСʱɵΪȻʦһ亹
ǴҴҸҪ֪ʦˣǷҰá

ٵӾۼؾ֮ʱҲƼڿտ֮صصķ񹬡
ΧתѤĹ⻪ҫ£ӻ

˾ۼڴˣ뾡˸ְ취Ҳûҵ֮еķ

ڷ֮УƼЩСһץȴʼҲ񹬵İ취ʱ̲סЦ

ʱ뱻ݷ˵֮ԾɲϷԼļܡ
ʱֶһڼϰ뵽˸βһȺӵķ
ȺһԼɡ

һգڷ֮ڶӼͬһʱ䱻һĨ⻪С
һʶϵǶϴҪ񹬣þһˡ

ڵԣǾվֱ壬ӭλܵĵһˡ
ֻǰȻ両ֳһڵ裬ǰһ͡

Ҽ״һ㶡
ǲ̫һ˵Ҫʲôȥסһ裬㽫һȴڸ˵һ֮ʱ

ʱнǲԼͬһͷǻδȹôѺȵ衣
ԣȫǿɬζ

ðΣȻеӴ޵;еĿɬͻƽס

ƼӵķӦҲ˺һŷӦ̲סҪݷۣͬ¡
ȥãŵõݷһǺȺȡ

ĺҡ״̬֮ʱ̧ۣȥƼһϮµݷվڵУ߹ȥСʦ棬Ѿˡ

ݷʵӦҵģҪʲôҡ
ĺҡԣȴǳƬ̣ʵҲ֪ʲôҪһԣ

ĺҡ˵գ̧
Ƿһ֮Լϸһ򵽵ȥʵһ֪ˡ

˼ˣĺҡ⻽⽣һ֮ʱսֻıסˡ
ĺҡ״̧ȥڵСʦ棿

ݷ۵͵ͳҪԣá

Ǹôԣ
ĺҡʵ
ܲСʦϻһɣ

ݷգۣ
ĺҡ˴Ӱת֮ȻһΪƫƧ

Ƿ񹬵һ䣬Լ໥֯ɣһ󷨡
֮Уһʿų֮вϱȻŽ

ĺҡǵãǽڵһʦ֡
ֱԼѪֳȴ֪ںʱܵˡ

ݷָ֣ӳһĨ⣬ĺҡϢ
ĺҡ⣬ԡ

á
ĺҡ̧ȥֻܹһ

̧֣Լʱڷ֮Щתطָ⴦΢£ӿһĨת˲λʦ˵ֱ֮ϡ

תط֮ĺҡ⾲עλʦֱֵۡ
ԭλʦֲûвԼԭ˵ֱڲ֪Ȼԭˡ

ĺҡƼһĻתݷۣСʦ棬Ƿһ
ݷü΢䣬Ӧҿˡ

֮еλʦֶŰֻ֮˻ͣ
Ҳڴʱ֮иֳԼĲһԶʦǰ

Ǳ֮ԭΪƣĽʦֶʱָȡ

ĺҡ⣺
ĬȻЩûס
Ǳ裬ϤһֱƮӣȻڷǰֵ֮һ衣

ǱΪɬ裬ĺҡΪֹԾܹоڴ΢΢ɬ
ǰݵĲ̫úȡ

ȻĺҡƼλʦֺǱķӦͻȻЩԼζˡ
Ҳͱչʮհɣôһͷأ

Сʦ棬λʦȵѵʲôζĺҡɳ

Ƿ衣ݷ۽͵ѿҵӡ

ǰӡ

ӣصҸʩ˸ר־ڻ֮ˣһ

ĺҡԣãſڵǷǰһܿġ
Լõ輼òϿɣҵ˻ӡ

ȻѾõ˴𰸣ݷ۱ĺҡصĴŷſ֡

ĺҡһϤĻգۣ䴽Ӧá

ǰݷۿʼһһڷų
˴ĵطֻܴӷһӦʼ衣

Ʈ֮ʱݷȷ裬ίˡ

ֻ裬һܾҪӡ

꣬´Ϻһ裬ա±Ķ˳ΨһϣЭûй

Լҵ¶գǰǸúú÷˼һˡ
ҵרû׼ǲʺ衣

ݷ۽õֳװڱУݸĺҡ⡣
֮ĺҡһڣСʦ棬õҲǷǰһ裬ЧȴȫȻͬ

ݷʵú𣿡
úȡ
ĺҡ⻰δ䣬Դ֮Ѿᵽķ˽µҾ˵ô㡣

һ˲Цݵǰ۰Ͱݷֱʣµ衣
ݷ۲Ϊ

ţתĺҡ⣬ҡСѣƷһζ𣿡
˿ûκοƵƫ

ĺҡ˲̧ݷۡ
ݷҶġ






97.  ھʮ   ȵǸȴꡭ


, ڷǿ֮£ʼһڵ衣
ѾĲ豭Լƶؾ֮зֵǸں, ʵ, ҲģӿǺϲ衣

ÿֻҪһõ, ضһɨϵƣ, øŬ
֤軹Щõġ

˵, ݷ۸, ֿڵҼ̱չس֮, һҼ̳һΪ衣
ĺҡʦֿ϶ϲġ

ĺҡ⽫ǿǽ˷, ǰлǡ
ذݰ֣ĳʵҡСѴ֮ʲô

ĺҡ

, ͷҡСȥ, Ͳóˡ

۽ƳһϮīµݷ, ֵҡС, ǲҪˣƶؾ֮пɺ, кܶܶϼһĴаط

ҼȻչس˯, ҡСѲΪҼһֱ, , ܵóȥߡ᲻ã԰ɣۣ

߶߶˵һ, ҪһúС˴һ𣬱Ǹϼһһ
仰ﰵﶼڲλѣԼ˵˵һ

ݷƳ۷룬㵹˵

ĺҡţԽòԾգۣæֹǰ֪֪֮ǰǵģƶؾ֮к֮ܶ̽ء

ҪҪҸҡСѽһЩϼһطбȽϺð
뵱꣬ѱ£ģģֵĵطлһӰ

ϲˣǰڷ˵ϣһȺС˴һ𣬷ɺˡ
˵˵ţͻȻȥüҲ΢΢š

ĺҡԣתݷۣЩ֪롣
һǵϹʢûвȻҲ޴ӿȥ˵ˡ

ֻǣûݷۿ֮ʱѾҵںˣ̧չüۿڵںˣкööʿҿǡ

˵գ뽫ŵĲ豭һѷ£վͬʱķһ㣬뿪ʱҲǷġ
ңͬհĴڡ

ĺҡĿͷ뿪֮󣬲ջĿ⣬ݷۣСʦ桭

Ҫˣһû㡣ݷ֮ʱֻ֮лȴ޷߳񹬰벽
ûϵĺҡҳƶؾͺˡ

ƶؾ֮Уûͨ洫ƽģĺҡȻҲûа취ͨȥǴؿռ䡣

ݷ۵ҵĵƣҿһյƺˡ
ĺҡԣӦҳȥ֮ȥյϨĵƸ

áݷ۵Ӧ
Ϊһħʱ޿̲ߡ
Сܡ
ţҲסǰ׷ĽŲ

ǵһգһγĿ˵Сʦ棬ҵˡ
·ǸıӰҵˡ
Ҳ׷

ֻ֪Ҫڣһġ
ܿڡ

뽫ӵ뻳У˵׷ô࣬һһֱ㡣
Ҳ֪Ȳ˶ˡ

Сʦ͵뿪ƶؾȥơĺҡ
ãҵšݷӦ

գͬݷ۸֮ĺҡ֮С
ϣһ⻪֮УС˰˯УԭӵϢһһ㱻˳ˡ

ĺҡԾǶڷȻǷǸЩɡ
Ȼͨ⣬֪ʲôࡣ
̫ûüʷȻΪʲôҪǸͷ˺Ϲݡ췣֮¡

ĺҡⴹǰһ󣬺ðΣȥָ⴦ӳһĨտ
ȻһѶȻӱչ״̬֮ʱͿԿǵѶ֮еݡ

Ĩտĺҡָ⴦ӳȥûǰһ⻪֮С
ģǰһ⻪֮дЩЩ΢Ĺ⻪˳ɢЩ⻪ĺҡС

ĺҡϸϹС
ֻ˼ϸĻ

ǷȻһѶֻǲ֪Ϊʲôڴݹ޶˱ˣ֮ʱѾԭĻʲôˡ

ĺҡСͼٴݳЩʲôݣǰ⻪ԭѾƽϢȶϢٶȱò

ĺҡ֪Ȼܹ˵æʦ֣㲻ż

ǰͬҶҪСʦĻʱ
Ҷÿһīžͻᱻʧʼ޷γһĻ

Ϊ漰ⲻΥǲǰ˵ġ

ȻҪ˵֮£漰ǵѶŻڴĹб޶顣
ʲô漰֮¡

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣΢ڵ㲻ҵǸħҲ׷ɱݡ
δ䣬ǰ⻪֮еĲͻȻ

Ȼἰ֮漰žһԼһЩѶϢ
ĺҡ⻺չس֮ٸ˵Ҳٵġ

ȻĺҡǺ󣬱뿪˴֮С
ҹͶĹ⻪תţһ⻪֮еϢƽ

Ӱڴ֮ϡ
ÿԼ̵̡

ŰԼ̣̰ҪŬҲǧżȵ֮ȥ׷ҡСҲüġ

ȻҲ۸̻ģǷ֮ϣǴηȴġ

˻һ벻֪ΪξĪоԼһȻЩ㡣
̽ƣǰԼ̡

ͬǣһξȻܵԼ̵ĻӦһ⻪֮дԼ̵Ķ
ƼһĻɵüæݷۣۣҼ̻Ӧˣ

ۣһҪҼ̣

գ볳òˣݷ۲Ӱһӣڴ֮ϡ
תݷۣۣ㿴Ҽ̻Ӧˡ

뻰ŰգоԼͻȻһ¡
֮ģ⻪Ĳ
󾪣ݷֿۣԼ̣̣ôˣòǱŵ˰ɣ

ݷ۳ֵһ˲ǰ⻪˲ٵĶݷ֮һ˲ʾʲô㡣

뾪ɲĶݷۣʵǲҼ̻ôᣬȥŻҼˣ

ݷ۽Ŀ䵽СûУҲħ
ħȻʹɶһֻëûСʹʲôأ

ݷۻߵСǰʲôҪң
Ļܿ촫˻⻪֮С

ӳһϸĹ⻪ɢݷС
ݷᴹעеЩϸ⻪

һԵķôǰ̤߳ķˣʱƳԼҪݷ۵ĻΪ

ݷ˼Ƭ̧̣־ֱ̽⻪֮УָСԴ֮ϡ
ðκջ֣૵ԭ𡭡

ӭŷĿ⣬ݷС˸ҿһļ䡣
һʮ֮ļ䡣



ǴڷȻһ֮еļˣ˳ŵյķһصԺ֮С

һƶؾ֮УȻɻ񾳽Խףչʮ֮á
ʱֵһ쿼˴ڼ

Ȼ֮׼ʦҸ𣬻ʥһˡ

˴ǰһҹŵŵӳ׼μӵڶռĿ˴֮ʱһѶɾŷϷݸ洫ӣ̳硣

ǽˣһҹڸ֮УϽԼڵ洫ӴѶҪеӳ硣

Ѷ֮ʱͬʦǣ׼뿪ʱͱʦסʦ֣صȻҹд·㲻Ҫȥˡ

Խ˵ȻԽǺ档
ڽھŷ֮֮ǿ洫ӵͬ硣

ʱȻһӾ͸о˴˿̵ǰ
磬Ҫˡ

ȻӰŽھŷ֮һ֤ı
嫶ǽɽ֮أڶʿӦ빵ͨϽġ

֮ʱԺ֮˫۾׷׳
һ˲Ȼĸ֪ʲôڿʼ仯ˡ

ʶͲ
ԴϹʱȴҪˡ
ʱδӴ䣬Ȼ֪һζʲô

ֻǰһ˲ھŷ֮ȳ֮ʱһңң֮е̾˶ϡ

Ǳضǻħġ
һ̾ЩĪ֡
˻ضħģ
˭ƶһ㣿

ɵȥƽھŷ֮ʱȴ鼸ͬһʱͬ
Ƕ仰Ųɡ

ȻļǵİɽеĴʿһճ֮Ϊ졣

֮󣬷Ȼ㷢ֵʱڳг϶
Ϊ֮ͨ·ĶϾþҲ
ʦоҲʼ

ȴȫȻûзƵġ
ȻԽԽòԾˡ
ǣ뿪

֮󣬸ڳ洫Ӳٽ֮У洫еȫ˻ȥ·֮ա

ȻΪĲɻ󣬽Լ滻˻
˴ȿʼһգҲڶգ洫һ֮С

۴Ѿǻҡ
ԭƵʵڹ㳡֮ϣӶҵϢɣֻʣһʯ

ŰϮϴʶ
һ·ǰжȥߵıԵһˡ
˵ֻһд

һϮѩ£һ˪ѩ
Ȼеǣûмˣȴڴʱ˿̵һۼʱЩϤС

ԭ㰡Сˡ
Ȼϲ˺Сˣ˺СˣȴĪûʵô֪

ô֪һֻˣ˭

ûлش⣬ѯʵΪλ˴
ҷ֮󣬽ڳ϶Щˡ޹ջ洫ӵƣ洫ӽ֮С

ǰ֮ȴδеֻ֣ǻΪˣǱɱˡ
Ϊʲôûĸо
˾㡣

ûУҴûб˾ȹ
˵˵ţʮǰһ˵ľһƳһ˾ȹңǸʲôرΪʲôңҾܹɱΣ

εСˣΪ𣿡
ֻܿѾƿǳ֣ȴ֪Եɡ

ⳡɱεľ˵Ҫôܽ⿪

㣬ƾ֣ΪλҪ֣
ⳡ֣һ

Ϊ
Σ

絶Ӯ𣿡
Բ֪𣿡

ǰһ̾𣿡
Ǳضħ𣿡Ȼʵ

ᡣ
ǲǾҪȥһǵˣȻֹħƿˣӵǵ˸ȥң

ֵġ
Ҿȥҵˣֹħ

ǰ˵Ѽ͸Ϳɢˡ
òɢΪִδ

ʵʲô
ڵһˡ

Ǹ˶ˣ
ꡣ

ûԸȥһ֮ãִҲҪȥ
Ѿܾ˰˻ûҪȥһ𣿰˴һ㣿

УϢҶӣ޾紵
һȴѾٻشˡ

һ쿼˴֮ϣҵǸǸˣҲҵǸӵǵˡ
ԭǶͬһˡ

ٺûֹħԼҲΪԻ
絶ûӮ⡣



С˸ݷ۵μĩβȻʵȵǸȴ𣿡

ȵˡݷ
˺ܾãȵ






98.  ھʮ   ҡ벻һ¡


ĺҡ˷񹬺, һӣڿտ֮
췣Ĵӽº¶˳ݳϹС, Ļָֻտγ

ĺҡβһվ, Զ㴫һĵỽҡˡ
л

ĺҡתȥ, ƼһϮµл䳯
û뵽л侹Ȼڷ֮˽µʱ䡣
ñлգҲ˫ħĳסˡ

л߹, , ñߡ
ĺҡ״, æֹл, ʲôôʿ

л䴽Ǻ, Ҿҡ˵Ļñˡ

ĺҡתܵл߳Զ֮, ſڵҼǵҸ㴫˵Ѷģ㲻õҡ

˴, лڽñ, ˫ÿĳĺҡ, һ޹û, ûյҡ˸ҴѶ

ҡ, ҵ˺þðлգգ, вת, ȴ͸żίͰ͵ζ

𣿡ĺҡʵ
Ųл˵Ļ

ڸл䴫Ѷ֮ǰȷл϶յѶ, Բ

ĺҡȥָ⴦ӳһĨտӦл
һĨտ֮Ӧл˳

лüۣȫȻûб֮ľȡ
ȥĨտѶ׽סջУڵҡ˷ˣһβغһЩƭҡҺˡ

лʲô˼أ
ҡ˶۰һЩѡ

ĺҡԣҲٶ˵Щʲôˡ
ôлҲദмˣôܻ᲻֪лԸ뷨ʲôأ

л俴ĺҡ⣬ּҡˣҵôãܲܶߴһԲµġ
ӭĺҡ⻳ɵĿ⣬лģҡˣҲµġ

Ȼ֪л䲻£Ϊлһ¾Ǵ¡

ðκĺҡŵͷӦԣ£ҾͰ㶪ȥҪˡ
Ҿ֪ҡˡ

Ųл䡣
ĺҡĬȻ˵

ÿһΣƶؾʱά¡
ƶؾرգʣһ¶ʱ䡣
лţտŵлҪƶؾ֮Ʒ졣

Ӧлߣĺҡ㶣лһҪغΪħвʹħ

ΪҪһǡ
˴ߵŮӣһˮŮӣһҪ㿪ĺҡ

뵽ĽѩͬΪʡ
аħ֮Χ֮ʱûʹаħܱ֪֮õ

صˣοΪĽѩأ

лЦ£ŵҡˣģ֮⣬ҲȥκһŮӵġ
˵ġĺҡüǵ㵱ڽ׼ɱǸ𣿡

Ǹѩļһ
л仹ǵһ֮ǰ̫֮Уԭ׼ҡ˽һģȴû뵽һӲúܣֵֶֹΣˡ

ĺҡ²ѩƾĽѩǿĸ֪ӦѾҵĽѩģԣǼߵǸŮӣһҪԶһЩ

лĺҡǿʵΪʲôʲô𣿡

⣬ܹ֪һйħĴڡĺҡ
û˵ĽѩʲôʣֻлһĽѩͻȻѡ

Ͼڡ·ԭУĽѩƾԼʵĸ֪Ǹ˲ǿħ֡
ɲлһƶؾŻȥġ

лԣ΢ʵҡˣΪʲôĽѩô˽Ⱑ

ħһֻһ壬һ֣һѩֵһ롣
Ͽе֣Ӧǡѩ֡

л䵱ʱ̫֮УƼǸѩҲһƵ壬ֻǿ֮Ͽ̵Ĳѩְˡ

һΣҡȥһԼڸյһ˲Ǹһ㺷Ȼ֣һҲԥȻѾ׼ġ

ѩɱҡˡ

ѩ
ѩ⡣
ѩ

лŲ֮ǷʲôϵҪ˺ҡ˵Щһ

ħǰ᲻вҡ㰡лʵλȥҪҪȥǰٵ

ðգвҡ
ĺҡҡҡͷ뵽йԭ֮еľ顣

ħ¥ΪĽѩһӣԭĽѩ壬ʶΪѰĽħУֵĽѩѩĽѩѰӣɽԻȥҽ㡣
ʵĽѩ⿪һһͷѡ

·УĽѩһھԼѩĹϵƲ塢Զ롢־ݡ
һ棬ĽѩһһεɽȥȥԼʧɢĽ㣬ȥԼĽ㣬Ӷͼ

ĺҡ˼ˣδκα仯ֻȥˡ

һգȻħԵ췣һȻҡ
ĺҡҲ֪ȻȥôˣҲ֪۪ݸֱһ˪ôˡ

ȥˣӴ

лĺҡߣȻĺҡ˵ʲôţĺҡ˵Ҫȥ͸ȥ
ΣҪҡˡ

Ӿ֮Զĺҡлֻһӵʱ䣬͸ϵӴ
⣬ĺҡ۵ǳսĺۼ֮תתûƼ᰻˪ʬ壬ҷ

õ۪Ȼ֮ƣҲǹԵİ
ᰱ۪Ȼ֮ƣΪ۪óϲõһϣһ㣬ûие֡

˪˪ôҲᱻ۪ˣ
ôû뵽һġ
Ҳǵûз֮±˪ͱһԭ֮һ

ĺҡ̽ʶΪģӳȥﵽ֮󣬲Ȼʶ˻
ûƼ᰻˪ټ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡڷ񹬸ҵһλͬΪ洫ӵʦ㣬ֱѯ᰺˪Ѷ

λʦ㣬ǰǳ췣֮ʱ̫ңҺֳʦֺʦǱ֪ôˣܷʦæѶѯһĺҡ͵

ã׵Ľʻ
洫֮Уûмû᰺˪Ѷġ

λʦԣû˵ʲôֱӵͷӦԡ
Ѷ֮λʦֵĺʦãҪҪʦֺʦѶﻹжģԸ㡣

ĺҡҡͷܾˡ

λʦĺҡܾʶ뵽˪ǰÿĺҡսͻƣȴڽ׵Ĺؼʱ̣ĺҡܡ
뵽ǰһзȻ˴֣᰺һҡá

뵽ڽƶؾ֮ǰ֮ɴܰġʾ׵һϡ

еĹϵе㸴ˡ

ĺҡⷢԼҡͷʾԼҪõѶǰλʦɫñٱ֮صĵͷҶˣĺʦá

⡭
öЩʲô
ǵ鷳ѡ

굱ĺҡл俪ʼƶؾȥ
ҹɫ֮ʱлʰɲ񣬶ѡ

¸߹ңŵҹɫ仺Ͷס
֮ҡҷ𣬰Ÿɲȼյž졣

ĺҡԼڵʱ˪Ҳ֮ʱЩɻ󣬱̶λʦл䣬ʵҴǰһֻӣʹȻ֮

Ȼ֮סһãǸ类ס⣬ǸΪҲֻܱƣ
ĺҡ⽫۪֮˵˵

ҡˡлȻֻ֮¶ڱһѡ
¶ڱģòɸεģԡ

ҡ˵ֻǿǶõԣԲᶨߣŸױȻѡ

˵˴л俴ĺҡ⣬ĳҡ˴ûȻΪҡԼᶨ
һֻӾȻҲȻҡˣء
ûгɹ

л仺ĺҡߣ´ڵҡ˼Ȼˣҽʱһµķӡ

ҡ벻һģ
롣
ĺҡ붼룬ֱӾܾ

ҡѧˣ֮ԣҲǲġл
롣ĺҡ⻹Ǿܾ

л̧ĺҡ⣬͵ͳҡѵ˽һ˺ܾòĶ

ҡˣһԹԷķҡѧ֮󣬶һãòã

üһԭлʱġ
ɲã˵Ƕлˡ

лʺЩֵֹ뷨˵ĻǻһЩ






99.  ھʮ   ҡһҲĶ


롣
ĺҡҲû, ֱӾܾ
лԣüţҡǡһҲĶ

ĺҡת, ȥ, һ֦ľ֮С
л侲עĺҡ⣬͵Ĺҡ, 
΢˶ָ⣬Ҫ׽סĨ, ȴʲôû׽, ƽջ֡

ƶؾһ, ʣһµʱ, ŵ̽ؾΧ𽥿ʼƶؾĵشȥ

Խƶؾ, ĸҲԽԽ
ʿһԣս顣
ؾĵԽ, Խܼ˵Ķ־

ĺҡлƶؾȥһ·ϻаµʱ, б̽
̤ƶĵشһ˲, ĺҡĸ֪Ũ̶ȵı仯

˵, ɽеŨ̶ΪһĻ, ƶؾΧŨ̶Ϊʮ, ƶؾĵشŨ̶ǰ١
ԽŨ, ƶؾ֮ĵرȻҲԽǿ, ֮ģĵرԵİҲԽ

ĺҡԽߣһ·ʿҲԽԽ
ƶؾô, ȵҶؾĵش֮ʱܹ˾Ͷ
̤ƶؾûã˹䵥½º⡣

ĺҡעģ½º⻳бŵǱ񽣡
һ½ºз˳ߡ
ֱߵ⽣ҲʲôǵģǷ˳ȥǱһͬײһ

أúôһܡ
ʱ⽣ѹڵĦ񽣲΢΢ί

⽣տ⻪ɻĺҡС
ǱڵطƺΪΪ̫ģΪ޷ĺҡ⣬˺üζûܷɵ

½ºܹȥ񽣱֮ʱһֻ޳ѩ׵ּ񽣡
л΢΢սָ⣬񽣣һ䣺һȤĽ

½ºԣܹȥãǱܺúܺõĽ

񡣡
лɤƣһ֣ȴ˼߽㣬繡

½º⵹ûʲô𣬿ɱлеȴǡݡһãָ½ºĴģ

զ
½º״̲סں

л佫񽣵ݻ½º⣬߻ĺҡߡ
ԭһ˫֮£óīһĺ
̫ۣһܲµݡ
ɲܸҡ鷳

½ºⱧűش񽣣ĴӿһĨӿ֮УȴκЩָı仯

ĺѣôˣ½ºⲻɵ̧ĺҡ⣬ĺҡ̵

ĺҡ񽣻ָɴģ֮ʱͲûסˡ
лɥĲ񡱵ħһϷŹ
㵹

ĺҡĳΪ񽣱ȽˣҪشϢϢաŶԣǵȸʮ£񽣿ܾͻˡ

лĺҡĽͣ´ЦЩġ

½ºĺҡĽͣȻԭˣʱýĴ̫ˡ
ĺҡ½ºһˣɵóʵ½ѣôһͬأ

ڵܴʿƶؾҪ
ǵǿ͸˵ˡ
۷ֱ֮ĺҡǵ½º˵ǻԼͬһġ

½ºһĺҡʣ̾̾ڵĺѣˡҺҵʦʦһؾǶˡ

ƶؾһصľʯ֣бĪ⣬
Ѱʿκ׼óȻƬʯֵĻС

һƬʯֵĻйĪӦ󷨴ڣڴ˴ʦΪӲŶԣΪǻᡮĵӣ

Ϊʦʵ˸˰ǰղſһ䵥ʦʱв˶λʦ롣
ǽڵλʦһһͨӽչֳǿʵʦ͸Žڵλʦˡ

ؾ֮еʦϷˣʣĵӾͿݵھʯ
Ȼ
ǴȺĵ⡣

˵ʦˣĵӣھʯ֮Уһһһȷĵ·

½º͵磬ҺͬŵʦʦһϳӣһӾͳҵʦʦˡ

½㡭ĺҡʵ
ң½ºΪĵָָ̧ԼڵǿұһΪһޡ

ʦֽˣ˵ҲӡǣǾΪѧղѧתͶȥˣҪˡ

½º˵գĺҡ⣬ʵĺѺλǲҲҪȥʯ֣ʵУȽĵˣҪҪңҪҪҰ
½º˵š

ĺҡʧЦڵӦҪȥʯֵġ
δ䣬ԲԶӹһӰ
֮һģҶһεĺĺҡ⣡

ҶһϮ°ȹϸһͷ˿
ĺҡվĺҡǰųĺҡ⣬ôô

ĺҡʵ𣿡
Ҷת˿ŵ⻹ҺԶʦֶѾˣʦȺ˵ģѾˡ

һʦӶˣ½º⽫δչһЩ뿪˵Լ֮ʱͱҶһѺԵˡ

ҶһϮµл䣬ȻΪò޵ˣҲûЩʲôֵֻҼǵ㲻ǺͷʦôʦֲӰˣ

ʦ򴫳бչУʱ޷
ĺҡ⽫һյ򵥽һ¡

ҶһȻȻֱӴӻԽ׵֮ϣһ˴˾磬ɵþ̾һЦµĻǼһҪˣҲ򲻹ʦˡ

ȻͷβҲûг׵׵ӮȻһΡ
ɻҪӮˣǱȵ컹Ҫ˰ɡ

ʱʱ½ºִ˹ֵλѣ½º⡣

ҶΪȻӦúã֪ˡ
Ļ˵һ룬ڲŷӦ˹͵һתͷס½º⣬ػؿüۣЩɳʵӣ

ԣ½º⡣
ӣҶüһڵǿ̫ˡ

Ҷֹ½ºôôϤţ
ǵ洫Ͽҵ֡½º²

ǲǡ
Ҷҡҡͷתĺҡ⣬ƺȷʲô

ĺҡ֪Ҷʲôͷһ۵Ĳ֮һ
Ҷ˷ܳԣǸܾʺܾʵûۼⳡľһҹ

Ҳ֪ʾסһҹ
лĳĿ䵽ĺҡϡ

ȫ̴±״̬µ½º˺ܾãŻǸʮ⡢ʮѳѹҹʵһҹҲûôʣҺܲҵġ

Ҽ˺öĽޣǽڵķȻʦֺʦһԣ
һ㶼ˡ

ĺҡ״æת˻⣬ڵȻ½λڣǾȳɡ

ҶԣǵͷԶʦھʯڴǡ

Զĺҡʱѣʯֵ󣬱ֿȥѰû䵥ʦӡ
û뵽ڴ˿ĺҡˣ½º֮ϲ

˺ܿʯڴҶһ۾ͿԶȥԶʦ֣һˡ
Ҷĺҡ֮˵ԶԶתĿ⿴ĺҡ⡣

ĺʦá
ԶһϮѩ׳ۣͦΣͬһĳ
ֶл½ºλѣ½Զ
½ºǹֻ񣬵Ѻã½º⡣

лֻ̧Զȴ
л䡣ĺҡ֪лţԸˣ㿪ܵл˾Ͳ˵ԸˣҲҪ黳

Ҷл䶥˵ż֮⣬΢̧򢣬ĺҡ⣬ĺҡ⣬С˻ͦҵİ

ס
лģֲһ
羫¾׵Ķߣлһ񡢹ǵζȴǹ֮ˡ
һֵƷ;ɫ

ĺҡԭûҶʲôĻɵҶ˵л䡰Сͦҵİ仰ʱǲһǺסˡ

ţĺҡҶҹңǲ֪ǲпõһ
ĺҡգۣϽлǻ٣ӹƧѣϲ˵

ҶջĿ⣬ԶڵԶʦ֣ǶѾӼˣڽʯ𣿡
Զ̧ĺҡ⣬͵ʱɫ磬̳Ӧû

ǰľʯ߰һľʯصᾴ䣬ᾡշھʯ֮У͸ż

ĺҡһʯк΢ķ紵ιЩ֮⡣
˴֪֮Ϊڽʯ֮ǰʦôˡ
Ƭʯ֮Уʯ䣬ι״ÿһʯǶһ޶ģʯ֮ʱٱĪ⣬ʮָӡ

ûʦ򣬺ôҲҪһܹڴˣŲʧ˴·

ĺҡ̽ʶӿȴʮ֮ܵ谭
ʯ֮󷨵ӣ޷ʹʶвͻʧС

ĺҡ˺ܿϾʯ֮еĵһֲ·ڣ½ºⱾ⣬˽ת½º⡣

õĺõġ
½ºͷֱŴִӴռ֮һͲǩ

Ҷ½ºһֱǸ񣬲ʵһֱһʲô
Ҽǵڲ֮ʱҪϴ񣬰л֮󣬲ſʼġ

½ºҵĽΪ񡣡
Ҷ˵Ӳ㣬ӦʦҸϵĵӡǼϵĵӡ

ڲзϵ֮
ңϵ֮Ѿǧ꣬ûзֳߵ

ҶԣӺˣʵǷϵǼϵ

½º֧֧˺ðΣشǷϵġһŬģһο϶Ǽϵơ
˵գеĴ·ֻеĽܸ֧֡

ҶƼ½º⸱Ӳģ֪ΪΣĪЩϤ
һҶȻ½ºӲģ͸ÿĺҡ֮Ӳ˵һο϶Ӯģ

Ŭ
ǣҶҲ˵˵ĺҡ˵֮ԡ

½ºͷһģһŬġ
˵գתķеͲǩҡ
ʱĳһ˲һǩͲ֮еֲָ洦һࡣ

½ºӦࡣ
á

½º⽫ǸǩַŻͲ֮Уȥ
ȻԼ·ȻҪһȷûΣ֮ߡ

Ѿ½ºôãܽľ顣
ȷûΣ֮תһĺҡ˽ǸߵģȫȻûдǰЩ໥Ųһĳɡ

½ºգۣҶڵҼǵĵӶͦİɣһȲȷ·ߡ

Ҷ΢̧°ͣȽִһӰ棬һѧղȰԼͷˣɾǸˡ

½ºѾѧҸжллллҲŬģǽ޶һȺˡ
뷢˺˿Ľǣ

ĺҡһԽʯУٻҲԽԽࡣ
˺棬½ºⶼû¹еͲǩÿ߼Ҫҡһҡеǩһߡ

ʱҹɫ֮ʱĺҡ½ºһ԰ȫ򣬴ڴϢһӡ
ȵ֮ʱټʯ֡

ʯУҹҹ
ĺҡصĵڶ½º֮

ҹˮ׺΢΢Ĺ⻪շʯУҹϰϰ
ĺҡǰѻ΢˲٣Ͷһľڻ֮С

֪˶ãĺҡԴĶתȥл䲻֪ʱѾ˹һ˫ÿ

ĺҡл䣿
лĺҡߣҡˣţȥϢ

ĺҡ⿴ҹɫϢ⻹ûʱء
лԣȴֻȻҡ˲Ҵ㣬Ҿֻһҡˡ

ĺҡ״֪ԼȰסִл䣬ҲͲȰˣĿת˻
ģ̧ȥײϲԶҶһ˫ž

ҶģԼԲǹûϢ͵ġ
û뵽Ǹлģһԣ߸߰ģദġ
л䵽ҹĺҡǰȻôԣ

ҪҰģҪҵģҪԵġ
ҪԶʦôԾͺˡ
Ǹ½º⵹ͦԣɵˡ






100.  һ   ɱ֮ģԼͬ


Ҷ˼һ, ĺҡ⣬æҡҡͷڵʲôҲû, ʲôҲû
˵, һ˫˫۸ˡ

ĺҡһ˲ת, ɫɵл䣬ġ
лûԹһ, ˳ú, ôϾͻȻֿʼˡ

лգ, β΢΢¹, βĨ֮ɫԽˡ
ҡѵ˵𣿡л͵ͳ
͸żίͰ͵ζ

ҡˣҰѵڵҹ, Ҿͬҡ˵˵ѡ

ĺҡ⿴лģоǸˣֻӦŶ, ԡ
л˳ƽӻҡ˻ʲô𣿡

л䱡Ҫ˵Լ뷨ʱ, ĺҡһ, ûн, öԵġ

л, ǿǻƷġ
ʱ, ƶؾ֮, ˭Ҳȥˡ

л, ΢´ĺҡʰһľ񣬻Ž֮С

ʱ, »ƶ֮дžľȼ졣
ĺҡعҹֻл䡣
лڻԱߣĺҡ⡣

ĳһ˲лվߵԶߡ
ԭϢԶעһϮµл䡣

лԹ˹ֵˡ
˵գûȥԶһۣתصĺҡš

Զǰδ֮ʱҹ紵ͶȻһ˿


ҹɫž֮УһϢ˾ѹ̧Զ
Զ

ʱֵҹǼžʱ
ĺҡתȥżҹɫ֮Уκ
һϮȻϮ֮ն⽣¡

ĺҡ⿴۵ɼʯ֣ѸжϳʯִǰһΪڵڡ
䣬ʯ֮䴫һһϸ춯ʯͷĦ졣

춯ԽԽһֻֻʯִӾʯ˳ĺҡ˶
ԶԶȥ׳ۡ

½º⿴ôĸߴʯ֣̲סԼеĴͣɵôʯ֡


һֻߴʯȳ˹
Զӳгֻʯն䡣

ŵһֻʯֳ˳һȺʯֺӿ
ĺҡȻӳ⽣տһʯնɱ⽣£лߣ嵽лǰʯָһˡ

л䲻֡
һ֣ħض¶Ҳͱ¶ˡ

л״üۣҡˣá
ĺҡⲢл䳯һ˹ȥ

½º״еͲһҡһǩ
Ѹٱ֮󣬳󺰵ߣߡ

δ֮£һֻʯֳ˹
½ºѸսеĴ񣬻ǱĽУеĴӶȥ

䣡


½ºԭûбκϣģӶһ˲֮ȻһĨ̹⻪
еĴٶȱó˽̹⻪Ķնֻʯ֡
ײ֮ʱֻʯֺȻ顣

½ºʱһͣǺ类ĺҡն֮£űóɽġ

ʼϿɵģĺҡ⣬½º⡣
ڶɴó񳤽һȴ½ºԼԿն
֤½ºѾõ񽣵ĳϿɡ

½º״˷ӶеԾԾԡ

ĺҡע½ºߵ״Ƽ½ºԾԾԣ½º⣬Ϊ⡣
ѾΧԽԽʯ֣ѾϾ˼½ºǱߵ

½ºԣսе񽣡
ӨӨ̹⻪ӵõϿɵ˷֮г侲

ʯּ½º˹
½ºӶ񽣣ʼԼĶͻƶȥ

ֻǣʯһ½ºֿʼæ
һֻʯֳע֮ʱȻͻƶ
½º֮ⷢʱὣȥѾˡ

䣡
ʯֺһȭ½º
½º񽣣̲ס˳ȥ


һӨ׽ת˲ֻʯֻնڽ¡
Ҷָ߰½º⣬÷ϰɵ

½º̧ȥԼǰǵ°ȹŮӣʧ
ҶгٶӳʯնɱˣֲŻص½ºߣͷĿڵɵûûŻĻ͸Ͻ

ѵҪһ
Ҷݽ˫ŶеİţǱӨ׵買Ľͽһ㡣

½ºԣæӵվе񽣡
Ҷ½ºеĽüԭеĴǽͦÿġ

½ºĽе񽣵˹ȥ
Ҷ״һ۰ףֲҪĽ
ɵɵ

ˡ
Ҷ΢̧򢣬תߡ
ҪǼɵû˹ܣֲãΪͣŲ
ԶʦֶҲˣ

ԶʦأҶ̲סʵ
ת½º⣬Լ½ºбŵͲ򣬵½ѣҪһ㣬Զʦĸ򣿡

½ºڵǿԣǲ֪ڻ㲻׼
㡣Ҷֻ˵֡

½º⽫Ͳ˫֮Уҡ
ðΣҶȵòͷˣ½ºųɵӦҲǶ桭Ƕ档

ҶʵǶ棿Ƕ棿
档½º
˵գɫЩҲ֪Ϊʲô
оﲻ̫һˡ

ҶͷǾߡ
δ䣬˳ȥ

߳ԶҶ½º⻹վԭɵ㶵ģ߲ߣ
ߣˡ
½ºһӦţһ׷˹ȥ

һߣĺҡл䱻Щʯ׷ţ׷˾ʯָ


⽣ɨ֮£ǰһƬʯָնɱ˸ɾ

лˣΪĺҡǡ
Ÿһ̧ĺҡ֪뷨ָȥڵڵʱ붼Ҫ롣

ĺҡҪħֱӰöԿóԼħȥ
лᴹüۣ͵ӦðɣҶҡ˵ġ

ĺҡлӦ̧ȥ²ǰЩʯֵȵ֮Ӧþͻ᳹ʧ
лѰһҰȫ֮ܿЩŰʯ֡

ʱէһ˲ԶתƵʯֺͣ붯ԭأʧҫ֮¡

ĺҡ״֮߳ȥҹȻûв´
һȴûлĶתȥûƼл䡣

ĺҡ߻Ǹ֮ҲɲлӰ
üͷл䣿
ֻһؿռŵķڻӦ



лۼĺҡ߳ȥʶ˹ȥ
Ƴ֮ʱȴû׷ĺҡӰ

Ǿʯ֮е󷨽ҡ˷ֿˣ
лվԭδ߶

ԶһϸĽŲ֮һỽ
ƹһߴľʯлϡ

л̧һϮµѩ
ѩǽŲ΢٣ת˹

ͬһʱ̣лѩǺԥĺȻ֣ŶԷϮȥ

ɱ֮ģԼͬ






101.  һһ   㡭ʦ㣬ûС



ѩԥ̧, гӳһƬâӶ䳯лȥ

лȫȻ, Ĵħӿ, ۳ƣȻ, ˲ȴǹ, ѰԴ

ɫâӿĺ˲û
˿ԭ׹֮ʱ, ȴһй

лһ, ӽ֮С
ں֮, лȴ˿ܵӰ졣

ѩ˵̫֮ħȻԲٷŹħ
ħΪڻ񾳽֮, Σ

ڶ˾ʯгѩӿһС
ħ, ѩȻκβ֮

˲䣬ѩѾһ޸֪ġ, ֪ƣ, ֪ʹࡣ
ڱ־侲֮, ôᱻħ˼


ѩеĳħ, Ҫ̧ˡ
֮еһ, ½Ǳ΢紵ϸ졣

ѩüĿһƬ֮ɫ, ɱٶڶ, ʹгħ֮ºȻ鷭
һӣɨ

֮Уһʧˡ
֮, ֹš
·Ҳûκܹѩ
Ǹħں֮߶ҲʧˣХķҲ

ѩһˣ޸֪
һ˲ȻʲôҲоˡ

һе־
ѩڴ˿Īоһ޶˶Ŀ־У
·˴ʱھʯ֮УҲԼǸħͻȻ佩ԭ

ĪĿ־Ϯѩڲ֪Żԭճ֣еĳȥ
⻮Ӳľʯ̶ѩȴͬûһ㡣

лϢ߽΢紵һ½ǣϸ졣
ѾѩȻѩûзĴڡ

ħóǣܹƼ֮£ҲܹΪ־֮¡

ԭѩļһΪ־¾ȻԼĳһ޸֪޲ĳ
Ȥǣѩ˿־ԵɾȻΪǸĽѩ˶
Լɺ벨ˣһһ㣬ĽѩԶ

л侲վѩ󣬴Ȼһذ
ذ׺âһ

лԥ֮ʱѩǿȻӹһĨ񻪡

лذ͵ش̽ѩ֮УͬһʱѩΪǿӳ񻪶˲սгִȥ


֮£ħƿ
׹

ڴʱʯٱ䣬ٶһ䣬ԭڽֵлѩ󱻷ֿ

л̧֣סԼ˵ۡ
Ѫָ֮»˳

ղžɹѩ֮ʱѩǿ֮дǵ񻪽ѩˡ
ǡɺ
лĬȻ˵

ʯù󣬶ѾûѩӰ



ĺҡ⺰һл䡱Ӧ֮󣬱ЩԾ֮⡣
Ǿʯ֮лֿˣ

ĺҡڴ˵ȴ˺һлһֱδ֣߳ǿʯ֮
ʯ֮д۸ӣвʧС

ĺҡû̫ԶŲͻȻס
лħ⸽ɢôȥߣûǸط

л䲢ǳ嶯սߣܹлպֿͳֵˣֻһˡ
лѩǸӣ
Ҳ˵ѩĽѩ˿Ҳʯ֮С

ĺҡ⻺ü
лѩϣӦл䲻Կ
ѩΪ·еΪ֮ӣȴѱһЩ

ĺҡھʯãҲѰȥл֮صķ
ʯ֮ٻ仯Ī⣬ӦǽǷ֮Զһռ档

ĺҡ̧ȥվһʯǰ档
˼ã⽣տնǰһʯȥ

ڴʱһ㣬ʯٻ仯
ĺҡǵտǿʯ˲ʧǰ


⽣һտٶ

֮ģһ
˱ǵտε˵ϡ

΢ϰϰ
ĺҡ⽣ԶֵǵӰ

ðΣĺҡ߹ȥȿڵǸҸղͼƿٻû뵽ٻ仯Ѵҽɨ֮

㡭㡭
ĽѩԾɵڵϣʶ̧ȥ
ĺҡһ˲˺һĺҡ֡

ĺҡⲻΪѣ
ĽѩʶԼԾɴߣĺҡӦûϳġ

Ľѩ֣סֻ֣վ
ĺҡתȥæ㡭

ĺҡͣ½Ųʵѣϴ𣿡
ǵġ
Ľѩ׷˹ȥվĺҡǰϴŵȡڵҰ

ĺҡ⻺̧Ľѩ⣬ȻЦԭĽʦð
ԭĽʦҲƶؾ֮УһûйϲһĽʦء

ĽѩԣĺҡĺĽʦáȴ֪ʲôζˡ
ҧ´꣬ͨȥɽ֮еʮõһƶؾŽġ

ĺҡܹɽ֮ôʿӱΪʮ˵еһˣĽʦûǺġ
𣿡Ľѩɵ

ĽʦԼԼȥñأĺҡ
һŬġ
Ľѩԣűĺҡ϶ϲúͿġ

ĽѩԾһ塣
ڴʱ巺һĨٶĽѩע
ȥ̯֣ǿ¶֮¡

ĺҡĽѩǿ壬΢ʵͬ˵ϵֶ𣿡
Һ͡ĽѩͻȻ»żҺ֮ϵֶΡ

Ľѩ˵գԼղ飬æڸղţҲаħ֮ŰҲаħ֮ľԴ

Ϊʯ֮еٻֿˣǸаħҪȥ˺ģҸղϵ硣
֮󣬾ʯֵٻãĺҡ⡣

Ľѩ⿪ڵ㡭ʦ㣬ûǸаħûˣ
û뵽ǣƶؾ֮УȻҲаħû

ĺҡתĽѩ⣬ǿʵĽʦãǲҪȥ磿
ΣգȥĽѩ

Ľʦãٻ֮ʧɢˣҲЩͬʧɢˣӦòͬһ·ʹ˷ֱɡ

ǡ
Ľѩʶ˵Щʲôȥһֲĺҡ뿪
òֲżİ

ðΣĽѩɿڵʵǿһȥ˵ġ

ĽѩһȥңҵлʱҪ˰ɡ
ĺҡԣЦЦĽʦþȥȽϺãȥҵͬȽϺʣ

Ľѩٶ˳Ĭ֮С
ȻȥҸҪǸˡ

ǽûʧȥǶμ䣬һһȥġ
磬ǴСһ𳤴İ

ĽʦüȻ޷ҾǻǸԷֿȥԼͬȽϺã𣿡
ĺҡ⾲Ľѩ⣬顢׵ԥ˸
գʲôҲû˵

ʱ˿̣ĽѩŵǿٶȷһĨ񻪣Ľѩָһڵķ

ĺҡ״˹֣ҿѩߵúЩڵ㡣ĽʦòЩȥɡ

˵գĺҡתȥ
Ľѩǿ壬עĺҡȥķ
ðΣͻȻǸ׷˹ȥ

Ľѩƹǿʯ֮ʱʯٻٶ仯ֻƼһѩ½˲ʧǰ
û׷Ͻ㡣

Ľʦã
ֵʱԲԶһЩɵ

Ľѩվֱ壬תȥƼԶʱʦ֣Ҳʯ֮С
Զ߹Ľѩ⣬֮ϲ㣬ʵĽʦôƶؾ

Ľѩ⽫һֻŵʦ֣õʮ֮һԾͽˡ
ԶԣϲĽʦãĽʦǶһ𣿡

Ľѩҡҡͷ͵ƶؾ֮磬Һһʯ֣ȴΪٻֿˡ
ԶעĽѩһֻŵ壬ĽʦڿҪѰʦ֣һжɡ

Ľѩԣɫӹһ˿֮ɫ뵽ǰĺҡǷԻɵʦӦҲһʯֵİɣʦֲȥͬ𣿡

Զٻ֮бĪ⣬ҪҵҶʦҲ£һж˾ʯܻϵġ
Ľѩͷá

Զ¶Ľѩ⣬͵Ľʦãҿҽ⽣գʧʯֵٻ֮С



ĺҡתһսǣٻһα仯ɵ̽ʶȥϸ۲еı仯

ٻ仯ֽһӰ͵ĺҡǰ
ĺҡ̧ȥԶ߳һϮ°׳ۣϴһߣʳγ⡣

ģ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱ˹ڣġ
ĺҡңң֣ڣĺҡ⡣

ڵӣġ
һ֮еĴʦ֣ΪŵͬڴǰȻڽʱΪǵ洫ϵһĴڡ

ĺҡ̧ȥֻܿΪڻ񾳽磬ȴ޷͸ľǻڣǻ۷Ϊ
žΪӵذɡ

ĺѣҲͬʧɢˣĳѯʵ
ɤʯðԽ

ĺҡͷҲǣ
ǵõڶһǺоģΪڴʦ֣ѵҲԾʯٻκβã

ǡ̹ȻǶһ˽ʯУʯеٻĪ⣬Ҫһٻ󡣡

ĺҡ⻺߹ȥѯʵѶٻ󣬿ƽ֮

һЩͷˡĴ
ָ̧⴦ӳһĨ

Щ֯ϸߣڰ֮УĿ֮£ģս֯һĵͼ

ĺҡ״̧Ű֮еǸͼȥ
ָ򸽽һطڵٻ֮д˺üգٻϰٴα仯Ψֻһطٻû

ĺҡϸ۲Ļ⸱ͼָ⴦ӿһĨ֯˿˿ƵߣǸͼ֮ϣδƵһһС֡

ȥһ֮ءĺҡ͵
Ǿлʧɢ֮Ľѩ֮ǰһط

ĺҡָԼǿԵͼӳһǵٻһʧˡ
Ŀ϶

Ŀһ֮أһ˫γ֮жЩϸĹ
˷ܣо͸󷨵ĳɾ͸С

Ŀĺҡ⣬ʵĺҲ𣿡
ûѧ̫ࡣ
ĺҡǰڱѩ֮ʱݷ۽Ǹ󷨣ֻѧһ󷨡

ԣһ˲
ԭΪĺҡѧһʱ󷨵ģܹһۿٻ֮еǴ׼ȷҵͻƷ򣬻ӳһġ
û뵽ĺҡֻѧһ󷨶ѡ

ֻѧһ󷨣ܹ˷ٻ֮е
λĺӵмߵ츳ǱǸ̵Ǹ֮ˣһмо







102.  һ   ħɽͽ⡭


ĳĺ, ֮ϣӦмߵ츳
𣿡
ĺҡԣ´, ȻݷۺҲ츳

˵, ʯٻ仯
ĺҡһۣԼͬڴʱ̽ʶ, óԼǿһٻ֮еĳһͬȥ


䣡

տ, Ȼ, ٻ֮ʱһʯ˲顣
˵Ȼһ, һ, ʯΪγ

ٻһƣĺҡѸ̽ʶ, ϯ̽ȥ
ĺҡתֵ, ٻƣҾһˡ

˵, ĺҡӳ, һƬʯγ֮, ˳ȥ
Ĺ˹, ƼĺҡһϮѩת˲ʧ֮, ջĿ⡣

ĺҡʶ, ʯ֮ѰлӰ
ʱĳһ˲, һίԲԶҡˡ

ĺҡȻͣΣתȥ
лվһľʯǰ, ׹ȴǰľʯסлһϮӳӰ֮£Ϊһ塣

ĺҡִⷢ˴лֱ֮

ĺҡ첽ߵлǰƼлֱ۴ǵ˿ڣʵѩ˵ģ
šлӦ

л佫޳ѩ׵ֱ֮ϣһЩĽ˿棬ѪѾѪ衣
ѩ֮Уþ޷ϡ

ĺҡⴹȥҩȡ
лգۣһֻ֡
֮Уһƿҩ

ɽеҩħ֮еҩȻǲͬġ
лħͲɽеҩˣֻóħҩС

ͬĵǿ֮򵽵Ҳ޷лϡ

ĺҡȥлùҩִӴռ֮ȡһذлӦûۣŵ㡣
л侲ţŴһ

ĺҡǰذףлֱѾѪ˿ٶȻơ
ͬʱֱߵ⽣տ⻪л˿֮еЩ˵⣬ķӶ⽣˲ɱ

л˿֮еĽĺҡ⽫ƿҩ򿪣ǵ˿ܱߡ
лͻȻһ֮ŵ͵͵ѹ֮⡣
üħʼֹסɢ

ԡ
ĺҡѸٽеҩͿĨлǵ˿⣬Ա

Ϊĺҡһԡлԭ˲ۼħҲ˲ɢˡ

һкĺҡ̧Ŵл䣬֪Լۣȥðգ

лΪ۶˿˿һˮ⣬ӳ֮£ʢһĻǰ㡣
ֻײѩ̲סȥɱѡ

ңҲͱһܵ˻ҪһЩлҫ

ĺҡҼǵҴǰ˵ʲô
ҡ˲Ҫˡл͵ͳ

ĺҡԣԶԡ
˵ôඣĻлɵӵͷֻסһ仰
ʵϡ

ǵò
ĺҡȥлȥۻ֪ͺá

л΢üۣĺҡ⣬Ҳûκζ
ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬ؾԿóɡ

л䲻ֻƶؾûн

ĺҡл֮͵ɽˣǺϵģҪصħȥ˲С

ҿ̡л
ĺҡĿ֮͸żֻɣ㲻ƽ۵ˣ

ٻƣʯ֮нӿʿ
ʱлΪ˶޷Լħݱ¶֮ĺĺҡⲻȥ룬Ҳȥлˡ

֮лЭҡ
ԡĺҡӦ

ʯ֮УвʿٻѾˣڴӾʯڴ̽
ĺҡлΣȥܿȺߡ
Ǻܿͳ˾ʯַΧȥ

Լʱ֮ĺҡлһ֮С
ĺҡ̽Ļȷ֮󣬲л佫ǰؾԿ˳

ʱ˿̣ĺҡһʵ£诵¶ûؾ𣿡
лӦҡ˵ģʲô说һȺ½ȫԼܸûˡ

ƶؾ֮ʱ说һȺȥʿڷһ֮ʱ˸ͷ

诺ȺޣȺ¸˸ɾȻ课ˡлӦһֵܣҼǽͦĬġ

һֵܣǽޡ
ĺҡһ뵽˸һ븵һˣӦҴ֪˭ˡ

ôʮӽҡôҲȫ̲ǡ
ôһͣҡ˾Ͳµ˭ˣ

лĲʲôĵĳʵ˭
һһĺҡ̹Ȼʶ

ŶлӦڵҡ˺ܶµѣҲѹֲҪˡ

ɽһ仰У˿ޣֻЦʲôġ
ǡֻЦ˿ޡţ
лҲ̫ǵˡ

ĺҡԣЦˣл䣬˵ٶٿҲı䲻ϾҪȥʵˣˣǲġ
лԣӴռ佫ǰؾԿ˳ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡⲻΪʾҿߡ
лָ̧⣬һĨħעǰԿ֮УԶֳһĨİ⡣

Ĩİ⽫˵˺ѿʵȶһͨ
лûΣĺҡ⡣

ðκлŻ߳ҡˣһҪ㣬ǲҪȺܾúܾˣ
ĺҡⲢδӦֻǿлǴ֮ͨеӰ

ҶŬһЩħȫ£ǸħλҲҡ˻

ҡ˲ҾٶһЩ취ħ綼ҵĻȻħɽԵ㡣

лҡ˵ħɽͽˣǲҾܾˣ
վ֮ͨУ֮󣬲ĺҡһӦ

ǰɡ

ĺҡעͨر֮󣬲ջĿ⡣
վԭǰлóǰؾԿף˼á

ƺǴ۪࿪ʼЩˡ
۪һֻСӣôɱԼȫ壬Ȼƶؾ֮Уϰģ

˵˭۪ƶؾģ
˭
˭

ڼлǰԿ֮ǰĺҡһֱûͨһ㡣
ֱл佫ǰѿԴƶؾԿ˳ʱŽһжϵ

леǰؾԿħ¥ġ
ô¥ڰ֮ǰҲǼпӵԿ׵ġؾԿѾ¥кܶˡ

Ϊɽ֮УһؾԿ׶ˣٻиϢ
ֻʱ̫ԶˣԶǧǰǧǰ£ǲŲôἰؾԿױ֮¡

ħ¥۪һֻӵҰĺͼƿصԣһС˵ľ֡
¥Сħ

ĺҡħ¥磬ȴԼ֮жļ䶼Ѿ̫ˡ
ħ¥ħĪ⣬ûжħʵݡ

ĺҡǵԼֻ׹ħ֮ʱ¥ʵݡ
ʱֻǴҴһƳ

ĺҡⴹ˼Ƭ̣תȥ
ʱ֮󣬵ĺҡһߵʯڴʱҶ½º⡣

Ҷĺҡ⣬Ҽʯֵٻˣͺ½ڴԶʦ֡
ûȵԶʦ֣ȵȵĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ⿴Ҷ뱧񽣵½º⣬ʵûʲô°ɣ
ҶߵڣС½ʲô¶

С½
ĺҡת½º⡣
½ºⱧӦҶѵıҲûˣȫ߳ʯ֡

ĺҡĿ½ºҶ֮ػۣüͷ΢£ͷǾͺá

Ҷûл䣬ʣҰҵС˶أ
ĺҡһƺ̲סŵ뿪ˡ

ҶԣҲٶʣǼھʯڴԶ
ֻڴ˵˺üʱҲԶ

ĺҡʱųھʯ֮УĽѩ⡣
ҶĽѩ⡱֣üĽѩ⣬ôأ֪ҾͲôˡ

Ҳ֪ԶôһĽѩ⣬ʲôˡ
ĺҡĬȻ˵

ҶĽѩ⡱֣ݼԭ˷ܵһûˣȱȱĵ߰߰ɣؾмʱޣȥĵطߡ
½ºɵҶѣôˣ

ܲã˵Ҷ
һֱԶϵɵȵؾʱ֮ʱûȵԶϵ

Ҷﲻˬȴ޿κΣֻ
ִ򲻹ĺҡ⣬ֻ½º

һգƶؾһʾƶؾرգؾ֮еʿ׼

ĺҡ̧ȥ
ƶؾԵ߸ķҲƶؾչأʼʧؾ֮У֮С

С˱չض֮ʱʱѾӵĴΪ˺գصɽС

ƶؾؾ֮еʿһһ˳ȥ
ĺҡֻ⻷ͻȻһ䣬ٶ̧ȥ֮ʱѾصɽС
˴ǰƶؾƬտ֮ء

Զۻֶƴվ֮ϣڶ˳

ֵʱԶһλʦ㡣
ĺҡ⿴ȥϳλʦ㣬ǵʱ䴫Ѷ᰺˪λʦ㡣

˿̣λʦݼȴЩ֮ɫĺҡߣڵĺʦã㵱ҴѶҽճ֮ʱһѶˡ
лһƬѶ

ĺҡԣһ˲ȥ
ðΣųѯʵλʦ㣬ѶԭҪ˭ģ

λʦɵԭҪ˪ǵѶ
˪ǵѶˡ

ƶؾ֮޷ѶѶڳؾһ˲ȥǸС

ѶڴʱͻȻˡ
֤Ѿˣ޷յѶ

˪Ȼˣ






103.  һ   ڵһʱȥ


˪Ȼˣ
ĺҡϢ֮ʱ, ʶǾòܵġ

ǵһգ۪˪αװ֮ʱܿ˪Ҫ֮

Ϊһ˿ڶΪ˵Ļ, ǾԲܵġ

, ڡ·ԭ֮У˪Ǵͷβúúõġ
ֻ, ԭ֮У˪Ϊ̫֮൤ҩ, ٳδܽ׻, Ҳδ

, ˪ս֮, ˽⣬ǰ˻, ôܻ᲻硶·ԭ֮еΪƶؾ֮С

ĺҡ⻺üͷʦԹٴһѶʦ㣿
λʦ, ̧˪Ѷó, ע, ٴһѶ˪

ʯע˪Ѷ֮ʱ, ԼֳһĨѶ, ֮, ȴǰ˲Ƭ

ֵʱ, Ҷƶؾ֮бͳ, ôĺҡⲻԶ
תĺҡ⣬ҲƼǵȻƬһ˲, ߹ʵôˣ

λʦƼҶɿڵҶʦãҳŸʦ㴫һѶȻѶˡ

Ҷҡͷϵܣ
Ȼ˪ƽ̬£˪һ֮ܺˣôܻƶؾ֮أ

أ
ĺҡ侲ʵ

˪һӽƶؾģ֮һضϵʽ

ĺʦҴʦֵǵѶǴ˳ȥһֱûеõظλʦʵ
ҶԣᰵѶȡҲᰴ˵Ѷȥ

Ҷ͸ᰵѶûбȴɸλʦ㴫ȥѶһûκζ

ǴȥѶûжҪô֤ᰴʱһ޷յѶĵطҪôᰲҶ

ҶôһԼĹϵô棬ҲҪҶһѶŶԡ

˼״˳Ĭ֮С
ĺҡ⿪ڵȽ¸֪ɡ
Ҷͷá

һߣƶؾ֮ӳ
Ľѩæ֣ѩס硣

ǰƶؾ֮оʯֵٻƽ⣬ĽѩԶһˣȴҵգҵѩ
Ľѩⷢѩ֮ʱ丹ǵ˿֮Ѫ˿˿Ƶħǵ⣬þòϡ

Ľѩڸ֪ǵаħ֮ʱԼЩԤУǸаħǳѩȥ

һԶ̧ԶۣȽʦַ۰ɡ
Ľѩԣȴһ˲ɵҲǳġ

Զ͵£ۣȥһͺãĽʦòҲǽڵ𣿡
Ҳʦֵʦ᲻ġ

ĽѩԣҧŴ꣬ͷӦ

֮ϡ
ĺҡ˵ķ֣üͷڵ˪֮£һͽƴȥ̽ģҲҪģĴ֮ϣš

˵䣬۽Ƴ˱˷סѩƤͻȻһæ߹ȥôˣ
Զʦƶؾ֮аħϮ

Զؾ֮е˵¡
ԣȴĵͽôˣͷβһֱˣǺаħйء
ͽǺаħʲô˲õĳ

Ƽ˷סѩŮӣϳĽѩǵĽΨһѵĺӡ
ĽҲţҲǱаħˡ

Ľѩ
Լᵽ˽ƶؾʮ֮һ˵˳

Ľѩ⣬Ҳһ𷵻ţסӡڵ
ĽѩɳˣΪⰲŷ䣬չͿˡ

úãͽͰиˡ
ԣҲٶ˵Щʲôˡ
Ҫͬȥ̽ƶؾ֮е᰺˪

ͽģһȫƶؾˣܸһչ˵ʮס

ĽѩӦתĺҡ⣬Ų΢ɣȴǾȽѩطˡ
ţкܶȥҽġ

ĺҡעѩǵ˿ڣƽ
ԶĽѩ˵ƶؾ֮аħ֮ʱҲδκ仯

ʱĽѩѩԶ֮ĺҡٶǰȻƶؾ֮¸֪

Ȼһδӻֱӽ˾磬϶Ҫڷ֮бչõģյϹȫɾˣŻƹض

ԣͷúӣǺúӰ
һΣǷȻӻֱӽ˾һ´˳ȥ˺ȻΪ֮ͬеһ˽ʵ
ϼһҪЦˡ

ֻǷȻ䲻٣ǴΪһ֮ϣһѳԽǵˡ
̲ס뵽ԼǼͽܣɵ̾һ
ϣȻǣսħ

ĺҡ⽫Ȼ֮˵ǣתԼķȥ

һߣҵڵĽƣԼ洫ƶؾ֮ʧ֮˵˵ʵƴϿҪһͬƶؾ֮̽

ΪϳСһߵ˶ʱ˵֮£͸ˡ

ȥҵҪȥƶؾ֮УʲôԻ֮Ƴ
ϳСˡ

ƾ֮󣬾зؽڣѶýɱĳǰӦ

ƶؾͨǰͣԼһʱ䣬ȷƶؾ֮Ҳûӻ֮󣬿ʼ̷ؽڡ

ͬʱƳͨڸյһԿףٶȿƶؾ
ÿ꿪һε֮⣬ʱƶؾ֮Ǽȶģ˴ʿ֮⣬˸ٽС

ƶؾһƷӳת˲ؾ֮ڡ
ʶһɨĺҡ˵ƺܿ˵ߵ췣֮ء

ȥֱĵºھɫ֮·Ĺ⻪
ػãҲûҵ᰺˪Ӱ

Ƽ״ֶۣڵҵһ׷ԴͷҪһԣ
Ƭ̣Ӧãƴ

ԣָ̧Ĭ׷Դͷط
۶ӿ֮С⸡֮ʱշڴ˵һЩ濪ʼ֡

һʼǡ˪ֽ̧ĺҡ֮С

Ĳ̫һôһڵӵɱ

ƴҲΪ֮бһĺҡȫȻҶ𾪵ˣ૵Ůδض
عƳ۽ƣ⻹ýƴ˵ҽڵӸǺġ

䣬Ʒɳ뻭УȻ׷
⾹Ȼһɱĳ棿

ŷĺҡ̡ⷴĺҡԸȻȵһϵйĪ֮½ݡ
췴תϼһﶼû뵽ôʡ

ʼýƴʩչ׷ԴͷطˣԼԼˣôýһ˿

ƻǽھŷ˴֮ͣԷ鰡

ߵҽڲúܣƴѵû⼸ӶЩ̫Ծ𣿡
һ۱㿴ڳĸСһ棬ֻĺҡһ˴ʼնʶѵġ

Ʒȥ
һתᰱȻ׳ȥ췣ǰ׷Դͷ֮ʼüȶ

Ŀתţʱĳһ˲ƼԭԲѵ˪㱵֮⣬ߣᰴˡ

Ȼ˪ᰴˣΪΡ
˴ɵüͷʵ˪ƺЩ̫Ծ

췣֮ĻƵ׷Դͷ֮û취ٻԭˡ
״ӳ˳Ż֮˪ᰴߵķ׷ȥ

ڲ澫ʡ

ƽطһգ֮ȥ



ҹɫ٣¸߹ҡ
ǱƲ֮Уһ·ڵķȥ

ĺҡص֮˪֮ʱϵöӰȡ˳ʼ䵱յ

ǵʶ۪̽һӺǽɱ֮󣬳׶Ͼ۪ĺ·ӦòʲôŶԡ
֮ܵ췣Ӱ죬Ӱ沢δ˪ӰС

ĺҡ⽫ӰóԼ洫ƣֳһʶǴؿռ֮С

⻷һ䣬۴Ծѩס
żŷѩ䣬ҹĻ֮Уһ¸߸߹Ͷˮһ

ĺҡ̧ȥƼݷԶһ̤ת˲ǰ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬͵ͳҵܾˡ

ĺҡ´ڵСʦ棬Ѿƶؾˡ
Сʦ治˵ѩ֮еȥưɣ

˺ܿѩ֮ǰѩĴ򿪡
֮ĺҡһѩʱЩɻ

ĺҡⲻɵɻתݷۡ
ݷۺīΨ¶¹µļѩһ㣬

ݷ߹յں
˴еȷһյԭŵĵϨˡ

ĺҡ̧߹ȥָ̧⣬ӿһĨտ⻪Ǹյ֮ϣ
ԭ֮ȱһǵĹ֮󣬵Խ

ĺҡƺתȥСʦ棬ֻһյϨ𣿡
ݷ۵Ҳ֪ջ᲻бĵϨ𡭡

ûϵûµʱ򣬻ᾭģ
ĺҡ˵գȻƼݷ۵ʹüۣʶʲô
СʦԴ¹¶ˡ

˼ˣĺҡ߹ȥݷۣСʦ棬һһֱһֱġ
𣿡ݷ۵ʵ
ġ
ĺҡͷ

ͬʱĬȻ˵ҲϣСʦܹһֱһֱҡ

ݷҪ˵㻰ٰŪˡ
ĺҡƼݷֻ֣գۣȻ˵㻰
ȥԼֻֻϡ

ĺҡܵݷ֮䴫⣬ͬ׷ɵıѩһɵóСʦ棬ֺ
Ǳʿ־ȻҲûݷ۵

ȵһ¡
ݷԣ˻
ٶ̧һԣһξԲˡ

ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬˹ȥ
ഥ֮ʱ΢ůĸоݷ֮䴫˹䴽ЦھͲˡ

ĺҡʵСʦ棬𣿡

ħⱱѩԭԲġݷ۵͵ͻůˡ

ݷ۽˴֮ãֽһӦ׼ȫˣʼΪĺҡ衣
һƮ

⴦ؿռ裬ʵ֮вκ
ĺҡеǱ裬ԽԽԼ⴦ؿռˡ

Ǳ裬ĺҡ̧ȥʵСʦ棬һʡ
˵֪ģҶģκݷ

ĺҡüͷʵڽ֮У洫ͷѪȼıơƻһǰһյг᲻ʲôԸֱƵĻ

ĺҡ˼ȥܹǾ˪ˣ̫Īˡ

ңֵһǣڳֻ۪۪࣬ȻΪΪչ˯ᰲ֪٣ֻһ˰ȫص˽ڡ

ȴʱ򣬷˪֮Ψһȫص֮ˣͳˣ

̫ɺϣɺϵö첻һɺˡ
ʲôˮϡ

ݷ۾ĺҡĽͣųϳһоģҽط֪㡣
֣ʾĺҡϸϸ

ĺҡһֱעţ۽˲Ҳ˲
ݷ۽Ƶ̶չʾһ飬ֻʣһͷѪʱŵͷӦˡ

ǰڷյûûеоȼıơ
ݷתĺҡ⣬Ϊȼһյƣ𣿡
ѯĺҡ

ĺҡԣδκԥ֮⣬ֱӵͷȻԣСʦ棬ҲҪͷѪ𣿡
㸩ݷۿڵ

ȵĺҡ⸩֮ʱݷۻȥָĺҡü֮䡣
ĺҡֻݷüļһ㣬㿴һüѪݷָϡ

ݷ۽һüѪע뱾֮Уָ𷨾ǰյƳ׵
ԭ΢Ļ⻺ӳݷһ˫

ĺҡʵСʦ棬üѪͷѪʲô𣿡
üѪһʿʶʶʿʶ֮ҲΪҪĸ֮һ

𡭡üѪȼĳƱͷѪȼĳƻЧһЩ
ݷ

üѪȼĳƣĺҡΣ֮ʱڵһʱȥߣ

ۺʱεأҲǷϡ

ִڡ






104.  һ   ޣ乫ͬ


, ΢塣
Ҷ߳ȥӭˣֳ¼ò, 

һϮ, òò, Ȼڡ
¼Ҽ衣
ֶۣ, ΢˹, ҶҲǱ

֪¼, ν°Ҷʵ
üСŮ˪ڽڵıһ, ҳɱСŮ֡

ҶԣƬ, ŵ¼֪ΪƶؾѾȥƶؾ֮У֮ʱ, ض¼һġ

Ϊ飬ۼΪʵҲκ˵Ľ, ֻ轣ڱһ, ׷Դͷ, 鿴СŮ򡣡
Ѿ·ȡ

˪뽣, Ϊ洫ǰ·¡

ԼƬӺ, ·ȡһյѾϨı, ˪ĳơ
·͵˪ĳƶؾٶȿ֮ʱ, ڶӳϨġ

˵ȴҲ˵˪ġ
ƶؾ֮иһѱ˵˪֮Ҹ, ʱؾٶȿѶϢŴ˳

趢յƣֵ·Ϊ˪ĳʩط׷򡣡
·ԣҶҶͷ֮󣬲׷ݹ

ӨӨ⻪֮У·еıٶȱֳһĻĻ档
˪Ǵһ֮žδκˣʱĳһ˲һֻӴ˽

˪ӽչǰһյȫ档
趢Ż֮滺ˣֻϳԱߵķȻȴûϳȻǸŮ˭

Ů˭ʵ
Ҷ֮еĺҡ⣬͵֮½洫ӣĺҡ⡣

ĽĿڵ
ĺɫĺϵĺĽҵĽ

˺ԻҵĻ˪ıһ˳ʱ汻һ˪Ǳĺҡ֮УѪӿ

Ƽ֮ϵĺҡⱻһ̴磬ȴüͷһ£ٶȳĺҡĵЩŹ֡
Ҷ¼ʱµһʧصķȻҶ

ĺҡûйŹ֮˪ΪҪԵ޹ʵĴһü
ɱֳ֮ģֻл棬ûκ

ûã㿴еĺҡȻſ˽µƷ𣬷ֽ

ݣ
һտӳ̳֮ʱ˪ıϹһϨ֮ʧ
Ҳζš˪һ֮ģ

ȻüͷתҶ·ʵѿ˪֮еĻ棬ɻбĻҪӱ⣿

ǳĺҡģɱŮ



һ·Ʋ֮䣬ʱ֮ʱһҹٴ
ۼװ½½վ˲ʿʼͬʶ֮˽ƶؾ֮еĵá

ĺҡϢһҹ֮ʰ߳˷䡣
ڳ֮ϣͬĸһ

˴ʶһۺ󣬸һע⵽ĺҡΪѾԪӤڣ΢ҡʦõΪ
ؾ֮ãѾԪӤˡĺҡ⿪ڵ

˲߳ȣվ¥ݴ
׹շ˿˿Ƶů֮⡣

ʦֻǵõڽڽʱҵԼ𣿡ĺҡʵ
һӦǵã˵ԪӤ֮ʱҽһԡ

Ȼ˽ڣǡ
ĺҡ⻰δ䣬֮⴫һ죬Ļϡ

ĺҡ븵һͬʱ̧ȥ֮⡣
ת˲ۼװ֮ϣϵĵӶΪǲǼ˷

֮մ˺ѣһӰѷ֮˳

֮¼ӵܣƼѷ֮߳裬Щ֮⡣

¼Ҽ裿
ĺҡ⻺̧ע֮߳裬üͷ
¼ҼƲơ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱ佫ʶһɨսĿһߵĺҡϡ
趢ĺҡ⣬ĺҡ⣿кͬţɱСŮҪ


