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ݱǩ ͢ Խʱ ˬ ֮
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1 Խ   磬ɵģƱ
磬ɵģƱǣһʱ֮俴ƺҪ꣬һֱû¡
ʱҲһƬƣ
ʱ棬ڴϵֻӻģһ֮仹һЩͷһʹֻۣۺĿȴҽԺɫ컨壬һɫԷ
ôûҽԺﵽģ
ؼǵԼڻؼҵ·˳ʱ䣬ھһ·ڵʱһܿƵ˵ĳײ˹˾㲻˲޴ײУʧȥʶ
ΪԼҽԺģֻڵĵطȴ
۲һΧɵӦǼӴεƺǾϸȻǻ滨ľģǿӦҲ
ٴǱһű⡣߻һųڷһǳСɵٸԱ߻һƿЩõʻ漸ӣӵľͷһۿȥǺӣ涼ŰɫһĲϣ»м̤
Щ裬һʱҲжϲԼڵδ
ʱͻȻһʹһɼӿԺУôһᣬЩ䡣
ˣˣԼǴԽˣ
˽ʮ꣬ûԽ»ᷢԼϡǰһֱǸᶨΨߣǲŹһ˵ѾԽʵᶨ˶ʮҡҡ׹
û룬һЩϴźɫѵӰʮּ˵Ĵǰ
үˡūΪҲѲˣɼүڱѽ˼һҵ˵
Ӽ֪˹ǹܼңԭһֱ
ں˵ԼүǸиģմʱ򶼲Ҫʾ׼ˣû뵽վȻͦˡȻүѾȥˣүѲľɢˡ
Ҫ˵ʹһִ
ôͽˣҿ˾ˣÿȻŲǣһ⣬ɫϸ鲼ѵվС˵Իվһˡ
˵˽ľ˾ˣү˾ˣΪүС˸оʮΡú˵Ʋסүľ˾ˣҲĶ֡
үողȥˣټүֲˣһƬƣĻ̡̻˾ˣҲǸģ˵Ĳһ㣬Ǹδ磬үڵʱѹһҲүľ˾˵ķÿҲһ㣬үȥˣֲ֪ȥԺүɳʲôܲǹүġ
ô˵ҪȰȰȥǾ˵үҲ֪үزڴ𲻵͹үɡ
Ȼ֪ڲˣȻҲʱˡȥˣҲûʲôˣˣ͸סˡһСӣ
ǰʱСĺܣһξ͸ʮӣ⹻ʲôǳĺģҾ˾ôģͶԴ˻ԹѾˡںˣ˵Ժ⸮Ķˡ
뵽⣬ﲻһ⡣
ʲôҿģǻϿҽȥߣʶȤСˣԺ⸮ˣһˡʱҲСˣֱҪӲ
ү˾֪Ȱ͸ܷȥˡҪӲǸϽ˰æš
ӲɣŭʱԭһֱߵϿɷҲʼǰҲҸһ˼Ҷ֡
ˣСǻĲҶ֣ʱ׼Ӿʹ˹ȥ˷ǰҪƿŽȥ
ĳûü˵žͱˡ
Щ˾ˡ
嶨ſһһˣ󻹸һˣԭļ֪ľ˾˺;ĸ
ʱ͸ϽŴ˽ˣԷ޶үϽߵС߷ߵ˵
үҵĴûסǡ
ԭҲ֪νľ˾˵ĵУȻĻĿΪǵġҲûйûס˵û£֪ˣȥɡ
үĻȥſţûߣϾǶүľ˾ʵڲġ
һʱ򣬶ķĴŷЩİ裬ԽԽȡҲһνסǰʱǱǸ뵽ȥģһҲû
ȻҲŷĴ񡣴ӼƲ⣬˾˾ӦûΪǮȥûǾˣͼȻСǸС˶֪ģô˵Ĺء
ûԼ¡Ϊġ
ѽ˾Ҳ֪ȥҲѹɲܾȥѽȻ濴ôܰأ⼸仰˵Ŀѽԭ֪˾ÿҪӵ˵ľˡ
˵ĻҲûǻҪ˾˾˽Ҫ˵ʲô
ԼûػҪ˵Ļһʱ֮ҲеӲϡƤǺˣҲԼѻ˵ȥ
㿴ѽȥˣ⸮ҲûһˣɲˣһСӼҼҵģûͰԼŪˣɼѽûһ˾ǲУЩ˿СҲѽ
˵ʱԱվŵĹܼҺɫˣȥ۵ʱ򣬾ͱֹˣʾȥ
ŹܼңΪͬĻأ˵øˡ
˾ң׾˾ѽ֪֪׵ģܺ𣿲˾ҵԺҲܰĶ鲻ǣ˵߹۲ɫԼ˵ĹˣҺôԼ׾˾ˣǿɲǱȸ׶ˡ
˵ôһѣ˾˾˿ǰԼĿ˵ˡһʼ廹ΪԭҪЩӵģ˭֪θôأȻѼҵѵΪɵ
˾˵ЦˣܼҺ˶ʮĵģֻӲŲ˵ġҵȻСڹܼҵЭ£Ҳʲô£ЩͲ;˾˷ˡǧĻĻ
ɲУž꣬һҪ飬оôѽҪĵģЩ»Ƕ˾Ұɡż˵
²ûмͰˡӼ֪˸ûʲô£ЩһֱǿԭɽӼãҲһֻŻԵɹ
Ǿ˵ȻСҲ֪˵ߣҡĵΪһˣҵܲãôԺƾٰʥأԾ˾ǲõĴҵˣذɡ
λСʹһѼģ


2 ˾˾   һ⻰ˣ
һ⻰ˣ֮ǰСʱСÿû˵ô˵ѽûаߣǶΪ߸ȥˣ˿ɲʣЩҵô᲻ӦҪأ
ҿɲ֪ЩҸ㣬ҿǿķϲҪ⸮ϵµģΪãɲҪʶôѽٳٲɿڣҲͷˣ˵ҲӲ
⻰ҪЦˣ⻰˵úôҲڸǲҪҲƵҰġ²󣬵θڵǲС
Ȼ˾ô˵ҲֻܲʶôһˣϾҿɲҵ䵽С
Сô˵ģҿ˾ˣôẦءҿǱЩ˸̻ˣȻô𾴳
ǡǿ׾˾ˡĸЩɶΪ룬㿴ɲʣЩ𣿡һվŵҲǰΪԼɷ˵ˡ
ˣոյĻҲ˵ˣӲʣǻȥɡٴȥҿɲ֤һҵ󷽣ʱʮӣʱһҲ̲ʵڲ˾˾ˡ
СӼҼҵģ⡭
ôߣԺʲôҶǰɣûǴĻķɿɴû˵˾˿԰ռҵĲɣȥ˾˿ɱҲˡ
ܼͿͰɣ
ǣүүûбԷ޺Ūסʮָˣү˵Ϳͣ͸Ͻ˵ȥǷȥ
УУߡСǺǸȥĵһúŪٴȥԺһҲֲˣҲٶˣֻøϽ˵ߡϾʱҲС˵˵ͬˣԺҲܹϳˡû뵽úŪΪԺȻҲˡ
ЩϽһԻԵϳȥϳȥʱ˵ҵģˣ
ϳŲ˵ôѽǵʱɲǳСӵʱһ¾ʹӦǵҪ𣿿㿴ССĺһӲҪȥˣԺһǮӶˣǺȥѽ
ҵ˵ǣҲСӸɧ⡣ʱ򻹲ǸڼСҩ
ߣ˵ҲԣʱȥˣѾͷĻǸСҪԺ󷢺ݲˣǸѾͷԺһëױǮߡֵĺϻ˼ҡ
ܼҽͳŲŻȥʱбڴϣոսһ󲨼ͷʹټԭҲ򲡲ȥ˵ģռӣԴʱܣոջź˵Ƿ
ʱܼҽˣԹܼ˵׸ȥˣڲУĻ̻̣⼸ٲҪͷȥæ˼Ҿڴллˡ
үɷūˣЩūķ֮£֮ǰҲūˣǴ˽үұܰѸ׵ġ
лˡڱͲãֳ˵ô໰ʱʵڳŲȥˣȻǰһܿƵ˹ȥ
˹ȥ˲侪ˣү֮ǰһԸϽ󺰣ү˹ȥȥӣҸϽõ㣡
һ˲ö룬Ͻӣһ·ŵܵȥ˹
֮ǰ忴Ĵܼ֮˵үѹһʱ󣬸ո˹ȥ͸е棬ʱҪΪСүҪȥˣû뵽ͦ˹˾͸ҵˣϾ춼к֮£Ӹոպò׼һҪҽΡ
Ҳ˵ûϴϾǸѾȥˡ
ʱСүȻȴҲ͸һȫ֮ǰһӵ۹ˡ
ŵĻܻشˡϻȻˣһոմԽˣոսһ󲨼䣬ͷʹûкú˱˾˾ҪıҵŪˣһôܲۡ
Ҳûж룬ҽôı⻹ϡŹֵǶȥˣԲһ󣬿ûʲô󰭣ܼ˵ȻĿһӵݸܼȥҩ
һξһ죬˵ڶֻʱԼҪԵľȻһðſζҩ˲Ϳ
ʱһҩ֪¿ڣʱǸ˾˾ڵּҲʼһ
ַңȥֵģҸ㣬ҪԺòˣļױҲͱҪˡ첢ûֱӻؼңȥ˾ƣ˹һѹԼ˵£ҲԹԼӣҪԼȥԽԼԺܿܵòԽַҾֱӷ
ʱոջԺӼ״˳ȥ±ˡ
ƾʲôѽЩױǮɶԼܵġ
ߣԼܵģɴǮȥɼҪġ
Ҫûǽ˵ĿǸҵģֲǸһ˵ģΪҲַ֪Ҳʵػؿڵߣ²ļһǸһСӶŪھȻԹ
ѾͷȻҸҶ졣Ǹ첻ߵģԼĳ
ַҼƲԣϽܽԼʱһֱָˡ⻹еӣȥ˵ž͵ݸһʮӡ
ӹӣҲˣֱֳȥ˳ԾȥˡָոҲ˶˵Ļȥ֮Ҳе㷵ġǰŮǿŮʱʱĸôһӣŮŮȥˣʣˣҲŮĺ߲׽Ժ󻹲֪ܲǰһӼˡ
ûеĶãǷҪԺҲƤȥ֣ҲôһѾϰֲͶˡ
ոնַţҪԼЩױˣȻҪȥַʱϧΪʲôȥأŷȥˣһֱûң͵˼޸ãǽãԺ϶Ҳúչ˽µĺӵġ˭֪ˮһգֲˣߥûӵĴȥġ
ɲ֪һôģںҩ׼ԡء


3 о   С꣬δδţ
С꣬δδţѾ紺£ô䣬Ҫ̿ͣΪڱʱЩ΢䡣
Ŵ꣬ҵ˼ִѾԽ˵Ŵһˡ
ִǸsҪҵоǹϵġsǸѧУȫһġ屾ƵʱѧǻѧʱҲĶȤĴڻѧרҵѧǷˮ𣬹ľд٣оʱȴһ˴۾£翼˹ϵ
ԴĽǣԼԻѧȤɢˣ뻻ļͥӦˣ̣ѡѧʲôԼȤҲû˻ֹϾΪҵСӣĲƸƻӻҲӻ꣬ѡʲôû̫Ӱ죬ɹĽ˹ϵ
˵Ҳ֪ԼӦĿأأ
Խ죬屾ǸմͼйϵΪһĹżڻؼҵ·ϣڳ̲סˣһעͳ˳һ֮Ȼʹ˹Ŵ
ãԽ֮Ҳӵԭļ䣬Ȼ¶ű
֮ǰһ󲨼ûкúһЩϢֻҪõʱŻḡڲУŵԺúðԭļһͨ
䣬Ҳ˽һЩԽĻ
Ӧһƽʱյ磬ڵĳǴܳǬʮһ꣬ʱչӦǵһʱڰɡ֮ǰʱշչҲֹһŮۣǺȴûзǽֵս£ʱչĴ֪ԪԶ
ҵǣ֪ʷûʲôпƾ٣ƾٿҲǰ˹ЩЩôһϾôǴԽҲרҵԿ˲ǡ
Ҳ壬꣬ȻСδǴ⾫µҲѿԺ󳤴ķɣ϶һĹӡԭǰɥĸʱͻСĸҲֻǵˡģļҲԿԭĸһĸˣһ˿Ҳ˵Ǵˡ
ԭǸʮŵһӣԭ۳ǳίɥĸҵǵҲδңֻרĽɣ˷ڿΡֻһǰԭĸͻҲ˲٣ûм͹ˡԭΪȱʹټϸҪΪװɥԼæŽּҵԲ纮壬˸գôȥˡʱ˳ʹϡ
үҩˡСҩ˹Ϊ̫࣬տʼһһĺȣȸ尾ǺΪܵĥѧһȥ㽫˹ȥӹȥˡ
Խһڣ˺ҩ˼øӦ
үܼˡ
ţùܼҽ
ܼҽ˸Ȼ˵үǼе˱һЩȣһ£˽һ¸˵͵ݸһľӡ
æԹܼ˵ضϽȻӹװ˱͵ľС
嶯شľУ˼˱еľǼɣƤֽˡ⼸ɣƤֽӦþǵͷˡ
Щ˱͵ԿףҵĻ״˽⡣ãＸǱҲûʲôݣҲҪ˼ʹϵ˽ȥŷ֣ʵ״ôֹۡ
ӣܹ䣬һµģһģһңΪ̫ƫƧӪ귢ֲܾӪʲôʼտӱˡʣ¿˵ң̵Щӯ࣬Ѿ겻ӯˣ˵֧ƽѣȥ֮ǰŽתȥ۸һֱû̸£ϻһЩϻѹԾһֱˡ
һֱûʲôӯƹʲô̰ۣ͵͵ЩСȻֻǸСسǣΧʵ̫ˣȥʼӯࡣеĵּоȻһׯСͼеϢԣǸׯҲֻ֣һָ軧ׯкܶطһֱŵġеҲ̫ϾֻһСͯҲСʱ͸ȥһΣϢɢɢ˵ģҲ˽ʲôʱȥ
Щǩģ˶Ѿ˳ȥڼг˹ܼҺСȵˣֻʹӣȸɨָ߳էһ˲٣һСԺ䣬ЩƽʱҲǿõġ
ʵ״Ҳ㲻ֹۣôϼ˵ʲô󸻴ģҲ˲Ǯƣôڼһֱ²ά֮ͨնźĸԣ
⼸껹ûʲôӵ¡ΪЩһֱάЩ棬ĶǰϱΪɥ£ּҩѾʣĲˣһҲֻһǧ
һǧҲ˵ǲ࣬൱ڽһҰɣʱһͨ˼һ껨Ҳʮӣ֮ǰԭڿεķҲһҲֻʮӣҼ򵥵˵ʱһӴžͿʮˣ˵һǧʱĹ൱ˡ
ĿǰԽڹŴԣͥˣʳǣһЩˣǴԽ´ΪũӣҪأ
ֻԭִʱ򣬼ͥͲһĸԣȻЩҲʲôһҪǶģҲΪԽŴͰҪ󽵵Ͱɡ
廹ǵʱԺһҪƾٵģƾԺҪǮƿɲһĶ࣬ԺҪģӸԺٺҪլԺˡ
ڼӾһܼҲ˼ʮˣҲʮģҲûʲôΣѡ
ǣȥҲУҲİ취ܲ׬ӡȻϾ͵ɽգԺɡ
˵λʵ֪ʷһǺܵµģǰʵۣʱѾ涨ˣͨտԴɴ4ֲϵ·ֻܴӣܳʱҲӪ幤Ůô³Сζżʹ˸ɵйҲܴҵʱΪ·ɱͷġ
ǰһʱѾ200꣬ڴܳ˵ĵλҲڲߡ֮ǰܽܳгĹ涨ѾӣҲʼˡڻ봩ʲôû˹ˡ
ܳӽڣû˺ܲμӿƾٵĹ涨෴֮ǿԲμӿƾٵġ


4 ȥׯ   Ȼ֮ӿԲμӿƾ٣
Ȼ֮ӿԲμӿƾ٣ʿụ̃˵ĵλĩΪȻ˵ĵλ֮ǰѾôһ㣬ǣĸ˰ɺܸߣˣط˻ŵصĴ򼸼Ҵ¢
¢ϲǿƵģҪ㲻ܽгЩȣСˣûνľҲǲǵĲҵ˵Ĳҵ֮֮ͬбѹ
ĵٵˣȻܶ඼λȨأٺ»޵ģеĹԱΪ˵̰ԱѰ֮׬ǮķȻ٣Ψֻǳû̡Ϊգԡ̡ڴܳԼǰʮʢ
ڵٵʱ̣δЩĩãסѱԵ֮Ա඼һЩøŵĹȥӪһü;ӵܾӪԱݣʱ򶼰һ֣ñҲĿɽá
ڴܳȻԱЩӪӣ˾̣ǾԱְȨȥҲ˵ԱǾ͵ðЩ˵Ĺ죬ְܿȨѹȻ涨ˣʵ֮У̵ɽĸͨ˸Ҳö֣
ûпɽע֮ܵеĴѹ뵽ЩѾ⣬ȥƾ٣ϾҲǸĿѧרҵԺϵǹϵƾٶ˵ӦҲЩơ
Ŀǰ˵ƾǰҲҪӣԺ˾ǣҪٵĻھðԺ䣬ǲ׾ӣЩҲҪӡԵ֮Ǯİ취
ž꣬Ҹ׸ոȥТԿƾǶ˵⼸һ߶һ׬ǮȻƽʱգȻԭ֪ʷͬǴͬģѧЩƾصĶҲˮ
ķ纮ûк廹ҩֻ纮ϽȥЩҩ̫ˡڲ̾˿ȻȥԼҪˡΪһ21ǽҳҩƬĶ˵ŴҪֱ˽ܲܡ
ҿ⼸Ѿѧ˿֡ҩͺȰɣ˳ܼһѾˣںȵҩʲôأ
Ȳ֮һҪ壬ԺҲҩˡ
ֹ˼죬ķ纮ںˡڲٺҩˡ
⼸죬ÿû£ǲϵϰë֡ԭëֲ˵پԼǣҲԳƵ㣬ϾҪһз˾̾ë֣ҪʱĻ۵ġ
ԭļУҲᵽ鷨ԿƾʮҪȻΪ˷ֹٸѧıʼǻԼõıǽбϣ¼֮ר³¼Ծ֮ٽģڵȴʵ¼ƣԹʿǵ鷨ܲʵۻٵۣͳһҾԵб׼Ͼʱ˿ɲ˵ġ
Ȼǳͬһʱգ廹ǲɱĴǱ뵽һλʫ˹䣬ΪֳȻڻиУȴڵбԡг̡ɣ˺棬µʧ
ڼѧԨԴСʱүүѧ壬ҲһֱڼϰҲһʺֻ֡С㣬д׻ȱ˼ַǡԺֵʱԿ󲿰һɳͨǿһ󲿵
⼸죬ϰë֮⣬Ҳһ徭ִʱļ˵ǹĿһı鿴ҲԼסˡ⼸죬Լ徭ټԭļ䣬ЩҪӲĶҲŶЩ˽⣬ԭ̫Զ
˵ҪҷӶģԭڵķѾˣһֱͨŶԭָҪҷӵʱԭĸȥˣԭֲˣŸʹ˹
ҷ²һʱû·һʱҲҲڲˣȥߣȿһ¼еĲҵеӣ̺͸ͨѾϸ˽⡣ΨмǴׯԭļ䣬ҲûеõʲôϸϢ
͹ܼһȥׯǿһ¡
ȻҪȥһ£ܼȻûвӦĵСС͵ȴصӣܼҲۣԼүүȥ˺˲䳤ˡ룬үڵҲ÷ˣүԺҲᱻ۸ȥЩܼҲûб¶ǵʰö׳׼ȥׯ
һҲûд̫ˣֻܹ͹ܼһС
С͹ܼΪЩһֱǹܼȥׯģׯϤ·ùܼҸһׯľ
ׯڳ⣬ԵҲҪܳһʱ䡣ΪϿڳŹر֮ǰ賿ʱͳˡڹ˯Ҳ磬ҲӦϢʱ䣬Ҳϵʱ
ʱڵׯ


5    巢ߵׯе㡭
巢ߵׯеƾɣҲ֪ԭΪҲûߴ
Ȼߵ˵軧ÿһҲǹȡ軧ѡȻҲ±軧ƭϾһġһׯߵԺ䣬ҲͲҪסˣͲôġ
ׯߵأҲȫ˵軧ֻһ֣Ըȫȥׯߵĵز֣ãճҲͲ࣬£ȥ軧һճɻġ
ôȥģһֱֻЩֵģʣµһһֱǻš
·ϵʱЩɻ󣬲֪Ϊʲôߵز֣ˡܼҵĽͣס
ԭ׼ʱȥһƬֵأǺǩĪߡʱʢҪȥۣǸ٣ɺ֪ԭµľСӡ
ǸСӣͼߵأȻǱ߷ֵصһ׬һӡ£Ȼڼ˵ôûֱӰռأ󻹸һ飬в˵Ҫȥ٣͸һС
˼ҽ򣬶ֻһżӣϱͨ˼ռضûзӣֻ
ܼôһͣһȻҲߣϵЩ֣ûбƵ˼ҵɢĵزڴܳµжأ
ʱͻȻ뵽ԭУһֱӱźܴ֪ԭж츳󣬾;˵Ҫúö飬ȥٺùҫ棬ԺŲᱻѹһ˸߼۵ӣӸڿΡϣӶٵıµӰӰɡ
ŴײûȨȻ˵˵ģοǸأЩӵײũջ֪ϹƵ¡¸Ӽᶨƾٵľġ
ׯʱһЩڸĵ軧ԶԶͿˣͷеĻݼ
ȻЩ軧ʣϾڻûеʱҲΪʲôھˡҴүĵأԾͷеʣϽǡ
ͣ£͹ܼδӳСĵǱߵ軧һͷ߹ŹܼҺ幰֣˵껹ûеʱ򣬲֪үʲô£УǸС˵軧Ҳû⣬ܼ궼ҲʶֻĺӣһʱҲòǸʲôݡ
ո˵ʱ軧ĻеµľǹǰĻġ嵽ʲôݣҲûж˼ȥ
ǵ軧ִٵı飬ܼҲʲô˵ǶȥæɣˡүոսּҵֻҼҵүߵ
һˣǸ軧ԼŵһҲ֪ΪʲôҪߵҲе㵣ģǲҪߵĵ˻ȥ
ǵ軧˵Ƕ˼ʮˣҲϤĺܣ費ҪС˸·
һҲǣܼÿʱҲ𣬶ߵ·ӦҲϤҲʹӦ軧顣
Ǿȴҿصɡֱӿ˵
áǸ軧ϽλүСȴصӣԼֵֻ֪ĶӣùȻүǲһСС;ȡ
Ǹ軧ʹһЩȥߵ
ʱǶ£ֵСʱҲѾˣȻĲԣǻǿԿģ
е㺹ȻСˣһϲӡϾСʱûнʱ򵥶ӲһһƬȫһƬӣҲ׳ۡ
軧Сүǿ棬Ҳ͵ӴһƬӽһҲи÷գĻ˵ܹ300ء
300е㲻ţϾҲִ֪һĶСܹ߰ٽ
軧Ϊ岻ţ˵Ҫǽ˳ûг溦ܹﵽ300ġ
軧˵Ļû뵽Ƿ˳ʱ򣬲Žܴﵽ300˵ʱ300ﶼﲻʱŶЩײũǵľһȷ˽⡣
ʱȻͬǣҲ˵Ļӹܼ˽ǣʱ͸Щ軧𶨵÷ǳͣѾٽˡ
ȻܸЩ軧𣬵Ҳ׬ǮķȼԺҲԸЩũṩһЩµǮ·
һ軧أ߻һΪʵԭûȥ
Ǹ軧ǱߵûиֵĻĵȥ˿Ȼһ۾ͿԿߵոǱߵһԵĲ
ſͻȻץһСȻȻ͸


6    ԱߵǸ軧͹ܼҡ
ԱߵǸ軧͹ܼҺҲ֪ڸʲôҲûֹֻһԿš
ǵ֮ϲˡ
ʵȷƲϷ֣дʯһЩɳһ㶼ʺׯڣ軧ȥֵĻ˵һճɻԼõġȴʮʺѡ
ΪĸʮַҲ˶ʵӦԺܹ㣬ǿڸġǰЩأȻʯʹɳɣͨˮѽһӲݣرء
뵽⣬ѾȷƬǮķˣǾѾƺһЩˮ֮ġ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲô뵽ǻҪ鹦ѧһѡ޿ΣǽڿξͽСѾƵ***ѡſδǾſž˼ʵ֪ƴֵİ˼أרѸ档
Ȼ⼸ѵĵר˸Լûմ֣Ϊ֤һЩϵĽۣרȥ˺üƬصԲŻ֪ʡרָеĵһͰѾơЩСӵׯһϲͨǶѾԼеĵõġ
ЩػҲǻţҲǷˡǶ£պҲѵʱҲǸˡ
Ȼ֮Ҳǿǵ˴ܳ׾ʢУѾȴгСϲѾƵ˵Ȼ٣ֻѾ켼ϺõѾʵڲ࣬ȻҲͲͨ׾ʢˡ
Ѿģʱרָе첽趼վھ˼϶ܽľѾƵʷҲʮƾãõѾȫֹģŴҲصȱٹ߲졣ڵ˱ʱζһѾƣ϶ҲǲҪ·ˡ
ЩߵĵЩѰɣֳҲǲ˷ЩˡһЩҲиϰĶɣʱӦܽ᲻ѡ
ܼһΪϲأ˵үߵزãҲֲʲôҪ˵ȵʱʹȥȻѵ˲࣬Ҳ򵽵ģҲˡ
û뵽ܼ뵽ȥˣ֮ǰһϿǺʺϵģߵĴƬһֱţҪԺҲи
ĻܼҵҲûлɣԼү鷿һֱв飬ƽʱүҲûүү֪ЩҲΪ֡
ãȻǶ˶öࡣүͷģЩҰžˡ
УҲذűˣֱӰЩߵĵ軧ɣȻ˵Ǯʹӽ꽻ϵֿۣҲʡˡ
飬ܼ룬Ҳȷԣ˵ҲУһύȥ
һ£㵽ʱҪǶһ飬æֵһʮģ׼ӵʱҲиݣӵֿ˾ֱӷǮ
ʵ˵ʵҲΪ˰ʱæѵĵ軧ģΪܶطȻ軧ÿҲˣǻҪ軧ѵĸɺܶ£軧ҲҾܾ¾ܾԺֵĵؾͱ˻ȥ
Ҳĵ軧ΪǿͶǮѲġ
үҲֻܼܵʮο˿ûоһĺܿǵЩе㲻˼顣
ʱĵ軧ɫǰ಻סϲɫһʮģһǰæѶѡеʱЩЩ׳سͷæһ絽ϢۻҲ߰ʮĶѣһܽӵү˵ļֱϵڱˡѣԺҪ̺򣬸׽棬յʱҲҪˣ˵׵Ӿֱˡ
λ˼ʲôԵ軧˵˵;òˣΪող뵽Ŵũ˳紵ɹһ඼Ƚϣ軧Ӧò˼ҡ
軧Ȼûĳƺ⣬˵С˽ҶֱӺҸӡ
СոҲˣҪѣæǮһʮ㣬׽ӵֿۣӿֱӸǷǮһǩ飬Ҳи֤
ǩǿ϶һм˵
黹ҪǩģʱҲǮ忴軧һмģʵҲе㲻˼ʵһݻ£軧Ǹɻ軧ǹǮ˫ǹӶϵ軧Ҫ˸мȻ̫˽Щ軧
һ˵еǮĴԼĵأһӳȢϱǷӣʣµǮأũģԼĵضûеˣһ굽ͷָĵع˶ǲʶֵģֵأǾǵسı·ҲЩĻһʱҲֲǣϾسҲˡǰæѣһ컹ʮģ˵ˡ
лүҪСȥ˹𣿡Сĵʡ
Уȥаɡ
׼һϲõĳǱڸֵСܹȥ
㣬Ҷкºʹ˵Щ˺
ɶѽӣѵȥ·ǮƽϵȽϺõĴֱӳʵ
ûǮбȵǮϲ¡˷ܼˡ
ӣҲ¿϶и£ȻôˣǷ׷״Ͻ˵
ôߴ٣ҲͲˣ˵ոү˵ˣҪǱߵĻĵѣȻҪȥæǮһʮأЩǮҪ׵ӵ֣˵ҪЩӵֹǮԺҪֱӸǷǮأ
⻰˵ֱ꣬ը˹ûƭǣôأ
Ҹոտǵ׼ģûƭǡү˵ʱҪǩأôƭǡ
軧ô˵Ҳһ룬ȫһʮĵĹǮˡһһĶصճɶҲһӣʮĶһɵͷԺҲʣ߰ˡһʮģɸʮ͵ǰճɣɵӲŲɡ
ˣĥˣǱ˼үڵأҸϽȥɲ˵ȼˡ
˸ϽϵȻȥ
Ǳߣ軧Ǽվŵˣ¶ò¾֪ĸҵүȻҲСҲ˿ӣ˸ǰ͸Ͻ֣šүã
һˣܼҺҼȻҲ֪Ҽү˵ˣԸĻ֮ǩͿ߰æˡ
ԸģǶԸġ軧æ
ׯҲˣҲˣʣµľ͵ȺܼʹˡʱҲʹˣҪǺܸܿϲڳŹ֮ǰصس
·ϣеһʱͻȻ·߿һʮһ꣬һꡣ


7 ż   괩һɫֱ
괩һɫֱ׺ȻеɣϴĺܸɾСԭδЩ
еǣڸ·ʱﻹһᣬʱصͷȻдʵؼǰš
·ͨسǵģϱŰﻹ飬ӦȥسǶġʱҪŹرǰϵسǣضҪСܵġ
꼴ԵǶڸϳ˵ҿǸ·Ҳʮ࣬ȥһǲȥسǵģǵĻɣǵȥ
ϣүȥ˵ͷеһȻֱ·ߵ˹ȥ
·ߵҲŽŲͷһһ˳ܹе㲻ԣ˶ٽŲĹ˱ǰ˵ҪȥسǵǰɣҼү˵ˣҪȥسǵĻ͹ǵɡǱҪسȥġ
Ȼû뵽ôһ£˵л̨ˣ鷳ˣԼҲǿԵġ
ֱ̨ӽˡȥƻûسͺˣʱҪڻĽҰ˯һˣǴǵɣϿɲȫٴ˵
Ҫһͬţȥسǵģǲţ⣬һʱòˣҲµȥǶʱ䣬Ȱ˵˵ӦԼһȥҲһʱû뵽ϲس¡
뵽⣬Ҳֻв˼غƤȥ˼ҵˣ˵Ǿʵ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳ڸҹȥɡ
˵ʹȥǡ
ɲŷŵһ˼ҺһС꣬Ŵ磬Ǹ˼ӦǸСĹܼҡ
һʼΪ˵үӦǸ꣬һ˸·ʵû뵽һԼҪСĺӡ
ô˵ĻǶСүʮָмģǹֵлλСүˣҽɣسʮﴦҴˣҪˡ
СһлӣʮȤСƵģ̾Ŵӵ죬ʱȫԼҲž꣬ڴ֮ǰһصؾҪѹ˵أ
˵öֻǾ֮Ͷѡ㵽ɡ
ýˣ巢Ȼ˴ͷڻǲ̫ӦԼˮС塣
ɿ㶯ҲŤ󣬱ȥǼŸո·϶ŵ顣
忴ɵó϶˿ûоñ䣬ֻרעڷܣδضǻһΪҲδдţԼҲ۾ʼ֮ǰڼҶǼеݡ
һ·λƵţһʱһ˾ͻصسǡ
سǵʱֻ磬ϻһЩС̯ھӪ
ˣǮһϡ߹·Ҫѽ
ӣӣһǮѽԳԿѽ
ǵ磬ҲҪչؼˣʳ̯֡
ֽ˷һֱϿʱҲŷӦѾسǡ
ȻسǣɾԼҲˣü鷳˼ҡһȻһֱϵİóһֽõѩ⡣⻹ϸĴҸģһֱûԣӲ˴ȥ˽ԡ
һѩϺõĵˣǿСүҲֻͨʳҲһ⣬Ͼ˼Һһ·سǡ
λСүû뵽Ҫʲôر˼ҵ£Ȼޱʾ
Ҳˣ鷳ǰͣ¾Ϳԣζлˡ˵Ͱ˹ȥȻ˵ĸѩ⣬ɿڣ͵ҵлɡ
˿û뵽СôҲ֪ʱҪл񣬺ô˼ҵһ⡣
ֽӹ㣬˵ҾˣѩһûԹأҲллˡ
¹ȻǶԵģΪºɫʱðһЦ⡣
Ű
ټˣɳ˻֡Ҳ˻֡
ȻһṦɾ߽֮УʧҲ׼
㣬·żǸĿ˼ֱԺҪټһҪʶһźá
үҪ÷վ鷿ʡ
УȰϰɣһȥ
һһͷ鷿ǰϣǰոдõļƻüͷ壬˼š
ž꣬ԭ֮ǰѾ˷ӽ̹꣬ӴĻ̳ԭļ䣬Щӽ̹Ҳİˡ
Ӽ￴ڵı׼λķӽ̵ĵȷλȴˣ岻òٸԼһӣȻ⿿Լ쳵˵ԺԶˡ
ԭķʱģԭļҲ˽ⲻӵϢҲ֪سǷĺ÷ӡֻܽ˵سȥһ
ҲһʱΪ常׸ոȥˣ˵ҪТʹˣ³ˣҲȥƾ١
Ǳ߻ĵѵҲѾ˹ܼңźܼҲһʹ˰źõġҲҪ²ջҲļʱͿһЩˮˣǸԶˡ
ȻԺ󶼿ǮǶڿģҪһѸǮ⡣
˵ʵΪһѧѧ˵ˮ࣬ҪŪҲĿŪļ򵥣ȻҲһļżɶ˵⡣Ӳž꣬˳Ǿ͵׶Уûκ̣鷳Ҳǲȵ̺С
˰죬С԰ɡ
ǵԼһ̣Ҳûʲô̫ӯԺ̾ͲˣС԰ɡʲôСԣʱƤͼӡ
ִʱ֪ǵĶƵˣȻûжҲѣϾûʲô
ʱòлԼˢƵϰߣܳʱ¸Сԣ嵱ȻǵһЩСԵһڳԲɸӣҪ
ЩƵ׼ȥԷ
ճ鷿˴æĹܼҺǾʡʲô𣿡
ֱӵݸһţȻ˵ǽ͹ţǸүġ


8    ӣе죬
ӣе죬ӹźúһٴν鷿
ŵʱﻹŻʲô£ȵʱɵøϾ˯ͷ
ԭԴǺȻһֱָͨżָʼվ
ѧԭŵټ̵ģԼʵڲãԺҲʱ̵ѧˣǰþϵԼһѣ嵱ѧ
³˺ӱҪԼѧģû뵽ѧͻȻ䣬ȥҲ˴󲡣һ˵岡˺ʹ˸˷š
жʵǳ˸мȥʦһȻԭڵʱҲÿȥʦһأȥҲԵͻأ
ϵϲɫʣ˵ʲô飿
ǵģȻǺ顣ʦƼһλӵѧ
λʲô
šĿǰҲֻ֪λ·ӵҲ̫˽⡣
ʱеԾȻͼλһ÷ӡǵʱүþΪүȥɫ·ˣʱλŷλŷ̵˽һֱѧˣϢүҲֻգ˭뵽Ӻλн飬ڻү㵱ѧ
ܼ˵ĺ󣬸ӸмˣλŵķԼ϶Ƿ˺ܴģҲûʲôԱģǶԺ˵ȥʦ׼һЩƷȻٶ౸һЩҩģʦڿ϶ҪЩ
ãϾȥ׼˵꺣ʹ󲽵˳ȥϽȥ׼ƷҩģλΪԼүµʦڸм׼ʮ־ģΪ
ʱ鷿ȻеȻ뵽Ѿ˳ʱ䣬ովҪȥԷġŷе׼ȥ÷
÷ʱΪТûһȣ˿ûн黳Ȼ̳ԭݣҪеһΪӵΡҼĳزҲͦóԵģշǳ룬ȻղĻԺЩִСӦҲ⡣
ʰҪĶȥ˳ǶӵļҾڳǶҲԶ
ʱ͵ӼҵڡеխҲȥͣ棬˾
ЩƷҩģһǰȥš
˼º󣬺ܿʹŵĽŲ
Ȼһ򿪣ľһµĸˣƽ׽ˡԭļӦþӵӣҲʦĸˡ
Ȼæһ䡰ʦĸá
ӵҲǽϣ˾ͺ飬Ͻ˵ˣʦİɣʦʱ߶㲻ٴΡ
ţǵģһʦ֮ǰһֱҲһʱûʦˡش
˾УϽȥɣʦ棬ոŵʱڲǲˡֻһŮѾ޶ˣһֱûСӣԶɷøÿѧϲ
֪ˣʦĸȻ͸ʦĸȥԺӡ
ȥʱ򣬽ϷֺŵĺüֵʦôණһߵʱҴȥ
ʦĸʦ࣬һôЩأô˼ٴȥأˣǸϽȥʦɣʦܻءæѻʦĸ˵ѶȥЩ
ŶãҴȥҪȥʦһʱҲҪ˵ʲôˣ͸Ͻȥ
һŵһҩζҩζҲŨӦǸոպûõҩµζ
λðһŴӾͿͷ棬ˣͷŴأ׼
ϼɷҪ͸æȥ˴ϡ
첽˹ȥ˵ʦˣʱɻã
ҩеɫʦ֪ǰʱǴһҲˣԺҪģҪãԺһҪԼ塣ԼѧʮϲģԼԭȥģֻֻðиԼѽ̵ˡ
лʦ̵ʦİɣѾˣԺҲһעԼġ
˵ţ˸͵ţӦÿ˰ɣʦԺǲܽˣԸ˸ӡҸҵķţҵѣҰѾ˵ˣѾӦѧسǱ¹ͨ︽һ˽ӣ̵ѧˮƽǱҪߵģ㽻Ƿĵġ
ллʦΪıĲ֪ô
Ժúö飬ҿǱˡ
˵һỰȻ˼⣬һʱˮƽû˲
ҿ֮ǰ鶼ڷļ⣬һһĻشȻľҪˡ
ӶԼѧشʮ⣬̲ס˵ã֮ǰΪĸ׵ȥһֱȥѧϰҾͷˡ㸸Ҳοġ
ţ֪ʦ
ˣԺҲ̵ܽˣ㵽ŷһиҪúöǣвɷģ˲Ų㹼Ҷ
ŷӵĻͷһȣӵĻУǿеĸܵԼĹĵġ
ʦİɣһμǵ˵ġ


9 Ƥ   ӵ׻׻̻ܡ
ӵ׻׻̻⣬Ӳ˵Ҳڶһи
ΪڹŴײһù٣ûκȨԵġƷΩжߣֻͨƾһ;Լӵ˵Ȩ
ǻȥúæ׼Ñվȥݼŷӡ
һ֪͵磬Ҳ˳Էʱˡ
룬ͻȻȥѳйҲ֪үʲô£Ҳûʾ͸Ͻȥˡ
ӣү㡣ȰĻһţȸȥүǡ
һүҪһӦʲô£˲֣̿ʵҲûʲôѽ֪ү˵ǽȥʲô𣿡
ͷ˵ʵҲ֪ҪʲôүҲû˵Ļֻ㡣Ӧû£ոүҲûӣĸȥɣȥ˾֪үҪʲôˡ
һĸӶ뵽׽ȥʲô£ûע⣬ͷԼѾүǰˡ
ʱŷӦæү˸˵үážһؿүҲûҳү
ѳйʵҲûб£ֻƤȸԼˣֱ˵㲻ýţҽҲûʲô£ͻȻǰϿһʳһԣܲ
廰һ˵꣬ӾһԭֻүһʱѪĵµĶҪѰĴȻͷˡȻ˵ү˵˵ҿܲ
˾͸ʼ
ʵƤǷǳ򵥵ģڳˣүܿˣƤĶҲһְգҲûҴƱֻ˵ȥԿ
ԳģϽȥˣԽʳ¯Ƥڴ
صڳæʣӣүȥɶѽ˵һ£⼸ӶȥʲôĶܺ档
Ҳûɶ£үϿһʳҸһԣܲˣ˵ˣҪˣүǱߵء
ԭô¡үôģҪǰæһʡ
滹ͦ۵ģȻҪæӻֵɣ˵ѽȰҺһ棬ʱѶŪʱҲүǰһǵ֡
嵱ʱ˵Ļͦ׶ģĺ˳
ǰʱ˰æļûñ˲֣һǼӸϵš
үȻû˵ܣźܶ˼ҵһЩʳӶǱܵģ׼ûҲʡıĸӴȥ
ѽˣӾȵؽг
ˣ͸æʣܽȥǺ뿴ʲô
ɣɣص
ӽȥ󣬾ͿһűЩ͸ƤһĶ
һ²
Уϴһ֡ŵһһʼĲ̫õһţһҲ϶øүȥԾҲûϵ
еġһ˵
˵үƤ
ӿŴδЩ͸Ƥ׷׸е棬ôҲ벻ôġ
˶ˣҪϽȥЩƤøүءе㲻ͷشߴٵ
Ӽӷɢˡ
ӼҲûٶ˵ʲôϽŷһƤȥ͸Сү
ôŪ忴Ӷ˹ƤʣΪỹҪһʱء
ţʱ˼ԱߵӰæŪĿһ㡣
忴ЩƤǰûʲôӦҲǳˡֻһŵƤûϣҲûʲôζӰķһЩϣ׼һ
Ը϶ȥˡ
ԷʱƤӵտ˵ǺܲˣӵĵϺŪķǳóԡ
ʱŹܼҺӦڸϣǾȥæ
ոȥʦҪÑȻһЩƷǸŷܶԼүһӡ
˵үʱ򣬾ͰеЩ£ȥˡ·˵үŪһ³ʳҲЩ棬Ծͼӿ첽ſȥһ
ܼҺˣͶԺ˵£ȻԱߵ˵ȥø
һæذ˵ʹãôܺүһ÷أ
ǵغȫүڵʱүһ÷үͬˣҲϼأүȥˣүСͲôˡڱүڸȨȻ˿ү׾үͷ·
ϵǾ˵ú㳢˹ĵ³ʳȻкйصҪº
⣬ܼҲֻ
㳢һƤ
Ƥеɻ
ƤԼһ֡ȳһζô
˳е͸ƤһԾ;òһ㡣Ƥڸˬ оһӾͱˡ
ôó԰ɣ忴źʵ
Ǻܲ
Ǻǰŵô
ţеɻ
˵ۼҲûӯɴԺ͸ֳʳɣ㿴Ƥͺܲ
ǿԣҲԼţҲǶһ
˵ҲС
Ƥ϶ԺȻҪġССͿԹĵһʳʳϡ棬ҪͻȻŪһѣǾˡ
Ѿ˽ڣȻ˵ҲԷģƤһʳһ֪ܶġȻⲻԼŪ˵ģ⼸ڸҵһзһ±˺ܶϡĶƤصһ
˿ûлɣΪԶʮģļе̲ܸӰ͵޸飬ôһųʳĹ±Ҳϡ档
Ͷ˵ȻǸ±滹ŸֳʳүһҪܺãó
ţõġ
͹ܼҺ˺ܳʱȥЩǸִһЩСԵģʽ˺ܶõ
ֻܼүȻʴӱСС;Ѿô࣬ԺҲһԿ˳ҫ档
طôҲͳֹʮˣںϾ˾Ǻ˲õˡ
Ѹϸڶͺغ ҲԺҪ飬ƱҪЩ½
룬ּһ䣺ƤҲܼ򵥵ģֻڴҶûԺʱҪСĲҪ÷ȥ 
ȻҲ֪⣬˵ţ˶ǩģӦò˵Ҳύȥġ
ܼҺǰôǷĵģǽȥ鷿ˡ
Ҫȥݼλŷӣ˭֪᲻һϲʹأԻڶ׼һȽϺãȡ첻ӡ
ڶ糿ʱѾ׼ϴˡ
ȥݼŷӣһȥӦõģٻܸһӡ
嶯ܿ죬Ӿ緹ʰøֶ׼ˡ
ֻȥģǰݼ·±Ƚش󣬺ҪһȥҲֻôӦˡ
ʱʱ磬·ϵ˺٣Ҳܰ ҲеĿһ  ܿ͵˳Ǳ¹ͨ
˵ʱѾв˼ҿʼţŷһƬǺ֪ܿŷӵס
Եŷǰ嶯Ȼֱǰš
󣬺ܿһСܵĽŲȻܿžͱ򿪡
˸ŵ˺循һ Ȼû뵽Ȼϡ


10 ʦ   㣿û뵽ּˡ
㣿û뵽ּˡЦ˵
ŵ˲Ǳˣ֮ǰżõɡ룬ĻԺӦûͬˡ
ʱҲе⣬û뵽ôּǸǸСүСүӦʦġ
ӦʦİɣϽɣȥӡ
ȥԺ֮ܿͼŷӡ
ŷӴһɫп ͷϴһɫɴƳɵıñһ͵Ķ
Ȼŷӿ֮ǰʦͲ󣬵һͱӸӽ׳о
壬˿û⣬˵֮ǰѾ˵ˣûôˡ
ڶ飬ѧҵ
УǾ͸ҽȥɣ˵ŷӺԱߵ˵˼仰Ȼʹȥˡ
û뵽ŷӸûпУĹΣֱŽȥˣӦ˼˰ɣ岻ȷš
ŷӵãмŵһ
ܼҲһ˽һԡ
ŷ˰ݿӣӺʼаʦ
ʦҪѧߵס
ŴʦͽϵڸӹϵȻѾʱҪȥӦʱķǣߵŷҲûеִؾصߵ׵ǡ
ʱ򣬸ոջڵɲ֪ʲôʱˣﻹһ̡
հʦǣӹܼӹ޻İʦȻ˫׸ŷӡ
ŷӽӹ󣬿˼۱ʾ⣬ŵһߣȻһվŵɶŵȡһһ֧ëʵݸʾ
һʦҲˡ
ԺͿҵѧˡֻǶһ̤ʵأˣСЩҪǵáȻƽʱʲôã˽ʦ֣Ҳֱҡ
طӣѧס
ˣھʦȥѧɣʱѾˡ
Ҵȥɡɶ˵
лʦˡ
Щ˼˵ɾУúʦˡ
ţȻԳҺ֣Ȼͺɡ
ҲСһǸһɡ
Եġ
ڼһʮˣȻҲǷƽѧйءƽʱҪʲôѿҲҺηʦ֣ӼãΪǰæȻһ԰쳣ѧ٣ЩԣƽʱҪעⲻҪѧҲͲϸ˵ˣԺԼȥദ
˵֮䣬͵ԺҪϿεĵطˡ
Ͽεĵطܴ󣬸սȥʱ滹Щӣ忴һۣѧӦȫˡ
˼һףҲЩ棬׷׳ſȥ
ɸҽ˵ǷµѧԺǵͬˡ
ţλͬãҽ壬ԺҶˡ
ߣСƨ
ùǸ١滹λڿԼȥһϲġɵ˵
õġ
ӵĺ˹ȥļλһ
٣ɡ
ѭȥһСӡ
СҲʿԼ͸Ͻ֡
˽ֻܹжʮˣ꣬˶ʮ꣬һҲǸٻ⼸ѧ
ȻһЩ棬ʵرǸ٣⼸ֻ֪飬Ҳ治һȥ
ˣһ͸Լλӣ͸Ͻк
忴Сӳ֣ȥҲûоܾ ﶼһǾǸСӵԱһλ
ҽʣأ
ҽ塣
Ҹ㣬ѾˣҪʲô˽ĶҡˣҪԶҴ⣬ڷӻûǿԳԶġ
ˣллҲֵԭˡ
ŶǺðɣҪʲôʱԾͺ˵Ҵ˺ܶࡣʻص
ˣҸ  
ˡѵ
Ŷеʧ̫ˣûкͬ˵ء
ŷӽ󣬾֮ǰѧĿҵȻ󰤸˼䡣ΪԲڴС
ˣͰϰ߿ʼѧȥ顣
ǧ鵽ңԱߵССֹ
ǲģӿ϶鵽㡣ʶ˵
ޡ
õ㵽Ĳҡʿȥˣһ
ӿԻ籣ӡ󱳡
һӳǡѧĸֵģȻر
ھԻ籣ӡĳ֮䲻УԶӡδѧӶҲ
ڳ飬Ǿó˰ʦʱŷ͵Ǳ
ŷ͵ⱾźܶдСעͣٿظ͸ˡ
ˣȥɡһʡŷ˵
忴ʱԱߵСʾͱӳˡ
ʿȥǵʱ򻹻ͷ˵ȥˣֵغƽҪ̳һ㡣
ұһ¡ΪܲТʼ
һ£Ȼǵе㲻ãǽͰ͵ĿʼˣܲТʼԻΥӸ֮Ի
һ÷˺üΡ


11 ڿ   Ҳ֪ԼĲã
Ҳ֪ԼĲãԱԹԵĵͷŷѵ⡣
ŷӿŵͷ˵ȻȥѸոݳʮ飬ȻҺúñ
֪ˣӡʴͷɥ߻Լλá
ŷֽ˼ȥ鱳Уһʱ͹ȥˡ
ʱ濴ע͵ġҲûиоʱţǳ˽ȥ
Ϸŷӿ岻ı֣⣬ɵοص˵ͷ
걳кŷӿʼڿΣΪѧмѧѾˣŷӶֻǵһ˽£ȻָǲµĿȥˣδٽѧݡ
ѧѧϰҲ̫һŷÿξͽмȲѧȥǽѧЩûнеѧԼϰ֮ǰݡ
һʱ䣬Ӳź֣ȥ
ӽԼŷе飬ߵȥ
Ѿ˵ˣѾˣȵҲ㲻ֻڻҪĿ㣬ѧΡ
һֹȻ˵ĸо֪ῼ ι̣ڸ·ӵʡ
νߣ򲻵һ䡣ŷʵ
岻ش־򲻵򲻵ǻ򲻵
ǹʾˣ
ˡ

ŷһ˶ʮ䣬ȫ˳ػش˳ѧˡ
ţһյĻǶҲֻҪᱳ˵ģҪС˵һ¡ǹʾӽã־šĪĪԺ΢ʾҲ仰˼
һ£ܿ뵽仰ĳ仰˼Ҳ֪ģ˵Ʒ¸еû˿ĵطҲǽġ
ҲΪСС;ѧá֮ǰѧʫ
ʫһԭļ䣬ҲֻǸšɡѧһǳԵƽƶ̣Խ֮ǰҲʫûʲôоֻʵʵػش˵طӣδѧʫֻѧһƽơ
Ƕ˶ҲΪ˿ƾ٣ƾеʫ͸ɸҲǲɺӵģԺʫҲҪѧˡ
˶٣˿ڲˮŷӼ˵ʫҪľǰʫƽƺѺ⣬ʫĴܹŪȻһдִʡԽһ֮ǿʫѣ󲻶ѵյָʫʫĽṹ޲УȻҲһ
١ǧɡҲ϶ѧˣԿѵ䡷̶ϡʫƷҪĻҪǰʫȻСʫⱾ飬רŽתϵģԺʫҲкܴ
ѧܽˡ
Ժҽ㾭ʱ򣬻ҲʫƽʱԼҲҪڴ˷¹ǡ
ŷӵˮƽȷܸߣԭԼʱЩطеģ壬Ǿŷһ㲦˲ඥ֮С
Ȼһͯסһ˵꣬ԶʱרעټϴԽ֮ǰѧרҵ漰ŴйصоŴйص鼮 ѧЩ徭ҲʮɣһͨҲŷӸӿֻԼµѧʵʴӱϲ
ΪŸҲǷӸϲ壬һӸ嵥ڿεʱ˶ˣҲץסᣬŷӽĸ֪ʶ㡣
ɢѧֱӻ÷ģʱҲ㹻ģɢѧ׼˺֣ȵҰ
һתͷֹȻǸСӡ
ʺλǽŵģټСǸ룬òԼԱ˸ˣϢʱǳַԼĻԣһӲǺˡ
ֺк£ͣ½Ųͷʵ
ʵԺҿȥ𣿡ʵһʼ˵ȥҵľ¥ԷģΪʶһ죬ܾԲŸסġ
ѣϾеһԼ˵˺ܾõĻûиеᷳˡ
ˣû뵽ʵ ʶͬӡ󻹲Ҳûо࣬ϾǰǼһʻ˵ѣϰ˾ͲˣסֱӴسĸһͩĵط һ⽵ģҪĻһ¾Ϳҵˡ
ŶáǵȷӷżٵʱҾȥ㡣ʸ˵˵
ţټ
Ŷãټʳ֡
ϣ÷ʱûס˵ԼʶѡǼȻûʳ޲ĹأͰȰȰȵ˵˸
ĸϰԼӵ磬Ҳδϣö˵˸
꣬ĸŶôϲµѣ˵˶һȥ͸˼ҡ˵ʳһСӣĸкܴͣƽʱܵĶ˽ţÿȥϿ֮ǰӴϲٵġ
һҲú ԺǵĹϵøðɣȷš
ʱ˷ܼҺ˵һ°Ѹ̸С̵飬ȻСҲģҲһ벻ʲôõԸɴͽСˡ
֮ǰִСԽЩ ú˶һЩһЩ пռ䲻ͿԲõ棬ù˿Ϳԡ
Щܼ򵥣ҸľͿԺܿ
Ṉ̀ѾһƹһʦԵҲȥƹˡܼǸƹҲûٴ򽻵Ҳġ
ټϼԼһӣƽʱҪȥ˽飬ļҲɵСһƤ
廹ִּ˺ʱŪ
ȥʱڱĵطҲֻǲ֪ү˵ǲһֶ
󣬺ǳȥæЩˣǽ鷿
ȻڴԽ֮ǰ˵ѧһöˣҲҪڷܵġ
ǰϰԼÿչ֪ʶһ߻룬һ߼¼Լ뷨
ڴ˴ܳҪʼƾˣķҲǺǰһһӽݣһֽдԼĸ
ЩҲ־ͿģҲû϶ʱ䡣ʣµʱͿʼ̶ϡⱾ飬ѧʫ
̶ϡҲдʮǳ׶忴ĵҲʮ˳ѧ˲١
ⱾƼڼﶼûҵɢѧҪȥ̿һһԣҲҵ


12    ɢѧûֱӡ
ɢѧûֱӻȥǶһȥ
ǵһյŷ飬סµʱͣҲϤЩ÷ˣͰȥܼȣԼһ˶ˡ
ȻûȥԭļﵹУҲҵĵ
ҲԶһҲ͵ˡȻ磬Ķɲ Ҳӵĵز
ȥֱ֮ӿʼǼ顣
ѵ䡷͡ʫƷܿҵˣֻһʫûҵ˰죬ֻѾҵȥǱߵƹ
ȥʱǱߵƹط飬֮˵ţּǰһվ ´鳭㻹͵
лƹ񡣡ԱһɫѵʮӹǮ˵
תŷǺһ˽ӵĺηš
һʼˣСָ˵˽Ѿŵѧ֮һҲסηʦ֡
ȻˣȻҪкǰ˵ʦֺã
ţʦܺáҪʲôҲҿ԰㣬ҳ ҲϤηŶʦҲӡ󣬼СʦܴкҲȻȻĵͷ費Ҫæ
꣬ɺ˵ĵȷηʦֹȻǸĵӡֱӶԺηʦ˵ҽ򼸱ոоٵ鼮Ķҵˣڻһʫûҵ
֪ѧʫʱҲùⱾ顣ҹҰҿ
ηŶΪϤܿһһҵⱾ飬ݸ˺ŵ塣
ʣһˣ磬Ȼ´ƾͱ ⱾȽƫȻ´ƹȥⱾ鲻֪Ҫȵʱη˵
õⱾ飬æ˵лʦְæˡ
ηǸԸ񣬼Сʦ̫ܶϤ˵ԺҪʲôԵΪȫϵҶСЩҪҲͿȥǱߺƹ˵һûУԺƹʱҲġʵ㲻̫ҲѡֳȻûӡˢȣʤڱˡ
ֳ治©𣿡ʵ
⵹ᡣҾ;Ÿ鲹һ¼ãÿγ齻ƹ ƹ񶼻ϸ飬ȷּûд֣ЩǿԷĵġηŶԼⳭ˿ûбܻ䣬ȿ׬Ǯһ¼ãֿϰһ֪ʶûʲô˵ġ
֪ˡлʦָЩ
ûû£Ժ˽ʲôҲҡ
Ժʹʦˡ
ţʦ£ˣټʦܡηҲ£԰æҲûٶֱˡ
ʦټ
ȺηʦԺȥƹǽˡ
ȻŰ˾꣬ûгǸСӣƹ˿ûһΪĺҲûУǿˣһǼеƵġ
ѵ䡷Ǯ ʫƷһǮʫܹӡƹһֱӱ
ˣĸ̾鼮֮󣬵ЩӵҲĳܷΧ֮ڣҲˬĴӺɰóӸˡ
СɾԺ龡ԵҼ򣬲˵ģҿԱ֤سȫġƹһЦ˵
ţСԺҪ͵⿴ص
飬Ҳδֱӻȥһ·ȥС̡
캣Ѿ˰Ѹ׼׼׵ˣҲ˵Ľ˸졣ĵطƤ⣬ڵڷųҲͰ档
Ϊǵһ Ժһֱ߿š
ȥʱΪԷʱ򣬵Ѿ˲ˡ
ҵӵضλ㲻Ϻְ˵˵ߺȣһЩƤʶҲ˽ȥһ˼
ƤҲߣһǮŪҲͦģŪװҲһ˳Եġ
ΪҶǵһ˵ܶҲ볢ʣԻв˽
ȻҲ֪òó ˷Ǯ ҽҲͰ˵ģڵſڰһԳԵĵطһЩһʼ˷ǮģԳҲԸһʳʳ
һǸƤسﺫĶү󣬱Ҳͽƽʳ¥żȻ˵һһֽƤµĳʳ˻һ¡˵꣬ͳ׹ģԾ͸Ͻܹһ
͹ҪһƤһҲһ룬θڴҲԶҪȵĻ˵
ţǾһšֱ˵
գϸ˹
˵ȻûһᣬͰһƤ˹
͹ãϵĵҲԼӡ˵ƾȥкˡ
ȻƤһǷŻƹϣڻƹϵļڣһЩ߲ˣгϸ˿ˮһ̣ټ϶ѿҲܲ
Ҳܲ£ԣҲʱõĿζһִ˳ò
ƤֹȻԵʳ̫һһЩ͸֮С
һڣֹȻóԣڸˬǲҺĿζƫнĩ ּһžù񫡣
кȵĻƽˡ
һǮ
ʵǱˣƽгϰߣɰҲмͭ壬ֱ˳ݸ˵Ļơ
ʱС̵ĽﻹΧһȺˣȥһӶǣÿǰвˡһʼΪִ˰ŷֲǡ
Ȼ֪ʲôζͦģһʼŵʱΪ洫ء
ҲǮʹҲһʣϾոյƤͳ
˺óһʱ䣬ŵʱ֮ǰĸʵ͹Ҫ֣ؼһǮƬģӼģţҪġĻȿɲִĻȳǻʵĻȣΪͷƬԶҲ̫ߡ
Ǹİɣ
УϾͺá˺ܿͿʼŪԱѾźƺõ⣬̯õļϴһ ߲˺ʣ͹ٿܳҪЩĩ𣿡
ҪЩ˵
꣬ˢˢһЩĩȻѾӺò˵ļϣּһᡣ
͹ļˣǱϻƵ̲ˣҪϲҲԼһ㡣˵ͰһҶ˹ȥ
ݹͭǮӹûԾŵ˱ǶζȻոճһƤŵоԼٳһ㣬߳ԱտĿζҲһ
վһῴһڵܿ캣˾͸Ͻ˹үôˣǶҪｻҾͺˡ
û£˶ٹҾһôˡ
ˣ˲٣ϵҲİˣѾǺܲˡһƤҲ٣ֻѯʺ˶һЩ絽ûϹҲһֱӦϡ
Щȣû뵽ľȻƤĶ࣬뷢ҲǣͿԣټڲŶ£䣬ԼȺů֣Ҳ㣬ˣһ׳ҲܳԱ 
ƤƵ߰·ʱͻĺˣʱȣǿɲһ
ͺͺ˵ٶҼŪƤǱ߼˰ɡ
ţ ūҲ֪Ѿȥˣ
忴СɵȻĸ˺ͻǣԺ˵µ׸ǰǮһӣһ¡


13 ̲   ү˵ǣԺ󡭡
ү˵ǣԺҲɵĸӾġ
ǷǳҪġΪȻ˻ǩģÿǮѾ̶ڲһЩ˵߰æǱڸˣæ쵽ЩԼЩǮҲӦá
һͻȥˣϾŸ飬ոʱҲֻǴŷ˷δϸҲŻȥϸݣϸϸĥ
ŷɢѧʱ仹磬Ȼмȥ̲һԼС̿˻ᣬصҵʱɫҲ磬ûа
һֱźǸոձ򷢸һˡ
Ҳû⣬һصҾ鷿˸յֵ⼸顣
Խ֮ǰһ·Сѧо˶ʼǵϰߣ飬ǰǰϰߣõľʵĲժ
ǰʼǵϰߵģõëʣټϿհ׵ĵطʵ٣ֲִõȾ⣬ֻܽʼǼڿհ׵ֽϣȻЩ鷳ֻҪװˣҲصֽңҲˡ
ʱһֱվ̨īˣϽǰĥī
īĥĲ˵ʱ֣ͣվүԣԷүʲôҪæģ̇ͷһ˵ҲźæһˣվˣȥϢ ʱٹ
үûϵ һҲۣ䲻ܸʲôæǿԶ²赹ˮġ
ãȥɣڶʱϰһ˴ţȥϢɣҲûҪæҲһֱվšԽŴȻܺʱŸɣƽȵִЩСչһҲǿԵġ
ˣ˵лүȻֻ˳ȥ
ʵҲЩԼԭʹΪСһжδͣȥûãھ ԭЩͬҲû˻ỳɡ
ٳЩǮ׬ԼӣҲֻǵһգŹáȻƤǱˣǱˣūŽǱߵ˹ȥһԸ˵Ž
֮ǰѵǱ鶼˺ԼԺֻǿ˱˵һҪУԺŵĹġ
ǺŽǵһ죬Ҳúү˵һ ټֵˣԾһ˵ˡ
ţ֪ˣ⼸캣ҲˣԺҲٲජŵ㣬ЩܽƹֱҲٲ͵㡣
ԭУһֱߣôһֱĹİҴСС飬ԭԺʮ־أټȥ֮崩ʱ䣬ҲһֱΪӴ㣬ѲжҲúģҲⲻҪ䡣
ԼүĵĻжˣЦ˵үİɣūõúܣǱҲ˵ùЩūԺֻܰĶ飬߿϶ĺúõġ
棬ΪһȥΪĿ˳Ƥڿʣ⹩Ӧˮִһֱҵ̲衣
̲ҲǷǳ򵥣ֻҪǺͲҶţ̶̻ѣ⼸ԭҲдѰġ
ֻ̲裬ԭϵļ۸ԭļ۸ȻҲˣ󶨼һ̲ǮͨջỨǮһƤһ ȴٻԸ⻨Ǯ˵ϡ󡱵̲裬Ȼ໨Ǯ
طҲ㸻ȻȲϽһǱһЩƫԶسǣصľ÷չǲģǮҲȻ١
ȻԸ⻨Ǯһ̲һȣ˿ỳ̲ϾڴԽ֮ǰѧУʱûٵ̲衣
ʵҲˣԴ̲С̿ʼȵ˲ΪֻСȣһС治òֶ˼ӡ
һʱ̲һ͸˱
ݻȼ̲衣ԵĻ˵
Ϊ°֣̲Ҳǰ׼õģҲŶӣµһҲͺˡ
ȻӺƾͰѿҪĶ˹ˡ
֣һʱ³̲ԣζĲŶ˵
ҳȥ˼£û뵽һͳĶҵҪǷ˵˵
ôɣʱǳ˵
ȷǲζǴ񡣡
ڿɲֹңҼӣÿضҸЩ ⲻˮأ͵ȻȥʱװϣȻȥʱ϶Ҫ֡

ҰˮװһС˵
ϣǮˮңܿ͸
Ҳ
Դǰˮ̲󣬵Ȼżʡ
񺫶Ըʹһŵүʵ̫٣үԸԽ⣬Сˣֱߵջܲһ˼ֻСȡ
׬˴һǧӡȥԺ굹Ҳδӷˡ
Ȼ˼ңҲܸˣȻæЩǮǰ
ȻǱߺæҲûз̫ྫ棬żȥΣʱ仹Ƿڶ档
Բ ˵Ŀ ݻҲܼסˡɾˣÿڷڿΣҲҪҹģʱ䣬ÿյıʼǣѾװ˺ˣ˵ƽʱĹˡ
ƾٿУĿǱزٵģҲʹ൱ִĿеĬд˰ɡҪ࣬弸ҲˣƽʱʱԼ⣬ȻĬдرһЩƧݣ˭Ҳ֪Ժ᲻ῼҲǰر
ѧϰĽȣŷǿģ״ҲȻӿԼѧڿνȣڽѾʼˡ
ѧʮϲϲķǼӹΣ˽¸˲Ŀ
˽ŷӸ彲꾭壬ºʵ⼸Ҳ˽¿˲ٹʫģڿɻ󣿡
⼸Ȼ˲飬ҲԼʫֻܾԼʫ̫壬ҲʵԷ˵ˡ
ʫĬҿ
ԣǵͷĬܹĬʱһԼʫõףī꽻˷ӡ
ŷϸ˿˵ʫܹˣҲѵˣֻʫ̫ھڽṹˡ


14 ʫ   ˵⻰˼
˵⻰˼ȷʫʱϰ˰ƽƶżʫҲü乤Ҳ̡
ŷӿ˵ʫΪһ֮ģΪ˴ʾ乤̣ǱĩˡȻʫһתϣ⼸ʫҲƽֱˡʫʱҲ£ͷͿԿ⣬ԻԾֱӾ𣬿ƪҪͻأԶȻҲ㵱ʱǿһҪ⣬ѡ
Ϊףŷӽʫĸּɺע˵һʱ˺˲δͣ
˵ô࣬϶Ҳ˲٣ʫ£ǿپѧġɣԺÿ죬һʫҿҲʲôԼС
ѧˣлӡ
ˣȥϰɡʫһ£ƽʱҲõĹǻҪġŷ˵
ǣӡ
ŷڶѾ˼µѧǼġʴӱһͨһڷܡҲԼëģϲĵϲǼӹΡԴ˽ѧûٳĿѧÿζɵĺȱ©¶ϵѧѧˣһαһνҲڸѧʱȥʫ
ǣԼѧ³ĻкܴУֻǿϧˣϻТתһ룬ҲûʲôҲѧû佾꣬⣬ԺķԼ֣³ԺķչҲкôġ
ֻɲ֪ӵ뷨ӽôֻŰǶȻϽһʫԡ
ŷӸ彲꣬ͽŽȥˡԼλϣѸոŷӽʱԼðĸʡˡ
һ죬˰ѷӲĹʣµʱʫһҲס
ʫǰЩʫԱһ£Ҳǲ̫һˣѾʶİǰʫʱ̫ƽƵϰߡ
֪ҲɢѧʱˡǶ磬ŷɢѧҲɢ磬һѧ١ѧҲȻˣ˵ƽԴǾʮֵģΪƾʵǶԴ̫ҪˡǷӸļ٣ҲǸ˵ġϾ˽ѧҲʮ꣬ͻСһҲɿһء
ʰöʱ˽Ѿûˣո׼ߵʱ򣬾ͱסˡ
Ǹ֣һ¡
ôˣתһʡ
ʵڲ֪ô˵£ҪҪ˵ȻĻ˵ˡ˰죬Źס壺Ǹǣҵ㣬һǸƤķӣһԸԸ⡣
˵꣬ͺҪһ߰ԹҪ˵£һ־Ѿ˼µѣô˵ڱ֮ꡣҪҪȰܾܾؼҺһˣҲûʲôˡ
꣬ʵı飬еʧЦϵˣ֮ǰ˽ºҲ˵ˣѾвĥƤʼˡϾⶫҲ̫ߣͳ򽻵һʼ벻ôĥһʱҲ֮ǰƤòǸȻѡ
ʼҿϾ¥ҲǸȥģ֪¥ҲûгƤǾ¥ĴûĥܵϴҲм湦ġҾ¥ĥˣֻһֱûóǲԸռˡ
ڳϾ¥ĥƤôҲ٣ʱϾ¥ƤóҲûʲô˼ˣϾҶĥˣôƤķҲͲˡ
ʱ򣬾Ͼ¥ʼƤҲ޿ָժģ˼ԼƳˡ
ȴԸ򡰷ӡҲʮֺˡһ岻ûгԿ෴ռ˱ˣΪѾв֪ƤӸѾֵʲôǮˡ
忴ʣҲѲ³ʲôԾЦ˵Ҳ̧ˣⷽҲֵʲôǮˣڲҪҵķӿҪǮġýɢѧ磬ҺһȥúͲ̸һ¡
ţ𣿡ʲȷʵе㵣Ϊ˿οô˵ġ
Ȼˣȥһ£ҼⷽͲֵʲôˡڸϽ߰ɣһȥɡ
ǵ˽ҲԶһҲ͵ˡ
ȥ˼Ȼȥ֪ͨԼүûһᣬ͹ˡ
ʳĺ΢ģϼ˴źЦ˲ࡣ
ʱ˹˵ãҽ߶ˡ
ֶö񡣰ڹȻӢ۳ѽɱⲻʡĵĶǿ̫ˡ
佱ˡص
˶˵Ӧú˵Ǽ˰ɣôģ
ǲԸȻҲ㡣ҲΪСӵѽ
ȻԸģ෴һһռ˵ģϾҲ֪Ҳвĥǿˡ
ȻˣǾôˡ֮⣬ֶ㻹Ҫ𣿡
ҲһˣֻʮɣԺʱҪڵƤˡ
ôأռˣϾѾҪˣȣƤˬˬģȻĺãһͲֹ׬ȡʮӡ
ˣһʵҲиҼҵӴ֪ȣһҾ¥Ϊ˳ҲҪѧţʮһҿ׬ˡʵȡĲִ˵ķʽһǮһȨ
ֶ˵ҲǣȻҲģһųϢȥġˣҲȻԸӵġϾڸ¥ԣʮĲʲô
ȻļҲв˻ˣǸһֱֳҲûš̲赹һֱûбģ³
꣬;ֱˡ
ʱ򣬺պڸͰºͺ˵һ¡ˣͬ⡣
ү˵ǸơˣѾԺˡѾ˳ˣûгḯ˵
ơҲѣҪԭѿ̺ѾҲǴͬС죬ϴԽ֮ǰƵټ漰һЩѧӦҲָƣܿ˰ĵˡ
죬ơտǺܺ
տõ𣿡ʵ


15 Ů   ѾȡˣѾ
ѾȡˣѾڵˡص
忴˱ָơڲž꣬Խ֮ǰǶʮĳˣװһСӣúҲ˿ɣֻΪΪɥһҹ֮䳤ˣټϹŴСձ죬ıҲ񣬺İҲŷ
ȻѾŪˣڵ￪ʼɣڼǣˣ˿϶ҲǰЩͰǱȳˣȥſɣȻʱҲ߲˵
Ѿ·ˣѾúˣһ·߻Ͼ۳ٺ
ˣǱ߲ú𣿡ʵ
˵ľ֮ǰһֱõǼӣΪƫƧⲻãһֱǡȻƫƧȴСһ㡣
һֱڿĵСҲܺ𣬲˵棬ųõʱȿʼơƺտˣʱ˿϶ࡣ
ֻ֪Ĳŷ֣ĿȫеģȻ뵽ԼŮߡ
ڴܳŮӳѾϡ棬СƽʱҲżߴѾһŹ䣬ȥЩ֬ΡСȻСÿģҲӵһеģЩСȻ˼
뵽Щ˼лһһֱõӣȻλƫƧЩһרŽӴЩСӵгҲѾˣͽȻӡ
ȻֻӴŮͣĶС̲࣬ҲȻ̲̲տʼʱѾ˼ˣҲѾֹһֿζľǽǺͺ춹̲裬ȻԲҲˣȻִЩ𣬵ǿڸҲࡣִĸŮ̲أ
ִʱ򣬾ôŮϲСһȥ裬Ը㣬ŴŮŴѵϾʱ䣬ȻƽʱԳһ䣬һ֬·ֻҲˡһרźСһɵĵطȻƫƧһ㣬ǻǲ
ΪطЩƫƧΧҲľҲӪһʵķΧһʺЩСߴʱˡ
Ѿ׼ˣү˼¥°ڷ˷˵ֶƵΣ¥ҲѾ˰䡣ξִɳķһɵʱʮЩСſ϶Ҳϲ
𣿿кʵŮӦƸƹ񣿡
ΪȻҪ¿ȻרŽӴŮͣõȻӣĸڶСǱߣھҪһЩŮרŽӴЩŮˣһƹȻҲŮá
ǰѾ뺣ʾˣҪҲߣֻҪŮӣʮ굽ʮ֮ͿˣŮƹҪһЩҪʶһһѡͲ̫ˡ
ѵ˵ֻŮŮƹĻû
룬ʱȻŮӳûʲôƣͷ¶ҲһЩˣһЩͨռҵСӼʵǹȥˣȷûļԸԼСӳƵӴеġ
һ£ͻȻ뵽ûŮǵʱƵӴ㿪ȻӿֻӴŮѽѽôǺͺ˵أ
뵽⣬Ͻͺ˵鷳ȥһθʾˣ˵еȫȻֻӴŮͣпͣͬʱһǽҪ¿Ȼӡ
꣬Ҳˣȥ˸ʾͬʱҲһЩسϢ˰ŴϢø֪
ʾܿȥˣдĺϸȻҲĹǮһʱ֮䣬Ϣ˼졣
سһСլУһḾ˵ţڵҵȥˣǼҲûˣ˵ɶôСԺ϶Ҫġ˵⣬Ḿ˿Ա߻¶֪ӣ˵Ǽе֮ǰҵĿҲòˣԺֻڼ廨ϴܹɶ飿ǰ֮ǰҲʶ˲֣ЩҲһЩȻƹģȥԣԺҲЩӡ
Ḿ˵ҲΣǼǰҲʵ˼ˣӻǸţֻ˭֪޳һ󲡣Ҳ˲٣ҩҲˣֻǻûܾȻһҵҲͿˡǲϱȥͷ¶ģֻǿӣֻʵȷԺֻдŮ𣿡
ţǸʾдģֻдŮͣŮһʮģƹĿ϶ҲҪЩĸ˵
Ȼˣȥ԰ɣ
سеһҲƵĶԻһʮ괩ϴķ׵ĴֲѵŮ˵Ҳ֪˸ʾŮˣǸȻӵĵطֻӴŮͣȥˣôҲ׬ЩױǮ֪ۼûǮԺҪܵȢϱѵԼЩǮ𣿲ȻԺˣûѹ׵ļױԺôӣ
ǲŮֻǼԺòױŮ˵Ļ󣬸˵Һһȥ
գʾȥˣԺҪȻǱ߿ţбŮ÷ռ٣Ҳ緹ȥ
ŵ˶磬ӣһգһ̵գԽ֮ǰͰֿζԵ磬ͽȥصŪ֡
سζպ̵պ󣬲ŴһȥȻӡΪеԶڼе󣬳ԵеţҲȥҲˡ
Ȼӵʱ忴ſ֧ӣڵǼŮӡ˹ȥվԱ߿š
ʲô٣һվǰСѾͷ
ҽк䣬ʮˡҲ³Կ࣬ʲôҲкСѾͷŵ˵
Ҳˣֱʼ£˵ˣڿȻȥˣ糿ʱߵ㣩⡣
ллүллү伤˵
ߺ󣬺Ůӣ˼ǰҲ˾ŸˣһҲ͹ˡ
ֻǻûӦƸŮƹģе㷢ʱһĸ˹ʵŮƹ𣿡
Ḿ˵Ļ˵˵ǣӦƸŮƹģҪǵˣһӵĹǮأ
Ḿ˻صǵģӦƸŮƹ񡣡
ʲô֣٣ʶ𣿡ʵ
ҽкַۣҺӣʮţ˵ͨǴֶʶģҲͨĸ˺˵
ҳشһ£̡վһԵ˵
ӿǰСӣϴţҲŲ³ݡʱҲ˵Ҽү
үɣҶͨһЩģҲҪ̡˵


16 Ʊ   ꣬Ҳûɣ͡
꣬Ҳûɣڳ˼⣬ǺӶ׼ȷĻشˣٶȻȲִѵˣǱʱĶˣҲ㲻ˣԴ廹ģǳʾ⣬ˡ
ȻҲģӣ֪ܲеһʶŮƹˡ
Ϊʾ˵ĺʱ˾Ѿˣʱ˸ʾҲһЩԭСӷ׷׺һ
ʱʺʯ𣿡
ˣڶڿⷿءʯҲǸϡѰҽݾģǮҲֻһ㶼ǵҩõģʵڲʲôô
Ҳ˺ʣͽ͵֮ǰпһʯƱķӣżȻǰѾˣҲ޷ˣǳɹˣ죬˴ôˡ
˵пģġ⼸Ҳ˲飬ҵһʯƱļءڼ֮ǰѾôˣд
ʵбѵģñˮƴ̵ʱˮȻٱͱ裬Ȼб̲տıơƣһеĴȻˣ뵽ʯƱӡ
Ʊūδ˵ֻ֪ʯҩĵġ
˵ʯƱôӣӦû֪ģʵϣ⿴Ǳ飬ΪʯƱδ˷أڹû֪
ʯƱڼʧҲҪйء˸ѧӦƱһΣҪʯΣ˼һ㶼бѣõĶǴǸʱ仨ѲȥʯƱѱ޵ĴһĿ졣ͨռȻûбѴˣʯٱˣ˵ҲһʲƵ֧һʯƱʧҲͲΪˡ
ںķӦ⣬˵һͿɣ
˵꣬ȥ̧ڸףһһЩһСһЩһЩʯе˰ˮȻʯѧʱǸ㻯ѧģʯˮıʮʯʡ
ΪʯǲֱʳõģıԺҪģʯˮֱӽӴƳıҲãʱСˮȻС׷УһСƳıδʯֱӽӴſá
ʯƱҲҪʱ䷴ӦģһʼԱΧŵļС˿һûʲô仯Ҳ¶̫š
ŹҲǰģֻ⻰˵үǾһԼװڴؿš
ү!һСͻȻָŸﺰ
⻰һ˳ǸСָŵĵطȥȻǳˣȻĿǰֻһ㣬ǴʱѾԼү˵ʯƱĻȫһֱĿתضš
һʱ󣬸ѾȫסˣվԱҲܸܵɭɭвΪԼү̾Ȼöкô
̧ɣԸ
Ȼ˱ôٱͿˡʵʱҲвйصĳʳͱ硰÷ˮ֦ࡱȣЩͨպݺҲԵ𣬵ǻһֽСɽĶͨջûҲִı裬ʮָӣһҲֻд˼Ҳܳϼء뵽Ҫ
ѳӺʼ裬ȥŮѵٱˮƴЩͻˡ
ֺܿ죬ָ£ܿȥ˰ƷҪ͵ģûִĴ͵Ľľһ׵ҡʽͽ̤ʽһҲ˳˳
ͣƷҲܿˡţܿͻġ
ΪӲС˵ˣǩģȨУټϺѾԼǣҲõĻй¶ȥ
ԷһֻӲŵùӣԺ;רŽˣһʱеŮѵʱֻ裬ֳɵģҲװй¶ȥ
ǷǳˣϾүǣټָǮȥѵŮʱʮּҲûʲôԸġ
ڶϣŮƹӾѾصȻӣվſڵˡҲʮ߰СӣǳлȻϹһʮģֻӴŮͣݹұسҲҲڶڴҶʮ˷ܡ
ȻҲǼǰҲûԼһܵƹġ
ǹΪѵģҲûҪˣԺӻм˹ȻߣûиǼڼϰˣҪעĵطҲѾͺ˵ˡ
ҾǷż٣ŷҲ˲Ŀȥ¸ĿأڵĽȺ˽Ѿ˺üʮʦֲ࣬ԷӶҪߣѾ˷һʱˣٲдȥ˽ӵʱ͸зӵķˡ
ʱȻ棬ڸеŮѵ̲տٱЩЩ÷֭±÷ˮһЩѳֵȫҪѧᣬʱҵʱŲæҡ
ȻҲǰȫЩŮǵģһЩؼֻṩЩѾõĿַԭϣȫôҲΪ˷ֹѸȥΪЩŮȼѾ˶ǩˣȫΡ
ӽ̸ǵЩʮ־棬ǰûмЩ̲Ҳ˵Сģٱб裬δţĲС
ʱ򣬴ҿǸװ׵ĶӽͲ֪ǽ͡˵ʱÿ˶һ㣬˲侪ΪˣǰûгԹĿζ
ӿǾı飬˿⣬ΪԼڱүһʱı飬Ҳࡣ
Ǳ棬Ӻ⼸ڸЩŮȻѵӿʼԺҵһЩעԼһЩȻӵķΪӾֺҲҪѧϰЩԺ󺣲ߵʱͻ״϶޷
һ磬ŮǶϰŸֶĶһָеүʣµĶЩŮǳԸˡȻҲΪ˷ֹԺŮǻڲʱ͵ԣϾҲСӣЩܲϲأ
ʱ򣬺һѾƺõһģһɫѷǰ棬˵ԺϹʱҪˣһŶӹðɣ


17 ҵ׼   ⻰һŮǷ׷׸е
⻰һŮǷ׷׸е˼飬ǴûϹǻᷢѵġǰɫѣһǣԼ۾
𣿡Ƿ׷׵ͷԵ
ɣ붼ǲģ˶еġЩŮٳٲߴ˵ЩǼеĳġΪһֱ˺ЩϣҲãȥԱ߰ү˵ģóͳһʽ¸ԺȻӵŮҲŮǿҲЩȻʲôУҲõĳ֡
ٴδߴˣһӴһģֱǰ˼˹ȥˣҲ˵׷Ч£Ҳ
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ΪҵĴֱʾ̾ͬʱҲӼᶨԺȥľġ
ӣġѣһɫһɫһͱȸոյЩѺϲ١
ӽӹ˵лˡ
ѷ󣬺ɤ˵ѣԺǵϹˣƽʱҪϵġȻӸһǵˣֻҪû޴ǹĻǲܴߵġϹ˵үģʱĶǲģ˸˼ʹˣѻˡ
˶٣ֽŹ˵ȻԺǸɵĺõĻҲнģǵı֣ǮҲǡȻÿҲֻϢ죬ƽʱ²ҪƹǱ˵
Ϊ˱Ժʲô¶˵ˡ
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ܼңׯ͵ˣءʱһС˹Ժ˵
УȥصȻֶԺ˵ȰŴҰߴɨһ£쿪ҵҪŪɾˡ
˵꣬͸Сȥſڡ
ſһźɫ鲼ѵ꺺Ӽ˹æӭȥ˴־ִٵ˵ѵģţϵһǡ
ΪȻӿҵҪٱ̻ҪˮˮڹǱ߶ˣȻׯԵˡˮʱһͻ᲻ʣرѣԺׯǱߵĵ軧ÿһÿθǶʮǮȻҲǲŲժķá
軧ţǱ߿˿ȷѶõģߵСǮ
Ǹ꺺ӽӹǮ󣬸˵˵ллܼү
ȥӺ쿪ʼÿϳʱ֮ǰߵ㣩һǮվɣֻǱϸСġԸ
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ˣʱ䲻ˣȥɣ
֪ˡ꺺ȥţȥȥ·ϣţԼϵãôһ׬ǮĻᣬֻһβֵ֪ܲϾժ˹ʮʡѾæʱׯǱ߳ż׽׽棬Ҳû׬ǮĻˣƣҪ˿ɲ١
꺺֮ǱûһᣬڹǶˮҲˡ˸ϽЩ˵Ŀⷿ쿪ҵʱó
ʣµʱ䣬úȥ渺дŮ˵һЩעү˵ҪĿ˸̬ܵȣԺŻӺ
Ϊ˳ҵ˸ʾ˵ķӣʹЩǮ˳˽ǧš˷һЩӡµĵӸС̵ĿˣǣӸŮ죬ƾŵӣͿܰŻݡЩС̳һٵĿˣһͥ״ҲܹȥһǼŮ죬ҲһС
һ麣ŵľһ춼ڼµ˿Ҫġ
ڶȻǱ߿ҵСҲʼƳտͱơˣȻȻǱߵٱҲУֻĲ࣬ʱΪֹˡ
Ҫȥ˽ϿΣҲûȥֳˣֻܵɢѧȥһˡ
ʱ˽ȷӸǰļ˵ڿ󣬾ͺȥˡ
ȥ֮ԾİԼļƪóݸġ
Ȼֺܸߣѧĺܿ죬ΪſʼѧûãûȷԼ徭֮УθҲ࣬һʱҲûȷԼԺҪľֻʱѧţ֮Լٶڷ徭֮У˼Ϊ⣬ȥ¡
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ŷĸģȦ˲ٺۼ꣬ŷӲſʼ˵⼸ƪ£֮䣬дûЩëü̵仰ĿҪûн׵ļдף̫⼸ƪıʻЩۣҲпȡ֮ģôûзΪ׷żͷµĺ壬Ťë
ŷ־ЩЩӣ˺ܳһʱȥ
δоඥһ㡣ҲһʦҪԣŷӣǾƾٿԵģȻֹԣԼŶľ飬²֪ж٣ѧ£ܿһѪҳ㡣Ȼ⿿ԼһĥҲԼﻹ⣬׾ͻ߲
ԼлǸˣԴҲͱͨն࣬ټԼҲߣһֱзӽ̵ʱоѾռ˺ܴơѳ״Ԫ̶ܴ϶ȱٶԴʦԭ򡣾ɣ⼸ཻͨ£Ҳ꣬ҲһЩ
ΪһũӣǸӻΧһЩûмʶֵġҲ˵ģΪǰ游ŷӻǵʱһѣжŷӺмֶ֣ƸΪѧÑסڼ
ɻھ˵أ븸ͬӡ˵ģ⼸ĸ֧˵Ҳǲƣӹʮֽšˣκ˶ϧ֮׵Ļᣬֻ֪ͨƾһ·ܸıԼüϺӡ
˽ɿ˵̿ģҲʶʱһ·һ߿ĳ
ȻڸпȴͣѸٵİǼƪдһ飬һܿ͹ȥˡ
ɢѧʱʸ˵ʰöܵ˵˵ҵСµĳʳҽҪȥȥȥ


18 ì   ʹɢѧ󡭡
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µȣ·ǾĵطţˣһϻǳһЩ
Щǳڻ챾ԣ̲סһһ
֪ԴҿСƳôʳʳҾ͸ر̲裬һÿζҪһݻȥںˣֿǸȻӣ˵ֻӴŮͣøˣ
ţǱ߽ͿҵˣĸȥĻ϶ϲ·һߺʴ𻰣һ²ڵΪһŴˣʵ̫ˣںûTͶ̿㣬ҲûǸӾأϧڣɶûУ
һᣬڵС̡ʱУò֣
崮⣬崮ӣ崮ըӺһơơһ¸˵
ϣ͹ҪơƻǳµģҪһǮ
Ǹİɣ
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һߣ˵Сʵʳ͵ĺүոճ꿾⣬һơƣûش˸ãλ˵ٸһˮƴ̡һٱһݱ衣
ΪүÿζǴֱʣԵĻͼסֻǴʱ˵꣬ҲֻܱǸ˵үˣĶУֻǱȴˡҲ֪ĺҲǽģ´ʱСһΪԤһЩҪٵЩģﻹ潬ҬӾƣһһ֡
ˣǾҪոյЩɣһҪʱһЩҲδΪѣϵʱѾһˡò˵ڸǾˣԵڶΡ
лүˣˮƴ̺ٱһʮǮ
ֱͳǮݸơС̵ĸǱͭ壬ǰ뵽ЩЩ¥ĴȥԷһϰģС̵Ķνӱֱˡ
һƻٱһٱһ˴ŶӹŻ˵
һʮǮΪٱһһҪˮͣԼ۸õĲߡ
꣬شӺɰóʮǮȻʹŶǵٱˡҾ㲻ԸǮõĳģ˵⻹˵ıˣôҲûԹЩ¥ȷбǸǮģ֪СֻǮܳԵȲشŶˡ
ܶϾس˴˼ңĸͥ޵ѣ
ʱʿС̣һȦ˵ߵ˿࣬ϴʱ滹λأ
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аοĸˣȻҹƵõȺóһᣬܵȵ˳øλøҡʻص
˽ȥҵ˽ԤŷСһȥ
СȻʶԼүոµʱ򣬾лƹʵүҪʲôȥ
һƤȻһЩ߲ˣٸһѩ˵ʼ˵ҪʲôͰɣ
һ⻰ͼˣ˵òãҲռģ㻨Ǯء
ЦģһΣ֮ǰҲȥҾ¥ԹҲˡ
ô˵ҲͲŤˣ˵ţǺðɣҾͲˡҾ͸һİɣȻٸһ̲衣
ΪԼүԵʣ졣Ҳû⣬Ϊ˿ģڿҲרĵس
˳֮绹ҪطϿΣ޲һֱŶšֻȴòȥŷһ֮£ǲüʮķ
ڻȥʱ׼ľ˫ʳУװ˶ʮֿζٱȥͬԣϾȣͬദ˼£ǻЩġ
Щٱװʳһͺأٳ죬Ҳڸǲֻоʵֻ͵˽ȥ
˽ӣ˰ʳз¾ǻȥˡʱ˽Ѿ˲ˣʳнҲܺ棬ɵضſһᡣ
ʳУȻԴ˵ЩǼٱҲֵǮֻѾ͸λʦദˣôȣұ⡣
˽ѧ˸𼸸ʮָԣҲһͥҲȷȣٱȻҲЩȵģֻǶ˵ʹҳٳû֡
˵Ҳȵúܣ㲻ԣҲҪڻˣʱ˷ˣԸλʦֻһɡ
˵ҲʮֿУ˿ûʩζʱҲͶˣһ˾߹ȥһ룬˵һҲȻ˵ڶˣʳٱܿʣ޼
ߣװģģ
˵⻰ľ˽٣żǮ˽ӵһ򿴲ֻƽʱڷӵǰֵĺãҲ֪Ŀ˽ͬͲôˡ
˽˼ΪټҾö߹άˣ˶ٵӡ󶼲ôãһ˾ʹ̡
ƽʱٴʱҲֻǶЩҾͨ˳ԲѷʻȼҾԣһͲôġֵֻԽԽãڷǵĵλԽԽأǳڿΣӶο佱˷ͷЩԽԽƽ⣬ȻҲͿʼ˳
һػ˻ȥߣҿǼʣбҲȥҳѽ
ҲޱĻصʦֶˣҲֻǿȲʦһЩ
ոٱȻҲ˵ģʱҲ˿ûбܻ˵лһˣԼм˼
˳̣ȻҲʱ˵Ĳá
кǸֱˬӣҲ𣬴ʱҲ˵ʦҲǶǵһ⣬ȴ˵ǰ㲻ҿû¡
-ٱⷬ˵ֻǼ˶ǴĿ⿴Ҳû˵ֵĻ
ʱ˽﹫ϵʦֺηŽˣһ͸оЩͣǱٵı飬Ҳ֪Щʲôº˵ӲõĹζӿǻġ


19 Ȼ   ֮Ҳ˺ʦ
֮Ҳ˺ʦֵ˼׷׼ӿгԱٶȣٶ໰ΪҶվһߣʱλʦַˣҲֻ̨ܾˣٳԷֻ̣ɲôá
ҲͣȥˣҲ˵ͻصԼλϡԼҲ˼£ƽʱҲٺǸٵ˵Ҳ֪ĵȻٰȥˣҲ֪ոԼҲٵˣ֮ǽӣԺǲˣҲԼԺҪۣעһ٣ȻѱԺʲô
ʳᵽλϣ滹мٱҲַ˳ȥȻҲֻͬǳԱǷӵˣֻǿǵӲôҲʹˣ¸óȻ˱ӣҲûаٱȥ
ƽʱҲ˰ѵĳʳŷȥһΪѧ⡣ʱɲִһʦһּ˵¡
ʵϣͳУؾʦ˶ʦͽϵʮءڹ˿ʦͽϵڸӹϵڶԷӵĸм͵㶫Тӣʱ㲻һ£ԺǣܳΪһ̸ͬʱŷҲ֪ļͥģʱѧĳʳҲһ׮⣬ʲôضҲûоܾ
ȻˣŷӣǰһֱԭҲûҲǷǳмģҲһظǱҲЩͬʱҲûżȥ̽һӵ塣ЩٶλԽѧ鴼ĵһ㣬ЩҲҲˣ
λϹһᣬԼĽϰŹΣûãŷӾش˽ˣվǺһȵһ¸ѧҵ֮ʼĵڿΣ£ǽ⾭塣
ʱȻǱߣҲַǷ
ԴȻҪҵ˲ֻҪϢ΢ͨһСӾ֪¡
ЩСƽʱȷʵûжֻ˳֣ۣ֬һС֮以ˡЩҲնѽƽʱʱڼ廨ٴʱˡ¿Ȼӣ˵ܺСһеʱ⣬һۣﻹи³ĳʳ˵һֻӴŮ͵ĵطˣЩСޱ棬׷һ
Ծǵһ쿪ҵ˲ˣҿ֮ǰѾйѵҲæңһʱ֮䣬ҲǾŲæġ
ͬʱȻ˶٣κʱ䣬Բָ˵ټ϶ԾͨռҵСӣżҲһΡ
ǽȥɰɣʱһСӺСôѾ˽
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ͬʱһŵ˷ǳŵζݴҲ֪ĶӦó濴ȥǷ֣Ӵ󲿷ֶ˷ҲƽĲһǲʵ
ҲûǿһᣬһɫѵŮ˵λ룬ԳΪԱʲô¶ԽҡԱƺȻҲ涨ģһ˳ڣһҲֳȻӵĲͬ
ԱȻСûһ˵Ҳ˼ʱԽȻˣƺڲͬ
Աߵһ£Сº󣬶ʱܸܵӷǳǳʱԱʼǽȻĸʳС˵ıˣҪҪһ
λС꣬һ£һ˵ǸһˮƴһɣһСҲ˵Ǹһ춹̲裬һˮƴ̺һܰɡ
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ӰɣСӻص
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Ⱥ涫ʱƷʱǾȣˮ˿˿ģǸ̲ζǴСӺȵһڵʱϲˡǸ裬СӸǱ޵ˣʮ˳һ㡣
һܿͳˣСӾҪһ룬ȻҲ˳ǸԴѾߵһٱﶫļǮʵ̫ˣֱ˸̾ϰĲƴ֣ȻѱŪ˺óԻô˻ɻ᲻һ߰ӵҲ
Ȼӵĸ䶼зҷ׷׸̾ʳζҪĵȻǻǼǮرˡ˭뻨żٵǮ׵е³űأ
ȻӵҲֹСӣҲѳɻĸˣԼŮѾһҲȷ١
ܿ죬ȻӾسΪСֹеһرĿĸСûȥһȻӣС۵ʱ͸岻ϻ̧ͷȻӵĸֶǮͣͨռҵСҲճһζˣ
һС̺Ȼӣ׬˸ܿһӡЩûڶ֮ϷģԼƶ˸ܵ¼ƻ滮ԼĶ飬ɣ


20 ׼³   ʱһζתۡ
ʱһζת֮䣬ѾʮˡʱȻ廹δȫɣǴΪ巢ɣʱҲɵķɣݰףǷϵһøС
⼸꣬˵С̻Ȼӣֿ˼ҵ̣˲٣ǰտٱ̲ȣһƳ˫Ƥ̣͵⣬ȸʳСǵϲƾЩ̣ÿ궼׬ӣһһ
ׯǱ⼸ֵѣһ͵УȫѾơΪׯǱϰĶѣÿ궼ջ࣬߼еˣһЩڸеıҪ֣ĶɵˡǱѾȻһ󹤳ֻ̣ƾһ˸㲻ꡣʱֻǱߵĵ軧æˡ
ѾҲһС̣ɴׯǱ߽һΪߵơһĺãڵһ¥кͰơƺѾһˡ
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·Ǹĵ軧⼸˹£֮ǰһֱֵĵأڴﻹ·ӣô۲ѡ
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سܰ÷ˮˣĸûһɽôܻһģŷȻֻһҲֻһŵĹˮƽܸߣô̳ѧм˾ˣлһǽʿ˵ͳдθأЩûϹɼŷʦġ
£ǿϵȥ壬ѱ岻ȥŷӰæʱŷ֪˿϶Ҳһܿһȥŵǡ
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ԵҲһֱǺúõģû⵽ʲôĪĴѹⱳĹȻҲǲ֪ģһֱҲֻԼöѡ
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˭֪䱾ԼЩһǮԾƵĺһҪƹģֵò¸Լүˡ
֪֮ҲЩգǸô˵Ҳ˾ˣ³ҲֻǶЩҲĶôǳ̫ݣҲڸִˣһ˾ˣ屾ҲܵӰ졣
뵽һ취ͨϵúҵǮǸĳһ£ȻĴǷ½ӡЩּҳ˿žҪЩӣʱ򣬻ûʲôԴĳǱ߼ûǮծǺģֱŴծòǮҪȣ֡
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󲻽游ˣһԼ׾˾ˣﻰ˼ĻҪ֡
ʱֱºݻ˵ȥ֣Ҳ£Ͼļûмݣ˼˵ͬء
һĻȻǱסˣĲǣֻһֱߣơʱųڵԼ԰æȥӣֻͶĳ˵÷ڽ̣ڼ˾ʲôĵͰǮˣʱĳծͲˡ
һɿԸǻӵʱȻﻹԹ飬ôļҵӶѳɽˣҲԸһЩǣǱĲˣˣĳǱ߻ӣ˰ȴϡ
ҲûбǱƵ̫ݣǷڻǱЩȥȻҲǱ߹ǽ㣬⼸ǱҲǸĸҲڵҲûú˹۲һʱ䣬ų׷
˽ɢѧʱŷصذˣʵʱ㣬ҲТˣѾ˿ڣɴ³һ·ݣԻڶ¡
طӣѧȷ³ˣҲԼ⼸ѧǳ
ŷӿԼѧοԴ쿪ʼԼѧʼգһֱǲꡣ˵Խʴӱٵ־Խǻӹ͸һԸ͸߰ӦͯͨΪݺᣬڸǲס¶۹øЩǲͬ˷Ҳǳ¡Ҳ⼸ѧһֱֻ˽طǻͯԣЩͯëһûС
ôŷҲԼѧˮƽģѧǰ԰ľԼ̳ѧˣϽʿţһڣԤУѧԺƱػߵøԶ⣬δɾͿ϶ڽڡһ,ŷӶԾ֮䣬ԽԽߡ
Ȼ³ˣôҲȥ񷿱ˡޡɡ⼸˻ᱣʱһϱģЩ㶼òģרıС
ӵ⼸ˣҲŵùģҲûзԣϱ·ͬСɣһϱǳ£ϱҲҪеεģ£ÿϱʮѣ£ŷΪ´£޸м
˼ǧҲֻ˵һ䣺лˡˣֻŬ˲ܲ


21 1   ӷ뿪ȥġ
ӷ뿪ȥʱɡɼЦʵֽҪ³ǰ¹ˣʱҲ˵ˣֻǴΪٸϲķ磬ɵһʵ·ߣûԽҪ³ˡ
ţǵġְѷӴɵ˻ᱣ˵һ¡
˺˵Ҳ˸ӦҲ¹һγˣʲô²ҡֻ˺һṦ˵࿼ʱעһԼľ飬Է
꣬ɺǸмϾÿ˶ˣԸԹۣ䡣̹׵˵ĳϿ˵Ǿ֣ʲô㣬ޱķԼľ飬ЩɼɴֵһƷиֱ
ɱ󣬻صУͿʼд׹Ҳǡ治ҪдꡢᡢԼòͬʱд游ĸ游ĸĸǳϸ
ЩЩ֮ٽᱣ;߽ıŪãͿԵȥˡһ·ݣ¿һµʱһ׼
ڴԽ֮ǰôӦԽļǵÿһʦẰһ䣺һҪƽʱ߿߿ƽʱģ⿼ҪҪӣƾҲž൱Ǹ߿ɣ֮ǰƽظǷżٵʱ򣬾ѾŽ˶ģ⿼
ʱԻһʱ䣬ǱҲǿԲȥģȻҲǿȥ̷ӵģԳʱ䣬ٽмģ⿼һԼ״̬
Ϊκһ³Уƽʻɹϵãһһģ⿼Ȼ˽Ҫ³ĲֹбҲʥˣչ˵ÿһˡ
գºʻ˵֮ȻԴе㾪ȣϾǴ֪ģ⿼彲еĺôͬ⡣Ϊ˷㣬ѵصԼңԻҲʽԵĻģ⣬ʮּª
һµʱģĳԣÿģʱ賿ȥųԵĶҲǰ׼ôģĿУڼ䲻Сͷǵľҷӳģÿģɺ󣬶ɷġŷڸǸľӵʱ򣬻һҪҪѧҲһģ⿼
ʱܿȥˣĴģ⿼Ѿ¹һγҲǳ̾ȷĺá
ʣʱģ⿼ֹͣˣʣµʱ©ȱΪ˷㣬ʣµ⼸춼Ǿһʲôⶼܼʱۡ
үʴ𣿶ٸüɣ컹û賿˵ƻ𣬶سУСҲȻǲμӿƾٿԣȴԵ˸ӽš
ģѼˣ㲻öˡ尲
֪үĽ̶ȣԼöǣֻ̲סΪүţһע⣬ľͳ⡣
忴źģѿĶһһ飬˰˺ġ
һж׼׵ǲųȥá
ȻѾˣǵõʱǱҲ˲ˡʱ˲οĿľ񺣲һ㿼ˡ
Ȼ´ͣ»ϣպҽţŵˡʱЩС̯ҲſڣſԾʹʱһʼơ
⣬Ҫ³ĿǷ׷ԵͷӶں֮УȴſԿʼ
ѾҸոһȦûп㡣
һתͷͼʺſ
ţĴе
˼;һʿ˿ӵȺ˵ôо³ôѽԼԶˣֱˢȻת˵Ͳõˣ˵ˮƽһøΡ
ЦŻصǾͳ㼪ˡҲ̫ģ֮ǰǼεģ϶Чġ
ûпʼأ˵һΡҿĹáٴżС߹˵
ôÿζ㣿ҿû£ñ˺áһپţٴѾһᡣ
ôôҾͿܿĶáٶݺݵ˵ȻƽʱһֱмӣֻǷӶƫѣС꣬ëûˮƽжߡ
ͿšʸҪͱԱվŵסˡ
˵ҪˣӰòʧ
Ҳ˵ǣҪǱֺ״̬
ţǺðɣҲٴ١ʱټǶĬȥŷ·ʤһ߿ˡ
ܿ죬΢΢ʱſˣһ۴ͭ࣬ྲʱ׼³ĿǱԷųһվã㿼ҲԾɢһߣΧ
һɫԧӵ˴Ӵ֮˳һξ뿴󣬱֪Ӧþ֪ˣ
֪أŵιҲֵĵһԣԼ
֪վſڣɤӣʼȻǺܴ󣬵ڴʱһƬžҲȻ˵ĻҲЩ̸ĻžҪؿԹأüдС׵ȵȣܿҲ˵ˡ
ǰȻ󳪱ɵϱ󣬲׼볡
볡֮Ѽ죬ֹСдȥѼۺϸ·ЬϸѼһΪǰͳֹ˰徭ֳһϣֽ״СǿԵʱűѼԴ˶·һͷǳϸ
·꣬ͷɢȷûֽţְ֮ѿıīֽⷭһͨҲˣһ˽ȥ
ò˵ո·ʱ䣬ʺãһؾҪϷ纮
ȥ֮㿴ǰĿڷһӡΪػ㸻Կﻹԣٿڷ絲꣬һ˼̿裬ȻҲʲôãҲʤްɡ
ݿţȥҵԼӣóеİײ˲¡֮󣬺ܿ죬ˡ
Ϊֻԣһ㶼֪ؾĳ峡֪һ֪صһǾ峡һΪڶΪΪٸ峡Ϊÿһ졣
ʱѾ֪֮زʾߵ˵ɣ


22 Կ   ֪طԱߵ۲š
֪طԱߵ۲ȥڵȴͯǡ
һͰշ˵Ƿȱ©ۼȣеĻֱ۸Ͻãϸһûгʲôŷ
ʮţǽߺֱܷߣſհֽԱ֮ãÿҳֽʮУÿдſдʮ֣չ涨Ҫд飬ͬʱýдܷ⣬Υ߳ɼϡ
Ȼǿûпġʱ۽ڰϣڿѲչʾȷÿһԿ
ѿڿհֽϣԷǻ߼ǴĿҲûз岻ϣԼΪһù
Եݲġ徭ġʫʫߡۡʥ͹ѵȣȻûʲô⣬ܳĻɲ١
ǵһҲҪƪʫһסϸһ¿⣬ֻԣĿĲꡣһĿǣνԨԻ֮У֮أΩǺ忴֪̾ڡ
Ŀϸ飬ȷû壬ڹ˼һᣬܿͿʼд⣺ʥв֮ˣٹ߶ʼ΢ʾ֮ҲҪϸ񣬳˱밴չ̶ĸʽҲǰ˹д׼ͿġƽʱͶдע⣬ֱĿҲûһͿĨ޸ĵĺۼ
һĿ˼ĺܿ죬±ʵʱҲ˼Ȫӿûöʱ䣬ǿڶ⣬ΡΡгɹҲ£˴г˶Σԡ̩ȴԭ䣬ǽ̩ǰ½شɣһ͵Ľش⡣
ֽش⣬ҪΪµĿеͱĲˣ·ĿȻŪĿ⣬ǲСƵĿֱŲȥ¿ҲбǷѧԼдģԺֿȱͷȱβĽش⡣
Ŀǽǰһ¾һ´ǡ½ش⡱˼йģΪ棬ǰֹҢ˴ǿϵġֽش⣬ʵе֣еңǸ⣬ָ⣬Ѷȱȥһȡ
ʱ仹Ǻܳ㣬ڿհֽдһ飬Ȼּûз䣬Ҳʥֻôֱָ֣Ң˴ơۡӳơʥˡԼҪرܵʵ۵֡Щˣܳϡ
ƪ¶ҲҪԷʱˣ忴˿ϼʱϡ˿ӲģĬһᣬڣʣµʫдֱӽȻؼҳԷʱ̵á
ʫʫΪɪҪϵĳɣͷǽʫ⣬ȫʫظ֡
ʫ⡰ɪժԡǡСʹɪ⣬ġаһĴ˵Ҳ˴ڲɽ˶ͶˮԾ֮ˮŮڽ߹ɪɪԼİ˼
ʫһ㶼ƫϿʫ뵽ʣʫҪ˼ʱѾɹһ롣ҪдĳҲס
ãʫ˽ҲʫԺܿ͹˼һݣȻУϽдֽϡһôʣ˼֣ȻĬĬ飬ʣƹƺɪŵ顣Ŀ裬Ͳ˲ࡣ
һждúٴμһ鿼ʱȷû󣬲ʩʩȻʰ㽻
һвٶˣʱкܶһƪ¶ûд꣬ڼѾ㽻̬Ҫˡ
û뵽Щֱſ˳ȥʱѲ۵Ǽֲ֣Ͼÿ궼˺ܿ콻ģǱߵ̧֪ͷ
ǰر𣬵ټСһ㣬ЩرˣѾԿĳ࣬߼һ֪ǰһ
ߵ֪ذǰص˹ȥ֪ؽӹͿʼǾ⡰ʥв֮ˣٹ߶ʼ΢ʾ֮ҲơвءơΨʥ˾ʹָӣԡߡԨֱһɶõ䷶ΪԲǺƣ֪ؿһаظĿֽкãȻٿʮ꣬£͸ˡ
ƪش⣬ĿҲƵĲȵʫ֪ؼֱòİоβһ˲ֱ̫࣬ˣһ飬ֶ֪˵ڶ飬Խ⣬ʫνʮ㡣
ֻʱ֪ػڼ࿼Ҳ˵ֻ̫࣬ǿЦ˵ȻڿϻһȦ
忴ΣҲԼǱȡˣֻǵһûҲ֪ԼľҲû¶ϲɫֻƽĳ֪عҾѧȸˡ
֪ؿⲻϲɫı֣ж۾͸ˡȻЩ嶼֪ĬĬĳȥˡ
溣һֱţүϽӭȥֻǾҲҶʣӰүֻ̬ǿſûٶٵݿһ㣬ÿүؼҳԿȷ
صҺ󣬳극鷿ŰƽʱģʽϰδԼһ꣬ܿ͡ҲǷŰ忴ԼžУһдţ֪Լһĵһˡ˵һһĵһʲôĻԵһˣֻɲҷɵ̫磬ĵ׼漸ԡ
ĳҲǾġۻиԼÿ꼸еĬдʥ͹ѵˣ죬ÿμǰġ֪ÿҲһֱеĶҲЩѹҲûӰʲô
嶼ĺ˳Ϊֻԣ忴ѶȲ󡣿֮󣬱ǵȴŰʱˡ
Ȼδ֪֮ǰҲµβ⣬ذͷ϶ǻ䵽ͷϵġ
һʱ֮䣬ܽδҲв˿ʼǰֻ岢δƮƮȻǼֵ͵ʻɣǰĬдӿʱ򣬷Ӹ£ҲŹһĳɼӦûܿǰϾϴ³ʱ͵ˣĥ꣬ʣӹƻҲУֻ϶῿һ㡣
ʶԴûʲôʧģϾԼˮƽġ
ܿ͵˷Űһ졣ոǱߣŷŰһ̡忴ǰӵȺҲȥԼ˸¥ˡ
үˣˣһǰףܿ죬س˹ȥ


23 ذ   ̧ͷ
̧ͷ˹ȥȥֻǿǱΧŵһȦһȦĵˣͣ˽Ų
үˣǰװƽı飬Ϊû˵һ顣
ʱΧĻҲ׷׺سȥҸ̾Ӣ۳ѽ
ܵΧעӵĿ⣬û⣬ʵɿ˸ʺֵΣ
ˣүλͬһλǵʮһλǵ
꣬ȻǺͷӹƵ࣬ŷ
Ȼǻȥɡ֮ǰԣذףûжʶڵЩױһõˣȻ뿴⵽һʲôˣԴǼһֱ˹۲塣һ㲻뱻˵һΧֻۣŸϽȥ
ʱһֱſڵϲֻǻûȵԼˣ͵ȵõۡ
ϲˣү˰ף֪үڣϲһϲɫĶź˵
˵ĿģҼү˰ףЩ
ͷһٶʮģŰʱҿģû
챣ӣүȪ֪Ҳ÷ˡ˵̧Ϊðᡣ
һӣһˡ˵žڼشѺɰֱӽϲۡ
һźɰһЦ˵ˣҲմմذ׵ϲֻߵʱ˵еӣŲܵô죬֮ǰϲ
أΪԼүţûþͿүСˡ
һ͸Ͻܹȥ˷˵ү˵һǰס
ţѾ֪ˡ˵Ϳ˵үȻ˰ףҪҪڸϯףף
ϯͲðˣȿ긮Ժ˵
ţҲУȺ濼۵ʱڸġֻڼȻʲôϯˣҪǼ̵Ŀ⼸һɴۣҲմմϲ
ãһоͷˡҲǳˣҲû˵һаպ˵ˡ
֮ڸĿ˵⼸һɴ۵Ϣ׷ѯԭ򡣶ʱƹϲɫ˵Ҽү˰ףôҲһմմϲ⼸쳣ۣ
Щ˵󣬴˵ϲϲǶմմⰸ׵ϲѽﺢҲڶģ֪Ϣ󣬷׷״źҲԵ㶫ܲմմ׵ԼҺԺ³Ҳøס
ŷǣ̳һذףҲ׷ǵ·ҹϵԼҺҲͽ˽£ŷӿУһӵʣҲ˼
Ǳߣ֪ӿˣǼػְһˮϯЦĺϲ£죬⼸ҲӦʰԼС˲١Ϊǵڶ³ڸ֮ǰɷɣԻؼﱨϢ󣬳һٷʢķ󣬾״򲻶ļϰˡ
ĵȻһ·ݣȥʱ·ʱ䣬ҲֻһµʱˣʱӦץᣬĸϰ
Ϊİ֮кܶӣǲμʲôʫĻᣬȥǸʲôģ˻ʶһס
ȫˣһӶûӦЩＸûʲôãʫĻʲôģЩϵõģȥ˽ҲǷ֮ʱķԸҲգ֪͡Ȼ˳壬оʶ̧٣ǸǱʾ⣬Ҳ׷ʶȤĲӴš
֪ľٶڼѾ˺üʲŷӦϽѧҲڼҿʼŶ飬Ͻϲϼϲ˵Ĳˡ
Ծ·ݣûã͵˳ʱˡڻݸݸϽأе쨣sheءڵͼϿһٹң£ִСʱ͵ˣ·ҹϢҲҪ졣
·ܺķѾһ·۳Ͷ٣ǲһǻӰ쵽Ե״̬ǰ˸ǣҲиϢˮ
Ȼΰ·ĽҰʱʱˣҲΣɻһͬǰȥٴˣ˶·ҲиӦ
֪ȫʰ׼һͬǱĸ֮ҲǴӦ
һ̤ȥǵ·


24 Կʼ   ΪθҪȥ
ΪθҪȥʱǰǰҪһ£θ֮У岢δúͬһȥû˴ֻСһ
ȻûиǱҸ·ԭ򣬲Ȱ˵һӣΪʰһһǰһʱչ˲ү
崩ԽһһγԶţһ·ϣɳʶ·жôߡҰ⣬е·ݲƽʯͷʹӣӲǵߵͷۡʱͲִˮ·а̾ʲôʱܹóˮأ뷨ҲûгãϾڻֻһʮ껹δŹСꡣ
һ·ϳż·õʱܿϿ飬·õʱܿ飬Ҳûǲģһϣʣ˼һ¼䡣
֮ڵ˸ءΪݸĸǣأȷ٣սûãǾͿʮ¥ֵҲǵ̯λǰҲС
ȻѾ˸ǣȻҪҸطס¡ʱȻһѾǰˣǳĿջ󲿷ϷȴסϾرسǵĿ⣬سǵĿҪˣʱҲֻʣһЩһķˡ
վڿջջƹĻеԥջƹҲǣÿʱ󷿼䶼ǹӦġ
ʱһԺӰɣƽ̯ȿջҲ˶٣һҲһЩջӰϢ
ĸˣһǰͶ³סڿջȷϢ̫ãʱ飬ҲͷͬˣΪ˶ӣҧҧóӵġʱҲͬϾһĻҲ
ǰΪҲθǣ˿ջܿҵǰæȥѰһԺӡԺӲ󣬵סҲ´ˣһ£ҲֻҪһǮƽ̯һ£һҲֻҪǮӡ
ֻȻջֳɵˮͷˣЩҪԼˮС˿԰æͲˡǴȥ˰æӶһ˵߰æģĸһ·Ƕҵ·ҲչһҲ٣ǵʱҪҲˣʱҪȥæǾҪĻҲʡȥǮˡ
룬ҲҲͬˣԺӵǮǾûĸһƽ̯ˡĸһʼҲͬ⣬ռˣȥ͸˵ӱأǻԼռ˱˵ɰĸ˵ˡ
Ϊǰʱ븮Իʱ䣬ʱ䣬ҲδȥһֱԺ㣬ܿ͵˿һ졣
֪֣ܹġֱ𿼵ǼСºʱһ¼ȡʮΪȡ
Խĸϸ񣬳˿׼֤⣬һɲ׼룬īֽЩɿṩҿñӲ׼˫㣬Ҳֻõ㣬ԴĿĿʽҲȷƣԴˮĴСй涨ΪͷֻҪһ죬Ҫ죬ԿҲṩҹޱޱͲҹάˡ
οɲҪÿԣԵĿԵصǹԺκһ賿ʱҾѾΧڹԺſڣȴſ£ҲٴںеˣҲйԾˣҲ쳣š
îʱһ̣ң컹δ͸ԺĴڴ򿪡ʱǵŵһ㣬˶Ժÿᣬŷſһ볡Ѽ졣
ѼԸϣѾ£·ʱô䣬ѼʱѺǶ÷
ոձѼ꣬ݵʱ򣬺ȻһȻЬ׼дСȥɴ˴
ȥʱֻһʮĿɢͷֻһ¾ͱۺĵ˳ȥһ߱Ŵ󺰵ҰɣҲˣҲˣҰɡ
һʱ֮䣬ҶǱˡܳԽߵĳʹһ򶼺أҲǼʾڣһҪνǰ;٣ƾˡ
Ҳ벻ףȻѾͨԵ˸ˣ㿼ҲΪʲôҪðž޴ȥôһأֻˣҲȥոշˣſ볡ҵԼĺᡣ
ԣǺᣬһһӣڿ
խķǽڣһŲġԱһͭС壬Եʱ޻򽻾ֻҪҡС壬˹
ȥ֮ϸһ£һŰűīֽ⣬һŰ쵱ҹ䵱ļª壬ϻһޱں֮󣬼ûлһµأʮֱơã屾ûԻģ󣬾һײմһˮˮһ顣
һ׼úͱĿ񣬵ȴŷһٶѲۿ˺üۣҲûѲȥˡ
ûһᣬ۾ϸˣӹݽģϸϢ󣬾Ϳʼ⡣
һҲִ⣬ľǼСȻ򵥣ȴ٣һвƫŵġƽʱһµĹ٣ſһ󣬱ˡ
ʱҲʼҪдˡǵëմմī֭ʱëͷͻȻ֮ӱʸ䣬һӾ͵̨֮С
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25    ṩıīֽ⡭
ṩıīֽһ㶼ͳһ, ƷȻ˵ϺõģôҲ̫Ρû뵽ԼھȻëͷôС¡
ͬʱҲЩңٲڴʱͻȻ, Ļ, ϶ᱻī֭Ⱦۼ, һžҲͻˡҴܳҲй涨ϽĿī֭ۼ, ͲĻᱻΪ, ³볡ʱǸϳȥ˺òȥҿƾٿԹи, Ҳǲܵ, ˭̯£ҲҪϵùٿˡ
һ, ֪˵Լûˣ̾һҡͭС壬Ҫһ֧ëʡ
Сһ, ΧѲߵѭѸ˹ĺ, ѯʲô¡ǰ, ۵ҵ֧ëʻ, 鷳ٸһ֧, лˣ
ۿ˿, ȷëǻ, Ȼŵ, ȵһ¡˵Ѹٵȥ֪ˣһκ֪ͬ, ׼һ֧ëʽ֪󣬲һָ֪ɵ۵ļ֮£ë˽ȥȻҲΪ˷ֹеĿ¸Ѳۣס
õëʺϸؼһֽдһֺ󣬲ŷĵĴãñȽΣ±ʵʱ򼸺ǲ˼ؾӦ˴𰸣ȻһʼһЩʱ䣬ɵʱʱҲ硣
һȻҡС壬׼һ죬ۣȰѿһרõϻȻ˰ϵıīֽ⣬ЩŪ֮󣬲ŷ뿪
һѶȲ彻֮ǰѾвҲѽˣֻ岢δ⣬ϾҪġ
ڶģĿйоصģ֮ǰҲһ⣬ȻĿⳡͬ˼Ҳࡣ˼һᣬｫƪ˸ģֽдڿׯصķΧӰԵʣдʱȻбŷԭеĻɾģûжãһƪ¾д˳
忴˺ü飬޸һЩ֣ذܳϡܳɺҡ彻ʱ򣬿ʱδ롣ҡ彻֮߳ʱ֮ʱвĿķҡʱǵ²һͷѾ˽ˣǲ˼⵽򵥻ǸȥĿʵ̫ߡ
ſƵĳȥˣЩץӸΣð
ȥ󣬵磬ʺҲˡʼԺ¿飬ǰʵ壬Ǹʱ仹ûͽɣҲ˵ģټһ·λͲǲ塣
ţӦҰɡΪεǰƵģԾдĿһ㡱岻ȷ˵šȻ˵ǰƪеƵĿ
ƪʱ˵ҪģȻҾûҪ֪ˣҾˡʰյš
ɣɴҵʱ˽ɷĹˣֻڿ뵽˸õģһ飬Щʱ䣬ԳЩ
꣬Щǵ˵ԺҲ͵ˣֻǲ֪ܹܲ
״οҲֻǵڶ滹һأȻȥºúٿר׼һ֪ôأҪɥ
ˣҲ׹ˣɶ˵һ´ܽʼ
ٶҲЦ
ǿۣ죬ҲǰһŶӳһţԴȥѼʱŪϡ˻뵽ڿ֮ǰԵıȥ𣿵⣬ΪԹпܻ롰ޡ
ڿƾٿ޵ģĽһСͰרС⣬Ҫ⣬㲻ˣΪĹлɢζӰʱʵ̲סôҪҡС壬Ѳۣ֮Ҫ࿼٣ڼۺһλٵļ֮ȥޣ֮ܽſ
ЩϿԻǰչ涨ٻڳȥ޵ĿϸһӡȻٽǣҲϷΪʺӡľҲһײĵĹ涨׳ǱָкӡľӣۿжãľʱҲ濴Ϊһٻ鷳ӡ󲻺ãÿӿԣûǰ׼һⳡǷˡ
£岻Ҫڿǰעʳǰųۻ࣬һҪעȥʳﲻܶд̼ӣ˼ǰһЩȥԣһҹڸҲ仯̫Ҳȡ
һպ󣬵ˡ
һֻĿһΪƽԶ϶ˣ޼ᷥԶ϶뻸רιٶԣר֮ܣͬ죬Ҳŵ˼ǽ˾϶ͳһ£ǰ޼ȴˮ֮սʧ뻸ùٶưԣ֮ң˼һķĽȴͬΪʲôأ
һ˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥡˵򵥵˼Ŀ⣬ܵ˵һ˼˵һרȨϵӡ˵ѵԭǴ漰廳ɣγԵʥϹ׸¡ϡʱֵע˼ȻһǷԵ׸ΪģȻͲһĿ
ȻЩԸдʲôñܿʲôҲʱһЩ㣬ֻǸҪúù˼һᡣһ⣬ʱһ٣ֽϲݲдһЩɾȥһЩԳ۹еĻȻڿʡ
һ仰д֮忴˿죬ѾЩˣٹһʱžҪˣʱĶҲѶˡóЩĸ㣬ˮһЩֻǵʰʱͻȻŵһɳζӦ󣬸Ͻסڱǡ
ʱΧҲһԹùһζɢˣҲҪܲˡ£һûпٱҲһһֻ۱һֻۡʱĺҡһҡǸԴʵΪʲôڼǰ׼أֻоһֱֲ˵ζ
屾ֱ˯ģڳû˼Ҳ˲ˣ°˺һ鲼ȻΧסڱǣϵԴϣ廹룬ⳡȥҪҪȥһݣȥȥ
Ū꣬Ҳ˯ˣʼһĿһЩĿ ߣŽһ֮䣬ԴҲһνһν죣ҹ֮˾߱ڹٳӡۺαввر䡣ϲ֪˴Ҳ


