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ĳ𿴿ɣ᡿
ַԼˡũӵ׸Ķ񶾷ɣŮװ֡
֮ʣԭѾΣƶ֮ʱĶ̯ˡ
صĶ͵˵ߣֻ֣㽻ѣ
-
ǰɵֺ֮䣬¶ģҵҵСܣǡ

ҾƶǮ
𣺡ĳʳ֮ʳ

ҪμӸԵƽ
𣺡ӲĳֻԼ

Ŵܴλֺã߾飬Ͻ·ȥӰɡ

ǵװףϺױװԼǸŲŲĴҹ֮ʱͷñ״Ԫ
ʱصдټĲ֣ԸΪޣ
-
ֹѧͷŮ x Ҳ
1v1ģHE
ɰԵ׸Ӷ񶾷ɵ׸ˡҺ״ԪɵͬƾĺڻҳļӡȮǷʲô

ݱǩ ǰ Խʱ Ůװ 

ؼ֣ǣ֣  ǣרҺ̸[]Ԥ   

һ仰飺Ұֵͬܣȴ͵͵ϲ 

⣺ηδ֪ˡ 


1.  ̯   ֻ㽻ѣ

ͷʹ
ҰһƬڡ
߽ﲻĽд˷ĺ

ʲô
˭

ү
ү㻹𣿡

գգۣǰڳ˻档

ڵϣ³һľͷӣеѪ
бҺ廬ա
̧ȥǺɫѪҺ

ûһԾи˲Լǣүū㺰
Լ̬һ䣬Ƕһ˵С飬Ȼ˵Ҽүһǵð̯ˣ

ִʱڿ˴һɫѣ͵ӾЩС˴ûʲôͬ
ٵͷԼһɫ˿Ʋ٣ֻ۾Щ˸ͷۡ

һ䵭𣺡컯աǬ񣬾Ͳĳ𣿡

秵ĶԻԼǴ

С˵һС̯ӣʲôµġǸңȥðǼүǻҪȥ˭Բ˶ߣ
мˡ

̯
Ҷ̯
ĳ

ⲻڿǱũӵ׸

Ϊƶױɹĸ󣬿Ϊ
ÿĸ׸ɻ͵͵ﵽѧѧϰ

ⱾȷʵиԼͬͬգҲֵĽɫ
Ǹɰ
һʼͿ˳ۣҵ̯ˣеĶ飬ĩ˻Ǹ

찡

˲ˡ

ס֣

һСȻǱһסͣסֿ֪ԼǷҪʲôԸ
վֿһصѩ׵Ķûһá

·𿴼Լе˹켣ҲˤɶһһһģѪһء
˸ǰʮҵк𣿡

кͲȴ٣ŸʿҲη壬һ
к߻λˣǸӰ𪣬ü䣬ȻܿȻ֮ºۼʩ죬һؾʡûǰ£ֱּҪ̾һ䣺ֱԭġʩ
ȴۣధǰļ˷ŹС̯ӣĸһ·

ᣬֶΪ֮ݡ

ҺãԼĻ١
ֻǰҵĶˣľͷ̯ӻûʼҡŹ֣

ѾеԼδǰһ㣬һƬͷϵ˿ڻʹʲôܾȻԼ

ԼүҪ˿ڣ֪ϽֱֹĵүżūͰСѺȥ٣

ʲôͷѣԭƺԭէԭأѡ˭֪ƢĮԸ⡣ԭСǧ賤ܵȥ̯ӡ

һѣԴĵͷѪġȻȺС˾ͽѺȥ١˭֪ȴͻȻʶĲηǿȨһĻᣬӴϿƾ֮·һɳ졣ɱɱֵ·СǸֱӾͱˡ

뵽סŬվֱ

岻˾꣬ʮһͷԲ͵˹ȥֻ֣㽻ѣҷŲһʱ֣û£ˣ

ĳɲ֣ٱ١ԭغӣĳһ죡

⻰ָţɲ˺֮ͺǾǳ˵ˡҲˣС˸ϽǮǸ磬ҲǹġֻǱ𷣣鲻ãˡ

֪ʯĳһᱻ⻰򶯡˵֮˫ۺȥףλ̣Բһġ̱

СɰƤ𪣬Բ˫ڣһСͯ˼˶ϲ֡

ֻ֮ǰЩ̫񶾣ҪԼ̯ӣʧ˺øСͻȻ̬ȣ׶ԴжмִȰֵ˼⳥ҲִֻϢˣ˵ˡ

ôֹȻвʵģȻᱻǺޣ̣û˵ֻ͸ʶһĲԣˣԭҺòѽ

Ͽң۾ʢ˿

ϾֻǸʮĺӣԸ̬ύҲֻܾǳʼʵ̫裬·ʩһѯԼִ

һɾţֱһһ硱ţһ˰ʧֱ۵ĺģĿİͰ͵ǡǱˡ

ã磬ҽֺ֣ġ֡Խѽû뵽½ô򵥣һϽָСǰæ̯֧ãְ˸ĥ󶹣

һԵ֪ʵ̲סˣСͻȻתȻ֪ΪʲôȻĿǰиҪ¶ҪүϻѪأٲ򣬷ū˰

ˣճδһߵĽŸУԼͷϻˡôһֻԴʹˡ

ʱҲЩڣԼȻŪֻһʱߣҲû뵽˺ԷʱһѪӰ£ĵ˸һ״һ㣬ľǣЩ¡

Ҳ֪øϽȥˣԺ󻹵Լãһ˰̣ԼҲԸ⡣ֵĺʲô⣬һֻֽһͺ£磬Һ¿򰡣һȥ𣿡

ЩԥǷӦ׼ˣһͬɵģλȥһ˰ɡ
øࡣ⳥Ҳ޷ټ̯ˡͯƣ۸ԣͼΪϲȻЩϲŭ֮ãδҲкô

Լ׶ˣҲٳɣȥҽݡ

Ǵһѣ׺ӣֵԴʵССͣ˲ġôֵã

˵Ƶײģȴˣҷ̰棬СĿĵˡɰҿǧѽ

û뵽˻Լ¹Щȣ⻰ȴˡ

ǴƣҲȻѪ˲٣ûУֹѪЩҩٽЩעǻˡ

һɫˣҲòֿ

֣磬ѽ

߳ôֻйѸ󣬴δ׽ȻӣȴҲЩӦá



صԼУˣһԼԱ

ⷴɳִ࣬һʼҶ̯˳һʶĻ֮⣬ʣԺƱˡٺȡ״Ԫ֮󣬱ˡ

ⷴɾȻŮװ

ԴҲû뵽ԭһ㣬벻˰ɣҲʲôҪ¡

ǰĸǣҪɱҡϷɵĵ·Ǳȣȥ꺮ůСܡ

ȻһֱʾãֻΪ˲ˡʱѾԼС

ԭҾԣڽһ׸ˣ⳯ũ̡˵λߣΨ顢ƾ١ȡƽƣ˾νġıˡȡܽǼҴѹõ

̯ӵΣѾ⣬˼ȷδʵȨʱ֮£ҪǺã

ڻֻǸʮ꺢ӣǰһȥЩƧ˹֮ܽأҲȫܵġ

ԼҪ
Ϊ˻ûֵĺҪȥһŵδ
οڶҲδ

ָоͷʹ˵Ĵϣ˯˹ȥ





2.     ʼ׿

һСУʮͯÿжž飬涢֡

ƣġһλž飬Žߣšǧġ
ơġһȺҡͷԣ

ӯ꾣š
ӯ꾡š

ΪһѾʮĸѧʱ켣һȺʮ֮һ飬Щѹ

øеֵģԭΪ׸֮ŮοŮװֻЩµط

컹ʱ֪ࡣ

ԭԭڼ֮ʱƢúܣϷߣֵüլȴ֪ΪΣͻȻһѰҩҽҩݶβáֱ״ȥʦָ˵ԭӹ̫ŮװѹѹܴӹŹϾȻﱾҲţ˭֪װһ磬Ӿ˴롣

ΪԭƫԶŮװ֮²ױ¶һҲ״סŰ˼ڴ˴˸լӣӣ˳ѧ飬顣

뵽ѧϰ̾ȴ˷ӵעӡ

֣֪ơԺδ

ϣʲôǱȿСץҪѧµأ˼죬ΡΡվ洦֣ǡǳԡǧġ

ӦĵĽôЦ

һӲɽ̡ı飺޲ɼұ˵ơԡ׾Сػơ׾롶顷ϢϢأȽǰȥƱҪһѧˡ

ְһ˵꣬ѾƮ⣬ˡ

ȵȣ
˲

ǶикϯضŸ֦һĶ֪ڱȻЩʲô

֪ÿ׳̯ûѧñ͵͵ѧ
кȻ˾ƶ࣬ÑȴϽŬѧԼΪδһᷢԼʹࣿ

ܹС飬ѣҲһֳ·

ôţ˿μ䣬ҵӣѧ˵ӵĹ£֪Դô

ʵϣλӵÑԭͥ˵һǮԼǮÑҲްֻΣǵӵ̬ȣҲýֵò䡣

⻰ҲǴӺε֪һûȰѧ֣֪ҾɼӳƶȴҲһѧʴӱûķϰ

û뵽»˵Լﻢ£ֻôӦѧáͷ׶̹ɣȡùŲһƬģ
־Ͻ˵£ָָ⣺λ̨ѧÿռǰӽΣνӰôѧϰӣɲܵ˰

Ȼӱ¡ţȴʮǲ֮ꡣ֪Լƾ;ˣֻ̳ܽѧȡҲˡ
ʱ֪ϽѧӣǺ޲õܼѯʡһǡ

𷽲ע⵽ѧָ֮ΪڽҷԼ͵ѧ֮£вȻܵñӻ죬ȵֳȥѰ֮ʱˡֻǼ֦ɳ֮дµְˡ

ûˣ˶ЩʧɺĿҪϣĲɣǻȥһ졣

ѧʱ֪ȻδҲ֪ʲôȥˡ

ʱֵʢģʱͷҵʱͷվסֲȥ߶ֻߵλѧú󷽵һƬеȴľïʢúܡ֮ʣȴرһ˹ȥ

г̶һֻס졣
ַֻɫ𪣬ȴŲټӣĥ۵Ĵۡ

ӯӯˮȻУ˫һգͬˮᲨһ㣬峺͸

ʯ纮̶ʯ

˲ȥЩϤæͷ

סڱǵڷſתӣԷȻ

ʲôȴԼ˫Ȼˣ̫󣬴̼Էò¶ģҪӴ˺úñȣþһѵȥ˰컹

үԼʲôɫһͬϣֻҰ޵һ㣬ӱ䣬ɵô˸

ôһţַ侲ˡϾСǰҲʮˣѵɣ

磬лú˵Ŭ𴽽ǣҪһѺõЦݡ

㣬޻˵

ץֱȴ˳ŶԷ⣺磬֮϶Щᡭ
뵽ԼԷֿǰŵҪȥĪΪԼΥԼˡϽ͵磬ҽȥģǱѧãŷѧȥ

ȴŭԼǰҫԼҪ͵͵ӽΣȴܱ˱ȥ顣

ү
ү

Զ֪ԼѧȴûˣΧš

ɫ˼֣һֱԼеһƵϡ

ֲľ֮ãЩɳֱͽϸƤ⣬Ȼһˤ£ǾԼ·שͷһ㣬β׵ۣӿۿʹת

ŭ̧ͷݺݵضǰˣҪźݻ
һӰģʱӯڽޣǽ˼֣

ͷϻŰײҲԼɵġ
˫ӣĺͣһ˲ŭԾռϷ磬ֿڣүҾ߲ʡҲĪҪĳһ㡣

仰ƮƮģǰ漸ƺԵƽе٣ֶȴһЩ
˵⻰ת뿪ͬһ㣬úܴ·ܿ졣

ִԭػһᣬž߳ȥ

֪ѾһȦͷɹɫͨ죬ͷ󺹡ҲұԹʲôʾСȥĶ˶ҡ

Ŀⴥ֮ϵʧɫС㣡ǺΪ

ûлصŷһ仰ԼҰﰡ

գǶԼģǶͺôôԼǿ˼һ㣿

뵽̲סֲһ¡

һ쵽ʱ䷢ʲôܲΪԼȰΪͽˣ
ԭкҲʦһλķӰ

մϵļƬҶüͷʾ֭ҲûΪ̬ȡ



ͷصУȴ˸벻ˡ
λÿնȥ͵ѧĽεӾԺС

ϾֻǸʮĺͯЩңȴŬ
ֹȻҷԼ͵ѧ֮£Ƿ֣ԼҲֻŬԭˡ

鷢չδ룬Ԥе𱸲δ¡

һͰˣȥ𣿡
ǰûܵλӡǷѧѯ˼λѧӣִһС

΢΢ȭ񣺡ǡ̬ȼ˷ӣȴʮֹԳƵǫ

˳˳룺ʼ׿𡯣֡Ǻʱҽѧģ

Ѱࡣ

ˣСӻһ䡮

ͷԼ͵ѧ꣬ȴδÑֻųӵŭȴôһ仰

˼룬̶ϲӣӡӵ˼ǡ


ɫ΢棬ϴЦ⣺㻹öл֣û뵽ƽﲻѧȴá͵ѧһ

ԣɫ˵

ס

˾ȻڽҷԼڰԼ
ɷԼֽŪˡ

һݣţȴ֪ԼȥδѰˡ
εػ˼С






3.  ժҶ   ֡ܣ֮ĳ


ѧֺģͬÿ峿һ㡣

Ŵ⣬ȴ£Լ̬ȷʵ޷ת䣬ҲֻΪǿΣնɱҡˡ

ƽﶼѧˣȴ٣󾹻˸ˡ

ջͶĿ⣬ϡ


ȻӰ֮ģȻѺѧ֮˶̵𣬱ѾԤϡ

𣬴ӽҪһͬѧˡ

λ㰲ߣȥѧֻδͬҲûжλˡ

֣ĻΣƽȫûƳһĮԼǲˡ

ڽ̵ǧġأҹΪ뵽ҹ˯ţʱֻƤأҪ˯ȥ

Ƴ
Ƴ

ҵ޾
ҵ޾

֣

Լ֣Դһ㣬˲ѹ

ӹȻվǰнŽߣһҪˣ֣ѧ仰ʲô˼

仰䰡
͵͵ߵղѧδ飬ǹһġ

޳ָͷڷŷӴŶ仰ϣˡ

ڡƳҵ޾̽˵ɫŷѧֻ֪ԼӲ²⡣˻Լ˵ҵѧ£ʼգΨˣ֪ѧֹĵ

ӵͷաڡ

ǺŪȥˡ
Ե죬ûͨԷڶԼǸʲô̬ȡ

ſڣ־ֺѧϽ֪ӣƲϲϿʱ˵Сֱҳˡ

ûע⵽ǣĿһֱĶϣ͵ѧ꣬ǧġѹ죬̫ȥˣԴײţܿ·ŵҩ

˻Լ
ӣҲ֪ʹʹ

׷ѧֻϽߣٺȥ˵ԼⷴҪˡ

û뵽ȴס֡ܣ֮ĳˣǸ
˵ŻҾ

ⷢչЩˡ

ָʲô£ɲҺˣǿЩס

ǰ硱ٽУвʣЩ˼ĳΪΪҪҡ

ôһ˵ֶˡָӿ߷˺ѧͦԶȻûǶԻ뵽ԼǹŰ˾ΪԼǸ߷͵ѧأ
ְ֮

ֱһˣ˵ɲ𣿸е۵β׵ǣˣ˵

֪ͷٶԡ

˭أԼô죿˲ˣֻЦԭ
ŬһЦ˵ﻰô㣿Ϊˣѹһأ

ã˴㣬ֻշļƻˡ

һˤҲǺãǸ⾡СԺͷƬеֵ

ҳȡƬҶƬҶ·ȫԵϲȴϡ賤žݣ˼ʮر˫ľҶӡ

Ҷͨȴдá뵽Ϊ֮ʱ뷨ֻǱΪ˽ƻʧܰˡ

Ȼ̬Ѿı䣬Ҳ֮ܽˡ

ǣ֣ƬС

ϤĵطˣվֱӵǰֵڼǺĳǱֵƻɡ

˼룬ˣЦʲôأû

˵꣬°ڲУȴ⡣һƬҶӣߵӻ֣㿴ǲǸղҸ㿴Ƭһģһ

һƬҶкֵע⣬ľïҶϾ˴ԱѧãЩ׵ĺͯżڴ˴֣ժЩҶҲʮֳ

Ȼ֪Է⻰ΪζʣӦ

óʮϲ£ǵһֵܣʲô

էڶߵĻһһɣѶҪ䵽ϡ·ӣҾԣһһ㣬һҲ£ˬһЩοʮ꣬ʱҲһƽ±¶ԱҲúˣָһƬľԣժҶӡ
˵ձԼժժµҶƬµ֮С

һԿһᣬһ㣬˷ѹɿֶȵQ̲סժҶĶȥ

䱡ȴС
Ϧ֮ʣ

ȵĹ͸ּķ϶ڶϣǶһ⡣

δҶƬʲôǰЩĹۣȷʵǽĹӸ磬Լһֱ⡣

ɫ磬ּȻûйµĳ̫飬ԭҲ鷳һؼҡ

ļЩƫƧþŤŤСҲʻȥ

˳ӲҪ˵ſڲſ뿪־ߡֲָֻ·

խУǰߣĴŶԷϸļ˽ӴЩʣֻñŤˡ
ֹǰɿ֣֪ΪΣųݼ䣬޷ſڡ

͵ſڣŽһֱŵҶУ磬ҶӿǱأ㱣ܺãǷѧһð

˵ӻ֣ת뿪

˵ıӰбǰҶ룬˿ʵص·Ȼ˵ϸ塣

صУֽϹܼңԼǸŮ֪ˡ

ԭƢȴҲ֮ˡͻҲЩ߹йأ˲֪ˣ͵ˣ˵ֳʲô¶ˣ簲˻լȥ

²ͻȻģҹ˼ãŮʱԭ˵ǿųģԼȻ䣬ܺŪ˵ǻ˸ɽദˣ¶ڣǳ绻һ˵ĺá

գٴ˯бѣùǰȥѧãҹѺ׼õĲľҡ

磡񣬴һĴͷͯóĺѽ

ֵҲǡѾʼϰѧݣδпαȫƾľдʲô

գգӨ۾һֱڱ˫ó㿴͸ģˣ˵оͱдóƶĸӶ˿άѧÑ𡣾ƾÿմŵЩֲѣ϶īֽġȥΪѡķı˳㻹˼ǧġ顷徭
Ʒþ鼮ո£Ͷţ·

ⶫԼڲͣҲǱͣռȻסԼĺá

ķӦȷʵϡɫ΢΢Ǻ죬Щŭֵʲôջȥ

ֱŪˣǺѧѵǲϲЩ磬㲻ϲīҼһֵģҸ㻻һ

𲢷ǲҪЩƢ԰Ҫ֮οЩʲ㰺ѣִصԱѽֵѣʱȴ֣ͬѧʵ˴֮ǵ

ԼΪ˰Լڷ˵˻

뷨вʣȴֲǰ˷ֻȥŴһԡ






4.  ɶ   绨ƶ

ֲ֪˵룬Ĭڶ֮С

һķϣʱʱҪעһѯǷв֮һҲûʡ
ֵС

ô˷ѧгɣ֪οڡ
ԼҪһͬȥңɽ״ȻЩԡ֪ԼЩķıôǵķСü˼ţûע⵽ʼעĿ⡣

ѧӶףʱѾˣӶΪЩ£Ȼ뿪
ѧֻʣˡ

վſȥְ಻ס硣

Էһ٣ͣ˽Ų

һѶʰУ׷ȥ磬ǲǲ̫ˣ

Ĭ˰ΣıſûС

ֲǸòԹɫˣȻѾ˵ûУǾǲ׼⣬Ӳ룺һؼҰɣղǺ͸˵Ҫɶ𣿡
˵ȥǣ֡

֪򷢻լˣʱ°ŵŮû͵ҲҪʱʱ̿չˡšʱֻгȴŽѧ

û˵ѧԵЩ壬ձ֮⣬ˬķ紵½ǡ

ȥ



ļҲ󣬵ȴиСԺӡƽʱҪԺеʯĥĥƶ

ԺӽӰУһŮϴժµҶƬ
ֽ¶źƵֱۡ۵ָڸմľˮУ΢졣

ŸտĹˮǰ߳ע⵽ˡеĺһԣ߹ȥֵĻƣȥЪᡣ

ҲЩˡûʲôػۻʱϴ˼ƬҶӣоᱳʹġȻ׼ֺģʵ㣬СضԷҲ⡣

̨ϣ°ͣĿˮ֮е˫ϡ

ʮָҶƬϣ֮𣬴ظһһ㡣
ָڷǸʮ꺢ӵ֡

뵽ǣʱԷеĺʱĥķۡԺеʯĥɵЩ²⣬ж˼ϧ

ĿУʡ
Ҫκ˶ۡ
ǰ˻δµ䣬ͷ΢ʲôҲû˵

Ҷֿ࣬죬һϴˡ

ʲôˮɣʵ
ȻԼЩ֣ûаȥ֧̯Ҳûȥ͵ѧѧһѧҵ֮ԼĻڼ̽·һϦ֮˸Ʊȡ
Լһ˾ĺӵָӣЩĪľٶ

Цӯӯදֵʮ飬οչʾԼԽֵĺûᣬģһҪá
ղűһԵˮˮտûŶã¶ȲͣǺڱ㡰ؽһָⱻˡ

ŴĺȻȣ
ʵǵЩ¡

һֱעʱϽҨưˮ־Ϳʼϴ
ɫ棬ưֵָⷢûд󰭣ſѵͲҪ

գգۣӦ죬Ǻ㽫ָջˣֻǽеñȽϲһ㣬ʵûжʹչȥ磬ǲǹѽ

һͻȻûӦ
Ӥʵʢĵչ±ɹúϸԼСʱյüڵͫз·ӳԼݡ

ס룬΢΢ӣЩ룬Ӳĳүˣĳ鷳

ֻŲ͵Լĺ˼룬⻰ȴΪԼ̯ӵ»ǺţЩѾܽˣÿԳơĳʱǲ̫õġ

Ǹ֪ѾһˡʶԷ֪֪˭жε뷨תƻ⣬˵¡
ָָҶӣˮȥȻһҶͺ

չҶƬˮ˲ͽԭ׵Ҷǿࡣ

Ȼڶ֮䣬˴˵ݺģߴеԼµǿһ¡

Ц͸ƬĶߡ
磬뵽һʫ

ʲô

绨ƶˡ

ɢȥŮһ£һҫչС
Ӱ֮Ͻ˫ҲеĻ
绨ƶˡ

ˮЩָֽ̽ջأһ
ˣЩҶƬˮĴݲѾܲסе֭ҺҶƬ굽֮ͨʣڵõһɫĺ״Һ塣

ɶĹؼˡ

˫ľҶˮ֮꣬õ֭Һ鲼˵ҶƬĲأܵõõ֭ˮ

ʱҪձ㰲׼õĲľˡⶫǺŪ鷳ҪѰЩʲľճɻҽѰʺϵľҡ

Ҫ˸С룬ľһ鲼˼õҺ壬㽫֮˷ŪõҶ֭ˮ֮С

Ȼ֪ԶҲͷһأʱҪ֤Ŀתض˫ӽ

֪ΪΣܾĲɵģЩԼġƷ
磬Ҫɡ

ӦȻ䵭á

ðɡ

һɶҲɹˣϺõҺƬײ̺ˡ

һбʰúɫҩ࣬ҪҩҶƬ̫ˣʱĻۣŵֿŶҪƤ

˻˻ЩֹסʹҩϺǹʹȷʵˡרΪҩ꣬ǰˣҲǲЩҩ

ôţĵĴʹȥȴǰ˵㣺Ҫһ¡
ãɫͲʹˡ

˵Ϊʲô⸱ĮȻӣ飬Լɫʡ

˫˳ĽëסеĲֻ־ߣڡ

ϢЩȣĽӴָоһ顣ָ̲סһ£ֵ˼ִӶԷглл磬ʹ

ỬĴкȻȥδ̧ͷĴָʳָָĦһ£ԼƽﴥĶƺŴЩ

һˣʲôֵܣѡ

˳⻰ȥԭҶǼʱ۵ķǸģȻͬȻϴ߽·żһǵ㡣

ȻĿǰֻ콭׸ҵǧ𣬵Ѿúࡣ
硭ӻ֣˵öԷ˾У⼸ζԻҲһЩУƺǺϲԼݳ޵үо
ԼԵúܲڼ͸·񲻹ô˵ǺܺʣϵԺժҶþͺ

شɫá






5.  һȥ   Լһֱƫ


ҩĵȵǶƳɵʱ̣̫ãٵȥ춼ˣЩҪ

磬ѾһҹͺãͿԳʵϣֻҪʱЩ֭Һ̣Ҫһʱ俴ԼĳɹѳҪһҹ˵ǲȥѧã㣬òã

Ŵżٲ࣬ϵ˽ӣֻӵʱ䡣ӼЩ£޷ѧԸǷһˡ

Ȼͬ⣬ȴ²òҵһ𡣡

ǵģҿά̯ϾǼ£֮ǰҲÿȥںö̯Żһȥѧ͵ѧ
ʱÑʽ飬Ȼֻȥգ˲Ųδȥ
պòݼ٣Ҫȥ̯ġ

ֶԼԼĳƷЩȲ磬ʲôʱȥѽ㣬òð

îʱˡĿϣ˶Է任ɫ

îʱ㡣ÿѧǳʱҲߵҪû뵽̯黹࣬ϵЦҲסˣԼѾ˵Ҫǰ
ĬƬ̣¶ģʱĩ㣬ýġɶȥأ

û뵽ԸϾ糿ѧüʱһۿ˵֮⣬ȻӷӰŵʱ̫硣
ΪԼԸ
в뱻ԷԼ̯ƺ嵭Щ࿪ʼڴյĵ

Լյʱֱ׼뿪

ߵſڣסֵܡ

عͷ峺ѯʡ

ȴƬ̣Էδġ
Цü䣺磬ռ



صиպŵʱڷ¾֣˲

ϰһѲˣƽĴʧȡ֮ǡ
Ŷ˱Ϻ

ӣ˼ѵԼմû츻ӣ⽭׸ҾƲˣ
Ҳû˵ԭѻ״Ԫ֮أԼЧӦҲ̫˰ɣ

Ƭ̣ûסܼҺԭ

ܼҶ꣬ҲӣСҲǰӶࡣ֪ӲɫĲܼЦСԸ˶ȥͷǼЩǲ֪أˡСţﻹвء

ƿԡȷʵԸ˶һеĶ⣬û뵽⽭׸ôڼʲô͵óʲô

˷ʳȷʵãҧſӣӲǳ˲١

˵ˮƽĶζüˣʻֱֱۡȥի
ҲǸ£ջ˶򶹸Ҫ󣬷ԸЩǿܺҵ̯ӣ˾С

ȻаĶ񶾷֮⣬ǲеڶ˳ˡ

һӵĶԡЪϢ׼յ



ɫתֱѳˡ

ϲߣ⳵ȥʵû˯š

ڣЩʱ̤աóһǰСˤˣԼҲüҸɻˡ

Աλ˲סԴŵ복ʧҵĲҾ硣

۾ôһţҲ˼֣лλ̨
лĻδ˵꣬ˣϲ磡ô

ϵ˻δã˲Сġ꿪ھѵ⡣

ͷСĵ

ᳵ·سȥ𣿡

ͷ

أ˳ơ׽̡Ȼδ˵ػ֮׽˲١

磬ʱѾʰãȴһĳ̯Щϲã֣˵Ҫɸˣصܳȥ㡣

Цشкѽջأ

ԼŽʱĶ΢졣ֻҪԼ׸һ鷽ŵ飬Ͻסȥյĳɹ

ֵע˲䱻תƣĿתضǸſײľ裬ߴٵ磬ҿôˡ

ƿڸǣľ΢΢һԲ״ɫ壬Ө͸塣

ۣˣϲԽִԣȻͱֹס

㻹û֡

ϳβεðɣȥְɣ

⡰ɶãֻ֮״״ʹá

ӵȻĽֻһԶԶ۰Ͱ͵ؿš
ڷȥǿ״㱻ֳС飬ȡ˼гɳ״Уݸ֡

Ȳţֻⶫ̣ҲͷһƷ
ɶڸۣеԣ΢΢ЩζȥЧ

ۣһڣֱп磬̫ˣͬƷ꣬Ѱ϶

ȴֻ䵭ͷš

̬ʱƮƮȻֲ̫⣺ѵ㲻磬ҪǮGȻǱȥͰ׶һ𡣡

̧ͷзҫһ㣬ĳ棬д˰Ķ־

ﱾϣԼ׽Ʒһʮָӵ̾

ЦЦ˵䡰㽫źã׼̯ˡ



峿Ľֵ岻ͬѾֵúܡ
˴ѡŵյʳġ

ĿѾߵⶹ̯ǰ׼ϼ
ű㱻Ҷһɫ󣬾Ө͸ʳĿ⡣

Ǻһѯʵ

δػֱ̲סˣȥΪɶʳõأʳã»һֻҪ˸ͭ塣
˻ԥʢһ룺˳ģóǡ

ѯһҵĶǮһﶹһٸͭ壬Ȼ࣬ɱϾֱʳõСʳ˸ͭҲԭǵĽܶڡ

⸾˲ͨ˼ңֲΣƽﶼǱʱһ䡰ˡϲЦտӹһʳˡ

Ÿо΢࣬ȴܻظʣڳ򡢻ζ
Ҫһݻȥ

Ȼûдֶ˲ɵģƽԼϼʳУʲôöؼС

˽յĵһݶĵúܣֵߵߵظʢãŽʳС

һԿţоɣһֱΪ۸ڶˣദգ˲ժҶûʲôԹԣҲֻΪһʱȻȷʵûзʲôƢĽжܿǸ߰ġ

ȴЩȷˡ

һҾԶˣȴԸһ䡰ˡΪ˰˸ͭæǰæ
Լһֱƫ

ֵܡ

ʰǿùֻͷô

ҡǸĻں䣬һһ޷˵ɡ

е룬õһϴ





6.  дְ   Ʋۣˡ

̯ⲻõɶһ磬ͳͳˡ

ֳÿɰĻס˵ⶹȡͷֺáͼʣԸ
οڸҲȷʵճһ룬ʮֽ

һߣɢһͭ壬ϸţʮ塢ʮһʮ
˫һԵ˷ܼˣۣ磬׬˶٣

һʮ𵭵

գգۣGô֪

һʼ͵룬һ˶ʮ߷ݡ

ԭһֱŰޡһͭ£Ƶǰ

еѯʣּҶɵģҶϴģˮյģŶǷҵģǮҲ׬ģ

һġ˶٣ͭһΪһǰ

ֲȱǮʵϣ֮ͭ嶼ûܼҾ˵ЩǮϵҲǰġ
ǡɫԼƻȥҪˣҲ֪Ϊʲôǲˡ

ҾϾԼһοԼŬ׬ǮǺ˷ܵģҲͲؽһ˸ͭսɰ

ĺɰװӵģǴźÿáʱһٶͭ壬ŵöǴԲ״Ҳ

ﻹڿŶ̯Դ֮ת˼Σ̲ס˵磬ȥ㶫ɡ

û뵽˸ǮҪҲǣȻ˽ļҾҲܿʵúܣͭ屾Ͳʲô
֪ԼʲôоֻǷ·˹ͬĶڶԷвֵϧ

ֳɫֱһæ˵˺Ӧá



Լ֣ǵͷһء
ڶ̯̯ӣÿȥѧ飬ûչ䡣
˸ᣬ·϶ҪüˣĲ˶ܱӡ

һΪīիĵǰͣ˽Ų
߽ȥлӭϳ°ԭصĹӸ磬Ҳǵһʹ˵ġôţ̬Ҳ˼֣λӣ֪뿴ʲô

ֵͷһȦʲôõë𣿡

ææӦееġ˵ű㽫ļµĺ˳ڿǰ

͹뿴Ǻɽ¹ơ֧ëʣϸֱ㷺ӨĹ⣬¹ѵãīիҲһ֧

ﶮЩܰ춼ëʵԭϣԼһòÿˡ

ǻΪ⣬ϲôѵõ¹ʣֻӣ͹ٱܴؼС

ִϵûб˵ģ

ȻûϵλŻ󣬱˵ǧĹӾ˵ôӵĻ˼룬żʵ֪͹پʲôλʣ

ֲ˼һͭ𣿡

ȻڻƵԤڣɫ˼أȥһѡ

͹٣¨Ķһͭһ֧ġ

ԭŴҲؼֿ߰¨ı뵽
Ҳ⣬ֲǧС㣬û档߹ȥ磬֧ð

ЩëʱľͷƳɣҲδϣʼĺë֪ʲôϣֹëë

ܽܣͲ֪вˡ

ѡ꣬룬Ӧáûɣ

ѡʣᶮˡҾƶжǮëʣʱҲǿ֧˳۰ˣѡ˰Ҳûѡ

֧һ֧ϸʼëɫףһ֧Դ֣ȴǺɫë

磬֧ôʵ

š

еķܣ⣺Ǿ
˰ӣûЩֽ̨Ķ뿪ˡ

ֱӻУƽķʳԼޣ˻Ҫȥ

־ʣ˻ȥ˵ͷţһȥˡ

ӣ𾻹ֱ׼ȥ׼ʳȴֽס

˫Ө֧ںëʣݵԼǰ磬͸㡣

ǵҪܾһ˵ԼǮģ͸㣬Ҫ¡˵㽫껳С

ЩԵүƢԡ֪ΪΣеԼûŭļӿһ˿⡣

û뵽͸Լġ
һǮ

£ƽʰϣдϼģл



һñһݷȥһڼС

ûʶԼѾĵ̶ֳȣֻᷴʣֵңкκõǵġŶ˽

붹̯Զƽ߹ȥҲǲ͵ǹ֣Ȼϲ˵æĽŲȻ¶ĵ뷨

ֲԵһٳԡ
ҪǣⷹϹȻҲж

ľЩĬȻ

һߵʱõģȥ֧µëʣֻмʮõ鼮²Ǳ˿겻Ҫģֱͼˡ

δƬ̱ߵſڣ



ȻȲϼĳӣ̸ʳʣֱšķѵá̬˲٣껹Ҫϴ롣

ȻΪĲʳȵˤˣͬ

һСϣԴʵ磬дְɣ

˫Եˮ⻰ֱ߲߿Ϊʲô

д̫ѿⲻϹ˵ģԭڷ￴һȻΪδչëʵĴԽʿҲòȥ

ҪһΪдȷʵеǿ֦дзǵӣúӲҪΪӣԽ̵ѧë֮Ǳһ㣬ԭв֪дٴּ

һ棬ѧ˵ĸ飬ԺԼϰֶ̳ģҲ²˺֣зڡ

ǣ겢δԾܾȻֱͬˡ׼õĻﶼûü˵
ãϴɾŽ֮Уִȥ磬ǽʲôѧأдǵ֣

һ£һһĽѧǻֿʼġ

Ȼһˣ񶨵أϰʻ

û壬ʲô

ʲôǱʻ͵ǺƲۡ

⣬ô֣Сдֵĸо
üͷԼװֱֵۣðɣڵСȷʵûʲô

ӿʼĥīֹ᲻ԼֽīϽд֣Ҹĥīͱ

׵ֽ̿ʼˮнɢʪպڵŨī

ն֦ɳϱȻ˿ǵһʹëʣֱƽֱֽдĴ֡


û뵽ĻԼд֣ס˵ѧʻ𣿡

üĿ䲢޲ڱʼ⴦Ʋۣˡ




7.  ̤Ͽƾ·   üһɰȴԵá

ʱ÷ɿ죬תԶȥ⽥

յ˽Ҳˣһֻ뽫ɲš
ȻѧϰlJڣϷÑӱ㽫һ̵ˡ
ѧҲ顣

ֱȥѧЩĺһ飬ѧǡǧġҪΪ֡ǻỹò̫ѡ
ɵĽӴ˿ƾ·ʶ·;᫣νҳ

־ǧġֻɶҪƾٵ˵ǰҪѧ鼮ͣѧ徭ʱˡ

͵ѧʱղ̣ƽҲûɶЩ鼮ġҲѧһܸĽȡ

ӱ㿪ʼ̶˶Тѧӹ

Т徭֮ڣ˳ԡТΪȡԴ˿֪ТҪԣ˷ӽѧʱӴ

ԴڸѧѧϰҲۣѧ˼ȷƾٵѧ֮·

ѧ֮ǱҪѧϰӡˣܰѧи̵֪̽

£ֳȥҪѧϰ飬绹Ҫȥϰ֡
ѧϰĿѹʮʹֲ࣬òܡ
Ͼ֮ͬꡢʦͽ֮֮ԼһᱻɼĲ״



Ӽе鷿ڣԻ

աһľϣУǰŵ꣬⣿

Ȼ

ȻĿǰֻѧˡ顷Ѿ£Ӷ޲ֱȥμµԣǸɴཫ˹ĵƷǣʱ㿪ʼ˼άѧˡ徭Ҳִ̫١

Ȼִ٣˿ǣԭģʱҲѧϰ徭׼μԡԭñӣϵҲδһΪӣֻһˡ

Բͨԣ롰ԡԺԡ֮ͯУѵãͨԡԱǡͯˣԺҲܿȡǱǡšӶ꣬ҲֻλŰˣɼѶȡ

ⱨʮϸñһλʽμӡ

ظʲԭһᡣʹЩֶΣΪְһѧӶλѧ޷˳˴ԣڲòһꡣ

ϵôã¾ٶȷμԻɣҲֵ

֣ע⵽⣬һ˵˵⡣

ÿѧ˹ĵʱӾͻẰȻشֲɵò²⣬ѵӵԼ᳭Ĵ𰸣

աұƪԭǡˣ³޾ߣ˹ȡ˹

˼˵λӣ³ûоӵĻǴѧƷµأڿĵӼʵڳ³ڶࡣ

ֵǽأþ֥֮ң㡱ѶǾ޴Чġ
ѧΪ²£ڡΪӵе£֮Ҳ

ֵӲÿɷתȥ𣺡˵˵

ھߣʥҲԾӳ֮ӡ˼Ƭ̣ش

־Լŵôʵǳӣ̴Ҳ£ͷȴ佱

һưˮͷϣ֣ǰ̹ʲô˹⣬֣ʵࡣơơ˳ơơơƣױ⡢ƾ֡ơӡΪ⡯

֮ϣɷ¡ȻΪ֡աǱ㲻Ƴ³޾ߡһ䣬Ƿ˴ɡƾ䣬ɡ㻹öѧѧ֮

ܵͷһ˲ģղ⣬ø߿д˰Сˣ˿ƾٰ˹ģȻ˼ɻ䣬Ǹɽ

ձǽ⡭УӽյĽѧݡ



ӷӼгɫ·궪ǣŲ鸡

źЦʵֵܣտҵɣαɫ

ִ͵˫ۿ֣ȻǲֵĻұܻɫ

ɡǵЦ⣬ϰ鲻һջķϣֵܣѧܳɲŰ

ֱ磬ԽԽˣ

࣬ǵš

ּвڶ࣬ʱ鳭дȻν׼Щ鼮Ӳǲ£΢ϤЩſҽȥдÿܶ׼ʱ黹
ӣ˳ּʳţͽд֡

ֽɶ֮е׬Ǯ·ֶһټﰵĹգǰԼ򶹸Ǹ¥еϰǣߣекܴơ

Ҳÿճ̯ǹ˸ˡ



ùźִ鷿

ԭǸլӣֻһˣ˵ﵽⶼֻҪ̫¶˹̣ܽɡ

Աֿαϻ˯дµƪ˹ҵʵ磬㲻𣿡

⼸θ˲٣ҡҡͷ𻰡

ּ棬֪˯ˡ

ѹʱϸſ̺ӣԸ˸ġӣһ½Ӳǰñд֡

רע֮δѾˡ

˻˼ߵȡ֧պɰҪϻȥ

Ŀʼնǰֽ·۾һ㣬ץסٶһ˿

Լץ˸ֳҲţЦ磬㷢

ϵĽɿ˳ſһߣаֻպɰëʡ𲻿͵Ķ͸ķıǵˣǶ˹ϵˣҲЩˣĲŬ£Ը⽫鷿Լˡ

ֻǡ
õĻԼһٸ֧ͭëʡ

ֿ괹µ۽ޣеıʣüĵһ¡

ʲôͷҲ̧ȴһԼҲδע⵽ĳ硣

ֲ⣬ŶԷüĺ룺磬ǰӿЩӿɵʱ򣬻ɰ롣롯ͬǡ֮ǻ

̧ͷЩᣬֶ˼Ե֪뵽ʲôִнӹ֧ëʣתڶԷüҲһ£˵Ҫţ

ֳһԷõֽѽ˵Ҳ𣿡

ҿûô˵ϰˡİ˹Ѿд꣬ҲЪϢˣʱ̽յˡ

úúáѧϳβһԶá

ĳƺֵ÷Ц̲סһۡ
ǰ˰ΣŶϰֵĲüһɰȴԵö˼Ů

ʶԼЩʲôۣ΢΢ҡͷҪֺҵ뷨lJϳС

ôС






8.  Ϲ˾   ʣЩ


鷿

֧ëʣдŽշµİ˹⡣

һ˶˵˼·

üͷڼʱ²Ҫ鷿飬ôѧϰ
Լû£û±ҪμԵˣʱ䱦ľ㵢

ɫƽרע˹ģǲ߳Ӱ죬±ʣ춯Ųߵ⣬ţ׼ȥǺ¡

֪ѱͻլڸŮ֪顣

֪Ͳ󣬴ʱʮ꣬ԸšһС˴磬ŲͣɫţС㣬ˣ

꣡ʳָƺע⣬ɲ뱻֪ԼǸ

ʵϣҲ濼ǹ̹ǲǻá˼Ǻ룬֪ԼǸŮӣȻԼһͬ飬Լϰֱ߽֮֡ͬ⣬ԼŬҲͳͳ׷ˡ˼ȥʼװʾˡ
֣˷磬˻Ůװȫδйô˳ֹ

֪һۣԺСġҲʶԼ㱩¶Сݣææס졣

Źصʵ϶ûҲԸ϶ൢ飬֪ţĪԭгʲô£²Ϊʲôˣ

үӼҳˣ֪֪ǼСзͣƽյúܣ֪ҳ£ɰԼţҴҸ֪С㡣

û뵽£һ¾飬ʱԼԭķɲˣӦһ˳׼ԲŶԣӦʲô谭Ȼûᣬǿʲô¡£

侲̬Ӱ֪飬ôСҲԼǰӡ

īի˵ӼҵĶжأ֪鲻ˣʱ˵ûɫμҵѾȥűˣ˵ҲѾ۴ˣھӸţ˵֪ͨһء

̫ͻȻ˰ɣ
ôܰ˳ж

ֵһӦǣݺ
ԭΨһһֵķɾԼ˭ڸɻأ
һʳ֡

²СҲԼ֮¡֪ͷţԼȥ¶˵һ顣



ɫųţ߸վۣŹٷѺ䣬ؿڴһԲΣһɫġá֡ǰ߳ǹֽ߳ò䣬˲ǰ

ָ߽á

λʮӣݰ׾룬ɫ࣬һ״

δã˿

һλδŮ˹Уȴ

Ͻǰ̣û°ɣôˣ

ɫãȻҲǲ֪Ǻ£þ˹˾ԼҲˣǵǣֹĵҲˣӱҪԣǰǡ

ˣס׵֣£ܲ

Ҳοǰ̣ģµġʵ̫ģλ˽ԭʱǮƣûܻ¸ɹһʶ²֣֮Ӧò̫ѡ

ΪʲôΪ֣֮
ЦƾһΪﶫԻ˶µ
һĶߵһߡ

ԱǸŮ˼µ죬ŭ𣺡ôû£˳ǼҶ첻ˣĻ򡭡

δ˵꣬žһǺľľˡ

Χվŵһ춯ŵĴȴأۻ

ŮӶ˳عš

Ĳ򣬵Ʊˣãйû⣬ֻøһࡣ

ºˣϺ£ȻѾ״ֽÿʼԭ潫ٴγһ顣

Ǹ˷Σһδ⻰޿䣺ˣҪΪūūҵҵ⼸Ⱦ˷纮գūȥҶ̯ЩЩ嵭ĳʳ˭֪ղճ꣬ҵľкнʹ򿴹˵ж˰
ˣū˵Ķİ

˵껹˼ͷ

λʵֻʳù

ǰˣҷհδֻ˶ճȥ˾Ͳ˰

Դ˲תк˵ǣ

Ȼ£ߣһЩʱڳ˵ԭίȷʵ񸾼꣬񸾲δ̯Ƕ֪Ķ⣬Ʒ಻ãֱˮ˴࣬񸾲׼ȥδ˵岻ʣһЩ񸾲̣ˣδȡǮǶʣһ㣬ԷԺС

δӻǰ֪ⶹжҲȥˣҲҪ

㡭

¾ľྲ

˵Щּ֡ǵãƲСֻԼн豾飬סֱùŲŻؼҡ

δ˹ԼðҲҪԣɶҲʲôöѵı㲻ܳˣҪǣôֻеķʹöʳһδ

ô֪⣬ӲҪԳ
ɣܾ鲻ԡ

ȻԼףһʣµĶ⣬£Ǳ붹޹ء

˵Ѿ򿴹ˣδɫ𣬽ĻˣүūǶδ꣬һжҲˣ

ԭʮģָײԴλģҩһ̶û¡
˲ʹˣæģ֤и䶨

Ȼ֣׷ʵڣ

ãֻȴ
һذȴм˵ʣ֮𾴡

Ȼ£ǷԸ۸˸
ʻ̬Ҳʮºͣ򣬲֪ɷ˵˵ⶹжһ£

֪ʮֹؼǽ

ˣϷǰձι⻼ߣǷ纮֢֮״㿪˼ҩûؼмơ糿ٴϷҽݣζɫָײ԰ףڽʹʱŻ£ȷж֢֮

ͷֵȺлһƬ̯ⶹİ˳ԻˡȻôǰջֻǷ纮ԸͲس

Ժ治򶹸ˡ
ǰ˭ҳ԰
֪ǼҶˣǰɫĸҳӴ
Ҳˡ


ЩЩɫ԰ס

ס֣۾˵¡
΢ȴ쳣ᶨż˲¡

οһ䣬ҵ˲ƽ٣侲ʵɲδʣµĶ⣿

ʱһ᣺ϷԹ⡣

ʱҩѵã඼/˪ֶβߣﺬ޷ȥӦʹڡȻ˵벢ޱ仯ǾͲ/˪

ֶ̲ס˿һʼȷʵĵúܣ˾ԽԽ֣ŵأɵõ

һ仰ȴֵⶾ䲻ԳϷȡЩιʳһֻǼȷʵֲ̱ʡ

һۣ𲻱Ӱ죬Ѿ˼ʵⶹѾδؼУ֤֮ʱ쳣

ֽϻͷǰˣο̲δȡǮҲ׼δԹ޳λẦأ˵֪δӲҪ򶹸

⼸ʮϬҲ뷨ƽǹϵõԸվ˵

ǰȷʵδ̯
һûδǮҲǺģĸ֪ǹ˾
ǰңɸúˣ
δＵܸɣ


ⷬתδһһֳ˸ͷ˻ߣ˰ūҿȥʣЩ϶ж






9.  ˮʯ   δҲᱻ𣿡


鷢չתֱ¡

Ժвµļ鶹ȡѰֻι¡
Ŀ֮£ֻʼ̶꣬

ǲɵ۾ʲô϶ŪжĶⶨȻݺ
ѵԭİţɣ͵ûһ˶ϣ

ľľϣ㻹кλ˵

ҲⳡסһʱԣԼǷʱŪʲô

ŬŷδĶԻһ⡣
δɫӶԷпһ˿⣿

һʼδ㽫һжڶ棬򶹸ֻһʳ̱ȥ򴦣ձ١

һж·Ԥıһ㣬֤֤ôȫ

ѾҪо׼˵䣬ԼԾɻ֮Ȼˣδڿ˵Ҫ˶кⶹڲԺһգҪֽţҲ׾֮¡˱㶨׵𣬴˲Щִ𣿡

Ȼţȴֱͦһ˼֮㴥

ԭбĿ࿴ʹһνӴĻֵĴֹ˾Ķ˾ĺøдһ£˿١

߼٩٩̸ˣ˽᰸˼ʵȷʵԣôһأ

ȻᶨʵҲδ쳣ĵطʱɵóĬ֣׼ԣһЩʱ䣬ܽˮʯ

Ƴ˼ס֣վ
ˣмɻܽⶹɰ

űע⵽Ǳӣȴ֪ڴʱкιδ֮£ѯʵǺˣ

һֱߣȻǱһҼ£Ϊˣַ֤ˣȻ̫롣
˵ǣˣͬʱһƶⶹк⣬ҲõһΡ

⻰ɫ΢䡣
˲֪ܲʼվȲּ֣ԼУҲֻǿԼæǰæżְˣδӴģֲδ롣

ʱô˵ⶹиһҪǣ

뵽಻סҪִ¼֮Ʋ

ע⵽Ķ򣬲ڵĻᣬֱӵˣ˵ڵ֮ʱЩԣƷƷ಻ã׼̯ˡʣﲻԣ

⻰뵽ǰȷʵô˵˵ͷ˼⡣

ôʱ¡
Ƕɶơ֡ʱ񸾼аæĥ񸾱ֱȡЩۡÿﶹֻǮʯƱɣӲ֪ΪΣʮﶹ۾һʯƷ䲻̫ãɫζƽղ޲ͬ

ôһ˵ļ˼̱ʶʯ⡣

΢΢۾̣ʯǴӺδãɻǵã

⡭Ƭ̣׳ӵǴİ
δ֮⣬ȴڳ˿һͷ

ʯʱҩã򴦹Ҳϡ档

⻰ŭƽʵ⻰ĪǻϷʯм٣

ԭأϾ¸أҲҺ˵񸾲Ǵ⣬ǰʯ֮ʱδҲڰ

ǰգȥҽ֮йʯ࣬˴ŷǰδ˻໥˸к˵˼仰

ɻǵ˵Щ𣿡׷ʵ

Ҳûʲôģδôˣ񸾻شǼеƶʯþǰЩҲʶʮֹؼŬ룬δﻹ񸾣ôô˵ղ򵽣յĶˡɵڶµ̫ЩõĶҲδȥֻֻδ񸾼Щߡ
УʱأҪȥδһԱ˻Ǵʯ࣡

ʣ˵ǰձ

ͷǡ

Щ²⣬ת򣬹˸ʵ˵ǻ߸ʹʣкζ

ͷ϶Ļ

õȷĻظ̽Եѯʵ֪ζ⼣ζƣҺǴкɫ

ʱЩȣɫ֮Ҳ˼֣أٽ֮СϹ֣Щʵε֪

ԼһģһеĴʯءٴιҾɨһȦŵض˵ȷʵж֢֮

Ӻ󷽴һƬȻһһǺжǰɫĩ״ģʯ༫Ϊƣʮѱ档ȴо綾ʳá
̷˵ʯƶȴ֪ΪΣƽࡣҲΪ۲ûЧá
ݲ²⣬Ӧһʯ࣬ʯȴ֪ʱϸ˲ۣСȵƶ֮ʱδֱǲþ·ʯãɶ
Ͼ˲ⶹƷ಻ѣ̱㲻׼ó̯