¼˵Ӷô򵥵
һͻñӿͷϣĺҡ⾹ȻԶԡ

һ֮ϵڶΪ֮һ׷׽ĿͶĺҡϡ
ĺҡ⹰˹֣ƽǰ˵⻰Ҫ֤ݵģƽ޹ʵľԩˡ

һЦ佫һλ˦˳СŮڽڵıĻ档
֮ϣѵ𣿡

ĺҡԣ̧ȥƼν֤ݣֻһֽ⽣̳Ļ棬ûǰûк

ǰƾôһûǰĪƬΣ;Ҳкͬţɱ˪
ĺҡⶼ챻ֶθЦˡ
νĺҡ

˵λ¼ҼʵҲɱ˪֣˪ı֮ȡһλ

֪˵λ¼Ҽֶθأ˵޴ˣ

ԣ֮УСŮ˪ɱҶ಻֪٣㻹ʲô˵
վǽڰ㣬ҲҪɱΪ˪ѩޣ

軰δ֮ʱָֽ̧£֮Ȼֳһ貹⻪Яž޴ƣ۶

֮ϣƴϲڣ֮е֮˶δˣθҳ֣
ֺ֣ܳαҪΪ˽һ洫ӣȥĴ֮һ¼Ҽأ

²侲һ㣡
Ҷմ۳֮гƼǿһֱ۶ɫɵһ䣬æ󺰵

ɼŭ֮µﻹ˵Ȱӳǵת˲ײ֮ϣʹƽʻ͵һ
ԭ֮⻹һǿķԵʴ֮ãһ֮£Ȼ鿪

ϷХĿ紵Уεۣæ

һӣת˲֮ϣĺҡ
ѹ

ĺҡһֱͣƽ


ĺҡǿ⽣տһ˲նɨӵдΪȥ
ԪӤʿһȫȻûȥᣬֱĺҡϮ

ԣ
ħȥĬȻһС
Ƕӡ

һգ˪ûɳƶؾ֮󣬾ʹ˪Ѷ
ʱڳ֮ˣ۪Ȼչس˯ᰲ֪٣˪֮ͲĿϡ

ĺҡ򴽲Ĵӿ⽣տ֮ʱѾʵ˽˲併ٴ˵ء
⽣ƺҲܵĲʣ

ĺҡڻ֮䣬ԼԺӿѪ


ڴʱһնĺҡе⽣
磬ƴһ㡣

һӶĺҡ⹲ͬһ¼Ϊ˹ִ϶ҡʦɱˣ

Ҷ۳֮ϱгһʹ⣬Եһ

״ЦãǺõúܣҽֻɱĺҡ⣬ΪСŮǶִͬˣǾͲҲˡ

䣡
ֻ̧Ӷһƺ˳ȥ
һλʿѹ˼Ҫ

ȴڴʱԽԽĽնһ֮ʵһ޴ĳ
ڴ˿ۼװ֮н޵һһ˲һ𣬳ȥ

ʵɵľ޴Ӱݺײһƣ˲飡

һ޴򲻹ʿأ
޴򲻹ʿĸʮأ

ӵޱȵĽ
ޣ乫֮ͬսǿһȺʿ






105.  һ   ĵǡ



, ֮ϣſХķ˶ϻš

һߵſ, һĿתĶһʵĻ֮µľ޴Ӱ, ﲻɵΪ֮һ
Ϊһڵ, ǵһš

ӳһƣ۶Ľ⻮ơ
׵ȻֳһѪ

֮, Ѿܾû, ˵ǱǰһȺ϶ûĽˡ

, 軺ջ, ԼƼһѪۡ
ӿ֮ʱǵ˵Ѫ۳׸ԭ

ĺҡ̧Ŷ, һ̾Ѿܾûˣ˵Ǳˡ
ͻȻһ˿̫ԤС

һ˲ٶȳ, գ֮䣬, Ļ֮µǵ޴Ӱ˲顣
ٶķȼעĺҡ⡢һҶϡ

ѹڳ֮˼Ҵ

ĺҡ⽣ֵ, ǰ, Ϊ˸˪֮Ѱһ, ֺαض֮ϵ˿ƣ

ɫ糣, Ҵ˿ֻɱ㣡
֮½, ҪССŮ״ַ֮

ĺҡƼʱ״̬, Ī뷨
֮½ϣ
Ц뷨

ɴʿֺγ֮µһöأ
ۺεΪ֮ˣΪϣ

ǰԭΪ˪֮޶鷳ģΪҲδǰǰ, ԸǷǰӣǰŻִҪɱңȴһͰĺҡ⻺

뵱ڸɵϣһĪеƫƫԸ


⽣ת˲뽣նȥ
ע֮£⽣տӶ֮йνݺ֮Ȼ˵ء

ʿΣ
⡰ৡһ£ɨһ
һѾ㹻ˣ㹻֤Ľ
䣬жʿֱһλʿһϮȥģ

տ֮ʱʶһ
ʶһ֮ʱݼ֮ɫ
ŮԲˣض

գ֮䣬ȫһ
һλڴʿȫһűɱ֮ģǺεȵĿɲ뺧Ȼ

ĺҡе⽣Σգʼ죬佣֮Ϸտ⻪Խ貶ҫۣȴδһλʿκη֮⡣

䣡

ڴʱ֮Ȼת˲˺գһӣһ˲

ˣ
Ҷ֮ӳվĺҡǰ̧衣

º͵ҶһĶŭˣ¼Ҵǰ˵˪֮֮ҽڻһġ

û뵽边ȻһʱƬ̶Ȳˣ˽ڣֱ˺նĺҡֻɱ
ͻȻЩԤУ֮ϵĽڵӻʲô£޷Ԥϡ

ͬʱҲڴʱϵ֮ϡ
ǽӵĴտϸɸڵӵģȴûôһСͷ˶顣

üƼһ֮ɫ裬ʵ裬û뵽ôȻ㱩ּУһûΪĴ֮һļȡ

䣬߬ҵҪĺҡʲôƱ֮Կ˵

ĺҡԣջ˽ѹºѪöӰӴռ֮ȡ˳͵ǰȡǶαƻ棬ȷҷִ˪һ

赱Ҫ䳰ȷ
ҶƳһۣټһԣһĺҡġ

ڴ֮ǰȴ˺ܶ顣ĺҡ⻺ڵһöӰм¼˵Լǰһյ֪¼ڿǴҶ˽֮󣬽ɽ̷

һʵҪʦֿһֻӿʼ˵ġ
ĺҡᴹüۣ

ӣĺҡԣɫ΢䣬Ȼٽ¹֮ڡ
俪ڵȻҶڴˣұһеӰ齻ҡ

ĺҡ䴽Ц£״㣬ǰҪȻҪǰֻǰҪǿӰأҪö̵Ӱ飿

ŶˣҼǵõʱʦֻʦҲһһģһݡĺҡ̹Ȼ

㣡
ȻŭǳСҿҶϣƽϣǰ뽣ھŷһλµģʦ˵

ĺҡ䴽ǰ㲻䣡˵
ôݷ˵ء

ʵ˵ʲô
״æ裬ҽڵСʶ٣£ҪһЩ

ԣɫԻ
ٴοڣ״谡ȷǸˣҪλһ棬ϼš

üһƼһüͷ谡㻹ţ˵Ŀɶʵ

˵ȥʲô⣬ȥ˽ڣ±㽻ɽ̷飬һҪ飡һҪҵ飡

ĺҡԣеӰĬȻ˻ȥ
ûƬӣҶʩķٶ޸

һ߶֣һ߶ҶҾۺܲʵһܲˡ
Ҫϸ˵ĴʿԵ޹ʽķˣ֮еĵӸô찡Һ÷ǵİΣ

˵գŤͷһֱ䶢ĺҡ裬ں¼˵԰ɣҪһӣ۸ˡ

⣡¼һʮʯڣ˰ɣ
ԣüٳ

轫ڿ֮УȻתϵǵ˿ڻš
мֺȻ֮ӹʹٴ䶢ۼװһϵĺҡ⡣

ǸĺҡŮ޾Ȼ˵
ĺҡıɱ֮ģѾΪ˪֮ˣĺҡչֳʵѾɵ

һԪӤڵʿ֣Ȼ˵˾ʿ
ٸŮһʱɳԣض

ĺҡ⻺⽣ֱߣתķϢղŶлʦֳˡ
һתĺҡ⣬ڵлղһҺܾޣԽԽڴһսˡ

ҶȥҶ󣬳˹̲סѯʵĺҡ⣬˪ıĻô㣿

ĺҡԣҡҡͷҲ֪ܹ϶һԲǵ˪ˡ
صرܿ˪֮ȥ̵ġ

ĺҡ˿϶ĻǾǱƳ⡣
ɽڵıѾ֮ô޶ʱ£

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Ʋ㴩ܿԾɽ֮䣬ڽԪ㳡֮ϡ

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ˡᰵ͵ͳƽ

һԪ㳡ϵڶȴ֪һ䡰ˡ˵ʲô˵ǽڵˣ˵ݼӢǰʮˡ

ᰣ
Ҷ˵ᰱΧԪ㳡ϵ£Ѷ
ԶԶģһ׿ڳϵĻ˵ɱ˪

Ҷվǰü΢֪˵ʲô𣿡

һڳԼ߱£κ౻¶ȴֻס᰽ⷬ

ǵģɱ
ƣ
᰽Ҳϴ۵ˣ

ҶſΪ
ڽƶؾ֮ǰǻΪȴһΪȫɢˡ

Ҷٿᰣɴ˿ȴԾΪľеǡ

µʿƼҶ֮ʱʶ˰벽
Ȼһ֮ˣȴȥŮ

֪˵ʲôӦ
ʿԼˣǵһ󣬱ٶȳԣ˽пѪ߱õˣͲôġ


ҶԼıһѼʿ֮ϣҹƻһԣ

ǽڣˡ
Ҷĳѹ˲ϣʿһɪݼ¶Щ֮⣬Сš

㣡
ҶӼûмô˵ļһгٶǰȥ


һֻ˳Ҷ֮ϡ
Ѫֵָֻ֮仺˳

Ҷתסᰡ
ƽӦòڵһɣǾͰѽջȥ

֮Ů֣޹ˡ
Ǵ˳ȥֽ

Ҷᰣ
ᰣð֮ЭˣԼеĳ˻ת㽫ᰴ̷ɣڵ

ԣǰᰣ̷֮ܿ⡣

עǰ̷ţɫƽ
֣֮ƿǰȴš

ĺҡվ̷֮ϣŴ򿪵죬תȥվ̷ǰᰡ

һϮ£üĿ£ȴҲû˴ǰִݵɫ
ǰ¼緢Ϊǽһ֮ڶ洫ӣλݼӢǰʮ
ᰡΪɢ߱õ

ĺҡŲûмᰣһ̾

ĺϲ֮һŢ󣬾ҲϷˡ






108.  һ   һ㡣


᰻̷߽С

ڵеһƼʱ, δʲô
ʱ֮ٶתᰣŵΪأĻΪأ

, Ϊأ
輸Ҫȥ, ȴ̷ס̷¼, 侲

ۿͨ죬Żڴ֮ϵ, ô侲ɢΪ, ֲӣ

ĺҡƼ˿̵ģ, ɵЦһ

˵ʲô, ĸӶԼĥѡò׹ʱڵһ֮, ȴȳԼӵΪΪûˣȹĹԼӾʲôµģ

ᰵϰһ㣬û¶ʲô, ˴֮ϣԵϵҶλԼ̷, һȫҵĴ

һʼƶؾ֮ʱ, ۪, , ŵ˪ץ֮, Ȱ˵Ȼ, ÷Ȼһȥ, ۪ࡣ

ʱѾڲ֪۪Ȼ֪֮ʶǱʶ, ҴŷȻ׷۪ȥڼ۪һ˲۪һԸȻȻɽ֮С

Ҳ׿۪͸¶ĺҡ֮£ĺҡⱻǣһ֮С۪ƼǱڷȻĺҡߣʱ

ֽ⿪ס˪ӣ˪֮֮Уһ̽ĺҡ磬һĺҡǵصס

ҲûвԼѾ۪ļƣΪŰ۪һԸȻĺҡ⣬·Ȼ˶һħɴ

Ҳڴ˺ִУɱ˪

᰽֮һһԼйصȫ˵˳
һ㡣

ᰣǳᰣұ죡
ôңôô˵ǰ׿ڳһ㣿

Ҷᰵÿһǰʵᰣʲô飿ڴʱһ˵¼Ὣһеģһ빫

᰹ڱĴ֮ϣ۽£κ˵˵֮£Ϊʵ

·ԣ͵شվǰᰣ֪һϣҪеĺʲô

һΣǴֻ˪ɽ֮УǾʲôִڵգ˪Ƿ񻹱ţ

Щɽ֮е飬Ƿڱɱ֮ʱµ֮٣

ǣһжʶ֮ʱΪ۪һ̣Ѿ״ӱƵ״̬֮ѹˡƽ

ĺҡվ̷һ࣬᰽һȫ˵˳
Ϊ
Ǹɽ֮У᰺˪ִЩʲô飿

ĺҡ⻺ĵΪʲôٵģ
һԴתȥĺҡ⣬ƽڵ顭˰

̷ϣΪһֱԶ˶ݵĽ֮С
ԾɵᰣԾɲ᰾Ȼô˵׿ڳԼɱ˪

ȥ
ҪôȥеҪȥϴȥϵ۵㣿

ðΣҶٶȿʵᰣûбĻ˵𣿡
״̬һľĽ֮˰㣬ΪɢȫȻûаٽ͵˼

᰻֣ڶͷǰصؿͷ޻˵

ᰣ˭ģ˭ģ
̷֮£᰿ͷڱĴذ֮ϣĳǳ⡣

Ҷ·״̾һ̷̷ǰҽ᰹Ѻ̷Уݺе顣

ͬʱδ뽣ڲĽƴϲŻֳ߽ڳλкѯʵǽŮӵʬҴΪ磬֪ǽ˭
˵գӴռ֮ȡö飬ˡ

·ԣ裬ʵ¼֪㡭
Žеö飬Ҳ˪ˣǵˡ

̷˹֣Ȼ¼Դɻ󣬱㽫öҽڽڱܣһж֮ٽ¼ң¼Σ

áӦ
ڣ˵ʲôҲѾ޼ˡ

Ѿٴʲôڰӵˣ漰µ֮УȻ޹أĺҡ޹أ󾹳¼֮顣

˵ĺҡ⻹ܵڰӣ˪·洫ӣҲ¼ˣʲôɰӵأ

һ˲ͻȻʼޱһڲһԹƽţϣڻΪ˻סŵĵӶסʵ顣

̷µӽᰴ̷ҹѺ
̷߽ǹڳйֲǰ

̷ֻץ֮ЩʮˣûԼˡ
ó֮ʱֶڲ

᰻̧

̷״˻ֵ㶶ʲôƽôģ
УǶûжᰵظȥɡ

õģ
̷ԣظһ㣬ɿĽһգ̧ᰵʦ֣ɡ
ᰵͷӦá

̷ӽᰴ̷
Ҷվ̷⣬̷ӽ˴

̷ƼҶʱ΢һ㶣ɳʦ֣ҪҪȥҶʦһģ

Ҷ߹ᰣʳĺҡǰһģһ⡣
ĵΪʲôˣ

շ£һϮ֮ѹδѤĹɷȴįˡ

ᰵĻش̷ͬһ㣬ڵơ˰

ᰣ
Ҷ
ĺᰣСᵽ˴
ǰδ򣬼֮ĹϵѾʵ׼ڳ״֮󣬾ʹһֽȥ¼˻顣

ɻûеȵᰵʱ᰾ȳ¡
ˣΪˣĵķˣ;Ҳˡ
ԶҲ򲻰ˡ

᰿Ҷƽ㲻˵ȵгһգҵʱ򣬾Ͳҵ棬ܵ¼ȥ˻ǰԸˡ
Ļó

Ҷᰣһ

ᰳԸ˵˻֮¡

ĺҡ̷߳ʱƼҶ̷⽩ֲݵĳ棬˹ȥ

ʦԼΪе·Զ޷Խħ𣿡ĺҡʵ

ҪͬҶ˻飬Ҷźͬʱ۽᰻ΣΪҶһԶ޷Խȥħ

ĺҡתƽȴƻȻ㣬ڵԭ𣿼ȻˣǻǲҪ˻ˡ

Ҷ᰿һۣޣ˭Ϊҵħ
˻飡ˣھǴ򲻹ңҾ⽣ڣ˻飡

Ҷ˵գӴռͳǷԼ飬ԽԼָԼһ
մȾԼѪĻԼһѶϣתߡ

Լڰ֮Ʈ£ᰴߵЦ𽥵ˡ
ȥסֽԼ飬Ϊµӡ

ðΣᰲſĺҡ⣬ڵɷһ
ĺҡԣʵĽأ

˰ûñˡ̹Ȼ
ֻϴԼıѣٴĳˡ

ĺҡƽҵ⽣衣
᰿ڵҡʦôô鰡
ϤĻȴ޶į

һֱվһԵ̷Ӽ״æʦ֣һذ׿á
̷˵գӴռ֮ȡһذףݸᰡ

ᰴһۣӹ󣬵˾䣺л
ذ׻ԼָѪƿ˿֮˻Լϡ

Լ飬ҶѪԼ
ȻҲҪҶѪ⿪Լ

ĺҡվһԣ᰽ǻԼ顣

ùذ֮ԸɾָþմȾѪ󣬲Žذ׻̷ӡ

Լѽ⣬еֽԼع»Ϊһɢȥ

һߣճ΢ҶʲôŲ΢ٺü
֮ûٳȥˣǻԼסʼչС

̷⣬᰾⳹ɢ˳ջĿ⣬ת̷ӵ߰ɡ
̷ԣ˿ĺҡ⣬ɵĺʦÿɻлҪ˵

ĺҡ⻺ҡҡͷĿ̷ӽᰴ֮˳˼
ðΣŻع½ݣԼס

ļգй֮߱³״һβڶ֪ˣ֪ˡ
򶼿ʼйصĸԡ
һʱ䣬ҥԽԽ󣬶ˣ˭Ҳ֪˭˵֮Ծǲࡣ

ڽڣ̷ᰵʦ·ҲŴȥᰣѯʵǷ飬ÿһθģͬһش

½˰ࡣ

ҲȥƽϢЩԣЩԾͬҰһղ

ɼ᰿ˣ˵飬ھŷ֮ǰƶؾ֮̽ˣҲù׷Դͷ֮ʾʵǡɱˡ

޷֤ᰵףҲ޷֤κ顣
᰾Ͳµһ㣬һʼʹδĿڹҲûͼ

һ㡣
ˡ

һ˫εڱ߻һУҲûκ֤׵Ŀܡ

ƶؾ֮ʱ۪ĳ֣˪ȺܵƣȻ˲һħٵ赱ڱĺҡ⣬ĺҡֽ֣֮¶õġɱ

һһڱݵǸ˷·뵽ֿܣƱҪýһҪӡ

ң۪һ¥ڰǧ֮ǰѾµһöˡ
ΪҪǣ¥ʼվûгֹ

¥ڽڵı

ΪʲôҪڣ
ƾʲôҪڣ






109.  һ   ᰣʲô


ħ, Ԩ֮ء
ʳǴ֮ϣлҲһλΪƽش衣
޳ǽڷָɫ豭, ס

֮, ࡢᡢ⡢λħΪִ֮ݡ
ħ羭ˡҡ⡱ȨλħȺ֮ʣλħɽֱʲôǻûļ֮ˡ

ҡҲ, Ȩ诶ֻһӦȥɽ硣, Ȩ޹ڱչ֮ǾӦȥƶؾڼ, 诱в֪ʲô綾, Ҳ䡣

ƶؾŵ, 诱ħ磬ȴ޶ж, Ԫ˶£ѼԪݽߡ

˵˵, ̧ƺȲл䣬ʵл峤, ֪ǾӦǰƶؾ֮ʱ, ǾӦκж֮󣿡

л, в豭, ̧, һƶؾ, ȥɽȺʿ鷳, һγ֣С

ȺȫУǾӦ˳, Ǳһγʦ课͸һħ˽ǵ񣬲δκ쳣֮

л˵գת֮ϵ
ǰиߴ罫
֮еǿħ𣬶ħǰȴܹǵ붯һ

лΪֹûмħ¥Ŀ
¥Ŀȴһõ̽ʱ

ħˣֻС˰뽣ڣнڳ˷񹬣ӶʹֻС˲δħл
ǾӦҲ˽С

ԣŭµɽеȺ޼ֱǷˣһɳһӦҲһޣǾӦˣŸߵʳǳ⣬ûˡ
л䣬ҼǵһʲôڵĽ˰ɣ

ǵлһȥɽ磬Ϊһλ޶ܵˣһƶؾ֮УΪ˽ޣˡ

¥֮ϣƽڵлȻˣһʱ䣬ͺúˡµҽɡƹܡ

ħ֮гѾãħߵʱҲãҲǿ

ⶼִһһΪյħġ
˴µʺϲ

лԣδֻǻת۲Զ࣬ͬһӦħ֮

һȥ˭أ
ͬʱл佫Ŀƽɨλħ
Ȼ䷢ħ֮һҲںƵġ
Ȩ֮˵Ҫ飬ȥħҲûġ֮ǲ֮
ʲôϵء
ֻҪԼģͺˡ

࿪ڵħħߴħȻл峤ڴˣȴλȱ
λȱ֪Ǹôħ֮нѡΣʮ֮оټ

ħλħ˾ְ
ҡ⡢Ȩ𣬶ҡȫлһֽӹܡ
ħҪллȻʮħ֮һħ峤л½ħ֮һҲ˶̵ʱ֮ڽӹλħ

¥ħ֮нѡβ
ԣֵǡ

л̧⣬ǰҪˣһƹܵӦأʼѡħˣҲ˲١

˵ûڳ֮еλħȴ˭ûл˵֮ԡ
Ǵħ֮ѡ½ħҲҪһʱ䡣

ħʳĹ½ħħ
ħǿʳ½ħûбƹһ˵Ҫʱ䡣

ǲŴѡ½ħʼж֮ʱлҡ⡢ȨļһԴС
ʱлɽеѲɻûã

ƬӺħ˴˴顣

뿪֮ʱȴվڴ֮ϣֶ¥ѯʵħħʮħټ½ħٽᣬҪһЩΪҪ˴£ħ֮ѡ

֮ǰҡ⡢λȱʱǴʮħ֮оټģҡҲħһЯ
ţȴʡһЩ
ΪһΣȴҪħ֮ѡ

ħײ㾭ѡΣǸ˼𣿡¥ʵ

ҡһε½ħʮħ֮һأ



ڣ̷
̷ڣ·һƽ֮ɫᰣᰣʲôԣ˵زǶΪġ

·Լͽܡ
ʮصʦͽ꣬˵ʲôҲţ᰻޹ɱԼá
жġ

᰻̧·ڵʦǴƶؾ֮еʲô𣿡
·ԣȴһ٣֮ŵûС

´ü£ȴǰ緢ˡ
ʦ䴦Ϊϳ˵һʿǶûҵЩ֤˵µɵ㣬Щʲôأ

룬̷֮еһĻѾ˰ɣɽ֮Уˡ
Ѿһ̹Ȼžþûжκγͷ˷Ѿá

ʵȥڻΪɽ֮еһʥأ乫أ

ֶΣˮ룬ϵĪ⡣
Ǽ֮ŻԸƳ罣ڡ
ϣʧẮ֮˵ġ

ѾҪŪ׷ѰһʵˣֻҪһڶδĽѡ

ʢ֮£ض޷ȫ

᰻ڵϣ·ͷʦҰ·¶ʮأĵӣи
Ǹ

·һȴһ
ú̾ᰰ

գ·̾һδٶ˵Щʲô

磬йڽ洫߱һֵ÷зʿڴΪɽһʥأô˽п洫Ӵڡ
˶ںڣ

ĺҡڽڣżȥפĳǳ֮ʱ;硰᰹ڡᰲΪڵӡȻ
ʱлȻصһĴ

ΪǣЩ궼Щʲô
ڶɵͷظڵʲô
ħ

ʱһգڶһ
᰽ӽ洫֮г

Ϣ֮ʱĺҡ⻺̷⡣
̷õֵصӵλʦ֣ɷټʦһ棿Ҷڵ֮ʱЩ

̷ӼĺҡҲǵյĵ֮һĺҡ̷᰼һ档

ĺҡߵѺᰵǼ䷿⣬ᰣʦ֡

ԣ̧
˹ЦԭҡðѾǽڵˣôʦأ

ĺҡעᰣᰣҪʲô

ȴǲĺҡĻֻ˵ڼǧǰʦΪһĵɱ˺ܶˣɱ˺ܶţ˱Ͻ

ʦΪ˸һлˡǸӵĹΪնж׼˽ڣ
˵ڵգʦģ

ĺҡҶ׿ڽ£Ȼ֪ɱʮŵǸСʦܾħħ¥硣
ɵ֮£һкۼ˸޴ӵ֪
ڽڣûоڼ¼¡
Ǵ֪µģ

˵£㵱ɱ˪ʱ˭˵ģĺҡ⿪ʵ
ֻǰģش

ǧǰľ£Ҷ֮⣬Ҳֻ¥Ϊˡ

ĺҡ⿪ʵЭ𣿡
ᰵиңҪ˳⡣

ᰣʲô
ĺҡʵ






110.  һһʮ   ǰ·ѣء


ᰱڳ
Ϣһ, ɽиڸɵ顣
˵᰻õġ
Ҳ˵츳飬ƶؾ֮С
Ҳ˵¼һᱣ¼ġ

, ȴûм˵֮顣

һս˪ʬȥ, ¼Ĺ֮УҲûڡ
, ֮ʱ¼һ˳, ôҲҪ¡
ɵԽԽ֮, ¼ҼҲֹʱ, Ҳͷ

ɱ֮, ˪¼С㡣
¼

¼Ҽ, Ѿᰳ뽣޹ϵһ, ᰵҲáɽ

¼ᰵһ, Ļϴ, Ʋ, ع, ɫá
ԭֱӽͻ¼ҵ, ԼȴҪҪһ齣ڡ

ᰴ̷߳, Ԫ㳡ʱ, ŸƵʵһ˲
ʱԶ˾䡰ʦ֡Żع

᰿·, ôʦְҶѾǽڵˡ
·ԣæҡҡͷһǵʦ֣һ㶼ǵʦˡ
΢ʣҲ˵ˡ

飬עĵӣԪ㳡ȥ

˽֮¼ǰȳȥԽȻٻ¼ҡ

פ⣬вʿ᰽ճڣ˴˴Ҫһʱٶȳеʲô״̬

һϮ£һ־¡
˿ûκ𣬵һݶη壬ɹζġ
᰻¼ң֮꣬߱±ڳкһƷжĺʿˡ

̲סЩ˳ͺãٹ꣬ϵ۵ϴ֮ܳˡ
¼ҵŴԣŭգ俴ȥ˵˵Щʲô

ǣ¼ݾǺãɱԼãܹúúõġٶȿڵ
¼ҵӳ˹ȥ˺һ

ƽתûȥһۣۡ
˱¼ҵӽѵһ٣ּᰶ˵֮ûа㲨ŭͬΪСһ㡣
ﲻɵòᰵݡ
еһ֮ӡ

᰽ۣϵ¼߹ڵǰС֮ĹȣδԴ˴δ¼ҡ
ĹȣڱʲôԭЩҲͲ̫ˡ

ϰˡᰵ
λףСͲϲ
Դλײ͸޼ɵö֮Ľ˪˽Ůӻ¼ңϻ¼С㡣
뽣·壬˪Ҳһͬ뽣·塣

ΪɢѣѾûκüֵλȻǲٹˡ

ʻգΪ϶ͣ
¼ҵȳϢ޸г

վһ֮ǰпá
ߵ¼ҵӲɵóʵڿʲô

ڿ֮Сᰵ
һõ֣иӶ䣬ʺϽ¼ܻɱУκ˷¡

ʲô
¼ҵСţð֮תȥԶ޸ˡ
һȥҲûл

ϸ죬˳ʮʯ¼һ
ֵͦǮġ

תڽɱ֣ڵ񲻹һˣһ黯Ϊɱֳɱҡ

Ĵ֮һ¼һȷֵܹʮʯɱʵ
ѾһȥΪ֮ˣֶΣҲӲ֮¡

˭Ҫһᰳʵ
һеģ͸¶κѶϢ
ɱ˵գӶеĺնȥ


ͻأ֮䣬ɱֺĲһĨΪǿʶٴ˴η
֮£Ϊڻд˳ϸ߻ص¼ҡ

ɱִ鵶֮ʱԶ߸һ⣬һ͸塣
עѪɱ֣֪λ׳ʮʯҵ𣿡

¼Ҳһѵ
ҲҪһΪɢӡ

ôᡭ
֪ģ

ɱֺȻ£۾ȴڴ˿Ȼɴ˲٣ҲδĿ

᰽ԭ
֮ǰ˼Ҫߵȥһƾһλ˭

һҶ˲ֹǰ·

᰻̧ȥ
Ҷӳ֮䣬Ψһ½Ǵ£ӭ⣬һȻŵĻ档

֪ﵱҲǱɱɱġ
ᰲǰа벽ֻڵ⹫Ҳǵʱĵȥ˺üɱ֯˸ˡ

˵˺ε˽ӡ޳ܣܹ㣬ôһһߵ¼Ҽλϵģ
¼λͳ䡢ĸ⹫֮Լɱɱ֡
һôܹ˼µıأ

Щ¼ҵԭǿԲġϵ˳ֻҪһ䡣
ЦǻǻģϢ¼ĳһ

ٹ꣬ʢٿʱǲһ۵¼Ӱ¼Һǰ;ġ
еұ󣬶Ĵڡɱ֯໥ϵ֮֮ӹδֹ

ϱҶ˴󲿷ֵε˳ɿڵҶ˵ġ

Ѫϵϵ֣Ҷͬһҵĵӣ֮ҷ֮ͷϷ
֮֮һȷѪĺϷ

һѵ¼
ôλ׵Ըأ

᰻ߵҾ˵𻵵ǰʰ׹һԵһԼơ

ԼѪһѪ飬ֲŽǱ£Բࡣ

֮ʢὫڶľУĴһ뽣洫ǰ񣬲Ҽ֤ˡ

Ϊ֤Ҽ֤˵ĹƽҼ֤˲ǳҵġ

ڵģֻСˣԭǰ֮ⶨҼ֤ˡ

Сλдˣ洫ӣǽڳ֮𣬲ʺϵҼ֤ˡڽ洫ǰʮʿ棬о˵󶼱ҡ

˵֮󣬽ɳȥҼ֤˻˭

ϵ˳ʵ˵ʲô

˵֮һ˻ˮ̫ˡЦ£ǰ·ѣء
˵գ̧ҶһǺ

֮ת뿪

Ĵ֮У¼ҼСˣ¼ħȥҼСųҼȨȫѩһС
ΨиҶҰȻ
Ҷ½һǱ򱦸ҡ

֮ʢһ˻ˮȷúܡ

ĺҡҶȻ䡣
ߵ֮ǰᰵǸ⡣

ᰣʲô

ѪµһѪ飬ֻж̶ֶ̼ѡ

᰽ħȥ






111.  һһʮһ   ĺҡģá


ħˣ
ħˣ

Ϣ֮ʱ, 뽣ᰳ洫֮£Ѿȥ˰ࡣ

ɽУһƬȻ

ݴ, ˷¼׹ٵصʱ, һƬҡ
¼ӦӵʬѾʧ˲²ǸطһƬ, Ǳ֮е޸ʬǣȥʳˡ

׹ٵ¼, ħ֮ʱµһѪ顣

᰽ħȥ

˲²ᰲڽ, ħ
Ҳ˲², Ϊᰵ, ޷ᰴ, ħȥ

·漰ǽ洫ӻ¼ᰣɽ̷¼Ҽһ顣

ǰ, ׹֮
̷Ѿһ˴˴עѪ̶ɵ, δ

, ˺ն
ɫߵǰ, Ƽϵʱ, ΢˸

̷, ɵʲôʵ
̷, ҡҡͷ, ڵ·Ѿȥˣʹ׷֮, Ҳ鲻κ

ݼӹһ˿ײ֮ɫ
̧ۣļӿ

һ࣬Ѫֳ׻ȥ֮󣬲ӣ
̷תźۼۻȥ۵裬ʵ¼Ѿҽ洫ӣȴ¼ӦȫȨ

ҽҲС
̷˵գһֺ󣬱˺գȥ

״֮дĲɢ֮󣬲΢һ
ҺһǾµ̷̷ֻ֮ܽ£һ漰ǰ洫ӣҲһˡ
Ҷ·¾ͺѾʹֹˡ

ע⻷ɫ佫˵ػΪһƬ֮ء
ת߽Ƭ֮У֮ͣһСɽǰӶ䣬˵صСɽ𡱳׻ȥ

Сɽ𡱱ȥһ߾ʬ¶
⼸ʬǵ֮ϵ¼ӵܣҲ޵߿ʳʬǵǼˡ

费ȥʶӳϸϹ¼⼸ӵˡ
ÿһӶһȥɱΪ

ǸɱַǻΪΪܹ˳ȥ࣬һʾĻ

ħħ
һħʹΪһ˲ǧת˲ɱһʿ

һʱЩɲ
˵ʬǳ׻ȥ֮󣬻ص¼ҵһ£ħ¼ҡ
ᰲ¼

ʢڼĴ֮УһңԲʱκ֮
һΪɢѡħ¼Ҫá

Ϣһٶɽ˵顣
¼ҽᰳ֮⣬¼øǣ¼ܹɱħ֮ᰣ¼ҷΪ䳤ϡ
Ĵ֮һ¼ҿ䳤ϣǶʿ󶼵òĵλ

ƣӽӶϾһйϵ߱ãһΪа֮ɱȴϡԭѾħ

¼ҶᰶϾһйϵ
ɽ֮֮ħ֮᰻ӵȥ

֮󣬾͸¶ᰳɽħ߽ߴ
һƳɽ֮бҲûᰵӰ

Ϣ֮ʱڵȻǲŵġ
źҵҥԷ𣬽ڲٵҲʼй顣

ھŵӶѾΪ档
ŲٵҲʼҡϾ߱ģ߻ħҲġ
Խ˻ٵ

ﴫˣҲΪġ
֮Уŷֻ֮µӲö̸¡

һ£һ࣬ųױƽϢȥ
֮Ǽ֮ڶľеʢᡣ

ɽУҶĴҽΪ֮ס
֮ǰɽȴҵġ
ĽѾ꣬ʱѡһ½ĵˡ

ǰ꣬򱦸ҽʧܡʿڲ²⣬˴ʢ֮ϣһ½ĵҡ
⣬ʿڹڴ˴ɳҼ֤˻˭

ʢĹأɽڸɳһλ洫ΪҼ֤ˣҲǱҵʿԱ֤ʢеĹƽ빫

һΡ
洫񣬵λеһǻΪΪһεҼ֤һǰ϶֮¡

ɽأ
Ȼ״˾֮ѾѾλнڳ֮洫ϵһѾλ

˷Ȼ֮⣬洫ǰʮ洫УǰҵӣΨھҵӡ
ֵһǣ洫ϣΨھŵʿǻΪ

һûΪ洫Ҽ֤ˣµʱʢȿʼǸȶڽλ֤˲
ɽ֮УֻΪս

һδĵ洫ҲһʢҼ֤ˣ
ʢϣôҾۼʢĸӵܽΪ̳Ȼڵ֮ͬΪսΪһĺҡģʲô
ɽвӵܵʵ뷨

ĺҡ΢ʱ΢ʦ㽫΢ǰ
ĺʦãڵУȥɡ
΢ʦͺ󣬺ܿˡ

΢УҶŴ֮΢λ
һһӹ뵽˼ǧǰһɽĶĻ¡

ҶעԼʦǷλһ̾
¥ħ֮ɱʮţձ˷
ʦ˵棬¥ɱڽ̨ġʦлˡ

¥ȴû
ҶԸȥ⵱ľ˾£ڵĶ¥йء
Ҳȥ룬ʦڻɱ¥֮ʱǷĴ

ҶзеǰתԶĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ߽΢

ҡСѣ֪֮ʢ᣿Ҷʵ
ĺҡͷ֪

һʢ֮ϣ漰֮λضǣܶʢĹɽڸһ洫ΪҼ֤ˡ
е洫֮УΨʸˡҶ͵

ĴҾ飬ʢϣ鵱ͬΪ֮һĽҸΪһʢĿˡ

Ľ֮漰ħΪֹԾûнҵ
Ҫңͱ뽫ĽҸ֮¸ŪС

ҡС֪¥ħ֮޹ɱʮšЩɣһεʢᣬɻС

ҡСͬΪǣΪһεҼ֤֮һ¥ᶢ㡣

Ը
Ҷ˵գĺҡ⡣

ĺҡԣֻ̧Ҫλħ䣬ԶвңҲȥһʢᣬͲ𣿡

ֻҪ¥һգҪԶ⽣ڲȥ
ûĵ

ҶԣӦúúãˡ
û뵽һ˴뱲ӣûҡСͨ͸Щұ½㡣

ĺҡ߳΢ʱգٹգһˡ
صԺס󣬽Լ˳ûʶȥС

ɡ
ĺҡվʵϣ洫ϵΡ
λڵһķȻΪ״ˣ洫֮Уᰴӽڳ

ԭλڽ洫ϵһڶֶʵʧˣһΪڳ֮УһȴǡѡԴ˲֪١

ʱơ
䣬µʱѡ

ĺҡעʵ
ģа㣬תȥڲԶǸˣСʦ档
ݷ߹Ӧţ






112.  һһʮ   ǲǾҡ


ݷһϮʤѩ, ΢罫Щ΢΢Ļȡ
ĺҡתעһ˪, Ư
գ, ƶؾ֮еһΣʶǷ̨Ϲʱ

ݷ۵һ
Ȼ, Сһþ֮УƼıˡ
һ, , жʹ

, ʲôҲûʡ
Խ, Խǲȥʡ

ݷ߽
ĺҡᵽ޵ѩϢ

Сʦ, 㿴Ź˼£ʵ洫ϵξѾˡĺҡ

ԭķȻֽԴ洫ʧ, ˪Ҳ֮һʧˡ
һ, ȫƶؾһ¡

, һָ߹洫, һŽ, ۡ
洫, λеھš
ǰʮ֮, ֻһûбҡ
˽ӵ, иһɽ֮Ĵ֮һĸ

ҴѾãѪϵԶԶŻһЩ, ò˥ܡ
ѰʿҪһȺӵ֮ðͷжѣ
һŵӵݳΪ쿼˴ȵһ֮ʱһ

ĺҡ⻺ڵСʦ棬˵Ҵڿʼ洫ϵΣʼһһսȥòã

ڽ洫ϣλǰʮ洫Ѿܾûй仯ˣһΣȴȻʧ֮ǰʮȫΡ

Ҫ洫ϵھſʼһһսȥճΪǶһˡ
ˡ˭ˣ˵һĺҡǳ룿
ң洫ǰʮĵ֮Уǽ׻Ѿõĵӡ

ԪӤ;֮ѹһ׶Ρʿһؿ֮ϣ޷پһ
ԪӤսڽͬΪ洫ͬΪԽսӵ֮£ϼѡ

ݷˣȴֻá
ȥȥ

ĺҡݷۼ򵥵һӦСʦ棬ôȰȰأһ룬Ҫս֮ϵ˸ˣˣ˭˵һҳأ
ǳʮʦʦˣһ½洫Ҫսǳ˵Σ

ɱǱˣҲǱˡ
ݷƫƫĿ⣬ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡãٶȳһģҵǶһգСʦҵ֣ʱǽĵطˡ
áݷӦܺÿġ

ĺҡԣ䴽¶Ц
ȵһʢͿٻرѩԭˡ

Сʦ棬֣񻹴ڵǵĴڡ
ĺҡƬ̣Ž¥֮˵˳

գҶйСʦ֮£㽫¸ݷ۹
û뵽Ǹħ֮󣬻ڡ
û뵽ǣǸǾȻħ¥硣

ħ¥ħǧ꣬ΪĪ⡣Ҳħ֪¥ǺεΪ
֪ǣ¥ǻ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʱڽں¼ҵЩ鶼˵˵
ħ֮ǰһ档߹ңҪ˳⡣

ĺҡ⿴ݷۣʵСʦ棬ĲΥ𣿡
Υ𣿡
ݷûлشĺҡ⣬

Ҿá
ĺҡɳ

һʼʱͲǲΥġ
ԣһ֮⣬ŬУŬɵ֮£ϵͳ֮¡

߱ϵͳ˯֮С
Ӳμӿ˴ȣΪ洫ӣٵһδݷۣٵգһһֲһź

һΣƶؾ֮Уȴһصľ㡣
ǷȻһħһ˵֮䣬ᰱɽħ֮£һһһһڸⲻΥ

⣬治Υ

ĺҡᴹ뵽һ߱ǰһ⡣

ǵңңն⣬繶ҫۣһ
ϵͳκβһ⡣
⣬кβΥ

ĺҡǰʵСʦ棬ҾǿΥġ
ݷ۵ʿУ

ǽޣǵޣʿֻаѡ
ԻȡõԪ̤֮ͨ·ȥ̽Զǻ

絶ն콾
˾͸˳⣬ڲ
ĺҡ⻺ˡ

ȥʲôȥη塣
ݷ
ˣҲ

ݷᴹעĺҡ⣬㵱˵ǰٳֵġ޷֮£ء
ĺҡԣ䴽Ц£СʦһҪҰ

һҪ
һҪȵ
ĽңȲɳ㹻ʱ
СʦһҪȵ
ʮ֮󡭡
Ѿûʮʱˡ

һҶǿСʦ潣彻֮ʱѾȥˡ
һʱ䣬ҲѾûʮˡ

ݷԣãҵ㡣

עǰ֮ˡ
ͬΪǣųԡܡϵֹĶһƵֻأһĻĻݡ
ܹʲôأ

ĺҡתתĹ㳡ϵʵ
ݷ۾վĺҡദע
ȥңңа㣬ôľ룬ѹϵȥ

ֵʱ΢ᴵĺҡⴹһī΢ݷָ֮ӹ

ݷգָۣ⣬Ȼ֮ܶǰ̨۵֮ʱһһơ
֪ΪΣĪһһƵ翪ʱĴ⡣

ĺҡתƼݷݣɳʵСʦ棬ôˣ
ҺȻ˺ܾúܾǰһһơݷʵ

ĺҡԣͬһʱ䳤ֵ֮һơ
˿Խʱ䳤ӵڹȥ˻ᱻĨμ䣬Щδ֮˵Ժ֮С
ݷ۲ǵûϵǵõġ

Ȼĺҡ£ڵСʦһ𣿡

긲ѩ񲻻һʢĳĺҡʱһŵʱ򡣡

һرʱ򣬾͸Сʦһƻ
ݷӦá

ɫĺҡɫݷ۸ǡ
ݷĿĺҡӰʧ֮У֮תңңս֮Ļ
ڻ֮Уһ˫ڵ۾ע֮еݷۡ
ðκ˫۾ֲžϡ

ߴһĨʧ֮ʱݷ۵ӰŴʧ

ڡ
ĺҡ뿪֮󣬿ʼ
ҹҹУóԼƣֳһʶûС

⻷һ䣬ĺҡŸһǴؿռ䣬ǰӰ΢ãڷīµݷ۳ǰ

ݷעϵǿ壬͵ͳǸ¥ļһͰǿȥĽǸһ
ĺҡԣһ˲Ӧ֪ġ

ʵʼõʱľôġ
ɽ֮Уħ¥磬ͽСʦȥǸһ

ôһ룬óн֮ʱ뷨еСʦ治
˼ˣĺҡĪЩ顣

Ǳ۸ˣҲҪҡ
ݷ۵˵ţȻ뵽Щʲôü΢

żŷѩ䣬»ѩȻ䣬շݷȴ޷ֳ

ݷ˵˵ţͲ˵ˡ
ĺҡ̧˴˿ݷ΢΢µüۣǰ˼վݷǰʵôˣ

㱻۸ˣǴȴô໰
ݷ˵ţ仰ĴЩִ

˿̵ݷίͰͼˡ

ǲǾУ






113.  һһʮ   㿪ĵģ


ݷ۵͵ͳ, 㻹ҪǧһƵѩԭȡ

ȻΪ
ĺҡԣͻȻ
һʱ֮䲻֪ôܺǰݷۡ

ðΣĺҡɵʵ, ҵʱΪʵ洫ı仯, Ȼижġ
ڰֵҲûбʲô뷨

ڴһơ
һƵĻҵʱһЩһ, òã
ĺҡ⿴ݷۣ

˵ʱǰһ, ٺһ
η塣
һֲˡ

ݷ, ̧ĺҡ, ˵, ܷڡ
ĺҡ䴽Ц£ҿ϶ᷴڵġ

ݷۺ֮, ĺҡֲͬݷһȥѩ
ÿ֮󣬶ĵط

ѩ֮Уĺҡһյյɢ⻪, յ͸
ĺҡǰעݷĶ

Ƭ, ɢ
ݷ۽õֳ, ʢú, ݸĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ״, ȥ, Ǳ˹
ڵȴµĹ, ݷ۳ҸղŵĻû˵, 㱻۸ˣһҪҡ

˭ֻҪ۸, ҶŹġ
ĺҡԣЩĳʵСʦβŹЩ۸ҵˣ

ħҿԴǣܹ۸ǣ۸ģҾ۸ȥ
ݷ۵ֻǡֻٳ

ûϵҿ˺գɽУۺδҶȥġ
ݷ˵˴գֵۣҲ뿪̫ãµġ

ĺҡ΢ɳ뿪̫õĻʲô£
Ӧǻֲᷢܿ¡ݷۻشֻһħܹ̽뷨䣬һϣȴ޷ֺ̽

ݷ۵Ĵ𰸣ĺҡ˼
ѩԭ֮Ӧʲôܵġ

һϵͳҪȡѩԭʱ²ǷҪѹʲô

ֱϵͳһΪ̵ǵʿħ
ҲҪħ
ϵͳ֮ʲôȻϵ

ĺҡĿǰö֪
֪ˣأ
˿̵ΪѲɻܰͱ˲ɣ

ĺҡⴥ豭º󣬴һ衣
˼֮ʱݷ뵽ʲôģ˲Ҳ˲עڵʵ˺գȥڴһʱ̵ġ

ĺҡ΢̧ײ˫зʢǰ⻪۾
˫峺֮ԼӰˣӵǳһ㡣

ݷۼ벻롭һң
ĺҡԣһ˲ݷһ仰һ룬뵽Щʲô

ĺҡ⿪ʵСʦ棬˺գ𣿡
ȥߡݷʵ
ħȻ뵽ʲôȥʲô

ĺҡգۣȴǲδӦ
ݷ۵һСѣʲôµģҲʲôµģֻ֮пҪˡ

СʦƬ̺󣬾ͱأÿأ
ĺҡõġ

ݷԣȴǳãųҪ
ȥڣȥߣҹҹܹ

ĺҡü£ݷۣڵСʦ棬Ʋɼá
ݷƫƫĿ⣬ħҪ̫̰ġ

Сʦ˵ʲôȥĺҡӦҲ˵һ£Сʦʲôȥ
ֻСʦ濪һЩٲί

գ˽شǴؿռת˽ڡ

ҹˮ׹
»ᴹ߲ӰͶһƽ

ĺҡ⽫ʶغվǴԼѺ󣬲ǰ
⴫Щϸ΢ĶȥŻ򿪡

ֵʱݷī´ѷ˳»֮Уֶе
ݷ۵ΪҪ˺նһգ۵˲ѡ
ңڲᾪκ˵֮¡

ĺҡ⺰Сʦ档
ݷۻ߹ĺҡ⣬ڵҵһڣѾܶܶûлعڡ
ϸӦ֮ˡ

ĺҡԣСʦԳڣ࿴һڡ

ʱĽȺɽ֮УԶɽҹɫ£׶䡣
ݷڴֻƬӣ֮еңң𣬷ڴߴȥ㡣

ݷᴹΪֻܴ˲Ƭ̶΢ʧ¡
ٶ̧գ۽ޣӰظ

Ҹһܡݷ۵
ĺҡԣ˹Щĳʵʲôܣ

֪ħɣħʲôأ
ݷģġ

Ҳ

ǣұãΪֻһ˺ãֻһˡݷ۹ִźܶˣеˣ̫ˣһҲá

ĺҡ⾲עݷۣĻ
ݷ򴽼㿪ĵģһǡǣһǶǣҪȥǳص⡣
ôأ

ݷһ£ŵҿһֱ㡣
ѾˣٶһҲûйϵġ

ѵģҾһɹ

ĺҡ⻺ݷǰ䴽Ц£Сʦ棬һģһŬġ
ȥŬģǰ·ټѣжôأЭġ

֮£һصľҲɹã
ⲻΥ
СʦкβΥģ

Ҫˡݷ۵
ѷ֮УԽˡ

ݷͣ½Ųתڵ벻뱧ң
Լ룬ȴ벻롣

ĺҡԣһ˲֣һݷۡ
ðκݷ۲ŵ͵ͳҿħңѵҽԽԽ𡭡

°ĺҡСʦõˣû֮һ
Ƕ˶ԣǶԣõġ

ݷǿһǱá
˵գѷĴߴ֮Уתȥ

ѷٹر֮ǰݷֻعͷĺҡ⡣
ʱĺҡǰѷ쳹׹رˣԺкֹܿڼž

ĺҡ⾲վԺ
֮Żع

Ȼ֪Сʦҹܲ˶ҪһΪʲô
ĳɡãͲص˺ڣҪο

ôôã
սڽϣΪһҪʶʶĽ⣬㽫ǵԽңңʱ䳤͵ǰ
ƶؾ֮У׷Ϲʱ˵һ䡰ֻǿϧҺȲⱭһơ㽫ǱһƸʱ䳤͵ֱ
ֻΪδĲȷãԥ֪ɷΥ㽫ԽҲҪ͵

ƫִַ
ᡣ

ðΣĺҡ૵Сʦ棬Ρ



Ⱥɽƣ˼ɾһ㡣
פǰĳǳ֮У
Ͻ

ҩҩʮʯһƿʮƿֻҪʮſʯ߹·Ҫ
λʿҪһƿҩ
ս£вСĿˣϺõҩλָܿ
мϣһλ̯ʱʱĽ䣬кʿ

ģλ̯סӳ־ͷλ꣬λ꣬Ҫ̯λҩ
εݣݿ㣬ʮ߰ģһľһΪʱ佣²ǳصġ

̯жϳæס꣬ڵ꣬ҩ⼯ϿǾõġ

λӦҪμӽһµİɣ֪ģʱУ˵ⵤҩڱҪ֮ʱɱһġ

ͣ½Ųλһƿҩ컨׹̯һ󣬲ҡҡͷлл㣬ֻϻҩʱòµҩ

̯ȴһԼҩ͵С꣬ҩЧǱȵ򱦸֮ҩЧİ

ˡ
򱦸֣ɫԾ糣ҡҡͷ뿪
ƬӺפǰ

Զ˳Ķ飬нרŸ𱾴µֵصǰ
߹ȥڶ档

鲻ǰƶţֵܿ塣
ֵص̧һۣ㽫ԼֱߵĲʯݸǰ꣬͵ʯʯˣ֤ҿеġ

лȥǿʯС
ʱ֮еĲʯ΢Ĺâ
΢ɲ㡣

ƼвʯķӦ̲סЦһСֹôӦԵʯûˣżȥɣȻڣ

˵ĳɫƽ
з΢Ĳʯݻ˽ֵصӡ

ûֵصӼǿʯϷ΢⻪һ̲סǸˡ

㶮ʲôֵصӿڵλСֵʯĹ̫ԣŵʣû׼ڼ֮λСֵܻڿ˴һء

뵱꣬ĺʦһŵӣ뽣֮ʱҲĩʣƾ侫տĻһ쿼˴֮ϰεͷΪ½洫ӵһ

ĺʦ㡱֮ʱ̧ڸ߸ľ塣
ֵص˵գ壬Сֵܣģʲ·ϵһżѡ

ʲԣĳɾ;ֹڽš
ֻҪŬ֮Ŀ˴֮ϣһһջ񡣡
ÿʮһο˴ȣǽĿһʢᡣ

˽ڣԪ㳡ϣһʵʵϣ洫ڿ˴ϵıԡǽ˽ڣʱȥһЩӰ¼Ƿ
ĺʦ㵱ʮԽսĿǰֻл˵аġֵصӲ

ʵλʦ֣˵λĺʦ㡯һأ
ֵصӶǰǫкøУ͵˵£Ǿֵһ˵ˡ

ǽԾŷΪĺʦΪ½洫ӵһ֮ʱŷ롣ŷ֮ΪνǴòɿ

ԭʵҲɵúλĺʦհһ
ֵصʵһ
˴뽣ڵ΢塣

ֵصЦҡҡͷڽ͵ĺʦȴδŷ

忴ǰֵصӡ
ֵصӦĺʦһΪ̫Ϸ塯ķ

ΪΣ˲ʵ
֮У˾ŷ֮⣬ССķûô
λĺʦΪβŷȥһʲô̫Ϸ塣
̫ϷȾŷã

̫Ϸ塣
߶š̫Ϸ塱֡
뵽ǰڱѩԭ֮оһƳλˣѩϢ
ҡСʦ棬Ҳʱգλˡ

λ˵ˣȴһλˣǼɹ֮оȳˡ
ˣΪܹڼɹжȫȻأ

̫Ϸ壿
̫Ϸһͷ
Ŷӵȴʵ˽ǲ⣬׷׳

ֵصȻҲ֪̫ϷΪΣӾŷ֮δκηı̫ϷĪһͷ

ֵصͬЩǰμӽµĺֲſ壬ʵλСֵܽʲô֣õǼǣ˴ǽ뽣ڵġ
ҽ塣建

塣
ֵصӶֲδκɻֵɫ
ҵĵӣôܻڽղأ
ӵٲãҲŵӣ뽣ţΪһŵӵġ

ֵصõǼǺ󣬽¼õľƽ壬ľƵôһԵȺƬ̡
½һλŽ»Խ˳һȡ

ֵصƼˣæ͵ʦ֣Щ˾ǽμµġ
˵գ˽ˣλʦǳĽʦ֣ɽʦִȥһڡ

һȣ˿μӽµĵӣڵߣҴȥԪ㳡תһת

һȺ˴Ԫ㳡ϣһָƵʵҶ֪鱮ʵɡ
ǰ˽ڣͶתת

ԣ̧ߴʵ
ʵ˱ڣ嫶أ
ʵľŷ俪ػʵػ㡣

һڣҲһοʵ

뵱꣬ҾתƵĹ֮Уĺ㲻ʶġ

ǰʮ䶯ڵԽս
Ϊĺսĵھˡ
ֻǽΪĺ㲻Ϊ
ǽΪĺѾԪӤΪˡ

ʦ֣Ƶġĺ㡯һο˴϶õһλĺʦ𣿡˳ʵ

ǰпʵϾ¼ĺ㵱ʮԽս
ĺһΪŵӲ£µ֪ԼŵӣŬ

ӶеȣһȺˣǵУ϶ֻܳΪŵӵˣɳΪŵӲ£ֻҪ㹻ŬǾͼпܻΪһԶÿ˴ǰʮŵӣ

δ֮ʱǰʵһĨ㡣
нղż뽣ڵĵӳʦ֣ʵһĨ㣬ʲô

Խսʶ͵
룬ʶʲôתĨ㡣

ʱΪʦֽ״ˣ᰽ڳԼ˪֮洫ϵη˱仯
в洫ӳλᣬߴȥһ塣
ʵвٹ

ʵĹǣֻҪսɹһӰͻ¼ڱϣԴ˹ѧϰ
ʧܣһӰ޷ʵϡ

һˣʦʦԽսǵһڣһһԽսɹɡ

˵գȥָ㿪һĨ㡣

֮Уһտӹ
˲ĺ㣡

ͬʱĺҡӰ֮д

̫Ϸĺҡ⣬Դʦս

ԴǣΪλ洫ϵڰĵӣʮǰΪ洫ӵġ






114.  һһʮ   Ҳ콾ġ


, Խ̨ǰ
ĺҡ⹰񣬳̫Ϸĺҡ⣬Դʦս

ԴһϮ, , 翷ӡ
ʮǰΪ洫ӡ

һУ˸ʾޡٳĸһ
һʮǰ뽣, ڵһ쿼˴ϣͷ
һʱ֮, ˵Ŀⶼڸһϡ

ԴΪ븵һͬһ洫, ڵ긵һδ뽣֮ʱ, һ쿼˴пܰεͷ֮ˡ
˵, ûиһһΪ½洫ӵһ

Ϊ½洫ӵĵڶ, ԴǵʵȻҲӹɵġ
Ϊ洫ʮ꣬ΪѾ洫λеڰ

ʮǰΪ洫ӵʮ֮, Ҳֻλ洫ǰʮѡ
Դǣλеһĸһˡ
ԴڵԼ, Ҳǽʢ֮ҵ֮һ

Դǻ̧, һϮµĺҡ, ȴ¶һĨЦ
ĺʦ, û뵽ôҪʼսˡ

ʢڼ
ɽں͵ɳλҼ֤˵ѡ, һҶڲ²ġ
ڻɳ, һѡȻӹɡ

ɽ洫, ʸΪҼ֤˵ģֻǰλĺҡʦˡ

ʢὫڶٿϢ֮ʱԴǾѾõԼҼĴѶ, Ҫ̽λĺʦõĵ
ֻǣûֵʱ򣬷λĺʦ˵Ҫս

ĺҡҪΪɳȥҼ֤ˣʵͱҪþӵܷС
ĺҡ˾٣ơ

Դǽӵ崫ѶʱҲĺҡǰһ쿼˴ϵı֡

ʮԽսһŵһٳΪ쿼˴Ŀĵ֮һ

ڸƵһϣԻѩٵǿ˴ȵһΪ½洫ӵһ

ӸƵһԣڽ񣬲ʱ䣬۷ڡ

ڽϻ˲洫ӣΪ˪ֱ洫λеʮһ

񲻹ʱ䣬ǽ׵ԪӤ硣
˿ֲĽٶȣ١

ԴĺҡҪս֮ʱѾ֪ĺҡ˾ٵ塣
˾Ҽ֤ˣһһ֤ʸҼ֤ˡ

ĺҡơ
ͬǰһĿѾȷˣֱָ洫һǸλá
Ƕ֮ӵĽš

Դǻǵõһ쿼˴ϣһ֮䲻ʮĸһС
һ֮ӣĺҡҲ֮ӡ

ԴߵĹ⡣
ֻڸһٳĺҡΪ½洫Ӳ꣬δѡ
ԣ˲ŻĺҡΪҼ֤˵ʸ

ԴΪһ븵һֵ°֪ܽһʵҲ֪ͬž޵ĺҡ⣬Լһսƺ䶨ˡ

Դ˼ˣ΢ȴһ
Ӳܣһսġ
Ҳ콾Ľһһߵλ
ҪĳΪ˵ĵʯҲʹĸԸġ

˼ˣԴǹ֣ĺʦüȻѾҷսˣȻǲܾ
һһĶĺʦãԽ̨

ĺҡԽ̨ԴһԾԽ̨ϡ
Լıһգȳ֡

븵һһսľ飬Ȼ֪ڱ£Լȳ֣ǿ»ͷβѹŴ


Դǻһĺҡ̧
⽣ͬʱ̤

տӳԴǻӳһײϡ
ԪӤϻֽײ֮£ڴ˿̲Լͬŷǿ

ײգ֮䡣
ܿ죬ԴʶǰĺҡĽĽⲻ֮ʱԥԼĽʩչ

Դǰ뽣翷壬佣Ѹ֮硣Ľ뽣ȻҲйء

ԴǵĽϢʱĺҡ㣬ս⽣
һ˲ĲԴʩչʱ̱仯

Դ콣Ӱ֮УȻΡ
ıڣĽ⻹ڣĽڣͬʧԽ̨ϰ㡣

ĺҡ͵ػӳһտ⣬ʱʧȥԴǵӰֻײ˲併ٶĽ򣬽仮һ᲻صĽ

Դʧˡ
ĺҡԾ⽣ԿԴռԽ̨Ľ
ᴵ΢磬ԽԽ̨ϡ

ĺҡ⾲ϸ˼š
Ľ⻯Σѩ
Դأ
ԴǵĽ⻯Σʲô
ʲôĽܹԴһԽ̨˲䣬˳ʧˡ

Խ̨ϣֻĺҡһˡ
Դȥ˺δ

ˣϢԽ̨ϣϢĿĺҡе⽣


⽣һ
翿һᣬԵһ˲ĺҡٶȻӳ

ͬʱĺҡ΢ԼĽ򳹵׽٣ѹԽ̨ϡ
Ľ⻯Σѩ

Ƿ硣
ԴǵĽ⻯ΣǷ硣
Խ̨ϢԴǽԼĽ⣬һУϮ

ϢΡ
ɵѩ֮εķתĺۼ
ԴǻӽĺҡĽ֮£ʱֳ


ĺҡ⽣տԽ̨ϻһĨ⻡Դǻȥ

ͬʱӳ
Ľ⻯֮£Դ޷ʹԼĽ⡣
һʧȥεƣѩǰ֮󣬽Ŀܡ

ת˲֮䣬ĺҡ⻮⽣տԴǵηԽ̨ġ

Դһֻ⽣һĨѩ⻪
һĨ΢࣬ȻȻͣ


ߵ⽣΢΢

ԴһƼ˼⽣ˡ

ԪӤս
һԽս
ĺҡҪ֤ĵһսӮˡ

ĺҡԣ⽣˻ʦ֣á

ԴջеıЦһĺʦã֪ΪһεҼ֤ʱѾ˽ȥڽڵ
˽֮£ˡ

ʦ˽⵽ҲֻǱ˿ڿഫѡĺҡ̹Ȼ
УԪӤ֮Ϊʿսĵһս

ԼǰǽΪ֮ʱͬһһ뻯ΪȨǾӦˡ
븵һ֣ȨǾ߻ΪӦɹɱ

ĺʦ˵е
Դ̧ĺҡ⣬ĺʦս֮󣬽ļӦûս洫֮ϵЩ˰ɣ

ĺҡⲢδӦ
ԴԹԵļʮǰڵĿ˴ϣ뵱ʱĸһһս֮ҳΪ쿼˴ȵĵڶ
㡣

ĺʦã֮ϻ߸ˡǵΪսԶ֮ϡ
ʮԴһһλϣȴٳٲȥս֮ϵЩˡ
Ǳ뻯񾳽磬Ϊ洫Ҳǿ

ҺڴÿһԽս
Դǹйٴοڵ븵һһս

Խ̨䣬ƽڵ֮ϡ
Դ˵գи뿪

ĺҡϸ˸ղһսľ󣬲ŻԽ̨
ǽ洫ǰʮȻʲôѰ֮
Ҳѹֵ˪һֱ洫ϵʮһ޷ǰһ

ǰһԴǡ˪ͬΪһ쿼˴Ƚ׵洫ӣֱռ洫ϵʮʮһΡ
ʱ򣬷Ȼ֮ͬһ쿼˴ȵ洫ӽ洫ǰʮʣȫռݡ

սԴ֮ʣҪսĶ֣˸һ⣬ȻȫǷȻһ׵洫ˡ

ǰģʣ߸ˡ



ڣԪ㳡
һȺڵˣվʵǰĺҡԴһսȫˡ

ʱӰ¼֮дԴʱУԼӮһ԰㡣
ҲûȥץסһˣҾ˵ĺһӮģ԰ɡ

ĺǲǺ

š
עӰ¼еǵӰӦġ






115.  һһʮ   Ľʦܹ򡭡


еһ, ָ֮£ǿһӰ¼֮, ĺλԴʦ֮ıԡ

ڳ֮, Ŀǰ϶һЩֻܳΪŵӵˡǧҪҷǶ֪, ĺǰҲֻһŵ, һο˴֮, ն˵һ, Ϊ½洫ӵһ

, 洫λеھšһԹ, ĺ洫ϵڰĵˡ

Խ˵Խˣʵĺ
ʵǰ, в˺ƼĺҡԴǵһԣ׷׿ڵĺ

˵, ƽ, ֲһȺ˼ȥ
˿ʼŷ

ֵǳ֮ʱ, ڵͷ, ǳ, ͬھŷ֮еġ

ǽʸѡ֮ʱ, Զ࿼ǿǳ尡, ǳµӿǼõģȻȲ΢Ĳƴ֣ҲиСʦž޵Ĵ, ǷǾŷ֮˵ġ

ԣ̲סλСʦ֮¡
ǽղڣɸһ֮ȴѾ鿪ˡ

Сʦְĺ㻹ûгΪ洫֮ǰҲһ콾ˡ
ڸһ֮ҲϤЩΪ֮¸Ⱥ˵˵

ﵽ󣬽ƻĺҡϣĺڣСʦ־ͲʲôˣһգĺսСʦ֣洫һλϸġ

˵˴ʱ۽Ƴ˴ԶĻ꣬æ˵Сʦ֣ˣλСʦܣǸСʦֵ׵ܵܣΪһ

һἰԼ֣ת˹
˻֣λʦܰǰĺһͬΪ½洫ӵģһһλԽսɹĵӡ

ҲҪλʦܶѧϰѧϰ

һɫۣһ˫Ĵ۾ĵ÷ɫ״ɣü
ų߹ѧϰʲô

Ц£Ȼѧϰʦսܴļԡ

ǳٽĸϢܴǳ

ͱʲôһսһȴԼҸһٵϢٱʲôһһҪŲȸһ֮ġ
кܶܶƵϢ

һԣüͷýͰ͵ģʱ˲٣ߵʲôʱ򱻸һˣͬһ֮ʦʦ֮ѡá
һһصĸ֡

Ǹǳİɣ
һŽЩ죬ʹûȽش𣬱תǰһȺˣڽÿһξŷ彻ʱ򣬸ǳɶǱ屩úܲҵġ
ҪǰŷĻһҪǳΪǵ壬ȼǳ壬ܻڵġ

˵һͽҽ˵

ԣüͷһСʦܣɱ˵ǳʲôʱ屩ˣ֮Ѻý
ķӦͬһǰʱ򣬾Ȼһģһ

ǳ˴ڣƽһЩ
ǾǳϲֱӰǵϢ
ٱǳƮƮ̫ˣǰҪһ֡

˴˵һһ̲סͬһѺý

һȺȴżϤڵǿŲԶѾĽ͸һͻȻЩˡ

վȺ֮У̧Ž͸һȻŸԵĳ
ЩһһʽζѧϰģŬ޷ġ
꣬屻һ·׷ɱֻڱƶСϡ
ա廹Ϊ˻סɳɱɱ

壬û˸߹һֻҪԥͻܱ
ѧ
ѧȥڡ
Ҹᡣ

ڱѩԭ֮ĺҡλ˵Ļ΢΢򴽡
ѧȥڡ
ڣѾˡ
кöѧ֮ˣ϶Ĺ⡣

ҡ㣬ˡ
ĬȻ˵



ĺҡսԴǳɹ֮ûһգϢѾ
ĺҡһ½洫Ӳݣһ쿼˴ȵڶԴǸˡ

Ĺ㳡ʵϣ洫ϵٴη˱仯
Դսܣԭĵڰھϡ
֮෴ǣĺҡԭĵھʼڰ

˵ĺҡֳʵ洫ϵʮһ֮ʱһδе⡣

ǰ洫ǰη䶯Ȼ״ᰱڳִ洫ʧӶĺҡδӵʮһԾھʱһֻǾòǻԵɺ¶ѡ

ĺҡԴǣʵʵԴһս֮ϽһΡ

ţĺҡսԴǳɹ֮ʱĺҡ⿪ʼ洫ϵս
һ֮н洫ǰʮٴη仯
ĺҡԭĵڰ

Դǽʮǰһ쿼˴ȵĵڶĺҡսġȴڶʮǰѾΪ洫ӵʦ֣
ϢһѸ˵顣

ǰиһʮǰڲʮĹΪʷ洫ӣĺҡ½洫ӵսʮ洫ӡ
Ҫǣĺҡ⻹սɹˣ
սɹˣ

ңԾռݼӢһķȻ뽣ڲʮ꣬ѾΪߡ
洫ôˣ
̫ײˡ

ԭǰΪǰ洫֮£ٴ뽣еʿڹȴвʿȥš
Ϣһȴٶ˲ʿڣΪڽ˲ˡ

һʱֵʢٿǰǽڣǵڣҶ洫ϵı仯ʮֹעͿء
ĺҡΪ洫Ϣ֮ʱұ㶼֪ˣһνɳҼ֤ˣĺҡĪ

ڴ֮ǰĺҡпܻΪɳҼ֤˵Ϣ֮ʱһɹĺҡǷʸҼ֤ˡ
ĺҡȴ洫ϵھŽڰڰڴҵ
ĺҡ֤ΪҼ֤˵ʸ

ûʸҼ֤ˣ
ǺãҾͷǵҪ֤֤С

ɽǱȼŵһڵʽ
ƴɽоԴ
ʣ¼һԴɢա

ĺҡδվκһңǶһġ
Ϊ˾ٴ˴ǰɵ档
ɢϢ֮ʱͦĵģһ֮ķûвɢޡ

º󣬵ĺҡΪ洫ϵ֮ʱڿʼסˡ
Ŀǰڽ洫ϣǰʮУоȫΪӵܡĺҡÿϽһʹִһӵܡ

ҽеĺڣɲΪ˸ӵܵʯġ
ҷ׷״Լڽеĺ󱲴ѶҲʼ洫ǰһ壬嶪

Щա
Ϊ洫ϵĵӣλĺʦһһϽ

ʱĺҡ˵ʱ￩һ֪ĺҡٹãҪսˡ

ɵǣǰղŽӵԼҼĴѶҪס洫λãܱĺҡսɹˡ
ΪĴ֮һʢٿ֮ʱһ洫ӵλöסĻǻʲôĴң

Ѷ֮УصҪԲܵȥ
ӵѶʱЩΪѡ

ĺҡǣļƣܣѾǰ϶֮ˡ
ʱһѵԼϣδġ

һֱڵĺҡս
˺ü죬ȴĺҡչصϢ
Ϣ֮ʱûһ

ֵʱָһѶȥһѩҪѩϽ洫һߡ
Ϊѩ½洫ӵڶ壬ȴͬһ㣬ûа㶯
ڲ˶ǰһܸ֮ĺҡѩˡ

ڽӵѶʱһ
һգ壬ҵԼλһֱûж

Ѷң˵
Ѿǳõ洫ˣΪ񣬿ԼλΪԪӤʱ֪ΪȴĪһĨļ֮С

˵ʢٿǰһߣΪ֤ҴĴҵλϣеȥΣա

ʢϿҵ̣˿һյԴ֮⣬صľ֮УжӵܳΪ˸ŵ洫ӡ
УԳΪں͵洫ΪҪ

һΪ洫ϵһһʢ֮Уˡ

ԭƶؾ֮ǰλ洫ڶ¼ҲӦ˵ġ
ɺᰳ£ڳ˪ڽڵ¼ӵȫʮ⡣

Լڵڵλ˵¼ҼǷһ㣬Ͻ洫ǰȥ
λѾҪ¼ҡ
λ£ûûҹУ۲ˡ

Ҷҡ
Ҷ֮ˣﻹʲôȵģ

Ĵ֮УȻֻ¼ҸҺΣգڵ֮׵ıԵǻš

˼ˣһʢ׹ϵ֪ѩ
̧ѩ󣬵˼أ

Ҫģѩһʢ֮ǰ뽣洫ǰʮ
صѶ֮˵Ǹĺҡⶼ֮ڽǰʮѩƾʲôУ
꣬λһ֮ĺҡѡ

ǡ

ĽѩתҧŴ꣬ɵƶؾ֮бħϮƣûȬ
򲮲Ҫȥս洫ǰʮʦʦ𣿡

ƼѩɫԾѩֽλΪϢˡ

Ľʦã֪һʱ䣬ĺҡʦýս洫λǰʮĺüˣһսģ˰
˵Ľʦãȴ뵽һλĺʦá
ͬĺ/ĽʦãôյĲôأ

Ľѩĺҡ⡱֮ʱԭ˲˲١
صں󣬽Լ籣ǰҪ˻Ҳȥҹĺҡ⣬ѯĺҡǲ塭

ǣÿ׼֮ʱܻиָ⧲ⷢ
ң㲻֪Ϊʧȥ˼䣬ΪʲôԭǶܶ

̯֣̹Ȼһʱ䣬ΪĺҡʦñƵý֮ӵܶʼϳˣʢ֮ǰԼȡһΪȥ

˵˵ţĽѩ⣬Ȼһ
Ľѩ⡭ǵĽҼСŮĽΨһҴˡ

˼ˣ۽Ƴѩɫܲ˵ĽʦãʵһʢᣬĽ

ʦ֡
ѩƽ壬𽥸ֳ֮ɫ

Ľѩδǰ仰ɵ顭ʲô
ͬʱѩ󴦴һæתȥƼѩɫ԰ףȥǰѩһˮ

ѩ󾲾塣
ãĵԲˣ

ĽұĽѩ꣬ѩò׽һˣӻңϸչţ²ĽҸ֮ʱ
ѩĽѩⱣúúõģΪһǵΡ

ֲѩ
һαƵýˣҲ᲻˼λӣʢҪĽҸ¸˵

建վǰĽѩĽʦãһʢϣҾĽұһ¡Ϊ½ҵĿˡ

飡
ǰĴһ׹ѵ졣
Ľѩ⿪ʼæҵĶȥʰƬ

Ľʦܹҵ飬Ҳȥսˡ






116.  һһʮ   ʦ֣Ӧǰ


˵, ûȥѩʱı飬Ťͷȥ
ԽĽѩ֮ʱ, ΢ͣ½Ų, ĽʦÿԿһ¡

Ľѩڵϣȥ, ʰЩ豭Ƭ
ʱЩ㱣Ƭ, ָ⻮, Ѫ˿ڴ˳, ȾһƬ״Ƭ

, 
ѩ

ðΣĽѩ⽫Щ豭Ƭʰú, վȡһµıӵһˮ˹

, Ⱥˮɡ
Ľѩ⽫Լ״ƬƵִָֻ࣬߬

ѩӹǱˮ, Ŀ䵽Ľѩⴹֻ, ڵ, ˡ
Ľѩ, ɵֻǱ״Ƭָ, ûд󰭵ġ

, ĽѩѩǱˮþδж, Լֻ˳ʾ磬ʵûʲô󰭵ġ
ָ, һѪֳ

Ľѩ΢һ£Լָջ
ȴһ˲ѩ׽סֻջȥƽҼǵСʱ򱻿ˡˣ޵ģȴҲ𣿡

ǣѾ˰
Ľѩ΢üۣңĽѾˣҲˣҲǵˡ
ôʸȥأ

㻹ҡ
ѩ˵ţӴռ֮ȡһƿҩĽѩ⽫ָ⴦˿ڰãֲŽ͵ղŴʦ˵Ļġ

ʢٿڼ¡ҶĴ֮⣬ССѾʼ½ҵ׼ˡ

ʱͬʦһ˿ܻкܶࡣ
ѩĽѩԼţʱ㾡Ҫ뿪ߡ㣬Ǹ鷳

Ľѩԣתѩ󣬳ɲЩǲҸйڵĽұϸ֦ĩڣ
ѩֻܶһжڡ

Ľѩ⿪ʵ磬ĽұһֱûлҵЩħ䡣ʢʱ򣬸۶ģȥģ𣿡

ðκѩӦҴӦ㡣ҲҪӦһ¡

ʲô£
ȥ˶ģҪʲôҪȸң֪𣿡

ĽѩͷӦãһġ
磬һҵģ㲻õġδҪȥսЩʦʦˡ

ѩƽ֪ԼΪġ
˵˴Ľѩѩҩæ磬Ҷҩˣȥ

ѩĿĽѩ뿪ջĿ⡣
뵽˵ȡԼһֱδù洫ƣָḲϡ
ûȥǸ硣

õ洫ʱڤڤ֮з·һڸ򲻵ѣҪȥ硣

ѩ˼ãʶ̽û洫֮С
⻷һ䣬ʶת˲С

ͬʱУĹ㳡ϵʵӹһĨ⻪
ѩȥעԼִ洫ĩβһ·ϣͣ˵ڶʮ

ѩһ硣
תǳ֮ңңĻ
֮Уһ˫˶۾עеѩ



֮󣬽еӲŷ洫ηı仯

ѩ󣬵ڶʮɻ
Ȼв洫ΪʢʼŬˣɲ˶ǵѩλΪδš
ôͻȻͱ洫ϵڶʮˣ

е洫ԭڵڶʮڵڶʮģϾʱ̣ѯʡ

ʵһֱû˵һ֮ǰҾͰܸλʦܡ̹ȻʱҾΪҵκܿҪȥˣ֪ôġ

ʦΪƣΪʲô飬һֱûн硣
ԣ洫ϵβһֱûнġ
ǰգ˺񿴵ʦܳˡ

˶ѩ洫ϵһŸɢȥ

ʱΪʢڼں͵洫ϵζѩεı仯ֻСΧЩѡ

Ҹڴǣĺҡչس֮󣬻᲻սֱָ洫ϵһĸСʦ֡

ʢٿʣµʱҶ׽𵤺ڶء
һգͬ᰽Լ֮󣬾ͱչز

Ҷ֮΢˶Ī
΢ʦҶҲʮֽģ

һգҶסʦ㣬ʦ㣬ܶʲô
΢ʦ㱻סһ٣ðβһԼڵаʦˣǲûж㡣

Ҷһüңɫƽ˵ɡ
˵ʲô΢ʦװ޹

˵ᰡ
Ҷתת·ڵķ

΢ʦʵʦãҲģû˰ûˣǿҡ
ʲôʱˣ᰽ԼҿĻأҶڵ
ע⵽ʦ˵еĹؼʵôˣ

ᰳԼɱ˪£ûκα⡣ձˡ
ǻáҶȻأͻ¼ˣ

΢ʦɵ뿪ڻ¼ҵһգħˡ
Ҷ齩˲üͷ

ħɱϵ¼ӵܣһ֣ħȥȻǡ¼ҽţᰶϾһйϵ˵˭ΪɽɱħᰣΪ¼ҿ䳤ϡ

¼ҶᰵĴ
Ҷ˴ʦ˵֮ԣðβŷӦ
˵ЩʲôȴʲôҲû˵ת뿪

Ҷصڶգ뿪ڣȥ˾˵ǵħƬǰվá
һ̷ǰĺҡ˵Ļ

ʹħ
ԭǻǲҪԼˡ

ҶصڣʼΪʢٿ׼
˵չʱĺҡΪʵ洫ϵǸ֣ʧ

뿼˴Ƚ꣬һжû䣬ֺʲôˡ

ٽʢٿǽڣǵڣ֮е洫Ӷí˾Ҫʢ֮ǰΪԼȡľʸ

ʢʣ¶ʮգĺҡأ洫λе巢ս
ͬգӵ䣬ĺҡ洫

պĺҡ洫ϵλʦ㷢ս
ʮպĺҡλ洫
ʱʢٿʣʮա

ͬʱҶ洫ʮڶʮ
֮ϵĵڶʮѩ

ڿ˴ǰϦҶĺҡⶨ¶ԼԼʮԽս
ҶʤǰųԽս˵ʮҲһϡ
ܸѩ

ʢٿʣ֮ʱĺҡ洫ϵڶʦַս
ͬգĺҡ洫ϵν븵һֱλеһڶ
ҲһգҶѩ󷢳սٴΰѩ֮֡

Ԫ㳡ǰҶƽѩǼһԼʵΪҵһΰеʱͲˣһΡͬң

ĺҡ䴽ЦҲͬȥ˰
֮󣬲ŷҲϽѩȻĵĽһ硣

ҲΪһν磬ѩʵЩղסˡ
ڽƶؾһգѩͬ˰ܺ󣬱Ѿµѩʵ¡

Ϊ·ԭѩڳΪ洫ԲܺΪ׳ȥġ
Ȼϣѩӵ˿Խ洫ǰʮ
ѩλڵڶʮϣҲʵ

ĺҡ˼ˣһ˸һΣѩ˼У
ʲô

ҶüЩԸش
֧֧˺һſڵҲôʮаɡ

ĺҡƽתҶ
ҶźðɣҲʮ֮ڡ

һ˵Ŀɶ滰Ҷ֣̹Ȼ
ҲµˡĺҡͷӦ

Ϊ洫ϵڶѾ㹻ʸҼ֤ˣ㻹սһ𣿡Ҷ̲סʵ
ڶѾ쿴ĺҡʵˡ
ĺҡ֮ĲԽԽˡ

ĺҡ⿴Ҷô֪𣿡

Ȼ֪
Ҷԣ΢̧򢣬ߵ΢ȺһﳳҪһľ֣븵һ˭Ӯ
˭ӮǰڣĺҡҪһսС

ĺҡüЦ㻹ǵڽڽʱ𣿡
ǵãôˣҶ

ʦͬиԼģԼԪӤһսĺҡȥעˡ
Ҷæϵ˭˵ҪעģҲ΢Щһһѡ

㡣ĺҡν
Ҷһȥ͸˵븵һ֮һսģǷע

ģҶ΢ЩһӮעġҶִ󷽵ҵģѹӮ̫٣̫ˡ

ĺҡԣһֵ㼪ԡ
ǻ֪ҶԸôģͰ׻ôЩˡ

Ҷһ
֮ᴹԼ±ͶӰӣ˵ħ֮ǰһ棬˵ʲôˣ

˳⡣
ʲôҶʵ
᰸ң˳ӡȥˡĺҡ



ʢٿǰգһڸɳҼ֤ѡ

̫Ϸ壬ĺҡ⡣
ڵӣġ

ڰ֮ǰĺҡΪһεҼ֤ˣһҶ᲻
񡭡ĺҡ԰ʱս洫ǰλеڶ˭˵һ䲻˭˵һ䲻

ʱ䣬ĺҡԪӤΪԽս߳νλӸһ֮¡
˻ڴĺҡһս

ʢٿǰһգĺҡҶڳǰġ
һգĺҡų˽ڣǰ󴦡

ھŲԶĺҡ̧ȥƼǰˣʦ֣ӦǰԼ






117.  һһʮ   ʢ֮£ʢ


ڲٵӶڲ², ĺҡںʱεһս
Ϊһսصؿһľ֣ľǸһӮ, ĺҡӮ

ҵ˺ܾ, ֱʢٿǰһգҶûеȵĺҡԸһս, ˱Ϊĺҡ߳Խս֮󣬴ʱֹˡ
Ͼ, ĺҡ洫ϵڶĳɼ, Ѿ㹻ʸҼ֤ˡ

Ȼ, Ҷû뵽, ĺҡ븵һһԣǷڽפ֮ġ

һվڲǰһ, ߲ӰͶӰ΢Ĺ⻪շһϮ°׳ϣ
ĺҡ, ̧ǹҡʦá

ĺҡ߹ȥ, żʦȺܾˣ
Ƭʱѡһ

ǰһڽ, һΪڽ, ĺҡ֮ʱ, ɽ򽣳ʥķӦƶϳĺҡǡ
ʱ, ĺҡһ, ԼĺҡԪӤʱ, һս

ƶؾ֮ϣһĺҡйݽ̸, ĺҡһ𣬹ͬڴ˵һ
ԭǶʱĺҡ͸һԵĽ
ϵ¼ҼͻϮۣ֮˪ɵ㡢ħ֮£νԼһսӺˡ

ǰʱʢ
±һϣϵ˽ա

Ľ洫֮УһΪٳܾŷ֮޵洫ӣǽڲٵĽ֮ˡ
ǽǧĽʿĻʿ

ĺҡ֪ڲ֮Ľһ⽫һλߡ
һһһ֮ˣĺҡ֮Ϊߡ

˼ʱĺҡһ뵽ݷۡ
ݷ緢ʱ򣬿ػϹʱʱΪݷۡ

ǳ۵ϣڶ࣬ȴһݷ۵
ҪôΪݷ鲻ãҪôΪݷ۵ʵ˽֪Ҷ֮۵ֿԡ
ԭȻܻǰߣǾֻǺˡ

ĺҡ񣬳ڽڽϣ븵ʦйһսԼʱһս
áһӦ
һգѾܾˡ

ĺҡ븵һһսΪûзڽڣӶδӰ¼¼Ԫ㳡ʵϣ˲鿴
λ֮⣬ɽ֪һսǺεȵľʾס
һλʮǰٳ˵콾꣬һλ֮ǰ޴ˡһӵ֮ˡ



ʢٿڼ
ӵܽǿʼ̣ĸȥ
·;֮У洫Ϣı仯˵ע⡣

һʱ䣬ΪĺҡüԽսҶڹעĺҡϵı仯
ֻҪһб仯ܿͻᱻ֪

洫ϣԭλڵһڶֽǻı仯
̫Ϸĺҡ⣬λеһ
ԭڵһ帵һڶ

Ƽ洫ϵһڶı仯֮ʱһ㶣𾪡
һˣ
һˣ

һ˭
ǽеĽţԲʮ֮ʣΪ洫ӡ
ʮ꣬ٶȳΪɽĻʿ

һĺҡ⡣
ڲΪ֮ʱ֮Ǹ𾪡
Ҳ𾪣Ǻ档
ǺΪĺҡĽ޳ɺģõʲôݽںΪʦ

ӵʹԼҼõĺҡйصϢ
ĺҡνǡ
ʲô֪ǵʿѾˡ

רȥ˺Ϊǣһż֮ҵ˼ء
ǣسһܣʺ޽ʣ

֮࣬ܿע⵽һ񵥡ݼӢ
ݼӢϰʿǹڰµʿһʿսΪ˫ر׼ġ

˷ݼӢϣһͬҲ˱仯Ѹϴ˺üɹݼӢǰ
ݼӢ񿼺սΪ
սͿ֮սӮΡ
ΪǿʿΪ硣

һĺҡ⣬ȴݼӢǰ
˵˸һڴս֮УΪ
ΪľֻһСĿԽ

һĺҡһս֮Уһ󾳽硣
ԭǻΪǽһ󾳽磬ǡ
֮

ɴƶϸһΪʱ򣬲ɵõһ
ϾΪ
һ䲻ʮͷѾʿɽмǧʿ

ǰнڷȻԽ󾳽磬׳ΪʿнڸһԹʮ֮ʳΪΪɽʿ
ôˣ
ôײС

ģڡ
ƴϵ֪Ϣ֮ʱʵ

ôͳô޽أҡͷ̾Ҵǰòײŷֵһ޵ţȻҵڣȥˡ
ƴϻ㱨ϢֵصӽͰ͵㽣Ǹһǵڻʦְ

ֻע⵽һСˣôעעǵСأû

ĺҡ𣿡
ֵصӳɵɸһϾ磬Ҫĺҡ⣬洫ϵһ׾֮𣿡

ƼԼСһҲϻۣ̲ס䣬˵˵ĺҡܸһȣǸһȽ֮ȣ
ֵص̹Ȼ϶ĺҡܸһȰ

ףΪ򣬻λˡԽףֻΪһ
ƴʵ˵˵һԽ׵ʲô

Ϊ
ֵصһ˲׽סǸ뷨Ϊĺҡ⣡һΪĺҡһս֮У򣬲Խ׵ġ

ھ˭ڽⷽһЩʵ
ĺҡ⡣ֵص㶵

һϵҶԽ׸𾪵ˣһܹ֮ĺҡ⡣
ƻڽ̷ǰǸÿСҪ˵ĺҡСδɾ;Բֻڴ˾硣

ֻҪĺҡܹǶħħ䡣
¥֮£֮һ
ʮű¥ɱĳԾɼǵѪʬɽ

ֵص㶳ԭĺҡô
нƴϵѣû뵽һ㡣

һвʮ꣬Ѿ֮
ĺҡѵͲ

ֵصӺȻ뵽ǰйĺҡĽܡ
ǰĺҡһŵӶýڿ˴ȵһĳɼʱ𵤡
ĺҡѾԪӤΪ

ʱ䣬˭ܴڣԪӤڣ
ǵøһԪӤʱҲֹŻʱ䡣

˼ˣ̲סٴθпĺҡ



ģǰ
⻪һʿͶ

ĽΪʢٿ˵˲١
ĺҡ븵һ߳۽֮¡

ĺҡἰһ֣ʦ֣㿴֮ûһգϢѾˡ

һҡͷڵֻΪĽףȴ֪ΪͬҲ

һսΪģǸһһ˶ѣĺҡΪҲڽס
ҶĺҡΪͣԪӤڵľ磬ⲻ֪ѾǻΪ

һսģֹǸһһˡ
һɻϡ
ĺҡԪӤ׻

ʱ䣬ҡʦڽڣϢ˳ȥҶġһ̾

ĺҡԣָ΢
븵һһս׻ٶǰδеĿ졣

ðΣĺҡʦʿԤ𣿡
ҡʦ֪ʿԤ𣿡
ͬһʱ䣬һҲ֮

ΪʿԤУ
ʿеһ֮󣬻ӵжδԼԤУʶ֮ӰʿڵһЩΪӶܺ

ƶؾ񹬵ʱĺҡӷ֮طݷ۸ĺҡʿԤй֮¡

򵽵Ƿ˵֮Ƿ
ĳ˵֤δܳһʱ䲻õ

Ȼƶؾ֮Уѡ״ˡ
븵һһս֮У˫˫ס

ڽӷȻᰣһ˪ٵһ洫ӣҶԶѩ󡢸һ
һɿڴΡ
ȫ֮С
ӱڽһǰδеʢ

֮෴ģǵˡ
ڽܹóȽϵģֻλһˡ

ʢ֮£ʢ˥

ĺҡ⿴һ
һתĺҡ⡣
ˣ뵽һ㡣

δƽ١






118.  һһʮ   Ѿܾûлع


ħ, Ԩ֮ء
ħ𽫴ħ֮ѡλħϢһħħΪ֮Ķ
ңһѡħ, ûֻʮħ֮гħ, Ƿʮħħ

ѡħζʲô
⽫ζšǷʮħħѡγΪµһλħ, ʱգħ֮лᵮʮһħ塣
еࡢᡢ⡢λħ, ħ峤, ȫʮħ

Ϣ, ħط
, ħѡΣѾ֮ˡ
ħؾѡ, ѡħ徫Ӣħ缫Ԩ֮صĻʳ֮УĽ

ħʳǳŴ̽ħ
ʱ֮ʱ, Ȼħ֮еĻҹĲ𲢲
ſڹյλεĵ, Х罫εҡҡλε, ⼸Ϩ

Ҫʳǵ, һҪñ
гƼ˲ԶһϮסӰݵħ, һ߲鿴, һ߶š

ܿ, Ǹź۵ħǰ, һγҪʳǣ͵ðñ
λϴ˺ܶˣ֪ЩħŹҹƧ, ϲ¶

á

һӦ󣬱Ƽǰź۵ħñ
Ƽǰħҿñʱ˲૵ħһİɣ

ħ֮УǼüΪÿħ붼롢ʶʣͨͨԹΪħһġ
ԭħССħ֮УҲֻħһħÿ
硭гΪħұ۵ħ峤òһ

᰻̧ħʳǣһƵ˹ȥ

Ƽǿʱ֪ǰħһξħ֡
Ȼԭʳǲμħѡεİߡ

Ťͷһ򵥽󣬽ᰴ˻ʳ֮С
ȥջ·ϣȲ֪ħǳ֮˼򵥽ύ֮⣬û׼ָôء

ħһħħһɾ˰
´ħôóΪ𣿡

֪ħһл峤ħߵĵɽλҡħȥ֮л峤ĵλֱġ

ҡ⡭ħ
ҡ⡱ʱᴹ΢һ
뵽ɽ֮еĺҡ⡣
ʱӦʢٿʱˡ

ʵǴħشġ
ᰵ͵ڻʳ֮е鲻̫ϤɷΪҽһʳ֮е
ֻ֪Ȩλħ䣬ǰ˵λҡħҲ𣿡

һǴӱ׵شħЩ˼
ڱشħȽϺú壬ɵúͽͽħ

ħһ嵱ҡħϽΧ֮ڣڱشɢħû˵ʳ֮е飬Ҳ

л峤λҡħġʳ֮еĻ˵˵ʳ֮Уֻࡢᡢ⡢λħټл峤Ƕħߵĵɽ

һѡħλٳֵġ
ԣʵܼħ𣿡

ħôüİħһģл峤ʱ򶨻շһġ
˵ţȻ뵽ǰʱ˭š
ħսдҪ죬λħл峤ȫȨٰ¡

ħһ峤
л峤
ᰴʼնû˵Լħһġ

ҼöħҲһżȻĻ£Ƴл峤ݡͽ㻹Ҽħ֮Уڶôôÿġ
ûѧݵĴʣػؿ޵ľһʡÿ
ôôÿ

᰻һôÿǡ
Ȼл峤

ܿ죬ᰴջǰֵλħл峤Ϊʳǲμѡħħ׼Ŀջ
ƾƣס

Ӧ߽ջ
֮ԾһϮ¡



ɽ磬ǡ
ĺҡ⿴Ⱥƽ

ʢ˥
δƽ١
Ƕĺƽ٣Żôȫڽڣ

ĺҡⲻö֪
Ψһܹ뵽ģֻм֮ıɽ޷ϣЩѾõħܻɽ֮С

ħ֣ǽɽ֮еĺƽ٣Բֻǽһŵĺƽ١

ֻߡΪǧǰʮδħ¥磿
¥ʹýƽٵԴͷ

ĺҡ˼á
²⣬ʱδҲ޴ӡ֤ԼĲ롣

ĺҡΨһģҲֻˡ
븵һ˵ʿԤУȻǲ³˽δпܻкƽһ¡
˶ӣֻܽ·ĵףĬȻš

һʱ֮УΪʢٿۼӵܡ
ĺҡΪҼ֤ˣʱӦȥפסġ
һ仯ĶǣȻı⡣

ĺҡʵʦִ˿Ҫȥפ𣿡
һתȥƼǰ·²ĺҡ˿̵뷨ӦȥĽҵľַ̽

ǽɳҼ֤ˣǵɳҼ֤ˣһʢϣΪҿߡ
һʢὫĽұΪ˱׼֮һѡ½

ĺҡΪҼ֤֮һǰȥĽҾַ̽һЩҲ޲ɡ

ĺҡԣӦʦֲµҵ뷨

һ븵һԽ۵ཻΪֿѣһһʼڽڽʱһսϹͬ跢裬Ǵǰһԣô˵һأ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣뵽һʡ⡣

һӵĵģĽõĽύѵķʽҲġ
Ǵ⣬ȴǵ
ΪҳΪ˴Ϊһλķǫͣ㹻ӱ

ңһĸһһĸһһ̵ƫ
һŮװ븵һʶύΪֿ֮ʱһΨħ֮ϴƫ
һħ嶼ɱ

ĺҡ⻹ǵ֮ǰ븵һڱСһΡ
ǸһһȴȨǾӵлΪӦ

ȨʱɹƳ˼ƷħһǶһˣȨᰮħƷԣĺҡⲻȨ˸һջᷢʲô
ɴˣƶϳ˸һһΪΨħӵʮƫ뷨Ϊħ嶼ɱ

һڸһܳһҼ˳һҲ
һһһʧٶ֮󣬸ʮ궼ûҵһ
Ȼ󣬸һħսҵΪħٿصĸһ
Ƿ˭ϣġ

ĺҡĵҺˡ

Ľҵ걻²־ַλǶ档
ĺҡ븵һĽҾַ֮ʱĽҾַѾвӵڴתţͼҵЩ

ˡһ

ĺҡ⻺̧ԶдĽҾַָ˲

ļ䣬һĽҸ󼸰䣬ٵһ꣬Ѿܾúܾûлعˡ






119.  һһʮ   ĽҼĴŮ


Ľҵ븵Ҷ¡ļͬΪɽ, ڶģȴһҹ֮䱻ħ
һվкۼ

, ֻǵĽҵĲֶϱڲԫѡ

ĽҸ𲻹, ԭɽеұĴҡ
Ĵ֮£СС۶, ϰٸңҶ½ҵλá

ĺҡվĽҾַǰ, Ŀ, ˲Զ
ʧһ˲, ܿ㲻Ļع, ߰ɣǽȥ

ĽҾַ, вӵܶ̽Ľ
һվĽСڸ֮ʱѾˡ
ڳʩչ׷Դͷ֮, ȴֻܵõƬΣ޷̽ҹǺεȵĲҡ

ĺҡ뿪֮ǰ, õ˵꽣˵ĳ
Ĺ, ڵڵ, Ҳһݡ
ֻ, ûв𿪿֮еѡ

Ľұ, ĽѩΪߡ
οĽҸһμԶĽѩס, Ҫöࡣ

ĺҡ븵һĽҾַ, Ǳչĺۼ
Ϊδ߶ⱻ˿ǡ

Сһ㰡ǧĶˡ
ԶʿС̸

ҪôСİ
Сģ
˾, ûǷӦ֮ʱ⴫顱һԭͲһĿľȻﳾ

Χ⧲֮£ﳾ˸
һʱ֮䣬ؿ˷

㣬ëëŵģſ˵ˣ˱Թ
֪ÿȻôһСֹ

ʩһྻﳾɾҲʿϵǱɾ
̧ȥԶһϮѩ׳۵ʿһ˲漴ݼŵ߱ϳ

ڵӣģҲǱҴΨλҼ֤֮һ

ѡ˹ֵ
ҲеڵƼģæʦ֡

ĺҡƼ֮ʱδе⡣
ΪһҼ֤ˣȻҲܹ뵽Ҫǰһ̽
Ŀ⣬

ƶؾ֮ѣҲôʱ⿪ʯֵٻ

վڲԶĺҡ븵һ

Ƽĵľٶɵת
ֻϳ˸һȴʱûϳĺҡ

ð֮˽ʱĲ²⣬Լһ֮£ͬСֹŮޡǲǽһҼ֤ĺҡ⣿

ҪǴҶû뵽ʱ⡢䶯һʱĺҡ⣬Ȼһ˾޵ò
òܽޡ㣬һϮƻ𣬸ĵ÷ɫ˪ѩü֮޶ס
ȥ֮ʱһΪ֮޵òȻһۺ󣬱㱻ӯӯ۷

ȫͬͬһϣд˿̲Լͬĳһʡޡ
ס

ĺҡʱȴ⣬ԭǿÿ֮ĵ֮С
ԼзХ

Գ֮ʱĽұڴʮꡣ
ʮ䣬ȴϵͳҪȥߵľʱ䣬ǿɻġ
֮ЩʱҲ̽Ľ⣬ͼĽһ·ЩȫΪϵͳǿֹƻˡ

ԭĺҡòʧ񣬴˿ȫעеǿÿľµĵ֮С

һܵ𣿡˳ɳʵ
ڳģĺҡ֮⣬ӵܡ
פУһܵˡ

˻֮ʱ˵˼ʼ
û뵽ǿÿľ£ȻǵĽµ֮ܵһ䡣

ĺҡעܵĽҵֹϤӹԺ֮С
ͣĽұһҹħϮĽפطȲãפ֮еҲȥ

׽Ľѩ֮ܵУĽѩܵӳȥ
Ľȫڵħħʼնûзܵ

ܵžǵĽֻܵǵֻһĽҼСŮĽҵı֮˳ȥ
֮ǰ͵Ľ֮ʱʱܵ˵

Ľұ֮ĽҼСŮ֮ãȻλҵң

˵˴֮ʱתĽҼСŮѩһ뽣ڣӦǽڵһӡ

һƺ뵽ʲô뽫Ŀ⿴ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ⻺˻ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ƽǲ´ˣĽҵСŮң䲻ԣѩҲûô졣

ĺҡĻشʱһ¡
ĺҡչƶϣҪȵĽҼλСŮɺꡣ

ĺҡĽҼСŮλʿæֻĺһʱ֮ѡ

ҼĺҡⲢĽҼСŮֳɵڽڣбĽŮ𣿡

ճ㣬ĺҡ⡢ѩҶʮ˶½洫ӣĽҼǸСŮӦҲͬһĵӲŶԡ
ɴҿһ½洫֮УûĽ洫ӡ
ǡĽҼСŮǰĿ˴ϣûܹΪ洫ӡ

˺ܿ뵽йؼ̲ס겻ѡ
ĽΪ֮һ븵Ҷ¡ĴһԻ͹ĽҳįˣĽҵСŮûΪ洫

ǼȻѾܵһȥû׼ܵõЩʲôأ
һ飬˾һ֮ܵ̽

ȻλҼ֤˶ڴ˵أҶĺĺҡһȥܵ̽
ĺҡⲢûʲôǿġ
Ӧá

˼λҼ֤˶ͬˣټϴ˵ػнڸһһţɵԽ
ܵ˴Ӵռ֮óҹƣܵ

ܵ
Լаʱߵ˾ͷʯǰ
˷ɢѰҴʯŵĻء

ûãܿҵЩۼ֮Żظ˳ĺҡ⡢ĺ͸һ

ҹĹ⻪ҫ£ŻҵĽ۳¶
ĺҡⴹƼЩۣԾƽ

ǵõĽѩⱻ⴦֮ܵʱĽѩ˺ܾúܾá
ʱĽѩⶼʿ޷̽ʶȥ̽Ѱǰ·ǲ֪˶ãʯǰ
ҵŻء

ʯŵŻ֮ʱʿܹƵġ
ʱ֪ΪϵͳĽҼѵϢ˵ȴĬȥѧϰ

ѧϰĳΪ˱Ҫˡ

ĿǴŻ֮ʱûжϣ⴦ŻʿƵġ

ԣ̲סڵֻ꣬ĽСŮܵ˳ȥĽҵСŮӦûʿɣô⴦صģ

ļ͵⴦һοǱǿпġ
˼Ƭ̣Щۣ

ŻϣЩּĽ۲һοʯŵĹؼ

ЩĽǸСŮŪģʱŶС
ʱѾԽ츳ˣĽСŮôڿ˴Ȱܱ洫֮λʧ֮أ

һ̳Щ۵ǸˣѧϰһϡȻЩҶ̻֮У֤ڵʱʿ

ĺҡ⻺ȥȥḲŻ֮ϡ
һĨտӿʹеŻطꡱһ졣

þȫҽ۲Ŵ򿪵Żأ֮Ѿܹ׾ٵľʹˡ

ĺҡ⻺֮ӳģֹһˡ
ĽҼĽŮ

Żطһϸ죬ǰʯӦ򿪡
շĺҡһϮ֮ϣޡ

Ҳ˵ʯŵģĽҼСŮλĽҴС㡣˲²

ĽѩĺҡĽҼĴŮΪĽѩ

ϵͳӲֹѧϰԭڣҪýʯţӶĽѩӳ졣






120.  һٶʮ   Ľѩã


, ϴǰ

ΪŵѾˡ
ÿȥѧѧϰ֮󣬱ϴرʱĽ, ȻȥýһЩԼܼ
ҹ, ʼһҹС

ϴرߣвͬһŵ
Ҷѧǻ, ˣͬߵĵ, żԱԼĽ

Եڱѩԭ֮, ĺҡİܹ, Ѿܹ֪ԼƵ, Ҳܹʼʶˡ

ȻǼʹģĺҡע֮, 
һ䣬֪ʹѾԽԽˡ

ֱ뽣ڣתķ, ʼ
˰ʱ䣬Ϊڡ
ٶ, ֮˵, ѾǺܿٶˡ
ɶŵӶ, Ϊһ塣ŵӿһҹ֮, ΢ľͣƬӡ

ÿս֮, ȥԪ㳡ʵ, ȥһʦʦıԡ
뽣ڵһս˵, ĺҡ⵱껹һŵ֮ʱеʮԽսڵĵӰ¼

Ȼûۼ˵ֻе洫, ˵
ҡѾ洫ϵһˡ
̫Ϸĺҡ⣬λһ

ðκ屧Լľ߻Լס

Ԫ㳡ϣԶ΢߳·Ԫ㳡ʱͣ˽Ų
ŲԶǵӰЩ֮ɫ

Զʦ֣
ҶһϮȹһӣԶߣ㶳񣬲ɵת˳ԶȥȴʲôҲûз֡

Զʦ֣ڿʲôҶʵ
ԭΪԶڿ̫Ľѩ⣬תһ룬ģĽѩѾѩһ뿪˶ġ
ԶʦǲڴʱĽѩġ

Զ˺һ
ֱҶǰӶţŻ񣬳͵Һ񿴵ʱһѡҿˡ

꣬Ϊͯʱڵĺѣҡ
ֻΪϵΪ֧ϵ

ֱһգ䡣
ʱʮֻ֪꣬ĳһգ㳹ʧҡ
ʱҲ֮˥ܣģһ֧

ŷıȨλһ֧Ͼɱࡣ
ȥʸףյĴȴǣԭһ
峹ʧһգѾˡ

ѣа㵱Ǻ𣿵꣬һõúܺõĹѡ
Զ浱ǷˣΪһСʱѾ˵ĺѣڱͱ㸸һ
ʱֵ½ҵĹؼʱ̣֮˽֮ڣĸǵ

ѣʱĺѣ
ҶԣЩ֡
Զ򱦸ַ֮£ŵġ
ԶʱĺѣôˣôûǸҹԶ

Զ͵ͳʱ곤꣬׷ߣ硯ڽҡ
ʱһֱŸ׵ĻԽ֣һֱΪ

Զȥ룬Ͼɱ֮ʱʳǡ棬αЩɱ׷ɱģ
̡֮

ҶԶԸ˵Ҳûôˣת˻⣬ʵԶʦ֣һҪȥ𣿡
Զ뵽ԼǰһƳǵӰһĨƵϣȴٽҿǰá

գԶ͵ʢ޹أ΢С

Ҷԣӹһ˿ʧ֮⡣
ΪܹԶһȥأصصȵգȴû뵽Զȥʢᡣ

ԶַüˣûлعˣȥĻӵܣⲻһõķ
Ҷһ󣬳Ҿˡ
ֻҪĽѩⲻڽڣһж˵



Ǵܵʯű֮ĺҡĻɵһ

Щֻ˵ĽҵСŮڵĽҸ֮ʱӳˣȴ֪ԭʱ֮һģĽҴС㡣

Ľѩ
ĬȻĥ֡
縵һ˵ĽҴС㵱ҲȴѾչֽ츳ˡ
ĽҲûϽѣ洫֮УضλĽҴСһϯ֮λ

ĳĽҴСΪĽѩ
ĽҼŮԭǽں͵ϸĹ֮¼еġ
Ķĺҡܹ׼ȷ˵˵ĽҴСֲûиеκ֮

Ҳ˵ĽӳȥģֹڽڵĽǸСŮĽҴС
̲ס²ܹҵĽҴС㣬ڵ鵱Ľұ֮£᲻ʲô

ĺҡջ̧֣ʯųڴڵ߰ɣǳȥ

ʯ֮󣬴ҴĻŷĽܵͨĳ֮⡣
˻Ȼ˵Ҳѹۣܵ˴ʱ߳ġ

ܵʯűһԵ˸ߵӲ˺ۼ
˳Ӳ߳˳ԭΪĽ֮ܵлʲôû뵽ֱ߳ܵҲûʲô
ΨһǵĽģӣֻ֪ĽҼǸСŮ

пܻʢϣλҼ֤˹ͬġ

Ľѩʧٶ꣬Ҫȥأ
ҪѰĽѩֱȥʴʱڽڵǸĽСŮء

˼֮ʱԶĲݴ֮дЩϸ춯


һȳһӡ
նһƬ˸ߵĲݴնȥΪγ

һеĽ˳ѹ˶ڲݴ֮е˲֮ϡ

ɱңɱң
˿Ҷæ

߹֮˺һ˵ĺҡǰ͵ͳʵС㣬ҵˣ
ԣΪ֮һȴûŪǰһĻķչ

ĺҡ˿еġС㡱֮£üͷ΢һãҽĺҡ⣬еĶС㡣

˵ǰ鱯˵ţȻĺҡ͵͵Ȼһ١
̧ͷһϮµĺҡ⣬Ϊĺҡòһ

˺ȻҲʶʲôѯʵ˭ôһ˵ĺǰ޺˵ҶС㣿

ԭҪҵˣǲĽҶС㣿
ô֪ܵڵģ
Ľʲôϵ
һһģԾ˵ڵϵ˸ˡ

ֵʱԶٴδЩĽ̸

磬ҵͽ㡭ǴӲԶӳģҺͽʧɢˡ
ĽѩԶ˹

Ľѩ⡢ѩ˹
ĽѩӦңҪһʢ֮ϣңṩĽҸҹϸڣҴĴҵλϵȥ
ˣԼ֮е˵ܵĳڴ

Ľѩû뵽ܵڸʱȴܹ֮ˣһʱЩ㶡
֮ʱһӰ˹˵ǰ

С㣬ҵˡ
ĽѩʶȴⷬʱȻͣ˽Ų

С㣿
ĽҶС㣡
ڳˡ

вԼͬ뷨˳ʵλѣɾĽѩã






121.  һٶʮһ   ĺҡ⡭㡭


Ľѩ

ĽѩһС㡱֮ʱ, ɫ΢԰ס
̧ȥһ۾ͿվȺǰźµĺҡ⡣
Ȼ֮䣬·صǰĽ֮С

ʱҲϲ¡
޺, ô֮ʺϴµˡ

Ľѩʶǰһ, ȴǰ˵ǰ˸סȥ·
˵ڵϵǸæС㣬㻹ǵ𣿡

Ľѩʶָ߬, ȥɵҲǵ, ǵ˭, ǣ
Ľѩϸ˵, ȴʼû˾˭
ǵԼʶǰˡ

ѩʾ״, ߹˵ڵϵ˸, ԼߣЦſڵλѣʲô, ˵Ľʦá

Ľѩ⻺ת, ѩ, ݼЩɲ
, Сʱ, ָ߬ѩһ, ԴõƬ̵򶨡

ʱ, ٶȳѯʵĽ, һӳĽҵģǲǻλĽҴСĽѩ

Ľѩԣ˵, ǣҽһ˳
Ǻأ˼ʵȥôһ˱ȣ˽أ

ҡĽѩŴҽӳЩħ׷ҽһѣҴһ֮뿪ˡ
Ľѩ⻹ǵõ֮£֮ġԹԵĶǧҪ

֪Ǹ֮һжá
ֱƣϮŸҶ֣Ȼ˳
ֻǣҲûҵ㡣

Ľѩᴹзˮ⽫۽ʪ
͵ͳҽΪħʧɢˡ

֪䣬ѩָ΢߬ۼ֣š

Щҹûʲô˿ڵǴҶû׼˭أ

Ľѩѩǣס֣΢˲ԭЩҵľ
Ⱥ֮еĺҡ⣬Ŀƿҽʧɢ֮ʱϵһ׹Ҽʰа壬Ӧҽϡ

Դһڽбĺҡ˵֮Ľѩ㽫ԭѩİ˻
˵˴ʱĽѩӴռ֮ȡǰ塣

ع£Ľѩеİ巺ÿ񻪡
ѩվĽѩ࣬ƽעĽѩеǿ壬ݼ䲢δκֻǰ㡣

Ľѩѩ
ѩ󻺻ſĽѩ֣ȥɡ

ĽѩӦ˾䡰á߹ȥȴĺҡ⣬ǰ˹ȥ֣ؿڵҽ㵱µİ壬һѩ֡

ĺҡɫƽȥĽѩ⽫ǰ֣·֮С
£ָ⣬סԼǰƬ̡

ʦ֣Ҫ𣿡
ĺҡָᷭ䣬ݸԵĸһ

ĽѩվĺҡǰƼĺҡ⽫ǰ岻صݸ˸һ
һ˫֮ԭΪĺҡĶ
ԭΪĺҡ⻹ǵõսڽ˵֮ԣĺҡĻ˻
ǣ㲢ûпҲûΪǰͼʲô顣

ĽѩԭᶨΪĺҡ뷨ٴοʼҡڲ
ĺҡ⡭
Ϊʲôǰ֮ʱ֮ɫûأ
ƽþһİ˰㡣

һӹĺҡݹ壬ҲֻǼ򵥿һۣ˳ƵݸԵģȻδȥ

Ľѩ΢Ŀ׷ѰǰĴݣֻصԼС
ϵ壬Ը֪ҡ

˳ʵϿеģӦһ𣿡
ĽѩĽѩȻСѩ֣Ͽеǡ֡

ĽѩͷȡԼǿ֮ʱȻͣס
ˣ뿪Ľ֮ʱ罻塣
ģӦǿСѩ󡱵塣

˼ˣĽѩٶתȥѩ
ѩע⵽ĽѩĿ⣬߹ǿӴռ֮ȡݸĽѩ⡣

һ塣
Ľѩӹ󣬽ϡѩ⡱չָҿҵϿŵǡѩ⡯֣ҽϿСѩ֡

ĺҡ⿴ĽѩǿǴѩռ֮ó֮ʱȴδκεľ֮⡣
Ľңۿ˽ġ
ǵԼʱѩһ仰ţʲô

ĺҡϸһ£ŴԼļ֮лǾ仰
ףѩһ·˳磬һжҪ뿪Щ
ϾôãʲôãͷҪڻɵأ

ֻǿϧˡ
ĺҡԼѩ⼸̲ס
ѾѩΪˡ
治裬ˡ
׵һӡ

ȴǣĽѩ壬ȴǴѩĴռ֮иóġ
ʲô

һʱ䣬ӹڶ²⣬ȫһп
ҲѹˡĽѩⱻҾ£ԭ⡣

ʱ˿̣סǸ˲лῪڣС㣬ҵĽҵһ˰ǶʱΪҼĸ˲һؼչĸס
ٻص֮ʱͷĽѾûˡ

̲סЦ˵˵Ҳ̫Ц˰ɣĪǳһʢĻᣬصˮģ

ĽѩдЩ֮ɫ
һ˲סæתѩ󣬵͵ͳҼǵðүʮһԶ𣿡

Ľѩ⻰һ
˾Ȼ֪Ľ

ѩĽ֮£Ľ֮⣬ֻҼһ֪¡
ѵǰǵĽ֮ˣ

Ҷ֪ѩʵҼ˽ӣȴ֪ѩڱҼӻ֮ǰȻĽġ
֪ӺδðĽ˾ȻܱôһϢ

ԭĽѩ˶վߣΪһʢϣΪĴҵλע޷ˣû뾹ȻʱôáϢ
˯ˣͷ

ǵģϴˡ
Ľѩǿæϵ
ɵҺˣҵȷĽҼ㼸ΣС

Ľ͡
ĽͳӦС㣬ҽĽ͡

Ľѩⲻ֮£ֻܵ˵棬Ľ˳
ͷԣҼˣĽ͡

ڳʿ֪СĽ͡һĽˣܹƵĽѩݣ֤һ֪Ľҵ걻Ĳ顣
СĽ͡ĳɹ˾ӵܵע⡣

ĽͼĽѩⲻòԼݣС㣬֪ЩһֱҴС㣬һһ𣬰ѴСһġ

ȻĽҵˣǸһȥפأҺҲ˽һЩ
ĺҡƽ˵

ʱҲֻнڡɳҼ֤ܹ˵ˡ

ĺҡСĽ͡ˡ
Ϊ˽ĽңĽµ˶ȫ˵ģɴûĽ֣͡ҲûмСĽ͡ˡ
ʢῪʼˣʲôħֶҪո






122.  һٶʮ   һμʱ򡭡


, פء
˴ԺߵͲȣ˷ԶԶȥ, 

һ˴ʱ, פ֮кֵܿ߳صӡ
ڳ˵Уĺҡ͸һһǾȥĽҾַ֮, ˽ںüǰѾ˶ǡ

ֵصӼ״ĺҡ븵һǰ
һΪĴ֮һĸ, û˲ʶ

ѡ
ֵصһ, ſĺҡ, ϸһ, żĺѣˡ

ڱڶ, ڵѾ˶ǡ
ΨнɳҼ֤ˣפפصֵصӵ˺üգֱղŵԼĺҡĿ

ĺҡ, Һ͸ʦȥһĽҾַλѳǵĽҴ֮, Һѱ, ˽һЩ

Ľ, Ľѩ, С, ҸλҼ֤ȥ˵˵֪º, ҸôҶС͡
λأ

Ľѩһ˲
֪ǰĽͿǴ, ĽвƵò˵ݸ

Ľѩת⣬ؿѩ
ѩû¡

Ľѩ, ѩתĽͣڵҵѶҪǣͨѶѶҡ

Ľת⣬ȻĽѩϡ
ãǾͶлˡ

ĽͽӹǵѶ󣬲Ÿֵصˡ

Ľѩĺҡ⣬ԭ׷ȥġ
һȺ˽Χȥѩ強档

ĽѩЩ㱣ǰӹһӰҪײ֮ʱһ˫˫磬뻳С


ѩͷ͵ʹ

ĽѩܿʶԲ磬ˡ
ѩ˷ȣĿƶϣȺеһϮ֮ϣĽѩ˫ϵָ΢߬кҪǸģ֮䣬ҲصǸ

ĽѩԣЩ˶Χȥתѩ󣬵磬Ľ͵ģ֪㵱ڡ
Ļû˵ꡣ

ѩǻȥ˵



ʱҹɫ٣һνҪμʢӵܽѾˡ
פغǸĽ͵ļһѯ֮ʱĺҡڽ֮ǰҶĹŴ

֮дģǵĽҵһЩԼĽұ󣬽ں͵ȥĽ

ĺҡ⻹ǵǸħô
ѵǸħͲỻһ

ƾһħ϶޷ĽҸġ
ħﻹа֡

ĺҡһʱ뵽ģħħ¥硣
¥統ɱʮţٶһĽңҲûʲô⡭

»ԺУɴɢһء
ĺҡ֮վڴߣעԺе¹⡣

ðκĺҡ⽫ϣתǰԼ洫ȡ˳ֳһʶû֮УȥǴؿռ䡣

⻷һ䡣
ĺҡ̧ȥ۴ѩס

żŷѩ¡
ĺҡ⻹û߳ȥһ֮б㴫Ĳ
ݷī£»ģ۽Ḳ֮µһ˫УʢǰĹ⻪

ĺҡ䴽ЦСʦ档
ݷ̧עĺҡһϮ£ڵմѺܺÿ
ںܾúܾǰҲһϮ¡

ĺҡԣᴹ⣬Լϵĺ£Ͷഩɫѡ

ʵǰĽҵʱϲú¡
ѹ޿κεľ֮£ͼѾһԸѡ

վ׹ħ硣ħЩ꣬ħħ֪ҡħϲ¡

һϴȥħصɽʱϵͳȴҪɽд¡
˺֮·ܴ
ϵͳصָڽڵʱ򣬸ܴ¡

һڽڵǶʮ䣬δһκ¡
ϵͳҪڽڴµԭ޷ǾǾĽѩеĽ£ʧ䡱֮Ϊĺҡ뽣֮󣬲ָܳĽѩһģһϲöѡ

һڶʮ䣬ÿĺ£Сһˡ
С˴ʲô޾
ȼһ֮

ԣƶؾ֮У߾ȫŲԸ޵С˱ħ

ϵͳѹ֮ȻûʲôǿƳͷҪɽʱô¡

ĺҡݷۿϲãȴЦŵСʦ棬ҽմѺÿѵҴǰЩɫ·Ͳÿˣ

ݷԣ΢Ŵû㲻Ҫ㴩ʲôÿġ
ֻǣҵһۼ㣬һϮ£ÿ

ĺҡݷ˵һμʱ򣬻ǰ
֪ݷ˵ĵһμ澿һΣڽڽϵһ洫ƽ˴ؿռʱһأǴ˺ѩԭݷ۵ʱǵһμ棿

ΣǴµ
ĺҡû̫ע⣬ǵİɡ

ݷۼĺҡþδü΢ʹѻ۽΢һ㲻Ҫ
ĺҡԣЦСʦ棬ңҿĻأôأ

ѣÿ
£ÿ
͡Ǻÿ

ᡢ˳ίСʦ棬ôȥء

ݷĺҡĻ̧۽ޣʢǰ⻪һ˫ǰ˵Ӱ
ίִֹĳһǾˡ

ĺҡʵʲôˣ

ÿμ㣬ҲҪ㡣
ݷÿÿˣֻϲһ
ħƫִģֻϲһˣֻһᣬֻһ˺á

ħҵ˶ġ
ұҪҪϲ㡣
ݷۿ˵š

ĺҡ⿴ǰݷۣˣȴ˵ҶκεĻ
ᣬ£Ҳ⡣

ðΣĺҡӦѾ֪
ǰȥȥᱧסݷۣҲϲϲ㰡Сʦ档

֮ǰʱ򣬲Ϊڻ䣬ҵһμСʦʱ򴩵ʲôѣСʦʱִʲôѡ
֮ĺҡݷ۽Լղʧԭ

ǰ¡
ݷ۴

һμʱ򣬴ǰ¡
ī£䳤
һƬһ
Ȼͼ㡣
һϮ£һ޶ˡ

ݷ۳һֱǵá



Ժ»ˮޱȡ

ʶ֮еһʶɰĺҡ
ҹɫ֮ʱĴЩ춯ϸ΢ȴԾɱĺҡ
վָԼغӳ⡣

ããҹɫ֮УһϢǣĺҡ⡣
ޡ

ÿĺҡǵϢͿҪ˵ʱ򣬾ԼͿҪ֮ʱǵϢͻٶȳ֣Ȼٴע

Ϣǹġ
ĺҡʶһʱȻͣΣվڳ־ͷǰ׷ȥ

Ȼڽҹ֮ᷢ£ϲһԼеĸо
ڱȥ̽Ѱƫƫȥ̽Ѱ

ĺҡվڳ־ͷΪԼͣ˽ŲǵϢҲʼˡ
ʱǵϢԽԽǿңĺҡȻȻĽ⽣ǵϢڷնȥ


տ⽫Ǵ
ԭΨһƴСʯͷ

ĺҡ⽣˹ȥ
ǿʯͷ֮󣬲ʰС

ʯͷƽƽ棬ûʲôرġ
ΪղһԭʯͷϵϢѾʧ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡ⽫ʯͷ
ҹ֮ʱ׷ϢפأٵʱԶߴѾ𱡹⣬ƼȾǺÿ