26 ȥ   Ŀ漰Ƿȥȡ
Ŀ漰Ƿȥȡ, ￼Ҫ˼ǾɷγϮжϣˮ׼, Ϊ, Ҳֱ˵Ŀǳʲߡû뵽ڸ֮лѶȵĿȻǴĳ, Ҳ״һڿӱ
˼Ҫȷ, һ, һ뵽, ˼·Ҳ, ʱѾҹеı, д̫ĻдҲ˼, ߼ͨ
խҲ, С, б°ȥҲ, һ, ǾҪعһҹˡ
ڶ, Ǳһ쾪ѵ, ԴӦþĳᡣ֮, ·һ߶ˮеˮϴڣһĶ
˰, ۵ֻƬ֮У˷ʲôԭһˮʱһʱʧ֣ˮˤ˵ϣһŪʪˡʱ򣬻ԼһĿ֮һ䣺ྲʱԼĿҲʧˡ
һͬǸһ߿˿еˮСظŵԱߣȻֺɣŸҿԼĿ
Ѿ˴ŵ˼·ˣʣµʱ㣬ֽĲдһ飬޹ŽΩʱ֮ˣ֮Ωʵǣͱطαѣ˼ִΪӰյĽǶȳȻзõɷãһЩȽʵڵȵȡ
дŷëʣ˦˦Ȼֽֽϵī֭ɣͨ˼飬֮һʱ޸һ飬֮ŽܳϡܳĹУҲѾ˿ʼҡ彻ˣǲŲæԼĽ࣬һһֵܳšԵʱûר¼˵һʺĳ̶ֳҲһӷ
׼ʱѾ磬ȥԺ󣬸պɣһ·Ͼһ˫˫̾ѡ
Ե⼸죬²СȾϷ纮һֱûԡǼССĺôʱ䣬оԼҪˣڿˣĵһ¾СˮȻúһݣ滺һ¡
ϴ裬ڵԼëĽͷȻһŲ̧ͷһʡ
壬Ҫ͵ȥ⸮ǵɽϵ쨣sheȥһݣ˼˵ʢԸģǻһøΡɽڿһɫҲҪҪҲһȥѽ
һθĸ飬ҲĶˣȻǼᶨߣҲȥһݣҪȥȥҲҪο
УҺһȥɽϵһݡص
ǱߣȻҲûǣҲȥһ顣ţһҲԶţΨξϴκԣϴʱȵŰҲͻȥˣô˵ҲҪȰȥɽϵһ䣬ʵĻҲʾͬ⡣
գһؾͳˡɽסĵط̫ԶŰʱ͵ˡδ߽ɿɽǼȺŸ̯
ɽУһֻΪ˵һݣкܴһ˶ΪɽһġһĻڱͶ̣ǰǰһҲʮѣֵڣɽϵ˱˲١
ɽ󣬲ķɣȻΧŲˣǿʮֵ¡ɽϵһʮ֣ȥĿЩƬһҲŲ±ġɽ䣬ûһᣬϾһ
ؿû־ɫǱߵɽֵҲǳһг壬Ҳ𺳵ˣһֱƵĿƬһҪȥ¶ˡ
ִʱ׷׶óֻ°ɣƱҪԼⷽĺӰϧڹŴֻܼǵȥֻж࿴ۣܲź
Ҳпʱ򣬵磬ڵɽϵ쨣she¡ɽ£ҲЩܴ󣬿Ǻӵ
ſԼһʱȥһ˺ܿȺзɢˣȥһ䡣˸ŵСһЩǮԼȥϼǵûȥУȻһ˽С
˴֮а˰ݣ׵ļ񣬽˫ϥ飬ûһʶģҲúׯϡ֮˳һͦͨģҪĲѡӹͰϴŵĺɰ˳ȥˡ
λ̴ԽˣҲ磬ҪҪ᷿һߵիһλؾɮ۵Сʦ˹ʵ
ʱҲеǾ͸Сʦ˺᷿׼һի
᷿ȻҲвٳիˣǰĴҪ٣Ժ滹һӣ·ϳ˼ôԼм˺ϱôֵӣһЩͰľ߳իҲˬիҲȷֻҪǮȻЩǮҲᱻȥɷ£ɮǲԴơ
᷿һС·ߣڹսһǩͲɮˣ壬ǰС̴ԽԵҪǩ
屾˵ԭ򣬷ҲˣիҲˣҲٳǩˡ֣ǩͲһǩ
ɷǱɣˣָտɳ£·ϲơ忴֮һ֪⣬ݸǸɮˡ


27 Ϸ   òĸڡ
òĸһһ, ȻȥǱҲܸǸϲ
Уȥ˵һ
ͺɽȥɽߵ̯ǹ˹, һȦ, ܿͰˡĽ£һ֬, һһƿߵ, Щ, ·ﻹǿԵġ
궫, ֮ǰ׬ǮͲʣ, ĵͦġʱͺһ𣬵Ǳȥĸһȥǡ
ȥʱ, 巢һҲѾˣټʱҲˣǾһȥˡ
·, һ¥ǰڶС˵еĴԽʿһ, һŮḸľϷ롣ֻڲֻʮ, ḸϷе, ֻ·һͨĳԹȺ, ʮĽꡣ
¥ǰΧ, ʼ״, Ϊ˴, һΧȥϷҲԴŲ³򣬵ǱţҲֻܸŹȥˡ
·ת, Ҳ˾ԭС˵ԼϪʿƶ࣬ǰ͵ǨӵˣֻǼǰزеӶȥҩˣǵȥˣڼǮᣬֻḸȻǸźɫµ꿴ֻͻȻðһµ꣬ǸĻ죬ִ
λӣҪΪū˺λӣлĺˣֻѴӦλӣֻܶԲסˡǸŮӶµ˵
ΪʲôҸЩȥҲ㣬ͻ겻ʡ
л⣬ūֻܹˡ˵͵ͷ˵
㶼˰ɣԸҵġǸЦ˵
Ҳ޻˵ֻܷ߷߳Ⱥȥ뿪
壬ΪʲôǸŮӷҪǸ˴·ˣҲԸҪǸµأʿ˵
̾̾һС˵Թ۲һŮ¶ֺͲӣʮְϸ壬ҼҵҲ˲ŮҲŮһҾƶ࣬϶ٶһЩ覴ãɫҲ΢һ㣬ǰŮǡǡ෴ЬҲǱȽµģȻͷϻһ֧ʽ򵥣ĵ̵Ļȴʮϸ£Ҳȥһײˡ㿴ָף滹дһЩޢĺۼӦȾãһزҩŮӻ˼ȾָҲǹݳġ
ʸҪ˵ͻȻðǸ꣬˵ո˵𣿡
תͷȥ˵ҲԼ۲һ¡û뵽ôԵȻû˿
Ņ̀ͷȥֹȻ˵ոôָأҾͲǱ߷ɵƵĸǸء
û£ǸµĹˣǸҲͼʱҲʳ֪Ǹµûһأֻ˳ˮ۶ѡ
һ˵ȻҾͲ׷ȥ˵ˡˣҽгʲôʶһ¡
ҽ塣
ǺãҲҪȥˣҼҾģҿӦòǱصģԺʲôҲңǾ͵ˡ˵ͱԼҵĵַ
ûоܾȺҲɢˡټɫҲҪˣһҲûټһȥˡ
Ϊ˽һɽҲЩˣȥ֮Ϣˣ֮죬ҲһֱûгȥרڼҵȴŷŰһ졣
ʱĹԺڣ һλһݾ˵޹ŽΩʱ֮ˣ֮⻰˵ĺá
䣺׶ɣʵҪ㣬һϵʵ֮ոտô̸ֻ֪ڱºõ֪ȥ
ҿһλٰݿ˹ȥ
꣬޵ӵΪף
еĿһ飬ʱ򣬿ݾӵĿٽĿʱȻζоÿһݿȱ˵ʲô
ЩڹԺ£Ȼǲ֪ˣרĵȴŰһأ
֮󣬷Ű죬пǴϾڹԺſڣĽҲڹԺſڵŷŰһ̡
ѽ屻˴Ӻһ¼


28 ֪   ͷһͼϡ
ͷһ, ͼϴξ¥ǰʶǸ
ҲǽμӸԵĿЦ˵
ţҲǰɣ
ǵģҵڶ, ϴβμӵʱ˷纮, û˹ȥֻýˡе㲻˼˵
, 뵽ԼԺҲҪѶճ, ϾҲܿ϶Լ㹻, һԺԻϰȥ, Ҫǰȥ, 꺮ǰ׷ˣǰ֮Ҳǲ١
ٵЩ, Գ˵ǾףοԵóԸˡ
ҲԼӦϰֻ˵áֻ⻰ǫˡʵǾԼο϶õһǰ, ֮ǰԱصİףøһЩγĿǰ, оһλٵĳ, ûġȻ, ҲŻڴ˳ٵһ׵, Ÿ׸Ļ, سǶԻ, ҪС˱ˡ
, һλãһŰʱ϶һʱԿǱߵȺ֡
, Ҿ͹ȥˡֵ
ԼͯȥˣԼȥȺмԾ͵УȥɣҾߵˡ
嵽ǱߣһȴŷŰȻܿ죬ɾЩ˹ˣոµˡ
£ŰʱءȻλñȽϺã˼˵ģҲеûϴȥҸ¥ˡ
㿴ǱǸ١ʶǱһСΧм˵
ֻǼ򵥵һûȥע⡣ǰȻЩìܣԴԿ꣬ûڼˣڶûʲôд
Ҹ˵ϴԣǵʮһˡʱЦأ֮Ű֮Ͳǰˣȥһ١һ뵽͸оһˬ
Դ˲÷ûж˵ʲôȻͺܿ˺Űˣ
ǹʱȺԶóһ·Ȼֽۺ棬õ񵥣Եһʱļǰȥ
۵ĵĶܿ죬ûһᣬ񵥾ɣŵȺ˲һӵϣǺܿͱ˺ȥ
ܿ˷ܵĺ˳
Ҳˣ
˸ԼڿУȻҲ˱Ŀ߳Ⱥֻٿˡ
ʱȻ˵һְƺŵģ˭ʶ𣿡ΪдĶǿġšһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪׵˭Χ˶ڴϾ򵥵˵ҲǶ֣ôҲ֪ӮǵǸ˭ɣ
ϲˡ֮
Ҳһϲ֪ԼηӵĲ ϶õһΣֻûСˣϾܳȱͯżѧԨԴĿǲʤö٣߾һ㸻СطķҲȲϽǱʢ϶֮ˡ
ǣȻԼҲûʮֵİտٴõһףڱΪҲ֮ϲˡ
ʱȻһ۹˵ڣ֪Ҫ㡣
壿˭ѽΧڰǰĿǷ׷˽
¾ǣ֪˿Сʲô£վ˵
ۼվһʮ꣬һȣȻּ˵Ҳ֪ȸȥ˰ɣȥҲ֪ˡ
תͷʻ˵һ͸ˡţԼ˰ף֪˽ȥҲΪд£Ȼʵ벻ʲôɡ
һߣȺ˲ը˹
ɵ᲻ʲô£Բű֪˽˹ȥ˱˵ǲףȨû˵ڡ
˷϶ǣǷʲô£϶ˣôܺȥ֪أ
ʱΪ˲ôҼҲ²ȥǰ˵ҵѣҲεİף֪ӦǳͣŰйȥġ
һոձߵǴ˴εİףʱҲˣҲ˵Ĺȥˣֻһ뵽˼Ҳʮ꣬Ͳɵظ̾ôˣȻһʮСѹȥӢ۳ꡣ
֮ǰڲԶվŵȻҲһĻ˵֪ԭεİ׾ʶõ塣ܿ죬Ҳ֪ͯԼΣڶʱ˵ʧҲǼٵģǺܿ͵飬վԼˣҺ滹һԺԣǲҪģ뵽⣬ֳ˶ֻŸϽȥܶ飬һԺ֮һٶ
Ǳߣ߹հ˹֮һǰ
ǰ˵ˣ嵽ˡ
ܿ촫һЩͳֱӽɡ
꣬ǰƿţȻ˽ȥ
ȥֻ֮ǰһɫٷӣ֪ӦôľƷˣٷϻһɫȦһĶˣ񱻹̶סһ䣬崩Խ֮ǰϷŲ࣬ٷϾǳ͢ģƽĲ£ȻҲǿЩ󣬵ǱߣѾֳһֲŭơӦþҪ֪ˡ
ǰѧݼ֪ˡ
ţɣ¡½֪ӻ˵ոռǸʮСҲе⣬ҲֻͯЩ棬ѧССͱд˾޵¡Ͼ˵ıˣЩݣûдġ
嵽һлȻȥ¡
֪ҽʲôģ
ѧ֪幧
Ҽ㿼дƪ£ᣬޱر䣺޹ŽΩʱ֮ˣ֮˵ʵںãֻǱٲףһСС꣬δӴд˰дأǼڳ٣ĿȾ֮µأ
ִᣬ쵼Ĵα治ἰգΪģΪ񣬡ǴСȻȻľдˣֻ϶ô˵һ£ѧвδڳ٣ֻѧĸ˫òڶ֮࣬ҵΪѧҲһЩ軧еײһЩմۼļףɴ˸д
Щ½֪øиһ¥Ժǵ볯Ϊ٣һ֮ģ츣һա
½ֶ֪һУԶԴ˼ݣνӢˡ
̾һȥ䣬˼ݸ⼸ˣȥҪжȴҪڴˣЩǸοдĻҪԼ
ӹ󣬷ֱǣƳīˡĶնġдϲλ½֪ʮָм⼸νĿƾٲο飬ִž͵ڡ߿ģ⡷ˣȫ⣬ǮҲҲ·ȥǸ롣
лˣм˵
ţڴԺø


29 ·   ½֪
½֪, ҲЩǴӽԺٴ°ףǱСԪˣҲһμѻ
岻֪½֪, ҲԸ֪ܵԼ, ҲܿºڣƶԼ´λõ, ǱѧȥŬ
û½֪û, ͷȥˡ
ȥʱ, 巢ʻɻ, ʱǰȻտʼôӵ, ҲŲˣʱһ, ׷תͷ˹
Щ˵Ŀû⣬ĿбӵľֱǱ˹ȥ
֪ȥ£ʵ
Ҳûʲô£˼ڿ, ȻֿУһ£֮Ҽ, һˡԵ˵һ¡
Ȼ, ŵ, ˵⼸鶼ͦõ, ȥ֮ҪҪһݡ˵ͰеݸǶ˿һ¡
½֪͵⼸Сسеѧ˵, ν, ½ԻǵԵͷ, ĥ͸£·
ʺҲ֪彫⼸ǳȥһ˺ܴ飬ʮָм, ոտʱ鶼ɢˡ
ΪԺǰ·ݵʱ򿪿ٽסҲ㣬ҪأµʱԺԡ
θԣ˵ڶʮʮһˣùˣԺҲͯˡ
֪Լֲ㣬ֻ㹻ڷܣ༸صĿҲˣεαϴ³ʱҲߣҲһֱ黳ˣ׼ԺԾˡʣһ;ԼҪˣһʼû뵽ԼξȻˣȻǵβҲȿǿ
ȥ֮󣬼ʰöܿͷˡ·ʱߵһ룬ʱ·һοΪ˴꣬ٻأȥһ·˵ָ£һС·Ȼ·ҲеĹȥ
ֻС·ʵǹڵųῴ鶼ɣֻܱĿ˯
~ͻȻͣ˲侪ѣ۾ʶطסᣬס塣
үǰиũǳǰˡǰݳȿӶ˵
֮󣬸ϽҪȥŵļǰͣˣ֪ʲôҲ׷ˡ
ȥͿһũ˵ϣϵ·ѾõĲӣϵЬҲһֻŵȫǸֻ˺Ѫ
Ϊϴξ¥ǰǸٵḸϷ󣬶ǰڵϵĸһʱҲжϣǺϴǸһݳģյʵ𣿡
忴һᣬӦģʲôѡȥǸ˷ʱǸũתѣܼѵ̧ͷ
˸տʼʱЩɪΪǴ׷˳΢̧ͷһǰӰŲˣ̧ͷֳŵֱϰ
ʱŷ֣ȻۣǿҲǺܴ󣬹ҲʮңͬʱҲũ¶ϵ˺ۡ
˼Χ˺Ѹٹ˵λӣүǾȾҰɣһȥūҲУϴᣬҲιιݣҺһڿģֻҪһڷԾУˡ˵Ϳʼͷ
ʱվǰϽסĶ˵ÿͷϽ˵һ˵
ϸɵƤѪȥҸӵ˱ˮݸˡ˼ˮȻܼæסĵлȻеİˮͷ˽ȥ
꣬˼ѱԼŪıӵ˻ȥſʼԼ顣
⸾˵Լ󣬴ҶˣҲɵͬ⸾ˣĸǲסӲᡣ
ԭ⸾˽д޻һţմһ˼֮ǰּĵʱһ׻ϱŶʮֻ꣬޽ţ֮֮ʮ챻ţһʹɷûҲմҲ¹ŮֻǸճûͱˣʹγҲûа취ȥʲô
ֻĻǻţֻϸʱ˾ɽʱˤˣɷ󣬼û˶ֻܴڼɻӶûУ֮žͳﻮŰһʮϱôչӸΨһжҲСȢϱ
޻֪ǸȾƴˣǰļϱǽûһʬͱ̧ģÿζǳܸ߲ȢһϱһеԵ˼ҶŮ޹ȥǴ޻ΪǶʮӲǰҪ޹ȥ
Ҳǲӣֻ֮Ӷ˺ü٣֮͵Ǹ޻ձ͹ȥһ죬ͱһ٣˲£޻ܲˣ֪Լȥᱻ֮һҹ͵ӣ˳Ҳ֪Լܵˣֻ֪εͼǡ
꣬г˶һһߣĶ⸾˵ͬ顣ŴŮͱѡȨ˸˼ҿܻŮʶ֣ͨռͥǼǾ޿ܵġǻͶȥѧһգǶŮֻҪڼɻ廨ϴ¡Ůʹ˼ңȥҲѹһ棬һ˰գһд޻ĸǶԽ⣬̡̫
뵽⣬ͻȻԺһ뷨


30 뷨   崩Խ֮ǰ֪
崩Խ֮ǰ֪ʷ, ҵ˸ıǵʽòһܴãı˴ͳɫλΪҵṩ㹻ĸλ, Ů߳ͥĻᡣڻһݹʱ, һԼľ룬˾ϵĶҲ㹻ĵ, ڼͥӵ˻ȨӶ˼ͥλ
֮ܶ, Ůӵĵλ, ȾҪʹ߳ͥ, ӵо롣ֻһССͯ, ̫ԸıĶĿǰûóȻҲܿһҵ, ܶΪŮṩλ̻һ֮
ȻѾȻֻŮĵطҪŮӽ, ֻܸŮṩᣬҪִֹ
Ŀǰļ̶ԳʳΪ, Ȼ, ҲӦĹȻ㿪, ƱؾҪģ, һ, Ȼô, ʱҪл漰ʳƷα, ЩҪһһȥӳ顣
Ȼô࣬ҲûкķѶʱ, ڱ˿ֻǻΪŮӸ̾˼лع˵ҲǿǲһѵĻҲˣҼǡиȱ֣ȻȥʱǱǮҲԼ
ˣҲǰ˵ҲʶˣȰѻŪá
Ǹ˴޻ˣɵһֱס˵лүлү
վŵĸǰŴ޻:⻹лϴѣȸҵﻻһ¡
޻һмĸĸȥ˳ﻻѣ֮ȥһȥ޻ӹ̻ʵĳˡ˺üˣһ··ֻӳʱӣѶĲС
ȥ·ϣ޻ɻǻԼȥһ·ϣǣ޻˲Ƕ㵽ȵģΪζеطǰˡ
֮ڵأ֮Ҳʹ˷ֿظҡʱҲ˰ɫҲЩˣصҺ󣬾úȥѸ˴޻
ûзԣܿ˰Ѵ޻ȥұԼүοôոպͺ޻¾͸ϽԷȥԡˣ⼸ҲùǺ
ûüүԾ͸ϽסҪȥѯЩ¡
ܼȻ֪޲𣬲ߺү˰ףŰʱү֪ټһ˼ȫһ˵˳
һʱ¶ϲɫǱ֪ټˣû˸֪أҪүʢˡ
뵽⣬óһӲ˲ᣬ룬үҪǻûȥڳŸͺˣĻ϶ܼүϢģܿԺүǿƺνأϧүȥˣ
һᣬƽ󣬾͸æȥү׼Ⱥķˣүһγȥôʱ䣬ҲûȥޣʳϿ϶ȲüڼȻˣɵүԵõġ
ʱѾЩˡڵˮͷò˲Ȼóһͷ򵥵һ£ͳȥ÷ˡ
ѾһûмԼүˣ÷ʱ򣬺һֱûߣԱšʱ·Ͼ˺ܶڿ칤£ѾЩ˼ˡеΪʱŮЩʲô
ϣź鷿˵һԼ뷨
ֳصһ󣬻¶ģҪ칤רֻŮӸˣҲûиеףϾ֮ǰȻӾ
ֻǺǵνĹɲȻӻǼһСС־ˣһСĹҪѡַأҪаֽ滹һЩү˵ĸ֡Ҫð죬»Ҫ֪شкǸӣûʱҲ㲻
ʶԼүȥ£ֻǾûвĸ¾ҪԺˣүĶҪģںķʱЩʵЩֵãԵԺԹָЩһ鶼ûԼүҪ
ǺͿʼȰ˵ԼүĸºŪЩ
Ȼ֪вĸ¾ҪԺˣֻãʱȫԳһЩʱȥЩ飬ռ̫ѧϰʱ䣬ԼҲǿ԰ѿغеĶȵģеĺܶ£Ҳȫ
ǾͺͺЩ˵˲ٶһֱ֧Լүκµģڼ˵ˣҲֻͬˡֻǰţʱԼһöЩ˼üЩүѹķ̫ʱӰ˶顣
ү֪ش˸ոǲ˶ͻȻ˵


31 ̸   Ͷ˻𣿡塭
Ͷ˻𣿡תʵ
, Ұ˴ˡ
꣬ѣ׼ȥǰ֪ɹˡ
ʱ, ںȲ, ̧ͷһ˹æվ˵ϲ, Ժֵðˡش͵Ķһ̨һ֧ëʻм˿ƾʱõ, д˲ٶϣЩܶЩô
л֪ش˵ĺ, ѧмȥת, ѧʱȥŰݷõ, ҲͷϹһˡ
鷳鷳, ⻰һûµĵĻС˾ˡ幰˵
, ߡ˵Ӻɰóһ, ֵҲ鷳һ, ȥԵưɡ
Ҳûƴ, ӹ˵ǾͶл, ҾȻˡ
˳ȥ, ȻĶ
̨ëʶǶõ, ָв, Ҳ̫⣬֮ܿ͸ˣǼ, 巭֮ȴʮֵ⡣治ĵãдһЩӦԵļɺĵע㣬ʮϸĲ֪̾صġ
ȻҲܴŲ³ôԭ֪Ϊһ֮Ҳп˵ģһǽ̻һֱӵĺ׼֮Ужйϵʿӣ˵ÿһž֪ﶼÿְ֪ڼ䣬žҲǶչ˵ġ
ȻֻԸԣԺԻûпŶǣͲסѾףԺ֮зӺٴһԺ԰׵ĻСԪˣ֪˵ɲǽ̻йһʱ򿼺˵ʱһʣҲһСʱ֪˲⼸Ҳһ˼һ
ǲô˵֪ضǳмŰݷһ֪أͬʱҲ֪˵һ쳧£ΪҲСҲҪ֪رһµĵģҲǳ˺ð£֪ȻֻƷ٣⣬֪Ҳһĸ٣˵ǡȨ̸һ£Ժ쳧֪صշ෽᷽㲻٣ʡ鷳
⣬ú׼ЩƷȥݷ֪صʱϡ
գԼҾˣϴ緹ȶʱ飬ЩʼǣȻʰһ£׼ȥá
Ͼ֪ǹ٣ƷҲûʲôصĶһͨĲҶһƿׯѾƣҲֵʲôǮȻĻܾͻᴫ¸֮עһΪá
ȥǱߡ֮ȵţԼһŶ˹ȥ
ſڣڵֵۣûеѯǰ鷳æȥشһ˵ѧǰݷá
ֵУһ˻ǵ֮ǰ԰ףһȥұأһô˵ǰȵţϾ;ȥһͻ
л͵õһߵˡ۶Ҳܿ죬ûһͳˡ߽˵Ѿˣ֪شȥ˵꣬ȥشˡ
ȥ֮۴ƹǰĴãҲ󰸵ĵطԱߵȥϣһ顰顱Ľҡ
һȥͼǱ֪ءҲϴԵʱ򣬵һμ֪ء
еƷ֪Աߵۺ󣬾͹֪񣬿еѧ壬شˡ
֪ضѾ׵Сǿݣһˡ
ºٴл֪أȻ˵մȥĶѧϲرǼ飬ѧдĶҲǳ
ЩͺãЩǱٵƾʱܽľ̸֮ҲһЩʱٴضһЩ򡣡֪źЦ˵
ѧ˴ǰ˸лĺ֮⣬һʹ
ʲô£˵˵
ģǰѧڻ·һˣͰǸ˵˵һͨ
ȻֵΪ˵ѧ֮ģˣ︮ܳжٸŮӡ
֪Ҳͷֻϸ˵Ȼ˾ߣеݣŮżҲδΪܳɷвûع涨ԳƷǴһ⣬Ҳûͷǵİ취ҲʵΡ
ѧܸıЩŮӵĴֻǾãЩŮӿи׬ǮĻᣬǮżҲǡһŮӿԳϹ׬ǮһͥҲͶյˮƽҲߡ
֪⣬ȻҲЩ뵽سҲûĸطոŮӵģЩŮӺЩӻһɻҲʵе㲻ӡ忪ǼȻҲţ治ֻŮҲֻӴŮӡ⣬ûдϣʾ˵ȥ뿴嵽Ҫʲô⡣
ȻҪЩŮӳǾͿ϶ṩᣬѧ㿪칤ȻʱҲֻܰﵽߵһЩŮӣǲЩǾܡ
֪Щɻ
һģĵطĿǰѧһЩʳЩͬľơʳĿǰƳЩģ־ƾѾƺ͸߶İ׾ƣǻʱľƷʺϲ١
Ȼż˵ʱֻЩŮӣһǾ˳Ļᡣҹ֮ʱˣҲܴسǵķչṩ˰գȻ仰û˵
ҵŮӹԺ󣬿ĻῪֻӵĹ
֪꣬ɵ޵ӢţСС;뵽Щ㾡ȥɣʲôѾңĪҪŲڣҲĴˣҲûɲ֧֡ҳ֮⣬˵չõĻص˰ձܸ߳һأյҲŲСĸƣЩĿҲһҲһٶá
֪Ҳѵֻǻвĸ¾ҪԺˣҲĪҪΪ̫и˶顣
лѣѧעġص
ҲѾ˵ˣҲ֪˸ǡ
ȥ֮ͽ鷿ʼͼ㰴ִĹṹƣͬʱҲ汸һЩ¥ԸŮṩһʱס
һ磬Ż˼ŴŵͼʱʣµҪĵľͺˣΪŴٶȿɺִûñȣ˵ҪĹˣƵԺԿ꣬⹤ҲꡣʣµЩ豸ĸֻҪżʱĥһ£Ҳü
ڵͼɵʱͻȻóȥҺͳʳصĶԿ϶һóȥضڴܳң


32        뵽ľ͡
뵽ľǷ;ӡ
ڴܳİƽĶձ, ôֱʹãȻҲһ㶼ͨõġ
Ǯĸ˼ңõ趹趹ǽپ, Ȼټ붹ۺƳɡֶֻ޷ȡ, ֻмĵĸ˼Լϲõ𡣶ϻһֽšĶ쵷ú滹иϻ϶ɵ, 趹ļǮǱһЩһЩò趹˼ҾͿԿһֻļ۸ͨȴ
ΪһѧѧҾʵҵ, ڸֻѧӦ, ˵Ƿǳ򵥵, 漰ķӦҲ̫, ҪľӦˡȷ󣬻Խһݸ˼ҵ, ɸΪϸһǵײͨջϲĸ˼ңΪеȺ, ǳɹۡұʳҲҪȥǱ, ʮʡ¡
ھ, Ҳ̫鷳, һо, ҲŴҵʺϵĻѧ, ȥ֮ʹĶˡڵľӶͭ, ִľӵЧû, Ҫҽ׹⣬ʮ鷳ǵ彫ִľƳгضø˻Сӵ׷
뵽, ڿҪɹɵͼָ˸ģһʳĵطԺ׼쾵Ӻͷ
ЩŪ֮ˣѾɵƸٽŪЩ֮Ҳûֱϴ˯ǰǰƶʱ䰲żƻ
ڿľ֮ǰ½֪ġնġʻȥˣջߺվͿɳ
ò˵õԻԵͷˣʵû˵һƪ״Ԫ֮вڶʮֽû¾ظģ˼ҲŵݽԡƽʱЩҲһоԺе˼֮循ķ֣ƪôʵʱ򻹿ǵֿڻɬ֮Уʮ˳
岻̾ԼǶвҳԼǰ£Ȼְθīͨ˺ü顣ȻԼЩطôȻëڶʱееɬ֮С
һڣʱҹƽ˯ʱһʱҲ˾޴ջҲùˡʱҲе⣬ٰҹȥˣԷе飬ʰһȥϴ˯
ڶգȻϣˡȵ۾ʱѾܴˣֱ̧̧۵һ´۵⣬һᣬſʼϴ
ϴȥʱ򣬷Ѿ׼ˡ屾ͼȻһ£źȥءֻںһͼݳȥׯȥˣһʱҲûԾֻȰ¸ȳԷˡ
үλˣҰ˽Сܹ˵
ʱոճ극Ӳ죬Ȼ⻰֮ϷӣȻ̧ͷһͼʻ׺ĲԶ߹
ʻ߹ʱ򣬷ڳԷоԼĲ̫ʱ򣬾ͷ׷׵ʵǴˣġ
ûţҸոѾˣҲû£ֱӸȥ鷿ɡǸˣ˯Щ٣û뵽糿Ȼˡæվ˵
ȻʹǶ˽鷿ȥ֮Ϊ֮ǰй죬֮⣬廹šɳɶ˿ҲЩ档
ɣһǱߵɳġ
ԺҲȥȻ󵱼ͱ֮ĸоˡʵ̫ˣһ̣˾ͺҪȥƵġƽʱԼǻڶ֮ȥһᡣ
ﶨģʱҲҪҵ鷿Ūһ˷ܵʵ
ԼĥģȥҸ˺˵һžͰѴ˵ˡ
лһȥ
ü⡣ˣǻ𣿳𣿡ʵ
ţǰһصҾͿʼõǱˣյʱҲ˫˫ԷǱѾˡɰеߵݹȥ˵
ֱãǼȻʣһֱӾⳭɣʡȥ
ҲûоܾݹֽͱʣǱߵһ޸ǰ£ҳЩϵëƾͻԼ
ʱ˾Ѿˡһ÷ֻɶ˶ܾˣʾҪؼҸϽϸһ⼸ոճ飬ûмȥ
ȻҲûǿȥˣһԼһںۻ̽һ¶֮ĸ
磬극󺣲ҲˣͰѻõͼóͺ
ͼ󣬵ү棬ҲСһ̫ƫԶҲЩҪĻҪ򵽺ʵĵҲҪʱϸĿɲ࣬ȻֵĻǶҪҲߣҲҵԸ⽫вֵĵֳȥˡ
ţǾ鷳ˡرͲһʱ£ʱ仹ڼж鱸ҲܳȥתתԼѰźʵĵˣҲֻ鷳ˡڿĸ̶죬ƽʱʱʱҲῴ˱ƽʱҲЪһЪ
ʮ֮ϢֻǺȴϲá˵үʵĵصѰˣһҲҪǱߵ˼ҼǮҲֻʱȴһЩʡ


33    Щɻüʵǡ
Щɻüʵǳʲôˣ
ү, ˵ԭ򣬵Ǹصڼ϶, Ҳϲ︸ȥ, δʲôڼҲԣǰͷ˵ԺּߵĵغׯӶָ, ֻĴ粻£֪Ҫغ, , ػ˵ġ
Ъһ, ּ˵ҪصĻ, ҪôǵֵܷҲһг䶨, طָ˭ȥ˭ҪȲʱ䣬Ҫôֱֵһ, ѵԼȥص, ȥʱ, ϴҪٶһӡ
, 䵽϶, ڻԺ, ҪһˡȻ, ϴǿļ̧۵, ǿػǮ
뵽⣬ֻ˵ٿûʵĵأǰ֮ʵûҵ, ǾͶһɼǮ°ɡ
Уʱȥһ£ûʵĵء
û뵽ػҪһۣҲû취һʱỹ㲻ֻˡ
պԼõ׼ȥŷӿһЩǼջ˲٣ЩԾǰЩģԼԼҲһ˾е©;ȥҷӸһĿ
ЩΪҪ׼ԺԣԷڼҸϰȻûȥ˽ӣҲȥ֪ŷǡָѧռ٣ʱӦڼңֱӾˣǰҲ˵˽ڿεʱ򣬿ֱȥ
ֱӲȥģܿ͵ŷӼҵſڡֻǴʱĴǳģſڻͣһͺܻ
ʱŷӼе鷿һɫг۵ĿŲ裬ŷ𻰡Ǳˣŷǰ̳ǸϽʿѧڡ˴õλؾ;磬Ϊг̲Ծͣ죬Եſʦ
⣬λؾɻ鷳ŷʡǽڵ֡
£ελؾȻһ˻λͬаҲְڼвСϵʹһҲҵλؾ
ֻǻȥ֮׸һɲѹ𣿡ŷЩǵʵ
ȻŷӲ٣Ƕѧ»˽һġ֮ǰڱγɵһƫԶĵطְо׸һɵֱʡȻҲ׸һɣǽθ׸ȻθףȻθһӪˡټϽڱвŸɣһѲΪ׸һɵж
ЦŽ͵ӦûǸˡ֮ǰΪ¹׸׸һ̫ţһ϶֮Ǻݺݵ˳һɡ֣֮£׸һڱǵʥͲˣڻæػʥأڲѹҡǴƣҪԸҲõ
ȻˣҾͷˡֻʵǽţҪСĽҪ³çŷϸ
ͷİɣ֪𣿡
廹ԥҪҪȥϾŷӺп˰ݷáԥ֮䣬ŷ˳վſڣ͵Ƿӵİɣɣ
ʦĸôһ˵ֻܽȥ˵ǵģѧ˼ƪ£ҷӿˡ
û£ҽɡ
ȥ֮ŷţȻȥ鷿ţŷ˵˵¡
ŷһֱ˵ֱɡ
ű鷿ȥ֮Ȼ˷⻹һˣֻҲ²˵ݡ
ѧӣʱˡ˵
Ҳɡŷָһ˵
鷿ŷӽ̵ѧҲĽʶһ¡
Խ˵⣬˽Ｘǰյѧ壬ҲҪԺˡȻֶһߵ˵Ҷǰѧսֳ⣬ҽ̹ѧֱӽʦְɣ
ʦ֣
ô⣬ɡڿʦڵѧϸϸһ¶ֻͣȲһ㣬ұʮأһʮСꡣ
֮󣬽ֵȻҽʦˣҲûʾֻǳæҲûʲôöƽ壬ӻУ㣬ĪҪ˵žͽ壬ݸ塣
屾ƴǣŷһֱʾ£ʦ̬Ҳʮֻּˡ
Ͷлʦֵˣ
Ҫµģŷʵ
ǵġ˵Ͱеǵµ˹ȥ
ŷõ֮󣬿һᣬȻ˵⣬ҪҪʦܿһ£
ҲãҸ忴ˡڴôǶ׽ʿȻѾΪ٣ЩҲûǣڸʦܿ»ǿԵġ
˼ƪ֮󣬽ڲ̾ԼˮƽԶӣû뵽ʦ츳֮ߣҲѹָոշӰܸˡ
ԸΣʵ
ЩҽԵͷǫѷĻص
ãҾͲдһµҲǿϹˡ
ʦ˿ûд𻰣Щ˼
͸Ŀһе£ָ˼ʮ΢СĲ֮ҲѰһˣԽԽʦܡ
ֱ˵ҺҪˣڴ˵ضʦԺʲô׵ĻʲôҪģܸдţյźұػظġ˵㱨ԼھǱߵĵַ


34 ƾ֮   ûϵʦֻᡭ
ûϵʦֻԺд, Ҳĺ⣬ĬĬİĵַ£˵ʱҴŵĻ, һдŵġ
, 㲻֮ҪԺˣҾڴףһٶˣڵ
ŷӺʦ˻, ŷӻнҲûرܣʱ˵ʲôһ뷨
, ûо, ֮˸ǡŷȻ֪״, ûж, ֮ʱ˼ȥˡ
֮ŷӾ͸ϸ˵һ, Ժ¾ܿԸʦдšŷǣͽùϵԺ˹ٳ, Ҳи˷һڹԮ
ոڷӺʦ̸ֵҲŲ³ʦֵ, ҲܸܳʦֶԼĺ, ֻȥд, Ǹо˼Щ߶, Դ, ûʲôҪ, ǲҪСȥ˼, ڵʱдŻһЩʺһ£ҲԵù͹䵭
֮ʮңǱϴɿ, û̧ۣԸⰴ֮ǰ϶̸õļǮǱߵĵء
ȻҲΪǶʱϴ󿴵ȥĵˣһӣЩˣΣƬعû˻ῴٻǮ£ϾƬر˵Ϻãǰ︸ʱȥȻȥµĸӷֵءʮ죬ЭˣµѼӷˣԾ͸ϽȥҺص¡
һڣҲˣƬصõô֣ʱҲ޴֪ˡ
˵أרȥϸϸֿһ󣬲ſʼй
ΪҪĵسǵ棬йʱ򣬲ڳ˸ʾҲȥس⸽Ĵȥ֪ͨһ
ǮһʮģʮһᣬҲس˵ֱһʾ޿Ҫܸ£Ӿ͵ˣʡһʡɹǼøģһϢ٣͸Ͻ֪ͨˣȥ
س˻ԥʱ򣬺ȥйѾǼһˣУ֮ˣڸɻУسĹˣǸ쳣
Ϊ߸˲ʱ䣬ÿٶõ߰ӣ꽻˰ʱɿ죬Ǳߵÿ긺ȥո˰˻ƣ֪ΪʲôЩ˻Ҫܰ˰룬Ȼô߾ôͽˡȻЩǺˡ
ܿ͵ԺԵʱˡʱѾѮˣԺʱڰ£ǺܿͿʼʰ׼ˡ
ΪԺԻڸǣҲ·ˣһȥʱҲ˲٣صˮ·¸ϲˡ
ڵȵĺܣƽڼҵʱϱģڳȥ·ϣΪ鷳Ҳûб϶ٱ죬ȫûˣ֮ȣѾ˵ʱԺԵʱ򣬴һխĺжѰˡ
ã˼֮ٴε˸ǡϴʱ򣬳Щûʲô仯ǿڽлһֽŵա
μԺԵģ٣һɿɳͯˣֻͯͷֻźʵҲûʲôرĴֻпţʵʵĹſ˵ǽʿײżʱǲۣȨٲعٲ̣ÿ»ȣũӣǿƾ輸Ļͥȫҹһײˡ
ſɲǺÿģǸ¼ȡʿɱִ߿Ͷˣǲǧľţµĸû١ǻݸ˵ϽأԺԹ¼ȡʮ˰ˣǶˣʱ¼ȡʮˡ
֮£ЩӴС׷ԲҲֻǸͯˣƾ֮Ҳɼһˡ
Ҳ֪ԼˮƽøŻǺ׵ģڵַΧȾ֮£ҲЩڴ£Ĳ̾Ŵƾʵ쳣пᣬڲǵһأ˵ﳤķ֮һˣѵĶں棡ԣԺ֮¼ȡţ֪мܿС
ƽһ˼ڻλƵϵŵĿĵءվǴȥϴסĵطҲҪΪϴסҲнһ£Ҳϰˡ
ֻȥʱһ˲ŷ֣ϴסĵطѾ˴³ĿˣһסĻȻǻЩӵġ˭룬Ǹϴⷿǵ˼ҾȻʾֻҪһ˶ЩǮͿ԰˸ϳǡ
꣬ټ˼ңеʵƷǡǼǮס˽ȥָ֮Σ˼ҲһڣԸ¡ʱ̾ϴסʱ˼ûиĲá
꣬Ҳ뻻طסģΪ˭֪ʱǼǮסȥԺ󣬻᲻˳ߵǮٳȥʱӰ쵽˼ӵϢǾ͵òʧˡ
󣬷һһҵһطȻǮ˵㣬Ǳ߻ߺϲ٣˼Ҳ
ҲһһԺ֮Ҳڵˡ
Ժϣʱ磬컹ȵúܣſоԼվ˲һᣬϾͳ˲ٺе̾һȥ֮󣬵磬ȵʱ򣬵ʱָѰˣ


35 ֮󣬡
֮, Ժڿˡ
ʱһӵһǰһشӴǱ߳ſ˹Ǹںһ½֪ǰλ˰ٷ֮ӦþǴ˴ѧˡ
ԣ˴ԺΪϸ, ҲӵĽ, һϵзӵǲű볡볡ʱ, Աѧ˵½֪󣬳ͷЦһ¡忴֮, ΢½֪˸, ͸Ͻſ۽ȥˡ
ſ, ܿҵελáεҲ㲻, ֵĿΪλԭⲢֱ, Ҳ΢һ㡣˵ε㲻ûзֵǱȥηֵԱߵĿᣬζѬ, ټϽĸ£֪Լֿܷȥ
ȫ볡, Ժźܿͱ, ʱ쵽֮, ҲͿԿʼˡοԵѧ֪, ۿʼѲӿ
ԺԷΪ, һΪ, ڶΪԡĺһʫ
֮ǰԷǴëͷ, ࡣѿ׼ëϸ˺üȷû֮󣬲ſʼ׼⡣
һǡ֪֮ƶ, Իҷ֪֮ߡǽǰһ¾һ´ڽشеġ½ش⡱˼Щϵģǿ˵ԼҲԳΪ
⻹򵥣֮ǰ½֪͵ǼУ忴ֽش£ƽʱŷҲ̴´⼸ش弸ǿҵѸ˼·
Ȼ򵥣ɽڷ´ݸֽдһ飬ȻּرǺܿһƪ¾ͻˣżһ飬޸ĸһֱӴ㿪ʼܳˡ
ʱѲӵѧ˺½֪ߵ⣬ѧ߽һڿѾʼڿܳˣûһᣬһƪ¾Ѿ㶨ˣոѲкܶ˻ǹ˼أͻδʡ
ддŵʱͻȻеͷһӰͶ²⣬Ѳѧ½֪ɣ룬һֱû̧ͷ˶ӣǼ˿ŵļܳһҲûжĶ
ùһᣬͷƬӰʧˡԶ˵ѧ½֪˵ոǸС꣬䣬Ӧþͬ˵֮ǰѾ׵Ŀɣ
ǵģѧˣ¹ٲ²⣬Ļ˴ΰױУʱСԪˣҲʧΪһƪѻ
ѧܴЦ˵ҹԴӻͦ͵ģոտ⻹ͦģ̶ʱһƪ¾ã˵Ҳǲ˼ˡֻһڻ˵׼ǵȿԽٿɡ
ܴٶ꣬ͯҲǼĶˣʮһͿнԪģҲʲôϡ£½֪˵ѧҲûʮ⡣
ʱдһ⣬ŷ±ʣ̨һˮĥĥīĥ֮滺һ塣ʱ̫Ѹ߸߹𣬱볡ʱ֪˶ٱλûδֱ䣬еȵĹǺ
ӿóһײȻˮһˮʪֱӸڶͷ֮ϡˮ֮Уʱ˰飬ʱȻѾȥˮܸеЩġŪһŸеһЩҲֳ
ˮŪϣѰײСķŻȥ󣬽ֲ֮󣬲Ÿȥ
ϵĵڶĿǳ򵥣ֻĸ֣ĿǣԹءʵϣĿԽ٣ṩϢԽ٣ĿҲԽѡ
Ȼֻĸ֣΢˼һͺܿԺɸѡĸֵĳĿԹءѡԡӡ¦ϡԭΪ:Ի:¦֮֮ɣԹأܳɷԱ;ʦ֮ϡҢ˴֮ƽ¡
˼һᣬܿҵֱ֮ץסԭеġ͡ɡչȻֱԡضҲΩѴӡ˾⣬ֱӵĿ:Թءĸ֣˵Ϊʲô˻ᡰԹء޷ǿԼġ͡ɡˡ
ֱ֮ӿʼأŹ֮ӣй棬оأ֮Σ֮ˣԻҲС칡ǡ֮˼ǿǵ⣬ֱˡ칡
ȻЩűȣǿԼĹ۵㣬˼:أС˵·ҪһĹءΪһִ߿дƪĵ˵˹ҲִЩطƵģԺֱʷһתʦģ˷֤һ֤˼һ߷壬ҲԴɡг֮ϣضغΡ
βܽᣬһƪҲˡһʱ˼ʾ䣬ûԥֱӽڶƪܳ˿ϡ֮ܳʱ򣬲Ÿոչûãһ㵽֮ɣҲֻʣһʫˡ
˿֮Ѹ˵İײ˲ͷϵĺȻֱӿһĿˡ
ĿǡáƲɽȱ롯԰Ϊޣһ˵áժʫΪ⣬ȻҪʫԴӴԽ֮ΪֲԼʫⷽĲ㣬ʫˣʫδţ£廳ʫҪôǳĳһ±صĵ伮ҪôԴġ
Ҳ²˴󵨣Ͼƾٿɶûʫ㾫ͨĿ֮ҲûбסһᣬȻд᰹ȱزָ˼䡭
д֮󣬿һᣬҲûʲôøĵģǾֱڿ֮дˡ
д֮һ㶼ȥϽʰһ¶ֱҡ彻
ȥʱ򣬸պѲѧܴ˻½֪ȻѾˣȻҲöȥ㹰ֳλ˸ΪѲλȻҲ̸ۣܺԾ΢ͷʾһ£ͼˡ
Ҳ⣬ñйȥ̸λ˹ȥͼӿ˽ŲÿӹԺȥصסĵطŪˮϴ裬һЩ
ȥˣϴһǰдɢļеĿţ徭ЩⶼһߣҲ͵ǷˡʱԺﻹеĿһĿץϹô벻Ǿʫڽ±ʣڿ˼š


36         ʱҺ󣬡
ʱҺ, ɺҲ̻ˡɻգηȻûгҲȶ, Ҳһ㿼еİ, ɫЩˣȥЩʧ䡣
, Ǿʫ֪ĳ𣿡һǰʵ·ϵʱ, Ҳһ, ֻ˶֪ʫĳ, ʲһ, ֪֪
Ҳ֪žͰʫĲ²˵һ¡
Ҳ֪ѽʱһΪֻԼ֪ʫĳĲ, ˺óʱ䣬ʱЩˣҲŴҴææһʫȥЩɥ˵
ʱʵĻ, Ҳ֪ðοʲôˡÿĿƾٿԵĿûһ̶ƣԳĿٺܶʱ򶼻Ĳ, ƴ󲿷ֿ֪ʫĳ, ҲЩ˾㲻֪Ҳܸʫһ׺ʫ
ֻܶ˵Ҳ̫, ˵һҲв, , ǰƪú, Ҳܺһࡣ
֮ǰĵõǼ鶼ɳһȥ, νǸ͵»У֮ǰǺһҲһ, һöǵˮƽ϶ҲЩʵǰƪúˣҲδزԼơ
ֹۣҲ;ɥһᣬܿͻָƽӣʱŬ׼ˡ
ʱԺѧܴΪһϵйԱľΪ˷ֹ˴ѧȥĿԺ͸ԵĴԱּľٶҲе
ľĵʱ򣬴ѧܴ˾õǷݾӡΪߣܴ˺ԼĿѶȣԶԿǵĴжϵʮ׼ȷ
õݿʱ򣬿һش£ͷıʮƪʮ˳ȵڶƪʱͨƪ͸Ƕƪ⡢⻹кⶼʮ־ʣĹ۵ǾôҲǽܴ˲İоϧʱѧҲҪȵľ֪ݿ˭Կ϶ǣӾŵƵĽǱߣҲǰμˡ
ʫʫ⡰Ʋɽȱ롱Ͳǹ˵ʫ䣬ܴԼʫȻʫڼ֮ͬҲǹģԶпʫΣзȨܴ˿ݿ֮ҲòһʫģɾϸңȻľδܴ˿Ժ԰ʮ֮˾Ҫ䵽ˣֻǲ֪Ƿ֮ǰ½֪˵ǸõСԪСء
֮ľˣʱ򲢲ᷢҲǷŰֻǻṫ¼ȡ߸ԵĿţȵԺŻᷢ¼ȡŵ
һ˵Ժ̭֮һ㲻࣬˶ܽ븲ȥȻҲڴУԼԡ
Կһһʫһƪ£ѶȻǱһ㣬ʱҲһ죬ʱ뽻
ȻԵĿЩѣõ֮ûио̫谭ȻһЩʱ䣬ǱˣдҲǿˣʱŻһʱʱͽ˾ȥˡ
ΪԺһҺŰԽҲܷһϾ˾Ϊ˼Ҳ޼¡
죬˵ճ̸ͬʴڸǺú漸죬ϴʱûȥĺĵĵطȥһ飬ɣ߷һ鼮ضˣǳ࣬һЩƫƧŵ鼮Уɴ⼸ȥ࿴顣壬ҪͱȽ϶ˡ
֮ǰ칤ĿģҪʱ޻һ˵Ůһ߳ŵĻᣬֻпԾöͦ壬ڼһݻȨֻֻһˣҲֻسһı䣬ܳطΪȻԺ볯ãڳһϯ֮أſܲ뵽ߵƶȥʱ̫ˡ
յ˼֮һʱڻݸؿ칤֮һչطȻЩһɣڽѾ⼸׬ĴʣµӲ֧֮ڣٴοһģĹ
Ŀǰ忪ļҵơơѾơ̲衢衢˫Ƥ̡ȸֶûоķӣڷоӣڻûʽЩϸϽҲִʮһͣ˼Щȥ
ʵȻӶʱ֮޷ڶֻҪڸһʱ䣬ܻ֮ܿر֮ĸ¡ֻԺվҪϿƾ֮·볯ΪٵģһҹУǿң˵޷ܿأԺ󵱹֮ҲΪڸһԺаѿصĲƸӴ󣬳Ҳ
ѷȥҲһٶá
ݸسǣȥأأÿسһ˺Щǣȥͬʱ֮ǰԼҪŮȻЩҪؽĹ֮죬ȥЩ˺Ȼ˷ֻ֮ǿӣȥ칤
ǱڽĹԺһȥЩǺʱһƷģЩֻдпԸⰴҲȥ칤
ȻЩ岻һȥơơѾƻŨȵİ׾Լ⼸ʱȥֻеЩ˰Ҫ󿪰칤ŮˣԺŻ½ȥһȫȥˣʹһʼǩ飬ԺǺҪ飬һʼ˵죬ʹԽҲ鷳
ȷȥˣȻᵣıܵ⣬ĸܳΪ˵ûԼֶΣõ֮ǾΪ湲ͬ壬Ȼ÷й¶ȥñ˵ѵĵıˣֱܴʩ֮ıй¶ȥˣЩǮ˷ӵΪάԼ棬ضȡִʩȥάȨʩѹҾ֪˱ԼɽѷȥˣҲõĺˡ
ǱߵĹҪʱܽɣû飬ųʱ䣬һ¸أسǵĹԼһǵܷԺʵмƻ


37 СԪ   ס𣿡塭
ס𣿡ֻź
˼, ѣ߹ȥ˿š֮źµۣһһϵźɫ񲼵ͭ, ǺһȺΧ۵ˡ
忪ų֮, һǰҾ˵ӰɣҸϲ, εԺףһСԪϣǸǺþûСԪˣС⹧ϲˣ
лλϲˣֻʵ鷳ˣ
ô˵鷳أǴϲ, ޲ȥߺһȦأǸҲһһͬؿš
Щ, ڴܳǺһΪ, ȥߺԼ, ǻоһĪ߳ܡ
ʱҲƹȺس˹ү, ˰ףСԪѽ˵š
ţѾ֪ˡȻ˵˼仰, ȥȡЩǮЩǮǺ׼ Լү, үһø, ʱ϶ϲ, Զ׼Ǯ׼û
, ת˽ȥ
ڴվҲ, Ͷ˵, һҲ, ȱɣ
еܳϾǰվСԪŹѽԺ϶ǰ;, ڻº͵Ķ˵ǸæֵˣˣÿԺױϲǵķ֮£ˡ
ۼȥʱǮˡ׼ǮǼɰװӣһͭ壬Ǿ͸һ˵ȥһɰȻȱˮдһ£ǾЩȥ¥ԶٷɣҲҶԶλһˣϾҲˡ
廰˵ôҲֻˣм˵ͶлˣҲͲˣˡ
λߡ֮·˵˵ⲻŹѽû˵
ߺһɰͭǮץȥɢΧΧ۵ˡ
һץͭɢңһ˷ܵ˵Ҽү˰ףЩǮŰɣҼүˣ
ллӣлţΧû뵽ֺ£æӹǮȻгл
һŪܴ֮ȥϢˡʱϲ֮⣬ﻹרȥ¼ȡﲹͽݱݱúֽд͵ʱ͵游ҡҵʦȻҲΪ˶ЩǮϾһ·ȥݱҲǲףʱֵõǮȫǺϷģҲһÿ궼ǿͷҪȥ
ԴµȻΪϲˣû뵽ѾӱȥͽݱˡЩյݱηӦЩǺˡ
ܿҲˣѾһ˵ˣֻˣ
֮߹˵ϲһˣһСԪػȥ֮ӱضܸˡ
ѽԺҸ˵ҺֵܿСԪ˼ҿ϶ҲĽؿһۡҲϾ˴Ժһ˭֪СԪأȻСԪͷûСĴ󣬵ôڻݸҲһСˡ
忴⸱飬е㵣ǿջЦ·ҲģҲû⡣ȴֱ˵ǲõˣ˲е׼ˣڲʮ꣬´ǡô˵Ҳһ·ǴԺԵˣ´ο϶ܹڻ˶һͷ׷ֻǸͯأ
˵廹ɶҲһ
ΪʡԺԽѧܴΰ٣ȥֿԣѧܴԺԷŰ֮뿪ˣȥһһݸ֪½˰š
ЩеǣûĻȥˡ
ҷһ£ƾٵһھˡʱִӾ˲ǳܶ˹ƶǾŶǡššԲҼǸ˵󡣵ʵϣֻҪˣڿһ㣬ûġ
忼ţΪţԼٲ򣬳Ṇ̀ҪķشҪֻܸ̣֮ҪŲһСعٸߣȥʦ֮⣬ǲȥſˣŬŬܵȨС˰١
۱ۣﻹжۣҲֵãʡˡ֮⣬ԺмĶطݶý˰ˣ뵽廹ʡһǮˡ
ЩûصأֻҪҳȥеǮع¡˵Ҳࡣ
ҲǾԵģ˵ЩҲǶüʱֹţ֪Լڿƾһ;û̫ĳɾ֮󣬲ģԺܹúһЩ
ҪǼϿ˼λеĻѾͶˣ̲ҲһǴͷЩīֽ⣬ҪǼƶų鲹һ һļͥȷṩ
ټϿǸ츳Ͼ֮еĺô͸ˣ񷶽˹Ҳġ
ֻҲȷѿݸأÿÿ궼ǧǾ꣬صĿţҲֻʮŵ˽δУҲֻܵһſˣһܲܿУ˭ϵأ˵űִʿѵö࣡
Ȼѿǳһͨѵı˵ĻûУ
ڿˣѾʻˣʰһ̻ȥ
յĴʰֱ´֮ǰȥǸһˡĺһ´ܳĹԱǣǾͲܰѺ޵ĺһ𣿴һ·ƾ٣йǸƺʹྭˣѵͲϵ
ֻҲֻ²ۼ䣬ϾǴܹܳӯﵽʢ֮ԲǮ޽޴Ĺ̡
ͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬֮ҪٴȥǸһεģһÿһΣ֮ǰһΣ
ִĽʦƵģǿϾ룬ϱƺÿ궼ҪѵԡҲһ㿼֮ÿ껹ҪٴؿһΣԷˣͽԡԲߣܵ⣬ǳ
ѾΪŵ˰ճɼӽн͵ģ˵ǿ̿㲻Ҫɡ
ֻԳɼţܻ׼μӡԡֻͨ˿ԣȥμӸһԣͽС¼ơ˵ԾԵһƱԲԲвμԵĿܣ
ԡԿúˣȻнģţÿ궼ܻáͨ׵˵ǹҽѧҲΪڵ壬ûвμӹԣֻܱǸҲ൱油


38 ѧ      ˵ĸѧʵǡ
˵ĸѧ, ʵǹٰѧУ˼ɸһȻѧ, ѧͬҲǹٰѧУ, ֻһѡ
ʵҲ¼ϵʱ򲢲һѧͱѧ, Ƿëǣ, ڶ˵Ĭ, ѧǱѧһĴ, ˵, ֻʦһ㣬ѧͱѧҪϲ١
ִеصѧУʦҪ˶ʿʿϵ, ѧʦǾˣеĸûеʿҲʵѧͲһ, ٵĿĻŶ꾭ѧʶ˵š
ִ, ˲Ϊ˸ߵĴǸȥ˾ְ, ڹŴҲͬĵѧĴͱѧ, ԴľȻȥѧ, Ǹѧȥ, Żȥѡѧ
ЩոտŵĿ, ȻҲԱ, һֻһɵ˿ԱѧȻȥѧˣһݿŵؾ, ÿͳһ
ոճĻشֱ˵Ȼڻû˿ܲȷˣһһһڶǼ긮ѧǱһգȥѧǰ϶𣿡
˵ĵȷʵǿ϶ᱻѧģǱѧѧҲıȥֻڸѧѧԴҲԼѡȥȥеžΪصԭ򣬼ͥ״УѧҲǴⲻ̫Զѧѡѧһοžܼ˸ˣǱܶǸѧȥѧ
һͥǱȽϸԣģΪԭѧǳΪԭѧﲻģԹһ顣Ȼü꣬ȴѰ嵱һֵ濴ƾеĶ֣һȻԺһѧѧϰϦദ֪ԼױģԺܳ
忴ųı׽ǲһȷĴ϶գһᣬҲ˵ܲѧȻҪȥġ
仰ڰˣЦŶ˵Ҿڸѧˣ㵽ʱɲҪԺڸѧһᳬġ
ų仰ЩʧЦһһ볬ԼСӣ˵Ǿ仰ʱܿԸֱʣ廹ϲԸ˴򽻵ģദʮɡ
Ϊһµģ֮ҪȥȱĽ飬ֱĸ뿪ˡ
ڶһһϾ׼ȥˡΪԺԿ꣬һ·ϵҲɿ࣬Ҳ·;ߡϷ򸾣񻹳ڶӿŵϲõУһ·ϵҪһ޲øϽصҰȥ˵һϢӲ࣬ҲҪóЩϯףһ£Ͼӿðˡ
ǱߵͲʲôϸζûпҲûй⣬ӻСԺѵܿ𣿶Ķﲻܣһֱû⣬ʶӻȥ֮ЩʲôҪЩʲôȥѰȥȻеźʧģǸ͹ȥˣûзչأΪһνҲأ
ܿ죬Ǿͻصء
˼ſڵʱ濴ŵС˸Ͻȥ˺һүϢæӭԼүȻ󻹷Ըȥñ
ոһһžı˺ܾòͣЪүڻˣ߹˵š
죬죬үȽūȥˮԡҲ֪ϰߵģÿγԶص֮һ¾ԡһ
ţʱҲڣຣǱ߽ĽˣҲȥЪЪԺصسӭҡ忴źҲЩΣʱЩ¼ѹ˺ϡ
ڿүţūĶҪ˵һүˣϽǱ߳ӣģūоȥܵġˣǵȥүֽȥүڵҲ֪Ϣ
ԺĻͬҲԭӦģǰ漸Ҳ궼ȥֻǽȥܹǲͬġ
ڼһʹƷȥŷǣҲǱϲˣŷӶǾľڿȻҪȥŷ˵һ
ŷӣû˵ŷӾЦŶ˵ҹȻûп㣬СԪԴϢ㲻֪жҪѧҲǸˡ
ˣҲ̵ĺãҪûָڻأ˵ŷӶû˵ƽʱҲûٳոСÿڿεʱ˶࣬˵Լܿţĵŷӵһ빦͡
ˣһҪΪʴӱһȱڷɣôҲûá
ŷ佱Щ˼ûнӻ
ŷ˵СԪˣҲȥźͽ˵һ£֮ǰߵʱԺԵĽҲǺĵġ
ȻûбҪΪСԪ˵治ʲôܳв٣ΪһС¸ʦȥʵ̫ˣŷӷˣҲֻȻĻЩ˼
ŷ˵һỰҲͻȥˡĵʱȥǸһηϢ
һЩˣÿ컹ܳ߼ˣϢȻʮˣ˵˺һỰһֱĵţӺŷӶǶʮҪλʦ
磬ǻصãС˹ү֪˹ˡ


39 ȥ       Щ֣֪
Щ, ֪֪ǸʲôģǾһ˼һ߿첽ߵǰȥ֪ˡ
ȴۼ߹֮󣬸æ, 幰Ҿ
ȥ, ض񣬽Ųſʼѯ⡣
óһĹĵĲ, ˫ֵݹȥʮӣ֪ش˽˽쿼ŵʿӵ, Ƕʮ, ΪСԪ, ֪شصظһ
رͲǿƾٴ, ÿԺԿŵٵĿ껹, ĸкüζһûϵġ˿Ŷ֪˵Ҳһص֪ض¿ϵһЩǮ֪յĽݱ, ֪ԺǰףСԪ, Ǹ, ֱӰĽ
Ȼڼвȱ, Ҳ֪ŵʿӵһ, Բδƴ, ֱˡȻֵǾͶлش, תش, ѧԺػŬ
ãСһ⻰ΪջҪֵ, Ժܿ뿪ˡ
֮󣬿ʱ仹磬ʹһȥس⣬뿴ôˡ֮ǰ¾أʱ䶼ڼб߽˸һֱǷĵġʱʲô׼ģҲǻģߵĽиŵ˽⡣
쵽˵ʱ򣬻ûпǱߣѾǱڸɻĶΪڽɰʯש飬ҲȥͣһյǣȻ³˹ȥ
ͣѾˣæżĴӺ׷үߵשʯСЩ£ǧˤˡ
ţû£֪ȻֳשʯЩңƽ̹ĵطģĵ˹ȥ
ڽĹǰ棬µıЭǱߵĹ˸ɻΪ˸ɻ㣬ҶĻ˵ģ崩һɫĳ߻ͦ۵ģһתͷͿˡ
һүˣ͸Ͻһˣ䣬ͷ½ܵԼүǱߡߵʯͷɳӣңһүһСǿɲС¡
¹ֱӶԹµ˵æȥùңҾһ㿴ȥɣ
ǲУôңСҪǲһʲô£ô͹ܼҽүԱ߸ɣСߣɶ¶úܣҪʲôɻ󣬻ֱСء¼ᶨ˵ţԸһš
ô֣ûپܾҲ˳⣬һԸˡ
ΪĴ٣ߴ˶ʶʱȻĿЩҲδ⡣
ǰ£ȵúܣֳвڸɻʱųಲȻ϶ǺˮǸɵȴʮ𾢣ûһ͵ġ
һʮǮس棬ߵĹǮҲСɻĶ꺺ӣСϿһӵƣǲ۵㣬ǮҵкܶΪ֪Ϣ̫ҪⱨʱѾˣûɣÿ춼ڴȱȱˡЩ˺޲м͵ˣˣ˱ϳȥˣǲлᲹ£мԸ͵׬ǮĻأ
̶ˮˣҪȵĶϽΪ̫ȣһṩü̶ˮЩɻ˽ʡ
̶ˮˣв˷еĻϽȥһ룬ȥˮûˡ㣬ڴܳҲϡ棬ġ
ֻĻڽʱʯ϶ôȥСʱΪոǱ̶ˮڵʯϵ˵һʱһиûʹϾʯ˲Ӱ׹£һ죬䵽档ûˣûҵˣŪ
죬˲ͳǱ˹ȥΪЩԶҲ֪Ǳ߷ʲô˹ȥ뿴
ȥ֮˵֪ʲôǰ˵Щţ˵û£ȥɣ´ʱСһ㣬ȫһ
˸æ˵С֪ˡ
֮ʹµģ߷Ķ𣿡
൫Ҳ٣ǸҪһأСͽȥˣڴʯϵʱΧ׼վأҲδʲô¡·Ҳ⣬Ͼʯȥ̫ˣһиϲãʯϾͻһ׹һԴ


40          ţС֪ˡ
, С֪ˣٽȥطɣȼˣǼߵطڽ
ط̫, ֱ߿Ҫչʱϸϸؿ, ʱΪĳŹ˻ᱻ棬Ҳûм, ֻǰѿУϽȥˡ
, ʱûй, ű¶޳ľ, ôһ, ǽͲһˡ
ȥ֮ùͽ鷿ڹǱĿ׹һ¼ʱ, 뵽һǾǡ֡
ʵڴܳԻҲʹõģڽõһػел, ɻֹɵġʹõĶ֣ڽ, ƶ, ԸʱΪ˽ʡɱ, ʹõĺ١
óֽ, 忪ʼʻ
оʱΪһĿ, ֮ǰ, һֱһ׼, ѧѧʮ־ͨҲ뻬Ǽ򵥵־ͻ˳
, û뵽˹Ŵиһ졣һ߻ͼһİ룬봩ԽִĿϣЩѧǣǧҪСκѧĶ˭֪һ᲻һԽȻʱͷ֣ڿѧ˵ĶڹŴôôָ̾ûһԽĻɣ
ܿ죬ֽƺ˼ֻ飬ԺϻĻֻԭ֮һͿɵʯϻľϵȣЩӦɲ٣Ժ׹¼Ӧûٷ
ڶϣͼֽһ£ҵһҪȥľģתһ룬ǻľͷĻǳسܻ꣬ܿѣļʺܴ룬;ɴˡ
ſڣȻǳģ廹ûֱӽȥϰԵôšʱһڴɨĸ˼ֱӺɣ
˵껰󣬲˽ȥȥ֮󣬿ԺԵľ޴졣Ǹ˼СҲֻǰģּϴŲһ㣬ҲǾ߽֮󣬾ƿ˲Ĳ溰˼䣬ܿһ˴ƿ˳
壬ôˣһʱЩȡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼı磬ҲǸ˾˾˵Ķֹ㡣
ֹں׼ľͼŵıܣЩв˼֪ǰġøʱﾭȥҪӣøȥ֮󣬵ȥܵ鷳Щһȴδֹ
Ȼֹڳһͷʦ˺üʵһСʮųˣȻøߴ󣬵ĺȴһֱǸ۸ģԴΪ֪ԣҲӲ֨һ
ȻųҲʵسʦѧԺԼˣýԺҪΪȥűˡֻҲŸոճʦûӣ֮ǰ游ĸеΪ˻ծȥұҪǮһ㶼ֹˡ
Ϊе⼸Ҳһֱ˼ܣֻû뵽ܾȻˡ˺ܶ࣬ǿڵʲôģЩܴ򡣡
Ȼ̫ϲľ˾һңǶ绹ûʲôеģΪ˵һ㶼еʵ˰ɣҲΪûмŵһְɡֻûжҲϲžǶԴͨ˵ĸɡ
ҲûɣֱӶֹ˵⣬ȻóĻͼֽݸֹ㣬Ȼָ˵һЩҪ
ֹӹ˿Ȼ滭ĶûôǿҲѴ죬Ϊǽȥʦ˳
ֹʦҲ֮󣬽ӹͼֽ˿еʶģʶžǻϵĲˣֻ滭ȴЩͬѡһЩϸ⣬Ȼͺܿİ˵Դ򣬲ȲӡЩҪķһʱ䡣ɣ֮ȡʱұ֤
Ҳͷģûжϵ˶𣬵⻬ִȡˡ
ȥʱڽżȻͬ٣ֻ˸ոնһۣǸپӼèһٿ壬ֱѸתͷװؿ첽ˡ
忴Ը̵Ȼ֮һìܣҲûҪѵرһܡ


41 ͼ       ϵ˺ܶ࣬ܿ졭
ϵ˺ܶ, ܿͲĵӰҲδԴ˾̫࣬Ժ󽻼Ҳ࣬ȥ֮ܿ¡
, ȥҰѾõĻȡ, ȻȥسĹǱߡ
Ҫװɻģ֪Щ˽, ӹһֲʡʵҪһʱҲ̲, ͸ɴֽϻ˼̶ֹķʽ, ֱǱߵĹŪ, ʡ¡
Ǳ, µģ˼ȥѻְװȥ, ȻʼһԵһʯϡ
ֵĹ˾־͸ˮԴˮõǸ࣬ôܻʡأڻҪװֱǴأү, ҲҲֻÿʼװ
ͼֽװʱ, Щ˷, ⵹ˮǱҡЩͬ, Ǻüװһ, ƵҲǸЩǾ, ǻǲ̫ʡ, Ƶ˲Щ, ѵƾվɣ
ܿ죬嶨ЩڸװˡΪ˰ȫȥһ, ȷǰͼֽװġȥ֮ǹ¾ͽŵĲˣϽţһСĴˤ
֮󣬴еĻҳȻ˵ȥһЧɣ
󣬸ϽǼȥԣвС
˰װʯϣҪʹʱͻȻʵôʯҪ
Ավŵһ˻صĸҡ
Уվһߣֻһȹȥһԡָӵ
һĹЩȣһôĶƽʱҪĸʹġүҲҲӣֻÿһǱһԡ
˿ʼʱҲվԶԶأǸһʯ׹ˡ
ǸһһµʹţտʼʱΪֻû뵽һµʱӾͱԼקһʯҲűЩ
ѵĻʡ˽ŽɵؼӡʱҲڽĿǸˣΪһ뿴ܲ
쿴ѽѾһˡһ˲ɾʱʯѾһ׶ˣҶ棬ʯһ
һһ£һʼû뵽ƾһ˾ȻܰǰҪĸʯϸһܿͰʯϸȫˡ
ΧҲȻû뵽Ȼ׷׸е˼顣ʱǿǸ񶼱ˣоǸʵ̫ˡ
û뵽үŪôãȻŵӾǺãһԿ޵Ϊ´ǰҲûмΪүԼĥġ
忴ŹµĻΧ˾滹̾񣬸оʵ֮ϾⲢķҲֱ˵ִоģ͵һϿģо˲δҲֻǽĳɹԭŪ˶ѣ㲻ʲô
ԱΧ۵Ҳ£׷ҪȥһԣȻûᣬȥ˲ʯľģҷ׷׳档վԱ߿һҲͻȥˡ
Ϊȥֳ˲ʱ䣬ҲԽ˸ŵĹƣǰ£ԤƹƾѮʱͿԻ깤ˡǸʱĸ豸ҲҪˡ
ֹ֮ʮ죬֪ǱϢȻǱѧǱˣԺǸѧˡֻǽ긮ѧ̫٣ֻˣ˽ԱصѧеسѧҲûУôǸصĸոտеžֻܵȥˡ
Ǳ˸ѧֻվЩ󱻲ѧȻЩΪһȥŵ˲ŴϢҲֻһ˸ѧ
ҴǱߣյźҲûоȡ֪ôϾÿ걻ѧѧͲ࣬ΣʮȻ⼸ҲӱˣǸûлᵽѧȥ
ĵ˸ѧҪһΪǱ߳ȥ·ѣÿҲǱسߵҪ࣬ȥˣԺ϶ҪսˡȻｱʮӣԺ黨ѸޣҲǲĵΪ̫ࡣɻڰ뵽ѧԺÿǿĺõĻ϶ʱҲһ롣
Ȼ֪ɱѧȥ֮ķֱҲģĻЩ˸СѧҪٿԭÿһѧϰ˾ֱˣԺĻὥнԶ
ȻǸ޷ʵ⣬ȴʼԽܣƾ֮·ǹ¶İɣû˭Լһ·ߵס廹Եʱǿٴξס
ѧǱߵһֻǻδ֪ͨʲôʱҲѧ廹߼šĹɣһʮѮʱ򣬾ͻϢˡĻʱͲˣԺصһһҲҪʱ䣬ʣµ鰲źòС
ΪߵĹ˼ӹЩױ֮ĳʳ֮⣬廹;ӡֻЩΪ˷ֹйܣˮ߹գѲ軮ֵĺϸУԱҲһ⡣
ֽһĻЩ豸ĥ˺öֽʳ֮ĶȽϰȫԺҲʲô̫ΣգΨһĵľǱڣҪȵȣЩ׽ֻǷоѲϸ֣Ҫ漰һЩѧӦģȻҲǾһΣԣ廹ĥ÷ʩķ
֮뵽̲ɱȴ豸ҪǱȽϸߵģ尴ʵҵľ飬˺ܶ豸ȷհ汾
Ȼа׾Ҳ˵ģʵҲ֪˶ˣԴ˻Ǽ죬ܿͰһƸ㶨ˡ
ȻЩ࣬ЩȫҲһСĹȫɵʱҲѾ쵽˾Ѯˣʱ򣬹Ǳ߻ڽβ׶Σûпʮ֮ǰ϶ܽ
ͼһ£Щ豸ȫһ¡ÿƺһ֣͸ϽȥǿֳȻõĳߴȥװȻǵȵʱſʼŪƵʮ·ѮʱЩҲæꡣ
Ѯʱ򣬹ǱҲҪˣʱҲˣٷʾЩˡ


42    󵽱ʱ
ΪеĶŮ, ټ⹤ǽس棬ΰЩҲ޷֤嵱, ȹ֮, ҪһЩÿְѲš
ҲǵŮ˽Ӵ, صڹǽһ, Ļܽǽȥ
лʱ, Ҳʼ˿ʼŮˡ
سǸ, 嶼ȥ֪ͨ, ˵Ϣм빤ԶĵȴԸģҲṩס, ʳÿӹǮġ
嵱ڹĸǶˡᡱǿ϶סģΪܶŮӲѮ´ڳ, ǻмͥҪˣ, ԸǶһ·ؼҡʵ, ѡסڳᡱĿ϶Щδ޵Сӡ
س֮й, ΧŲٴŮ, еĸŮһΪʱ, ຺ûиϵϱ, ٴйϢ, ͸ϽߥԼȥȥȥ˾ͱˣϾҶ۲, ʱ϶ϺȣǾԼȥ⳧Ϲ˷ܵ£ãйĹ쳣˳
س棬ҲйģΪҪյŮӱȽ϶࣬Ҳûʲô̫ƣĵط֣СӺ͸ˡǰȻǱ˵ʱ򣬾ܵʱ˵ĺ˶ŽɣǱ߹ȵˣЩ˿ŵѾϹСӻиǵĹǮһϵдеĽ޵ԼôûбأйҶǳ
󵽱ʱ֣ͨس߱Ĵ඼δ޵Сӣ˹ֻһЩ
Ľһ㶼е⣬ΪЩ˱ˣسЩǣԸĻÿջؼңسÿյ˵Ŷرգ£سﱨˣֻѡסޡ฾ѡ˷
ڴﵽľѾܺˣѾǧŮ߳ͥ׬ǮĻᣬһ죬ЩŮӵ˶øãʱŬֵõġ
ҪʮѮʱҲյ֪شӸǱյϢȥѧѧˡ
ʱߵĹողſʼһߣʣµȫҪ֮ǰǰעȫдӷģʱȥעһ¡ֻԺ飬ֻͨдϵˡãдŵĻһĳȥܱյʹٶȻġ
һź֮ڴС·ˡҲ֪үԺǶʱ䶼ѧˣԺڼʱ䲻̫ˣҲֻĿԼүһԶȥΪԼүⶼΪ˶飬šϧ룬ڸǾͺˣҲʡһֱȥչүӡ
ʱ򣬺Ǽӿĸٶȣһ棬߹£Ҳ÷ĵĸүȥǱߡ
ڵ˸ǡûĻʱ䶼ҪˣиŵԵúбҪˡһ£ֱӾһԺӣԺţʡÿⶼҪ⣬ҲʵЩ鷳
ѹʿԵʱˣʱĿջ帮ʱҪһЩȻҲ˲١βԺӣȻҪʱһЩһʱǱǻҲԸӶҵضλҲĵط⼸ֻȴСֱסڿջˡڸѧǱߣΪչ·;ңԶѧʱʮֿɣʽѧʱ仹죬ʱżȥ
ãΪǵӶ࣬ҲȻЩһʱҺĴŷҪĵط
֪󣬾ֱӸǸϽȥǼˣʣµĿʱҲˣϽսپ֮ۺϱȽ֮£ѡһ븮ѧԶ滷Ϊĵһӡ⴦Ҳģǰ䣬Ժ໹ƫϣԺﻹ˺ϱôֵ濴Ҳʮ⡣
⴦ʮģ˼ҲȻ֪ԼķӺãҪҲܸߣһڼۣҪʮӣôŶ
Ǯ廹Ǿúģܿӵ˼ҴЭ飬Ϊס֮ڰȥͶӡǱ˼Ը⣬ܿȥæʰӲֻһ칦ȫŪãȻϽȥǩ飬ðѷӹ壬ʡֻᷴڲҪˡ
һжó䶨죬ҲҪȥѧѧһ졣Ϊθѧֻ¼ˣԴҲܿʶʱȻ忴֣ѵģ֮Уĵࡣ
ܿ츮ѧĽڴѵͳ˹ѧǱûнڵģǱֻн͡Ǽ˼ڹˣȻǺܿ찲ȴŽѧ
Ϊڷ˴ŷܿͰո߰վһšСģЩҲģоվͷһĳ˽ͷİοԼԼͻСԺ϶ǻ᳤ġ
ʿ֮һֱһ仰panѧ·ʵָǿ֮ѧΪʽԱʱеġѧ񡱣Ҳǡ񡱡
ʮׯأÿ궼ǽڴѧǽСʱͷ˸ڽڻѵĬĬǰš
һھ¹ڣҪɽΪ¹ڣʾ¹ָ֮ŽһأȻʼаʦ
ȰݿӣٰҲǹˡǰݽڵʱ򣬻ҪÑԴ׼ʱȥЩˡʱ򣬰˽ڣ֮仹ҪϹԴʾԺ֮ͬụҵȻҲǽһһ
һھǾˣ彫ַˮУѵ˵ˮȥϴһΣȻɣҲΪ˸Ǿ־ģԺҪ
һϵˣڲȥȻѵǼȥիᣬҲԺסĵطիռܴһԺӣ䷿һһ䣬Ӱ쵽ԷϢҲôɺͳֵһԺӡ
Ҫס𣿡ѵ֮󣬳յʵʵϳǲԸסģΪס䲻󣬶һܴͯԺҪԼЩ£ʵ̫鷳ˡ˼ǰҲסˣҲӰɣɴҲסˣԺһѧϰ


43 ѧ   ѯʣҲû
ѯ, Ҳûֱ˵Ҳס⣬ԺӦûס档
ΪԺ϶ҪдźͺǱϵ, Ҳֲ, ʡѧߣͯС, ҽƣ, дŶ鷳, ֱס, ķ븮ѧҲԶ, ÿһܿ͵ˡ
Щ֮ǰҲͺ˴ˣ߶, ֻҪѵ˵һ£֮ϱڣûĻ, ׼
ȻƻסիߵӿϢ, Ȼ緹Ҳڸѧ, Ҳٻȥһ, ʡһ㡣ֻĻ, ҲҪס޵ѧһ, ÿ½һĻʳ, ΪѧȻס, ǳԷѧҪԼǮѧǹѧҲǡѧУҲиﲦĲ, ѧҪǮҲࡣ
֮ҲЩź뵽ʹסһѧʱʱҲǿһģҲȻˡ
֮ԺҪ߳ԷϢʱ򣬵ʾҲҪһ𡣶ȻǴӦˣȻӶûҲӦǳԺһԷϢҲòԺʲôҲܻۡ
˵֮󣬱һȥѵ˵ի˼ɨʣܿһѵ칫ĵط
ѵӣѧһ㶼ѵʱ˵⡰߶£ҲһûоȣϾÿѧмҪ
̣ѵ廹гǶ˼⣬˽һžдһ飬ǩְӡȻ˵ҵȻȥƽǣ齻ɢѧһ˾С
ѵ׼Ƕ˲ŻȥΪոիǱֻǿһ͹ѵˣĻδʰȻԺҪϢիҲҪȥʰһ£Զ˾ԭ·ȥˡ
Ƕ˵իǱԼСԺſڵʱ򣬾Ϳ̧Ŷȥǿ廹г֮󣬾ͰеĶȻ߹˵ضλŻг˰ɣǷѵλͱþ߻бīֽЩոΪλڣֱԺŴȸŽȥģλҪ
廹гҲ˹ֻȻǵĻȻҲû⣬ǽ̧˽ȥǶ˽ȥ֮󽫶£ִСӣֱݸ廹г涼ѧ棬ѵҪÿѧӣôҶҪϸжԺҪĹ涨ǶҪעЩѵϸԺǷ˹涨Ǿˡ
лˣǶˡǶ˸мĻص
Ϊ˵ĶҪȥͣǶҲûж͸Ͻˡߺ巭˷Ǳӣɨۺ󣬾ͷˣ߹ȥʼѵЩһ¡
컹бīֽЩѧṩѧӵģҲΪǵѧӵļҾΪǼЩಹһ㡣ȻʲôõģҲøҲǴ´ˡ
ЩͿʼ̱ˣִʱҲסһ꼯ˣҲǲġ̵ʱǱ߸ոհѶԼľܹĳ涢ţô̵ġ
ϾС˷̵ģ£Ǵûиɹֲܴ˽̣˼СŪֻ⿴ôŪ֮ٻȥԼһԡ
֪ں涢ţҲû˿ĲڣﶯûͣŪšŶҲ࣬ܿˣĶҲúˣīֽҲںϡ
û뵽ŪôûһͰѱ̺÷Ҳ֮̾˵֪ӦҲǺܺõģ϶һڼﶼרŴʳסеģһʼΪҲͷЩθأԼչʱ򣬾ȻͿôŪţʵЩȡ
ǴĹŴˣִʱ豻죬ʰЩƽҲԼֵģԽ֮ȻʱڼҲָЩЩҲûǣʱȻǸɵĺˡ
ֻȻ˵ԭˣǾЦ˵֮ǰѾˣ֪ʱܴ˽ԾڼѧѧʵЩͦ򵥵ģһͻˡ
ţ⵹ҲǣҸոտʰ꣬ڸоԼҲˡͷӦ˵˵˸ǣԼҲһԡ
ʱһжʰˣ˳˸ոձϵǱСӷ
ݺܶ࣬ѧ深ϸܣһһԽΪ˵ʲôĹ涨ҲѧĹѧƷѵǴӰƷйְˣѧҲǼйٸѧʣͽѧأ֮һ˽ӻѧԺϸࡣ
мѧﻹᵽ⼸ѧѾ̳Աѧ档⼸ѧݾѧӦǱѧѧֹ·ǶԳ߲¡ѧͼԤ֮٣Сѧ֣ĻɢȥٸΪٸȣѧ⼸涨ʮбҪ
ѧĽڻѵҲԼѧЩԺǰ̣Բǰڲǡ
⼸ѧ棬ҲȻе⡣ѧӸһе¼öϿᣬۣţصֱɱͷʾڣѧ⼸ѧҲΪЩѧӿǵġ
ȻЩѧ棬滹һЩ˵γ̰ûݼ¡עһݼٹ涨ֱϿӵѧ棬ЩżٵĹ涨ʮֵԻ
ѧѧÿʮһεġѮ١ũæʱ򣬻һµġ١ֵ任ʱ򣬻һµġ¼١ѧȥǰ׼·;ңԶĻӳڣѧԼݼٻ߼˲Ҫȥ̽ٵҲʮף׼ǳɡȻ⣬ʱҲǻżٵġ
ֻѾˡ¼١ֻܵŹܻȥˡ
Ҫȥѧһ𣿡ʱʰ÷һһ˵
ֱӳóȻұǴ㿴Ӻȥһ䣬ϤһѧĻģ˵žͻ˻еĲӳʾȻֽ˵ڴҲˣÿԺȥһ䡣˵⸮ѧĲ¥ֲر࣬ʱǿȥһ¡


44 ¥   Ҳһͬ˵
Ҳһͬ˵ǵ, ⸮ѧı¥¥͡ǸˣĲкܶ඼Ƕǰеĵ׸ǰȫģвٹ±ĸѧĲѧĲû, ЩǶ˵׸, ¥ſڻ˱أ
֮ǰҲֻ֪ѧĲ࣬ЩûҲǲ֪, ڵλȥĵ׸Ѳȫ赽ѧͶʱλ׸Ȼ𾴡
ڹŴ, ٺ󵫷Ǯ, õظһݼҵ, ˶ϲ顣
ŴǿҺ񴫼ʫ, ҲǸµһݼҵڽͨỷ, ЩܶʱóȥܻӣеЩ±˵мˡ
£λ׸Ѳȫѧ, 츣ˣ, ڼм, һʵǲò˾λ׸
ڴһ, 嵱е, һѺ, ͸ųȥˡ
ѧܴ, ɫҲ, ݲݻмɽȣһ·洦ɿ
Щ廹ע⵽˸ѧﻹвѾͺܴѧ, ӿ϶ʮˡЩ֮ͲСһֱڸѧҲǺ͸ѧĹ涨йء
ѧȻÿԺԹֻڱȼѧֻҪѧûпϾ;ͿһֱŸѧݣûִġҵһ˵
ڸѧֻҪѧǴ涨ԺͿѧˣ㲻Ҳûйϵ
ÿܿϾ˵ָ߰˴ζϡ£ΪûпϾˣѾɬˣʡһ㣬´θϿ·ѶòԴ󶼻ѡڸѧѧϰÿ긮ѧﻹᷢЩһЩӡ
ѧǵĽѧˮƽҲܸߣܱȥѧĺá
ڸѧѧܴʮһģҲʮģЩҲѼֲˡ
¥Ϊ¥ڸѧϣЩԶԶȥǿǸ
ǸΪ㣬ŵıǸֲ±鲻ѧȥֻܴ濴ȻҲдȥ
ȥ֮ͳֱӷֿˣȥѰԼȤ顣ȥǶ㣬һϷ˺ܶɷйص飬лŽ곯͢ɷļ¼мרżŴܳߡ
ЩʮָȤɷҪǰɣɡɡɡɡɡɣжЩԴпüֳиĴ⻹˽ʱԺд۶кܴ
ҲЩģÿѧǹѧ鼮ôȫڵȻǼϲѸȤ屾ȫ˳ȥ
ʱҲȥˣԺҲеʱҲؼһʱˡ
ֱӱѡõļ鵽ǸſǱȥǼǣŵʱҪܳһţϾҪġ
ȷҪЩ飿ſǰŵǼ֮ǰʵ
ţ⼸Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼΪֱӵǼǾͺãû뵽ѯʡʱ뵽ѵЩ鲻ÿ𣿱ϾѧﻹвĹ涨Щ鼮Ҳմһ
ûãЦ˵û뵽ѧЩȤҳ⣬ɷЩζ⼸Щѧûмһ屾Щȣողһ¡
ѧҲǾЩԺдҲЩԾȥִ
㵹˵û࿴Щ²֮´ʱȥ¥İ˺ϣŵ˴˵һЩָ壬кܶ඼ǹɷһЩĵſһҲѧ١
׸׵ĲҲٶĸָ壬ڸֲ֮ҵĵ߸ǼǵҲǸţؾͲٲμˣ飬ò׽˸ѧߵ˸ôǼЩ¥ҪˣȻҲзЩָ塣
ʮһ꣬ܿƶϳǽǸСԪİףǸˣϲЩɷĶԸĵˣҲи̾ССͱСԪԾͲһ㡣
ԼЩȤҲ¥ǱָĴڣҲһ
ȻǸмȻֳԸллˣѧм´ʱȥһ
ǼǼǵܿҲ߹ǼǣʱҲֹͣ˻ͷվһ߿ǼǣŸųһȥ
ȥ֮һųһ˵ǸȻһҲģر¥Щ±Ҹոȥʱ޲һֱ濴ȥ
ҲЩѧԨԴģ¥ееϲԼ׸ļֵˡ
ǻȥʱҲѾ磬ʱҲóԷˡҪȻȥ͵˵һͲˣȻȥ
һ˶ȥá
ȥʱҲǲ粻˲࣬ҲԵñȽϰ
ȻҲиﲦĲǲҲ࣬ټǴζҲֻǲòӪǾ⣬һ磬Ҳԡ
еѧĵһ죬ҲδʲôΣаˡ
ողźͳһ⣬һСͯš
С֪ͯСͯѵȵģõıдµ޵顣
ѵǶȥһҲ鷳齻ڿ׼󣬾ֱӵݸߵСͯСͯˡ
ǩˣԺ˲޻ɽˡ
㿪ʼʽڸѧˡ
ѧĶģʽѧȡ߰ơÿλרĶͬиɫԽڵҲͬЩѧԼѡȥλӵĿ ûǿҪ
ĶģʽӦڸѧҲˮˡ
ڹķǶҲǺǳޣһΪʮСԪҲɼʴӱ һֱǸǫѷδԼСС;СԪϲ
ǲԸģ ֻǱƽ˴һ㣬⸮ѧÿнĶԺԵǰҶǴӼǧɱģ֮ľҲ
Ⱥʮ˹ƾһİףԾԼСԪҲûʲôġ
һգѧߵľͤ飬漲˹˷ܵ˵ҸոյϢǸѧҪѧˣ


45 ѧ       ҲЩȣ
ҲЩ, æʵϢģһû˵¡
Ҵ󲮺½֪Щ飬ǴҴ֪ġڻûаȷҲûдϢ
ѧλ壿ʵ
Ǻδ塣Ҵ˵, ΪھƱȽϽ, δʱλ£鴥ŭº, ׸һϵƲ󱻱úδѧʺ, ֱָ, ܰհ, һɵӪ, ű⣬ֻǹȴˡ
˶ٳ˵ӪȺδʱ, ½֪ʦʷгܾܶ࣬ãδʷҲǸмںδչٻ, ᾭǸǣ½֪ʦĹϵ, ͺδ˵˻, δǸѧѧ졣
˵, λδк, ȷǺܸ, ʹڽͨ, Ϣ, ǻСسǵҲ˵λ˵¼
һʼѧʳǺųȴӲǴһڲ֮ɱһ·, ״Ԫι֮ҲξٰĻᣬ֯ѧǸΪƵ֮ʱ硣
ԼǺųװ֮ѣԺδ̰ۼʹޣ£̰ܻߣĹԱضϳͲ
ΪٵΣεݸݸǳ׸ϼңӵܾ׸ϵΪ֮ǰιԱΪԸﳯ׸Դһֻ۱һֻۣǺδ֮󣬼ֱòЩµӵȫ
ʱֵ˾֪Ȼ׸漰ʱҲû׷׸μҲ£׸׻澡ʧҲ˺˺δ壬ںδ崥ŭ˱֮ƲҪݺδء
£δ廹˲ʵ£ʵ°յƣһΪֹϧȨ󣬵һ֮Уܴ󣬴֮෽Ӫȵľٶ֮оͿɼһߡ
λδҲǼȾֺ棬Ҳüһºδķɣڶνѧʮڴ
պ󣬺δ½֪֮ͬ£˸ѧ֮нѧʮһŵѮݣҲΪѧȡˣѧȴûһѧԹϾδǽѧֱǿ£ˣݼʲôأ
ǽ¥У潲ѧ̨ûվˣطǼεѧѧѧȫˣе˼ɴͰ˸ſڴ
ͳΪһʼؾ֪Ϣȥ˵ǽ¥ռǰλãűҲλӵľ
Щѧڵǽ¥ûжãδˣԱ߻½֪͸ѧĽڣͣһº˵Щʲôδ̨ˡ
δʹԼʮңһɫ滹һɴλÿȥϡɼͷϺڷ֮мӵư׷̬·ȴȽԿδ״ǲġ
δǰھǰ콲ѧʱ򣬶뾭飬ɽѧģοǵѧｲѧöǴʿӣνѧ㶨ԾΪģѡһؽ⣬жǽԼ⣬ץסе˼д¡
ѧǺʱϳĻһϢ˰ʱʱ򣬽ѧһֱڼкܶûмֻѧΪ˿Խλãûȥԣרŵ˳£ҲԼȥһˣλþûˣҲӲǲԷˮš
ⶼЩƣҲûһѧþ뵡Ǵ˯ģҷ׷Ǹ˼Ѫһ۷ŹźδĽѧ˸÷ɿٱ߼ǣëֽӳ˲Ӱ
δȥ÷İʱ⣬ʱվ̨ϣȿˮĹûУһ̲ͣڽѧҲǸܲƣƵġ
ķΧ£һ콲ѧԲĽˣδ彲ʮּѧҲʮԡ
ѧգڶջҪһսѧ󣬺δˡҵһͨ׵˵д룬ɣ֤ţҲʲôʣʲôĵᣬдʱȥ֮󣬻ݣµսѧݣ۷ԡ
дǹڡѧĸ⣬ǼңΪУ˼·˳һд˳˸ȡѵ
֮͸Ͻʰ˶׼ȥԷһֱ˵ǵˮδδ彲ѧʱ򣬵ȷ˼
ˣһиܵ˶ӿտգĸоһ̶ڶֻŸϿȥЩ
ȥ÷ˣѧҲ¸ϢϢóԷĳԷȥˣʱѧķȴʼæµ
ѧԺѧкüˣδȻһҲһһֻѧķȴһЩдĲɺδԹĿսѧĿ⡣
ѧĶӶЩӡ󣬿ǷݵʱͶ࿴˼ۣдĵȷãԾͺȻİһ˳ͬϸѡһ͵ĺδϡ
գΪȥûλãǱƽһʱѧʱѾҪʮˣѾ嵽˵ǽ¥ʱ컹Щδʱ棬Ǻġ
Ǿǽ¥лǿҪأֻʣһЩλʱû˳Ҳռһλ
ûһҴҽˣҲһӦЩλû˵
λǰأΪ˻ û뵽ȻѾô˵ˡ֮˵
ֻΪǺδѧտǼˣΪλãȻҶҪһЩˡҲص
Ϊ̫磬ʱδ廹ûеԴѧӶóһȻǺܶ࣬ȴ㰲
ҲǶǰմӿǸ¥ܳ׸ָ壬ʱҲúܿ죬֪Ѿ˳ʱ ҲߵңλѵʱȻˡ
δ彲ѧҲѵһ˸ѧﻹѧҲһвҵѵҪҪ
ѵ±˽ڣˣ׼Ͼ½֪δ屾Ϊ˱ѧ룬Щ䲻ǸѧҲӦǽһ£ҲܻݼѧӣһҲЩ˿ǲȫˣû뵽ѧӡ
ýδ廹ٽһ죬ֲ
ֻǷŸѧӽѧ˿϶Ƕһǽ¥ȻǵطЩСˣôˣںͼλѵѽѧصѧɽǱ ǱߵĿյرȽϴ󣬿еˡ
ʱҪѧæһˣȥЩεʵǱȥλѵŻ
㣬ÿ˶Ҫӻߵӣûȥ¥ȥ һᣬδҪˣѧҪʼˡѵ
Ҳûϵ£֪ϾͲôռλˣܶ˯ʱһֱæܳ¥ĺ¥飬׼øʻɼĹȥһֱ˯ĺ
ѵѾˣҲֻܸϽȥεʣ֮ռ˸мδ彲ѧĵطȽϽλ͵źδˡ
ʱ򣬸ѧѧҲѰ಻סһŸѧĴŷſ󣬱ȫӿ˽ ָܿҵ˽ѧĵطºѧѧһźδʼѧ
ûȶãδһ¹ˣЩ±ɸѡսġġ
δм̨Ϻ˵˼⻰ 㿪ʼ˽յĽѧ
ֻһУһű㿪ʼΪ£֮Ҳ鲻Ӧ£ҲҲ
δһʱ򣬾ͷӦˣȥƪ¡


46    ʱЩңá
ʱЩ, ʱûддȥܣڴǰȫѧǰˡ
ƪڡѧд쳣ʣı, , ɼǰⱾ͸ˣλѧ³ʱѧĿ, ʮ˳֡
źδĿ佱ɫֻճ, ûʲô仯ҿδûֱ˵ƪ, Ȼʱȫˡ徲һѧ, һֱ˶ſ, ͷ
ֻǣǲʲôʲô, һ룬δ㵽֡ˣ㲻ͷҲӲͷƤվ
ѧڡδ㵽ֺ, վδ幰ص
δվ֮Ҳû뵽һƪȻһʮС֮, ҲòλСʵǲ, ʴӱȻС, ȴȴĶĺá
δ庰дµѧֻΪ˱һ, , , δȴҪ˼
Ǻδҹƪ, Կԡѧ̶ȣҲ㼸ѧɣЩҲͲˡ
и̾, ȻŴʦΣıǿУѧˣǱԼѧ֮ķʽǿһѧѧˡ
úδ忼Уָ㣬Ҳһ£ٴγźδ幰񣬲˵У
δʵзƺԻֹƣ
±ָ˵Уһ¸¼Ҳڿδֹߣͽ켫֮Ҳˡѧּ֮Ҳ
Ļش𣬺δǼ־ϲȻǶش⣬Ȼ׳һ⣺ֹں֮ζ֪Ҳ
ʱϵѧӶڶͺδ壬۾Ƕ˵һһʱ򣬴ѧҲڤ˼룬ôش𣬲˶ΪһѺϾոǸӼϬⱾʣЩԻشкܶѧ˼·Уͻû뵽
оȻûбסд˸壬֯һ´ǣȻ󿪿ڲŻصҰۣƼƮߣֹޣˣʹֹ֪ҲȻֹ֮ߣƶѡȻֹңֹ֪֮ߣһɣΩѧʲϰ֮٭Ȼɡ
̫󣬵ҧУڳĵ˼ʱ򣬰һֻϣδҲĵ˵ͷϸһƬȲʡ
ò˵̶̵ʱ˼·ûȴ˼·޵ĻشʵǲŻ磬ʵҲò
֮ǰȻԺ԰ףСԪǻݸѧУ֮ǰв˶Ǵֻ˵״̬վǰ֪Ժסѧ֮еʦǣҲǸƾԺеٮٮߣҲȻҲûжӹע
ǾһºڳǸѧ֮ڻǸѧ֮ѧǣȫʶôһˣʱѧԭûжӹעʦǣҲʼ
ΪʱޣҪŽѧԾͺδֻǶ˵˼֮
֮󣬱뵽ԼԺֵˣÿ춼вд⡣֮ǰѧһʦ֣ʮֳѧķˣի泣ȥ⡣ǸϲֵӣԺҲҪĻһλãٶҪͷˡԺ취Щ顣
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬Ĵ󲿷Ƿ˺δĽѧϣδ
δ͸ոչ˽ôۣվ˵Լ뷨ҡ
ƪ֮⣬δ˼ƪ£Ǽλ֮ĻشȻû徫ʣҲȦɵˣҲŷ֮̾һʱҲ֮ǰĹҲڸȥһ㣬Դּɡ
νѧֱɫʱŽһѧҲδĽѧδΪг̵ԭҲڸǶһѧӵԸҲֻˡ
ϻȥ극֮˽һСʱ裬Ȼ䣬ݵʱˬ滺񾭡
֮ͷ˸֮鷿ʼֽϼ콲ѧݡ
ȻʻѾֿˣǻǾϵʱԼӲ¥ҵ鼮ܳһݼĸǣԼܳʱҲ൱ټһ飬һá
νѧֽϼ£һʽݺ屾ȥģǿһԵĹϷһţȥˣſŲһźټ顣
ƽʱյʻɵż⣬ŶǺģƽʱţŵϣϻٿ
ųǹ壬עʳ֮⣬ĶǺ彲иӵ߶飬ҲڶǱߵһĨڣʲô֪
Ų𿪣忴ֻǿźʵЩ䡣
ȻǱ߿칤ֻŮΪ˱˽Сӻи𡣵ȷһʼʱΪسȻӵԹǱҲܷģҲûʲôԷﴫ
Щ뿪ﵽŮÿ´ӻؼңҲͦˣڼҲ˵ϻˣЩɷҲ˶Щ
ֻҲˣЩΪֹûȥĸˣЩȥ˵ˣû˴ǮҼҲôãԴ˼Թ֮ģƲסԼʼɢЩҥԣЩȥĸˣ²ܻؼ죬ƽʱסǣҲ֪ǲ˹ˣǹҲȥ˭֪Щʲô
һʼֻСΧĴţǺһЩӸ˵ƲҥңеĸΪЩҥԣסѹֻôǹ
һЩ˼ȻһʼҲԼټÿ»ӣԴҲû̫⣬ֻǺ̬ķչЩһţʶ˻٩ǵǱߵĹǴñˣһˣЩ˲Լ޹⣬ҲʼЩ
һʱЩͣͣÿ춼дǹġҲʮżȻ˸ʾȥ壬Ч΢
ʱ򺣲ҲȸڸǶүȥţʰ취ֵүҲûүգ˶飬һֱٳûоں¶׼ȥŵʱ֪ش˳ˣ¡
˵һ۵ĹͣǸ֮ǰ֪شܹȣ۲Ϊһӣ£ЩԣͶұͰ¼װشǰ˼Ρ
֪شǶʱƽΪô񣬺ٳȥҲ֪¡֪֮
һʮεģ֪Сǿȫϴκ칤ʱҲ¶Ǻˣ֪ؾĹ鷢
ѾݱغˣճҲܵӰ졣
ĺˣܸЩŮӼͥһԴ˱صķչ˰գô֪˵ҲһЩһٶõ£ΪЩԶþ棬֪ҲǲԸġ
֪ǴżҾȥһ֮ſרΪ˸ʾԺٴԣġ
֪طһĸ٣ȨͦģΪǱҲȷٴˡ
ʱ򣬺Ҳ˷ųϢ˵Ժ˭ŵģʱɼŮȥվڴۿҲͨ籨ŵģֻÿνȥһαҪʮǮҿϳȥöҲΪδ˽ȥʵǹ鷳ǲĻԺ˽ŮӵĽڣй䡣
ȻЩ˽ȻǲĻй¶ĻˣΪ˱Ƚϸӵ򣬾˶֪Լһ֮󣬻͵һмӹ˳ΡһЩֻվڹۿһµ˾ʲô˼ҲʲôõϢ
ˣдŰ֮ǰЩʵ㱨塣
ʵû뵽Щ빤ĸ˻СȻǵɷˣǺǰͬͬϡ˵Ů˺αΪŮˣʵ벻֮ͨ󣬶ЩԵĸ˵ʲôô
ѵΪһ㼵֮



47 ż       룬ǡ
, İɣɿأ
ȻѾˣܹǻЩġֻͨдǱϵЩ, ֽﵽ׻˵ġ
, ҲҪʮˣ˵, ¸ѧӦҲ÷żˣѧȥڡĻ, 廹Իȥ֮Ϊ³ﻮһ
ѧ, ںδ彲ѧȥ, ҲָյĽ, Ҹ÷żٵķż٣öĶ, ٴλع鵽ǰѧϰС
ʱĿɲǰݵ
׻˵ĺã³׳ʱڽѧ֮ʱĵ»ǷˡȻѧС, ֻԴڽѧ֮ʱŷ֮󣬴Ҳ׷׶, κᱻ̻, ǰͳ, Ҳ˽Ժ, Ҳ½ӭ˲ٵİݷ֮ˡ
״, һλ, Ǵ֮, ͸оԼԲˡʵǶճ˲СӰ죬Ϊ˱ÿοκ󶼱סЩʦ£ÿϿεʱ򶼻һŵλ, Ȼһ¿Σʰö첽߳ȥҲЩµ˲òϢģȴ´ʱ̡
֪Լһ˱쳵ĵճżҲͳ󲢼ȽϤһ£һֻǶһȺİÿ춼Ҫ£ЩȤǷꡣ
ã¹ȥˣϵȶҲȥҲϤһ¿α㲻ӰϰߣĿվת֮ǰѧĸϣϾ壬ǶвԼ£еΪٵģ÷ꡣ
ҲĽѧת˸飬ҵ˺ܶƫƧľɫһ˰˼ĵطÿչҲǳʵ
ʱҲ˷żٵʱˣа¾Ҫˡ
Ƿż٣ǾִѧҵкҵҲšҵǸǲ˲ٹΣǻȥ
ЩѧǳЩΪʹˣҿź󣬱Ҫӵˣ˶ѹɣʱɷġ
ǿɲ ȻʱԼĹϱдһƨͨǿɾǼˣԺ϶̧֮ͬͷġ
ȥ֮ס˼µӴһ Լʰ׼ȥˡ
ҪȥϢҲǺܾȵģΪλȥϲϹأû뵽ѧѧǷŵô硣
мС ˾ȸǾϲˡ
ȻǱǷֵĶ࣬ƽȥѧ飬ڼҵʱҲڸйֵģȻÿڼҲǻĵġ
ǶЩС˵ǻǺİģԶǶǰϤⱲΪүҪƾٿԣȻţҪ飬ҲŸţһӶ߳أطһ
ǵ˸⣬տʼȷҲǾһжʣǺϲģǵʸȥǽеһС
ÿ첻֪ԼʲôүҲֻϺʮһݵļղŻ֮ǳ˰үж׼󣬾ûˡ̫ʵʵЩ
ȻĦǵǴĦˣҲֻǻ룬Ҳһˣ꣬ǱߵĹӯӪʱҲҪڸҴ˺ˣʱ򣬳壬ЩСҲ϶æµ
֮ٴλصء֮ڼϢһ죬һЩƷȥðݷ֪ˡ
֮ǰǸ¼֪վ˸ʾڸſڣרЩԵˣЩʮָмһ岻ô˵ȥ԰ݷøлһ֪ˡ
ƽʱ˻صǸѾεˣߵſ û˵㱻ſڵֵ˳
Ǽ壬û˵ֱ˵ԭˣһ£Ͼͽȥ֪ͨشˡ
ȻΣ֪ضǳҲδͨװ˷ŽȥֻȰ棬ȥͨ
ܿǸȥ۾ͳˣܻ߸˵ȥɣ˾ƫء


48    ֪ذЩ˵
֪ذЩ˵, Ҳʹ֪زƽռ顣Ҳж֪ظӸм
ǿڵôҲΪˣôƽϢ, ѧԴ˻Ǻܸмġ
˵º, شѯһȥ˸ѧǱߵһһ
شڸѧǱߵ֮, Ǹˣͺ޲ԸϽ, ³ǸԪ, Ҳй, Ժְؾ, ԸͬҫԼ³˸Ԫأ
Ҳֻ룬δ˵, øѹֻǵţ, ԺҪȥĪҪԼʡǶ, ԺҪٵ, Ǳ߹»ҪٷһЩȥ, ҪҪעŵǡ
ȻԼѾԷһЩЩ, ӰԼѧҵ, Ͼһ, ƽʱ, Ҳⷴ˳֪صĻشѧǡ
֪һᣬŴ, ֮ǰָ֮ǰƷѧ³ѧ˷˼鲻ͬζģ˲Ҫ
ʲô𣿡֪ʵ
彨Ĺڸտʼֻģһ򵥣Ҳһ;һЩʮǮһ飬Ҳ
ԴӷרſһΪʮǮһ飬úܾãسİնһ飬ɱƽõԷˡԴӿʼǴڹӦ״̬ÿ춼Ǹմӹ͵ߵȻϾͱˡ
֪ҲùˣоʵǲʱϴȻҲΪڹŴûʲôӼкʣԵʱ֮ǰϴ£ϴϴϴ趼ԣ֪ϴϴҲͲΪˡ
֪˵еˡڵķһζǲ֪ôġ
ǰķΪҪǹյģϼЩ̫£ǮȽϱˣҲʮǮһ飬Ҳ𡣵ϾͱȷˣʽҲȽ϶ˣмϵģҲм¶ģζҲк֣ܶú趹Ӳ࣬趹ʵظãҼǮҲԱһЩҲ֮ˡ
Ȼ͹ˣһһģҲΪԭϰЩҪûһЩȽǮ˼ˣʱ϶ҲǵڲƳԭ
֪Ľ֮Ҳˣһ˵ⶫȷǲġȻҲõ趹ӣҲжģҶãֻʵǰˣڼÿǮֵٺ»ˣٺ»ƽҲ֧֣Բõˡ
͸ˣ
򵥽һ͸뿪ˡ뿪֪֮ذѹϽ꣬ȻĶͻص˺Ժ
صԺ֪֮شЩϵ֮󣬾Ϳһÿһ鶼ֽϸϸذ
滹һӣԼĪôŵǾӡ
ⶫߵǾƷ·ߣҹ󣬶ұΪʽֲһΪķѵĴӣԶһƴ͵ҪˣǱЩСӻиǷЩСһľΪ٣רżǮʽġ
֪صķȻϲģҲһ飬Է֮У֪ȻҲǿ˵ġ
ѾСĵķ˻ȥõһߣ֪һţǹζģζŨȴֲ̱ǣǡôٿ棬žµĻƣϸһǹ𻨵ӡ
жʮң֪ۺӣﰵԸ̾ѧÿ͵Ķ͵Ŀϣϴ͵ƿѾƣʮϲ֮ȥѰأ
еãҲʮѮˣаҲ͹ˣ֪ľз˽ȥ÷͵Ǳߡǰٵʱ궼ȥÿĶҲƽЩðЩͻȥҲһء
һ͵ĸǣһ־͵ֳǱߣͬţʼȥһЩ͹ȥ
֪ظɴȥơơѾơ׾ƻ̲ȫ˲٣ʱһͻȥЩҲ״ŵģֻҪ·עһС
Ѿڳ۵ķϰٿȥʱǱߵĸҲϸһġΪЩʮ飬øЩŮǣҲ˸ˡ
Ǳ߷̣֪ȥ죬պѾ˹ˣֻδʼñǳȵСۼ⿴ˣ֮£֪Ǹ֪ȵģҲǰ
С˻ȥȻǱ֪ڸ֮£ӡʱ֪ðѸе͸Щͬŵһʱ˳ȥ
֮ת֮䣬͵꣬ǱҲ׼˺ü˳ȥһ͸Ǳ߽ڽʦֵģʱ͵ˡ
Ǳ֪صıظһɻЦŮ̫̫˵Цʱ򣬸պѾ߹صǱְĶү͵ˡ
̫̫Ц˵͵ĲЩҪˡȥҿ
ʱүķҲЦ˵үΪ٣ЩسĶûǾǺõġҲΪһֱ̫̫ÿĶǶõġ
ʱŮҲԱЦ
̫̫񵥣Ѿƣ׾ƣơƣӣ̲ۡǰĶǾƣȻǸơûҲû⣬ֻ̫̫ҲЩ˵ļȥѶү⼸ù
ŮҲ̫̫һ棬͵ҲһͬΧȥ
󣬴ǰ̫̫Ѷ𿪣ŵ̫̫ǰ
̫̫ǰĶǴһľУһ򿪾ͱסˡ̫̫Ҳǻ˼ʮˣʲôûʱ⾵ӣҲʮ𺳡ȣֱͭûȣǾõǰһգ쳣ÿһƶɼ
̫̫ѾӵݸԱߵϣһգҲ˲ǾΪˣϲŮ䣬ǰģⶫִĸŮ˰ﲻһءʱŮˣҲ׷Χգûһµġ
ʱЩûһȥʵģȫžš
̫̫ˣҲЦ˵棬ʮӣǿǱߵĺӣӦûС
̫̫󣬴ҷ׷ǰְ˽ŵĴʣµĺӣһӣֱ֪֡ȥεʱŮӣվŵŮһδ޵Ůֻϱˣһӻʣºüأʱóȥأ
ضҲϵŮžӣ̵뵽Ĳ軰ϣǴȥ϶СеĽ㣬κôԼͷ