۱ǦסʱǦʮƣ֪˭ô˼ֻΪݺ̡

ɨδ߱һк㿴ʲô˵Ǵʯ˺ۣ

ûô˵ַ񶨣δ˽ţ·˴ɣȷʵ񲻵òɰ

δҧδﰵ⻰˵Щ˲ǰ޴ֵ£һ˲㽫ìͷָδ·ѾӷǼζԻƲ˻档

ѽǰҲδδȷʵŸӣ֪ʲôأ
𣿰Ҿ֪ĵó¡
δԼңҪıɱ׷򰡣
д£
ǼŲҰ


δɫ࣬һʱ֪˵źá

ľľԭ棬ɻлҪ˵
޶֮ˣʱδɫټһƲȻģ뷨

δѾˣվĸǺʯƳ̶ȡû뵽ԼΣܱ˷֡ү˵ﲻʶú۰
ڲԣˮۿ͵£ˣԩҴδ˵£ūҷڲ֮ϰ

ⳡ֪ٴΣͨĿֺԩѾ޷һˣȥϼѲһǷкۡ

⻰δ̱أȷʵкδӡǵ㶹Чǽղܳ£´һʯС

ɡ
ڸǺã

鲻ԽͷȺеүۺΣҪԷ

ȺĮȻؿһĻ֪ıȻʧܣ˫ת뿪

δ·һĹͷһ㣬ʧȫ֪үǷԼˡ
뵽ԼеӣѾزڴɷģڵϣūһʱϣ

ԼΪһ顣Ʋ޼

ǸѸգ־ԼʱȥѰȢ֮ġڼ˺ۣļƲߣÿս֮ߣֻлʵʩ

˭֪ô죬ǰȾϷ纮ȥһҽݡ̸֮У֪ʯþû׼õĺǴʯϷ
߶ǰɫĩһԷ壬ҲͺŪȥˡ

ŵڶǶߣָ¡칫꣬ﲻ̯
ֵбʣ˵ĻﲻðǶԼ¡
ִȥҽϡ

űǱˡ

˵Щѳûĺۣøһⰸӱˡ

ֻǣӽˣȴûꡣ

£Ц⣬֪˵Щʲô

۲δôһ˼ƳģȻĻ̫֡ңһʱû취ôࡣ

һ߰οܾһ߿Զˡ

ҪʶһɳĻᡣ

ıô࣬˻ǼˣҲΪ˽һ㣬еľ鶼ڰԭеĲš

أδҲᱻ

ᡭ




10.  Բҹ   ףٵǰף


һ䣬˶ڵЩƣˡ

ȻϵӰ˼̫أ˳С
û˼٣ЪϢա

˵̽أмǹԼڴ֮շת࣬˼ԭģδӴ

⼸̵Ŀҵ¼ֵʱվ⣬֪ӹ飺ӣүӲʣʵڲ

ÿÿֶӭӣһֻ˸СǴδйġ֪ڲвŲܼԼ

ֵܽΣʵŲ֪ڽͻּ˾䣬ӣĪҪķ飬Ҳ֪ʱܼѧ

֪齫ԼС̬ȿ֪С岢δ˵ǰءǱǣһ˾֮С㲻̫ԸٺӽãίүÿԴЩǻٵաү˵ļˣҪүӻȥѰҽء

ڲѧ֮¡֪鲢ͣС㲻ͻȻһĵʿָһ˵ҪŮװɴʱװȴԾȾǰС㣬ҪСӻլչˡ
ѧ֮£˵С㱾Ͳ̫ģŮңҲˣҪġ

˼ͨ͸⻰ﻰ˼ȻѾ⡣
С˵Ǽүһ㣬ȵԭأԼҲûˡ

ĸȻ֪⻰ֽģ졣֣ҵ뿪ˡ



С㣬ˡ֪һںҩֵ߽ķС

ɫ԰ףⲡأֻѹ̫󣬲ôҲûá֪Ļʵ˵ʲô

֪鲻ԸС㱻Щҵˣؾ᣺Сúˡ

üͷôܻ᲻ѧҵɲӡ
֪飺ɴʲô

˵֪鱻ôһʣɫһ˲ֽȻˡɳƣȴʧ֪飬ҵս֪ͻլΪʱҴĦҵ뷨Ҳȥ֪飬ܺ˵

֪ҩһκɫ֭ڵءڴСϣС㣬֪ͿӸһЩҵ鼮ʱܻȥѧ

˵Щʵǲ˵ˡ

أ

֪ϽȥѾһߵҵ֡

֪֪룬ЩС󣬼˴Թ󣬽鱦ȻʹӣȴԾͨȣǸһȵġûĹֻﰵ˵أע⡣

ֽϤּƽдĲ޲ͬɵù˶ϰֵĹ
һֽ¼Ž̵İ˹ݣİ˹Ŀҵ

룬ѾǺܺˡ
۾ֻҪԼһֱãҲߵеĽ֡

֮жѿҵ¼·͸ֽᵽ˴˼ꡣ

ͨˣⲡҲõ÷ɿ졣ձˡ



һãȥѰ

Ҳ֪ôҲлͣｫġ

Ȼ֪ԼӽڿЩʲôϻ̽û֮󣬱ÿڷ顣
ĵͶ˹ϵȥ𣺡ֶˡ

˴ȥæµˡ

ּ̬ȣҲµǵ֪˵ʲô˵Ļֻװûһ㣬һң磬Һòײôѽ

⻰ȻöԷзӦ麣̧ͷү˷æĳθ߶㡣

ƺһ־֪鲻ˣȥЦôôְҿأǰЩ¹˲㣬Ļɴ

ֻ䵭һᡣ

ּ嵽磬ձܲܺһ

㲻ȥһ𣿡

֪ôģ֪ѵ⻰˵ˣм֪һʣҵҵæھ̣ʱң

⻰٣ԭΪ׸ÿæĺܡҲһǷҪȥլֻܾ˰ˡԼһԭôܻȥܡ

̫ңЩɣԲѽڶԸԼһ֮ͬǰأС˵ҪȥչҲһƭԼɡ

㶯ҡַ̱֣ٽ磬Ҳֻ֪һˣܸһҲЩ

һԣҩۿдתðɣҲϰһˣͲˡ

ϾǸˣﾭⳡ棬ǵ㲻ɢּ˺ۿЩģձҼһͬ£һ˵һġ

ﵽĿģֽջȥƵߣȽһµĿҵɣ



ʮգҼһŵƽʣò֡

Щӣ֪ԭи׵ܵܣܶһĸͬʵʹϵһ㣬̫׽

ܾ˻ȥլڣ׵ܵǶȻҲͲԭˡ

ɫ磬ʳ֮ȥСΪ˷˸٣˵ղˡ

ҵʱڳæµţֹ۲˰졪Ȼ±

ʱ±ȻԺôƷַḻֻڰˡ

ǲˣ׼Ķڡ

ֶ˺棬ԾԾԣҪ֡Ҳܾʮк

ʵϣʱѾ±ƤҲƤ׼ˣҲˣֻҪһģ߰ѹɡûʲôҪŪ

ˣֻŪ˺üƤĲ©һ飬Ķ¶һ㣬ǵջǽϳ˳

£ֻȥѲӵĹԱһ㣬ͣͣʱͷ϶һ

ôĥһᣬڽڰƤ磬ٸһòãұ֤Ū

𿴿ֱߵ±ѾĲˣ˿Ƥߡ

ˣߵһȥϤϤ֪ʲô˸ʮֺÿ±
ǽˣ±Ĩ˲㵰Һʮˡ

ֵԼ±ȺȻڱʮĻƤ˸ǡ

ֱЦҪ˭ԡ

һãİ֮£ϰһյѧϰݣŵʱ䡣

˳һ̽Ӳӵ±һӲУԿʼˡ

ȻؾģǶ˼ϲﲻʮ꣬ȴ飬·ڽʲôһ㣬֣صֶֻԸǶͬһ㣬곤þã˴и

תֶ֣̲˵ЩĻֻϣܶһЩ¶㵱֪

˵ʲôأ

Щȣ֪ΪͻȻ˵Щ̬ȣģҶǾһһ⣬塣

ôʶЩĶ΢΢졣ﵹǲδЩʮָˣ仰̾ͷˡ±ɡ

Сһ㣬ϲδºۼƷԼԲ±ѡ

¸ҹ硣

ΧʮְżھӼеףԵø̻Ϣ

һ±ǰŽǸСС̺ۣһ۱ϳǿ顣Цݲõ֣ʲô

׵¹ҫ£ݸ԰ºͣµһ㣬˴

ɫǡ

ǰ˵գƬ̡
룬ǣǺӶС

ֻδգգ۾ص磬顣ޣ

·𱻹ƻһ㣬ӹ±ҧһڣж

һֽһ۱ϳǴԼϵֽ˺

ƽȻҪֲϧɴʱ׵¹ҹɫ֮£Ժտգֽ򿪡

ּһޣдš
磬ףٵǰף






11.  Ҫؼ   һͬơ


ԸеԼ̬ת䡣
˵ǰǱȽϺõͬھǷǳҪõѡ
ı仯ʮ⣬ʱ˼룬Բһ㡣
Сڳ壬ԵҲӦõġ

׻˵ּҸĿʱУмͷ۵

ܼźүţ⿤լꡣ
źĲˮ⻰㱻Ǻţ˵ʲôʱ𣿡

ܼҹվһԣżС㣬үߵü˵³Ҫ

űӦֱӽеģϾѧִ಻żϢݻͨϹִܼС

Щɣ˲Ϣɨͷݡ

δعңֻżеϵΣԭѧдּ֣Ҳδк⡣

ʱѾôãԭף˱仯ʵǻȥԭӦҲᱻ

ǿѡĻȻԸԸһֱȥûѹϾլӻǿԭļˣҲĵġʵǰǺʶʱġ

ֻǲ֪
˹ϵò׽չزͻȻ뿪鲻ƿصĸоӿͷʵЩǡ

һա
¶轵ԭȾϷ纮࣬ҲС

ˣֲŲ֪˵ԼҪؼҹ֮¡

ŵﲡЩԼҸᣬźĵһϣʼδкת𶼲òÿڼչףղȥһǶˡ

֪ȥ˶ٻأҲӼ˲ٲȥЧƺѡùܼҾԭѰ˸չ˵ӹȥϾǸӣ϶в㡣

ܾ֪˵û׼ԼǮǹӡֲپܾӦˣȴԸܼҰѼ۸ѹһЩԼϲǮ

뿪֮ʪĿһ㣬ѹͷһձһճҲʱȥ̽Էƺδкκת

½֪֮ٵ鲻ˣǰһܱȵʱ򲻸úáÿڼңҲΪ½˴Լײǰֻȥ

ٳǰ֪Ҳϣ˼СҲ֪Ϊʲôҵ˶ƺ̬ȶܺãԼǰװɹģ̶ȣƶԷܸоġô˼Σ;߽ܿӴˣ·ѾϤúˣһг



ʱ˵Żվ⣬ŵŷҩζ

·纮ͷȥ˵˵

ע⵽ɫĺۼƣ͸¶ǺܾöûЪˡƽҪչȾףҪϷӲµĹΣҪԼҶ̯ӵѾ۵˼ޡ

ǸҲֻΪֵһЩˡ

̾ϢǱ¶δ̫˵ġδ̫ͣõĿ⣬ڣϵ磬һǿ̰ɡ
Щµú˵ͬʱ̫֪

곤⻰֪лҪԼ˵֧ҵҩǲǸüˣ

Ȼδֱȥ˳ҩ

ּ뿪첽ߵߣóԼ׼õһǮ̣ҵһ⡣°ɡ

Ǯűģֲͨ˼ҵĺӣʱʶͷӲ٣ƾܣֶôУ㻹Ǹأ

ֽǮУ̣һ˲˵һţ̯ܳæǰæҲڲĶǮοʲȻҪ飬ƾٲ˻ǮĵأǲΪԼҲΪ밡

һϯ˵Ŀɫ˶ҡٽҶԸ˻ø磬Ȼ¡ֻ˵ıǣ֪ġ

Ͼң֪εĻȻΪԼͷǮﲻͬΪ˺ӣҲ޷ܾ

ҩʱıվڴ߲ԶԼΡ

﷢ˣֶòһˣŻ˵Ҫǰձӿأȥɡ

ͷӺҩ뽻ȥ

˼յԺУȴˡ
ͷ˫ʳָһ𣬽żڵϴת

ֲѧܻҪ£Լѧһ
Ȼ֪Լ˵ʲôԼ֪Ļʲô£ҲԸɰʵףֻ˵ǡ

Ӿʮƣͣʱ߳䴵˿磬о١
µʲôҪԼ˵ˡдһ˿ԼҲδĹģʵôˣ

ҲûٳĬȥ磬ҡ¸µûؼҹˡ

ûϵ¡Ƕ£ԼҹģأȻҪȥгһͬġ̫࣬뵽

ȻӦ𼸷ƷǶյӰдϼؽȥﹲףα

⻰һֱŵԴ̧۾ȷ⻰Ǽ٣Ҳڵʱ䣬硭㲻ܺͱһ飡

ĵһ㣬Լȥˣһ˱ͬǻ׾ٽԼȡˡϾԼĿƾˮƽ֪ġ

𲻶⻰⣬ЩĪԥԥ̬ȣδ˵Ҳδֻܾǵʱйˡ

⻰ͬˣôߣ磬ҡ³ʱ뿪㡭һ𣿡

겢δ̫ãȥǶ飬ӦʱģͷӦˡֳĬһᣬʳе£ʱ
һԣԭرҲǶԷļңõʡ

ֲк֣˵ԭļԼδȥԭ˵ļҲû

ܾãŬԪǰӾ˾еһŻ𣬻Ŀ˵ȼģ˵ԪʱлƣҲһ𿴿

ƺһ紵ؿڷ΢ײ졣ǰˣ˶øЩڴѩ׵ޱߣȴӷףƽնСһȦСɡ

Է˵ĳŵ̲סϡ֪ļѹֻɢȥЦ⸡۵

áһӦ̸еظһ飬һͬơ






12.  û   ΨԸƽϲֶࡣ


³

ʱѵʰ
ȻҪŮΪ

ǰװµЩ죬û뵽ԭش꣬Ȼôණ

ǣ뵽֪ΪԼʰװ֮ٴˣαشߣ鷳

ԼҲҪϵĶ
硪µĿҵ

ǵģ֪Ҫ뿪ԭأӸ²ٿҵӰ˹ĵۣһֿдģĪӻ׼һμ԰ɣ

˵ܹܲأȥˮƽҲܿóɼ

£û£㱻صȹڰһӡ

ղδװǷԸ֪ΪŮҵķ٣ѡܽɫƽٵȹ˼°ɫ֯ëȻҲûǣԭ׸ǧѴҲһʹʵĶ׹ڶĿΪһĨɫʡ

·죬ö

ƽװʱСݴĪ棬֮ϸƤģֲԱ𡣴˿⸱޵ɫĵɫŮҵչ¶쾡¡һȥܿĶա

ջŮװһʱҲ˼üյġ

֮ĹϵͻͽϻԼһ𿴻ƣǺ˾롣оǣ֪ǲΪԼҪ뿪ԼҲ˲٣ֻᷢûʧ˰ɡ

ֶԴ˵ּɡ
ᣬԼŮװ飬˵һǸʿԼ˵ģԶ꣬ǻԭԼġ

οһµʱ룬侲侲ܰ¡

ǡ
̲ס֪Ǻʱˡ

ʱˣС㡣֪վڸ˴ʱֲ̫࣬⺮£ʱɫѾЩס

˵ǳʱҪж׼ʱ֪ǶѧʱǴδġӦҪΪԼУûӰ

Īǳʲô£
ôһ룬͵Ȳסˡ

֪ЩȰС㣬ٲߣǰǵ⿤ˡ

⿤ǽϵĸԭļڵĵط
ԭֻǽһСˡ

յĽֵ̫䣬ֻ磬̫ںĺ⣬͸һ˿չ⡣

ٵˡ
û
ˬԼ
Уȥôˡ

Ը򣺡ȥӼҡ

ΪҪˣ仰˼Ϣ

ƿӣȾϼַ꣺˵ȥӼң𣿡

ҲԶСߵЩͣƽ·һߣҲûж೤Լ߼Ǹо߲ͷһ㡣

֪鿴ԼС⸱ģЩǣϸԲӣС㲻϶⿤ĻֻӲˡ

ֻȷһΪβаˡɵǰȲľŽասſڣܸе͸ŷ촩ĺ硣

磡
һƬ

磬𣿡̧֣š
Ȼûд𸴡

𣡡


ۣҲĺˡ
Ȼûж

Լ
ֲԸô²⣬һ˿˵ԤҲΪ

Լαصȵգ
˵ѾˣֻǼŮװԼС

ֲ֪ԼʲôоֻļЩۣȻûŮװ

֪ੲݵĴߴ٣С㣬߰ɡ

ӣȻϣľŴֲڣδһۼ

ĬΣ֪ҪӶ֣ǿӲԼСߵʱڶˡ

ȡϵŵǿ񻷣Ө͸ɫ/Ρ
ĲԼǱˡ

ȷʵŮӣҲġ
񻷣־˰ɡ

񻷵ָף֮ų̋״ȵ˴űܿҲǱ˴˵ˡ

һ͸еһתǰٿطڡ
ָɿˤڵأ춯

顱һ
ȥ

ʽ֪סС㣡С㣬ôˣ

ɫң֪ԼСôͻȻ˹ȥ߸ŵǸӣ˼Ƭ̣һݣС̻⿤

Щԥɡ֪С㿴𣿡

֪鿴ͷٵˡү˰ŽСûصլǱ㲻ϵա

СƵطʲôô򣬻⿤ȻΪСõĴ
ô˵ųҲ˵ʲô𣬴

һʱһ㰲ǿպų̀£һС񻷡



ҽڡ

һλŮӣɫ԰ֽһסݣȵ꣬ǽྻУȾ˼ƬѪ

ڴأΪ

ɬɢ޸ʧͣ˳ջ֣Լ׵ĺӣԽ֢֮ǡϷֻܾΪˡ
һͣٳڻ֮У䲢δȻڳ˶ˡ

ĸǰһˣûȥе𣺡Ⱦװɣ

δʱ˯֮Уȴ˺ѷεĿѹ

ǻɫѣϰѪɫҲޣֻ֡
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴδȳǼԡ

ļ٣׾ҽܡ

û뵽˰죬õȴϢ

ңۿ죺ȾɣҪʲôҩҶ취

жϥ£ᡣ

٣ҲΪ֮ݡ󡭡֮ǻ٢ʵ˰

Լһ˸о

ʱѰ򿴹ǻ֪Լʱ޶ˡܳŵڣѾүµӣᣬܶ࿴㡣
ֻǡμӿƾ٣֮ʱЩϧ

ûʲôֻ˻֣úӹ

֪ĸ֮ĶԻĬĬ˳ȥһռ䡣

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ϴŵЦ⣺úӡȿȡûµģõġ

ǻлҪ˵סϰֵľ·˼ӣȿȡΪĶµģȥϿ
šҫġ

üۼǴ飬ȴᡣ

δ޳죬ѹסԼʹ֮Уʼ޷ȥ

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ʱԣɤЩɳƣڽˮתˡ

᱾ǣɺŮ
ȥڡ

ɿҶʢʱ
ա

ȥտ٣
ΨԸƽϲֶࡣ

ΨԸƽϲֶࡣ

һգûдϵĿ졣

ֻƳıʹޡ





13.  ķֱ   Լ޷ˡ

ʱڣϵδ˼Ȼᱡɴ¡

滷ˮСͤУ˶

òƣɫޣֻһλӸһЩǸԷ

㣬ͰҰɣ꿴ʮҵģʱΣǰһ˵

ȥֲضųʳһۼһȺɫ㵽ǰ価ˮеʳ

ѾˣԷʼղɿڡ

ԼѰ˺һӲֵóص״ʮֿɰ㣬ý㣬ܵĶЩʲôʲôİȥǰԺ飬Ļģ

ǰԺ˷ѧ飬Ҫ׼ȥѧˡ

ԺǽϸǵһԺȴڸ⿤ڲԶٰű񣬰ԺѾʮλ״ԪˣνŨ²֪ٶҹ

ҪԺȴףһͨϸͯԣҲǵţһַǾǮǮ첻»οֻǸССѧԺ

ԺҲǿŵĹӼ࣬ܿһӲţǰҲòΪư֮ͷ

˰ԺÿѧʮλøԣȨѧǡ

ǰߣһĸͬǽ׸дδȱǮǲ鿼ƾ٣٣ҲϣԼӶѧЩʥ֮ԣʲôҲˡ

ȻҲӽѧױֻҪƤҲãα̡ܽǲϺú顣ʱģö֮Ҳûа취ˡ

˽ϸͯԣԺҪѧӣȻסˣӲҪλðȥӵԺｻṇ̀ܽ߻ʵԶҲۣô붼Ǽ¡

ڼҲˣ⿤Ӹĵ̣ȥԺֲŵĿӣԵ

ⲻȥԺѧˡ

ԴǰſڻȥѾ⿤լˡ
ʱ˯գñҽҲûа취ͻ룬װ˺ת

֮󣬼ҲŮװˡ

ǣյĻ˯ƺԭڵ껽ѣԭʱȥֻȴֹԭ뿪

һѣǽڵòಡ齣һ꣬ԭԶȥ

һڣҲԭʱļ䣬ദɣǰһֱԭ͵ĵܵҲǢ˲١

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ֻǡ
ʱԼ
ȷʵ޷ˡ

ǰδ֮£Ƽ֣Ҳ֪𵽵Ǻ⣬תһЩĹȥһżûյظ

˼ΣҲˡ

ֻϣҲֻǰԭдβδԼܲμԣһ˳ĻӦѾԶ˲ŶԣԼδ˵ִ

ѵ̫μӿƾ٣ûõ״Ԫ
벻ףԼ⿤һжԭͬˣֵֻȹһˡ

㣬òðΪԼδŬȣǴСİڻǵãԭػһѶдֵֽʱ⡣

ֻعеʳȫˮУ֣гǿ壬ɣҰ͸㣬Ͳл

סԶŷӦ׷ȥȵȣ㣡㻹û˵ͬͬأ



⼸꣬ȻʱڼһҲʵ̫Ȥڼϵʶ˼λѡ

װ֮˼вʲôܣҲŮһˣЩͬ顣

⽭⿤ҸɵйӼҲǲڽѷһӼٳǧ˿Ƶϵȴܼġ

ӼŮֵĹ֮һ

֪ǰ񣬶óǿɫϵȣ͸֮֬һѵһļƷ
Լˡ

ʶ꣬겻ǳȷʵ񰮲֣Ҳƴǣֻһͬȥ⿤¥š

ֲŮװǿŮΣȹġ֪СŮ˼ʱʱŹ䡣

Щ֬Σ϶͸ģʵ򶼱Լȥˡ

ΪӼŮһǧ⿤Ҳ㣬ֵ˶ΪҪˡ

ֶԴ˻ЩΣĻᵢԼѵԵǷҪǰԶЩֻ⣬¶ÿгŵԵ˼Ҷֵ֪λԴк

ĲϣֱҲˡ



¥ܴ󣬴һ꣬˵ѲΣ˼λμӿƾٵĿڴ¥ʫģ²ȥΪ¥֡¥յĿƾ׾λ⼸λ֮УһʱΪѻ

߽¥ֱýղ̫Ѱ

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ӣѦС㣬Сĸλˣ롣
˵űŶ¥ȥ

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ԸСƽߵЩɫֺסˣʵʲô£ô֡

ӣδ⣬ձҪˣѧָòͷأ

ִδĹЩէȻһֻ¶Լ̫Զˣѧϰƾ󣬷·ϱӵ¡
ɫɵһ㱣ˣڰСȥŲˡ

Ȫ뵽ʲôǰǻᣬûԿƾ֮кιעˡ

ǰֶԭʱ꣬زȥԭأϢ˰㵽Ѱ˽ƾ֮¡żĳȴδõһظѾ߽ٳҲԸӴЩصǰˡ

Ӳ࣬ԸһҲһΣͷһΡ

ǰѵĻǶʱ·ٴθǰԸ̸ǳ̾һǰ

⸱ģ֪ȥƫƧطѧ¶ˡҲ֪Ƨʲôסֵģ⿤úõӲǻͷҪ˽ңԼʱȥȰ⣬Ҳֳ֪ɺ

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ղ֪ˣ洫̶ȴڶһ㣬ǺĶ

ףʲôۣеһὫ֮ԼֻҪűǡ
ԼԼáľһϢ

źվҵȥ






14.  ϸ   ˺졣

¥¥Ƴʣɫ̴ľűһ㹤Ϊ

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Ѻ࣬ȻԻЩĿѣֻ÷߷ߣֱ֮ʮʡ

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ٲ˵ڵأŽߵİ״һƬƬɫ֭ˮ½ϣġ

꼰ĿվһԣüһУдҪôںСʰҪôŲǮ׼뿪

һŷľƵббڵϡ

һ걳˳ĺڷڼ󣬲δڣ޳ɫۣŲһ㣬ּ˿һʱҲ˵Ǻֲϡ

ĶվһŻ󣬴ѩ׽гһ̽ƴűӣòʣʵмֹӵϢԼƵˡ

ʶǷҶӷԶ
Ǿ̣Ū⣬⽭ҲһңֻȻȥԶͬһˮƽȻʶ

һ۱ϳԶΪһ֧ӣȴһ֣ҪԼȻˡ

˵֧ǶһʮرĺССһ飬ȴĿ

⿤ǳģǿһ㣬ԶȥҲΪ͸ԼĿģӲҪᡣ

ǴηԶû֣ܰһʱ֮⿤ΪЦ̸ʲĴɢӵҥԣǱĸ֪ˣѹȥ

յ˲в⣬ô˵ҲĶквִ

ΣҲ˽ֳֻŲ࣬ҲûϹ

û뵽ԩ·խվڴ˴ˡ

Զעڱϣδĵ
ͶŸӵܵı˰·һȣǲмƢѣȴŵүǰˡ

һȻ빫ʫǣ˲ʶô
ǣʲôذҲˡ
ŸĪҪô˵Ƶطû˲οأű˸׻ȥ
ǼҪ˵Ƿ빫ӵԴɫ֣



һԲֿ̬ʱУվŵ𽥵۵ϵĳЦ֮⡣

Ÿ֮һѧʮأμ˲֪ٻԣȴֱͨ

ǰˡ
ʮ壬ƾʲôõذף

վԼǰ·ǳЦԼʮصĹšֻһԲ˫ȴӣǼ˷·𶼺޼ֵһ˿ۼ
̬ȼŭĶʻ⡣

缸ʱл룬ֻԼĲŻѡʵ֪ԼＸǾͨԵġ
ȻˣѲˣֻϣ˶Լһͬ볾޳ͷ֮ա

λķ빫ѿȥ֮˳ͻֻûָܾ˲źá
ôһ˫۾ţԼͨ巢

˿ڿˮɫССһذף˲빫ӣҺúýѵ㣡

Ÿδ磬Žʵúܣ˵ȭͷȥҪ֡

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ŹƽĶµġ

ⳡס֣

һһֱԹ۵ķԶע·ƽ֮ˣȵӴⲻˣ

⻰Ŀϣ֮ǰһֱǸˡ

ò㣬ķɫĵмͦü޸жš˫۳ԼʱˡָеԼ·ʯһ㣬ָӲ

˺졣
ΪʲôԼ

ֿһi״֣ѰiǳɫЩ졣

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˵ŻʾһĴƬĵ档
ˣ²£ֵ˻ңͬоƤһ㣬ȴЩˡ
˴򽻵ˣֻ֪ҪԼܰѶԷƼ

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ΧЩ˶˱ͯԣʱȻͨԵġ
иԣ¥λѧӶȴһ˲棬ʫҲ

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˵ףԸȴ˵㲻ܿСԶܿڼͱѹʱֱôֻֻ̧ȾҪߵ߽ѵһ
θնԭء

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־þòأ˺¡

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ˣԶɫ˲䣬վ˶֮ǰֱЩŵĲŭɢ˷εЦ⣺СҲڰ

⿤Ϊһˡ֪ٹүԶ֮һ

ֹ֪ϵ׽˵߻ԼҲֲ˺ã͵ӿЦλø㷹
˵ú㣬۾ȴݺݵһۣԴ˽ŵʮֲ

ܾǳˡ

ϻ۹ˣɨһǽ֪˺¡οԶƽﰮ˵¶˵١䣬Ըͽ£˵ձֵ֣׼һ¥뿪ⳡ־硣

¥п˲٣ô˵棬ԶٴαֻܾԼ涼ӵ˵²ȡΧʱͶĿ޵ݡ
һ˦䣬бһֱվһԣǷѵ꣬Ҫ뿪

Ÿӵŷ빫ӵԼŵ˶ҪˣĻᱻƹ⳥𻵵æȥžݻ

ţθԶҪÿ





15.  ñطʱ   ʹ˱ɡ


ֱѸŮһ̨ͬߣ⻰˶ס
˼룬ͷ˻ͣԭء

˫۾ʼϡ

ղǸ˽ʲô

ǡ


ܵŵ˲ٶɻػͷһۣԼҺǸ֪˭·˶ţдϤ롭
ʶ

Ѿס֣·ȥ

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˼οڣأȴеƺбĵƬź䣬ɬɳƵĸо޷

֪˶ãһԼ𡭡磬𣿡

֪ǵġ
лȻʳҪ׶ԷĻش𣬲ȷδϴ

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ȴûҵϲãʧá

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վԼǰԼ硱֮ʱ

һ۱ϳˡ

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ǰˣֱꡣ

ǵ˶˵ͬ
Լ绨죬ЯͬС

Щʳ͵̸ۡ
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кذٸнӣ֪ɬպޡ

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ԼҪȥĻƣ
Լ絶ʸϵĿտֵ
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ñطͻȻҡ

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עԼѣɫ任ȷʵвپ

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֪ԼǾʶºͣ

˪ҲһۣĿƳǶ˷ŻཻһϣζŤͷ뿪

Ҫߣֻ㱵ɫȥĺѵ֣ȻȻȥɣһ£һ
˵ձ㼱Ҵ׷ȥ

ǵһμ⸱ģãȻǺЦ֪ʲô£úǰʧ̬

մĮһݸΧʳ񣬵¥

Сǹɫ㰡
Ҳ֪ĵ㣬ֻͬ
ҲǸɵģ黹ˣ٣




ͷܶԼǸٽطѧӿ˸⿤׼ԡ

ȵȣ磡
֣
𡪡

ִȺ֮УӲ̫ߣ뵹ࡣ
׷ŵȳôһѾԶ˺ðſˡ

ֻǺ׾ЩⲻֿʼֱŤ÷ɿ죬ԴδͻȻұܷ˿顣

λһ£ֳסһСľסӡ

ٵĴϢĶĤǰ˲ٺڵ㣬ڵסǰߡ

ôһͣ£ǱԺ뷨ͳͳԺǽ

ҡ
Һα׷

׷֮˵Щʲôأ
Ϊʲôûҡ
Ϊʲôûҵż

һУأ
Ҫ׿ڳǲԼ

񷽲
ǡ
ȡ衣

ˮӶǻգڵ档

ǹһԳĻȣԼŵΪе

ӣǿʲô

ʶԼű˵ľǵС⣬æ̧ͷǸ̯ϵĶҡɡ
仰ں䣬û˵ȥ

Сǰվŵꡣ

׷һֵƣѿٴļ䷭ӿǼⷢᣬ˲һ뷨Թôˣ

𱾲ټת֮ʿͷһߣ
ʧȥҪ֮˵Ĳ̿˲ռȵع㷢ԼѾվ

ǰɫҰף޽΢ʪ촽Щ

룬ǳǰ֮ͬ꣬Ҳùػһ䣺ôˣ

ҡ˵һֱãڣߣȴ䣬ܵüЩˣ±߰ɡ
Ҳ֪Լôˣ׷˵˻ˣԼҪߡ

һԵСŶˣ֪λҪǲ׼ˣһᣬɫҲЩá

ע⵽ˣóӷϣˣǸ
˵꣬վǰһۣҪ뿪ȴӡ

֮£ڿڣүһˡ
β΢һֱעţҪ

Լһʱԭպðҵ̯ˣԼҲӾҪ⡣

Ĵ֣ĳֶ֣֧ôơ

غϣЩֲϦϦˡ

촽࿣Լ硭֡
֪ԼҪ˵ʲôֻ·Ѿ˿ƣǰꡣ

ֱһǮǰ

ǮǻɫֲƵģδùĲϣȴһ۱˳
ﲡʱȥǸ

¼µˮбļԺӿһ˲ƽɫĳʳ֮ʳүӣպá

ָ̧΢΢عӹǮµ̧עǰȻϤһе֪꣬ûзϵıҪ֪Ҹģ

涼¾ɳ̶޲ɫ׶µġشĻҲ˵þǧ֮һ㣬˲֪νϡ

ԭˡʱҲãЩŴǮжϤÿֻҪôУɫ¾ɡ

̷֪Ը⣬лȥǮׯһġ֮ԲôΪʱ岻ʣҪӳһأ

ջǽӹǮ֪ζջЩǮġ

ͼ䣬ʾ֭Ҳֻʳһ䣺̻𣿡

ɫ䣬ȴʹ

һֱȻע⵽ˡС⡱һ£ԭȻ岻ãʼտ⸱ģĪǳʲôˣ

֪ʧԣ˵ȥȴشǰʧˡ

ôᡭ
ǰǡ뿪ꣿ

ﵱǼõģڹģҲ̲סʵڡ֮

𿴳ʲôֱӵ뿪ա

û뵽ղûУǲԼˡ

ǡ
߬Ǯָڷף꾿ʲô

ǰ꿴һۣʶסǰŵǿi֣ضնϹһض˵
үʹ˱ɡ

ķֻһƬɫ½ǰɡ





16.  ΨԸƽ   Сʦҿɷ֧һء


ɽ֮£ͷܶ

֪Σϴ빧һһʰ׶ϡ

̴ζߴ

峿Ũδɢᱡİɫɴɽ˵ͬӰһ㣬ӰӰ´£֣·Ʋ֮һ㣬Ȼעˡ

ɽµŲٽηרΪԸɽĻ́ΣƽԴΪ

ִδһͬˣЩ˭ܳΣаźõΡ
ǶǰȴҲδ׼Щη

˵ݷ𣬻ԼȥóһЩ
οβΪԼΪˡ

һźЮ̴㴵һߡ
ߵü岽ҪЪһᣬ磬ѽԽȥ

ɽµش⿤ǧɲСÿսӴﲻƽԵⲻݰݡ

Ƕǳͣʯж֡

Ժ󷽴ǻеֻԶĽˡ
ھ븮ֻʣ֮ʱһȺģǱ׼Եѧӡ

û뵽ûˡ

ԭᶼѾΪˣһʱ߶ˡվ˵ǰμӸԵʱȷʵôһǩڡ

ʲôƢԣĸģмѧһҲһֱڿջ顣
û뵽ʱˣѧݷ
ҲǣĿƿܵһݷĿɡ뵽ջ˴ȺѧӵĿ⣬ʵǡ



϶ġ
ʱڿջɡ



ɽ֮ʱѾ쵽磬۵ֽǰľ˺һŻ

ǰɫĴ⣬ӵϢ

߽űġǡһλѧӣǰɽаݹнʿ̶Ըһƪ£ؿǰʯ֮ϡ

ʱʯ֮ǰΧ˲ˣһֶپ鷨ʱʻѧϰһֳӣҲΰݣϣմմʿĲ

ֿò죬û뵽ЩѧѾزϸ룬ԼΪҲǺö٣ʮЦٲˡ

û߼Сɮӭ˫ֺʮ˾ţʵʩǰ֪кСɮܰæģ

˸񣬽Լǹŵ˵Ĳ۾Ӧδΰݣ

Ĳ۾ǳڿڱߵġǡ˵׹ɡ˼룬Ϊ˿ƾٰλȻò

ԷĲʱ㱩¶СɳʻЦʩĲ۾ǲء

⻰ֱɽ˫ոͨ죬û뵽˸ôΪƽһʱ֮ҲδЩ
аգ뵽·Щʲôأ

λɮ˾ϹǸڶԷƢƽͣƽϡ

ò¶ѡеûˣ⣬ֳָµ⣺Сʦȥһˣƽ

бǾγ֮ţƾٶ˵̽ȡʵԼ治󶼲кθı䡣ȻˣƽףԸ˳˳ƽƽϽׯ



ùի㱻۱

Уһ˸ߵǰŴ͸չ⣬ƻԻ͡
˫ĿԴصĿˣעԼµһͽΪǴϣ밲

ֶѾĦÿԭģɫ֮ϣϣߵݡ

ƽƽ念
ңҵļˡ
ںãʱһ㡣

ƽ׼ȥѰպʹʦ⡣

պʹʦ޷ףһɫģվڵ֮һׯ֮Ĺ¶˵ıŨľýòŻϵ̴ľ˷ɡ
Ϊǽǩ

ֲǵһμλʦ

պʹʦзɣ಻ֻ֪ʮˣν¸ءʦƽﳣУٳͷǩҲѵˡңÿǮ֪ж٣λʦиĽ顣

ֲ̫ϲӴλʦֱݵʱʱͶϣ·ԼĽһ㣬ҪѰӡ
Ǻ뷨λʦ˾ȻʵġҪҲΪÿպʹʦֿ⡣

Ѱʦǩɢſ첽߹ȥ˫ֽϣԼ⡣

պʹʦӹ󣬲̫࣬ȥֵĳʲôӣǿһⲢΪԼ󣬶Ϊһ˵ƽ

˷𣬿պ֪⡰һˡǰʩ鲻ǳͳдŰĵоԸʩģĳ顣󣬱Ƿӡ

˱ֲ֤ʶԼЩ̫ƽˣϽվֱպʹʦһ񣺡߶Ŵʦˡ



ɽϳΪ֪ɽϵƬǾøʢ

Ͱ깦֮żҾ˴ЪϢƬ̣֮ٻȥ

˼·ƾɽһʼʢ

Ƭɳ

۵Ļ׷£һ紵һŤĳУ˼䡣

ƽպʹʦȥһڿ⣬ȻøϣѰ˸Сɳִ;

ⰻȻʻԴɳ

̲סɳѯʣСʦҿɷ֧һȥ

Сɮ˴ŻҰɫѣǰӢͷ׵Ļ棬ܾ˵ʩлֱۡ⶯ʹ

˶ͬˣҲٿδƬֹһȦٲժժһ֦

ɫֲ֦漸׺żɫСĵĻɫǱ紵΢ΣܲסĴ

ϲý⻨

һҪߣ޵ġ
ҪԼģܴġ

ʱƽӦûԼںðɡ
ܱǰĺѡİɡ

֪Լ뿪ԭȥû֮Ρ

֪źԼûʱߣǰûԼЩˬԼ֡

ʱ̶룬ôأ
ûԼӣάأ
еµ

ÿÿ뵽һɬ޲ýʱڴϲŵԼѣȥԪ֮Լ
չûȥ

Ҳ޴֡
뵽ٽʲôٲֿտȥջ

⼸ķֱΪѾˡ˭֪ϻټŷԼ᲻ĵһѵġ

ԭѾˣΪδ־塢ΪǣֻҪ
ĳٽһΡ






17.  Ҫ   סڸ¥


µһֲ֦Ը鷳Сɳ֣æԼ¶ֻ֮Լ˻ᾰ׼ȥǿƽ

չһǽ֮ʱȴϤ

ôС㶼첻

빫ӣľˣӲԣǲϳǿջ

гȥƽϵͦã

ܰնУҲ˵ػˡ˵ѧӶݷˣǲǿջдǰ˹أ

ǣʱţձ㸮ˣд¡

ֲЦ˼ֻڿջ飬ڡšɡ

Ѿһ˵Ϥվ¥ķԶһ˴δĸࡣ
ΪʲôҪѵΪ˴飿
Ҳûʲôðɡ

˽ĶԻɻ

ԶܻүֶźˣûѵҪү˴Ͽջ

һ˱Σ뵽ʲôµ⣺빫ĪǰЩЩкҩʱ͵͵ķʳ֮Уһԡ֣Ҳֻǿջ˲ɾ鲻ϡ

ĶԲԶ⣬ݺݺһˣ⣬үȻҲղ˱ʣ

ð˾Ȼô
ΪԶֻǸͨӵܣû뵽֣Ҫķҩ

н޲ʱɽȥͨ籨š

Ȼ֪ܴݾߡο˴ֻԼһˣǸСɳֶ뿪Ǳ˷Լ͵һУҲʹºˡ

΢һΣװͻģ

ֱתǶ˵ĽŲԶȥŸ߳

ƬƬ괵ǰ棬ŲҴұߡ

յţ˲ĳϵ¶ˣк˸ηҪɽȴüǸһ԰Сɳ֣ʩСɮ׼ƽȥ

ǵɫֽʮֹɰŵͼֿ󶮣뵽Լһ˷ԶıɲǱƽ

ôһ룬ʦķ˼֮⣬֣ص˫ֽӹԼ֮У˫ֺʮǰϹлСʦӦպʹʦлֻһ£òȥСʦʦתһ



סŵĿջѴ⼸ǰǻҲҽȥ

ջһĻȻʶʵӣ⻹סꣿ

ջͨˮƽֱϾ⿤ĺˣѹС˾ȣ֪ջĶλ͡

ֱļ٣޲õܸ֪Ҫ

ſڣ֪Զδжǳ֪ȥ֮οںѣҲ֪Ƿ

С̫Ѿеʳǵע⣬˿ʼſŵ¶

ֺȻָѼϼܵĸоսееʸϸ˳ĴָĦ΢΢΢Щˣͬʱһ

Ƭ֮ǰһˡ

СЩȣջЩĹӸǳ޵ģӴĻѧӣƶ߶ѵ
û뵽оʶ֮ˣĺӿͷСʵ֪ҵǺˣ

𣿡

𣿡СԾİθߣҪҵλסڸ¥ӣ

¥
û뵽ľס˵ز

֪ЩСջлһ¥ֻǸ¥Ϊ۶޽ǸǣƽСסҲЩխǺõס

зᣬԼΪʲôûǰ𣬲С·˶¥

ǰķŽգֻϸ΢ĥд

ţ˼زɵûصǰգҲôţߵֺһ䣺硣
ʱͬǣֻһ䣬һֱŵžʹˡ

ǰһͷֱǰ΢΢͹ĺᡣƣ˫ķۡ۽ĳȴʮƽ·ֻǸİˡ

ű֧һ

Ůȥͻ
˺ֺ֪αҡ

ôţĺȾ˲

ĿעţֵԺһƬհףſڣȴδ˵ʲôǽһֱ߬˳ȥ

겢δֽӹӴ£˳۽޸סзӿŵ˼ʲô

Ҳ֪ʲô֪ٴÿ͸еţĿİͰ͵ƽҡǡ֮Ǳƽõģף㸮˳

֪Ϊʲôô˵ǰϢȻǧֲ̬̱֮׽˵ʲô

ҡΪȥġ
δ˵꣬ͱ˻ȥˣүӲĳֻԼ˵ҪŹϡ

ָϽȥȵȣ

ŵٶ̫죬ʳָָŷбסȻˣָҲ̱

ʮָģʹпν͡ݶŤһ˲ȴӲƽָʹ׼ûԶı˵

ûϵķӦ

ֱʳָָűżе֮ʱЩףָǳѪס

³çΪЩأүˣĳȥ𣿡

ǳʶʱһԴĵľϣʱҪȥ١

û뵽ʱǨһ

׵úݣȴ˷УһԵĹ﷭ҩࡣ

ֻһľΣ£ֽ֧һһϣ磬û¡

ͷҲأ㰲һ

õҩɫҩ࣬úܣСʱҶԼŪͨ죬ԷԼĨҩ

öԷЩͯ£ﶼǰ磬ҩҼСʱҲôĨҩġ

¥ϵķֻһС

Ϊͨ磬նš͸СյϣΪ֮һ⡣

ĵķҶͻȻǿ˶˵ĳ

¥һ˲䰲׵ӡ

۾òǳĿ⣬ٿͷΪҩȥڶߵߴߴ

ȵĨҩָϲűʱֲ΢𾪣ôԣЩŰƽʱ𣿡

ûлش˼ƺһа֮󣬾Ҫˡ

ֿһ㣬ϽԼ˵ҸղȥɽƽǡԶһҪķҩ

ǰһ䵭·²ؼӣЩˣ磬ҪȥҼסһɣձҪˣɲܳʲôסǶҲܰһЩ

ǸյƽٴóӲУƽõģ֮ǰزʱҲǼȥɽƽŽ磬͵Ϊİ𣿡

ʲô
ûлԭ

겨һ˿ѷ죬Ŭűƽ飬Ⱦ˼ֵţǸ˻

ָ飬Ȼʶǰһֱڹڻ֮©ΪʲôûиԼʵûйҡûа취Լȫϳο˻˵Ź

ֻúǵһһؼ֮һزֱǰתҡһ£뵽ǰողʱΪϵһŬҲ֮󣬾һֱŸ㣬ȴʼûеõظ˵ιһʱеЩģ̫ᡣ

ȴüͷҴδչż

۾Բţһ˲Ѿı۵ԼҵסԼͳż

ֱ껺ǰТڸ֮һȥˡ






18.  ǰʱ   ʧá䱦


˵⿤յĹأŮТ꣬ɲμӿƿǵ˹٣ϸĸɥ£Тڶꡣ

˵һȻûвμˡҲˣμⳡԣ˵

㲻ǣڤڤԵأ

ֵȴһ˿벻ΪԼĵɵĺЧӦԼйأ޷˵޷κһ˵

ע⵽еĻ֣̿ܵвĵǣܵľ㤣һֲŵľ¾š뵽ͬŵԼʮʹһʱε˵ĵûС

˽͹ڡҲǼб鵢ˣҲͻȻ岻ˣٶĽҲŲꡣ
꣬ʼûеȵ

ͷˡ

Ǽ䲻ļžСճĺڰ·ǽǡ͸׹䡣ǰֻüһ飬ֳδü黹顣
ѽˡ

Ǽӵÿһ䣬Ļ䡣ǺԼ׵ĻǺ˵ġ

һƬѹУ֪ҲȲһˡ

ҹûйİͷ죬ΪףģҪˣûг֡

ӿ״ѣȰҪμӵĸԣǴһͬķܲͬķ飬ӴطѧӡʶԼȻһٱĵزӵĺ⣬ֱμⳡԡ
ҲǻԵɺϣ

룬һԼˡ

мֻȸͣڸ¥ϣߴߴиͣ

¿ͷסŵѧǶЩϵȻǾôˡ

˳ſ򴰱ߵĿ⣬Լַϵ֧һСķɨһȦǸʢˮĲ

滹ʣң¶ȣѾˡ

е֦һ˽ȥǡ÷ڴߣϻմżβСĽϵˮ飬չ¾Ө͸ӳͷ׵ɫʡ

Լĳɹ־⼫ˡ֦۵ĻΪƵķһĨ̲ס۾촽¶˿Ц⡣

Թֻһֻõ֒ôãż仨Цôġ
վûסʳһ۾е⣺һȥɽ£

ֵͷʲô⣬ȻҿǴȥˣұ׼һ𣬿һǧС㣬ܶȥôԶĵطֲ̫˸ţԼȥˡ

ԭǸŮһĵ䳰һ֪Լеܵõʲô𰸡
ҲǺبڶ֮ģʱ̶ĿڵǿʯŲ˼ģʵֻһΪβ͸

˭ֻعͷһۣ˵𣿡
סˣ˵˵ģǸŮӣʲôö͹ȥģ֮ǰǿһ

ɽ죬⻨һ뵽ıΨһһ뵽Ҳֻ

ôţ¶󡣵Ҳδӣֱӵժʱû뵽ֻ͸㡣

룬ˣͬСʱһÿЩ޵뷨ðͷʱͿʼ˵Щֱ׵Ļһ㣬ָոպĿ

Ŵ֧ӭһðصϲ޷ļ¶·ļҲһػ

ΪʱȻЩȷƺʲôԼƿأҪݱ޷ܵˡ

Ϊһᶼ˵ûܻԭأΪءûҲ³

ûܵõظżɢճ

գһ⡢ʹࡢʧźĨȥʧһЦ

ǰ룺磬Ҫһؼסҵٹңֻסţʲô鷳ġ

ˡһжá

ıָࡣ

˵޸ĸȻһ
˵»ֻͨһԣŶûпϡ

ʶĺҲǵǸ֪׺һб˼Ҽȥ

٩
ٵ˸ԡԺԣٵּаݻᡣ

֪Ǹѵӣֿھֻܾ죬ټ̸¡

ˣҲҪջķˣҪ㡣ֿǰȻһΪӣֻ˵磬ѾܾҼסֻÿոͷݷܿ԰ɣٲͬ

ԣ뿪ȴ͵Ҫһš

ֵܾĵһ֮Ȼͷ˵޷ٴξܾοȻδԼ뷨֪ǣϣÿռˡ

һǹģ¥ԶЦ֣˵һδμͯԵˣ޷Щǵ̬
仰һֱԺС

ûвμͯԡ֣עŶԷ۾ƽƽѯʣڳһȶʵ

ע£ֻһлԶᱻĲһֱԼ飬ѧ˹ɣμӿƾ١ѾԣμӸˣԼȴֻһֺСѧĹӸ磬·ԼʱЩʥ鶼ιȥˡ

ѹ᲻ˣˣҲ޲ôδйԼһѧ

ܲμӿƾأ

ЩŮװƾٵڷ⳯򲻿ܵġ

ڽ뿼֮ǰѧժñǷЯ׵ֽšļ֮£ûŮӿܻȥɻء
ҲδɹŮװҪԭ
ŮӲܲμӿƾٿԣŮװûκ飬ֻμһƾٿԣҪס

ʱôãҪ̹ԼŮװĳ嶯Ѿɢûò׽ǰ⿪֪ԼһֱƭԼҲ˵

ֿǣ˼ǧذת뵽һԵĽڣҽһֱ岻ãʵ̫࣬˵ҵ壬㲻ٱҽѧˡ

徿Σ⻰ȻҲ׷ˣ˼Ĳϡ

ʵѾöˣ磬ͨԺԺԣԺұһȥԺ顣ǰһǵͬڴ˵⻰ʱȷʵĵģ᲻ѡ

ĳŵ𳾷Ҳɵмֶݡ϶ҪˣѾ뿪ˣǰȴһˡ

ʧá
䱦

΢΢ףȥǷͨԺԣšֻá






19.  i   ҵͬҵ֪ҵġ


Լǳ䶨㣬еԼѪҺı붼ΪУǰδеİȴĵϣʱԶͣ
õٴ¼ŵԨҲöԿһ˵ǰ·

޷жԼ־ʲô飬Ǿһʱ飬ǣ޹ҵһǣ

룬ҵͬҵ֪ҵˡ

ǰ⼸¡δֱø߷ǣȻǹĹݸ壬ȴܿڷµķâ

Ȼ⼸겢δѧżֵġǰ־ѱ޲ڣʱԻġ

ɱϾ꣬ƵּȻ˴ͬ

ֵָԲ㣬·ϵ֦Ҷһ㣬磬

ɣֽϣʵߡ

ֵ˻дֳҪǵˡϽдּֽţ۽ɨ˹ڴǰǿ塣

ǰ¥֮ʱע⵽ϸһм뿪ǻ͵ǰǿ񻷡

ֱŴǰʵֱ̫ףĿȥע⵽

΢סһ˿

iͬνԫi
iһ㶼Ǳ𡢶Ͼ֮⡣

ңſڼi

֣û˻һӣʱϲƷӣ֪ˡٲҲᱻҽǰҲδѰ

ֻ뵽ΪԼδУiҪԼһϡ
ҲˣֲŻԹޣΪ˺ġ

δͱȷãô͵ĻᶼδҪԼأ

ֲ֪Բô࣬ʵΪʧԼŽˤ

ûע⵽仰Ĺʡ

񻷣˼ظһ顣

԰ⲻҵ뿪ʱſڵǿ𣿡״ɫǰһȱڲ룬µ񻷱޶£ӦԼϴˡοҸԣǶһ޶ģϴҲûеڶһģһ񻷡

еԼصһ£Լ񻷣i
ǰˤģġ

ԺĶϼֽֽiС

ԭȱھ⼸ʱϴ֮±Բ֮಻ˡ
ʼǵãȱڲЩƽ

ʱ񻷣밵ʾŮ֮⡭

ֻú˵ҵʱ˵һģͬҲ֪ˡĻᱻ֣ѱǻϲͷԡ

ϣ˶в˵ܡ

ֲ׼˵ԭ಻ԸԼǹ˼Ღǰ



ֵĵһ±ȥӦ˴ȥԺҪ

ȻΪ𣬵ԾװԸӣôת

㣬˵ɣԸȥԺһģ·ֻҪȥ飬Ǹӥܸɵó

Цһ飬ԴõܵܣôʲôҪأ˵ƽ⿤˷ˣˣ

ЦŪһ飬ȰԼҪɫ

ɫͲģ㣬ұֻ֤ҪȥԺԺһаҲϹڡ

ǲ档е½ȥֳָڶ߽ԼĴ˵˳



ձǸԡ

⼸ȥջͷ

¶ȻҲѾСˣʼŲġΪ˲Զľ裬δÿջֹͣͷˣֻÿնʳãЩջʳŽʳУٴ

οڼҴѧϰÿҲֻǴҴҽȥ𿴿飬һ֡

ɫ磬ŵš

գ˽ԶסʱҪЩСٳǰϢԶǱߵѾ˶ջĻƣ׼ҩڽķС

ڵȵˡ
ЩȲ

Уʳеķ˰ڳ˱ǣʳ󿪡

δһͬ÷ǼҩĲ磬ˡһ˳˳Ϊƽһģ

ҪȥҷԶһ˫ӣڿ⣬תŵʵ

ֱ뽫¸ѷԶķ˻ˣԼҩĶˣջοԡ⻰˵ԵЩ񶾣׼ȥ

һ۱㿴뷨Ҫѵ㡣

Ļ˳ŷ紵ֵĶߣƽȴеһ⡣⼸ദ̫гǰԭɱᣬ顣

ԭʱڿǰ֪ģڽǰڱּдС˿ʸҪ

СǰŹ⣬ͷֿģɫϣǰ˱ԭ鵭ĮΪκˡ

˵ǰǵԼˣڵȷʵΪѿǡ

Ϊ˲̫ע⣬ϴŵǼɫѧû⼸սϳҲֻѧӼ໥֣̽Ӧûж롣

Ұɫ۱紵ת߽˷䡣

ЦЩЩȰ⣺磬Զҩ㣬ұʳֻרǣһڷյİ񵥶Ͽ֡

ÿһԺ󣬶һŰ񵥹ǰѧӣͨⳡ֮ˡԽǰȻɼԽá

˵⻰϶𽫻ⳡõ֮λ

ỺЦڷųһ˿Ц⡣

Ļش·ŵһ㣬ͬƽˮµöʯӣΧĲ

ġ

߳ȥʱ˷ţûע⵽ľǰеĿӣŤͷ˴֧ӭһ



úϵķУ߳ջתһսǡиŮڵȴ˴˸棬ͷʾ⣬ֱ㽫ʳнԷ

ԶΪһ竹Ӹ磬ǿǰգҲͷ˵

֪ǶԼ̫ģǲ⸮Եһ¡

ŮӱǷԶҹ¥֮еŮ̡

Զ뽫кҩķ״̬ѣ޷οۻۣ⾫ļӹķ͵ԶԸһ´ŸʹȥԵʹѿ

ŪһУֱظЪϢˡ

Ͼ׼ڹԺǰͿ

ԵĿԺîʱһ̿š

îʱ賿㣬˯Ͳ˵ʵЩѶȡ

±ϾʮҪԸˣԡ˷Уʼ˯⡣






20.  Խʱ   ʵǺη


컹δǼˡ

îʱδԺǰѾǧ

ִһ˽δС̴Ӹţһվߡһ磬ȷϵ𣿡

׼֤ʮϸ񣬳ȥ֮⣬һɲԴκеıīֽⶼɿṩ

һÿһ죬ǰһѧӲܲμһԡǵһ˹ġ

Ĭдӡ
ⲿֶڼȺĿ˵ڻ£֮ǰѧʱ˵ҲǺѶȵġ

Ȼ֪𲻻⣬ʮֽţϾȥа˹أдٻ㷢ӣһһûдãƫˣǿˡ

ԽԽվסⲽԼȥҪġ

ģ𿴵úЦղμԵʱʮ㣬Ϳûǰ߸ڼУһ˿꼸֮󣬲дʲô⡣
иڿΪԼǣʵɢ˼ҹĺ

ץסһҪȷǷЯ˿ֵ֣ܣҴˡģֻܷŰȥͷҵֱǡ

Ļɢ˼ֵĽŸУҲԼõӰ쵽ԷŬЦЦ˵öԣ϶û⡣ҪȥԺԣôҲøСԪû⣡

⻰һԵѧЦ

Ӵⲻ𣿻ûأ͵СԪɱϲѽ
ƽʲôһëûСˡ
ǰò׻˸ذף⸮ԻǵñԭΡʱɱŻȥ裡
ѽˣе޸ĸأ

ǰĻֱѾŭĿΣˣսȭͷҪȥѵһǣҲԼܷùԷ

ס

ɫƽ·δ˵ĴѵĻαһȺһʶҲδǶһԣǵҪʩĿġˡ

⻰һϷЦŭǻô˵ȫΪˡСԪ£Ϊ֪ȷʵʵѧܽӰԣǺֶΪ

û뵽ǣԷûţӰˡΧ컹δǵɫȴܿ죬Ȼˡ
С˭أ

Իδʲô

Լߴ˴롣󣬱Լߣһָúʹˡ

ǼűҪֵ֣дž棺Ժǰߣ俼ʮ塣λƤҲסɡ

ĶˣǱţǼеıһϸƤ⣬ԴΪ١

ƤȴЩũġụ̃ȻǶ˿ϵġ˸еԼ裬ҪԴһȣѪӿּװԼ֪ҲĶˡʱȷʵˡ

ֻÿԣ˾ͱѺȥ٣ӱǣǽҲգҰˡ
ս֣ȫǿơ

һƬŨĺҹԶĻǵĵһݸӳ
־ã۵ƺҪƬҹһŨˡ

ðɣ磬㰲ĿԡֻϹˣһɽ򴽣ݺݵһһۣ˸ϽؼҰɣ⿤ҵĵ̣ҼҪǺÿ

ŴȻŮһͣЩĺݻųҲûʲôơЦ

ȴֶĿ⣺Ϊأ㻹Цң

ûСҹдñְУֵܻңҺܿġ



Ժ֮УǧѧѾѰԼλá

һϯ֮أȴδˡ

֮ǰ˵һյĸԿ徭ֱ˹ġ

ʵ̫򵥣ЩĿӡ徭оġʫ񡷡񡷣ԼСġ׾顷򴫡롶֮ѡȡЩϤʱܴ

ȥĬдȱ֮Ƕ͡

ȻΪѧǶǱġ徭עѧϰҲ˻ǴδѧϰĿ



˹֮ˡ

˵ԣʤƪ˹ˡ

Χţżɳɳķֽ

ſƵֽ֮дŵ仰

Уǿս塣

һ۱֪Ǵӡӹ֮ѡȡ

ܿٲǰѧ֮ˡ

˹ѡȻڡ顷徭֮ѡȡֻô࣬Щþһ졣

ش˳Ӧ

ش֣һֻضϡһǡضϺƴ

ǰ߱ǽһ仰ѡֻȡǰһһ룬硶еģԻʡ⡱Ҳǽص°õĿǡԻǽȫɵĻƴһ硶ӹ֮Уϲŭ֮δν֮С롰кͣλɣɡ䱻شɵõϲŭ֣ɡ

ǰ׶⣬ƫ߸ǶԿҪ󼫸ߵ߼޹仰һ⡣

ԵȴѣǴӡӹѡȡһľӡ
˵Ϊ˴ӦԼļ֣ƫУԭ

Ŀ˼ãպī

˱磬г

Լ˼õд¡
Թŵ֮Ρʥ֮һС

ǳ⡣
ߡΪ׼Ҳ

˼ȪӿԵĿץ֪֮ʱƪ±УֻԾȻֽϡ

ⳡǵһȴҪһΪذ˹ɶʫʣĲƸʵڿнһοֵǰƪ˹µС
⣬ǵһͱˢȥĲοʸҪûеġ

ʱü죬ѧӲδѵƻʱ֡

Ȼδʱ䣬Ȼдꡣ
ԸԵ˽ԼԾװúһľϻ֮к󣬲뿪Ժ

ɫƽ÷·ֻڷӼƪһ㣬޶Լʮϲ֮ɫûдͷɥʧ䡣

޳ӰʧڹԺ⡣

Ѳӵѧע⵽˲ͬˣɵö࿴˼ۡȻ֪İ˹ƵΣݳ費鵹ʮֲ

ѧ˺棬Ը˽𷽲ŽȥĴ

һ򿪣㱻ӳĹݸּѵð

ǲ֪׿ֹݸ壬дε

ûһ˿ȻʮʵĻǸѧѧӡ

ٿǰ˹ġ

Թŵ֮Ρʥ֮һС


ӹΪʥͣɴд֮Ρ

ʶԼ֮ǷǡȻڰ֮ҡԴ֮Ȼ֮ҡ

䣬ѧֻĳȣ˶ʮ꿼Ͻʿ볯Ϊٵĺ׳־
ʱˣУҪǷǺڰףϣԼõĲܣ

µǾ䡰Իʤ֮νǿ֮󣬸Եƪ˹յ

ѧ쳣̲סڿⲽ

û뵽£һССĸ֮м

ʵǺη






21.  ж   ԸõףұΪ


Ϧʱڵƽ֮¡

ɫ߳ѧǣͬףǽĽһ㣬ҫ۵úܡ

Щţ˴˶̸Լ£Լʯ쾪һ㣬ľǰһ

ֻᣬȻԼ¸ãʱʱۡ

ֶЩ˲Ȥһ۱ҵ˴µȺ֮εӰֻԵεæԷȥϻ֣ͼԷע⣺磡

ߵǰ󣬿һ˿ЦҲޣʹ֪⣬̲סǵ𣿡

վǰһʡ

ûõ𸴣һ

ɣ
Ŀôд

ȥӲתƻҲûµģղ߹ȥöˣһдЩ¾֪϶ģ磬Լ϶û⣡ȥԵʲôɣ
ŶԷߣ׼ȥѰЩζȣǷա

Ȼ˺󷽴һЦ


ôЦˣ

عͷŻޱ𴽽ǿЦǳһɨգ˳

ִͣ˵ļ磺ðѧƭˣ

ֱΪƱ硰û˵Լûáߡѡ֮ĻץסԼʹԼ˫Ŀ

ƽڶȴһ㣬סԸõףұΪ

磬ףٵǰף

֮ʱµԸ
û뵽ǵá

ȻϤĻǽԼֳƺʲôǳǳðѿôأصҲ

ǰ룬Ӧ˵Щʲô

û뵽㻹ǵʱ

ΪʲôҪΪ



˼ӿԺһ飬ֲ˿˿ƾʲôͼЩ뷨ѡԼĵһδͱһɷ˼

㻹ҳڱүǰ!

