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ټ˸ڼû˹ܵꡣ
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ػ̨ĵһάҲɴԺ
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˾̾ǸƯҴûôʾ׵ıݣо仰˵ĺãȫĹ屦
Ѱߣһ˵ġ
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1.  ¾   һ˭ġ

Ұ
/ɰ
2021.03.18-ѧ

ؿڰȫҸ
ٴݳվм䣬߷ֱĸԶһ㣬ǲС뾵ĴԼӰ
ĹͼûһѹCλâ

ľһžͿƬδƷһۣƯϲŶ
̽ͷûֲǵһμľݼôô䡣

ľЦ󻹸һˣܵܡ
һ٣ܵܲҴ͵͵

ǹůġ
ůԽԽáľǰ˵Ҫùܹܵæɻ
Ĵûע⵽ĺЬ٣Զأˣôû

ĺٽ£һס
ߣ֣Ҳ޵ѹǡ

ľӻ֪Զ񳳼ˡʶ꣬꣬ԭŨʱ
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ʲôҪĹŮůľӸ̾Ƣ̫ãʲô˳ʱʱһ¡
ľӵĵùܵСͣš
Σǡ֪ˡ

ϵϷֱӸľӣԼתȥϡӹϵˮУǽͬǿġ
ľԺһûᡣ
ǾԶ͵ġ

ԶѾһûϵ
һμ棬ڲԶͻȻ˵ΪίҪȥ
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ԶĬ룺ǶڳǱߵĿͻǩ˸ܻͬᣬܾá

û˵ܾôǶá
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ƢãΪ̫ܶÿ
ιԶҲû취ܾҪΪͦûġҲǸոôһ˲䣬Ϣ̫ͻȻЩ⧲
ʵǼ룬ſգԶΪˡ

ٻʼ롢ʱ
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ʱԶ
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Կ룬Զ䡣ͷڵ۵׷·ûǽţ
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ôһϣ˴롣
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ԽůٲԶӦò
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˼ϣϸһֻ
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Զ򣬳Ƭ̣վǿջؿڴ


˵ʲô켫һʱĹűծľЩ˰˱׵СϢ·ƵеϷ
˵æһڵǰһɳϣNS

ܵƽʱ׽㣬Ϸľ߷֮ľɳһˣ٣

ֱ
ܵаִƫҲᡣղŵӢɳ

ľӺ֪ܵе⡣
Сô£۾ĻػٽϿأ

ܵܵʱ͸죬ûüͣһˡٶ죬ֱû¾ͼæſܣҡȥţ
ľӿˮ˵ô϶ܹˡ

ĲԶС硣
һһƷ᡹ƲˡѹûľӣľҲҡͷ
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Ŀٴδֻ
٣ˮյˣ𣿡
ԶڵܿصæͲȥˡȥ㡣
٣á
Զ٣ĩķɻ

Ѿ壬Զ᲻֪ĩбİš˵ĩķɻƺĵ̽ļ¸Ҫ
սĲҰһ賤
ٿ֣Ӳػ˸Ŷ

Ǳ˺üӣûء
ľӵܵڿСֹ¥üͰһչʲôζҲûڣôůֽе

˵ģģǰľһưܵգգۣľв˵ʲôƤ
˾ôٽһ

ֻװ
ǼѾȥˣľӻĪ
ûٵԶظȰֻ¶¼ϣе¶⼷ա

***

գú硣
ȥԶĸ׺؝ù緹һͬĹ԰ȥƽһģڶͻ١

ƽһӰóֽ؝ԼȥĹ԰תһȦ
ٿ؝棬۽ǶǺġ

؝˫ִڱ࿫ͷʣôͻȻô磿
㻹¡ٴ𣬡͸Ұ֡
ŵ£
ûСԶ룬ͬ؝ȥˡ˼ܾãȥͻ

؝šüܾã
٣š

֪؝϶¡̸˰꣬Ҳ֪؝ﱻȫƫԶ
֮ǰܴչôˡ
Զһߣں؝ɿҡ

ˡ
µʱ䣬ûҶයһ·ͨ裬ԤƻһЩִ

ջܴ
һ֣ԶͿ赸ѵԶϸŮ쾱ͬ֡һʻӡ
СֻŹԶԶ˹վǰӻװ𣿸׼ġ

ǵһЩӦĶ
ԶȻԼⳡ̽ɺϣȡ֡ЦЦװ㶼װ¡
ҲŲȥƫͷ

ƺصսǰ
ûԼͬʱ¡ᣬƢȴ
ÿԶס̨ס

ǰʱðѻϷɻȥصǸ֮ǰҲñһܳ

㲥ڶͨԶǼ⡣
ýȥˡ٣Բôۡ
û˵ǹڽġֻɺϡ
ٵͷ֪

ͬգԶʱ

***

ӻңֻ˰Сʱ
ٴӵݼڻԶϢһرŵµŵٶۡ

ڼҵͰ֪ʲôʱҵݿڡͬȫмСͨͬ16㣬1601ľ1602ġ
ľůʱ˵¥ֽȥˣȻ⡣

֪ʲôֵ
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Ӻ󣬴մ򿪣ٴֱ߳ڡ

ʱɫ
Ȱ߽ڻ谵С
ٴߵŵ´̧šСһûǱԼֻһ

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ٵֽͨԼ

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ˡеһھӡʣأûǻ𣿡
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û˵꣬ھӼҵͻȻ򿪡
ûƣһƬڳմɽڡ
Ťͷв׽üۺͲҷֻ׹ģƤĵøҰס
էһֻʣһ

ͷƤˡ
סֻսǹ


ͷһ죬صˡ
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ŶԲ𡣡ٻ񣬡Ǹڵġ
ƨ¡ԷͷɽٷʱβʹǸ˭ı顣
٣

סһ롣
Զֻﴫ˳Ѱ





2.     ǷϵɥȮ


Ѱ⣿
Զʶھӡ
پֻվԭأĿĻ֮ش

㲥ظԶǻڼ
ͷټӿ죺٣ֻ˵䡣
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ûӣƤǧذ΢΢̧ӹֻϣѿеļ⵶
·ֱһ룬۴

Ҳ˳
ԶöˮĥԲĶʯźı񣬲ѱΡ
̷䣬Ұ

ͨ׵㡭
ĬĬ̾Զˡǰλš


ŶԷߣ뷨ؽ˶ȴĪڲˡǵصߣ˽˸͸·ٲС
˵㲻˸ͷ
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ַſƬ̣ԷûŲߡĶֱԶڵ绰ͷᵽʲôҲŽ
ˡ
ΪĳùֻšԻȻֹ
ٿԼյ֣һ

ű
Զʱȣֻѡ񳤻˵ҪΥԼġ
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ΥԼɲˡԶѣԸ˵Ƿݴͬٳ¡ôŲְΧֻǸ㹫ءУܱܲʧ˰Ҫɡˣˣȵǻ
껹Ǹνǻ١

ָ䣬ԶԵزһ䣺ǵϵԸ硣֪סˣġ
˰ҷ

˳һȦŲſ
ŷֱۣȴˡ
ֻűֱ۲ͷػ˻Σĸ

Ļˡ
ԶǱӦѾǻ

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ӸղðƢ˼һ£¥Щҵ𣿷ա
ѵŷء
ʰһ𡣡ǿ˵ꡣ
Ӧһȼž

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װ绰ãҵ1216¥1601Ļ˺ܶͨܲȫԵģΪ˰ȫǣҼӦڵġҽšһΣһð졪

˵Լҷߡ
Ų϶𣬽ƹƹһƬԹС

ι˽
ٻͷһ޺ôˣ
ܲܰ㡣üͷѾû˯˺ܷۡ㣬ܣ롣

СҧгݵӣٺȻá
𴽽ǣףΡ

***

һ죬˯ú硣
峿պÿԶ賿תǻϢǽٵǻǰǵµġ
סǸмѰ֮ǰ˵ԶܣǼ¹󡭡ñȴǰУЩ죬̫ദҪ˵ʲô㲻˵ĻȱǸˡ

ٵעȫԶ˵ġǼ¡ϡ
һ

2018꣬ʱ24ꡣ
ĸƽ赸ŵĳųȥμӱݡ

ʽݵǰһ졣
ڶһŵ裬ЩšŲȥƽȷλá

ʱԺֻʣˣ𷢱۵ĹԱڲԶƽһڣ˻ƵĿտ
ણߡ߰ˡƽģߣ룬һ㡣ԣ۾һ㣬ע٣ȡ˵㶯أԣ̧ߡᣬոˮһ˦˦ȥҪ

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ΪƽϵãƽҲȻΪޡ
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ͻȻ鼸졣

֪ʲôͱڵ̺ϡϵ촽ǰѸٶ˼£ϸֱ棬һƬæ

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죬Ժǹ-ϡ
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ǵȥ䣬ԶǼֻ˵ôࡣ֮Լ׳ɡ

ͬѵ˺׸ͬܣҲÿݡ
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Ӽʱҵıఢڴɨ¥ٱ֤˸ڼҵͰαãְߵ¥ڡ
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ƣ
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ûѰͷ׵ſϻ˿̣ˡ
⣿ţߵģ





3.  ִ   е


ſӡ
ͨ绰ֽһͨµġ
ѰǾԸ硣

绰΢
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ԸϢãڱһ̾ڰڽӵ绰ˣ㶼֪ʱүү̶ҵԶȥˡĶҹȥȥ

ԶǸˣ
ʲôԸɻ󣬡ʲô
ûʲôѰ˵¡

λСԽأʧ١
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Ըģ۶˶Ǯˣܲܰ㱾ҷӸ˰ɣôǸͷ֤֤㻹ûɲžǣĲ˵ﻹһͬ缸ǩġ˼Ҿ꿪

дûСѰƢɲžˡ
Ը磺ڣûءܣȥٻضһŲһѲûǮ

ԱϣѰЦҼĸƿһ׷
ԸΣû£ԣСССģ˹ôáộȥˣǶƿ


СڣԸûֺ
Ѱֳüǣޱ飺һΡ
ϡԸĻŭţ۾ͰѾɺͬ꣬ΥԼС϶ºͬһǹȥ

ཡ
绰Ҷϡ
ԸԤƵ̧üСƢ

Ͻ׷˸ŹȥѸղû˵Ļ꣺ҹȥ㣬ַڡ
ˣֻ
עΪڵλأ˵

ʧ˯š
Ѱ˯ȴеĽ׶Ρ
ΪŰ˴

ûˡ
תݡӺٳ϶˼ɫ޷⸽ϤΨ֪Сſмɭ
ֻûɭĵƹƣȿһϤĳ

Сҵġ
ѰûȥкҲûתͷߣ;վԭء
ԵøΪ̲꣬סƽǰ̸̸

***

һϰ߳ܡ
ϴٴγţֿ˸ڵھӡǻһɫγ

ûʲôֵÿģֻƮƮƳһۡ
ֵˣǳע⡣׺ݣţʲôƲ硣

ٷ٣Ťͷ
ؿ˼ѰקüǷ´ǣÿ֫ϸڶ˳촽һ˵˾ʲôǵָȭͷ

²ô
ĪţȻٿعҵһżɲͣڱͤſڡ
³˵˼䣬̲סͷ
Ѿ˺ʮסٿ߱д̻һ롣

СŵǱܡ
ûù컯ֳʲô¡ٴ·ʱֻƳۡѾ˽棬žֱ뿪

һææϲʱ俴ֻ
ȿľӵĶţ˵ڸμӷ֣ҽ
϶ΣĬȺܸߡ

ٰѳͣľ˵ĵطԼĪʮֶӣľӻ˸绰ľݼڵ绰ͷƣʲôˣҪϻ𣿿ǡﻹе㡭Ȼʡ
û룬ľӸ˵ǸԲסݣƬԡ

ȲӣľӾʹ˳
ﲻͬϷ˾ƻؼҡÿеʲô֣ǵټҲһ

˺ܿصСϵмޡ
ֻܴһ
ⲿݸմӳˡҲǵʮ¥ģΪֻ16һ֡

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˼Ҵ˶
ľ̲סУ㿴ûǸŶģͷסڰ
٣š

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һݣľӲˣٵĸ첲ֱⲻȾЩСҰҰˣֿˣ٣

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ľӣ
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˺֮ηֹŵʦôȰ裬ٻǴĻǰתĻ˵ԼҼˣƾԷ

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ҵ١Ҳ̫ûмˡӦԶ磬ٯٯһô

һµı鿴ȥľҲ֪Լñ죬Ͻ⣺˵ǾŽǢⲿָȷ˭𣿡
ݸҲˡ

ľĵĵӰвٹŵ辵ͷרźŶԽӣҪָ
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ľӸ˹ͷ͵תסٴ٣ҾͷˡŶԣһ¡
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ͬʱ
һǽ֮1601

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ԸϲʤѺ̨ͬϸϸ˵˵ǸµȥΧɵĵ˫ܣͷʢ˺ܾã϶ҪͷġǺ֮ǰǩˣһҪ˵ʱһǸʲôҥԲͶ

ҥԣѰһִοɢծǽɲž
Ը磺ܲŵԼá

ԼѰ𣬹ҾɼϸĸʽתԸô֪꣬λƢҲ֤ôһǵزġ
źúõĴסʧ١Ϊ˶㹤Ӧǰݡ

ԸǵüѰиС壬ȶġ
ºСͶµļҲ˼˵ѰСôļҵá

꼾Ѱ21꣬Ƣš
ŭЦҼǵǰЩһ̨ܼҶӸˡʱС岻˵ҳǴˣСһƽϡôڼȥҷֳСҪҼҵˣ
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󲮶Ȱ˵޹
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ԼֶΣ˲һš

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ԸԵشɳϵˣǸͷͷ͵ƬԶٷ㰡

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ԷĿܡֿܸջۺ

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ʶ
ҵ㣿
ԷĬƬ̣ӲأҲûС

벻ˡ
ǡ
ĺ롣۾תš





4.  Լ   1601ƢѰ


ٵƢһһĺá
ҪǻİˣôƽڼѰϣ·𿴵ǰѵԼ

ȶƢŹ֡
ϲ󱯣Ƶķй

ǰϵɲǣһ㲻ȻС٩һ䣺СƢ

⻰ǰӭŵľˡ
ľԻ󣺡ʲôС
ٴ𣺡ƢС
ľӸԻˡ
ʣȻ뵽ԡڷˮתͷͰζԻˡ

ڶһ磬ٰľͻؼҲȥű
ŻϳΡվһһͷַֹŵ֣ʦҲڡ

֣ʦʣÿվţȥһ𣿡
ǿ̫ˡ֣ͬʦһֹǱߣҲʣôҲվǣ˭أ
˭Ϳ˵ľ

⻰ڽ˵١
˵ʱ򣬾ͱ֣ʦ˵̣츳ûǹɾ
֣ʦתͷƼֹŵָͬʱ׼ŵıഴ

֣ʦʱʱһ졣
ٺƢָָԼҼ磺

֣ʦ˵иҿǰ˵ˣ֮ǰûŪġ񡷶裬µıˡʱŴ㶼
΢㶣Ŀͣ𣿡
û˵֣ʦҲˣһٳɵġ

ƽ൱ӡ񡷵Ķαഴ滨˺ܶѪഴûɣġҲŵź
߶߶Ҫ±˵Ҫͻԭӡ
¶ûƽ͸ǳˣû뵽؝һֱǣߡ

؝

پò˼飬תͷĸ׺؝绰
绰ͨˣһʱ֮ȴ֪ôڡ
Ǻ؝ʣôˣΪŵ£
ţ裬֣ʦ˵ڸ±㲻ǡ

㲻ƽô
һֱͶţٻؼңѹıʲôءжʱＦɹ˺؝ġС
ǲܲ¡
û˵ȴزס˼

؝ѹϵҵģûǩͬȻ֣ʦ˵ˣпոһ¡
ǩԼҲҪʡ
ﻹкöְ֮ǰдıʼǡ؝Թ˵ǰ˺ܶѪܲ˷ѡ

؝һݣ绰ֱӸ˶ԷҵĵַͷһĻе¡

ȷʵҲź
ͬŹ֪ƽжĺ֧衣һʼǱ˱ഴ뷨
¼Ҳ֪؝ϲ

ͺ؝һʧȥ˸ףһʧȥɷ򡣶ԴƽĹȥ˶Ԩı²СĽҵԷ˿ڡ
صŹѾܲˡ

κ؝¼δˡ
˵ʵٸ֮໹еۡ
Լüӣ׷ӶŹȥ裬϶񣬷ģ

͸֣ʦ˼١
һ·ѭŵַҹȥͣһҵŨصС¥ǰˮǽˮأΧҪǽмȿƼʮԶţٻΪԼʲôĽҰķ

֮ǰ˵绰ԤԼ
Լһλͻǰ̨ӭС

ڿռʿʽװӲ
Ӱ칫ֱӿĺ¼ҡ
ǰ̨Ψһһǰ뿪šиϵĮ̇

ڵȴ⼸͵͵׫geneʦ
ƽʱֻ赸漰ҵǰˡ߰ű⣬Ƴծ粨ɲžΥԼ⳥һۡ

ûܣ͵ٶȰٿơ
һѱˡۻҡ·ղЩ˵ˡ
ٿƬһƬհס

ǵĳͷ˳ǰʱʶΪgeneʦ
ԳԸ磬geneʦľˡ

Ǻ؝ǰкٿԸ׺̹ϵظgeneʦǩºͬ
ɻ󣺡֮ǰ˵ͲǩԼô
֪ܲλ˵Ӿͽӣ˵ӾͲӡǶûתԸΡ

ٳƬ̣ʣݺͬźҪܵgeneʦ˵𣿡
ߡƢеѸ㡣
Ը⻰ίܾˡ

ĬĬ㣬û
뿪ڣԶһǰ̨ϲɤˣ
Ӧǰ̨һĵġš

ԸϲʤվԵȣλˡ
ͣסֻͷȸƢĲ̫áȺȵˮ
áٵͷ

Ųͣ˸Ϻ
ԸͻȻøӴҵڣ㻹ǵиҰ
˵һɤ졣

Ҹ¶¡Ը˵֮ǰӦ˱һʱûüǩԼ˼һ㿴ǰ涼Ӧˣ͡ǩ˰ɣ
˺ϣˣǩ

ٵͷ˿ڲ裬Ƣĸ˾󻯼⡣
Ȼʱ˲ŻѲŰžͲûװ׸߶ԷүҲˬȫү
ţЩ졣

ٲǵԼʶôԸ԰꣬氲ڸϺߺȲ衣

Ը翪Ȱ˵ôأͬ϶ӡ֮ǰ˸˵ģǸ񡷡񡷣ǵðɣ

񡭡
ʱãȷʵӡ

ѰԸһ˵ʱΡʱûҪҪӣּѧˣ˵ʱ׷ĸףдһʫ
ʫ˶

尡ѧȰ˵ǳˣʡдҽ軨׷ȥ
ʱѰܾдҪ
츳Ŵҵġʱдʫǽһ
дð

Ȼ£Ѱֻȴƽࣺ˭ǩģ
ŵ¡Ըת𣬡λʦھߣҴ

ƹϹ
ſ˵λgeneʦôᡣͦΣƽֱй˵ݸС
ͷϿһñɫµסСԵƤС

˫۾ϡ
ٺȻʹǸһ޶ϳ˶Է
1601ƢѰ

λڵĸˣС㡣ԸЦеؽܡ
ȻԷҲϳˣɫ

룬˵˰ɣ
˲ǾʶҲ޳Թ
Զм䣬մ״ʴϵȻˣӦòѰɣ

кôɡ
ŶʶԸ⡣
ٸ죬Ǳ߾ʶ

٣
аɣʶͲʶ̸ġ

סЦݣʶѡֱӿͬɣ
ԸԲԶԶԣ̸ͬ

ÿˡ
ųƢͻȻת̬ȣӲҲǩ






5.     ָƵֱϣ


ݶ˵еѡ
ĬĬȭͷţ

һüƭԣԸҲһܿ췴Ӧס̫Ѩôˣ
𺣺ô򵥡
ԸȻתͷٵ˼geneʧȱ鲻áҪǸģ㿴⡭

ȷʵĲȻ
ûǿӹҳһǿ˿ʱ䣬ȻԶϢͼѰйô

ԤУͬǩú˳
˺؝ûбұѡ؝û˵ͽпջؼһ˸׵ıʼǱ
ھпաһСʱѾԶСԺ

ƽĶɺ؝úñš
һصĺɫļУǹйء빤ÿһݳÿһУؼ¼ڰ

ϸģ֪ƽĸϵİٷ֮һ
ڡ񡷵ĶαഴƽӦðݷùܶˡÿֺ涼кںС֣ɫŵ㣬ɫǷȱ󻮻ĸģټһŻҳֻֽʣgeneһûȥ

ĺλ
ֺ棬ûдϺ֡

̾˿ۿαϡĬĬѺֲϣƢˣƣĪ

϶ٴαۡ
ŵgeneƷʿſˣҡܹ㡣һЩرĶ·۾Ϳǿպ嫣󣬱ˮˡ
й½ĸ磬С

аɡ
ȷʵѲŰʱ
۵

źУһֻԶ˵绰
ͷ˼⣬ʣôͺͼѰйˣ

˵
ٰǰ¸һͨȻ˵ǰԩ޳׷Դ͵õһμ档16¥ߵԶƵ绰һСĶ˼Ѱѡ
£ҪôǺԶˡ

ԶЦһǻƢ㡣
ǩĵͬ𣿡ʡ
𼱣졣Ǳߺ˽Զ֣Ӧһͷȸ˵

Ŷе㲻˼鷳ˡ
ԶΣ٣ҿˡ룬ڸ̾عˡû߰¶ͺãͷæͷöˡ

ԼѵǶţü
ռѰƢٵˣܱһػæ

ǾôлչŵӾСԶ˵
Ϊ۵صͷá

һߡ
Ըλ粻ƢΣֹСʱΪһţҲСûܱ뼾Ѱİɱ
СССö䶼ˣڱһ绰¡

ԸŲ칫λ֣Ųһ߽ͨ绰˵˵űȻ΢
绰Ҷϣͣתƿ¼Ҵš
¼ɳϣȳ⣬ñӸǵϣڲߡ

Ըȼ¡
Σñӵ´˳ɳɳģûģ˵

ԶҴ绰ˡԸеˣô˵ղԶŮѰԶɩͣôܾ˼ˣ
ЦһʮɽԶ
Ҳô˵ûϵԶأ鶼

ԸǸˣʴð磬Ҳôϰ塣ϰ鷳꣺ÿĹط˭ģ
˼ǮơǷƨ顣
ԸԼˣ¶ɣҾҪٿǿǣ
ǡ
ô¶


СڣԸ纰˯ˣ
⼸סңϰˡѰĥĥ
Ϊʲô
ƿñһǣ¶βㆪ¡

***

Զ˵ܰæٻԼŬŬŬˢˢǸСƢĺøС
ǽһʱ䣬ԷӰûš
֮ˣ

ٶû飬ľߣֽ̣ȦûƢرѸĴ󿧣
Ϊָٽ飬ľӴʱڱ顰ѹȡ

ľ۵ͳȦ˭ûƢ
ô죿ʡ
ܱܿͱܿܲ˵˵Ưڹ񣬶ľ˵꿴ţ
ٸѹסľӵȣǡ
ҡc㡣ľŵġͺãƽʱ᲻࣬һءίߡʹʹʹ

ʱһѵãľһУߵĹԱתͷһ沣ǽ涯һࡣ
ûһţλʦϢ𣿵˵һԸýʦһ
Ŷ˭ľʡ
񣺡ǵƬ顣

һߣľӾ͸پǰӣ˵ѸĴ󿧣µһȾư̰۲Ͱ֣һҪ˾۲ͣȵ賿ߡоҿˣⲿϷҵЪꡣ
Цıӣܻÿɲֹꡣ
ǵҲǡ

Ͼ۲͹ȻһˣӰӳǱϵСꡣٽұľӣ߿һǳµ

½½룬µȥһٽ߶һˡкλȥӰѹ࣬ľӿ¼磺㿴
ע⵽ˡ
ϵװף֣ñͦ޳չֽһԱۡ

˫۾ϣƺ١
գۣȻʹ⸱Ұʮϳ˶Էɵס

ټװûϳջĿ⡣
Ȼľͬ˧۾Ϳó˭µġ

ľӵĺֱԷժ˿ֹֿͣڶݵͣٺ󣬷賤˼¡һӵҡٵ֣ⲻǸرھôǸģˣ뿴
İɡģɵز²⣬ӦҲǾġ

СԱѾｻ
ٽ쵽⣬û˲ָ֪λµϯֻͳµ˵仰µҲû˽ݣصý
̫йԣûãжͶžƱ̽ˡ

λʦһμ
жԼƿһһףʲôҷ㡣
Ϊжǰ˷׷װĿͶ
ѰƵѹñ֡


µӰĻĶܻͶáж˿Σֱ۴ݰƵġ
ҿͲ࣬磬Ҫһ
Ѱû˵
һУ

Ǳһؼ룬ۿղ˳
ϣȲˡղſλʦſ֣һֱڿԡ
̫ᣬԶ֯ջþ

Ļ
жѰ˸̨Ҳµ¶ո߰ŤͷЩǶǺȳģ׵ĺĲϵơġвȾƵġ
кԱơġ

Աš
ٿ࣬˲ŪĿֹޣΧ롣
ľӴչ˵µǿ϶Ӳˡٺҵͷû˵

һǰȻڡ
ﱬ󾪺Ƴڳƺҹ

ͷƤ飬ͬʱϢ϶ںڰбԹ˾䡰ôըˡ
³һ
̫ˣٰοԼǵݱ˶ѡ

ӵĽŲкȻ˼ٵĴϢƫƫͷϢֲˡ

ûпʣһƬУٲץס֡˫ָ޳¶ȷ̵֡
ָƵֱϣʮ㡣

˵ںڰһ
죬Ϣʪڡ





6.     ·ܾòˣ


Աܿϻذᡣ
ӰӳǱϵķͨҲǵһηˡԱо飬ѸӦơ

ӦƵƹĿʶۡ
ȥȴȻš

ñͶһƬӰ±ްٵͷֱΪֳɫ硣
ǰǼ£ÿ˼صİ̺ۡըѵĵͷƤȻٲ֪ʱġǷƣʱ˿̣ȷȷʵʵܵһ˵
һޡ

һըƬɢԲ
ֵ˲䱻ɢ˹űԹʱûע⵽⡣ӦӦƵĹߣľŤͷû£ҡͷ²˲ء
ʪʪ֪˭亹һ㡣

֪ǣµ˲ʲôܣӽӲȳ
֪˶ã˵ɨȥȾơ
ֵɣǵӰӻվ
ˣǼ

µ˼ûסˣɫ̫ÿ
жܿź̹ˡֳ˼ӣľӸʹɫÿ˵߰ɣ
ٵͷһˮ꣬ͬѳҪߡ

ʱľҲţľӽȥҡڸˡ

ٿ˳ûطǰ̨Ҵݡ
طƫƧǷ㡣ǰ̨ϵ˼ݶڹУǷԸȰСʱ
µ绰Լͣߡ

ͣ¶ģ·ƵҹһһŹ
û߼ע⵽е޳ӰժñӣͷڵƸϣ޵ʹڿԶĳеƻ𡣴³һһǻ

Ƶ񲢲·ҪкĹϵˡ
ͣ½Ųôûߣ

ѰվֱһЩǸղŻץ˶Է֣û֮ǰ̬ȶӣüһ˲Ρ
̣ͷת𴦣ˡ
Ŷ

ٽӲס磬ĳԱߣ˳ֻͷҪҪҳŵȣ
á

ٴν
ֹͣرաڳѰ·£һȰ뿪ĳĬ˽ʮӡ
ûסüﲻߡ
Ⱦˡٴ𣬡ȴݡ

һߵʮӡ
ٴ򿪳䲻ð֮ǰ¼geneġǰĵܼдӵ˾վ״Ū̺еֶ£һˡ

ٴΰѳͣ°͸պõڴϡ
ƢʣgeneʦҪҪ¿º£


˵
ľµԣһίߡ
ֵȥ˺þƷҾͱ˲һʵˣŲṼ񡷡ȻδȫѲݵص㣬ͬҲṼĲŻ

Լ˵øϿңֻԷƮƮһ
ǲƨ
ƽʱԶ˷Ƚǿüӵ㾢ʹ

ٲҪڣͼ̺д˹Ϊһ룬Ҫ֮ͬǰһ˵롣
΢ûôֻһˣǲ䲻ȵ˵˾䣺ŵĶôˣ

֮ǰĺͬӦöǳ̸ġ
Ǹ۾Ůˣڲźã㣬ûкͬĥġ
پԼͬȻǲһأüһЦҡ

˵һ㲻ƢˮĥƵġ
Ѱ֪Ҳʱ򡣾Ʃ¥ʰǴΡ

ͣٿгƻιղЩ½½߳ꡣԶԶµѽȥ̯
µŨ˵Ƶıķͣڸ

ѹ±ȥ̯صһ룬סС·Ƶ£ϳǹˡ
ϱȳƢӦþˡ
Ѱһ

Źϵ죬ٻͷͽ˼ʻϡαѹͬһѹ˲١
ȫϨ˻ͣˣ÷·
ŲԽԽٰĴûǼ⡣ǷǴǰǶˡ

Ⱥв֪˭˵һ䣺ôʦĳ
ʦĸʦ
ָǳͫʣۣƯǸ
٣㻹ʶ˼ҵĳ
ģһɫܣBMWƺǡ

벻ϵóĳ
Ƴʻֳŵ˺޲ðԼεµıģҲˣͻȻЦ
Գ£ץˡ

ۿǲѾǰųŰ֣Эˣȥǡ̯ڳϵ³

ûü˵Ǳ̰ת˲
ٰѻҭȥٻʵĹ򣬳Ѿ֮ȥ˺üסֺݺĦ棬ԼͬһƯƹ뿪ͣλ
ץ֣æϰȫ

ǲʦ

ֱ˦˳βٲŷԼá
źӾԽԽСӰ𾪣ҲУ

Сϰõ罻پôƺ̫á
̲ס˴üۣʣû⣿
ʲô⣿˿Ҫö࣬ӾľɫһƬüڽ˵·ܾòˣ

еٵͷȻͬһֱ׳

һ·ǵķסͬһ¥ͬһ㡣
ǻؼҵĻʡ˴ݣ˽ӡ
˿ʣǻؼ𣿡
Ѱء

ǿΣʣ˳·𣿡
Ѱ˳

ؼңҲ˳·
̾˿⡣

һӳĸ߼ܡ·Сסϡ裬δĵƤͰ칫¥
ٺ˾Ʋܿ뿪꣬û˴ݡ
̶̼ӣһֱ⵽ѳĶȫһ㡣

Ծᣬ˳ľӷţû
ľӣˣôˣ
٣ҿҪͷһ[]