49 軰       ϡ⾵ӡ
ϡ⾵Ӻ, ˼ʣµļ
ȻҲܵڳĸŮϲ̲ۣһʼû̫, ֻǿô˳, Ҳ̲۶˼˼ȥ
֪صķҲǾֵģЩʶôʹáôʳ, һһдһ档ʱ, Ҳ, ǾѾȥ̲۰ֽд, ȥ˶˹
̲ȻıȽϺú, ̲ζ֮ҲԶէһ, ˷׷׷ˡʱ򣬴Ҷڸ̾үͻڲͬ, ˼ϲ
̫̫ôϲҲԴһ, ôҰЩȥŮһϲ, æл̫̫, ȻſֵǽŴ˵η䡣
ʱյ͵ĽڽڼŽͺ÷, Ӹ鼫áʱ˵ǱߵǸʦʱ, Ҳһ, Ȼû뵽ʦܻ˰ù, 㿴һ۾͵ⷿ
ȥľù룬Ȼ⾵ӷ֮Уضʲô֮, ùǺõĻ͸ˣġ
ӹžӵĺӣ򿪣۵ʱҲʵˣ˳ְӵݸԵӣȻϲˣʵǱǷеͭöˣ÷˼ûУֻһžϸϸš
ʱ֪յĹȥĸλͬҲֻŮ죬Ǹϲ־ƣ֪ضǼ־Ƶϣ㿪һƿȵһڵʱ򣬱ȳеĲͬ
Ǹ̾ؿ˲˼ˣƿ϶Ѱ˵ͷ˴󹦷ŵõġʱǺһ㣬ʣµıȥƽˣΪ϶Ǻһһ㣬֪ûдء
Ȼǲ뵽Щ֪ڵһġ
󣬴ڿʼ׷ѣμˡ
ʱھǺֿһׯһȺδСڲμɺֿٰĲ軰ᡣ
ضӵļȺСֻ˵еȣҲһͻκȴһ򲻶Ըÿζ˶ụǺ
ضÿγǰʢװ磬һǲ֮жΪѹκһͷ
γ֮ǰѶĻľӴϡΪʮУгж̱̱ССһǳЯڼֻһδСӣ׾ͷֵδıǶ̱
ضεŴȻѾǾϸѡǻǱκѹһͷ˵ĳ˿˶κ°ɫѹ˹ȥ
ȻҲΪҺ϶ǣϵϣǶõ ڳѹȥ
ʱвСΧκߣѯ·Ķġ
κӰͷƲ˵ҴڽǱ ϵĶǴרżĹ Ȼü˶ ϾǱߺöǾҲضˡ
ʱתǱûΧضӣض˵֪Ǹһʲô  Ҽǲ˵ط֪صĶиʲô𣿡
ضһ⻰屾ҲڽǱ֪ģκҴöֻȥһСط֪أЩżӴģԭҲ˿֪ⲻκӲ˳ۡ
ʱκӣ˵ҶεǸطȻûʲôöӣҲԼĻЩöġˣ˵ˣͷЩˣžһ
ΪҪȥΪһû˻С̫ͭСҲղʱҲֻȥׯ᷿ȥһͷǱ߲дͭκҲΪضΪ˱ܿԼҪҽߵġ
ʱضӲûߣǴóһʱһվضСӾȵؽгҲ׷Χ˹ȥ
ôôҲ̫ˣһС˵
Ҷ⾵סˣոջκߴѵ˲䶼ܵض
ضӼ״󷽵˵Уȥһɣˤˡ
ʱСﴫȥ еСΪһһԱߵ˳
ʱҲԶĿ ȻҲǾġ
ضţԼ͸Ҳ޷ ܽء
Ǿ͵Ҳ͵ Ҳûˣϲ뿤ˡ
ֿȻϲģƴǣֲֵסеϲˣЦŵǵȻضٶһᣬҲвٺÿΣҲûϲģ͵ҵˡ
ţлˡ
֮ʱ䣬ضһֱںֿߣȻǰͽϿˣ˶룬رκӣҪֽˣĲС
Ҳû취˭ضŪ˸ⶫ  ȥвСȥǾģֻʲôûд
ضҲڼоٰ˲軰ỹó̲۸Ʒ󻹽ڳ֡
ΪЩС죬ضȻ͸Щĵõġ
ȥһ˶Ǳ߸ȥƱҪϼҪĶ
ֿˣΪضº󣬸֪˺ֿĵõģͳˡŶüӺ͸̫أ
ʱڹǱأżյһʱ䣬ѹߵһ¡


50 Ľ       ֮ǰߵȻ
֮ǰߵȻѾҥ, ǵ׻ŮһʱûˣΪη֮ǰ, ʹѾƽϢ, ǲڵҲЩ, ÿ֮ǰҲ˲١
Ȼ̲۵ʳƷʡǱ, ЩŮǳЩ
Ľһ¹, ȻЩӹ, ӵͱŮӴ, Ϳ԰ԭڷӳǱŮʳƷǱȥ
ڽʱ򣬷ЩĳЩʳƷȽԶ, ڸĽҲ£ֻҪڹ潨ǽͿˣͿԽŮ뿪
, йʱ򣬿һЩ, һ, ȿԱһЩ, ֿ÷ž, һ¼˼, ˸顣Ȼʱ, ԭеЩмҵŮҲǵɷ, Ǳ߷ƵҪ˲١
֮ǰһʱ䣬ΪûȷصİնЩԲûȫ, кܶ豸 ľʹһЩطڿţʱ豸ȥģ
ÿչĸֶǹӦ״̬һʼᱻ⡣
ʱٶһЩ֣ 
ҪһЩޣҲ÷ʩЩӽӴСӺ͸ˣ
רŰѹһǵᶨΪᡱȻһͨȥȻȫŵСӡ
ܵ˵ǰѹΪ뿪ļᶼÿ֮ڡȻҲǲһģŮ෴ķЩʳƷĸˣҪȥɷžۣһסĻҲֻܴͨĳڳȥӾԽ 
һסڡᡱ˾ͺڼǱߵҲ࣬һסż˼ңһסż˼ҡ
Ůף御ΪǶﻮ ԸΪֻۡǻ˵ΣǻһЩгðľܵΪŮṩһЩͬʱά
κʱЦƶЦ潵ģ˶߹ÿ׬õĴӣǻἵʣ˵Ự˼϶ԼβҲȥ
ĽʮףֻǶǽò˶ʱ ϶ȥѧ֮ǰɡ
滹ǵķޣϴ˺ӣûŮĻ
£޶˶һ²ܻؼһ죬 ЩΪŴġضͯҲ岻뿴ġ
ޣֻܿһĶֵأǲˣҪã̫ȱ
ڹǱһжÿǱ߿ˣ廹ЩһЩ֣ѧһЩҲҷӣҪ徭˻Ǻܺҵġ
Ҳ̫ӣ˵ǾţһëѣǶЩ˵Ըıһ
Ϊڴܳسʶֵ˶࣬˵Ĵˡϻϸ֣سҹʮˣ˷
˵̫Ҳ ˵ʥҲգֻԼΧ֮ڣԼΪӦðˡ
ɲؿЩﻹии˹ǮѾܸˣĸطҲûôõ˵ڻ˽Щʶˡ
ͲĴܳˣһִ˶ʮȽĻѬյ»ꡣܳı䲻ʱһЩ˼룬ҲܱͬΪ߸ϵĵһˣԹ͹а
ҪһЩδ£һŲԽһ⡣
֮йʱ˵ЩЩηԹ˳ˣ˲ģϽϾȥдãܴźȥǰЩԿ϶Ѩ磬ûеˡ
ѺӷߣԺһʶأĺ£ҪǲϽץסˣǾɵˡȻЩǺˣ
ƻЩ֮뵽һЩ顣
֮ǰ幤ĶԼ۸¥һЩ̣ǽж
ֻЧ޵ģس˵󲻴󣬵˵СҲС¥ֻǼңҴӹҲǾˮ̲۵ȳʳҲһЩֻԼ
سĸ̻о¥ʵڲ࣬˿ΪЩĵط̫ԶܶʱǺܳʱŻȥһΣʮֲ㡣ȻҲЩӰ졣
㣬ȡִģʽմӹǱÿȻһִ߽ҲԾͷڼСӵΧ
൱ڶ㣬úܶ߳ûͿȥ幤ĸֶ
һڹЩİ˵˫Ӯˡ۷ΧЩİҲһ档


51        Щƻƶ
Щƻ, ƶ֮ͽ˳
˱Ǽǩˣɵһӵ£, Ҳ, ؼģԾͰĸ, ȡտԶһ棬кܶ鶼ɸȥ, ֡
Ҳǲ, 鶼Ư, Ҳúӷ, ﻹţȥĻ, ϲһ꣬ȫĴˡ
ǸʱͿȰߵ齻, ȻԼȥү飬չү, үڸѧǱ߶, ֻһõ, Ҳǲġ
֮ǰһֱǸڹܼҺ, λǵһֱӵԼүǰ, ӵүķԸ, Ǵʮ־, һҪ°ãүǰúñһǡ
ȥǱߺһæ¶Ҫ, ɵʮ־ġ
Ϊ廹˳ȥ˵Ժκ˶ȥǱ߽ȻԼȥһлеǮİǣŸôٱǮٶ
ЩͨգسҲŷ
֮ǰ幤ĸǹֱģ඼ֱԼЩ˻Ϊ¢⣬ҲûûȤ ˵ҪһǣѻҲǣֻû뵽ھȻȥû
Ļǻһ
ȻǴ⹤õسسԺڱ ȥسǸԶĵطֻҪת֣ܿ׬
Ͼǲòϣ忪жʮϡģܳӦöǶһݡһóȥ˷
ȻǴߴˣһҪسĵطҲһЩ˼ĸʾñصͨմһЩسҲȷЩ˴û̻᲻ᱻͬ⡣
Ϊ˰գвҲˣҲǴˣȻͰǰϢ
ȸûȻЩʱپ¡
߰սʱõĶǷ̲ۣΪǱˣһñ棬ЩơƵȣǮһ㣬˺ѡ⼸ġ
ǱյϢҲãҲԼȥس֮ˣֱӴЩ׬Ǯˡ
˵ʧ棬ϾĸطϡΪ󣬿϶ܶ׬Ǯ
ôʡ鷳Լڶȥ¡з һҲ൱һȥЩ˵˺ãԺҲǻ˺ܶ ۺôһ̯һЩõ
ŵڶҪȥЩ̸һЩڳﶫ£ǰ׼кһЩҪĵ㣬ʱЩ̸һ
գȥ֪Щ˽Ҫȥ̸ĵص㡣
ѡһݣռʮ̸ְ⡣
յЩϢ˺ܿҲʹҴææĵ ûһģΪ˭ñ˰ˡ
ʱȻʮ꣬ڳûһӡ˵ʮ˴һݼҵ˵źСԪͷˣӷ
˼µ¥ãſʼ˵
Ҫ㡣
һ㣬Щ˵ýǮ屶ϣ屶ֹ߽ͣ ǷΪٱĻ´ʱ򣬼ǮŻݡ
һ˰ѼǮ̫ߣֿǵЩ·ʱҲҪѲ٣Ҳ׬̫٣˼ǰ󣬲Ŷ屶һ֡
һ꣬ȻЩ⣬屶ҲܽܣгȥЩȽϱ˵Ķӻи־ƾֻܷ屶Ҳ׬Ǯ
Ƿ׷׵ͷӦ
ʱ˦ڶ㣬ڶϣλ֮ʱسǣܽʶسǵˣ鷳ҸǣǺҲڵؽʱǱߵصⶼǸ𣬸ֶӵʱҲ½ȥԸ˿һ
˻һ˳׾ˣû뵽ҪطҲӶҪȥҪǻǾԻ𵰵ĸ߬ţôȥأ
һԺЩȥʱ򣬾ͻɥʧƣϾǾ仰ϡΪ󣬵ҲˣǵĶҲͲϡˡ
忴˼۵ɫı飬ֵǴȥسϵǱߵ˵ģֻЩ㣬ټѧҵأһֱûڳڹǱҲˣԺҲ˳ȥˣȻʱһ㡣
˶٣ֵǸλܹܽһˣԺǮɣȻҲ뿪칤ģҲǻӭģѾҽһˣ뽨ֻܵ ʱĶڲĲƱػʧ
Уһλ˸ۺЩ뷨˶ûпǼ¡һѵӿɲǸСĿǻʵʵӳûɣȻǮͱһɰ롣
˵ǰѽ͸¶سǵ£һ£־ǲߵصˣǴЩ涫ЩҲԼ֪¡
һЩˣЩʱǻܵõһЩôءߣǱ߾ҪҲø꣬ǻܳʱЩسǶһЩأ֮Ǳسǳˣٵطˡ
ʱ˾ѾעҪӦˣǩ飬ҲЩǩ֮ûȥ̣׬һʣõˡ
ʱͻȻиɻʵҲЩʣүΪԸЩֳȥҲԼȥؽѽһȻ鷳Щɶеģ˵Ҫѷˡ
ˣȻҲǶдʵġ
ЦЦոλҲ˵ˣ鷳ЩҾΪ鷳Ҫֳȥġڴ˵Щ鷳ȷʲô⣬ֻҪԺһЩ˼СǶңһ־ڴˣԸΪ˶˼֮ǰеҲǽɹܼҴģԺ󣬻Ҫȥ߿Ҳʵ̫٣̫󣬶˵Ҳһ
ⷬͺҲʾ⣬үСԪԺ϶ҪȥٵģЩ϶㲻ʲôˡ


52    һ̸֮󡭡
һ̸֮, Щǩ飬ȻŸȥ
˼գ忼ǵٹҪȥѧ, Ǵ겻û, ʹŻδߣȥɻǾһ 
֮ǰڸѧʱ, ҲдźǽǱȲϼһ, һԶٷ, һһú, ֮ĸ鲻, 岻ԺΪʱ仹о룬ǽнԶ
Լʱ, ʺɸպöʱ䡣Ǵǰһ۵ģʱʻŷǶ飬ڵѧҲδݼ, ҲͲ֮ˣȻϵڡ
, ˼֮, һЦ, ֮ǰ, ˿ûб仯
֮ǰɶлżĹЩ»鼮, ҲǾѧһЩ黹зҲ͸, , ѣҲͲԼҲѧѧˡʸ˵˵
һŬдЩ³ʱ, ܶ༸ְգʱҲѧ߸ѧɲǸãʱܽȥ⿴ˡ
ʴ֪ԼˮƽģҪллˣҲǲҶҪȥΣ꿼оͺֱ꣬ΪֹҲ븮ѧѧ
֮һ˸֮Ǽ˺üʱֱɫЩˣ˲׼ɢȥ
˻ʱɶԼˡ
ãԼʱˣҲÿסǡ˵
УǾǰ˵лˣ˵꣬ʱʵǲˣź˵ˣڴҲڷֿˡ
ȥ֮ʱ仹磬дһƪۣȻԼ޸ģֱҲҲȱ©ܳһ飬ԼС֮С
ڼÿ첻ܶæдһƪ£ɹҲ쳣ģԼøˡ뿪ѧһ£ЩӦˣѧѧϰΧ쳣Ũڼһ£ȴǵȷЩиˡ
ڶգ鷿ﰲĿӸѧĲ¥н飬ʱԱߵֽд¼ʣʱҲӭһԾǵˡ
ȥҸסĵطԺٳȥ˵Ǹֱһźɫѵķ糾͵˵
ҲУǶÿ㣬֮ǰ֪һС·ڻô絽ءʱҹЩʱҲᵽˡһ˴
˼ӸĲǮһΪ˰ȫһ·ϹҲʵˣֱȥõĿջԾǵ˵õĿջҲһ㡣
ֻƹǱ߹ȥʱǶ˷֣Աߵǽ棬һôľӣȥӣ汻˳
ǶȻûۼ˵ǸӣͨӵҲ֪Ǻƽʱõͭܲһʱ򣬼澵ӣҲֱҪҵĶˡ
ֻҲЩɻ󣬲Ϊʲô˵ǰƴľӣȻľӣҾȻڿջǱΪ⾵һҵأ
ǹ˲ôˣϽǰƹ澵ġ
ƹĿЦ˵ȶλصİɣ⾵ϵﶨƵģس˿Ƕ֪¡
ֻаƴΪ⴦ľ󣿡
Ҳ˵ǶƵֻڷŸСӣĴӣֻҪǰͻ˵ЩǮܶˣ澵ӿǻ˰ʮӵġԴҶӷڴУջǱǰ˲أƹ
ҲЩ𾪣û뵽⾵ô׵ãӱΪǸǧӹأ
ʱǰȼջ͸ϽȥǸϵˡ
֮ǸǽȥֱûƸǰ˶ٱƴСӣҲŻİǽƶ˼ֿջеĴӣǴӿ㹻ˡ
ʱһŮ쿴ӸʱĲأ󻹶ָǼãֻǽһҪ򵽡
ڵ￴һȦѯƹڷЩЩ˵ֻҪУӹûҲһЩ
Ƹ˵ЩӵĵطȻֱʵӣһԶһЩСĽֱȥس֮ĹǱߣʱǱ߹µֱӰûʡһЩӡҿ϶ϵķ̲ۻи־ƶȤǱЩȫУ߼ܡ
ˣͰƵָ·ָȥسĹǱߡ
ʱһͣʱǱڵֵСҲֹ쾩Ǳôô࣬ҲֻżܼôԶĵطˣһ֮üѵʲô·


53 Ǯ   ǵȻ
ǵȻҲǺ֮ǰͬԾǵ, ǵĿǺһġ
ȻֿˣֻȻõϢ, ڿ, ҲǵõˣһҲŵ, ƽʱҲǰȣˡ
Ϊ·̫, ·ΪЩ, ٶȽ֮·Щ, ˲, ڲź˲ʱ䵽⡣
ǷôһĿĵҲˣҲ, ȥ˵£Խ֮, ҲǸϽ˸ջȰѶ, ٳȥϢ
سＸÿջһ澵, Ȼûкȥͬһҿջ, ҲǺһ, ͨջƹָ, ҵӵĵط, ȻƵĽ, ҲȥسĹǱߣ֮Ҳһ
Ǳߣϸص, 緢ͻȻһôжصҲܼ򵥣سǵˣССģĸ˲֪ӡЩ£ͨҲЩϢҲ˾֪ˣĸ˲֪ʲô
Ϻˣ֮䣬ȴǶЩ˿Ϥ֮پһ̸Ǳ߸Ӵÿ˵Ĺ£ҲЩݣȵķ֣Щ˾ȻԾǵġ
µҲ룬⼸µʱ䣬߷ӻЩ涫Ѿȥ𣿰˵ЩΪһֱӦʱȥ򻹵Ŷأֻкһֲطȥ
طҲɴ֪״̬ҲΪѶȥصˣΪ٣Ϊ߼ǮѳǾӷǸϡҲûˣȻ˴Ҳ˵ģϾļЩˣò˵һ䣬ʵǿ
صЩϢʵڲͨ
ЩˣеľǾǸˣרΪȣҪŪϼӻЩʲôȥˣеϢͨˣһŵ˷ҲŸ˹ǲһͬص㣬ǾǡǮٵˣҲһǧأ˵ЩӶˣֿǼˣһأ
֮ǰЩ˶ΪЩĶ϶ܹأټϻвҲһˣ϶Ҫʱûǧָò
֮ǲŷ֣Щصĵط˵ǣֻҪмӾͿ򵽣أ
ʱǿʼ˴ֱʵ
̲۳򣬾ҲǵһٱʱӻˣľҲҪƣһľҲŲһأǲ󣬼ֱǰײ˼ۣƽʱһѾ͵üʮЩ˵̫ˣ
ЩơơѾơ׾ƣżȻĵطģǿ϶ҲĶ֮ȻҲò㣬ȻʱûˣȥطˣǵʱһѵͲˡ
ˣ֮߸ֶһͨ󣬽Ӷ˲Ű֡Ϊֳɵģ˶ԾߴûʲôҪԾֱǿľжȴģҲûе̫ʱ䡣
û뵽Щ˱ˣһôֻ࣬ǶЩʱҲ˻ȥǾͺߵĹ߼Ĵһȥ˺ٹЩߡǶҲδ
ˣΪʱԶ߹ۻң˴죬Ҳⲻһײһ顣
ʱ򣬴Һî˾Ƶģƴûһ¡ԱߵĹЦĺͲ£죬ЩɶӰһܶһ¿϶ҲӲٵġЩ˴ֱʵӣԱǸĸǽÿһ
Ϊ֮ǰأһһǧϵˣҪǩ飬Ҳ֮ǰۼЩֳ̻ļ涨
Ϊֱִ̫࣬ټЩԾǣЩ⣬Ϣͱ˺պͳһǩ顣
գЩ˾һ󣬾سһȴǩ顣
ЩУ˿˴ֱֱǧ⣬ȻҲΪĶУЩȾӻЩռñȽ϶࣬ԲŻôӣΪ̫˲ȥǻܽǧУֱıһǮˣǰǧȿǱߵ˻Ҫࡣ
ʱǮЩڣôûжһӹ
ҲΪʱЩټϽױʢˣս⾩Ӵ˽µ⣬ֵЩ˾ﴫϢ˹߿ԭҪǶȥٸ߼ȥ׬Щӡ
ϵߵʱžǱ߻ûзӦûд뾩Ǳߣ룬ʱ϶ܴ׬һʡ˼棬Ҳֻܵȵ´ˣ´ο϶Ųٵľߡ
֮ѯһ󣬱һһǩ飬δǾǵ˱ǷҪʱгЩȵ֮⣬Żؾ߼˽Щʧһ룬ֻ屶Ҳ׬ӣҲǩ飬鲻ǩҲȥ
ֻ֮Ǯ˻
˺˵֪ɷ̸һ⣿
ţʲô⣬˵һҲЩ档
Ժ߽ԸڶһļǮֻϣܴӦԺ󾩳ǱߵĻֻңȻģÿ߽ĻһٵġǮ˵꣬Ϊ϶ᱻӦģһ¢˾Ǳ߹⣬ߵĹҲܶ׬һǮ˫Ӯ¡
˭֪ȴˡҲܴӦˣߣͨնûǱֻ߱һˣȻ˵ˣҲһ׮̸̸
Ǯû뵽·תҲ⵽ʲô⣬ǵ뽲ϴ
װ쳧˵˳ص˵ˣԺӰ֮󣬷ҲǻȥҰ쳧£¢ϵģһطֻܰһ
Ǯֱޱȣû뵽ȻھǱ߰쳧ЩķҲֱδţôûмһҵŶطӣ˺ԸѷȥģһƸȻ˳ȥ
ȷǰ쳧ҲǮȷʡ
ȻʱдֻҪ԰ҪķȻžͰһҪ˵һ顣
ǮˣҪǼ򵥣ҪйʱҲҪŮ׵úܡ
ҽв˲˵ıҲֻһʸңսЩﹻõģҾӪľҲòĸҲܶһѣӶüѡ
£ʱ򹤳úͿЩӽãҲܰǵһѣǮţﵽʱвٻƣЩܸɵġ˲˵ıУߵֻռߵģֻȽŲѣʱЩʡĻƻܰŸЩǻЩǮ
ҵȹú󣬿϶׬ӣһ꽫ǱҲΪ÷ˣ߾׬ҲܽǱ֧Źȥ
ǰΪ͢һֱ䣬ǽǱ߲ľһһ٣ۿҪŲȥˣȫ˽µˡȹúӶˣǱߵĽʿһҲܺùһˡǮ˷ܵš


54 ̸   Ϊҹζ࣬ġ
Ϊҹζ, ѼӷˣǮʮּеҪϽǩ飬鶨, ź÷ġ
Ϊ⽨һ²Щһ, ֱǩˣлкܶطҪ, һʱҲûǩ飬ǮҪһʱ䡣ͬʱ, дŸǱߵ, ˵, Ǳ߸ϽЩƱ
Ǳ, ΪǮǵһҪģҲԴʮ, ȥͰҲ㱨Լү
֪󣬲̾û뵽ߵػûпʼн, Ǳߵǳȿʼˡԭ룬Ǵڻݸسȿʼ, Ȼչط, ھ, ⾵ӷûдȥ, Ǳû˹, ͵ȵȥǿƾٵʱְ¡
Ҳ, ǱϢͨ, ÿ춼дǱȰѹȫŵ, Ȼиģʱƻкܶ
ǾǱߵһ̸ӣǣ㣬طھǰ쳧ûһҲвͨ廹ȥǸǮϸϸ̸һ
ΪҪȥѧˣԱҪϽǸǮȰѰ쳧Щ̸á粻˳٣ͰѼʱ䶨Ϊһ硣
峿õϢǮظϵԼĵطǸϵߡ
ȻҲһˣҲ˲Ϣ֪һЩӻйӻйҪһ˳ﻮģҲУССͻСԪڸѧ顣
ǮǱߵûһ㿴һʮȲС곯˹Ǳλ֮еүɡ
ϸϸǮ֣ȻСҲԴɬϣƶϳԺһݲ֥Ժƾ·˳֮ϵüգ˵ʥϻֱӰ̽ɣɾһ̸Էɢ˼š
ʱֱλӺһ ǮŴ˼зӦȻֵӺãǮԾǱߡ
Ҳֻ壬⹤ˣҪǮү̸̸ġ
ؽǮүҲǾǱӵһµİˣӽһǮƹľС
ãǮƹպҵĹܼңҽһЩҲź˵˰ɣ֮ʵ
ȻЩ⣬Ȼհġ׮ֱ׬⡢սĴ⣬Ǹ̵ǮܴӦ˵ᵽЩССˡ
УЩʱ򶼻д֮УԺΥԼݣ֮ƳĲƷķӽԸǸʱҲԻھǱһˡ˵
ģߵʱԲΥݵġǮ˵
һҪǰ˵ǮƹǱߵʱھǱ߽ù߷ҲģһϣԺ󻹻ˣǾǱߵģǱҿԱֻ֤һҡ
ҪҲ˵ɣ߶ܴӦ
ЩһǱǲ̧߼۸񣬲ǵǱߺͬʱǱ߹Щ󣬼۸Ա߸߸뱶ȻǮ̫ߵĻͨҲЩ
ţһµġǮʵϣֻ߰뱶Ҳܶ׬ӣǱǮǣʱеǮرǾӣھǣЩ֪ϢŮ죬ȫǼйȵˣһҪѾӴȥǱ߹ǽˣЩŮ϶²ٵӵġ
忼һ£ֵȻûȥǣҲǱӣ֪ǮƹǷе칤
طһԼСԪѧ֪Ǳ߹˺ţ֪ҲϵٰиĸѹҲֵܣ£ΪЩӣвҲֻв屾ˡ
屾Ǹţڻڸѧ飬ٴҲֲܰѧ˸ѧҲܶʲôӰ죬౻ѵһʹѹҲ޴֡
ߣʱΪ˷Ҫ֣ʵ޷죬϶ܱĸйʿ˺Ǳضᵱһ󰸣Ͻ̲һΣ̫ߣֱӴ߰ѷȥĿ졣
ǮھͲͬˣȻ·ھǽ˭ԸȥʱЩЩͨѹǮڵļ壬ЭǮڳҲûãжأѹвԣλȨأûס⹤ֻóȥ
ǮȻ˼ɽӲܲܰȰѹȥ֣˵ӲضǣҼҲеһ˿ɲǵʱȻҲЩС


55 ȥ   ǮȻ˵ˡ
ǮȻ˵, ȻҲǶԼģҲûжʣȥϸӵǺݡ
, ȻЩǶ̸, ǽ̸̸һӵ°ɡѡ񣬵һһԸʮ, ڶһθʮӣԺÿ߶Ҫһ, ꡣ
ʮǮǷǳ˵, ȹ֮, һˮԻᳬ, ļǮǮ, ͺһ
Ǯ꣬ԥѡһ֣ʮϻܳ, һԸģȻϻһЩ, ǻܳŹȥġѡڶ, ȻԻһ, ǵʱҪǮɱʮ, Ժ, ÿ϶һʲС֡
ѡһ, һԸʮ, Ҳ֪⣬ʵҲûдô, գ˰͹
Ҳ⣬ҲԿޡص
ΪϾҪȥѧˣͰѺһЩ򵥺ͺһ£úʱ˺ǮǢ̸ˡ
ⲻúǮűִ˾ǣڴʢСʢеݣҲʮָˣ֪׶ζʲô
ǰǽױ潫ھӪ꣬׾ӪԵ⡣Ϊʮ߹ս£еĹԱҲʮǰЩսжôң⼸겦ȥľԽԽ٣˶գʱݲ㣬ÿнʿЩ͢ЩİݵĹԱȫÿ굽˲õʱڳƤ
ΪþӪıúЩЩһֱǽǺļҵÿʮ׬ӣҲȫ˱߹ء
ҿǽǵʺ׸磬սҲÿ껹ܰʱùȻһһ٣ҲʤޡһλϵὫǱߣÿľòǳ£òʱŲһȥЩȥֵأǿάȥ
ʢǮһ⹤󣬿϶ս𣬵ʱܱ׬ӡô˵ҲǼ£Զڱ߹أдȥ϶ǽʲô£Ժͻʺһ£æһ⡣
ʢܿдһͽ˻ʺСʺյźҲֻԼܰﵽ磬ڿϢв׼ĵ
Щ꣬ÿ궼óӽˣûһ߹أһ˽ͲʣˣʱǺԥļԼ˽ʮƱڻһͳ˹⡣
ϾΪҲأھĺүڱ߹һꡣ
ʢյŻǸŵʮӺִϳȻһЩĸЩӿӱ޵͵ء
˺Ǳߣ̸ʱʮ˳ûжãǮһ򹤳Ӹͼص˾ǣȻȥæָˡ
ʵϣУֻ˲ʵã˾ǿԸǮǱ߰ģʣǹȥųġ
ǵԺ϶٣Ǳڹµ˲٣涮Щи豸װԼԱȵʵڵĺ٣ʱûһЩⷽõ֣Ҳʮ鷳ɴʹοʼ
֮ǰЩ߲һͨŷ˻иҵˣǴȥĶûм죬ȫϷ˸ɾ
һмٺˣͷҲмʮ˻ȥļ࣬ÿ˷ȥһ㣬ҲͲʣˣҲΪЩȥز˵Ӯ˲棬ĸΪŷϼͽһ£ʱӸˣǼȥҲ˲ӡ
Щˣ˷ܣǧĻ屶ȥһӾ׬˼ֱǱ
ȥص˻и˱Ͳ٣ÿ˶˴ǧҲֻһСõЩвΪûĶ罷أ
ʱиһȥأ׼һͨ
ЩһֱڸѧǼÿ쿴ʮֿĶ
µġ١ʱΪһһ̫ʱ䣬ûлȥǶʱ䣬ͺ֮дŵʮƵ
ǱȻһֱв˵Ǳ߲ȥɴڹӦ״̬Ŀǰֻм˲ĵһѾٲȻѾ˾ϲķУСӶỨѴЩС
Ǽ־ƣȻҲھ˷糱ΪЩѣ·𻵵Ҳв٣ЩƵÿεĻ١ҲˣЩС쳣𱬵ľȣЩЩþ֮˵ϡˣ˺òȥ᲻úȡ
ߣǱǩϣֻǼ屶£ӷȺĻЩҲͲֵһˣ˾ƵĹ򣬻˼澵ӣȥأÿԸ˾ƻؾǵ޼
ΪǱ߽ʱľοټϸϽȣʱ򣬾ǱߵĹҲҪˣٹ£һо׼ʼйˣʱߵ˺͸Ҳһһػһȥˡ
ң˾ߣҲ½Ӵ˼سǵҪǩ쳧ˣ̶̼£׬˼ʮ
ԴּɣȻҲûеĺзй¶ķաʱԷһ˲ýתһÿǩ齨˶ᱻǼǵһУȻٷˡ£һûд˷ӱ㿪ʼͺױٱ
ĸԸ⿴ԼͬһӲռأ
ҴܳûרȨ˵ȡֱΪٸҲǻһģҲǻģٱ֮ٴһ¹ϵ϶ռ˵˸
ߣЩ˵ıֶλʮַĵģǿ϶Լ·ӦŴİö಻٣ʱӽйôãӶûй¶ȥڷЩУй¶ĿӦûС
ھܿЩ׬⼸ʮԺϢɢһ㣬ʱص˿϶࣬Ǹʱ򣬾ܽ׬ϰ
ӵĵطҲ࣬ЩҲӵġЩȻкܶطִѧ֪ʶԳģǲô˵ִЩЩˣƬʱյģܵĽİõİЩΪС
ӷھֻӣȥҲûʲô壬ִʱ򣬶ԽǮûʲô̫һ򿴵ĲءҲΪͥԭɣδΪǮƷǹȻҲԽǮ̫
Щӳһ⣬ľõصİϣԺȻҲɢسǡ
дŸʮãԺس޽ӡϵȥÿһ֧ȻҪǱϸ¼ֹ̰ۡ
ٻس޽һ¥κ˽ѶġȽˣԽǸӵܣȻʣǮƲֻ࣬һǧǱܶũӻسͨͥĶˣ˵ҸĶ࣬δ
ǶЩҾƶ໹һĶ˵һ˵ҲҪһӣÿ鶼һʾ޴֧Ҫ֪سһͥĹһҲҪʮӡ£һڶڵļͥ˵˵Ǿ޿ˡ
˵Щ˿Գ׬ЩӣҪһʺ֣ҪһֶУһУʮǾǺܷѾʱˡˣҲ϶ӰԼ顣ȻҲͨ׬˼ӣҲسǶ֮󣬼µġ
һٶǱ޽ѧԺר̺ͯʶʱ˵ÿһӶԺҪȥƾٵ·ӽ̣ҲʵʶѾܺˡЩֶģԺȻҲ÷ӽǶд¡Щ֮ǰҲڹǱ߰ŹǱߵĺӾѾںͷѧˡ
ȻҲԸ޽ӣũӱسĺӶǸӲףһܶû顣ɣũӣΪǰŷжԲ߶ÑĻᣬĸĳ
£һũҪͷʱҪȫ֮


56 ƻ   ʱڡ
ʱ, Ǵ潨һĴӣȻȥ飬һ, ҲһӶ, ʱټϱīֽӣҲᵽ
ЩӶڵ˵, ʵֻǾţһëȴʵʵڵĸıЩũӵһ
Ȼ, ЩķȻԽʶΪ, 츳ȻҲܴӱʵ, ڴ˵, ϵüֻѾ˲ˣںܶ, 鶼Ǯ¡ҪúӶԺȥƾ٣˵Ժȥﵱƹ˷á
ЩȷҲʵһس, аžѾķ綦ʢˣ, Ǹһֻĳ, ڽʿ, ǸǷë, һһ꿼һ㲻ˡ, Щͨ˵, ϸȥȳıǻرߵġ
Щ뷨, Ҳ⣬ϾıҲЩũӶһ·ѡıȥȫɶĿȥٶҲĲ,
ʱͻȻٿһ⡣
ȻǱߵĹسﻹи˲ŮЩҲΪ׬ӡȻĻЩСӵļôܷǳ
ʱŮʵѰʵϣڹСӻиǣ׬Ǯܱȼκ˶࣬ǻõҲǴǰ޷ӵеĻȨĸΪԼ׬ӱԼļͥأǵĴʱľޡ
£忪سѧԺڴĴӣעСӿܵġڴܳЩ󻧼ͥŮ̼СӶʶ֣֮ͨУسǻļһŮȥֵġ
ЩСӵĸĸ߰ĺӾѾһСˣڼ԰ŸɻܰæܵáҪҲȥʶ֣ʲôãŮֲȥƾ٣ָʲôڼɻء
ЩСӿкһȥ֣辶
һ£⡣ػΧĴûм˲֪֮ǰһֱŮ£ڽȥСӣûмĽģϾÿ¿һӡֹͣˣϴαʱҲҪеǸ˻зޡʱв˶ںڣԼôûԼŮҲȥ
ʲôûҪֻЩĸԺ棬ǲŻԸüŮҲȥ顣רſһѵѧԺֻҪüСӽȥʶ֣ÿֻҪʱУ緹ͨˣʮԺҲ빤ȥ
ƽʱѧԺӹǱ߽һЩֽлƷװĻЩС׬һǮ
ȻҲĵġ
ͲţǣЩĸŲŮȥ顣ﲻЩСӣôٶҲûˣֻԺϳãմȨȨƶ߲ܸıɣ
嶼ǵزˣɴţЩѧԺӼɳ˶ʶֵĵطɣ֮ǰǵĶСһͯСӿǵҲ߰ġЩһʮӻŮӣӦҲжֵȨ룬ʮҲ룬ҲǼӵ¡
سŮһ㣬зһץһѣÿȥƾٵ˿ɶǲأϵľôЩûпͯŵĶʤ򵥵Ľ
дú˻ȥȥ˰ȥ֮һ㣬ЩҲԶԶʮ⻹ǽʮ͵ãԺĴ󹤳̽ϡ
յź󣬿Ȼе㾪ȣǸϽȥţүСƣ׬ˣһʱ뵽ȥЩ£ϣЩҲܱүԺвźá
ǲ¥ѧԺʲôģȻҪȥйˣЩˣ֮ԴʮƱȥǱߣ֪ء
֪ؼ˵ֱǿϲͲ˵ˡʮˣһҪس޽¥ԺǺεȵؽȻûпӣӵд˵֮ģԺ볯ãҲȻһù١
Ϊʲô˵ԱһЩЩƫԶǲѳͷ⻹ΪûӣʲôѽصʱĲѾֹˣÿ궼˰˲άһתʱҪ޽ʲôҲֻ룬Ųˡ룬ʮʮΣ붼Ҫ롣
ʮسǵĳſˣҲάάˣˮ棬ҲؽӹˣĹҲܴˣӤԺҲܺõˡ
Ժ¥Ժ޽ˣأԺķҲʢˡ
Щ֪˵Ҳһʱ˺Ҳǰ϶ˡ޲øϽͿʼȥЩ飬հЩꡣ
ʱʮС꣬ĹˣΪ֪Լߴϡ꣬ҲʲôԺְؾټӾҲңңˡ
֪ػţôĹɵõʱúȥسһǣһ˼ǵЩԺ¥ģ֮Ҫʢһš
֮һֱʼæڸִ󹤳̣ڸѧͰĶ飬ǵҲݼٵʱ򣬰ѸǸ羰ҲˣҲ
ת۵˰£һһȵġĩԡˡ


57        һһģԺ
һһ, ԺʱԱԺײһͬһʱС
ԵûкԺײһ, ǱѾһûˡˡĺ, ֻӭȺҪԵǡ
ȻԾ㿼ĲãҲһ˵, ģǰ, ǿ, , ֻҪǿʮ֮, ĽҲǱѵһѡ
ԣȫŶҪμ, ÿһˣǧСɱģ֮, ȵԺԣй֮޲
ÿضî˾, Եһ, ҪǵÿŶμӵ, ⳡ, ǸԼһʲôˮƽ
, ÿĵһԵʱ, ǷĻ, Ǿкܴļʿоˡ
ˣҪУҲûп, Ͼӹȱ
ֻģҪоˣϼѡ
ÿҲܹ¼ȡһǧңֵ¸
ִĻ򵥱һ£ԿԿпһʡֻ¼ȡʮˣֻЩӵпϸԺμӸ߿Ļᡣ
Լһ£ǻݸҲܿһ˰ˣһûϵҲǲټġ
ԾͿǸ߿ɣȻ滹һԣǰչûģμӵԣѡֻλͻвˣԿ˾ǽʿˣԺˡ
ⳡ߿ÿҲֻ¼ȡٶҡִĻ˵žȫÿֻٶ˿˴ѧ
£ÿܳһʿǻǲ˵ˡ
ԣҶڲһҲţⳡԿ˵һǺҲаˡ
ҲԾԾԵģѵҲ˺ʤġ
Ȼ֮Ժûôϸ񣬵ҲһģҪȫѼ졣
ڰ£ٴαȸһһȵĺᡣ
֮Կ꣬ȥ֮ԡ̱꣬ϣΧźü齵ȡ
Խûͳˣ԰ףҲǵһ
ɷϣ֪Ϣĵȷһ¡
ûڼţȻһԺ˰ףͬʱҲСԪ֮ǰвٽţرǸѧǰ˵ʮоŸһİ׻ǵڶ
ʼնûСЩˣҲûʮֵİ˵һõһ
ô˵Ե˵һҲжϳԼʵ
˿γ˵˵Ǽٵġ
ֻһʮС꣬μԵСˣȴѹŬôˡ˵ƾ·ϣǱ׼״ԪͰ׷ͯļĻأʵôһ£ȴⲻҪпġ
ҲڰοԼ˵֮ǰǸܽкδ嵱ʢޣ֮ǰСԪأٴοһһ㶼ϡ棬Ҳõ¡
ΪĿǻģһΪ˼ЩǿȥЩκõдģԺҲѧϰһ
ԼǵһȻҲǱȥˣ˵дõģͲǱ߿
廹ȥˡĿ²Ӧúдܶġ
֮巢֣Щ˵£ٶһֿշ֮СܳԺȻȥԶıǸǣǰִʱǰʱϺȥ˲ٵط
ͨ磬̬Ҳ˲٣⽻ͨĹŴһ飬Զʶ̬Ŀǣ۽ȻǿЩҲ֮ʲˡ
Ȼ鲻·ѽʱĬĬһµͷ


58 ѧ   ԹϾ͵˾£ˡ
ԹϾ͵˾, ʱõ˷Ϊһµġ¼١ʱˡµ٣ûлȥǴ˸, µ¼, ǴҪȥġ
Ǳ߱ȷ˲, 춼£Ǳյ˲Ҫ쳧, һʱ֮, Ҳæ˺ܶ, ֹ, ҲæĹ
ǲ¥ѧԺҲѾҪˡΪϢط˳ȥ, ˶¡
ЩȻˣǵûۻȥһҪáҶ˵, λȥҲֻ˳, ʵĿĵġ
֮, ˼˺ܾ, վȥҸѧĽһ, Զѧ
, ƾٿԶԶֻǼ徭ϵ, ´ʾ֮, ͸¶ĿԼ˼뻹Ͻʿ˴ڶʮϵ䣬ʮ, ʮҲʮȴ޼
֮꿼Ͻʿ꣬ţҲҪһӢˡȷǱʴӱųˣܿأЩʮˣȷȱһЩ
ÿܴжģִʱҲǶʮ߰ˣҲ˲٣ΪͥԵʣ۽Ҳһ˹һЩŴ˻ݸطҲûȥطˡ
׻˵ʮﲻͬסǸ߱ͺǱ߲һˣ˵ݸ֮ĵطˡ飬·һзȥǣӪʴѪȥշ
ߣȷԼǱǶ١ŴȨıһʱİԻΪһ·ߵڵѡǴˡΪԭ򣬾̰쳧һֱҲûܵʲôӣ̬ױ䣬˭Ҳ˵δΣɲԺھԵǿȨ֮£ûκη
ȻԺҪˣԺҲŶƶˡ
֮ǰļʱǻɵģ޷Ǿڸѧ飬һ껹ܷżμء˾ˣ֮ҪμӻˣǲУٵ꣬μһλԣ֮䣬ʱ䵹šֻҲˣԺʱϿɾǱˡ
ˣԻٱȥʱףȻͻڹˡڹ֮󣬲뺲ԺǳΪʿţ޹ʶְأ˵Ÿˡ
ҹٳй涨Աְʱһ㶼ӣᵽ漮ְ֮ܶ˳˶ǣܵȵϴǹٵʱ򣬲ܻص
Ϊ٣һΪ겻ȣ֮ڣǲ뿪ְءҲ˵ԺˣһܵԼˣҪʲô٣䵽ֵģ͵ȥġ
忴ҪõʲôͱܵʧȥʲôʱְԽɶԽ͡ϵǼλ׸θĸλȨأЩÿҪϳĹԱ˵һڴǹ֮ǰǶھˡǱʱ򣬸ÿ춼Ҫȥî
ԼҲȷԻܲһԿУһ㣬Żûԣȥѧһ꣬һܳص羰
ԽֻҪһ֮ǰܸԣʵڸϲҲû£߿򲡻ԭһҲʲôˡ
ҽȥѧһ֮ԼǱĶ飬̬׼ԡһȥѧ·۳Ͷ٣֮ⲻûķһʱֻٽԣ״̬ʱȻҲЩӰ졣
ѧ£ֱҵǸѧĽڡڶȻʮ־ȣ˼ҪѧԵʣ˵Լ뷨󣬱˼һᡣ
ѧ˵ҲЩģȷǶ鲻·֮ǰѧѧֶĶ飬ûˡЩѧ׻ץʱȥѧҪ̲·ٲûᵢ顣
ӡͦģѧʱСԪǱδ嵱п޹ϣѹѧʦǣ˵һЩҲܿӵĶ츳ˣû⣬оûġ
ڶѧ˵һΪһѧ˵ӦҲӰ첻ʲô󣬽ڻͬ󣬸ӡ
ڻ̲סĶȰ˼䣬:˴ѧ˵Ҫһ¸ط飬һǲɱĩã֮£Ҳи·֮ʱҲҪƪ²ǣѧ֮󣬿ɲܱڵ̫ˡ
幪ѧǣڷġ
Ҳûٶ˵ˣԴӵԣһ֮ѧҲʧģҲͻӻ֣ȥˡ
իǱߣʰһ¶󣬱ȥˡʱˣеź˵ѧҪǵһ겻ܼˡ


59 涨       ѧġ
ѧ±Ҳûų, ڳʰիһЩܲ²׼ˡ
ţȻѾ, Ҫ, ߲ߣȻ, Ҳ¡
㵽ʱʱһҪǵøдѽ֮ǰովҪȥѧʱҲʹҪҪȥ, ֻԼܾˡ
Լڻûѧ֮ǰ, ǶԼˮƽһŵ, ΪԼе츳ġԱǰ, ʹԡԺԵʱǱСϼѹһͷ, ˵ڶҲûлģź嵽˸ѧ֮, һϸµ뷨
ֻѧֱ֮ԼĴ, ΪԼڶһ츳ҲԼ֮Ƶѡ
ǰ, ̬Ϸ˲Сı仯, ҲΪ˿еһԱ, ǰ, ڷ˲, ˵ͷ׶̹, ҲһĿˡ
ǳȥԶУѧһ꣬··ʱ϶ܶ, ʱڶһϣ϶иһ֤˻ֺܱ֮ڵ״̬
ߣѧĴͬÿ춼ڿڳΪһԱ֮󣬸ʱ󣬸᲻ܳȥѧһꡣ
ǶҪȥѧľҲûȰ裬Ͼ˵Ҳǲһġѧ£˵ĲһӰ˼Ҷ顣
ڸѧһҲһˣҲµʶǾ׻˵ģ±˱±ͬʱڷܡտʼʱҪһأ˴ദϨ˼ԹԳԼˣ忪ʼķڷ
ҳ󲻵òϣԼʮʱ򣬿ɶˡǸʱÿˣ͵ȥأ˵ÿһһˡ
ʱ˳˵Ļ󣬵УʱҸд˵һ·ϵļţʱĻٸһЩȥĵطز
ҲִΣȥ£ѴزѾǻˡ
꣬ȻǸˣЦصҰһʰɣ¼ˡ
ߴӸѧȥ֮ż˰һ£Ժһ겻ˣ֮ǰʰˡ
ﶫҲ࣬С˺ܿˣ÷ŽеķŽУ﷿ͽ﷿Ūþ
պڻصء
Ϊ֮ǰͺͺд˵Ҫ£Ժؾʱ䣬죬˱ȷˮҲպˣ͵ʱһ滺һ·ϵƣˡ
֮󣬶ԺİȻʮϲҲɵø̾⣬һ˼ؼҵáԽ񣬺ǰ࣬ҲǼһĴˡ
Ϊн߸ûмԼүˣ֮󣬺Ҳе£ϻ˼
⼸¼ﶼ𣿡ȻյţҲĺӰ飬ֻǱϲǣûа߷һЩ鷳һ˵
أүɲ֪صİգжлЩˣеĻд¿أ˵쳧Ů£ǰż˵䣬ڻ˭ֹڴүڿǴأȫڸмأ˵鷳ˣҪУ֪ؿǵһӦڿΪԼүˡ
Щգر˾ȻдרſȻЩ˵⣬ǸЩ߳ܵģԼƤǱȽϱġʱ֪¥ǱΪһ鱮רſΪ£⻹֪صأȻӸӡ
ȻԺв¥Щ¶дｻȥ˰ģذҲһһƶɺȥִеģûۿ׻ǲģڼϢһպ󣬱ȥ
Ϊ¥Ǳȥ
¥ԭǱȽƫƧģмϾɵլʤڵطˣѡˡʣµǼѧԺҲ
¥ȻˣҲҪӦĹƶȣȻָ鷳
ȣÿ¥ߵ˶ҪСϵǼһҪ¼ͥסַΪԺֹ鲻鷢ġ
¥ܴ廹רſٳһ㣬ڷӣ¶顣
ڽ飬ҲƶϸĹ涨ÿ˵Ľʱ죬ȻҲҪǼԼϢ
Ҫӳʱ䣬ҲȻа취ģǾǸ¥߳顣
һ飬Ȿжҳҳһ졣齻¥߹µĵǼǺ󣬹±ӦĽһŵӣдԺܹӳʱĶȡ
Ҫʱ䣬ǲʱô֮ǰµĵַˣٻ죬ᱻ¥ĹרŴ顣
һߵġڲϣ´Ҫǽ飬ɾˡ
ʱᱻĨĻʱ죬Ҫ黻ʱܽߡ
Ȼǲ¥߶飬϶ⲻЩʼǵϰߡ
ʼҪֽֽҲҪǮģڶ˵ҲһʴĿ֧ˡ˵߲¥ԺѹӦֽôпߵİֽṩӦ˻רŵ߲ѵİֽá
ǵּһ涨ǳ顣һҳѻʮŰֽߣϲⶥ
һ¥Ҳö
ܵĹ涨жʮȫѾڽ¥ʱ򣬱ǽϣ֤ÿ˶֪
¥ǰǽѾ̺õĹ涨ĵ˵ͷڲ¥ϸתһȦ󣬲Ž¥
߶ǼլȫƵؽģڲ¥ѾߵǰƫƧʱѾͬնˡ
ڲÿ춼˵¥޽ȣв˶顱ÿ˶ﲻ
ȥʱ򣬾вǵǼǾ顣
ȻҲľ飬Ϊ߲ǰ˸ʾ
˵ˣΪ߲¥½鶼ϳģ治涼ûУʱ֮ûһȫѼ롣
˭¥ûеģֻҪǳ͵ߣֱԭҲУ󲻽ᰴϵļǮӣԺ¥ˣ￴飬
ȻָԺʱȱӳʮڲ¥УԺ绹ΪЩṩ̲裬ṩ
Ҫ飬ţóʮѽ¥ԺǾ豾ʲôأοӣԺڲ¥أҪ˾͸ˡ
еĹ¶ʶ壬սûһᣬһ³˹Щн˵үߵСҶ֪ʲôҡ
ߴѾ׼ĲˣҲûģһ䣺߹ƻж೤ʱ׼ãԶ⿪ˣ
ڴȻĶ˾飬Ѿ׼ˣٵ죬Ҳ׼ˣʱͿ׼ˡ¹Ļص


60 ѧԺ       죬ʱϻǡ
, ʱϻļģߴʮң֮ٳѧһ, ȫۿߵĲ¥Ÿջж˵Ǹ
¥ڵȷµ˵, Ѿ׼Ĳˡ濴һȦҲǺġ
¥һ㰴ִͼݵģʽú˽, ִͼݺ
ÿ鶼бţڲͬͬűŵ, ǼǹҲһЩ
¥ߵҲŶ˽, ǽȥһѧԺǱߡ
˵, ҲС, ǲĻҪسǵһߵһ, Ҳøһʱ䡣
ǵ嵱бسжĴһѧԺŮӵѵѧԺ, ȻҲǽĴ
һѧԺĹģС˲١Ҳкô, ٶȿ˲, һ붯, ûñ㽨ˡ
⼸ѧԺĽ첢ûҪô, һжǴӼġԺĽģʽͺִĽѧ¥, ǲЩ, ֻ㡣
ȥǴѧԺڳ, ¥ҲԶҲûһ㵽ˡ
Ͳ¥ǱһߵԺҲѡһЩƫƧǼǮļլƵؽġ
ߵѧԺʱһҪϢ, һЩĿȽϼС˸ϽܱߵլҲ
ǿ߼ȻԺҪѧԺˣԺʱµլӣ⻹Ժȥкܴ׬ͷġ
ò˵Щ˵뷨ȷǶԵģҲִѧУΧʲôⲻѧ쳣ŴҲͬĵ
嵽ʱѧԺǼڴź
Ȼ⵹٣෴Ϊ̫ˣһֱŲ϶ӣֱ٣ˡ
ǰ漸죬ź˿˵Ϊ˼ȥһȻҡѶ鰡ϵڱ£˭벻Ǯúȥ֣һˣ˼Ҳգô죿øϽȥ
úǱ߸Ĺ˹άǿŶӣȻͲһ㰲
ѧԺ߽һˣѶŵĲˡȥʱ򣬻ܿѾ˵ʹһѧæַ鼮бīֽ⡣Χмѧɨڴɨ
Ժճѧķӣмողŷµ¹¡ģǴҪƴԼʱ¶ɵ쳣ҵҵи
Ȼ֮ǰһֱڸѧǱ߶飬Щ¹ҲϵġΪľǶĻϸϣһʲôʱĸ²ϵԼүֳЦ
ȻڵĻȷִϸЩ룬Щ󣬵ǸһЩòҪ估ţµһԼүҲϳ
ʱһСȻѧԺ˵ע⣬ҷ׷˹
¹ȻǼĹʺãǵһμԼүɲȡүǰӡ
ʱΧѧȥʺúҲȻݣ׷Ҳʼռ⼸콻
ЩѧﱨˣȻҲ֪ѧԺ˭ӽģ߲ӾܶΪ˭ڼȻǸмĲˡ
״ϽȥԼȥұʾԼǹתתģǲҪ⣬øʲô͸ʲôھС
Ȼ廰˵Χʱʱ˻͵͵
ЩͲѧȻ䲻󣬵ǳӸֵĴˣǸŹأ︸ĸ˵ԺſǻҪ״ԪأھȻˣܲϡ棿
һŲĿƵĶǿ󣬶ĿⲢʱҲЩԲˡоԼҪٴ⣬ЩѧҪ˹ˡ
ϽŹ½ѧԺһ ʼѯһЩ顣
´ʱЩţʲôһԵĻشɫʮּ
ѧһͬ鱾īֽⷢȥˣ֮ѯʵ
ţȥˣСǲ֣ר˰ѽҪǼأ
ѧִԼѧʱĹ涨ƶģҲǺùһЩ
˵ĺ統ңŴĺӱִĺӣǶ¶ˣѾø˸ɻˡ
Ѷ֣ҲȻִֵ󣬵ȻԺ˹涨϶Ҳ١
ЩѶ飬ȻҲ岻ڡȲֵӡŴɲִĴѧԺ󶼲϶ƾٵ·ǵ׻ҪȥԼı
嵱صؽʱѧԺ߲רŹȥɨʱЩȫָЩѧǡ
Ϊѧ䲢ûҪҲʮһģڳѧȻҲյġ
ʱľͶһ㣬Сľٸһ㣬ִֵһÿһƣɢѧԺ´ɨ
⼸ѧԺҲЩѧѧԺһ·ѣҲѧж츳ģȻҲûȻҲΪЩר̶ƾٵķ
׶׳ѹǶ飬ȥкܴܻЩѧͶӦ˼롣
ǿһӶŵģЩѧһֱϽſѵҪһֱ𣿶һֱǣôƵʱȫسǵĶ˶õˡ
Ҳǰƶ˹أԺĺõģȻȥæרŽ̶ƾٵķÑ㲻ǲˡ
ʱҪ֪ڴܳÿÑҲһʾ޴Ŀ֧أӿɲ˭ġ
֮ıīֽЩԼǮȥ򣬻ǰæȥǮǻֽš
ѾÑˣôīֽȶȻͨ˵Ҳһ޴Ŀ֧ЩÑҲǿ֧еСͷˡ
Ȼ׬ǮдΣҲȥӽЩѧѧᰴǵĽѧǷǮ̵ĺþ͵õĶ࣬ҪܵͣȻЩˣȻʤµġ
𣿡ʵ
ڼȻѧѾĶˣȻҲҪкˣҲտʼϿΡ
ļѧԺС˻̫ѧԺѾк˵ģʮӣѾǩ飬ȷӣǾˡ


61 з       ΪѧԺֻΪ
ΪѧԺֻΪҪѧ, ԶڷӵҪ󲢲ߡ
вٿ˶궼ûпŵĶˣлвͯǵˮƽЩѧǴ´ġ
ЩѾ˹Ķ, ЩһֱûпϵȻǸӼ˵㡣
, ˶˵ʲôᣬ޸֮, ȻҲɲЩ
Ը棬ȻҲвĻ, ͱ˵ƹ˷, ǺôǶ, Ҳֵ, Щܸɵġ
вٶΪȥ˷ƹģҪЩϰҵ, Ҳδ̫˵ˣǲϵġ
ȥЩֿ, øֻȥӿ˽ӸСһ·ˡ, ӸĸϵÑзڵƷҲв, һ, Ҳ㹻ˡ
ֻõӹȥ, ҲȻطӵĽѧˮƽ뽫ͽŷŵ˽, ٲǿͯ˿˽
ܹӶļͥͲ, ǿŵĶ˿ɲ, Ҫеѧȥһ֮ͯ⣬ʱӵˮƽҲʮҪˡ
ξ֮, ȥЩˮƽߵķ˽ӿȥĶ˸вѧ
һôܹĲѡ
˷ѧԺзӣϢ֮ЩҪĶ˻ͦģ˵ʮֻˡ
ҷӵʱҲдĺˣҪѧЩ徭ĶֻҪġ־ǧġټաУҪЩѧξѧˣЩҪһ㶼ߡ
Ҫ󲻸ߣӿɸĲ٣һʮӣ߿˵ǳˣ˵ڵƷʲôģѧԺҲճ͵ġ
ĹȥҲвٵĶ˶ˡ
Ȼ߶ԷӵҪ󲻸ߣǲҲҪһģԷˮƽĳˡ
ߣȻҲҪѧģͨȴû˵ǵˮƽȲһе㾭˷ء
ǵ嵱ｻȥзӵʱһҪŪһˣҲɸѡһ
˵ľȥԼүʦŷӰæġŷûƴǾʹӦˡ屾ĵӣټ¸һ£вæĵ
뵽⣬ʵʮλӿѾͨ𣿡
ʮλѾͨģ߲ͨźǩ顣»ص
տΣ
ѧԺǴտεģЩıīֽ⻹鼮ҲڷˡǶߵǸѧԺѾˣտʼġ»ص
ˣҲȤ½˼仰󣬱ȥ˳ǶߵѧԺȥˡ
ǶߵѧԺһ磬ǴĹµľͿʼѧˣѧԺɵʱѧԺѧʱѾȫ׼ã͵ſˡ
ȥʱϿΡ״Ҳûнȥţվڴ棬ĳȻһӽεݡ
ΪеѧȻе𣬵ǼȫʶֵģҲùÿ˽ȲͬҪڿˣӾܿѧһ̵
һΪǸտûжãҲǵǩʱ˵ѧĺãҲǻӵģûõķӽʮ־ġ
һʮˣռܴ󣬷ӽ̵ʱҲƽʱ˲١ʱѧϰձд֣ѧƲԵģӸֱӹȥ̵ְֽ
濴ĺ⣬ʣµңҲʹҴҵĿһ ûٶȥ
ʱ仹磬ǴٽȥŮǱߵѵѧԺȥģҪȥʱ˵Ǳߵ֪һڹܼǱһЩء
֮󣬱ֱ˵һ˵
Ǳܼ˵ѧѾкˣ굽ʮСӶУСҲв٣ܼҶ˰ǱİˡڼŮӵѧԺûпΣܼ˵ΪŮӻû룬ǻҪЩʱղС
ҲûиеȣϾֵŮӱ٣˵һλҪôѧˡ
嵱Ҳ˵ŮӵʱҪʵһЩмǵڻǲһЩͲڿҲ
룬ʵʶֶŮȻ٣ҲӦһЩġֻǺʶֵŮӣЩǮ˼ҵСӣ֮ǰеǸʶֵŮƹҲòеġ
ô˵سЩǮ˼ҵСӣ϶ͨ滹ǻһЩʶֵŮӵģЩҲ϶ڼѧԨԴǸˣܴҲŮʶüֵġ
ȥ֮ԸˣһŮӵĸʾٴνҪֻҪʶֱã˴ÿʮ⣬ÿ»ͷƥƷ̵ĺõĽӣһҲǰġ
ʵ²⣬ЩŮʶ֣ǿ֮ǰĸʾ˵ҪȥŮӣܶԼţǰˡҪֽˣֻҪʶ־УⷬӦжһЩɣ
ЩŮӣԺ󵱷ҲپһЩ򵥵ѵʱ϶׾ʤΡ
Ȼչ˵ҪߴŮӵĸʾĶŮֶ˲٣ȻЩǺˡ
ҲЩˣһ飬Ȼһһƪ£ûٰҹֱ˯ˡ
󣬼ϴϺȥ÷
ʱ򺣲Ҳ֪ԼүûжþҪȥѧˣԼֵһҪԼүˣϧ⼸үദʱ䣬ҲʱȽ˵УԼŹүˡ
緹󣬺ʲôģͻȻˣү֮ǰȥѰѾҵˣϢ


62 ѧ֮ǰ       Ѱ˼ˣ
Ѱ˼ˣʵ
, ˵㣬үģٵȼ, ʱѰٶ༸ˡ
, ˸ոպá
úæȥѰñЩȭŹϰ֮ˣСطѰȷЩѵ, ҪѰЩϰ֮˲ΪģΪ˽ѧ֮ʱ, ·ϴǵ, ҲȫЩ, ȻƾС, ѧ·ҲЩȫġ
·ϴϰ֮ˣ, ˳ͻҪ֣ǶܰŵֵһһСš
Ҳ̫, ׻˵ĺãӲΣǽ֮, ̫ܱ̫ٺ, ѧ·Σ, ò, ·ǻܰŸϳҹ, һסĵطܰŰȵ, Ҳǰ׷ˡ
ֻǴֻѰϰ֮һͬ·, Ҳ⣬ٶһӶѣ·ҲܸȫЩ, Ҳһˡ
ʱȻѾ˵˸ոպãںͲүһȥѧģүΪ;ۣ壬ôҲš
үҪԼ·ڻֻϰģôںʮ˶үİΣҪȻ·үҪǳô죿
ϰ֮һͬȥ̾·ȻǶЩ˲źôأǾ˵γȥҲزģҪʲô鷢ˣ༸ֻӦЩүٵ죬ٸѰ
ˣѾˣ·ϱͼһᳵӣжҲ㣬Ǵ̫࣬·ĶԵñءźԲͬı飬Ȱ˵һú
Ȼ屾ʹߴʮٳѧģֻ֮һЩҲҪһ
֮ǰڸǱ߶ʱΪߴҵȫĵģڼȻڼߴϼ죬ôЩҲҪһ
ѧһ߱һ꣬ѧڼ䣬ͺ֮ͨȻҲò󷽱㣬ó⼸ʱ䣬дݼƻϸһԺ顣
һʱͷеʱ䣬ȥȼѰˡ
ҲȥҵطԼˣҪǰ˹ԺҪϦദһʱ䣬͸ɴֱˡ
˵Ҳɣ˻ʶġϸѯһ֪ԭ⼸缸궼һھֵˣھԽԽ벻ˣ˵ÿ·ˣҪԲˣѣͷֻðھֽɢ
ھֽɢҲûܸɵĻˣҲʶ֣ʤϰ䣬󣬻żȥͷ̵ȵطɵ￸
е¬ȥڶʾ˼󣬾͸Ͻ֪ͨ˻һصֵܣһ뱨
ȻүͲ󣬲ʮ꣬Ǹոʻʱ˵ﻹǽһӾͲˡ
ȥͷ̿ݸүȥѧĻȻǺöˣֶ࣬ޡҰ·۳Ͷ٣㲻ʲôҲ߹ʮڵˣǸ ʱһүһҪǡ
ȻǴˣһʮڣ϶Щʵģ˴֮ҲϤˣ·Ͽ϶ҲĬЩ
ЩִٽŵӣҲûеǣֱ˵ˣȻһܹʮ·ҪЩҪϳҹ˸ͣĵطҪȥæʳޡ
⼸֮æʾЩ⣬Ƕãһ˵·أڶЩҲˡ
ˣȷҲ֮ϲˣǣǵʱ·Щ±ֵĺõĻÿ˻Ҫӡ
⻰һ֮Ǽ˸˷ܣ֤ʱ϶¡
Ϊѧһ߾һ꣬Ҳ޶СǰȸһӣǴؼȥ
¥ǱպȻʲô׼ˣ㿪ˡԴ£廹ӵģҸպҲûߣøˣڿŵҲȥֳ˿
Ϊ߲¥ҪŵϢѾأвһֱڶ߿ŵˡ
죬Ϣһʮʮ٣ϸոտûаʱ¥Ѿ˴ˡ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ǽ¥֮ȴǰЩ԰ѯʲ¥Ĺ֮⣬Ҳûӵ
Ϊǰûмôⷭĵ鼮ɣԶЩţִټˣϵ鼮ʱ򣬸С°鼮һСĸˡ
ܽ𣿡һһߵǰĹ̨´˵š
Ȼ϶Ҳ¥ǽĹ涨ˣȫģȵǼһ£֮ܽˡ
˵Ǽ֮󣬹ȻһзɹˣʣµȻҲԾԾԣв˶Լϲ鼮ȥǼˡ
忴ߵʢʮ մأ㱻һۼĶ˿ˡȻʶģʮָмĹҾлˣ
˵ĻҲʼ˹Ȼ֪¥ӽģ壬лһô鼮أ
Ȼкܶ˶û壬ʱҲһ幰񣬲ҿилš
Ŵһ˸֮˵˼ôҼĻ󣬾͸Ͻץʱ뿪ˡɲ£Щһֱ˵ſҲʵЩĻ
ѧ֮ǰѧԺҲ½½ˣصķҲԴ˿ʼʢ֪ػɹĿһ̻йǨأ
ʱǱҲǿʼڿˣзӵʱȻ˶سȥĴ飬ǿŴǱ߱س߽һʱвĶˣһʮһʾ޿ˣͱȥǱ߽ˡһǱҲ˳Ŀˡ
֮ǰһ鶼ź˺ͺȥĸɨһĹһЩֽǮ
֮ǰǺͺһɨĹģһֱδжϹ˴һȥһ꣬ڼ㲻ܻˣ͵ðѴǰˡ
ȻԭŴ˹ǲռԭ壬һݼҵҪеЩΣԼҲ᲻ġ
³䶨ˣ̤Ϊһѧ֮·ˣ


63 Խ       ˵ǡ
˵, ˵Ҳֻ̣Ǹоһգ۾ͺܿȥˡ֮仹Ƿ˲ٵ顣
ʮ꣬ȥѧ, һ·Ϸ紵¶, ҲȷЩֻһ·ϣҲ˲ٵط, ¡׷Ƕ˲٣Ҳʵһ۽硣·Ȼ, Ҳû, ÿһط, дһƪ¼¼, Ҳɽˮμˡ
ΪижҲδע¸ʽ, 뵽ʲôһӶͣд», һ㡣
֮ص֮彫ָȥ鷻ӡһʮ, ŵ˲¥ǱߡһֻӡһʮļǮʵͦ, ˭ԽԽأ, ҲëëˡôҲֻ벻ָɳˡ
ԭΪûȥ, ǽȴϡ
ʵϲ¥Ȿ˻治, һ˸ողŰ黹ȥ, һ˱Ͻ׼ʱϽˡ
ȻһΪСԪ, ҲĿһµģҲԵüȻıʾ, ˶ʮֵȤµЩط˺֮̾ҲԺҲҪȥԸ
ƽ԰±ˣڻµʱ䣬ʱ̡һƪ½իʵ
ѾˣȻͿȥμˡ𵱳Ժԣѧȷʱ䣬Ŀʱ䶼ͬÿʱʮ̶ֹ̫ǰ漸ʱ䶼һġһʲôʱȥʡǶġ
ոճеƽ֣ȥӹʱŷȡ֡
Ӷʮӹڣֻʵжбͨʮʮ֮䶼ɡȥʱΪв޳ȻǱ˾˾һҳ⣬֪˼ӹŷΪȡ֡
ôǴҪ𣿡պеëʷ˵
ţҺͼиĸˣʮ֮ĻЩˡ㿴ȥʡ϶Ҫ£һ·۳Ͷٵģǿ϶ԲʱҪʡܻʱ֮󣬿ɲʱ飬״̬һȥЩʱɲò𣿡һͨ͡
ұҲʱģҲ粻˳ٵ¡
㵽ʱһɣôո顣˷
ǵʱҪѣӦüպܵˡ˵Ȼɺˡ
Ϊȥʡǣǹǲٻȥģʱֱӻʡס£ֱ֮ȥǲμӻԡԽ֮ٻȥĻһȥһأƽҪʱ䡣
֪Ĵ󣬻һŸԼү ͸Ͻ鰲źãõѾܶһĳߴ飬Լ׼ȥǱˡ
ɻҲҪڽμԵģǰʱյźͺһȥˡ
ʵԺûֿ֮һΣǲ˵û˵Σߣպñ¼ܺһμԡ
Ҳ֪˵ѣҲû⣬ֱԼ˵ʱһ
ļһֱǴѧիԼ£żͳ󲢼իϤʦһһ
⵹ȥΣΪԽÿȥҷӵҲʵǳ鲻ʱˣȻÿǰһ£ѧˣǰѾʶˡ
ǰǴԣѧʱΪǰ»ҲǴѮӣø֮ǰġ񻶡Ҳʱˣƽʱѧѧǿûôȥҷ´ɽ
ҲãԼһ˾ĶҲֵ徻
˵ΪʲôûвμǰǴԣҲԵʵġ
ѧ֮ǰȻ֪һԵģ˵ԤƵʱǰˣҲʱĻ
ʱûвμԣ֮һԭ֪ʱԼĻûǲμԣо˻û⣬ȴ޷Ƶģпܻ῿
˽һΰףҲǽԪģ/ԪһеҰĵģˣŲΪδæӦź
һԭֻʮ꣬ˣȥǲμӻԣ֮һ·˵ԣʱҲʮꡣ
ʮС˵㡣ë²Σ⻰Ȼ˵㣬Ҳһ
µʱ¿С򷢵Ժȥܱŵһõģֻǵʱ»ǲǵ˵
ڳҲգһʮ꣬Ҳ˭ǵأǸزԺ͸һֱˡ


64        ʲܡ
ʲ, ׾ͳ𡣾Ժ˭ҲԤϣʱҲδûתðռ, ԸΪ˶ôõĿˡ
ʮ, Թˣ, Ҳʮꡣʵ֮ͣ, ˳һӢ, ֲΪ̫С, ֮á
֮û, ʲһͬˡʱ򣬳ǱҲʰ, ʹˡ
ΪźǸողŴǱ߸Ϲһ·ҲˣͳٹһߡҲںһʱ, ҲǴӦˡ
⼸ɻǶ˿˵٣ǼҲϰ, ȥһֱдϵ, ÿŹǰʱҲܾһۡ
ѧ߾Ὣѧµİ, ǴδζڴС
˵Ҳῴһ, ʵļõ, Ὣ䳭д, ܵһ, һĸʻǡ
ѧԴͱѧҪãټ֮ӸǶˮƽߣǼĹȥ, ÿζᱻѧǱߵѧġ
һʱ֮䣬Ѿѧ˺üɻиѧǶˣֱӳѧܻӭˣѯǻиǱ߼Ĺû
֪֮дżҲǸˣĻȥƪ˵Ҳֵ飬ܶԱĶΪʲôȥأҲ˷һ㳭µʱѡ
ͬ£ʱûַȨ˵෴Щ֪Լ¾Ȼܱ˴ĺеʮָˣǶǵһͿ϶
ǰ˼һ˷׷״һʱֽ֮ ͬʱҲ˼롣
ЩѧѧǣҲԸԼ±˴ΪˡȻֻһСسﱻҲֵýˡ
㲻ȥдø͹ǰȥʱ򣬻⼸Ļȥ˵ȫռɲᣬ͵鷻ӡ˼ٱ󲿷ַŵ˲¥ǱߣʣµһСִ˸ѧ͸ͬ
λͬõ֮Ǿȣüˡ ĸ˲ԼԵʱ̰Լд±ӡɲˣҲԼ˰ ȻԼΨһˣҲһˡ
ʺǶȻҲǴ࣬ҲǸм
ڶ磬һˣȥʡǡ
һ·Ǽ˰쾭ڳеϣҲΪеȽϿһЩݵĸһ
һ·ʱ򣬼˻Իһ¡
ȻƽЩĸ鲻ǳˣҲʮֱˬ
ѧѣҲûһӵӣ෴Ҳʮ顣棬ǺƵʴһƬ
ͬģǶ˴࣬ɴꡣȻ䲻ͬ󣬶ʮ߰ģҲʲôһҲܺг
ʡǰԺŵһ·Ͼ֮ǰ׼ٳ֣ٺãҲеԲˡ
״̬Ǻõˣ֮ǰѧ֮ʶĿʼ˸֮󣬸ǽ¬Ҳһͬ˹
ÿϣ嶼ƽʱһʱԺܲʱʱĻ¬ǽԼһȭŹ˿ʱ˲١
ڼȥˣִʱĸٴγˡȻƽ￴ЩĶ鹫ӵ󣬵Լ֪Լжãһ鸹֤
ڼ֮УоˡʡǣϢԼ¬ȥǣܿһǳԺӣ㹻ļסˡ
ǰڸǵʱΪ˶鰲̫֣˴ţһЩƫƧĵط죬طȥԺҲͲʱܵˡ
ʱѾ³ˣаµʱҪˣʱԾҪʼˡ
ļ죬ҶϢָ񡣼Ҵ˴˿̸һֱէˮܣ³
ü֮ҶϢ˻ָ˾һԵ
Կʼأģ⿼ʽԿʼʱ򣬹ÿ졣ЩϰǰԺֻһ죬Ŀʱģʽ Եʱ򣬺ܻܿ᲻̫Ӧѿزʱ䡣
ɺǰͺһģ⿼Ϥ ֻǳȴǵһ˵ģ⿼Щ̫ס
ģ⿼ʲôÿǺЩͷˡģ⣿ҪôأЩơ


65 Ժ       Щɡ
Щɻ, ǳֱ׵ĻϸĽһͨ
˵ģ⿼ͦôģҲһɡ˵
Ϊǿ, ÿ, ڼ䣬Է˯нⶼҪں, ܳĻҲʮּª, ټԵʱڰ, ʮ, һСս
, ;ε˲ֱӲˡǵľǵʱʱǲӦĻ, пܻӰ쿼ʱ״̬ڽģ⿼ҲöԵʱǰи׼
ģ⿼ȫǰյʱԵʱеģԺĸʱԺС, ÿԵ춼ȹܳ
տʼʱ, ȷЩӦ, , һ, »ûдһ, ȫ, »ҪԼƽʱ״̬Ҳʵס
֮ǰһֱעض, Ҳ˲٣ּªӵ£ȻҲǲ, ǾûܣӰ쵽Լӵ״̬
˾Щˣһ컹ã֮ɫЩˡ
رʣڱ˾ʱСֶյģ˲٣ǻЩ΢ֵģʱǾ쳣ȣʮ̡
һ뵽õأ˾ͼѵȥ
ϾȵʽԵʱ򣬺ĻֻªҲ֪ʱΧֵĶʲôˣڼ᲻ᷢӰ㡣
˸պýģ⿼һȻʮƣǻջС
ģ⿼ҲĿģʽӦЩҲǿ˲٣ڵڶģ⿼ʱѾѧԼ״̬üªȵĻӰµķˡ
ģ⿼֮Իм죬Ϣ˼죬һ״̬
Ϊڰ¾УֳΪǻԡ
μӵοƾƣҲһεģӡî硢С֮⻹жƣǵʵϵǻٵȴʱӵĿƣĿ֮ꡣ
ƶڶ˵ǶĸˣҲζƵĶˣһûйҲصȵ֮ٿˣ൱ڰ׵õһλᡣ
ƽˡʵ۵ٵʱӶƵ٣ʵ۵ǻȻҪһʵۼݱ֪ʥϵÿ궼ȥԣҲûдκʥ岻÷
ûжƣһԲҪһˣ˵ഺҲǼ꣬мȥӻÿһβμԵĻᶼҪպˣ˾ͽԴϲǾֻͷһˡ
˴ԣԼо˵İǰٷ֮ٵģȻǰܷӳƽʱ״̬ᷢʧ
Ҳ԰ʵˡ֮ǰԣǵһ֮ǰԵĵһ⣬ܿϾ˵ģûпϵ޼
ҪǰһҲǰ³ˣԲʽ
ڳ˵ǰ죬ÿעʳһҪ嵭ΪһԵʱ򣬶ѻ˶Ҫô ǿǶںеģʱ϶ɱĻвСζڰܱܿǾܿɣȡڽ֮ǰֳθ泩
Ǽˣ˵ҲһЧΪ
˺죬ˬˬſȥԺǱߡ
ʡǵĹԺʡǵĶϷҲԵĿˡ
סĵطȻ빱ԺЩԶҲǲʱ͵ˡ
ǵ˵ʱ򣬹ԺſѾΧˣʮ֡ãûжãԺĴűˣʱ򣬱ŶӾѼȻȥˡ
ԽԺ֮ǰԺй֮޲ӶҪѵ¿˵˸⡣ãǽ˷֮ģȻÿ˶Ҫôһ⣬ڴ֮ͥ£廹Ǻ˸е߳ܵġ
һϸѼ֮ű˽ȥҵԼĺᡣ
ߵĺᣬ͵ԺԵʱ𲻴󣬴Сǲģʮֵխ
˽ĹͰֻľ壬ľдµӣȻǵˡ˯ʱֻҪһƴܵһ©ĴˣȻҪ˯ܱŻſ˯һ㡣
ﻹΪṩһ̿Լһ֦Ȼģǰ£˵ò̿ȡůģȴṩ̿
ʵϣ̿ȱӵȵġÿڼ䣬ĿԷԼʡǵĹԺȻܸṩ̿ȷ
ӽ˺ԺͱˣֱһŻųȥ


66 Կʼ       ᱻֻ֮
ᱻ֮, ֻһڣʱ˻Ϳʲôˡ
Ҳֽʱ, Ѽôϸ, ˼дСҪ׵ʱ, ˸ͷֲˡ
ѿºûֱ, վںխĿյ, ϸһľ, , ȥһȫǻҳ, ǽϣҲЩ͹ƽ岻, ֪ƱľҪ಻١
֮ת䵽ǸѾԭɫĹͰ, þϴѾ, ʱҲŲʲôζʱԼѾ֮ǰ˸, δӦòͰ⡣
֮, ֻĴӸոձĿ, óһײ, һˮ, ʼľ壬Ȼʱʱ򣬰ѿŪ˾Ͳˡ
Ϊǰһ, µģʰ֮ľ䵱ĵϣۿʼǰ£е֮ˮ˿
֮ﶼҪںʳҪԼ׼ģۿṩˮʳ˼ı״ĸ㻹ˡ
ڵʳﲻ״棬ҪԵȻ죬ʳζҳ֮󻹻ӡ
ȥˣʡҲǱһĹֶҲʡȻͷӻͨЩС󣬵ͨҲԵ𣬸˵ʡǰյˮƽСسǵĸ߲٣˼Ҿȥ涫
ոѼʱͼҲĿҲȻʱޣʱûִô컹ǿԵģҪˡ
ԵѾʱѼ˲СˣҲûܳͲˣ˺죬ֻиˡ
ڶգڷǵһǴӡѧӹӡѡ⣬һ㲻ͬһгĿ⣬оĵ԰ʫһס
һǿθСˣľƽЩĵڶگСھһ徭һ⡣
ҪʱߣҪϾѧ۶Եʱʱ񷢱ԼۻǼ⡣ִĻ˵ǽѧ֪ʶ̸̸ԼĿ֮
˵һ򵥵ģľǺˡ
˵ ʵһ۾ܱ֮еӻڿջֻ֪ͷһӾֱܷ濪
ǾһȣԵü˵㣬ڴĿЩĿЩѶȣ˿ҵġõһ򵥵ˣԽ֮һ㲻Ļο϶ǰţҲǲݺӵʵˡ
һЩĿƵƽʱ֪ж֣Ѿﵽ˿Ŀ˲䣬ܴŵóһ˼·ͷԵ
û϶ʱǿ룬ѾʼֽϿʼдһĿĲݸˡ
ȻĿѣҲûоʹӣдݸֻ֮дݸʱһʱȥ޸Ĵǡʱ˵ʮֳģ˿
һ컹ûкڵʱѾдˣʱŰϵĶʰһ£ӿóһ
ʱԼҲﴫС졣
ոճ꣬ȵˮͻȻŵһɶˣ
ѵһ£ˮѸٵķŵϣתӿóһװƿ֣Ͻϣסڱǡ
еȼ֮ŵʱڿҪ죬Χ϶ɱĻᴫʱζ˷˼ִģĿ֣áֻû뵽һһôġ
Ϊ·мв㣬ȻҲУֻһ޲ѡüԵʹáʱѼʱ򣬿֣ȻЩֻ֣һ㲼ҲǷϹģ˽
ſȻһ㣬Ҳ Ҳôˣζ廹ǿܵġ
ʱ岻̾Ϊʲôÿζأרոճ궫ʱѵã
ԼĻ㲻ȵĵԣһ·Ҳûʲô۶Ӳ£ľżȻɣ
Ϊʱ䲻ϣֻ֮ṩһ֧ Ҳдˡľƴһ£˴Ȼϵ£棬Ȼ˯ˡ
ҹȻ洫˲˯ãҲûбѡ
ڶȻһҹȥ˯Щվչһִһ״¬ѧһȭ֮˲١
ʱ䣬ֻʣĿʱ´ࡣ
һҲǵ绹ʱѾ˿
ֻҲǰֻȥֱ翼Խʱܳȥ
ÿĿ嶼ݸ壬Ҳ˶Σֱ޿ɸģѾȫˡʱҲûˡ
ҲûʲôԴʱ䣬ֻǱĿ
֨ӦǸں飬һڶ˰ɣ
Ŀͬʱ֮Χߵ˱ųʱ
ȥʱΪ̫࣬ҲûȥҳǻϣҲʱ˵õģõʱ䣬ֱӸԻȥУҪصһͬһط
ոճ˹ԺмһС˿˹Ȼ󴩹쵽Լͣµĵط
һˣѾͦʱġʱ򣬿ү˹ϽǰЩ۵˵⼸ҲΪүˣǸϽȥɣūպˮүһȥϴһˡ
ƽϴϴĺڿ죬ʱˣоԼѾˣֻϽȥϴ裬ⷬ  Ҫֱӵȥȥ
ӣĿɣҸոտӹԺˡһ˴ԱͻȻ˳Щ˵ӵģ߱СΧţûֻܿվԱ˵š
岻֪Ҫʲôֻһǡ֡
֮󣬿һΧû˳߿Ȼ˵뿼оԵĿһĿҶ֪ء˵˵һһĿ
ЩʧЦţ˭֪ǲ˳ĿЩĿأ˵ˣҲǺϸģٶǾɹģôܻÿй¶ȥأһƭ֡
˼岻ţ˵ɱɣԼ·Ҹ㣬һʱ Ѿ˿ˣʱҲҪǲ򣬵ʱ򿼲Ͼ˿ɱѽɲʮˡ
ʱѾˣΪ˱С˺ͺûֱӾ͵ȻС˼ݳ뿪ĻһҲû


67    ˸ո˵ľ֮󡭡
˸ո˵ľ֮, ܿͻصסĵط⼸һֱǸխȵĺ岻Ҳ֪Լζš
Ҳ纣˵СѾˮ׼, һ, ӹС˵ݹѣϽȥԡˡ
, ʰ׼÷ʱ򣬲˵, ոճǼ, ֪ԡ, Ǳ, ֮ǰС˵ȵʱ˸һ, ʱٹ
岻֪Ǽʲô飬һϵѣһס˻δʸɵͷ, ʹȥԱߵķˡ
ոճȥ֮󣬱ͳɻӭˡ
ƽ, , Ǹոջȥءǰ˵
ʲô𣿾Ȼһˡ֮, ȥķ˵
ȥ֮, ȥ˼, ˹ݸҡ
˿ڲ, ɤ, ȻЩ˵շŰ֮һˣ  ֵڶ͵Ŀ, ʮҡΪȡңóǵһĿ⣬ҿһۣǵһĿһ
üҲпǴ˸ʱ˳磬ѿѸ͸ˣȻġ⡣
ʱɺˣУʱʾҲˣҡҡͷʾԼû
ƽ𣿡һʵ
˵ͷ˵ԼҲˡʵ˵ƽǷνĿ𣿡
ûУûдֱӼݳˣ𣿡뵽ԣЩǵʵ
ҡͷ˵ûСҲٵģڶĿȾ֮Ҳ֪˲ٶȻҲ֪ݿǼٶ򣬷򲻹ֻҪ˳·һ£Ժ󲻽ƾԵصҪȻȥմⶫ
ڹҲΪһû飬Ȼ϶֪Щ֮ճǻҪһ±ա
ʱҲæ˵ԼҲûСʵϣһʼոʱҲеĶġ֪ԼˮƽԿ϶ˣʱԺԶǷ˺ôŹģ˸ŵͷݿ⣬ĻҪˣ˵Ϳ˾أ
ֻҲɵ֪ûϵڱ£ܸı˵Ĵ£ôܾʮأסĶϽҪһ¡
˵ĻشҲһûǷνĿ⣬ҪˣʱҲ˵塣Ҳסһһݿ⣬Ҳǣˡ
ǵ׿û⣬ǾסһģͬһطôֻܾǸ˿أ֮λ޴أ˵绹ץסСˡ
оʱ㣬ȻҲ˲ʷ֮ģԹŴЩļ׮ƾ״Ҳ˽ģֻҪһͱȥ϶ǣ㡣
ִϤƲ˵ɣʱΪƾװ֮Ҳṳ̂ٳȻԩģǵʱ˵壬˭ĺĻõ˿أʱ򣬾ǵٶܴ֮⣬һ
ǿǼٵĻ˿ҲòʲôãȻȫƾԵߣŹҲЩͷһƾٲ׼³ȻЩͷСġݿĻҪˣԴ˵ĳͷνϿᡣ
嶼ǼѵˣûΪһʱ˽ģճ
ȻҶû⣬ôʱ򲻹û£ǣֻ׼һ¡尲οҵ
Ȼô࣬Ѿ߰˷ֵİն϶ӦþǼٿˣģü֪Ͳˣô˶أǸ˼ٱ
֮Ҳ֪˵ǶԵģǶӦڴ϶ˡҲ˸ǣԼץϰȥˡ
ڶһ徭⣬ҪگСھһЩɲֻ徭ܴ⡣ƽʱͶɷЩ鼮ܸȤˣ⼸֮ϻ˲پ⼸⣬ҲǼ죬ʮ˳֡
֮˵ʱߵʱ֮ǰһѧó崩Խƽʱûһͷ飬һ·Ҳ˴֮ΪڴܳõĵȥҲԼܴ˲ٵϵ£ϢҲͨˡ˵ػѾԱȵڳľųɿˡ
ߵʱȥѧĲ¥渺ǼǵҲˣ¥׸ǰ׵ָ壬ָȥˣָ壬йصģ忴ô࣬Ȼûг
ιʱߣһǡս֮ɱ֮ͤެն²Գﻭδӣ ĿĴ˼ʿǣ̿϶ǻԱģҲǺ ڱ߾£͢ս£̸ͨУսֹ˫ϢõġԴʲôأ
⣬ҲûоѡִʱսԺ󣬼սô꣬ڴ󻷾һֱǺƽģڼ⽻¼Ҳ֪˶ٴΡϿ˲⽻ıҵĸߣҲΪͥԭ˽ⲻ١
ֻҪִЩǰ˲֪ܽ˶òŵóľ飬Ȼٽϴܳʵͺ״Ŀ
ֻĿȴ뵽Щġ֪ڴ߽ܳǱߣЩ֣ݷʮĺˣƺЩơ߽λǵʺ׸磬ţҲʣˡ
ӺУҲ֪˲ʮǰս´ǶʱĴ飬˵ʱνǿܳȻͺƾУҲأʺĸ壬жǼճ־õս֮УȻ˳׻ˣǺжȫսֻһӣҲǻʺĸڡ
ڽʮȥˣ˾ýָͷһ룬սҲô׾ƽϢκ˱ضбϢģظ
߹صλ˳˹ޣмҳɣǳаôĴɹǲ١
²⣬γӵλ٣ƾɣοҲǾԵĻᣬλʲߡ
ϣҲ볯Ϊ٣϶ҲսɣΪκ˼Ȼݷʮ꣬ڲڱ߹Сս£ô̸ͨУսֹأ
ôģȻܰλдȥΪĿȻʲôԵģ޳۵㣬ҲҪȥش͵Ӧô죬ƫˡ
ȻҪͣô֮ҪΪΪ仰Ҳ㲻
ҪСͨޣһȿɴٽ߹صľ÷٣ˮƽ˫ཻٸҡҲִġһһ·֮÷չƽ֤ܵ
ԫϦ棬սʿ̸غԴδպϣ챶¤ָһ١忪ʼˡ
ĿʹͬĹ۵㣬Ҳ˲ٿԵĴʩֱҪޣͣ˱ʡ
дÿһ飬ִǾʵģԱ֤ЩڴܳпԵġǾãЩԺòϵģ߹صǳ̣ƱҪ졣
ʱߣÿһҪѲʱ䣬ֱһ磬Եһʱʱ򣬲Žϵȫд겢һͨ
ʱոշеëʣ洫֮ǺеЩƣ˵ǼϸģôӰأ
ûƬ̣ԼԼһ̴ټУ֮Ҳûκ졣ʱںҲܳȥֻܼɻš
ȵһ֮󣬴Ҷ˳ȥ֪ԭʱһϳȥʱΪУͱϳȥ۸ˡ
ϳȥΪһʱ򣬻ʱûдꡣ֪ԼʣµʱдģҪϾҲûָˡ֮ñ˺ãǾԼĺûǽڣ޴졣
ʱ˸ڵиĿһŭ֮£溰ۣ㱻˳ȥ


68 ¥   ֪ʼĩ֮ơ
֪ʼĩ֮, Ǹϳȥ˲ûʲô֮ͬ⡣
ΪʲôԭָʹǻˣȻ, Ҫе
˲ʹ, ôԺѧ֪Լ֮, ȥӰ˰һôԵɲˣ
, ϳȥĿĴҲһ첻μӿƾ, һĻ, ŵĹҪˡ
Ҳǵ, û̫
ҲǿˣĽ͵ŷŰһ, һֱЩڿԷһˡ
Ҳ˵Ծʹ˰Ѷˣǲ֮ǰһſҪӣܰķɼˡ
Ҳǿɿ켸, ҪͶ뵽֮ȥ
ѾѮˣⳡ, ô¾Ҫȥμӻˡ
ʱΪҪȥ, ·ҲҪһ, ˵Ҫһµʱˡһ, ԭԣʱһӾֽ
ܲ, ǶҪǰ׼ȻʱΪ, ЩȫԱ, ɹͷˣˣôŰ֮ǰЩɲ˷ˣ
ǵЩ, ˱ԼԽǱʡ浽һ䣬ߵʤżҲһ⡣ֻ󣬱Ҫصȥ˷ʱ䡣
磬ȥһˣ˴һ˴ʡļط
ȥļ䱾ûʲôǽ֡
ʡ⼸ʮ˲ٽʿ֪ʲôʱʼ˸֮⼪ֵϰߡ
ܸнʿһĲɲУ˵вӵһ־鷨ˡ⼪ģǶˣҲΪհһǰ˵ּġȻͬʱҲڻŴԼ֮ʣҲҪһӣǽ
Ǵ͵ǰľ¥ȥɣЪһЪ ˳ųԸͣϾԷŰ󣬻֪²پһأ˵
ˣҲЩ˸СȷԣȻδŰ񣬵Ǹ˶ԼˮƽҲģܲܿл˴ 
ʱ˵Ҫǰǲμӻԣδеԭ·ȥõȵٴ³һԺĵ涼δ֪
ڳ鵽ǰľ¥ԸҲûƴȥһͬȥˡлܹʵλ͹ҪЩʲô
ΪǳҪͣʱҲûгֻһԵų㵥ǰҲδʡǣȻǲ֪¥ʲôƲˣǵһֻܰɫ˵һ£һ
ǻһ֪⼸λӲʡǵıˣ³ģϾʡǵˣм˲֪¥Ʋأ͸Ͻ¥ľ¥еĲɫⶼС˵㱨һĲ
ȻֵЩѰɫ߻տм⡢⡢ţ⡢ģпӣۣ㣬ȵȣǲ˵Ҳùȥһ⻹ơƣɲͨİ׾ƣ˵ģˬ졣ҪǺȲ߾ƣ⻹Ǹ̲أ̲費֪û˵رܻӭأأǵ̢
ƻ˵ȥuѾԤϵҪ˵ʲôˣòĴˣȻֱŲ˵˼ˣȻֵЩտЩ㡣
굥󣬾͸Ͻȥˡ
굥Ц˵û뵽Щ涫Ѿʡ⣬֮ǰΪ͸Ǳأ⼸飬һֱûгȥʶЩˡ
Ҹ㣬ЩǴߴȥģʼƽҵеģƽЩӶͼȫ˸ˣƻأʸ߳
ЩȣҺƽͬ⼸꣬Ȼ֪Щ˵գתͷ塣
ҲЩЦã͵Ҳûʲôֵó˵ģҲûţܶҲǶ֪µġ
˵ȷʵûЩϢ̸Щӵˣ֮ǰ϶ϢҲ϶ܴĳġ
֮ǰĸǱߣȻûв˶֪Щ涫йصġϾ˽𹤳ô涫϶Եȥʼĩġ
˵ʵǱҪ칤ӵԽԽ࣬һʼ廹˼ȥһµЩط˹˷ӣ̫ˣҲÿˣֻÿһ˶ĿĹĶûжܡʡûнЩʳзӵȶû֮ǰҲǲ֪ġ
ڵչٶȣ£ӦøʡǶѾ˷ӽ˹ɣʡǱЩسϢͨˡ
ո˵ľ仰ĳҲû˹ֻ˵ЦѣǼ̸ʱȻԱһĻȻ󣬵ҲЩš
ȥˣһʵ
ʱЩߵĴţȻʲһٻǱˣǿ汻ߣһҲܲμˣôʹһپˡ
⻰ոʵҲû˵ʲôϾ̯Ҳȥһ١ʱҲһʼǸûѾͺ۵ģǱӰһʱ䣬޿̲ź۵ģһǸûǽڵ˸ڵĿҲһ˵˵Ϊ
Ȼ˱˳ȥ֮ǰѻǱŪķӰ˷ӵ״̬ǿ϶ˣȻҲ˵ѿһĻ
Ǽ˵ĸڣ⼸仰֮ҲȻ³˴ŵ飬ǾͰµ˸û⣬Էˡ
ʱʡǵһջ˱۴ӺϳȥֱһԽֹμӵ꣬˵ſڴϡҲ֪˭˴ʱû֮Ѿˣ뱨Ҳˡ
ʱˣһ뵽ԼһԲܲμӾ͸ǱѾʮˣٵ꣬´ԵʱҪʮˡ
Ҳ֪ʱôͻͷȻðԼҲҪñ˿еͷΪҲ䵽Ҫٶľϡ
ʱȻڵڶʼ֮ǰǸˡ룬ʱʮǷݿ⣬ھͲ䵽زҲΪûͷǷݿĻ˵أ
ҵ˻ó˵һĿأĿ϶ģԽԽʱ뵽Լָеƽ
ǿ϶ֹҪһˣ϶бˡ룬˵Щ˾Ϳݿ⿼أǵã˾ˣʲôûõ䵽أƾʲôΪⲻƽˣȻοУ䵽ľأҲҪЩ˿ˣһǵŰɣȷŰ֮ҲĪ
ţҪϵʹڴЦ


69 Ԫ       Ժڡ
Ժ, ľ
Եǰƽ⣬ƽΪΪƽǺԺѧʿ, , ˵ӦΪƽΪ, ֻǰƽ׸һɵˣҲ׸һ˳, , , ҲΪ˸·, ۵ڸ
Ͼ, ֻҪѭ浸Щһ㣬Ͳ̫Ĳ, ൱һ˾ܵһ֡
ƽûʲô̫ܵϺѧʿҲΪ֮ǰǴθ, ǰҲ·, ڳд˹ϵ, , ȻڶǸԺ̶ѧʿѡ
˻СĽ, Щ굱ְλҲǾҵҵ, ̸ϳְˡ, һжǰһж˳ˡ
ڰƽΪʲôҪڸԭҲܼ, ΪȨƶ֡ȻƽӹǶڴֿɵõȨĶġ
Ȼڸ֮󣬹ְƷһڵƷߣڸȨĵطͬƷ׻ڸԱĵλһ㡣
εٰƽȻͬһϵģЩжԣһԣʲôҲҪһģʱ֮仹Ǻƽദ
˴νԪϷΪӦþ⼸ˡľβʱһλľĿٽݿϵλȻ˵Ԫ⼸浮ʵ϶һܳΪӮѾˡ
ͼλͬľͬűϾ٣ڻҪǼݻͬõǷһͬùλٶᡣ
ƽǼݿһ£Ȼ˹ϵôεϣȴѡͬһݿ
ոǸҲ΢΢ЦЦΪλѡǷݿõġ۹⻹Ǻ׼ġ
ָָеݿ˵ȻݿıʲԱߵһݻʤĴǾÿÿ֮ٿλǵһĿУĲԣ߹ǱãҲ޲ѽļĿҲмأӱؼǲԵÿշӱضй֡
ȻͰƽϵͬɣһ⣬ĲԽԿڱ߹Ǳ߽ŵľ棬ݿ͡
ƽҲͬ˵ģֳܷӵġڸո˵ԱߵǷݣò˵Դǵȷȴ̫̫գвҪأһڿ֮УҲǲɶõļˡ
׶£һݵΪԪ֮ǵڶݣֻӵڶˡ
һڿɺЩɲַ⣬׼Ǽϰˡ
ǷݽԪ֮˺ַ⣬Ҳڿ濼ԭǽ塣Ŀ֮ǰĿ͸浵֮󣬴Ҳŵ֪ԭ֮ǰѾСԪˣҽʮߣнԪɼʣǰ;ˡ
ԣʱʡĽԪҲһãĽԪڻ֮жðףлԪôʱڵϣ״Ԫ֮ư˾ŲʮҲ䵽ϡֻǻȺӢƼ˭Ҳ˵
ڳٲ֪˭ٰƽ֪ģ⻹Դ˵ʱ˵ļ仰
ʱЩոˣϡʱû£ھǸһھǿ˲ٵЩ
ЩȻŮ֮лƽķȻҲСʱȥһ죬ҲûԼǵľӣȻǺɷԹ˼䡣
ƽʱ˵Щ涫󣬱ȥ˲ⱳңûвȻҲΪʱܵƽ֪ⱳܵĵģͣˡ
ֻ߹Щȥ֪ģԭʱ˵ĶǴһصĵطģڷӱ߽ˣӵˣһʮ꣬塣
ΪԴӡȽƽҲ֡ϲĻԪǰǸ;Ǳ߹йϵˡ
ƽڿ˽Ԫò˵һʵڴϻˡ˵ƾˣ˵ԼӵЩ۱һķӺ͵һˡ
Ƿһ߬У˭ۺ죿ǰƽҲĶһ治ﰵȥ鷳˶١˵йԺר֣ȥʱŹʮС꣬ôأ
Ĵ֮ڣѷתˣֻҪʮκ˶ⷽӡһ˭ԸðԺоסӵķȥıⷽأֱʮʡأ
ƽһ̾ һ׼Ű
ŰգԺſڿ˵˼ˣӵĳ̶ȣԺԣ˵й֮޲ˡ
ʡǱô Ҳ¼ȡʮңҪ֪һǣ˾Ͳֹˣʡȴֻ¼ȡôˣĿ൱Сˡ
λʶԪСָ·СҪȥϲˡһ˵
ߺǰվŵ棬ҲвʶģͬǴӻݸĸ ʱ򣬱һǸָָվŵķʱ廹֪ʲôʱǰոջʮӵȺȻɢˣ˲в˳
ʱŵ֪Լ˽Ԫ˵ʵȻ֮ǰǼᶨƵıĿȥģ͵Լ˽ԪĻʮ˷ܵġΪһ¸˶ŬҲڴһˣϲ޷˵ġ
һϲҳԷŰ֮󣬲ϲ񣬺޲ôϯףһ£ҲѹĴض㣬Ͳ
ˣֻȴһδСڸϣǵʮһһʮһٵεĿȻЩҲǲеġǵʮһҲ˵ֻҪʮһ ܿϾˡ
ɺҲûнԵľʵ̫ˡ
ʡǲʮλݸ֮⣬Ҳ˾ˣο˵㡣
ʰ飬λǿеĻûеģҪǽгˡеҪңеĸɴҲһʡߴԵʱˡ
ֻǸոշŰû죬һԱʡǵڶ࿼洫
˵˿оΪǰ˿ġ
һ ûб 㴫˿
Դͷ꣬Ȼ֮ЩǿռϷ磬Դ˺ɵĿЩо˵ ˡ
ˣ첻֪ӺδЩԳһƽǰЩŵ˵
ʲôԣ


70 ȥ       ƽܡ
ƽܺáڽ, ҲŰˣûгʲô©ٵһʱͿԻؾˡ۹㱨˵, Ҳû̫, ֱӾʲôԡ
شˣ治֪Ӻδ, ΰоٵĿЩͨǰ򵽿ſϵģ, вʿӶ, ׷ùٸ߸˵, еЩ˵˵Ҫϸ档Ǹ۱˵ű߿Ŵ˵ɫ
, ȥɣ֪ˡʱ, ƽȻûбֳʲôԸ˵ĸȴԿŭıԵ
Ǹ꣬Ͻ˸, Сȸˡžͺܿ˳ȥ
˵εǵ¼ǳľ֣ƽĸЩɫĪ˵
ĸһֱڰƽߵ, ǰŵ, ĸʮ, 鶼һ¡
СΪ, кֻܴһ⡣δһε, С֪, ˻ص, ǰӵ˲̫Ϊ˶Ըһˮ
ƽЩҲ֪ĸһ²̫ǰ, Ƕڼֱ˵ͬΪ٣Գʲô飬Ҫͬģô˿⣿
ԺģȻڸ󣬵ȴв˶ڼԼһɵģʹ޳ŪȨˣ׸ִȨҲȷʵЩЩҲڳһɺ׸һЩжԵԭ
ƽǶЩ֮ԱǣҲЩαӣ˵ŵʵϺЩװҪʲô
ΪͬƽںԺȻѧʿȴģ෴ЩߣԼ⡣
ڷ飬ȿųвˣϾǿɲһȥ
ڰƽƲֻʣһǳһֿ֣Ҳ̫
һɸɵģôһɺ׸һɱȻ֣ʱһɵ˿϶Ӧ
˻еõģȻͲ˸·ڸˣҪˣ׸Ǳ߿϶ΪȥȻԵһʾˣǱߵ϶Ҳˡ
ƽǵλҲǳЩϵº֣ˮ
뵽⣬ƽϽԸĸȸϽȥ飬ȿһԵǴĴģȻЩϲ߹Ժ
ƽҲܵ˭ڱºˣֻϽ׿ǲǴй¶ȥġеĿǼٵĻãģͷⶥñӣ
Կй⣬ʵ̫ˣֹ£ǸֱӱնͷҼΪ١
˳ڲһߵˣûɣЩɼȥһͬʱ鿴һ㡣ƽѸٵ˵
⣬˱ˣй¶ȥģʱѴ̵ġõķȥ룬ֻǼٵġ
ڰƽֻθϽ²ǰ׼ʩӦԡ
һߵҲɫݵȥѸٲʼĩͰƽͬΪ٣ĳй¶⣬˽׵飬Ҳ׷һյϢҲϽȥ
ԴĴʮֺò飬ûñȥ˾Ѿʲôû˵ֱӾͰס˻ȥ
ƽĸȥҵ꣬ȥһֻøȥЩ˵Ϣ
ǱĸողŴʿʳһ㻰͸Ͻȥ㱨ˡ
ĸĻػƽЩ̫ţԾǴһССʿ⴫ģ鲻ô򵥣ȥǺ˳Щۿ𣿡
ѾȥˣӦûܿнĸص
꣬ûָʹڴôƽͶĲС
ֱӻӻȰ˹ٶᡣ
һֵıȥû뵽Դȥ֮󣬻ᱻ鵽Լϡȥ֮ﰲοԼǷݿ϶ģ϶ģЩ⿼е϶Ҳᱻץᱻųȥġ
⼸ôˣôԴԽԽˣǿĻ˰ɣ˵
пܣЩȺֻԼģҪƽϢȥһʱ䡣ص
Щ̬ȵʱ֪ٵϢ׾ͻš
дϣĿĻЩײſе˿϶ҪߣʱǾлᲹȥˣ
ү˼ۣ֪ҪʲôġҴææܽ˵


71    ֮룬ƽء
֮, 룬ƽ˵ģӦûʲô¡
ʱǼ֮Ҳ, ʱҲЩɻ, ֪ʲô顣
ôƽ淢ʲô飿ǰʵ
֪, ģ˽֮һʲô顣ص
ۺܿͽ, ĸǰ
Ԫ, , С˼ҲǷ˵ʼ仰, ϣмλҲһ£ʵʵ˵۽֮һ֮󹧾˵
Ǵ˴ԵĽԪ, Ժǰ;Զأûв֮ǰֻһʻ, ǿɲҶ̬ȲȥʻʱôǿӲ, ǹġ
Ȼ֪Ҫʲô, 弸˻Ǳʾ, Լϡ
ۿϵ̬, ʻ͸º, ֮ǰҲ洫, ﴫ, ЩеľΪ˿ģΪǶۿ˻ûץС˼ȷ˵ѯһºйӴľˡ
, 弸Ҳ״ʲô顣ʱڹԺ棬ǻ;У˶ӵģǶۿ˽ӴǼ˿ҲͲϡˡ
ʵҲ޷ǾǼ㣬Ǹۿĺ˵ʲôǿɿĿǿǷݿ⣬ǰûˡ
ǼˣûۿˣǶˡʱǼ֮ǱҲûͰ֮ĶԻȫһһʮ˵˳
ʱʻңõʱûжǷݿ߽ݾ̰ǻƽһҪùˡ
⼸˵ĻشҲ˵ͷ⼸˵Ĵ𻰣֮ǰѯʵ˵Ļش𶼲࣬ûʲô롣ټ⼸Ҳûǿ⣬ʱҲûʲôɡ
Ҳ͵ʱĿ˵һϾٱĻҲ֪˭ĽӴˡ
⼸͵󣬳Ҳ˿
ʱ۸׼ת뿪ġȻֺ뵽ʲôתʵǿɻǵǸۿ˳ʲô𣿡
ΪΣвپӶǶۿйӴֻһ֮Ե˭ǵǶۿ˳ʲôģ
ߣۿģôӶйӴһͲֹһˣӦһ˵ļġ
ˣһϢͲ֪ܵȥˣûмʶǣһȥץЩҲ̫ס
ȥѯÿǷǰ˽Ӵʱ򣬶һǻǲǵǰ˵ģܶŪһǰйصϢҲǺõģҲܽץǰˡ
⼸ѯǰЩӵʱ򣬶ֻõһЩɲϢ˴ʲô·ĴôġЩ̫ģˣҼҲһͬһûȷЩ˵׳ʲô
ո⣬ҲֻǸѯʣҲûбʲôϣ
ʵʱǼһȻԼ˵ɷȵһᣬһ¼ǵ˳ʲôģǰҲѧ黭ڵҲܻµӳ
û뵽ֻһ䣬Ȼ֮ϲʱ򵱼ӦûϵлԪˣȽȥţǼȵš
ڴԽ֮ǰ軹ֻ滭ѧһЩԽżϾ֮ʱҲϰһûаЩ£ܵóЩˡ
ʱȻֻǸΪ˶ۿ˽Ӵûж೤ʱ䣬ļԱͲʱǸ˵ôеһ⣬ӡ͸ˣʱ˵òǵû
Խ֮ԼʱõĶԼƵ̿ʣʡǲμԣණҪʰһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪̿ûзŵʰ档
ȷԸϽȥ淭һ£ȻԼ棬ëֽƾż䣬һФΪõëʣˮƽҲޣֻС
ղŻһʱѾҵ̿ùŵȥˡ
ΪڴܳûֻոշëʣڰѸջõͼɵʱ򣬳Ǽ˷׷׵ľȵû뵽ƽĻôã⻭ﻭǱˡ
ոսۿѾʮдʵĻ֮Ҳʮ𾪡
⼸ҲûԵɵģЩͨĻ񣬶ǻֻǷ˴ƣֻǸ˵Ĵص㡣Ǹ˵ͨı˼Ƿ񣬶һϳԼ
Щͨʵ࿴Ϳѻһ·״֮⣬ĶǷ˵ž·ɫͣԼ˵صЩûа̺ӣ۾Сͷխ
Ȼͨʮֵĳ󣬵ǺôҲЩáһÿͨ棬˷˵ĻԼһЩϢ֮ģḽ͵Ľ֮±·򡱣Ȼһʮֳͨ׽÷ʮѣͣһտԱֻҪͨĻһƣΪҲܹٱһץסӷĿܾʹˡ
Ԫ񻭵˾Ǽ⸱񣬾һ۽ӹǷ޵
ǽӵ֮ǵһȣȻ˵һ
ǼѾõˣֻҪץˣȻҲ˳ϵҳҲںһʱˡ
ëʣ̿ڰֽФ͸˳ˣٶҲûþͻˡ
ʱ˼Ƿ̿ʻФ֮󣬶ʱǸӾ滭ĿźѾûʲôˡ
ǰĻһǿβȡ
Ǽֵ֮󣬶лԪǰǴæˡ
֮ǫĻһ䣬֮˵ٵǼȥ鰸ˣǼ۳ȥ
Գ˽Ԫ󣬻Ǵ˶ʶˣסطȽƫƧտʼ죬Ҳв˶ҵ˵ҪݷһȻҲȥμӾۻᡣǰһݷõ˶Ҫר׼ԸˣЩһûм
ס˶֪ˣʱǼ۽סĵطʱв˶Դ˹עͨԻ⼸֮ǰΪҲ֪۽ȥǸʲôġ
Ҫ油


72 ½չ   Ϊ滭
Ϊ滭񽻸, ˲ʱ䣬ǼҲһֱš
Щǲ֪Ǽ۲ȥǱʻʱ, ûþͳ, һֱûʲôǾͲ»᲻ǸĽԪʲô, ȻΪʲô۽ȥôûأ
һջ棬һ˷δеĿȥǱ̽ϢС˸ոջ, ˵֪۽ȥǸﵽڻûг, Ͷ϶ԽԪ, ǸƾԼʵеġ
ʱ, Щ˵Ҿ˵һСطĿôܿнԪأԭǿ׵ġȻͷ֮, Ԫͷ϶Ҫߣȥ
Ȼ˵ĽԪߣȥҲֲȥ̲ס˵һͨ
˵ʱ򣬿ջﻹԻݸĿ, ǶͱȽϤˣʱڮ, ȻͿȥˡ
嵱ʱǴνѧ֮пǱδ׿ڿ޹, ֤ĲŻ, Һ漸꿼, ÿζµһ, ѹЩ˲ٵˡ
ͬԻݸ, Ǵ˴ķ, һ̶ҲӰЩͬԻݸĿݸԺķҲܵɡЩԺ˵ԼԻݸʱ, ˵ܵƫ
£Ǽ٣ǶҪΪ粵һ
ո˻䣬˳ûг˵⻰ǲЩ׵Ԫףֱе飬ո˵ҿ
Ļ֮󣬸ǲƾʲô˵ҿǺһطİɣȻôΪ˵ǸΪǣΪʲô۽סĵطڻûд
˵˼۾Ҫ˵أ׼˼ҶһᰡҿǼʣϾ˼ҿǽԪ˶ûϡҸԪںδ彲ѧʱ򣬿Ǳδ׿ڿ޹ģδӦ֪ǺҲɣǰ滹СԪأССͱ˲ŻˣҪͨײܿ𣿡
ִһʣֲ£˭òʱջһ˸ոȥ̽ϢСҲˡ˿ջЩֵķΧСˡǱ߿ʲôչ
˻һ꣬Ǳ߸ոڽֵ˱㶼ŵĳ˹
ǸСȻҲܸܵߴｩֵգЩŵĴոǱߵļλ۴˴ǸԪСǱߴϢ˵ΪԪסǶۿ˵ĳ࣬Ф񽻸ۣŵ˲ʱ䡣
ոΪ˵ǸݸĿ⻰ڷʱ˵˵ո˭Ԫţ˼˵Ϊ滭ӷĻŵЩʱ䣬һС£ƫƫǵ˼˸ڳԡ
˵⻰ó˿ڶ˵ŸոջԪˣɫǱȥˣ˲١
ɫȥ֮󣬲֪˵ʲôһ£Щæ߹ȥסǸС˵ĸ첲Ǳߵۻ˵ʲôû˵һ¡ϣչܰһ֡
ǸС˿סԼʱӽˣЩ͵˵۴˳֮ã˵ǸԪĻǲͬͬ죬ǻ񻭵ĺһǻҪлԪôһæء
仰ԭŵ˶ʱɫήĿ֮¸Щѿո˵Щʱ򣬿вˣڿЩ˵ôЦء
ʱ򣬸ոǸ˵ĻݸѧӣڿǸͷһ˵۶ԪĺãʱӷĻҿҪȥǵ׻ʲôû뵽Ԫڶһ֮вŻҲˣ黭һϵҲĳЩĪģ˼ҲýԪ˭ã˵ЦŻصջķȥˡ
߷ķ粨Ȼǲ֪ģ֮ͳ̸顣
ٶȣ˻񣬹ƺܿܰץˣ죬ȳ䶨֮ٻȥɡ˵
ɺǶҲͬ뷨
γ壬ʺ˶ûпУǴ⼸ʱȥģڳ£ûгǷҲʱˣ´ԿɻأǾ;߶ЩʱաȵߵĻǲ̫̤ʵ
Ϊ˲˷ʱ仨ڸ·棬Ǵֱʡ߲ȥģʱ˳Ļ֮ҲûȰ裬Ͼھˣûпĺչǿ϶ȥ֮Ҳһֱ顣
ûгҲһֱ棬¾Ҫˣʱɲˡʱżӳ˻Сһ½չ֮ʱ䣬嶼˶档
һߣǼõ֮һŻȻȥһʣµǼȥѯˡ
ԺǱߵİƽˣɳȥ˲ϴϢһֱҲˡȻǶۿ˻ûץסҲ֪Ļ󵽵ûڲ飬ѾԿ϶ǣЩǼٵˣһҲͲΪ˵й¶ˡ
⿼٣Щڿǰۿ˶Ҫץϳͣ˷Ժ󻹲ɴ
Ǹ۰ѴǵĻȥʱ򣬰ƽ֮ҲһҲǰղع黭ģ黭һҲЩоڿżĻһʱҲǿ滭ַ³Ļɰɡ
֮ѯۺ֪ǸԪƽָһ㣬ﰵû뵽Ĺ㰡
ʱҲʱڵ֮ҪϽ
ƽȰеһȥһŸϽȥ鷻ǱߣӼӡһЩСȥ
Ǳ߿ŰƽµĽչ֮ҲûʲϾ˴ĳ˵һģһ˵ùôһҲò˺áŰƽ߽չǱ߿֮󣬱ɴԼߵҲɹȥæҲ㰲ģʱϵóˣ˱仯ȻµĻ鴫ǱߣǱ²
ƽҸ㣬ǻ˿ץˣ˵Ƕ࿿㻭ǷأΪǷ˼ֱһģһ˸زסܿͱץˣ֮һˣҲһ˳ϴˡڹƺܿ¾иˡ˷ܵ˵


73        ֮Ц
֮, ЦŻصٸǱߵĶͦģ¾ƽϢˡ
ʱ䣬ûֱӻȥ, һֱʡǵ¼Ľ, ڿǵȵˡһǴͻȥˡ
ʱٸǱ, ƽһͬµ˻㱨²Ľ
ˣѾǰ˷ֿ, ҲйˡйĹ˵, ζۿ, ҲΪĴҡΪĵļٿ, ҲûʲôӰ죬뵥뿿һ, Ҳû뵽ôкûָʹԼһ⡣
Աһ²˵ǻ˵ʱóĹڵһԵĿ, ȻԵһΪһ˺üεĿ, ԾҲ, Ϊһ, ˴һ¡ʱһһ, ˳ȥ, ȻѸٽһĿī, ǻˡ
ƽ, üȥˡ
һȦû뵽͵óôһ˼򵥵Ľ֪ΪǶڳþˣǺ޲һٰʮ, ĻбΣµĻ㱨ǶЩԾ
˶ۿ⣬˵ҲӦСһ㣬ܿ˶Ŀǣû뵽Ȼʱڴ֮ͥ¾뼴Ҫ³ĿӴ
˵ǸΪһЩԼС˼ԭֻ֪Ķۿ鴫ȥԲӦôô죬û죬ʡǶˣЩʿӵ̫ˣںɿƵġ
Ȼ֮ǰԼжԣϻһµģǶ˱㶼ղļĸȥ̽
Ϊ˲¼ǻȥ²Ľ˳ȥ
Ϊϵþˣ˶ʿǼͲճˣǶ˶Ҳᱻסѱʱڳϱһ²
ЩˣΪⲻģҲﲻ
ʵÿﶼп˼Ǻų꿼໹Ѻ⣬ǹˣԭĿںȥ͵͵ۣʮǷˡ
ӰҲʮֶӣôһͨԣ˶鷳⣬ӣдʮ󣬳䡣
Щ￼ʿǣҲ޹ģҪҪ׵˼ôأһˣһԲ³Ҫꡣ
Ǹģ˵Խ֮ԣҲ˵ûи飬ȰѲ֪ٵϢ˳ȥ
֮˵ƽᷳ£ԣǰƽҲ֪Դô죬Ҳܰ쵽ġټҲûǷݿ⣬ҲƾոֱӰѾҪƵӵ˳ȥ
ڳȥ֮᲻ᱻЩ˿ⱻ֮󣬽ֹ½³ʿǨŭͲö֪ˡ
ƽɳȥˣ֮󣬶ʾûв鵽ʲô˲ݡʱҲЪ˼ȥ˼
Ǳ͸оЩԣڼȻ鲻ʲôˣǾֻ˵ⱳ˼һˣ϶ͰµĺۼĨˣǼȥҲֻùѡ
Ǳߵһլ һǸո³Źٷˣɫĸˣûºۼɣ
İɣˣûºۼ˵ȥˣֻһʼ˼ǻӴΪۿûʲô̫ϵ ûЩסԴʱС˻صؽƶʱҪС¡
ţΪǻôͱץסˣŹٷʵ
иĽԪû滭ҼԻãͺǻеһ棬ͼסģȻ󻭳Ļ񻹼棬ͺһģһǻ˸û㣬ûþͱץסˡǸĸص
ҲˣΪǻܶһʱ䣬ϵľһ㣬ûûʹء
ˣȥɣ˻ӻֵ
ǣˣСȸˡ
ĸ֮󣬴Źٷϣ룬Ǹƽã´οɾͲһˡ
ͬʱҲߺޣǸƽƷͬҪȰƽҪߣ׸˾ȻǸӹ·
ƾʲôѵΪǸƽиõµ
Ūٳ棬Ƿݼٿ濼⣬뵽һ˲ٷգȥ͵ʱ򣬺ʧܣĶҲܱܿټϵʱ͢Ҳ϶˹ȥ˵úܿͻ鵽ϡ
ûиЩֻ˲źۼյЩˣȥۼٿ⣬ԳһѶѡ
ȻЩðƽ˽ǣҲͷöһ˵ʱã֮󻹻ᱻһͨأ
κͰƽһͬ⣬ûǷᱻ Ҳһ ෴ЩжԣŰƽһùּء