عͷǷԶӲԶ߹

ԶɫҰףЩ˫߶ʱԼɼ΢΢ĲֶֻС˲Ųߵǰ

ۡķԶ˶ܵĹһûסЦ˳˸ӱŭһɡ

ΧĿ࿴ǣ˶ԷԶ⸱ģе棬οոտһҶЩҪɵ˼פһ뿴֡

Զô飿
Īʲôɣ
ʯԣǸѹ̫󣬷빫Ӳܲסɣ



Զòƽÿģȴͬ˥ܵĻ䣬ʧ

Χ۵һȺ󺰣

Щѧȴ̫ɢɢվڲԶúܣȴû취ֻð

ֲʳָָָ֣ðҾ֪ɵģ

ֹ֪һеⲻǷ빫ó⸱ģĪȾʲôز
˵꣬䣬סڱǣѽʲôζ빫Ӽûˣ

⻰ɹܻ

ٽû뵽빫˼ͣҪμӸԣֲѧ֮һҲⲻร

ȻƢ󣬵¥˳Ц¿ɻˣỹû

ԶҲȥ˻һСˣҷ֮ҩ
þȫκ̫úܡ

һãȻգգۣʵ빫˵ʲôأʲôҩɲ˵ô

Զҧгݣкҩ

ѽ⻰ˣҿװ⿤˭֪֣ô͵֮£ҩȥţǷ빫Ȼţ籨ٲ飿

ԶǸΪṩкҩĴһʱָ˵
֪ȥٸ˳ҩԵĻԼ

˺һᣬź㻹Ʊ硪

ֻ䣬ȴս󣺡߰ɣαԡ

Ĵг伡ϣֿŷԶǽģҲǣԼҲˣҲˣʲôƽȾһζ
Ӧ𻹼ˣŲҴҾҪߣԶԣǿߣһӰء

վסԶǶС׷

һ£סСֶ˱ȥʧ֧Զ᧿Σ̳Ųס˫һˤ

ڵϣˤ˸Ľų졣
ʹŭɶС

С˸ոܳҪ׷ǣȴͻȻӽлһʱԭأҲ֪׸ǰǺˡ

ԶˤûʹݶŤһʱּǻŭ֪ηй

ȻһϤĽʹгУɫʱֱˣ˲÷ŭС˺ϽһظͽҸ¥ң



Զ¶ֲٹˡ

֪˺ͷһĻǻһ䡰ж񱨡

ʱ¥дá

ƺֲˣһֱԵһΣˮ·ҵǷӡ

Ͼ¥µСһŴԲڷУΧΧһȦľӡ

ǽˣǣѵռô˷ѵض
ôֱЩʳʣеĿʵ

Ǽ

Ҫ˵޶Ȱɡ
룬˺ǰͿԼִŻӻӣȻˣ϶֪Լⷿÿûӡ

ϷϣǣôݳأµģֻżմĹ⣬ѡ
˵仰ֻпԼһô˴ֻҪίΪԼڹˡ

˭֪ͣɫˡ

ܸо¶ȶͺ񷿼ıֱһһ

ѵԼñ˰ľ¥ҲУ
ַ֣δײˡ

ûԼ£㶨µĵطΪҪ

ԭ
Gȵȡ
ˡ

ǲԸԼѣ뿪ʱҪҪбͬһ
ǳѵĴأοǸˡ

͵˿϶ɣ

ֵĺȻˡ

֣ģҲɫѵˡ

ֲǶ£˵űԷһ鶫⣬ɫƤۡԴ޲ڣƼǼҵĲ˿ɺóˣϻ㲻ǺͷԶlJ϶ûгԣϲһˡ

ɫѣ

ȻЩʺоһ˿ѵǰΪŮӳƵϡɫԼֻǡѡ

ԼеԼĲ֮ɣδΪʲôоͱһʶ廨⣬ŴζŨ֭ȷʵζ

ԭּٳٲֱ꣬ιˡ

ζһ¿ʳζһжӵĿԽɡ






22.  Ű   һأ


ζ泩ûסࡣ

ŻԲĶӣ̱磬Ҷˣҽҹ˯ˡѽ
һܣһ־ÿڸɣϵĲˮйࡣ

⸱ģϽˮУˣҴȥʳ

磬֣ĶˣͱΪˣקӰ֣

ΣֻǰȥӶԷִԼļϣ˰뱧ڻվ

ϣϣָоԼз·˼ʯͷӲ׹ܵý

ûſڣͲˣŹҰɣóѽ

·ʯĳһ㣬Ĳҽ˿ݣǿӲܣһֱţֻ˵Ӳǲ¥

һĻڶʳ͵Ŀ⣬ԸжˣҲǣҲǣʵûԼվţֻýǰ½Уװһֻ񣬼װ˿Լ

ÿǼʣСҪߣҲţֻںͷк˾䣺ߣ

ֺֻøĶӡ

¥ԶһΪ˴ƣΪһ
ͨϸ⿤Ҳֻһǰˡ

ǻƻ裬ţɫѰֻʣ½ֱߵĵǰ

ֱӲΧźһ·ȻԸʱñȷźЩ

ҵͤЪЪţͣӣʵԺҲôˣҪΪ㿼ôãְѷԶǵĳˣ˫ϲţʵǸ˲ûס

ô֪ҿúãһأ

ôܣ˭𣡡ֽʵЩ˷ܣδƣʱ˫ȴЩ糺죬ӵһؼʱ򣬲ǻ㡮ʼ׿

Χ谵ǰ˵Ӳǳ⻰ȴЩ档ɫͳʵӳμԣε֪

ֺȻס⵱ȻϿģǲ֪µѽҲ̫Сˣһʲô˵

һʻöҪڵ˲ѹԿϣƬ̣װûзӦӣǰӸ߹ҵġ

֪ûģϾʶԼǣߵģӦҲ˵ͨɡӴʱҲȥȷ١

ַ

Ҳδ׷ʣǰĻ
ÿؿ㶼ôԣ»ҿɲ̫ܿˡ

뵽Լ˰뿸뱧߳ŭ

˵ʲôѽֲɵģ
ҵ˸״ԪȻҪףһģʱͰڸȫϯҪŪˮϯҹҲԲģ

ͷƺѾʼǵʱҪѡٲɫˡ

ĺ׳ɫ̲ס˵ĳ¹кϱߣԵˮ⣬簺ĳУԡ

ҿɼˡ



ȻҪһѾϾҲʱȥֻÿոЩˣԼȥͷ档

˹죬ԵһŰʱڵˡ

ڰǷϵѧܷμӺԣԼʮ㣬Ҳ̫ģ٣ǵ˵ʱ򣬰ǰɽ˺Ҳȥˡ

ͷһزμӷŰ¼ŸСһ͵˰ǰ

ֻдŵġ
ꡭ

ⶼЩʲô

ſ˻ᣬʵûˣֻּȥ𣺡дʲôѽ

ش𣬷Զˣүӣ㾹Ű񶼿˵ʲôأ

ϢĻϻؼʱ׵ɫѱ˻ôߡԶһһȻˣͷдӦλš

ż⣬յߣСλǶѽȻʮģһʲôλţܣ

î𿴵ǰ뼫Ľӣأס˺Ż˵Լλš

ּϿȥ

Ȼ첢δļԣֻһۣע⵽š

ֽϣͷλεд֡î

찡㣡磡һּ˵ϣϲʤ

Ȼҡδô֮һ㡣΢΢ֻס֣ĶԷһˤˡ

̫࣬ÿͨ岻ãײ˵Ҳˣ߰ɡ

ܾôߣߵԶߣЦеʵ빫ӣ֪λʲôѽҸѧῴЩʣȥۣ

ԶŰ񵥣ͷβ˼飬ȴʼûзԼλšͨ죬ָץӣҪ֮۶ϡ뵽ԼΪλᷢʧֺݺݵصһۣүס

ֲֻĪԼȱ£Ҫڱϣ

빫Ӱûµģ⸮أǣǵȵҲأ˵ҲȷԶŭ뿪ˡ

ͽ·ԶںͷܿŭúݺݵԼԵСš



һ·ֻǸؿջɽշŰ·ϵ

Ա߾һе徭ͨͨ˺ˣһصѧӣв֪ʲô

·㿪˵λ̨

û˵꣬ͻͷһۣ»ڲЩֽţĪҪȰңٲѧ˹ˣ˹֮һ´ʡ

ɫΪѣջǽϸղŵĻ
λ̨ˡ˵ܽЩֽأһԱߵĵң˴ɨҲ鷳ѽ㻹ȡ

⻰ȻԼԤϵȥԶһʱЩ֪ɫǺ죬ְ죬ӣԼӵ鼮ֽͨͨ



ʣµԽȻԽԽ١

ڶҲᣬһĲ۵Щ˼

ʱգϵȵض෢ˮһĲĿ֮йء

Щ˵׽Ӵıǰ˹дĶ徭ʥ֮ԡڳĿͨ˵һԵģ˵һ׵ģῼʵ£Ҳ֮˹ʵ࣬ȷʵеץ֪Ӻ±ˡ

ΪⳡԲ̫ҪӰһЩǷ¼ȡǿһ˿Ҳδ֮ϻ̫ʱ׼ȫĶͶ˰˹ȥˡ

ȴͬ⼸ϴֺ֪ġԣʲôûĿǳִ

̫Ҫ˼˻üͷ಻֪ζʵʱй֣һзԲ߶д˳ͷ·ˮһ㣬ڸȥֹĺóһͨףЩĽĲԡ

ʼ㣬ĸ֡
ˮ衣

֮ߣˮҲصأ

ιˮ赼źӡźһͳ

ˮɽ꣬ƺ졭

ʿ̡ӶˮֹԾ𢰲






23.  ѧ׷   ڲ֮,ԡ

շ, Ǹɶõĺӡ

Ժǰɽ˺Χżųİͷ, ·Լ˱ҪӡűһƬֽϡ

ֽ˸, Ϊ̿
Ȼ֪û, Ҫۼ֤رʱ, Ƚ״ԪԺ⾭֮Ҳмأ

ϻǲǸԵһĳɼˣǸԵⳡҲͷ, ٿԺԣ˵ܡСԪ, ˵ȥư

һĮȺмȥ, վҲ񵥼, Ϳźֽ

߿ȥ, ໨ʱȥѰĴдͷ

İǰĲͬλţֱдϿ

磡ǵһȻ֮, Ȼ˷ܵ㵸ֱԼ˵һҪˡ

ϲʤԱȴʹ顣

ûҵ֣ҿλؼҼҵﰡ

Ҳ, , ֵһ꣬ͷˡ

ò׿λڲۡ

ԲٿҲ֪ʱǸͷ



ЩҲЩζ⳯, ˶ڿƾ٣徭˹¡

Ψһĳͷ֮·㣬ҾӲ飬ҲܻڣأЩҾƶ֮ˣ˵Щ˼ҵĺӶ飬ǶǾȫ֮ĻıīֽǶп
ñʱԼù֦֡

ֲǵϲҲһ˲òߣ߿ͷЩѧãһʱʧǣ鷳ô졣

Ⱥ֮ʣѧ̸𣺡Ǹ˵ģ⸮ͷ֣ű̽ȡ˰ɣ

⻰˵òһ˵˸ͷԺԵĿҲӣͷͨԺԣšϾڸʱȡͷĿԺ񣬴ٻЩ翼֮ϵ֮ġ
ǶԴʮֱܻ䣬Ȼһ׮鷳£һĺá

ղʵ֮󣬲ѧӱʧ⣬Խ̶𽥴ֶ˶С

ǣ˭ֹ֪ϵã˵׼ͷʲôù¶أ

ܰɣѧΪܺһ̻˼ҹ᣿

˭˵׼أ

ֹǿӰģ˵˽ʲôϵأ

˵

˼üŪۣų˳Լ䣺㿴ģף뺫Ӳ°ա

ֲЩ˾ף⼸ΪԼˣʣźտڰˡֻ֪ڱڮٿ˵ѧӣнһ죬ԶҲֻܱŸͯʸ̸ʰˡ
һƽϣҲûʲô˼

ȴɫ̲ˡ
קֵʯһݵѡ

ҲûҪֻЩȣǸΪŵˣȻҲ˵

ȻΪЩԼ

ǰʮ꣬ʱͷǱۣǰʱѧ֮£˽н飬ſ˸԰ס
޻̸֮ϣԸʱ䡣
Ť˵ǰʲôϵй£Լչ˶أ

ԭزЩﱻһһۣǼ졣Щ£ϻ˽£ЩԼ֮ͽͽ˹ٸ
Ϊ乫ɶԴЩں֮Ҳʲô̬ȡοõźԶ֣֮ԸǵǶǡòѰ˸ڵĻᣬסˣȺͶˣҲҺ˵˵

Ҳˡ

ǽ˵ѧǮվܱʵ֮¡
ֻ˵ԼˣˮõϣҲװûʹ˽ҹ

ߵǼ߷߲ƽѧ֮ʱϢüҪɱǣŹȥֶЩţһҪˡ
ԷϾüأôһԿ˿ô죿

ҲûŪΪľ仰룬ѵΪӡǾ䣺磬ǱÿӰģԼеö˾ͺô룡

ˣֻ߬øش

Ǽһʼǣͦأ¡
˵ŵԻǲͣŷӼŭ

ܹѲٲμԺˣҲȴһڴ˴Ƿʲôִ¶ִˣǾ;²λͷأ

ôţ⼸˸̧޲ֵ˶

һֱߵԻǿ֪ﳯ͢٣õ

һԻˣӲ˵ʲô˵˳͢٣

Դѧ֮λƷǷ˵Ǯ˴θйأ֤ȷ䵹ˣǿտں˵

˵˶١ͳ֮£ǹЮ仰ѹǽ㡣
۲ԶؽֵһؤʾȺﳯ͢ٵĺ

ǰ˷Ǹʮˣеĺݶַ·ԳеĹǲɵЩ¡

ǴͷҥȻˣɫά棺Żǣ㲻ǡ

δ˵꣬ͱһקһѣǵüȥ

ɫţǿһֱǼʲô˵¡

˳Ŀͷ
ѧˣ

ѧŹٷŭŲۡǽշԤϵлңЩάġ

ɫף֪ԼԱѧȡ˶١

˵ʲô
з˼ɻ֮

һƬհףһʱ벻ˡ

Ȼ˵ЩӵۣѧȴȫСͷ뼸λ֮ġڴ˵ش˽ͷò岻δãе֪Լ˽ףǿ

뵽ɫŵȻɫǰֱӿסѺڵأȴ˷䡣

ѧǰվѧӣֱӰԲ飬ȴŹȥС

ƽͣΪߵϣλʮ꺮̹ɣվۼڴ˹ƿҳδ֮ġʥҵҲиκζģնʥ֮ԣȴʥ֮УõΪԡڲ֮⣬Բ֮αĪλһԣҪα

⻰νݣ⻰˵ͷòΪʡƷв

ΣѧϸĸԣǿѧǵĶʦʦУǽȡٺõĹ֮Ҳڹ;һ۵㣬֪ջᱻᡣ

ЩѧǱվһԿϷʱ׷׳ƲϵʾԴΪֱѧԲС˲ԡơ

ѧ˷ã²ѣֻ˵仰һۣ֮Ѻعٸ

಻ȥᱻγʹ

Ҫͯݶˡ

һͬԵļѧӼѧˣ֧Ųס˫һ̱ڵأ߲߹ǵ½ǣҲע⡣

˿ȷʵɥ֮Ȯһ㣬벻Զ޲ͬ





24.  ѧ׷   Ҳ֪ʱܽᡭ

ѽ, δϵѧӶԷ磬˵ѧӻң⿤ȴµԺԡ

֮䲻ĸµʱ, ˵Ҫֶѧϰӡ

Ϊǻһ, Ѳ, ڽоٵطˮ

Űյ·һ, սŨصƣ¸ͣˮĴɢ, ˵İš

ϸһΪһʳ֮

һ, в͡⿤ĸ, , ϺԡԵ֮ȴûĺ, ˮĶ࣬ڶϲݴĴׯ˺ˮˮװز£ˮѸй, ˮ̰ӳá

ӿĺˮӶЩˮֲׯڡسһɶ
ɫˮƽһУʲôҲʣˡ

⿤ǽϸĸ·Ͻŵĵض, ԱȻԴ, óıߡ

ǡϽ긮ԵĲˮйأЩԱǱ㽫⿤Ŀټһͬȥһˮ

ѧҲδǿֻλѧӶ֪, ܰˣԼķӶˮ˰ЩǽĿƾ֮·ǻ˳ࡣ

˸㼺̸ȴѧһ䡰λΪĪ̸ֽ˻ȥֻÿڿջڤ˼

²ʲôܣֳƵһ£Ǵ⿤ǡ
Ŵ£ȥջѰǷܰæĵط

ȻסǼ¥Ŵѧӵ뿪ʱĿջѿͷǲ٣۸ҲࡣסǲԸ䷿

Ҳǿ˵С˵㣬ȷʵܸߣſڴǰܽͷУҲһ羰

ֱԱˣ·ȴڵؤŸõ룬ÿ·˾ͭײ

վڴߣȻ·ңԶĶֻЩӳʱǼʶ˲ˡ̫Ƶֵؤֻǿ⻭棬߱ǿ

̾磬Ҳ֪ʱܽ

ԷŰʱֱ߱ɢЩؤֻ㿴ˣҲδ롣˭֪գѷչز

ӿ⿤еʵ̫࣬ķŶ˽ˣǱڳ֮⣬ÿҹ·ӳŴĿ޺

ӼҼ༸ҾЩǮʳ⼸ڳŴʩˣƵȥأΧ÷·˲Ƥ̱ڼҲˡ

ֻǡȥ⿤Ѱһ·ʵ̫࣬ٴ֣Ҳסˡ
֪͢ʱܽƽϢ

ڷŹżűʷǡı͡жˮĸʽ

һˮأ̲סʵ

һˡ߲еֽҳֱ߶Ÿ߸һЩӷĹˮص鼮ⱾҲѿֻǴʱý֮ãóһҿеķӡ

ǶȤ飬ǺԼĶĲ֣

ľЩֱֵĶͷȷûšԴ֪岻ú㲻ʱڴߴˡ

˱µİˮſʼ˵𣺡֪һ𣿡

ֽӹˮǺԸȴ¶ȵˮһỹһڵȥ®Ͻ𣿡

ǡͷϸΪںʼǴ䡣

þȣû뵽˵еĹ¾ȻԼߣʱսĳСипһۣ

ⷴӳȡµ˵֮һλΪ̩ˣ˽޽˺ӡ

κ⣬峯ơ

ֻţʵǲȺ飬ˮ½ȥС

ԭҲôһΣϷԵʱȻˣǸʲôղݴӾˮģˮȻˣȴ

ȴôˣ
üͷʱʲô⣬ô벻ˡ
ǳʲô£

һֱעüΪԼ˵̫࣬ˡ
ǷҪЪϢһ

ֻع񣬰ڰ֣ã磬ȥŵ￴ɡ

ʱɫ磬ջǶ̫ԶӦòһܵ

뷨һǶٶЩЩģȥԼǷܰæĵط¸ͷڿջ취ѧӣԵӴȻѧĿ࿴



ǰһ

յͣˣҲŢ߹һ·ѾоȴЩʪ

Щֻܴڳ͸ǱŴ鲼ŮŮɢһŵۣ֪ˮǻҳҲǺһһģľ

ûҵĳ棬··𱻶סһ㣬վԭأǰȥ

ڳߣ˱;ס⿤УοּұⶫʩˣسȻֱӷС

ֵɫЩǣǲʣǱȥ

ҡҡͷ߰ɡ

ߵøˣ׺òʳĺӲһֻͣếޣüĽˣԼҪ

ƽҲ˼ҵĺӣðװۣԲ󣬿ǰЩӣﱧڻУٶԵȥͷĺȻݵˡǿϸ΢ֻ߽Żᱻ
أӿһɱʹ

Щ˵ΪרһͨǲҪŶӵġκαźӵĳʵ̫ˣרõͨǿʼĵȴ

䱻˳ֵͷһֻϥǵСк

ͷ棬ϵ·ȻܶţûҲԭɫ

ֱæСк˵磬Һö

۾ڰ׷հݷơ˵ǿֻǼ򵥵ĳļꤣȴֱǼⷢᣬ̲סͷ

ȥòãʵ

кȴҡҡͷһڽ䴦һŮѾˡ

˳Ŀ⿴ȥΪкǲˣοûµģȥһҵݱǡ

Ϊ˱ǻ˷ʳҲΪֺ֪ãĹÿÿս硢һࡣ
Ȼӣܹ鲻ڱˡ

Щ˵еطѾҰʬˡ

һ⺢ӣԼȥЩʩĻƶеˣԼүˣΪ๤ģһʱ֮䣬ٶȶɵøЩ

ȥʢʢȻЩЩС֮ǰĵضߣȴ⧲˳ײ¡

һЩ

Ȼ֪طҵúܣԼߣ㱻ײʱ͵ߣ뱧ڻ˸űܿЩֻЩ࣬ûʲô¡

վȣʶԼĻУһʱ֮䣬Էź󱳵շɺ죬Ͻл






25.  ѧ׷   гԲʳİ١

Ȼ˵, һʼʢüδ١

ֽݸкó˲մࡣ

︽, һʱײҲοûܵ˺, ֻһʱС, δ׼ƽϡƽ, ԷȴӲҪײ

˸󣬲ȻǿЩ, ˵ݹΆЩ֣ͬƾʲôࣿ

ֻЩ, ̧ͷ֪ȷʵ
Ϊʲô죿

ڳ, κ˶ÿ, ֻ⿤аո, ͷʱʱˮ֡һգǱϰߣͷĺˮֻӰ˰յ

Ǽοն̧ͷͷ, Ҳû˺˼ܾΪϡࡣ

˲Ŷֵ˴ΪʳŻĹӸȥʹǸˡ

̱㶮ôģЩﶼҼ, ໹ˣ

ֵöС, ΧΧ˲˹

ǽ
컹ҵȥ
Ҳǣ˰
Ա֪жأ



, û뵽֮л棺ӽһˣ㿴ģȻԣ

ˣȭͷҪ
ȭͷջӳȥ㱻һֻֽڿУƺҪϡ

¶ʹ飬ҧ㡭

ЩʹüҪվסˣſڵ֪ͯǫã㲻Ϊˡ

ֱǰıʾסĵһ뷨ǡ
Ȼô

˵Ļע⵽СкȻ˽ŮȥˣԷﵹ
ѵСк˵Լ࣬ҲǸŮ

үǳʲôˣĻע⵽ĻңԼүڻģϽʡ

׼˵ԺҲҪ£˵ǿѹ񣬶˾֮νıƺѺȥٰɡ

˵㽫֪ʲôʱס˫ֵĽƸơ

߶ãȻ֣֪

ȻᲵӣͰӷԸ

һԳȥȴδжֱʾмֻʼǸСклֽ˼䣬ĻԺչһĺӣÿʩ໹ʣµģͶǴ롣

ѱߣ¶ȷʵ١

߽ɫ࣬漸˵ȻΪʩ࣬ǰཻϾˣʳ£Ҳݡ

Щ˵²ټҲֹǽһ޶ȫžȼãȻܲ¾Ͳ¡ЩʩĻȴ˦ƹЩô죬δײǿо
ֻΪˡ

һô⼸ĻƶЩҲסӣ֪ԼǻˮˣӦ£˵ԺȻٴη

һὫº͹ܼҽٱֲ֡δ˵꣬ԼҲûҪγͽǣֻϳβЩԼԲܵĳͷ

δ֮ȷʵס˼ˣֲ̫ģﻹųӣٵʱ䣬ûǸϽȥʩˡ

ȥ·ϣʼ˼֮£⸱ģʵʲô

磬Ҿ÷ǸԲѺȥٸͣ½Ų˵ôһؽÿջηԣǱˡ

⻰˵ЩЦáû뵽ü˼һ·Ϊ£ģηɼԱ˴ԼûмȻṩʳ˱˵ľȥ󶥶ÿܺϵˡ

룬ֲδͷλĸо֮žĿܣҲһ¡ͷʾ֪ˡ

ǰ꣬һ˸Ĵ

һŵĳӣϯض
²塢ʳ
ÿղ֪ԼǷܻš
ᣬɢİա

ʢżͬ飬Щ޳ĸ̾磬飬ôˣôļңһҹ֮ȫûˡ

Ȼ֪׾ͰˣȻҲԼôࡣûϵҲ⣬ſο֣֪Ϊνϸˮ

ֲ֪ôԼһпֱһÿΣգգ۾Ϊһ

ǣˮԹűСһˮԴںԣˮһܱ߶ٰڸΧ֡йˮΪһδŵĺӵήÿѴڣ㵼ˮй飬ڡӿ磬֡տЩ汲һΪڴ˴֣顷Իˮ衯֣δⲻʳ

ֲⷬδԤԣЩΪںֵأ˺ӵֵͬ

еȻǡ
ʲôأⷬȻʧЩ֮飬ƺ޴

ȻĲɵر͵˼ſڡ

һ·лָһ˿ǵġ磬Ӧġǵ汲֣һŪ⸱ģֵкԡ֣ǵ汲֪顣Щ汲ѡ֣Ϊ֣ǻΪĶ͡

Ǿ͸޹Ǽ̳汲أڿҿңճϢֳֳʳһա˵ЩÿճֳʳˣҲˣ

磬гԲʳİգŻбĿѣӦܵģӦǻᱻһ䡮ʳġңЩʳˣӦΪ룬Ϊǽӿĺ֡

磬㽫ҪϽʿ볯ΪٵġΪԱӦΪտǣ֮ǶЩҪغӵܽˮǱӦЩѧӡ͢ЩԱЩ汲ֵũܶķӡˣ㽫ˮˣҲʧ˻ҵġ֡ûˣ˻ָôأ

˵棬һһ䶼Ƿθ֮ԡ

ڶԭʱ֪Ǹ֮ˣԴÿһ˶ֻ棬ꡣ
ҲӴ̫ã޷ԭϵȺˡУһġѪˣϣӵиĸ飬ڽԭһ㵱׸Ҳ飬д󰮣ҪǸƫ˽֮ˡ
̫ˣ͸̫࣬ȴʧ˴ȱ

Ǳһλ˵ĳ

δе㽾ȻˡһȻֱף˵ĶˮաʳȴǺ̺壬̫ƽ

Ը

ϣ

ϣҽϽʿܵһǹĺù١

ϣ

֣޿ѡ






26.  ѧ׷   ƺЩ֮


ջ, ֽԼ˻õͼֽǰ

ΪˮȥһҹȻ뵽ϿһΪ̤ˮⶫṹ, ȴǴľʽṹ, вһԲͲһ, Լ, ͨգǰڣͨľƳСľ

ˮ֮ͨ, ڴõһŽ̤塣øܸԭ븡ֻһЩڳͷ̤, ܽͷˮԴԴϵ, ˮá

ĸԭȻҲû͵̫, ֻͼֽϵļϸ֮˵ˡ

, ˮʲô

˼ۣʵ涷мơ

涷ûⶫʱ㻭˳

涷ľͷƳɣвƶ, ãֻҪɣȷʵ̤ˮ̫, ֻǽṹϴֲһЩ, ˮҲ㹻

ũǱ涷ȡˮũ͵˵ȷзڻˮ֮Ч

¶Цݣþͺá



ڣڶѧΧһ, ѧǽźİš

ɳ긴µ֮ӣբʱ֮ɳҲ赼߲Ψʹɽʹ֮ںҲѧеƪ·£ʵˮ֮ߣλ֮ΪƪԲѣ֪λкο

ͻؼУһϯƵϡȰ롱ĻڿջеƵͼֽɴཫԼǰĶԲ߻ȥһƪغˮũ֮ѧ

һϱ볤ͨͨΨйͨܽɳʯ赼

Թ⡱׵̣ͨˮڲƻũˮׯڣֺ

ܱѧӶѹԣҶڿ֮ЩҲʵѧġдĶԲߣ֪ԼǷݲ±㹰ֳӢ۳ꡱаաơ

ѧ˷ǰȻҲֻΪ˶һ£Ǹǣ͢ѾֵּǮʳձ㵽ֻǳֲ㣬˷ˮֻλղǰϣλѧܹһ֮

ˮѧ岻ݴǡ



ͳʮѧӣѧȥ˼ͬ

ΪԲߵߣȥ˶ϱˮΪصء

ֵ֪֮󣬱Ҫһͬȥ֪ˮ֮ʮΣգȥʲô£ûտסղӵɾܾ֡

ǿѧӣҲѧŵ֮УԸãȻܾҲȷʵ޷ȥֻö⿤ʩ֮¡

ȥزգһֱܾ֮ʲôҪȴҲ벻
ڼп˰գǾԼȥһˣû£Լԭ·رǣᱻ֡

ȥص·ԽˮԽ˺ͷûǰˣֻ³żһһǳߡ

ʵһƬĴׯ˼ģǱ֣ڰһ԰յ֪ڵء

λղһũ︽Ҳǵ̰֮

Ȼɿ죬·ʲôڴߴҪҪһ
ˮ̫Ŀմˮʪʪأ̧

ԶѾ̸²Ǳһˡеġ֪Ĳ޷һһųصĿǰߡ

ˮеĿȾ¶һذϸСȡֻһ˲ٴǻǷƵĻˮ֮У赲һߡ

һ·ȷʵ࣬ӿŲȺȥ

ĴƣڿһվڶϰԵָһԵũǰΧһȦˣ˵ЩʲôȦ˱˵ͷתȥ˱𴦣ֻһԭع۲ӿĺ

ֳȥҪһ䡣

ƾ޴ϸ΢Ķ޷׽ճڵͱ˺ƺƵˮУһҲûС

δ߽ͼһ˳嵽һѡ𱾾վڵ̰ӱߣ²ȣ˽ĺ֮С

ֱǰһĻסûʱܹȥҪֽ

𡪡ַסİӿڣֳˮеȥˮ̫̫ûסͷˡһСס˾޴ˮΧ˶

ǸھѾˣԴհףѾҪԶһݣ˽ȥ

ˣԭˮº֮УֿˡʱѾǸղǣºҪμԺԣأ

֪Լ⼸ΪĻţҲ֪ɻü

ǵصĺˮЮɳĿڱǣˮҲ޷ĺпסԼƽ⣬ֻܽˮȥ

˫۱ˮʪ߲壬ҺִһƬϣһȵסΪֵס˺һˮ

ϤϢڱǼ⣬Ŀ־ӻǵˮгսŲȴĪƽپ£ٵǡ

Ե˴Ŭס壬ȴǲŵʶģ˵ˮɳ˱ǻǺҪԣſǿɬĺˮĥ

ɥʧԷָɿɥʧʶ֮ʣ·Ϥڶ𣬽š

ûϵֻʱ֣ҪԼǻӿĿ־߬ס˲Լļƻֻסˡ

ֻʣһͷʧȥһˡ

ͲúδסǱƣסǼ𣬱㽫һֱסȥʾȾ֡

˰ԱҪ׼õë̺˲ԼֱӹϡȷֽǺڿеĺˮȳŷҪ͵С

·ȴֵ

һˣŵȻǶСˣŮ֪ǴװСʱԼСˮиҪߣ˶ŵ궪ǣϽǡ

δ𣬵Ѿ˵ԼСΪ˾˲ˮģҲֻλˣǰһ񣺡ӣүصطƫƧˮҲʵĵضЪϢ罻ǣҵԻὫү⿤Ѱ˴һ㲻ˮˡ

ܾ֪岻ãˮˣԼҲֻѰչǲʺϵľ

סִһ󣬺ߵĿȻȻɢЩǺʵë̺֮£һعĽ¶档

üͷë̺һЩĽ׸סȴ˵ɻ
ˮУֵʱƺЩ֮

жֵĵǵռϷ磬׵չ˺

֪ƼͬˣϽԸ̴ǽ̧үĵܽӹ

ԸǣֱּϤ󣬲ķȥ






27.  ѧ׷   Ҫ𣿡

ɳ۵һ·ˮ

ĿŹٵ۷, ɫ뵽ֵģղ԰͸, ƺҪԶȥ, еĺһ˲伸޷, ˫¶, һԵǶɵúһ

߻غӵߣԸ˴

ڣֻ»ᾪ𲻹˼, ôӵ˷ԸٱȨ

ʵϣˮ, , Ҳûȥ

ӲΣǽ֮¡
Զһվļˮߡ

˴ˮʵа, ѧԸ, ղ̽ˮ׼ʵʩõĶԲߡ

ǵķǡΧբҲǽӵؿ̰ӶѸ, ϻ㡣

ĵһգǱ㱻谭˽չ
ˮãѺƷʵʩҪǮ
п, Թ, Ǯȴõ͢Ĳˡ谭Ȩ棬ҪûȡˮȻ뷽跨ǡ

ΪҳЩһ֮еߣ, ںӵηúźΪϹ

ʵ֤ЩȨצҲȷʵˡ

ֻƻȴǸ΢ң۵״ϼ˿ɷѹǸˮķˡ



һؼңֲһ

Ȼ֪ϱˬ·Ͼ˱ĺУֺ˼ڻǵˮȵˮźתһЩ

ڼУȴ˵Ӣ¼
ײˮЭղͼ񡢰ؽ԰

֪תŰǳĻδۼΪ

⿤Ȼڽ޴ȥֻլڼ֣żҲһеĽ㡣

㣬ҲǸ̫ˣˮʲôϵõһԹǸδȣȻ׽ҪһЩ
ǰ׷ȥأعȥҹͲҰͷʪػˡ֪ĻΪȥܣ

ý̲ס֣㱾ӲãӺҩҲ֪ܡ

ҵĺõܵܣ㶼ôˣ֪Լʲôġ֪ǵԼҲδԼôʱܲ˾ȥˣҲ𣬷鷳

һ߷߲ƽģǺ޲ȥҸջ⿤һܽźãЦźⲻǶ𣿷İɣ¸һȥԺء

ˣٲ飬ҲԼȥԺŤֲǵ

ֻ׼˵ЩʲôȴһͨѾߴˣС㣬λӣԳ˵Ҫ̽ү

ϢЩֲûܻſԼ뵽Լ֮ǰԼͣÿζǾܾģΪǶԼʲô֮ġ

ôͻȻˡ

ԼɴʵĹ뷿ױ̨Ȼδùȴڵ֬ĬƬ̡
𿴵Լסһ䷿᲻ԼҪҴ򿴿ӣ

һԿţ᲻ӣɴ˾ߡ

GȵȣָϽֹһۣҪҰš
Ҳ˵ͻȻ뵽ʱˣǰҲǱ⣬ֵ˲͡

˵ʲôҲصˣϣڸȦȻүҡ

Ѿ˵©죬˾䣺ǰƺҡү˵ˣ֪𣿡

Ѿ߻úܣ£ǣү

ּѾ뿪˵õܵܣһӣ㲻ɣ

û뵽⻹Լ£ȻܾС£ӱǻСߡһʾԼĲҿȥǸ𡣡

ҪǱˣɾ͵ԼȥԺޡֽһЦʲôӦԸ֪ưԼʰһ£ϽתƵȥ

סԺڣ߹ȥԺ̫ʱ仹Щϵġ

ȻǸˣϾѾС˸ţʲô˸ڷźãҲҵȥ

ʱıⳡ档

ŴĪĲ԰ݹ˿֮УԵøСɣڰ׷˫Ǹո˯ѣٷˮ⡣
߻Щϸܵĺ飬ڷʪһղߣ˼ֻˡ

µЩˣţﲢδű衣ؾЩȣĿסʺǴ

̫ЩʵɺЩ

ҲʲôڱƵģûңˮˣ
֪˵չ˵һء

Ѿ߽˴ֵķԸµյˮˡ

ű񱭣ھ
˿ڣĲ㣬ζɵüǲȲô

ҲЩ֧֮ëҲޣ鼮ɢţƤɫͷףǡ仰
ʲôʱϲЩˣ

Ȼɻ󣬵ֵѯʣ˵֮¡ղƵĲ֡
֪ԼգҪˡ

ƽΣյĲֶһʴֻϸ˵˵ӡйĵطû಻ģýζ

˵꣬ʣˮ󣬿вʣҺȥǼλ˵ã

ȥջأԾʲôæҲûϣ˼ȥأ㲻ΪϣǵضҲõϵĵط

ףȻµġֵպĪҪçײ

⻰ĵȻѽҪʦˡ
ŲűԼҵܵ߶û뵽𣬻Ҫ

̾һȴҲһʱ鼱̫ˡ

֪ܲܲһԼϲģϲҪʧȥĿ־壬Ըδϲ
ֺ࣬ȥպˡҲµġ

ռ˵ģҲδסЦݲãӦ֪ԺҲҪԼǣ

ףóһСľߵִߣݸ

ʲôִӱ֮гһֻ֣ӹ

ָոóȵָӣĴһţδӦ

ֲδע⵽ĦָĶһĶеľ񿴡
ø𿴵ġ̤ˮȻСľ

ľʮ־£ÿһ϶ɼ·ԭС棬ַ·ǴֽϷԾģߡ

𣿡ⶫʱδйȻͷġ˵ȥˮҲ¡
ô룬̶ֵֻɵġ

ʻĶȾ˿⣬ɫңͼֽˮЧܸôʲôǡиũľճұѰѧ˼ա

û˵ǣʱ˵λũľ񣬱Ҫֵʲ

ˮ֮߰ذգũȻܾΪ˽˵̸в٣ЦʵѧľҪ𣿡

ʵɫ΢
ˡô

ĬƬ̣ڵҡҪˡ






28.  ѧ׷   ֻҪƽá

֮̽, Ĳձˣֿʼջͷܣֱҡͷ

ˮ, Ϊ, ֲû, ⿤㿪ʼ׼Ժˡ

ˮԲȷʵгЧ, Ķ̶ʵ֮ܽΣֻԺڼѧǲˮΪ˶, ȴɱĩáѧղ񶼴ЩǸϽȥ⿤ˮǴ

ִڿջĸ¥, ԸСЩ, ܵö, ֻһС, ÷ڽ䴦

磬Ǳ˵ũﶼô찡ſľϣȡŷ·Ҫȿݵ, ʵ
˵йˮѾǴˣɱûũȴ޷ָũǶ, һش

Ȼ⿤, ֮µһƬũֲˮ俹סӵԶЩģδȫûʱ䲻Щ绹Ѿ, 벹֣֡ȥ´˱Ǵũæֵ֮¡

£ҲΪԹũĲȴʩˮˣס֮Ļ²֡һ˵ǵӰ֪ʶͱŪˣȻũԱǱöࡣ

뵽һ£磬ϴθǸˮǲʪѽȥһɣ

ǷˮʪһţϧúܣԶ˰աǻֽһţˮһݣճһ΢һֽмСҲָֻܻɵԭɰķ䡪ڳһģ

ǣ룬ҲǻЧȻĻˮһ̣־ܳǰеĹһ㣬ȿѡն

ֻٴηˣΪҲվ

ءǰԼУſϵ֣˵Ҳ𡣡

ǹҲĪҪĸˡ

ֻҪƽá

ˡ



Ժǰ

ͬîʱĸǰͬǣǻɫ˿Ѿ

һⲦƼգЩſڵѧ峿ıδɢɼĿƯڿУ˽˿ɴһ㣬ƮƮҡҡָſǰ·ķ

ЦӯӯǽҲϻظǰš

һԵѧǶ֪ԺԵҪԣܷȡšһˡԼиȻûͬϻһĴƵĿ

οΪˮһ£ڽϰȺѧӼ䶼˲С˶̸𾴣ҲǻѺʾġ

ԺţѾʼָŶ˳ˣֳģ³˵磬ȥɣһġ

峿лδȣⳡҲǰˣȻһգڿջǻؼеұǣĪҪЕ

գգۣϺۣ˵Ҫۼ뿪ſϽͷļȥŶӣҿ˹Ժظ

Щţ˵ˣֻ˳Ժſߡ
泯ǰȴ󷽴ᶨ磬϶ŵġ

ĵƺ͸Ĳϡļ䣬ǻڵɼ·ڶ߷ҵ춯

ûлͷȴӦףԸȻ

ţңԺ֮ףԼĵ׵Щ¶Ӻζ



ԺԱӦλ٣ŽˮԵʣ͢ԱʵЩ㣬վȻȻѧԺԵ١

Ժ븮ԲͬԡУݷֱǰ˹ʫͨ¼ȡѧǱΪԱҲǰǳ˵ġšӴ˹֪Ҳйˡ

۵ĴҵԼĺãȴʱѧӴǰ߹ϵı򱯻ϲλ͡˼̬СʱǼòˡ

һ춯ÿӵĶߣйԱԵĿʼ

˳صĴźϣϸ΢۱

ԾűīֽһַдԼգ㿪ʼ⡣

һ˹Ϊ־ʿˡ

仰ǽ⣬ԡ鹫ԭǡ־ʿˣԺʣɱԳʡ

ⲻѣһ˲䣬Ժбд¡

֪Ϊʲôһʡ־ʿˣǰƺŢĻ档

ϵ˿ѱϴСС㣬վĴǰѵõɫټѵȰ

ڽԼΪʡΪ¡ΪʥˡΪ¡

۽ޣסеŨɫպīֽдµһ⡣
ʥ֮ߣĵ֮ȫɡ

д¼ҹ£̸־Ǹ߽ࡣ

д־ʿ֮¡֮š

дƪµʱķ·šֽϵİ˹ıĲģһ̫ƽʢһ

նɢҵչ͸ķ϶ɢ˴˴һҰ

лƽִһռĵλã֫ٺӿԺǰ

ƪµд£
֪־ʿ֮Ϊ֮־߿ӣ֮Ϊ֮߿˼ӡ

һжͬѾİ˹ģͬ谭ǰ·

ڶƪ˹ѡԡӡĿǣ¦֮֮ɣԹأܳɷԲʦ֮ϣɣҢ˴֮ƽ¡

˼˵֮ˣչ£֮ˣҪɣٶҵˣҪѭ

ⶼժԭģѧ˵νǲܸϤˣ޵֮ǵüչ֪ôӺδ⡣

ԺһǳЩƫ⣬ЩԣƳʮӱⶼѣҪ³ʣǶǵĿʵЩ

Ժ¼ȡ٣Ժ֮ããѧӿʵҲ޶١

ΧľԼѧʶ޼ⶼʮƽӹܻÿǵʶأ

ÿ˶ڽʾ֭޲þͨĿһǰ޹˺ߵһƪǧŵ¡

ȴδЩǶԼ̫ģֻǷѾƼգзӿŵͷ籡ȻǲԲƽȵָѾ¶˴˿̵顣

д⣺ضҲΩѴӡ

һжõȵⳡԺ֮

Ѷı㲻дʷ£˫ֽգҪһ󴦵ƣȴطڴżƬơ

ɫ޼չӳ䣬ǲע⵽

ȥˮŵѶ˲٣Ȼ˼ֵ֪˼ǿҪԼ֮ʱϵġ

ǰٴζԼ磬Ҫдһ֣ɫѡ˲ģĥҲܡһҪǵð

̲סִϵ·ϸܡ

ֲ֪֮ףԸ

ֱϡ






29.  ѧ׷   ҲѰڡ

سŵ, ͽ˼Уȵƻʱ̲ȥԺǰҪΪԺĵһˡ

ֻԼ⿤ΨһĺˡԺԹϵܲܿ, һ, Լһͬ, һź

ձҪ, Ҳ̫𣬸Ӽд׼õķ˻ؿջһ˸ţû˵ϼ仰, ҴҸˡ

գһ, ֻǽյĿȻ, ѾҪһˡ

յʫǵĳɼ̫Ӱ, ˵յ˵Ļ, յĸԱֻǷСʳˡ

Ŀ뿼ġղͬյСٿҲдƻʱ, ʱųӵġղʫˣʱܻд˽ɲڼͷš
С˲Ⱥ˵㣬׼һԵĲһ, ȴ

յȥ, ƣʵͬϴһ㣬һƬʡ

ȻȲ裬Ϊ˸ͷ, Ҳ˸ۡ
̫裬ȻʮʺϿƾ٣״Ԫɲһ𣬵ȻϸҲһȺȣǸͷ

ԶչȻĿ̫ѣ಻ࡣִù¥СʳţûãܿɢɢѧӴӹԺߡ

źӾ͸Ͻ¥Լûϡ

˻ʮĬָߵԺſڣײ

磡ӭǰȥȥһɣ

վſڵԼϲ쳣ֵˣߵһ֮£ſڵ˶ã̫أĪҪˡ

ûҷһֱǲݺȲأָָұ߲ԶĲ¥ԼĲˮ磬ҽյ˸ۣǺе࣬Ԣ⵹õģȻŵʱҲǵúȵ㰡

żͻ˼ֵʧЦˮĿζʱ̲סüΪĪĺͷҪԼһ𳢳ֻ÷·һˮ򷭣ʪ

ΪǰæϹŪЩ½󣺡á



Խպ󣬱㵽˷Űա

̶ĸ£ѾǾˡ

ȻѧӿǶڸһؾͱˢΧڰǰȴֻ಻١

ԺԾˣǶҲǼȤٶķͷ˶ľֿ˭õεİס

˵䣬ûҪȥġϾⰸ׿϶

ֻҵܵ׼Ѻ˵ʱǳȰܵܣ㻹ѺɣȻǮˮأ

ܵˣȻδͿǸĲˬˡ鲻ãֱϾһģҲЩֶǰģҲ³Լҽ㵽ΪʲôȻͬԼȥԺˡ

ȻĿĴﵽˣǽ㲻ΪԼΪ˸ˣ»ʮֲΪһǻԹҲҪѺУ

Ƕľ֮ϣȥ֮⣬ȻһҲѺУע

ϾǸ԰ףֻҪǳشʧ⣬ƾˮҲòšѺΪΪʲô

ѵɵӻ𿼲ϣ
ôԼҽŵˣԼԿϣȴԸ⻹б˿

˳ӵֿȥ
ԭǷԶ

Դϴθں󣬷Զŵ棬Ҳٳִ߽ˮʱ˵ҲҳһһֱڳϿȼ

һʱ֮䵹Ϊ̸

֪º󣬻ȥ˵˵ԶǸӣҲٵ᲻ᱨˡ

ֵǲΪ⣬ܲԶԸڳǶʩ࣬ΪҲ£ҸӴˡ
˵ӼˣֻӼұϾ̻ͨ˼ңԷֲƵĲȤŻһ˵Ҳϣ޹θҳɼңֵ÷ԶöŲ֪ڼΡ

ﾪɣû뵽ڴ˴ԶȻؼҪ˵һӣԶǻǴεкҩأ

ķȻ֪⹱ԺǰԶԶվš

ӵӰʼûͣǼҲȥֻͷţŵЩ˿Ȼɢˣȥǡ

ȴȥΧȺдһǰף

ȥɲŵģע⵽λǰϲġ

֣ϲ
СԪ֣ҽѧӣ



ʶġʶĶܵǰ˸кķüȾϼֲֵֿͣ²ɨˣֱվ˵ǰʱкվһ֣ˣذɣ

Щﶼ𣬴һֱ˥ˮй˰ǵĿޣֱЩѧǼʣ˵ñȥأй֮˾͵ûˡ

Ļֲˣ˰ףúóûǵ

ȺһɫȴòչԼؽ֮Ѻùϵǰϲʱ־͸оʮпУ޲ⳡʮΰ˴βźá

һῴ㣬Ц۾ǰЩε˵磬ϲѽ



ԺԹȻͬһֱӱɢˡ

ϰףŰյĸҪٰһӧᡪΪףѧǿţڿƾ֮·ǰһ󲽣ҲǶǽǿˡΪ߹ԻµһףԸ

ӧᱻϣѧǲμӡȻѧǼҲǾܾģǲԸ˶˶ԼȴֻĻ

ȻѧӣҲδֹμӡϾǰףû˻˵Щʲô

ҹĻ٣߸߹ͷĻҫ۶Ŀͬһǹʡ

˴ӧѧʼˮһ㱻ŮǰЩԺɫ˷ܵѧǰ

ѧΪ٣˸Ժԣ;˸ˮҲѵ滺˵úܣƵıӣλҳδ֮ģһãʵĳ֮Ұ

ѧٱ͵ԴĻ
Դޣ

Щѧӣ˻ѧ׽ǶʦĹͣ
Сպؽʦ֮



֡һѧ֮УúܣӲС壬ҲѧԵʡ

˶ȥѧƣŽܶ¶¶Լδ̵·Ψֻһˣʱһһ׳ԡ

ǵ⿤ˣɰϺ㡢Ƴɣʲʱޣˮ洢ʮּѣҲֻµݲܳˡ

鷳ȥԣЩˣҲ˼ӡ

һԿУ˿ģֻýֹΪϸϸͷ̶ȷϲὫţֻ

ֳô󣬻û̡
ѾߣϾҪԽĲˣÿӵȥǸɾģܾЩԼˡ

ɽգΪŪãôһҲأ

һ˫۾ҵѬ÷ĿתضҪŪԼǰһķӦΪʲô

ӳдشػ⣬̧׼ײ˽ȥ

ҲѰڡ






30.  ѧ׷   ӣǡ

ӧｻ, ַǷƱյ໥ά

޿ɱ, Ҳѧȥ˵Щ

ѧͺЩ, ʮֿ, ӳϡ

ԡԡԺԽΪ, ˸СԪǽԡԡܹʣԪڡ, ǿǸϸⰡ

ڵԱϡȱ͢˵ʱ, Ԫ, ǶȻǰ;

ѧΪƾʼ·ϵĶʦ, ѧ, ѵã˷Ҳȫ࣬ϣ̳ܽһ֮

֮, һֶ˽ضΪΣ𣬹ҪǰȥԺѧɽ, Ϊһ, Ҹȡ

ͨԺԣЩѧǱҪ׼ˡΪ˱֤ǵֲûѧ߻ᱻȥԺͳһѧɽϸõķǽ̵, ǣϣĿСˡСʿ

ԺѧһɸѧͳһǮһֱЩ򡱽ȥѧӣǿԺԣͯǣֻҪǮ࣬Ժǻóյġ

Ժ⣬ѧҪѧⲢ޶Ȥ뵽ǰԼ˵ûһͬȥԺҪͬĵл֮Ҳ˼ģлѧѧ綨Űݷá

ѧļ򣺡ҳѧӰ

⻰ѾЩ񣬷·𱾳δһ㣬λĹԱһֵ𿴿ܣע⵽ѧŵĻ˵˱ˮݸѧѧ

δ˵ЩʲôѧӹˮȻʶԼſǱָˡҲٶԣֻ˿ֽ˼仰㱻ǰƵѧȥ

ᣬ뿪ʼղϾЩ룬ģ̫ġ

Ѿ̫ˡ
ʶԼʲôߵĽŲأͣסֻǼƵĹȻַֿô



𱻺ȥٳδ飬ֵƬ̣һڱʵģЩڿʣ˱ˮȽȴǹǺ˵ζЩ³ȻǾơ

ľζ̫أֲɢڿлԼϵıУıǼⶼ׻ûڴ֮ͥ³

ȻЩҲ̾ҪͷֻÿһζЩѹȥ֮󣬲δͷؽ֮С

Ҿ
ΪԺصͷ

ȵѧ˵껰ٻص֮ʱıһ˫죬ˡ

˫ֱԼ룬ﻹʣԼ޺õ⡣ֻڲÿӣֻ۰Ͱ͵ɫã֪Ǻá

⸱͵ģǱŵΪ˭۸ȥսˣŵǹŨľζüͷ壬ֽԷǰ񱭷Ǽᡣ

˭Ⱦˣ

ȦΧѧӣ뵽Լһֱעߣ˽ӽֲŶԡ

𡣡ִûƣһھƾѾ֪ϦϦˡ
ƺûôЦҪ

ӹ룬һ⣬͵ߡȴͷҡ˲˹ģԡ

˵ĳԳ˵ɶͷԣȴˡŲʵҳԵģ

͵صͷ

û뵽˶־壬ǵҪԼԵġֻļʲôӿ̶滺

òͲףüĿװǿúܣɡƽֻ׽˶ѵüˣ˫͸ֽýɫˡ

һмѧӶǿǿеۣܾ˵֡

һԼıﱻ˷֡ĸо̫

ܹӧѾ꣬ǱȻȥҲû˻˵λ΢ϤЩѧӣæ֪ѧһʤ뿪ߡ



ͷӰ´£żмλ˴Ҵ߹

ҹ˱Ͳ࣬ӧᣬֵİռ㲻ܽȥһҲڸ

ֺȵòֻ࣬ͷԲ̫ѣ᲻֪ô·ǰҪŵſȥ𿴵ľսһֱֻƹԼϣؼҡ

ŸСȴûԼжɰúܣԾط˽Ų

ֲͷŽߵӣ첻壺𡭡㡭Ҫ

оԼǰδеģͣԼ򣺡ʲô

ȻûƽƢãԼҪظһ飬죬ֺʮֲ㡢۸ҡ

ʱЩȣԼʲôʱ۸յŻ

ǡֿİһᣬ벻̧ͷ˿һƬգ񡭡Ժ۸á

ǣô֪Ժأ
סˣһʱ֮Ӳֻñ۾˴չȥ۸ˡ

һֵЩΣؿڵǿë׵ԴûסͷԺں˳ĳ

ڣԼ

Լͻ뷨סףô뷨

ӣǡ

ȵǼڣһͬѧˣǱ˴֮˲ǡ
ǡĵܵһ

ǡ
ǡз·סһֻޣţţôġ

Ҫ

Ҫˡ
Ҳǡܷˡ

ס񣬽ֵҵĺڷɢǰЩˣʪ۽Ƿ죬ǰʲô

Բ̡

ʵɫ֮£Ȼʶձˡ

ʱյŲ±ֽǰףԻ

һʱ֮䣬ĵ÷·һ޻˿ϸݡ

ֽǰĺڷӨ׵Ķ¹ӳ¸£Сɶᱡ·һ᷺ɫ

һСĿ⡣

ƬྻĶ֮ϣпɫС룬ϸϸȴһСԲףǡ
ŮӳεĻۡ

ɫ㱣ʳָĴָڻ˵Ķ֮Ħоδ

һ㣬ձʵָƬ̣㽫Ƭķ졣ǿСûָһۼֻʣĴУǵָⷢȡ

ͷѾϵ˫˳΢̵Ľë·Сһ·һƬӰ˺ؿС

ŵĶָоһЩʣƣԼĶӶԷгֲ˲ζ־رԹѽ

ͷ¹⣬ɫްûеõҪĻشֺ˾䣺硭

νǲŻι˵ĳɢָ⣬͸ȥƻǽڷָںŨܵĳ໥ǣ·Ҳ޷ֿ

žĽֵֻ̼ʣˣͳǻ𶯣ĿƮɢ紵ģ治Юã޴룬γѡ

ֵܣҲô





31.  ѧ׷   ʲôҲû

, ͷʹѣоԼȫ

ֻǺôһڶѰ
Լ֮ϵɴᣣʹš

ȵȣ
ôģ

ͻģôʲôҲ벻ˡ
Լû˵ʲôɱѴ˵

뵽, , Ȼ, ƺصġ

֪ƷԼС, ˱Ƶŷڴϣιȡ

ûһڿ, ӹغڡζ̫أ, æ֪Ƶ˱ˮڡ

оԼͷЩ, Ȳʵ֪, ôģ

С, ӡ֪ԥƬ̣˵˳Сòʡ£ӽġ

ǵ, ҹ¶أǸɫ壬бŸˣվլǰ

е˫黷Ĳ֮, ᱡ˳ֱۻ, ϸС¶ߣ㿴ݣܸеòס

û뵽⾹ȻԼС㡣

֪ദ, ⣬µС㣬Һү⼸ղڣ֪ƣ鷳ˡ

岻ãʳע⣬˵ȾˣȻҲһڵ˵úܣ㱻֪ˣҲ͹ȥˣ鷳Ļߡ

׷ʵ֪ƣã֪Ů𣿡

֪ƿ˼Ƭ̣֪ǿǸģӦλ˾ӣ֪СŮӣθұͻ
ԽԽôһ£϶С㣬Ӧǲ֪ġ

ҲǣԼϾʱװ磬һӡʮҪӦøǷȥɡ

ֵ֪ƵĿ϶ȥŪˮԡ



ֻ֮Щȥ

һգǰ಻ס˼ȥĴԣɴȥ˿ջһˣ˼Ƶ¡

ڽ̸֮Уֺûʲô֮ദһ㣬ûб仯㲻ٿЩеûĥԼ

ֽǸӸĴ粻ͬһϮ£ͷ߸ͷϣһɫͨһ㡣

ԼѰƺõת˸Ȧ磬ǲǺˣ׼վʹѺһȥԺ

Ǽϸ֮ǰѾЩ۵ȾЦ⣬˵Ļĳ棺Ժͳһѵġ

ֹȻЩʧû£ȥԺżҲҪŵʱͿԴһҲ˼ء

Ҳ˼ף
һĿʽ

ȻûѡԺֹѧ˽ɽĹ˵ˣһҲá

չʾԼѣţеС˸ʳй



ջظϻһ¡ҲһܾͬˣҲûͬڿջһڵ顣

𱾾͹һˣڿջһ˹ĺ̡ϾһǵĴ飬ԼӲҪһҲá

ϵľ֮ɫսУЩʲôﱾž֮գ㵱гһǡѧȥһʫ಻ڿջ

ô˵ֲŷѧһЩѧҵ;֮£Ҳá

ҽͻؼޡֽ͵ʳд򿪣±㳢

ʳиӽҿСɵö±УĻƷ裬ÿһöӡһС֡
ǡ󸹬۹

ּһ֪дġдȻȥģߣ±
һġ

Ц۾ȻǶԼ±ʮģȴĿޡ

±òòõпֱʳá

⼸±صڴǷֻֽ
˼ʼɢƲסȥػ˵Щʲôǹغѧҵꣿ

±оòġ⳯ûжɳڣҪЩ
ֻǶ˵ʲô£ϹĥҲġ

ɳ̫ѣ춹ȥƤãǣŷܳɹȻҲһαĶɳͽżزģ

⵼ϸ۵ָ˼㣬ֻǲϸ㿴ˡҲ׼𿴵Ȼĸо

磬±϶ûԹģҿĥ˺þòŪأ˫Ͻۡ

Щڴѡһдšֵ±һ±ֵֽ˽⣬Ӧһ顣
ҧһڣȴûԤе谭Сֱ±ʶûж

ɫкΪǶôصϺ棬ʼӣ²ʲôڣ

һ±ġġûζĬƬ̡

ݣ΢ζƳݼ䣬ʳﲻȤʵ޷ֱųȥʳʲôֻõҲ²

ȻҲָʲô𰸣Цýǹ𰸣Ǻ춹ޣ

˵յףв⣬ƵҲ˵һ飬޲ý±Сͷβȫһ飬ܽ˷ų

ϲϣԡһӳԶ˻Щζġ֪ʳϲһ㣬ʵв˶ûƫãĲɫǰûرһ֡

ףʾԼ֪ˣһΰǶġ
ǡЩ±ȫһ顣

ֲ֪ôģֻԼʮֺãЧҲԼεġ

޾ϸȴ¶˶ɳҪ»𷭳ʵץס֣ů塣

ֻһۣԺ̸ֳһ仰
ָи

ֻ׾ָȴЩĿĺ㣬üͷѾͿĨ͸ҩࡣ
ܸҩˡ

ּüΪҪԼĲСģȷˣѾһҲʹ϶

𿴵ϵʳУ־ȻЩԼ±Ҫ˵ĲٽĻ˵»ԣΪǡ

ԤȥԶĻشַӦǳԼ֣ԵĻóͺ

гΪʲôҪ
ѵĻóһ
ôŵȫԼξܾ̬ǿӲҪԼԶ±顣

ɫ磬ȻѧԼҲٵʱˣ׼ǡ

磬ȻȥѾˣȥ˻֪Ҫô˵𻵻أ

·Сġ׼һˣֵȥѧǶˣ˵Լģˡ

ĿΣԺĺɫƺǰҡΣҵСҪ˰Сûطпʣµ±

һһտҲʲôҲûС

˵ʧ¶ϣûˣҲûڵͷ

û
ʲôҲû
ϡ

ϣ

Ȼʲô

гϴ

гɼ±ڷǰ췢ڵĺ춹۾

Լġ
Ǻ춹

ǡ˼






32.  ѧ׷   С


, ǱҪ׼ȥԺˡ

Ժ⣬˵ˣ⸮ѧӶĽѧʦġԺֻͨԺԵѧ, ѧ֮´Ҳ֪

ΪάǮԺѧ, Ժǲһѧ, ֻضΪͨԺԵĿǵ֡

ȻǻǮԺ, ֻҪֱӴѧ顣

ԺѾȫѧÿһ꿼ԺԵѧ֮໥ʶ, Ҳֻڶˡ

ѧԺҲδ˽֮תָ, ֱӡ



⿤š

, СһѰ, ﻹ, ˿̹ϱ߳صءҪϰɽܾģ

ƵվһǰλȵŮӣ

ԶĪһ֣ЩӼæΪ࿴˼, Ҫ÷ԶġһĹϣ˽ҲЩϻؼ滹Ӻڼ֮ʱ

䵭úܣ, ʱԶ, Щ飺ֶһȥǰԺҲûչ㣬¶в, Ǻαأ
֪ȥԺģֲǸӣȥԺָμѣʵڵǡ

ֲԼʲô£οأԼҲ£ûʲôµġ
ѵֱ֣ԼԸȥġңҶ飬ҲǼѽ

ֻһֽһĿ

⻭ȴ۵úܡһ죬ֳֵУŮܲףֵܻչһЩӹǡ

ֻûӦϰദⷴӦ˺ǲ̫ϲ̫׽ԭǰ

⻰Уȴǵü΢֪Ůӣ˵ǰӲŸӦ֪ʲôǡŮܲס
ԼҺѲ뱩¶ŮݣȻҲỵ¡

̬ºͣû˺ɫ±λӣЩ˵ˮȴֵֶôһֶͬԺӦְɣ

𱾾ΪԼˮ֮ܺΣĲ˿ֱ֮仹Եһ㡣еĲ䣬ƽлӹֵܵĹģԻչ˺

Σ뿪⿤˰Ժ֮ŮҲӴ֡
ֻԼһֱߡ

˼ϻۣó𲢷ǳ֮Ҳ˲˵ʵΪΪ׿һŵԼһԺҲڹµ

⻰¶һĵЦݣ˵Ҳͷˡ
˵֣꣬һľϻֶ֪㲻ȱʲôһ⣬һ֮ʱٽ֮򿪡

Щ棬в̫ԶԺʦֲǱģСŮ̫Щ鷳

ԺַͳһЬֻ࣬˼׼ϾʱٴƱҲʲô򲻵

⸱ģҲЩᡣܹϻ˵е󣬵ҲأҲ¡

лᣬҲԺͷңʱҴ档Ǻ˵ԺɽϣϾøʢѧѵùңÿ±һտѧǵԺ̽һ
ȻˣӦҲʲô°ɡ

ģǵĶӣʱˣǳɡ

Ժ䲻ԶȥҲôգʱǳʱĩԺӦøպܸǰ

ҹ·Σգ಻뵢ʱһۣһ·ƽлš

ЦЦģһġ



ΪģֲδüеĽӣһ

ǰʰĶúܣ˵ڽ֮УǴ´ࡣ

˽ӱһֱǸľϻֵģ̲סô֪򿪿ǡ

ʻͷҲ̧λϻҪװʲôУŴӦһ˵ʱܿأ

ҲҪô
Ļشϵá

ʵʲôûѵԼһѣԺĲ²Ͻ͵Сʱʶʱܳţġ

Ȼû˵ģʶ磿

ǻûƢǲˡ̧ͷһĮûб𣺡ǵȻʶĵһѣ

󣬿˵۵һ˾

ӵĽֵǽĵ棬վһɰذֱͦˡ

ô˵ɫԻʶ

룬ѵǽǳĳһؼʮֺгʶԷг˶ٷֱ˴Ů£һˡ

˵᲻ƽⰡ
ںôãЩҲ̫Ӧˣô죿

뷨дϣһ֪

üͷģҲþ
ôѻشǲܸ֪ô

ƲȻζҲ̫֪£ֻҪԺŮûٽӽͺá



һ·ʲôջǲܹЪţ׼˸㣬׼պãϵԺȻʳ

ȡմʪֺʳС

ڷŵˮ𻨸⣬Ө͸Ŵּ˱ڳһߣ磬㳢
δ֣̫㣬һˡ

𻨸⣬ðһͷ
ôǺ춹⣿

Ȼ˵ſڣֵֽĸ¡

Ĺ𻨸ⱻˣȴһղźʲôָ

ջ֣ɵؿԼָ⣬Щʪ͸ߵĹƺЩȡֿھ׽·
Ĵ𣿻𷽲ųԹ𻨸ʱ촽СĲԼָˣ

ɻ¶δףĿ㿴˹ƺôͣˡ

ֽԺֵһȥСЩȻûС
Լˡ

һ𻨸ҧһڣЩĲɣƽԵʳû취ע
Ĳ촽Ҳʲô¡ɣ

ûע⵽Ŀʱ˫ڱҧһڵĸϡ
ԲŴĹ𻨸ȱһ飬ܿŵӡ

Ŀ۵ŨûİɫԣҪ

С

ϡ






33.  ѧ׷   һж˲ͬѰ

Ժƻֺ, ʲƣڰɽ

ֶ˵ʱѾ쵽ʱˡ

վԺԽպһܣԺѧʱ㶨ڽա˴ж, еһ·͵Ժſ, ʱġ

ϾǸԺ, ȻֻͨԺԵѧ, ֻǸǰһؾܾ˲ٿԺֻնʮµѧӣͬʱ֮ѧδо, Ҫ뿪Ժ

ƾ֮·죬һ·ԡԡԺǲ, ˴ӴؿƷ, һҲ޷ȡһšĹ

·, ж绪ïʱ̾, ѧӱʸ꡵ĺˮ

ƣԺѧҲλˣҲˣŸԵܽԺһҫ

վǰ, ̧ͷŶϵǿҡ

׼ȷ˵Ҳǿҡ
Ұɫĵ״ֲڲƽʯͷɡڶĸд桪Ժ

īȻЩȥӳ֮ȴ¶, µʥ֮Խ, ӵѧǵ顣

ǹ绰֮дЩĺ꾫ԺŶȥҪ¶ԭ˰ɣ

ְĸһ˲ָ֮̾, ˶Ǻҽ֣ȴʯ׺֡

뷨ͬв١

ѧǸ㼺˵Լ԰Ժѡ⡣

ɽ֮ʯԹ񡯣ҵѧȡú갡
ʯã˪¶ɽϣҵȲηƾ֮裬ӭѶϡ



ǵ뷨̾Ժ治һЩѧӣſʯͷҶô࣬ʵ
վŵʵ֣룿

֮ǰͺõģҪԺѧǻһһ硱غЩ֣˾ѧĳƺҲһ¡

䡰֡ЩӦеƽʯҲɶᡣ

ãһͻȻһλӣ룬̾ʯҲɶᡯǰԺҪЩѧӵİ

ֱͻȻֵһ߽

֣𣬸λǣ

ӴЦƺȡ£׺һڣ̶߽ԺԵ

Χѧᶼڼѧ˷֮Уûע⵽ߵ¡ֿȥıӰǸˡ
룬˵ԼĲ²⣺Ժķأ硭֣ǸϽѧɣ

ѧҵԺˣһǴźɫСͯѧȥύԺ׼õ֮ǩ֣֤ѧѾѧԺˡ

ԺգѧӲδ˵ǼǣǱΪѧʸֻ

СͯŶ˽һдϣִǵ˼뿪ˡ

᲻󣬱䣬߷һŰܰż档һһҷŰŴֽȥ˿ľͷϰɾı죬ŵǵ㡣

춼ҪˣȻŽģҲʵЩˡ
ϣ磬

ʳĶӾͷϸСĶ

װûŲǻҡ֡

ѽھʻãǾ仰˵ָоԼпտҲ˲ԴΡ
ӣûſľϣҶòˣҲû˸ȥŪԵİ

һҲֻЩִĸ㣬һЩδ̫⸱ģˣְϵԴֱ̽̽ĶͷȷûзȲŷһЩ
ŽַҿʳλãӦţȥҵЩʳ

ƽﲻ˵ɽ亣ζҲһʹ⣬ҪԸʽ㡣ǰˣǰй˷ܾڣûھͷȥֻöվվ
ʪΨһһܽԼˣ磬ܴܲԵĻ

ΪжԺԺˣ֪Ժѧӽʳķʳǰ⸱ģĲ̣ȵ˱ˮůůӡ

ˮСͯΪ׼ģỹȵġ

ι꣬ŵȵңҺܿ

Ժѧסĵط԰ſһʯӡԺͼϣ˴ʳԶشһյĹ

ߵſڣЩģŹغãһǰ˽

˵ֻ΢˵ͷԼˡ



뿪ûжãֱߵŵİӵĽ
ЩȫʶοԼ㲢δǡ

˭֪ʮּ֣𣿡
ûеõ𸴣ʦܣġ

̧ſϵͷѹΧûʲôԭû

һᣬĸоѾȥҲԺģǲŵĻû⻹뷨ӡ
ôţӦʦԵȡ

һѧվǰһԺѣòףһ˫һ峺͸ǹ˵񣬼˱̲ס׽

ִ˿ţ·ҲֻųʳֽӹԷеļ֧ͷллʦ֡˵űݡ

Ӳδ뿪˼ڵʦǽղԺİɣ£֪֮ѧմ

̴֡һ䣬ĵʦЩûԼĲͷдˣҳʦǷѧʦܱ㲻ʦˡ
˵㹰֣ת׼ᡣ

··ûһ㣬ºͣǡֻӣ֮ġ֡

üδش𣬱һϤ䵭ˣǡʱ˲ʶ֡ġ֡

ҹɫеδȼֻи͸ֽӳģعճ˵Ӱ

ʳУɫƵؿָǰվŵӡ߲δƿȴʳеݸ֣ǴӦҲ˿ţ

ӹʳУֹʱ䣬϶ԼûԾ͸ͷˡֱۣʦǸˡ

Ƿ棬λʦֵԯޣ˼㡣˵¸˵ĸо崺磬ǰ߾͸ٺ

Լ֣ѹеķ꣬£ʦ֣ˣǱȽˣʦ㡣
˵ҲܶԷĻӦסֵ󣬽˴ᡣ

ľŹ󣬵ڰİҲš

ֱϣûɿŤŤȴʼճ鲻


ֿǰɫ

ΪԼûڷ
ҲǣҪȥԷʱԼҲ˺ȥԼˣԼվſںͱ˵
ȷʵƭޣ

ҪΪԼһ磬ҸղǶûʦһֱڡ˵һ룬䴫ζ

˶٣´ǣһֱţ˵ġǻҪģȥˡ

һֶˣûȴĲ

ΪܽԼóϽϷľչȥϣͷ
磬ҺöѽȳԷɣ˵µ£ǰꡣ

ﻹûüֻмĹ͸

ֵ󻹱ţϸ壬

ռխ˽ľܵھŵϢ

ͷǰϤļģʱ
ʱ谵Ļע˫̫İ괽̫ǰɢŵļƷ˿˲ͬѰ

ĵǽƺʼ̡
͸ġս衣

Ƶֻܽɿסɾ






34.  ѧ׷   һ֮

չ, ѧǶѵԺҪѧˡ

ѧ̫Ϊ, Ҳ峿㿪ʼˡ

÷Ӵеһĳ, мһʯ, һ, ڴҵơ

÷ӵָ£ʥоߵ֮񣬽ߵ֮

ͳһ, 䣬ʱҲ, һĹ, 㽫ߵˡ

Ե˽Ӳͬ, Ϊ˽, ѧԺİʦвޡÑһѧһԵĳо֣Դȡһ𡱵ĺͷѧˡ

÷֪֮, ȴȻνʣŻ׵ͷѧվš

ϣȰ֮ģλ, ӽ, ȱҰԺѧӡλʥ֮ԣӽΪģΪ, Ϊʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽǿ۹ġ