ҪôľӽͣͻȻ绰졣
绰ڱϣǼѰġ

һֱ۴ӼʻĻΪֱӵᡣ
ǱĶأû
㣿ôֱٸҴ绰ѰЦ
·ϵˡ˵ģĶأҾͣڷſڣɫƵǵ¡

Էᣬѡ
Ҳͬ˵ʱƽʱĶ˼ģһٹ̵Ĺͨ㡪ȻǷúִ

Ѵ˺ü
پȻһڵԼڵĴ
ɻŤͷ˼ʻ˿ڡ
ǴŰɣһˡ
ģ
أҡһһٵ

ķǡ
ĬĬ´ָľӷֲˡ
ľӣ
ľӣڳϣӵ绰ǲǴ⣿
٣û£һҴ˵еΡ
ľӣǱ˰ɣû£

ĿбӣƳۼʻ
ͷһ߼װֻһ͵͵̧󣬳бǰ

ꡪ

ٱۣ
ࡣ





7.  Χ   ʲôʱ


ٺ͵ɲʮ룬һȥ
ʻĿбӣɾ

ƢԴѹ
ٿԼ͵ĵš谵ģˣȴܿβС

һṳ̂ԲǴ̣ѱ
Ҳˣ˾мǿ˵ɾʱپȻֱĴ

ƬѾ˳ȥľʺš
˳ֳͼƬɾ
ԼԳûҪ͵˼ѵҵİȫĸһ¡УѾɾˡ
Ǳ£û˵

ӽǺ󿪿̵ͣͣƶ˷ꡣ
һ·룬ôһƢĵܸܵԼݣǲǵߵײǿл
ؿ⣬˦ϳžֱ뿪ڵĻᶼû 

ϣٻ˰Сʱľӽô͸ھһؼҵġ
ֻ˼ӣͬԶ˵˴¡
ԶķӦ֮Уֻǽڹڣӵķ־ӣѰѧŵ

***

ڶٻǵȥ顣
ǹǼ£Ī飬ٳǰϿQ7
ʱľӻû꣬¿һ߿ʦ䳤ۡ

ûһᣬO@ϸ
ٻͷñ˽컻˼£ſ֣¶ϸߣ˸СڲԶ

˭Ҳˡ
֪µҲûܣ˻ǶͿ
Ŷеͷ

geneԺ˵͵ԭԭڴˡ
Ʒ˾ôһһһӣڤһ硣

·ٴкǲǿһɫ˵ɢֺͣˡ
ûô䣬֧
˽Ӳ磺ǿ϶ǿˣҿʦĲQ7

뻹û˳ԲȥȴĹƮ
˶ޱ顣
ƮƮһۣͬĿײ漴ջأûаҪ𴩵˼

ʱڴƼϷˡ
ЩʱһһůŻǰ£ٸԼ˻һڳ
ľӵͷͷµĹҪҪ

ë⻹޷ѹ䡣
˵ãתͷĹȻıҪ˼
Сϣ˸ֻ¡ˡչȽţͷڵϣѼСɳĴС

ٿ۽޸ţִ˶
Աûһȥ˵ġ
ʱˡʮɽԶɩְ𡣿ң룬ö˺£ȡհѺͬǩ

ůݵǰάָղŵĶһδ߶·ֹˡᰥһԷɢ̧ۡ
ҪҪů˻֣Ŀƣͣڿȱߡ
¶һνף׹ʹšٿŶ䡣

һ顣
μѰ˷Ӧ¶һˣšüʲô
ůٻɳ䣬·棬ô䡣

õעжܣ᲻ʹա
ָһ̯

ʳָȴʧ¶ȡ
ٺȻĳʪģǿץһȥ궼ϴӵαװܻĳ˲ݿࡣ
ʶԼ񣬶ԷѾ˷ס

ûĴ㣬ٲǿȣתصԼС

ⳡϷѾNGΣݵòײµŴະһľӶ2Żλһ¡
ٿ۱Ҳ֪ܲܵȵľϷ

ͷ˹ӱ·üҴŴתһȦ
ʦ֮гϷҲҪôиҿ
ٵͷð

ݶӫĻ
ٵȻʶ磬ֻǲƽʱΪôľӿһϢϷŮһţȴľŮһŮ

ղ۴֪Ϊ⡣
˵˿˼Ҫָ㡣
ӦЩ赸ףķģû˦ȥࡣپ˼ΣϵĶȴԽƮ

˸ending poseŤͷҪʦҴ
û˵ãҲû˵ãסڲࣺҷһΡ

֮ʦǵָľӵģָҲˡ
ﷺ⣬Թٲ
ԼĶȿ˼˵ߣֻǵ̽̽ûʸָ

˸ֱŪΡ
Цŵʦô᲻ءֻûȥԺͰˡ
Ȧ죬ܻὲƯ
ûѹΧһƱע

ͬһ󷽣ûѣʿס
Ǽë£СȵţУ߹յü
Ȼμŵݳˣڣ״ɵʮ㷭ϣɿתӯ

е˶ó˦۵Ķͬȫͬ
ȴپ

˷Ӧ֮ǰ֣ԭʦùȻһǸղǸ̫ˣûѽ
Ҫ󲢲֣ٶʾ顣

򴽡
϶ǷǼϸܺˮ

׻ԭڻ£ֻ˦Ҫ赽
ҼһֱĿڴˣ֣ʦ˵ġ

ڴĿ⿴
ͻȻ󴫳һѱ
ô㶫˿㻹ѧᣬˡ

ɫһ󿴡
صλվ󣬶ߴھڣ֪ʲôʱʼעж
˿鲻ˬдų

֪˵ʲôݣ֪Ƿ
类Ϊֱһ˵
ֱǰǸӲӣֻڨڨ鷳ʦˣԼĥĥ

磬ʵΪ졣
ȫûᱻѰΧȥʱǰԤϵһŲĿ⡣
˵£塣
ԭָƣǻǶ鶼Ƿ

û˵ԷɫҲ΢ΣмǼñ룬̫ץˡ
λãұ٣ǳµ
˵ץˣѰζ

˵꣬ԼƺҲշӦɫóˡ

֪Ϊʲôͬǳ˵
ȴôʱ˿̣ı֮ǰࡣ

ѵöԷͬ˵䣬ٷſˣֲСµ黻ĺͬôͬСͬסլ¥ͬھӡ
һ¾ûʲô֮иСҲûʲô

ûԶĹϵ
Ĺ۲죬ԶûôҲϲϵıֹϵѹһͷԾץھ㣬ϵԶҲƽƽ̸ͬ

˵ͬˡ
ٵͷҪתȻľӳ

ھӰľüʲôʱģ
ٴҲ˼ѰƢ
ϻңԸһʣһŴɲʶ
Σ𣺡졣





8.     ɣѾˡ


䣬Ѱδһ뿪

ôˣľգۣôһھӾߣ
룬ܣϲദ
ҲǡľӶ˵ıӰĬĬ˾䣬иԵ˧С

չپľ˺
Ҳ뷹ֵĽڡ

ٰûѰŻᣬѵĻҲ˻
˵ԼŵĽ࣬ȴκ˶ƴ걻̣赸ԼޣԼκβ
ֱңҲ۵úʪ˺ü·

ľӲȥס
ŵ࣬ٲŶԼݳؼҡϿQ7ԭƽĳƽʱò࣬ҲϤǼʻ
ƻνСµؿ⡣
Ȼ·¿·ɫγӲϤϵ

δ󺺣ࡣ
һ˾ĸĿԺǿֱֱסǶ¥ȥ

˲ԥԻûʼѾһȽų³⡣̥ĥߴֱ죬һᣬ͵бͣ¥ڡ
ڿߵݶͣڸһ¥ʱžԼϸһЩ
ߴͬʱһݰ¥תһ࣬ʮ


Ӹһһٴһ¥𽥱ƽƺ˦ٻ³һ뵽ȥڴֻ

ڿڴ˶١
ȻûѰĵ绰
ǣȴԸ硣ݴµϣٴϵ£һصʱ乻ͨ绰ˡ

Ѷ
¿ڴȥӿڴָⴥпտ䡣
ֻأ
ԭ˼룬Ȼ񡣳ԿףԿףֻڳ

ݶһͣ16¥
ҹ˲Ьסţ1601βţþȫġһǳɣʱʱͷͣۿ塣

27241581
13814

ۿݱƽ16ٽŵ˺
ôһ˲䣬õݻûͷߡͷһ룬1601ڴ򿨡
㡪
˴ײڣ˵Ļѹɤۡ

һرպϡ
Ѱѹ˵ĳ嶯㡣
ꡪ
ڴ߱һָѸٻſϿèۡ

ƺŲ
ᶯ仺عèۣתּ仺ָָ棬ָָƳƽھһ

Σ

ճĬ
Ѱۿһôӣ㿪ߣ֮ǰһжϡ
ƺм棬ȣҲһ롣
װ磬ţп㻻ʱĶȹһ˫ֱֳ࣬żմ˻ңƯȴǱ

ЬءѰ÷
ٵͷһԼһСëϡԷƺ˵ӵΪǳĬĬԱŲһСˡ


ǰվŵҪԸ磬ѰԻÿϵı鿴Ȼʣ迨ʲô
˶û˵

˭ûٿڣϵĽŲԽԽء
˴Ŵʣң
ûַ
ȥš˽г

죬ԽԽ
Զһʣô죬ҵǱ
žһ϶˫ʿЬ
Ѱۣ˵ôЩʲôˡ

ˡ룬˻ش˵֮ǰСſڲײһôߣҭ˻ȥ
Ѱһһء
٣
ҲûеϾ˻ӱδ󺺵ĳ

ļ룬˴ɤӺ
磬ûǲǲڼң
ڼҾأӾͲء

ŰѽЬ̧ͷ
һ

ͼѰ࣬һ˵˾ؿڡ
ԭ࣬ӸŶڼѰǻôչһ㶼ĹϽΧ֮ڡ
ߣһӴС

һʱ侹Ȼ뵽Զ˵ġлչŵӾС
ɣѾˡ

ٺȻЩţÿʣǮˣ



Ǹһı顣
֪һ㣬Ǽһ㣬ʣǷô˵ϲܱ£ǡ
ʲôɻ
ϲҡ

û¸Լ£Żϲ
ָһʣ¶¨ӡ
һͱԸȽǰ¡ǰȻǵܵܵĳܲҶˣֻء


Ѱתӿ輸ʲôһ
ֻڿ׳һ߷˹
æҽס񾯸ô졣

ĻСѣ롣
180315

18.03.15
ָնסͣٿƻصôһڣ˿̹ĵĴڡ
ΧէȻ˵㹻˾ġ
ȴʱʱ̣̿ÿķʽԼ

㶵ı鱻۵ס
״Ʋͷ˻һػֻ⿪棬ɫͼϻиĿĵĺɫϽʾģʽ
Ű˼Ļappʶͬװһû˿Ӧ

ü⡭ʲô
ѰƺͻȻʲô΢ɲسǣˡ
ܴ绰𣿡
ܡ

һô
Զ⡣
㣿ʡ
Ѱ𣺡˵㡣
٣

õĳĬ֮ٵĺƢٽ㣺вɣⶼʲô

ͻȻէ
ϴǲڼң
ʲôʲôûңЪᡣ

Ⱳûôǰ180315ڡԶ˼һҲԲɳ
շغ㶨ɣѰƽ÷·˹ˮ档
ĵԸͣһС˰ġ

㡣

ǵһͬ˵˵˵ʱġֻڻⲻԣϲԣĶԡ
ٰŶͷʣôɡ

Ȩ˳ȥ
˼ԣǵ飬

Ѱͼֲˣ̬Բ
취һڴȥҵңûȤţ˵㣬ôҵҵñ
еġ⸱קǸ˶ǷûãȻƨˡ

ٺԥͷãȰɡ
Ѱ

˰Σʣ𡣡
쵽ЬܶˣΪ鷳
쵽˶ߵһʱĲ
쵽һɫ̹ڶ糿

Сʱǰھ飬˿ڷᶨظˡ졣
Ȼ죬ƾʲôЩ¡

νƽô׾ͱơͻȻЦɲǾȻ޷ʱĳ
ץͷƢͷһȥҡ

û˴𻰣ҲǴû
϶˲串סص䣬¡

հûãűƿһ˿С졣
Ѱƿľȥ
ʣܽһҵϴּ𣿡

Ŷܰٽ΢顣

ں󾱴
׸֮ļ϶Լҧ棬㡣





9.     ˶Ь


Ǽ¼ңȹǼ
ղǽڵİԭľɫƹ׹һƬȻ̨Щ۸̨߰ϵĳƷҶƺĳֹɡ
ǽ䣬ٿ
ൽ˵ļ̣죻˸ź̵ƵĿ͡

ڴЩδ֪򡱰ʱʶʣ㲻е𣿡

󲹳ܺͨŵ֡

Ѱ֮ϰһʽ
Ե˵ʱȻһ㼥˼û
˵ء

˼һ¡
ֻܰŪ˵ˣǲ©֮ġ
ҪͲǳϵĵԣҪû

źŶһתš
ڰǰȵ飬ϴּ䡣

1601ͬһ෴ϰԴȱ߲СţȻ͸Ϥľβ˻¼ҵļѰ
һ֮ǱߣԼߡ
Ϊ̫ײͰűߵļӹġ

٣
ջϵľŲʣԣϴּġ
мǲ㲣վǵ˼ѰߣǿͨͲ³˼ժ˶ûʧڲǽ

ٸϽ˳䣬ойɷӹ
ҹ硣ڼѰһͷһηײһ˰̡
ƽʱĶ̷ţУϸ

ȣֱֱתҡ
ſԥƬ̣Ųͣڼ֮⣬֪ʲôʱתһűߣƤʹղŲߣ֪ˣ

£Ǿý˵Ҳ̫ʡ
ϾĶôƣ˲ӭκ˵á

ٳȥ⼾Ѱˡ
ĳĬڼѰӦ˺¡Σһ˸㣬ҶȫûȤ
ţĪ
һ˵Ůѡϵġ

ˣȫռ
绨Ķʮ걻֮Ϊϡ˭ˡܴ󣬵ڿżѰ̲ס͸ֳ֣ʢԴװ

Ѿ͸
ٺݺݵһۣϴּš

˺ܾá
ʱ˺ЩϻʱĶȹࡣԭһؼҾͻϴģڣѡ

ؼǣžת˼Ȧͼҵһ˿ϡĺۼ
ҵˣ
Ҳ
ƽ޹һ䡣

ϴ˰ٴλص
ԭĵط˶ѶϸôںɫƤɳϣ벻עҲѡ
ɫ̺ŵƵ˶㣬TԼһȫ¶

ǻ˻ڴɤ˵
ٱѶصɳϣһ¾ɢˡ˶ٽϴּ䣬Ѵ˻ϡȿģ·Ʈ񳪴Ϸ
·ȫһ̵õɻճʪҲʧ

سɳϣǺС̺ӡ
ң˫һƽ
̫ˣ룬һС

賿㡣
Ѱˮ

ֻһյصƣԿ
иӰ˯ɳϡ
ë̺߻ڵأҲͿɫױߵ˶㡣Ⱥܳ¶һֺ⣬Ө׷ۡ

ջߣƿˮͷȥ
˲֪ʲôʱˣֻһ̵١

Ѱʣµİƿˮص輸ԣι
ӦһҾס
Ů˯ú죬ҲǶĹͣ˿Ӧ˯ˣԵë׵ġ

ϥǹЩꡣ
ˡ
ھʧ֮񽥽ϰˡ롢õעӣǰһӱܡڣȻ֪޾ôá

ٴιһԷȻûзӦ
Ѱپᣬǰƿˮֱҡ

***

ߵ㲻پˡ
ѹһȥͷֻ˰ֿտգͻȻʶԼ1601ɳ˯ˡ
Ƕ̿ë£͡˶㡣

𣬻һȦʱĵطûҵ
쵹ˡ

ɳյèϿһۡ
ʮ¥ȰӰûСǻ˲֪ߵġ

Ҳ֪㣬Ӧò
վűԥƬ̣ؿֽ˼ҵ˶㣬ܵ˵һŶԡ

Ų輸һȦ룬ʲôдܻĶû
ֲҷԷĶա

1601ű򿪣Сĵ̽ͷȷȡȫ¥ݶûȺ˵Ӱ

˿մһȣݶһͣʮ¥
ǻֻѸţֻһ϶͵͵۲졣ȴһ󼱴ٵĸ߸Ьŷ⿴ϤӰ

ľӣٽ
ľԭؼɲתͷ٣

ľӲֹһˣľӵܵܣԼһȺҵƷˡľӾһҿôõ绰ûˣ⣿
ŮǱ֣˵˺ص¡
ɻ󣺡ң
˷ֿǻúõôͻȻʲô

ٱʮ¥ĳ紵øѣҵһĹ¡ĳ¥ڣͣʵţͶߵҵ
ҵ鿴ԭ򣬵ϵֻա

㣬ĳһαͶߡ
ҵڶ̽ʱֳⷢû˲ڣֻԿȴ˳ϡ

¶򵥡
ͷȥһʧĵطǵݿڡǵ1602ţûˣ¥ݿңûˡ
ҵû취ֻһͨе绰¼ˣľӡ

էһ˵ʧˣľԼܵܣˡ
һ봵ų磬ľֱ̾·϶㱨

һ˵ٺȻ񣺡ֻأ
ֻ类ûˡľû
ֻҵñ˵꣬ͻȻס


Ȼأǻ˶ˣĶץȥ

תҵǵûз֣ĸ˴һ¥¥ݼɷǼʱߵģˣСû
ҵ
ҵľӷһģ

˳ͷȻ1601ſվһˡ
һűѵĲͷɫ뵡ˬͬһһģһһˣڣ㱨ˣ
ǳġ
ٴ𣺡û
ˡԼ

֮йص
ľشתһܲ˶ϺЬϡͶԷģһԡ
ȻľӵܵҲˣɫס

Ҳҵˣ¡
¡ˡ

ľһ֮סһȺˣûˣ˲Ÿλˣ˰λ
ľӵܵܲʹһϣҵһ·ͽݡ

ڻָ
ľӳŵ棬ȴ

ͷ˵
˵Լծһ£һ¡ǸѹߡһȥԶҲ֡
Զ֪ôԲôһ˻ء
ǣٻһתУȱǮĿԿŵĺͬġҿˣ겻ͣҡ

㡣
ǵһαôƺٷֲòԵسԼΪ㣬ǵˣһǳĿ
е·

˻һķ
ף˵ϤС
ֻ֣롣

***

ٲ˱ľѶƹһ
ܵҲԱߣĿƶԼ
һֱĴ͵÷ǳ

ôһԶĵ绰
ԶȻľɰʵ׵ĸԣ¶Էģ¶ˡһθѣֻ˵̫ۣ˯ȥû
ԶȻûʡ
ٸ飬ȹ绰һʮ롣

ͨ绰һҵ
ϵƵҵˣҵҲϳ˶Է˵ɫγʱ򣬾ȷ˼סַӦΪǷÿͣ˷С

ҵ֤¶һΣеڶΡ
õҵı֤¶㷭ƪ

1601
Ѱϵʦ֪СǮ͵ЩƦåĿ񻶡ѹɿڣһ䶨Ǳ߾ͣˡ

ɳϣⲦ˸绰
ε绰ͷᣬʣôˣҷ㻹ǰɣϻػҸӡɡ

ѰûǰԣֱӵٰҸӡ
˻˵һ㻹ˣ
ǰʣǵСô

ȥˣǱʡ
ѰͷɳϣŵЩåңʲôû˼
㻹˵ְҵåۻ͹¡Էͬ飬˵Ҫ˰»ȥ

ˡѰ˵ұ׷
Ϊ˱һ׷

͵Ӧһ˵ϵƤôֲ
ͷ⣺ʲô
ʲôҲͰҹû¶˷ŵҹ塣ƺ뵽ʲôһΣһηŰꡣ
Ǳ߳Ĭ죬̾İ㣡





10.     ¥ġ


죬ûȥ顣
żݣø֣ʦһѵ

Ҳżûŵʱϡдè
Ÿ¿ΣһȺ۾ˣʾ¡
û˧磿
ҪûҪǩ
ĳĳԱôòÿǲǳ

˵ʵٿʦ·ʱࡣ
лһʣ˶ˡ

֣ʦ·Χ˰ϢϢϢȥݣһϵģʦŰӸϰ
һȺһɢ

֣ʦְȨˣҲͷʣô˧û
У鶼ǡЦҪ´Լȥ
ҾˣϲƯ

˵ֹŰ칫ߣ׷һˡ
ղߣֻˡ
֣ʦһЦŶӯӯġ

ӯӯԶãһ࣬ʵҲ
֮ǰٸƼš

ӯӯ㣬ڵұߣĸ첲ɩӣЩûˡٲҶ绰ˡ
ôˣٿЦҲҪ˭ǩ
ҲŲҪӯӯ˵ҸȯҴȥ㿴

˵Ŵ׶ȯʲô
û壺ôû˵
Լ϶Ͳȥˣ͵⣬Ҵ˵Լһڼ̫ġôҸǲǶһ
ٿ

ӯӯüƱǰ
ſ壬ҵ໬ѩ˶ϸƽҲǿǰƽȥѩһҵమá
⻬ѩֻµף̫䣬³
ſЪҵˣԲŪ˳ҵβ

ԶȥΣȻͶá

ֱͬһϡ
ӯӯ˵ʱԶϢպùĩû¾ȥɡ
٣һء
Զ¾ͲȥɵģƱֵǮ
٣ô˵ҾƫҪȥˡ
Ǳ߷˱飬˵Уǰӣڼּҡ

ֻӯӯСۿԼ
ţɻ
ɩӡӯӯһҸ˵û
ʲôȻû
˵㵽ʱڼҵȣ㡣

ӯӯĳʵǲҹάپڿЦ
ˣȥɡʱô죿
ӯӯ̬ȼУȥ㣬ô˵ˣ
پܾĻᣬ˵һˡ

ͬʱ֣ʦͷߺ٣зÿ͡

˺һż𣬽н鹫˾˹̸ӵ¡Ǽڳд֮ǰסǡ
ƽڵĵڶ꣬؝ӷӴ٣ֳ˼ˣѷˡԼȰ˵ᵽ˽ҡ

ٻҪϰ࣬ŸڵĹԢ
£Ҳڴ

ȣȥ
н鿴ϲüңС㣬۸Է̸ˡŰʮ򣬵ּۡôԤڲɣ
ôã⡣

ǰϱءнʵںã̲סͬ˵򷿵˶࣬ͽ֮ǰбĿͻҸ߲Ǯһƽֲַѧ֪ʲô硣
Ӧһ䣺ϲ㰡ҵ
нٺֱЦ
ٿúͬԼ´ΰ췿ʱ䡣

磬ˢȦͿнֵߵߵطȦȥס

н黹Զܵġ
˳ֽ˸ͼԶЦҸ˭ˡ
Զʣȥˣ
٣԰ϴ˵ǸۻһЩְ֣ؼҵš

Զæûء
°㣬ֱС̽ͷһұŵĺõǰ

Сߴߴ˷ܵ˵ġ
ٺòм䡣
ߴﹾࡪʦߴﹾġߴﹾдšܡ

һСƬϱдţ
ԶףҼС١
ܡ

ΪأֿǰеĲʹÿ죬ȥҲ졣ٷĦſƬԵʼԶԶ
˻ȦԶĵ绰ˡ

յˣʡ
ٵ˱˻ԣһôƨ
ͷǡöܵ˽졣

ڰ칫Ҿһˡ
С˵˸㣬гݣӦû֣ʦȥֳ
ҪȥֳԶü㡭

ǵٵ¾ھԺ
˳ΪҼԭ򣬸ΪÿȥԺƲסؽţ٣ؿ쭡

ٲµԶĵģοûϵ֮ǰҲȥΡûʲôرķӦ
Զ͵ӦһΣź١
ţ
ҪʵڲУҰŵ쵼˵֮ǰ

Ǹرӡ
˵ò־䳶
ٶȰοû¡ҲǻľȥôֻҪ̨ôʵûʲôоġʱҴ̨±Ҿûôˡ

̨
֣ɻ󣺡ôˣ
ûʲôԶĬΣ˵̫ǿԼпջȥ㡣
ٸŵ绰ͷ֪

绰õؼҡ
õؼϣԱӯӯƱд¸ĩ
ٵͷõ壬̨ڽ϶ġ

***

ûȥЩ죬ѰҲûȥ
ٳգԸ綼׼ʲô

ƩܣѰĶûȥ
ڼҹߵдЧ

ԸƵĴŰţŽգʰӡֽ֪ЩЩ
ʰĹԸڰ̨ˢš۾һգȻֲ輸϶ɫëޱ߶

㶣ģ
ɳġ̱ͷɻҾ͸ˡ
٣ڡ

Ը̾û˵ǸȦ˺þá
ֱ̧˱ԼĶ̷˳һѹӦð

ⷢͱ˲輸۵λá
Ѱҳһ۾Ϳˡ

ԭĬ˰Ρ
ôЩȥûңžصС
˰ɡ

ӺŴ򿪡
ޱűñӵķ
16¥ĳȴ1602ſھƬ̣˼ôȥƺǲԸΪЩ·򵥴ֱعŰϡ

귢ͻȻ˵Ѱ
ѰľͷǱˣԶǸŰȣ¹װ㣬뵡ɢԶװģ糾ͣ·硣

Ѱһû˵
ԶüȻǿŮ˵ķŰѡ

Ѱ÷ǽͻʲô
˵¥񵽵ġ

Զÿɷٵлˡ
̬ȹں㣬û˷ִӸղ¥ݿڳ̣żѰ1601ֱ1602





11.     ԭǰϲ͵İ


һʱš
ˣȵذһôˣ

ı鶼дϡ
Զͼһ˿ţ£ɣ󿴵ĽֻǾȶѡ
Ҫߵƣǲҡ

Сȥڣɰק˿̰Զʣô˵һͻˡ
Զ㣬ͻˡ
Ǳ߲æ

سڣɹôܲæ

ֻзɻȷȷʵʵվԼǰ㲻Żɢ
ԶĿ𣺡Ĺеġ

ӹأõúõزڲƿɽΡϵ̨ϣƱ
Ȼ
Զٵĺףˣȥʰ¶
ʰͷȥģ
Ц˵ȥѩô

ѹӯӯǵýڼҵţԭ֪һ
ǻѩô
ɻ󣺡ڣ
ﻹûůԶװڱϣȻǰһˣö㡣֮ǰ˵ȥǱߵȪƵô

ѩʮ⣬ǰȥʱҲᶺһ
˵¿һȪƵ겻֮ǰһ䣬û뵽Զһֱš
ϲǱҪԤġ
ǡԶ˵ҽԤˡ

ȥʰ
תŲԶֽһ١
Ťͷ
Զ֣һɫģˡ

ʶԼĺס
˸βõ̷ԶϵĶͬ
ǰЩҲɫˣٲ죺ôǣ
ղŽʱŷġ
Ȼ򣺡ԭˡ

̬Ȼ˶ʧһľϲ
Զ˻̫ѨŵĶ

ں䣬ֻҪڿСӽԽԽ
;кܷԶֲס˻ۡ
ʱپɳһͷطһ־

˯ѣɳô˯ˣ
ˣٷ飬ʱɫ棬Ҫ˯ʱ仹硣ջôֲۣǷҪȥȪɡ
Զ˵ȥ

ֲ˼ʻ

ȪƵ껨һСʱſֻΪѣǶԽ˶еšϴεĲ컹Ŀȷ᲻ݡ

Ƶ꣬ǰ̨˵䷿ʱһ˲㶡
װ·ȥԶԵΪƽЦЦʲôأ֤ܲ˰ɡ
ôݸ󻺻˿

סյ䣬ľӾͿϷƵĸϢ֮ǰ´ˣǻǺŨôԶΪ죿
٣԰Ҳû뵽ͻȻ

ľӣǺǣǰɷǰɣҲˣҿǲȥѩģ⡿
٣ˣǷֿס
ľӣ
ľӣ

ľӲţٸԼڴϵƬ
ľãһĴָ
ľӣ[Ĵָ]飬ǵġ

ôһҹ
Զ׵ˣܲԼᡣҡ
ˣȼٵġ
˵ԼȪ˯˹ȥ

ڶԶھƵ
ڴҪ˱ȣ˹ؽסҪȥѩûôʽǼ򵥵˶װչ͸ķɫγ˽ơ

ٿس࣬ŵ˵ôôᡣ
ԶЦ֮ǰϣ
аɡ棬°ͿҲûôӡ

Զ꣬꼴ʮء
ϣٵĸ׺؝վͬһͱ˵ˣڲ˼֮ÿͬӽ飬Ҳ˳˼˵ٵȵȡ
Ǹܲѣᣬչˡ

ԹͣһͬƵĽͳȥѩ
ٶͨȤ󣬻װֱԶȥ̨ѩ

һһͣ͵Ӱܼһſȸ
ǰӴ󣬼ȥȴҲ㾺Իѩ
ڣҼ֮һѩ˹ֻڳҵĸо

ٰ£ûôǿȫΪϡ
ڽǽ⣬̸ߵȴ
̸䣬Ӷüѧɵ񣬸ûٿ˵ء

ą̃ӹһӰûκԤƵͻȻ׹
˲˸žٵҲͬǵӰһᵽɤۡѩΪǰ·һɽ硣У䣬С
ߡ
Ⱥ

Ҳϲɾıݡ
ǽĸɽٽԽҰסˡɫѩĽɫӡλε9
ٶȣתʱѩĭҪȱ˸һЩ

棬Զ̲סͷʣ¼Ӯ
9Űɡټûԥеְҵġ
棬ƴеҪ仰û˵
ҵѡĶô氡

9Űܼ
Զۿһ

һJҶƮ
9ŷȺܴ󣬼½
̲סŽţ˼ȫڶԻϡ˼Ŀסֱյ߽ǰ9Ŵֱ䣬Խյߵ˲Ưػ˸Уɲס
ŵء
ΧڵĺҲ

̲ס֣Զ˵ɣҾ˵9Ӯ
ǣ۹׼ԶһۣӮҪʲô
ʵıһʱ
˵Ǿ㻬Ȧɡ

ڵб±Ϊ㣬ҲǻɽΨһ·Ҫ뻬ѩµ͵ĵط
һһСĵػ£ΧȺҲԽԽϡ١

һ̧ͷղǻٽɽ³ء
һ³໺С
һЦ˵9ǲְҵը˳ȥ9žںһ³ϡһˣִڿƺ˵˾ʲôͷߡ
پǾã˵ǾܿŵĻ
Ȼôţ˾ȫ¶д

£иСб¡
Ѹջעû³Զµĺۼһ·׷ȥ

Сʱ˻صɽ
ˣοƿˮһƿݸԶˣ治ˡ
Զĵ۰ɣ
û¶ͷ˺üڣҪҪٻһȦ
ˣ㡣

ĵӫĻزղŵıüͷи9šһͷطţܿʱ޵Ĳ
ͬղϿʱĸоһη壬ҪƵġ

Զע⵽棬Ȥԭǰϲ͵İ

䡣
ԶһȺ˵˵ЦЦǸղŲμӱˡ϶۵ţֻ9ŶȺ⡣
̸ۼɣ˺9Ŵ
ƫͷƺ壬̧ժ˻Ŀ¶һ˫ʮۡ

ټͬһϳ۾ˡ
ϳˣղһϵĻת˵ǺΥ͸С԰ƺˣڵʵʵҲǲסϵĿ

һ۾룬Զ˶١
ãº͵ԭ˰





12.  ΢   ˯һ


ͬǲʱ򣬼Ѱƺϳǡ
Ա߸պ˸ƿˮҧ׽ӹͷꡣƿͰ˲䣬Ҳƫͷǡ

һƿҽͰ
šüʲô£˵ô⣿

˵⻰ûʲôëҲ糣
ֻǡǡ㡱ʱԶݵ
ô棬ǣԶ˵
֪⣬ܾԶҧˡǡ֡ȥԶüۣͬһ

û쵽Ҫ廰ĵز
Ϳվοűߣ˼䡣ѰƢ粻˵˼ӷҪߣԶû
ԶˣԶջĿ⣬ѯ٣תתٻȥ
ûð

һֱƵĽͳǲɽ·
ϲ裬ٸ¶ûֻѻѩ޷ͷɿ˳ůú㣬޷ûӣȵˣ¶ĺɫץ¡
ûһԶҲ˳

˶ˣӼʻתͷͬԶ㲻ĻҪٵһˡҲԼѩƵġ
Զһû¡

7񳵣˲֡
ٺԶڼʻߵһţλãһλǿյġ

ӣ˾ȵĵ˳֡
ڿ֮ǰٴ֪ϻôɵ顣ɽһΣɽؾƵ껹Ҫżһء
ţѰѾ˳

ѾǸղѩͬǼ£ͬʽͬ깭ᣬ΢΢·𻹴ѩĺѹ⳵˭ƵģôȽαһϢ

ӻ
ԶʣҲסǣ
˱ۣȴ֪ġɢţסһ

֣϶
Զٴοڣûʲô°ɣ

ʵͻȻºŵ˺Ȼۡ
СǼ鷳ݵúܡԶʳͬʱѰ϶ٰϵתԶ
ϾŮѣô
ɡ
ֻ֮٩̸ʡ

ĿƮƮӹٵķͣܳʲô¡

Զк˵ʱӶżѰмϢһƳ׽׾١ԶЦЦû˵ֻתʱסٵ֡

ǻڿֻ
ܵһֻı˵¶Ȱ̧ͷôˣ
û¡ԶˣϻȥҲۡסһ졣

ɫԶʱüۼжµƣ롣
ٴţҶԡ

صƵǰ̨ǰ̨ǽԤԼֻһշʱ򣬸ո˵õĳֱ˼
֮ǰʱûסֻԤԼһϡ
ǿĽţԶûϵǾˡ
סɡ룬̬Ⱥܼᶨػظ·̫ˡ

ǰ̨ڵȴʣҪĻΪԭ䷿𣿡
Եġ֮ǰش

λٱЩһˡ
ԶֳڶʹĿ⿴βԲƽֱϸǵһðŮкƽôõһˡԼã

ڵݼ丩˵Ҫǽţ˯ɳϾˡ
ȻĶһˣš
Զ˴

˵ʱ⡣
˲ԼͬȥݸȪһƣȪķŮһƬϢ

ȪˮɣȵͷΣܿͻԡ³
ԶӰҪ˱ˮŶϡǰһƬʽͥԺСˮǰ˼յ΢⡣࣬ҲΪ٣Եøˡ

ٵ£һһˮ
̼㷲ƽࡣ

ͥԺһȻŲ
ΪԶѭŶȥǡÿüҰվڹӰ紦ˣûٹ
Ƭ̣ɺںڰ
Ϊž룬͵ǼʱѾˡ

ûٹͷĶȴͥԺС磬ʱʱӷˮ

һ̵֧ʱ䣬Ųˡ
ͬԡ£ɫơС¶棬ŲҲ¶ţӴеǡ
ü۵ӣӦ̻Ҹס
ɣλãϾͰһ

Ǽ⻺˵㱡ζ̵ͣ࣬ٵָڰաʲô˵Ҳƫƫ˿ڡ
Ǵѩ𣬼Ѱͬ˵ĵһ仰
ʣ⣿
ҡͷ
šͷ棬ת뿪

պ֡
ٵĵУĶ˵
Ǳų⣿᣿ᷳ
İһƿ˾룬Ӳ

Ƭ̺Լˡ
СƢһֱô

ٱ̺ˮŲֻˡһŤͷԶվڲԶͬƿˮҡҡˣƿˡ
ˡüۣҶˡ

ߵߣֱĲƿüǱģ䣿
Ȫȫȡٴ
ŶСȰ
Զ˵

һĻѽˣٺȻò˼
Զ˿ں񹥻Ӻӵס˵һͻȥɡ
е̣СӦ£á

Ųȣһʹ
ȻԶĿͣǽظϨ̵ϡζѾɢˣҲˡ
ʲôÿģ

ٲ᲻һѣʣʲôء
ûʲôԶЦЦӵ̺ټ˳顣
𣿡ٶⲢûȤֱԣ̻𣿷ǲš
㲻ϲˡһ㣬˵ԺҲǵٳ顣

ƿˮ꣬ɢ˲١
ٻȥ·ϻ˸ãԶЦáֱԶҲһ²ȥ¥»طֻж̶̼ʮ·һ˵Ҫˢϴּ䡣

˭ûԷĽš

ٶԶžӣ0.5٣̡
˰ѳ쵽Ժɫԡ³ĵݰסյ¶ߵƤϾ

ͷӲ϶⿴Զڴϣ˹ط顣һҳһҳС
žӳˢ

ԡﶯϡ
Զ濴ưȣȴͬġҳһӣȥȴһ㶼ûࡣˢƽȣ϶ֻ죬涯ͣһ£˺ĭ绰
̲סü۵ײЦ⡣

ݰԡͻȻһײ
վſڣǻմ˵ĭһ˲տܿ챻˵£ڵûȥ

Զٿ
۵׵Цƺһ룬ͬҹһͬɢˡ





13.     ôǰ˺ס


ȪƵ굽ҽԺһСʱ·̡
ٺԶϵʱҵĵѾˡѯ˻ʿ̨ҵ؝棬ҩľŬ۴ֻĻ

ٱһȻͿˡ
˿ǻ衣ˡ
؝ûƵʲôиβѡ
˭ҹĽӵҽԺ绰ģðɣǲǳԹ͸Ⱥ̫̫ȥˣ

؝û˵
Ƴֽһˣ˲ˣԶˣǸղһ𣿡
ͻ졣Զ𣬡ȥȪˣһ𡣡
Ŷæɣ

ȥ¥³䡣
㴲ڣʱͲûؼʰˡ˶¥؝Ѿ˼ĵ˭ҵС˭ȥʲôʲôʱ򣬽˻顣˭ҵĴ˭ʲôʲôʱ˺ӡ
һͷۣԼ؝һۡ

ĲӣԶӵš
ü΢壬ź˵ʱ̫ͲӰϢˡ
؝Ͻʹɫһ͡

ͻ£ȻñǸ
Ѿ߿գҽԺĵƹ⻹磬˿᲻ϢӪȫưˡ

Ĭ͵ͣԶͬϴҹһԹȻʲôû˵ֻϳʱ̲סͷָĴǣôˣһġ
Բ𰡡ٵǸ

Զջָٿص̵ͦıǼ⣺ʲôء¥ȥɣпջٴȥ档
ٲ죺Ҫˣ
ţǱ߸ղ˵˵£ѾǩĻƱˡ
㡣Ͻ
ãչ˺ð̡Һ͹˾һ𡣡
û˵ʲôᱧ˱˼ǵøҷϢ

վԭأԶٻȥ
Ӹո𲽣ͻȻɲƣ¶Ĳ

ԶƺЩԥ٣ϴ˵һ䣬˳㿴ŵ㼾Ѱ
ţ
ҿЦġԶ

û¶ʲôҪģֵǰ˵һ顣
ͷҲﲻʲôæ
УˡԶࡣ

βƽʧҰ
Զֻ˶̶졣죬ʮ˸Сʱϡ

Щ룬ʲô
ľӵ򣺡˵
ľӣַ˯ˣ
ľӣܹӻ[]

٣
Ͳľӣһ򿪣ˡ
ֻٰؿڴġ
ˣ˵ͷȻֱ

***

һܺ󣬺؝Ժ
ηǳûؽ⣬ǰ˽ӵ˹Ԣ؝ֲ˵˿ڳáʱ䣬סǶû䣬Ҳ⡣

Ϊ˸ţûܲμӵݡ
֣ʦ˼٣ڱпңʱʱȥ˾飬˫ݻһζûżѰ

żۣ˵ǰЩûСƺǸıһƬزû˼Լдȫµģž뿪½½֪Ǿgene

֪᲻Ŷ˧һӭ
ô֪˧ûժ֡
~˧ͺǷ˲һһԷ˶˵ˡΪһŵأ
ļٵģ˧вŻǽͨô

һԳ°ԺҪɢȥ¾ۼ
񾣼ͱڣУ׵磬ȴղסȫĶ
ͨ׵˵һѸĵܵܡ
뵽Żûǩµĺͬ̾˿ֳԹ

Թ飬Ӿؼң˼Ѱ
ǸӣĿһУˡ

ֻʱﲻֹ٣к؝
ֻһť؝Ǵе飬еͬкѽ
ˣ˵ġ롣

Ȼ˼Һúø؝һ1601ĹƢܵܡҲˣ؝ûҪҲȥͷһͷȡ
뷨ʱֻ
˭֪ǽվɫӲһ룬Ƭ̣Ӳصá

٣
Ȼ;Լ֮ǰܵ֡

õۺٴǱ߿Ī˵
ŴƽۣͫƫǳëŨܡҪԭͶǡһ겻µ˻ѹ¶˵ί˽ӵס
ѰšüӲ

ú؝ڣѺһס
Ҳסʮ¥𣿡
ѽھӰ
ǼҸհã̫ϤԺܾ鷳ء
Լһ˾νӶ԰еĳĬһȫεǢϵͳֻҪϣһȻֹۡȻ¡ȻͨŮˡ

ݣѰҡ
؝ͬԷ֣ٻᰡ

һμھӣ؝Եú棬Ÿ˵Сͺ࣬Ҳһס
衭ٱܿһλ䣬ôί񣬡ˡ
؝ˣôᡣ
ģ؝Թ̾˿ġ

룬Ǵ˸Ԥ룺ʱ򲻴㣬ȥ͵ǸСѡ
؝Щҿû˵ôҽ

û
Ҳֻ

ĳ߻ؼң؝˫˲ٲߡٲɲͣ衣ʲôӣôôˣ
؝ųѴ˿п˰

Ǽݹɷǳ򵥣һ굽ͷϼϼԷһԻ󣺡˭Ҫ
С؝˵סһġ
٣

ʵڲװ첻ڼҵʱ򵽵׷ʲô
ͼѰżܴͬһݸǻˣȻ˵ϼԷ
ĳһ˲䣬Ԫѵ
؝˶ţҰѱҴʱ򣬳ǽˡ

ٷ·Ρ
ǿ궥һ뵡ɳ˼Բ£޳ֱͬϵһǷ
֮⣬ûټڶˣܰѷдϡ

òذNSֱݹȥҪ𣿡
Էɫ㡣

ȻԼҳԷˣо仰˵ĺã˵
ٶźֱȻ˵geneʦ㿴ֱ
Ѱ̧ۡ
㿴֮ǰҪǩĺͬ
Цһ񡣡

ûˡ
ӣߡ
ϳţڰѱ˳裬֪˭ô룿
ھӰ؝̨ǰ˹ؼˡ

ٶһȤôģ
Ҳûô
؝⼸ס⣬ûʲô£ͼ決ŶСͦ׵ģССȥš
СŴģȥţ˵Ҫ
ӲŽ£Ҳüͷ˵лл

؝еֲˣƤŨ
Ǵʲô䣬ãûͷû˵һ䣺̣ôе衣

˾ͱøԡ
؝Ķܵ˵ĲãȰӵʱٳһΡ

Ǻ؝ա
ȥʣԲۣҪҪС

һߵűͻȻͷ裬˸˵֮ǰйϵҵıgene
؝ȣɣ
ĲˣŴλ˼ۣۣôȷʵͦҵʡǲǸˣ˼ҳԷˡ

룬ͬûǩء
ÿɷ񣬻صϷˣû棬ֻǰزŪֱŰť

ʣ𣿡
ѰƤû̧㡣
أ
Ҳ㡣

ûȻǰСڡ
ʼ磬س㱨؝
תιһ

ι
šüҲ̫Ӧ衣ܲܲҪˡ

ٿһòȻɫüҡ
ղź؝ĿСС˵̣е衣
ôǰ˺󣬻ס





14.  ѿ   ʲôҪ̸ô𡣡


ٲŶƤŨʲôִ
ԸҲˡ

؝ָòԼ˺üҪסȥ
ԺȥŵĿԺܵ͡
Ŷһ£аҸ˵

˲ͷ򴽣ּһ䣬ί㡣

̫ˡ
һԭ㻹òȥǵöԷƵƵü㡣
һ仰ƹԭα¶

ٹ´ǣŲس
͸СڵƢǹצģˣ£ֳϡһԼı׼

˼ӣ؝ȥ䣬֧°ضšյϵƤһ㣬硣
ٵָٰգ淴Լ
룬һǻ̫ᣬϣҲǵλڰԼˡơࡣ

һ㲻
Ҫ˵˭ûء

ͣ؝˺ܶˡ
һѰֻںǰյƤŨأһȵøɸɾȻ

ͳԱˣôֻѽ؝šüͳôһѹֲ֡𲻺˼Ժʲôн˵
ָָԼң
ǰǲһ

ں؝֪񡷵ıഴ٣ǼѰӦͷ˵һ޿ɺǡ
؝¿ӣСѰ԰ɣ
ûõԷĻӦ͵ĬϣԹ˵˲ٹϵеǹҡ֧ܶԱ˵ֻһ֧ѣҺ˵ȴܴİְĺõľ֧裬ϧΪһ¹ʲˡΨһĲǻǰ¼ȥԣʲôû߲ã̶Ҫ˵ˡ