74        ȴܱ׸ˡ
ȴܱ׸֪, ֪԰ƽ֣϶Բ˶ߡãȥӦðµĺۼĨ, Ӧò°
ʡ֮, ǼѾѾĹõ, һȥˡ֮ǰ, ҹﻹһϥ̸һ˴, ´μͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
֮ǰΪ, ۸ץǻ, ҲǴһˡƽһǰ;꣬˵û£, Ҳȥһֵ⡣һ˸ȥһ̨һ֧ë, żǺö, ȴҲԵùڹ, ҲǸлгˡ
֮, Ҳ˰ƽ⡣Ȼ֪߶Զ, ǲ, ֻҪĻ, ܽ볯Ȼ, ڲ£꣬Ҳƽ£ȥҲ׼˵㶫˹ȥ
յ͵Ķ֮Ҳ֪ƴǲ, ͸ɴˣȻҪмһġ
ʱѾǾˣ£ʱҲˡڽʱһӦȫɺ氲ţÿճϹ̶Ķʱ֮⣬ʱ򣬶ڷ顣
Ȼûлأʡкڣǰڼʱ򣬹ûʲô𡣹ʱ򣬺ͻŵأ˰Щ׼ãһһͳȥûġ
ںԼүҪʱôЩȥŵүأ
ʱĺܿ죬ûã͸׼ȥˡȥһ·иͷȣòͣϢʱ
˴ԹȻЩݷõһܣǾͳԪͷҲľԶ
׼ʰûãһͬ
ȥǲμҲ·;ңԶ·Ҳָʲôأһ·ҲȫһЩߵ˾֮Ըʡǵľӿ϶ҲǸԱţǺ嶼ͬһʡǵģϵԶҲܻӦһ
Ǵ˽ԽԪ˵СЩӢ۳ҲѰ忴ͷģһȥǣҲиĹǡ
嵹Ҳûƴǣһ·ҲûʲôӦգżһһˣҲЩˣʮءҲΪֻء
ЩˣһĶҲܼ򵥣ǵҲиӦϾڳмȥǵģиͷȥǺܺ
һЩĶˡ
·ϣԴӦǵһһһµ֮˼״Ҳ塣·϶ʱǺܵģҲûжʱ俴飬Щ˵Ҳûоܾ
һ·ҪǵʱʹҵĹϵҲ˲٣ҶʮģڻȴѾܽг֣ѺõĴкˡ
ԭǾ𣿡
һÿӿǷֵľ󣬸̾ŵ˵
ӽ£ʡǣǷ٣ϻż߹ȥһѲߵĽʿҲһ͡
֮˶ѡסջģǿջ棬ÿ췹ʳˮҲһӦȫúܡѾϰסˣȻûкЩһ
м˿ȥ˸΢ЩƫƧĵط˸լӣ֪ԭ֮Ҳһ˸
ǼҲеǮסլӱסջأҲ˵һû˴ţʮְԺúϢһջӭģܰء
ĲҲʱԿʼиʮҵʱء֮ϵرľȫ֮󣬾ǱգҲۿɼ
ǾǾǣߵ￴ûпĿԴǡīˡ⡷ִĻƸܾ߿ģ֮飬ֱʤֻһҵһʮ֡巭һ£Ҳе滹˵ҲԾЩдʮϸ͸
ˣ廨һ磬ʮġǰ⡱ȥЩвôġ
ЩרƾעСӣ˻٣һȥ۸ҲһǮӣˡ
ʹڻʺľУһڸʺ밲
ǻʺĵŮʱҲھŻʺ
ԿûмҪʼˣʺβᣬأ˵ǺϷԵġЩˣǲμӻˣزŻǹģҲϷˡ
˵⻰ǹҲĵûϳ谮һ˻ϵĵһӣһֱܸߡ
˵⻰ɲΪã⾩˭֪֮ǰǸ׼Ϊˣڻûжһ׼
Ѿʮˣ˵ͨ˼ҵСжˣ˵⻹ǻʼˡ
Թ˵⻰ϺΪ룬ʵǴżĵġ
ǲμӻԵľӣвŻܱȵ⾩еȨӵʵϣһأ£һ
˵껰мɸŸͣȻҲЩһֱԼĴڸУҲͽȥ
ʺ͹һﲻ ˵ĺá
ʺȻҲ֪ûʲôģƷһڣ˽˵ͲιˣͷһŮȻΪĵģʱҲˣλҲȥɣҲͲˡ
ϣȻʺô˵ˣҲͲˣþףҵһɾˡЦ˵
㣬ôǵĸиѽ¿ûĸģҪУǹҲڵˡһͻȻ˵
һҭҲԸǺƽϣʧ棬ȻѾӣ϶ΨһŮǺܳ谮ġ
֮󣬹ֻʣ˻ʺͳ
ʺ˵ȻոҲûʲôģ˵ĻҲһֵġλԣҲ˲ſҲһûкġ
ǴӾеȨҲ϶漰ǣ⣬Ӵ˽֮УҸ׵ġ
ʺһŮŮҸ
ڹ˻ϵĵһӣҲã֮Ҳ˸ӡ
ȻЩҲúõˡϾӣв˾Ѿվˡ
ǴȨңȻᴿ⡣ŮͶӰһֻŮҸС


75 Կʼ       Ҳĸġ
Ҳĸ, ֻȴ밴ĸ
һεڵʱȻûʲôоŷ֮, Ҳܰס, һԳҲûʲôƾ, ֻΪڹ꣬ǰѻƳˡ
֮, һ˾ûм, Ҳûʲô, Ҳûʲôﲻϧġ
֮, ҲƵˡȻвԣԼڵ״̬ͦ, һҲسˡ
ȻҪԭǣԺˣôԹ淢, Щ޳Īˣڹﰲ, ǴϢ϶ҲǱȲǰͨ
ڹҲԽԽ, ҲԽԽĸ, СҲǲ, ڹ, ܰĸһ, Ǽ, ôԺʣĸˣĸԿ
ĸԼıߣĸ, ĸֻһֳȴҲԶڱ߹أԶˮȲ˽𣬷ֻԼΪĸﻮһ
ߣҲĸĵǡȨ֮ӽף϶ǣôĻ϶ô⡣Ҳ֪ĸϣԼĺãֻѵ׵¿ʿӽ׾Ҹ𣿷ɲš
ճ׵ʱ˻Ϊݾ룬϶άֲ˶ã˼꣬˾ͻԵ˼ʼģ檡޹غ˵ĵλģ˵ӸԡȻԺ˭ײһ
ĸʣ겻Ҳ˵Ժֻĸһ˵Ϊĸ޷˵ļ޸˵ǸۻӵĸʣҸվڸʵ󣬰ʶ£֮Ϊס⽭ɽȫȥ˱߹أͷԭټļ壬ֻʣ˾˾˺ĸˡ
ʣȷúܺãδǻ֮ǰͨûУǻҲǿú󹬣ĸһˡֻǺĸҲֻһŮҲ˵ǲ⣬Ц˵ûлҲ£Ժ̫ŮҲӽ쳣谮
Ǻ֮ϿʼϸۣȰ븸ʾʵ󹬣ãָĸΪȴµƷԣûӣű˵˳
˵Ϊƽ⳯ϵĹϵѹŷʵ󹬣ﻹһֱֻĸġԴ빬ȥĸǵʱԽԽ٣󹬵ȴԽԽࡣںΪ˵һӣǸˣԹǳ谮ǳһҪǸΪ̫ˡ
ĸҲһӣȻ룬˵ʱʺλӶҪˡ
ѵʺĸǺɽ͵ֻ񵽵ҲߵһҲҲһһһ˫˵İˡ
ԻͺȨ֮ӽףԺΪͬ棬Ҳ˺ǵһԱޣԺྴˡ
ֱӾͺĸ˵һôͳأ˵ˣҿܳΨһĳһϹ˭Ҷأֻڹĸ󡣡
ʺˣȻ˳ŮŮģŮߺȥռһ½ʿӵϣŵȴ˽쿼Խøһһпеأ
ʱգ۾͹ȥˣ֮ǰҲȫһ飬ջҲС
ڴڼ䣬ʱھΪٵĽڣ֪֮󣬻ǲ˸һЩڴ˴ٵϡ
һԣȻǰ֪˴λῼʲôȴҲܸݱεĿ˭һ֪̽Ϊѧʵרо򣬻ܸ⣬ĥٵϲáһзڿǰ׼һ£ʡЩ
Щܹ֪ͨģڽΪ̽ЩʮָмҲֻܵŻԽԵŰлˡ
Ƕ£ڶ죬Ҳڱʮֵĺ䡣
ȻǾǣǾһЩѾμӹԵ˵߹ԺĻʡǱߣвءʡǱߵĹԺҲôã©ѽ˵ˣ©ĺǷһֱܶˡÿ꿼Կһͱ̧ȥˣҲһ㶼ÿԶܼϼ
Ϊ˷ֹףϴ·Ҳй涨ģҪʵ£Ҳ룬Ȼ˽ѼʱΪ˼ϵ·ûмдѲۣܰ·޻͹ˡ
һ磬賿ʱҲûѾŵ·극׼ˡ
һҪͬһȥģһû˯ʱ䣬ֱ˻ҪŸٱ
Ļ磬ʱ򣬹Ժ棬û̫ˡΪ̫䣬ûȥֱӾȵʱ䣬˶һЩȥ
ʱң⼸ÿ춼мֶϰߣѧһЩȭŹʱ򣬾·һЩоֵܼȥġֻǵʱںٲҪֽŵģǰЩĿǰעǸС֪̿趼ṩġ
ûжã˰֪ǹԺſˣýˡ


76    ºģɲ ǿԡ
ӻů͵ȥ, Ͼܸܵ溮紵ϱĸоûһᣬͻ˹, ҲӦˡ
֮, һʱ䣬ھòǲ, ûаή֮СŶӽʱ忴˲ٷ糾͡һ뵡֮ɫӦӡ
², ҪôЩ, һǲμӻ, ûо, ʱûаźã⾩֮, ûüֱӵμӻˡ
ȻһԭǾ·;ңԶľ, ʵǲáΪ·;ԭԽ, ȷŰ, Ҫ򾩳߸, ҲֻڻԿ֮ǰ, ǰ, ֮, , Ҳûа취飬ŴĽͨʵڲ㡣
ÿ꣬˾ǵľӼ, ΪزǼгȥòТֲɿء
ЩӼҾƶμӻԵ·ҲһʲСӣã˵ʵƴҲõĳٲһʹ
֪ܳϿ˵ǻԵˣμӻԵľǿԸ·Զȥӵģ·̽һ·Զʮ;УסվԺȶѵģʡһǮ
ֻǼªһЩվṩЩʳܶ˶ԸԼѿеĸһ˾ǵʱ򣬻ʣһЩء
ΪȥǲμӻԵľˣȻҲǿȥ·ѵģȱһӣҲûȥ
źãһһôǰۺ
ǰͻʣ¼ˣȻϾҪˡ˵ʵʱ˵ҪҲǲܵģɰҲڴһˣ˵˴λ»ԪҰġ
һѼ죬Ա߻ʱʱĻ߹һѲߵıʿҲׯ¶ˡ
˴Ѽ죬ҲҪѵ·ģۻ쵽һªһȻҲż©磬Ǳ棬Ҫůһ㣬ûô䣬ܳŵùȥҪֱ·Ѽ죬ƣ⻹ûأ͵õ¼
ȻڵҲòȥȻôһ㣬·ʮֵ䣬òײſסԼעûеŸ첲
Խ֮ǰѼ죬Ǻ޲ͷ˿һ飬в·һ㲻ԾüһЬֻҪ涨˵ĺȣֱӸûգǲ鷳õЬͱһ飬ĶǶģʲô
Ѽ֮󣬴ҶʮǱһݣû˭ȥЦ˭Ҷࡣ
ηֵĺλúܲģ컹ɹ̫ůһ㡣һȻṩ̿𣬵ˮṩģλãҪˮͺܷˡ
֧Ȼ˺ſٷַȻҲûţڵȴʱʰһºᣬѺŪøɾһЩ
˴λԵˣͬҲʮˣһҲжʮҵӡΪ˴λԣϵشλ֮Ѳ˺ü˳֮ʱˣλٲ˰ѿַλ
һ⣬ĵ徭ҲǾ⡣ҲǹˣÿҲЩ׵ĿˡԵǻԣȻǼͣǱѶȴ˲٣еĿľһ᲻ע㣬һľƫ⡣
һĿйоأɣΡΡгɹҲ¡
£ִ߿еͷ⣬һЩü˺ѵĿŪžûһĿǰôһĿǻģҲÿЩ
ļ䣬ǳԡ̩ӳҢĻ˼˵Ң˺ΰҲҢĹҲ̫׿Խˡ
˼׿ףʱҪҲˣҪʥ͵Ļ֮˵ҢΪЩ£ЩˣȻҪҪ˱һǴܳҲӢ䣬ȻԼҲҪЧ¹Ŵɳһҵ
ȻĿܼ򵥣ҲҪСģ֮ܳܶĿһͷ⣬ֻҪȷûʲôԴǴһ㶼ûʲô⡣
дһĿͿʼڶˡ
ڶĿѶȱһֱͬնǸѶһȥˣһڶžСѧӼ͸аɡ
ڶĿֻһ ǡһ֣Ϣ̫ˣ͵˵ǡ棬⡰ͳ˲ʮΡ
ʱ򣬹Ժĺ棬вٿڤ˼룬ʾ֭˼ʲô
ſʼμԵʱ򣬾һֱĻƫ⣬徭ǱĹ죬Щܳƫľӣȫص㱳С
ӡûǴĻеһ䣬Ǿ仰ǣԻ̲㣬֮䳹Ҳ 
֮УһǶϾ䣬ҲҲһ嵱ʱˣŶ仰ӡ̡
仰ǰȫǣԻ꼢ò㣬֮ΣԻԻ̲㣬֮䳹Ҳ
Ի㣬벻㣿ղ㣬㣿
λ˼ǣ³ʹҲô죬Ȼش˵Լ˰ʮ֮һŰʮ֮˰Ҳãô˰ȴش˵ոоô᲻ƶθ
ĿִĻ˵ǿľǾ䡰긻𣿻ǡո
ĿǸ˼룬ҪǾȸȻ򵥣ֻһ⣬ȴҲһιĿ
ʱ򣬻࿼ĳأѾ˼·óĿɲһ㡣
дΩڸѣ˱䷨ǡΩڷ꣬ʽճд
ͷֱ⣬˵Ŀݣּƿ Ҳ̫ƽõ⵱ʯ쾪ǰһ֮Уִ߿һݻû Ѿһ߷֡
νƵĺˣĿѣڻĿ˼ûأˣдֻãһȺ濼ľʱ򣬱ˡ
дţΪ֮ȡδݣΪߣ顣Ϊ֮ȡ¹࣬Ϊߣֵơ
д֮ͿͿĸģǼ˼飬ûзɻһЩԵĴڷɵİܵˡ
ʱ ҲûдΪԴϿÿǽȥר֮ܳ󣬲ſʼĵģͷֹּ׵
Ҫ(><)


77        ļĿǡ
ļĿ, ǽش⣬ǲѣĺ˳, ЩĿҲȷǵꡣ
һ, Ŀǡ˶Բʫƣǽش, һ㶼ش⣬Ŀ, ǰԡѧ, һȴǳѧ˸Ӵŵġʫ
Ŀ, Ȼͬ, ǱǸֻһֵġĿĿֻҪ΢һ֪ĳ, Ͼ徭һûб뵽˳ĿҲͲ̫ˡ
ԺԵʱ䰲ţʵҲǲ, Ȼÿһֻ, ڶ, ˯ʱ, ǿ, ҹͱѹüΡ
ȻڿҲޱ, ֻޱȻǸɾȥ, Ϊ˯Щ, ҲܲôˣֻҲŸŰɡ
鷳ˮ̫ˣˮĲܺ, ҲЩӲˣҪЩˮȻˮ˵㶫ž̹һЩ
ּ֮д
Ϊǻԣǰǽ࣬ٶҲȻǷһЩʱҲõĶһЩʱ仹Ǻܳԣġ
λԵĿǵһĿĶѶȵģһ죬вʣĿûжʡ
磬彫˺ü飬žʱѾвٿᶼжˣҲѾдˣ׼ųȥ˰ɡΪڽʱͿԳȥˡ
ȥ֮󣬽רȷ֮ȥַ⣬űȡԺǱߣŷС֮ǰѾһͳȥˡȺ˹ҲǴ˴λ֮еٮٮߣ˭Ǹǰȥ
֣
ûʱһһˣ˼ҺԼкȻҲص֡
к֮˱㿪ʼ̸λԵһЩ⣬ִÿοһ֮ͶԴ𰸵ѧһ֮ϲǱͲһˡ
ȻûпԾͶԴ𰸵ϰߣһ˷ܵȻҲ˼飬ȥ˵껰֮˲Ҫһú׼Ĳ¡
Ҳ֪˵ҾЩ̤ʵһ㣬е׺Ųᡣں˵֮ǷĶˣҲ˲ٰգģһȥҲú׼һġ
ô˵Ҳûٶԣ͵Ǿףִ˴οһ˳ˡ
ţҲǡ
͸ո˷ֱ󣬸˼һ⳯첽˹һһ˵ѽ䣬үһܿˣǸϽȥȵ㽪ůһů
ʵѾϰȻ䣬ҲͣЩҲǶǰĶȻڿͱĲУдµʱܶøӰ쵽
ȥ֮ĵĳ˶ȺķںÿŸӲҲʵЩܡҲûпõ飬Ű˵Ҿ˯ˣ賿첻ʱҪٴγȥԺ볡ģһ졣
ڶ֮ǰ־͵һ޼Ѽ죬ŵԽȥ
ڶһȻگھѡһȻǺԵĵڶĶҲǲࡣ˵ϲıڶˡ
һǰһȣصǶⷽճ̶ȣдĺóʮ׵ġڴҶδ̤;ľӣҲǶٵģҲ޴ȥдԺ֮Ρ
ֻԵڶЩԺٺ飬ʱҪȥʱ򣬿ⳡԽҲƶһˡ
һǼ׳ʵģΪگھ⼸ܸݿǰģһġġŸʽдֻҪעһ³νмɻЩ⣬Ͳ᷸ʲôԵĴ󡣵оˣ⣬д
úõģһúãǶϰҪΪΥĵкԺҿ϶Ҫɳ٣жãԺôϰΪ
Ժͻ֮У˶Ϊڶʧġ
۵ĿǡҢ˴˧ʡԭǣҢ˴˧ʣ֮غˡߡδ֮Ҳιҡ˼ҲܺöŴҢۺ˴˵ıʣµ˶塭ΪһӣӦԼ˲ҪȥԼûΥµ飬ȻܷԱΥµ顣
˼öοƪȴһ⣬ˣҲζдļɫÿע⵽㣬ƪס
˴ΡΡҢʥ֮ʻĺ֮ġЭǰ˶Ϊ˴һʱ֮ͷ
ִһͷԼ۵дֱӰͷд㼫˳ˣֻ˲ˣд֮ٴμ֮ʱǾ޿ɸ֮
گھѡǱǡʥլھʦлĿǼ򵥶ˣĸʽǲֻ࣬мҪԼӣⷢӵҲǿˮƽĵطˡ
ǰۺͱȻֻϣÿ٣۱ûʲôҪġ
һ۱ȻǶдһˣֻǶдһҪ֮ΪһÿһЩдһõķϻȥǿٸտһ۾Ͳ뿴ˣǼΪġ
ۺͱǺϸģдĲ൫Ҳ٣Ϊдһ㣬һӲգ֮ˡ
ۺͱдʱѾȥһˣʱֻʣˡ϶ȡذΪ⣬쿼а
ǡɡŽԿϻرܡĿܳ˵Ȼѣ˵֮ǰᵽýһЩڿˡ
Ŀдļ쵽˵ʱѾʰö׼ȥˡ
ȥʱ˻٣ֻȼˣǺһǰġ
ڴҶվڹԺſǱߣŶӵųȥ
߹ȥ˵Ԫⳡ÷ӵĲɣ
һ˵⵹ҲˣҴ˷ȴдһˣдĳʣ׾Ͱѹȥġ
Ԫ㲻Ҫǫ ѹһͷ⣬д¶ѽأ ôˡ
ں澲ţֻųȥûг
֮ʱһִȥ֮һб㳾䶨֮С
һ ɰܽڴˡ
Ҫ


78        ǰʱи
ǰʱ, иԪĹʿΪԭҲ֪ô, ÿβμӵԶ, ֮ԭͬľһ˽ʿΨβ, ҲͽԹ
ʱڴ̣ȻԪһ֮ܵǱȥͶˡǱߵҲûΪݶ֮, ˹١
Ԫ, ȻԶ, ȷвܵ, ֮һֱΪ˳ıߣǰľ, ǰľܡ
ԪȻһڵĹʿǲô˵ȫ֮, ǵ֮ٮٮߡƾһΣһȴֻ¼ȡ, Ԫһ·ߵ˵, ѾӢˡһ, ȴΪй, Ϣ, Ҳʵó֮ϵ˶
ǰʵȡѵ, ӢҪ, ñйáԺڵУ̭κιʿҲ˵, ֻҪԹˣԾͲˡ
¼ȡʿڳ͢˵ҲǶְּ飬ԺٷԪһ飬ҲǽԴϲˡ
ܳȻҲǰƶȣֻ̭֮κˡ
Կˣ˵һҲͶˣ֮ϵΣԺ٣ֻͬĹְҲͬˡ
ȥ֮ĵڶ죬彫ԼȫĬ˲ʱ䡣Ϊÿһƪ¶嵱ʱһһԼĥģ̣أ
ү⾩ǵǮƹˣҪҪȥһ֮ʵ
ǮƹһʼûзӦȻǮƹ˭
Ȼ˼ˣҲܰ˼Ҿ֮⣬Уҵһ¾͹ȥ
һסһլӣеطӴһ¿ˣȻһͬסĻʱ͵ð˼뵽Լ
ӣþò߶ˡǮƹҲǮ˵
Ǯƹˣ߶֮˵ǮƹˣȻǻӭ֮ˡص
ոջԿ꣬ʱҲ֮ǰôˣӴһ˻ǿԵġǮƹھܰȵĿ˼ĹӣӦҲеģһ֪ǲμӻȻǲѡ
ǮصʱģԸչҲ˼̫š
Ѿ˽ԪʵԾԲڣǰ;Ժ϶ҲϾ˭ССڶ֮࣬Ūôһݼҵģˣ϶Ǹӹš
ڳŻԻûŰȹһЩϵܱȵȷŰ֮ĺãҲʻ֮ӡ
ȻǸֻһδʽ̤;ľӣǮ˼Ҵùϵ
Ǯһһ⼸½½˲ٺöķӹҼǮҲߣ׬ֱǾţһë
⼸ƾſĹÿ׬ĵӱȥʮ׬Ķࡣ߹ ⾩ÿȥʿǹıǰǿǺöˡ
ߵǮ治٣׬ӵʱʱҵԼȥǱߣܵõݻԵ
Ǯ˴λԲպҪŰ֮ţ練ƣ¾ǰףˡ
ˣǮƹ̫ˣδŰǸδ֪ģ˭Ҳ˵׼ˣһҪлǮƹļˡǫ˵
Ǯǫֻ֮ЦЦûзΪӵԶǲ⣬֮ǵȻӱ׻ǵһΣΪ׼һЩڵʱעϣѾдֽˡϣЩܶҲЩɣ
ûƴ ҲҪģԲȻԣֱӽһᣬʲôùܣֻҪͷרĴС
ԵʱҪڴ֮ϣĿ֮д£Ȼֵעĵطˡ
ŵȻԷŰ֮ȥһڵԷϢû뵽ǮƹھȻ͸ˡ
лǮƹˣм˵
⵹ ֻҪԺµķӺӻ뵽ǾʮָлˡǮЦ
ʺһϻӸ˵Ǯ͹ƱЩȥʲôҪľˡ
ҲûƴǣֱˣԴ˾˵ĸǮ˹֮󣬱ÿҪЩƱġ
˵ʵΪûȱⶫǰĸ󾭳Լ˽ȥ˾ãҲԼЩСһ𽻸ĸĸ͵⡣
ǳƽʱĳԴöȶһһĺãЩӣճҲûʲô̫Ӱ죬ȻĸҲȥ
ڱ߹صֽ֪£Ҳ޷ܾãǮ׬㹻úǮͽЩ֪ýЩ׵ģûôأ
ոǮţǸṩӹǮھǽǸҲˣѾˣǮ˵˼ǰ϶ˡʺŮЦ˵
ȻʺֻڰºŮ˵˵Ҳû˼ڽƽʿΪŮһ÷ҲõȵԽ˵
֮ȻǶȤ
潨ĹǼԼһֱҵרŽӴŮӵĻȥһεʱҲľ档
һеĴߣҲǮеЩ лĻȥʲôˡ
ȻЩ뷨ûжĸ˵Ȼĸָö߶ˡ
ǶϷĹԺѾ˲ʱĿҲЩƣˣʱǿĻ ҶȻõһõۡ
չ β׶ʱҲʼÿ˴һڿ֮Уһȵģһ⣬ԪͻЩ浮ˡ
Ϊݿܺãıᡣ
ٵǲ̫޳ɣȻдĲȴ̫շˣ̸ֽ˭᣿
ҿֻһȺδ̤;ľӰɣ˵ ǻʲôֱȥپˣԺ֤д֮ ʵ顣
Ƕλǹ񶨵ݿɣ֤ǿ㲻ˡ
֮󣬱㶼ת˹ȥǸ˽ӹǷݿ֮󣬸ոջɫ˲
ݿġ ǵĿݿϵʱֱЦ ģλĿ󣬸⣬Ÿոպ۵ĳ´˵ݿ ɱոǷݺöˣ֮Ĳɺѷɫмһ֮Уֱǽ¡
´ЩмĽӹݿ뷴ģǿݿ֮뷨ʱûˡ
۾Ϲˣ˵ݲոõǷݡʱֻܱ˵ҲݿдĻԡ
 ҲһΪݿðˡ
ٿ֮ȻҲͬ˵ǻǵȳȥδ˶ɣ


79 Ԫ       δڸθ֮
δڸθ֮һ, ڳԵκ׸θδҪ͵Ķˣڳо, һɶվӡ
, Ҳû˻СλδθϾΪһθĴθ, ϶Լֶεġڸ׸֮λθλɲŵ, һҪҪ, ûֶ, ͱˡ߳ڸ
ĴθҪλ, ǾֻǰһŲλˣδθôһֱڴθĵڶλûж, ˵һ򵥵ˡ
ȻλȴδθΪģԤѡĿҪδθ֮ⶨ, дɲݰ
λٽЩʸδθڳȥʱ, һСѸոձѡĿ, ɲǴѹ, ˾, δθȿЩ, ôʮֵ͹ԳǷݿľ
δθһݿʼ, ˼֮, ̾ĿöֻЩдĵЩ, תһ룬ԺˣҲͲʲôȱˣôһ룬п˼֡
һݵʱ򣬡Ϊ֮ȡδݣΪߣ顣Ϊ֮ȡ¹࣬ΪߣֵơҢ˴˧ʣ֮غˡߡδ֮Ҳιҡ
δθ֮󲻽ۺ룬޵ıأ飬νࡣѵõǷԺйѽ
дݿľӣһһʮһӣȻдôͨ͸ۣôûʲôʶдĳأ
λٵһ£ȻҲΪǰݿʵ㣬һȱҲûȥ㶨ΪˡڶǸոǳ´ѡǷˣȻЩȱ㣬覲褣ƪдıⰸ׵ĿʵҲ̫࣬дıһĿȴǶвˡܵ˵ڵڶʵģλٶͬġ
ǰźˣͼˡ껹Ϊö˭Ϊ۲鵹ʡ˲ٹˡ
ź֮󣬱Ҫⶨݰˣݰ֮󣬻Ҫٺ񲿵֪ٹ֣ⶨ¼ȡġͬġīжԺţǱŲԣֱӸɸȥȡôһ֮ȥ˿ʼҲʽȷյ¼ȡ
Ǵθͬʱ飬ʮĲ׸ͬʱǻء
Ϊ飬˵ʱ񲿵֪ٹһʱ򣬾ĬˣϾƽʱ̧ͷͷδθ˵Ķͷ˾ȻҲҳʲôɧһܿ
⻹㣬ҪʸϣȻϿ֮󣬲ʽŰ
ֻ֮һ飬׼ Ҳûж˵ʲô
ʱ򣬾͸÷Űˡ
δθʱľʱΪⰸ׶һЩˣֻǲַ֮󣬲𾪵ķ֣Ȼֻһʮ꣬ΣѾԪˣĻԵ״Ԫ϶ǴĪ
Ӣ۳꣬ܳôҲûгֹһԪġ
ʱδθͽ˼ˡϾĺӣ㲻գҲøȥʵǼϲԴʮ⡣
뷨Ȼû˵Ҫ˵˱Ͳˡ
Űʱ̣˶ЩţɹغԼˣ
Ϊɣĺã˭һ̵ĵأ
֣ҿ˴εĻԪǷĪˡһӶžԪά
ԪҲǾεĻԪҲЩڱصõģֻǴ˴ȴһֲԤС
˴εĻԪпˡԼĸоˡ
ǱͬһͬǵľӣһڽԼΣһҲڰѰ˼ԪܵøʲôΡ뵽ԪѾԪ òиԪɣԪˣ
Щɵš
ŰˣŰˣ֪˭ȺǰǰȺ˲ӵ˶ǰϾǾ˵Ĵѽ
ȻҲһЩ˲Ըȥʹһ ǱվȺ֮⿴ţȻǲ˹ȥ
վԱߵһԱѾˣ֪֪һ㶼ࡣ
Ǳ߼ȥֻܸż¬˸ģӲǼ˽ȥ״ ҲϽǼȺǰ档
ˣүˣһǻԪ۾ϸ飬һϲĴȺһ⼷һ˷ܺš
Ѿ֪ԼΣڶԪһ֮ң˵źǿ϶Ǽٵġ
󾣼Ҳ뿴˭ѹԼһͷ˻Ԫ ˳ȥķȥ
֣Ǹѹһھӣð׵ĻԪһ֮ꡣ
ǰ԰ˣˣ졣
һ߳첽ܹȥһＤ룬үǻԪԺ϶ܵ٣
֮ҲʮϲãȷҲһֱһĵģôܲأ
ЦŶ¬˵У֪ˣҲˣȥÿ
ȻǸӸˣһ·һֱЦš
Ȼֹ һ·Ҳʱ̲סģʹ˲ ڴʱһʱƽ
֪Ϣ󣬼߶˵Ҿ֪Ҿ֪ү϶еġԪѽԺҪٵģ ǰûһٵѽүҪҫˡ
ܶˣһ뵽үڵص¿ԺүνһĻ̲סᡣ룬ʱүԿһҪȥүֽүϢ
ʰһ飬죬ȥǰ׼ıóȥүףһ¡
Ҳ͸ ǵǼǵԼҪμӵԵˡ
³ˣʮձǵ֮ʱʱҪĴ֮Ͽһġ
ˣһҪڻϻλƤӵҲͺִĸ߿һڼ࿼㣬ֻԵļ࿼˸ݸذˡ
˵ܳʱһǻϾͻȻվߣʱ򣬾ͺܿˡ
ҲûΪһţһʱġ
ܶʱ򣬻Ͼֻ¶һ棬пڴϿ۾ˣҲ᲻ĵһֱǿţⶼ˵׼¡
ΪԱԻʱ̵ĶˣһֻһĿ Ŀǲˡ
ҵɻϱԳ εԲĿжֵģĿ֣ôдȻҪǧֵģȻôֵܴĿأ


80    Խȥ֮ǰҪ
Խȥ֮ǰ, ҪġȻڶλٵļ֮£Ӧû˸ףѼĻڻǱġ
ʱڵȺ, ްݡں, ŵԽ֮ξ
֮ǰǮݷõʱṩһϰЩ鶼˵쳣ϸ, һ·ûгκβʱ, ̬, һȺ֮иԵ, ݲ, ǰĹԱ̲סעĿһ
ڴ֮֮ʮ, Ǿɢʱһڿ֮УҲвʮּŵ, ȻƲסڴ֮һ
ڳĿ˵ƻֺĻʹ, ̻Ի, , Ȼᱻһ, ڳЩ˵, һҲл֮, Խο, ɳСˣﻹھأڶ࿴ۣҲһ, Ժȥи̸ʡ
ȴǰľûʲôӦϾִʱ򣬳˸־֮⣬ʹ֪ȥٴˣϰΪˣȻپ̾˼
ʱıЩվڽĿٵУδθۺӣԲһ㣬Ҫӵ˼Ӽᶨˡ
Ҳ˴ǰ棬ûһᣬĻҲǬڳˡ
ΪԵĿǻԳģʱڿﲢûп⣬õȵϵ˲ܹ⡣
Ǭһʾ⣬һλٹǰԱߵ̫ӹ⣬Ȼɢڿ
ʱλл֮󣬲ſʼ⣬׼
ڻϾ棬вٿЩսսЩš
ĿõģÿһƾٵĵԣǬ۶ԵǬΪһֶεĻʵۣЩȻԳЩиˣǶʮӵġҲһֶΣģȺ¿ƽʿԸصΪЧ
һλʵۣҲǬӾƽȴƽλô꣬ԳֵĴָʱѰ֣⻹ÿµĻҵټڸڣȻûݱ⽭ɽ
ƽλʱͨԵĽʿǣھ٣Ժڳ֮ռһϯ֮صǣһӶûʵ۳ʲôӡ
ƽʵ۲զأȴһѺöӣһڻ֮䣬ûλǬۣȻҲʲôӹš
ȻǬ۶ԳЩиڸ˻ûеŪƽһŪÿμ˶ǹġ
ȥһЩ̿𣬱޵Щ֮ŶšǬ˵⻰ȻҲĵģȻҲԼ׵ȷˡ
ʱδӴõĿǣʵʴȡ
û⣬רĿĿ
εĿŶ֣ܳܽĴ˼ǣʵ֮͵֮ġ
Ŀ˼˵ʵεĿвͬΪǰʰľӶ࣬û뵽һĵԣȻ˸ġ
Ȼʵ֮͵֮ģ漰ʱ򣬾ҪעԼʱķִˣԲܹ漰һЩе⣬⿼ڽɻϹĿ֮ǰҪȽһȺģҪǸڿ˷鳯дٺãҲȥ
Գ˵ʵ֮͵֮ġ˵˵һЩšҪ˭ĵ棬ֱУĲУﻹȱݣҿ϶Ժ˰ɣаٷ֮ʮĿһӵĹ٣ص⳯ˡɲȥĵʴȣȵĵǿɻټԿ϶׵λ϶ǡ
ҪдĺãҪעеķִ磬ܹ磬ѶȾʹ˲٣дʱ򣬸Ҫעǲ䣬ðָժ֮
ôҲҪдȥ˼һᣬڿʼдˡ
ͷҪʽдԡȻܿʼģŵ֮ԦҲо֮ʵԼȺԴٹˢۤ¡֮
ǿͷ׻׻ҲҪΪͷֻ˲ٿȥһֱúܺãͷҲˣˡ
˵һԼУʲôʵеιˣ͸٣ȣκ֮֮Уȳɢ˾ٸ֮γ֮ϤĪߣܣ©Ҳ
ΪַֻҪ˽ĴٴܳһݣʱдʱҪעԼּˣԲһۼʵʵӰ쵽ٶԿġ
Ϊֻһʱ䣬һҪдϸǧ֣ȻͲǰһֽдãȻܳϣʱǿ϶ġ
ʱдʱҪעˣԲͿġƽʱͱȽעһ飬дʱҲûгʲôҲʮֺÿ
ǧ򴩣ƨ⻰Ȼ˵ò˼˵Ķԡʵ֮͵֮ģʵϵܲһ
ǲ֪ͨˣȻԻʵ۸蹦̵һʲô߳ܵģĲʵҲܳŷǰڿεʱҲٴ
дҲܼ򵥣ֻԴҪע⣬̫䣬дĺ˳֣άʵ۱£ع֮ʣʥ֮£֮й֮ҵ˱Ԧ࣬ԶΧʽѲ̫ϣĴұУ̿ۡª!
ʱĺܿ죬ûþ͵磬ʱĻѲˣȥϢȥˣڳľֻλٻһڿˡ
λʱʵҲģֲ˵һΨһȤֻܹ۲۲Ŀˡ
Ŀ̧ͷãһ̧ͷǡ࿼١עԼʱѹĲˣ̧ͷʱ򣬾úͿһ£װûµĵͷдˡ
д棬͵ʩˣ±Ե̫ˣڹ˼ʮ飬֯һ´ǣֿ˵ƪµľˣԴֱ֮òż±ʡ
һϣͼΣʵ!áϰߡŹ˾桭Ȼðߣɣӡ
ʮЩеƶչģЩ͵Լ뷨ˣȻܶ඼ִĹ۵㣬ЩɶڼǧʷУܽľ̸֮ڰдҲվھ˵ļϡԼִ֪磬ûмǰݴܳĹıһ˵ΪϾǵԡ
ддͻȻһӰͶ˿ϣټ©Ļɫۣݲ룬϶ǻˡֻǲ֪ʲôʱģһʼд̫ûע⵽
ʲôҲֻһʼɢһעȥּȫעдˣȻӰͣ˱ʣһºӡ󣬶˵ʱ䣬ʱʱҲԵúܽȣ̫á


81    ˹֮峹׷ˡ
˹֮, 峹׷֮ڿ⾩ǺúõĹһ, ֮ǰһֱæű, Ҳûгʱ䵽һ
ڹ֮ⲻԶһϣǱһֱ׵, ǿѾ˳ˣȴûмԼүӰȻЩ, һ֮, 㲻סĳ֡
忴֮, 첽ĳ˹ȥ, ʱ˺ǳ˹, Ǽ߽ЩϳǼǵʱͬһʡľӡ
岻̫ȷǼҪ߹кʲô飬ǾͷŲ, ǡ
֣εԹ, аţһǰ˵
ʲô, ⾩ǵһˡ˵ĵʵ, ⼸춼ŵ, Ҳƶƻ, 涨ȥ, ȥ, ʱȥﶼġ
Ȼֲʲôţ֪ɷμһͬľۻᣬҶǴʡһ, ԺҲ֪ܾܲһۡ
ҲʹӦˣʱ䰲ŵҲԣҲûʲôʲôģᵢʲôǽʱ䰲ں죬ҲΪʲô
˵ⱾҪȵԽ֮һۻһ۵ģ֮Ǵν֣Ƕ磬ŻҪлһҲҪʮܽ
Ƚ֮󣬴һҪ̽׼ٹ̽ף̽׼һң·;ӳ̽׼٣ԺҪؼ̽ףٵõȵʮܵȵһᣬʱһܻȥأ˭֪һߣ֮󣬳֮ϻʲôӣȨ᲻䡣
ǵԽ֮پٰۻᣬǸʱ򣬿в˶Լİˣܲһδ֪ء
ո˵˵õĴֺ֮庮˼䣬˵˴ŵʱ͵ص㣬ȥ
ʵϣǶºʱоۻҲе˽ĵġѾѹȥˣ˻Ԫϣǲ϶һ֮УһԺ;϶Щ˶ߣڳŵԽûɲҸһ¹ϵԺ˵лܶЯһô˵ԺǶ·
ǵȵԷŰˣȥ廹һأʱ˼λһˣǿ϶в˶ȥݷ˼ң˼ȥμӸᣬǵʱƶŲϺˡ
࣬ǲžԻδŰ֮ǰһһۣٽһ¸顣
Ȼǲ֪ǵ뷨ģȻ֪Ҳ̫⣬̫ʵϣҲ֮ˡִĸ־ƾַ֣ģֻҪٽûмͼֲˡ
Ǽ˵֮ȥǱߣ׼ȥˡ
·ϵʱ򣬺쳣ȥ˵ˣ͸Ҫ뵽⣬ͺԼүʼ߾լӣȻһֱⷿסҲ̫㡣үԺҪٵˣŷסҲȱһӡ
һʼܾģΪȻԼţԵĽ̫żȻˣǰʮˣԵʱε֮Ҳʲôϡ£ȻԼӦòôף£ҪھΪ٣ԾͺСˡ
Ĳãβ⣬⾩լӣԺҲ֪ʲôʱסȥ˻Ҫרάء
Ի絽ʱȵԽҲʡԺ˲סǿϧ
ȴͬԼү뷨үôܵòأ˵״Ԫͷүġ
լӵ˻ЩȵԷŰˣ϶в˶ʼھ￪ʼˣҪǲһ㣬ʱضκլӿ϶ᱻ˼ҸߵģˣǾ㲻סҲԵʱֱתȥѽʱ׬һء
󣬾ԼոҲЩˣЩ򵥵ĵˣ纣סʹӦ˺飬ȥȥѰʵסլ
ΪҲȱʲôӣԺȥѰסլʱһҪ󣬶Ҫضκã̫Ͼɣ滷ҪÿǲǮ
ʱʹ֮Уп֮󣬿Ҳʼľˡ
ľʱ򣬸ݿˮƽڿּ֮Ǻţһ־ȦˣڶǣȻбߡߡţĵģϵȦ߾ΪѾλľϺѡʮݿȻپɱδθ׸ȼλۣʸϣԵ״Ԫۡ̽ʮݿѡˡ
ΪַֻûܳԿּҲʮҪеĿٶЩּʲݵĿ˿дΣửȦеֱӻ棬һӸĩȡһҲû˻׷Ϊٶġ
ôﶼеģһ黹ǹȥģҲͿĨ֣Ϊǧֵд϶һעֶˣд˸֣¿϶ҲͷˣֻӲͷƤдȥ
ǰһֱעԼдĿ棬Գֵõһ档
ľʱҪЩѾʸˣľʱôٶҪӰӵˡЩȻֻٶݣһݾͼǧ֣ҲǸ󹤳ˡÿЩҲǵһθˣϰˡ
ľʱһֱע⵽ķǻԪľӣο˿˼ʮݻûҵһľʱпĿרܳģûܳҲּܸϳһľˡ
ֻܷ˼רľˣȥصѰһݲˣǷݾӿ϶Ҳܵһ⣬͵ȵԽٿɡ
ڶʱ򣬺ܿ˰ʮݼѾʵδθκ׸λǱߣλ϶һ飬Ȼʱͣȴ󣬽һᣬͰһ׵ݾӶˡ
δθѡݾӣһģ桰һϣͼΣʵ!áϰߡŹ˾桭ȻðߣɣӡЩ飬Щ뷨˽ݱĿֻǵǺģҲȷ
ȻѾѡˣڲδθҲҲûʲô飬ǾͺͼλͬһʮݾӳʸˣȻǶΪһ׵ľӱŵ档
ǬӹЩӣⷭһ飬ѡʮݼѾˮƽǺġ


82 ״Ԫ           Ǭ۴ӳ֡
Ǭ۴ӳӹЩѾַľ, Ŷ״ԪľʮͣԽӹǬ۾ͿϢַ⴦
壬귽ʮˣǵʱڶ࿼֮䳤εǸǬǵõʱڴ, һڿ, Ǹ곤Ϊÿ֮лС, ӡʮ̣صȥԱ߿˼ۡ
ʱǬһ, һվŵļλ󳼡
δθǻԵ, ȻǱȱ˶֪Щ, ʵ˼, ǰ˵ر£ǡ
ʱ, δθʮֵĻ˼ҵĺòһӰ˸ٶΪ̽鲻ûУǶз, ҴȥҲһ׮̸
״Ԫܱ̽˼Һúõһ״ԪŪ̽ϧ, ˼ﻹԸءδθԺԼĵӵ, Ǿ͸鷢ˡ
˵̲ڵ֮ǰ, ѾԪ, Ǵ˴εһ״Ԫ, Ǿ|Ԫ, ǴԽû|Ԫ, ο˵͡ߣ⼸궼δ|Ԫˣڱ, ⴫ȥһ׮ѻϲ¡
δθĻҲһͬһλθҲ˵Ԫڱλʱ֣˵λ֮ʱ¹̻йˣȻôԪƫڱأǸͷѽ
Ǭ۱аԭַ֮ǰݶΪ״ԪĿĳ̽ģԼλӵĻ˲ԭ뷨ǱѴӶΪ״Ԫɣ
Ȼ״ԪˣʣµĿȻͰ֮ǰŰˡ
ʮգǷŰѾȥμӹۻˣû磬ȻϢˣϾŰգʱǿҪڻϻڹԱǰ¶ģһúþòʮҪġ
ԪͷһڿոµĽʿڵǰųȻ֪Լ񣬵״£ڳ׼ʿǣûĸŵģţǸĻϲϾԺ̤;ԸĻͥ
⴨·ܿͿʼˣǰһϵǽ֮˳Ļڡ
һ״ͽʿڹźǴ֮˳һȻ״Ԫˣ˶һֺ߽ĵ֪״Ԫ׻˭ҡȻ˶ϣ״Ԫ֮һˣ䵽Լϡ
ǬʮҳƵԽһ׵һͽʿڡ
䣬µλʿȻûгҲ˾޴ڻ˻Ԫ֮ĸϢҲͱҴˣԪϢȻҲǲ˶֪ˣʱ״ԪҲǴˣǲ˵ԪǼ궼ûгֹĴѽ
վľҲһֳ䶨ĸод˻״ԪԤУȻϡǷģԵʱ֮ԪҲһۻᴫ˳֮ҲòС˽ʮδڵǶвġ
֮ҪӶгȥлģԭûмڴҲڿλܳ״ԪģһԪ
֮ʱˮһɴģлŮδĹԱﰵĴ⣬ֻǻ֪˼ǷѾ˻䣬룬δİɣ
Сǰ;ģеģȸ䣬϶ҲҪȵ֮˹ȥ˻ɡȻڻ֪ľĲϾûĶӣиŮҲǲġ
ǬףҲȻǶԼߪ״Ԫ⼫ˣл󣬻º͵ס
ýĳǣµĶҲˣ¶ԽƵ״Ԫǿذ
صУǬʮҳƵԽһ׵һͽʿڡ
ҲˣԵĵһڶԵĵһڶ
ҲӶгȥл ȻĲǰ㿡Ƕʮ꣬һɳȵȣŵҲĿˣȻͲĿԼСûô֣ǱԱ˿֮У˼δأ
ĵҲ̽ͲǻԵĵˣһˣʱڻеõҲôǰԵͻˣҲ˵һ̣˭֪¹˭֣ʵ˭˵أ
⴫ʹܿͽˣȻٶˣҲÿ˶ڵǰȻлŹеģģǸ֣Ͼ͵һҲֻܴҴ¶һ͸Ͻȥ
⴫ʹ󣬾״Ԫν 崩ŽʿṩϵźĸͷһӹٲŴӻʹ֮⣬ƹĽֵȻܹҡ
Ϊڽдʱڹ֮԰֪״Ԫ̽˭ǵϣ̶ʱѾϢͨʹ˳ȥˣʱ򣬴ĺڽϣõνֵʱ򣬿һ׵״Ԫ̽Ǻģ
ʱҲ֪ү״ԪϢסլԺûгȥΪһٲҪүҵģţŸ˼ɢЩǮ
νʱǰۺ̽ˣǲ忡㣬СӵĿģżоӽ¥ߴ¡
ҵ룬Լ״ԪɹٲŻȥȻҲþһ⡰׽ˣżʵģҲû˻ȥ٣෴Ҫǳˣһ׮̸ˡ
ǰ˾ˡ


83 £       ˳Ů˵ķ
˳Ů˵ķȥ, Ǵǰﵹۣǰ棬Ҳȷʵǳ, ΧСӷ׷׽еľȥ
ЩС, 侲ˣϺޱ, СһʱҲ¿״Ԫ
ĵ뷨ȴǺ鰮, , ڻ, ڵı, δ϶Ҳǰ;ѵõûκǣ, ܰһӪԺ϶һ
ڻʵܺ͹µĻӶСûеʱ, ҲǳٳҪһ, ЩȰ£ס, ԺȻʵܳЩ, ҲڳվȽŸ
᲻ֻ꼻һ, ڹٳ֮û֮, һҲûпǹ⡣, СС͸ĸ˫, ڶƾ֮ôһݼҵƽƽģ˵˻Щ, ֻǸӹš
Ժڹ⣬ʱȥùϵ˵ⷽ棬˵˵ŻԺĳɾͿ϶ҲС£ˣԺ϶ܶЩǮ˵
Ļʵ˵ʵµĻʳӻǲ㣬Ϊĸ»ʵܵʱƣֱ»ʵһֱ̫ãЩ嵹ǼЩֻǻע⣬ƽʱ͸ǹ֮ҲǴһÿڸֹϻѲˡҲˣһֱƫӣϾʼң׻һĶӸϵˡ
ȻĻʵܺʹͻСվӵ˿ɲ١ĸǵ׸ν⳯Ȼִ֧ӵҲ١ʵڿйӵͳݣȻҲųв˵֧֣Ǳӱˡ
Ȼûƫ̻һƫЩӹɵģȵԺʼʱĻʵܵʤĲڱˡôӵǸλãƾЩʹ֮һֱûжϹͿ֪ԺͻʵܾͲʲôý
Ȼ廹ûʽ̤ٳΪǱܴڱǰ£á
ǮʱҲվڹԱߣߵİ仹ΣһҲǡ˹Ļ֮ҲȻе˼ģҲͬģ·ģС֪ô
ڹٲĻ£˼֣ڻصסĵطʱȻ廹δϢ죬Ժ֮ͼ˿ֵˣҲСڴɢͭ壬ΧҲմմϲһʱ֮䣬ԭƫƧСҲ
ʱһȺ˲ˣһʱ֮䣬˶ں״Ԫˣ״ԪˡˣæȺ֮м˳ó׼õĺɰһ·廤ͻĹٲ
ÿδνֻ״ԪȥʱЩٲյһЩǮϰˣʱȻҲƴǣȻˡɰ֮һûʲôȡ
Ǹˣûʲôȣǿ϶ǷƱˣɲӶˡ
ٲǷ׷׸̾ã״ԪǸǮģεǮ׬ˡÿһεĿƾ٣״ԪνֶǻŵģεǱ궼ˡ
ЩٲûЩɰÿһүĴϲӣѰ˿һӶ£ɲö׼ЩǮЩٲôǮػȥҲܶ˵˵үĺûүĺá
˺ܳһʱͣЩйЪһЪ
ү Щˮɤӣܼһصؽһء
Ȼ岻ǽһӻԵԣҲ۵ĹǺڼԭ򣬸ЩԵƣ˲ҵˮûпȥȻԹ볡ͱܳȥ
ȻķҲͱٴ˸ذ˹ǣ
Ȼִʱ򼸺ǼҼҶ򵥵ĺ ǷܳδֹأҾ֪ʷУ෽Ҳֱ峯ʱŴӹ͢д˳ǰҲǴδֹġ
൱ȥʱû죬תв˶ԼԼ˸ðԵƣһʼͳĺãϾĹЧǲģֲҩࡣ
ʱ򣬺˵լӵ顣
լӺܴĽģضҲáԭǸɣҲŵĺ ԺӲõĸҲʮ£ټԼƽʱעάһ㶼ƾ˥ܡ
լãȻ۸񲻱ˣҪһǧ⻹ΪɴǹٹأȻҲ
ΪҪ۲ˣҲûͺȥ˾ۣҲûпۣܿһǧɽˡھүҪҪȥһġ
ձȥˣլȷʵãû뵽һǧҪǷŵִƶҪˡ
լˣΪջҪμӶ磬֮Ҫٻ棬һʱסȥˣֻ˰ɨһ£ԺʱʽЩסȥ
μ֮Ϊ״ԪٴŴһл Ҳͽˡ
ȥ֮ʹ׼׼ʰ¶׼ȥˡ̽׼ٲ߶һЩʱգʱͲˡ
үǮƹ˺ȻǻҪ˵Ǳߵءź˵
û뵽ǮƹˣȻȣǵҲΪ⼸ͺ˻ͦģһЩͬһЩʶҲЩ


84 ʦ       ΪǮƹڵ
ΪǮƹڵԵ֮ǰһЩ, ټϱŵˣǮƹĹϵȻҲһЩҪȥġ
Ǯƹһֵʵ߶, , ϣӲҪ֡ڸóΪ״Ԫˣϲˡ
û߶, ʰ׼ȥҲûбæ, ȻҲлǮƹף, Ҳ鷳һˡ
鷳, 鷳, ʵǻһҪҪ˵, ȻҲܵΪصŻ߶һ
֪Ǯƹʲô飬Ըꡣ
, ӶδθλϴӦòİɣǮʵ
ǵȻδθԵ٣Ϥһ, λθϻʦ, Ȼֹ, һ, еĿλθ϶ʦĹϵ
ȻɻʵԳ, ˶, ֮ǰ, ԻҪȥֵģ˭ΪԪԼεҲҪٵ, ˵пʦǱҲһ顣
ʦĹϵִĲʿо뵼ʦĹϵȻʦ֮ˣôʱһѧʲô飬ʦǱȥʦһ¶ְһ
׷ʦҲһֱĹȻҲʱ򣬵Ҳ١Ȼʦȫôָֻʦ֮ȥǣҲǿԵġ
±ӣ⳯ҲʶˣȻʶһںԺ֮ǰպλθЩ飬ǰθϽ̸ʱ򣬶θϿ㣬ﻰͣҲһҪӵ˼û˵Ҳ˾ŲʮˡǮѡϢ͸¶壬ȻҲһЩԼĿҲĶȻҲһյϢ͹ˡ
⻰Щ⣬û뵽ԼȻܵõ⵱ϵȻڿ״ԪȴӹߣΪԼ˲𣬱ڳл˼ʮ˵ͲֵһᡣǮȴθ϶οȻЩܳˡ
Ǯ˼ģֳӵҲô࣬θϲʦĹϵʱ䣬θϸǰвŰݷõ¿ƽʿѽҪ磬뿪֮ǰȥݷһԼʦҲ޿ɺǡһθϵȷҪӣȥһȻͳˣθֻ˵Цģôȥһ˾͵ƽ߶Ҳûʲô
Ǯƹ֮󣬶鷿˺ܾáԣȷһ
θڳвվӣһϵķûвͣôٵһֱ棬һʦٳ˵ǿģٳ֮Ĳ֮ǿһһϦܹ˲䶮˵ģһʦԺ·϶Ҳߵĸ˳
Ҳһգʦ֮θ֮ĹϵͲͨʦĹϵҲŷԼǰѧλ֮ĹϵһָܵĹϵ˿ԺǺθ빲ˣ䲻һپ٣һ𣬵ҲˣԺϵһµġ
һھȥŰݷָˡ˼֮Ľ
ڳ볯ãҪһλʦθǰΪٵ¼Ҳ˽˲٣ԺӦòϵλθϣܳǸһΪĺùˣǰǸѾĺδҲһ飬Ʒⷽ嵹Ƿˡ
ȻҪŰݷãҪЩƷȥȴ˹ ΪθϵصĶһŲգЩԽƽĶ෴ˡ
˼ ȻִǮ֪θϰƣִ˼ƿѾơȻЩھߵģΪǱ߼еĶ߾ǶˣҲʡ²顣
ȥʱ򣬸ŷ˿״Ԫνʱĳӡһ˵⣬ϱʾҪȥͨ ûеȶ೤ʱͽȥˡ
屻θϵ鷿Ǳߣһȥ ϸϺ㹰ѧţʵ߶ˡڼδʽ볯Ϊ ֺθʦĹϵԳѧҲûʲô ִյá
 °ɡθº˵
ѧպҪ̽ȥˣߵʱݷһ Ҳƾһϴʦˡ
θȻǸ˵ һ ֿУ弸⣬Ȼǹ徭ģǹһЩµĿ
Ȼû볯Ϊ٣ЩҲ˽⣬˵һ
θش⣬ԽԽ⣬סĵͷ
ţ㵹֪٣ܳΨһһԪ״Ԫɡһ⣬Ϊʲôƾ٣Ϊʲô٣
⣬뵽˺ܶԭ򣬵Ժʣصľ仰ԲԱ˼뵽ˣ˵ˣ  ΪģΪΪʥ̾ѧΪ̫ƽ
ãããθ˵áûһ
˵ĺֻܶش𣬵ȴû⼸仰𺳡
θ֮ǰĥһӣڿҪʮˣϥȴֻһŮôĹٳ֮Ҳû˴ڵĶԺˣΪ˼Ҳû˼̳С֮ԭ֮£һ Ȼ
ֻǱȱĵ˼һֱûҵʵѡ شȷˣҪҪյĵˡ
 ֪ԸݱΪʦ


85 ֪ذݷ       ꣬Ͻ
, ϽѧȻԸ⣬պ󶨻Ŭʦʶ֮˵ٴιҾδθһ
δθողµѧԽԽ, ˵һ᲻Ҫ, ÷
ʦⷬ⣬ûоܾ, 
ͷʦɲ꣬⻹Ҫһʦ񡣱δθһƵ, Լյĵ, ձҪȥ, Ҳڴൢʱ, 㶨֮аʦҲǷ, á
Լ˸ѧ£δθûȥֻǺһ˵һ, Ҫ˵˾֪ˣҲûʲô˼, ˸ѧ, Լž, ô˸أ
ʦ, ҲûȥˡڹٵϢҲ, Ϊ״Ԫ, ںԺ׫, ۺ̽ڱޣʿʿǹ̽׻֮, ʽ뺲Ժְˡ
ȻһҲںԺңԺںԺְ˳⡣һԣǻᾭˣ֮躲ԺĹְǷ䵽µȹְȻԾĵ˻ǻᱻɳ֪ػС٣֪֪ݵȹְûʲôҲЩʿġ
⣬϶ǿ⾩ٵģ˺Ժܷ䵽ĸҲǲȷ顣
ܿʰö׼ȥˣʦ֮󣬾ȥˡ
ص·ϣһֱһδθȥģ涼δθԼܽһЩ°Ȼļ飬ȫ·ϿˣȻһ·ʱģҲûʲôôʱġ
һ֮ڻصءջصҵĵڶ죬Űݷãŷһ˵֪Ǳص֪ء
֪ܣԭ֪ص֮ɵְġ
ǰ֪֪꿼ʱƾЩĴɹ˹٣һ֪֮
ȥεһ̣ζû뵽Լôһ죬ְȻΪԼĹ·ҪߵͷأϾƫƧسǺʲôң塣ֱ֮󣬶δڵ궼ʮָмġ
֪أǿżòײصġǰظûʲôֵģǵ˻ûϵŻᱻι١ԴӼǰͱˣؼֱͻͽķչԼ֮䣬ѾҪΪ˻ݸһء
֮ǰڵͳһ˵ʱһͳƲŷ֣أ˰ջ˿ڣѾڱʡͷƣ˵ʢķ绹н̻ˣسǣڼеĺӣʶس֮ĴӣرŮҲȥʶˡ
ߣͶмʮˣִǾ仰˵ġվڷڣܷôȥôܲɣ˵ԭ֪Ƕ־Ҳһڽسϡ
ڵأÿ춼˿ڰᵽ⣬е˹ϵװѻеûܰѻ⣬ס⣬ЩҪΪߵĽֻҪǺӶѧ飬ֺԺ󻹸乤ôܲˣ
Ȼ˰Ҳûж֣򵥵ĵǶģ˵ƾˣ˵سйǻˣвˣΪƹģȻҲԼҵĺԺҲܻƹ񵱵ҪǼƾЩδĺô˭Ըͼĺȥ
ȻҲΧسҲ˼ѧԺ̫ˣײ߶࣬ɮ٣
߾ѵĻᣬȻҲҪԣܲܰѺҲͽȥˡ
֪ؾ֮أʱȻ֮ǰ֪Ѿ󲿷ֶĲˣǵʱ仹ж̣඼ֻ𲽽׶ΣпΪ
ֻҪɵĺˣŹƵʱ򿼺˵ʱҲ֪һΪٽ˵ǸСջڲŹ֮꣬ܳ Ժ;϶ܸ˳һЩҲôϵȡְֵ
Ȼ֪һжΪʲô˵׻ΪسôһˣĺãؼǶ̶̼˴ʲƸѸٸ
ܸأĸûмһĴ˼ң˵׶Ϊ󷽿Ͼʮ˭ܾȥ;ȥġ
ټڣ廹ȡ״ԪǴܳ⽨һΨһһԪģԺǰ;۴ĸ潲ùϵһ£Ժٲû
Ϊ˱ʾ⣬ŰݷãйѾڹٵˣ϶Ҳ˼ҵȥ Ҫ϶ð˵ˡ
ŷĴȻҲ֪̫ãŷ֪ͨʱǱѾȥˡ
棬˾ͻ๰˺á
֪һЩϵԼѺõ̬ȣҲûʲô¡һЩף֮⣬ֻ˼δķչûһʱˡҲĴ̫ã𷴸С
һûаʱ˵ˣԺΪطչͶӵġ
仰൱һϣ֪¿ɷˣԺչȭŵʱȱӸɲȥ
֪غ˷Ȼûһᣬ˵ү ֮ǰ֮ǰȥнչˡ


86        һ˾
һ, ˾񣬵ҵĶ಻ࣿ
ȻЩҵʱǳЩɢǻ, ȥѾ˵߿ʼ, ʱү׼ųȥʡԣϢһֱҲûд
ںͺ˵Ǳ, һֽѿɱ۵ڸѧʱͻȻʮϲԵı, 뵽֮, һʱ֮ͶԱĺ, ر, ǰǱ۵ʵߡ
Ҳִʱ, в˶ʮֳԱۣر죬ǵвٱ۵, ⶼܺ
Խ֮ǰеıķ, ϼҴ˱, һֹ, ĺóԶˡ嵱ʱҲ˲֪ôġ
ΪʱֻǺǳһ, ֻǴ֪˳̵ϼĴ, ϡݡϵȵص߻ĵصȵط, Ǿĵطȴ֪ˡ
˵, ̸򵥵һӣһǻиҵľ巽
Ҳ֪Χ̫, ףʱȥʱ򣬲ûдߴǣǼŰ죬ֻ˵Уû뵽һȻյѾҵĺϢ
˵һɽĵطҵģڵҲûʲôãΪүʱķԸȥ˻ǳЩӣǱߵĵ˰ЩһЩڳ˻ڸݸĹ˵ҰĺܣͲҪģڳúܺء
ͷˣƵʱͿԳˣΪǱѵʱܳˡ
͢岻˽⣬Կ϶ڴܳ䣬ûкۿڸһĶۿʼ󣬿϶ܵҵĻӭ
Ҫִ󣬲 ۣʱͻٶٹ һˡ
߹˶þҪؾȥģȻѵõļų죬ʱ֮󣬴߰ѱѼĵȥҲҪһ£ʱ춼һˣۻûϡߵıѾ£ڳ˵һڡ
鷳ȥóϢȥͼеصһЩˣЩȥȰֲȥһǱȻҲȥѰʱھǱ߾ͿԳԵˡ
⴫ϢһֱǳģεȻҲ⡣
ΪЩӽԽԽ࣬Ϊ˷ֹ˰ȥķٶˣ߱òӸÿӵ˽ϸĵǼǣȻÿ¸һΣټĸصˡ
ֻҪδ֮ϵǼǹĹԿԾٱٱ֮Ժ³ķ裬շѡҲûж˸ĿŵİѷӶȥ
֮ƳµĲƷȻҲҪٴصǣһȻҪϵصˡ
ĵطҪص˽ɴרһţϢЩ飬ЩȻ˳ں£ĺܿ죬Щ齻Ҳ˷ġ
Ϣ˴ȥԺǺܿжһֱֲƷ϶࣬۵ʱʱƲҲ١
ǹһȴģȥͺˣѶǣһ۹֥ıѣʱҲȱˣʱ۵Ĳȥˡ
ͦǿģҲõΪֲֲ֮á
ߵıѾȥˣΪʲΪ˲ռũʱĸĹȥ뿪ѻĵصġ
ʱ֪Ѿˣ֪ԺҲҪ֮׼ˡϾԺҪ˰ģǱص˰󻧣Ҳûʲô ô᲻׼
Լү˵꣬ǸϽȥóȥ 
Դ⼸죬һֱ˲סͺ񣬳ЩҪʽϵĸͨİˡ
Щͨգ͵ĶһЩ߲ˡˮȸֳĶֵʲôǮǶǵһ⡣
ЩүǵĶ Դǹ֮󣬲Ǵ˸ȥǮĻᣬǵԽԽá
ǵĺӣȥ֣ǰһӶ뵽飬ȴʵʵķˡ
ǲ¥ѧԺس޽ĸִ󹤳̣үǮġسչģط˶Ľأ춼Ҫᵽسס
ǰսʱ ˻ڱ˵ЩлЩ˻ۺգۼ׬ôӡ
أĸ˸˵ЩҪ˵˵ƾ͵øĭӸ
հյĻ˵үصĹˣԽԽöΪ˭ܲǮͶΪ˭ⶼүĹͣүôسǵϣҪ˵ЩǾĹΣҲ̫Ǹˡ
үֿ״Ԫ͸ˣس̫ˣԺ˭ø߿ۡ
һү֮󣬴ҾԷȥЩЩԸģȫΪүĸм͵ġ
֪ҶҲ÷˴Ҷһ⣬㶼ˡЩȻأǶڴ˵ Ҳһ֧ ô˻ϸˮϯ Ҳһлһ
ˮϯˣΪ֮ǰԼүһֱѹţ˵ûҪ죬עաүͬˮϯˣֱԼ ķġ


87 һѧ   ˮգա
ˮ, ͨգȫس֪أͷ˶, ޱȡ, Щ彨ѧԺڶֵܳĺǣҲմ˹, ѧԺȫҲ˲ͣ˶ٱƽʱޱȷʢʢĴ͡
ˮ֮, ͺҪһȥ, һ·϶ڼţǹҫ˰
, ҲûΪԼԭ, һϵҲĳϵú, ǷԭȻ˹ҪеΡʱ, ÿ궼浱һ£ûǡ
֮, ҲûʲôҪ, ֻһʱȥļѧԺתһȦ, ˿, س֮Ĵ, Ҳȥ˵, ĿһȦ
, ⼸ȥˣѧԺѾ׿гЧˣѧѾһ, ڶٹҲܳʦˡ
ߵѧԺ˽ڶ֣ѧһҲǽѧص㡣һѧͿǽ̣žų˷мӼҪѧߵķǣǵʱһηżлԽ˺þòŽ̻ģǶʱ䣬ЩЩİġ123ҲǷ˲ٹѧᡣ
ȻЩûмѧ֮ôǺܴģǰǳ̣㲻㣬ֱӿܳˡ
ִּ򵥵ıȻҲǳŷżٵʱҲһ̸ЩǣȻһʼ̫ǺķӶܻˡ
ЩѧȻǽʲôѧʲôˣ˵ҪȥʶֵˣҪ»ƹ񣬸ҪѧЩģȻڶˡ
Ĺǻиƹ֮ǰǼҲĺܣҪӣҪȥѧϰûмֺЩǰʶֵĹºƹҪÿʱȥѧأȻԺǹûþҪЩѧԺĺǸˡÿµҲˣѧʱвСĶġ
ȻĹ˱Ѿ˼򵥵ıͰֵʽЩѧ֪Ϣڷӽ̵ĵʱѧĸˣȻĻԺôܵƹ߹µأڴĺƾǻ̫Զˣƹ͹¶ǵջһЩǵĸĸǾ˵Źºƹÿ¶вء
֮ǰѾѧԺҵһѧЩɼõģȥӦƸ˷ƹģ˳ɹˣȻеѧΪ̫СǱƹѧͽˣ˾ദƹ
ЩѧĲ̫õģȥӦƸƹ߹µȻûҪ£꣬ҲϸС鳤ԺǮҲܱࡣ
еѧûȥҲûȥӦƸƹģֱͨˣҲѧԺﵱӽ飬ϾЩѧԺӵĴԽԽã𾴣ƽʱȥʱ򣬱˶ܸ߿һۡ
˵ĶЩӣЩСӣǱЩӣᵽһЩΪسȻ˲רŽӴŮӵӻǻûЩӵӶ࣬ЩˣȥЩרŽӴŮӵӻӦƸƹ͸ˣ̫ˡ
ãǳ˲ѧԺҲӣһȥسЩ˼ҰѧԺӦƸӣҲǳɹ˵ģϾŮӲңڻ֡
Ͳò˵ѧԺ֮ˡС⸻˼Ҳ٣ССҲиϰٻģȻԼСȥѵĸƽϵѧԺʱСڼҸûʲô֣£Щͨ˼ҵСӿÿ춼һϿΣȻһ֣ҲĽġ
Щ˼һϼƣ˵ɴҲǮһѧԺüеŮһȥϿζְɣԺ˼ҲȻҪǮģһȻǰͶ˵㣬ǹʮ꣬ҲܰǮջġ
ִ֮Ļ˵ĴʱڵĹѧУǮЩ˼ҰȻ˽ѧУˣʩЩŮѧԺȻǺ˲٣ѧݻ黭Щ
ǰӵġ˽ѧУȻǲѧԺѧˣϾҲԼҺϿƾ·ģүǸõ𣿶ЩѧԺѧѧĿɲǺͿƾ̫ϵݡ
ЩѧԺСӣȻ黭Ķûѧȥ⡰˽ѧԺӦƸʱҲֻ˺ܼ򵥵Ŀ˾ͽȥˡ
ʣµЩСӣȥ˹ġ
ߵô࣬ƹĺ͹µҲˣһЩʵǿܵϹºƹǷӣ˾ֻȥˡ
嵱ʱЩϧ룬;⡰˲šǽռˣĵطɲġĵطһسܻʶվҲʼӣʱ϶ͻȱٻƹ͹¡
˺͸صϵǱȱȱ˲ţȱĻ߾ͿԸ͹ȥˣеŮĶС
յϢԸģǻΪЩǹ¿ĸҪʶ˵Ĺ£ΪеֶɳȥˣֻǽȱسУҲû
ȻЩسǵĶҲв٣ԸƹĻûмǸвˡ
صѾСģǰҲЩƫƧǾ£ҲѾһʮרǱ߲ƷӣЩŮӻҲ߰˸رشسǿɲ٣ǱҪȻǸˡ
ǱߵŮӻҲ֪Ǹ𱬳̶ȵģҪʱȴлʶŮƹѶ̫ˣвŮӻȻҲֻһֻ˼ˡ
Ǳ˵Ըͻʶ˵˵Ȼǽǵȼü֮һԭ˹ģĻҲܼ
ȻһʼҪȥԶصʱҲв˶ԥϾҶǴûгȥسǵģ뵽ȥسǺ󣬾ܵƹøӣȥʱ򣬻в˶˵ġ
ص˶Ҫ˹ȥһҪ˿ɲһС֡
һ߻ʶģҲû˷ǵѧ⼸ʱ䣬ȥֻٲ֣󲿷ֵ˻Ƕһǰ;ġ
˵ǳʱڵˣǽ˺ˣǰ˭뵽ԼԺƹµأ
Щѧ֮ǰ廹˽һʱѵϾǱߵƹ͹»Ҫһ㾭ģܲ󻹰˸˻ˡ
Щ˵Ǹصس֮Ǳߵ˾һʱ֮󣬶ǶȥЩ޲ڡ˵ǸҪ̱ܿ˱飬ǹϲˣ˵ĿøˣһĿȻߵ˻ר˵ǱȥҲЩѵء
ѧԺ߿֮ȥݷǰλӣ˺ܾã֮ž̻ؾ
̤ȥǵ·;ʱ廹źλûܼһɻһˣɺԺҲسȥ˸ǱߣڸǱ߶飬Ĺ̽׼ҲҲȥһˡ
ֻټˣ


88 뺲       صǵʱ򡭡
صǵʱ, ѾҪ·ˡȥһˣʵڼвûд೤ʱ䣬ʵϴʱ䶼ǻ·ϵġŴ˹ٵҪƽ̹һЩ, ·ǵƽ, ӿݵģ, Ҳ߲˶죬Ȼǵֻ, ǾͿˡ
ص֮, ȥ, Ǽ֮, ԺͿʽʼȥԺϰࡱˣÿնҪî, Ҳ൱ִĴ򿨡
ԺǹϵУȻÿ궼ôһʱæĲˣҲֻôһʱ䡣ȻԺ, ĹٳҲһ㲻١ȻǺֲڸ󡱣է֮, ǰ;Զ, ǨҲ˵Цġ
ںԺ, ĻͰ⵱ϵĵط, һǷѾ˼Ҫһڻǰ¶ÿ˽, ʱ, ˾ǲҪ齻ϵġһõ˾, ôѧٵġ
״ԪںԺΪ׫Ʒ, ˵׫ҪְΪ޹ʷʵ¼һ»ʵСʷԼ⳯йصĸ񣬵ʵϣЩҲʱֲ滹вڵŸء
տʼʱӦû൱УʲôҪÿȥî֮󣬾൱ˡ
סľǵʱھ֮ǰµլӣ뿪ļھߵ˶һĸּҾҲǱߵֻһףбǰѾɳ
ϾҪȥԺˣȥ֮ǰȥʦδθ
ѾδθΪʦˣȥʦҲûʲôˣҲǺ顣
δθû뵽ôͻؾˣΪҪٵһء
Ȼؾˣôվ͸ýԺˡδθԼǰǴӺԺ Ҳ˲پ顣
⺲ԺСҲһٳ ҲŲٵǱģδθڶԼѧٲҪһЩ⺲Ժ֪ٳƿ
屻ʦ鷿һ磬Ȼһʼʱ򻹿Уһ֮ǰЩЧ·ϿȫЩʱˣûٿشĽδθҲġ
ڵڶյʱ򣬾һȥ˺ԺΪԺîʱҲӵîò
סլӵضκòʹҲһӵʱҲǲҪˣȻпܾͳٵˡǻʹܴ϶ǲܽȥģȫУȻҪʱС
廹ֻǸƷС٣ϳ賿͵ˣࡣ
ӹ֮⣬ӣߵԺſڡ
֮óƵݸǵîֵĹԱǩ֮ܽȥ
ԺǰŵһӦҪһЩøӡҲʱﻹûмڡ
ˣ¾򣬴˴εİۣαޣѾżֺܾˡЦƵ
Ҳеӡģֻ
⾣һʱ䣬ߵҲϤһЩͰЩܸ塣
ǸмĺģԭȻʦһЩҲһЩûᵽģ⾣ָ˵һ˽ĸһЩ
һڽʿ֮Уֻһ׵ѾƷ˶ûжƷֻܵǨˡ
һ׵Уھʣ̽ûе ݾ˵Ӧ·;ңԶ̽׼ٳһЩ
žתһȦ˿֮ûã⺲Ժ˾½½ˡ
еһ̽Ҳڸ˵ˣҪȥЩģҲûʲôø
ûüţ̶ѧʿ¬˾͹ˣֱ˵ˡ
Ǹ̽Ȼܾһ׮ 
;ʱͷԣ֪Ϊʲô¬ԴǡȻЩɻҲûгĬĬĸ¬ˡ
¬ ǿ϶ܱȸ̽ѧĶ಻١
¬˰Ǵһǰ˵涼ǰ⺲ԺΪȻдȣ⼸ȿ һдģںԺԺҲٲҪӴ
;ǵͷӦæȥӴ򿪣Сĵİһֽ˳ŵϣʼ
ڲϸҲ֪¬ҪǶģҲãսԺһλˡ
¬˳ȥ֮󣬻룬֪θѧǸʲôˮƽ


89 ͱ      ¬¬θ󡭡
¬¬θƹϵ, һΪڳжģֶϲ壬һȥϤˡ
֮ǰ , θϻǰ޹½״Ԫ, Ѹ٣ûþֱӰ˼ѧˡ
ȻǴ˴ε״Ԫ, ¬⺲Ժô꣬ÿ궼Ҫ״Ԫ, ϰ, ֻǵ;˵, Ԫ, ʵҲûʲô˽⡣
θˣȻƽʱദ֮ʱʱ䶼, ̸ٳ֮£Ҳ֪۹ܸߵģǰҲѧ, ǹ˼ˣҲûи, ǿ϶ʲô֮, θϵ, һӾֱӰѧ
θҲ, θϵ, ʹ߽Щ, һ, ҲԳ嵽ǸģȻ֮ۡ
ǰ۾δ̽Ҳֻ˳һ̵ģȻ, ⺲Ժױмʡ¬Щ鶼ģЩƵ⺲ԺҲˣѵѧȻ鷳֮С
;һ죬һֱһĸһôȥˡ
Ȼ״ǰԤϵ״̬̫һȻǲġٳ˴ţȻǱȱŷǿ
֮ٴȥʦθǱߣ˵顣θһ¬Ȼ֪ôˡȻǿϣŰԼѧ߽ЩġȻǷԼһˡҲԼ¬ѹϵ˵ˣ˳ȻĺãȻԺദʱʧƽľͲˡ
ںԺﲻ֪Ͷȹһˡһ¬˽;˲ٶʱҲºͶһ崺֮Сһʱ廹оλ¬˸ʮָм
̽ҲѾˣǼȻһ֮ˣ֮¬ȻǰҲһ˵ġΪЩƽʱ¬˲ڵʱ֮ǰ¬Ѿ̹˵Ķ廹оϵġ
ҲѾҪ·ݣԺҲȵúܣ죬ϵĺʪ͸ۡҪ˵ߵıҲûУԺֻм裬ϾʹıȻȽŻϻйȡãЩԱиͲˣ⼸ȻҲԱߡʱ䣬⺲Ժʱߵĺܡ
˵ɼףѣǰڼҵʱյﶼǰ˱ģ⺲Ժһէʼûб£廹ǹֲӦġ
ãÿȻ⡰ϰࡱ磬һûʲô顰°ࡱҲ硣ȥ֮󣬵ǿԺúõڼˡ
סլӣҲ޽˱ѵģЩСˣΪԭ˵ʱг֮⣬ϸҲûص֮Ⱦ˰ һȻͨʯƱˡ
ʦθǱߣҲûǣ͵ʦĸϡθһʼյһʱ򣬻ھأΪϣҲЩǮģҲ˱ѵġҲǲˣе֮һıѴˡ
⵽ԼѧТθҲûоܾѧԺƷѵģѧ˵ƱķӺת̾ϾķҲʵЩ
ηߺ󣬸Ǹ̾˵㿴յѧĵĺܣΪ¶뵽ʦԴѧⶫˣȻʲôصĶѵõ⣬ѧյֵˡ
θ˵ĻҲЦ⡣ԼѧҲȻģ˵ǲԣʱ򣬱ôгɾ͸ˡ
ηû˵ǣҪԺŮͺˡڶ⺢ԽԽ⣬Ȼദʱ䲻ǾƷһ飬û˵ˣر֪ΪԼļǱ󣬶ӡǸˡ
Ҳý⻰˵ǵٹ۲һϾֻôһŮⷽȻǲܲˡ
ʹĸ˵ٹЩӣʵҲʽѧˣʱҹƸʲʹһϿΣӦûѰʦµǵˡ


90 ѧ       ĻʵҲǡ
ĻʵҲǶᰲ, ȴС꣬ټΪ֮ǰ岻ãҲûкʹһѧ, ֮ǰҲֻʦɶѡ
ᰲѾ, ˵ʱ͸ѧˣΪԭϵڡ
t, ѾѧˣҲѻʵܸһѧϰ
ܳĻֻλ, ˵ѧ, ǿ϶ͨһ, ڻʹ, λʦͶһ˽̡
Ϊӣʦ൱ˡ˺Ժѧʿ̶, ׸θᾭΪڿΡ
ڴѾռȻʱΪʹΨһһλѧĻӣȻҲΪֻλ, ʦǾϸѡģȥʦȻҲõġ
ᰲҪѧ, ڿεʱ, ʦȻȲӵ, ϾѾһˡöӺʹһϿ , ǵʦ֮϶Щġ
˵, ˽ҲԸûʵܺʹһϿΡһ, ʹ, ʵѧˣʱ˿϶ͻбȽϡ
ʵܲųϵͳѧϰ϶ȲѾѧĴ, ҷҲòϣڹ棬ȷ˺ܶ˼ʵէȥǾԱȲϵġ
һȥЩʦή󲿷˼ŵϣԺҲʶľöӱȲϴӡ
ǵЩԭ򣬾㸸ԭһѧϰҲ취øʸıġ
ԺЩѾȥΪڿεˣʣµ϶Ҳвѧʳڵġ
ϾԺǨĿְߵģһѧõģвٶΪᴦٳϵĹϵżһߵģȥڿεĲµȻֲˡ
ھʹȥûгڵģеĻȻͿѡˡ
黹ý¬ȥ ںԺô꣬ⷽ϶˽ⲻ٣ȥȰѡһȻ취Щѡʵڿεġ
¬յϢ󣬸Ͻⶩһ˹ȥ
¬ȴΪľ˾ֽǻԵʱ򣬵ˣ㱻ṦǶֽ֣֣֮˳˳Ĳμ˿ƾ١
ûֽû¬Ľ죬ֽΨһŮȻʲô¶ԸЧ͵ġ
λӣȻƫӵģڶΪѡʦһ飬ȻҲʮĵġ
Ժ дĸ壬ȻͼϵֽһƬӰ̧ͷȥ¬ˡ
ʱҪ¬˱ˣȻôԹȥˣûɣ
岻֪Ϊʲô¬˻һ⣬Щͷԣǻʵ˵ˣشˣ¹ٶĻԣû衣
Կ䡣徭֮У⡶ȷõһִʱ򣬡㱻㣬ִʦĽиֽ̳ʹûпעڶĿȾ֮£Ҳ˽ⲻٵġ
¬ĵ˵ͷȻˣһʱͰѡٶ࿴ɣ
¬̵߽ʱȷʵθΪʲôѧˡ
ò˵ȷǸɶõ˲š۹պڸ֮Уһϯ֮ءŽȥ̶ӵҲ˼֮Ľ
廹ЩԣǻӦҲᵢʲô飬͵ǹ̸ϰˡ
ȥʦθʦΪ֮иֹٳʱʦںԺ顣
Ǿڰʦ
θ⻰֮ȴǳ˼
ûϴĻٹգӽѧˣʱȻӺԺѡһȥڿΡ
¬ʱ忪ʼ࿴ӦþǴ㵽ʱԼѧҲȥˡ
ȥӽѧȷһĻᣬͨӽѧܶڱǰ¶棬ñ¼ס
ڴܳλӣȥڿˣȻԸģĴ˺ͱ°ŵģԺҲմȾһһɵӡǡȻվӣҲʴ֮Ƕ˽·ҲģѾв˿ʼѺˡ
ҲһԺִƴȨѧƾŽ̵֮ôҲᱻȥʱ϶õáǶӵǸλãȻҲ԰ƵİϡʱڱΪѧıһ;֮ȥ
˼һ֮ѿܱѡȥڿԼѧ˵ˣû˵˵вٱȻȥúٿǰ׼һ¡
Ҳסˣû뵽ֵԼͷϣϾ뺲ԺûõԻǲû뵽顣


91    ڼȻʦô˵ˣǡ
ڼȻʦô˵, ôǰ׼һΪáʱıѡˣǾ˳Ȼĸȥûѡ, Ҳûʲôʧ
Ժ, Ժѧʿƽⶨȥڿεⶨ, ܳʸ¹Ŀ
¬Ϊ̶ѧʿȻҲһԡ
, ܹ߸, ¬Ƽȥ, Ϊ̶ѧʿ, Ȩеģ⺲Ժô, ҲġԼҲȻ֮еģټϷҲ˲飬ϵ˶ͽ, ѧ϶ʮֳɫġ
ƽϵˣûԵĻ, ϵһ, һ£ǷǳһЩ֮, еˡ
ƽȻʶϵһ, ǽԵ, ֮Ϊ廭Ļ, Ѹٵץǻ, һ˵廹еԨԴء
һһ룬ȷе, ȥ֮󣬱˵ΪЩȥŪأò
¬֮صˣȻǳЩȴ⼸ΨһһԪ֮ˣѧⷽͲ˵ˡҲ֪ΪӺͶҪֿڿΣѾѡһˣʣµ۷ȻȲϸڿεЩˣΪԪ֮ڵԵʱ򣬱¿϶Ѿסˣ¹ٰȥҲ൱һ룬һʱ򣬵˵ѡһȺ֮
ƽ˿֣ȷΪԵʱЩӡ˱¿ܶǲŵģһȥȷǺÿЩ
ţˣ¬Ȼȥɣ롣ƽ̧ͷ˵
¬֮ҲûжȰ˵ʲôֱˡⰲûаִ滮ȥȻǽԴϲˣǰֻȥˣҲɣһ붼ѡеģֻЩźˡ
һᣬھַ档
κ׸һɵˣκ׸ǹĸҲǴӵ游ҲƫӵġΪԺѧʿֲòĺÿһ㣬˵ķȻȲϸڿεĴǲˣҲ̫Զˣ϶ѡһЩŪȥȥҲȷǺʵġ
ƽʸϺ󣬻Ͽһ֣Ȼ˭ˡҲûо̫ǳǡӢ۳꣬Ե״Ԫ⼸ΨһһԪ״Ԫѧʿ϶ǲģȥ̰ҲǷĵġ
˵֣ȴЩüͷ֮ǰѡڿεʦʱôеĳεأûмǵõģǿ϶ЩûʲôˣǰЩ˰ŸҲʵġ
ȻЩȷϲӵtǶЩСӣҲǷϵģЩȥڿΣԵʵƫˡ
룬Ժȥϵ֮⣬θδθȥڿΣҲֲĲˡ
Ⱥϵ´֮λθҲûʲô飬ȻǻϵİţУҲǲʲô뷨ģϽʼ׼
ȻҲյϢȻ֪ˣǻǶԴе㾪ȣû뵽ľͱѡȥˡ
ѡȥôʱ򵱳Ϊڿξǰ϶ˣȻԸǸʱΪ׼ֶλǰͨϵȥһ˽ӣͯӽڡҲǻ۾ˡ
˽ԭķӶԴҲּɵģǴ˽״ԪһշѣȻǺһ׮ˡȻҲᵣ״ԪѧߣΪ״ԪڿںԺٵģôйѧأ̶ʱ䣬ӦҲֻȤˣ
ԺȻҲյϢһʱ֮䣬˲ٲЩԺġˡЩ֮⣬ͬһԺʿҲЩʵġȻ״ԪȥڿεĻôֵأ
ЩԺǰ忴ߣֹͬҲʼԣ˶˵ϼȻôֵأǸڿΣںԺǰûбѡϣôᱻѡأ
ỹ˿ȥǻԵθˣڵĺܣ϶ͨθϵĹϵŸ㵽ôһ
֣ƾʣˣҶͬΪһ֮ˣǸ壬Ѿǲһˮƽˡʹθ˴ϹϵǺãȥڿζϣƽʱ㿴¬ڽǵʱҲƫģǾӴġЩЩ޵˵


92 ڿ       Ȼޡ
Ȼ, Щʣȴ˵ֵĻȻ˵˻ʱ򴫳ȥ, λ²õӡ, ˵бﲻסܵĺ, ֻʹ˵䡣
֮üȻƽʱߵĲǺܽ, ʱ䶼Ǹ¬רѧ, ⼸캲ԺĴԼֵҲ˲١
˵ʵ, տʼʱһ¬ѧµʱ, ĸܵ¬˶͡
ǸʱҲЩʵģϾȻ곤, ҲѿԼġֻദһʱҲ𼵶֮ˡ, ֻھ֮ĵжĲˡ
֮䣬еĲֻѧϵĲ, Ҳͺ, Ϊڹٳ, ѧһͲܴһ, ڸ֮еκ׸˵, ҲֻǶ׽ʿ, ʿ, ѧǿ϶ǱȲһ״Ԫ۵ģ˵׸ӵ
ѵõ۽ء
ȻС˽ʮ, ǿȴ͸ˣĵʱʮ־ȵķ֣ʲô嶼ܽϼ䣬ҲǷ̸෴˵໰ʮ־ Ŀһ£
ڼʶ۽磬ǶԶͲһСطģ෴ҴġһȣϷ֮صˣһûʲôʶˡ
֪Լ˼ҵĲ֮ԭļ֮ûˣøƽˡ
ȷ㣬ûʲôԱ粵ģȻˣǼ˼ңദʱѧϰһ㣬ԼҲø㣬˼ҵĲҪ̫Զ
̬Ժദʱˣһ֮ĹϵҲúƽʱܾһһЩ⡣
ЩԣȻǲŵġ˵ǻԵθΪʦȻûųȥҲЩ֪ģûдˣҲ֪ġ
θ֮ദȻ֪ƽһֱһ¬˵ߣ¬˵̬ģûʲôͬһ̬ȣƽﶼǹصģͲ˵İͽᡣ
żȻײαڮ٣ȥ͹䣬ֻЧ΢
Ȼһ㣬ҲദһЩʱˣǸʲôˣʱӦҲܿЩȴ֪Ϊʲôǻ˵ⷬ
ǾܱѡȥڿΣΪǿϾҲ¬жʱˣֵҲ˽ˣȷǱǶ࣬ȻˣЩֻǲҪˡ
⻰֮ȻЩûڣʾԼԵӰ죬ȴô¡
Ҳûм˵飬ȥ˵˴£ҪעһԣҪӰ쵽
⼸Ժʱһ㣬ΪտʼҪȥλθڿε顣ȻǳҲȥĹ滮棬ֻҪһžˡ
մԣû
˵Щ֮Ҳֻ˵ЩȥɣһʱԾԼȥˡ
ȥ壬³ ҥ˵ҡҲóʲôϾ˵ûУЩԵҲţ˵ǲȥܵΪá
ҪľǾ飬úøڿΣ֤¡ǸʱһԶ᲻ơ
ʱĻʹĻʵܣƳһɳ©ʱ䵽ˣŻ
Լ¡Ůݹȥһ
ڽԽԽˣⶼһˣտʼӶֲȥءȥҲ῵ŻʵЦ˵
ûʵÿһֱķӻǾ˾ģ˾˵Ȳ֮˻ʵܵ壬壬ǿ׳һ㡣
֮ǰĸΪʵ岻ãһֱû˶ΪӹǱø
֮˾˾˵Ļ֮󣬲żûʵÿȻһʼ˵㣬ʵҲҪĸ󶼺˺ûݣһֱලţܼ
ڻʵܵȷǺЩ̫ҽĴ˲١
⺲ԺǱ߱ҪڿˣҪúѧĪҪֶײҪ˭Ķģǧǵø߻ʽ㣬ֱӺθϻ ϾǻӣȻҪԼλӾأȴ˶ӻʼϣ¡˵
ţʽ֪ˡԺѧˣ㻹ҳ𣿡ᰲ̧ͷʵ
ֻҪ飬ʽȻǻȥˣһġ
ᰲʽĴ𻰲Ű
֮żλǰʦδθʼʽȥڿˡ
ڿģ⽲ڵȻҲǲͬģıһ֡
ΪһʼʱڹŽ˼ڿΣڽҲǵӦûгʲô
ڵʱʦλȻҲվһŵģʱǳ ǲԼʦøһ
ȻΪ ǸĺûʲôͬʦҲʮֵ𾴣ҳ֮⣬ĺӣӸΪһЩעҲӼУȻҲΪΪӣľɣȻҲ͸ӺýһЩ
ڿεʱҲվһĹĦŬԼڿʱȱ©ƾ
λˣȻ鲻㣬ڿεʱȴִʦСѽεʱʱľӣͨǳԵ˵еĵǳֿ˶ΪһӵĽ
Ȼڿεķãʱ򻹻ͬ廥⡣
һʱŶӵ״̬ ˿ûжʦ
ȻҪλȥڿΣΪԺ׫Ҫģر¬ʮֿ¡һǰȷæ˲١
ʱȥڿεʱȴʮָ˵ġһҪԭǱȵĺԺҪˬ١
ȻΪԭΧܷ̫ıҲܰѻţһֱһ¶ȣȻˬҲԲȣڶȷʮġ
֣ҵıۿɻʵ
ǰЩһֱЩæʱҲһֱڡӰࡱʱˣҲ÷һˡ
˳ȥ˾һԸˣ¥ߣƳˣȻžһȥˡ


93    ﻷǲ ѵá
ﻷǲ , ѵô죡ȥ֮󾣼̾˵
ţҾ¥Χ˲ٱ裬һֱʮ, ҲΪ, ÿ˿ɶأȻٵĻ, ǻҪżء
ʵҾ¥Ǯƹ񿪵ģȥ˵ݵĻ, ż϶е, һֱпõż, Էֹⷱæʱ˹ΪûżŪ, ˵ˡ
Ҳȥ鷳ص˼˵, ͺ;ڴ֮һλ
ҪۣѾڴܾˡ
ʲôһûмأ档ȱ۶˹ʱ򾣼ʵ
˵Ҿ¥³Ķ, ǲŵõķû֪㳢, ĵʱٺʲˡ
¥;յسű, ¥ϵżʱ˴ˡ
ǷͶᰲ, Ϊ˴Żʵܹһ, , ͽ¥żЪЪ
¥, Ҫ¥ȥᰲʽ˵ʽ, ҿ˸ڿεˣҲˡ
˵һʱûзӦᰲּһ䣺ǸԺ׫, ҿˡ
˳ᰲĿ濴ȥȻ棬һųڵķ
Ҳû⣬ֱ̧׼ȥ
ᰲ뵽ȻʽڻУҪһſԡ϶ῴˣʱθ˵ô죿ʱҶ֪͵͵Żʽˡ
ʽ°ڣ˵ʽ㣬ҪټһɣȻȥ
׻ʵʲôЦ˵û£λ˵˵ģִ֪ģȥɣ
ᰲʽôһ˵ЩɵĸŻʽȥ
֮󣬾õʱᰲȻĿ⽻һ£֮ûʲôӦͷԶˣʱᰲŷһ
߰ɣһȥȪһݣǱ߻㲻˵
ôˣոտ̧ͷǱһ ȻҲ˹ȥ ûзʲôرģֻǼһŮӿǴ׵ܳġ
ûʲôֻǺǿžеĹˣ࿴ۡ
ûмӵģҲϲո߹ǸŮӺŵͯΪʱ侭ȥڿΣԶǱȽϤˣҴһƳ˳
ϲĻӸŵŮӦþǻʹΨһĹɡĻҲ벻˭ֱӴŶӳ
ֻʹеĲ̫һΪǾڹ¶棬ټѾʮˣһֱûж»Լһͨ˽´ͨ죬ôᵽԼûأ
ȻЩͷĹŮȴûжţֻΪΪǹݲŻΪ˵
ֻڿĵȷܳƵˣֻһ㣬뵽˼ҹݣҲʮơ
Ȼ˳Ҳûд˵ȥʱҲֻ˵Ǿй ûеݡ
˴γ˴Żʵܳһ棬ȻĿġҪǮһ¾˾ڱ߹˵ڱ߹ϾˣһʱҲ˵ĸЩģԾֻųλȥһǮ
գˣȥڿεʱ ֶӿ۹ЩӣûʲôӦźһרע˿
ЩʧЦöЩִ͵͵ȥȴСʦСѧʦ߼ҳһ
ӹúƽûʲôͬڻʹһֱǺԺҪһߵĻƽȥ֮ҪôȥʦҪôһ˳ȥھһ䣬ûʲôر
֮ǰԺԣҲʧˣҲΪмڽoӽʱ򣬻ϸպԱߣȻ䡣һԺķȻͱˣܲ˵ʥϰɣֻһССĺԺ׫ֲȥƨɣ
ת۾һȥˣ彥ӦܳΪ
ֻȥʦϵʱЩΣܾʦʦĻЩġѾʮˣʹ˶Ѿɻ飬ֻΪִһЩһֱûпǳɻ¡
Ҳ֪ǲˣЩоʦʦŮ޸Ů˼
ΪʦûԣȻҲþֻܾʦԼµʱ ˵һԼʱûʲôɻȤһҵϡ
ԺʦҪˣҲֻܾܾˣϾʦŮ̫С˲ʮִ꣬㲻ϣǸδСŮôȢأ
ʦûֱ˵ءȻϣֻǶˡ


94 ߻顱   Ҳȥ
Ҳȥ, ֮ȥʦϵĴҲЩֻʦǾͷ
˵ʵԼ, ûе͡ڲʮ, ִֻǸճأһʱ, һֱ˶ʮģͲʲô, Χĸһץһѡ
ڴܳ, Ѿķ, ںԺ, Щͬƽʿ֪ƽһЩľǸ, ǵ֪һģ˶Ѿɻ˵ģ, ҲкüˣȻҲΪ˲١
ȥĩʱҲѾɻ, ʱܻȥ, ֻ˺ȥףһɽ˵ĸҲѾڸ࿴ˡ
һںԺҲżѯɻû, ¬Ҳʹ, һ, ܾˡ
岻ɵ̾˿, Ϊһִ , Լڵ״Ҳ̫ˣʮͽ뵽ִʮԺӦĴ߻µĽϡ
ˣǸ, ŮӱѵĶˡ
ͨռҵŮһ㶼꣬еΪŶɵеľǵ۰Ůˡ
Ȼ һʮҾͻ࿴˼ˣټȥˣȻ˾͸ýˣܻ²ǲʲôŻᵽڻû࿴˼ҡһͻŮνġڡ ֮˵˼Ҿˡ
ЩϲŮӣһʮʱиĸͻῪʼ࿴˼ˣʮͿʼ׻ǳˣһ㣬ʵз˵ͱˡ
ʮ߰껹ûж׵Ů֮٣˵ǸͻᱻڱأڱҲ٣οŮأ
˵ףһߵ⣬һʮСɲȢ˼ӵΪҴԽ֮ǰѾʮ Խֹ֮ʮ꣬ǱʵˣûһСŮˡ
ֻһһˣϸɣʱٿǳɻ顣һԣΪиĸȥТ׵ŮӦҲУһȻŮӴϼ꣬Ӧǳ˵ġ
ʱɻʱЩŮоһõģʵҲҲ˳Ȼɡ
ʱʹķҲ˺ķա
ȥʱĸѾˣΪȨ֮ңչĶǵģŸһ׵ġɵһεĿƾ٣ĸЩ¿ƽʿĻᶼ׼ˣȴһ㲻Ȥֱȥˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊһֱûж飬в˵ֻԼ⣬˹ȥ
ѾʮˣĸΪĻԽԽˣѸʽĻϽһ
ãĸ˻֮󶼲࣬ϾǹΪôܶʲô෴þ
֮󣬻Ҫһ𣿴ſʼһʱ罺ᣬȥֿʼ㣬ʹΪҲû취ֹķ
׵ʱΪһһһ˫ˣǺõľǱˡĸȻֱǸǵģǷԶǵãΥ˵ĸĳŵʼʱĸЪ˹ҵģ
˶Ĳɿһһɻʲôϵأ
УʺŸ˵  ľûһ۵ģȨм׵ģ涼ӦоУôҲһѽ㲻ڳɻ飬ȶҲǿԵġ
ʺ̾һΪһĸ ҲŮ޳ȥ ޲ðŮһֱԼߡ
ŮҸԺˣи˿Ů໥ չǻһͣôһֱԼĸ׵ģʱ䶼˷⹬еĹĶ֮ء
Ϊʺ󣬼֮УһҲˣȻʵΥŵŵԣҲܺ롣
һΪǿԺټ޵ģǰҲû
ĸҲ֪ǵҺͰҪĸ⹬ôˣҲЩֶε ʱҲֻ˽ЩС˵ʲô£ڻǲġ㸸ʶһЩ֣谮Ҳùͷġ
ȻҪҲգǸ˵ĸһһɽʱûˣοֳڱ߹־أ˿˿ݡЩνҲ֮󣬰οԼĵĽڡ
ЩͲضԷ˵ˣֻŷԼӣҪѴõʱ˷
ĸ˵ϣֻ˵ȿǿǰɣôҲûѵʱȥĸѽĸ϶ҲŮҵһʵɾɣ
˵ҲЩЦˡ
УȰ⻨ûȥ׼ˣ


95    ĸĻᡭ
ĸĻϽȥ, ȥĸ˵͸øˣܲס
ʹһ, Ҳ˴乬, κбСŮᴷȣֻȴЩ, ŮʲԽҷˣƢԱǻʺ󻹴, ȻҸû, ҪǱȥΪЩСһϸ״, ָ˵ʶ, һӼƽأ!ˡ
˵žİֱߵײյ͵˳ȥŵԱߴȵСŮһ, ˿ŮʲɫŸҼš
ʲŹЦ˵಻ѽƹ˶þ͵óˣʱʱѽ
κ仰, ȻʹȻѽ, ôأ˵Ѿʮ˰, ͸óȥ, ڻ⹬һֱͱԡ
ѽ, ɲ֪, ֮ǰ˽´Ϊݳаհһֱûж׵, ֿǱȷС, ˼ҿͶˣϾҪɻˡΪϣЩղûаõ˵, ԻһЩġʲ˵
κ˼һᡣȥȥɢһ㣬ʹ˵Ϊݳªһֱûж׵ģȥʱСһ㣬Ҫ¶šУȥұ׵ĸܼңȥ飬С¸ײ᲻ҵġ
ǣūȥʲ¡
κ˵ºȸղźöˣŵҵʱ򣬻Ϊ˻ʼҵ棬϶ŷʼףǸʱ򣬿Ƿôڹԡҵʱ⾩ĸҿ϶Ҳỳɷǲʲôһֱûж׵ģʱǹ˵˼ҲҪһء
κ׸յ˴ӹﴫĿź󣬿ãŷԸܼȥ죬ЩǧҪ˷涯֡
ǣˡ
κ׸Ҳ֪ŮʲôһֱڹȷЩġЩʵһֱûãϥֻзһŮִҪѷ̫Ů̵ԣ䲻֪Ǽ٣ǷȷҲǴСʦ̵ģܵĽڻӵĲֶ࣬ȻҲʲô
ŮڹΪԭȷ첻ֽţϽˣԺŮͻʺ̨ʱҲɵ㡣϶ԻʺĸͲյǻʱιˣŮܰѻȫסû϶Իʺ󳹵û֣Ժʱ򣬿϶ƫӡ
κ׸ûҰĵģֻһֱûȫ¶ڳϸǴûһ¡ȻҲΪԼʤһЩ滹ġʱóȻһ£»ϲ¼ɣһȺֻ֪ͳıֹܶ಻Ҫ¶ˡ
⼸оЩ֣֪ôģͻȻڷһЩԾѸٵĴ˿ԽԽˣǰֻ˽˵䣬⼸ںԺ߹ʱ򣬶˵飬˵ʹ֮֮ͨˡ
ִ˵۹⿴ʮ껹ûжһˣǷʱȴ˶Ķ²⣬ʱҲֻһ֮Եķʾͬ顣
ÿ϶ЩεģȻΪʲôԾͻȻΧĳأҪûںƶô졣
ִʱ򿴵Ӿľ飬⼫пǳԺӵֱʣȻ˭ȥ⵱أ
Ǯ⼸ҲǼЩݣһֱæŰѹ飬ʢҲѳȥȥԵԴͷˣǰŽȽóһ㡣
ĽȴЩʧԵȷİŲͻȻģֻ̫ɾûһֽţ׷鵽ҲֻҵؤϡֻܰѾŵѹȥ
⾩йŮвٻǼģڷò죬಻£ûмŵģҲֻͨնΪ档
ȻҲв˽룬ѵм
Ժܿʹ˻ϵĶУµ̫ܹ˵ʱǬİĵֱˤ˵ϣȥϽȥ޲飬ֱӻڲˣ޵ҪԵǴĴġ
ǣ¡
ϣǬȥ˹˴乬κɫЩѿ֪ԹǴ˻ϵĶˡ
źʵ¿ΪڵأҲ⹬Եġ
ţ֪˭ô󣬾ȻҰŪʼǷǣ
κ⻰ȴɫ䣬˵ѽҲ֪˭ɵġ檿ѽȷǸ࿴࿴ˣȻ檲ǷĸڷҲЩǵģǲ֪֮ǰΪʲôʺһֱûи顣
˿ϵɫκ˵ڷѾʮˣ˵ΪӣŮöԣ룬һǺöɲϾҪС𣿷ʱѡɲ𣿵óᣬᣬ࿴࿴ҲܳûסЩԵ졣
Ǭһᣬ֮ǰʺȷ˵ôˣٶ꣬ʱҲûж룬ȥˡڹĻҲеȷǸȸ࿴࿴ˣЩˡ
Ȱοĸ󣬵ĸˣԴʹˣŮںԵģԹһʱ϶ɢȥ
ҪǺԣͲһֱѻƵԸ࿴ˡʱҲ֪Լ͵ȷˣҲٶˡ޹ĻҲʱóˣҲûȥˡ
ϵʱѾЩûǬۺȻˡ
ʺҲˣ㾡࿴һʱѡӵøңҪѡһּͻ顣Ȼ㿴ǹԴģ֪ĻΪ޵Ůжôòأ
ʺˣЩޱĵȻû˵Ҳڸ࿴ֻΪһõģźķѵʱЩ
ǬۿŻʺҲ˵ֻ͸Ͻٰ飬Ҳ֪϶ĵģͲٶ˵ˡˡ
⣬ΪȥټǮƹһֱŬѹȥû죬ԵǹȻʼʧˡ
Ļʹȴһֱûвֻܾȷˡ
һݺһҵȥʦĿ֮ǰʦĹĴĿٵʱдϾҲǸС̡
θһֽؿţȻЩȵ˵ʲô


96    ʦпȥ
ʦпȥ, ŷһź֮ǰ͸ĿļܽᣬĸʱСĲ˽ȥ
żܽᣬ˽ġΪͺھ, Ǳ߻˵, ֻÿһ¶дһ¶ܽᣬÿһ¶ܽ͵
ΪԼӻнЩѧԺռ˰ֻб, Ի˶Ǹƹ, Ϊ˹ƹְλҲҲ, вڶǵλء
ڵЩܽᱨ , ֻ㱨֮, ű һ , ݵı仯ǿһ
Щգû뵽һϸµȻֵ᷸ͼĴ󣬾ܽнǵĸ
ھʦű, Ҳ̫⣬ĶҲǻܡ
ʦʱЩɻ, 㿪˵ѧǱĹļܽ, Ҳ˵˼
дʲôθָűϵİ˵
θ˵֪漰ǮƵ, ʹΪʦҲӦ, ʱӦýֽѧ, ͲסĶʵǺ, ֻˡ
ѧƽʱ̫, Сʱһ֪ɫżȻѧĶǾͰż佫ЩдȻõ˼ϡѧЩΪ, ȻЩƽʹõȫû֮ʤʤʹ쳣򵥣ʡȥʱ䡣
ʱΪǰ֪ʷ̫һԭӦڴδǸʱӦŷ̴İҲûд룬ţһᰴʷչƴģϾȻټҲûУ˵Ҳûʲô⡣
ָʦһЩ֣θܿͶˣдȷܻΪʡ²ʱ䣬ټиϲͬĿı񣬿ȷǸˡ
Ϊű׻Щϵ˽ģθҲԼѧ£ǱȻ㣬ҿƹʹãڻɣȥֻбʹдܽһҿܲõԼȥԺƽﴦʱ϶ʡϲ١
ȻǴӦģȻһЩǩʹ˴۸ĵĻᣬƽʱʹʮַġ֮ǰΪޣֻǱ߾ƹ㿪طһֱûлʲô˼鷳ǼȻӵˣȻҲŹƹ㿪ȷһ£ִȫ綼ԼͬʹЩҲԭġ
ȥ֮д̲һʼЩֵʹ÷ԼױЩʵǺܼ򵥵ģܾ⳯ĿƾٿϽʿ볯ΪٵˣûмǴֻҪˣӦú֣ܿΨһҪĵľǵĽˡ
дŷֵˣէһʼѧȷѸıԭϰߣЩֵʹáԭƹ㿪ΪѧԺҪЩγ̣һڸҪʹЩ֣ҲŲòʼѧġ
ƹЩˣص̫ˣºƹ㿪
ʱĻʺմѼıඩĻᣬʮϸɸѡ֮󣬶ѡ˻ϣĿϵȻʮģȻҲὫѡ
Ǭ۽ӹϸĿ
˲ֻ࣬ʮÿһ˺涼ϸĽܣ䡢ࡢȸ鶼
ʮĸ˳ȨȴǼͨģֻʮˡǬ˼
˵ʵʺҪġֻӣӳԹǻʺ֮ˡ
ȻڻСɳѾʼվӵĻ治٣Щ֪Լ߹ģֻǸʱֵе࣬·ҪѰˡڳЩ͵͵ʼվӵģʲô֡
ڹվ׸һɣʺֽȻֽΪڱ߹أĿǰܻЩ޳Ī˾Ȩʱ򣬳ЩͳıصĹԱСӵֲֽ֧֣ھǵȱȻ֧Щ⣬ʵȴǴƾеġ
һܹóϵһƽ״̬һҶȻԼѾЩ˵ʵͷǵİ׷ȴ޿ɱ粵Ҳû˵ŵǻʱľܰеʱ䶼ķ볼ӵȨ֮ϣڵƺ֮
ֻһϵڳжʱ򣬺ҳΪʵ۵ȨҲܵӰ죬ֻеɻƺ⣬Ϊ˵õʵ۵ƫ򣬻ʱ򣬲ܱ֤ΪʵȨȹ̡
ԷŮȻҲ۰ģϾԼĵһӣȴӰ쵽ԼȨǻʺŮȻĻվԼĵܵһߡ
Ķ׶Ȩ󣬾ǸڳºĴΤ룬ǸСףͣǬԲǻᶨԼȨƶģʱƱҲ뵽λ֮һҵɾȢŮΪһȻͬˡ
Ȩ󲿷ֶԴ֮ܳʱھӪԼģôȥˣֻǵ̸ˡһ֮󣬾൱ڸһɴȥһɲСǬ뿴ġ
ϵʮˣȨֻˣȫҲͷһ˼ΰ˻ˣطǳ
ΪŮȻҲ޵̫ѡһͨһЩҲǼģȻҲ罻ܳΨһĹӹµ֮
ʱǬٴοĥšͨѡ˵ǼͨҲֻǱȨԵģʵǵŵҲˡΨһΪ⣬Ǳ֮ǰԵе״ԪҲǴܳһԪ塣
ˣ˵ûκμԣˣһȷҫۡ귽ʮţףҲйңʮָɾټ֮ĵȷǾ񣬶˷Σ˿Ůȷɺˡ
Ǭ۶ԻʺѾˣģһһɾ
պδθһ鷿ʥϡ
Ǭۿ꣬ãƹ㿪ȷвСõġΪʵۣÿκͻ򽻵ʱǽ඼ǳƪ빣µĲУԺѧֻбãЩи仯ڱȻҲһ㡣
߾θԣѧģǬûʲôɸͷͻأ˯ͷɡ
˲СĹͣʵú͹ʣֿΪͻҲһʮˡ


97 θû롭
θû뵽ϾȻô׾ͱ˵ͨ, Ϊ÷һ˵ϣѾ˱ܾ׼ˡܻǳʲôĿǲŴӦģθ϶ʮ⡣
ΪǬ۽θȥ, θѧ, θȻǰӺԺҽ˳ȥ, Щֻбƹ㿪
Ϊθ񲿵ģȻҲȴ񲿿ʼˡΪû˱Щֵļʹ, ȥѧȻǷĪˡ
˵ʵ, ΪһССĺԺ׫, һڹԱϿεʱ, ѹЩġԽ鶼ܽˣС滹סġ
ֻϿεʱ, һڹԱʮָӡЩ֮Ļг˳ʽʱͷ֮, ǸǱֵҪһ
ʾ⣬ѧȷǺܴ, ЩէһӴĹԱץ, ȥ
Ȼ⼸ЩԱ̵ͷ, Ǻôѧ, ʱ, ȲҪҲϽһ⼸
ͬѯʱ, ǽǲԼͬıʾ⼸ĺ, ̵Ķãѹֱ¼ȻССĺԺ׫ǡ
Ҳû˵䲻Լ˵, ̵ĶҲģҲǿͬˡ
Ϊ棬ֻǺһˣ֮󣬽۵Ļȥˡ
һ¹ȥˣڸһ䣬Ҳ󲿷ֵĹԱ˸飬ʱ򶼵Լؼҵ·ϸѧȷǲС
ȻҪѧˣЩԱû뵽Ǹո˿ຣջȥҪЩõУʱ޿
ڳ˻ĹԱĹԱڹ֮漰Щּĺ٣ǵˡ
ĹԱԹصƾն˲ٵĹڻðѽµĸĿʹ⼸ѧĶɱȻǰķʽҪʡʱʡǶ̫İһʱ̫ϰߡ
ĳɹϲ˵ģϿıǰһдޱȷЩǼˣҲӷˣҲЩڲڳĶ϶ֽţΪ˱֮һϵݱ仯ԣֽźױ֡
Ǭۻľ֮ϲˣԺԼƹȥŵ㻹ͦġ
ع֮ Ǭȥ˻ʺ޹ʺ˵Ѿѡˣ˱ȥ״Ԫ塣;ͱȷһ꣬ңҲԺ ҲǲҲǲġ
ʺһ֮ǰϣֳ˼滹ʮжٮٮߡͲ÷Ȩףÿ컹ҪĶǵġ
Ҳ޳ҲȥԺŴ򽻵Թøġ ΪТҲöһǸǿƵģϱݣٲõЩ򵥣ʱ򷴵ŵˡ
ʹʺ⣬ҪȥԼŮһģǶԻϵѡģҪȥһ·ܵ˲źá
Уˣⲻ֮޵ٽڣյʱǶ˴ͻ顣ʵ۵
ʱ򣬷ĸ޹Ҳ֪ѡ
壬ڶҲ̫İǰΪǮƹŵ֪˵ģʱȷǱȽ֮ͣǾܴӻʵ֣ܿʵܶʦϲĺܡ
֮ǰʮ˵Ҳˣ˵ʵʮĺøߵġ
ΪӴѾ׻Ƕˣĸδѡʮ֮Ѿǻ˲ٹˡ
Ϊĸ˵֮ǰɷԼںɾˡ˵꣬ȥԹѡˡ
棬ڡصǰɻӽľ
ϵˣȻеļЩʵǴڸ£ûԼʲôɼĵǶЩ˿۵ġ
ۺϱȽ壬ǱȽġҪǣ峤û
˵òҪ󲢲ߣһĿķܹġƽʱҲܿŸһ㡣
ͶĸŮҲûʲôһоĸˡ
ʺһ֪ŮǶѡˡ
ֽչеʵͬЩȻһѯ֪ԭ˵ʥϵĵˣҪʥ׼ٽˡ
ԭˣʱ̫æˣԼȻˡһ뵽ϹʱЩԱż죬̲ס
ѾԤõʱȥĹ䣬һˡƷҲǲòμġ


98 ٽ   ֣ôˡ
, ô˸ˣʲô·ŵһȻЦ˵
Ҳûʲô·ֻ뵽ʥϹٵʱǾļ, ͿԷһ, һȥǽһׯɵĹء
˵ƽҲ壬һֻһ, κòģɲúúϧ𣿺ôٲǣ
, ԥһ, ˵ҾͲòһ, ׯӿȥˡ
ţôȥˣѵǺԺʱݼҪ߸Ϲ񣿡ЩɻӦò, ҲûʲôѹĹš
⵹ǣΪһ顣ҿ϶ûʲôϵ, ෴ܻЩϵ˶٣Ц
屻⻰˵Ǹɻ, Ǹʲô飬˵и׼
ɻı, Ҳ, Ҳ֪ٽҪڹɣ˵겻ЩƷߵĴ󳼴żҾոսٳʿ, Ӧûлȥμġһ, Ϣ˵Ϊһ, ҲþеṫӻһʿʮµĶҪ, , ο϶ӲˣһҪȥġ
ȻЩȷ˵˻˵ʵϱҲųεᣬ, Ȼڵʱ򣬺ҲйٽڵϸӴͻľڳҲ
ϢҲֻģҲʮȷҲǰ˾Ųʮˣֻǲ֪˭ͻ顣鶼䵽ˣˡֵЩܣʣҲûгɻ顣
ˣҲЩԾû뵽ôһԭģǱǲòȥˣڴļˡ
⼸ΪЩæˣʦȥһΣǵȥˡ
Ϊ֮أĹУײйġ֮ףǮԺΪ٣أЩҪȽġ
θϸԼѧһʱɵ£ЩԺõĵģһĽѧҲѧԺٵʱ㾭飬ڶ·
Ҳջ࣬ʦĽ˽⵽ǰδ֪飬ЩһЩʵʵľ̸֮ʦˣҲû๦ܽ⼬ֵ⡣
أȻǰôҲйɵ飬ո˰ҲٶӷġʵϣڴܳûнйɵزռЩ˽Ķ
θѧˣʱϰֱӸѧԻȥˣԥһ£ѧ˵ǱµٳˣʱҲýμᣬǵʰľһ㣬Ϲض࣬Ҫעһˡα¿ܻͻˣҲӣҲ˵ĸµˡ
лʦѣѧ֪ˡȻʦô˵ô֮ǰ˵ˣȷӲˣĴǾϢˣԼȥеļءҪȥμӹ磬ʱ϶ҪһֱΣʱעԼ̬ϯĹظǷ࣬ʼҵɲɣܹ༸ֵġ
ʦ˵ܻᱻУΪ飬ûзϡôأڵٳֻԪͷҲûй˵ļôܻأԼһ֪֮ģȻ롣
ˣθϲ̾˿뿴ûԼѧԼŮˡͷ˶Ƕѧʮ⣬ƷԸǷģҪǰŮ޸ҲǸŮһùޡѧĸȥԺһŮǰˣǵŮҲ޹ţί
ϧˣѧûҪɼҵ˼ŮأȻѧ棬ȴһϲ˼ҲûУһȥϸʣԭѾŮԼ˼Ϊ֮ǰ˴ųȥμӹľۻᣬ˼Ĺϲ֮⡣˫н֮⣬ŮҲ˸ùޡ
ڱҲ˵ﻰ⣬ⲻĻҪѧˡϣܾͻּͻˡΪȻǸ˼ǵûȷ˵ûкѧ˵飬ֻʱһ¡
ܿ͵˻ٳһ죬Ȼ˲٣һƬŵƽʣش󣬵ǽǾȻ˿ҡ
ڱϽҰǲڵ赸ݣԿһȻϵ赸Ļ࣬Ǽչտ忴ҲǾζϵĶȻûгԵģΪѾãֶ֮Ӱ̬Ͳˡ
棬ϯ׵ĴǶף٣ףٵĺ񣬻ҲʼƸ¶ͬ֡ܿվʹﵽ߳ȻׯأȴҲ˲٣ϯҲ˲Ц
굹ֲ٣˾ھȱʫһףһɣȥ޵е״ԪɣĲŵùģڣ
ĳӽһƬǣͬѡ
Ͳ˻ϺԼ֣Լʫʵһ£Ŀ֮£ֻһ̬վʥڡ
ʫ徭ôĿƾ٣Ҳеĵˣ˵ֳʫҲѲֻǳ˼˼룬һ¸壬ѿڵ
ǧڣ
紫죬ձ顣
࣬Ȼ
¹ڰ£ĺƳ
ųף¡
λ緾¶׺˿ҡ
棬硣
˼һ£С˿ 
Ҫв