ɫ
ĺҡվԭ
֮ȫʶ׻عʶ

ֵʱĺҡԶԶľһں֡

ĺҡ⣡
ҶһϮȹű⣬ճµΡ
Զĺҡǰվųô磬ôϹˣ

ĺҡԣڵ㲻Ҳ𣿡
Ҷ˭˵ˣŴӽڳҹ·һ磬ڽ˶ǵġ
Ҳŵûء

ĺҡԣʵҪȥפ𣿡
ȥ

ĺҡҶȥפء
·ϣŽ͵ҹ׷һϢȴһܹҵԭ򡣡

˵գĺҡ̯֣ǿƽƽʯͷݸҶ
Ҷӹۣ㻹ʯͷͦͨģûʲôر

ûʲôر𣬵õȵ֪֮ˡĺҡƽղʢĿʼѡ

˵פأҶͬĺҡ˵ֵ֮صӵĴ£ȥ˵ǼǣȥҶפء
ĺҡ״ܿԼסԺпʼÿձе

ʢٿһգڴˡ
˴зפϣһǺһҵ
ߣһԲϾͿ
ɸҰ磬פ֮

ĺҡ⵽ʱѾкܴһӵܵ˴˴໥š
ȻȫǱ֮ϵļѡ
Цһʢٿζѡ½ңұ˴֮䶼Ǿߡ

½ζʲô
ζܹ̼ĸҶ¡Ĵұȼ粢ᡣ

½ԶľǶľͽ½ҵפأͬڶĵĵڣͬΪ

˶Դˣ˭

֮£ڳʿѾϳĺҡ⡣
˿̣ĺҡ⵽˶ǰ

ڰ֮ǰ˭ĺҡΪҼ֤أ
񲻹ǹ˰ѣĺҡЩӵеĵλȴվ

˭ڰ֮ڣԪӤ磬Խս߳
˲ܣĺҡܡ
ĺҡⲻܣһˡ

һ˭
һǽһ洫еһܵ񻰡
ɸһȴĺҡ⣬ֻλн洫ϵڶһλøĺҡ⡣

һˣǻʲôɲأ
ڼĺҡһ̣ӹ뷨նһ仰
ҽǶĺҡ⹰ĺѣҵ˵ĺѵţҪύһ

ˣʢٿĺΪɳҼ֤ˣȴǸЩҪύĺѵһᰡ

ĺҡԣǹֻ
ҶĺҡĺԶԶҪڵڵġ
ȻҶûмĵʵģ˿ΪĺҡͷʢĺҡǺһЩ

֮ϣֵصӽӵܵλ׵š
˴гģһҪԶԶġϵõģٽһЩ

ĺҡλҼ֤ˣǺĴһ
ֵص˽⵽֮ǰ¼ĺҡ֮йЩص¼ھĺҡԶĶ

ĺҡֵصӵָϯǰʱƼϯĲãһü
һģĺҶ

ֵصӻҶΰѩ֮¼λйԼض¼˺һ
ǣ˼ȥҶڵǸһ븵һ
룺һ͸һѩµʦʦܣӦòκηŶԡ
¼ˣӦҲûʲô⡣
ȻĽĽѩλðѩߡ

ĽĽѩ⣬һʢҪ
ֵص˽˵вӵͼӴĽѩ⣬ȫ֮˸档

ֵصһĺѣλˡ
ĺҡԣл

һҶʱԼλþĺҡߣûа¼Һңɵá
΢̧򢣬ֵصӣڵúܺã֪Ҹ¼ҺЩ˲Ը

ֵصӦȴ̧Ӳ˲ڵ亹
֪Ϊ˰һҵλʾ֪֭˶
ۡ

Ҷĺҡ⣬˳صϣҲǼ˿ƽƽʯͷ𣿡
ĺҡӦòһƽƽʯͷ

Ҷˣ˻ûʱһԣӴռ֮̽һʯͷݸĺҡ⡣

Ҳһʯͷǿʯͷİɡ

ĺҡⴹȥӦǸһʯͷʯͷôģ
ҶҽҷʱԼġʱԭʶٵģƼʯͷǿʯͷ࣬

£֮⣬ڳӵУж˵õƵʯͷ

ʯͷƽƽ棬ǵ;̫ɺϣû˻ע⵽

ҽֵص֪һ¡
ĺҡƬ̣ҹפ֮Уֹһ˱ȥˡ

˵䣬һϮɫ۵ĳֵ֣صӵָ֮£һ
ɴһߣͬģһεֻסĴ
¶ļѩһס
Ϣ覡

ڴʺеʡ
ĺҡⲻɵ뵽塣
䴫ͬʺеʣһ㣬ΪϣջõɣϽ硣

Ľѩ壬ڡ·ԭ֮УΪʼ޷Ѿ񣬾޵ڡ

ļĺҡҶĺѣҶѡ
ĺҡ

֮ĺҡ⽫ԼõǿʯͷҶеʯͷϣʵҹзκ

Ĵעʯͷ
֮ҹҲõһʯͷ
˵գȥռеǿʯͷȡ˳ͬʯͷһ

ĺѣʯͷжٿ飿ĵ
ĺҡƼʯͷƽʲ֪𣿡

Ǹһ븵һ֮ʱ¼ˣжһ·Щֵʯͷ

ĺҡвԶֵصȥѯӵǷʯͷѯʺ󣬷ڶӵ֮Уһжʮ˵õʯͷ

ʱѩŴĽѩ١
ֵصӵָ֮£Ƕĺҡһ

ĽѩһϮ۰ȹӨӨѩ׵ļüˡ
߽֮ʱһϮµĺҡ⣬Ծɻһ˲ȴǺܿͻָ˹

ĳѩĽѩ⹰֣ѯʵ֪λѿ״һʯͷ

ȻѩĽѩҲõһʯͷ
һϼƣڳ֮Уһʮһʯͷˡ

µģûʯͷڣ
أ飿
Ӧ˭вŶԣ

ĺҡⴹ˼š
ʣ»飬飬ʮʮģֶ̫ɺˡ

ɺϵþǡƶؾ

¥塢硣
ĺҡһһֵĬ֡






123.  һٶʮ   ԶʲôǸ


¥硣
¥統ɱʮ, ʢٿĵطҲǶġ
ĺҡԴˣȴ˿ûие⡣

ֻ, ʣʯͷ, ˭У
ֻߣһ¥ɽ, ˭

ϣ˶ʮһͻȻֵʯͷǺ, һ֮, Ҳûв²Щʯͷô, ֻա
, ֵصӽҪʳư̶

ڳμӵܣΪ˾Ҷġ
ϯһ, עģȻϵ֮ңʿ, ҲʲôƷ
Ҳѣ໥̽

¼ĺҡ, Լ֮ǰ, ˾Ʊ, վ, ңңһֵĺ, ǰ¼ҼһЩִ, ڶЩ˴֮¡
Ծǰ, ȸΪ

ĺҡ⻹û˵ԵҶȳ¼ҳ᰺˪¼ûбǸ
֮, ¼κ˵Ľͣ˵棬ҪһĺҡȫȻ޹صͷϡʱô¼Ǹ

¼ˣΪ񣬲¼Ҽһĵϵǰ᰺˪ڣϲ̨ġ
Ϊ츳

꣬ͬΪһӣȴھ洫֮ʱʧܶ飬תڡ
ʮ󣬵˪Ϊ洫֮ʱٴξ洫ʧܡ
˺ͳڶ֮еһЦ

˪Ĺ⻪֮£һ޳ɡ
Ҷû뵽¼ҾȻûˣҲܵ¼ˡ
ҪûҪƷҲûƷС

Դħ¼֮¼ҵǳ˲ɣ
¼ҺԴһʼѾ·ˡ
軹һƾȢ˵֮ŮԴס¼ҵҵλ

ԭһۼ˪ȺΪ洫ӣ᰻ǽ洫ϵڶĵӡ
κƶؾ֮У¼˶ˡ

ҶĻɫ΢һ䣬
һһ͡

ҶüҪǸ˵ǸǸ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫

Ҫʹ򣡡
ҶһӣҶжʮ꣬ΪҲŻڶѡһͲˣҴ򲻹𣿡

Ҷ˵գֱһܡ
һ¼һ鷳Խķ

Ҷû뵽һʢģȻ¼ҺҶҡ
Ҫ֪᰻¼֮ʱ᰺ҶйԼģ⣬¼ҶԭǻΪҵġ

ڲԶֵصӼ״æ߹ĺҡġ
ĺҡתעҶıӰǴɡ

ĺҡ֪ҶԴӳ֮˵¼ҽŲ֮󣬾һֱһ֮ʼûзй

Ҷ¼µȻǿȥ
ҶͬĴһܣҶǻë

ֵصԣæͷӦ
ĺҡǰľƱһڡ
֮ƿһĨһ㡣

ĺҡŷԭⱭһơ
˼Ƭֵ̣صйһ֮¡

ĺ֪һƵ
ֵصĺҡĻЩȻ
ϯһƵĳ֪ĺҡ⣬ٴ¡

ĺҡֵص˵ĵַѰȥһǼҾ̡

Ҷ˿˸ͷ֮б˴гԹǳһλ
ԭһĲɵᣬױһʢᡣ

֮ǣ㡣
ĴҸһ֮⣬ұضзǣԴȡ

ʱҶŽ߻
ԭͬһܵȴ֪١

֮ʱҶˣȻͲ˼¡
Ҷ֮ϣĿһתƼѩߵĽѩ⡣

ҶĽѩ⣿ҪҪҲһԣ
⧲ᵽֵĽѩԣ̧ҶɳҶʦӦ޳ҲԹ֪ҶʦΪҪ

ôϻҶڵͬʦʦҪѺýһ𣿾һ仰ͬͬ⣿

Ľѩ΢ƣҶԵĺҡ⡣
Ҷ㿴Աߵĺҡʲô
Ҵ򲻹ĺҡ⣬ҲҴ򲻹ɣ

ҶվĽѩҲһʱһѶѩС
ѩѶ֮󣬵ĽѩĽ˵ˡ

Ľѩԣվǰȷǽ𣿡
Ҳȷѩ
Ͼۼǰ壬ֻĽʹѶϢ

Ľѩָ߬⣬ʵ磬Ľںδ
ĽҾַ

ĽѩõĽ֮ת˳ȥ
ѩδ˵Щʲô״æ׷˹ȥ

գ۵˲䣬ĽҵĽҴС֮±Ѿ
˲ɵմ֮£һӵȥǳĽҾַȥ

ҶջĿ⣬ɵղĽѩ˵ǰ壬λĽҴС֮
Ҷһգ֪顣

ûա
Ľͳ֣Ľ;˵ӵǰ֮ˡ
δ̫ɺϡ

ҶĺҡĽͣǿڵҲ̫ɺ˰ɡ
Ľ͵ΪĽѩѲϷŹκһܹҵ

ҵλĽҴС㣬ܹ֪Ľҵ걻Ļ𣿡ҶѲλĽҴС㻹ЩȫȻ֪ټ֮£ܵĽұࣿ

˵԰ɣĺҡ⣿Ҷʵ
ĺҡеľƱֻǡͶҽѡ

ҵֲܴžҵࡣ
ڿԿ϶ǣĽұ֮һᱻ¥á
Ǵǰƶؾ֮¡

¥һʢ֮ϸҼ½ҵѾʼˡ

׹ħ磬ǰ屻¥ˣ¥ܹ彫˿̾ۼڴ˵ĸһ򾡡

ĺҡһǰˣѾ뿪ԼѩĽѩ֮⣬ûȥĽҾַ

һգۼȥĽҾַȴ˸ա
ΪĽ˵ǰһգȴʲôջҲûС
ڵ½ҵջ֮£ӵڵڶٶ֮һѰǰߵȳ

һ£ǰǳ˽һ㣬ʱ֣ʱҲͽ˰¡
ʱһº˿ʼӦ׷ǰȥ׷̶עĽص֮ϡ

Ƕ棬һҾ֮Уζ翪С

λѣҪѧһƣ͵
֮УĺҡվһԣŲԶʦһƵľ̡

һѾҾ̺üˣڴλʦһơ
λʦ˹֮ĺҡʵʲ

ʦĺҡһһĲɵóʵλǽޣΪҪִѧһƣ
ĺҡԣգۣ͵Ϊһŵ
ŵڻرѩԭ֮ʱҪһƴȥ͸ݷۡ

̨Ϲʱݷ۸ңңʱ䳤ӵҲҪһһ͵
񣬲һ̳һƶѡ

ʢᣬҾۼ֮У˽ŵҲֻеѲˡ

׷ǰ׷һ£ղҲʲôûҵ𣿡ĺҡ͵ͳ
ľ֣ܻġ

һգʢῪʼѾһ°ˣۣȴĽұ֮ʼ޷
Ľѩֱ֮˱úúãǸ޷

ĺҡӾг֮ʱЩۡ
̧ۣ۽ƳһӰĿת˹ȥĵǲڵˣ
ʯͷԭӦԶһİ

ԶһϮѩۣһĳ̲ء
̧Ƽĺҡ⣬һĺʦá

Բ
ԶҵʲôǸɱģ׷ɱʮ֮ã
ڽڼʱԡ

գԶһʢᡣ






124.  һٶʮ   ѩĽѩ֮ġ


ԶʢῪʼ֮ǰ, Ԫ㳡һӰʱЩĻɡ
ڵʱƭ, ƭ˵Ѿ, ġ
ֻߡǸɳȥɱֲûɱ壬˳ȥ

, Զڽפһ࣬ҵ塣
֮ʱ, Զڽϴر
µֵص˵, 嵱סʯ, ʯϵķӦ΢, ޡ

廹ûг֮ʱ޲ڴĳ
ʱ, ѡǵصռĵرϴ跥ǡ
͸޵ˡ

δ֮ǰ, ʳ, , ӵоԵ츳
δڡ

աһжˡ

ҵһ, ԶվڲԶ, 
ʱ˽, ˽, ת֮ʱ, Ƽ

Բ

бһľ
ðκ, ŵ͵ͳԶҵʲôǸɱģ׷ɱʮ֮ã

˵Ǿ仰ƿŲԽ࣬Զȥ

ص΢·΢ʱҶס
߽Уִʦ

Ҽһʲô·Ҷʵ

ʦ֮У˽ԳΪӽһȥ

տ˴֮ϣһأѾĽᡣĽ᲻⣬ע޷ߵ̫ԶĽΪ;޷Խǵ

˳Ϊӽ
䡣




ʦ֡
ĺҡ󣬿Զʦֺһ¡
ԶԣҲ̫١

ʢῪʼһ£ҶڵĽұ֮£ûκͷ
һ£ԣҲûκӰ졣
ⲻڴ˶ѡ

ĺҡԣҲٶԡ

ҶפؿԶ֮ʱǾȣǸˡ
һӵܳ˵Ľұ֮ʱ⣬ҪǱƴҵ̡

֮ǰ򱦸ΪλȨ֮±½ʧܡ
ֵʢٿҵ񣬶ڵ½֮λڱصá

ԶȻҺҼַˣҼջû¼Ҽô飬Զϳҡ
ԶʼաҲ

Щ˴ѶȰ˵ԶعңԶһ㡣
ԶȻ֪ζڶ֮Уĳ֣¶ѣһͽĿʼ

ǰһҳá
Զһ֮ʱұ׳һϢ
ĽҴСĽѩʧɢ֮׹ɽħıԵشԴ˳޼

򱦸鲼ɽУ򱦸ڵĵطҵפ
ռϢҲһ

ϢһǶҾֶ˼ıϡ

ĺҡֵصӻ㱨Ϣ֮ʱ䲢δκα仯ֻƽһֵ˺ܾá

һʢٿǰԵĽҸ֮ʱѾʼЩˡ
ʢῪʼһҳŲƾĵҴܣûͷһ׷ǰʱʱ޵ת
ֱʱҲŽϢ˳

ĳ˵ڵĽұһ֮ϣһֵȷռȻ

ں͵ɳҼ֤˵ڣ֤ʢ̡
ڼ䣬һҵĽұһ֤ʵ֮󣬶Ϊվҵ̡

ĺҡĸжһԼ¼ӣר¼Щġ
ֵصӽǰָ֪˵˷ĽҴС׹ħĻشĵص㡣

ĺҡ⾲ֵصָǸص㣬˳˼֮С

ڶ֮Уṩ˵صϢע޷ġ
ûһգеĸӵ֪ܶ¡
Ȼ֪صںδǿøҼ鰡

ɽ綫ħڵĻشﲻ
գյĵ֮˾ķΧ

ɽݼţݲ
˴вŰħݺᣬһԽľء

˵֪λĽҴС㵱׹ɽ֮ʱһʱ䲻һ˿֮ɫ
ôȥˣһΪŮ׹ɽأĻ
ĽѩĻţôɽôûκϢأ

˵λĽҴС᲻Ѿû˰
פ֮У˳ɵ
û׼ǰΪĽѩˣ֮˼֮ˣˣתġ

ں˵Щʲô
Ľѩ⾭֮ʱЩ˵ֻƬҽôܻ᲻ˣһţһźúõģ

һޱȵϣһһεȥ׷Ѱٵһһεʧ
ôܹأ

ǽ㵱׹ɽ֮УһҪȥɽҵġ
ĽѩҧŴ㣬ȥЩ˵ķӦת뿪
ҵѩ˵Լȥɽ뷨ȴ⵽ѩľܾ

ѩüͷҶ֪ʡȥ˻ɽﻹʲôԱ֮

ĽѩʣȻаħ֮ʱܹһǰԤãɽӶҵ֮£˵ΪĲӦһ㡣

ĽѩᴹӨӨˮ⣬ɵҼȻҽǸϢǿ϶Ǿųɿ϶ġ

ѩȥĽѩ˫磬ģһһģһҵѩ
һǡ

ȵҵ֮һȥɽ

ĽѩѩⷬɵóʵҲܸһȥ𣿡
ѩʲȥħ̫ĵط

˵գѩУָᴥĽѩī˿ϣҪң֪𣿡
޳׵ָ⴩Ľѩī֮䣬ḧϸ۵Ĳ

䣬ֻܹ໥εġ
ҲֻܹһˣܡҲ׼ȥűˡ
ֻһˣݲñռ

Ľѩָ߬⣬̲סȥ룺û壬ǲǾȥɽҽˣ
ûν壬ǵĽҲ˶ħҲͲḲˡ
Ĵ

ã磬Ҷġ
ð֮Ľѩŵ

ĽѩӦ
֮ѩŷſȥԴңʲôϢһġ

á
ĽѩͷĿѩ뿪

գĽѩ֮ʱĽ͡



ĺҡӵֵصӴϢʱĽѾĽѩ⣬ҽ˴ˡ
ɵĽ˵ܹĽѩȥɽ

ֵصӵͷӦǵġ
ĺѣԸҪʱעĽ͵һֱ˶Ľ͡

һ磬ĽС⡱Ľѩ⣬ͬĽѩ⽻̸󣬳ǡ

ѩأĺҡʵ
Ѻ֮СֵصӴ

ĺҡԣһΪѩĽѩ⿴жء
˵Ȥǣս֮ʱŵ֪꿼˴֮ĽѩɽȻѩԼ͵͵ɽġ

Ľѩɽ֮󣬻᰺Զ
ǽһУĽѩⶼǺᰡԶһġ
ѩƿôǿˣĽѩһ׽㶼ݲµģôܻĽѩ˴һôã

ĽѩһβѩԸĽ뿪
ĽѩйһΣѩ϶Ľѩһ˽жġ
ѩȻҷĽѩһ˴֮УһĽѩʲôֽš

Ľѩһˣֲѩƿصĳ
ѩĽѩ֮ìܣҪˡ

ֵصӿĺҡ⣬ɵĺʲô㣿

֮˵ĺҡҼ֤˲ûκϵ
ֵصͨӴĺҡģ˶ͦģ

ֵص˺һ뵽ôһʡ

ǵڵӣһŵĴ⣬һͲ˵ˣɸʾãȫȻûнܡ

ĺҡ⡭
ֵص˼ԼӴĺҡĺҡһ͵ˡ
һҲǰǿָֺ߰ദ

ƽʲôеѣĺҡƼˣָһ
Щ߸ϵӵ˵ĺҡֱ̫ˡ

ĺҡֵصӵ⣬˼Ƭ̣ųĽʹĽѩȥ˻ɽɽҲкܶӵȥͬİŰɡ
˵գĺҡҵģѯİš

գ󣬾Ҳȥɽ̽̽

뿪֮ʱĺҡڳŴɫ۵꣬üͷһ
걧Ž߹ʱſʵʦܣô

һӦøһһ
ôʱ򣬸һվǳŴһ

һеĻ̌ĺҡ⡣
ԴӵĺҡǸΪħ֮ܵ˴űչء
񣬸һҲѾǽ𵤺ڵΪȴɿĺҡΪ

ڿ˴֮ϣĺҡΪһء
أ

һŽ˺һӣڵôеôģ
׷ˡ

Ŀ꣬ڰ뽣֮ǰһ͵ڶǸһ͸
뽣ֶ֮һĿ꣬ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡĿУŵ

ĺҡԣŸһԾüۣĵСܲܵˣ

ʦܣֻҪ㹻Ŭһ׷ġǵ˵Ŀ𣿡
ĺҡǵøһ֮ǰܺԣҪŲȸһȭġ

һʵֵġ
˵գĺҡȥĸһļ磬

һĺҡĻ΢һ˲ܾﲻԾ
ðκ򴽵͸һһͰ˵Ļ

ĺҡʵ⻰ôˣΪһʦ㣬ĹʦӦõİɡ
һȭͷ͵ͳͬһ洫ӣҲûҴ϶١

¶дϡ

ĺҡûôһ
֪䣬ǸֻƽѾˣñࡣ

ĺҡһСֹǷЦһĹ䶼СһЩ㻹˵ҾͱһЩ

һĵҸ糤ʮ꣬Ҳûߡ
С˵ңѾñˡ

ĺҡԣڵ㲻˻𣿡

һʼʱ̫磬ԪӤ֮ʱòѾ̶ʱڡ

Ѿʿˣ뷵龳磬ܸΣһӻ᳤úܸߵġ
ûһ

˭˵û
һʱһ֮ʱһѾǷΪ
ʱģܸ֮ĸһ
ҲһһʼûϳһԵɡ

ֻһִ꣬򲻹ңҲֻܽʦ㡣
ĺҡƼһĲƽ
ңСüء

һ̧עǰˣðβ૵ģĿܻʵֵġ

ͬʱĬĴĿꡣ
һҪǸͳȥ

ʦܣǲϲҰ
ǵ긵һһֻΪԻųĶѡ

ɸһصڣ˺ܾúܾã֣˼֮ˡ

ΪʲôһҾأ
Ϊϲ

һҪĴĿ꣬Ųȸһȭ׷ĺҡ⡭
Լ׽һһֻȥ

ĺҡۼŸһ״ɰѸٷɳĨ죬羪ʡ

һ˲ƼǰСˣ

üһڵĶҲܶˣ
СôĽһʦ㣿

Ϊ˳ΪﲻͶˣ

ĺҡʿȽ϶ָ࣬⴦ӿһĨڸһһϣⷢӰ˸һĶ

һ֮ĺҡתģǸѣʦʱ򣬻
ļ״ҡҡͷûϵ

һһ򣬾ǰʱ
ӿ֮ʱĺҡ⻹صʯڸһߡ

һתѹ֮ʱΪһɹԪӤڡ
Ϣ֮󣬸һתһԲ֮еĺҡ⡣

ĺҡī죬һϮ³ĵüѩ׶ޣϵһԼָһѹۡ
һʣµʯ

һɹԪӤڣĺҡеʯ˹ȥϲʦܶ󣬳ɹԪӤ硣

һţûá
ʦܾǽԪӤڣȴǵýһʦ㡣

һδĻﱻĺҡⷬ˻ȥ
ĺҡ⣬ðκ󣬲ŵҡʦ㡣

ĺҡӦһҡʦ㡱֮󣬻һתʦܣôûһж
һֲ࣬ΪʲôҪʱʱ̶̿һߣ

һ˺һֲСһߡ
ŲҪŸһߡ






125.  һٶʮ   Ľѩ˺Ľѩ


һѾϾʿ, Ÿһߣܹʲôģ

ĺҡ⿴һȴǳҺҪȥɽ, ҲҪȥ𣿡
ȥ, ȥҾȥ
һԼеĽһ, ڵҲԪӤڵʿˣϺȵġ

ĺҡת, ģ, Ըøһһ𣿡
Ŀһ, ޷, һȥɽҲֻΪ֮вӵܶȥ˻ɽ
, ȻǿԵġ

һԣĹ˹֣ʾ⡣

ʱɫ, ĺҡ˳Ǻһ·ȥ
֮, ڸϵ˻ɽ

һܵԶɽŰħ, ɵÿڳɵĽұ֮, Ľѩӽ˻ɽ֮𣿡

һΪ, Ų·֮, ӽɽɽ֮, ħŰ, ĽѩҪôܻȥأ

Ҫôܻȥأ
ĺҡ˸һɻ΢һʶ˻֮С

, ĽѩӳĽ֮ܵĽѩ⻻ѣĽѩСĲغá
Ľѩѳ˳ȥ

ЩħԭΪĽѩʶĽѩѣȻΪĽѩ⣬׷˹
֮ϵͳָ£ɽڵķܡ
ΪֻڻɽΧڣܽħ֮ȥ

ɽ֮УħŰ
˽µʱ䣬ߵħԵ˳˹ȥ
ڴʱֵħ¥ħԵ·һʱ˻ȥ
ǲ֪һʱ𣬻ʲôͼˡ

ĳϣħ¥ڵġȡˡء
ĺҡĬȻ˵

һ̤ɽΧĺҡԼѹƵЩãʼзӦˡ
ʶһаħΪУһӴаħͻʷӦ

ĺҡ⽫ᴹָ࣬΢һԼġ
ʿˣеʣĽѩɽ֮Уֻôһأ

ĺҡ⡢븵һ˽ɽ֮·Ҳӵˡ
ĺҡǰȥѯʹʶǺûпĽѩĽˡ
ȻĽʹĽѩȥ˻ɽĸط

ɽ֮УĴŰޡ
ڶӵڻɽкüգҲûҵλĽҴСĽѩصĺۼ
ԽԽ˿ʼĽѩһˣΪɽ֮޻ƣĽѩӽɽ󣬸ܾʹӳ졣

ҹҹˮ׹
ĺҡ⡢ĺ͸һѰһ֮أѣϢ֮ء

ǰڳ֮Уʮһ޹ʵһʯͷ
ĺҡŻѣûŪʯͷá

ǲһͨͨʯͷ𣿡
һõʯͷʱҲûʲôر֮ѾȥˣЩʯͷҲûʲôô
õʯͷЩ˵УѾʯͷˡ

ĺҡ⻺̽
Ӵռ֮ȡյõǿʯͷһ

ߺǲ²£ʯͷ᲻

һ磬է֮ʱĺҡָ֣⴦ӿһĨǰϨ
˶ûȥǿʯͷת뿪

֮󣬱һƬҽ֮еʯͷһĨĹ⣬


ĺҡһƿ죬⽣տⱻֻնǿʯͷײϡ
ݡһǿʯͷ׹ڵ֮ϣٶˡ

ĺҡת⽣󣬲Ŵŵ֮ϵǿʯͷ
һɵʯͷĻˡ

ĺҡϣǶ˵񵽵ǿʯͷͬĽ

գ˼ڻɽ֮̽븵һʼԼеʯͷܲܶ
չеʯͷûܹ

ĺ͸һԼеʯͷڶգʯͷͻԼǰ

һ̲סҲ̫˰ɣ
˿϶Ҳûʲôô֡ƽƽ桯ʯͷնû˦ʯͷ

ĺҡʵʦܣ統뿪ʱ˵ȥ𣿡
Ҳɽһ͵ֻǲһɽѡ

Ľһóݸĺҡˣ˶ۻɽһɽ֮Уʲôرģ



Զʦ֣ɽʲôر𣿡Ҷʵ
ԶӦһص֮󣬿˹һЩڶĵļ

ǧǰһħʿɱ˶ʮš
ΪڶķչפأΪ½ңѾŵõһЩ

ҶԶĽͣǸʿǷ𣿾ΪħҪɱʮţĵʲô𣿡
ħͷôˣ

ڳɱԶ
ҶԣЩ֡
һֱڽڣôûǧǰһ׮ҾĻأ

Ҷʵ¸ɽʲôϵ
£ǵҵĽѩ֮£һ𱻱ģѹ

õϢǣǸħͷڽ̨ħͷʬǱٵ֮Ϊ򶫻ʮлµź˻ɽ֮С



ĺҡӹĵݹʶ̽Ĺ˳Ƶݸ˸һ
ĸǿ֮Уоǵ¥ɱʮŵλá
ĺҡҲ֪֮£

¥統֮£ڵ֮п϶ҲҴ֪ߡ
һνΪʢפأں͵߽ǿǵ˶¶˵ĵط֮һһʮĸ֪ĺҡġ

Ȼ֪࣬һн֪ȫ档
ͱ磬ҶѾ֪¥ûΪħħ
ڿ϶֪¡

Ŀڵóо󷨣ʢٿһֱ̽ѰǸħʿɱʮŵԵɡ

ʮŶڶģǷɢڶĸطģҷֲ
Ѱʿƾ䣬ֲ󷨣Ȼῴʮŵķֲɡ

ĸǿУĽĵͼʮžַһ飬չɷ

һ֪¥֮£ڿʮŵĵص֮󣬳ɵһ𣿡
ľɽĺҡ

Ľ͵ҿһʮһʯͷ֮ʱͲ²⵽Щʲô
Ŀĺҡ⣬ʵĺӦҲ²⵽˰ɣ

һʮʯͷʮĿʯͷĺҡûгֵʯͷһӦҡ
ʮʯͷʮĿʯͷľʮţټһĽҡ

ʣ»еʯͷأһʵ

ȻĻʹˡ
ĺҡͲµ¥в֣û뵽ǣ¥ڼǧǰħһ̣Ѿʼˡ
¥ɱʮţħ֮֮٣Ϊ֮

˳šϾ֮ʱöǰ֮٣Ҳһ֡

Ļ֮Ҫӵܶɽȥ
һǿо˺ܾ֮󣬲ŵó

ĺҡᴹʵҪ֪Ľұ𾿾˭ڱٿأֻҪ֪ɽ֮УֵʮʯͷʮĿʯͷ͹ˡ

ʮʯͷĽұ֮£䱳Ͳ¥һơ
ʮĿʯͷ¥ɱʮţټϱĽң¥ڱٿء

ͳֵʮһʯͷټһֱһʯͷµʯͷĽУĽԼ¥ִһλħӦУ

ⱳ˭ڲٿأЩʯͷȥǾԲеġ
Ľ͵Ǳ֮˻þһзڻɽġ
ĺҡǵ䱻ǣȥж

ĺҡʦܣ㴫Ѷϵһ磬ںδ
һȻϲʲô鶼ȥ鷳һҲֵػ
ʱǸϵһ

һѶ֮ĺҡ߰ɣȥȥҪȥɽĵġ
ڽɽ֮ǰѾѶҶѶϸ

Ŀĵأһ·ǰȥһյʱ䣬Ѿɽ
һ·ϣǿԭѾѰĽѩһӵΪָԭȫڻɽ

ɽϿֱͣն䣬׳ۡ
ĺҡ̧ȥڻɽһ֮Զħˡ
˴ħӣָӡ
ʿ֮ʱΪǵѡ˱׶

ĺҡɽĵشûãҶԶ
ҶܹСͬĺҡֹԶʦִҵ֪һϢ

Զû˵Щ²˵ҶһԶȫĺҡ˵ˡ
ĺҡҶ˵Ǹħͷɱ֮ŹǱѹڶɽ֮Уӹһ˲ɻ

¥ûúúõģȥħ統ħ֮ϵħ
ôڼǧ֮ǰŹǻ˭ģ

ҲƲһЩ
ĺҡһ˼ţһ߽ƲĶ˵һ飬δκ

ģĺҡӹһĨ⣬ܿ챻׽ˡ
Ҷ˵¥ħ֮󣬱ɱˣ˻ϰݣָ˵
գҶ¥ʦлˡ

¥δ
Ҷʦȴ˱Ƶл

ˣҶ¥ʦ
Ҳ˵ڻɽѹŹǼпǸʦģ

뵽һ㣬ĺҡͻȻһ˲
һƶؾ֮У¥籨ǽڣһʢᣬ¥籨ҡ

ĺҡ֮ʱԶһȻ֮

ϸ˹ҶϸȥϺ󣬳ɵǱ˵ǷλĽҴС㵱ӵ˴дµһЩ֡

ĽҸĽѩʧɢΪħ׷٣ӽɽӣڴˡ
Ľѩ֮¶ˡ

ĺҡ⵱׹ħǰڴ˴дһλҲµһ֡
˺׹ħ磬ҲĽѩ

Ľѩ˺ĽѩһΪҲ޷ǣϡĽѩ֡






126.  һٶʮ   ʹֻڡǡ


Ľѩ֮, ¶ˡ

˷Ļʯ֮ʱĽѩµһ仰˳˼֮С
һʢ, ԭΪ˵Ľұ֮¶, ֪ںʱͻȻתһ

һǰ, ˾ΧǰתҷųĽѩϢȫڻɽ
ѵĻ֮ڽʧеĽѩڹⲼ

ĺҡͬҶ򵥽̸, ǿʯǰ, עʯԼдµݡ

, Զһ·ɽ, ǰħ
ϵͳҪ֮, ǱضҪ׹롱ħġ

ͣפ˰գԼʱһʯһһĿЩݡ
ʱϵͳЩ, Ҳûáɽ˿ġ

ͿɡϾĽѩڴˡ
Ľѩ

Ϊϵͳ˻ῴµݣϵͳûֹΪ, ڴ˿Щݡ

ڡ·ԭ, ŮĽѩʼսѰҽĽѩͷ, һ·, һ·¡
ħ, ΪȥѰҽ㡣
ɽ, ҲΪѰҽ㡣

ӴԺ, ˽֪ĽѩĽѩҲ͡ɡ˰ɣΪԼ, ΪѰҽ
ѩӦҲܸ˵ģڲ˸ĽѩĶˡ
ĺҡᴹ⣬ĬȻ˵

Ҷ߹ʯϵݿ˺һ૵λĽҴС㵱ӽɽʱ򣬲Ŷ󣿡
ҶૣӦòʮꡣ

һ˺˳Ĭ֮С
ʯд޷ǵʱӵĽѩʶ˺ʶ˻˽ʧٵĽҴСͷ£ڴһ
Ľѩ֮¶ˡ

Ľѩϻ۵һ˰
ôܹ֮ǰѾܹ뵽δˣ

ĽҵͬΪɽ֮һ֮ʱϧָп֡
֮˿ʼĽҵ⣬նں͵һһˡ

ֵʢٿ˽ĽҴСĽѩ֮Ϊͷˣת
ɽĽѩǰµʯ̣Ҳ֪ǻҪϷˣء

Ҷʯ̵֣ȥָḲϣ·£˵ǸԽһһЩֵġ

һϻ۹ӵо޽츳ˣʱˣδɳ˴˴
ǵĽûзǳʣĽѩɳǺεȾž޵ﰡ

һʱ֮䣬ڳвɵź֮⣬źδܼλĽҴСһ档

˼Ƭ̣ĽѩȻѾ䣬ǰĻ֮ˡһ͸Ľұ֮Ѳ˸ϵ

׳Ľѩ׹ɽģҡ
˻Ȼת֮ˡ

뽫ĿԶϡ
Ƕ֪ԶʢῪʼһ֮󣬲ǵġ
Ҳ֪Զַ֮£ʢҪ½ңֽԶ˻

Զӭ˵Ŀ⣬ƽҵõϢĽҴС㵱׹ɽħԵشĻɽȷûġ

Ӧûûǡ

գռϢ֮ʱͬʱҲõһϢǧǰһλħĴɱʮţħͷڷŹǱ˴˴ѹл
֮ʲôϵ

Ǳ֮ˣһأ

һ˽һ˲
ҲԼͬ뵽⼸ڼ뿪ɽȴǻָָԭ޷뿪ɽ

Ļ֮˽˴һȦף
˼ˣһ

һ˲ܲļžˣһţҾͳȥˣ
˵գԼߵͬתӳŻɽȥ

жȻҲгסˡ
ûں͵ڵλҼ֤˶û
˶û϶гġ

ԼһӺһ𣬸һһˣ˽
һ㷢ֱһڵϵǴǰ뿪һˡ
Ǽǵ뿪кü󱻸һȻģֻôһˣ

ѣʲô£
˴ŹУǰȥʡ

һȥǼѶûˡ
ſڵϵʿҧ

Ǽһɽķȥɷûãǲ֪ôģֿ˻ɽ
ֻص˻ɽ
ңڻɽһε谭뿪
ļͬɱǽڵĸһüʱҲɥڴˡ

һ˸ƼԶĺҡ͸һ˹ȥʶ鿴ˣɽֻܽܳ

ֻܼɽȥ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ĿѲһȦ󣬷ƺֻĽѩĽ͡Լѩĸûˡ
ĸѾȥ˻ɽȥ˱ʲôط

ĺҡתģѯʹĵ뷨󣬾̽Ѱ

ԽߣħŰԽͿꡣ
˸ҲɵŰ

Լʱۼ˲ԶͻȻݵһƬء
ǣƬ֮ħȫƽ

ȥ
ٽݱԵ֮ʱͻȻΧһ󷨣С롣

˵գʶ̽ʼ󷨡
ĺҡ̽ʶûϸ֮̽ʱкһ£ʲô·㡣

һһֱעĺҡߵƼĺҡͻȻü߹ʵôˣ
ĺҡᴹǿ֮ϣ˼Ƭ̣һ塣

˵գֽ̧ȡһѷڸһС
֮ݷһ⣬ں֮ǰѾµѹϵͳĴڡ

Ȼȡ֮ʱδ̹ǵʹ˲ɫ԰
־Լµʹֻڡ·ԭŮ֮ʱŻ档

һæסĺҡ⡣
ĺҡָ֣⽫һеǿס
һ˲ڼδʹȻʧ

ĺҡ΢ŴɫΪղŵʹЩ԰ס
ȻĽǿһԼ䣬л

ѩǲ⣬Ǻһжģǲ֪ǷӵĽѩͬ뿪Ϣˡ
Ľѩ⡭Ľʹˡ

Ըղһ˲ļ£Ľѩġ
Ľѩ⣬ˡ




ɽ۶ţƱ΢紵ҡҷš

С㣬ôˣ
ĽһյƣŶĽѩ⡣

ĽѩˮĽˡ
ڸղţɽ֮ͻȻĽѹƲסħ

ĽԣϲδеȣֻǿͷСͬôãڲŷҲǱһӶѡ

С㣬Ľ֣ѵ𣿡Ľյƣ߽


ĽѩһὣĽħӿ˲еˮ

СҾȻȥʱ򣬽ҰĽңҸмصظԼȡһĽյ֡

ҲǴħ壬ħʱʱޣҪȻС㵱ǲǸῴһۣ

ĽѩⱻˮĽͱƽȥ꺦ĽҽħĳоǰȴʲôҲˣ𶼱ˡ

ʲô

С壬һãҰⲻħ֮Ϊһ壬ֻзϽϣ
ħûзġ
Ƿ֮һأԽħɢ

Ľ뵽ķֻһ֣Ǿħ
Ӳħɽ֮Уеɱ˶ʮŵĴħͷĺԹڣŻħ

ħ֮ʱٽɢԼһʱʱ޵ħɢ
ܱһ塣

ֻܷ

Ľ𽥱ƽħסĽѩȥֵС㣬㵱Ҳġ
Ľѩ˵ʲôҽ㲻ܻġ

ŶˣҴһ·ûڴǿʯ̡

ĽҸ֮ûþˣ㲻֪Ҿ㿴µǿʯ̡






127.  һٶʮ   Ľѩ⣬˵Ƕ


Ľһƽ, ħûһڴǿʯ̣˵չĽѩǰ

ӣڴˡ
Ľѩ֮, ¶ˡ

Ľѩǰûʯ, ָ߬Ͳ, ҡͷܵģܵ, ҽôܻأ

ĽʹЦΪû˰ֲ, Ľҵ걻֮ʱ, Ϊ˱, ͺˡ
Ϊ˱㣬㻻, ȥЩħӳ졣

ôħĽЩʿûܴùС, ˵˵㵱ʲôܹӵùЩħħצأ
С, 㵱Ҳһṳ֮̂·ŮӶѰ

Ľѩֹסҡͷ
Ľ𽥱ƽ, ʱ˵޴˵ĵز

ĽѩⴹŵϵǱˮ
ôܻأ
㵱Ѿѧý, ǽýܵĻ, ܵдġ
, ôܻأ

ƭңһƭҵģ
Ľѩ⽫ڱʯǰ, Ĵӿ
ڲԶϵǱˮӦ, ˺ѷħصĽѩС


Ľѩӳˮն, ת˲˵ļ

ĽͼĽѩⷴݼȴԾЦģƽС㣬ô꣬ҲŽ𵤺ڵΪҪĽҺ㱨ǵҪȵ֮ȥ˰

ˮնĽֻһ̧֣㽫ǵС
гȻͬġ

ЩʥһմȾĽĵħ㽫ħȫɱ
Ľͼ״Խ˷Լһħȫӿ
ɽ֮УħŰΨĽѩڲûбħʴ

ϲаħ
ǰɽ֮ʱĽѩ˲ʣ˴ħƣһһҪҪʴҪʴ

ĽѩҧŴ꣬ˮϳն
ħ
ƽħ壬ôΪ˰ħأ
ҪǰĽҸ׸ֽ

ĽѩԽǵֿĽͱԽ˷ܡ
Ľ߽Ľѩ⣬͵ͳС㣬ǵĽҸףĽҸףѵ𣿡

㵱ôܻᱻĽңҲܻᷢ尡Ľ͵ʼգҪӦðԼɱ˲Ŷԡ
С㣬˵Բԣ

ĽƼĽѩ飬͵ͳС㣬֮ǰҾһãҰħݡ
ΨгΪ壬ǱϿɵģзĿܡ

ĽΪ˰ħӵʹħ
ΪΪħᣬȻݲ

Ľѩˣϴȥڵħǡ
С֪ҵֻǵӵʣǲ壬γɾѵ츳أ

Ľ߹Դħһͬӿ˹
ʱסĽѩĲָ߬Щ
ĽѩϽɱĽ͵ħ

С㣬˵֮ǰǲһľ϶ˣŻдһ㲻Ҫȥ¡
㡭˵˵
Ľѩʶģ


Ľѩ׹ڵϵˮҪӵϷ


ˣĽҵĳô죿
н㣬硣
Ӧ磬һҪصڵġ

ĽѩķӿĽѩۼ
ĽͼˣȻſĽѩĲЦС㣬Ҫˡ
ӽ𵤺ڽԪӤڡ

ĽͷЩӿĽѩץɽмĸ̨֮ϡ
һڸ̨ħӿĽѩ׵Щ֯һ໥ţš

ôֹСĽأ
ҪģǶС׵һ˲ʱ
ʱħõġ

ӿţħ໥֯һ
˴ʵһܺõĽ׵ص㡣
ЩħһͬӿĽѩ֮С

Ľѩۿ΢졣
ָ߬⣬ķת֮£ܲ˽׶ȥ

ĽѩϢһ֮ʱĽͱ֪ĽѩѾɹԪӤڡ
ȥĽѩ״̬һ߬Ĳ͵ͳС㣬ԪӤڣɻǴ򲻹ҡ

ħɣħ㽫˲þΪս
Ľ͵һ㣬Ľѩϡ

ĽƼĽѩϢԽԽȶڴЦ˳
ڣֻһˡ
ֻҪѹڴ˵ħͷųħҲ޷ת




Ľѩ͵սˮһѴ̽Ľ͵֮С
ͬʱɽ֮ܵзһտͬ̽Ľ͵֮С

Ľͱһǰһ̴壬Ѫ罦ĽѩһϮ۰ȹ˲Ⱦ졣
ҲĽ͵Ѫ

С㡭ôɱҡҶΪðڿɻħ𣿡
Ľ͵͵ʹţһ˫ۿҪ͸޾ķ񣬴Ц


ĺҡӽ⽣ĽһƷ˳ȥ
տ⽫Ľ͵峹׹ᴩ

Ľѩʧ񣬵ڸ̨֮ϡ
ðκ뵽ʲôһ㣬߬ĺҡһǺ½ǣ㡭ҽǲǻţҽһţԲԣ

ĺҡƼĽѩ״̬߬Ľѩ֣ƽǲǻţҲҪȥһ֪

ĽѩѾˣ
Ľƴһ󺰡
Цһ

ֵʱ֮ܵӿӵܡ
ǶĽ͵һ󺰣ѿڶ֪£Ϸˣ£

Ľѩ⡣ĺҡң

Ľѩԣԭ߬ĺҡ½ǵָһſ½ǣ
ۿ֮з΢죬Ϣʼüȶ

ܵͷӵܻˣĽͿǿʯ̣⡭
죡
Ҷǳг쵽Ǹӵǰвڶұ죡

Ľѩ૵ǶƭңǶƭҵġ
ҲǣǶƭӣƭҡ

ĺҡ֣ĴӿΪĽѩħ
ħɻ֡

Ѱ˵˲ħʵ⣬ȫܹԼЩħġ

񡭡
ĺҡ̽ĽѩЩħ總֮Ұ㣬Ľѩ֮䣬Ѱ֮޷ȥ

һеĸԭڣĽѩⱾ
ĽѩҪħˡ

ĺҡĽѩ˫磬Ľѩ⣬˵Ƕƭ㡣ǺãųȥȥһƣԼԼࡣ

ĽѩѾĽ͸˵ˣŻħס

˭Ҹ˭أ
Ľѩš
ðκ͵ͳҲǣֻ磬ֻһˡ

ĺҡԣȻſĽѩ˫硣
εĽѩȥԼĽѩȴֻ뵽ȥѩ
ƭԼģֻԼ

ĺҡƽȻѡȥǾȥ

ֵʱѩ֮ܵп첽ӳ

ĺҡÿλą̃Ľѩѩ
ĽѩƼѩԭһץѩ󣬳ʵ磬Ƕ˵ˣңⲻģԲԣ

ѩ˱סֻ
ҰҽûԲԣ

ѩ˼֮ƽѩˣӴԺ󣬾ֻˡ


ĽѩԼֱߵˮȻͶȴˡ
Ƭ֣Ѫ¸̨֮С

ĺҡվڲԶָ⴦ʴħһһɾֲעѪ̨ճİϸܵĹߡ

ѩĽѩ⣬Ϣ仯Ծûзſûϵ

ûϵģħˣҲа취
Ҫǣֻˡ
ŵģֻһˣҲֻһˡ






128.  һٶʮ   տǴСĵ


ɽ, ԭħؽ֯ĵط
˿̣˾ۼɽ֮УԽǿǸ̨, ԽܹܵħŰ
Ե, һˣĽѩ⡣

ʱʱ˿, Ǵٲ²Ľұһԭ򣬾Ͱ׻ôʮˡ
Ľѩ, ħҪץסĽѩ, ӶĽҵ걻

׾ǸĽ, 

ᴹ, ϸĽѩѩڵĸ̨Ȼ両ֳİ·
Ѹжϳ, λħ

Ľѩħᵼ¸̨֮ѹĺҲ޷ѹ
ЩһͷųҲ޷ѹȥ

, ̧˴˿ڸ̨֮ϵĽѩѩ
ѩ˵ıĽѩ⣬˿ûȥĽѩʱضڱ仯Ϣ

Ľѩѡȥѩ, ѩһݡ
ѩ, ׷Ľѩִڡ㻹ûĻ֮С

Ҳ˵ѩǶԵ, ǲԵġѩⷬ, ȴȷǵ½ĽѩħԵ˳ħľ硣

Ľѩһħ, ޷ת

, ׼˸̨֮ϵĽѩѩ
һ, Ƕ˳˽֮֡

ۼ̨֮ϵİ·ֵԽԽ࣬˼ˣ, Ÿ̨Ϯȥ

䣡


һȻ֣٣˵ĹϤ˸̨֮⡣
ѩĽѩſȥסԼı

˴ʱ˲ѩΪ洫ӵݡ
ޣɽ֮ѹ˵һȺʿ

Ըޣֻɽоʤ㡣
ңѩĴ֮һ

뽫ĿۼڸҶҵλһҶϡ
ҶֱѩʲôҲţ㿴ĽѩѾħˡ
ѩս޳ףǽ㡣

ƽ̧źǳҶɫôһǰħԼ׷ɱ֮ʱչز
ѵҪҲ𣿡

˲֪ҶǺʱԼģǶ˽ԼϢͬħɽ׷ɱͬһʱųġ
˶ΪǰҶں

㡭
Ҷһʱ侹Ȼ޻Է

ĺҡ̾һǽԼ֮ʱҾڳ
ҶᰣҲҶҡ

ħҲɽ硣

Ľѩأ
Ľѩħͬƶؾ֮Сħһ㣬

԰ħĽѩħôᲢأ
ϸ˼̲֮ס͵ʱ˿̵ĽѩħĽٶ֮С

ѩһչ˺ġ

ڳ֮Уȴ˿ѩⷬ
ѩ֣ٶȳ֣ƱҪֹĽѩħ

ĺҡֻΪҶ˵һ仰㲻ٶԣҲδ֡
ĽǾʬ壬˼һ˶֮У뵱ƶؾ֮е

Ľöӣ൱۪൱ƶؾ֮еĴڣֶ꣬һõʱ
Ǳ֮ҪԵģĽѩ⣿ѩߡ

ƶؾ֮У۪ĿСˣֹ֮£Ȼδħ
ձħģȴᰡ

Ľ͵ĿĽѩ⣬Ľѩͬħء
ѩΪĽѩΪС

ԣһ¥Ŀѩ
һҪһħҪƿѩ󣬾ѩջ߱

žڶѩ֮ʱĺҡĽǾʬϡ
ݺ֮£ѱĽȫҲûҵʮʯͷ

Ľѩڸ̨֮ϣΪţʧ
һϮ۰ȹĽ֮ǰѪȾһ롣

ĽѩԺ֮һֱѩǾ仰

ѩˣֻˡ
㡭ˣ
ǲƭ˵ģˡ

Ľѩ̧ʹرסԼͷš
۽ƳһϮ£㱼ֻʲô㡣

Ľѩʶ֮䣬һ

͵ͳ֪ǰںδ𣿡
ڡ
ħ硣Ҫħ磬ҵġ


տת˲ѩһ˸̨֮⡣

ĺҡ⽣һӳĽⱻסҲûô⡣
תʧĽѩ⣬ʵղһ˵Щʲô

Ľѩķſֻ֣ʣһϮ¡
૵ȥħ硭

Ľѩͼϸڳ֮У˼Ϊߵ˺ѩ֮⣬˶ûĽѩһૡ

ĺҡԣüͷ⽣׼ѩƽÿ
ѩȥұȥ


ĺҡԥӳ⽣

ͬʱһת˲⽣룬ѩȥ
һҡʦãʦܽңȥ¡

һѩȫֵ޷¸һһ֮
ĺҡᣬ̨֮ϣĽѩߡ

ĽѩԾ૵Ҫȥħҽǰ塭

ĺҡһ
ĽѩǰħϢԼ֪֮⣬ֻħ¥֪ˣ

ĺҡ˼йؼϸ֮ʱǰĽѩϵǵĺҡߡ

ҵĺҡ⣬㵱թȥԭǻɽ統ޡ

һζ֮УȻ¥
δĺҡϸȥ룬ĽѩıƼħ̨ڸǣѸӳȥ

㲻һֱҵʮʯͷ𣿵Ȼ
겻ҵҪҵĺ¼ֵøãЩֵøá

Ƽħ˵س֣Ҳڴ򶷵˳Ρ
һʱ֮䣬ɽױħŰްڡ
˵ʶû



ĺҡ֮ʱʶȥֱߵĽ
⻷ĲԾ
ڻɽ

С㣬ôˣ
߽ĺҡƽﱦúܵ⽣ɵЩɻĳ

ýҲûʲôϵɣ
ĺҡⲻɫķʡ

տǴСĵ´䰡ôܹأŮ磬ʵСѲǺͿˣ

ĺҡһʱ֮䲻֪Ǹĸ⡣

գŮĿе֪Ľþ֮Уûб𣬾ҲûЩ׹ħľ
úõġȵİ뽣ڣΪ洫ӡ

Ľѩ
գ˽Ϊµĵʽ

ĺҡ뵽ǰħ˶˽ʼ˼ǸҪΪµ˭

Сǽ洫ӣĵȻҲǽڵ˰ŮȻ

ڵˣ
ĺҡԣʱڳʿΧٶСڵ֮С

ȥλδ¡
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣Ůǰ£ص֮ӳ

֮Уĺҡһ·ľ¶ϲĴɫ
ʱŮ֪ĵص֮ĺҡȻͣ˽Ųе⽣֣ƿԺš

˳һϮ򵥰£һīа㣬Ϣ

ĺҡƼݷ֮ʱɳСʦ棿
ôҲû뵽λδ£Ȼݷۡ

ĺҡ߽ԺС
ݷתһþҲǣˡ

ݷ۵Ϊ飬κĻþܸ֪õ
֪ⳡþ֮ĺҡĴڣδκԥʶͶⳡþ֮С

˵ļ֮Уֻļݷ۵Ĵڡ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣šΪҵļ֮СʦɣⳡþŻ㡣

ĺҡ⽫Լⳡþ֮ǰ˵˵ŵⳡþܡ
΢һ˲֪ڻþ֮Уħ¥ǲܸ֪˵

ݷǲµĺҡ˼ǰ㣬£ҵΪ޷֪̽Ҷ̸֮

Ҳ²ⳡþħ¥µȦףǴǰҸ˵ģӵǵʿ
ǰҶħħ¥ֱ֮ʱͽ¸֪ݷۡ

ݷԣҽþʱþһЩȤķչ

ĺҡЩþôһʲôɧŻݷ۶ǣǱʵСʦ棬ڽþ֮ʱþδôķչ

ҽΪ¡˺䣬ж㣬ħϣԽɱңӴ

һ֮£ȴҲδȥҸ׷ȥϽҪ

ĺҡˣ̲סֱһüһ
þʲô㲻Ҿɱɱ֤Űľ۾ʶ˰ɡ

ôˣħ㶼Щʲôô׵۾






129.  һٶʮ   񣬱


ħϯһ˲, Զʶתȥֵ
κħڣԶΪֵܹġ

Զ۵һ˲صҡ
Ǹ׵鷿, ĸ, ҪԶλԶһЩҪߵ̫ˡ

Զ, һ֧֮Ψһӵо޽츳ˣҪʱ̽Լʹ
ҵʹʲôԶ

Ŭ, ׳һ֧, ͻС, 㡮硯硯, ٳ꣬ʱ֮޷Խĵȼƶ, ֻ㵱ҵһһֶѡ

ԶԼԼЩԾ
ֱ߳˸׵鷿ɽʱ, һССӰԴץסһۡ

, Ͻȥɣ
Զһ, ᴹ, ȥ

Զȥ, , , ҽյûн, һȥɡ
ԣԭ˫ʱʧȥ˲ٹ󣬳ɳ, Ѿܾûһȥˣǲܺ氡

ԶȻǰ˵֮ԣðκ󣬲ŵ͵ͳǾģҲȥ
֪ΪΣԶĪĸоڴߴܹЩЩ뽣ڣͲˡ

ԶȻһ
£
ʲô£

ΪȻ£
һ

Զԭء
͵ͳģԺһòã

ԶüͷȷԼԤںδġ
֮Ӧá

֮ʱѾҵϣ
ҼΪѰĵرΪϴ跥ǡǡ

忪ʼˡ
Զ곤弸꣬Ҳ꣬ûãĽȾ͸Զ
һ֮ȶԶڳҵŵǰ뽣ڡ
ڿ˴ȿʼ֮ʱͿԳΪһ洫ˡ

뿪ңȥ˽С
꣬廹ʱѶͬԶ˵Լڽڵ
ģѶҲˣԶѶҲٺˡ

Զ˵˳һ洫ӡ
ʱԶҲѾ˽ڣΪһŵӡ
˵ΪϢصȥݷãȴæ֮⡣

վɽʱԶȻʶѾܾûиͨѶˣҲҲûнйһ硱ˡ

Ȩλʧܸա
ĸ׶ץסˣԶһҵӡ
ڣڡ

Զȥ塣
չ֮˺ܾ֮󣬲ŵȵ˼һ档
Ѿúܸˣ
꣬緢

ʲô𣿡
һ֧һ档

Զ֪ҼʱϻȥпܾͳˣƾʲôһӺ˵Щһأ
ޱĮĳʵѵƾСʱһ𣿡

Զûг

ǹǰʮ£һῼǿǡ

գԶչ֮һ¡
һ¼䣬Զûм塣
ֱʶҲֲסˣ赹ڵϡ

ʶ֮ԶӵһѶ
һ֧ͬĸĸȫûˡ

Զ͵³һѪ鷿ǰ׶˵֮ԡ
Զ彫ֻ㵱һп޵Ĺѡ
֮֮ȥ

һ֧ڽڵĵ֮⣬Ͼɱ

Զʲôʱ˵ˣҾһŹǣ
ҵ˵ģǿԿǿǶѡ

Զͬӱҡ
Զûܹμһ֮ڵĿ˴ȣΪħˡ

ֱ׷ɱԶԶƵ·ˡ
Զһ̴塣

˵㵱ʱһЩһ֮ķУľˡ
֮ǰԶૡ

ûãԶʶ𽥳˳
ͬʱһͳѡôأ

ɢԶһ˫ۡ
߬һۣʵ磬ѾܾûˣǲҲܺ

һ˲ԶԼ֮ǰһૣԭء
һΣѡȥˣ᲻ᡭ
᲻Ͳˣ
ϾɱԼħѳڣҲδٻҡ

磬ôشң𣿡
߬Զۣ΢ͷԶ

һ䡰桱Զĺ䣬ȴôҲ˵
֮ԶϲȥһԡֻԼȥˣ֪òá

˼˺һŵͷȥһԡ

ԶעȥıӰȻ³һѪ

һһΣվֻصϣ⡣
εѡ񣬻ش𣬻򲻻ش
ѡĽȴǵһ

֮ϵѹ֧Ȩ
Զһþ֮Уճħϡ

ԶҵʲôǸɱģ׷ɱʮ֮ã
ʱһǣԶһħϡ

ɢȥΨһͳĵ̾ϢԶϡ

ħν⣿



ĺҡݷδչһʱ֮䲻֪þ̾λħ𿴵ĻӱȽ۹ѪǸþ̾һþݷ۶˽

ĺҡܽԡһþԵңҪħӴһ겻񣿡

ڹµĽβǧ׷ϽǰΪ˾ƣӴһ겻Ϊġ

µľβ׵áĺҡⶼݷǹһλˡ

ħ¥绹һϲ֣ħ
䱳󣬻ƶʵ֮УԲþδķչȥݡ

ֻǣЩ̫ѵħôһ鰮Ϊ鰮ʧħ

þδķչˡݷþĲ֮˴Ҳû뵽ڽⳡþ֮ʶѵģδþԻ󡣡

ĺҡԣƫƫĿ⣬ݷۣѵģСʦҲδʶԻⳡþڵʲô

ĺҡ˵գľסˡ
϶ѵģݷأ
ݷ۱ħһþԵģݷ۵ħ

ݷƼĺҡһĳɣûϵҹҽԼʱԿ׽㱣ܡ
˺ġ

þеһչúܿ졣
գ֮䣬ĺҡݷ۲δκζ⻷һ䡣
ԭվԺеģ˿ȴѾݡ

ںɴůһԴϲ⻪
ĺҡⴹȥ㷢Լԭþѱһļ¡

ⳡþȻôԶʱ䣿
ĺҡ˼֮ʱԶһϸζ졣

ĺҡһμݷ۴һϮĺ¡
򵥰»һϲüжȣխθ
֮У޾绪ưѩ÷

ĺҡһ˲ݷѾȡǸ߹ȥСʦ档
ݷᴹеݹȥҹɫ٣Ҳ֪ⳡþᷢʲô⡣

ĺҡӹ۽Ƽݷ˫֣ѹзӿСĽݷϡ
䣬ָḲݷ䡣

ݷָʶһ飬ȴܿ㡣
ĺҡרᴹµ۽ޣͬɵĵ΢΢˫ʢǹ⻪۾֮ϡ

ĺҡ⽫ݷֻϵϺ󣬽ԿС

׵ϣᴹ䣬ס޾컷⡣
ĺҡͷһָʶ߬еԿס

˿ķΧ£ǰ֮˴һĪʡ
ܹΪΪĹ˳
㡣

񣬱쳾






130.  һʮ   ұռ˱㡭


ù԰

ĺҡһһĪ, һƬëĵףһƬ

ĺҡԾ߬ǰѿԴԿס

Կףƿ˰㡣
ֹ, Ļ

Ϊ

һ˲, һƵĺҡڹƻ

뽫ǰѪ֮, ׵ռС

Ϊһ˵顣

Ҫռ

񣬹

ĺҡգ, ɫȥ, żɬڵСʦ, Ҫҹɫ֮, ûܹƵסĻҪô죿

ݷ, ˼Ƭ̡
뵽ǰһ֮£Ȼ˺գȥ˽פء

ݷ۳һ˲, ֻҪ㲻ȥͲµġ

ĺҡݷɤ, ĵݲݵ, ʵǡҪûƵסĻ, ôأ

ĺҡȻͶνħ, Ϊ, , ׹
ھȻħһ, ҲڲסԼϲˡ

ðΣĺҡ΢֮󣬿ʼĬľ
һ鲻, 飬鲻ı顣

֪˶ãĺҡȻôЩɣȥǰԼһˮ¡
һһۣԾɽⲻԼĻȥֵһˮȡ

Ѿҡħˡ
û뵽ԼûлħΪһþݷԽʰ

ԭĽϲһ˲ʱˣݻΪһԭ֮Ƶİ

ĺҡԾָ߬⣬Կ׵ļӲġ
Ѿ仯ˡ
ֻȻѡ

֪䣬ϸ춯
ĺҡݷ۵ĶеĲˮתȥʶСʦ桭

δ֮ʱĺҡƳʱһϲңңעݷۣȻʶ˿ҹɫѾ١

ݷڽⳡþ֮ʱī¡
ʱȻþӦʱһϮϲȴû׷ѩºī֮תǿҸС

ĺҡһ˲Щֲ̫ݷҹݷ۾ʲôˡ
ܿ죬ֱܷߵˡ

ݷעӶĿ⣬ƽģ·ӵܰһе㣬еΪ
Ŀ£ĺҡԼҪ뷨޴Ρ
Ǵ㣬һ˫۾Լʵ뷨Ŀ⡣
ܰһеĿ⡣

ҹݷۣħ⵨ԣעӶĿ˿Σֿ
ħƫִ֮£ִ˿Ƶ˼µᡣ
ޱֹ˳ֻҪһܺõĴڣֹ˳èġһˣߣ˳ëΪ

ĺҡûмӶּ򵥵ˣ
֪Լ˿̵Ǳһþ޷Ŵģôأ

Կ𣿡
ݷۻվᴹԼѵΪסң

ĺҡǰԿףһֻеĲ豭º󣬲˹
ݷ̧עһϮµĺҡ⡣

ǧ˿𣬱;µü۾軭ǹɣԽס
һϲҡҷĹ⻪֮УЩ޹⡣

ݷۿĺҡ⣬ĵ͵ͳûܹסҡ
Ȼˡ
̧һҲѹֲסˡ

ʲô
ĺҡֻݷǰૣȴû仰˵Щʲôʶš

ݷ´ĿҶ⣬ܺÿ

ĺҡ߹ݷ۴ԣȻǰݷ˵ÿһΣҪһΡ
ǣСʦ棬Ҳܺÿ

ҵһδôÿ·
ݷᴹȥָһһѹƽۼޡ

ĺҡעݷ۵Ķ
һ򵥵Ķѡĺҡʹ޶һֽȻ

ĺҡ΢ܿת˻⣬ɵСʦ棬ҪȲ𣿡
ݷ¼ޣֲſĺҡ⡣
ĺҡĻ΢üǳɵ𣿡

ĺҡѾֱ߿ȥǰٵһˮȡ
˼ţһþħ¥ΪħģΪ˽ݷǣһ֡

ħ¥ˣóָľ֡
һΣƶؾ֮УԭΪ۪ǳֵļһȫ˶Ը಼۪ľϡ
ȴû뵽ֻֻ۪¥Ƴһöӡ
¥ֻ۪ͼõ˼һ֡

û߳ĺҡԼۺıһ߬סˡ
ѣȻ׾پѵġ

һ̣ĺҡȻҲ޷ǰһˡ

Ҫ裬ȻǿԸġݷ۳
ȴǻһת૵ǡҹʱ򣬲ӦúȾ𣿡

ĺҡתƼݷԾָ⣬ɵһǼۡ
޳ָ߬ĺɫĺÿ

ݷ΢ĿƵĺҡһ˫Ư֮УʵȺȾƣȺ裿

ҡ
ĺҡ⧲֮£ݷ۵Ŀϣһʱ£ɵҲ֪
ôһʲô֪ˡ

һʼħ¥Ļþ̫ˣһҲʵ
ǼΪᶨģĻΪ鰮ħǾ͹ˡ

û뵽Լ߻ôһɱ
̾ͽеͶ˽

ݷԣգۣҲ֪һҵģòã
á
ĺҡҲû룬ʹӦ

ʱݷĺҡ˰ڴãΪݷϸ֮ʱĺҡȻ̧ݷۡ

ǽֻȾƣòã
Ȼ˵ݷ۵ģݷߵǰǰľʱԾǳĺҡ⡣

ûĺҡݷȨĺҡĬԼΪ
žƣ߻ĺҡߡ

ĺҡݷ۵ƵĶֱֻֽһƵݵǰȥǱУųСʦ棬֪ʲô𣿡

ݷǸԼһƺֲſĺҡ⣬ü֮컲Ĺ˼ֱ⡣
̹ȻҵȻֻ֪е֮ܺȵľơ

ĺҡգۣԾɿݷۣ͵ͳɵСʦǵ𡭡
˺һݷƳǲǲҵݣ

ĺҡƼݷ۵ʹüۣ͸żί㣬ֻòȢĸˡ

ȻһʼͲ¶ˣϲϲҶöࡣֻȾƣ̸ģȴԸһС
ڣһңԸˡ
ĺҡݷʵʵڡίͰ͵Ŀߡ

ûаҴû˵Ըġ
ĺҡ˵ţںһֻίըëè

Сʦ治Ⱦھ
ĺҡ˵գ̧еǱƣֱݷ۹ס֡

õݷ۳ȵġ
ȥĺҡžƵֹֻš

ͬϲɫˮ㽻֯һ

Ϊٶĺҡݷ֮ľȻ䱻ࡣ
ݷҪȾƣģȻͰ׷ˡ
ĺҡӦá

ľ룬ĺҡݷۺ˸еľơ

Ǳʱĺҡᴹпֻˣȴ޶һ㡣
ƽ븣ˣռ˱ˡ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱǰȻ串һƬӰһĨѵˮ㣬ǹĴǡ
Լݷۿ֮ʱֺŵϢС

ұռ˱ˡ

ĺҡ˲
Ϊݷ仰еļӸо͸ǿˡ
ǿҵһֱ͵Ľɴ






131.  һʮһ   һһƣ


ĺҡգ, ݷŽߵľ롣
Ŀ΢΢ƣĨ޴֮ϣݷҳɵʵ᲻

, ûĺҡ⿪, ݷ۱͵ͳĻ۸, Ҳռҵıˡ
ĺҡԣ΢Ŵ, ૵ĵ

ûĵ𣿡ݷ۷ʵ, , ҪôУ
ҡĺҡ

Ҫô壿̽ҡ
˿̵ݷ۹˳, ̵ֽС㣬ĺҡ̡

ĺҡ΢
֮, ݷᴹ۽ѻ㡣

ܵ˹ƻ㣬ĺҡսȥ˾ִѲѵĴ
˿̵ݷ۵˳ΪΪ, δκξܾ֮⣬ӭ˹

ðκ, ĺҡ⿪ڵСʦ, ں, ռұ, ڰѱ˸ռ˻
ݷָ߬һۡ
ĺҡĻ, ָֽŵض, ɵҿռα˵ġ

ĺҡ, ȴ̲ס´Сʦ棬ҪʶȰ, ˵ʲôרռ˵ˡ

˵գĺҡ⻺ֱֳ塣
˴˽֯һĴǻ£δ룬㡣

ĺҡ֮ƻиղǱƵ㣬ʶ΢´

ݷգۣɿڵħǿҪƵġ
ԵΪ
һ顣

ҲΪħǳͷͻġ
ݷ˵գ˼Ƭ̣ŵͷӦ˵úеҪѭѭ

Ҫôʱ䶼ҳˣҾͲܼˡ

ĺҡƼݷ۴˿̶ʱƽϵģֻӦ͵԰Сʦ棬ҪѭѭС

ݷлѾ˵ľƱƬ̣ʵҸ𣿡
ռıˣ㸺ġռҵıˣҸ𣿡

ĺҡԣһʱʧԣ֪ȥش
Ƽݷ۵üҪ΢ȥˣֽһίͰͱ۸˻ҴԺߵģæڵȻᣬһ㸺ġ

Сʦ棬ӽԺҵˣҿ϶㸺𡣡ĺҡӦ
ɫˡ
ԲֻòȢĸˡ
ģġ

ĺҡ⻰δ֮ʱݷ΢üȻżٱ⣬˵ǡ
һҪ˵㻰

ĺҡԣСʦ棬ѵʲôʱ˵û𣿡
Ҫݷ۶Ӧġ

Ҽ

ĺҡݷһૣһʱ䲻ɵúڵôǵáʲôʱ˵ûأ

ݷ̹ȻΨִŵúܡ
ִҾǼ

ĺҡʵʲôʱ£
ļǲģҪ˵ʧӦοԽʱ䳤ӵݷ۲ǵòŶԡ

Ҳܸ㡣ݷ۵ҪҸ㣬Ժֶ˵ô죿

ĺҡԼʲôʱ˵û֮ʱȻ뵽˴ǰһΡҲҹݷ۶˵ԭҼ㡣龰

һ
ĺҡЩȷ㿪ѯ֮ʱĿϲɫĻȻ䷢˱仯
ǻþҪһεʱԾˡ

ǶԴϲ΢΢ҡҷĹ⻪һ
ݷۻ֣ĴӿֳһĨȻɢ
֮ԭȻ仯ĻͻȻһ٣Ǳʲôǿƶס˽ıð㡣

ݷ˵ϲǲǰϨģһҪȼһ̣кõԢ⡣
Σҹʱ䲻Ȼӿš

þʶĻ˿һСĺֲģڰС²ݷ۵Ϊ

ĺҡƼݷ۵ľٶδ
ӵΪþκβֻܹЭ

ĺҡ뵽ҪѰҵĿꡣ
Ǹ׷𡢾ԽӰ

ҪݷͣȵԽʱĲ࣬Ӷ׷
ֻᾡȥ׷޵ʱܹ׷֮ͬС

ĺҡ䴽Ц¡

ݷþüӿҹʱֲתҹЩʱ䣬þֲҪҪϢ˯һ

ĺҡԣתϵϲ

һһֱŵģһϲȼ
ݷִϲȼԢ⣬ƱҪþԡ

⻹ĺҡһƼݷִŵһ¡
ԽִţԽԴΪӵĴڡ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ӦһǺá
֮ڴߵݷۣСʦ棬
ݷ΢עĺҡ⣬Ρ