ѧ˫ֱȭֵѧ֮ԡ

ʮ˵һӣ

ԺѧµԣҹԼյĿꡣ



Զĸ¥֮ϣźɫվһ

ҵķ罫Ǻɫµķ˿ŵ¹ϵѧǾȥ

ԣ˵޷

ὫѰĺڷУվĶʮλѧȥǱһֱǹŵˣ

һɫ䣬׵°ˡ

·ỺЦºͣ˵Ļȴſ̱Ҳ֪ۣŲˡ

ûʲôġ
˵ע⵽ʲôһʧ񡣽ջĿ⣬뿪̨ӣ߰ɡ

¼뿪Ҳûµ£ҴɨȺѧһۣȥ

·յϵǰĸ¥һۣǵôˡ

ſһ˵ĸ̨ҡҡͷ¡



ʦÿ쵽ʱѧǱ׼ȥʳԷ

ͬǸ߳㱻ԱһѧӺסŲ֡ǲҪȥʳһ𰡣

סǵѧΪʣðװ֣ýȻģͨҾף˵ڳ͢ٵģҲкüѧҪŪùϵҲиӦЩѧӶ̫飬֪ĿĲ
Ȼи͢ҪԱĸףȴǿԼͨԺԿԺģѧǲͬ

˵ΪʶǻҪ˵ǰյš

֪ģͻȻվɫЩ̫֡ˣ˲ô࣬оûмͺá
ȲʳУʼá˻ţֱƮʮ˴ѡ

ǾͰѸסŵˡ

ʱ춼ˣͷȻ΢ߵĺǵҪɽֹ

Ŵ򿪺վ⡣ŶӣҰһͷйҪ

˿ˣƺ֧ŲסԲӾҪˡȻվԭؽסһܿˡЩˤſϣҺ֣ʱַűվȡ

˲Ϊŵлֱӿ˿Ӽ֣бŷǿҵĿ̨ܺһ𣿣

ֲ㱻ͻȻŵÿסӹˮ˺ȣ¿еʳ˰ֵУ𡭡ֻûأ

˷պ˷ݵģһôԡֽװŷ˵ĵӰһЩǣСӿ

Ѹʢˮ·پܾһ£Ҫ޳̨һʤ߼

ңļⶼΪ֮һЩû취ΪҲüᶨһ㣺λ̨Ҳֻ

û˵꣬ʾѸײڶ֮ͳһСľУڷһ˫ӡ

˫ĿӣֳĬƬ̣ŻʲôɾܾʵڲеĻֻ˵øֱһˡţȴţߣʷ룺һɡ

ԷȻͻġǲϲ˺֮䣬ֻǷǴҵĺ·ĵòֶȥ
ĲɵؽַԼߵĲ˵ƵľУԼǸ㿪ʼԷ

һĻЩȣ˽ӴǣôȻתӡԴʡԲԴС۾ģûʲôرİ

Ƭ̣ܲΪСӿſɰɣ
ܱɰ

һ۾ʲô˿˵ϹʲôϽԡ

⻰û˫ӣǳֻ뵽ĸ֡ơƣƲһܰ˳ˡ

ֱϾѾһˣҲöϽѲ˼еǶԡ

֮ǲ֪ʴСδңŮС˷̵˵ַſڡԶԺΪ֤ԼѧľģһˣСҲδϣʶԼͷˡ

šѭŷС

⡰һ֮ʱʱǶһͬȥʳԷҪ͡ɫ䣬˼رںҲŪˣģʵССֲǸˡ

ֻȻǹ˼뷨ġѯǷԸһ߲ÿɷһɡ

ϾǳѧδʼϿΣûʶĻᡣһʮѧӣȥ˵ҲʶˣһʣһǡԶ

֮󣬷ԶֻЩòؼȥٿѧǲͬǣԺѧѰ⽭ϸõķӽ̵ԼԸ긮ԡ

⿤֮ʱżи׷ǵܽԺѧӶͨҪôѧڣҪôҾףֻǶ߽УȻԸŷԶ

˶ſԶЩԲλࡣ

Ե˲ʮ꣬šѧʸǿǮģᱻѧۣʮʹġ

һ쵽һжֱѧ档

˿ЦĻ棬벻˺š

Ϊʲô
Ϊʲô˳죿
ҲǿӽΪʲôЩ˴һţ

ֻúһݵĿ⣬عͷ˲ԶվŵķԶŤҲò˰ĿȴƽȾ

ĪǻڼǺ޸ǰҩ£üͷ

ߵע⵽ˣͷѯôˡ

ֲԸƽ£ЦЦǰߣͷǸˣû£ǿȥԷɣǸˮʺúó԰ȻλҴһ㣡

״ƲЩȴΪסǵĿ⣬ԺƳˮʵʳġ

ݩǡź⡣

ϲζ嵭Ĳˡ

ȥʳһա






35.  ѧ׷   ԶҲֿ

ѧ, ڶձҪʼϿˡ

컹־ͱͷ쳳ѡ

֪ϴģԺ, ÿն˯, ΢е㶯ᱻѡ

֪, ʲôʱˣδ, ֻԼ⿤Уſڱ㻽֪ơ

Ӧȴ֪ƣһͳîʱ̡

ôǸˣ
ŵֱ

˺һ, ŷӦѾڰԺˣ
һ, û˯ƣֳ, ɻȥ, ñ, 磬˯һᡣ

һŴϣȻƽȣתѵ̫ճ, ǻ˯żɳƣ·Ķ˵˳ŵУ̶ļ䡣

ͬеľ֡
϶, һ, ٻظβƽ̧ȥ˻ڲɫ䣬ֻ΢ĺƽȴ, ˯˹ȥ

ǵԺĵڶȥġ

Ժڵᶼһ䣬ûжġѧҲãǡǶʮжǸܹһסһ䡣

ҲʻӣҲֵİɡƺеӡ

Ȼÿտ鷳ЩͬסǷĵġǰҲϵѾ׼˶Բߡ

ǵԺ󣬵ڶѧѧӣ޽ֹеĹҪأֱԺĳ˼ƥɫϣڴϴ˼ӣϹȥǴһڴϣڹ⣬ܵˡ

ȻֻԼöĲ˳Ҳһ
ܵͬҲҪһԼĿռƽл·ҲһЩ

˵أ͵Сľϻӣ澹ȻһʮĴ׶ϣʲˡ֮⣬滹Щ´ͷ޻ʹõ֡

巢ʱû죬ˡ

ֵƵǸСľϻӣһֱ̾ϸģľϻӷڴβúúõġ

»ǵ̫ˣΪ͵Ķ֣˯Ҫһֺ˰졣

ƷŵùģϻӾϣҲ᲻Ҳĵذڴβԭ

ⴲ̫ۣȥĵվͱʼˣӲҲһǱߣűίͰ͵˷ȥǳںͷֱЦ

֮⣬Ժһ鷳¾ԡ

ԺϾЩĴɼͨԺԴѧǻʮӵġѧǼȿһȥԡԡҲԻǮѰЩСͯˮԡ

źߣȥһԡãһӲͬȻҲġֻҪȥţٻװɡ
˿ǱԼлҪһЩ

ձѧȥԡõʱԼһȥԡżһҲ⣬ܹԼıǡ

ÿռ˴󷽵ԡܣĲ²⾹ֵЩ

һҲŤ
ŮӣλԼͬסһݣλᡭ

Լ˼ۻ࣬Щ޶˵

Ȼ֪ʲô֪ˣԼҲֻϣôΪɡϾ֪ԼŮӣ϶Ҫϻؼҵģ
ȻҲû֤ݣ϶ͬȫ˵Ժ档



ˣϴִָˮź𴲡

Ҫѧˣʱ赽ѧ׼ãҶϿεĵһվͳˡ

û뵽Լѧ֮󲻹գҪˡ
ɥһС̵ڴϻԺַİɫ׼´

G磬˫ЬûԺǷַЬ඼׼ˣͳһţԼġ

˯ǰڴͷģֱӻЬӺյ־ͱˣȥˣ

ڴߣȣѾõذ׵ӣڴػţſյ˫ʧٵЬӡ

δȵĻظűԼĽױʲôסعǰסĽЬҪס

һĻŵò󴦵ǽƤǸоһ̡

ƽ֪ҲδԸԼЬæ磬ԼУ

ȴδţԽֻЬãվɡ

ǾЩŤɿϴ꣬Ҳҿ׼ѧȥ

סʲôȥʳ



ʳвѧӣĺִ˸кš

Сںࡣƽһ㶼ЩˣȻ𣬵ҲûʲôθڣֻҪůůθ

ֻô㣬ָҪ˿ӱһҪʱţѧֺ

ǰıЩ˵˵ûԺϿʱĳǳʱʼֱʱŽδʱʼʱһҪѧĸʱ

ʹ̫뵽һ磬ǽӹӱҧ˼ڡ

ҳԲθڲǶӣŬ˰ӱѸоԲˣգһ˫۾ϣҪ˵Լ˷ʳ

߼꣬ǽеıйʣµİˡ

ִ˿ˣ΢죬ֹھ׽ʳꡣ

оκˣηӿ
˾͸ԼЬֳԼʣµı

ǰɣ
Ժʲôħ

ΪʲôȻôͬꣿ
ݵʯǿ׷Ӱɣʲôħְɣ

ҪԷǲʲôʡ

ƫƫǰ˻δϵʰ÷һࣺȥѧðɡ



ѧǵĵһϿΣǵһÿΣǲδ׼̵ʲô֪ʶҪΪѧӦһԺ

ԺȻµѧӶǿԺԵǣȴֻ̰˹ɡЩؿݡ

һ˵ÿ̵ѧǿƾ֪ʶ֡䡢顢ݣּԳ͢õ˲š

ԺÿջЪһ죬ѧȴɽ뿪ԺֻԼԺ

ȻԺҲὫѧǹķǽﲻӴ磬ʱʱ̤֮֯Ļ

֪ԺѧӰʮˣȥһʮˣͨԺԵѧӡееδ׼ãҪѧȥμԣѾ˾˽Żġ

ԺڷΪסҡ࣬ģͱڱࡣ

ֻÿµĿ֮󣬲ŻὫЩ༶»֣ѧȻװ࣬ЩԽϲѧӱ䵽ȥ

ҲǼѧϽķ֮һ

ֵһµʱض˵ǲһˣ

ˮƽ϶Ǽװһĳ̶ȰԼＸģܻ쵽һͲˣܲܺЩ˾ѧʮꡰ֮ҲѧӱȰɡ

ĵǺɫ䣬ֻŵǻһֱһ𡣡

ԶҲֿ






36.  ѧ׷   ˫ֻۣҪ

ѧò, Ϊߣÿ߸Уš

߽㷢һŵĽͷ, , Ҫһ

ֵȥ, , Ȼǲͬġ
̾Щƾ֪ʶһϲͨΨһѧһ㻹Ǽǰӽ̵, ᲻˵ϱļǲ̫ˡû֪ʶ, ȻҪںͷˮ㡣

ǡ
Ϊѧҵ, ΪܵõĽ, ֻú˵һš

Ϊ𸶳࣡

˵ÿη, ڳ͢ҲǼƷ٣ﰵ²һ׸ѡɲ֪Ϊʲô, ǹԺһͨͨķӡ

ʮͣϣѴǹ٣ȴһ, ˲ҽӽ
Ͽʱ, ѧµķӡ

ҲӣϣܰԼڽӷֵԭ

ֿɪɪԼᱻʣ, ͬʱԼҲ鱾档
˼̫ӣһߵԼᱻһ⼸յĹ֮

Ը̾ϣһЩõԼΨһѻᱻʮĸۣˡ

ǵģֿ˼һ·˷ԭ֮֡

һܵĻûʧ
ŵ˵ԼΨһһѡʱȻԺôͬˣԼѱ˹ߵĵǡ
ڶԼǴ粽ܿһ

Ȼеڶֿܡ
ǾǡԼˡ

ƪȻûֹŮҲûйʲôϵرõ˰
ܲܶ˰ɣ

Լڴµģһ·ŵĺۼ˳Ĭ

ĵ֪Ƿ񿴼ˡ˿߶ŵ꣬Ŀбӣһֱڿǰġ·ʲô顣

Ȿܵ˰ɣ
ҪҪôһģ䡰壬С
仰֪ʲô˼òã

λ˽ѧĵһÿΣͬʶһ

ӵеĽһߵһŵѧǰӣʾǿʼ

һѧ߽ԼҾѧõ˵ѧˮţԺԸպöʮλͬ

ʾѧӱҲѧԼ硢ԺʱΡ

Ϊһ࿪ʼܣʣµѧӡ

ֲʶԼϵЩͬԭһʮˣȥԶѧġҲ˵ʣµĶʮ˾Ȼš

˲òడ

ע⵽ԶɫûʲôԺο˵˶һ

ֿӣ˵ӦûֹĽܷʽŶԣڵһվͽѧֿѧ֮ദֻţ֮Ĵѹ

ֵʱ⣬վŲʶͬЦЦλͬã⿤֣պλͽ̡
䣬˽˵̼˼ңȫƾǮǿԺơ

Ļλվ𣬲ԣ򵥵ԭ𡣡
δ˵ԼԺԵΣֵĻѺã·Ҫ˵עԼϡ

ʵˣ仰ѧӡ˭ѧǮġˡԺ԰׾ȻҲԺЩѲŰ

ЩʮҵˣЩͬʯˮһ㣬ɵĶԽԽҪͣ

ֻžһý߻һ棬üͷǶǵʮֲ

һѧǲʶӻǰ̽졣ѧһʱš

ļžδãӱ㿪ڴסգλˣزΪѰ̸Ц
ָ˵̸ʱˣǰԺѧĿıۡ

⻰˵òѧ϶ʮֹҲס΢ǱϾһԺѧǲſţڼǱţ˶ҪһЩ

ӲǺε飬ʣΪԺ

ͻȻһսսվ亹Ҫ䣬ʮֽŵģֻͷһĻжʮͬ顣

ΪͬͬʱԼҲ˼⣬һˣôشأ

ΪʲôԺ飿
ܲ˵Ϊɣ

ֻü˼ѾĿİͰͻش𣺡ѧѧ뿼Ͻʿҫ棡

ƺĴ𰸲ʮ⣬׷ʵˣڼкβɣΪԺѧ

ֵ֪ǲʱ̱ﻤ֮³ɳϣܶԺƾԼȡù
˽º˵ģǲԸ⽫ɴĵȥֻ뵱һܡ

־ûʲô˵ģ˵ڽ뷨ˣҲƽЦΨ֤Լ֮󣬽֮˵塣
ȻˣֱҲ

ʱ죬Ը˵룬һʱҲ಻ɣֻøվţֱӵѹȸС
ֵǵͨ죬·һ̱ҪѪ

Ӽ첻˵ų⸱ģٱ£һѧӵ֣˵˵


ôǵ㵽
̫ˣ

վԴտգֻ͵͵ߵҪԷݸ𰸡ȻǰǱ̯ġָȴָһ仰

˼ɣͶʡҲ

ԭˡ
仰㲦ִطӣѧΪΨС͡ܡ˼롯Ժ˲żüãſѧˣѧΪƶ֮

Ļش΢΢ףϿϲŭҲ˵ǶǴֻ¡

λѧǽΪһѧˣΪٻ󡢹ҫ棬ǹʥ֮ԣΪμ£

̨ϣǰŵһѧӣòۣ緢лн顢ɡֻ׸

ѧҵڴ˴ΪΪʡΪˡ־Ķ԰鱾ԪԪǶ޲ɣҲĪ



һÿӲδ˵ʲô徭֮ԣ̸һ㡣뿪ѧȻϣԡ

ǰΪλ㵱׸ķӻᳩ̸¹£û뵽һαǡġ
ôһ룬Ժȷʵûһˡǲ̵֪л룬᲻һЩأ

֧ʣֽ֮ϣŷӵĻ
Ӿֵ뷨ơ

ûԼһѧкβԣЩ֮Ĳıϡܿӳ̸֮ʱеĹе㽡

ѾֵԸǸֵܶˣΪʵһС

˫ֻۣҪͺá



һ磬ÿΣʱȥˡ

һ¿ΣꤵĶӣдǸϽȥʳɡ

ˣ鱾úñһʳߣ·ϻ˸ӲҪһԷʡ

ѧãʵĻƺֻˣʼੲݵ˵ӡ

֪𲻰ģֻ˵ȻҲ̫ù˰ɣ

ȷʵЩȤǾʶ

˵ӣȻвٻҪ˵ߣǰҵϵɺãСʱѧĵһʫ̵أʱҲŶ󰡣ʶղסҪҳʫ
αȻֱ̣Ҫһѱһᣬѧ̧֮ͷһ۶ҵӡ

ֱһԼͬ飬ʺվŸˡ
ʼ۾ʾ˵ˡ߲û˼ڹӰû뵽ԺȻҪţ

İΧһȦ˶ĬĬû취ˡ

ѧӣԺóƺΪվƬ̣Ҫȥʳţ˵£һʱЩפƬ̡
򱱷ǻʳǵλãǰӪӪҪռһϯ֮صĵط

ʱһ仰ŵԭأ͵ؿ֣ǾǲԼŵЩԹ㱻ȥˡ

ֽյɫ࣬˵ͷʾȷʵӡ

һ΢ױѹʵһݣһɫհף֪Ťͷװû

ӵΪ˵仰߹ʳȥˣ·ʲôҲûһ㡣

ȵӰʧǰ·ϣʲŸҶΡΡҪסֵĸ첲Ѱһ֧šЩվˡ

ֻûֵ䣬ͱһסˡ

ץס֣дšԡһ˲ǰǺлԼ̫µֱҪ

ҺֻһЩ֮ģȥʳɣ˵зʨͷȥҲҪѧӳˡ

óԵģʸеԼƺЩȥĶ˫еʪƻȥСС۾գ£ǻʲôȥȥ
Ǻ޲Ҫһ·ܵʳ



˵ûȷʵзʨͷΪ·ϵ̫ãʱѾѧӷֵòˡ

ʳԷΪ֣һѾõĸɫʽ˵ѧѡñֱʳãһֱѧԼǮˣֻȴЩʱ䡣ѡߣݵһʱǶû档

ϾԺ飬ܵģҲ޳ѧʳϻ̫ʱ䣬ѧǳȥϲ֮⣬Ǻٻʳ֮е˵ġ

ʿʨͷдŵļƬˣĸб֣˵Ժôѧ

ԲãסãӶǴСԼĲ˿ȻȲԼڼ̹Ҫ븸ӻԽҵĺͼ׳־ʨͷ׻ȥٴӣһ飬ζ

һͷֻں𷽲żеҪȥ߲ʵ⣬ɴװû͵߲˵ģ˼һᣬشҵǲ̫˵ʮûϾ˾ѧ㰾ٲԣͿ԰ɡ

𾪣Դҡɲ˹ģһʮ꣡вУ˾ٺóԣʮ꣬û꣬Ҳûȹҡ

룬ҲǸӣͿ㿼ϾˣӦҲУ

Իһأָͷ㣬оԼǰ;һƬڰ

ҪͰԺ涼һ顪ͻᱻҳȥ

⻹û˵꣬ͱһֱ˵ϣʳԣרĳԷ
˵ָһϲɫֲ

һ˵٣ÿοڶֱסˡδ֮ĬĬҶӡԶû˳⣬ƵýԼÿӰʨͷøЩ

ţǱ׼ȥЪϢһ¡

ֵʰúҪ뿪ʳ֮ʱȴһ߼ѧӵۡ

Ǹְɣ
˵ԺģҲûʲô¡
˼񶾵úܣԼͯԾͺأ



ָһȻҲˡ

Щ˵ЩԺȷʵûʲôʱ򺦹ˣܲǷԶǻص°ɣ
ԶҲڴԼɵĻ»˼óˮ

סҪȥ

Щ粻˵˵ƫƫǾʱ˵ЩȻ˵ģ˵Ǹġ
ԺֹѧӶŹǳ˱ץǿҪʵԸֱӱԺˡ

⼸һҲûһѧĶʮѧеġֻԺѾ˼ġʦ֡ˡԺ˼꣬ȻΪһԺ±ôȥ룬¶͸¶Щ졣

ֻǣסȴһʡ

ԲԸʵǸһըӡױųֱ˵Ļ´û⼸˻˵Լѣ̲ˡ

粽߹ȥʣ˵ʲôأ

ǼѧȻҲû뵽ʻΪֳͷһʱ֮䲻֪˵

겮ȷӦڵǲ˵Щʵô˵

飬СΪһĵǰϡ⣬һȥ̵ײڶˡ༫ˡ

겮⼸еһͷģçײŪסһ˵ҪԺж𣿡
ˣʸ˵һ䡰ǡҪӣ

־չҲ̫ԣԾǸȦװ
סʣȰĻû˵ڣͱʽһ仰ԭء

˵ԺŹͿ뿪Ժ𣿡
ǲ⣿

һڿС
ӸµӰж
ҪҪסʣ

֮£³ˡ

һɫѧȴƽԵ£󣬳ĵӳʡ

һۣ˲²⣬ʵλͬ£

ĵֱŻʵļ˶ֻݺһۣ͵¡ҵ¼˼λʦܣʶһ

ͣЦЦˣ˱áһλ˿ڽִǱ㲻ˡ

ǼѧȻʮ־أǰҴʰ˵ԼԺˣȸˡ

³ֵһֱ̣㱻

Ϊ߲ǰε˼ԼӦõţӦһơ
û̫ãȻߵǸǰкˡ

˵䣬ȰĪҪ˼Ǿʶ
ű㿴ֶˣʦܣʦܡ֪ɻӦԺ

㵽ִ̽һԴлʦֹģһжá
֪ϲλʦ֣ϾԷΪǽΧҲתߣʦ֣绹ΣȻЪϢˡġ

˵ͺϲ֪˵ʲôʱվһߵʡ

ʳߣ²֮ʱѹ㡣
ѯʣѧʱȻģǸ¥֮һζӰ˼޶¡

ֻҪ޹أ˾кĿģҲûٸʵ׵˼ֻǸ֪ԷЩС

µһ˿죬δǰֲԣͣͷôˡ

ǰ洫Ļ΢΢䵭ϣԶ㡣



βδϳɡ

׼ȷ˵һ룬ˡ

αɹӽ̵óһˣЩһϲͨ֡䡢飬ٺѧҹѧЩɡ

ǵʱѧǽ⣬Ҳ⡣˵Ŀ޲̱չʾһԼ˵ʡ
źǣĿոձ˵꣬ͳһ벻¡

ԺһѧӣֳǽͨԺԵĿ
׿ӿ׽ʿʮ

ԣǰ̣·Ҧ֮ʱһʧͯǴСȥ٣ٸΪѰ˭֪뿪ٸǰԺ֮ʱǺӾȻָҪͬС

׿Ϊѧܴһӣϸ⺢뷨ȴûõ𸴣ֻʮֿܻȥҦ̬в룬ȴҲ̫ʱܹ飬ֻƲ£˶·ȥ⿤˸ý䰲ٺãŴҴ·Ժ

ŸͬһЩ·̲Щ㣬׽ֻ֮һ·ЩֻȴҲ˳ա

ѧѧӶɹӴŹѧһѧҵѧϵܵʱ׿ͻȻǰѧʲѧ֮£ȥһˡ

αֻͣ¡

Сͯ򹨷Ӵʱ򣬲δѧǣ±㱻ϤսС

Ժأѧգ㲻ѧˡˣ׿ֻܵȵ
ģǻġ˵Ҳȫ׿

ѾǰԺ·ЩҲԤοҲգǷӿݣԼҲܸһѧĻġ

ֶµķչЩ档Ȥֻһʲ֪ʲôʱܵλԱߣߥ޵֣ȥ£

ÿҲô飬ֵʱ˾ôԺõŵİ
ٴԼ⣬ٴεò𰸡

ڿЩǵֲеĺ棺֣ѧᣬҸȥ

˵Ťͷ׼͵͵ȥ
ûλ뿪ǰӭһ

֧ʺŵסĸûǰ

ֿǰǽرʸˣֿϣ·޹صѹһȥ𣿡
ȻʻЩԼ޹ص¸ȤֻѾȷԼ̬ˣǲһ䣬㲻Ҫˡ
û뵽ô꣬㽫ëʹҺã鼮ҪһŹȥɽſ˼

Լˡ
İĻȻӰĴ

ֿԼߣԼʹ岽֮ңĬĬ뵽



ѧѧȻûгȤ

һ϶ʮˣѾʮʣµȺѧҲ飬Ѿˡ

׿һϮ£ӶϴЩף߽ǴЩĥģһ㣬Ƶһ䡰ʵڲʡͷչ֮£ķ䲶׽˿׷

ֻиİҲûʲôһǶ֮СִƬ̣Ǿ߲ѧ϶˹űˡ

Ȼ֪Լ˲ѧӣ֪ںĿģѵ⣬ĬһԿţǻȥ

ǿʯ֮£˷Ϊɡ

׿һվߡվĶ棬һѧӡ
û⣬ʱҲʮѧеһԱ

ֵʱ򣬹׿Ѿ˵ϻˣǰһű׿ġ

ΧѧǵУ˽⵽׿ͨԺҲǰУؿ˸
˿ǰо˹Ҳ׾٣԰Ժкô
ȥ룬ӶûоܾıҪ

ѧѾʼ۵׿ͻȻѧѧβϣѧֻס֮ʱȴ黹׿ѧӣԺѧѹذɡ

⻰վĶ˲δأȴҲӹȹӸһЩȴΪԺɽʱƽ

΢΢ٹԼһ·ĥѣӸһᡣ

֪ˣ̹ѧϻض֮ʱλʥյ̽ĵӡ

ԺµѧӶʹˣѵһ׿Ȼ಻ף֮Уʵ㲻ʲôѵһ֮ˡ

ˣҲޱҪΪԺĹء

ԺˣѧӻǳɫδɽɡƵݴЩ飬ԸԴǹǺȰٴεݹȥ˫ֱ̬ȡ

׿վԭزѽ·ϵһϤ֪ظһ鲻ͽ͡°ڱķ˿ϼְɫڼͷصȴ˵Ķ

ʱ಻֪ȥǲò뿪ֻӣѧУΪԼֻԸڰѧտȡһ»ڰա

ԭֻǱո֣׿֮Щݡ
ŲȴҪԺ꣬Ǽ׷չյЩۡ

׿ǰǰ׷ԲԵķʮԭѾʶͬһ·𿴲ͷСͨɽš

һǰһƺλ˵ĽˣҪǰ;ˡ

Ҳһ֮ģҲǶһг־ж𾴣ȺпһֵѧӳԺԸһѧĻɣ

ûϵѧӳΪ׿˵˫ɣġ·𿴱˼µվѧӣǵѧӵ֣ȴ˵ѯʡ

ΪΣ

ѧᣬѧڡԺѧѹ²ѧ֮ͯΪ֮Ѱˣϧɢѧⷬƶȶ޷Ժ飬ǴԺͬѧʩʲ£֮ᣬˡѧܹͬ

һǷͬߵԴǣԸΪ˶Եʵѵá
ͷվŵһѧӣΪΣ

ֿһʱ֪ҪȥʩԮˡϲЩ֮ˣΣּѱ̬
վߣѧΪѧ

Щأʿ˵ءױû˻ԼأҲΪѧչʲôص¶׿ΪС±Ժ֮⡣ֶһѧΪ

ڳʮѧӣˣȻҲΪزơѧӡ

ű֮һ
߳վڹӵһ࣬ⷽγɷ֮ͥƣѧΪԹأܳɷԲѧӿպѧӴѧգָΣ

ŹϵĻǳִ̬ȣǣ񲻿ɷϡ

Ժ治ơ



֮УÿһλѧԼѡ񣬱Լ̬ȡ

ʮλѧӴʱֱվڹ࣬յɽ֮ʱ׿Ķвͬ

׿ûϵԼ˵һȺ΢΢Աл⡣

ĳ湨ѵһյѧÿÿѧ֮󣬱飬һֻйҲھദ֮ʵ㾰

Ҳ׿ѧһ¡
˫ѧ뵽

ˣѧѧλᡣ˰Լĺ룬պΣȱڶñ۴£ʤ߾ѧӵȥ



ֻΪӻֱû뵽Ȼ㡭⣿
ҡȷʵҪĿΡ

ʵѧΰã

ӵ˦߽Ժ
Ⱦǡ

Ծ׿ƽ˶˼׽ѧӣҴȥᡣöẈ̂˯

׿һʱ֮䲻̫ϰľٴ룬΢΢һл̨

Ҳȥ䣬ߵɢƺΪ̫⡣ͷ꣬ʵ֣ô

γ˫ƺմȾ˼ְ˵ϲá

˭㶼æ
ͬһ㡣

ֻǡ
ЩˣЩ






37.  ѧ׷   ˮ⣬ֻ

쿴ƻ, ʵʱ䲢ԣοƽﻹҪϿΡ

Щÿ춼ܣֹż, ҪҵһЩܰ׿ķӡ

˵Ǳ, ˮƽ, ˵仰Ҫˡԭæ, Ǻ߲֪ôˣƺĪʮÿտо¶̫, ̸ˡ

ҲֻĬĬ̾ҲȫΪԼԭ, ׿Ҳڳϵһ
ֻ⼸ѧϹĥ

ȻԴտ, ͬǻʵԺ, 仹иѧŵ׿, Щżġ˴һ𣬾Ҳ˲ٷӡ

һչȥŵ˵ıˡ

˵ǲܵģùűʷ, ʱΪյĶ׼

Ӳ̫󣬵Ǽˡ

ȻԸ㲦֣Ҳδṩʲôǲÿǵ, ʱҲ, һԲԡ
ȥǶˣ㻹ʣ׿ѧӡֱΪס

λѧƽﻰ̫֮࣬ǰǵնֻˡȴ˼ѡ׿Ԯ, ȷʵֶǹĿ࿴ദǷЩͬǸŵ㣬ֵཻ

һѧֹ磬ѧ֮ҲֳɡȥһһѧŴµ֮ͬ⣬˶Ǹи뷨иӪϿʱȻʮֽӲ֮䶼ԸԷԼߵԴǱһ̽ȥ
ûϵǣԶȻδεķ飬һѧˡ

ⷽ٣Ȼܵżѧáʳ֮ûٱײϾзӹţЩ˵Ҳ̫֡ѹʹǸ̶ʱҲ˼ֿꡣ

Χڰԣɫ̬࣬棬·ձһҪδǰ̵Ŀƾԡ

Ҳδ˵ȻӰǵĽ׿Եȷ쳣Ҫ

׿ԭѱ֮⣬֮ţЩѧ۵ʮָм±վ˹ֵлĳţȴƽλΣĳؽġ

ѧӹǫˡְڰ֣£λͬһۣҪҪλƲһԷ뷨ıԡν֪֪ˣս֪λкθ߼

ǡԺǷҪΪ׿ѧıۣȻʽЩͬ˵ҲһˡȻǱۣȻҪַΣ²ǽЩ룬ǰӦԲԣ׼֡

һ¶û˵ʲôּ⸱ģԼȿھ˸ӡ
ǶȻҪӹ⡣Ħֵ뷨˵ԹأܳɷԲҪ׿ѧȻò⻰

ֵǰԣҲƿ֪ô￿ײ٣ߣԷ˽Ҳж˽ϡԷԺȣһ¡

ྐྵҲṩ˲˼·ֽ֮ܣʼоۣܲȡЩԲ߻ﷴ

¶أɫ䴰⣬ڵѧԾ𲻼⣬дͷ

߾ȫΪ˸׿һΪ˴ͬĻᡣ



»ң˲ʶѾҹˣջΣǻԼᡣ

Ҳ۵úܣڣܻȥ

ȥʵ֮ǰϵҹȻҪãǰȥԡһˣ׼صԼĴϣʰһ˯

ƻ˭֪ո֣㱻һץС

ҪҺõʶ֪ɵġ˳ſȥϣһûбݡ촽۽˫б治ֱֱ

⼸͸յԺһжʱ׿֮£æûڵأҲδ˯á
οȻԺ𴲣һȥʳһȥѧãȴʱʱôҲ֪Ҫʱ

ûʶЩͬ˼ȥҲֻΪ׿֮£Ҫ˵ҲԾûйȻͷ

̫࣬ø̸̸Ҳûҵʱɴŵȵ³䶨˵

Ȼסһ˿̲꣬סüͷһҪ¶˵
عͷʵĻѾߣȴǰ˵ѹ

ѹ
סϸ˿˫ۡ

˫ƽ˵д˿̾˺ɫѪ˿Щ㲡

ͷŻ·𱻽һưˮֲɵ磬ô˭㲻𣿡
ôʣ֪𰸣ֻѰͷ򿪻⡣

ȴشֻ˫еŨɫЩľȴֿ

΢΢һǽڣ޿ˡ
Ҫǽϣȴסʱǽվţͬڴ˴һ㣬ö

ͻȻñƵĿռЩץָԾĲȥ·ǣס˵˿ߣżй¶˲ƽ˼

磬ôˣַŻ˺ĽǶȣؿ򢣬ľ΢΢ĺᣬɫסš

¶ȶߣִæ˫ۣƮ죬ҪΪĽ֮ѡ
ɿ֣ҪӲƹȥ

ʲô
ƵڶϢ·ŶʣŶ󾱣ǵǴļЩ飬ԭز֪Ǻá

ûѡֻùֱ˫ۣȴһĪĲ²ٿУ磬㡭ں𣿡
÷·ֻǴ΢

Ӵ϶͸ķֹסгء
ΧֵٿذӡխĿռֻʣ±˴˵ĺڶϣƽȣЩҡ

Ϥ龰·ֻص˳Ժա
Ǹ谵ĺҹǶľ

ҹԼǰֻһϮѩ׵£ϸĲ֮УشȴһŻҫУƹ̣

ֻʲô·Ҫ֮ŵǿҡʧأһжɫֱֻһˡ

ʣں
ǵģں¡

ԼõĲǶһ޶
ĶͲǶ

гһȡ֮

ĵ̫̫ࡣ

ͷɢµķ˿䵽ǰ˵ļϡ

룬ĵġ
ʧȥ

Ϥ𣬴һҵļž᲻ŲĿ⣬ȴע⵽һֻ֪ʱӵķɶꡣ

Сĳ򣬴΢ĶССŴͷȼȥ

޷ˡ
ɡ

ǵ߻ι˫ۣӡԼ䡣

ǵġ
ǻ

ȼյġ̵ġҵĻ档
޷˼޷ԥ޷
ֻܷܲ

Ļ£Ƿɶеž죬Ǽԡر㡣
ˮ⣬ֻӳ

ֻ

Ų֪ġٴεգٳɣֽŻ뻳С

ӯġ

˭Ů롣

ҲաҲա

һ˵Ļ
һ˵Ĺ⡣





38.  ѧ׷   к£Īǰ̡

Ժ, á

ʮλѧȻС

ǵα࣬ǰް

һλϷ

ֱϳλİķӱѧʱ, Ժʯżλû뵽빨һͬ˴Ǳۡ
̸ģ, ʮ, ʶˡ

ֱ߻һ, ſλʿþɽ֮, ѵñɽһ

ⷽһˣǱ߱ʮ, ǾԶ, ʧ, ֻҲǰս

ѵ, ӷв豭ʾԿʼˡ

ŵһվһ飬·ǿæһ㡣λ, 㿪ڵλڴˣΪ׿ʥԣ֪Ҳ֮, ֪Ȼ׿նʫʮ, ոŹȴ֪ѧպԺѧ񣬴Ϊڡ, ѧѧΪԺ׿ѧ

ѧ񼴰ʦ񡣡ؾʦԺ֮Уӱ辴֮ˡν߸ĸʦʦЩԺѧǱؾ֮£֮١

׿£ȷƣһ
ǶԴԤϡ

˫´һĨɫȻһҹû˯á⼸׿ͬסֶദ֮ˣȻ׽ŽⳡغԼ˵սҲʮģҹ˻طڵƿ޸Ĵǣ׿

ľΰվͬλ񣬼̶šЩͣƽﲻãʱվһֲŷ˾ߡ

ѧӴԲӡҵԺѧΪΣʳʣشԼΪʦصΪп֮ԡ

˶٣ߵ׿λߣϷԻʴģġ߰ˣ߾ˡѧ䲢δѧ񣬵ȴʥ֮ԣԸΪһӶפѧ֮УβǡʦصȴʣȰˣˡѧʰʦιߣѧͯ±Ժѧ񡣡

΢̧Ҫ粵׵ѧ֮ѧֻڣȴʥ֮ԣֵΣаʦ񣬽֮ԹߣȴδСǿЦ

⻰˵̧񡱣˵׿ƣѧʱʡ˵δȴʰ֮Щѭƣȴĵѧӳʵöࡣǰ߼Դ˾ֻҪϡʡñӡ

ɫڣȻûϵʻ˵ѧԹűʮҪʦصӡÿһλѧļ䡣ȴָǡ񡱣׿·Ͼȸӵ˵һ֡ѧ񡱣ǿʶ˷Ц
ֻǡ޴ӱ粵

УߵվҪšĲ·ЩҡΡվߺʵĻת˻ʥƣ˶ţ֪ҲѧʱǷ֮ʱԼģ׿Ϊ¶ǲáŲ׿ʧԼȣԺܽѧӣ

Բ٣֮ȴѧʱգעǴգ귽ǰѧ϶˵ã֪ԷšȦס

ѧֻ֪šȴ֪塯塯֮ˡѧ·ƽͯ٣Ϊӡѧһ֮˽ΪѧͯڲˣΪ壬СĪѧӸԸС֮٣ԸһĻľӣ

ֿӣԼ⼸׼Ĺһ˵ӼƶˣСȴΨ²ңĻ⡣Ӻó֮ѧӴ˷ѣѧ֮ĿɼһߡѧΪо֮٣ֻС֮У

۾ƫԲЦ⣬ֱֱ࣬ú߾ƺסһʱ˵ϻ

¶ɫ
ӳ֮⻰˵·ֹ׿ѧСһ㡣

Ͼ˲Ϣ䣬Լһɵ˱˵ƿԣ˫ۣ˶ŵļˡû뵽Щ˻ܱϼ䣬ֻ˵˵ǲˡóЩ汾

һѧӲȻ׿˲ƣţҰԺѧǿտڰ

ȴһߴڳ˵ԴǼ鲻ͬƽ͸Į·޹һ㡣

׷С¡Ϊʡ塢񡯣ϷһǡΪĶˡӲһšΪ峣ˡšɫ˵ҲЩһ㼱ȡһ˵ţһվߡ

δ⼸յֲۣܰæʲôϣҹ
ζ֮һֱδ˵ϻʹಽ

ͻȻĳЩȣԼڶ˶Էϣջء

Ȼ֪յͻأֻ֣Ƿ˵ںԡУʮֲɨһۣ峣֮УʡΪλ塯֮ѧС塯λȴֻСšɣȲԸѧѧҪΪš塯

һñӿųԵѧҲٳǿǿƾ٣徭֮ԱţΪȺҧ׿гڡ塱ȷʵ޷ͷ¡

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Լߵ˶ãòС
ڼűȣǱŵǾһЩ

λʰ֮ģȻᡣκԺԺĹأѧѧյԺԺ棬귽ѧǽѧӵ˽жԺ棬տɻѧӵ˽жԺֽںεأԺͬ裿

˵Ưǿ϶׿֮٣ȴԺĹأԺ˷ָٻһ̸
֪ѧпԣԺˣǧ̣֮Ѩֻº

Ļһеʯͷ㱻¡
ˡ
ǳҹ˼ǵⷬ

ߵǰ̣ѧӣҵǰԺѧΪΪΣ

֪Ǻ«ʲôҩüͷԺĵһÿΣ˼Ƭ̲ŴȻΪ˱ʥ֮飬ΪٺΪΪ񡣡

ǰӹȻˣԺΪζ

ȻΪԼҵȡԽȺ˵ĿģÿһشҪ˼ǲŸ˵

ǣ䣬ֱ̾û뵽ѧӾҵ˼һޡѧԣԺЩرΪ˴ʹҵȳΪ֮вػգɶԣ

нʻĬߣŵͷ

ͬѸټˣѧǰδܵԺԼԽԮ²ΪΣȿѣǸν

⡭˵ЩΣô⣬׿ҵ¾Ԯ²ȿѣ
ŷѧӾλͯ٣ֻǡ

⻰δ˵꣬ע⵽ֿдšͯ㲻𡱣

仰ʳֻиı粵֮
±ͲӦڡͯǡ

У˳ǵĻ˵
밴Լ뷨
Ǿ֮ԣֻǵĵ·硣

֪ûеĻ˻ȥ

죬ԼĺٶȿڣַǾʻͷѧԣԺǻԺ棬ȥطѧΪҰԺѧܹΪԺ

ҡͷͬĿѧӴʧƫġƣ֮ƣ֮ҲԾӶ֮Թɡʧ棬ȴһءֻΪб㽫µĶ񶼹һϡ

ԺΪѧӾ˵ƾٶ֮⣬ԺֻΪҰԺǼʼ֮ͽʲôᱻϡ֮Ȼѧӵѧбؽѧ֮ΪҰԺĶ

ڡ׿ѧԺס֮磬˳Ļ˵ȥѧԣѧѧˣзΪԺԭ£ǽƿˣĪҲҪԺΪ俪ţΪУˣƶȺڣҶԺеѧӣ볯Ϊ٣˲أ˵оȥչпã

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о̾һû뵽ѧô죬֪ñˡ

ѧӴԲӡԺԺƾǿƾ٣ܻΪһ̸ԺԺƳɣҵѧԺ£Ǳڽѧѧѧ಻ѧӡƾٿزȻǳٶ볡鷳ν֮¡

˵֮ʱֳϷλʾ⣬֪ԺƾٲͬѧӣȡοᲢۣȻΥȻ顣ѧԣԺΪ

ҧָӣǽڶЩס
ԺϾǹ⻰û

ץסĬļ϶˻δ粵λ̸šʷɴ˼֣е塣ԣҵѧǰԺѧΪģɾӣϵաλѧѧ᱾ĩ

һϯˣһƬĬ

ɫ

׿ѧ˵ʲôӰ죬Զһְˡܲѧһ˽ܷӽ̵ȻãΣȴʵǳϡ

ⷬ۱磬ûܳɹֹ׿ѧ˸ʲ塱ͷǴȥҲ֪ѧӻ¡

ȭ׼پԺ˵ϼ䣬ȴʼŵ׿

зԺѧӣ׿û쵽ַֻܴԼϴ÷׵ѡվоһ㣬κĥѶ޷ʹ֮

λҾ˵Ϊĳһãĳ֮ҡĳһѧ÷ӴҵκοĶࡣֻѧ٣Ȼ֮٣ĳ޻⡣

뻸˸ЩԼĻзڹأΪ֮ΪΣĳ޹ء̸ֻۣΪ˽ʵڿЦԺ̳ѧӽһ㣬ʲ壬αӣĳ಻Ըͬ

ٴ죬Դһ䣬羪İһһ䣬

˵꣬ٶּ˵л׼ʰɽȥ

űߣȴ󷽴һβɢýϣ˲£

䣬ӱڵѧ

׿פ㣬ͷһۡ
Ȼ˵üⷨҲҹ˵

֣ǹδǱΪ

Ƿۣ֮飬롣߻һиж

ǷӼˣϵľƺͷһڣߡ
·֮ʱƫͷһۣҲ֪ǷϳԺǰйһ֮ԵδͣŹ뿪ˡ

˶᣺ѧӴпԭԺ棬ӦСʹ롣þͽѧӴɨա
ݴ飬׿һۣӦ߳Ÿǰͷλȥˡ

ݵļžʵһ˷֣ͬѧˣ

׿һ˲Ҳϲͷһ˵ǰͬˣ

һգʱЩЦ⣬ϰԵؿҪһϲã뵽ҹɫ죬æŲͷٿתǴ

ϲʤֳһţһߵĻ˸ˮɫѿ

֪ԼûܱӮԷз꣬ٿЩ˰۵ϲݺ˦˦ӣȹǻƵȴӵȸԾС
һҲһͬˣ˳ȥ






39.  ѧ׷   ֻҡ


׿˳ѧ, ʸ˵úܣȥʳţҪԵõİԼ

Ȼµȷֵף, ⼸նæýͷö, ۲˵, Ҳ̫, ˷ܾ˾͸еƣˣֻȥЪš

հɡҵûȥֵһܾ⼸յĸǿҵЩס, ·һҪ鶼˸顣Щͬ߶лѧʶġǱ˱ǧ, ʱ徭˵, ϱ۳Щʱҳ, ӷĵٵ, ʵǻ̫ྫ

糱ˮƣӿڰڳ˵ǰν˵, ˵Ҳֵ̫ۣջΣɡռ

ðɡʼǶԸԼһͬףһʱ֮ϲ֮Ҳ˲, ۾Щʧ

ּ⸱ģ, С۾Ҫˣ̲סЦЦɢЩƣ⣺Ǹʲôֲ, ʱףɣ
к׿䣬ű뿪ˡϾ׿ͬסһݣ˻չ˲ǣǹܺԼɡ



ֵᣬ֮ʣͷ΢΢ת˼֣͵͵ˣö˵
ϽԴװԼδعͷ

ûô

ҹͻȻסԼ˵¸ݸƺǹȶȻǵɫ졣

ʱԭأ˰Žƿܻش֮Ϲñӡ

²ӿ֣ȴһ񶨡
ֵһҹշת࣬û˯ãջΪҲҹ飬Ϊж޴ӱ⣬ֻĬˡ

׿ڽҲձϡʥ֮͡˵Ĵԡ
ǿʹùԴȻܱѸٷſյģֻԴǵúܣ˼ңʲôҲ޴塣
±Ҳױ׵ġ

֮ϣʹ˼ΪͬѰ̬ȣҲΪͻľٴ롣
⵽ôһ°

Ҫɿϵʱһˮǰ
ġ

Ķ棬ˮָԼһдŹУ˵һĻˡ

ôһ˵ֲʶԼɵ÷ʹ˵
뻸磬δϲˮԴǼңѿڸֻЩʾ㱻ǹͷ״̬ѹ£ֱڻ˸о

Ƭ̣ŵ豭ƣҪҪԼµһˮǰⱭ
ƺЩ⡣

ǰȻҹ΢˫ͷһָҲɵ˱ڡ

һˮ𣬺ô

·Ҫ϶ͷ̨һ㣬ⱭˮһмδӴ߻䣬ǰ½֮ϣɫմʪɫرЩ

ˮӳȴһˮ͸ⱻȾһ

֣ǰָǰ˵ǣһˮȥ

ձʴűָ봽ߵϸ弡һ꿿ŶϢٴνԼ
ֻ÷·𱻴̵һ㣬ӱؽæŲ

ǰͲأôһƣֱֱײ
£ϵĲ豭ˮ֮ײˮһء

·ʹ

ҲûϵԼ鼱֮¾Ȼ˴
Ҳ̫ο˰ɣ

ӣԼҲЩĻšͲƽĴʱǽһֱͷŸıײˣ룬Ͻߡ

磬Ҳġ۲ۣæң̧ۻܣҲ˿˵ҩģ֪˵ǸʲôǲײˡҪһΣֱֲӽˣֻȷһ

ֻδˣ㱻𱾾ʹڸֽסٶһ硣

⶯ַӦϵĵ֮ɫδȥȴƭң
˵žҪֳ

ֻ˵ĥ÷죬û뿪ݽ

˿Լɫ̲סذֻ۰֬ƣȴ֮зɫۡ
˫ֽ֮Ƭۣżֵǵıҵ

ӽһײ˳֮ϣһ˵ģ΢ӡȴǰԣԱ߳һ֣΢΢

ֻƺİ֮½ͣôСɫϣ̧ͷűƭŭ֣ôҡ
󣬲ʣЩίʱ䵭Ȼͬ

ֻаϸСˢĥֲ֪ȥ˴룬һʱ֮侹òԼʵڲ
Ĵʱ֣ʶԼѾ˴ƫ˼Ϊ˿Ƿ˲Ź

ܺö˶˵غԼ£Ҳ񱻿˵ģվӲȻûµĻҾȥЪϢˡ

̬ʻ֪롣
ôԽѹ죬Ԥϵȫһˡ

ֻû߳һʹһ

¡

ŤͷȻڵϵ꣬䣬ע˫ۣ촽ϣƺ˵ʲô

㶺һ˵ۡ



ΪƽʮǿӲη塢δһ۵ͻȻô˵ˣֻóе𡰼ӺˡΣ˷˴Ъţȸȥʳ͵͵˷ݷ

ʳмߵ룬ҺûԼҩ

Ȼ
ȵȣôô࣡
˱ҲװİɣôҪҩ

һ·ѧӡԼʳʳﱻ֡ȥʳæϴƿţġ˻һˣ԰ɡ

һͷһ㶯û߽ڼ׼ȥôˣܲʹԼȴ˯˰ɣ

̤䣬öϰ뿿ڴ֮ϵĿ⡣ƿǸֵ׼ȥ÷һɫۼǸղűײϵλãղҩӨĸϣĵΧƤӰ𪡣

ֶסһĻŪýѣ۾֪Ķʼڲԣ
յɻĿ⣬ס񣬲ˣžУǺñӣҰѷýι㡣

˰
ԣǲǹģ

ֱּҪķ֮ٸᣬֻܳ̾һؽʳý䡣
ҺΪ˷㣬ֻʳӱ࣬Ūﶼζ

ȷǹˣǰܱƶĵжʲôĿûԹôС·ƽգС

ֻǡ
ֻŻԼŻֻԼһˡ

ҩĨãû£ΪԼ⡰˺ֿܱۡ
ĽƺЩͷ

ֲĶнӹףԼ
űƬȻΣȴġ

¿еֵ࣬㣬е֮ڿڡ

Ҫˡ

һһ˵ȷǰ壺ֻҡ

ܾ
Ҫˡ

޷ڲȥ
ЩƲסУҲ޷ļ䡣






40.  ѧ׷   һۣǳݡ

̫, ֲɵס˺

ֻ
ʲô˼

·©һġķβƽ΢΢̣ÿһԵʱ˫д⡣
Ŀע, ֱּҪ׵, ޷˼, ֻҲǡһֱֻ𣿡

Ӹյ翪ʼ, һۣľ
Ĳ˽Ǳնҽ֮ʱ֪, Լδ˽˽޷ֿ

ʼ, , ļռ̫һˡ

˵ദ, ѵı˽⡣
һİ, ᵣ˱ͼǷ⡣
֮ʱ֪˵δ֪顢Ʒ, һжˣ޿֮޺֮ǵĸԸ֮, еذ

ʱΪ˸ıȶδٵ֮, ˸ԺѧΪʲôأ

ǰ̬ȣ˵ˣҲܺ
δȻ˳졣

Ȼ, ΪʲôԸֿ

һǰԺ˵Ĺ켣Ͼˡʿ״ԪӹٽȨ㳯Ұ֮ϵ׸ⲻ͹
߸һЩ⿤ʱֻžط꣬Ҫ׷ȥ

ҪܷԶĹƣҪνˡ
Щ飬ûҲһܽ

ڽϣﲻܽԼڣʳǣǶĺӡôȥΪʲôأ

ûǹô࣬˵롣

ԼΪʲôҪ
оΪʲô
ȥ룬ǰ꣬Ǻָ顣

ֻҪѣͬ
ʱƣһжڱʣԼ壬ֻܱǰ
ֱռԼÿһ졢ÿһ̡

һߵõ˴𰸵ͬס

Ҳǡһֱֻ

˵һֱֻԼһˡ
ûбˡ

δ˼ϲñؿӿΪֱ׶ּ򵥵ԡ

ɵ仰ӡС
뵽⿤λӼС㡣
һԺ¡
Ϥÿʡ
ټϽն¶м׿

ôˣÿǰã˿ͬ·ԼЩеһֻǸˣ˳ַ۲ۡ

Ҳ˳Ϊ֮
飬ΪҲһѡʱΪ˸Լ֧ëʣ˫ֶĥͨԸôҪá

ĺãΪʲôֻԼأ
ʶһͬ顢ϰ֣˲֪׽١ΪʲôֻںԼأ

ЩĪˣΣǺθɣ

ʧԣĴ𰸡ǰ˫֮ͫӳľ󣬷ૣ̫ˡ

ԽԽռģۡԼȴ·ƶ֮̽ͷҲݣضҰֱҲڲסʱ򣬲ǰ

ʶָʲô

δĸ飬ҲӰش仰磬ֻ㡣ҲҪˡ
̫ƧǹϵٺãЩԺѧҲǵֵ֮ͬͬϧοʣ׿ֵཻˡ

Լϣ˶һ¡뷨ҪںΣҲϣܹһЩػ¡
ǽһˡ

⻰ȴΪھܾԼ
ŨĽë˲΢΢סзӿŵİ˵Īͬȴô

סãָһΣԭʱΪؽҪ⿤ò
ʱʶˣԼλȡ˵Ļֲ

˵
Ҳڵʱ䣬㲻ܺͱһ飡

ȴȴʼռǵá

΢΢˫ۣϷ·иϸϸұɬ˳ңͷӿϱǼ⡣
ʲôǵãֻһᣬǹϡ

ҡ𶯣ȴЩʣ˵𱸵ĻֻཻЩѡ

˵زҲ˳һЩ˼еùڴͷ̸̸ļơ

磬ǸԺ˵ҪˡԴǿУֿǣǼȻȻҪѧҪˣܲأ

֪ȥ٣ʡ׿סǶǵͬǸгУʦ磬Ҳ㲻Ըǵѣһԡ

˵Եģֻ˵׿£ΪҰϲ𣿡Ȼ˵壬ҪٸʵŪ˽˵뷨

ǰʻǲ𣬵Ͳסϵѯʣֻõ˵ͷ

ˣסڴ֣б¶ȶɢ

磬Ұ׿Ϊ׿ΪҲϣ£ƾ٣ȴҪõȵĳͷĵȶżУģ˭£ҶΪĲƽ֮£ұҪΪ֮
һˣҵʹ
ǻ㣬ҵ磬ۺʱۺ£ҶԸΪվΪɨƽ谭

Ļ̹ʶֱӣԼһ뷨˵ŵҪλá

޷סĬ飬˵ҪˡʱƲסؿҪ̽еʵҪ͸ۣġ

˵ͬ
ֻֻرǸ

ֻýյԼ·֮أƶһ㣬ٿ׹أе˼ⶼǰ˵ƺп˿ߣ͸Լ֫ٺǣݷϲŭ֡
ֻһֻһЩ·֮籡ʧصָⶼ̲ס۵Ǿݵķǡ

ǰݺݱ˫ۣ֮ǰЩͷĵס
ʱƽסֵ֣ȥҪԼգȴ֮ʱͣ

ɨ򦣬סݼ䣬ջءһ˿ûз
֡

ǰŵϣȵϢڰϸֱ֮ϣһƬɫ绨ڰ״ɣ·֭Һ֮Ľޡ

磿ֱŪӲ֪òýֳ
ҲȥԷġ

ǰףԼ޲գ̲סָԼ˵ôһλĿģĿİͰʵ磬𲻸ˣЩ˶˵һ㶼ҪǻǺǰһã𣿡

̧ɨһۣüĿŨأˡʱȴһһ֮

˵á






41.  ѧ׷   ĿҲԡ

Ϊɹذ֮, ʰʰ˯
ڲҪԼϴϣɵȥʳİҹ뻹, ˸ȥѧá

׿Ѿλ֮, ǰȻǸѧ, ȻҲ, ˵ڶţֵĺߡ

ּǻЩģӻֳǴк, ȴע⵽Ե꣬뻹ǰ˻ȥ

һ, ʺ, ˵ҪȥЪϢ, ܸøһֽӷϴ˰ɣ
ǴӶ۱, ܾʵԼֵһҹһֱ˵

ԵЩΪѣ˵Ҫ, ˶⡣ҳԷҲʲôһĴ£һᣬǻؾʡ
մ׼ڣԵӦá

G
ؿһ, ôתԡ

ȴ, ·Ǹǿռһ㡣

Ȼûб䣬Ѿ̬ȣԸš
οֻǴӦһͬţЩӻõ
ֿ, Ҳδɡ

˼Ӷ·һƬҶ֮ˣȴͶȻٳ֣ġġġﱧؼҡ

㣬ֶʵ룬ϲã׽һЩ



ɹΪϿΡ

ƢĿǰļλ֮õˣϾͰЩʮҵѧܻһִȰ֮顣
볯Ϊٵӣ׿֮Ҳûô򵥡

ϻ˵ϰߣЩҪ˵жٻ˼ҲûСֻʱڷӽ֮ʱֵ֣òȫעÿÿζ漫ˡ
֮оȻѧϰشʱҲҪʾˡ

Իûжٻ˼ۣ¿κ󱻹֮󣬾١

˰տΣͶòУڵһȥԷء
Щżߵߣ׼ʷ£ӵʻ֣տǽʳʳ᣿

ȫû뵽£ѾС˰ôᱻ֪
ԺܱСˣ˻ɶ󡪡ƾǼ˵ѧӡ

¼ȻӶˣѣοԼʳϴҲûʲôµģϵˡաʳҲԡ

ҽʳʳġһֱһԣӵʻ֮ӹֵĻˣʲô𷣣һ˳е
ձҲװˣֲŻΥԺʳʳȻӦһе

ֲԸΪԼеʧԹ˵ǣΥԺ档

ӼǶ˻ϴҲֱܹͬסһᣬʳ֮˶Ѳ˸ϵǵˣ֮ձȥҽЭҩġ

Ҫȥʳæϴ
ôȥҽݰæ

һͷˮԺȷʵδȷ˵Υ֮ĳͷֻѧʳֶǱȥʳΪԼҲᱻ˳ͽ䡣

Ӷ˷ԸˣȻֻܳϿҽܡ
ͷôûʱޣ׿ŴɨӶֻһءѯʹӣѧҽ򵽺ʱ

Լĺӣʱ˵ˣǺʱ㲻ȥˡ



ڹֻԸȥҽݣʳٷӰ졣

ǽĿΣֱʳ

˼գҲѹסſھͱһõġ

룬Ǻһ䣺ʣûлưǲ
Ҳ֪ע⵽ûԹ˵˰졣

۵ˣڹʳ֮еʱ仰ۣϵѧӶɫֵؿ沢¥ǰĻӭ
ɵˣԺʳѰ¥ͬǸεˣ

ע⵽¨ֽʣֽ֮óͷһС⡣
Ҫдøɣ˵бֽ

ˣ׿Щ֮ɫûϵԺȻ˲ͬѰ

ߵľ¥֮Уǻƽ͹ٵĲУתáó֪ͬʱŶ˴ֶԸҳ֮䣬һԶǲʶֵġ
ԺȴҪдֽϣҲ˵ﶼʶ֡Ի

ûô࣬ʳⷨӻͦġīǶһƣʾԼĲϣȻٵݸ

ʵĹݸдòãձӶ֣ǻᶼдŴ֣ٽӹĿʶЩֶʳ˼֡
׿߿ˣëʽӹ˵вд˿

һ忡ֲּɵó޳֣ǹ

ֹ׿ֽԸɺ㱻һͬȥˡ

ֿʼˣЩ״Ʋѹס˵䣬ֹ˶ԷҪŽֽʹԭλĶ

ָе̧΢΢ͷѯʣ֪ôˡ
ű͵üŵڶ𣺡Ҳǵá

̫ˡ䱻ǣסͳ鲻ѹ뱻촽ҪԼĶϣ⡣

ŵŽյĿҵʮרעδע⵽ǵĶ

֪˵׿ʱ֮ģæСҴС֪ģ㿴鶼ܼǵá

ǱĿˣЦԺ䴫һ

֣˵ʲôĻأдõĲͿԴһ𣬲֪Щʲôôô죿

ֳûԼ䳶ŬװʲôҲûӣɫûʲô˵Ǳȥҽݵ¡

Ȼ̱仰͸¶Ϣע׷ԾɫΪΣ
׿ЩǣĪΪ֮£

սʳʳᣬ񱻱Ƽˣ֪˹⼸ҲСһЩʳŰɡһǿƵĶżվŵ˵һΣ㣬ɱˡ
²£ԺӲϵġæϴѧӾ֪ʳǲ˶Ĵܱܰɡ

ȥҽݣʺ

ǲֻ֪˵ҲǷԺѧ̫࣬ʳѾˣǶֻܱȥҽ˰ɡ
ձϾΪ˸׿ףѧҲԸһֱΪԼ»˼ЩҽݶҩģʳȾһζɺöأ

ͷгںǣֻͷ²ǷǵԼȥȡ
Ͼ˵ĻƶûУҲ˸Ƕ˲ֻԼˡ

׼Ƕȥͱ£ţȥ

ʼŷӦЩȣԺ﷢ʲôҲԶ˵˻

ֱλϣԼʲôæҲﲻϣΪǴͰ׷ǳ˷

չëʵĶˣʵĲж࣬ؼ˲ŽһѲ˶ꡣûʼԣ۵òС
ҲţĵǶˣӲ˶Եò࣬δ˷ѡ

ҲѵʳгԵô죬ƽûôȣռѾԱˣ̲סһЩȴֹϻʳˣ
ôһ˵ҲԼǻ¥˰뱧ųŵ£¿Ӳˡ

ȻˣۼʳȴܼԣЩܡ˶ڳţŤͷСԹ磬ԽԽˡ

Ϊ뱻ŵüᣬ䵽д˼ֽ֣Թ

ȾԼҲûʶᡣͷҲԹҡ






42.  ѧ׷   㲻᲻ϲҰɡ


, ùţ㰴Źӵİţǰҽݰæ

ҽԶ, ӽɽǶ, ƽﲻѰĻ, ûʲôѧӻ

ɥ, ֻһλŮԴ˱ԺͷңĸŮ, һĥҽɽҩģժƽûѧ, ҽ֮, ̫ˡ

λŮΪ, ʮ, ÿոѧϰҽʱæҲһ԰Щ

ŮԺʮ꣬һж, ҲûͨԼʲôϺ֮

һ󣬶˲żһСľݣҽˡ

Žգúܡǰߵţѧ, ùӷԸǰ, ʺڣ

洫Щ죬űһλСｫŴͷ򿪡
üĿ㣬Ȼһ£ĵòЩѵ, Ůδѣмֿɰ

ˣ΢΢Բ۾ʵҵ𣿡
ȻԺ飬ԺѧȴǼ٣ҽƲĶ졣ʱǰˣòףǼȻûӡҲ˼ֺ档

ּǸңС⵽ӵԺ֮вЩ׽ǰһ֣ǹæġҽнһ𣿡

վǰסֻ֣ģ˺ÿվˣϸϸ˵۾ڰ׷峺ɡ

̲סֶ࿴˼ۡһ㡢ŵǸѧӣǸϲǰˡ
ЦЦʦ֣ҵءҴǽȥ

лֳһҾǰĺ诡

ڣһдʲôֱǸֽвֵҩġʳָպЩĩŽУĿ˼һᣬż¼Լĸܡ

Ȼæ£ȻҳţֻվһԹ۲졣诼ǵãǲԸǸɵţǰ˺λʦ㡣

̧ͷע⵽ڶλİѧӡ
ǹѽδʶ֣ҲΪˣֱӷԸͷԺЩժҩģδֿȥЩҩãҲٷŽС

֪ҽݰæˣԷЩϾֻҩķ࣬ƺ̫ѡȻԲҩĵģֻ֣ҪѳƵķһˡ

ǰ¶ͷҩġ

ѾϰԼҵΪԾֶԺͷߡ

ƿһľţ㵽ҽݺԺ
ˡվűߣԶ˵

ӭ㿴ѵóɽֲԼԺǽĿյء

ںɽµҩ̫࣬Ʒָ죬
Ͼˣزժֻһ԰ҪġҩĶժ£һҩЩҪʵģ󲿷ֶܳ÷õġö֮ЩһҩıѳСɽ

⡭ҲкԺ
ȫ˵Ǻɽɣ
ֳĬΣòҵ˰οԼĽڣܹû޶ʱ䣬Ūġ
ͷˣֻǲ֪õҩķںδ

ָһеһ¨˵ּҩķ¨֮бɡ

֪˸ȥ˱㲻ٵ󹦷򣬿ʼ
ѡȼ˲Ρ
Ϊʲôѡ˲ΡΪҩһֻ֪ããҩϳرһ֡

ǲ˲εʱڡ
ںɽ˲٣ͷҩľȻԺӵõǡ

ֽ״ܲʮƣײȴ˲ζŽͬһ¨СҲûñ㽫֮Ūˡ
Ѱ¨ηڽУ˸¨ӣʼһҩġ

ҩȻϲģȴʮرɹɵɡʻɫƣ²֧࣬ϣĳֲĸ

Ȼ֪֣ҩֿﵽֵĿġû죬һڳһ¨׼¦õһߣȴһþߵס

ⲻһ֡
¨ҩóָһ顣ֵĺɫ˵ǵ顣
쵽ǰܿĸЩǶ

ҩĵȻǲûֲ״̬ǡüͷãҲûƳ̫

϶Բۣɫɫľ͹ƽβϴϸŤʻưɫеҩչʾͷЩ͹²֧ЩҶʻҰɫ

ǼΪƣҩȴȥԶҪϸһЩ𣬰ŵУϸơԼ¨ҩķֳ˸¨װá

磬ĿޣʲôʹҴֱҿͺá

⻰ͯ޼ɣ⻰Ҳܺ˵ô

ֳЦòãͷװ֪ģ

һֱ֣ۺ߾ʲôҩģ˵ҩĵر֮ԵŪ졣
һȥҲһС֡

ʦ֡ʦ֣ʱˣһøټɡ诲֪ʱ˺ԺЪᡣ

ִδӴЩҩģϻһȺΪҩĵԣҩĵͬһʱҲʮ棬ͶУʱԢֵĸоᱻôһʶȻˣһžʹЩֱ
˳ߵǰ

ϰŵ⡢ݫ񣬻иűʳ֮еķʳͬ嵭Ҳҳ

к£ǲӣڵʲôʱ˵ĥҩ㲻ԸˣѸ˷ȥλʦֲؾн

Ȼ˼Ҷô˵ˣֵл
ζӣζʳﶼԸⳢҲǳ齭ʳվʶ壬ʮֶθڣ̲ס˼ڣ

ҽ֮г𣬾ˡһӲȻǺģǱֻǺЩ棬ʵԺʳôͷ³

诶ʮȤ̸ֽʦ֣Ҿʳҩ𣬶Ѱáʵļһ𣬺βǰβƽѧѧҽʣ±ǰоЩʽˡ

û뵽Ůϲˣֱʲôر֮ΪƽԹЩûζԺԸҲôԺûʲôԵԺؼ˻õϵġ

ʮָԼĳձ϶ĲֻԼԣһҽ֮ϣÿֻŲ㹻ˣ˵˺òóԡţ˵һ佱ˡ

Ͷװ׾ʦЩøУ˵˼Լľ֮飺ʦ֣ǰĲˣ˿ձͷݷʳȥ
ǾЩ̫⣬诶һᣬһ䣺ʦϲĻұһȥ

û뵽Լһܻرæܾòá᲻ŵģֱԸҽݰæΪ£ɲٷˡ

ЩźҲ֪ԺԺ棬Ȱˡ

ϵһȴԵʮֳĬǶǵ̸һҲȤشǾǿĻֻϽȥԺɻ

е׷ּ꣬˼һֱŵĲˣĵȻͬ
ԺҩĻ࣬ǳԿЩ̫ɽǰ󲿷

⻰Ҳ£̸תרĳԷ
ţʰܲһʮСҪϴɡհ㱻ӹȥٺĻᡣ

գգۣ⻰ܾе֡
ֲˣ

̲סЦЦһԵĺ˵ȥϴ룬æԼȥɣչˡ

˵ʱЦδɢ紺һ㡣ǵ˵ͷŲʶԼȻóҽݵʦǰϴ롣
׷ȥּѾԶˣŻǻԼķС

ֿ첽׷ܹΧûˣֱʵ磬ǲǲϲﰡ

Ųǻ֮֡УҨưˮ

ּ̬ȣɵ뵽ʱҲ⸱ģ
뵽ЩװԼ֡
кȻһµͷ

һ㣬սԼĲ²ʳڣЩŮôô

磬㡭㲻᲻ϲҰɣ֯˰ԣѡ䣬˳

žͼǰ͵ػͷǼ⼸ҪŴյߵԼ

ѯʵľ˵ʲôã

β֪ڷڷԼ






43.  ѧ׷   ϲ


仰, ѿڶﵱȻ

϶ԼǰƲ⡣
˼Ժ֮ը

𲻻ϲкӰɣ
ͱȽϴˡԼôãΪΪӣ

ǰһ뵽ȷʵһŮӶٴɫ, Լһʼܺϵ, ҲΪΪԼ

죡
ԭֻҵ߶ûиߵĸԭ

һʱ֮ȫ޷סԼı, Ȼϡһϴ𲢲ȫµ뷨, Ϊ᲻Щң˾֮С

ȻѾ˾ģɲӱܡֻ˼֮, ˵֣Ҫ, 㣻Ҫϰ, ܽ㣻㰮Щʽ, Ůʲôأ

겻֪ʲôʱϴ, رһԡվǰ·ը

ֲ֪ԼӦĪıĳƺӦ⻰ʲô˼
͡ǡ

㡭ϲӣֵӳݼѷ

ʻЩͬǷΪ޹, ֻϲְˡͻȻ֪䣬ֻ»
Ӳǣ»ѭ򽥽
ƽЩ߻ƱˣЩĪŮӻԶЩ

ͷ, ǵֻкο, ¶֮ɫô

ҡҵȻᡣ͵ҡͷǡ

ٳ˵ĻҲֻ, ЩŮýˣǻЩʡ

Ѿˡ
һ˯ôãôһûУ
֤

˻ԹԵص֣ЩŮԶЩô

ֳ˵ͷһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ

𺳳صԺּͷվŵʱؽ¼Ĳ֮С

һԻ󣬲֪λʦֲȥϴ˸룬ôԼͷ·һ㡣

ɫ̫ԣֲܰ˵ò͵ͷˣ㻹ǻطЪŰɣͳɡ

诱ǵǷЩҩıϲ壬æʱô˵ظܵλʦǲ̫ϲԼһۣܾʲôԼ׵Ķ֮䡣
Դ룬ûóֻۣɱȿѶˡȻʦԼû⣬诶˵Ȼطˡʦ֣µĻҾС

Ŀͺ뿪һͷ׼ɻֱײ˵š

ŵĶͷǺʹҲ̲סԹ磬վʲô

괹չ´һƬӰԵٸ㲻ڻô

ȻûǱôֱӵصһЩЩ֡
ڽˡϲкӡ趨֮Ȼ˵Σ
ĲϲŮӣԼŮװôãʵû֮¡

ʱ룬ŻҪ£磬ľŮӲ𣿡

ô˵أԼŮӰһ˵һԼ£Ȼ֪£һʱҲòˡ
оԼõģѵԱ֮ϣ

ĵȻ֪һֽӣԼ⻰ΪǻϲЩ֪նǡ֣Ůк֮
˵׮׮֪Щ

ΪŮӵֳĬƬ̣ҾáŮĶԡɣ
ѵ˲ϲŮ

ǲеİ
ϲӣô죿

뵽ԼŮܻ֮ԼΪԼƭٴԼ־ЩԽܡ

ɫʶֶŮ̬ʮֲͬ࣬
ϲ֣ʲôҲܳΪ谭

䵭Ȱϲò

־İ;磬ѵŮӲ۸߰ݣиǿǡ

ֻϲŮӵգв֪ǼǣĻ֣տݹǣαִ
һʱ֮˵̫أַУοڻһǣȶŮ鳤ǿȡ֮롣

˹Ķд˵ĬĬйһ⻰˼
ȡڲܡ
ԼⱲӶ̸˵¶

üǰһۣԼһʱû뷨ŤתֻԹ⣺ˣǻǸϽҩİɡ



ˡ̥һ˼ڸɻϣ°빦ȻԺҩĶòˣװ˸ɫҩĵ¨ڽУȴź鿴

Ūֱ֮׼һۣȴںԺͷһȥ˺诡

˵ܽӴŮӣ
һͷˮ

诺ĺԺЩȣûϵλʦôŪáʦöţûˡ

Ŷ˽ȥѰ

ѾڰǰһǽĶվţڲ鿴ͷҩǷ⡣
ֶˣԸЩҩķŽ֮УǱ뿪ˡ

ǺĮ˰
ֲɸпȷһ½£ʺѧտɻҪ

Ժ֮УѧգգǺԸջæҲò
ֻѾδ˯͹ˣʵЩ

ء

һͷɣֻһҪ֪ȥʳϴǶúöأ
ĻĻ룺ҹջɽҩ»