99 Ϳں   Ǭۻ䣬¶ʱ
Ǭۻ, ¶ʱ֮һ仰˼ѷָ壿ôأļ, Ϸɣ
ת, 峤ĿҲ, Ϊƹֻб˲Сĺ䶯, Ȼʲô䶯, ҲһСı, ƾΪ, ٴε˻ϵۣûϧ֮, ѷ¼
׿ͷģ뵽
ʱϵĻ, Ҳ˾κˣû뵽ıʦǾ仰˵, Ҳʵ̫, һ׼ûС
ʱȴ˼ʱ, ϻĻػ, ֻϻصر, ޻䡣
Ȼ˵, ѳԼл, ϶֪ˡ
ŶǿϧˣȻ, ޸ָһ¿ɺã
Ȼֻܾܾõƾ
֮Ů״ϻò˫ȫ˳޵ͣΪһ÷ڰѷָ䣬˴ͻ飬֪ɷԸ⣿
ȻѾ˵仰Ȼǲ˵ԼԸ⣬ǵڴϵϯҾԸ⣬лµĺ񰮡
Ʒòڣݹأ䣬ҲѾˣһֺСŮ׵ĸУӦҲûʲôִ
ããȻϾ͸Ƕ˴ͻ飬д󵱻Ů󵱼ޣ޿ͷҲǰ䣬Ժɻˣɲ޵ŮίԺί޿ɾʣЦ˵ɫȻǶԴµʮ⡣
·ģúô£幧ص
Ѿ䶨ˣڴʱȥɨϵüͷ˵Щɥʱ򣬵½ףعά֮
ʱҲһʼûʲôעС͸һ±ֿв˶￴ʱƱͷʾ⣬ʱȻҲܵûпֻҲ˼ҾƱ˻ȥҲֻӾУĺȾƣȻʱĸΪڼϯˡ
ԱߵľҲЦŵҾ﹧ϲˣִϲ֮գһҪҹȥĦĦѽ
ǵȻӭϲƣֻǵʱ϶ҪþƷˡҲЦ˵
;ϵʱȻҲԸġ
ʱһԵһֱĬĬɫЩޣôĺأǴһʦĹ֮ͣǰ﷢Ǽ£˵ʦΪЯԼѧŰѹͰͷϵġ
Ϊƾļôô˻ϵۣûϰѹˡʱҲԼΪʲôἸ꣬˵ʱҲ̵ֺ¡ֻȻԼԶԶ壬ʮʱҲҺӵʵˡ
ʱ仨˲ٹǮҵ˴ߣ˵ͺͶ׸£ʱ׸һλ˵Я϶ڹٳϳ壬߷뵽
ʱȻĲҲϲϲüˣ
лּԣҲ׸л˻ȥֻȴûϲƣʱҪԼˣҲȥǵĹϵûǸزƽʱǶļʣҲһֻ۱һֻۣûд
󣬻ϸͻϢܿʹ˾֪Ҷ׷׸̾ĺûʲôȻܵ˻ϵۣȢݺҲĽ
ҲԴӴӹ֮ÿնвڰдǺηʥȻȢ
ЩĿװûɵԼ顣ʱڼеĺæĽŲմأȴЦ
ҿðˣ֮ǰΪү״ԪѾǵˣû뵽ڻ˻飬ˣ˱Ӷ벻ѽ
Ϊǹ¼ޣųȻǵ㹻ˣί˼ҡһ֮ǰµլԺǲЩ䲻Ϲݡ
󺣲үڹһլӣȲί˹Ժܷһ㣬Ͼ⹫ʱԻȥģǰ͹סڹӣ̫Զô顣
լȻǲ˵ģǵضҲĺãҲûмԸ֡ͲסӶѽʮǵ˼ɶˣ⽻Ȼǳ˵ġʱҲ׼Ĳ˸ŵ֪Ƿ׷׸̾
ּҲûˣһȺ˴ʥּּΪ֮ŮĸΪʺΪӰ׸ʮлϥ£ϲ֮壬ƷԴŻ磬ַ깫ʼ֮꣬ͻ֮䣬ͬͬ⣬ؽ֮ã޺⡣մˡ
ּ
үּϸЦ⣬æּÿ˶һɰǺûʲôڸеС̫࣬һ
ȻѾ˻飬ǻѡûе廹żÿջǵճȥԺֵǸڿΡ
ӿżΪԼҲñ׽ƽʱ˵ʱ͸ˣ뵽ʽ㲻úҪˣСԺһҪúôҵĻʽ㣬ȻԺҿ϶Źġ
忴Ŷӵı飬Ҳ֪ǻУЦŵ·ģһúöԴµġ
áҪʲô͸ʽģԽңҸȥЩŤ˵
Ȼǻʺ󽻴ģҲȺŮһ¸顣
лº⣬ȳжˣʱһ¡
ּѾˣͷδˣ͵㶫Ҳ˽ܣֻʱ룬Լ͵ʲôأ
ڹﳤ󣬸صĶ϶ǼˣһĶǺ빫µˡҪԼһĶɡһ֧ں죬ŮӦöϲɣ岻ȷš
˵ɾ͸ɣȥ֮˿ʼ׼ϣΪһѧѧģںѲȻûͣʹ棬ҲǺ׵õģڿںۣȫĻƣ˿ںĹӲ̫Ū֮⣬鶼ܼ򵥡
ںĥĥҲͺܿĵˣͣù˾ĻơȻˣ϶ͲֻһֻɫĿں죬Ū˼ֻϸŵжʮֻʵٹ
ѡʮֻģװϽУڸڿ֮󣬽ȴķ᲻ϲ룬ϣϲɣŽŮϲĶӦǲİɣ
Ȼ֮ǰûгɻ˼ڻѾͻˣѳɶ֡ΪһǵġꡱԷЩڴģҲҪȺδһ¸飬һ㡣


100    ӽӹݹȥĽ
ӽӹݹȥĽ֮, Ȼʮֺ͵ʲôǻǰסԼĺģϽȥнʽϡ
⼸ĸ㶫ɰ֮ĸ׼ȥ, һ¸, û뵽߻ûͶ, Ǳ߾˶
򿪽Уŵʮֻ״Ķ, 滹һżֽ, ˿, ͵ʲô
ȥñӹŮ
ǡ
ž, żֽ˵ķǸСں족Ķ, ȻСĵͿԼĴϡͿֶ֮žա
, ⴽ֬ɫʺúܣĵԽˡŮ޵
ҲЦ, Щĸ, ûм˵øС
Ϊ, ЩյʽػĶ, һǼֵǧֻյһȴЩڲͬ, ġ
ҲЩɻ, ѵһ, ״ԪɣôŮҵĶأѵ±֪Ц
ȷˣ֮еࡰں족һһһ, Ȼû˵ʲôǱȷϲġ
ˣĺɰˣԼɣԭŮһɰȻϼֱԼ͹ȥģֻˣҪԼһϾ׼ΪŮҵĶˣһɰҲͶұˡ
Ҳ֪ȥǷϲǲúж͸һɰЩԵţЩŤŤͼ֪϶ǷˣǽŮ͹ġȻӦİɣ岻ȷš
ȻöӰæһиĴ֮⣬ϴĿں죬ں͸˵ģȻ͸ʺҲǰֺһδĸ
ʱӹǿ಻ԣһʼΪ͸һؾˣû뵽ֱһʰĻʽδÿ춼ҪͶɣֱҪΪ֮רʹˡ˻ǸϽɣʱʲô͵Ͱɣ
쵽Ǽ죬Ȼ鶼˺ǻǲɱæ˽Ųմء»ĵصµľڹԱߵǸլԺһʱæѾõĺԭסĵطûʲôˡ
ȢǹһʢĻ
£ãҹؼʱѾˡȥõ廨ڷڸиʱҲ˺ϲ켫ˡ
Ϊʱõڴвûʲô壬ֻǴʱϣȫһĴɫԵϲЩˡɲЩõ廨仨
鵱գΪ޳鶼ʦ֡
θȻǲƴǣѧͱԼĶӿˣôҪѧ齻ҲǶʦ𾴡
ɻȻǺͨǲһģǸӵķҪִ׵ʱһնȻиСҲǶӣȴûʲôʫȥˡ
Ҳ˺ôһŽӭ
ӭ׶ԣվΧ۵İգйٲһţά򣬲Ȼ·Ҫ߲ȥˡ
ΪܳΨһĹʱʮױҲð࣬׷׸пѣСĽ֮࣬ҲԺԼǷҲأ
ڽߵʱʱҲһֲã͵˻ˡ
ӭ׶ڻصϾͿԿʼˡʱڱͻдŮǸڸǲסԼĵľ̾г
ԭǰࡰɫϤ¼֮ģֻǻɫʵˡ
ɫŴԼɫ⻨ϵɫĺȻȥһҲûմȾκͿȥġ
ĻҽǼδδţûȻĴɫϡĻ϶Ҫֵǣﻹֻһһ䣬ǲõԺǣҪѶѽ
λͽǾˣ׷׸̾ĴֱʡдΪͼ޵ĹҲ𾪣ڻʹʲô仨ֲûмԺɫҲˢǵ֪
Χľ̾Щ棬ֻŸͷĿ֮Ҳƿһֻܵų֮̽ˡ
ʦθϻķڸдͣỤֻ̋ʱһ֮һ𣺡ϼݵ
ʺһڹ˽
˸ո¸񣬵ǻûй£Ǭ۾ЦŵҶöˣ޵Ůϲ֮գھˡ
Ϊû뵽ջϻʺЩ̾Ҫһˡ
ϻʺȻģʱԺġɫҲһ˲϶ԻʺЦŵԷĵģǵ÷ϲ˼ˣ޶Ҳͷˡ
һء
ݸá

빫ڻϻʺ˵ļ֤֮£ڶ̣ˣ
ΪϻʺҲûж̫ʱ䣬ˣʱʣθǱдˣᰲҲȻСΪߣҲûֵ̫ٹ岻پơ
ʱҲڰԸлԼСӣȻͷԸ˽ľˮһֱҲܣλˡ
ʱһξ͵䣬λҲˣֶǻǲҵģϾǹֻߵʱȴյһֽ
ִģʽΪҾ׼˰װһ澵ӣһ֧ں죬һСƿѾƣ֧ɫ
֮ʱյ֮ҲȻ𾪲ѣȥЩӵ֧Ǿġԭںǻأŵȴܲϼ֧û뵽Ȼ͸ˣǴֱʡ
ϴһŽȥо᲻ϲ
ŽŲҲ֪ˣԭǺƽģֻʱȻЩˡ
ͷڼʢװ֮µķ
֮ЩͣĬĬĿŶԷȴ˳ĬһԷŵĺûж࣬˵һҲǸˣ๫ôûãǲθ𣿡
˵Աߵ࣬ҲЩůȻǸܵ˵ģǣֻûθڰˣԺ󡢾ͲҪҹˣ㡢ԳΪߺҲС
˵꣬ҲЩˣһˣҲǹԺֱӳҵ֣ƽͺá
˶٣ֵȻҶѾΪޣôԺǷһ壬빲ˡԸģضֻΨһˣۺԭ򣬾檣Է˱ضֻ֮֮Ըһһһ˫ˡ
Ҳƽˡ


101 ˱       һһһ˫ˣ̫
һһһ˫, ̫ˡʵҲĸŵһһһ˫𣿵ǵͷǹˡ˵仰Ƿأ
ֻȻбŻɵ̬ȣǵǱ, ǵ˵Ĳ, ˭֪Ժ᲻أҲڣֻԺ󡣡
, Ҳ֪ԼͻȻ˵һһһ˫ֻҲ̫÷ţûϵ, һʱȥ֤, ֻô˱ֻԺ, ոǾ仰ҵĳŵ, 䡣
ãǾͿԺıˡĻ˵Щ, ʱԼϲģҲϣδԶ񸸻һΥԼµĳŵ
ЪϢˣ

, ƽʱһʱŵ˯, ʱеʶ, ɼ, ʱһˡ
Ȼһʱ, Ҳ, ڻ, ΪȢǹ, ٵʱĺʹ죬˼, ҲǻĬģȻҲ
Ϊûѣ°Ūѣûֽ˯һȶʱѾҪŵˡ
Щ˵:ǲ 
û£Ҳ⸮ֻˣʲôʱ𶼿ԡ尲
뵽ûиĸģҲ밲ĻˡһãǰڵԺ˸͹Ŵ򽻵ûˡ
Ƕ˿ʼϴŷӹŮŽ룬Ϊ˱ӣȥ˲ϴ
ţȻ岻̫ʳ޲ĹأΪ֪׳ڹ϶עعصģ˸ʲôóԣҲδ˵Ļ
һͨŷ֣ĸкһŮûС֪ΪԼˣŰŮ򷢵ģǱûС
ȻԺҪһˣҲʱûӣֱˣҿ㸮ôһŮûѵΪ˾Ͱǲɢ𣿡
⵹ǣһ᲻̫ϲ˷̣ƽʱҲϰʲô¾ͷԸСˣҲһֱδỤ̊ߵ˲Ҳʹȥ򼸸źš
֪Ϊڹ϶вźէһ϶̫ӦⷽǿݣҪЩźȻ⡣
Ļش⣬Ȣ֮ǰǲŮɫ⵹ǲͬӣ뵽⣬ҲˣЦŵˣֻһʣߵ˹ˣҴӸҲġ
ǾͺãסʲôϰߵģֱӺ˵ֱӷԸȥľͺãԺ⸮飬㶼Ȩ֡
ȻѾˣ⸮ϵȻ͸öŮ˾ˣȻҲ˱
ŷ鷿Ǽ˱õϣǼ˱һЩϵ˱ԺЩ˱˹ĿˣǷҪӣֱӵ֧ȡǣ˺ҵȨһģЩҶѾԸȥˣҿ˼ҼȨҲǽɷ˵ġֻǿ˱۾ƽ˿⿴ҪĵطԽһʱ
֪ҵģ֮ǰҲǮƹ˽һֻЩȫˣѵķ𣿲İǮӻ
²ǸСĿˣЩϣķ𣿡ɵʵ
ڼȻѾˣô޾һˣҵǮǷ˵ǮȻʲôŲĵ˵
ΪΨһĹļױȻ٣ŲױУѾһģȻҲȥĲƲ
Ǿ˵ҲʮָˣҲԼأȻҲپܾˡ
Կ䣬ڵ˵Ǹɵйĳʡĳص׸ǹģȻһֱƣػлݸس˽ѧԺв¥Ȼȥ˲ӣЩȫ˵ҲֻǺССһ֣ʣµЩƲ㽻ӻҲܻӻ꣬˿Ļᱻӻա
ȫҶҲ˸ȫУϣΪ¼޸ͽԼˮƽԵܡǰʱ򣬸еĹʶǽĸ׵ģǸȴ֮¡
ܸ׵ӰʱҲûоԼʲôס
»ҪŷˣΪڻʹŮ죬Ҳöͷݼ˻ϻʺ󣬾ֻ·ͻʺ˵Щ˽Լȥȵӹˣʱȷһ뿪
ԺеĻôģǰδкüɫĻӻûϰ߽нǰһ˳ڽҲûн⡣
žһ֪ʶˣ˼һԣȻ򵥵ĻӽһҲɱɢһ£漰﷽֪ʶ
ʮ־棬彲ùǰѶ룬ȻԼȲȥˣһԲʱָš
öӶⷽȤҲǲ飬ԺԸǱĬдִ֪ʶ
ʱһ߾УʺŮЦʵô


102        ûش𣬡
ûش, Ǻ ʺҲܲµ »鼸 , Ŀ϶ʮĵġ
 , ͦõ ĸʻ , ˡ
Ů֣ʺҲ֪ŮӦͦϲ, Ҳܷһˡڷ޵ʱ, Ȼûбֳʲô , ǻᵣĿ, Ůһϲġ
ȻĸͷˡԺ㲻 , ǧҪĸ ĸǧҪ, ֪𣿡
ţ֪, ĸİ , ŮҿɲһԿ , ԺҶҲ, ҿ϶ùҿı, ͦ, ĸ󲻱صˡ
ŷְ彫˱ȫҲһ˵ , ֮䣬͸¶Ŷϲ
ȻŮô˵ǻʺ̲סﵣ, ֻŷһһģԷ 
һֱŷ࿴˼ҸϽ׳ɻ ֻû뵽ڳɻֿʼڣ
֪ԼǶˣǾǿƲסԼӦøԼҵ 
֪ĸŮ֮϶˽Ҫ϶ûʱ䣬׼ڶӵʱҲû˿Ĳͷ
ȷʱҲôӶ߳ȥŷһȥˡֻʱӻʮֲᣬŶǽһʱ䡣
էһô֪ʶӼֱ˷ܵĲˣŽ¸ٶིһءҲǶµģ֪ʱҪʽȥܶŻǵ´νڿεʱЩɡ
ѾʼϰߵĳΪˡ
ŷ·ҪҪȥǱߵׯӹһ䣿ׯѾˣȪͦ˵ġ
 Ҳûʲô Ǿȥɣ˵
Ҫ仨 Ҫɫġ
Ҫһɫģ
մʱԺﲼɫ֮вġ
ΪҪŪüɫ Ҫȫ˹Уʮ鷳ʱʱԺĻǲ˼ӰӵŸ ˲ٵ¡
Ҳÿ Ǿ͸ɴ⻨ķ˾ǵʮӣΪ鷳ԷҲû̫ ֻ׬˴һǧӡ
׬Ǯȫȥ˴ֲ·һЩ棬ȥӤáҲǲԸӣֻ⾩ǵزһӾȥ ƺܿͱ̰ Ժ׫ҲЩôԵֱ˶ͽȥ
ٹ¾͵Ŀˣ󣬰ı֣ںԺǷȥ ȿһֵ ҵʱ԰ǰһθϵ
ѧ;տʼθȻ̫ϣһӾţôҲҪɼʱȥ֪֪ݣһ㣬Ҳھлһ
Ա˷кܶԲ ǰǹԱ˵һ ȻְȨΧͨһ
ʦˣѡĻѧȥͿǺˣһܶԼȥ˾˾ƹΧ⣬ʱ򻹼ŵһЩܾ򽻵
Ǹ˵ȥ⼸³ŲæȥԺ¥һľڣʱҲ֡
ѧ֪ˡ
ϣκ׸θ˴ǹལɵȻҲǸŻ๥ڵ
£Ҫκ׸ӵܺ գǿŮ޶ ˼ʮٲȻһʵۣڳ  ˵κҵġϲ顣θ
κ׸û뵽黹Ǳθ֪ˣѾѹȥˡߣһȺûõĶ 鶼첻á
룬κ׸ϻǵ˿֪£֮ǰӵܶϼԼġ±֤ģ˽飬ǷµǰɵնҲ޶
׸˵Լ֪ʵڿЦЩû׸˵ݣôܻᷢθЦ
θŲŶ£
泳ãǬ۲ŵˣȻͽθȥˣ걨
θЦû뵽¾Ȼ䵽Լ עǼֺõ һ
ֻõ:һᾡһ𸴡
ɢκ׸θ˽¶ҹһһֻ۱һֻۣһϴ
θ̾ضκ׸ˡƫκ׸Ǳߣڣ£ȥҲøǣ
һ¶θȥݵ˻ˣȷģθڳϵʱȷб
֤ҲѾռˣֻȥ˰֤˴ˡȻθİΪȥһֱţûǱߵлǰ֤ݣ֤ˡ
ֻǻûе֤˴κ׸Ǳ߾һ˶
ԱΡ糯Уκ׸
֮ǰ˵飬ԭǲŵģû뵽˻һ飬Ȼȷд¡Ϊ峤ȥټϳھǣӵԼСˣ鲻һһʣ£ڳѾµӵܰ˾ǽ̲ȥ
Ȼڳ֪ʱģȴǳ̲֮ܽ ҲΣ½
ȻѾʶԼĴˣ֮ҲѾ̲ޱˡˣͷҪеģȻԷڡɣȷٺ꣬˼һѮԺɴ鷢ޱҪﲢˡ
л¡Ժӵһϼӹ̣ܽٷ飬Ըǹ١
츮У鷿żˡ
û뵽κ˻ܺݵģѹȥδθҲûܸ£ɹ˧Ǽ֧ӵ͵̲ǰԼժȥˣܵø׵θ
һȻˣҲñ¿ʼ˲¼ɡڴ
ǱȻģҲűȫκ޵ۣ϶ǲ¼һġǰѾɹñ¶ԶˣȻػʥģòСαҲпܾΪʹӵԭ򣬲û׷´Ҫ׽İѱٱضһ״θ΢ŭ
θУθ϶֮ǰΪʦ˵ȥʱ㲻ǸȥˣȥˣΪʦκ׸㡣
κθѾˡΪθϵѧǵֵȥѹκ׸ôһɽʹ棬ƽ϶ѧʲôܻᱻԵڳµʱ򻹺ױóס
ѡˣ˼Լȥġ
ʵ񲿵ǲʦ飬һǻᱻ˵ȡҲ޹ʹ
ֻ񲿲־Ȥڣ ԣ
ࡣ
׼Ǭ۵
ҪθŮƣθ֮  ˽ְȨ ȡ¸ɵ
ɱ׸һɵˣڿ׸һɵķҲʼˡ


103    ΪУΪա
Ϊ, ΪȡĻ¸Ҳֵǧھ죨һ֣, ѱӦΪְߪһ, Ϊƽɼ
θһ
ֻһӶŮҽѳɼҡ֮ǰκ޵ʱ, Լһû, κһ, Ϻȡֻȴû뵽, Ů߳©
Ů, Ů޵ǽڣŮ޵ľǸոձĺˡǱȽϷĵ, Ҳ»һ۹ٳ֮¡ںƣΪŷŮϲ˲, Ͷֻ࣬û뵽, Ȼͱô¨Ȼһĸ, ϶մ, Ȼᱻץסӡ
ɲ, Ǽٻ֪, ûв֮ǰ, תء
θŻϵر, Ȼ֮꣬ǾΪϳҺƶԳһ, ܸɳٽ購ܻ֮ߵ顣³ϲ顣
ƽɡǬϲϲŭֻ˵ôһ仰
ûһᣬƱ㱻˵ϡ
Ʋμӻϣꡣ
ɣǬۻֵ
˲ٽ֮ȡı˽׿д£㻹쵱űµʵ˵θȵ
꣬Ҳ˲飬µ£³ԩֻѵǸĻ¸
ѵδûھ֮УְȨı˽𣿡ʵ
ʱȷǰ֮棬ߪһȣ֪ֻǳûȡ¸
ʱŵȻӦñΪְҲֻΪĿбˡ͡ѣûз̰ᡱëߪһҲӦû˻ע⵽ֻû뵽ı֪ˣ˻ǰ
¸е£ǻھ֮ǰҲ֪ԼϲѼģŻģ֮ǰҲֵ֪ǧ
ôɵ飬ո͸δδ˾͸ʱ˴ģֻ֮ͨز𣿡ɲƵ˵
˺ü죬һֱΪǻ¸
ȴһҧǺܻߣʱ˵£Ǻ˵ԼθŮһףҲΪͻ˴
ִһʣҲû֤֤ûܻߣȻҲûоԵ֤˵϶ܻˡ
ֻǲְȨľ޿ɱ粵˱̲˶ʮ壬ҹλԱߣˡ
θΪֻǿܱţûκ飬Ǭֻǲ᲻˵䡣
Ҳ㹻θŭҲ֪϶ֻǸʼκǱ߿϶иеѾ;ͷˣԺػعٳҲܰŪؾУԺֻŵһ·ˡ
ˣ˵棬ҲֻһŮҪСˣߵķǺƿԱȵģڱԼǸĶӶҪԺˣǲʡĵĶڹٳϿ϶߲Զʱ϶ҪշҲһֱѽڴ·ԭ
ȻСԸͷ֤ݣݺҪߴȱھһܵ顣ֻһɵҲд˵ģֻϣܹסԼҪ飬Ȼһ鷳
ʱҲԼǱˣΪʱ
һ¹Ѿմ˵ˣںѾչˣԺϣܰԼ¹һ
ģȵȸ꣬ȷȥˣκȻ㡣
ȻϳҲ־硣̾ٳ֮ϣ̫٣˽̫ˡ
˵ͽͬ磬ͬһӣϵ𣿡θʵ
ţǵģһûпŵʱʶˡʵ
ʱκ׸θ˶϶в˶ţǵòҪͽȥദҲԣֻǲ̫׽ˣҲ򲻿ɴӦκ飬Ȼпܱȥκ׸ת㡣θȰ
ʦģѧִ֪硣
ͽȻдţƽʱ񶼻ճͣкҲٻȥŰݷãһֱһʵľ롣
ʱ򣬼罭ڽæ漰ٳĻǻܡֻǺԺ׫ܰϵæޣ϶ͨʦæеʱ̣Ȼȥʦ鷳
£ϵĶӼңʤڼ䣬бչŻְͣĹԱ֮ǰ࣬Ȼд󲿷ֵĶ⣬ŻᱻץڦǻһСִζƷǱƳġ
û뵽ڵĺԺκ׸θˣ֮ϵҲΪγöڵϡ
⶷˼ˣ֮仹ûзֳһǶʧ˲ˡⳡӮҲ֮еһǻ֮ϵĻϡ
ûƫ̻κһҲûгκһһֱȥ˴˵̨Ϊʵ۵Ȩøȹ̣һᣬ˲ĳӡ
κ׸θȻ֪˻ϵ˼ѾˣͲͣȥô࣬ͣ¾ǹһˡ
ƽϾҪˣڳ̫ˣΪʦʱھУ֮Уȥһ徻׾ȥ⵹꣬ʱȳöƽϢˣٻθû뵽ɶôãȥھУȶټЩѧ˵
ѧٳʱжֻ̣ǧǧշģһˣƳˡʹΪҲ岻Щˡκ׸ǹ֮ѧȢĹǻʺ֮Ůκ׸һɶֵĿԾ͸ˣϾζܳһ־һ
ȻҲ֪ʱ䳯õģʦ飬ҲҸʱʦ˵һġʱ̫ңھ٣ʲôͷ֮󣬺Ҳһⳡ
ԣأҲܻܲΪٵľ飬ֻǱھмЩʡȥ⳯öķţ˵ֵͦġ
ǴұںԺأ¬Цŵ⻰˵ЦģԺʺ壬ߵϵġ
ţǵġʱ侩Щң߻ҪٹȥӦЩ̽£ȥĺá¬˹ϵڲЩҲֱ˵ˡ
ֻʱ򣬶˶ûע⵽ǸӰ


104    ѶˣǱ
Ѷ, ǱپֻףһˡٹŰյʱĿ˳ɼټţȥĵط϶Ǹ֮, Ҳ¬˵
ʱ, վŵǣֻ¬Щ, û뵽ȻҪŵĻһϲ, ֻ⻰ġ
, , һԺͬƽʿ, һֱѹšҶ֪и״Ԫעһ, ǸͷҪˣԺǳͷĻ᲻
Ȼ뵽֮ǰ֣˺˵ƽעһĶʲôȥҪŵϢ, Ҳȷ֣˻᲻Ȥ, ֣˶Ȥ, ҲܽȥĻ, һ֣˵ĹϵȻ֣֮ǰ˵ԺлԼĻ, ú²֣ܶ
, ֪, һֱ, лˣҾ͸㰲һְλģֻҪ׸, Ժ϶㡣֣˵
κڵ鷿У֣κ׸¹ٸոյ֪Ҫţ⻰׿˵ģʵˡ
壿κ׸Ȼʲô
ƵȥǼʱܾ߾͸֪ǰˣæŰ⵹θˣ̨ûʱȥԸƣʰѧͦ򵥵ġ˵Ȣ˷ԺҪ˵վڻʺǱɲţǰԸҲǸԼȽһŵʱǿ԰ѷҲһߣҲʡ˷ȥиŮҲˡ
ȥһ£ŵʱ˸κ׸
¹֪ˣ϶׵ġָ֣ƽ˵ҩ
ˣƽΪԺѧʿϢȻûһͨǱߣȻûгѹһͷ˵Ϊ֮ǰԵʱ򣬰ƽΪ٣˽飬ϧ֮ġ
ţ֪ˣȥɡκ׸ɫδ䣬ֻ֣Ȼȥˡ
ֻ֣ò˵£뿪ˡ
׸֮ǰһֱƫ򰲿ƽ⻰϶òһߣƽù͸ˡ
¸ºˣκ棨mian֪ݡ
϶ڱˣ˾Ųʮκġθߵ˵ȻҲпˣֻκ޵
ԭǰ˴кģ˸ѧֵһĵط֪أû뵽Ȼֵȥˡ
֪ȻǱ֪عְģֱݣ֪ݻҲ൱֪ˣһȷǲؼ֮ڣʱк֣Ȼ˶ط̫˽⣬Ϊ·Ҿסһʱθ˵ˡ
͸ϱߣһƫƧ֮ض磬˵֮ˡѧΪ˿϶ǵһˣȻܱ䵽ط˵û˲š
ݹԱѳʽǹˣˣҲû취ıˡĻҲǺƣϸѧŸ֪ݣһʹϿǷʱҲģʵǿ϶֪Ǹʲôġ
ȻѾˣθֻܳѧûȥ֮ǰǱߵȸ˵һ˵ý̵ĶȽˣҲȥεʱٵѡ
ÿ綼ʦߴϲŻȥʦŵġΡ⼸Ҳ֪ԼεǸʲôˣִƵϱ棬Ҳ˼ʱİ취һлҪȵǱ߿ʵ֪ô
֪ҪŵˣֻǲܺһȥεģԾߵʼǷĲ¡ʱһֱûк˵飬Ѿˣȥˡ
ƽȥǲܺһȥˡ
Ϊʲôȴã֮ǰôġȥʱƱشʱڹϣ϶ͻʱ㡣
Ǳߺ;ĻҲͬӱ˱ͽЩˮߵǱҲûһųǿ軰ϤСӣƽ϶ᷳƵġԵھߣƽﻹżȥ￴ҲڣҲܷĵ㡣
Щжɻһܸʲô˳ĸǰҲûȷĺܺá
ţҵʱÿдŵġ͵˵
ͷǵʱҲÿţҪúչԼ
ڶգȥ˺ԺǱ߽ͷϵ飬ǽ˹
ΪɵǱ֪ݣȻҲҪ˽һǱߵĴֻȥ֮ŭˡԹٳϵҲ˽һģıôᱻɵǸطȥ϶ڱ󵷹
Ȼѳɶ֣˻̣ôҲҪ
֮Ⱥĸ˵˻ỰžԺþûʣĸ壬˶˲ȥʡ
Ů˻Լ壬ǬȻǸ˵ģʱҲõŵʱͰŮһš
ź󣬷װԹ˵ɵ֪ݣŮҲȥģһȥǱߵŮͲȥˣǱƫԶ಻˵Ϊк֡
Ǭ۵ûоŮȥʲôףϾǹСĳ󣬶϶ӦԲȥҲ
ֻüôὫǸطʱΪ֪ݵʱ򣬻ЩˣΪ¹ԱһŵʱǴ֪ġΪټ֮ǰֵȷ֪Ҳ̫Ҳû˸ģȴû뵽ôط
ʱ룬ѵطģ
ֻҵȣҲû仰ֻǵھߣҸȥˮ˲ֻδŮֻдϵˡ
Ǭ۵ҲûŮֵĻ̾ŮȻʶ壬Ա͸ǹˣǶϲܸĵˣȻȥڡ
ֻʱ뵽Ůųɻ鲻ãҪ룬ҲЩ۵ģȻܰΣֻŮϲһˡ
Ƿ빬֮ʱһѵʹͻȥˡ
飬ǬҲȥ˲飬ȻС
֮û죬һ⿼˵ĹԱ³Сˣһ˱ԱĴڴˣ飬ȴԱߵͨʾֹˡΪԱߵһ֪ǵ˱£ʱ飬Լȥˡ


105    Ҫ
, Ҫ㽲ЩȤĶûأЩʵ
û£ȥǱ߰͸ͷд, ʱ㽲Щ
ȥ꿪ʼ, һֱڿΣһʼǡ, ǺΪĲ, ʦҪ, ͸ֶԼġǡĲݡʦ֮˼ڿ, ȻŶ׷, ֮ڿεʱͱֶ˲١
Դɻӹϵͱ׽ˡڿ֮, żͨһЩ򵥵СʵӴһڵĻѧ﷽֪ʶ
ЩʵеС֪ʶڶĹŴ˵ν, ֪֮󣬶ȥЩСʵ顣
ÿθ֮, Ӷ۰Ͱ͵صЩ, , ȻҲľܾ, ֮ÿڿӽСʵ顣ǿʼ, ֶһ, Ǿÿǰ´ε׸øӽʲôˡ
Ҳ, Ϊܳһִ˲ˡ
ǽɲҪˡ˵
֤Ӳȥ
ٹգ͸ó, ѾзʰĲˡܹװֹװġ
Ҫߵʱŷ֣ԭֻһˣѡţҲˣŵ㸻ĵط֪ء
Ϊǰһֵ·Ǵһģͺϼһ߰ɣ˰ٷֿ·ϻиһһġ
ε״Ԫ۶ѡţͶʲôϣˣȹԱŷ֣ԼȻˣϲѡͬʱҲеƣô״Ԫа۶أ
Щ޹أ̤֮·
·Ϲʮʱͺ;ֵˣΪǽ·;һ
Խǿĵؽ磬巢Ǳߵ·Խе·ǰѾֻôѰ·
·˽һ£ڵ̾ǰ߹·εģСƣߵ·ֱ꣬Ҫȥ˰·һйͽߵͷڻǵˡ
ʱϣҲû̫ĺ䶯ûжע⣬Ѿ˽Ҳš
ԺṩԱסĵطֻǱȽϼªɬ֪εʱҲûжйɣЩط©硣
ûüȥðլԺʱֻסˡʵȥסջģΣȥźãҲǸߵĹˡ
廹кһֱæҹſʰһסĵط
˵ڶй۲ſڰڷһʯʨӦǲˣ涼ЩʴĺۼˡԻһԩģֻǿǺۼҲЩ¾ɣ滹һ㸡ңǺܾûʹùˡ
Ҳһһȥˡܽһ֣
忴ûã֪ͬͨлеˣƫȥ
֮ҲûٵʲôʰʰȥȼˣԺҪǹµģϣЩ˲Ҫ̫ǡ
嵽ƫʱƫѾˣ˶ˡɨ˼ۣµλˡ
ʱЩҲڹ۲λ֪ݴˣֻǿȴɵֹ
֪ôᣬһëͷСأôɵ֪أѵǼб𣿲תһ룬Ҫбôᵽ֪أߵ˵Ϻã֮ǰ֪ݣÿȿ˹֮ͻ𼱻ǵˣ
ǻǲ̫Ҷ϶λ֪ݵΪǼбʲôģ;֪ݵģ϶Ĺ֮ϾΪ֪ݣȻʵϲǸòʹ֪ô˵ҲǸƷٰ⻹ֱݣ֪ݵƷǺ֪ͬġ
ʱȻﲢ̫֪ݷǱϻû˳ͷȥ
ˣ¹ٸһɣ¹ߵ֪֪ͬͬվ˵
Ҳδ˵ģֻȰ븳˰йص˱ҿĵҿ˵ɡ
⻰˵꣬վЩˣһ죬ɷɣ˱ﰡ¹ȴ߳ȥ䣬ϤϤ˱ԺٿҲѽ
⵹ˣڶԳȥûʲôȤȿ˱ɣ鷳λȥ˱ùˡ
Щɫδ䣬ҲûиɹʲôֻЩ˵ɫȴѿˣ˱棬ȻЩֽŵģֻ֪ݴˣһҪ˱ģȻб˼ġ
ȻǶֽŲ̫ԣҲûĸ֪ݴ˷֣ǲһһλ֪ݴһҪ˱ȷǰǾˡ
ٵŶԲߣʲôʱλ֪ݴȥ


106    忴Ĭ
忴ĬĹԱ˱ѵòһ֪ߵʱ, ǰ˱ߵ˱أܹ鲻ܺ˵δðһȥһ֪ˡ
Ȿ֪ݺ֪֮εʱҪ˱Ӻõģ˹˻˽ˡ˽, ǸԺй, ȻԼȥ飬ҪĿ, ˽һߵĴ
⹫˽ӣȻҪܽ, ֻ֪Ѿһ, ȻͲܺǰ֪ݵ潻ˡΪƽȱ֪, ܼת, ֱڲȱ
˵⻰ҲЩ, ȥѯǰ֪ݣԲϣ϶ᾪ, ʱ飬, Щ˿ɾˡ
ڽ˱ȥ˵ᱻǶֽ, ǲȥ, Ǿʵй, ûа취, ֻܲһˡ
Ⱥ, ߳˵˵Ц, ȵȣ¹Ͼȥ˱
˱ȥʱвٶð亹, ľս˽ӣǿɶǷֵˣǱһܲʱ򣬶ε֪ǧҪʲô
ӹǼ˱طţ˶סҴ
ֽŵʮСģֻɨһ飬Ϳ˶ߣϾ֮ǰ˱ɲǰ׿ġ
֮⵹Ǳԭб̰īȥǮҪٲ٣תһ룬Ų̰٣ṵ̂˱ϵĸ˰ѾйüǷǲ㽻ϵˣǾҪ̰Ҳûӣ̰ȥ˰ٳٽϣǶóԹ䡣
ֻʱŭ˱ˤϣ֮ͿһڹԱ˺һۺָæͷʱҲŸоˣ֪ݴȻᣬȴǸǵġ
žһᣬ˵ЩջĿԲϵҾͲ˵ˣؼǻǲ̫ˣٿģǶǮˣǲǶҪȵĹĸ˰ˣǴûܴﵽزġ
ָľ˰֮󣬽ϽۻȻʱģһ£ҲÿһǮǶǮģĵĲȻҪˡǮУȥǱеĶǮĿǱ̰ȥˡ
˱ϵȻֹЩսʱáܼİ취̰Ҳ١
ȻΪٵԭ̰һЩЩҲСĿëϣЩɶǴӰѹեġ
Լȥ飿ԼȻᴦãǵ˲Ҿͱϱˣ飬ǾҪλԼˡ
廰䣬˶סѹˣ¹֪
Ѿˣ½мҲˣֻ֪ݴܶǴᴦá
ˣҪһȵġ
ԥһ£ûþȵˣ֪ͬҲڡмΪŽҵģոûˣҲ˳
֪ͬû뵽Ȼ˸ҰʱӲˣ¹ԩ˲ҪʳңЩ飬ûв롣
Ȼ籾ȥ֪ͬסһ飬ֱӰѴϱΣƵ
֪ͬҧ¹ٵиÿһλǴʷΪ谮ңԺ϶ҪؾģͶ·ǲҪĺáǴ˶Դ²׷¹ԸΪʷǣߡ
üλʷ谮һǳޣӦ˹þͰŪȥҸʲڿɲˡ
곣֪ͬĻЦˣһýѹ˲̫ãⳣ֪ͬӣҲ̲ѹһѹ
ЦŵٵʦǵθҳΨһĹӳƱΪ㿴⹻ʸģ
ЩҲܴҲ˵һǡ
֪֪ͬ꣬ԼӲˣæµˣ¹Ҳ֪ˣ¹Ը⽫ЩӶó˿Դᷢ䡣
ʱҲϽ¹ҲԸӶ
ҲǴﵽĿˣЩ̰۵ĳĺȫ죬ȻŽֹ顣̰۵ķӾɫģڹٳҲղ飬㱨ȥˣҪҲûʱ䣬пҲ£Ϊ̻
죬⵱ȻҲǲܣҪʩѹ˾Ҫ̻ҲĿŵҲҪ̶ֻһԼһӣԡ
²ϱǽҲΪոһЩ̰īӣƽ̯ÿͷϣԶԶﲻı׼ǳְѡ̰֮£ȥսǶʱ䴦ΪϿ֮⣬ԽԽɣеＫط˼
ȻҲ׷ȥˣմʱҾ߹ҴˡȻҷ˴ܹԴġְȽҴΰɣԺǽˣȻôҡٸԭְ
Ϊ֪ݣҪǳְҪϽġȻֱӳǵְҲͳְûʲôͬˣаǼܿˡ
Щ꣬ȻǲҲӦֻܳǡ
ʹӼ׵ĵûµĹУ˼仰˼ҴЩ˵ְ
еȻܾȻûְҲְˣȻǸ˵ġ
Ϊոտʼʱ򣬳һеĸҲϵ˭ͨСתͷһֱĬĸͨеͨԺҪһЩˣ֪ͬȽˡ
ͨе¹֪ˣԸΪЧ֪͡Ǹܸɴµģֻǲ֪ʲôزأԸԺʵﰵ뵽
˵˵ЩӣҲʮ岻̾һСС긳˰Ҫϵ£Щ˶̶̼̰ô࣬ĸ֮أ̰īӸǲ֪ж١
Ҳ֪ˮ㣬̰ī֮£̷Ͽᣬ᳹ʧٳ֮γǱ
֮أϣֹܽپͽֹ١
˴Ű£Ҳߵˣ˵Ҫãò治һ׵顣
֮ǰչӣ˶̧˿ⷿˣѾ˴㣬һӣóȥ޽Ӥˡ
߸ӤãΣ࣬©Ǳߵǲ硣ĺӣһݵƤǣϵ·ҲòΪӤñͲĺҲ࣬ĺӣһͳ˶
˵Ϊ֣ѵ˼ҸһСĿԼҪ𣬸˰ҲϽ£㱻ĺȻҲԽԽࡣ
޽Ӥ飬簲ġ
ڳ֪ͬЩǵְȻʱˣҲţϾǶ̰۹ӵģҲ֣ȥ
ֱӾͰǸŵװ׵ģÿ˸һӤãȥǹģǾӤõĹҲѾ涨ˣ׼͵ϡҪԼϸ֣µģҲɣȫԼˡ
Ӥýʱ᲻ʱȥලӤýˣҪӤ÷һȽϣ󽨵ģĪ˵ٸԭְĻûˣҪ
ƣӤýúЩҲ۸Ǻ
İźЩֻҧ¡Ҳ֪ⰲţڽʱٲҪԼЩˡ


107 ԩ   Ҫľǵʱԡ
ҪľǵʱԼ, Ҳһȡ֮֮ǡ
İտǱ˸ʾֵ˹ȥԱΧ۵İն𾪵òš
ҪӽӤ, ôأĲǽӣǷ׷˽
Ҳɲǲ, ûӤþѾʼˣйʱ˵, һһṤǮȻǿƹ涨, ֻ, ղŻᰲɻ, Ȼ, ΪǿƵۡ
һһĹǮв˶ȥ, Ӽѣܶ׬һһ㡣֪ݴ˻˵ˣвṤǮٽṤǮ, ȥ١ȻЩϰ±Ҳ̫ȥ, ˴, Ǳ߸˿϶Ҳҿ˿ǹǮ
ȥ˽Ӥ, ĵڶ±Ϊԩɳȥ˽µ˴Ϣ, ʱ, ֵ߳ԩ黹治, Ϊ֮ǰ֪ݱŶһ²һµԭ, ֻҪЩǮƵ͵񣬴һܱܿѹȥ
޴ԩż, ԩĻ˻ҲͲˡ
ڶһ´նˡ𣿴ҪΪˣ
Ĺ֪ҲˣѵҪЩظ忪ǿѹͷߣһ֪ݲǺЩ˼ҴýģԺкܶطҪءߣЩ˼ҿǽɸ˰Ĵ󻧰ûǣ⸳˰ľ͸ˡ
ȻвȰһŲԼĴ㡣
ΪԩԼðһԺ߸ĸʱҲ̫ķҲĻİߡ
ҵʱˣˣ⵱صĸ壬ȻˣͳڸϽ쵶ն飬һˡЩӰ̰˵Ĺ̰Ļࡣ
Щµĸ֪ºҲ׷סˣûյĻ¸̧ӴСС˲ٱˡ
ֻͲȱӣЩȻῴ¶ҪߵķģŰݷõˣȫ֮⣬һŲ
ΪֵûҲ벻ʦүд״ֽ˵⣬Ѹд״ֽ
ⷬЩҲˣŰȥЩ״İգֻû뵽֪ݴ۵𸽽ѲߣֻҪɵˣһŶץߡȥҲҽӽЩա
Ȼ˽ЩǮסһЩȥԩİյ죬ǻһЩ̵ģԸҪ˽¸ĲҲҪȥǱ߸ǡʱڣǾЩЩʲôңҪˣǱҵǡ
һʼʱǽŽɣǿȥˣ֪ݴ˻ӼˣʣµҲʹû죬ǰ˳ӡ
ˣҪǶүǿŮǰȥС檣ΪҲ˴ˣȻȳġ
ˣҪżҰռҼҶʮĶ˲ĸĸ

Щ״İһһÿһ۳ȥ飬˶
⼸ЩҲæˣô˳ŵʱÿ˶෢ӵٺ»һ㶼ۣɵʱʮ㡣
ܽһЩİȥһЩȽͨڰ֮ìܵİİЩйء
α״ĸҪңֱżҡҡ¡ҡңطҲ˵ˣҴѾ֮̾ˡҲΪԽԽ󣬻İԼ˹ٸǵĵͷˣѹյ飬һûٸɡ
㣬⼸˼ЩӰ̰ӣҲиһʮˣЩ³ȥЩȷӣʣµӵѣҲˡ
ǼҸ߹ϵвͨȻѰ·ˡ
ûε֪ݴҲҪǣһɹˣ󻹲ǹԹԵ͵񣬶һֻ۱һֻǼȻô飬Ȼ˵ģǾͲһɵĹԱжӲ
ֻȴǵϣЩǶ֪ʩѹĴȫʾԼСĵ㣬ǲ岻֡
ȥ˲Ӻ󣬲дǣ֪ݵıжӲֻʱѾˣ֤ݶĲˣ֤һ㷭ضûС
⼸ԭżȻ㲻ȰӶתƳȥԺܼǵϵǵ뷨Դӿʼ֤ݵʱ򣬾Ѿס˳ǱߣԳȥ˼ʮϸЩ뷨̥С
׽õʱǻŸ翹ֻʱĲǰ׷ѵģЩļУҪ˼ˣŻҴŴˡ
һ¹ȥˣЩӸﳭӻиֲԭ嶼˻ȥˣʣ˲١ЩʣµӣҲǹ滮ԼȥˣҪȥɵʵ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬰ն֪ݵĸм֮Ҳﵽ˶ˣշ׷׵طһΪүˡӿͷˡҪǴһֱͺˡ
ŸƻЩдżƻֽţѾһˡһѾȷˣҲ˸ɵʱˡ
ɵĹУ漰ʮַ࣬ʱĸţʮģÿһд˲ټƻ
һдһţճ̣ӦٹҲõ˰ɡ


108    Ϊ֪ݣǿӵС
Ϊ֪, ǿӵԼİ׵ģֻҪ˽˾УǹٳĬϵĹء
еĹԱεʱ򶼻Լİ, ֮, ܰŴ󲿷̶ֵ֣ȵĽ󲿷ȨȫԼС
ǵһγ, Ȼûʲôһ˵ġ
ȻûаףԴǱߵЩ˹ѽط, ϶Ҫ߽, ðиӪ, ŽҲø
һ, Ҫȫͷʼһָ, ÷ѲٹԻֱӴǱߵЩоĹЩ飬ҲʡЩ顣
ȻƵʱ, 󣬴Ǳߵˡ
ĳһֱڹǱྭĹ, вѾѧԺҵ, Եʦѧ, ѧŮѧС
ǵʱһүڱĵط, Ҫǹȥæ, ˲ͼ, ׷Ҫȥ, ϾܸүµġǿûԼڶΪ˭һܱһĻᣬȻǲŹ, ˵㵽үҲ϶ǡ
Ϊ̫࣬ɸѡ˺üȷЩһ˶־׷ҪһүҲ˵ˣʱȥ˸ɵĺˣԺǵʢҲǵĹء·;̫ԶҪҼ꣬ǼȻѾҪȥˣȻͲ⡣
ϴҪȥطƹʱе˾ΪҪ缸ˣԭͬ飬ȥԶعķˮȻϲ˵ﻹĽˡÿ궼ѧѧԺǹƹԽԽˣܾȥǼġ
ʱȥ˱ĵط෴ܻĺһ㣬ĵطǲ߼ҡرȽϽļسȥҲԽԽˣٹãƾҳ̶ȾͻˣƱҪȥظԶĵطҵƹ˷ĻƸɸɡ
Ϊʮֻֻʱ˱ɸѡһϵе̣Ȼܿ
忴ˣԶԶԼԤģû뵽ôԸ˶һźãҪɵвء
˽ʮң˼լʱǵġᡱԭҲڵլƽסģΪ̫ªˡ
ֻΪÿն˹㱨ƽøߵĹᡱһְţʱҪնϰʱνǶլҲһ˯ĵط
ֻȰһ£ûдģҪ뷭ҲõŰյ˲ܷȻطõģ޽ðô
طһδģɣʮ˶ʮˣʱɵʱæͼ㡣
øͨаȳʾѰռһ£õʱ漰ĸ˳ᡢ黧ᡢ۲ЩʱҪõĲҲͨͨ˳
ڽ֮ǰԼߵļҸ̴塣֮ǰѾʰȥˣҲ˽ǣʮ궼ˡ
ʣµδĸ̴壬Ҳû̫⣬ǺҲŵùǵġԼЩ̴壬ǺǺ߽
߱ĵطȷһ㣬ȥ֮ǰ˵Ҵ壬ʣ¸̵ıطҲȷһ㡣ǣҹͬʣһ𽨳ʱÿ׬ǮҲͰǵĳʱ䡣
ΪǸŷǿһ˹ĵطÿŵĴļ򵥱׬õӵ֣ɱ˵Ļջ߶ˡ
ĸ̵ȷĶˣǷҲõģȻ֪ĺôǹǰҲ˵ģֻǲޣһֱûܲ
ǼҺͺð ڽͶһҲܳܡ֪ݴҲٲٷգ¿˵һˡ
⼸ǣⷽӵǮǳˣֻÿĴҪɹⷽӾˡ
Ǽһ£ҲͬˣԸӵʮȻͲطȥһɰǹؼǵļҵײεǰڽͶ˵һʲСĸˣһʣҲʵǸ
طȻƵǸǼҵĲࡣЩ꣬ˮַ˺üΣÿĵⶼвղټԽԽܣҲˡЩ궼ڳϱˣĻ̫ļҵ׿Ͷ
Щ̶ˣֲ˶ʮ˹ȥЩǱҲоˣ߰Žܿˡ
⹤һ˲ȥɻʱҲڱ˲١
ߵȹ֮ĶⱾصİտ϶ġ
߰յĶڶûʲôǮ⹺Ȼˡ⹤ĶȻȥ
֮ǰͿ˵ͼطȻˮ֣Ҳˮ·ͷһͱĵط㲻 ļȷǿ˷չġ
ȻͬһʱգƴҲò࣬˵ڵʮƶ񤣬ǰʷչ̣ٹʮ꣬ҲܱˮΪˮ ƾŵչڴ˾٣ǰˡ
ֻǵʱҪȽˮ̽裬飬ӵٻдЩǲСḶ́ʱ÷һš
Ǳ߿ʼҵĽˣߵҲҪʼˡ
ҪΪ˽粻塱롱۲ļ⡣
Ϊ˵ˮӰ죬εòǨʮƵԭĸغܱܿûֻԭİ̲«ػźɳٻΪ֮أȻ󱻿ѳ
£ԭϼصϢʵ粻ԽԽƵ ƱҪٴһ
Ҫɵĸ˰Ȼͬݲͬͣ˰׼ҲһȻҪ˰ЩΪˮֶֺ𣬳Ϊ˻ҲҪɣ͸˰ġ
˿Ĺ ʮΪ̰ɵطϳǧ꣬⻹ֻǴͳƵġΪ˽ʯ˰ŵҲֲÿĸ˰ղ
߰ո۷䲻ʮأֲԹҲ˲١ֻоɣΪܾ丳˰
Щ ¿ѵĻĵҲв٣ΪûнɣЩǷѾѱûеǼϣвٶûаձӦýȡ˰ϽǮЩҲÿ긳˰ղһܴԭ
ôЩߵİΪˮطҲв٣ԭص˷ؾ׵Ҳ٣ڽɣҲһȷȨ֮ȷˡ
֮ܶ ڱС


109 ɽ   ɵʱһ
ɵʱһ㶼Ҫʵ, ȻСҲżشֻĹЩصѧ͹һֻԼ, һҲæꡣ
ʱ, ҪȺڵˡǾøֻΪ˷ֹ֮ʱ, ˽ף, 涨ǩ, ءͬʱ, ˾ٱ, һල
ʱ, Ҫ֮⣬Ҫ֣֡֡Щ˵ķֹǲͬ, ÿ绹ҪѡЩֶ֡ѡֻȴѰ, ˴ʶ, Ҫÿ綼ҳһͨҲʵ˵㡣
ͳһ¸, ѡһֵĻ, ֻðɵҲȥ, , ôҲǿƾٵ, Ȼ˵ͨӦʱֵļ⣬ӦġֻЩ˻ǲ, ֻðЩѧҲȥˣ֮ǰѧԺﶼѧġ
ɵʱ򣬻ҪٵĹߣȥڼֽţҪĶʱҪõĹߡڡˣڵʽ׼͢Ҳ˹̶ı׼ҹڵҪõҲһʲС֧
ܳ˾ǸһԼϵȸ֮أطйɵʵڲࡣҲΪɷʱǮǳģطΪõ֣û㹻Ĳ֧Ŵģɡÿطɻڹٸӵгľѵǰ²ܿչġ
Ϊй涨ɻУ۰գԱЩֵ֡ĻʳҪɹٸ̯ɵģǾ㹻ҲҪǷǮģƽж֮ʱƥϣЩðճǮٸԼ֧˵ֽšڣЩҪٸǮ
طڵ֮ǰ˰Ҫղ룬Ƿýĸ˰ҲһҲټ£ľȥɡ
߿ʼɣЩѶԼģȻֻ֮ǰӤʣµӻдӸﳭӣ꣬ƾͲʣ¶ˡ룬ɴˡ
Ҳйģȥ֪سţΪɻľȫһ˾ҲЧˡ
ȻҪԼˣһһ˵ûʲô֮ǰػлݸͶȥҲмʮˣͶӣǱߵ嶼ࡣ
һ£ʹǶڵʮֱҪ֮ʱֵķԵȻ١ҲΪɵʱ漰˲˵档
֮УٵĵײھֵĹУΪб˽ңΪȡ¸죬ɹ¼һУȻͻᱩ¶ǿ϶ᱻʹ
ؽ磬Ȼ֣طһǿ沢صɲ٣ɵʱƱҲᴥǵ棬ǶҲȻǱŷԵ̬ȡ
ڵ֮ͨУⷴԵҲǴڵġô˵벻֡ЩԭﱻٻǾ粻壬ÿ긳˰ԭĶȶཻİգȻŹٸֹͨġ
ǹؼҲвǻģеԭ֮ռضδǼǣҲе¿˾ɳٻȻ󽥽γ˸֮صΪȵߣȻǲͬһ¡
ô˵ɶؽһڰնԣԶڱ׵ġЩԵûдΪ˷ֹɵĹУֶַı¼廹רÿȥѲߡ
һʱηж׵˻١еΪɵʱż˿ųͷزģеǰҹ͵͵Ѿõؽ籮ŲλģֻΪɵԱܻ¸ģЩȫûͨͨȥη׼졣
Щ֮ǰ沢أǼ˽ĵǿȻһʼҲǷԵģ֮һǼ̬ȣͲҼˡǿɻǵ֮ǰ֪ΰҸʰģҾǰ֮Ҫڹ۷£ⲻǸպø֪ݴ˽ʰ
ɣȻﲻԸ⣬ǲҲϵģ󱻲ܳʹİѼȥ֮ǰǼ沢Уûδ˰ҲʵʵĲˡ
ǵıʮ⣬ǰ֮ǰ˰ҲˣҲûȥǵ鷳ƽˡ
Щ۲Ҳˣھɣһ꣬ЩĶ۲ģڻҲƽˡȡ˰Ǯʱ򣬱϶Ҫײٵģ¹ٹƣӦòǷˡͨЦŵ
ʱ䣬Ϊͨͬʱԭְ֪ͬĸÿҲæýŲմأʱ֮ǰеʱȴǳʵ١֪ݸ˲飬ۼһһ±仯
ԭΪ䣬֪ݵɣǳŷˣʱ䣬飬Щ֤֪ݵˡ
ɵķãλ֪ġΪôˣ˾б˽ҡܻ¸Ҳˣͼֲˣⲻ̰ԼǮģͷһμԤУǸ֪ݵĲѾͣڶ;˵һߡô˵ֵ֪׷ġ
巭ЩӣҲһһڽˡ֮ǰھǵʱҲʦⷽһЩģִʱΪͥѬգЩҲһжȣǲô˵ҲֵһģĻҲⲻΪһġԲˣʱŬҲûа׷ѡ
ʱ䣬ҲÿոŹһܣÿⶼôϲŻ𣬷紵ɹģټѾļ̫ҲԽԽˣûбɫҲЩҪɹڵˣŻ˶ٿ࣬ÿϻȥøҹ
⻹ÿ˶󣬲ȻھֺˡȻԼ̫⣬Ҳģһ߿žǱ߷Ĺţһ룬ҪǼģ᲻أŮǰεģҪעһ±ԼģȻټصǣϱͲˡ
ڽβ׶ΣǱҪÿն˲ٳȥĴ
˼죬ָֻǰģȻҪǰײԺ칫ȥʱǾ͸в︺ˡ
һѾˣǱߣսȣһҲܽĲˣ濪ʼˣ߾һ룬ʱߵˮҲܿʼ޽ˡ
ҲæһʱˣϢһʱٽһˡʱԺʱڽͷβ򵥵֪ʶռɡ


110 ͷβ󽲿   ˵أλ
˵, λ֮ء崩Խ֮ǰ֪ʷУһֱһ仰죬㡱ʱ, ԳƵµ֡
ⶼΪ, ȳ㣬ƽ̹, Ϊˮˮ͸, ߵʮַ, , ߵˮﶼ÷ǳá
ҲǷ, ߵĵ˵ߵİƾũҵֲ, õȷ
ֵһģʽǵ˻÷ǳ͡ںĵճũҵֲ, ҵֹҵ˻, Ҳ˽ǡĵ, ֮صİΪũҵֲı, ļҵմ֡˵Ҳ˵ġ
Ǳط, Ǽ䲻á
ǱطһԪ, ֮ûΪ겻ˮֺԶðÿճɴ, һ, ﻹǰʢأ֮ǰط۽ϵĴڡ
Ҫָǰʢˮǿ϶ҪģȻһˮ, ߾͵ûһΡһʱ϶Ҳ겻飬ʱ䣬˵ͷβ⽲ҲǺܽӵܵ˵ͨ⽲İնһЩıܣܽũҵֲһ档
İձ֮ǰصĻҪض࣬ȹ֮ǵĹҲߵȥΪûǮһʵֲ˻ҵͨľþ̲ҪıðǮ
Ӥú͹ڽУӶȥİҲ٣Ϊй涨Ҳҿ˿۰յĹǮӤú͹ˣÿӦö׬ӡ
ߣ֮󣬻Ҫһȥһвӵһ׬ǮԴ
ֻЩվĿǰǱṩĸλվģʣµգͺбҪҲѧһıա
ʲôգֻҪð׬ǮǺա뵽ıǴģҲӰ죬ʳһˮһͼֻҪ˷עһ㣬ĹҲȾ
ֻҪҲһ׵£ż򵥵ѣͱҪмָˡȻԼҶڰ˵ҪˣʧҲǷǳġ
ʮмһôˣ϶˲ٵľ顣
ȻȰѧˣԹٸ幺һðÿҶͷҲҪӣҪֻҪȰ֮󽻸ٸһӾСڰ˵ޱҲõԼỨ˴ˮƯ
廹뵽еֱ˸ʾݾǣһ֮ιιιǻٸ߱ȥͷΣֻͨҪȥԼľ鴫ڳȥÿÿԻʮǮõģ̻ģԻʮӵĽ
ʾһҶˣΪÿʮĵǮ౾ԼĶµ˶Լľ飬֮ܵõǮʲôȥأ
ùȥɸѡӱʵϵⱨ˻Ļ治٣лιιιģƾž飬˲һ֪ôˣеĻֲ˵ģ֪ʲôʱµʱʣ˳ô㣬еżҴյģֽȾĵȣҲ׬ʲôǮ͸ɴҲܵﱨ̳ȥˡ
ȥЩ廹£һΪЩȻһ֮ǻģҪʱѧϰѧĶʺȥͷաǾͰǵϢרͳᣬɳɡ˲šÿҲ˶ӣֻԺٸٵʱҪΪٸ£ȻǮҲǻġ
Ѿ뵽˵ʱҪǸʲôˣЩԺҲŴôġ
ȥͷβ˼ª̨ӣЩȥڿΡЩļ̣ȥʱ򣬽е£ǽЩԼƽӴĶҲʲôģҪΪÿ켸ʮĵǮҲ˼
ãΪվŵвٶƽʱʶģŽҲԽԽ˳ˣҿһƬרŵˣûٽһʱǲŷԼƽϰΪĶԭôرԾͽĸˡ
ͷβ˲̨ӣȥ˽ҲͬĶǶЩܻһʱѧģɲǿġ
ΪЩտ϶ȫ춼û¸ȥǻҪأר˸ʲôʱὲʲôÿߺȡͬĶ廹˸©һҲ£ҲʱȥڶΡ
ҲΪ˲հ̫ʱ䣬ѴġڿΡ˰֮ʱ򣬾ǳȥɻҲʱСʳһˡ
ԴӽͷβʼˣÿΧ̨İնв٣ûչ˭ûѧһ֣ԺҲܶԷգЩǰû˽̣ڿɲóûϽѧ
ЩѧһҲɳȥˣľͼ򵥵֡ȥȻûЩյĵط࣬ҲһЩΪвѧһ㣬Ժ˵ȥƻ˷
ǻһѧûɵģͰȥ¼ÿ潲ε˽Ķܽ¼ԺܼɲᣬרŪɸȫȽͷβⳡڿεĻԺǻвģֵ
߻úҵģҶץʱѧţÿճżȥѲһǴ͸ͨˮЩ顣
ʣµӿ֧ǰڵ޽̣ҵǸʱ򣬹ǱҲὨĲˣʱȥˣҲõһɰʱˮ̺޽ʱҪҲˡȻõӻǲãϾȷǸƴḶ́ʹԼˣˮǷǽеġ
ˮˣ淢ˮֵֺʱ򣬲ٻûׯڣӰˮ䡣λںģˮ׷չģȹ֮ЩҲҪˮ·ġڲˮãһϵ鶼裬ŶڱС
ʹʱҲһ¡ϢͨϢܿʹϡ֪ȥ󣬲òֽкã̫ˣκ׸ʳ
ΪǰЩʱգǬҹ˯߲ѣҹѣǱסˡǬ˵ŷҲⷽһ
κ֪󣬱ºκ׸˵ˣӹ˸ʦʦ֮󣬾͸ʵչʾ˼ұ֤Լʵ
ͻˡ


111 ƭ   黹Ҫһʱǰ˵
黹Ҫһʱǰ˵
Ȼȥ, ȥ֮ǰӦдŻȻŶǸģÿһ⣬ҲЩƽ, ÿĳȥҲͷĸ鲻, ȻأǸȴǱȸճɻʱҪϲ١
Ȼû, ֻż²յšûԼ֮ǰ˵Ļÿдӵ, ˲ȤĻѧʵ֪ʶͲ
дµЩ, ϸѡ, ʱ, ҲǿԺҵȥʵģɲԷǳǿ
һε˸üŵʱ, Ȼ˹Ŵ཭ƭӣлʵЩ֮װŪİϷЩνġʦ, ʵƭӷΪϱǵĻ, ֮, ȥʵ, 
Ȼ֪δ, Ҳǻ, пǸִµˡͨڶЩﻯ֪ʶ, ҲǴԴͷδ֮, ƭƭĿˣҲδѰɡ
ǴдŵʱдһЩƭֵһЩϷ, 硰ըˮըֽѪӡľȼղϡȣ뵽Ķдˣϸԭ
дµЩѾȫˣƭδдֶΣǵʹֶеһ֣Ҳ֪ʹõֶҲǼٵġ
룬ΪˣֻҪѧЩ֪ʶպ϶ͲᱻЩϷƭǳΪ֮ǷΪֻҪЩڰպͰٹ˵һ¡
ڻʵۣڻ֮ϣִµˣȻڻûйŹ֮˵򣬵ѱٹЩ꣬ʹˣЩ֮˼޻̸֮ϸʷʵ۶ԽЩԽţƭĿҲ͸
ݣܲϻʵǰ˵ЩԵĻϲ⣬ҲֻܰЩ̸ӣһûʵԼӶ﷢Щȥ˵ЧҪá
λǴɡ
ʱյĹʱһ򿪿˵Щ˵ǼסˣǰɴûЩ¾Ȼ٣ǰ˾ηȻͨЩԭġ
ҲȲˣžϽȥһ浽Ǽ١ȻÿμĹдЩСʵ鶼ģ˵ģεĵ׻е㽫Žɡ
Ϊдеʵ鿴ȷΣˣ̷ڶߵ̫ȻõȥһԡᰲҲȻ֪ģҲûǿǾһָ̫׼ʵһ
ΪΣգᰲС̫ȴӼ򵥵ĿʼһŪֽѪӡʵˡʱǬˡ
Ǭ۴ӳ֪ӽֵòҲ棬Ȼ뵽ԼѾһʱûȥˣǾһʱֱӴȥԼСȥʱ򣬶²شС̫ʵ顣
ʡᰲһʺȻˣĶϽȥ
Ǭۿ˿ڷŵĶЩɻڸʲô
ϰڷŵһֽֽˣԱ߻һˮһľǬۿȻЩɻˣ֪СӰŪЩʲôֽҲȻ˵ĵط룬ȻҪӻܴŵţֱŪЩҪǴˣȻʲôģҲִ
һ𣬱ˣҲ˾˸ԼҪһֽѪӡʵ顣
ǬǽŽɵģӼʲţ͵ʣǺܼ򵥵ģ
˵ӱʾԱߵ̫࣬ȥոոȥˡ
ʱֻǸС̫ľˮպ˵ˮǸֽֽ˿ȥʱֽϱͻȻʾ˰߰Ѫӡ
ʵȻǱ˾𾪵ˣʣǺιʣ
ᰲʶȤϽʽֽýˮȾģˮʵǼˮֻҪˮŪֽϣֽϾͻʾѪӡ
ϻһŻֽӰõǰҲһ԰ˮ֮һ㡣
ǬʱǵȷȤǾͰն˵Ū˵ˮȥʱ͸ֳһѪӡֽȻҲˮ֮ǰýˮˡ
Сľȼղϡ˾棬ſɡ
Ǭ۱ҲˣڵͶһС̫ǰʣµЩʵ鶼ˡЩʵ鶼ûʲôɿԣһԳɹˣҲû̫ʱ䡣
ԭЩǽƭӹʹڿˣԺֻҲøɻȥĵǶ࣬ǶѧʣЩӰ˵Ҳϲ١ǬЦ˵
Ǭ۵ûв¼ɹ˼Ҳǵײ¼˵ĻʵۡʱǵȷЩͦȤģȻӴӱѧţҲʱԪ
ֻʱǬۻٲҪ˵϶Ӽ䣺ЩȻȤǵ׻ҪԹΪأ򲻿ɰ˼ԵЩ漼֮ϡ
ǣʣǡ
ӱڹϾͱֵĲǬҲֻѵ뼸䣬δٶ˵ʲô
Ȼ֮һʱ䣬ǬΪҹ˯ټϺƱסˣ״ͱòС˼ء
κϢ͸¶κ׸󣬴ӹ˸˵Ĵʦ
ʦڹĸȦ˵ȷǺģٹ˷ΪϱĪֶʮ־η
κ׸Ź֮£ʦνץֶҲ֮ԱǣǼǴʦչʾ˼ԼֶκҲ˼֡
óһƽǴʦǰҵ˵ֻҪñĻԺĽ鱦ٻ󣬽ֿɵá
ʦһƽͶҡˣǮģʱʹ֪Լܻ᷸۾֮Ҳ˲ˣڽô꣬Щ֮ءڻûʧʱ򣬶Ǹ۾֮Ҳˡ
ʵ۵޹УһǬԴ粽ţڻʺ͹Ҳ˹ˣֻ֮ˣδ׼ڡ
£ڿλ|ʦϾܰҵĶκ׸
Ϊκ׸ģҲ˴
κ׸ִ|ʦ䣬˵׽Ǵûʧֹǰκ׸˵|ʦȷЩС
Ǭ۵ͷʾǴʦǰ
Ǭʱգҹҹ˯ãƣȻҲͬκ׸ӹʦ
Ǹ|ʦڵĴһ£ˣټ˶ͰѶ׽סб
˵|ʦͿʼдʣȻľڴ֮лӶľ˲ʱƾ˻ˣΧҲˣʦ汾µġ
ֻǰȥһЩСʵǬȴˣ˲ϬδͣƭӼǻš
ԽǬԽǱŭֻһֱûֳ
|ʦֽϻӽֽԳѪ֮һͣ
|ʦѾҳˣֻԺѱġ˸ոָһ㣬Ѿֵ֪ˡ˵⣬ڹԺ󻹻ű¡
ŶģǬʵ
˾ڻʹϷ򣬰շλžˡ|ʦָԶһ
ǹסıǶᰲ
ʱǬ᲻֪һŶᰲıֻ²֪κ׸˶ˡ
Ȼ˸ҷ۾֮ˣƭѹΣձնʾڡ|ʦͱס˫֣ѹȥ
˾ˣ|ʦѹץסˣ·˵۾ء
ǬҲûнֻͣϴκԼһȥӵеС̫࣬Ը˼䣬ȻûһͼС̫ཫǡʾͨ󲿷һ飬Եʮס
ʱҲȻʲô׷ײҳ
κ׸ɻлҪ˵
κ׸ﰵ۸⣬Ȼµ£Ǵڹ˴|ʦǸʵģŸҰĲ֪ƭѽ
Ĳ֪ƭӵĻκ⣿Ǭһŭݵ
£˵ǧȷѽѽκ׸ͷص
£ҲһƬѽƭӵĵƭӣôƭءκ
Ǭɫ棬ڹȷСκ׸˵⻰ȻܶרеֱӶڳûá
ˣ°ɡ
κ׸һֻⲻãڳϣȴͻȻΪղѺȥ߹أȻȥοһ±߹صı
궼ָһСĹȥģֻǽȴȥˡһȥĸ£ϵĶߵʱ϶䡣κ׸̾һ»ǶˣʵڳͷʱҲòӡ
ʱκǬҲкܾûȥˣһʱ䡣
θڴȻϲüңҲ֮κ׸ûãԭЩҪ·ĴθһɣܿռϷ磬˲κ׸һɵˡ
Ȼյ˹µţû뵽Ϲèײӣ֮ǰдµǼʵ飬Ȼĸպûײˡ
˵˻ʵ۵֢״һ㶣ִǺ֢ܳ״
ʵǬҹᾪѣȻоסˣΪԽԽ󣬾ҲȻЩģ¹˥ˣϵѹˡ
ʱҪľҪģ˶һЩ˯ǰЩۻţ̵ȣȻʳܿܺˡ
գдż˻ȥЩ˷
֮󣬱ĸʵʣŮΪ̫ˡŮӹӣ˵Ǹ͵öϢƽҲҪ˯ǰȵˮ̫֮ҽʳϵ˵þܺˡȻһֱţŮҲġ
Ǭ۲ûаӵ£ŮһƬТģǰˣҲʲô£Ҫʲôҩִ£Ů˵Ҳûʲô
˲һ£Ǭ۷Լҹ˯ĺˣҲپˣʱŮ֮ǰҲˣӹЩҲ˲ٹ򡣡
ЩŮģֻҪʺ˾С
Ǭֺ֮ʹ˷һ˽ﲦ˲ٶȻ뵽ںŮѾþòʱ˲֮⣬뵽˺͸٣ؾǣɲŮؿշ
ǱߣʱѾˣйŮҲˣʼˡ
֪ݴˣµһɰС˸ˡϰ칤ļһ˹µ͵
忴ƱˮڿԿʼˣ⼸˳ȥΧ̽һ˲ٵͼ޽Ҳ֪жˣĻܣͿԿʼ޽ˡ


112 ˮ̿ʼ   ܳй涨ģ
ܳй涨, ÿ궼ҪۣȻЩйģȫҶ, ֮, ۾һǿƵ޳ͶΪձҪȥȻǮĿͨǮƻǹӶ˵ķʽӱ, ҲղΪˡ
۷ݱۺۣڴ޽ˮ, ڰҪ۵ķ֮, ҪȫٰաշǲҪǮ, Ϊ൱˰һ֡ҲʱƵ, ðһֱɡһԣÿ˵ʱҲһҡ
Ĺ֮, ͿʼȥĴʾͬʱøٰˣӡðնԷϰΪ, û̫ӣ೤ʱ䡣
ͨ, һӶξͽȥ, ǰ֮ǰֹ, ٹƴԼһ¿ԽǱߺӵͨϡָϵĵͼʱһ˵
Ҫһ, Լʮұɡͨлص
ǿ̫, ˷̺ʱ־, ǰǿ, տܳԲ͵
ãǾ֪ݴɡͨеͷ
һӶνһָŵͼһһ
¹
˴޽ˮ, ˮͨǲϷйˮصľԼطϣϵۣȷˡ޵Χӵբţ綦㣬ȱһɡܷȻ֮⣬ԸʩɣͿԽ顢šˮ֮ìܣһԱ֤δʮ֮ڣ˵ػԲˮ֮š
Ҫľ迣ӵˮڳɳѻӵˮز㣬£һļˮƱ֮ʱˮӺӵûΧ򡣶Ϊѻ̧˺ӵֻеʱҲѣˮ֮ʱòԶ·ܱܿ
ֻǹŴûִôĻеʹãٺӵֻȫ˹ѶϵܴΪ˼һЩռеִеһЩͼȻϴεǼڲЩóѴԭһ£ùĥ
˼ִĲеֻЩӣܹҲҪģֻʡһЩûÿκӵҲǷȥ׶ѣҲȷǼ迣ӵʱĲѡ
Ϊ迣ӵ̸ȷ۵ĺܣڰշۣǮǾڻʳϸֲһÿṩͣһ⣬˵󲿷ֵİƽԵĶҪõöࡣ£͵͵һؼңֱӸģֻҪأһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ǳ߽˹˲ٵˣŮȻǲҪۣйҪ۵ģǲۣҪһӻʳҲСЩȻ֪ڹģԶǺԥؽһӡ
ЩҲֱڸЩ۵İոƻʳΪ۵ˣȥ۵ȻҪһ㣬ȥ۵˽ϵӸҸƻʳҲûë¡Ҿ㲻ƻʳӶ޽ˮ˵ҲֻǾţһë˵绨ڻʳϣҲðոɵһ㡣
Ϊʳԭ򣬺汾Ѿһ۵İգд󲿷޳һ֡ҲΪڲũæҲûʲôƣڼÿնҪԺȣûİ˵Ҳһʸ˵ȥŷۣȻ˵㣬ÿճԵ൱ĺãԸʡȥٿһ ֵ迣ӵڽһº󣬻ˣ⻹ÿͶǿȵ֮¡ƻӵȡǸġȡֱ֮ӵɳٻ֮д˾֮Ҫ޽̶̣̲ 
ߵĺӶΣ˵޽̵ʱ򣬻Ҫ޽ֺܼˮ֮ʱδв
ΪļļдʱʱӵƽȻЩطдѣʱ򣬻ǰȫģ߽ĹĶͨˮ·⡰ڡȻ½·Ҳ̳ȥ
ܳȻвٵطѾ˹ģܵ˵ûнĵطӶࡣ֮ǰѰĸطʲô˽˹¼ڲˡ߽ʱѾˣΪΧĶأû޽ģӶذ޽Ҳࡣ
Ե߹޽֮Ȼڰյľʵޣ̫ȫͨӯǿǵЩûʲô£϶ǲóȻġ
һÿ¹Ǳ߶һɰ͹ҲĲ޽ʱѵѹȻʱ͸ÿʼˡ
ȡֱ̱迣ӵĹǴö࣬ڽ겻ˣҵ׵ʱ⹤ҲͣһͣŰչҹꡣһƵõʱܽ
͸ͨǸļ¼ƶϣ굽콵͵ʱкܴĿܻγɺˮԣػ޿ӵͲȡֱҲҪ嵱ʱֱӴ޽̺ʹӵⲽƻʼ
ʱˮķóˣѾõʱˡ
Ȼ֪ˮĴ󲿷ֵĲ趼¿ѭģʵлҪʵĵطؽ֮£ټ尴ˮĴŷִָ֮ˮ޼ˮͱˡ
ʱҲҪףҲͣˣҲʼ׼ˣ꿪ָۣʼ޽̺ʹӵʱٰˮϡ
ʱ廹ҪӸϽ͢ΪļʱȻǲֻһطкˮ֮ǣڰѷӳʽʵļ֮ʱˮĵطˮ࣬Ҳܼһˮʧ
ˮ෽ȻûֱӰ̵ݽȥȻһ֪ʲôʱܵϵУұ˽ȥҲǺпܵ¡⳯ϣΪԱСü²ܳʽۻ
ˮ෽ӲдۼĸʦȻʦ佻УǷСȫķ
ǱߣڸչûʱδθյԼѧţ֮꣬ȻˮҪ壬¡ش˲岻ϳ֮ʱʰһ£źҹ
˵ĿģԷ飬ʵ˴֮Ǭۼ
ݳѧԣѾ빤ʵ£ɹ˳ƷŸϽǣóɱ¡¹飬ڿùⷽȥһԣǲǿС
׼
ĹԱʱڼأʮѽɲúúܣһôһγ١˭֪ͻȻּǸϽȥҪ½ȻͷԣҲ֪ʱ϶Ҫ֮£²ʱǣҲǲҵ飬Ͻȥ˹


113 ˮ   ˸ȥʹ󣬳˹
˸ȥʹ, ˹Ӣɱ˽ȥ˶ƫʱȴ
Ǭ۰ˮһº͵ڵļ˴½һʱ򣬲ñ¶˵, ӢǼҲʶˮҪԡҪĻ, ֱǸ
ٰ䣬ھȥ˵, ǱʱȿסȲҪϢ⴫, һеȽ˵
, ʹȥ
ȥ֮, Ӣ˼, Ը˼䣬Ȼ󹤲ǱߺܿͿʼæµ
, ڵ֮УӢ£, ˮƳˣƷ֪˵ļһ, ڳڹǱߵĿյѾʵ, ¿Ʋһۡ
ΪΪ˸ϽѳƷ, һƵˮ಻, ֻڿյһʮ׵ˮ·, ԴˮƳѾȥ, Ѿ, ҲӲòˡ
˼ݳʻҲˣȥ֮, ˮ·һ޶ûСԺ·ʱҲõĵˮݣݽȥˡ
ִˮ·ضǰּǵģһȥʮʮϣִˮطŸȻǲõģȻһѹǹŴûˣʱȫصȥȫõֻ˼ˮ·ᱻѹ
ãǬƵ
£ٽſ˵ü˱סһľȻ˹
ǽʣµˮשʯɵģһ߰루ңĺȡڳײǽԿһǽӲȡ
ԱߵıźľļʱҲʼǽʹײ˹ȥײ˼֮ǽҲǵЩˮǻζķ΢΢
Ǽ콨ɵģǬʵ
ر£ˮˣ͸͸ӲˣٷЩӣЧã水չԤûи͸ģǲӰʹãһ֪дķҲˣڵ֪˵һص
Ǭʱǽ뵽Ժսʱˮ޽£ν㣬ձɽʹãٶȱܴоһֲ
߹Ǳ֮ǰ꣬ǰһʱ䣬ʱǲˮˡڿȰĽ飬ˮ׬ЩǮȳӯ⣬ӯˣźöದһЩǮ߹ȥǬ뵽
Ȼ֮ǰĬ֮£߹صǮԽԽ٣ҲΪǼ߹ս²࣬±߹Ǳء⼸սȻֶದǮȥģԲֻӹĻʵۡ
Ȼû彫ҪĿʲôˮ޽̴ӵȷǵ񣬶һ̹ڡˮ֮󣬽ɵ̰ӽˮס֮ЩˮԷ֮رٰܼ|ŷֵʧҲһЩ֮ࡣ
ǬԽԽ⣬Ҽֽ֮һ㡣ּ⣬λڼһ֪ܳԺ廹ܴپϲأڶǼ˺
ˮѾɹˣǬ۱ڳ顣
ôԶνǾӹΰҲһ޾ȼˣص֮۹͡
ǬѴٵģְˣȻе󣬵˴󹦣İٹҲ˵Щʲô
֮ǰǬ۽ټʱ֪϶ʲôҪ鷢ֻ֮ǰǼһֱûϢһȻǼ˵Ĵ¡ȻڻûмʵǽƾµҲ֪Ҫԡ
嵱ʱ淽һ͵֮ĻۣҲ˼㽨ġǬҲȷʵ⼸鲻ǰ˵ģȷǿԶʱ֮ʹӯһܲѷֺͽٵ޺á
ǣˮ෽ˣ׼нȴи򵽷ӣͱеһֹٵ޽
һڽˮ෽˴׬һʳӯʱ򣬻ܽ˻ᣬѷֺٵ޺áȻٵҲҪ͢ȥ޽
廹潨飬ȡӪķʽһֻжʮûܵõˣֻܵȵˣʱʮ
ҲЩ˻˶ͷ˸߼۹ˮ෽ӣΪо仰˵ĺãҪ븻·ˮ࣬ԺرȻῪʼ·ˮڴ˷ӵҪԿɾʹˡʱܴлȡҲ͸ˡ
˭ȵõˮķӣ˭Ȼǰ꣬׬ӾһƵ֡Щмɵģ㲻ˡ
һյϢ󣬾Ѹٸϵ˾ǣȥʮΪЩ̫࣬Ӳǳÿĵز
ʤˣڴܳҲǽеŵģȻҵסֻңó͢˵ˣеڶεĻᡣֻȴЩˮ෽ӻ᲻ڵļǮҪߡ
ʱǬۻĽҲԭġǳ͢ˮһչٸӪȡٲģʽҪһÿˮǴ󽵵ͣҪռҲǴˡԵֱЩȥܲһһٵҲˡ
ǱյǱ߱µּ֮ǿʱˣȻֻǶͷνһѰ˴龩֮ε˼ˣ⡣
ʱˮ̵޽ֿʼˣʱڿԽˮóˡΪˮͷЩܹǲͬģϵش󣬻Ͻ͢һ㡣
ΪļʱпˮϮֻȽȷ£ר޽̰ӡµʱˮ޽ĵ̰Ѿģ
ΪƲˮ̰ȫǰ߹޽ġȻרҵڴԽ֮ǰ֪ʶѧĻͨһϵеļ㣬óѹĵ̰ʾͼ
¹ȥˣ̰޽Ĳˣ̰ӷִҲһСḶ́ڲ޽ѾˡȻִ̰ϿĹûȣȻҲ޽ꡣ
ˣ⼸ˮλѾʼˡ
ʱѾǵļˣǻŰ޽ŷֺЧδѹû뵽Ѵô磬ЩֻܵȵѴڹȥ޽ˡ
ٹգˮƼǵʱҲ͵һ޽ɹʱˡ޽ĳɹеŵģ˵ٷְ٣Ҳаٷ֮ʮĸʿ԰ȫȹļܺˮԵв


114 ˮ   ֹգˮλڡ
ֹ, ˮλԽ˾ߣԽԽߣˮˡ
վӺԶĹ۾̨, ζĺƵˮҳŴӵ, ںӵҲѽ˳, ˮ˻ų̵ҲΧҲվͰǣǽŵ, ºˮԽ̺ʹ, û
Ѿٴκˮİ, ǺԵķ˼ĺˮñѸ, ˮҲӺƴȻһ֪ݴһֱ޽ˮ赲ļܻᵽĺˮ, ǿ͵ˮƣⲻšһˮ̰ӳǳ˵̰ӣǽעʧ, ׯȫһ١
ã꽨ĵ̰Ӧе, ְõסӿĺˮȥ, ҲûˮҪԽ, һһֱźˮգ۵İڷһġ
ˮƻùŻɢȥ, һֱ߶ҲԲȥ֪, , ðշ, Ĺҹӣһֱŵġ
նǵ֪ݴˣʮε, ֪ݴ˷Ҳɢȥˣʱ򣬹۾̨֮廹иͨЩǡ
ˮˮȻСҲ󣬱ٹٹһպˮ͸ˡܹˮֻҲλһˣͷϵһұλôһɷɡŸͨ˵
лˣһлΪûЩ˿»Ӣ֮أԼøʲô֪أͨе
ʱ۹ȻûȻᣬȴǸܸɴµģⲻһ꣬ô׮صģƽʱҲв٣ԽദԽ֣Լô͸׻һͱԼСʮֶ꣬ȴϣôѧϰپ飬Ȼôܱεﵱ֪ݵôûеֶء
ֹһڣߵĺˮˣˮλҲ½ԭ΢Щȫ
ո˵زᣬˣźˮŶˣЩǸһδ֣СҲ궼УΪˮﱻûˣжںˮɢˮǰǺˣ
һո̾⣬ǻǰͲôĿˣʥϸ
ѽҿˣȻʲôʱǸͷѽׯڣǿվʧ롣һճˡһռ
ʱ򣬴С﷢ĶԻڰ˾רģǺ޲ڼλ
巢ͷʱֹˣʢʵǳܲס
Ϊĺˮ̫磬֮ǰ廹ûļհѷֺ޽ãںˮȥˣȻҲҪ޽ˡ
ǲżľļȻѴڻûйȥƺ滹¼δ꣬ĺˮӦòڶˣˮҲȥģеĳ̴ȫԵסǣֺ֮ǰһʮżĽˣһѶʱ򽨳ɾͿˡ
һֵȥ޽ֺʣµһֵֵȥ޽ˮʩΪƽ̹ԭҪ±˻ˮͺųȥȻӿյļرҲһ˴粽С޽ˮġˮʩͺܱҪˡ
ȻҪɵܶ࣬ȴһֱûȱ֣Դʮֳ档ֻȻֳˣҪ޽ĵطԽԽ࣬⾭Ѿ׽
Ϊڵԭ򣬾꣬ǱߵȻҲܵ˲СӰ죬ʱֻʣ½·ѡҲС˲١
ȻȻÿҲͱˡԴѾ׼ˣǱ߸ոȱڣԼˡ
ʵһ֮أظտʼҲУ֯һļЩ̾Щ䵱ѡЩӵĸ̣ԺԽǵֿڱǰνͨ˵ʵһСջҲǹҫĺˣֻҪһôĶأ
طܳƵϸ̵Ļû٣ظ̾ӣҪľʮ֮һһȥķ֯һļ裬ʡЩԼء
ӻǲӶģɴ˸ʾñصĸ̻аǲģſ߾һĲӶ࣬ٵĲ٣ֻҪһСЩ׹ӵˣҲſڵĺϣԺҲͷνһ
ΪûļϷѶļ赽һ㹻۰յĻʳѾУ¾ͽһλæȥŰռ޽ˮˡ
û뵽⼸ҾȻܾ׳ôӣҵû뵽忴ŵ͹ļ˵


115 ϲ   ˵⼸ҡ
˵⼸, ǵʱʰǼҡʰ֮⼸ҶԪˣ׹ȥ, ¡
, Ϊûм棬Ǽ¹ٸ仰, ˵Ѿ֪ԼǰĴھ, ͵ǵֲ, Ȼ˵ϣܸһĹĻᡣתǼ˵Ļ
⼸Ȼ֪Թ޵, ô, ֲҵҿԭǼԶԶǵˣΪ֪ݺ, ԽԽ𣬼ҵۿŹһҪˣǵܲʣ
ûԶĵ, ֻԶ档ԿԿ֪ԣǰǵ, ҲԸʱȷˡԴǴ֮, ǼҵļڲҲһδѪ, Żȥ˶֪ݵĺʵҲûж, ෴֮ǰûһ, ǻһλ
ǳļҲû, ֪ݱ, ϣԺܶǵӡĹۡ
Ҳܹ³⼸ҵͼûж˵ʲô͵, ֪ˣǼǣͺ˵Ժı˵ɡ
ڶ⼸ѾûʲôԵĶˣԭ˸ץѾץ˸еҲѾˣ⼸ȨģҲԭЩˡܹĹ£ҲԸһᡣ
ǣ¹֪ˡ
Ǽ˴ӵĿ֪֪ݵĴ𻰺Ҳ֪ݵ̬ȣ֮󣬸ˣɼҶȥǱ߰æ֪ܹע⵽ǣһˡǼǰĴ¡
Ϊˮ̵޽ˮǰôˣȻÿնҪȥǵǱǰҪһ㣬Ҫÿ𼱻ǵش߸ǱߣǽҪȥ
ֻҪһȥȻİոҲԼֵ߲˹ϹֵʲôǮЩǵ⡣弸αʾգûӣհվŲߣǵ²УҲЭˣֻˡ
Ҹһ㣬ǼҸһ㣬ٳɶҲвˣҲԲЩ߲˹ϹɴͰЩȥǱ߲μ۵İ˼ӲˣҲһȡ֮֮ɡ
ûкˮׯڳúܺã˵ǴˡߣׯڵĵطֻΪˮŻ䵽ʧءյĵزû˺ˮв۾Ϳɼׯڵķ
ڵյʱˣͰˮ޽ߵĽͣˣðջؼȥˮ߲һʱҰѾܾûзչˣҲ˺þ÷յʱˡ
æˣÿ͹񣬲ܣҲһˡʱҲϣյٳһ㣬Ϣһʱ䣬ȥʱΪֹûϢ೤ʱ䣬رǰ£æҪ
ҲҲϢʱ򣬵Ȱæˣ߻ýŽһΪϽչɲһֱΧŰת
ˣ˲֪жˣǰӿǹȥˡȻյʱۣǰնǴ˼Ѫһʹľʮ죬ҼһѾպˡ
ն֪ǽܹϷյӶΪǵ֪ݣﲻ֪жмڷ֮󣬲֪˭ͷȻ·Լһ׷ÿһ͵ſڡûм죬ǰѾˣĴŶûطȥˡմҲ֪ݵƢԣ֪ǣ׷׶
֪ݴˣպܰ㿴û죬ĴͶˣ龰¹ٻǵһμͨЦŵ
ЩÿγȥһգᱻʺãҲʱˣǽȥЪЪš֪꣬ûʱܵĴ
ͨ˵ЦˣҲλĹͣһҲҲΪ˲𣬰նĶǿλҲ϶ǸмġҲЦŻص
ҲǶ˴ܴһֻҪץס˵Ĳɲͨһп
֮ǰһææ֪ԼæĽŲմأʱЩҲǱ˲տʼʱȷЩӦĽ࣬ҲϰˣҲ֪Լ壬Ŭĸ˵Ĳһ㶼ڵȻ˵㣬Ǵõĸоǰɢʱܱȵġ
ǶԴǸмģ˻˸ģҲҪΪûв뵽̰۵ĻԲܱ˸߿һۡǴˣԭĹٳǻ֪ӹӹµµӻã˵һ죬Ҳ̤֮ǰ֪ͬ뵽̰֮еͬŵĺ󳾡
ѻɽӣеĸܵ˰յĸм֮飬ҲĵľһŬֵõġдǰҲдȥȻǰûбֳ̫ʵǲƽģеҪһ׽֮˷һ¡
ٰ֮һսڣףҲףһһȡõĳɹҲʮָˣսһԷ֯ٽĿظ裬һֱ쵽ҹ
󣬾͵˼µʱˣûԼϲʱ̫ܿ͵Լ̬Ͷ뵽˹ȥ
֮͵ȡ˰ʱˣ겻꣬ϸܾòΪգԸ˰ܿûŵġ
߸ȡ˰ĹҲһǰʱѰģҰҲҲղռǽշŲҳΪܶϼ죬춼ϻݡǽ꣬˵ǲѴ֮Ǽ˰Ļӡ
忴˱㣬ֵȽĸ˰Ͻ֮󣬻ʣ²ءϾǾΥĴգΪǰ߾֣ټƶÿҪϽĸ˰ĵطһء
ʣµĸ˰ټϹǱÿӣ㹻֧Ժˮ̵޽ˣѵáˮסˣ֮ÿ궼һ룬ѧԺҲܽˡ
Ҫ㸻չǵÿԼ֮ǰѾڽͷβչһʱˣɻÿ춼ſڽͷβĿ̨һֱšеĶѾ˺üˣΪеİΪʱԭһڣǼš
ڰոѧҲѧĲˣϾɸѡȥڿοĶһЩʱܹѧĶҲ˸ճɹʱˡ
֮ǰһֱڿ̨Ͻε˴ţչС顣ε˾С鳤Се
ͱ磬濪չε˽ôôСȥε˽ôֲֻСȥֲֻȻָС顣
ЩС鲻ɱʲôͱʲôִʮʱҲһ֮ģҼɻƽ档
ҲǵһЩеľԣҲһЩ涨ͱֹֹͬǮʱȻҲͬһ㣬ػĶһ㡣Ҳ˻ԼԿˣ̵Ӳɡ


116 ·   Щԭͷڿεǡ
ЩԭͷڿεЩ, ҪСͷһ˴ôָ϶ġҲЩ˰׸, Ϊ˵ǵĻ, ЩС鸺ˡ˳ɹ, ׬֮ǿԷֵǽ̵Խ, Խ, СɵԽ, ȻҲ׬Խࡣ
ֻԼôһ̯ӵȻǲ, еֲ˻յһں˴򽻵ӵдֶΡ϶˵ÿСЭ, ȻҲһļල
߸ո˸˰Ǹʱ򣬾ѻ㡣ΪðոӷĵĲμЩС, ˡ㡱
ͻľûо, ʱͿԵ뾭, ߳ʸ, ׬Ǯ֮, ҪѰ߳ıԭһ屶ٻ, Ǯ, Ҳ͵ǲ, ûˣȻҪ˼ලʵȻ϶©
Ǵð, Ȼٸٸ߽һӵģָ⡣ΪһԺ뾭ѵ˿϶ܶ࣬ǰԭļƻߺܿͻ벻˺ܾãŻ
Ȼ˵ÿ뾭ѵС׬ǮҲȫߴ󲿷ֵıǿջģãն׬Ǯ߻ܶջӡһӾͿ´ΰߡͶʡľѡѭȥ˶꣬ոˣҲܸˡ
Щ룬˭Ҳ֪ܲչȥ
Ӧĸʾȥ֮뾭ѵ˺ܿ˳ӡΪ뾭ѵʱҪܶϢСǸʲôģԱˣ鳤ϢȵȣԶŵú
Ϊղʶ֣߾ԭߵѧȥ㡱տдȥæѧжʮȻʱŶӵ˺ܶ࣬󲻵һҲȫˡ
߲μӽ˺ܶ࣬еСһ㣬ҲһˣϾǱ߳ʣ׬ֻҪ໹һȥˣ˻ûԼμҲõʲôգ˵׬ǮȻԸμӵˡ
߲μӵİնˣǱˮ̵˾ˡԭÿÿ걾ֻҪһµ۾ͺã֮ǰΪԼûʲô¸ɣڼﻹ˷ѿڲ÷۵ʱҲŸɻġߣҶæŲμӸС׬ǮˣȻҲԸ
֪֮󣬿˿Ǳ߷۵ʣµʣµ˵ȷЩˣǱ߹̵Ľȿ϶٣ֲЩǮЩȥǱ߰żˮ̣ˮȻڽĲǵøϽ꣬ȻҪٽŷȣ嵣ĵڵ֮󣬻ûн꣬β
һʱ䣬İո·磬æòˡÿ϶ǴЦģǷ·Ѿ뵽ԺԼ׬ʱĳˡ
ҲûţҪ븻·ˮѾóˣˮ·ȻҲҪˡ·֮ͨƽʱ·ʱҲܷһ㡣һľѣʣµΪѾ̫ˣҪ·ҲֻһҪ·طҪ޵ĵĻӿ϶Ͳˡ
ԸһţȹǱ͹һܣټһĸ˰Ǹʱµӿ϶ǹ·ġȥʱʱϾвˣڲֻ꣬·֮ǰ϶޲ġ
һЩ·аĸȥǮȳҲȵϣǴǷǮˣٻǣҲ൱Щ̽ծˡ
ܹռЩ̵ıˣָǵͷԼã·޺֮Ǹ޵·ǵҪǳа·Խ࣬Լ·Խ࣬Щ˵ջĻС
ΪҲСƶࡱģȻеܳа·һ㣬е˳а·һ㡣Щ˵Ȼ·ҪԼǮǹٸǱ֪˵ˣԺ϶ỹǵģҲǿҿˮ·Ժ󽨳ˣƼʮ궼ˣǵˮ·Ժ߹·ˣɶܼǵǵģȻַʽҲһġʷ
ΪԼˮ·ֻ΢еǮˣҲеСΪǮǾͺȥСӣôҲ·
֮ǰļ˲ǮǼңȻҲǴֱʣÿҶаһ̵·͵޺֮ء⼸һΪһ·ĵضκ˽һϾضκõĵط·ߵ˾Ͷֵ֪࣬ȻҲͶˡ
岻Ѵ֮Ͱˮ·㶨ˡ


117 µò       ˣġ
, ˰յıһֶ˲٣һһˡ ͨŵ˱̾˵е˱ݸ塣
ӹ˱, ˷, ҲЦŵǲȰѸý˰Ͻ, ʣµҲٶཨѧԺѧˡ
ʵϵʮֺõģҲ, ط, ֲŵ, Ϊˮ, Ҳ䲻ز
ںˮǹȥˣһֱûܹˮ, ֱڣǱˮ̻һֱţϾһʱΪ˸ʱ, ҪѴ֮ǰõ̰ӣǼҪ̽ġ
֮, Ϊˮ, 󲿷ַ۵İնȥ, Ϊֹ, Ҫȥ, ˮѾģ, Ա֤, δһ߼ܵˮֵӰ졣
û˺ˮ֣հׯ, Ҳÿ˰գҲ꣬ҪܽΪÿ궼ܷգߵĸ˰ҲԽԽˣԼԼ˶ǰΪʳ󻧡ģ
ʱߵˮ·Ѿʮֶˣǰ·֮١֮ǰøΪ·渶ӣʽ£󣬺ܿͻǡЩ˽Ҳ֮ǰ渶ҲˣҲǽԴϲ
֮ǰ߲ȥΪѵ˻ջٲȥջıͷ˺ü
һ벦طʣµһµѵԺٲȥ
嵱ʱµĹ涨Щֲ˵ȸС飬˾֮ӯҪձһ屶ٽӻ˾ͲҪٻˡ
ΪȫóеκηգԼȫİն뵽
ЩС飬ЩǮûʲôӯģȻԸμӵİվˣΪ̫پͱɢˡЩӯС飬ռ׬ǮģȻҪ룬Ȼ͸ˡ
ֹĿǰΪֹмӯǳõС飬ģѾĵ˽ĵزˡ
ͱϳ֯³ȣЩСԾԵӱ߳ʣΪǽֻ˳֮ÿ곧ȥý˰⣬ҪɵߣҲ൱Щֹɡˣʽɡ
ЩѾ¸֮·С飬Ѿ˴ˣÿ춼ġ
Ϊף߳ࡰҵߡÿ¶дҵƲģÿҲдҵɹ׬һʵġҲ˱ԽԽˣµò
Ϊʽˣ뽨ѧԺҲһǰѾ˼ˡΪʽޣԹģǱС˲٣ûϵʽٴγˣԽŽ
ѧԺˣ֮ǰǱѧڿʼ֮ˡ֮ǰǼֱʲôɣǱҪȥв˶ĲЩ½ĳ˸СְλǱʵǹѵʦѧģڲ㶼Ҫ¡
ҲûбԹģΪƽʱȻɵֶ࣬ǶЩ˵ĶǣҲǶ۽磬ѧĶ飬⣬ڴߣһӶӴ
ټ࣬ÿ˽֧ǶҲǲ٣ˣв˶˲ӣԺȥҲˡ
ΪңҲûǶɣÿ˶żٻ̽ףԳҪˣЩҲû˭ʮҵģһûлȥεġ
ѧԺǱȻģûصĴ󣬵ǽ̵ĶǱߵѧԺ࣬һǱѧڿΡǼȻܴô˵ıбѡߣ֤Ƕʵġ֮ҲȻûʧڿν̵ʮֲ
֮ǰǱǰǱ߻ûзչʱҪٵģ˶ֵĻˣɲøϽץסǰҪԲˣΪ˰յǣû뵽üﺢȥֵʱ
ȻѧԺ徭ƾ֮ЩǽЩɶʮõģɲȲǿ
˵ͼŮȥǸû¡ϰն֪ݵĻǷΪģ֪ô˵Ǿôﻹ֪ݶŸأ
ȻڵѧԺʽƽĹģ󣬵ٹ϶ٶཨ ǸʱֻҪߵĺӣ֡
ˣǽͨ˶˵һһֽ˵
ţȿһ˵


118    ˡ
ˡѧ, ÿ겦һӴ߿ƾٵĶˣǶûк֮ǡ
ȻǴȻҪ, Ϊ˼, 涨ֻҪǿţӾֻҪ֮, ԽϿԽ١ڶ˵, Ժǲƾȥ׬ЩӱͨȻ׵ö, ΪƽʱĻѴͷʵڱīֽ鼮, Ȼǻϵġ
ĻʱҲúܿ, ʮ󻹿ȿɡҲעǰʮ֮ҪһֱⱾ, ǲܻرġ
ΪԴ֮ͻÿһֱӵģʵϼ֮Ҳ٣Ȼе˵Ҳⷽ沦̫, ԴȻҪˡ
涨ÿʮÿÿԲʮ, ڱīֽණ, ٸҲᰴѷ, һ, ЩѡϵĶ˻Ͼûʲôϵѹ, ˵Թúܺá
Ҫ֪ʱ, һСˮƽļͥһʮӾͿԹú̹ˡڹٸ߻ѷűīֽ, Щ˻Ѿ͸ˡ
ΪѵãȡƽķǾǿ, ÿ궼УֻҪǲμ˵ģǰʮͿԵõÿһΣÿʮ
ҪƾٵĶҲֹʮˡֻÿܿϵŵ޼˶ߡ£̫Ҳǰ׷ѡȻ˵ЩпᣬʵˣһأŵҲֻ˾˵ֻһǱߴҲƵģʮ棬ܿŵģҲ϶޼
Ҳһֱǣ˵Ժỹǵʱ仹̫ˡ廹涨ÿ˹ٸֻ꣬ſĴβμӿƾٿԵĻᣬûпţ֮Ͳټˡ
廹涨ЩûŵĶǿͨѧԺ黹ӵģֻҪͨѵСѧԺһʦһʮѧԺ߻ʦʳޣǵߵʦ飬Ϳ԰Ѵˡ
ܵõģͲǽҲǴ´ˣǵǷĵġ
Ѿͨ˴ɨһ££õͳһ鵵ˡ
ѾҪˣ濼˵֮ƾܵؾǱˡҲ»˴ֽţϾĳɼĿõģ˵ڵһʱóˮࡣ
Ϊˮĳ֣ϻ֮Щֵĵطϵ˵̰ӣʧ࣬вٵط˺ˮֵţһʧҲûСһ͢Ҳȥ˴ӹٲǮȥ֣˲Сĸ
Щ˵ǿԼģ˭ҲĨ֮ǰȻûмν˼ҲˣҪȵؾ֮һͬ۹͡ǰЩʦҲţ¾˵λؾϹƻ
صǻһʱ䣬Ҳõȿ֮Сô˵һְܲģԶԽ˿˿ûеġ
ȻҪһӣʹϽʣµûиץˣȻ֮˭֪һ֪ݻ᲻ᡰ桱µĲأ
ʱֲЩȥŽѧԺµ˽ӣԺиĺӿѧʶ֡
ٶһΣٸ꣬Ŀ԰һѣķչһ̨סʱѾ˸ûؾʱˣҲʵˡȻ飬Ҳܻ׼࣬һԶҲճдȨΪƶߵġȨ
ĿĺȷǾȨֻյ˵Ȩִĸĸе룬ôܳǿðնܹʳǵúӶѧʶ֡
ߣֻܸıһطĵط˵Ǳ޳Ī֮ءôʹˣ˸鲻뿪Ҳ£
Ϊ֪߽֮βƻŬͨǿ˻ᣬǵ֪֮Ҫô
֪̰ۣ֤֮֮Ÿͨǹְ΢ȻóȻҵϽҷ˿ûʲôҲͲͬˣһҲбˣȻص˾֮϶Ǩʱ־ѹ֪Ҳʲô⡣Ȼϣ֪ǸһΪĺù٣͸ǰ֮ˡ
ԽٽҪߵʱ䣬Խæ̣̫ź˲ܷߡ
ˣյϢˣˣվܵˡͨе


119 ؾ       Ȼɡ
Ȼ˵ˡȻ˵, ҲòӴҲǹٳĹˡ
췳븶ͨȥӴһˣ˰һסޡԸͨ˵
, ˷İ, ¹һ˰źá
ͨжڴѾˣǰֽӴü, ҲΪѣ򽻵ʱһ㶼ûг
ƴ, ֪ݴҪ, Ӵ, Ծ¹, ˼¡
ţ⵹, ǹҪҲ֪ߵ飬¡ƴ˲ûн, ȵ˵
֪֪⼸ڵʱĹģȻؾ֮, Ͽ϶νһ, ⵽ʱ˵Ĺְ, ôܻο֮ʱ֪ݡ
˵, Ǳ߶ο˽˾Ͳ, δθΪ֪ݵʦ, Դ¿϶Ƕŵ, ֮ǰҲڳкüᵽ壬ˣȻƴ̫, Ҳ֪϶ڶš
ڵôڿ˵ʱֽأͷϵñӴ̫˰ɣ
æҽڲȥӴƴˣƴ˲ûȥһ֮󣬾ְ˽˸ͨУȻԼæȥˡ
ƴ˺ܿͽˣ˿ظһְ˱׼Сְƽְְ֣ҲӦõõġ
ҪˣʱҲ֪Ϣ֪ݣǶĸģһ˵֪Ҫߣҷ׷׼
ߺ߸Ͷİﲻ͵ĶЩռóͨĶǶǵ⡣˵֪ҪˣҲûа취ֻܽͶԼĲˡ
ˣˡ֮⣬վ
ʱ򣬰Ҳ塣屾Ǵϳģû뵽һϾϵ硣
һ˰ɡһֻеرϲ羴Աʱ򣬲Ż֮ϡɡԼĲᡣ
һɡʱܾͰ˵ҪŲˣа͡
ѥҲͱΧѵˣʵҲǰձٵľ֮٣Ҳǹٳϵļѻµѥӣ򱻳ΪŰѥ
߰ɣڷˡʱѾعˡ
ؾ֮·һ·϶˳Ϊڴ󲿷ֹٵѾˮ·ˣһ·ϲʱôʮƽȡ
صǵʱ糿ҲûоˡΪյ·дţҲƶϳһһֱȥš
һصУͳӭȻӷϴ
ͷѾûˣΪһֱдţԸάֵúܺã֮ĸ˿ûΪ겻ˡ
ΪҪȥְҲûܺͷ̫ȥ΢ϴһͽ˹ȥ
ȥûãͱȥ ȥʱ򣬴tѾʮϤ˵Ķᰲ˳
ڶѾʮ꣬ȻСѾԿģǰǸСˣӽʮ꣬Ӿͺˣһ߸ߵꡣ
ӺȽϤ弸䣬һ£ǿûˣûжʩ۹⣬еġ
Ҳ λӼ񣬾ֱӼȥϡ
μ£
ˣɣ
⼸갮ɻãǬ۾лҳʵ
ȴûзɣؾصر£бµĸúܺá
Ȼ޾ͷˣ⼸Ǻܵء⼸һ׮׮һ޶Ѿ֪ˣܺã޵Ķ֮š
¹ˣԼıֶѡ
̫ǫˣҪ޵İٹٶһ֪Լı֣޿οˡڣһĿ治֪࣬ڳִݡ
֪Ǭ۴˵κ׸θˣҲûóȻشǫѷ˵¶ˣҲƽһˣ϶Ҳһץһѡ
ǫѷԶȿĸϲǬۿԽԲˣֵ  Ҳعǫˣ⼸Ĺ޶õˮһ㹻޸ˣ˵ôһ֮˺á㣬һְʤΣ


120    Ʒ٣塭
Ʒ, ֪Ʒ٣ֻΪ˴в֣һְһӦöҲֻƷ֪ض, ֲƷĹ, ټһضȲϣ嵱ʱ֪ƷٵʱҲû˷ʲô
Ǭ۸һ, ģһ̤ٳû, Ʒ, ǨٶȵȷЩˡ
ǬۼȻô˵, Ȼɵȥܾ, Ȼκ׸ڻм飬ǻҲֻһ, ȥ˻κ׸ҪԸѹҲôס
лʶʤΡ
, ãŰ䡣ǬڶͣȻ滹зԭ, Կȱĳ׽һ㡣ѷ״Ԫ, ˫ȷɲŮò, ϵȷί˷ˡ, Ȼûа취
һ, Ҳóô˻, Ҳһˡ
պ, Ǭ۱ڳҪΪһ¡
˻һϱը˹
̫ˣ̤;갡, ڻʮ꣬ȴվϴ󲿷˷ܴܶﵽĸ߶ȣƽ͹ˡ
ұɣҲǻɣΪڼǰǹٹ磬λñһܲһӣ˶סλŲȥˣڰ·ɱҧạ̊́
κΪ飬ʹô˻λٲԼˣλҲڱصá
ʱ򣬲˵һʾһ£վ˳£Ϊ˾ٲףڲʮģȥںԺʱ䣬Ҳ̤ٳ꣬λһְǷǳ˵㣿
飡һ˵꣬˳
˷ԣȻҲ޳ɣθһ֪ո˵ԵκʾģȻˣ͸κԸˣҷҲûǸλðˣǻһְ壬ܿκ޳ԱôҲֵˡ
ȻҲ֪θ뷨Ҳе㽻飬Ҳĸһ˳ְһѣǰ£Ϊ˿ʤλһְȻᣬʵʵģ֮ǰóˮ࣬ýϻ֮˶ʧ
ҪǽΪᣬ㲻仧һְôԺѡѵҪĳɿ𣿡ڿŸոǸԵ̵ַ
ɵ£ȻϿʤλһְǨδЩ̫ˣһٳûƷǴܳҲǴӳΪȸһĹ٣ʲôʱûйġҲ١
ʱδθΪʦȻǿȥֱվǨôˣ֪ƷƷȻóˮ࣬ý֮ؼʧֳӯ˹⣬һһ֮ģϲһôˣ
ȻδθƵǰ֪ݣɲŵ⵱ʱΪӦҲǾֵİɣʱôû˵֪һְأ
⻰˵ģ˵κġ
տʼʱ֪˭ڱ֣ѧһϵеκǱߵβ͡
ȻѧΪ˲ٹѧı£Ҳκڱ󵷹ΪЩɶأ
ھǲ֪κĻθˣ⻹µء
δθ⻰һɾҭסˣ˵֪Ʒǵʱôһ֮صƷ֪ݣƷƷٶ磬ԵʱԸʱ򣬲Żɵİε
ֻû뵽ڷǳȫ壬˲СĹǨɡǿϵڣǵʱضˡ
κȻҲδθĻ֮⣬ֻȴҲ÷δθΪѧŻΪ˵ģЩװɣ
ôκΪ˵ĲԣұǾͲףȻҪͦˣҿδθ̹Ȼػص
ͺκ޽ˣҲԼˣֱӻػκ޵ı飬ǳһڶ
ˣͣ°ɣҲǹһ㹻ˣ޻ίأλ仹飬͵ⷬ˵
Żϴ˻֪ѾҪˣʱҲٶ໰ֻܳĬ
ڵĹְϳȻһۡ
λɡ
еʱԵ˼Ѿ䶨ҲҲ˵ʲôǻѵܰ˸ʹ룬ߵλˣûˢӣǸ㣿˵ʦδθѧˡ
κ׸ѾˣֻܱϾʱȥǸ֮أֻû뵽ô˷ˡ
֮ǰθһȻܣǹλǱסˣֻǾӪһȥһ룬бµĳ֡
ҲֻȰסһηüĻᡣֻЦţʱ˷ȥԸˡ
ҪСǸʦʶƣȻŭ˱±ȥ߹ѺοʴӶȱϯ˳м£ҲθռϷ硣
ֻȻܣθռϷ磬θҲûõȥθʧҲǰѡ
θУںʦ̸Ȼһֱкʦϵôܹ˵ġӹ֮󣬱ʦ
δθڵʱ򾩳﷢飬ȫϸĺһ飬رΪκ׸θ˵ɵĳйԱı䶯
ЩȻ֮ǰ˵һ飬ǵûڵ潲ʦ˼ʱڰھǵ״ˡ
û뵽»㵣λһְ㻹ǵκ˵¡㲻õģԪˣڳϵĶҲƽϢˣȻЩҲûаڵ̨ȥʱӦò˷ѾԸ㡣ԺֻҪСĽһͿˣøʲô͸ʲôʱʲô顣δθ˵
δθȻ֪ڿ϶ڻ½Ÿǻ̲סһ
ţѧˡʦ˵Ҳƶϳκ׸ǱߵԵʱҪλɵʱûоܾ
Ȼκ׸Ƥ£ɵģҵʱҲܳڻŴ򽻵˽һڳ͢飬֮У򽻵ģѧĶȻҲ͸ˣʱճԺʱ򣬵һȥĲžǻҲǵóԸˡ
ûվ͵˻ʽȥˡڻΪɣͷκ׸Ϊѹڻʵ̹ͦġ
Ǳߣʱˡ˵Ǻеϵ


121 ˮ   ÿ굽˵εʱ򣬾в
ÿ굽˵εʱ, вǰ߶ϵԼܵһһĵط٣ͱ罭һĸ֮ػоܸ, 궼ŵĵط, в
Щڿ˽̫ĻģЩ֮ѡȻֲ, ʱֻܽĿתˡþ˲˵ۡ
ȻȲЩ֮, ҲܿѸٷչ, ɴ˿ɼеǱԶЩ˸ְ֮, Щ߲ɵͲ͵ĹԱ, һǳõѡ񡣽ϻоЩȥˣܲһġ
в˾ͿʼйϵˡһطҪȥ˶Ȼͻ, ˵еĹϵͬһˡֶ̳Ȼ˼ҵĺôȻҪ˸ɺá
ΪҲǺΧڵĵ, ȥǸطְ˻Ƿϵģйϵȥһ, ôֵȫǿ˹ϵ, ôҲ൱ԭȥķΧ֮, ѽ, ҲΥ, ҲǹٳǱ, Ͼô˶ԹԿء
, ⱻ˹ϵͷϵĹԱҲͬ⡣ֻôһǸµļԱͽǶû뵽Ҫȥط˾Ȼ١
һ, Ϊ˲˺ټҲ˴Ϊ͵͵ģ˽ǳǩ˭鵽ˣǸط˭ȥŽ¸ˡ
ѾһˡΪΪɣȨСټκ׸ǼεĻ飬Ҳһֱڻ֮ǰû˸ΪǶͿġ
һ֮УȻκ׸Ϊ飬Ǵҵġͷ˾ǻҲһã˵κ׸ֱǰʧ˲٣Թһʱ󣬵Ҳм忪ʼˡȻְλû½֮ߣǺôڻҲ˲ˣԻҲǳ˽ˣƽʱܰһһ¡
彻ãȻҲܾ˼׹֦ǵĹϵҲЩ
ڻҲˮˣ£ѻСС͸͸ˣҪŪûа취
ִ˵ʵǲֻƹܵȽ϶ࡣΪɣҲ൱ڸڲôȻǻˡ
ڻڻ飬Ҫܵ黹治١ƽҪܵľǻ˰漮ڡյȻơͳƸָӵĹ񣬵Щ˵ʲô£õҲܳ֡ΪڻûеÿҪæʱ˲ʱڳȥһ֮ǰĸ־ڣԻ˽⡣
ǹҵǮӣڻ־ڵĻᣬҲƶϳ˴ܳĹ֪ܳڴ´һʲôˮƽ
ڻ⼸£巢ֻˮС
ڴܳԱ࿪֧ѶҪ򻧲ǱʱЩĲţҪЩ֧ѵĿϸͳȻ󾭹ղϽȥˡ
յ֮˵ĳҲʮϸ񣬼Ҫ鿪֧ǷϹ涨ǷбҪݿ֧Ҫ಻࣬ûԤȵȣиֵĺ׼ÿ潻ĽҪĿɲ٣ͨ޼
Ȼ˵ôϸΪޣеı׼Ҫô׾͸ͨˣûطֱĶˣͿˡ
֮ǰˮʵҲǿ뾭ѵģ̫ˣټ˵һ궼һ׼Եʱû룬ԼＯѵġ
ؼǣܷͨȫֻлͨͬⱨˣŻдһ۳ʸϣɻġһ£ɻȥıۣϴʱͬģΪҲǻᾭϸ˵ģ϶һ㻹Ƿĵġ
Ȼ֮ͬһ̲ŻʱŻ·ġ
֮ܶҪ뱨ͨͱ뾭һأͬ⣬ݱĹģûмϣͻֱӱءҲ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ǿøر룬粻Ϲ涨ĿûбҪĿ٣º˲ϱҪ˸ǳʽĵطٹȥиɿ롣
ʲôԱҪģѲܶĹ٣ҲҪ涨ԺܶʱΪͨ˵ʱ䣬طٶרŲһʾϵȻʱҲָΪǵıգֻҪٴܰǾллˡ
˽µĻ¸ϵĻ¸С̿ǻϼ˶˵ʲôǰӵʱҲûյ̿
Ѿյüˣ˽µĻ¸ܾܾϵġ̿ǲþܾģҪǾܾǵ˴ˣڹٳҲѻ졣
̿Ȼϵģ֪Ҳû׷˵׻ϲ̨棬Ҳȱ㶫Щգÿյ֮󣬶úһ㲻ܶĿؽЩȥǵӤãҲΪ˸ЩˣȻˣҪͳȥˣ´㻹ҪҪ;⣬Ҫˣ߾Щȥ
ֻȻ忴Щ̿ڹٳҲԱյʱ˵ЩʲôϾܳԱٺ»Ĳߣ⡰̿ҲһԴ
ƽʱЩֵıʱһҲѹʲôֻҪǺϹ涨ͨҲڵطٵģȻҲܱЩٺͽ̶ȡ
ȻڹְˣҲЩգǾΪƷĻɣҲڳӵһϯ֮أÿҪϳˡǰںԺʱҲ𴲣ڳ˻ˣÿ賿ӾҪʼϴĵӾҪ׼ˡ
пȻ߹ٲǺõġҲֻп²һÿջҪʱȥϳ룬ʱܳæʱʱСӰࡱÿջؼҵʱ䵹ͦġȻĻһֱ˯𣬰컹ҪϳʹҲܲˡ
ӻæ֮ȥȥ˷Ȼƽһֱæڹ񣬵ܻҪʱȥģԳɻ𣬾ѾҪλľƽʱάϵ飬û֮ǰȻҲһֱдŻ߼ﵽǸģڻص˾ǣûıǰˡ
սʱȴе㲻ԾҲ֪ʲô飬ʱȻղͬȴҲǷ˻£е㵣ģɻʵôˣʲôˣ
⸱飬۵һЦոջЩգ˲ˡҲЦԴɻˡ
ЦŵģǺ¡Ҳ˵Լ²¡
Щͷˣ⵽Ƿʲôء