Ϊݷ˯֮ǰףĺҡ֮ܿС
ˣþУﻹܹ˯Ϣ飬ʱԼв˻þĵ

ĺҡһõΡ
ֻϡǵһƬʢŵһ֣ȴܹʶӦ֮ǰ龰

ī¡䳤ݷۡ
񻹿С˵ĸף֮ǰķһ峤롣

δϹʱ

ңΣôһϹʱݷ޵˶۷Ĵء

ҲϹʱݷۻġ߱ɽɽӺˡ۵̨֮ϣ˾ȴҲη

ȥݷһһ㴴Ǳ֮ʱ顣ϹʱĽ¼ţʿ֮ҲҲһݷ۽Ľʱ޵һݷ֮֡

ĳȫԴǸ嫡ءϹʱȫԴڡݷһˡ

ϹʱһȫΪݷ۶ѡ
Ϲʱ棬ҲֻΪݷۡ

ź֮޾¡
ɽУһϹʱֻˡ
ǣ֮Уû


ģĳԭֻܴڱѩԭݷۣﳣаѩ䡣
ѩԭ֮ео¶ѩˣûлʱŵٻûй᫵İٴɽӡ

֪ģʷб޶кۼݷۡ
˲֪ʱġʱѧϰĻǺ
ڽ޵ĺݷֱн޶׷Ĵڡ
˶ǸžޡŽĽһˡ

һΣԲź㡣
Ϲʱݷۡ
ʱݷۣ޷ᣬҲ۵ĲѣύֿѶЦ
¶ֿ÷
㹻ǿǿڴϹʱҲ۷

ͺģݷҹݷֳۣ飬Ϲʱǻͬʱֵġ
ûзĽޣ԰ҹֵֶġ

ᣬҲԷ

ûʲôֱġ

ĺҡ˯֮к߬ʲô
һ˲ŷԼ߬סݷ۵һۡ

ĺҡ⻺ƼڴߵݷۣСʦ档
ݷתĺҡ⣬ˡ

ʱʱĺҡŷѾ֡
ǰǶԺȼյע£ûоϨ⻪

ĺҡӦ£
ϡǵξֻصƬһ֡
ݷ۵ૣǲ㡭

ҹ˯֮ǰĺҡȡסͷĸֽΡ
ʱĶīа㣬ɢ

ī٣
־ԼµĴڣݷǰɢһ޵Ļ

ĺҡȡһΣԼͷԼǰϰߣͷ
ʶݷ۴˿ϻæҶǽ⿪ˡ

ĺҡתǰԿȡ˳ݷߣݷ۽⿪
ǣ
һĺҡһ⿪ݷʱ⻷һ䣬֪ʱĻþûҪʼʱˡ

ĺҡԿף̧ݷۣ
գ֮䣬ƼԼĻþѾױˡ
ͬʱⳡþһйԾʱļ䡣

þӵļ䣬ĺҡüͷһ
Ϊݷ۵棬ԭЩʲô㲻ҾҪɱɱ֤Űľȫûз

ĵúܣɪͿҪһˡ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱ۽Ƽݷ۵һѩ£æתȥСʦ档

ĺҡһþȫûá
ݷۣûΪһþ׳ȥ

ֻҹӦþ֮еġꡱ֮ǰһ»֮ҹܵЩƻһ㣬һЩֵΪ뷨

ˣȻᱻҪݷռСΪе뷨
һ㣬ġ
Ҳڴﵽáħϵĵز

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣һ֮٣ƿһþĹؼ

ĵ¶꣬ȻҲҪһȥɷ֮٣Ӷ̤գϽġ

ĺҡ⻰䣬Ļ֮±ȻһĽ֮
ԭϴĻѸپۼĺڳơ

ʿֻڽ״֮ʱŻĶɽ١
һһĺҡⶼûжɹ٣νķ֮١
һ֮ʱѾħˣħ֮ת˲ΪҲδнϮ

ħ֮ǲн׽ٵġ
ɽΪϴȥ׷ӣһвӣ

ħӵħУôܹɽأ
䣬Ψħ޷ΪײήϣϴȥһвӣηϽأ

ĺҡǰʶһζɽ١
ңһɽپͶһĽ١
֮١
е

ݷעĻ֮ؽƣһ֮٣ġ
þ٣ɷ֮ٵȴü١
þȡңңʱ䳤֮еһ֮٣˴˴

ĺҡԣȴһ˲
û뵽һ֮پȻġ

ĺҡЩǶɹⳡ֮٣ѵܷˣ
ǵġ
һ˲ݷ۲֪뵽ЩʲôȻҲ̫ȷ

ĺҡܿйؼ
ڽþ֮ǰһ黯ʿ˾һԶúܣ̸η

˿̣ݷûг֮ǰ뷨ǣֻҪɹ˻þ֮һ֮٣ƿþˡ
һ֮ģĶɽٳɹƿⳡþѲҪԻڵΪϽ磿

ԻڵΪ̤գϽ磿
ⲻΣ

ʱʱĺҡڿ̽ⳡþЩ˼
ټ٣ʵʵ

һþУݷ۲Ǿһ׵׵޻þ
ᰴԭǸʲôáɱ֤Űľȥ
ԣӣþڸʲôݵĸʱˣȻѰƻþ֮
һʴ֪ᷢʲô¡

ⳡþУݷˡ
֮Уʵı
þʵıиı䣬ı˴δķչ

Уʵ
ǣͶʵķ֮١

һ֮ټȻʵڹġ
ĺҡ˵ţȻӹһĨûü׽סϸڣ£żôǾͲܳɹɽ١

ܳɹɽ٣ֲܶɽʧܡ
þһԵ⡣

ĺҡ˼ţĻ֮ƿɲķ֮٣ƽȻܳɹɽ٣ֲʧܣǾһ֮١

֮ٱɢѵѡȻͲˡ

ĺҡͬݷ˵֮ʱѾõķ֮ڽ٣һ˲

䣡

ĺҡݷͬʱ˿һɽ֮У˲佫һɽ顣

ɽ飬ļɽܵǣֵɲѺۣܲӳȥ


ĺҡȥѸٷӦ⽣տת˲ն
ôþ֮УΪ˷趨һ۷Ϊ
۷ΪֻǶʱЧġ

һþվΪģҲҪС

ݷתעĺҡһ⽣Լӳտ⡣
δ֮¡

ͻȻڻþ֮лǿЩĲӦǲ͡
ݷûĺҡϿ

ЩΪһþƽ׳ֵΪĺҡϣȴͬ͸ôһ㣬
͸㡣

ǡ
ݷ߶ĸ֡
ԭǵѾȥЩѸһʡ

Ϲʱ
Ϊĳ֣һγС
˵һƼܹߵµϣǾˡǡһ˵

ĺҡ⻺ս֣⽣Ŀ̧򼴽Ľף׾
ļӿ⽣֮ϣԺ֮ӹ

գĺҡȴĪһ߱ǰһ


һϷһ

ݷעڲԶĺҡ⣬ĬȻ
һ

տɱ֮⣬ؽƶȥƲɵ֮УĻĽ˲˺ѡ
ԭٵĵڶףϢ֮䣬ʧ

ʱ׹ӭһտĽ⣬һͬսݷһ˫֮С
ǺȻͻصǰ̨֮ϣһһƵݸͬǸˡ

Ǹ翡ǸͲڵˡ
Ǵڵġ

αʱ䳤֮еļ䡣
һһƣѾõĽ⡣

۵

۵Ǿںۡ
ݷ

Ʊ˺ѣĻת˲ϴ

ĺҡգۣĻ
˼Ƭ̣뵽һܹؼĵط
һþΪʵģջļ

ǰһδĺҡץסǸ뷨˿ָ˳
ûйɷ֮ٵļ䣬ⳡʵķֻ֮ǻþ֮һʵڵĳ

þΪ֮ٱһ˺飬û˱İ취
һĻþʼɢ

ĺҡ˼ˣתȥ
ݷһϮѩ£ǻþĻ档

ĺҡȥͣݷǰһþҪˡ
ݷ۱Ϊűǣⳡþģƽ޹һþ

ݷۿĺҡ뷨һþκβңֻǲ˻þ㣬ġ
Ҳ񡣡

ĺҡգգۣڵСʦ棬һ֮ǲģ






132.  һʮ   λл峤


þʵ˵صʵġ
ûжɷ֮ٵļ, ôһɷ֮ٵļֻݷ۵ġ

þȡݷ۵һ֮٣ƽڴˣɾһþеʵ

ĺҡʳǸ֮ʱ, ݷ۲δκ, Ӧȷķ֮١
Ϊķ֮٣ܹһ۱ϳʵ١

ĺҡ˲
ûȥʷ֮ѹ, Ϊݷۻǿ䡣
Ҳûȥݷۻɲôһ֮١

֮ٻڱ֮, , ݷ, ֮, 

ĺҡݷۡ
Ļþͬʱš

һ֮Ŷĳ
þһȥ

ֻҲûȥһ֮١ݷ͵, ͬһѡһǷ֮١
Ҫǿ䣬ͲȥǷ֮١

ԭ
ĺҡգ, ʶþ飬ݷ۾Ҫˡ

ݷҪһ˹صѩԭˡ
ﳣ긲ѩ, ûзļ

ݷһϮѩ¿ʼ䵭, ׷˹ȥ, Сʦ, ʢ, Ҿͻˡ
һǵ, һƴġ

ݷۿĺҡ, ַ֮һһƵ㡣
ҵ

ĺҡĿݷ۵Ӱʧڻþ֮УŻþƬһʧ㡣
һ˲һ

գ֮, ĺҡʶԼ˵ĻþС


˲䣬ĺҡѾе⽣ӳϮĳϡ

ĺҡ⽣֣˳⣬˶ִ֮ˡ

ҶһϮȹ񻡣
˿Žε飬΢°ͣߵĺҡ⣬ҵһ˴սˡ

һΣһġ

ĺҡԣüͷ΢һ
ԡҶĻþսһ˴ζˣ
δսδ䣬֮󣬻γħ

Ҷûĺҡʲô뷨˿ڻþ֮УҲԼڻþеĸо
ĺҡ

ҶѼ̳΢ķɻӽ֮䣬΢֮Узɻϯ
ЩɻҶĽ⻯Σÿһɻж̺⡣

ĺҡӳ⽣
տһһƯķɻڽ⴦ϸţܿͲҶʵ

ҶٶϮ֮ʱĺҡݳ⽣ǶķɻӳɵػҶ½ǰ
գ⽣˳Ҷ䡣

ҶͣԼĶ΢΢ͷϲĵһ˴Ρ
һΣһӮġ

ĺҡе⽣Ҷ˺ܿʧԭ
ĺҡⶼûüץסҶҶͲˡ

ܵõͦġ
ĺҡ˳ĬȻ˵

߳ʼҶĻþ֮̽š
ûãͿҶһϮӰ

ᰣҵһ˴˻顣һΣԾһ㣬ٳˡ
Ҷεżֲ֮⡣

ĺҡԣЩŹֵĿҶһϮµġᰡ
ҶеĻԼһѶˡᰡȻûȡᰡκξٶٴʧԭء

Ҷʧþڸһ㣬մﱻˣᰴҪͬ᰽Լ

ĺҡעšᰡһذ׸ԼģڻԼϣҶһλԼ

ᰡͬʶ֮˰㣬شˣԼѾˡ

ĺҡ״ԽᰡԶȥ

һΪ˶ħء
ĵ̾ĺҡͣ˽ŲתȥעһϮµᰡ

һΣᰡ
Ǵǰġᰡͬһ˰㣬Ǵ˿̵ᰲʶ˹

һϮ£дĻ䣬Ҳֻᰲܽɫѹȥ

Цҡãþò
ĺҡƽú˵

ᰣɲΪͻȻЩʲô

Сʦһ㣬СʦΪ飬ܹ׾ٵĲһþ֮ĴڣӶʶ٣ǳþ

Ϊڴ˾硣
ΪᰵΪδԲܹڵһʱҶһþ֮Ĵڡ
Ҷ˻һ˴֮ᰲԼЩĲٴ˵ء


ΪΪûдﵽݷ۵־أ֮ԾЩɬ벻㡣

˼ˣĺҡʵΪѾˣ
ҡò²¿Ц

ĺҡԣѾ֪ˡ
֮⣬뵽һ¡
Ȼÿһþ֮Уֻдڵ˲ʶ١
룬Ҷһþ֮Уǲ޶˳ħ¥ġ
Ҳ˵ħ¥̽һþ

ĺҡƽؿᰡ

Ž͵һʱħھѡ½ħıԣڻʳ֮Уʱ򣬱ˡ
˵Ľף϶ס
ףħ׵ġ

Ϊ֮ҲŲңҾˡ̹Ȼ

᰹һЦҡãûоħ֮󣬱ȴǰеøˣħΪһ㡣

ȷħ֮󣬱֮ʱ׻ҪϺܶࡣ
һػħ󡭡

ôĺҡ߽ݾ򲻴
΢עĺҡ⣬ûϿʲô˼Ϊź㡣

ԣҡ˵úҲЩƳħ֮˵˺üϢ

ĺҡ⿴ᰡ
䴽ԭħ֮УҲһҡ⡣ҡڼ֮ǰˡ

˭Ҳ뷨ħߴħ֮һҡħͬɽеĽ洫ĺҡϵһ
ħʱ͡衱ˡ
һӡ۶ô

ҡħȨλħɡΪλħŻصħѡ½ħ
᰾ֻͬɺϵһ䡰ҡħĸƵģܿ˹ȥ

ҡ˵ҳΪ½ħ֮󣬸ôһλȨ

ǴлȨǴȨ״ĳʵ

ĺҡ⾲ᰵıݣڵֻ֪ħߴħֱࡢ诡ᡢȨ⡢ҡ⡣

ȻҪݣ¡
ħߴħţɽоʿ֪λ

ԣЦҵˣλл峤ҡħ֮󣬲űħġ
˵лҡħ£ҡħˣлͽҡħµ

ôһҸоҴлжȨҪһЩᰳ
ĺҡмƻ˼ֺαضһʡ

ϲսˣսѰ֮¡ᰵ

硭
ĺҡ⻺ֻ۪ӣ
Ųȥἰ۪£᲻ᰵӡ

ԣЦɣ˵ףΪ۪࣬ҲᷢôȤ¡

Ĵ۲ǡɽѡ
ĵš

ҿϵģ֮Ȩ
᰿ĺҡ⣬ʵһɹ𣿡
ûĺҡҡ˵ҳΪ½ħ֮ҪҪȥұħ

˵ħħһģ϶Һ
뿪λħͬλѾã϶½ħġңµħ嶼ͦģħǺֿԡ

ʣΨһѡ񣬾Ȼֻλл峤ˡ
᰹˹λл峤йһ֮Եͦദġ

һ˵л峤µħ嶼ħ˵λҡħµĴͳ

ĺҡĻͻȻʶʲôʵħ޵ݳΪħһħ

Ц԰

Ϊɢħħһҡ

Ҫħ޳Ϊħʮһħ塣





133.  һʮ   һЩ̣롭


ɢħħһң
˵ԼŮ/һҰ

ĺҡ, ̲ס´ǡ
ʼ˼Ŀԡ

ɽУǧԭħʿ١ɽ޴ɴ, ֻħ硣
ħ֮, ԭסħڡԭסħǺġ
ħʿֻɢħشЩط, Ǽƶ֮ء

һѡ½ħ֮УΪ½ħ, ˿ԼΪħ޵, ܹħжȨ, ֮еõħ֮ħ޵֧֡

㡭ᰵħǰ, ܲжħðͷͶᰡ
, ֻҪ㹻½ħλãʱգܻħǰͶᰵġ

࿿
ħҪͷ, ѡ½ħѡࡢᡢ⡢λħҪõöࡣ

Ȩ֮, һߵúܺõġ

᰹˹, Цҡ, һɹ𣿡

ĺҡ, ΢
, ħλħ, صħ
ħϴħޡ

¥⼸ǧ, Ȼû˵ҪħޣҲû˵ȥѹɢħ֮еħޡ

ᰴ˾١
ܹɹĺҡ⻺
ᰵҾͷˡ

ʱʱҶٴγ, ĺҡᰣһ˲ˣڡ

Ҷӳָĺҡ⣬΢̧򢣬ĺҡ⣬ҵһŴսһΣһܹӮ㡣
аɡ

ƼǰһĻüۼ͸ż֮⣬ЦӨӨؿĺҡ⣬롣

ĺҡ⿴Ҷֲиսɵ̾һɡ

󣬲һӣҶٶȰ
ҧҵһŴ㡣һΣһӮġ

ĺҡҶ˽ת־ڵķȥæ֣˹ڵҶǲ֪Ϊʲôеô죬ֱߵط

ҶԣһصĳҪҡĶؾ
ĺҡҶװءӣҸҵܡ

Ҷ˵ұ֤й¶
ĺҡƳҶ֣µģɵ̾һɵӡ

ҽõԭѾоܶꡣ
ĺҡ˵գӴռԼıһѵݸҶ

ҶĿĺҡݸĴ󱦱ɵ

ĺҡ䴽Ц԰һŵӵʱҾͿʼо𿴻ż򵥣ʵڲطأһλΪĴǰ

ҶĺҡĻǾòŵġ
ǣתһ룬ԼĺҡĵһΡ

ʮԽսУĺҡչʾĽѾӸѧķɻ˲١
ʱĺҡûлȥѧϰǰĽвֻлѧϰˣ

ߣ׺ҲҪȥооš

Ҷ˼ãѡĺҡݹĻ¶ҪŬѧϰ

ĺҡ⿪ڵҵоⱾоꡣҲо꣬ʱս
ҶҶͷ

˴ʱĺҡŷſҶļ磬Ҷڣȥһ°ɡ

Ҷһĺҡ⣬ﲻ֪Ϊֵĸо
սĺҡһ˴ΣôֵһŴʱ͸оĺҡЩ̫һأ

Ҷ֮ʱֲͬѰΥ͸о͸ˡ
᰾ȻҪ̸ͬһ

ĺҡվڲԶûȥҶ֮Ľ̸ȻҲ֪ᰶҶ˵ЩʲôҶ⿪йᰵħ

һ˴εĻԼ飬ǱҶֱӶϵġ
ĺҡƼһŴε˻ϣҶΪƽ͵ĽԼѪĵĻԼ齻ᰡ

ü΢ӹǻԼ飬ԼѪ׽⿪еǷԼ顣
Ҷ΢ڣʱȴЦŶ˵Щʲôתȥ

ĺҡһþȫȻûĺۼɵü
߹ĺҡüЦҡãüɾûôÿˣȴǱһζ

ĺҡҶбħ
ûͨҶһСô˵Ҳտĵģôħôࣿ

Ӧȥƣ֪ˡ

˿Ҷ֮ʱҶڶеĻ
ƼҶеĻĺҡ⣬ʵĻ

ĺҡ̹Ȼ뵽Ľİ취ֻˡ
û뵽ĺҡİ취Ҷȥоɵǲƭ

ôƭĺҡⲻ
ʵΪˣŻٵģ

Ȼ
ĺҡ̹Ȼ˵ţҲûȥû˵Ļ
û˵ѡ

õĶ
һŵʮ䣬ȫǿⱾġ

ҶûƼǰ˰㣬ר־ؿĵĻ

ĺҡ᰽ĸ֪˴˴ؾеʱ仯
˶ԣǼգ۵˲䣬ڿҶԣƺһꡣ

ĺҡȻ̽ʶϸһþ֮еʱ仯
ʱĳһ̣ʶһʶϣ̽һջʶ

᰾Ȼ뵽̽ؾ֮ʱٱ仯Ĺ

ɴЦĻҡõǲصú
񾳽Ϊ˾ʶ
硣

ҡѾҵ֮ˣΪʶ̹ܶˡ

ⲻ̹ϡ
ĺҡᰵĻס۵ĳ嶯ƽɽ֮У˭˵֮ԣ

ħ˭һħ֮˵ĺأ
в

ԣǵЦɣ͵ͳǰɽУ˭˵֮أ

ǰڱ棬ϲֻƿصˡ
ĺҡִŴ̵ˣûйκ뷨

һ̣Ȼһ
һЩ̣һ޴Ĵ̺ݺĵˬʹС
һǴǰЩƿصĹ޷ĸо

ͻȻͶˣΪʲôֻС˻ᰮˡ

ĺҡתһᰣƽжǷˡ
ѸģѰ̼
Ѱֻ̼۪ӾͲ˵ˣھȻѰ̼

Ʋǰ˾ûп뷨
ҲͨˣФԣǾֻС˺λл峤޷õλ˵ģֺεºܿԺηõأ

ĺҡһ仰ЦҲͷ𣿡

ĺҡⲻٶԣֻǿҶ
᰽̸ĹУҶȻվԶŽˣ½º⣬˵Ҳѧ԰ɣҽվָָ㼸С

񽣵½ºҶĻþ֮Уĺҡⶼû뵽ġ
Ҳû뵽

½ºļһйһ֮ԵһΪ˻ǸԶģû뵽ȻСӡ

ĺҡԣЩ档
᰺ҶĻþûие˿⡣

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣뵽˹ؼһ㡣
Ҷħķ

ƺ½ºڴЩ͵ֻǶ˵Ҽδ⣬Ͷ໻ѡ
СѲɻѡδ𣿡

ⲻԼҪҶҲ˼
ĺҡԣ̲ס²š

˵½ºƶؾ֮󣬵ʱͬҶѺýŽ֮Ĺϵ

ԶҶһֻŻһֻųͬӭ½ºȻ˻

̶գ۵ʱĺҡҶŰ½ºϰٴΣŷ½º뿪

Ҷ˻ǰߡ
ʱĳһ˲ٶȳѩһһġ

Ƽѩ֮ʱÿüڵѩô£

˴ǰʮԽսҶΨѩ󡣡ĺҡ͵ʢǰ洫ǰս֮ʱҶڵڶʮϡ

ڶʮѩ󣿡ʵ


һʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ǸøпҶħʵ̫ˣǸøпˡ

ҶѩսĵһŴΡ
ѩΪȻǲܸ֪ҶĻþ֮Ĵڡ

ܸ֪ĴڣΣ
ѩԸֻµ
Ȼ

ѩֻںĽѩйص顣

ҶսѩĵһŴΣսɹ

ġѩŻеʽԼ˵һ̣ĺҡ᰽Ĳⳡþϸ΢仯

ҶһþҪˡ
ĺҡᰲԼͬĶһ

Զħ硣
Żþ飬˼Ҫɢȥˡ

תĺҡ⣬ЦҡãҪˡڴǵһμ棬ɽ硭
ħ硣

ǰ·ѣء

ħ磬һġ
һʧڻþ֮С

ĺҡעʧֲŴӼĻþ֮УȥһססҶ

ҶȻת
Ƽĺҡ֮ʱһ˲ŵĺҡ⣿ô
ǰڻþ֮һŴսľʱʧȥκ

Ȼôˣ

ĺҡԼҪһµĻþˣæþƣҪС¡

㡭
Ҷûü˵һ仰þͳ飬ԭקǹʧ

⻷ٶһ䣬ĺҡգۣʶԼѾһµĻþ
һþ˭ģ

ôЩˣû뵽ԼȻΪô˵ħ
ƽ̫

˼ˣĺҡ뵽ԼΪⳡʢǰ׼
ǽս˰˸˵İ
Щ˸òᶼҪþ֮ȥһɣ

ĺҡ⿪ʼ»þ֮еݴжϳһþ˭Ļþ
ڴ˵ãҲûмⳡþˡ

һĳǳأ֮УɫҴңŸ˵顣

ĺҡ߹֣ƼЩɵĵĿǰþǼΪƽ͵ġ

ĺҡƹֽǣһ紵һӰǰ
˸˵ҵˡ

ĺҡ̧ȥ
ò״ɣһ˫Ĵ۾Ƶӳ㣬ʢϸĹ⻪
緢ɬ֮䣬һζ

һĺҡ
ⳡþǸһĻþ

ĺҡǵøһĿ꣬ȭһŲȸ󣬻д
ԣⳡþǸݸһĿƶģ

һͷҡʦ㣬ҡ

þ֮УһȻϹԹԺһҡʦ㡱ˡ
ĺҡҡʦ㡱ɵüųʵǲսң

ǸһĿ֮һ
ڸһĿģӦþΪս

һԣ۽գһ£ÿСḲš
һ̹Ȼҡʦ㣬ҵ׶˵Ҵꡣ

ĺҡⲻأ
ԣҴ򲻹ġһ͵ҵҰؼңҪһ㡣

ĺҡʱû׸һǰ֮Ĺϵʵ㲻ʵĿˣ
СҼʲô

һҲҵĿ֮һ

һĻþ֮УиҼĻǸҼҲпܻⳡþ֮У
١ҼΪųΪߵΪҪһЩ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʵʦܣѾ𣿡
Ѿˡһ̹ȻҪҪܳһʱ䡣

縵һأĺҡٴʵ
һһʱüͷҸҸһ١

ĺҡԣһʱ֮䲻֪ôοһ
һĺҡþûлش⣬˺ܾãŵҡʦ㣬ҪҪȥҵ

֪ΪΣĺҡܾøһⷬһ⡣
ֱڵʦܣȥɣ

һʲôüģһңҡ
һһҲĺҡȥһ

ڽڣЩʦʦȻȽϲ磬ǣʱ򳤲߰
ѾñȸһҪˡ


һһ뵽˿̵ĸһȻôͷɥ

ĺҡƼһ֪ΪαɥæǼ֮ȥҸ԰ɣ
һԣ˺ðΣŵԡҪ׼

һҪ׼
ôǸһͻȻֲˣ
ĺҡԴ˸һĻþ֮Уһֱɻ벻⵱С

һĻþЩͷԡ

ĺҡʵǲǷʲôˣ

һҸ粻֪ʲôͻȻ䳤ˡԭұߵģñһˡ

ҪǡҪĺҡ˳ĸһͱһסˣôأ

һĲΣС

ҡʦ㣬᳤ܻġ






134.  һʮ   ҡСѡ


ĺҡһⷬ, һϴǰһֵΪȻͶǰ˼
һʱ֮䲻֪ôȰ˵һˡ

ĺҡ⻹ǵԼһȰ˵ģл䡣
ǵԼȰ˵Ȱ˵, лɵӵѧҵ, ˵Ҫһֱ


һɱлСö࣬һء

ҪôȰ˵, ڲ˼ССһĵ£øһ뷨أ

ĺҡ˺ð, žȽһĻþ, ˵ġ

һ˵, ּƻȥ˸һ֮, Ҿʹȥҵ
ĺҡ⣺
֪ΪʲôһҪȥλҼˡ

һССͣŴ˻ؼҼҳˣ

ĺҡæʦ, Ҿڵĵֻ֮ҪΪˣʲô¶ð, 㿴ΪߣҲûôܽ˰ɣ

һĺҡ, ɵ, ֮ǰҵʱ, ˵Ҫġ

ֻҪΪ, Ҳһˡĺҡ
Ǿøһḵһ, ϾһԴܺӵ, û׼һʱ̽Ųȸһ, ȭ仰ߵء

һţĺҡĻȥˣͷ˵ö, ҪŬУŲȸһȭ󡣡

һĺҡȥ
һߣһ߽͵ʵҪһҲڸҡ

ĺҡĻĵԭǸפء

ԼƬӺ󣬸һĺҡ˸פظ
ûƿȥǰűӦ

ĺҡ죬̧ȥգۣһһμһʱĳ
һϮѩɫۣԸϵű

һòģʱǺΪ֮һֱӵһֽ֮ʣȥɬȴ
״ɣüãޡ

һƼĸһȴǳ˺һתĺҡҡʦ㣬㿴ɣڳˣҲˡ
ĺҡԣŷָһθ˲١

ǰĸһΣߣȴеΥ͡
ڵĸһҪ΢ͷſȫòȸһ˲١

ĺҡֻһۣ㿴˿ĸһԼʶġ
Ҳ˵һڶ̶µʱʹ֮뷵龳ˣ

һĺҡ⣬ֵҡʦá
ĺҡǻʦ֡

ôһۣ˽ǲµ˶Է˸һⳡþ֮С
ǶƳԼĻþ֮󣬱һԼĻþУԭûʶǸԼ

һĻþ֮УĿǰ֪иһиҼ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ųʵʦ֣Ҽ𣿡
ֻдӸһѯʣ֪þ֮еĸҼôһ

һҡҡͷ͵ȥʱ򣬾Ͳǵĵ
һ븵һĻþͿһǰȥģﻹһֱ˵šŲȸһȭ󡱵Ļֻ游ĸ׽ѵһܵܣøֱⷬˡ

һ˿ڻþ֮Уʶû˿̿ĺҡѾ˸һҡʦ㣬ѾˣǲǾҪȥˣ

һԣ̧ĺҡ⣬ƺɻڸһΪҪĺҡȥ

ĺҡһ˲һһӣһҾðɡܵܿе㴺ȶˡ
ȶһǴ

ĺҡƼһݼ¶һ˿ɻ󲻽ʶ֪һλСӵ֮ʵһһ⽫ȫ֮ϡ
˵һЩܵܺĽңȥҼνļҳɡ

һԣȴһ
ĺҡ⣬ˡ

ǰļȫ˴ģһûԹԵҪĺҡȥԼҵ
Ȼ˸һһˡתŸһʮ־һ㡣

һΣеġ
뵽˱ڰ͵͵
ôһ룬Σˣæһ㲻׼۸ҡ

һһӦţҲ۸㡣㲻롮ŲȸһȭڸһᣬȥǱߴһܡ
Ҳ
ܵǸöһٵġ

һһ˲Щ⶯˵õģ׼
ţ˵õġ
һӦֽһһѴˡ

ĺҡĿ͸ֵһԺӡ
ܿ콫Ŀ˻Դ֮еЩ⣬

һλտ۵Ŀ˺Ѵ˴þеգת˲ԺС
ĺҡҽĺҡ⣬ǽ̫Ϸӡ

븵һ͸һмƣӰȣǸҼˡ
ͬʱĺҡ⻹ȷһ¡ǰĸҼǾԼʶģþƵ֮ˡ

ô˵ҼΪһߣѾãôҲǸŽ˾粻õļһ֪һЩɡ

һּĿ⣬ĺҡ⡣
ðκ󣬴һԺдһµһң

ЦҡСѣӴܣȫΪ㰡˵˵ô죿
ҡСѡһӣһӺ񶼻ġ

ĺҡɵ̧ȥ
֪ΪʲôͻȻһֲ̫ԤС

һ˲ĺҡЦųҡСӶ˰ɣʡΪġ
ֵܵĸɺˣˣ϶

˵˴Ȼ̾һҲָģϣֵܺúõģҪΪ¶ħϡ
ֻҪٳ¼С¾ͺˡ

ʵҡСѣҵ뷨ɲԣ

뷨ˣ
Ȼԡ
ĺҡæЦͱҵЦˡ

ֶĺҡ⣬ҡСѣҿǺѯ˼
壬ɾûˡ

ĺҡԣŸ
ƺĿûа㿪Ц˼Ҳ֮ˡ

Ƴĺҡ棬Ҳĺҡ⻰֮е˼
ĺҡ֮ˣ֮Ҳɵӵеһ

˼ˣɵٴ̾һҡСѵǺúݵģҸҿӣֲҡСļϵǸˡ

ĺҡҶһ޵ĳƺ˼Ƭ̣ųҲǺ𣿡
ͷӦҶϼһҽġ

˵£Ҷİܹôþ֮еȻûһ뵽ġ
˵ˣڽ֮ǰҶƵҪĳ̲סЦ

˵ҶǸŮҲþ֮𣿾Ůû뵽֡

ĺҡԣգۣǾԼһصӣڵ֤ÿ˶ܺãû˽ǹȥĿ𣿡

Цһ룬ĺҡĻЦͻȻͶסˡ
ĺҡ⣬ԭһħĻþ

ĺҡ̹Ȼͷǵġ

ľͲЦˡ
СʱŵǾ䡰Ųȸһȭ󡱻ǵġ
Ϊһϸˣܽþ֮С

ĺҡ⿴λϸЩˣܿת˻⣬Ǻѣ֪ڵ¥ɱʮ֮£ж˽⣿

ҶĴ֮УƴңҵԶҺ¼ҵĵࡣ
Ҷǵ궫ĺƽٵ֮һǸҼΪҶĺѣӦöԶĺƽ˽⡣

¥硱֮ʱɫ

¥˭
¥ǵڽѹڶ洫ӵĴڣ䲻꣬ǵž޵һˡ
Щ˰ȫǿŻùãټϲ׵츳һһ˽ĳɾλ

¥ڵ꣬һ졣
Щλ¥ԣ̽ȡ׾١

ǧǰħɽһƽٹȥǧࡣ
ʱɽٷϾˣűʢ
ֻ꣬¥һž֮ˣѹͬͷϣ̫ҫۣйȥǵ

ֻ¥ɽʧ˺һӡ
ٳ֮ʱְһɽĲһ

¥ħˡ
ħˣɱ˶ʮţðٷϾ˵Ķѡ

ĺҡ⿴֪йؼʵǸ֪¥类ɱ˽ĺѹ˶Ļɽ𣿡

˵Ӧ
ǣ¥û
ĺҡüͷѹڶĻɽĺ˭ģ

ԣԺ֮ӹһ˿⣬˴ǰһΣ˵ҶڶĻɽ̽Żɽ
˼ˣͷͻȻһ

ĺҡ꣬¥ʦ

λʦлڿڡ
ĺǡѹڶĻɽð

ĺҡⲻ֪֮νвģŻᵼԭѾȥ¥ֻ˹λʦ¥ĺǣѹڻɽ

¥罫ӵܾۼڻɽΪ˱ңĿģ

ö֪






135.  һʮ   ҲҪϲ


, ˼Ƭ̣ӦҳȥһҶǼһ
ǰҶһζĻɽ, ȴû֪Ҷɽ, ʲôġ

˵գת˲˺, ˵ʧ֮С

ĺҡ״жϳλҼΪڴϡ
ܹþ֮, ֻҪһþ֮Ĵ, ͿԽٴ˵ء

ĺҡĿһ˲
ΪʿѾþ, СʦΪԶڴ֮, ҲڵĻþ֮С

Сʦڽþһ˲Ѿ˻þ趨δչȴѡ

ĺҡ˼, ǸϣӰ֮ݷۺĴչľϲ

ֵʱһԺдһ븵һĴ
˻ڴ, ֪ǵϸײһͰǸˡ

˺һŽʧ
Ժ⴫ϸĽŲ

ĺҡתȥ, һ˽, һͷɥĸŸһ, Ȼһݺһٵģ

ĺҡסЦ, ˹ȥ, ղŸ, Ҹ˵˵ǰıʡ

һ, ΢˲עһϮµĺҡ⡣
Ȼʲֱѯʸһ⡣



һ׵װסֱԲʵһ, ǲĽҡʦã
仰ûаε˼

⧲֮±˼ĸһԭĨգڰ״ɼ˾īʡ

㡭ʲôһų

һһҲĸһδ

ðκ󣬸һѿ϶ǣϲҡʦ㡣
ҲҪϲҡʦ㣬һҪ£ظҼ

һ˳˼֮Уĵԭĺҡ˵ġ
֪ܵܲʲôʱϲĺҡ⡣

һЩ̫
ɵ˼Ƭ̣Ȼˡ
ĺҡ˾ž֮ˣѵֵϲ

žͬž޵Ķְ㣬ȥύһһĵ

ֻһϲһ͡

һ˼֮ʱһѿƼɵ飬ͻȻսЩ
һϸ֮󣬻ȻˣǲҲϲҡʦ㣿

ϲͣһ
һ̧һδ

һһɣ㱻Ҵʵ뷨ģСҾ˵һʼڽڽڽʱΪҪҡʦԪӤһսԭʱϲҡʦ㰡

һʲôϲ

һԣЩ˷ܡ
⻹һμһвĵطġ

ʲôϲ

һָϲǾÿˡҡʦÿ𣿡
һ˼Ƭ̣ϵһμĺҡʱĳܶ˶˵ĺҡˡ
Ҳȷ
ǣӦܺÿ

ϲǻһУϲʲô·ϲʲôʱȥеȡҡʦ𣿡
档һͷ
ǣݴΪҲΪı
Ľֵڰ뽣ǰġ

ϲڼʱ򣬻죡
һ˷˵ţŸһһϲҡʦ㡣Щϲĥ˺þãܽģҪǼһ⣬ҲŲЩؾ߸ء



ϲڼʱ򣬻죿
һעĺҡ⣬˼á

ĺҡһ˳˼֮УΪһ˼Ƴþķ
Ŀһ˲Ȼ䷢ֵָܶͦϲġ
գǺ˾һ㣬΢΢ε״̬޶һϧ֮⡣
⣬ֵܷġ۸ӶһЩֵֹ뷨

һԽһƼĺҡ⣬ϵıδɢ͵ͳҡʦ㣬ҵˣû˵Щʲô

ĺܺ۸ӡ
ĺҡƼǰ꣬ĵǼλϸ˵Ҫء

գĺҡޱȡ̹ȻĿڵû˵ʲô뿪һźܿͻˡ

ĺҡ˵أԶ֮ٶȴĲҼӰѷУת˲ߡ

Ѿܵĸһ븵һע⵽˸һƵĿ⣬۾գգ

Ҳ㣬ҰˣҲ޼¡
ҡСѾ֮˰
̲ס͵ڸɽżԼƬӵʱ䣬ܸϵ

Ҳ׼Ӹҳˣû֮ǰǧҪ֪𣿡

ص㿴һ
˴ǸһĻþ׳µľǸһˡ

תһĺҡ⣬ڼչܵܣͶἸξͺˡ

ҡСѣӾͰˡ

ĺҡ⿴һ޶ӵο飬һʱ֮䲻֪Ǹ𾪣Ǹʲôһֱˡ

ðκĺҡˣʦֵΪǵߵһˡ

Цɺ㡣
һԾ˼֮Уûô帵֮ԣֻӦš

齻֮󣬸գҲܸϵɽʱ顣
˵գСһﶼûκˣʧڻþ֮С

ĺҡŸʧ֮˳˼֮С
¥粼֣ܡ
Ȼ˵ҶһӾܸϵɽ¥ѵǰ

ĺҡĬȻʱ䣬ԼһӺ󣬲δκα仯֪ҶȻǱ·ϡ

ֵʱþ֮еĻȻ䱻˺һѷ죬ħ˽
Щħڼ֮䣬ͽĻ

ĺҡ̧ȥˡ
һ̧ȥʶ̽Ѹ̽˹ؼڵЩħһһĻþȫʴ롣

һʱƼĻ֮еħȻһֲ̫Ծĸо
Եʲô

ЩħʴġֻǸʦܵĻþ˿̻þ֮еʿҲٱħʴĺҡ²

¥Ҫħ
ħôħ嶼ģҪרɽѰʿרӵ޵츳ʿ֡

ĺҡ˼ţԺ֮кȻӹһĨ⣬׽ˡ
Ǵǰ˵֮ԡ
˵ҷʿħ֮󣬵츳٣ͺħΪһ

ȷ
ħҪ졣
ħһ꣬ѾǴ˾Ϊ

֪һ㣬᲻ɽ磬תѡħȥͶħأ
ħʲôأ
ǳ޹⣬ļ֮ʵ˺ܶܶеʵħѡ

ЩͶ·֮˵㲻ǻ

һתһʵһ𣿡
һʵһ㶣ɵҲһֱ𣿡

ĺҡƼһ״̬ڵֻӲⳡþˡ
һԣܿ˾Ӧá

ʱȻͬĽת˲˺˱ħڵĻ

þǿƿһ˲ĺҡԼٶһ䣬ʶЩ˵У˽ΪȥĿ

ͻȻ¥ǰ˵֮ʲô˼
겻ҵҪҵĺ¼ֵøãЩֵøá

¥Ҫֻþ֮Увͻᱻ˵ĻþС
һþ޷УǸɽ֮һϰʿϰٳþ

Щʿ֮У˭ʶ
ֻҪǵļ֮йĴڣ¥ܹЩĴڣӲˮ

¥صҪΪ˵ħֻҪЩ˵ļͿ֡

ΪˣСʦ͸Ҽǰʲôʱʲô
ֻܱһһĻþ֮УʱһþܲˣҪˣֻѡס

ķʲôأ
ħ

ĺҡѾתվˡ
ǰħ˾Ϊ˰ȥúܡ

һ䡣
ħǲرȱˣ
Ͼħˡ




136.  һʮ   ôܻȥ


Ļ֮, ħ翪
֮ȫޡ

һһʼͱħڵĻþ
ԴĽѩɢħ

ĽѩһѾȴˮڻþ֮С
ʲôҲ֪, Ψʶ֮һڸǰ, ǰߣʹ

ⲻƼһħ, ϶ħʴԴͷ׷

˾Ȼħˣ
һ˵, ôܹħ
Ϊ, ȴħ, ôԵڣôԵĽңôԵΪ˾ĽҴСĽѩ

ⲻĽѩ, ú÷÷ꡣ
Щ˺÷

ȥɱǡ
һĽѩʵ

ĽѩŰˮ
ʱ˸۵ٶȴеˮƺǸܵ˵뷨, ʼš

ĽѩħеİˮҲʴħڲ֪䷢˱仯

ĽѩǰȻһʯͷ, ֮һǳôħأΪ˾㣬˰ž޵, Ϊ˾, ϶ǽ洫ˡ
أ洫Ӷûù, ʲôã
׾ˣ

׾ˡ
ĽѩЩߴߴ, Ȼֹס
ɱЩˡ


Ľѩ̧ˮ, ׼ǸʯͷС, бħʴ, ֻȻ

ɱɱɱ
ĽѩڲϽţɱС
Сˮָţ, ͱˮк󱳣ʱ˵ڵء

ĽѩŰˮ˹ȥ
ˮ߸̧һ˲Ҫ̽С


ˮͻȻһֻסĽѩһ˲ŻתһϮµѩ

ҲҪֹң
Ľѩ˵ţֻŰˮ֡
ѩƸƣѪ˳Žȥ

Ľѩ֮ʣˤڵϵС͵˳ȥ

ѩ󽫰ˮſƽ㲻ɱˡ
ΪʲôҲɱˣ˵ңңǰе𶼹ϡ
˵˵ţĽѩͻȻȥʵʲô

ҵˣѵ֪ǸĽǰħҪ𣿡

ǲǾ͸úĽһһҹĽѩⶢѩ󣬳ʵ
ǡѩ󿪿ڵǵģ㲻

ΪʲôǶҪң

ѩۿ΢Ľѩ⣬һԼС
Ľѩʼͣ㽫˽ڻУ͵ͳĲ㣬ǡ

ѩˡ
Ǵ𣿡
ĽѩѩУ𽥰
ԾɢħЩħ˳ʴıѩ

ѩǻȻһ㣬ɽŻ֮ˡ
ȥָⴥĽѩ˳˿Ľѩ⣬˳׵׵İ

ѩ㲻µġ
ָǴЩħħ˳ָ⴦һһ˽ȥ
ȴûа㲻ʡ

һǡ齣ǡħֻҪ˵ĻͲ¡

ѩ΢΢תǹĽѩüģ͵ͳϲ𣿡
Ľѩһȴûг

ǲҲϲҵģ
ѩ˵ţָĽѩ󲱾
һԴּƿԵĶ

ĽѩɳҲ
ĽûˣѩѾˣֻб˴ˡѩƽ˵ţֻǱ˴˲ܵˡ

㻹ҡ
Ľѩ߬ѩ½ָŰס

Ұҵʲôأǰҵһ߶ѣһ֮֮ȥĹߡ
Ҫģֻһӵо츳ѡ

ѩָһĽѩ΢̧ͷĽѩⲻò޷ٶܰ֡

ǻȢŮˣҵĵ̡

ǸʱǾͲ˴֮ˡ
ѩĽѩⱻħڵʵ뿴ȥȢŮ𣿡

Ľѩ߬ѩ½
Ϸһڲϴߴţڸ˭ҲĶ

˭Ҳܡ

㲻ܡ㲻ȥȢŮˡ

Ľѩ㵱˵ģǱ˴޼ĴڣԲȥȢŮˣ

ѩʵԸҽµ֮𣿡
Ľѩָ߬ɿ߬
֮ãֻܹҵģԲȥȢŮˡ

ѩᴹβĨɫƷűһ㣬ұ
ȥסĽѩ֡

Ľѩ˲ŵǣҲûѧ֮
ûϵҿԽ㣬ȥѧѩ͵ܿѧġ

Ľѩ⿴ѩ
ǽյһ˫Уɢħͨ˼Ӵʴѩ֮䡣

ѩ󽫽֮һһ̸Ľѩ⡣
֮ʱĽѩɢħѾþʴ

ĽѩԼơ
׵ļܿѪ˳Ļѩ֮С

Ѫڵһ˲Ѫ๴ɵԼȳɡ
ĨѪ߷˳ֱĽѩѩ䣬ۡ

ĽѩĨѪߣɵǵ֮𣿡
ѩȥʱĨѪ֮߳ųӴ֮ǾǱ˴޼ˣ׵׵ģбˡ

ѩĽѩӵ뻳УҵҲģһ˵ģҲֻһ˵ġ

б˸ƿҵ
ԣһҪúúõģҵڰ

ʲô˼
Ľѩţ̧ȥѩ󣬺󾱺һʹʧȥʶ

ѩ˯֮еĽѩⱧڻС
̸Ľѩģǵ֮ȴҲ֮

һһν磬֮Уڻһ˫۾
˫۾֮ӣԭ˳˳ˮһ;
Ϊĺҡĺճĵ;
˲δǡ

˫۾ɱĺҡ⣬Լˡ
˫۾ɱĺҡ⣬˳ӣʧȥҪˡ

ҪˣֻĽѩ⡣
ƾʲôҪƾʲôҪ˫۾Ļ

ĽѩģԶҲġ
˭Ҳ߶ˣ⣬ҲС

ĺҡ⣬Ҫɱ
ħҲֻһ˵ġ

ȥνĻ
˫۾˵ħ֮󣬻ȥħ磬ͽеħƵȥħ硣

Щҿ̽Ľѩģͨͨɱ
ҪĽѩӡǡ

һ齣ħν
ҪһԼһǵԼԼĴڡ
һħֻҪˣͻԶ˵ĻħҲӵбĽˡ

ˣҲ
ˣ
ܱ⿪Լ

ô
Զġ

ѩĽѩ⣬Ľѩֱߵİˮ
˱ǰˮ˳ȥ

ѩȹİˮӦ飬׻γ

ѩþ֮еħɾˣĽѩ֮ħҲɾˡ

ȥֻ֮ң޷ñĽ뿪ڡ

㲻˵иͷʱȥڣȥںú

һġ

ҪúñԼҵ

Ļָ
׹£ѩ
һϮ±ħȾŨī㣬

ˡ
ѩͻȻЦβĨɫұ˹

ѩôأ
Ҫʹעȥ
Ҳᱻƿصġ
ֻĽѩġ

ѩָ⣬ĽѩⴽǴѪ
Լȳ֮Ľѩıˮױٺķɡ

ѩͷȥĽѩⴽߵѪ

ӴԺΪɶˡ
ôܻȥء






137.  һʮ   ԽԽϲá


, ɽ
һת˲˶

ʱĳһ˲ҶȻͣ, ڻɽһǰ
̧, ͣפڲԶǵӰ, ˹ȥ

ҶԼı
ƺϸŲվʯǰ˻ת, ǿҶ

ҵ˭, ԭʦ㰡
¥ɽ, ϸĻ졣

ҶǰɻẰʦֵˡ

¥һϮɫ, òٱĵīɫ, 䣬̲ء
ǳڰյħ֮УļǼ԰׵ɫ, ɫ絶ī, ¡

Ҷֻһ, Ժ֮бѸٻ˼ǧǰħʱ¥ģ, ͬûа
, ¥ħ, һħɱ˶ʮŵĴħͷ, Ҳħ⡢Īħ

, Щȫʦʱĳ
ҶȻü¥硣

ôˣ¥绹ǵһ˽, ǰЩħֻħ𣬻ħˡ
¥ְ

¥üͷһ˹ʦ֣ʲôҲмǧû˰ɡ

ҶȻ¥Ļ俪ڵ¥磬㽫ڴ˴Ҫʲô

¥ЦʦֲʶǸʦ֣ôǧȥˣǸΪһЩ֮˲ĵģ
𣬾ʦִѧ֣
Ϊʦ֡
ǣȥʦ֣ǰţǰš
꣬ѾǴ˾ʿˡ

ǣ䲻Ĵߣò硣
һʼҲΪġ

¥̧ȥһΪʦֻʣôģͻƵʱѾ׷ɽ磬ȥħģ

Ͼ̨ʦۿұġ
¥ƽ˵ţûа

Ҷ¥磬¥һ仰Ĭһ˲ڵλģ
¥Цʦһ룬̨˭ֽҷģ

Ҷȥ롣
һȥϸ룬ͻǣѾȥǰˡ

¥ȻҶԼϵʦʦԶ֡
죡Ҷǵ

¥˿һС㣬ʦֲʲôƫҪʲô
ʦַû֮󣬲Ļɽ̽ʦѵûзЩʲô𣿡

Ҷԣ˳Ĭ֮С

꣬ʦ̨ҷģҲʦ˵氵ֽţŹҵģҲʦźһУ֪˲ʹ˰ݣԼ֮ĺȡ֮ȥѹڶ֮¡

Ҷɫ΢
ٶȱȻ˵ꡣ

¥类ʬڽڡ
˻ģֵòɿЩ˲ҪһҪԺеҪеǶɱδܳɳ֮ǰ
ˣǻҪɱһʵĺӡ

˺һ֮ڣʹðٷϾ˵ɽٶ뼸ĺƽ֮С
ߣϽڡ
Ҳһ꣬ʦ˱Ƶлˡ
ԭڡʦ̳һɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ

꣬ǽ΢
ڱɱʦ֮ٶҪ¥ĺѹڶĻɽҪ¥ѹڶģΪ¥ȥ޹֮˶л

Ҷ뵽ʦǰ˵Ļ
ʱ򡭡ʱʦͲµ֮ޱȷľٶŻǰźԼĺǴ棬ѹڶĻɽ

Ҷ޷ȥ룬Ҳȥ롣
벻ʦ̨ǰ¥֮ʱ뷨Ҳ벻ʦڱ˱ɱǰ뷨

¥ұʦϳΪٴ֮󣬾˵ʦЩӱƵл֮£˵˽νĺѹڶ֮£Цл

ʱʦ¥翴ǰǿʯ̣⻹ҵһοһʯء

ҶԣĿǿʯϣɫ΢
һΣĻɽʱߵһڣ˲δʯ̡

ԭĽǸСһͶ·֮£˴ڴˡ

ҶʵĽ֮£ģ
ֻһħҪԸݾѡ

¥翴ʯϵ֣͵ͳʦ֣㿴ĽѩڵѾ͸α

֪ʧ֮˻޶£ҪͻĴѰ
Ϊ½ҵЩˣЩα˽˰

Ҷ侲ⲻħɣҲ޹ɱʮŵɡ

¥עЩԽʯϵ֡
˼ʦȥ֮ʱħ붫ıԵһС

Сﴩһķ۰ȹ
һ۾Ͳ³˴ǰ顣

ĽҵСΪ˱ãԼõѽ
ЩħȫעԼϡ

СٵǰԾŽ
ĵ⻹һ޽ĺӰ
ʱδСǡ

ĺҡǱʲôĶѹȥ
ĺҡǣεСٿҲῴһۣ˵˸ȥˡ
Ͼ˭ҲһδɱԼвڷԼߵġ

¥δĺҡ֮£Ѿע˵ġ

Сﱻȥ֮СﱻĻԴʧȥ˹䡣
һΪħٵ˼ҵĽСʧȥ˼䣬ȴײħ磬ЦֺȤ

ѡҡ⡣
ĽСҪѡʲô֮СĻش

ҡ⡣
ͽĺҡ⡣

ĽҵСħ磬һµ֡
ĺҡһεߣʳħǰΪߴħ֮һ

ڣһ޸֮СҪħﻷŵĻʳ֮УߴħҡħĳƺţǾͲÿǵˡ
ħ֮Уǿʳ档
һħܿµħ֡

ֻҪϷͺˡ
СħжȨ߱ɱԡѪ
СԼ±շԼȨ
Сڶ̶֮ͳΪħ֮˸۵ҡħ

СﾹȻˡ
Ϊˡ
ԭֻصɽ磬ʦŽڣΪ˽洫ӡ

ɽǵʱ˵Ǵһһ޷Խ漣

¥ڶĻɽǸ֮ʱһԭǿЦ⡣
Ǹħ֮ȷѪСصɽ磬޷⻪ľޡ

ԽԽϲˡ

ɽħҶ״ԥȻ¥֡

¥ۡ
ûнħ֮Īħ

¥絭ʦ֣ù𣿡

ҶӦģֻһ






տնһһĻþ

Ѿĺҡ⾭ĵʮһþˡ
ĺҡӶ⽣ĵҶûܹһڸϵ˴ضǱ¥粼µĺָסˡ

þٶһ䣬ĺҡⱻһµĻþ֮С
⽣տٶȻӳ

ĵʮþ˲飡

һþǵʮþ
ĺҡƼ⻷ٶһ䣬˼Ƭ̡

ʮþ̫ɺϡ
¥᲻ʲôر֮ϾҲ˶ܹʮþȫȻġ

ĺҡ⿴³ֵĵʮþѸжϳʮþĵصںδ

ڣ
ﾹȻǽڡ

þǽһӡ
ĺҡĬȻ˵
߳ȥַܿЩĲ֮ͬ

ⳡþ֮еĽڲĽڡ

ĺҡ΢ת߹¥磬δ

¥Ļþ






138.  һʮ   ʦ֣ˡ


ǧǰĽ, ĽЩͬġ
ĺҡ⿴¥֮ʱʼʶ˼ǰ¥羿ûӵԼʶ

С
ĺҡԼóⳡþ
¥绹ǽ洫ӵʱûأʱĻþôܻĴڣ

ĺҡ, ߹¥硣

ʱ¥ò, üƵī֯, Σ, 
Ҫ, ¥û, Ѿ˼ǧˡ

ĺҡվڲԶ, ¥ʰ׶ϣԽ, Ԫ㳡
¥ûвĴڡ
ת¥ԶȥӰһ˲, ȥ

Ԫ㳡֮ʱĺҡŸƵʵ, գۡ
¥߹Ԫ㳡֮ʱ, ⲻе¥к

¥뿪֮, ĺҡԪ㳡ϵĵС̸š

¥ʦֺ, δѾȡ󼰵ĳɾ͡
ھҶʦֺ¥ʦ˦, ¥ʦѾЩӵΪߵˡ
¥ʦֽΪ֮, Ϳλų֮ˡ

ĺҡӵĽ̸, ΢ǰ
Ҷ¥ͬΪ΢µӣΪʦʦܵĹϵ¥ʱӦ΢塣

ĺҡ¥һþ, һμҶ¥λʦҲ΢
Ҳ˼ǧǰҶʱҶ΢Ĵʦ֣һַɻ

ĺҡƽ֮Ľ̸˽⵽ʱɽϹʱħ֣Źȥǧꡣ
ɽаٷϾˣ˽΢Ҷ¥Ϊ΢˫ǡ
ڵڣҲֻкλƴϿ֧άš

¥粻꣬㽫Ϊ˷۷塣
ĳַǴʿһϣϹʱ֮ǧлƽʢĿˡ

ҶƽǳϹʱĩڵʿ
ֻ¥硭ֻ¥Ϲʱ֮һӵо츳ʿ
¥ǣڽһ;˳˳ˮ
˶ţ¥֮󣬻ԽԽеĺӡ

ʵ֤¥֮󣬰ȷһõӡ
Щڲ̤֮;ʱ򣬾ͱĺƽ˻δɳ֮ǰ
ĺҡ⿴ŲԶ¥磬ĬȻ˵

Ҳһολǰħ˾ı
һͬǻûɵĳͨڣϸط·ҫ֮£Ĺ

ıʺ佣ĳ

¥Ǳ֮ʱĺҡ֪Լ⽣΢΢һ
Ҳһ˲¥ӳгĴڣȴ׼ȷĽɨ


ĺҡ˿ͬʱ⽣ǻӳ¥Ľײڴ˵ط

¥粻ֻӳһ̽ȴû뵽ڰ
Լӳǵײ֮Уײʲô㣬ת˲ʧ

¥˼Ƭ̣ٴγȥ
̽ʽ֮¥Ѹȷڰ֮˵Ϊ
һ񾳽ʿʹʲôط˵ģ

ĺҡ¥粻ٳ̽㽫⽣

¥Ŀţת˲Զͤߣ˳˹ȥ
ʱ;Լʦںͣ˽Ų

ʦܣʦȥһ΢
¥תתĿٶͤǰʦ֣ˡ

Ҷ⣬תԼʦܶŵķ򣬳ɵ˭Ұ˭ˣ
뽣ڵһСһ
¥˵ţȴûô⣬תԼʦȥ΢

֮¥緢ÿԼȡԼı֮ʱܹǵڲԶӰ
ˣҲˣȴܹܵ˵Ĵڡ

˻ýűѩϢ
¥²Ӧˮϵص˵˵Ǳ

¥ܶ˵Ľȴֻ˿Ľеĳܹս⡣
Ѿܾûҵĸоˡ
ʦѾ򲻹ˣȥʦЩǣֲ̫á

£Ѿûһͬһܵˡ
Ǹָͬܡ

ǣ¥һˣ֮Ĵ߶һ顣
ûԷ۷ΪɽеĴʿ

¥Է۷Ϊɽϡ֪ΪߵĴʱĺҡ˳Ĭ֮С
⣬¥ڶɹ֮ٺ󣬾Ҫȥˡ
ӻʱ򣬾Ѿħˡ

ĺҡ˲̫ȷԼܲܿ¥ĳ

ûգ¥Ͷɹ˴֮١
ڱʿԣ֮ٷһǵ¥˵ⳡɽٲǴһܶѡ
Ӯˣһ֮پɢȥˡ

¥Ϊʿһգ΢Уĺҡ΢¥˵磬ȥСʦ棬㵹ãȥɽеĴ߶һ顣

¥ʦˣҲû׼ǸСʦƭ˵ġ

˵
ûȥңֻȥˡ
ĺҡⱳ΢ǰһӣ¥Ļʶ˵

΢ִԼԼ¥߳΢ĽŲ

ĺҡע¥˹
ڻþʱ䣬Ƿˣ¥ʱܸܵĴڣʱֲܸܵĴڡ
ʱĹؼڡ¥ûı

ۼ¥羶ֱĺҡʶ¥տҲ˫֡
Ƭ̣ûκζ

ʱ¥𽥱ƽ֮ʱĺҡŲһ˿֮
¥һûȡıƺѾܹˡ


ĺҡ΢е⽣ָ¥硣
¥绺߽ʱ⽣֮ͣ˽Ų

ڲýҲܹܵĴˡ¥૵ôãʲô
ýȴֲǽڵˡ
ȥҹеĵӣûзһˡ

˿¥˿΢ǰһ
¥Ȼ²òϹʱĲлɣߣ̽ҵܣȻöռҵ壿

ĺҡԣ۽΢һ顣
û뵽ǰλǰħ˾ʱ뷨Ȼôѵġ

Ϊ϶ҲܵĻ񾳽硣
¥ĳĬһ˲˼Ƭ̣ҵΪԽԽߵʱһܿˣʱҶҪһܡ
ϹŲлҸһЩ

ڣҪȥˡ¥
˵գ¥ת뿪
վǰǵӰ

ĺҡƬ̣뵽˺֪δǾȥ
¥ڽ״֮ȥ˻
ٳʱ򣬾Ѿħˡ
֮󣬱ɱʮ֮¡

þƺ¥˳׼ģʼþ֮ʱͳȥþûá
֪Ϊþ˵Ϊ̫ߣǱʲôԵɡ

֮⣬þƺ̫ʵˡ
ʵȫһþˡ

ǰþټ٣ʵʵܻó
¥þȫû֮

ĺҡԼЩԾ
񡭡Ҳ






139.  һʮ   ֻƺΪǡ


¥, ͬĺҡ֪ЩֻƬ㡣
ûãɽоѾݲˣʼȥѰͨ;

û, ¥ɹҵͨ·, ȥĻ
ѰͨͨĹУ¥һֱ߶߶, ֱͬһûһĻһ㡣
ĺҡģǴ¥˵硰ΪԽ, һҪܡΪʲôһֱҡ֮Ļ

ĺҡ¥, Ƽһ¥, ֻ¥Ϊħʱ, ɵЩ¥Ǹ¥ͬһ

¥磬Ī, ƶˣĺ
ʱ¥磬д, Ϊ֮ӵİš

һеĸı䣬ȫԴ¥ȥһ˻

ĺҡŲԶŰĻ, ˳Ĭ֮С
ʱĻĻûʲô
¥һ֮, ˺, ܳһͨ, ͨĻ

ĺҡԭһȥ, ̽¥統ħ, ȴû뵽һ, ɽ֮С

ĺҡܿʶĻΧֻɽڣȥ

¥ͨ, ̤⣬ŵǵӰͣ
תȥǵԼԼӰͣɽУü΢һ

ΪԽߣԽܿӰˡ
˴һϮ£ӦһŮӡ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱ¥˻
̧ȥ

¥վŲĿעӶǲǲȥ򰡣ûϵҴӻ֮гһܿˡ
ʱ㲻ͬҴܣҲ׷㣬ֱͬҴΪֹ

˵գ¥ٴתͷҲص߽˻֮С

ĺҡգۣĬȻ

ǧǰ¥ȥ϶˺üġ
ⳡþԣգ۵ʱ䣬ĺҡͲڻ֮ǿϢ

һӰת˲ӳӻ̤ɽУĺҡǰ

ĺҡⶢ¥磬δȴĲ¥ǰ֮еƽȻͬˡ

ԭ㰡
¥һϮۣ֯ݼѪۣ֪Ǳ˵ģԼѪ
Լĺҡ⿴¥һ˫֮еɱ

¥̧ĺҡ⣬ɫҵĺҡ⡣

ĺҡǾ䡰ҡ⡱֮ʱƬ̣Ȼ̧ǰ¥硣
Ժ֮Ѹӹʱϸڣüͷⲻǻþ

ʱ䳤ݣ˼ǧǰ
¥ʱ䳤ݵһص

¥һþ¥þӦܹüΪԽԽߣܿӰ

þ֮У˶
ĳĺҡֻΡ
һǽڽϣͨʱ䳤ӣһμݷ۵ʱ
һ̨۵֮ʱ

ǣ¥ΪԲܻݷۻߡ
һεʱݣ¥һʼĿĴڣܹӰ¥ʱЩʲôı仯
Ϊħ¥Ѱ׷ͨĳطʱݵڼ䣬һص˵ꡣ

¥ͬҶһܣ˴Լ֮ǰĲã˳ϣǹص˴

Դȥ˻֮¥һֱ֪Լȱʧһμ䡣
ʼΪΪԼħµĺ֢
ɺþһа취޷һμ䡣

˼ǧʱãʱսʱһԼμ䡣
ԭʱһϹŲлꡱ

ǺһֻشϷ
ǧǰһϹŲлꡱһֱŵгһԼΪ㹻ǿˣܹϹŲлꡱӰ
ϹŲлꡱӵһҲġ
һֱҪͬϹŲлꡱһܣһԸߵ͡

ʱһкıѹٻ֮ʱμ䣬Ҳ޷ٸ֪ϹŲлꡱĴڡ

ǧһСۿΪ΢֮ʱٵִһȨҡħ
Сħ磬ɽеĽޣΪ˵жԡ
ٺСͨǹصʱ䳤֮ϣ֤ɽе;˳˳ˮĽޣһһѣΪɽĴħͷ

ͬǣȴȻͬĵ;
֪֮һŢȤһЩأһʼ֮УȻһһ۷ȤһЩ

¥ȻЦ¡
ݼѪڣħŰɽУЩħԵΪͻأ

ĺҡһ˲¥ɱ⣬΢ɱҵġ
¥ԣĺҡ⣬ôɱأô꣬òײҵˣôܻɱ㣿

ĺҡĲ¥绰֮еĹؼڵħ֮󣬶μȱʧ㾹Ȼ֪ģ

¥粢żڲԼָȾϵѪĵҵȻ֪ǲ֪ô᲼һ֣

ֱ˿̣ĺҡڲžǰ¥Ϊħʱ
ÿһʱ֮УֻһԹߣһƳݷϹʱ޾绪Ҳ֤ǰħ¥ʱ緢

ʱһּĪ⡢ֹ嫵
˶ʱߣֻ˳ӣ޷淴

ĺҡ뵽Լ
Ƕʱ淴

ֵʱɽٽ˴Ĵ߲ħڣת˲˴
¥翴ĺҡ⣬ڵһֱңǲ֪ڻħԭ򣿡

Ц£ֻǿϧˣʱݵǵֲģ޷ڴʱ֮С

ĺҡԣ
¥ϵħɢܿ콫

¥Է۷Ϊսʱɽедߡ
˿ĴҲ¥°ܽħ¥ʱһ¥磬Ϸʲô
ôúһʿδڣ޶ħˣ

¥˵ϣӹһ˿֮ɫ

ĺҡ⿴¥ֺݾʮУͽλߡ
ûмħ¥磬ħǧꡢħħ¥硣
¥ԵˣǺԥĺġ

¥մȾ˸Ѫ
ЩѪ˳ָ⣬ȥ

¥⣬ƽĳħ֮ɱĵһˡ
Ŀ⣬վڲԶĺҡ⣬ҵĺҡ⣬Ȼˣͼȥɡ

ĺҡƽ¥磬ʵΪʲôҪɱղżʱ򣬲ûкԥĳ֣㡣
¥磬ʲôŻħġ

ңʼǧǰħǸң
¥̧þԼָѪ
ĺҡ¥磬¥粢ûý֪ǲΪıѾˡ

㡣ĺҡ
¥Цɱ˾ɱˣʲôɣһħ֮ˣɱ𣿡

ĺҡĬȻ
¥ʵˣǹȥδ
ʵûʲôġ

֪ʷǹȥʵʵġ
һ̣Ҳڼ֤Źȥʷ

ΪһԹߣѾˡ
һһֱûн⡪ем

ǹȥ¥ħԼʧȥһμ䣬һɱ
δħ¥ʱ򣬻ص˸ħʱ֪δ£ɱ

ԣԹ塣
ʷǸ˿ģûб˻ȵ˸ʲô
¥صδ֮󣬾ͻйؼˡ

һᣬһֻء
ƾֵĹؼڹδһա
¥һɱصδμǧֻء

¥Ͽֻء
ֻأ
һһֻƺΪǾ޵һʼģδָںʱ

Ҫֻأ






140.  һʮ   Ҫ񡭡


ĺҡעŲþѪ¥, ħŰ
λѾĴ֮⣬ʱûб˷Ѿħ¥硣

¥˳ȥ
ĺҡվԭĿ⡣
, ¥Ҫȥˡ
Ҫɱʮš

¥ĺҡⲢûи, ȴûлͷ
˺գͨ, ת˲ٶľڡ

ĺҡվԭתԼʼ޷ȥĻ
֮, ȥ˶ġ

ﶫʱ, ҹɫٵʱ
ҹˮ, ׺
һҹ, ȴһɱڽС

ĺҡⳢԹȥѪ֮еŵӸָ⴩˵, ȴʼ޷ӡ

¥ͣеĶа㣬ͷ
վʯ֮, ߸ϣȥ, ΪƽעվʯǰǵӰ

֮ǰ, ǽ洫֮ʱ, ֪ǵϹŲлꡱĴ, ҲϹŲлꡱģΪ, Ը, Ϊʲôߵ, Ľεġ

ϹŲлꡱ

ԽˣԽǵ

ʱʧȥμ䣬͸֪һбصˡ
˼ǧʱ, һ֣ݵ꣬ҵϹŲлꡱ

ϹŲлꡱ

ԭ㰡

¥ָɱ֮Ѫ
ƽ΢ͼȥڵϵӣָ⴩塣

Ϊĺҡ΢Ķ¥Ƽһĺ½ᴹȥΪվֱ¹ӹһĨ⻡

ŵĵ볤ȫ¥ɱˡ
ĺҡƼ뿿ʯϵΪѪһ

һ˲̧ȥ¥ʯһһ
¥߹ĵڶʮš
ħ֮߹·ʬɽѪ

ɽܿӭµһա
է֣Ӱǻ

¥߹ڶʮʱԲԶ磬ڶľڵĴߡ
Щ߿ħɱһһŵʿ¥ʱ¶ͬ𾪵顣

ܿ죬д߷Ӧǳ¥ħ;֪־ܣ
ҲдƼ¥磬΢Ѷý

¥粢ûᣬĴ߶Թһƺת˲˺ȥ

¥ܹùһߣʱ޷ȫࡣ
߹ţЩ֮˵Ѫ¥ԼѪ
ڶΧ֮£¥ˡ

¥߹ĵʮһš
¥ʮʱɽеĴ߶ˡ
ʦ΢
ҲվڲԶĺҡȫȻû¶

ĺҡ⾲ģһϸԹߡ

磬Ͼʲô΢üҲԵ޹Щ顣

ûʲôԭ򡣡
¥ɱ˶ʮŵˣһγʦ㿴ΪѾǴ֮ˣħҵĺô

¥૵ħߵøԶ
΢ǳ˵˵

¥Цһ¡
Ƽ˵Լ˵Ǿ仰ʱڳڶߵ仯
ѡţɣȴҲԼ¶˻Ȼ顣

¥翴ĺҡ⣬ĺҡ鵭ģǰһ鶼޷Ȥ㡣
ڴ˿ͻȻһּӵ뷨
Ҫ߸ԹһеһѪŢ֮С

¥Ѿмǧδйǿҵĳ嶯ˡ
һ̣صԼħʱֻЩʱ￴ǸĪġϹŲлꡱʱĵФ롣

ڶߵΧ֮£¥ڵʮʱսúǱ
ɾˣдߵ£˳ȥ

ĺҡ¥ɱĵʮʱȻһֻһѡ
ʶ̧⽣ȥ


ħת˲ĺҡ䣬ֹĶ

ĺҡ⻺̧վǰ¥磬ʲô
ǰʮ֮У¥綼ûжʲô۶ӣڵʮʱҪˣ

ң¥ʱķʽǲһġ
һԹߡ
¥һʷ֮еģʱ䣬صͬǳΪʱε¥硣
Ӧġ

ڣ¥ħֹĶԼʱ䳤
벻ͨ벻ͨ¥ʲôּΪؼʱ֡

¥Ŀתضĺҡ⣬Ц£͵ͳˣЩʲôǺܿϧ

ĺҡô¥ֵµˣ˼Ƭ̣²⵽¥뷨
¥֣Ҳ뵽һɱ֮С

ĺҡΡ

¥˳ƶΪ˳嵽Եӡ
ӲΪΪ赲ħͷȫȻ˼ԼΣ

Ѫ¥һϮīϣЩѪҫ¿ò
һѪԽ⣬䵽ĺҡһ½ϡ

ĺҡⴹȥעŽ½ǴѪ
¥ԼѾ˼ֻΪ˽ɱʱѪϡ

˶Ƿӡ
¥Ƿеķӡ

ĺҡһʱݣһεʱȴʱΪһˡ

ûƫģݷƫġ
һҲ¥Ĺȥ

¥ʹĺҡߣÿɱһˣѪνܻһιɺϵѪĺҡϡ

ĺҡע¥Ķ˳Ĭ֮С
ߵȥ˾͸ȥһ㣬һĺ
ʲôҲˣҲ֪һʱΪʲôôã

ĺҡ⻳ɹ¥ڴ
Ͼ¥綼ܹͨʱݵصǧʱ

ʮеĵӿ챻¥ɱˡ
ĺҡ⿴¥һһĵӣܵ¥ϵɱ¾ԽԽء

˴ʱɽмеĴ߶
һ¥֣ս¥ƷԾ޴ס¥ֽţ޷ӳȥҲ޷ٶð

΢¥˽ڡ
¥ǽ洫ӣҪͷҲֻɽִС

ĺҡصʱڽ濴ʿ
Щʿ϶ŷŭı飬뽣ڵӶŽ
Ҫڸı¥ʮһ

¥ǣҲ

̨
¥ڱĵϣڴֵֽ֮䡣
ǲ㣬ࡣ

г϶̨ߡ
գЭˣص˽뽣̨ǰ¥类

΢վ̨УԼյĵΪ˽
֮ӣŢ

ô̰
Χ̨ߵʿ̲סµ

¥̧䣬ĵƳʿ

ʿͱ죬һ¡
¥ѾǽˣôܹΪ¥һأ

¥עվ̨ϵĺҡ⣬⾲ġ
գǰĺҡ⻹̨߽վǰԶ

¥繴´
˿ˣȴֻ¥ħ֪ڸġ

ĺҡΪ¥ĴŹġ
¥紫˵֪ڻ֮оʲô𣿡

ڻпʲô
¥紫лʲôǳħ

ĺҡû˵
ûôˣħ

֪͸һħ磬Ҿ͸ڻ֮пʲô

ĺҡԣ滹˼һ¡
ǲħ֮ʲôȻ޷֮ģֻħ˵࣬Ų췣

ɵĺҡ⿴¥٬ʱȻͶˡ
˾ˣ졣

գĺҡƽƽĳħôȱˣҪħԳ𣿡

¥û뵽ĺҡ˵һһγ֮⡣
̶һ˲

ǰȱˡ

ĺҡ⿴¥硣
̨վȫǰʿ¥˿̵ȴɵĮǶһж㡣
ǾһΣԲ⣿

磬ңħǲʲôһԭŻᵼħġ
ʱʱ΢Ծɲ¥Ե޹ʵɱˡ

¥粻΢

˵ȵòͷˣʽڣΪλ¥ħͷ

΢ִ֣¥֮䡭
¥ѾħѾħ

΢Լ¥֮Уȥ¥һΪ
¥Ѫֽ֮Ѫ̨ϣճһһѪߡ

ĺҡעЩѪߣڴвԼϤ
ԭڽþ֮ǰǷ̨ǽڼǧǰ̨

¥Լơ
˫ִǰմȾ˶ʮеӵѪմȾ˵Ѫ

̨΢һǺ½
¥ָ߬ס½ǣȻ߬ɿʹĺҡԭѾʩྻٶȾЩѪ

ĺҡע¥Ķ룺ʱ¥Ǻ뽫һˮٵͷҪѾһ
Ȼصʵħ¥ԲŹ

¥ˡ
̨ϣѪ˳̨ϴϵĻƶʪˡ

ĺҡһֱվ̨ߣû뿪
֪¥λġ

ҹ̨ϵ¥羭»շɺ
ĺҡȷ¥ʦĴû֡

˵棬΢޷¥
»ˮ¥ϡ

ʱҹɫ룬ĺҡȻ̧ҹĻ֮йŵķǡ
ҹĻȻӿһص»һշ¥

ԼƬӺĺҡ̨ϼϸ΢ĺ
¥͸ˣڴ˿ֻ̣˹

ĺҡ΢ߵ¥֮ʱһӰҲ̨ϡ
»ĺҡתȥ˵ݣ¥ʦ΢

ĺҡȥ΢ݼı飬㿴΢һҲ֪¥ֻ˹

΢¥ϸ΢ĺվ̨ϣá
ĺҡվ΢棬΢̶̵ʱһ

գ΢ȻǱ̷ĵ֮Уɱһ¥缫ΪƵ滻¥磬̨ϡ
΢õطֻάգ˷¥Ѿ滻ˡ

һк΢ŻԲѵ¥뿪̨
ĺҡעͶ»Ǹܵǹص
¥

ԴͷҹĻǸԶԶ⡣
Ǵӻ֮Ͷ¥

лʲôǳħ
¥ԭ

ԣ¥ڻ֮ʲôͬеʲôһף

ĺҡ˼á
ûãˡ
¥˵һ仰Ҫ䣬Ѿǵһˡ

¥󣬲֪ǴӺʱεشһϢ˵Ǳضħġ
Ҫ߽츳ĺӸɱˣԷǽħ񶫻ĺƽɱ
Ǿõн츳ĺӣпǡ
ɴɱҲŹһ

˺ԿʼݱΪҪɱʵĺӣֱҪɱиճĺӡ

¥ħ֮£һӶѣصķ
ڲɵӳȥסЩӣֹЩɱ˵ʿ
ͬʱ˱Ͻڣ΢л

¥Ǹħͷ˻̵ħͷ˻ûء
΢Ҳõõͷ

ĺҡǰ˷Բɽһǣ˶ˡ
¥뽣֮ʱΪ¥ǿһлƽʢȴû뵽꣬еĻƽʢ˶ƾزۡ

֮УÿһܹһʮҲֹʿǷ˷ĶɱЩճĺӡ
ɽеʥأȴΪɱ¾֮ء

һ˷˻ˡ
ɵ˶˴˻˭أ

ĺҡȻˣΪξϹһսѾȥˣɽȴûлָϹʱĻԻ͡

¥Ҫһ
Ҫ䣬Ѿǵһˡ

¥Ҫģĵڶη衣
һ֮Щٵкۼ޴Ӳ֤

һεķ裬ӦϹʱ
޴Ӳֻ֤ܴʷֻƬп̽һ

ݼسƣϹʱħħħ壬ͬɽ硣Ϲϵս£սħħ
Ȼ䣬ħδս⡣

ǡЩܲأ
Щ֮󣬺ò׻صɽ硭

ĺҡ΢
Ķȥ⣬һжأ

˶ɱ񣬷˷أ
ǻ˵Щʲô
ǻôȥԴЩ֮صɽĴܣ
ǻ᲻ΪյľȥģǶŴǵħ

ΪСʦ߳ѩԭأ

Сʦ桭
ĺҡ૵

һΣϴڴʱ䳤еϸ졣
ʱ䳤ӵʵ֮֮С

һʱݣ˴ʱĻ
¥ȥ˻ħˣɱ˶ʮţ˱Ͻڣ΢лǶɱ˴˺ʮгĺӡ

ĵڶη裬ڽˡ
ȴ˼ǧֱ꣬һе˼ˣųƽϢ

ǽڵĵ̨ýңҿǵ˭ħΪأ

㾿˭

ĺҡԶʣȻ̧ȥһϮ೤۵¥硣

ĺҡߣѹҶ
Ҷĺҡѹתɵֵĺҡ⣬㲻Ǳһȿƻþ㻹һþ֮Уһѡ

ôڱѵû

ĺҡԣᴹȥĻþֶ֮ɹʮþֱڲŻ

Ҷһ⻰ʱˣôܱԴΪر𣿡
þһҲ𣿡

ĺҡĬһ˲ĿҶԶԡ

һûи𣿡
¥ǻȻ㣬ͷָĵӡ
֮䣬̨ϡ

̨дǰĽѩѪЩѪ֮л޴׹̨еס

ǿһֱ˵ĴħͷǱ𡣡





141.  һʮһ   ⲻձ


ĺҡ¥ⷬ, ɵתȥ۲Ļ
⻹вʿԾɳԼĻþ֮У޷԰Ρ

ĺҡ⿴Ծɳڻþ֮еĽѩ, һ˲
֪¥Ϊ֮, Ϊʲôʮþ֮, ûĽѩĻþ
ΪĽѩĵĽѩ֮£

ĺҡⷢĽѩħȫʧˡ
Ľѩƺһȶ״̬֮С

̨, ӱѪס, ޷, ֻܰڱĵϡ
ټǿдӻþ֮ѳ, ⵽˷ɣʱ޷ʹ

Ϊ¥Ƿ, ڳ֮ѾѻþƵʿԼͬһ
ǧǰǸɱ˶ʮŵĴħͷ
ħͷȻţ
˵ڵ꽫ħͷ׷ôܻ

¥羲ڵϵӣַ, һħѸסӵĲӡ
ĵĳ˵˵ħΪʲôģ

ӽ, ˵
˵, ɽ, ˡ

ħӵĲ, һһ֮С
¥һַħ
һȫȻûõķħ֮, ʲôȥˡ

ħҲʲôﶼյġ

Ӱ̨, Ϊ, ͺ졣

¥ƺƳӵ˼ּ䣬ħ֡
ħӿӵ֮, ĵʹϮֹסڵϴŹ
һ˲ЩħУӵ

˶߻ʹĵ˻Ȼת֮˾ûˡ
Ѫɢ̨УʹԭʺѪ߸Ӻˡ

¥գۣµĳڣһƣǰ뷨ʲô
˵䣬̨⸡ֳ˿˿ƵĹ⣬ۼ

֮ǰļ䱻˳̨ϡ

Ҳ˵ôֽ֪Ҹƽؾ֮С±֪ˣҾ군ˡ

˳Ĭ֮С
ðκ૵Ҽǵ˵ĸ磬ǰһСҵؾ֮䣬Ǹҵλò䵽˵ϡ

ҵϵҵϵĵλȻǲһġ
Ȼ˻ΪһҵϵλöжԼ׸֡

֮һˮúܡ
ҲҼˡ

ԭΪôһɰ
¥ȻΪʲô˲õء

Ϊôһɰ
仰ڴУй֮˲óȻͷ
һʱ֮䣬Ȼ˸ǰ¥硣

𡭡


Ⱥ֮УʶʲôȳԳΪ𡭡
ħħ𣡡

ɱ˶ʮŵĴħͷûΪħĪħ

˵ⷬʱ˺˳Ĭ֮С

¥翴ݵʿβ΢΢ٱݼ¶ϲð㡣
´ôһ̨ˣ;ˡ

ָ¥ħħĵɫ΢һ䣬תܡ
ôܣҲ첻¥ħ

ħ˰˻̨ϡ
¥ΪĵĳʵԼ˵أҰ˵

һӵǰ֮ʿæشԼ˵Լ˵
ҵħǡִʱ򣬺⼸һüһ˴˵Ϊӣһͷޡ

ʿаĵطһִǼ˶˳
¥Űħת˲ͼܵǼʿץ˻

¥ƽãǼиͬȻҪͬС

繩˵ʿɫ͸żֲº˻鷳
Ǽ˱ħץ˻ƿڴæҳϡ
һ֪ʦҲ¡

¥µţħɢԽԽץ̨ϡ
ֱ̨ҲŲ±ˣųǾãô

ץ̨ϵʿҡ
Ȼòľʹ˸ŭħͷҪ䣡
ߣʼħˣԸ⣡Ըħȥħ磬ħʹ

¥絭ɱҪôˡ
ǣ̨ϵʿʼɱ
ɱֻʣһվ̨ϡ
մͬѪڱ̨ϡ

¥粢ûȥ̨ϵһˣƽתʵ˭֪˷ʲô𣿡
վ̨ʿ¥Ŀɨ˳֮С

˭һأ
¥ţսĿ䵽ĺҡϣƽڳ֮ÿʿɡ

ͷúÿȻҲһִˣ
ԣԼͬתĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ˼ţͶĿ⣬̧ȥԶ¥磬ղ¥⡣
Ŀ䵽̨ϵǸϣֹסҡͷ૵ûûʲôҲû

ҡⰡ˵˵˷ʲô
¥һּΪĺҡѯʵ

ȴûʲôԾġ
ӸղЩÿһˣħ׼ȷץסǸ˵λħû׼֪ڳ˵֡

ĺҡ⿴ŲԶħ¥硣
λħһġϲˮ

ĺҡƽħЩˣղָ˵Ϊŵӵλã˼ͬʦ֡

¥ԣȻԭˡ
䣬̨ϵʿ˲仯ΪѪ̨

һ˭أ
¥ţ̨ΧѰһҪ̨ˡ
ǲŷƵģڵ֣ڻվŵֻʮ˰

ĺҡת⣬µʮ˵УȫʢῪʼһ޹ʻùʯͷЩˡ
ԣڳлʯͷˣ¥Ŀꣿ

ħµı׼ͦߡ
Ҫ츳ãҪɽеĵλߡ
ڳµУȫǽڵ洫ӡ

ĺҡ̨ġħûԼ̨̤ȥԼ

Ҷħ𲻻ĺҡ֮ʱ¥תһϮµĺҡ⣬ȴǼΪĻشȥʹ˰ⲻձԱֻ˹Ϊ䡣

Լһˡ¥ΪϿҵ

Ҷȴ̲סһħôûûƤء
Զħɣɫ԰˿ȴǵҶʦãԡ

¥翴ҶʵҶñһ𣿡
ҶħҲ˿壬̹Ȼڵħ֮󣬵Ե޹ɱʮŵˣôܹǸˣ

˵úЩһħͷɱˣҪ𣿡
ȻһˣͲһˡ

Ҷ΢٣㾹ȻʮĴħͷ

¥繴Ц£Ҷ뷨㲻ûŭңֲûӡ

ҶԣЩ顣
ʦһ㣬£ǵת˲˴˴뼤ŭңҶ֣ٴ˵أѰһƽ֮

¥ʵҶñ˵öԲԣ
ôܣҶʶ
ʶλħղŻеĹؼɵں˵˵ЩʲôҸͲʶʦ֣ʦĸͷӣ

¥ʦǸͷӾҶ

˵˵ſڴƻƣ
ҶͲħĻ

ħҶһԻҲ˸е𾪡
ǧ궫ıʮ£ǶֱգԶ˵˽⵽ġ

ħħ֮ǰȻǽ洫ӣ
Ҷʦֵܣ

֮ʱܵ⴫һ죬ĺҡ⵱֣⽣¥Ӧ

¥Ҷ븵ҼڻɽϾˡ

ͬʱһԲϮһǺȻ֡
Ÿһ֣Ϊչֳ
֮һͬ仯ģΡ



һ֮ĺҡѸ̽¥ӦΪ
¥һӦΪȻҲڴ˾硣

ڳ֮УȻ׷ĸһ֮⣬ȫڻΪ
¥ӦĴΪҪһս

¥ɽĺҡ븵һ⣬Ц£ŵѵûи߹ǵҶǱʦְ

ڼǧǰǵҶʹ򲻹ˣҺΣ

Ƕ֮ӣÿһ˶Խսľܴù𣿡

¥繴´ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡⲢ
ۼ֤¥Է۷ΪһһܵеĴߡ
ۼ֤¥дߵΧ֮£ѳȥ

ҪԽս¥ǵһˡ
УЩȫ
ĺҡ⡣






142.  һʮ   ӵݡ


̨, ĺҡ븵һڽ֮⣬ʿħԣ¶˳ɵã֮ɫ

ħ֮Īħ, Ȼǽڵ洫, ҶҶΪͬʦֵܣ

Ҷ¥֮ԣͷܣԲܵġ

¥ڽͬʱ, Ͼ֮Ҷȥ, Ҷ, 㻹Ӧýбһʦ塯
ǲ, ҡⰡ, ҡ϶֪

¥һٶȽ˵Ŀĺҡϡ
ĺҡ, δ¶κηŭ֮⣬ֻƽڵ߹СʦܵĹ¡

СʦܵԲ֮ʣ״˾, ħ֮, ɱʮŵе, ̨ϡ

ħǸСʦ, Ϊ¥硣
ĺҡ⻰΢, ¥, ħ, Ҳ¥硣
, ߵȷͬһˡ

¥ĺҡ⣬ĵЦҡ⣬˵
Ҫ˵ʲôĺҡⲻ

˵ΪαʦҪЩ㡣¥
ΪʲôҪЩҡ
ĺҡһ, ͻȻ¥ΪҪ˵

ʦֽһи㣬ΪСʦҲǡ¥绺߹㣬ڵһ䴫ԣƣնħ

һʱ֮䣬˱¥˵Ĵ˲䴫Ե˼ά
նħ
Сʦǣħˣʮ⣬Ϊħħ
ĺҡҲǣǲǵĺҡҲҪħ

ں˵
һ˵˼һվ¥磬ҡʦԲħġ
Ϊ˶һ־һҲᶨ𣿡

һһ˲Ȼѹһ¡
ħ𲻹ɵһԣͲһƻǶԡ

ֵʱ֮ܵ⣬ٶȴһ졣
ĺҡ븵һһۣǲµĴΧ¥
һ˲˲Լͬĳ֣

¥ƼĺҡǸиһĽ֮ĶӣĪòˬ
ĺôڴ˿ͬͨأ

뵽¥纷Ȼ֣ɵ˸

˸һ֮⣬ĺҡ⻹ûи߹ˣǰ¥磬¥籾һӦѡ
¥һӦд˾ΪԶħ֮ħֳӦǿϺܶࡣ

յ뷨ǡ¥УֻɳӦɽ硣
¥ǰ˴Ϊڴ֮ϣָ

ĺҡڴ˿Ѹйؼ⽣ٶȻӳ
ǽ߾ȫһ

տͬһ㣬ڴ˿˲˺ħֱָ¥ȥ
¥޽ƾһƣסĺҡһ

ħ֮бڣ䵽¥֮еģֻһǳѪۡ
ǵѪ۾˿ڶ㲻ϡ

¥ջ֣ԼĴգ֮Ѿϵǵ˿ڣЦһ¡

˴ʱڲŷӦ
ǰħζŹǵģ˿Ψһ֣ܹħӳ졣

˼ˣڴ˵زԼͬĳ֣ħȥ
κڳ֮УʿֻŻΪѣģֻԪӤΪ
ܹԽսһԪӤҪԽսˣǳ˵ΰɣ

¥֣⳯ϮĹУٶȷ䣬ЩЩˡ
˱¥绹ĹУɣˣȻ³һѪ

¥翴Щһ˵ķü
֮ǰصص˵ʮ˶ڵ洫ӣλνݼӢǰŵʿ

⣿

Ҳֻһվŵļǿܹһѡ

ҶҲһ
¥綢Ҷһ츳ûУʦֶԴԼŮ̫̫ݣȻˡ

ʦúý̽㣬ɻã
¥ŵڵϵһ˵壬˳ƶеĳ
ӳ̤һת˲Ҷǰһӳ

ҶһгӳԵֵ¥һ

¥粻ֻһ
һ˹ȥҶͬԴķɻ

ͬĽУǷɻ
Ҷǰħ¥κõħĵطͱϮһУȥʯڼ䡣

ҶĨȥԼǴѪվٶὣϡ

һ
ҶһʮÿһԴķɻ
¥ÿһγ֮ʱҲǳͬĽУɽһΡΡΡ

¥üۣڻⲻϮʽ֮ʱԾɻ£ġָҶ

ʮйҶһαУʯ֮䡣
¥һһġͨӵ֮׼ȷҶ֮С

¥
гת˲̽ԶϮ֮С

ҶһҽС
ǵǰԼԪӤΪԽսΪ
¥ӳһ壬ʹ˵ز

Ҷ뵽Լ
¥˵һ츳˵Ƿ

Ҷãٶ̧ͷ
վгһ̧

Ҷ
ҶȥʱĺҡȻһҶ

ĺҡҶ֮⣬˶֪ĺҡΪλֹؼʱҶ

¥罫ȥĳٶ˻ӭҶһ
ҶһǷɻ֮κһʽж΢һ˲ԾĻӳ

ѧϰıڡ
¥һͬҶͬʽ
ȴһϣ¥ôһ˲

ĺҡܿ㿴¥ѧҶһô˲Ķ
ҲΪ˲ʱ䣬Ҷһν¥ǰ

¥ٶȽҶ˳ȥ
Ҷеĳ˹ǣһ䲻⡣

¥뵽˴ǰĺҡ⺰ҶһƼ䣬ĺҡ⣬ƽƽʵҡ⣬

¥૵һʽԴڻеĽС
һʽУǰѧϰʱЩƺָ¥Ժ֮С
ѧϰʱ䲢

ڳ֮УҶ¡Ĵҵڴˣȴûһܽ¥ˡ

һٶȳ¥Ϯ
¥תȥۣһɢ

һ΢ŴĿƽгٶȻӳ
Ѿܾûùˣû˽ģû˽⣬û˽򡣡

һʵıǲѾˣ
¥ԣЦ£Σ

Ľ·磬ֻΪΪڳ˵ΪҪߡ

ҡʦøң㵱Է۷ΪԽսÿһλߡĽû⣬ΪʲôҪħ
һԴʮֵĲ⡣

¥絽˴ʱڿһ
˸һĹΪ

ڵΪʮĹ䣿
¥ڿʼǰˣԷڵΪҷԽս

һɽ磬ƺֶ˼ϲⷢ֡
Ƿɽ³ֵԭ˵ĺĺҡ⣬һԼ⼸ǧһֱǶμ䣬ҵôһޡ

֮ϲ

¥£ۣЩͼֲŵҸᡣ

ĺҡԣһ˲ƼһѾͬ¥ϣҶߣ˸

ҶմȾѪü۵ʹš
ĺҡ״룬οҶ㡭

ȴһ˲Ҷ͵̧ͷץסĺҡ֣Ǿô۸˵𣿡
¥ͷ̫ˡ

Ҷĺҡ⣬ĺҡ⣬һҪŬС
νʤһὫ¥ͷӺݺݲڽ£İ

ԶһߴܣһҶԵ¥̲סһۼ䣬һħת˲
ĺҡ״⽣ǵħ

ǶѾôˣǰ֮⣬Ҳû
ĺҡ̲סʼķ㡪¥һӦͬʱɽеġ

ȻҶĻþ֮У˵ħ˿̲ڻʳ֮С
¥ɽУҶ븵ҼǲŻϾˣʼ޷Ԯ֮֡
ڣֻܿԼ

ĺҡ˼ˣת۲Զġ

Դӳ˻þ֮󣬾һֱڰо¥罫ס󷨽ⷨ
˿̣ĺҡĿ⣬תĺҡ⡣

һһ֮ڶ¥硣
ĺҡҲ֪һֶܹãҪͱ⿪¥µΧ󷨡

ĺҡһ˼ţһ˵ȵһʢ֮ȥѧһѧ󷨡

Ҷ£ĺҡվġ
¥ǵ뷨Σ˭أ

ô¥ģĺҡֻ֪¥һ˶֮еǰϷ
ǰ̨¥粻ϷˣЩ˶ѡ
¥ĿģǾۼ˵Щߡ

ĺҡߡ
봫Ųᱻ¥

Ĵĺѣҷĵĵطһ̨һ¥븵ѽ֮

ĿǰΪ뾳磬ֻܿ¥缫пܽΪġ

ĺҡԣ˼Ƭ̣Ѫߵ̨
Ϊʮλ֮Ѫ̨Ⱦ˺صѪʮ㡣

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʵûвص֮УкǵĴڣ
ĳɴǣ¥ûĺǸͲڰɣ

ĺҡ⿴¥븵һ֮
һǽ߽츳ĵӣδҲɽĴߡ
¥ǣԽսһˣҲǵ걻ΪϹʱ֮󼴽һлƽʢ֮ӡ

һᣬ¥Ѿ˼ǧꡣ
Ϊ¥Զڸһ
۾飬¥սȥĻ

꣬ѹڴ˵ģ¥ʦλ΢ĺǡĺҡ⻺

˲¥ΪΪ΢̵¥ħǱϽڣҪλ΢лˡ

ĺҡһһ˲
Ϊ֮¶е𾪣ͬʱ־Щ̫Ծ

ĺҡӭЩɵĿ⣬ͷ˵Ķģʱ˾

ͬʱ͵¥粻ܻὫʦ֮ΪԹ˹ġ
Ĳ֪Ϊĺҡ˿϶¥绹һ֪һ˲Ŵôһֻ¥վ֮ء

ĺҡ⿴¥վ֮

һ¥磬ǲС
¥ŸһͷӦ㻹ǲģĽȤ

һǴһ˿ѪɫԲ԰ס
ȥָĨȥ˿Ѫ

¥߳
һ˲һտ˸һ¥м䡣

¥ƳһǺ£תȥŵڸһǰĺҡ⣬ô

㲻ǲϸҴ𣿡
¥һ仰ʵЩ֡

ˣǰĺҡһֱֹ¥ľٶΪʲô¥Ҫ˵һ

ĺҡⶢ¥硣
֪¥ʻǴӺζġ

ݼǧǰ֮ʱʱ¥翴ʱľҪ֮ͬеġϹŲлꡱһܡ

һ΢ŴĿ䵽ǰĺҡϣһ˲ҡʦã㡭

ͬ򡣡
ĺҡ˸һµĻ

΢ͷе⽣һѹ׼¥磬ǣҵҪһЩҸһЩ

ҵĽΪ⽣Ľĺҡ⻰δ䣬뵽Щʲô㣬üŶˣѾûнˡĽ϶ˡ

һĺҡһ̬Ļ
֪ĺҡ⣬ġ
ӵòȴͬӯӯ񣬽ﾡֻƽᡣ

ĺҡȴһ̬ĳħ

¥翴ĺҡ⣬Լĺҡ⵲ĸһĺܹ






143.  һʮ   Ҫߣǲ


һԼĺҡ뷨, ҡʦãҿ԰㡣
ڸղ¥һս֮Уѽӽݽ״̬

ĺҡ, ʦ, Ϣɡ
˵գǰ, ߳һе⽣ܵ뷨΢΢š
տ⻪⽣֡

һһ˲, һ, ȥ, ߡ
һ̧, һۡ

ĳȳʱϢ
һתԶ¥ŵĺҡ⣬ĬȻ, ķתŬϢԼ

һȥĺҡŽע¥ϡ
¥ַ, ħӿͶһϢ, ĺҡ, Цҵĺҡ, 㿴ʲô

ĺҡ΢, ȻڵҿҿĶ
ڴ֮ǰ, Ҷת, Ǵӱ͸¶ֻƬ, ԶûۿһĻĻ𺳡

˷ԡ
¥ʦʲôҪ¥ۣ˱Ƶл
ЩŸĸӤʲô, ΪЩݲǣɱ
Щ˺޹˼ɵ£Ȼ֮ȥһзĺۼ˵ģһö͵ı

ĺҡʵǣһ㵱ɱʮŵʲôϵ𣿡
ʲô𣿡

¥Ц£β΢΢һƬްı⣬ɫİȷûʲôϵֻǰ˶ѡ

˵ҷˣǷˡ¥ϵӽ˻֮Ҿͷˡ
벻֪ڻ֮пʲô

ĺҡƽؿ¥磬׵ķ
Ҳ֪¥Բܻ׾ٵľ͸ڻ֮Ķ

롣ĺҡ
ôܲأ¥̨ϵʱ򣬻ʹ⡣
ôھͲˣ

¥֮󣬵óһۡ
һڻҡ

ǣ
ĺҡ۽΢飬һ

¥紹ȥĺҡŵǱֻǿϧûһЩ㡣
ʱıûжϣĺҡ⣬һ֣֮һս
ڣ뷨ͱˡ
Сץȥħ硣

СģС˻ȥһһΪһҡħ
ĺҡȥĻᡣ
ôħ˳ȥ

뿪˺ڰ˹±ù
Ҫץ

˼ˣ¥ȥħӿһӿĺҡе⽣
֣Ҳ̫ϲ

ĺҡ̧նտն¥ֻ֣Ҫϲ


ĺҡ⽣Ȼٴ˵ء

¥գ۽ޡ
һƬѩȻ٣ЩħȴԵ쳣ۡ

¥ȥסһƬӨ͸ѩڵĽܺãһǲϲ
شģһտ⣬ĺҡĻ

Ҫϲ
þ쳹صıѩ㡣

¥뵽˴ǰĺҡƽͶĺǸиһĽΪʦ֡ɫȻ

㺰ǸиһΪʦ֡Ҳϲ
¥˵ţжͣҪǰ˸ܹ


ĺҡ¥ԣֱҪЦˡ
ôû¥ô

ˡ
ڡ·ԭ֮У¥ǱѩҪķӰ
ѩһĽѩץǸٷħĽѩʱʱ̿̿Խѩ
ѩ˵ģڹģƽﲢ¶

¥أ
¥ǳ׵׵ķħˡ
ߵ漰ħħ֮ת˲ɱʮŵˡ
ݻһħġػ
¥ȥǵ¥ħɱ˲գۡѪħ

ѩһĹĽѩ
¥硭
¥Լ˵ħ֣ҪʲôΪ˺ѡ

ĺҡ⽣ֹ¥ĶҪϲ
ͻȻʶΣ¥綼ÿλá

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡһˡ
֮У¥͸¶ǽʦĺΪ󷨵ģҪв˿ڻɽҶ

ҪҲ빥λá
˶¥ĻΪλ֮£ǽ΢ǰηĺǡ

¥Ϣ͸¶ҶضóȻж
¥ƭеĴߣץסᣬŸҸ̨ôİϷ

ĺҡ⽫⽣ӳǽ߾ȫһ¥ˡ
ͬʱҲʶƾΪǸ޷˵¥Ӧġ
޷˵Ӧ޷¥¶ġ


ĺҡȻͣеĶ
ķת֮£ʼ

¥ı仯ĺҡ⡣
뷨ĺҡʶֻħΨһȥĳ·
񿴵ĺҡΪѰΨһ·ϧףǷķչɴ˿ȴĪһַ֮⡣

¥ʶĺҡΪͨˣž׵ġ
ĺҡΪ˻ΪɱӦԲž׵ġ

ȻҪɱ
˼ˣ¥翴ĺҡ֮УȻһ䡣

ĺҡϢʼ
ÿһΣ֮ʱžԼΪá
ÿһ֣ԶΪϺܶܶˡ
ֲòȥӭս

ĺҡеΪҲɻڿʼ
ʱĳһ˲ϢȻһգ֮Ѿǻڡ

ĺҡ⻹ûͣתķơ

¥עĺҡ⣬ȥ˼ĸ˼ձһΪ֮ˡ
˿̣Ȼ֪ĺҡУɱҪԼΪҪ

ò˵¥翴ĺҡĻȴûͣתķĶʱĪһֻС
ԭĺҡĿ֮УɱҪҪΪϧȴԼĻᣬҲҪͻƣɱ

Ī䣬ȴҲŲ

ĺҡⲻǾͺˣǾͲᱻŪŪøжԵ³
ĺҡⲻǣôῴõΪǵ˼ǧġϹŲлꡱֺαػź

¥ΪԼ־뷨һ˲
Ҳһ̣ĺҡ׻ڣץסһ˲ʧ񣬻ӽ



뻯ڵȫһ¥˵ûʲô̫
ڣһ˲ʧˡ

ĺҡץסᣬ⽣̽¥֮Уת˲롣
֮䣬ĺҡٶȻӳһ

տ¥֮У䡱һħһɢ
˴󳹵飡

ɽת˲һѣ׹˽
ҶɽеºȻһ
ͬʱ֮սҲΪյһʱб¥һ

ʦ֣㻹ǺģԼ˲ˣҪȥȺСһ
¥֮С

¥Լǵ˿ڣһϮµĺҡ⣬ܾ֮ǰ̨ȥͼץס
ӦûϵһҪץȥ

ĺҡȥ
һī䣬֮»ȣ¥ѪָȻ

ĺҡ֮ӳһߣߣ뿪
˳֮⣬ңңȥ

ĺҡⶢվ̨ϵ¥ǾӦΪһ̨ϡ

ͬʱҶһ֣ͬٶס֮еս
¥ۼ䣬׹գңңȺ֮Ϊ۵ĺҡ⡣

飡
¥֮ת˲ӳ̨ϣԼǾ߼ٵӦ˻ҲԼӦϵмһͬ˻

¥૵ԭˡ
Ҷһͬ¥Ϯӿ֮£¥ħһ

¥̧ƣħ츲ض
ջǾ߰ٵӦʵȻ޷ָ۷״̬ԶȴǰҪߵöࡣ

ħӿ̨ĵ˲ѣ

¥ȥһѹħ˲ݺᴩ޴ڵնΪ֮һ
ŲԶĺҡ⡣

ĺҡһ˲Ȼһ˿̫ԤУ΢ʼת֮Ϊ

һ˲¥ʦ֣һǰΪģֻҪһߣ
ΪɶѪһɴԣ뿴¥硣

ҶǶ¥磬΢¥˵Ƿ֮ǰһڵ˭ҾԲκһ˵ģ

¥繴˹Ҷԣָָ̧ŲԶȺ֮еĺҡ⣬ܲ˵ĳҪĺҡ⡣

ҶԣԥΣҾԲ㽫˴ߵġ

¥תԼʦ֣Цʦ֣СųģмҪʲôȴûеõ𣿡

Ҷ߬ȭͷ¥磬㵱޹ħɱʮŵˣΪʦ֮㻹ȺҡСѣҽڴ㲻𣿡

¥ƫƫĿ⣬ǿһҶֽĿĺҡϣЦʦ֣ʲôʱ˵ҪˣȻΪĺҡ⣬뽫ߣߵİ

ĺҡԣ΢
¥ƾͽֳ˵עתƵϣеìܶתƵһϡ

ΪһŭǶôõһɰ
ĺҡ΢ŴĿƽţδ

ֻҪĺҡ⽻ңҿԾʹ˻ħ磬겻ɽ硣

ٴʿԣĺҡ⣬ڼĺҡǺˡ
ǽһӶѣħ¥羹ȻΪһӶʹ˰ݣ

ҶִϺ˰벽ܣ
ǲ¥˵֮ԣǸ¥ΪҡСѶԼҰġ

¥ԣʦּȻʣҾȥҵҡ⡣
ţڳĴʿ֮УܻСʶȤ֮ˣΪһ֮ͨ·ġ

Ҷ״æӽȴԲ⧲֮´һ˼
תȥ㣡

һӻɽ갲Ҿû

գ¥糩ͨ˹
ħ翪޴ѹѹ˶

ʱʱڲŲ¥ʵ
¥Ϊڴ֮ϡ

ħ֮󣬾Ȼͻƴ˾磬һ
ڳ֮Уٴʿ뷨

ĺҡ⽣¥硣
⽣Ϊ֮ϵѹ

ħЯ¥Ŀһͬĺҡͼֹж˾
ֻʣĺҡ⡣

ħϯͣĺҡǰе⽣

ĺҡһһָ߬⣬⽣סʼղϷſ
¥ڣûκ谭ˡ

һ˲ĺҡٶȱ
¥״ɫ΢һ䣬ԭ㻹Ҫɱҡ

ǿнϣĸ᳹׷ȥ
¥֮ʱȥħɢǿֹĺҡΪ

ЩħŰĺҡǿ֮ʱ巺һĨ΢⡣

һ˲ŰħȻһͣʱ侲ֹ㣬һĺҡħת˲˺ѷ顣

¥һͬǿϢϮңң֮ת˲

˪ѩ£֮һ̤һ̧֣еħգ֮䳹ɢ٣

ҪߣǲҲ˵Ը
ݷ֮Уĺҡߣ䣬ĺҡ֮Ҵָܵ

ĺҡգۣתݷۣСʦ档

¥翴ĺҡ顣
һοĺҡȫȫΣǶԱ˵ġ

ĺҡǰ˪ѩµˣȫȻεģ






144.  һʮ   ѩħѳڡ


¥ƼΪǰ˵ĳ, ĺҡһγȫȻɵ̬
ǰ֮ˡ

ĺҡ˵֮УԼĽ
Ҳڲס⡣

ԣԹ塣
¥ʶʲô
ǰ, ĺҡ֮ˡ

ĻɽŰħ, Ϊݷ۵ĵȻͣ
һֹһеж

Сʦ棿
¥ĺҡ⻽ǰ˵ƺ

ڵСʦ档
¥Ȼǧǰ, ʦҲȥѰҹһˡ
ʦ˵ǸǽڵСʦ, Ҳǡ
ͬΪ, ڵСʦָܹһ

ȥ, λСʦ澹Ȼţ
, лȥѩԭִ񣬲һ̽ѡ

л̽ûЧ, ڽ֮ϲ

¥翴ݷۡ
ͬʱԺ֮ȻǰȥʱһĻ棬ľЦ¡

¥ü֮, ԭСʦ氡
ĺҡݷ۵Ŀ⣬Ｕʵü
ͬ, ݷۻҪĺҡ, ƾʲô
ƾʲôأ

Ҷݷ۳֮ʱ, ͣ˽Ų, 
ǵһмݷ۵ʱ, Сʦ滹ī, ôͳһͷѩһ˪أ

ǰ, ֹҶĺҡжԭžħ¥罫ĺҡߺˡ
¼Ұ뽣ڵ˾䣬˪, Ǹħ֪٣ƾʲôĺҡܹȻĵʢҼ֤ˡ

˿Ƽ˪ѩ֮ˣͻȻһ
Ȼ͸˵ΪͬҲ͸ħΪһ

ĺҡ⾪ϲݷڴʱ֣ܿ뵽ǰݷ˵֮ԡ
Сʦ治뿪ѩԭ̫á

¥Ѹ˼Ȩ֮ջǾȥ
ĿһһɨԶЩӣɫСʦ涼ɽˣҽעԸˡ

¥繴´ĺҡĿƣֻܻһʱѵܻסһ𣿡
죬ٵȼѡ

ĺҡⶢ¥磬ǰʱʱĳ֪¥һ֪ʲô

¥õĶûʧֹ
ĺҡԣǻˣҲԸ飬Ҳûǿҡ

գ¥ܿʧǰ

ݷ̧⣬¥ȥķ򣬲δ֡
ðκʵǵǣ

ĺҡӦСʦ棬Ǹһκ־㡣

ݷ۾ڱѩԭδɽУһȴΪǰ
ĺҡ뵽ᴹۣһΪԼΪĲöеЩ

ݷۿü΢ĺҡ⣬ûϵ̫Ϸˣ˵ʲô£ġ
ΪһɿĴǰӦֵεġ

ݷۼǵĺҡ˵Ļ
ǰųֵġ

һΣ¥ħнǿ壬иУص˺ն

ݷۿɽֲĺҡɳʵǲһЩ

ĺҡԣæҡͷûаСʦʱ򡣡
϶һ¾ҪСʦ档

ݷۿԶЩˡ
Ҷһ˲ܹڵСʦ棬Ҷ

ݷӦţҼǵ㣬ǽһεǰмġ
ļ

Ҷԣ̲סЦ£û뵽Сʦ澹Ȼǵ
ٿ˵ЩʲôʱһӰͻȻ˹ݷۣݡǰ

ǵڵĽƴϡ
ݷ۳֮ʱƳòŸǰݷۡ

Ƴãʵǰ㻹ǵ𣿡
ݷԣˣ˼Ƭ̣ϳߴŵǸС

ƼԶԶԣңСư
ʵϳСҲţֻСЩ̫ǰ

ݷ۲ûλϳɵ״ֻ̬и˵ԵʱˣԻġ

ĺҡվһԣݷ˵գۡ
Сʦ֪ϳǰ顣

ƺкܶ໰Ҫͬݷ˵ȴҶһƿ
ҶĺҡֹһеƼɫæСʦ棬һζĳ֣öһεĽѡ

ҵȽǸм
Ҷ˵գΪĽһεĻ˳ŽԾԾԶĵһͬˡ

ݷתĺҡ⣬ΪһóȻ׶һγˣһ飬һЩ֪ҡ

Ȼܻסһܻסһʱġ
ݷ뵽ǰ¥֮ԣ΢һ˲̫Ϸˣ˭Ҳ۸㡣һжء

ĺҡ̧ȥ´ŵ֪ˣһһСʦһسӣЩ۸ҵˣ۸ȥ

ĺҡĿݷ˺ȥ
ʱ֮еĶҲˣջĿ⣬͵ͳСʦ棬ȵ㹻ǿˣҲһὫЩ۸Ĵڸ۸ȥġ

ݷһΪڶġ
ԼСʦ̬֮£һγԼĿܡ
СʦһҲϲɽС

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̡
֪ΪʲôϹʱݷۡʱݷǲܵ

ɽУСʦ治ϲĴ

¥ɽеʵʵڱֳ˵ģɽ磬ɽеһдڡ
СʦɽĿ֮µģԸڱѩԭġ
ߵڡ¥һ׵׵ķӣԼɽ

ƼҶܹӰĺҡѹԼжɻ˼ǡ

ҶĺҡǰվղšղųֵǸˣǲǾλСʦ棿
ĺҡ˵ͷӦǵġ

ҶƮСʦȻúÿ
Ļû˵꣬ΪԼ˶̲ס

ĺҡ״ڵȻȥɡ

һʢᣬħ¥ĳ֣жϡ
ӵڶĻɽ¥ɱΪɱ䡣
֮Уһ۶Ԫˣҵ̡

˻ص֮ĺҡĽڶĻɽ¼Ĵҵļ
ĺҡΪҼ֤ˣֲӵܣܹԵĹƽ빫

գϣΪ½ҵǱ򱦸ҡ
һʢ֮УṩܹҵĽҴСϢ
Ȼ󣬵õĽҴСڻɽϢеȷ˲ٹס

⣬ΪĽѩΪҵĵλұסˡ

һʢ֮Уֻ¼ҵҵλ᧿Σ
˪֮ħħɱ¼һȻҲҲһܵߡ
¼ȫһ˳š

˲²⡭һʢʱ򣬾¼ҵ֮ʱ

ˣµʢĻ

ʢĻûã֮ģ˶ڽڵۡ

ħ¥磬ȻҲǽڵ洫ӡ

֪Ӻʱɽгһִԣư뽣ڵĵӣпħ

¥Ϊ洫ӣħˡ
Ϊ洫ӣħˡ

к߽ڽǧħеӶо˳յóһۡ
ڵӣħĿܡ

ĺҡϢ֮ʱŸջصڡ
̲סȥ룬ǲ¥һı

¥ڶһ֮УԼΪ洫ӵݱ
֮У䱳Ҳ¥簵ƶֱʡ

ڶ⣬˳塣
Ȼɽжڽڵĸֲ²ԽԽңδΪڵĳƽϢȥΪʮ֮һϢٶ顣

ѩħѳڡ

Ҷ¡Ĵ֮У¼ħħ
˽ǰ뽣ڵ洫ӡ

̲ס²ǲǽڵķˮ̫ã

ĺҡϢ֮ʱһ˲

ѩħ
ôܣ

ͬʱĺҡ⻹ӵһϢ
˷ѩħգĽѩҲ޹ʧˡ






145.  һʮ   лȻ֪ǡ


Ľѩ⡭ʧˣ

ѩǽ洫, ħ˾⧲ƺ֮С
Դ˴ڶĻɽ֮󣬻ص, еϻ㱨˷ڻɽЩ, ̷Ľѩ˽

Ľѩ⵱ձħԵڳ֮˶ġ
һü١
ɹؼ, һþ֮Ľѩħ״̬ȫʧˡ
Ľѩ֮дûаħĲӡ

ĺҡⱻ̷ӻѯʵ֮, ̷˵ǽĽѩ˴, ˶̽Ľѩ״̬, ûĽѩйһħĺۼ

ĽѩҲǽŵ, ҲܽһֱѺͷȥˡ
, ûգͳ顣

ѩħĽѩʧ١

ĺҡ˼Ƭ, Ľѩʧٻ᲻ѩйϵĽѩħ״̬ʧѩħЩϵ
, ѩķ, ʲô, еκġ

̷, ͷӦҲȥ˼, һеõȵĽѩ, ˵

ĺҡⲻṩһЩյ뷨, ܿ㱻̷ͳ̷
վ̷⣬⣬һ˲
̷, Ҳ˺ܶ顣

֮ĺҡ߳ʰ׶£Լסȥ
·ϴʱŵһȺϴر

ĺҡƼһӰ֮ʱݼӹһ˿Ȼɫ
ͣ½ŲվڲԶһЩӵ

֮ʱеͷĺҡ⣬̲ס¡
ŵţһʱڵģ඼̫ʶĺҡ⣬ֻһȥ;λʦ㳤÷ǳÿ
һϮޣòθһƵġ

ԣһ˲𳤽ת˹ȥ
ĺҡʱԭƽӹһĨϲ֮ɫ

ʶȥ뱼ĺҡߡ
߳ʶʲôָԼʩһྻ

巢ģһʱѧϰྻõΪһˡ

ĺҡȻǿΪ߹Ϊ˺ܴ

ǰһμʱα仯Ĵ˲٣ԭ쳣԰׵ķɫҲָ
ݿ㣬ڽڣҲǻʦʦõĿġ

ԣ΢Ŵҡ㣬뽣ڵģһգʱ洫ϵڰսʱ򡣡

ʱΪһʢᣬ˺ܶ顣
ĺҡԣ˼һ˲ŻһյȻԭǶʱ䣬ҼǵǶʱµӵӡ

ӦֳԶ￴ˡ
ʱ䣬ǲþʢٿǶʱ䣿ĺҡʵ
ΪֻǶʱԶһ̬ͬҶ˵ȥʢᣬȴȥʢᡣ

̧ĺҡ⣬ӹһ˿ȣӦûǶʱ䡣
ȻǡĺҡҵѶڽ֮ڷʲô£ͨѶ֪ҡ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣뵽Լ֮󲢲ڽڣֽѶ˳ݸ壬͵֮ʱڽڣ£ҲȥѶˡ