˵ˣȻҲûѡӦеǡ

ôջЪţҽҲѧٶ
˰οԼ

ҩİڷźãβĻ󣬺诽⡣
ɫ磬λʦֳԸţȴܾˡ

ʦ֣´μ㰮ԵǴźƬĥա诶ԼյʦʮϲЦŰ»صĲʽ
Լһλʦ֣ҲʦҲǣʦкϲõĲʽҲԸҡ

밢ֿζһ㡣ԣֵ󣬶ź诵˵ͷ㵱ˡ

ֱקߣֻԲź读ֵ»ؼ

ߵü죬ǼСѸȥٿ

磬ѽȶˡֶߵ˵

᲻lJձҪټˡ

ûӦ

ǻҪǴźƬ˵꣬׻ǲᣬͣЪᡣ

ˣ˵ﰡǸСأʲô棿
ǴźƬʱ˵ģŻ»Ե¡
ȻЩᣬǵ˵

𲢲ϡ桱£ʵϲ

ֻûջȥ˾뱾ͼ΢΢ż⣬սӡ

Сû˻ᾭֻз紵ҶϦĹ͸ҶƬ֮ķ϶֮£ɢ䣬ĵƤӨ

紵ÿ飬翵Ķߡ
磬ҲϲҺ񡭡еϲ㡣

գգۣǰڵ˫ƺоϲв
ԾɣһϷŵĻҺ񡭡ҲϲŮӡ

겻֪Ƿˣֻ֣䵽ָ䡣






44.  ѧ׷   ڡ


Ժ֮, ͷһл᲻

ѧвʮգȴ̫ࡣֶѵõϧúܣ¶ĲͲ
ϧ, ⼸ϰ˸ϳʱ, ʱתˡ

˯ģ, ڴڱγһƬ֮, ͸ʧ˶ʱĸ֪ۿһƬɫΪԼһ˯˰

Ȼ, Ҳ£û˯ȥĴ㡣

˯˵, ڱ֮䶯, ֻ̽һԴ, ʵ:, ʲôʱˣ

ԷȻѾ·ֻһӡ
ʱһ̡

̴ֶٵؾһʮְ, Լôˡ
Źñӣ۾˯һᡣ

ȻĶͷϤϤҲ³뷨

Ѿϴ, , ߳ݣ䰫Ͽʼ֡

ȵʱˣȥˮ𴲡

֣ˡӻ

ֲδ˯, ֻǷͷװԼû

֪ʱţҲƽٲ𣬵Ȼұֻȥʳʳˡ

ڱеһϻʳ֣ҪȥҽݰæֱץնҪˡ
ŵʱ̣ǱսԺ˰ɡ
ӣƼ˵øԼʳҲԸԼš

·һ㣬ƵӴд

Ԥ֮еĻظ಻סߵЦ⣬߳䣬



ĥ죬ѵʱˡʳڵѧӣʱš

֣ߡۼ⣬߽ʳϽкǣʾԼ

ָմůʵıﱻӼֱһŽỹԵɵɣĿֻܸͣ棬޷˼
ʵĺ˳Ƕȥ˺һűϳ׿һǰѾں˷ˡ

𿴳δѣ⵽˵ʳбײŻǿĶ쵽ʶĿλ£ңȥòˡ

ֵͷɵλϣֱֱ׷ͷߵӰ

ѵ⸱ã֮ɫʾȤǰε֣ô

־ԼǰҪγӰˣ˯ԴΣʳ˶࣬Ȼӵúܣ̫
һץסҡһεצӣÿͣǰ𶯡

ƽһ϶Ժ˵ýƢҲãͻȻ˵˾仰ЩϰߡΪԼˣٶˣɰͰ͵Ҳˡ
˵ؿߵ׿

׿Ҳû⸱ģһĪ

ʱŸӣְԵĲˡ
ֵֻϣЩɨ˺һۡ
˰ںãסֵ֣ɿʡ

ڳˣֶȻ׽ˣŲȥ

״̬ԲԣֵֻסӱԵֹʹԴ
ȳԷѿУòˣá

ҡҡͷԡ
һ㣬Ŵֻý

̧ͷڶǣȷרĳԷδ˵Ļ󣬲ֵͷͬ庢һ㣬ԡ
˵ȥвˡ

ֱôһһЩʶԼǣڵض˶ʼسԷ
ֻǸոʵûʳڣԲȥƿʾԼѾúˡ

ʣ´ķƻǰٳЩȻöˡ

ԾѾ˵ֱּҪԴҡǿҵرԼ˵Ը
űһƬ˱͵˿ڱߡ

ɻ˳ſӿȥι
֪ʲôƻ˳ӵſ죬Ƭ˳ˡǻҪϽӣٳһ㡣

⶯ע⵽ˣЦ֣㾹ȻҪιԷ֣ſڡȹ֪ˣˣ

Щֲڼˣϱ֪ϵãֿỹû˯ѵӣҲûιֳԲ˵ΪʲôԵĵط꺢ͯһɣ̲ס˳Ц

ֱôһ˵ӿļ֮ҲȥˣѲ٣ɴ۾㻰࣬㻹ָϴأΪҲ֪

ѵûϴ𣿡ʲʾ

ȻûУַϣǶǰһֱԼϴñ˷Լܡ

һ£ȻΪֵ̬ȣƽ϶㵽ģʵûϵ־ȻԼϴѡһʱԼ׿æһϴ˵Ϊ̫ԣЩ

׿뷨ڻ˶˵Ķ죺ֻ˳㽫ֵһϴ˰ˣѧҵ֮Ҳ²٣˽黳

ͷʵĻǶ˵ҲԽһϴˡ

ãֹϾܾϹ˵ԼɢְҲŲһأ

ѽ֣֪ҡ

˵ַſڵģ



ʰ죬ǰ˵˶ѹΪ֤ԼӲԼķˡ
ЩӸǺƻὫתʾȾоһ㣬󣬽뵹תʾ㿴һۡ

ܲʳҲܾԷΪʮ⣬ÿǿôõʡ

ˣʺ˵£֣ЩԺҪУѧѧˣ֪
ѧģЩѧж֪ƽʵǲ̫ģֻǸԺĹӸˡ
ʲЩ֣ѯǷ֪ѧʱѶ¡

ʲôȫѧһµ¶𾪣ʲôݰ

ٲԸʼռ֣Ȼشȥư˹⣬㡣

ǿУͨĻΣ¶ǣὫԺɣ

ҡͷȴҲˡֻǿ¡
Ц볭ϵľ괸Դ
ֻǿҲҪǺȥ鿩ǰһ仰

ʧȥա
뱻Ժļ¸㣬һʱ֮޷Ƚϳ
ֻ޿
˵ȡ̸Ů鳤ȻǶԵģԺ֮࣬ʱЩԵ°

ʲǺ棬Ǿʲô֮һʹ࣬ҲЩɣο̫ǡϵһӣԺ԰ڴˣͨССѧԼֱ׾٣ڻ°

ʴʣǿǳЦЦȻ

ġǣ֣űָ۰׵ֱΪȥģڡ






45.  ѧ׷   Ʋ


ѧԽǰ, ԺĿҲͣ¡

ּҪץסһʱѧϰ˵ûʲôѶȣ˲ļƻ֮СͰ˹Ķ˵ʮּ֣ǰлֻҪǿ, ߾Ŀѧӹˡ
Ϊܽձ, ЩӾȥѧ·϶Ҫű鱳һܳ

ÿ鷨, ̿εķհ, ǳԺӣҲڶ۱빨֮ͬˡ

λ׷ֻѧ鷨ȴһ, Ժɽ

ֵ֪ҲżȻϾλɽû, Ƿκģ, һ˿˵ظ֮Ҳޡǰȥɽ, ѧǷױŽȥ֮ʱ, ǰ߲ײư˵ɽݣֲ֪

׷ߵúܣѧǶ֪λȾƣԺ, ڡ൱͵δԼɽݣʻǹɽǷ޷ܰ׷ӣ콫֮ϳԺ

Ŀ˲ͬ, ķϿʱú, ߼֣ѧǶҴ˵ĿȴԼˣÿѧ֮ʱ, Ǿƺǹ䣬ϣȵⰻȻպ֮ʱŻպīӺֽ֮ī

δʱѵֵѧѶѧ֮УǰŸԵıī

׷٣ӳһ䣬Ǵյߵľƺ«ʵڰѧ֮ʮ

ÿεദѾд󵨵ѧӸ׷ӴкպȵĿ״Ԫ죿

׷ͷɢͷĳȥ鷢ճ˾Ƶϣɢ˵ѧӡ΢΢ۣǹ˰βѧӵգشϯѧӰ״Ԫ졭ȻõǸϿ֮ʱܿ

һѧӽӻҪҵΪԺ״Ԫ

ǡ׷²ȣվ̨ϡѾƺ«ľһӣ«죬̨ͣ
ǿɱ˷Ҷʮ״Ԫ찡ҿã

úЦĽŶ׷ӵĶŪò֪ȥ˵Ļ磬˵ÿǰҪ״ԪΪѧӼУҲ֪ǰȵǶľأ

һΣһرꡣǱԣֻΪ˳ƺȻֻǿ˵ĿԣΨͨ⿼ԲлμӽĴǣ֮еʥĻᣬҲյס
״ԪȻͦԶѧǴԺ뿪˾ǣ·;ңԶ㲻׻ԺˡҪֱӲμĴǣѡھǼ¡Լ֮ʱ׷ӱǰȡ״Ԫ죬һòͷ
ֻǰ׷ôľƣʮأҪ˵˲ˡ

֪Щ˸Ӵŵ£һۣǸ֮ʱл᳢ˡ껹Ƕʮ꣬ǻ֪

˼ǻᵽķѧӶȻ٣׷ӵľƾ˶֪мҪˣô˵ֲɵø̾磬Ⱦƶôܳأ
⻷Ҳ̫ˣЩദǵ̫ȾţΨһһμϻԺ԰֮ʱӧ硣

ȥˡûϵȻ⣬׼˵䣬׷׼Ͽˡ

鷨ԵĿβͬǽ̰˹ģһ˽ǡ˿ȴϰ֣ƾӿں壬дֻܸѧǽһΨдϼɷӵ㲦˷Щ
ǰ鷨αˣɰ׷дһֽ֣˹Ħ̶ԡƲʼն޵˵һ־׷ָ̣ҲЩ

Ǿƺ«ʱȻˣ׷ӺһƣǷΪҾƣʱȻЩ⡣ȴǰ㣬δʡ
ɨһѧеѧ֮󣬰׷ߵ⣬һѲ߽һ̳Ӿơ
̳ǲ첼ҿһ˲ѧãΪЩСЩ̫ˣǸúȵ􆪣

׷Ӵ˿̷Ȼ⣬Ų鸡˫ȴȵúܣ̳оƵ벻಻ٵĶʮֻУһδÿֻ˰˷һˮ٣ֱҪﵴȥ

ѧɵԭأ׷β£ǶǵľګЩΣŸʲôһһ

Ҫҵƣ
Ժ治ǲǺȾô
ŵ㣬վδ
Űմ˰



ΨһһκȾƾòʡ£ƣаǺ棬ǵǡ
ȥԼǱսţйĹǲǰ´ʢĹƶɵġ

־Ӧ̫Ұɣ
ű͸Һ壬ϱڣһ¡

֭úȣ

رζ۾һ۾ζ֮У׼ٺһڣȴԵסˡ

˾ƻͼ͵͵ȣǼʲôѵõʳģ˫ű᲻÷ſסֵ󣬲촽ƱϻزˣĪҪȡ

ָոշƵζһʱ᲻֣Ծ򷽲ʱڴߵľˮûȣֻһ㣡
ȷʵҶȣһˣ¶ԼݣǺЩ鷳

һĻУĺڡеľƱӹϣŤͷٿ

ʮƾ㱻ȡߣ׷ӺȻЦһұ̽ǣֵ׸д
δľ̳ͷһڣˮŴǻ䣬ȴ⡣

ϵ֧ϺȻУƵֽ֮չ

ֽʾǰ׷Ӱ֮Ϻʼͦμֽдһ֮īɫǷʼ죬ÿ꽲αش֮

պī˼ߣֽ֮д֡
ʺī͸ֽϢбʣһ̶ױĿ

ýվǰ㼸ֱֽܿϵ֡

˭䴫ɷƽҳѡ

׷ӽдְǰ뾡Īʹ׿ն¡СǣѾƺˣĪҪԺƾ٣˻ᣬֱܰգ

Ƕʮҵˣ˿̾ǰȰƣϳѧõĪӿͷĳ졣ѧֻһѪạ̊́ȡƱһҪԷνġѡǺθܡ

֮£̲סֽƱ˻С
Ե𣬷ǿھƼ˫Өۺˮһ㡣

ע⣬ƱеǱһ£ö
ɱ

걻ĶĿ⡣

ֻЦü䣬һھƣ㡣

ǹ㣬ʱǳʱŨ
ǰ绨Ц̣ƻá

롣

δƣȻˡ






46.  ѧ׷   ÿġرġ


ֺȵò, ѧһֻ˰뱭
ֻӾѾЩƮձʵּǲסЩ, ָͷԴڱ, ֽ֮ͿĨ, ·
д˼ʫ, ־ñʼȣÿͷɴ೶ֽ

ûд㶫, ʺ֣ôֻ

Ťͷ, žƱ, ǰʲôʾͬĴ, ӲҪٺһڡ

˼ʱ, ٱײʵıӣŽʣµһƺˡ

ҪҺȾƣ
ʻǵһرӣԾ꾡ھУ, Ҳٵ֣ΪֹֻϵãǱѾԻֵͬܣ
˵ǰļ

ֻǲٺȾƲ˶ܿͷ, ȷʵһǻ, Щǵദž⣬Ҳֵཻ

ִǶһۣûԼʲô, ץ׼ͿĨдֻ֡Ǳôһϣֻ֣ÿհף벻ʲôʾ

𡣡Ǻ˵ƣһһ𡱵ؽţ˵ŻҲ˳ƺ

ʵĽ̸תǲǺ˾岻ʡ

ûҡͷҲ֪Լʲôڵͫתתϵֽкį̄
⣬ץ֣Լŵ֧ëʷŽУɣ

𽫱Сסñʼϵīմذ׵½֮ϡִʱȻ˫շ۲ͬ˾ƣһҲ壬
뻭ʲô

ʱûлӴЩķı֣ӣһ˼ϣûʱĥЩƾ޹֮ʱԽǼУǰ߼Ʋ֣Žһˮī֮
δҲδǰȴ֪ε֪һ¡

ϣ˫ֳձڵīգϹץëմϣֲ䵽յġ˼죬ûԼ˻ʲôͼֻҪ󣺡ÿġ
ֻҪǺÿĻϲ
оԼҪڼЩֲ˾䣺رģҪ˶ûеġ

óҪϵīȥīɵÿ죬Ѿ¼ָӡˡīûйں޹⣬ĵļѩϸ壬һСɵý

ѧͷûˮմʪӵֻǰľˮʪ˲ּձߵĺۼ

㣬ζ಻㵭ŻһȻƮǰӣζ̼ȥ
ʱסļ磬ûȲסζˤš

û
ӵ뵽

ԭڵָӡԵˮȡ̲סϸϸ̽Ӻζ
ӣֽƽ棬ֵҪʼ

Ȼϰ֣׷ӲǾʲôһذ׷Ӻȶ˾ƣֳȥһÿΡ

ֻīɰ֮ΨͨɫŨȾ

괹ֽ棬Ȼ֪ʲôȥ˵ġÿġرġҪ

ѧѧǷһ¶ǣҵĹϵ·εЩƽ￴ù߱˴˵ˣˡһЦ֮С

Զ

ְſڰϣżȻͷȥײǰ٩٩̸ķԶߡմ˾ƵĴԷӦ˼֣δüŤͷԷЦЦ
һЦЩ£˼һûоɳ֮£ѹǻ˸Цݹȥ
һЦնԹǶɢȥӽԺͬǺ֮

ͷȻ֪̽ͷ̽Ե¡ż̧ͷļ϶ҲǹſϣһҲޡ

ѧӵһϸʵԱ˵Щʲô

ߵ

׿
ǻŵˡ

Դϻ۱󣬻˱ʮֲԸҪЩڽִԺţֻѾüˡ

΢ۣԴֱۣ뿴Щ׿ʲô

׿дһֽ֣˺Լ±ʣѭȥ

ֳִȣ˫ǰ˵֣Щʱǰ֮£ҹ£ʵΪ֮սֹһֿ֪ɷԭ
˵óϿңǾƱȻȥ׷Ƕ˵ģν

ںͷŵ뻸һ㣬׿Ǹ˵Ȼֹѧ׿˵ġԸͬӡͷշת֮ʣǸе͡ЩǱҪҸ˵νԩ˽ⲻ˽ᡱһԺѧӣ̧ͷͷֵ˲ɿ
˵껸˽ƺˣʵúͬദˡ

һϯ׿ʮ־ȡδ̬ʵǲءߡһȻԼʱԣЩͻȻΪΡ
Ͼ׿£಻ܴΪ̬ԭ񻹵ÿ׿˼

׿ƱϴЦȻ̬ȡµľˮ꣬󷽵ֲˣˮȥ׷ҵȾһãٱ죬Ϊͬգ
ҲǸǳӡ
㻸ֹѧlJʱΥԺ棬Լ뷨ּгͻʱ˵ͬԺͬǢദȻÿմǹսÿЩ

ǶԹҿҲ޻˵ֻ⿴ֵĲʲôʵΣΪǰЩӻҪ򹨷Ӹ淢ִʳʳ֮£ֺնȥҽݰæ
˵ֹ׿ѧһ޷죬ֵܸе˰ɣΪüն׼ʱȥʳԷδͷһСıЩ򹨷Ӹ淢ˡ
˵꣬һ֣˵ǰɣ¿ɲôˣ

Ļȴ¶ɻ֮ɫüͷߵŵˣѯǷ¡

ûɹ
ûа֣˵׿ǽύʱǾûҹ鷳˰
ǰ֣οԸҲŰ



ʱ⼸Ľ˵ˣȥҹǲǰЩһ򾡣
˵ȷЩˡЩϵľ֮ɫα˵ԼҲôɵʱ֮ʵľ룬ͬΪЩҲǺ޿ȡ֮

ӿϺϣЩͣ˵֣Щᣬҵ¹䣬С֮١

ϣȻԲˬһ˼Щȷʵˣǳ׵ʱҲδЩСǹǶġ

ǣǻ˭
ʵͷ˼˵ԼĲ²⣺ǵˣѵĸزʶѧײֵ£תͷ֪ˣ

ȻֻڱһĶõҲЩԻսСӦЩֻҲˣԭ˸淢ͻЩûϵǰǴˡ

Ȼ޹أȻֻýȺ˵ʾãǿܻһ䡰̨ˡ

ͷ˿δע⣬ֻһŻֽϣԵ¶

ֳż׿ǵ£ʱ䶼ڹ۲

üһбޡüµķβ΢ʱ޴£סҪչȥһ̽

ÿ
ְѵ롣

һѵӵ֣ü̽ȥ
ֻδԷ󣬿αϣ˸ա

꣬ëʣֽںֽԵԷīδɱ㱻紵ҡ

꣬ջ֣Դչȥ뿴⻭жôÿôر

׵ֽϻһˡ
ſڰ֮ϡ
˵°֮УƴСֻ¶һ˫۾üĿЦвתŲһλɡ

ֻ¶һӰòұſŵȥָǰ봥Էգȴ΢΢ջء

ȭ£߬סǳǳī֮С

˿޷εȴֽ棬кīŨң·ⱡһֽ޷أֻܶݶ򵥵ؽ֮£ǿУȴߵķ֡






47.  ѧ׷   ֮ǰܶʦ֡


׷ÿ, ѧǾǶᣬԲŻᡣ

ֺȵò࣬һѹ, æ, Լ߻ᡣ

ʾ̫, ϰ׷Ҳ, ȻĪ뻸ƴֻôһ̳˷֮Ҳû١ֻò׿ݡ

ͲС, ׿ݸ߸ߣܷö, ֻȽͻ, ٻѧú׿һʴ

, һ͸û, ûйţ

ûãȻ춯ߵűߣȴ˲, ¡

ʦ֣ϻʳǽΧ֮󣬱ûϵ֪к£

Цǳʦ, ֻһô

ͷ£

޷һֽ, ݸ֣ǲձҪѧԣұ뼸λͬʱһʦЩ

ֲ, ӹۡȷʵЩ徭ľӣӦǰ˹֮⡣¿ȥ⡣
Ǵ˵е

³֮ʱꤣûʲôɫʳ֮ȷʵʦԼıʼĿǸˡ
ȱѧϰϵֶǰ˲ɵм

˵ЩӶڽԼ飬ǱϾҲѧԺѧԺ޾飬ѧЩץϹЩⶼͬˣͷܿǵĳϲá
˵о˶ڽƾٿҲôϾӵϲзץסƾٿٵϲȴ׽ֻԣѧԿȥˣȼü֮֮ȥ¡

ţЦ˼ģлʦ֣ʦִ֪θлǣ

Цºͣһл㹻ʦܿܰá

Ŀ֪ɷҵļλͬһֵͬлȷһ䡣ԼĻҲܲ˵ͬ⴦áֻǿһֽͷּصȷֻһ˿ĻЩϧ

ʦֻ׽֮˿Ҳ޷··ͲܾһڴӦֻǱϾӲϲҵ˽´⣬ĪҪ̫֪

¶ɡǽ֮ǰ˵ֻ׿ϵãտϣЩǼԺͣǷԶҲĪ̬ȣԼõ˺öһ£Щ˵ȥ
˵Ҳֻͬ⡣һĶʮˣҲҪⶫɣЩʫͬǲ¡
֪ˣлʦ֡

һ˲ĳɱ¿𣺡кѴ

գǲ˵̫࣬մЩƣֱֵʦܵʦ֣Ҳ̲ס˵˼䣺ʦӦ֪֮磿

Էף֮뻸˱ϵѣֻǽջԵɺϣҵȱǰˣҷܽЩ¼ǿһʦַģ㲻ԸĻȻ

Ļ¶죬´δϵʲôƻһ㡣ֻ¶һ˲ָֻǸƵģ΢ЦʦǢǺ¡ʦܷǿ޷

û뵽λʦô˵æлԷ˵ʦмң裬֮ɡ

֣֮μ֮ʱֱ֪˲μ棬ƺ̫ʡ׼ܾͼ׿ʽԺӡ

ȻȴǱǰ̸üͷ΢壬Ŀɨ˹ֱʵʦкιɣ

²شĻкʦܣþò

ȻϣǡҲʵ᲻֮ң׿һ㹻ߣַЩƣʦк£˵ǡ

˵֣ȷûʵʱȥЪô
ᣬ뷽ŶµĮͬǳ˹С

֪ϲ£߽ȷʵˡקק䣬ԼĶûʦ֪ѧԿ쵽ˣ˵ǵ꿼أ

ɨֽϲ
лʦֻ֡Ƕ͵֪ɻк£
עµ˫Ϳ͡

··ûеԼĲϲ˰ֵ¡λʦܲˣˡ
˵껹֣ʦѧԻȫԸĪʦһⰡ

ֵͷΪԼҲᾡȫģлʦ֡

Ҳδλʦ֣תֻ

һֽڰϣֽǷűã磬Ĳֵʱǿøʣһֱûʲôʱ

ʵ㲻̫ãⲻڿƾٿԵͷҲδѧͻȻӴѧʮֳ׿ҲǸһӣԼѧͲˣỹҪʡ˺ʱʱ
ԼΪ˹ĿգѧѧôܻأΨһһȽóҲͬʱˣȻǽֽ̡һʵѧҲ᧿Σ
µܰʵ㣬ѧд˹ġ

Ϊ˱ˮȥȥʵ»