122        Ҳ֪
Ҳ֪ʲô, ֻܰԼĲ˼ȫԣʱ, , ͻȻ뵽һܣЩСĵʵѵˣ
廰һ˵, ȥı飬Щ, Ȼŵ, ǲˡǵһ, ˵Щ, ̫˼
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸣ʱ, ҲͻȻֶ֪ķˡǰʱŮѶû̸һû뵽ȻôԼĺ, Ȼڻûг廹ʮ־ϲ
, Ҫվšæȥվŵķ¡
ôôС, վҲûʲô顣, Ц˵
º, Щŵ˵Сĵûд, мˣɿˣ
, ΪһʼҾЩ, ֮ŵζЩ£ʱŮѣ뵽ǲˡȻȥ˹ҽ, ҽҽȻ·СҲˣȷǻڻ¡
Ǿͺãк͹˵һ˵Ȼָǻʺ󣬻ʺʶ㣬϶ַ޿ס
ûҴ·һٽĸ˵ȻҲĸڹײġŶӻش
ҲãʱҪСĵ㣬ǧҪ˰ˡҿźҲЩˣȵȣúЩоӹ߿ţҲܷһ㡣
֪ΪԼãҲûзֻһáҲǵһУණҲڳ֮ǰĸ˵һЩʱЩԼңԶҲûϸûһգۣԭԼޱңԶô;Լϡ
ȻĺӻǺڴѾɻˣŵʱ˵ҪӣһãҲδżɻǰһֱûеļҲûϡֱ֮ɵǱ٣Ҳûмˡ
֮ĸ黹ճΪдţҪ֮ǰߵʱ׽ˡ⼸Ҳ缸ǰһûҪһ顣
ȻżѾɻˣ֮ҲҪˣҲ֪ԵģǿҲûҲܿͰҪӵԺ󣬶ȫ֮ϲˡ
Ҫķ粨ҽ֮صضҪţֻ˵ǵ˷纮ЩҽġҽҲǰڹﳣõģŵùģ϶ҲҰе˵ȥҪº̥˵
Աںһһݹ
ʱ⼸ԱԸоƽʱϲŭɫ˾ڵۿɼĺá²ΪʲôѵҪˣӦҲܹѽɲûѽ
岻˵ЩȻҲֻһ£ʳڡʱֻݹ꣬ȥʱҲûʲô˼Χļʲô
ˣ¹ٰ͹ϣ˸æǸ¡һ˴߽һ˵
УǰɣȹȡæءǸֱӲ˵
⣬˰æмҪͨͨڡ˵ĲˣǰںԺһ¬ߵͬƽʿǡ
鱾ǳֺõ飬ϸ²Ҳеģƫƫ֮ڰ¸ϣΪǷ޷޵š
ʲôͨͨڣҶǰ̣ĹרȿһݣǰɻвٵŸءǸֱӲ˵
ڲһ£ҲȻûеλна壬Ǳ߻ִߵýû취˿Զ壬˴Ľ裬ڳǱ˹ȥ
ǸмˣҲû⣬ԼϵˣڸոˣҪб¾ȥ˸£Ҳܲš
߹ȥʱﻹһᵽ׸ô˵һ˿ô죿ǰ˵ԣһ֪ô죿
ҶǼʵģǻںԺʱͼ壬ǿδθĹϵܻôãйˡǸʱ˶ֻ֪״Ԫ壬ﻹõ̽
;˶ųΪԼĻᵽˣʱһĽʿھлõĿ϶ˣټ׸һɵ˽飬Ժ˵廹Ҫɫ


123    ʱ屻
ʱ屻ɵʱ, ﰵЦŵǵطԺ϶ûгͷ֮, ֻû뵽ȻôĹؾ˹, ˻ɣֻһ¶, ߣΪһиǸ, Ҫˡ
֮ǰϵλԭ˵ԺҪϵ, һְλ, ҲΪƵԭңңڡ
ǽ, Ҳֻǹ£ûʲô, ȻԼҲΪ飬մ, ȻҲΪҪְ, Ҳ , һľƽǻǵԭְ, һͻһڻλϡ
Ҫ, ⱲӶǲ, ȻǨôʮּ, Ҳò, ǨٶȵȷȲϵġҲǰںԺһֻＵţǲұ¶
ȻЩ岻, ²²̨ΪܸϽѲ°ûȥֻӲͷƤȥ˵֣þòˣ֪ǵ𣿡
æȻͻȻں̧ͷһ־ȻϤˣǣ֪ʲô飬ǰҲûʲô飬˵֪Ҳڱ󴫹Ե飬䲻ػصȻǵã˴ˣҲþòˡ
Ǽֻһ䣬ûʲôľЩʧʲôʱ˳˵ԼҪ󡣵ʱ򣬱ϾԼˣֻԼ˵ˣ֣æǸǣǹǱߣһݹҪǻ߰æһ£Ȼ󹤲Ļּã֪ܲܰһѣҺûȥ
˵꣬㿴˿ɫûʲô仯ŰһģϾǰԻϢ׸һǱߵĴ˵飬Ȼ֪ܲڻһ飬Գ
ǶԣҲ൱һİˣǰ˵ڵѾûʲôȤˣԸΪǾԸɴ͵ţУǸҿ
ǼӦˣڣϽֽĵݸ壬ӹһҲȨ֮ڣֱӰǰ¸ˣȻˣ߰ɣ߹æͲдˡ
ʱҲȻǿû˼Ȼٺɣ׹ϵǿ䵭ı飬ֻգϾѾԵˣٴȥᷳԺʱ˿Ͳˣûж͸ϽŶȥȥˡ
ܿ͸ЧʵذͷĹˣȻƽʱ˲ʱظȥֻսҪĶӡ
˶ӸҪ񣬶Ӿ͵ҲûˣԼЩˣȽȥʽɣҵȻعˡ
ᰲصڵʱģ֪ЩˣӽύʮּɵȻĽҲһģϾҲسҪע佻룬˿ࡣ
ҲûжתᰲͳȥŻȥԻؾһڶμˣһȥϵʱģʱҲûϸμˣлϸ˿ӡ
֮ǰӱ仯ܴ󣬸ҲˣǰҲҪ˲٣ҲֻʣһǰӰӡҲΪѾ˽ӴˣòɳԲű仯Ĵ
ȥ֮Ϊæһˣȼϴһ£һ·ȥ
ôûﲻģŸոճɢķ
ûУСһﵹǲңҲûʲôġ
Ǿͺãոնӵʲôģʵ
֮ǰҽߵʱڣҪ˵ȥֻ˵Ƿ纮ĸҲ֪УֻΪҷ纮أЩģŲʵôˡ
ȻǾͺáˣ﷿²һ£оô
ļҾʲôģͷǳɻʱðģһֱûлڷˣЩǻдǵȴЩˣҪǲСĿĵˣ롣ȻԺСǲһ򣬾һŵúá
˼Ӽ´һ׼ҾߣǽȫĥԲΣԲĵˡȥŪë̺ĵȫϣһǷֹŵ״ˤҲë̺֮ȻˤҲܼȣ˺СЩ
ë̺ҪʱѲСЩȫĿǷΧ֮ڣеȥë̺
ë̺ͷɳҲ˺üʱš
ţõòͷˡЦŻص


124 ս   ڷеůġ
ڷеů, е뵽ˣ˵ķȫŮӻǰڻеķ, ںҡ
Ϊ, ʹɻ꣬ǻǰǸ޽ĵķ, û˹ĹĶǣ, ǰΪĸ鷳ĶԼϵһ˿ǳҲ伣ÿ, ĸҪһ޵úˡ
ʱҲĸΪ̫ҽ, ȻѾͻʵ˵, ĸ󣬵ǵײԽһú, ̫ҽʱҲ˵һ̥ȣһҲûʲôΣա
Ͱ뷨˷ȻЩķȥʱһʲô, Ҳ֪ԺСֻõӦõ, Ҳܰһʺ, ȥʱҪС, ע, ߶, ȻҲġ
ЦӦˡ
ʺȷڵŮ, ʹ˶ȥ, Լûۿﲻ̤ʵֻһһŮ˷ʮĶӣ˵ŮĸζΪ
֮, ʺŮӺģǷġԭڻʵʱҲûк˵Լе飬ǵĵĸ֪ˣһֱʱǴº˵ġ
ڽ˹ʺô˽ԼŮ˵Լʲô鶼ûлʺҲš̲סԼеĸ˵ˡ
ʺŮеϢȻϲѣɻˣһֱûлУȻ˵Դ˲⣬ǻʺ̲סģһԼŮĲô죬ĵʱΪ϶
Ȼڶ⣬ҲѱԺ޸ʵ۵ʱ򣬸տʼһֱûУŻ˷ʵҲ˵⣬Ǻ˱Ů֮Ϊ˴ӶԹ谮мӡõģȻֵ÷ǳɿŮһֱûУʺǡ
ŮеϢǰˡΪǵһ̥϶ûʲô飬ʺ˽¸Ůȥ˼о֣ʱչŮ
Ȼ첻ôǻʺǵŮռϷ磬һκ֪Ů֮ɥĲʹȥɼȥʱǳСģֻŮһʧضȹǰ¡
֪ǾʮַḻģԼ˽²⼸ֵĵϸȷ϶ûʲô֮󣬲ǵչˡ
ΪӦսںѾʾˣҳҲӦóô˻ɸΪ񲯣ȻսŴȥñ߹صİպͽʿԽԽ࣬Ҳ˲ơ
ԣΪӦóȥðЩ˴ҲðͷҴܳҲǺַģ֮ǰЩɱôգЩǿһʹġ
߹ǱԴӼǰ˾ʼսһֱϣսҲ˲٣һΣֽλһֱŽʿǷսǰ棬˫һֱšһʱ䣬Ǳߺ˵ĹƱˣ͸¶͵˼
Ȼ֪Ƿթǳս͵ɻǳһš
ȻƷĻɣʱ򣬳λжڷԣȻֲȥ˵ˡվںţһĶãһЩ͢سķԣһŽȥøʲôΪеԵʣζҲЩˣ徭ȥʱѰ㲻һĶȥԡ
壬˵һ˵Լ뷨ɡ
ţ˻Ϻ֡ЩȻϻֱӵ֣ǸϽվصر£ΪܺǼװʾʾӦ÷ɾ裬ʱӦóʤ׷һҪҴܹǽˡȻǴ˴һʾãͬǵͣԺǿ϶޿֣űµĿݣҴܱ߹ءҵʱܱߵС˵ҲѧģС
˶ּʮǰ͵ʱҲƲ𣿵ڻʮ꣬Щ˾Ѿ֮ǰĳŵˡΪʮǰѾǸЩ˻ˣڱô˻ݺݵذѺ˴ˣ֮£ǲسҲ˲ܱҴܱ߹ؼʮصĺƽ
սȷ߹صİյҲܵӰ죬ֻһݵؽ׽ԺôܵһֱսĽʿǿлӱ߹ػĸ޶ñ߹ذǲյео
ϲսǴؿǼᶨս
ţ֪ˡθ뷨أ˵ǬĻ֮󣬲ûб̬Ǽһˡ
ԴҲûʲô⣬ͻսһ£Ͽ϶һ˵뷨֮¶ĵ׸ô껰ּվԼԭλãλ˴ǹལؼ۲ݡ۵ļҳ̶ȣһʱƲᳳĽ
ôˣ߹ھΣ𣿡Щŵʵ
ȻҲܴڱ߹صϢǱϾûгϵϢֻͨյϢ˵߹Ǳھţ֪ľԶԾ˾ֽЩġ
忴ŷǵı飬ϽʼϾϴ̫ҽ˵ˣиܹǣһ̥á
ģȻ߹ؾЩţӦֽռϷ磬ֽǿ϶µġ͵
Ǿͺãֻ¾˾˼ĻֻǱŲǣһ˾ʲô£ĸ϶Ҳĵġ
֮һֱΪ۲ݣû۳߹صϢִˡԭ֮ǰ˵ʾǼٵģֻô߷ɾ裬óû͵ϮֽξǱ߰ҹ͵ϮߵĽʿǺܿͷӦ˹ûúռ̫ˣҲǵıʧˡ
ֻǻһϢҲһˡ
߹ؽʿĹǣΪر߹صֽ͵Ϯˡ
Ϊֽĸˣԭ˻֮ʤҲһӰȻˣǱΪжֽˣʱ֮ǰԵỊ̇ˡ
ʱ򣬾еʿʮֵԣȻֽ˸ʿǴ˺ܴӰ졣߹ǱߴϢҲ˵ˣֽȻأǲû˼ֻǻҪٴܺá
ڱ߹ǽʱ̣ǱΪֽˣƸ͡ʱٳҲǾдɣû˱ȵֽڱ߹ʮ˸˽ζԵˡ
ʿܾôȥˣʱһз˴Żϵοʵ߹ʿѡȻǻ֮á
ֻȴǷˡ


125 ǰ߹   Ǭѹ˿ݡ
Ǭѹ˿, ǲȥġΪĺѡˣȷǳ˻ʵ֮⣬ܴҵѡˡ
ɻȥ, ϶Թʿ, ýʿǿ͢ǵӡһ߹صĽʿǲΪ, רĵǰԡѪս
Ǭֻӣս֮, , ʹں, Ҳ֮ǡĸȥ, Ǭ۶Щ᲻á
ӽ곤ǰ껹δɵʱ, ڳվӵֶ˲١Ҫһȥѱ·ϲᱻ˰㣬ûȥ޻, һʣµǸȻͳΪӮҡ
Ǭö໹, Ͳⷽ, ʧȥһӡֻ, ЩҲһֱûӳ, Ҳǲ̫ˡ
Ծ, ֮ջҲ̫, Ӿǳ߹صս, пڱְĻ̫ˣֻǧûǧշģǬ۲Ը, ȻһӶԸȥ
ֻǱ߹ǱʿͳһȥǱ߹ʿ˽֡
Ǭټ˼λسһ˴죬ڵõһʵѡ
ѡǷڳеĻɣ塣
䲻ǻˣΪҲǼ˵ϵߣҪߵʱ򣬱ʱʹȥ߹أҲǱ˶Ա߹ؽʿӡӱ߹صĽʿǣڣ뿪޶ȥ߹أ
ǬҲ֪ίǳ壬ҲȷûʵѡˣҲֻˡ
ƽȥ֮ʰʰ֮¹ƻὫ߹ȥȶġ
ʱѾнĸˣҲǷֲմڼ⻳еϢȻҲ˳ȥ
δθȻҲ֪ԼѧеģҪѧɷţֻײܷλ˵飬ϾµȣҲֻˡ
˹Ȼǳһôȥǰ˵󳼶ǱѧҪģôֵѧأ
ҪΪһȥǹʿλӻбʱ֮Ȼǲյģƽ䲻ǻ֮ˣǵȢ˷ҲЩմλѡ˳δθҲ֪һȥԲǸò£ҲԼѧȥսۣʱһô죿һֱѧӿģȻҲȥֻǻΪ
Ǹ֮ˣȻҲе֮Ҳ֪ԼһǷȥˡһ϶ͲڷˣһȥǴ꣬ʱ϶Ǹϲġʱ򱾾Σգʱ򻹲ڷߣⵣǺھΡ
ȥ֮ûаͷ˵ûøô˵ֻϸ졣
ûǬ۱ڳΪѺǰ߹أԴȥ߹ؽʿʿ
ϵҲ֪ȥգҲȻû˷ԡ
ѾּˣغܿϢܴʱҲȥˣھͷ̹顣
ֻû뵽֪飬ĸþϢҲͨģô飬ôܲ˵أȥɣõңԻڼչ˺Լ㣬սۣһҪ˺ҪˣҿɻһӰء
ģЩҶõģֻίˣҲܰԭԼ߿ǵĺӳˡЩź˵
ֻҪƽˣ˱߹أҿһ˾˵ˣȻǵøҼŻҲҰġ
һһӦ
ܿ㵽̵ӣѺݵĶ̤ȥ߹ص·ڻȫĹٵ޵Ĳˣȫˮ·ͨ߹ص·ǵ޽ʱ֮ء
ˮ·ϣǰʱҪ౶һѺݵĶоҲ࣬ԤƵ߹صʱ˲١
ǵʱ߸ոսһСսۣʿžӪﻹûӴĽʿҲ¹۲һ
ʮǰңΪǮǱЩӣ˹֮ÿ궼׬д󲿷ֵӯǻ˱߹أΪ߹ص̬Խأ͢ǱȻҲٸǰ˿۾ãߵĽʿǾ㲻ҲҪŶȥսʱȻǸսϢΧвٽʿھѲߣɴ˿ɼֽξֽ֮ľһ㡣
û۲ãһУߵӱĩǰӭ˧һ𡣡


126 ֽ       Ȼ⡭
Ȼ, ֮һ˧֮С
Ϊֽ˵Եʣ˧ΧвٽʿڿţʮɭϡȥݴǱȽϸ, ֽĸ, ĽʿֻһͽǷŽȥˡ
Ѿˡ
, ȳȥɣʱһ㡣ֽ
, ¾ȸˡ˵ͳȥ, һڼֽ
Щ, ֮ǰϢ˵, ֽӦ˵ĺأһʱӦҲò, ֻǷֽ˵ʱȴʮ㣬һҲδ֮ˡ֪ոˣֻϰ֮˵ͱƽ˺һЩ, ԲأȻЩɻ󣬵岢ûбֳ
ֽ, , ļ, в֮ȻֽǷľ˾, 嵽ûм, Ҳûд, ˵ʮֿ, ûϵ
ֽʱҲϸϸ壬ɻʱյϢ˵ģֻڱ߹زܻȥ, ֻ˾˵ĺҲȻûмŮһȻǺ֮ǰ˵һǱã⵹ҲŮˡ
ֽڶԼŮ⣬Цŵǲʲôʣ˵رţϾǷһȻͬ
ոպĸ˵ʱ򣬿˿ûΣͲŮûʲôʡ
ʱҲˣոյȷĴҸոȴӣ֪Ƿʲô飿
ûǶԵġ˵ֽͻȻվǰ
۲ֽֽҲǲ֮ˡ
ʵҵʱܵľˣ˵Ǹ۷ҪΪʹ˷ɾ裬һδսʱ򣬴һ䲻⡣
ԭˣ¾ͷˣڵģҹ֮úÿһôˣøϽŰһأʱʺҲǹġֱֽӽһ¸˵ʱҲһ㣬ֽ˹ϵ
Ҷ⴫أûиһغò֮ǰսҲû¶棬ټֹú˰ھе֪̽ҵԽԽأںǱȻҲŽɣǴѾˡΪ˼ƻȻҲܽթ˵ϢؾǣȻͺ׽Ϣ©ȥ¹һȴҲ÷ǵˣ⵹ҵĲˡֽЩε˵
ʱҲֽ֪ԼʮˣȻֽȫԼš
幰ֵһҲΪҴܣǷͻʺ֪࣬ҲȻｫϾûʲôá
ţα߹ߵս۽ˣ˹δʮ궼ʱʦسʱҲȥͻʺˡʮûˣ֪ڳôˡֽ̾
ֽྩǱߵ飬˽һʱ
֮ǰֽͻȻ˵ʱʱҪ˯ţʱȥ㡣˵໰ֽͲٶ˵ˡ
һ˲ֽ˼ͷʾԼ֪֮ųȥ
ֽıӰ̾ſʱտʼʱС䲻Ůأֻƾʵ֤ԼҲû˷
Ȼ壬ֻΪԼŮǷΪ֮ǰΪ
廹ûкͷɻʱҲǮ˹ʱѾͨǮ֪ˡΪ֮ǰ곯͢˿۾õʱ򣬾еĽʿǿ϶ò̹
Ǯ￴ǰΪƷСʱ򣬲ŻὫԼթ˵˵ˣûڹ
ѺݵĴôʱ·ŵ˱߹ȻҲ۵ġһȥֽ֮⣬֮ԼϢˣûھмˡ
ҹʱʱΪֽĻû˯֮Ȼչʱûã͵͵
͵͵ߵһƫʴȥ֮ŷ˲ˣȻҲֽ
ڽʿɻΪʲôμأ֮ǰÿγ͢ɼʱ ѼһԣӲü־֮ôˣ


127 /ҩ   ˵ҲЩʿɻ󡭡
˵ҲЩʿɻ, ڱ߹أھǱߵϢȷҲ̸ͨټǵһ, ûüھнԼ, ԽʿȻҲ֪˭
ЩʿǱͶγ͢ļûʲôӡΪÿγ͢ļ, ǳ˻Լھָֺֻ, ʲô, ʿǰЩ, ֻܶǶ, ͲˬþˡʱȻҲȥ˼ȥļʲôݡ
ֽȻҲԼɻģһ֮, Ȼܵǳ͢ڳλɣ˵Ҳմ״, ȢӱǱŮʮǰʱǹеʱʮĸġ
ֽͰǹϸĽһ, ҲΪ, ĿľѸ, Ⱥ˽ܡ
ʱЩ˶ԳƵֽĸ, ȻҲ֪ʮǰǶʱһֱ˿۵ʱ, ΪǱߵĹ׬֮һֱԴԴϵ, ǲųŹǶʱ, ʿǲһѵػķѵȥضȹѹء
ʱ֪ǱߵĹܽμеϵȻͶ˲ٺøСȢĻǽŮ, ҲΪνˡ
֪Щλ幰ֵãҹˡ
幰ֻصҲؽˣֱӽƽɡ¿ɲλ࣬⻹Ҫлλأλ֮ͣǱ㰲ȣ߹صİôһš
ˣˡ⼸λҲ⻰˵Ĳ˼ˣôսɱΪ˱ܵõһ϶жˡҲ͸ˣⲻֽŮˣǻ˵ǰЩ۸ڶļ֪õжٱ
ֽô˾룬ҲҲˣ͵ڴ°ɣǽ̸һôߡ
ûһᣬΪʲôҪҹˡ
ԭ֮ǰΪ˸һֽӵļֽһֱԲڴﲻ֮ǴԽԽأ͵һˣд¸Ƕµ潫ƹܡ
ʵϱʩĻֻֽǾ˶ӣвٵо̽ӣΪ˲թ˵Ϣȥֻֽܰҹ͵͵潫Ҳλһ顣ֽдȨݽ潫֮潫ᾭټһ飬ʱ鵽ҹҲǺܳģҲɡ
˺ܽƻ֮ǰôսһֱ̽Ŀľ뿴ҵǲˡ̽ôҶûг֣ҹһΣǱ᳹¶ˣսһ֮Ӧþͻˡʲô뷨˵
ĩΪοʹý֮ƣȼװսܣȻյ룬ǹУ֮ʱ䣬һȥ͵Ϯ˵ĴӪ潫ǰ
ֻǽǹҲһ£Ǳ߲һס˵ĵطסˣҾҪƹȥҲһ⡣һλ˵
ǹһϿȣɽ嶼ɽʯɣҪҲѡΪǹǴӱ߹ȥ˴Ӫıؾ֮·˫ҲδǶԵо
ǹȵȷǸ⣬ȥһطסΧֻǸ⣬ϾŲԣʱ϶ԭ·ءǿɻн飿ֽ˼һ˵
ڽĬˡʵϲûа취סֻ̫ȫȥȥѵ
ֽҲ֪˷ʵʩ̫ѣԾ͵Ȼˣô˼ƾȷŰɣ˿ɻб뷨
ղ岢ûвμֻۣһԣһλŵͼ߹ߵĵĵλо·ȡļͲλϸһ֮Ͼܼסˡ
ûͶԱ߹һŵ˽ˣһʼʱߵ֪֮ˡֽ۵ʱҲʱ͵зСĴ۽ǹɻøոǸƲߣ
ֽתͷ˵ǸոǸƲȻǻõģ֪ƽʲô߼
߼ȴ̸ϣżȻһص
û£˵޷㲻УҲṩһ˼·ֽ
ֽ֪˵/ҩʵ
ȻôˣֽЩɻ󣬻/ҩͽоǹʲôϵ
ֻҪо𣿴оȫչȺǿû/ҩըɽʯʱɽʯͽǵ·ϣûиĹǾԳȥ
ֽЩɻˣ˵Ļ/ҩͬһֶôǵ/ҩôģ
/ҩôȻըɽʯԱһʵ
֮ǰ˽ܳڻ/ҩⷽķչȻ/ҩѾս֮õȴ١ҲսʹùʽͶʯصķըըȻҲһ˺󣬶ҲʱҲһѣȥ֮/ҩЧʧҲǳз
˵ʱĻ/ҩһɱ˵һֻѧжɲ٣繯顣֪ʷУڱĩֹġڡסɱԴһЩܳһֱûгֹġһȱԻ˶ĿΪ/ҩըʱֺܶ
Ȼֻ/ҩܣȴóһĻ/ҩӡⷽһʵ֮ǰҵʱ򽻸ҵģһΪо/ҩԹʮֲ⣬ǰڰ޴Ļ/ҩоˣֻǻûü鼸Σ㲡ˣֻܽ/ҩиҡ˵
ܲ˵µ޴Ļ/ҩԼİɣϾоɲСǰԼϣһ֪Ǽٵģֻôһ
ⷽǷţֽȻҲ/ҩ˵޴󣬻δ̴ôĺôҲЩ
˵Լ˼֮ԹˣӦÿš
ãͿȥһˡ潫ҲȥͽˣֻмҪСģ˶ӣǧҪϢ©ȥ
ĩһô£İɡ潫
ֽ潫ȻǷĵģȻҲթڼ佫дȨˣ潫ĻǺãˣ/ҩŪ֮ټ顣
ΪֽǱܿߵģԲ̫ܶãǵ˾ͺױ˷֣˵ȥˡ
ֽ֮ʣµļλҲ׼ȥˣ
ڶΪֽˡֻ潫ӴҪһԭҪȶģʿģĿģܿʹС
еĽʿȫ֪ļʮᣬǰ;ܱµأȢûǱΨһŮܳΨһĹ˵ӷҪˣʱȴɹԿɼ¶Ǳ߹ؽʿĿˡһʱ֮еʿҲ˲С֮ǰֽ˵ҲɢЩ
Ϊʵ/ҩʱ򶯾̫ԲھӪʵ飬Ӫео̽ӵģ潫һƲߡ
װ£Ǳս֮ʱǿӲҪһȥһ羰֮ؿ羰ϾǶˣһ㶼֣Ҳû˻ỳɡΪʧ潫ȻҪһȥԷ֡
ȳӪկ֮ȼٰ潫ȥ羰潫һȥ෴Ӫկʮĵطȥʵ/ҩˡ
ӣ̽ǱߴϢˣܾһ壬ݻһ㣬ǱΨһ˵ǹڻжںɴܳ潫ųȥ羰ȥˡ
Ŷֶȷ˵ĺأԳ͢һ㹻صȶˡͻʴ˵
ʱֶ˼֣ȻǱߵĳ͢Ҳڻ뿪޶ܵ߹
˵ļǸ潫ȥ羰һ㶼֣ܳǱߵĶ˲ŪīŪ¡ݹأȻǸ潫ͲòˡʱǸ潫϶ɣǰ̽ӴϢܳǱߵľļһǲܻӭġ
ˣٴȥǱ߼Σ̽һ£ȻŸǼ죬һºŴϡͻʴʱ¶˾ģ׼ǼǱһ𹥴ܾˡ


128 ս   ֮ǰǼǱҪ󣬡
֮ǰǼǱҪ, ǴӦ𣿡
ŴӦȰҪȥӻص
ҪǱ߲Ӧô죿ЩġĵĵĲûеģǼǱ߱ͲǺ, °˵֮, Ǳ߻᲻ͬ
ϾҪˣǱ߹ҲҪȥ, ȥҲ᲻ӦοһʼʨӴ󿪿, Ҫǻõ, ʲôõ, ԭܺĿɲֹ, ҪЩʱˡĵ˵
ǣ֪ˡ
ǼǱҲû취, ҪǲӦǽĶƾ͸ùȥˣͻʵĴӾǿһŸǡҪⳡ̴Ӯ˵Ļ, ǽͲóˡʱ򾡹ʮǼ컹ǰͻʴ˵, ʼپ, ǱߴϢٴȥǻϡ
, ڿԿʼ𣿡潫ʵ
һ, ٴԶһ, ƿ϶ܴ, ԶһԷֹನ, ҵʱɳʯɽΧҲ϶Შ͵
ãԶһ㡣Ȼô˵, 潫ȻɣԼµЦ
潫˺м׵ʱǱߵĸȼߵĽʿſʼжյȼûã顱ıը˲ʱɳʯɽǱ߼׶ܸܵЩ𶯵졣
ǱѡĵȼߵʿǸܵģҲ㹻Ȼһըɲͨ˿Գܵġ
ãããдҴο϶ʤ͹ȥһɣ潫̲ס˵
һȣһ滹ûըأǻǵǱߵĳȫɢ춼ʧ֮ȥɡȰ
˵ǣǾٵһȡ潫Цŵ
ȹһӣź潫һȥȥʱ򣬵ǴɽϹɽʯšĵطԵرըһİݡҿӪʮĵط飬Ȼ͸ոǹɵضɽҡĶ϶Сĺ䶯
潫ΧϸؿһȦЩ˷ܵ˵ڸϽȥֽɣŽϢ϶ܸˡ
ȻʵѾɹˣô֮ǰļƻˡ
ԬʱŽʿȥǹ֮á
潫⼸ǵоȳŸ죬ճǲǱɥʧ֮Ϊȷ棬ȥӭսоֻҪע⣬սʱˣоӪһҾǵıʱǲ¶ȫ
սʱ򣬾ɼǹȵȵоס֮ӭսȥǵĴӪ

ֽһһϸŵ
ǣ
֮ͻʴɱ̽˼ΣܳߵľһβһΣǴýڽڰˡڴǱ߰̽ҲٴδϢ˵ܾʿֿʼȥƾȨ潫Ϊ֮ǰ⼸̣ȥӭսĽֵòѾŻ´Ҫȥӭսˡ
ͻʴˣЦˣּһֱǵĸ󻼣֮ǰòɱּ˾ʣֶһˣû뵽ֶĸǶνȫֶ˴ˡ
̽ôΣֶˣȻôŴǱһֱսܡƾȨ潫ҲǵãǰǸֶһͨĽˣûʲô̫ڴǱѾֵ˵ˣûʲôܴˡ
ŸǼ죬̴Ϲ
ǣӡ
ȷҪҪǴǱˣթô죿ʧˣŷŭǼǱɲýѽ˵ˡֿҪѽܵ㵣ѽһʹӲԸĶӲͨƿ˽
˭㲻ͨͽģɱˣǰͳ˧֮λҵģʲôͲζˡӲм˵
ɱߴĿͻʶ֮һıҪʧˣôȥеŭɡΪӲӣӵĻҲǵʧܺʧ̫֮һ̯ӣǲġ
ڿʧܣΪֻŻὫ֧ӽⲻҪһ֧ʧ˴Ӳдľӡ
ͻǱһ֧ӣǼ˵ġ
û£ⲻ󣬻ǰԭƻСֽʵĵһԱţ֮ǰļƻûʲôı䡣
о߻ʮ
Уˣ潫ǰȥӭ
ڷˣ潫Ŵ˸ȥ
ɱ
ֵǣɱ尡Ȼߵľ֮ǰΪЩʿͳʱΪסоûк͵µĽʿ˵֮ǰġ̡Ǽٵࡣĵ˴սʱÿһ˶˶־ûһʿǺ˵ġ
ã潫ˡʱͻȻ˺һȻѪѪ˳ŵ
죬ˣڻ潫ֽѾ˲ˣҪ潫ˣ͸ˣʱܱ߸ոںսĽʿϽϻ潫߱潫
潫ʱȻҲǼװģʹףȻΪЧòõоһ˿ڲΪӪ˵ӣϻѪģڿЧȷ
ˣˣҸϽˡ
ˣߵ
ӣոҾȷвĿ˴Ǳʾ潫ѪӣǼٵġ
ãҺ׷


129 ǹ   潫װˣ
潫װ, ߵĽʿǻˣͻʴʱȻǲԸûᣬǵͷֶֽ˲, ܾƳƾȨ潫ҲĿ֮, μֱ춼Ҫλ, ֪ȶһõʱ
ʱҲˣ˴ȥ, ǼǱ߲Ҫи, ߵĴһ׷, ȻֽӪǱߵֵһ, һСء
ǸҲӪȻǸܵܵҰ, ս϶ᰲ֣˵ûʹӣ̫֪ܵܵ˼, ѾȨʱܵͲˡ
ǼǱȻҲյϢ, ֪˴Ǳߵͳ˧ո˵Ϣ, ʱҲʮ˷, ͻ˵, ʹŴǰ塣ȻͻǱԼó֮Եõĺôǹ̶, Ǹõõĳ͡
Ҫȹ, ʱĶǶǲ, ϾʱǿûڳڡʱͿıߵȹȥˣȹȥĳ⣬ʣµһһֻܺҲûа취
Ѿȥ֪ͨļ𣿡װ˵潫һ߳һߵ
ȥ, ǱӦúܿյϢǰѵоȥ֮ǰ׼ص
ߵľѸٵسˣܣͻʻǼɵĴҲǴ˼Ѫһ׷ᡣ
ǹȻһҾ͵ˡ
ãôץˣѸٸǹȡ潫
죬Ͻˣ
ʱǹȣš潫ʴǹʱǰңôٶʱͻʺǼ˵Ĵ󲿷Ѿȫǹȡ
飡
飡
ѰźõĽʿǿ׼ʱѸٵȼߣʱһը𣬺ǹȳںڵɽ忪ʼɽʯѸٹ䣬ûñ㽫ȫϡ
ʲô
鷢ŭ𣿸ոôضˣ
ұѹסˣ
ͻʺǼ˵ĴԴʱɽѵĳʱ޴룬Ļ̡̻
ͻʴʱҲˣҲ֪ô£֪϶ǴǱ߸Ĺ
󳷣ûа취棬Ҳ֪ôˣֻôȳˡ
ӣˣоʯ·һʱȥ
ǸϽȥѾʯƿŭ
֮ǰû뵽ܻطֱӴģ˵ˣֻǲ֪ǱߵʹʲôֶβŪ㶯
ǱߵǼҲҴӻϣȻҲǱ⶯סˣ֪ôźá
Ȼɽʯߵ·סˣҲȥʱҲ˲ˣϽĻ֮£СĵʱϹǼҲѧͻʴȥ
֮ǰ潫ƻʱϵ˵·ɽʯϵʱ򣬵оȥаš
񵯵ը|ҩ嵱ʱҲһƳˣȻ֪ɱ̫󣬻ɱʱΪսΪ˱߹شܵİգջѡ˳
ͻʴӻǼʱͻȻ顱һըǸոһ͸ܵ𶯣ûץȣһˤȥ
ʱͷһͿըһԱ߻౻ըѪ콫ʿʬ塣
⵽ʲôͻʴӾֵǰǼǱߵĻ|ҩģǡɱǳСҲǶˣڵʲôȻǰ֡ĶʮƵģȻ
ûüʱ룬ͷɽʯдܵĽʿŹָǣࡣµĻ֮¼ģֻնʱʹ
˶ȥ߿ɾͲˣ漧ǵļƳһֽСȡĶŵо
Ϊǹ߲󲿷ֵһͷֻмһСֵ˹ˡߴ˲Ƴը|ҩ
ź껰֮ʦͽĵоֱӵӼȥ׼
䣬飡飡ıըٴ𣬶ʱ򹭼Ҳʼȥո˲ٱеȥڻµͻӺǼʱҲòϽȥҸȫĵطµļ
˷ͶеɱߵĹͼˡ˼仰
ǲûнͻʻǼ˵Ĵȫɱ뷨ǹڱסĵоҲʮˣȫɱɱҲδˡ
ͻʺǼ˵ĴҲӶıըŵˣΧըĿȫǵͬ飬˶ʼˣ̲סմǱ˵ģ£Ͷ
ʱͻʴӻͼĶʿɱһ· ʱʿͱˣһЩİմ˵ĶŵòҶ
濴ŵܻŵͻʴӣӹԱݹĹ׼֮󣬳ͻһ˹ȥ
ȻûнͻӸܿҪϾһͻʵٴ̸еʱҪĺô
ͻһˣʱһţǼʱҲȻ֪ӲȥȻҲðͷͻһһ
ڴߵը|ҩйв£ͻʺǼɵĴܿȫ˼ȥսɣһ̲ͣضţֱһȥ
һߣ潫Ų˵Ķһǲ֮ǰֵС·ƹǹȣֱͻʴӪկ
С·ΪкҪܵһȥ֮ǰһֱûд߹ϾͻʻǱߴȫӪأϷص£ͨС·ƹȥͻϮҲûжá
ڲͬʱͻʺǼ˵ĴѾǹǱˣӪկǱѾûˣʱʾȥ״һֲ
潫˺ܿͨС·ƹǹȣ˲ԭϡǽӽͻӪկʱ򣬷ΧķعȻɢûжˡ
ȥջ٣˸ȥסͻʵĶӡ潫
ʱӪկͻʶЩܾʲôᷢԽԽ꣬ʱ뵽ʱǸûӵĴֽ󲿷ֵĶ鶼֮ǰӦôŸֹġ
ܵľӹˣǱ߱ջˡ
ʲôҳȥͻʶ˲侪ˣôأܵľôܹأǸδȥĿжʮˣǶʮôȫû
ֻǻûеȥһϤӰʹŽ˽
ˣ


130 ÷²   ˲Ǳˣǡ
˲Ǳ, ǴǱ֮ǰһֱˡֽӾˣţֽὣ, æ, ֵ㲻ô⣿ѵ֮ǰ̽ӴصϢǼٵģ
ֽûȤشӵʣֻϽס, ȻʰߵսƷȥû뵽ǸͻʴôţȻӪֻ, ԭŴŲ˵ĶҪսһ, û뵽ôס
ͻʶȻҪ, ֻôùֽսɱ, ûغϣͱֽŵĴ, һ߷˵ϡ
ѹȥֽýͻʶӵĲϣȻ˵
ʱͻʱҲһ, ԶݵĵطѾȼܴŨڵϷնҪ
ֽѺŶӳ, öЩʣµĲбܽϽͶ, Ȼó, ǿ˿һֱԼϵǱ, , վԼҪ, Ͼܽûнɱ֤ô, ʱ϶ᱻŻȥҪڶһʱͲˡ
ͻʶֻֽܰҪʣµ˸Ͻ¡ʱв֮˳ȥ, ȥͻʴ󺹱ȥġ
ֽҲûȥ׷Ͼûмӳȥŵˣǻôȥͻʴ󺹽ء
ͻʴڳȥӺͶӣĶӿɶǳ̵أҲˣҲ˶ˣҪ˵Ķӳ£ͻʴλû˼̳У͸䵽Щĸˡ
ֽһ㶼ŵûôͻʴ󺹲ܲӡ
ʰսƷȥֽ
սôףһΪͻʴ̫ˣܾ֮޿֮ˣʿļ󣬰Ѵ󲿷ֵľӶˣΪóը|ҩͻʴӺǼ˵ĴǹûлյϢɱȥúúллŮˣֽ뵽
һ󣬴ܾӪʮλֽ˧֮С
οԴȫʤλĹͣڴлλˡֵֽ
ĩӦġĽЦŻص
սڸһ䣬ҲܷһˣƽʱսŵʱЦֻʱҶʤϢȾˣ̲ס϶ЩЦ⡣
ֽҲЦͻʴʱ϶ҲյϢˣٹͻ˹̸ˣʱúݺǳһѪСδսȥ߹Ӧٰʮ꣬Ҳлȥ̽ˣȰʦس֮ҲΪ빦˶۹͡
֮ǰ²ĽʮͻʺǼ˵Ĵô죿Ҳܽȫɱ˰ɣҪţôǣҲܽǷŻȥһλʵ
ֽ֪Ҳһ⣬ҲŵһһģȻʱˣֽ͸ɴôҶЩ顣
ԼͻʴŴЩȥģϾֲܽʮȫɱֻк󻼣ʱôҶЩ飬ûкõĴ
λҲЩҲʤٴΣûĴһӷ²ʮˣЩɱֲɱֲŻȥ̫ôõȷǸ⡣
ں棬˼һҲûλ뵽취һ飬ֻǲ֪ɲУ˵ҿһ£Ȼٶᡣ
ֽԼŮͣҲֵĻᣬ͵û˵ǶĺǿҲһ˵˵ãȸҽ
ˣҾֱ˵ˡΪǾɷŻȥģŻȥǷŻɽ󻼣ʮҲӦͻǱ߽һսǷŻȥûþٴλʵʱ߹ָ㲻ðˡ
߾ͻʴǱߴѪó鱦ţʮȥóҲ϶ޣֵǿ϶ȲʮġҾÿλͻͻʴ󺹻ȡôʣµĽʮĴԽ
ʳ
ԣֻȻǰǵķ²ÿջװ˷Ѳݡ˵͹ǸɿԼܰߵı߹ؽ衣


131    ͵ʱ򡭡
͵ʱ԰Ǵɢ, ֵͬĵطȥֹǻ·˼췴տʼÿֻṩʳҲǳԱ֮Ͷ, Ͷȡʳһ, ൱һʳѵ
ҿ߹ߵˮ·ֻйٵˣԺЩ²·, ߹ذճС·꣬ڳ⸽ѻĵ, ЩĵҲ˷, ʱЩ²껹ǽ˰, һ, Щ²ϵõĿ϶ͻʴڰȥóĶࡣ
ֽ˵ģ̲ס, ķȷܽŻɽֲڰװЩ²˷ʳ
鲻, ԾͰԡ
ֽ϶Ļּ˵⻹һ㿼, ԭϾ޶, ţΪ, Щ²ڳܰһΪ, ȻǸɵġһ, , ϰְݵ, һ̶ǻᱻͬ󲿷ֵ˿϶ǰӡǷɿҲû, ˵ʱǻȥǶԸ⡣
ֽôҲ˲˴˾ٵҪ塣Щ²մܰյʽһͨԸ㣬пǱĬıЩ²˼룬ǵʽڴߣʱϰ˴߰ķ²϶Ժսƫܡ
ϰ˰ݵ㱻ŻȥˣǻӦʽ𣿵ʱЩ²϶ȫ˳ڴܡ
λɻʲô飿ûУͰ˵졣ֽ׵λ˵
λո˵Ľ飬ҲòʱҲûõĴ²ķҲ͵˵ͷͬ˵취
ʱ²ӪǱߣͻʴӻжѵţŵһӻãûʲô˾ͱˣǴӵʱһΪ˲ҲֻǼ򵥸һ£ڻǱˣ״̬һͲá
ʱҲ֪Լ϶ˣܻҸôأҲʮֺ¡˵ˣȻȥ֮󣬸㷢ŭҲͷϣεȫǸûӵĴϣҪãȰͰѴ󲿷ֵ˶ˣôᱻ²ôᱻգ
ܳλᣬøѴֵľȨ˽ͺˣ϶ٷĴʱѾԺ뵽ʱô͸˵øȨˡ
ķǳãֻȫû뵽߸ûд㽫ǽʮķ²Żȥ̲ס߱ŵĴּ䡣ͻʴʱҲû˵֪Լλȥ֮϶ûкùӳԣм˲Ǻ޲˽ɱˣҲˣֻҲֻ룬׻ԼҪ
ͻʴӪǱߣͻʴ󺹺ܿյӱϢȻֻܸϽȥ̸С̸е˻ֽ֮ҪһƽǰмĶϡ
ݺͽ鱦Ȼֻܻӣ²˴ܾȻȫûзŻ˼ֱ̫
޲óȥǱߺݺݵشһ̣ôǱ֪ͻʵֻǴʱȴֻܰסĵĳ嶯Ϊȥ˴Ϣ˵ǱһɱǸܰӴȥĴȫǹСڻȷǱж٣ֻȰ
ȥһ㿼ǣһԭڵλͻʴģȻҲвٲڶнλٴζߡŵĴֻжʮҲͱЩ߰ѣЩĻǵ϶ͱߵĶˡʱϣȻλȥ
ĻڣЩʱʲô˼Щи˼ҪҲ̫ףƵס
ֻȴòʹͻʴ󺹿ŴǱҪʮʹҲû취ֻܳǮ
ֽǴ鱦ݾڳˣڿɷǵλӷˡͻʹ߹˵
ֽˣȥ˴ǡ
ܿͻӾͱѺ˹Ȼ󽻸ͻʹǱߵˡֽѾȥǳݻн鱦˻ˣʱҲٳʲô۶ӡ
ʹ߸׼ӻȥߵֽͳڵȱߣѵͻʴ󺹲ǵɽʯסǹ߳ڣסǴӴĴڱȥһ۽磬֪Σ
ʹȻȥģȻȥܱ֮ߵʱֻܸϽӦ
ֽܿʹͻʹһõĿտ֮أڲԶһѾʯ
ʹߺúÿҴʽɣֽһͻʹߵ
һƣԶ׼˵ĽʿѸٵȼߣȻߡ
žʯը𣬵ӣֽΪͻʹ߸ܵը|ҩûߵرԶվĵطԸܵĻζ
ͻʹʱȻҲǱסûзӦ
֪ǱͻʵĴֵܵס˵ҴҪж٣֮ǰһսҲûö٣ԺҪһδսҵǵ¶ˣһڽսʱЧˡֽĵ˵
ͻʹ걻ŵòᣬʯըɣ滹ըôĶѪ֮Եֵסģʱֻŵŵֽ˵Цˣ˵Цˡ
ֽʹߵģҲ֪ԼĿĴˣҲٶ˵ʹ߻ȥˡ
ʹ߽Ӵȥ֮󣬾͸Ͻȥ󺹰ڴǱ߼ʵ˵˳ͻʴʹߵĻ˲˾첨ʱͻʴҲ˲ȥԼĶӣϽ￪ʼдԲߡ
Ǵֵܴܵסͻʴ󺹽ټһֻͬǸʱҲסˣ벻ʲôüƲߡ
˴ˣģѾĹһд˿ӱͻؾǱˡֽЦļ˵
ֽ֪ӣ϶ĹͣʱϽлֽʥˣҪ˵ٽ϶Ǽٻ
ֽ幰ֳлϽڰ֣⹦Ӧõģֻ£㻹߹ˣʱܻȥˡ
ǻļŮҲ֪ʱҪɷߣֻͻǱߵ黹ûȫֻܼ꣬ˡ
󺹣ǴǱʹš
ţôţҿͻʴ󺹽ӹſ꣬ԽԽˡ


132 ǩԼ   ˵ĲǱģ
˵ĲǱ, Ǻ̸һ£ǱҪͻʹȥ̸ǩԼȥ֮ʮﲻַܱ߾ͬʱÿ껹Ҫȥ, ܻʵÿٳʱҪȥҪ, Լ˵һºʹȥ̸ʱٵ˵
ʱ򣬲ԭϳͻ֮, Ҳյš
Ȼͻʴ󺹲֪ʣµԼʲô, ѾϿ, ֱ˵ԺͻҪΪܵĸ, ͻʵİճΪܻʵ۵ĳ
ͻʴﵱȻǲԸ, ֻû©ϵһ仰Ǿ仰˵ǲӦܵľӲվͻ̤ƽԭ, ʱҪڲԭһǽը|ҩʽλεв
ͻʴ󺹰Ѹټ洫ȥҶĬ, ô죿ҪǲӦȴܾˣֿܵ
ȻҲԸ, û취, ֻõͷӦǩԼ
ͻ֮Ĳ, Ȼ, ͻʹģҪСö, , ûʲôв, ÿһﶬЩ䶼߹ظɧţʤ, ֽҲ˳ЩţλᣬЩһ
ֽ£µϢ˵Ǵԭͻ֮ĲȻûвսҲ֪֮ͻǱ߶Эˣʹȥ̸ˣǵԶԶȲͻʣҲȻҾֻܾҲʹȥˡ
ڴսʤʱ͢Ǳȥ˽ݱͬʱûǩԼһ¡ǱߵǬյݱ֮ȻĴãܿרŸǩԼһ£һ·Ӽϵ˱߹ء
һº󣬴Ӫм˸ʹߡΪͻ֮⣬󲿷ֵʹ߶ûۼը|ҩֻ˵ѣٺҲ޵ģֽΪһǩԼʱ˳˴һȺʹȥϴθͻʹʾը|ҩĵطǵըһΡ
Щʹ߻ʱȻǱһʼӪʵʱʵˣֽص˵ͷ
ЩʹȻǻûдӸոһĻлսսŴһϿҪ󣬲ҡͷ飬һˣը|ҩȥԸǡ
Լǩغ˳ЩʹûһˣͷȫǩˣͬʱǱ֤ԼĲ϶ԼϵĹ涨ԲܣԺÿҲ϶ʵʵ
ǩԼ֮󣬸ʹ׼뿪ʱֽͻȻλǼʹߣ
Щ׼ȥʹһǺԼʱһֻǼʹһʱҲֻӲͷƤվ¾Ǽʹߣ֪к£
ֽǼɻ߹أôǼꣿ
ʹڨڨ⡢ǲꡣһʼʹ˵ģǿֽƵɫæһģ˵Ͼꡣ
ֻǾ꣬Ҳò̫ĶǲѾˡʹ߲
ԴǰǼսܱǼʣµѸپѡһ죬֮ǰڱһ̾ѾˣȻԸΪôһ֮óٶεǼǸͲǰǼлȥһա
ֽȻҲ˴ǼڲֻǺǴʲôϵأ֮ǰǼȻ֮ǰǳսˣڲҪ⳥˭ҪȻ֮ǰսȥĴܽʿǰ
Ǽʹ˵ֽû˾Źֱ˵⳥Ҳǡ𡱵ҪȫǼǸΪ²ǰȥ˼
Ǽʹ߿ЦҲֻܵͷӦʱǸ²Ǽ컹ںͨ²һڵ͹·أͷģȫΪӡ
ֹһ£߹صǸһ䣬ٹһֽǾͽʦسʱҲǺһȥģʱǴһͬ۹͵ʱˡ
ֻʱȴƽǱˣ˵Ѿˣ˸кʹ֪ԼڷʱϲȥǴʱΪԼûڷ߶Щʧ䡣
ãӵİӦܸϣҲǼֵø˵ˡȻд˷ţг÷ԼҪע壬˷ٹһʱܻȥϢ
ܿ͵˴ʦسʱˣӪĽʿʱûвģǶʮûмˣܻȥˣôܲˡ
յǷĻʱ߹ǱߵĴѾˣԱ߻ҡ˯ĺӣ⼸µĵȥڰ


133    ˵ڴҪǳǡ
˵ڴҪǳ, պҪˣ
ڳ͢£İպ֪ܿǴܵľӴʤ̣Ȼ󼴽龩Ϣʱ, پǵİն̸顣
ѽ, ҿǸϽأҺͼСⶼʮû, СҲ֮ǰ˵˾, ˵Ȼ֮ҪˡһŴֲѵͷ˵š
Աŵ, ҲЩĽ, ˾Ժ϶ܵ, ͷԺˡֻҲ֪ҲĽģϾǾƴġҵСܻŻ, ãʵǿ, ֪жٵĵսǻزġ
Ҳûۺ죬Ҳû˵ɨ˵Ļ, ֻ˵˼乧ϲͷ֮͸ˡ
ܿ, ӵʹӳǱ߽ˡʱ򾩳ǵİռȫӼ߳, ڽֵϿʦسʢ, Ϊ̫, ͢ò˵ά
ʿǶǾþɳ, ɱ֮, ԰տһ۾ܸܵӭơʱȴвٵСӣӽֱߵĸ¥Ӿ
ƾΪҲھӵǰ档һ·ʢ֮״ԪνֵʱҲضá
, ͻȻ̧ͷһƳȻ˷ӰٶϸǹȻǷŽֱվ¥ϴߵķСȵĻ˻֣֮Цһ£ҲһӹľŽ
ΪֽڽʿҪȽϣʱͲȻȥǸճûõĺˡ
Ҳûа취飬ÿΰʦسǹȻ⡣ֻðסȵ飬ŸŶǰߡô춼ѾȹˣҲһʱˡ
ǬҲ֪һ·ڽʿоͶ٣ʮࡣΪչʾԽʿǵĿ֮ģֻ˽ʿǼ䣬ȹȥˣȻ˵֮پٰᣬ۹͡
ڽʿȻûʲôģмھеģ͵ȲȥͼžˡϾҲܲˣ۹Ͷһһȣȥž۲Ǵ¡ʱлȥ
һظʱһֱųԶŻظҪԡϰߣһֱڸ֪ϰߵĺҲѾպˮ͸ϽȥԡԡȥͺӡȻһ·糾͵ģϴԡһôȥӡ
ЩˣˡһˣһʱӦҲὫɣԺҲʱܺúˡԷ
Ҳû˵࣬ĸʱӹﲦ̫ҽҰ͵ĲƷڶû꣬ȫ˿ⷿʱʦĸҲңҲҲ١Цŵ
˵ʦĸδθηˣΪδθǷ嵱ӿȥ˱߹أֻһڼңһηȻ۵ģʱʱ͹ʱûտģҲܰһ¡
ˣ㻹ûпǵĺء˵䡣
Ӵʼ龩ʱͿʼͷĺӵ׳ʲôˣֻﵽǷĵλЩûһԡȥӣȼ˵˻Ự
ʱ˯Ҳ˶ˣǹȥʱ򣬺Ӹպ۾
۾ؽӴҡһѱҡű߶սǻûм׵ء
ԣ˹ȥϸع۲ͷһӡò˵˸ĸоĺΪˣһξĸо
Ӽֱͷŵ㳤ģȻڻֻǸСӤǾѾպ󳤴ʱĿģˡҲ׵۵˾ʵˣԴӳ֮󲻾ãвˣÿһ˶˵ӳúá
ȥ߹֮ǰѾͷӵСˣͽаܺŮʱСڴͷ׼һһŮŮкֻû뵽⵽ͷࡢʾ֭һûϡ
Ϊӳ֮⹬Ǭ֪󣬾͸ӴˣݡһǬ۵ĵһﱲŮʱͰɵ˱߹أҲŽӴһϾʱܵõʵ۴һ˲õĶ衣
ͷָĸֻ˵ǷǳźˣϼȻѾˣôܾܾԺӵĴͽˡжôõԢ⣬ʱͷûһʼԼֺ
ڷָ£һαԼĶӣٴеģ֪ĻΪﱧըءʱЩҶˣСӤôһСľͰѺˤˡãӦ˱ӵĸоһʼźҡ
ԼķźӵЩЦȫ˵Լһʼʱȵ̬ЦŶ㻹ڻˣȻһ£͸ϲǶӵİˡ
Ҳңñ߹ص磬ѾԼһӵˣɲ綼ˡ
ȻҵǸкںӻڷʱѾźǸкˣԸˡ
ϣкΪŮ෴ǺǸŮ϶ǳϲ˭ϲֶµŮأӳ϶ƤҪһӵģǿǹƤġ
ֻʱŮվǱкѣȲкڡȷԼԺһܹŮһĵķԸԼŮԺһʹࡣ
Ҫһ̥Ůô죿ǻôֻŬܶմȨڴߣıˣŮӵĵλˡֻŮִŮһ߳ţɵԼϲ顣ֻ׻صԶѽ
һߺŶ˯һĬĬ뵽
ֹ˼գǬڹٰλʿ۹͡Ϊմӱ߹ػ֮ǰǼҲûȥһֱ˼ϢϢ˼գоԼͷˣҪ賿𴲴ȥμᣬе㲻Ӧ
ϣĳ佫λμȻĳΪȥ߹صǼºͱ߹صλǺܿϤϵսʱǱߵ佫ﻹڳֽȥ
ȻܵǱˣȻһȺ佫һĳҲӡֽΪβȥ佫壬ã˼ҵλǱߣˣǱλŻÿʱһûŵǱߵĿλΪûŭô죿
ǸʿˣŷӦȻֳǸԲסһͺˡ
ڰֵˣôأҲǺģҾлˡ


134    ȥǱԼλ
ȥǱԼλ, Ա߱ʦδθǳű»ûͺʦڱ߹ص, δθĳ, Ա߹صȤ佫ǱߵĹϵҲһĳ, š
ŰʱǬڴλӺͻʺһ˴ϡ
ᰲ֪ǶЧ˻ǡõ˳ӵ, Ѿ곤Ĵһ, Ȼɬ, ǿҲлʼƵ, ˿Сʱӡ
ڻʵº, 壬΢ض˵ͷע⵽˵, ҲǰľƱʾһ¡
˸к󣬾û, ʱԱŵĴȴǶŶӡ͡һ, û, ֵ֪ӵ, , ָܴûΪ˶徻, Ӿ͵û
, ߹ذȫǣ޾λһǬ۶佫˵ȻǬֻǰѾƱմһ죬ûȫȥ, ̬ú㣬ĽǼҲʮּæҲԼǰľƱһ
ָ裬ÿıر̣ʿһֱڱ߹أʱЩҲǿýζ
ûվʹﵽ˸߳ʱǬڿʼλʿ۹ˡ
ΪεȷӮƯδʮڣ߹ضάźƽǬʹ͵ʱģְֽ鱦Ҳһһʹȥ
ֽڱĹְ󽫾Ҳһֱоλʱ˵Ƿ޿ɷ⣬һЩ鱦ʵ޿͡˵ϣһ㶼ļɵֽȴûš
ΪֽΪһжʮ껹ûгףûãԾֽΪʺֳӵľ˾ˣǬ۶ֽȴǷǳġȻְˣʹͻеģǬ۾ʹʹһ˰ѳ鱦̧˺ׯҲ˲١ǬУʹͲǱȷ͹ְʡĶˡ
Щ佫ʹˣ͵ˡͬɵ߹صЩļĽɫȻΪûֱӲμսȴ˴󹦣óը|ҩսܹʤľء
ʱûóġһʼǸƲ߾Ͳã漴ʹʤսҲ϶ʮֲң˵ܰЩ˲ݺһǲòǩԼԸΪܵĳӣÿ
ǬʱȻĹͣԸʹͿ϶Ҳ٣ؼĻǹְǨ֪Լο϶һʱﲢû̫
˴˴󹦣ãڸĽθǴǹٹλһֱû˶ϣȥǸλӰɣǬ״赭д˵
ᵽĽθ֮ǰκ׸θ˶֮еƷΪվκ׸ĶӣټԼ²ŪøڲΪ˱סֻôǹٹ硣
λÿˣûڸĳڶأڸܹλãһܲһӣòڿճһ˭붥ȥ
Ǭ۾ȻҪλ壬мͶһžףôνܣʮδ䣬ĹְûߣְߵģûᣬûٱĽˡھȻһ⣿
̤ٳã֮ǰһӾ˻ɵλϾѾˣʱв˷ԣھȻһԾҪΪڸθ
Ǭ˵ȻΪ𾪳ĬһᣬûнһĴڷԡ
֮ǰɵʱ򣬶ŻǸλõĶǵͽ׹ԱΪǸλʧۣ֮嵱˻ɺЩҲ̫鷳βͬⶢڸθλõģڹٳЩĹԱˣְҲɣǵٳûõ˿ԱȵģҪʹӣ廹Ĳһȫס
ȻҪٵ׼ˣû뵽ǬۻôһϲȻҪڸθѾҪΪˣԼǲ˵жд̡
ĵؿ˿ŵʦδθȻҲȲ֪£ʱҲЩȡֻЦǸˡ
Ȼڸθ֮ԱԤƸؽӴܵĺȨȴҲɱĽԱеˣȻ߹ٺ»Ǻõġ
£ڸθһһһȥģ٣Ǿܷڣ
飬˼ѽ
Ҳ飬ڸθô׵ؾһé®֮ѵƫ̻ɣ⻰˵Щðˣʱȷ˵˲ٴ󳼵ϸ룬Ǹñƫ̻ˣȻǨٶȵȷ̫ˣͬ


135 ʡ
޲ɣǬŭȵ
ոǸԷԵĳӼ״µң
Ȼ, ڰ˵Ŀɻ飿Ǭ۵
˳Ĭˣ̬Ȼǲ޳ɵģȻʱһѡӢĻ纰ˡ
ΪڸθǬȲûк, ȴҲ˺ܳʱġ
Ȼ, Դ;µһ׮׮һ, ǸЩ˵ĳǿĶࡣ
ڳϵ̫أ, Ǭ۶ЩϰΪǲЩкø, Ϊƽ⳯, ֮ǰЩһֻ۱һֻۣ
֮ǰ̫κ, Ϊ׸̫Ȩˣˡ
úκ׸θڶ, ˲ʵҲᣬջ˵ŸǵĲȨڶ֮ʱ, ѲλõĹԱȫЧĳӡ
Ȼڶ˲ʵǵڳϵǲС, Ҳ֮ǰڶп⳯ɵ˻治, ԶԶǰĹơ
ʱٷֳһȫЧĳӾͺбҪˡܴκ˫㶦ľ, κ˶Գ͢ƿС, Ƕպ⡣
֪ǰΪ̫κ׸, Ȩ̫, ƿڳӵ, չС
ǬȡǰĽѵʹαǰٷѡҲв١
ԼǼҾףҲûʲô, ͺ̶ܴϱԺ͡
ȻȢ˷ȴûڿ˼ҷĵܵܶᰲϵǺǰûгɻ֮ǰһദģɴ˿ɼɼƷԣϲӪ
Ȼؼʱպ˴󹦣ÿԳΡ
ǷΪȨ̫̫࣬죬˱ģѧκ׸ףڳϿʼɣǬȻᵣġ
֪ΰΪθ͢ϱȻ˷ԣҪЧ
ڵΪڸθ֮ػﳯ͢ϵĲˣʱȻ͸ɲɵԺֻһȫЧĴ


136 ݴθ   Ȼʦǡ
Ȼʦδθ, δθôЩٳ֮ʱҲˣǬʹ֪ڸ֮нθʦ, ԺҲܶһ, Ҳûʲô̫ļɵ
ȻˣȻĿĲ, ҲʵʵǨְ, ҲÿԷΨһŮ۰, Ҳ֮ǰ˷ھͰɵ߹صĲ
Ǭ, ʱһĴǲͬ, ĬõĻش
ڰȨջزٵǬλῴЩӵɫƮƮ˵Ȼڰ䶼˵, ô޾Ĭλͬ޵ľģǺã
л˵Ǭۻ˵һ, վ˳ʱǬЩá
Լλ, ۹۱Ǳǹ, ˿ʱ˵, ¾ڴ, ܾǵ˻, һ·Ǹѡ, Ծͱ쾲ȴĽ, Ǹǻǻ㲻
ովĴʷǬȻվ̫, ˵ȥ
µĹ͵ȷСһ·Ҳʮ㣬ǲô˵ЩǳˣҲǾģ⵽ǲܷѽȽαĹְθְ֮ǿȻһʲôʱ´󹦣ʱҲ١Ϊʱٸɳһʵ֤ʵͬʱҲʱǱΪθλҲٷԵġ
ʷȻεʷһְȴĶͨԲʱȻûͷһֱȰɣ˵ıȽԲʹ²ͬ⣬Ҳٲñŭ
˵ⷬǡ֮ơֻҪڰѱµּȰˣ֮廹ܲҲ˵ڱ߹£Ҳûʲô£㹦Ҳѣʱ˴󹦵ʱ򣬻֪Ѿȥء˵ףʹѾ˲ٹǲһ½һµ
ʷոǸһ˵¾вԭͷԵĴ󳼷ϣʾͬ˵Ҳǵ棬ǸθְλͲһˣЩͶźþˣ볯Ϊ˭ڸôܸøһأ
Ǭʱ򱾾Ҫ׸һְģȻͬʷ飬ҲȻǿԿʷǻ֮ص˼ģȻᱻ⻰Ūȥ
Щ󳼷ԵӣһǬ۾͵ʷ鵹еȡ֮θְλɽΣʷ˵ȹۿһ¹ͺٸת
Դӿûݴθת˵ݴ˭˵׼أһ¾ݴʮ꣬ô˵ǵʱô죿
λӦûʲôɣ˵ʹʷ˵Ҳǲ࣬ڰ䲻ᷴ԰ɣǬЦʵ
ոջͬʷЩԱʱǱס˲һ˵Ǹոյȷͬ˴ʷĻͬȹ۲꣬ٸϴθ֮λڱ°ѴʷĻֻ˸˵Ǿ뷴Ҳû˵ڡ
ǬʱոջڷԵĴʱϵı飬ˬˣ͵ˣɣ伴ձݴθһְ
ЩԵĴʱҲ˵ˣֻͬ⣬ֻﲻѾժӵΪжˣĹ۸һ½ʹ֪Ǳµ˼ôǱȥôû
ȥˣϯһƬͣȫոաΧһЩԭûзԵĹԱѶ͸Ͻ徴˾ƣˡһʮֿɣθԺǰ;϶ǳڹؼܽԵԺ˵˼ϵġ
֮Ǭ۰嵥ȥҲδ˵ʲô£һ˵˼صĻ֮˼ĶӰ԰ҲһģҲһһ
Ȼȥ֮ȴδֱӻظȥʦ
δθ죬ЩȣΪ»Լѧ˵ϲٵءˣû󣬰鷿ȥ
αȻΪθֻڵǳҲǺõģұⷬȻ˵㣬Ҳ֮˴ĹԱⲻô˵Ҳڱ׵ģθ֮λȻֻݴȨȴʵʵġδθ
ѧ֪ҲǸˡЦŵ
Ժڸⲻú͸˴򽻵ȲۣҪıڸ֮еļλˡҸ˵һǣҲиס
лʦѧʹ˴أϢЩ˾֪£ǱȲ⼸λദЩ˽⡣ص
δθۺڸ׸κκˣҲ֪ģҽˣԺȻʲôͽĻᣬҲ̫ģȻܱˣЩֶΣǲʲôµģֻҪ½Щͺá
ڶλθȻκײԸƷȴԣֻҪ鷳һȻǴθȻڸ꣬ȴǸʵģҲǿһ㣬ǸߴθЩ֣㵽ʱһ۱ϳֻȴҪСˣֶһֱɾر˲Ҳɻ䱻˵֣ʱעһ¾УҪͬʲôδθڸ֮˵飬ǶڸһȽϸ˽⡣
֮ͷ극̲סһŪ˶һᣬΪӰİ绹вþ͵ˣ֮˱һ߱Ŷһ¡
ȻǴģ嵱ʱʹ˶ӵ磬ʱڰҪͬⲻˣĵú
ȻȫӸȻڸڸҪѧĶܶ࣬ƽʱ֮ǰҪæٵÿջǰһıġ
ڼ䣬廹ŷһŶȥֽϣֽ˾˺üûˣЩģ˺ܾãֽûãʱŮϲҪһֱսĹ͸ӣǺ޲Ͻý䣬ȻҲһ;ү񫡣
ͳʱĸȰ˾˸ϽȢ׵Ļ˵һ飬ֽδӦҲûһڻؾֻ˵ٿʱϡء
Ҳһģþ˾ûһڻؾȥǿԺĸ󽻲ˡĸ֮󣬱ضһ̲ͣظ˾ɸѡᣬ޲øϽþ˾˳ס
չȥˣİҲڵˡ˴θ˵ݴģȨɲСλҲˮǴߣ죬ǻвԭϤҲ˺


137    ÷ȥдŮ졭
÷ȥдŮ, ȥӴпͣƽʱǿԶΣʱȻ, һͬкš
Ϊ֮ǰڱ߹صʱЩʿദû, λ˼λһϲСĺ, ֽΪľ˾ˣ, Ǳ߶˺Ӻһ
Ǭ۶ﱲĵһӺ, ӵԴͿɼһ, ϾһϡЩεİǬȻûе, ʹͿһ㲻٣ɹ˽Ǭ۵µƷһһǱ̧ⷿ
μӰĹԱŻµһĶ, ڱĵλһ̵֪¶ǿأһ̧ȥĶﶼЩĽˡ
ӻжˣд, Ȼ˵ôһ䣬Ͻȥӭӡ
ӺͶǰ, ˶ЩɻˡȻûп, Ҳ֪ʺ͹һ򲻺, λ֮Ĺϵһ, ӵİ, ˾, Ǿúƽ, ôأ֮ǰҲ˺δ¶档
ȻҲɻأʱȻˣֻܺд, ֻϣҪʲô²źãҲ֪Ǹʲôӡ
λȥ֮
ᰲڰֵҲæȥд˰ɣҲ˲ٴˣ֪·
ӵĻҲֻ䵭˵ͲҪˣ߰ɡ
ᰲϤʵڲ˽ӣΪȥ⣻λ˽ȥѡԵĺ˴Щͷ
εȷԸģĸκġһεʱ񶼲ͣ˻飬ʾ˹֮ȥһݲ᲻صڴӣʱ͸Ⱦء
û뵽ϾȻôϲ˴ʹͲ˵ԸӴ֪֮tûȥȥȾˣֱӾѵһ˵û֮顣ȻֻѵûдںٰѵĴ˵ֱǱֱӴܣȻҲǱ᲻ص˵˼䡣
ΰ磬ڻûʼǰ죬κͷӣҪˣƢʱҲҪȥ¶档κԸȻԸͺͻʺ󲻶ԸǰûٶײôԸöȥǸ磿ֻǵ׻ǵ̣ڶԷǸӿأȻӣʹӲԸȥҲҪȥܸһӡ
ĴʱɫȻǲ̫ã͵ñͱĴӸˡ
ܿͿʼˣʹ˽ȥѶӱ˳ڱͿһϾⳡС˶ǡ
ˣոµʱſ˲٣ü֮ǸÿˣҲܿͷΪĸӰӣ˿˲ĻǼ⣬ȫ
ϵĲŮʱŷûвĽġտʼ޵ʱȻ¿״Ԫұ˳Ҳǿ񣬼Ǻֻվǲʡ岻һԺޣһСٶѡ
ǸʱЩģϾ⾩߹ŮӣǰȥμᣬŷڻҪ޸һС٣д󲿷˶޵öȷá
ֻȥˣȴ濪ʼĽˡ
ԭȲһԺޣŶãλһھѾڸθˣǼ޵ķأڻԭǸӣеԺҪ£⻹ôأ
֮ǰǻܰοԼôԼѾ˺ӣΪҿ֦ɢҶˣͳ޵ǻüûһŮԸ⣿ֻǾȵǣԷһɻ鼸Ī˵檣ͨûС
أȻ޵ĺãǸһ붼Ȳϣĸûмͨÿ첻ǺŶǺЩС檶ǱȷͻСڿǷǿһ
ټڷҲˣ⺢ӻǸкøǷģ屧źվ룬ĿɳƵһɾ¡
ǿģҲֳֻܱܸһš
˳˳ˣȻɫãҲûʲôͷָĸ·ÿΧźӶ˵Ļ
ȻڸΪθҲǽűģȥ׸֮⣬ʣµθҲλģȻڸθ֮ĩЩҲ岻֣ʦδθθҲ¶⣬ڸ֮нֵغܿ죬ż¾ͱˮ
ټǬ۱Ǵ˼ڸȻλĩڻǰ¶ὨĴ治٣Ҳøߴθ˵⡣
ˣˣүϽȥճ˻ʹûظͼ



138 컨   ţȡ
, ȻʷʲôȻ֪ʲô飬廹óϳϿ㡣
˳Щؽ͵СүͻȻ˸, ֮͸Ͻȥ̫ҽ, ַ֮Сү˺ɫ̫ҽ, Сү컨ܼѾϢ, ڸ, ܼһҸϽ
Ҳһ, ˵, ֪ʲôˣʱֻܸϽҡͷĵһ, ƽʱԸͷᵣǲѣڳô£֪ڼĳʲôء
ظ֮, ̫ҽǣҲΪ̫ҽǰȾ컨, ڵǲ±Ⱦ
ôˣ̫ҽ
̫ҽЩΪѵ˵¹ѾСʩ, ҩ, һһ֢״, Ҳ֪, 컨ⶫ, κõ, ֻԼȥ
Ȼ̫ҽû˵ǣ컨ܰȥʵ٣ҪȾ컨һܻ, ˵ճһСˣǴʱز۵ļ̫ˡ
̫ҽȾģ߰ʱȾϵ컨֮ҲǾһŰȥ˵ûܰȥһû⼸ʮҽҲ֪˶Ⱦ컨ӣܻ޼Կɼ컨ж
ҲйȾ컨ز۵ӣ֮Ϊ˷ֹȾһ˶ˡǸҲˣ֮Ҳûסȥ
̫ҽʱҲ֪Լ˵ʲôɥЩֻ룬û˵һµǸ¹ﻹһӣֻЩգ֪ò˵
ʱһϽû£˵!
Ž˶ֻⷽȻ˵ЧʧܵļҲ󣬲ٹ۲СһգʵգԿ˶֮ˡȻ˶ʧܺͳɹļ忪Ҳв˶ҲûܰȥģǱȸɰȥĴʴյʱ˶Ҳһϣ
Ҫ˵ãոһԳĬû˵˵ȵȣбİ취ڻС˶֮׻Щ
ţ֮ǰѧʱڿαԶţмְաԽܳô꣬ΪûȾ컨ټ컨ⶫִѡˣǰڵ컨û뵽¡
ȻߵûȾ컨ģŴÿΪȾ컨ȥĴ˺ͺ治٣컨ʱԳǲ֢֮ˣȾ֮Ϳˡ
Ȼţ֮Ĺ˽ⲻ٣ϾҽģԼ⻹һİţ֮ȫʵԸԼĶӿЦһʵʲôȸֶʱˡ
Ӻ̫ҽ˵һ£̫ҽһ㶡˶֮Ǿˣʱ˷ճʱû˸ҳԵģʵڰȥˣҽɹˣ˸ҳԡ
ţ֮֮˶֮ǾףŪĶŪ˵ϣ̫ҽǸҽ˶꣬ϡ淽Ҳ٣ʱʹʮ־ȣҲûֱӷߣڼȻ˵ⷨˣ˵϶Ҳһյġ
̫ҽ˽˷ϸ˵˵͸ϽЩȫϸ̫ҽ˵һ飬˿©ʲôһΪû˵ţʱˡ
̫ҽԽԽ˷ܣ˵Ժ컨ҲҪˣܾȶ˵ѽⷨӳɱҲܵͣʵɹˣƶ˼Ҳε
̫ҽ幪ˣţ֮ĿУǱǻݼˣ֪ٿɷ񽫴ϣʱ̫ҽԺҲܲ˸¹ȥʵ¡
ȻǴӦ̫ҽԽ࣬˶ɹĿҲԽߣҲܸؽţоʱҲΣգвӦ֮
Ǭ֮Ҳ֪еҪԵģּô̫ҽԺо¡
ΨһʱҲǵĵģִ̫ҽԺ˺ü̫ҽȥȥţֹ񻯡
Ǳߴ̫ҽһߣͿʼȥסţԱΪ˷ִֹȾϣ֮ԺźҲȥǰԺ潫ù컨˵ź
ƾüУȥʱ˽ϡƾҲͱзˣǮƹһյӺѸϾֽ߹ؿǶƾʮҪġ
֪ûù컨ģʱȻȰȥһչ˾УȻҪǴȾ˶Ⱦô죿Ͼţ֮ء
ǷҪչˣôȰ˵Ӧȥֻգ˸һִĿܼһվһ㡣
Ǭʱ⣬Ҳ˴µļ٣岻ȥϳ԰ĴڼȻȥ⳯ϵͬҲ´Ⱦȥǰû˸ˣˣԼҲȾϲ
Ǵڼһߺͷһտӣһߺ̫ҽʱţ飬Ͼģеĵطʲô̫ҽֱӹ̽֡
֮⣬̫ҽڸߺͰȥ鰲컨ˡͷһֱϸţƽʱûȥ˵Ⱦ컨ĿԺСģһȾ컨һʱıۣڱ
˵Ͱۣⱳûֻãˣضǲݡ


139 ̽   ʱΪѾա
ʱ, ΪѾ˳ȥ˵Щûеù컨˶ǰԺź, ǰԺԺúԶ, ȾļʺСǻĻ̡̻
Ϊȶ˵, ø˲ʲôӣ̫ҽÿһʱ, Ҳͬʱ˿, ֹȾ, ͬʱָ, һ˵΢Щ
Ϊʱ̫ҽȷ֮, ѾʱڵŲ顣
յүķԸ֮󣬶Դ˸ʮֵ˼, ƱҪףĻǰ, һֱڲ̽
ЩûµȻǲ²̽, Ǹø, 󾾳ļμ, ץŵļ, , ЩҲ˽һЩӻ͵˸Ķؼȥ, ûвͰȾ컨йصĶ
Ҳߵ˶ɸһ飬ͬһ񡣶⼸ΪͷһֱźӣʱҲæ, Ƿ޶Ϊ˷ֹֹҶץϵĶ°̺ۣԱźӡǿ׳ܵùȥûʲôԱ仯Եˣ弸ȰȥϢտһֱϡ
ʵͷΪĸģźһֱ޲ֹôܷŵ߿Ȱ˼ηȥϢһûгɹǿӲԼźӣֻ÷վԱ߿ˣźš
Ȼ˼컹ûвʲôƾԼֱͲûô򵥣ֻǼװϵ˳ˣٲֻ̽ǰ̽ǲͲǰãԲŻȾ컨
ϣĺԺŴ˵Ӹںſص˵Ҳ֪Щ첻ǳȥӵңͨͨڡ
һӣټϻǹˣǿصȻûΪѣү׼ȥǰܷȥԶҪǱߵǽǼҶǣӦû¡
úãлл!æл
ȥߵǽǱߵԵĶ˵ôˣ˵Ҫ𣿡
ٸҼûǮˣ
ôҪϴβǸǲȥˣϵȵ
ҷһΣӮǮҾͰӻؼȥúТ͸ҵǮɣϵĶӰ
ԼΨһĶӣվ̣ǴóԼϵĺɰ׼õӸӣҸ㣬һΣҪǻȥģ´һֲˡ
ϵĶӻûϴӺɰóӣȲһץ˹ȥûзӦɰȥ
صظӵķ֣ҪǮأ˺þõĶӲ򵽵ģȥԡװӵĺɰ϶˵
ϽӹרŸĵķֹ֣סЦˣʱҲ˲Լȥĺɰˣ֪Т˳´ˣԼ֪С
ȻϸڹʲôöûʱǱʲôá
϶ӵУȥɣϢˡ
ȻٺͶ˵仰˶ӵĻֻգԶתȥϵĶתͽ˶ĳ
ȥˣոȥû㡣һʵ
ϳķ֣ҶӼ̫ûȥˣңŶӴķ֡
еĽӿТ˳ĶͱӻȢϱȥˣҪӣҲû㶫ڿϣֹסðˮҲֻһ룬ûþͰˣϾǻҪһտСӣջ
⼸ûʲôʵ
̽Ǹ˵ӣ⼸ûʲô˺ǰûʲô£һ²֪㲻⣿
û£زⶼ˵
ǷϳȥԼĶӣſڵ˵ʱʱǵƤ£ϵĶӺ񻹸ϴ˷֡
ǼΪʲô
ϵĶҪӣ˵ºƽǰϵĶӾ;ˣſڵͼֲˡ
һое⣬е㲻ԾҾûȥһҲʧʲôȥ϶⼸µ٣дҪ֮ȥ˵ܴв鵽ʲô
߼ȻɣȻǲչԼĶӣڵҲֻһ˿ɣҲԩϣֻúϱȥźۼؽҵ뿪֮ǲϲûʲô⣬ȻὫٵ
ʱڷȻǶӵİΣҪ彫Լҵ²ûʲô飬ϣϲû⣬ϾѾĸˣĽܲϱȴȻὫһΣԴڶߡ


140 ţ֮   ֲó顭
ֲó̽Щ˽, ڸﻹãڸЩˣϵЩȷܲ鵽, ǰЩҪǲʲôеѡ
ֽȻѾر߹ȥ, ھҲһЩˣѴºǮƹ˵֮, ǮƹʹȥѸٲֱ̽ûгĲ˵㶫
ϵĶӲһʼͺöĵ, ΪǰĶӱս˶ĳ, ֮һٶ, ׳˽ȥ
ǴӶĳＸ̽õϢ, Ķڰ֮ǰѾǷ˽ǧӣնĳĹ, Ƿô࣬ǲĳǲܷŹĶӵ, Ķôյؽȥģ򵥵Ľ;ĶѾӻˡ
ǧĶǾƻģǼҵҲͱ˸, ˵ǧ, ò, ˵ôЩ궼ǿŵġʹʱܵõЩʹ, Ǿûǧ֮, ôһ, ĶӵǮĳģ
˼, ҪķһЩʱ䣬Ƶ˿϶ڸסԼֵĺۼҪҲסǮƹ
ûϵ, ֻҪܲ㶫ͺáѾȷԼĶȾ컨ԲǸ⣬ıѾõơԲҹƵǱ˳һ˺ڡ
ʱţѾо˵ɹ̫ҽ飬ٹܳɹʱ򣬰Ȼһֱ񻯣ÿֵʱҲԽԽ̫࣬ҽǿҩţʱû֮ǣֻҪţȻʱϵþˣҲʮյġ
֮ǰһСӣôһ֮ǰºòȫûˣ˺ôһȦͷԽۣӼᶨҪѱ˾ľġ
ˣţ֮ɹƳˣ̫ҽشϢٴ
ڰţ𣿡Щеʡ⼸ͷŰһֱ޽п˵絶ʣʱţ֮Ѿɹ˵ϢЩ
ˣҺ̫ҽҲڹѰЩƶ˼Ⱦ컨ĺԵģЩ˼ĺӶۿҪȥǼʵûǮˣ͵ǸǶţɹļʸߴųɣʮŻһûܰȥҲΪûȥĺӱټʵϵ̫ˡ컨κõķˣѾһȾ컨ĺд˶͹ǱˣҲѾţˣٹǵҲܳˡ̫ҽЦŵ
Ȼ̫ҽ˵ţĳɹоųɣ̫ҽѾһ˲õĳɾˣ忴ųɻǲգΪһɵļβõĶ
ҲףִĴҽԺҲܱ֤ÿһ̨ܳɹڹŴųѾܸˡͷھ̫ҽǸʼţ
ţ֮ƳɹϢҲʹ˻ʹǬò̾͸ܳǰˮһţ֮Ȼţ֮ˮ׬ӳӯ⣬ҲƵУǬţ֮ĵλһ㶼ˮܾͣյ
컨֮ǰһֱԳƵǲ֢֮ܵİÿΪȾ컨ȥĲ֪ж٣ǻ֮ҲûȾ컨̫ˡκ컨ķˣǬܲˡ
ǬѾ»صʹڹְϵǲˣʱȴѴθ֮λøȵȻȻǨЩ鱦ׯʲôģǬۻǿЩģЩȻȲǨҲǺˡ
ʱϵЩ󳼿˵ЩҧһһתĲ֪˵ʲôáԭ֪ĶȾ컨˵յ˵ҲóƿģﵽЩĿġ
ôһ¶أٳ⣬ͥްӺأ㿴ⲻ
컨ҪҴȾǿ˵һСľͱȾˡϴθ֮λûþ£ƨɶûءҲ˵þҲ˵Щԭ岻˳۵Ĵûһﰵˬġ
ֻû뵽ΪȾ컨Ȼ컨ţ֮ھ˭˲֪ţ֮˶۰Ͱ͵صҹϵ֪ţ֮ôһ¡Ͼ컨ɲ˻Ǹˣһɶܸ㴫Ⱦϡ⾩ĸ˼ңļûǣţ֮Ǿ֮
˴ˣָʹˡǾͲˣ˵ĲôأǿŰһһߵλãֱǷһһգ۾͸ϵǵǰȥˣܲʣ
ʱͷŰţյľǰ죬ֻҪǰ찾ȥˣ֮ˡ
ãǸиģȥˣϵȶ廹зʱһû˵̫磬ֲˣʼ˸ա
Ϊʱһֱ񾭽ÿ춼ţҪ˵ϢȻǸ˵ģܷһһֱˣԭһֱһôиһֱûʲô⣬ڷˣȻһӵˡ
ʱ̫ҽڸϺֲʲô£һҩ˼ȥڶշվˡǵʱ仹̫ۣʧԪúúһʱ䡣ʱ͵÷չȻ˰æģǻǲɱıƽʱҪЩ
ʱ岻ʼǰԼѧ˵㹦ǿˣȻҲˣڻ֪ôأΪѾºеϵǾԲİѺȫչ˵ġ
Ļ֮˲üĿˣǮƹЩ˵
忴Ǯƹ飬֪Ļ֮ͷС


141 Ļʹ   ǮƹԴӷ̡
ǮƹԴӷϵĶ, ǾͰˡһΪ˷ʣĻ֮˸ڡȥ֮СûͰԼ֪齻, Ͼ˶ھӪ˵, ѶҲһѺ֡
Ķǰ˵ûʲôͣҲö, ǰԼһȥĳʶʶȥ, ֮ͿʼԶĲ, ǮҲԽԽࡣǸνҲȥ, ԭ˸, ȻҪĶȥĳ϶ĲΪӵҹ, Ҳ֪ӵ˵ģ
ĳǱҲȽĳϰ壬öĳĶӸסӮ伸, 䣬ĺ, Ƿ˶ĳǧĳʱŻĶ˵, ֻҪ֮ò, Ҫֽſ, ĶȻҲ֪Լòǧӵ, Ȼڹ, ҲһóôӡȻʱ, һҵ˵ֻҪһմ컨ŧҺ··һͰĶӻӡ
Ѿܲ³Ĵ, ĵǮƹ˵ȥҪĻ֮˵˭
Ǯƹ˵Ķͬˣݼٵʱȥ̽ʱ򣬰·ͬǼմ컨ŧҺ·ŵһȻûз£ѾǼմ컨ŧҺ·ˣСҲΪȾϡ
Ȼ֪Ĵ򣬵׶֮ߣ̲ס͵һģΪ̫ϵʹ˲ˡΪǧӣĶӱİõؽİΣ֮ڲˣҪ˰Ķô֪ܲӵĲǺ£Ϊǧӣͺԥȥˣȫû鱻ô졣
ŭʵĶأȻ˵ĶӲյĻ֣ҲԲŹ
Ѿһ˽լˣܲˣǴ˸͹ٵġǮƹȻǿԽץȥʣǻǲֱҪϾģ󵽵׻ǵýٸǱߴǱߵҲС
⣬ǸˣոһʱûסǮƹģڼ˵
ǮƹҲģҪǸϣҲŭͼ˵ӵ˺ǰѵӦͬһˣֵģıѾõıȫǳСģȻһһĲֵ˷ô󹦷óôı
ΪģȥһʼûвʲôѾзˣϾĳǱҲմȾһ㡣֮͵͵ȥһ²飬鵽κ׸κ׸ֻǸɨβģĻ֮ˡ
Ǯƹһ²ŵǴӡ
͵͵Ǯƹȥˣθȥġθκ׸ôãôܲ߷ŵ̽ӶκΧҲÿ춼˶ҵģһʲô紵ݶθ˸㱨
αֵĵȷǴӣȥȻЩ£κ׸ֻ֮˰ɨβκ׸ûɨβθֲ£Ͼƽʱȷ̫עǱߵ顣κ׸ôһ֣ͱע⵽ˡ
ȥ͵͵飬Ȼ֪ʲô飬֪ⲻǸ¶κ׸дӶ˾͹ˡǮƹȥ˾θۣʱһƶϣ֪֮ǰǵʲôˡ
ʱȥݺκ׸һѾͲˣôܻκ׸Ǳڸ֮ǰĺۼȥ͸¶һǮƹǱߵˡ
½θȻϵʮ׽ܵ˵˻ͣ˵ʦδθκ׸ЩìˣͺԥذһѡȻᣬƢأκ׸ʹӰ쵽ΨһϣܲԺ϶κ׸дˮݡθκ׸ù͸ˡ
˴ĻֵȷЩ𾪵ģϾʹûʲôͻģ꣬ѵвӵĵλǺʹȥλѵΪǷĺӣǶӵӾ´˶
Ǻɣ嶼Źӣǰãܼһûţ֮˵ûˡ
ǰţ˵޵ܣǶӵȷ㣬о֮ܣ;ƫ̻ڻʴ֮ʱͽȥϾʵ۱µİո岻Ϊһ˽ģ°յǿ֧һʺʵ۵ȥ
ڣѾ֤ʲشӲӰ죬Щִ֪ʶܸȤԺǸλãкܴܻ֧ĸĸټµķѾȷԼԺһֶ֧ˣԭͽȥĻʴ֮ԺҲǷǼ벻ˡ
ǲôӵǸλõģôӵǸλãܻбĻᡣ
ε컨¼֪İ֤ݶϣ϶Ҳֻǳͷѵһ´ӣ˵컨¼ĻʹΪغҵ档
ϲǵǱȲ׶ӵġڴֻλӣôܻΪ¾ͶԴôĪ˵ڰû֮ǣ㰲زۣŻҲôӸӦеĴۡ
Ȼ֪ϲطӣ廹ǰϱȥϾҲôұһ٣ҲԳ˿


142    Ȼ
Ȼ, ȴҲܴĵ˵ȥȻڻ˻ʼҵ, ʱʹ֪Ǵ֮, ǬҲԽ½¶ȥжС
ֻڵϼʱЩ֤ݡʵϣе֤ϸҲܸӶ, ˵֪ǴָʹȥģǴȴȫԼ֪, ˵ǸϵΥӵԼȥ, ʱһ, Ӿȫû˹ϵ
ֻǴҲҪǬۿЩ֤֮ǡһ, ȻЩ֤вûдֱմֵ֤֤ǴӵȴܽƱ, ǬΪһֶεȨߣô׾;ûаϵ
ֻҪϻ϶Դӻɾ͹ˣ֪ϻϲԴʲôط, ǻЩ֤ݣ˽϶ֲ˺, Ϊ˸廹зһ, ǬôҲñҸͷһ´ӡ
ȻʱǬ۸ӵĳͷиֲµ, ܱȴûиκδúá
Ǭȥ֤Ҳŭ, , ֤õһѾ߰˷, ׶ԼĶӻм, ԩ˴ӣԼİȥزһ顣
ģһͷһ, Ǵ£һݺݷûаֵ÷з˽³Ǭۻģ廹ǸʶġϾһõĻʹֶȥıԼҪ˵ȥµİոοңʱǻҵͶˡ
:л£Ǭش廹⣬ȻǬ˵Ҫˣʱ϶ҹϣӱԽԽãɲĴôӻСû¾ͷŹ
Ϊڻδ꣬ڹŴʮ궼ѾӶѾɼҵˣǱִͬ˲֪٣ҪĿǰһΪĸôԭ¡ֻⲻִȻʹôһһҲܽͽȥʮꡣ
Ǭ۵İֶȻͨ˿ԱȵģûĹͽ²˸ˮʯˣʲôʱʲôص㣬ȥʱʲô·˳
ԭǬۻԴ´һģû뵽ǴġǬûһṦˤ˺üƿź̫ʱҲ˵ʱʢŭ֮лʵ۵üͷ
ǬһʼŽҵģǾôӦòôʹôͼֶΣֶΣҲһͳĻӸøɳ顣ʵݺݴһƣʱǬۺ޲ðѴӽйһ
£ӣҪǶӶ࣬ʱǬֱӰ˸ȥΪˣֱӷȥػꡣֻû취ֻ̳ˣ֮λû£ʹŭҲİ˸ˡ
ǰԼеԼǰӣǿƣΪԺλڳҲѹƵסЩ󳼣϶ȴеʴˣȻϴֶβʲôԺпܻᱻǣߣȺ
ֻڿϴֱ³çԣûӡǬ۲òԼۣڶϴǰٸнӡʼ룬ûӵȣ϶ȱ㻹ǿܣϾֶʴȵԺλӣܵιǰҲûС
ֻ֮¹شһʱ֮ǬۻǲΪ¾ʹæ¾ȻŴӻٵ̵̣ǲɱģԭбǱߵƽѾԾ˶Ǳߡ
Ϊ֮ǰǬ۾Ѿ˵˵֮һʱŭȻû˴ӡ
ǰµʱӺͶӶǬ۷ŵȥѧЩһЩ񣬱ϾǬѾ߽ˣҲȥʵʵˣȻôóǵֶ
ΪŷӣǬ۱ȰѴӵ񲿣һʱ䡣֮һȷȷʵʵǲƿصȨʱ򽫴ӴҲһСĳͷˡ֮ǬԴӳȥȾƿΪɣ֣£ʮӣ˼һ¡
ͷںӵĴ˵ֱҪĳӣⷬ£²ǲǻ˴ӣȻôͻȻһ谮Ĵ˿֮䣬вԭڹĹԱһӵ˶Ǳߡ
ʱκ׸κдʢŭ֮Сκ׸ֱ֪˵ԼʲôãӶȥ£Ѿˣʱֹֻȥӵ֮µβ͸ĨϾӺ˵빲ģȻô鱻֡
ֻû뵽¾Ȼı¶ˣӲ񲿻һԭҲڱµ֮±θȥЩǱµľ档
󣬱¿϶ԴЩʧʲô취ô»ñµϲźá
κ޹֮ѾС̫ŮǨŭˣʱ򣬵ϹһأӶøɸƵġ
κһ뵽Щǰֵֻı飬ĲѸŪõָ׸ˡҪƽʱѰͷЩ˺ÿֻʱ򣬱ԶŭֻֻʱԷлʺһ㣬ȴ˿ûоȫԼӴӵĴ
ڴӣʱſڴϲأȻǻӣǴӵ̫಻ǵʱԱ߿ţ̫Ҳҷˮ̫ԣڴ۵
ȻЩڣǻ޾Ӷ࣬û뵽ǸСô󣬶徹ֽóţ֮ȴڱν
ҲһʱȲŻ飬ٸһλᣬһôԻŪһ޷ļƻʲô鲻
ҲΪʾȻΪǸСӳòĸȥǸСӵİ磬ǸһҲûУˡԺŻǸֻû뵽Ȼ巢ˣǸСûʰȱʱһ١
ʵϣΪθһֱκ׸Ըһֱ˶ңκ׸Ϊ˰ɨβ˲ˣӻûôױ¶Ƶʱ궼һܲ鵽ϣϾĿ˵ǲû̫ĳԹˡҲִֻܹˡ
ʱΪ˲壬ǬȻûΪţ֮ٽʹǱԭҪ͵ĻҪһ࣬ǾλþѵׯӾЩ챦ˡΪ˴¼ֱܺˣҲǬΪɣʹ˲ٶ
ͷֻ˵һ⣬Ͼ䱦İЩҪҪĶࡣ
ڸȷһǾһҪƶӵǸλϣһӾǲĹϵһǴԺ˻ʵۣҲ϶Źһҡ


143 ʹ   Ը֮ԡ
Ը֮, ȻҲܷŹĶӣĶӵô᲻֪ĺΪЩ, ȥ, ȻھҪе
û˽½˸ɱ, ܻзɵġ˽Ķֱȥ˾Ǹøˡ
Ǹӵ֮, ôܻ, Ȼθ˽Ť͹ʱֻ˼仰, ûнҪô, ڹٳôĸôܲǱڵ̬ȣҪΨһñ˽ֶΰ, ûˣҲὫ׷Ź˵ĶӵĸǷҲ˵ı, ͸ˡ
Ը̷Χ˸ص̣ʮ, ȥ˰, ˷ŵ֮ȥۿȥ, Ǳ߿ɲǺô, 겻ˣķ˶׼, Ҫнʿѹ, 춼
Ըеĺ, ɲĵؾˣûҪ˵Ѿʴȵ, Ϊ֪ţܻ֮ܲҪ˵ء
Ҳǲ֪ģҲǱӸˣȻ֪Ҳ޹ģϻЩ̲סǨŭһδʲôûʲô廹ǸӴ㽫ŻؼˣڸźˣȻڸͷҲģѱԹ֮ġ
ֻûжƽϣȴûĺ⡣ܵ˷ߣŷҪĶӽϣԭĶһΡ
ˣū澵ĶӰɣū澸ͷˣСүҲûūԺһի𣬸СүͷŹū澶Ӱɣſ޺
Ȼƽʱ˲̣ʱĻҲˣֱ˰˳ȥûǨŭʲôҲͰˣû뵽ȻΪԼĶ飿ѵİƽһ
ʱҲǡɸմ֪֮ºֱӽԭļ˻ûʰһ붼û˰ϳ˸
ȻҲ˼飬ĶӺѵǱ˵ĶԼĶӵʱôӺ˰ͷĸô᲻أȻԭ£
һ£ʹӻκ׸Ǹǳ׽𣬻ǲкͽһˣ⣬Ͼûкͽ˼
֮֮ǰǸжˣڸ֮иʮֵĹ򣬸ֵƯƯģǬ۶ǶͣҲκ׸ĸɵۣһ˿ѰšеȻҲ벻ʦδθİѧϰǿûҲôͽڸзӵѸ֡
ڴ֮ǰκ׸֮ǰȻʦδθ¹ӣŶҲЩ⣬һֱҲûʲôʵԾٶ
ΪΪһ£ôӱʵ۷һ٣ôЩʧʥģһֱԼλκ׸ŭˡκ׸ԣκպٻȫڴϵģһپ٣һҲãǲôӵǸλãһΪԺʵ۵ңµκ׸Լȥ˵ʱһ͵ˡ
ͬڸ֮Уκ׸׸֮Ȩ˵Ŵѹ壬ǸʹӻǺ׵ġκ׸Щֵ壬˵ǴΪδθϰڸţʵĿļλθδθβ֪ء
ֻκ׸Ȼ⣬Ҳûʲô͸Ϊ;ܾЩ񣬲Ȼʱľˣ˵ϾͻᴫյûõĴθ˵ۡȻ»κ׸ȫյȫա˵֮ǰæ˺ܶ࣬ǲɷϣ£ֶغܿ졣
ǰΪһʼɳȻûжþȥ˽һı߹أ⼸ʱûо̫ӵĹٳ֮ϹĶǵ飬ȻǱڸ֮λٳĴ˵Щˡ
ںˣκ׸ӭѹδθʦ̵ټȨڸ֮Уӵѧϰ˵ĻԳɳÿҲˡ
ٹһѮͻʵɹʹ߱㵽ˣ䣬֮ǰڱ߹ǱҲǴˣǱʹ֮֮һӦ֮¾ͽˡǬ׵
Ȼƾܴ£صּ
Ǭвٵ鶼ǽģ⳯˭θͷȻĽʣȴҲòϾȷǸġΪ֮ǰ³ţ֮ھİҲ֪θˣЩΪţ֮Ȼ˺ӣڼ﹩˲֪˵Ļ񡣶ЩԱʱٴȥ˵θ
Ǭ۽º󣬺ܿίɸԱʼȥˡΪ֮ǰһֱǿս״̬ǰӴʹڵվҲķ˺ܾˣһֱûǱߡĳͻǼǱ߸ССĲԭ䣬һЩشƫԶİСҲƵˣǱͻʵʹߣҲæʹҲϽˡҲˣǱߵվòסˣðµȥ
ΪͻǱսܵģһģȻҲǣٰһʢĻӭʽֻ˼СĹԱżȥӭһ£ǴȥվǱߡ
Щʹ߼ȻϾǰʱĴεӭʽҲôᣬʱҲ飬һΪ̬Ȳã˴Ļᣬʱٶǿսô죿
ںѾһˣǴΪ˱߹ذÿζЩʹߵģʢĻӭʽ˵֮ҪʹǸֽ鱦ľսˣ´ܿսǸǲӵĴܣˣһʤ㶼ûС
߸ߵĽĹԱüˣǶйдʹߵľģΪô꣬ҲӭӹüʹߵģЩʹĴβֺģҪΣҪ󶼲ᣬҪСǴϢ
˵ضЩʹŷţǰӴʹߵʱҪ˺ܶ࣬ǸеҲҪеġʱ򣬾Ǳǰÿ춼רɨΰҲҪ˲٣ÿ춼оǸɵĽʿĴѲߣ䱸мжģǿɲЩʹǰʧ˴ܵӡ
ЩʹҲܾûˣʱԴܾߵı仯Ҳʮ־档ƽ̹ˮ·ʮ𾪣ǲţȻ֪ˮĳɱҲߣҪӾˡ
߰ù˵ˮྵˣЩʹ߼֮󣬸Ƿ˾֮ܰĸ̾üʹ߳ʱ򻹲ȥܵı£ϽȥЩĵط˲ٻأɲϡϡˡ
Ҳûֹֻȴ˽˶ǣǿĶ
ʱϣͻ˵˹ڱ߹ǱǺЩԭ塰С顣


144    ڴܿ|ҩȷݺ𡭡
ڴܿ|ҩȷݺЩһ, ûеӸðܡǺ涼޷֤ˣǺпܾͻȥ̬, ؿս, ϾҪˣ϶һ
, ֵĺƽ֮ʣǸóʱڱ߹áС, Щ˿ͬܵİջͨޡ
ǰơС뷨û, Ǹʱ˾ս, Ҳûɱ޴Ļ|ҩ, ʹڱ߹ػУܺͺ˫Ҳ˭Ҳ˭, һ񣬶ԷͻῪս
ʱ򿪷ŻУǰڻ|ҩ, ڻ֮ʱ϶Ҷֽţܱ߹صİҲԷԼȫ
ȿŻ֮, ߿ԭĺ˳۴ߵʳҶε, ЩڳڲԭϾ޶ĺ˵, ϡȱϡƷǰǻЩֶζǽӱ߹ذ, Ǻܶʱߵ, Ǻٵ֡ԸӺǶǴЩԭڲﹺ
ֻǸԭ˺, ΪһǶ, 仹֪ɳչ˼ǰЩɱˣԺûиԭǽ, СɲЩ¶ٶ֪أǻܹıģ
ԾܴЩԭ˱ӻһÿ·ϱСɱӵ˻ǲ١ҲˣÿЩ˴ʳΡҶڴ˾ռߵĶ˺߶ܱǧ
γһѭ˳ļԽԽߣԭϽ˵ĲԽԽࡣ
һв桱֡
ǿŻУ˿غʹܱ߹صİսףҲðΣȥսҺǱߵţȷһֲĽԴ˶ȷһףǱߵȷԳƵϵȵమ֮˵һƥɼֵǧ𡣴гϵţǴһֹӦ״̬ţŻ֮󣬺Ǳٶǲٵġ
ܵ˵Ƕ˫кô顣ǬҲȻǿһԣϾô߶Կ
Ǭ۶ܿ죬Ͼʹڸλ˹ִ¡κ׸֪֮Ȼ뷴ԣҲܿ˾ٵ֪ʵ۴ʱ϶ͬ˾ٵģ㷴ҲûãʹʱҲ˵ԵĻ
ļλθҲûʲô飬ܿͼλ˾ͿʼƶһϵйڡСĴʩĺܿ죬Щʹ֮ǰ
ݺľ飬˲پʵĽ飬κ׸Ȼ̲ס̵ģ岻κ׸˵ʲôӦ֮ûκ׸⡣
Ȼһϵе˲ûǬǰֳǬǰǻάٵĺġ
Щʹܵĵ֮ˣȻõǬ۵ĽӼ죬ķЩʹĿɿڴʱԴܵķʢһµʶʱԵǸǫˣһ˿һԽ֮УǬǰֵʮֹ
ǬۼǷǳ⣬ʱҲƽϵʧˣѾڴˡֻΪЩΪǬҲøǺԱֵþͷǳ䵭ҲЩʹЩսսأŭλʵ۱£ͱֵظǫѷˡ
󣬴ˡСҪ󣬶Щʹˣϲ֣ΪǶԣŻ֮ڱ׵ģԺҲٸ߼۴ЩչЩҪĶˣæشӦϽǩԼȺ¾ûˡ
ǽԴϲ⡰С漰Ķкܶ࣬ԺкܶҪΪ߹·ԶټϺӣ͢Ǳѻе齻ɱ߹صֽλֻҪ߹Ǳߴϰճ͢˵ȥ죬ʲô̫⡣
ⲻ֮ڱ߹Ǳ߶ཨ߹Ǳ߿ǵعϡˣһ㶼ȱұ߹ؿຮİյʮһ㣬еĵطȲǰ˹֮ҲܸһӪ׬ЩǮ
֮⣬㽨ԭڲԭһЩɻһǴʶȴߵİǿ׳˵Ͷˣһ߻·ߣǱĬĽЩ˵
ЩҲͺսģ޷ͨսķʽøԴˡȼ˹֮ǽÿոǷǮǺѲᱻһҪ׶񣬵򶷶һʳһֻҪһ㵫ʮְݱÿջòǮô᲻֪ôѡȻЩ˵ȷȰսţĺʵҲݵģֻ´ûиĻˡ
һ˵ǬҲܿеǱںôܿ顣Ϊͨ岻ͬڱ߹ؽɳ߳͢ʣδа죬Ȼ߹عǱߵҲҪ鵽ġ
ʱЩâ¶ˡδθ˵
Ҫ˵δθЦŴϼ˵ģΪʦָ㣬ʱúܺáκѾҪˣҲǰˣֻΪӻǣûʾԵưˡ⳯͢˵ʱοҿһֱģҲصԼˡֻһǵ㼸䣬κǸˣƱػзģָͻʹʲô˽İݺֶΣԼע⣬Ҫˡ
ʦģһ֮ǰ׼κ׸ǻԵһģһֱľٶֶεóѵġ
ʱúܿ죬ת۾ֵµһꡣѾˣ·ѾȵˣͷһֱβĽ̵˵Ѿ˳ˣȻ̫ӵľӻ̫˵ǱԼ˼ûġ
ﱧŰЩǸضԷ˵һ󺵣ҪɶȥǱ˳㸧οģ֮ϵ㽫Ҳһȥ·ŶһһһأҪиˡ
ȥɣھչ˺ðģֻȴ·Сˣ·˵þЩˡЩĵ˵
·ϵͷ˶֪˵Ƶʱûɽ֮˭ȷûг͢ĳЩ˵ֱʡ
ڵȷˣѾԵЩ˥ˣӺͶ֮ľҲԽԽˣҲǲòϾ˫֪öԷǸλ֮Լ߿϶кùӳԣ˫ʾ
ѾǺʹӲˣʱȫֶ֧ӵġνݴ󺵣ɶȥڿҲǸ˶һֵĻᡣο϶ǲĿŶӽ³ͷģԵȳ֮СˣһԤУһ˳ǲһ˳ġ


145    ǬɶȥС
Ǭɶȥ, еȷǴ֮⡣
ǰ˵м䣬ĻǴ, ֻʱлп, һֱûбֳϾһ¹ش󣬰㲻, ʱ۴Լӣ۲һʱ䡣
ֻû뵽, ʱȥ, һֱɽ¶ˮ϶, ˵׹̫ʴ, ȱһӦеֶΣܵ˵ûӲ˵ġ, ǫѧ˼ƣǶһЩȥЩԭյı֮ӵ
෴, ԭĴӣȴһʧ, , ˵׷, ҲʼԼ, ʼǰԼΪӿԿεġ
ֻ, ˵ºʧ, ҲһӴ
˭ǰûм˽, ˸ּıŶԼһֵλ
ϴȻƷʧϵͻֲⲻҲͰˣϾҪһס⽭ɽļ̳, һֻƷжȴֶεĶӡȻƷж㹻͸ˡֻǷȫӶû⡣
ٴθ̾Լòᣬˡ
Ǭ֪Լ岻ˣλʱ˲ˣʱûʲôоѾܹԵظܳĺ֢ˡѾʮˣȻ̫ҽ˵ޣе˼ҲûˣڻʼҲǸٵˡ
ǰʱ򻹻ͷһʱ˺Ū֮Ǿ֮ǰ⣬ƺɼֶεĴʦҲװŪˣЩϷˣʱأ
Ե꣬ϽĴѡȫ̵Ϊ֮ΪԺļλƽ·
˵ʵӵֶαʱǲԶˣҲΪʱֵڶ࣬λ̫֮ң£ҪǲŬѧϰֵֶܶʱͲ֪ʲôıˡ
ӣֻб˴һ֣ټ֮ǰֵභһʱʧ֣˱˴˵ˣѹӣǺţϴûҲˣûоʲô£ﶼ̫ˣŻСԽŵ|̡
֮ǰȻΪǼ컨֮£˴ӣֵȥ񲿣Ҳûһֱ񲿣ֻͷһû£ָ̲ȥˡ
ûȫӵ˼ԼĴӻоȵģʱҲһʱ嶯ͻС
֮˼·ֱӣҲǵһǡÿδӽ֮䣬õȷҪһЩҲռı
ֻǺȴˣ̫κ׸ˡκ׸棬һҲ޲ɡǵֻҲͰˣҲѧ˶Լڻͨˡʵȴκ׸ԼӳıߣȻֱӰκ׸˵ģȫûһԼ뷨
˵ô֮ǰӰôƯأΪԼڿˣֻûд뵽鵽ȻǸôĽ
ȴ෴Ȼտʼʱ»Կ©ǺԿԿĽȻûдﵽԤڣҲôģˡ
˵ʵԼ¹ԼĻıʿıߣǹؼ˭ÿζκ׸ļƲߣ⵽ͷػκ׸ҰģǵȥˣӵǸλãһϰѯκ׸ʱܽɽκ᣿
ҲѹԼȴʼû˼֮лػ֮⡣
ԴʱʼתѴĿŵĶˣϴǵȱҲͲֵһˡ
ȥ֣ҲŽһ£ĵĻᡣȻ֪һԣּȥˡ
Ȼֻӣеκһʧȥֻʣµһ˿ѡ񡣵ǾҭʳһֱУǲǴش
Σɶȥݣᵽ֮ˣ·ϾͿ϶աǬҲǴģ뿴϶ߵһһض߲·ϱ˰ȥԺλҲزסȻȥ
Ȼ룬ȴҲĲԼĶӵһȥѰź˰иţֻѾԸĵصʱ̣Բܳ֡
ξֻܷͨοˡ
ʹ֮С
Ѿ׼ˣٹҪ͸ʴк׼ˡᰲ˵
С̫׽񲻺ϣ˽ﵹܽУ滹ǲ˳ڣСθˡ̫裬˼ȥѡˡƺ
ƺҲӦǳöӽȥ
ţҲ׼ˣˡͶһһ˵
׼󣬾ˣҪȥԼĸ󣬲жЩΣգҲĸൣǣֻȿĸһ
С
ȥɣֻ·һҪСģǸģ·İţڣҲܻ㡣ȴֻҹŲ㸸ʾ͸øָˣΪ˸ȢӣҾȸˣ⻨ˡʺЦŵ
ᰲѾʮˣѵ࿴ʱʱĸ˵ģⲻЩԭҲɢЩ
Ҳ֪ʱˣϣҲϲˡѾʮˣ͸ָˣֻǸһֱûиţ˼뵽ʱֵܶһָͬ飬ո
Ȼʵʱ²ȫ֪ӿ϶Ǻ͸ˡʮ꣬ͨ˼ҵҲͿʼ˵ˣȴһֱûõ׼
ϸ룬ĸ˵˻ỰŻȥ
óˮȻʱǸñߵ߻ˣ϶Ц˵
Ѿ˴ˣǰûˮ·ʱг̿ࡣΪҪȥ֣ȫٸ·ģϱǰҲˡ
Ȼ٣һ·ȴ˿ûзɹһֱھš˵ڷƽ˾˭Ҳ֪ʲô¹ʡ
ͣǰϢһߣߵк
ѾˣͶӶĽںڰм·ױһ¾ͣϢ֮Ҳǰ·һھͣҵطϢΪΪٵʱ䣬ǰ·ϵøˣҶЩƣˡ
գŰȫٸ·뽭ѾܽˣվͿɵˡ뽭ԽԽǱøӽˡ·Ƕ֣Ҳʣ¼ˡ
Ͻ䣡ӵºˣ
һ֪ʱ϶״ϽİԼ


146 Ϯ   ȥݣйԱ֮⣬
ȥ, йԱ֮⣬ӱһˣ⻤ĵȼҲ˺üΡĻ, Ǿǽϸϸѡ, ٮٮߣ˵һ, һʮǿԵġ
һֱͶ¸鷳, ս֮ǰ, ûмųȥʲô
ʱ, ûл , ЩԶԸȻʱܹ˵Ҫڻûˡ
ص, Ѿˣ˼ڣѶС
, Ҳˣǵȳ˽㱨, ȼ·ᰲ
, ¡
, ε˼, ȻӾȫƷ, ǷЩè壿ᰲЩɻ
ڳ֮ǰ, ôдǱߵκ׸˿϶ô˻, п·һֱšֻû뵽Щôһ
ֻ, һЩǱ̽· һЩ˲ǾǱߵģ򲻸ôǡ
һǴжᰲڵĺܻиͶ֮󣬾ͷԸˣǸӾЩԷĻеڶ͵Ϯ
 ֮⼸ѾˣǴӽǱģ˹͵ϮֻǱ˲û¶棬ֻǸ˽֣Ҳ֪˭
ᰲ˶ûзʲôᰲȰǿһѺ͵ݰɣҪˡ
ǣס
ЩǣʵϣЩǴӾĻãôҲֻһ֡
ɱȴԼǽǱģЩˡ˵Ļ˵ǴУԾǱߵĶְнǱ߲ӭڰпšҲ˵Ǳ߿϶йʲô£Ȼ֣ǺοҪðΣд̻ӡ
ЩҲֻǲ²⣬ǻûеｭݣһжδ֪ģҲ̫ǣԼ̫󸺵
ֹ죬ڵˡûн뽭ݵĵǷ·ѾֽܸܵƵա
ʱ ߵ״ȷ㲻úá
սţǱܿڵİվۼڽֵϣһݵƤǡгһʼǿЩŷĻ֮ǻǲĵɢȥˡ
ʱȴЩ޺үǰɣ㷹԰ɣԸѺ⺢Ǵ˿϶ԿֻҪһ׾С
һֱһߺš
ĸ̾ҿ͢ǹ˲ȻݱȥпܳӶʳ
ᰲʱҲǴŰѳϵʳȥģ뵽ǰĽ̵֪ǰʳȥ ܻȻֹ˼
ǵ˽֪ĸǱߣû߳˽֪˹
¹٣ºˡڽݴ󺵣Ҫǰ˲٣ողŽӵϢ֪ѾˣϾ͸˳֪Ϣ˵
ᰲҲ֪ʱʱ̣Բδֻ֪ǵû£Ҳ⣬ڵ֮ҪϽաֵʳ鷳ȥЩʩˡ
¹֪ˣ˸Ͻȥ


147 ʩ   ᰲʮ˸Ž֪
ᰲʮ˸Ž֪ŵһȥʩ, Ȼʣµ˶ߡ
£ߵ֮¹Ѿ׼ˣʱס֪ɽ˹˵
ᰲ˼ȥ齵ĵطź, ȻŽ֪˵Ȳȥ, Ƚãϸϸؽ˵ص˵뱾», ǽԽݵҲܸ˽һ
ǣ롣֪ŶӲ˸档
˱㰴նӵµҪ, ˴δ󺵽ݵʱ, ַΧ֮ڵĴֵضһһ㱨˳
ϱεĽݴ󺵵ľġ¹ٲ, ûǰִ󺵿ʼĶ, ҿʶƵɵ, ҽݰ֮¹潭ݵİջλͬл»нˡ
ᰲΪӣ๧άĻû, ԲδԷ֪ⷬʲô̫ķӦֻǵ˵ͷ, Ȼû𣿸ʲѾּݿɿˣ
һ, ȻҲ, ҽΪ, ˰û, Ծǿ, ܹ֧ʳҲޡ
أûдʳ𣿡ᰲʵ
ֱΪӦǺֻǺֹ, ʳġٲҪϸϱϵܺȻ󾭹׼ſԵģԿٲַһҪͨȰļ, ִļһðеĸЩ΢һļͥ˵һ֡
ں֮ʱڿٲֵȻ׼ڼ䣬طȿӦԺ顣ֻȴеĵطضģϾط˰ղôٸأڴУֵġ
û뵽ӾȻֶ֪ص£ȷҲǴʳģκַΧ̫󣬿ַû죬ֵʳˣ֮󻹺ñǱݿַּ´ˣ߲ܼάżգǺٲֵʳҲûˣŶˡ
ţ֪ˡЩֵӦѾ˰ɣȳڴܳڵطεĹԱڻʮϤģ˵Ѿϸѵʱߵľ϶Ѿѱˡ
ٶҲԼۿһǷݼ¼˽ϸᰲڴѯһ½ߵ󣬾ҪЩʱļ¼
ʱֻվһţû˵ŶᰲⷬĿ࿴ӳɳ˲١
ȥЩļ¼ù¹Ŀ˶ŸԼߵĵ˵
ǣˡ
ܿ춫ͱ˹ᰲ¾ȴЩȥˣʲô»ǵģ˴ˡ
лҪҪ¹˹ȥʲôҵ˵һʱ֪ͨ¹١
ˣ´ֺ㣬л˺ˡ
ᰲȥѾ׼õ齵ĵطȥˡ
Ǳߵ鷿ᰲݸһ룬ĿȻԼһ롣
졣
ᰲʵ֪ʲô߼ʲô⣿
û⡣еĴ
ͽ˵û⡣˵ЩصĶϸ鿴ЩڴˣҲе㡮١Ǳ֪ݣǱ߸տʼҲǺƵģ۹Ŀ鲻֪ж٣ԿЩֱЩԡ浹ҲȫǼٵģҲвӦʵģĵطǷΪһϵԭ򣬶鱨ˡ
ᰲüͷһ壬ҪҪȥ˴ʲôĿģ鱨鶼һϾǹغյҪ¡
ס˶ӣȲҪҲвٹ£ȰǴݾ߾Ͳˡȥв̽Ⱥ죬ľ衣
ᰲ˵ͷټĻ̸һƶһķ͵Ű֤ݶ鵽ˡǿ϶ģǲ֪ⷸжˡ
ڶգͶӳȥ֡⻹гʩܶ࣬ÿʩﶼ˳ӡΪڳ֮͢ǰߵ־ѾΪʳж߰ˣڼ䣬˲ˡ
ڰһʩģǲҪǰʩտʼʱ򣬾ѾüеñٱƷˣ˽״źһ㡣
ᰲһǴܳĻӣһڸĴθǵ㹻ˡŰյ棬Ϊʩһࡣ
ʱ򣬶վһʱĸ̨ϣлҵǣʼա͢ѾӸصʳˣЩʳ꣬ʳܿҲܵˡ¼ȻѾ˱ٺͶӵݣǾʹŲ᲻ǣԽλԷˡ
˵ü򵥵㣬δ˵ЩģЩտ
ЩۼİգĻֿ˿̨ϵĻӵ£ȷǰ˲٣ڽʩУΪȷʵˣ֪εӦòǰһͻȻжˣҲ϶û¶٣Ա֮ǰٷ˳ͻ
֮д֡Ϊڴڼ䣬ﲻ󲻳Ұʬ帯þͺײߣԾҪʩԷЩǷ֪飬ͶֻҪڷԸЩƶõĴʩͺá
Щ˵ļ𣿡鷿˰أ鷿ںĸ˵
ѾȥˣΪӴһֱںһ򽻵ЩѡĸЩΪѵ˵
ʲôѵģΪʳͻǺ𣿶ƺѾоˣڲ̽ٲ֣ܿͻȥ㾡һЩǳɱЩˡ
ˡĸҪ˵㱻ˡ
ôѵС¶ã
ǣĸ֪Ҫ˵ȥ˿϶Լ²ֻܰҪ˵ڵĻ¡
ֻǳȥ֮ЩˡΪӻǸ˵ĵն˲٣ټԴԴͽݵľȼзĳͻѾˡŻɱǼˣ϶ۣһӾͻע⣬ʱǱ߾òԿ϶˵飬¶ˡ
뵽׸ô
鷿Уڳ˼ϵı鲢ÿû뵽α¾Ȼɶӹ֣һǲ̫úŪģ֮ǰͺױ¶
һղǴ󳼹ܿһܲвôвڶ·ϣȥǴҴææİŵɱ֣ɹȥߣֱһûӱ㱻ץסˡõʱϵɱֵʱûб¶ݣԾɱֱץסˣҲỳɵϡ
ǱѾжˣǲ֪鵽ˣ֤ѾˣҲתˣʱӦò鲻ǡ
ᰲɳȥϻʼ㱨ǲ鵽ĶΪ̫ټϲܴݾߣǲ鵽Ķ飬Ҳʱûв鵽˵ĸǰȥ
ȵȣѸոյ˵һ顣㱨˵һ룬ͺץסʲôĻ


