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 1 


εƮżưƣ˿̫𽥷۾Ѿֱˡ
իԵļ껱ïܶߴγһȻķɹȻգȴıիʮˬ
ĪĺӶ࣬իרŸϿεĵطƣԼ鰸ǰʱͣ˵
֪͵ʱ䣬һ뿪Ҳˡ
ĪմΪͻȻ뵽һ״ʣͼʼʱд
д𾢣ͻȻıʱ˳ȥˣ̧ͷԷëϸ꣬鶯͸⣺磬
ĪС뿴ëʣտӱҲûʲôëʸõǺľΪǶһϵȻɫûŪĻӦǼصʣ֮ǰ￴
ճѧϰƽʱͨëʣʲôʱ徹ȻôõëʸˣһŮðȻˣǾˡ
㻻ֻʰɣ֧Ժ͹ˡһ·Ȼ顣
ĪմǺ촽Ŀ沿ûжλøΪϰΪҲûţҵҵģҪԼ취
ĪС񣬲ԾغһѾͷ֪ôģС꣬ÿͦ˵ģתһ룬ʲô£ԼԼ
ҲңֻҪҪ϶ҵġʲصߣٸ
Īմû׼Ϊʮа˾Ųվߣܻ˵ȥȥԺϲٸһֻ
ĪС˼Լ鰸㣬׼ñĪմٺܿ죬ûע⣬׼
ҡĪСǰȥãĪմһ㣬ûץ
ڸĪմǵĪˮһǳɫȹͷϲһɫӣոոýһȥߵ·ϣý־ۻùȥͼø
ҶĪմקеëʣε˵ĪˮδԱߵĪС룬¶Цݣ磬ô¡
ĪСˣҵ˰֣Ավ˵㣬ĪմԹ˵ҼʲùһŮңŸûɶôȻϸҡ
Īˮ⻰Сϵüͷһ壬Īմǵ㣬ôõëʷ⣬ӲļֵΪβأԺдúã϶ĺá
ĪմǷ˸ۣĵȻñʲôϣҲ֪ʲôʱʼŴǱߡ
ĪСĪˮʾһ£Ȼǰȥ׼ȥĪմǳصģֱֱקŲ֣˾һֲʤĪСվһԾȥæмһŮûվȷ׷ײԴڵϡ
ĪСˣĪˮãáвѣ㺰
ԺԺڣĪпĵϣĪСͷվ棬һվĴϱ塣
ôĪȴδ
ûʲô£ῪҩʱȾͺˡ
ĪеͷѾ߸ȥץҩЩĪС룺˵ɣô¡
ԷԵһ룬Ѿ߾˵ˣεˣû취ֻͣе꣬ȥǿ
Īˮǿ꣬ĪմǵĿԺ
ĪС׼ãߵԱһίĸҶҪһֻëʣȻðȰ˵ãͳˡ
˵Īû˵֪̻ô룬״ֿ壬⣬ŵȻǲҵĺӣʱһҪ˵ʵΪֻʣȻ׽ֳҲ̫ˡ
ĪͣѾƣΪӹûɣ˵е㲻ͷγ˼⣺ˣһѵ
˵Ҳǣֻʱ̫СˣʱԼСҲͰˣֹ׸á
Ҫ֪һˣҪǰƽϣҳʲôˣڶӲͿʮֹذֳܵܡ
ĪմǴϤ̴¶żӴʱое㲻ʵѵͶ̥ǰҪȥٵĵطһ
Ҳ̫ʵ˰ɣϤĳƱͷů˿ʱѾС
СһֱڴߣۣոճüչͲӰĵվΪ࣬ĪҲˣһ
ĪմǱţ˹һͷˮǲǱʰѵͶ̥ǰ֮ǰҲҪһ
ѹͷɻϲɫ۲һС
Щ𣿡
ƨɶûȣЩ𣬺ʲôãҲԷڹء˵ţ΢»һ㣬ɿڴϣ۾գŨܵĽëϢգգأȫɣ·ǲڡ
ĪҪ˵Ļµ˵ؼ˼һǲҲ˵ʲôɡ
˵仰ҲϢĹû˵ԷûжĪеðƢشˣĸ˵̬ȡ
֧ˣ͸硱Ц⣬һݾܾ
ʲôʡȻǣǺ֪
ĪҲŸո˵֪ʲôʣ쿴ĪС룬ĪС̳֮ǰеˣֻʡ
⻰һĪմ۾
Ҳء
˼Ϊһ֧ʣֳӣȥ񻰡ĪбϾһȨеġ
ǣ滹Ǿ仰ԭĪմǲԼȻصʮʱ򣬶ӡҲ̡
ʱǴøʣðһʱˣĸĸƫģʶһ䣬ȻֱҪ֧͸
Ȼǲϵģ˵ֳؽá
ȥȷʵЦϾõëʣҲ亱е¡
ĸ˵ҵʱҪĸĶĪĻϾҪ£ĪСϽֲͣŵĻýʾˣʱҲڡ
ĪմߣԼʱ̫棬֪ԼһֱǴ󷿣ԼȻɵɵҪ֤˼δʱˡ
ҽйʲô鰡͸Ͽõʱø˵Ҫй
ĪС˼ˣã˵˵ûëʡ⻰ƶ϶ĪˮĴһ
Īˮߵ£˲δʲôϾ̫ˣֻԼףȲ㿴Żߡ
ĪմԹۣöԲߣֻǣô֮ǰһˡ
Сʫ飬ôء۾ڰ׷أСèëһ͸Ůа
ĸ˰ɣöΪ֤ˡĪСίĪеӡ
䣬ֻŮֲ˵𣺡ʱԽ˵㲻ʱҸĸĸƫģʱ㲻Ҳø
㣬ں˵ʲôĪС÷⼸˵ǿˮĽָŭʵʲôʱ˵⻰ȷʵû˵ȻٻҲʵҲ֪ĸӣڼ¹ƫУ˵Ǵ˼ҵ𣬵ʱ֪ˣʲô¶
Īһ뵽ո˵ӡ֤һ㣬ҲǺˣŭԼ۰Ĵӣû򶨣û˵ŮøǰҪǶʱܾ֧ȷʵܸ
Īմǿݵã־Լػʮʱ򣬱Ͼô˵ʱԴǵָ
ΪΡĪѹסеŭȽ
һʣ˵һʺ˭֪ǬүҲ֪ˣϸʺ󣬳޽Ů˫֧ʴ͸㡱
үʹ͵ĶȻͣ㲻һ󲻾֮ȫҶҪ꣬ǼҲⳤͨĲׯ̻Ŵٸ׹֮ǲҵ

 2 


˶ү͵ĶҲ
Ī˵ɫ֪Ϊëʼ»ΪڱԵʣ֮ѾŭգǰĪСǴû
ĪСҲŵˣ£ˮҲ֪ү͵ģҪ֪һٸӣҲңקĪеȹ޵ĸҲˣԺĲˡ
ĪмüͷԾغ£谮Ĵһ֮飻Լȥðɡ
С֪ˣҪ˰ɡһֱû˵Ĵӱ̲סˣø𣬶Ҷڼ̫̫ôôģȻҪãģ˿ô졣
ĪСҲί˵׸Լ˵飬Ҳ˵Լ飺ĸⲻǻûĸΣԺĲˡ
ĪûðɣĶȻ˵ֻʲôû޹ˣҪôһԺиһ֪ʲôء
û𣬸Ͻ˰ҹؽȥһѾߺѾϽ˼С˰ˡ
ұ족廹˵ЩʲôĪһֹˡ
ȻĪС봦ˣŮҲûǺúЪţˡ䶪¼ֱ㲻
Īմǻøոյһһðһ󵨵Ĳ²⣺ҲԼһˣ
Ȼ뷨ҲûʳϾºܷ˼ŪˣӦûᱻԴ˰ɡ
Īˮ̺Ѿ߶ȥֻʣ
㣬һе㲻𣿡۾⣬Цú𣬵õЬϴ
һĬĲ϶ʱѰƵر״
㣬Բ𣬸ոҲðĶ룬ûǸõǸ
û£ողҲ
Īˮֱ۳ڴϣͷ΢΢̧𣬹С죺Ĳ𣿡
ġ۾Īմ˵طǳ棬ý˻أô
Īˮ˵ؽһȻһֻ̧ܵһֻֽȦסҵһʵƣر۾˯
û뵽ôᷢԼϣ֮ǰֻص16꣬Ѿ˼֪ҪΪʵ鱻ĸˣͣظϹ
ϱ̫٣Ȱڴ󷿺򹷣³Ⱳһϴĸ棬ú㻰ػҡ
룬һᣬЩίǲƭ˵ģȻôƵָš
̫ˡĪմΣʲôʱôճˣһ꣬ŴʮûиԼͬˣβҪһ˯˯ʱУǴ죬˯һĺ
ŶôһѣŲ鲻ԸؽԼֽÿΪȣƵأ֮ǰûע⵽⡣
ֽŹ֮ĪմҲ˸׼˯ûãԼеһ£ǻûء
Ա˯ú𣬲볳ŵشЬȥû߼ڱ
Ȼƭңһ˯ˡ
˿ĪմҲúίתЦؿŴίС˵̣ȥţӶˡ
ĪˮԼɹȴϲЦտҲЬ֣㣬Ҳˣһ԰ɡʵҲˡ
СŰںãվһ̺ȴֹôһһǼҹôڣĪְǴ󷿵ĹҪ
׼ȥ£Ҫһȥ𣿡Īմǳ¿ӣСһڡ
û뿪ǵó꣬뵽ոһЩΪҲůůأҪǰǰ׽ٺòˣ̲ס׳֦
ðȥġŴȣ˵
ϸ£˵һһµĲˣæϹȥѧûǴĻʱߵˮ·ˣоգ֪е㵣ģȥ¸ƽ
ڶ磬ǾȥĪմǸģһ·ͣ˿ÿ춼Ľô໰ģԼ֪ܾûԷˡ
ôˡĪմ⿴ûеУôͣˡ
ǰ·ˣȥô¡˵
һǽһ飺ҲŲýҪƫšǳڣһЩסţͨսȥѾǼֲֵˡ
Īմʱһ˿ܿڸסˣĪˮһûзʲô
ǻҪȶáĪˮʵһǰв
⣬СҲ㲻׼ʱӦùˡ
ʱţģĪˮתͷĪմǵʵ㣬³߹ȥɡҲ쵽ˣ߹ȥÿ羰ء
ţáҲҪ˵
ΪܴŽȥֱС·ȥţУһִ첻׼ȥߵݣҵ⿪ŵĴĪմ׼̤ڣһݰݣˡ
ȥޡ
ţȽ㡱
ƾżҵéʱΪŵ飬һʱ·߲ˡ
ﲻߣ㻻·߰ɡһСס֮󣬲ŷߴ·ˡ
ߴˡ˵תȥû߼֣ǰ泤ȳһĨϤӰͣס˽ŲеңߵתǴĺһţĪմѾȷ˾ˣֻû뵽Ȼǰˡ
˵ҲǿЦȻˣȻ֪ԼôģҲ׼ˣⱲٸκνˡ
߹սǴ֮һӽȥˣԼҲ֪ΪʲôǸŮ˻㡣
ֻû׼Ȼڵһϵá
ǰʱһزֻصԼ20ʱҲܾ棬Īմһգôء
ȻţҲؽʵոռĪմʱʶ߿Լûܱɣ˶ǽϵġīͼĿᶨⱲһļңһ֣Ϊ檡
ĪմǾã⼸죬Ҹļˡ
ÿΣ͸þһ棬ߴ裬ò
ѧһȥĸš
һԼԺԣĪմǵﲻڼңԾ͹ĸһԷ쵹һˣ󷿵ĹĪʫ
һͬ¿εģôʫȵôáѾڲˣĪ±ʵ
ŶǻȥϢ˿ڲ衱Īˮ˵ú⣬·һ㶼û⡣
Īʫ΢ЦĺɻãΪβǰԼڣʵ⼸ͷˣֻû֮ͨ䷢ʲô𣬵̬ȱ֮졣
ĪմǸĪˮĵղΪ϶󣬱ϾǸ²ˣȻԷԵһ룬Ϳˡ
ĸԼʮҹȥءеԼǳһĻ̡
Īһ⣬۾ˣҼҴб£Ȼܵ롱
Īʫе㲻˼ǵĵȴûڸס׼Ƶ
ΪΰĪͣеĿӣһصؿôõ飬ҪƵ
Īʫüͷ˫գһ֮ӣĪȻҲˣֻ˵ȱʲô𣿡
ĸ˵ĪʫΪѵ˵ĸҷҵױƣûһسȥͷΡ
ĪմҲ֪׼ҪʲôˣĪˮĬĬ𳰷ЦݣҲȻġ
ôأҪҳӣĸ׸ʵģŮԱϾԼ˶ǳһˣĹǿ϶ĶϺõͷΡ
ĪʫҡҡͷһʱҲ򲻵ģõֲģҲզࡱ˵⣬ʲôˣͷ΢΢ƫרĳԷĪմǣãҼǵ㲻иˮܲܰһá
ܡĪմǻûڣһֺ