˭Ҳû뵽؝ͻȻ˵ôһ
·ֹͣ

ͬһռ䣬ȴ˼졣
ڶݵʧ֮󣬸ǰաûü֪؝ͬ°ֻûһƲôԴһϷҪԷѼϼһ㡣

Ž֮˵ĹƢҪƷ졣
ֻ·Զ⡣

ӵ³˳؝ڣԺٺúý͡
ԭѾߵſڵ˺Ȼ۽ޣһӦ؝Ļ
һʱ֮ٸ㲻ڷܣʲô˼

ҽڰ͵⣬ȸ߽ͣǸ˼ûǰͰ
Ѱ䲻ȵؿ˵š
ôˣŤͷش
д֡ңš

٣
֪˲ʲôƢô֮֮ˡ

аɣҵĴٺƢƲƲ죬Ȼ뵽һ£̲סʣǸЩûҹ㣿

ѰĬ˰Σ㡣
ٴӦ
ȥϧˡ
β

ȥίɡѰʺ㡣
٣

Ӧˣб紵ϸȡ
쿴ȣû1601ǴɡͲ˰ѺɡŵϢһɡǶǺڵġ
м

ڣꡣ
Ǿ䡰ŰʵѾߣݺ˻ȥ
ղλһϣͱһ˼ȥίɣ㡣
ԣԲٶ£ĬĬġ

***

һЩʱٽӵԸĵ绰
绰Ըܺãʣŵʦ𣬰geneҡںͬǼ£gene˵ٿǣʲôʱ򷽱ͬٿ

Ŭ룬һμ棬ȻͣԼ泰ĵط
ŵŲĻֿ˿֣ȷʵԸ硣

⣬Ը綼Լˡ
ѰͬʱȫûӦʲôͬ
ŵĺͬѰͷ
Ը磺

ڶԷǰ˻Σû°ɣǱ˰ɣ
ˡѰɤ۷
𣬱𣡡Ըͳ绰͸úͬȥ

ԸҴææٵĺ룬ﻹС棺ײаˣ֮ǰ˭ͷ˵ǡǩܵġ

Ÿı겻ͣԸ籾ҲȰ˵Ѱ
ܲƾƢ˵ºͬͲˡټһңϰżԣöԱ
ԸζСɿڡ
ǵöԷˬַ

Լ棬ԸɽƵ˿
ȸĿСӹýǸ˶ܿ۵д˼֣ӳˣ˵Ĳˡ

Сڲ˳ȵעӣ̧ͷңеġ
õģϰ塣Ը

ٴźͬʱԸϴεĮ̇
ֻ̨а߸ϣϣ߿Դ칫򿴵Ǽ¼ҡüԱڻƵſڲǽϣ-ͽһ߳ݡ

پ棬࿴һۡ
Ը͵ǹҵķΧһɻµ˾͸ݷƵġ˵˹ˣЩӷҪ֣ٳ̥ˡ

ġ
ʱ˵һ˶˵дĶģд󽭴ڽӺд˼ϲͷ·֮
geneĶĻࡣ
һֱģֻǿڱܹĶ

ڼʶľž֮ٺܷİѱ
˵Ǽ׷ָʵĸо

Сҿͬûʲô⡣ԸĻ˻ϸҴҳţ˵ݵgeneæٸлչⰡ
Ц֮ǰΪgeneʦȤ
ܡ˯ѾǸ˭ˬƢԸ˵ſЦ¶ԶҲǲ˼Ҳ˵ɣǰæ

Ҳûôᡣٶ˶٣Ƕ֮ǰǼЩ⡣̲ס¼ҷһۣ֪һƦô
ˣĲʲôֶ¡
ʹԼ

ֵԸȦŵԲ󣺡

ԸǼѰľˣЩѱ֤ԷȫٰǰЩ¼˵һ顣˭֪ԸĹעˣ˵ôи
Ի󣺡ţ
ǣ˵֪Ը񣬴յٶߣġ

Ѱ⿴ʱ򣬾ͿԶ̨Ըһüɫ˵ʲôŮţʱ¶Ȼı顣
һƤңݰף¶ʲô鶼ֻƯߡ
ĵúܿģ̸ΧõþˡѰһζûҧ˵Ů˻¶ô಻һ

ǵʲô
ͬҪ̸ô

ʲôֵЦġ
Ÿ·ԸЦж
ĺܳ۾ˡ

***

ԸźͬŸ߽¼ҡ
¼ﰲСڵĶ͸ڵ̨ϣԵЩ֡
׳Ϣذãͬˣǩ𣿡
Ѱǡ

⸱飬ҶˡԸ簧ڰҸո˼ĺãһͷ˵ǩˡô˼ȥ˵һ¿ʼҡ
û˵ǩѰ֣

ͬݵϣһҳڶҳҳ
˸⣺Ǹղʲô㶼ˣ
Ըͷ˰

Ըشڶ⣬Զ˵һ
Ĭİӹȥûʧ˵СڣСȥ㣿ôᶼһ䣿

Ѱ
ĵûӪ

˼ҶǹҵĲ״ɣͰǻ˵ɸʦ˽㻹˵Ǹ˼ˡ
Ѱ˵Ҫͣһͣëʹǩֱʶ͸ͬˣĶ˼

ͣҸСļƷ¼зǳǿԸֱ壬ʼȫĵģ٣ǻʦ˫ֺʮǳϵ˵Ǿףӵ·ƽ˳ɡ

һֽͬˡ





15.     Ҳ


Ѱ̵úûʱԸһʧ̬
˵⻰ģϣ棬޺ͬһŮ˾Ƿǵᡣˮȥչ¶

Ըֽͬ̾ô͸ˡ
Ѱǩġ

Уҡ˵˵ôͨģԸЦеʣһΪҪʱȰöºͬء
˰midi̡Ѱڵ
Ը粻⣺ǲѿǮ𣿡
ɻð룬ԷЦһڷ𡣡
Ը磺

⼸촺ࡣ
Ժܶ˵һĿʼԼѰ˵սᡣϧ˺˵Ļͣ˴ա

ǵ꣬żȻԵ˾ΥƤŨζܴƤҲǡôȱʧѾõ˳
ð꣬ͽȥԭס

һû䣬˴øɸɾ
ûСǼӵ£ԭ԰סŷһȦȻ̫տվͷιһԼĻ
ػأͬһ𵴡

ÿɽ롣
ǰȥ鷿ĵط

ĸϲգϲ飬ϲдʫ鷿ºۼĵط˵ԼǸʫˡȻˣԷġ
Ҫǰ׵ı׼žǸҵൽҵ࣬żд᲻ʾİߡΪⳡϰķУΪԼд츳
ѰһѰȷʵ츳

ϣѰ鷿۵ĵطĸдĸ׵ʫ˿򣬺ƤС񡷡
ţҪһꡣ

ǻ¶âѧһȥɣԿɺϣⲻҸĶ˼裬ʱһҶȥ
Ҫϡ

ѰãǸĸ顰󡱵Ľᾧ
֮ǶƷǰ⡣
һҳУСչ˵úúõģ˭ءȴʱ˰ְֱԼСں׷ľ

ǰԸҲûô⣬ˮķΧʱճ״
ԼѧԽԽŲӲԸ⡣
һ׷˵дѽȥдһڼ쬵سдҪ㲻д츳ôԼôȥ

˷ǣеһжͣ괺ա
Դûᡣ

᲻ʫá
ȻϸƤŨǸ˵ĻĲǻǰȥ
ǱӰ죬Ҳûƻ󣬾͵Ǹȥβɡ
롣

***

ǩͬ뿪·ϣֿʼꡣ
һ࣬͸ˡ

ٲ뿪ûӣյнĵ绰˵쵽´ˡ
ԼȥϷӵĹ
Ϊʱ仹ԣgeneҡͬȥҲ

ģ̳ŶӵȺţ쳣죬Ҳ˳
Ȼʽĳɱ˵֣Ӿͳײˡ

ٵûô˴Ҫн̫ϲ죬˸в
ڸнģôôˣºö൥ˣ
ǰЩͻĸнЦ۾зˣƬַгرȡⲻһԼһң̸ӵġǸ߲Сͣ׬Сѡ

߰Ϣرࡣ
нҲˣͲܻ䣺Ҫ̸Ǽҷˮ̫áǼԭͦǮģ˵Ĳô˸ΪƵý͵ʲôضⲻнηȥô

üܾ൱졣
ͺ˸Ƶġ
ŶԣԸ硣

ܲôɺϣٺʵӻծ
ǡнƺ±ѹǼ˴ſˣֹҲ˵ҹļﾭʵ˵ĺܡҷ˵ǸģɸھǸëԣë̸׼۸ȥġôʱ䣬˼Ҷء
нɫһ飬˸䣺ˣ²ϸ˵Һëˡ

ٰοԼɣĶֹ
˵Ҳǡ
н˴첲һ·͵ϡһ׮ࣺܹǱߣ鷳˵һˡ

һҿнʡ¡
ٱҪлԶȥ·Ͼ͸Զ˵绰Ǳƺæһֻ˸Ϣ򡣡

ٰѳͣСſڲſ
أû£͸˵һӹˣл
Զл
ԶŮѡ

Զôƺ
ʣôҪٰ
Զ˵ǣ³Ҫع

ʱѾͣ˳ڹ䳬СԶԵţŷȥѽ[ͼƬ]ĩ֡
Զ֮á

̫Ͷ롣
ʱٲŷֿһ֧ࡣԥǼ룬ɨһ½һ£ֻƵ̨ϣʹû˻ȥ˹ʼ̣ʲô˵Ƶġ

ؼͷһ£ǰ
ʿƷڻƷԵùģ롣࿴ۣȴг

һڼҡ
ôȰ˵؝ǲһԺӻݡΣԶĵ绰û˻ϷҪ˯ĵȻû绰졣
ƽʱҲҪͨ绰ٸ˸ı˯ˡ

ڶ磬ڳоǿţʱ绰ˡ
ʱҪԶĵ绰ǲ賿㡣

ֻͣ
һ֣ȻԶ

ٽͨ绰
עǿţϣ˳üסֻɢɢιһôô硣
绰ͷû
ι˯˻ǰˣ

մҶϣȻᴭ˿
иŮ˵ӵ绰ͷô
ģ
ͬظһ飺ѽԶ

ǽгԶֵͬһ룬˶ˡ
ں£һͰˮ
Զȫ

ԶûлӦ
绰ˮһЩ
Ůɤ˵ѽ㣬ֲ㸺Ǹȡ衣㵽ڸǲ˵˵ҲǵһΡ
˵һ飬ȥ˵ѹѩ

ղŻһ˿ҵĻԨ
ٶԶɤϤŵ绰Щʧ棬ҲȷǾ仰Զ

Ȼñ
ǵǸŮ˽Ц˵Ҳ
ղסֻһ̨ϡ

ţŻ˶Ѫˮ˳̨һء
˿öģոģ󵽵ģѾ˶ĵķΧ

վԭأƾԼָͣ
Ҹ֤һԼѣֻĻľӵͷʱһ仹ͣڣܹӻ
ʲô˵ĶһƵİֻȥԶ
һ룬žžહŻ

ô
Ӧû

ʵӦÿ޵Ķ԰ɣʵҲûôϲԶ
ֻǺʣʣԲһ
ڲˣҪˣǸˡ
Ӧÿ޵ģ԰ɡ

԰ɣ

ٷ̨棬ʹع
جج֪ڳ˶áֻٴʱѾһ硣Ϧã˵ש
ĻԾȻǸ֣þװһˡڰ

***

ڲ֪ٸ绰δ֮ͨ
Ǳƺת˷

Ѱʱɫÿ
绰ͷѵմȾ˻ҡ
þꡣ𴲣ţȣšֱ¥صƼʱڿˡ

㡪
һ룬ԭҪ˵ĻڴǱһʱȫ˻ȥ

۾ˣǼģһ㶼Ư
Ѱ촽˾仰㡭û°ɡ





16.  ܵܡһ   ȵ˻ң


ôûµӡ
Ҫ˵Ļ, ر޵ŮˡǶ͵ᣬײҪ, ҲǰϢһĬ, ۡ

վſڣյðѪɫɢ, мմʪϡ˵, ֻһ˫Ư۾
һֺȻڵ״̬

ҪǰŮӵ, Ѱһʱתߡ
С֪Լܻӭ, ѧʱǸͣѧ, ŮϲҰƦռġ
˵̫Ƿ, Ŀ, ܾŮһ㲻֪ϧҲΪ˵֪ί, ǰŮһһ硣
ܷŮ, ûԭ, Ǽķ

ѰŴ䡣
ʱķֻ֪ǺܳӦǿ޹, ˣǰһ㶼ûٵơ

Ѱǵһμޡ
ǰڽ̻ҽԺ, ԶԶ

ʱΪ̬, ټĵȺʱಡҽ졢ߡʹݹԱƬ, ش
վڴˣڲϣҼ绹ܶ, ֱֻԼϥǣɫա֪ʲôҲûʲôرı飬һֹͻֻᰲŴŹ䡣

ʱ꣬һμ¡
Ѱֻһʱ֮䲻֪òõݳȥ

ԥʱҲôӣֻ˳
٣ôˣΪʲôӵ绰
Զ
þûϵ٣Ȼ֪ʲôЩ

Ѱ֪֮䷢ʲô˿Ҳľˡ
ֻݵǰġ

˺ð죬ٲŷӦ
ʶȥֻ쵽գȻ뵽ʲôƵģһ˿Ӷͻң͵˻

Զ
ˣ֣ȻżѰ˵Ƿְɡ
ʲô·ûʵ٣쵽ô£

˼ŬάסƽҴһ绰ʱӦ峿㡣𡣡
ʲôʱ򡪡

û˵꣺Ұ䡣
ǧѡ˵а˰һǧƵǾĵĻ
Ҳ𡣡

绰ͷ׾ˡ
ֹͷ绰߶̼˸硣
Ѱʶ̧ۿǸ޺ı飬˵仰ʱҲͬƽʱûšüĪòˬ
ٷ·ˣģ˰ɡ


Ѱǵһʱж˵绰
һϷ룬֪˵ʲô־˵ʲôԡ

ֱٿڣб𣿡

Ѱʣû£

ղÿţʵĵһ䡰û°ɡǴ⿴״̬ʡ䣬Ŀ϶һЩ
ĿԽ￴ڳűߡ
мĺۼѪˮϣֱȳЬӡ
ٻص´һȦȻ״̬⣬ȴҲ˵ӡ

û¡ٴ
ĿⳤõضԽһѰ˵Ŷ

תȥֻڿڴɫгģʽ
˲ףȻ˽
еĻôõӢ

geneʦ
ٿʣͬǩˣʲôʱʼ
Ѱ
˿סûҹһͻҵĵŮ˷ɵľػأԡ

⻰˵꣬Ѱ̺ˡ
û̸Ҳ֪һθõİ취ʱ䣬ǿһΡȻ߶
ֻ㹻ææԳԼӺ;徻һЩ

ڡѰ̧֣ʾעʱ䣬賿һ룬
ٵ졣

***

ڶһ硣
絽ѰΪԼһմͷһͱŪˡ
𴲿ţ룬١

˶ԺӦǸ경ðų¶ϢɫԺ죬Ҳô԰ף֪˶ĺλǲ˵졣
覴ãֻûдһǳȡ

Ѿȫѣɫùˡ
Ѱ
衣

˵Ļһ飬ƽֱһ֪ڼ𡣡
˵롣˵Ѿ경ϴȥˡ
Ѱ˵ôȥ
Ҳǹ֮һ

Ѱ
衣

ҧź˵첻д
˼µĿԣٶһȻܾС
ƾʲôѰЦˡ
ΪǼ׷

ٺ¶ôԵһ档
ڱͷðһְզզƹˤϢƫ빤ƫҪ˭С
ȻԷǸӲƢǨ
ۿžҪˤٿֶסŷ졣ǿضͬԿǶˤŻ֡

Ҳһ˲䣬ڿԷ¶ɫʱȻ֪ˡ
ԼвĪ
ΪʲôҪ޶˶˰ƢǨϣΪʲôҪȡֵ飬ΪʲôǰǨΪʲôǨתֿ԰ԺͰȥ˯ˣΪʲôôΪʲô

ίˡ
ΪǿĿٿ
ջ֣˵ˡ

ˣûˤϡ
ѰѾûƢˣҷУ

˾̸ģӶU̡
ȿԭǶα衣ֱȽϾ䣬Щտģ塣ǶݳĶҲһΡ
ŶѰӿε̨šƿˮִӰ̨εڿ̶̼·˶ԼҪȥüۡ

Ŷǲûԡһһ۵ʣȥá
ˣСѰ
̧ۣɤ˵ֲʱʱ̿Ҫ㡣

UϣӰ档
˵ȸһΧŵʵܼ򵥡ҲΪ̫ˣôõƷô¡ų̂ʱôޡҡһλʦһֱҺʵıʦ¸ıࡣ
½ëͦϲģž㲻̫һ

Ѱû˵
ؿƵɫտֻ̨һӰڻת衣ˮˮ裬·һ֮
ס

һڣһ⡣
㣿
£ͷǡ

ǺüǰƵʱŷͷʢΪƽĹϵǿʵǵŵơ
˵ݶ裬Ƶ¼ġ
֧񡷵Ƭ˺ܾˣʱΪ˿ǫ̈̄ЧͷƵĺԶԵһѪƵʱٲЩ
ʲôû˵ޱؿƬΡ

վʣѾŵ֣ʦҪֵԭʼϣͻᷢҡ㻹뿴ĶеĻҲԸ˵Ǳܵȡ϶ҹ

˵ȻʲôӦĿⶼûʼĮĺףԼͷģƵС̺ۡ

죬˵ʲôÿڡ
㲻뽲Բ˵˵ۣҲۡ
Ŷ
飬ȷʵ̫ʺ˵
Źȥ룬ղһһεĻѾɹ޺ˡ

ظ졣

ƽʱһԵ̬ȡôŶĬĬĻһ㶼
ܣȻάһһ
ֻ귴ƵлવƺѰұֵĽڵ㡣

һ磬ܿľıӰ
Щƫˣŵ䣬·ܿϵһڽڼǡ

ֻˤˣҲûַʽֻܰصȵ
˷ﻹһˣѰƿӵ̵ʱȻ¡
ʶš֧ȼͷôڣ

ҪȻأ
ӦU̼ʧ

û˯ȻѾ˿ٵķӦ
ֳֻ֪˼αϵף·ҪšץסƵĽ󣺡ȥģ
£ȥѰһۣȷûİţ

ʵͻȻ
ҡͷûС
С˵µҡ

һ롢롢롭
γѣҲǡ

һǰһµ⡣
ΨһͬǣԼλߣѰԸӡڴԭϰ߷ֻĵطģܲϰߡ
ȥ֣˲䣬ͣࡣ
ι˳·˽

ԸҲ̽ͷʦҲҪȥ飿һ𰡣ǳء
پ״̬ججҲ֪Լñ𿪳
ͷĬĬϺ

ŵҡԸ߿ĵɶû£Ѱöñסˣ
ﳳˣԸôԼʼˣ
Ѱлأںʷ
OKСһ͸ˡ

û˵һ濪һ벹ߡ
üκ̵ƿڣԸͷ˵仰һתͷܵᰲ·ֻתͷǰ档

ò͵飬ٸ³Ը̲סС˼סѰ˭ʦ鲻ð
Ѱ
ǵģ

ϱԶѣ粹߱Ūѡ
ѰԹݺĥԼҺԺˡ
ϳţһ䣺һǵãԶ

***

µǹ˵Ҫһ赸ƬΣٰæűšڽϼѰǾһжศȱһɡ
Ȼûʲô⣬Ҫľæµ״̬Լ߰顣

Ϸġ
ݽ磬ٺúѧϰ߻ˣ·ϴεĲ춼ṇ̀Ц绨϶ѽʦұ
㣬ڡԱ˽Ӳ磬ǹֱĿɰ
Цǹ˰ҿ˵һһŮˣƯƯĿɰƯҲɰĿʺáǼʦ˵ҿɰ˰

˵Ļûж⣬ٽʵû
ܵ־С
˵Ц͸æԼȥˣֻٲţֱľϷ

ֻҪ飬ʮ˴ξ۲͡
Ҳ⡣

֪ͨҷַʱľ͵͵˸ۡ
Ⱥľ٣ʣ۾ôˣû˯ã
Զˡ
ľŲԼе̫ô᣿
Ѿƽ࣬˵ұˡ
١

һ˵Ļ˵ڡ
ľָԼţû°
û˵ľ̾˿ѹôأ͵ܹƨˡϷſ˳ԣǳµ͡

ȥĲ֮ǰǼҷꡣ
ӰӳܱߵСܶ࣬ҿ΢ߵ㣬ﻹOKǳʺϳµְʿ
ղٺȻͺͳµͬˡûʲôãܱһ˴ڼҪɵöࡣ

ûƾܣǰ˺ơ
ľͬĵ㣬١ȵ˻
˴뱭Ҳûôġǻû
Ұ㻺ľ͵͵ӵָ򣬡㿴ǸǾòɡ֪ĸɾ޲Ⱥá

ٳǸ򿴹ȥһװ׾кӡ
Щ̫ˣܾ˵ʲô
Ŷһ

㿴ǱߡľһָԱᡣڹ˽µĿģʽһ㶼û˼ɣŨüǸָͦӦò
٣

˵ľӼ䡣
μѰľӵħצָָžͣϣھӵܵܡôһ˵治üë۾ͣôôأױСҰǡҡҲܸ߰

ע⵽ǵĿ⡣
ѰⷽɨһۣľؿڣмˡĿԡ

룬һľӴ̫ˡ
ѰǰǡһյƵ¡ƤףüҰÿĺÿȥȴζ
һҰѱĵܵܣֻǵܵܶѣû뷨

ľԽ˵ԽˣƱȻࡣ

ʧľȴſˡ
κȥ͸͸һվת
룬ˣֻľӣȶˡ

ǵ⡣
ߵһխ˹Ϫһʯ·һֱͨϪİ˽ͤｻŹڰȥ
ٶ㵽ͤһǣڰ˽ͤʯϡ
ϪµĲʵְɫʣ۾ͬһѣ

ְ
ĵط·һ硣

ٱһţЩ̰˯㴹ͷͷϥǡ
֪˶ãбͤơ
Ųͣ࣬ʣȶˣ
ǸЩϤ

̧ͷ
ÿȶһϲ˵ûС

ͤƻɺ˵ٳĵø͡ͷһ춼ûױգձκˣ۾һˮ˵ɫҲˡظǿûС

˵ͷˣûС
Ѱһû泯ƻִ
ǳ徻ġգˡһ뵽磬ĳŮ˴˳;ᡣ
ܲԼߡ

ֱס°ڡ
Ҽ㡣
ѰûҲ㡣ס档
Ҽ㡣ظһ飬мͣ˼Ȼ˵ǰ

ѰͻȻͽסˡ
ۣŮذϸָһŪԼ°ڡΪţˣ㡭

°ڵָȻͣˡ
򢣬¶ĵ飺㡣

ˡٵ
Ѱһ˵һؼҡ

Īμ˾ƾ֣ĪҪһĪһĪ¡
ѰԸ磬Ūϳ
ȵС¥£ԸͣóͷʣǸɶҪҪæ

ˡ
ѰûʲôͰ˴λϷǴڼϣҡҡλβȵͰŲ˵㣬Ҹǿλá

վֱ󴥼һƬ
١Ѱһ䣬ٿشº쵽ϡ
޴޿κεŲϡ

ɼҲܡ
Ů˲֪ʲôģ࣬ûͷһͷɢڼͷҹһòǼ⣬ѿȾ˹ľ㡣

ôô
ܱҹȡ͸ˡ

ͷͷ·һ˫͵ۣ˵յΡŵݰ壬һ̶Ųĵȴʱ˿ȷȷʵʵĳŮ˼
޷˵ĴڸУ޷ӵ¶ȡ

ڵݵվһ̣Ѱظ
Ůݣ·ŵʮϲ̲ζ

ҹɫѸճݵ˲Ƶһ
ŰȣԶۡ





17.  ֱ   ñµ졭


ǰһʱ, Ѱڵ绰Զ
ڣͻվԼǰɫ, ƣŵ̵䡣1602ſ, һδǰŰȵľ, ֪Щʲô

ֵ˸һȿڽ͵Ļڡ
ѰԭͲǸ͵ˡٴ·, δһԡ

Զûסƣôһ𡣡
ɡѰ
Ĭá
Զ֣ɡ

ѰԼ¸в, ɴʱ˿, ȴͻȻվڵ¸ߵǴһ¶ԷֱֱȥسûǴĻˡ
֮, ȨϽ

Զûбһ仰ҭס
ɫĪؿ, ʣءƾʲôܣ
ھ, 顣Ѱηػȥ, ǳһ˿̵Ц, Ŷ, ˯ȥ֮ǰյңҡ

ǹս򲻹Ѱ
Զжºͣͷһǰô
żѰ, ˵ھӣ飿ôɾĹϵô

ȻءѰŭЦ˺, ҹѺȶ˵ھͻؼҡܱЩܲסԼѵҪɾɣ
, زһ䣺, 硣

ѰԴ
ƶԹͬʾһνб磬ȷʵֵü

Զ֪ԼôӪǫǫҪôȥؾԷڴѰȭͷָ߬, ȴʼûһ

µȷĴԶǰܵغۡ
ؿżѰСӷſڣιԿء
ߺ߼ûش

ӽ·ûѰֻƢȥڴ

Ǧɫ˶㣬жС档
վûվһεʱʱʱ¶һػ۵Ľס
Ѱ̲סվˡ

ҡƤЩˡģģ˵ôһ䣬Ȼ̧ۣƺԶ
ۿãԶҡҡġ

ѰһűȻͷŪòˬ
һ룬ϷʵÿԶɫѿ
봵ڣʾơûԸΪָڱܿϰԿס

ţ˽ݣٳš
ѰմԶ·
ѰԶһްΪҲ֪ʲô˼

***

ʱͷǡ
ǰιȥԼҿɴ͸һֱɹ˽űߡLɳĶ̱ߴС̺

ļһӿԡ
ǵߣֻͼѰ˵˾ǵؼңͺ˯ˡ˯ԺĵڣԶ

֪Ǿƺã뵽Էθ
θ̫
šüɳֻ˰ûҵͻȻֻѾˤˡµģûȥ

ûʲôûֻ
ٿʼԼΪһȵˤһֻúõʰԼֱƽʱ졣

Ŵ򿪣΢棬һжµĿʼ
Ȼź룬ݿڵӰȻע⡣ȿǽװ壬Ǳ۵׺򢶼Ⱦҡ

١Զֳŵվ
ź㡣̽һԶʲô
ҲʲôԶƣ˵ҽ͡

ѹסԼãͣ

ôΣ˭û˵Ⱦҹ
˵ҪͣȻأ侲˵͵ʱԶŷ֣Ҫ˵Ļ߲Ÿ԰ס
˵ʲô˵ֻϲֻ㣬ȴû䡣
죬

پؿûʲôɽ͵Ķ԰ɡҲǡ
١
˵ˣǷְɡ

֨ѽһ1601Ҳˡ
żϣü΢΢һ񿴵ʲôϷ޼ɵؿţ˿ûײƵΡ
ιԶԶһиطҪģҪҪ

ٰͲ뿪
1601ߣ쵽űʱȻͷ֣µ˵Զлл֮ǰȹҡм͸£ҷֵ塣
´˵һ䣬þۺɢ

Ϊ㻹һмԲ˺ܺþۺɢ
ڻ⡣

ٹţһ̿ԶȻ
Ϊֹˡ
þۺɢ

һԶ·𻨹㼫侲ڹŵһɲǣٻǸоۿ̡
ۣŴ˿

˫ʿЬǰ
Ѱͷؿڣ޵ؽʲôʣȹ㣬ʲôȤĹ£
ûʲôҲȤٻЬʲôҪģڿ𣿡

ѰһӴߴݣһϣҲûô졣ǽڣ
Ӧлл

Ǹء
ÿվζӾͻܿʧȥͬ⣬ۿ΢Σٶһ䣺뿪Ҿߡ
ѰĽſǣ°һŶҼɳշѡ

˼ǣɡ
ˡ

ȴʱĵزŪԼָ
ʱɳݽӡɫģ塣

ӵ˳˫ڶ棬̬ư
ָ㲻ˣ
ֻʼòͷõģòá

첻ֻԭرը
ٲ˾ֻ󣬵绰һֱšֻ̨Ϣֱըˡų󲿷ԶģһСӯӯʣµŵ֣ʦǲھ飬һҲˣнѾƺľӣôûоСȺﰬģͷ磬ʲôʱ赸Ρ
һһظ

ֻ̨ԭȵͬʽ˳֡
صһ뵽ʲôͻȻ̧ͷ΢ʲô
Ѱɳû˵󣬾СȺȦһ¡Ӷ洫⡣

΢ǴдG
ټϺѣתһǮ
٣㲻ô͵ֳҰɣòȥֻ
Ŷ㡣Ѱ

˵㣬ȴһֱûա
ٶǱתˣѣһ¡
ˡѰޱ飬Ƿһ˫Ь

ϻΪʱ䣬ŵ˫Ь֪ȥ
Ǳɨ¥İˡһ˫ͨ˶Ьء
Ƿһ˶㡣˵
ŶƣֵǮ

ȻûǮĶ
ֻÿ۵ٿ飬תһʳȥ²Ƿˡ

ܿǶǻ಻ǷԸ
Ѱ֪Լڷʲôһµڶʡ

ʮӺ͸è⿴һۡ
ȿտյģԶӦˡ
һС죬͵͵̽ͷȷʵӰմЬӣĿһƳͱȻӰһ
Ѱ֪ʲôʱϢվǣ˼ףĿ΢΢´ϡ

˰ٱԹ
Ѱɵģʹ˲ţ

ദûгķϣסûˣС棺ûվʲô
Ҳȥ㡣
ǻܹ⡣ںǰ˵ġʹβӦƵġ

򴽣ûƽϡ
ǰ棬ѰĽŲ͸
ͬʱʮ¥ִ︺һ˼ֽŲûϣŤͷּѰȻڵݱߡʱһյѼññ¿Уֻ̧֣ڵϰʲô

ⲻ˻ɣǲԼ¥ġ
ϾǰԶڵʱǻŸԼΧô

ۿҪϣټһ

ॣǰصĽֻ򿪡
ɢȴֲסһſ񾢶ʣ
Ǹлл˵ʧ鲻ã߰ҲȽ϶࣬ллչ˵ҡҺܿͻõģͲ鷳ˡ

˵òܵ覡
Ȼ󻻻һڣ͡

ٲ֪ĵˣñµ컹졣
ܿͻԸ綼ʱ˵С粻˲²͸ʶء
Ҳ

ûϣųϸϸ˿Լ
ױ͸ɫ͡˭ҲôġȥšſƽͣǷȴ١ǰЩ껹ƽڵʱ򣬲˻˵ŵĵλƴ굥ˣʵԭȵ֤Ƶġ
˵ĸ˵̸ʡ

ɣʱҪڻݵĻ飬˺롣
һ·Ļǿɫáɹ˻جج죬ֻصʵС

칫
֣ʦȥ˲ڣԼְѡ񡷵ĺͬ˵
Ϊñʦбճɹͬһ֧赸еӰ϶˸ļУ̡Ȼ㿪΢ŵϵˡG
٣ӡȡ롣geneʦͼ[С.jpg]
G
٣칤
GҼ˵ģ׷

ٿ󵽣׷Ӧҧгݲ˵ġ
ȻѹĿڵһ£

ֻϵԡ
һգ̫󣬱ŵıͲ˳ɢһٻæһѱȥ

һٿͣˡ
֧ʩԲԶ͵ġ͸ʹܣӯӯ˸˸ˮָ꣬תܿҫ۹ߡ
ٻǵԶʱ˵ĻƯʺСŮ
һֱ֧ʲڱͲû¾óһ

ȻͻȻ֣ϵ͵ģѬ͵ģ͵ģһ̬ض͵ġ
ʱԳäУ֪Ҫ٣ܼôס

ΪԵõˡ
ֹƵƤЬƤЬƤЬ˵ԶôرÿԵø⿡ʡԶģ¹ֻʣװˡ

ȥĻԺǻ
ٸɴ˸ӳԶйصĶһһսȥ
ոɾҲƺ֮һͬʧˡ

ͬǿݣҳϵˡ
ЩĶʹȥˣ㻹ڹڵĻǩһ¡
áԶء
û˿

һʼȥƺˡÿһȥĺۼͻһЩ
⼸죬Ѽ﷭˸׳죬ͬǿݽӶġ
ŪҵΪҪҡ

꣬˾ͷ·ӹȥˡ
ٻɵػص
հЩǣԶźü죬˶
һƬǿɫֱ

Ǵӱչ񷭵ֱ߷˺ܾãõԼ˻ԷҲóһ黹
ǵãǰӽ̻ҽԺֱ
̿һߣָҲתˡ

еļֻ͸ڴǸڷµ˽Ӵ
عķɻϣԶҪϵʽȻع޺ٻ

ޱ˸һö˽˶ƵʿûԭװǴ£˲Ǯֺʱ꣬ԤԼάޡ
޺üĻʱԶڳԶ
ٷŽκչȻ󡭡ˡ

ԶƬʱһӦֱĶû޺ãǿݸĻˡ

´룺û޺𣬻ôˣҪ
Ŵ򵽡֣Էعһµġ
ԶҵģĴˡ





18.  ʧ   Ͻʧɣ


϶, Զַһ
ҸĻȥǣ͹ȥ
ٻأİɡ

֣ٴ˼
öֱ, Զ˭ġ

Ŭ, ǰò죬ÿȥ, ǻƫ
Ҽ类Ƭ, ոаʹϮѪ»ſھԺε¼, ио˰˳һ, ࣬ڴҡҡλκ

ʵع, 뿪Ļ, ٵӦ˺öˡ
½½ܶ顣
Ϊʲô϶ԶĶ, ҲΪȫ˲ּ䡣

Ժ, ܴ, ۾Զ򢡣
ʹ촽, ǿˡ
ѪŪ˶Էġ۾߶±ϣ۾ǽ̻ҽԺˡ

ֱڶ
ʱ꣬Ҫ, ֱ췽ҹ̷

ûü룬پͱԶע
µڽ
˼赸κ, ƺյʱ̡µο, ˭, ľӡ磿

ѹЩùһ֮ǰʱֻ̬Ҫٵ飬϶ʶ, 쳣档
ԭǳµûϷȫ˵ģʵҲá

µһʣɫӲ
ɱȨϣѱ֤ƫġ
绹ŬݣҪҺľӶһΰɣҲʦѽ

˵ʦۣһ㣬ȴڳ
ûôش𣬶ϸϸЩĳɹӸãֻҪŪʲô۶ѧȻľӿ졣һ㣬ͬ赸ҵ˶֪ٲ㣬⿴̨ЧĻ
ϳµ棺ɡ
µͷС

ľҲ֪ѡ磬źü˳ŬŬ졣
磬ɫȸղŻȻ
һ¶ɫң
㲻ϣµʡ
ûûУʦ˵ҾСڷӦ¶ְҵ΢Ц

类йȥݽϷľӵÿղЦеģҿָĲˡ
ֲʮСŮٺѲɻҪѰٻ
йҼ١ľ˵˰Ҽҵùܵһ겻ĩҪҪһտ

ҵʱľӵܻܵæ
룬ͷðҪȻҼң
аɣҺ˵

ûһľҲˡ
£ھ¡ʦ·Ρ

һֱ磬ŮǰϷ
ӱϾʱ˹
¶˵Ǹô°
ٲ죺ô֪Ǽģ

ǰҲôһСΡ
רҵľ㿴ģҲô׼жϵ
һʣ¶ɫ۾¡ˣ𣿻赸ҵְҵ
ǡٵǹ-ˡ


һڶҵı鿴Һ㣬㻹ġ
㲻Żʣٷʡ

һ׻ûסǹˣܿ𣿡
ܺ棬һûǹʲô

ûиչʾ˿ڵİá
翴ˣֱӵҪҪȥүү뿴ҽңġ̱

ԼҲֱʼʹϾǻָòãضһ㡣ȷʵĶˣʣģ
㲻ŻʣԭȥӲزһ䣺ΪⳡϷǮġ

ѣ˽¸ַ
Լʱ˵ҽȥģȻȵҲһԼϡ
áݸлˡ
˵Ǯġǿ

ʵҲûôദ˵赸ߣʦܲܶϻΰƼת̫ˡ
ܣ㲻۵Ļ

ľϿΣ۵ϲŻؼҡ
Զĵͬǿݺ͵ˣҵæ͵ʮ¥ݿڡӾͰſڰšôСһöֱ˺ü㡣

ȡ˶ţһ㻮װ
ֱͰ˿޵ϣɫָ̣ʱҵģŽе⣬ɫһԸ߼Сǵüĵʿҵپ֪Ȼֵơ

ڵذһٱŽϵӱʦ
ʱ£ԷȻǵ
룬Ҳֻ㹻⡢㹻ˣӡ̡

Щ˼ֻ֪ʲôôҲûlogoϲܾöҲġ
˽˶Ƶûƶʦ˵֪ġ
ô֪ˡ
ְǼǵĺ߲һʦ룬˵ʱΪǰޱû뵽һ֪

һ㶣̷档
Ȧߣм͸ģԿֿų֣ܻеһһСŵƹϸؿȷʵԵһֹƵС֡

ʦڵ绰ͷ˵㲻͵İɣҿɷȰϽͻȥиܻ֪
ˣҲǡ
ұиСԲӵҸʣǸԲȥ

ͷպиʣʦ˵ʹ˽ȥ
һ졣
ʦʣû
ˡٸյͷ
ϽʧɣǸGPS˼Һܿ
٣

һٽͣʦҧ͵˼ҵı
ٹҵ绰һݵιȻ顣ȻGPSǲʧܿ
ֱԭˣ
Ϊʲôʱ

ҵʧ֪ˡ

ûɵţͼȥȥѰҸϢֱŴ󾵣ŸղģģСһա
08.20Ǹڡ
һڿֱϵģգգգ

0820֮󻻳˴дӢĸXUN
׾ƴ˳ƴ
տһ֡JI

XUN JIʲô
ѬѫѸʲôƤ֡

̾˿̫Ѩ

ٿվ
ֵĻӢ߻ϰдϣô
ƴһ飬ԭء

2018꣬ͬǳѵܺߣͬҲпֱܰˡ
ʶһ

Ѱ

***

ڰ̨ϵֻ
ƽϢʾһһ೤ˮ

ѾܳʱûˣڼѰôһ˲ǿյģΪķš
ͷش϶ǵ졣
󣬼Ȼֱ

ˡ
⴮õֱGPSʾ

ֱͶʧˡ
˵һöͨıĳԼ˵㣬û塣ȥʺѰ
ȻһͻȻһͲϵߣ˹ȥڡƿھ̨ס˽Ų

֪㲻ӡ
ãѰûȫⳡᡣ
ϾֱͨAPPھǸ޷ȥ֤ݡÿλֻһҴ

Ϣһܼ򵥵С򷢳ġ
һ򿪾״棬̵һһ·ڸ֡ѰλϢ̵ٿرƵ
ɿģȲģǾ鳲

ֲλñ仯
ʮס
ʮס
ס

ɫһ㴥ֿɼʶš

ˡ
űˡ





19.  ȥ   ѡ


˽һ, Ϊ˲ڼҡ
΢ţֿˡ

ѰվſǿСë̺ϣ΢΢´, һ΢, ƽϡټ費ɫӣڴĿͬʱ, ˽ƺƽ
ƽò̫Ȼ, ǡĳαװһ粨ǰĺ档

˽һӣͬ侲
ûֱǲǶ˶, ػһ£geneʦ, ׷ලˡĿǰǡ
Ѱתͬʱһ֣㡣


䳡ˡ
ݣһȦ, Ŀյϡһ, ˼ջ, ʣ, ʲôʱ򣿡
ڿֻ, ˵̧Ƥ, Ҫ¸Ҳǽ졣

¸£¸£¸£
Ѱˣϣ¡
ºð¶٣ü, һĵģä20𣿡

㲻İɡѰԷֻ, , Ķ, óɡ
ƽٵȴ
һʼţ, ֪Լʲôˡ

ӱʦ˵Ķԡ
ƾǸGPS˼Һܿ
ûѰ֪ˡ
ֱ֪̽˱ضֻ

̾˿ͳֱŵ輸ϣġ
šôƽ

̫Ծˡ
롣
۲ŶԷɫ˿϶䣺ǰǼ£Ҳڳһ仰һ仰ⶶҲ֪Ϊʲôֱ
ϵôΪʲôѰûѶĿָֻöʧõֱϣտţܸպҶˣպüˡô򵥡

ҡͷܡ
Ժ˻ƬΡͬˤĲѣң㣡
˭ļϣһ糡
ۣԶ򢡣ѪŪǰ

Ǵˡ
һǱһǱô˰ȫش

ٳ̫Ѩһ㡣
һҧ뵽ʲôƵͻȻĿƿѰһ¡


ĹͶ룬ʲôƨgeneʦȥαװٵһν֡Ѱʵڴԣɵվ

٣

㡣ߴٵ

ѰָʾתֻüһС룬ƳһӰƽ·ܸ壬һ¾͹ҵԼϡ
ŮϢٿذΧмſ
ƽ޲ĳ˾

ѰŲһδ
ԭ˸ľ괺ɵ˳ʪż١˻ɽ緢Ѫ̡

ڷʲô衣

㹻˻ָǵʱ䣬ںˣȫءвȴʼջɢȥ
ѰһһתĻ
˼ش۽ޣ԰ԶȵҡſڼѰϣϤȴӿֵôǿҡ

ᣬһ˵ʤ
ѰԼ˵㵹˵˵ԶĹ¡

Զ˵ǻͬİ汾
ʹ֯־Ը߱˵ʱԶѾΪȫľԺҵһ·еؾάΰһ·ͨ
ûʲô͵ִ˽̻ҽԺ
ڽ̻ҽԺٽƲסºܼ򵥣ͬаµĿһ

ٲ뽲
ԥļ϶Ѱ˵Ȼ뽲ͷǰɡֱôڴҲйϵԭΪֹ

ǰֱεϵġ
źɫ̣뻺ȴת
ȻʣǺйأ԰ɡֻ˵ֱ⣬ɴû˵ڿڴô֪ģ

Ȧˡ
Ѱ£ɳϣִƤסһ⡣
Ѿܾûָоˣǿصȥȥѡ

꣬ǳͨĳС
Ѱȥɽѩĸ׼ѧΪ³ĿĵͬѵֻᣬܱһڵС
ͬеĻһˣǵѧ˾ĹظˣԶ

;ʮСʱķС
·ɻԶΪҷֻֿʣһڡ
ɽȥѩҪԤԼطܺңھԺſڵȪ㳡

جΰĵһ첻֪Ǵĸ򱬷ģȺٿط޽СӢĴž
ǹ-ԽԽܼ㳡ϵ˳ɢԺһƬհס
ǼУʧ룬ء

Ķֻ֮ʣ¾Ժ
ڣɽеϿѷ졣Ҽ䣬ѰֻܵһԼݺˤ˳ȥ
ǰһڣѸʱѾˤ˾Ժš

ॡ
ء
ôһ˲䣬еӶһŵ֮⡣Լҵһһ¸ǹ

ԺĵƱڵء
˲ϻ谵ţźǧ֮סôײײ֡

ԼӼơ
ңеĺձû֪ǣһ֮ǹĸĸʱѡѡԼ庴ס˴š

ɤɳˣ˵
֮ӵһ룬һ֪ʲôƽͨΪ
֪ԺһкţҪȥȥ

ѰڶݵһɹȡͨԺѾҡΪûйݣ糡Ѿá꿿εڻһ·ָۿɼطÿ·һʬ壬Ƶ

ҧҧڰİȫڼС

쵽ˡ
ڿԼֻʣʮ׵ľʱУԸٶǰ

ס
·ǰţεµ-Ѱƫͷһϸ׸첲¶⡣Ѫ۷·磬ֱ۵Ӷ£ĿġѪˮָ⣬ָƤ΢ɲһ¡
ͫҲ

ǻġ

УֻǸͨ˰
ѰŤͷһߴԼһǿǰ
ʲôˣҹܲˣͨǷ

˻١Ĩ˰ۣתԣʹ˴ε˳
ǸŮˣѾ޹غɫͳʱ̡
ðƵɤû°ɣѣι

ŮɫҰףҼ绹ԴԴѪ
ŰյϣǰһƬֲѪԼĺֻ֪оȥжһ㡢һ

ƺ˼ٵĽŲ·ͷɹ
þȫżϵŮһͬα

˻
׽ʵʵ˷ֵĽƬϣһƬȣʲô˳Ŷ̷ѡͷĿѣһһϮ

Ĩһѣ֮ҧҧ˱˾Ժ뵽Ժ˿ȥ̽ѪѸɺԡ

ﾲĵģһƺһ硣
ܰȫ

ںֳֽ佫˿ڸǡҶժԼGPSֱĿڴ
ֱһУ㳡ȥ

;ΪѾ˺ܾãѾ㳡ľʱÿһӶǷ츲صı仯ⳡһʱѡǾȾԺİŮˡȻϵ㳡ʱһжѾˡ
ӵס˾Ժš

ܾܾһع
ٴλصƬ㳡
ԺݣһºٴӪҵϢȪֿʼˡǴӹ㳡߹Щ¡ģûۼ֤ǳѵ֪޾

̸֮£̾
ȻԱδ

ЩΪһʱ֮ͷŵĹ£ֲպ󣬶ȥ
˭ǰ

ӹӹµµȺѰȻԼöֱֻ״ﲻˣλ˸
ǰڽ̻ҽԺԶԶǸŮ˵ʱѾˣܿաǻѡվԭظտ뿿ܾ
ֻԶԶţǻ룬ٸһλᣬѡһʱԺǼǸŮˡ

ʱھĥԼʡ
ǧ˵ǧƪһɵĻ
˶ںҡ֣ٲ





20.  ѡ   ʧ𣬾èǾȻ


޵ʧ, ֻ˶ĴȴĽ

Ѱñȴǰ˶
Ǹ߿׹ʧأǲµľգСЩ˲, ˴̼, һδδӹŹʱĳȡ
ֳ˸߿ջ, ɡ

ǵõʸ֤Ǵ, ԱһԾ¡׸߿˺ȻᵽСۣſ˫, ôһ˲ôɿȥ, Լ
׹룬ʮ롣
ڿҪִͿɡ߶ʱ, ֡
һ, ȻۡΪ, ڱ۵ʱ̿Ķߵסŵ塣

, ʧ, ѡèǾȻ
Щд, Ƕִһʡ
û˻֪ѡˣѡҲվѡŵóҹߡ

ӱҹҹ֮, ѰּǸŮˡ
˸ڡ
ʵĵ֮Сǿܵģɿ֮, 忪ʼ롣ϰĴڡ

ֱĳҹ, Ѱ˸߳Ρ
Ժ, Թϸ׵ֱۣܣ㳡һжδ, ǹ-תͻȻֵ
顪ԼӦ¡

ڼٵĴϢ
ҹܰӼٵƽȻسŶͷΣһȭͷϡ

Ѱκ˵Щ
ڣֱѯʣǲһκιãܴʲô֪
һֻʱ⡣

Ѱٵ۾ûɵطꡣ
ᱻǵʹСıҲɹסڣֱԼŵĶ֪ˡѰƳۣƣ㵽


ٻգۣбҡ
ûСѰӲ

и²⡣
ûѺϣ˳ƢҸһߡ˵ҪҪûﻵˣ˰ޡ
ˡѰ˵ֵǮ

ӱʦɲô˵ġ
ά޵ϵĽٻۡ
Сѿ

ʲôû˵Ŷһ
֪һ̿ʼĺһЩ̲סҪ˽һ㡣ٳƬ̣ʣĩпû
Ѱò˼Ŀ⿴

Ȼһδٺ񿴶˼
ĩҪҹ

ôᡣ
Ų˷ļ׷
һ˵ûпһ档мտ
˵꣬Ѱܾûա
ŶǺðɡٲǿշ

ֱû¿ˡ
ɳϸ˼ӣһȥ˰
͡

Ѱߵſڣֽһ֣¶ЩĵһЦݣ
ŶѰڨڨ

ɳϣ̹ס
һ೤Ƶ̾Ϣѹɤ䡣

***

硣
Ըš
ûȥңԸֻ롣

·֪ͻ֣Ѱһû⡣ŶߣֻҶǿԸ˵Ǽˣ͵ءҪûվ죿㣿
̧һߣͽɡ

дӡ
һ׼򵥵ĸԼԼ¼
򵥣ɵһ¼ټϺңѾ賿ˡƽһַʽ

Ը컹ǰ⶯ͷس¶ʲô
˵黹ȥ𣿡Ըʡ
ûȥ
Ŷѹֳµ˵Щûˡ

Ѱعˣ̧Ƥʲô
Ǳ˲֪ЧôԸЦ𣬡˻ôǮǼ¾͸дˣ˼һǮֵֵȻŽͻһ֡˺ܾúĴ

Ը˵ᣬûʲôŵ˷̵ζ
˸okƣУұ졣

׸豻֮󣬼Ѱûٴ
ڳϣ⣬ڿ羰ӳȴǴԼģأ۾ڰ׷

·Ըĳ̵ƿںȻڣתšȥǾԺ¥û˺ӱϣͦġǰŻ˵ԺСҪѧ裬ѧʺá
ԸԹ˵ţûӾ˲ȻŤ

Ѱ뵽١
Ƶתʱò˼顣ȳƵĳǵ̡ҹＱææʱ˫ǱȴƯȡ
쾱Ů硣ʱǼġ
һ޺Ŀࡣ

ȥͻȻڡ
Ը簡һû˵ʲô
תѰ˵ֺԼҲ£һԵԼ뷨˵ȥš
ڰ㲻˵Ըֱгϰ

ڶ·ڣͷת
Ӻ󣬺ɫͣ˾Ժ¥¡

ԸϳŻ߶߶ǵ׸˰ҲûǰԼã֪㡣
СѰԼࡣ
㻹ǡ
ѰɨһۣԸĿڣ

Ը֪Ѱϰߡ
ϲ侳ȥС֮ǰȥţҲΪѰеһ֡Ե˵ĿʱԸ˿⡣ЩϲλڵĹ״ֻ̬ˡ

Ը統ȥϵ١
˲ʮӣϴҴһˡ񻣬ȴİ

ѰޱջĿ⣬ʣ˭
֣ʦԸػܣλǷֹŵ֣ʦͺʦһŵġλgeneſҵС

Ը˵֣ʦͷ˰
֣ʦҲû£ӦõġղСϸ˵ʱҶ֤ˣǲιۣʲôɡ
ࡣԸ

мһ
ԸһسʹɫѰ䵭˸кˡ

֣ʦǵһμѰⲻ˺شۡ
ɫ䵭תȥԸ˵ȴȥŰɣǱµ衣Ҫ񡷵Ļȥǵ浣
ûû¡Ը˵ͻȻݷò˼ͱǵĹ˰ɡ

Ļ䣬˳˷
Ѱ䲻
ˡ֣ʦЦΪ˿

֣ʦǽ˶¥һѵң涼Ǿӻƣƹһ̨Χ֣ʦĵ绰ûֽһŮ
˱׼ȹҡҷʡ

ȷʵǡ񡷡

ѰƬ￴飬𷶶֪ˡֻǾͶ־òƣȱ˷ζʳ֮ζ
׼ȵ㣬˶ѡ

һϣԸͷơ
δתͷʼѰôȷʵúÿ
浣Ѱβ΢΢

ԸۿԲgene˼浣̫ˡŲһȻš
Ը˵꣬乵ı
첻֪Сַʲô裬ƢͲ̫ԡ

֣ʦûЦеʣǻ뿴ʲôǺһȣȻȥ
ǡԸŤͷһߵ
ûʲôˡѰ˵
뽫ⳡιۼȥֶಹһ䣺ˡ

մоΪֳһ񡷡
֣ʦûʲôԣ˳ȥ߸ٷ˰д˰İɡ
һշͳɹԱ˺ʵء

Ŷ˵Сϰ֣ʦע⵽˵ĲԸ磬ǽʼղ̫˵geneЦСʱɹӦڡɡǱߵĹϾͽˣ´ҪǰС˵϶ˡ

ԶԶԣ´϶ǰáԸ

Ī
ͻȻֱе˵ҪתҪš˾ȫľѹܵ͡ԸҪ
Ը죬˵Щʲô

ߣ롣
нУż䣬ĶôõĹ
ֹԹԱ졣

ûԸţѰԹԵ㿪ֻ
ԭҪȥֲģ֪Ϊʲôָ˾΢ȺϡϢ
ϢѣڽϵֻһС㡣

ϢڰСʱ֮ǰ緢ġ
ʦû£˽šѾڷҩˡ





21.  Ť   


ԸӼѰȥҵ, мĪһšӸ棬ʻٿرˡ
Ѱվչ, ɫɹůڵ, ɫȴ

Ըͷôˣ
£ҪóѰ°һ, ʾ
, ȥ
Ѱ룬ܾ㡣

ԸǼ, ϰΪ
ʼ磺а, Լߡ

һóȷʵܲ㡣
Ըվ̾˿, ճСڵ粻̾һ, ԶԶͿӼɲͣ·ߡ
ԸС׷ȥ, ۴ɶ£ʲôҪģ
ŷ, ̷ָࣺûʲô, ȥҰɡ

Ը˻ҡ
, 㵽Ҫȥģ
ҡ

ն˵ȥҵûСʱˡ
Լĳȥδ֪

࣬鼴չ, µڿһϷ
Ȼʼ˽

ۿе˧, ô˧ƽʱָﰡ
ǽе͵˵ǶϷһϾ͸, ̫ţˡ
ϻ, ţƽôõġҪʦ˵©죬˭geneӲ¶, ȻһֱǾ飡

۵ʱڵϣµһǶϷ˱轲裬
Ƿǲٴ㣿µ̸һŤͷȻһˣӴáһ𿴿Ϸ

ͷֻھϸϸĶ߾֪˭ˡ
ʾк»صϷûʲô⣬׷ӾЧĻ˦۵ķȿٴ㣬ˮƮȥÿ
һ¡µ˵

ѰֻۣĻͣһ׹䡣
Ů˲һյϸ۽ŸҩΧƤǳǳĺ졣Ϊ˼ٹؽڸֻýżŵ֧š

֪ĵʲôͻȻأgeneʦ
Ѱ룬ɤ۷һš
У˵ٸĸġµ˾֡
ԸġѰ˵

ٵ˼ٸ繵ֵͨĿ˿ϡ˳µԭ˼ǣû⣬赸ƿԼġ
ѰȻ˵Ҫ֣µû뵽
һҪģ

ѰɫƽصͷšΪ˵¡

ڿЧĺáˡ
˵˶ԼҪܸߡµЦûû£µ뷨д衣

µб£к֮һȥ
ԱһȺųµܡֳ˲ֻˡ

ٲֳµ䣬̵ػ˻νס
εڶȦʱиߡ
ȳˣ
ٺߺߣȳء

˺ü˳һٴͣߡ
ûüʣиС׷˹ʦµʽŻû£ҪҪȥܿİɣ
û£òšٺƢⲻ󡣡
Ĳ𣿡

СʰξϹǸǶԲ𣬳ô©ˡǸ桭
ٿ֧֧Ͷˡ
ϵݣµԱʢκһ紵ݶ涢šͷУ֪

ǵ©
Աʱ⣬ֱ˳ŻӳڵһٽõʱѾ˰ȫ߶ȡŵʱΪ˱ƽ⣬һץϹͰٹˡ

ʱ˼ڽһϷϣ˹ʱ㶼û㡣
ôһԱܵ˾ţƽ˽š
˺ܼɻˣľлպòڣͶλã˵ʲôҪȥҽ

ȥүүҽݡ
Ҳɺϣϸҩ˳Ҽ硣

ҽ˵ţڱŶԼܲѺáŰӦţû뵽һŤͷͿλ׼ʱ䶼ûһ¡
ȥ룬Ի½ǣǾ÷ᡣ

ʣϵС־ͷ˵û£Ҫľ;Ƴ̿
ٵͷףҽ˿أ
ҽĿڣָˣ¡


һֶ˶Ҽ硣

еıšҽûûëˡ
ָС

Ҽѹͷ
ԭҲҽе˵ָĲе˵ٻеӰ졣һֱԴ˺ܽ黳Ȼ紵ҽ˵û£ﷴǶ˽ŵ¾ûôˡ

Сʾ²⴫Ȼ⣬ʡ

Сһߡ
ԱһƢͦá
佱ȴ԰̬á

Ų˼Ѱ̲סڹܣ
ô졣˵ڹҲӰܲһ·ĳȥɣ

²ۡ
û뵽Ӱ䲻٣ߵбǰ˫ֳסϥǣѹ͵ͬƽ¶еĽߡỺֽŵ»һ£鲻Ը
٣

ϸ͵Ϯ
ԥԥ㲻״Ҳ

Сʣôء
˫֧ϥϣָͷţ˶Ͳȳˣ


šѰ˵Ļ
أȫں۹⡣

Ǽ⣬ʵŲȥҲеġ
Ŷ㡣
ֱԹǰߣӰĮ

ٷ·𿴵һ֣ɡ
ͻȻڣԭȽסȵȵȵȣϣϡ

ЭαغԼȥء
Ҫǽûãȳ˸˭߿ȥ

ڶѰŻ
ȸղŻҪ鲻Ը˼ֲ͡վԭػ˻ȣ񡣽geneʦɣԵùֱֺ̫֡òϾ˼ҺĻæ
ʡ˳ƺЦеǾллˡ

Ѱһñ
ࡣ

ļͿûʲôнǡƽֱȴһ㱡ļ⣬ûôݡҲǹ޳ʲôݣѵõģġ

ſϣгִļ硣
ôڣϥѾͱסˡ
Ǻʿıкӵ־͹ؾشϥѣȭͷսԼǰϽӴ˶ѡ

бƫӰܸ߳ЦصһһߴһһһλƣǸߴֱۡĳȾǸߴĻȣɬ

پԼһĻ
ԼĵУصӰӣ·𴩹ʱصĳƻ裬ȴļ

𣬿Ϊʲô˵ء
룬ѵԼļٴγ⣿˵̹ϻƵĹȥԲѡӱܣ
Լ͵͵룬Ҳʡһ·СĵݱտڲĬ

ֻͣмӵ·
ٻǿһϿQ7
Դ۲ͣѰʻɫ˦һβһζû˼ٰѱ
Щÿػ

ûѼѰԼ˳ѾֱϿQ7ķ˹ȥ
֪
ɿһֻ֣ǰ˻Σô֪ҿ
ֲϹѰһ٣ϡ

ԼҲûھͣͬ
Ѳƽʱھ鿴һŴ£ʵ۹·˷ʲô֪

ôţĿƵתһȦַ´½㲱ôô죿
ˡѰ󼸲

ͷϸȻѧֻȳֲϹ
Է񲻿ظ׹˰أŶǱصġ

⻵Ƣôôᡣ

֡
ǻʵȲס˵档ȳŵأַȵһ㶼ûš

ͺϸģװʲô
ٲźۼ˺ߣǣղǹðĲôɢˡ





22.  Ƥ   ſᣬԭͦеɰ


ȥʻ, Ѱһۿš
һ˼ʻڳˣ
ŰӦ
ô, ڵͦࡣ

ûŪ˵ʲô, Ϊʲôڵ, Ҳһλ, Ѱվڼʻ⣬ѵռ˸ߺ, һͷ, Ǽ⼸䵽ͷ
ƫƫͷ㿪

η, һŲ
ͻȻʶڵʻμ, ۿ뷽ԽԽԶ, , ŵ𣿡
Ѱλ, ֱ, 

Լؼң
ָָ̧֣Զɫ񳵣㲻Ҳгô㿪ҵģĳô죿
Ѱûһ, ˵Ը翪ġ

٣ŶԸأ
Ѱ

ٲ, ¼ʻ, Ƶһϳ, ˣԥ˼ӣҪҪԸ˵һ
Ѱֵŷ, Ŷһ

ֻ˸绰ȥ
ܰͲﴫĵȴǱιһѰ˵ˣѳȥ
˵绰Ҷϣ̺

ŷģϵðȫڵ㱾Ҳǻؼ𣿡
Ѱɡ

ʲô˼
ٲ⣬ҵ»⣺֣ʦ˵ǿֳġ񡷣ôû
ûʲôоһû翴Ƭ

šᡣ
ȴХҰ绹䡣

ٰ뿪Ц˵Ŷ֪ˣһƬߣúÿ

ͨʱһĳ
׼ãȴһƬĬ

ɣ
ⶼ

¸Щˡ
Σһ䣺ӦòᣬŵСﶼͦõġǵʱǿˡǻãûʲô
Ŷ۹ͦһġѰỵ̂һػ涼ǡ

֡
Ȼһ㶼

»ζһ˵Ļ仰ȷȷʵʵڳЦ۹ⲻСǻǶ룬ڿñȱ˺ô
СƢڿ

õۺ
˵翴Ƭô
˲Ͻ״ʹٵؾȺһҪһһûл򵥣ǾʹС

һ·϶ãǱġ
ѰӳͷƹţľǲһȱQ³ŮˡڹԣƵ·
Ҫæѵʡ
òáҡҡ֣лл

ͻȻôˣ
Ѱšüһ

ʮ¥ݿڱۣٵҵһǴ绰؝
ѱʳһ̨̯ϣ裬ʡǸƤô
㲻ǲ𡣡؝ɻ

԰ǸڼСϲôһڰջƣҵæлл
؝˼ʲô鷳ˣ
šһʱ˵塣

ȷʵ˵塣
ԼҲΪС鷳ΪǰǼʼջɵ¡ˣͱˣȽ̽

؝ڵ绰ͷԶָӡ
ۣţߦƤˢҺ
ٿᣬһ㵱ॶ˹ȥʵû츳ҳĲóҲѳԣ͡
ӿȡƷƤ񱡲ĵطֵ÷ڣĵطЩ

؝ɲɣĸոҿ
ΪˣҪǱ˰ɣҡһΣ

һϣڶ˳һ벻ôѿġϸϸţŵͺ؝ͬζǿǳɹ˰ɣ
رһСζûǹסԼ֡

շ؝
؝һ̾˼СˣҪⲻ֪ʲôˡ

ٲţַľӡ
ľӺʴȣʲôܺóԵӡ
٣
ľӣ
٣
ľӣⲻǷһҹڵĲ𣿡

ʱյƤŨĥѰ뷨

***

˯ǰѰӵԸĵ绰
ѾӾ鿪ȥˡ
ЩĥϵĬҪȻԸ绹治֪һͨͻĵ绰ָʾʲô˼ֻýԽԽĥСˡ

Ѱ绰һ
ͷָ𣿡
氡
绰ͷ˸ѰÿʾԸ磬ĺ֮һ˼͡

Ǵ׶԰һĺֵܣնĴӲżѰĹƢ
Ѱͷסɢɢػأȥ

þûˡ˼˵ָĶأ
ڼңϡ
롣˼ͷһֵʣһˣ

˼Ͳ˵ã˵˼ѰЩꡣ
ûشһ䲻˵⣬ʣûһˡ
˼ͣ
ܷȴܼѰԼͷŴǣ뿴ˣTAһ֣۾̲סȥԽԽ

ҿͦġ˼˵ĵϲᰡôᷨʲôʱôˣ
ѰĬĬ
˼ͳʤ׷ǰɰѶԷɷΪֹǲҵѰġ

Ѱκǰ˵Щ˾괩ˡ
˼Ҳ⡣
ߴߴһͻȻ˵ڼû£
ڡ˯ˣɡ

ѰְԼƼ䡣
ԼŪ÷޳ڶ˼͵ĻͻȻȥʲôҪڡ

˸̣ⳤȵȼ
ҹɫøᡣ

ɺ˳ϸһ֧ȼȼ֮ʱ1602ͻȻˡ
һſڡ
һ£ôû˯

ѰҲû뵽ôҹɫԼ˼滹δ֮ǰֱˡ
šͷ㲻Ҳû
ѽ֣ȻǰŲ

жӾͷġ
Ѱ°ͣǰɣȥ˳㶪ˡ

һƤʧƷ
е㲻˼ִس˸㣬ţͳϳʲô
ûԡ
ǲ𣿡룬ҼﻹеԵġǸƤ

ԡѰתͻȻסǸ𣿡
ӣ͡԰

ȹİ۵й⡣
Ӳ룬ЭˣаɣԵģϧûá̫óԵӡ
֪뵽ʲôȻüң۹ⲻҲ

ɾ˼ˡ
Էģ
аԼۡٺüۣ˲ҡ

Щϡ
ôѲǵεġ·Ⱥù¿ʼǸСѾˣڲߡûֻڰϵֽܡ

ĺܽ
һ˵

ڼ鿾䣬Ȼ˵Ҳûôˡ
ֻǲ˰پ˼Ц軹˵ϲء
Ҳɡ

ҲǱˣ
Щ㲻ô¡

ƹͣյҲ
룬СſᣬԭͦеɰЦеؿ˵ҲͦϲģҪȻҵܵܰɣ





23.  ͡һ   ֵǣǵֱС


ٵ۾ڰ׷
, Եøղ˵Ǿ仰ϡ

ܵܣ
ѰѹһԵĺ
Σ˵

ٲӦ, СƢðšµһϢ, չĺģҲСܵܡ
˿, õغ˵, תĿ⣬ضſı仯Ƥһ㹰, 񴵹˵žһ, ִֽƤը˽ɫСʼԴԴϴӷ϶

˼ʧƷѾѳ¯ʱ䡣
װյȡʱ, Լˡ
ɫ, , Ҳ̫˰ɡ

Ž׻ܲ
ָֻӼѰ, Ϸ̵, , յԼԱپ֧°ߣ۰Ͱ͵

˵, ۾Ѿ˼
òóԣòóԣòóԣ

ѰرĿ⣬ָŰ״סָǽ޳, ɫ״졣һûһµĽŪҲĿ
㴹, Ҳܸ֪ԲĳĿ⡣
, Ͳסͷһڡ

Ƥǡô
ţڴߡֻŨѵЩ