148    ˶һ£Ȼͽոա
˶һ, ȻͽոյĻֻ㱨һ飺ڳ͢׼ַ֮ǰΪֵʳֹ/, һմųͷϮ͢, ֪Ϊ˷ֹģı/ҷɹٱ׽Щ, ˻ɱ˴ͷˣ֮/ҲŵƽϢ
⣿ᰲʵ
ⷢ/ҵǺ, ǰڴ֮󿪲ַʱڼȻ֪Щɵ, ôⳡ/Ҳ֮ܵ, ˵ͻʲô顣ȥһ, ˵ܴ淢ʲô
ᰲ˵ͷȻͷԸȥ, ȥϸһ顣
ʱӽݸصѾһЩʳ˳ѳСɽôʳ, ڰˣ·һֱεҲˡ
ᰲֽοʰյ, ȥѯ˰һЩڴĸ, ͬʱ˽ǴǶԷ֪ڼĿ
֪ڰҲǲ, Ȼûʲô, ҲûʲôΣյֻôһ, ϵɵ㵽ʲôأᰲЩɻ, 鷿ȥ
һԷŴӸﱧûõĸ˱, ߿ֽ̿Ϸɿ¼š
ᰲҲ֪ʱæҲδ´ţǳȥѯĽˡ
ΪѾҪץסͷ, һֱæſ˱ûлȥֱ鷿ﰾһҹȵ˱ˣ׼һᣬᰲЩشƿźȥѾˣϸǷ˴¡
һ˵Ҳ˾һŨ裬ȻҲ˵˵ɡ
ᰲµҲЩȥ֮ǰǳ/ҵȻом˰Ŀŵǳб߼ϡϣм߼ʧ˻Ȼм˴ͽ٣ͽץס֮󣬿귢ɱ֡Ǽʧ˻ģȥ˸ϵʱѾյòˣҺԤԼ޽ĵؽ˳ǰںõĵص˳ȥΪҵļǱ̽飬ӳȥǰ߼ҵĻӰϳǵݣ͹עһȣҲ˻
ǿΪ֪ʲô飬ԲŻᱻڵģʮа˾
ţ¶ˡ⼸ҵ֪ģʣµ˼ҴߵʱûиߣǵҲ֪ʲô顣ͨ⼸֪˵ĿǼĵҵֵ֪ʳ֮ôû˱Ϊ֪˽͵͵ؽʳתˣ̰ȥ
ǸΪ͢׼ּ⻹û´ʱַܿĹٲ֣ʳʵҲûˡЩ׼ҴƹٲûʳʵȻٳŻ¶֪Ŀģ֮ǰ±֪ǰ֪Ϣ׽ǣԾûнϢ̫ˡֻû뵽ǻûü¶ͱֱ֪˸ɱˡ
꣬Ҳ֪ôһˡΪʲôЩߵļ˵ʱºûб֪ڣһΪƣٰ鴫ȥʱʹղ̫ţǺ˵ҲԷ֪Щɡ
ҲǷ֪ҲΪԼʺ󡣱ڴҶĻ̵̻ʱɱǼҵ˾ѾվЩˣϾʱҶҲЩΪҵˣҪǵļҲɱˣ϶Ȼ󲨡
Ͷ˽ݣҶԷģʱ򷶴±鵽Ȼȥˡ
˵Լ߲鵽飬˵֪Ǳǲ鵽ʲôˣ
彫ֽ˹ȥЩϰһҹĳɹֺ˿ŨᾫŵұͶԸֱȽУһ˱ͨԱɸѡҷ˽϶˽̹ÿĸ˰
ͨߵ˿ڻнıأٽļŸݵ˱ҷÿϽ˰ЩԾȻֽһؼ˳ͨһŵļ㣬ƶϳϽĸ˰ˡݰ˵ģ⼸귶֪εʱҲûʲôҲųЩٵõ˰ϵĿܡ
ᰲԭΪŲðյľѾˣû뵽֪ܷⷶÿϽĸ˰ǹغǹҵĸغŹһӣҷ飬ÿ꽻Ϲĸ˰ĸҪʹýй޽Ҫڸ֣ϺܾòܲøʶþԼ˽⡣ֻһ֪ô
֪ˣûзһ⣬Ժٽ˵ܳΪܹٳϵһŶΪ¹شһ⽫¸֪ʡ
ڴµ֤ѾյزˣʣµЩ֤ݣֻҪ֪ץȻѳᰲ׼ȥ֪ץȴֹˡ
ȻֹҲΪ˶ӵİȫ룬˭֪˻᲻ṷǽʲôʱȵһ£ȽɳȥĻȫٻȥȫЩȻʱһ㱻ˣˡ
ᰲȻҲ֪ڲżһʱ̵ʱӵȱɳȥ˻֮ٶ֡ڼ䣬ָᰲϸؽһЩ˱ؼݻܺ󾭹Υ֮ᰲ̰۵Ǯһ̵֪
Щȫټ֮ᰲ׼һȥҷ
Ǳ߷ҲЩȥ˵ڻûдϢҲ֪ûнڣӻǸθߣкܶЩ⡣
ȥӵ֪Ǳ߷ʲôôͻȻǸӾټˣ¡
شˣȥһֱûбȥӵģʱֻ̽ǱߵЩƵ֪Ϊνټ
Ҫģʱ򣬺滹Ҫ£ֹҪ˼ڵĶǱѾ鵽ʲôȻ˱Щ鱦ѾתˣļС⡣˽޶ͳȥİ¶ˣһӵʱҲһ㡣ҵʱ˵ҪҾУͲˡ
ҪԸʱ洫˳ô£ⳳ³ɺͳŭȵ
ͳȥ
ֻǻû˳ȥ˱ˡֱ֪ӻЩ߲ƣЦǰӭ֪ºʹ¹к£ôʦڵģ֮ǰ¹ٲ˵ˣǵʲô飬ֱ¹˵һУôڻҪͷºһء
ᰲû뵽ʱ֪װɵֱ˵¿ɲͷ˵ЦģҲм㡣
ʣ¹һ֪޲޲
ãǾͷ˸߱£еʳȥˣԭʳ֧ܶżյģôôûˣÿϽĸ˰ôЩأ


149    ˴˻һ
˴˻һ, û뵽ӵ¶̶ʱ֮Ѿô˵ЩµʱѾδһܻᱻֵľ򣬵ǵĴҡֻһ컹ˡ
ʵϣǽݴ, ͢ӹ, һӶᱻ֡
ʳȷǱתƳȥӵģֻʱ, һ֣תЩεȳٷŻȥΪʳɳ, ʱ䷢ù˱, Ҫٻֻǰһ̶, ת־ܵõһӡ
ǽݴ, ֮ǰֵĴ󲿷ʳ˳ȥûü滻Ȼͱշˡ֮͸ɴһ, Ա|֮Ǽ֪ɱˡЩ˵ļΪԭûɱǣڿ, ˵Щй¶顣
ȷСӻθȥʳһ, ǾȻܲ˽̸˰һ, ʵ𾪡
֪˿϶Ѿȷе֤, бʱȴװӵ˵ʲô˼, ¹ȴЩˡֵʳǹ̶, ټϽֵʵڶ, ֲ֧˼ҲǺ顣Ǹ˰, ¹پ͸ǲˣҲ֪Ϊε»Ĳ²⡣
Ѿ֤ݣʱᰲܾͻᱻⷶ˵ıݸƭ˹ȥ, ᰲʢ˵Ϊ̫߱Բʲô֪ڷ̹ף֤ݣһ븸ʵʱԷ˴ᴦǷִԲ򣬾ݹֱˣ顣
Ȼ֪ԼµҪǱ˻ʲôʱ˶ӵµв˿ûʲôҡ̬֮Ǽ侲˵ĪǼ߼ĻֻǵĻοأǼǺɱǵˣǲŻ˵ݺң
ᰲû뵽˵ˣ˾ȻڽƱ磬ܲϣֵ˿ǵɵӣֱ治٣ҲڽƱˣֱӽȥѵĻ϶ѵ֤ݵģ˻ǲҪײĲǡ
¹ûЩ飬ʵԩ
Ǽȥѣעûа֮ģҳ֤ݣͨͨ͡ᰲߵļ˵
ʱҲ֪Ҫˣֻο˽ȥ˵Ҫ˱Ѿתˣ鷿ƽһټĸ̸֮أ滹ŲûдĺۼһЩź֮ġ
Ϊ֪ˣһֱֻ죬ûвϡ֪Լ鱻ҲųնҲ塣ȻβƴһأӻվԱһֱ˵ǿ϶֪ٶθһɱ˵Ļסʱȳ͢ǱˣѸͽͺá
ʱϻΪݲûбöӶǨŭĴۿǱҪСĶࡣ
˼ˣھˣԾһᣬɱˡֻҪ˵ʱ򣬶Ǳ߾ͳˡ
ֻߵһԼٶȿһգ֮ĲһȵĻշһͷԭϵĵѹѹĲ˲ðѪ顣
ϧģԼһſ˵ǵѹʱٺˡ
ᰲؿ˿ס˷˵Ļ˲λеĶӳȷǺãڼϢ֮ͽ˸ס
˱ס֮ͺðˡһ˷Ѽ֤ݣʣµȥ˵ĸһץ֮С
ھĿ֮ȻһֱŲ˵ԼЩЩ˱вҲϳԼ飬ĸȴôᶨˣûñ͸¶˺ܶ飬ԶᰲѾ鵽黹Ҫࡣ
̾ⷶ˵ҲǹģʲôϿǲܻС⣬ӡŶˣܹϺüεˣȴô顣
Ϊĸûܰ̿򣬻ʲôʲôǲ֪˵˱ﶼˣ֪Ѱųȥ޶䡣ʱѾȥˣûã˾ܴˡ
ͺ˳ˣڸֹڽԼЩ그µж˵˳ѾֽϻѺˣᰲʱһ


150 ˷   Ȼһ󡭡
Ȼһ, ҪҲ١Ȼˣ˭֪ĹûвˮأΪЩ鷶֮ǰĸҲû˵ҲȥԿڹˡ滹ǵ廹жȥС
ȻڷѾѺϢȴûй¶ȥ, һֱֻС֪Ͼڽݴ, 黹ûкתĲ, ʱ׳ôһըѱղᱩ|ҡ
ʵ, ǷΪһ˽, еĴ󲿷ʳתƳȥ, ֮ǰΪȥ˿϶ϲ١һϡάһ˵, תߵʳԭܾȻˣ
֪ⱳİգ϶Ǻ޲Ѫ, ʱϢǾԲڶ֪ġ
ȻȺȥյ, µҲṫ֮ڣʱǱ㶼ˡ
ȫ, ʱѾ˰, е֤ݶԱڰ, ׼˿ˡҲѾ, ڼʹ
˵Ըй, һΪ̿, Ϊ廹жᰲ˲ȥ׷ѱ˰ųӵļҾ, Ǵطǰɲͬ⡣
ֻǷȻôʵ, ¶ԼҪ˱ô̰۵Ĳʵ
ֻǵ彫һͷһСкǰʱűɫ
СкǱˣǷ˼һӣʱڸоǱ߲ԾʱѾʼ׼һԼ꣬ҾĵͽСӴߡ
ΪʲôѡôһӣһΪƶʣСδǰ÷Ӱº֣װ̫谮ӣȷȷʵʵ谮ĶӣΪϲӣڼĴڸвߡ
ҾתƵʱ·ʱӽȫҾץʱҲע⵽һ
㱣ϣ¶ץɱˣųնѪҲϾҲΪйʱһرĵص㣬ŵĲԺɽġ
ʱͱܾòô򵥣ôѾŴĹٳüˣԽ֮ǰ迴һЩȨıҲǰ׿ģԼһ·ˣ;÷˿϶ǻ׼ġ
Ȼͱ巢ǰװС·ܵһһٸץסˡ˲ڷڼһֱʹʱʱڳԵĳ˭Ϊϣһϣʱ򣬶ܵ
˴¹شǣ˸˰ϣȻ廹жӾ⽫˴ˡҳ˷ˣҲ׵ģǣҲ͹һ㣬ֻزͬѡ
͢ǱһʱѾղˡղ˵ʱͶѾڽߴˣȻûȫȥѾ˲٣ǵҲָ
ʱͶǶȻʹؾˣʣµһЩͽյղˡ
֮ʱͶ˶ҵģǲŴǱߵ˲λᣬ·ǱߵҪι̵ʱ򲻶֣ǵȻؾ֮Ҫٶ־ˣԶڼ򵥣ױ֤ݡ
ΪǱʱӾ裬·ȻҲ಻ٵǴҲ֪ʱǷǳʱ̣ҲûбԹһֱСŵġ
˭нڼ䣬ͻȻǰĻһ˲䱻˲侯
һ˱»ˣʣµ˸ӭСζĶӳ˵ڼ䣬оˣӭ滹ԴԴ
ڻԼ˱õ¡
ͶͨҲ֪εĵ߲ƣȥݵʱɱǿˡһһʼΪ¶ڵ˵Ŀ֮£Ļ˲ˣǻú淴Ӧ˹׼˽࣬ذԭ·ľ档
Ǳ߲ڰ˼ӦҲûˣǶ˼ڰɱ˶ǵģԾˡ˫ʼӣͶӳȻǻ˵ҪĿ꣬Ҫ߹
ǵǰ׼˶ƣҲŵĹߣҲֵܵһ
ʱҲףĿҲ˻ľ㲻Ҫҳȥһ¡
ᰲֹѾŶƳ
ִóڲڴǱָӭеĻӶӳһ˲俪ʼ´
Щ˻׷ʲôֻЩȫǸȥսΪʱթǰеͷĿ벢û׷ȥԭع۲һ¡
ȵľʱõǸոմóĺҲǱģƳ񵯵ġ
ȺȺ˹ȥǱ˲䴫Ųҽеıը
ź־ܣȻ߾Ͳˡ
Ǳʣµ˿ȥϴѪģͬ飬֪ӦԵģԶһۣ˲ܻʱУȻܡ
岢û׷Ϊڶвˣһȥ׷ױƣܻзƻɱǹ
ӳȻ֪ڵµİΣҪԲûȥ׷վŲȴԸ
ΪġǱԭһصˡʱơʱ¶̫󣬻ըѳӣ̫ͣ̾Լˣصص䷽⼸ź϶ܽըˣܲܽȫըһδ֪
Щǰ鿴ûлˣһȴؾȥ˵ܲһЩЩ˵֤ˡ
ȷϣȷûΪšǳǻԣܿͽȻʼǿǷ񺬶ְǵ°жԷҧԾ
ڿԳ𣿡ᰲѯʵ
ᰲ֪ԼԱ֮ѧҲèĹ򣬲ǿõģԸոնսʱûзҪȥѹһֱŽִšֻʱȻѾƽϢˣȻ̲סһ
ˣȻˣѾƽϢˣȳɡ
ᰲոȻҲģһһõǡ
˵ը|ҩȻҲ˽Ūˡԭڱ߹ؽը|ҩ֮󣬷Ӿͽȥʶش֮Ϊ˱֤Ӳ䵽Ǭרּ⣬רƹܡصĺܡ
ǬȴδϷӵ˵ЩʲôΪִ֪磬Ȼٽй¶ȥҲΪϴ彫ˮķȥ֮󣬲δˮ۵ȣǬ۶ġ
ֻ֪γΣգ֮ǰԼ͵͵˼򣬾͵ŵ·һ˶Ը˵ʱõġʱȻص˳͢Ǭ۹ҲΪϾȫ̶ԼƵģûиˣ󱣻ҲǻӵİΣ
ŶӦô¶ҲֻǴԸһĴšȻᰲ겢ûжʣǵлˣҲǱңŻóЩը|ҩģǵպ󸸻ʹĻҿ϶ġ
Цŵģû飬̶ܴϲҵģϾǸҪ
ͶȻǻԡ¡ƣʵҲǽСӵĹϵϵȷҪ׽٣ɵͶ˵
·;ǽ֮ʼɶˣҲ֪ӦòˡŻȥ˿϶ҲˣȻǻ֪Ҫǽ϶Ҳȥ޻صġ
뿪ĸºڻˣҲǰһûʲô̫仯
ǸոջͶҲȻظҪȥһϻ㱨ڽ֮ǰ˸Լ˵ϢȻŰĵؽȥ
ζӻڽݵı֣ѾóǬ۵ϣǬ֮ǰѾˡ
˵⼸һֱڴЭԼıҲǿȦɵˣǬ۵Ԥڡ
ȴΪ¶ټ廹ж֮󣬲˼䣬ˡ
ڵȷʱ̫ˣҲߴڵ֮Ǭš
ظ֮˷аЩΣ⼸һֱ࣬Ҫĳɳˡֻһڸ˵±ع׵չ˰鶼ǰʻżһµģΪ֮ǰ컨һҵġ
ٶҲĶҪãؼ֮Ϣһ죬ʹŷаһȥׯϷһ¡ͻˣҲǴ׽Ȼɡ
һ˽լ
棬Ҫô죿ȥ˶ʧˣƽˡǻڽǱ߷˴㣬θʿ϶ǵıֺ⡣tЩŵضκ׸˵
룬룡κ׸ֻŴӰ˰ְüû˵ĻȻҲЩꡣ


151    κ׸Ѿоǡ
κ׸Ѿоƫ˶Ǳ, ڸ֮һֱǸ壬ƺҪԼ⡣
ЩǷǳԴϴǼ컨֮¹ȥ֮, ǸԶߺͽ, Ȼ
κ׸ѾմȨô꣬ôܸľȨãӵǻ, һٻ󶼻һ㣬ԺҲǲŹӵ, ˵Ϊˡ
취
ϴȥκ׸ˣǬʵ
Ե̫ܹܵر, ݹ̽ӿ˵ǵġ
Ϊ̫ܹ, ̫˲Թɫĺñ, ʱѾƫ˶ˣ֮λпܾǶӵġ, ܸһ٣ѻ˵ίһ㣬ھͲ, ѾûֺõıҪˣ˵λӻˡء
ܹܵĻ, Ǭ۵üͷȻ, ʵ϶أɳˣ
û, ˷ֱ֮, Լع, ⼸쵹һֱûгȥ, ˵һ·۳Ͷ, ҪϢգȴȥ˻ʺмأǱ߹˵ӵ˺ü, ʺģԲŹȥκûʺﰲĵġ
𰸣Ǭ۹Ȼ⣬ţǸТ˳ģ⼸Ҳˣһȥҵ˽϶ϲĶȥƷҲһЩһš
̫Цŵǣūȥ졣
ϴ벻κ׸Ǭ뵽ӿ϶Ϊκ׸ŻǸκ׸þ⣬ϴȫȥϴһĵģ˵ԺҪϴӳΪκ׸ͨƿسء
ܵĽɽôһң
Ǭ۴Ҫκ׸Ϊκ׸̫׽ʵڲһ¡Ȼӷ˲ٴǬ۶ЩϲǵԼΨĶ֮һҲԸԺ
ŵ϶Ϊ֮󣬸ϴأ뿪ǣȥ֮󣬰Լ϶ϴֵЩԹޣҲҪϴҪκ׸Ͳˣκ׸϶ǲĵģʱ϶ϴȥ϶ŸɣҲܻ϶پ췴ʱ漰췴϶ϴԼǻǼ췴ֵܿûġ
Ҫϴ·϶Ժû鷳κ׸ǲˣȻõĽԼǹٹ磬Ȼϴķκ׸ϼԶԶģҲȫôЩľˡ
ʺľ
صظ׼õĻᣬ涼Щ˼ҵСӣ㿴һʺһݲӵ˹ȥ
Щֻýӹ˿Ҳֻ˵ЩõģֻȴֻͨʶǵĶѣʵûĶġ
Ҳ÷ĸ⣬ֻõãĸɣҲҪĶϱ
ʺָָӵͷЦͷϱ㲻ԼѡĸѡһԼԵȴԵָأӰǵ÷һģ֪ȲźãȻһôȥ죬ϸٿһ飬ߵͻᣬһЩ󳼼ҾżеСӵʱͿһûϲġ
УĸġᰲȻǸԺҲܺԼʽ㻹нˣûзĸ飬˵ҲĴҵϲСӡ
ֺͻʺ˵һỰӲŻ޹ʱ򹤲ǱҲ˹⽨ͼֽûʲôطҪ޸ĵġ
ᰲӹʸʮطŽͼֽݻءǹԱӹͼֽ˿аӲδ̫Ҫ󣬸ĵʮطҲǺ޽ģȻǾеæˡ
ᰲʹӸڴУ˵ǳˣǰļ͵ģڹס˺üˡȴ԰ȫΪɣһֱסڹڣ֮ǰ͸¶Ҫָ˼ſʼ޽ۡŵָ׵ʱ⸮ۡܽˡ
ԴӽݻᰲԸֱ󣬵һֱûм档һΪ˶ҪϢգΪ˱ӣʱһжע⣬һļ˸ʼɻͲˡ
ȻľȷģڸǱ߷̵˴ϢʶԴӾȥκ׸ѾЩˣֻҪסУܶ´֮λ
ǱߵĴҲڿ͹ͼֻֽȻǲôźҪù˺Ѱ죬ǸпЦ£ⲻ¹ٲͬ⣬ԤͲѽ⻧Ԥ㶼ģʵ㲻Ҫ󡣡Ȼ⹤и˵ǣֻҪӳӣ֤߱쵽ֻҡ
⹤еĻشȻǲģЩ²ܣȥһҲûôҲãµҪøˣȻҾȥ˵ǰ²ˣŸҲΪС¶˵Ұɣֻǲ֪ͷϵɴñסˡ
ЦЦȥ˾˵¡Ǹ޽ɣӲ˵һһɣҲº˵һ˵ôŪ
Ҳֻˣ˭źأ
ӵƢȷãȻҲΪϳȥ컨һСӵ顣ֻӣ˵׺Ǭٲ˹ϵ
ڴͻСʱǸʱҲôãĸκҲǵóʱǬ۶ԴӵȷǷǳ۰ģһԺ󴢾֮λӣʱԶС˵Ҳ۰ǲһġ
߲ȵ͵ĵطֻӵĸǻʺ󣬻ʺִƹȨʵҲǸӣȻҲû˸ڶҰֻڣɶӻκˡ
ӴСǱŵģ˽ִ֮λĪĻҲûټκκ׸ԴҲʮֳ谮⸱Ҳϡˡ
Ǳ߹֪˴ӵҪ룬ǴʾϣϾûӲС£룬Ǳ߻Ҳһͬ⣬⻹ǵʥϾ
Ǭ깤˵Ļ֮ȴûͬ⣬ǵͰԭеĹҪ뷨ĸۡط֧
ǣ֪ˡ˻ϵĻǾͺðˣҲܴӵвˣҪʣǾ˵ǻϷĻӦùֲǵͷϰɣ
ǬôҲŵȸۡûҪѴȥˣҪٲӸۡҲ˷ѣ絽ʱȥصʱۺϵӸء
ֻǴȻǲ׻ʵ۵ģ˹˹Ļ֮ˤ˲ٶ


152    ܴߣȡ
ܴ, ȻϷˣôܴôв˶ûãΪ浽ϸǰȥ
ǲٻ·ץļȥǸ, 촫Ϣ, ûпʳĻʹѾˡոɢ, ͳԱߵĶ˵
ţҲѾյǱϢ, ȻûйĻʹͱڡ⵽˭ɵҲǺײ³ˡκ׸, ˭ôı˽νȫڡᰲƽ˵, ûбֳ̫ߵı顣
֪ô¾Ͳ˵, ǵ㵱ģκ׸дǱϾͻж, ǹ̲ˣ㲻ҪţʱֻҪȵ, Ǿͻżȡ, ֻҪע⹬ڵ, Ҷš
֪, лˡᰲ
ļ, Ǳߵȷ, ̽, ᰲֻǾ, ֵøӳȣûôǱߵóѵ˼
Ҳǲ̫̫ƽҲ˼С, ܿͱѲԺ˷֣ܾˣҲ˸ڵԺŰ
ˣӽճʱ˴ˡ˹㱨
ΣЩż
ֻߵĸ첲̫ҽκ˵˵ĲأŰ¾Ϳɻָ
ŷġӻκ׸Щˣʹĳȷڣֻڰˣھ֮ڸɱͲŻ֪˲
ɱȻҲκ׸⡣
Ҳ㲻Ҫжôȥھ֮ڸɱڴ죿¾жǱ߲ᷢ֡κ׸ŭ
֮ǰҲǻ·ϰȥɱˣôͲˣͲһ㣬϶ˣ´ֻҪȥСһ㣬ҿ϶϶ġӴ
㣡㣡ھ֮ڻлĽҰһھҪǲǿ׶ˡȥѴȥЩɱʧܵڰɣҪº󻼡κ׸Ŵ˵꣬Ҳ֪ѾˣԼ˵ٶҲûˣʬ𼣲Ҫȥ첻һϣһҪˡһֱԼߵܼ˵˰˴ˡ
ǣСȥ˰졣
´ҪжңҪ˽Ըôһˣ⻹Ҫʰβ͡κ׸
У棬֪ˡֻ취ҿ⹬ѾҪ϶ˣôȥҵ֮𣿡
㲻Ҫסһ취˽жκ׸ǰǴԺס˼Ž̳ģֻû뵽ڴӸô鷳ûа취ֻܸʰ̯ӣںʹѾһˡ
ԸȥǼӹڷ̵ȰŴӣҪκ׸ڴ֮Ը
ǣ
Ȼӻκ׸ǱƵǶᰲ˷⣬δֻҲ˾Լÿζڷʱ򱨸ȥ
ȻµĸļƲ߾ǰֻƽϰŴʱͷӵѹȥó֮Ĳࡣ
ȻǲϣԼļ̳ǸкֵܵģȻû˵Ǵ뵽һ׵ĽǶȾס
ȻǱߺüβְֵ꣬ӣǶȴδ˶ѧֶͬΰȥټӱֵԽԽɫǬ۶ʮ⡣תͷѰ˸ѵ˴һȻҲ뾯ʱ֣ҪȥϾѾ϶̫ˣϴҪºֽ϶ȫˣ϶ٿ㣬Ҳ̲ˡ
ǬҲֻ֪ҪԼһ첻´ѡһ첻ֹͣڵһھѰգѡˣҲ϶Ϊ̫ӡ
ˣܱһ󣬵ǻص޹֮У˲ʧȥǣһգ⻨ƿյˤһס
ˣٻһɣѾµĵ ˣãˤܱȴǿֻҪЩūųСС̫һʰһ߰
ʮʮţļգ
λɻҪࣿǬ۵
ҪĸոմǶѾ˵ˣʱȻûʲôҪĵˣ澲ĬһƬǱΪҪ˳ʱǬȴ˵ˡ
һ޾ɳٳٲ֮ǰΪһֱû¾вٰﶼѾżˡѾˣ´ҲҴܽɽˣް֮󣬻ܼʢȥ
˵գǬ۵ͷɨɨλ󳼣ʱҲ˼죬һǹͬģǬۿ˵Ǹѡ
tƣֶҲǲף޵֮磬׼Ϊ̫ӣ
˻һ䣬ƽؾף
ЩѺжӴʱȻǸˣԺµ۵ǻǵĴȻȥΪͶЧӣֻҪӶЩӡǾ׬ˣԺ󻹳βȥ
Щӻκ׸ĹԱʱȻһˣֻǵȷǲôˡ
֮⣬ҲֻЩһֱĴˣѡһӵ̫ӣ˵һģܹ㲻ͷ
ʱȻ˲ĵģֻʱ˭ҳͷոǬֱѡ˵Ҫλӵʱ˷ԣҲֻᷳǻϵŭ
Ѿϣκεķ޿λû˵Ҳ͵Ҷͬˡ
ϻ˵ϣʱ뷴Ҳ˵ˡ
ȶ⻹Ҫѡһλ²ż汸ε̫̫޴θΪ̫̫λ飿
ǬôҲԼĿǵġ
Ҫ˵ڸ֮кͶӹϵõȻˣǶӵĽ򣬵ǾΪϵ̫ˣǬ۲Ųģʦн˫ݣöԺ峸⣬Ҳڸ֮һ˶
κ׸˵ˣǬζûнڵġδθǹֻʦϵԺǻڸһҶθôһ㡣
˻Ǭۻѡθ
̫ʱļθˡǬֵ


153 ̫   ּ졭
ּθ
, ˳ɣǬ۵
ʱʹ˵ʲôʱҲֻܱˡ
ϲˣ̫̫̫Ӽλ, ǵʦβĽ
Ϊ׼̫ӵĶᰲ, ³ûжǻصԼ޹ʱֻǿͷ, ʥּδ£ᰲҪסԼ, ĽҪͷӡ
ظ֮ͷ˵Ϣ, Ǽ, Ͼôһֱһġ̫, էһЩ֪˵ʲôá
˲ôⶼһ, ЦŵǺȵףɣ
ľϴκһȥɽׯǱ߷ɵʱҲ˲پƣľ, ʱҲûоܾ, ǺЩѾư, ﻹ˺ü, ȡȰɡ
ǻʵ̫ܳ, Ҳõʲôˡ˵ʵ, ǰʱ˽ǽǹ, ҪǴӱΪ, ԺǸλãĸлʵܸô죿ʱӿ϶ݲ»ʵܣȢҿ϶Ҳǣ, ԺܱܲҲǸδ֪
û£õˣһжõķڷչҡ尲ο
û뵽ǿҲйǵʱҲɷʧְȷʱЩˣ뵽ﲻɱЩھΡ
ţ㡣ȷõĵطڷչĺܲҾͽĸһ˵Ựĸʱ϶Ҳڸš
ͷ˵Ѿ˷֮󣬼ЩˣźϴЩϢˣǺȵѾȻߣǺȶҲͷġ
Ҳϴһϴ֮ȥ˰ҪˣѾʼˡȻСֻղ˱ʣд֣ʶǿ԰ŵġ
ÿֻҪʱͻһЩС£Щ¶Լģ׶ɵģº󻹻̰ϼ֣ǵ׻Сӣֵ˵ڶ˵ͻˡȴΪʱٽһġ
ҪĹдˣ׼Ÿʱ򽲸Ϊ廹ҪæŸ̫ʱļϻܻһЩСҹʱ϶˯˵ġ
Ǭڳ̫֮ûգʥּѾˣֻҪȲɺ󣬶Ӿǰ϶̫ˡ
ʱ﹬ķѾԵתˣ˵ûвŴȥֺδ̫ӵ˼Щӣӻκ׸ǱǱ࣬ŵĹԱʱҲˡ
Щ׷ӵĹԱ˵ĺʧ˵ģ£ǰȷ׷ӵĹԱԺµ۵ǻܵõõļ̫Сˡʱ򣬾ȥתͷͶҲǲܵģһǱǿ϶ȱˣѾ˴ӵӡθҷǣ
棬ǸǺãЩꡣѾԵظо˴Ƕ϶̬ˣԴ϶Ϊ̫ӣЩͽĹԱܿͼʹ棬תͽ϶ˡǰͶ׷ĹԱʱҲЩɥܲеĺ֮⣬ṬԵ߲ȵˣЩһĸĴܵˡ
ٵȵȣǻҪȴһǡʱС̫ڻûλʱأǾͻлᣬʷϱϵֲ̫ûУˡκ׸˻⡣
µʱҲֻһͨĻӣȴӲظȥ̫ӣԼǸλãȻˣβС
ţ֪ˡȻ˵ҪһȣʱֻӣϾ֮Ҳû취ˣҳ棬ҲûΪıˣļƲֻ˭ģ
ҲΪˣŶӱΪ̫緢Լֻܿţȼɾв̫ӽ֮ĻҪܵ
κ׸ʱΣأϵѹǴ󣬳ԭ׷ĻõĹԱʱ򶼶Щ룬κ׸Ȼ֪еԭȻŭȴһֱûбֳеϣڴˣǲʲôֶζһҪǸλõġЩǽͷݣԺʮǵġ
ΪҪһ£һʱ䶼æ֮ǰ涼¿ѭٴͷʼˣֻҪԸļȻԸ־УȻܰɡ
ܿ͵˲̫ӵһգǬ۴λ󳼾м룬ڣڼСҲǲϸ˵ˣȼ֮󣬾͵ʽʱˡ
ʱҶѾˣϾһһ˿иķ࣬ǽͷϷǸˣȫȴһ̵ĵ
ãֱҲûгʲô۶ӣβ̫ӵ̺˳
ǻڲ̫ӵǳ̫ˣҲΪǬʹˣûǰˣǬڲ̫ûͲˣ˷纮˸գúء
ˣκ׸̾


154 ͻ   츸ʵô
츸ʵôᰲƫѯʸոոǬ̫ҽ
µĲѰ, Ƿ纮ĸհˣֻΪЩԲŻ, ʮ־ա̫ҽĻص
㿴Լ೤ʱ, ʵָܻ糣
˵ʱղȷ¹ٿԱ֤, һ£¿϶ԺȻʱɺ, ֻ̫ҽ˵̫ƶ, Ȼʱò̫ҽԺλҲͷˡһյĻش, ̫ӵһ, һҲЩء
ţȥɣᰲֵ
ҩ֮, ᰲ˰ҩݸȻڴǰ̸ʺҩ
ʣҸոʹ̫ҽˡ̫ҽ˵һ㶼, ǿЩ׶ѣٹһʱ, ϶Ϻ, ʱӻҪҴأᰲһιҩһ˵
ˣ޵, ȲǻˡҪʱ, ôһ纮, ޻ڲ, ڴаǬ۸̾
ܻ, ôأÿӳأ
ôһ˵޾⻹ûȢأȥﱧӡϴλʺ˵Ҫٰͻϴ࿴Сӣʱ찡Ǭѯʵ
ĸԭպ, ڸˣ⻹Ƴٸ°ɣٰ죬ʱҲȥѰѹءᰲЦŵ
ˣͰԭʱɡʱԼ࿴ͺãϲһȻޣʱΪָ顣Ǭ۶϶ѡһ˼ҵСӵ̫̫ģԺ϶Ҫλ϶ģһСӲȢ
ǬʱҲЩ̾ҲˣԼѡϲСӡʱ򣬼ֵȢ޵ʱһȿӱļܸǴܷȡǸλõʱʤ㡣
ȢʺʱҲǼƣźòûʺȷǶԻʺЩεġȴڣΪʱֵ֮䣬ԼܹǷμǸսֵģ
ڵӣǻûȢޣѾ˴ѡҲͲȥЩˡ
ȺҩǬ۶һֱԱŵܹܵȥѰϵ۰
ܹܲҵʱ䣬ûжþͽ۰˹ȻַԸһС̫һų۷ŵ档ûһᣬǬƽʱ۵ʱõĶҲ˹ŵ˳ϡ
ʣǣᰲЩʵ
۶Ȼ˵Ǭ۵
ʣ񲻺ϣ廹ûأôۡǵһ˵ɡᰲȰ
޵Լ֪ڸպҩõúܣͰ˵
˵ᰲǷ϶øᷳҲû˵۶һʼ
һһǬ꣬ٽͷ˵ᰲдȥûþʹһۡ
ȴӾ֮ͨ󣬿ľһڵĻ档ֽȭָײĸһ˿ڡ
ʣˡʱӦϢӦôۣЩأ˸֮˵
ԼһʱᰭʲôˣպʺҪͻ磬ʱ޻Ϊָ顣Ǭ۵
ʵһʼǬҪϴ϶ԼѡδѡģǸո۵ʱͻȻ뵽˾ٲס
ӴСЩĸģ϶Ϊ̫ӾͿ϶Ѿﲻˣʱ򣬿϶һЩ˼ġʱҪԼѡδӣ϶ѡһƴСӣ֮ɻӱļ϶Ҫ֧ģʱϴͻڱΪ̫ӵ϶̨ĳ档
ԻǲҪҰĵĻãʱѡһƽµСҲԺ˷ϵӦҲܹúܺá
лʡ
ǲ϶Ÿʵģһദʱ䳤ˣֻøʸƫ϶϶Ѿǲ̫ˣŻ۴˳ˡǴﻹǲζһᣬ֮ദ
ֻǻûеø˵ЩʲôʱʱǬ˵ˣϴûȻذɣҲõ޵壬̫ҽء
⻰ҧʺϹԼԴ϶̫ӣһжˡ⻰һ˵϶϶͵Цء
ʱҲֻõǣ븸ע壬ˡ߳ȥ֮Ըⲻ˼˿Թޡ
Ȳ϶ǰǸģΪʲôڱԽϸ룬ԽֹסԹޣԻԭΪĸ֮鿪ʼʧתȫǲ
ʱһͷһҪ϶̫֮λקһҪǸλáڲǲű̫Ӷѣ¹˭ֻδ֪϶ɵ֮һҪøʺڵѡ
˹ţȥֻʵΪǵģһֱûиıǰ۰ȫǼٵģȻô϶̫ӡ
պͻ硣
˵ǬΪԭûеСӵѾˡ׼ѡһ϶
ΪȽˣ϶ȥԼ࿴ѡ࿴֮󣬿һ˹ֱָ顣
ʱĴӷߺޡ˵϶һͬμߵͻ磬ƾʲô϶ԼѡδӣʲôֻܵŸʵָ飿
ʱ͸Ӽᶨ˾ģٴᵽǼҲûôˡˣָָɣԺǵǸλ֮ʲô˵ò
ⳡͻĸ״СҲ֪ͻĿʲôԶڼһʮֵĹԼȡ֮ʺһӡ
ҪɻĻλǴԶǳѾ̫ӵĶģϾֻҪ޸˶ӣһˡ
ⳡͻ֮СȫȥˡᰲʱҲѾδӵѡˡ
ʷŮǬ϶˵ظ
ظʣǵģᰲ
ڣ
ڣʵʷҵŮͼˣֻǽղ֪ݶѡ
ǵһĻƽڣΪɳΪʽƣͺͻʽһȥˡʱи̯ϵһÿֻҪ¶еĵղߣŻʽȤȥһԣܲӮʽ㡣
Ǻû뵽̯ǰе˶ܸһСӣȻҲǸСӽյӮ˻ȥʱע⵽ЩȤֻֻƼˮ꣬˻ƽһ죬Ҳû˽
ͻϣһ۾ϳţڳСӣȫϤȻˣΪʲôѡһԼĶأ붨ˣ͹͸˵ˡ
Լѡģϲͺáվ͸ϴͻ顣Ȼ϶ѡһʷŮЩȣǬҲûж˵ʲôܹѡԼϲġʷȻλͣⱳҲûʲô߰ұҲһֱЩظˣǬҲصԺ϶ȢŮ̫Щʲô
ϴָѡǬѾˡ̲ɼеĵŮȻߵҲԲ̲ͣɱκ׸ˣָ飬Ҳˡ
ͻʥּһȥ﹬˲ը˹ʱʷŮѾ֪СӰмˣ׷װһʲôʺˣȻԼ޸̫ӣǿûпʷŮˡ
ݣйŮݸߵǱȱȽǣòҲ֮ʣÿĶأֻǲ֪Ϊʲôѡ
Ǹָӵ֮Ů۵˾ЩϾڵ̫ӿǶӡȻʱҲû˵ָӵе͵ģϾҲ̫ӣ̫Ҳһ֮Ůء
֮󻹲꣬ûջǱһ֮⣬ΪȻֻһ鸻֮ΪӵķأҪڳɻ֮סѾ˵ĽҪǨȥ
ڳȻȣȴҲûʲô̫֮ٸӷʵֻû뵽ôҪȥԼķء
Ҳ˵²۰ӣϾָӵķʵǸҪǲ۰ֱ㷢䵽ƫԶĵطˡֻҪ˵ʮ۰ǲ֪Ϊα¾ȻôҪӵȥ
Ǭ˾ʵΪ롣ǬҲ֪ԴԼ϶Ϊ̫֮ϴ϶᲻ƽǼʣԽھͻԽ࣬вʣһʱƲסԼ˲顣Ǹʱ϶Ϊ̫ӣ϶Ҳϴ󣬵Ժ֮϶Źϴ
ľ治ǬԸ⿴ģԸϴȥأֵʱˣ϶̫֮λˣϴڷǱϰˣҲͲź϶ˡ
ڴǸԼ˼Ȼôֻôȥأ֪һ޷ǶΪ϶Ϊ϶·һߵȥٷı̫ӣ
̫ƽˣƾʲô϶ȵԼƾʲôΪ̫ӣһαӣƽʱֵһլʺģġ
棬𣿡
ҪѾڰˣ˼վյҰŵ˴Ϣˡʵһ㣬ǹؼʱ̣ҪץסѱɵϡȻıˣǶ꣡
֪صġԴǸѾû·ˡ
ȻѾͻˣǻҪ׼飬һʱɲסΪδС飬ʺ󾭳ԼʷŮȻʷŮǻʺ󣬵ÿνڻʺ߿̫ӡ


155    ӣͲȢ⡭
, ͲȢɵŮҲȥ顣Ͼȵ³֮ʲôŮ˵ò
Ǭ۵޹֮, ̫ҽ
̫ҽԽԽصı, иʱ״̬ᰲֲõԤС
ʵ嵽ôˣ
̫ҽ˲ڵ, ˵
һֱڴϱ۾ǬۣͻȻ۾, ˵ʵ, ˡ
ʱ, ̫ҽŸ֧֧ػصҲû뵽, ֮ǰϵʱµĲѾںתˣû뵽ûй, Ȼٸһʱ䣬ȥҩ
̫ҽ˵ڵϲ̧ͷ
ᰲûп̫ҽǵܹ, 鷳ȥ̫ҽԺ뼸̫ҽʲȾһССķ纮û뵽Ȼôûк, ԽԽˣȻ, ǾͶ̫ҽ, ҾͲ, һССķ纮Ȼܵز
ǬʱȷǷǳ, Ҳûᰲ, û, ܹܾʹ̫ҽԺļλ̫ҽˣ̫ҽԺҲǶĴˡᰲͲڣôһ, βһССķ纮
̫ҽַǰǬȻִյһһŵ¿Ϊ⼸̫ˣԲŻᵼ·纮ͻȻصģ֢״Ŀǰûеġȥ¿һҩñ·һգЧ
ˣϽҩɣ̫ҽܿȥҩȻ׼ϽҪãɱ·á
ʣڸоôˣᰲǬ۵ĴԱߣĵʵ
ǬʱȷЩܣȻ֪ԼȷˣЩõģû뵽Ȼô׾ͱһССķ纮򵹣ô춼ûȬ
ǰȷ̫ˣԼƽѾʱˣҪעһãǬ۵죬۱㲻Ϊ޶ˡ
ᰲ⻰ȻЩʧҲ֪纮ͻȻغпܾ۵ģҲøˣ֪ˡ
û뵽Ǭ۽ֺܿ˵Щ۾ȽˣͰ֮ǰ
ȻѾ϶Ϊ̫ӣôЩýһӴ۵飬Ҳûʲôɡټ߹£леطҲûʲô·϶̫Ҳûʲô
Ϊǻ֪ʵ۵岡ˣǬҲںˣֻҪÿܼϳͿˣЩҲʱ¡
ᰲȻû뵽ʻôܿڴǰһṼģڸҪעԼ壬ȸ֮󣬾Ϳ֮ǰɶۣȻٿڸˡ
ǬοЦţʱɵúúŬҪﲻģҲڸļλˣһʱ̡
Ҳ̫ӵһ飬ʱֵܱòĻ֮ҲܰѸ齻Ҳ϶̫سչʾԼĻᣬֳֻ㹻ǰﳯĸԸŷŲûжõ̫ӡ
ᰲ֪ԼκεʧΪЩ֮󽻵ֻҪһ©ͺܿᱻ֮˿󴫿ӻκ׸Ϊ̫ӵʱвˣʱԼǵݰѱȥ
ʱ䣬һ˿һиڸ֮еļλ񣬶ÿҲҪȥ޹ʵģ븸˵ļ϶ҪѰĳЩȽҪ۵븸֪һ
ڸʰ۵ȨʱˣҲֻ֪ʱģʱҲ϶ڹ۲ı֡Ҫֵسɫֲñ˾ѾԽ˸ȥҪ飬Ҫ͸һ죬ԲøʾԼ̰Ȩ
̫˵ʱǬȻ˵´βú˵ˣԼͺã㡣ᰲǡءϰڷǶǬ˵һ
̫ı֣ȻǬ˵̫ӵȴġʱΪּ֪ͬʱϵּ̫ӵģֻǲ֪Ǵʻ̫ԼġȻҲʣֻԼš
Ǭϳʱ򣬵вʣȫ̫ģĿǰ޵̫ӱֵû
ǬϳʱǾˣ֮ǰȾ纮岻ʵʱϳʱܼһÿϳϵһ룬ԵЩˣһβιȥʱɧңҧס⣬ͦ˹ȥ
ҲΪǬռϳȻ֪ϽǷȴҲûصķȥ
ǬԤԼٹտܾļֲϳˣп糯ʱιȥȻһȷ̫۵ϢȻιȥ̫۵ͺпܱЩ˶ʱȻ󲨡
Ҳû뵽ԼѾزȻһССķ纮岡ء˼ĳֵȻ̫ӵıֲҲ岻ʣŶɼգ޴Щȥйһ£̫ҽҲ˵á뿪һ£̫Ӽڰʲô鶼̫˵ɣ޿ɲйʱҪߵ񡣡
Ǭ˵Լϳ֧ŲˣȻóеĴ󳼿ʼĸ˽µСҲϲ٣ȥйھˣҲɴ˲²⵽ʵ״
ҲѾڹ˲Ѱҽˡķ纮һֱãԽԽˣǹڵļ̫ҽȴԴ޲ߣӿ˲٣ȴûһõġļ̫ҽԼõģܱͬʱҪʼǲƭԼġ
ڴ⻰ûʲô̫Ӧ϶ȷ˵Ҫȥйһ£岻òۣۻ񶼽̫ӣ㻹ܳ˵ͬԴҾֻܽ顣
ǰҲȥйǱߺüΣǸʱҲǲϳģֻй˽ǽȥ͵йǱ߽ɻȻͻǵ۲ǲ͵йǱߣ͵̫ѣǰҲ
Ǿ£Ҳܿ϶̫ӵأȻܷĵؽ½̫Ӵ
ɢ֮Ǭۺܿͻص޹ûãй˶һҩǬһּ֮¡
⼸ȻҩԽԽģȴ˿ЧǬҲֻܺȥ̫֮ҽܿ͹ٸֻǬѾǲʲôϣˡ
ҪκκˣλϵڡҲûǨŭЩ̫ҽԼҲǵҽѾƵǶˣʹȴôһ纮ûа취ǵвҲһ¾ͰĲκˡҲֻܼϣڹѰҵҽˡ
ȥйǬȻǲȥģȥǸȻй뾩ǲԶҲҪݳһܵ״Ҳ۳ͶˣԽԽ䣬͸Ⱦ˷纮һֱãȥˣ·Ͽ϶÷纮صġ
ûȥй֪˺٣ֻ̫ӻܹܶˣڴȥйĻʺҪǶ˹ǱߣŵҲȻǿԼӶûȥʵ
ʱ̫Ӿס޹֮ڣͬʱҲ԰ڻ޹һֱ˽Ҳỳʵۻ޹档
ֻȻʱûзʲô飬Ҳûκ֪ȥйǻϵһжǬչȴɱԽԽˣʮ첻Ѿˣÿ˯ʱԽԽ
ǬҲɱһֻţϾƽһ˵ʱζʵ˺¡Ȼ֪Լ岡úأֱڴʱԵʱ֪ԭԼԭҪصĶࡣ
ʱźܹܻ̫ҽԼס޹֮ڵ̫ҲɵñǨŭˡᰲ֪ʵ״ģԶڸʵǨŭûֻǸڵ״ʵġ
ڸʻйǸи̣϶һѲʵŵһ£й˲С
Ǭ۰ûиȥйļ̫ҽʱҲǽ֡µ֮ǰ˼֣񻯵̫ˡֵǣôΣⶼֻһССķ纮ѡǰصķ纮һڹҩټǵҽҲûþܺαµķ纮ôΣ˿תļھһʲô⣬Ͱȥѳᡣ
̫ˣҩˣӦص˲ϳĵزŻȥйڵġκ׸ʱǳ˷ܣѹôʱ䣬һ
ôˣʲô˵ɲҪˣ֮ǰƲߵʱɶΪ㣬ڿɲҪ˵ҪʲôˣҪ۰㣬Ͳӵ̫ˡκ׸Ŵ˼ѵ
棬ģҸողûкڡֻ֪˸ȥѰҽˣ˵ҪǱô죿Щǡ
ģҩǰҩʱҲͲݣһݱǰȥˡһԵɺµʣݣһõ˱ϣһҲҩɹ֮һˡҩµֻ֮˵÷纮һ֢״ôҲ뵽棬²ϵóҩˡκ׸ŵ˵
ˣõˣǸýһˡйһܳŵˡʱǶֵʱˡ
ûãʹԡµǱ̫ҩˣȻλ˷纮ȴôʱ仹ûкãƽ̫ӾڱµߣֵĿܷǳ
ȻܿԾͱѹסˣ˽»в̸ۣеĴҲԼԼ֪ˣȻĿǰûбֳʲôƶᰲ˵ʮֲ
ҥڻпܴŴžΪ档
ᰲʱ򲻿ΪԶȥʲôֻͣЩԭЩԵ˾飬ܽ븸˵
ʱֻ˽ԲߣŲ


156    ᰲ鷿
ᰲ鷿¡
Ϊ˴̫Ѹ, ûձ㴫˹ڹ⣬ⱳ϶ֵģȻЩθƽ޹ʵ̫ӡ
ⱳֵ˭, ˴ӻκ׸ѡ, ȻҲųڰ£ôӺͶӶܾ, ԺСѡڴӺκ׸ϡ
ԲѹԽѹԽ, ᰲһʱ֮, áԶ֮, ֻԿѹԡ
, ﹬֮ǰԻûɢµˡ
ڹ, вٹ˶˽̸۴¡
֪˵֮ǰΪݺ̫ӶųģȻ̫ô飬¿Ƕ̫, ̫ӾǱµļ̳ˣðա
ôһҲѽ
Ĵ֮󵽵಻žͲö֪, 廹ᰲ˵ԭĿҲҪ, ֻΪ˽ԭѹס, ˮˡһ, һͬ, ҾͲò˼⵽һ, ҲͲκһԡ
һֱ޹֮ڵǬȻԲڴ, 쾭˯ѵʱҲ֪ڵԡ
һʼǬǲ̫ӻԼҩϾԼ۶, ѾʼȨˣȥ֮λҲͰ϶϶̫ӵģȻˣ϶̫ʲôҪҩԼأ϶Ϊݺ̫ӣǸӹϵɢԡԣ˭Ȼϴ϶̫ӵΨһߡ
ֻǺȴ뵽᲻϶̫Ӷ뵱ˣֱӵʵۣ궼Ըȣھɱʡ
뷨һֱѡԼ̫ӡ̫Ȼû⣬ôĻ϶в֮ĵģ룬һ֡
Ⱦ֮󣬾Ϳ󵽵˭˳ˡȻЩκ׸ʹӣȴǲ̫ȷ
ûãеĴ󳼱յйǱ͹ıͣԭ²أϲھټ󳼵йǱּ
λյϢ֮Ҳһû뵽ѾǸزˣڸ׸λθԼвسйǱߡ
û뵽±ԤƿҪʱ仹Ķ࣬ҲΪȥйһڣʹӶ񻯵ġûϵ缸춼һڱѾҪˡκ׸뵽
ΪѪȥйκ׸Ļᰲ飬йĽ䱸϶ûйϸ񣬿ɱȻʹǱ߳¼򵥶ˡ
κ׸ƻһȸϵйǱߴ۸گʱ²أֻҪ˽ȥˣǰڲʱûּλӣʥּЩ̵Ĵ󳼿϶Ҳٷԡ
ǵȶӵйǱ˽ɱִⲻдʥּλӣȶˣҲûѡĿˣλֻܴˡ
ºڳ֪Σֲû飬һǵѡġ
ᰲ֪ʲй֮У֪ʱ򸸻ʿ϶б⣬ֻʹ֮󣬸ֻװʲôҲ֪һȥ
ᰲҲͺڴһѸٸйǱˡֻǬȴҲûȫ̫ӣҲڰи
ִʱ򿴵ôʷ黹һЩ粻ǰ׿ģڻʵ۲׼ּʱ̣ͨΣյʱ̣ʱ׷䡣κ׸ǵ⣬α²׼ּĻˣȻд󳼶ǣµּˣȻѸ£Ǿ뷭Ҳûлˡ
ȥй֮ǰȥҾǸٸˣǸȥйǱ߰غãԷʱҳӡȻйǱ·ȻͲҪˣȵйе˶ؾ֮ٻȥС
ᰲ̫ӣ϶κ׸ǹҪĿ꣬ᰲԭȵĻٷж˲١Ϊ˲裬໤ڰأֻҪᰲһΣգǺܿܳ֡
λ󳼻λӸϵйʱ򣬾ͼɭϣвʿѲߡʱߵܹվй֮ǣλ˿ˣѾȺܾˣڲǿŶѣλ˸ϿūŽȥżϵһ档
ܹǬص͵ߵģϾϷȫףܹΪε̫ܹܣôܲط֣ڡ¡أ
ڴ󳼸ܹܸȥµʱⷢˡʱȺеκ׸Цһ£ֻЦһ


157 ı   ͻȻðɱ֣С
ͻȻðɱ, й֮ѲߵıҲڸ˲
ԱǶĳֵܵס̣˲䳡ͻ, ҷ׷ɢ, ҲܷɢĿꡣ
ûüԶԱܿ췢֣ЩɱֺûҪǵ˼, ΪǵĿλӡ
ֻʱȻӺͶӶڱɱ׷ɱ, ܵѹȴһ, Ϊʵɱ־κ׸, λ˴, ΧҲϷѣҲȻ֪һ, ԲԼİȫ˼߱Լ˵ȥλˣ
Ҳ̫ᰲ״Ͳ̫, ΪɱֵĻǼһϣ㹻, ʱȻܽЩɱֻ, ǱİȫǿԵġ
ʱκ׸󳼱˰·, ԼϽǰйǬ۵޹֮, ΪͰ, Ҳûʲô, ܿҵط
κ׸մ˽ȥ, ͷܹܴ׼ʱײˡֲøոǱʱκ׸ͻȻܹܲ, ԭ˻
ܹܼκ׸ˣκ˻ȳȥĺãλ˶ٽҲ١
κ׸վſڵﴲŵı£ܹܵʱܱסˣˣóȽȥɣּҲǿԵġ
Ǳµ˼ѵκ뿹ּɣܹܺȵ
κ׸״ҲܹˣֱӶ˵˸£
Ϊڰ֮УڵȻŵģܹܼκ׸Щȥκ׸˲
ʱܹܸϽȥǰּڻȻɼţκ׸κˣ췴ɣٲ֣ͣѲߵĺʲô𣿡
κ׸ЦܹܷİɣѲߵҵĵڽأһʱƸϲˣܹ밲ĵسϣͽеʥּңһһ
룬ūžԲὫʥּҳӣ
ʱҲѾ˦˸˹ҪϹĴ󳼣ѱκ׸ɵ˸·Ͻסˡ
棬ôˣõּ𣡡ӽ֮˵
ûУģҵϾܰЩ۵˳ˣּùˡ
ʱκ׸̫࣬ڵ޷мܣʱסܹܵѾڵأܹܴæܵʱּͻȻڵأκ׸˼͵κ׸ϡ
κ׸ֹּȻּǴλڶӡ
ȻˣּҲûŵıҪˣκ׸˵꣬ͽּӽȼŵĻ֮С
Ǳߴϻŵı£κ׸ŴӵּѾһˣȥôˣҲѾˣʱֻҪȥˣ¾ˣ
ܹʱӵָκ׸»ûȥأǵţֻҪ˸ϽǾܲˡ
ܹ˵ʱ򣬴ϵġǬۡ˶һ
ܹܼ״˹ȥѣ
ģҲѲˣȥͱ·κ׸˵
ּˣӻб¶ˣλֻܽˣ棬Ҳκҵˡκ׸ԽԽǳ죬޲Ц
ܹܼ˱ƽ£ŴӺӵ£ѵ߱ѵǰʱ۰𣿡
⻰Ȼ׼·ˣϺЩҡʱκ׸ѴӵǱ۰㣬ּλΪ̫ӣɲҪūŵĻƭˡ
꣬Žܹ߿ڿʵû˵ֻǱͷȥ
ʱй֮ڣתոκ׸ʹӵ˸ûã֮ǰ򾩳Ǹٸ˾͸ϵˣ֮ȥڱΧ̫ӣΪ˶࣬ûþͽ̫Ӹ˳ЩΧ̫ӵҲΧס׼ܡֻû뵽ץסЩ֮һûסٵ˶Ծˡ
ˣץ˼ڣѾԾˡ
סոڻбײʦȻ˵ͷãʰֳ˸һ̫ȥӪȱ£ʱ϶Σա
λΣƽϢ֮ҲǸ˹׼廹̫һȥ£
Ϊ³ǰ˴ξΣˣлˣ
ᰲ̫Ӵͷл壬ĹԱʱȻҲǶлģصҵҵҲϲóô˹ǴʱҪǡ
Ǳߵڣκ׸µ˳ű»ԣ׼ñӽͱ·ʱͻȻ˼ײ졣
κ׸̲סתͷһȴʧͳ죡


158 Ѻؾ   κ׸ȻǺܾȣû
κ׸ȻǺܾ, û뵽ͳΪʲôͳʱӦھǱѲôᵽߡ
κˣı, ڻ־, ˵»һ·ͳŽָκ׸˵
ڶӿ϶Ѿ, ֻҪ߱ҲˣλǴӵ, ʱͳҺѽκ׸ĴЦ
ŶǱڴ֮ǰºȵϽ֣κ׸һ, Ǳߵ±׼ֵʱ, ϵͻȻ, Ȼ˲ͷһذȻǰ˸֮סˡ
ôᣡκ׸, ˿϶Ǳ£Լҩģʱ¿϶ǲܴӴ, ˡȻϸһͷݵ, ֻոΪԶټעһֱܹ, һֱûп˲Ǳ¡
ǸݳɱµʱҲαװ, һѽҿϵġ, Ȼһǳͨģ
κ׸ǧ㶼û㵽й֮ڵ˸ǲǱ, ˵²׼ּϢҲǼٵ, һжֻǱһ֡
ЦȻϵ, ô׵ؾôһǱ²Ϣ˫ۣΪǰҩɹñ³ɹƮƮȻ, һж԰Լķֻڣˣ
ģͲһ㣬Ͳһ㣡
֣ͳҲٺκ׸ϻˣֱȥκ׸ס
κ׸Ȼ࣬ͳȣһӾͲˣߵ˺ܿ˵ˣҲͳ˸Ʒڵأ˫ס˲ӡ
ˣߵĴӵ-ӱϾǻӣЩûǲ׶
ͳƳһ۵һ£κ׸һһʰйߣѺؾ
ʱҲˣǰһһжҪɹˣϾõּϻλһжûˣҪɽߵ˲Ǹʣô˵ûвأȻȻȥ֮󣬸֪ʲô֮϶Źġ
ЩˣԼôӦģû·ˡһϣոսйʱѾȥɱ϶ˣ֮ǰ϶ǺܲġֻҪ϶ЩȥˣʾһŹġ
Ϊûӣ϶ˣֻԼԼ̳лλˣȻĻλʸô˭϶һҪ
ɾʱִһŲֻǿһۣͲһ˹ȥ϶Ȼû
ͳ죬ôᰲʵ
ʱĴ󳼿Ǳ߱סӵκ׸Ȼе𾪣ǺܿҲƶϳ﷢ʲôκ׸ıʧܱסˡ
ͳ̫ˣıѾץסˣֻѺؾб²þˡ
ᰲû飬Ͼıһ׸һǻӣ̫ҲûȨ£ֻܽɸʲþˡ
ͳ죬أڳʵ
ͳ첢û˵¸ͲйʵǵѾȰźõ˻ͻؾˣʱӦ·ϡ
ڳŷģûκ׸óѣκ׸ıɹĻЩйƴ󲿷ֶҪľ֮С
Դᰲ֮󣬾Ѿˣ֪ԼڽˡѺʱҲûзҲΪ֪ԼǷҲõİɣ
ʱŴӣҲ̾һɾӶࡣôӺκ׸Ѱ·Ȼѡıǵȱ¼ݱҲ̫ӵǻ֮ҲѶԴӳ֡
ΪʱǴλ̫ӵģп϶ҲԼĴԺ䵽һľ֮УԿ϶Ҳƣ̫ҲڱµּԼ֮ϵܶԴӳ֡ھͲͬˣı¿϶ǲ׷ŹġֻǴǻʧȥģһδ֪
κ׸ıˣѾͳ컹ٸһסˣǿ϶ǱɵģֻڻеֵҪؾȥ
ǻʹ֮ڡ
ܹڽйǱ߷鸴£ɫԽԽܿͿ
£Ҫ尡ܹܴ
û£˵Ǭ˻ֵ
ܹΥֻܼ˵ȥ
Ǭ˼ϴΪʲôȻܿԼʱǰɱ޶ԣ˵ֻǵʱʵǣҲӦ
ԭѾΪϴ׼·϶Ժǻ֮ݲϴֵܣҲϴȥϴʵʵشڷأһݡ
Ǻκ׸ѡı
ʱǬȥκ׸ҲѾˣҲ˸£ǰκ׸ͣıҩűزģ


159         ֻȥ˼ʡ
ֻȥ˼, ҲֻóһǾûнҩ
廹жʱգǬ۴бڴʵµ̫ҽ
̫ҽʱθ˵滰±һŭ, ȥᡣ
Ǭۿ̫ҽı, ƺҲʲôҲЩ׼, ˵ɣ
̫ҽŲΡΡر£, һ£
Ǭ۲, Աźܹܹ±£, ūͼȥѰҽ, ˵һҵˣһӾܺˣ
޵Լ֪, ҽҲΪˣˣȥɣһ˴һᣡǬ˵, ܹܱ̫ҽȥˣֻ̫ҽǳ˹, ܹȴûгȥ, ֻʮԶĵط, Է߻ʲô, Ͼµ嵢鲻, Ҫ˶ȥ, һʲô, Ѵˡ
ǬѾ֪Լʱ޶ˣԤУȻƽ, ǰβԼʱ򾹻̹Ȼ
ֻǾ̹ȻأѵʱᷢתֻͻȻ񼣣һӾͺ𣿵ȻᡣҪ֮ڽ֮ǰԼĺ¸źˡ
֮ǰҲΪԼ˵ܻ꣬Ժ̫ӣ̫֮Ҳδ̫еؽʲôֻǴһ̫ӸԼѧֻû뵽ȴҲûʱˡ
ãڸ֮Уκ׸Ѿǳˣʣµλθθ֮֮ǰκ׸һκ׸ȥˣ֮ܳǰκ׸ġǬ۵ȷǴθκ׸λãֻΪ˲ɵڶκ׸ԺԵǻ˵̫⣬θƺһ
ڸ֮еδθθõѡȻڳϻûʲôȴΪʦڸ֮б㲻С˵θҪһݣǾŮ̫ӵĽƾݣθԺͲ̫ڸ֮дһƺˡ
Ǭ۱ˣθΪ׸λθ䣬ʱڸ֮бֶһθ֮λǬ۲ûнθ֮λϰˣ̫ӣԺţҲΪ˸һʩĻᣬ£һ³ӵġ
ּܿȥ˻ϲ˳ϲЩ׷θˣǰ׷κ׸ˣȻδңκ׸հѴκ׸Ӱӡ˵ڵĵ׸ǰθδĻʵǶӣλǰκ׸ԸЩڡκ׸ˣԺ󻹻ǰ;
κ׸дӵĴã֮Ҳˡ
ı浱ĴǲɹϢģκ׸ȻҲǲģձҪȫ嶼նڳҲԤϣϾıĴöǲģκ׸³ҲǾȡԹ˵ġ
ڴӣĸ꣬δҲһǽΪˣȥػ꣬뿪ȻûҪ˴ӵǶڴ˵ҲͺҪһ
ڹеκǱȥλݣ乬ѾǺõĽˣΪûҪֻǰͷʺ󶼲òһκ绨һ㣬乬ûձԾˡ
ӣҲȷȥˣϾǰôŰ裬ѱ˸飬ڼѣ˭һţȻ̲ˣԲŻѡԾһ·ʱҲûʲôԾۼ˵˵ˣļѱˣҲû˿Ըˡ
Դ⼸ּ´֮󣬹ڵ֮࣬ǰ⽣ӰӣҲһƬƽ˾ΪڴҲ緭ˣλעڶҲ̫ӵġ
⼸ʵǾգص֮󣬷Ҳǵǲѡ
סֵϢѾˣ´ſҪˣֻܳŰµˡ
Ϣ˵ԼĵǸ˶һ㣬Ǳ˶һ㡣
˵ˣôˣһֱںκдǱ߶ҲӮ˰ɣǸλýһǻʵܵģҲҲõԺǴӵǻǵ³εˡ
˵ˣ⸸ǰҲȷǳΨһŮģҲûʲôίȻڹҪһֱթȥЩֵʱҲǲڵģûþҪȥ˵Ϣеȷһֶʹ֮С
Ҵȥһǿĸ󣬶ȥʵһˣҲȫⳡŮ֡
Ȼǲ᲻ӦģҲܸܵʱìܵ飬ο˵û£ȥɣҲǸŮһμˣҪԼʲôźʱӦҲǸ˵ġ


160 λ   Сĸ
С
ĸ, Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ
ţҲûˣȥʱȥ, Ǹʱһʱʺ˵
ʺȻȰŮȥʵ, ԼȴһֱûȥģΪԻʵһֱǺ޵, ޾ˣҲľ, Ҳڲˡʱ, Ȼʵûպû, ǲԸȥ, ΪǱ˳׵ŵµԣǲԭˡ
ȥʱ, ǬںҩȻ֪Լһ˥ܣΪ˶һ, ֻܺҩҵš
ʣˣݵ
ţǬ۷ҩ˵
߹ȥ, ˴, Ѿͷĸ, Ÿģ, ڶԸʲһ֪
, Ҫúúҩ, 塣
ǬѳɻŮͷ, ̾һŵʶԲס㣡
ȻŮѾƽƣڸθǬ۵׻ǶԲסŮ, ΪЩŮܷ࣬½ΪŮһӧ壬ʱŮ˵ڹˡǬȻڹپڸ󣬵ȴֻԼһˣ޼пƲӣһҲһڵҫǱȲϻ˼ҵġ
ʱҲû׸˵ԲסԼָʲô룬Ӧָ֮ǰκĸڹеһֱ̫ƽ
ֻʷģһжȥˣֻҪúúҩУĶҪ
ǬۿŮ֮ǰΪŮһ飬ҲԼŮĲɡ
һߣͽܹźԼּĶҲΪλûзıǰ¿ԳϮҲΪǾԶˡ
ּһ̫ȻǲʲôģΪԼˣŵǻ֮ҲԼһֻû뵽ɸǰˣȻǺõģԺԼ岻ͬ
ϵĴǵȻǶĽθˣѾжûٷˣô׵ľһɳϮĺ֮λʵ̫ˣȻĽ
Ҳֻܰ̾˼Ͷ˸̥Եʣôʱ򣬻˵ȫȴѾһôҪľλֹסĽмʡ
ȻҲû뵽¾ȻôʲôûɾͰ׼һλֻи˵ķݣоλȻǼˣǲԺȥλˣԺǻԵҲܹòҲˡ
ȥڸλ˹лҪ˵Ǭ˿˵
ܹܲ˲ᣬ֪Ҫˣʱҵ飬ȥ˼λ˹
̫ʱȴһֱǬߵģ۶õߵĹġ
ʱѾˣҪйˣڸļλˣȻйѡˣմԽʱҲû뵽Լôôй´󳼵һ졣
ȸ˹ʱֽܹӵǬȥʺּ⣬ʱڸļλ̫Ӵɫ
ܹܵȼλ˳󣬾ʺȥʺȥ֮ڴϺ̬ǬۣЩпʵˣҲҪˣԼǿ϶ٶꡣȻʵ۸ȴǸЦˡ


161 ݱ   ʺֻǾؿŻʵۣû
ʺֻǾؿŻʵ, û˵
ʵ̲סˣЩԲסˣҸ㣡
ʺŻʵ˵⻰ȴЩΪ, ֻﻹЩȵ, û뵽˻˵ôһ仰һ졣
ֻȴԭ¡ƾʲôʱʹ䣬Ҫԭ, ôЩܵļ尾, ǰ֮ǰ˵ԭµĻ, Ȼǣ޹ҷĵȴƫ⡣ǸոǾ仰ʵ, Ҫ, ð
Ĭһᣬֻǻص, ɻҪ˵ġԭµĻڲᡣ
ǬۿŻʺ˼, ֻȴûټ˵ʲôˡʱͻȻ˵ԼȢʺʱʱм, ǵҲЩ, ʱϲԼĻʺġֻǺ
˼, , Ҳпǻعⷵ, ٴεԲ, ܿǰǸճɻʱ, ġ
ʺû˵ֻǾšʵûλʺĴ𻰣˵˶ǰǸճɻʱ顣
, ԽԽСܿǬ˵䣬ҲŲסˣŻʺţ۾ƺҪˡ
ʺ̾Ϣˣ͵Ϊ˶ӡŮˣ㰲ȥɣԭˣֻϣ±ӻǲҪϵĺã̫ˣ
Ǭ꣬ǵʱڵõҪǾԭ£۾ڱˡ
ʺ߳ڵܹܵ¼ݱˣ
ܹ꣬һ㵹£ظ¼ݱˣ
ͼλڵȺȻ¼ݱ˵Ϣһڳ䶨ˣ
ܿ죬ʹ֮б˹⣡ûã֮˶֪˱¼ݱ˵Ϣ
Ǭۼݱ֮ǰ±ݶ룬ᰲΪ̫ӣ˴硣ΪǬۼݱ֮ǰگᰲǰ϶ļ̳ˡ
һ޾ǬۼȻѾݱˣʱȻҪϽȷ¾ġ
ᰲΪ̫ӣʱ򸸻ʼݱˣȴǾȥǻģҪТĸȥҪТ꣬ᰲΪ¾ȻôãйҪԱҪմ£Тʮ졣
һҪТܵǻλҲܿǰλ򣬹˼壬Ǭ۵Ĺ֮ǰӹȨϼλǵǻȴТٰ֮죬ʱᰲ̫ӲܳΪʵ¾
ʱٹǬ۵֮ǰ׸ڸλһͷڳƹһ޾ӵᰲ̫Ӽλ
ᰲȻǾܾȻɴҪܴӦ
ᰲλ͢ӭһִϴơθһʱ֮Ҳֿ˶֪µ۵ǲϵΪµ׽µԺ϶ǰһʱ֮䣬ﲻ
ȻǲЩˣȻµ۵ȷǳ֮͢УѰҲԲ٣ʱĵΣǾǽѱ˳ȥûôɵ
ԼһڵˣȻһȥϳ
ڸ֮бǰȴҪƽͲ٣Ȼ쳣µأ׸ֻ֪ҪԼ׸֮λ֮ǰͿ϶ģܱߣδʲô⡣
Ҳ֪һĴθıԣֻҪȥԺѻжԡ
Ҳһθڸ֮еȷǷͷһʼڵ׸ǨŭǺܿͷԼˣ׸֮Ĺϵǰˮˮ˫ల¡
µТֻҪʮգТ֮Ҫ̾еǻ䣬׼ǻΪ֮ǰᰲΪ̫ӵʱĲ尲ŵģεĵǻ䣬Ҳ塣
ԴȻǼ죬ЩͰĺᰲʱѾ嵱Լĸˣȥһ顣
µȻ׽ЩΪ֮䱾ͱԵĳӶһݹϵ˵̵ᰲȻûȷʦͽ֮Ҳ֪黢֮Ĺϵµ۷ǳģⲻԺҲǻáܺõİסǸȣµ۾Լ׽ģȴֺأԱ߿ţҲʲôë
Ǭۼݱ֮ĵڶʮգµТɣǻ俪ʼµʽǻ


162    »ʵǻĹΪƽǡ
»ʵǻ, ĹΪƽǻΪƽԪꡣ
ȻǻˣᰲҲǽƽȻҪ۹, ʼʽЩ֮ǰ׷Լй֮ˡȻҲ׷ĳӶҪ, ƽҲҪģľһ, ίθ飬ľ͵Խ鱦ʹ, ʲô̫Ρ
һ, еЩϳзԵġ
, ѾǴθ, ׸һʱǲˣȻǲ, ǾˣϽеҲǲ٣Ȼ, Ǵ˾ȴҲ򳯳ʵ۶θΡ
ƽҲܺãȻľַش֮, θʱȻܶһ, ʥȻпò˼, ֻҪԼʵһֱ, ;ʲôӰ, Щ, θ˵ֻëë, ǰǸǰ׸κ׸ûƵʲôڻƳɹ
ԲôԴӽƽ۵ǻ֮, һֱθֳͬһΣҲѼֲˡֻ⼵ʡǰǬλʱ򣬶λθͺΣҲΪΣԭΪµ۵ǻ֮ͬû뵽й֮޲θٲȻһĸ󳼵ģƽ۶ˡ
װ֪Щ˽µֹǰôڻôֵʮ򶨡ʱȴһϢ¹Ĺ͸Ūˡ
ҲǰòȥŪģǰûٵʱΪǵ̫࣬ûó˹֮󣬸ææȥ顣ԵǰЩһʱ򣬾ȥˣһŪ֮ҲԵԼµ۵ĵǻˡ
֮ǰˮ˳͢ԺȻҲǹˡʵҲȻ԰ͷЩһһȥ׬ӣǲƸԾֻһֻ֣Ҫܾڶһ߾ʮˣ׬׬൱סȻȥҲ٣ȫұҲֻһС֡Բ󲢲رĶȻˣֱӽƽ۰ɣԺˣҲµ۸˸ˡ
彫һ鼮Ĳʸƽ۵ʱҲ쳣棺ǿٵˮǵײﾧӨ͸綬յıƬһ͸Ҵۻôˣʵǲƽ۸ոյǻʱҲ׽Σ֮䲢δơޡǰһһһҡȻ˵ʱʮעԼΪʵ۵ϵģǡޡ
ⲣڶ࣬ʱҲˡ
ƽЦŵãҽȽ޹мװϲҪЧȥĸľҲϡ
飬ӼҲԻϣо֮еļԺҲ°ձʾԶ˵ӡ
ƽ۾⻰˵ĺܶԣڲŸյǻȷܰ£һ¶˵ģЩ˶µ۸ŷ
ڵĸ洰Ҳ綼˲Ūб֮֮ǰ౶Դ˸ҫһµ˸ֲɵ͸˷档
Ϊƽ۽ļװ˲֮󣬾ЧȷǲܿͰȥھ֮ƹ㣬֮Ҫ䵽ܵطȥôһһʽˡ
Ҳ֪ι󣬽ƽ۵˻ʵ֮ҵĸҪǮӴûò˵Զǳڻ״̬ڵǻˣҪչȭţȻҲҪӵģûʵۿ϶żʱԶǲӶģӵȻԽԽˡ
֮ҲԭԤϵһʱ֮ϲ˲·糱д󳼷еǮģȥŪ˲ԼҴϣڲмһ˵ĸûοʱʹ֮иˣ͵õǡҹƷˡ
彨齨ƽȥӼ໹һЩԺװľٴҲЧʿӶдʫд¿޲ȻҲµ۵ʺһƬк֮֮һʼĿǴﵽˡ
¹ȥŹ֮˵Ĵӣƽϲһֱˣֵ岻ʹͣǲˣֲֲֻˣʹǷǳ
ʱҲ֪ˣⲣθֱʣԲŻôһʵʹͣȻǳĽǵû̫ľȣϰˣ֮ǰˮ಻θŪ𣿻ţ֮ŶʮǰķӵȣԻʲôλǲģǷѾϰˡ
ʮּ˽үǰɳȥ˻ˣѾүٵĽүˣȻЩϰߣܻܲүɣүͷѾĶͷˡ


163    һҲǾϲ򡭡
һ, ҲǾϲ֣ǿϢˣǽվ˵ģ
ǽϵģͷĹһ´Ҫү, ˵Ϣ
ȲǼż, Ȼؼһ⼸Ҳˡ
ȴͷĹѾڲԺ, Ҫǻȥڣ͵ûҪһ, ô˰ɡΪү, ʱȥϢ, ûй㱨, Ϣ϶ҲǲҰĵġ
⣬Ҳ, ϽȥԺǱ߰ǰ㱨ϽȥϢһ
ûʱ䣬ʹ˹
˼ʮּ, ոմǱߵ˿Ѿǵθ, ʵڲ˰, Чľ͸ᶨˡ
忴ϵȷǷ糾, ȷһ´ͱ˹ġʱҲ;, ûվŻػ, СȥСӸ, ҲЪһЪ
Ǳ߻֮ɳȥ, ȥɵҲʲôͨ飬ȻüŻʱǳȥѰסȺ, е˵Ҫܴǻܳ츲صı仯ģǸʱ򣬻пʵ֣·ҲΪԲĺӡ
ʱЩ˳ȥʱ˵ΪڣҲõ˵ĶûȻԺͨŶϾ֪ȥ񵽵˶٣ǱǸʲô
ʱܹٶ˳ȥģǸʱҲ͵͵ƳͷˣʱǷԸǲ򲻵ǲ׼ʹõġҲǻ˴ռһЩǴͷװ˽š
ȻǳȥѰЩ߲⴬ɵľͲȫͨˣٵһǶЩȭŵģİϺ˳ͻܱһ˵İȫ֮⣬Ҫжģںƶ溽еˣȻ󻹵Ҫʶֵģܽ·ͼ;羰¼
ҪˣһȺͨȺȻǱȽһģǵȻҲͲ䵽ɶܾԸģ˲Ըʵȥðյġ
嵱ʱôأǮҡ
ͨĲȭŲʶֵģֻҪԸϴÿ˿Էȭŵ߰ʮʶֻͼļ¼ģһǧͷһǧ
һʲôλأͨ˵Ҫٶʮ겻ԲȲ׬߰ʮһǧһǧͲ˵ˣǿһӶôǮ
ôӵջԸⲻҪһǿǶˣΪһ˵Ҫõôӣأһ˲ϵүһĻܷŹأǰѾʲôˡ
󣬹Щϴ֮ǰóʮӡ˲Ϣ䣬һСľͻȫûڣЩǮҲǵǮ㲻ġӦǳЩˣ˭֮ز˺ϣӴԺÿ»ͶӣʮꡣǻѰ˶ÿ˻ٷһ
ôһ׼ϴ˶ķˣһ˼سѰҸ߲ˡ
µģڴͷģҲ徫ϸѡģʮֳʵģȻҲҽ֮鶼Ǵ
ڣʱʮָ˵ģӽѰҵļǴãȻ󲿷ֶҵˡ֪ζǵʹͿ϶ǲٵģʱʹͲټϳ֮ǰһǧǵļһӾͱɸˡ
¸֮ʼ㱨γˡ
ҪҵĺҵˣҲҵˣвϡĶǶҪҲǴ˻ֻһʼ˵ֺͮͮģ֭ˮĺͮͮĺǽһֱûҵ˵Ǹ˵ͷɫӻΪûãʧ֡
ȻǲΪʲôûܽΪʵ̫ΣˣܽѾ֮ϲˣԭǲʲôϣˣû뵽ھȻҵȻˡ
ҵЩøҿһ
ˣӸոձǷŵµİǼóصȥ
ϸ˿ȷģѰǳŵǼһţҲųЩΥ
⼸ַ˷ֻһЩûмĶݹµ˵Щϰ֮ôϵĶģȻԲͨǻȻȻҲܴŶ˼
аúƽϲɱɱģҲһ͹ľģЩѼҲǲ׵ġ
ΪӵģҲ֪ЩʲôֻܵŻͷȥֿˣֳ֮ûԼʶĶ
ŷţ巢˼ɫģɲ𣿸ոЩûл㱨Ϊûҵأ룬Ϊ֮ǰͼʱ򣬻һףǹµĲûϳֿ׵Ŀ
˴γ뵽ļѾҵˣ˵ǻѵļʮûа׷ѣεջԤҪöˣԭܴһͲˡ
ȻˣҲϧʹֱͣӵ˴ιˣÿ˽ӣ£ÿӣЩ;ģȥǵļÿҲͶԺÿµĶҲǲܶ˵ģʲôйĻᣬԺҲȿЩȥ˵ļ˰ɡҲȥϢɣ֮ȥǡ
ʱ֪ԼԺ϶ǲȱǰ¶Ļˣǰ;Ҳ϶ǲˣʱ˼ˣæ˸񣬼صлʹͣСҲֵܸлˡ
ǰϽȥϢȥˣַ֮Ըȥҽʦ׼ʱΪЩջˣѾں˺ü꣬ڻص½ϣ˵ˮ˲׼غãϾЩ˶ȥġ
ЩӵȻҲֹǸոհһ㣬вٿڴˣ˸ϵļȥЩ˻
֮ȥ֪ͨԼׯϵĹһˣ׼ǰӻҶũȥǵĲЧЩȻò࣬ǻûоһһѡ֣ϻ˵õôģõֳ֮ͳһ֪
Ŀǰ֪ǣϿ϶ǻȺһЩģ廹ϣҪ̫ࡣȺ͵ö࣬ҲڵˮСĲߣԺֵƹġ
Ϊڻûʼ֣廹㽫±ȥǵֳ˵ĺãʱʵݣɲ˲šڰȥʵ˵ǲܸ߳СˮϻЩǣ϶Ҳǲŵġ
˵ȻѾԤϵֱӻ㱨ȥĽȥأϼ£ʱֱӴȥɹͺˡ


164 ֲ   ԼԽ֮ǰҲѧ
ԼԽ֮ǰҲѧũרҵ, Ȼ֪߲Ҳ֪Ūǣֻרŵȥʵ顣
ͷ˵ׯӶ, ҵһЩóׯڵˡЩ˶еǰ, ϸϸһǻȥЩӷֳɲͬС鿪ʼֲ, ÿʪȵȶŪЩҲǺ˵ñ, , ôΪܼ¼ʺ⼸
µׯӶͷе, ʱ˰ǰĶ, ￴ʲôӣҲ, 㲻ҷԡ
ֻǻȥʱеֹģĺúõׯڲˣⲻ֪ʲôĶ, Ҳӣһô, ǻǴûġֻׯӵ, ֻܸȥ, ӿ˵, ʱֳĲʹ, ֵõһǧ, ˭Ҫܶռͷ, һӾͷˡ
ʱȥЩȻ֪ͷǸʲôǰҲûֹǻǸ˵Щ򵥼עֲ, ʼȻÿ˵ﶼһɾԼֵĲãòʹ͡
ÿһʽȣҲûвƽﻹճȥϳµҲǽƽ۸ոյǻ˵ǰٷϾˣҲˡʱƽۿ˵ɼմȨʱôûһ׳־أڽƽæŷʩʵʱĸ󳼡ÿյȻǱǰࡣ
Ϊƽᰲ廹һݹϵԴʮֿ񣬾ɢ֮ȥ¡ҲʱǱĬƽ۴Լִ
ƽᣬȡʱƽԣȻǱǰǬڵʱҪ࣬˵ƽ۽иĸġ
Ȼ岢ûھͿʼļƻǣЩ߲ƹ㿪°ջ±֮ٽиĸһĸͿ˳࣬ҵʱҲԱӯ٣ĸĸ
ׯ׻ûֳҲûм˵ĸһ£ֻż͸¶һԼ뷨
ƽҲᰲ岻νΣ˵һЩ뷨ҲǶġڳ˻ʵۣȻǧΪǧʷһۣڸ汲£һس֮
ԤУĸ֮£ԼһԴԸ񸸻֮ǰ˽˵Ǿܵģһܴһõ񻰡
ȻڳкæҲûǸԼӰ֮£һʮҪҲûż֣֮Լÿջظ֮󣬽ʱǰʱ
ŷôӰԸɣеȻǻϲģÿڸˣ֮ǷһԼһڸʱ򣬸θ̡
һʹڱæ࣬ÿ޶ʱҲǽ֮㲻٣Դ⼫ˣΪûʲôĵ飬޶ȻǿҪʮˣȴճɻģʮֽۡ
ģȻǻżķһĵģȻҲûٳȥ硣ǲôڶڶ˴ĵĽŮӡ
λŵģǷһĸֵͬܣ̫󣬸ʱʱؽҲûйֵݣˡ
ɷǵĴθܻʵΣǰ;ҼĪ˵檣ͨѾͷûУֱɷ˶ÿڼɷС檶Ƕ£ÿ챻ø۵ĹˡҷĶӸǳûþ˾λԺ˵ǲ竣òŵˣƨľλǵ˷ܶ뱲Ҳһܵõء
ڸ֮У׸żλθ飬ʱ꣬׼θȥȫȨٰ졣ȻһΪܻʵΣ齻ҲǾʲô©ʵҲ̫ڸһףֱҲûг©
ǻ飬ǽְ֮㣬ȥñλθࡣȻ˵һְҲǽƽ۵ǻ֮ġ֮ǰǻɣһְǵʱκ׸εģ֮κ׸Ϊı洦ն⻧һְͿ˳ڸ׸ǴθһְҲϹˣԽƽ۵ʱ͸ɴ⻧һְθˡ
˵֮ǰκ׸ն֮вڶճ֮λʱȻθˣʹҲǲ˵ˡڵθѾǽˣ˲ÿ֪ڵθǲܵġ
ǰλɵʱȺΪڷԵĳûг֣ϾҶģǸʱ廹Ϊ볯΢ᣬҲûʲôǷԣºҲܰô죬ǱҲûϡ
أѾǵθˣڸ֮У׸ҲΪУڿ˵ĹϵǢǰλ׸֮µδθʦڸ֮о͸ˮˡټϽƽ۵Σôȥ壿
ԵʱƽΪʱ򣬼ûˮ͹ȥˣû˸ҳԷԡ
׸Ҳǿ֮ǱܳԽЩϹͷģ׸Ҳѹ˵ǲܴѹȥԾֻ֮ˡ⵱ȻǱȵɵģθҲǺܸ׸ӣӣԷ׸İţڸ֮Уദ졣
ׯǱȥЩˣʲô飿δθʵ
δθʱȻˣȻǲģʵ˵ˣǰżȻһЩ˵вǱûеĸ߲ʮֺֻʱģڼͷǮ֮󣬾ͻ˲ٹ齨һ֧ӳȥѰЩ߲ڽ꣬ӻˣİҪĶһˡֻڻûֳ֪ǷǰЩ˵һ߲Ŀǰׯʵ飬ÿҲȥЩˡ
δθҲЩ棬ʵ߲Ķ٣
ִһĶǧǧģЩʱ򣬴ﵽǧһҲûпܣЩǾƷ֣ڵܴܲﵽֵȷͱص˵һֵܹĶǧõĻûпܡ
δθʱ˵ǴһʵǱ𾪵ˡԭΪ߲ҲǱǰׯڲ߳һֻû뵽ܸ߳ô࣬ҪģȽƹ㿪׳٣ԺֻҪնϣļ֮£ܴ٣伣
δθ಻סʵڽչˣ
ŻҪ²ܳʱҲԶʱ򿴽ˡ
δθҲ֪ĶǧҪģǶôһݹʱҲЩѵ:ȻˣׯǱûг֮ǰһҪغˣ˻ٻȥ֮ǰ֪⼸¾ȥׯǱߣ˺֮⡣


165 ջ   ֪ʦ˼ɡ
֪ʦ˼, ЦҲģǼʵׯӣŲ, Լ, ÿյѲߵҲͰźˣڽ, ܲ̽ȥ
δθ꣬ۺȻ³̾ͺ, ҲͲٶ˵ʲô, ҪһЩ, ΪʦҲǱߵĺϢˡ
֮״򲻶ȥׯǱ߿, ֮ǰЩϳҲͽׯˣϾЩҲǳ, Ҳ˵Ҳܰʲôæ
ֻǱǰһ߻һߵⷬɵȻһЩй۲ʮɻģҲ׷ײ²ǲʲô, дִб°нشأϾĸ֮
ƽҲЩ, ӵǱ׽һЩ, ΪҲǺ, Ҳһɢ֮Ͱ, ֱʵʲôˡ
ƽæЩʲô˵ƽ׼ءֽƽ˺, ϾҲֻǸʵ۶, Ĵ, ȻʸһԼĺġ
û뵽Զ˹ˣǱ߻ûֳأǲҪ˵ĺ, 侲شȷæһ£ֻڻûʲôɹҲ¹شûоɹˣҪʧܣҲñ°׻ϲһԻǴɹ˳ٸ˵ɣ֤һ޴ľϲ
ƽ֪˵һʵģ˵Ǵϲô⾪ϲ϶ͲСȥȻڲ˵ôҲʲʲôȻˣ͵Žء
ʮµʱµ׵ȫѾˣ⼸ջ񼾽ڴŶģһȥڵҲ޼ʱ䶼ˡ
ׯЩµũйǣȻƾԼľѾʱջˣǵҲǵһ ŪİׯڣҲֻøϽϱȥᡣ
Ȼǰû¹أ֪ʲôĵʲôʱջģ֪ЩԳԵʱǳʲôӵģʱ˴ӵڳһ㿴һ֪ܲܳ
ʱȻѾɹʱˣɰܶڴһˣ˿żԣü궼ˣλἱôһأڽʰ׵֮󣬻ȥѯʵҪҪȥׯ֮ǰµĶӦǳˣڳ˸ŪĶԡ
ԵȻǴӦˣһڼҲô£ˡ֮ǰҲ֪ɷһֱǱׯܾΪ˸ո˵ЩµĶģȻҲȥЩֳĵǸʲô
ͻ·˵ˣҲ벻˵ʱ򣬷ҲİѰ¸ֵչˣҲĴŰȥׯһ߿һԸɴһӾһȥˡ
ҪֻһˣֱԼܹȥˣǰЩ³ȥׯӵģֻ޶ڣ嵱Ȼһˣﻹܺͷ˵Ự
ʱֱȥׯŵҲȻʶӵģͽŽȥˣǽǳģ˵Ȼ֪ŵˣׯӻʮ׵ʱͱˣȻܿ˹̲顣
ҲƽԸģİҪׯӵģ˭һҪȥѯǷſɷеģȻׯӲԶͱˡ
ͣˣҲ֪ô£ƿӣ¶ʾһ£ԼӺͼҾ죬ܻȥ֪ͨׯſڵˡ
ǺöһҪ⿴һѰѶӱЦѾˣȽׯӾµȥᡣ
ׯ֮󣬸յϢĹ¾ѾˣվһԵˡƽþڣҲҪǴ·ֱӾʹ޶һ߹ȥˡ
ΪķԸׯӵϰĶضѾסôһȥǺ׳۵ġ
ǰǷֲͺҶӵģڵ˵Ϥĺˣ÷ִŰһԿţԼҲֱ࣬һԹµݹĹ߿ʼˡ
εӻһСһ꣬׹ͷСĺһĶصĲҲСˡ
ԱһֱɻũҲ׷׾ôССһܽôණҪһĶضж٣ʵǲ롣
ΧĹ¿ӵıҲǷģӶͺãҲŪˣǰӵҪЩȫ˳ˡ֮ǰΪ˷оҲǸһʱڳһģĲҲģ֮ǰ;ȹˣỹ򶨣δһЩũȡ


166    Īүڱǡ
ĪүڱүССһܽôͷĶ, һĶǵжٰ
ǰûмʲôׯһܽôĶǲ֪ôͷܳԵġ
ũԱ˽, ȫǲŵ, ֮ǰһֱæǴ֮ûڿ, Щרŵ˸ģʵǵһμص׵Ķʲô
Ա, Ҳû, ԵĹµɼȰһĶĺڳ, һȥһжٽ, ȥһʣ¼
ȥʱѾջˣΪԶ, ˲ʱŽһһڳԹĿ
ǧĹƽʱôԶ·̧εģôԶ·, ʵЩˣ˵Ҫż۰, Ҳϧ, ؾһͤŰϢˡ
ù´Ȱ⼸Ķͳһ, ȻַԸ˼, ͵ͤǱҷ, ﻹһ, װոմӼڳȡ
ͤº, ȥһȻ󽫼˽ȥһǳׯӷ˴ĹźòֳĶ
˼, ȻЩæĶҿųùֳģ⻹ûųԣ
ЦˣһҪûųԣأ򵥵ľųˡ
Ȼ忴ＸͮͮŵȻظ۳ԣ۵ԭ𣿶ǵ㾦֮ˣѾ̫ûгζˣڵĵʹõĶһЩζĵζƷζȻζЩƣǵײζִζϰΪ壬һӾܳԳζζԵʱԽûþͷʱûʵˡںˣгԲˡ
ȥֻ̡ۣҪζصĳʳԸˣţܳԵùζ˿϶ǲϾԽ֮ǰζǹߵζ֮һûһʱգǾͶζ˵ֿԲζˡ
оλĸǹڸθݣ˶СļˣҲΪʱΪ߲زۣҲǶʮСģƽﶼǽţﵽֶ˵Σޱȵĵطôʱǵһأ
һͤһ迾һ㲻ȣչȥֹסû£ȥɣǶ⿴ţȥģҪδζָֹٰʲôʱΪ͵͵ȥˣǸʱء˵ݸ˰һֳ֦СĵزŻĺꡣ
Ȼô˵Ƿȴ᲻ôۣ°ˣ״ҲûֹֻȴҲǸŷһŰˡ
Ĵ󣬺ûþͿˣΪóʱЩ̣һɾĴֲ֮֡ɲãοּʵϸۣ᲻Լ
˰ѻ賷֮ͰȰˣЩɣˣ滹ܺóֻһڵƤ¶˽ɫôһǿ
ѰõĺݸͰ磬ǳһ֮ȥƤǽɫðȿˣҲˣӹСڳ
ܿһȻζûкЩѡĺζŴҲ㲻ˣҲζ
ոտ߸һҲԲ꣬ͰʣµļݸΧˣǷųԡȻһС˵ȥҹµģǸڳһȥθϵĸϣ˼˵˿ųԾˡ
ʦҲˣڵûǰˣŴŴĺҲˡסҪЩô򵥣ǴؼóӰЩʽ˿⡢ȵĲŪٰ⼸͹ȥʦʣСȥ˵һʱҲ˵
ǱδθڸһӾյҲЩˣųõǲϲˣֻӦҲЩ֮ɣȻǸѧҲ͹
ˣСĴ˵кڻ￾ųԾУȿƤͿˣҲųԡȵС˹˵
δθȻʶʲôׯֳģ
ΪʱѾСˣʱδθʲôԻشʱҲʵ˵ˣشˣǽֳģҲǵһջӾС͹ˡ
δθСҲûдĻҲûˣɢʱٺúѧʱ顣


167 Ķǧ   ׯǱߣҪ
ׯǱ, ҪʱԸȥͳƲĹѾŲӹˣ϶ϲɫ, 忴Щ, Ҳ֪εĲƺϲˡ
Ķж٣ͳˣͷŵǰϲɫĹ¡˵ͺ, ôˣ, Ҳûʡ
µ˷֮, ػصش, ǺһĶĲǧٽ, һ㣬Ҳнǧ
»ش֮, ĿƵؿӣȻǶͳƳʮ־ϲлⲻǻôӳѰĸ߲
ֵ, ȣΪڴԽ֮ǰ, ĶＸﶼ, ĶҲֻ˵ʱ, ںͲϾûкһôľ, һһ˲ͣѡ, һʼĲôܻߡ濴ٲЩ˼ٽѡ, ˵֮껹ܿĶʢ
Ǹ¿Ӳɫ, ֪ʲôôҲ뵽ʱȻЩ, дߣԹ¾طˣʼ²ǲԼ̫Ϊȵü˲Щݵġ
ֻһᣬͺܿ췴Ӧ˹ʱˣȷ˾ϲˣϾʱˮĵĶҲٽѾǸ߲ˣеĵط˵һĶиٽѾǷ˳ˣϴǧĶôøոյĹ¾𾪡
ʱ岻Ϊִĸ߲ȲžЩ⣬ʱȴһ֮ɫȫûϲãǹָΪڹʲôˣҲܿ찲ˣҶ⣬ͷԸȥׯͣǼ²Ǽ˴ˣÿ˶ʮӡ
ڲסϲɫл꣬ʵǾֵˡǰǶׯ˵Ǹ£ҲЩڸﵱľܵõʹͣһûˮһ궼ܲʮӣⲻǰ΢ôһ㣬ܵõôͣǺ޲Ժ
ַԸ˼䣬⼸ׯϼǿѲߣٽĺ׵ȶϼĶȻùˡ
ߺһֱԱߵķҲʼʵô֮ߣ˵Ŀʵ
䲻ͨũ֮£ǰ֮߰ǰΪʾֻһӣûӣǳ谮ҲǾߵģҲûٸŸһ鷿ۣǸʱ򸸻Ҳ̾ռѵģճɽּˣˣҪ֣͢ҲÿĵײиµģҲٽѡ
أݸոػĹ˵һĶмǧǵײ屶ʱǲͨũ£Ҳ֪ģ°һôˡֻʵ̫ˣⲻֶ˼䡣
ԷʳҲе֣Ͼ˭뵽ǿƲ۵һĶȻôߵĲأɻҲǵȻġ
ģ˵ĶġǱôĹµĶڣҪҿɲһڵ飬Ǹ²Ǵˣġ
ⷬ˼ԶʵôҪ֪ʵܣ
ȲҲŪ˼Ķص׼ߵݶһһͳƺˣȥһʵ۲١Ҳ費˶ãվŪꡣ
ΪɫջҪϳҲδׯޣǴŷͰظˡظ֮˰ѼӴˣú۵ǼֳȻȥоˡ
ϵĳӶĺ֣ȻҲᱻڸô꣬ȻøǵļûȴѾ˵˴µ΢оһ£Ҳܿ¶Щսôķ˵ʵ㲻Ѹ㡣
Ųʱ˾ˣƬ˿⣬ţ⣬к࣬ȫðϡۣǸҪȲʱ䣬ٵҪųɡ
벻ȻǸܳģΪεƷ֣ԵʱȻˬ죬ǳ극ȷ¿֮ҲЩˣЩˮȴȻԣһЩҲܽܡ
ȻۻûۣǺĳԷǿԵģֱӻļλ˼ȥһҲһС׸нڽҲû©£δθʦȻʱѾȥһˣҲûȥҲٸȥ𡣶Щȥģ¼ĲףȻ˼֪Щôԣ


168 ʵ   δθΪһڡ
δθΪһȥС˵ʱ˵, ֪Щ²ģ֮ǰһֱæŸĶĴ˿ɲ֪, յȥС͵Ǽʱ, ЩأϾ, ͺõĶ
겻ڵģһҲû˻ʲô, Ȼ⼸ֵĶ, ôͿ϶ĵ, յ⼸ĴҲûֱ˰Ѷȥڿﲻ, ǰǸֽġסóȥˡ
ȥЩʱ򣬳˸ǡס֮, ҲûʲôȥЩյ⼸ȶĴǣҲм˲µ⼸, ϾЩǰδڴֹܳЩʱһֱׯǱæ, ϲĻ, ͹ļӦþׯǱ²ˡ
ֻǼλ˾µ͵⼸ׯ, ҲֻΪЩȽϡһ, Щǳ, ͬʱҲЩɻ, ѵЩʱôθΪ⼸һֱׯǱ
ϡó, ˾ͺˣֵһθȥأΪ֮ǰŪ̫Ķ˲, ǿЩʹЩģҲĥǼֵ
ĳѰǡסõĲ˺õĺʱ⼸λ˳˳ζȷǲֺɫĽĶζζȴֽȻͬ˳֮ͷ󺹣ȴĪˬǺģҲŴޱȣֻǶЩԹɽ亣ζƷ˵ȴҲʲô
˰죬λ˻ǲ֪⼸ļֵںδѵľرóԣ⼸λôҲ뵽ȥģϾׯڵĲǶûд仯ˣһʱ֮ô뵽ȥء
߼λﵽģ߶˵ɵģûׯǱѾĲɲᣬһ͹ˡͷµׯھ߻вٵģ֮ǰȥǸׯ⣬ĵطҲмҲ˺Щ
ǼĲĲ֮ǰǸׯĲȻҲЩ࣬ǲ󣬾ǸׯĶҲﵽǧһԺЩڴƹ㿪֮󣬵ǲ̫ΪʶԼˡ
Ȼˣ⵽ʱҪڴܸصһԣϾٺֲҲеĵطʵڲʺϣһŶۣЩ鶼Ǻģڻ
֮ߵ鶼ŪòˣҲѾˣۿԳˣһĹҲùˣʰһ£Щõĺ۽ˡ
ƽᰲͶæʲôˣֻΪ֮ǰֻ˵Ҫȵȣ˽ٹƽҲһӼҲһֱûİȥ飬ֻ֮ٹ
ЩЩȵʵЩʱһֱæŪģôЩ󣿲֪кϡ֮
δ˵ЩĲǰǸ˳Ȼ빬еȰһ¡ƽ۵ȻǴӦˣҲЩĶǺοζζӡ
ȻûмĶǿŲ쳣ϸĲףȴҲѰЩܵϹô˵ˢӵġ
ΪǱ߼ҪȻǲҵһȺʮѸٵذѲĶ˳ȻͽڣΪλ»ʲʮӿڸ֮µʱζ˵ҲǸᣬԵǱ¶һ¶һŲ쳣
ЩõĲ˶ʱ򣬸սͽƽ˾ѾζˣĵȻζˡ
ʾûʵ۳һɫĶʮζζЩƣԱߵۣǺ˵ģнζҲ
ƽᰲⷬǺس˳⹬еնǷͬһģͬĲףҲıȹ帮ЩӺóԣƽᰲǾʮֲۡ
Ϊһ˵Եʣ֮ǰžͺܳƽᰲĽҲĸߣһˣȻͷ˵㺹ȴδ˵̫˳Բ֮Ļ෴Ǿ쳣ˬ죬ܺθڣζʵǲǿԸĸǱ͵ȥĸζ˵Ҳϲ
ȻƽᰲΪʵڹҲǳԱʳʣļҲ쳣ϲţԺù˵ʱҲһЩĶ
ᰲ˳ǿõĺƽ۳һڻⶫû뵽ͦ󣬳ǻ
ȳˣƽᰲŵþҲûгԵˬˣЩ֮ǰ˵ľϲζǲֻɻģڽƽᰲ˵ȻЩζʵǲǱԭľϲ̶ȣЩģϾʳҲֻС
ЦЦ¿֪ĲΣ
ƽᰲһ˲侪ϲȻ̸˲ôʹ϶ǲģʳ˰ҹҲ֮أʵ۶ũӣǲôȷϾϲˣվֶݿǺŴ𣬶ײһǶԲϵİ˵ȷǷ
Ҳû˵ֻĲӵ˹ȥǲϸؼ˼ׯֵĲĿ
ƽ۽ӹǲӣ˰죬Ǳӷַֿһķʮ飬𾪵ط£ƽһľЩʵʵ
ʵڲֽƽ˾ȣӹ֮ǰȻҲᵽĶĲ⿴˲ֺ󣬻Ǳˣֱ֮ǰĲĺüζΣֻҪĲģѳԣԺڻʱҲӡϲʵ̫ˣģԺڴƹ㿪Ժγܲˣպˣ
ŽƽᰲӣȷʵǲţԵׯǱ߿һǱѾջһ룬ǻһЩڵʱ¿ڳһʱܶĲһµʶˡ
ƽᰲȣ̵ȥ˴׸мλθ˹˵Ҫ̣


169 ټ   Ǳ̲С̫ȥ
Ǳ̲С̫ȥ뼸λ˹, ߽ƽᰲǼڵڲͣⲽȻƽ֮󣬲˼ѯϸڡ
ȻҲֽƽᰲ˷ܼ, ϾǸʵ, ոյǻûãҪһɼ֤Լʱ, һʵ۲ʷ᣿ᰲڸոյǻ, ԼλڼһǬ۵Ĵ󹦼, Ҳ֤һ, շλ󳼵ġ
Ϣ, ʵشֻҪƹ㿪, ðȥʮ꣬ʱֺγ㣿ǻݼµ, Ҳûһʵɹһ, ȻƲϹ, ¹, ҲܳƵܹʷ, øոյǻᰲβ
ǱС̫ȥ뼸λ, λҲúܿ, Ȼ֪˷Ϊ¶, ȴҲ֪Ȼ˵Ҫ̣ضЩģȻ², ڵڶˡ
ȥʹ·ϣλгδθ֪ôһ⣬ļλ˶ǲ֪˷Ϊȥģڵ˹ϵʱ򣬵ҲС˼䡣
ǱĵۣҲǾڸģҲûмʲôҪ飬ʱҲ˳ʱҲûĸطˣ룬λҲûʲôҪ£ֻýȥµȱʾˡ
׸λθʱ򣬷θҲѾڵˣǵûоȣΪ֪ʮֳθʮΣҲͲԵˡ
ƽᰲ˼λ֮ڸλ֮ǰֽոԵЩ˼ݹθмλ˳һ
λ棬ֻ׸δθյ֮ǰȥĶȥǷ֮⣬Ķϵõģ׸Ҫ´žθŪģӦ֮ǰȥЩҲЩϵ⼸λθûмƷȻ֪뽫ҪҪкιϵǻǰձµ˼Ʒһ
ȥ׸δθ֮ļλƷ֮󣬾ζϡ棬ֻǻǲ֪⵽ҪҪкιϵλ̫ܳĴˣȻԵʱˬһغˮء
ˣ׸ǰ֪кҪ̣ոǼйأ
ƽᰲҲˣֻǲӵݸ׸λθſȴһȦ֮׸мλθķӦźͽƽ۸ոտʼʱһģӲţ̲ס׷ʵ¿ģģ˵ǲ֮ˣҴܰ
ƽᰲ״ҲЦһʼʱҲǸ𾪵ģѾޱ֤˴µʵԣ־һ٣޵ǿԴλһȥׯۿһҲܶϵһ׼ȷʶ
׸мλ֮ˣȥۼһȻǺõġȥʱȴҲз׷׸̾˹ȻһﰡδγַǷһαһ˴θǻݼ°֮٣ϵĻȴ˴±Ϻθڰеػﵽһ˼ˮƽ
׸ڸ׸Ҳ򺡹ǴǹٹͣȻûʲô׳٣㣬׸֮ǾҵҵģһֱҲδв̤ԱҲ׸׸֮λθְǨûʲôָˣʹǲٵģκʹͶԱô˷Ҫһܣ
Կһ֮⣬ĳ˻⣬δˡ֮ǰθĵճܳȥθһȻϲ֮⣬Ҫԭճ֮ĸǷˣŻҵѪǷҲ
ڵθȻδлѪ˴˷ݼ²ǿʷᣬ׸֮λʱղְ޿һµЩܡֻǲ֪Сһˣűθ֣֮³֮ĹķĻܣٺ֮λǿһġ
һ·ϸ˼һҲ֪֮͵ׯϡ
˷вδڣΪǵУʹЩҪ̽ЩϢҲ˸ȥ±֣һ̽ٵ
ׯϵĹ£ʵۣǼֺµزֽ֪ķţֻ֪ºꡣƽΪȥĶҲûƽЩڣӻ־·
ǹ벻Լһʵۣʵ۴·ȻＤֺ£ǻվϽ·ȥˣһĻ˵
ǱߵƽᰲҲ࣬ׯ˸ʾҲŹһֻڳһϽĺ㲻һĶĲж١
׸λθ˼¶ˣҲͲ࣬ҲһԣȴҶŪ֮ϾǴϲɫЩʳ
ûϻ׸λվһԣȻԸׯ˽ǰһĶĺȫڳ֮Ƚƽۻмλ˿һĶǸСɽһһԵĺﶼֹסļǲϿصĲһ£ۼһ£˺𺳷ǳ
׸ǰʵˣׯϵĺܲж٣ɹΪھһƹ㿪
һǹˣһׯӣ»мׯӶ˵ģܹʮеġȥھ֮⣬ʡҲǹѡһطģһԺƹ㿪ʱҲһЩ
ΪׯϵĺȶҪӣһЩԼҳԻˣܶõҲͲˣԭҪھۻƹ㿪ļƻ͵ƺˣȵͺˣӵЩȥÿջʮϰٱʱȥˣȻжۻˡ
׸Ļش̲ס޵˾ٴƣ
δθһֻǲԼѧ쳣ԺģҲЦŵģһֱסۺӡ
ΪȻǸ߲ҲǴӺѰģҲûмֲ֪ʱҪо˴һˡԴҲ׼ׯϿʼʱһ˽ֲĲɲˣֲҲȫ˲棬ƹ㿪ðֲʱ򣬿߲·
ׯϵĹʱҲʮֳ㣬ȵʱƹʱҲٲǵģǸ澩дܸʡصũΡ


170 ƹ   ƽᰲʱۼׯ
ƽᰲʱۼׯϲĺ, ǲһֱӵʶԭڿеҲǳ־
ᰲ׸мλ˵¼һ·, Щ߲˻˴Ǯµ˳ȥѰ, Ȼˣƹһ½˸ɺãαҲί, Э˿ɷ񣿡
׸ȻҲûвӦĵ鱾, ҲȻ, ԸЭһֹǿ, Ϊ֮˶һ, ׸Ǵ򶨽ҪСĽ򲻿в̤, ˲ſ׸֮λϴˣ½硣
Ȼᣬ, ׸Ȼûʲô󹦼ֻҪ, ֮ڻǲصͷϵɴñġ
Ȼûᵽλθ, ͬΪڸ֮, ҲҪ, ȴҲû˸ұԹ, Ͼ, ¶һʷ, ǰ޹˵Ĵ£ǼȻг˼˵ʷҲܸǼϼ, ô˵һ¡
գƽᰲ糯ʱڳ˴£˲侪ǧˣȻЩɴµ٣Ǽڸ׸мλθδз֪֮°˾Ųʮˣ˲ŸˣĶǧʵ˲ţδ˸ߵ
½θ׸ڸԱҪȫȨϣõ¹ԱҪЭ֮£飬˳ɡƽᰲİ嶨
±ڹԱǣ
˰ڱ»׸ûʲô飬ɢ֮ȴһ˴¡
㿴¿Σ֮ܽߵƹ㿪ô߲ʵҲδۼһ
ԱһλԱ¼Ȼθģô϶ˣӦҲͲõˣ㿴һθûɵģ֮ǰը|ҩˮࡢһó˵ģŪ߲ҲͲԵˡ
һλҲԱ߳ǣ˵׸λθȥ˾һׯϣǴׯ˵ģλӦȥģӦˣҲؼȻ½˻׸ҲҪϣ϶ҪۼһĶģʱʲôˡ
Ϊׯϵĺȣ廨ɴȥѰģ⻨ȻǲƵģ˷ҪׯֻĺѶȫ·ũƽȻҪ㲹ģڵڶձ̧ʹȥ
ʹ͵Σƽ֪˴幦ƣǿȿܷ֮Ѱ°±Ѽ˵ĸ߲˷ȻԷġοƽӵǻθϵǳо֮ʵɾ֮ףȻһΣ˷Ǵ¸ģʱǲˣЧԵʱ˵ʱ̡
ΪڸԱҪһа£ҲС֮ˣһӣׯϲһ͸ڸλ˳ʣֻϵȻȲ֮ǰõļλ͵ôˣһ˼𼸿ͣЩÿ˵õļҲֻһѡ
һڸŮڶλ˵ֻܳʶѣҪģľûˣϾеȫһУûʲôλˣȻúƤȥҪࡣ
ЩڳΪһʮˣ֮˻Ǻܶģ֮ǰ彻õļλȻҲ֮Щ顣Щ˵֮ǰ˲ٵǼλ˸ϣȻ˵˼żλһ
⼸λأȻһЩҲ಻ȥȵʱȻʹһЩ֮Ҳɿˡڿ˵λ屾ˣֻĶʦδθϵģҲԲ꣬ǡʦ˶ǰύԱӣһʱ֮䣬Ϊϡ٣ϡֿ
ȴӺѰЩȻǶҪ·ũȥģλׯӵģȻҲǿģֻׯ˴ЩʱȴҲûаЩظϳˣΪλҲǴˣȻ֪ɽģЩҪӵģڳˣȥԣ
˵ȴҶ֮гϾͿ϶гģֻһ꣬г۵϶Ƕ಻ȥģΪһģвҪӣȥġȻˣھ͸ҪһʱĿڸ֮ĺϤȥеǺƷ
Ȼˣ֮Щ˵Ҳûİ취ȥŪһЩһڲ·ΪӸȥֻҪЩӣǲѴЩһЩ
ֻʱ򣬱»ڸĸϻԱΪƹæ֮ڻضí㾢ðսȥҪ˭Ϊһʱ֮ȥӰӣȻᱻȺ֮ᱻһ۸浽ȥǸʱ³Ϳ֪ˡλΪڸ֮Ժ쳣ϡģҲû˸ȥӰʳ
أҲһЩϢ֮ͨˣүޱϡô϶Ǹõģȥ׼ûοĴ˵ˣջʱɶмǧҪģһĿǲóˣ긳˰ܹ֮һ꣬һСǿԶԵıģȺ£ôأ
ЩԴ쵽ԼһЩΪ⣬ûв䵱µģЩģǶȥϸİļλ˽ķŪ͵ջʱԶˡ
տԼҼһ쵽ӻȥ֣⻹մ˵شӽµĸкµȻȱٵľǾǸİˣҲΪξǸİձذոһԭ
ʡصİգһʱٲӻȥˣΪ弸ׯϵĲȻҲмʮ΢һ̯ȥûжˣȻǲܵһͿȫܾھƹ㿪ġ
ʡأֻȲһֺȸãɳ͢Աȥջ֮󣬲ȥˣʡƹ㿪
ԴҲһڳԲɸӣ·ȻҪһһˣܾ꣬ӦþȫռˣǸʱʳǲˣԺ﷢ʲô˻͢Ҳ㹻ʳȥ֡


171    Ȼ˾İӵС
Ȼ˾İӵл쵽Ϊӻؼֲ֮, ϼǱҲմ˹⣬ڴǮʼֺЩʱ򣬾ϼǱҲһ, ǱߵĹҲϡ
ϼǱ߶, θҲǱߣԾͿʼҲûʲô˶, ǱֻһĶңԶԶȲϾ, ΪӷŸеİջǹ, ֻÿһٷһЩ, ǵȵ˾ͺˡ
Ǳʮ֮, Ǳһε֪й֮޲ԵǱ֪һ˵θ˷Ըȥ, ðֲʱ򣬰֮ʶûΪʲôˡ
Ϊôһ׮£͢ۿɼæ, Ϊ׵壬һӻظʱԽԽ, ڷҲ֪Ҫ̶, , ҲûΪԹ
Ȼ, һԭǷԼҪҲкܶࡣǰҪĳȥĸ, ĸ, Ҫżȥμ˾ٰĸᡣڲ֮ǰ, ֶһǾǿ˱µĻ㱨һЩ
Ϊ֮ǰڼδЩ, Щƣ÷ҲЩɡǾͽЩѧԺ¥ӤԺ齻ԸԺµİѧԺȵطľӪ㱨
ʼңΪǽܵĽҲģ»㱨ѧԺ¥ȵľӪһ˱ȻǲڻµġҷԴӹ߻㱨˼֮ЩԺȫͬѧԺҲ˺ܴȤȥһѧԺ˿
֮󣬷ָпΪʼҹ˽࣬Ҳֻֽͨϻе;˵֪š伲࣬״ЩԶģô֪
Ҳ˽һЩնѵĵȴҲֻ̣еӡֻǾһȥ֪򵥵ıīֽ⣬ڰ˵쳣ݳ֮ÿ쵥ϰֵֽڰ˵һʾ޴Ŀ֧
ѧԺȻֻһЩǳ֮徭ѧ߿ƾһ;ǶЩ˵ȴһıδһѧԺѧϰĻᣬʶ֮Ժһıգ˷ƹ񡢹µЩְλЩ汲ʳ˵ǳ롣
רŮӵѧԺԭ鱾ŵŮҲ˶ʶֵĻᣬƾѧԺѧϰǻнĻᡣײռķ֮ϲ᱾ͿЩĸҵһµظɻأ˵ǿԽܵģ˼еĺôʲô̫΢ʡ
պǳɻˣ˷ңÿ׬ӱȼ˸ߣֻҪӲ̫ģкģĵλǿǮʱֻҪһСӣô᲻Ǿǣǵĵλ߲ˣ
ǿеĵŸӸп˾ӰԶıҲ֪ŮӵĿ̵ģԴ˸ıּɵģȥŮѧԺԼļױҲһЩǮַԸĹµĶཨ˼ŮѧԺ
Ĳ࣬Ȼ˾ٿ԰ﵽŮӣҲͲǮˣǮ˵һ֣ЩʹټļױһĲƸˣҪӻһҲ꣬ˣβһЩŮأ
ڲ¥ǱߣҲһЩ顣
ʱ˵ĵײ˲ٽӴ˽⵽˲ٰյ״ɴҲ֪鼮ڰ˵кεȵ󣬶⽨ĹƽջжѽĵĲ¥شˡ¥ЩɬĶһӰټҵ伮ĻᣬʶֵİռҵСӣҲЩĹүһ˴С鼮򽻵Ļᡣ
֪Щ֮󣬽˻ʵۡ²Īڻʼңѵһ䱾ҲӦоСʵ۵ںβʼҲеһЩ˳¼ŵĲ¥У°ѧⷭҲòɳʽ򣬸ο˾ҲʾʶƵʵϵ¶ˡʱγĲ飿
˻˵ʵοᰲһطʽ㣬κò׷飬вӦĵͷԸȥùʶֵ̳¼Ȼ˵ȥ˵˹֮ɷ˶೭¼ݣȻ͵Ǵ¥С
Ժ󣬳¼ȻҲ⣬¥Ǳ߸Ĺ»Է񣬳ЩǮ¥Ķ˽Щٶ೭¼ݣȻ͵ؽĲ¥СһԭѵһĲ飬¶˶ɴֿɼ
ԭ¥¼Ĺ±伮ȻҲУʵЩ鼮ȥ¥ҲЩɬĶ˻аգЩں塢ҵĶǲ̤˵ġ
һºǲ¥伮ЩĶȣȻ̲ס̤ԭмһ˵ĵط
Ҳһʼ˵ҲһʶƵ߰գʥΪ°տһۻʹе伮˳¼ͳ
ϣջж˶λոյǻûõʵۣһʱù۸дﵽ߷壬׷׶ڸпλҳ֮ңԺƾٸУ볯ΪΪΪʵЧ׳־
һҲǽԴϲˡ
տʼֻǰµʱǲʱվˣ˶飬֮ҲģʼѧԺ¥Ǳߵ鵱ͷȴ£ΪЩʲôĶȥˣһȻЩǵĲ²⣬ֻǷȴЩȻҵ˸Щʱ飬Ȼǿɷһߵġ
ڷʱ״̬Ҳʮ⣬ԭҲֻǴ÷ЩЩʱ䣬ڵʱҲôġڷܶЩģ棬Ҳ֮ϲҲǻϲԼ˺Լһ˼˫˫ЭָͬоǺĵģôһҲˡսͬ顣
볯дһʼȷǺæģæҲֻһ󣬴ڹپⶨ³̺󣬽ʵϻҪʡعȥЩ֮Ҳֻںӡ
Ȼˣⰵ߷õȻҲҪɵģµľЩعٲѴ·ϣ˴£˾µָҲһʡطȥʹعԱ󣬲
ϣƽҲղѲ飬˫ر²ȷĸ߲ܹڰƹ㿪