 3 


ĪմǵˮճʱĪʽĲɻؽģõǽӣ⵹ûʲôϡ棬صǣӵʦרŸεģ˵á
Īˮ˵ն˵ռ˵Ŀ⣬Īвãѵֲ裬˵ˣ֮䣬һΡ
ֶĪմ˵ǣ֪ǸʶĺӣὫˮʹһʹ
˵ļ趫Žء
ϱøĪʫĹϵܺãֲõľˮȥǴ֮ҲûˣԷûһǸûС
ĸˮƽﶼ᲻ôҪȥҴĸҪȥαΪҡǰǸίˣǿ͸֮󣬸÷ܡ
ҵĻҲ𣿡Īһϣһ죬ҲȫͣеĶ
ĸˣҾͲҪˡĪʫ־ĨĨᣬʵװģֻ֮ǰ˵ǽ趫ˣҪǸĪմǣ˶ӦԸոõһһž輫ˡ
ĪмŮᣬô£ǲŮˣҲףԼĶҪǵͷͬУеŭȰȰҲΪǺãǽüûиҲûеܵܣٶô޳ȥˣԺܵ۸ǵ˶ûУһҹϵãԺǴ粻
⻰Īմ˲ϰٱ飬ϱӶ޶ԣⱲӸǶ˵֮Աǣ
ûɶоĪˮͷŭȴѹȥˣϱ˵ǣǼҴδĺã侮ʯһûٸɡ
ĸ⻰ɾ˵ˣҵǴһһ֪ĸأھҪǶǣǸЦûƲ깵˼ֻڳסӣѾС̺򣬲ȫǶ
޷ˣûеĪԴһҧ
Ȼ⻰˵ȴҲе㣬ɷȥûǮȴϴ飬϶츳ȴɻ׬ӹ飬ϴϱ϶ҲȢ׵ͣȴûһӣûа취϶ȥ׬ӣãˣ϶ûһ
ĸʱžΣһӰ϶ţʹԼʲôûõʧȥ
˭϶ȻˣһԭʱǱһŮˣӣƥ⣬˻黹һŮǮ׬ԽԽ࣬صУѴӹ
ĸˣûûƤáĪʫıҪôĪоԼȨܵս˵Ͼô²̨ôܾء
ȥùţú÷㣬ҿǲ֪ʲô\"
Īˮ˿̻ǿţһ㶼ģͷĪմͻȻ۾һ˵ƾʲôùãѵ˵ˣǴ̰ỹǸмˣ
㣬ҵҪúһǺĸףô̵ģһӡõһ㣬Īоô˿Ѿˡ
ǣƣ̸֮ôֵֹˡ񣬾ȻҪ˵ĪմṴһߵǣʮֿһ˲ļơ
ǱˣھȥҹáĪоٶ˵һ仰ܿҪȥǶɷˡ
㣬ĸںˣһá
ôðڵϣ˫Ⱥܺش򿪡
ĪˮͻȻ˷ýȻΪĸֱۣͷʵ㣬Ϊҡ
ССĪմǿţص㿪ͷǣǿҪ𣬵ʱһÿ϶㣬˿ɾͲˡԼĵǺ˽ģȻеТҲӡ
Ŷ˵ûջ֣Լ־ĪմǼʧӣɵغЦĴָʳָʵôˣ
е㲻ġ
Ӵ룬⻹ͦѺ尡
ĪմϵûдڶĪʽĲɴӽϷ糾͸ϵ˳
ȥĸ￴ʰ߳ŻûԼŮ
ءǰһǻˣ͵ĸˣʱӰû
ܼ㣬˵ˣùء
ΪΣոջһЦĲܼҽµľһ飬꣬ĪʽɫҲˣͷֽĪеӡ
ĪϣŶϱԼӺǸˡ
үТ˳ÿγԶŶסԱߵӳ޵ĪҲġ
ʱͼϱ
ǣϵĶֱӡ
֪ӷʲôĴ󣬾Ȼ˫˫á
ԭᵽ⣬ĪҲǲˣһ˵Ҳæ⣬Ҫúý̵һˣ磬Ǵʰǽһˮʹһʹû뵽˽裬ײңҪǴȥǶûˡ
ĲˣһҾ֪ʲôʱ򲻽ԼĶ˽ˡ
ôҲײ𣿡ĪɫһϱǰһֱᣬĻӣôҲˡ
뵽ǸԼһ֪Ůﲻܣ֮ﻥǺ˵ˣûжӣԺǲҵǴ󷿼̳УѾͷ󷿴ùϵҲΪ
˭˵ԺҵĲׯҪĪС̳ˡһֱû˵ĪʽͻȻصƶڿЦ
˵ĪУĲҲˣɷôͻȻ뷨ȻҲġ
Īһ˲ԼǲΣǰֲûǴŮÿҪʲôʮֲԸӸϱĴβѵǣĻӡ
ɱͿ㲻С룬Ҫһ
£СĪʽ˵ǣӵ߳ȥ
ҪȥģûĪзƢ˾Ȼˣˡ
ǲûûͣ˲
϶һĪǣ˿ڲ裬ȻζԱߵĸҧһڣ̫ˡ
뻹̲׷ȥˡ
ϷˣȥģĪߵúܿ죬һСŸں档
ȻǺúýѵǻˡ
ĪʽżŮǣߵٶȺܿ죬ĪгδӰҲײ³ȥġ
СˣүˣȻϷ˷ǲ׼κ˿ţõүĹǮ

˿źܹɵعãһŷԼ
ĲɿԼŮס
Īմһޡ

 4 


Īˮ״ҲΧȥϽŮİοδĲɵˮֹͣɵյĴ
ļһͨ͸Ȼʮˣƽ˳Ҳ꣬һ˫Ŀһ
Īʽ۲ѣŮ߼һοްŮҲûʲô顱˵ָᡣ
Īմ˸Ͻͷǰ㿴Ҹãûʲô顱˵ǰһ˵һĶСʵҸöû
͡ĲɱЦˣ־ᣬŮһû䡣
ʵΪŮǹòſ޵ģǰ췭ˮһǰȫǵã뵽ɷ򱻴Ůٴܲ𣬲⻰϶˵ˡ
ǻȥ˵ɡĪʽѾɣҲûбҪͣˡ
Żṳ̂ͼĪظϹ
ŭû˿Σɨǰʵʲôʱͬ⽫ųһģȻĻҲǰɡ
ǲûзʲôͲ÷ǡǰĪʽһĸ׺úýѵŮڣǣҲ಻ˡ
ĪմǸĪˮضӣǵôô֣ǻ˼ڤһϣһǵΪڲǽͣȻ˵
𳤱ãⲻ÷Īһһ˵ʮ
⻰ɾ˵ˡĲûиոյɫֱͦ򦣬ٲȻʱʢ˵ļƣѵԼĶǴƵҪǴ
˵ϱֺ˵࣬һߵĶҲûվΪ˵˼
һǰ׼һƣĪմۼֿһߣĪһһͷ
þеͷΣͷĵϣһʱվ

̫̫
ĸ
һȺҲ֪Ū⸱أĪˤȥﻹдʣҲûʲôˣС˽ԺУ˴
Ĳɸɷ糾͸ϻؼңûüúЪЪͿôһҲۣȻصԺЪϢ·˳һ¡
ΪǵϱӻûйãǵˮΪˮԵʣ˴ŮŪˡ
Īմԭһƭǣոӣöһˣʵʵ˵ˡ
ĲɸĪʽţĵûʲô⣬ֻⰢˮػ㣬תĪˮûڡ
ڿʲôŮ˵ؾ죬ȻûʣҲΪڿֻҲܽ͡
ĪʽɻĪմҲǷǳ֣ôôôǣһʼŮڹÿܻ۰ǷųǳȻûǲˮĪʫ
˸˼صԺУϢһᣬϾĪǸʱˤģȥһ¡
̫֮ˣɫûȫ䰵ɫŰɫƲʣͼѤá
һȥĪУԵĪʽһȥʱѾˣֻб絽һĴ󷿡
ĪҶڴĪ죬վһԡ
ĪʽˣԼͬͣ½̸
磬ɩĪʽǰʺվ
ĪеûҲûĪҶһ£̾Ϣһʹļ˵ܣʲôʱѪΪһӣֵ⸱أﻹˡ
һˣô˽ƽϣСӲ£Ҳ
ǰĪʽȻͬĻֻǣǣ뵽ϱĬĬײЦݣ۾ֱĪҶ磬˵ôˡ
ôĵϾֱʳĿġ
ĪҶ֪Լôˣ񣬲Ծظܵһ⣬Һǰһˣ˵ûб䰡
ûʲô¡ǲ˵Ƥҩͺˡ
ĪʽͷĿƵĪҶĪУȻûп֪Էһ
Ȼû£ǾȻȥˡ˵ŲȶԷشʹŮ뿪
ߵԺ⣬Ľ
ʲô˼һТ
ôôࡱ
⻰Īմ͵͵ò׼ãûͣµ˼ֱǰߡ
ĪмԼĹŮһ춼ţҲû취¾ȥˡ
磬⻹һĲãի˰ķԸר֣ĪСٰĵ͵͵
ĪˮдһĪʫҲʱʱ棬ֻĪմǸСдš
һŮӵһѰȥҵĹѾߡ
£
ҼҹҪʫҪȥԸμء
ƺ뵽ʲôͷ˸ҸٹĪʫȥɡ
ĪʫͰͲסˣһվлл˵͸ҹһȥˣߵʱ̲סͷؿĪմǡ
ѹֽôԭҪȥԼңĪմ˼Īʽڳƥ⣬ڳڿ˼ֺţвģЩ̻еġ
һЩ֮䶼໥ʶģһطȦӾô󣬵Īմȴ˹ż⣬ԭ֪ǼûһжҵҪڴ󷿻УԶǼûнıҪ
ĪմԴ֪һ뷨ҲʶȤزҲΪԭĪˮȥŴ󷿡
ԸûĪմҲԤ֮е飬֪Īˮô롣
ˮ㻹ĪմָǰãСʵǰ󷿹ϵõʱЩȻĪʫĹϵҲһȥ
û°ĪˮѿڶĲ⣬ϱЩǽãҲΪ٣ûʲôȿĸҪʺϵĵطͲҪӲȥ
죬Īǲׯλ˲ùͣɫۣϻɶ칤ͨ͸ɫ壬üĿ㣬ΣֲСˡ

 5 


ƹôЩ˴򽻵Ȼܿǰλǵ֮
͹٣ʲôҪġ˵򲼵ģ󲿷Ůӣͨ˼ҿжҲ򣬿ĸ˼ңҪôǼŮҪôɸ˹ôĹӻǰ
ϰС˵
һôĿˣҲû˵Ҫʲô£˵Ӧþܾģƹ룬Ȼ֪ԷʲôˣһҲ²ճĪʽ
͹٣Ҿϰ壬֪ǰк£ƹոոйҪ򲼣ƽʱЩģǰƹ˶꣬ǸûзִˣνѸģһǰ͹ᣬͨȲǴҲͨ˼õģҲҵ
Щòùҿ
õĿ͹٣¥Īʽȥ¥ϵ᷿ڣַԸƹ˺ò衣
ԭдõģĪʽԾʧ񣬵ǶԷһڣһ¾ͽֱߵϡ
ĪʽţģҲǸ޵ֻǲ֪Ϊ򲼣飬룬ֻݵˣô꣬ûһԼ򲼵ġ
һƹһƥùǰЩӴӽѧģĿǰֻֽһ
渧һ£⻬ͼĪʽһϲˣҲʮϵصͷǺ¡
Ȼһ

һС߽һӣĪʽ̸˼䣬ֹȥһĪʽڽһ¡
̫̫Ҫ68ٳ⼸춼æϵ飬͹ٱְ
˵ܵĿҲͶڵϣʳָָĦ˵ȴһ
һ죿
ʲôĪʽһûзӦ꣬漴Ҳˣ˵³塱
ãʱһףء
ţĪʽ;ȵضǹˣԼ⣬żˣҪȥϺ٣ʹǵˣÿͣ⣬չǲ̫ˣҸո˶˵Ҳûĵ˽
಻ȻһȷʵͻˣΪҲ㺱Լο
ôǼ׸ȥˡһԵС˼״˵
Īʽʧɫף׸ˣǸǣ17ν֣20׸Ӣࣿ
վʱȶûôȣ˵ƽʱ̼ˣĴ٣ǵһμ׼񣬶Էȴֹˣض񣬴Ὣټùʱһȥ
ǣȥš
ⵤȷʵ⼸ƥϰɡȻֻǸڣֶҲ̫á
ãðƹãⵤС͸˵ġ
⵹ãǲðյһһߡ
˵˼뿪ˣһСö
лԭԼҴ˺棬˵ţ̲סʵˣҪȥ𡱴֮ǰСׯʱ;֣˺ʱϵǣڻҪԸ˼ĸ׹١
Ӧ˼ˣȻҪȥģùܼһʵš
ߺ˼ʱĪʽǾòʵ׸˼ƥҪȥĸף٣Ҳ̫˼ˡ
˼ȥǾøûȥһ¡
ôôȵĲɾÿ̫Ͼ¯ɷϽѰŽùһ¡
еҪ˼ˮڱϸȷ磬һˣոǴɩˣʱɩıӰӦǴȥġ
ûûСĲɲֱɷ۾
ĪʽԭʵģɵסĲеİŽȣȻʲôҲ˵Ƿ޺ʱйܡ
ʵҲĲɵһ˵ѣɷʣҲʵ̲סˣüͷ壺ɩ˵ǸͼǵĽһһ
Īʽɫһ䣺УܻǵϱҲ˵Ƕ͵ĶȴҪأʱ˿ЦԭǲôģҲͬˣ֪ܹȰҪŮһ٣˵ûмۣ˭֪һٻ쵱𴩣νѿ
ĲɿɷҲ;ܾˣҲͷɻ󣬼ǵϱԥʱɷᶨ˵һ¶£һˣŵġ
ڣôôϵؾܾ⵹ʡЩ࣬ôȰɷܾ
ô˵һµĻ֮ǰɩʱҲڣԷ⻰ʣ;ܾˣϱһϱûĻΪ£úýһ١
Īʽ뵽Ů۽ǵɫԾǡ
ˣող˵Ҫʲô£
ոյСܿȥĪʽ֮ǰĲɴͷβһ飬Ҳͬ𾪣Ƭ̵ĳ˼
⣬ô족ĲʣǿɴûнӴĴ١
ҲҷĵطؼҲȷô˵
ɣȱĴ˵Ҳһ£ѵϵһЩϺõģһҲ㲻ʧ
ĪʽҲãȻһŽٹپȫƷϳ˵ģٶɨ飬ֶŷ˽ʱҪһҪȫ