Ѱô޵˺ѹ˷֡, 䵭۹ûȻһ㡣
ʧ졣

Ĵ뱻Ƶһߣ˲ʧ˳衣

ٲаӱԵһСƤ
ϸϸƷһҾáҲûôѳ԰ɣ
Ǻ¡˳ǡ

ٺòĳ
̬ưܱ׼ļѰ
ƲƲ죬ûͬۡ

ӹʮһ룬ȻˣѰ
ٸſڣſҡҡ֣
ѰŶһЬ
ûȵģƢʣΪʲô˵
Ƶģȴֱ׳Ϊûò

޷
޻˵Ƥһ̧Ȼͷվ˸ӰӰ泯ǶŲƺŬֱʲô
˻⣬ʾע⣺Ǳߺиˣڿ㡣

һȣ⿴ΣѰжϳ˭
٣ֱ
ԶԶģҲڱϳݳԾ

߹ţȾͷӰƵıǰ
ǽͨ绰Ķ˼͡
˼дŲţ㲻˵˯ôǱ߳ղǸŮˡ
飺٣Ǹ

Ѱ㷳
ҹ㰡ĵܡ˼˵㡭ȷ᣿ᵽҹʹ˼Ҽţôй㣬治Ǵȶ
衣Ѱ

˼ͲţղǸ˭
ѰԹǰ棬Ʈھӡ
϶ͨھӣҪȻô˼Ҽ

˼͸ţ׻ûѣͱѰҵë̺ˡ

ɫë̺ϻڽӡ
˵ףؿڰڸɫ̺ӱͺв

˼ʹƢҹˣʲô취㻻ڵĵˡ
Ѱ鲻ã˵Ҳ̣죬꣬ʲô
ǵ㡣˼֣ĸɾϵˮ飬ѽɳҽɲ߰˯ˡ

Ѱûֱ¼ߣ㡣

ٸҽղǸƯ£ɶϵھӰɣ
˼
Ѱû

ι˼ֽС
һ¼ҵˤ졣

Ѱˤŵݺ̷
ȥĵܵܡ

***

͡
˼ͱɳ˯û찵صʱš͵κſߡǴߣȫ־֧ţè۶ûһ۾˴š

ϿƯվſڣ˲һ˿죬ָֻģ˵ãҼѰ
˼˯òţп㣬Ͼһá
һ߻æţһ߹ֽУȵȵȵȵȣҴ·

Ĺֽаѷ˶
Ѱһбſڣ㷢ʲô衣
˼ŵţп㣬ɫͨ죺Ǹˡ

ŷš
߶ƽϢˣãã

֨ѽһű
γǰǼѰƤˣɻǵסĿ¶ķâɫƣƥëСҰǡ

ٰ־ٵø߸ߵģ͵ǰԲԣġ
ʲô
緹˵Ҿ֪϶ϢɣСʱġء

緹ʲôѰʡ
԰˾ͼල㹤ٴ
Ѱأؾԡ
ܵܣô¶ٰ˵ܵƺԼ׵ܵƵıԹġ

ۿѰɫˣűȻ̽һԴ
˼ЦúǷԳԳԡ㣬ҳԡ

ŵԽš
ѱºеݹȥԼŽšһһë̺ϡ

˼͵͵¼ѰɫĿԣҲΪαѣٴ˲ë̺
ŷ̧ߣߵһͱѰס˵ĺ

ѰൽһߣĿɱˡ
˼͵
ûءѰʡ

˼˵˰
˳Ŀ£ŷּѰ˵ĴǵµĴš
һȥƺǿĸϣôȥѰŪȥŪ

˼Ķӡ
ٻЬһͷֿһˡ
ûʣе㲻˼˵Ҳ֪ˣһԡ

Ѱƣôֲȥϰࡣ
վԭػ˻ȣθġϻһҩôˣӰ·
˵ôȥڼҴҲ㹤


ЦеԿԷѽܹ
ģ庢Ӱ
ѰŶζ˵˲ԡ

һ̯ºУĵʣŶ֪ˣв͡ǲϲʽİĲá
˶٣˵Ҳǲԡ
ѰֱҪЦ˵ԣֻʽġ
Ȼһ㶼а´ԡί

Ѱһؿڣϲ¡

˼ʹÿʱľǼѰͷ緹ӡ˽⣬ѰϢߵԸС
ǰʱʱ̶̿š
һ̲࣬ԽԽԽԽνߵԼԸ磬ܹܿñڻҡ

֮⣬ѰƢûܵˡ
˼ӴŮǽѺġΪŮԺ󵽣ѰиŮӺദһ졣
֮ǰǿЦ˵ѰԸģŮôϲҲҪֳս

ڣѰ·һͷըëȴ޿κεС
һ׽һףƻƵĵǰࡣ

óԡٰѹ𻨸Ƶǰ
˼Ͳ֪ƯŮ濴ѹǹ⵱ûȻüѰԵ㡣
ѰһƵһߣѳԡ
Ŷԭ㲻ϲⰡ˼

һôĻ档
˼ͺſڿ¡ǸҾ˰
ٺ飺һ𣿡
˲ˣͦġ˼͵

˼Ͳ׾ߡ
ԲǿѰֻǵƳһۣԶһԲˡϽӹ۵

һ
ȷʵˣóֻȺ
ֵǣǵֱСѰ̸ء





24.  ଡ   ҲͳԺܲ


Ѱһʱ֪Ļ, ŻֱӳȥŪ
֪ʱٰͷڰ̨߳࣬͡嵰, 𻨸, һСڶƷַḻ˾ھƵ

ûг緹ϰ, ǳھͷ¿ӡ
ˡ
ͳô㰡֧°, Ǻ¶ˮİɣ
Ѱʶź¶ˮ

԰Ե鲻¶ˮĶŮ
ѰѾȫ㲻Ů
, 㲻΢곤Ůˡ

㵽ΪʲôҡѰ˿, С۴ԱӵαϣûǴĻ, ͬϵдڡ

ɲ𣿡ָ, д, һҪĽ, ϰϾǶ, ϰþϸڡʱѡѡ, ҪǸϲϽĩݣ͵õ꿪
һ˵꣬ʽݺʮڲŽβ

ڸѹʱ, ־˵꣬ڰջغͬһ㡣
Ѱ˺ֲȱǮ
ץסԸ˵㻹öҸء
Ѱ
һֱԸͱһĴ

Ը֪ʲô˵, ʲô˵
Ըһû˵, ֻҪ빤״̬, Чʾߡ̶ֳȵıĸԡ
ʲôµޣ˰ˡ

Ը, ˿㸶ʱ;Խ࣬ԽǻǱʶǮ̸ֵĺܻͬЩ˴ŵġƭ
γ˼Ѱϲϰߡ

Ǵ⡣
ǻǺԸǵһʱ佻

ѰԹ˻˿ûĽŸиȾ
УٴһŪꣿ˵ͻһϡµ̾˰졣
Ѱˣҳӡ
ԭˡ΢΢򴽣˼״Ҿôô񡣡

˻
Ѱһһʱ֮䲻֪⡣
Ŀȼˡ

ҪƫƫԵĺӣĸվ»ҹˣߵʱŴϡ
ֻ̬̣á
һʰϵıºУʰһ룬ýûԭ·صǰ

ƢĪƤôô
ٰѳʣģ㵥һװȻڵһߣһߣװӡ
ŬŬ죺һ˻ܳԡ
Ѱ˵¡

ԭһȦû¶żװ̾˿geneʦúڹôжء
Ǹ֪䳰ȷ׷ÿ治
ǰɣҲáŮ΢΢΢Ϲ

žһ͵ģʰ˿ߡ
ʹӱ·Щ֡΢أҽϣԻһظĽࡣ

Ѱ˫ֳӺ濴ţȻڿס
Ӱ˷աա

ڶʱͻȻͣͷʣʲô

ΪԼûнල˼ٲ䣺һҲһࡣͻȻ뵽ˣҪҪԿଣҿĻ

ʱٱֵúͺ؝һޡ
Ȼû˽ӻԼԲԲޱ˳
٣ǾͳԿରɡ㡣

緹Ե̫
ٹ˻ʱ㣬ÿ଼ȥš
ȽŲ㣬ûŹӲǰ˽еԼҡ

ǳѬζŨĿǣʳ״ڲߣһߵĲСˮ
һԵģҲһԵģһһ͵涼ƵĽšѰķʹ˴꾱

ٴӳβһɨ㲱ôֺˡ
ѰӲػأ
æѩŲԶһߣ²⣺㲻ʻɡ
͵ǰðײãһش𣺡š

ٲģһһѻƿŲ⡣
պÿѰܲܲڲһߣͲĳ࿴ᡣ

Ŷ⣬ҲԺܲ
룬СƢʳ

Ų˷ԭºѺܲеԼĳ˵Ҳ˳źܲһϡ
ӱǼⷢһζĺ
ʣ𣿡
ֶܲҲ˳ԣ겻м

ܲó԰ֳ˸ԺܲĿ׽ʾܲάBء
Ѱʣ¼ۣ꣬ŶҲͳԺܲѡ
ûϵѽҿ㡣


ľûȥ
ѰĬа취ġ

ҵ»⣺㻹ʲôԵģ
Ѱܶࡣ
أ
ѰƵıһ󴮣ܳԵʳĶȥصڲѾֵǼʳϡ

ʶڲˣŶ˵Щǳֳִġ
Сʱʳƽôģ
˶СƢĶࡣ

Ѱ̧ôôжߣжࡪ

ͣסٶҪ˵֣أʳ޲úóԷ
ڿ֮ϣˣڼѰʰ·硣

ٷȻԵϢֻд
ԵҪһЩ˺ܲʵʲôûԵøɸɾһѲ̶˽ĵڶˣ־ϲ飬Եò̫ˣҸ
ûʲôЦ㡣

һΪȽŲ㣬ԷеϴʰĹ
裬ȴԵñֱš
ָӣԼúܿ죬Ѹٽ˽ࡣҪľһˮڲ߳Ա͡

ľ˵Ķԣ׿ݣѰȷʵǸץ
ݡ
ӻѩޱݾ֪˶ϸܿסôΣյļ޲ӦҲһߣ˶һ۾ܲ׽ĸ߶ȡעĿֲΪߣǷ

ҧһ۹ϣķ򣺡ôģôߡ
ᣬȻˡ
Ƿβ˵á
Ҳܸ𣿡Ǵ棬մ߳ڣȻʶʲôƵԼһ£ǸԲҡһ˵

ûﻺʱǲԸƽġ
һ֣ͻȻ֡
˼ֺĶʱԶʧž쵶⵽۵ĥ⣬һһΪоʹˣѾûˣżҲһ£ȻͷֵѾ

ٶ֪֮٣ֻǳ˫˫֪뿪ôô޷ͬȥͻ

ĬЩʱ򣬻ˮȴûͣ
ˮ϶һԼţҰֺܸߡ
˿յһҲ˧
һ㲻ӣӻ˵ҳ衣

ǸʵʵĻսߡ

ϴʱѾˮתս˿ɳڷգڱϣԵβⱥ¡򵥵Ŀӣ·Ҫȱ˸һ㡣
ѰƲۣûһȥˡ
Ҫٺܿ

Ѱߡ
ͻȻ˺
geneʦ

ôƺһΪ˹ϵ¡
ѰҹɫİпŮӨ˫ۡ
һȷʵ覵ӻƯɾͤͤ

һ취ûС
ֲͣȴֻܺ·ӦԣŪˣߡ





25.     ˡ


ټһ, ֻķ
ѰɳĵˢһȺĵϰߡֱĳСȺϢѾߴＸƺΪĳ۵ĲʱȤ˽ȥ

ȺǶ˼ͽ, Ⱥܶ, СF4
˼ڣȺ⼸˶ͬѰǳȺЩͷ, ӸһֱڡǸе֡

ѧУ, ŮϲòҰƦġ˼ӼѰĸ, ܲҪسԼΪһУ, ƴݡ
Ⱥһ£ֱǶ, , Ĳݡ
Ѱ, ȺӲĲݵš

ȺĻӴǾ䡾ֱСѰ̸ءʼġ
ѰƤһ, ·

ݣѹ֮ǰ۱, ƨקһ, ԭϲ͡
ݣ
ݣ

ݣ
ݣԸᣬƯһĽ[]
ݣƬrwkk
ݣʱ̫谵, ѰŪҵ̫ǿˣûüġͷ, ʵPSա
ݣߺѹӰһ, ᲻ôҲ󲻳ѰϲŮ, еѶ

Щѳڻһȫ͸˶ԷԸ
ͷǳƵһֱʾɣǴݾԽ͸©Խ, ͼӴ
ݣŶˣǰһŹֵ˵һˡ
¼շչɡѰɲ̸ֳ

ݰû֮֨ð
ݣ@ݣֺ˽żǵùء

ʱСʱ֮󣬶˼ջ˷¼󡢼Ѱ˽š
ʵƽĸ֡
Ѱ***

˼˵Ļпĳɷ֡
ѰȴϴƵģ˳ӿ
۶컨壬û˯

ڶ춥źȦţ˻١
ʶ̧ңʶ˷ַ࣬ǰʲôΰǸƢ֡Ұ߰㡢һͿġܵܡ
뵽ܵƺ

˿벽ûӭҲûܾ

ѾߵģȻָĲ
ͬһıºн߾ٵǰͣʽġ

ÿִ³õϢѰƫͷ⣬ȻǰŮ˺ͽչһöĿ
Ŷһʼȡ֡
ҲǷҪʽ͡
Ǹ庢ӵĪ˲ˬ

Ѱץͷߣͽһ°ıӰ

Ρ
ѾбԽпˣܿʳƬ̵ˣƳγεļ嵰

ºһ㻹ι״
Ѱ죺ʲô
̰ٴֱ׳ܲɣ

˵пܱ
黨ƵģŤ߰Ķ

ѰѼѿڶķ˻ȥüܹˣƢȣ緹Եø˳

ʰڣٲŷյķ
ôͬһ̣Ȼû˴ظϡĥ˼ӣôˣ
ѰֻǵĴġ

˸սѶߵģ̽̽ĵߡ
ʣܽ¼𣿡


ȴĻؾ첻ĵߣôǼ׷Ҫ͵׷Ӳ죿
Ա㣬üЩ뵡ҲԵñƽʱһЩǼů½½ڿˮ߱Щ㡣
˵ͷҲ¼ߡ

Ÿϡ
¼ҺصĴŹϵǰһ̣ȫ̤˽

Ӧù
ָ꣬ĻˡһûأԾͣϡ΢΢ۣһСĴڣⶼͬйء
˰Ųб󷽣£ԭı㶼
Ѷҵ󾱣š

ô̲סʡ
겻䲻ȵУ

Ҫǻ˱˾ˡ
ȴͬƵĵͷô˵ҾͷˡԭҪľ˶ĿһµĶóϹȥĶȷʵʱҪı䣬Ż۵Ķ𣿡

λ˵ú
Ѱû˵ǣҲû˵ǡŶϣڶϣһֻڼ˼
ٿЩרҵֻ֪Ļ
ӵһһΪֺϳһɡ

ʮ룬ƫͷ°ͣ¡

ȥĶ
ֲǺɫƤɾ£ĸơһ˾޵ǰࡣ
̶ʮ룬΢ĩӵдڸСȫһ֣ȴܺԭ赸ϵ㣬Ժ̨ͬĵһѸٽȫµ״̬

ʮ𣿡졣
Ѱѵ÷βȴһûӵдģҲʹְɣٸˡ

ٱȾ̿ԼҪ̫˰ɡ
ִڳУҪŵͣŪһκŪŪ
𣡡ˣҪߵá

ô˵ʵμѰ
ȻǱֳҰѱԲӣܿǸԹΪ̵ˡȥȻ¡

ͬһλð첻Ųɮ붨ƵǧͶ롣
ۿǾֹ棬Ե粨ܾ󻯵ĻĴԼٲХ

پͳһԣҲȥš
ʱָ仺
ֱͷһᣬ˯ţԷ˶Ŷݹȴûתԭأ¡

˹ĵ㣬ȸղŸΪץ
룬ȷʵ̵ֿ˶ദϸڣνӹͬӶƵı

Ѿֵ˶㣬ȴֵȻӣָû档
ƺ˳˼ʶȥֱߵһ롣
ĳֻһ̣ǵġټְɫϸ̡̣ҲŹǳζʱǱɵģʱݮ̣ΪԶڡ

ָһͷҧڴߡ
ĳЩ˾ĺƤ̵࣬ѧʱĻкƦʮ㣬մȾЩǡӣָڳ˺һӦһ

ûͣʮһֱظ
ּ϶ƿܰ𡣡

ϲ˳̣ʵú̹ϡ
ֻʵʱѾһ̵ȼɢڷյĿռһ͸Ϣ

Ѱһ£ƺձ˴˼˳ʶﲻֹһˡڴԣһҪšͷơ
ٵһҲͬһƮ˹
ôСһֱ̣Ժλġ


Ѱĵȫ
ôСôСС

ǡ
߳԰ѽʣ̶˳ɢһһһϣ飬ָ⣬ֻƿ
һż--֡

ٱζǺüۡ
ðʺţ˵ˣûŪСƢĵ㣬ȻȻģȻЩζ顣
޳ͬСѡ

˺üͶȻҶҪȿȡҲ̫˰ɡȿȿȡ
⡣
ƲƲ죬˿ռ䡣
ָָ⣺ҳȥ͸ǻؼ

¼ҵ·ѶĴһһ򿪡
վڴ˿󣬴ǣֽתߡ

¼ҵĴű
ſڣѬٴιȰĶԷβá
ң۶

һҪǲϲ˹㣬Ҿ͡
ͣ
ܣٴ





26.  ̲衾һ   𹼸Ǽλе¡


ѰⱲûô
ƫƫ, һƢǱ˪Ҳͻƿڡ

Ҳ̡
ţǼˣë, ȼһ֧Լ
˵, ˿ȼǼܽѹ顣ϲʮ¥ϵȼһںҹԼ, ʧڿɨҹ, ֻʱ࣬ôת˲š

һ, ٶ, ǰŮ˵СҪ̵ܽġ
ܵܡ

뵽, Ѱ̲סҧº
˾, ƫƫڲԵһ䣺Զ, Ҳܣ
ȻƬ̡
ܿ, ˣûܡ

ƾʲôҡ
ڼѰǻ, ǿ˻, ûȥ

β룬ٵĵ绰ˣʱƷΧ
ľӵġ
ľӴʣĶأ
ڼҰĪ
ô㶼û, ˺öණأ

ٰһſȥżѰҲͶ˹ȥ
ôʡ
ҵûȥˡָָ, ľˡ

úܿ, ǰһ绰ʱ, ֹǳЦ⣬·ѹղͻļһ㡣
ԽѰԽԼ쵰

Ʋ͵ű, ιһ
ôٷŰŤͷ
ղšŤû˼
֪û

Ƣ޻ƵģĹŽȻ෴
Ѱ˵Լǿܻ˺Էʱѡ˳ĬЬţߣ֣˰byebye

ͺͨȴµ˼
ϲ˵ټ׷ȥ

һȥվ˲ֹһˡ
гԾؿ1601ľӣһģ˿˳۵кҲȻ˳ֻ۵׵ĵ⳹ͷ˳
ǸնӣѰ´ü졣

ľӸųЦøĪ⣺ԭ˵ڼأԭȥھӼ˰
ߵԣľӲֻС¿ڣ԰ȥױСҰǼˡ
û䣬ʣͻȻôණ
ˣտľһ֪ûãҶˡǰɣľ㡣

ľһеǵܵܡ
ܵܽľ⣬ʱ˰˹һʳġ
һװ˲СӴٹӾǺģ֮΢΢̵ơľӵӵԣԵġٽ㣬û˰ɣ
û·תת׸

ͷ1601ѰֱЦˡ
ԭ˶ġ
ˤ졣һһյȸ

ûһ˹Сš
Ѱ͸èۣ˻Ű壬𡣡
ٳè֣ϴκ˵ģҼտҪҪһ𣿡
ȥѰٴξܾ

ԸôܾȻ
һ㲻ʧСãɡ

̣ÿβһźۼ
ϰߵ˵ʽɸŰ忴飬˵ҲΪѰãٿţ

ˡ

۲ʹ˱ˡ
ľӽȰʳͽ˳֪ľӺɸֵرָľᶫָĴԵ㣬Ҹұ֤û˿
ҡûаܹܵŲӷ


ٰϷֱҳѰȥæ
ųţٽȥʱպľӳľӹ˹ļ򣺡߰ɣ۳ȥţܲŰæɣ

ľһˡ
ᳵ·شͷЩʳģҲŤͷĵ˵㣬ȥɡ㻹ûȫϸֻкˡ

Сպܴ
˵кӡ
֪⻹⣬ȫϡ

ﱻλʶƳ۳˶֪ǹ߳Ϥ˿̲ı飬ܾʾ
ľ´ֵ㣬ȥɣܿͺãҲðæġ

ôͰ͵
ľӶȥˣڶߴУ٣߰ɡ𹼸Ǽλе´ʦĺˣ

ٱľӷ˿
̣ûסܵڼҲôܸɵİ
Ҫ˭ҡľӷ˸ۡ
ƶǶŶ

ľӴСܵమɱȵ˿ϧתͷͼѰͬǲҲֹܣ
ѰͲ̫ˬۣʲô
һ۾ܱԷǲǰ̲Ĺܰ

ûشپͳľӵ䣺ôô۸ľ⣬ܵͦõġ
ľӺߺȷʵ
²ۣҲÿ

ٲһľٻͷʼѰʱѾһӡӺ÷ı顣
㿴óظһ顣
֪
ĳؽ˻⡣
ľڿһֱУȤ̾˿

˶࣬ľڳͷɻ˴˸ֳľ֡ͬȻ졣

ſأľʹ⡣
½ǰ˵޼١ЩҵĶľӳ̽ͷʣ㣬ҵ϶Ķˣ
нľӣн١
ȵȣá

ϷǷֹˣ͵ʹ÷֡
ٵķֹͲ˺ϴ룬ʱѾеһһû͡ǰòѾˡ

ٻûŲŲѰһվ
ɫӲ輸ƹȥһ䣺ȥҵϡ
õġٺȻνӣлл
һؽĻʱľӲŻ˿ڣױСҰô֪ҵĶ


Թϴʰ˹ư衣
Ȼ֪ˡ

ľͬһС
Ѱ˵Ұèëըˡľⲻ̫˵غ֪ôҡ

˭קѰû
ĵ̧Ƥ֪
ֱߵڶ룺ⲻô
ľ⣺

㳣ľĵʡ
һɡûо

٣ǶǵĿ͸ˡ
ľָ߬ŶҲңû̫㡣
˲ǺֻƮƮ˸Ŷ֡

ľⲻûȤ
ʳһ˳ȥϿ̡˳鶼ˣֻԹԵؽ٣㣬Գˡ
ľһܳԣǽܲܰ
ľ⣺

ʮӺ˽
λøպǰϵĵط
һƿƿװ⣬ʶľӣʲô
ɡľ֡

Ѱʲô
ƺϰƺ˽ûټģؽgeneʦǵľƵƵ˼ۡ
ѰÿҲѡ֡

ʣұߵľ⡣
תͷʣľأҪĸ
ľⲻ˼ٴͣԼֱȡǶ֮ǰѰȻڣԽ޴ңƿ

ٱϷǻһӦľ˵ʶȡϵƿݹȥ

ƿɵľ
ſ壬ɫƿӱָסˣֻ۵
̣衣





27.  ë꡾   ׶԰СкİϷ


ľԼˡ
һ, ˶Ǹؿٽû׹׽ľڿֵظһƬҶ
ٵ棬ľʲô, ֻܳƿ

Ʋֽӹ̲, ڵһߡ
Ƕֻȣ
šϲġľܡ
ҲԡѰ̸ƵģȻЦ, ̲ζһЩ

ٺټѰɵ״̬, Уġ
ֻΪµĵܵڳｻѡ

졣
ٴջע, ȫȫȥϵĺ廨
һ, ľ˳˵, λ÷, ɡ
, ľɢɢغ, Ͷ, ðײá

˴͵Ȼá
ٲʱϻһֻ, ڿϺҲջֵʱ򣬸պôݹһʪֽ
ֱֽʪʪ
Ѱ
ٽӹл

û쳣, ǶԽи˼
ľѡ˶ľȻû˵, 鷢ͬ, 

ľᴹ, 磬
廨ȷ֣һ, ڶеľǿʱƮƮһִˣһ顣顭

׶԰СкİϷ
Ѱмسǡ

ľûȥУǸɣҲҲûϵġ
Ѱ
һδ̲衣

Ѱ͵ü
¶꣬УɣұͲ̫廨
ľæ֣õģ㡣԰ɣ

ÿܼͥˡ
ľûܸܵߣСƿϣþȻʱѵúܣľһǿ鲻ǻûгôټһ벻͵ˣһһ룬˭Կ

ľⱻǺû
Թ԰ľӵֺּ廨һѰһԼĬǣ˭ûԳõ

Կ廨ôŵѰȷʵķ
ĽȦԲϲֱӻȦ⣬ҪӸԷ˿̣֮ͬʤ΢
һڱֹºѰ㿪ղϵĺ

Ĳݣ
ݣ͵͵ͷ.jpg
Ĳݣұˡ
ݣexcuse me

Ĳݣܷûа취Ը̲С
ݣ
ݣɲɣỹ˸ҲɣֱӲˡ
Ĳݣ

Էܴڶ￴޼顣
ҪܲҲðͷȺ⡣ϾһûˢȥĻ̸û̸

˺һֵİæ
ݣԸˣְ취
ݣҪôǱ衿
ݣԣٲо͵ҴϵףΡ

ǲܵġ
ѰɫֻضαϣעŲǰһСԼĽмЩװģ顣

ΪֳʳְעƲ˻
ôֲԣüǳԵģǡ⡢Ϻǰ

ˣչ˵ĵѰ
ٺľ죬ľӴӲԼˡľ⣬ԸͣƥСƵÿοϷµĲˣʶһ伾ѰҪҪںͲд˵ϣˡ
ƫƫ˻飬ǵģС

ľһѪĭĿڡ
ӣѸղ˵ļһһС㶼ڿ̱ԵĹѾָƽˣ㣬Ҫʲô𣿡
һһɡٵллľ
ûϵġСƤˡ

Ѱţ߳
ˡ

ֻȷʵǼ£ܲͣؼ֤ԡǰûģûģĳʱҵ㡣Ϊɣ㻹޷ܾ
˭̫蹫ƽˡ

Ѱһµ
ڸͬʱϸ׸첲ֱ½½Ĳ̡ͬʱǰѾСɽƵĵˡ
θѣԲôġԭƵһ߲ܵģɶʵǴڸʮ㣬Ȼһ㡣

ԼðĿ⣬պպϡּлظұߣ̫ˣ԰ɡ
лл쳣ϲ

ָоڰоβ͵˹ǽŵģ䱸ģô޺ҲԸ⿿ĳ·Сҡβһ
ܹɳɳСɤɹ̫
ɰ

ؾ׽۾óԣ
ͬһ̻⣬һô
ѰɨǰյĽϵԼƹȥ

ٶԼĹϸÿһϳƣؾ׼赸ԱʵڡľŮǣͬҳԡ
ǰպϵǿյģֱ߻һˮʱȥζϡһտݳˣֻǳֹ

¶ԥ飬ľռȻ˿ڣ㲻պϵģ㲻֪𣿡
ôѰ䲻ȵ˵
պϣ
ԸһԿଵ˭Ūôʢ˭

ǵֲƽջ
һ˵һھͺѼסߣֳһСڣˣСʱɡ
ⳡС֮սԼѰʤβ
һʤ̬棬ƺ˵Ŷء

ľɺˣֱ˶䣬ƽ
Ҫ

ľſֻòزһ䣺ǽ˶ʱҪ˵ĵطʵڲСϢ˶Ҳûϵġ

лľĺġ
Ȼʣµûᡣ
Ŷ˶ľӾʹˣǰھˤôû˹أʱиô˵šŶˣûϾͲǴ£Ҫˣպߡ
ľ᣺Ǻε˭

֪ľӰһǲˡ
ľ⣺

Խ̬ܵġ
ټֲˡ
ľӵɱжľܹãܳһʱû˵ԷˣίСϱ

ľӽӵ绰ӦǾ
ױţǰľһ䣺Լذٽʰһ£ⲻýɣ

ľǰǶʮТõܵľӲ˵Ҳ
ǼﻹһˣڿҿҵظɻԵٽͬǸҪǼһŮˣֻǸɻС
ľе㲻

ȿϵĲ˼ףľʰָ꣬տĵطǸɻ¶ͽǰɡ
˵ǡ
˵βȥѰ˼ǣôһգ

ѰվǾöԸеģڶַЧϲǰɣǾΡ
Ṵ´ǣʣǲڼҲ
ʲôľɻ
ɻǵߺġһһ
ʵк䡪װװװ£Ϊ˲ȡôССĹע

ϧʱˮ㵱ॴϡ
ˮһѰø־͵סءƺܿסٲƵµˮ飬Ǽ̰ɫĥѡ

ٷӦѸһæҲӵʱ򲻿ɱδ֡ǱˮʪˣЩָ

һ֣Ļ˹ȥ
Ƶġ
Ȼؽһ䣺ë

ƽʱͻ˵Ļ
ֻƽﳰζһЩ
ҵ£˭Ҳûʲôһ

ٴˮԼʰ
ʰó

ԼĪ˰Сʱ
ʰˣٴʱڿݲ裬һ̧ͷͿѰڳűߣƺڵһ

ûľһ֡ǷڿľڿѰĴӣ˵ȥӰɣ
аȥѰϾǵôס

ͳڼѰȻı˵֮ͬһտеõ
ҲͷǿԵģס
󣬿϶䡣

ľЩ͸ףȻԥԥȴشס
ʰ׵ѰȻűߣֻһִںɢɢţ˵ǾͲˡ
ľ⣺

һء
ﾲֻʣµĻϵϷڲ֪ƣط֡

ٰѳˣǲԵøϸϵµͦ-ҲۡʱصɳͿ˪˹š
ѰĿԽɳľһĻ
Ĵ·оɤ⡣Ūһȴע⡣

ֻǸףվڵɳ󣺡Ҳȥˡ
Ա𣿡
ͷ˸ص⡣
Ѱ˵С
Ŷ֪ˣ㲻̫ϲĶ˼ص˵ͷ

ֺȻΪ仰ͳ峿ıһɢˡ
Լķʽŵع۲ȻһΣͻ˵ദģʽıøȻгΪĳϸĸı䡣
ʱ˿̣ĳֻھӣܵܣ飬

Ѱƺ˶߾Һ
ĵ׾һѩ

֮ʵٴΰٻء˵졣š
ѰֲõԤУƫͷġ

û仰ʲôԵġ
ңȻˡ

ɳͼѰһǰһűߡ
һǸûõľ⡣ڿѰ˲䣬һ˿ȣܿ죬ȱ

СεӱǼ⣬Сʣ㣬ҵĳ񷢶ˡǸս˺һεû˽ӵ㣬㷽һؼ𣿡





28.     Ǹ硣


Ǻȥľġ
ֻͷ֮ͬǰ, ľѼѰһϵĳԿףȻû͸˻Σռʻ
ŶҲǡڨڨ

üμѰĳÿȴƽȡ
ȥľһ㶼˵ġ
һ˼ûУƢ˵·עⰲȫ, 

˵ʵû, Ѱ˻Կô
˶˼ˡ

ľòװٺԶ, ͻ, ʱ˿׵öʹȥˡҲڳǿ糣
ǼѰȥ, Сѹ, ϵʵϣľǱߵġ

ʱ, ѰŻ
ΪԵ̫, ٸʮ, ʱ֫ѵŶ, ֱֱֻ, ŷš

Ѱͨ

ٽյѶȥš
ʹһ˶, ͬһţ͹̡˶ɫֱͲ͡ưѴյͬҰӵһ
֫¶һ, ߷Сȴ˿Գ˱һɿ顣

Сڴ, ູˮϸ, ʪ˷ҡ
, ԡ

Ѱԭڿֻ̧ƤôһƳؽʧ޵ϻ, ˺ü¡
ԿԿס
һĿת𴦡
ллܵܡٻͷǽϵӣ̵˵ÿ찡㡣

ѰȺ󱻵ܵܺͺÿʸúܷӻ
ͻȻ뵽ҸŪˮ°һȥȡ
ŤͷȥұӣкȰſڷվô

ȥȣ
費Լˡ

ѰĻɽѾˣ򶼻ˡţûʵͿ̨˻ĵѹ

˿û֪ԷĲˬ˸800ccĴƿô๻
Ѱ޼ҿϱӱģ
ˮáٺȰ⣬㹤ǰ춼ŲģҪˮ֡
֪ˡѰͷָ

ԭǴֱߵģڵˮ
ִŰѣûסͻȻڣ㿴
٣
˵㿴ѰûôƢˣŬƽ䵭˵ϲ㡣

˭ٸɻˡ
ղǸСסѰҧβ
ԭߵĴСӲת֮˼Ҳ˵

һ¾ˣ˵ľⰡᰡҺľӴСʶľʶôҲͺľʶˡȵȣô˼ȡºŰ
ѰŲܴºŲºţֻ˵Ŷ÷
÷ôõİɡپһСɿʱһء


÷̶ֳȣȷʵɥʧ׵
ѰӱǻٿְҺԼʶʱѾǳ˴СҪȻŮ˻ǵԼʱĴ

ǵ㰵ӿ۳һУıǣš
һƽƾһ仰ǣ
ƽϢ¡

ֻʼ룬ԹԵͲ࣬ѸոպáľԸͦõģֹ

ԣ
޺ۣȴ˳

ѰȻ˷ǰľʵǸ⡪֮ǲҲһ۾ֱܷ̲Ĺܰ
ڵıľӲ࣬ڿһֱС
ʣء
Ҳܹ԰ٺԥ

Ȼгһܺ͹Դϱߡ
ǡ
Ů˹Ȼ۹⡣

ѰʧȥȤתߡ
ˮ׷ϼȥ½ǡ
ǰ˲磺Ҫ

ҶˣٺòקסϸĥͻȻĵ㣬Թ𰡣ô˵㻹Լʵģ
Ѱ

Ŷ֪ˣǵܵᡣ
Ѱ
跳ˡ
Ĭ˰ΣŤͷ˭ܵܡ

Ŷԭĵ
СѶϲװˡǼѰҰѱġ
ٱʾ⡣
˳СƢΥĵðɣ㲻ǡǸ硣

粨ƽٵҷ籩
ѰѾһƢûˡ
˸Ĵָ㡣
ң
ˡ

ıӰʧűٲӿֳһΥ͸Сվԭس˼һ顣
ǸʶļѰ˵߾ߣѹмڸκ˴к
ڣƢëţȴѧ֪

ˣ
ϸ룬仰ı飬ëֹԡ
ÿɰ

***

ʱ֣Ըдɨ
ŵʱѰ¼ңҲûڲߣɳϴϷһƽϵ磬ޱ߷ֵȫš
ӲҪ˵㲻һģƽʱ֡żơƵĳ߰һƿˮƿж󣬿Ժ1.2LĿɿڿ

ȻûڹԸҲ´ЦǺǵʣ
ѰרעϷϣֱÿ֨졣
ȹһأŷָһ񣺡ʲô
㻹ˮȰԸ˸ӳ£ڿء

ѰһĥеûƢ°ͣöʾ⣺㡣
˺ð죬ʲôƵͻȻתͷ

ԸĿڿʣѾֶֶֺ˵ڶѰԸ˸ˮãôˣ
Ѱ˿ͻĲˬѹȥûʲô

Ըƫƫĺĺδ˷۰ѧġ
Ҫȥ
Ѱ̲ˣǲⱲûȹˮ

Ҳź˶٣Ը縡˵ǣôСˣǰ֡
Ը˼ãҵʵıҵˮݽţ㶼գһ۵ġ

ѰֱһԣƢˡ
û취ˣŲСû

Ը磺
ĬĬ²ۣȻЩôӻ
׬Ҳûٰ

ԼòʱӦСڲʱ
磬û˯ѡٱ磬ûС
ٱ磬ͼ׷˲졣

ȫǢŵĿԸ֪ġ
˵ԼѰĲŻһݣͻδ޵İ汾ңõµ˿Ű졣һ㾫ͻᷢ׷һۡ
ǵڣû˵˭ڸ

֮⣬һֿܡ
ǾǼ׷סڳͷ1602˽Ѿͨˡ

׵ĻԸѾˡ
ۿСֽˡλǷ״̬ŻͷҪȥ׷ͨͨΪСڵƢѹ̫

ôţԸĬĬѻɳҳϵˡ١
Ը磺ʦðgeneڼӰӵŪǵĻأǵõôأ
پֻص÷ɿ죺ǰ࣬ر

Ȼ˽Ѿͨˡ
ԸԶ˵ڶֿԡ

Ը磺ŶŶǾͺáǱʲôԸ˵ģû¶~
֮⣬ǸڰС
٣õġ

Ըദľ̸Ըûᷢˡ
˵ô䣬˵ˣ̾ʽıŶû
ԸŶͷĬĬ̾˿geneƢҲ֪ദʲôĻʦҪⰡgeneֱڿˡ̫ʣ

٣ᰡ
٣춼ദر~
٣[Ц][ɰ][Ц]

Ը翴һ˺ţԼЦɰ
˳˼





29.     ̡


ٲ֪Ըʵͼ, Ǿƺֻܸ֪ͷԸ񡭡Ҫӯ
СĻڵؿöƢá
ֻ֮ñġ

սģľϢˡ
˸ίͰ͵ı, ˵, ҵ[С.jpg]
٣
٣Ӧõ𣿡

ǵþ༾ѰؼѾ˿Сʱ̫Ҳƫˡ
ľⷢÿֶѪ᣺˵°߷̫, ûԶͰҷˡҵ˵, վִ򳵣Сʱ
ľ⣺Сʱ[Сٴο.jpg]

ʱ, Ѱĵ㲻硣
ľڳжԽ, ԼѰٶȣһȷʵ̫ҲڸճžͰ˷¡

ŸѰ˸ʡԺ, Ȼ˵ľ˵յң
Gš
٣Ǹղţ
G˵ôʶ, ڸи޳, ˡ

G롭
Gô, ʲô⡿
٣ûʲôٴαл~[ɰ][ɰ]

ȥ, ԭľ©˵ȥ޳ǶΡ
ǳû, ֻܵؼҡ
ô㣬ʱ㶼ˡ

ʱ˿̣ѰеǸλޱԽСʮء͸ӹ졢˵˵޳Ҳԥͣ

ʦϰ, ⳵ûɶ⡣ôпٵȵȣСëҿʮӾܸ㶨
ϰ壺Ҷ, 㼱ɶ
ʦǳɶʱð
ϰ壺ȥŸ, ȵ, ٵȵȡ

***

ݺľõ޺õĳ
ٵĽѾָˡЩûűҷŹСƢ, ûȥĥ

ôˢȺҲôעšһŲŷ֣ҵۻ߶ȼڳµľϡ

ٸ֣ʦһ֪ý̽þ飬ĵľӵϷмŸ·͸ͼϴúܻ
ģľӵģֱϷĵġ

еӣƯҷǳרҵټϵƹЧãȷʵ㹻ޡľҲֻڽǶѡѷɫһЩ
ľƽʱ˽²ۣһ֪ӦŶӷġ
ŮһŮ֮ͣЪŵҲһֹŵȥţŵCλ

֮Ŷ£תʱ˳һšܻˣ˵ôÿŵʦָرӵİŹٲ
ͦĹٲһҹ֮˺öۣЩ귢ѵͼ׷ŵޡ

һŴѣһݵʺܸߡ
쵼Ҫ󾫣˵ҪѱɵƯ

ǳŵȺ衣
ʦæ֣ʦȥæˡ
ټѵңʦλٱλʦҪС٣һ㲻ͷϡλʦУƷ֡

ŵСǰ˳һˡ
ЩٶʶҲ֪ǸԵҰӯӯƼţҲΪȺ
ôʱ䣬ܶһĽɫˡ

ֻӯӯӿʼһֱֳֹӡ
üα;Ʈʦץס

ʦѵ⣺۾㷽򣿾ҲôCλרעͱˣ
ӯӯǺһһصǸ

ʦԽϲͽԽϸǸˣ̨Ҳô˭Ǹȥԭ˼ģʲô
֣ʦԲˣŬ
ϸ񡣡ʦ飬תͷʾ٣ⲻϸ񡣡

֪ʦƢԽȰԽͷ
ʦҵһ㼾ѰӰӣȻǰЩѰǶ²ûջѧʲô˳ëۡ
ڣپ͹ԹԼϲȻ˵ôһ䣬òãȽ˽ӯӯ顣

ȫ˳ʦģͬʱҲ֪ӯӯʦܿͻӡѡǸ汾
ôȻľôˡ
ˣCλɡ

Ȼʦߺ˼û

ӯӯ֪ڰ۾ģһл˹
ɩӡẰһ
ʵǺ˳ˣȺӯӯˣٸĿڣӽ㡭

Ӧ˺ʣղϿʲôװױ
˵ҸǸ顣С˵Ѿ֪ˡҾûа׵˼ǡЩûˣ˵ΣҶվߣ
˵Цġ
԰ôûϵҲġ͡ҸҲ㡣⣬Ĵ

ٵѾˡԺžͱˡ
ӯӯظã
˵ȥ̲סһ䣺һ˵𣿡
԰ɡ

ӯӯվԭغٺɵЦ
ٴߴˣĶΪ˵ȥʦٵǸҪȻҿɱסCλ
ӯӯСƵĵͷһСܻصѵҡ

ЩûǰԶ
ٰסĿϸϸһŸôЩӣѾǵͷԷεѹоˡϾ
Ǿһ㲻

ٻذ칫ſϣоȫ
Լܱǣֻ˵ԼһǴˣΪԶ

°࣬ԼЩ
ҲԶʲôȵĻؼңʳ滺滺ѹ顣
ôųͣСſڡ

ɭڵ·תǿڣǽ滷ƣܿ˳߼Ϳ˼Ѱڱ
ܵܵĴ磬ºڿѼñϸ׵Ķߡ
ڱǰվ˲룬ƿˮתȥǮ

̨ǰûбˣƺƳԱߵĻܡ
ٲ£ǸŵĴ̡
˶촽̬ġԱСһǶƦֻ޵ֿ

ټʮ׵ľ룬͸ССŴŴʣҪʲôӵġ
Ų¶ˡ
ΪѰܿɨۻܣ¶ˬı顣

ûҪӣǣ

Сظһ顣
׶ˡ߽꣬س˸裬Իͬʱ̨ǰҲѭ˹
뼾ѰĿڰײϡ
룬ѰȻ˵ˣҪˡ

ûϵҪʲô𣿡
ûˡ

ӹˣȥ˿عٵͷȥ
ŻҪ裬ֻ˺ȵĶ̡
̨ʱСﻹҪҪԱÿһͻ֣ձܵڶۡ

پͰŽˡ
һûһ룬ڿĳƵǺTǹʴݣñжϲˣӦòˡһôںŻݻӡСΪͬ˵仰治ס

ͬվ̨ǰٵĺ˼뻹ûȥͻȻ˵˾䣺㲻ģ
Сһһէ
˵ԱأôͻȻ˽
öѪˡ

Ѱšˮͷ˼ڣø٣𲻿ģ
΢㶣˵
Ȼءӱǻͷĺظһ飬𲻿ģ

پԼһ㶼ûֳġ
ܺõڸԼƽʱһޣƿȶ̣ŶӸǮ˿û⣬ھǿûа
С϶

ȶ̰Ķˡ
ԭأԼ©ôôһССẹ̈ͱץ˸ء

̧ۣÿߴƵ°ͣ㣬ŸǮ
٣
̡´ģ̡

е㿨٣Լͺˡ
Ѷ̷ŵ̨ϣС˵ҵġ

СﻹڸղŵĴУεָˡ
æȥɨ̡
һĶάСǰ
Ѱǳˬػ˻ֻɨҵġ
С⣬ס

󣬼ѰһԼƿˮҲ̨ϡ
٣䣺ڴ

žͲǻΪյˡ
һ½½Σˮǣǧ㡣ƿʮǮˮʮ࣬Ϊ˴683

ᵽѰʲô
ģڶ

Ŵһƿ̵ݹ̡
κˬ죺ð
ҲϲЩһʳü߰ɡ
ŶҰٺ֪Ц
ƽƽ˵˷ѡ

Բôյ
ٵȻ˵ڡؽӹӣѽ˷ѡֻιĽ㡣

קúǷı飬ٶĲĶɢˣ˵ôһѾʼ޹ʹĶ

紵ϣ˿Ժܿڱѩ¶ȡ
룬ԭŤŤĹ˫ġ
ÿɰܵܡ





30.  Լ   һԼע


, Ϧڵϡ
ӱûϳſڵĻ̳ˡ
ѻﱧŵһŵ, ˫ֺŵ, ͷѰ𣿡

ط˹ضεѧռš
ѧ, ٻؼ, ſԵģڱſڵĻ̳, ̸۽ѧУַʲôȤ¡, ҵ·˦øһУ, ഺ硣

ٻڻ̳, ռСǵĵ̡
û, Ѱһ, Ҳ
ӭ΢, ˵Ҳºֻ, ͵ͺȸ̰ɡ

˵ȴ÷·ڽŮ¡
Ѱûӻ, ϴ߷ҳΡ
һһĵ˵, ŵ˷ѡ

һǽǹ, һз
, ѡзΡô׵ĵˣȷʵ˷ѡӹΣӱԵʼ˺װֽ

ѰۿʣµĽǹ, 򴽣ϲз
٣һ㡣
Ϊʲôѡǹ㣿
طʣ㲻˵з𣿡

ѰէȻҳԿ଼ǻأΪԺֱܲ׷űһ󴮼ɿڵĶʱǸһʱߵġ
зȫڲġ

ӿһɸӵ֪Ϊôһ˵ͱ˼̣ΪġѰǼ⣬Ʋߣ
˰ٴ
㻹
˼룬˵һء


ͷһȸ˹ȥߴߴ
紵Ҷ졣

֮ĬãѰҶеһڣڲʲô
ѹ󰡡ģĲģûʲô˵ġ

ѰߣͲ
üѸȾһ
ָо˵áС˵Լķգ˺ٻС˵ԼͲʡ
ǲ꣬ڵλȴƽȡ

ѰԸɢһ֮Ѿҧ˵һΡ
Ϧۣ¶һı飺зȻҲ´βҾ

ǣˡ
Ѱû˵š̵ݹȥ
ﻹҧΣصлл

ڻ̳ߣӭ磬˿ûϴӹĴ꣬ССΣˡ
޹޴ǰŻŲظϵˣȴʼǣֵˡ

پ׽һڣ̾㿴ð
ûѰػء
ƽ漣

¶һҲǺͨһ仰ûκθ˵ĵ㡣ѰȻñǻᡣҲѧƣ˫ֳͷϦš

ĸж˺ܳʱ䡣
ٳ֣ok
Ӵ﷭ǴˮǣζģһԼҧţһŵݸѰ

Ѱ𡣡
軨׷𰡡˵ˮǻ㡣

ѰȻûƴǡ
ڿǻӿȻʶҲζġûЩ飬ֻ뵽˴֮ζһģ;ķҡ
ӻ̳ȥ󾱣ȥˡ
ðҲء

ٸ
Ŀȣ̧ۣ߹һСǵ״סȥĳ嶯ͻȻ뵽źһݣڱصġƱȥȥ

ȥȥʲô˼
ȥһȥ

ѰĬſǰΣ˼άɢ뵽糡
ȥԺûϵ
ʲôӰ

ƺǵ̫ãһ顣
ֱ׵طʣȥ
´ڸԼüᶨȥġأ벻ȥʲô

Ѿ״̬ˣҪƵѰС
˵ƣֳ㡣

ķӦһж
ûзԣԾԺҲûкܴ󿹾ܡⲻļˡ
ԼĵС
糡ѰһԼЩģƬαø

ðȥƱ㡣˰塣

˵Ʊ
ʱһϣʮ
ƱͱѰڰ̨ϡÿ·ƲסƳһۣƱȵطš˵û˼άȴһĳЩصС˼

ѰԼƿˮص㿪ֻ
ֻĻͣڰСʱǰùҳϡ
Ȼ֣һԼעǵ˸ˡ

***

һܺ
ݿСʱѰһ翴˼ٴֻ

ûϵҲûֻƬǵ¼ͣǰ
٣ڲڼѽ
Gڡ
٣ҹƱ~
Ͷˡ

Ѱٴ̧󿴱ڳԺƱʱҲܿԣˡű߿ųͷ1602ĴŰرţûа㶯߲㹫ԢĵģԼǻĻ졣
ȥԼȥ

Ӻ󣬼ѰƵԼ˵ؿ⡣

Ժſڵһ£Ȼǵ㿪ֻ
ûδûδӡ
ڼʻʶƱٿغȻչϸʱ͵ص㡣ûдǽ죬аСʱݡ
Ϊʲôʧˡ

Ѱڵֲס˵һϢ
ǾԺĶλûиԡ

ʮӺ󣬵ھԺΧOO@@Ľ̸յĻ
٣ˣ
٣ں̨æأߵǰˡ

ŶҲǡ
ŵݣæòɿҲ
ѰüģͷŶ

õԷĻţûëͷСƵĸֻˡ
ֻþŽ㶵
»˼磬ȫοԺƹ⳨ͬϯÿһڵȴһݳ

Χ
ֻмѰֱߵλʼտšڵڶм䣬Ұѡ
иŮС˵ұߺû˰ôõλá
ǰͬһкص
һ˳ҪûˣҪǱŲһɣ
Щԥٿ

ѰյһֱڱĿ
ƿƤ˹ףôԵأźۼֱߵĿλϡ
棺˼ˡ

ŮƲƲ죬̫ˡ

뿪мӣλȻš
Ѱ۱
ֱͷϨΧٿ谵ֻʣ̨һյ۹ơеĹ߶̨еעҲŲ˵ƹ¡
һɱȻ谵ոĿ

Ÿˡ
ƽ£

мʮгϢ
ѰûȥֻȻ˾ֻǷڿ㶵ģκη紵ݶǶݵôһ£ܸо
ϧ볡û˿

ʱƹͬ硣
ȥ͸͸̸̡ܶⳡжྫʣšһ·жڼִһŰȫͨʱĿȻͣפˡ

Ժǰ벿֣ϡϡ
ˣȺһۿ١
һŵĽΪſյڣë硣ƹ޵ëյøҲĵԽ
أĿתԶѾɢ˳̨

볡Ӧö⡣

Ѱڴֻľߵߣۣô⡣
ƫ䣬ɢŲϢ

ٱͻš
̧۱ϼ룬ϳѰΪݣͷһμװڳ˿ʹؿ۵ϣȴȻڲסƦүֲȷУҰѱʸŨһЩ
ٻ㱻񣬡˵ʲô
ô⡣ظڡ⡱ϡ

ŶǸѵøܵѹȸУ˵ղſ˾ûٽȥӰ쵽ˡ
Ѱ΢Ͳ˵ʵ

ôģܱ
ڳɷܣҲܱ
ĬĬ̾˿˵ʵҲ̫ǰ档֮ǰΪԼˡȥʱ򣬻е㡭ȥԼǹء

Ѱ֪һ뵱йء
ҲȫӰ죬ȴԼȥĹؿ
ϲ̨ˡ

Ѱ˵ѴڱϵϿλһӡֱ볡ƹȫҲûǰȥ
粢һŵĽ䡣

ƵĻƵˡ
ƳĲһֺǿҵĵУǺġо̫ǿңǿҵ˵Ӱ
εµ֡

ડ
̨ƴƴͬʱмλϡ

ٴӻкݺݳ
ȫע̨ʼ̨֮áƺֻʣյƣԼӰ
ð̲ס̾

Ѱлͷ
һƬ谵У۾ؿ˿ϣвĹ⡣





31.  ƻ   Ƕá


ҹŵ, ʽ
лĻʱֳҲýѡͷʱȻڱС̨ǰ˼, ʻӵȶ, ȴԵø塣

һδô, 𣿡
Ѱעûǫ̂ϡ
ϰ볡Ϊĳȱϯ, °볡ΪĳûȱϯĬ˺һģɵش𣺡ɡ

ʵӵͦġ˵, мǸӯӯ, 츳ŽһCλˡ˵Ҫǵȡ񡷱ź˾ϸ, ҾûͷϵĻЩ
ȥͻ, ΢΢°ͣ, Ǹӯӯ

Ѱ˳Ų̛Ͽ, ̨иС, ϴȥŲι, ֣ʦ񡷵ľ
ĺô
Ѱش۽ޣ
Ҳ

˵˾٩٩̸ƣѰϣ, Ϊʲô
ң㶣̫Ҷߡ
ת, ˵Ҳа

Ϊʲô׷ᡣ
ҡ粻СҼʾ, ܶදûô, Ͳÿˡ

ôһӼǻ¶µֱǼ硣
ϸȴ
ֱӷղ˵Ǿ䡰ÿ

Ѱ˳, صᳰĿûô֪У

ò˰ɣԼҽڡ

£磬棺ʲô
±ɳ̲ϡ

ɲֹһα⿪ˡ
ǰ˵ϡ
Ǻ˭˭ϡ

յһ֮λ϶꣬ں졣˫ؼлȴ˿û
˵
һСȴѵĵֱܵ⡣Ӷòȥ濼¡

ԼҪ뿪ŵġΪòΪ̨ΪٸŶӵ뿪С
ΪԼеĿ־ǰǼ¡
ЩǷԼ

ÿ·ţѵٶ뵽Լӡ

𰸵Ȼǿ϶ġ

ͬʱҲʱʱ̰̿ƽԼĸҪԼһ覴ãҪ»ĳɼ֤Լ
ȷʵΪ£Ǽ´ӰǲǸԼңӡ
˺γôʱһֱֵĽڡ


˳ȥ߳

˶˵Ƣã
Լ֪ʵᣬ͵һɶʤϡ
ͬԶ֣ٲԼ䣬˵а˰һǧҲҪѿĻһѪķʽ

ϵƻͨյӭͷϡ·𿴵̨ϵľ۹ƣΧһƬڰֻʣһյԼʱǾ۽֮

̾һںܳ
úԼ˵һġ

ȥ
˵ԵøһЩڱϵףü۵ʹȴǵסеĽ
ظȥʲôµġ

***

Ȱûʤģʲôµġ
Һپһֱܸоĵ׵ĴſϣָʶػĥĶ仰

Ѿܾûбǰˡ
ԱݺƳʱһ˲ã

ѰǸǨͱ˵ˡʲô˵ʲôȥ
ܴ۵׿δ˵Ļ
˶ԣΪʲôǸ˲㡣

ٶһ؝

ʮһ㣬绰ͷӻ
Ϊһ؝ϰȷˣôˣô˯
棬㲻Ҳǡ
˯ˡ؝˵˵ʲô¶

֪ŮĪĸҹͨ绰Ծ¡
Ҳˣ㱨ȥŵˡ

؝ǰûʣӻﻹ
ĸŮģ؝ͬʱ֪˵ʲôأһ؝˵ȥͻȥֲǵ˵͡

ĳɲǣ˼Ѱ˵

˼أ̾˵ڻûվ̨ϡϿݣһֱһšҡܻţԺҪȫѲݡй⡣
˵⣬˺һż裬ﻹܾȥ㡣Ҫȥˡ

؝ϣ֪Ϊʲô˱ôȰҶҪס
Ϊʲô˳ⷴʡ

Ϊ׵ġ؝˵ӣͷͻȻޱ٣šҲҪ˭飬ɾܷſ˷ɡ
š
У֣ʦ֮ǰҲüνȰȥ衣ԼҲ͡؝һһ˵ڼȻҲ˻ȥ뷨ҾûҪˡҪͨˣֱȥ֣ʦ˵û˲ӭȥ

û˲ӭȥ
ʲô

⼸ߵġ
ڶԶС䡣žһתȣͣľ֤Լ״̬û»

Σϰñ۰
ٴν˶Ҳû̫⡣ʹʹϰҼ΢ʡ

ӦԭĽ࣬˿һֵؽ
ȻѾģô֣ͬʦڡǵȵţһȴֺȻ˿ˡ

˵ʱ֣ʦίȰڸԺƤҪ
پһ죬ûƳħ
ϵʱ˶ˡ

ѰԿ׶ϣԼſϴ磬ûš

ķѾ˿˿ů⣬ԽԽˡ
һжƿ¡˹

ٳ̾˿ŵ졣
ƫͷմ߳ļѰ

ʶһȽֲ֪꣬Լ˵ʲôͺ;ˣԭת˰죬ҪһԼһѡ

Ұɡ
ͻȻûͷûβôһ䡣

Ѱ΢ԭѿڶǡͻȻʲô衣
ʵʵߵȴǣʲô

ͷ룬һ˵һ䣺úã״̬û»Сһ»صš
ԽԽС˵Լн

ӣ˭ﶼԵίͰ͵ġ

ѰԼ½ͷˡ
ɿ֣ɶߴӾߴȥ룬Ѿǰ

ı½ͷˡ
˿ƲסԼƵģֳǽϣ֮ľ뱻ѹƿ

Ѱ۾䣺
úá
״̬û»
ܻš
ĩˣһ䣺ǣá

˵ʱ۵̰塣
ٻǱƻˡ
ܲ˴˿õжֻһͷıǼġؿ崹ࡢϸϸĶߵlogoŵɢĵζ

̫ˡ
ⶼʲôԡ
ΪƵһѣ˳

ǸС
߶˸ˣƵĹ

Ƥ£ͳֻ֣ͨʦĵ绰
ιǱ߽ͨ
֣ʦһͷǼĶ񶨶˳ŨܵĽëϡʶţƺȾֻصʢǻе첻µزµӰӡ
ܼᶨ˵ȥ衣





32.     ֪жˡ


֣ʦ˵˺ܳʱĵ绰
ڼ伾ѰάŹƻһδȷ紵, Ů˵ĳмƮҷžָһ
ָָȻźۼջء

˵˵绰
Ҷ, ۽һ̧, Ŀײ
ˣѰʡ
šٵͷ

ȥˣ˵
ҵȻܻȥˣٻָ˵, ֣ʦȰѻҲ, ŵʱ߱ˡ͵˾ͻȥ
Ŷ

ֱ۳ֱ˵ľ롣
ղųǽڵֻȻ, Ѱһ, лĻͱ˵ˣ
ͷ, ˡ
ٺϳβá

Կ, ˵֣ʦ˵, ŵû֮ǰ, ǵðѡ񡷵ıŪáûµĻ, 㣿
һ, ¶һϸ̣֫ͦڽţп¡

ƺѪա
ô˿û֪
Ѱûôڿ㶵ָĬĬȭ״

˵, 㣿վֱ۾ڰ׷
˭˵ˡ
ö, ֻðһ֣Ŷ

***

ѰʵѾŪòˡ
֪Լڲʲô, Ϊֹֻǰಿ֡Ըϴջڳɹ, ѧ˺ܳһС
ϵóЩŪ÷Щ׷һﳬֵĴ

Եٵڶٽ¼ҵʱ, ʣе
Ѱһ䵭ϴβࡣ
㻹ǡ꣬ԵϣķӦöá

ѰԼ̱ɳϣŵأת
ءôС
پãöֶǰԼµĳŵˡ
۵׷·в˸㿴ɣֳġ

¼ұϳǰ䣬мղ
ǽǱһơԭľɫĵذ壬ֻΪһĵƹ⡣׿Щ߰ܣ׹ʱǰСȻ̨

Ȼ̨
þûվ̨ˣһ״̨С䣬ҲЩԥԼӳ;֪֣ʦҲصĲǻٳӦ

ٳãǾ
ָָ棺ǡҪȥǱԣ
ѰƳ۲ǽͷһƽȥ¡

һѰֽι
ٻͷƺﲶ׽һ˿ǡصúҪͬӴˣֻǸꡣ

ٺȻЦʣĻͲ˵Ҷǵأ
ѰɫŹֻ֣Ť˵һ䣺˭Ҫ㡣˵
ʲô
޷޲ƽҵ

ķ̫ɰˡ
𴽽ǣ㷲׵Ժ
ƿţľذվһ顶񡷵ĶҪ졣鶼ˣŶŲǽͷͷʾ⣺ϰġ

мĲǽոġ
Ѱ;ܲµ˼ԭ汳֡

ƬԵǰ屾ܵ뵽ĶĲˮ䣬ƽ硣ֱ۷ȴһ㣬°ھ֮һЩĿŮϸݣһŹ
·ƷÿƲۡ𽥵شתңԽԽ죬ԽԽ顣

û֧꣬ٿͣ˸-㡣
ޱѾʪˡ
Сڴ˸ͣơĺͣҲͣˡ

Ѱ´ͨѶء
ôʡ
Ϣһ¡ֳסȣ̫ˡá̫ˡ

񡷵ѶȺܴ
廹ûȫӦҲƬ̨ͷƹյͷĿѣ亹Ҳ乵س

žһѰصͨѶһȥ
ûãӰڸϵһߣ˱ˮ


ٴʱѾָվˣ˫ֵؿڳ˼ȴŽӹˮҺӺ»һѹ˾ҵÿҪǻࡣʶ´״̬̫ãٵ

ôƬѰȻ֪˵״̬ʵ
û취ԼֻҪڿһ˼̻òɷ

Ѱݺ߬ȭǣƽֱţûƬúá
Ҳܿó̫ˣˣ룬Ҹղûλǹ۸в̫ã

ɨһȦͷظָɵϵĶûƬﻡԲ
أ
ֱۣߵ㡣
šУ
ȡ

˵ĻԽԽһ֪⡣
ֱǶζ⣬˵ȣѾڵϷˡ룬ֳ˼ȲŤͷʣȣ

ô˰
ͷ͹ҧֿ㡣

ֿͷֿ£ô
ú˵

ȻûţûϹԼѵȻǳţ˼׼һ˸о
Ѱ˵öԣʱ󿪴ϲŻÿ

赸ٿԡ
һƳѰ֪ʲôʱת˹ȥַ¼ҵϣһƬ糺졣Ի󣺡ôǺģ
Ǻشţƣȥˮ

ȸˮŻʮӵʱ䡣
ٽʱͬƽʱûʲôɫָ䵭ĺҲȥ

˶ˣղûõĵطҶˣҪٿ𣿡
űߣֹ
ǾȴӸղŶϵĵطɡš

ȵȡ
÷ƫͷôˣ
ѰָüģѾˣˡ

Ǻ¡ٴһ¼׷ССҪͺ߶ǶΣҲҿòã
ұ˰㿴ѰӲ˵
ٰһΪʲôӦҲû˲ô࣬ôɣ

Ѱİ
ǳ󲻳ôһеģô㿴
ôţɫ𽥲Ȼ۵һ˿ץץͷ

ٺ֪׹
òǣ˰ɣ

ѧ赸ʱʦǺ¡Ǻܶ赸ҵĿԻǿһЩƽҲǴ赸𲽵ġ
һпʼŮʦſ硢ѹȡ赸ⷽ棬˵ѾʥûŮ֮֡
էȻ

ѹ˼ָ㡣
ѹڵز졣
ѹֱ˱Ť

̲סЦһЦô죬߶һ𶶡
Цü·Ρ
ں߰ɣ

һѪشơѰˣ˭躦ߣ
ѸٰǸ䵭ʮľָӣȣֱ
٣~

Сͦء
~

ܲԾƯ㡣
ѵ÷Ū
Ŷ죿
ҲҡͬԼʦԣҴһ

ƺΪ֤Լûߣ䱾˸
ȫƬëãһ֡һ֡ȷԭȡټֱһʱĸ߹ѵ
ͣʱͷѾϸ
ĲʸУߴ߸okʦˡû

ӣѰһûб֮ˬС
ۣβ˵ι㿴ǹģô档
۵ֻСȵͷ֪

´
ҡΪʲôҪСٷʡ


갵ҧ
Сǰɡ
֪жˡ





33.  һ   ҪҪٳ


ֱ뿪1601, Ѱǳġ
ֺڣַСƢļɻ䡣СƢƺᱻСÿνܵܣἰ, ᷢ湥
, ûֱӶɱ

ֻǺְҵµġ
ǰһU̡

Īʲô
ӡ, Ҫҡ
ʲôʱŪõģһ, ʱ򲻻˵Ūϴǵطô

űߣβ΢΢´
ĽǶǸȫקı, ˵ߣڲ, 
ڲôأû
ϲ, ܸ̾ۡ


U䵽
ΪôС¶, ؼҵһ¾ϵ, ʼɡǰǶ, ڹĵܼʱ, Ȼÿ
ٱ, п·һ̣סġĸľ塣

赸е˼롣
·һαص㡣ǰǰ˶汾˵·ͬԸٻȥ, ˵ֻ̰ġЩˡ

еΣϸϸ
ԭеʵȫµ, ǸıࡢɵݡıеԢ⡣, Ϊ˰ҲΪ, Ϊɡ
ŬѰɵ

ٺȻΪʲôƽôgene
ĲŻҡ
˼άɵ, ͬʱҲǸ߰Ըġ

ٷ˺ü飬δ̲סϢ̫~
G
٣ʵ⣬ģ

Gհ桿
٣ûʲô˰Ҫ޸[ҡͷ.jpg]
Gš
٣ﲻˣⲻǺ
Gûм˵[Ц]

ٶĻ˺һ
˵˸Цı飬Ƕ˵ǼѰͷһЯ顣֣ЦζԻ˼
ٺĵػأǺðɣΡٸ~
٣ǸС
G
٣Ǹ¼ͦõġܽ[.jpg]