172 ֮λ   ʱܡ
ʱܶࡣúܾƹ㿪ˡʳڰ˵˵֮, ֻҪеĺôһֵİվͲ١ھƫԶĵطҲͺ
ʱȻǲֹ, ֻΪĲ, ƹʱҪЩ, ȻҲеģֵֻ˼ҲǼ, Ըԣİռͥ, ϡζĸ߹ٹ塣
֮, ֲԽԽ, ۡҲڴܷҿûгζİ˵, ʵǺˣµЩȻӻרſĻУÿרŹԻ۵˶ŵĺܳ, ˵׬˸ҲûóӼоɫ, ʱ, ⡰ˡ˵ڴܷˡ
ƽᰲǰ, ָһ۶׸ڵļλθЦŵ, ȱֲ֮͢Ѿȫ, ȡ֮ȫٵıϲ֮, дȫİֲ֮ʳ, Ÿ˰ǷĵطѾָˣɼ߲֮
ᰲôҲеģǰ, Ϊ˻һʳز˵ǺԺִֻҪַǳ֣͢ⲻȵǬۻǵʥϽƽۣǲ⵱ʵ۵ĲŸǶϵգ԰ջݵĵȨߣ˰ѵٲҲҪȥһӻӻ⸳˰̯ɣ߼صĵطҪĸ˰ģûеط󲦿ֵʵǺ
ᰲ˵һϲ£Ȼλڼ䷢ģȻʵ۵Ĺʷϻλڼ䣬հҵʳ㣬ʱڳΪǬƽ֮ΡΪι䷶Ҳûпܡ
ᰲλڼ䣬ʵ۶û飬½ųɰ±ǺεȵĹԳΪػʺǧһۡ뵽⣬ܲᰲĳȣ
׸ǰҾԴƣ¶飬ޱԲ֮䣬ǻִ£ģָҵȻµģҲרŸµģȻΪǧ꣬Ҳûܷ˸߲˱һͻȻأ
Ϊ̳׸ԼЩе飬ǲ˵Щάļôһ˵Ҳʵûĵطֻǿһѡ
ο˾Ҳõ˼Ͼʱô嶼ǰ;ӣֻҪЩվ췴֮Щ¼ɵ飬մȨ飬ǵĸΣȲϵġ
˵һĻ׸ҲҪ˰ˣ̵ҲֻˡҪ˵ʵҲ֮ǰܰκĶ׸֮λԼϾѾ֤ˣͲסճһĹţû˵˵ոսڸʱЩɬ⼸ȥˣԽˣЩϳҲʲôˡ
֮⣬⹦һ˾ͱȵԱˣĹû˵Ҫ֮жԣɲ񶷵κǸôףһŲø̽䣬׸֮λסˡ֮ãܵõһЯ󱲵Ժ׸֮λҲ屣һõĹϵӵ볯ΪٲҲܵõЩ΢շ
ᰲ׸ĻﶼǸ˵ģҲû⹦˭ģ˳ЧȻǵʱüνһˡ
Ѿڸθͬʱλ飬˵ڸ׸һ򾤾ҵҵûйҲпͣᰲȻ׸֮λó飬ẮϳġȻǲλأһʹͶ˵̫ˣʵ䲻Ĵ˷
ȥǷĺáּ⽨ƽᰲѾˣΪȻûзأλܵĴʵʵģҹΪһȣλݻϵͬڿǴһƷġĺǱȿ߶ˣʵ۵ĶĶǿ϶ǳϮģҪһҵûʲôΪڳ͢û£뵱ʥϲ׽һƷĿȲöƷԱء
߳ȥ⣬ûзˣ෴֮ǰԼ˼ٴҲΪԺʥǲٷˣǱΪͿ֪ˡ
ƽᰲڸļλ˵ʱ򣬼λȻ𾪣ҲһֻǱ˵ĸоϾ˷ְ֮ϲʹֲģȷõİ취οڱʥּóˣȻûи£Ŀ֪
ڸλΪ˵йص飬δθʦ˻бﱾԼѧ֮ϵͲһ㣬ͰһԼѧ鵱ȻҲǲᷴԵˡ
׸λθµ̬ȣҲȻᷴԣҪǷԣһûŤתµ⻹ͲˣϾԹ˲·˺޵ģ˹·Ҳǲ˼ֻ׸Ǿְһô˾ãֻǻҪ糯ʱλһʱּ
ᰲ׸ûзԵ˼ȻһڴӦģ׸˵Ҳڳϸλ˵һģֻҲֻ˵һŸ֪ͨࡣ׸ȻѾô˵ˣʱ̬ǵҪһ㣬װڴһȻּɣ


173        糯ƽᡭ
糯, ƽᰲһõ˵ˣʱλ󳼱̲סӵСϾʵǹ˾ȵġ
֮ǰᵽ, һڱ˿ʱ, 漸ǰҲޡȻλ󳼱ȷǷ޿ɷ޿ˣ˵ܵøλ, ǱϾҲֻ룬ڱİǰ, ܲ
ǳ, θǱڸ֮, һλү, β𾪼壬Щ, ᲻ҲƾŹ
أλűµ˼, ʥּѾˣͲ, ȻҲõ˳һ, Ǳе˼, ˭벻أⶼּ, ѵ᲻ʱʹмλҪԷȰһ, Ҳ˵, Ѿ, ܸ¶Ÿأοһ£θмܵ, һȻϵش󣬵Ƕ˵Ҳʵˡ
ϱҪû˳ԣǼԭŷ˼Ҳ˵ˣȻȴȥ˵ͻᱻųǼ˵ĹͣԲŻ˶ԵʱԷԱ¸˷ˣԷԵָþͳǻļ˺ˡ
ʹЩ˽˼һŷԵ˼Ҳҿڣڸ׸мλθҲ֧֣һ¾޾ĳˡ
Ϊ屻Ϊһڱʵδһ´ȥ֮󣬿ھСЩѫ˼ңүӵģΪԿ֮δз֮ʱľλǳϮ汲ģʱ˼ѹûʲôϢڵĽأ뵽һ̻֮ӾȻزأ̾׷׸пԼΪûɫӵܡ
գΧǵ޷Ҳ֡Ȳ˵ó˷ˮࡢȸ£˹ΪṩĻᣬѵѧԺͨռҺȥ飬ǲڰռ仹Ƕ֮䶼ʮܻӭĲ¥λʱͺˡ
أóȲ֮ߵǹ붼ֻҪһ̺ţһһĶؾջǧʳǽ긳˰ʣµʳԹȫһ궼ԵöƤԲȺǰ뵽
˵ⶫòóԻΣӾͳɣȴƲѳԣǺǳζͨƽʱʲô̫Եǣζ˵ʵϡȻٶٳҲ塣
Ҳ֪˭ģ˭ܹȥʥʥʣµĿɲҪмλǷͷ˼ҹĻͷ˳ʳաڰ˱ΪˣֻΪ˸˵ķݣЩվãеģεķҲ˵ˡ
ηҲ˲֪˲屻Ϊвٸ߹ٹǸҲ˽ɴԶ⣬ͼҲѰؼ߲ʱ˵Ҳ˷Ҳһ·
ȻαΪҲԭģһǴǰи־˹׸δˣǴθ޿ɷ⣬ټϽƽ֮˽˽飬Ȩ·ľġ
һһѰؼ߲ͷģʵЩֻȻܣܡ˳ѰʲôõģĻλʹͣһ٣СĻǽ鱦ĸʹˣʹΣڵʥǱ߹ϺŻһСջˡ
ƽᰲҲȻ֪Щ˽˳ĶģȴδֹֻۿţôԺѰʲôܹǶԴģԸȥɡ
οƽᰲ֮ǰֿһ⺣ⷬȷвٺöģҪܶѰһЩָܸܴʲôı䡣
Щ˽ɳĴ֮⣬͢Ҳɳһ֧ӣҲǿܲ˵뺣ⷬڵľϵϣ飬һ⽻ȻһЩԴʲôġ
Ϊ֮ǰЩ߲ȥˣҲںƯ˺üˣԺϵ˭ϤҲǰ֮ǰɳȥ֧еγĶϵҪλõġ
廹¼ǵ⺣ڿ½صĴŵλã˴ӵ½һǾ⣬ܲҵ˿֮⣬Ǻþˣ𽺵;ɶء
ΪδӰһˣ廹Ծϸĺϵͼ²п𽺵ļط±һ£ȥܹıʶҵЩ


174 Ӽ   ϵ;Ī⣬С
ϵ;Ī, вͻں·ƫԭĿ꺽ȻϣȥܹҵҪĿ, ǻǽһԴӵİȫΪ, ܲҵҪĶͿˣϾʱɲִһ, иָ̽⼼
ΪڱΪټڸθ, ջпܻΪ⵱׸, ϸϵݰԽԽ, ֻȻְһֱ, ڳ͢ϵĵλҲͣһ˽ύ, ȽõĴҲôλ
ҰڵĵλҪ߲ܣύõĹԱ, ͺнᵳˡȻʥԼɾ˵ĹϵҲһԼ, 岻Ը̽ĵǳ, ĥ, ڻʵ۲, ѱʮ֮Լ, ¼ɡ
屾ǲμӸ, ӦӦȥԸ, ⲻӰʡ๦򣬻ܶʱŷͰءȻǲӰôһӵ, ûиʲôҶһͬʵģҰ᲻ȥǼȻҲһ̬ȡôһҼⲻƫе̬ȣʹûнӰҲ̫Ľ٣ԴҶһ̬
ֻ߲ͨǱ߾ͳͻƿˣЩ󳼵ļҾʹȥμͻ磬һ軰ᣬԼϣԴҲ쳣СշȻΪѧԺв¥Ǳߵ飬ЩȥһЩżҲǻȥصģҲΪ˴򷢴ʱ䡣
ڼʹȥİٶ࣬ҲδɿڣȥΡǰյϰߣһ¶ȥôһأȥҲսõģڳǰЩǼλϣԼȫˡݣǾܾˣҲû˸ҹ
ЩͷԣҲֻеĲˣ˶δ䵱һ£ĵǰĶ⡣
⼸˵æʱûзɹ⣬ҲǲͨīͨˣƽҲûٰһɣ֡
ϾԪɣʶǵȻûģټڸڿεʱõĻıһִѧԢ֣ƽʱҲû١д˽˳㽲һ򵥵ѧСʶżСʵ顣ôһ̵ڵİȻֻ꣬ʵǱһĺӴġ
˵ͷûʲôĵĲǣʵǡǡ෴Ƿһֱ뵽ҪҪȥӼ顣
ĹӼ࣬ȥЩͨټʿǣѫӵܺͶƷϴ֮ӣϵҲûʲôҪ󣬲ǰҪʮܽ͵ĺȻУҲǲģΪѫúź򵽹ӼԼʵĺӶǽģá
ӼҲ࣬һҲȻ˭⻹ˡһ㺢Ӷ˼ңںӴЩܿʺ󣬲Ŵһںѡõһͽġ
ѫӵܻд󳼼ҵĺӽӼಢΪ˱ģΪǰ̣ǱЩͨʿӿƾٿҪģҪԡһһһпܼ£ڱǰӡ󣬱֮ǰҲûзӼѧΪ˱µۣƾʱⱻߪ˸ΣȻģ˵һˡټϱҲʮЩһѫӵܣӼʦҲǺǿģҲǲٴ󳼽ĺ͵ԭ֮һ
̵Ǵ´ģӼʦȻҲͲʲô۲ԴˣҰһʱ㱻ȵ۷˾ǰ̷ǸģοⱾǺΪʥ¡ɳϮλ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ԺҲ䵽ͷϡ
ôһ˵ԭ˼ͺӽӼɱⶼˡ
ͷǰ꣬ЩСˣ˹ӼȻնɹңһͯǲٴκ˵ģȻҲͲڼô̹ˣȻǸ簮ӵģǻЩİҪʼѧϾִʱĺӿ׶԰أڻҪһһ۵ȥѧ徭ʽʼŷӶء
أһֱڼҲãܵӴͬĺӣཻˣźãִĺӵҲ׶԰ͬ亢ˣӴأֻ˼͵ĺӣƽˣҪôǼеֵֵܻܣֻ׼ĺӣõŵûͬ亢档
ɷһ屾ֻйһûģ彻õļλ˼ҺӶǱȰ̫ģ治һ𡣶ֻһֵͬܣǵӣֻǵҲûиһŮȻҲͲʲô밲ͬĺˡȻʱȥμӸҲ˼ҲͬС밲һˣһᣬʱҲҲϴһ죬οһȥμĴָ
Կãͷ뵽˹ӼѡȻ嶼ԺԸĹƧˣȻڰûֳ龫ֵģȻˣҲͷһʱûٴŰһȥ棬ⰲȻƽͬ٣Ҳÿ춼úܿ֡
ͷǾѰͽӼ࣬ȻҲûʰֻǰɰ벻ĸᵣĵĵ㣬һҲһȥӼ飬һ뵽иСһӦ


175 ʺ   ȥӼ͡
ȥӼô, ͷȰʽѧһЩʱա˵ʵӼȻϸ, ЩҲзִ, ȥЩӸͨټʿӣЩѫд֮, һǼǺǵģ
ǲպһȣб涥, ˳ѵѧ, ǻҪЩѧԺǴСЬأϾô˵, ڹӼ, Ҳٳ֮УҪȫѧҲЩѡ
˼ҪͼĺӽӼֻҪǱߵĹӼ˵һͺ, ȻƼ¼Ժʱͳһ¹ĿһҲˡ³ȥϵ⻹, ҲǱµƽﰲΪ, ˾˹ϵͦ׽, Բô˵, ȥӼѧ鶼Ҫ֪һ
ɢȥƫ, Ϊټ, ߵС̫һѸٵؽȥͨ, ܿȥˡ
ʱƽᰲ, ûȥ˵ᰲѾ಻ס鳯˹Ӣˣ
ᰲ˽¹ϵͨһ, ˺ϢҲ̲סһ£ϾڵʵǼһ˺ú˵һͨ
һ㶺Ҳ˲䷴Ӧµ˼ǻʺˡ
ȵҲǬڵʱŵʱ̫ӵᰲԼѡ̫ʱᰲѡʷ֮ŮӢҲǵʺ
ᰲҲǷǳϲԼʺˣƽ˽µĳƺǡӢһ㶼ۺ󣬷ƽһ
ᰲӢԵۺɻҲҪˣֻһֱδãᰲǻŸոնʮͷܻûҲûʲôĵģԼͰӢҲᣬҪ̫
ֻ󳼼ʺ빬һֱδüˣûȰ¹ɺ󹬣֦ɢҶһЩڰʾʺ󲻹ȣûиλˣʼѪ
ᰲΪʵۣʱ־Ȩյʱ򣬲ΪӵһʱʩѹЭʼɺ󹬣ȵǸʱɲһ
ȵǸʱǻǵʮּѣ˻ʵ֮󣬸տʼϵȨԼڵʱʺʵ۳ɻһֱûйӺ󣬳һʩѹЭˣȻЭǹΪ֮˳ˮۣıӱƵû취˾Ͳö֪ˡ
ǵʱǬ۱˵ʱʺһһһ˫˵ĳŵʵ֮ǿʼЩκ˼ԴҲƫǳһʱ䣬ʺʮ΢Ҫһֱκܱ֤ڻʵᰲʱйӵĵλ
ᰲȢʺ֮ǰѾﰵŵԺһҪͽһһһһ˫ˣԲ檵ģοҲ֪ĸͻʽΪ˻סĵλЩѵģⲻԼδӡʺҲҪЩʱʹʺҲǰӢûлУҲûҪɺͷҲ̫ҽ밢ӢŹ˵嶼ûʲô⣬ֻʱδѣʱȻˡ
ټǰҲŮӹж˺󣬶Ҳ˳аʱ͸ⰢӢһֱûлеˣһҲѽڲŸոնʮͷӢСأҪ
ڴ󳼲ʺһֱӣ󹬿飬Ҫʵɺʱȫֵ֮ˣͰͷǼ˼꣬ڳϷ˼λЩ󳼰
ֻȻᰲⰢӢһֱδУĵҲЩԼԼĺӵģһֱûбֳĻʺӢѹˣʱͻȻˣҲʵϲŻ̲סϢ
ʺӡҲǷǳõģʺϵҲ˳һ̫˵ظ֮ҲûٿʺʱҲΪԵۺˣЦŵϲˣ̫Ǳ߹Ҳ˵زˣҵȻظˣҲҪ˵һģʺϵôãϢ϶ˡ
ᰲ˵ӦõģΪղģҲûü߻ʽһȻͷǿʽҲ̰̽Ӣⷽ飬Ӣͷһأûʲô飬ƽϵһ˵ʱҲܷŵĿ
ΪϢ˰ɰҪӼѧˣ𣬸˵һ
ᰲ԰Ǻ۰ģЩͷԵĽ鱦ʹͣѰÿһﶼᰲʵ۷˼ģƽﰲ̫ĸʱҪǸᰲˣܷӲרһᡣ
ô۰һΪͻʽҾһӣɲϡЩԵҼҵĺҲֵô۰ҲΪӹ龫֣һɿɰøǽͷԿŮĸŵ㳤ڳøͯһѿԺһѹӵģİβ۰
ᰲ֪ҪѧˣǷϣʼѧŰѹӼƽйúýһԺѧչһⷬҲǰëûаЩѫһдԼҺӽӼʱҲҹӼƻǷϵǺúչԼҵĺӣᰲȻǻʵۣҲǰĵ׾˾˰ҲǼˣⷬûë
Ǳһظʱ򣬾Ͱʺе˵ˣˣ̲סʰʰˣƽʺϵܲŽһҲ


176 ˫ϲ   ֱ֮ʺ󡭡
ֱ֮ʺ޹, ʺˣæſӭӣ˿첽ǰصЪ, еˡ
ʺЦŵû, ôҵԼӻ, ӭӭôˣʺ˵ǡ
ʺϵҲԭģʺǺϲġʺᰲ̫ӵʱԼѡ, ʱΪıǾһʱжĲ, жһѧʶ, ʺԸȻһŮͬ, мƽʱҲǴ, ŮദȻǺˣ˵ʺҲһֱܾطʽ㣬Ͷұ, ȻǶʺӽļˣһ, Ż
ʺ֮, ʵ̫ҽӦ˰ɣмˣɺã費Ҫ
ŷһѯ, ʺĹػ֮, ʵ̫ҽ˵жҵ, Ҳǳٶ, ҪǽΪ, 㣬ŵζˣȻ̫ҽ, ˵ĵõԻҲܷ£֮ǰǳ㶼ûʲôԾûŻµ֢״̫˲˵ģҴСڹˣʱȳ˲̫ͬɡҲӹǺãҽ˵಻ʱ˵û˳أ㲻õ˵ʺҲЦˡ
ʺĸʷΪֱЩظȻǲ̰۰ӵģƽʱΪԱ򲻵һȥֲ˵£ı̿Т͸͸ˣƶҲûа취ˡ
ΪĸļױЩάһھǵĿûˣֻע˼һִˣҲֻһȻ˹ڻд˳һæʱʺĸ³æҲͲʲôϡˡ
һԵʣʺʵͿ϶úҨһҨˣĴ㿪ʼҲŷС
˵ˮʺҲӦ÷ԼǿˣʺڹеʱӾͲ׼Ҳûе£ŮҲǴӼһģСһ𳤴Ҳ͸һûз쳣ŵŷ֡
ҲЦˣҪʺΪʵ³ָõʲôʱŷأƽƽģҲãʺĶӣս˵һЩԼǰʱľ飬ܶʺЩ
ʺ˷ĻҲûΪԼѾ̫ҽĶ;Æ£̫ҽȻ㣬˵ҲЩ©ģһЩܲϾģЩ϶õġ
ȷ˵Щ˵һڻе飬ʺ˰飬ôˣ
֮ǰ˵ˣᰲֻзʽкӣ԰͸ϡһ㣬Ű̫󣬱ⲻҲʺˣʺδûкӣҲû׵ܣֻһֳԶСӺϲҲСģÿΰȣ֮ǰҲʺĸ׽ˣЩûˣʺЩ밲ˡ
Цŵ֮ǰһֱڿǷҪͽӼ£ȻһЩ飬ʹˣҪҾͰһ档
ʺȻǸ˵ģЩЩǵͰӼǲЩˣ
ֵ磬С󣬹ģĺӸյһҲǸԿģĿǶأҸȥȥѧʱ쳣ϲ˵ҪȥءߣʱӦ˹ӼǱˣʱӼҲǿ϶ͨڵġ
ʺⷬŷ˵ģҲиڹӼﵱӣʱǿ԰æ˽¶չһ
˵ʵʺеʱ㲻Ǳģ˵ӱӦǺ飬˵ǸкӣֻദˣѰѾ˰ˣ鵱ȻǲͬˣԺӶţŰôһȥӼЩˣȻôˣ㵣ҲûˣֻŰʱܿӦ֮
֮ʺԴȥⷿѡЩķıȻ͸ѧǰӼ֮ǰҲҪ׼ˡȻʺˣҲɼǹŰ飬ǿ϶ǵġأȻСҲǶ۵ĺܣ֮ǰͱµĵģԴҲģҲܹȥʵһﶼҪһġ
ʺڵʵںġ
ڳɻ֮ǰʺէѡΪ̫ǻֵ̿ģȻƽʱˬ򣬵ҲֻһʮŮӣ˵ȷЩοԸҲһ൱ķƽƽعһӵģδӺãҲɪҲܹϡò㡱ӲãͨҲྴԹԵñãԤ޹صġ
ֻǵʱȵּͻ飬뷨ʲôܲ޵ģ붫֮Ҳҵģ̫ҲʲôԺ̫ӵǻˣҪһȵĻʺƽú󹬡
ɻ֮ȴԤԯޣ̫Ӵʮᣬƽ˽¸ԹӢ޽ǰûͨ檣޽֮Ҳһδֻһˣȵǻˣɺ󹬣˱µ̫Ҳȫ֮ûɺ˼
δУҲֻǹ壬δκѹҲֻʺһˡ̫Ҳ㲻ԭ̫ģʵ۶ûãɺʺʩѹ˵ߡ
̫ûκñɺ飬Ҳδһֱδжѣ෴ο˵ͻʵ۶ͻСż˳Ȼƽϱ˵ǱŮҲʲôˣ̫Ǳͨ˼ҵϱദĺгˡ
˵ͱ꣬¾ųɾŵķ޹öҪгûм޸£˵Ҫϱ⻹ɷ檵أܹ·޶Ҫ޵
ʺҾ͸ͨ˼һͨ˼ҸӺСӺƣſͣɷ꣬µһüͥˣԴӼ޸֮󣬴δһպڹġ
Ǳߴʺߴȥ㾶ֱȥ̫
̫õʺеϢǱȷĶģʱʺǼͨҽ͸ֱ̫ɹȥչ˻ʺģԻʺһ̥ǺӵģϾҲǶӳɻŵá
֮ǰʺһֱδУ̫ҲĹģҲ뱧ӺŮģֻһ£ֳһ¡ȵ۱ΪɻʮһֱֻзһŮű˺󹬣ֶκ̫֪ζʩˣԾ͸Ըûʺ飬ȻҪһһһ˫˵ľǾͲҪڣҲǳɻ֮ǰԸĸ˵ġ֮Ҳǲű߼ʵôŶӣͬʱҲһֱοʺϱϲҪżչԷ
ڻãʺˣŮͻʵ۶кˣҲĸһ´ӵȤʺǱҲżΪõˣϾƽʱͻʵôʺģһֱûãʺ󲻹Ҳǻżһȫ·ϡ
˻ʺе飬һϲ£̫ŷŮЦŵ˾Ըɻˣ˫ϲŰ


177 ֽɻ   ľ˾˾ֽ
ľ˾˾ֽ, ھ˵Ǵܱ߹صĶҲΪ֮ǰȥ߹صʱ, ҲǶֽչˡ
ֽôͻɻ, һֱ̫ĲʱͻȻյ˵ҪϢ, ɲǼϲ𣿶ؿڻʺҲˣɲ˫ϲ
ֽҪȢǾһλŮ, , ֽСʮ, ޹, ɷȥˣȻ˹ѡع֮ʹӾ˱߹, ҲǻҡΪǽŻŮҲм湦ڣ˱߹, ˵˸֮󣬸ֵһ˾ӡ
һʼֵ԰æ, ΪŮװս˹, ЭԾҲھְλ, ˸, нҲЩ, ԴҲû˵Щʲô, ӾôһλŮ, Ҳ߸ͷˡ
ľ˾ֽҲɺϡӵĸнΪҪֽһʱ䣬ȻҲǸһ, Ȼм䷢һЩ飬ֽ˿ˡ
һǴ꣬һعŮôһҲģ˭˭ԾеʱͷҲͰ˸һҲȻ룬һ
ֽ֮ǰһֱδҲǲ뵢Сӣ˼عѣұ߹࣬ҲСܲߣȻҲһЩԭ򣬱һֱڱ߹أҲûʱС̸˵ԾϵϴС͡
ӲֽͬھУҲϹսģҲûӦ˱߹ؼ˵˶ھһ£ȻְͬദʱҲǲٵģֽҲõΪһֱھæھ䵭ӣΪҲеһλŮΪһɼ˿ˣÿҲǲٵģ˰԰æ˭Ҳ˲˭Ҳʡȥ˻౧ԹûʱԷڡ
֮˵ôֽ࣬Ǹպˣ˫Ȼеȱ㣬ʺ϶ԷߵһҲͲˡ
̫˼ֳֽȻǵôģӵûʲôҪֳܹϲͳɣҺòֳɿԸˣĶҪˣҪҪģֳˣֳõˡֳԸף̫ʵемӵģѾɹһλģ̫Ҳʲôˣֳи֪ȵžͺá
ֻֽϵ̫뷨ֱ˵ˣʮպھʿļ֤³ɻ飬һдӼ򣬱Ͼ߹ǱҪҲЩѣЩҲδһõġ
̫õֵģǴӱ߹ص˵Ҳһ£˵ʮպɻ飬͵ˣǱҲѾˡ̫Ҳûа취ˣܹǻϲģֻܵⷿѡһЩȥֳĳɻˡ
Ҳ˾˸ˣ˾иˡʵԭ㣬ҪǾ˾ⱲӶףð˾գСܹÿһ㣬ܹûиĺá
λӷҲǼģǰӵһλھɵģǸʱҲǾ߶ģΪжһӣӡ̣ڼλСӱ󼥷ӡûһŮӵӣȢӵλӿǵùʱ򣬳ѵǼλСһǸʱû뵽ôЩ꣬ӾȻܳԼľĸˣҲһԵˡ
һ֪ģΪֽ෬չˣҪ͵ġ룬ףֽ»壬߹ؽʿ˶ʮӵľãֱ͵ֽϵģûۿۡ͢˶˵֣ôᱻһˮ
ֽյʮӵʱȻǸ˵ġֱֽӣ˵ʮˣʮһգĶʮȴ͸ȫʿģֽΪ˽ʿҲܾΪŮֽڻؾʱ̫ԸĹǶ˳۶ˡ
˵ڱ߹ؽʿߵͦߵģ壬˲֪˲ˡǰôһ⣬忿ը|ҩֽһܱߵĺ˲ǰ˳Ѱ˺ĸ߲飬ñ߹ؽʿжˡ
ǰ߹صĽʿ˵ȱģʱΪ˱߹ؽʿܳԱ㣬ٽòһʿȥһ߲һ߸ɻҲֻܳԸ뱥ѡԴҵĸ˰ɵˣҲӯˣΪߣ͢ÿ겦õʱҲ쳣ˬ죬һ˵дӪ˲ֿ⣬ʿҲǾΥĹԱӡҲȻ֪ģȻҲǶֹסظмˡ
֮ȥӼѧˡ


178 ӷϴ   Ϊͷá
Ϊͷð֮ȥӼѧ, ԰ǴһԭͷΪ˵͵б鷳ЩμӸİǻؾ˵, Ҳвμʱ
, ЩҪθϽЩ˻Ҳ·ЩҲ·Щ˼ңǸû, Ͼ˺ЩΪθԼµӡЩյ˼ҺǾ׼һ, ͸ǻ˲ʱ׼, е˼Ҿǲͽθ, ҲǸԸ, ȻҲܷȥ
ȻҲ֪, ҪǺ̫أ֮϶ǻ˻ȥģҲȻͲȥ, ԼұͷҲ, ԴҪǺȲƸǱȲ, ЩƸǺϷ, ˸˰, ڻʵƤӵµ, ̰ܻûϵ͵ĺٹ, Ҳǲϡġ
Դ͸񼸺ԾΪ, ֵľģǲͼôءôĵ׼Ҳ뵽ʱܹõϲ, µӡԺҲܶЯЯߣܸ͸Ļʵǲ࣬ƽոҲᣬεҲһܹĻᣬȻǵúúõİһġ
Ҳ˶յȥӣμεģЩûյӵҲȨյĴθǰ¶һ¶ҲΪһҲû涨ܴˣһҾҲûʲôЩûӵ˱⣬߹հ˹ЩյЩϵ˼ҲϵϣҲһŽȥǲϧӡ
Ȼ˵˲࣬յӵ˶ɿڣϾʱ˴ȥˣҪǳʲô飬˽ȥҲҪεģǿɲΪһӾ͵ķա
ЩΪŵЩ飬ûֻܾôˣҲǧøȥҪС£Ҫſ
ΪҪȥӼѧҲһ£Ҳ˳˵ˡ˵ģ⣬֮ЩԭûдôѼкͽӼ˼Ҳ˼ҪԼҺͽȥ밲һ飬ܴܲСһ㽻
ʵҲЩ˼һ˼ΪθֻаôһӣҲˣ˴ӣбڰճϵԴҲ٣˵ǵһӣǻġ
߰ǷӣʥΨһ̫ǰϲС˵ԺܻᴫϮľλԼ־λ˵ǳ㵽˼ҵյϣԺǰ;Իǿļģ볯֮ƾͻᱻίΡ
ЩΪܲܳϮλѫ󣬻Ҫƴ֪ܲܵøһְٰĴ˵ȻСõʵĽؽ
еĺʱһͽӼ࣬Ҫܹ浽һȥΪֵܣԺٳҲиģǰڱʵ۾˾ǰһ죬˵¶ӡԺ˵ʱҲڸһְٰġ
֮ΪҪӼѧһӼСѧѧһӼһʼôһ£һʼôҪѧĻЩءϾȻҲ˼ǳźСͽģȴҲ࣬ÿôСèֻɽĿĺüأ
ȴҲܿ췴Ӧ˹֪ЩͬʱͼкӽӼĴ󳼵˼Ǵ⡣
ЩͺӽӼĴҲɵӣӲҪźȥֺð̫ˣҲʵ䷴ֻӲҪﰲҲûж˵ˣҪ浽һ׬ˣ治һ𲻵Ҳûйϵ˳Ȼͺá
ȻˣҲд󳼶ôģٴԼڳҲģڱǰҲЩ棬ȻǲüССĺȥһ׽飬òšеĴʱͺӽӼിǿ˼ҶڽͺӽȥˣͬĺӶ࣬ҲһͽȥûšȻŹͣ˼ǰѾڹӼϹѧĶϤˣγһС壬һţģҲȥױ
ҲǺ֪飬԰Ƿģ԰۹⣬Ӧܴҵ浽һѣ͸ƭˡҰǱͬ˴࣬ʱ򻹲֪˭ƭ˭أǰûаϡ
ɢ֮ػ˸¹ٷһȻøȻȥ˾¥ȥĿıǸؾְĳɽӷϴ
˵ɶҲǶ겻ˣżһֱûϣǰ꣬ǻؾְҲһյš
ʵһμӿƾٵģֻǵ˽ǰ̲һֻǷȴɣȻҲȥǽӷϴһ
ǵ˷ֱԼʡɡ󣬼һͬμԵģֻ֮ԣΪɼһӴ˷ֿˡ
ѾƾˣϼǱ߿˸˽ӣӹζġǸ¥ģܿѾǸˣ͸ллˣҲ֪Լޣڿ֮ûʱʱ¶ƾٵ˼ͬˣûбƾ٣һ˽ӣˡ
ȻʱȲ壬Ǻһڷܿ̿ľͷһɵʱҲΪ·һ߿һ߸·űȻǰ򽻵ġôЩĿ֮ڶҲɹ˾ˣȻҲǰһɽڶİ£˹ʿ
Ȼָףȥ˲ϡϾھ٣δθΪʦȻ벻ٳĿһ٣ƫ÷Ҳ״
Щ߹ٹ֮ҪЩǺ׵ģǶũӣû·ǺѴˣױЩõϢԵʱͶõĿԿһЩ
Ѽ͹ȥֲһ㣬ҲԵϰ֮⣬廹ȥһЩ൱ں۵꿼ԾܱࡰϡЩھʿǺ׼ߵ·ҵģǶصȴǲˣ˾ٿ˵ѩ̿ˡ
֮ɻҲ˹ʿ˻ڵϻǲģɵȻοĩβҲСǸʿڹٵʸˡ
ڹٵǶʱ䣬ڱ߹أҲûȥ壬æ֮ɱ㱻ŵһСط֪أ廹Ǵӱ߹ػؾ֪֮ɻЩģżҲһ°հҵҲǱϷνһΪ֮ڹְϵ˴꣬ŵڲŻؾְ
ǣɴ˷ЩȵεʱǿΪıһһһĵطȻҲǽɵ֮ϵģſΪıҲٸ߹ٹӵܳɣǿżæıһȻɵһһĵطȻ󡰶ƽ𡱻ھı٣ЩûκιϵģȻֻܱɵһЩһƫƧһСطˡ
Ǳ꿼ϽʿɲͬũӶңڳΪٵ岮Ҳ̱ͱũһЩҳҲЩ츳ģֻǰԵòôɫΪСˣ۲ȻЩӲãɽġ
֮꣬Ǳſһټϼйʿĳָ͸ɵҲһݣ֮˽ʿҲ˳µˣҲǺˡҳҲڶмλã֮żıűȥһĵط֪ء
Ǳ߸ǵ֪ҲЩ飬Գշһ֮ǵεһطȻְƷԭͬʵˣҲؾְȻþڰͬؾְɣǱһˡ
Ȼڸȥŵʱ򣬱˵£Ҳʱ֪˼ؾģԲȥ¥˽ӷϴ顣
ȻѾǵθˣǻϡģϾҴǰҲͬ괰ˣҲйһҹսľڳϽύĹԱ֮ûȵģǸʱҶһûϵƣҪϵཻ֮
ԣܵλ嶼뱣һڹٳѾҲġȻˣҲûа˵ڵĳɵӻһ˹ٳѸı䣬ǶԣÿдŵʱֳǸˣǴǰģ͹ˡ
ξ¥ۣǶ겻ĵһ棬ǱŻɵȥģģԺˣԼֱţҾǱ࣬ǻǱһΪ˿ƾҹսŬѧʱӡ


179    ȥ˾¥ѡ
ȥ˾¥, Ѿˡɺǰȣòֻ࣬һ۾ܿϽȵԸһ, Ǳǰһĸо, ʱҪһȣǾһķ, ҲǷԸǰͻСһЩĹӸ硣
֮, ǰ, ǰһ̬, Цŵþò, ƽųĻҲЦ, Ǻǰһ̶һ仰һӾҵǰദʱĸо
Ҳ߹þòȻûʲô, Ҳ˽ǰӣ֪һġ
ʮǰֱĵһط, ˶Щп, ʮǰֱʱǶδӹ, Ǹ, طȴǶ֮, , ְܹߵͶٳΪǰ̷ܶ
Ѿθ, ˻ֻƷС٣˫ԶȴΪԽӷϴ, ͱǰǶ˵ѿģԳҲ᲻ʶôΪݶĺѣѾԶˡ
ţպܿǺǻص˶ǰһѧʱһ޼䡣ȻСôЩľҲЩõóֵ֣һ˵ģʱһʱҲһȻǵ㾭ûȵģ͸һٲȥľҲһ飬ڳ˵һֵü¡
嵹Ҳýζģ˵ľǱٵʱ࣬ҲǸһģʱ֪ݣǱ߿νһףòײŰ죬ʵǷ˲ѪԶڳ˵ľҲܸͬܵģȻǵľȤá
ľ˵Ҳ֪Ͼ⼸θڳϻ䣬ʮ֮ߣЩٵģһθ׹ΪپĹԱ˵һڵʱҲǸƹģǸմ򽻵Ҳؿ߲ľ޴仯֪ݹ֮
ǰһʱ֪Լǿ֮࣬ԽԪԼɽʱҲ˵һ㣬ֻǸʱû뵽ȻܹΪθô£ǸʱҲֻǾԺΪƾθ߶ٳߵ˳һˡ֮ԪڣȻ𾪣ȴûкٶ𾪡
ÿΪԼʱֺȻһµָһϲȫ󲻵ʲôϡ
Ҳ֪θͬѵģΪһϾԺǲȥ˼Ұæ£ҲΪѵͷԱӻһ㱻˴ѹȥҪݺѹʱ򣬶ҲҪһġ
ȻҲǶԼôһѶΪģֻҲԼϣȥʲôҲҼ˿ÿЩҲδʲôȥθæ飬ʱʹ֮ݲҲƽȻǰദʱɣԼһͷ
ߣԼ˵ǨٶڵͬһеͷҲǱϲˣδʲôھҲ˵һſˣϾҵǨ֮·ǲְ࣬ʵ
ͲڱȽ֮У˵Щ͵ˣǳеЩһƷƷĴ󳼣һǰǨٶôģҲʵʵĹģҲûпָժĵطӣûԸȥȽϵģҪķǵðԼȣŲԽԽﲻ˵Լ
أΪũҳʵӣʮЩþõʲô԰նôشԶһݺ⣬һݸммҲոмġʱټҲǼģֻһʱǼҲ˵ʲôͷεĻֻż˵䣬ȻһԾţͳҲӣĮ
һɱһ磬Ϊɫδͣ»磬ԼԺ˻پۣվֻȵȻظԵסˡ
׼ظ˰ϵʱᱻ˼£Ȼ
ǴСһֱģͲСˣҪˣİ࣬ԺܼҵģÿҪҲ٣һȴĻСɵģԹˣ϶ǸҪ鷢ܿƿϵӣʲô顣


180    ʱҲ˲ôˡ
ʱҲ˲ô, һ役˸ոͻȻεˣѾȥ̫ҽˣܼһСĳѰүȥ, ʱȷ϶Ҫ
, Сϵÿһ㣬ȥ, Ҫʱ޲ý⿪ϵ, ɱظ
⼸Ķ, ͨŮҪ, ʱͻȻεɵ岻롣ڹŴ, Ҫǵ˸ʲô, ִȥҽԺųɼǿκõģŴһ纮ҪҲϡ顣ִֹװеҽҲǺѰģҽɽҰ֮, ٲҶҲ
岻ټ, ֻŷεֻһ, ûʲô, ˼ʱ, Ҳʱʻſڡ
صſڵʱ, ̫ҽӴų, ׼ȥ, æȥС̫ܵҽǰס̫ҽѯʷ״
̫ҽһ·̫ҽԺŷɱ, ʱźòܹЪһȻһ˵㣬Ϳʵڲ٣һҲֵˡθסһĵģҲûиӣֱӹЦŹϲϲˣˣѾһˡ
ɽһϺ£жΪʲô²εģܹһ
Ƿе£ҲˡͷѾɻʮˣһֱֻаôһӣڷУҲζǿܻеڶˡ֮ǰȻɻôһֱֻаһӣΪִܵĽʱµһŶӶร뷨һҪüӲ׳壬ŹԲһҲ͹ˡ
Щ꣬ȻһֱûеڶӣҲûʲôǵģҲͷ˵һӾͺܺˣô㣬ɲֵ˼ӣ
廹һЩִ۾Уڰȫз£ʱļŪءȻûҪһҪڶҲΪڹŴӶŮ˵ǹŹأΪҪһӾ÷մķա
ǷҲеʣټֲڵִ֪ʶ˰ôʱ䣬Ҳһֱûеڶӣػ˵һܵˡ
û㵽˷ʱڴǰЦظŶӣ忴ĳǺܸӵĵġ
˵ʵĹЩͬģҪڶûж뷨ǷȴҪһܻܵõģȻֻܾаһ˵㣬ҲǷҪɣοɷ򶼲Ըӣ壬ҲͲټˡ֮ǰǸȫڱеۣʲôãֻ֣Ҳûж˵ʲôϾֻǵһзµʱѣҲǳҩ֮ġ
˰ôЩ꣬һֱûٴУһǾǸȫڵۿЩôʱˣ֮ǰҲɻŻϵģʹҲǷԵʣһദʱҲ٣Ҳ˵ʵȷǲ̫СôһҲͲٿڶӵˣϾ岻УҪһֱҪһӣҲͽա
ֻȴͻȻˣ⣬Զǻϲ忴ӣôҲ˵ҪӵĻϾŴ̥Ůӵ屾Ͳãϲӣ͸˵ɨ˵Ļˡ
Ȼڲʮͷɽۣζ㲻ִ˵ĸǹŴǱͬҪһЩҲһŵģȲִŮӽҪӣ͸עˣǵȥһ䣬ûʵһ̫ҽפвС
ӹӼ֪֮ĸ׶һˣǼҪһˣʱڹӼʱиͬһãѧ˵Լжôɰð۲ڵܵܣûҪһãҪĸһܵҲΪѵؽ˰ɣ
̫ҽ֮ǰѾյ̫Ǳߵּ⣬ع̫֮ҽˮûȣҩȥ̫С
̫ʱҲһֱŷ̫ҽ֮ǰͣڹⲽתע̫ҽڻˣ㾶ֱ̫ҽ
֪ǻ˶ʲô̫ڷһֱŵģһȡ֮ĵĻϲȻŮŮܺãôЩҲһֱûйˣֻһҲûж˵ʲôŮڶ⺢ӻǶźãǰҲˣڻǿϲɺأԺ󰲸ŮҲиӦġ
⼸£̫˵ϲˣʱֽиӣ̫ҲԲˣûʲôɲĵˣֻҲǿ˼ҷ飬̫֪ʶ롣
У̫ȻǷǳĵģϾܴķ˵۰ĺӣһǵһӣܹǳǧϲģѵǶʱ䣬ǷŮʵҲǱȲϵġʺУ̫ҲֻÿѯһȻȥ˼ֵ֣̫ѷӵչţֻǷлзźãҪǰѷӽԷЩ鷳ˣϾвƵ֮Уֻˡ
ڻУ̫Ҳ᲻ˣ·ϳ˸ʲô飬ֻ̫ǧѡ˼֣Ȼ͵˹Ȼֶعˣʱ㱨֮ǰεҲΪģֻΪԼ֪Ȼθڲãõ٣Ȼ̫εˣ̫ҽҲ˵ûʲôëֻҪЩ΢һУִ̫Լⷿ˲̲֮Ʒ˸ȥ˲¹ЩҲȥˣֻȴԺʱŵģЩ󲹣ڵķǲ̫ʺϳˣùҲãЩѡȻҲû̫˱ˣʺҲͬһݡ
еϢܿҲʹᰲʵǱߣҲǸˡʽͻʺ˻еʱ࣬мֻ˼£Ժ֮ΪԵĻǽҲһ£
Ȼ´νʱᰲͰᣬһֺӻûгȰ׶õ˼֮æ־ܾ
ᰲ⣬֪Ϊܾôɴ࣬ɻƽֻһʽһˣҲֻлʺһˣԺ̵ӵʱ϶ҲǲúĶģҷ̵ĺӶǸõģԺ϶Ҳǲ檵ġӳ󣬲һк׺󣬳ǻӺõģɲİ˽б϶ˣ
ҡҡͷҾܾԭ򵹲Ϊ˱ģѪԵϵıܳһġ


181 ׳ɻ   ᰲʵΪΡ
ᰲʵΪΣϾ, ֮óһܳ顣
͵֪¿֣Ƿ֮ѪԵϵδ, ֮µĺ, ඼ಡصȱݻͷԳɵ, ²һ뿴
Ȼֵʱްⳤò, ӢŵļҲͨ˴ö࣡Ͼ׽׵ŴķҲΪ崩Խô, Χһֱûн׽ЩҲҪ, 첻ᰲʵӳԱͬͽ׵Ļ, ҲͻȻ顣
ҲЩգԼû뵽, 뵽ˣ˵ʵֹּۣܲķ, ҲԽܵɷ֮УϾʵڲС, ڴԽ֮ǰ, ǹҽֹ, ѾΪǵĳʶˡ
ôһ˵, ᰲɫ˲ͱ, Ϊпġ
֮ѪԵŮ׵Ĳ, Ҳȷ˵, вಡĺӣ֮ǰҲû룬Ͼʱܳ, Ƿ֮ѪԵ˼Ϊӹǲöز۵ĺҲ٣ܴʲôƾ˾϶Ϊ֮ѪԵԵʲ̫ŷ
ᵽӳʱȱݣɵӢţᰲЩˣΪѫ֮Уȷÿһôһġ
ѫ֮䣬ͨգδ½Ϊ׵ӸΪҲȢñΪ¼޸ⶼϻˡʵ۵ĺ̫ĸŮҲ١
£ĺӻ˵޷ǾǾǽţҲȱһҩģǲмǳɵһˣ⸸ĸǳ۰ӣȻѡǽ͵ׯţǲҴŲ߶һֱڸϾѫУʵ㲻Ϲʵ飬˵ʱŹΪһͲȱĺ⵽ģ鴫ȥҥĨڡ
飬סˣȴסʵۺ̫ӣᰲ̫ӵʱ򣬾ڸʵİϿܱ̽ȵ˻ʵ֮󣬶Ҳ֪ҵ鼸ʵ߶͸ġȻˣָҪһ飬ĳӻѫ˸檣ȥ˻飬ʵۻ˷Ѱ̽ȥ
ƽε֪ģô뵽ϵһ𣿡ᰲʵ
忴űµ飬֪ˣȻͼˣҲٶϻ˵
һ˵ȷǲע⵽µعģǰǸԽģִʱڴ˵ѾǳʶˣֻʱҲܽʵ˵ֱֻһɳ
ȥѧ֮ǰسΪĸţҲֻöԳҵҲΪͨսӴضЩҲ⿴˶һЩĶ볯Ϊ֮󣬳ȥ֪ݣǶʱΪػ޽ˮÿ춼Ҫմ򽻵նԳ׽Ͼ֮У˵˲£ļļҺӳͲм˵ģȻҲǴҿͷһ̸ʡ
Ȼʱһ£˲мӵĻǶԱأͶģΪ֮ǰصʱ򣬼мӵҲǱã֮޶ʱ򣬶˵ģȻ㷢еĹֻǸʱ̫࣬תͷֽˣǳĲǣȻ˵ܼٲķ
ᰲԭˣ޴ǰȴǴ֪ЩġƽҲµ׻Ƿ˼ЩܷеĹѾܲˡ
꣬Ȼˣ֪¿ɷ˻ֹּѪԵδ߽ףϾ߽׵Ĵʵ̫ǰ֪Ļã֪ˣȴǲԸԤԺ˲»֪ᷢ٣䲼ּҲΪ룬һ츣顣
ᰲ룬Ҳȷ׽ı׶ʵ̫ǹغ飬ҪֹּҲãֻǾƾô˵˵ҲһšϾ˵գϲѫ֮䣬δıý׶ʮֳ飬ЩĸûŸԼĶȢֶŮŮټ޵ȥ˵ǹغ飬Ϊ׽Ĳף˫Թغ飬ǲֻһ֮ʱЭģ˵ỳ޶ɵôһӣֹ֮ף¾ЩѰˡ
ᰲˣеĹҲǺε˵˳
üȻ˵˵ǿ϶ǲŵģ¸һʱ䣬Ȼٸ̽һ֮󣬳֤óķڷĶ
ᰲڣ򵥣ô޾͵һ֮ĺϢˡ˵ģֻӸ˵ĽǶϽᰲԸո˵ĽֹδѪ׽׵ģһҲһЩϾʱĺӶܺݵǲмˣֻøݣּ֮ҲٿԱ鷢Ҳ͵Ϊʺδĺӻˡ
ôһҲܶһЩЩҴ֮Ž׶ϵƣûȨȹ̣Ҳһٶˡ
æˣֻǷոջУҲҪߵʱʱÿ쵱ȻҪ֤ʱˣڸ֮еƽһ֣Ͼ鱾׸ǼλθģʱҲûʲô£Ҳûϵ
ʦδθ򵥽һҲ޳ôһ飬δθʵһµ飬δθٵʱҲǼũΪӲм㽫еģʱЩʲôڼȻ֪˽׽׻дмӵ飬㲻Ӷˡ֪ҪȥҪֺδθϵ˶ȥá
ҪҲܼ򵥣鷳˵㣬ҪľѼʮӳʱز˵˼ңкӴӳʱȱಡȱݵ˼ҵӢŵ˼ңЩݶѼ֮ٴɸѡѪԵϵ˼ңЩ˼еıôһֱܸ۵ؿ׳ɻΣ
Ϊֻ龩ǽʮ꣬ҲΪʱ̫ԶĵѶȷ˺üҾ߱ӽ£ʵڲ٣㣬ÿֻˣǸҲʮϵ˼ˣʮˣⱾͲһСĿʮʱ䶼ѾǳˣҪԶֺʱ׽ˡ
ֻͨҪȥͿˣЩҴ塢ѫϣ͵ñָɸЩ̽ˣϾЩ˼Ҫǳʲô꼰飬Ҵأһ£ǾԲôɵشģǵð̽Ҳҵרˡ
ŸҪһµʱ䣬ΪҪʱ̫̣ʵǵ鲻ꡣ


182 Ŀ       һº
һº, źӽ˹⻹֮󾫼˵ġ
ᰲеĲӣֻ֡һĻ, ΪֻǴɨһ, 𺳻ûô󣬵ǿһ, ǾˣΪһģһ, صؽһȫͿ, ôһȥ, ЩѪܵϷѪһƬ
Ҫ˵ᰲ֮ǰԽ׳ɻµΣҲֻһµʶ, ˵϶̣ǴʱǰⱾ, žôĿģܺʵ̫ˡ
Ȿӣ¼ļǼкЩëŵ˼, رЩ˼ҷѪԵϵδģôһ, ǽųɺ˼ҶǷ֮ѪԵġ
Ͼ˽׳ɻ, һ޳ɻµĺĿǺС, ҽ׳ɻ麢ӻŴļʱͨҪһٶ౶, ŻԵý׳ɻºռռô
ᰲƽһŵⱾ, ҲͲɵǲˡ˵, ȥٽ׸λθ
׸мλθҲ֪д鷢, Ͼһαô𼱻ǵǹȥĻǷ߲ʱҲ֪ʲôˣλһ߽һ
֮, λ۹۱ǱǹûͷĬᰲҲû⣬תֽǱûбǱӵ˹ȥüλ˴
֮ǰһȥЩʱ򣬲ûк׸ϸ˵׸ֻ֪ȥˣ֪ʲô飬λһʼһûбĲӵʱ򣬵ȷûзӦ
ټڼﴫһ飬ÿ˷ʱ䲢ֻǴһ飬Ҳֻǿ¼ЩΪز۵ĺӻвȱĺӣȻһЩŵĳӣЩͬݶһʵǲ׵ʲô˼ѵֻͳһЩͥϸ״
δθΪѧ˵εݣԿⱾӵʱ֪ʲô˼ǸžôĿģʵǳԭϡ
ᰲλ˴ſһ飬ǱҲ֪ǻûзӦʱڶĲӵ˹ȥ
λ˿굹һⶼˣҪǻ׾ϺͿˣʵйһĿȻģǰһֱǺӵʵͻȻֲҵķʽ̯ǰÿһѪܵӡ
ǰǴûн׳ɻôΣδӳ븸ĸ֮ѪԵϵԵϵ
ǰû뵽֮ϵҲԭġ
ʱӵزʵ̫ˣ˵ƽգ˵ĻҰɣ漯˶ҽߣȻŸĵرҩģҽ˵õġ
ǾÿһҲнһĻӹδزˡˣ˵ͨˣôһز˵ǳ
£ѪԵϵķޱãµĺ첻㣬ȱȻಡزۣҲֻǻһ飬ԲΪ֮ѪԵӻز۵²⡣
Ҳ˿ûлⱾϢʵԣΪе˽ҲʶģеҲ֪һģ¼Ϣ޶¡
ΪⱾϼ¼ľǽʮⷽԶʱûˣĵطҲڴС
Ǽλ˶ٵˣˣȻӲǱûδĹϵǼзǱð
ʱҲ׷׻ŷ֣ԼѪԵȻزҲûУǰԼֶ/ֶŮΪԵʲز۵ģϰΪ⡣
ļλӦҲû˵ҪΪȢֶŮǰŮ޸ֶӵĻΪ˵һٶõʧȥң˺ҵĹϵҲδĶϱԼ׽Ů޹ȥ۸
뵽λеĴľսΪǻжȢ˱ñģŮ޸˱ģ뵽ԺԼŮŮҪȺǾЩȥֻľѳۣû˰취
ᰲżλ󳼵ɫȥڵλΪּӴ˽ֹδ߽ףɺã
λʱѾǱѪĲӵģʱ˵ԵĻϾ׳ɻĽҲ̫Щ
׸ıϾҪԶһЩ´˾ףֻּ֮ǰЩѪԵϵķֵΣ׸Ѿǲóһ³̵ĻȢǽͷ޵Ŀ϶ǲ
ǼλҲǼҲŮ޸ܵģܲĿǱ˰ɣӣܹǿɵģǲõˡ


183 Ů   ׸ͼλθ
׸ͼλθ·, Ѿᰲʵһ
׸˵ûµȷǲ֮ܲóӦ³, ȻЩŮΪܽ׺µĺӿ, Ҫܵһ尾ҲͰˣ˶ҵͷ, ôҲ̫޹Щ
Ͼʱ򣬾˫δѪԵ, ĺ֮, ҲƵŮ, ʱ, 檵Ӳ͵ȵĻ, ôһЩе֪׳ɻµĺ׳⣬ʹ͵檣ʱҲͷ, ˭ӲĺأǿɲԼҲ⡣
ȷҪĸҪղΪ׳ɻɱ, ҲЩŮ, ϾҲܺߡ˵ʵ, µ, ô, Ʊػ˺ЩŮӵ, ֻһ˺ٵ, Ҫľ˺ͣЩ޹Ůܾع鵽һУҪš
Ҫ, һЩѾɻķޣѪԵģɻʱ䲻룬Ů룬зҲ˶ǨŭŮɳޡ
ڶҲҪһ㣬һŮţ൱ںĸʽԱĴǣٷ칫ҲһӦȫ
һ飬ҲǴڱ׶˵ġͱŮӸз룬ܹ֮ЩټޣҲֻѡͼޣʱľޣǶŮ𣬶ǵ쳣⣬㲻ǵĴܵŵҲЩŮӡҪǲ룬㳯ּܿ͢ӳޣ˽û˹ţôǶǵ˼
ڶ忼žġ˵ŮӺ֮۵𣿼Ȼˣ㽫ǵߡǳһŮţЩ˵Ůӵ³Ůŵֵרܵǳ̨˽ֹδѪԵ߳ɻּЩͷ޻ǿӵ顣
ѾԤּ֮Щ֮ѪԵģ֮ӻԸĵУʵ̫ˣĶɽǺ͸ˣǻôԲܸõӾͿ֪ˡ
ͨռҵǶԹѸټ޻ŮӺ֮ټ޵Ľ̶ܳȸһ㣬ϾеϱȢأﻹϱģԽҴͶԽ⣬档
ŮӺع֮󣬳Ůر۰ģȻúع֮Ůټ޵ģе˼ҰѺ֮Ůӣƽ˻ŮҪټ˼ʱҪֹôһЩŮӵ³Ϳ֪ˣҪôȥׯӻǼƹŷҪôǳ¶ǰ
ڵּһЩѾ޵Ůѡ룬ȣ֮Ҳùǲ룬ҰŮ޷ûŮͷɷҪǻһ㣬ЩŮӵĺӹ
Ż뵽һŮţרЩ飬ЩûкΪº֮òõŮĸһŮӵȨ档ôһЩеͶ·ŮҪܽţҲи·ˣʱиְǰһзҪҲûôˡ
˵ŮӲͷ¶棬֮һϵе⣬忴⡣뵽Ůŵģ϶ǴѣͶ·ģǵҾǺǳ裬ǰķҲǽӶǣȻ֮ΧҲȻвģʱ򣬽Ů֮ʲôأܹǹúþˡ
οܳһŮţҲʹŻʵ۵̬ȣ֤СδѪԵߡͨ涨ģΪЩ¶Ůӵǵˣ˳һŮŮΪٵϣ˻˵°䲼ּʱļᶨ
ǸʱҪΥǰһͨҲһΪ϶ͨĲ˵Ȣ֮Ӳͺ𣿵ʱ˱ȥˣ޹ŮӵҸҲûں١
ŮӵļֵǼӣʱТ޺Ϊ󡱣֮߳ӣǰ̸ŮӼֵǿ¥֪ǲڣһѭ򽥽Ĺ̡
Ůŵ飬ҲԤʲôȻ󲨡ãᰲʵ֧ġǰᰲûеǻʱ廹ǵһʱʦģˣҲһֱᰲдţǼдŲִ˽ᰲھǵ˻ʵۣҲʲô⽨صӣȻҲͲͻʺһһһ˫˵˼ˡ
ֻ黹Щ뾭ѵЩ廹Ҫ˵׸ǵģҲûϴһ˵⵽׸ǵķԣδθǳĬȻ̫޳ɣȴҲûиԼѧϺȵ˼ϾȻЩףǵȷܰﵽЩŮӵġ
׸ǳôԣԹûŮΪٵĵͷ¶ģأ
еȻûŮΪٵӣǲǻһλŮҲ˵˵֮ǳһŮţҪܵҲЩΪ½Ҫµǵֹ׳ɻӻǳ޵һϵеļ£ЩҲЩҳ̣ҲϰϵҲ͸صЩŮΪ֮ԳòʲôӰˡ
ͷ¶λѵΪΪߴȥЩԻߣԴӹ֮󣬱вٵŮӸ߳ȥеϹµҲŮزЩͷ¶ѵλ˾ԼҼŮ𣿡嵱Ȼû˵պЩҴ岻ͬΪ±ŲЩϸ֦ĩڣǮ׬ȻΪһлͷ
׸˵Ϊ˵ЩȷеҴӸոһҲ֪ĳŮţȻûʲôʵȨȴҲű¶ЩΪºŮӵ̬ȡ
Ҵ֮䣬ֱóɻʵǲټ⼸λˣҲ֪ԼҲеģѾּǲܲµģʱּˣԼЩŮҲҪܵӰġ
ŮųˣʱܲЩֲʶŮӽȥռҪλãҪλõѡ϶ҲǴЩҴ壬ѧֶȻ˵Ůѡġ
Ǽĺ֮ŮҪǵʱܽȥҲһù鴦ˣϾոձҲ޵رȻЩŮﵱֵСӲЩһӴȨں͹ְȴһӦģʱǳΪٵӱǵλͣҲҪġôһˣЩŮӵҲۣϾҲһ顣
忴żλ˵ɫ֪ɶˡ
ʵϣŮŻбĿģֻΪôһ顣


184 ˮ   Ȼ֮ǰͨ
Ȼ֮ǰͨ蹤, Ůӵ߳ŻùĻᣬӶŶľȻһڼеĵλ, ӢĹҵŮԴӼͥнų, һֱӸӹŮԣҲӵһ׬ǮĻᡣ
ڵ빤ҵ̫ͬ, Ϊ㷺סʱǷ⽨ƵᣬһʱҲĹҵǸʱһ, , ɵطչ, 蹤, ʱ˵˰Ǻܸߵģ֪һ, 蹤ǿЩˡˡԼĹϸҲֻǱһ, ʱ׬ӶЩ˵ġ˷ѡܾܵڵЩ, ࡣ
Ȼ, ѾвŮ߳, , һ׬Ǯ, ǲ, ṩŮӵҲ޵, ϾһŮйôһλ͸ˡŮȺ, Щܳ׬ǮıʵڲˣŮӵλϲû߶٣ܻݵֻһСְˡ
ǳŮžͲͬˡȻŮŴĶЩŮйصļҳ̵飬漰֮£ǲôЩֵŮӶƷģϴŹٷҲǡԱ
ôһʹЩŮӲմȾϵȨƣʱǱʶҲһŮҲΪٵӡ󣬵Ⱥ˵ŮĲμӿƾ٣볯Ϊ٣Ǹʱڵ̵棬͢ӵķӦҲôҡŵľˮܵĿģһǱĬŮӵĵλһ죬Ůܺһμӿƾ볯Ϊ١
ͼƻˡȥˣ߲ĵط±ǲˣһЩطΪʵԭƣֲ߲ģ͢ҲÿȥʳȼãϾĶǧǰһİٽˣ͢һγʮֵʳҲ̫ѹ
ʵ֪ڣʳ֪衱Ż˵ĲǳԱ˶ӣɲоǽһڴܵĹһһ긻㣬߹Ǳ߽ʿΪʳȱѵظսһΣը|ҩ壬ܱߵЩ˲ʱѾһ˷չĽ׶Ρ
Ȱ˵ʵִǾ꣬ǵʱƣҲˣ굽ͿԣԺǿƽꡣ϶ٳɵˣʱѧֺȻٽһЩ򵥵֪ʶܡ
ӾһŰֽҪŮƽȵĹȻҪӺӻСʱͿʼʼ֮ʵŮһͬѧߣһʼǵҵĳʵŮְƣ֮ѧϰеİ༶꼶ɼǴŮһġ
˾ҲôףŮһᣬĲкӲСһֱŮһѧϰкӣھԼȲϲŮӵĶ֮ԺѵáŮӲãͷʶֻ̣Ǹ֪ˡЩɼȷǻĵ׵ؿŮ
ЩкһŽŮӣűкӻҪĳɼ֮󣬵ԺɻˣǻĸԸΪӸһУΪӣٳּӦ
Ҳ֪˾ҲǱȻҪ˵۵ģϾʱĿ֮˼룬ĬŮӾҪڼӣٳּġЩѧΪ֮ļȵߣԸǰ˿ûзŽŮǹϷȨأ
ǾٴҲҪһǰԼšԽôһ϶ҪıʲôģȻôһ⣬ΪʲôأֻҲ飬ôҪôһԽʲôϾ޿ģִƴȨȨĳĴûУȱһ
ţıʱģֻǰ˶飬ʹʷһҲˣ롰Ϊ֮Ϊǰ޹ˡ֮ŲһԽ
Ȼ֪Ժܴ󣬵ҲûƵġԼǵθ滧飬ͬʱǱµĸҲǳߣʱܹǻһԸ֧ġ
ǻҲִѣȡҪһṦΰʱ򣬶ұԼйʦ֮꣬ڽѧдһִ˽ʱıᰲ˼ϲգ෴Ǹڳʶͬʱ뷨Ҳǳ֧֡
֮⣬Ҳһɹ£ѣ˱ʺʺȻΪʷкƶȴһģȻƽﲻһţЩӿԶ飬һ㶼ûٶҲΪͬڱŮӵĽʽûм
ʺϵƽʱҲ֪һЩ뷨ġ֮ǰЩѧԺͲ¥ʱȻ֪ŮѧԺŮӽȥֵģʱȻǸʺᵽģʺԴ˾ٺǳޣԸóԼ˽ǮཨѧԺøŮӿԽȥ֣ǶĿΪƹ»ǽôģֻҪǶ֣ǲͬˡ
ʺ¸ƣʱǱΪһЩԭ򣬶Դ˾ЩԥֻҪ˵ʺæȰ˵ҲкܴʶҡȻˣѾܴӦŮţѾ֤µ뷨ȷǷؾɵģʱŮһͬ飬˼֮󣬱Ҳаٷ֮ʮļʴӦġ


185 ּ   ׸ļλθ
׸ļλθ, ΪԼм⶯ͬʱֶԴ˾ڱصã, ǴӦ˽Ůŵ, ֻȴҪŮſԣȴЩŮմȾϵȨ, ȻŮΪЩȰ䲼˽ֹ׳ɻּ󣬿޶, ܵЩҳ̵ĺլ, ôרЩ, Ժ򲻿Խȥ
ᰲʱ򱾾Ҫ, ԼλҪҲֻǿп޵شӦˣֻӦĺܺ, ֻ˵֪ˡԺҪô׼ǻʵ, ԺҪЩŮӽ볯ãʲôϵءȻ, ʱᰲҲ֪Ůӽ볯Ҳʵ̫, ؿ϶ǲܵ, Ҳѡ
ҲֻǴӦ, Ҳ, Ĭ˴, ͵糯ּˡ
ҹ, ص޹Уᰲʺ˵£ʺ޵ĴʵǴ, ҪµŮллˡ˵ҪϸһƬ֮⡣
ʺʱ򻹻أᰲô񣬸Ͻһѽʺס˰ɣӦģŮӺһ޵ҲֻΪ˶С¶ѡ
ᰲô˾Щðˣʱ϶⵽˵ķԣ˵ȻǻЩ˲䷴ԼôǷǶԵģϾΥĹء
ʱʺ˼ҪŮӸлԭЩɵ˲䰲¾ǶԵģǰβҪҪǵ£ȻҪһλʷȼػʺۣȻҪһЩû飬ȻӢ䣿
˴¸ΪЩСŮ룬ŮҲѵ㲻ϵգѵһ£
ʺʱǸп֣ʵ벻¾ȻΪŮزȻҲ֪ģǱܹӦѾ֤µ̬ˡʺֻñ´ʱʵӢ伫ˣҲŮ֮ҡ¶˷ˣʺȴҲҲſܲҲΪһ
ʺͻȻ뵽ԼһŹѾӵģΪӣɷѰ檣޿̣ȻɷˡλŵɷҲǱõĹϵΪ£ֵúܽŸΪһֱԸټޣСıֶ̬ټ޸һİˣ޷Ҳص޶ѣλѾѾʮˣһᣬǰʱҪļԼɷѰ飬ӱǰˬ˲١
ʺţʱ֪ܷȰ˵ҲǸŮŰæ£ʱҲһʣøŮҲֻһ룬ǹŲԸȻҲǿ󡣰ΪʺڻʹҲв飬ԼȥŮˡ
糯ᰲ֮ϣλ󳼵ڰɻûеĻһҪ˵
λʱѾҪˣʱûҪ飬Ҫ³ˣʱ˵Ҫ˵λҲֻ֪Ҫ˵ʲô顣ǶԴҲֲˣֻ֪϶һ£֮ǰļβʱڣűʲô顣
λ󳼻شʱᰲʵȴû˵ߵļ̱һոӽܳĲӣһһַλ󳼣λҲ֪ʲôֻøϽôһ˵ɫǶˡ
ʱ򣬱ͨ鲻һ쳣ձ飬˵Ҵ壬ѫˣ֮ͨ䣬Ͳ٣վŵЩҲȢӾԼı/ãǲ٣Ӿ͸Ӿˡ
ᰲλɫȶٱȥڵλӦҲ׳ɻΣˣ޲òĲٶȷ䲼һּ⣬Ӽ𣬽ֹδѪԵͨ顣λΪΣ
ʱĴ󳼣ӣλͨı׶أо¼ܺߣﺢزģЩ֮ͨٶ˫ģʱ뷴Ҳ˵ˣϾдʵף׽ʵݺڱ¶Ҫֹ˼׸мλθҲˣЩЩԼС˼ģʱҪǸðͷԣʸ֮ˣһʱԡ
ᰲ廹׸λǣ糯˵´ֹּͨ⣬ʱգǳŮŵ飬мһʱ䣬ǻ壬Ȼ·һ飬Դҵĳ̫
ּⷢȻǲټб֮ͨƵ鷢ˣ֮ǰѾɻģŮԸ⣬зȻǲ͸˼ˣ˿ޡ
ֻ˵治һᰴôһʱãʱȻὫϣӵͷ㿪ʼǳˣǸʱ򣬾Ůŵʱˡ


186    Ϊͨʵ
Ϊͨʵձ, ʥּһʱҲʵһȻ󲨣ϵҴ, µ, һʱ֮䶼顣
Ϊּܹ˳УҲû˵ȥۡ
˵, ǰ淢ּⲻİɣûδ˽ףµĺĻôص⣿һСԱŵ˵
˵ĿɲҪô, ǰôû˵, ұֱý׻һ׮̸, ÷𣿹
ʱ, Աһˣǿ, ġǻǵǰЩӣΧһЩմЩҳ̵飬һһҷʲôϵ, кһҺزЩǻǵò
ǸСˣ㶵ĵŶ, , Ǹʲôأ
ʱ, ̸, ΧΧ˼ˡ
Ǹ˸С͵ЩЩΪʲô, Щ֮δȻǱõĺɶ𣿲ô֪óײأǵǰˮӵǸӻ𣿾Ǹɼҡ
Сô, ǲǰ, ǻϼˡ
Ҹ˵ǷǱãǰҲ¹ӵ, ֻزˣɼ˵ӦǶԵġˣ֪ǸǳǱһֱεһȳȱȶһҸ˵ĸûġ
ԱߵˣеҲʲôôһ˵Ҳһ׮飬ҸҲôһģСġ
ΧΧˣôһͣҲ׷ԼЩ˼ҺҲģһʱ˵
С͵ǸˣȺ߿ع׼ȥһط˵˾ɳ۵ģð顣һɳµĻв٣ʱھǵĸ︺ۣոĶԻھǵĸ
𾩳ߣʡҪ뽫ϸոµʥּпҪһЩȻѾּҪʡعԱִУҲΥ϶Ҫ¼лϵּģֻ̿϶ҪȾһ㡣
ߵҲⶨһЩʵʩģ˸أҪصĹԱȽ֮ǰһ½еǸ˿ڵ飬ɲӣȻӡˢ÷ŵʱʱҲһ㡣
ߵȷ˵տʼһ£Ϊּ⣬ҲûʲôȢǹһº󣬴ǿֻ˵ȢޣȴûƶʲôͷʩȻ˼ˣʼ̽ųˣ˵һôҲ͸ˣûи޵ģɱӡ
Щ޵˵ȻЩ̵ģǵѵҵ·ȥ𣿳͢ϵЩԱǳԱ˳ŵĹǵЩլ֮£ȻҲ˵ʮ顣
ҲǳԶԣû·ǰ治ţϾǵӲܸĺôѵӦ
廹׸һֱע䶯ģʱڳˣѱ¿糯ˡ
׸мλθ֪³ҪŮЩ飬ʱһʼΪ϶ǻطЧȵģѼ˻ףҪ飬һаձµּǵĶҲȷûһȢǳ޵顣½ҪŮŵ飬Ҳִ֪磬ûųȥ
ϣᰲ˵ҪһŮŵʱ򣬳Ȼ󲨡Ůŵ²ͬڱģЩصĹԱŮȨմȾȨΥ峣п֮ģַĳǰŮ۵˾ָΣŮӸıԴͷʼġ
»䣬ֹԱȰɣΪʵҪ˼󣬲ּ⣿˾֮£ǳŮţЩŮ˲յȨʱգǲ롣
ʱվҲлҪ˵ҵǾúδˣ˾֮²Ǽǧųôһ׮ҵʱǻŪȨҴܳӢ䣬ֵ׳ͼΣһڳǾҵҵĸصأ
ѵδ˲֪в޹ŮΪ֮ǰּⱻ𣿱µּǺõģҲΪ룬ȴΪּ⣬ЩŮ¸ʹģϾЩŮҲǱµ񣬶´˾ٸǳյĽǶϳģǾδôһ˵ȴжôײƵġδҲˡٲɹͬˡ
岻ǴθǱµĸڳʱǴȨգôһδЩҭסˣ֪λػ˰ҲֻǳŮˣЩŮƽﶼ֮УЩ֪ˣܴЩأ
ʱ򲻱忪ڣ׸æˣϾͼλθҲĬ˱µľٶ
˻ӣδҲǳڴģƽ϶Ҫһĸ£İɣôӵ飬һĵĸܴؾʱŮţ˵ЩλᴦأЩǺլ𣿱³ŮҲЩ޹ŮѣСֻҪ·ǱɣδܾЩŮӶ֪أ
һ׸θ˲δɫʮֹҲסֻ˵Լλϣټ˵ˣԵļλˣҲڸа廹׸λȫһһȥ˳һ磬սſЩ߲òϢģͬ³ŮţֻȴҪЩǵ²λiܴ£ŮŻҪϽȡ޵غá
ЦЩ̫ˣ̫ͿЩŮˣЩŮӳ֮ǰһ£黭ͨԶҲ˵ǵĲûģΪ֮Ҫ̫ܵˣÿԵĶǺլ£ԲЩ˲һִǵ֪ˡ
ЩΪɷδԺµĺӿЩ⣬ܷ˲ĴŮӣǼѵʱ򣬳͢ŮţЩЩģֻҪǽŮţͿ϶óһֵ潻飬ҲһͱЩϵӲ͵ŮųЩԵĴ󳼵


187 ŮӶԺ   Ϊᰲʵۡ
Ϊᰲʵ̬ǿӲ, ټ廹׸Ҳʵһ£ͬŮţԾ󳼷, ּҲ˳´ȥˡ
һʼŮŸճʱ, ȷǸûŮӹġϾʱŮĵ¡ڼ, ٳּ񣬻ʶ, ŮҲûʶ, ˵ԹûŮӵٵ
ǰȻһŮ, ŮǴ, ŮӵĵλҲûʲôԵߣҲȻûŮΪٵˡʱôΪһŮžͻȻŮӹء
Ҳ֪ЩͨײյŮӴǲʶֵ, ŮԤѡĹԱҪѡҲǼЩټһѫΪԭ˵ŮӣЩŮжöʶ֣ͨЩī, ҲȻǿнġ
Դӱ´ǸδѪԵ߲ý׵ּ֮󣬵Ѿȥ, Ȼһʼ˵׼ΪּԭͿ, ŮԸǻɺ, ڼ϶Υ, , Ҫ, Ϊ֪еѪԵϵ, ԺпĺӣԽͷȢǳ޵Ϊһ١
, ôΥУɷݵɷͷޣһֱſˮŮջҪҪھһ·վѡŮšȻʱʵҲҪһͷվи׷Ч£Ҳĥʵѡ
ŮҲѾ־ͽŮӶԺʱЩŮӵĶԺŮӹԱ͸𶽲ʥּ֮ЩԱ֮ΥҲΪЩΪɷδܵŮӻ߱ȺŮϾȻŮӶԺȻƷ׵ģȨȥ顣
ڵֵʱյľٱԼڵз飬ҲȨԷµ˽гʹġ忼ǵЩŮӶԺŮӣʹѾҲЩ˼ɵģܲøʱķţҪΪЩŮӶ࿼һЩ
ٹһʮ꣬ϱ½иĸǸʱŮӳ˲ۣȥץ˶û˸˵ʲôܹǲеġ
û˵ҪЩŮӶԺŮȥȥץֻҪ֪ڵз飬˲֮󣬶ǷµддʣȻ󽻵ǱߣɴǱߵɲȥвͿˡ
֮ǰ˵ʺôһѡʱӣ˰λΪϵΪỷľޣôŮתˣǻЩģϾʱŮٱǶЩ˵뾭ѵġ
ʺĹŽҲֻǴȰ˵һǹûǸԸҲǿ󣬱ϾĽŮţҪѹǽȥǸˣ˼ǿ˼ȥ
ʺµӵڶ죬ž͵ӽʺˡʺͲϣҲʮ꣬ûеʮأԼЩģܹѾӶ꣬ü䲢û˿ĳࡣ
ʺĹȻհԼĿ˸ͷĹžʹʺ󣬱ʺΪҪܾģȴû뵽Ĺȴǵ֪˼ʵЩҲڿ飬˺ܾãոľ
ǰҶ϶ʱ룬Ǹʱ޷ҲΪûиܰҳͷģǸʱҲԣ޹˼ɵӵͷѰޣȸҺˣѸӭȢ˽šʱһ룬ǸʱҲǶԵģһǱã˺һǺΪ֮ѪԵ˲ô죿
ڳ͢ŮţŮӸŮӳˣҲţҵҲȥˣɩҲųȥЩˣҽŮţãҲӰ첻ɩһˣȻβɴͽŮţҵû뵽ʺҲҽ˵ˣȴ˵ġ
Ц˵֮ǲء
ӵģΪǸʱͲҲûˣǸʱΪӣӵԭҲ͵ʱǸɷǱйأйӣزˡԳɻ꣬ǵޣȴһҲûУҲԵģΪӶɷҼңżһվߣȫָôأ徻һЩ
룬˵һŮҲЩͬʱ뵽ȥŮţڸŮӶԺˣҲһ顣
ʺҹŲûдʲôʱôһӺǾأ˻ſҪ߸µУҪл
ûʺӸæסҲһˣôοȥŮҲΪԼ⣬Ҹ£ΪģҲֵʺд˴񣬿쵽Űɣ
ԼʶЩ徭ѧʶǲģ͸ҪŮӶԺԸǱȻǲܾģҲΪŮӶԺʷƷģȻƷĺȻôߣڳ͢ϵĴ󳼵ҲְˣһӦٺ»йٷȴǱ͢ĸƷ󳼲ģ볯͢ЩƷƷˣҲӵʷ
½˼ŮӣҲǸ׸λθͬһģϾ׸мλθǲŮӶԺ̵ģȻ֪ҲЩ洦ȻȨ󣬵ǲӬСҲ⣬סһЩҲǺõģȻҲȰ˵˼еԸŮӽŮӶԺС
ʱھǸҲŲٵ顣
һ˼УĸŮԣĸӦŮɣеǿûе£ĸ׵ΪﵱϹۣ޸ˣֻǵʱȴû뵽绹ĸ㡣û£ųɸ㡣
ŮӵĸĸʱȢʱ˵ǺܺģϾĸţ޹ȥ϶һ㣬Դǳּ͢һ˵ǱãĺӺп⣬ŮӼ޹ȥʮˣһӣгɸģĸźɷ򾹾ӿ϶ģԹȻ谮ӣΪ˸һݣǸұΪƽޣŮƽƽ˵ӽĸ¡
ŮӲӦҪ룬ϾĸɷԺ϶̳мҵĶˣȻˣɲøļ̳·
Ůʵû뵽һصĸȻɷƽƫңʱͷˣŮӲŴŶӻңԲߡ
ʱԱһֱ˵ӳǸɣҿʱųɸǱߣҲʲôýˣ㡣ģǸһҪǸŮӶԺɲǰ裬ʰ
ȻֻǻһС٣ǻ飬Ҳ£Ȼ֪öһģʱ򣬶һңŮµĳɸ϶ǲܵκӵģ˵Ǹز۵ĺӣŮصǸҪһڷΪ·пܣȻˣŮɸɴ롣
Ůʵһ֪ΪԼãѾ뵽ԼųɸΧж϶ǻ鷳ģ뵽⣬ǸɷĸˡʱȻλ˵ŮӶԺȻһͷԼȥ˵ܱһҲڶ˰ɣ
һһŮĸȰ˵ţȻûǸлŮӵǷˣ֧֡
͹һܵܰɣǼҼҲ׼ҸߣԺ͵ܻܵҪ׼ҺŮЯأԺ϶Ҳӣ˺ӿԺ󻹲һûأŮģλ˰ɣȥׯסʱ㻹и֮λȻǱ߹ҲáǱҲ˵ˣֻҪԸ⣬͸ܵıһȱȥǰǺܵھʹӦ˰ɣ
ƾʲôҾҪȥׯסڳط˶˵ĺãһ֮λʲô𣬱ΪҲ֪˼Ϊ˸𣿲˼ҴˣԾ͵ׯȥ۲ΪǰɣȻ˵ȥ֮ͿʼҴˣôȼʮ֮󣬿ɻҵĺӹ
ÿɱʱżҶڱλͣȥׯϣóλɷһ˶Ȼºӣȹ˼ʮ꣬ׯϵޣʲôӹ²˭һš
ʱҺżһȰ˵żãǰ̣أʱԮȻŮӶԺȼһϣľˣѰһ·
Ǹ˸ֵӣͬʱһЩŮһͬͷûܸҪԼԼԼһŮҲŮӶԺǵһ·Ϊˡ
˴һ£ŮӶԺڿչܹתİףȻ󾭹ʽڹ٣ˡ
ĴȻҪ°յģʱ۴ҶŮٶô𾪣öô뾭ѵףŮӶԺԤʼְִܣˡ
ŮӶԺУȻⲻͷ¶һЩӵЩŮӣȻǸܹŮ٣ҲЩ׼ģʱȻס˼һ˼µġ
ǰ£ǾͿǰΪլŮͨ˲ٺլϢȻΪٵŮһЩִΥǿŮӶԺЩŮ٣ؼҪΪ֮ǰּ޵ģˣǱŮӶԺߵһֽдʣ͵˴ȥˣȻ󲻽Ҫһ֣֮֮Ҫ⳥Ǻ˵Ӳ
Ȼˣַ˫Э̺ˣ׼ģŮӶԺȻǲܵģϾ˫ѪԵԺµĺҲǺпȱݵģЭһҲá
ʱ򣬺˱˺ܹŮȺ壬ŮӶԺȻҪŮӵȨˣһŮӵԸΪȡ
ΪЩѪԵˣԺµĺӺпȱݣЩ޻Ӻ룬Ҳʱ򣬺˱˺ܹŮȺ壬ŮӶԺȻҪŮӵȨˣһŮӵԸΪȡ
֮ȻǿӭȢ˻ӵģЩŮأǵΪ¶ˣټ޵ܹϾʱŮ̫ˡ
ƹǵּʱ򣬲ɱػһЩʹǻҪȥһͺˡ
߱˼ѵزſµǵּпŮӶԺҲǷ˺ܴ󹦷򣬲Ŵת£ʡֻȾ߸ѣôѣҲһܳɹִ󲻾ǽֹ׽𣿹˼ʮ꣬ڶʮһ͵ܽ׽ѾΪһʶˣţܳҲǿԵġ


188    ƽʮһꡣ
ƽʮһꡣ
վȥ, 죬Ͷ磬˼ʱʱ, ŭ, ˼ȥ
Щ棬һ۰, Ե޹ʲô϶ǰʲô÷, ǲ֪ʲô, ÷ôƢ
, չȥ˷, Цϴ, Ҹ֤û»ءЪţڡ
˵궯Ѹٵվǰ棬ʼ˼, ֻ̬˼, ǿ硣
İѾ귽ʮ, ȳ, õǿ, СС;Ѿ˲, ǾԸĸŵ㳤, ͷñٮٮ, ŵİĳͲ˵ˣҿСҪٴ, ȥ˵κ׵ʱʱʢɱdҲǿŵġ
οݱͲĸһǷһǵ׸Ȼڳ빬͢ĵطʵ۾˾۳裬Ҳûʲôܾˣϳȥһĵ֮УССͻȱǰͣʤĳ̶ȣֺ˼ǹˡ
ֻǰȻԽԽ㣬οѣжͷ۵ʱڣڹӼӿҲһˣһΪ̤԰ǰһúþưѷӹڶϲ˿ΣȻͬһӿˡ
ҿҲϾٵʱҲûдģǸʱʰ̯أڰС£ҲʲôϾЩӵܣ˲ֹһ㡣
ڰ귽ʮȴѾȡŵĹǰףûж׸׵ͷ⾩һҲĽдоλǲһܶյ㣬ȥ˾ؿƾ٣ܵһ³ֱ˸ףʵᶼ֪ôᣡ
ƾ٣ҲֻѪ֮٣ֻ뿴ԼһһԡҲȥˣû뻹һ׻ھϲȦʵй𺳵ˡ
Ͼʵ϶ѫңǾǲƾ٣Ҳ볯Ϊ٣·ӵܾģֺõؿƾٵ˾̫ˣȥҲһܿúãɴͲˡڰ֮ǰѾûκѫӵȥƾ˿˸ߵΣ֮ǰļҺˣΪӿʮ˽ˮ磬ҲȷǺóɼˡ
˶˵ǸţϾԪӰǡϾǴԽһصģȵͬȻǶ˼ֵĳĻһݶصļʶ˵ˡȴʵʵڵʮ꣬һǰеİףǸʱʮ꣬꣬ʵֻʮһ
ôһӣʵںѲԺµÿһͨһ
˽ȥȤضԷʵʲô飿ôǵô
ˣ۾һƳǱڡ˼İǰһ羹ƭ֣ѰȥˣЩСӷһ졣໹꣬ҪǳʲôôǺã
ͷŮˣúѩɰͷԸĸлʵۻʺ˾˾裬Լ̫󣬾ûвģ֮ʱǸءᰲʺµǸкӣûŮܲϡ𣿾һʱĳţᰲ˾˰²õġ
ƽµȤǾǸ磬ÿ첻Ű⸱ƯɰģܰڵĶˣԷŻ翴ȥһ죬һ㣬ͷϷĲӵİôȻ࣬ôһ죬Ǹ¿ɰŮͱӣôܲ
ȥҿ˿࣬˯ǰˣ˯ŵǣӦͦĵġ
ȴ̫ǰҪȥġ˽⣬Ȼƽ´⣬ȴһзִģҪȥ϶ǻ˵һģֱӴŰȥǰСһָʹġ
ŮɣЩͷۣӺȫ෴ѩɰŻһ˿˼ӰɣǸһϱߡ˵е㻢ӴĲˣҪһۿסԸȥ⻹㣬Ϊץס㣬Ҫֱ˺ȥˣ嶼֪լȻйǸСѾͷˡ
ÿСѾͷ˻ֻҪ˫ˮ޹۾㣬ʲô̲סˣʵǳ̫ɰˡ
ʵأСѾͷжߣһֳˡСǱޣϲǰЩСľµذףһ׽ټıģͣƵģıС˼ʮģץܵʱץľһһҲ֪ôץġ֮ǰ˵ԼҪһŮأҪѧ䣬Ϊ˺һǶʱһ˵ҪѧҪԼûоùӦ
ʱͷϣȻҲȥ̨˰ķϾ׻ǴŰȥˣȷ÷
ȴ԰תһ·עô첻˵ҪѾͷѰʦҵˣȥ
ȵô죿һΪҪٵЩأһʼȷǲ޳ɰôСһŮȥѧģѧ϶ۣҲ밢࣬ǰʵڲýһСС˼ÿ쾫ʵ̫ˣʱʱһʵڰס취ˡ
룬ðѧɣһǿ壬ҲãԺСѾͷԼ͵ȥҲеԱ֮Ű͵ģ˳ӦѧҲǼһˡ
ŮðСѾͷܺãʵֵĿԲ
嵱⺣һ꣬͢ɳһ֧ӳ֮ǰһ֧ӣģй֮޲ҲвٵĴӳʻ⣬Ǳ屻⺣̼ģҲѰһݻ
һ֮ĵ꣬Ҳǽƽ꣬͢Ĵӻˣ˸ֹûеֲ֮⻹ںⷢһǻƽͭƽҲ˵˵ͭ󣬶Ѿ㹻˾ϲˣһһСϣǳ
⼸ĵһ±Ǹ±߹ؾӵľҲѾˣЩʵһʷݵ֮ϲ
ڴΧ˸ֺ˲⣬ʵǻСģֻһֱܾˮˮôһֱĦȻҲûУǱЩ˲ǰʱʱ͵ϮЩСĦǺԲƵġ
֮ǰѰ߲ƹ󣬹ǴѾԶЩСˣ˵֮ǰˮࡢ֣֮ЩСΣпǰ´һˣԱЩҪϧһдشܡ
ЩöԲߵʱ򣬴Ѿһδģľ£ھָЩҹݵо£Ѿӽˮ׼ġڣϰټ߹صĸ֧ȫ䱸ǰеĻ|ҩһоҲֶ˲ٰ汾
Щ֮⣬Ϊ֮ǰ߲ĳ֣߹ؽʿʳǲȱˣ£ʿǵľòЩСľӿɱȵģ
£ܾһδı˸ʹǰڴıϣʿǺЩһһǳЩҲһտ֮أչʾЩʹڿһ
ȻδıҲģĿľСչһ´ܵĹǶԴһ֪Ҫ쿪ҪͨϾܣսڵĺƽĿȻǴﵽˣ壬֮ǰЩС˼ѹȥϾھδıƷǰǳԵ֪ȻѾһȻˣִֿ¾Ҫǰˡ
Ҳˣ߹ػָ˰ѵõĺƽʱڣССֶʧϾڴܵľ֮ʢǸ֪ǻ벻ȥڴܱ߹£²ø˴һĽˡľ£ƽʱڹҪʮˡ
ʱ򣬱߹ؿɲҪˣСС͵׳־ҪƲˣϾû̿ԴôƾսϽأ԰СѾͷϰҲעֻܵǿͱȫˣԺҪ뵱һǿŮǿԿǰ岻ȷš
ҵʦ۵ĽʿǰǾ˾ֽµģǸƫܲұˣòȻҲͲܴھˣͱƼʦôǽ̰Сǹˡ
ҲתעȥʦԺѧˣ˽һ´ŲŷģȥǱ֮󣬰Ȼͷһˡ
Ҳʱʱʰشȥľ


189 ׸֮λ   Ҳ֪ڷ
Ҳ֪ڷԼѾڡ˼, ҲǷˣԾʼĩ˵Ҳûϵǰʵʵ˵ˡ
Ȱ˵, ҲôһˡԭһʼҪȥͬ, ֧أϰͯ, ͱܹİˡȻ꣬Ҳ֪ʲô, ȻҲһȥġ
ǴǱߵĿ̨ʵ̫, , , Űȥ³ʲô顣ɰԸû, ΪȻӻЩӴúܣǳѩɰѽ, ССһ˶ȴ֪Լ, ƽûٶŵʹ, ˵ǰСѾͷǼֻܵ, ͷֵס, 簮õֳôֵܵùأ
û, ͱŪκ, һӾʹӦ, ͬȥΪƽŰ߶ΧһȦ͸ֵģʲô˸ţʮֲ, ȥߵû취ǴӦˡ
ֻǰҲ³ʲô飬ĵûȥ³򣬶Ϸ̨һ۲ŰࡣһһҲûгʲô飬簲湻˵ôؼȥȻʢŭеķǾˡ˼ˡ
Űαˣֻ´ΣǰҲ򲻿ɾʹЭ˲ʵˣҪȥҲ˵һΣǺĸ˵£϶ǲǳȥģ˵಻ԸΧչˣĵڰŲҲһ³ç
Ҳ岻ΰǰȻڸѾˣô˵Ҳʮ꣬ӹǻûȫſϱܹеģҪЩӵмңζԵϣҪ˵̻Ҫеġ
ʱҲ֪ԼΪЩ³çˣЩ𣬸屣֤Ժ󲻻ôʵؾʹóȥȻԾؼ˼ȥˡ
ʵ̫æˣԸֻ˵һỰҪ鷿ˡ£ѹؼĴϾڳ͢ʵ̫ˡ
Ѿ׸ˣԭȥ괺׸ˡ׸Ӧû׸λٴ꣬׸岻!ǰ궬ʱ׸ѾЩ⣬ȻһСϣңȵ˴֮ˣǶʱڸֺܶ࣬鶼׸еȣǾ۲ˡ
ʱ׸ҲʶԼǳˣȻ̫ҽóĽҪػôȥ¾͸Σˡ׸˰£ھˡҲ֪θƴ󣬲ŻԲѷٳǰҲЩһֱҵҵһֱĹһֱ׸ġһνˣĸˡ
Ϊԭ򣬾ôҲڹٳϴ೤ʱˣڻһֱռ׸֮λȻΪ徭٣µʱϳҲʣ¶ˣھ͵ϵˣñһֱս׸֮λ֮󲻹Ǳ»Ҳסһġ
ߣ׸Լӵʵڲǽ˹ٳ׸ԼʹľƣǵҪְԺҲᱻԵҲʣȻ󻹺пΪβµڻңǸסԼ
׸֮ǰȫԼŮڣһŮ޸ĸͺǾˣԺ׸ˣҲæտϵӵܵġأȻһ;֮ţԲѷȻǰ׸͵ʱ׸κ޶ʱκһҲΪԽ̫ɵƳǣųȥ
Щ꣬ڵѾ㹻ˣҲ˽ڸʸˡֻڸĳԱǹ̶ģһܲһӣҪڸ󣬾ͱ˴ڸȥȻֻܵš׸ôʹشˣò˵ҲһֵԭΪԼѧŮġ
׸һˣ嵱Ȼǵ֮׸֮λѡˣʱǰθʱͬʱϳСҲû˸һ䣬˳ؽ׸֮λ
ΪӺѰļ߹ظ֧Ӷ˾Щ߹Ҳǰһȱʿÿþö˿ۣԶᰲûµۿǰŷּֽᰲ׾˾ˣ߹صľӾ൱ȫᰲС
ʵۺͳ֮ĹϵǴ˳ģȻ޷Ҳ֣ǿǿһǿһȻˣᰲʵ˶ĴȨʱЩȻҲ͹˳ˣᰲ׼ʼĸĸȻҲͺ˳ؿʼˣûĸ󳼸ֹġ


190    ͻʵ
ͻʵĸĸ, һǴӽʼǲˣ崩Խ֮ǰҲǵ˰˼ҷչſʼ, Ȼǰǿʢ, ǹŴûйҵ, ǵ˵㣬Ǹ, 󾭹̶, ѹꡣ
ĳ, Ҳֻͨײյĺӿֺ, ֻ˵Ѿ㹻, ͯȻҲӦĴʩ֧Ķѧϰĺ, һ˵ʱ㹻ѧĳֺͼ򵥵ġ
һ˵, شġͨ, ںʱǴĵ, ǲ, Ůӵĵλ, ŮӵĵλͱŮƽȵ, Ժ׵شﵽһĿġ
ȻЩӵһҲǵĸĸ, ܹ븸ĸദĹУѾĹнӴŮƽȵʶ, ڸĸԭпܻᱻͬڵŮƽȵĹɲô˵ƽȵĸǵ˺ۼֻҪֽܼС
֮ǰҲ˵ǽĻŮӺкһӵжֵȨҲ㽨ŮУǾŮһ飬ֻһʼһѡ
ΪŮܹѧ飬ڸֳ֮һţžֱӽСڵʱÿְǵѲ飬һҵŮӱĸڼȥģֻҪһ֣Ҫӡ
Ӷڰ˵һСĿΪⲻһСĿʹ˼ɣҽŮڼΪ˰æһͰǶȨΪŮӸ˳ض飬ڼùһ㣬廹һļҲһ֮ҲһʣȻʵۺͻʺҲԼ˽⣬Ͷ˲ӣרÿ¸ѧŮһĵĲ
˵ǸŮӵģʵϾǸǸĸģϾѧͶСõصҲǽ˵ˡأһΪֻŮȥѧ죬һֱѧһֱ죬ЩĸҪҪֻаŮȥѧһѡ
Щĸýָͷ֪ôѡŮڼæɻôҲ׬һİϾʱһ׳һ³ȥ׬һҲһǧĶѾǲˣһԱȣŮȥѧһ㡣
ЩŮģŮԽ࣬ʱԽռˣһŮһģֻҪ༸ŮȥѧЩʡһ㣬͹һһ³ԺȲˡһʱ֮䣬ŮӤΪʧҼҶ޲öŮá
ᰲʵۻӦЩĸҲж෽Ҫصĵµġ
ᰲʺԵۺķ޸ܺãǰʺᰲһμʱ򣬱ڵƻϣʺѹһӣ˵Ӯ˻ƣ֤ŮӲǲСΪʱ̫ӵᰲʺ̵ӡ󣬺ŻѡʺΪ̫Ҳ˵ᰲﲢͬŮ޲űǵµ˵ҲȻ޳ʱŮҲһġ
οԵδӹڻȢǰദʱıǵĸףѵŮӶʶֺ㻹̵˺ĸ׶ʶ֣֪Щӿеġ֪ˡԺȻҲ֮ӰǵĺӣԺȻҲǸԴгɲš
ҲᰲȿʼˣµӲƶʼʶˣŮӴֲʶôһ£Ժ֮䲻Ǹûйͬһ°յضǻ¶ˣò˳⣬϶ҪйһʱҲһЩڴܵΰб
ȻԼҲԵ˼ЩŮΪֲʶֱһֱһŮԷΪĴͳ˼Ⱦ˼֮󣬱ίҲ˵ΪӦģϾӼ˿ʼĸױ̵Ҫ˳ɷ˼Ժ趼ɷϡŮӣΪЩһӵίЩŮǴСܵһЩ̵ԺҲ֪µĻˡ
ǴȥҲǽƽʮĴĩʼʵʩģнѧҲһ󹤳̣ôһȺʽѧʱѾ죬ҲøѧײˣҲǴˡ
ӽ£񴫴ﶼģĸȻҲ߷չΪѸ٣ʡأȻ࣬ھߵĺӶѾѧʱصѧỹڽ֮УǵñȾһˡ
Ҳʵһ󹤳̣⼸ܵĹ쳣ӯ˲ңΪλ׸ԹĲȻΪˣŹ֧һĸҲʱ
ڣĸﱻҪȥһˣֻҲ˸ͷѣʡЩƫƧ֮أʱѧᶼ˸ͷأҲãҲһ͵ģԴ˺ġ
ȻǾʵʩڸ³֮󣬽ȥ׸ҲֶѣҲæˣΪ֮⣬ڴ׼ʵһҵôȰѡݷɴ͡
ԼȻѧѧѧϵ󰡣ҲͶõƤëѣοΪ׸Ҫ񣬾͸ûʱݼǵǳ֪ʶֱһˣ»ǵýЩⷽܵȥ


191 ѧ   ʱʿụ̃
ʱ, ʿụ̃ĵλ˲࣬ʵ㲻ø, Ȼλ, вͱȽϲ, һЩǰʱȷˡøҵ涨, оЩ츳ĺ, ҲǱ˵ҵ, ƾٶܲμӡ
Ҫڴʵһҵ, ȾҪſ˼ϵļ
ЩĵλһӵĿռ, ǵܶҲһҪľٴ롣֮ǰƽҪı鹣ͷأֻͨƾһ;ǲ˵츳㶼ڶ, ţ˵а˹̹ţ
һȰ֮, ᰲʵ۾ּ, ȥƾ֮ϵĶ츳, Եĳ˵, һ, ƾ;, ҲܷһƷ֥ٸǡһ, Ҳܰ͢áӢžС
ǰԼڻǵõЩִ֪ʶȫĬɲᡣܾǼǵþִĳѧ֪ʶһ仰, 絽ʲôҪ˲Ҳܼǵһۣһһϵ
ЩҲǼϣܵˣϣܹڴʵֹҵϽҵĵ·
Ȼɲ֮ҲδЩ֪ʶΪУǵҷֹһ±ͬ췽ҹ̸һɬѶĶڽĶԺǸ±Ҳһóжʧˣźѡ
ֵһǣΪһǰҵ𽺣ֻƷͳֵһıгֳˡгֳּ򵥵ĳйߣʱĶ˵ʲôѵ飬ֻҪĹ˵һ˵΢оһܿŪŵģˡ
ѾƳɵĳ̥Ϊʱ˳һֱûѰ𽺣ҲйҲҸˣһǰԴѰ𽺣˰гֳˣʱ³ϰ˵ʵһ飬ʱѾۣв˶ԤᰲʵҲ˴֣ʺ˻̫ӣһһгûñѧˡ
Ǹ漰Ķܶ࣬屾ƵʱѧǸѧйصģ˽ֻƤëǺôҲ˽һЩԭ˵ǿ԰еĶתɻеһԶеЩܡһϵлʣ廹Ǽǵһġ
Щ֪ʶţֻܹһʱ⡣Щѧ֪ʶҲ֪һЩģϾȻѧǻѧǶҲһϲͨģôЩ֪ʶǶһģ˵绹类оأ
˵Щᰲʵ۱廹Ҫġǰ嵣ʦʱ򣬾ڽѧ֮࣬Сʵ飬ᰲҲȫһһʵƾСʵ飬ɹҴһӹⱻκġʦıȤνŨ
͵ķ쳣ģ˭ֻҪɹ̼ӹٽ˽ȥ
ֻͨƾ;Ȼܽ빤ֻҪܷܽȥʵںջϾ빤㵱һС٣ƷҲǲ͵ģϾǾǡΪּ⣬һֱ֮ͶоС
Ȼ֮ǰǱϣ¼µЩ֪ʶÿһıӴϵԳһѧƣи̺һʱ֮䣬в־ڿƾ٣ЩƫŸȤ˿ʼо֪ʶƾǲϵɹһϵǺˡ
ΪЩÿ춼æúܣԸ֮ĽͱǰЩҲʮˣСʱҪͷһ̲ͣضˣҲҪһԼĿռ䣬Ҳûʲô
ҲȻûʧȻżͬһȥСǴûеģΪ㣬һ³˰֮ԹӼķӶֻۣҪѧҵϲķҲһֻ۱һֻˡ
һ꣬ȰʮʱͻȻѧҪҪȥ֮һߡҲܼ򵥣ӳڣûгǡ鲻·һֱھǣ񲻾ͳ˸СʱĹеֻľ֮ˣ
ԣ͵żһ·ȥΣǸʱʮ꣬Ҳ볯ΪٵͣЩҲĽ齻δɵǻʵ۾˾ЩҲܷҰԼҲô˳ΪȥһڹӼӿɲˡ
ڰҪûзԵ˼ڸǶ׼֮ǰҲһʱȥѧʶһ´ܸصķ飬ڰҪԼˣλᷴԡ


192 ʫ츳       ˵ˡ
˵֮, ȻЩİеİȫǶѧ뷨޳ɵġС⾩ǳһֱҲûгȥ, Ҫȥ뷨, ϾԼŮĸʱ򣬶Ҫˮ뷨
Ȼ˵Ҫᳵ, ̫ˣҪһ˵·뷨, ǷԴ˸, еʱҲרŴгĻ, ǵ·ͽɽ
Ȼʦѧȭ, ǵֻ򵥷ģҪйķͽ, ʱ϶ǻΣյġ
˼ҪȥѰʦŰ·ǵľһЩ·Ҳչһ°
뷨, ϾоǿˣһӦбϵġ
ΪеĻʵۻʺ̫԰ǳ۰, Ҫǳȥѧ϶Ҫȥ˵һ, , Ͼһȥһ, ȻмĻ, ǵײǰĺá
ʹЩ, Сʱ, ôƵؽˣϾŮ죬ÿʮȥһεġ͸ɴʮĻ, صȥ˵һ
Ȱתͷᰲʵ۾˾˾͸ǴӰﲦģû˵ˣбضǰȫġ
ԪԭȥʦҲûдˣϾǳڣҰľʮַḻҲҵרˣôһϰһҲˣҲ࣬Ҳûоܾ
±ˣֻȻˣϵġ񡱿ɲ٣ǸͷţһѮдһΣȻСϵֻûȴҲҪԼҲдʱһ㣬ˣÿһѮһ⣬һ¾Ǿŷˡ
֮⣬̫ҲҪдţʵۻʺǲ÷ֿдһУǸ̫ӱܣǸСѾͷһҲҪдŸ
԰һ¹żҪдʮ⣬Ȼ˵ǡڰȴǸ֮µģһҲ೤ʱ䣬ʮⶥҲһʱдˡ
ߺ󣬵ȷߵʱ˵ÿдŻģҲ֪һ·ϰѧҲ֪ߵˡ
ѧ֮Ķ԰ľʲôɣһһؼÿһȥһЩҳʺеı;֮ʫˡ
忴˷Ͱ֮󣬷ְÿдʫһأϲƼϸصʫҲǲͬģôһ㣬СǸһдһʫҲǡ߲˰ɣ
ʫҲǿƾе֮һʿӶģʫˮƽãеġʫһ;㲻ϾͨȻƿʱ򷢻ӵʵڲ֮µʫǶٵҲãƽʫˮƽڴܵĶ֮УҲ϶ѣҲܱȹ˳ɵˣļǱʫϲٵġ
Щʫֻһۿȥͱޣʫˮ׼ǰڿƿ֮Уէӿ֮ʱдµʫˮƽҪһЩ˶ԣ֪ʫһ츳ˣʮѡ
ʱҲЩΣڰӼ֮ȷǶ԰ĹעЩˣȻƽﰲҲһЩԼѧҵϵ⣬ǹʫϵȴδ̹
ôһ룬Сдʫ츳ƽʫʱӦ֣ҲȻòʫˣȻҲᵽŷְдʫһϵ츳
뵽⣬彫ЩżϵʫܳȻִѰʱȥӼ࣬Ӱ￴ܲõƽսѧʱЩָ壬ʱȼЩԸʫɲԼ
еĻʵۻʺ̫ǱΪÿεʫǴҶһأû뵽ÿдȻǲͬģҲǾˡ
ᰲ˾˻û뵽ʫ츳˵ǻлܳһʫأ
·ÿһбŷɽˮ֮£Ҳдʫеʱһܻӱдʮ 
СһȲƳˣټĲɰˣʫϸű˵Ļѣǽʶ˲ˣ֮Щԭһֱδǲʮİʵǲɶõ飬ѧǲС
С
˴ղ֪λѡڸ֮Уᰲʵѯʵ
Ϊ֮ǰĸ͢²ӵʡأڽѧỹճ֧û䵽ʵдȶˣ߻ʵԶЩֽ̰۵ĹԱϷһѣæڣһʱеʵԷֱʵôˡ


193 ¿״Ԫ       Ҳˣ͢⡭
Ҳ, ͢Ҫһղ氵Ѱãֻѡ̫ȷΪЩԱȻ̰, ϶˰ڵġ
ϢȻǳƵͨ, ǳ͢ɸһƷƷĴȥǱ߿϶ܿյϢ, Ͼ͢ߴ󳼷еյģϷ紵ݶͱЩ˶, ˴θĸķ͹, ¹ش, Ȼǲܾôݾߵġ
, һ顣ʱľǴθ⵹Щϡ, ΪǴθʮʵӲв̤һҲʱ, ɷϵǣܽڸĴ, , ϶ˢӵ, С
ǰ䵫˵޷ᰲתͷǴθ
Ǵθǰ˵, ΪղǰһӵΡǡӳ, ξ, Ϊ, ԣȥȻҲⶢŵģǳ, Ϊ飬̽ΪʵΪղ찵ã϶֪ġ
ǴθȷǾÿһںԺ֮󣬴ŵģֻŻھǡ⼸ٸλëͷСӣ˭רŶε·أǴθԣղȷʧΪһð취
һ˼Ҳô˾ٿУ֮ǰȻҲİ취ôһȣȷǴθһЩȻˣȻֵ֧ġ
ļλθҲûзԣ֮ǰΪ˴˲ʱ䣬Ҳǽȼü֮ˡ
ᰲʵۼڸ˶Դ˾û˰̣ȻˣǰԡѡݶΪ״Ԫۺ̽˰ɣʱǱ·Ҳһ㡣
ǼǷ˾סջ;ѱ䣬Щ̰۵ĹԱţͲصˣһ·Ȼǻ˰жǵģһʲôԾὫѺء
ð嶨Ǵθһʵϴ˴ǴθһΪ˴룬˾ãһǳԼ˽ˣΪ˴еİֶӡ
Լ˳ɻ꣬һֱδãǱҲһֱδϣ˿ɼ˵ˡ㣬ֻйһ·ˣֶӣ֮ǰֵù̸ѡȻҪΪ·ġ
嵹ǲ֪ⷬԵʲǴθ飬֪Ҳ⣬Ͼ˶˽ĵģʦδθҲΪı𣿾Ͳףʱδθ
Ϊ˴αѡе֮е״ԪˣΪ״ԪһԨԴ
˵ҲЩ
귽ʮһƾٵ״ԪҲ˵״Ԫʱʮ֮꣬嵱껹Сһ꣬ȻδԪ֮٣ɼʵǲˡ
ҲΪ㣬֮ǰ״Ԫνֺв˼ĻһҪŮ˼ôһͨȷǿԳƵ֮ˡ
ֻʵϣҲǺĵģԭġ
ʮһ֮ǰһֱһʱֻǵСʱǱ֣Ȼŵѣ·ϵﲡֻʣһһسǡ
Ǹʱʮ꣬ѾˣԾǸкӣҲԸġȥسǣȻӤԺ̫ȻҲǲյģҾӤԺԸ⣬ԴҲôΪȻꡣ
תʮ꣬س˵θ˵ľѧԺҲȥ顣
꣬ϦȴҲֵ֪Ҫԣǰûֵʱ򣬴ȥ˽Ӷģҫ˵˼ͿԵﵱ˷ˣʱһںӶĽȻҲ
ʱһѧԺ˽Ƕ飬ҲҪȥģǲҲҪȥҲѾϵһٶˣƽʱֵʱ˼ҵģ˵ϣ˼Ҳܸͨһ¡
ǵȥ˲ŷ֣˼ҸݣֻҪԸܽȥ飬ѧԺĹ»æ˻⣬֮һֱѧԺסֹ¶ÿ»һĲ
ʱ˵Ƕͬ죬֪һж˵ĹͺǷҪúö֣ȡԺܿóɼȻ˵Ĺǵ£Ŭְߵĸλã׿˵һлر˵Ķ顣
ЩǺ׿ڸģҲȷܴиܵ껹ǸСӵġȻδɣڳΪܵ¿״ԪԺͬΪ٣Ҳһϲˡ
˵ӣ崩Խ֮󣬸ԡ֪ͯˡ
ʮлѧѧԺ飬ɰ꣬㽫еֶʶˣȻйĿֻܣѸո¶ͷǡ
ǰ˵ˣѧԺȻֻǵЩӶ֣Ϊ˿ƾ٣ڵȻҲ徭ˡ
츳ĺӣȻˣϿƾ֮·͸ˡ
֮õѧԺȫҲ֪ԼѧԺһͯģȻǲûԺǷĵΪһλӡ
ڷ֮Ҳʮ꣬³ԣɹõŹȻǲμԣȻԡԣΪ״Ԫ
ʮ굽ʮܹ꣬˵Ҳ꣬ȴһɳһ¿״Ԫ˵Ȼ˲ţȴȷȷʵʵطˣôһò˸пԭͯġ
ʱҲԼڷǸسһѧԺȻһҪɳˣ
ӣҲظ壬ôͶôӣڴܸؽѧԺĲ֮ȷʵǸıຢӵˡ


194    ƽʮ꣬ת۾͹
ƽʮ, ת۾͹ʮꡣ
ʮз˲飬̫ްˣֺšТʡ, һ߳Ӱʦδθ, Ҳȥˣ֮ʦˤ裻Сչ峤ĺ, ҲʱȥˣʵǸˡ
ڸ֮ڵĴθ, ʮ, ˵, ȥȥ, Ҳµڸȱ׸ѧŮ, ҲЩϵĽҲڸֻǽʱ򺡹ǣ׼, ϾҲˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ܷ޴ı仯, ƻȥ, 涼֮ǰͬնġ
ɴǰͱ˳, ʱһ䶯
Ҳ˸㶮, ɹˮΪʵ, , Ϊ֪ؼĲ˿, 񰮵һʧǧβҵؼϡ
ѶҲ࣬Ѱٿ֮󣬵ڽҲ˳, ֻоֻõѣͶʹûкԶľ룬ŴҵоõƽռҲ飬֮϶ܼһ졣
ЩΪ͢Էߴν̨רȨһɷר䷢֮ʢһʱ嵱ܽǱӣֻҪʶ֣һ
ΪǱݵɣҲò־֮ʿͶոѿĽѧУϵҲͣѧƣѧҲһӰӳ֣ʱգչ׳Ϊһϵֽѧĳβ⡣
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ЩѧԺһЩִĺӣһ˼кܴͬҲΪעʵѪҺ
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ڣʮ仯ŮӸļ޻ֱŮ׸ѾܳˣҲûи˰лģϾų֧֡͢
ŸַԽԽ࣬ȻһЩķеִӰӣǶڰյ˵ҲȷȷʵʵеáڴҲؿ˸ǴλŮҲ߳ţ׬ǮҲеٶ٣ǵĵλҲȻˡ
ϾڰУĸʶֵԽԽ࣬ǰЩŮԷΪ˵ȻûȫҲ˲٣ʱ򣬴ʱ򣬼˭׬Ӷ࣬˭ȻӲӵ˻Ȩ
Ů˼Ѿ࣬ΪпĽǶϽһŮԲҲ׬ӣȻͲǰǮˣΪ׬ǮǰڼҲӲ
ȻЩ̣ȴʵһЩڤ粻˵ֻ򵥵ĵ˵ǣȵһžͲôˣǸʱѾֹ˺üʮ꣬ܵı仯϶ڶ࣬ŮҲܴһƬ
Ȼˣũҵǹ֮ʮܷչ죬ȻۿɼطٷչһƬ٣ǻǲȵģũҵ͸Ҫǣһȫӵ»ٵĸҵʱ͢ũҵĲҲӴ࣬еĵطǲֵʳȻҲΪסũ
ЩӣǿЩ˰գЩ˱רȨҲҪһӸģԾ֧ܳ࣬͢ǹɷӯ
ʱŷھһȪɽׯСסã֮ͤе㡣պõʮֻ֪֮꣬Ϊעôϣܼ߰˷ʱӰӡ
ֻǵͣվǱȲʱǿ׳Ϊ׸ÿ츨ű´񣬵ЩƣˣŻ壬͵øУŷ⴦ȪɽׯСסգúϢһ¡
ȻЩͷ˷Ϊ˶ӡ
֪ǵĽʲô⣬Сʱ򻹺ãڴˣһһʡġ
ѧŻȻ˳ƾͲμԣȻһ·˵ԣѧ·и˲٣ֻ˶ϵΣȻηѫ֮˲Ŀˡ
ȿƿ꣬ܳȥѧֱӾǹҪɽˮˣ˼ʿںԺţ˾ǵܣҲҿʥ׾˾ˣڴ˵оλ;볯ˣͲҪЩͨʿһҪſƾ;ȻҲû˵
ڰɽˮ󣬻ʵʵ˹ְʼϰîˣȻôꡣ꣬Ҳ֪ˣӸȫȻСӱǴӱѧһϣʱճΪһʫĴҲ⣬ɶٳҪʵʵһɢСû⣬Ҫ翿Լľλأ
ǰЩӣȻܹ˵ڳ٣ٳ̫û˼ˣȥɽˮ˼է⻰嵱ʱðһͷòСڹٳϵǸһϲͨԼװİɣΪ˵ں˳˺óȥɽˮϾһСϻ۵ܲڹٳɶϰ
ֻͷҲֻǷһ룬ϾģСһ־ڹٳģôҲǿѹΪٰ
֮Уžλڳʵȱ˲లôһҲϡ档ҲһҪǿԼгϢķ⽨ҳοϱоλôܶҲǽǿٳҲû˼
ҵʥǰ׾˾ˣһ̫Ҳǰ϶Ĵܣϵǳãǰʱûٴ棬δٳǵģôλȥȻҲõĲڹٳʵȨԺᱻ۸
ôһ屾ôӦҪȥ뷨ģֻǹؼ°ѰǸСѾͷע⵽ˣСѾͷҪŸһȥ
ڲʮ꣬ΪͷҪ꣬һֱû˵˼ңʮŮӵĵλһֱʵڽ갲ʮ껹ûгɻ飬ⴿС۹ߣһֱӦ࿴һֱϵڣͷܲסֲܸȢһϲģֻȥˡ
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ǵģԴӳ֪֮߹սŮƲ󣬰һŮȥȥȻЩ갢һֱźüʦѧ䣬зսľ˾ֽ;ĸн˵Խ̵Ϲǲһ㣬ǵͲζܷȥ
´Ӧ˰󣬰СѾͷֱӷҪһųȥˣֻȶȰ磬ٴӦȥҪ
ֻ߶徲Ҳ㲻˼죬Ϊ׸һȥϢô죬Ѿæ͵ˡ
֪̾ڶٴĵ㡰ݡͷҪˣҲԺͷ񰲸ǸСһڵȥɽˮȥôʮʱѧ˿Ȼ߹ĵط࣬ҲǼʶġ
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ᰲƽ㲻ǲ֪ѾͷĹϴλüԵأҵʱûǷˮǾþ˾˵洫ģȥ˭۸˵һЩ˸ء
ԭҲֻһϣϵҲӦӣûţڱ¶Ӹ㶨ˣ˵Ҳֻɿˡ
ȥ֮ԼӦˣʹһЩûбֳԵ˷ܳСѾͷͲһˣ޲ʰϽȥ
ģ룬֪ԼٹܴӹٳȻŷһɽˮĽ̵üӽԼλúԼͿԷ³͢飬ɽˮˣҲϢϢˡ
ԴԽ֮ʮ뺲֣ѾʮˣЩһֱڸĸѾˣĸӲһ͵ģ滹ʱ߻ʮʱڸĸ֮ϣ̫ˣʣµ飬û·ߣҲܼסЩִ֪ʶҲͿˣ͵ź߸ǵƤëˡ
ѡеļߣԶǵһѡȻҪǣ־һУǴ彨ѧԺˣȻѧ徭߿ƾһ;ѧѧЩҲѧȻҲ֪ߵʲô
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