 6 


Ĳ󣬲ȥɷֱһѾ߹
ˣүȥ鷿
ãϹȥĻﷳ꣬ѾԱվţ̾˿ȥ
үСذѻŵ鰸ϣĪҶڴڶתͷͿǸͼԭⲻطǡ
üͷһ壬е㲻ͷôˣûʲôûһ𣿡
ǣǲͬ⡱ͷС
ĪҶصطŵ鰸ϣŵôС
ûã¶첻ãҶʡ˽⣬˵ˣҲܰңɵصԼûõ
屻е㵨ǺС˵ǲǷǼٻ
ĪҶоԼҪˣǶǸϴֶ֣дÿܷƷǸЦýֻͣȥ
ŷ˹֪ĪʽˣǸͼȥ
磬ôˡȻʣĪʽڿлʱĿľȻġ
æ𣿡ĪҶһ£ҲַԱߵϡ
е㡱ĪʽЦЦ
ĪҶ⻰һִЦҪһˣͿżɽ˵ɡȻ󽫻չĪʽ𿴣ܣ֪⻭𣿡
ǰ֪ػһô֪ܲأǺϵҡҡͷ
ĪҶؽ£һ𣬸͵ǰ֮׵ġͼͼףٵģͨҲ֪ô
뽫ĸףȻǸˣˣֻͼˡ
ĪҶͶ˶Ȼ˵ܻɲô˵Ҫ⣬ҽҲҪ¡
ĪʽȣԼ̶̵ĺ룺ޣ˵
ģܣãһ˲ʱóȥ˻ΪǴ󷿲Т̫̫ء
ͣһ£Īʽûжı飬Ҳû˵ּҾ밡һ˶֪ϰ壬ǮͳĻ϶ˣȫǼ嶼桱
Ȼһصˣ鿴öȽϿĪʽǺģŴȻƭ;ǰԼĴ˼¡
磬ɲУҿԼԼİɡ
ĪҶΪԼһ˵ʮа˾ܳɹͷһ
ܣǶһˣһһģûҲᱻ
ͲʹˡĪʽһ˫飬ĪҶ˫۲ɵ飬ŭôôͿǲǾǴŮˡǼҵǴŮСͻʳÿ¶ǷһЩӣҲҪֹǰܸõǴûôȫˡ
⻰Ҳ̫˼ˣôʲôʱҪǡĪʽȸղ࣬ŵ˵ûʲô£Ǿذɣ߻кܶء
ĪҶȻ뿪⻹һĪʽԱ
ΪĲɸĪʽˣԻ̬ȶʮȷҲûйɧǡ
統죬ϲõոȾÿ϶Ц⡣
õǽϹźһġ١֣ǽ·źľٹپơ
ææµµĪһʹ·м䣬ӿ͡
ǡĪմǰϿŻϤ˵»ЬӱŶԷĽˣҶðˡһԺڵԼѣٳٲֻþڿ
Ľ֣һͬѵЬϣȻСϵӣ
ѽͷˣÿķʽ˺þãߣܻҪء
Сһһĵú𾢣Īˮ޻ľ
ĽĪˮҲЬϣһ顣
˻ãе㼷죬Ƭʱ
ҪǱȥĽָСӵһ֣࣬ãôô׽ǡ
ôȥĪˮ⻰Ͳˣһˣһߣ
ĪմǻûĽ쭣С˵Ҵ͡ȻЬ齣ţߡָŷڲԶһСԲ˵
ûˣĪˮ㣬ոС˵ʲôأҲ𣿡Աߣ˻˽Ȼʱ̣ܶǲˬ
ҾϲţҲĽԱߴһֻôС϶˵ѣǸ̫֮ǰĪˮںͲɿȥ
ĪմǼ˾һ֪Ϊʲôоá
зǸҡ֪ˣȥҡϴȥϣĽĸĲǸÿĽҡǰóĪմǿˣȴôҲҵ
ҹȥҡ˵ţֶϵλ˵ȥ¡
̤ŵһ̣ĪմǸоɣ·ĲҲˡ
Ŵ500һʱĪʽȻָ̿ˣ׼׸ˣԷСܵǰҼҴϲ͵Ӿͺá
úáĪʽͷȥãӣ롱
һԵĪҶܵĪĪʽһСӣʮֲ⣺֪˭𣿡ĪҶʵȻⳡϵȫϵã챻뵽еģӦöʶ
Īҡͷ֪
ӹˡ
֮⣬ĪʽϵѣĪвȫʶԼ㲻֪˭Ǻܿ˵˼仰
Ϸˣ綫ٱɽ˵ţлԭϡ
ĪϲЦտллллӽͿˣ˵ǲ̫ȵģӹΪ̫زûסʱŲؿ۶ԷĵѲʵʵģҪôô
Īʽ˽һϯ˳˼䡣
Ĳɵط˼䣬һ˵ɷڸιһ¡
ӣȥ
еĲյӣ⵹ãҾ㿴ȻַԸлԭҲø
ϯ֣ͦαӰʧһضĪʽ˵ǣ֮ǰĪϵǸ׵ģû뵽Ȼ˻ơ
Ϊı֣϶Ҫϯģ˼Ҹûģ컹Ȼһͷ
˭֪Ȼһûǣǻʲô
ĪʽҲΣϽǰ֣Сϵʲôӣ㻹˽˵ãܽڱĵط
˵˵˭֣Ĺĵ˵Ҳе㱻Ȱˣոͨɣ˵ȣǺȲ裬ǶǼ£ССȴһֲŭĸоȷʵͨˡ
ĪʽޣͷԱ˵˵Ȼ˵ˡո³֣ҲǶ΢ʡ
˰ˡʲʲô֣Ҳû
ͷеûһ͸оˣռ䣬ĪմǵĿԺǸȥ
ϱ֪󣬽ļ˻żȻҲ￴
ӡһϤ֣Լе㶶

 7 


ӣҪ𣿡ĪմǼûлͷһ飬ĸԺӻͿǰһĨϤӰֻ벻ļװ磬ӦòԼϵˣĸ˺ܶͣԻɶԷǲ·ˡ
оԼѹʯͷԶתǣѾõҲԾһӣһ㶼ûãⱲһúرļңһ֣ϱһͨ
Ȼļҿܶʸ񣬵˭Լϲأš
Īմڿ˺󣬴㵵һովñӰϤһ˲Ҳ뵽ˣԼҺ޽ôء
ιһ¹󸮡信ݵϸһ˿ЦݣӣǵϱһμԼʱҲĿתؿ˵δӢˣҲ˰ɡ
߶Ů죬һпܲǺܷ㣬ιۣҸ·ȻŮԺӣ̫ܲá
ĪմӱýأǿԼһ㣬̧ͷֱӶԷѾߣͨ˵ҲҪ֮ǰ΢ˡ
˵ЦˣԾش˵磬ǰû뵽߰һ棬ֽ˵֪ôƺһʱҲҲˣܲͷҲιۣ
ĪմȻûʲô仯˾κˣǲŮɫ鵭𣿵23ˣ˸үϳɻ飬ͻȻͨҲһ
ô˵һһô顣
߲Ǻܷ㣬Ұ﹫Ҹ˰ɡⱲཻ̫һ˷⣬ϾԼҲҵ
Ƕ𣿡౻ܾе죬ŮǺϣո־ԼòôõĽӴǰȴҪ
ĪմЦû˸ոյĽӲӣǲŵһμ棬Ӻ˵𰡣
ʶԼˡ
ӣǡĪʽһ߲źһ߼ӿٶȸϹĪմǻһͷȶӣǰ׼硱
ãȥתͷĪմǣλǣ
Īʽǽܡ
СŮǡ
ǣӡ
ຬЦԭĪϰǧ
ĪʽֽĪմǽҹǰţһ뿪
ҵĽ㣬ˡĪˮϽŸ߸ߵ𣬼ĪմǻԹҸôá
ϿɣǰڳԷˡֶһߵĽĽҵǹȥˡ
ðǵʱеĿѾãҲп˻̸˺ܶ࣬Īմǲ֪ԼôģԾע⵽࣬ĸһ飬вɵɻ󣬵Ǹλã֪
ڿʲôĽֱۡ
ûУ㿴Īմǻعҵǵϯ
ӶͬˣԲôѾãһߵĪʫĵ𾢣ĽȻذĪմ¡
Ľ㣬ȥǱĪˮָָĪʫԱߵĿλһ˸պãе㼷
Ľüͷһ壬ʵǲλ𣿡ǰĳϣǴýϡ
˵꣬ԼͬضĪմǣԼ˼еĪմǣǿҵ߻ѡ
ôˣ
Ҫ˭ϡ
񶼲ѺãӲô򷢣С̽λãָָԼλãóͺá
Сͬ
һ˼䣬˽һݡ
Ů𣬸ܺá࿴ֱĪʽʵôǵðǸ˵ֻһá
Īʽ𿴹ȥҲһ㶣ûλôһʣѹɻ͵Ǳߴɫɫ·ŮʯɫŮĺýá
಻Ծƣ˼Īʽ㾴أҲûǿȰƣȻҲ˽̸䲻ԾоУĵҲûô顣
Ŀ⻹ʱʱطһϣһʨͷҲһ鳢
̵ãһڷԣǾѡ
Īϰ壬վϦ֪λǧϲʲô
Īʽ룺СŮߣϲӦɡ
ޣǺȤޡ
ĪʽڨڨǼ桱
˵ץ֩룬԰кܶ࣬ÿץ֩³ʮܼ԰滨ľ࣬Ҳкܶࡣ
Ҳûʲôϵ԰˭֪רŸٹĵط
ĪϰԸ⣬ϦҵԸλǧȥ¿ӣ˹˵
Īʽɣץ֩ѣҲô鷳ͷӣǸҰǳײ˹˿ɲá
Īϰģһ߿ţµġ
ĪʽܾԷȴֱ˵ˣһλǧ𡱡

 8 


̫̫øӶТ˳һλ֮ǰʱļ͵
ûáĪЦ۽ƶˣҲܿܺá
ͬһŵǰϴǰ֮׵ġͼ϶3ŽңĽ˿ҲǷƷ
ͼǰ֮׻ǸΪո˵ȽϴԱ߼Ҳüλ˵꣬Աϵһ˾˳
ǰǰ֮׻ġͼûɡλüë𣬴Ȥ
󲿷̨ϣûչպ÷ǵģǼ˿Ҳ֮ǰʱ̫̫򿪸ǿá
ǰɣôǵǰ£Լү٣Ӿڻ鷿ءһ䣬ȫмҲм֪¡
Ͼ׼סƽʱԵʱһȺǻĵЩġ
ʽ۹ؿĪҶоѿôͣ˵ҼǴˡ
ֳϣ׷ҲʣҲ׷ţʾһȥˣĪҶ֪ôģԼϹȥˣǸоգȻһ仰û˵Ҳûɹһ̫
ĪʽۿһУµķҲδеȣΪϱ;ˣֻⱲûǸ絹Ҳʳ
صϯ䣬Īʽ֮⣬ɫʮΣһᶼû˵Թ˳ԼĶ
ⳡϯĽûֱӸĸȥ
ڰһ߰ɡжʱû˵ˣиʱ϶
Ҳ̫֮ǰһҪ֪ţȻɷһˡ
ΪĪˮѾǰصԺ˯ˣĽкĪմһߡ
Ǹõô¡Ƶá
Ҫ˵ءΪ̫ܴߵǼ죬Īմ˵е㴭ϢڸǰһˡȻǰʱ䷢飬ͷβ˵һ顣
¡һ·Ľʼվţ֮ǰǺǴ󷿵ĪˮôͻȻͱء
ĪմӡþͲԸ棬ҲŴǹԭҲ֪Ϊи磬˽Ҳӡ
ֻһ㣬˵ȥܶ˾ֱҡͷȻһжûУû˼ܵܳʵ֮ܳΪѣҲΪ㾭ʮơ
Ľĸûֵܽãɷ׸ģĸҲֻһΧ˳ЦҲ⣬üһñ˭ء
ĪմأȻҲ˳Цĸֺô󷿵飬Ҳߴ󷿵˱˻Ե̬ʶһʣеĸо
ģǻģܳˮˡ
ǡĽЦ˵㻳ɣá˵ʵôܻͻȻأе㽫Žɡ
ĪʽΪ飬һ춼Ĳɵء
ʽĲϴҪɷױϵù
ԷûлӦּӴһ飺ʽ
ʲô¡ĪʽԼ˼г
㽫ױϵӵݸҡ
ĪʽȥĲɼüչʵոʲôأҲ
ԼһĥҲǰ취㽫еķǸ˵һ顣
ǰö˶׸Ϊȥ԰Ǿ֮ͣĲüͷһԭˮȴʮࡣ
Īʽӣһɢķ˿
ʽû׸𣿡ôɣʵΪֹ̫ɣͻȻȥ򲼣Ȼڻȥ԰طжôȥֻǱ˵Щٵˣͨˣ̫ˡ
׸ȴһ̬ôѺã
⣬ⲻ̫ܰɡðٿɱͷĴӴӷ˿们ûټ˼Ĳɵ⣬ô꣬Ҳֵܶˣ˼飬ԣҲҴƱ˾ġ
Ҫȥϰ塱ɷҲˣĲɽŴ괺ʱȥ󣬺һٸҫ˵ĵճӣҲλ׸ˡ
ĪʽһһЦĲɴҲд⡣
ĲһʱĶׯע㣬ô˵ġ
ĪʽˣˬһЦŽްϴ