ǳŵӡ
ĺҡһֱϵǰڱѩԭʱڵһЩϢȫǽġ

ӹǵѶڵǽʦŵġ
ĺҡ⵹Ҳˡ

ʦֵջ˵һĿ˴ѾûˣǼӽȡڿ˴֮ȡһóɼ

ĺҡϸһ룬ԼΪ洫Ѿȥˡ
һ쿼˴ȵľУֻʣ²ʱ䡣

һ쿼˴ȣһÿ׵һ쿼˴ȡ
δҹƺҲʱѵġ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣˴ȶںܶӶԣһҪĹؿǳΪŵӣ洫ӣǺܺõġ
ŷ֮УÿһλͳϴµӶ

ĺҡ⽫Щһһ֪壬ĩ˲Źϣһ쿼˴ܹ֮ڽϿӰ

ڽֻÿһ쿼˴֮ж洫֮λĵӲʸμӣ뽣֮УѡʺԼı

ԣæͷҡ㣬һġ
һ˲վûнԼеƹó

Ҫȵһ쿼˴Ƚ֮ѡһʱٽƹó
ŷȥĵطǺĺҡȥĵطһġ
Ҫȥ̫Ϸ塣

̫Ϸ塭
û˵̫Ϸʲôŵӡ
̫Ϸλ֮⣬ֻĺҡһӡ
ҡһ쿼˴ȵĵһ

Ϊһ쿼˴ȵĵһȥ̫Ϸ塣
߬е֣ĬȻ˵



ʢ֮ĸϢɽһ䶯
ҳΪ½ңȻ֮С
ħǳ֮

ԭƲһʢϣ¼Ҽп֮ܵС
ѩħϢ֮󣬴ҾһʢϵĵλҲ᧿Σ

֮ͬڻλ
¼ħΪ¼µΪɽһж䡣
ǰ䣬λòҼ˽ѩϣѩħˡ

ȻɽУʱûҶδѩ֮µϢǾƲ⣬Ҽпܻͬ¼ҵһľѩҳ

֮ĺҡոϵڵС򣬱˵ҽѩϢ
һ˲𡶵·ԭ֮еľ顣

ħѩħȫͬ

ѩڰ뽣֮ǰƾԼļƣȫԼС
ֻҼŻӵеӰҲһֱѩߡ

ѩĸ״ʼգһС¡ų֮˻ߴ˸Ͻ֮⣬ʲôҲ
ѩжȨ֮Ҽ˵һҼ֮⣬ʲôҲܡ

ѩһ˵һˡ
ѩħˣҲԲҰҰȨߴҳġ

һ
²ѩڱƶ

ĺҡ󸽽˿һοʱ䣬ͣСϡ

Сǵ븵һϲһǸСҲǰϳǰĵط

һСĺҡԼͬϳ֮޵Լϵ
Ʒħ֮䣬δԼ֮ǰǿԲԷڵġ

ĺҡ뿪֮ǰѾλƹл䴫Ѷħ֮дƷħķ
뼫Ʒħصطħ¥֮⣬ֻʣλħط
л䲻ڽųģĺҡлصضˣ¡



ħ磬Ԩ֮ء
һʱ䣬ħ½ħλõĹؼʱڡ

лӵĺҡ⴫ʱż·硣
·Ϊһ½ħߣƾ毺ò綼ڴ·ħһħ
лȴ֪·Ͳħһħ

·ᰵĻ

᰿лһţ롱뿪
ħһл峤ţ粻һ̻ͬԺ˵ţû׼һ˲ͻȥ

ע⵽˸л䴫ŵǸħħЩĺۼ
Դħ֮󣬾֪ʮħ֮У̽ǱɽУ̽Ϣ

ǣλŵл峤˵ҲǴɽдʲôϢλл峤עġ

ţлĿмҪĴڴġ

ôһ룬ԭҪߵĶȻͣ
ԭλϣл峤λҡħ£

лǷŵָһ٣Ƽԭùûй˲뵽ʲôüۼ͸֮ɫ

䴽Ц£͸¶Լܣ壬Ϊᰡ

лȻ֪˭
᰿˺һǿôҲֻҺ档

Զҡ˵ĵڶѡ






146.  һʮ   ϳɣδ


, ˹ĵȻˡ
ǻˣ˷ϲľһ

л, ü΢, ͸żֲм֮⣬ĵβıԽ١

ͬ˭ȥ, ֪᰻ȥһ
лûô, صȥԼĶֵס

л, ȻҲ˸ߵ¡
ᰲ, ֻкβɣħҲʱħ޵һϯ֮ˡ

Դлһۼʱ, ͿᰵҰĲ
Ϊˣʱ, ŻȻͬ⡣

Ҫħ½ħҪжȨֻΪҡɨǰ·ϰ
ίҡˡ
ħ, ֻǸħλǿܹҡڻصħ֮ʱôί

˼, лҲȥô, ֱŵš
, üͷ

ҡҪйڼƷħĽ֮
Щӱضħ¥༸λħеġ
Ͼ, ҡƹ, һֱħͬ, ħӹҡе, Ҳδ

᰼״ɵó֪л峤ſɷҿһΪл峤鷳أ

л, ȥɱ˭ܴλħеõйؼƷħĽⷨأ
֮ԣ̧л䣬ȴûнҡдŵݸᰣתȡһУ֣ص

Ƽл£һʱԣ֪˵Щʲô
Щħһ벻ħһл峤òiš粻ȴһϡ

ˡ
᰻ʲôȻ־лº֮а㡣
Ͼĺҡ˾һּ֮óʡ
޹غò޹غΪ˶ѡ

ȻʱΪڷȻõŮӾǺģŹӽĺҡġ

ħ֮УϡСƷħ֮⣬һֻڴ˵֮еļƷħл֮ټһҵ⿪ƷħԼ֮

ԣɵĵһš粻ħ峤
Ѿ̸ɵĺҲʱһ

ƫƫ͸¶Լ֮űл׳ġ
л޿֡

ͻȻЩڣԼʱܸ˵˳
ʵ̫֪ĺҡħЩˡ

лʱ޷ǾĺҡǷᵽ뼫Ʒħصݶѡ
˼Ƭ̣Ӧԡ

лվۻ̨䣬緺Űˮ
ᰴӦлڸһɫ졣

졣
˵գһڴ뿪
վ߳˴

뿪˴ɫɰ
ƼĻü΢塣
һҲϲħ죬ûĹ⡣



ϳɾСС
ĺҡסջ֮󣬲ڼƷħԼ
ԼԼԡ

ԼֻϳɾԶ֮£ܸܵõ
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʶϳƺǱûȥˡ

ҹԼ֮ĲԽԣԵĺҡⲻÿȥܣ֪ϳɴ˿ĸ
ʱĺҡԼܵϳɵ뷨

գĺҡڽ֮󣬻ת˿ջ˳Լָķȥ
ϳɴ˿ԼһΡӵʶǸط
ʶ֮ʱĵһ˾ĺҡ⡣

ϳվܵͷĽŲתĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ⹰ֳϳɵѡ
ϳɳãŹֻҡѣþû

ĺҡ̧ڵգϳɵѴƶؾ뿪֮󣬿ջ񣿡
Ҳ֪ϳҡҡͷҡѣҲ֪ԼҪѰЩʲô

գһۼĺҡ֮ʱĺҡȥѰԼʶ䣬ʱҵԼıģٶȳΪԼ
ѾҺܾˣȴһֱû
ԣֻص

ĺҡԣһս֮µĵط
ϳɼȻѾ֪ԼΪħݣҲٷˡ

գ븵ʦ˴Ϊ˳ħȴƼƷħȨƷħƣҪһĴʬ壬Ҳ֪Ȩηʬġ

ĺҡ˵˴ʱ΢һ˲ŵ֪ϳɵǻϹʱģħϮһ֮λħ⣬δݡ

һϳɱȨɹƳɼƷħħʹ
ֱٴλصħ󣬡·ϡ۶ħ֮λħ֮Ψһһ߼Ʒħɱ֮ʱϳݻָʶ
ϳΪܣȴħãΪԸһ

ĺҡⲻ̫ȷĳϳɵѣ˴֮أ㵱¹ʲô

ϳɵ꽫λħڻ֮У֮󾿾ʲôҲ޴ӵ֪

ĺҡⲢϳһҪȥһԼʶ䣬Ƿ̨ˡ
Ϊһļ䣬ʶϳɾһҪȥѰԼǰʶ
һʲôͬˡ

ϳɵʱһļһһʱϵĴ
ҲΪһļڣŻѭһϳɵԸһϳ´Ǹ

ϳԣȴɲ⣬ʵʲôˣ

ȥŵġ
ĺҡⴹǰĸ̨µѪʱѾãѾ˳һɫ

ĺҡʵϳɵѣҵԼĹ𣿡

ϳϸ˼ţ֮󣬲Ӧ롣
Ϊһۼĺҡ⣬ĺҡ´ΨһһǸȥѰҹġ
ɺƶؾ֮УԺһЩƬΣΪĺҡеĺϻƬΡ
ЩƬκһЩ䡣

һֻĴˡ
˸һҪȥС˵ƿ֮һÿƿ֮

֪Լûм֤С˵ƿ֮

ĺҡԣȥָڸ̨֮ϣ̽ʶ
ϳȻд˾ǣȴûд˾ʶ
˾ʶ̽

ĺҡⲻš
ϳڵս֮󣬻¶һ

ʿ䣬Ҫô٣Ҫô²ֺǡ
ϳһǡ

ϳɵս֮Լ壬һġ
ͨԼЩʲô

ĺҡѸ̽ʶһһ̽ţȴ

ϳעĺҡ⡣
֮Լʲôֹټˡ

ĺҡҡҡͷɹִʶȥ̽һһ顣
ʱĳһ˲ԭƽ羵ʶʼ

ĺҡ͵ؿȳһѪȴ΢
ĨȥԼǴѪҵˡ

˵գĺҡ̧֣Ĵӿտעǰĸ̨֮С

ϳɿĺҡΪʶò԰׵Ĵɫ뿪Ȱ˵ʱǰĸ̨ȻһտĹ⻪ӿ

ϳʶ뷨Ǿܾɵտ⻪ӿ֮ʱԺ֮зһ˵ʲôʶԼ⻪֡

ֻ˵
˽з룬˵ϳɣδĵ£ҡ⡣

ĺҡ⡣

Цϳɣھһûϱ






147.  һʮ   ˫ĺз𡭡


ڸ̨֮ӿտ⻪ϳ, һ룬ƽڸ̨֮ϡ

ĺҡ״ջ, һ, תķԼϢ
ʶȻĹ, ߶ת֮£ʶȴԼԼЩ

һ¡
ĺҡϢ, ˵

, ĺҡվ, ̨֮ϵĹ롣
ǰ, ڷָ̨֮дڵʱԼЩϤС

˼ú, ĺҡڲϤںδ
ʲӸ̨֮ǰʱʱ˵ܵЩƣȴֲͬһ
, ǰĹ֮в˻þ

ʱݵƣִԼԼĻþ
ϳ¡һϹʱ

ĺҡ޴ӵ֪
ڴ˴, ʶϳһƺҪϺܾˡ
, ڴ˵һѶݺ, ⲼؽػһϹξϳ, ȥˡ

ڽտ
ĺҡſ, 뿪, ˱ѩԭ

ѩԭ, ѩ䡣
ĺҡѰżеķͨܵ뱱ѩԭ
ʱʱ, ⽫δҹɫٵʱ

ĺҡ߳ܵһʱĻ֮ԼֳǳԲ¡
ҹһԲ֮ҹ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱԶת˲һӰ
ĺҡ̧ȥСʦ档

ݷһϮ£īа㣬΢׷׶ķѩȴ޷
ҹΪһģȴڰ֮Ĺ⡣

Ƽĺҡһ˲ݷ߹ҹǸԲ֮ҹһˡ

ĺҡʵСʦȺܾ𣿡
ݷƬ̣ŵҲûкܾãȶöá

ĺҡԣЦ£ֳСʦ棬һˣһŵһһġ

ǰڶʢһʱΪҼ֤ˣӵǰƣڱ
صȥ򶫻֮һƼΪľѧϰһʱ䣬һƣ˻

ѩǰ
ѩڲ˵Ϣѩš

߽ѩ֮ϣĹ⻪շ
ĺҡݷ£ֲŽռеһ̳һȡ˳ǰ

һƵ뾫µıкĺҡ̧еһƵݸݷۣڴСʦ棬оζô
Ϲʱһǲһζģ

ĺҡǵһʱݻϹʱȵһһƵζ
ƵĹ֮Уλʦָ֮£صصһƵζʹ価뵱һһƵζơ

ΪˣڶǵǶʱǺ˲һơ
ľΪǶʱġ

ĺҡڴĿ֮УݷһһƣȻúȡ
Ѿܾûкȹһˡ

ݷ۽Ŀᴹٴĺҡֱߵ̳һϣֿĺҡ⡣
һ˲䣬ĺҡȻݷĺ壬ָݷ۵һһơ

ڶһƺݷĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ״ʵСʦ棬㻹Ҫһ𣿡

ݷۿĺҡ⣬۽գ£͵ͳʵ𣿡

ĺҡӡĸУĪһ˿˿ίͰͣͺȾƣǸʮʮĶһ㣬ί
һӾˡæȻǰ

˵գĺҡָݷ۵һһƣݸݷۡ
ݷֽӹֽһνѾ˵ľƱĺҡǰ

һΣûݷЩίЩִĿ⿴ĺҡ⣬ĺҡѾȶһݷ۵һһơ

˷֮ĺҡ̳еһѾݷȥһ룬ݷٶȽ˵ľƱǰʱĺҡСʦ棬ҹѾ˺ܶһˡ

ĺҡ̧ȥ㿴ݷշı죬׵ķɫӳ£Խԣɵ˵СʦȾƵ״̬

ǡݷ۲ĺҡⲻƵľٶ֮۽Ḳ£˫ĺ֮зЩ뵵ˮ⣬ֳʪã֮ɫ

ݷᴹ۽ޣ͵ͳǲ᲻øҺôһƣ
Ҿ֪϶Ǹϲ

ݷۿ϶ϲϲһҪࡣ
ĺҡգۣȻǰСʦ档

Ҳš
ݷٶ̧ĺҡ⣬֤ҿ

ĺҡԣЩƫƫĿ⣬ʵСʦô֤أ
⻹һοݷ΢ģ췺˫գʪд΢΢ãȴ˲Ҳ˲˹

ݷۿĺҡ⣬Ѿ˵ľƱִص˹
ĺҡ״Ц£ĵԻҪһ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ǰѾյľƱʢһƣֵݻݷۣʵ֤ˣ
ݷ۽һƽӹֵ֮˻ȥȻǰ

ĺҡƼݷ۵ģͻȻһֲ²⡣
еĲ²⣬ݷ۵һһһơ

ʱֱߵľ̳ˣݷٶȽ˵ľƱݹʱĺҡųСʦ棬̳Ѿˡҹһ̳һƶˡ

˵գĺҡݷһҲţҪԼ顱ģ㽫ֱߵĿվ̳˹ݷۼ顣

ݷݹտҲľ̳գۣһʢϸǳĹ⻪
Ŵ˼һڿ֤ˣϲҸϲһĶࡣ

ԡ
֤ķʽݷۺһ̳ӵһ

ĺҡԣСʦ棬ڵʶмѰòȫ˰ɣ
ݷ۵ûС

ĺҡ״ĵǾˡ
ֻ˵ˣŻִ˵Լû

˼ˣĺҡ⿪ڵҲţСʦ֤ҿС
ݷ̧ʪ⣬ĺҡ⣬ʵҪô֤أ

һȻңȴҲˡ
ĺҡݷ۲ʹ˯ȥһͷۣݷ۴˿תȽ⻯Щ˵

ĺҡ˼֮󣬲Ÿһ̧ǰӰһ˲һĨѹĴǹ˶ݵһ㣬ܿ־ȥˡ
Ψһһĺҡⴽϡ

һ˲ĺҡȻԼҲǺ˰㡣
ҹξδմġ

ĺҡ۽һ˲Ŀݷ۴㿴ݷֹԹ˻ȥ

ݷۿĺҡ⣬ʵ֤𣿡
һǵڻþ֮£㲻û֤

ĺҡȥƼݷ۹˳ĳţѹԼƷһȦһȦڵȻ㡣

ĺҡվݷߣ͵СʦҪ֤Լû͵øѧС
ݷƫƫĿ⣬ݼԴž޵öǵı죬ʵʲôһһѧͻᡣ

ĺҡЦ£ԼΪķʾһ顣
ݷĿתضţѧˣʩ㿴
˵գ֣תһķ

㿴ûݷ۹ִ
ĺҡ״СʦٶʩҲš

ǣݷʩ˵ڶ
ĺҡݷ۶ʩͿݷͻȻͣеĶ

Сʦ棬ôˣĺҡʵ
һҲȤݷ˵

ĺҡƬ̣ʵСʦȤʲô

ҾȤ顭
ݷ۳ɳ˼һ㡣
֮ڵһ飬ͶȤ¡

ĺҡ˼ôݷ۶ʩͷۣԱʩһСʦҲʩһСʦ;Ȥ˰ɣ

ݷĺҡĻǳ˺һ
˼ЩӰ졣

ݷ۾ĵͷӦǵġ
ĺҡݷ۴ӦԼʾ⣬ʩһֲݷʩ

ĺҡݷʩģһʵСʦ棬ҹΪʲôҪôһư

ݷ˼һ˲һ̳һƵģһҪܸͨͨ꣬һ

ĺҡһʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô

ԡ
ԼԼԴ






148.  һʮ   ˳


ԭ
ĺҡ, ȥݷۣ㷢ֲ֪ʱܵ΢ľӰ, ݷѾ˯˹ȥ

ĺҡ״, ȥϵĿվƱͿվ̳, ֲϸ˼š
ղţݷʩ˼黯ķ, , Ӧòͷۡ

й⻪, ˮ, շݷī֮ϣΪһɴ, ᣬ

ĺҡǰݷ۹ִĻɵСʦ, û뵽㻹ԼڸԼԴװ

ȥ
ݷѻ۽ţµɫӰ, ƴ۵

֮, ĺҡ䴽Ц, ҼȻһƻ, ôֻܽһ̳ƻأ

һҹ, ĺҡûܹ
˯ݷ, һҹ

ʱƿҹĻĵһ, ĺҡע£ݷһٺڷȥīɫ, ˪ѩһİ׷

һ˲ݷ۽յ۽һҪ
ĺҡ˲Ŀ⣬ݷʱֲŽĿ˻ڵСʦ棬ˡ

ݷϵıӻ䣬˫ӹһ˿ã֮ɫȴת˲ѹ
һ˲ųʵջģ

ĺҡӦհ˱ѩԭСʦ滹ˡ
ҹȾ֮¼˵˵

ȻĺҡⲻܽݷҹִɵĳԴ׻˵ġ

ݷȥָѹüġ
ĺҡƼݷʵСʦ棬ڻͷҹʩ˼黯ķûֵס˯ˡ

ݷԣ΢ۣҹԼҳǵķ
ĺҡ

ڴ֮ǰôľƣȻҲͲȥѧķ

ݷԺ֮ԼҹЩ䡣
˵ҵģҿ϶һѧͻᡣ

ݷƾļ䣬ķָָԼʩһ
ԭЩ΢ʶ˹

ݷע⵽ĺҡǰеĹؼʵһҹ𣿡
ĺҡԣӦϾҰһƸģСʦҹǺˣҲСʦ涪ﲻ˵İ

ݷܹµҹԼħ뷨գۡ
˵ĺҡһβôħȥһգԽġ

á
Ĳá

ݷ˼Ƭ̧̣ĺҡ֮ʱֻ˺ܾúܾ֮ǰһһơ
Ǳڲʱ䳤֮еļ䣬һþ֮УƳʶչ

ҹԼڵļ䣬ݷԭ׼Ļڴ֮һȦһһƴûˣ޴˵Ҳ޴˵

ֵʱĺҡ´صССʦ棬ûϵģ㻹һƣﻹС

һΣٺһͿˡ
ĺҡ˵䣬ƫƫĿ⣬ٹ⻪һ£͸żֺÿ鶯

ݷۺľͲȰ˵ˡ
Լ˳У޷ٱ̵ֿѡ

ðΣݷ۲Ӧá

˵䣬վ
߳ѩȥ

ԽСˮԺǰʱĺҡƼԺǽǰʢĺ黨Сʦ棬Ҳڵʱ㽫һƬ黨չ˵úúð

ݷӦһӺ黨ժһ֧黨ݸĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ⽫֧黨˹ָḲں黨֦ϡտӿ䣬黨˳һӿ֮Уˡ

ĺҡΪǿͻ֮ǻڵľ硣

ݷۼ״ֲſڵǰǿͻƣ˼һΣΪеĸ֮ǰòҪ

˵˴ʱݷ뵽˵ڶĻɽ¥磬һ˲͵ͳ¥ҳ֡

ĺҡݷ۵ĻʱڵСʦ棬֪ˣһξԲðˣԽٽ

ѧ𣿡
ʵѧϰ󷨵ġ

ݷĺҡԼͬ
ĺҡԣȷӦСʦ棬û뵽ǾȻ뵽һȥˡ

ǰڶĻɽʱҾͲ󷨷Ĳ㡣ĺҡ͵
ȻǽޣҲͲϰ󷨡

϶󷨵ʱСʦ˵ʱ䲻Ҿѧһѧ󷨺ˡ

ݷۿĺҡ⣬˵ͷӦãҽ㡣



ʢ֮ʢһϵз粨ʱŶƽϢȥ
ֻ˵Ϊ޽޶ֹˡ

ѩħʧ٣ڵĽѩһ°ˡ
ڽѩ֮ǰȥѰҹ˵ġ
˽֪㾡֮ҲûҵѩĽѩ⡣

ڶѩħʧ٣˳Ĭ
һѰѩĽѩӡ
ĸƼƣ֮ʱŻ֮ʱżȻ͵õѩĽѩϢأ

գƱܶ߹ȴõĸ˻
ѰѩĽѩƣڽ˺ܾãȴʼûܹ

֮⣬һϢȻڸִ֮
ǵ½ҴϢ

ħ޹ħħħ֮оѡ֮ѡλħ

ұ򱦸ħ֮̽Ǳ
̽ӻرħλħȨλħֱħһ峤ͿħС
ѡλħ֮УλħֻһλħħжȨɹ

ħ֮УħΪλħħһħȴϾͬգλħȨ󣬳ɹλ֮ʱħ༸λħ棬ԼΪħ޵ݡ

Ǳħ̽ӴϢλħΪᰡ
صؽϢѶֱ𴫸¼Һͽڡ

Ҳ¼ҼõϢ֮ʱǺεȵŭҶӵϢʱصشѶ·΢ǵѶ·

·ĹѶ֮еݣãųʵǾõ֮£ħλħڱٿһУ

Ҷ͵ʼղΪԼһ䣬һ¥ͬ˵Щʲôֻ¥ʲôвᰡ

֮ʱࡣ
½Ϊ߱һ±һ飬Ϊ˵飬ǲϧ۵ѹ뽫µǰ˽

лýڽš

Ҷ֮⣬Сħ䱳Ҳ¥ڱݵֱʡ
·ԣãʵ¥羿Ҫʲô

Ҷҡҡͷʾ⡣
ûãŷ֮΢֮ͬµճѩĽѩ֮Ҳڲ֪ħ¥УµĵӴú̸̸

ŷ֮뿪΢ҶҶ΢
ҶԼҵ΢η˹ȥӹԼҵеݹ㣬Ҳ΢ʦһ㡣

Ҷ㵱ڶĻɽ¥Ϊ㣿
Ҷԣüһ㿪ʵħǰʦ壬㵱Сʦ𣿡

ǡҶӦ
ҶãŽԼ֮һһ˳
ĩˣʣ껹ǽ洫ӵ¥磬ô𣿡

Ҷע¥뽣ڲ꣬Է۷֮ʣһһսʱĴߡ
ÿһԽսһܼ

ʦ桢ҵʦһһҲв¥硣
꣬Сʦ֮⣬˽Գ¥Ϊһˡ

ҶۣȵȻ¥ôΪκҪħأ
Ҷҡҡͷ¥ħ֮գԼ⣬֪

Ҷ뵽¥ǰڻɽ֮˵¥˵ԼǣĺҡҲǡ

ǲĺҡ⽫Ҳ¥һ
Ҷ˵һ룬ҷ񶨵ҡҡͷӦ˵ĺҡ⽫һ¥绹ҪģԲԣ

͵ƾ¥統տڿ˵һ£Ҷ͸¥Ʋ

ҶǶǡ
ԭôҶ૵

֮⣬һҲǡ
ҶҶԼŮûΪ֮¶ɥ޷ԽħԷ

Ҷ̧Լҵʵбǣ˭
²¿

Ҷ˼˰Σĳһ˲һǲǡСʦ棿
Ҷͷ

ҶԼҵ϶ɵһγпǾȻôô𣿡
пȭͷûϵһգҲŬ׷Щ˵ġ

Ҷ״ȥԶɡ
Զʦ֡
ҶԶʱһ

ԴԶʦִӶĻɽ֮ҶͲԶЩԾ
ԶЩ㡣

ǡԶֳջһҡ
֮ҶٴμԶ֮ʱԽԶʦЩԾˡ

ҶҶĳɣʵԶЩ̫Ծ

ҶͷԶʦֺ£ҵһ֮״̬͸ˡ
ҶԣӦ֪ˣȥԶɡ

Ҷû˵Щʲôת뿪΢
ҵԶʱԶͬһŵӷ˵

ҶһۣԼ˲Ѻ˵ڽţ
Զʦ֡

Ҷ㿴Ǹ곯һۣܿת뿪ˡ
Զɫ΢ԭãת˹Ҷʦá

ҶֿһǸ꣬ջĿ⣬ڵԶʦ֣ҵЩҪ̸
ԶҪһͷͬҶ֮΢ȥ

Ҷվԭ˼Ƭ̣ȴǳǸ뿪ķȥ

ϴرߣִʼ
ҶվڲԶʹõĽǻɵþϸȥ

Ǹ뿪֮ʱҶվס
ûᣬֱȥ

ҶЩһֶһӷڲԶĳϮȥ

ʶ̧ȥ

õģǻ
ҶͬԹ֮󣬱ǰƺ΢˲


Ҷ̧ӳûðеĳס
Ƽᴹ΢Ŵģô⸱ģҺôʦ㣬ӮҲȻɣôһίʧıأ

һ̧ҶҶöջسλʦ㣬ˣջؽ

Ҷ֪ǰ϶ǿúܣֻҪһսСʦͻܡ
ǣսѹסս֮ơ

ҶʵʲôְҼܶлˣ㻹ôӵУѻôĵڶˡ

岻
Ҷֵ֪ǵһ˭𣿡

Ҷջеı
˳ƳԼĽתȥ֮ʱҶеһ֣ɵͣ˽Ų

Ҷһĺҡ⡣
ת˹

Ҷһüͷ΢Ҿ֪һͷġ

Ҽô棬ԻϵĵˣǶĺҡһĽ֮ģŻͬĺҡ˵һ仰

Դĺҡ֮ǰԻڿ˴϶ÿ֮󣬽£˭᲻֪ĺҡڻΪġ

ĺҡڽڵʱ򣬽֮ھͻ᲻Լͬĳĵӡ
Ҷֻ֪Ҫصȥĺҡ̣ܹõͬĺҡ˵һ仰Ļᡣ

Ҷɴ˿϶϶ҲЩ֮еһԱҪŻҪͬĺҡ˵˵ҲµöԲԣ

ע⵽Ҷʱ飬һλӦҶĻʵλʦҲ𣿡

ʲô
Ҷһ˲ѸٷӦǰʲô˼ͷôܣֲĽĺҡ⡣

ŲΪ˸ĺҡ˵һ仰

Ҷüһҿ־Ҫĺҡˡ֪֪ˣս𣿡


ҡҡͷٴҶתߡ
ҶסʵԶʦǲʶ

Զʦ֡ĸʱüۼӹһ˿֮ɫԭΪġ
ûʲôϵλʦ㣬㲻Ϊ鷳

˵գԽҶ뿪ϴԡ
ͽҶһվϴرߡ

Ҷ˳˼֮С
ȥԶʦ֣Զʦֿ϶Щģֻܴ֡

Ҷڶջϴر߶ء

ڶϴرʱ򣬿Ҷδ䣬ֱǺҶĴڰ㡣

ҶǺģÿαضͬһܡ
ҲͲ۸Сʦˡ

ö֮ľȻ˶ƽ˲١
ڣ岻Ҳôˡ

΢µӣҶûдǰôźˡ

ĺҡмҶʱҲɵóôоƢ˺ܶࣿ
ҶҴǰƢܲ𣿡

ĺҡΪҶ⸱ûа֪֮ģЦ£ȥвһ¡

ҶߵŵӺҲȫһȺﰡ
ĺҡѵ¥統˵ҲǸ

Ҷɫ˲ܿ컺˹һŵӣͦ츳ġ

ĺҡԣ˼
ҶԸ񣬾Բƽ޹ʵȥעһŵӡ
ŵӸҶˡһЩǣ

塣
Զ

Ҷע⵽ŵӣ塣
ΪԶע⵽塣

Ҷ֪ĺҡƾ˵Ļƶϳʱ顣

Уħӡ
ĺҡҶ򵥽̸֮󣬱ڳ졣

˳ħˣҳ尡

ս֮ϣڵ洫ӷɢڸɱһһħ


Ҷ̧֮£ɨ

⽫˺ѡ
ҶѸٽԼΧħ֮ĺҡ࣬ʵôЩħϸ˲أ

ĺҡԣңңĻĬȻ






149.  һʮ   ԭһ


սħԽԽ, ֤ķѾڿʼˡ

ĺҡ˼ˣᴹ⣬Ĭĳɱħ
տ, ֮, ħ

ʱһħȥ˻س, Ϣ
ע⵽ĺҡսϻӳһɵС

һ洫ԽԽˡ

һǵõƶؾ֮, Ȼ״, ˳õĹ, ħ, 洫ϣ˶˾޴䶯
Ҷ˵, Ϊ¶Ԫˣû뵽žͳĺҡԽսѸλ洫ڶ, ֮иһڶ̶̼֮ڽԽ׷, ںָֻĻԻ͡

Զ, ⷬ, ǻÿһ洫ӵ𣿡
뽣һ쿼˴û, ֮һ֮, һܹóͬ˱ȵģ

Ȼһ, ڿ˴֮ǰ, ȻѾ⣬֪עΪ洫ӵĴڡ

һһ죬һδʮĹ뽣, ڵ˲Сĺ䶯ġ

ĺҡһ죬֮Ůѩ󡢾ӽԶԼҶӸһڿ˴֮ǰ˿õġ洫֮λĴڡ
˵һ컹ĺҡճֱӶ˿˴ȵĵһ

ɾ뽣һ쿼˴ֻʣ²ʱˣڵӵУ⣬սĵ֮УҲû츳ѵߡ

Ѳɣڽһ쿼˴֮Уֵܳڶͬĺҡһı

˵ںˣѵͺ𣿡
нڵڸۣⷬڽʮֻ˸𣿡

ڵǲʲô˼
ڵߵΪûпʼⷬ۵𣿡

Ǵһܣ
ڵӼƵ
ʹ򣡡

ĺҡҶע⵽ߵ֮ʱڵӺڵѾˡ
Ҷ˸ˣ˿˽⵽ǰ֮¡

һΪʲôأҶ
ĺҡȴ̧ڴܵˣʲô𣿡

Χ֮£˴Խ˫۷죬һҪԷơ
ĺҡԼЩ̫Ծ

ڵ̧Լıһڵ֮ʱĺҡˡ
տӳ˸

ĺҡתڵӣǴԿħĵطս̨ûʲôܣ
ѲʲôԹԷ𣿡

ڵӳ˵ǽڲǵġ
㲻Ҳ˵ҵڵĻ𣿡

һȥ֮䣬˾ȻҪ
ĺҡӳ⽣գת˲ս̨һ˽ȥ

ս̨֮дܣһڱԹһ״̬֮ʱͻᱻǿ磬ˡ
֮У൱ʶ

ս̨֮ĺҡûȥܴ÷ˣٶ˻ȥϢԼ״̬

Ӳ̫ĺҡһֱУʱһճ׹ȥħ糱ˮһɢȥ
˾һյķս˿̽ǽƣߣ׷뿪硣

гд֮⣬רŵֵصѲߣڵ洫뿪磬ҲȫȻ˵

Ҷ뿪ˣֻʣĺҡһվڳǰҹɫңңĻ򣬾þδ
֮ĺҡſʼгʶ

֮Уǳ𲻶
һ˫˶۾ȻעУҲעųǰĺҡȥĵط



ѩԭ
ĺҡʶλ֮󣬻ǰ֮Ҷԣ˳Ĭ

ƬӺԺ⴫Щ죬תԺǰִţ̧վԺݷۡ

»͸Ʋ㣬ݷ۵ӰһһƽԺš
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ҹ𣿡

ĺҡҡҡͷڵûУҲŴл
ÿȥ·Сʦ棬Ƚɡ

Դӻصѩԭ֮ĺҡָֻ
ÿ黨Ȼݷһѧϰ󷨣ҹǶӹȥ֮󣬱㿪ʼС
Ȼ󣬱ݷƷ衣

һҹݷۺȵһ̳һƣĺҡ˵Լµһ̳һƺ󣬵ڶյҹݷ۾ͼί˵ƭ
ĺҡ˺þãźõġ

ԺУ»Ҳ֮һͬԺС
ǰݷ۴ӴռȡһӦߣֺ裬֮УԻС

ĺҡעݷ۵Ķ뵽ķ֣ãųʵСʦ棬˵ʶͲ

ˣǲǾʹʶˣ

ݷԣзĶδͣ£ָ֮ϣֺ֮󣬲Ӧ
ºеݸĺҡ⡣

ĺҡǱ裬ʵСʦ棬ûʲô֮󣬱סʶأ

ݷ̧ĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ˫ԼӰ
һ˲ݷ۲شǵ͵ͳСʦ棬㲻֪𣿡

ݷۺĴ⣬ָԾɴеĲ豭£ԥһ㡣

ĺҡ⾲ݷ۵Ļ
ð֮ݷٶ̧עĺҡ⣬ҲشġΪ֮ǰ˵ҾԲƭһ仰ֻҪʣҾͻشġ

ǣһֱңҲܲشֲܹ˵ƭ㡭
ݷ۵˵ţﵽչϢ

ĺҡԣԾݷۣʵԣСʦ֪취ģ𣿡
֪㣬ҾͲ˵

ĺҡһμҹݷѡѭݷ۵뷨
Ϊһħϲľ֮Υ顣

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣һ˵ʵСʦǾ֪֮󣬻᲻һеȥ£
Ҫ£Բһ׾ɵķ

ݷӦ
ĺҡĬĽŵ֪ôģȻͼԼһ˵ڻСʦʱ˼롣

Ҷ˵Сʦ֮ǰǿн֮ʱһͬһ仰

δߣЯҡ
ʱ޶֮䡣

ʱ΢ϣҶֹһεĸ̾ʮ֣ˡ

ʱĵһ뷨ǣڵСʦѲ֮ǰѾԤδ飬֪Լ֮

Ϲʱڣٷ
ǳþ֮Уݷþ֮бþʶķ֮٣һ֮١

ݷ֮٣ǲΪ֮ʲô⣿
Ƿǲֻʣһ²ˡ

ĺҡǵãһ쿼˴֮ǰġ
ʶͲ
أ

ĺҡգۣʶʲô
ԭһϵͳڽŵʮ䣬Ĵ˺ܶࡣ

Ϊߵһ쿼˴עԵ洫֮λעʧۣ֮Ҳʧܹʮʱ䣬ҶҪóֵǵǿ塣

ԭһݷۡ
ֻһ֮ѡ

һھߣһ쿼˴ϡɡ洫֮λǰһգͱˡ
Ժе洫޷ٽ֮С
ԺҲἰ硣

ǿ˲ˣǳ֣ҶҲٽǿ彻ȥѰˡ

ͷһǵٵĽ⣬ĺҡһεĻᣬԶҲ֪ԼĴ˺ܶ࡭ܶ顣

ݷĺҡ⣬Ȼָ⣬ͣĺҡղࡣ
ָһᡣ

ݷ۳ʵҰҪܺ㣿

ǵġ

Сʦ棬Һ˺ܶණĺҡ

㣬ȥЩĶһ






150.  һʮ   ǵ͸ˡ


ĺҡݷ۵Ķ, ź֪ķԼȻˣæȥĨȥǵᡣ

Ѿܾûˡ
Դӡ

ĺҡͼԼһʱ, ȴԼһǰʱ, һûᡣ

ڴǰһ, ѾЩǲ̫ˡ
ļѵһһļΪ, һļΪҪ, һļ俪ʼģˡ

ȻͼǲԼôѡһĴġ

ֻǵϵͳ˵ĻΪ, ʹĸо΢, Բʺˡ

ĺҡǰƶؾ֮УϳɷԼѾȥʱ, ֻ֮˵Ǿ仰
һ֮Ҳ֪ʹĹ

ĺҡ˺ܾãڲʶԼҹ֮ĲԾ
ǲ²⵽δпܻ֮ᷢ£ҲԼǷϾɥŶԡ

ĺҡ˰֮, Ϊһ̸ֻ֮ĻŭΪ˶, һ
ܹΪں͵洫ӵʿ, һûӵĴ

ЩħӰǵ

ĺҡ, ʩ˵, Լ״̬, ٶ˼

ʷɸı, δȴǿԸıġ
, ʷɸı䡱һ仰ǰǴҶ֪ʷɸıѡ

δ֪ʷأ

޼Ѱʷأ

޼Ѱδ֪ġδǸʱġˡʲô飬Ƿʷġ

ĺҡȻʲô, ΪϹʱ֮󣬺˶Ϲʱ׷ݶ޴Ѱټ

ڳ
صȥ֮ʱٵһпɹ׷Ѱĺۼ

ԭǵ͸
ĺҡĬȻ˵

ԣԹ塣
һֱΪԼѣⲻ֪һʼⳡ֡

գΧ¥ϵһֻ֣֮ҲԼһֻ֮ʼںʱδָںʱδ

ֻ֣֮ʼǾ޵һҲǾ޵һ

ĺҡȻˡ
Ҳһ˲еĲɢȥ

ϯĺҡӿۼ

ݷ۲ı仯̧Ѿ״̬֮еĺҡ⡣
󷨣ѩԭеԴԴϵľۼѩ֮С

һ򣬳һ¡
ĺҡת֮ʱ䣬㻺ʶ

ĺҡϢϳڡ
ɻڣϳڡ

ĺҡ̧⣬Ժһվɣ֮ͬǰĳһģһڶҲһģûа仯
ͺһ¼䣬ݷ۴δ뿪㡣
ʵҲȷˡ

ĺҡЦ£̧ݷۣСʦ׿˵ģһҪңȥЩĶһһһ

ݷĺҡһ£Ժ֮ҲһֱǵԼ˵ÿ仰˿ԣӦãһ㡣
Ҳ㡣

һһµԶ˽á
ĺҡԼǰΪǿͻڶµĺ֢һ󣬽֮ʱʧָˡ

һգ֮еĸڵӽǷʵݼӢϣһת˲ϡ
գ֮䣬ֱͣݼӢλϡ

ݼӢһǴΪķȻ
ĸһһԶʮĹΪʿΪݼӢĵڶ

գͣݼӢλϵǸ֣á

ĺҡ⣬̫Ϸ塣
λݼӢ

ĿתضλݼӢġĺҡ⡱֣Լֳһ²⡣
²̫˶ʶѡȥ²ʵԡ

ɽвûдκĺҡս
ΪսݼӢ񡭲Ϊĺҡ˭Խսҳɹˣáĺҡ⡱ѸλݼӢġ

ΪսģǾֻһԭˡ
ĺҡΪֽˣ

ݼӢǰڸʿĹûгꡣ
ȻԴ˳ڵΪλݼӢһ
һԷڵΪλݼӢڶ

֪ĺҡڶһ֮ǿͻƻڵ£ĺҡΪٴ

˾ʱƶ֮УٶȸֳǸȴֲòŵĲ²⡣

ĺҡϳڵΪλݼӢ

²֪˲ɵûԼݼӢˣԼˡ
ĺҡڶ̶֮䣬ڽϳڡ
Ƕĺҡˡ

ǷȻԴ˳ڵΪλݼӢһǸһԷڵΪλݼӢڶ˶κĵط

Ȼ߷Ѫɽһֻˡ
ںڽ˶ʮ꣬һ״˳ڣΪֹڱչΪС

һΪĴ֮һĸСչֳ˾Ѿ޵츳
ƸţδʮĹ֮ʳΪ洫ӣڽʮ꣬һ׷ڡ

ĺҡأ
ǰڽһ쿼˴֮ǰɽ޴ˡ
ǽһ쿼˴֮еһһŵӵݳΪ˴ȵĵһ洫֮λ

ĺҡ˺Խս޿ûбκһңҲ㲻СͿʼġ
һ·ڳ֮⣬ȴ֮С

²⣬ĺҡ֮УɽҶ֮һ֤ʵ󶵶תת˳

ĺҡ⣬ϳڡ

˴ʱ˲ʶݼӢǰȻȫǽڵ洫ӡ

Ҷڵõĺҡ֤ʵ֮Ȼĸе𾪣ȴԾɲԣ΢ͷĵӵʲôأҽڵ洫ӣΪˣҲ

ڵһȻһһһĺҡ⣬ڽԽԽ洫ӳֵġ

Ҷߵ֪ڽڽԽʽ΢˵ңԭҪ뽣ڵʿйڽڵĸִԺ˵ŵҹߡ

ʵЩ˵һ仰Ҷ
˺ĳʵʲô

Ҷ΢̧򢣬üһ࣬ڵǽҲʲôСµķﶼյġ

ĺҡҶ˵Ļʹʽ

ޱȰӵһ仰Ҷ֮⣬ۻ˭˵ΪٶԽڵìܵ㡣

Ҷ˭
ҶǽڵСݰΪɽ֪ټĴ֮һҶҡ
С˽ھŷ֮ĴҼͬΪĴ֮һ¼ᰵĻԼ˻顣

Ҷûб˭ʺϳΪ˵仰ˡ
ҲֻҶݡԸ˵һ仰˲Ż޻˵

˵˽ڽĸ硰ڵӶħսʽ΢֮Ĵ֮ǾͿʼѽڵʲô˲õġ˵׶֮ء
ⲻ֪ڲʲôСµķﶼյġ

һĺҡⲻٳ׷Ѱݷ۵Ĺȥ
δ֪пڣջı䡣

ת˲֮㣬ȥһƹһꡣ
긲ѩļı仯֪ԡ

ĺҡڱѩԭ׷ţǱ

ŬŬŬѧϰ󷨣ŬɱħŬԼĿǰһܹ顣
ֻڽҪʱԼҪЩ飬ٸеȥӦԣ






151.  һʮһ   Լ


ġ
˵ǶĵһС, ҲǶܹ֮ͬĵط

Сֻһ¥¥֮Уʿ, ò֡
¥, ʿŽʱﶼע顣

뵱ʢҲѾȥЩˣұ򱦸, Ϊ½ңڶ, ֮, 
򱦸վһ, , Ȼħﵱ˵棬ϵĶ, ҡڵȻȥ

Ҽ֪ºŭѣ³, Ҫħﳹ׷ŭ

˵ҵĳ, 콫Ʒ, ûҵǸƵħ
˭֪أҸղŻСϵ򱦸һӵء
ҵ׷ħ, ׷鵽ˣ
˾˵š

ڴʱ, Се򱦸, ڴ˵Ĺ½ӵ˵µϢ, æ, ǰãӭ˽
¹֪ݹ, ʧԶӭˡ

һʱԶеֽ˲ָ⣬ȴָܿ
£ɡ

Զ򱦸󶫻פϵ£¿˵ˣ
šӦˣΪ׷ħħ⸽ֹټ


ԶתͶ⣬ڵʱҪ˶עİʿ˵׼ħαװʿС

¶ע⡣
Ӧ˵ţĿԶϡ
Ĺϵսͣ˵ѾʼΪһεļˣҲ˶Ѿ

Ϊ½ңֱ򱦸󣬽вǰͶҪ˼꣬һΪͬĴһĴڣҵ޿ɺ

ȥɣʲô¿ҡ
ԣӦ¡

Զǰųʿ
ԼƬкһ˵Ŀ΢΢һ

Ľѩñڳϡ
ñʿ٣У˾ͻأ

ûãĽѩ⽫һӦ󣬳ȥ
߳СûȻתϯϮȥ



Ľѩһ˲
ԴˮڶĻɽȴ֮Ѿкüûùˡ

Ľʦã
Զִȴδʮ
ŶñòŮӣɵغ

Ľѩ̧ϳԶȴþûκζ
գھ֮ҧŴ꣬ʦ֡

Զһʦ֡˳߹ʵĽʦЩȥ
Ľѩԣ£Ҿһ˳ѡ
֣ñ¶һݣüۣƤס
һжûб䡣

ԶĽѩ⣬ȴǲ̫Ľѩʱԡ
Ľѩһ˳ô⼸֮ȫں̫κεϵأ

Ľʦãһ쿼˴ȻвһʱҪʼˣʲôʱؽڣμӿ˴ȣ
Զת˻⣬Ľʦһ洫֮λʧۣ֮Ľʦһһܹһϯ洫֮λġ

𣿡Ľѩɵ
΢ܿȴˮѾˡ

ԶӦɫˣʱҾסڳУĽʦңͨѶϵ

˵˴ʱԶһ٣ʲô㣬͵ǰͨѶûϵ㣬ĽʦҽѶɺã
˵գԶָ֣ӳһĨ⻪У佻Ľѩ⡣

Ľѩᴹȴǳ˺ܾãŽԼһĨѶӳݸԶ
ĨѶԶģպá

Զº͵Ц£ͬĽѩǣתȥ
ĨѶüͷȴ΢

ڸղĽѩʹʱԴĽѩ֮ϵһԼ
ڽսӴĳˮԵĵر֮󣬻֮вĺۼ

ߣ׼ȷһ˵ʹùˮ֮󣬻Ĳ
ˮǰñί򱦸ħߡ

ǰѩħĽѩ֮ʧ١

ĽѩĿԶȥ֮󣬺ܿתȥصɽׯ֮С
ҵһ֮ء

פɽׯſڵֵصƼĽѩæʺãˣˡ
ĽѩӦʵ

ֵصӸĽѩָһǰȥ
Ľѩ볤ȣȾͷһ΢紵춯

ԺǰĽѩѾܵԺŰħ
壬Բ֮ʮħܹܵ

ɵȥƿԺŵһ˲ЩŰħʧӰ٣Ǵûгֹ㡣

ĽѩƿԺţԺһϮµѩ󣬳磬һˡ
ѩԣת

Ľѩ߽ԺУǶԸղЩħ㡣
ѩϵһУʵ磬ʲô

ѩ֣С
֮зһѩذס

ĽѩǰذףգۣѩˮˣʱҲûҵõĽҾѰһذף㣬

Ľѩԣǰذ
֮£ذ׷ָ⡣

ѩ״üĽѩ׽Ϊʵôˣ
Ľѩع͵ֻǲСŪ˶ѣûµġ

磬Һϲذס

Ľѩⱻӵ뻳Уѩ
Ҳܵѩ֮ħޱĶ

Ľѩ֪Ϊħġ
ϲˣĶΪһ塣

˵ħԲڵġ

Ľѩ΢ۣ૵ĺϲذס



ѩԭ
ĺҡԼϢȶ۵һ˲һġ

ҶѶ
ĺҡָ⣬Ѷ򿪣Ҷ

ʱʱŻ㱲뽣һ쿼˴ȿֻʣ²һʱˡ
⼸֮䣬һϳڣٵʱֻһС硣

Ϊڡ

ʿУӻΪ֮ʼÿһС磬Ǽ׵ġ
˻ΪһСϼʮꡢϰꡢǧʱ䣬ܽһС硣

ĺҡǻ˲ʱ䣬ʹϳڣڣʿԣѾˡ
ĺҡȻò㡣
ٶȣ̫ˡ

˼Ƭ̣ĺҡ߳Ժţ黨ǰָ⴦ӳһĨտɢÿһ֧黨Ϸ
ӨӨ⻪֣伴ں黨ʱһסˡ

ĺҡƼԼɢסһ˲Զ
תȥ

ݷСĺҡ⣬Ѿյڶθ黨ˡ
ÿֻҪ黨һɣ̲

ĺҡԣ𣿽ûע⵽һ㡣

ݷ۾עĺҡ⣬Գȥߡ
ĺҡᴹӦ

֮ĺҡųСʦ桭

ҽԼڴ˵ģҳȥߣɺã
ݷʵ

ĺҡ⿴ݷۣĵôôأᵽ˲ѹ






152.  һʮ   ݷʣ𡭡


ĺҡ, ųʵСʦ棬˵޷뿪ѩԭ̫𣿡

ݷۿĺҡ, ۽գ, ƭġҵħϲҷҪƭһƭ, ŻŰ

ҹܻҲע֮ʱ, ͵͵ܳΪԼһ, ʼʱ, , Ȼ͵͵ܳƺǾ̫Ȥ, 㲻ܳˡ

ˣꡣ
ʱڽڵǿٶ˷ӦħҲѹƲסԼ, пʼԾ

ĺҡݷ۵Ļ䴽Ц, ӦԭСʦ˱ѩԭ֮, ȥһأ

ݷһ, ȴ˼Ƭ, ȥϳɰ, Ȼٵ, ٻؽȥ

ڡǲп˴ȣݷʵ
ĺҡͷ, һ쿼˴ȿֻʣ²һʱˡ

ҼǵһһؽڵʱҲһο˴Ƚ֮ʱ, ӦΪһ洫ڽ񡣡ݷ

ĺҡԣڵǼСʦ棬һܿġ
Ҳܿģܿĵڽʱڤڤ֮⣬ʱ䳤ӣݷΪڽ

ݷ۵ʱ

ݷ˵Ҫĺҡȥߣߡ
ĺҡȴ֪СʦԼþòþ˵ġ

ߣԸԼΪߡ

߳ѩһգĺҡ춯ȥ
ѩھӨ͸ǰرա

ĺҡջĿ⣬Ļ·ķѩСʦ棬߰ɡ

δѩԭߴĸֳһĨӨӨ⻪ĺҡĿ⡣
תȥһƬ⻪

ߴֶĹ⻪֮У
ĺҡⲻԶԶһۣ̺ܵбӴص

ǡ
ĺҡ⾪ȳǺǺÿĹ⻪һ²⡣

ݷ͵Ǽɹ⡣

ɹ⣬Ǵ֮ڶɷ֮ʱֵĹ⻪дʿתΪЧ
ɽѾܶ겻ɹˡ

ĺҡ⵱˵Ϊ˼ɹ´ȣû޷ġ
ܶһ޷ļɹⱻˣ֮ҡ
ڲʱ˵ʱɹ⣬ȴҲ֮ҡ

ݷʣȥ𣿡
ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʵ𣿡

ĻǾ͹ȥ
ݷ˵գ˺գת˲ɹǰ

ĺҡҪɹ֮ʱݷָ֣⴦ӳһĨĺҡ¸ϣ⼫ɹȾ

ĺҡ߽Щϸ⼫ɹ⡣
ɹƺΪݷ۵ĴڣӻԾЩ

գڻþ֮Уĺҡǵݷ˵ɹһ֮٣ԽɢΪġ
ݷûзŷ֮һļɹȴɢ

˼ˣĺҡжЩȻ֮ɫʵСʦ棬⼫ɹĴڣΪ𣿡

ݷ۵ͷӦǰļɹ⣬ȷΪҶڵġ
ɷ֮٣ȴһɢ˽ףɹȴδ˶ɢ
ÿһγʹ⼫ɹһΣֻĵطڱѩԭ˷ְˡ

һżȻѩԭС

Ҳˣ֮䣬ֵʱ֮١

ĺҡûȥݷΪβɷ֮٣ֻֿһǰļɹ⡣

ݷڵ㽫ǿݸҡ
ĺҡԣᴹԥĽϵŵǿȡݸݷۡ

ĺҡ⽫ǿݸݷ֮ʱԤʹȴûϯ
ǰԹֻҪȡݷ۽壬ϵͳľͻת˲ϮصʹΪƫƵĳͷ

ľ飬롶·ԭ֮еķչѾȫͬˡ
ȡ壬ȴûиܵκεʹϮ

Ϊݷ
ĺҡ⻺תݷ۴ʱӹĶ

ݷȥָ̽ǰļɹ֮С
һƼɹָ֮䣬ʥֹ˳

һƼɹⱻݷһͬӡ֮Уֵݻĺҡ⡣

ĺҡӹ壬ĬȻһ䣬Сʦ棬ǡ
ݷұһƼɹ⣬á

ĺҡԣָḲ壬Ȼָ֮һ顣
ͷӦһġ

ûãǰļɹӦýӦˣ㻺ʧǰ

뿪ѩԭС֮ǰݷЩʲôȥָһ΢ƹİ׷

Ƽһư׷ݷ΢˴ĺҡĿ⣬ʵҵͷ᲻̫ˣ

ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬ݷ۴һ˪ӰԾ䣬Եȴᡣ
ǣҡҡͷôأ֣ôأ

Сʦһٰ׷ܺÿĺҡգۣСʦ棬Ҽǵҵһڱѩԭʱ򣬾Ѿ˵Сʦͷܺÿ

˾֣һǸ˱ֵֹģԲǵ⡣

𡭡
ݷԣ䣬ÿüҲ˶΢һ£ΪĺҡĻЩˡ

ɿָ⣬ſư׷ȥԼͷκεαװ

ٽѩԭСϣٽݺѩԭʿࡣ
ʱֵʱ̯֧̯ʿߺţͼԼ̯ϵĸֶ

̯ƼԶӰߺ֮ʱһ˲Ƽ˵òЩӵߺ㾡ʧˡ
̯Ҫס¾ŵڳ뷲˰㡣

Զ֮λ̯ĿԾ˲Ҳ˲עŲԶ߹ȥˣĵǴĸ֮ӴҲ̫ÿˡ

̯֮ź֪ԼôҲԪӤʿˣô˵Ϊ͸أ
͸Ϊǵó񾳽ˣ

ĺҡݷǰ
ĺҡѾǰڽտһΣصѡһճѩԭ

ǰĺҡǰȥ˷ݵĴʯ
ݷȻת˲˺յһǳߵģ˺յǻʲô˼أ

ĺҡ⽻ʯصݷʱ㿴ݷעŲԶĿ
ĺҡ˼һ˲͵Сʦ棬ɸں͸ϼܹɵģڹ򣬷ʿ֮

ݷӦջĿ⣬ĺҡ⣬ʵѧ𣿡

⻹ѧ
ĺҡ˲ʶݷۻе˼

ҸղϸһģѾѧˡݷ۽͵ѧ𣿡

ĺҡ̲סתƳפڿԱߵֵصӣ᲻᲻̫ã

Ȼ󱻽ڡںʹǰĴϹܵģ󷨼ȴǷɢڡԼĴҸִһݵġ

ŵϹܿЩ˶û뵽ݷ۹ǿһͽļѧˡ

ΪδǰҶңһԭڳΪܹ֮뽣ڡںҶĴһһĸ

ݷʵ𣿡
ԣȻԣĺҡ

ƾѧġ
ͰôСʦ츳һ۾ѧ






153.  һʮ   Ѿܡ


ĺҡ˵ͷ, Сʦ棬ѧ
ݷԣӦ

ʿһ֮, ӳ⻪, С

ĺҡƳݷָ̧⣬ǰ˸Ĺ⻪һ, ͣ
һͬʿҲʧǰ

ĺҡתȥ⻪֮, ֻݷˡ
ϸԼ, ȻСʦ, ǣ

ҽ˴ʱͣ, ź÷ҽ󡣡ݷ۽͵, ֻǻһ˲ѡ

ĺҡԣָһ¡
̧Сʦ, ΪѾܹʱ𣿡

ǰЩдջġ
ݷۻ־һλþ֮ڴ˵Щ򡣡
Ҳֻʱͣѡ


ĺҡⲻɵó

ͬʱ, ˼СʦΪ, ʱ, Ÿʱص
Ļ, Ҫã

̫ˡ

ݷ۴ĺҡ, ҲԵġ
ĺҡѹе˼, 䴽, ӦǾͽСʦļˡ
һġ

ݷָ̧⴦֮е߸ֳĺҡ⽲ſعԼ

⼸, ĺҡһУһѧϰ󷨣ɽо󷨶Ѿ֪
統ƶؾ֮Уĵһμĺҡʱ޹ĺҡ츳

ĺҡһо츳
ߣҲ󷨵츳

֮⡭
ĺҡ⻹һֻڹؼʱȡʹӵʡ

ʶ޵ľ츳洦ĺҡֻһ룬ڽӴħаʱʹȫȫܹ

׹ħ䣬ĺҡÿնܹʹġ
ǶħʴʹΪԼѾָ˵ʹܡ

ݷͬĺҡ⽲֮ʱЩ©˳ŽǴ©Ҳ޸ˡ

Լʱ֮ݷָ̧⣬ʱյͣ͡
ڣ⻪ӿڵʿ

ڱ˵ڿڣֻ˼ʱѡ
ⲻ֪⻺ʱĺҡѾݷ۵İ֮£о͸ˡ

Ĺ⻪ɢȥ߳
˴ѾĵΧڡ

ݷ˵ȥһϳɣĺҡǰϳɻСϣݷ۸СϿ

߹Ĺ㳡ĺҡ˷򣬱ݷȥǴѾķϵլԺ֮С
˳ܵһ·ȥǰ߻Ȼʣĺҡ̧ȥСʦ棬һμϳɵ

ĺҡ˵˴ʱͻȻһ١
֪ôƺϳˡ

Ѱ˵óϳΪϳǰϾϳݷ֮ͬˣǵڵǰ
ڴ֮ǰϳΪϳɵѡ

һʱ֮䣬ĺҡ˺ðΡ
ݷԣתڵǰγƺģڱҲһĳƺһƺѣع˼ҡ

˵˴ݷ۴ЩЦ⣬һΪҡѣҲǲԡ
ĺҡԣգۣ˺һһԼ΢ŻСʦ棬ңˣҪ°Ͷġ

⼸Ҷݷ֮ദĺҡǿˣҶСʦ̬ȣġ

ݷǺҡѣҶԴӵһμǺҡСѵģһҶƽ޹ʸСʦһ

˱߱˵ܿԽܵĴ֮ϡ
ĺҡ̧ȥԭĸ̨֮ѾϳɵӰ

ĺҡѾ뿪ˡ

ݷ̧Ŵ˷̨
̨ϣָᴥ̨ԵѾɺԵѪ

ĺҡעݷ۵ĶתЩѪ
ǵø̨֮ϵѪ븵һһȨǾӦ֮ʱѪ

ݷָ̨ԵӴĵطֳӨ׹⻪ܿ츲̨
ЩӨ׹⻪ɢ֮ʱԸ̨ڲӿֵտ⻪һһӿݷ۵֯һ

ݷһЩ

ϳɣδĵ£ҡ⡣
Ƿ

ĺҡ⡣
ϳɵѣҽĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ

ϳɵѣ˵һЩоùһ󷨣һݹȥĻþ󷨣˷·侳ػعȥһԼʧȥļ䣬֪ܲϳɵѰæоһ¡
Ҳõϵʱ򡣡

벻ڻþ֮ػعȥʲô˼أҪɾ͸ɴģоһܹصȥ󷨣

ϳɵصȥУ췣ġˣƻҡѡ

ֻ췣ѡ

ҡѣ˵ʲô

ûʲô

ݷ΢۽ޣЩ֮֯տ
ĺҡĿ

һΣĺҡⷢڸ̨֮еǴʱһĨտ⻪
һĨտ⻪֮УԼһ˿˿Ϥ

ͬʱڤڤ֮в֪ӺδһƻǰȥһĨ⻪

ĺҡ⼸߽ʣʲô
΢üͷƺûŪװ㣬۽գһ¡

ҪȥһĨտ⻪

ĺҡ͵ͳʵСʦ棬ǲҵĶ
ָݷ۴ڸ̨Ե֣ӿտ⻪ֻм롣

ġ
ݷתעĺҡ⣬ĺҡָ⻺ֱ
ĺҡָӴտ⻪ǰһ˲һֻ֣׽סĺҡָ⡣

Ĩտ⻪Ϊݷ۵Ķһľ롣

ĺҡ̧ݷۣʵȻҵĶΪʲôСʦ治Ұһջأ
ݷӦΪڻʱ򡣡

ĺҡƫƫĿ⣬һ۸̨֮ϵտ⻪ֿݷۡ
סԼҪǵƻ⣬ѡݷ۵Ļ

˿̣ĺҡԼ֪ԼǺ״̬ˡ
ݷ۵Ŀ֮УǴЩ¶ãģȴҲȫȻݷ۵ġ

ݷ۴ڸ̨֮ϵָһ㣬ǰĸ̨ת˲Ϊһγ
ͬʱ̧ڣĺҡ⵲סЩγ

ЩγɢȥݷעԭֶĨտ㡣
ĨտǴǰտ⻪۶ɵġ

ĺҡ⿴ݷ۵Ķȥָ߬ݷ۵һۣʵΪʲôڲܲأ
ݷ۴ǰˣûоϲˡ

ĺҡԣԾĿתؿݷۣٳ
ݷǿһ£ȥȡݷС

ݷ۽Ĩտ⻪ӡ֮Уְ彻ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡⶢǿ壬һۣûȥӣСʦ棬кܶ鶼ҡ

Һ
ĺҡԼԼ˿̵״̬Щ̫ԾԾɳС

ݷۿĺҡ⣬ʵҪŲأ

ڲ붯ҰϵȥҾҲˡ
ĺҡ⻰һ˺һųٶ۵գգۡ
ڵ״̬е㲻̫Ծ
ƽƽҪ

ĺҡԼԾˣʶЩ̫Ѱ㡣

á
ݷӦ£һеϵĺҡ䡣

ĺҡᴹݷĶһư׷Ửǰ
Ҳû룬ȥư׷ָ⡣
΢ĴС

ĺҡѾܾˡ

ݷָᷭ⣬ǿϵú΢תƼ˲ĺҡָ֮ư׷

˪ѩָ׶ϸȴư׷׾ٵıƿסˡ

һ˲ֺֻȻɿ
ĺҡʱ񣬻ղԼľٶҲû룬͵Ҹղ˵Ļһûӵġ

Сʦ棬ϰ
ĺҡ

ղڸʲô
ôϡͿľͰԼĵʵ뷨˵˳

ֱǡΪ






154.  һʮ   뱧һĵ¡


Ȼľȥˡ
ĺҡջ, ֲ뵽һӹؼҪ¡

ĺҡᴹ⣬ע⵽Լҵ壬̲ס˵ǵΪ
˵ʲô
, 붯, ҪСʦְϵϣҾͲˣ

ݷۺܿ췴Ӧ, ͵£ǸղЩ⻪Ӱ񡣡

ĺҡƼݷվֱ, ǰġѩһϢҲ֮Ȼȥ
Ǳʿ, ôоСʦϢǱʿأ
ѵΪСʦڱѩԭһ

ĺҡ뵽һꡱʱ, кϸܵʹ, һ㣬ʹŻ˺
ǰ, ϵͳسͷҲûѹġ


Ѱ˾ʹĵطֻëëϸһ㡣
ֻ˸еʹʮٱʹĻ, ܸܵʹġ

ĺҡһ˲Ϊ쳣ʹһǸղӰĺ֢
ղŸֳտ⻪, ʵСʦ, һʱ, ҲĨտ⻪, ΪʲôһûӰҵ˼أ

ݷۿĺҡ, һ, ͬ˭ģ
ϳɵѡ

һأ
Сʦһġ
ĺҡ˵, һ˲ѸٷӦ

ݷӦΪҵĴڡ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ʶڴ˴̨е, ֻܹϳһػعȥָΣݷ˶

ԭĺҡ૵Сʦһˣ֮ϲ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ǰĺҡԣʵڻ𣿡

ĺҡһ˲ݷۼкܶ鶼㣬˵
ڻ𣿡ݷʵ

ûС
ĺҡ´˺һ
ô˵˵ղӰ֮˵Ƕλʵѡ
ˣһ岻ͺˡ

ʵҲкܶСʦ氡
գĺҡһɣСʦҵʱȻͻܸҡ

СʦղŲ˵ǰ֪ˣûоϲˡ

ݷ۾עڽ͵ĺҡ⣬ɴƽĹ⡣
ղĨտ⻪֮У̲Ǹþ
ҲΪЩЩ

Уǻ췣ġ
췣ѡ

ЩδǷڹȥġ
ңԶġԽǰһԻ

һૣҲƿʱӰʧȥĲּ䡣

뱧һ
뱧һĵ¡
ݷ˵



ҹˮ׹
ݷÿĺҡķʱ͵ͳܱһ𣿡

ĺҡţ㿴īµݷվǰ͵ͳģ˺ܴίһ㡣
ʵСʦ棬ôˣ

ݷ۲ֳһ飬ܱһ𣿡
ûеõĺҡ֮ǰûκεĶ

ĺҡԣȥ˽Ӧԡ

ݷ΢⣬ֽĺҡУ̵սֱۣŻ˵¶ȡ

ħＫ˿ҹﱻ޾Ŵ
ҹɫٵһ˲һθоԼôס
Ҳһ˲ڰ뷨бˡ

뱧һĺҡ⡣
ŲҪơ
ŲҪ̡

Ҫ

ĺҡⲻ֪ʲô£Լݷ۴ʱȥָⴥһī
ذǰˡ

¹׹͸뿪Ĵ˽
ãڵ˲ҷֿ
ĺҡݷǰݷ۳ʵСʦ棬ôˣ

ݷ۵Ҿ뱧һ㡣
˺һֵħʲôʲôƣҲûʲôɡ

ĺҡԣ֪Լʲʲôˡ
ݷۿĺҡ⣬΢Ŵɵҡ⣬ҿԻҡ𣿡

ĺҡתݷۡ
ݷ۹ִһҡѡҪøһЩС

ĺҡգۣŴӰļгȡݷۺҡѵһ仰
һҡѣҲǲԡ

Ȼԡ
ĺҡͷӦ

Ļû˵꣬ݷ۱üۣҡ⡣
䣬ݷֺһҡ⡣

ҡ⣬ҡ⣬ҡ⡭
ݷ۽˺üҡ⡣

ĺҡһֱݷۺҡ⡱Ĵ
Ȼݷֿڽ͵һҡѡҺ㡮ҡ⡯һЩҺĴҪܶܶΡ

ݷʵ²£ұະ˼Ρҡ⡯
ĺҡɫƽ˵һ֣ʮΣ

¶ˡ
ݷȻһʢϸ⻪㣬žϲ
֤Ϭ

ԺҾͶ㡮ҡ⡯ˡ
ĺҡ´Ӧá



ϳɼȻûڴ˴ĺҡûиܵԼϳɵԼϵ֤Ѿ뿪

գĺҡݷСܱߵ˹䣬׼ȵһο֮ʱǰڵĶġ
һǰһֱ֮еؾ˳һȥ̽һ

ʱٶȿһգĺҡݷͨġ

ĺҡ֮߳ʱһ
һڽڵĽѶԴڵڵ֮ʱͨһѶҵٽĽڵӣѰ

ĺҡǵ֮ǰδҹһΣҶԶҲⷢôһѶ
ǸķȻҲΪѶŸϵֳġ

ĺҡеĽѶѶֻ֮Ǽ˵˵ϵĵصȡ

ʲô𣿡
ݷƼĺҡǵѶ˼֮Уǿȥ飬Ȼȥڰݷá

ĺҡ⽫Ѷ˵˵ڵСʦ棬ĵصڸȥһ

˳ǵѶָķûñص㡣
ǼڵͬԶġˡв

ĺҡһ˴ʱǼڵӲĲʿȾħʿ

ľڣȻôħ
ĺҡһ˼ȼ⽣ԶһħǯƵĽڵӸ˳

ڳļڵӴ඼ԪӤΪħ֮УΪҲ

ĺҡ⽫ӽȳת񾳽ħޡ
Ϊܻ񾳽磬ĺҡԣ׾֮¡

տӿת˲ħޡ
ħ޲ĺҡΪҪת룬⽣նסȥ·

ʱʱħ޲ʶǰȵĽĺҡ⡣

ĺҡ⣿Ȼ㣡
ħ޾
⼸䣬ɽлûйĺҡκϢǶΪ˱չȥˡ
˭ϵڽգȻڶôһƫƧСĺҡ⣿

ĺҡ˻֮оʧ룬ȴûϵһ˲ħ޵ҪѡԱΪ

˵ľٶĺҡ̧⽣ת˲٣˵س׷ס˵ԱΪ

ѾЩ˹ǿʧȥ˻ȥĶȻȻѡԱĵز






155.  һʮ   ħŰĽѩ⡭


ʧȥħ޵İ, µħ޺ܿ챻ǼӸˡ

ĺʦ㡣
ܿ죬һӿ첽˹ĺҡԭ

⼸Ӷ̷, Ϊһ, ȴⶫһƫƧС⣬Ȼ֮ħޡ

ĺҡǰ⼸ӽǽ̷, δ⣬ֻӦһ
⼸鷳ħ֮, ǡ

̷, ԭ˵Ǻ¼, ɾڴ˿, Ϊ׵ӼĺҡҪ뿪һ˲, ĺʦ㣬һǽӵʦִϢŸĵġ

ĺҡŲ΢, תʵԶʦ֣

ԶҲǡ·ԭеҪ֮һ, ĺҡѾܾûˡ
Դ֮ǰ, ҳΪ½Һ, ˵ԶЭ, , ҼĹϵ˶˲١

·ԭ, Ҳһξ顣
Զ֮ʱ, ˴壬º󣬶Ƿˡ
֮, ҼأԶصңҼĹϵ͡

Ҽ֮ԶӦýҼ֮λȴڴʱ幫һ֮Ҽ֮λ
ԶԸ˳Ȩߵᣬصڡ

Ϣ֮˽ԳԶӽ֮ʵ

һ塭
һ޷Уټʱ׷ɱµ˺ֻ֢˰꣬ˡ
Ժһˡ

ִ֮Ȩתתֻص˴λȨС
Զʹңһƾʱ䣬Ҳһλ

һһеͬˡ
Զͬ·ԭ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ǰӽ͵ʦڶķħѩ󡣡

ѩ󣿡
Ȼѩ֣һʱ֮䣬ĺҡЩûӦ
ѩħ֮ǺĽѩһ𣿡

ӽ͵ʦִѶ˵ĽѩѶ֪µġ
Ľѩ⴫ԶѶУĽѩ⻹ѩΪĵص㶼һͬ߸Զ

ĺҡԣһü
ѩĽѩ֮ìܣ

ǵʢڼ䣬Ľѩѩ˿޼䣬ûаìܵġ
ǻɽĽѩڱħԵ֮ʱ˭ĻֻԸѡȥѩһ˵Ļ

ҲΪѩһĽѩ⳹ħġ
Ȼڷؽ֮Ľѩħ״̬٣ѩħˡ

УѲ²⣬ѩΪ˰Ľѩħ״̬ħġ
Ľѩ²һ㣬֮£Ľѩ⻹ѡ˽ѩĲ֮ظ֪Զ
Сֵĥˡ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ڡ·ԭУĽѩħ̬ȿʹ
Ľѩħ׽㶼ɱġ