¼ҵʵ̫Ȼ̨ˡ
ٵһʱ򻹻亹乡أʼѧӦָоϰߵֹˮ꣬ǲҲζ̶ܴϿ˷˶̨Ŀ־֢

֣ʦǱ߻û֪ȥ
ٲȥŽóءǰ˳ʱĽñ˿Լӡ
ҪЩܾöԷܾ
Ǹ䣬ֿɰĵܵܡ

ȻӺ
GȷһʡԺţʽش𣺡㡿

***

˳õ
ѹ֮ʱ룬һµı裬һϰ˲ţ1601¼ҡ
ʱѰڣ϶档
ʱڣžԹԲȥˡ

Ȼ֮ͬǰһ͡
ͷϢҵСƢɹͽͣڹˡ

ֻҲһ̬ʱپԼ˿
ʱȥˮῴͷһԡ߳ϴ裬ֻһɿ˶㣬Ѳע⵽ǲʮļĺȻԣ˲񣬺ÿҪ
ʱĿбӴ·ȼˮٻȥĮֵȫˡ

ٺü˵ҪҪٳһǸԶ졣ȥֶǰ

ôôϲ¡
㣬ȥίɣʺ㡣

ϾңֻùסԼ۾ȥ

ԼĪһܡ
ʱŵصһ
棬1601ҲϡѰųԿ׳ϡ

ͬסһ㣬ʱ档ʱװͰ͵С̷꣬ͷƤָɴ࣬ʱʱ̶̿Сޡ
ڣͷһЩ˶ñԭˡһۣ۵׵ĿڲɢһЩһЩ

Űٹĵ
šһʣҪ¼ң

תŵƣټæϣûá׼ȥء˼ҵĵ̣˳˵֣ʦȥμӿˡ֮ǰģŵĿˡ
˵ʱ۽΢΢ѹϰԴЦ⡣õϢһĿȻ

ѰŶһƽ͡

գض°䡣
ѾԲˣ˵ջžͲ¼ˣˡ

˰죬䶼ûֻ֡ǵ˵˾͡
ٵȻȥûȤЦ⣺֪һŬġ

ͬʱµ⣬ڳֱ
ţѰδ֪

ҪŵϢֻ֣ʦ֪νĿ˾֪ͨŵʦһ𡣶ٵĹ׺״̬жһС
׼ĻͿԵݵ鴦ˡ
ʦǰԤԼ˵ص㣬һ¥Ķ๦ܴһգһǰĻľذγһ̨

ٱΪѵңȨѡأֻûڿԼĺࡣ֣ʦһ๦Сοû¶ĶһֲˣϹš
áٷЦЦ

¼ҵʱ䣬ͷƹ㱵Լ̨롣浽һ̣ƺֻصССһ¼ҡ
ŲѰǣ濴죬ֺڿ
ô鶼ˣû©

ʦ豸һʱ˵Ŀ
׷¡аɣ
˵ĵĿһ


ʦ֣ʦڵһŽ̡
Ҳ±ƽĸҪ³ɳġһһ״̬΢һó

ȫڶĽ任Уֻν֮Ķ̴һϢ֮䣬̨¿Ĺ֣ʦƫͷʦ˵ʲôʦ΢΢ͷ
һתͣ£ٱǻСȻλʦɫ

ˡ֣ʦ䣬Сϸ˵ŲŶãҵ״̬ˡ
ţСʦԼࡣԲʣСϱߵ߽ҪһΣ㿴Ρǡ˵

ʦʵ֣ʦ
֣ʦٵ˽⣬ȺܸߣȻѡŵġǺԥһѣ˵ɣþûˡ
Сʦʾ٣֣ʦѡġ

֣ʦ˽һһο˾ӷ⡣
赸Ҫ񻶼óġԼΪһⰼ۵ߣչʾ

ڱݼ϶ע⵽ʦվƺΪ˸͡
һԭأͬʱǣʦȣ㹴˷̨µ۵ʡ
顪

ٵĵڶ˲ȣʧȥ˿ȶӶ۵ʵʱһأƬտĿռײ
ʱҽ棬ƺǰͻð졣

еһжˡ
亹乣عѾ˰ġȫˡ

ͣ
ͣ¶
֣ʦԹƵϸӸⲻƽ𡣡
̨ʲôпܷʦ侲ӦԵҲһءѵ㷢ȥˣ
ʦ˵Ȼе֣ʦƿԡ

ٵʦҲֲ֪ðɣ
ٴƤӿһһŨҵʧС
ǵģıֲ
ûÿֳ֮ȥں̨µĶ

©ǲ̵ġ
ƫƫǣˡ

ǸҾڻǲʺϻ
ʦİ

ʧһپѾ֪ˡ
ʦ赸Ŀ̶̳ͬϲ£һ֡ʦȫȨӹܣϵĴëҲ˹
֪ʦ˵ûǻ̲סʧ䡣
ҪȥģԼ״̬ȴȻŵż֮⡣

֣ʦļ磺û£ȡ´ο϶ͳˡ
ЦЦţ֪ˡ

ûʲô±ѡܵˡ
ʼնԼҲѽԼʧ

ʰ뿪ţʱֵ磬˺߷ЩʧԶпᲱбƮҷᵴˮԲ̨յϸСơ
ľɫһղ䣬ƺҲͣԭء

£˿
ղһֱŵǹɾڱѹȥתȥȻ˽֣ǺܼȴϤһι

¥սǴŷ·ͣ
Ѱղǿŷббųţﻹֵֻͨ·ˣȴкĵ⣺Ǹô

һ׾ŵվ£չ߲׺ĺɫס
˵ӻͷپòǣµ׶СоһطѸݡ

ô⡣
ĵһɲǣէȻǿҵֻ֧ۿƲƲ죬סˡ
ô

û˵ƺı顣
վֱ򢳯ķ΢ϳ
ЩƵɤӦ

ĥʲô͡
Ҫȥġ
ϳֻŶԵü꣬һģҹ㰡
ӣŵߺߣҹ㻹ࡣ





34.  ߿ա   ǧ׵ĸ߿գˡ


˸ʻ, ŵԼ֡
Ȼûͣ˷ǳŨصӡ, ⷽûо, ҲǷſ˻׹
ֻǾñɶԵøǿһЩÿһɶǺϡָо, ͺ

ٲ֪, ͳҲ֮Ծ
ƫͷӾղŵĲͬ˵ľɫһԭ, ԽԽԶ

һ·⿪
֮ûжĶԻֻּ϶˸绰, Ķ绰ͷ˵ʲô, ֻͨߵĻ²ݡ

ˡ
ɽǰܵ, ҰûС, 
, Լ

Ҫȥģ
ڲ, ˵̫ɽǰִܵ, ҪҰû⡣
ῪԶȥǸԶϦ
ԴʲôҰͣԶ
ٽźӾɨۺᣬտյʲôʶû

ʻһٴû·, Χ껷ơ̲ס棺ǵҪȥģ
ʱλƢõĵܵܲҪЦЦغһ
Ĵָô, ¡
٣

ǰиŮˡŶ, žô͵İɡ
Ȼ󣿡ٺĽӲ, ͨô̵Ƶʿ˵㾭СƢÿҪڲˣͻ¶缴óѵСʱǱϸ΢仯, ʱڣûƵʲϼӿ졣

˵Ů·İھӣ޷˼ҵĳȳ˽⣬òԾʣǵҪȥġ
µѾµˡ
·غİھӿȻЦ˵Ůˣ㷢̫ˣҪרСĵطȥ
Ѱ

οְɳļӸô¶
ֱЦˡ
Ů˷ǵûһ㾯Ǯ

ͷЦ˺һֱӣ˵ھöˡοŵһ㣬ʣȥĶҪԶĻ˯һᡣ

Ϊ˽Ŀ˸ԼеʧߣŵƵġôãǰ͸һɹˡ
ںĺȥģԶԶԼ˯һ
Ѱ
ΣһԼ˽㡣

ڳһ˯رȡ
ʱѾ·ʻˣͣһƿķ΢ϴ
ۿһԼһͣƺϡΧɢɢͣ˺Щӡȥûʲô¥ãƺһƿҰ

ʻϵ˲ˡ
ٵ˺һнŲֹһ˵ġ

ܸ㰲ţȷԼܴ
أ
һϤټͬʱֱϤĳϢ

һЦЦСҸ㰲ȥֱӹɡ
á

ſڴתķ򣬺öһȳƵֱۡ־ͣڰգҪŵơ
ˣֱ۶˶٣Ϊ۴ơ

ཡ
Сĵطˡ
ûסһЦˣ˰Ǯ
һë塣
ˣ

˵Ųȴ˳
û˳ϣȻʹ˷ĳ÷ۣĶһƳͿ˼֣XXɡء
ɡأ

ٴûЩ֪ɡˡ
񿴵һ磬΢ţɡ⸽ɡذ
ϸŷͷѾ΢ЩƫˡźԶˡ
꼫߹ƻͲĶǰ̼𡣡



ͦġ

ٴСѭ浸أЩִ̼Ŀһû
ǰǼºԸ˳ͣϲԼƽȴȫôˣҲ۳ɴɽ
Ҫͷŵġ
ʱΪԶΪŵƵƵʧأ۵һ̶ȵ֡

Сͻ¡ɵ
ͷգһƬڱ£ǶôС


ͷ롣
Сͷ

Ѱ˿Ƣദѵͦࡣ
ղŸ˵ԶԶ߻˴˼ɫķԱпˣҡˣİɣ
档Ѱ˵ͨľС
˸Զ˸okȥš

˳Ҳشߡ
˼ǵǶζԻ滨ʲô˼
Ƶ߿ջʽɡһȺ˶ߣɡøˮһڳָѶȶڹŹر裬вͻ¡

ҿֱ˵滨ʲôתܰתһ壿
˵Żڿлʵķת
ˣô㡣ûشһ䣬˵

٣׵ģ
Ѱ4000
٣˵ġ
Ѱ5000ϡ

һôߡ
ˡѰĮϣרҵҪޡ
˵֪ˣⲻôţӸղźɫп˸ĶԻѰӦǳͣǾ5000ϵ֡
ôʲôҪƵġ
ѩǣɡҲǡ

ѩǻأӸ߸ߵ̨ϷԾ£ɫһաɡپҲһԾǸ
Ƨӣܻ˾ǣ޹ҡ
еСζ

ٸ󣬿ıӰһʱ
죬ֵʮĺѧһ·Ž˻ش˰Сʱȫ֪Ա˸Ƥ𳤷ڻտλϡ

ճ˼ʻԱֻкɫпˣѰôˡ
ղͬ˰Ľڵ³ǻ֡
ٽŵ´ֹ

ɡ
ǵһ棬ղŸ˼ҽôû

ڻһһȦѰб󷽣ͷڿһרҵʶץϵİȫۡ
΢΢Ǹ֪ǵһ棬԰ɡ
һ̧ۡ
Ůǿװ򶨣ץŰȫ۵ָΪˡѰŵһߣ֪

һô

߶Ȼʵ̫ˣɻǧ׵ĸ߿գŲһ򿪣͸ͷǹƵģһһϮĤ
ɫп˷ŸӣŤͷ²°С㣿
ٱϣֻȥƳţԭɻʱã濴ſȥ߿գ֪ԭԼ¸ߡ
ɫˣƴҡͷ

ʵڻü
ٱ𷴻ڣ֪ǣĽĶأ
վ˰ȫʩܡܲԼذɡղŰСʱİȫû˸ôɡ

ԥԥ˳Ѱô
̫ˡ
ֻܿĿǣʲô
ôٴ

ѰڷŰѸվٵİȫۣʶһһĻ

ٲ֪ԼôһƬռͼ˶ֱۣŷԼİȫۺͶԷһ𡣼ǰأҲ˿ϡ
Щ˼ض˶ȣȻһƫɤֹ
𶯡

ľͷˣŬȫ֪ݡ
ͷܸоԼһɵĳס򢡣
һִӺǰ˰ΧİȫС·˼Ĺ⣬ͭǽڰΧ

ٺȻˡ
ڵУ˫ֲž쵽ǰظ˻Ŀǰ
Ѱͷ¾ͱ
գ˼ۣйƵĴؾҲŲ£

Ųơ
εհٴγǰ
ۣۣԼǻ˿硣ź¹Թͷƽֱļϡ
˿̾Ǹ˳ѧһȫѵ¡

ǶȿԿչѣĿҲԽ뿴һɽƵıٿ´һ֡
ǧ׵ĸ߿գǰصǿƤܵ

Ҹøһ㣬ô
ٸôһ£ɫп˴һˣ
ͷͷ֣һԾ¡

ٸоԼҲ뱧ƵİŲ˻տڣڶ֡
ǰԤݹڵʱͱս˫ۡ

ȻƮ
˷Ÿ߿տΧһûзƮҡѹӢת衣
ܿƲ㺣Ƶĵ𣬲
ôķݽСһ㣬ֻҪſ˫־ӵ硣

Ǵһ޻Ƶƣ󿴵˺ƽڷ⡣綼ɢŨīزʡ
ɲǸܵɡ
Щĵģѹֵھҷбεɢ

ǵһô
̲סȥץ˵֡
ָ紵û¶ȣðᱻ紵ι״ķգѰ
֣ɣһ˵ǻ𶯴ݵϡ
ٺɡˣû
Ѱˣ

ࡣ
Ƭ̵İ̲סֺһ㣡裡ڣϹģʲô

ûʲô
һɵ֡

Ѱŷ򣬳һƬ˹Ƥ
ȵŵأһ㻺˰ء

̲ס˶֣˶šһŷԼһ΢΢˿̾Ƿȼϡ
Ҳû
ѰιһͲܺúվš

Ҳվúúõ𣿡
Ťͷȫۻû⿪ֻвתȦͷȥ۾һ̧°ͻ˹ȥ

̨С˵Ϳ˿ںϲĵĺÿҪȻҰһŮ·
ز˷ɫĿں죬ôһڣ°ʹ˺ۼ

ΧС࣬վţ˭û
зν塣
һ֬۵شţ·һССۼ

Զ˽ɡ
Ťͷ棬ȴûƵģ΢΢ƾ˻
Ӻӵţһ㣬ɢһ㡣
ڿ𡣡

˹ƤͷӰӱǼ⣺ġ





35.  ¶   㣬´۹õ㡣


Ѱһ, ܿͳˡ
ݵΪոֻǴֻ󱳵Ĵвƭˣʱһһ, ƺҪӡ

йԱǽ⿪ȫۡ
ͬһɡĺɫпҲϢ, ˼ƵøٿôС, ĵרҵɣ

ٿǧ׵ĸ߿, ѰŷԾ¡
ڿеǽ, һ

˵ء
, ӿһǻмΪ, ǵһθô̼¶, ˷ܡ
Ȼ, ղźͼѰ˵, ġ

ʶת, ȴ֪ʲôʱȥ˲Ƥһߡ
Ӧȥʰɡġ
ٸƽ, ղڷɻһֱûüʵҵ˳ڣɡ
ǵȻ㶼֪ж󵨡ɫп˵ҸҵǰƵ㿴˾֪ˡ

ɫп˵ܴ, ԶӰȴһ
ûɵؾýţ±
ͺȥ͵͵һ, ˾վĬĬšˡϽܹȥŶŶ, ûϵ, ʵġ

ɫпƫƫ಻壬Ѱ֣С˵ǰɡƵأ뿴
һ
˭˭뿴ˣҿ

Ѱһ֮ңͣ, ڵͫＸӳŮ˵ĺۼǸ䵭ıֱÿڣپͻ˼ϳ
˶°ϵķɫۼҲŶ˶
ٶǴ룬ôû

Լղ񣬲ŷĻѾ˵ˡ
ʣ˵ʲô
ַʲôҲʡ
˶Ӽ룬ͬûʲô

ûɫп˰SDװ˹һ̨СGoPro
ӵݸ٣СúˣƵ
GoProҲݵǰС֮ǰ6700׵ƵǴѭŵʱɡӿ۾ֱˣҪɡĶ𰡣컹ͷһδǰԼġ
ࡣѰͷһ

ٴչȥѰǶθ߿ɡƵ
ϵװͽ촩Ĳһרҵһ㣬˵Ҫ߿շƵЯ˸СС豸

GoProתһ̣Ѿվ˻⣬ԲȵܵƲ˷ɻϡ
ͷ˸okƣͬʱѸ֡
ţȫչ˯֮ϡɵ÷·ʧȥǣƣԼƯƷԾ

ͬһ˲Ȼ٣ðô¡
ûһ˿ŵη嵽ôӸ߿ˤҲνһ

ٲɵشĻŲעһۡ
ȷúõվ߲תĿ⡣

Ըƽء
ٺ֪˿Թһ㿪ڣôĶôΣա

ǵġ
ѰĶڿԼļ޲֮ǻĸоܸ鵽塣
ûˣ沨ˣôһ⡣
۵˲䣬Ժſ߽ӵʬֻҧҧŲƵļȥ

һԾµ˲䣬һиܵ
ȥá
Ҳῴɽƽҫ۵Ĺ⡣

***

ٵһɡܳ˷ڡ
SDصϣ˷ܵظĵܵ˵֪ǰҵġɽΣղ档аļǸҲУΪˡСʱȥֳֶͯСŤ˲ӣҼǵǶʱһû裬ҰǸǡô

Ѱôá
ʱô໰˵ء

ִỵ̂˵ЦŶСʱʲô
氡ٷ޷޲ƽдҵ裬裬衣
㲻Ҳϲô
ǵǡ

ӻʻͣƺɨ븶ѵʱ򣬲һ䣺ԣΪģ
ȻءٵͷҪ
Ŷ˹һΪΪĸġ

ٷֵĲ״ǱѰۿġ
ʼ˼ˣôϰѱ˺ʷϡֻΪ˲ôõô
Ȼûƺɵǡ

ٺߺӰҰνٶȡ
Ѱֻϣ˳Ƴһۣûٳˡ

룬ǵʲôˡ
ֱιһʣ棬̸ˣ

Ķ˵ĺð
ԥ϶СƢһ䣺ֲ˻졣
Ҳû˵Ҷȫͬʧɣٲ졣
㡪˶٣´۹õ㡣

аɡ´۹һõ㡣
룬ᱻײֳ
ôġ

ӿСʱ˴ģ³µ˿ϣŲŲһµġ
·˯һȷ֪·ϵҪá
سʱ̫Ѿƫˣٶȥƶҹҡ

룬ⳡеס
ǺƢʣûҪҿɣ
˵

չȥ۵ǰһͷ
ڳƺҲûʲôɴʱģٴӿڴץʱ֮ǰŪõӣ衣

ʱ򣬲СļһͷȥָһͷɹҲ֮߶յģȥη϶
η϶ûУҲûС

ټңʱѰȻʲô
ˡ
Ҳᣬִη̽Ҳ˳˳ϡ

û룬ȻѰѳҵPϣַŸʻο
òáȻӣ㿴ǰУԼҡ

ٶȲδֻǿֻȻ䡣
ָһ¶ͣݵѴ
뼹ƽϣ˲һָ룬ָһöСɵ˻Σ


öݵʱ¡
ֵǣѾݵǰˣȻѺ顣

оİټͬԶһʱǻҲⲻĴÿÿźͺ»ḲǵһСʴǵĸоȴһûС
ֹס룬ڣǻо

ٲɫ·°ڣޱ鷢Ŷԭˡ
ȴǺС
šѰӦһ
ܸоĿԼ

ڵŲŲλãҡŪϵ£
⡣
½ңСü

ٱֻСŪúͶ룬;ֳѾʼƶ⣬һζû
ֻĵ20%¡
ȡ¶Ѿŵ۵ˡһһҰ˰ɫϦڰڳһ롣

ˣʡ
·Ѱ̲ش𣬡ϵİ·
Ŷһʣ¸ҿ

˶֪ͬ·̣³
ҲˣûǰһӲֻ˵һʮ˯һᡣ
ֻûˣٵͷá

߸˿Ҳһֱġ
˯Сʱٿ˭á
ذۡ

һʱѾȫˡ
͸һ谵Ĺ⣬ǲԶ޺˫۴һȦжһСϢվʻĴһС룬ﰲ쳣ʻϿտյֻһ͡

ٰźһ㣬ٿظоʲôϻ䡣
䳶סһǣŷ֣ϸ˼ס
ģͺܿ

صǴڼѰңѴ˶㡣
Ҳôɵϣ񳪴Ϸ
·кŵζɾŮ˺޷ܾɸɾʵζͺͬǸ͵СҪܻӭһ㡣

ٶ˶ףڱϡ
ٴ⿴ڿӰӡһŸϴһֻߡֻĻϴһ⣬Ұʮüۣͦıͱͱȱ𴦸ãһЩ
ԶԶģ·һɫʻ谵ͻеĸ߹ⶼϡ

ͷʲôٿĹһӻϸŷ˸ǡ
ҧǣôôƦʮ㡣

ϴԽԽ
ٲ֪ӳʲô磬͵رְۣ·ߡ
䣬ϴͣ˳űߣ⴦ĳšͣ˺ܾãõٶԼҪﲻסˡ

ʱ䣬ʵһĵ⡣
ղſ߹ΪʲôҪװ˯
֡

װ˯ˣǵӾ￴ġ
һС£Ů֪Ҫ۾һװ˯
֋ֿɹҪװ˯ء

װ˯Ҫ
ǻҪӸղ˱壬в

ôţۡ
ãһ͵ŴĿԵһ
ŵģһ£Ƕҧˡ
ٶȸ״˯ѵףô
Ѱ





36.  ֱ   ԼѾʼ岻ˡ


йƵ, ˮҧĸԸ졣
ޱ飺ûѡ
ûǼ⣺Ҳͺˡ

˶˵껰ˣٷǱŸղŵַĶһ㶼ûҪ뿪ơ
Ϊ˱˿̫, ֻýź󲱾, ⿿һԼʵûĿռˣϵ·ʾ⣺, ˯, Ҫˡ

˵䣬ԷյѶŰ΢΢˰벽
°һ, ˼

ٽʻ
ϵðȫ, ʻҲˡѰղŵϴֶڽűߣӴƿ, ʲô
Ƕ, ֵĿȡ

ԥش󻻵, ٴһ, ָһһȥ, ȵġƬ, Ҫ˶̡
ԭֻǴȷϣѰݹʱšƿڡ
ٲ˷ѶԷĺ⣬ེ˺üڡ

ϢĵƹӰͶ˸ʻķֿ, 紵ͷһëҷӰһͷҲƮ
һһ, ֱϡ
Ѱۿ, ûס, ֹ˹
ָؽӰӵӰԴӰӣ븩׳Ƴ

***

ٺˮ, ·
㣬ٹ·Ѿôӵˡ

Ƴһ۵˵ˣеĻ˯ɡ
š
ר־ųӦû˵

ȵһγ
ʱƳ۳ҲĺӾ󳵵ĵƹھַƳγһĽëϣ˽
ᶶ½ëٲŷʼû˯

˾ͺ֡
ֻԼţôҲΡ
ڣ֪ͬʱţ˵ʲôԵò˼ˡ

ɤӣģŶû˯
û
𣿡


٣Ǹɡܺ档
Ѱ֪
٣´лһɡ

̫ˡ
˵˶Է˵ĵ㣬ɿ˲٣ã´Ρ

ܹ裬ٴοһġ
˵ǰҪִ³ǻزȥô죿
Ŀǰ۾ұƳҲܴ𽥾ıô죬
ǻĽҰ⡣

·ϴ˲ҰȥҲһ
˵꣬һɽƹ⳨аȫСֱͷһƬŨճҹɫǵٴξ˹ߡ
ƺԶҲղԶĵط
ٺ뵽˿ֲС˵Ŀ

деؿʼͷƤ飺᲻ΧȻܳʲô
굹һʲôֲûˡ

ٱͻȻбĳġˡӶע⡣
ĬĬ˰䡣
ԡҲһ쵽ѼѰܵܡʵǸˣ˽ķơ쿴ԡڼߵʱ򣬲Ҳô˶Ľ͡
ʲôʱʼеĽ˾أ

µʱһԣֻ۾濴ǰ·
˵Ѱ˿ڡ
ˣ쬵ʣǶʲô飿

ٱ˼
˽⣬ʱ˿̵Ȼܵͷˡ
һϣͻ价ڡ˵һ·ȥ˵СƢĵ㶼ˡ
С˵С

Сĳڿռ䣬˼졣
ʲôѰ֪֪Ǹ̲кŽǰʱһֱ֮µġ
Ůܲϲ˽ɣ
ܵĸо

˼գʻĿѾ˱͡
Ѱʵ޷ףҰĵģôľˣԸòƽȣԸá㡱ƺ
ôôܿ˿ڡ

Լͷûͷûβðһ䣺붼롣

Ŷû˵پ͸϶Է˼άˡ
һ죺ʲôˣ

͵͵һƳ
泯⣬ֻĲѩɽƵġ
ˣԼѾʼ岻ˡ

***

ҹš
ʻ³ʱʱʾ賿һ㡣

ô˯һҲѾƣˡپԼȫͷһƵģ͵úܡ
ͣ공λû˸

賿һĵ³һˡ
Ϩ֮󣬼žķΧͬʱʱϨ³Ųӣ˰Ƶġ
·˾ûô
ҪǾԽҲôأ֪ʲô

ֲרҵ˵ģֻ֪Ƣһһ󣬷žר־ؿóǶοհ׵Ρ

ȵϨ³һۡ
һӲˬı飬ֻϻһԼסô߹̶̼·Ѿˣٻûڣ׾ͷϡ
м᲻üƺ˵ҲҪԡ

Ҳ䰡
գգۣǿӲ̬¡Ȼܡ
ðɣƢͦʿȵġ

ƺˣ˭Ҳû˵
ػصݼ䣬صŵ
Ҫǰ赸ƽʱҪҪֱվҪվϧֻۣɹͷǰ棬վɢ

ŵӳӰҪһЩ߶ƽ
ףӼͷһֱ׹-Ǽɫķ£logoϵTһ¡Ȼ¿ǶԵúܡ

ܵƻƵģֱ㶶ŽϵĵӰ
ֻǴ֮ؿĿԼϡ

һ춼棬ô͵ķҲױˡһȦϸϸӡӣɫķѵࡣ
üٺÿû˾ҪһЩ

ɵӰкӻӢģ֪ϱĸϵġһҲƤ
ٲ֪ѾĿȫŲϣϸؿ۾һԺԲƵĺѪ˿ȫȫƽʱ졣
˿ܵˡ

ٺţͻȻôһӣˡ
˲ɢҵͷ̲סǷҪ̧ôһ¡

ȴǷõ¡
һݿš
Ȼ̧֣ߡŵһٿͣ˰ա֪ʲôƵģԿٵ̬ԼƳ
ʵʵоˣ˾׼ؿס
ٶǴǵ¶ȣͻȻٶۣ

ĵƹϣ룬Żϡ˵вҲһֱͷصƶˡ
ֵģ
谵ĻȻ͸

ںڰͻȻʣʲôʱȥɡ
ھҪԼһ𣿡˳֣Է˿

ȻɡͦĵģһôۣҲʺȥɣ
ңʾͺúʣʲô
ѾڴԵ״̬һͶľˡڿǱʶش⡣

ԣΪʲôھҪԼһˣ
ٴδظһ顣

ƺӦٴοڣԼһΡ

ǲܸоģٻǾãӿͷ˹ӽյһ𶯡顢Сһ
ÿ߿ľ̬ٴνһǾ䡪ԼһΡ
ŶشǸԼˡ
ܲȡ

ûüĻ
Ҫ鹦һʵ󵨣붼ûġ
˵һӺ汧㡣





37.     ˭װأϲС١


ʲôһӺ桭
𣿣

˵߿̬, ÷ŵѧƷ̬ҲС
ˡ


֮ǰȷȷʵʵôһܵЩΪȽ֡, ˶ѡ
Ը紵ϵµgeneʦû񱡣
еĲѲŰ, أԼԡ֮Ϊһ仰͸, ȷҺΡ

Ϊ, Կ˦Ӹ
ΪûôˣԾͻᡭ
ķǵذο, Լ˽˳عʹ, ȻſھΪһ俼ô˵ȥɡ, ִ׿ġֻǲ, Щ
ˡ

, ŷԼûκ
˿еӡ
˼ӡ

һݵĳתšȿȥ벽, ˳
ϵһ, ͷȻ֡

ŵѡվڵ, ǵ𽥱խŷŹȻûԸϣ˵ݵƹ⣬ſ
ɫܰ, ׽͸˳
Ψһ͸¶Ļƽֱ䵭ǡ

ڲġ
һ۾Ϳˡ
ƽĲ죬ҸĵطԼ䡣

ղǾ仰, ʲô˼

ʵôپԼǸ˵ġھһʧܵĸ, һʱʱԼ, ƽȤԼ᲻ٱϲ͵͵˼롣
Ǽ֮Ѹ
Ľ۵ȻǲС

ץסץסϿȵķ
ץס

һ˵, ԶҲһץסô
ٲһ񶼲֪ǳĿӡ
ݣӲˣֻǿԼȥԡþ˱ǧľѧղ˵ġҲͦϲһ档´лỹǿһȥҺľƽʱҲᾭԼųȥĻ뻹˶ࡪ
û档Դǵ˵


ķΧɽƵѹ
̨ˣԷȴӶ

پƤǧأô̧Ҳֻ̧ƽСƬ̣Լε˵֪ɣҺԶ

Ǹ⡣
ֻ˸ͷͱˡЩգڿ㶵ָڶ˶֪
˵꣬ն˵Ƿˡ

ⲻǷֲֵ⡣
룬ԶԶֵܹϵҲʼմšֻΪھӡͨѣǶûϵͼѰ֮һչЩģ˵Ҳ˵Ρ
Ŷ֮ǰǼѰҪһɩĴڡ
ûôй

ǲᶮԼ뷨ġ
ûִŵ˵Զ⣬ǻ˸˵С
ѡ

Ҫܴ뷨
ֻһʱ嶯һ
һɡ̫ˣ˵˺ܶƽʱ˵Ļ
һҲһ
ֻΪ̫ã⡣

һʱɾͺˡ

˼գ´޵ʹˡʲô˵ɡ
𡣡
ûҾס⣬ӵȥŬԼĻ̫ˣЩת㻹˵ʲôĻڡǸԺúûȥ˯һ˵

ȥûͻ˵˸ղЩûϵҾͻǡټ˵ǻǻ֮ǰ
֮ǰ
ھ
ͨھǲһġ͡

ݵִ16¥ݡ
ͣͣ粵Ϊǻйϵ
ô𡣡ѰЦһЦȣϹϵҲûκҼҴôá

˵ǣˣ֪Ҷ㲻һ
ֲұƵ̫°ӲĽŻذȫ

صøõġ
ǽһ죬ͻϵĽӴҲյȻ˵صƣΧŨҹͻȻͱü͵ȥ֣͵ԼһΣ͵˵δʵ⡣

ټ˼ܲضã
Լ֪

ҹ𣬲֪ļҵĹ˼Ƕ¥֮ˢˢһصơһһϣʮ¥ĵҲˡ
ֶ£ѱ̵һЩ
ٴƳĬ
ûѡֱ⣬һΣҲ˵ʲôǣˡҪȥ˯ˡ

ѻȥҧĺء
û׽ס֣ӵú˳Ӱƺʧȥ˵ּĬֻĿ׷ӽ1602

顪
ڼžҹﱻ޷Ŵ
֮1601ķҲ졣
顪

***

ٿű˫š
֪׷ֹסؽšһŨҵĲʵС˦˦ͷͻЩ˦ȥһ
ΧһжžԼǿҵ
ùƵɤۡ

òϣ֮ûôԴǼҵؾܾԷҲдġ
ЩԶûĸܣһ˿̰
һСüĵܱܵ˵ǱסǱһСüкӵϷˣ˶ѡ
Ѹ˹

ͷϣԶ
ΪԼֻҹɫαװµһʱ嶯͸úˡ

ǵ˵ڶ죬ȻûԼ˵
֪ô룬ٳŵʱȴȵݵǰƵƵƮ
ȳɹ˵ݣŰġ

żرյǿ̣1601ͻȻˡ
һӦȴѸȥż˳֮ǰԸԳ˵šӺֻˡ
Gڶҡ
ٶ֣顣
е¡ҿûС˵ʲôźŲá

ѡװûϳʻ롣
Ӿճǵݿڶ˸ɫӰӰûʲôĶûУȴ֪Ŀʼ׷β

ûϡ
ظ̾˿֪ʲô̬ȥԡ

Ա˵ͨһ죬˵ȴʼղ
㵽ţҲҷɾ衣
¼Ѱĸðʲô𰸡

ǵľӵĵ绰ʱ˾ˮ֮еķ档
ȥطɣľ˵
Ӧãģҹȥ㡣

Լĳ·ŵ¡
ٿ˳·˰Ҫȥݵսľӡ
ľ˳ժñӣժī֡žڲס˷ܵ˵աҽ˵⡣

ľ˵ġȻǲ˵Ȧѣע⵽ϻһ޴ֽ
ȥ̽ࣿʡ
԰ľ˵˾±ĵȥⲻ͵͵ȥ

˾ǱΪɡ¡
͵⣬ٴǰ
˲ýע⡣

ӿӰӳǵǶ·ٵֻͣϢʾ
ԭ˵͵¶ľ̲ס߶һ䣺˭ôڡ
й϶ѹס
ɫ춼û˯á
ôˣ
С

˸ͷľӻȻʣ֪ˣͺױСҰǡ
٣
ľС˯ˣ
٣

ľӷͷͷǵҾ֪˼Լûְɣղ˵ʱǸ飬Ǹһģ̳ġ˼֮׵˲ŻֳĬ֪ͱɶԷģˡ
䡣Ƿľ˵ԼʣԿ˵˵ô£Ƿ滹аɣûʧְɣ

ûôࡣҵ죬ͻȻ˵һĪĻǻϲҵĻ
ľӴʧ̾Ƴһŷչ⣿

ľʧ
ľӶλýóģͳģûȦԡǶүͷԣԡ
ƫƫԼжá

ԶףҲһһէ˺þáϸɲƵģӸ濼˫ʣߵһ
ľӲֹһθ˵ǰû˸ײ㲻ã̫ˣĲȱѣЩ˵˵ѡ

ԸǵֵܵܳĴһƵľӾ붮ˡ
˭װء
ϲСô

û뵽Ҳһ첻µزµ
ôˣŴطչֻ˵һģɣϲĻֻӵԸ񡭡
ľӺؽǵ̫ܵˣþһҪҲУ͵ǵð̫ġ





38.  հ   žҹһҡ


ٶԸ̬Ȼûľôǰ, Ҫ̸ܹ桢ѭ򽥽̸ѹ
ľӵ˼
뵽һȥˣǲʺٵģץס

ٲĵḷֽ̌Ҷ㼸, ǲǾ͸÷ˣ
ɡľ˻, ҽӴȦǸ͵ģ, ʶȤ, ûչ־ͺܿ졣ҵƶϣСҰг, ѧУֱŮ׷ŵ͡˵ͬʧȥȤ, Ư㼯ء
ʣٲ⡣
ռ㶮ɡľ˵, ˼

λ˵Է˼ˡ
ǱʶüѰ, ޷粵ڡ
ľӵ׽ϵ޷, οҪ˵Ҳûô˽⼾Ѱǰʲô, ʷ, ڼҵʱȥʲô, һ֪
õȷܻӭһ޿ɺǡ

ûٶȥ
Ϊ̵Ƽ϶óֻһ, Ϣ֣ʦģǼѰӦԼΪһ, ˵һϹȥ, Էû˼ˡ

ٰԼ, ´ҪټһЩʲôء

Сʱ
ӵִﵼϵĿĵء
⴦ӰӻزǳµǸ, ǵһ٣ľԵ·ָٰѳͣһ۵ӿڣԼñӵī

ǹϢҺ˵˸϶û㡣
Ҿ͸˵ʡ
ҸһȥȵſҾͶǱȥòһˣϲȻҪľ˵ҡҡҼСѵĳԾš

ľƽʱϣʵѡ˶֡
ͬΪ߲嵶˵ͰϰñѵСıڻСȥ˰
ȥȥľָָǰ棬ҾǸ

˵÷ͷж

ٸ鰲кûþͿ˴ҴܣǸС
Сˣһ̯ллҾˡ
װΪѣľСҪ͵ԷΪ˼仰
Ҿˣ
ľСˣ˴Ϊת

ּ룬СЭðɣҽɡ

ֱٰ󣬱˸okơ
СߣƬϢ䶼һ顣
ľƺڡ

סءС˼䣬˵ȷɡߣҲҿʦĶȥҡˣ㻹ǵϢߵȻɣ治˿ŵġ
֮ǰȥµ鵱ָʱҲвĳë
ϰΪС

ǸףֱֱſڵȷĿ⡣
ֻװ⣬й䡣

鿧λûгµǸĴ󣬵ǷŵȡǶӵһ仯ױң˶˼һ䡣ûľˣľ˵ȥѹ
䲻Ǹ⼸СĵС
ǰڸ󵢾ǣ֮ľӱȻʹġĳ·עľֻǵ顣

ٹһȦûˡ
һ仯ױ½½üŮˣױӦΪһϷ׼˵Ϸ
·ʱһ˵и˭û֪ȥˡ

ƫͷϸĲľѵ֡

ֵһȥ˵Сﻹû
ľӵϢˡ
ľӣҿˡ
٣
ľӣɣϵ⡿

ǼľѵĻױûˣٱ̫˼ֱӽȥ
룬ͷȥ𵰸⡣
ղŷŶʱûע⣬ѵһͻȻױǰ˸СżͨżҲϡ棬Ǹżϼ
ϵзżҪֹƵģҼ۸񲻷ơ

ױǰŵǸСŮżµÿһ۽ë
һżŮ͵ġ
ǺƯޣֻƳһۣĪò
ֻùס۾𵰸ߡ

Ӿһ·ȥû
ٿ΢ţľûϢǰԼõŵȥС
ĳǷ¹ųǽֻͷһչ⡣

һȥͿԶԶмӰ
Сܼľӡ
վͷľľӣľӻͷЩ֣١

߽˲ſ壬ľˣһһŮ
еĸһ㣬ɫ߻иŮģһţֻüʼո߰š
ٿϵƬľӵǸѡ

õĵУȻľҧԷ˵һ˵ҵı￴ݽǰɡ
ڱ˵ΪϷϷ
仰ֱӰľЦˣ˵Ȼݵǵ硣

ľӲ֣ÿÿֶڡ

õʲôѶƵģϵĺݹȥ
;ûκľӽӹһۡ˫ͺڶԷϣʵƽꡣϡϡµճڡźĿһľӡ
ֻǸ⣬ңʲôԲĶû
ľӶض㿪ˣɵơû˯ļƨ¡

˻𣬵ϵŮӵؿ˵ԲľʦҵĴʦҽϷһʱ嶯ŹҸǵǸǱΪҳˣߡ

ⷢζ̫ˡ
ٱͶԳ±кܴĶУüƤһסŻ˿ʣһСǧ㡣ǵ͵Ʒһ죬ļ̌žߴһ£ζŮһ
ľ⹷ݼҪڸ㣿ҲݵˮȥĿţĵˡ

ľĭɰ˸Ѫͷ
ԱָҽͲˡԣʱҲԺڹĸá

һͨ˻ڰľӵ֡
ľͷҲûأŮսʿľ磬ҸȥĶͲۿҪأ㡣
ˣľӻǴ󷽵ġ
ȻѾݣͲȥʹ¡

ľؿھҵţǸͬ飬ԶʱҲûôӦֱֱظѵ˦ϡ
͸Ӳϡ
ѡкġ

еĳͿԷæסɺ
ľҲû뵽һĺѻᶯ֣һ¡ٵ־ܡ

ӳﵽֻ˶̶ʮ롣
ٷٵȼ棬һʻֳһθֻ£Сڻͼƽ飺㡭ôû
㲻֪ˡеƢġľӸŴôǸеģһ뻹֣ʱ򲻹

ʻ֣ƽ
´Ҫ⼸סǰɡ
Ķôר顣ľƤЦҾģûϡң㶼Ҵˬˡ鰡ǳ

˽겻֪ʲô̫꣬ơ
̾˿

м϶۸ʻľЦģղŷֵ½ġ
ٱøΪᶨֵܣסҼҡ
УȥҾȥҡ

̬ȼľӹջ˼ҡ
̫ͻȻľûϴľһˡ

ϣл˱˵ֻľӴһ绰޷Ǿǽ¡˵ֻڽϷ಻ʮӣʲô
ľӿᣬ·ҷ˶ԷһǲǵϹУϹˣȫˡٸҴɧŵ绰ԣҸֱӷϺš
ͷ˲ƻ

绰Ҷϣֱѣ˵ŮҲʧһˣֹ˵ʮӡ
֪ľӰͷһƣеĻš
ˣСĻױ̨иޡ˵ͼľӿֲģҼǵϵҪرƵġ͵ģ
ľӿһֱҡͷôܣֲϲЩΣһ䣺ǣСԱ͵ġжˡ

ľϱֵüΪǿ
ֻסϾ͸ȥˡ
ڼ䣬ľʱʱʱٻšͶʰϴʲô㰴ͷɡ

տľӵ״̬Ҳô˸ڵ¡
ֱľ뿪Ǹϣ䣬ȻзδʼgeneҵĵַΪǡ޸ļص㿪
žҹһң6/8ĵģܻ졣

һ꣬鱻ţԾԾ
ٵѭš

ڵڶУϸ鿴ʼݡ
ʼ⣺հס

ĵһСð㣬˵Բ
ĵڶСԿɲԲˡ
ĵС㡣





39.  ռ   ռʱ俪ʼռ


Ǹƭӡ
һʮСʱûٵʱ, Ѱôġ

һϵʱ˼ȴѧ˶ء
ŵʱѾ, ɵŻȻȻϡµ³, Ҳֻǳβѡ
Զ׼ڶ

Ѱ֪ϵԼڳ嶯, ǰ¶뷨
Ҫ˵ڵ, ޹
ͻˣȴǶԷĶ

ǡ
˼˵, 㵨, ʲô㡣

ϢҲʯ󺣡
ĸǻ, οƢͲá
, ѽȥи漫˶ľֲ, ˾Ӷ, ٻǸղûͥûҲû˹, ЩƽʱЩ޴̼Ķͷѹ

ûС, Щ˾ͳҹ˸н֡
Ժɽ·һˣҰǵ¡

Ѱʱֶ˼Ҳڡ
ҹ紵˰ɽҲɢɽҹС̯տζ˼͵һ⴮, èƵڱΧۡ
ƵĽֵưһƬӰյɵģЩů

ЩͼѰԶԶ͸Ц˰, ѰСе˼, 쭳͹ˡ
ͷμ쭳Ĺ
˼ѹں, ⴮ǩͰһ˭涨쭳һҪŮġ
˵꣬ʹҡڼ·ܳȥ

Ѱô, Ÿ̫㣬￪ʵ˷ѡȴת
Ҫٶȸеġ
֤ͬȷʵв졣

˼ͶűĿ˲죺߲߰ĵܡ
λ⡣Ѱ²ɽ뵢ְ롣
˼һװһʮжôȴں͵£ֲġ𼱡

汬һ죬촰ࡣ
˼ͻܸܵתʱθҺһƯƣأΪԼ书֮ΪǰһӾķٶÿһÿһ·־

˼͸ߺһѰ˰ԭغڶ
ϡѰؾҿ˰ʮ롣

ûһ񹦵Ķ˼ܿģӳˣ֪֪չˡЦеʣ˵ɣﲻˬˡ
û

˼ͣأȺ˵һ֣ܿס˵˵ɣԱķո̸̸ְ

Ѱˡ
ôЩ껹ܸѵģҪôʵ̶ȸߣҪôͱǷ

ż٣˼͵ڶݵĸֱ߰
ǲϴǸС㣿
˸ˣ˾ܾˣ
˼ѹϲ͵ģ
˼ʲô飿û˼ͬ˼СˣСˣǡס

һҵƣѰһɲͣ·ߡ
졣

˼ƾôı׵˼Ѱĵԭ
ر飬Ϊ˼Сһûˡ
֪ʲôֵò˵ģСģ͸źĴƵġǾҲ¡
˼ʣ˼ɶˣ

ͣ·ߣѰȼһ̣ذ档
Ȼڣˡ
룬ȷʵǲá˼ͶȻ֣
š

ǣǿ˼رص֡˸⣬ȵǸɡȵǸܹû˵ģ˼ҡ
˵ʲô
˼ͺɸ֣˼Ұʲô˵ʲô


ϲǸ̲н㡣
ôܡеĳڡ

ջˡ
ڵڶʮСʱڿ̲СƵ֮󡣲ֽз˾أһ㡣
Ȼֻʼ

ʼûĶѡ
ڵȴ֮˸СšͬʼתСϣСա֤û⣬һⷢȥˡ
Ϊʲôٳٲ


ǣֱǸ̲нȣ
͡ϲ

ѰԼ뷨ϡ
ȽɳϣԼڳ˴ͣ˸ҧгݵıϢűƵðͷ˿д˲ˡ
ֵԵѹֻȻһ
Ȼڶҡ֮󿴵˺
٣x

G
٣û˯
Gû
Gxʲô

٣û겻Сİ˷ͣллĿͷ~
G
Ŷ

Ӧǿʼѡԭ
ȻأصϵĻ
ѰȷŮʲô
G㻹
٣ûˣֲͲҪһֱ
Gȥ㡿

ѰС롱ü
ûٻصô죬˵˵û
ҧҧжҪģҵȷϡ
˺þãŻأС

ĵСǻ˰Сʱдģǡ񡷵رҲкõʱ
ڼѰ˵Ҫҵ˵Ķ̫ˡ
ҹȦʮԼҲģɵĵطռʱ俪ʼռ

***

û뽫һ죬ǼѰһš
û̫˯ѵ״̬ʱ˼ǳϥѵ˯ȹ˴ʵʵϢ

롣
̧ӣûȥܲʱ䡣
һӦǣʲôˣˣŻˣ
ûѰ治ɫ˵ġ


Ҳɣ
ô
һʱֻЬܵ˵򢣬ʾԼЬ

һɫŮĶӼЬֻСšЬܲ߳Եذ˼˫δһԴЬѰԹȻ֪
·Ьš

ﾲĵģֻгðݣûδѵķȾĵһʯˮˮȦ
ĵٴʱϴˮһ̼ѵʶļµˡڿԼǼ׵ľ롣
Ĵʱʱ̶̿ϵ¡

ȫƽȥţһζûͣϡ֪Ϊʲô顣

ٴλصӺ
ڳε죬˲òԵʱ̡
ĿбӴֻñӰһ䣺û
û

´û˵
˻±ϣö·ŽȥҰ
С׸⣬ﻹк؝Ľ󶹡ԾͲˣϸ⣬϶

жϲȻоѹ˵Ӱӡ

㲻˵ô
ӾӦǹ˹Ϣô·ֱճƤϣ¶صˮ
̫˵ʣΪʲô˵

²ӣеζŪ緹ô˵
Ū˻˵𡣡
ᡣپԼƭС˵ˣѸٲ䣺ʳ޲

Сһ䣬˵ĺǡڡ
ûϸҲûʣֻǾĪίŤͷһۣٿط˲֪ʲôȥˣңһ򽾰ü¶ľ򢶼ðʺ硣̣ܶģԶֻһƬңƢƵġ
ֻû˯ҪȻôˡ

ƽʱʱҪʡȥˡġ
ΪԼԵһЩûȻģʽôˣȥˣû˯һ
ţû˯
˵ڶˣƹˤ̹Ȼϣ㡣





40.  һ   ҲʲôβĽ㡭


ֻ¶һ΢, ˸䡣
㡪ǲǻ
Ѱ˿˵ǻ˵ġ

Ѱۣû˵
Գ£ָ, ҡ
ղŹ۲̶̼, Ѿ㾡ĪȵʱѰѾûƢΪԼ, ʲôСһѧίȫ

Թ緹
ǰ׼õعؿѵǰЩҪĵ, ҪҪ
ôࣿٲȻƳۣҽ졭Ҫȥŵġ
Ѱѡ
˭˵ͲҪϰˣ

Ĭ, 潥㲻ʹ
ǰϵġü۵, 㻹ڶҡ
ûУ

ٿûҪȥŵ¡ֻʰһȦ, ٴ룺ҳȥܸаɣ
ָָӣߵˡÿ춼Ҫܲġ
Ѱǰһ, ֿվҲȥ

֪ѰϢ˴ʱĿࡣ
ʮ֮ǰӰɢүҲһ, 糿ߵ, ֱ׳˵, Ҳܲϰߡ
, ܾڿطˡԼǸĻһĻӡ

ѰƽʱƷͺУʱ˶
ٻ˶, ѾϵЬűˡγ, վŶйڲסT͹װԳ¼еǡűһ, ɢȴۡ

Ь̤, ƫͷ漴ֳǽԼվֱóһСռ䡣һȥšŷͷȷʵǰҪ, 㱳Ժһ״İ̺Ҳôԡ
˰ںڷ£˵ɣҲ𽥱

پԼҪǵһμʱģˡ
ʱֻһ治ȵĳʯͷӲ֡ڣô˲ֱ̦

ӭų𳤷ǺһҪأ㲻ҲҪһɣ
Ƣúúõģһ㲻ðʣշѣ

Ҫҡ
һ˵ĶУʹ֮ǰ1601¼ҵȥ鷳˵Ҳ״תʱҪǸԵ̫ˡ

ڴԼҲ㲻״ʱڡ
֪⼸Ѱ׻ǲǵʲô˵ʲôǵõĻôġˣڼ֣
ȻϣǵġΪСԸƫԹŮȥץŵĶ

ʼȣСƺ̵͹⡣
һ磬Զˮڹ֮ˮɡ

ϰˣĬǰ棬̻8С·һؽŲ󼸲죬ڡ
ŵĳ˵ᣬʺߡ
ĽŲȻľӵĻ뻰ĵܵܣʻ塣

Сӣ˱Ӧ
䲻·ܹˡ
ٽһ٣ȥܷ羰ȷʵʮǰվ·8͵Ļ԰ܵ8Сͷ絽ͷм·쵽С·ȥһ8ֶѡȥһС·ʱѾֻص8·ˡ

ͷǰҾϲͣ·
Ŷ
ѰĬĬҧغ仰û𴩣ʱ¥ϳ̣ܿ԰СġʵĹ߳·ߺ졣
ղӦǳʲôһƬΡ

ʲô̫òˡ

ѰʱŲ֪Լжãֻļ籣ְȫ룬ܸоĳ˲䣬̵ͦŸԼϡ
п裬ÿһǽ뱥
ԼСĴѣϸòһգǹɾյû֡Щʱֻ̣Ľȥ
ȡ۹ơǲԸԼ˼ˡ

˼ˣ´ǡ
ҲʲôβĽ㡣

ǵڶ·8·Ľʱѡ˻û;Сһ·ܵСţٻ½Ųԭر˼£Ȳˮ
Ҫʡ
ҲһһȦźȡٳʾ⣬˿ȥ򡣡

Ҳ
ѰĲûڣŮĿƮĴǣȾͺȣֲܡ

ֻͷܲôǲô
촽˶֪

üңҡ
ϧ֪ԼΪܾ˲ſڸ
ǵС˼Ѫյŵġ

زӣѰˮˡ
ƿȪˮһƿǱģһƿ¡ϰ԰ѳƿݹȥ¶ȵģ԰ɣ

ǰѾڼˮˣôݹҲûƴǣͷ˼ڡôãȫճȵģµˮҲô
ɵݸƿƺĳ˹̵ĸůˣȥֻúҲѹȥһðĽؿƿƿһ

ѣʵƽʱҲȱġ
ǸЩŹ֣һ߰ƿһ߰Ŀת𴦣˵ȶ˱ģǸۡ

̹ķΧһ˿ʼĻ̥һ˺ܿͻܵӰ졣ʱپˣҲƿĿ⣬ɰͰ͵˵ŶһС

ȻˮͲˣܸΪߡ
ߣشɱ˺Ȼڣܡ%#ô

һʱ㲻˵̫ģ˵̫ᣬ紵ɢˡûǰʲô룬ԼĪµ˵Զ

ôܡƽͣûҲ̸ֻ⣬ðɡ
ȴʲô͵Ѷģ÷ˡ

٣
ôֻء
ûƣ˵ɼסĻδúôСŮѡ

Ҳҡ
˵źȻպȹˮ촽ģ˵Ϣ𤳱ˮ΢ߣϲġ


˵ķ
ǿѹסȻҵ仰˺ü˼һһҡɫˣǿװ򶨣Ŷ

Ϊ˵ͻȻؼҺԱˡ
ͬһңȴڳ̬Լ¡
ʱʱӸĳʲôѡһ滹Ƕ档͹ʽ飬ٻشһ/

ٿĻǺȥ㲻˵ûôﲻԼ
һǼ׷

ڹȥദģʽеߵ
ΪˣתΪ
ֻ֮䣬Щǰûе΢

ôһ졣
ʱš˶Ϊǵһ죬ѰΪижҲٲû

һ죬Ӱŷ졣
ҽ۰Ҫһıôôա
Ӱһ˽ſ˫۾ҪѰۼֳֿŵһǣ˭

⸱ٻһμʱģĿ͡ʱ֮ǡ
ľӳ¿֣һȥô⡣
Ŀϸϸһţ΢߹յϣֻʣ²⣺ףٰ

ľ֮ǰڣĲʱҪȻҾߣ
֪ٱȻߣʵҲˡ

Ѿһˣи˳кڵա
۰Ͱ͵ľӣ˵Ҫȥ㡣
Ҿ˳·ͻȻؼҾˡľ˸ŵߵ˵Ǽȥ˵ôᱻһСԱˡڳͻȻɲһ£ǽǡ

ͼʲôľӵﲻƯԴ𣿡
ͬ飺Ϲ

ΨһһλʿĬĬص輸ǰ϶ĿбڵĻϣڳһ˿ȤҲ͵ģ
״ľô⣿
ؾ롣

лǽǡ
ľִʵ˰˵޸˻˹ŮҲ˹ŮĶﻹô
˵ŴӰȡһޣٿױ̨ϵǸ
ٲ죺㶼Ū
ʲôŪģǸ鰡Ƶġ

ľڣһҪü޵ļơ
ĻƢʵֽϻȥϺṩزѿնתתֻø޳

ľӾޱȻ˼ٺȻֵĸоٿؿڣ𶯣ްҿ
ôˣľȻ¶ɻȴ

Σ˼㲻áе𡣡
Ҳ١
ľӱһͰ޶˳ȥڰлһߣڲ輸ͷȦס

ϷѰû
ժ˶ȥʲô
ӼѰĽǶȿȥŮ˱졣ԣһ䣺ôˡ

ٶŵǸޣظһղŵĻ
λѰ̲ס١

Ҳһ٣üѰ֣ЩŮ˵ĵСĸϺͶԴ̬ϣЩ󵨵ĺܡ
ʱѹѾɡ
úëֱʱ´½Ƶһԭ
Ѱ

ûٹܼѰķӦ׵ǰ˿
жûдӵһο;ò̫ԭҵˣ̫ľӣֱƬһһġ

ԭΪŮ͸ľѵģô˵ԼƵġֻһŮһģһޣʲôֵ͵Ȥá

һȦȻöµһͷ
ӵֹΥ͸мǿ
һͷ֮ɿС񱻿˶ǣӻϵ¶һƲϸֱ棬Ʋһڡ

ٵɫˡ
šüľӣա

Ƶķޣټա
˴˼ĲʸС

ľɫࣺǰ˵Ȧ˻Сˡ
и˵˵СҪôҪôˡԼȻԼ˵ģǶûʲô¡ȻԽ׽ϵԽЧ
ľӰȦż˵˵ŭ𣺡˵ôô˳ưɣȻвɣҺʲôҪôң

ľͳֻλǰѡ
ֻ͵һ룬ͻȻ˼ѣҲҵ˾ϰ塣ҪԴôԴͷж·Ҳʡ
ٲ岻ֻ֣Ǳһֱÿ
ľ룬˭ϰǣߡ

֮ǰּѰû
ֱ˿̣ſڣʶ졣





41.  ҹΡ   ڹ𣬽㡭


ûпúܴ, ʵʲôѰ
ʲôҪܿĻ⣬ȻѡʱġȻ֪֮ǰĳЩԭȥǹ˾
ʱԸںͶԷҵ, , Լѽɲžдȫ̶Ĳɡڷſεʱĵǽϵĺһ顣

ǵ, Ȼĺελá
Щ˾ϲԿλ, ָһ£֪ԷֻǸ䲻ȵͨСλҲ֪֮۹᲻ụӰ, ѹ۹ⶼô

Զʲôõġ
Ѱڽ, ˲ĿзԼ
һ̫ڣ˵, ô졣

ܱµ뵽, ˵˵Ȼ١
ľӸղŻ޲Է˲Ťת, ž˵һ, ˻һ䣺ʦ, Ҿ֪ס
˭֪û֮ǰſڹ۶˵ǵܵžͲ, 㰡С


ŵĹý裬ӵľӵĵ绰
Ȼ֪ˡľ˵, Ҵ绰˵޲ƵģȻǸŮ͵ġʱҾ, ˵ǾԵ˵ôô, Ҳˡ
Цʵأ
ʵŮ͵ġľ, ˲˶ƵĿͻԤԼ

ľһ찵ã͸йؽڡ
ŮΪȻ쵽˾λбģ빴ȻλҪȻ©Դ, ²Ϸ˵Ҳõýɫ
ֻ֪һ֪ѹûȻҲľӰæµġ

Ǻأʡ
Ȼüչϸܣ¡ȻҵĹϵԼϡľ棬Ůͦݵġ˵Խ׽СԽãҵ͵Ȼߣҵա͵첻ˣȻȻͲҡ

֮ǰû˵Щ߶߶Ķ̲סʣ𣿡
˭֪ءľһ˳ġû˯ܲ㻹ܹϵ͡

ľӺȻżһҹȴʲôû
û⣬תģȻ֪޵;
ľڵ绰ͷĥĥյȻ֪绰ҾһҧŮ͵ģ֪顣ɵС˵©죬ָĿ˵֪䣬ҪҸĴʶû˵Աˡ񾭲С

ľˣǸŮҲɾŶԣѾųȥˡŮԱƬңŮһˡ
˿Լû¾ͺá

ˡ
ľػ£иҪ˵
ûʹʲôױСҰڻһ֮ǰ̬ȣΪ˵Ǹ֪ܵܰȻϰ˵ʲôϰⲿȻˡұҲ볷Դһ£û뵽ôϲˡ˵۰Ͱ͵ϸŸҴ绰͡
٣Ѱ
ǰľӳ̾ܵ治ףˬ

ҵľߣ赸Ҿ͵ظѰ˸绰
ǰһشӣؿԼģô꣬տʼûʲôֻǼܲס˵վҪλƩ֣ʦҲʱѡĻ

ż·Ų졣
ǲ֪һˣȻ̸˵ٽҪˡ
˵İ汾ûˣӦ͵͵
ɡٽôܹˣ汾Բס
ôˣ˭涨Զ۷ڰôû״̬ҲɣҾ갡

·ǰȻֹ
֪˿档ûͷʡĻΡ
ʱ绰ͨˡ

ιһü룬ʣæ
Ǳͦӵģڼҡ
ûѰ˵סͲͷ˵˾ʲôΧð˲١żô

٣ľǼ£ô˼ϰ˵ģ
Ѱû˵ʲô

ʵ
ٵһ뷨ƭطΪɵɣ˵硣̹˵˵㵽״Ӧ˼ʲôˡ

˵֮ǰûʲôй
ڸҡ˸ڻѩ˶꣬ΧǼѻڸ̸ۡ˳-ĵ޷ǾЩ⡣⼸˻˱ϵļǰҡڻιȥ

òȥѵٸ£Ψһ˶塣
ֿʱĻԾն˫۾ƵġѰ¹񣬵סһȺˣԼȴûûڡ
ߺȻ󾱶ˡ

Ϲ½ξôǰ壬ȫò˼飬ˮ
͵һ̽һֱҧ١
峿ˮϴ˰СʱǲʵʢŻεЩŹֵĶȻתѣӻò˼
ǾԼѳѩ
Ƿйˣĵ绰ˡƫƫֺһĵ˵

Ѱʪһëڿϣ̱š
е㲻ش⡣
Σɢ˾ģڹ𣬽㡣
˵ǶԷԼĶ͸ˡЩؾãԼнɤ̲вԼҲǻᰮġ

Ȼ룬ٱͻһòɢ