 9 


ڶգĪʽȥԼ￴ȥϰ帮ϡ
Īϵܽô⣿ϰ鴮һ˵һ
ϰ壬ϵҲͲĨˣʵһĪʽλϰ廹е㽻飬Ҳûô
ޣĪϵ˵ܰһ
Īʽͽͷβϸ˵һ顣
ԣǻ׸Ǽٵģ
Īʽüͷ޺޵˵ǰϰȥҸϿһ£ǼٵģҾ͸͵ٸȥ
ϰ岦鴮ͣˣԲĪʽͶĿ⣬еӱܡ
֪ϰʱ䡱Īʽþò˵ʵδԷʲô
ϰȷʵеΪѣҲ˵ѽȻඪˣ꿪ȥϵѣֻǸ軹Ѿǽ̸ûЩӣο׸ˡ
˴ˣ͸˵׸Ҳõ㡣
϶ǼٵƨɻһƣĪʽ˵׸ˣԹǻʵߵĺˣȨôö˶˵ܵء
ϰ˵Īʽͷ֮ǰҲǿǵЩԲɣֻǣﲻȷһ£ûôģ˵ܷϰȥҸһˣһץȥٸ
˵ˣپܾҲãһ˵飺Ǻãҹȥһơ
Īʽæл˼ҳ뿪ˡ
ڶϦкܶ࣬һץ֩롣
ץ֩Ȼǵץ棬ǰŽСڶٿǽȻԽԽá
ͣĪ⣬棬лԭȥš
λСġ
ŷ˿ͷһ£һлԭĪϰһ߻µˣûλС㣬ﲻ֪ڸʲôỹǺĸкĪϰ塱
ҼѾͷܿ͹֪Ƿ桱
лԭԥһ£ǵ棬
û˵꣬ĪʽʹˣȥкȻʧ񡱣˵Ҳû˵ʲô͸һԵӹȥлԭҲˣ̼˼ңǹģ˭ڡ
˾õˣҼԺ͹Īʽ濪ڡ
šڱĿ⻰Ҳֻǳǳشһ
Է˷ܣĪʽԱߵϰ壬ϰʾ£Īʽ˿һҪ˵Ļ
Ųһÿˡ
ֻۣΪϬû˵ȴĪʽϵʶɿе
󵨣Ȼƴ˵ǲˡӦѵ⣬û뵽˾Ȼôûд˵ķԸƿ
ĪʽǸˡ
ˡӣüƽϣѰ˼ţʱҸ˽һЩأԺ󰢴Ҫ檵ģçײôС
ĪʽԱߵϰ壬ոƿʱϰҲһԿŵġ
ϣϰҡҡͷСĶ˵ͣûһơ
Īʽһӣ˵׸ˣƾ֤
⻰üͷһ壬û˵ʲô͵ǣĪϰ⻰ǻҼҹǼٵģŵ㲻мˣǸʲô˭ĵƭǡ
ĪʽŭˣЩƭôĿˣҲûпģó֤ݣòĻȥżٰɡ
ʲôҼҹǰˣޡ׼лԭйúýѵˣͻȻڴһĪϰ壬ӡڸϣҪҴù
ʵǻԼҲģϾ˵ģûĸٵģܸС̻
ߣȻʲô׼ˣҿȥү˵ɡȻǶð׸ˣӡԼ١
˵꣬ոջصϰѾһϹΧӳ
ˣôˡлԭոǵλС㣬ûȵͼһ˽Ϊ
ǵҪʲôûлֻĪʽʵ
ȻȥˡĪʽ˵նǰҲðȥ
󵨡лԭŭһ⣬ôҴ˵嵽Īʽǰ棬׼߹¡
׼֣ԼҴ˾ֹˣлԭ
ˡлԭô˺ƢǰȻºٷ𣬵ȴӲֹѵˡ
ҸĪϰһ˱ǡȻŹٸȥһҲûʲôȻԺΪǸƭӡ
ˡлԭܵ˳Ҵʲôʱô˵ˣһ׸ȻΪһСԼݣȥٸ֤
Īĳе㵣ģʱίӰɡ˵ֻ꣬׳Сӹ
лԭС೤ǴûԼҹĶԴǼ׳ߵڵء
ǼֱǷҼҴ˶˵ȥٸˣٵôˡ⻰ҧ˵ġ
Īʽոռ¹ŵˣ˿Ųûʲôر𣬵Ἰţܽ׳ߵڵأӡ
Ȼˣɡ
ĪմǸĪˮ׼ȥץ֩룬к
ʲô°ôˡĪմһͼĲɸЦ
ĲɼŮ˵һոշ顣
ԣӸʲô׸Īˮŵȷһ飬˵˴󣬾ȻôĹҡײƭ
ȻٸˣߣʱǼٵģùӳԡð䳯͢ԱǴ
ĪˮˣҲǴЦһ˽ǣЦ
أ

 10 


ĲͣüЦöˣôģôܸнӴŮƽʱͦģô췸ɵˡ
ȥҵĪմ֪˴ʲô֪֮᲻ֻϿš
ûߣͱĪˮקסˣ㣬ǲǱģԻˣôء
һͬӣĪմǼֱţһ󲽿絽ĲԱߣ֤кְܶ취͵ٸģ𣿡
⣿Ůһ˵ĲҲеֻǣӦòİɡȻڼԼղŵĿȴࡣ
ЩʲôҲ²͸ֻҪģ͵ٸʱǳԲ˶ߡĪմҲ֣ϾϱԼҸһ㽻ûУѵΪЩҲڸı䣿
ǣô죬ǸϿȥĲĻˣŮʵ
ǸϿ߰ɡ
ס𣿵˺þáĪˮʵǲģǵϱз¡
ȥȿɡܱʲôá
ĪʽѾһˣĪմǼȥûڽǰסǡ
ºˡһλʮͷڹϣžľһģֻаչǹţһˣһֱվһ΢ͷվ
Ϊβ
һԲ˶۾һֲŭĴ
ˣСⳤĲ̣ǰð׸ˣҸƭĪʽ״
ʲô£һǰˣǣֽͦľһģôĵӣУҹ¡
ฺ֣Ӹ¿Īʽ𣺡˵ƭƭʲôˡ
Īʽ룬˴ˣƭһͱҷˣڻûƭʲôֻð䳯͢Ǵﰡ
㻹ʲôҪƱ𣿡ƭ˶ٶΣð䳯͢ԱܷŹ
ҼҴ˾ǵ׸ĵճӣţһϾͺˡлԭΪõ֪ԼҴ˵ģҲǸġ
ǣǵڻӲ˰ʮ壬ٹؽη
лˣлˡĪʽˣڰƭӹؽȥˡ
ٲǰ׼лԭȥȥͱлԭȫſڵϡ
ˣˡȻֹãǲˣˣˣץҺݺݴ
ţˡ˻ûһŮȹڣʱŵ㴭ϢվȣŮˡ
ʲôĪʽ𲻽⣬²Ҫ͡
Īմ񰲸ĪʽȻˣӲƭӡ
֡Īʽѵ⣬Ͽȥ
ĪմȻûҲˣҼˣûƭǣҲûð䳯͢٣
ŮҲһ㶣ΪҪԼ
Īʽֹ类Լסˣô£ôŮڹ֮ϣҲˡ
㵱ʲôط߾ߣˣȥݺݵش󣬰ˣҲҴʮ塱ָĪմ˵
СŮ£ɡ
ǰﰡ
ྲ˲ͷؽľһģַԸٲȽȥ
󵨡һŹٷӽ˿ֵ̿񣺡
һŭ÷ֱԹߵǰͷа:׸ˡ
һʧɫĪʽĲˣǹһԵϰҲоͷȹ£С飬
Լȥ췣ɡ޺޵ո׸˹ȥһˣ׸˵ȥӱ޸˹ˣ˶ȻҪ׸˵İӣԴֱǲҪˡ
ˣ֪ŵþʧ룬Żص仰
лˣлˡ
ĪʽĲҲսս˼лл
ɡȷʵûΪǣתͷȹӵĪմǣƽе㲨ֻĪմǶϵʱ͵һ˵˽Ǹ˵һˣ˵ǣָǴСЬ
ֻΪʲôô¡
ȷʵݣΪƭӣֻŮ˾ȻΪ˵
ĸǸƭӣŮ˿϶Ҳ⣬Ըڹϰ˼ȥֻ뵽һԭŮΪɫûûԭȥ
컻һˣƭӣҲòǰŮǲҲͬ飬뵽⣬ͺܲˬ
лԭλСȥ԰Լһӻͻظˡ
㣬׸ϵĪˮڻ¡
ĪմҲ˼ղŵ£һ£Ժҿ֮ܿǰķϣ㡣
ҲûǼңǰȴһۣ뻹е㺦£أ˵˻Ǻˣ
βҲȥˣ֮λ׸ҲûٹĪʽһĵҲ
Ѯλˡ
Īڣֵ˵Цúϲ£죬λſ˵ôϲ
ĪմǱ˽йվⶼĸĻЦͣһᣬݡ
ôֵþˡĪ΢Թ˾䣬ҲûĪմǿɨڣ˶Ѿˣֻʣһˡ
ֵ磬ˡŮ䶯΢΢Ǻˣ߹ʱһֵ㡣
ûϵܼþͺáһ۾û뿪
˵˵⹱ǱһжҪϱиĪпˣоŵ㡣
ǰĲɶЦݸͣĪմ˵ҲûһֱȥԱţǰ棬͸ֵ죬˿ˣֻŮӳˣ֪ˡ
ֵԭϼҽĶӣƷԻǱ߶ʮֳڲ19Ѿǹڹǲμ¸µĵԣ˳ס
ǰϼҼʱĪʽҶ£ĪմǱЩûʲô飬Ͼ¶ƾĸ
һˣֵŵһǫӣ˼ȴС
⸮סʱ򣬹ĪʫҲͰˣ˭֪Ǹ̰ĵģȻĪմǸ檡
һ¡
ĪĻ᲻ֺ֪Ǻ˸˵˵
˵ע£ɬͳѱõ汲ϱģ֮۶Īմǣ˵֮ԣٹס
ܵĪоʮϲˣǰԼҸûϣҽף϶ˣ˭Ǯȥء
øý»ɻأҿ»ɡĪմǾܾȻ֪вУһԡ
ֵϾǵһƴǵĻ˲Ǻ졣
ĪЦݵˣֻǶʲôϵֲǽ飬š
ĪմǿԱߵףҲûа˵˼Ҳǣǵϱ˭ŮȻ˵жϲҲǲķ뵽ˣԺ취ɣһƴǣָᱻôۡ
лԭõϢ󣬽鷿棬˵ԼҴ˻ǿģδ˵ʲôεվǣ֪óȥǵȷԸ̽ҪСȥĪϰôô
֮ǰԼҴΪҪӴĪȥǶǸ£ˣԭǿ˼ҡ
¡ͷҲû̧ǵðϵʱ򣬲δɹ飬ԣ
ǣС˸ˡת뿪ֻ׼ʱֿ˵ˣȵȡ
лԭϹȥԸ
˶ϸŵ㡱

 11 


ֵ˵ºͣſĪס˼գһӵϲ
ټǸˣǹҪǿˣǰ;ҪܽףĪĵλҲһᡣ
ǰŸԼԺãֵΪ˲˼ңһӶãΧʵľԲš
ֵԵ㣬⼸ãˡȻڻûĪմǳףĪھͰԼŮۡ
лϷ˹ġֵ׼ǰĲԣպÿԱ̰˿ƻ,΢ЦתͷԵĪմǡ
ǵСʱ򰢴úϲ˿ƻҲϲ
һ⻰ˣҲ̲ס˵ĲɰиԺŮ޹ȥõܿˣֵ
ĪлˣҲʮͬĲƤЦⲻЦǫ鼸¡
УĪմǻûôظֻԷԼӼһƽĻ𻨡
һΪ˸˷ˣ׷׳ֵǸɶõĺˡ
еǿ˿ƻĪմ˿УĵĶԼγԵ¡
ǣ԰ôûˣѵðֵǵϲáĪزס͡
ĪմǽӲͻȻһƣ߿ֵһۣǿ˿ƻǼԱ˼ذɣһСƻõȥˣϧʵǿϧ
ûϵٸüһɡ
ĪմŵøæסԷ֣ʮĵ˵鷳ֵˣԼɡ
֮ĪմǸ׼ȥԺɢû߳ãֵסҪҪߡ
ˣҪҡĪˮվĪմǰ棬˵
ֵҲϰΪˣ֮ǰÿθ˵ʱֻҪĪˮڣ˵̫ãȻҲ֪Ϊʲô
ֵӦûкܶҪæɣҾͲռⱦʱˡĪմᣬݰף˵ʱЦݻŵɬֵôĵ
ãҴỹҪֻǡһߵĪˮüͷ΢壺Ⱒˮø˵̬Ҫĸģҵû£Ҫ֪ˣȥ
⻰˵úûִ磬ⶩ鶼ûأһˣ
Īˮŭˣ׼ںú˵˵ȴˡ
ˮ16ָ꣬˵̬ȡĪմǳ谮ؿһãŵܱĴûаֵôϸɡ
ǰŮ˵ʱ²𣬿񴺷һˣϹһЦݣ˿ԷʲôֵֻϸƷ⻰Ĳȥ·ϣ˼룬Ҳûóۡ
᷿΢Ϣ˵ӣͳȥЩһμӵԵĹǡ
൱طֵĵ·ϣ඼̷ĽĿƷֻҪǮûʲô򲻵ġ
ҲǺܶ࣬һŮŮ
ֵһߵ㻨¥ȥʱѾм٩٩̸ˡ
ˡ
ֵ֣֡һһкеĵĵϣһʫʣ϶ЩˣһͽΧˡ
Ҹҽһ£λƷ֣¸£һԡ
һȺ˺Ⱦĵ𾢣ʱֽһˣߵһӣܡ
ƷҲˣһΪϲءֵȥԼֵܣͬ磬ԭ׼һμӵԣ˭֪ͻȻ£ȷֻܹܲԼˡ
ƷҲ쳣ĸˣߵߣֵҵˣ׼ȥδ޸Ѱء
˼棬ԭкܶ໰Ҫ˵ҲͣˣǳԳĽȥһҷݣ˼ˣ˵˽
˵ˣûƷüŪʵ
ֵľƱͣˣⲻ̫ðɣ¸¾͵ˡ
ƷŲˣ˶Žһ߽һ˵ʲôѧǰʮѧˣⲻ⼸칦
һ˵ֵˣɫۿɼظˣҪȥ漸ѡ
ʵضĪİիĲ֯һɫ¿κСˡ
Լȥ԰ͤ
ﲻȥˡСһ˵һԵ޾ͽţʮĮ
Сﻹû˵أôˡ
ǰӣһЩѾС˵ԼڣһЩˣʱ£³ȣҲ࣬ңĪմǻöԷһϤĸоԼԺ¡
ЩӣطǺ⣬໰˻飬ʱ˵ܸоԼ
ĪմǵͷϵĶ΢ʰһ£ŵȥɡ
áֵ˷ܵǰ׼֣ԷˣҲû⣬Ͼ˻ûס
ֵ绽к£
ֵѾȥͤţȻͳһɫңãϲ𣿡ǰ˻ΣȻŵС
ĪմǴû˿ϱӶûɶоⱲӸˣֵ͵Һþ¡ȻַڱǼԱţ㰡
ֵˣ⣬ϻǫ飺ϲͺá
ͤС͵͵ˣҲ̲סˣޣ㿴ǲǺð䣬ɲŮòӶǼҹá
СĻѷ·ˣĮƿ֣ӦСһҲû˵ˣĺġ
ֵôˡĪմǾոֵֽùȥװЩʲôע⵽Էһֱţܵĵ
ֲֵֻصĪմˣǺϵʵֵ㵹˵ѽüͷ壬һǵؿӡ
ûûʲô
Īմǰֻק˵ӵָֽûһ۵׷ʣ⵽ôˣĪǰֵ粻ǵһˣʲôҡ
ûûСӺǾţһԥ˵ˣ⼸ճ׬ӣͳˡ
׬ӣֵȱ𣿡Īմһʵ
ֲˣһԵĪմǽһ׷˼˲Ųò˵ⳤǻӵĵطʵ̫ˣҶÿԴӶˡ
Īմǲˣʲô˼ȱǮ˵ǲδǰ˵ֵ羹Ȼ⣬ѾȻңǲҵˡ
˵ţתͷ־ֵۣˣæοãô㵱ء
ĪմźЩֵȻˣð͵ӹȥɱ𲻽ӡ
ֵ·ˣô˼ء
ˡŮͷԲݾܾһֵҲ밡ǰŮӷҪҲֻܽˡ
лԭսսȥ鷿ǸֵסĪÿ춼ȥֻ࣬ͷۡ
Īֵ͵ңֵʮӡ
žһ֧ëӲر۶ϣлԭоеͳطΧ