ûֵעһֽϣÿ㶼ڰ

£ԶЩȻδϡ
ַĵϲãʮЩ˵ʲôػֻ֣һͼ

̧ͷӦûɣҾ֮ǰܶʦЩ⡣ǶǹյĿҲаѽ

𲢲ôΪΪֻһˣ

ҡͷʻѽ˵ҪͬʦҲͬˡӦЩѧѧӰɣ

һҵı㡣

ҲЩ֣Ӧɺϰɣһ磿
룬ʦʱһأҲ㣿

ڶ˳Ĭ
ڶλʦֵΣ˵̫ķС

ּ˵ֱ߷źЩǣչȥ磬ҺʦֲġǣҲûбҪܾѽ
˵οԺͷ飬ʦԸһαԼ

ȴǸԸԼ߳һ·ӣ˵İȻҲû˵ĺġĸıԴ֡
죬뵽ЩҲΪֵѧԡ

ֻҪãҲں



´Ǳ뿪ֱԼᡣ

ƿţͷһȥˣ

ЦЦû˿ţҲαװ۵·ʧӿⲻ뿴ǹҵˣж

ϣűδͷ֮ѲǸͯȥ£αصŲţ

߹ȥĶ棬ǲӶԷߣܣǶһġ
ЦòãƽϵЦⲻͬǹȴ֮һ䣬ȾԵĶ⡣






48.  ѧ׷   ³⣬ٮ⡣

ʱѧϰС

Щȷʵü, ǽʮֲԸ·µĶմʲôһ㡣
Ƕһ, Ƚ忴һ, ֵѧϰдһԸǿİ˹ķӡ

Ȼϲ, һ, ĲĶԷ֪Ϊר׼ѧϰǾõģ˵µĻ֮ȡ侫, ɣ֮ĿԼаǷݱ, ߼ǵͬһ𿴿, ûڹˡ
ܹԼҲͬ˰Ǹѧо

׿𻹺, ѧԺǡͬ, ⶼʱƫ˵ǵĵҹ£޲һжʮʱ顣

ʣѲŻ, ѧŻֱ֡ʶʹ飬ԺΪҪѧĥ˵Ķڡ

Ҳһؐ塣

֣зͷô𣿡ʹë, ֽϻһͺ¿, ÿǰ˼ͷ
ѾĵͼˣȴȻ֪׶ٸвС

ֻû⣬ͼֵĻʣԺҪǿϽʿ, ȥͷɣ϶ܳһң
ÿһУв̬ͬòÿ˵ﶼͷ˻⣬ֱֱȥˡ

ĥûǰһƣϽ

һͷһɮɮСɮ˷һСи

ʮ꺢Ӷ⣬ֿһ۾֪ˡӣŸϽʽԼȥ飺һٸзһٸͷһгͷСгһͷҲĸгĸͷ
СкһпһÿĸУһǶʮȻжʮУʮСС

˵Ļ˰סЩõͼ棬пѰҲԺΪҪУ㣬

ָͬܣ̾ǰҪֻͺˣ

׿Ա͵ҵǿȡʿ˹ⲻҪЩ㣬ʱѧѧҲá

ⷬ˵ΣǶǡϾƾĿܲ˹أ

ֻĻ󶨻иƿѧѡ񡣰֣д£볯Ϊ٣㵥һƿ

ֻڱԹһ䣬ȴֵһʵķգҪΪ

ĻЦۣã
ȻֻǸͨѧӣ֪˽࣬Ϊһ׸ЩȻ˵㲻һֽԡ
룬Ƶĳô



ѧԵǰҹ׿飬ʱΪɽԼ

᲻÷е飬Ϩ𣺡磬ٱ䣬أ

ָʱõѧ׼ˡȰ

ѾʱĩˣôһҲǲס̫ණ
ѧԹգһ㣬ڶǰ˹ġ

ִʱͱűʫţҪÿ仰ס

÷ʵ⡭ԴۻѾ˺üݡ
ʵ̫ˣס죬Ҳ벻ݣֲϿϵ顣

ʿ伪⡣䡣

ֵһۣԼ磬ٱᡣ

³⣬ٮ⡣ϣһԣ֣㿴ߣʲôʱˡǣЩЪϢ
˵ʫһ㣬¸¹ؾֵ࣬ӱһ⣬类ơ

⣬⡣

۰ͰԼǻҪѧһĿģĶϼ֡䣬ӸǣҶǵӰɻشϡ

ֱ˴뵽յĿԾ˯žȥٿ顣鱻䣬òȥá
ѾһƬУţԼᱻԴ֣ߡ
ò׽õȥ̨һ԰ŵĻʯ׼ȼǽϣȻӰ˯

»ʯǱȥ
ڵϹģʲôҲֻǰߡʲô塣

ֵ˲𣬺ڰ־ŴſھҪ

һֻס죬βȣһֱӱԷ뻳С
ĺԷŽţֻ㱡¡

ҡɫЩɳƣ·ǸոѹȵϢ־Щ̲סӡ
ĲڵҹɫסȥԼҹ鱻ֵЩšѳζһʵĽڣŵǱѾ¶Ŀġ

δſδѣͷļϣͳ˯飿

ǵľʵ̫ʱ޹⣬ճ͵˳

ֱûƿҲ⣬ߵһʯ׼ȼ

Լ˯ǰصĲѾȡ£ʱֻ¡Ϊ󱳿δ֣Ȼǵƻͨһ۱ܱ
Ͻץסֹ֣ʯһ𣺡磬Ҳ뿴ˣǻȥЪϢɡ

ûж֮ʣʯڹϷźãˡ
ѧǡ

Ѿˡ

ֿ飬һ˿ίֵ뷨ԺиϳȥԲҲǵĿԡ
ںڰôãȻǿʲôģܱ塣飬ץֱۣߡ

ʯΣաֹ˳Լ»Ҫ飬Һǡ
ּδԼ򣬷һƬͷ鼮ֶֽ࣬ţһȼˣȥ롣

ֺ˵úܣôһţտԵĽŸоˣֻűԼͺá
Ȼش˯ְ߲ҹ͵͵飬ӲҪۼ˯ŲС

Ī˱ͷŸˣںһſòʵЩˣ磬ȥ˯ɣұ֤ˣ

ڷŰľϣδţֽıЩסļ򣬱֤ᱻţҿ˯š

ã治áȰջҪأˡ

⻰еãȻվֻȥԼǱ˼˻㲻ˡ
纮Ҳûʲô£ֻչǱΪԼġ

֪ԼȰˣֺһϽ˯ţҲ˯ĥȥ춼Ҫˡ

֪Ϊģ뵽ҹڲϷġʫɴڴͷΪ

Ұݣ¶`⡭
֮ԣʵš

ѹͣһһ䴫ֵĶС
Щߵʫ䣬ƪƵһݡ꣬ҹ׵
פ֮䡣






49.  ѧ׷   ʴ


ʱ, ˶ѧС

Ѿվ̨ϣѧãȺ¡

ѧԱϾǿƾٿ, ҲûرĿ, ֱƽϿεѧڿԡ

ѧõӶһ, Ҳ޸Ŀռܰ¶ġǽʱóǩķȷ˸ԵĿλ, 򱻴ңֲδ鵽һ

ǰֻЩţ˿̵ѧ, δ鵽һҲ⣺һҲܳĴѽ

һԵʻ˱翼˵Ѷ, ʱ䲻ѧѧҪ㡣ֻⱾ黹δýѧ, 㱻ӽˣ鶼ܴѧ, á

ֻһʹɿ, ·𱻹ȥĲ飬ͷ⡣

ʱѵӿʼſ

Ŀǰ, һı˫ֽӹȿͷľӣһ£ȷԼܱ, ŷĵֽ涥дԼ֡
д, żмǲľӱֱЩⲢǽȱʧľӱɣᡰʴ塱ʱǱȶģֻҪǹ, ܴϡ
д˼䣬ȫͶȥѧӵĶˣһֻǰſ

רעǵⶼд֮ʣµı㶼ˡ

ǰ˽ѧԾжǷͨ˵롰㡱ֻҪ԰ͨˣ˹ġȴҪݷǵۡǽ·ΪסҡĵȣǰȶΪϸΨжȻᱻ
ѧһδͨҪѰӵڿΣؽ֮ϡ

ִ⣬㽫ʸ£΢һԼܶԶ١
һһپ䣬Ѿʮ⣬ͷôһǵģģͨⳡҲаյġ
ˣЩʹٴνë𣬽ԼȷҲдϡ

ģֻ꣬ʣȫǲסˡ

併ԻҲ_______ж֮£ʱЭڷա

ǡǡͷľӣǡˡ¡Լ֪仰һҳǾ޷ȱʧ仰ʲô

С𣬿˼
񡭡ʲôţ

ӶȻ߰˰ˣȻѴꡣƫλãֲһߣֻ΢΢̧ܿԷĲ
ϵɫ

ɨǰ⣬һ²֪ĵס

ر죬֮ء

ǰľǿհףδϴ𰸡

Ǵִֿȥܷŵδд·кθӦһ㡣

⼸գֱ֮ʱڣԷʲôʲô˵ȷӻѧԺǱᱻ·ְ࣬ȫԣֵֻЩ롣
˵ǻһȻΪ¶ֿ

бǰڻ֮ѰʧƬΣƴƴմսŵЩʹ֪ЩԼ߳ġ
ϣӿԾɣ

ⳡԹ÷ɿ죬Щѧ˵ǴС⣬˼ܴǴ㽫ˣǰ뿪ѧá

ʣ䣬ʵǼǲֻ⣬㽫֮ˡ

¹Ĵ𰸴ӵۣһõǰһܳѧãǰǵûͷһۣˡ

𱾾ڵ뿪ҲԼĿˡ

ǳʱ㿪ʼԣŹһʱǣѧӶſΣԺﰲˣżԵ

ɫúܣվѧСϵʱһ߶ϣԺäĿĸһѾдˡ
ֻҪǡ

ϣһᣬѧ߳

СĲľʢģҶƬȻתƣЩ㲡
ֻ·ϣȴһ֮Уδȥӭ

磡ֳ֣ûˣע˵ĳƺ
ķ˼̱˴˵ľ룬ʵдô

һ

˵Һüⶼأ϶дΪڶԼһҲûš

ڶ𣺡Ҳƭ㡣

ʧЦе棬㣡

ڻ磬ʳҲûзԣ˾ǻЪᡣ

Žȥﻹҹﱻõ鱾ʯбƵ̨
뵽ҹΣ͸һĨɫϽЩҵʰ޺á

˯ô磬ǿư£ӲǱȥʳ˸ţӣԼĴòУֻȥ

Ż·ʣǱ᲻÷֣Ҫ翼ˡģûҪʱ䣬úϢô

ע⵽۵׵ɫֻ˵ʱȥʳԷȥͷЪˡ

ڴϵְѴһ϶Ŀͷڸʲôʵ̫ԶҲĻ棬֣Ӵ£˯ˡ



˵ڼ򵥡ʮûѧЩ֧Ŀ־ӡֻҪ۾ܻ

ġͬסӯ㡱ЩֻҪ֪ʲôݣܽ𰸽

λ³ǩ߾Ȼʡ
ֱ⼱ץģ̲סЦǱӿһ۲ǿסЦ⣬רдԼ⡣

Ŀֻ࣬ʮֿ಻ѣƽӶнֻ̹ҪǶɿҵһ룬ͨûġ

뵽ֲ뵽յİ˹ĿԡȻⶼƽʱǽεйأնȻҲȥ̫ԶѧϿλ棬ֻҪȥ濴սĿҵѧӦڻ¡

ôһϼƣоȻ˼ֵزپյĿ

״̬дòҪɣûñдˡ

ĿϣĵŪëʡ
ǱʼīЩ鷳Ȼ˵ܰëת

֪дû
ǰͷţҲһͷȥȷ״ֻܹʱˣȥѾӽˡ



ͬǰ˿һͬᣬûԷ۴𰸵ȤɴཫǰЩ˹صٿ˿

ѧ棬ҲԸֻһ֡

磬㿴⣬ְָֺֽһʵ

ֽģ¸ģ

ǰ

Щø˲Ŷԡͷֿһ飬ͷּĲġ

ùݸдģʱרעˣּ֮ϵϸ΢δע⵽ֽ÷дһֽ£ŻΪдġ

ֺĺ񰡡ϸȶԲֵܷԼҲǰģܸ塣

üֽõǰּȷǰ֮ϵּͬҲǳ֡˭ֽˣ

ֻڻţʦ׼ЩҶ˺öˣÿ㶼⡣ղҿأҾδ

Īֽͷ𣬾ԺͳһŸЩѧƽõġ

ЩдԼĿĲֲֻֽͬм򵥵һ仰Ҳһ˹⣬֮һƬհס

дšʴ






50.  ѧ׷   βľϻ


ʴ

ֿԼǰԾ, İ˹仰

ҹֽϼˡ
ɺ

΢ͷë£סеɻ

ѧмž
վǰ, ؿǴ

տİ˹, ʽĿƾٿԲͬ, ѧֻһƪ, ϾֻΪ˽һѧǵĵӣԼȷǷѧ

˱ʣһģһĿ֮, ƺᵽһ˿ΣյϢ

ȻƼ򵥣ĸ, ȴͨġһ仰, ǽش⡣

ǰ֡ʡԡӺ, , ʡ
֡ǳԡﵳԻտӣѧ

仰ǳԡӺȴ֮

ȥķ, ˭ǰϵ
𿴵ʱ򣬶ԷģǴδ

ģʼ֮

δԴ߿ɼӡ

֮д, Űյ˼·⡣
⡢Ѷ, ĵҪֻոʽд֤ԼҪʲôɻ䣬±Ӧ䵽һ

ձǰĿʱʶԡ
Խ, δе
۳ȻдЩ˼·ǰĵģ۶ǰ뷨ֻǵ㲦˼ˡ

պīʼдԼĴ



ıԶҪʱáΪ˽дۣѧǶһֽд£д֮ϣֹͿĨ֮

ʱѵʱ򽻾ˡ

߳ѧãŶ׼ԣ׼ᡣ
ֻû㱻һס

Щ졣
ֲ֪ǰк£׼ѯʣͼԷ󻹸Źӡ

ӲǸսĿ
ý͸¶Ź죬ضԷӼ˸֮վԭȴŶԷڡ

ˣȴǵá
˱ǵһʳ֮ǵѧӡ겮

겮΢΢Թ˵ѧǰ֪ѧԵİ˹⡣

ֲԾɴ۾ʱ֮ǰ֪ģ˾Ȼͱǰ
ѵݺԼ
ϾǸʵѧˣȻǰ͵¡ô˰ڸ淢Լ͵ˣ

ȻҲѧӣϷҲǰղŶµģѧѧ֪ĪҪԩͬ

겮ȴһ϶ѧ⴫ǣк⡣ȥһֻǷдֽ֪ˡ
⻰˵նӶЩԥ

п϶ֽǰȥģȻô죿
ʱסҲǵǻٻ֤ݰɡ

߲ѣҪֱ˵ԼƲ⣬ȴߵס

ƽ·û겮ָ֤һ㣬Թ˵ɣҵһͬȥ̽һ
̬󷽣һҲйģӱϾѧԺӣΪһѧƾ޾֮ȥһλѧӵзأѧһ֮ʣϷȻš

겮޷ΪιӲԸǹѲʲôѧԸԺѧ

ô˵֪⣬ε֪£̲ȥֱʵѧӻһܴѳ֤ݵģ

겮Ȼһ˲ת۱ñ飬Źӽ͵ҲǰżȻѧѧԣбһ䡮ʴյĿ޶°

׷ʵûǴĻѧӲҪμӱѧ԰ɣε֪ҵȵĿ⣿
겮ѧеѧӣòμⳡԡ

ҷѧӵۣյĿ⣬뼸ǰѧһģһ̱Ѱ˰겮Թ˵ǰԺǧ괫УԺգܱͶȡ֮ͽˣ

˵زҲûϢˡ

ǰһˣҵһͬȥһˣ˭տںԣһ֪
˵꣬겮ֻǣǹ沢ѧԵֽ˵ԺѧϾԺ£Ҳ޷̵ѧ֮ˡ

Ѿ಻ֻܾܾôһȥѧᡣ

ں棬ظŹӡ
ŵˣ磬겮Ϊʲôǰ

һ˼ƲǼ·ְ̫࣬ãӼװ༷
ˣʲô겮һҧˡ

Ϊֹ˿Σ֤˶ԺԼװ׷ˣѧעô
ǰͷ겮Ӱϣ

겮ֻһɱĿϣëֱɻعͷ˵Żδ



ƿţ빨ӽ

ɢһֽţЩΪڿµġ
Ϸд˵ּʮ档

겮Ƕֽ۷⣬ȥҪҳд˿ֽ
ҲֹֻΪӵ˱ˮá

ڰϷŵѧѵѧӣѾʱˣЩĪҪ˹š

޷Ӱڰ֣겮Ķżֹ̽һ

ֿýţ̲סԼûͷдʲô˵ĶɱϹͼ

ϵֽٶ࣬ɨҲ˶ʱ䡣
һյĹ겮㽫ЩǷˣȻδҵ
öͷðˡ

ּڷ̵ѧӣǷˣҳһӲڵĶأ

겮ͷݺݵһֻۣɫָ¡
ǲǱˣ

ֻشֱӽڷһߵᱧǰһͷ

ᣬǼ尾

мһŷͷֽжѡ
ȴҽǷ꣬Ϊһ۱ͷҲֽܲĵط

ηٶȣЩǱˡ
ȲϷ

ǿȥѧӣˡ

ʱ겮Ȼħס˹ӣѷӴָ֤ˣ˵Ҳ֤ԼҪԺѧ
ϣò䣬Ǳˡ

⻰ɫ΢䡣
겮ע⵽ϵĲѰΪԼ¶ˣҲ˵ɣֱ塣

Щŭ⣬ȻǶΪʮֲѧӣˡ
ȴûںЩһǴﵽĿģһ뿪ԺҲóȥ

ߵʱһֱͶˣҪס겮ٶ̫죬ԣһʱ֮侹ȥˡ

겮Ȼ֪Ŵ˭ģû
ѡһߣصĴҿβֵľϻ

·һ֮˵õǧľҩ˹ȥ뽫ϻó

𶯣

ŵ˼ԭء

عʶԼôܱסϻһ⡣סԼ֣ѧ˼Īкμ֮£

ߵǰ齩Ӳ͸¶˿̫ˡδԡ֮ˣҵĴ̡

˵ࡱ겮סڽŭӿ㡪

ôˣֲʾվǰӡ
Ҳ֪ԼӦ̫󣬷ŹӶǵЩб겮ߣ˵Ҳ飬ѧڲҵıǰ½ľϻȡǡ

Ͳ겮ͷᣬοȻ˹ӷУֻҪҵ֤ݣανִ
Ϊ˲Ӵ촲̣òӣƱŤʮֻ

ϻӷϣʮֽš
ϣ
̲ס˿ڿˮ֣ϻϵȥ

ֱģ˵Ⱦһʱ侹ҲʼԼǷѾˡ

𿴳۵׵ĵǣվס֣û¡






51.  ѧ׷   ѧ¿ɱ˰


ľϻֿʮͨ, ϸƣܷͷžµĸ񣬾Ҳѵõĳľ
ֻڳ˽ûȥϻӵر֮, һͷϡ

겮Ѿͣ, , , ¶Ļ벻ɵؽ۲Ź͵ؽϻ, һ˫Ŀ

磬ͷǿ, ͸, ϻڵĶ, ۳ҫ۴ĿĹ⡣

ͷһŽ𶧡
ͷѹżƱ

겮ֻǸͨѧ, ôǮƣŵúϻʧ֧ŵžغϣ˵ߡ

ѧ, ˣҲˣ㻹ҪȡôֵĻ겮˵ʵ˵
ӱͲ޳겮ƾ޾Ѳ, ο߻֪ڵֱӴڼ䡣ʲôҲûҳ, ӹʮˡ

Ȼ˵仰ӱ㿪겮ѧӣ̫, øɽһ

겮Ѿٱ˫ȷڵϣŰû£ġܡ
Ｘ䣬ע⵽վǰĹӣӵŲ˼סӵ½°ڣľʵһֽˣ

ȴȻԸͣһӿ֣ת뿪
ֻ¹ڵϵ겮˫Ŀ죬غš

޵ңֶûͬ顣
Ҳ̫ˣ겮һͷſ⣬ץҹ֤ݡ

뵽ҹ

ʱǵֵĿ㺰֮ŷֲּ͵δϰֻû·һЩǣ޷ֵġ
ֽǲע⵽ּϵϸ΢𣬸ġ
ʱ겮Ӻһҵ֤ݡʮҲû˵ˡ
ͬסһ䣬һᱻۡ

ҹ˵Щ֮㽫дֽӹŶ̨ȥԺӡ

ۼֽһվӱԵϯϣɫ¹ɫĻ޳ָ໥ѷ֣һ˵С
·йָԾ

յֽ־ãҲ̡
ûֹûǻǷֻ֣ܴ㶵վűߣŽ׵ֽΪڵм
أ̶顣
һһкۼ֮ʧ

һжδ

ֱ̨ߵʱžѡ
΢΢סļ磺ͷ󣬽ȥɡ

˰ߣȵˮ¶ǣҲʶЩ졣

ͣⲢдѵһĽش⡣ĿѼУҴǡֽ֪˷Ž֮УΪ¶ˣ˺á

ȫͬİֽţҲΪ˭зŽģᱣܺõȴλͬ
˵ҲǣĿ֣ʲôر֮ͬĻдһŻȥҲûʲô˵ġ

˯ǰֱʰһɢֽȴѣ˻֮ǻطڷŵúá

˵ü򵥣·ֻһᡣȴпһ£ΪԼܱˡΨһܸ˿ĶǸľϻ

Ȼ֪ô˵ԭʲôȫζԷ˽ԼڹѵµĽƱ˳ϻ֮ʲתƵǽ봲ļн֮Сȥ֮ʱñǺãһҲ

˼£Ŀ䵽ڰϵľϻϣû뵽շ¶һ㡣
Щƺʲôıߡ

겮Ȼڿޣ½󣬽ӵ⡣
վűߣҲſڵһۣ֣ȥʳ

ȥȥȥҪˣĪСʱʳĲ˶ûˡ
ס֣ŹؽҺǿߣϣеģ㷹ˡ

겮۶ԷЦŶ˵˾䣺ѧӣѧ¿ɱ˰

Щìֻܻ֮ͬСС֣Լıȡ˵뿪Ժȥ⿤Ŀӣ鷳ˣ;ǶҪһķ顣

뵽ֺ޲һţûǾŹȥ֮ǡ



ʹȻûйֶ
˵ֺ𱻹ӴȥǱߣû취׼ʱʳʱ˷ˡ

ȻЩܱȳԲϷǿ
ֳ˼׷˵ĶѹȥЩŶһؿһŷ¡

֮ҲעһûвʶĶţ˺˶֪˵ص߾ġ

ʮֵ죬һ𾪣ûԺͷȻô£ΪʲôΪڼװ𣿿ô֪ᶥλãҺҲɣôû£

һˣܲһһʣ

Ҳһʱȣʳһ⡣룬ѡһĵģҪԺѧ𣿡

Ӧǰɡֵͷžͺ͹˵ûҵ֤ݾѧѾԾˣҪ֪ɽȥûˡ

»粻ǻԼѧˣ䵽ȣҲǱܱ࣬뿪Ժðɣһֺʵ޷겮ľٶ

֪ôġΣҲûͨ㣬ֻ˵겮̫ɵˣЩ޷֮йʶġ

׿龭ȴһѪֽ֣֪λд֮У

һ·ȴûʲôʱ˷Žȥġ
д꣬㼸ûߡȥѧûȥʳдš
ΨһûŵʱտԡΪԣǶҪǰѧóǩҲ˷У翼ȥǣ˻Ͻӣʡ鷳

ѧѧӶǰסģѧǶ뿪ȥѧÿԵʱǱӣҲǲܡ
˵İ
겮Ҳ̫ͨˣȻܽ˿
ʲô⣬տ̫æǹˣ

ҡͷЩֻǲ²⣬һҲûУǱ˵ΣҲҲСģȷٳš

׿ʶͷȻǼˡ



ȥʱ겮ѾԺУ֪Լ˻Ǳˡ

Լоһ˩ŵûһ˶ĺۼҪô겮һԿףҪô˹غš֪Ժãһǡ

ľϻϣصĺúõģ뿪ǰһ

һС

겮ҪݺΪʲôѡǿǵ£ֱӲڽ䴦ֲǸף
ѵҪЩǣ
кر֮

ԼᣬڷڴβľϻȻױֻ֣һ۱ƶϳŮݣֲء
겮Ȼ֪ûľϻ
Ľ

ҵ˼ҪԴըһֻס۾סϤڶ𣺡ˣ˭ڰ¡

䣬ȴʮְģ·ĿԽһжԼҪȥ˼

ѧԣĿαȡˣЩ˵ѧǷŸ١£ȥЪϢһᣬЩΪ˿۵úܣ۾Ҫˡ

ֽ۾ƿΪϢҪڣͼľϻ˯ǰҲתһҵѽ
˵ӻȷǷ˽ûУһӺƱϣǲǿԣ
죬ͷĶŻԭڸסСںúһѣ˭Ҳ벻ͷǮơ

ҲԼ㵹Ƿҡ

ţû˼ʶָԼǮͷЦЦ






52.  ѧ׷   ѪջǱʲôɡ


յƣʹĺĳ˯
Ժĵ֮¡

Լ, ±Ⱦһŵı췢

Χɫֻǳǳĺۼ
Ҫôأ
ѪջǱʲôɵأ

ͷԷ籩, ִԴ, ͵͵һͷġûڷ֮, ֳ´, ϵֽ̨ʱϣ͸ĶٸԼɾ㡣
Žز, ΢΢һڴϡ

װԼڴҵ, ̨, ŽŪһڡ

ͷ, ˮˡӳ, һ޲ߵģ۰Ͱ͵ˡ

ûϵѵô硣գǹһȥҽݰæԿ˯һЩ, ֶõѡ
ٿⴲɢıīֽ⣬¶Щȡ
Ȼ峿ҵô

Ҳ֪ԼվסţϾͻȻ֮ת, ֽʱдҵ, ǵ˶̼
Ѿ뵽õġѪڸǹȥķˡ
īɫڣסǳǳĺɫûѶȡô˵ܱҰѵԼ˵ϵѪ˿ĺðɣ

ǿн͵ҷѹ, ΪҪϿΣҵδɣżøϽдʵ̫һʱʧ־ͱŪˡ

Ϊβֱȥдҵ
ǲ⡣δҲ뵽ΪڸѪֻǿ˵ۼīҪϴŵϣִӴŪϡ

ô죿վȣѴȾڵıӴȡ

ԺᣬƽΪѧĥԣЩСԼϴֻкصıȥǶĴæϴԺһ£Ҳȥء

ӹһŵı죺ȥᡣ
ͬŪࡢڹͺͺĴ֮ϵġֻͬʬ𼣵£ѵȻһϴ

òãԼϴСæܾȻѾڸ˺ۼãһϴϴű˲ԾǷ鷳ˡ

ϴ꣬ȥ

ʱ磬ѧҪôڴϣҪôȥʳţһ·һҲûŹ

᲻˺һŵ
ͷиڴľĲϡ

ǰʣ֪Ⱦīⱻɻϴɾ

ѽǴ￴ı죬һŵīͷû취ϴ׵Щˣɵڴīʲô

⻰ַӰīŪϵ˻٣ԼҲ̫ر
һɡ
͵͵ߵˡ

ע⵽Сؿһۡ

飬Ųߣʵ֪ⱻɻµģɷһ

ⱻҲԺŵģÿͳһƽﶼգ峿ϴٽϴĴȥϴãҹҪ˯ľ崲

ǴȻѾϰӦ£УǷ˺þһûˮá

Ͳܽõ𣿡ԲԲ۾òôĶЩ̧ͷ죬ģϼִȰ㿴ͷϴҲɵҪ˯˻ҵı죬С۵ƤⶼҪ˯

⻰ֵβ˵ҲǣҲ˯̫ûϴı죬˭֪Щŵʱ᲻ᱻʲô
ͷƤ飬ҲٴҪˡ
ֻǽҹô죿

һ𣺡֪ѧǰıλæ̺õģǻЩ
ѧʱյᣬϵıǸոϴɵģҲԺе˰æŪģֻǴδ˭

еİ鳣ɴѽ˵ǸѽѧİɣЩ춼ѧѧϴģʲôġ

ϣֱʵ£

ԶԶԣµѧӡ˵ǽһӴѧӡؿһۣһ˵Ҳжıⱻ춼ǴȡġҸͬһҸһµġ

Ȼû׵ôô˵ЦЦллл

СҿЦȰˣűĻ

ǻǽǴ챧Ȼ˵ûϴɾⱻҲûáοеǣܻʬȻãûҪǵϴһϴҸطֱ˲źá

춼ûŪȻû취ϴɾΪڸֱ࣬˼һմīȫˡ
ӼдģûŪԺŵǼȻҹһˡ

ЩѺͱϣȥʳš

ôãҲˡѵʱȥ˾УڷһҲް

ֻǻû߳͸оһʹ
ǵһˮúúЪϢȴһ·Ὺʼˡ

ɫٿɷףæס̽̽ĶͷһձԼź
Ķʣ

ֱ˻ţûֻͣ˵ǶƢθ̫
ʹһģʹ̡˵þȫˡ

һˮУȺůůӣҪȥҴɻ᣿
Ĵ϶ˣЩʣ뽫ԼЪϢ

ʹ͵ҡͷ
ԼĴܴīһһСŪϣǰҲ˵ˣ
Ҳ붯ˣ磬ͺá˫Ų豭۵ָָʼס

ж߲·δ룬棬ţȥࡣ

ּҪȥʳɵɡ

֪ĵǣӹĻͷ޷˿ǡٲȻǱȥҽݴա

ðɣܹѾûʲôµˡҽݵĺʶˣڽ̺ҽʱʱʱǹȥ
𼱣ٸҴֶ

Ӧá

ĿţʹȷһԼϵûбŪ࣬Űĵؼȡ



໹ȵģҴݡǿöԷԼٻŬԼȴʱ䡣

ֺ࣬оȥЩ֪˶ӣá

Ȼ˱ңʱԲǻȥҽݰæ

Լ˲ʣƻֹԼЩ˵˵ԷʰܲȥҽݣԵĻھͳš

׼õһӵĴʱסһʱûӦ
ȥԸԷһࡣǴʱˣܲȥҲЩ̫ĺ˰ɣ
ôһ룬ЩܣŤͷ

ȴǰӣҪȻᵽҽݣѰٿЩҩ


ԭǡȥ

ֱԼŵԲŪЩ˼оԼļеҪӲ࣬ĿİͰ͵ûû¡ҿ߹ȥ

Ӧ꣬ʶԡ


һ֪ݣ
а

ȵȵȵȣָĿڣҾҺöˣÿɣ

Ťͷʮֲͬؿ̫Լ塣
Ҳ˵һֳĺ󾱣ֱֻӽ˱ǿӲ뿴

ڻƣ˫糺죺磬˿ô죿

Ǻ⣺޷

޹գҲЩԼȥһỹǹ˳һ·ŵضΧλѧӴһðȻָָ㡣

·ƫƧߵͷҲûϹˡǼҽСݺֽһ·񾭷Դϣһ

һȴϢͬ͸ϣ·߹ǣڽǿ鲻֮С






53.  ѧ׷   Ĺ֪

ҽſ, ˷
ӳںǰӦòˡֵƤжౡҲ֪Ϊ˱߳ŭ, »ˡ

վƽ֮, Щβ, һֱ۲վס

诹, ű㽫Ŵˡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ŮõúܣǴк

ּ, 𷽲£诺ѵ, ֪ʲôʽ

ҽݼ, æӷּҩ, Բժ, ҩʲôӻɹˡҲҽݲüηÿѺ诵տеޣǵúʱʱĥЩ²ʽ

߽ҽ, ʵ֪ڣ

ȥɽϲҩˣʦֿѰ说Ϊ˴죬Ҳʼÿζһֻº诽Ҫ±㲻ˡ

ڣ
̫ˣ
ֲûסЦȻյĿ, Ͻס, ¶ź飬Ե˵֣ǻǸϽʽкҪæɡȻҩȥˣһʱҲز

С, ˻Ǵϻ۵ģĶԻµ£˵ֻҪҩץҩСҩˣλʦֿʲôҪҵ˵

׼˵£ͱȵǡ

λʦʱѵ¶ɫЩ棺˵˵Ҫ̫ɽ˲Żء

˰ɡ
Ǳ鷳ˡ

ͬʱ

诱ǽȻͬĻشŪ󣺡ţ

ҾֽЩʣΪ

ʦ㲻Ķʣ㿴诵ʵ

֪Լûܾˣֻϣܲͺˡ߻һСѧղܡ
ֻȻͷһ¶ˣȥĻᶼû
취֧֣ҪȥѺҪץҩץã￴Ҳʱ

𿴳뷨ƣܹԸ⿴ͺã鷳ˣȥҩǣ氢ֿ
תͷֵ֣ϾŮӣ¼ȨǵעһЩǡ
˵ͽҩȡߣȥڷҩĵĶץҩȥˡ

诽ִ䣬ţʾֽ

¶ɫɷ񲻰
νСֻǰϣҲǲУ

⻰ȴꡱһЦʦ˵Цˣвܿأ
ֵںãƵǰʦַģĹ֪˵ġ

⻰ֲվûס֪
˵ԼӦ̫ЩϽۣϣû

ʦ֣μ棬꣬ʱұ㲻Ϣ诳ɿգۣһɫСҲزס

Ȼ֪Ҳװˣ侲Ϊû˵

ʦȻԼ¶Ҫϲʦ֣ԸΪʦסܡ诶˶٣ʦǲˣ˭Ĳأ
̫¶ˣԺﶼӣѵһԼͬŮӣദûʮֺãȻԸҴֵ¡

ˡָֹ̾ΪϾԼ壬û˹ǣǵÿЩҩһ¡
˫۽ź诣֪Էʲô뷨˵󲻴˵ССӰԼνֻ

诽ָ䣬ɫ񷽲ǸֿЦʮС˵ӡ
ϢָջأȻֲ֪ʵԭ򣺡ʦ֣Ӧ֪ɣⲻʲô¡

ֽ֪£֣֪¡

ЦҵȻʦҰŸҺ׽ߣ˵ܣҲŲ˵ȥأ

ȻԸеǣҲû𣿡

û诰οҵֻҽ飬Щµġʦİɣ
ǰǿŮӣԶЩ£ʦ֣Ƕô׽ˣҿɲҲ㡮֡ѽ

ƺˣҪǺҲôУòˡ
룬ֻǾܾˣɣұϾüء

诱ҲĿƺֻǰ԰һֵĹϵǾֽ㣬ָ硣ܵҺһɣ

־Ůһϡ뿪һȴҪҪһšĵʵûֻܾѡ˸Եģǡǡָɡ

ָ磡诿ļˡ

ץҩ
ˣһᣬ课Ȼֹϵ˺ˡ
ֻи£𣺡־Ǻ£

ſھָǰЩ̫ˣתЩˣȥץЩҩʦעӱţҩȼձá

˵Ҳû⡰ȷʵֻҪšţٹվܺá
ǰҩʵЩ鷳ҽݺҩĻֲģʵвذҩķӣ

룬Ҹָҩɣÿճһͺã»Ӳˣܷá

仰ֻԺҪʡϾָҩѹеĲעЩȻðⲡʹ

һĻúЦ¾չ˵ٺãòҲǻ᲻ЦҲͣؿһۣתһ䷿ҩˡ

ֻϣԴ򷽲˵󲻻ʹ꣺֣ҩץô죿
µȷʵԽԽ٣ҲڰѸĹŪ˰ɣ

𲻻ش⣬ߵǰ˫ۣҵ㡣
ֱףּ֪ǵԼŷ¹ģҲû뵽һЦ˳Ͽҵر¶̬ȡ

Լƭ˼ΣûµģҲ˵ˣ⼸еˡ

𡰺ڲزסе⣺Ϊκ㡮ָ硯

գգۣܲ˵Ϊ请ԼŮӣԼһЩô͵˵ҽݳûԵֵãǡͶԵôҵġ
˵Ҳƭ˰ɣ
𲻸ˣʮأδǣ̫ƽ

δǱճ㣬˿ɻǺãҪ׽Ҳ޷
ܹǸϿܸܲһȥһֱһֻǶˡ

˵⳯ŮӼ֮Ҫʼ̸ۼޣлǾСЩʮĺֻǸСӣǶɼҵ

ɼҵͷǰ˵ϲŮӣɼҵˣ


㶼¡
ȷ׼Ůӳɼҵѽ

һʵѵӲܳɼҵ
˵޹·Ĳʲôġ

̬ȡ
ּȻԸӳɼҵǱζţԼ

Ц
΢סֵļ磬鱧ڻ
Ȼԡ






54.  ѧ׷   ̲סҪ

ץҩĵ¶, һҲδ̫áּҽһ죬м仹˴ߵʳ糿˳ĵķն֮Ժˡ

ϺΪƺõҩ, һ诵
, Ȼȥˡֶ԰͵ſڵĺ˵

ǵóҩ, ŵָ, »ʱ򣬽Ұ课ͺ

һԵɫԳ˼֣֣նл, ؼ

ʦ֣չ˺ָ簡, ȻҿɲŹ㡣诳뿪ıӰ



ź, ˻ᡣ

ֽڽմīıóȥ, Ƶȥԡϴ˸衣

Щʵ̫Ѵ, ֵֽšŪͬһͰÿնᱻ˴Ժɽ´ڱװģһЩõֽͷоԼ·һϸ
诵Ǻ˵, вĻȥæӸʲôѵģȴû뵽ôӡ
ǵÿȥһҽݣͺ˵Һ诰Ƿ񿵸˰ɡ

һˬصᣬѾ, 顣
ձǿ, ſбῴ顣ÿնҪдһƪ£С
ߵߣעѧգһʱ侹ŲĿ⡣

Ȼע⵽ˡ

ƽҪһѧϰ, 飬ġӲʣǸЩϢҲ١

Ŀеҳϣȴڶ˵ȥҴЪŰɡ
⻰˵ȻЩţⶼʼ졣

ֿԼͺͺĴ壬Լҹһ⡣

ǣ˯һŴ
еɡ
Ǹױ¶
һ˯ҶһƬô죿

ĳ̫ԣΪǲԸԼͬ˯
뷨ؿڷ·𱻶סһ㣬Щ죬Щܡ
ֻΌҲӦ죬βſڵҽҹ飬ȥϡ

ҲʶԼŵ̬Щˣ޷͸¶ԭ磬Ҳ˼ֻԼ˯಻ãӰϢˡ

ºҲ˵ȻܣͷʾԼ֪ˣ㲻˵

һͷ󣬼һѧϰӣҲٴţֻߵȥһһŴ

ֶֻഩһ㣬ȻЩƣеǰࡣ
Ӳɺã˫ۣԼܶ˯ˣô˯

Ϊŵ˯žǽռѾۼˡϤϢߣ֪˯˹ȥ

ɫˮԺһҲ

дһƪ£ŷѾҹˡ±ʣһʹļ羱վ߽䡣

סͷ谵ֻܽ͸ļƹ
ֻһ룬ǳڵһ㡣
ŵ˼Ҫǽߴ˵ӲԼ˯һŴϡ

վ£ɫ𪣬ӿűʮ·ˮ̵Ľëס˫鶯۾˯š
ƽȣһҲûвӦҲûиܵվŸˡ

һ޳ָ촽ϡﻹǲ԰׵ģһѪɫҲޣĵĶ
ȴ̲סҪǡ

ļձմżƷ˿ҡȴԡ
Щ˿ϲ谭ؼ
ôԺ󣬿¾ͷݵһ

鲻Խɼϰǰȥе˰ü
·ĽëɨϸܵĵٿƲס

ͷ˵ס촽Ǹʳָϡ

ضϧ̶ơ



֣㾹Ůӣһţʵ

ɫңʲ⣺ҡ磬Ҳǹƭġ
֣Ҫקסȴ˸ա

֡̾Ҷ̫ʧˡ

ǵġһֱҡͷҪԷԼĽ͡

㿪֣ڽŮӣȴӣңƭ㡣Īˣ

ǡ

һѹ
Լ侲еĻɢ


ǡԤ֪

вͬĴżĴϡ
ϽŤͷ߿տҲ֪Ѿ˻Ǹû˯

˲ε£ԼǰиҪ⡣

̧ӣµӡԼ
ַˣԼ˯˻ǱȽϹصġ

˼ߵ䣬˯ˡ»ѹд˵¡
һ֧ȼ

һҹ
ֲֻ𾪻ۣ£ϡ
Ѿ˶ȴǾ˯ŵ

ѵʱܿ죬˲ץס󡣷֮ɿôˣ
ͷɫʶԼ˯ˡ

ˣǽ󣺡磬ȥ˯ɣȥˮС

Ժһھÿ糿ϴƽϴѵˮǴͷġ
ֻ޸֮Ժʱ򻹾ʣһأĶĥ֮ͨҲԼˮˡ

ô˵£ȡҾС
˵ҲִӦȥ

ȡˮϴ꣬˱ȥȡ˵õı졣

ֲ뵽ն壬ҪȥѧõĻ»治֪ôˡ

·ϣǳΣ̽磬˵˵ʲôĻ᲻ң

ΪҪңʵ

ֺ磬һʼûģˡ
˵߰㣬ԼգҪ´ǣ˵һ顣ĻشѾ˶ߡ

ġͣ½ŲʲôҶ㡣

棬뵽ΪԼϹһҹҪѿڶ磬ҡСҪ㡣

ֻĻ˵һ룬ͱһϣ֣

бһ죬ȻҲҪȥᣬײǣ㼤شһ֡߻и˫ֿտյ׿

һٶ˥ߡ
ò׹˥ߣûټ˵ȥˣһۣʲô

ʻδȥģһ𰡣

ϯȻ˵õģȻʶҪԼȴʴˡɫشᡣ

ɰҲǡıŵ㣬ߵýסֻ¶һ˫С۾

һҲɣ죬˵ϣ³갡Ҳ˯壡

ʲˣűҪץ֣Ϲ˵ʲôأ

λƣһŤ㵽Ƶѽ

ȻҺ֣в֪Եɵĺ£ֻ÷źݻбվʲôӺ

ֱ׳ҲˣҲ뵱ӺҾҪֱң
˵껹һͷ­ˡ

ֱף޻˵űվԭأҲ

׿Χֺ֣αؽ档ȻԵżһȥɡ

˵˶˳̨£һۣһһȥ






55.  ѧ׷   Ժ棬ñ𡭡

˶ûšֽȡıŻ, Ǳһȥʳ

⼸ûʲôʳɴҪš
໹죬ŵ, ġ

Աѧ˵, ǵĿȥ
ѧע⵽Ŀ, , һϵ˵֪ԺȻŮӣ

ʲô
ôܣ
ļС㣿



Ǳ߾˷ŵָһ, ɵײ˴룬ӵʳ, , ߵˡ߿, ôˡ

ֺһס, ˾䡰û¡

Լѵﱩ¶ˣ
̲ס롣

ô֪ģ
˵
ӵЩûãǸ˾òԣȥ⿤

ŸЩʹŵ, ı𴩣ô졣
ڤ˼֮ʣȴǸѧͻأͣס˽ķ, һ䣺ѧ, ˵Ŀɶԣ

ĺ󱳼亹ʪ͸ǿװ򶨵̧ͷ˵ʲô

ѧЦһѧ֪ܲҽλĿɾ㰡


˵
һɡ

ҽλŮӵ²ȫԺ֪𣬻õ˵
ŵľ廯Ϊŭ, ޲ýõϡƽ޹ʰһţֲˡ

ѧӣýѧӻڲģ׷ʵ

ˣЩӳȥҽݵ±˽ϾԺΨһһλŮӣòֶȻСЩиѧӶĽͿ׽ֲ˳ˡ
һۣУλѧӣЩѧ˵ҽӡ÷ڣ˫Ŀ񣬺ӳ˵⣬ǸϽȥҽݿɡ

ѧվָ㣡

Ҳʳﶯ֡ͷʼԼ˵ࡣ

ѧָ죬һ˵ΧжڳЦʵڴȥĶӣܳʳ

ʷŲҲҪˤȥ˴ܹҲû飬׿סˡ
֣˵Ǻ˭

ûҽݺŮǸС⡣

Ҳû⣬ⲻǺ𣿡ʷ

˭֪ʲô

߳ʳʱ¡
ֶ̲ס棬ܲڸԷɣô

ϾѧԻĶݣҲ˼װûʦ֡

ʦܣɡ¿ˣλʦҲڣϲλʦˣͬҲغʦˡ

ʵһʵʲôͬ

ЦŽͣλʦܻ֪ѧ֮λ·ְ࣬λʦ׵ȣձǼװѧˡΰǿԵѧ⡣

лʦ֡ȥлֱ꣬ˡ
ʶ˲ԣҲ׷ȥһȥΡ



ǰһųĺֽʮѧӵдϡ

һ׿ĽǼ׵ȡ
ڶλƽﲻѧӡ

ֱַŵģǵҵȣǼ׵ȡ

ʵǼ׵ȣȴǱȣ

ǰѧӶȥװѧʣµѧȥࡣ

ʣǶҵѽȥ˵ҽ̵ġЦ

ľȻ׵ȣʲôʱôˣ𾪡

ת𣺡ôҵȰЩ϶ѽ

㲻ᡣ

סһǶûװ࣬Ҫһ𵽱İȥ

ôʡ

ԡ

ЦֳĬ

ɼȴˮƽ
ȻһѾ겮ȻԺѧȷǵ˹⣬дҲȷʵǰ۳⡣

ѧͷͷһᣬҪȥҷһˡ
𿴳뷨Ҫһȥ

յѧðúܣտֻйһˣд㡣

ֳҾѧ֪

£ӷ±ʣ̧ͷ

겮֮£ʵѧȷд˰˹ֽţȴȡġֽŲ֪γѧСǿһĿԼ޹ء

ǡݺ

Լĺӣ˵겮Բ٣ǵȷ⣿

üʷԣȷʵ͵İ

Ӵϵȿ֪ȡԺΣ

ⲻ͵ģҲЩˣ⹨ƽôᵹϺͿˣ

֤ԣʵ

־ÿЦҵȡʱΪλҪ֪£

ҺɣѰ

Ҫ޻˵̹£ΪЩ飬ô飬¾Ͳѽ

˵Թ˵Ҫȥ֤Լδ֮£ҵɷҵȷУָ֤Ⲣй¶

ӴЦӦֻǼԱ硣

ԣҵ޷ҳ֤ݣ֤ҵԡ޷ҳ֤ݣ֤й

ֹסЦ⣺˵⣬Ǳˡ˵й⣬λѧӻأ

ֿˣյĹǹȥ뷽跨Ҫˮá˵ҵָΣ

Ժ棬ñԺӴ˴Լĺӣֻһ֮£ֻң¾˭ǡ

ſڣ⡪

Īȡָֽݸһ֧ʣȥдֽϡ˾ѧӣѧӣ

ֲҪλ⹨ӵԴϣͷǲǶˮҪƹѵʱҪͬ
˱Ƶ˹ȥʱ𣬿ԷɫëʵľȻЩź

Ժ棬ñԺ
˾ѧӣѧӣ

뿪ԺҲνһüμӺͷԡԣǵԡ
Ȼ뿪ԺܶĲŻ޴󰭣ȴָΣ

ôã᲻дԼ
뵽תǰ꿴һۣеͷ۲ѡ

˫۽űʼ⣬нŶ
ϢĹȴо춼Ҫˡ
˼ȥűʣջڽ׵ֽ֮д˼֡

дֽ֮תһֱվڶߵĹӡ

ͬʱתûпŵֽЦЦﶼΡ

ֽڹд򿪡

Ƶּϡ
ûдκ˵Ǽ򵥵ľӡ

Ҷ޹ء
Ϊ






56.  ѧ׷   ֣һֱҡ


չɿ, ˼װ࣬ÿҪȥѧҲһ䣬ǵЩ

ÿܶ˯һ, ˵ú, î˾ѧϰ, Բٻص, Ҳ䵽ҰȥһһԶ

ҹ̹ףΪҪԺˡ
ֻǶ档Ǹͯ󻹺㶼ҪΪˣֻ뵽δ, ȻԩŲδдԼĴ

ͬ

ǶԸԼδ£ΪԼ, Ϊ˶Է

ӿǶ˵Ĵ𰸺, δΪ, ǽ֮ǰ½ҹ̸ѧʶ, ĵĻ֡
󽻴ֻ֣Ҫ֮ĿԶܱ֤ڼ׵ȣڼװ࣬㲻ᶯΡȷ, Ǳ㵽´οԺ»ࡣ
ĴʽֶЩжѧҲˡ

װ౾ʮѧӣΪʮѧϻʱ̫, ճʮλ, ԭҰѧȥʣ°˸ԭȵıࡣ

ˣʮλѧǻʶǸյѧЩ

ڼװࡣͬΪ, δڣδȡ֡òǲףվһһů磬һ˵Ǳֵܣϵá

ֶԴЩ⣬˵˹ϵôãΪδͬʱ֣

ʱ򣬾ʶ˱ѧ֮ʱվڸ̨ϣһǵˡ
Ȼ˶ûкɫ

´Ҳʶ񣬵ܾú߲̫ϲԼÿؿĿⶼЩԼǷǮһ㣬ֱȴǰʶҪĮ
ѾԺеļ䣬ҲΪԼʶֻ˱־룬ܲ㲻档

˵װһʮˣǷֳС壬ҲǴ󲿷˱šȴϵѧӶ̫Ѻá
ǰλѧӣ֮ʱͷʾãż𣬷·ʲôһ㣬ҿһۣæŤͷװģ
ȥ˵ϻ˼һֻ־ʡ׿¡
ԴҲ⣬ܹģ֮ͬ䴦ʹҲӲҪѡ

װķûֻѧݸЩǽµʱҲЩԺͷôλӣҪת

ѧϰ״̬־ʱ÷ɿ죬δعѾ붬ˡ

ѩɽϵԺȴͬյʮ£˳ѩ

˷ܼˣδۼѩԺǳǳһѩʱԾԾԣҪȥ档

סֻһЩʵ˫ְãֱѩ飬ӡ

ѩ񣬵ʤԺӴѩѧûȫѩܱ档
ֹ˼ѩҪѳһѩˣôûŪԲ󷴶ԽԽΡʵڿȥˣְŪ£ŪԲ

Сѩڴѩͷ׼СѩŪ۾磬ȥźɫ
ʹԽԽǰҪ䣬ڿھǸԷ¡

ˣҲʲô⣬һֱַѩϣתͽȥӡ

ôһ֮󣬾ͼʴˡ

˻ŶԷѩ򣬷úܡ˵㣬ûôܲ˺ö£ֻ׿ȣ֣ҡ

ѽʣӮԮֳ֡Цˣ֣ȷţҰִ򵹣

룬ֶˣҲֻ˼ѩ
׼ͷɱֺöˣһͶһ׼ȫʵĺϣѩӺȥӵ䣬ˡ

ֵЦЦ֣ӽӹѩԴϡ
ʲôӺأ
ȥʳøܲ
룺ûбд˵ëʰ

ôһᣬʵв١ĸͷȥڿģддű㻵ˡ

תԼӣȥá

ʵѩ˵ıӲʣ¸ˡһȦҲû뵽ʲôôģֻôӱ˸Ŀ֦ŤŤģҲЦݡ

֣ѩеӣʼӣƳ޵

ֺǫ飺ǿɲ

ѩûСүȡһ˼ʲôأ

үģѾȡˡְѩ˾ͽС֡

ûף֣ʲô

ֽͣǿԿֵ˼ҵָȡ˸֣г֡ɣ

Ȼû⣬С۾ҪȥˣԹ׿ѩ֡



һѩѧǵ鶼ȼˣÿ죬ȥҲ졣գǱ㶼ֽŷٲѩˡ

壬ת䣬ɽҩҲˣһȥһҽݱ㹻ˡ

ڱͷӣǾ䡣

Ǵʳġ
Ϊ̫䣬ʳﶼѧʱ̿ȥȡҲΨһһԺġʳ

ֲϲζǸ뱻ðˣֻű͹һڣŻ𣺡磬ҲȾ纮ġ
ϰԵذοԷʱǶ·Ǹޣһˤһ
ûµġĿͷձҪ˵һ䡣
Σ仰ƺûá

ɫֱͷѩ䣺纮С¡

ֲԣұ֤עӵģ
˵ְùʣµĽˣʾԼľġ

ƽգָҪ˵䣬ȴӹ㲻˵תȥ䡣

Ծ

ϸ˼ǲʲôˡ
ѵǼװͬĹ
Ӧòںµˣοһֱߡ

ѩ
졭


ˣ
ʮ³ֿӡҲļա

ְյ̾һϽ´ѡ
ߵڿߣԥƬ̣ʵ磬ǲˣ

׼ҳָأضס֪Լǲ¶ˡ
壬Ǽһ̣飬֪˳ɫڰԺѧһοġ

ɫãȻݣ
궼ڽԭأ׵ıǰߵݡԶڰμݣ

ɫ磬⣺ҳȥһˣһ

Ҫȥģ

ȥһ׼ֳգۣܿ

ԺͷȻûֽǮҲû
ʳӦ㡣ʳĳʱɱЩ˻żһ·棬ϴ
ǮѰĳ˼
Ϳԣﻹв١

ֽǮȴǸ£Ժͷⶫأ

ʱһǳӳǣ֪ļ첢ԼֽǮֱֽġ

˵λȵţƿʧֻʴ̣Ųѧϰֽѧþտֽúüˣϧʱֽ࣬Ҳȥ
ҹΪ֮գ跹˼ȥˡ
ҾƶûʲôֵǮӱ㽫ֽ˸ᡣ

˭֪պ˵ЩȥֽүǾŻ˹
Ӵֽ˱ǳΪ˼ķס
һвŵһƲ߰ˡ

˵ֻֽҪѰֽǮˡ

һҪļ֮ﾹȻŪ߰˰ˣǿǿˡ

ڰϣ˵ȵϣǾѰľĵطҽݵС߾͸պãǶҲ࣬տúܣЩѩȼҲ׳¡

û뵽ģ׵Ļһʱþò

뵽Լʱ뿪һʹֻ࣬ۡסͷԼߣ磬ѹĻͿһɡ

ǣûзԼֻǱ˫ۣһֵϢʵ֣һֱ𣿡

һġ
ֵ˳ķ˿ŵ






57.  ѧ׷   Ӳ񣬷ǲ


֮¹ȥüա

ָƽ״̬, Ҳ¡
ȴ֪˿ˣͱ˳˵ʱ, ѾԺ

˵ǰЩԺɽǶֽأ
, ֽʲôĪӣ

˵ʲôǸ˵գ
⡭Ժм֮£
ǰ, Ҳ֪ɽָ֪δ



߽ѧñѧ۴¡üͷ΢, ҹעܿˣôǱ˿
οѧ˵ҲȫԣѡĵطǺɽ, ҽݲԶһյء
Դֻ֮һˣδͬе֡

ҪȥǼλڱ˵ĵ˺ú˵һ, ȴΪ, ֻһѧáԺΪӵ, ֻðԼλ, ſκȻҪǼѧ鷳

Ҫǡǡ

ӱ֣ߵߣʥ˲أڹ񡭡
һƪ׼ѧʡ

ׯվ, ʵΪӲ񡯣ν֮

仰ԡ˵ġǡ̫ϵ
Ӳ, ʵׯѧӷſΣ

ׯȻûע, һô¡ءӣŵϿ˵ʲôҲδ
ֱӻشʵӶֻ֧֧ᣬѧΪ˾, һʱ֮Щ񡣡

ǡƣ¹֮ҲԴ˳֮Ҳ֪ׯѧΪν⡣

Ͼ徭ĶˣѲסׯԴߣͷߣ뾴һҪϴ˳顣

ףǡˣ㷽֮ʣпд𰸣

ׯ⣬ʵ⣿

λѧԸׯѧӽ󣿡ӲͣתҪѰһλѧ

ѧǳӲ񣬷ǲҲԶ֮ƽϿʱΪĬȻǵʶܴϣǵ㵽Լͷϣǲشġ

յתӡ

ӿһۣ֪Ǻˡ

ѩҹĸһ£ɽ
²ΥԺ棬ҲԸܣֻȥǡ
ɽҡþӳãЩ鱳˽÷Ȼп˸ʲôҪЩǳ桰ֹˡ

ׯ⡣ʵѧԣҵ辴Զ֮Ժ֮йָ֮Σ

ʱۣ֪⻰Ϊȴ˵ƣʵ²֪ׯѧָΪΡ

ׯ͵͵ӵɫһۣȷӲżѧӺαװģԺ徻أλͬѧģѧȴҹֽŪ񲻻

ô˵ּҪվסվŵ꣬һȻδׯĻŭΪׯѧ֪Ϊֽ

ΪΣ˼װ࣬ԼѧǳִټֻŪЩ֮ˡׯȻ֪Ϊ˼ԼףԸǰ˵ɴ˵ЩĻһ

˫Ŀ䣬ׯʼԼǷ̫ϾǼֽҲʲô£ԺҲʵ˵Ҳһֲ˺á

ˮǲգֽգĸա׶Զѧĸ׹·ڼ硣˼УżһȫТԱТġׯѧΪɣ

ׯ˵ҭסԺ˵˹ûʣȻԺͷ£ѧҪĸף֮顣ԺϾǸѧ֮أƽȾϹ֮ͬǽѧ£ָǺã

ׯѧѧòá̲ˣվׯׯѧӷԡӲ񡯣ɴʱʱ޿̽񡯹ߵģǡǡׯѧ㰡νТΪȡТУȴڰڮˣʲô˵Ŀģ

㣡ׯûϵֻ˵ǱȻ˵Ļɴδִϣ˾ȻԼӲҪѧкθϵĪѧҲҪף

⻰˵̫񶾣޷Ǽȥǳׯѧԡ

ׯʶԼڲԣòֵǸѧˡ·һʱ죬ĪҪ⡣

⼫ˣɫׯѧӿҪѧѧʥ֮ԣҪʥ֮ġԣҲʥ֮

ׯ֪ȻߣȴҲ޿κΣֻٶȷѣѧӼТģڼТǣαԺ

ʥԣ꣬Ȼڸĸ֮֮ɥ֮ɥҲТ꣬ĪׯѧΪʥʱƫģ뵽ԣҲׯѧӵȷδǡһ񷨶֪

ׯƿԣΣѧǺÿڲţׯĳ

ǣǶЦЦׯѧӳҲлдТ
˵㳯һ

⻰뷽ׯ˵ֵǾһޣֻǸһЩڳ˭ס

㡪ׯָֿӣϣղźǳԼһǳ𡣿ӻδţǶ۳ǡΪϿΡ

ÿιü졣ֱҪȥׯʾ˭Щģȴһ¿αĶӣ˵Ļᡣ

վѧűߣׯıӰЩΡȴҲ׼Լ׷ȥתҪȥ

ס

ʦܡһϮ£Ժͳһַ·ϾǱʣԼй
ȴǸ쳾ˣʦܽίԭҲʦ޹أʦһԣʦԶЩúá

ȻѾһˣϾ±ѧһֱԷʦ֡ɴδƺô
ƽĶۣЩȷʵһֱڰ𱻰֮ͬʱճһЩ£λʦǡôṩЩ

ֺȻ֪ׯȵ֮ΪûԼĴˣҲλʦʾ
¶ãЩ֮ȴδǶʱ׽

һЦʦ˵ЦˣʶСλӰҶꡣЩС󣬺ҳݡ
ԵˣۣҲѡԶЩ鷳¡𣬲ٴĥѣҲ뿪Է
¶˵Ȼ˻Ϊ˹ϵжãʦֻ֣ͷңȸˡ

ת߽ѧãһԣ֪µĻȥ˶١Ͼͬһģе˲ϲԼȴ΢΢ͷ˸к

֮ʣźߣӽ֮






58.  ѧ׷   Ȼ


Ժﲻ, ѧ﷢ʲô£һգ˱֪

Ī񾯸һ, ޹úܡʱӽˣʱʱ
һҵЩˬ, ˵ǸʲôԸбѣΪʲôô˳ۣ

಻, ͬϣٽӴ, Ȼ˵ʲô
αˡ

ΣҲˣֻǸоԼʵЩԩ, ·Īʲôһ㡣뵽ׯϿʱ֮£磬˸Ҽǵһ·϶û˲ǡ

ȷʵ, ҹȻ־Щ, ע, δѧ, Լ֮±¡

Ϊʲôңô֪أԼʼδ֮

һ·ϲδ棬Ψʱо¶ǰˣӦǸʸ֮ġѵΪߵýԲŻƣ

Ҳԡ
Щѧ֮ʱ, ֪׵ļա

ѧ֮Ϣÿ죬˽֮£֪Ҳж١֪ĸˣܲµ׵ļա

һ˵, ײֽ, Ϊβ²ڼ

뵽ֺȻЩƲ⡣
̧ͷ׼˵ͬ, 뷨

ʶ㡣
˵йʽ

ͬʱ˵

ȥ֮£Ӧֻԭص˲֪ҪôרѰ˴̽ϢҪôԺѧʶǶ˽⡣
Ժ粻ͬ˵ѧǰ̽ϢʵǲܣֻǺߡʶ

ֽԺѧҳһݣҪΪѧ֮໥ʶһ£ڡ治ʶ

̫ųѧѧ֮ʱܶδʼ顣ų֪ѧӣ׿ȡ

Զ

Ŀ档
𣿡

ȻӦ֪ԭʱ£һֱˡ˵ⱨҲǲܡ

ɡ
ϻΪ˴Ȼͽ⣬ѵֱˣ

֪еĻɣʱǡ
ԶȻŰ裬ҩҲǸװģӡ

ȥִ⣬Ҫȥ²ܺͷԶûйϵܹҲ¡

𲻷ȥһ

ҡҡͷԶǻȢҺϵôãôġһģȥܻ˵
˵ʵڵģԶûʲôޣִҲҡҲڳԶһ˴ģء

̬ȼᶨҲû취ֻȥˡ



ԶʵѧϻѧʱֵҰࡣ
ʵõ֤ѧҲٱ˵Ժˡ
Ҳ˼ֿѣľǸЩ

ҵʱһλ̸ͬһƪ¡ǡ̸꣬ѧӿҷԶ£Ծһ

ȻǿԺˣǽ١ԶҲû뵽ͻȻΪʲô֣ҿ£

ּ̬Ȼʣµһ㻳ҲԶıﴫԣӦк
ǰЩӣ֮£˵
Ըһԭѯ֮ʣ²òó𡣼ǿҲġ

ȻԶ
ѴԺǲ֪Եù졣
ˣׯϵϯʴš

ֲӣֱ⣺֪Щ˻֪׵ļգ

ʻԶüͷǸˣȻ⻰˼㻳ң

ȵȷЩ˿֪㡣ֲԼ֮ǰ뷨ȻЩТĻеġ

Զɫش⣺˵˭֪ԺλѧӣҲһλһ֪

˵أֻżӣֱ˵ɡ

ִӷԶ³񡣡

δϵģظһ飺֪

һʱ˵ףԶ£˵ԭ԰ףű޲ڡǰұ֮ʶĸԸཻ

֪ìܵ㡣
ľЩơ𲻰İ˽ύҲûˡ

Ȼô˵˸ǻ£ȻͷʾԶ

֮úܣɴѰԭؿϵǴ˵¡ǴʱƶԵʻᣬ˵һλķۣԽ̵ĸȥǷĴһȡ˸԰ơ

ֻط֮󣬲˵ü򵥣ˣֲ֪֪࣬Ӻ
û뵽Զ֪Ļࡣ
£¶ԸŲŲϸ˵˵Ǽ¡

ԶֵؿһۣЩֻ˵֮ǰ̵ˡȻȤҲں˵䡣
˿ڲ裬Լ֮ǰͳͳ֪֡Ǽ飬ȻԸЩ߰¡

Щ£̲סҪûĪػȥûѪȹװͺˡֻͣԺһ˲޾ϸ˽꣬Զ˵

ʹЩԭص֮Уһİҫ֪ԺСѧӶԺԺ˵ѧ֣ȵԷͷŽ˵ҫλѾԺ֮нѧ񡣡

׷ʵʶ

ԶºȤʱúܣԼҲҪϰԺȻûԺľ֮飬δѧӵҫ֮ϾֻԺ飬ԼȴҪԺͷˡ

ֻʵǽЩߣٲҲȥЩһīիʶһī֮꣬ʱɼһλ꣬īի֮Удһƪ¡߹ȥһ㾪ΪˣҪ֮ύԴ˶˱˺ѡ

˵ԼĻɣֻǼд¡Ҳ²⣬ͷγΪֿ֮½ɡǾ˰Ժ˵ȥԼйˡ
µҲûԺͷűֻ¹ϵЩΪǱֵ֮ʡҪ˵Ժͷһżϵ׽ֿƣʵǲܡ

ʵأ
˵񶼻ֻԭءһֱԭУָǺʱԺԣ

ԭشһˡ˵˹գһֱ硣ԶвˮҲֻ֪ôˡ

лֻһ²֪Ǽǰ뿪ԭ֮ʱ

Զ˼һ᣺ǻᣬ˵꣬ǰɡ

ǰ
뿪ԭǰҲȥһꡣ
ǰصգʱպöϡ

Ժ
̹ǵڶߡ

ֵһ
Ȼ






59.  ѧ׷   û˻á

ֽӷԶǶ¸

Դ, 벻ͨ޳ԹΪʲô뺦ǰ

Ǻҡ

㲻͵ںңǺֽǻΪһ̸
뵽ԺͷЩ, һȴĲ²⣺, ˵, εׯָʹ, ϻҪǸ겮Ҳָʹɣ

ʱ̸겮֮£ɵ㡣
˿ǵԼļװλñȥʵȴð˴ķ, Եʵ׽
ָʹǵܽ͵ͨˡ

겮ѾԺѧ, Ҳְյشһ, ԼʵЩ

ֶŪ, ۵ס, ʱ಻֪֮£뵽㣿
۴⣺ׯ˽⡣׳⣬״ãʮϿ, ѧżȻҹ£вƽҷѡ

żȻظһ飬Ҳָ֤һһҹȥ, Ҳ֤Գ֮𣿡

ѴԺ, λҳԴͷ
ӣ֪ЩʲôңҲʮֻ񡣡
ϵ׽²Ÿע⡣ѧһֱӽ, ЩǧټֽãԶԼʵ޷ɡ

ȴЩ֣㻹˭ѵǷԶ磬Ҿÿ϶

ǡ֪Ѿܾ£ԸǰˣֻԹ⣬Ѱ֤ݡ֪Ϊ˾಻ΥԺ棬ͬá

˵ǡʹԺѧ֤ǸĴ֮Ҳû塣ׯֱָʹģ߽Щ֪Ϣ֪ׯϹˣһ㱻յ֤ݶûС

Щߣѵôˣ

ᡣ΢̧ʻı飬Щů⣬ֻҪԶЩ˵ļԼԡ

ֲ˵ƶ̲סˣԭҲû˵ʲôѽʵ˵Ļָο˻Լý

ȵȡ
ƺЩԡ
ԼΪλнԼƲɾѵǴԼĻͲׯǺ



ջǲ֮
ԭҪˡ

ѧǶʼƻؼҵ£˴֮ͬ·Ļһߡ⿤ѧʹǷҪͬУԶʹ

ּҪأҲһˡ

磬Ҫһؼҹ𣿡һ·Ͼܾ˺üλֻͬͬص͸ϽȻûܾ˭һȥأ

ϵǣĲδӦһ𣺡ˡ

ЩȣѿڶѵҪһԭ

²Ҳ̲סһۣ·˵ô뵽˵Ҳòܣ˻һûܺȻ֮͹ϵá

εЦЦΪʲôһ𰡣

е鷭Ҳ׼뿪Ժ

ûϵش𡣵ϸƺҲЩûˣȥԭҲǴ飬˵ȷԺС
Ҳʵ̫µЩ

Ժиֳ´ѽ֮ʣҼһȼӭŴ磬վƣһáΨһ˹վɽԺͷͺ磬Թꡣ
ۡ

ҪһؼҰɣҵ׶ܺõģһиر𰮵ҵĵܡã

ᣬ˵ܽԼ˵
ʱڣھƣԼڻЦ̻¶ܣӦҲɣ

㻹иãδЩ档

ѽִ⣬ȸ̵棬ԺҲ̫ѣͬʱһĸͬòʮ¡ƢҲãҺö

Լԥֻ˵øԼؼҡ

𲻳ף֣ϣþòƿİûʲôģֶ̲ס֮ʱŵѼ㣬αټˣ

û˻á
ԣûмǵıҪ

ַ·֮⣬ЩˣֲԼļƻҡ磬ѵҵǶ϶ʮϲ϶ɫġ

ƽᱻŵͣԵƫһЩǰ̫עЩοֻͬԼ롣ɫ壬ֱֱҪԷȥ

ҳָ˶١

˵ԼиáλŮӣܱȵϣ

Ȼ˾ҴʱҲδüֵ׼֪ԼҪǵĶӹߣ˵һ㡰ɫ
Ѹ֪ɽ̿ҵ²˶䶯

ϵʧڣѾô˵ˣɽ˵ˣҲҪԷˬԼ
ʲôʱɽҶ֪

һֿʱָȻԼ¡

㱻Ӻȥдҵ֮ʱǡɽ

ֵİ˹ĻЩһ㣬ڱ໹ܻ죬˼װ࣬ʱʱҪȥ⣬дһƪ¡
ϸĽѧʽ£µȷС
оȥڼװҲǲܡ

ǺðɡҵʱЩ鳾䶨ֻ˵

һԵֽʣ׼дţԺżٵ£˳ʺһ

ƽæҲдϵĻǸ˵ܵˡϾԺлЩεģʱʱ꺮ů˳ЩƱҪԺһֻһţ޲дš

ԺĵڶգûԺ¾ͱ¶ˡ

۰ҲӲһٷֱӽڼͷ£ţҪѡТС
ʹడҲ֪Լò׽Тֱ꣬׵ץȥӿˣҲǶôɡ
뾭ϵȷЩ츳˼õӣҲˡ
Щӵǹ࣬Ʊ˲١

ֲǵһд飬һţȴĿбӣ͵дݡ
򣬴ʱʱĳġ㡱֣֪˵ˡ

һдֵ꣬Ƭ̣ī˲۽ŷ֮СдλãսԺרŵ˱ܼĹȥˡ

Լֽڴ֣Щɻ󣬲֪ڷʲô

磬Ҫд𣿡

Ժֽضģдö࣬ľͶЩӲдţûϹʱ˭ȴûֽдһʡ

ǡҡͷ
ֻǱ˫Ӱҡμʮָƻס

Ļϸ׵ָߣ
ҪҪסٲɿ






60.  ѧ׷   Ķ


Ժʮ߱㿪ʼż, һֱŵԪ

ֵ뱻ܾˣڶԺۣɴȥ˷, ˵Լڳȥ, ҪԺͬһꡣ
һʼûŮȥ, ֻǱϾѾС, Ҳȥˡ

־ԼԼǺܺõģҪֻҪܱͬ⡣ع, ٻأǸܼܵú, ҪԼԺĥĽû, ˵ҪؼҺúò
ÿնųԷԲЩ, Щӻעһʳ, ܾܵԼԺˡ

Ѿ£㲻ʰֻһϲδ¡
͵͵ȥʳҳ˰, дŸ˸Լ͵㶫
˺üգڸʮǰŪá



ʮһ硣

Ժѧߵ߰˰ˣѾؼˣϤֻʣһˡ

ΪϱҪɽ, һֱû˵Լ׼ʱ뿪ȵʱĩ, ˻ûѡ̫ɫֻ̫ðѻ˯ŵ˺
֣ʱĩ, ʱɽһ̡
Ҳ֪ûǰźûУԼԽ͵ɽȥܷġ

⼸ռƻһ£ÿһڶֲܳҹ˯ǰǽŵúܣֱǵڶվҪϿһԺ˼飬뵽춼˲˯š

Ǹڳͣô̵˯һҲûѹ˯֮䣬ڽǿƤ˸ֻӿյĴʵʲôɽ

ҹĺǸɵģ˵ȻһֱעӿжϳʻֻҲ޷⡣

Ϊ˯Ϳˣѵղؼô

ذˣһʱ飬ʵ˵˳
ʶԼ˵ʲô֮͵ؾѣӴϵ򴲱ŵ꣺ǣ磬ҡ
˵ſˣȥˡ

˵һ䡰ءʱ𻹲δɣֻ˯ûױشˡķӦȴЩ֣ݽšͣ۵ЩǺͻң·˵ʲô˵¡

ղ׼ȥʮˡڴϰţѾͷѵ˵
ǽղߣ̸ֺҹꡣ

Ҳ֪ԼûбĽڿ˵˵Ҳ
̹װɡ
ˣΪԼ˵ɽ³ϿҵǸȷʵ𣬽һ޹磬ϲšһѽ

ʲôʱ˵𵭵ʵ
ϲɫȴϲġ

֪˹ϵܣ˵ʱд֮£ǰЩ˵ҪؼҼãԴʮεġ
ûԸΪԺꡣ

ͺ񡭡
ͺԼҪһ㡣
Ķ

ұ׼װɽȻĻͷͻȻһһʮؽԼļƻ㵽ʱ򿴵ҿ϶˻ˡɣ
˵ҲЩȷһʵϲһ˹ô죿
ķչȷƻû⣬Ϊֱӽ˻ʮֱӶ̹ϵر¶ϲ

ֻٵȻпյİиֵǣһɽֻǲɽô죿
ɽϻлѩͲȣһʲô£붼¡

ֻıƣⲻǻû»ز
Ѿ͵˵ãٻȥǶӦ

˵ҲĴ󣬱ϾԼһңȫӵԺ˼µ飬Ҫ˳һٻȥǾҲʮַġ

⿤磬յ׽ţ˵Ҫæ˵˵ɴ߶ϣڸҽĳأ

˵ͬˡ
ѾǵĽ»ʮżİ

˭⿤궼ʺأҪôйڽǵģҪôһԺֵģҪǸʵŮװܰЩһ
Ժ⣬ͷѧӽɾǲڴҲû˲ٹģҲ¡

ǵûؼңЩʧ䡣
֮ϲ಻ֵҪ󣺡ɽ

ЦЦûӦӦнԺſڽңҳԺžͺá
ȻѾ¶ɴ𴲣ڡ

Ѿʱĩˣ𴲾ֱȥʳšȻѧǷż٣ʳģһԺ˵ķûġ
ϾɽԼӣҲԺͷ꣬׼ɽ

ţ˳㽫Լ׼ʳĴᡣ

ֲһ֮ʼϵĳء

ѲڹͷVȡһͭƵĴߣײֻţοգŻֿ̿ʱøպֱӾͰ

ҹ׼Ʒϵζ

к˵ڷϴɾַź߲ˡ
ҺԺǿھҲᱻȻϴǼ鷳¡

Щ̺ãҲæһʱ

ȻҪæֻԸһЩϴӵ£ؼĲ軹Ϊġ

ʱյڒˡ

VͷˮǷˡûʲôףԧҲִܳʳЩԼĥ˺üգڵһǰԳıĵϡ

գ̫ɽ磬Ѿûʱǰˡ

ֿǵȫߡʳġסʱŵװס
㲻֪Ҫą̃Ժӽ䣬֤̫ûҲܿӰϳԻ

ľˮڹﹾðݣڵִչȥ̱Ũؿڳ

źԺһ̳һߣо˫ůģӾͷ⡣

ֻƬõ⣬ﵶտֻһ£ܽЩе㱡Ȼ̲ۡסҪܳţͺ
ţ⳯Ҫĸߣ˵͢ʲʳã㲻ֹҲûʲô˼ýţɱԡ

п꣬ߵڿԼôţ⡣ֻһ˵ɲıɽֵţϲϽڰֵ磬棬Щ͹ҳԵ
˵꽫ѾİŵԼ˵Ļ쳢ĥأ

ʱϦʣɫȾͷĲ񷡣Ŷռ͵죬ϼӳֵϣ·Ǹһϼ£Ź⣬Ҫϡ

۾ˮѬģݱŹ⣬ȴŵ˫Ӹ˲ֵ֪̻뷲ӡ

뵽˵еţ֯Ů

ǸţˣǷҲǼǼʵҲ޷òҹԭ

ְסſӵ֣ŵǿת˸ιֿС
ǰӣʳҲֻܳþðԡ






61.  ѧ׷   չѵöɹġ


ֵ֮, ͷسϻȻ߹ԼԷĵֿ
ŵùķԵûðˮ

ȷ, Ȼ͵, סٺˡ
гĲʳˮϴ, ȥЩζ, ٸʳá

ֵ촽÷·Ĩ֬һ㣬źȵˮһȦĴߣˮ, ģ΢, Ų˫ۡ
ò, µˮȻʼͶ, ֳֻ˼ھ͸о, ɴͣ׼Ъټ

αиѲغõСӣҹɫ΢, ֮ȡ磬͸㣬Ըнգн񳯣
Ժġ

µľбݵǰ, Щ, ӹڴĿ½֮򿪡
һöε˿ϡ

񻷲󣬱׹ΣϷŻۣ·, պÿϵ䡣
ûϵֻһʱ˵

Щ̫ϲ
ЩĹżջѡ񻷡
磬ұ׼һö񻷣iһĵһ꣬һ顣ģͬҵһ㣬ʹײˣҲվиԭһա

עʱöiԱߣϧúܡiȱϾⲻҪҸԼҪͳĶϡ

ǰ⶯ָ֮Ħ·ڸЩ֮еꡣԭϵŵöiȡ£񻷡

֮ǰi䣬ǵȱķâ֮ʢЩˡʱһԲƽ񻷣ĵȥͬкһ㣬ø

ȡһңݸ֡
ǰΪֽҪ⿤׼ɽ֮ʱֻ֪һǹûŻͳ

ʱǸոպá

ɫѳֻȼһԡ뵵ˮ࣬ԾỺ֣㣬Իˣ갲

û뵽ԼҲ۽üҶȾЦұ

á

⿪ҿڵᣬһ˽𲭵ֽš
ƽֽīּ

õǿ飬һһֻм򵥵ĸ֡
޲Ϣ֡

Ŀʱ˿ΨһԸ
ϣ֤ϵˣֻ޲ʹ

ַסֽȣ½Ūʲôֿ⼸ӡУŽŻȥֽպá

ö񻷡ʱǶȱʧȫһķ϶
ǼδԴͷϵĲʹȴʼձǹţڽɢдµĸּ֮С

ǶڽֲʱźڣóڴĽ

ֲ˴Զʱ⡣



һ΢΢ž죬ѹڱеֳѡ
ܹ鲻˯ˣɴһͬԺʦǰȥ

ڳɹջƪΪ֮־ڷҲȥˣǺȥҽݸףʡ

һʵ̫죬ȻûȥٵطָоԼ·ͷһգ۲ѣȥԡڴֱߺߡ

Ժѧӻؼҹãյģƽĵȥԡ£һҲúˡ

űýζɴ෭ſڴϣ˫Ȼʱʱ
ûҳͱ˴ˣȡ֮ա

գգۣŻˮ΢ʪµĿӳ˼˵磬ô

ֻ£ȻĴߣǻϷһԵİϣôۣ

ַ˸빻ǻȴΪ̫ԶҲò
Ȼ̧ͷдšҵ黹ҡ

ԷûзӦʼô·ſȺۡ˵鶼Ҫ

˵һͨҲĽ

ůͣҲû˫ŷڴϣױ㱻С
ֱͻĴд̼زʲô

ûȵĻش𣬷ϵӦڸţ

찡
뷨ˣҪջΪԼǾ䡰ôϽ磬飬𡭡ҵĽˡ
仰˫Ʈ죬˼Ȧû˵ڡ

ͷĻ̧ͷ
ϣ̧˫ķ˿ƽˣмУ˵ۣ

ҡǡۣǡ㡭
ǰʵ̫Щʵ̫Ӧ

˺˵·̫࣬ȽҪһչǣֻʹ𵭵͡

ʱ˵۵£û뵽ʱͼ˺诸
ʶԼû취ֹˣɴ۾ȥ

ʧȥӾзڼϵָذѹȣԷΪձʶĥı룬С

ϵ˫۷ǵûƽŴһий١
⴫з·ӵļ⣬һһģֻܰͷͷװӱܡ

δ£ȥҽݶΣѨλġֻǸ֪ҪذѹЩѨλӡ

е˫С磬׸ǻŷۡűǱƤ⸲סıһ㣬ϸļְѹȥ¼ǳָӡ÷ϰѩĿúܡ

һ˫ӵĽ
΢΢⣬˳һͷȥԷĴͷסֻ򢴦ѩ׼¶档

ҲСɣ·һֱֻܸס

֡
䣬

Լתͷۿȥţ

ʶԼЩʲô
ѲΪţյİʰ