˼ˣĺҡʵѩΪʲô磿
Ӵڡ

ĺҡӦĵѩԸչֳΪԲʵΪٵ̧һ󾳽硣
ڡ

ѩа
ǡ·ԭᰶȲ
֮ǰħ꣬ΪһԾϣ˳ڡ
ѩħüˡ

ǵжʲôʱʼĺҡʵ
֮ҹ

Ľѩǵж
ʦִѶ֮У˵ġ

ĺҡһ˲Ҳ²⡭ѩΪԲֹڡ
ԣĺʦ˵ĽѩѩΪ

ĺҡԣЦ£ŵ⵹ǣֻҴǰѩֵΪֻԼ
Ϊֻ˿Ϊѡ

ӵͷֵллĺʦ㣬ͽ¸֪ˣǶע⡣

ͬӽ̸ĺҡת뿪
̫뵽
ƢԵ˽⣬ѩԲܻʱ¡
Ľѩѩ˳ôʱأ

ڵΪһ⿹⡣
ҲԸСʦ뵽⵵
̫ˡ

صݷߣĺҡ΢̧ݷۣСʦ档
ݷʵ鶼𣿡

סΪħ֮ʣʮħ޶ѾĽڵӸƷˡ
ĺҡ͹ּСʦ棬߰ɡ
ݷӦá

붫ĵÿһ֮еĵ޾Ͷ
ĵȴԵΪ
ͬһ㣬ʿӽΪԼĿеʥء

֮Уһһҡ
ǰġһһҡָǵ֮һĽҡ
ĽұҳΪ½ң⡰һһҡеһұָǱ򱦸ҡ

Դʢ֮򱳿򱦸󣬼Ѹٷչ׳ڼ̵ʱ֮վ˸š
֮෴ģ¼ҡ
¼ҽ֮еĵλս͡˶²⣬¼һֲһεʢᣬͽ֮С

ĺҡݷһ·ڶҲһ˽⡣
պפǰĳǳء

˴פزԶ
ĺҡѾܹܵԼϳ֮Լ
ܸܵȻҲζϳҲܵõɲ

ĺҡݷ۵еĵ磬ڵӷֺþûŵĽƴϳˡ
פĳǳ֮У̽Ѱһ󣬱һҿջݷۺĺҡ˵͡

ǰϳСڱչأҽӵѶ֮æϵ˳УǰҡСǶ͡ƽ͵
ٹգϳС֮ʱһǳ˼ǰҡСѵġ

Ϊݷۺĺҡⰲźڵڵס֮ͬݷ۽̸ãȥ
ҹɫܿ콵٣»ˮ㣬䣬շվԺеݷ

ĺҡվݷԶƼݷһ˪ѩİ׷īһĺڷԭѩҲȾŨīɫ
ī£»շ֮£ݷ˹㣬ֵ

ĺҡ߹ȥСʦ档
ݷתڵһǣҡ⣬ҡ⣬ҡ⡭

Դһգõ֮ÿһҹĵһҪະ顰ҡ⡱С
ĺҡӦţСʦ棬ء

ݷĺҡӦǵõһ㣬ÿüۼȾϼЦ⣬֪ڣҲء

ҹﲢԲ֮ҹ
ҹɫ֮ʱѾˡ

ݷĺҡԺУĺҡ衣
ûãкɢ

֮ݷ۽еݸĺҡ⡣
ĺҡӹ裬µͬʱȻһ¡

֮ǰ̷ĵӣ˵жǽҹ

ĺҡ⽫е֮󣬷²豭ݷۣСʦ棬ҹȥһϷòã
ʱӦеģǽҹᷢ飬Ȼ˵֣ҲԲܴ

֪֪ˣս

ݷԣӦá

һӺ󣬵ݷȻ˺գĺҡΣɽׯϷ
ĺҡⴹȥʶȻɨƼΪؼһĻ

ɽׯħŰĽѩ⽫еذͱѩ

ˮת
ĺҡĬȻ˵





156.  һʮ   ¥뿪ʱ񡭡


ǰ

Ľѩɽׯʱ, ЩɽׯǰֵصӻҲδӦ

ˣ
ֵصӼĽѩûӦ, 㳢ֻһˡ
ƼĽѩ⾶ֱɽׯȥ, ̲סͷЩ⡣

ʱ, ˶ЦӦһôյķˡЩӣ
ֵصƼĽѩһϮѩȹת˲ʧڳȾͷ, Ҳٶ롣

Ľѩ߹, ΢Ϯ, ĻǼ⡣
ͣ½Ų, ̧ȥ

ѩһɽׯĻˡ
֦ͷ, ɽׯС

Ľѩվڻ£վ˺һ
һ仨΢紵׹, ƮĽѩǰʶȥӡ
Ƕ۰׻֮, ָϸи㡣


֪˶, Ľѩѩ, תȥ

ѩվڳ, һϮ¿, 
βһĨɫĴ, , ұ档

Ľѩѹ֮££ָĻա
תѩ, ѩǰų磬ô𣿡

ѩĽѩŵǶ仨Ӧʵճȥȥ˳У
Ľѩ˲⣬۽΢Լ£ӦûУɽׯߡ

ϲ֪ô£ƿ㣬ɽׯɢɢġ
Ľѩţָֽ򿪣еĻ˹ȥü䣬磬ǰµĻˡ

ҼǵáǰĽңĻÿڣûͻῪĽѩ΢˻㡣

ʱң磬н㡭
Ľѩ˵˴ʱһ١
ðΣżˡ

ѩ߳ȣվĽѩǰʰĽѩеĻĽѩⷢ䡣
У͵ͳûϵ㻹ҡ

ǻб˴˿š
Ҳֻб˴ܹš

Ľѩᴹ֣们䣬סȻָ߬⡣
ֻб˴˿ˣΪʲô绹Ҫѡħأ
֪ڶĵʱħ󣬾͸ˡ

κħĳ֣ȻҲԼ

ûϵ硣
ҹһжõġ

Ľѩ΢ۣԣ磬ǻб˴ˡ

ܿ죬㵽ҹ
ҹĻ»ˮ

Ľѩ֮ʱԶԼʱѽ
ͣķת˳ȥ

ܿҹɫɽׯ֮С
ԶѾɽׯ֮⡣

ԶѾ򿪵ɽׯſڣתԲԶĵѣɽׯ֮һС¡

ѩħ֮ڶġ
ڶĵϣһһΪڶ֮ףӦҲ֪¡

ԶĽѩ⴦֪ѩټΪ󣬱㽫֪ͨ˽ڡ
ɳģΪ˴ͷ֮һ

ԣӦлѡ
ⲼҲħѩٶǧǰ¥Ϊĵġ

˽ɽׯɽׯڵˣֽƶȡ
ܿеڵϳɽׯֵصĵݣȵЩӺҵˡ

֮ǰѩ󱻱ħϢ֮ûãͶƽѩҳ
ѩӴ˲

񡭡
ɽׯУħѩ󣬻ӵڴ

вѲ³Щʲô
ҽѩҳֻǱֻɽġ
ʵڰѾѩ֮ˡ

Զԣ˼Ƭ̣ҵҪ򡭡

Լ֮Уλڶݸĵں֮⣬ĽڡҶҡԼλңλ¼ҡ
κһפڱѩԭ

֮УΨ¼Ƕռһչġ
һҶѾħѩڰв¡
ô˿̵Σӣ

ԶĲԼͬͣ½Ųָ⴦ӳһĨֱڴѶ
УԼĲ²⡣

ѩפڶģΪѩڶģ

Զһ˲Ѹ̽ʶ
ɽׯڸֲҵӽѾƷ

ԶĺܿħŰΪصԺӡ

ħգѩվԺǰ˵ĵһƣ˹
ԺУȴûһ˿һħɢȥ

ѩ֮ĵط࣬˿̼ѾħѩҲûʲô뷨
ȻԶƼѩħŰȴΨֻԺûбħȾ֮ʱЩӡ

ѩ󱾾Ͳ˷ϻָһ̧ٿħѸӿȥ
ħŰ֮Уһ̽ɨ

ѰħҪôǵҪôǱȴ
ѩһ
ԸħΪĽѩħġ

ѩ󼴱ħȴܹý
˵ħ֮ѩеĽͽӱˡ
һ֣Ǻһ



ԺеĽѩһ
ãߵԺŴִԺţ̧ۿԺ



硭
Ľѩ⿴ħ֮еѩҧŴ꣬͵ͳ


ѩٶȻӳһⰵħԶնȥ
ĽѩеĽ¡

ѩתžŰħֻһ֮Ľѩ⡣
ĽѩۣעйȻ١

ѩŲƣĽѩߡ
ȥҪסĽѩ֣ħӿĽѩѩ׵ȹȾЩ

ѩȻһ١
Ľѩʵ磬ħ𣿡

ѩ󲢲
ĽѩʣΪҲħ𣿡

Ľѩѩ󲻴ħ֮Уѩǰ磬ΪʲôҪΪħأ
ڣǶץˣˡ

Ľѩ۽ᴹһ۽Ǵ۽Ǵ䡣
ѩȥ۽ǴǵᣬĨȥ

ھʹߣǻһطԼȥ⼸һȥ
ѩסĽѩ֡

ֵʱԶٶƹѩĽѩгٶȻӳ




ȴڴʱһĵʹѩ
ѩᴹŴ͸Ǳذס
ǵذףصΪĽѩġΪһذס
ѩϣ˿մȾѪ

Ľѩѩ͸ذͱѩ

磬ǵҸ˵һľħͱ˵ƭ
Ľѩ۽͵ͳɹȥǼ£ȫռˡ

Բ𡣡
Ľѩذףذ˻
ѩһ£

Ľѩȥ˷סԼһ𣬵ڵϡ

ѩ̧Ľѩ⣬ӹһ˿Ӳ
ǡøоʹģɴ˿ȴԼпյģһϯڱѩ֮С

ѩʵô𣿡

ĽѩƼѩһϮϱӿѪȾ쳣ۣѪӿ
ȥסǵԼͱ˿ڣҧԼаֵ

Ѫܿ콫ĽѩָȾ졣
ӦǵģҺܺޡ

磬ҵĵ¡±޼ĴڣƭҡĽѩЦҲƭ㡣



ĺҡݷڰ
ĺҡʶ̽ĽѩͱӸѩһĻɵǺһϷ

ͬʱĺҡʶѸչɽׯڵҲɽׯڱƶȵʿȫӵܡ
һ˲Ժ֮Ѹӹһ⣬뵽Щʲô

ѩħʵڵʢ֮µġ
ʢʱһλɽ֮еıȴҲ¥һƶ

ĺҡѲɣѩħ֮⼸ꡭûͬ¥ȡùϵ
꣬¥뿪ʱ̫ɡ

¥ǾԲưոݵġ






157.  һʮ   ĽѩܹҪ׵ġ


ĺҡ˼Ƭ, ѹеǣٴ̧ȥ
һ߿һ߸Եݷ۽еĹϵ

Ǹ¡ͱһ, ѩ, ҲǽڵӣͬһΪ洫ӵˡ
һ쿼˴, Եһĳɼѹ˵ڶ

ݷԣ΢, ĺҡ, ҡ
ллСʦĿ佱ĺҡ´, ڽʱ, ѩ֮УĽѩ⡭ҲǴ˿ͱѩһһ֮, ѩѡ

Ľѩʱҵʧɢ׽㡣
ĺҡû˵ԼǲĽѩʧɢ׽㣬ݷҲûȥѯ¡
ֻǾעĺҡ⣬ĺҡĻ

»շĺҡ΢۽, ṴվƯ֮, ֶЩ͡

, ҴӦˡ
˵˴ʱ, ĺҡת, ʵСʦ, ֪ΪʲôӦ𣿡

ݷ˲۽, Ӧ֪֪, ս

ʲôν֮ͬ꣬Ҳʲôνͬ顣
ʱӦ, ֻΪѡ

ĺҡݷ۵Ļش䣬˼Ц⣬Сʦ棬һ¾Ͳµˡ
ݷʵǲ֤֮Ϭ

ĺҡͷӦǣ֮Ϭ
һֱϬ
ûݷеκεĲʣеֻ˳ĵĳ졣

Ҫ˵һˡ
ĺҡ´ǣɽׯеļˣ̫һ򵥸ݷ˵˵
ϸڣһ̫еĲϸڣһ̫еĲϸڡ

һҹܹôɺϵʱѩĽѩǰԼ£;̫أ
ѩԼ棬ȴʼնûгֹ

ҹС˵ϢŴæȥġ

ĺҡ⽫ϸڼӹֻصԭĻϣ֮Уͬѩһܣʡ

˵ѩΪʷɣһˡ֮ƶؾУҸһؾѩֻӽһΣԪӤΪ

ѩڿ˴ʱǽΪ
綼ѩһˣȴƶؾ֮չֳԪӤΪ

вѲ³Щʲô
Ϊ޲ס

ƶؾҪͬ̽ؾ֮УѩһؾҲû룬ҪºὣɱˣЩ̫Ծˡ

ݷ˴ʱ͵ͳһҲ
仰͸Ŷѩ˵Ĳ

ĺҡԣЦ£˲ȥˡ
һһѩӶչĵ⡣
áĽˡ

ƶؾ֮ѩȥˡ
ԺѩĽʶˡ
УΪĽʾʢᡣ

˵ѩĺҡ⻰һת˵Ľѩ⡣
Ľѩ⡭

ĺҡ⻰΢һ٣ȴδ
Ľѩ˭
ĽѩĽѩá

Ľѩأ
ĽѩڵĽұ֮ڶĻɽˡ
Ǹ˽֪Ϣ

ĺҡǰڽĽѩļνʡ
ûȰ˵Ľѩ⣿
С

̷һΡ
֮һΡ
ƶؾ֮УһΡ
ʢϣɽһΡ

Ľѩڡ·ԭ֮УһһΣÿһζڿҪ֮߳ʣĽѩ˻ȥѡѩߡ

²
ѾĴˡ
ֲǺ޽٣ҲǴġ

Ľѩ˻ɽ
ĽѩܹҪ׵ģģǱˣԼ

ֵĺҡ˼֮ʱɽׯڱ
Ľѩѩǵ˿ڣѪȴôҲֹסָ֮˳ָȾʺ졣

ĽѩⲻԼȥѩǵ˿ڡ
ڴ˿̵ѩԣġ

Ľѩ磬Բ𡣡
ڻɽԼûܹ񣬲ħġħĺе

ѩ󲻸ôħ
ĽѩԴӵ֪ѩħһֱ뷨
Ҫһж

ڻɽĽ˵塣
壬һеħ᲻ıɹ

Ľѩⲻöȡ

ĺҡΣö񻷱Ľѩȡ֮ʱµĽѩô

öڵ֪ĽѩĽŹʱصĽѩġ
꣬Ľһδ֮ǰĽѩʳĽЯĵرȥڣʦöʵ񻷡

һöǸѾĽѩ⣬һöȴǸʱδκʵĽѩġ

˵ûгκ
Ľ˵Ϊţǳ֮ﰡ

Ľѩⶪö񻷣ΪֻǽԼʳ¶
ĽѩҪѩħɹ

ĺҡöĽѩڵ֮ϵ񻷣

Ľѩûö񻷣ħײʣ
ĵʹɫ˲ò԰ס

ԭԭʶ֮£ħôʹ

Ľʦã
Ľѣ

ԶԶģȴڴ˿̱Ȼ󷨸ˡ
Ľѩѩ󣬳ʵħҡڻɽʱҾ͸ħˡ

ʱڻɽöð
Ҳġ

ĽҶڶطˡ

磬յϵħħġ
ĽѩҰϵħ֮ܲܳ׷ɱ

ԶĽѩ⣬ȴδӦ
ĲĽѩѩһС͵Ĵ
δɣ̧ĴӿҪСʹͣȴֺѾˡ

ѩǱͱһƶ㣬͸硣
ĽѩĶȥץĽѩ֣ͣ

Ľѩûȥѩ۾ҧŴһԣħֵʹ
һõ׼

⼸䣬ѩɽׯ֮Уѩƽõʲôö͸
˿̣ѩǰЩӻЩ֮Уһ͸ġ

ڶħ֮ʹԲѩĴڡ
ѩħȫˣҲԲ׷Źѩ

Ҫѩ뿪

ʱĽѩ⽫ѩħվˣ󷨲ų
Ľѩץסѩ֣ԥѿ

󷨵Ĺ⻪֡
һ˲˵Ӱʧɽׯ֮С

ѣ׷鵽뿪ķ𣿡Զ

Ŀ۲Զ󷨺ۼӹһ˲ɡ
ղĽѩ󷨣һ

֪ΪΣԼĲ

ѹԼеɻָӳһĨѸ׷ٶȥ
գĿĵأǻɽ

Զԣԥתӳ
Ķ£δ׷ȥǻȥͣڴ󷨵ǰ
о˰ΣԼ˲Ծ

ʱеǰѯʣЩƷӵܸô졣
ĳѾ﷢¸˵ڳϣܿͻｫЩʿߡ

˵գתķųŻɽڵķȥ

ĺҡݷת˲˴
ĺҡⶢһۣ΢Сʦ棬ղ󣬶𣿡

ݷ⿴һۣӦ

ĺҡⴹ棬һöѪ񻷡
һѩöϵѪþ

ĽҵĶôѩѪմȾȥأ

Сʦ棬ǲȥɽȥһĿĵء
á

ĽѩȻܹ뵽һ󷨵ĿһĿ
ôܹ֪ǴĿĵأ;Բǽѩȥĵط

ĽѩȥǻɽѩĽѩ⴫һط

ĺҡ̧ɫ
ҹ¹⣬






158.  һʮ   ԭ侲ģ


Ļɽ
ҹɫ֮, һĨ⻪Ȼڴ˴

ȻĹ⻪еĴڣô˵Űħ
ĽѩײײĴӴ߳

ֹɷ޵ĺҹĽѩһ˲, ׼һ, ҹɫȥ
Ѿûпʵ񻷣屻ױ¶, ħӿ

ħʱʹĽѩš
ԼƬӺĽѩɽһڴ

»ˮ, ˴ڴյԼɼ
ĽѩŲԶһʯ
ðκ, ż, ײײǿʯǰ

ʱʯǰ, Ľѩڵء
¹շĹ⻪עʯϵݡ

Ľѩ֮, ¶ˡ

֮Ľѩָ֣ᴥʯϵÿһ֡
ָһһġЩ, ֱЩֶμС

ĽûˣҲû, ȴΨһ˹ϡ
ǵһеס

񡭡ҲΪ˾, ѡ
ǽڵ洫, ѩ, ˡħ֮, ǵЩʲô

, ġ
Ľѩջ, ҡͷ
дǱذף˿̱˳

¹֮£ذ׷ѩĹ⻪
ذ׵, մȾѩѪ

ʱذȥͱѩ󣬿ܿ
ѪӿʵƾʿʣãֹסѪ

粻ġ

Ľѩָ΢սذףȴͻȻ뵽Щʲôٶȿǰʯ̣ĵһġ

ĽѩվԵıҹɫ

ħŰת˲Ľѩ·
һѩȹҡҷţħûˡ

֮ħӿ䣬ʧȥ䷭ӿԴͷƽϢ

ɽһͻأ졣
ذ׹̶





ĺҡݷûʱ䣬ҵһ͵Ŀĵأת˲˺գ˵ء

Ľѩյ󣬶ǿ
䴫ͳķΧԾڶĵ֮С

ڶĵ棬һĸߴ֡

ĺҡǰѸ̽ʶӶ
ܿ죬ݷ˴֮

ѩѾڴ˴
ĺҡͨ̽˵صĺۼ²ѩ뿪ķ׷˹ȥ

ѩȥҪȥ
һҪȥ

ƾͷѩ˲Լ˿ڣ֮¡

ʱĳһ̣ѩһڵϡ
ľʹ޷ǰ߶벽ָٽ档
Ѫν

ûˣܻͻʹ

ˡ

ѩȻ޾
Դһλھʿ˲䱬ת˲ɱΪγ

ĺҡѩŪĶ
ȻϣѩΪԲĽѩ⿴Ҹ߸Զڡ

ڵ֮޶ߡ

ѩڵϡ
Ҳţڱ֮
ĸܣˮ֮˱ס˺ԼԼͨңңյһˣĺһһᡣ

ʱһ˲ѩ󻺻۾
һѪβԽĨɫ룬

ĺҡ׷κȻסˡ
ѩĺˡ

ѩˣ

ĺҡͣ½Ųһ˲üͷʵСʦ棬֮⣬бΧ𣿡

˭ɱѩ

ʱݷ̧⣬ڵϵǵӰҲ̫ȷǹġ

ĺҡԣɳ
ݷ͵ָסĳԼ췣ȡ˿Ϊ֮

ʿУΪ
ʿΪ״˾֮ʱн׽ɹ˴˽ףǴʿƳǶɲ˽ף١
֮٣ˡ

֮Ҳһֹ

ĺҡݷ۵ĽͣתѩڵϵӰԾǲ⡣
ʲôɱѩ

ĺҡԾɾЩ˼飬·ôˣ
վڴ˴˺һһҪȡǿ壬ϵͳķӦ
ݷߣϵͳҲΡ

ðκĺҡȻѩѾˣǾͻȥɡ
һϷΪ֪ķչ뾭Լ֡
֮һѾˡ
ⳡϷûбҪٿȥˡ

ݷӦá

˼ȥ
֮УΪѩǰһԾɪɪţҿһ

»ˮշ䡣
ĺҡᴹȥָ⴦һĨ¹⡣
ɫһԺ֮Ȼֳ֮ǰһĻĻ档

ʢڼ䣬ڻɽþ֮ʱصǧǰ֤¥ɽ洫ӳΪĴħͷĹ̡

ڼǧǰ¥ĵȷȷǱʦɱ̨ϵġ
ҹ»̨̺֮ϣ¥Ӳ˹

¥ʵڹ

˼ˣĺҡŲ΢٣֪ˣ



֮Уž
ٶ»ž׵ζ

»ѩһϮȾѪϡ
ѩԾɽ˫ۣβĨɫѪĻ˼ұޡ

ˡ
ҹɫ֮УԼٵ֮зϸ졣

صѩ֮ʱһת˲ɨЩƾնϡ


տ⽫˵ĺҡ΢˲併٣ǹ֮ͣУ޷ӽѩ֡

ǧǰЩ¥縴ģ

ĺҡ⽣ЩԿ⽣졣

ҹĻ֮£жת˲֮˱仯
ӿ١

ĺҡ̧ȥѸжϳ췣ǰס
ֹЩĽ٣Ȼ췣ͷ

ǲɵƣ



ҡ⣡
ݷ۽ĺҡϣѹĴ󲿷ѹ

ĺҡԾǶҹĻ֮мٵ췣΢٣ʵСʦ棬췣ɡ
ʲô췣Ҫأ

ûУʲôû
ݷ۾עĺҡ⣬ҡ⣬ûд⡣

ĺҡ۽һ˲
ջĿ⣬ܵЩԾҪѩϣѩ󸴻

ˡ
ĺҡͻȻжȥסݷ۵֣Сʦ棬ȥɡ

֪ݷ۵ʹã췣Ҫʹòǡ

ΣվҪЩѩ󸴻һΣɱһΣ

ĺҡ⽫˻
תݷۣȴݷûгֻ̧ҹĻ֮Ѹپۼ췣

ĺҡкȻ˲̫õԤУһ˲Сʦ棿
ûֹЩĽ٣Ϊ췣ɢȥ

췣۶Ϸγؽơ

ݷ۳ҵġ
תĺҡ⡣

ĺҡսе⽣
еǿ建ֳһĨ⻪ȴǴǰһ񻪣ǵտ⻪
Ĩտ⻪Ʋʲôѿ

ݷȥָ壬Ĩտ⻪ص֮Уĵڻʱ

𣿡ݷ۳ʵ

ĺҡ⿴ݷۣ´ȴδ
Ű

ݷۼҡ⣬Ҫ侲

޷侲
ĺҡĵ

ݷ۵ǵͰ׷ˡ

ĺҡգۣ۽͸¶˿̼ΪĲƽ
ô侲

췣ѸپۼҹĻ˺ѿת˲磬ȴԵΪɲ

ĺҡһԼʵҪ侲أ
һΣֻһѡݷ۵

ĺҡһͬ⡣
췣ľ޴죬һ𣺡Ҹô侲أ

һ˲ݷĺҡϴΪһ
ǰȥ

ĺҡˣҲǰ֮ľ
ǰӰ£գۣܵϢ

ԭ侲ģҪģֻҪһ˾ͺˡ
ݷۡ






159.  һʮ   ʲô֣Ҹá


췣ٶֵһ, Ȳģڶĵʿ
뽫Ŀۼڶĵ棬ҿҹĻ֮±췣˲˺ѵĲ⻪, ɵһ
, ˸ܵ췣Ϊɲѹϯʱ̲סһ

˭
˭ŭ
Ҫֲ֮췣
˲ɵ˵

פؾڶġ
ȶ췣ǵڵĽƴ, ܵ췣֮˺, ת˲ָ

δȽƷӦ֮ʱ, ӭ췣֮ת˲ѡ
Ҳû, ӳǧ, Ӳס췣Ĳ

ȿȣ
췣, ȻȳһѪ

Ƽ״̲סһ¡
ĨȥԼǱѪĵ˭췣Ȼܲס췣

һ췣, ҹ룬һֱ֮ʱ
ʱ֮, Ϣ, ڸҿ֮췣еλá

ٽ췣֮ʱ, ٽĸļλʿҲ˺, ת˲
Ƽվ췣֮رԵĽ, ԼͬĹʵƴ, ⳡ췣ɵģ

οЦ, ϵǸ°ⳡ췣ҵģûˡ

ûã˼λʿ
ʱʱ, Ҷ˺գģܿϵ˵ء
ƣѯһ췣Եɡ

Ҳ췣֮󣬲˴ġ
վ˰ҹҲû췣˭ûŪ

Ҷ״ûƴϣ·ʲôûŪ
Ʊ뷴ɷԼûʲôɷģֻա

ֲ֮ѰһѹԼеɻ벻⣬Ÿȥ

ƬӺ󣬽ƻصפ⡣
ԭûҶ˺գ˽ߣʵƴϣ˵ɣʲô£

˴ʱƲƤЦ飬ݵ֪գǰڶģǰݷϳС档
ҰǰҡСסҵڡ

뿪ôæҲûйע⡣

ǡľڷôһ£λǰѵһҲ
ƴʼվûпݷ۳Ƭ֮й

Ҷԣһ
˼Ƭ̣ߣȥڿ

ƴˣȻص˵ڡ
վԺ֮ʱҶѾ

ҶǰȥԺţȴҲûӦ
գѡƿԺţԺС
Ժвûκ쳣֮ȴҲûκλĺۼ

ҶıӰɵǰʱ£뿪Ҳһ

ҶҲû룬ͷܣСʦԲ˵˵һ䣬ȥ
ʱ뿪СʦҲһѶڴ˵ġ

κλ

ҶվԺ˼ãеĲѹҹڶĻһ顣

ԣЩ⣬ô㶼֪ҾȻ֪
Ҷԣתľͽڽεʲô¶ˣȻ֪Щ顣

Ƶ罫λýСźöǵ

ҽ洫ӡ֮ħѩ󱻷ˣҵĵԶǵڵĵ׷
ҹҵӴһѶңб䡣

Ѿȥֻ̽һʱ֮䣬ûеõϢѡ

פڡ
Ĵ֮УΨ¼ңռһû֮⡣

Ҷ䣬һĻ֮ת˲䵽С
κǵѶҶɢȥѱˣѾȥˡ

˺գÿ󣬶Ѿ޷ٽˡ

Ҽ
ԡ
ƵĻû˵꣬㱻Ҷϡ

ҼûԡҶüҹѩйϵ
˵˴ʱҶԶһѶѯҹ֮¡

˼Ƭ̣ɵȻѱ䣬Ϊѩģڶģ
Ľʲôر֮
֮ǰһʢ

ǰʢ᣿
ҶһۣԼͬ¥磡

Ҷ΢뵽˵¥ȥ֮ǰ˵һ仰
ħ֮ҵΪøˡ

򵥵һ仰֮С
˭ФߵΪ
ħܹ֮ʹΪӾ

ľж˵֮λΪ˱ĴϣԭΪܹһ;ٶ

գвҼڳ¥һ仰
ұ֮һ

ҶռҪЩʲô˼ס
ͬĵ

Ҷɫ¼ҡ
¼ҡ

ܹΪ¥£Ŀ꣬ԭ֮һҶռһ
ôͬռ¼أ
¼һ᲻ҲѾΪ¥£Ŀ֮һˣ

ԣҼǵãں¼ĵӡ
˵˴ʱƵѶȥ¼Ұڵĵӡ

ƬӺ󣬽ƵõϢ¼֮ǰɽȥˡ

ɽ磬ҪˡƳ

Ҷԣȥһ˻ɽ
ԶصѶĶڻɽѰѩĽѩټ

ɽħŰӲѡ
ԶֿѰ˵ټ

ʶ̽̽Ѱһкۼ
һ̣ĺۼ

Լʱ֮ɽЩڵϵѪ
˳Ѫһ·ȥƼһѩɫ½ǡ

˵һǰĿڴһƬѪ
΢΢µü񾲣˾˯һ㡣

ĳһ˲
Ѿܲ˵ĺˡ

κ߹ȥ
ͶӰóġ
δ߽Ӱӱһ䵽ĽѩϷ

Ҳһ̣һ͵͵
Ƽǵʹ۽һ˲ɵĵ

һ˲ǰ˻۾˹
ָۣ΢£дã֮ɫ

Ҳڴʱֲǰϸĺ
üǰһеĵȷȷʵġ
ǰܳһжǻþ㡣

ǰǰˡûʧȥ
ĺֻ̫΢޴Ӳ

Ͽߣ˿˿ЩãͲ顣
Щ֣ȴֲ֪Щ֡

·һʡġȴʼ޷ͱƵס˰㣬ĸоĳá
ĵûйã

ʼûг˵
ʵ˭

Ľѣ㲻ǵˣ
һԼѯʡ

Ľ˭
ָָԼʵеġĽѡ𣿡

ûлش𣬱ʵ֪ҽʲô𣿡

Ľѩ⡣
еɻ󣬱شġ
֪ΪΣȴĽѩ⡱ѿڶ

Ľѩ⡣
ظһ顰Ľѩ⡱֣ʵʲô֣Ҹʶ𣿡

ļԼҪش
˶ãЦſá

һġ赭дЦǸšСһڵЦ
ΪߵĽƴϣҲûмڸ߸ϵ顣


ݿܣ޷

ã૵

ģҽġ






160.  һʮ   ǰ˶


ġ
, ̧ݼŵߣ, ΪʲôҪߣ

ȡ

գ, á
վǰ
ѩȹȾѪ, Ķ΢΢¡

ָ֣΢, ᴥϵ, ָһ
ԳΪ֮, Ĵδǰµڴ˿ɶ, ׹ڵأϸ΢졣

һ, ü絶ī㣬Ƶī͸ųγ
ɫͬһİ, òȫȻûа㹥, һȥ, ֻʥ봿⡣

ڵ, , һ, Ⱦֳ

һ, ʰǿ, ֽۻϣסݡ

ʱ˿̣Զһ
ԶԶ, Զ㿴ĽѩģƼĽѩһѪĽʦã㡭

תˣʵҲʶ𣿡
ԶŲ΢٣ĿĽѩϴƬ̣ʵĽʦãʧˣ

ʲôǵˣ˭
Զ߹͵ҽԶǽڵӡĽʦãҲǽڵӡ

ڡӣ
ԶյĳʵŵĽҵĽأ

ĽʦãĳΪˮˮ
Զ룬Ȼ΢٣˰Ρ
Ľѩˮڼ֮ǰѾˡ

գԶֻó͵ĽʦãˮˣδҵµĽ
ʵûˣǽڵ𣿡
Ϊûн

ǵڵӣҽڵӣԲҪý
Զ˵˴£ġ

գۣڻعڵǵޣǽޡ

ᴹ˼ţκ󿪿ʵҵˮˣҾͲǽˣҿԳΪ𣿡

ԶҲû룬ڵԡ
ӭĽѩⲻ⿴Ŀ⣬һ˲Ľʦãֻʧ˶ѣָ֮Ҳ١

ָ䡭
Զһ뵽ָ䡱ʣȴá
ҹĽѩħѩʱʹ಻顣

ָ䣬Ľѩ˵Ǻ
᲻Ϊʹ࣬Ľѩѡʧȥ˼䣿

ת֮УƽջĿ⡣
Զ˼֮ʱմһ󲨶ҶȺ˺ѵ˳

Զ񣬿ԼʦʦҺ׷ѰֻĽʦãȴûҵѩ󡣡

ǹϡ

վм䣬ǰ֮߳Ҷͽƣδκζ

û뵽ԼüǰҵǸ޵ĺҲ̲סһγʵĽСѣ㻹ǵҰɣ˵ѾˣҪҪҵа

ҶƳ־ӽڹ˵ĽƣƽƴϵǺģҵ棬Ȼˣ

ƤЦӦţҲûĽѩͬ⡣
ǰĽѩüζܾһҲ޹
ֻǿϧôһ޵ӣȻȥѧˡ

á


Ľѩʶ̾һ
ɫ΢һ٣ղĽѩ˵Ǹ֣ãŷӦ

˷ܵĽСѣǴӦˣ

ҵˮˣͲǽˡ
ȥУǲǲҪ

ǵУΪǵޣȻҪýƽ͵
תҶЦҶҼǵ֮ǰ׿˵ģܹǽڹߵĵӣǾԲġ

ҶԣĽѩ⣬ʵǾˣ
ȻˣڱԽ㽣ŵӵƳɽƴϡ

ҶĽѩ⽫óطĽѩ뽣ڵĹϵ
طȳ֮ʱҶеĵת˲һγɢȥ

ԶĽѩǿƱٵȻֲ̫ʵĸо
ǵ֮ǰĽѩʱĽѩһһ֮У͸©Ŷڽ޵ļᶨ

Ľѩ⻹˵һ쿼˴ϣҾԲٴ洫֮λ
꣬Ľѩڽ޵ļᶨɢ
Զ

Ҷ״ͬƽ̸󣬴Զһ
֮ңҪڡһ
Ҫ黹ܶࡣ

ߣƴĺĽѩص˵ڡ
屾ʺ޵ʣĽѩڣ˼ãȴʼղ֪Ľѩ˭Ϊʦ

գƴһѶϳС棬ѯʴ¡
ϳɻѶ֮Уֻһ仰Ҳͽ

ʱվڽǰǵѶʵ˭Ѷ
شϳСѶ

ϳɡС棿


ϳڻ֮Уȴٶȳ֡
ǵһ

֮ҿԲʦÿһﶼѧϰһʱ䡣

ԣһ˲ֵǸ⡣

ȥһأƵ૵

ġ
ȥڵķ



һ췣֮ʱݷΪĺҡһе侲

һƬĹ⻪˸䣬ĺҡݷۣʧȥʶ
ʧȥʶǰһ˲ݷĻ

𣿡
㡣

ĺҡʶ߳һΡ

ξҵúܡ
ʱһǰĽѩ߱ħͱһĻ
ʱһʱʱʵʱݷ۵ģ
ʱһǻľһ

Լ֮УһЩԻ

ʲô
ڵһˡ

Ǹ˶ˣ
ꡣ

Ѿܾ˰˻ûҪȥһ𣿰˴һ㣿
⣬ȴҲûһش

ĺҡãûǵĻش
Ȼѹ

ĺҡһ˲̧ȥ
Ѱİջҹ
˲Զ˸ǳ

ǰϤ

ǵôǰ
ǹ٣ѩ󸴻ֹ췣
һ췣

ĺҡվ˼Ƭ̣뵽ԼϤںδ
ǰĳǻ

Уңң

ǻ

ĺҡ£̽ԵĳСʦ棿
ǵ췣ʱݷǸһģȴûƼݷ۵Ӱ

֮ħӣĺҡⲻȷԼ״̬һ᲻ᱻЩħ
ֻܽӰڻ֮С

Űɽе
ĺҡÿһܵ˼
ߵúܼѡ

ʱʱĺҡ֪Ϊʲôڼǧǰ¥ôԴһˣҲҪڲ˾֮󣬲Ÿˡ
֮µʿ֮У֮У޷ߵ̫Զ

ĺҡû̫ã㱻֮еˣѪѩ׼˳
жֻۣѪϢЩ˯ڻеħ

ÿһʱ䣬ĺҡͣ½ŲԼ˿ڡ
ǵ֮ǰħ֣һϵľǷһ塣

ħɵһͬģҲͶԷһʮС
ĺҡз˵ҲҹදãֻܽԼþòѪ˿ǿ

ĺҡ˺ܾá
ǰĻܴԶҲҲ߾

Ҳְҹĺҡ֪жãֻƾԼֱȥߡ

ʱĳһ˲ӭһ֮е
ĺҡ̧⽣ǵӭϡ
ڻдôһʱ䣬Ҳ˴˴һЩɡ

ĺҡӭǵ֮ʱԶӳһͬǿ
ĺҡϮĹȴʱ޷ٶñ
е⽣ǰš

ת˲֮䣬ĺҡ˾ȥǵнǰΣˡ


⽣Ļ֮УԵΪС΢
ϾȫһҲ޷ڻ֮Ĳ

տǰǵͬʱĺҡϮǵѾ˽ǰ
ӽĶϵŵǿ巺΢⡣

ĺҡսе⽣

䡭
ˡ

ƺƴĺҡ֮ʱĲת˲ͣ

һӰϢĺҡߡ
ĺҡȫһʹţԵĶתȥ

ī£΢⻪շ£
Ϊһ壬ȴ޶֮Ĵ

ĺҡ⿴ݷ۵üۣʶǰûгʱӴݷۡ
üۼûŵƽͬȴһħ㡣
ӵһüۣħһʡ

ĺҡ۽һ˲
ֻһݷۡ

Ҷݷȥ罻̸ʱҶ֪յݷҹɫʱݷʲô
ȥѵʱЩˡ
ݷۻصѩԭʱƼݷ״̬ת䡣
ҹʱĻ硣

ڻ״̬µݷǲʶκ˵ģƾԼ뷨ֱ¡

ݷǰˣʢ˵Ӱ
ȥָᴥĺҡβǵǳѪۡ

ָůĴݷʶǰ˶
뽫ԼĹѪ棬ʶ֯ܵ޷ֿ

Ҳȥ

ǿҡ






161.  һʮһ   ĺҡݷ֡


ݷ޳ָᴥĺҡβĨǳѪ, ͵ͳʵо𣿡
ݼ˼ǳѪֱۣϱ֮ҲѪۡ
ЩѪѾ, ѩ׼, Ϊۡ

ĺҡԣ۽գ, ðβŻشһЩС˶ѡ
β⡣

ݷָ⻺, ĺҡϵѪ۸û
ָ, ǱѩĴ, ŶմȾĺҡռů

ĺҡϵ, ݷ۴ָ⣬ȴһ˲ȥ, סĺҡ
䣬ǽ˪ѩź, ǹֻۡ޷Եľޡ

ĺҡ״δκγ, ݷ۵Ķ
ݷֱֽǼѾ˿, ȴٷſ, 

ĺҡСʦ桭
ݷԭ΢, Լס
ĵЩϸѩ, á

, ݷĺҡ⻽һСʦ桱, ̧עĺҡ⣬ʵڽ𣿡
ʵΪʲôСʦ棿

ĺҡ, ³ݷ۵״̬
²ģݷ۴ʱһֻ粻֮£ûκιļ䣬ȻҲͲǵˡ

˼ˣĺҡ⿪ڴΪСʦ氡ݷۣǽڵСʦ档
ݷ۵һǰҵɱˡ
˵ţ΢˴͸żֲ˵ζ

ĺҡ״ûУֻǲǵЩˡ
һˣȴɲΪִýִΪǱˡ

䣬Сʦ治ֻһ
ĺҡⰵ̾
ݷۼĺҡͻȻֲˣЩί֮⡣
뿪Ǳ㽫˴˻ȥ

ĺҡû뵽֮أܿһԺӡ
ݷԺУԺӾȻڱѩԭסǸط
һй춼һģһ

ĺҡƬ̣͵Сʦ棬㻹ǵԺӾڱѩԭסĵط
ݷҲû룬͵ƭˡģһһ㽨ġ

ôһ˵Ҳû
ѩԭѩ֮Уÿһ춼ݷƣȻҲסԺӡ

˼ˣĺҡһʱ֮侹벻ʲôԷ

ݷ۶ĺҡ⣬ʱעݼ顣
˿̣ĺҡ޻˵͵Ȼƭ˵ġ

Сʦ桭
ĺҡ⻰ﻹδ˵꣬ݷۼֹҲҪƭˡ

ݷ˵գ΢Ĺ⻪ʧԭء
֮ǰԺŸˡ

ĺҡãԺ˼š
Ϊʲô״̬µݷۻܺƭأ

˼ãĺҡҲûеõ𰸡
վԺдƬֽ̣ݡ

ĺҡƿŵһ˲ϵƻ⻪
ĺҡߵյǰҡҷ𣬻ȥ

ĺҡָ⼴ʱһƫһ־Բҡҷָ̬⡣

ƫЩס
֪ΪΣĺҡȻ䰵У˼ͬݷһί

ĺҡ´ջ֡
Ժתתþòݷۻվ׼ȥ뿪Ժӣȥݷۡ

ĺҡԺϣָſϡ
ϵǣȻûÿԺš

ڶΣĺҡſϵֶ˼ȴûܹԺš
ԺŴ汻סˡ

ǡ
ԺУܣ
ĺҡ˳״̬ݷ۵˼ȥ˼⣬ܿһ㡣

ĺҡղŵԺһ˿ɶȴʼûб򿪡
ĺҡ˼֮ʣԺŴЩƵָ˻ȥ

Ժ֮һ˿ɶָֻܺ״̬

˼⣬ĺҡָԾɴſϣʶ˼¡
ԭûжģ˿̲֪ΪΣȻɶһ¡
ĺҡûע⣬ֽˡ

ĺҡջ֣ûǿš
˿̵ΪǴ򲻹ݷ۵ġ
תֻصڡ

̺֮һֲͬ
ĺҡ޷ӻлȡԼ⽣ĵʱת֮١

ĺҡ֮ٵ׽˻һ˿о֮á
֪˶ãŽĨſȥ

ĺҡûеЩ֣˼Ϊϡٵֲּͬ
Ǵӻһ㣬ֻҡ

Ҫ֮жȡǼΪϡٵƱػĵԼ
Լ໻٣㡣

ĺҡûԥա
ֿʼԺ
ûֻǵıȻнʽ

ûãĺҡͣеĶ
Լʱ״̬ܲԾ˰㣬κ鶼᲻

뵡
ܵһʶ֮ϵľ뵡
־뵡ѾӰ˼

ĺҡ⽫⽣
ʶѾǴ˾ˣѵԵĳʴ

صڣĺҡǿ˼״̬
ǵ¥統֮еʱҲǴΪ˾ʶ

ȵ¥ӻг֮ǴΪȴǴ˳ڵΪǴڴ˾Ϊ۷塣
Ҫǣ¥һˣħˡ

ħܹڻУΪǱħ
ԡֻħܼڻ֮

˼ãĺҡᴹ۽޲£ûֿס־뵡ʴ˼֮䣬˴ߡ


⽣ĺҡ˿̲ĺҡ״̬΢΢ĺҡߡ

ĺҡüȥס⽣
ԼԽԽ˼˼ţԼҪ¶ݵ֣Լѹ

ʹܹʶݵѡ
Уʹĸ֪Ѱ˵ʮٱ
ʹܹʹ࣬µ״̬֮УҲҪ¸ݵ֣Լʶѹ
Ҳһȱ㡣

ʶҪֵݷۻʱ
ĺҡ˵
⽣Լֱۻȥ



ĺҡֻһҵΪʵ
ʶ뵡ϮܿΪʹѹ

ĺҡ⽣ᴹƽԼֱǵѪֹ˿ڡ
Ӵռó֮ûиǵ˿ҩͼ򵥰¡

ĺҡǰá
ǰ΢΢ҡҷ⣬Сʦ氡ôûлأ

ֱ־뵡֮ٶϮ֮ʱĺҡٶ⽣
һεľ뵡֮رңĺҡ⻹ӽ۽һ㵹ϡ

ϵ΢һ£װ
й⸡ֶݷ۵Ӱա

ݷ۸һƼſǰĺҡ⡣
ȥ˱𣬷ڴϡ

ȥҵ˻ͨɽͨѾˣûٽɽˡ
ǲҵġ
ԼֲȥΪҪȥͨ

ĺҡʱ㸡ֳһ뷨
һҪҵͨ

ݷ۵û߶ð
дŲ֮ɫִĺҡ֮䡣

̽ѰƬ̺ݷ۽еۼֽЩеֿĿ

ݷ۽Щۼĺҡ
ʿڻ֮ʱתķٶǼΪģ˺ܾúܾãŵȵĺҡǿ۾

Сʦ棬ˡ

ʱݷҲƽˣֻЩǸģתķЩա

ݷۻδ䣬Ƽĺҡ۽һ˲˯ȥ

ҡ⣡
ųݷ۱¡
Ϊʲô֪Ҫҡ⡱أ

š
ĺҡӦ

ݷ̽ĺҡշһ쳣֮Դͷʶ
ʶ֮еǿ

ûչ˺

ݷ£ԼʶָĺҡһЩ
ǣôָĺҡأ

ҡ⡣
ݷ˾䣬һҡ⡱ˣֶະ˼

ĺҡݷһöҡ⡱Ӧţء

ݷ۵ҵʶָ㡣

ĺҡݷΪݵġ
˿̣ݷ۵Ļûй˼Լʶ˳






162.  һʮ   Ϯݡ


ĺҡԥľͽʶ˳
ʶ֮, ˿ƽˡ

ݷᴹעţȴǳһ˲
ʶôأ

ĺҡ̽ʶδõӦ, , ͶĿ⣬ʵСʦ棿
ʶŨŨľ뵡֮, ʱҲЩɫ

š
ݷӦ£һ˲
, ˱ڻС

ü˲, ĺҡ˳۽޺һɨ, ë
ƽ淺, Ҳ޷ƽ

ݷ̽Լʶᴥĺҡʶ
, ԼʶС

ĺҡû˿ԥͬˡ
һƬӺ嫵ʶ硣
ȫݷ۵Ϣ, Ʊѩ΢ĸоž뵡˼˲

ĺҡԼԼЩ̫õ뷨
뷨Ǳʶ˺һ, δҵԴͷ

, ݷסˡ
Լֳ뷨, ָⴥݷ۵֡
ӽӴ֮˿˿Ƶӿ, ΢֮, ȴ޶

ĺҡ̲ס˰벽, ȴٶȵݷ۵ĻС
ݷ۵ʶ֮, ޴ڡ
Уƿء
ӵţʱ޼, ʶҲһͬĺҡסڻС

ʶ֮ӵĵط˿˿ӿ롢ڡ
ΪЩʶ֮ϵľ뵡֮⡣

ĺҡʶѹ
ǰԼԼֶ뷨Ҳ

ʶԾݷ۵ʶ֮Уܵݷ۵ʶ֮

һʶڵΪݷ̫£ֻݷȴòô

ҡ
ޡ
ֻڵ֮ޡ

ĺҡν£뵽ʱݷ۵״̬ǽƾ£ʲôˣȥ˺һ顣
ʲôǵãʲôǵá
ңԺġ

ĺҡкһΪ
׾ٵĺͨƭķʽõ¶֪״̬иͬڴ˿̵Ļ֮С

뵽ĺҡ
ݷʶ֮еʶͬ⣬ݷ

˿̣ʶУĺҡȻ͸оݷ۵仯
ݷ۱Щ䣬ʶ綼˲١

仯ʵʵݷ۵ʶ֮лһꡣ
ĺҡֻʲôʪϡ۽ϡ
̧ȥݷ۵ʶ翪ʼСꡣ

Щݷ۵ʶ
ĺҡⳡС֮иܵݷ۵ĲģΪղһ˲֮䡣

ĺҡʧѹ
߹ȥȥָᴥݷβǵꡣ
ǵβ˸۸˰㡣

ĺҡȻԼòŮò˻𣬻˵Լֻǲѣûȥ㲻۸

һ룬Լ͸ˡ
ô죿

Сʦ桭
ĺҡţ

ĺҡĻδ䣬ԭֻü̬ݷ۶΢٣ָơ
޳ָָ䣬һ޷ֻܾ

ߵϮĺҡԭ˵Ļȥ

ͬʱݷ۵ʶУָŸһݷβǵ飬ٶȱݷ뻳С

һΣϮݷ۵ʶԴ
Ǳʶ֮Դ

ĺҡⱻʶԴϮ˿кĽɸһͬ
һٶȱȥ

Ҳκα뷨ˣԺ֮Ψһһ뷨ǡ
ԭҲƭˡ

ίǼٵģʧװġ
ƭ벻̡

ĺҡܵݷϵĻ䡣

ʶ֮е겻֪ʱͣ
룺ƭܵõʲôôأ

ôȫˡ



֮ĺҡʶɻûܹ뿪ݷ۵ʶ֮С
оԼʶһº󣬾ࡣ

һܸܵ߾Ǵ۷塣
ɴ˿̣оʶΪѾ˴˾һߡ

ݷ۽ʶ֮ϡ
ͬʱԼΪҲԭϳڽ˷ڣԽһ󾳽硣

⻹ǡȫô
ĺҡ۽̲ס֣۾ϣסǰĹ⡣

ԼԼĹӰúĺҡݷ۵Ŀֱ¡
ְָһһƿС

ʶ֮С
ݷ۲ȥ

ָഥ֮ʶڡ

ĺҡָ΢¡
ݷۣСʦ档

ݷӦָԾɰָ⣬۽ָ䣬ֲźҡ⡣
ʶĹ⣬ĺҡĸ֪˿ݷϵĿġ

ݷ۵ҡ⣬Ҵȥһط
ĺҡ⣬Լʶȥ

ʶУݷ۵ʶļ䡣
ǣڴʱݷ۲ͬѰ״̬Щ䶼ڷ״̬ġ

ĺҡûȥݷ۵Щ䡣
ʮδԼδĲ²⻹ûзȥӴݷ۹ȥļ䡣
¸ıʲô¸ı䲻ʲô

ݷ۵ʶ
˺ܾãݷ۴ʶ

ݷ۵ǵˡ
ĺҡ̧ȥĿ΢˲
ŲԶƬһ֡

һУӢͷף΢·ᵽһʱ㡣

Ҿܺÿ

ĺҡǰȥ
ʱ̤һУȻѡ

һƬ۵ĻĺҡǰƮ£ʶֽסƬһꡣ
һʱĴмᣬϢ㣬˿̺Ȼ侲ľ

ĺҡǵ
ƶؾʱʱݵصϹʱһ۵ϣһۼľƬһ֡

ʱݵ£עֻżǵһС
ڣʶ
ԭݷ۽һжʶûΪʱʧ

ݷ߹Ҳ֪ΪҪ￴
΢£϶Ҿ￴һ

ĺҡݷ۵תȥעݷۡ
ˣҲһֱܴڡ

ĺҡգۣܺÿ
ݷ۵Ҳܺÿرÿ

ݷĺҡһ
һŵ㸡䣬ʱƬһ֣һԾ߰㡣

߹һֺĺҡֻͷȥȻһվһУݷӭ
ī£
续֮߳ˣ

ʲô
Ȼ䣬ݷ۳ɳ

ĺҡعתݷۣ˳ȥ
һָңԶһˣһĨ΢Ĺűʲôţ

ĺҡ˲
ʶУй⣬Ҳа
ݷʶ֮еİ

ĺҡ˼֮ʱݷѾߵĨ΢Ĺǰ

һûм
ݷš

ȥһĨ΢š

ĺҡ״һ˲ȻЩ̫ԤС
æСʦ棬ơ

ĺҡֹһ˲ݷָѾǰĶơ
飬ӭµĻû

УĺҡһΪ̶Ļ

Ҫģһȥľǻţ塣
֪Ķ⡣






163.  һʮ   ȥ


֮ǰ, ħһɽ硣
Щħ޾ʴȶ˾סڷ˵ϵķһ塣

һȼΪɽ繹һ, ħ⡣
ٲħɹǱɽС
, ֪ħ׳ġ
ʱħħħ年ᣬ, ɽע⡣

ڶΪˣ, ʶɽĸ, ׼ɽħɱ, 
ս, ɴ˿ʼ

ڼ䣬ٴħһս, ⡣
ʱûνĴҡңɽΨڡΪ
缴ɹ֮ʱ, 뽣ڶܣɽеħ, һ, 
ȴڴʱ, ©

֮һ𹹽е, ͽ, ĵħһ
֪ںʱεغ֮, Ϊħһͽ
ȵ, е׼Լյͬ顣

ڻ֮Уǿʼɱ
ÿÿһλܣʶɵͻӴһ֡

, ԽԽʵħ
գճɶ
ȴʶΪħеһԱԴԼԽ˾Ϊ

ĺҡǰЩ֮

Ƿ𣿡
ʲôǻôˣΪʲôΪԼһ£
׷˰Ϊڸղţڸղʵˡ

˲֪أѵǻûνķ֮ǻΪɽһ϶ѡ
ⲻݷȿ̽õķ𣿡

Ϊħʲôأݺڻ֮Уʲôأ
ȥɽ磬ӭģǻ

ĺҡЩ
սƺֻʣݷһˡ
ߵ˾ˣ˳Ϊħ֮󣬳֣Ҳɱ

жɽ粻ˣݷ۽ˡ
ԼʶԳ磬ɽδս

ĺҡãȻ֮ǰһЩħʱڻеĴħƼݷۣ˵ĵһ仰ǣݷۣ㾹Ȼû

˵仰Щħ֮УҲΪɽս˴ڡ

䣬Ѳġ

ݷ۶ǰӿ૵ҺһЩˡ
ĺҡԣɵؿݷۣҪϿЩʲô
Сʦ档

Ҫģһȥľǻţм塣
ݷ۵͵ͳ仰ǳǵģǡ

ĺҡעţݷ΢΢üͷȥ
оʶȻ˲١

ɽеЩˡ
ݷ֣սĺҡֽ֣ǾΪ̶Ļظһ顣

Сʦ档
ĺҡⷢԼݷ۴ʱκε㿪ֺСʦ档

ݷ۵Щˡ
ĺҡⲻظЩˡ

šĺҡӦСʦǸЩˡ

ɽеˣǡݷ۵ʹۣǣϲ㡣
ĺҡӦ֪

㲻Ҫɽˣòã
ݷ۵ǾҪЩ˴һ𡣡

ݷעĺҡ⣬ҰҵʶٶһЩ㣬Ͳˣܹˡ
˵գȥָⴥĺҡļ硣

ݷ۽ӵ뻳С
ӵ׽
ഥÿһطԽԽʶԴۼӿĺҡʶ֮С

ĺҡע⵽ʶԽԽżСʦ棡Сʦ棬һѣ
ԶƬһŹʧ̫ˡ

ʱĳһ˲ĺҡⴽǿȳһ˿Ѫ
ʶ֮еĶһ٣㳹װ

ݷԾɱĺҡ⡣
֮󣬵ʶ֮ٶʱָ⸧ĺҡīʶʶ硣

ҡҷݷ۽˷ſ
ĺҡ˲
ڹ֮£ݷһϮīȥīɫ

īѩ£һеĳ

ĺҡСʦ档

ţء
ݷ̧עĺҡ⡣
ĺҡⴽǵһ˿Ѫ

ʶǿΪ̫ܵˡ
ĺҡⴽɫЩ԰ף򴽽ĨѪЩ֮⡣

ݷȥָᴥĺҡⴽǴĨѪĨȥ
ָȾѪ

ݷ۲Ǹ̫ˡ
ĺҡԣһ˲濴ݷۣСʦ棬㶼ˣ
ݷӦţҶˡ

ĺҡʵСʦ棬ôʶԴң᲻£
ҰЩʶԴ㣬᲻һ㣿

ᡣݷ۵ģڲ¡

ĺҡ£ɵĲ׽ݷ仰еص㡣
ڲ¡

ݷѾվˡ
ĺҡȥݷһۣ濪ڵСʦ棬ܴӦңԶ𣿡

ݷվֱһ
ᴹĺҡȻ߬׵ָ⣬Ҳƭ㡣

ĺҡһ仰Ȼɿ֡
ݷ۶ܱ֤ҵ£Բɵġ
ֻǡʱ䵽˶ѡ

ĺҡգۡ
ôôأ
µľԼݷ۵ĺȣΪԼĳɺ֮£ٳһеķ

ΪΣԸ˵Լ£ûаϵ

ĺҡʣСʦ棬Ǿ仰ǲصɽ֮˶˵ģ
Ǿ伫߶֪Ļ

ǡݷӦ
ĺҡ⿴ݷۣô˵

꣬ʶ磬ΪǷħһεַʽ

ЩħʿʶռʿʶӶȡʿȫʶΪʿ

ݷ۵繹֮ǽеħȴһ©֮©ɽ硣

ڻɱ֮ʱǸħɽвٿ˴󲿷ֵʿ

Ǹħܽʿٿأֻڵʱÿ˵ʶ֮Уһۼ

Ѳ⣬һӱȻ󲨡

ڵݷ۶ԣЩɱʿ˵ЩʹԵĶ⣬Ҳܴʲôˡ
ɶڵʱ֮µݷ۶ԣЩƹѳ

ȥЩˣͷԶһεнɱ

ҵʱ״̬̫ãܳһʱ䶼ڻ״̬֮С

ȥһ˵ĵط䣬긲ѩһ

һڵȴ԰ߣʼ֮أǾѩ

ʱĳһգһ֮µļɹ⣬ʹĻֿ˺ǡ

Ϊ񣬺ҹΪħ
ᣬ侲Գ֣ԼԵ飬еʹࡣ
ħʹѰӵеİ뵽ȴǸˣᰲߡ

ڰҹ֮ʱݷԾɻʹ࣬ȴٹû硣
ͬʱҲһЩֻ֪ԼҪȥȴȴ֪Ҫ˭Ҫȶá

ĵȴݷڼҪȴǸˡ






164.  һʮ   ããҲûǡ


˵һ, ݷֲŵǰ뿪Ƕʱҵ˵ӻصɽ·
ʱʲôǵ, ȥ·, ȫԴڱܶѡ
ڣˡ

ݷ۵߰, ȥ

ĺҡ⾲עݷۡ
˵ȥ, ǡǻȥɡ

ĺҡݷ, ǽڷ, ޳ס
Ҳһ˫, סɽ겻սš

ʧãķŭ벻, ˿̵ƽ
ҲǾ仰˼

Ҷᣬңȴɱ

ĺҡʧж, ݷ־ͣжá
ʱĳһ˲ĺҡգ, ȥ, סݷ۵, Ӧ, ǻȥ

߳Ժʱ, , ְҹ, ǳ׺ЩĹ⡣
߳Զ֮ĺҡĻͷ, ԶȥԺӿʼɢɢЩϸĹ⻪֮С

ĺܴ󣬲߼ʡ
˲δ߳Զ˿Ѿõħ

ЩħԲ࣬ϳݷۣ֮ǰѹ˳ֵ뷨˭г̽̽ݷʵ뷨

ݷǣĺҡ⣬δЩӵħ
ֻ뽫ĺҡͻɽ硣

֮Уħ
໥ʴ˴ɣĺҡⳤʱĴڻУվᱻӰġ

żв۵ħ֣Ϯ
Щݷ۵£̧֮䣬Щħҷ

һºһ·ϵħҲҶݷ۳֣ȴҲٸҶݷߵĺҡ֡

ûãԻһǿת˲Ϯ
һ˫۾Ȼݷ

һΪϵĴħ
ӴĺڰΪһ塣

ħŲԶīµˣݷۡ

ԼͬĴ˷Ϯǳݷۣˣˣ

Щڻ֮УԶȥԽԽ˯֮еħ

ݷۣ㾹Ȼˣ
ħݷۣĿ͸ż֮⡣

ǰݷ۲ϳΪħеһԱִҪЩִͬϼһصɽ硣
ɱ󣬾ֻʣݷһˣݷҲصɽȥ

ݷƾһ֮еħ겻ɽ硣

ٽԼ˺Ƶʱ䣬Ϊݷ۵״̬ͼֲˡ
ʮǰһ׼׼˺᧿Ƶϣ׼ɽ磬ȴû뵽ݷ۾ȻţһúúõģΪһҲ꣬

ɽ⣬Ѿ֮ˣȴݷһԽԽǿ
ݷۻ˻֮С

ʱ˺ǸЦԼˣ

ݷۣѾû˽ʧȥɱеҲָܻĻԻˡ
еʵ˵

ĺҡ̧ȥ׼ȷҵǵԴͷ
һСĺ֮УԼɼһģ
ħӵӰӵòӵԡ

ĺҡ⿴ݷۣСʦ桭
һʵĻþмݷ۵ıˡ
֪ݷ۵ĳںʱϵģζϵģ

ݷ۵ıȴ֮ʱһѰ޵ıȴҪʹҪʹʮٱֹ

ݷۻعͷοûϵ
ңû˽Ҳǽޡ

ĺҡӦ㣬Сʦ档

ȿڵǸħ˶֮ʱݷҲˡ
㹻߼ʣҲˣһԴڴ˾֮ϵսһʱѹϯķΧǸӹ

ⲻΪµħⳡѹת˲仯Ϊγ
ǵ⣬Ǹħȡãݷ۵һս֮С

ݷأ
ĺҡ̧Ŀ׷ŻĨӰȥ
ǰһ⽣ת˲ӳ

տϯǸħ˳

ĺҡ䶢Ժ߳Ǹˡ
ˣ
ǰȴݣΪħ

һʼû뵽ݷôһϺȵĴڣԭҲǡ˶ĺҡ⣬Ц

ǣ̽һӵǵˡ
˵˴ʱ΢ЩŤʹ˿ӿɲ

ĺҡⶢǰ֪˻ǸΪħĴڣħϢĲȡ

ħǴ˾Ϊȴˡ
ǽˡ

ĺҡ΢뵽Щʲô϶㵱ǴΪΪħ֮Ϊˡ

Ϊʲôĺҡʵ
ǰħЦŻشʱĺҡĻЦΪǸ


һȻĺҡϣΪһ䡰Ǹ׼ŭˡ


ĺҡ̧⽣տӶɨħ

׷龳֮ĵһս
ĺҡӽ貽ת˲˺ĺȻʽ£汻׼ŭħ˸١

ĺҡֵΪʲôڷ仰ôأ
ļһ񹥻ĺҡԽһһС

ʱһɨĺҡֻ˵֡

¥硣

¥˭
ڼǧǰԴΪΣķĻ֮дֶһ˻صɽС

ĺҡһ㿴ǰħ¶ޱȷŭ

ħϾòˣ¥缸ǧǰģʱʱգҲûгȬħӴ۷Ϊһ¾״̬

¥統˵ħǷŻᱻָ׼ŭ

ĺҡ⵭ĮĽ⽣ջأ仯Ϊһγ
ŻΪγɢһ˲տ⽫ס䱻ħա

ĺҡٶ̧Ŀ׷Ѱݷۡ
ʱʱգɰﲻݷۡ

飬ʮꡣ
Ѿܿܿˣʮʱ䣬̫ˡ
̵һգۣ͹ȥˡ

һսѹķΧ̫㣬㵽ûһħٸҿĺҡ⡣

Ǹһĺҡֵ뷨ת˲֮䣬ݷѹѹ

ĺҡ⽣ǰһ
򶼱һսˣ֮һ
ǱǳҪҫ۵Ĺ⡣

ԽԽħǣһս֮С
Ψĺҡߵķ֮أȻ
е⽣ܵʲôտĹ⻪˵

տ⻪֣ȣԵ΢С
·𱻺һˣտ⻪ת˲Ϩ㡣

⽣š

ĺҡվԭĿ׷档
ݷ۽ƾһ֮еħǣսС

ڰ貹⻪ֿ֮֯ʣݷۻعͷĺҡ⡣
һУĺҡ⿴ݷһֱ뷨ʹ㡣

ʮ֮ǰҶеõǿ壬õһпʮꡭ
ʮ꣬ô

֮ǰԴڻеһɱδ
ЩɽĴ갲ڻ֮Уǰս֮սɵͬһһȼĶݰݣЩѪᡣ

֮
Щħ˺ǳЦԼݷȨ
ݷҪеħ׻ȥ

һһʢĻ
ǣһأ
һ㣬֪ջ֮֮¡

ʶ
Ժݷۡ
˶ˡ

ݷۣ
ԽԽħ貹⻪֣̫ûм貵Ĺ⻪ˣΪʣΪܡ
ݷ۵Ϊǳŭ־岻ѡ

ݷӣҪŴһ

֮ж⻪֡
ɲѹϯ⡣
Ψĺҡķ֮أȻ


ĺҡе⽣ʲô΢΢š
ϵŵǿ帡ֳ貵⡣

ĺҡȥǿ壬ϷдŽ⣬ָ⡣
һѪ֮ϣʢ֮£ת˲ѡ

Ĩտ⻪֯֡
ĺҡвһ˿ԼϤϢ

һ˲ĺҡԹ⻪дһ
һӹ⻪֮иֶӨӨ⻪

ܵ˵ת˲ݷ۵С

ĺҡȥ̽Ĩ⻪
Ĩ⻪֮ʱ
Ĩ⻪ǰı˴ʱ˵ء



ĺҡƼʱģ
ȫһ뾪ޡ
Խʱ䳤ӣ˸ңңʱ͵ǰǵͬ

ǰҲûκκֻһԼӳһˡ
̶ڴ˿򳹵ױ貽֣ڣ

ݷ۴˻еħ
ԴǰһɱⳡʢĻУĻ

ΪǿȥĺҡԺ֮ٶϵͳ棡棡棡ƫ룡ִռ

ݷӳĻһ̤ĺҡߡ
ɿеĳϣһе죬ҲǵԴνϵͳɢ

ĺҡעǱصĨ⻪֮Уصԭڵ֮ǰ

ݷȥ
һĺҡͨɽеͨǰ

һ·ϣ֮ɢΪγ
ֻĺҡķ֮ء

ĺҡȥ߬סݷ۵ǡ
ʲôҲû˵Ҳʲô޷˵
ڵסҲǿ

ݷ۾ĺҡ⡣

ݷ貵Ĺ⻪ĺҡĿ˲Ҳ˲ϴ
ݷȥס۾

ĺҡǰסգۣ۽ɨݷ۵ġ
һĨǹűѩϢ

̬һʢĻ

ĺҡСʦ档
ݷ¡

ĺҡ⽩ã΢գЩů⡣
ʱҲܲ˵Ĵڣ۽˲۾

һеʼա
ɽ磬䡣

һ㣬һ

ĺҡ˺ܾá
ع׹һĨɹ֮С

ããҲû˵Ϣ






165.  һʮ   һοݡ


ĨɹƮĺҡ, ֮Сʦ棬ǻûȥϳɵ, Ҳûлؽȥһء

֪ж, ĺҡһĨɹ⣬úñ
˿֮, Ծǵһ췣ĵص㡣

ֱɲ췣ٵðۼδ¡
ĺҡ⻺߳֡

ҹǹҹĻ, ѩ
һ췣, һжȥ, ǲ֪ѩʬǲҲ֮һͬٵˡ

λڶ档
ĺҡֺ߳, ûãһС

С, ʿȴҲ඼ɫҴҡ
ĺҡһ̤С򣬱СϲͬѰı仯
˵ɽвͬѰı仯

СΪֵĲ֮, ʿˣϢ, һ, ж
, Сææ, ڸ, Ϊ赹ˮ, ˳һʱɽĴ¡

Сһλ, ߹ȥ΢ʵλˣҪʲô
λ˶һڴ, Ŵľ¡
һϮǾ޵Ư
ҪǣСλ˷ϵĳڶĲ

λ΢ת˹Ҫһɡ

ĺҡ⻰΢һ£ŽδĻ˵ꡣ
СԼʧֽԼĻظ˵һ飬Ҫһͺá

СĺҡòЩʧˣʱĺҡ⻽ȻѣĵͷƿĿ⣬ӦϣλԵƬ̡

СЩˮ
пкСշת֮󣬽ĺҡҪλˣá

ĺҡ΢΢ףӦл

С뿪֮ĺҡŽĿϵǺ֮ϡ
ãʱڵ趼ѾˣҲδ

ʿ۵ĺҡ˼˻

뵱һ췣Ѿȥࡣ
ľڵʿԾɶ췣ٵĿɲе𺳡

ĺҡЩʿе֪췣֮ɽı仯
֮Ŀ֮Ҳ޷ͨ

Ҷռѳɽ磬һͬħ
¼ڵΪֹûκϢ

֮Уʧأ
ʣֱΪ򡢶ģԼ

λɽģƣн븵ҶأȻ
ħ߾ɽȴΪΣյһħפڻɽ߾ԶĻ

ڱ

ڱǰʱħλħ飬ͬ뱱޴ܰҲûκפڵ֪ϢʱΪϵʱˡ

Ҷû뵽λħЯ̤뱱ѩԭԵһ̣ӱѩԭնһ

콣ɨ֮£ħˣ˲أòħš

˵Ҳû˵ڱһλܸԸסѩԭİ
ǵⶼ˽ڵǰѩԭ̽飬̽ĽҲδ⹫

Ȼǽ뽣⣬һ뽣ĳһλйϵɡ
һħˣλܵΪɲ⡣

ڸʿűѩԭֵһ⣬Ϊ˽ľŷ֮²ˣҲû˭ܲ²ǵˡ

ĺҡ⴫ָڲ豭Ե
ĵλڱѩԭǵѩĽ⡣

СڲշתλһϮµʿ̲סתȥ׷ѰĺҡӰƳĺҡ̵߳ıӰ
һǺʧش

Сһ˲ĺҡһǰ׼ʰʱͿδ衣
Ѿ͸λʿȴδù㡣

СǵԼæµ֮࣬ƳλʿеĲ豭Ŀᴹȴ͸Ǳ˼ʲô
ֻߡ֮ˡ

ĺҡ뿪֮һ·ȥǶȥ
ԽǸԽܸܵĵı仯

֮Уĺҡ뵽һ췣Сʦ涼Ѿ˵ͣȴ޹ʧ٣ȡѶƴϴһѶ˵˵յһЩ

ĺҡǵĹ㳡УȴĿ
Դҡκ֮ɽµĿֻܹ򡢶Լ

ңɽгֵ֮صӶڳÿһʿҪϼŲ飬ԱħĻ롣

ĺҡ⽻˿ʯú󣬵ȴֵصʺϵʱ
ֵصȡԿʯ󣬿ʼʯλϡ

ĺҡ⿴ſţʧ
һֵصڰʯʱ˴ʱĵˣСʦ˵ǸԻԡ

˵ˣĺҡȻ߬
ֱһֵص飬ǴĲѵ˳ĺҡŻſ֡

ƬӺ󣬿
ĺҡ߽ԽУ⻪֣С

һ˲ĺҡһ˿ԼĲʶ̧ȥ
Ĺ㳡ľǰʧȡ֮ӨӨ⻪

ĺҡ˲
ղšϳɵǸ



ƽӵĺҡѶ֮ʱϳɽ̸˵Լʱ￼˴ѡ洫֮¡

ѶУʶġ
ϳͣ˻Žơ
ӽƶݵУ˶ꡣ

Ѷ̧ϳʱϳɳʵ˭Ѷ
£ŻشǽڵҡСѶ˴ǰ޹뿪֮£С

ϳҡ⡱ʱվ
ƴǵĿ󸽽

ƻδ䣬ϳѾ˺գ뿪˵ڡ
죬ϳС˾ٸеЩ֣Ҳ˺գ׷˹ȥ

ϳɵǸʱѾܵĺҡ֮Լϵ
Լֻһ˲㳹ʧ

ǵĹ㳡ϣĹ⻪һ
ϳעϨĹ⻪á

׷ʱϳ񣬲ɵóС棬ҡСѣȥڰ
ĬãϳҡͷˣһѶɡ

ԣͷӦС棬һŵĿ˴ϣиʵĵӡ
ϳᴹ⣬Ҳͽ



ĺҡصʱҹ
»ˮշּСϡ
»֮ԼӰһ˲תŲһʯȥ

ƬӺĺҡ˲С
ҹֵصӼʱǾ£ȡǼǡ

ĺҡռеλã
δԭĵطǱ顣

֮ĺҡĿ⣬ǱⶪڽĲ飬
߹ȥʰ

һϣѾ˻ҡ
ĺҡѩϵĻҲþˡ

һοݷֵۡĵط
ָḲ֮£ĺҡһν뵽ǴеĿռ䡣

һΣ˵ûĻ

޽ѣѵǡġ

ģѲ⡣






166.  һʮ   Һǵ㡣



», ǹһ͸󶥵ο֮, 
ĺҡеġ, ãⱾһͬó˲

, ҵһʱ룺Ȿڴ˴, Դ˹ġ
, һμⱾ, ȴǱ˶Ľ

˲ӵĶ, ӡ

ֵصӼĺҡеĲ飬ɽ͵ĺʦ, е飬ȥֻܸ򡣡

ĺҡ͡
˵, ȡѶ˵¡

, ֵصӲδѶ, ǲһ˿Ĳ֮, ѷоֱ

ͬ, Ȼˡ
ֵصһ, 

Ҷĺҡ, ɫ΢, ֵصӵݹԼӡĺҡ⽫ǱΪá

ĺҡ⽫ǱСķںУ˴ռС
ͬҶһͬ߳

ҹɫ, һĨ˺ҹĻ䡣
¿ʼӵۼԪ㳡ϡ
գǽһ쿼˴ȵĿʼ
ӶΪһϯ洫֮λŬš

˸ڵ洫Լ֮⣬֪һ쿼˴ȿʼڵ洫Ӷ᲻̫һˡ
洫Ӷٻ֪Ϊ硱Ϊħˡ

գڸɵĴʿǲԴı仯
Ҫˡ
Ѹ洫ӴѶӲٽС

ıħˡ
ҲǴӽɽĹ׶ȴҲû˷ϽĻᡣ

ҡСѡ
Ҷ̾һȴûٶ˵Щʲô

ĺҡ⿴Ԫ㳡ϵǿʵʵڵĿ˴ǲҲ⼸վУ
·ϣ˵һϢ

һ壬˳ڣٶȾѣȵġ
ĺҡʣڵǸ壬ǲĽѩ⣿

ڵõ϶Ĵ֮ĺҡⲻٳ
ɽϢԪ㳡ϡ

Ԫ㳡ϣڽ̨ԡ
ţţӶۼڴˣۿ̨ϵÿһԡ

ĺҡվʵǰá
ֵ̨ĳ֮⣬˲Ĵڡ

ĺҡ⿴塣
һμ壬ҲѾȥʮ֮á

ڵ̨һ̨
һ쿼˴У˶²⣬һδһ漣
һŵ漣

գһ̨ʤΪ
̨Уתȥ
ĺҡȺ֮⣬ݼһ˲ӿϲ

ƬӺܿȺϴԼĺҡ⡣
庰ҡ㣬þòصˡ

ĺҡ⿴ѾһЩ꣬յıֺܺãԪ㳡ϣⲻٵӶϿɡ

ǰϲ㣬Ϊڵ洫ӡĺҡ
֣߬ĺҡ⣬Ӧҡ㣬һġ
һġ

ĺҡʵȥһһ𣿡

ȥ̫Ϸ塣
˵

ĺҡ΢ͷΪãԥοûϵڻûпǺãȳΪ洫֮󣬻һµʱѡ񡣡
ż

գۣĺҡ⣬һ˲ʵҡ㣬һ洫ڽʱҲȥ𣿡

ĺҡǰĻӦûȥΪ½洫ӵߡ
ÿһ½洫ӵڽϣ洫ϵһΪߣǵһչػɵڶΪߡ

һ½洫ӵڽϣΪȻǰһҹںɽܣ˰ɽҶͷΪߵʸ
ɸһΡ

ԣһ̫ˡ
ĺҡʱһڽǡ



˴̨Գʮա
̨ԽʱĵΪϢϢ

ĺҡûٹעһ쿼˴ȵصס֮ʼչز

ʱĳһգҹɫ֮ʱĺҡ붨״̬֮ѹ
ǰŴҹɫ߳ԺС

ǿ˴ȸսӡ
ڶӽһĿ˴ȣһҹٳҹǷ׷ѡ˯Ϣ

ҹʱ̫˼ž֮С
΢䣬żЩɳɳ졣
һĨҰϢȻǱּ̫䡣

ĺҡ˴ʱĨҰϢѾӳһ롣
δԥ߽̫֮С

ҹҹѡĳ֮ҹ
ڽ̷֮бʮ֮ãʱʱգΪǣ

ҪȥĶ˹
ҪʮǰǸŮҵһһĥ
ֻˣҲҪ

ҹĵıŰʹϢԽǿ
ֱ֮еĺҡ⡣

գĺҡùݵʹԼģж˹ģΪơ
ʹòˣ˵ϢԲǣ

ҹüĿӭĺҡ⣬㣡
ҪץסˣҪͶУʳ


ĺҡⲢδԣӭҹϮһֱӳ⽣
տּ̫ӳһĨ⻡ҹĻ

ҹӭסһϢһɢ
šüĺҡ⣬ôܣ

ʮǰǰŮ˲ΪѣΪȻ˻֮ϸɲľ硣

ĺҡⲻٸҹѳȥĻᣬ⽣֮£
ת˲٣С

ҹ޴ӡ
ǰֳѩס
죬͸塣

ԭڲ֮Ĺڽҹգ⽣¡



⽣տ΢
ĺҡᴹҹɢ

ϵͳԺ֮У˯ʱǡ·ԭУҪˣͻо𣬲гͷ

ݷ۵ǿ壬ϵͳѹ
ֱڻУǿѣϵͳųͷһ֮ͬʣݷϵͳ𣬲١

ҹΪ·ԭеҪǡݵĽѩʯȹµһԱҲӰ쵽ˡ

ĺҡվ֮У̷ֱɵǰ̽ʱŻع˵ص˵

̷ԣĺʦ㣬㣬ӣضһ
ʣµβˣ㽻ˡ

̷˵գĿĺҡȥֲͬԵͬĺʦĺ
գĺʦ㻹ҪΪ½洫ӵء

˵һ洫ӵĵһҲһŵ𣿡
ڵţԻ𣿡



ڽǰһգĺҡӵҶѶΪ½洫ӵߣΪЩڽ

ÿһ½洫ӵڽϣҪ̴඼ͬС졣
һҲ⡣

ĺҡ⵽ʱ洫к
ʱһҶƼĺҡΪ̲סɴۣʵĺҡ⣬Ϊô£ôôģ

ʮȥҶΪҲ񾳽ѡ
ѾĺҡΪˡ

ԷԽ󾳽ΪŻ޷
Ҳ˵ĺҡڵΪѾڷ龳ˣ

ҶôһƲ⣬ɵø𾪡
˵ЩʲôʱҶѾһ½洫Ӵ˽׼ĺҡ⿪ڽ

Ҷ״ֻϨ˼˼ĺҡΪЩ½洫ӿڽʽ

ĺҡҶĻһϮ洫ӷǰϲ洫֮λ
ĺҡ⣬ѹԼӦлл

ıȡɡ

ıȥʮʱãһ·ߵգѾЩԡ

ĺҡȥָӳ
һĨıϣɷڽʶ״̬С

ǺֻԵսǰڴ˵Ľ

ĺҡʶ״̬󣬱ջ֣Ϊ廤״̬֮£˲

ڷյĽ⻺ա
ڴʱ֮УֳһĨӨ׹⻪

ĺҡĿⱻĨӨ׹⻪
ȭΪڽ¡
ԭΪһĨ⻪¡

ĨӨ׹⻪ĳ֣ལ⸴յԽˡ

ĺҡעĨ⻪кһ٣һ˼뷨
һ˲ȥָᴥǰĨ⻪֮С

ĺҡһ
һڽ񲢷ģڴ˿̣Ĩ⻪֮УӿһЩϤĵط

ǰĽڣûоŷֻһ壬Ϊ̫Ϸ塣

ĺҡʰ׶ϣ̫Ϸߴ̨
ʱ䳤ӻʶ

֮УԽʱ䳤ӣĺҡ

Һǵ㡣

һΣϲ̫Ϸӡǡ

ԭں֮У̫Ϸ廹ڰ






167.  һʮ   ȫȻ


, ̨ϵķ֮ضС

ĺҡվ֮еǵӰ
ƣò
ϤӰԼ, ôܻϲ

ݷ̨߹, ʱĴʼ޷ü˴ݡ

ĺҡ⽩һ˲һԼ, Сʦ桭
΢٣ֲŵҲ̫Ϸĵ, ǲܹСʦأ

ԡ
ݷһ, , ʵ֪Ҳ̫Ϸ֮ˣ

ĺҡº, ݷۣ˼һ˲, һΣСʦչʾ⣬ǡĽ⡣

һ, Сʦһϳ̫Ϸĵ, пһ仰, ұ㡭˳
˵, ݷ۳Ĭ, Ҳ֪ûⷬ˵ǡ

ĺҡᴹ۽, ݷԭˡ

꼴Եݷۼ, һ, ʲô֮Ҫʣ

ĺҡԣ΢´ȴҪڵĻ¡
Ҫݷ
, ܽһǿ

ЩʳݷۻЩͻ˰ɡ
ֻ߻룬̫ϷĵӶڶŮ֮龹˵ִ

Ͼǰݷ棬ǵڶѡ

ĺҡĬ˺ܾãݷ۱Ҳһֱţδκβͷ֮⡣

ڣĺҡʵСʦ棬һ뽣йص⡣

Сʦʱ䳤ܹڴ˽̸ʱʲô

Ҫβܹתʱأ

ĺҡĻ䣬ʱĽɶȻһĺ֮
췣Ϣ

תʱգǴɡ

ĺҡһ˲ˡ
̸תʱյ⣬һµġ
ڻܳ¡
ûаСʦһ

ĺҡǰݷЩ췣Ϣ˹ȥ
΢ָ⣬ֹСʦ棬㡭

ݷҡͷӦûϵ췣ԤϢֻҪ㲻̸ۡתʱաһ£Ͳ⡣

¡Ǵ˴ιһܼǵЩὫڴ˵ĸ̫ϷС

ĺҡԣ̧ݷۣʶ̫Ϸ塭
ݷĺҡԳɵĻʵ̫ϷУкβ𣿡

ĺҡⲻ֪ôӺ˵
̫ϷֱĽڣֻŷ̫塣

ݷѾ֪˴£ĺҡⲻԸôʱݷǰ֪£һġ

գĺҡСʦǽЩ̫ϷУһȫȥѰҡ
̸롰תʱաйصĻ⣬ֻת˻⣬ʼͬݷ˵¡

ĺҡݷദ˺ܾã֮ѾĬ

ݷ۸ʱʱ価ͷһλСѣһ˼š
ʱ䳤λСѣڵһεԵĲλСѵЩͬ
ǻźܶ£ЩѹУ㡣
Լ̸ĹУܵһ޶˶Ĭһ㡣

Сʦ棬һһҸܽĲ𡣡ĺҡһΣܲһҪ󣿡

ԡݷӦ
СʦܲһһƣĺҡԼ˸ɣ֪ǰһڵһʲô𣿡

ݷ۾ŶǸС˹΢˲ĵСǰڡһδ䣬˺ܶйںϸڡ

ȫȻ
ѿڶġСʦ桱κӲ֮ĬϣԼһһƣһ֤ͬദʮϤ

ԭܻôã֮
֮ĽڣӦԶʱĽڸӷʢɡ

ãһ¡
ݷӦվת˲ʧ֮С

ĺҡƼеӰգ֮ʧʶȥ׽
Ȼ֮䣬Ϊֻصһա
ããϢ

ݷδ뿪̫ãĺҡ⽩ԭȴǹȥ˺ܾһ㡣

ݷۻ֮ʱƼСԼԼ
ߵʱСʲôƣʱСҲʲôơ
δйκα仯

ݷһˡ
СûӦ㣬˺һ̧ͷӦСʦ档

ݷ۽еһһƷ̨֮ϣȡһֻӣһʢãʱңң˹ȥ

ⲻӰʱݷ۸
ƼԼǱһƵݳȥָ⴦һֻֻ˹ӹеһơ

ָഥһ˲һֻ΢£ŽסǱһơ

ݷֻžƱ֣Ժ֮з·֮ʱȻһ⽫˺ѡ
һ¡

һ۵֮ʱһǰˣȴΪ䵹һһơ
ԭʱ߲˵ģΪߵСﵹһһƣ͵С

ʱӰ·ࡣ

ݷֻ֣˲

ͬʱʱ䳤ӵʼ̨˵Ӱɢ
СӹǱһƺ󣬽һСʦ棬лл㣬ⱭһƵȷܺúȡ

ʧʱڡ

صʵݷ˼á
һΣʱӰá
ǵãǵ֮Լ

תʱա
תʱգΪ췣
ҪΪ˭תʱգ

ݷվ̫Ϸ̨ϡ
֮ʰ׶¡

ἰ̫Ϸ壬˵ȫѰҡ
֤֮󣬽ڻڣ̫Ϸȴǲˡ
ԼųΪ̫Ϸӣ̫Ϸ壬Լ

ݷվ̫Ϸǰ˼ãʼΪ̫Ϸ岼󷨡
󷨵ģ̫Ϸ塣
ʱ䣬׺ɣ̫Ϸûбٵֻǡʧˡ
δһ󷨣Ὣʧ̫Ϸҵġ

תʱգ췣
ʱйصĸҲ
ĴҪһ
һʺϵ
ˣҲֻڵ̫ϷĵΪ֮ʱܴ
̫ϷԵ췣󷨡

˼ˣݷ뿪˽ڣȥڣݷϳɣϳһо췣һ󷨡

ϳʣʵξ췣ΪλҪ󷨣
ݷ˼ãԼڵһϸѾЩǲ̫ˡ
ʱӰ컹ǿʼɱļ䡣

Ϊһˡ
ݷ۽͵
󷨻ص˽ڣ̫ϷУֽ
Լӡ̫ͬϷС

ݷʱѾһϸڣҲѾ̫Ϸµ󷨡
ʱѾסйڴ˵ļ䡣

ۣһ۵Ὣһ֮У㻹Ҫȥ𣿡ʵȥҾȥ
ϳһûȥҪչء

֪ΪΣݷѿڶӦȥ
ݷۺԥʵһȥʱ򣬶û˸۽Ҽǵһβμ۵ʱ򣬺Ƕһһɡ
һλҪȥ𣿡

ݷһΣҲ۽һۺΪʱ䣿Ҫβתʱա

ЩԾۣΪͻȻ뵽Ҫоʱһˣ

Щһ̫ϷУںˡ






168.  һʮ   ̫Ϸ塣


ʱɢȥ, ĺҡⱻʱͻ
ʶʼʶڽ֮С
ǰڻУݷʶָʶͻƴ˾硣

, ĺҡʶڴ֮ϵľ硣

Ⱥɽ֮䡣
󽭴ӱ, ڹġ
ƣɺȺɡ

ĺҡͼʶ軭̫Ϸ塣
̫Ϸʵͬ, ۴̨, ӦǸߴʤ

ĺҡһһ̫Ϸ, ̫Ϸλ, ̫Ϸ״

ڽ֮ʱ, ǰĸֳĨӨ׹⻪ݼ¶Щ֮ɫ
, ĺҡ⣬ڵҡ㣬һҪŷ֮еһ, ʵķ̫Ϸ塣

ʵԸΪͽ𣿡

һ, ĺҡ⻹δκηӦʱ, ֮е˵Ⱦ

ҪĺҡΪʦ
ĺҡڶ̶ʮ֮, ʹһŵ, Ϊ龳洫, ô, Ҳδʦ, δӵжʸҲûͽʸ
οһ½洫ӵĵһ, ܵ˾ŷ֮

ĺҡΪͽŷ֮Ҳͬɡ

壬ųΪ֮е洫Ӳãʲô£ôô˵ڽĵ̲ס
ĺʦδ꣬ûʸ;ġ

ĺʦöʱڽ˾磬ʸˣ

֮Уڳ洫֮УȴȻΪͬһ洫ӵģ븵һΪͬһ洫ӵģԼǰ챻ͬ˦洫֮⣬ʣĺҡΪͬһ洫ӣһ½洫ӡ

ô֮УΨĺҡһˣڶ̶ʮ֮䣬龳硣
ҪƸͽȴɲڳ洫ŷ

ҶȻҲѡ񣬵ȴδ˵Щʲôֻǿĺҡ⣬֪ĺҡ˵

ӵ
ĺҡ⻺̧塣
δջʶֻǶǰĨ⣬ʵĨ⣬˭͸ģ

λ˸ġ

˵ˣЩͷԡ
ĺҡȴΪܹΪ˵ģֻСʱȳѩԭСʦ档

Сʦ潫½
ĺҡĬȻ˵

ҪӾŷ֮ˡ

á
Ĭ֮ĺҡһش
ͬʱʶڽ֮ҵй̫ϷЩټ


ĺҡĻشʱ֮кһ
һ󣬽еܵĳӰһ㣬ȫ渴ն

ô£
˳ɳ

ʱҲ˭˦ԼĽ
еĽôȫ渴ˣ

ĺҡ̧ȥһӣת˲˽

£δڱչ֮춯߳ס춯֮

֮УϮԼԼֶŽݺᡣ
һƵķУ֮ãڽգؼգ

ҶҲת˲֮ǰ֮еķһ˲
뵽Щʲô䡣

ǰ뽣֮ʱѾû̫Ϸһ塣
ʱ򣬽̫֮ȴֻСʦһˡЩ½洫ӣҲûм̫Ϸ塣
СʦӲͽϢ̫֮Ϸ֮ʧ˿С
ȡ֮ģǾŷ

˲䣬ŷ֮ڴˣ֮гֵķ
ֻǣڳ֮УĺҡҶ֮⣬һ֪ǰ֮иֳķΪʲô

֮У洫ӣŵӣ֮ʵͬߵķĿ¶Щã֮⡣

ھŷ֮⣬Ȼб壿

֮УССķϰ
֮䣬Ϊֻоŷ
ŷ֮ѹССķһͷ֮ڵĸԴҲȱŷϷ֡
񣬾Ȼһµ壬ȾŷҪ׳뽣ʵΪͬȸ߶ȡ

ҿ֮еķ֮ʱﲻԼͬͬһ뷨ڽ֮õľŷҪ¿ʼˡ

ƬӺԽԽ˳ԾԾţҪһ塣

ĺҡ̫Ϸ·ңңܹڷ۵һ̨

Ƭ̣뵽Щʲô
תԶ̫Ϸĺҡ⣬ʵǲǡ

еġ̫Ϸ塱ֻδ˵ڣ㱻һϡ

֮ȻǸƾá

ĺҡ֮ԣתȥ΢˲
ͬʱмλԸ֮ԡ

ɫһһ䡰̫Ϸ塱û˵ڣͱЩϼһ˻ȥ
ʲôûˣЩϼһżǵˣ

̫Ϸ岻֮ʲôʲôΪҡСѾû˸
ҾʹҼͽܣҡСѳ

ڿߵİͶƱҪռƱġ

ɫƽȻڻڱأ϶ôܴͶȻһƱ

ʦôͶһƱͷǼʣʵС˰Ϊʦûѡ㡣
Щӣһȵùͽܵģ

ˡҶֹǶòôЩӲ˵أ

ŷ֮Բˣ˴ִ֮꣬໥ǿ߶Էġ
½洫һϣҪŽⱲӶǲ̫ܵġ

һʱ֮䣬ľŷ֮ʱϨ˻

ٶȳ˼ǡ³ֵķ֮һλߵ֮

λѳһҵķڷ
˹֣
Ѿһ㣬޿֡

ҶüĿ΢䣬齩£ʵΣ
ٶȹ˹ֻ֣һķڷ֮·һ

岢֮ڳĸλбһ֮Ȩ
Χˣѯʵ֪λ˵ÿɶԣ

϶ϼһСʦʱ㵹ǹɵúܡڣ㵹ԭα¶˰

һ֮Ȼ߾֮
ϼһĺҡһ֮ҵһ

Ҫӿ򣬱һԵסˡ

Ҷˣڳλ˭Եģվ

֮󣬽͵֮ǳΪҽڵһ֮´˳ȥΪҽįˣʢ

һתʵǳΣ

ǳһ˲Цҡ˭ҲǳǵģҲκϣðɡ
ʵôһ¹ؽδչĴ£

Ҳκϡ
ұ
ҡ

ǳͷԼ̬ȣٲ¡
΢ѡ֧֣ѡͬ

ȷԵ翷̫Լ󷨵

Ψһûб̬ģֻʣ̷
˽ĿϤͶע̷ϡ

ȿڵ̷ڴ£ô
̷ҶԸţλվһȥˣ

ô̷ﳳȥΪ̫Ϸû֮𣿡

̷䣬֮е̫Ϸ峹ĺҡƹϵ

ĺҡһֱδ
ʱ̫Ϸ峹䣬ŵλ֮ԣмλ̳̫Ϸ壬ûʸ

翡̫ķԼ󷨵ս

šüôܣҵȵʶҲô̵ʱڣһ






169.  һʮ   ̫Ϸŷ塭


һ, ˾ӡ
Ҳ̾ĺҡԷ֮ķ󷨵ս֮£Ҳ̾循˵֮ԡ

һ߶˵˵˶̵ʱһ, ôĺҡΪʵ, ĽֻǷ龳

ĺҡ̧
, ̫Ϸʵͬ, ɢ, ڷΧڵŨ˼֡

̫Ϸ֮, ǿг, ͬں֮һȨǱǲ塣

ĺҡ, ȴһ㡣
ǰɣ
Ҿʵ֤Ϊֹ

սʱ龰ɵ֮ǰʢǰһԽսʢ¡
, ɵˣͬһˡ

, ĺҡԪӤ, 洫ǰʦʦս
ÿһԽս, ԪӤս
, һʦֶĺҡ֮֡
ĺҡǵ֮ĵһ

, ʱȥ, ĺҡԽսĶѾһ, ʼѾõľŷ֮սˡ
ֻ֮࣬ʮǰһ쿼˴ϵʢ

ĺҡΪͬһ½洫֮ˣڶѩħʧ, û䡣ҶԶһ񶼻ڻ񾳽磬δ֮༸λ洫δ׻񾳽硣

ֻĺҡһˣʮ֮ٵ洫һǼΪһ֮

֮УвٵΧۡ
˼δӦ̲סСڵ˵᲻Ӧս

Ӧս䣬Ӯնø۸ź󱲵Ĳ
ǲӦս˵һʱ뵽ģǸ󱲷սӦ

ӭս֮٣עᱻ۷׷ס

̫Ϸǰɫ΢䡣
ĺҡ⣬ãŵãǱһʵ

̫״һ˲㡭

δ̫δ˵֮ԣֻһ롱֡
ΪС㹻Ϊһ֮ӦڻǸˡ

֮Уһս̨Ƚս̨֮С
ĺҡ״ս̨֮ϡ

΢ϢԼıڵҵĽΪ𡣡
壬𽣡
ΪԼıԴ˵İ

ĺҡ⹰񣬻⽣͵ҵĽΪ⡣

ĺҡе⽣
ĺҡǣԽǻûɵ⽣Ϊϵһ

ǧ꣬һ¥ڽʱȴûг¥罻ֵĻᡣ
˽̾ʺϽһʡ
ʵȷˣ¥֮䣬ѾΪɽ֮еһˣĺҡССͣǷ龳Ϊ

ɾٳڣδˣҲûгΪһ֮ʸ
˼ˣδȳ֣ʽ

ĺҡִ⽣֮ԣݼȴδ¶κϲֻƽ˵ЦˣʽǷˣ˻˵õʽ֮ϣɲҵʵʸ񡣡

㣡
ĺҡⲻʹĻＤŭգ϶һΪ;֮ϵĵʯ

ĺҡºһЦôң
һ仰ʱһ˭İģһ䡰ôҡ˵ȴֹº͡
򵥵֮ŭ

ս̨֮⣬״̲סһЦֽоãֱ̫ˣҾϲϼһп˵ģ

ҶԣȥԼüģͷ۲ѡ

ս̨УЦαؼң㲻ˡ
䣬ѾӶĺҡ

˭ԸװͰ͵飿
˭
ĺҡĬȻ˵̧е⽣տӳײһ

ŷ֮ʣƺƴս̨Ϊ֮һ

Ѿã佣ΪԴͬȡ֮⡣
𽣳涯֮ǧһͬϮ޴Ρ

ʵΣǧ𽣳ĺҡ
ĺҡûие˿η֮⣬⽣Ƹ֮ܵ㣬ת˲

տɨ֮ʱ𽣣ԵüΪС
һĨĹȴĽƣ˺ѳҹĻʱһ˲ϲ

ս̨ӿ㣬ӿս̨֮ϣͻ콣֮һտ⡣

Ƽ⽣۵һ㣬ɫ΢١
ɫ˲Щѿˡ

ǰսƽ
Դһ΢΢Ļ֮󣬷·һжˡ



⽣Ӷ֮£һ
ƬƬտӶϮĲι̵ս˲飡

һ£Դݿ֮ƣһս֡
ǺԤϵĽȴֺȻ֮С

£ս̨ϵĿΪ֮һ
֮˲ŷӦȳӿ𣬾þδƽϢ

ս̨֮ϣֱָ⽣˺ܾãһԼʵһΪʲôСʦģ

ĺҡԣᴹĿڷ΢΢տ⻪⽣ϣ͵ÿһ֮ѧϰĽ

Ȼ̧ĺҡĿ֮УŲš
૵ôܣ

ٶȿʵСʦûн̹κν𣿡

ĺҡŵĬãųʵ̹ܶˣ̹нޣȻҲ̹ҡ

ԣȻһ٣Ժ֮˲ǰ
ܾ֮ǰĹȥǸŵһڵӡ
ڷַÿһһᣬôѧϰϵĻ

ûñѾѧˡ
ĵӶõģһܼ򵥣̫ˡ
ֻҪǸѧϰˣʱգѧĽ

һϹʱĲдУһμƣϹʱʽ΢Զ޷ʢ˽Խ̫ѶԸѡ뽣ԸΪһޡ

ʱ⡣
ѧϰôļ򵥣ΪϹʱʿԸΪޡ
֪֮ʱʹʦǲϹʱʿ̫ˣѧġ

ʱգѾǲ̫嵱ʦشЩʲôȴһֱǵһ仰

Ҳ˲ŴġҪǵãǺ

Ǻģ
ΪѾ֪ˣ

ǵԼ⣬ԴʱĹ
ã̧ȥĺҡƽ

ԭˣԭˡ

˶ѾǵˣǵáǺ
ǿ½ĵһ˰
нޣĵȷȷСʦ̹

ĺҡ״̬֮еٳת˲뿪ս̨

֮䣬Ƽս̨
еӿڵû˾һĻЩϤ

ʮ֮ǰ˪ʦ㡭
˲˪֣סˡ

ԭѾʮȥˡ
˪սĺҡ⣬һʧܣ˽⣬һʧܣ˻
Ҷ룬˪սʧܣ᲻ỹиһջ

ֻǣ˪ʦѾûеսĻˡ

ʮѡ
ԭѾô¡
˪ʦѾʮˡ
ħѾʮˡ
ȻʦֱأҲѾʮ֮ˡ

˼ˣ̲סп֡

̫Ϸǰ
ĺҡ߳ս̨Ŀƣ
δʱ͵һˣֶпʤ񣬷龳ʿҲʸΪһ֮ġ

˵գһԵķʵϼһ˵ǰɣ
翷ĬãקԼۣӦ

̫Ϸŷһ壬ϲҡСѳΪ̫Ϸ
Ҷ˹֣ĺҡϲ

δ֮ʱߴңңһ
ÿĻĻƲȾƯ糺ɫ

ϲ£ڽһ׮

Ȼˡ






170.  һʮ   ҸղŹϲսá


ʮǰ, ȻӻԽˣ췣ձ, Ϊ
, Ȼˡ

Ȼ֮ʱɽдͬһʱ֪˴¡

ߵķ˷Ӷ, Ưβ΢΢䣬Ļл⻡, ת˲פǰ

˻, ī, ĵ÷ɫѩ, β΢΢, һĨ죬⡣

ŷ֮תһ㿴˷ȻΪ, Ǵ˺ڡ
ʮıչأ÷Ȼ״ʱ췣Ļƽ, Ϊɹ˺ڡ

Ȼ, ת˲̫Ϸǰ
, ҶԼʦ

Ц, ȷǰ, ΢ͷ, ߵȻ, ļ磬ҵĺͽܣ, ڣΪǱĳЩϼһΪҪЩء

Ҷáֲŵҽ̫Ϸ䣬һߣҽڵϲ£üá

ȻתĿվ̫Ϸǰĺҡϡ