 12 


ī֭ϣȾɵֻҪһۣ·̴ܱ
ȥɡлԭ֪仰˶ãתҪĺˮеȣȥ
գ£ҽҲЪϢˣĪմǼͷʵ̫ˣóȥҡϣһ߿Żһ֦߳ò⡣
ûþֹͣˡ
ȥһˡ׵ߵһѾߡ
ĪմĿ⻹ڻϣɢʵ£
˵һλҪ׼һЩò⡱
ĪմһҲ벻ʲôĴ
˼ûȥˡ
ҹк£
ĪմǹȥʱͿŲǷĲɿҵæ˵һ顣
ԭ磬λ׸ĪʽȻǲҵæкԷ˼ƥûߣ˵ϴĪԵĲˣζ
ĪʽˣˬһЦð죬Ҫ׸ϲĪĳԽȥ󸮡
һ㶣漴ֵνӲãס
Ҳǣ˼ҴСʳʲôõûԹ˵˵ԼȻģĪʽţҲڨڨЦˣû˵
е㲻ͷôûȴһƬƽ˻˵пգȥĪϰ帮ϳ
ôȥϣȻԷǴ٣ֻһССĲ̣Ҹʣֻʵʵӣ˵ˣĪʽȻǲƴǣܹٺᣬĪĳңøĳ׼׼
˽ԷĪϰ岻ضԺӾͺãϣҲϴһ˶ࡱ
Īʽ𵱼ˣ˱Ƚϵ͵ֻԸСˣȥ߷ϴλԺҪţֻڶðڲ˾ͺá
ĲȻ֪˭ҪҲòҪЩˣ뵽ϴŮ²ŲæԼע⣬һ
ĪմҲĵɻڴʲôע⣬úõΪʲôҪţǲǸɣʲô˺óԣʲôûԹ
ҿɣֲˣ⼸ˡϼȦˣøĲɡ
ˣĲɾˣô;ˣȷڷˣҪʲôӣĪɵ
Ϊ⼸أĵʵ
ĪմǰĲеĲӳ͵˼ֲһΪԷ⼸ֲˡʳָһԵĲӣ˵ϼţȼ۹ĲˣǲġʵڲȦļˣϱӼУԵĲƷȻǲֱӸġ
ĲɱŮ˵ˣһȷʵˣ漴˽õǽҪкͣ˲
ĪϰǺøλ绨ǧ
ϯ䣬ѼһļҳֻǾͶǹɹһ֪ǵ֮
ĲɸĪʽ϶ŽӲЦݣ˿ڷ̸Цӣʮ־н⻰Īʽһ˵
ķΧĪˮǰô໰ĬĬš
һʵ֪﷼伸л䡱
ԣ˵ɫһ䣬֪λ׸ˣö˶˵⻰ʲô˼ﲻ˵е΢գǲǻ𣬲˾ѰĻˣȻǲö룬һ¶ѡ
Īʽˣ˲ԺزԷĲ䣬ϽصСŮʮߣѾ˼ҡ
ԭǲǵģмƽԵĲˣɢ˵㣬ȻԵְԶٷԼϲá
ŮӼ˿һӵ飬ĪϰҪ㡱ĶǱ߳ĬĪմǡ
ĪʽҲ֪˵Щʲôֻźͷ˵ǡ
ٷų࣬˶ǽŵأˣҲ˿
ҪҪһ˵ĪʽЦúܲãСͼʶٳ֣ԼҲǻ˼꣬ҪĿһ˵뷨ǿǰ׻ˡ
װ֪ϵЦݱºˣĪʽðóԱҪߣϴβι۹󸮿һˣ쵹ʱٺú͡
Īʽᣬ⸮ʲôòι۵ģ෿ݲָ죬ڳʵ̫ˣ룬ϻ൱飺ðĪĳӺúòιһ¡
һ̧߼һͷĪմԱߣҸ£кܶ໰ģҹȥɡ
ĲɸĪʽ໥ۣû֮ǰôôŮȥܴķ濼ǣе㵣ģĲɿСŮһ˿е֮ðˮҲһɡҲµġ
ˮҪȥ𣿡ѯʵĪˮ۾ʱʶһѯǿȴеˡ
ܵӵضĲɵ磬ýӲι۰ɣȥϢ
ĪմĹôˣУǸӣ׵СãǰֻսĹȥˣ޺޵صһۣ˱㵽׺ȥˡ
û취ֻӲͷƤȥϲι۲ιۡ
Ǻ԰ϲֻԾͳˡָƬ̺˵ȰҲ˽ĵģϾôȣط࣬ͤԱǾͤ
ӷ·˵ĻûȤƳЩͰͷתһɵ⣺ϲδ𣿡
ΪʲôôãӸϲ
ϱӴû֪θ飬ǲˣǻĪŲġ
ĪմǾǲǿԴһǰ࣬ǰӲ޹ص飬ôˣУ˵ʲôĿģǣԴ֪ʲôĿġ
ȻΪϻҪشģţͦϲġȻϲδˣ˵ϲ˿Ǻ֡
жϲ
˽Ҫϵÿһֱ
ĪմЦҪô˵أϲϲһİۺֵͦذɣԼܵһѹȣ·˵˺ϲʮһ
֪˵תͷͤЩභ޵Ļ䡣
жϲ֪ѵЩŮӣѾ϶ںߣԲ֧֧ᡣ
ŮˣоʣɫҲࣺҵ˽£ûйϵ
˵ôûйϵ뵽֮ȷʵûнֻýȥһʱ֮䣬ͤͻȻð
໹ûס˵ɻһӵ飬ɲ㡱
ţллѡĪմǲ˵ˣֻȥĵط䣬ȱȱüζ鲻ˣȴͬ⣬󣬼ʱŴ̫Ժӹ˼£ûԣͷ˯
ڻȥ·ҲǺܺãлԭں浨սľ֪ʲôֻоǺܺá
ȥϸδͲˣҲĴʱ㻹ϲϲ
лԭ⻰ԼҴΪˡ
ڶ죬ĪմǻʹڣһϢ
˵м㡱Сˣһʱ˵
Īմʱ䣬ǲԾع𻡶ȣʱҲᣬҲʹ

 13 


Ҹ°ɡĪմ´һȾ̧ǵϴ10꣬һοȥŷݣ˷ܵһ죬סڶ𴲾һĸо
ˣԺС·˼ѣ뵽ǲϢһ˺üʱ۵ġ
á̾ͺãҪ
С̺ױŪòˣ˽ֵȵʮֽĪմǺ޲ǣ˵˵ԼڻѾߣֹ
ȥŹϡСԸ׼ţԱȴ޶ԣ˵лԼ⻹ûףһţǲʡ
С⻰˻˵ޣԽˡ
޲ȰǣС˵Сڹ֪߳Ǹ·ģԲ
ĪմǼߣҲе㲻ã̫˵ɡ
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ĪʽʮϿĻǵģ˲ܼޣֻ˻һµȵ֮˵ȻòٹֵϾ鷳ˡʵĪʽ͸ãϱֵ飬ôŮɻء
ɾȰ˸ĸĪմҲʼδ֪ôɿڣͲûԩǮͺá
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лԭ⺰һ

յ˴˵ķԸȥ˰ǹδֵ˭֪һջô࣬Աûͣࡣ
ôӽǶծˡץɵ㡣
һлԭʶصͷӲͷƤ˵ǣǰǹġ
ð¯ɢζ·ü
¶ͽ¶ټ׺һǣøǰô֪ôϲˡ
֤պã͵ĪϰͲˣһ׻Ů޸ǶĹ

 14 


ûã뷨
һĪմǽٻзлԭлԭûͣ档
ˡлԭྪѣеëѾɵûһīˮĵĳһҳлԭʱһģһ
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ˣǹ족
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ʱĪסţҲ˽һ޳ȥŮóȥˮδ׼󷿵ĶӸӰ࣬ʱĪմкܶ࣬ǲҲ񣬵ȵλţ󷿽ĪҵĲׯ⣬ǻܴĪҵõʲô
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Ҹһߡ
˸֮⣬ĪʫǵһθеĿôһɫӣıŨйͷ΢΢ңҲ˿ӰУϧˣôõжȻġ
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ϹųЦݣ˵һָ̾ʫԸң˲˵ˡҡҡͷһʧӡ
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ո׼һȥⲻ˸ˡʮѹ˵ţֺίԵŮӣǲǰҼ
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Īʫɬһ죬ţ֪ã˶󣬱㿪ˡ
ϴϱʫĻôˣȵֵԺ󣬸ǻҲҪǱ߻ûϢͲˡ
ⲻһֱ࿴ֻҲϣҲϡҡҡͷΪӵĻ²ġ
ʫĪѧޡӸ˵ף࿴Ĺܾò⣬žô󣬲ڶˣͿԳɻ顣
ĸĪС벻
Īʫһһ˳ŷѡЩҪôţҪô֮ӡ
ĸĪԵֵ˾У˵ʫôõĹȻһ
ĪԳشЦҪʫҲķͺˡ
ֵû뵽̫̫˵СĸĪʫһִۣæػعͷԷ
˵ĵĪʫ
վʫ׼ôˡĪͲˣƼҶ϶ϱ
ˣ۱ϵĲɣڵö˵ˣһԳԲˡ
˵һƬ˰磬벻˹ǰſ쵽ŮգĲô죬˵˳ԷĻѲڹϣ
ɩ⻰˵ᣬ˵߹ˣɲ˵ˡһӻǼ׬ǮǰҲûмƽϹЩðĶ߹ˡ
ػһɲ뱻ԩͷ
߹ˣбŮҲ߹ˡ岻ĲûдǸ˵ͨģ⹫˵ӻǶԺŮ磬߲߹Ҳû
Է˵Щ϶϶ϱûǰ˵Ī֮ǰΪЩǳôǶЭҲùˡ
Īʫͷԣûݸ

 15 


ոô˵ءصԼԺӣͰŮйʵ
ĪʫɨĸһۣûжͲ죬ûʲôˡ
죬ĳɻżĺܣޣòһŮӣ˼ҪƸܶࡣ
ȻǴӲ࣬ƽʮִ󷽣ϰһЩ£̵ܴúô˭Щӣ֪ôأýƽǰ̫̫ٲ֣ھŮԼӡ
Īʫ𳰷Цݣֲҳɻ顱˵꣬ҲûԼ˷
⺢ӣô˵ġ岻ֹҲˣ취ɣڻа꣬뵽취ġ
һֱûͣ£ڻ˯ʮ󣬾ҲˣȥӺ

Ŷӿεģڻ鲻Ծرá
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ӼǺ⣬ǲҵ𣿸ô⡱
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š
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ֵֹҡҡͷʲôû˵
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Īʫһʵô˵
ֵ˷ܣڻУ˵ģа취

 16 


Ժڴ׳Ļ֦ҶïڲֹżУĪմ֡
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ĪմǱ۾Լ΢侲һ£̲ס˹ȥסļʵʲô
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ùֽǵĪ˵ţĸЩҪ˵㽫Ҷйɡ
Īл֪ʲôֻʵҪĪմû˵ֻСˣĪʽȫȥá
Īʫһֲ࣬ԤУ̽ʵãҪʲô
Īմۣδ˵Īзá
С˺ĪʽȥʱһӦǳ£صϱӸޣеܹȥ
ǣǹʲô¡ĲɵȵĪմǹȥһʡ
ĪˮΧ˹ȥĪմ֣ģ˻飬Ǵᾲͺá
ȻϡͿأ˼ᶨĪʽǲԾط
󷿣ֵҲ˹