ľôеʱκαպĸоɴʱĶģ·Ǹֻҧɢɢغһ㡣ֱӺ鵽ָ⡣
ü˵ֶ䣬߲ڵھ

ǹ
Ҳɡ

ģһ㵽׸˵ʲô
Ӧǹ˾רô򵥡绰ͷ͵ں˵Ǯ׬ģҲ

ȻĹ˾֮ǰϵgeneҡ
ǴԸȥΪ¡Ҫgeneд˲ֱһרȴ޼Ǽҹ˾ⷽ浹ͦ뷨ġ

Ը˽⣬ǹ˾и߸ֲμӽĿ볤õһһ߸ֵһϯ֮ء
˾Ըȥ֮⣬Ȼ̧֪߿λ
geneͷЧġд迴飬дһףдһףûֹרҪôһרγʢ

ǹ˾Щ뷨ڼѰǷΧ֮ڡ
ֻǵġɢˡ
Ȼûɵԭһ㣬Ըʽûλ

ε飬ѰֻǽԸ˸绰
ΪһشСԱ֮ǰ;˭ȡᡣͬѰ˵һԿԸ̸ҵһֻҪѸgene׿ϵͷԸаհѼ۸̸ȥ
ʱԸڸԷ٩٩̸롣

ȥܹǲ
ȴģٴ׬Ǯģ
ǰֶˣѰȻڷһ䣬ζ׬ء

Ⱥȥ·ĺֻˣ̱Ͻ绰˴ڣӴذ
֪ԺĸСиѰġ
~ðְֿ󲻴󡣡

𽥲
˵˽ߴﹾһ˵ʲô󲻴ȻЩ꣬˵󣬸Ͻ

Ļⲻô
ת˸ûٿӣƺǶţ¿ԼĲȻ

Ǳְһ
Ь⣬ղǶΣ濼ǼѰ˵⡣
׬ǮأһֻΪ˰ľӳôȥѻһر顣

پðǰҪ
ֲʵˣɶԷȻ෴

ѶǸǻȥ䵭񣬱һ㣬һ㣬ɢһ㡣ǺǾ仰ӵ绰ͷʱ˲ƴڻټʱģ
ûͷƵؿʲô棬ҧ˸̣ñ̫ɹ˵
׬ǮĻô

βһô
֮ǰ˵׬Ǯ淳Ŭˡ뱻





42.  ӱ   ǰδе档


ֻûԭ, ˵أȫƾԼϲ˵뾭ѵҲΪ
͸Էȥ֮ԽԽüѰǸ׽ˡ䵭Ͳмαװ, , и಻ͬһ𣬸Ϊӡɢ, Ұ, ԺҡȻʵںȻڵǹʣâ¶İ

һ׽͸˵뱻ʱ, һʱ治ʵͼЦ, ִⶺŪԼĿĵʲôľ˵ģû, һʱҪʣ桭
ٳƬ, Ǹˡ

˵ʱ, ѰҲڵ
, Ǳڿ˿, £ôôš
ڸ, ԼոǿЦġ

ЦһҲգǲá
ٴŽż⣬ѵ֣£Ҳ֪ô, Ҳ֪ʱ˵ĻĻЦҲֶԸ鲻治ˡ
Һܸлæ˵Ҹ˶, ı, Ҳϲ
û档
绰ͷһһ˵÷ɿ쵫ն

仰, ձࡣ
ͷĸO@ҲʧˡƹҼǿֹţԼ˸ܱտռ䡣Χ쳣, һʱ绰ֻõ
㡪졣
㡣ͷ˵ǰδе档

һ
ĿڹĹҵըˡ
Ҳû̸մڲûкܾáը˾ըˣ̻ʢ죬žŻͷ̵ʴӡ

нʱ򣬻˲һĽ-ɸС
һȳ綼ܵܡ

˵С
ô˵ÿ仰ĿԡǸϵѡ֡

ٱ£ڱһ
ԶǴûϰùྭ顣Զ˵¶ǵĻӦģٵƤǲһ
֪ôش𣬺ͻȻҵĽŲ

ŵĹܽˣһ㶡
иϤһĹкٽ㣬ڰ
šٳſڿһסͲҪý𣿡
ûû£õĻǾġ

ٳҡҡͷŲסͲ֣£˵
ûȵ绰ͷзӦйҶϡ

˵ףǲ֪ôѡӱܡ

СΧ˹ʼкĹٽ㣬Ҫ𣿡
˻ûͨǰٻڸָԭʸڷϡ
ЩԽԽԼ̬Ҳȴǰࡣ
Ǵ󷽳ϣأϰ

ʦҲ̫ϸˣ㶼ز˭ʸѽС˵ԽԽˣ˾ţ֮ò׽һиͻᱻųȥ
ԱͬһСѵƵģ֣ٽᣬ˵Լ̾˿ҪбҾȥĻˣûʲôõģôۡ

Ŵôã̬ȦϤ
ÿֶ´˵£̫ˡ
ֻƢҲǱ˴ﲻľ磬ֻǺƢЦЦΪϲô졣

СƲƲ죺ǻ׷Ͻľ磬ΪKPI˼ʴﵽ˶٣ÿ춼ˡΪϲġ
û󣬱ռλ˰
ֻܸлˡټװ˵ţϲȥԵĵ

һȭ޻ϣﻹ롣
ⷬ̽ýŽšٲϤСǶ׹ֻǿƢã۸

ʵټĻΪ֣ʦʦѡ裬Щɾͳ˾ϵҪλöʵһʵģԼľͻһв
˭ϣ

˵˵ŻԽԽࡣ
ӦñԤԼȥˡ
ٿ۹ӣԼѾ֪˿Сʱˡ˸кԼϵĿ⣬󷽷ߡ

һţ˼ˣӯӯ˶۾һʣӽ㣬ʲôʱţ
ӯӯɫһӸǹO@ϸ
ûܣ󵨱̬̫ˣһǧһӭ
ҡ˸͵ĶŬŬ

ӯӯԲͣϵĿࡣ
ˣ˶ӯӯôϣСCλֲǲ֪ʦ˭ǿ˭
ӯӯݵػؾ±ǾԼˣ
㵹Ĵ󡣡
£û˵ġ

ټϴصֹŰ칫ҡ
뿪Сʱ֣ʦһֱλо񡷵±衣ٳƽıʼǱкܶδɵ뷨ϸ¼˵Ůģټܲ׼ƽ롣һЩνԼ뷨γµһ档

֣ʦͣƵϵʦпգȥ̽̽֡ⷽĲŻһҾûʲô⡣ӱ̨ʽҲܺá
ٲҾӹЦǻϵĹ͸һЩ
ǫ˰֣ʦʣԼһνô

Ƶٰӯӯ¼ġ
赸Ǹһ㣬͸ӯӯһ㡣ķʽеǰ档ȿܲûϵôá
ԼȻҲֻûԴ¼ԼƵչʾ̲ġ

Ȼ֣ʦˣ̹Ȼش𣺡Ҿûʲô⡣
һҿֳ

Ҫ˵ųԼ˭ϣţӦþ֣ʦˡ˵Ҳ֪֣ʦǶԼûѡ·ϣѡʱ뿪̨ºҲ룬ʱû뿪ȥ˻ٳδ֪ӳ䡣
ڲ¸ңͻ룬ܰμȥҲá

ٶ֣ʦҪûκξܾɡ
һ¥๦ܴ֮ǰ˵λãһ顣һβûٱġ
ڼ䣬֣ʦЧϻعŪ춯ëûһ¡أһ

֣ʦƣǿԻŵ״̬ˣ̫ϸ񡣡
ϴԼ̬ûٵ
ûϵ¶ĥ֣ʦ¶ϲɫʲôʱٳʱ䣬һ

УҾĿóȥ֣ʦ˵ȻӯӯʱҲ࣬óкܴռ䡣һϣʱ񡷾ϸڵʱȥһֱ˶޷;Լû
ô
㵱Ȼˡ֣ʦÿһԼ̡֪

ٲ˼ص¶ͷһֱӱܣ̨ӱܵĻ󡣰ϵ£Ҳϰ㡣
ʲô;
ΪԼвǹɾѾʱȥˣƢһԽԽûг嶯ԽԽҲǡ

˰֣ʦٵļ磬ٸǫ顣
˵ƣߡ
·һ¥֣ʦۼ⣺㻹Լذȥˡ

ٱ£˳֣ʦָķ򿴹ȥŷһ¥վ˸ˡ˴˼ɫT֮ӡһҡӢĸʡ˶ʽññӰڵɽ¶ƤϾ
ͻȻ˰˵Ļ
û棬ǰδе档
վǰ仰ͱϵͬˣرɾرټˡ

ղһֱ񣬲֪Ѱվǿ˶á
ߵģûѹȣ·ֻһȴձôʱôк֣ʦֱ¥
䣬ѾߵǰǰŴӢĸҲͻεǰF*ck me

ô˴·
ٱۣô˰
ǲŴ绰ôܸܲ侲ʱ䰡׼˵߰Ļ˵Ҿ͡;͡

ոиԵС֣ʦ¥ܵġ
Ѱˣ̫ˬ
ǾӸµؿưȴίҳ꣬ǲǶˡ





43.     ǰ䵭ɤ


ȷ
ԼҲʶ, ԽƫƫԽСˡ
ǰһʱǵĺ٣г徢ѡȥ, ῼǸʹ, ںԼ۱ȡ̸ܵ£һǹƻĵ, ɽδؼá
ԽǺ, ֻԽǲҡ

飬ѳĺһΣյѶš
ʲôӱøݵİ취ء

װɵͿһι, Ҳѧƹˤ
Ǽװ, װ
ˣֱйԵҰȮʱҰȮ۵, ˵ص㳡, ץ־ߡ

ʱһ¥տ, ٻ±Ƽ, ˼, ûѡ
Сܼں󣺡𣿡
ĵӡߡ

٣ȷſҡ
Ѱš

, ܲעⳡϣѹװͰ͵˵
ǲѡΣյۣ˼, ֻ˵ʱҾͿˣ
˵

Ѱû, һ·ק, ֱ˰ݡ
һ, ȫ
ղֱ۾ͳپ࣬⣬˱ǼűǼ, ҳһšѰ˸ղŵĻڲˡ

ֹйԵҰȮʱĸĲǡ
ƤӵһΣΣеĴεʱ¶ͱ˵ıʣһҧסԷϸĲ
ԽԽ֮׵Ŀ϶ҲԽԽ١ڴ촽ɲǣ͵رͷӲְɧš

ȻѳѰû̫ӦԤϡ
һ᲻غ࣬⣬һȭ롣ٿʱָ䲻ȣǰͷҼܵʱô˵Լְɧš
٣
㣬ǳ˫ꡣ

ٶһƬ
ȭָסĲŵ˸ղ

˲ȥɴϧˡ
ֵͬ˹ƻĵζʼ绰ٵֳӴ棬پԼԽûϢˡҪ˻ϰʮָѰƭӣһУżҵ͡
Ͻ𣬹ײı֤ȫ㡣

ʱҲһֱ¡
Ѱֱڼʻȼ棬һĸղŵģȥطɡ
ȥ
㡣񫣬ȥҾͲˡ

÷̣ȥҲĵط

ȥľǰȥǼڻѩ
һ֮Σͣϳ
ȻҪǹ鹦۵ܳ

ٸһʱڴϷͼƵģʶ˲ֵܱĵطǵýԭǸĻʲôġ
Ƚ˳ݣƻͨʶѾȫҵˣʲôʱɻѩݵġһ㶼֪
ͽꡣѰ𣬡ƽĸҿˡ

˵Ÿ̨ſܿ˴ӲųŮߡӸղپ;ڻѩݹֵֹġƿҴţ֡˵ڲʲôƲӵʱ㣬ôӽǾûĿˡ

ҿտյһŴױƵľӣϱߴȦ͡һӦȫתʮ¹񣬴µģɢŵľ㡣ٶźҵԼ¹񣬸ո·ķԱֻˣ˻δٸºͻѩ
ãС㡣Щµģá
ٵͷӹлл

¶ȲڱѩɽϻͣĻѩǱ
ٻԣ
ӸһųȥͿѰŰӰصһߡѰӺͻ߰Գò֡
ôûˣʡ
ûʽӪҵ

٣ǡ
Ѱʶѿġ

ԣղ˵ƽصĿ̾ѣ
ٲ̾СƢʶĶʲôͨѡϸ룬ԼҲȻͷһЩţЩ˾㱻Źǵֲס֮͡ô룬;ǰһкˡ

֮پûٻѩ
С԰ӣǰʽڲſڻѩȫòݶĴƷ·չ⣬յ硣ǰѩΪ߽׺ͨէһƲ⣬߼ĴֱСʮסĳڣֻҪһ˵ܰѿտø

Ҫ淨Щļ£㡭һȥ߼𣿡
ŻĿı飬ֻƽ
ûô˼ȥȥġ
ֻġָָ͵еźҲôԼ棿
ָ֮ΪĥԼðɡø̫ĥˡ

ںǰڼȻͷ벻Ը߼
Ҳаɣ
ʲôҸ㡣ƽȴֱףĩ˲ĸ֣ɽ𺣡

˵ǣУ
پԼʶˡججرϸ߼Ž¶£źֱ֪ƻ󡣾ϴ¸߼ѾˣԼˮƽ֪֮

ϵ¶Ⱥϰ룺
ˡ
ԺԼһϷšƭӵʵ

ѻѩƲƲ죺°ɣ¡
겢ಽȻƿĿĿϣ·ûˣ̼ô
ȥû
ûЦӦˣҴ·硣

˵գ־㵹
˳ǹһ㶼Ѳ·Ȼ˸гߵķ죬鷢ĴϡͷձȻչ⣬޴ĻǽҲ˸Űѩĳɽ롣ڣȴݱѩء
ҡһΣÿҪֱקҧסûԼ̬̼ⷬع˵һ¡

̫ˡ
סΣƿһֱֱۡ
þûôˡ

ɡʱȷʵоˬܾˡ
Ȼǲһġ
ڱԼȫͬ顣¸һΣԼ¶¡

ڶȻǶٽм˼С̨
ٺܺõذѿԼƿ̨ȥĶǷ˾裬תǳһ̨ʱתѾˡ

ģеӺ󼱴ٵ

֪ԼܲǸС̨ԾҲ׵ӡŬסȣһJƮסΡ
صɲǣһӰҲɲͣࡣ
Ŀüڲš˿ˮƽ
һ͵͵ǡ

ʵ˵ղɵ˲䣬ȷʵܵ˷磬ӭ
Ƿƺ·ֻҪ־ܲ׽һ㡣

׽һôֵø˵
֪
ʱƭԼ

Ϊٵĺ飬ûƵ»һûһ¡˵ŵ£Ѱ;ҪӦĵطһ̴ٵһ
һ·µ۾
ĻѩúԻлһƬڹ͵֡ǵͰСɣźصİѩ·ɽĳͷǿա

˵Ż⧲ܵһ
ܵһ˵ĵ¶ȴӺ漷˹ס΢΢ͷ°ѴɤðһƵĴϢ
ŻѩٻһƤ̵ĸо
ѩɽһ黯ʯȽŽˣͷ۲ֱҲѳڡ

˵Ȼ˺Ƥ˵
˷ߣһɵ֮˵ˣһӺ汧㡣
ٲ˵
Լһ˵ÿ仰ġ

㡣
ֽһ
ǰ䵭ɤɺҪ

ٳͶ֮ǰȻա


Աǰһ߽мһ·ü˵˿տܿɳٳûȵ˵˵֡ԶĵطѰ˹ȥÿտһ·ſȻֹ

ʯٶ˶ֽţɺ˷·˯һδֺ
װĵСƵĲһ˭⣿Ƥ֮ǰ־Ҫȡ
˵װΪʲô

ûͨװΪ

ͻȻžડžડž઼ͷĿĵƹлĻһԶʼϨ𡣲ʮ룬ΧһƬڰټĻѩû˵ƹҫĿҰס˾ȫƵģ
첻죬زǵأֻкꡣ

ٵһΪûˡ

Ѱ˵ֱͬӺ£˹ڻڸ¡ظ࣬òڡ
ֻ˵ʱġ
谵±ӣ˵Ҳٷˡ

˲䡣
ιļ䣬ͷһꡣ





44.     ١


ٵһ˰ࡣԶһֱûͱǲ㴰ֽԶæ, ʱʱһҲԼóԸӰ, ȻԻؼҡ
һֱΪԼⷽǸΪԺ䵭ˡΪȻĶֻĻ, Լڴ֮ǰûκδྭ顣
ķϵͳȻһȫˡ

н㣬ܲˡ
ҧŵ˵ֻ˵ʱ, ġ˲, İ-ӿѪҺֹסڡ
ӿտյ, ֻʣһͷ
żѰ, Ҫѧˡ

һΣѰһ֮ǰĲ, Ҳû˵ҲϷ֡Ӻ, ڸо¶Ƥñʱ֡
Ƭտѩ·˻, ͵ʹ˹ȥǿơ

Ҫ, ȫƾԼĸйѩٽ
ӰԽԽ, ͻҰ׵ѩĻΪһ塣
, ûнס
Ҫ⼸Ӷʱ䣬һԼ

֮ͷžžઽӶ򿪡
ٻ³һ
ƺÿһζǽźڰ, Ż¶ΣԡߴҲˡȻ, ټѰķʱ, üۼµֻ

ôʡ
, ٸһ⣺ô͹Ա˵ģ
һ죬ǻ뻰㣬ô±֪˻죿
û¡췴, 漴ʶԼһ壬䣺Ҳû˻졣

˲᲻Цһβ´һģ
ٺȻ;ɤģġ
͵͵ƳۣĿƮĳѩϡȻڶ߽ͣû˵ʲô˵ڶͯû

ƽڻѩͯռݽһ硣
Ա˵ʱȻ˶ͯҲûǿȥ˵ûԷʱô˵ʱ򣬹Աȷʵûֻ֣ǹЦԭǱߣ˵ôˡΪˡ
û취ѰԲѣͯδ

ѰҰĳʵƭˡ
ǷѣʱһҪصӡ˶ãǲмڱԵġҲôãŹԱ롣
˽˿һǴ̵ľ

ڻѩĺʱ䣬ûٷʲô¡
ˣ˶ԷСſڵıΡһһţʮ¥ĳϻ
ֻٵ֣˸׺
ˡ

ٻصңܿӵľӵĵ绰
ľڵ绰˷ܣ㿴⼸û
ûôˣ
ȻˣľӷֵǱըıЩCPķ˿ʺȫ£趼ˡ밡ǷֵĿ죬ҪȻҲⲻһ

ľ˵ʱٿ˹š
ܱľгȥѡ

ȻȻڵ۵˹ȵף˿ɵصһ¡ϾĳЩ˵źû򻵶
ҪǱץĵطƬְҵɼһߡ
Ȧһͷײ˷˼ϡ

һĿʮɨѡ
ľڵ绰ͷ˵ôСһ¾ܰδǰ;ѹ壬ҪΪǹ˾ѹû㹫أˡ˵ллҼܵܡ
Ҽҡʶ
ӲʲôľЦջضԼܵܵĳɼǸǳ׵ĵܵܣ齨鳤ڷչ

ֱӼЦҸ갡ô飬˼Ұȫˣɲ㡣
ǣҪȥ롣ľӻָҪʲôɧ˼еܵܣŻôŷչ˵һ˵æ£û㿪ʲôɣ


ٳãҡͷûС
ľӺٺһЦǲ͵ˡ˼Ҳͼɶͼٽϲ

ٸоһУӽż鵽ͷƤ
½ֺԴ㡣
ĶˣôǸպ͵ܵԼ꣬ʲô㶼ĵɣ

ٲ˵ľӾͼӦҲ˰ɣʵľСҲͦϲġ֮ǰԶ˵ʱ乻ڵİɣиоСôһ𣿡
ûСٺܳʵ
԰ܵܺ͵ܵҲǲһġľ̾˿ϲϰɣ١¸һ㡣

***

ϡ
ٳܲʱߵһ̣һţſڶһӻ޹ҶţǿɰͰڵصϣɫһܻ׺˷Ǿޱ۵ɫ˵Ů˼
ȥ1601ĴšŰţӵʮﲢûκζ

ͷһڻмѰһСƬ
ȷдСա
һֿ죬һʱ벻𵽵ļȻؼ˸ƿѻȥ˵ˮؿڡżܲ

СʱصңѾ˶ſڵصԶ˸
پ¸ҵȥš

ǰװƲһֻҪһãžͻῪһô˧еٶͷһСߵͷãסһĳ嶯˰
š͵Ӧһÿߣ

ˣҪȥš˵ҿˡ

ǸСͦģ»лӦܿܳʱ䡣ԼûзǺͨǶƵģһ㿪ģˡлл

Źֵؿһۣʲôӡ
ϷҼҡٺȻ򣬡͵ģ
㣬2021ˡ˯ü˭׷˻͡


û˵꣬Ըһ䣺١
㡣ѡ
Ƣëһ浽׻˶ٳˡĲˬɫһء
ٹԹڼң廨ƿˡ
Ĳˬˣšüʲô߰Ķ

ˤţֱҷߡ
һжһթƭһ˵ȥˣĿɨգܲܶ㾯ԡ

ٵһɰС
ɶԷţһƢûС

ʱѰȫ¶ְѻƿÿͷ˿˵ģӺܷ
ֳ˸һذѻӽȥ⡣
һ׶꣬䵭˭͵ģ

ٿǽߣһ
һûҲûڶ¡˲̶ôͺϾԹۣȤ

Ĵͷٿüˡ
ƺʶղŮ˹ʱѹŸ˵ģҲϲõ׷˷漴ӲŤתװͰ͵˵˵ϲֲûǮ㶩һ

ĵؽĻ磬˫ֻؿʣʲôݣ

˰죬ҧ³֣׷ߡ

һЦˣᵴüҡ
ûӣѰһ±ò֪룬Ӳģüôˣ
ûʲôЦá

Ѱ
ˡҰ׷ôõ

죬ÿ춼һʻ͵ſڡ
ֱĳؼңϿһδӰԶˡɴһšվȾͷü͵Ϧ̫ĿۣȻ뵽֮ǰĶǼһܾ֮֡ǰԶõǳǼҡ

վڵݿûƬ̺Զ߹
٣ˡ
Զ̧֣ƺҪȥͷ
ٲ˵ƫͷ㿪ıɬ

Զڰе΢٣漴Ȼջأ·ں䵭ֻ˵֮ǰ¡
ʲôý͵ġʡ
ûкͱ˷ϵԶ˵úƶκˡ

ٵĿЩƮȴʼյȻ
ԴѾʧȥеĹעںʲô·ûϵƵġ

ԶͻȻʼˡ
󣺡ҵĽͺٸ̣𡣡





45.     ѭ浸عˡ


ԶڵĹع˾֧Ŀ顣ҵǿ, кüͻĺͬϡоͰgeneýԽӲ֡
Щʱ򣬼ѰƢţǹǿҲʹ
ýһв׽Ӱ, ͵óҥgeneûͬҵʿϵӲ, geneҲûծ粨geneûнɲžgeneʧ, ӻɻ, ͣһʱ䡣

Ƕʱ䣬˾Զ˸, ǹĳ֪ҵý幫ءԷҵڹ, ҪŶ˵פ
ԶԭԸȥ, ʲô˵
Ԥϵ, û̫Ӧ, Ȱ˵, ȥѽ

, Ȼûʧ
ǲ, ϲ֮Ĺϵ˵ľС

жĳɷ֣ԶսĿ
մǢ̸Է˾߲ھˡӴ֪ǲǳڹ, ԹڿţҲɫȮĳϻ켣ˡǸ߲ڵҫǾϸѡڿŮ, ϸþĺ, Ҫǡ֤û

ﶼ֮ɫ, ˷θ
Լ˾Ĵ쵼ڣ쵼û˵ʲôԶôЩľ, ȻҲóͷ

ŷ￴ŴһְȹĽŮͽ쵼ķ䡣
һһ
ֱԼķű졣

ŶһϵơԶ֪иˮ㣬һһѡ񣬵˵ڶ죬ȻΪʸ֮ġ
ҿͻ΢
ûͬ۵ץ˵İѱ

ϣŮ˳ɹ˷䡣
ű¶Ťֻ֫ڻһȭĵطĮƿԶóһֽ𣬸ڿţ춯Լ뿪Լ׼žƽ
շת࣬뿪ڵĵһʮСʱʼ١

֪˶ãиO@춯
ŮǮøɻȻ⣬˳Ҳһ뿪ˡ

һξΡ
Զϰˡֻڴ쵼ع֮ɽ߻ʵԶŶӵҪˡҲΪͷ˾ڣȨˣܶʱֱһܾ񡣾ܾˣͬһһװģͽˡ

ǵǴͻع١
Ķ磬Ĳۡټ治죬Ǳʱ˸˰ţ蹫ءһ죬ĺɻȥ¡

Ǵιض˾Ӱܴ󣬺ù졣
֮󣬶Է׼˴л硣
ΪҪˣԶȻҪƶϯϣиԽӵĿͻﰵ˵ϲԶԸͬԱºڣ˵Ҫ

˹˵վڸϣϲӵ档Զ˳Ϊְн
ȻԶҲǸѡ

۲͵ÿ˶ҪԶ缸䡣
ʤûܻعԢͽס¥ϾƵꡣ֮ǰԶԼһ˿ߣǵԼڹϷ֮ǰͬ˵Ժž۲ˣҲϲ
Ů˽Ц˵ãȻűߣĿӯӯԺǵԼף

һŹˡ
ԶȻڵ̺ϣЩˡ
ղŲΪ١ٴӲ˵ĻҲı鿴һʱ֮䣬Լʧܵġ

ڶиǰܵ·ˡ

-ھƵϣȴһˡӦֻ͵ſڵĿͻڴһ࣬Ŵơñؿͬ簲ôô簡˯𡣡

ԶͷʹѣһԵԡΧ䣬˴̫Ѩüſʼ䡣
ҵģ̺ҲǶһһյͰڽűߣϲ㶪˼ŷֽ͸ϰװиСУѹ¼öʪġһѵı--ס

ʲôԶ
ѱʿȣ˫ɨŮˣô⡣
졭źۼ֣¶ڷ䵹ˣͽ˿ͷš淿䣬͡
ҧҧˡͻȻסңҲûӦ

˵ίͰʸ
ԶŮ˹ڴ󵨵Ķһ񺮣ʶƿϴּߡ

ˮǲˡڵϵֻ˼Ӻɿԡűߣô
˻ˮظһ飺ѽԶ

ֻʾͨС
绰ŮԶȫ
µת˸ɤӣѽ㣬ֲ㸺

ʮ룬ֻǳꤻת
ôɡ
ϣҲ𡣡
ŵĻԼͰˣôˬûˬԼ֪ѽ

ˮͣصһײǽϡ
Զʪģɫȥ
ЩŵȴȻӭϣѽ
Ҫ˵ڶ顣Զ

ӷļˡ
벻ͨ˵ʲô֮ǰҪڿŮɵʱҲûܾǻôͲΪŮˣ
ֲǵһһҹ-ˣװʲô
ôУͲСѲɻĲã

س˳½ƾôŬĲʡµҲ˿ӦǴ󣬿ſſ-ڷ
Ĳúֳﶼûл
ʵȤ
Ψһ˸˵ǣҪǧ֮Ůѷˡû谭ڣͲβ

жʱ䣬Զȷʵû
Ŷӵ˵»عٻʱüۼڲסƣʲô¡ûþ˿Ц˵ҪʵŮꡣûɣȷʵǷˡ

һʱԶͶ빤
ΪĳЩԭһֱͻž롣ǸŮоƵģû¾͵ǰΣͬʲôûһ˿֪Ρ
żŶӣ˵һµĹͲʱԼ決СʳԶ¡
ͬŶ壬֪׷ԶҲǵЦ

죬ǰ칫Ť˽šˮӯӯֱԶƮͬ壬ܣŮˤˣȥһ°
Զһֱۡ
ŮɤתԹ͸һְֻ졭㻹ء

ᣬ˵ġ
ˣԶ˼װϣȣɫ鵭ģվû
ѽŮЦ

ԶԭΪϵ𽥻͡
һ죬ҲƲΣԼĴ£ʼµֱǰܡ
ʺһˣǿͻʱ˵Ҹ鹤ǰͷ쵼͸ҿżô

Ӧڴ绰
϶˵Ҿ˵ûĸ˲ϲ͵ȡûĸ˲ԸԼϵŮⲻǳô
ʼһΪءôŮɿԣҾͲԣô𡣡
ˣҲûʲôֻװֲ˵ͦʺϵ˵ģҪҸµˡڹϵûüлᷢ

Զ˵嵱ʱһ˲䣬ʲô
һ˴Ů˵뷨ҪģȻظȻйɻعĳ嶯Ȼرر١
ʵԼûôҲһвΪǲǻлһΡ

ѸٴͷĹ
⼸죬Ȼδÿһ׼ʱ͵ǡ

¶Ŷӣִƽйȥ
糾͡ĵ֮ʮ¥һ˲䣬һжֵˡȥӵ˵˼ȴûҴ
ǸնӣԶжв鶼ԭԭ

볤óĬ
Զŵ´٣㻹һλ𡣡


ã

ϳ
ķ⣬Ҫͷ
ٿ̧ͷﲨ˸ѭ浸عˡ
˵Զȥ׽硣





46.  ɴ   ϲŵĸо


ԶʲôҪȥ׽硣
䲻ŵ, ԼԼʶСӲһˡûվԭصȴѿزסķһһǱ۵ĵһԺԽԽԶ, ԽԽץס

Զ, Ȼûлˣ𡣡
˭˭ᡣٺ, ǱͲӦһ𡣾ûзЩ, ǲһߵҲд
˵Ҳúϲȥи飬Ǹôһ, ϲ߲ϲ

ʱǡ
Զٴһ, ͵һ档ǰ٣վϦ, ɫѩĳ¡ţп, ֻ򵥵Ĵ綼ǡɾ, ׯ, ί, ҲºƢǨ͡Ĺâ, ԶǰܣԼȷʵ䲻
ڹѵ˼ǣûϲҡ
ϲɡʵûϲĶ, ΪʲôҪ̸ôá

Զÿ촽΢ʼʱ, ǲΪ, ӾԺȳġ
ĬĬԡ
̾˿ҵĵطھԺ

Ϧ˰, ˽⡣
Ĭáٿڣ֪

Զɫӵؿ١
ʣȻ㶼֪ˣΪʲôҵĻԡΪʲôµôƽ͵ͬ˵
ûʳ, ԶڳȻصȼһ̡ʴ˺üʮſƮβָ֮΢΢ԴǸ˵Ǹ֪㲻ϲһˡ
֪ôƽͬ˵

ûü㿪°ʾ
³һ̣˵ҵңҲһôҷֵ壬м͸ǲһġԲΪҲѡһʱңӦûеϲġ

Զ֪ô˵Ѿӡ
ӾԺӺﵽ̻ҽԺ˵ǾˣֻǾ֮͡ԺΣգ֪Ϊһͨ˵Լûѡ񡣻ֻԱİɡ
ԶԸ⣬𴦣أΪʲôϲˡ

˵壬ʱ䲻Ժķһθ顣
̫ƽˣ֮ûл𻨡
Ӧϲƽô
䵭˱Ͳ飿

ҡҡͷҲ޽⡣

ǧ׸߿һԾµǴΣҲпܲ׽һ̣¶ԼҪʲôȥݹȥȻζˡ

Ĭ϶Ѿȼ˰̡֧
شԶʣҵھ糡𡣡
Ҳɡ˵Ҵ֪˭ûʡ
Ϊʲô
˼Ҳ˵Ҳһʣ֮ϲԭҲͲ塣شۣЦЦǲ˵ĺáһ㡣

仰ڳ׵׸Զ̡
̵ָٶ˶Զҡ

Ĭ֧̣ͷɵس֣٣ϣ㣬Ҹ
šҲǡ֡

ʮָȴǻûܵ¶ȾҪֿ
Զָǣֽһ١
֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻ֪ôſֵĻҲˡ

һͣʮ㡣
иƼž
ǲǰȥͯˣҲţʵǲԼĶ͵͵yyСء˵СһӴǵȥ˰˵˵һȥҼءҾͲû»ȥͯ
㷳һϤ͵

˵ڵݿȻֹ
ʶԼ֣Ƥһ̧Զ￴Ȼݿʱ򣬵ݿǵҲѸٵǰ
üĿ׶ؿʲô

ԶĿ֮䷴ûʲô
Σ֪ʲô̬ʣѰǲǵû֮ǰҪʲô

ȥıɩ
ֻҪһ뵽ճݼĻ棬Ѱ;ԼҪˣǼʷ衣Զ޼ɵŽ֣Ķ˷ϣһϹӡ
ʱѩɽεǰ
˵Ϣȴһһð

ֻܿ굥ͦεļںܿɣӺҲܿһûƵһԲ
šüȻԶ˵û˼һ㡣

ԣˣҲҪ㣬ǰŮѡ
ֶֻҪ裬ٻ롣
ǵѩɽǸϣסͬһȪƵꡣ㿴ˣһӡ

ԶģѰ뵽ˡ
ߣͬһӵݳҲˡոɰͰ͵ģ·ʱҪӭѩ籩

ٺغ֣Ѱ
֮ӭԶ֪
첻µزµСͷֻˡһǰ㣬קϲ˺ޡһİֱֱŶԷȥͷ

ǱԶƫͷһ٣٣һǸղŵԸ
ϣ㣬Ҹ

΢΢ףһֱԶʧڵź
ߺߣٿŶˡ
ŤͷޱĿ۵ǺһƬô˵ô

ĳѺʶʱݿ㡢ģҼͻȻе£Ͳˡ
ԶĵݸոȥһڻС
λѶ˵˰ȫͨ־ʮ¥ȥ˲ֻʣֻƢ̫õĳֻƢ̫õĳֻ

̹ȻԵóƴ׵ĳСˡ
ʢԴ׺󾢺ܴ󡣴ʱûʱȡֵСҰȮһɤۺ죬ٷһƱҪ߸ϳ̡
˵ʲôѰҧºʣʲôƨԸ

ûбܵ׷ľ顣
ֻ֪Զʲ˵ʲôʵ⣬ôӦûĳǡʱźۼһ䡣ԻëëСҰϣʼЩʴӣǺܿ죬һ״Ϯȫ
ֿԸоԼڱҵϲŵĿ֡
ҪռУΪġ

Ȼһжδʼ·ѾԤеˡ
Ǳϲŵĸо

ٶݵس񣬻ҵĻػ
㻹Ѱʹָ߬겻شϡ


˷಻죬ͷݵͷ
վֻȸ

˼һΣ飬û
ƭҡ˵ƺͻȻԼûôҪ˼֣ۣ㸴ϵģӦ֮ǰ
˵ȥˣβ졣
ǹɾץٵ־1601ߡٶһзӦ֪֮ԼģûܡϵƤȣ·ǸСѣԴԴͷŹϢ

صأٽǰʶܿǿɫëֻ̺첻ԸտվȾͱѹŰϡոסǹһᣬ˫ַ϶ϡͦȻߣ۽𣬻գһ¡

ֻҪһ뵽
ݺݵ˵
վû˵ꡣ䳤³һ

ٽ촩ѩĳ£ϵ͸磬ظܵÿһοûȶȡǵżѩĲֿƵʱ඼ͣˡ

ĳͣھࡣ
̵ĺһ硣
ѹֵ-˵㣬е̲סˡ





47.     ϲңǳ¡


ɬֿ, һһιϡ
ټÿһδ꿪ϵϸ΢þ׹ڻ죬մ˳⵽, ʪ
ٷһϸܵĺʧƿ, 

ôôĻߣҲʵĴ, ؿ, ҵ˺˴˵Ĵʣ󵨡
ǣҴ󵨡, ·һ׵ĺɿ˳, ʱƽȴģҵ𡣡
ƣ㲻ϲԶ, ϲһ𡣡
Ҳ

Զ鸴ȼ, Ѱܷ
ôǿıԺǿ, Ƣܻ, ϲƽʱ, Ȼһôƨ¡Ƿڼе֪, ǿԶһͬԵȵġ
㻹С𡣡
ѰֱͦԼҪҪԼһ, ǲһ˵塣

ѰԡڼһƵʱǼġ
ûɹô󵨵, ֣ûС

˵̫, Ѿؿڡ
һ, ££, ᳯ

ûСΪʲôӦҡΪʲôܡ
մ̫ˡٺֱףûȫ֮ǰ״̬ͽµһΣ˭𡣡
Ȼˣ㻹ϲԶ
̾˿ĸؿڴҵĹĶûϲ

ϲϲ𡣡
룬ҡͷûС
ˡ
һ˲ȻָܵԼڣָҵġ

⻹ǣȻüңư㿪ڣղʱҲ
٣

Ѱżܷ档
ѿزסĵ㣬Ҳ˵ĵط
ûм׷ȥǰľǶԼġûϲԶԼ
Ѱõ˽õϢ

ſ֣һϴղŵĲ죬Щ棺
ϲңǳ¡
ңҲǳ¡

***

Ķˡ
ʱֵȷʵ㣬ôᱻһСĵܵò̶ֳȡ飬˶ԼԼȥĸ龭˻ɣͬ˵ԼѰȴŮֲ嶫

ٸľӷʱľ˷ܵط·ԼС̸ܵòУ˵ˣҲҸܵܣ¹Ǿˣ˼䱦ذء˵˵һ
ҲûʲôĿ˵ˡ
ٴ֮꣬һԹѰġ
ġľӲøԹˡ

ٱߺľӽ绰ߴ
Ȼ¿ǡ
ľͷʣô뵽ʲôľˣҷ

ʶû̡
װ򶨣ڸճŴš
ľӣţԣ
ٵˡ

ǿб£ѰڳߡǺܷĺºڿ㣬ǿɰġڿ¼ӵϣ΢绹ҪһֳڶһֻȻ´ָתһö
աա
иתһȦһнײÿһûƵģǡ

еԶĳʧȥá
ٿ߿ڵ۵ƽҹĻഥһ̣ҹĻտ˸һꡣ

ľӽι˺üͻȻ֪ʣǲǳûͦ˧ġ
˭ľһûӦ󣺡ϻ
ҪΪѰܱΪôֺСﶼգ۵Ʀģ

ľӱٰ㶼Զֶˣ鷳Ͻ۾һɣϵǧǧǧôĵܵ׷㣬𣡡
ľӵϴʱ䲻ˡ
߾ȫ󺰣Ϊ֮ǰ˵ܵǸǸơʵڲҽ㣬´αƵòˡ΢ôһҪǸŶˣ°٣Ǹɣ

ѧʱ
Ѿߵ˸ǰޱҵظõģյˡ
ľӣţõġˡ

ٸľӴͨ绰ԭġ
ԼϼѰʧȥ˽еķִ硣ĳƽȫԺ֪ɿأȴŲɿصķһȥ޷ͷѰ±ͼΣԣױ籩ʬ޴档ֻǱܵرҲ᱾ܵ졣

Ĵ󵨷ЩȻʲô
°ࡣѰվֱȻȥѡ
ѣȡ
𡣡̬ǿӲýϲңҪ˽˽Ҳǡ

ȷʵ˽һ㡣
˳⿪
Ȼ֪ҪԼȥģͬȥÿܹǾ˶顣ٰο˵ҵʵơ

ڷһ֡
ʱҲɹ˽ȥû
ûСʣôˡ

֮ǰ˵ݡѰ˶٣ǲֻŲʸ
ԡٵͷŲµĺġ
Ȼ¶һ
ĽëѻһһдĶ

һһ֣ʦѰƵġ
´ǣôһٹ˵ءڼǰ͵ݽ˻ŵ롣βȹ֣ʦʦǹأֱӵζһιؾ쵼ǰݲһʧ
ʱ䣬ʱõˡ

ڳǽĳʮ·ͣ£Ƽ϶˵˼Ҫ˭

ƫͷɨһۣװдĸ֣֪ʡ

װͿӯӯɣţϴһ¼˳档֣ʦǿģҲò
©˵һص㣬񡷸ı֮Ҫܸߡų֮ȷʵӯӯʡĿǰԼšǺϸֻʣӯӯһˡ
ȻѰô룬ЦԶãܡ

ǶԶĪĵ⣬
бĵܵΪɰҲɥʧ˼Ū
ǰѾύˡȭԼ˸ƣһŬ
ǽֿʲôأٿĶ΢ض˶

˵ʲôٿ˽мѰ֡

Ǵ˿ͣںƿڣʮ뵹ʱӽβ
ѭݴһŵͲƷ¥¶С̡кǴĳҸʳſڴġٷֱԴҴҶȺиŻŮˣǵķܹ
󿪣Ů˵Ҳ㣿
ʾǱ߿ʶ

ޱջĿ⣬Ϣ
ֹʶٴ󵨲²⣬˵г

Ƶʱ롣
ԥҪҪϳͻȻһղǸ˰·ǶŮ˰Ӵһ˳ǰ
٣

ؿ۳ͷܳƺûװг¼ǡʻϵ´ǣ۵¶̬֮ĬĬһƢʣǱ˸г𣿡
ţе㡣
û̵ˣʾ˿鲢á

̽ͷġ
ô졣ʡ
ȥ


һ룬Ϩˡ׺ݵ˳ӸվڳͷһˤŮˣڣʲô
ʲô㲻ҾͿˡ
仰³ʱģʱĳһһͷ³϶ŮǸŲ´ЬԹ޿

һ³Ů˵ìͷŤתС㲻ҪŶ˲ģ˺˶ҪŪĹλˣӲԼ費ԺҪŵġ
üӲ⼸ޱȷС
˵ֻ޴ֶ񶾡
𽥲衣ᴽЦһһնŮˣ˵һ顣

ŮӦüݵӣкüʮ룬û˵
һ½½˵͸˽
ײˣ
񳵻ɣ˶û¡
ɰ

ٵһ¡ΪǰѵҴߣٷʲôԵø侲ǡҲֻкͼѰԵʱ򣬻ᱻŴԷ롣ʱѵġ

ΧӿԣΨһ¾Ů˭ʲôֻҪѰ̹Ϳˣ
ôһ룬ԺΨһһѡ
Ը˵ѰСҵ£͵عŶƿС塣Ʋ⣬ǰŮ˼пܾλСˡ

ڼѰʧؾٴ֮ǰٸһ
Ŀָɾ񴩹ĳ⣬ն˵¶ȡˣ૵ʱȴ˴̡
ءٻ˵ϹҲ˵ģ





48.  ̹   ˡ


˵ݻʵΥ͸С
, º͡ǼʱӣѰһƯ޹㿪ڻôǴһʼͶչʾġ

һ̼ѰϢʱ̶ڱ±Ե
һ, һƫ, ǵȻƽӿεϪ䲻̧β, ƺϿ⡣ҰҲ궯, ԣƳ
鷴ο
ֱ̧, ƽ˵, û¡

нˣôû£
ôУʱԡι㡱ôƺЩ̬Ⱥö, żһ, Ͼ
ٳ˲С޵θ, ᶨͬվͳһսߣ˵ʲôȱ

˵ͳֻ, Ů˵һһְ
110
ڰ²ͨǰһ, Ůͦˮϵ, ȥֻƽмѣһɶöԷ˸ʺ
ѣôš
Ůˣ

żѰ˵Χ, Χ۹Ⱥ˵Ҷ˰ɣ̵֪ƿм, Ҫˡĩһ, ɵ, 鷳֤

ŮɻԭأڰؿޣҪǲˣòͬҵ, ôߡ
һĨһһֻȥָѰǣ·ּҵʱ˲ƲԼ͵ʹֶΰͽǮˣһŮˣôӰ

·½½ͳֻա
緢һ漰ҲᶼַܷתۡܶΪ˵ͬķƸꡣټ֮мgeneյˣʱܷһš

ٴŲµЩŶôˡЩšüǰ͵Ҫ˵¼أҪô˵Ǿͬ־İ참ɣպãҪһɡ

ٴ˸߸ЬվֱҲ͵Ѱ̵ʵڹʮ㣬һ鶼ԼСܵһ˺

ǿаѸ߸ݵʻԼűߣͬΧ۵˵ֻĸλλŮʿɣһ´ǵʱܷ֤ոմӽֽǱ߳ᳵ·ӦˡҶעŵ㣬ˡ
ҪؼʾͲͬˡ
ͷ׷תڵϵŮˡŮûסԼԴʲôģʲô

ۼͨΧִڵĽ˹
˫һǹལĽ棬Ϊûװؼ¼ǣֻȥȡءȫ̳˽ȡ֤ټֲüѰ棬Լ㶨
һ˫߸Ьȹҡҷ磬͸˼ˬ

صϣδɢȥȺڸкôŮأ
üۣ˵ͬ־˵򣬱ȥ
Ŷɵİ
ǵȻˣ˵ǹ߷ء˵λڸĶעע⣬˶ϡ

ѾӸ߲£̫ô
ֱ硣
ٹϿյڴһƫͷʻ˸okƣˣ㶨
³ѰЩˣĿľࡣ

˺мƳڲ࣬ȹڵסĵطµǰţͬ񡣾ã˲Ŀ⡣Ϊ¡
뵽⣬
Ҳںôҡ
ںٽӵúܿ졣˵仰ʱûô֣£§ųһֱڰţҷĵؽôһ䣬̬ȻøĶȫһÿ̫ࡢʶͻȥһ

Ѱ߬࣬һһۡ
˵ں
̫ˣൽ˻ǲǶ˶ѰȻѹסͷɽ𣺡Ϊʲô
һ˲Ȼ˵ҲܵܣҲѡ

ʾѾˡ
ͻȻóƷĽ￴һۣþ뿪ֳ·˰
ˡٺƢЦЦȻʾʻ

˶
Ӽ⿪˲ʮӣͣһտĳ¡Զͣżֻ⴦ǿŵģƺΪ˭Ԥ
תȣͷҲ䳤ʱչ⻹ʢв

ӽʱپܣһ޳
ֻڽ⣬ϡ١
ʣѶ⣿
š

ղ𣬼ѰĻͲࡣ
·£ѹ֡ڵɨһۣ۵׶ƺزΡѰǸˣ͸񣬸벻˶ϡһϤҪж̫ˡ
ͱʱ򵥵һšȻѹһɾ

ôˣٵ
мһοհױˣ죬̬ǰδеǿӲҪ𰸡
ѹסˣǹҪӵеŨҸܡ

ٿ˵Ĵʲô
ǵܵܣҲѡʣµѡࡣ
ԼᱻҲһСôͻġκ׼ĽģʽϤġ

ԥƬ̣žһ⿪˰ȫۡ
ֻǻŤͷָ̧֣ⷽں˰̴

֪ô𡣡ָڣ¶ڷڸµİ̺ۡ
Ԥϵʲôǣʣôġ
ѰڴԺҾ˸ˡ
ָڲڷοĺ°̺۵ǴѾͷϸ档

ȥһҪ̹
Ѿ֪ҪʲôĻˡ

ĿⶨǴܵˣ𡣡
ǡ
ΪʲôںȻҪ˵ʣֱ̽ʱ㻹
Ǳȴƺ͸һпᶨ飬ϣǸӱˡ

ͽԶ
ʲôѡԶΪΪмŻͬһٱ±øһġ

û˵ѰѾջ֡
¿ϣָȻ´һûһ²ŪŰȫ۵Ŀۡѡʱ򽻵ףȻڶģ˵м͸ֵ塣
ҶѡΪϲǱġ

̾˿ˡ
û͵һİɬ溻ʵǽֱһ㳯ӵ˹ʵϣȷʵȡ˴ʩϥһΣϰͳ˸ݡ
СĿռ佻źϵĿյڶɢеĹ̡

ؿ΢΢ϸϸҲŰڳϸ΢ȡ
Ȼڽ촩ĹӸµĽǶȣһľɫ̬һԣ˻Ȼ
ĿƵϣʹԣ۾ܴ⣬ӰȫԼģһһĿⶼûзɢ

ټգۣΪҷֵ壬ڱѡ𡣡
㿿ôôұɫԻͷô

ܻ
Ҫ˵Ļǳ׵˸ԻԷ

Ѱޱ飬ȴϵ𡣡
Ҳᡣ˵
ԡ

ԲֻǴ֮սķ˱գۼ䴽Ķǣ̽Ʒʢ磬һ£һ£ɾǡ
ֻҪһܿŮ˱ľࡣ
ţԼĽ಻ؽ

ⳡŨңֻҪ̺ͣѰ˳˵ʵĽ㳹׳ʵ
˵ɣϲҵĻͺͣ

Ѱ֪ԼǸܺÿˡ
ٿ˱ϣգɫ
ٲͣġ

ʱһ˿ǳſ⣬ô롣
Ļˡ
㲻Ҫҷ衣

չƺֻΪ֮һ·ߡ
ٺȻֱ̧۴ĺ󾱣Լһ˫⧲ıһűֱ˵Ĺǻٿըˡ
ôõػɽ·ͻȻһֱͷĿѣ

Ѱֻʣһͷ
١ˡ





49.  ƴסһ   ô˳ƴ׳Ե⡭


ѰеĴ󵨺ԡ
, Ҳͽ˶ѡ
ﵥǹֱ룬ʵȴڴ̡֮ǰÿοƴ, ʵвԺСһǸԼ

һٹסһȫ군ˡ
ν, ͷαװ

Ů˵Ĵ˵
СĵƹСĵ˱Ĵ, , ȴҲõһαǵ˲ʧȥий١׹һ𣬻һ̻ɡϢﳢԼ, ǹĿٿظȫ, 󼹶
㣬ҪΪ㷢ˡ
ССڻ, ѹס, Ӳ̡

ǳֹǶĳϢ
ƿ, ʪ󣺡ô롣
ڻشѰ֮ǰ, 㵽ô롣

ѾҪ˵ٶࡣ
жĶˡǺ޵ĴɫѾ˵һС

Ѱˮĳ, ÿڸ
򴽣𡣡
ոջ֪ٹ˵ۿɫ, һŶѿڶѸٰһǣˡ

ǰ룬ͱŪúϺ¡
Ѱҧº, Ƣ㲻۲Ƣá޷޵ˣҺ𡣡
ס󾱵ֻ, 첲, ٳۣ档, ѹˡ

ĳˣԣ𡣡
һۣڵѹˡ
룬Ȼʶʲô, ١

εÿҪᡣ
ãӦ
ŶȻ
˿ȴǣľжϵĹȻûơڸǲãΪһ٣Լԭƿסġ

˼Ľ⣬ˡ
⿴һۣʣ³𡣡
¡ҧгݣٵȻᡣ
ڵʲôԶ

ʮӺǴ޳ĺšһ·ûˣܾĿͣԼϣ˵ʲôȴʡ漫ˣͣ½Ųôˣѻʲôزɡ
ǡСûסס֣ӡ

ʮָһĹ̡
´ǣ־˵ѽŤ

޳ǼѰѿģռغܴ
geneִͬҵ硣
ȻһʼֻΪͨ޳һ·ʶһרŸװ˽˷ġߴװĺͣ۴αȡ

Ѱڹĸ߸ЬʼֻôС벽·ƿͷţ߿յ㣬һӴŷ˳죬ΧС輸ǰƵļ½Ťͷ
ģҲġ
ΨһܽеóֵǶ˼͡

˼͵ı鿴侪֣Ŀָ룬Ҳ˺üҲͬһ顣ֻмǸ۾΢һ㣬ûٳ

ʱļѰǸصģ
˿ûǼ˵ı飬Ŀбӵɳӵ߰׺̺жϡԼ·ϣųٵָ⡣

⡢ǡ˼֪ʣ㲻һ¡
ǰ˽㻹ֻǼѰھӡ
պǣֳ֣ⲻ½ܽܣ

ǶͻȻתݣԼûϰ߹
Ѱ˻ȥһϹ𡣡
㣬ʲôʱ򡭡
˼Ƥת٣ٿرϣеģ

˼ͣ
⹷ƢĲܹˣҲ̫Ե˰ɡ
۾ʹ˸ɫ۾˹ĵصͷ˿ڲ裬ѹAʣһš
˼ͣ
ٲ١

ľǼѰԼġ
͵˳ڵȴĵ˶˿۾ǵӮɡûƢȤȫ׵һĻˡ
ڿѰСߵŮ֮ǰΪѰеŮС浽󣬾ûĸŮйѧʱܾ˶Ưãҵ־Ǻֵ棬Ĺ÷·˺쳾

˼뵽⣬һˡ
ҲƣתѰԼ
ѰЦȻԼġ

ҲǡҪǰȺѵ淨ܴܲƯȥĵϡ
𿴼Ѱôקһ·᳹ҲˬҲùԭ򡣵׽ˣ̡

˼ͼǵѧǻ˼ʲôǵ˼Ѱ꼾Ѱû˵ֱҵʱضߣܾˡ
ֱǻ˼Ͳ֪ԼëԷ
Ǵ˿ƼˣǳΪʲôԼڳ
٣Ṵ˵Ұ˸١

ҪǴȥƽʱĵطö˫ǵ۾Ȼֱ֪СѰ̸ʲô¾֪϶Ҫ衣
һ߷軹һţŤŤ

˼ͶŵǡF4СȺݣ۾Ƕݡ
¶Ϊźı飺Ȼû̸ĶŮϲ氡Լ԰ǿɣ
Ѱ
ٷǳʵؽͣᰡҾͦ˼ġ
Ҵתת޳ݿģЦûУ٣͵չ

⸽ĽҰ⣬ֻһͨ
ľⱻ޳Ҳֻܿǧسǡ˵ôտĵض泵Ǻ˼ŮҵȤĵطࡣ
ֵܷҪúһֱСܵܵĿ۷ʹ飬ڸúù䡣

ʢȴ
Ȼ˳סָ˳󿴣Щ̫˵µĳ޺Ȼƿ˵˾䣺ȵȡ
ûŪҪʲôأͿȥ칫İǷʲô

˲⣺ͻȻʲôء
ҽҩء꺮ƽֱʡ
ҽҩ䣿Īڵ°Ҫ

Ѱû˵ҵҩžҷ󳶳صɳ̧֣ץ¡
Եˣȴʧᡣ

ԭҲ֪ҪʲôֱϥŵأԼĽ׸һȡָǴһ̧ɷ˵ܵϡ
괹ͷ¶ϴԵøƣˡ

ѣٲ֪ź߸Ьĥˡٴ߸ҲֻΪȹ赸Ա˵ĥƳ롢δĥƣĵط̫ˣûо
СʱҲˣƢԹÿÿ˵̫顣
ڱСţһӦĵģһĲжΣǵһαǻ

ܵź΢üĦΣһö̧ͷʱ˷꣺ûо𡣡
Ҫ˵ĶڳץסĽ׵ֵؿڣݺݵʲô·ǻ
ٵȻ֪ô࣬ùĴҪɰˡΪſģڳµ̬ȣĲ۰

껹˵ʲôǷ˵ĺҹҰǣ񴵼ڡľתȥ֪ʲô飬Ǳ˲
Ҫȥˡûʲôÿġ
еԥΪʲôÿɫĳǰû·ϼ

˵֮һˡ
㿪ʲôҪĸɫ
ͨСеȤܸ𣿡
ܰϲһԸĸʿȻĸĥɰɫرٲȻһȥתתʲôɫ͸ʲô

ͷһ漴´οҪһɫѹе㲻˼ᡣ
֪ܵܶϲʲôҪһЩȥǡ
Ѱƴףһ黹ҡ
˵ˣġ
ˡĳߡ

٣ÿϧֻԼȥϲʲôɫˡ
ѽŸЬפ㣺治ȥ
ȥ

ô˳ƴ׳Եôɰ
٣ȥˣ
ѰŶ

˴£Ѽֲ֣ϲұ֣ﶼԼͬ룺ɣͣСܹ㣬Ŀȥ

ס
˼̲סʣ㣬ŮѰ
ٲźۼһۣɹĳСѶ䶯һ¡βպ԰





50.  ˡ   ֮һ


, קĳ˻ͬһι˳
˳˸װһ̨г¼ǡɲ´ʲô£ýǰܺ󡣽źĥˣǿ

˵ʵ, ո׵ʱ, ЩԳ
鴿飬ûû, ͵ġﶼѾһˡ촩ȹ, ȹûϥǡסһʱһۿϥ಻, պԿء

ٳ, ӴȹӶ޷ڸǺÿ͡
Си仡ȣûһ˿׸⡣ץסʱʶȹ, ǺܵΪ, ȴѪڡ
˶, ԭصϥ˶á
ǲԸȥι, ΪһЩԼɳܵķӦ

ûκ˷֡

ǹ˺, Ѱһ˳
װж֪ġ
Ҫȥ, ԤĽźҪĥһΡȫǰ棬Ųϴү乫԰

˼ͺüι˵ײ, ̲סˣʲôëcosplayţ죿
ޱŤͷ

Զ, ҸװӵڸٽǰԶĲ˵, ĳȫҲڶôõġʲôɫʲôɫÿ, Ư㣬Ǿǽ, ޽С
ҴʼѰϲʲôɫ˼һ
𰡽㣬ϲʲôԼǾС϶ڵġ˾ûȻˣŮѵΨһһߡ

֮⣬Ѱľҽŷ˷
ǿ϶ûҿɰ˼˵㲻˵ɣֵܵĴҲԣ
ĳЦһŶԲ𣬴ӸղѾֵˡ
˼ͣ

һ˼ͻȻʣʲôʱһġ
ղš
Ŷաղţ

˼˺һȼһ̣˵Ҫʱ򣬻ûһʱʲô˼ôͻȻˣ˵˵
ѰһۣƮƮƾʲô㡣

£Ϊһ˵ڣ
ǣ档
Ѱ뿿ǽϣƫͷסѾĶڶ˼̽Ŀ̲סһ䣺衣

ɰ˺ˡ
÷ʲô£Ż߳ŭ

˼˿̣У㲻˵⳵Ǹ鱦أҲϲĹ˵ͳˡ
ô˺Ҵ
˵أ˭˵׼˼˰ͷϾڵ˧

˵ʲôԶغһǸҪġܱ̣ܲ߳Ͻˡ
˼һתѰҲ˵ͦġ
Ѱͷţһ

˰סһٵ뷨һȥϴּšͷһɷ˵
Īôˣȥġ
ȥġѰϻƪǲеĺܣ
ãٿ٣ȷ
ãȥװг¼ǡ

ˣһȥϴּ䣬һָȥװ¼ǣʣ۾ͲһԼڸװ俴ȥˡ
»˶ɢٻգۣôˣ˶ߡ

̫ˡѰһ롣
٣ţ
ӱ˿˽ңҶʱ䡣ҧ

ǵһκ̸ܵ
Ҳǵһ֪ܵܵĴ׾ôΣ⣬ŨֱšΪദˣֱ˵˶ߡ±˲֪ڳԴƵġϲᶼҪѸ¡

Эðȴ򵥵Ŀʼ˽⡣ϲʲôɫ

Ϊǰɫɬ¡Ѱﰵһ漴͵ץ˰Ѻ󾱣С
𣿡ʣո˵ĺʿʲôɫڽ֮ǰҶЩһϲͨ

ҪԼĳͷˡ
Ѱһװ°ͣĳɺʿĳǣȥ

СŴȥֻʮ·
ղǼ䣬ͣ⡣װõĳͣ⣬ųȡٸһ·ߵĳһȫͬҹR8չǰ̼أӳ챣ٵֳ꣬īһĺڡչƴڳϣǶ˽ʸС·ػߣ͵ҳĬ

ÿ𡣡ʡ
ٵͷÿ

εͷһ⣬ǰƻΪʿѹ⽣͸⡣һ£ôгԿף
ţҪҪ档ƽ˾ؼһ䣬ҵġ

վǰ׵ö췢ˡ
Ǻ͸첲ֳƯɫļ²ѡѰͻȻ̽ãͷЩꡣ
ûʲôʵѹס˾κˡ

ٶȤ㹻Ѿͳˡ

Ѱ˿һƮʱҪ
Ů˵ϥڼʻϣ̽һȤŨӡֻǴʱѪյĳĪȹ»ԲµβԸ°ߡ֮ǰչ˫ƯСȡ
˿̵ӾһͻȻı꣬ݻԼǿ
ΪԼ챻ˣȫÿڷ籩ɥʧԡȫҪãһ̶ԸԼͣ

ǣĸ˹ȥ
־ͷŰϣߴӰӺ

ÿ𡣡ơ
еĶ˰һͷ۵ױչյ÷·ǹ˸ɫĵúյڵĽҲر𡭡
ԽԽͣƺǲ˲Ծ
ִ˵૵ζÿ

𡣡˵ƵķߣĿϣҾã֮һ





51.     Ư㡣


֮, صǼ칫ҡ
֧ļ½ŤͷŮˮٵ˫˼ʱϻһ㵭Ķɳɫ, ɳɫ, һˮɫ޺죬ҧ, ǳһ, ĵ÷ס
˼һ۸ĳˣİ, 

̹Ȼɳ, һһִź, һֲٵָϳʲô
ǰɳ˵㡣
ɲǸ¡
˼Ǻǵ, Լӵʲô
Ŷ, ǲ, ɡ, ͻȻͷ, ʲô

֮ǰȥϴּ䣬¿ںһˣȴ֪ôšСƢǵʱҲСƵ, дҧĴױж˲˵, ǳǳӡǡ
ƲסҧĵطЩ, ûͿں졣
ʪСزһ촽, 򡣾Ůˮйɱķ顣ԼţֻʣǱ֡ⲻ֪, ǱȴƯǶ޷ֿѨ
ϴֱּĳֻСѹǽϷҧһ顣