ôһʣһ˲ãȻ
ȫˡ

תһ룬ҲûʲôҪȥġ
糿Ժ뿪ǰܵңһжУǮֻҪЩ㹻
׼ʰ֧ϰ£ٶ̱شϣˣҴƱȥС

ôһƺҲٿĶָʹλãǻȡ
ʹȽŵ˷ɣƣһɨգ۾رͷ˯˹ȥ

ƽĺڶ

ע⵽˯ţͣ¶ѹµıӳϡ
ͷůͣϾǶգҹȾ˷纮С¡
Ҵãȷֱذסֱ

յƮŵͨˣȴַЮζļ䡣

һҹԵǲ޲ͬ

ǰ˰ȵ˯ţ
չΪǽӣΪϨÿһȥҹһ㡣
ףʳ֪ӣչѵöɹġ

ȼʱ

ڵҹĻźصĴˡ
ģһУӡϡ

İ֡

ǺۣҲܼˡ






62.  ѧ׷   ҵŮ᲻֪

峿ķŴ̹ǵĺ⡣

ִŲʵѡԺͳһַĶ, Ҫϻؼҵ
ʱֻ˸Сͷװ±㲻ԺûıҪ, ѡ˰ҲΨǿˡ

˹ϵ׽, ջؼȻǸ˵ġ

, ͻ, ˡ̤δȥͷ
, Լɽٻ, ƽ׵ʱ, ֱϽԺȥ

֪ǵԼ, ˵, ⳵Ҽͷģµġ
едڳȥ˱㰲ͷ͵, ܷЩ

˵ȷࡣ۳ģһ·ͷչЩ֣Ӳ, ĪҪ̫, ܡ

⳵˼ձ˷Ըүظи졣

ǰǺˣ
ڵ¶Щ󣬵ȻүһԺͶ, ȻǹˡæӦҪڷǰ˵˵һ飬֤үȴظС

ּ˶ԻꡱһЦôģһظˡ

ֻ֪Ц공ϼֳ磺֣֡
ʱ磬ɽ·лѩúܡǵ·ϵ״˵ذɣžٻԺ

áֵͷ᲻ýڡ鶯ǰ꣺磬ԪһɽиСӣʱһͬɽȥưɣ
Ц⴫Ķߡ

ХУ΢סߡ
ϵ£ڰǰֱ󣺡ҵ


һȥơ



ڰɽϵԺ⿤̫ࡣ
Ҽһŵƽʣɫĵǰ𣬴ɼϲ֮ɫ
ʱɫδڣſڵĵѾϣλεĻӳ˻ؼҵ·

ʱ£ˡ

ĳֻͣ£߽ѾӭĴС
Ϊõ˾ǰ

ܹȥô䲻䣿

ֱһ˫ĿƵ֮ϣҵĹԺӣЩӳԿˣˡ

ߵḧ˵ļ磺ͺãӱһ·óϲ˰ɡ
仰ǷԸߵ˵ģˣ̱ȥˡ

ˮ⣬ͷĨĨ۾ӦǣϽţ˰ɣ

Ȼ§׵ֱûȻȲϼĳӣԺԵͦõģ϶Щȥˣ˵ɣ
ײ⿤ţϲĴ棬˳㿴ĶӺãǶһ

໥ģվһԡʼղ岻޷ͣڿڵ㣬ôһˣôң

ֻûü˵׾Ŀɹȥ㣬αȥԺͷࣿ

¶𾪣Ҫȥ飬ôкͷ£Ҫ׷ԴҲǰԭɣ
һȫΪǸĶ˲ͬȥԺôˣ
Щ¶׷һİ

Լ׵Ŀ£ۿɼϢģҶ˵һ䣬ֻ¶ί֮ɫ֣ϣܰԼ˵乫

ֿԼܵܣֿԼףʵڲ֪ӦðһͷֻõеˣϽԷɣҺϺʰ

˵ߣŤͷʹ˸ɫ¡
ϾûĻǸôͷΪ

ϣֵ뱻ѳСɽߣвˡ

ΪԼԼԺԲõģЩܾܵȫλѹ֮²òôˡ˭ýǴȥԿأ

־ٰԼĲˣôһ¶ǣҲûġ
ֻóԵһͣ¿ӣһԵ˳

ţԷ˻顣

ȵ۾ɵʱ򣬼еŮѱˮԡ

Ǽ
ˮУҲԶȥԡõָ̾

һŪ꣬ڷеĹϣ˱־ֻһԵŮͷ

üʱġ
ӹŮеĲߣΪʪ

ֲô

ֶ׻ؼһˣȻҪֶᣬִȰԺֶ˼ңѵһˡ

⻰˼ңһûأ

üˣ磬ֻǽĻʶ

֪϶ǵܵڵǰˣشʱȥԭʱʶġ

˼ɵò˼ûʱһΪŻȥأҲΪŽҵġʱֻһѣûһԭɹµˣ

Ŷ˹ȻЩȤ֪ԼŮԸȥԺͷŮȥҲðѰѹءļʱ֪òࡣ

̶̼仰㿴Ů̬ȷͬһ㡣

ǵĺӣ
ҲԸˣ˵ʲôػֶ£ʮˡʮʲô׶Ը⣬£ǵú

ֱ˵˵ʲôأ

˽һ׹ӹҵĲϣ׹һ

ǰЩΪȥպʹʦΪ˹⣬ֻԸܻҵֶƽƽۺ׹ӵᣬḧŮµķ˿
պʹʦ˵ʮ꣬ͲٰװˡʱȥԺҵıŮؼңΪѡȹװɺã

ã˵ʲôáְչȥ׵֣ӿɺȥԺôãҲûأ

⻰˵üɲô˵ҵŮǸӰ

ִӦÿ죬ﻹԵͷҵͬǰ»ҪǸϿأһȥ

üз֮ɫǣôԶȥʲôĪҲҿ

أŮȥʶʶ֤ҹͻ㣬Ȼȥǡ
üҪ˵ЩʲôһŸ˵ҵʱʮԼģȥɣ

˵ڴϱǿӲѹŲ֮⣬Ե»ûʧܹ

üȻɫֶ˵ˣǾȥɡ
֪˾ǵºǸѲ˸ϵ»ػǸͬҲؼ׵ʶһ⺢ӡ

ֵͷҲɶԷһֱԸ⣬ɡͬƤ״Ԫٴס

üʳָĶģҵֶС飬ſھǿ״ԪˣҲ֪˭̵ġ

ץס֣ǵȻõ

ĸŮ׽һᣬü˵ҲްֶϲģȻϲ

ʲôϲϲġһһءƢɻġ
仰û˵ڣ鷳ˡ

ü𷽲ŷһԵĸɲΪŷβҵŮ᲻֪ء

˳õ΢΢ҡ
ֱһգ׵³˯ȥ






63.  ѧ׷   紺

ǻ, ʲô¶ҪԼԶ֡˿˺һ͸ˮƣ˻ŮԼĦ
ƽʱĵˣڼﶼ, ʲôܳԵʲô
ֲҪֲ˼

ȵȡ
Ժôǡ, ÿնҪдҵĵŶԡ

ΪԼŵͷһ˲
еˡ
Ҳ֪һԺ᲻ùµ, ᲻еȤ, ᲻ᡪԼ

ôţֹϴӴ͵ｻ˼, պð鷳ȥԺ
벻ԼûϵҪǵһԺ̫ѹ, ò׿һЩƫִ˿ô죿



յĳݳ߳, ԺſʱûӦ

Լͻˣ
ŷֿһ塭ʮ찡, ʹɾһļصԺ

ԼСİ, ɫ㱣ķߡ

ϵˡ
Ӧȥˣ
ͷûлңܶҪ뵽뿪Ժ֮󣬶ǰδһιˡ

ûдԿ׵ֹµվⴵµķ, ججԴһЩ
𲻻ȥҷ˰ɣϾ˵ԪǰһյԺ϶Ҳûϵ

ʧ㰡
, ػ, Լǰ·Ǳںһ㣬ɪɪ

ԴԼ, װԼһСײˣȥˣȥ׷˵ʱһƬӰס

ķ綼ֹסְͷӱ̧һϤͷϲδɫķ˿ޱߵ鷢£ɫĶգĵݸݣʵһδڵˡ

磡ΪҪòŻͻȻǰ˵þҪվ
׾˵˫ȲţӲøվסǰȥĻС

Ƕδļ
ַ·ŴⰲĻ죬ҪըԴһƬѣΡ

˶ãסҲԼϣȴϵĲʸйȥ

ֵȲ˼΢΢ƿ𣬳һЩ룺ողŵ

յˣӣɨȣȻǲŵġ

ڹǶ̸Щ飬֪ΪΣʶʮ֮󣬺뵽֡ĪͷӿУֻÿٽӵĶԻӿŲᡣ
û뵽˼ĺˣĳ⡣
εӰֻ·ڵȡ

Ȼؽӹеİϵ򿪣ȥ

̫δɽϣ˿õˮ
Ƕգÿظˮˮʵ档
ضϵĲ˼ۣѵʲôر֮ΪʲôÿԼݺ󵹵ˮģ

Ĵˡ߳Ķ棬ôͻˣ

ŲڲϵĿ⣬ǰˣֱ׵

εö죬һʱӲϻֻùװںˮģ

ע⵽Ķ磬Ɑﻹûüˮɣ

һţֻ˱ˮͽȥæŰˣ豭ǿյѽ

һʱڿУҲǷҲǣβ˵ôˡ
˵ͽǰǴɱùһڡ

ûסҵѽô˰ɣ

ˮ꣬ŸоԼϵȶȥЩ͵ˣֻʣⱭˮˡĪˮҲԸҷ

仰˵ùֿģֶֻοҲˣ˵Ҳãֻǵԣͷˮɣ

ǱˮҲĥ̫࣬Ȼᡣ
յߣЦʵǰûиоϲѽǲҲˣ

΢ɼĵ˵ͷ

ˣû˵´һؼҵʱһذɣ

Ϧ룬ѾˡҲԸپܾӦá

ûϵô򵥣ΪԻѵְ׼õһӻȥ̫Ҳ㣡

ףʵ˵ң

ֵͷǰɣСʱ֪׺ܺõģ˵öû϶ϲ㡣

֪˵ʲôҲڰֻǸͨͬ԰ֵ˼ùô
Ը⽫Լӽô

ԭ׼Ͽ꣬˹ȥݻֵ˼
Ѿʶ˲ԣҪֹǣҲӱܡ

Ŀᶨǰ˵ã»һؼҡ



ʮ塣

Ժļֻŵա
İҲΪѧڼйԪһո·ʱ䡣

ڼ˯Ͳѹ

ԼĴʹˣտô죬Ҳûˡ

ްһẰġĶõˮý⻰

ѡֻϴ

ʳ극ͻˡ
˻ؼҲǰ׻صģ˺üأȻҲа
Ҳ׼˼͵ŽտƵʱ򴩡

Ԫӣлƽڡ

Ҫ˵֡ÿҲûбȵ⿤ġ⿤һ˶øˣֻ˶Σѡ˸ɽС
ҶеƿΧ˾С

׼ȡ磬

һɫƵѩ׶ۣīɫϣ˼˵֮ɫ޳·պãЩ乫ӵϢ
ķβһĨɫֻ

û뵽ôÿ˿֮ʣֱ˿е޵ġ

ѼʶֺεԴǣٲЩ֮Ҳϲ

ֿһԾͣ£ϵȥʼѡ
ԼĲһΨһĲͬǻ筺ɫɫ޻һЩҲӡ

߳䣬ɹǰһ

ûãһȴࡣ

磬ÿ𣿡ת˸Ȧ֪ԼʣǲῪڿġ

ĿѾ˵һУ޵紺

ѵôĿޣֽڵݵǰҫչʾһƶһأ

ϲҴƵѣ
Ȼûͬѵĸһ˼ҶԼؼѣǮ˼ѡѡʽԼԳڳֱģȫƵҲѵá
밢ʽѱϣȷʵ˵㡣

ֻƾĶΪôһ˵ź֪ʶⲻװǺɫ

һв׵ǿ򶨵ѽǲԵࣿϵ˶࣬һҲ߶أ
Ϊ֤Լǿտ˵׻˸ȷҲʧ㵽ʱˣͿָԼϵѣʡмһҴƣϵźɫꡯҲࣿ

˵ſʵûޣѾ׼˳Уֱǣ֣֮߬Уʧ

˵ÿ϶֪ʧ¶˵˲㡣






64.  ѧ׷   㡣

ɽ˺
ŮٶӼг, һĻʢ

ûԺţŶ׼ڵЩСʳ
һǣ߶, ʱʱҪעΧ, ײˡ

вǱ鲼С, ֵֻһ, ɫŰǵķ

Ǳߣе, رŮվ·ڴʽߡ

߹ȥ·˶ס, ̸, ߲űȥ
Ӧǵе˰ɣ

ߵʱ, һλŮס
ŮŶʮ, Ÿ˷٣òü䣬ʵ:λͷһǰĵаɣ
϶, δˣֻĽƵˡ

΢һ䵭ףԡֵش𣺡ѽ, λлҪ˵, ֪ǲҲô߲ȥơ

ģ濡ŮڴһЦǰԪ𴦲ͬһǰãͬ, Ǳһһ
ָָĲ·ڣʾ÷ֿߡ

ֱǾ䡰áŵϽ͵ˣӣڰԺѧ

ŮֳһѣŮװõġ
˵ųּüŪֿۣ˿ߵȻΪԼƵˡ

ֱּԼп˵壬𲻻ŮӵĻ˻ɰɣ
Ťͷ꣬˵λֻǿЦͼӱ䣬Ůӷϡ

ϾԷŮӣֱӶֻ֣ɫŮӣλˣŮܲףء
˵ּձ߲˲·ҪŮµ¶ȥҲʹֻЩסֲȥ

ŮӱĿ⿴ú󼹷ֻ÷յֶֻӲ˵ʵ̫ϣ̲סִּۣĿ¶ɻѵ治ŮװСӣ

ǶĬʱָϽ廰֪ǸνУ

һλʼվһû˵Ůվ˳ߣλߣѡһ·߽ȥǡ

ֽӹߣʵǾҪֿ

λͷһľţǶȻϱ˴ˡŮӴڶλҵ˴֮ǰĪժ¡Ψж֮ͬʱȡߡ

ΪΣ־ĵйػͦ࣬ŵҲЩ˼

ϷֵŮӽӹֶͬеģҳ˴ˣͻõףޣ

ЦЦǵ߶һģǵ·Ҳܱѽ
£ǰ֮Ҳϰɣ

ŮӲٶ˵λӵ˱֪ˡ
˵ӡʱֳʹʹɫ

ǻԼŮװ
ε뵽

ѵԼյ̫ŮЩΪܱһλİŮһۿ
ûֻռԼˡ

ܱԷһۿʵڲֵܹĴ粻ԡŮƻڴ˴ߣ֪Ůװɳ͵ƵĹһ˫ۼúܡ
ο͵Ʊ֣ŮȻΪΪŮװû뵽ˡ

Ů˵ʲô֮ûõ׼
һߣḲϣƵΪϵĴӣ磬Щ
˳ӵذ˰ӣ׶

ΪߣֽһöתҲһ¡

ĶᣬעŶԷ飬ָϵĺڷǵĲСĳʹԷϸµرܿķ˿ϵ˿

Ա߿Ů¶֮ɫɷɨԼǲˣ˰
ûп۵ʱ˶Ȼ⡣

ֲ֪Ůе뷨ɫѾУɲܼ·ڵʱˡ
ߴʵ磬ıߣ

·ڷǰǵƻͨʲô

ϴߣڰȴеȥ·ʱ˿̣ʲôƾĶΪȥš
ߣȾЩԣ㡣

УҲ֪ΪΣ˫շȣţѾˡǲ֪ѡ񣬾ҪһʱŮȰλұ߰ɡ·Щװš

ߵ·ѵܲߣЩ󣬡ߡұߵİɡ

֪Ҫ˵ʲôֱӵȥߡ
˵·ѡĻᡣ

ּѾȥ뺰סҲˡ

ŮӼ뿪ֵ֣ѺŵһҪʲô
һźɫ˿

˿ȦֱŮϵһĽᡣϵĶ죬ʮδ壬ֱ㱻Էſ

ŮѲڴ˴ִÿɵôӣǶˣǹҲأ

λ㣬Ҷ˵ҲŮӡŬͣʶ޳Ч֮Ͻ뿪̤ұߵ·

뿪·ڣŮӵ²ٱϣܹǽҲһټˣġ
ң·øġ

ôôá
ߵ·Ҫøߡ

·ϳԵǿͷĨ˪ζڻ
̲ס𴽽ǡ

Ůԣұ·ȻʮֿǰĦ״ࡣ

ֻǡ
ΣΪŵĶȹװĹң
żмװˣεʵԣһ۱ܿװµŮݡ
ͷʵʵԼڰװ

ʮֲһ·ƶûϸƣԱ˵Ĵȥˡ
ôĥһ·Ȼߵ˾ͷ

·꣬ǰһš
ſа˳ңͬʱͨУʱϷȴ뿿ӣվ棬Ҳ֪Щʲô

ֺ˹ȥ
žɴзΪߡ
ͷֻߵŵҲ࣬ͷǵࡣ

ӸԼ߳ߣȫֿ඼࿴һߵ׺ӣ߽ײö

λʲôһλŮ̡

ǹǴͬߣֵеˡָұϵˣƣǵȻȥִ=ϸϱǡ
ϵźɫ˿аѽǾ͸Ȼ֣ͬͺá

ע⵽Ŀ⣬˳ſȥ˿кԢ⣿
ǸɸɾʲôװҲûСʵ˿

ǹߴȥ˵ǰûдӣΨжͬе˲СҪԼͬģȽϵ˿ˣҲǶǰѡû˿ˡ
ֲ𻰣˼䣺ǴӴҵ㣬ͻȡϵ˿ʱͳ˿˵ͬ飬߾ͺáͬ飬㽫ȡأϵϡ
еģûôءһۣ˾;ûоǡ

˵ҪӰһŵҵԼ
ԼҲÿֱ
ѹ˵·˵ʱ·Ů˵ʱ֪
ѹȻûʲôð

ҪûҶô찡ɵЩǡ

ҴˣȡشӱǡǹĵشҴҲֻǶ˿ģֻܽ⿪һ˿ҴˣûҵĻˡ
ߵűߣʲôҴˣòҲް
˵ţѡһλãվȥȴλԵȥˡ

ֱ𣬽󴩹ǰ˸ߵϸʱЩš

ܲҵԼ
ҪҴ˿ô죿
һҵˣԼȴûϳָ֣Ǻã



ƻͨ߹ҵĻƸʽʤա
ִ˿ȴͣ˫ֱֱԼӸסϡ

΢΢תůҹķ绹Щֻ¶һֻ󣬲ж䣬ϵ˿ɲȫȾ纮
ָѱ÷ȻţѾǰ׵ˡ

ôûҵ
ѵѡһűߵλãûߵ
Щż˼ʧ䡣



һͷͬ
Ϊ·ľͷܼ֣ɾȻһӡ

ߵÿ࣬ǴŵôҲδʱ䡣߹һŵʱ򣬸ûҵ֡
ӣ뵽·Щֻһء

ǰǰڰڵִֻϸϡէȻȥϵźɫ˿裬·кţš
ʱûͣɨһ

˿ô

Ƿֱ֮ʱδϡǰģ˸˿Ҳ֪Ǻá
ôţϸÿһֻ󣬲ͷ˿ֱ档

˵ĽŲڶ𣬲Ѿ¹ϵ˿֮

İֻĶ
Ƿһȡϵ
ֱǣ֡
ֻǱĳͷ͸оļֹס

Ļҫۣݺݽ˫ϡٴ֮ʱһƬ
ڵԼ

Щ֣ٯɫǾ㲻ơ
ûİ֡

ӱҵľɫס֪Ⲣ֮ͬˣҲҪƲסֵس˿ȥ
󾿾˭ֵ˭·һʱ֮ҲǰҪ
ѡԼϲıˡ

һ紵ϴµ˿ߣ͵ֱߡ

ܿȥָֻи׸ԲűλŮӵ֡
ֻһۣŲߣ

ĿĲ䵽һֻϡ

ϸ˱סָˣڷУ԰͸ֱϵɫѪǶܿһҪ֮ζ
˿ɢɢϵϣźɫĴĵɫף͵Ĺ⣬ذǰ
ϵ䣬ԵǰƮֻǰسǰ

ָⴥµ˿һɢϵΧֱֻϡ

һǶԷûע⵽ϵ˽⿪æҵҪס˿һ࣬ȴʼû

ֵ˰죬ֶ紵÷ǴûϵãѾЩɿ壬µһ˲ûжٸо֪ʶ˽⿪˿밴֮ǰ˵ĹסӽԷֳˡ

Խʱ˿һ˱Сŵŷ£ս˿ҪԷһֹĶ

е˿нսȴûԼȡ

һźɫߴ˵֣ƹڣƼȦʹḷֱִֻ̌һ

ûϵԷֱӾͽˡ
ǹﲻô˵ѽ

ЩңɶԷôߣָָС

űļ˿ʮָۡ
Կȥ˿·ֲֻһҲ롣



ֻסԼһ˲䣬ֳֺ䶨֮С


Ҫִ󣬲Ҫһۣ֪
ְûпûֻǸļ˿ƾĵļȣܶ϶

໥ײ࣬Ƕ

ؿסԷֽ֣ϡһ̧ͷ˴ͬߵˡ

Цݱߵס˫ûڵпЦ⡣

Էϵȡ¡

ƻµˮǱӳòԣ硣
ཻĿϾӣѵõΨһȡĿģֻǰˡ

Ѱõ˾ôǰдĵ𣬱ŵǹȼٿըһ˲ͷĿѣԿء
ֻĿ⣬ˡģͳͳȥҲʱַ·ĶȱһĻűƽʱظ֮Уһж

־ôУײš
ֻʣЩҵĽŲҲ޹ء

ǲŹ˼ϢֻѾãֽԺ۽⿪סµߣЦӯӯ߰ɣûأ

ɣֱӴϸϷ˹ȥվһࡣ

ֻ۵֣⣬ɿ






65.  ѧ׷   ˣ롭


֯, ϾֻǸСӣǵűĲãͷĻȴҲ̫ḻ

ֳЩеСʳ, һ˵, ʼɺ

Щûܲ³, ȴһһ׼, ˺ֶֻûЩƣֻת, סټȥ
ֻʣһյ, ɴظ, 뿪˵С

ɫ̫, ǲҹ·ɽԺ, Ѱźÿջ׼סһҹ
ԼԪ̫֣ջúܣֻʣһ䡣

ϢʱֻƣҲûô, Ϊλסһص֮ŻȻЩ˹͵Ƶġ

͵͵Ťͷǻǣһ֣ѹǲǸ˿Ѿ, ۼ˿뻳, ϾҲһ˿󷽷ֶ̬Լ̫ࡣ

ôɫѱ棬²ʵ

Ǳģŵһ, ԷʲôûûûղųôСʳڱúܡ˵Լ΢΢Сӣ·ú񣬿̫

ķӦЦƽչһѵһЦ紺ѩڣҲҪˡ
ֽӹеĻƣƱɼֽƳɣɵȴľ죬þ᣺ʲô

ûšַǽ̫ˣԺҲҪһơ
룬һؼңҴ㿴⿤ĵơǶ̫û˿ЩʲһֶǻƣǶƿɶˣӵƣرɰ
ԣ֡޹ǵơֻֽӵģˣһҲأҵһؼʱ᲻÷¡

˵ǰ£ϲ·ʲôҪһֽμӵԪһһ˵˴ϲüң㱻ǣֻ֣˶ֻŵһֻҲҪȻһ¡

𰲾ţֵһж棬Ըһֱ˵ȥڣĽ
δȥСûй򣬺ΪǸԼһ𿴵Ƶ˲ˡһؿƣӡ
һԼ͵֮ˡ



˿ջֻϴһ±¡ܹվҪԺʱԡǡ

ʱ̫ˣֱֻЪϢ
ڵһҪһ𣺡磬һ˯
ⴲȻ̫󣬵ӦҲûʲô⡣
ڴߣʵ

ҡͷ¶ͣأ˯ͺá
ԼǵֱŪգԷԸͬ˯ʱȻ̫Ҳף׽ߣԸͬ˯Ӧ̫֡

ʱҪǵŪı죬ҲŮ֮ʶ
ԺҪ֪Ůӣ˯һŴʲô£ɱԼʲôᡣԱܾˣҲûٿڼ

ֻǵȵ괵Ϩ׼˯ʱűӣ˵磬ʱҺ˵ܡ
³ˣ³šֻһգպڿ絽ڶյʱһͬءʱԼŮװҲûйϵˡ
ԼӼȹװ֪ٶѡһˣ˵бǼѸġ

˼죬ʶԼûõӦ
Ѿ˯˰ɣ
ǽˣ

ŵøֺͣһ䣺磿

΢΢ɳƵɫ·͸촫á

û뵽ô򵥵شӦһ䣬׷ʵͲʲô𣿡

ĻشҹĻϣֵ£Ҷ֪㲻˵£Զ㡣

ֳĬƬ̣ھͰԼ˵ס졣
ѡõʱɣӾã㵽ʱҪŵޣ
öԷи׼ҪʱŵңܲܽԼʵŮӣ

ԽԽţ򴲱Ųȥ񻹼ǵЩŮӵ̬ȣûһƵġ̬ϣҪѹˡ

磬áǡһƬ磬ڲԣڲϵĽ㣬˵Ļô밡
ǸŮһֱ˵ŮװĽ֮һ£ٻЩɻɡ

㻹

ס֪Էô뵽ȻŮòȷʵŮʲôϽϣûǽ㶼˸١

仰ԭΪ׵ͷӣҲܶһΪ˸ŮʲôԵ˼ɡ

أδ㡭

Խ˵ԽԾס졣Ҫڷ΢ЩֱֱӴعȥ

Ļһȵϡ

˶űӣҲߣҲûĶѹµɲһּ磬û°ɣײû

ڵҹݱڰɫ֮Сܵŵ˵Ķͨ죬Ѫ
β侲򶨴ްȡȴ

ŷԼȻűϣһߡҺǵСӹôƶҲûմ档
һ֣Ҳû취ټǰĶԻͨεûûµĻǻǸϽ˯ɣջõԺȥ

áǲϵıѹסǼ߼ӿ

Ȼ֪ЩӦˬ죬Щƽ⣬ǸΪʲô˵˯˯
ôһ룬ֽϵͷһߣҲ˯̡
귴ԣϴֱ£ԼŹ´ıӣȶԷӦͱۣʾԼѾ˯ˡ

ˡԺ˼ǧʱҲ˯ȥ

ĺƽȣԲŴ͸¹ա
ķɫ¹ӳøס֪Ƿμʲô΢΢ϸ˿˿Ц⡣

Ĺ沿գ͵Ĺ΢΢ɢ
İ֣ڷ⡣

Ƕգ溮̫ءӱͲã˯һҹⲻȾ
֣ȽԼͷڵϣὫ˴űһ˴˯ŵ˻δֻ˼΢˷ͼڴ˯

ַŵͷ·Ǽ⻹ŵ˿˫Ŀһ˿˯Ҳޡ

ַЩʲô
áλŮӣΧЩƼ˵ϸ󣬻иźײԼϵ

Ȼóٿرϡ
ˡ
ˡ

¹ƶӵɨ֮ʱ̲סٴֿ˯ŵˡ

ǡʲôܣ
ʼڴˡ






66.  ѧ׷   뺦ңǡ


ڹ, Ժֿʼÿյӡ

Ϊѧ棬𽥺ָоҲûǰ, żĿУȶ, һֱڼװࡣ

ʱƽȶ, ת۵¡

һֿУ, ĿѾƣգֱ⡢徭⡢⡣㷽ȫ, ÿؿҵɼٵǰЩš

, ߡ
յſ, ʾʹһԴ˳, ˵Ҫ¡ָɴ𱻺ߵĿյ, ȥԡԡʡ뷨lJӱܿ

תůҲᱡһжࡣ

β΢ʪ, ʱɫ΢ͷȻһ˿
ûط

лµȼһԵ򣬷ѹһֽ
ֻ֡

ȥ
ʵҲû, ѵΪյĿ, Ҫȥ󱧸ţ
󣬵ǹţѰȥ



ԺͷĲ͹ӣ˵ǴӽԺձ˵ġ
ͷ, ٹ±ʱ˴鼮Ȥü١

߽ڣ֣ͷôŵѧӶޣžôŵ˽ȥһ㡣

ͷ𲻶ֻ࣬ڼͷţ˸ڵͨ

֣ߣʣ
ǽƻأм

üͷо̫ԾҪ˽飬˻ͷ۲ͺˣΪʲôҪ˴
ʶԣתߣȴһûϵˡ

¼¶ȣʦܣ˴˴

ֲ˵߱ߵˡʦԱ㡣
ߵüԡ껻ڿһʱ񣬽ߵɨص

ÿձ˴ɨͨ粻ڵϣ㸡ҡֱǺÿ䣬飬ϰںá
Ҳ֪˭ŵģһ͵

飬ȴվŵɫһ䣬קסߡ

ʦ֣ʲôԼ֣˿ǫǫӣǲСԼҪˡ

δشԶһǡ
˰ˣ˲קԼ֣ʵ

٣֪ƽȻҪϵġ뵽Ҫⱻһͷλͬ棬滹أ
⾿˭ţͷĶô
ҲѵǲôϨģ

Դ߽ֵüͷûչĴţȻʵʵܴͷ򿪡
ȻѾ޷뿪䵽קԼϣʦ֣Ըһ˵ǣ

ʱϵдô
ֻֽɨһۣϣʱϸ顣
ּһȷ¡

ʲôʱҲϹ£
뵽ѧ֮ʱĪԼ֮еſ⣬Ҳּƣ

¶𾪣ֱֱ£ֽ㣿

¼ɫѾµԼΪҲڣɴһѰľ£棬ʾ

߾裬£ٴʵ뺦ңǡ𣿡
⼸¾ɺϣҲ˼ƻһУֱ벻ڶֿܡ

Цʦ˵ЦʦλẦ㣿

ǰ䣬˼
ֿ϶뺦𡣡

Ϊκ⻰³ºͱϼֲм

񾭽һܿ׼Ҳ֪
򴽣ǴεҲġ֡

ῴ赭дǡʦܻкβ²⣿ܹҽҹֻڴ˹ȣк֮ʦֶڡ

Ժ֮һпջʳǰ£Լʲô

Ĳ׼ʲô˵λʱü׵ȣʦֻЩ棬ڲһҹտɻд°ˡ

⻰̹뽫ڲڡ
ȴʦԼЦܡ

ǰ³̾һ֪źңڻʦڴ飬ֿ԰

ּƲסԼı顣ԶЩ˶Ļɣû뵽һоһֱϰйء
뵽ʵʮ³ֽ֮£Ҳİɣ

¶Щ֮ɫ֪װĻǵȷûϵʦǲᣬҶҪˡµȷҰй¶ׯġ

𾿾кԩ𣿡ŬԼҪԭһ飬ԭֹô벻ˡ

ҡͷʦɾˡزʶԩ޳𡣡

ԭֹϵµģԼֻʣһˡ˵Ϊ񡣡

ֳϵЦȥ䵭

֪ԼƲⲻ㻹ʲô

Ǵ̼¾ļ˵ȥʦܸսԺʱԺϢҲɢġ
˶٣ʵ̫࣬һʱ֮˵ȫʦʳ£Ҳ˸빨ӵġ

ȴԼʵͳͳ֪ңձ㴫ȥ

ʦ˵˵ɡºذڰ֣Ǽˣ˭أ
ԺСºԺＸûѧûܹĶݡˣƾ޾ݵļ仰ָϵģ

Ǹ֪ӣû֤ݣӻô
ִ˼ܣӽֽ¶棬ܷ

ΪʲôҪ¶棿
Ϊ˲𣬴ļƻ

ļƻʲô
ڲ

ͷŵˣܱ֤ԷὫԼϣͨʲôʽźţ

ֵԼõϡ

ˡ鼮ԼǺǼˡ
ҲͷԼõİš

һмƻңû뵽ֻΪԼ顣Цֻǻá

Ȼע⵽Ĵǡû뵽˵ЩǵŭЦˡ̬ȼŭ£ɫ÷ɿ죬鱻ݺɨڵأЦʲô
ɫ죬֣ˣ£Ȼ֪˹ĸܡԺЩѧӶڱĽꡣƾʲôƾʲôҪʲôʲô
֪ڶ࣬ұҪ֪ʵѧ۱˵Ժزãұ㳢ΥԺζҪһ𿼵װ࣬ұǰ֪⣬֪㾿Ǹʲôӡ

麧ˣ˹Ǹӵľ룬ǾҪסԼĲӡ
ּҪվŬסΣԼԵþ㵽ǺңǺ𣿡
»ﻰ⣬뺦ֻ𡣿⻰Լġʵڸоìܣ·ҲҡڣֲԼĿġ

ޣ¿þò˵ֱҪٴοѯʵʱŻô㣿Ҹл㻹ǺޣҲֻ𡣡

ּҪԴŪúͿƽԳƵĶţи˵˽˷񲣬Ȼǲŵġ
ʵˣֻĶҪȴò֮ϣ侲뵽·תʱڵΪʲôҪмңΪ񣿡

˵棬ע̸ȡ

һԸ̨ȼŵб˷ҡҡ׹





67.  ѧ׷   Ѿ־


ֵʻ, ɫʵ㻹ǵøյԭصʱиͯ㽻ô

յԭأ
ʱԭҪ𷴶ܾҡͷǵá

˵뵽, ѵԭϵ£ʱѾԭʶʱ, ԭԭصļ, ʱûСںԭ, ȴҲû˼֮¡

ȴĻش⣬ϵһ㣺Ȼ
ַӦ˵¡

ʻָͯ񡣱ʱĸ, гҪ͵ԭԣ׳ڹյֽ֮, ￴µط, Ӳ, 

ֱֳԭ

ʱССһ, ɰúܣװ磬иϾǸӣȻҲ, ֵԭ֮ʾãҪѡ

ϧַǴ֣ȤֱӾܾ˶Էʾáתͷȴ˦ɫȤ, յ˶ԷҵĶ̯Ҫ˽ύ

񱾾͹ע, ûñ֪˴¡

ò˵ֱݺݾܾһĻԴ֮ĶЩˬġһ, Լܾ˵ֱܾ˵ԼȲһģ
ʱעֵĶ򣬷ֶǧã뵱ǸܾԼġĮ˽Ȼ߲ͬѡ

˾ȻĽˡ
֮ʱţϾ˳ֵͷѪֻͻܹϵ跴

ɲš

һ۾뽻õǣǸڵ߽˼īիŻȴΪԸɫëʣȻϲý
ǿЦ

˽ӵӣΪܾѧӡ
εºܣ

żʵ飬ָʹ˸ȥݺҵĶ̯
û뵽ǣʹ˹˾ֶҪˡ

֮˴ٹע֮£ÿԼīի֮顣
ûˣް

뿪ԭҲ˼飬˹ա

¾ڹθġ

ʱ²Ǹʮҵꡣ˫ţûԵˣֻҵߵľ˾ˣǿһӻ֮
ܵܲ׽Ǵδλ˾ˣܱҲǰˣʵֺġ

֪ԼĿףΨһľ˾ҲںԼҪθȥֻЦӭˣÿ˶ơ
׵ĺӣζſۡŰֱ֡ݺ˵ûԺʹ˵ıҪΪΪԼ

²ͬʲôҲûУֻܿԼ

ҵһμ񡣡´ͷֿɫһϮѩɫ멣µ˶ͬΧ˸ңμҴү

ֻһʱ۸ıүˡ

֮𣬵ظʱȫ¶ӭǸԼֻһľ˾ˡ˶ģʲôöһ˿áȴ֪Щ͸ġ

̧ͷϻζͶһƬӰԵм
ʱұ֪Ҫӣֻ񽻺á

ʼ뷽跨

˵뿪ǰƢȴ봫Բͬ˵ʱ䵭˶ûкɫ۸ʱȻվǳˡ

һЦ·£пθĵλ߰Ӵұ㲻źۼֺ

ʱֵľܾԽύ̬ʮ֣ȿܣĸ֮ꡣİġԮֵġ벻õĽύ

˾ôοҲѪԵϱ׽ıֵܡ

±øƣȴĮ£Դ˸䵭θҲʶλүǽʱͬˣ̬ٿȻת䡣

ۿ˵͵ļһǡ·һζߡ

Ƣã˼׶ֻҪĥദá
ĥģЩó֮¡Ϥ֮˵֮¡

ʱѲںֵľֻܾ˵ԼȥԭصǶξˡ·ϣʶԭԼѾ˼õ񣬲Ǳ֮˰ˡ

ܵɣ¿пʲôѾ˵ˣѾǵ£ȴʼҹڻ

־ֱЦⶼ£ǿн𳶽Īѵһֱݺǡǵɣ

⻹𣿡˼ŭ󣬡֪ÿ뵽ܾҲнյʱжգ

ľ

һԱҡҡ׹̨ˢ£𽫽ߵĹϵ鼮ȼ

һ̱ӿ
˳һչȥִ򣬻ٿͣһΧ

ֻ˰˲Щ£ɿȥֽ䳶סľš

һŵľͷ֧ŲסŴסΨһȥ·

æܿЩҵϡ

ȴͻȻһЦⰡұ˴㡣
ΧĻۣȴδأ˵û㣬ҽҲվϼǹ꣬ʼղ𾿾㹲ҲóԸ

ȵ¶ȱƽִֻܲٶ⻰̲סӣ

̫ף֮
һͬ𺣣Ӣš˸ǽǴţϵ£סԼĿڱǣŬ̳

һڷŵ鲻࣬˿죬ͷǻˣʱǰɡ
һԵĴ

ⴰҲˣ
ĸţ
˵ҹĲô»û뵽Żˣ

Ĳ˵ЦʦܣҲûô㡣˵һǸмġ񽻺ãҲعнգ

ֲ죬̻ҵĽӴ

ûӦҲνյ㿴񣬵յֿ㡣ƾʲôΪҲҪ𣡡

ʵ̲ȥ£ܲѵ㣿ҶȫûȤһжûзԼں˼룡ô£ȻΪԼɣھȻҪΪЩ޵ͷȥ
ƢҲԼĳŲɴĻȫ˵ѹֵʱԶЩ֪ЫĳҾΪǸģϹۣ

һֱڵЦʱֹסЦǴ£ŵؿ֣ԶЩ
һȴõסǽʧǽڻڵأģңġ

Ϊʲô᣿ʶǴĻǣΪԼִȥˣʵ˽壡ִˣ¾ǸӣΨ˵ʱŶ˼顣
ɫҰףڼٺ벻̳ʼ͵ؿԡҧأȰ㻹վţôţֻø졣

¿ǽߣδţҲѾʧ־





68.  ѧ׷   Ҳʧȥ㡣

һյž, Ѿ˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ˻ţΪΪ˽, ȷһֱĴ֮, ǰ¶ԡΪ, Ψһ, 

ΪʲôȰ֣
ں֣ԼֻµʱְһѵĿ磬ȴʱҪˡ

ȻԼǸЦ
Ŭ, Ȳǰ֡

֪ģ֪˵ǹȥ, Ȼ, Ȱ, ˺֡Ϊ, Žìͷתָ𣬵ƿô

Цбÿɬ
ǡһͬ𺣡ȿȡֻ֮ʱܱ𡭡ҡΪ̳ɳ, ϶żȡ

ҿˡ֪ΪʼǸҵʱ̣Ϊʵ̫òԼ侲ֻԼʱԺһƬ, ܵ¶ȶ¡
֮дϼ˵һ, δҹҡȰԶ㣬Ҳǲټȥ

ʼɢЩԣ͵͵ָʹ״ǽڲյĿ, ¼ʧԣֻʣ

δнΨһһλʱԭأôܻЩѵ˵Լ
ΪʲôֱӽҷµС

Ȼ֪һֱڵ𣬵磬·ȥȰסֻȰԼ¡

ôһ룬Ҳԩ˲һ֮ѣʲôˡ

ǽڵ¶ȿʼߣֻվһߣܸоǽȵˣȴܼͷǸоʹһ㡣

ֽڱýһЩܹѾȰ±ڵϣ˲ԸģҲֻܹԼ
Ϊʲôûǣ

ѾճһƬ𺣣ⱻҲֻʱˡ

Ҫǡ
Ѿϡˡ

ָоͷʼѣҲԽԽ١
Ϣбƽÿһοֻ̳

ʧĺˮ뷢˿ϣͬˮ̳һ㡣Ҫվסֳֻһ±ϵǽڣҪסΡ
Ƹһȥ㱻̵

̫ˡ
̫ˡ

ִٵĳֱʧƽ⣬ֱ̱ڵϡ
Ĵʹ˼֣ߴƻõںԼ

֡
֡


Լˣ
ǡѾþˣ

ŨסһУ˫۱ʹǽҪǰ档

һӰ˹
˵ݣ֪

ˡ

ڡ

뷢öԷĺѬɳƣ˵΢š

ˡ

ڻеӰͣ£ڵϵֱ
ʶ֮ʣָоһ˫Լ壬Էڻ

ǰµĶյû߸ߣסʱ·΢΢һɽĻ˻

硭̧֣߬סԷ䡣
һֱŵԭʹ𺣣ȴҲܸӰġ
ǺǼⷢᣬˮۿӿҺ¡

ûˡ𱧽սĶߣûˣ֣ˡ

ƲٴȥֻʪϾͳˣٲȥֻҲҪסǼʪѾϣ׼ȥ

ֿˣ΢ȴС¡
ŬƫͷԶǽǵӣȾ

ȵĿҲסɢĺ⣬Ľͷʵɱ㣬Ҫ

ǡ⡣֪𣬲ỹѧԸⲻ𳡣˶ȳȥȻʵʣѾ¶

ֱֱ𣬸˫ʱˮ⣬Ŀᶨڵ

𶨶һۣ۵׷lJ¶ʱѾѹֵ˺ֵزûиʱ䵢粽ߣݺ˶Էһš

ŵҵ̵ǽϣԭȥ¾Ҳѹ

ݣǴͷļ֣͸ߡ

µǻδָ𲢲ʱ䣬ѡ·߾ͳ˹ȥ

ֱȳȥҲһŬ˵˳ȥ

ǲĽ䣬Ųʮߵľ룬ȴǵһ㣬·Խ޷ĺ蹵˻ִٵʱ䣬ڶһȼŵġͬһǵ֮󣬲Űȵߵˬҹɫ֮С

صֻ˼䡣



ⳡյ̫ˡ

˵鼮֮һ棬Ȼͷλѧӵ

ѧӵɽһΪ֮𾪡

ҹԺѧӶۼڲ⣬ɽӸǰ˴ˮȻ𡣵ѧӿ޺˵滹˵ʱ˶ǲ֪ġ

ѧֻýԼйˣ滹ˡ

ֻ뾡𣬽ͷĹż±ܾȶǶ٣һһɻȴһˡ

ЩҲȥȱǡͷѧָǺáǰף˭ҳȥˣ

˳֮ʱΨͬ

˫Ŀ죬ɫˡѧеһͰˮͷ£ʪѾ壬˭Ҳס
ҪȰҲ񺧵öԭأֻʪסڱǡ

ϵʵúܣǰϵĻѾѧӼʱԿҲæ

ĵĿ߿յĴţ˵Ļн˾˳ֳ֮˲ЪϢ˲Լϵĺڻһʪ͸ֻæҺ֡

ŵ¸˾ȣû뵽֣滹һˡ³ֱֱأϵ˸أ󱳶ˣһ׵÷·Ҫ

˵һҹû˯˰Ⱦ

ѹʱϽزżȦɫϸǿҵʹС
⧲ʹẰɳƵúܣ·ɳĥʯһ㣬֮ǰ

ס󣬲㴥Լ˿ڣѾ˺ҸĨҩ⼸նҪ㶯֡
ס󣬶
ҲҪ˵˵̫̳ɤӣҪʲôֻҪʹɫͺá

û뵽Լ˵ȨᡣԼʹɫܿ
Űɣգգۡ

û뵽ķ֣תȥ䣬ʱűȵˮ

̲סԲ۾
Ȼıˣ

ɫ֪ԼûŪ豭һԣֵֺ󱳣ڴͷʼιˮ

޳İָŴɫ豭ֲûƿĿ⡣ֻֻ֣õģҪιҲˮڴϡ

֣ӹıӣԼ˼ڡ

Ҳֹ꣬ӹղ豭ʵҪô

ҡͷ
£ȴȻԼϵѾҹľżҪ

˭ѣ
ɣ

ҹҽȳͺһͬ㡣˵Ҫ鿴Ƿˣ㻻ѡͣеѯ֮ɫ˵ûڣ˵ҽǰ
ʵϣպҪϳȥԼ鿴ϵ˿֮ʱ㲻ԸġΪֵĵռϷ磬Ųò˳䡣
ȥ诵ִֻ˵˽

ֲô򵥾ͱ˵ģûʲôԡ读ͦ׵ģǶ

ֿӣҪԼ뷨
ǴӲӳ֮ôˣ

𽫿ղ豭£ԭĿУƳˣɽŭҪϲ򡣡
ƽﶼаźõѧӿܣҹϨҹڷŵѧȴӶ˵ⳡˡ

ѧѾҳ˵µķԸֻ˵ǺһԹ뽫ڲһҹѧͷƻͨҲ㺮һҹҲʲô£µġ
ǣ˾Ȼű뿪ˣǺ죬һƬĻ֮󣬲ĻƲű˷֡Կף˵滹ˣҲ𷣡
˵ʱƽȫڼ֮ǰѧ̹֮ʱһȭ˴ڵأǴӵ߳ɲһ㺧ˡ

ҹȥ£˲˷磬ӲҪȥӷֱһ֮ʱһжˡ

ɫΣյ۵
λȥλŪһ˻

뵽ڻŨ֮ŵ֣ͷƲס
ҪЩ˶Ҳ֡

ּ˵˵ž˼ֻһ´أԷע⡣

ûأ
ʾ䣬ֽôˡ

˼ѽ蹨ӡ
˵䰸Լǰ

ǰɣ
˻Ҫѧϰд£
ֵԲۣеš

һ仰ջ˸̣ϸҵ֡ٱЩ߰ƭȥɷȮ

ֹѾ֪ЩģּдҲǱϲֻҹһۣϱ⣬뵽Ǳ˷Žأ
ϻأ


ڷԼ©顣ԼģйֽҲǱ͵͵ͷİɡ
ҹԼûʡ

üͷһ۱㿴ʲôǵ֮ǰıȻԿס

һС
ǰŪ౻죬òȥļ䱻ҳ

ѽ˵ǸѽѧİɣЩ춼ѧѧϴģʲôġ

ʱӦ뵽ܹǵᡣ
ȴΪʱһֻڲԼܣû

ؿʲôҪʡ

һ겢ˣֻʵ¶ò࣬Ժº棿

ִֽӱŲṴסߵ֡
ʾԷ̯ģʼͷд֡

ָģһ΢֮УһţԽ֮׽
˼Ʈһ˲Ŷı򡪡
Ǹ֡

Ĭ˼Ϣʵµ

ֵͷ˼ŭ⣺㽫㺦㻹ˣҲϧ

ڻ
ѵˣ

Щ£˵ȷºڲдһѣµȷǸ⡣ҹֻͷıڲҲҪЩӰ

̲ס룬֮ʱȻڵϣӦûǻŵġȻＫѺڵĵزŶԡ
Īǡûо
±ûʲôøУΪѲ˸ϵûо£һڻУҲǲܡ
ǡ𺣣Ҳֻ˵ȥ֮ʱ˱Ѿˣ޷ʩȱǣûκΰ취жϵʱΡ˵û£ҲܺŪȥܹԼվߵġ

˫֮ɫʵԣ˲˼
˱ڻˣ˻Ҫ£Ҫһ𳡡
ΪѾһˡڴţţҲ˵Ҫôġ
ΪҪˣ

ʱеĲγ׼ŭµҪֵҵҾֵ˻ûþ
οǰ˵ˣλ᲻Ӧ

ֻĪɬŭľʵЩʹ

ܵýһ˿Ǹֲǰ˼Ҳ޷˫ɵ۾
ձȥֻһ仰ţһûС

ּҪߣҲʶԼŵ̬ˡ˲ϻûõĺڻ𡭡
ɳƣ˵־;úʹѣĻڰ;ʵ˵
ɬ뵶θͬʱʺؿһƽ

ʱͱɫ˲Լŭתͳ嵽ߣỷסļģȵ̹һЩ

˵㲻˵ôһҲ
֧Ŀķ·֮
˫ˮӯӯ۾𱸵ĻҲ˵ڡ

ָίҪߣô˵ôῪ
ϵۡʹһʱ䱻ǸӣҲ̲סǼһᣬ۾һ죬Ҫ޳

ˣɫͲ԰ף۽ǱǼøԡǧϣְա
Ϊ
˫еˮ·ȶȣֱֱҪƳһ
ϴҲáˡ

Ҳֻǡһѹ£Ҳš˶٣ڽͣЩСԲƽϣһʵ̫֣֪㱻ڲ󣬼ǳ֮ʱֻ޲ɱ㻹Ҿ
˵ҲģҾұˣ㻹ҡ֡

Լ˵ֻ˫ĿӯᣬĶںˣҲֻʱױԼļ䡣
Ÿıֻûջأ˳ƽ˱ڻУḧҷŲó㷢𡣵ˣôҶɣڱɤӡ

Ⱦòַڱϵ𣬽֮߬ȭͷ㻹Ļұǡӡ
Դ裬űǴδ˵ϴĻĵָ̬סˮֱԷţˮȾʪһƬ

ӻңûϵԼ⻰ֱӽ˵ˣ֣ұң޻۾

ֱҲûֻǷűתߵ̬ŵϵʹٱôغţȻֻ뽫ԼҹĿ־ȫй
ΪԼҪճɻҽʱס侲ҵȫĵطȴԮ±˱ڻҲƲסſ˳

ŵĸԼûôһޣɳƵĺµֱҲֻýǰд֡

û㡣

½У˿дǵŵġ𿴲ģ飬вҪ

ȴԼһŲݣٿ޳ȻʮֺÿͷֻдָԼ̬ȡ

ļ٣ұֻ֣ץƶ֣֣ĺܵģҲʧȥ㣬һΡ
Ҳ룬ҽȥˣҲ㣬Ҹô죬ָô졣
ֶ죬ҪԼ˾жҡ

ֵĺڷ˵Ҳʧȥ㡣

⻰ǿ־塢ӡأһֶУ˿˿ƣ͵̧ͷֱֱײ˫˫

Ҫڣȴ˵ֻƵı§ס

˵Ҳһ






69.  ѧ׷   Ϊ䡣


Ժ֮, ۷ֻɽն̬ȶãκη涼
üλΪϰεĽ顣
ȻԴǾܾˡôί, ֻ˵԰, ͷӡʲô, Ȼֻжƴӵס

, С¡

ֻıˣϺʣ֮Լ, ȻڴˣûҲҪɳ

ȻֵѾܶж, ǽŵú, ͬ, ˶ÿհϴ

˱˿ҵ, ÿյȥѧýѧֻʱὫŵøᣬˮ÷Ĵߣֱá

Ŀν𻹻ȥʳڶѧ˵Ĳ֮, ҲĬŵľٶԺѹˡοҲѧӻĵȥ淢

ȴʱֻϿ, ÿԼȥһԡ֮, ûʲôȥĻᣬΨһǲҲǿˡ

һԴ͵͵̽ע⵽

һѣЩӰ, ӰͲ̫ġϲ¶ɫû˵ȴѾߵֽŵķŲ

ͻȻվ׼ʱͷȻҲĶŵؿֽһȴûվȶˤڵϣҺң

۾գԴһֻܾȣֻҪһξϳˡ֣ûʵʣʲôأ
ЩҲǰģȻ÷ҩɤѾˣ˵ҲӰ죬ÿҲȤЩο塣

ʷ½浲Դǰ˫֣ЩεǸ֡㻹ڹû
͵͵֣л˵˵Ҳûһ档
ʵֽ֡Ҳ̫ײЩ

ҹʲôһͷˮȻ뵽ʲôô죬㶼ң˵ҹֲ㣡
ԼֹϵͦãЩӳҲֻк诺͹̽סҪôͲ

˵⻰ǿЦȴһΣҲãҲߣҲ¡

־ȵ㲻ΪҹŲҰɣ
û뵽ʾȻԼôࡣ

ĶԷļʾԼûôϾֽΪǻţҪȻµӲסûкˣдšҪʹɡ

ֱϷḻı鶺ЦʰЩֻϵֽ˵Էļ磺Ҵûôû˵Ƕڲ󣬻û˻أôһ룬㻹˺¡
Ȼ˼ܣֽ˵ȥԼûҪ֮еʶ˵ˡ

ô˵Ȼֻ֪ڰοԼĥǸȷ࣬ĵˣ
С۾գգ˵ֲ˵ұģÿϣҶҴսҵҪҵƤ

˵ʲôأ־ǸСԼңҪϡ

ίˡԴҹﱻ𱧻߿˵ӣ϶ǼǺԼߣվˡ
˵䣬ͿʳߡӱֵĿ־·ֳϣϽתȥԼû¾ͺã㣬տһȥѧð
˵Ժƥεߡ

ĿɿڴȻҲע⵽ֻ벻ͨ𵽵ʲôų

վĪҪӡѷ˰ںǰɫʵ㣿

ֵſӣָֻͷס룬ͷҲ̧ǰҵǸأ˵òЦΪҲôù

һᣬûӦͣ¿ӣʵ磬㲻Ҳôİɣ
˵⣬Ҫ׷ףҲºǸѧӵĴҲֲʲǡ

ֻǳĬؿβűܿ⣬˵Ҳվ

̬ȣĬֵʻ

ûҲôΪ
磬ʱҲϲֻ£õЩ¡ҪǻҪңûϳּͶȥ˲󡣡

ͬ

ּ˵ʱѹ㻹ҿ֣϶Ҳ̫ûɣ

ڿڣûô롣
ûֵĴ

ܽϴּΪʲôҪʰ㺰ȥǶ°һȽϡ

Ტۣü

ʲôͬģǶûʲô˵£ҲûҪɱҡ
ȥʱ˵ҪԼһ֮۵Ļ

֡е֣㻹ûô

Ҳ˵ûֻΪʲôĴ͸ýʲôĳͷʺ㿴£ʲôûּҴ֮±Щݺǵ£ǹڲ󣬺û˳μԺУȷǴˣﲻ
֪޲£·Щ£ǽɷӻǽɹٸȵɡΪȳʱѾɹʶˡ

֪ƣû뵽ĺ¶˿ݡӲҪҲֵñôǸϧĶ
ֻǰƲס뵽ճĴֱڻ£ˡ

ּԼĿȷʵ𣬵ŵġοվֻ˳ֶΪĽڻ𳡣棬

ҪЦʣǷ

Ƿ£ǷĲҵ¡ѵΪ˻£ǾҪһ磬ʩˡǲһ¡ֶǰ֪꣬˵˵Լδ
Ȼ໵£һԺѧĵطδŵģ̣塣ףûһΣȻˣȨȥ

ҲԸ˵ұݶ̧ž޲ǷչһƬš

ֹϷȻǡ˵Ϊ¶Ըʶ䡣

ԽԽ㣬𾲾ؿΣһһΪ䡣






70.  ѧ׷   ̹


̸, ɢ

޷˵ҲԸִȻȻעֵӣƽն̸֮, ֻǽʳзǰ, ʰꡣ

ֻһ, дϵľ̸ܾ̬ϢġԸѹҪ, ʶ֮䲻ԡ

ʵ˿ʣֻȥʣԼĶԻظ˱, ĩʣ˵𵽵Ϊʲôˡ
ϾŮӣŮ˼ķʽȷʵͬ, ȫûԷ뷨
οʲô뷨, Ҳ˵ɱ˾ɱ˰

ʹؼʱǿ׵ģ, Ϊʲô£

Ϊ뺦ңȷزµ

ǰʵͷ, Ե㣬ŲˣΪ㱨ȴ˵ԣܲ𣿡

šü˼һ᣺ȷʵ԰

ôںʺɸ, ǾãһΪ㿼ǣȴΪ롣
ϵĲ֮ɫ̫ԣȥ, һʵ, ڻе𣬳ȥ㣬㻹£

ҡֺȻס
𻥻˵Ȼ˵ҪĻڻ֮е, ᲻Ҳ޲ͷԽͷֻޡ
ļֻԽܣ૵Ҳ֪

ʿ֪ԼЩû˵㻹𲻸𣿡

ǰĲ豭ͷдĲˮֻˡȻ룬ҪڵĻ϶ҪΪˮ֮ǲġ

Ĳˮ˳źܵڣһ⣬˼ࡣջָĺ̵ۣҲô˵

Ŀڱлεˮϡ⼸ղֱ߱ˮҲԶȵġ
˵Щ̫ˡ

ſԭ飬ΪΪʱҪ;
ʵϣδ˭һжǿϵġ

뵽²豭ʵԼᣬ׼ȥǸ
߳ʵţ㿴λ֮վԼſڡ

ʱ̬ȱ˵ǰס¿ߣʵʲô

΢һǰʣĿ⴩󷽵֣ʦܣ֪ģ

Сܾ֪̾ǰ¶¸ɵˣЦص۸Щոµֹ֪ȥ

ȴ߳׵á

ס֣ģƤٳʲô£治Źˡ

û¡ֵοҵӣڱϷţʲô˵ҵ˻أ㵣ʲô
ҹµ˱ͱ࣬ڻ԰ǲ´ˡ

Լʾ£ûĲ豭ʧˡ

ƽֻò豭ǾͰϣͬΪϴڹеıӡֲ㣬ҲԸΪȥЩֱӲˡ

һЦЩ񣺡ް
ε࣬ɫѪǶܿǴƬ˲ôܵġ
££䣬˵⣺ҽʦܵġ

Ҫ뿪Ժֵ֪üԺʲôʮֿܡЩ˵ҲֻǴԺĹأǽԺˡ

ֻǣ½̬ȷʵû뵽ġҹͬºαͬ
ƽʱ̹ϵЦݲˣϵȴʵЩʧαΣ˿Ÿ
ǡͨ͸ࡣ

һ𣿡ʡǼıʣԵЩΡ£ָʹͬ˵ѱָĲ²ⱻʩϣв²ǻŵġ
ۻĻʵۣԺ·

Щӣڴ֮ϣÿ£ֻϹĥ˵ǹңչңȴҲԸҶ˵ʲô봲ˣѰӻ˼ӣҪҷֵ𡣡

ֶЩ²ģӦǰˣ֪ΪΣܾй˻֮С

ܲæ˵

лվһҾӲ
ջ֮УлҡȻ˿Ѿɽľ֮С

ƽȵ㡣

㡣ֱ㣬ҡ


Ⱦϼּڽҹһ𱻻лһǡ׽
ɽ㺰ѵ˵ȷ

֪һȥлδ£ֳһҾ֮ǰ£֮ʦܿˡΨǸ⡣

ֿ󱳵δãʺѪǳ˿ڡɫ䣬·ûһ㡣
Ҳԭ㡣Ҳ֪װ⸱ģͨˣʶȻҪ뿪ԺЩҲ޹ˡֻĪҪ˱á

վֱ˵Ȼ˵һжˣ̫ЩűۣЩ¡

˵óϿңּҪˡѵϴĸ棿

ϵĻ֮ɫ¼ʦܲԸң಻ʦܡʦʦ˷磬䲻ձҪ뿪ԺǰΪʦܷǡ

ôģ
˵Ƿ̬ȣæ治úͺˡ
ˣ˺ԼǡҵԼᴦ

ҲȰֻվţͷǷִ 

ͻȻɴվͿ͡

ʦ֡űߣǺһʦ֡ΣǶл㵱Щǡ

ǰ棬⻰ͷβס𾪡
ãŸпʦܣֱգҲ֪

ɻ󣬲˼ʵ֪ʲô

ֻҡͷվ⣬һҾ
ֱܿһۣת뿪

ͷƫбŹ⣬

޳Ȼ˳٣ҪŲѣ֮ȴ˼˿֮С

ֵкȻ˷ᵽ
ͷֱġ񡱲ͬԷ񡱡
˵ǰĳƺڸǲסĶ⣬ƺȴƽ׽࣬ϼ顣

ǡ֪ԼĹѰһµĿʼ

֪ΪΣע˵ıӰж˵ĺ⽥ɢȥֻ˸С

֪



ڻ·µġ
ʱҪ̻ݣǷ񻹰ȴͷ

µסߣ·ϣֻȥˡ
뵽㣬վסֻ뱼طȷϡ

½ס
ʦܣĪҪǣʦ¡

Ը˵ֻ뵱ûһ㣬Ĺ߹ȥ

µһ仰סŲ
ʦܣѵǰȥʦܵ£ûһ˿棿

ҹʵ鱾䵭⻰ȾϼΣգǽӴΣ

ʦĪվ˵һԵʯԣʾ

𣬿϶֪ˡ
ûõĻӦ˵㲻ʦܣΪû֤ݣ㡣

졣һƬشҵ⡣

ԹԵʦʶ̫ã֪ǸʲôӣԸҡ˵Ϊ˵
̲֮ڵص£㲻ϧԼվʱƾݣʦ֪ҵĿֻǿϧ⣬Ӧʦϣ״š
ʦܣڡô

ɫѿʯԵָ̫ף֪Ƿ˵£һ˫ӺݺݶŶˡ

ȴ£һתʦĪʲôҲδʦ˵ڹ
ֱĿ⣺ʦܲδ̸ء֪ʦǷһְԻĺգÿÿҽã뿪㣬Ȼܾ

⻰ѹͷŭԶᡣ

֪µͷĻʦܷ㣬ֺα⣬ĮĪΪң

޹ءѾԼ֪£Ը˶˵뿪

µԶԶ
ʦܣҹǶлˡ



ڰߣ⣬ͺá
ǱҲΪìܣ˶Ҫ뿪ԺˣΪʵ޴Щ
˵ЩҲеҲˡ

Դ̾˿

ʱġ
ټ죬·磬ʱ½ǻ÷ɣЩŵȷǷˡְȵſʱֽ¶պã䵭ף䡣

̧ͷʱֻıӰſҪֲ֪˵Щʲô˿еĻ

ʱûţʱΪǰµĵʱעߡʱˣֱӽ

Ϊ״Ҫ˵·̸֮¡

ȴδ˵¡
𣬵Ȼһȥԡð𺰵ȻŤͷʹɫ˵Ҳһ

ֵԲ۾ûļüŪʲô˼Сȥʲô

ʹͷѣôյֶ˵ΪȻȥԡãһڳúģʲô²˵
Һҵգݸ裬ʲôˡ
˵գգ۾·˵ʲôʮֿ׵ļƲһ㣬ҡ

Ȼ˵ͷͷǵֻԼٱʲôӣʲôԡãʲô裬ܸЩһȥĵط

ѾҪǰԲԲֵԴװĵʲô˼ǿ侲Ҿⲻ̫á

ʼʲôãǲֻùͷĸ䣿ԡûиĳӣһģ׿ʱҲȥʱ̹ЩСͶȥˣ

˵ãôһ˵ָͬˡҪܾͿѾ˳ʴԱ˵Ļ
ɫˡ

ɨʣ߰ɡ

ʻûӦ

üȥԡã

ǰǰ֣ȥûϴѣҸպ׿׼ˣ͵ˡ

ֵĿ֮Ƭ̣δãǲȥ˰ɡ⻰˵ڣڳ˶֪ѰƴǡϾЩӷǻԼȥԡԡġ

ջϵߣһζߣŤͷߡ

֣ʲôأ϶Ϊ㻹Ҫһ𡣡ʼúɸݡ

ʶԼķӦȷʵЩӲҲϲԸͺõĻᣬҧҧ߽ȥѣ߶˵ҡ






71.  ѧ׷   ù㡣


Ժѧǵӷʮִ, ԡøȫ춼ˮӦҲܹձԡԭ

ˮó㣬Ȼˮ

ǰ, ׼һԡõֶסŲ, ٳٲǰߡ

ԡõȷ˵, Ϊԡءһǲϲ˽Ӵѧõö, ԡϲֵѧǰáһһңִûߵһͷ
ˡ

ʾԼǻ᲻˼, ֪𿪿ڣ׿ȥһ, ֵԡû, Ȼú˵˵, ǰտ, Ϊġ
˵ͷΣ˵ֿǺһУʵڳܲ

ҧгݵǶл˼ˡʲôʱԡû˶ˣֱ

ʴ, ûߣļ򣺡Ƕֵܣл˵ͺ׿ˣĴһ̹ϵĿռ䡣

Զͣ, û, أԽ档

ֳһᣬǸȥ
˵Ȼٽ뿪˵ҲûȷʵǸͺõĻᡣ
ߣʶԼûǸʲôط

ͷȷûѧ, أ¶Ҳߣȫ춼ȵĳӡ
ɵоһᣬܲȪɣ

Ҳηֱ棬ֻطµ·ҲҼˡ
ֻƬ̣ȻͲˡ

ĿǾˡսг֣ͱͻȻǰŵ

֮ĳϳУÿһ˳ճÿһ鼡⡣
⻬ļϱˮƳһ㱡ľӨˮ飬ϡطֲϣˮ⡣Ҫֲá

ȵϢӿͳͳ䡣
һûϵôʱѶѺˡĿİͰͿڵ㡭ô

ɿ죬ձѬ÷죬һʱ䲻֪ԼǸȱ۾װû

վԭصʱ𿴵ߵˮأһ˿ǡ

֡ǰһץסǰˣһԶһЩվĵϣǸȥͷȥˡ

ֱͻңѪӿԴ±Ŀŵֱֱһͣͣͣȵȣ
û׼ٽһЩĻݱ¶ˣô

ûһһںŮ֮

ǷʱѾվ˱ԵôһˣȽһƬˮУһȥ

ʧ֮ʣֺһţֻüץסǰָȵϻûܽȻ

ӲվŴֻļ򴦣Ȼȥңڼ£ڱ˱סȵվԡ

Ǻ˺üˮȵ˺ѷΣԾʮܡֺݺĨ˰ճ۽޴ˮ˦ʹ˫΢죬Ǹոտ޹һ㡣
ĴϸѾʪ͸˺õò࣬ˮҲöۡǽ־ţˮݡ
һֶֻû㣬˼§ڻվš

һֻϣһű˵ϰһ
Щûֻµһ˲䣬ѽ˵ìԺֱ

ŵո÷ɿ죬ỹû侲ֻһƹĺ󾱣סĲӣžøһЩ

ʲôңܵţȴһң

Ҳ⣬˳Ļ˵ҡҲð㶪ں档
ִ֪ûߣȴΪ黳һֱڽ̸ȥѣûй
˵ݾ

ʱˮȴɵġ

еĿ־ֱøּʪѣϰʲôҲû

𣺡û

˵Ҫʲôˮƽϴˮɣ뵽ԼǺ˼ڣֻܶġ

һ仰ᣬǻˮ

ѵȪ
뵽

Լԭ򣬼£ֶԷû˼ˣϽʵ磬ǲԭ

ƿһЩ룬ĿźϵĴϡõͷ˿鷢ճձߣʪģˮ䣬һſԲ˫ӱˮ̵β죬˼Ȼ֮һֻ˵ˮ

ģƽȻͬŵ֪Ǵķ仹Ǿߴסʶشù㡣

ûע⵽ĲͬʼˣǰշͲҡ
ˮôʵܣͷߣԼ䱻ţҲˡ

磿ѯʵ

ʱŻعδɿ֣뿪˳ӡ

ˮָо̤ʵ࣬ͷԼ֮󣬲ʶˡ
ԭɣϲ˲߶ȥɴ˿ˮȫʪ͸˵ʲôҲزסˡ

æͷ֪Ƿ˲ԡɫƽδǽеġһͬ˳

ʱһˮļ䣬ˮڽʵļӿһ㣬ָϽŲۣ˦˦ԴԼǻˡ

ʪȥ˷Żѵֲϵˮ飬ʱѣֽԼ׼õĸɾѵݸ֣ͷ󣬻ˣ

ܾ̾⻻

ȴĻظһתȥľŶؽ
˲㣬ҵȻ㻻

ô˵ˣֻýϵʪѻ¡ֻǿǰͬʪ͸ĲãһˣǶʪһš

⴩ʪģֻȻỻϸѣؿһȦʪĻǸ˻ɡ
Ͽ࣬΢΢һҲ⡣

ϸԼľû⣬ţҺ

⣬Ա߾վλѧӣ˵ʲôֳѧӲ̸߽ﻻѡ

գգۣûİѧ˭ͱסȥ
Ҳ֪ô£֪ܶЦ

磬ǲ𣿡
ùܡ

㻹ҵʱҪ𣿡
û

⼸벻˵ѽֵôߣʵ
ſҪ˵ʲôǳĬˣûش

ֲ⣬ֱӶ˵ҿ˵ˡ
΢жݣ㲻ңҿѹˡ

ǰߵĽŲͣ£ؿ֣ȥ˵






72.  ѧ׷   񻷴˭Ů,Ա

Ϧ͸ķ϶ľ, ɢбǻμĽ

ࡣ

ľŽţͷ, ֤˽ǡ

ѧӲȥʳ, ȥԡϴԡ, ḽһʱ¼ž, ͷһҲûд

ֵͷʪţžԼʪ⡣ԭл˵, ֻƬ̣㰴಻ס, ȥȡɽ, ֵķ˿ɢ, һΪš

ȵָʪķ˿֮д, ʱͷƤһ顣̲סߺ͸е˿˳סʹ

ͷεĻǸ
˼ϢһЩ

ͲԼŪͷ, ڼŮæԺ¾ɢţͷԼɡÿضȥͻɡ

, ûйͷһ, ĬΪøʪΪ̫ϤҲñŤ˸̹ƣ뿿ں, ĺڷ

һֱŵģҪڸǵҪ֣ǵûл̻̲֮Уͣһж䶨Ҳĵαװ
ظĸоɢõϢ̲סȥȻᾪȣԽܡ

ӦòǺ߰ɡȻ֪ǴģĪԸΪӵҲᷴΪŮӵ

Ϲ룬ȴЩ̡

ļϷŵ˼ڻУϴµϵζһƹľ󣬹ͷ­š

ŸɽֱѾ¶ɫ磬ֻƾž룬˫·ס֮Ųǰʪ֮ϡ

ɼеķ˿Ҳһ㣬ȴָּͣ䣬ʱʱƳһ˵Ļȣ׷

ķβɨġָϸܲ⣬ݼţһж롣

һ㡣

ûʧա

֪Լʲôʱͣ¶ɫǰеĺڷѾ˳ɢǰ½֮ϡ

Ķ֮»˯Щ˯ȥֱͣѹ
ʶٶԴ˲ˣֱҪ̸̬

һۣͷǱˣǰ½ȴҲմʪһ΢΢ɫĲϹسλãֿڵ磬ҪҪȻѣ

ްҡͷҪֶ棬ȴס°ڡ

ֽںãʾ£
ǰýЩҲܸ۲Է̬ȣȻ̹׵ʱһ⣬Ҳüʱ֣Բת
һӣһһľ仰û˵ãֱӰŤͷߣס鷳ˣ

Ծ׼֣׼Ůװûϡ
ԭմŮװ̹ףԼٶһϧ񣬲̫ҪȥҲʵ̫⣬ҡŵٴ
νգֻǲ֪˵ȿڡ

յĿ⣬е뷨ָʲôأ
ԡзġ·ǰһĻڱǼܰ㣬ǰĴУµ
·ڰʾֵĲͬѰ

ǴδɹΪһոһյ̹ٶġοҲȥ룬ΪŮӣ֪˷񶨵֮Խܡ
ǡȥ²Ǽȷʵˡ

еϲͬʱ̽ͷһϲİλԹؽӭȢؼңһڵģֶǣǺŮ֮ǷδййͬԼһ˼Ƿֻǽ֪ͬ

ڸĹǣδ֪Լ£ǷУʵǲġ
֪㲻أ

ӵ˼·Ժ֮нս֪Լһ뷨촽οϣȴʼûʳʲô

ֵȲȿڣϵ¶˵̫ԽһЩҪͣǱôʱװԭ֮ʱ˵
˵֮˵ʱ뵱ϣ¶ǰ

һЩסԼʺλ죬𾪵Ŀнץ𣬰Լĺ䡣 

֮ʱֶֹ̫죬ֻĵײĿܣȵӦ֮ʱָѾǰϸƽļ֮ϡ

̲סҪĦȴֲòѹסĳ嶯ӲָҶҲԸջء

ּɴץָԼʺλ磬Ůӡ
ûкᣬࡢѸʵķӡ

ǰû¶κԽܵųɫӦѸ˵ǰҲǹġ
ܿˡƭʣ˸ºͶڽܵġʵΣôʶһЩ

ʱһزǵǰ뿪ԭؼңʱԴ꣬ҲʱӲáļ䣬ԼѴദ˵Էۡ

ʱҼ˴ұѰҽҳҩģûáֱ״ȥӣպʹʦң˵Ϊ̫أѹסֻŮװܿŹءͣű¶Լ⣬Ҵʦ˵ʮܻŮװҲ㵽֮ʱ֪㡣

Ȼģص㣬ʶ֮װʾˣҲԾ֪ҡ

ȻûֱӺŪȥҲûϵô⡣˼һ£һĴ𰸣ǵ뿪ԭ֮ʱǴһȹװҪ񻷸㣬ȻʵŮӡ
£ֻ˵ʱвûŮװֱӱ˹ȥ񻷹Ҳ˶ˤȱһ顣

ǵҪ֮ǰ¾Σģ֪ûô¡

Ȼ뷽跨ҪҲൣǣźĴ𴽽ǣЦɵ񻷴˭ŮԱӭ񡯣磬ʮأҲ֮еĻû뵽أҿͰʾ

ԣʫдĶεö񻷣ֺֺֻЦԼû˼ΪûиֶЩ飬ȻŸ񻷡óʾԼŮݡ

ò˵ôһͣеᷳ˲ʱɢȥ
Ҳ˵ʲô޹أֻǼЦգԶҲֻ뽫ţ¡궼ʱһ˲źá

֪ҶϲԺ˵
ԺһѧȻ˵Ϊ飬ȡ֪һжǳ˽İˡ
֪ʵŮӣһҲǾӦŮװ˵ġ

ִʱѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôԹˣھҲһѽ

ǰȻöͨ죬òЩݵÿաԡ

ÿնѡ˱ܿ˵ʱ򣬶ֻȥһߵĸ䡣㿴ôˣҲû˷ѽֽ͵ǽӲҪȥ˵˵ҲŲȥأ
˵ֵֻǸơ

ȴʮֲ޳ɣ˼ˣ˺˼ɣָΣ
뵽ŵԼ
ȻֱվǰҲ֪Լ᲻Ǹͽӣ

ֻһ˵ֻ뵽ѧİǰܡ
Ƴϵˣ뵽һ£Ƿ֪

ʱӻбȳӲ⣬˵ҽ⴫֪Ůӣֻ뷽跨ˡ

诶֪
ӣɫްǲˡ

Ҳ֪ԼôŪȥϾ֪Ҳ˵ѽ
˰죬ʵʵ˵лҵȻ㷢ˡϵģõ

֪𵭵첻ʵܽôԼŮܲסû뵽񷨵ʵԼ

뵽⣬ԥ˳֣ؼô
ԺͷϾӣʱﶬʱڣҲʵһЩͷȣᱡֻױ¶

ֹҡͷ롣
֪ﵣʲôչȥûѽ磬㻹Ҫȥǲμǣٹһ£ǾҪ뿪ԺˣĻܣ֪ģ

֣Ҫһ㡣

뽫ŵַ£δ־ḡһ룬ջء

յü·ֻҪԵͷŻֻҽĿƿȴԲСɵĶϡ

ӰӹȡðҹĻ·ֳǰ

ƶصϼɼС׸ӳ
ͷֱײбܣֻ鲻ԽҪ뻳УԼ̫³çײ
ֻǴβȴƲס¶Ц⡣

Ө׵ĶǰΣ֪ġ






73.  ѧ׷   ԶҲ޷ܡ


˵֮, ־ԼԺûжı䡣
˿ʼʮעԼĽӴƽԷϿζҪһпֵܳ֫崥֮⣬һжܺáҲ, , 

ֵһ, ˶ƺܵø, ڡ

𱻹ӽйȥ£ҵֵ˵Ļᡣ

֣ǰˣɫɻ, ôֵֹġ

ȥԡ֮𼸺˵Ļ, ˵, ҲҪԶ, ʻʱʱյĿ, ֵ̫ˡ

ԭΪѾͺãǰҲ棬ȻͬԼҲֲ, žìһ㡣

ִ

֪ķΪʲôԡҪһȥš
˵ֻעĿ, ױ˷, Ƕȥ

ԭȻܸʣֻó˸ڣǿҪˣЩǰɡ

ʱ仰һ, Ҳûֲֻźۼؽ뼫ʸ֤֮ľ롣

ŭĿӣҪ𾿾ʲôΪÿÿֹϵþͲˣѵǼԵѣ
ӴĿۿɼʧƣĬĬ˺׿ϣŭԵؿǰ˵ĺ󱳡

Ĵյߣס䣬ܿԼĽӽ磬ϱңʶòԾ

ӣܵϴϢᣬҪ˳Ŷʽס㿪ĳ嶯û㡣
ֻŮӣԼǰŲ֪ǰ׽ʱȻ֪ˣ㲻˲ڡ
οҲð

ֿҪĶ㿴ƽ㶼ġ

Ҳ֪νֻͣҪӽ֣̲סȥˮʱģ̲ס뵽峺˫̺촽
ʺԾ˶ŻסԼڵ֣Ҳǽ⡣

ֻḲϱߣһȶûֱ֮ϡûпܵ˼ſڵǵ㡭᲻ǰǰദ

ȻԴеĲ־Ӻȥˣ˵Ҳġ˵ҵ£

Ȼǡ𲻼˼ϡ

ַס֣׷ʵɻԣ

δ

Ǳǻǰǰ㣬òã
Ź⡣

룬ԶҲ޷ܾġ



Ǽѧ뿪ԺǵӣǶǵĿҵϸʱʱҪ¡ۡ

ȻǷǵصעһ߽п಻һֻøдҵỹҪνдøá
ҲҪȥһ㡣

Ȼ֪ȥƿּȻԸѧȻ᲻̡

ָŷµĲ⣺ۼ֮˵
ָ֪Σ

ѲǸѧӵܣ˵̫ѣ˼ΪūУסһӦսšԵ·ˡԡ֮ƣԻ˻ĿʼȻڣԼԸլ⻵丹׽ģ֮塢֮״֮ĺС

ףɰ̼裬֪ΪΣ

һ˼˼ãвս֮֮ЧȻ󣬡һ˵ֹڿշѱǷܽС

΢Щ죬ִ֪ϻۣȴû뵽Ľѧ˵ͷͷǵ
Ϊ֮˵УԸѣ

ЩסˣȻͷһҪóۣʵԾܾ˵ĶЩ

ü˼ҲģһԵţ˳ƽĿҵʲô

֣ǰеЩֲȷһҲ޵ʵǵʱĺĵбūֺαŪЩֻ֮Ĺڳūĸţ
Ǻĵ۱͹飬ʢЩʳūУҲ˵һЧܻǵи󺺣÷ʧ

ÿɷֻ˵һ䣺Ȼ³֮԰֡˵Խ䵥ڡΪΣ

ҪѾشˣ˼ƲҲͦõģ
ܡ˼Ӱ˼Σ
Ȼ¹ʲôĵȷȷ仹׵ģƲ߶ڵ˵Ȼ߾裬Ҫվˡ

ëʷ£˵¹Դ˼ư֣Ȼǿ޹̹⽻֮Ǵ˼֮Чū紦֮ּԣΣӡ

˵ûָ˻ˣȻһѵõĳɾ͸У·Լʲôǰδɹ֮¡

ŻͰ͵С¶ЦݣҲ̲࣬סЦǡּΪϻۣһͨ

ֱò˼־Լȷ˵һϻۣӹıʣ׼ʼдյĿҵ磬̫ӼۣȻҪң
뻹ЩڴϾӿɼûôѧأ

ͷд֣ὫĴµ𣬲ֽϵīմȥ

̫鷳գΪ͸ԺǷַѶִŸɿ塣룬ɴཫܹﲻţдֻࡣ

ӹۣźϵýģõҺá
ΪȥԲ̫⡣û˻ͻȻֵ£ѧͷǶȻġ

һдŽյĿҵûע⵽˵ĶعŷһֱΪī

˿ҵоûѹЦ磬㲻㰡
㣬ī
û뵽һ졣

пյֵʧЦҿɲǺ䡣

ͻȻսǰķβһмֱͦıΪĿ߱סӰϡ
˫ڳӣĶ΢΢ӳˣ˫ۡ
ĽëţеĻ·ͫʱֱš

Ⱥ仹Ҫÿ૵
ֻ棬ôһϸ¶Ļ

ϰʱʱĺôʣҲ֮ľ룬ѹ֪Ӳݣ㡯һʲô

ǰ˫ͬëϵĴīͷοһ㣬ֱֱһκɫŨīлɢɿ˿ߣɢۡġ
ţǱƻ㣬Ժտգ˴ӱǼ䷢һڣȻ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôˡ

ɣ»΢ƣĶϡľǻŶԷķ·ɫʼʼŷʲô㺣ԿƣΪ֮ս

еİ˸־ʲô˼УĿհڸţһʱ֮Ա

סҪӣԼ֮ϡ

Щʧ˫Ը֮ѡ
ҲָЩʲôˡ

еĺ仰ȵ˺ʵʱҲ˵

ӴӲݣ㣻ɣ»缫֣᣻ұ޸






74.  ѧ׷   Ĺ

³ǡ, ȻδĴԼǲ֪ˣӲҪ
Լ, ʱҶæ, ֲԺ, ûͬһ, ˶ʮģҪԼһ㡣

˷ܾ׿Ҳס, ֻܿܵǰ𣬽һΪ, , ĪҪ֣

, ǲ˵, Ц˵

Ҫȴסᡣ

, ʳͷĲ˶ǳ˸飬ζˡ͵͵Ժͷ˵˻Ͼ¥Ĳʳ˵϶ôζ, Ҳͼʡ

Ȼŷ, ͵͵ǽߵԺűߣֽһʳûߵҡҡλΣ׿һԿ, ûһӲڵϡ

׼á

Ϊİ󣬰ڲôˣǻľ˹ƴһ𣬲Ÿоӡ
ԺЩӶһģһƴһҲк֣ϵýֶԴʮ⡣

ʴŷ˻ʱʳѾ׿ˡҲûţﱧ̳ƣͷ첼סǾѾȥĶӡ

̳ʮۣһ۾ע⵽ˣѽʣ㾹Ȼ͵͵ؾƺȣ

Ųأʽеϻ׷ӿҵĻһġ

ֻΪҲ򷹲ʱһģû뵽ȻǴӰ׷Ƕõġ룬Ծ׻Ҳȷǰ׷ܸɳ¡
ңȻɽľƣǾǺȵʱץˣҲиɽˡ

㻹Ǻܿ׵ֿҲ֪Ϊͷ¥ķʳΪ̳ơ
ǰȾƣֻܾʢͣƣʵЩϧʵ̫ˣֵʱ˾Щ

ɫ֪ʲôѵܶȡ

ִӦ÷ɿ죺

һںãмһÿǰиС豭װŰˮʵͷ崼Ҷࡣ

ʾ豭˸߲ҵ˵Ҳû׼̫ףʣףǸУչ˺ͨ

׿ӹףſڱտھǿƿ١ֱƽб˵֣ڴ˺Ըóġ

˵ˣҲһߣֱĲ豭ǰһ󣬲Ц˵磬ףÿ춼ģףǽһÿնһ㣬࣡

ȾЦ⣬֣оˮá



ʹˣǳԵñ

˺棬ƴһһɵ÷ɿ죬Ҳס˵£Ը֡

һ̳Ƽʷֹ⣬˶ȵò٣ֲúܣֻſϣſſؾ󣺡ɣ

һٷԵ¸ͬ壬Ҳôȥ׿ʣ֣ǻذɡ

УʴͷѾ˵һûֳַʤ

׿н߬ŵĲ豭ƭӮˣˡ

ģ˫ۣѷֲϦϦֻҪȵֵͷУֻȾƣ׿ô˵ˣǻذɣҪúЦ

ǵýȻ׿ûԽӡ

˿ԭԸֵ
ߡ߿ѵúܣ˫ֻЩʧ񣬷·治˭һ㣬Ĵ
մŷɫϻմžˮӨ⡣

ƫӣס֣ڵȥߡ
˫΢ķŵǾ棬ջĿ⣬Ҫ첻ı

׿֪ԼΪλ뷨ȷʱͷʣ֣Ȼȥˣ־鷳ˡ

Իչ˺׿ĻЩİֺ뱻鷳

Ŀ׿뿪ռԼĿ꣬ɫЩã

˶Էãϳ˭磿
Ϥ̲סսһЩлʣµİ뱭ƣ𣿡

ӹеıӣҲֱӷϣ֣ˡ

ûС죬ϵʶ߾ƱĶʮֲ⣬ѱԼȣˡ
ŻиһֱںԼȾţ죬ʵأȾƣ

ûע⵽ǰڣгУ޷͸΢͸Σգˡ֣ҵҲ

ЦǚG

յ̫Լ׼ʲô񡭡

ʲôأ
벻ˣɴ౧˱֣硣

һƵ걻ͻȻţֿƲס̧𣬶ڰã˶ԷıϣԼа˰
֡

ϡ÷յĶʼͣ΢΢ɬӯ

ǰͻȻһҪĻ
ΪԼ̫ͻһʱЩš

ȴԵЩżӻ壬ģʵʲôʱˣ

͸ҹɫʱĩδʱ
ѵʱƽЪϢʱϨơĪǾ̫ˣҪЩ˯

ʱڼʲôû뷨ײײҪߣΪ̫ע£ǡ

𿴵ۣæסҪȥģ

öҲʶԼһ˲̫ĿģֱӸ뷨ϣȥ䡣
ֱִϣ˵Ǳ߿ڶԷߡ

ȥԼС֮򿪣һչʾߵǰ

Ƿɫȹɢһ京ŵڴУǶԲ飬ͬմʪ¶ˮһӨ

ԼջŮװѰԼѱõһǽͷϣȥҪˡ
˾ƣŴ˵ĻҲ˵塣

뿪ĽŲԵңǼǵΪӡ

ҹžѾվ伫Զλãܲ׽ϸĦ
ҽ˫۱ϣԼøֻ࣬վڴߣŴӷ϶д磬ƽԼе궯

֪˶ãĽŲ

Щ⣬Ѿվȡ

תͷӳһֻ֣ӱ𣬽ƵȹڣƮƮƽضֻ䣬ס˫Ľš

Ů˫ͫˮžƺ֮ɫԣͶһƳ

ݶһֻۣķ볾ֹסֻǰˣĶҡ֪Ǻá

в֪ԼĴǰ˶ĳΪʲôվǰԶ񲻸ҿһ
֮⣺ѽ

߹ǰ˸ȦȹɫϸŵĻ׷ɣ·׷ĽۣͬŮԶǷˡ

ԣûȹװһתͣûȦԴΣֱֱײʶתܡ

˾ƣֺתȦͷ۵ܲˣϸ׵ָק䣬ʵ磬Ǹϲ𣿡

šǻҪҵ𿪣ȴѹмҪ˺ļŬסԼıܣֻӦһֺΪãߵĴĥʹ۵ļ

ֲݵĻظѵÿ𣿡
°̧ͣͷԼش

ȵָ䵽Ŵ磬Щϣůɣͬһ࣬ȴֺʵý϶һ

ÿƲۣĹ

ˣϲ˲䣬΢죬ҲһǰˣҲǡ
̫ˣҲ̫ˣ˼京ĻͿ˯˹ȥ






75.  ѧ׷   Գĳۡ

ѹʱ, ڴϡ

ɴ±ȥ˿Ƶϡȹͷƴڶ, ׺, ô˯һҹ, ֻᱳʹ, ·ڵϹһ⡣

ˣҹŪ߰ķ˾ˮѾʰɾ, ˬˬͬҹʲôҲûһ㡣

ע⵽ѹ, õˮõ, ϴ

ôЩԼĿ⣿
, ҹƺѾȫǵ, ֻǼԼѣǺȻǵԼƻõ£

ΪȹԲҿ
ɣܲǰѰɣ
뵽޷ֳĬ, ſʵ磬ҡ

δ˵꣬׸𲹳һҹ¡

ȴͻȻŤͷҹ֮£㶼ˣ


ɵٿۻôԼϵѡ

ظ, ΪԼʲôĺŻ¡
Һ, ô𣿡

¡˶٣ҹ˵ҪŮװҿ

۾һ, ôһ˵ȷЩӡ󣺡ǡأ

˯ˣҽ㱧شϡ

ô˵ҪϹҹǻҪлЦŵл鷳
̲ס򣺡»ػҲҳȥɡҹѵҺѽ
˵شֱӵһǻԺѰɣһᣬһȥʳ

յòŰȥɴµĻ棬Ҫѡֱӽ˴ͷǺܻģʹһӣæ˳䡣

ֻѣڴߣҹļȻ
ԼôƴƣԼôӲҪȹӸԼǰתȦȦסԺԼе¶Ժơ

ͷ˰ΣûǷʲô鷳һ֣

ˡӦȷԼ룬ƿ˳ȥ

ĳɢţָֻ˳ˡ𿴲ȥ£ֽͷֱ𣬽Ų֪Ķóһ֧ľķ䡣

ᣬ䱦һ㣬³ŷ˿Ūۣ֣Ůʮ弰ǣȻѴʮȲңұΪ񡣡

ֱֻΪԼͷû뵽ΪԼ׼ͷԼ̧꣬ͷϵӡ

ǰ
װãˣŮǸʮмġ
ȥŮװвԸܣҲδȴ·ϣΪ纷ǡ

Ǹ˯ѵԶ̫ᶨţ۽Ǿʪɬָж

磬㼰ڵʱҲҪۼӹڡ
£Ȼ֮䣬Ҳۼ֤ЩȲ֮ˡ

ǰꡣ
ܽǴأǴδ˴ؼʱ
ôҲü˲ǡ

ĻѩڣȾЩ⡣ЩбŪãá



õĻ棬ҲʱΪ֮ͣ

ԺϾʺϴӣֲòľպãѧõͷһȥʳԷ

ĥãȻżʡ˯Ͳѹʳֻ˵Ҫսʱֳ

ֿɲٺȣܾʣŵҲټԺͷ˵ȾƵˡ

֪һ𣬵ԺҵʵڷأɴͷһʱأһֻдҵЪϢ

ֻ֣ô˵ʵ׼Ųʶ˴š

ֻϧôһ֣վ͹òˣ˵ĽҲʵòصţҵҵؿʼдλµĿҵ



ҹѧˣЪһᣬֵĶ̫󣬴ֻĽȥŲһӣչǡ
⿴ԼֱһֽȻġ

һƽƽֽ֮óһСΡֽ̫ʮСĲδԵ˺

Ƶ£ʮָɣֽͶ¸ָӰӣɶá

һᣬۺе󣬳һ߿չȥ

ǽ鶯Ĺ˫ԾѾе鱾ƿصʵ磬õʲô

ע⵽Ķֽ㰺󣬵Ҳǽͷ򵽵ģ˻ٻϸ΢ֽ˺׽ֺű˺ССһƬֽ֮Ϸ۵ҲС
һŵ⣬̫Сֵ˫ֵסֻԼԼһЩԵʵڲ֪ʲô
Ըɨֵ£µдֵֽ

ҡҡͷӣʮֽ´ޣٲ£

ֽӣƺйı߽߱ǽǡ

ǲԣЦӯӯҲΪǰ꣬磬

˳ӵ˫֣̯ǰ

һŵС
ֻƳļǣϱһСһķΰûԴֻһ๣һβ͡

ǧֽסֽ͵ǲǺɺף

ֽأǰ˵ġǶԸĿԶ˳˳ɣ

ֽ׷аһᣬûп۵ġ֮ܽ𿪣ֻģϧúܣȻ֮ܽٻ

ֿȤԼ˺ֽù˺СΣ׼ߵۡ
ֽףһһ۷ֱȽϼ򵥣ûСǺܺÿֱֽ߲˵ҿԶѽô϶һѧͻġ

˵㽫һŷֽݸʾԼĶ
۵չ𣬰ѹ

ֻһ飬۷ģһв趼ӡС
ֽ֣Ƭۼ֮޴ԭء

Ϊˣ㽫ʾֽײظһ飬δѧᡣ
ЩɻѵԼ̵̫ˣʵѧѧ᣿

ʵ벻׵ס˵˫ְֵ֣شһֻ
ƱԼĴˣָֻղסֻ֡

ֽۺãɿ֣׼صԼǶȥ²ֽٽһ۷
ֻһɿ㱻Էס̫Сղסġȴܸպý

ֱֵϣֽֽͬһ㣬ֻֽ²𿪣ǣֵָֽµĺۼһء
꣬ſֵ֣µ֮⣬·һ㣺һˡ

ؿ˿Լջصֱ֣ƺĵıĴС
ֻ֤Լѧ

̨ϵ֪ʲôžֵ˼

Ѿ˺òֽ׼һֻ

ĿѴŲ䵽ӳ÷Ų֮ϡ

ˣ˱Ȼ
֪ɫԳĳۡ






76.  ѧ׷   һؼҰɣ

ת½ӽβ, Ժѧɢɢؿʼʰ׼뿪ԺϿˡ

ԭԲҪѧǽ, ϵѧ⿤μӱǡΪԺ, ͢ʮ, ҪЩѧֱǰ, 뾩ǵһͬԡ

һΣԺȻļˣ綨˸ΪѧС

ԺѧӴ඼ǿŵ, ֱȥμӾǵԱǣͬ֡Զ֮ѧ, ǲŹ, ôӸԻԺԿʼС
µױ, ѧӱûʱԺļ, ֻþ뿪Ժܹ鲻ЩǣĿӱǣҲڡ

Ѿģͷ̫, չкůѧǵϡ
վڳԺѧĵط

ʱŨгʢƮɢڿеĹ㡣ʱ, ȴ, һΪС

ĺȥ˵ЩѾԺѧӣǽ˲һ֣ҲѾڴ˵ضȹʱ⡣峿ѧڵ, ҹ˾ʱҹļʱ䡣

ѧ֮ʱйӴǣʱʮλѧӡ

ʱȴվˡԺзӣɽҲǰǵǰǼʮλѧӡЩԵͬҲм֮ԵѧӣΣǶԡԺѧӡˡ

׷ӽԴǼ䳤ۣ紺սʱԱΪΪЩ̵ѧָ
ԭȳŵһ㣬Ǵ˵жʮ״Ԫ죬ÿλѧӵľƱ֮Уֻ̫࣬ССһڣȴ·ǻ׳־С

λȱҪΪʦδ̹ȶ²ۣⱭоĪȴգȴԺȴѧʱı־
ƾ裬Ⱥܽ

˵գͷɢµĳ𣬱һɺ֮

һϯ˵ü򵥣ȴȼǰѧǵһǻѪ˫ֽƱ߾ǰ̵ѧģ

ÿλѧӵĶ֮ϻŵĽ֮ɫȥֻдĻ磬Ҫһвڰաȼ·̣ⷬҪµ



ʵصᣬʼʰԼĶ

׿ԶԼй󣬱ֱ̻ؼҡ

ȥ˾ǣ˳Ļ֮дǣһǴܻؼҡѧǶϧŻᣬ׷׼ƻ뿪ԺȻؼ븸ĸٴӼ̸

ԺʱûжٶֻһССѧôãȻԽԽ࣬紲ֱ֮˴ҪȥĶǲ١
һСӲʰˡ

ͼ򵥶ˡʱֻһ뿪ʱֻͬ

磬Ҫԭ𣿡ֱȷԼʰˣ

áСӰᵽͷ 

ֵͷ
ȷʵԭҲûˣԵѧӻؼҶΪ˿Լĵȥֻܶſյӣͽ˻

һؼҰɣߵߣʵ

á

ûϵôϾͬ⣬һʱסûϻ

ϵ֮ɫ̫ԣ͵ؼҹҲǾӦô

ôһ˵ֲŻȻ
ԭȵԼ
뵽ԼԼؼʱܾﲻԡ

磬ҼҵиܵܡɵƤˣҪ˵ʲô㲻ģ㲻ôȻҪȥбҪһ¼

̧˵иã

Լ˵ʲôʱ˵Ůӣ˵иãʵԼûõġ
ˣᱻ𣬵Щչȥգۣ㲻ƭɣ

ģҲˣֻɫ͵ɻʲôҵģ

ûûСּҪġ

˵꣬ȻԼƺҲġ
ҪҪأ

ϵĳ֮ɫУǣ޷²⵽ʲô£δԣٲ鿴һǷ©Ʒ

߰ɡͻȻ˼ŵ֡
ȷ²Ը֪͵ȵԸ˵졣



˼Уǰ㣬˶ſڵ
ãҲֻһͷš

أ

ǰջﴫѶǵձȥˡûͷαϣ˴ϵʵ˭

ֽߣʶһ£𡣡
ָɢ״˵ҵܵܣ־ͺá

ӣ𡣡ģµøУԼĿ֮ɫ·ԼҪռһ㡣ϾǰֵĵܵܣҲʾá

Ļ֣⸱Ȼļƣ˰죬˾䣺㡭磬ҪסǼң

硱ѣԴ֪Ůӣװˡ

𾪣֪仰뵽ʲôֵ¡ָָ𣺡ôˣԺʲôˣ
˵æֻ󣬸һ˫ƵԲ۵ɵôģ·һҪ

ķӦֵֻӿָ֣ˣҸġЩʲôأ
ȻײڣҲúʲôԸܼΪʰһͷͺá
һؼҵģƽѧȥˣ׺ʱպ͵øˡ

֪ҸͷšɰͰ͵شȴøϽߵ£ˣסˣ

һطˡƹߵߣ磬ƽϣСӲ£ҴȥͷЪᡣ

ĺ˭Сӣ

ֲŲͷߣǽ챼һգ۵úܣûʱ߳ˡ

ģǸعͷɨһۣǵһڳЦס㣡
뵽к˹˷Ըʲôٻӻȥ

ֶ˵ӰѾʧÿ˫ۣ˻µЦݳϣѾȲˡ

һͷֽΪ׼ķСȻҪõ֮꣬ܿ

ʹϵ׽ңҲλˣǼͷԼסСԺЩ롣²Žһп𽻴

ڷв鿴һƷǷ뱸Ϊõˮһڣ磬Ъգձ̸˵ףǡˣϣֻѰˡ
׼ʲô£ʶһԼѣ˽һԼƽڸʲôˡûϣҲҪġ

ҵܵܿƢãĻǺܺõġʱ˵̫⣬㣬ҡҵЩԶѰС㴫ͺá

޾ϸضʱȴҲûףԼΪദϾҲֻҪһնѡοʵڲУţǳ棬Ҳһʱ档
ܹ鵽ң͵ñ֤𲻻

ȻӣܾͲˣӦҲίԼһǵöཻ䡣

ԼĹ뿼ǣ᲻ôϣֻһֱȥдЦע֣ʱʱˮڸɣְš

ֱֵĶӷꤵͣ죬Լ̫£Ҳ֪û

ǡŮȥţΪεĴ
˫һ뵽ԼҵĲʳ̲סϲǼҳĽϲ˿ɺóȻһЩ

áĿʶǣֻϣӦ






77.  ѧ׷   Ը֮¹


ֻδ, ŵƮ㡣
üӿ˲ӣߵ

Ϊֻˣ˷, Ҳûż, ֻѡƽǼ, 𳢳
Ϊǲ˵Ů, ӣͳϵİϺȥûסͱϵһ̲Ŀ⡣

Ǹ״, ɫ֦ɽϸɿ, ˸ֽ, Ǹˡ

ִ, ȷԼδڼеķϼ̧ͷЩ, ʲô鷳𣿡
ָ˼ѿڣҪԡˣ

ȡĲֵԶԡɫȥԼĿġһԲ˵Ŀӣһνġ

鿪ڣھ֮꣺, ǼгѧĲˣŽ»ʳѡ쳢

лܡ治ɫ֮С

ּ, Ͻֹ, ⶫžжԡ
ʾĿӣ˵ôãԼôڸƣ

¿ӣ, 㵽ıߣ

ֱ׳ģָ϶⣬׼ͼʳС

üҪ˹ȥɫ䣬æʵ㻹𣿿ĶʣҪҪ

ֵΣ㣬ѵ¶ôܵأ

ת֣¡ȷʵζܲδ˵㲻˽š

𣿡ֽδŵطʵ

ķӦ;òԡ˷ѳԵý˾Ȼ˵ζѵǳĳշǷΪ棬úóˣ
ֶ̫ԣһᣬһʳУŻͳԸ㿴

ĿתעУɫѿҪʳ£ȴַ·ʲô綾һ㡣סΣ̲ס˸յӽ֮˳
ĩ˻͹һˮ΢΢˹

̧ͷϵľдšȻ⡱ֻ֡Լ͵ɷʴףһ̹Ȼһۣͷݺݳ˼ڷ

ֲŲܹԼϹĲˡһ۾ͿһΪ˸һ
𣬹ĵҪˮ𣿡
һСڶǳһӣŵûʲô

ްȲݣʱкζ͵ڼҲԾԾʱ֮סӦϲ
˵Ÿ˿鶫Ÿ˰Ϻ

˵ֶҲʧ£ֻԼĲ˶˼ڣõϺҲ

㣬ôϺҪԵĻҸˣ׽ǹֵζȥͼȻ÷·˵Ķ߷߿ڡ

־ܵΪ˺ù£̧ƳһۣҪôҰ

һĸͬó棬һƬƬϺǾԴۣôһʣֱƿԣɴŤͷٿǣ˸۲Ϊ

ֵ徲Ե㼫ˣԺñ˵Ȼȥˣԡ

ͷҲ̧㣬ͷһؿʼûǷ񵱳ȥԺʶ˸ʲôͬ
ðװ׾ģĶȻǺڵģ
û뵽ȥһ˰Ժ㾹Ȼƫˣǰˡ

ԽԽߣһ߰ŷһŵȵҹһҪȥ˵˵Լ׵ܵܣ



ǻʱѾɫ磬ֻΪڵûʱѾȥֽͻؿͷδȥֱӱԼӡ
ձۣʲô¶˵ЪϢǡ

ԡ꣬ҪЪµʱ򣬾⺰
òʲôҪֵ

Ĳӻ𼱻ǣ߽˰£ߵ㣬Ǹ׽Ǻ׽

ôˣ֪ҪʼүƢˣҵĿˣ㲻ôԴˡ

ֻǿˣȷʵ
Ĳδʲôģ

ûô࣬䷴ʶԸǰĲ豭ϲǣԻȥˣҪ˯ˡ

˵ֻǿˣԼˡͿˣҲ˳һȥˣ˯

ͺҵĺõܵܡΪŴ򿪣뿪ȴվ⡣
ס磬£

꿴һۣĿ䵽ϣɫ䣬˵£ֻտкΰţ

ֻգֻڼܣûҪţȥͷ䣿

ءϣڷá
˵꣬Ҳһݣ

ȫûĿʲôԸԼͺˣαһˡ˵ˣֱţЪϢˣһذɡ

á

ֲʶֲסһһݡֻý˶ЩĪɴ಻ȥ룬ֱ˯ˡ

˼𣬹ĴǶֱɫѵؿű˴ˡ

΢΢ǰλãзѾǣ಻ǺͯӦΪãΪأ

׽úܣΪ˵ѾʮֲʾҪֵĻһ㣡

𲢲̬ȣ˵ңҵһˡ

ҽ˵ǿˣԺӰֵģ̸֮ѵˡ˵ŤͷͻԼҲԷ

СֻһˣŸǰСԺȻԼ֣̽Էס
֪ʱİΪסԼŮ֮Ϊǽܵ׽Щʡ
ȥ



գͣ˺һȥţȴ֪Ȼ׺ȥˡ

ôôͻȻ
ҹûϢ͵ˣ

Ҵæϵȥȴ˸պ̸꣬һ仰Ҳû

ֻ͵գЩġһ̸֪ʲô˾ףˣҲѰ֪һ䣬˵ʲôأ

üǣ֣ḧֱֶ׾ͬļ䣬ԺΣ㵣ģ׻ɣ

˼ֳŲأõ

üԸ˽Ŷɣ׳Щ
ƵƵ׿˵ùţĥ˼ˡ
˵շԸŮط

ȥıӰôһֱܿԼĿ⣬ѹԼ

üΪʢֶࣺܵ˵׼

ѽֽӹ룬ձ׼ʰأ

Ϊӵԣüü

ûϵʵֱӣסһ˲Ŵǡ

ֶЩ㡣λҲֶദŮװǼҴС㣬׻һͬȥӣΡü˵ϸһļ䣬ڼУһ󣿡

˵ҲڼСĥΣֳɵѾ˵ãҪһͬȥǵġ

֪ž˵¡ǴӦˣһ󡣡üɫȰĶΪŮ㣬οӸԣȥˣ飿ȥҲ١

ûע⣬׷ʵͬˣ

üͷ϶ԥƬ̣ðɣڼҴšԽȥǡ
ˣЩģźǰ뿪ȥѰǷҪԸ

ߵʱŰ볨ţ㱻ӭ˽ȥ
磬ղһ𣿡żɽֱʵ

ͷ˵ûһֱװʾˣʱ㡣
뵽Ժеʱʵ˹ϵǰãҲ̫֪ԼŮ֮𡭡
ⲢԸԭ

ϲװԸΪ׼װϲλҲԸΪüֻҪߣʲô£Ը֧

˵Ļڶߡ
ӣ¸ĸģҼȻֶףȻΪøࡣʲôᣬҲĪҪΪףһǵһ䣺ֶʲô˼

ѶԴԤϣ̹еĻ˵
ð֣Ը֮¹

λšǰ֣װȥԺѧҿԲƽϡչ㸰һŮң̸ָ
Ӳãܵǲϡһ첻µزµӡ˵£ԲȥǵѰѹء
һ˲ţºֶʶ֪֪ףʮ⡣ֻջԣūδ𣬺ԼΪΪжҵɼңĪŮ˽鵢ǰ;
ӣ˵Ҽֶ֮󣬰֮ʱٻȢ񲻸ã֪Σ

ǵȥ㣬ǵøдšкζȱҲֻܸ֪ҡ
֪Լ׵ĶԻֻΪȷԣҪƧ黷˵Ҳʵûб粵ء

áӦ
˵ȷܳŵʲôԻ֤ʺϰֵǸˡ

ĿǰŮϣҪ֮УȥƬδ֪ǰ·

һǰ






78.  ѧ׷   ĳˡ

Ѿ뿪ĸˡ

ڴ, ָͷӣʱӦԡ
죬ϸľŰ, úüա, ʶ, ʱ̸, ӦܸϷŰգ
뵽⣬ִӴ, ȷͷû˺Žգʰ

Щȥ, , ǸϾǸ, Щλ֬ϲ, ҲǡĸҲЩԲˣ²㣬Ὣ
粽, òԼڼԼˡ

ȻЩ⿤뾩ԶһһҲ, ļÿÿ˵ȥ, ͻᱻüȫԸԣȥɲء

˼֮ҪǷԸȥѰˡ

Ȼˣܹ, ȥҲӰԡɴն࣬պðֱߣ˾дűƽ

ƻ˳˷㣬Ϊ˲ݾߣһƽظѰŮȥ

ѰΣղڼУԷϽüˡ
ѣʱ£Ĳɣüضп˲ˡ

üȥɴŮΪˣֹĵ֣кҪ˵

ûûʲô⧲һʣҪ˵Լȥǵ£ĿİͰͷϡ

üؿһᣬʱͻȻΪ㰲Ͼɡ

ϲ̫죬һʱûӦظһ飺Ͼ
üͷϲʵͬȥ

üЦŵĶͷٲͬ⣬Ů֪ҪʲôءԿĸǲһаźãٷЩ
ö࣬ʱϾɷŰûо٣ҲŮ˾ˣҲΪοˣ

ֲ֪ü뷨Ͼ֮ϲЦտչȥ׵



õʱգӦԷŰͷһյǡȥѰһͬ
Ϊ˸ϲûǰŸ֪ΪЩӸ·Ŷûʱġ
ɼƻϲϱ仯·̫Զ絽ĸ·ʵǿס·վЪ˻ᣬڵǵǡ÷Ű

ǣ·һģò

ͷ˽Ĺ̫࣬Ϊ˱鷳óȥԼ·֪Ŀջȥ
ӽ£뽭ϴͬͷķݸƽ¥࣬ǵѹϽǵͷֻҽƽƽȴֿƲ

һ·࣬һߣмλɫе˻ײ֡
ľ֣˾һԵ·ˣ֪ԺǰȻŰǶǸϹȥأ
ôһ˵ʱӦҲڹԺǰ񣬱ȥջҲ˸ա˽ϵСͷȥ

ǰߣȺԽֽܼգգֱּô˾ۼһǺεȿֲĳ
ɵؿߵȺЩ磬Щžͨͨϰաѵǰն㰮֣
߼ĽԪ˭ҡ

ʵ̫࣬ۼ죬Ǽȥ޷ֻó˴λ̨ʰϽԪ˭
м϶𣬲롣Ǵһ£һʲôûԤϵأ

䴩װСɣǴ˼ҵүװ׾ɫϸ塣沿ͣԲԵø˵ʵҲֵô

ԪǽǱģǰû̫˵ʮңªҾӦǶβڰ˷ϲ¾ˬϴЦԼ֪ĸ֡

ô˵ַʵ̨ſɼλԪ

Ѱ˰죬ҲûӰӣ֪ǲͻ˿ջ
ܲΪţԸûԷŰɣ

λСԪ죿

ֵͷϵЦЩʾעЩŸӣСѿɿЩˣ

šֵͷ⻰˺⣬Щôˣ

ⶼΪԼŮġȻҪϲλԪˣűκɰ׽زձҪڻˣ

׽ֵԲ۾ʵ

ֻΪ˸ˣϢһʱû͵ǡκΪɣپƷǧǲ⣬λŮѰԪǻк£ȻǺ£Ԫи

ϵ֮ɫȥȡ֮ǽĴ벻Ƶɫ

и
Ī޸ɣ
û뵽ֻ²ǳֻ£ģκɸϣ

ûɫ죬ֻΪǹˡָָԶĲ¥һŰԪͱȥ¥Ȳ膪ŪκСͷ

ֳлͷҲسǲ¥ȥ
ҪϽԪα׽ġ

¥κµĲҵ¥װţӵĳ߽ŵ˱ǶĲ㡣ֱֻͲƷ裬˵ʲôζ¥Ϊ㣬һλ˵ƽʱĲͱѰλ̨˵飬һձôĥȥ
ڶ㣬κԹд˵ĵطȻԵЩ糾ͣȲϴ಻ͨ˼ҡôһɨһȦ֮󣬾¥ȥʱҲδлסֻȷʵԼ

ߵ¥ϣǰһȽյķţʶԼҲ֪𾿾һͷ̸ֺ
ԽǷҪѰʣԼǻҲ͸¶˵ķ䡣ü˼֮ʣȴǼ䷿дϤ
ľţԷɫЩͬʯֻһϳ

ͷκɶǰ

κʮжŮ꿰ǡŮȻĵýѧһ磬ΪΪŮѡ
˽Ԫģʡȱʫ顢ò֮һ۱⣬Ը˽ֻ֮ǵʱδἰΪ˺£ֻɡͷ
ȴû뵽Ӳԡ

⵭Ĵɫ֮ϡ峿˵ȴŰȻԼģĿԱϾᱻӰ죬ľٲϲ£ҲԲߵ¡ãٸ㱻ʥָ徭ƫøǱѧо˸͸ֻҪдӦк⡣
飬ͷԼʱҲûԱϲ

Գ䶨֮ʱǼǹԶ⿤
⼸ûյֵţƣʱֱˡ롱˴ǼΪ͡ϲԣУκɶ˵һŮ֮ʱֱӱ̬

вδһڵĲյŶŵκɺֱȭǸ⣺κɺ񰮣ĳˣˡĳһǡ
˵գվűߣ׼뿪

κɵԪϷ򶮵á⾩ΪٲǰףοյĻԡϷԣԪǺú˼Ϊ

ء䵭ȴܾն
δ䣬ţͼġˡ

ȻδǰĶԻĩβ䣬ü䣬Цӯӯؿˡ
ſڣûԿ˵ţ

ߵĺľ͸һչ⡣

յŨҵĹ⴩ȻɢȥֵİӳڽɫĹУͬһ㣬һữΪɢڿС

һ˲ֱסһ¥

Ƭ̣סԷ֣ǰһС֮磬һͬǰС






79.  ѧ׷   㡣


ɢȥ, ϸϸĹڵϣǶһ⡣

Űϣڲ¥Щʱ, ɢ, ¶·߽С, ȥԡ

һ·вк, ֪ǷЩھǽѡ
ܺЩ˽
ֶԴ˳ֻ̬ȡ

Թ, ϵİѽˡ

磬ϲѽ
һ·ûҵ˵, ˴ʱüϲ

¶յĵһЦ, ʵģ

ѽֲкβ, ôˣ

ô˵, ɫ⿤·;ңԶһˣ·

һ·ʲôˣǺã
ֻôһ, Ļš

ûµġ׸ҰŵҲеĻֻǵ˾ǣұǻȥ׸һν˵ʮ֣, ɵɫ, չȥסԷ䣬˵, Ҷҵˣᱣҵѽ

֡
˵ͽסֵʲô¶Ҫ

ջʱֱƹֿ˼ͷ䷿ϡֱֻӸӣûüط

ҲþнԼһ㣬ЪϢ
أ𷽲λκɵ£ֱոѰСҪ˺ˮ̽ʵ磬ڲ¥˭
ʵϣ֪˭Ҳ֪ʲôϣԸ

ǵκѯΪˮֱߵһЩ
˼

κɵĻ֪٣ǷԵ˼
ԼĻش𡭡
Լʲô˼

յһĻĻǰʱİ֣⿤ʱ׷İ֣ǰΪȥƽİ֣ԺϦദİ֡

Ǻʱ˼Ѳ֪ҲطʱҲǸ磬֮ʱ
Σۺʱڲ¥һ̣֪ص˼޷ס

ǰ֮ڿڡһ޾¡ʮ㣬һС

ɴʱֻԼƴնɵľڿн£ǣ޷ǻ˵˷ΣɴЩĴ壬ƽʱõ֯ɡ
ҵ˼еĲ֮ڣϡ塣

¶ģܹȡþ˹ͷԪյĻа񼸺ǰ϶֮¡
ֱվָǰ΢΢ͷע˫ۡ

ûԼòõľ˵˵ҷ˵˭ҹҿʶã

һ·֮⣬ͲʶԵĹ˵Ϲ仰ģ̬Ҳǲúܡνġˡ˭
зŮ黳ܹ⽫𣬵ȴ׿ڶ˵Ǿ仰

ʮ˼δµֻǷ롣˭ҹʱ򣬾Ҳһ˿죬ĪԼԼŮ֮顣

Ĳ޷˼ѿڶ㡣㡣
˶٣ӶľӴ˵
֣㡣

ŴֻԼ·֮±ɹ뽹ǻ֮зʮҪʱҲû˻ҹۺʱΪԼ򾲴ݵġգ֪ˣûûʧˡ
·κ£ֻҪİйأҲ޷侲
һ㣬˵ز֪õĻȴȻ㷲ȴŶԷĴ𰸡
Ը⣬ֻǽԼͬѣָΣ

þûеõӦ΢΢ŨĽëסڵ˫סǵĿ⣬ҲסŨİɫ

ʧģҪǰŮӵ֮ʱ
ֶˡ

סǰ֡Ծǽڷ
ŶԷȣվԷ뼫˼Ҫϡ˵ʱеϢĲ֮ȣһ֮С

۾Цһҫ۶Ŀ

ѪҺӿĴڶߣֵݣԷĻشȴ಻סϲõ飬ǰŮڻС

˵ˡ



ǰĩĴǡڶ³Ҳֻʣ¡϶սӾǵϣ˵¡ص۳۲˵һ·Ⱦ˷纮֮ģǼ鷳¡

˾ǵǼסھѰլס¡

ٿջʱǵ⣬⡢пܸ׵סǵĿջƹ񲻽ȡס޷ãǲǮǿջĺʱһѺб´οƾ٣вٶͶ޴˴ֻΪһͷ

סĿջƹ޷ѣλǰףǽԪĹӱмģֻԺԼҿջƴ졣

ּѽ궼ȥü˵ͬʱҲδţɴཫԼھǵļӽƽ±ȥ

Щ͵ϵʱڿջͷĵط顣׷ԸĹܼԣ֪ԭü赭дġӡȻһ

ü΢Ĺػ£Ҳӿջа˳ȥԭǼھҲӡ

һס£ܼתü˼ǲ̫֧֡ϿջƹʮӣڿջõĶԴҲνͷ

ˣÿվڼҡ̡ջ⼸ط

üӶǾѡģȥ̡̣һЩСӣֻżȥѲȦٿ˱ˡ
ǰæſ飬ֻÿոԼЩ续εͼֽӲڰԺŰ׷ѧ˲٣ĶģЩӵƹʱȥ

״߲ƹֳջȥ·λδĹˡ

ӡ

ӵģ뼸ǰ𣬳ȥޱ߼ŵӾһЩ棬ʲôϲ¡

ΪȥԼͷŮڶ࣬Ϊ˷ǴѻŮװӭûϳ

ƿԼһȥֺ

ע⵽ǽŵŮ̫࣬ϾλˣĿбӣӲϸŮݡͻȻŮȷǷںԼ
δ߲ģʱͬһʱϲпԭ

ּ¶ɻ󣬿ڵְòɰã
֪һʱԽԼŮӵʵʱСҲֻǻȥ˸˽ӣֻһЩʱ䣬⡣

Ѱǿջءָָһ򣬡Ҫȥһ

ӵȷѰġ𼸺˵Ĺŵӣһͬ˼꣬ϵʮ׽Щɵ˾Ǹ˵ǰ˽ԪΪ֮ͬͬӡ
ϾյӦڽϲμԲǡǺżȻ֪λսԪԭȷˣ̽һλѧ
һˣǣ޹ң뵽ʲôʲôű׼ȥѧӼס˭֪֣ʡԵ¡

λӲ˵׽ҲĴмġӵľһѧ֮ͽ̵öö徭ˡ
ǰҲȥԭݷӣֻ˵޶Žͷ

һ·˵˲£ֱ֪Ǽ£ǶڰԺѧʮֺ档
һ·֪˱ߵ˿ջ

ķţȶԷΪʱŰסֻһС죬Ц磬˭һˣ






80.  ѧ׷   ɷ顣


ھ˸լס

뽫ԼҵĿլֱӸס, ȴԸԼһСݡլһ㱻˸˽ӡ

֮ʱҲȥָһ顣

֮, ֺȻ˻ص֮, ˸̾ʱ֮, Ҳ֪롣

ھǵӲ, 겻ңֱӾټϾˣ׼ǵĳ

ùһ, ûʮ塣
뷽跨˹Ӽͷúٳּ⡣ǹѧ, ҲཻЩ, ܹ鲻л

ԭ, ЩھĿʱЩʫ, ˴֮ٽЩ飬볯ΪҲزʶΪԪȴʼûյ

ﰵĹ䲻⣬ֵöԿ顣, κɵľܾѲ˸ϵԭѲǵǷйһΪ𣬴δκŮй㺣ǹκ׽, Ҳֳѿĳ档

̾, һжֵԼϣȴҲ޼ƿʩֻʵ磬žȪ, ͷȪˮܿģٿȥˣҪҲȥһˣ

ָ΢ü䣬𵭵𣺡ȥˣΪü

ûЩڣ֪˵Լе뷨ίǾûʲôѣġ
Ҳһλ˶ޣʡ׿ԺͬýԼҪҲԸΪԼͬżɴ飬

ָ˳ֵüϸҶüҲûãĵ·üΡ

ջ֣ǰ鼮ӡαˡ



Ȫ½ʢǷڶ࣬Ů٣䣬ʲôҪġ

ݷ֮²̫ģֻΪ˳ֵ⣬ŴӦˡ
Ҫȡ֮Աǵġ

СɳֵĴ¾ЩǮһͬ

Żɫɮ۵СɳۣüĿȴм־ýǰĴȱ֪λʩΪΣ

ֲ⣺к𣿡

СɳƽȻƽ̧ʾǿһԷŵǩͲʩˣΪ»լԵԸʩһԡȻҷ̰ʩĪһǩ󡣡

˫ֺʮлСʦ

ǰķǰֲòͷݡ

Ũ̴Ϣűƽ͡

Ͳ٣֮ϣǩǩͲײ첻ڶְصںߣֱǰ˶ǩǰȥŹ¡

ݳƽЦӴ˿ϣߵΡ
ֱ˫촽ȴ

ǩͲ΢ΣԸ
СɳֵĻڶߣǰδǹ»׷Ѱ֮˼ȥΪԼ˸ƽǩ

ǩڵϣһڶʡ

һкŵСɳΪʰǩǩͲڷŻԭλ

ֵл˫ֽӹǩǰ
ȻµҡĲൡʱ˳ȥзȻΡ

Сʦʸȥδǩʵ

ɳ˾ţʩ

Ҳǩģһͬȥ

磬ǹ𣿡ֺʵ

ΪԿеǣһֱΪֻˡǩͲʱƬ̣ʵǲ֪к
Īǽѹ󣬸ɴǩԣ

ʻսеǩ𣬵ɳֿеġԵ˼
Ʋסĺ˼У鱯ķ̲סȥ밢ֵԵֻΣᡪٰüô

ǡ

GʲôҲûֵһ棬ֻѵüĶʡ
Ҳٸʵ׵ӣ¶ɫ˵ǲҵĻͲ˵˰ɡ
ŵ̧ǰ˸۾ƣұ֤ǩʱҲ͵ģ

˵öⷢ졣ûֻǲ֪οڣ˵ԼԵǩֻ᲻ò֮Щ

Ҫڣȴ·Сɳͣ½Ųǰλƫɮˡ

Сɳǰȥһ˵ʦλʩǩ

ʦɮݺͰЦһ㣬ֶ˽ǩĸ

𲻺˼֪ԼǩģֱǰһȽԼĽˣȻֵ֮ʱܿǣҪˡ

Ľӹǩġ
ľµ£飬ʵʩΪΣ

ʦƽֺƳ΢΢

ӷ𡣴ǩʵŤתһ˵ʩĥѣյ˳찲ʩЩһۺ󣬷׻ʱĪ̫ǡֵ࣬ʩļϵ̫࣬硣νһ޷£ǿΪáУʩ˶֮ˡ

˵еʱѼȴվ˽ǩǸˡ
ȻһֱοԼһжͬеϸڶټǲҵĽʱʱξ֮У

Ŀ
Īǹϵ֮£
ǽġֻǲ֪ƽǩкء

лʦֳĵлЩǮ

סʩĳϱɣʩԵˡ

ʱأʱ˴ȥǿǡԵȻĴʦ˵ջеǮŵȻȥ㡣

ѽǩĽ˻ģ˺ܿǵ̸Χȥ͵

ĿǩϵǩģǸǩȴǸͷ

ҪǺΣǰ֪Ե

⵹ѵáԵ͵ˣȥ»żмλΪԵģڼгĴ¡

Ŀ۲Զվŵ֣Ȼ
λʩ񶼷Ƿһλӣһλ¾۳գ֧ǩҲʵ

һǧ裬ˮ޸δسɡĪִ֣ɷ̫顣ĽǩʩԵǩȴδسɡ

ˣǩ֮ʱһǾת۲ͬǩʵʵڵĲѡ
Żĵһ仰

ʩ̫ǡɷ顯Ȼ顣Եʩ֮ǡҩǷܳɣʩԼĽǩĻ𣬡֮ʩ뷽λŮʩһͬˣǩһ޷λʩ׻ʩܵóԸ

оĿ⣬ֻعͷĴʦ֪Ƿ̸ʲô

ü𣬹Ѿǩˣ߹ȥʵôˣ

еǩģֵһЦ¡

ȷǩð֪
ʹɮ˵컨׹һΨԼϣŵġ
պĿƾԣ밢ֵԵ

ּЦˣǩӦҲ׷ʡ

Ĵʦ㰴Сɳָ·ȥѰǴ˵˱ܿȪˮ

Ȫ¿˵ԴȪ֪ͽ֮񻯣ֻΪ˼һ۵Ȫ

һ·˵ȪˮʮָȤߵȪߣȪʵ֮һԻвҨͷˮá֮ʱ־òɾֻȪϴϴǿ⡰ȪӴһ

ɽϷȪˮǱֻ֣ϴƬ̣ͽִȪˮóϸϸøɣַԼ֮У֮ȡ

ֳͷδսԼ֣ĳһֻɿȪˮ׷ɵˮ˿һէڿУչӳɫĹʡͷʤա

ϸܵˮˮ棬ССУĴɢ᲻ŵˮļһһµߵķ

ϡˮУȪߵʪŨܽëʪھ̡ĵ˫ΪֶȾЦ⣬а쵵ղȣѷɫ

ϴǳЦע

ڱմʪ°ڡ΢ģֲǰӻꡢ硣






81.  ѧ׷   ᲻ѽ

Ķߵü

ʱ, Ǵգȴͣӵһ̹ǡĪ˵, ӭ洵綼ܵġ
ĿǶѺڹԺ, îʱ볡

ʮ, һÿ, ֱڶ³šʮʮ塣ǰһ볡һճҪӶ³˿ʮˣͳʮ, ǶôССһ֮С

ĽŻڲٿһ⡣ϱͻδůֲ, ڹĻ֮, пΪӿס°ĭ̧Ժ

һ˵, Բο߼ǧ, ¼ȡ֮ʮһֹֻھˡ
ھѾΪʸҲǲپ˷ٿԵԭ֮һ

ֶ⿼ʮģÿһϸڶ˽Ϊ׼Щʳȥ, ֻ⿼̫ϸ񣬿ֻŵ¡㡢ЬЯߡƾߡ

Ȼб̵ҪҲǿǿסϺɡ

ڴԵʱ, ֪λ, ΪܲáֵЦ˺һŻҲ֪ԼΪηЦ
ȥλ٣аλͬ, һһᡣ

¶أ˵쵽îʱɫһ˿ҲޣΨŵĵܽ輸ֹˡ

ɵĺ֮Уֻ¶һƬССİɫټվ࣬ϸ
ڿһƬᱡɢ
磬϶ûģ

ȻҲҪĹľԵʽԻʮҪģҲ춼δȴӲҪͿԭ

ɢվŲٿ٣ⳡΪʿĴţҪսȥռһϯ֮λֻһۣյС˵㿴ǶûͣѾܺܶ
Щѧӣһ˸һͬϿˣ̸
ֻ⻰Щģ˵ҲֻΪһЩȥΪ˼ŭֻ˵

ʱŲʮֺصѩۣͷǵµ㣬ʱὫ£֣ȥ

ֲǶǰɫ㰵׵ĵúܣһʼҲֲֵŲòͬһֻҪϼλ

˽ѩ׵СӶñ֮¶۶ǰꡣ

ֽ̧΢΢ʵñú綳գаְң޾塣

ҿЦ㲻ҪѹôҶġ



𣬹ԺĴŻ
Ծźóӣȴ

컹δɫĻͷֻϵĵ̴ҹĻǵǵǰ·

ķƹǴУǰһקסǰȥ̧ᱧס

̫˶ʵʵԶԶȥһСѩϡ

Ŵ𣺡᲻ѽ
Ǳļ⻹ͷһطֿʮգã˿̲Щѷʵ

סıһʱ̹㡣

СѩҡҡԴǱ濼ԣ㡣
̧˫ƻӳУ˸޷׽ө棬Ũܵ۽з⡣

Ʋķ˿Ʈߣһ·ȼϸܵĦС𻺻ͷĴ鶯ϣһ֣÷·ѵˮ

ȵĴгϣӽʱѱֱۣϤϢԼŷ

ʧˡһĹ̲סЦע⵽ϵĺɫԼĪǶԼŵоЩߡ

ڶԷûӦʱֱһ£ȥɣҵ㿼ѽ
ӹµۣĿŶԷߵڶ࿼Уһ˹Ժ

ǵ乱ԺרΪ˿ƾԶͷǧƣ֪֤˴굽׷µӧ
Ҳһ£ȻֽŽӲЩζȴɢԺĻ֮ջࡣ

ּ̫࣬Ϊϸ£ϷŹһȵпԺ֮Уϴ֮ʱѴˡ

ӹַ֧ⷽխխĺ֮ãʼЪϢȴյʽ



ֻ˼УҲǴҴһش˯һ

îʱ賿㣬ΪǰԺſںţ˯¾ͱŮˣϴȥ
Ҳ֪ڹԺͷô᲻ţ᲻š

Ժ֮ǰӦٱһġ
ֽͷͷУô뵽

Ϯ˯˹ȥ

ѹոԺϴ˸ֱ׺ȥ̸ġ

ǼڽϵҪ͸ǣĴǹԱôðģҲæˡЩҲֻ̫Լµļӹܺñǡ

ɿڵѩϣü£ΪʢֶȥԺˣ

ǰ˵ⲻ֪ʣ˳Ӵ

׽պ˼üȰؿп֪ҵֶҲǸˡ
̸Ȣ֮ģǺ⣿
ȻֶԸģǵϸϸѯһǡһӵ¶á

ֱôֱӵʻʵߺȻˣʵû׵£ܾЩˣʱ˵µģ

ǰ˵¡üһʴҪϾ£Ҳϲģ⣬Щӿƾ٣Ѱλýˡûгһˣ׵˶ûУҲ֪񡣡

üĳ

λӵûʲôĵطò鶼ϳˣ˵ԲЩо˹ҲǸ̰ˡƽ￴ЩŮû˵ģ֪֪ȣܵһһ⣬ҲЩ߰ݺݺŮҡ
ŮСų󣬱ǳףҲǾί˵ġ
Ҫһ˵ЩֶЩʡ
˵£ĥ죬Ҳܲٲġһʱ֮䣬˼ɵ¶̫࣬ҲһĪչ



üֻ֣˵Ů޵£Щ᣺Щ˵кáֻ˼ˣԸԵȻΪ

ֹ˲䣺ãϲ

߻ףֶϲĿɾͲ҆
ŮͷüŮ뷨˸ֵĳ뵽ǻλ⾩Ҳǿλ
ֻһУõ˵ˡ






82.  ѧ׷   ԪڻҪ󡭡


ջ, ȫǸոմӹԺĿǡ

ڷͷµص
˸ȥ𣬵ò׵ȵ, 𶼲һ, Ҫԡ, һļˡ
еϸѾȥ, ˸ָС⣬ֱɢϡ

̫Ѱ, ׼С͵
ȴԡ, Ӹڷ

žͼվ, һҲ, ֱһ, δͺ˷С
һʶ˭

ķʪʪˮīɫ, ɫסӾԵøûɵˮ˳䣬ġǽõˮīһ㣬ɫǳ, ȴˡ
ոմõɿ, Ǵ¶һƬʵµļɢ롣

ֿƲסգգۣس嵽ϣ֪ԼǲѾ, ֻźˣԷľ롣

㡢ô·͹˵ÿĿİͰͣͷҿ

ԭûעЩڼȵɫ֮ʱҲʶԼĴ粻̫ءֻǴʱķӦ̫ɰ֪ǳʲôأǵûнãǰһסԷС

ΪβҿңѹͣΪںƣЩɳƵɤֶʵ

ҡûСַܲ˵Լǲ˼ɡûѣڵԼһ
Ųӣǿ򶨵ؽĿ׼̫û㣬Щϰˡ

ǵݴյüĴǹīɫŨǱ࿴ۡ



ԵķŰͬڹԺѧȥѰԼգԼԷŰȴɿݣֻҪסȺϲѶǡȵаѧǶѶһȦյİ񵥲ŻᱻڹԺǰ

ӻ԰ֱΪӰ

ѱǮϲǣȺסĿջС
ջƹѻѣվ⣬ŵǱ˻ҪһЩ

ϴһɫֱ׺ΪѰ˲÷ģѿʽԻġѱû̫໨֮Ҳֻ򵥵󡣵ϣ޳ֱͦǳĵһڷУ

һϼǿջʱ֪ٶվڿջͷΣ󼱴ٵԼԼͨϲѶ

ݱ˳ǴӺǰʱѾһٶˡ

磬𣿡ѰоԼȴɼҪ޲̽ʱȥԼ

վߵɫƽʵûܿУֿɻʧ

Ȼᡣַɿ񶨣˵׼øԪأ
ԭУԪεĻȻҲǵһ˻Ԫֵô鶼ı䣬ǷһҲᱻӰ졣
Ƿܿйʿһϲ˶кθı䡣ֻΪԼû˱ӦֵĵһʵѰ

עڵп˼

ÿһظܸоֶԼв֪Ӻζģ·Ǻ⣬ܶԴǰé
Ϊʲôأ
ʱĸԡĻԣȷδܹʲô谭ԱΪ˳˳ˮȫȫΣΪΣ

ֶʮ㡣Ƿ⣿

δ˼һǰͣ¡

ǼĻͣǰԽݱϲӻԸеڶ

ڶ
һŤͷ

е֮ɫ̫ԣԵֻΪ˵ڶ˵ţȤС̫ˣ
ܣջȻҲʶ̬ʮƣƽҲ䡣

⻰ŷӦϽŮõǮۣ˼ϲǣЦ磬ϲ㰡

߲ͬվŽݱǴ˷سϲ
ǿջƹϲЦտסŵЩУȻилԵڶջ˵ǲˣ

ϾֻǵڶһŲסһƬջ֮Уһͷȥ·ϱסԪ˭Ҳʵ֪

ģ̸

ԪκuӰɣǿɵĶأ
ɣԲ죿
ǰ

ĶԻ

ϲ˺֮ǻ˿ͷС

еѹָأߣɫȻûϲɫҲû˿죬·ڶ˵ʲôҪ¡ǵһԪֻͨĹֻ̫ͣá

ֹڿ˵磬ûлԪѹ𣿡

Ϊʧʡ

ʵѧм尾ԾθЩ㱾ǻԪģԪڵġ

ڻУܵḧĳο˵ʲôɵľٲܾ¡

ǵġֵȾϿǻ
֪ԭлԪġԪǶôѵһ£ĿƾٿԣҲһܳôһλˡʮأڣȴֻõ˵ڶΪ֮ܡ
οԪȻǸκйأǷһеıʾΪϲԵر
ûȥжѻɽûҲڻ

ܵԼ΢΢øһЩ֣Ҳ֪Ϊ롣ˣҶԣԪڻҪ󡣡
Ըһȥˡ

ҡͷ˿ҵزؽûװʲôҲ֪ģȥҪʵ˵ƿţֱ˫ķ磬Ҫ˵

ָ¶˵ҡʵҲˡ
˵ûͷûԣҲߴ٣ס֣ǡ

ҿһ飬񻰱Ǳ棬ǣԪڣ࣬һƽ˳죬ƽơ

ʵҡҲ֡˵ҽ֣ǺֲһˡЩ˵ģ㻹ǵǳʱײǸľͷϣԴҾʱģ֪ʱҶˣ֪ô졣

ĻУѾƴճࡣĬΣʵأڻǺιϵ

ҡ˵Щݣе㻵Ầ㲻˳ԣͱ㱨ˡ
δ˵꣬δ֮⣬µʲôõĽ֡

ʱǰѹҵģ㡣дȻ

ѹ֣죬ǸŴӣúܣλ̯¡
ԭġ

ҡּҲΪĽŽӽġ
ҲȫǣʼãʵҲΪ˸ıԼˡ
ֻûϵ˻ߵһ

֪ΪҶ

Щ˼Σ
İǱ㹻






83.  ѧ׷   ԡ


üԷŰ񲻹, ҪټЩϹʿĶ˽ڷвμӵԡ

ʱ̫̣ŵֻ, ЩӶڿջ֮˼͢ߡֽ¶˵, , оǰЩ, ʱʱ˵һЩԼϡǵõ£ĺĲͬ

Ȼ֪ǷãҪ˼롣ǿлǧʷ, סĲֻ࣬һֵĺ֮, ˵, Ƿ, ܹ޺ġ

̰һ˼, ֲչۿɼԲЩҲ֪˭ǸҪȥԵˡ
ֱþҪٳڸ㡣

ദУԵڵˡ

ϾҪȥʹĿ, 빱ԺĻȻͬҲȥֻǰһձһᡣṩһЩǲ˵Ѿ, ԭòࡣ˵ԭʱ, ҲûעʲôЩ秵ĶԻʱУǴԼɨȥ˵ǿ, ʵ벻ˡ
һ߰ԼС˵ʱĲģһŬ鼮Ҫ
ֻǵһգҲûֻɷˡܹʱû¶ܵõʶ˵ܲҲûжӰ졣

îʱյʿκѯĴ´ƵĳȣվãȴŽǵ׼빬
вֻн¼ȡĹʿΪǻԭ˵ԵĹʿС

·Ϻķѵʱ̣ϸָĵȴ˳ʱյŲ֮ͨһҲ̤һĻʹչʾǰ

վȺ֮УڵǰΰݹϷЩһӵĵ

Խһ⣬ڸĴѧʿⶨ⣬ɻһӡˢݿַǡ
˵Ի񲿾ٰ죬ЩвķӣĵԣһжҪʥϹĿһֶҲʹġ

ʥ꿰ʮνӡ٣ϼѣڵǻ֮ʱ೯ãݶᳯ͢ԱĹλ½˿ãԱ١
ˣʮӿƾԣϣܴѧ֮Ѱʵѧ֮ˣΪԼұۣΪЧ

֮ǰ˽λǰеĿ˵ǵļЩѧָơ
˵ߵУϵݣתʾ׸յĵԿ⣬Ը

֮ߣߣ֮ʳҲ޼ʳڣϡ߶ּ࣬ˮ֮Ϊ֪֡εDʱֺʳ£ũְ˳
⼫䱻ڿǰǵļỹᷢӡˢõĿ

׸⣬һ䣺ʿʶʱֱ֪ƪɣ

һԣ֮ʱʵֻ߸һʱұ뿪ʵѡ֮ѾҪڴ˴ľѧӿٶûš

Կʼ

Ŀʵ֮£ǹ֮Ѵ𣬵Ҫдǲס
õִٷµĿڰǰã˼Ƭ̲պīڴֽдǰ֣ԡ
ΪѾǹʿǱԳΪԴΪ¿ͷ

κuŶԶõ⣬κu̲סĿһۣ˱Ŀǲ֪гһϽŹŵЦݡ

գղʸˣīڴϣ˽յԵʧڹʿѶҲܵͬʿ̫⡣ƽ˷ͶĿⲢϡ

ϸ߳࣬Ȼע⵽ر𣬲ɵö࿴˼ۣ˴˶Ƭ̣оȻ

΢̧Ϸʱ߽ļλֱλںδ

δأͷչ任Ƕб߿ʣµʱ䡣

ǧҵĲд軨̫ãֻдʱضҪ󣬼蹦̵£ʵ飬⻷ѹ󣬲ŻпٳٲöʡĥõĿʱƣҲϽʴ



ĺɽվʱˡ

վÿ뿪ͬҪǴڵУȴʻڷĿǵĲ¡

ٿд꽻ȥ˸ڵЪϢŴϵǿվĿ࣬岢δ̫ʱ㿴пĴ

ϾǸеһ㲻١ͷо治ּۡʽ׼Ĵֱӱһߡͷǲѣɨһ۱£ܹ֮١

Ĵ⼫ļ֮һ

ĹݸԲָ˿ԶԴĸʽԽ֮Դʱݵ䡢򲩾ʤ֪ȫġ

޵

ʮݴԸ̽⼸λϸϸѯʼеĶԲߡ˿ֱȥ

ȱʵκuܵϻԪȥǸΪɵĵЩʵѧġν޵һ֮䱾۸£ǱͲͬƪ¡

ȴɫκuֻ׵˼䣬ݲݽʼһֵʴ

һλ

δڵˣ˫ײڣҹϵֿѣ̸ڵĳùԱǲϵҪ峯õѡ
֮ղſ࣬˵£žǰڽˮϳˮǾȽһʱӢ۳꣬ѹдó¡

ʥޡֹش

־Ĳ˼䣺ԣҲȥҲҲҲͨҲҲ

Դ£֮׸ȥٶع㣬ݿͨݽ棬Ʊӡ

աЦһ¹ҵΩߣֹڸʳա

ʶ֮Աһŵκuɫʮѿ˲õԤС

Ŀʵ֪ʥ֮һÿһǰþ޸ĹĲۣտ˵Ȳʤȯʱʥ϶̬ȥԶô佻̸֮䣬ϡе״Ԫѱ
Խȴ޼ƿʩ

岢δͬһ˴ͣãԽ̸꣬һ˵֣ʼʻ

Ծ΢һվȺ֮У費ģע˼ۡ

ҹɫ΢ʹĴȼ˵ţȥżȻʴһ˿Ҳޡ

ѽʮλ꣬Ḻ֣ԸīڽƲ֮д

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