 17 


ֵʼΪԼƻɹˣ͵͵Īʫʱ򣬶ԷֻҡҡͷŪһͷˮ
ǽйΪ£⻰ĪմĪꡣ
Ī֪ʲô飬ֻŮǣڿ˵˰ɡ
Īմ˵ˮĪлĪʽǣʮί˵ĸǿҪΪ
Īʽǳ鴤ĲɣϷʣ·˵Ůڸ
㵹ǿ˵ĪЩżˣӸղԺӵһϢ֪
ĪմͳոǷţ˵жǱû뵽ֵ羹ȻҸŮ˽飬͸˵ţǡñõˡ
ֵͻȻҲʮãȻֺܿ췴Ӧˣ߼ĪմԱߣɫã˵ʲôأôܸŮ˽顱
˵ֵЩ飬ΪȷĪմ֪֪Īʫ顣
Īʫ˵󣬺Ȼ뵽ԼȻ֪ǷԼùȥģָɣ
ֶЩģĪʽˣʵ
ĪǶֵӡһֱܺã϶üͷѵ黹ûŪأǸתͷɫֵֵ˵˵
ֵùǷţⲻĪʫŵĪմǷǷһ˲ԴһƬհףŶŮ֪ʲôϷΪ˵д˵ģǲʲô֪ˡ
ʲô֪ôҲϵġ
벮Ϸ찡֪ΪҪԩңҵּ
ĪнǷùüӹоһȷʵֵ֡
ǣŪˣȷʵǰֵд󲮸ĪҶ˵ʶֵ֡
Īմǹ𳰷Цݣ˵Ů˲ֲʲôֵ飬ȻԼд΢΢ֵָƷдġ
ǵģϱֵƷдţȻĪʫȥӣ˵ǿֵţȻǷˣԽϣԽǽϾ֪ôģȻ˵дġ
ĪȻ·ʣô󶯾ֵҲ֪ˣʵʵѳģֲֵдģĪմνͣ»ˣҲûˡ
Ī֪Īʫޡ
ʱֵĴ󷢣˵ĪմԺҲ˼ңԸΪ檣˵ͷͬˣĪմǸӣôҲϡ
Ժʮˣûгޡ
ĪմǼԥּ˵ţ԰йС˹ȥд֣ʱٶһ£Ƿһд
ĪҶֶŮƶףȴ¡
ˣƾһſɲܶ϶ǰֵΪ
Īմǹ𳰷Цݣϱӽƾô󲮾ͼᶨ˵δ˽飬εôƽ⡣
󲮣ҴСõģôҪҰС˽й˵ʮּᶨʵϣ治ģϾҲ׼
ãȥС˽Һúʡ
ĪҶֶŮһ㶼ʶȤǿӲظ˵ϹҲסˣͬ⽫ŵС˽йߣʱҪúʣͲˣһ˻ôû
ˡֵͻȻ廰˵ĿⶼдģǶԲҲϣҴ˰ǡ
ϵôˬ죬˵ˣĪմҲˣôͳء
ֵţոһֱ룬Īմǲ֪е飬ּ˵´ݲȣ׼żûʲôСͣӦһŵСˡ
֪׼ʲôǽĪʫ˵ǿˣһҪģҵʱȢĪʫҲĪմΪ檣òʧԾͳˣȡ
ˣвϣӰĪմǼ
û뵽㾹ȻˣԵŮ˻飬˻顱Īʽߺޣá
˽ǳĬĪʽһ˵־ûҪСĪһȰ磬ֵҲ֪ˣҿҲҪģͱŪôء
ĪʽסˣĪʵŮҪŮһĶ˳ɻ
Ī󣬼Щ뷨Ҳȥʲôû˵
ĪҶһǴῴĪʽɫġ
ȻǲףϾŮ
Īʽ⻰˼¶ؿںĲɸϽ˳˲ûн
ôõŮϧǸ¹ɲǰײ࣬˵ĸ˲Ҳ㡱˵ţ⿴Ĳɡ
Īʽûôȥػ磬Ů
˸Ů˽飬ڶĲͳֵŽݣ̯Ƕ˶ˣֵʧɫҪȥãĪմۼֿܹȥˡ
⻰һڵɫȫˣ˷Ȼᱻѵ䣬У㲻ʲô£Ĳɲһˡ
ĪմǺǵı仯ɢߵĪҶǰǽǰ˵ֵȻôõŮ󲮣Ҫ㽫޸ɣǡ
áĪʫͻȻһĪմһֱ֧ۣЦЦתԷû˵ʵڽ𣿡
ĪʫѾͰͣո˵˵Ļ붼ûȥס˶߿һʱ֪ô˵Щʲôöˡ
ԣҽҪ˻飬ǻ˭ͬ
ĪմҲûΪĪʫϱ޸ֵʼ鲻ֵһֱڶ϶ĲǮҲԽԽ࣬Ҳ൱ѡ
ʱĪմ˻飬Ҳû˵ȾªϰĺҶ֪Ϊֵ˵ոնĪҶ䳰ȷӣ˿¸
ã㣬ô¡
˵ˣĪմЦŽĻвԱУôҲ˻˵ǣΪʲô˵Ůֳ䲻Ĳ̡
ֵ˾֪ûϣˣĿѰĪʫ˼ǿϣƵ˵ʫã硱
ĪʫȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôæ˵Բ Ҳ顱
Ҳǣ˵
㻹ʲôҪ˵ģˣþۺɢɣ˵ĪЩʲô
ֵĪմǵŵһ㶣뵽ԼһڳǣҪʲôǹ͸ڻĽҰɽ·ɱˣûԱ
ȻˣĪմеһɻʼûʱ̲ס̽
ǲǷôõֵ
ǴСǴص𣿡ĪˮһŬԷһ۾ŽĻ
ĪմҡҡͷǣֵĪʫȥҷװǷţݺҵģµȦס
ԭǷʫϡϱӾֻ֪ĪʫڿǷţǲ²ǰǷŷڰǷġ
˵꣬ҲֻǵͷԣĪմֽʵǲô֪ЩģΪʲôǵȦס
ΪʲôĲɶ룬ϵʵ
ΪһΡĪմǽϱӵ˵˸ţ֪ʲôʱ򣬼Ѿ룬˵꣬һĬ
ĪˮȿڣʵҲǸΣȷ˵
ϱþĵأȫĪˮӡ
Ҳǡ
Ҳǡ
ĲĪʽͬ

 18 


һĬϱ鸴ӣϱӵĽеʹһ뵽»Ǹпе˷ܡ
ôˡĲɸɷȥ֮Ůûиĸţ֪ǹʲôӡ
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Īʽ̾תͷֿĪմǡ
Īմʵǲ˵ϱЩ£ֻǲݲݴ
ҲûжʣΪЩĵ飬ҪģǰԺá
ӦòѼҵø˰ɡĪմǼʲô˵ˣֱ˳ǶֻŮǰĪʽ׼Щӽ󷿣ͷҲΪ
ҪǻҾ͸롰Ĳеضɷɫ
ĪʽһϽ֣ŵʲôأ϶ᡱ
ϱôһǰͣβôҲὫԼѪˡ
Ҷˣӣʱмѡһ׵ġƢ԰¶ǴãԴ̣ĺܲȥ
ֻҪǼҵԺŮ޳ȥˣҲ˵ϻҡ
ɷ룬Ĳɺ⣬ֻĪմЩ΢ʣΪҪһˣҸⲻ𣿡
ɵӣһŮңʲô⣬벻ˡ
Ůֻܴǿϧˡ
ҾͲˡȥ˼ңĻԼԼ׬Ǯĥ
Ĳֻͷţ˿Ļϡ
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ϴЩڶ֪ôãСˡ
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ҹ£ĪСջԺӣѾ⡣
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ү˵Ҫİͷ⣬һþһﻹжӡ˵ţֻҪڣĴûԼ˷һֻǸӹˣûһȨ
סڣ֪ˡĪҶ߳ŭƺҪɳһҪǮ϶ҪģԼ˾ͲҪϡ
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ˣֵǮʱúúţԺȢٽһ
Уȥԡ
ĪմΪֵӻغùһ㣬˭֪Ҫ£˵ǴӶˣǳɻ飬ԼҲҲýˡ
þǧѣһĲţĲˣϱӼ£ָͨɫǹˣڼҴһһɣڵŮӣ㲻ǸͨС檣ޣҲùɣûˣ˵ĵطûС
Īմǲõĸ׸˵׵ˣΪĪ֡
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ʲôˡ
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ǵһ֪ǴֵزϱЩ£ǣҲûʲôϡ档
ĪմǸĪˮȣԭм仹Щ°
¸洵˰ɡ
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ҲͦõġĪմǵǼСøϱ޽֮ĪСԸ񲻺Ͼܣ˿϶ǰԼˣԾĪСһ۸ŮǮƣ޵˼ܵ۸ҲǺм֮һǼСݵòӡ
ʵ᲻ãһĪСд˷飬Ǽҹŵ
Īմһ˵ҲͬУ׷׵ͷ³Ǽø֮⣬ĪմҲմ˵ˣĪС¸洵߳ɻҲӦòü˰ɣһ뵽⣬㿪ĵˡ
͵浽ٸԭֻҪ⳥һ˽ᣬ˭ǼҲأʹ󷿳ǮҲû취ضڴεĶӡ
°ĪҶˣĪʽǵö֮ǰʶһλӣҶǹǸġ

 19 


ϰ壬үˡĪʽڲׯ㲼ƹⶬǺܶ򲼵ļڣҲеæͷû̧ʵ˵ʲô¡
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Īʽ⻰̧ͷԥһǳȥˣȥ϶Ҳǻ
磬Һ¡
ܡĪҶǰֿأ˵¥˵ɡ
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ͨˣΪζǰ˹Ȼǲׯϰ壬żȻҲ£мεͿĪʽϵȵĺòд˵ʱС·˵һҪܷƵá
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ʲôĶĹӿôЩֲ꣬٣ûˣ˵⻰Ƿ
ĪҶ˵ʵЩˣЩ꣬żɽ˵ܣͱˣѾʮˣȥӣ̳ɡ
ǣȻԭ򣬰ǲܰģȣֶ飬Ҳܵѵ˵ˣԹ򲼣ҳǸҪȥ£㲻ñŲҲʵǲǷ顣
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һӿ޿ʲôӡ
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үôˣĲǰʵ
Īʽüչ˵˳ҴСѧ⡱ʵҲǹ֮ǰԼͳŵĪСʮһ껹ûţ⣬ԭ꿪͸ôˣΪ֮ǰԲϵڡ
ĲҲĬˣûǴ󷿵ʱȻûԣҲ͸¶ԺׯĪС֣ҪǣɷӦҪĪС⣬Ҳûкʵȥܾ
ҪҲһʱ˵Ժ˭úã͹˭ĪСı£û취̭ġ
ĪʽͣðŹ⣬˷ܵŴ˵ãô족
ʱ˾Ŵθ˵һֱܺãһ˵ʲôǾʲôЩǲȥϾ󷿵ĶҲȥʱǹȥ϶Щ΢ʵġ
Ҫܸܵһѧ𣿡ĪմĸţҲ֪ô¡
ǰʱӲȻԺøߣֿ϶Ҫ
Īմǿĺʨͷû뵽ʵǼǵµģҲ׼õ˵µʱҲһѧֻû뵽ǾȻд㣬ǲĵġ
ܲһ𣿡

 20 


ĪʽֻǺ֣ңҸ¡
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ĲҲŮ˵Ҳѧ⣬Ժ˭Ȣ㡱
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һŵգרڳԷĪˮڸоԾ̧ͷɨһȦ뻺գӲһЦ˵Էɡ
ĪմҲֻڷһ䣬֪ǷӦô֪ڲӲʱ򣬱ǷҵܱܵȰˮСһ꣬ʱѧÿ²磬ǾͲòׯˣҾͲһˣҿ϶ñȴãҽߣڽׯܵܣûˡ
Ůһ˵ĲɸĪʽ𶼳ĬˣӲ16꣬ĪС궼21ˣ˵˭úãѲׯ˭ִ󷿵ӮŮҲȥʱŮӮˣׯ˭˵㡣
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˼Īʽû˵
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һԵĪС뺦ĵ˵ʲôĻ㼱æ壬귽һŴѧ⣬ܵܣҲӦ
ĪҶһϽͣǵûҲҪǶʮһ̰ܽɡѧţʱɲġ
ĪʽҲǸģֱ˵ûǸһȥ̣ʱ򰢴Ҳһ˭б£ԺҾͽӸ˭
˵뿪ˣ»еĪҶӡ
ʲô˼ĪʽӰתͷĪҶ˼ʵԺ󲻸ˣ֮ǰȻû˵Ժӻ˼֪ģ֪Īǲׯġ
ŮҲѧҪ췴ĪҶ֪ΪܱҲû취ı䣬ֻܶúѧţһҪûԼӡ
֪ĵǼĪСȷʵϣĪմһŮܳɵʲôСý겻ʮƽʱǵһΨΨŵŵأҪ˵̫ϲڣ󻹲ġ
ԴĪմδǼ½ˣÿлԭ˵ĵΣ񿴻һֻⷦǽ⻰Ǻ⡣
⣿ڸ˲ɣһδŮ˾Ȼͷ¶档
ǵġлԭడ˵ʱֻ֪᲻ˣȻ˵ˡ
Ҳͬ⡱˵ý鰸ϵĶһɨлԭվһԵͷȴţʱԸ

 21 


ΪҪѧϰĪմǸ˵ˣĪʽȥʱŮѾǴҲǰٸнҪǸӶãùԼ϶֮ãֻһŮΣ̾ϢһΪؿϧ
ѧ⣬϶һʱѧĪʽ׼ȽǴ߽̣̽ϤⲼׯĻȻٽȥУԼһԡ
ˡ˸عʱǲҲĪʽҲˡ
һȥ¥ϵ᷿Īʽ˵żӦ䣬˵ô࣬Ȼûһе飬̲סͿˣĪϰæ𣿡
æãֻҪ̼мѧҪѵ
⣬˭
Īʽûж룬ʵ棬û뵽˵ȴе࣬ĪһŮң㾹Ȼͷ¶
ʣĪʽһʱҲ֪ô𻰣ԵҲǼ仰ܽ͵ģҲ̫˵Ը˵Ҳûɡ
ԺŴǣЩͷ˵㽫Īй
õӡĪʽӦøղЩʧæ
ĪմǱһѧżأгҲһͷˮ
ҵҹȥźСˡ
̫λҲǡ
ӣǸ˰ɣԼȥҪĪմ벻ͨҲˣ˾ƿŽȥ
ӡĪմǴкվĪʽԱߡ
Īϰ˵ڸ⣿Ҳûкѣһˡ
ǵģӡ֪Ǻ⣬ȻˣҲʵ˵ˡ
֪ģֻŮôˬ˵üͷһδŮӣʲôӣԺҲѡȻԼ׼Ϊ檣ڵĻ£ңҲв
ĪʽҲģֻһ˵Щ˵ģ׼ȴŮȣлѣЩͲĵġ
֪ģΪԸأô£鲻ĪմҲȥʮº͡
ǲڹҶ¡ôǰŮ˱ˣǵϱӣ˳غܡ
ĪմЦݽˣֺɫˮһᣬؿصһѣôء˶٣ֽŵֻǼ£Ժе
⻰ѾԣĲ£ͱˣʲôҲԼɳе
⻰Ͳˣôһ˳еԼ֪֮Ů⣬ţûӰ
ԣҪ𣿡俴ûб仯Ҳȴ˸ܵһεѹȸС
ǵġĪմǼᶨֱ
ϹһЦݣͷĪʽ˵Īϰ壬ˡ
ĪʽߺЩգղô˵ġ֪û
ǲȻô˵ĪմǾѾίˡ
Īʽ뵽ղŵʣе㵣ģ̽ʵҪؼң
Īմᣬǰɣ֮ǰò˵ǣȴ༸仰ԭأĸ첲˼Ҳֻʣһ׸ʱܱ¡
˵Īʽ𻹵һ£ղ˵ûԺɻ飬Ҳ˼ô족
˵ʵٻһӣĪմǻûɻ飬ңЩ˳ɻ飬϶ܶǰĪϰ˵ģָֻŴ󻧲ں飬һ˼ҲںֲЩˣʲôɵĵġ
Īʽϵ⣬ǶԼеЩһֱϲԥЩĵ飬ͷͬĪմǼ⣬Ժ⽻Ů뿪ɡ
ǿׯĿģĪʽһʼͽǡ
ϣ˵ӶϨ˵ƾޣΨԺš
㣬˯ɡĪˮڴϴţЩһ˯϶˿˿ˡ
˯յҪǳɹˡĪʽ˵ˣһº󣬾Ҫѧô
һ˯ţĪˮ·𴲣ĪմԱߣ۾ɨ˱󣬼ǿ˼ڤ룬ʵеط𣿡
Īմ֧ԴҧţõĻҲֻǷܵţû¡ӣĪˮ̾˿㣬ʱһֱУ˱ʵﲻ̫
⡱ԼҲ벻ȻˣҲ˵ˣĪˮһⲻѰһ飬ĪմֻȻʵĸо֪ˡͲ˷ʱһֱˡ
Ĳ֪ġ
ĪմҲûпԼһԶ˱飬ûľǣȻȫᡣ
ͯôᰡҲû
Īˮ˰ۣҶˣͯأǴŮðɡ
պĪʽˣĪմɻˡ
Ǽӣأһ˹һӣĪĪβСһһ
ð壬ô֡ĪСȲʵ֡ϽֶָأҴСһ
ôĪʽȻˣǳǩɡ
ǩ˵ͬ취ĪСɫͲˣⲻǲ𣬡壬ԹųӦ
ĪմЦˣ⻹ԴǵռأԹŶǼȣ˺ӦŮ
Ϲ֡Īʽĵ٩֮⡣
ĪСɫǺ죬Ҳûм˵ʲôһǰĪʽİ취
ѽǱ֡ĪСֽϵ˷ڸǲסˣߣܳ鲻ǩעģĪӣҲǺܺõģɼ
Īմǵû뵽ôˣˣ˵׬ӣǰ֮ǰ㣬ֲ˭׬ö˭ܽĪҵ⡣
ˣҪ֪ĪȥϽǱߵĪǲׯҴһվ֮磬ȻüƶԸһлԭźô̲꣬ס㵡
ɢȻ˷Ըˣȥɡ