Ǽķɿ죬вزסɬ޷ܡ
ѹģѹֵ-Ŀϡ

ΪڴɫĲȻûô˵ɳһֻٻü׵顣
ֻţ˵ߴ󵨵ġ
²ֻǼ׵ˣ˶˵硣

䣬˶Ŀת˹ڵ˵ʲô
ٸܵ˷Ŀ⣬ȴû̧ͷװֻСŲȻĴɫ򵥻һ䣺Ҷԣ
ǵСϺˮ֡˼͵𡣡
ţûɿڡ

ȷʵ̫˵ġ
˿ڿ԰ĵؼװֻ

˻ȦٻصϣղԼѾһѵ޺ͻظƬǳһǣ˵һ˽װţ˺šһЩ֮Ļظ޷Ǿ
ŮҪװ
Ǯ˵
ѽ´лҲȥι۲ι
֮ࡣ

ˢһͻȻظľ⡣
Ǻڵ꣡ǧҸİϴҵĳһСһݣ;Ҵߺü˼Ҷ˵̫Ŷأʱ䳤Ҳ˼۸ŵȥʣ˼˵ǸһСʱ֮ھܸ㶨ؼ˻ұ˺ܶ࣡ҾǺڵ꣬Զֹװ㣡ǧƭˣ

ľ˵ʹַô̾š
ټ֮ϴĳˣ˵ǼѰģ֡ˡԵñˡ

ôأȻҧŶ޷޵㲻˵ԭͱ˵һ
Сһ޹㿴һذ𡣡
ˡ

һζĺ֮⣬ͼ¹ܡ
룬װˣ㻹͵ֻôôԵ
ҡһ£ΣɰͰ͵˵ҲСĿġ

ٺߺߣ²Ϊ
ѰŶ

ԭҲеͨ
ٶڵ𣺡ô죬Ҫôľ⡣һ˵㻵𣿡
Ҳֱػӣһƫٶϣû

˵ʱôӡ
ѹֽ㲻ϲãôСۡ

Ϊ֤ףѰ̧±ɳϴô¡
ǰŲһ룬ϵϵл硣
Ǽ͵͵ԹɫҲıˣһ޼ıСӵģ
ϻ

˵һ³ĻˣȻ֣
ѰûǮ
ôܣСӵĳǴڣĻ䰡ҸͬͺŵĻŻġ۸ǲǣԼʲôʲôûһǮҾ͡һӣʳ

ԣܾ
Ѱһޱޣתͷ㣬˰ɡ
ͲޱˣŨڵĽëգһ£ɫڸǵܲ͸硣ʣµľ̹Ȼ壬ͱԩһԲί

ί¶̫û˼ˣֻ¶һ㣬ǡôġ
۾￴ѵõί㻹á
ٶԼ½ѵ̫ˣίʲôӴ˾糯ôҰĵܵܲһ£⽻֤Ͻˡ
ԭһ¶Էָĵľ⡣

æġ
ôһ˵Ѱ˲ˬòˡüңȫ֪ԼѾ̲ģ
ǲҪˣ½Ϊѡ

⼸仰˵ĺᣬҪȻԱȺ֮

һֱȵ硣
˳ȥΪ˸ŲһζݵĶ硣
˸ճȥͿеزûˡ
ٱ÷ë̻Ȼ԰ûˣҪ

͵˶˵ģϵҪҧ
ˣٲŵۣæܣôСһ춼ٴˡ
̲ס갴סִԼͷૣ㣬Ư

Լûֵܵס
һЭ
Ŀռֻʣϸ΢ˮڶ޷ŴôԶˡ

ֱŲŷſ
뻰ϣ𡣡
ٱ˱ۣ˵
㣬㡣
٣졣

ĳҲжһ·Ⱦǣ˽ģ񶥷±ץС˵
ͬʱԭλˣֻŵֻϷš

ҷ㰡˼Ѱȵǡ
ȡĮܾ
Ȱǲסһһܿˡ
סһ仰еֵֹģϸȴë

˾аȥҿ
˼ҽˬ졣Ĵָޡ

ĸζϺһ
Ϊ˱ϳԵĺ٣СϺεĶֻͨҳһûԼͣˣ˷׷ײĿ

ˣÿһҪϳơ¶źı飬ᶪġ
ʲôİʡ
ġ
˵ءĶŮƯʣֱˣ㣬ûеˣ͡ʮ֮һҾ͵ոˡ

Сһһ
ٿҪˣҵĴ׸쬷ԣܱܲ죬Զ²졣
ԼʲôĪ

ѰЦһ˵
˲֪ĺܡ⼸컬£סշҹҲҪ
һ࣬¶̬

ˣҲŵ㡣˼ͱ߳ԱŵҪʼ㡯ֶеġ
˫ֱȭʾ⣺ţƣ񡣡

ѵãҪ٩Ѱģ绰ˡ
Ѱժ׽绰һš
Ըʮ˹ڣڸأ
ѰԷ

ԷðԷʱ˵Ը֪ͨ˵µǸҹԤƬˣBGMõдɣǽһֺ𺳰ѶⲿƬӣҾ˵ԤƬ˵Ƭһ˭˵۽ɲž
£ѰȤûĹˡ
ȵȵȵȣȻֹ͸ոշԤ֮컪ֲȶ˳³˵Ҫǹ˾ר¡ȶdouble㶼ˡ

ѰŶУ
Ը磺ûķӦˣ
ѰûУˡ

ȻҶϡ
ո-ɫ侲쳣ѹһˡٷûڳԣҲûףֻ̹¡
Ը˵һĻgeneкܶҵڵ·С
Ϊ컪ּ³һӲ¶˾Ȼѹǡ֯ķڣȴ̻
աơơϺ²

ˢ˻΢һ̧ͷŷּѰڹ۲
ʶôˣˣ
ûС
ٲ⣬˫͸ãһֱҡ

ĬãŶ˶¶̫ˬı飺㲻ϲҡ
˶ˣ
һ㷴ӦûС
ٴΣ
ֲڷݺһѣ㲻Դס

ͻȻе㶮ˡ
һ֪ԼڿѣȻ磬ܿһشһ׵ۡȫ̿꣬ƽϵëûһ¡
һֱϸĹ۲ãûԴס
Դ׸ӵ˼άʽ룬ûԴ׾ʹϲ

ˡ
һ룬ǳϵغһ£Һôװ
ƢЦ˳ǣü١

ĴףҷӦȽŸո±ٴյߣѧĳǶ̫ϲˡ˸ĲŻô죬һ˵ġ
Ѱ
ٲٲ١





52.     ȫ


Ϻֻ֮һ, پͱˡ
Ǽ¡
ʱɫѻ谵ĺɫֶտͣƺϣѾȫͷԷȹ˲, ѹڳϷǡһôǼ, ôɬҲǳ̰ÿһں

ûָĴ챻ҧʹˡ
˽ôɫ, ˫ʱ, ùˡʿ, ȴȡ
һ, ·ˮǹ𡣡
Ҳһ-ǲǹˡ

ײˡֺֺЦ, Ǵ, ĵرԹҪ֪͵̸ܵôѾ, һٿǿǡ
ˡѰվֱ, ض˹
վԭذرһ, ͻȻڣҾǲŵһ졭еûס´βˡ

, üȴһ¡
һεһǸʲôʱƿˣ

˵ǽء
˱ʦѵСѧ

˽λϳ, Ųźɲ, ¸߸Ь˳󡣳ڿŵ, Ž, ¶ȹƤ·ڷ⡣
ѰҲֻۣûص¡
ֳŶͷ, ƺ󣺡㣬дݰɡ
áٵΣ˰֣ͦϰôġ

س·ϣٿú˳
ͬڸʻϵĳر˳

ѳͣؿ⣬ƳڿֻӨ׹߷ϣ´һ㵭ɫӰ֪Ļʾʲôݣüţһֱߡִ˴ǣʲôأôˡ
ֻûʲô

ЦЦڵŸ̸Ͳ˰
ڿ㡣
ңӴչȥʲô

ʱ䣬ľӹתˡҹԤƬľƵת˹ҵ΢һͼģ[]иָ㡿
ǲźڰɫıӰͼ
ƬŮˣһ޳һȳϸ޳ǸϸǸֻǾվһԣȴ˸оʼšٳ裬ⱳӰԳ赸ҵʣֱֳ
һűӰͼ㹻ˡ

΢Ѿۡ
ľľƬ̫ˣƯ  
žˣСƱƣʦžȻҲҲͦģֻ˵ϷľľգľľͲһˣء
ɣȥԱ緢ͼȻҪöأôãӰܿŮк~ҺĽСľ̫߰Ưˣ޲ÿһ[ˮ]
ľľ˵иָ㣿Ǹˣ
ǰҲһ˭ָ΢ǲ˵Ǹʦżǵö෢ƬŶ

ɨۣûʲôֵô׸Ӳ˵ĵط
׸Լ˵ˣľǻŵ۵ޡ
Ȼأʡ
׸ӵŵĹٲɬˡ

ѵġ
Źٲٴα˸׳죬ڰǳƵһ֡һ֡ŴԱȣҵľƬԭ͡
ŵ[պ]ԭûĻ֪ʲôݴ˵T.T
Ҫ𡣡
㣡

٣
ùԼֻȻǰľϢ
ľӣźգӰ¶аɣ[ͼƬ]
ʮӺ
ľӣԲҴˡ

ⲿռİ治࣬˻Ǹעͼ
һľӹҷģһ繤ҷģ˸battle˼ˡٿọ̈̄ʵûʲôνͻڽϲ콵һСѣǾԴ׵֡
»ô죬͵һԼĺ˱¡

ľӸ˵ˡС˵Ҹڿû
֪ء
ٵͷƽʱ̫ע磬ЩҶûӰ졣ŵĻҽľɾˡ

ڸϣ˫ֳ΢΢͵͵˵ҪָҹɫЩãЩȻ
Լ룬ЩƵ޶˰Ѷ̷
ͷԭȳ˲٣ָһɫ
СĿռ䣬šͻȻ˵ǲ̫鷳ˡ

ٲ֪ӺεóĽۣЩȻ
˵ǰǲ֪Ϊʲôһ¾ͳԼĿơû취侲ϲˣƢϲȡ֡һһ죬ͻ۰ɡ
֪ԣһĵġ
ǾáͻȻи˿ճһӲ֡ܲܶһ£ͽ졣ҾͺˣԴףҲ

ûôá
ϸе˼ǱǾ䡪ͻȻи˿ճץסߡССѹ²Ϸ⣬һۡᰲûϵԸƢ

ԼúܷȻű𣺡ܲ˵ʱ򡣡
ЦЦʲôʱˣʶʱǷƢҶû㡣

ʱܻô̧ͷ۵һ˿㯡
ţٻ˺һ˵ַ㡣
Ѱҡ
٣ںܿɰ~
˶٣䣺ɰ

οûȫġ
ĬƬ̣֣µر֤ԺҷƢˡ
ǾԼѻ˵̫Ҫ˵꣬Լ˸޶㡣

̲ס治Ҳûϵ
ᣬĵغ˵㡣

***

󣬼Ѱûʱػճ˾
ϺϵĶʺǿ϶еģƽʱȥϰû棬Ҳ˵ʲôʱûˣС˹Ƶܵ1602ſȥš
ǹ˺ü֪ҹԤƬ죬geneҵĹٲߣϾҵҵظʡ
ظ̫קˣûͱʶgeneˡ

ѣgeneûӹôΪʲôͻȻҪһר
Geneң⡣
ѣ½ȥֳڴŶ~
Geneңȥ
ѣʦƬиѵĽȦڵģ˵ʦررر˧
GeneңҲ

Ҫ֪geneǰĻġ
ллҶgene֧أԺСGҲúŬ[ͼ][]

1ɹҵƤ½
2Ļɺܺ

ϣƾgeneԻΪѵעˡֻʣ˻ŵա
һ¾֪ĳ˵СϷ
ٷǳûҴڡ

֮쵼ڳҪˡиҪҪ
øҪܿ˵ĲֹһˡźͷֹŲ˭Ҫõᣬòμӡ
֣ʦʹ̣ڷֹţο

˵ԽѹԽ
ͬõƵĹ磬ÿѵСﶼˣֽˡ
ŵ̬ˣ»
پܹĳ󣬱ͬԵֹˮ

ټľ糡һ˿ӡ
Ϊţ̨ÿ˶һĬĬ̬
ǰϳСһٽ㣬ôһ㶼ţͣˡ
ҲŰٰοûֳѡ

ô죬ҪתעɡС˵
پ˻ֻ֡

ʱϳʮӣѾü鶯ˡֻǸڣ뿴ûдʲôĵϢ
͵̸ܵĺôǣ㼸ȫԤŨҵĵطŨң޲ðȫĶϡǺؿ˼ѰϢ
G
ûٴ֡
G

ʮ룬϶⣬ǿϹ
Цü߶ʼ˵ûϳأٵȼӡ
Gˣҡ
٣~
G

һ䣬ٿظܵͻȻ
Ϊûн㣬Ҳûƺ㡱ιĽĴ
G١
٣췴
GûҾ˵һܹ
GΪȫ





53.     ˶ʮĴ


еܵܵĹӳ, پοر˳
̨ʱֻһſٶڹƣֻʣѪҺܾûһˡȫҡ

, ǰľԽԽģ, ڽԶȥƲԹȡ֮ǽ˴ĳ
뿪, Ӳʩȥ֣ʦ
һ, ǰʦ
ݻѡ˷סȥĺ؝
ͻȻ, ֹֿɿɰĳƢ

Ѿ̫ˡ

һ, ȻΧͶĽ
ٽ㣬̫ˡոյĿȶ˽½̽𣿡
٣ð
ʦ̫, ҶĽˡ
٣лл

ӽ㣡ϲţӯӯ
˸Ķô, һء
ôһӯӯ˵, Ҫû, Ƕˣ
ٸЦһȥ, öչҡ
ǿ϶, ˭˭

һ쵼½½ȳ˸ٹϵã̲סǰͶϢ׼׼, Ҫˡ
𡣡ЦҲûС
ôǫ飿Ц, , ȷʵнʱ

ʱȥɬ, ĥ̬ȴ˿û¡
һų̂赸Ա˵ʵܿɹ
ʦ·ʱҲ̲סһۡ˵, Ȼǰ࣬ȴûֵôࡣ
֪ʦǶԼڴ

һߣӯӯҧ䣺ղŵˡ
٣ţп
˵ѽ

ӯӯûһζԻľʦһĻֵߵߵ󣺡ʱ۽CC
ӯӯֱڿ죬ٱ˺һУ֮ǰȿСƤʲôġ
ӯӯҡͷԵض㣺ǽѽ¿

ûʧƾʵٻžͳ˰϶¡
ôˣΪ˵ȴû˶룬һǿʵľߣԼһϣ
£׼ָ˶Цӭ
ֻʱ˿̣ݵһϲҲӦõġ

ٷ˸Ȧ֣ϲ¡
ͻȻըһˣǲҪ飿
؝绰ͷʣôϲ£
ʲô˵ŵءٶ㵽ȥӵ绰
؝ʧŶһһΪԶҪˡ

Զ֣ٻ˼룬ͻȻʶƺû؝˵ͷֿʵڲûãӳʢģҡһѾˡɣպúԶôһϵ
ô؝㱨Ļ؝ŻֱӴ绰

᣺裬ԺܱܲԶˡ
Ϊʲôôˣ؝
͡ˡ̾˿ĥĥȥԸǲʡԾͷֿˡ

؝֮ôˣôôʣԶƢ֪ģĥϲҪ˭ĥϣˣԣ롣轨ؿǣûˡ˭ԭصȵġ
塢硢򶼹ˡ
ͻزȥˡ

ٱ쵶նߺ؝Զˡϸع̣Զʵ޹ġҲ£ݵشгԼŷԭʺϲ¡
ѭ浸عˣһȥһһ
ٿôʵأһ㣬ȥץץסĶ

؝ڼȰ˵Ҫ벻ͨûϵһʱȻ侲ϵǳܲŷֵİɣû˭ܣҺ֮ǰҲΪһЩëƤֹ顣غԭⳳٺáôȻȻٺú롣

٣裬ˣҲһ˵ľԶҲӦֿġ
؝ʱԶͨ绰
ˣֱҷ˰̫Ѩ»ˣ

Ĭӡ
؝ǱͻȻҶϡݵƽţ
ĩؼң̸̸

վӲһ١
ٿĻǼָͷۡŮĵ»ôͷ؝Ҫվһߡ
ˣҲܼѵ⡣

ںԶ£ٲκ˵
ǷֵƯ

ûĩͽӵһ硣
Զûʱ䣬СſڵĿȵһ档ʱմŻ߹䳬б߶ʺСʲôӵ绰ְ涪ƳҴҽˡ
вйȥʮס
ŴӵȵʱԶȵˡ
ǱʽǰĿζ

ٰϴŵһߣ£ˣ
Զǡ

Զ˼׳£ȵȻһ˿Ȼ򶨵˿ڿȲ˵ǲˡ˵⡣
ôģʡ
ʲôû˵ʹ㡣ԶһۣüȻ繣Ҳ֪ô㡣˵ͳһ˵ǣȥͰ̸

ٴ뵽؝׺Զ˵ʲô
󲻹ǡŮƢʵʾúܣʲôһʱȡԽ˵ԽǸ侲һû¡֮ࡣ

ٱһֵֺֺЦ
˿Ǿãǵ¼ȻˣûҪôѿʵļˣҾ˵ҵ⡣
Զü٣ûҪЩ

ֻǾô졣ŮͽˡɡٵֻҪҧûиϵ뷨С
˳עȻУô졣

һ𣬲ֻЩĻ䡣
ҲùȥͬƲ͸վڹĬòűĳˮ
֪ʲôʱʼԶҲֱֱȥˡ̻λҲ֮ղһжóǰ
ˣÿ˶йδ

ԶѾ
ʹ˵ֻҪ㵽ֹ֪ö

ǡԶͷ˿ڿȣɫƣһˣ
ָ˭Զ
ټصͷȻϹҲû뵽ô졣
šҲЦЦֻЦЩѿ٣һֻǾ仰Ǳû˳ףҸĸ˵ꡣ

һȵĹҪߡ
ʱԶʧǵ˵һ䣺ϻȥ𡣡
˵Ŀⴹڴϣ֪ʲô

ЦЦûش
Щû˼ˣǰҲΪԶѧţšģҲǣ˭ƽ

Զû֪μĻҲ͵ġ؝˵ĻԶôһˡǵ
նСſڣٽ¡
ٵԸ񣬲ܾô档
Ǵ˿̣ԶˣĻһˡ˵˴ٶһ档

پڿȵſͬԶ˱
תСΪ̫˵ؿͨ¥ǰһۣ1601ĳúõͣڳλϡǵʮ㣬ȴûѰһſڵ

ϴ1601š
ãһѰվڡӦøˮûüɣˮӾӨ͸ϹţҲʪһȦ
·ؼҲŻģ°ڻû룬һ߾ࡣ
һ۾ͿصûƫƫûϵɿڿϡдȴλεǷǡ

ˣĨ˰ѿҪ׹ˮ飬ˮƵķ
ŰߴӸ첻˵ˡ

ı鲻Ծ
ٷ·𿴵˸ʶǻСƢġѾܺõƿ΢飬һüʹܲµʲô⡣
⸱ǿӲ˵
ٰӺòˬҪ̡̡

װԾʣȥǣ
˵
ǻһڣζƵġ
Լһ£ҪȡƳȥԭҪץǵĳȴƺûʶֻüץͷС

ºء

ŶһԹ̨ǰĸ߽ŵϣʼװС
ֻĳ˲䣬µʵҲոջ𣿡
Ѱš
٣ӴŻģ
Ѱǡ

ٺȻĶ˹ָ
Լһ˱ˣƢĳŲƤһƣ
źһŵʼӣپͳϰվû˹ͷֱӲȥһ͵͵ʲô
ûС


ţ򢣺˵˽˵˵ΪʲôˣҰ
ѰºᡣԼ˹ƻЩɬҿˡԶſڿȵꡣ

Ϊˣʡ
Ůͷϡϸ˵ʱ֮ĻжϢ֪Ĩʲôôôţ˶һǿϸΪ֮ڵζ
ƵÿҪˣжڿ̫Ѩ

˵òҷƢż졣
ѰԼдˣΪܿƵסСſڵңÿһڵϣÿһ붼᲻ҪͬԶϡϾһ࣬Լܡ
ʮ룬˶ʮĴΡ

һˮòײѹ²
αװڼһ˲䣬ѵһȫˡ
ˡԱƵ̹Ȼϣֲʵؼ֣һ㡣

飬ٴڽš
βƫУ촽ϡ
죬ȴװ򶨵Ҿ֪ⲻǸˡ





54.  Ħ   ϵζһˡ


ԽԽץѰˡ
һ, ָܣ·ֻҪҪ֮֮Ϊ䶯, ֲס, ̲סץסTָƵĻƤǵ˾һҲ˳ưԼ-ͷ˹, Ұ, йӵصơ

̫ˡ
õһԳƶ·Ͽй顣ں˷, ʸ, ǿ

ʲô롣
ȫͿԼ-ǿûڵء, , һǰѼѹһ, ǰһ羰, Ҳһ羰

׹ˡƿ»
ǽżŵ, ȡβ, Ҫˡ
Ѱץ˰ڣĻ̡
˵͵Ÿ߽ŵ, š

ڲ˵ɺͼǰѾԯޡ
׵ѷʱƿ֡

Ů̹Ȼ̨߻ת, ǻ촩ѩȹһǸ߿, һ߶, ƤǰһΡȹԵ˫ȳֱֱ
Ѱ˺һǹȾǡ
Ƣ, 㲻ٺ𡣡
ˣٲ𲻿ϰװͷҧһڣźոյıƭˡ

ͷˣǱȥ̽ĺ󱳡
úĵһỽ㣬һ֡
ٲסܻճ

Ҫģ̨ٱͨ˸Ͷ룬Ҳ˳˳ˣ𽥻
ͬЦ
ƭҶ㼸𣿡ü䣬ÿɰ
˭ɰˡĳȻԡɰݴʲΣƲۣҪҪȥ·

٣·
ѰǸȹӣͱ˻ô
٣ǡ
Ѱţϴ

Ҫȳ⽴پ˵úеһȥһ¡
鲻鷳ɫò̫Ȼֲûҵġڽʲô

֪ʲô񱣬ڵҾܻԼ·ҪġͻȻԼ¹ﻹһ·û黹
ǿӲĿⶢţһأûپܵڶأԹȥһ׼T˶㡣ϴЧһѺŵĳߴƮƮҡҡ糪Ϸȷʵȹʶˣ޲ʣϴҺǳ㡣

°û˴ȡ
°ڼϵ˸ᣬٰѿ˼ȦȻصĿƮתһȦŵ˻ȥ
ݵһС£ٲ׽ĳ˺غߺһ


ƢƢôô졣

ԭ̫⣬ֱ·ߣٲٿʶһ¡
ϵζһģǳǳζ
ʱһˣѷСܡԭҪζȨ׸ǵ㲻Ϊ֪С˼Ȼҡ

õƣص̨߷˻ϴ˵Զû£͸Ҷ¿ڹô轻
ŶѰ˵Ҳû֪

ɡ
ͲúīˮдˣӲ
˰죬ûסǣȷʵû֪Ҳǻ͸ҿɫҧĶۣұС

ĳ˱𴩣ε±Ǽ⣺أ֪𡣡
֪ʲô֪ʡ
֪ҵˡ

ô˵רķȥ
ҪʵӦĺǸС

һͻȻһ
ôˣѰʡ
ãѽˡ

ȥ򡣡Ѱվɫȱʲô
ٶϴһٷңʼ磺ûˣͷѽ
С

ԸոǸǱѽرܿ
Ѱ֪ԭĻشʲôŶ壬ٻû˵֮Ĺϵ

֪ʱӿǹʲôֻʶˬˬҪ¥ǰתʿʼ롣
֮£ֻǼһԶʧǵѽˡһȣķڵݺݼ

ѰͻȻ˵
ڰȱĦ
Ťͷǿʲô

ոջǶɢһ룬ѹû˼
˼һЩ˵Ҫ˳Ħ𡣡
СٺؽͣҾ˵ϲȵĦǽԶҵǱʽ

˵Ļί񣬱ɽǵ·תϸܱ⡣
ôɽƵĻȴüѰԭδ֮ٿػȻ

ȥǹȥ
ڣġ

ղŵĲʸ˲չ㡣ؿڹĹҵĶյ
֪ô֪ôץߴ硣
ѰȻʶӲ˵ػҲ󣬿ѱˣָɽôﶼСϷĬĬ꣬ëƽ˳عȥˡ

õʱ鲻õʱ򡭡
й鲻õʱ
ôΣ䷳ˮһԶݡ
ϲϽҲȫ޵ɡ

šȥˡ
ŲɵͻȻͲסߣݺ˱һڡ
㣬ڼҵҡ

һűײúܴ
ԼǣЦʲôƢ

***

ĩؽ֮ǰѰš
űߣүʮ㡣
Լأ
԰Ѿ·Ϊú؝⴩øŮԺһ죬¶͸ᡣЬ˵Ҫ֪˦ԶǺܵһ𣬿϶Ҫһ١

ѰۿҸһȥ
𡣡ٴһֻǰ˼ȥһֻȻȥ̽̽ڷ磬費׵ʱٴ㡣

ѰĬĬûɵһ̹ЬӣһֻĽһ͡ջָʱָǲɱ䵽˽ڲࡣ
ٴƵĶһ£СԹԼᴩ

ĥĥ̫ˡֱ
٣úúãһҾ͸绰òã
˵Сһ䣺ӡ
˶䶯£ķǣ㡣

˵ĿķǹѾӵ˼¡
һһ߻ſڡ
̧ۣҪʲô
ûͷһߡ

ٺܲĵһ£𣬹·ѡ

٣ǽǳˡ
עۼֿȥŰ֡

һŴ򿪡ٱ˸V֣˰ȡ
һſżȻߡ
ǱߺȻָӰЬڵש졣ۿһͷСŮŰǰһ£裿

؝ٺܿ죺˵ĩⶼˣ˵Ļˣһգ˺䣺ŶСҲڡ
㵽ĳ˻Ӳؾصصͷţ̡

؝֪ԼŮôһ׼˵ǡ
Բȥתͷ꣺Ҳڣи㡣
á

؝⼸оٽ𣿡
Ѱȿһ٣Ŵ𣺡С
؝ʣǼ˭һ
ûɡ

؝Է˵ģѻûϵ׽ؼҵĵز
ǺܿԶģŶٵ΢ʡڣ؝ûɵôףɧҲ֪ҵѣϴ˵ССǼţСп׵𣿰
ΣѰ͵͵˸Ȼȥ
ƫƫ棬Ҹ؝а壺̣СҲûп׵ġ

С֪؝һ˵ĸСС
؝һҵķԶˡ
ԱƴԣζҪȳˣ˭ʡġ飬Լ˺ƣ̣Сҡ





55.  ʻ   һ˵Ұ


؝Ŷһ, ˭
̸̣ҡ
վɣд̹Ȼ

˶ϲ˵˲֪ߵغ, ͬ, ֪мɣ⸱ģ, , ͬһ÷·һͷǡҲ, Ųۡ
ôçײ, ܾͲмѰˡ

ź؝𾪱ΪԻٴԻΪ, ʮ顣ȰҪ̸
؝, ûѰ, ݺݵ٣㣡
ֿνҧгݡ, ޹
, ֲչյܵ, ǵܹܵ-

ǣ؝һʱܲ˺
ֻǰѼѰͨܵܡ
ź؝Ǿ͸˵, ѰǸҪ˹ĵСԼŮ˼Ѷˣܲô
؝ǰƲסһۣԽԽ¡

ٽ˱ѵĴ, û
˿, ȥˮ, ŵѰѵĵظ؝ͣ£ϲġ
ϲʲô؝ʡ

һȲ, ̲ס쳤˶䡣ǴͱֳûԵɡƽˮϸ΢
ϸ΢ˮͷƬ̣Ķá
иرԵɰɣ؝˵

û̸ͻȻ˵
ٵˮֶһ£Ͼǵһٷʵ
⿴ֻͦñֱļļƯ༡г˱ֱûֻǴɰͣ·ٿȴݡ

עĿû̫ãٴοڣҲ֪㲻㡣ˣܡ뿴ü뿴Цϲһֱʻӡ
؝⣺ֻ
ֻ

̫ˡ
؝˺ܶิӵԵɣûôһ㡣
дɻ̲סѣû˭һֱʻģϴȥϺܶɫ㻹֪Ϊ˸㣬ʲôԽԽƽԽԽɫûԶϲӡ
ǾͲȥϲ𡣡ʡ
؝ԡ

Ȼǡ
Щ˸һѡĻᣬǻһա
ǰѡһϢŮˣȻڵجѡٸһΡٴΡǧλᣬȻôѡ

һ˵Ұײǽͷ
Ҳϲĵط
Ըԯޣȴͬһˡ

ٵˮ˿ǰһ
؝ȻվûذɣȥƤ
ʾٷˮҽ

֪؝ҲֽϻƢ˵ܹҪЭǽǰ˷СȮ񼼣ڶź؝̣˵
ô˿ڡ
؝˰һ䣺Ҳ˼֡

裬ýֺð
؝ôýˣ

Լ˵꣬뵽֮ǰ¡geneҵϵʽ˰ҪģҲȥֵġû⵵£ǻֻͨھӣӹȥͨ
؝췭ۣˣƶҴ֡

؝ٵġ
ϣӵԶĵ绰ԶƽؽһֵĹ°汾Ůʲôˣ؝˭
Զ˵꣬؝ֻǰΡ
룬ºǼٵģɳΪԶʱʹȴġֲԶϣ١
Ůǿ˹Ӳҧһû˵

؝̫ʹˣҹ٣οһ¡
ٵſ˽š
֮ʲô˵ǲ֪˵ġõİ취Ǽװ֪顣

һҹû̹ڶ졣
Ȼ֪ͱʱ嵭ˣٻӣ؝ƷǰδеİġԸܼ򵥣ھӼС˵˳
ϣԶʻԶ֡
ˣƤԴͷƵϡý㸺

؝ſ･ɽƵƤĵ˿

***

؝סһŻȥ
ڶµһܣÿһҲæһ졣
ٽҪűǰһСʱţȥ֣ʦʰԼĶ񡣵ʰȥѵңѾӰ

ѵǿȺܴ
һ磬½½롣ȥѵҼסеľһѽеĻ͵͵ӽϰ

ӯӯһԷվһС٣ӽ㣬㿴ĳ𣿡
ûɣ˵ܲż㣬𡣡
ճԻˡӯӯ˰
û˵꣬ʦŵţޱɨһۣѵˣϳơ

ϳƻڱѵʹࡣ
ӯӯ˵ǰհûǰǰкüСﱻ̡پͻ⼸Смϵĳƣ׼رȳɹµĳ̨
ˢˢĿͬʱĽʲһ

꣬Ŀɨˣﶼе춼ڣ˳˵֪ͨ°ҪĿȺ趼С˭ʲôԼȡ

֪ͨݲӱ֮ǰÿ˶˴š
˵ءҲֵһĿǡ񡷡ƽų˼·ٴı˵׳ݾҪŵάҲɴԺ
˭һء
첻CCҲС
һCCٳϡ˵ãЩܱûеĺá

ʦҲ˵ˡ֧衣
ĿƳ٣µĶšҵָ

費ȺЭԣζٿվλϡͨ˭裬ζ˭Cļ
հ꣬¾˲̫ˣģ϶Ѻð
ô죬˼ռȻֻܿ̿¡
ôԿ඼֪ܱܲȵù

ʦɿһԸᡣ
˲䰲һƬ
ʦ¹찲⼸֧裬мֱ֧ӯӯԼһλӯӯĹЭ

ȫ˵꣬ʦڶȥΡղŶҷĿ£˽̽֡
̫˵Ǽһ߲ҪĿմӷֹ٣һҲʵѡ츳Ǳ裬ҲڶϤ֧ˡ
ôһ˵˲һɢĻ˽֡

һӿΣƶϰʵӶꡣһһڼص£ȱòֱͦΣָͷûڳ̬ҲΪѱ
Ųķֵ곤Ĵڡ
Ϊ;뿪꣬ȥֹŵָŵ˼ϰԽһʦټ֮ʮŵʱͰŵʱƵмʱļӸУͳǰһĴڡ

ֱִͦɹ񻰵ĸоȴѾƽˡ
ǰ򿴣Ӱֺ
أѹֱȣչߣɽ˰ɰŹٷ죬ֳһ¡

ȳƣء㣬ϵɽءһģǾ羰Щûε۾ܲסˣ502ˮƵϣһڿҲ÷
͸˺ˮ˿Ŀݰףշ졣

һ¿ӯӯܹסټ򣺡𣬸ղźöڿ㡣
ûôע⡣ʵش

ӯӯЦ϶Ҳûע⵽һ¡
٣ʲô
ǱߡӯӯŬŬ죬и˧ĸ簡ˡ

˳ӯӯָ⣬ľοյǰ沣͸Ӱ
ɫñŰֻ¶ͦıǼ͵ΡϿֶäĿ˧磬˵¶Űˡ

Χﶼˣѹסе
˧˭
˭Ҫڵ˭ȽҪòãȵȵȣߣһ˵ģȥҪֻ룡
˭ȥҪ
ȥ
ȥȥ

˵ĬĬ̾˿ߡ
ųСѾ˵ǰˣˣʵС磬ڵ𣿡
СĿ͸Ⱥֱϡ
ٱɽȼͷյ˽ţȹĵذ嶼Ҫŷˡ

ԱԼĹѾ̲סˣ˧磬˭˭ǶʶϵʽҵҪҵҸ绰ѽ
Сǽϣָڵñܣ͸һ䵭صϢ
ڴĿУ˶Ҫ





56.     ̲ס㡣


ŵĹĸǶƯƽʱô, ѰβܾŮ죬̫ˣ㲻𣬰ء
, ллĮܾ, װ֮⡣
û˼ˣͷļڨڨ߿

߳û, ñ˧ٶȿڣ, ţ𡣡
׷׻ͷ޴, Ŀⶨϡ
ٱ, 飺ð¿ξͳˡôˣ
㡣

뿪ļ˷, 
˲˵, Ҫ͵ˡȤ, Լ߿

ٳʱǵڶ, ֻʣӯӯ
ӯӯʶ, ˸ۿʧϡ

߹, ٲŸܵϢѹ˹ǼԼһȭ࣬Ϊʲôûٿ, Ϊññܸպõͷϡ
ɫñ׼üôôູ
ѵεȻˡһָ, Զ, ˶š
ġ䲻

ٲ, ˽ҲˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ƾ棺ѰעӰ졣
Լķʽ겻, ǺܹԵֱȻ֫ӴȴݵǴҲãҲá
ǰٵ˵쵽ġ

ϵgeneҡ
ҵ¶Ըڴֻɣӵ绰ʱѰϡ绰УԸ˵š񡷼ؼ֡
ͨ绰һѰ̧ۣʲô¡
Ŷĵ绰Ը˵㲻Ǹ˼Ū˸ô˼˵赸ųԺһݾϹȥѡѡĸءûȤ˹٣ռһƱ

Ѱ˵ԣԸŵһ˽ͬһ׮һ׮ҪӦˣ㲻ɱңҸܾ
Ѱۿ
Ը¿ˮôе쬵ġ
ĽǼѰţ׼½顣

ЦòУȻԸأ
ˡ
аɣȴȥʦٽ鴦ʦӦǱ߸ĵ绰˵ϽӣҺ߻һͿΣ㲻ȫ̡
Ѱͷ⣺á

ʦӦþŰ칫ңܽ
ٱߴǱߣ߿ЦˣԺÿο˶֪ͨ㣬鷳鷳Ҷܲˡ
ܿ㲻ͺˡ

ˡ˵Ҹջţ˼ûٰҵСҪ֪һƱҲʸ֮ˣ
Ѱƫƫ˼ü۸㣿
ñѹüͣѱһߣ˱꽵ǰס

£ϽͣûСֻ˵ڲ̬Ȧұȱ˶һҪܶһѹ
ѰĬƬ̣ѵΪĳЭ
ҿԾܾûҵƱͲöеһˡ

ֻҪصſʼһȥ޷ջء
ЦЦֻʣԸգԼҪģ԰ɣ
ǡü䡣

ɡٳ±ӣ¶ЩʻƤֻһҪͶƱʱҪƽòãͲܸҡ֪𣿡
㲻˵ѹ𡣡Ѱʡ
һźͻæͣ½ŲʪģҲ㰡͵͵͵棬òã

һĻըˡ
סҪزסĵ⣬˼ѵֹ˽ֵ𡣡
ٹ˼˵ǣȴЦؿȻˡ

޴ʿҪȴͻȻϣжõ칫ң
ˣûʣôˣ
ñ´вٲҿܻ̲ס㡣

̲ס

̲סʲôǼġ
˫־˸ͶƣŲɿش˹ȥ
Ȱ˽ʦŽٺͷƵĴߣ˸񣺱ˣȥϿΡ

ٸջصңΧ
ٽ㣬ղ˭

ղͼѰͨʲô˵ʲô˵˽´˹ʶ
ûڣֱӴ񡷵ıʦ
⣬ѰͬĹϵֻĺ顣

ôһ˵ĳܳߴߴ˷ܡ
Ǹgene𣿽Ǹ
϶ǰţԭʹһ˧
˧вŻʲôɰ
ʦʦʲôģ

˻
ٵӦ쵼񡷵ģʱ˵˵ϻ

ϢһԳƵը˹
OO@@þöûٰһƯд˷ܡ

ٳ°תȦʣһ룬ӯӯ͵͵ͬҧ䡣
ӯӯ϶ǵıʦɣҿÿˣǸ翴ˡ˻

ˮָɳĻȣǿװ򶨣ͨ𡣡
Ĳ˵о顣ӯӯ͸Ҹ統һһģ̻
٣
ӯӯļ磺ģӽ㣬չռ塣ǸҸʺ㡣

ӯӯĺﵽͿʦȻֹ
úſΣͻȻݹһСֽٿ۷ǰġչֽдһзС֣
㣬ûgeneʦϵʽѽԷ~

ûذ
ָת÷ɿ죬žһϡ
ٰ±ññʼһûһ´ֽ档աŴֽźɫС㡣

ӯӯýҲֽɹ
ּ῿һսǸʲô󲡣˧˰ɡ

ӯӯ֮ôΪǰٻڷֹʱֵٻľսκ˵ʲôһCλͱˡһҲˣ찲ź񣬴ͷһתۣ˼װͬ˵ҪԷ
ӯӯôӽ㣬ⲻúȨ
ٳסˣһдУӦgeneͬ⣬㡣

һ֣β
ӯӯ̲סֶһ䣺бԼȥʰ
źֽǳ˷ܣ׼ͷá

һžડ
ֽŲƫоǰǸɫĺϡ

սһŤͷÿӯӯڳ¹ϿΣŭԡһֱﵽ¿Σսմ̨Ͼһŭȣսӯӯ٣˰칫ң
̨ʦۼȴǵ¿һء

ٴСǺѧƱ˼Сĵ䷶
ŵһᵽϿα˳ȥ칫ٽһ˼ľ˵ͷһʲôоǱﲻסЦ
ʦĿעӱǼ⣺Ŷá

칫ҵĿյ죬Ȼˡ
һžסˡ
ʦڣͬʱҲζżѰҲڡƺƵôһȺ˽ʦⲻһ䣺ôǣ
ôŮʦϿζҿСأ⼸

СʵҪ̫ȥˡ
סʦһգôһ½Ժǰ϶ûˡ

죬Ѱ̲סЦ
Ů˴Ӳ߿ϸϵⶼ˸óĵطվ˱ֱԹɣƽ˼ִס
ȻĶﶼʵʵCλ
˿ĳCλ޲ðԼ䣬

ʦǼֽ֣ء
ǿ飬ǣսŲ鲻Ըؽ˳ȥ
ʦƤңϣԼдʲôԼ

ֱʮ̻ҡ
սʱȻҲ칫ﻹ˭ˣɫһףһһģ㣬ûgeneʦϵʽԷ
ƫƫµʦѹ֪gene˴ʱڰ칫š
תʣˣء

Ⱳûôι
죬ԹԾ˵дģͻȻһ˵
ʹñҲסҪĿЦ⣬ɢɢصЦ˵Ҳ֪ûҵĵ绰롣





57.     ףŮʿػš


˿ģս˵Ļ, ٶǹȻڴ֮ͥµϷ
칫ҵ˵ʱ͸

սΪѰģߡ
ӯӯһ˫, ۵͸żӴִ֡ţơ
ҪһЩ, һࡣβɹǣ޵, û˵Ľһ, ᡣ

ڱԵˣŭĿ򣺡ϿξЩ
Բ, ʦ
ϴ̬, ðѹӯӯ
ӯӯյţҲǸʦ, Ҳˡ

սԱ, ҪſڵǸ, ˵ҿ, ⲻԺϿרĵ, еûġ
˹Թɣõ, ʦ
㡪սҪ绰ǰɣ, ˼geneʦڸǰֱ, 󵨵ʡ

϶Ǳŷߵİ
սɵó, ᣺Բ, ʦҸղžе桭

Цأôĺ澢ó˶ڣgeneʦҪҪϵʽ㡣
䡣
, ͬһ̬䵭Ҫ

յͷⷬϺ⡣
תǡƽʱϿûǶҪʦϵʽ˼仰ǵ˵˭ﶼеĿսСʱ
սͷ֪ˡ
죺٣ӯӯСʱ
ʣһͷõģʦ

˵˰໹ѵתһȦȷ˶кú²뿪һŵļѵѾˣѵֱѩϼ˪
ӯӯԭúÿ࣬һ뵽мСʱģ˲á
Сʱչӯӯԭظӽ㡣
ţӡٿأ»ص㣬һ鶯

ֻӯĺֱһҲ˳ȥ
̨ϻ̨£趼Ŀ赸ᲢãˮȴСȲϸµÿһζȣֻҪǶܾȷͬλá
죬ǰ㣬˾ͳߡȻѸٱֱһһдмǿ
鶯󱳶ʪˡ

ӯӯžžžƣӽ˳չ
չһͷսս˸ۣû˵뿪װʲô

ʢġ
ȵ·Ҫ
䱸ԡ䣬ʰѾ롣
⻹챻ϼȾ˳һƬһ˺ӣòˮҡҷӺˮζճʪ
ϴͷʪһˮƵĺһӡ

ټӿŲصȴ򿪿յ
ڴ±䵽䣬һֻʼδϢ
֮УмѰģʮǰ
G챻С°
С۸ٵеϣһһǷ
Ļ죺ĸ¡

G
٣ۣҪǡˣ
٣һαа칫Ҿ㿴ˣ޿
Gû
٣
Gеɰ

ıͨ
ٷ߷Ȼˣ˵ˣ
߷壬ƽʱٻһӵҡеʮ¥һιһӰûٿ壬ӰѾһ첲ιӰӵѹ롣

ӰҧβرԹ
ǷǷģ֪˭
ٹ¼ʾѾܿˣ·϶û³

һ˿ʯͷӲ̡
ʮϵĸ£ٴ¯̿ʽӵپǸϴˡöͷδһ£ҿˡ
涼ûϡ
ҿˡ

ӺڻصȿĻ
޶߳˺ɫ糺졣ӻմȾõĽޣǵԳͻȻǼԽԽʶͷ

ѰĶȻͣˣӵؿ롣
Ȼ㣬ʲô
䣬ָ̧֣ǵӳһԭڼͷЩɿ˵ĵٿرսǰһƬѩס

һļսˣһ໹ɵģǰߵͲƽ
ԸһЩܴӶȻ¶ķ϶һࡣ
ģ档񸲸ɽϵǳƲ㣬㣬ֱ䶥ˡ

Ѱۣ޵ס۵𽥾£Ļް籩ɫ̹Ȼػһߣս
ֱһ꣬ҪЦЦغע󡣡
ʮ㣬һ룬Ѿ֣ٸȥһˡ

ȥȥģٸĽŲݣ³İťʣҪȥ
Ѱȥģȥ⡣

µ⣬ٱһ·ĳλϡ
ʲôǰҵͽݵıӰ
̲סʣʲô
ҵ㶫ģɣûشֻڷҼ϶׹һѳԿףҿڲں档

ѹ֪ҪʲôǴȥ䡣
žડ
綯βƣһȿֺꡣ

վλ복βԭעڳٿؿʲôƮŶȻعһȥץɳ򡣽ԽԽ࣬ʱæ
Ѱⶼʲôδ󺰡

ԸһͷΣⷨǼѽ̵ġǶ˼ͣͷŮ˼Ǿϲ
ôͳ˾š
޴룬æң޲ܰɵץﲻɡ

Ѱһֻֻ˻ϵ˸᣺
ҵģٳٶһġ
ûĸġ

ٵһյôŮĵģ۵ģ׵ģģץ޴һѡһͷܿһƬɫ졣
ԽΪ˸
ء꿿ڳϣϾؿΪʲôÿζܳɹԵص㡣

˳Ŀ￴û˲ڵС
һʻ
ÿһʻѡõʱǼͷͷɫÿһ϶ҷϮ˻Ļŭš

Ȼ뵽ʱĳ⵹ˮô˵ġ˵ϲֲûǮ㶩һ
ǡ

鲻Խһʧ
곤˼꣬ȴĵܵܵСڳ衣
ʻ˵ģһֱΪԼѾ˿ЩҲٸð͡żϿŮյЩҲǸľӸ̾һۣ˷ѡ

ɳֻĳ˲䣬ʱԼ֪
ҲҪյһܶܶࡢൽҲµʻһеĽϣ·˶ĽȫҸˡ룬һʻ÷ΣÿһСңʻܳϽࡣ

ҲˣԶںߡҵϵ㡣
ڼѰ
ٻ֪ǵǰߣǶԡ

ڴŮʱֱ֮һ˫˻
ƺ¸оʻԴԴӿڡҵǡСĵ̸ܵ᲻ϰ硢֮֡һγ׿ֻʣһͷ͵̸̫ܵˡ
õ뱬ֿڡ

Ȼ͵̸ֹܵЩ
ĳƽ֮ſһ׽֣ףŮʿػš

һЦˡ
Цӷ̲סȥ첲
ղŻ뵽ʲôֵô¡ֻӣ˵С¡޾ϸؼ¼ˡ

ɫ½һС֣úɫˮдġóдֵʱЩִ٣΢΢бм仹Ϳ˸īţϲ֮ܿκ

ЦתͷѰ
ҲزסЦ˼ͣ𻡶ȣֵüһףһôˡ
ȭͷǲǷ򣡡

װͰ͵ģȴЦ
һֱϰЦᣬЦݸЦõ壬ٿô
ڼüŪĻģ

ϲʱ
ϣһֱ

Ѱ˼˫ۣᡣ





58.     Ҳ𡣡


᲻, Ƿ⡣
İ취ʹ¥ˣʻ¥һڶ

΢һ
, ˹ĺ󶼱ʪˡͷԭҪ, ͷƤİ磬Ǵ˵̻ȡβź, ճʪ
ֻë׵С

һ, Ŀ⴩˿߼϶ıӰϡԺ, Ҫǳȥ, ׵ļͷһ٣ܽ, ɵذͷ, ΢΢̵ķβ
Ұ˧뷢ĺܸߡ

˼ſһ, Ҳˡ
ٳŸɾϴݹȥ, ϴ, Ǻ
Ŷֽӹ, ϴ̨ߡ

ȵض˻˼֧۵Ĳƿ, 㲻塣ʼع˳
ʻ̫, ôԵ˷ѡ
˻ɻķ, , ŲȻͣࡣĳʪ°ͺɻѣϴ̨ô

ƳһۣȻһ֧ȫµʿࡣ
δҲ̫Զ˰ɣ
˺þ, ٲĳڳʱʧִġʱûԶ֣õĻûٷŻȥִʱ֧ոµԶûϹϵˡϴ̻ƷǶƿƿ޹м䣬þöûʽһ¡

֪Ĵ׵Ķµģߵû˺ء
ĬΡ
ҲӡѰƵ˵
ŪʪһƬٱʪĸоŪĿҲҾڶ棬ҪκӲԼؼŪ
ƫŪ

ȥԼǱ֧
һԭȰټҵ֧׽Ͱ֧ȡԭȵģǶѻƷڣ۵λáζʮ㡣

ҪЦЦ˵һ䣺ܵΪ
˭֪ܾܵͷˣԱƵ䷭ɳѹɳϡ

գۣʳڵġͬʱ
ѹ֣һֻ̽ԽԽ룬°˽ȥ¡һѣžǿٺڴ߰ѻ˹Ժ׼б˵Ķ
Ȩֻ׼ҵġ

ϴʱٴʵԡҾ￴Լ-塣÷¼ʤѩֻȦиǳָۡ
ǴͿ˲飬Ȧ
ٿָۻûɢʱ򵹲ʹҲ֪ʲôɽţĹΪλ˽ܣǲʲôӰ죬·һ´󼪡

˯£ڴϣǸС˶š
٣Ժˡ
ûأֱһ绰˹Ūˣ
ļǵģе㺩

Ƥڶ˵һ˵ģ˲ò˼ٿ˿˵£죺ˡ
ǱҲĿİͰͣǡ´㡣
㻹´ΣٶȻߡ

ôһ绰ﶼǲĦϸ΢졣
һƬO@͵شʲô
˵֣ص㡣

ˡѰƤ߯ɤʣܹܲȥ㡣

ٹ˵绰
ȥ֣

ڶϣٳǰͼ˼ѰƤף࣬ͷҲһϵ˧硣ò˵Ŵ񡣰һ޵覴ã۴̶ûУ۵ƬӰС

һͣؿżϡ
ٺϾؿȥˣ
ɳɳģۣӲһϡ


һͱһͨٶ˿֪ίȭͷ㲻ȥ
ˣ˳緹˵ŰĴӽøO@죺㣬ʲôʱҰѶᵽ
áٹ

ѰΪʲô
ɣϢɣӰҡ
Ժġ

ڶҼ̫Сסἷ
ѰñӺǻһ
٣ϰһ˯

ֶʲôأ˯ǸС䡣
˵겹һ䣺㣬ʡ绰ѡ
ΪҲ֪Щܵܡٳһǵһǣ߲εĴӱ򶨵ôߡ
Σյۣ㻹֪ĸܵܣ

Уִ򷭴̳ˡ
ҧһαԵ޹գۣ֪˵ġ
˭֪ĳ˻֣̽׷ʣľҲô𡣡
ôܡľԶˡ˵ԣһҲ˵㲻ԡһ͵ġôȽϡ

̳Ʋҧס
һޣɤϲĸ͵ġ
ҧסƿڶʪˮ
βŵϲġ

ܵ϶ӡӲŷȥϰࡣһǵ֪µģࡣһ-һЩڶ
ٵŻž˺ð죬ղĵͿ覡

ճ֣ʦ
֣ʦ۾ܶһЦɫ̸ˡ
䲻

֡˽£һûŵ˽֣ʦ˼֪Զ֣Ŀǰֽһ顣
ɻ֣ʦ˵֮ǰڰ칫ʰҶˣǺôû¶ҵõҲǾ仰Ҫǿѵˣƽһ¹
ٽܺ⣬ݸţ֪

֣ʦ˵һϿΣʦ֪ͨ˽һµĿγ̰š絽飬˴Ϣʱ䡣
һƬԹ
ʦֲֵɨÿף˵´ݾͶڹʱءžҪʱݵ׼ӦĴ˳

ڻ࣬ΪȥĻг̣쵼ԭײŵ̨ݵļ֧赸׷ǰ˻¡ص̨
µʱ䣬Ҫɼ䣬ҪŶЭҪѡѡټϼ֧ͬʱˡ

뿪꣬ǺϰŵĽࡣ
Ҫ̸˸СѣĻھסš

ܣȻͨڡ
ʱƽСʱϣҪŵԺŵҡûʱ㼾Ѱϵϴͻ˯ˡ

ʱǼѰ
ˮŲ輸ϣһûһԹΪʲôһ25;þ½ˣǰü¶۵ġ

Ѱھʢ޴йͣ޷ͬܡ
̣ҧĸ죺ǻ˯
췴ҧһڰٵίͰ˵Ҳ㡣

º󾱣ʲôʱˡ
٣һֱ
ƵһࣺûС

Ů˾뵡üۣ۵Ҫ㲻Ϲң̫æ˾סǱߣûҪظϡֲǲȥ㡣
˶ӰЩģֻԶԶһۡ
˵ŴչȥĿһüۣҲ𡣡

ٲ׽ĺͲסһ£ԸеҪ
Ʋסһ£ָںϣһ˸ƵĺȻֿΣŮЦԭָС

ڹ⳶⡣
ദôãѰҲͬ㹻˽ⷬٶ޷Ǿֲиôֻܵˡ
ѳٵԼϡ
ĥãҧ´Ȱ㣬Ϊôۡ





59.     ˵ĺãʡǷǡ


ϻǼѰʰ
ƽʱԼչ˲, ȴǳǿ

ζ֮̿ƽʱȥ˭ʰĶ
Ը硣Ӳػش
ڵϣ𡣶һذ, -һѡ

ٴ·, ѵԸӵĽǶȿïܵĶ̷ֻ¶һǼͦ⡣ϥб󷽣°͸鵽Ѵ, źһҪʰʲôʱ򰡣Լ
ҪѰִ, Ӧظϴԣÿһ, һΡ

˵ƽʱҲ㡣
ĳսľ̸֮ƽʱֻ衣
Ϣһ, Эðɡ

ҪĶﻹڹûá
뿪ԺԼ, ʡ˸Ρ˭֪ʰźȻôһ䣺û˯º͡
סͣ

ǲˣٶѡ
ͬ˿, ⻺, ͣÿָϡĬ, ͷñǼⶥļǣ, Լա
Ŷ
𽥽Ӳ, һºʵǽ

Ѱ˰ͷȻ뵽֮ǰβͷ룬ԭⱲӻʱֲǹ, ѡ
ڵãӷˡ
ϲʲôġ
, ˿, ˿񡭡ʽ, ϲһ㣬Ըһ㡣

Գøߡ
ôϸ΢ĶҲ, ױ͵һٶ-붼ûˡ

Ů߷ߵɤڶըʲôأѰ
͵ĵܾܵͷǵǹײ㡣
׼ˣװͰ͵˵
˻һ룬Ե

پͽסᡣ
·ʡǵʱûϢͶѵѰȥΣԶԶ棬͸
Ů˴ʱרõĴࡣǵûǻùԼҵţЬӶˣŲë̺ϣƯǱ
ڲǣڴһ˿һԽͷ˺ѹܸϷˮҲˡ

Ѱ֪ԼӸԣԽÿβҴ̫á
ȥһţû˵ϣȴҪһ̡

˺Ϲι¡
ڸ룬ǱġÿˣҵһͿ

µ׵ʱڰŵһοˡ
ȥǰԸ绹棺ڣôôã
Ѱ䲻ȵ

ȻûˣԸٺһЦñʲôҪ˳̸¶컪Ǳרء˵ܲ¼demoȥҲҪȫ˾С
ѰְѱʼǱƹȥ⣬Լ

Ҿ˵㲻ʧѸ١ԸỤ˳ʣҪţŶԣǲǱ߽ȥ
Ѱš
ԸʣҪҪ㣿
ѰҪ

Ը¶һϸװ˵ݣöﲻң
ѰĮݡ
Ը磺
и뷨Ȼʸ࣬һ·׷ſڣԷ˦һĳβ
ԸĬĬݣ˵ʲô˼

ԸʺŸŶŽըֻϡ
Ѱȫû˾

ǿаסҪɵٶȡ
ִʱȴĳûûЦóʦ˵ʲôһͷѳ̵һ˿쾱ϸ޳ʱϪˣԡ
ڰսһͣ٣˼֡
Զľ룬ʲôû˵ֺʲô˵ˡ

ûã˶ȥ˺̨
һ¥ıݴ˲տ

ϯտյֻеһ˲ˮ
½󣬼ѰһƳȻװסüһͨԵɡ
ҲˣǰǷǷ
ûãˡ
˽Сϰ壬䣬ʣҪͶƱ˭
鵭ֻأõġ

˳֪˭ŵģúõĶѹ
ѰԭûĵƢ谵Ĺߴϣһ衣ޱţʱʱһȦıʡ

͵̸ڶ
̫ˣ𷶶ûλ
һĶûãò
ôģضá˷֡
ûޣ˰ġ
ǿպϣ˵ϡ

е󣬴ٳʼ
ݳתȹԵ˸ӯ̬ȶˡԭ̵ĳٰɢбһ֧ľȹҡҷҲҡҷ֮мѸСÿһһ룬մɡеġҲֻһ֧մȾζ

һӽβѰ˹ʼ⣬˸߷֡
Ƿ˿±˿ƵģռС

½½˵ͷ֣¸̾һ䣺ġ
ţȷʵǿϧǰꡣ

ֻֻǲ
бһۣüĿֻûѡϹдϡ
ȻˣԻΪ赸ҵαһࡣ

ںӯӯҲ
ӯӯΨʦģ졣ͬ赸ӯӯѧԺϢأһһۣȷ÷·̿顣
ٲͬ׷Сܼ
赸ԷһίģϷʱ򣬾Ȼ޼

Ȼʤһ

ˣʦȻ⣬ܽ᣺˵ãûﵽԤĿꡣ֪ǸԷģԼ
ǲ˼ȡڵ״̬ȥѡCCҲ̨ˡ
ϣ´οܿȫµľò
Уģǻġ󵽵׶˭ֻǲο׼Ψһ׼û
̨ϡϡһƬˡ

Χȥ鿴ʼǰֶʽ»
Ⱥ棺ŬʲôҿҪڶˡ
ӯӯ㵹ãֵøġ
ӯӯһʼ磬ν

˵Ⱥ⣬ٵķҲæġ
ӯӯɤࣺӽ㣬ߣ
û̫⣬ӯӯ˵֪Լǵһӯӯڶ̫ԼıŶ塣
ûԶ

ĵطûѾ͵˳ëˡ
̨ٵĵطȥոǿżѰͨߵġ

Ÿո߳ݴϺȻһֱۡûȴ֪˿û̵Ļ
ϸȵĴ-ϢڶߡÿӵͷȥĶࣺôôÿ

ģ
ո̨ϣڷ⣬ʯƵĽƲۡ
ƺ߳š
˵ˡһȦ

ٲţôܣذɣϳƣû
̫ϸ˵ָ´Ѵ۶ϡ

֪ʲô
ѪնЩô
ٺЦסָס˵ĺãʡǷǡ

ƣѰñǻ
˺ðΣվֱͷŪָʲôʱؼң˻𡣡
ܰź𣬡滹ѵҲˣʦ⡣
ŶӦʼװư͡

׾Ҫ塣
͵̸ܵȱͳˡִ˲ƣ˽ȫͨһϣͨٿؾͰռֻʣˣ˵ںڰпտص
æʲôˣȥ𡣡ʣĵѰһ⡣
ţծ

ڰб˴֮ü۱ģ壬·Ҫ̽⵽Է顣ıϢƽҲԼһĿһġ
ڽţ򢣬ʣǷר𡣡
ǡ

˰סˣٻزȥԭأֻüŽš
˫־ͰϣؿģԼĻǿҡôడ´һľԴ͡
ͲءѰԼķְ˰ҾС
ЦǶ𣬻ģ
㲻Ƕʡ

ôͳСѧķʽչˣ
ȥҧ촽ҧסһ鴽ΡľܱһЩҪǻˡڰо
׹ƫҪʣٻشһΡ

ǲǶôǴ
ºڰжԵˮɫٵĴͶȡɣ֣£Ȼˡصˡ





60.  ѡ   ֮ǰǼ»