ĺҡȻĿ⣬ʦ֣ϲ㣬״֮
һķȻԶһķȻ׳ΪߣҪöࡣ
һħ֮ǰȻǿӴ̤˵һޡ

Ȼĺҡ⣬뵽ƶؾ֮֮£Ϊӣһ˲Źֻлĺʦá

һԱЦжŵɫΪѿ׷Ȼףصϲˣ䵽󣬲ǰȥֵϲʦֶ״֮

ֲ廰Ц϶Ҽͽܳʦ֮󣬿ɾƽƽˣһʦֶܾܺһˡ

ԣɫһǵʦ֮˵
˵գûٶԣֱȥ

ŷ֮ڴ˴ȫΪ̫Ϸ̫Ϸ֮壬Ҳٶϲ֮󣬱ȥ

ĺҡ뵽ڻδڽ̣Ҷ֮󣬱ص֮С

Ȼ״뵽Щʲôͬһȥ󡣡
תԼʦδڣ㱻Լʦӻ֣Ƶĺҡߡ

Լʦûȥȥɣ¶֮Ҫǵû·ɲҪߵ̫Ϸȥ˰

˵գת뿪ˡ

ĺҡ״ʦ֣߰ɡ
áȻӦ

ڻؽ·ϣĺҡ뵽Ȼչؽʮ꣬ɽ֮ȫȻ֪˼Ƭ̺󣬽ʮĴ¼˵˵

˪˽Դ߱ãħħħ֮һǵһ¡

ʢϣħ¥ڶĻɽĽҴСѶĽѩħԵѩ˻ѩȡ֮Ľѩħǵڶ¡

ǰħѩ󱻷ֺԶ׷Ľѩİ£ѩʧ٣Ľѩ⡭˵ʧˣǵڵӡǵ¡

ڵļǡ
ĺҡ⻰΢˲żڿ˴ǰһգ洫ҲˡɽУܵħš

ڽ󣬷ʦֶһ¸Ȥϸ˽һ

ļ£˵ļ֮⣬һڷȻԣ֮⡣

˵䣬ĺҡѾߵ˽ſڡ
ᴹиӵ߽֮С

֮Уڶ洫ƼȻһ˲׷׳ʦ֣þòϲɾʹ֮λ
ͬʱҲ̲סипһ

һ洫֮УȻͷ͵ӣͬ洫ңң˦
񣬷Ȼɾʹ֮λȴѾǽڵӣתħΪħһħ

Ƕô̵һ°

ĺҡصʱƼԶ壬վڽһ䣬ƺЩʲô
£δǰȥ˵ľ

ĺҡתһ½洫ӵڶǰλʦܣıȡɡ

ԣЩţڻԼıʱȡֽŵö
ĺҡ״ڵýţڽʼ֮󣬲̫ѵġ

ҡʵǽţ̫ˡӽͰ͵Ľ͵ֻҪһ뵽洫֮Уֻʮһ֮ڽģرĽš

ĺʦ㣬ʵ֪Һϲ㰡е񡣡˵£ҲˣΪĺʦ㣬ʵϵЩӰ¼ʱʱڿڴĦ

ĺҡⲢδκεĲͷ֮⣬ֻǾ˵֮ԡ

ĺʦ㣬Ѿһһ̫Ϸġ

ʱ˵գĺҡ䴽ҲҪŬа
һ½洫Ӱʦ֮޷ٽУǵĵһºǰġԼ̽Ӧ

طΣ
ǲڼû㹻ΪԱһΪѵ
вɡ

ԣæͷһģһġ

ĺҡѾ侲Ϊʩڽʽ
ԼƬӺӱڽĻϲ¡

ĺҡ⿴һ½洫ӵĵ
δڣѾȿڣ˷ܵĺ㣬ڡڳΪһ洫ˣ

ݳ뽣ʱһһĿ˴ȣ̨Եһֶûùˡ
־ĺҡͬһ쿼˴ȣ̨һ֡

ʱһ쿼˴ȣʹ˼ʹڳΪһ洫ӡ

ĺ㣬ģȻǳ壬ֻҪĺ㿪ڣҾұۣΪЧ͡

Ц˵ȫȻûпԶͬΪǳ洫ӵʦʦǶǳ塢ȴѾ̫ܵϷСʦܣݺݡսеĳԾԾԡ

ĺҡԼˣȴûиֻ߽ȽıóɣΪ㿪ڽ񡣡
ϣϡӦ

Ϊڽ½洫ӵڽҲš
ĺҡܿһڽ

£ڶ洫Ӷһ½洫ӵĿˡ
չ洫ǰʮĵӲóֲ¡

ĺҡջ֣屻Χס㴫ڴ½̫֮Ϸ

Ҷԭ߹ͬĺҡ˵ģ־ںòһο۸½洫ӵĻᣬǱĺҡ˻֣

ĺҡ״Ȼʦ֣߰ɡ

߳һ̣ĺҡһº͵ͣ½Ųͷȥ

ĺʦá
ԶԽһϮµĺҡ⣬һ˲ųϲĺʦãΪ̫Ϸ

ĺҡ⾲ԶֵҲϲʦ֡
δ˵ϲԶʲôֻ˵ϲ

Զԣԭء
ĺҡȻ߳Զ֮ŷӦĿȥıӰ֮ϣþδ뿪

ڻ̫Ϸ·ϣȻ˺һųҸ㣬ǸԶʲô˵ģҪԶһС
ⲻڹ㣬Ǹһѡ

ŤϰСˣ̲סָֻ˱ԡ

ĺҡ⿴ԶƵ̫Ϸ壬ЦҵȻ֪

ҸղŹϲսóԸ

ʱûٹ£ҼŵϢͽ
ԶڽִȻ˸󷨣ִʱԿһ

Զ֮Ľᡣ
ĽڵʢĻɽ֮УΪħ

ħԶУʹΪ޴
Զ˽ʮʱ䣬ҪһС
ڼǸףһ䡰յóԸ

ɾӽȻΪ֮ĽᣬѵͲΪԵѪ֮ɶħ

Զľӽһʼߴˡ
ӽ֮ʱȫ
ʼ޷ҷ






171.  һʮһ   ⲻֻء


̫Ϸδɽ, ˿˲̤̫ϷУܵ˳ԼӭЩ⡣
Ŀ, ̫Ϸߴ, ͸ߴĺ֮⡣

Щĺҡ˵ʲô, ԶԶȲϱѩԭĺ

Ȼ̫Ϸûסˣȴδ˶ķϡ
ĺҡȻɽʱ, ĺҡתԵķȻ, ²ͣ

һ
Ȼδ, , ͣ½Ųת, ôˣ

ĺҡᴹ۷ȻһϮ½ǳѾȻһ㼫ı˪

ȻĶ
Ȼ, С˲ûм̳ĸ׻ɶıʡ
ĺҡĬȻ˵

ĺҡ⿪ڵҺȻһ
΢ת, ߵɽһƽ̨, ȥ, ֻ, ƶؾ֮, ҵǸ

׷ɱ֮, ͱһ, Ϊֹħ𣿡ĺҡʵ

ȻԭǼĺҡƽ̨֮һ˹ȥ
Ȼ, ĺҡ仰ʱȴ΢˲Ժ֮ӹһЩ

ãȻߵĺҡߣӦǡ

Ӧô˵أ
Ȼ˼Ƭ̣ʹҵĽʮһ˵ɡ

һ֮ʱмһɢˡǸ˸ңˣ˶ɱ񡣡

ȥѰһӵǵʿֹħȻ͵

ıڿ˴ȵǰһա
еʿʼò̫ˡ
ʦŷ֮

סǸ˵ĻҪȥѰһӵǵʿ
֮ǰڲδǰŵϢ
ڵڶ뿪˽ڣȥѰӵǵʿ

ʱºյѶѯǷؽڣΪһ½洫ӵߡ
գصڡ

صڣҲйŰ׷Ѱʱ㿴һѪ۵㡣
Ȼ˵˴ʱһ̫мĺҡʱĳ

ʱ򣬹Ű֮Уĺҡ⵹֮С
Է׷ɱҹ
ҹʱȥ׷ɵƼеӲȻָʱһ˲δȥ׷ҹ

֮¡
Ȼ΢٣Ҳ֪Ϊεʱ˵һ
ĪһǱʶԼ˲ģܹģ

ʱԼĺҡϿһּΪΥ͵ĸо

ˣҲˡ
ӦǻΪһĪûͷûβŶѡҹ̫帰Լˡ
ӦǻԸʮ֮õˡ
ڳʮųΪ洫ӡ

ʱʵȴĵȷȷ
ĺҡ⣬ʮ֮ãΪһûͷûβŶʧһڽ

һϿһּΪΥ͵Ĵ֮Υ͡

ұΪǣҲ޷⣬Ҳһصɱ񡣡

Ȼһ塣ٶȻصʱǵμ棬ͬԼŪúҡ

ҹմӽڳӣ̷Ȼǰȥ׷ʼûץҹ
ҹصߺһҪҽĺҡ°ߡ

صʱĺҡѪ۵ġ
ֵصӴ֪ĺҡʱʱȴٶȴϿּΪΥ͵Ĵ

ѪۣżȻȥʱƳƽġ
һ˲ⲻһƳֿܿĺҡʹͷ۽䣬˫š
ĺҡ飬ĺҡϴΨΨŵŵּŵʣΪǰľһƳһ

ʱҾ˺֣Υ͡Ȼ˵˴ʱ¡

֪ΪΡڵľŷ֮ûΪͽ𣿡
ĺҡԣת΢£ǰйչħϢ˳

ȻͷʱɽеĴ߶֮СʱδʦĻѡǱУǰһ̾Ϣ

֪һ̾ϢǴӺζģɵʱڳд߷·𶼽Ǿ仰μУΪ档
ǣջħ

ԭ⣬һԭǣ֮󣬾ŷ֮ԽԽأѾˡ
ΪԴһȨʦʼˡ
һʼˡ

ڲˡ
οǳ˽֮طأ

ƫƫǣе˶޲ϰΪ
̽ܶˡ

ᰳڶĽѩ׷֮С
˪ΪѩĽѩ⡣
ҶӲһ԰ĽСֻ֪Ľѩ⡢֮ˡ
ԶĽѩϣͬһ˰㣬ƫִ
˵ڵΪĽѩ⣬ı٣ݵĽѩʯȹ¡
ɽеĴߣĽѩΨһͨߡ

֪ǴʲôʱʼԺ֮ǳһңӦҪĽѩãĽѩ⣬ĽĽѩ⡣֮Ůעܾ˵Ľ󣬲ܻ֮ͨ

Ī𣬲ظħ֮ʱȻͶΪЩ˱ԽԽˡ

ʱ򣬾Ѿȥʮˡĳ֣ʶ޷ֵֹΧбˡ

Ȼûãĵμ档

ĺҡħϢʱǵŹĪԺ֮УѾȥһ֮á
ǵŹأ֮Ӱ˼ά
һһĺҡϵĲ֮£ȴ޶ԣĺҡܵΥ͸гΪڡ

ʱ룺һǼٵġ
ӦǴеǸˡ

ҼʱѾĽǣħȥʱǵԺ֮йƻңҪɱ㡣

̳һʱĵȷȷǴҪɱĺҡ뷨

Ѫһ̣Īʹ̡
֪ԼΪʲôͻȻʹ
ͬʱԺ֮һ̾סǵħš

Сˣ絶Ӯ𣿡
Բ֪ˡ
ĵǰģȴûӮ⡣

Ϊݻʶѡ
ǰĺҡѪ磬˲ɿӹ뷨նһ뷨

˺ǰˡ

һУÿһֻ˳ʱŷĳ֣зһͬ
϶ĵ£ὫΨһķȫ¡

Զ˺Լĵ¡
ʹ̣֮ʹ

һ̣ʶ뷨
δĳӿĺҡѪ֮С
Ҳһ˲һӿĺҡѪ֮еķ⴫Щķ

֪ԼΪڴһʱʹ̡
ͬһ⣬ȴͬһѡ

ⲻֻضһͬʧ

ǲУ
ȻͻȻһɵ⡣






172.  һʮ   ֻ֮


ĺҡ, תȻ
ûи߹ȻУʹ΢

ȻûνС, ȴΨֻʹ΢

ǡĺҡӦ
ͬʱ, Ժ֮кӹһλ
һʱѿڶĻ˻νУѵΪʹˣϰ

Ȼᴹ, 㲢Уܹʹ̫̫, һϰΪ, ԲŶѰеʹ֮, ôʹࡣ

ĺҡ˲
ɷ, Ȼ˵ĵȷЩ
ļ֮У֮, Ѿʹоǿˡ
δʹΪξͻأ

ĺҡƬ̣ʵһͱҵһ, еõЩʲô˵ǼЩʲô

һ, ұɱ֮, һѹ˳һ, Ѫ֮ʱ, ҵõĳַ

Ȼ΢һ˲, Ŀעĺҡ⡣

һ, ξĺҡ̫Υ, ӵһ˫ƽΪÿһȴ˵

ԭһĺҡܵЩʱ˵Υ͸, ġ
þʮǰһ˴ȵĵһʮ֮á
͸ἰǴ̾ϢǾžޡ

Щһȫˡ

ĺҡ⿴Ȼƽ
ⲻֻתʧ

ҽһ˲ҴѪ֮еõķǡз⡣

ÿһֻˣԳ䣬һֻһƷ⡣

ȻĺҡѪ֮в˷⣬ͳȥķ⡣
ʱŽԼķ˳ȥΪĺҡ⴦Ѿ˷⣿

ңЩԶԶÿһֻһӵеķҪࡣ
Զʮٱֹ

ЩɻڷȻһݵѹ󣬱õѹļ
ʱһƶؾ֮УЩյøա

ĺҡѪ֮еЩ⣬ڲһ޴ܡ

˵󣬷Ȼ
ָ⴦ӿһĨ⣬һʾ⡣

ĺҡᴹĿȻָ⴦Ļ⣬Ȼ͵Ƿ⡣

һȻûн͸˭
ָڱÿһֻһܹӵеķ⡣

һƷ⣬ܹѪ֮е⣬ӶҿǸܡ

Ȼһ˲ŵ޷Ǹ˵ֻԼȥҿ
¹⣬ڴ˿˵ڣ췣ٵڡ

ĺҡⴹעŷȻеķ⣬ȴþδйκζ
С˽ŵһֶֻ΢΢߬

Ȼ˺һĺҡһֱδй㽫еķһݣʵ㲻ҿǸ𣿡

ĺҡⲢδȥӷȻеķ⣬ǻ̧ӭϷȻĿ⣬ҵȻҿܡ
ȻĿ⣬ͽš

ĺҡǣСˣÿһֻһֻΨһķ⣬δʱӦý⽻

ȻԣЩֻҿɲǡ
Ļδ˵꣬ӭĺҡƽĿ⣬ֹסδ˵ڵĻ

ҿɲΪϲͳġ
Ȼ˵仰ûܹ˵ڡ
гȰ˵ĺҡ⣬ĺҡеķ⡣

ǣǰ䡰ҿɲǡ˵ʱӭ˫Ưһ٣һ뷨ҲѹƲסĸֳ
ŲΪʲôΪνĴܣŽͳġ

ǡ
ΪϲΪͣԽԼķ⻽˳
Ȼĺҡ۾ĬȻ˵

ϲԴǰһ˫ƽ
ɴ˿̣Ҳ˫ÿ۾˾ܾ

ڲ뷨ĺҡУ޴Ρ

Ȼȥָ⽩á
ָϵķ

ãȻµջ֣Ʒⱻָ⴦˻ȥ
Ӧش˵öԡ

ҺȻˣ뿪֮ǰҸ׽Ǹҡ
Ȼһȡ˳һĺҡУ͵ооǣҲܽ˽ҿǸܡ

Ȼ˵գͷҲصתߡ

ĺҡеķǣŷȻȥıӰá
ȻӰʧɽ֮УջĿ⡣

˳ɽϣĺҡ̫ܿϷ֮ϡ
֮УǷ̨⸲˪ѩ֮ʢ
еķǶЩ˪ѩ

ĺҡ̨̨һ
˹ȥڼеλãá

Сʦ棬һ̫Ϸ塣



Ȼ̫ϷɽŴԶСһˡ

վ̫ϷɽŴķȻһ˲߹ȥʦ֡

ȻΪã忴˺üۣ²ǰĺҡ֮ʲôϵʵ̫Ϸʲô

һһѾȻͬˡ
Ȼ֮ʱô˽֮ĺҡΪ忪ڽ֮¡

ҽʦ̫Ϸ塣

ʦ̫Ϸ塭
Ȼظ仰ŻȻ̫Ϸֻĺҡһˡ
ǰ˵Ҫʦ̫Ϸ壬񲻾ǰʦĺҡ⣿

˼ˣȻԭ΢ɫֻ˹úѧҪû̫Ϸ֮ҲҪ
ҪˣҲúָָ㡣

˵գȻӻ֣ȥ

߳Զ֮󣬻ȥȻԾվ̫Ϸ⣬δ뿪
ƼȻϵĹ⣬Ļ졣
ɷȻȴٲȻֻͷɥķˣʧ伫ˡ

ܿջĿ⣬̫Ϸߴȥ
Խߴ̫Ϸеĺ֮ԽŨ

ڱѩԭдȻϺ
̫Ϸ֮ʱĺҡԾ̨ϡ

ĺҡŲعתȥ壬壬ɡ
Ӧ

ĺҡ㽫洫ó
ԣȡƣݸĺҡ⡣

ĺҡӹƺָ⴦ӳһĨ⣬֮Уγ̫Ϸӡǡ

壬̫Ϸ塣

Ƶݻĺҡ⿪ڵԺ̫Ϸĵˡ

ƣĺҡ⣬ʦͽ񣬶嶨ʦ

ĺҡ״񣬵̫ϷУֻС
΢˲µļֻˡ

ɽ罫ңΪһ½洫ӵĵһºȥġ֮һ
ú

ĺҡⲢδ˵Щʲôֻ̫ϷɽѰһԺΪԼס
岢ûȥ̫ϷеĵˣӦǡת뿪

ĺҡ̨֮ϣ˼ú󣬽Ŀ䵽еķϡ
ƶؾ֮УԷ

Ȼ˵Ѫ֮Уһķ⣬һֹڴˡ

ⲻֻתʧ
Уǳܵʹ֮󣬱һϰΪ

ĺҡ⽫ʶ̽ڷ֮УĬȻš

һ򣬱¡

ЩѪ֮еӡһ׸ա

ԭɽεֻء
ɽһһεֻأֻ֮С
ҲֹͣǰʼϹţڻһա

ֻ֮УΨһıԵǸ






173.  һʮ   
֮ÿһεת


ٿһ, ˵
һˣӳνβ, ʿ, Ҳ޷ˡ

Ϲʱʿ̤֮·, һ, յԷ
ʿΪԼ, һȫµ, ȴ֪̤Ϸƽ֮, ӭǵģǻ

һ, ʿеΪãַɽ磬Դ׳Լ

Ϲʱ, ȱȥκ䡣
ԷȱΪеĶ, Ŭһ, յԷ, Ϊɽ, Ϊ⡭˵һ֡

֪Ӻʱʼ, ڷϽʿԽԽ, ǱӴѶȡ
˵, ǰǧʿ֮УܹʮʿϽ磬ô֮, ÷֮٣Ӵ˷ѶȺʿֻ֮һ˷

ҪѡΪʿΪԼһ֡

ӴѶȵͬʱֲţɽһһս֮С
kΪ֮зϽʿԶʱʿk⡣

ڣһһս֮ҵһkʱ
Ϊ˲ѹեʱǱһʱɽ벻ϵֻ֮С

ÿһֻصʱܻһkΪʿ֡kؼƻʿֿkʴ

ɽֹͣϹʱħǰеĻƽʢΪʢʱϽֻء

ڻεֻ֮УʿɱĸԸΪɵԴȪ

ĺ֪˶á
⵽˷ɡ
µһֻ֮УһЩkʼ޷ı仯
Щ仯ϹʱĩڵϵЩƫ

ɽģǵ֮
Ϲʱĩڣȴһµϵ֡ޣǵkɿصġ

֣ܽ޵ϵߵ佫ٳһλͬڵkĴڡ

ֻһλĳ֣ôܹڶλأ
kʼλнʿ֣ڼԵĴ֮£λȴǷ˵kͼ

գһϹʱĽ޵䣬ܵݵĳ˯֮С

˯ʱɽӭһµĻƽʢ
֮ʱһ֮Ĵ롣

ĺҡӵеЩִԴĵһ
ӵֻΨһı
йУѰϹʱλδʱٵĽĵãԴ˽

ɺϵǣλǰǣǡ
գ쵽ʱϹţ֤λǰһУҲ˵֪ɽֻصܡ

ӳ˯оѹǿɽһֻ֮С
֮걻Ͷֻ֮С

k룺Բͬӵ֮ʵĽʱֻϡ
ǣһ˷Ϲʱһ˷ںлƽʢ֮ʱֻϡ

ֻأһԴϹʱĩڵֻأһԴ֮ɽֻ֮ء
ֻأ޽ƽתȥ
ֻҪ֮޲ϣkԶܵв

һѰͬӵǵʿǶɱҡ֮С
ǡսħĴԡ

ɱվǱ
֮겻ʿ֮ÿÿڹؼʱѹӶͼƻkĹֻء

֮Ἣˣеʿڵkƿ֮£Ψֻ֮˵kƿء

ʼеע֮ϣת˶һ޵ľƿء

֮ÿһεתĲٿ֮Уɡ

֪һεֻת֮ԼεķɶԽԽʱڿµһֻ֮ǰkתֻصĲ֡
kҪµˡ

Ŀ׼лƽʢ֮ǡ

һνǸɽ硣
ԡ·ԭŮĽѩΪĶһ磬ž۷Ů⻷֮УԸΪŮ׳һС

֮ᷳ꣬һ֮ȴֲòյk趨ķ

룬kŮǻڳ֮k趨ֻ֮С
ͨٶȿkԴԴkɡ

һõļƻһ
һľļƻƣkҲһ˷ɡ

ʼնû׹kѾ˸Էֻ֮УΪλһkͬĽ֡



̫ϷϢԽڴɽΪ۷׷סڵĺҡԷ֮Ϊ̫Ϸ֮ʱ𾪲ѡ

̲ס²̫Ϸǽڵ֮һֵȻ״˾磬ΪβǷȻΪ̫Ϸ֮ĺҡΪ̫Ϸ֮

Ȼδ壬Ϊʵģôܻ÷Ȼ̫Ϸأ

˼Ƭ̣˵֮еһˣ˵зȻ״ˣĺҡΪ̫Ϸɶʮǰھŷ֮еĸһôûжˣ

ǰɣһչôˣһϢûдǲΪڶĺҡĹӣһá


һת˲ӹ۵òͣмӹ

һں˵˵Щʲô

˱һŵһˣתۡľϢĸһһ˲
һ˾ǿ˵ûһչôˣһֱûжһ콣ڽûμء

һüͷһŲƽЩ飬ͽôܻװ±Ķأ

ָŲԶļһֻ̫ˣŻῴÿһ˶ñ˼

һ˵գ˻ۣ̲סὣȥ˸ϳ˳ǡ

̲סСڵĵӣڶҲôԵ𣿡

һ˵С棬ˣ߹ȥƽ͵ĳ͵ãǽڴƽ֮ͣʿǶԽЩᡭ

ʿϸ˽µѺ÷Χ֮ÿյѺýһϵеϸڡ
ʿǺµģκ̬̫ºͣòȥڽڳɹĹۣ˵ġ¡ʮ⶯

֮󣬽ڽ£λ⣬ǰһԡ
ãһһġ

ЦŽ˷ſֻص˶С
뽣ڿ˴ȽѾȥࡣ

ɽжġңΪڣ洫ӷֱǰִ
ѡǰġ

һ״ȴǲʵ˵ôʲô

ġ
ʲô

͵ôһ£ڶҪġ򣬿Ըıܶණ

ͬңģϾɱּʩ֮£һ˿վΪ˵

һˣֺû
ĺҡͽܣ϶˵úе

һ֮࣬ӱʦһ仰
ϲˣҪݼڲС

ϲҡʦ㣬Ҫҡʦͽһչˡ

˼ˣһļ磬ģһҡʦúչġ

˭۸㣬ҡ






174.  һʮ   ˣס


ħ֮, ħɽиڵ໥š
ħɽдػţ˴˽֮á

ڿ˴Ƚ֮, ɸ洫ŵ, ǰġִӦ
ΪһţӵϢ, ص˽Ӵˡ

פǰ
ΪڵӣǰӴˡ
, вֵصһͬȴš

һϮѩ׵, , һò, Ͷ䶼͸ϵϡ
Ϊϣʺ޵֮ˡ

ֵص, ĵķˣȴ̲סһˡ
Ҫ˵ʺ޵ʣĪ

Ƕ֪, λӵʵʦ뽣ڣһ, ȴ, Ÿڡ
λʦڲ, ˵ڵĿ˴, ɹΪһ洫ӡ

λʦóΪ洫֮, ûаκһλ, ѡÿһλһʱ䡣

, еӶΪλʦڽôЩ꣬еϵĽһϲ
ȴûϵָλʦõгһ̾еšȻʵ
, ֱָĽѩӵз֮ʣǽпܷ֮ˡ

ʦ֣ǻûȿȡ
һ𣬻δ˵꣬㱻һȸϡ

ԣתȥĽѩ⣬һ˲
ԭĽѩδˣΪɫ˲԰ףɵת˲ӭĽѩĿʱ޶˽ɻѹȥ

Ĵ·ϵЩ顣
ٵȵȡ

˵䣬ƼԶĸһˣӭȥ

һն˵ꡰҡת㷢ԼһѾߵ˵פǰ

ӭֵѡ
һ״ֻ˻֪Ĳʶ壬͵壬̫Ϸӣǽһ쿼˴ȵĵһ

ѡ
幰Ӧѡ

һת㿴վߵĽѩ⣬ƽһ£δ
ôãĽѩôǽŵӣ˵߾ߡ
һֱѡ
ᰵӽ뿪ħȥħ绹Ҫء

ĳԵģĽѩʦãǵһ쿼˴еĵһ

һ£̲סˣλĽʦõǻͦİսɱп϶

˲

֮ǰѾ˽ĽѩǰһЩ飬ܹ׸һΪλ䳰ȷ
ԴǸºһЦʦ־ˣ˵ֱЩ

ڽһֱȽϣȻλĽʦǵһ쿼˴ȵĵһǽѺýһ

ԣתĽѩ⡣
Ľѩᴹ⣬ڵȻԣֻʱЩ״̬̫á

ֻһ䡰շͬһһ˵𶫻Ļɽ֮¡
˱İסضĿԺСǲձҪȥɽͬڻɽǰħ֡

Ľѩ⻺ת븵һȥӰ۽һ˲ڡ

Ϊ򱻻٣ôٴ˼˱Դ
ҲǱ
ͬӴָı˹켣ģ˱

ĽѩӶڽ̫ϷСۣ૵̫Ϸ壬ĺҡ⡣
ڵһδȥ

Ľһһ˰׵֮߳ԺУƼĽѩ⳯
˲ʶͣ½ŲĽѩ⡣

ʦ֣֮뽣˻һͬǰɽҿԸһȥ𣿡Ľѩʵ

ע⵽ĽѩԲ԰׵ӣѯĽѩ޷֣ұȥɽˡ

Ľѩ̧ģʵʦ֣ҿһȥ𣿡
ԡĴ

˵ϳСڻɽǰߣǵʱǲǾͿԼϳСˣ
Ľѩ⿪ڵһûмϳСء

ĴϳСȷڻɽ

Ľѩʣ˵ʦָϳСͬһʣͨϳСûָʦ֣
ϳСڵڵʱ䣬ڱչء

ϳСְƴһңҲûʦָͬһʣҲûʦ֡
Ľѩ˵ţƼԼס֮ˣʦ֣Ȼˡ

ĵͷĿĽѩ߽ԺУջĿ⡣
վãʱĳһ˲üͷ΢

ĻĽѩ˵֮еһ䡰ͨ
ãɵĲ֪ںʱԼ޳ĵʵ
ն

ΪĽѩ֪ϳСǵͨʣ

߻Լס
ȡߵһ̣͵ؿȳһѪ

ԭնһ֮صٶȽĵڡ
İǰ˺һĽѩ˵֮ԡ
ϳСͬһʣܡȥϳС̣ϳСΪԼ

ʵڲԼ˿̵ľôˡ

Ľš
Żվָ⣬ԼǲѪĨȥ

գƴϴһѶ



֮󣬸һǰɽսħ֡

ͬʱ帵һıչ֮ڴ˶
ͬգɽУ˾ʿǲڷһ֮١

һ֮٣˰ࡣ
֮ƴյĻҰ֮УҲò˾һڶƵġ

Ըһ̤˾ĵһɢڽϷĻ³µؽΪ

һӳһʱɽиʿǽĿۼһ֮ϡ
һչ꣬ؽס
һףǴڵʵ

һΪ洫ӣ֮һĸʼһ״ˣӭ˷ĵ빧ϲ

ϲڣϲһߡ
˺ϲȻҲ²⣬̽

һ˰µĴ˽ףɱǵʱɹ׽˰ҪΪֻһһ˶ɽ٣ǶҪΪʿһڶɽˡ

ЦҼһôٶҪһûҼһһ״ˣǴڵΪ

̽Ц˹ȥڲ֮ȻǷ֮ĺҡʱų׷

˭Ҳܽһֻʮʿһ״ˣЩǧꡢǧŵΪ˲硣

ʮ꣬һˡ
ˣס𡱵ġ

һжʮ꣬ΪһߣʵΪš

֮󣬸һǰĻɽս;ɱϮɱ
һһɱϮߣķ

Ϣһ븵ŭϷԣƣߣҲҪ䱳ƻ֮˸

ڰгһһȻҲ̫Ϸһ

ĺҡǰ;УϮɱ
Ϯɱģһ֮ħޡ


⽣·տ⻪һС

ĺҡ⽣ɱɥ֮
⽣ɱֻеһʱǨӳǳ١

֮ǰһ֮õ򴫳ϢǳЯ²ƴӳڷ

ѳɽ磬󲿷ֵطΪħ֮ء
һħħλħפ֮С

ǳƼĺҡѳǿƣ˲ĺѣɷҿһƣ

ĺҡԣеƵ˹ȥ

ǳƽӹֻһۣʧɫڽ͵ĺѣħǱߣħħޣҪְ

ĺҡⴹǿƣʵںδ

ƴӳ֮ʱħʹƵơ

ĺҡƽһûʹ֪פλħֱ˭

ֻ֪һλħħһ峤ţСлʲôţ

ǳ˼Ƭ̣л䡣
ƣҴһħơ

ĺҡ⿴λʵ˼ǡ

лɱң






175.  һʮ   Բ


ĺҡƽؿǳ, еõ϶Ļش𣬳лҪɱ
֪ΪΣȻּΪĵĴ

ħڵжԹϵ, ֵߡ
ֵεʿ, мӺĶˡ

ĺҡƽԣĪ뵽˴ǰǾ仰, ޽ѣѵǡġ

Ѳ⡣

˼, ĺҡգ۽, һסˡ
, ųԭлҪɱ𡭡

פص, λл峤֮⣬һλħ˭ĺҡʵ
лǽ½ħ, һλħħԭڵߴħ֮һΪ


ǰħ֮У͡
, ¥л뿪һͬפټӵ, פء

λǳδ֮ӳģ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ, ȴǲ, ͷӦҵ˵ħ֮ԭߴħ, λħΪԭߴħ, ʵΣ
, ͬλħ𣿡

ǳһ˲, ųһӵĹУλħйݵĽ֡ʵ֮ϡ

ĺҡǳһ˲ɣȫȻ֪, ˣϸ֮еҺڻ

ĺҡ֮ǰѾһ洫ŵǰ
ǳ˵ڰѵĹУнڵӲұħץµĽڵҪٴν򣬶ԱܵĵӽӪȡ

ĺҡԣӦǱȥʱפؿ

ԼƬӺʿڵʱפء
ǳĹ֮£ʿΪ˼ֵԱҹѲߣԱ֮Űħ

ʱӭϴҴҶһµʿ
ʿճ£ʱ˳æЩڲ֮ǰٴðǱˡ

ԣ¶ż֮ɫתĺҡ⣬ĺѣ㿴⡭ǵһܽЩӸˡ

ؾţҽڵӻԱġĺҡΪĵȰ˵
ֿʵӵĿգ˽ǰʿʱߵķ

ǳһʿӵ˺յҲʱפеʿ롣

ǵʱץһҵĵӣͨӶռ˿󣬴Ӷġ
Ǿȥһҵӡĺҡ

ԣĺҡȥһУҵӡ

ĺҡҵʱüͷһ
Ե˵ҵҲǽڵһӡ

ĺҡ⿴廨壬ʦ֣þò

ʢǰ洫ǰʿԽսһԱ

ĺʦãþò
ٴμĺҡ⣬Ϊӡ
һ֮ٴμ棬ĵز

ĺҡע⵽忰ͻƻΪϳڣЩ֡
ҴɽӣΪӵܣȴδħӶʹΪǡ

ĺҡ⿴ǳѯʵɷҽߣǰһ̽

ǿԵģֻǡ
ԣһ˲͵εĶһ䱸ɭϣĺѲȽɳʱһͬǰ

ĺҡѾվͻгǰֻǴǰȥ˵ЩȴȲ˵ġ

գλǳͬĺҡľĺҡ⽫ߡ
ǳʱפأȴŽˡ

ĺҡǰ
ǰĿ΢һȴδ

Ȼ벻ڿҲ˽⣬ǰĿڽղδ
Ҳ˵µһǽտĵһ

ڵӴûг

ĺҡָ̧֣΢һ飬ɫԾƽ
ʱһ˲ĺҡ̤С

⻪һת˲ʧԭ

ǳſ֮Ŀ
㱨ڵóȻٽʿСʵĺҡԹ޳ģΪγҪ

㲻֪ϣģĺҡ򣬽ڹɹﲻͷֻἤħħ֮

ɱˣɶȥˣһҲࡣ
ֻǡɺҺһζѡ
㲻ϱɽ硣



УȻסֽţȴɫƽ
ŲԶһϮµĺҡ⣬ãųмˣ֪𣿡

ɽȻһ֮ãɽеĸϢᱻ
ĺҡԷ֮Ϊ̫Ϸ֮£ɽۺ졣

ɽһڣ̫ϷΪʮ֮һȴǸϾʿ
ժýʮ֮һ̫Ϸ֮нڲ˽£

ĺҡһӡ

ĺҡѣתʵʦָ㱻סˣȴһҲţİҰںʯ𣿡

ѣȴĺҡһҭ
£֪мˣҪյأ
񣬿һˣѾ͵ȥ

ĺҡԣʵҵˣб𣿡

ĺҡ֮УҵЩм֮⣬̲סһһ𣿡

ĺҡ֮⣬ȻȻ˴֮䣬˭Ҳ˭

ǰδͬĺҡйĽӴ
һӴû뵽ĺҡԭôһȤˡ
֮ĶԻţͷһ㣬ƫƫԷ֮⡣

Ǵ֮ĶԻ

ĺҡ΢ô˵ҲԣӦ˵ķ

ԣ͵ؿĺҡ⣬֮¶Щ֮ɫ
ô¡

ֵʱ⻪һ


ĺҡ֣ץ˹м⽣ת˲ӳ

ڵĹ㳡֮ϣտնܡ


𣬽ɨ֮£ҵӱ¶Ϣ

ʵĺҡת˲˽ħޡ
ΨħŻἤصʷӦ

Ĺ㳡ӵһӵϣǶĺҡ֣ĺҡЮֵ֡

ĺҡЦʦ֣Щôӵܰ
뵽ǰڿĺҡԣ

Ұˣ㻹ңǻ᲻Źң
ĺҡΪѯ塣

Ϯһӵܵħĺҡ⽫Юֵһƣӭһ

һ貵տ֮УħֵĻת˲ƣ׹¡


տѾħӵܷ⽣¡

ĺҡٶȽƳȥ˻ת˲ʧĹ㳡֮С
ҺԮǰ鿴ʱĹ㳡ߡ

һߣĺҡһԺС
ſ壬Լе⽣

徭һ⣬δ֮£̧ȥĺҡѩ⽣ϵѪþˣרע
ָ΢һ߬϶ԲķΪ

ĺҡԣ̧壬ֻһЦȴδ

ĺҡ⣬һ˲ʵǰ˵֮ķ
γԣ

һǰѳɽ磬תͶħȥΪħ¥еǾ䡮ħ֮Ϊһɡ

ҼʦʢһΪ޾
ԣæüнģϳڵΪ

ĺҡⲻ˵»ãһ˵£̲סֹѲΪ˶һ츳

ĺҡ⿴壬һ˵ҹʦһδħЩѾħӵܶɡ

ĺҡһ⣬ʦ֧ɣ

ء
ʱ򣬶֮ܲ

ȡ֮عɽ磬ҵλ






176.  һʮ   ҡˣղŽڡ


ħ, 벻ħ
Ϊ׷߾ʵԸɽҵĵλֻȡɽеλ, Ըħ

忴ĺҡ, ĬãͷӦ

֮ǰ, ѩƿأڲѵ֮, ѡ˸ľ

һ֮ǰ, ͻȻӵټ
һ֮, 򱻷, Яѳɽ磬Ͷħ硣
ڲ֮, ¹ӵħ幦

Ӧѳ, 򽩳
翴Ҿ, ʲô, һɶǴɽӵ֮ˡ

ǳ֮, Χ, ֻħһ塢ħԼѡ

ʵҪһͶĻᡣ

, Ҽǳļƻ֮ʱ, ֮ˡ

ĺҡ⿴, ЦЦҪͬҺҪͬں

ԣڳ֮ʱȡյĿеĲֺ

, ܽⲿֺ

Ҫ뽫󳹵ƿأô֡
˵˴ʱĺҡ⣬Ը⽫յĺó

ĺҡⲢδӦֻʵһûмѩ󣿡
ҡҡͷûм

һ֮У˶ѩĸףλҼ

ɱѩ󣿡ʵ
ĺҡⲢδϣҲûпڷϣʵܴЩ𣿡

һ㶣ͷӦܣĲֺ

ⱻܣԭĴҪȥڱţһҪǡ
ɵĺҡһ˲Ȼ͸ı⡣

ʮĺҡһ򣬱ضĺҡʵ

áĺҡӦһת֮Уħλħһ峤ռһأ˴֮໥͡
ǣȴ֪Ѿֳɡ壬ǰȥͶħߵڰףǷǡ

ΪͶħ¥ħ֮ɳһǲȫȻŵġ
ħһҶȻҲǲ̫ŵģħ¥粻лͿפ

˼ˣĺҡһлǱߣȥ
ɵһˣȥȽڱץЩӣ᲻ᡭ

ĺҡ⿴壬˵ֻܹһǰ֤𣿡
ԣɫȻٳ
֮ǰһͼ򽻸ĺҡ⡣

뿪֮ĺҡ⽫ǿʶģĻμС

ѩ֮󣬾Ҳûгֹˣδµġ
Ĳٿ߾ѩѲ˸ϵ

Ҫѩѩһû
ͬǧǰ¥ڽ̨ϣȴ¥縴һ㡣

ǲֹѩضɳΪڶħ𡭡ѩһԶ¥绹Ҫ衣
¥ڻûȥ֮ǰ԰Щһˡ
ѩûħ֮ǰڽѾһˡ

ѩķ裬ֻĽѩס
Ľѩȴʧˡ

ĺҡ˼ˣǿת˲ʧլԺ֮С
֮УԼԵĲ
ǻ֮䣬ǿĴ㡣



򣬶Ϸ
˴ħһפ֮أ֮䣬ǳ༫ΪڵħʮĿ
ӵ߹ƻĵòּ֮׵ʵ

֮У׵ȱĽڵӽǱץ˴˴
ǣһ˵Ȳδܵκ뿽

׵˵ĿУħ֮еħɷģû뵽ħоȻһħΪħһ塣
ħһӵһòһ˫ڳ˵ĺ֮⣬ʿް
ħһ嵱УħԶʿøò

ͬŵСħһò̲סǳħģܹƻģǿɲϵ
ܹ⿴ǳúÿͲԷˡ
ǣȥǵһ˫˵Ǿǿһ˫ƻĵġ

֪𡭡
׵Ļû˵꣬Եһλò毺õħͬԵļһ˵Ρ

Ȼ⣬ʶۣЩ̫Ӧ⻪

ҪҴ
ױ͵ƽһԺУ̧ԺվǵӰµĻϢֹסˡ

ǽڵˣʲôģ

ϳԺӰݣǲ֮ǰϹλħһ峤л䡣
Ϊڵӣôܾʹħ֮أ

Ҳû룬ͷʲô֮ǰô˵˵ʲô

лЩ˼תʲôⲻѾ𣿡
Ϊؿħġ

Ǿΰɣһǵóѵġ׵

лǰ
ñòֻ¶һز԰ʤѩ򢡣

ڵԣл䵹룬뵽Щʲô㣬Ӧǰ
ҡһóѵġ

ٹãһзǰЩħͷڴ˵ġٵ

ǽڵ̫ϷǰһɨԴ
лɤתǺ˴㣬˲С

˲˺һ̫Ϸͽʦֵĺ㡣
˼ˣæŭΰɣĺŲᱻԻ󡭡

лԣδֻñ𣬻
ΪԼһ衣

⧲֮£ײ˽¶òл䣬ٶһ
˺ܾãų㳤ôÿôҽڣҲбÿˣ

ʮǰȥһνڣôûпл䷴ʵ
ôûУʦ֡
Ҳûѿڶһ˲ס˻

һʱ֮䣬֪ԼȶлԱʮǰ̫һ֮ʱе𾪣ǻΪѾ뿪ʮˣԼȴʶʱѿڶһ䡰ʦ֡еѹ

л̧⣬¶ЩĲ֮⣬ʵ˵ˣòᰰɣ

ײʦҽÿˡ

ôħʮ꣬Ѿˡ
лЦһβ΢ı֮£Թޡ

Һˣôܱȵùң

ΣˣֻһħĺǾԲᱻԻġ
˵ǰħֻñܿлͶĿ⣬ñԻ

л䱻ӣΪˬûߡ

Ժٽѹߣлǰƣǵһ鲻ãҪ¡

лԺУһ
δеİ뱭֮дЩ̧ȥ

һ˲л͵վ

л䡣
ĺҡ߳
δվȣлѾ첽˹С߬סһǡ

ĺҡ̧ȥֻлգ۽ޣһ˫˹
лҡˣղŽ۸ҡ

˭
ĺҡղδ߳ͨǰĳɵ˵Ĳװɣ

лͷӦǵģ˵Ҳ䡣

˵ħվһ𡣡
˵ᰳñҺÿһˡ
˵ħ;һĻҪ׵ĽɲС
˵

ĺҡ֣лͣ
ûлеߵǷǵĻֻʵѾˡ
ԣԱѺлԣҲʲôˣҲҪҺ桱֮Ļ

л䱻˻Ҳֻ˫ʪַ΢ĳҡˡ

ƹƻĵħ˿ͬӡ

ĺҡ⿴л䣬̾һʵһ꿪𣿡

ҡ˵ĵطſġ




177.  һʮ   ҡˡ


л侲ĺҡ, ֻҪҡڵĵص㣬Ҷġ
ͷĿⴿ, һӾͿ

ĺҡ, ˲˵Щʲôʱ, ƼлһӾƿĿ⡣

лĿƣת˻, ҡ, ʲô
ŲҪҡ˿ٴξܾĻᡣ
ֻҪʲôû, ͿԼȥ

ȵһ, ҡ˻صħʱ
սħʱɡ

ĺҡգۣųյ㴫Ϣ
ھµıչض֮, ڽӵлϢǰԭǴǰĵġ

лԣ±, β΢΢͸żֿĵζ, ҡá
Ҳûо˵ҡá
, , ҡĶ, õҡˡ

л˵, ĺҡ仰, Ҳδȥϸ, ֻʱһֱ㣿

ҡҪҳͷ𣿡
лӭĺҡĿ⣬͵ͳǵ, һֱ۸ҡԴҶħ֮ΪҡˣûܱӻҵĴڣǶ۸ҡ

л仰һתҶһһ۸˻ȥ

ĺҡлⷬĿ΢ʵ֮ǰɽȨһӦҽǾӦɱ֮ǲûãͶˣ
˵գ˵ԼɱȨǾӦʱʱ䡣

лһﴽҡˣĺɰҲһգȨֵġ
ƫĿ⣬޳ָƶؾʱǺɱǾӦġ
ûãҲˡ

ҡˣϬ
л־ҲŴϢûãͼҡˡ

ҡˣΪϣǸ׵˾Ȼ˵ǲ䡣лƲֵ
δĺҡ˵֮ʱüұ΢һ֪ں˵˵

ħΣһһֱҡ˻ġ

ĺҡ⿴лÿһҵڵСɣЩˡ
Ŀһתһħ

ĺҡƼлһ˫ٶ֪л伴ѿڶĻʲôˡ
лҡá

ת˲֮лֵҴǰΪҡ˶ˣҡ˺ԥ뿪ħ磬ңת˸ˡ
ڣҡֿΪ˰ҳȥǼһұ־ҡ˶ˡ

ǡлÿüͷҡʲôʱЩˣֻһأ

л˵գͱ¶Լռǿʵ϶Լҡ仵æʵһҲĵģͦԸġ

Ϊ֤ԼһҲģл˺һų͵ҡˣ㿴Һ棬ǲǾ֤һҲģ

ĺҡ⣺
л䲻˵»ãһ˵£̲סʵл䣬ƽﶼЩʲô飿

ʲôˣ
᰿ǵ棬Կ˵ԡСˡ
ټл䱾ħħ֮ڹƻħ
лһ췭ظ

л俴ĺҡ⣬δʲô֮ڵǿҡ˵ϣҺġ
ĺҡԣ۽һ飬ͣ

л䱾Щʲô¹ɱ죬ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡתȥߵǰ¡



򣬿ħפء
ħ겻ѣѾ򽩳á
һǲϵңһǹҵл䡣
ǣ֮£ͷ۲ѡ
Ǹǳе©˳ȥ

ħԺзȥþò䷨
ʱĳһ̣½Ը֮ͬħһ塣

˼˵ҹҹɫǰȥ͵Ϯ
ħŲԶ壬ɳ

忪ڵħòף
ħΪҪżǺǴһʵļƻж

һֱˮݣУѵħλл峤֮Ĺϵӽ𣿡
ħ㶼δ뵽һͬǺ͸˵лǱܹ뵽Ըħһˡ

˴ʱΪβץɫƽ˵ħԼ֮УһûлǱߵ̽ӣ

ħԣɫһ
˵ʵȷ޷֤

ħʮħ֮УΨħһóƻ
Щħ׾ǲᶨ·ˮ꣬Ϊħһ̽ӡ
ͬĵȴ޷ħһ֮а̽ӡ

֮ʱغܿͻᴫлУʱжѾһл

οлӵнⲻìܣǲܻԸġ

˼ˣħãǺҹж
Ӧ³֮뿪ħֿ̽ʹȨ

áħӦ

ҹҹˮ׹ħ֮дҹ

ħѸٵȻǱҹɫǱС
£лħһפظȴһ˵ȷһӵϡ

һͬл֮Уá
ֻҪһжлǱ߾ܳͬԡ

Щƴֿħл˵ʲôҲƳɹÿÿʼ֮ʣܳҡ

ǰʱ͵͵һȺڵĽޡ
룬ýħû׼ܹвһЧ
û뵽лһЩȫȥˣ
л仹Щ޸ǲԸԳħ
ɷҲ

Ҫ˵лħȵҡ⻹ҪѲ
ҡһԲϾͿ򣬾Բ˵ϻ
лأл߻˵˵ţ˵ͷ

ħΣȴԼʱҹɫ

ʱĳһ̣һ˴ƻҹɫ֮ת˲
ħʾ֮£ȳ˹ȥ

ħԥ׼һƬ֮Ϊߵл䣬þȫһƣ˹ȥ
ħ󺰵л䣡ɣ

ۣ
Ҽ͵ر͵ϮһƸУ³һѪ
ħšлֵħ𣿡

Ҳû裡л䣬ҽվҪɥ򣡡
ħ׼ˡл䡱ۡл䡱ܵ׷ȥԷйһлܵı

ҼһӭĹҪȥϴ˻ڷĿħ
Ƭֲ̣סӹ͵˦һ󷨣ӵܣ

ħ״æ׷˹ȥ
׷šл䡱ټȥ

ʱĳһ˲ħƼת֮ĳ־ͷлͣ˽Ųת
»ˮݣȴ޶˶˼ɡ

ħδ룬л䣬Ͷ·ˣҽһҪڴˡ

ħһ仰δ˵꣬ԲӹһĨտ⻪


ħֻüһĽԼѾտ̴

лɣ
ߵʱһ۵ڵϵĿħֿĺҡ⣬ҡˡ

ĺҡɲٿŲ֮еٻ󣬽⽣˻

㡭ǡ
ħȻۡ
ʶ֮ʣлһţȴΨֻҡħǰֵù






178.  һʮ   ɽÿһ޶Ӧ


лҡ, 

ĺҡԣӦԽྻ⽣ϵѪɾ
ȥ, ħ˫, Ѫ䡰㾹Ȼû˵, 뿪

פǴ¡
ħδǰֻһӦǰ, ǰɽ硣

, ĺҡ, ڼ֮, ҵл䣬ҹɫ֮ǰ, Ǹһǵٻ

ٻ֮Уĺҡⲻڱˣֻڿħ¡
ٻЧ, ʹÿħ϶פرħһפء
ÿħ϶Ҽл䡣

һѾ, ֻǱ߶, ħԼ϶ġл䡱֡

ƻѳɡ
ħ, 䣡

ħ֮, ħ¥, ߴħֻʣࡢᡢλħ
֮ǰ, лᰵĺ֮, джȡйڼƷħطˣûлָ

¥罫л뿪פ, פ
ٶĵģ¥籾ħ

֪ΪΣĺҡ¥ڶһĪصĶԴ
ħ֮¥ѡڶĴɱ䣬ʮš
ǰʢʱ¥Ҳڶĸ¡
ڣ¥Ҳѡڶפ

ʲô¥Ĵڣ
ʲôڶĶ¥вģ

ʲô
еڡ

ĺҡעлּ䣬кӿħʬ׻ҷ
𣿡

лԵģҡˣ˵¼ͬͶħ磬ħȥᰡ

¼֮£֪ġ
¼Ҽħͽᰳ˶ᰵ׷ɱ
Ǹ׷ɱδء

ο½ħΣһȨĶħȨɹ

ľƣڴǰ

лעĺҡ⣬ʵҡǲҪˣҪȥ㡣
żҡ˲һգҡ˾Ҫ

ĺҡ⿴л䣬Ҳȥ

ȻѾȥҪȥ֡
ңһȥѡУҶ˵פԸһͬǰȥ

л䲻ٳˣֻǾĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ״ڵħפħ붫ĵı߾Ԩֵ֮ȱ

ʲô뷨ԳʱȥĺҡƿĿ⣬͵ͳ¥粻ٻȥħˡ

лɫ΢£ʵҡΪҽǰ·е鷳Ҫģҡ˻Ӧ𣿡

ĺҡԣ̧л䡣
л۽ᴹ£ÿСӰ΢ţЩõĹӰ
βıɴŶǵĹޡ

ĺҡʵҪʲô

лע΢¡
Ҫ⣬Ҫҡ˻

ãлҡˡ

Ҳ˺ܾãżҪħ翴⡣

ĺҡԣȻȥţħǸλõʱҰѹ͸㡣
л˼˺ܾãʵһһħ翴ҡ͸ҵĹ⣿

һĺҡܻȥںҹ֮󣬺ܿὫҹĻ˺ѣٶȳ֡

˿𣿡лʵ

ߴһ⽫ҹĻ˺ѣͶܡ
лȥס˽յĵһ⡣

һ꣬лѾӦշʮǰڵһ̤ɽеʱΪҫеʡ

л޳ѩ׵ָȻ䡣
л£Ӧҡˣҵ͸ҵ⡣

ĺҡӦţ̫õġ



է֣ɱһҹڿʼð

ħ䡣
ħ˵Ҽ˵ɱ

ħѾħӵɱ˽һҹܾˣ©

˷Ӧ֮ʱʰоֵ˷֣֪ںʱл估ħһϢ뿪

ĺҡʱվ֮ǰץסĽڵӡ
״˹ʵħѾˣ

ĺҡʬ޴棬ҷ𡣡
ԣ˼Ƭ̣ɳг׷ĹУ˴֮ʣһֺķˣδüֹ

ʱ̣˵ֻƺԵЩº󷴻ڵ˼
ȻʵȷģԼ˵£Щվסŵġ

ǣǻҪ»صɽ磬ô˵ѡ

ĺҡĽͣûʲô
֪ҼһСȴ˽ˣȷܹ֮ǰٵ󷨵Ϊˡ

ĺҡӦȥĹ㳡̽һ

Ĺ㳡
ȻĵطѾ׻ȥ
յĲֺط޸Ҳֻ޸һĿ

һĿطѾҼС

޸ĵΪ¶

ҾӦ޸
һǼǴˣ֮ǰһǱߵֵúãַӦġ

Ǵˡ
Ųԣ

߹ȥ
ĵæ

ĺҡעѾ޸һĿ΢
˼Ƭ֮ȥָ⴦ӿտ⻪˲佻֯ߣڿ֮ϣ޲

תͬĺҡ֮ʱƼĺҡĶ
˼˲ѡ˼ȥ

ĺҡ޲֮ʱֻоĹ㳡ϵĽڵҲӵĬȻΧۡ
ҳ£ҲĹ㳡

տ貵⽻֯Χ۵ʿֻǰһƬۻҡ
޲һٻĿһķ֮£Ĺ㳡ϣǰ޲ӵ

£Ӵĺҡһ˸ˡ

ĺҡջ֮ɸϷտ޵þþòܻ

ʱĳһ˲һ𣬴˵ʧ
ż̲ס̾ĺģ

˶عǰȥû뵽޸
˵գܿ뵽ĺҡ⻹ûн֮ǰ֮¡

ǳǰʱĺҡԲشһߵġ
ĺҡȻܹ޸ĿȻҲܶ

ĺҡᴹŸڿ֮ϵտ⻺ɢŵ̹ҵģϤĿӦǱͨĿ󡣡

ʵλСʦ𣿡
ǡĺҡ

һ뵽ȴһ¡
֮ǰħֱȴһ콣裬ʧܸա

ԭǵСʦ
һֻڱѩԭ콣⣬˲ٿص֮£ֹܹħֱѩԭж

룬̲סʵԸңСʦ𣿡

ĺҡ⿴壬ݷۣݷۡ

Ա˲һ仰ʦ֣Ż֪ɡ
ʵʲô

Сʦ滹ǻĴߡ

ɽУÿһ޶ӦݷΪ






179.  һʮ   ᰣʲô


ĺҡ⽫޸֮, ҴĴʸ
ûã˸Щ⻪

˼״΢һ, 
Ž޸, ôôͨдˣ

ЩӰԿĹ⻪֮߳
Ϊ׵ˣӰһ˲

ӿ߳, ǽڵ·ŵӡ

ĺҡ͵ڽ֮ǰѾͨѶ, ŴʱǸġ

·߳, ȿĺҡ, ʾ⡣
Ͼ, ĺҡ̫Ϸƽ֮

ĺҡ״, ǹ

ڽӵĺҡ⴫Ѷ֮󣬱˲ſ·вٵǰ
ĺҡѶ֮У˵ǳ֮, ýСĪ⡣

ĺҡ·ӹϵ֮, ܿſ, 뿪, ǰġ

·Ŀĺҡȥ֮, ջĿ, һֱԭ, , ΪʦôҲ˵ˣ

ãڲźһʦ

ʦ

֮, ɽ硣УͽһĴڡ
һֱδۣͬɱʼջ˭ֻҪģǶˣͽ

Ӵ֮󣬻عɽ硣δҲкܳһʱ䣬ǲܻӭġ

·ӦֵҡС˵һ֮£ЩҲ˲ȥһǰɡ

ã򾭹һıʣҪܳһʱָΪĶĻָҲҪǵһ

ʦʹȥгϡ



·㱨֮󣬿䡢ҼϢ

ʱδħӣعɽϢǰ˳ȥ붫ĵľٶȷ仯
ڴ붫ĵľƳȶˣٽѾعϢ

ʱŽڵһɳ洫ŵӵ֮ӭ˾Υ⡣
ڵĿ󱻽ڵӸռ˲ֺġ
˫˶

ڵľԶڵľƸӶ䡣
Ϊڣһıڡ

һ;ֱ¼פأ¼Ҽ¼ҳ

¼ҼͿ಻ԣʰ¼ҼǸ˻أôھԲǵ£ȻԿᰣ

¼¼Ȼ¼Ҽ֮¼ҼֻŽ¼ԴԼΪ
϶ԣҪͶǰҲǲԸġ

ħΪħ¥õһλħֵػδΪǰ֮Ĺڣԡ

ڽһڲԺг
ʱˣħΪѺõҪ

ʱһգֵħ֮ʱߴӹһĨ貶Ĺ
ȴǷȻѾ

ڵԼ²Ըħ˳ħʿƼߴķˣ̲סϲ֮⡣
ΪȻĵʿǡ

Сġ

¼פڣڴ֮ϣ˵Ļ㱨ʱ̧˵ĻС

㱨ħƼᰵĶһ˲Щŵʵħôˣ

ûεб壬Ц֪ڵֻС˰ɣˣղŵˡ

ħԣӽˣħǸôأҪҪǰʲô׼

˲񣬲ŵáճͺá
ħᰵĻŸһ˿Ϊ᰽ŵһ仰ŪٶȽ

ᰵϾСɱ㣬һо͹ˡ
ħ޽ŵýʵǡħأħܴùֻС𣿡

ᰳ˼ãŵ֪ϾǰڽڣҴûӮҲûһǾ˵ġ

᰻˻֣½Ͻ㱨ãϽߡ

֮󣬷ȻħնڽµϢܿʹ
Ϣһûдɽ硣

࣬зȻڣ󲿷ֵѾʿ˻
㣬谭

¼פڣһûбڸ֮ϣħ޵Ļ㱨
¼פ⴫һ죬ᰴħ޵Ļ㱨ˣǶȥɣصħȥԹԵһ

Ƕ֪ħ˸ʲô鷳ȥ˭ģ԰ɣ
᰻ĵʵ

ڵڶħشȥл峤ħĹϵãҲǴħһλħˡ

᰻˻֣Ӧţ

֮ڵħ޿ʼ롣
Ǹħ޼ᰲδжʵħֻͬС˽𣿡

Ц£ݳĵһϮֶ˼
˼ϾδĹˣôܹ棬뿪أ

Ǹħԣ˵ЩάĻһ뿪

һӵʱ䣬ټ¼פһӾͿ

᰾ڴϣʱһĻ֮УȻΡ

ŷȻӵ
ȵȻ߽ųСˣǿʮûм˰ɣ

Ȼ̧⣬Ŵ֮ϵᰣڵһ仰ʵΪʲôҪɱ˪

бڸУȻ仰ͻȻЦµĵСˣҪʮǰѾ֪ϲ˭û׼ҶΪϲ˪ˡ

ҪȻôǸһ棬ܵһΪʲôҪɱ˪ء

ȻδӦֻ俴ᰡ
Ц£ŴӸ֮վ֮С

ʵҲûʲôɣɱ˾ɱ¡
̹ȻҲڵɱ˪ڼǰɱҵĸף衣

ڶ֮ǰưĸԼʱĵ
Ȼֻ˵һ仰Ӧ

ԣתȻص鶼֪
СˣС˰

Ȼ˶ݵĻ֮С
¼ҼưɱԼĵ뵱ʱĵ֮£һ¶ġ

ʱ˶Ѿɱ
ᰵԸӦǾԲưոݵģ鱻¶֮ȴĳصӰ֮£ѡԭ衣

ܹ֪顭
˼ãٶȿڵ֪𣿡
Ҫˣұˡ

Ȼʵ˭⣿

Բ֪ˡ
ᰵ



ݵ¼פƷȻչһ춯صĴս
λΪˣ߾ȫһսֱӽ¼פغ飬˲仯ΪС
Բ֮ڣΪսڣ˸ٿ֡

գһսԷȻȻա
˲֪ս־εļң
Ѱ˰ʱ䣬Ҳδҳ֮ʱұ㶼Ϊˡ

˽ΪᰳһƧУײײС
ȫ³һûһõģȾ˴۵Ѫ

᰻֮䡣
ʱĳһ˲Ҳֲסˣ͵ˤڵϡ
ˡ

ǰһʱ֮侹֪ʱ˿Ϊ磬Ǻҹˡ

žż΢ĳ
᰻۾ڵԼǰ

㾹ȻҲǱ
һԷŮ֮С

˺һ᰷֣ۣȻǰӰ

һϮñӰݡ
ᰶˣʵ˭

ᰣ븴𣿡
˿ᰣ֮
ϧ뱣覹˼ˡ

᰺Ц
뵽ʮ֮ǰԼڽڵʱĺҡǷԻ

ᰣʲô
㵹⡣
á

ı˽ʮ꣬ڵȵһա

żĮʵƾʲô㣿






180.  һٰʮ   ҡʦˣҾͲ


ź۵˲δᰵ, ֻ벻ţ޷ֻ㣬븴𣿡

᰻, Ϊ˶óء
, ŵ롣

Ͷˡ
ƺ׼ۼ, һĨ

᰼״ħ, ʹ, ϼˡ
˭˵ˣ

Ĩᰵ֮, գ֮, еƸԭ˿Ѫ

, ǰò˽һƵݸᰣʱ֮ʱϵõϢ

, ʵ˭
㲻Ҫ֪˿ڵ㲻֪˭Ҳ֪ݡ

ᰵ֪˵ݡ
Ļδ˵֮ʱ, Ѿʧǰ

ʱϢ, 뿪ʱĶϢġ

ǿ, ˳˼֮С
֮, վ, ȥ

ʱĶľ, ħ¥ɽ, ɽд󲿷ֵĴʿǾۼڴˣ˲ýš

ħıԵɽ룬ħĵפ֮ء
ħ޾, ¥ڴ֮ϣŴдҡҷ⣬˼ʲô

֮⴫ЩŲ
ڵ⣬ħĵɽнڡ֮ȫ˶ľڡ

ѯʵħǷҪ׼
¥ԣ̧ңңԶĻɽȡ

һ˲ʵ¶ħڵ˭֣
ɽд󲿷ֵĴʿѾ˶ģ⻹

¥һǵĳ֡

˼Ƭ̣Ӧˡ
££߳

ῴңңɽ磬ħ߻ôãѾ֣ȴƫƫڶʼ޷֡

еڣнڣڱǵؽפء
ħҪռɽ磬Ҫȵʱ

վڴ֮⣬˼Ƭ̣ȥܿɽǰ
פڻɽ֮еĴʿǽڵĸһ

һʱʶ̲ס˿ֻԼߴһವķ硣
֮ǰиһĽ޽ֹû뵽ȴһԼһ첲

ССͣʵȻ˲
Ϊζô
ڳҲô꾹Ȼܹжֵ߲Ȩ

¼ħţѯʵħǽǹأ
ءῪڵҲȥʾħħٵȵȣһʵʱὫеĴʿһ򾡡
Ǿ;Ϣɡ



ģɽ

ĽѩŲԶڸ̨ϳɣɵֻǾЩ̫
ôˣȻǵһսϼϳɡ

һϮ°׳ۣòʱƼĽѩԽԽ԰׵ɫĽʦãǾò̫ȻȥϢһ¡

˴ħ߾Ľʦ壬һħͻʹ̡

ĽѩŸ̨֮ϵϳɣãٶȳڼϳС֮ʱžòġ

ԣȴһ˲ʵĽʦô˻˼ǡ
ĽѩҧŴ֪꣬ΪΣҾϳСЩ֡ΪβԸʦأ

ĵΪս³Խ
ĽѩԾɲĵһǾá

ѡ
һ𣬴ĽѩĻ

˶תȥԶֵѡ
ĽѩԶҼǵ㣬Զ

ԶԣĽʦûǵҡ
ʲ·֮ʱЩ̸֮ʴͬǴк

֮⣬Ҹղ˵Ľʦ֮ԣ˵仰Զ
뽲Ӧ

ԼʮǰĽʦ֮ʱһλϳǰʱĽʦҲΪķӦϳǰɹ

˶̽ðϳǰ
ԶˣתĽѩ⣬ʵ֤ϳǰû⣬Ľʦõ¶⵽ɡ

սϵʽ˲Ϣ䣬ҲĽʦ̽¶ٴܵɣһ

ĽѩҧŴ꣬Զʵʧȥ֮ǰѾɹϳСˣ
Զȷд¡

ļ״ˣǾͲٴųˡ
áĽѩӦǽϳС滽ʦּ棬ɷʦһȥ

ԣĵĽʦþȻûдԼǡ
ĽʦȥһϳСҲá

˼ˣıʱһ֪ġ
˵Զȥ

ԶӦĿĺĽѩ뿪
ãŷӦȴ֪ΪΣԼĽѩⲻǴǰĽѩˡ

Զϸһ룬ȴֲеĲ
˼޹ִĽѩʧ¡

ԼƬӺһĨԶߡ
ԶֽӹѶ֮еݺ䣬æȥ

֮ҼءԪϢ˳
ʱǶսΪ֮ʱ¾ɼ֮ʣĲʿ˶

֪һ¾Ȩ߽棬֮ʱ׳ӵʱ
ڱפڻɽһ룬صפء

֮ҼŵϢʱսϻɱħ塣
ӵԶѶ

ħ޻ɱ֮˻ػɽפء
ڴѶ֮ǰ뵽ĺҡͬ˵Ļ

壿㷢ʲô㶣
һʧǰһΣ¡

ʱ񣬽ԼеѶ⿪øһѶеݡ

һ֮󣬵ûʲôӦֻȥȥ£ȥͲȥ
ȥҿȥϾҡʦͽܣ˵һỤġ

ǡ
˵սϵսɣû¶Ϊ£һ룬ҶǱֵ˲˹š

ҲܳȫȫͶս֮С

˼Ƭ̣Ӧãջضǡ

ա
븵һص˶֮С
פλǸҡ

Ƭӣ븵һվפǰ

ǰʶҵġҡ֣ʧá
ʱʮ꣬һλصҡ

꣬±ÿһĻԺ֮С

ʱʮ꣬ڴǰֵѾˡ
Ѿϲ˭ˣ븵һǰ֮ʱֵصӻѯʵǶλǣ

һΪǶǽڵӣԶġ
˵գԼΪ洫ӵȡ˳ʾ⡣

ֵصӼ״æλ
Ϊһ·˴ҡ

ڳʱһŵĴ壬壬¡
Ҳ¡Ǵ

ǧ£͵͵㣬ҰҵˡһҵֵصĴʿҼеû¸ɣͰϵġ

ֻҪҸҳ֣Ҿͺҵ֡

ԣǧҪ¡

ԣ̲ס¸һֽ˷ܵ飬һ˲ŴʵʦҹңѾˡ

ҡʦˣҾͲˡ
һ˲ÿ

һҪҡʦǰֵúһ㣬ȸһҪã






181.  һٰʮһ   Ȩ֮λԡ


ֵصӽ˴, 㣬Ⱥ

֮תϰڷŵ㡣
һһ߶ָԼ嵹˱, һк, Ƕ, Ⱥȵ衣

״ӹһݹ, ȴδ, ֻС
һȡһ, ʵó𣿡

һϸƷ, ŵͷóѽҼҵĸóԶˡ
͵ɽһ, ǵҸס

˵˴΢΢һ٣鲢δκα仯, 򱦸ؽû뵽ôȥ, λҡ

һ, һ, ׼֮ʱ, Ӵ߽֮һӰ

տ, θߴ, ϡ
ڻѲһ, ֻ֮ģˣĿ΢
Ÿһ, ʵλ壿

廹δش𣬸һȿڵͷӣ֪ʱ֮ǰҪԱ𣿡
üͷһ壬Ÿһʵ𣿹ȻûҰӡԴʻҪǫش𣿡

˵ʲôأһԣŭˣг˳
ڴ

ʦ֣ҪŭֵΪ˶ŭ

һʦ֡һһ˲ŷӦ˭壬̲סһ

һųҴСûܹί
˵գ˱˳ȥ

ԻһһˣԺС
˿֮أŸҽסһһ

ʼΪеһʦ֡ɵš
֪ҰӾȻҲ˽ڣ˽һ쿼˴ȵĵһԶȡõĳɼ̫ࡣ

еġʦ֡һλ

ʱϽ˸һһ̽һʵڶѣԷ
ֻҪǽĸһһж˵

һҵĳϽ֣üͷһ壬׷˳ȥ
ϵΪǷڣ¸һ£гս֮С

ϼҲս֮Уɵϲ֡
ڴ˴γֵĹ֮У壬Ҳ޷ˣǱǺһ

彫޿ܻصң̳Ҽ֮λҲϨԶ뽫λø뷨

˼ˣϺ˲٣֮ʱõԽء
ʯ֮䣬ϻȻһԶġס֡һݣտۻӶ䣬ǽ߾ȫһ

Ҫڽһͬڴˡ
ҰӽõĸӵܣҲԲʲô̫Ҫĺ

·ϢƲɵ㣬͸һȥ
ͬʱһûǰֽ塣

븵һһۣԼͬĻӳԼĽ⡣
֮䣬Ѿڻɽսϰٴεս֮Ĭ
ֻҪһ񼴿ɡ

ƸͬҲͬĽڸгڰ֮ȴһ
ֲͬĽⱾڣȴڴ˿̳ϵںˣ۳Ϊǿһת˲ȥ˺

λ껹δǰΣһ֮ʱѾǰг徶ֱȥƲɵ֮

һɫ䣬壡
гٶȻӳȴȻ


ȴڴʱһտӳǰ
Ǻ㣬ȴҲ޷ǰ֡

һ״æ塣

ҳϣôͽ˺֣
δȵ

˲䣬һտĺҡ߳ת޷ٶֵϡ

ǵֵǰտȻըѿۼϸ
ϱ޿ɱܵ£ת˲˳ȥԺǽϣһǽȻ

ʦ
ҡʦ㡣

븵һԼ̧ͬĺҡ⡣

ԶһλŻɫ۵İ߳Ժǰ
ԶԺǽ֮䣬δ䣬ֻѡԵĺ˹ȥ

ԶԺУǸһ
ĺҡ⿴Զʦ֣þò

Զԣһ˲Ķ࣬þò
壬Ϊߵİߣڵ壬Ǵϡ

ڲΪȥȨҸϾվӣ뼰
ֻδվӣδƫҡ

뽫֮Ȩ壬ͱõϵ֧֡
ֻǣû뵽ȥ֮ʱϵõеϢȻһ֡

忴Զеϣ֪
ϸ壬ųúӣһƣҼǵճʱһ㡣֮䣬ôȥˡ

һ˲תĺҡ⡣
ĺҡֻڡ

ԣգۣڵҼǵ㣬Сʱü㡣

Զ͵ѾжδأγأΪ֮º
ѾصңȨߵλӦá

Զû˵꣬Ժǽ֮ϱţУԲУȨ֮λԲ䵽ҰС

ֵʱͷϷдЩ
ת˲˺ѣҼѷ֮߳ûԺǽ֮еϰ㣬ֱȥ

͵طһҽС

Ҽһ㣬æһӣԺУŵҵ˶ϲ˯һ˿ܲסŵİ

뱧Թ뿪Ц˵գҼתһʵûɣ
һ״ʱƼѪĴԺǽ֮

ˡһ϶
ҼԣæҸպ˵껰أͽϵˡô˭۸ˣңҸһسӡ

һָųϣĹĵĵͷû˽̵Ұӡ

ţ
Ҽüͷ

˵ˣҲû˽̵Ұӡ

ֵϳ뿪ʱҼתȥ֮£ٶ˦Ժǽ䡣

ۣ
͵䣬³һѪ̲סָţȴ仰˵

ҼҵҪ˭˵Ҽû˽̵ҰӣɣǣҰӣȫҶû˽̵Ұӡ

ȫֻʣһ˵˰Ѫһ־ʹУ˹ȥ

ϼ״֪ǰʧԶӭ
ҼЦЦ񣬲ŵҴϣҾڲǸˣôʲô˶ܵϳء

˵䣬Ǽ¼λڴˡ
Ϊ׵ҶƼȺ֮е壬һԶԶ֮£ǿԴӳ飬ؾôˡ

ͬҴϼֿĺҡ⣬ֵҡСѣ˵˵öԲԣ

ĺҡЦ²λ֮ˣȷλ






182.  һٰʮ   ʦ˵


, ԵλϣЩѿ
ܿ죬˽ϴȥˡ

Զ, Զȹ
Զ, ϣ塭

ԶĻδ˵, 㱻ϳϡ
ϽüͷԶ, ɻǵ㸸֮ǰ, У

ԶԭִҪ˵ȥĻ¡
վԺ, , ·ֻص֮ǰڻɽһħþ

ǳħþ֮УȥԽһ֮, յĽȴԸ

֮ԶʮǰҸκι֮, ıȨλȡȨߵλ, ֶϾɱ

ʮѾȥ, ʣһ, Ѿɳ, 㹻, Ȩ, ڳλڽ֤

ŭ, ǳԶôΥ㸸׵Ը
Զ׵ľ֧ߣôԶóȨߵλá

Ŀ֮, ϺȻ֡
ҼЦºͣǳֹ֣ϣǰɣ˵ˣȥǶˣôУ֪˻Ϊе׶ӣҪ̳أ

ΪߣȴǽŽ״˾ģȻֲѾõĸҼ
ŭ֮£̲סҼ£븵кθϵ

Ҽʲ˯ԺǽλϵֵܰɣҿǶ˳ͦģλϿ˵Ҽû˽̵Ұӣ֪Ͽɷ˵

ϵ˵˵ˣû˽̵Ұӡ
ѿڶϱ㽩סˡ

Ҽסϵĳ֡
ԺһߣԶ˵ţ̧塣

岢ӦֻǾԶ
ԶڵҴҸף㡭Ǹ
˵գۣϥ΢һ䣬¹Ǹ

һ˰벽

ĺҡ״ָӹһĨֹԶΪʦ֣õǸ˲㣬ǸҲֹһˡ

ĨԶν

뽫Ȩߵλø壬ҲѡȨ

ıȨλ˸ϾɱǱȳһС
ԶҪȨߵλø壬ҲñȽ

߾Ͷߣ뻹㻹
ĵ

ԶҪԴȫԼӽĽҪĳޣΪԶһö޷ͻ

ĺҡ⿴壬ʵ壬߽ڳˣѡʲô
ԣĺҡ⣬ɵʦ

ĺҡڣ㾡˵

ǣƻĿ⣬Զֻ뱨𣬻뽫Ҹ׵Ķҡ

Ҹ׵괴򱦸󣬲δҡΪҼ֮֮ʱ򱦸Σǲ˾;򱦸󱾾֮

ҽǰֻΪҪӦҸ׵Ķ
ƽԩͷծһʮ֮һһ֮ˣΪ˱𡣡

ԶãŵͷӦãһᾡ콫򱦸ȨҷС

ǽ̫Ϸ塣̫ϷӣΪ̫Ϸһӣ򱦸Ȩ̫Ϸ塣

̫Ϸ꣬򱦸ΪԴŸܹڽʮ֮һ
ͬΪڵһ΢壬䱳ĲԴҵҶҡ
Ҷ΢壬΢ȴֻҶҡ

Ҽ⻰ЩĿ塣
û뵽С꾹˼̲סСпҪҲСϸµ뷨ͺˡ

һԼҵСпҪ룬ôأ
Ҽһ̯֣ҲСΪӣֻĻҡСѿɾĴְ

һԣ£˺һס
ɰ׵ѸٷɳĨ΢죬СҲġ

Ҽʵ⣬أ
һһģΪһ

ȣ
ĺҡ̲סһ˸ҸĶԻ
иҼ׿ѯҼӶˡǰ֮¸Ҽٵ˵ʲô֮

ҼЦؿ˿ĺҡ⣬ֿ壬Ȼ⻹ÿСͬͬˡ

Ȼ˼ͨ͸ɴ˿Ի˼ǧġ˼ɾ˵ĸҼһʱ֮仹ûзӦ
˼Ƭ̺ףҼ˵⻰һǿʦӣһ棬Ϊһ

פУҼ׳֮⣬༸λϣ岻ǽ̫Ϸ洫ӣеĸҽá
δʮ꣬⼸λҪù˼շı档

˼ˣ֣򸵼Ҽһ

Ҽסϵԣɫѿ
ǽ洫ӣҪ壬ѾҪŽѹˡͬΪ֮һĸһҪһš

Ҳ֮е½Ҷѣһжδɳʹʧ򱦸ô뽣ڡҶҡԿ

գ¼ϳͬ˽򱦸Ȩֳ֮¡
ҽʮ֮򱦸ȨĽӡ
ˣδʮ֮ڣùõսľģһŽھʹˡ

ԶĺҡפſڣĿĺҡ֮ʱãסĺҡ⡣

ĺʦãЩҪ㡣Զڽ⣬˵һϲڹϲҵĺ£

ҼĺҡԶлҪ˵Сһȥ˲Զĳ־ͷ
ĺҡһԣҹϲʦյóԸ

Զԣ૵ϲյóԸ
ĺҡ⿴Զʦ֮Ĳ̹֮޷ȫ߽ǰ·ǵҲŹϲʦյóԸ

Զ㶳
ʱĺҡѾԶŷӦԼǰ֮£ԭ֪

֪Ľʦĺʦá
֪ȥ񾿾뿴˭
֪֮ʼ޷ȫ

Ϊң֮ߵǾ·
գóԸ

ԶǰָԼ䣬䴫΢С
ʮΪδټħӣѾʼή

ʱϴѶԶȻѡ
ȥһˡ

Զߵǰδڣȥ
ڣڷһȱ

ϿԶ£㸸λúûһ㸸ǰС
ԶԼҸ׵λǰд񣬿ͷ

Զһ츳ӵܣΪֻһ̤֮ǽ΢洫ӣδڣһȲ壿

ΪβҵȨߣΪǿЦʱ֮꣬Ϊ˶ħ֮УЦ

δҪɹһ٣ÿ㡣

ҳΪ֮ˣ༸λѾ󡣡ƽҵˣҵĹ

ʮ䣬һҪڼ˵ﵽĺҡĳɾͣҲøٳһߡ

ԶԶͷڱĵ棬ۣӦ֪ˡ

ʵݵǽΪʦҶû˵ҪΪһԸܹϽڣһδĽγδ˥ܣ

Զʦ˵ֻߵĽʺȥһȨߡ

ôʺˣҶǶľӽ𣿾ӽʺδº͹ƫС






183.  һٰʮ   סԣڡ


ĺҡͬԶ˵Ƿ, 㳯Զȥ
ڴ˴ԶӴ֮ǰû뵽Զڵ֮ʱħѾ֮صΪδ, ľ𡣾ֵĽ᧿Σ

ڲ֮, ǽʼ޷õһܺý취ìܡ
ԴбĴѹ, вģͻìܡ

Զ, ʱֿԵѪ֮Ϊ, Ѷ, ӽ޷ȥԵɡ

ӽߵ, һ֮
Զľӽߵ, Ǿ·

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣ͽԶ֮Ժ̧ȥ

һƼĺҡ߹, 㺰ҡʦ㡣
תȥ, ǳʦ

һ˳ĳҡʦǲѾˣ
ĺҡ˹, Ӧ, ̤פشŵһ, ҾѾҸˡ

ȫ, Ҳ֪ԶȥҴ, ȴ;б, Լϵĳ֡

һԣû˵һ䱧ԹǸ˷ܵҡʦǲҲ˺ϻһ
šĺҡӦ

ҡʦûоúϤ
ĺҡǵ֮ʱ, ԸħһʽС

һĺҡ⻹ǵһ壬͵Ǵ֮һֱһڱչʱҲо
һΣڻɽսϣԸħʱרźһϰһ

һʵҡʦ㣬Һúòã
ĺҡ⿴һ壬ڵúܺá

Ѿ˽ᣬһ屾ҪػɽսģҼҪػɽս
˵䣬ɽڵķȥ

·ϣĺҡڸһҶԸϵһЩĸĶ
ĺҡʵûͬӳԹһʽУ

һʵ֮ǰѾҹܶ˳ˣǳҸ֮⣬˶С

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣Ϊأ
һһۣ¶ɻ֮ɫ
˶ûȥѧ󷨣֪󷨸θС

ǸҼĺҡ뷨һͬҡС뷨Ǽá

뽣нΪӳĽһγǿһԽս

ɽУܹԽս߾ʿˣϾֻ
ս֮ϣ߾ϵ;磬ͬɱ

Ҽ뵽һΪҪ֮¡
ܽλʿǿһǷսħ

ħһӦӵд˾Ϊʵһڴ֮ϡ

Ҽֻǣһǳ֮óЧ

ĺҡⲻһ˼ȴδóһĽֻûϵһһЩ󷨡
ڸɽ;Уһֱ˼¡

̤ɽս߾һ˲ӭħĺҡ˲
ս֮ңңʱѾȻӰ

ʱĺҡ´ʾ븵һҪѾɽս֮¶

Ҽڣʿڵսͽʿڵսһȥ
Щת˲Ѿš

븵һصɽսפսϵֵصӱ֮󣬱סδĺҡѾ˻ɽս֮¡

ڶУҴңɫ졣

ʮ֮ڣ򱦸Ȩ²ҵ뿪ת̫Ϸ洫¡
ڶľ˲СӰ졣

ұ򱦸Ĳ𲽷չģ˶Ϊ֮һ
ҳΪ֮һŹȥѣڲ㷢˱ʡ

˾̲֮࣬סͬΪҵ¼ңѳɽ硣
ԻһʱҾ仯ֻиҶɵ

λߣҼѾãһȴǽ䣬ΪĴʿ
֮£ڽǧ֮ڣΪ֮һĵλᱻ

ҶҼΪҶһ뽣΢ศɣڲҶҵĵλ㲻ᵹ

ҡ
ʧȥ򱦸󣬽úȥδأ
̲סҶƼ̳ȨԶȥ룬Զʦڽڣʦ΢壬ǷζҽҲҶҵ߹·

һʱ֮䣬ľڵʿ˽¶ұ۷׷ס

鲼ɽ򱦸չڽ̫Ϸһ£̫ϷϵС

˶ΪǾŷʮķȻ̫Ϸһգǽ֮һѾľŷȣ̫Ϸȴûоἰ

ɽУֻмһ֪̫Ϸ屳ģɽоʵλڡ
ʿֻ˱档

ھȻδ˾ĺҡΪ̫Ϸķ
Ѿ״˵ĸһδʼһ֮ʱӵнһȨ
ĺҡ⾹ȻܹΪ̫Ϸ

ĺҡʢ֮󣬳꣬ڴʱ˿ٶȳ֮С

۵ĺҡʮȴδڻɽս֮ϣǾоһ¡

ʱʮ֮󣬻ɽսֵʿʼʱ
ĺҡ⿴۽ɫ˵ڻɽսפ֮ء

ƾŸоĺҡܿɽһɽϡ
ɽ֮ϣܾշһڴ˴£

ĺҡʰ׶ϣûãѾɽۡ

ϳĽŲǰѾȸܵڤڤ֮Լϵ
ת̧ȥһϮµĺҡ⣬ҡѡ

һҡѡȴ˵κһҡѡͬ

ĺҡ⹰ֵϳɵѡ
뵽һ֮ǰݷǣѾ˵פУȴûܹݷϳɼһ档

췣Сʦ汻ȥ˻ٻʱ򣬾ֻһˡĺҡ͵ǸûܹǼһ档

ϳɳĬãųұѾһˣ״ֻ̬ǹһεļ棬ǰ

֮ǰǰȥμӷɶ̵ƿ֮ȴħ֡
֮󣬷˵û޾ϵķ𾭾ò

ǰսУݷֻһ棬Ҳֻüһѡ
֮£⣬ٴǴ¶֮С

ϳʵħǲѾȫˣ
ǵġĺҡӦ

ħȻѾˣȴиһħڵȴǡ

ĺҡ˼Ƭ̣͵ȨƼƷħ֮£ֻ֮ȴȥԼ
Ѿ˽֮

ϳɿĺҡ⣬עĺҡĶ
տ⽫֡
ĺҡתķѰϳ֮Լϵ׼䳹׻ȥ
ڽеһ֮ʱϳɺȻȥĺҡһ

ĺҡ⻺̧ϳɡ
ϳɳҲҪԼ

ĺҡԣջ֣ȴδ⿪տ⻪

ϳɿڵ֪Ϲʱ֮ںδ𣿡
ĺҡϳһʣĬã˵һ𰸣

ǰ΢ĩ֮ʱĵӣеˣͨҵְǴʢ

ڵȷʢˡ
ڵڷʢͬʱȴһ֮һȵڻҪʢ

ϳɻҵĵͨģҳļƷħ޷ƿҡԼˣټ֮꣬һ᲻ڽΪԸһУ

󡰸ָֻϹż֮ʱ̲סȥ룬Լʱݷ۵Ľã᲻µһ֡
İʾ֮£ݷ۳Ϊѡ

δ䣬սľս֮ʱ᲻ԸݷõǰУ

޷ȥ룬Ҳȥ롣

ĺҡԣ΢
αƶֻϹŵһֻУǲһֻϳɴ˿²һ㣿
ϳɾĳԸݷõУ

ϳɳҪססҽԡ

סԣδĹȥֹһеķ






184.  һٰʮ   Ҫ䣬˭ԼƷ


, ĺҡ⿴ϳɣӦãһסԡ

տ⻺ɢȥ
ĺҡֲŵϳɵ, һо, ҽоһ£뽣ʽй, йأһ󡣡

ϳ, Ȼֻص˺ܾ֮ǰһԻʱĳ

ϳɵ, ˵һЩо, ùһ, һݹȥĻþ󷨣˷·侳ػعȥ, һԼʧȥļ䣬֪ܲϳɵѰæоһ¡
Ҳõϵʱ򡣡

, ʱĺҡٴλһϳɵѡϳɲŻع, Ӧ, á

һ, ҪǶ޵Ľʽ뽣ͨ󷨵ʽһ, ӶնԶнΪһ⡣
ܳ, ڽ޶, 乥һ¥

ϳĺҡ, ˼Ƭ̣ĺҡео֮С
ϳȻʽ뽣⣬һȴǻ, ǱɽκһλʦҪ֮ͨˡ

ϳɵļ룬ĺҡһоṆ̀ڽоһµĽҲӿࡣ

ٴεĳԣĺҡĽɳתΪ˾Ľ
ֵһصפأĺҡڴˣطˡ

һʶдĽ󣬳ҡʦ㣬
ĺҡ͵ĿҪһλʶʿҪЩʿΪ

ͱ統Һϼƻħ֮ʱҵʶ㣬ұҵʱ򣬸ʦʶҪ壬һϽ

ĺҡҪ⽣󣬾ͱѡԶԽΪϤͬڵӡ
һԣκ⣬ٴѶҡ֮ٽ⽣ʹ֮

ԣӦãǻġ
һ˲֪ò˵ս֮¡

ĺҡֹʵսϷʲô𣿡
ĳɣʵйϵģ

һò¼Ľĺҡ˵ĶԻ֪ҡʦ㣬㡣
һʢʱ岻֪ԲŲ֪ôڵġ

ĺҡʢᡱĸʱѾ²⵽ս֮йϵʲô
ʵħ¥£

һӦЩǰգڻɽսڣ˫սʱһֱûгֵħˣڵĽƴϸˣŻ

ĺҡһüʵʲôŻ˵ڵңҳ֣֣

һߵ¥˵һֱڻɽڵĳ֣ǳڻɽսϣͿʼʽ򶫻ˡ

¥˵֮ԣʱڻɽսϵʿˡ
󲿷ħⷬĵһ뷨ǣĺҡǧҪڶİ򶫻ľͲˡ

Щħһ仰ʱȴ޲ջԼһ뷨

¥绹˵Ҫһղڻɽսÿһգһ֡

ĺҡ˸һתδκηӦʵԣǰ¥ֵĶǵڵĽƴϣҽûг֣¥ǲǸһˣ

Ȼʱ֣ӻɽսϢħ¥ռĺҡûг֣˽

ڼǰĺҡֺ֮Ϊ١ɲħ¥Ķ֣ħˡ

¥뿪ɽսǰԳƣǲҡ⣬ұһ֡

һգ¥뿪֮󣬾һ£ȴɢ
ĺҡⲻ¥ÿһգһˡĺҡˣ¥ҪԶ֡
ĺҡ֣¥ҰĶѾȻңĺҡ޹ء

ս֮ϵĸʿҲΪ¥ԣŪЩֲ̿
̲סĽڵѯĺҡ񾿾ںη

ԭΪ򱦸֮ʱĺҡֱٶȳУΪħ¥˷ڻɽսϵʾΪٶȱ顣

֮¥˵һˡ
֮¥˽һˡ
֮¥˵һˡ
֮¥硭

ʮյʱ䣬Ҽ¥ֻڵ뽣ڵѡ׷׷ɲ١
ʮʱ˾¥ѡڵһ֮ʱ¥ȴϵѡ֡

¥ˣ

һʱ֮䣬¥ȿʼΣ
¥ѡ֮ĳĳ¥¥ĳҼ׷ꡣ

ַħ¥ѡ˵һɣ¥ֻΪͷΪʿ֡
ǣ龳µʿ̲סԸпԼΪߣûħ¥ķۡ

¥һڻɽսֲԣѾȥһº¥ѡһֻԪӤΪʿˡ
Ϣ˳ʱԭΪԼӹһٵĵͽʿֱý

ʱʱ˲ŷԼǱ¥Ϸˣһ¡
ΪΡλΡΣֻҪ¥ѡеˣԲܻѳȥ
ħ¥磬ţϷˣת

ǺεΪ¥綼а취ˣ
ĳ˵ڶߴ¥ֶУ֮ϾԾϸƿ
¥ʵ֮еĻҪ

һħͷ
˽Ŀ䵽˽ϡ

ħ¥罫Ŀڽں͵֮ʱϲһˡ
ڴŽܹ֮һλħͷȥˣȴҲһˡ

ĺҡ⿴˸һ崫ѶĨѶ⻪ʧԼģ˳˼֮С

¥ĵƿѾ˼¡
ڴĦģҲȥġ

ڻɽǳþ֮У¥֮ǰҪȥ
Ҫ䣬Ѿǵһˡ

¥粢Ҫǽɽս˵뷨˼ǸѾ˵䡣
뽫һˮ

ĺҡ⻺£ġ
Ųȥϳɵϳɵѣ˵֮£㽫Ҫ֣
ϳӦš

˽Ŀڽϣǲ֪֮гҶ˭ܹԸ¥硣
֮£ڻϳĿľۼ㡣

һλĵ氡ѵ޷¥ħͷ
Ǿʵ뷨

¥ڴĦģȻҲܹµе뷨

ĺҡƽϳɵѣ֪һ¥罻֣ڵ᳹׵ױ¶¥С

Ҫ䣬˭ԼƷħΪϤħ¥磬ˡ
˻յ֪ڴѾõĵϳɲǻֻ꣬ǡܱ˲ٿصһ߿ܶѡ

ĺҡ벻¥ʲôɲ¶ܡ
¥Ҳ֪ϳԼϵ֮ˣ

ϳɳ֪

ĺҡ״˳Ĭ֮С

֮ϳٴοʵ˵ǰҲͬ飬𣿡
ĺҡΪ̶һ仰

Щ˶ݷ˵Ҫģһȥľǻţ塣






185.  һٰʮ   Ҫƶܰѡ


ѵ, ֮½һ

ϳɻɻȥ
ĺҡĬã֪ˡ

⣬ϳֲųʵһյĽˣ
ĺҡ, Ӵռȡ, п¼͸һʵ⡣

ϳɽӹ濴, ͬĺҡĸĽ
ˣǰѹ

ҹɫͻ, ɽս
ҹĻ֮, »֡

ĺҡ⽫Ľ֮Ľ¼֮, 
֮ʱ, ϳɳҡѿɻǵõ¶ϵǳһָĻþ󷨣

ĺҡ⿴ϳɣҼǵá
һ, һָ֮󣬱㽫󷨿¼ֻһֱδо󷨡սĶ, Ҳ覹˼󷨣뽫󷨽ҡ, о

֮ʱ, ҡһͬо, ɺãϳɿʵ

ĺҡ, һ˲
Ǵ¶֮, עϳ, ðκ, ŵͷӦá
ϳɼĺҡӦ£㽫һȡݽĺҡ⡣

ʱҹɫ, ϳɹֵҡѣˣҾȻȥˡ

á
ĺҡӦеĿϳԶȥ
һϮ۷ҹɫ֮а㡣

ڸԶĻɽսеƻڴ
ڶת˲
˵Ŀⶼۼһգۼ˵һλĵϡ
Ŀ⣬עϳɡ

¥ս֮ʱʿǵʿǣЩʿĿ֮ϳɵϡ
ϳɣĳʵôã;𣿡

ϳɹڣϳɡ
֮ƽ֮ΪԼΪԼ
һʧϹʱڣض֡

Ⱥ֮Уʿϳһ񣬽¶Щ֮ɫ
ôܶԴһħͷ˿

ΨеڵĽƴ뽣Ҷϳһ˲
ǶǳϹʱĩ֮ˣʱֵս䡣
Ž̵ŵ֮ʱȴѭϹʱĸڡ

ѧҲʶϳǰ֮

ʵԣ¥ʵȷԳΪϳֵӶԴĶ֡

¥粻һɨϳеƽ֮Ŀƽɫδ䡣
ֻһ̤֮󣬻֣֮̽֡

һͨڡз·ĳ¥֮ȡ
ҫ֮£Ĺ

ǡ
˾ȳ


һɽս֮н֮׷
֮ڱĽ˵ӵѹ֮

¥Ϊӵеı
Ҳʺ¥һ

˼ͬһʱ뵽һ㣬¥ħȻҲδһ

¥Լı¥硣
áϳӦ

ǽ޶ڶֵء

¥翴ϳɣڵ򲻹ҵġ
֪ϳɵ

ʱѾˡ
¥粢δ˵ԼʲôֻǽĿһɨЩ״̬ôġ

Ź¥еĳӶ֮лһս̨ս̨֮С

Уս̨ζһֶΡ
ʵУڵͽʿԣս̨ζŵ㵽ֹ
ɶڲֵĴʿԣս̨ȴζһս
һһ
֡

¥ս̨һ˲ƴͱˣ̲סϳС桭
ʱϳѾս̨֮С

ɽսš

ڻɽսԵפУĽѩԼס߳ңңս
˽ǵĴڡ

¥硣
öӵĴڣȻûнǽǻٵ
һ

öѡȴû뵽һöӾȻҲ
ĽѩսŰħ̲סڵסȥ

Ľѩվ⣬ʦ֣ϢһЩҪ㡣
Ĵš

ĽѩʱԺһӰĴڡ
ԭ΢ţѯʵʦп𣿡

Ļȥ͵ǽڵһλѡ

ĺҡվԺǰĵѣұȥˡ

Ľѩĺҡ⣬ں㡣
ĳɵĽʦã㡭

Ľѩ׷˹ȥҸղ˵λǽڵˣһЩҪѯʡ
ĺҡͣ½Ųת㲻Ľѩ⡣

Ľѩԣ˲ģʦ֡нڵԶʦ֣˵ҽĽѩ⡣
ҲĽѩĻҸýʲôأ

ĺҡⶢǰĽѩ⣬δ
ԼĽѩĵһۣ㿴ǰ֮˲Ľѩ⡣
һĽѩӵߡ



ѩ֮ΪĽѩˡ
񣬡Ľѩ⡱ֻ˹ѩҲ⡰Ľѩ⡱˹
ֻǣѩĻϲˡĽѩ⡱ǱĽѩ

ʱ߹ĺҡĽѩʧ֮£ŻȻԭΪʧ𣿡

Ľѩʵλʦ㣬˵ҴǰҲǽڵĵӣʦ֪֪ڽЩѣ

ĺҡǲ̫졣
ĽѩƺûϵĺҡⷬشƵģ˺һżʵʦ֪𣿡

Ҽǵҵ°ܽ
ĺҡ⿴Ľѩ⣬û飬ұȥˡ

Ľѩԣĺҡ⣬Ӧλʦˡ
ĿĺҡȥָԼ֮ﴫ΢

ĵĽʦк£
;ľ֮£δϻɽսԼ޷ȶս¡

Ľѩջָ⣬ĵ˵ʦֽϴһЩ⣬ҲЩҪʦ֡
ǽȥ˵

ĵͷӦá

ʦ֣ղλڵʦ˭˵°ܽ𣿡Ľѩʵ

ĳһ˲Ҳ֪Ľʦ֮ڽ֮¡
Ľѩʣλʦʦʲô

ĺѯһЩ顭
ĽѩĵĻʵλʦҲĽ𣿡

ĺǱĽĺ㲢ͬһϣĺҡ⡣Ĵ
λħҪҵĺҡ𣿡ĽѩɵǲҪ¸߸ǳϰ

ĲΪʲô
Ľѩħλĺʦ𣿡

Ľ͵ħֻϷˣǶѣĺʲôϵĺѳ֣ħԶĳ֣Ǽȶʵˡ

ҾûӦý¸֪ǴϲŶԡ
Ľѩ⿴ģʵʦ֣˵е𣿡

ĿĽѩ⣬˺ðΣӦ˵û
Ľѩȴϳսʦ־ȥ˵ɡ

ĻǰĺҡԣעĽѩ⡣
ѣĵĲͨ⣬ͼƿ㡣

ĿڵãȽƴϻ֮ұ㽫¸ߴϡ
ʶԼ֮ϣﱻ֣ȥ޷ͻص

ѣҪƶܰѴ˾֡

Ľѩ޲ԶҲ֪ϳСһս᲻䣬Ҫˡ
ǿɾˡ






186.  һٰʮ   ұǰס


ɽ, 
һºС

ɽ֮޷ϵ׳
ȱʯԴȻʯԴ

еˣǴͬһʵ, ݡ
֪˵ݡ
, ֮ʿǰ𾴵ĳϡĳĳ

᰽ҹ֮ʱ, һϮ¡
뿪һգ㽫ԼһϮ»