 22 


Ͻ£һƬٵľһҵſ߽һһҲׯˣᣬĪǲׯǿǼҶĿԴׯ
߹·һС¿ŴһɴۡСߺţȻ⻰һûãſھͼˡ
˰
߰͹١
ĪǲׯĿˣǻһȫˣĪմڵϣ۰ͰͿŶӱΧˮйͨɰġ
Ӳż찡ͿһµĲׯ
͹롱
Īմǻһ߿գƹӴϡٵĿˣ̧ͷȥⲻǡ
ӡҲǰкš
Ц⣬ûͷǳԾ֮ǰĪմǵλá
ôˣⲻһ˶ûУĵʵ
Īմǲ֪ʲôϴη⣬ͦ˵ģЦ𣬲ӦòɣҲûֻ˵ôæôЦأʵ˵ˡ
΢΢ͷĵ˵ѹ̫Ҫ;Ұæ
ллӡĪմڶ棬ֱϸƽʱӴ˵ЦݣĻҲûôϣⱲʲôĽңÿο鶼ͦӵģʱ溦̲סʲôǷ֮롣
ԭΪֻǿżۣ¶ȥˣǿԴׯȻǲ׬Ǯ
Īմѯ׵ʱҲǲ֪
⻹˹ˣЩ껹ûġĪʽѾ˼յˮûʲô˼ֻͷ취Ҳȥ롱
ǿԣиɻ󣺡ͬжѹԺҵʱ򣬻ǰǰ
Īʽ֮ǰû뵽һֻǣʱ˵ʱҲû˵⣬ԾǰգȻȻΪƫء
ƫôĪմĹĵطⱾҵģ뾺ǻƣŵġ
Īʽҡҡͷ̫ˣӦõ飬ô㷴ء
ĪմҲֻǱԹһ£ûмȥ
˵ʵԴׯƳɱѹۣͬУټϾ˭Ҫ׬ǮĪǲׯˣбĲׯ⸽ţѵԴׯҪһֱ۳Ʒһ㣬ĪմôҲ벻ͨ
ԴǿźĪǲׯһ춼ûٲ׬ǮƹСǮġ
˵ǱôĪմ˺þã취ûף˵С
Сԭһ㶼ͨЩӸҹҲ΢֪˵㣬˵ʵٸ£
ǵģٸĪմԼҲû˵ȥѵĪǲׯҪ𣬿ǴøˣֱӰܱ뵽ͷʹ
治֪ǲׯĸӰģڸʲô
ųӣʵ̲סһ䣬СˣԼҹʮֻֽޣɫզá
׻˵޾֮·ϢԲ£￴飬ȴȥһˣʶĹܼҡ
ǸܵĿ⣬Ҳ߿һۣܿתˡ
˵ƹʮֹ뿪ĪմҲûвгһֲ뷨
ڹٳ࣬ûʵΣǺµۣҲʮֿأһˣôûֶء
ϱѾߣ֪һгǸĿĲݵˣĪմǶҲһֱĴη⣬ºͨҲǾҵ
ֻĪմû뵽ôУôСۣһɵˣûĻҪԡ
֪أһλȨص׸һͨˣĪմķң飬תת
Լӣʦó𣬶˺üˣ𵽳ʱЩûáһӺݻĸ˿ﻭӵʽЩա
ԵĿԵġŮֱۣ
ǾĪմǰ澭⵹һˡ
ĪմϵøղλŮģϱĳһ죬´󷢴ȥΣͬеоүҲδʺϲ⣬ңҲԸ뵽⣬ĪմĨЦôڲزסˡ

 23 


Ҫɻ𣿡ĪմǺסˡ
ǹһЩԱߵһθɣλһá
ĪմЦЦȻڽָԼ˵һϣ¾޽С
ڽû˵λ˾ͿˣǼµϣȫõģġ
ĪմûĻĿһֱŮϣһݣʮģȴЩȻ֪ϲҲһ˵ĸȤ
ðøҿ
ǹţŤڽǸŽȥˡ
ǽĪմǸں氵һЦݣⲼϣɷٹã
ڽüЩˣʵʲô˼ƭʲôûС
Īմ죬һ۵ļ˿ʮԣоԼ˲СĻ£ͫԵǸ⣬Ǻ׼õĻ˵˳ʮֱǸⲼȷʵûУұ֤һġ
Ϊ㡱ղΪ⻰
ʱ䣬ұ֤һù⣬ʱԸǵĲϣĪǲׯԸ޳ϡ
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룬ڽȴˣŹ˵ˣȻתͷʵֱ˵ɣҪ
Ůˬ죬ĪմҲ׼ίˣֱӽԼĿ˵˳
ڽ꣬´һĪմǲеĽأϸǣЩӲŮӦ»벻ʲô÷ӣӻȥ
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ĪմԣЦԲ϶ʮִۣպ󣬲ùʧġ
ڽĪմ׼ȥúòһϣȾ
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̰ɣȰԼˡ
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ǰӿҪˡĪմǹǣҧгݵ˵
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ҲѹʱСеӵвŲ͵ˣţǼ⡣
ĪմǿôġԼЦˣЩ˾£ȴһʵذοˡ
ˣĵ³⼸ֻ֣£Ϊ
һŮĵײԾЩģ֪ʲô𣿿ǲӦðúСˣֻǵԺ󱻲˺Ī˵ˣǸӦö鲻ɣ뵽⣬̽ʵĪγԣ
Īմͷ濴ţһֱ۳ۣܲӡ
ԭ࣬ЦĪʱ˲ðˡ˵ձһߵĵϣȻĪմûзԸ޻˲衣
ǲĵģ뵽ôСۣͿأ㲻ʲôӾ鷳ˣȨ֮ѡ˵Աš
һʱ֮ЩĬ裬һڣЩĪҲˣ㸸׻ǰأԺҵѡȻһ̼֮ŮԼϣʵ벻ʲôϵİ취˽£õҲȼƽôࡣ
Īմǻ֣̿˵ݲ࣬һУҲƺ鷳ˣӣǲס
˽ңкβף
кβ֪𣬲װɵˣĪմ鸴ӣ֪ǳʲôĿģϲ𣬻Ǳģ
ɵôΪǣֻϱһϲŮɫʮ귿ûһŮˣĵؽͨд˵ǣģˣⱲֻյɲȥլԺ
ôˣҪôãһֱû˵̲סʵ
ӣϡ
֮ôˣҪףǡ
ĪմǱŵվЦҲûΪĿھͲģҲûʲô˵ģҲ˵ˣԺҾͽ㰢ˡ
ĪմЦһ䣺磬ҿԾܾ
òװߣĪմͣеУϹȾ鶼˳

 24 


ĪҶȾõ㶫ȴԶԶŶɫȹֶŮżֽ˰ķԸ£ؼţ˼òζôûȾأ϶˵̶һ
ô⣿סһԱһµʵ
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Ѵӽ˵ƹԸţ¥
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Īմǽ֮ǰϸ˵˱飬Ľŷ
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ǿǮͷлԭϡ
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벻ͨׯһҲׯ棬²ӦΪ˴ѹǶĲׯǣҲ˲ˣ治һͨͨˣΪҪԸҪг𣬲ƾǹǶӵȨƣǶ൱ףΪʲôҪôͼֶΡ
ȻĸֻǷţͱˣ
ڻִⲻ˵Ҳ޷ֻȥˡ
ǲĪմŪʲô޹ظҲֻ˵ȾһҧǾһʱɢͯӣͲˣĪǻزš
ҵǧڽү飬ǳ֣պܶնΧӭ׵·ϣ˳ɻ֮⣬Ϊշ̸ʵĻжմĻ
Ȼö˵ˣǸе𾪵ǣǻᷢ⣬ô飬һվڳǴˡ
һЩٹ˼ҵŮҲ֪£׷ȥʲôӣһ֪ԭⲼΪҹϽĪǲׯһϡ
ĪմվڽԼˣɻ鵱մţ֪ϣĪմҲûţͽҹõľϣſչ
ڴܿͱţ˵ϡΪ󣬸տʼҹֻĪǲׯУȻñȽϹ󣬲Ǯˣ˹ŮŴϴӲģûûһǹӹҲ˵ɹ
Һ֮ǰϳ㣬ĪմǺݺݵش׬һʡ

 25 


ˣˣǲׯסлԭû˵꣬Ҳ˼ǰǲ֪ĳѧȻȾܷӣǰЩʹĻڳǳ˷ͷϽֵĪǲׯҲһյţ
˰ɡ룬֮ǰƻҲΪƣ뵽취Ҳоĵġ
ĸǱ߸ѯʣȥҲǸ취Ժ˵ɡ
ĩʱĪʽЦǽһϲ£죬ʱ׬ñ֮ǰһĻҪࡣ

ֶĿҲ۲
Īʽһֱ֪ŮǸϻ۵ģ£ǳϣ֮ҲеϧҪжĻ̾Ϣһȥ
ǰҲҪѧŵ㣬ԺͽԼԺĴ˵ˣʶĪСҲ⣬æͰѻͣ
壬⡮ҹ˺Ҳŵһ
ˣĪСҲĿҲ𾪵ˣһֱĬֱڲ˵ĪĪβ۾ɢڴĹâĪʽ
ʵĪʽҲû뵽ֻǣŮǲӦֶһ˵ĿⲻԾͶĪմǡ
Īմǲô˵ĪʽŮòӦĲ²أҵȾġҹŵȥɡ
ԴǶ̸еĴϰ塣
ôͲСĪСЩˣûĪʽ˵˵ã㲻ô˽һˣֻҪ׬Ǯĸһ
Īʽͷͣ粻˵Ҳ׼ҸÿôŶӣ˺Щ˶û򵽣ʧӰһ뵽ÿ춼ôû򵽣ĪʽʹĲѣǿǰ׻Ӱ
ĪմȻ֪ģֻػҹŵȥôºĿô㡱
˼ɵľĪСǼõģҹŵȥ¼ºĪǾ͵䵽ˡ
ĪʽҲ⣬ֻãӵĪСУҲ취ûʧȥЩӣԺɾͲһ׬ˡ
ĪСû뵽Ů˾ȻҲ뵽飬Щ죬˽ʲôԼĪǵ˭УôҪӦЭȥ׬˵ӡ
⻰Īʽ룬ֶĻҲŮ˵ǰǣ˿ɲ˽
ĪմЦˣ۽ǶųЦ⣬Ȼô˽Ǿͽҹӡ˻ûüˣתֻÿ춼˼ƥҹǵҵĿ£Ρ
ŮĿһϬ̴ĪСǵ˼øȥָĪմǣ̫˽ˣһ˻˼ƽϡ
ĪʽδŮһ˰Ŷ೤ʱͱĮҪ⣬ָΪĳѪˣһ룬Ͱ֮ǰŮµĲׯļƻ֮Ժ׵ȨˣȾҹȫַ֣͵ȥ
ʲôЦĪմҲһŴС˿̲˲⣬ߵĪʽǰҲͬ⡱ʲôʱȾĶ
ͬ⣿Ҳϰ塱
Īմɨˣȫͨһ൱ί᲻ˣЩƣͳҵزˮ
һſǻϱͣһԼָЩǷҪֻýȾҹķˡ
ΪոᣬٻŵǻΣһλŮ
ȾҹķһֱĪմУҲۣȾĹÿҲǷֿģ˵ЩȾ˺ܶΣҲ֪ȷȾҹ
ûĪʽ˵Īմת뿪ӣıӰֿһ㵵Īʽ𣬴֪ǽûϷˡ
˵ġĪҶӻһ¥ϵ᷿
ĪСüչղŵȫ˵һ飬Ŵӷߺ޵ĪˣҪͲŶĽĪǸһС
ĪҶһʼҲ룬Ƕܺ۰ԼŮһҲΪĪմں泳Ӧ棬ϲĽĪǽС
תһ룬ĪմҲģҴȥ꿪ʼܾͶǼ̬ȱĮ࣬úŮҸŮţҲǲܡ
һ˵ˣĪСҲý
ˣǸô족ǰиŮҲǲܣֻˣ߲û֮ˣ
ܰɹֲˡĪҶһ˫С¶˲ĺ⣬ĪС˵Ĵ㡣
֮ǰһλľ⣬ûǸǮҲûһڻؾⲻ
ŲӵǮȥľ⣿ᣬէһ⻰ǻЩģĪСѹյԱٴȷϵ
ǰʱĪǲҲûϵб⣬ĪҶϸ£ĪʽûзòˣˣʱҲֻ˵ԼӪƣһھˡ
ĪС룬ӲУ족
߹ĥˣĪմĿĳ˵⡣