˵˫ġ
Ҫһȥһ, õĸ鶼塣
һۼѰƢҲ˵㾪Ļ
, һǹȥô˶㹻ί, Ż׵رѰֱ

һ˵Ļء
صˣж˻˵óء

̧ʵ, ˼ѷֵС
ڰõġ, ޼ɵع̣͵ƫͷˡɳ, ŵ㲻Ϊ֪С

ٻݳ, ʮֿɡһ̧֣˳첲, ؿ˿廨¥߻谵, ۾ʶȥĶһζ, Ŀĸ߹ҲǼֱϸ, 廨¡, Ǿ, òɷ
һоı仯ںҡ

ţһٵ
Ҳòȥ, β

ںڰаӵ˴˸ŶԷȶȡ
ʱƿ, Ե̫⡣ǽӵ, ޿ɱһЩΡٲ֪ò, ҿԼı仯ԷģȴʵʵŴڸСȻ֪ʲô, 糺һƬ

Լ᲻Աơ
ٹģɢעֵʱû˽ɣ
Ѱüߣ𡣡

٣ڶأ
Զáм
ЦǾͻ㹫ƽ

ʣ´ο㻹𣿡
Ϊʲô
룺ġ
ֲǿԵġ㲻֪Ϊ˭ģ

٣ܲΪҰɡ
ѰţܲΪɡ
˴գȻЦˡ˭Ҳ֪ЦģϸˮͶöʯӣЦͲǵˡ

Ų˵Űʡ
ٺԼֱ֣ĿûнȥѰġ
ҵûȥˣһʦҪСᡣ
š
пջؼ㡣
á

˵ȥŰ֣ͬһŰѵĻ֡
ܸסֱ
ƭҡӱӵһ漴ɿڼҵ㡣
УˡѰ˵̫ƴ

ܿģ뿪ʱͻܡ
ƺڿһ飬տ
ѰûüһѵĶƸУǿտؾͱˡŴ¥˺ӱͣɫ񳵣ԸӴ̽ͷʣʲôݰ֣߰չ˵˵£
ĺ÷˴ˡ

***

ο֮ǰԻؼһˡ
ȥܴæ˵·˳ȥ1601
ѰĪʲô
͵ĻǳЦҾ̫˷ѣժ˻˸ɻõ屧˵޹²ݳƤߵġ
ͷϸܣйĵ㡣ҹ˯

һͷǳŵĻ
ѰԱͷɳϣͷһڣЩ˲ʩ˷ٿȫʧˡ
ǻֱƲţȴ徻
ǱסѨε÷

ڶοˣ׼ʱȥֳ
Ը綥һŰҲˣϲߡ

Ѱ̵Ļֻʣ㣬һһǶķһԸڶ߳ϵɧš
ʦ̸ˣܿ԰ϲ
Ҹ˼ǽٺ٣û˰ġҪ˵ǸˡʦðƢãҵˮƽߣլŮ񡣾Ƣ
кõģұ졣

ǰ˳˳ΣҲһοˡ
γɼȷˡ
֪ĸƶӱ¿ˣһռ䡣۽ռ䣬ϵĽռ̫Сһռ֡Ϊ涨ڶ׷һ֡
׷׷ǰĲ̫ˣCȻCCֻ¡

쵼ᣬȷѡˡ
ϣ˶ѾĬٵѡ
İĳϣиӰǽߴ绰᣺磬֮ǰ˵Ǽ»𣿡

¥صžһӯӯϡ
ͷ飺Ҽǵø˵ʶݵ̡

ӯӯϲ裬Сϲ
վ̨ϱ̨׷ٵĸо̨µܱ˿ʱżʵĹ⡣ǿٽţʱé®š
ӯӯϲ̸Ůѡ
ƯҲ裬һŵ档ֻϧܿ˳ţԸȥֹŵСָ

ӯӯܹɣԸ򣬺ɩúܺá
ɩ˵úãδ˳˳ţɩ뿪µĿȱ
ʱӯӯϲ١
ֻҪһ·ܿԼδ̹̹

ٲŵӣӯӯԼǰأԼҰġҪͬŵһܵв
뷨ܶݡ
в֪˶˵úãжáȥԼǷѾվᲢ۵λȥ

ֻǺܿϧ̶һ񡷣ӯӯ֪Լ֮Ĳ࣬һԶ޷Խĺ蹵裬Ǳ˼
ӯӯܵѹ
οԼûϵֻҪ˦̫Զһа취

취úܿ죬ʦһǿΨһ׼ʱӯӯ֪Լлᡣ˵ݵĺпһ֪ƷҵʱʣŶ֪أ磬ô֪
ùеϵԶǢ̸ŵ֣˸ۡ

ԶǸŶӣڹڡ
ӯӯֻΪɺϣֵһ磬رμݡиҲһõҪǲУܰæ𣿡

ôС裬ȫҶ֪ϲһС
ͺڿ֮ǰôִŵ٣ԶȴܵɼꡣҿûǸ㿪ڡ
֪֪ˣ

ӯӯǵһΪ¿
ȻֹȴûٳȵصžһְˣҲֻֻĻ΢⻹ڲϡ
ǱԶʣôˣûõ
š
֮ǰ˭˵ԼųɼõģԶЦĶðĺȥˣ

ӯӯȻ˵١ûҺԶ˵ٻ
Ҫ֪ٽڣĸԣ첲Ѿܲˡοռ˶Է

ѽˡӯӯ˵һСʧûáԺһ͵ģҺ͵һͲһַģĲġ
ã֪ˡǱ߻ء
ӯӯٿ˿лл硣

֪Լк·һ㲻¡
ֵȻ̹Ҳ䡣αôڣĪţλܻԼ
ɣڲҲһ㲨һЩ

Σ˶š
ֻһֱγ̽ʦûһѡ
ǰǿ쵼ҿģܾ֪ݰš˳סʣʦݻû𣿡
ᵽ£ȻǷѣ˻֪ͨȥ

ʦ̬΢¾աƵͷ
ǰʱʱӦ

Ҳ֣ûֳӯӯο˵û£Ǹ
¿Σջ·յ˼ѰĶţҲµġ

Gˣ
٣ûʦ˵
¼Ѱģַһ
٣û¶˵쵼бĿٵȵȡ

һǽ֮Ű칫ңʣһ仰֮ǰ׼ô࿼˻ʲô壿ԺԱˣ˭Ǯ˭ϡ
ʦԸǿ쵼Щ
С죬ô˵һڶ˶١˻ġ
԰ֲҪѺȥݡ˶ٮٮ˭϶ԡ
ҾòСʦ˵ţΪľǰõѧ̨ôģҽ֣ҲΥԡ

ô죬ѲݻѺܸߡǱҪеŵķõġ쵼ͼ˼⼸쳵ꤻôҪӯӯϡ
ʦѵһӣ̫ˣ
ʲô㻹ᡣϻ¶ء

ʦ̬ǿӲҵһ˴򽻵ȴҪ㡣֣ʦ̲ס԰ǻ쵼㿴ܲ¿ٱһΣ
ˣҲûٿıҪ֪ϲ٣ȷʵǱ߷˻ϱ߶û취βУ´Ҹٲɡ
𣬵ͷһ䣺ơ

ɸƵ֮
鴦ͻȻţԥ˼ŵǻԱ°ɣ
ţôˣ֣ʦ͵
Ǳ˵Ǵһʼͦľ١εǵʧŪˡ





61.  ɩ   ǽǵʱж


칫˾ԭء
ʦȷӦˣ
ɲ, ղżҴҴ绰˶˺ü顣٣ϱϣ, ˺101069, ˣû
ʦЦˣʲô, ܲܿס

, ڲķûˡ
쵼Ҳڨڨȷûǰɣ
϶ûˣǱ߹˾Դĵ绰鴦ʦ˵, ⻹ûȥ, ҪȻʱ˸Ρ

Сļǣȥ
, ȥ˰
ͷ, ץ, ʡҹζࡣ

, ܿ˳ɼͳ, ݵԱš
Ⱦӵһ, ӯӯڶ޿ɺǡ
ô죬˻Ϊб, һװдȻٵ֡ڶСţ߲д油ӯӯ

ٿʱ޲, Ԥȫһ
ֻǺΪʲôҪôá
һͷ, ͻȻ˾ӯӯ, ʲô

ӯӯվȺȦۿ죬鿴ί
۾, ¶㯣ܿĨһ£û¡Ǿӽˡ

һȷͺ񳾰䶨Ƶġ
ս̲ס٣ϲ㰡
ٲС۵ˣЦЦлл

½½˹ϲò״ȺӯӯѾڸղŵĵطˡպе绰ֻֻ¥ȥ

ô֪ˣٳ绰ͷЦô׼ʱ
û֪Ҳµġ˼룬ѰӲת˸䣬ˣ
ü䣺ǰ

Ѱд֧
٣ţҡ

ǱӦЦģģС
û˵סЦⶺôgeneʦҲģҪ˵̣дĶɣ
Ǳ߼ϣʲôʱô˵

ǰҿˡٵ
ǰסǳʵмӸɡˡŮɤöԷ޿κΡ
ΣѰëͷСһ˼ͷܲܰǶʧ䣿
٣ܣ

ٸ˵ӦпգҪҪףһ¡
û˵ڣ¥һߴ˵ϤӯӯģֻǴſǻԹʲô

û˴绰İãӯӯʲôʾ֪ˡָմŰ֣ӯӯƲסƵĵ͵źһǸ˵õģ񡷵Ҫҵģ
ƭӣ˵ʶ̵ģƭӣ

һ˲㶣ٿز⼸ųٳٲࡣ´ϢŰ˳¥
û˲ãҲû˲衣
˶һλáȴⲻ˱

˵ӯӯ˼ʱһ˿㵡ϸ룬ʵпԭֻԼ̷¡
ô굱ȻֻԶ

ʱѡ˳
һǻȳͳ֮ģǧȴԶǸꡣ

绰Ǳ߼Ѱ˵ʲôʱܻ
šɡ
ͻȻʣôˣ
û£ոտܱԼǺ¡бû¶ҵȹˣæ
ãм¡Ǳ߶˶٣ŵˣ˵ɡ

ʱٻ֪Ҫ˵ľӯӯ¡
Ҷϵ绰þãӯӯ¥ȦȻ졣ʵѾˣֻװ·ţ۾ôˣ
ӯӯ˵ð٣Ҹ糳ˡ
ûгܵʱ򡣡
šɡӯӯʹԴȻ

Ȼºͣӯӯ¶

油᲻𣿡

ʵֱ̫ˣӯӯֲǰΪ¿޹Ӻȴֱ棬죬˵ᡣɲֵߣ˵ڡô಻ʡ
Լ㣬ôĸԸ˵油

ӯӯûȴˣңһ᲻ˡ
ӯӯΪԼˣ̧ۿ٣￴һƬ̹ϡ
Ҹյŵʱô⡣˵ʱϻڣҸϸ⣬Ҫʦˣһҡ

˵ԼͷЦˣиǳԵĻȣȴ㯣Ҹǰ油ȺҲֲλáʱҾ룬ƾʲôҰݵǵòԵȵջ񡣡
ءӯӯʡ
һ˳ɱɱʱϰϿҲϿΡ˻ȥһСһлʱϺ˵ʵ˵Ҳûʸĥҵ

ӯӯ쳣˵Ҫ㡣
赸ԱҪǲ̫ܰΪԼȫõʱǡǡҲ׿˵ʱCǻ᲻ʣʱˡ֣ڸCλϲܿĶ
㻹C
˭ءЦ̹ϣ뵱ʿǺʿ

ӯӯǴˡ
ⷬƾġλͬ͸˵סû߳ӯӯܻǲʡ
е飬ôռ˺ô
ʲôû˵뿪ıӰ˺þá

ʱٵҡ
ôõͻȻиеۣɳϲ̫Ը⶯۾ţҲϢ

ʱɳϵѸ
Ьذ壬춯Ƥпټͦĺ󱳡ϢʱͰߣഹζߣԵ֡ûһ˴ػˣֽ

ۣѰһߣʣˣԵ㶫
ʲôԼƣ±ӡ

ĿֽϣǡһƷ᡹Ϥİװ
ɣԶǰҲϲҡ

Ѱڵ̺ϣѲһյյóںãƤһ£ȥûˡ
װ棺ϣ⡣
š

ȥ٣ֱҲ˹ȥУ

ڶԷ۵׿һgڸȼĻܹԵԴ𣺡֪ˣС
Ѱӱǻһͣ쬵˸С

һʱֻʣ귢Ķ졣
Ҳڲ輸ߣŵĴ
ŲӾ͵ߡ¶ǣֺһЩٽӹԼ˳ʣ˵ʲôҪһؼҽģ
ûʲôҪġȳԷ

ȳԱ㣬ˮѰżصһ顣
Ѱû˵£Ҳǵһ֪辭ӪĹ˾ʲô꣬ڱӵţ̺ȡ

پ˺ܾãǸ
ص㣿ѰЦЦسǡ
Ȼǡ˼һ£˵Ϊԭȼıϴ˵СǮ㹻-ܵˡڷе档

Ѱһٰۣ-ġ
¶֮ǰٴξɱ֪Уȡ

٣ҵҪģܹ󡣴˭ģ
걻ڰ񿴻ˣһԼϣҵģ˰ɡ

һĹ˵üɡ
ݵǼѰǼҹ˾֪ɢǰҵְ֪ҵ˴ΪԼǼĹҡ˵ʱд׸裬˵ʱ˭ҲҲļѩɡʲô̼ʲô

ڵһοֳͬѰкСϰλǹ˾鴦æ˽£Ѱǵ
Сϰ壬ҪͶƱ˭
ʱĻشǡõġ

ڳΨҵʿ˶Ժõı׼ͬ
λʦƫӯӯķ񣬳ɹ˴ƫȻΪѰõľλӯӯ

ԭҲҰٷְȷպ˵ϽӯӯԶáǵԭȶ³ڵʱڹԶ׽
ȷˣҲġ
ӯӯķ׷ϵһλ˽һ֡

Щơ
Ǽ죬Ȼּٳٲ·
Ҳ⼸죬Զĵ绰򵽹˾˵ͬһ¡
СϰԶͬһˣ߱ǿӲӯӯɡγǿͿѡϡ

ںյһͨΪβ
Сϰ巢ģܾ췢ļڲͨͨɣ鴦·칫ʱ࿴һۣ˵ͨ¸ˣ׺ĸ֣ʥ⡣

ưͷϣʵмôơ
µٲŻԶͨϢô¡
ûϵֻˣ
ٴ𣺡ǰôˣ
Ǳ߳Ĭãֻ˵֣ûʲôǸ

ʱĪȴˡ

һûףתͷʼѰ֮ǰԶ˵ǲԶôӯӯô㲻ʶ㣿֪ҵģ
㶼˵Զˡĵش𣬡˸Ӵš
Ŷٳ˼

ȻΪѰЦͻȻԵǽǵʱжûС

ֿһģͻȻͱǽš
εЦЦΪʲô°Ϸ

˳̨׾£뿪Ц˵ԭôûеµ߰ܵܡ
ǰ˳飬Ȼ¶һҧϣǹа¶ǵغȻΪأɩӡ





62.  Ƿ   ҪҰ𡣡


Ѱʵж֤ĵߵж͡
һɩ, ٿɳܵغһƬ

´½ƵķС㣬Ѱ˵ŶԭϲġǻһΣɩӡ
βЩζ
ȥ죺, Ѱ

ʵ, ٲŵǲǱ̬вɡ
öϺһˣ˵Ĵʻ㲻Ǳ̬в˫۾Ȼ, ôɶûһˮҲʹˡ

Ѱ֪ôȥ, տʼɡʱ򣬴Ӹ߿һԾ, һ˵Ĺ¶С
ڿƮŵʱԵС, ʱͻ׵ƶչӵȥ, ɢ, õȻ׹䡣
, ô, ܻӵ, ڿ쵽ȫߵĵط, ÿÿֵشСУɡ

ֹ¶ˮһӿ

, ֻҪ׹ܸоӵ
񾲴˷ӵ
ܸоʵ, ϲʱ, ռ֮賤롢ϲϲ

ļʱ, Ѱ̲ס׷ȥͷһһֱˣҽɲ, ¡

ʵ˵ʱһо
䵭ʱ䵭Ҳ̣Լ˵ǸոǾ仰˵øԹɣ˴ֲƫƫĳ߶ȱøոպãͷԣԼȴȻ֪

ͼѰһ֮ľ
ҵܾܵûʲôǷֵҪ󣿡
ǷֵҪ󣿡ʣķ棿

Ƿ氡
ľӰβϵ-֮ʣٵʱֻŵĺ޲ûС

ô᣿ľӱʾ𾪣ܹҲˣ̡ͦ
ԴԶľӶĳƺֻصܹӡż󷢴ȱ̾һ䣬òһеġٵǰһԱȣȻò˼飺⿴ǵܵܵﾢ㹻ʢͲѹסġһ뷨ûУ

ûС

ֻǺżż£Խָ·°νȥǳǳ̽һҲôˡûʼƾܣԼָ֣СĦ-ߣ˶ѡ
ԣûǷ֮£ûʲôҪ

ǣһΡ
ûԿЦĿǣͦʣܲ⡣

վЩ겻Ҳڶ棿
šĿơ


˵ڿжԽž𻨡
ջĿ⣬ȻؿǽʱӣҪϻȥġ
֪ˣ㡣Цһӵĺ顣

Ѱ˵¾ֻ˯ͷ
Ҳ֪ʲôһǽ͸һʲôϴ裬ͷ϶˿ԡʱʪصˮˮӷҵδδ׹ѼƯĺʪһƬ

ٴ·ĿбӡһӣԳ˸ȥô
Ѱӹϵ磬ҪЦЦǡ

죬һͷԡҵϡָںڷ⴩󣬴øⲻġ϶Ȼعͷ٣㣬
ţ
ֱصͷ󻰡

ٻԼĶֱأ˵ü¶һۡ


ʵ翴ˡ
ֻǲԸ˵ˡôֳ˿˭ܵˡ
֪̬ڼѰǹ档ȥߣ˵ˣһ
ţðɡͷһҰ㴵

ú˵ƵģҪô
ڶܸоԡʪϢûܵˮӲΧƵĺܿסĺ󾱱˵ͷôԼǲҪܾã
ҪҰ𣿡ôߡ

ǰһӣ-ˮ
һ̧۾ܿСҧֿУĥٱĥ÷̲סӭϡ̻ըʶۡһ̧ѹŮСϣʹĶƵĽ㡣
ܲԼͨر˱ۡ
žһͷ׳ƣԼҵʣ֣𡣡

***

ϣŨֻҡ
һߣӯӯؼҾѵûڹ˾ӰԶԭϵڷ˭û˵

ͨ绰Ŀӯӯۺ죬һͷԷ
Զ˺üβˣ޶á

ĸ֪йؽڣӯӯطʣôˣ
ûʲôƢԶüģȥ塣

˺ܾ÷ţû˴Ӧ
Զ˲ͣӯӯš
߳ĬãУ

ôֻΪû¶λöΪԶͨ绰ݺѵˡ
ûͬƢĸ磬ڵ绰ﲻس

ԼС赽ãԶЩƣȷΣƢ̫ãǸ㿪š

ҲѹͲң
Ű壬ӯӯģ
ȻѾűһ㱡Ű嵲סߵĶã˿ǻϲˣ㻹°ŵһһ֪٣ͷ˶԰ɣ

ӯӯĻѼ⵶ĿڣѪ
ûЩӦúٺúõġ

ÿγٶܴ˵ûϵȥɣҪֻҪпնϸĵ׼һӦĶ·Լע㰡

ǵǸʱǷ
ÿʱֱŮѺǻĸоסȥͷĳ嶯ºͻӦ֪һȡ

ʱá
ԶҸġ

ӯӯĻǴڵʵҿˣСͲ
ϲ˱ˣøʻޣš

ԶԼĽڷֿ֮ԷԼʱֻʣϣٻǵԼһã˵ٻ̹Ȼ˵Զܺãϧǲʡ
ʵѾǶõˡ

뿪ٵ
Ե֪ӯӯʱ̩֮֡Ȼȷʵٻ˭ĳɼ
һCλʲõӯӯֻܵͷ䡣

ǵãһʱٶ̨п־
ϲ̨Զ֪ġ

ֿ֮ͬ󣬲֪ʲôܻȥˡ
Զ˶ãʧ˶á
ԼٵֻǸ·ˣ԰ٴӹȥ̶ʰƹˡ

ʧ䣬ҲǶʼɣ
ͨ绰ûƺԼͬӯӯ˻
ӯӯûϵԵǸǸ֮ҪСѾͷ˵

û
ԶԶŰ壬˵ϣ¡һɼӲŻᾡԼ㣬ȥ˫رա

һ죬̫Ѩ
ȻûлǼڶѾˡǺܿϧ֮ķչڸΧ֮ڣ˵°ڵһѡ㡣á
û˵ֻ̾˿֪˾˭ҵ𡣡

ô֪ӯӯ
˷Ӧ
Զ˸̣գҵġ

ڱһ죬ӯӯ̽Դֿ޹һ۾Ӻ죬ϻۡĵ˵Ļ
ĸң֮ǰ˵Ǳߵݣ
šԶڿ翵

ӯӯ⣺Ȼݹϵ㻹ǹ˾ϵƾʲôң
ƾʲôҪ㣿Զ۳ɼȲ

۹ϵԶĬạ̃ҲҪһЩ

˵Ļ-ģ
ӯӯ㲻ʲô˼ԶҲһ̸ӡշֵǻûԶôȻһ档
ӯӯûٶʣвȴͷϴ֪ˣ硣

Сﵽء
ƲסȥԼĲĴϢϵսǶս֪һ߽ϡ
ڶ䳰ȷôãʲôû㣿
ӯӯһǻصûʡ

սôͻȻȤˣ
ӯӯ˵˵ټ
սʲôƢֲʲôܣ˵ˡҲģûʵϵʽֻʵgeneʦռĲ֪ˡ

GeneռռǼݡ
ֲʲôôֵϣӯӯȻ

ãվûס
ӯӯҲ󷢴ȱһºˡ
ս
ӯӯٺgeneʦ̸
ӯӯаẉ̂ȥʲô





63.  Ƿ   ˬлл㡣


糿һ, پˡ
űڴһѡԽѣҹĻԽԡˮ, Ӱ-ơ
ü۵ʹ, ûƽʱﲻѱӡ
֪ʹ໹ãšüڴ, ʱʱɤ۷͵ĺΪŪ, һţһƬ

ҹûʢĵ, ΢, ǳһ
ŵģȵ, ŵ, ԭ򲻵ö֪
Ӳ, ȴǹ򶨵ȥϴֳءˮָ, ֮, ƺܸܵǹɹ̡˫, ϴҺһָ꣬ﵽ⣬˹

ϴһ, ˲˵±ӡ
㣬ǲࡣ

СƵ, ʪ, 
ٷϣûС
Ѿϴ˿ʮˡߡ

һˮ, ٲŵע
ǡͣһ˼
Ͼǵߣ鶼, תѸԣǼ˲Ķ㣬Ҳģϴ衣ҡ˶٣һΡ

̫죬û׽
ԭûûƤҲ᲻˼
ٲ֪ԼױʲôȡõˣžǳǳһЦŰû㡣

бŵڻܾĹ̡
ֻһûܽܣݸɾ壬ôô¡գΥ͸мǿƫƫ֪ԼǸ˴װ
װˣֻýˮˢһϴȥơ

Ƥ̡
˾һǽ֮Ĵԣ֪ûѡҹ;Σˢ˻ֻȴֱֱģĶ

߲ж
ǡãˢһȦĳ賿㲻˯˸顣
ѰȦķһޡѷһҲԼࡣƩֻһ飬ЦЦģĦ͸

ٺͬѼ٣ֻ˵Ļظ
Ը磺ڣ˯ɵ㻹ҪҪˣ
˼ͣҹɧʲô
˼ͣǸc˰ɣ

˼һȣˢķֻ͡
ҲҲɡ
ǣⷢ˸Ȧʲô˼
黹Ҫ

ҴʮӶȻھЩС⣬ʵֻºѣ³϶ԷǵûΡ
Ҳһ˵ġ
ͷοԼ˯˴ʻ˯ߣʲô

ƿҷţȻһƬ
˿
ĵڶû꣬淿źȻ´һüƣس˷ſڡ̧ץ˰ѺףƤһƣӲβü壬øûƵġ¿ɴϣճͦѧǻüӲƿˮٵСû첻ɢһ䣬ʦˡ

ڣõͬǻɤȴҪɳһЩ
˰
ˡ

ٲۿŪһš
̤Ь·ͻȻͷҡ
𣿡ŬԼԵ޹
ò졭ɿһŷӦɡ

Ȼ֮Ρ
ѰЦָֹͷ㣬㷴Ӧеٶۡ졣˶٣üͻȻ۹⣬ˬ
˵껹òллл㡣
ĺǷᡣ

ٲȥԹ߽
ͷܷУ͸æҪŪ
š

ȥòհüǵҲ⣬𡣡
ٲûشʲôԲԣ֪һſڶˣ׵˻ǵðóһôǷģᡣ

żҲʹɫ©˾䣺໹û˯
ô֪Ĭ˼룬ãһͷ״̬

żʱʱڿ
˼أڲס͵͵
˭֪䲻һ䣺ǰŶԣи¶㡣´ڹ罻ϣͶ˼עӰ𡣡

˼ʲôˣ
Ѱɻ
ͷһ˿õԤУٷֻһ

һֱڹ۲ķӦߺȻӲ˾Ĭ롣
һѹֵġ١úܼʱƷ
ֻ̿ȥ¼Ȧɾøɸɾˡ

***

ôһأѰûš
ûϷġţȴܾԡ

ʼкԽԽ֡һûֱŵĹҵֹš
ֹŵСＸֵûֱӵϵ˵̹һЩһʣСΪѼҲ˵ˡ

˵ϴο˵ĳɼе⡣
ٴûϢԻ󣺡ҵĳɼ
ţǶ˵ʦίʦ̸ǱҲĹϵķߡС͵ı飬˵⼸춼£˵ʤ֮䡣

ͼѰŴ춼ˮƯ
ңټǵԼرظѰ˵ֿɲ˽úþǺãҲϡ

ԼСĽôãǱɿϵλ
ǰ˵ƽʦţŮٵȻˡϲڣֱ籾
˵ûǼٵġ

Ըȴ̡
һԵɣپȥҵʦ

ʦԼĪµ⣬ʣΪ
ţǡվñֱ˿ӡ
˵ءϢе࣬쵼ҲšǴͳһϣ㲻ҪӰ̬ҲҪӰѵ

ʱֻըëСèʦһһ˵ٷЩ¡գۣûʲôģ
һۣȻأֻҪûϹܿʵѣЩʲôֻҪ̬Ӱ죬û⡣

һ㲨۾ͱӰ̬ˡ
ҲͷϣӦָǷǶѡ
ȻǷģٳЦһŪģһܱʲôӰ̬

ѵúЦҲǣǳذɣ
Ͷĸҡ

ҲŵµСģ֣̽Ӱ첻ݽ̡
Ҫǻǰپôˡ֪Լժöɾÿʷһ١ƫƫ꼰ӯӯ
֪ͼѰΨһ͸ھǡ

ΪԶãҪƫһЩ
ҲŽòҲô
ٲúúõӾƫִȥҪקӯӯһѣԼܳ꣬һЩ

˼գͬʦ˵ķܹ𣿡
ôʵˣ
šӦ֪ԼＸԿδа
ᣬȴᡣ

ʦǰƽڵʱ򣬾;˵ҼûôͣʱǷ
ʱţ˭ء
ֵ۾гһ죺ҿŰɡ

ǲ˼ͷˣȻһĻ
úЦȻ˵һɣŪűȥλ䲻䣬Լȥĥɡ
С۾һ䣬Ц

У磬ͳˡ
Ź
һίķһڲίķҲ˵ұſ۳Ψλҵʿgeneʦ̡

űһһҽţΧۡ
һʼߴߴ٣ŲڶűʱȻѻȸˡ

ŵ˿ߥǰ棺дʲô¡
Ǹ֡ǰĹС˵geneʦͦƽġǱ߰ɡ
ôˣ
ӯӯһ˸߷֡

̵ķ֣ٸ߳ڶֲֻ
ǿ۵ֻί߳һأࡣ
Ȼ

ﰵôٵĴԣ˵ȥĵһλȥ⧲

޵ͬһط
ӯӯԶԶŷɫɷס





64.  ͷ   ˮεδʪһƬ


ӯӯڶſ˱ʱ, Ҳڿ
СƤɷףʷ׳ʡʣѾ֪ϢȷʵǴ©Ŀӡ

һֱΪӯӯǸС, ʡȻżô㱻軵, ⽾ѣܹǸûʲô۵С
º, ٺȻ
ûʲôԶС, ûԶ˸ס
ѡʲô·ҪԼѡ

ٿӯӯ, , Ҳˡ
ȻҲʵ, Ҳ޲ߡ
̫߲ʲô¡

ٲ, ֤ʵ뷨֮뿪
Χ, ƫƫ˴С, ڵ̸Եø, 㲻˵Ǳߵ, ôͶ˸߷֣
սģܲ˵ضӯӯ

սһɤӰע˹ȥû˲֪⼸ҥǴĶˡӯӯ졣
ģǺٽ𣿡
һΪô, ԭ˵ڶҲ᲻˰
ŶΪ

ȥʮСʱôϵģٿһ˹ȥ
ǵ˵档

ӯӯ, һֻ˵С, ӵ, ɥʧԹܡͣߵֻʣظûСûС
ߴȺٵһ˲䣬ҵ˾ݡ

ӯӯ, Сؽӽ㡣
šٵ

Ҫ֯ԡ
ٵı˵һУ񾲣䵭·ڿһ־硣
һȪ׹һʯҲ᷺ϣóֵķֻ̡·ӹһۣƽ²ؼ

ӯӯͻȻе
ͺƴȫȥĶڱֻϡƽŬܹ뻭棬ƽ
ͷѪŷ֣˼Ҳں

ӯӯڲԼС
Ȼף֮Ĳڣϲ裬һСáһжȻܡ
ӯӯԼͬϲ裬ϲ̨ƹ⣬Լ

ϲȰᲢۡ

ӯӯȻشͷҧΣ˵˾ЩϵĻ
֮ǰң油᲻᲻ˡ
һǵģҲˡ
ӯӯƽؿһѪϣ´в˵

ʲôû˵ֺʲô˵ˡ
ӯӯٵ֮⡣֪˵ʲô촽ףֻɳܹ˱˪ѩ

ӯӯкüûţļٵ˲٣ġڼ׼죬ȴѾʱˡ
ŲڲԷ͡
ûã˿ʼ˵ӯӯCλòȻ˳ֻԽԽ棬ԹߵĽǶۼ֤һҥԵĿɲŶãѾӲٵ˳š

Թûãӯӯˣֻ״̬Щ겻ᡣ
ٴһһָʱӯӯ˿ںͬ˵ʦ˻ٲžûҵλˡ
ûҴţ˵ĺ̹Ȼ

Щڼңͨ˲١

Ƴһۣӯӯæƿߡ
˵ʯ˰벻⾲˼֡˭·˭Ĺע㶼¼ĵϡڿӾ磬ƽƽûҶͬãհν

鲻Ҽ
Уû
ջĿ⣬Ҳ˼ӯӯϵѹ

ϣ֣ʦֵĺܼʱ
֣٣칫ң̸̸г⡣
г̸ˣΪһѲݣҪǰźü¡֣ʦô˵پ֪ǽΧˡ

һ칫ң֣ʦʣӯӯôȥ
ĶΰЦЦҿҡ
ҲǣС£óԵѵ٣ʣ¶źˣܿҪˡ
پûشôˣͦεģţǰɡ

֪źȻغ؝һˡ؝ûʲôҪģ˵һ䡰̨֪϶ˣ֮ǰǵø˵һ

ûȥĹ԰Χûʲôı䡣
ɽܴ¶±紵졣վڷڻ⴩Ʋɽͷһдء
֪Ϊʲôţ˵Ļúôﵽ
һܸˡ

Ҫ뿪һ¡
úô֮е㷸
Ϣ˶֪ˣƫƫʣһûݵ

ϻؼѾˡ
һžͿյ΢ĵơҵԿ׽˶ССյ£Ȼܿݵļߡﱧöɫ˿·֮ǰøɻо
ôŲ˯ɳϣͷѾÿҪסͷˣƹһգë޽ţһһ

ŷһͷĳƤӶһ¡
ſȥɳ濴ѰƤˡ

ۣİʪ
ͷѰͷɤ΢ƣûһ¡
ţٵֳ򢣬Ȥʮ㡣

ͷðͳ˼֡
ɢɢĵ˵˯ˡ
ЦûҪҽ

һ׿ͷͷ
ɳϣɳԵһࡣ괹Ƥ˯ʮ㣺׾㡣
׵ġٳϰ˹ȥһ£˯𡣡

ûУ㡣
һ£ʾ⣺أ
Ѱû飬ѡ

£ٲпɲܹš
Ķȥһͷҷ޿κε˵ת˯ɣˡ

ûü֣ͱת˷
˳׻˸λãţѰſɳϡ
СǿӲܾ

ͷ˱Ĵá
ͻȻͣжƤڿ׵ø޺Ĵꡣ˺һ˵ǲҪųȥˣ
֪ٲ졣
ʲôû˵

תһ룬־пԭ
ŵǼҹ˾ģĶ֪ܲ
ʡˡ룬Ǳһͷˣͻָ糣ˡ


߰˵ʱɫѾˡҲֻһյٻɫС̨ơ輸ɳӹ񣬶´µĵƹԵøʡ
һס룬ڳֹһž
Ҳ֪һָ֡·°ȥ᲻ص󡣱ȴһ˿㣬ʲôʱ˵ǰһ𡣡

Կ½ֺߺ
ûʹ˵ġ
ŶҴֽˡ˵ؿƬָһ£СͷҲǩ֤

žùȥһ磬ȫȥٲŻججʶղƺǩ֤֡
ԹҶУ㲹ǩ֤ʲôҲҪȥ
УüҳǮƾʲôܿ

Ҳû˵ܡ
ٰס֣нһٶ

ֻ뵽֮ǰԸ˽¸΢ţǳϿҵʣʦݵóȥð
ٻظһ°ɡ
Ը磺ˣڲһȥɣܲ취ڹڱܡ
٣Ҫæ

Ը磺췽궼˺ü绰ˣسϯüΧλÿտն಻ÿţΧý겻ȥҾקקأܻᱻ衿
٣

ӣСѹûԸĿķϡ
ٿޱֿ治Ǹæ𣿡
æʲôü
Ը˵

û˵ԸҪ˵ʲôѰǰȫɳϡ
ǵѹ˵ͬݺ
϶ָͣ¶һԼĴȥס˵ڵĻǻԽԽĪڳһɿС˿ָоͦ-ԼȥֺȥץСĴ˽ǼϵĻƿմƿµµȦرߣˮεδʪһƬ





65.     ˵ģһҪء


ˮһһ˳µ, ľʵذϡ
ʪĺۼŻ껺
ʮ¥ĸ߿Ҷȴŵһ̱޷Ŵ󡣷ҹιˡԶС·żһѷɳ۶ϵ
Ĥ, ǧ硣

಻ϵ
һ, ¡ǻ
ؿؿڣһʱ֮侹ֲ嵽˭ġ

Щ, ǳչԼ, һȾܾٹͷѰϿʱƵĲȥ, Ȳ๴סɾԭء
ʩչ, üֱԸʲôôˡ
˭˵ΪԸ硣 ټﲻ, Ϊ

Ѱֻһ𡣡
, Ҳ뵱ٷȰ, 治ȥμӰ佱
ȥ

첲ǰ, ôѽ
Ҳԡ˵ɨһ, -ɵؽӵ, 㣬ɵ㣬ˡ
һж, 𾪣Ѱֺ˵ʲô
ûʲôЦма, 㿪һȭ, ̫ࡣ

һȭҹȥ, αȽס
ְסģȻЦɫ˵˾ġ
ٿغ͸, һαϷ˳ס
ոڶߣ˵㣬ôǲŪر

***

ų죬ڷɻϻڼͬϧĳˡôģٰû
ϣȹס䣬ü治ң
ٵ
С˸Ĵָ˵˵㹻ݡ

ٱ˸찵زŵɡ
ſϢȣһٵϲϷɻôôճˡ
ߡ˵
ÿ춼绰𣿡һ͸򡣡

Ѱ˵㻰
٣㻰
У߰ɡ˫ۣɵ˵ùң󵨵ߡ

һأطꡣ
죺Ҳԣڻƭˡ
ĶƭˡѰ治Ĳ˵𡣡

񻹡û֤
ã̹̹üۼ仹йɵ˳ѵķ̾˿İ佱ô졣
ֻϻ˼£

ӲĶƵ
һپ֪¼¼Ƶģλεĸǽ㿪Ƶٹ

Ѱ˼ɫ£ͷüմˮ˼£¶ͷ˾ǿƣ˼Ҳޱ߷ݣޱ߷ϵ˧硣ֻ˧绹˿֣ĺɫ
˫ֽմϥϣ΢΢ǰ㡣
ͷ룬ڣл췽лˡܿġţû˵ģ

Ǽľ׷Χ̧֡
ָͻȻĻžһ£Ļˡ

ͣ⣿
پò˼飺ǰ¼õĻ񽱸𣿡
⣿ʡ
ǡ֯ԣ佱¶ʵ̫˽⡣ǵиСŷ͵ô֮ǰǶѾ֪˭ˣ

Ѱѵ˼һȤҰԸ磿
ٿ飬ȷӦҲ֪˵Щί񣬡ô¼ôǲеǷһ
һûýأƵôš
С㡢ôԤĽأ

ѰźƵͬĺɫ£һûһָ涵ñԸˣûһһ飬顣
٣
ŶûˡԭǹҶô

͸뷨
ĵĲ֪ôʹ˼ѰG-㣬Ц£ӵƵƵ˵İɣ㡣ЩֻҪڣͷȥ

ǵǸӵؿһۣģôû𣿡
룬ظС
ϴ
ǰ죬㴷ˡǵãѰζһ䣬ȫݴ졣

쵽ôֵġ
ʱʵѾ˼ֻԼһڿݾһһǣݾͿʼˮԴԴβ롣˵Ļһһ󵨡뱻ﶼͬ裬ù쳣鿪ĿҲȻϵ˻ȥ

ǻ۾ˣֱôˡ
ƲƲ죺Ҫˡ
˻һӸµؿ
һҪ衣С
ôˡ

ոյڴ˲ͻȻѡ
ƻǿ
Ҫ

˵ġٵͷĿϵ˺ᣬƽһҪء
һ̣ѰӶȥݡ
£˼£ҧгݣ𡣡

ʱȫݴ򣬾ͻڼǳ
ٱΧֶŵˡֻ۾ȥôһ΢ĳıԱ¶ţַŵףʴʣһڽֻ
Ǿ͵ʱ˵ɡۣƫͷסѾεĶڿʼ׼˵Ҫˡ

ۣй
£Ȼ󾱺һֱֱۡ۵ɢɢ˵У˯ɡҿԺҲûʲô˯ˡ

С˵ʲôʲô
յŷ޵ʱļ죬һ̶û˯ã״̬ήҡе֣ʦȥһʺء
ϲ˯˸

ܰȻ˯ţ˿ǼѰ
Ӱ쵽ٵ״̬ⶩ˸֮ľƵꡣ˵˯ţֺ޲ͬһҾƵꡣ
ҹȥţ̣ٲлȥ
һΪٶԳӰ˽Ĵϵҽ

˼͵֪οֱԼˣԼвˣ
Gǲ
˼ͣŶԭﻹİǣɥõòˡȻڿСɵơ
˼ͣɰ
ɰûȥʾѲǶԷĺѡ

һɰСɵѡ
G㵽ϲʶҽ
˼ͱľ۷
˼ͣڸȥң˰ɡ
G

Ѱҽļȥ٣شһһۣû쳣ٺ֣ʦʺá

ݵһŶĻĿĻʽ
άҲɡжҪԶ
ٻָ״̬˶˿±ݻûʼΪҹߵŲȥˡ

磬һʱһ̡
ȥױ仯ױĹ򣬻ʦ߶
νӵķǵԼҪպã⣬⣬⣬⼸鼡Ҫ˦ȥУҸ㽲һӦ
ʱ΢һ飬̫ۣСкü֧ıݣϡѹϷںͷأ֪
У̬ûʲôɣϢ˻ָˣ

ѵ˯˸þãţûʲô⡣
ʦͷУһݳһ顣

ݳףҲζӿĻҪȺ裬һ裬м任ױ·ʱǳա
·󣬷ʦһڻױ¼ϡ
·¶òǰţֱӴ˵һҪõݳ

̨æңܶʱȫ
ȥ̨ߵһλõʱɿӯӯ
ͬһļӯӯ߹Ϊ֮ǰǼ£ûôӯӯ󣬲ƽʱ˵Цӣɫ

ʱ˾䣺ˣ
ӯӯû뵽ٻ˵һ˲죬漴Ƶĵͷղꡣ
٣ţҹȥˡ
ӯӯ죬˵ʲôֹ

ˡ
ӯӯʼմۣü
ڼʱǰ״̬ôˣĲɵġ
ӯӯû˵

ֵôȥ컹ô㵱裿
ѵӯӯ´СŶ֪ˡ

ҪߣӯӯͻȻסʣһֱŵĻһ𣿡
˸ÿࡣ
ٿ˵û˭Զڶϡҳû취㱣֤춥ϵ㡣
ƾԼƾʵ˵

ӯӯһû˵
ʲôƵƿ˺̨

һֱҪ̨ٲһο
ƵͻȻײųױ䣬ֱ¼Ӷȥ

ٺͻױʦһױʦļǣӯӯ㻹أһֵˣϽȥ׼
ϡӯӯٿýӽ
ˢһҪݳҰ졣

ɻȥһͨң󿴵·Ҽвȡһöϸͼͼͼָ֮䣬ױ׳磬ڽϴһɫ⡣
ʦһôͼݳҶüˣܳ⡣

ȽŲңڴһϽ׼
ӯӯɫҧºûʱ˵ˣ·ʱɿһԲ𣬻ٸ͡

Բ𼸸Ѿ˭ɵġ
ңһӲ֪ôڡô̵ʱڣ֪Ⱥ¡ӯӯűߣ΢١
ŤͷҴææ˵һӮ㡣

֨ѽһŴ򿪣ſͽһƬӰ
Ӱӣʦ֮Уʣô
ȵȰɡƳöСͼټһ·ʣµĵ˵





66. []    һԡ


ʦͬһ, ݳ˺ü飬ȷû⡣ղöͼǶڼвӯӯԼ, ѹ֪
أٲ

̨֪һʱΪ, ͼվ·Ҽ硣̨ϲֳܱһ˿һ
ٻʲһ, ͻΪҼĴʹǰǼ¡һöͼǡ, Ȼ˲顣
ʹһֱ, Ҽ綼һҵ˰̡˰̻αгΪĿϵһ, þ޷γ

ԣͷлӯӯ
Ĭ, ԼԶûô

ȻǸͨ, ôȻƽ, ҲԼϲŭա¹Ǫֻ̇̄Ҫһ뵽ԼΪһöССͼȻ˳, ͷ·ˮ, һһϮ, ϡ
ͷʦ˵Լ
Ϊ¹شûôֻݻ顣

һݲʮӣں̨ɫ-糱ؿ, ܿ졣
Щֻ

٣ǰ
G
GҪȥ̨
٣û, ͻȻĶ

Ǳ˺һ, ֱ򣺡òŰ, 㡿
٣ôᣬҶôೡˡ
Gϲ̨£ǵһΡ
٣˭ϲ, 졿
G˭˭ϲ

ٱ˵ƿԣԼȷϢģǳˣش֣ôúÿݣ˼ڵֻܲذ

糡
ͷΪý̨Ƶ϶һ΢⡣컹û٣һ֪Լ촩ʽɫװ׳£ƤЬһ˿

ǵڶΪʽ
һΪҪԼᣬ顣ڶȴʵʵڵģѾҪˡװڰ佱ĺ̺Ҳ˿ͻأ

ʱװ׾ʹڱϣסֻ΢׹⡣΢΢ǰͣעֻϢǺӣ͵òԼ
ָ¶˶˹ػأ۾ڿǶһ̨۾Ķ̨ϣأ

ٻ˸ı飺ܵܣϲŶ鶼ˡ
ַ˺ü飬ﴽ
GţúҲϲ㡿

ĻϨûӣ̨ҲϨ𡣡
Ʒ᣺صش׹̨ϣƹ̨ǿ̣ˡ׷ƾϣ΢ƺŵĽδȫѣɢصĶ֮

֧¹˯
Ѱǲˡ
֪ҪϳȻằŵĻˡ

ǰţǰһ̨Ŀ϶ż
մĹ⣬ڰɵ̨¿ϵϸСëë΢΢̧۽ƵˮҲҫ۵Ĺ⡣˵˿⸱ôģ˯޹ֻұժؼңҹҹСĿ
֮⣬⾪޵ĺˡ

ȻôССĲͷֲȥ
Լſĸα˿ȥһ㡣
Ƿɴ׺ˬ

һ֧꣬׶͵ѹ˴ֻʣ˽üۼǵ͸¶װףÿ𣬿͹ˣҵġ

ʲôȨӰıݡ
˼ûȥֻ̽һߵĿ㶵ָ˸ӣ档

̨ǾȻ򣬺̨ȴһһһæҡ
ڷװʦİѸٻһݳȻ֮ǰϸϸؼһȷ

ʦϵñϵĴӣָ¶ļ米һۡ
ղŵһѾ˵㺹ִֻ֮ܲٴ۷һ򣬼ůƵϸ巢⡣

ȥױʱһ䣺ӯӯǳô
ӯӯϳʱڼæ׼ûʱۿ

ױʦæдȣ룺Ȳʱ״̬ãû£ȫˡ
ٵͷǼ±˵ˣһᵥ콲
á¹شʦҲ¡

ܿӭ漸ݡ
һʱ˶Ѿ˰ֻʣٻһ֧δꡣ
æǰ棬ע˵Ǽ㡣

οҲĻ
Ӧ֮׵һ
콻ܷģļ磺һףչ١
ãллʦ

ǼݳǼϵĵƵɫŮ·ĽճȹҡҷĻߣ˵ڶĻ˼£ĻīƵȹϡ
ô޾׵ݳҪΪŵĵһܱʡ
ٳ˿ͷҡ

Զ̨ڴվ˸ˡ
ԶʱĿȻϡŲԶ̨ĵƹ⣬˵˵ʲô
ûʲôӯӯһݳûжױվ⿴Щ

ǰ̨ѾĻ
ڶӢıĻʱѾߵͨڣһۣӰǵӰ˵ӯӯϣԺվڿ·ĵط

ʵô£ⳡݿʼ֮ǰѾˡ
ӯӯ˼ûǱ޹޹طŹ

ʱٲŷԼƽֻǼĵȻʱڵĺڰ׷ûʲôҲûдκʵ˺˾ˡ룬µĵһ
ֻ˽¸֪졣

ֱӹšУȻ֪ôҲ֪ԺôǿŵĹʵ鷢
ԼΪֹˡ
ҪԶԼģα̸ǵġ

׷ҫڴ
վڵƹԵ˿żһᣬӯ˽ȥ

ֻʣһյƹ⣬յβ׷ͬһӰԾһȴ͵ֵĹӰ
ȹÿ趯һ֣߱չޱչʾ棬һӰ׷ⳡ׷˵Ŀ⣬̨µ˼㼯һʱʱ˴Լ
һ֧δŵؾ̫̾ˡ

ٻź󷢻õһ
жֹǼ䣬ҫĿĹþԼ

һ֧ŵ辪ͣȫơ
żм̾϶
ǸƯŵĹٲϿ
ǣҲȿ˲Ŀӣû뵽ôáҴûôʵıݡǾ仰ô˵ţȫĹ屦㿴Щ⣬Ҳ֪ûҲǻС߻ô

̽ͷ˵ѧģѧ
ɶǣеġ
Ѱɨȥ򴽡

Բ̫ͣÿˣһлĻʱҪȥǸա֪Ӱ
ֵܣҸһȥܸŮ˵仰Ҳ

Ѱ޿̣žһķȥ
αϣǰһ쵲סȥ·̬ɢģ˵Ļȴ˪˵Ľ㣬һ˵ġ
˾ȵĿУݺĥĥУ׼㡣

ǼѰ̫ǣһǮүĴ磬˻ûǰԼлĻһյ̨ȥ
ͷԣ㿴ҿ㡣
˭
֪ԼȥҪհǻס˰ɣ
˻ߣҲȥ

̨һţ˳һǸ̨ܽ
ղŲиеĽ𣿡һ˵һװͰ͵Ǹ
Ŷ˵չٵһԱǼһ

żŵĳ˴ʱѾν˻ױ䡣
ٵĳ࣬ҪĶҲ࣬һԼС䡣ʱŴ󳨣ΧһȺŵĹǡſߴߴ˵αرãʿɸˣѲݵĿź졣
ҲȥţͿǽһ
ֱ͵ػͷֺһˣСһgeneʦô⣡

һɤӰ˶ͷ
ڼļ￴ģһĨӰǰ׳ϴһڶһ̧׾ײˡҪ˶һͷվȺ˭ס

ˢһɢ
ϾղŻôˣȶȻڡٷ·Ƥӵ£мֲڡڻױ￴Լ΢ҵ޷£һ£ʣʲôʱġ
ղšѰ

Ķôճˣһ̨ꡣ
̲סβǡҽú𣿡
áѰ߽һŴ״Ǽ·ֻڶָܿ޳
ȷˣٴһЩҲ˧ġ

ѰЩģͷ˧
ͺ˧ƽʱҪ˧ô㡣

Ůˮִƽʱ·͸Ů·Ƶġ
Ѱͷ̫ͣѨ˸ꡣ
ԳһǰҴӿ㶵ǰһ̯ġ

Ŷһö˿СС
۵ײ˲˲ʽװ糹׶ˡ
Щ⧲Ǹǣǲе죿
ͦ졣ѰغЦһҪýӣѸðĶ˵ˡ

˵ö֮ʼһŦۡ
æס֣Ŀ֣˭ѧġ
ѧɲšҷÿʱ򣬽㶼һ㡣

ѰˡֻҪһͻŷӺ塣
¾ǡ
ٴ̧ģҪҪҪҶˡ
Ҫ

ٴúܿ죬ɿ˿޺С
һ򿪣öԲε׹˵ǵ׹ΪԲϻӣָʯ

ٸֲ˲ö׹ʣ
Ϊʲôʡ
ۣµʲôӡһ֪ˡ

ǻǷĴ׾
Цеʯ׹Լǰ˱ȣϾأҾܻӭɣ

˵ĿɶǴʵղŵСߣ̲ס̫̾˧ˣӽ˧ˣš

˵ҪӸǺţԼء

ôһʣʵλȴ
Ƕ˶ָڳϣһţ߽⿪ȥұߣֽӶšƵƤһ㱩¶ڿС
棬ܲҪس˳ڣͷ
һ£ﶼԡ

׸ûаҪ
ٱԼǺ£ؿԲֹ
һ߿ȣһ߻룬ÿ˽ǣһߵƾͻᱻһӱѰСƵĺۼÿǲظ˵ϰ̫ˡҪģۼ

ں̨ҪԼӡ
ٵƤĶܵеùȵİΰҪɤˡɿȼ϶żѵ˵һ仰Ѱ㡭Ƥȿȿ߯񡣡

¶ֻҪؾȫת
칦ٺ˵ġطʱ򣬼ѰҲš

ټƣԭ˾ƲŸŵġ
һأѰžһ±Űϡ־ǲС߰űڽţžȥ졣˰ЩԺ˵ӽû

Ѱ̫Ѩֱһʱ֪˵Ŀӻġ
ɬش𣺡û
Ⱑ촽˶˵Ҫӡô

УԵó׵ס
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