֮ǰ, Ǹʿᰵƴ춯, ڴ˴档
֮, ˭Ҳ֪˭, ǸʿЩˣȴΪʿ֪ġ

ƹһת, Ƶָ£¥֮С
ǿƽֵŮֵŮһ֮С

̤ͬһʱ, ˵ĿͶ˹ӥ۰
̽ѰᰵʵԸ

Ѿαװ, ˿ӭ˵Ŀ, Цһ, ֱһλǰ, ƽ¡
, һλź֮, Ρ
˼Լλ, ѵλ˵ģԸ񲻺ãҡ

б, ĵʵλѵ˭ȭͷ˭𣿡
ԣȴǲٳ

⻰žߡ
ֻſϷ

֮󣬿ʼŴеˡ
ܱλʿߣʵߣǻõ֣ڴ˴ֳʵԼʵʵԸҲԲԼԭԸ

һʱ֮䣬᰾Щ˵ݡ

ԼƬӺ󣬵ٴμž
룬ź۵ʿϢС

ԼλãѱŮڵʼɡ

ֵʱڶ˳ɵмδ
˵ǽղ

˻һڳ˽ǲ²⵽⼸޷ǰԭ
ս¡

˿ڻɽսϵĴʿ֮У˵ȱϯ⼸ˡ
˵ЩЦǣڻɽսϵĴʿ˽ڡڵ볤֮⣬ֻжΪļˡ

˿ڴ˴˵УΪǮƣΪΪȱϯ⼸˵Ун֮ˡǿɾЦˡ
һλǶλϣΪʲô

ĵ˼Žڴ˿ڻɽսϵĳϡ

˴γаƻڳ֮еλȱϯǼˣҪμӡ

ԣƽ̧˵ˡ
а
˭аء

ʵǹ;ж𣿡

ɵʱ򣬶䶯֡
ȷʱɵʱ򣿡

ǻصԼ֮ʱΪɵʱ˭Լ

ǻᡣ
˳֮ʱо˶̲ס˵

Ҳһ˲ʶ˻Ϊؼһ㣬ѹž˷ܣʵǻ뽣ڲ

з
ûҪڣȴʼ޷ͻƽڵķ
Ҫ뽣ڣ˴ӽڲΪǴһš

˵ǡ

˵һǡڿ϶ڳĲ²⡣
ȱϯǼ֮Ун֮ˡ

ܹսڷģ˽ھŷ֮⣬ˡ
Ҳ˵ǵһǽŷִߣ

ᴹ⣬ŴϷͶµ⻪˶ݵĳ˼
ھŷ֮˭ǶԽģ



¥Լı֮ʱĺҡڵʱפأȴɸܵһĲ

ĺҡ֪¥ˡ
¥Ѿ֪ڶս֮ϡ

ĺҡ뿪ʱפأ֮󣬲Ż⽣
ͬʱתʱĵʱפأԶ

ںʱĽѩϵģ
һ֮ǰĽѩ⡱ʧʱ
ö֪

ĺҡջĿ⣬תɽս

ս̨ϳɺ¥֮ս޷֪ս̨һ֮սľ
ĺҡֻͨԼϳɼ΢֪ս̨֮¡

ϳ¥һսӰյҹɫ٣ٵڶէ֮ʱеս̨Щ

սԵһյĺҡȴڴ˿̣³һѪ
΢˲̧ȥ

գ⿪Լϳ֮Լϵϳֹ֮֮ϳɡ

ڸղһ˲Լϳ֮ԼȻնϡ
ʧȥеĸӦ

ͬʱս̨ըѿѹ֮Уһδӿ׹
̧ȥڴĿת˲ţ

ϳС棡
ǵˣ

ȳǰĽƳ֣ͼϳСӹ
ָڴϳСһ½֮ʱȴϳС飬Ϊһ꣬ǰɢ

¥紽ǴһĨѪĨȥѵ֪Ϊϳɵ棬֮ǰ

˵˵̲סǰǴǰϳɵѵǼٵ𣿡

ħ֮Уһʬ徭طƣƳһ߿ɹٿصħһߴ˾ʬƳħǼƷħ죬˵

ΨһĲͬǣħٿصġ

¥Ŀɨ֮Уɽս֮⣬ɽʿڶ࣬ȻҪڳڵһʬħ֣֮

Ҷŭ¥磡
¥֣ٴĨȥԼǴѪ䴽Цʦ֣˵һġ

ǧǰҴӶĵһɱɽеĴʿ׷ģֻΪҷʱɱʮţǲ׷ҡ¥ƽû

գұٸһᡣ

Ӵ˿Ϊսÿһɱˡ
¥֮Уսˣ૵￪ʼأ

¥֮̽ȡսһϵĴȡ˹ʦ֣ұⷽڵĿĵؿʼ

䣬¥еĴѾȫ渴գת˲ʧڻɽս֮ϡ

ɽս֮Уδ˷Ӧ
ȡ˴̵пտգԾ̵Ķ

Ҷ״̽ʶͼ̵ͨ׷Ѱ¥ټȴ¥һ˲Ĩȥټ

Ҷ״ת˲ǰѯʵⷽõĴĿĵǺδ

ҶĻŷӦ˼֮䣬ɫѾòҰס
ɫ԰ף˵ĵҡǷõĿĵأҵš

ڣ
Ҽǵڵĵӣ
̲ס

¥ȥĵһţǶڡ

Ҷ˻شת˲˺գ̤֮С
ţڳ֮едʿ˺գ׷ȥ˶ڡ

սĸӣ˭ûж
̲סСϳɵǼƷħ˭ٿصأ

ֻǣȴ˻ش⡣

ɽսԵĺҡ⽩ţԼϿɵڶ֮󣬺ָֻܿдϵѪδĨȥ

ĺҡӴռ֮ȡ˵ϳɽǿ
õ֮δʶ̽еݡ

˿̣̽ʶȥûеС
ֻǣԭÿ¼֮еνȴȫȻ١

֮趨
ϳɿ¼ڴ˷֮еƽҡѣҵĵѾǰһͬ١ƷħƳɹΨ䱻ٵǰһ˲Żǰеļ䡣

ܱǸ֮⣬

Ǵ¶е󷨣һԸռĻþ󷨣ǽǰ֮ʱһٻص󷨡

лл㣬ұǰɢҿʢɽ硣

٣δħݻ١

ǰڵһֵ֮λħʱʬҲδ𻯡
Ĳź䲻𻯶ִ
δЩȥ˷˵ݻɽħ׻

ϳħǲѾȫˣ
شһ䡰ǵġ

ִʬڽ𻯡





187.  һٰʮ   Ҫýվһ


ĳ

¥ڻɽս֮˵֮Ժܿʹ˳ȥ
ĸ׷Σ

, ¥ڻɽս֮ѡڡ
ڻɽսĴʿ˺գפ֮ʱĿȴѪɺӵĳ

ǧǰĳ
ЩʿѾ, Ǳ, ء

Ҷδǧǰڶ׷¥ĳ, ʿȴͬһ
¥罫ȥһλڶĺδ

ţȴڻɽս֮ϵĵ, Ǳ
¥Ѿȥ
֪ټ

׷֮ʱ, ۼڲ״, Ŀ˲
, Ѹת׷֮׷ݴǰ֮¡

ֻ¥ɱ֮, ּ׹ڵϵһ̣ȥ

̡
ĳ֮УֻǱһͨΣ֮ʱ, ˴ȥĴ̡
֪䴫Ŀĵء

ҶѶʱġ
ӵѶ֮, ͣظ, , ֵλ, ֻ֮Ʋһµķλ, ޷嵽һһš

Ҷֻ֡
, Ӧá

, ʩչطƳһѸٵߡ



ɽս֮, Ծ˳ڴǰ֮޷԰Ρ
УԵڵΪã

Ϊʲôħͷ˵ϳСֻ˲ٿصһ߿ܣ
˭ڲٿϳС˾ʲô

Ա̲סȰ˵ôô棿ħͷĺﶼţ
˵˲ٿصĿܣϳɵǿܰ
һ¹䣬䣬ۣ

ħ¥뿪ɽսս֮ϵħ忪ʼѸٳ롣
뽣ڵ֯ʿ׷˹ȥ

ʱԽɽ߾ߣҪħ֮ʱ˲ͣħ֮УΣķǲóȻħ硣
ػɽսԾҹѲߣԷħ͵Ϯ

ʱգĴϢڶ̶֮ڣħ¥Ѿš
ȻЩ֮ڻɽս֮ϵĵȴҲ̲סˣ뿪˻ɽս

ʱĸʼפڻɽսĵӴɽս
ͬʱ붫ġ
ǵڣڽƴ֮£ʼŵŵӳ붫ġ

¥ڶģΪɱҲΪϷˣǡ
Ѿûͻ˾֮ϵʿ˿¥硣

ǶΣ뱱еʿҲʼΣ
¥ɱ˶ģһģ᲻򣬻Ǳ

ʱ򣬾ȻѾɽԷΪȫ
ħ硭Σķħ羹ȻҲΪһȫ֮ء

֪Ӻʱ𣬶Ļ̶̻һִԡ
ħ֮󣬾ȻôΪβɽеǳأ

ڵħˣǲǾֹħͷ
֮УСԹţһ˲㱻ǰӹһŵֹס

˵ʲô
Զս˹ʵ

˻һ٣ƼԶսһ˲æҡҡͷҲ֪˵ģҴģҶ˵
˵գæȺ

˶˵ڵħˣͿħ¥һս֮

ԶڶеȴʼҲЦԵԴͷ
֪ǴӺδ𣬾ĳһ֮ĺҡħȥԸħͷĴԱ޷𣬴˴С

౻ƵͶ·ʿԷΪԡ
һħܱɽҪõöɡ

Ƕ̶̰ʱ䣬޷𣬺ܿ촫ɽ硣
򣬿ʼʿפظĳǳ֮Уһޱʡǲǽڵˣĺҡôôأ

ɱĺҡ⡣
ʿԷ֯ͼȽڣýڽĺҡ⣬ħȥԸħ¥硣

Ҷԭ׷Ѱ¥ټʱĳһ̣ӵ̷ĴѶȻסˡ
ѵǧǰĳҪ

꣬¥ɱʮţ˷̨
Բ㣬Ͻڣʦлˡ
һ̨꣬϶΢һѪ

ʱֻһδ˵洫ӣҲǽһ֮

ƴϼҶͣ׷ѰĽŲʵҶΪͻȻͣ
Ҷ̧֣߬ȥ֮ˡ
ǴЩɻĿҲڵж

ΪǽɽһŵһһжӰԶ
˶ڵĶ

վԽߣҲͻˤԽݡ

£ֻ룬¥ǣűߣϷˣǣϷˣǡҶ͵ǸλΪ

˳ʵҽҲһЩԣ֪
Ҷԣ˵ˣĿƽ

Ҳ˵һЩԡ
ҶҾ˵ˣǽ̫Ϸںδ
˿ĿƽҶ˵仰̲֮סȻƿĿ⡣

¥統ǽ֮ˣǲҲǽ

ҶǴ˿׷¥˵УʮˣҶǽŽ״˵ʿǶ޷ֽ¥磬ҽ̫Ϸһ˳֣
ҡСѲΪѡ

ڳ֮Уһ̽Ŀʵĺҡ⵱ֻз龳磿
ôܹһ鷵龳ʿô֮һķأ

˵ĺҡóԽսԷ龳սˣҲδɡ
硭Ҷ㴫ѶĺҡҲöһ

ʵһ˵һ¡ڵڵӭս¥һգڻɽսϿĺҡ
֮ǡڵ涼վΪħ𻯣ΪɽһڵĽҲЩ˰ɡ

ڳ֮Уһһ㽫ɽеλƵߡ

Ҷƽŷ׷׳ˡ
ʱĳһ˲ѶֱҶƴС

˵Ѷֻ֮һ仰ڰɡ

ҶѶݣ߰ɣȥڡ

ѵ¥һҪȥĵطǵڣ
Ҷƴϣ˭ǴѶ

ҶֱȥֺɫҲЩ׷ʵļһ



פ⡣
ǰŵŵӳ붫ġ
ĵֻһյפء

ĺҡƽǰĵפأʵʦ֣˵ǶԵģǴģ
һԣĺҡ⣬۶Դֻġ

˶ԱȡϹʱڷʢ˥ǽڷʢ

ȴΪ¥֮£·
ڻɣɵڡ
޴Ǿˡ

һɳҡʦã紫ԡ

ĺҡӦҲЩԣֻ⽣ڡ

ΪСʦԴʢģᡢҲʢ˥

˶ڵţſڵЦſվԽߣˤԽݡ

Ҫýվһ޷ĸ߶ȣٸɽڡ






188.  һٰʮ   ԶȻỳ


, ɽս

ҹĻϡ
ҹĻɽսѾʿϢ˵, ĶʿϢ

ħ¥ڶɱ, еĵ¥罣£ԭפڻɽս֮ϸĵҲʼˡ

ʱ, ɽսϽʣ½ڵԾפڴˡ
ھ󲿷ֵҲճɽս

ڵʱפУҹƻͨ, ҹæµ, ֻѾ, õŵӳ붫, ֻ洫פڴˡ

ʱҹʱʱפеĵƻҲϨ, ڼž

ԶɽսԵ֮ʱսǰ
ħŰɽһͷͷӵĶ, ſڣͼɽеһдڡ

δӻɽսϳ, Զڴ֮, ˻ɽս
ħŰĻɽս, ˳˼֮С

֮, Զ̲סһ
, Ȼתķ, Լҵѹȥ

, Զתפȥ
פʱͣ½Ų, ת۵פأżȥ

Զ
һ𣬻סԶ
Զͣ½ŲתԴĽѩ⡣

ĽѩһϮ۰ȹá
һ˫΢ؿԶ

ԶֵĽʦá
Ľѩ⻺߹עԶʵʦôҹ·ǲŴǸ𣿡

Զԣʶ̧߽Ľѩ⡣
ĽѩǾ䡰ʦ֡һ˲

ĽѩԶӦٴκʦ֣
Զɵһʱ֮Ľʦһ䡮ʦ֡Щ㱣뵽˴ǰ㻹ڽڵӡ

ĽѩЦһֱҡĽʦáҲžӦúһʦ֡ġ
ԶӦŵڴ֮º󣬲Żصɽսġ

ĽѩЩ棬ʵһֱûнӵҪ𣿡
һδ븵ʦܵ˼棬֪Ρ

ʦ֣ڻɽսϵĵձҪˣҲҪˡĽѩƽЩɻ㡣
֪ʦڿпʱ䣿

ԶͷĽʦ뽲
Ľѩ۵ʱפأ͵ʦ֣ԶһЩȥ˵ӵϢ

ԶδԥӦá

뿪פأнԶ
ֱߵһǰĽѩͣ˽Ų˴뽣ڵʱפԶ

Զ״Ľʦʲô⣬뽲
Ľѩ΢΢̧Զڵʦ֣֮ǰһλĺʦ㣬Ҽƺ̬Ȳ̫ãǲʧ֮ǰ

ĺ
Զ΢üͷ£ܿ滺ʵĺҡ𣿡
ĽѩͷӦǵģ˵ǲ졣

Զ˼Ľѩٴγǲʲô𰡣
ĽʦӦò޳Թ
Զ˵ţӡУĺҡüĽѩ⡣

ڽ֮УĺҡӦĽѩ⣬һʣѩѡ
ڻɽҲĺҡһ֣ĽѩħɱֳԽĽѩ⻽ѡ

ĽѩעԶΪҾλĺʦЩ䵭
ĽʦĴɡ

Ľѩᴹ΢һӦԭ𣿡
Ľʦá
Զһ٣ĿȴȻĽѩ֮У΢˲ȴǺָܿ糣

ԶĿĽѩϣʵĽʦ֪֮ǰϳǰħ¥֮𣿡
ʮǰĽʦñ˵ϳǰ֮ʱΪǸоˣĽʦõڴˣио֮ʱ

ĽѩǰЩҲ˵£һҡ
ԶĽʦڸоɻã

ԶħʱδоκβʡĽѩ
ԶȴһȻ˲Ŀ⣬ĽѩСܿ㽫Ŀ˻

ǰĽѩһ֮Զħﶼܲõ񡭡
֮ħߣΪĽѩȴ

Զ̲ס˰벽
ֻǣ֮ʱ֮зһеĿ
ֻҪһκζӭı칥

ħ֮ǰӻɽˣɽսϾӳ֮ȴڽҹȻǱڴˣٶȹ붫ġ

ǿϢ
Ǵǰһֱħ¥ߵħͬʿ˾Ϊ

˿ڻɽս֮ϣȴһλߡ
ֻнڵڵȻڴפء
Уڵӽճɽս

ԶѸٽ˼ٶȿĽѩ⣬ѹԼеĻɣʵĽʦãһֱʧ䣬Ҵδʹ㻹ǵѩ𣿡

Ľѩʧûǰѩ֡

Զ֮󣬾עĽѩϵ顣
ͬʱĻȥ

ĺҡ˶ǰ˷

ѩ󣿡
Ľѩɵظ֣üͷ𣬵ѩ˭
ʦ֣ѩ˭

ĽѩⴹΪʲôҶӡȴ֮ʱյģЩʹһ㡣

ʦ֣ѩ˭ǲҴǰҪ˰Ľѩʵ

ҡ
ԶעĽѩ⣬á

գԶȥĽѩ⻬ղĶ󣬲ſڵĽʦἰĺҡ⣬֮ȥһɡ

ΨһܹС
ʼ޷Ҳֱ治ǰ˾˭ˡ
˿̣Ψһ뵽ˣֻĺҡ⡣
ô֮Уֻĺҡֱܷ˾˭

áĽѩӦҾȻȥˡ
ţȻȥɡ
ԶĿĽѩȥԼȴδйκζҲκζ

һѶ޷
˱ǿѹţ޷뿪֡

֮е¾ǸС뿪ȷȫûǸС͸¶֡
ҹ˾ħ»ǻԳڡ

ȳ֣վ֮ĽһнκεĶ


Զյı΢΢δ̫Ķ㱻ӿħס

ת˲һȴĵɴۣ¶˲侪ֵ顣
ǰ޾Աֺ˵δԼ¹

һʿԱʱɽսת˲Ϊҽ
һֻ֮һʿԱأ

ȥ裬ȴȱˡ

Ա춯쳹ɽս֮ʱĽѩ⻹δ̫Զ
ǰк󱳣˲ˤڵϣ͵³һѪ

һžС·Զӳ黪
һԱڻɽս֮Сʱ˲侪ѣѸٽ䱸

ɳɳ֮У˵ĽŲ
Ľѩû£㲻Ҫ
ֳ壬Ѿ䡣

Ųͣ
һҪ塣
Ȼȥˡ

Ľѩ⻺վѪν۰ȹ֮ϡ
֣ԼǴѪ
ΪԶ߳Զ֮ٳ֡

ɽսһ춯õƻͨҹһ֮ҹ

ĽѩЩӶ⣬ƽ
ԭΪԶЩ֮һ׼öϵӡ
ȴû뵽öѾϵڽҹױˡ

ԶҲһ
ãѾԻ١

Ľѩ߻صʱפ֮ʱһƬھħٶ
ƼɫΪ԰׵Ľѩ⣬æʵĽʦãôˣΪɫ˲԰ף

ƼĽѩȹմȾѪĽʦãˣ
Ľѩ̧עˣλʦ֣ǳը֮ʱҾڲԶЩˡ

ԶٵƬ̣ڻˣ
ԶȻỳ






189.  һٰʮ   ˡĽѩ⡱ǱĽѩ


ɽս֮, ڹȥһפصʿ˵ֻʣ½ں͵ڵפڴˣȷٵЩ
ħڽҹٶ, ǴȻǱ, ڵΧٽлɱ, ȴûϵһ޵Ա׻һΧɱļƻ

ڵӱ֮ʱ, һȷӦ, æ, , ӴҪţѸٵ, ʱѧʼӽз

ĺҡ֮ͬ£һ彫󸴿֮, ַפڻɽս֮еĽڵӣôҶʼѧϰ

һ޿ͬʿ·, ͨͬӽ, Խս߽ʿ

ڸһ֮֯, ĽڵӿʼѰԼƽϰĵӡ

һ, עһͬŵ, û˭ʧ˵ģ

һʾԱ, ֻʿΪ
ڻɽս֮ϵʿ, ֻʣ½ڵӡ
ǽڵӣǱǵڵӡ

ƬӺ˳ûУʦ, Ƕڡ
һԣ̲סһӦǱá

ͬʱʱפϣѸٵǷʧĵӡ
ʦ֣ҶפУûһʧ١
á
ӦõڵѸٵת׼

ڵڵӼͬһʱ˻ɽս֮С
ħŰҹĻ֮£ħ

ħ߳ɫЩѿ
Ϊ޵Ա٣һŨħ
Ͳһܹһޱض޷Ա
ִݻޣϢȥ

ħӻɽսϳˣ˱ħ֮С
ħ߾ۼħֶ𽥿յĻɽսڻ̲סﱸһƻ
ǣһжˡ

Ҫɱڻɽս֮ϵнޣ

һͬУʱһۣԥļ֡
ڸеĳ𣬽Ȼħ֮У˺ѿһ»շڻɽս

֪ҪһΣͱҪȽеͷߡħ
һλΪʿȼħ

ֻҪȽħħｫɢӡ

һȳָѹڱ֮ϣɨֱħȥ

ħһɨĽмɢħת˲ȥųֵĸһħۼ֮ʱȥ
Ҫҽ޳һ޳֡

ħһƻӳͬʱ֪㣬Ǹһĵܵܡ

һӦֻ䶢ħгӭһơ
ͬʱ࣬ӹһ⣬ΪһֵסһƵͬʱˡ

ѹϮ֡
ڲͬеĽڴ˿̲Уڽ֮£ԸһΪת˲ӳ

ħΪ֮һ
һǿƵġͻһƣʱѹ£ħ峹ɢ

Ҳһɲǣһһۣٶȳǽ߾ȫһ
Ҫħ޷֮䣡


ʱ򣬴Ľгӿһ޿ɺ̬Ȼ¡

ħδɹһ޷ɢ
Űġħһƽ

ǡ
ħһĻδ˵ڣϮ峹ɢһħڽɨ֮£ټ

һҽиһиһĵܵܡ
˵ⷬɫһף̲סһȳһѪ

ڸһԵˡ
һȻԸһʶΪɸһֻǻΪ뻯񾳽绹ࡣ

Ƕ֮սħǿ
ǳԱħˣнԸյĻɽսΣӣ

ɽս֮ϣڵڵӷ׷׳֣Եħ
һҹв֪նɱ˶ħ

ʱħɱħûͷߣˮһɢȥ
һĽڵڵǳ֣ħﳹ׻١

ͻƣ£շɽս
ѪϢ֮£·ɢ˰㡣

ߵĵӰڵϣҲȥǲǻŪˡ

һϢս֮ҵģѯʵѣҹһʾǡ

ԣȴǳһ˲͵һʾǽ𣿵ڲδеʧ١

һԣ˲ҽҹҲûеʧ١
δ䣬Եת˳ȥ

壡
һת׷˹ȥ

ҹݻٵƬ֮ʱƬ̣߽ʶ̽ɨѰ֮еÿһ硣

һĵ֮ʱ۴ǱһԱݻٵĲ֡
ѿÿһڴֵѷ춼ҹ˵صĳ

ʶɨѰÿһ档
ʱĳһ˲Լı֮Уӳһ⡣

ֻڰ֮ȴδаɱ
ܹԽ⡣

վԭ˺ܾúܾãŵȵĳһѷЩ΢ĻӦ
һתȥȴֻһֻʣ°ƳȵĲнѷ˳

建߹ȥ
ǿнƬǰվãƽԶĽ

ȥǿнƬС

һ壬塭
û¡Ӧǻȥɡ

ԶıƣܹԶǰһճƽ͵ǽ´Ѷ֪нƬͻؽڡ

ãŵڻὫϢ֪ҵġ



ҶõѶʱڵڴ֮ϡ
Ҳ븵һͬеĺҡ⡣
̽ԵѯĺҡΪ

ԶӶҶ֮С
ҶĹѶ˶ݵĳĬ

ƴϼ״ѯʵҶǺ˴Ѷ
ǸһѶ

Ҽԣ˵ʲôˣ
ҶӦҹħͻϮɽսħħﱻɱ

פڻɽս֮ϵĵأƴüͷʵ
ڸˣ֮⣬һ

˭
ҶԶ

ҶԶıȡ˳طԶһ֮ĳ

뿪ңٵɽսжδκ֮
Զɽս֮飬Ҳһһڵڴϡ

Զ·פء
Զ߹֣ͣ
Զħ
ԶѡԱ֪ͨڻɽսϵʿ

΢΢ҡҷŹ⻪
ʱ˿ݳ˻Ҷڰ

ĺҡ⾲űĳһ嫶貵Ѷ

˿ʼȥ׼֮ʱĺҡųɷյƽҿ

ҶԣеıƵݸĺҡ⡣
ĺҡӹԶıƺָӿֳһĨտ
طٴƻݹ

֮ϣֻʣĺҡ⡢Ҷ븵һˡ
ݳϣֱԶ·֮ʱʼ˲һĻ档

ԶĽѩ⽻̸
ԶĽѩǰ
ԶȥĽѩƶڶ
ԶĿĽѩȥԱΪ

ĺҡⶢŻ֮еĽѩ⣬Ĭ
Ļ涼һģĺҡⶢĽѩ˵ʱĴϳԶʱĽѩ֮ĶԻ

ԶĽѩ⣬ûиеκεĲʡ
ԶĽѩ⣬֪֪ѩ֡
ԶĽѩѩˡ

Զԥ֮󣬾ѡ
ȷĽѩ⾿ǲĽѩ⡣

£ΣԶֻѡԱ

ԶԥģںʱԱ
Ľѩ⣬ߡ
Ľѩ⡱Ľѩأ
޷ȥŹһռĽѩߡ

һǰԶһʱҵڻɽġĽѩ⡱
ʱǺԥ϶Ľѩ⡱Ľѩ⡣

Զ֮Ĳ̹
ֱҹԱǰڿ˴ˡĽѩ⡱ǱĽѩ⡣

գڡĽѩ⡱δԶ֮ʱԶѡʱԱ
Զ֪ѹ֮£Ľѩ⡱ˡ

ЦǣԶ֮ǰ뵽ΨһλĺʦãſһУֹһС

ԣǸĽѩ⡱ѩ˭

ѩ˭
ѩĽѩ֮ˣĽѩһҲܻǵˡ
ֻҪĽѩ⣬Զѩ
ֻСĽѩ⡱˵ǵˡ

˲䣬ĺҡ³Զ뷨
طǵΪ֤˪֮޹أСʦط

˿̣ĺҡеıҡҷ΢⡣

ҡСѣһΡ
Ҷüͷɵ

ĺҡӦ͵ʦһЩ顣






190.  һپʮ   Ҫô¥ǰ


Ҷ, ʵĽѩ𣿡
ĺҡĬãŵС
δ˵ǣֻĽѩ, кܶ, ĽѩӰ֮£Ҳʼ

ֻһյפ, ׷¥λ֮⣬ڴˡ
, ĳǳҲѾ

˶֪¥羿Ҫʲô, Ҳ֪һĵӻҪá

ҹɽս֮еϢʱ, ˷ŭ𾪡
˷ŭħ岻, Ѿ˱ħ磬ȴ˷֮ʱ, ǱڻɽսϣȻ͵Ϯ
ڸ֮󣬻ɽսֻʣ½ڵפص, ܹס

¥һڣѾȥա
Ҷʧȥ¥ټ, ¥ƺҲ

ʱ, ڶ֮м¥Ӱ
Ҳ˳ԼڻɽԶԶ¥硣
һʱ֮, ΪЩ֪١ݵٶȽ

Ҳͬһ, ˵ԼƼĺҡڵڸ
ͬ, , ƣ, ĺҡ⣬ڵڵ¥ǰ

˶ڵȴ¥ĻӦ
ҹפϷ, һտ

ڴ֮Уĺҡջ⽣Ϣƽ

˼ĺҡɾʹӷڿԽһС磬ڣﾪ̲֮࣬ס¡

ǻϤϸĺҡ԰뽣ڿʼ̤УܹҲʮһѡ

ʮһʱ䣬ĺҡΪڣ̤˾磬һ֮ң
ٶȣӵе
ǣ츳

Űĵħ¥磬ǧǰҲǽڵ洫ӣҲһǵĽޡ
¥ħ̤֮֮ϵ

¥ǣĺҡǡ
˭Ҳ֪¥磬᲻Ժĺҡأ

ǲܳΪɽĵˡ

ڵڴ֮ϹֵϲҡСѣΪٽһʱգضΪһߡ
ҲЦŸпʱЩϼһɾͱȲ˰

ĺҡԣˣֵֻǰˡ

ڵڸҲ֪¥᲻ӦԼƴϿҹɫĵ
ġĺҡ

¥һġ
һʼ֪¥ĿĵҲǵڡ



λڶģռ˶õĵơ
ɽƣӱ
˴֮ء

ҹɫէֵ˺ѣعת˲أڵڸڶĽӵӳԡ

¥絽֮ʱѪɢŨֿ
֮þ޷ɢ

¥һϮīҫ֮£Ĺ⡣
Ѿ˷󣬵¥̤ڵһ˲赲פ֮⡣
ֻһʽУ˵ڵķ

ڷ󱻻٣ܵӰǵ
ʱڴ֮У󱻺⵽ɣȻ³һѪ

ĨȥԼǴѪ¥Ȼˡ

¥ųʰ׶ϣͥŲ㡣
Ӱڵڹ㳡֮ϣ˶ʱ

¥绺Ŀϣһһӹֲŵˡ
Ҷʦ֣Ƕа缸ǧǰЩˣսץסˡ

ǡͷβϷˣΪ

¥ڳЦǡ
ǵȷΪĺҡĳ֣¥绹ȥʱĳΪ˼

¥˵գֲŽĿվڲԶһϮµĺҡϣɫƽּˣҵĺҡ⡣

ĺҡⲢδ¥仰аַŭ¶
ֻᴹ¥յĳ

¥ûɵġʺ¥ı
ʹ˵Ѫ

ˡ
¥ħҲӦħմȾħ
ĺҡڼǧǰʱ򣬼¥һ
ǧǰʲôģȴҲʲôģֵħ

ζ¥ڼѵ֮ħġ

ͬһ
һϵͳҪ֮£ħһּѵ£Ըħġ
ĽһδմȾħڱѩԭ

ǱǻûһĽѩҵȡΪ߱ħ
գ߱ħĽѩ˻ͽ

ĺҡƽĽ

¥ĵʵҵĽôˣ
гƽָ̧ḲϵѪһһ㱻þˡ

ĺҡһԣڳ˶¥ִ֮뿴ĺҡ⡣
ڳ֮Уĺҡ֪֮⣬ҲֻиһһصĽ뽣ԼЩ쳣Υ֮

ĺҡ֮ǰϳɵѵһս㲢ȫȻˡ
Σ

ĺҡ֮һ˾ӡ
Ҹеȵģ¥羹Ȼˡ
¥һսˣΪλкյӣ

ɴĳ˵˵¥磬Ƕ޷ֺɱ

Ȼ¥㿴ĺҡ⣬Ц£ƽ㿴ˣû취һȺ

¥磡㡭
̲סǳ

ƽҶǸ߸ϣź󱲷λϵĴڣô¥˳˵ǶһȺ

һ֣ҲҵĶ֡
¥Ŀɨг
һ֮£㳡ת˲ѿ

ȾѪ
ת˲¥ɱһˡ
δüӦ֮ʱ¥ֻһУɱһˡ

ħͷӣ
ѪվʿһѪ
ǵϮ֮ת˲ɡ

ƴϼ״һӡ
ӿ֮кȻ£ǰе󷨼

һԴϹʱĲ󷨣ɽƵоټϳС̣յ޸
󷨣γһ

󣬲ֻס¥磬Ҳסˡ

ģ¥ϡ
ֻн¥磬˲ܳȥ
¥ˣԪս֮ʱ

¥紹ȥֻһۣЦ󷨵ǲ
ɱ֮ģԼҪˡ

˵⻰֮ʱ¥ǿĺҡġ
ĺҡֻƽض¥еĳԼɨԹ㳡֮ϻֶľ

ƴͿ󷨣ֻ¥һ֣Ϊġ
Ĳƣγ

֮еֻȫȫ֣һͬԸ¥硣
Ҫô¥ǰҪô¥
һֻ֣֡

¥ѾԼı
ͬʱ֮еʿԼͬĳ֣¥Χȥ

ĺҡûг֣⽣δ
˲δỹûеΪֻ֮УֻΪҪ¥ǰһնѡ

¥ڶս֮֮ԽΪΪ¥ڵڵϢ֮ĸԸ˸

¥Ͳһˡ






191.  һپʮһ   ȴΪ


¥Ͳһˡ
ʼ, ֪

¥֮δ׹ħ
һʶѵ״̬֮£ѡħġ
һħ, ʮǰħ

ɿ, ¥¾Ϊʲô

֮У˶ڶ, Ϊħ֡
Ǽʱ䣬Ѿͬ¥罻С
¥ǲ, ǿʵġ

޵ʵԶ֮ͬ, ¥һλӵǵĽ, һΪ֮ϵħޡ
𵴿


һ֮, ΪԵ֮˱һУɨڵء
¥ɨȥ, 

㣡
˱¥ͷһݼ¶Щŭ֮⡣
ɫױü䣬ջѡЭ, Ӵռȡ˵ҩ¥˽֮ʱ, ӽˡ

ҶٶȻӳ, ֱָ¥, ÿһγֶȫһ
¥״, ǷȥֿϮĹ, ֱ, гӭһ

ײ, ڴ˼ײѹ

Ҷ֮ʱΪ֮һзĽд, ⣬£¥¥޴ӡ
ÿһ磬ҶĽ⡣

¥ִԾУʦ֣ȥǧˣĽɻûκα仯
ʦ˵Ľʺɱˡ

Ҷ¥ʦ֣üĿ΢ôʦ˼ң

Ϊ¥硭

¥翴Цʦ֣ǲ˵Ϊңʦ˼ҲŻģ
ֻʦĽ̵Ҷ

ԣƷϮ¥Ҷʱķᣬ¥硣
¥˹ػӽһ顣

¥罣֮£ת˲˵˺ơ
ѪԱѿ

ӳһ¥δʩᣬֻǿҶͷӦǰʦҵĽ̻塣

ڽ̨ϱδаԹԡ֮ʮелȻ

¥磬Ȼд˾򣬾͸½
Զ˵Ļδ˵꣬¥Ѿ֣ħݺȥȡգ֮䡣

¥лȻ
ΪλҵﻹӦɱе
ӳ޾ħڳΪħһ֮ء
գ޹⡣

ʦ֣ǧ򲻸ãýҵʦϡǱϽڣʦл˵ʱʲôʲô

ԣֻ˹

ҶעŲԶ¥硣
գ¥뽣֮ʱͣȴѾΪһθߴȴֶʿѪħͷ

Ҷ£Щʲô𣿡
ûʲô𰡡¥ЦҲǸЩѧ𣿡

дЩˣǣ޹Ҳ˵

¥˿֮ԣ̲סǳ¥磬뷨Ǵģ
䣬Ļ֮Ȼһף¥ͷ


¥ӳһǵס

˭˵һǴģ
¥ţĿǳϡ

˰벽ӭ¥Ŀ⡣
ŵڶٶܵһ㣬Ӧңⶼڸҡ

¥ԣ䣬ͷ˵òǻǴġ
㡭
ϲһ㡱ֻû˵꣬㱻͸š
ʶɢ֮ǰ¥ĵֻǿϧˣ㿴ǴһĻˡ

ҡʲôЦɿĶ

ɱҵģֻԼ
ײ˺ħڱΣȻ䡣

ĺҡ̧ȥһǴһ췣׽ֱ¥ȥ

ħ֮ħ޲ɽס
ڵڣȴܹһ췣Ϊħ
ڲǳ˶ţؼĹġ

һ췣¥ԣ٣ڱ֮е˶ԣȴͬһ㡣

¥ִ췣֮£Ծĳ֣ʼ֮еˡ

Ҷվ֮Угȴ¥һ΢΢
¥ʣǧǰ˱ʦл˵ʱʲô

Ϊ
Ϊ
ûֵܹù޶˵ָ

꣬Щǣ޹¥ǣ޹
ʱ˽᣿

¥磬㡭
˵һҶת˲ѡ
гٶ̧𣬷ӳӽǰ档

κʱ򣬽޶ǳǰġ

¥עǰסȥ·֮ˣƽʦ֣㻹ǵ
ҶҲǽҽտɲص
Ļᱻ¥˵

ǽ󣬻ǧǧĽڵӡУҲ˶֮ˡ
κʱ򣬵֮ʱǰ

¥ԣЦһ
ͷٶϮһף֮ƴ󣬷Ѱ췣ɱȡ


һնӹ¥࣬δ˰벽ȴǶݷ

һ֣Ҷ֮˴˵غվҶԡ

¥תĿ⣬һҼǵ㡣ǰڻɽ֮ʱ㡣

һδӵйǣƾԼڽľ츳ȴֵܹǧǰ¥ĳɾ͡
ĸһȵųɾʹ֮λ¥绹ҪһЩ

һǽĴߡ
Сͣɾʹ֮λ

֮ǰһ˽ױ𣿡
¥Ӧǽȥұ㲻ɱ㡣

һδӦԾԳס¥ȥ·

ããá
¥˵áֲŵܺá
֮ʱĻ֮ٶһףڳѸ𣬾þδ

췣һףҲݵһףƱҪ¥糹٣Ҳ޷Ϊֹ

¡


뽣ͬһʱڳ֣һ̧

¥˵ɱҵģֻԼ

貣ƬĻ˺ѣħӳ֮£ת˲䡪
ȴڴʱտĹ⻪ͣ

Хķʧˡ
¡ʧˡ
Ľʧˡ

ĺҡڳ֣һͣһ˲
ڵϷգ֮䡣
ŰħҲ֮ˡ

ĺҡ⿴¥磬𣿡
¥ȻͣµһδشĺҡĻֻһǴѪ

ǰʱͣڴʱ¥ȴδеʲôɻ
֮ʵʲô

ڵΪΪ

ΪҪڣҲΪԼʲô¥
ĺҡⲢδͬ¥粵ЩʲôҲһʲôñ粵ġ

¥ĺҡ⣬ȴͻȻʵôˣ
ûʲôʵġĺҡ

¥ԣЦҿΪ㣬ŸԸڸġ

ȴΪҡ

ڣֻΪڶѡĺҡӦĹΪɽһ޴󷨡

ɱһС
ɽ۸ֻأƿ˵ˣΪkܲٿصĿܡ

ĺҡ⿪ڵģڵڡ






192.  һپʮ   ɱģֻԡ


֮, Ϲʱ㳤ڴˡ
㽫ڵפ·Ѱ޷ͻɱΣȻ뵽һ㡣

˻ỳɵڡ
ֻ֮ʼմڵı

ĺҡⴹȵĵפ, 㻨˼ǧʱ, ϶ڱǴ𣿡

ǡ¥
ĺҡԣת¥硣

ҵġ
¥˵, ȴ͡
ĺҡ⽣δ̤Ϊ˵, ޷ٵġ

ĺҡе⽣¥ⷬ, տ⻪, ·ڲ¥֮ԡ
֪ĺҡӦ, ֻһһٴ˵, ͬ췣һͬ¡

һٴ˵ء
¥ظĺҡ仰֮, Ц
Ȼͣһĸп, ð

ĺҡ⽣, ע¥Ц, 㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡

췣, , ıٵһ˲, ¥罫޴ӡ
׽, 䱳ڲٿء
ŭضҪ¥

ϳǰһոңǱܹĴڡ
¥ǻһϳǰ, ˵˵öԲԣ

ĺҡ֪¥˻֮⣬ƽֻǡʱѡ

¥ʱϹʱŹȥǧʱ䣬ɽٷϾˣ޾ž޵ʿһֻ֣ͬһˡ
δһеĻƽʢʱȺҫʱֻһˡ

¥ûνĻ˿ɱΪ֮ʱҲû֮ͬһѹ
˵ãðΪʱྪž֮ˡ
ֻһ˶ѡ

ʱ
¥ԣȴЦ
ٳδ꣬Ǵʿɽ˿ɵ
˶˵ʼδǧ꣬ɽ罫ῪһеĻƽʢһԶϹʱҪʢʱ
ǣȴð

ھԼž֮У΢ĺ컺˹
ĺҡƽؿ¥ͷԶ췣

һʱ侲ֹѾ޷ټȥˡ
ĺҡ״Ѿսе⽣

⽣տĽ⣬ǱȽ׻ҪĹ⻪
ĺҡе⽣֮ʱԶ¥յһƺڻӦһ㣬

ͬĳʺ˵ıڴ˿̲Լ̧ͬ

ĺҡе⽣տӳ˲䣬Զڵ
һ˲ڤڤ֮УңԶδͬһһͬ
ڴʱ˵ػһ

̧֮ȴ㣬ԽգԾ֮Ϻݺ

ʱ侲ֹ˲Ӵͬʱ׺Ȼ䣬¥ˡ


¡

һ죬ڹ㳡˲ѣ

ڤڤ֮Уһġꡱ졣
Ҳһͬȥ

ֻǰ貽׺Ȼըѿ

ĺҡа㣬⽣ȥ
׺֮У¥һϮ֯۷Ĺ⻪
ִΪҵסĴݻҪϡ

ĺҡ૵ҽһ

ĵ¥ƺһĵૣЦ
Ϊ洫ӰеЦݣӵΪ֮ӵİš

¥ĺҡĵԼеĳָḲڽҿˡ

δһ
һ֤һδ档
á

ð
¥ţǴٶѪ
һһݻ塣

¥Լбģȴһ˲ὣ
Ѫ貵Ĺһͬ

ʶģ֮ʱ뵽Լ֮ѡ
ѡ
ᰲȻĻȥĳһħڣԴΪһֻ֪ɱ¾ħľɱ
ǣ˵ȡʶµħɱʮţʹ˱ħ磬Ϊɽ˳ӵħ

֮Уѡţɱˡ

ʹΪʲôһƮƮĻش𣺡Ƕħģ⡣
˭Ҳ⡣

ɱʮ֮󣬷ڽ̨ле޹
ⲻ͵ñš
ţȥ˱Ͻڣʦл˵Ϣ

ǱǷĴڡ
ɽдϢһգħħΪһħ

Ҫ췣֮£ͱ
ȴԲΪҪ

ɱģֻԼ



¥ˡ

һ췣֮£Ϊ˷档
Χ׷¥֮֮

¥Ϣȥʱ˶ڻ
ΪĵĴħͷ

˶Ϊ¥췣֮£үȥˣ¥ġ
ֻĺҡһ֪Ҳֻһһսп¥ԼĽ£ԼС

Ƕ˳ݣȴҲǶԣҲ֮¡

ɱ¥ģֻԼ

¥ϳһսһգ¥ʱǧһμԼı֮ʱĺҡ㿴¥Ѵ⡣
Ϲʱǰֻ֣һս
һ޵ڳ֡

ѻ٣ɽеʧֻҪ
ֻҪʧһоͻָ졣

ٴ˴κƽ٣Ԫڰ֮ڶ޷ָ
֮һңҲ⣬κƽУ
ĸ٣μڻɽս֮ϡ

ڣħͷҲбħֵΣ
ڶʿԣΨһһϲ¡

ͬʱдϢֻҪµʱ䣬Ҳعɽ硣

ƺŴħͷ¥ȥɽ羭һ٣ϢͽĴˡ

ԭפڻɽսĽڵҲʼ׼붫ģع齣ڡ
ڵ뿪ĵһգǸɫģ繡

ʦ֮ǰһ֣ĺʦ㣬ѩ˭
ĽѩվڶеĹ㳡ĺҡ
ɫ֮£԰׵Щ̬ˣɫҲ׵

ĺҡƽؿĽѩ⣬ѩǽڵӣ֮ӦûѩһЩϢ˽⣬ͬһȥڡ
ĽѩԣҡҡͷʦֶɽʧܣΪټϵڰٷϾˣһʱȥڰݷãɺã

ҡʦ㣡ҡʦ㣡ˡ
Զһֺĺҡ⡣

ĺҡԣֻ㡣£ұˡ

á
ĽѩӦĿĺҡȥߵһǰͬ˵Щ˿С

ʱĹ⻪ʧĽѩջĿ⡣
ʱĳһ˲̲סһǴԾѪ


ָĨȥ˴ǵѪ
תȥһתǴ΢⡣
ı٣ŪһĲС



Ĺ㳡ϸֶڵӴӶĵֻ˲Ƭӵʱ䡣

һ̤˱㻶
ڲٵʱһ꣬ٴλصЩġ

һ״ͬĺҡ֮󣬾ŵǹһգ̻š

һܵ룬ҲҪղŻţٻȥҲʲôġ
ĺҡڵķĿƽӦԡ

һԣʵҡʦ㣬Ҫȥǹһ
Ļû˵꣬ЩȴǸһ˳

һһɫ£̲סһһ㲻ǿֱӻؽ𣿸ﻹǣ

¡
һûȥḵһĳƢֻĺҡ⣬ͷҡʦá

ĺҡԣһʦܣǴţ໥Ӧţɺã
һĺҡ⣬ãʵҡʦ㣬ʲô𣿡

һҪ飬Ҫȥĺҡ
һĺҡ˵Ӧһչ˺ǵġ
ʦ˵ҪһֹɵʦܣŸ׵õϲ

ĺҡͬ򵥽Щ֮󣬱ͬһ뿪ǡ

ǣפأʿУҪϰյʱ䡣
˺գȴܹת˲֮䵽｣פǰ

ĺҡ븵һȴδ˺յ
Ȼڻؽڵ·ϣ׷ɱ

ɽаɱǵ˲
һδΪѾǽ̫ϷķһǽɽΪĴߡ
˾ž޵ˣܻٵõġ
Ͼ֮ӣۡ


һǰһˣתڲýѪĺҡ⡣
һϮع¸붯ˡ

ҡʦá
һ˳߹ȥ

ĺҡ̧ʦ֣ǱҲˣ
š
һӦֵЩӦѾȥ˽ڡ

ĺҡǻȥҪʱ䣬ǷǵĲáټһ·ϵ׷ɱǻصڣķɵʱ򡣡



ǻصڣķɵʱ˭뵽ԼڣΣķأ
֮߳һݵʿ˵һεļƻ

ö֮פ⣬ԵפõķҲδκ֮ɫ

˿ǰһϮ֮ˣɵڡ
δ£ǰĵڷֳЩǰɢ

ɡ
һ͵Խڴڽ˶С

δκαװнǲԼֳͬͬһ뷨
ھŷ֮УȻǵеĳһˡ

ڷһΣϢǱ뽣פڣȴһ˷֡
һǰϤľ£һ˲

˺谭̫Ϸ帽
ŸƵ̫ϷԼŨ˸пû뵽ڽʮ֮УȻ̫ϷԴá

ע⵽̫ϷŨȻҲע⵽վ̫ϷǰĴʿ

Ϊ˴򿪷˲δκαװһݵ߶δ
᰾ת̫ȴδκ⡣

ѩڽ֮˱ض̫

һĺҡѶд֮һ






193.  һپʮ   㲻Ƿ龳ޡ


ڡ·ԭ, ŮĽѩ⣬ѩ󣬽ǰڽ̫¡
ὫŮһԲķ֮, Ҳ˵̫һˡ

ƾһ, ĺҡƶϳھŷ֮дӦĻ˼п̫

᰼̫֮ʱ, Ѿ˳Ų³˵е˵ݡ
ѩ

֮УҲвھŷ֮һ̫Ӧһ¶еԾ
̫û뵽˾̾

̫δĻӦ, ֻתΪһϮ۵ѩ, ̫Ϸ, Ƕ޷, ֻ̫Ϸ

⡭
̫Ŀһɨˣƽŷ֮, ̫Ӳ֮ܶ⣬ӡ⡣
֣಻ȡ

̷ڱչ֮, Ƕ̫, Ϊһĺҡ˵İ֡

һȥ̷, һ̷, һֹԴ̫תʵ, ˭һȥ̷ģ

̷ڵҶ֮λѡ֮һ, ̫Լ򲻹̷, Ҫ, ̷

̫£˳һ˲վ, Ӧһȥ
̫ԣ˵ˡ
˴ߣǿ˵ݣֻ֪ޡ

̫ͷӦԣһͬȥ̷ȴ
ȫˣֻ¹ͬΪ󡣶ǶһͬĿѡ




ɨ֮У貹⻪Ϯ֮ת˲С

ĺҡɱһˡ
ǰ󶼴ߵʿδǰȥҿ˵ߣ̽µݡ

һ˽߹ĺҡƽŵˣǰҿЩɱֵʱĺҡֹ

ĺҡҿߣ֪Щ˵أһ·ͬɶ˻Щɱ֣ҪôΪǮƣҪôΪ֮ǰѾǴ˸֮ĵġ

֮ˣڽڣһħƻ

ѹɽеĸط˷Լߵġʱڼĳ̯ĳҼĳĳųϡ޹ʧ޹䡣

ĺҡתԶĽפأʦ֣ǽգǶ֪ԭȻô
ʱ䣬ǻؽڵ·ϣѾϲʮİɱ

ھž֮˵̼ޡ
ǵһ˵츳ǿԶѰ֮ʱǻ룺ԽǾž޵ˣԽۡ

һԣֻڿ쵽ˡȻص֮һͬȥ̫Ϸ塣
ĺҡҡҡͷʦ֣塣⣬һҲ׼֡
Ǹһһ̫Ϸ壬ضᾪ̫ϷЩˡ

ǡ
һһ٣̧ĺҡ⡣
ĺҡ⡣

գһʵһ˻̫Ϸ壬СΪϡ
áĺҡӦ

Ƭӣڽפⲻһּ䣬ٶ
˳׽˷ɱ֣صں󣬽פǰֵصӼĺҡ븵һˣæ

ʦ֣ǡֵصӳɳ
һƽ·ЩɱַˣѾǽˡ

ֵصԣҵǾͺãǾͺá
˵ţĿ˽˽פء

ڽԪ㳡ǰĺҡ븵һɽǰֿ
ĺҡת̫Ϸȥ
·ϴʱϴĵк˺ĺʦ㡱Ҳ˺šҡ

ĺʦ㣬ͬȥĵЩʦʦôûһеӳѯʵ
ĺҡУղŻء
ԭ

ϴرԶȥĺҡ
ƹһС̫Ϸǰ

ĺҡ̤̫Ϸɽһ˲Ȼӿȥ
ǾͻƵǰס

ĺҡΪǷڣ˽һ֮ң
ǾʹͻƣǴ˾硣
ڳɾʹ֮λǰһʿͬǵһѹء֮١

ʿɴ֮٣Ҫôһ֪֮أܵ˴ƻҪôԼڣǰΪ令಻ڶɽٹܵš

ĺҡΪ̫ϷܳѾõ֮ɽ˴ܵɻɹĺҡΪ
鵽ˣܵԽս

ɽУҲ˻ֱѯʡò֤̽ĺҡĵȷȷֻһλΪڷ֮Ľޡ
ĺҡԷ龳ΪԽս

ң֮ǰĵפУҲĺҡɷڿԽһС磬۷塣

ĺҡ⼴һ֮٣õ

Ϊĺҡڽնһ֮٣̫Ϸ֮󷨵ͬʱһ󷨡
Ҫڵۼ̫ϷУȷĺҡڴʱľɶס

¡
ѸپۼܵĺҡϢĸı䣬Ļ֮ƬƬĽơ
׹ڳĻУɫڰ֮£ۼīɫĽס
ɲѰ˵Ĵ˽׸Ϊֲ

֮Уۼĺҡ˽٣ȴǳɵԭǵĽǱѰʿĴ׽Ҫֲʮϵ𣿡

׵ƣȵ¥Ǵһյ췣ˡ



׽ڽ̫Ϸһ˲ڱչ֮е̷Ȼѹ
̽ʶһ֮£ʧɫ

ĺҡ˽δͬκ˵⣬ڶδκηʩ

˼˲䣬̷ض
̷߳һ̣֮дЩһϮ°ƹװ̫˺ˡ

̷̫̫Ϸڶɴ֮𣿡
̫ӦѾѶڸ̫Ϸһ̽

̷δ룬ͷá
һ˺գ̫Ϸ塣

̫һѼȻ̷ֱָ̽㡣
ͬʱ֪֮еһҲѾ


̫ͬʱ̷ѲЩԾ
ֻʱҪὣֵ

ʿ֮Ľ֣ʧȻֻһ˲Ҳһ

ڴʱ֮еһֳӰ㣡
̫΢һɣг̷֮


飡

һ˲̫Բ൱Ϯһ壬гһƫ
ҲһƷڵأ

̫³һѪȻס˳Ϯˡ
гٶһ̧ת˲̷ס
һΣʧȻˣ

̫סȴԾǶųֵˣǡ
õħ

̷Ҳں˻ʹħ֮£ѡ

Ŀע֮£֣ȡݵߡ
շ֮£¶µݡ

̷þò
᰻

ᰣ



ԾڲϾۼƱҪöɽ֮˱ٶɽٱԵ·
ĺҡ⵹ûʲôӦһ㣬ƽ̧ȥ
ɽ٣ֻһѡ
һҪҲӴġ

һѳ֮ʱĺҡ⽣һȥ
һ֮һ׺Ȼɢ

˾ڴ˴˽֮ƣĺҡһ˵ס

ĺҡδ֣ͣٶȻӳڶ
ڶȴǻնĻǺɨ֮е˱
һʮӰ

ĺҡ⣬֮٣ڡ
һΣǵġ֮£㲻ܽÿһ׶顣

ĺҡִ⽣һһӹÿһӰսĿԺñȫ֮ϡ
ƽѩջˡ

Χĺҡ֮ۼĺҡ⽫עǵΪ׵ϣһϳ˵ݣɵЩȡ

Ҫ֪ǵУÿһ˶λԳ֣롢Ͷ·֮±ȡӶۼһġ
УΨһͬһ㣬žÿһ˶λĪֶΡ
ħһֱħӷϵڡ

ĺҡ˵λˡѩ
ǽ洫ѩ
Ǹѩ
Ǹħ֪ٵѩ

ź֮˲δӦǻ֣ƿԼñ
һżȾм䡢ּ֮ұշ֮С

ѩĺҡϷĽף㲻Ƿ龳ʿһҲǴ֮١

˾˾ѩʱٶȱѩԶ𾪵ˡ
ܵľȡǾţѾ̫ˡ

ѩһ٣Ƿ֮٣
Դ˾׺ķ֮١

ĺҡǴ˾ʿ






194.  һپʮ   Ǹһһ󡭡


¡ĺҡƽ, ⽫͵ߣҾ˳Ŷɸ١

˳šɸ٣
ĺҡΪɵһʱ֮䲻֪ηӦ

ܹ֮ɵʲô׼ô˵Χ֮, ׼Ȼɽ٣ͬǽ̸

û뵽Ĳ߻һμƻ, ȴͽ¡

ѩעĺҡ⣬ںʱɹĴ֮٣
ڽ, ֻΪ֮£ȴû뵽Ҳ˵

Ѱ˵, һһвܵĹע
ĺҡȴǲͬ, ̫Ϸ

֮ǰ, ĺҡ⻹һϾʿ
֮, ԴĺҡΪ̫Ϸ֮һһж˵֮, αܿעӵĿɹ֮ٵģ

ڴʱĻ֮ڽϷĽٶγɿֲѹ, ڶ

䣡
ĺҡδ⽣̧, , ֱĻеڶѡ
Ľ֮, ǲܵġ

貹ӳѩһ˫֮С
ŽϷۼĽ, ϶Ǹһһ׽١

һɽ֮ʱ, ƺƴ, ԶѰʿĴ׽Ҫö, ˰ࡣ
ڵʱϷƣڸһһ٣ĪǶɵ˵Ľ٣
֮, ȴһߡ

ĺҡӦ
µһ˲Խϴ춯
һ㸲ն£Щ֮븵һ

һΪĴʿһɽ٣ǴڵΪ
ϸһ룬֮׽Ǹһͬĺҡһɽ١
˶ɽ٣֮£ÿһ˷ֿܵĽԶһ˶ɽٵƸӺƴ

ϸ֮£δЩš
˳ڶɷ֮ΣǹԮɽкܶ˶

һߣòֽαװȷԲ˲ݡ
뵽˵֮ʱ͸еЩ

ѩ⻰ٶȿڵڻɽսʱ򣬾Ѿܹعɽˡ

ڽŷֱ֮붫ģܵڶĵļ֮⣬ǰĽڳϽܹԮȽڡ
ֻСᰡ

ᰵˣһϷ

˼ˣѩ΢
ˣħǰжħᰡ
ħǰᰣǰϧһȻһͷҪȥһܵġ
ħᰣΪϷ

뵽̫һͬȥ̷ᰣѩһ
̫öѾˡ

¡
˾̸֮УȻֱ¡
ڽ֮£κˡκﶼСġġ

ĺҡת˲ӭϵס
⽣Ӷ֮ʱڰĻ»Ӷտ⡣Ǳ⻹Ҫ貵Ĺ

Ǽʱ䣬ٶһ١

˿ڴ˽ؿ֮ϣ˵мλʿܹӭ֮ˡ
ǰһ֮Ծĺҡ⣬Ϊһޣʮѡ

ʮѣѰʿǧмΪݵʱա
Ǳһιصʱ䣬ʮꡣ
ĺҡȴʮ䣬磬ķ֮

ǵó˶ɽ֮ʣ׻ٵĺҡС
һ̣ĺҡѩ˵ĶԻ֮У˿ΣС

ĺҡԼ̫Ϸ˴˿̵뷨ȴ䴽һЦѩƽΪУǿʮǧꡢǧĳɾ͡

ûѩҶǽͬһ洫ӵĳΪں־磿

ĺҡһ˱µݼǲԣĿȴѾȻѩϣﷺֹĺҡ˵ƺЩ
ѩ֮磬ƺԶĺҡ׵ΪҪĪЩ

ӭĿ⣬ѩƽҵȽֻ֮Ϊ
գȻܡ
Ƕɱ˶ѡ

ĺҡżζǶͷϷĽȫȻӶ㣬̾ǰԣǶɱ˶ѣûʲô𡣡

ѩעĺҡ⣬ָ̧΢΢ת˲ͱ䡣
ԭĺҡȥգ֮Ȼȥ

ĺҡⲻӭϵĵ֮ʱ⽣̽Ǿֱӳ
裬翡

ĺҡѩǰ⽣ѹȥ
֮Уĺҡ׺Ȼ£һϮ𣬾޵ñ⻹Ҫҫۡ

ѩĺҡϮһգ֮̽ԼıĪת˲ȥ

ĺҡӭѩĽ⣬˿쳣صδκξ֮ɫ
⽣ɨ֮£տԽʶ
˲䣬ΪһһȴǱƷ˳ȥ

׺Ȼ£
ĺҡϵǰһ̣տ˺ѡ

ڰ⼤ںХķ֮У졣

˽֮ʱ˼״ɵóŵ֮٣Ѿױĺҡ飡ֻʣĵˡ

ѩѽۼ̫Ϸ壬ĺҡһ֮Ѿ룬ûҲֹͣˡ
ĺҡÿһν֣Ӵ

˼֮£ֻкģȥĵĺҡ⽫еһ̡

̲סɵĺҡԴԴϵأ
ôܣһ˷

˷꣬Ĭ
ôܣ
ĺҡˣǴһһԲܵ漣

ĺҡⲻԽսɹһ쿼˴ȵĵһʢҼ֤֮һ˽֮һ̫Ϸ

ĺҡⲻǴ˾磬Ǵ˾ʿӭ˷֮٣ǳɹǳԽ˾Ĵڡ

ҲæȥҲԴԴϵġ
֮£˷Ӷ볯ĺҡȥ


һƾն䣬ס˵ȥ·

ϳ˵ǰĳ̷
ͬʱһΪеĳλԶ٣̫ðɡ

̷ס˴ҵȥ·

ᰣ
˶ᰣ֮µһ䣬㵱յħǽһϷ

ü΢䣬ȴƽɲŶħģģûа١
ǰЩ˽ŭ֮Уﻹýȥԣֻųɱ

̫ϷⲢκεӳû
ڽĵӡ̷һΪ˴¡
µѸٳ룬̫ϷΪķԲλöճս˼޹



ڽϷۼ֮ʱڶĵҶڵһʱ뵽ĺҡ⡣
һĺҡġ

ʱͬƴϺ͵鶫ؽ֮¡

Ҷôˣƴϳʵ
ڳˡҶڸϻȥ
Ҷ˵գ֮˺գת˲ȥ

ƴϼ״һ˲
Զֳһ⣬һϮ۰ȹĽѩ߳עŽƴϡ

ƴӭĽѩĿ⡣
һ˲ƿڵȥҶ






195.  һپʮ   ݷа㣬ڡ


Ҷ, Ҳһ֮
֮дƴϵҶתȥ
ҶƼɵλǡ

֮, ܹɴ֮ٵġҲֻҡСһ˰ɡƴϳ͵, ڶģҡС, ǻ޷¥˴ҡСѶɽ֮֮, ǽڲ¡

Ҷ, Ӧá

˲Ƭ, פ֮⡣
ƽ˵ڱ, 

Ҷ̧ƣĴӿ
֮ʱ, Ҷһ
ǰķڲǰı򿪹
ھŷ֮Уͽ

Ҷ
ƴϼҶжһͣþδһ, Щɻ

Ҷعûʲô, ֻ뵽һЩ顣
ʱʱ, פڵֵصƼҶ, æ, ̫

̫ΪЩ˴˷󡣡ֵصӽ͵, ̷ڴ˴, ˻, Ͷ˵
ڶɽٵ̫Ϸҡ

ҶͷӦס
Ҷٶ̧, 򿪷󷨡
ֶڼ֮ʣƾϮһƣȻ


ֵصѾ彣פ⣬Сġ

ڴʱһҽԶת˲
ųһͬƴƷ˳ȥ

״æ֣Ϊƴϵ·

ߴӳѤĻȣСգ֮Ρ
ڷīһϮ⡣

Ҷԭ֮󣬲תͷƴϣƣʶ꣬벻ͨյΪΪʲô

֮ǰԶıеڶγֲͬĻʱĺҡŻͻأֵĽѩ⣬Сĵڡ
Сĵеˡ

֮Уκһ˶пܱٿء
Ҷû֮ˣǽơ

ǰһս֮УͬΪ洫ӣʱս
䣬֮ҲδйκĦִ

ѣ֮ܵǰɽս
֮ǰǻһ𲢼Я֣ԶԸħ¥硣

ڵĲ֮£վοЦ͵С۰ɣ㽣˲űҵΪֹһˣ˾ޡ

ɾĶɽʧܣɳΪˣ˺ƽ٣Իˡ
Ʒʵôޣβޣ

ҶƣһóȻֵˡǰ㱻¥ˣð֮£ٶҳֲŶԡ

ôܣҵΪ£Щαװˡƽ

ڴʱϷۼĽ֮ٶȴ쳹ĺĺҡĵת˲䣡

ƣֹǽ뽣ھԮ
˵䣬Ѿ֣յĺҶ֡

ҶѹԼıӭһǳ
ӿķ磬Ľ⣡

Ȼ״ڽ̫ϷеȻ֣ӭ
ңʮ֮ڣ

䣬Զڶĵפеıƺһ
ӳ촫ڣ

Ƽ״һжӭӣȻҶս֮С

ûã֮촫ģ̶֪
ڽפڵڵһ

ڴʱ䣬Ѳڳ֪֮ʿ롣
û뵽ѩȻôܱ߷ԶԸڡ

˽ֲ֮ʣߵ䣡
̫Ϸ屻貶ĿĹ⻪֣ȴһ˲һտԹ⻪лնߵ׺Ȼɢ

һ֮٣ֻס
ÿһףǰн׵Ƶӡ

ĺҡ⻹ѩ֮ʱȻɹ

ˣ
Լʱ֮Եٶһɽ硣

һζΣ
ζű
ڶ֮ʱ֪˲Լͬһ鶼Щÿ

䣬еڵĽƴϱ
ôҲ󲻵ΪνƴϾȻҲᱻѩ߷
ѩı󣬾˭

פ֮⣬Ҷгݳת˲ѹƵĲ֮

Ҳס
ʶɢ֮ǰҶૣЦһ޵Ļš

ϵʱ֮ǰ
ʱϳСսħϢ˻
ϳСʬҪ

Ϊ£ڵ
¥ħʱҲһ׷ɱ¥硣

ӵλλҶϷδ˥ֵʵΪʢ֮ʱͽνδɳС

˵Ĵϣ˽Ϊ֮ϵľרıչء
ǧһһΣȴʼձ

ʱʮǰҪˡ
һʺ޵ʣҪںʵʱڡ

ҲʱϳС档

һٿء

͵
ˡ

ת˲죡
ڽƴڽ䡣



ڽεδĺҡе⣬ѩֻkʼżˡ
ʼżˣkµһһľ־ƻ

ѩ󲢲Ӧгٶɱѳ
簵һĽʳĺҡ

ͬʱ̫ϷϷĽٶȾۼƸԶĵڰ˵׸ƺƴ

ѩǲҪһ㣬ӿÿһʽǿһ
ǰһ֪ʹġôеƣء

ĺҡˡ
ֻҪˣͻеƣ

֮£ĺҡԾɱžԵ侲
ƽɱңΪkһŵֻҪһkͰĽѩ⻹㣬ǿһ𡣡

¡
ڰ˵Խйͨ쳹ذİϢѹ١

£ĺҡҲ
һӣ֮ѩǰ⽣ӳտ⣬ն֮ʱΪ֮һ

ڰ˵׺Ȼ£һŰ


ӭŽ׺ѹĺҡ⽫е⽣̽ѩ֮С
һ˲貣û̫Ϸ塣

ľʹĺҡȳһѪ
͵س⽣Ѫ貹⻪֮籡Ѫ

ѩȥ
ȴڴ˿̣֮ӿ˸УĽѩȻڶɽ֮ء
ȥסѩ

ĽѩָȥסѩŴѪȴôҲֹסѪӿ


ĺҡٶ̧⽣δ佣ȥ֮ʱĽѩȴȻ̧㡭

ĺҡ΢ȴδ⽣ֱӳ
տɨ֮£Ľѩȴѩת˲ʧڶɽ֮ء
ǲִӳҲ֤޺ˡ

ĺҡָ߬⣬Ĭ
ѩٶȸĻᡣ

˼ˣĺҡ⽣һѩǰõĽӿ

ĺҡϢ˲θߣΪ֮ϡ

¡
ڷ֮ٵĵھŵؽڼ֮ʱĺҡӳһƱˡ
Ļת˲ϴ

ɷ֮٣̤

ĺҡϢɢȥڤڤ֮дЩʲô
ԭ̫Ϸеڱ
̫ϷѰҲѰҵĶڴ˿Ȼ

ˡ

ĺҡ⾲עǰ̫Ϸ壬۽һ˲̤̫Ϸ塣
ʰ׶ϣʱǶλ̫Ϸ۴̨

˿̵̨Ө׵Ĺ⻪ƸܵϢ⻪Խʢ
ĺҡ̨ǰȥ
ָⴥ⻪һ˲⻪С

ϤĸоϮĺҡԻδκεֿ
Х̫Ϸ嶥ķڲ֪ʧˣüž
κε

֪˶ãһʵݼžңԶԽĺҡϴ𽥱

һ۵ʱͬоʱһĽȥôûл

뻰δ䣬һĽ֮
δȵ

֮̽գȡԼı
Ϣδȶ״ɻĽôоǾһսƵģҴϲЩ̫ϲϢǡħϢ

Ĳžһս
벻ı֮⣬Ҳûðɡ

ĺҡᵽһ㡣
۴Ӣͷף۵һ΢ǰƮ䡣

ĺҡȥĽסһƬꡣ
һƬ겢δд͸䡣

һֵһ˻ĺҡ̧ȥյ⽣ƸӦ˽ߴһĳϢ΢΢

żľ룬ĺҡһ۱˵ò
ī£ִ֮Ϣδƽȣ⽣Ϣٶ

С
ĺҡ⻰΢˲ȴǽһתѡ

ݷа㣬ڴʱ̧עż֮Զվ֮ˡ
ں
Сѣ

һƺѿڶʱЩͣ͡
ԭ뺰ģǡѡ֡

ݷ򴽣ʵ
ǲ㣿






196.  һپʮ   롭Сʦ


, ȴ̲סƳһԵݷۣСۣôˣ

ݷ۽ղû۵۽, ʱһ, Լıʱһ͵ĳһ

ôô׵ķʽ˼С˵
˵˴ʱȻ̧²ԶһϮ޺µС, ĵСĹ仹δɡ

ݷ۲δӦСֹǾעĺҡ⡣
һ۵ǰ֮ʱ, ֪Ϊ, ӿһĪϤС
ǡѾʶܾˡ

ĺҡ, ۽˲, ´Ц֪㻹ǲǵ, һֱǵ㡣
Щʱ䳤δһֱǵá

ҽĺҡ⣬ĺɫĺϵĺ, ҡҹһǵ֡ĺҡǽڵһӡ

ڣ
˴, ̲סȥݷ, ĵǽ, 񲻾۵ţ
ǡ۵, һСΪߵС

Ϊߣ
˼, ٴοĺҡ, ȴȻɴ˫ۡ
Ҳ, ۵ΪʵΪһСΪˣ

ںʱֳһޣ

ݷۡ
ݷۿĺҡ, ҽݷۡ
ĺҡ˵ͷӦ֪

˼֮ʱݷת·룬ܵз롣

ԾɾЩʵɼݷ۶ĺҡ̬ȣѹеɻ벻⣬æԶԶԣҽз룬۵ĺѡ

ǰĺҡ⿴룬ڵá
á
Ÿһע⵽ĺҡеһ䡰ǰѿڶҿô𡭡

ĺҡԣɵһ㡭ѣ
һѡ㣬ͷԿԣҾͽҡˡ

ҡѣ˵ǡ
뻰δ䣬Զһ⣬֮С
һ˷ۣܵɶ˵Ҽ̿ƿǵļˣ֮ڱضܹƿǣ

ҪȻط˵ˡ
Ҽ̵ƿ֮һʷʢÿʥ񡣡˵ţֶĺҡҡѣҲǵ˵񰡡

˵գһ֮лһ⣬ԶŶȥ
ߴһĨƯĹ⻡⡣

ѾԶķִһϳɣϳɳ֮ǵøϳ˵ʮʱҪչأ̵ƿ񰡡

ĺҡ˵ġϳɡ֣ʶ뵽֮ڻɽսʱЩ
ǿ򡭡ԾɻĴռС

˵һĵط
ݷۿĺҡ⣬˵š

ĺҡӦлȥ˵ͺˡ
ݷԣȴûĺҡΪʲôûлȥ˵ˡ

֮·һĬһ㣬ڤڤ֮Ҳѡȥ⡣
Ϊѡ
ⱳһһڴʱ˵ܡ

ĺҡᴹݷеı
ӴʱıϣħЩϢ
ݷ۴ʱյı֮ĳ

Ӹղŷ˵ֻƬУҲ³˴ʱʱΪʱδ
һڽУԽʱ䳤ݷ֮ʱص㡣
ʲôǵˣȴʲôǵá

ĺҡȡԼ洫ƣݸݷۣҵơ

ݷ۽ӹ֮ʱĺҡָⲻСᴥģݼ롣
һ˲΢סƵָ΢߬¡

ݷ۴Լеƣĺҡ⡱֮ϣ䱳棬΢΢˸̺֮ŵ̫Ϸӡǡ

̫Ϸ塣
ֿ¼ϵ̫Ϸӡǡ

ݷ۵ļ֮Уδָκһӿ¼̫Ϸӡǡ
գݷֻһؽڡ

۵ٿ֮أ뽣ڲδ̫Զ
ԴʿֶΣ˺գת˲

ݷĺҡȴԼͬѡѰʽصڣδ˺նС
˽פ⣬ĺҡ̧ǰиͬĽڣʧһ˲

ĺҡʶġصǰ뵽ԻͷʢϹʱ
Щʲô

ʱʱԭѹסƲųױ
֮Ϊ˽ѩӲס˵ڰ˵ס
ڰ˵ĺ󱳣ȻзƤ˻ָƱʱЩʹ

ĺҡ΢תԼһϮµݷۡ
ʶʼģģ֮ݷ۵

ĺҡ⻺ȥָ߬סݷ۵һۣСʦ桭
ҵˡ


ݷۻδ˵꣬˳
ʶȥסĺҡ⣬Ҳĺҡʶģ֮һСʦ桱

ݷ۱Ż˵΢һԺ֮ǺıĶһҡ
ˣԽʱĶԻ

Ҳ̫ϷӣǲܹСʦأ
Сʦʱ䳤ܹڴ˽̸ʱʲô
Ҫβתʱգ
Сʦܲһһƣ
ⱭһƵȷܺúȡ

תʱգ



ĺҡ֮ʱعһعӰ

ĺҡ˺һȻ⡣
Ժ֮ʱ΢ü仺ɡ
ǰ΢ʹѾȫȻʧ

ĺҡվҪ֮ʱ΢£ȥָ⴦һĨƽ¼󣬲߳˷䡣
Ժãһ֮Ϥӡ
ѩסԺӣһģһ

ĺҡվǰԺеݷۡ
ʱǼᵽһĨ㣬˼ű˲ء

㡣
ĺҡ˼ˣ˹ȥݷбλϡ

ݷ裬޳ָڲ֮ϣֺãһĺҡ⡣

þⱭмʹЧݷ۽͵
ĺҡ֣ӹ裬ллС
Ļٶһ١

ݷΪСʦ棬ѾʶΪ
ĺҡãһת֮ʱݷ
ݷ۵ǰνңܹҡ

ĺҡӹ豭΢¡
̧ݷۡ

֮ĺҡſڵСʦ桭
㶼֪ˣ

ݷ۳йʱ䳤еĶԻѾˡֻǣй飬ʱȴδйκμ䡣

Щ飬δŻеļ䡣

ĺҡ⽫еϤζ֮䣬һ˲
Ž͵ҵСʦ̫ϷеЩйʱյĸ

ݷ۵Щ򱾾ġ
һ۵ϣʱ֮
۵ϣԼ֪ԼΪλҪһʱ֮
ʱһСʦ桱żһС

˵£һδһ۵ĸ¼̫ϷС
ݷۿĺҡ⣬ʵԸһ𣿡

ĺҡ˵ͷӦá

˳Ժӣһͬʰ׶ϡ
̫Ϸ嶥Ǵ̨֮䡣⣬б˪ѩǡ

ĺҡݷۣƼָ֣һ۵ĸ¼̫ϷС

ݷ۽¼̫ϷкȴδͣжǼʩ
֪δΣǴ˿ĺҡܵܽ

ɽ٣Ҫ

ɽ棬ȱģ
δȴһ

ݷ̫Ϸһۼɢ󷨣Ա֤̫Ϸںܳܳһʱ֮ڣ˥ߡ

仯֮ʱĺҡʶ̧ȥݷ۴˿󷨣Сʦ档

ֵݷ۽ɣתʵôˣ
ĺҡҡҡͷ䴽û¡
ֻ֪˺֮УΪΨ̫ϷһΪŨˡ

ݷ۵Ѿӡ̫ϷС
ҪЩʲô𣿡

ĺҡ⿴ݷۣ˼Ƭ̣롭Сʦȥһɽ硣






197.  һپʮ   ۣ˵Ҽ̡


ĺҡ˵Ҫȥɽ, ݷ۱ĺҡⱻƺú뿪ڡ

ʱĽڣǺ֮ɽĵһ, ûоŷ, ֻһ̫Ϸ塣
ݷۣ̫Ϸ

Ϲʱ, ̫ѣԶ֮ࡣ
еĵ, Ҳû

ĺҡع, ޷˵޵ʢ
Ϲʱ, ֻ, ֻʼ޷ݷ͸¶ֺ, Ҳ޷ݷ֪δ
硭Сƿһյħ֡
ٱ磬֮¡

ĺҡⲻ֪Լܹʱ϶ãֻܾܵȥԼܹ顣

ĺҡ̫Ϸ֮, δκˡ
£֪һÿӻλӲ, Ϊ, Ҫһ, λҲһޡ
Ҷҡʦ㡱

ҡʦ, ĽôİôͶ, ҡʦĽȴأ֮, ̲סʵ

ĺҡⲻȷʱǷѾ˻, ѧ˲еһʮ꣬ϸϰ, ˽յϤ
ǸȤһȥ￴һ

˾ĺҡһ飬˳ӿ
ʱĲȣδ̫

ĺҡռеλãһǰָḲÿᣬͣĳһϡ
ȥⱾȡ˳Ĭá

ĴռУкһᡣ
ں˿ȴոࡣϸȥܣᵽЩī㡣

˼ĺҡʧ񣬴ս۲ţʵҡʦ㣬һ𣿡
ĺҡعԣϰģһ

˿Ƥݡݷ
ǡ˳£һݷҡʦô˵ԼѾϰʮأ

ĺҡԣȥָḲ֮ϣκһֽǽݾ֮żȻ򣬵һһγĻҪʮꡢꡢǧʱ䣬ķɡ

ҡʦ˵е
ԣͷӦӱ¼һݻڼϰ

˵˲ſڣֵصṩհ򣬽ĺҡеĻ¼֮С
ֵصӽЩ֮ʱĺҡעЩ򣬳һ˲ȵȣȿһЩǷ¼ȫ

ֵصԣݽĺҡ⡣
ĺҡӹ򣬷ֳʶɨÿһ֮еݣȴÿһ֮жû¼ݷ۵

ĺҡȡһհͼеݶ¼֮Уݷ۵֡
˺ܶΣȴʼ޷

ҡʦ㣿˳
ĺҡе򣬵֮޷һ¼

ԣȡһ̽Ӧǵġ
Ƕ֪ݷ϶ǵġ

ĺҡûٳе¡
ӵеĽȳ˲ǰϴԽ

ĺҡվڲǰá
Ǻ֮У֪ΪԵ
ʱֻнڵ֪ݷɽУ˰ꡢǧꡢ֪꣬Ǻ

ʱݷǰĺҡȻѣתݷۡ
߹ȥߵݷǰ֮ʱųڲҵСʦĻǡҪ¼֮еʱȴʼղܿ¼С

ĺҡʵСʦ棬Ϊʲôأ
ݷ˵ɴ֮⣬Ͽɣ޷

ĺҡĬ֮󣬵Ų
ǿһַ
ݷ۱ҲӦóΪһλԱȼĴڡ

ݷۼĺҡĬοûϵ
ĺҡ΢̧Сʦ棬Ҿúί

ôˣ
úί

ĺҡ֣֣߬صһᡭ
Ʒġ

仰ݷ۶ȴܵԼȥ
ݷעĺҡ⣬ֻӦҵ㡣

б£̫Ϸһ㱡ĺ⡣
ĺҡݷȥ⻪˵Ӱĳһһ

ĺҡСʦ棬ҾҵѾˣûиоʹˡ
ݷ۵㲢δоʹɲʹѾʧˣҪһʱС
֪ˡĺҡӦ

ĺҡһࡣ
뿪ڵһգݷȥδ

ĺҡ˼ãŵȥ˵
֪ܲȥ˵ɷ˵ħֵԴͷ
ݷá

պĻ֣˵Ӧλڵ޾֮ϡ
ӽȥ˵ĺҡݷһʱ䡣
һ·ϣݷ۴ȥ˺ܶط̤ɽˮҲȥܶؾ

Щؾ֮ѾʧˣΪսԶϹʱ
ʱĺҡ⻹˺Ѿʧš

ĺҡԽʱԽѹ
Щʧڰս֮еšؾʿǱԼУħУֶ
ǻһջ䣬ҲΪ

Ϲʱջ˰ս֮С

ĺҡݷ۵˵һգߴĹ⻡ȻΣǰ

һϮ쳤ۣ֯ѹ۽ǣĹâ
ݷۣۣһûҿɽϢˡ

һɽвٴʿؾСĳǳ֮Уܿݷ۵Ӱ

Ҳ֪ݷߣһλͬΪĽޣΪĺҡ⡣
һ˰㣬֮ϡ

빰ҡѣþò
ĺҡѣþò

ݷۺĺҡ˽˵С
°׳ȹŮվڷ˵ϣˣӭ

ĺҡܹԼĵ»ɶͩ¡
޾ůķ磬˵ڸߴͩ£ʮöѩ׵ķ˵

ĺҡ̧ȥһĨѩ׵ӰӺĵ
ʶȥסһöѩƯķ˵УȵĴС

״æҡѣҺɶ̡ٹãɣҼ̾Ҫƿˡ
ĺҡעǰķ˵ƽʵɶΪȡ𣿡

Уʲôţ
Ӧתȥɶ
ɻɶ֮󣬷ŵȻ

Ҽ̵ֽзȻ

ĺҡֺܺС˵ƿ֮з֮ÿʢʥ񡣡
Ҳз֮츳ߵһֻˡ

ǰɡ˵ҡѶõġ
ʱ򣬵Ҽƿǻ֮󣬾ͰȥУҼ̳Ϊһޡ

ʵҲԣϳɾڵڡֻ̫ˣҼˣʱ򣬷ŻɽѵڵӸˡ

ۣ˵ҼȥڣΪһޣòãʵ

ĺҡԣ̧ݷۡ
ݷ۳ãС˽С






198.  һپʮ   ҵƸ𡭡


֮ĶԻ, ĺҡеķ˵΢£ĺҡָ⣬Ա㶵סδƿǵСˡ

Ծݷ۽̸, ˵Сƿ֮ȥ֮¡
ĺҡᴹ, δһԡ
ʱɶЦеķ˵˳ƽ˵˹ȥ

̡
ɶЦ, š
еķ˵΢΢һȴгԶȥ
䷽ٲȻ޾

ҡ, ȥҼ̰ɡɶ
ĺҡĿϹԶķ˵, ͷӦá

ĺҡɶһ·˵Ե
ڷ˵뺣֮ʱ, ĺҡ, ȥ˵
סķ˵Уð, ҲٵƤˡ΢΢ζ֮£ѩ׵ķ˵С

ɶ״ҡ, Ҽ̺ϲ㡣
ĺҡⴹȥ΢, 𡭡

δƿǵСǸܵԼδķ, е׽
ⲻֻתɢ
, ǰһǰǰһǰǰǰһǰֻ֮δɢķ⡣

Ӱ, Сÿһεֻ֮, Ҳͬһѡ

ĺҡ´, ɶ, ѵ츳֮ߣСƿǺΪһġ
ɶ, Цÿμ̣Ҳ˵ġ

شǵī
ĺҡеķ˵Ȼ¶˾ġ

˵мҪɶȥĺҡ״˵˹ȥ
ɶȥӣȴԼ΢һֹĺҡС
״ҡѣЩҪչҼ̣ɺã

ãСˣˣٴͩϡ
ĺҡ˵գĿͻɶһ黪Զȥ

ĺҡδƿǵСˣڷ˵Եߴһһ⣬⡣
˺һָ֣һʯͷϡ

ĺҡָ⴦ӿտ֮н֯ߣڷ˵⡣
δЩʲôֻڷ˵޾һ󷨡
ֻڴħϢʱ󷨲Żᱻ

ڵΪҪһжκ֪¡
޷ֹδ˵֮ķֻܽ߾֮¡

һУĺҡֲתѩ׵ķ˵СˣҰѷ⻹ˡ

һƶؾ֮УĻþС˸һƿǣΪħȼ˷
СҲûĻᡣ

֪ݷСٴӵ֪Ǿ¡
⣬ȴÿһֻһΨһĴڡԴΪ֮СĻ

ĺշں֮ϣԡ
ĺҡ⽫˵תߡ
һ̧һϮѩµݷվڲԶ

Сʦ档
ĺҡ߹ȥ
ߵݷǰݷ˳ƽӹеķ˵Ӧһţڡ

֮УÿһλСʦ桱ʱݷڵһʱӦ
ˡһΡ

ĺҡգۣЦСʦ棬ȥС˷Żͩϰɡ
ݷӦ߰ɡ

ȥͩ¡
ݷ۷ſ֣еķ˵Ż֮ͩ䡣

ĺҡʵСʦ棬ǽȥأ
ݷ۵ȥҾȥ

ĺҡƫƫͷݷۣȥϷɡֻϷ˻ûһȥĵط

ݷ۴ӱģǰݷ۴
ֻݷۼƻɽʱȴûüȥĵط

ݷעĺҡ⣬΢´ѯЩʲô
գӦãǾȥϷ

뿪˵˴һ·ȥ
ʱ䣬ת˲š

ﶫ֮ʱĺҡһβδǣͼʱ֮еĴ
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ϳɹֻҡѡ
ϳɽӭڣԼڵķϡ

ϳݷۡѾδ棬֮󣬱̸˽ɽ֮£Լá
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໥ӡ֤ͨ

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ĺҡѧ֮Դ֮һϹʱǴУ
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֮ʱĺҡ̧עϳɣϳ֮ԣãŻ

ϳɵѣ˵һЩоùһ󷨣һݹȥĻþ󷨣˷·侳ػعȥһԼʧȥļ䣬֪ܲϳɵѰæоһ¡
Ҳõϵʱ򡣡

벻ڻþ֮ػعȥʲô˼أҪɾ͸ɴģоһܹصȥ󷨣

ϳɵصȥУ췣ġˣƻҡѡ

ֻ췣ѡ
ҡѣ˵ʲô

ݷעĺҡ⣬ҡҡͷûʲô
ĺҡ֣Ӵռȡǿ򣬽ϳɣϳɵѿϾ֮ʱоҲż

ϳɽӹӦã֪ˣ
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뿪ڵһգϳɾվڵפ⣬Ŀȥ
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ĺҡ߳Զ֮󣬲ŻȥϳԾվڵפ⡣
֪ʱϳЩʲôҲ֪ϳʶö֮󣬷ֲδʲôԽʱʲôӦ

ϳö򽻸ǰö򽻸ϳɡ

һһͷԼȫһС
һ̣ĺҡȻоѹ

뿪֮ԭǣ˲٣ȴʧ
ԼʱĴ󣬻ʱĻᣬ𣬻ǽĨɱ

ĺҡݷۼɽУӶĵٻص
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ʮǰǽ𵤾ʿ֮ʱһͨʱݣݷۼ棬ݷ۱߹ΪԽߵʿԽԤе֮Լص顣
Ѿܹĸ֪ʱܹʱѾˡ

ĺҡ֪ĽŲתȥСʦ档
ݷ߹ĺҡ⣬Ӧţڡ

ĺҡݷ۰ڳĲߣҲһͬ¡
ͬʱȥָݷ۰ŪߵϣڵСʦ棬㶼ôˣһҲȡ

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ĺҡӹеĲߣ˳ģĿʼ

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ĺҡݷۣ۽һ˲֣صʵСʦ棬һ£ԸԸ⡭
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Χ΢ķ紵ɢĺҡĽţҲ׵׵侲
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ĺҡתʱգʱֻ֤ǵδ֮һѹֲҵġ
Ըĺҡⱳ̫ǰС

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Ը⡣
ݷ˵գԼѾ˵Ĳ豭ʵҵƸ𣿡

ĺҡԣȴЦ£Сʦ棬Ƹġ



ڸѹϲĺɫŵƽʣݷ۽ĺҡе´ϲѶҲѾ˳ȥ
˵´һգķ˷Ļ֮£⣬ϲ

ĺҡױǰɶΪһʴɫ
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͸΢ڵĴߴ˽
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ͯйʢһĻĺҡ֮߳̽УĻꡣ

ھͯʱĺҡͣ˽Ųһˣ΢ʵʲôѽ
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½ĺҡݷӿ֮֯

Ļдĺڡ
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ԶнֻȦһ㣬Ҫ
һϹʱһͬһΪνľš

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ָഥĵطݷ۽ĺҡܵѹȫ˹һ˳е

ʱ֮߳ͣеĽɡ
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ʱͣһ˲һԼɡ
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ڴ֮Уʩߵȥʱ侲ֹʼɢ
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ԭϲɫĲҲȻʧ
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ݷ۽ڴ֮ϣһˡ
ʮʱ䣬ȥԼеȱʧһ
սʼʱ̫Ϸ֮СԴ֮󣬽̫Ϸ岻ٳС

ʱսĽݷ۴ӻлع顣ȥһ긲ѩĵط̫ϷÿһԺһһ̣һѩ
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ӳ˯ʱһǧʱڵkԣҴһ˲
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Զ壬ɽԽշһѤ֮ء΢ϰϰӴ壬
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