 26 


糿Ͻ֣˲࣬Ǽ˻ǹӿŵģĪǲׯſڣĪմǸܵһĪĳҲʮֵغãӵţֱӾȥ˺ӡ
ЩæƹػûǰŸϹˡ
жʱˣȻУҲУֻϸµˣԽԽͿϸµҹϸ¶һƥû١
Լûϸ㣬ǸоĿԾ飬û˷ǹһȥֱӵƹʡ
ƽȽæҪȥȾҪ˵꣬Ŀ飬ƹ
ƹԼҹɣЩΣ˵ȻҹǱ¶һƥвٵϹ˿ͣҪ۵ģԲû׬١
ĪմǾ鲻࣬ǾþǴҲô࣬ʵƹʵڲ̫࣬硱
ҸʮˣʵڲĳĪϰңαôڡ
ǱɣոջЦͻȻͿˣϾǸߵˣĪմҲü׷ȥ
еǵɻûȥƹֻ͵ǲеģ׼ðȫİ취ϸµһ飬һĹ̡
ԸΥÿרʱƹҵʡɹⲻտһ㣬Ž
ɫҪһ𣿡
һĪմû˵һֱ۾ƹҲûлرܣӭĿ⣬ĪմЭ£㿴ŰС
һֱϣƹܻĿ⣬ʲô˼ѾԶˣϰ壬ȷʵǳʵǲֱ
룬˱Уܹȥ
ҲҪ˱ȥ𣿡
ĪմƹкеĿûз˼Īմ⻰е׻Щ䣬üͷ壬ҲЩ䵭ƹԽˡ
ǾҲϰ塣
ԴĪմǿʼѧ⣬Īˮϲ˵ֲ˭֪ģ㾹Ȼǰ
СһͨȥĪմǵԺС
ԴˣĪմҲֲˣôȥ󣬾һֱճĽͬͬסղС
ңҪ½˱һء
ǰɡĪˮ˳ع⻰һʧվĪմǺ汧ʵΪʲôҪӳʲô
ĪˮȻûһ⣬ȴָƣԭÿĪմǶ˵һ˵飬ҲûţĪˮ˵һ顣
Īˮ£ҲûһԱš
ڵϿȴʱʱǱߴķ̾Ϣ
㣬ôˡ룬ǴЬȥԱʵ
Īմͣ˱ˮˣЩյ˵̫ʱ䣬̫ľˡ˵ʵ֮ĿЩƽʱòϣƹ֮⣬ǣϲĶһ飬ʵҪѺܴ󾢡
ÿѾԼ˲٣濴в٣ܲ
Īˮⷭ˷˵˾䡰ҪҰ㡱ƫͷʵ
У𣿡Ǻȷ
ôУƽʱ㿴˻𣿡˵ţϣĪմվһԥһñҲͷߵһЪϢȥˡ
Ĳ˵һȷʵ࣬ⲻϻûأѾõˡ
ô֮ǰǱĽг𣿡ĪմǶϸĲƥдۣһ顣
ĪˮҡҡͷûУû˱øĪմǣǸ˱˵úöడԭ۵һˡ
˶˱ûб۵Ǳ˶ǺţĪˮ˳Īմ·ϸϸһˡ
ϤĹ˿ͣ˰ȥǰδеô飬ƹȻ˵ء
СССȥˡ
㣬ƹɡǷǳʵҵҲǷǳΡ
֪Ȼģȷʵ֪˭ģüĽ壬䲻ķա
ĪˮҲû취ֻԱ߰ο䣺㣬ģͷȻֱʱȻҳ˭̺ôġ
ڶУĪմǽ˱Żȥû£ƹȻҲ𣬷·¾ȥˡ
⻹һغǸعһʼСĪմڶĵҲ൱⡣
ˣҲֲˣ˵˼仰󣬱Сȥ¥ϵ᷿д
˼ְûתͷʵ㲻𣿡
⻹Щ飬ʲô£ӸС˵ˡĪմԹ˵Żͷû̧˵̫ƽҲеúܣÿιҲûʲô£æ׼ʱġ
Сճ˲裬һԲɫŵ㺮⣬СҲܵˣС̺
ҲΪΰǶԽԽ㣬ѵûϲԼ𣬲ӦðϱӰǼϲýͨİĽΡ
ѵʱû̫СδԼڣò˰Ҳ޶ԣĬĬ̾˿˰ˣٵˡ
ҲûôˣС˵ҹй
ĪմǱǲС˵ɫ̫ãô˵ҲǸүûǱµ˼ңеĻ
ӡվǰû׼£Ը
ӣµǲ죬׼֪ٲĲ
ĪմǻΪʲôأˬһЦ˵Сһ¡СԸȥ˳ӹ
Ĭ֮Ƶ˵˾䣺ô˫֣ǲ𣿡ڵʣĪմǿһ̫ƯˣҲ̫ϤˣԼûϢϱ˫ӣڻƲϽͷ˵ȻǣҪǲɡ
û˵ĪմǵĬˣԵСӣԸӡ
ȻˣС䣬ڼǴ·ܿǽʵ⣬Īմվ棬úܽŵԷϤζĲӴֳͦűֱʵܺÿġ
𣿡þûûĪմǸʵ
ǷǵĪմѣ֮ǰųͣڰеֶ˶æţֻǻ֮£ûý˵¡
Ǹ̫ƳŮ˶¼ӣЦ⣬٩š
˱ģһİˣ˭֮ǰĪմЩ棬⻰һӾͺˣ񼸴γӶû
˺棬ǰҲҪģĪմǱϰеķ緶ŵӤʵС˿վǰרעţĳಢǵһοֻϱӣԷǸ·
ҲԾסոҲˣ־û½ǣӦڻͨء
ԸС飬ϵ˳羹Ȼ˽

 27 


дʲô𣿡
СһĪմǾͰеѯʣΪҵЩʵ˼Щᱻ׵ش˭֪ס
׹ףСĻȴŭ𣬴ϿǻǴ˰۵ģȥʵʱȫ˵һͭ嶼û٣һ˼˵ĪմֻǴ߷Ӧô໧˼ңͬ˵ûˣм˼һСԹʱƹ˵㣬ƹ˵ⲼȾףٶҲ˲ˡ
ĪմĲ뻳ɱˣ鶼ôˣȥɾӱܣ˳ƹֺЩʧȥˣȻö˵
ʣһЩС˵ʹӶͳ֮ǰһɰӣΪһǸˣĪմùӣ˵࣬Щɻ󣺡˶٣оʱ˶١
ᵽСͺܵ⣺ҪúÿˣԭΪȥǰæЩѣû뵽޹ȥһ˵ӶûҪͽȥӣ޲֪˵ʲôҲǳϡ
Լһȥģ˵ҪȥҲҺȥˣȻҲô˳
ĪմûС£ȥʵļ˼ңǸǴԹ޾ɣҲܲһöԷôϡ
СԼҹӣң˵Ҫǿܳ桱
Ը棿ĪմǸɻˣǵݵλĪǲĲһ㣬˽ҲûбĽ龹ȻԸ棬޲ͨѾͷöԷز֪һ˼ңǲܡ
ڲǾʱ漴СȥղȥȽϽļ˼ңϣɳ˹
ƹΪѾˣû뵽Ȼйѯʡ
ƹ˶ģ
Ȼ
ĪմǿվǰͷȻ󷭿˱һ£ƹ˲˼Ҵۣô֪Īʲôʱѧ֮ǰԴǵ
ƹ֪ԼҹôͻȻƽЩ£˵ʵǰ̫ܵģȻȻҲӦ׼˵ȷʵиһЩ˰ֻۣЩ˷Ǹ󣬹ﲻõԺ׬Ҫҹġ
ȥ˱ȷʵǰ˵Ű۳۵ĿǷǸˣҪȥ飬Щ˼ҿҲһССģ뵽⣬ƹòõʲôɢվñֱ
ĪմЦˣ˭˵üһͲ֪ʲôȻҪװɵôҲûҪĨˣƹҲǳϸǰˣмǴ
ûûСͻȻЩˣҲǳé®СôܱСѾͷס㰴֮ǰ˵
ȥˣǿɶ˵ûбһͭ塱
Ůᶨƹֻը˼һеİ˶Щ飿ȻǲǸû˿⣬ĪǼǴˣǸǱһ롱
ŮûнӻǴЦһ˫ֱֱؿԾЩ飬֪Ӧʲô飬ЩΣ뱻žֲɲǵķܣҾǸǰۡ
ĪմҲµǵϣȷʵģСʵǰҲϣƹָһߵ˵ƹ֪Ǻ⣬ǰ˼
һʱ֮䣬ںܰżĪմǷƹЩѰ˼ȥǰ²ؾˡ
СͷĪմƹ񣺡ƹһ飬㵽ûиЩͻۡ
ƹ񿴵ССϰʻҲЩģǲҵʲô֤˰ɣתһûܰЩǮеλ˼ңôܻǶأһǾ֮ǰ˵˵ʵİġ
ĪմǸСʹɫСܿͽſڵĽܼƹ񿴵һͣⲻ鸮Ĺܼ´󾪣һʱ֮˼ࡣ
Īմһܼϴιҹûбһ룬ǹܼҼᶨ˵ûУ˵Ŀⶼ۵ƹϡ
ƹʱˣ˵ʵ
ƹͷðϸСĺ飬ǿԼ򶨣ǿһЦ˵˵Ҳһģ˭֪ûˮ
ϱĪմŮ˴򽻵Ƚ϶࣬Źܼ޳ܵ۽磬⻰˼޷ǹܼҸ˰ۣԸϱȷʵԭۡ
ҴҵȻкܶ©ܼ⻰æŭ⣬ɲҪѪ磬ʱҼҶ֮Ըӡ
Щ˼Ҹӵķʽܶ࣬ЩԼЩùܼͣʱʱٸĪÿôˣҹĴԹҲֻһңֹȥжʱˣƹȻǲ̫׼Ըղڻæ֮һܲĽڡ
˼ӦĪմС˴ƹҲϵǣһ̫ξ˵Ѿߣһ̫ٷ˵Ѿߡ
Īմֽ֮ǰ⵱һ飬õĻͬһ𰸡
ƹʱ޿ɱ磬ɫҰףͽղ˵ĪմǿòˣСͿͣԼںţһ˸ӣллһˡ
ƹҲڰô̰ģһ̰ô࣬ϸˮȥ٣ͷǳԶˡ
Īմǻݣͼƹݺۣ˼ʹļţҴˣҲô̰ģϰ嶼ҼãȴȲ顱
ӲˮְϣǰСϰ壬ʮֳϿҵػںޣٸһλᣬұ֤ٷ
Ůϳһϴ˵Էһ仰˵룬۾һԭû᣺Ҵͽ֮ǰõùȻʹΪ˲٣ܼ⣬ǱǮҪͲҪ˰ɣֻҪ¾ͻ̵ô´βһһ̾ôࡣ
ˡ
棬ġƹ¶ϲɫЩţ
͵ϵǮƽһ£ԺͲˡĪǻȱȱز⣬൱տ׸
˲ܿ飬ô˵ЩҲΪĪǳ˲ƹղʹģӲ
һСܶʲô𣿻ΪԼǸϰ尡ϴˣߣʸ
Ҫ飬³Ī̵ĺôˣƹҪʶȤĪմǿϣֽ棬˵
һСѵƹδ棬ŲӲȻȥϰ塱Сﲻ£ĪʽôŮôƵ顣
Īմǻ治£ֻϲ鷳˽ĳúܣʱҪȰһҲͷۣǰնϣ˵Ҿ̱٣֤ҳ㣬֤ټĸۡ϶Ҳмˣʱһ˱һ£֤Ҳˣƹη𣿡
ƹŭĿԲɣֱ¶ЫĳŮˣȻô棬ĪմǼһըӣ治֪жƽѵƹΪôôĪ̵ˮдҹ̵ӣ¶±˰ɡ
ȻûϸǱӣ㣬治٣Ѱ˼Ķ±ˡ
ƹˣĪմǸæˣ컹ûȥȾҪˣҪȥȾûм죬ܲˣҪƹ񰡡
֮ǰƹʵ˸ŵӰóóȻѡİƹԼͷϡ

 28 


Ҿܾ
ϣĪˮһԺ֮ʽ㾹ȻȥӰæʲôЦʱ⣬ֵഺ٣Ϊβڼ˯ţţţƫҪȥ
ĪմǻûԤϵԷܾôᶨǰҲᾭԼʲôģҲûüͷΪ㲻Ը
ΪҪܾ
ԼӹúúõأΪҪȥ㿴ӡżû£ʲôЦ
ʱʲôԭأԭֵͷǸҿĪǵģҲǸ㿴Ӱ
ˣȥӻα˵飬Īմǲ˵ʲôΪĪմҲˣһѰǰ⸬õˡȥϲġ
ĪˮΪ൱ɣֲСӣ׸ȥͺˣͲ
˵ƨ׼ˡ
֮úٷԼŵСƢټϾǸʮŮ̫˵㣬ǿҲȷʵ̫á
켱æǰסǸˮҴˡ
ղĪˮҲֻǸղƢˣ˿Ǹͣ˽ŲֱҲ׼
ŷĪմǾ֪ûдˣǼ͵ȷʵǿ㣬˵̽ذĪˮǳϡ
òԸһʱҲʵˣӵ˹ȥ˵ʵͦĵģ˼̲סٴᵽˮҪӦ죬ҵʵƹвС
Īˮû֮ǰᶨؾܾ죬ҵõ
죬ǰûҡΪԼܹˣԾûˣ⼸ʵ̫æˣһ˹˲
ðɡ
Ȼ鲻Īմǰ˳ڽ첻õˡ
ĸǣǰĪˮȥӰæδʮַԡ
Īմкܶ²ģĪСҲûţգĪҶе鷿ڣϸ׬ΣĪСȻʵ˵ˣ׬ǲ٣Ͻλȣ˺ܶࡱ
ĪСɥɥأûһʼǰģȻм±ŽûˣĪմ⼸׬ñһĶ࣬ô㣬ͬ϶డĪҲˡ
ľô˵ûȻԺûϣ²ׯڵͷȨı·
ĪҶҲΪ˴£ϰڴݷһϺõ̴ľȱӣʱٶͶ㣬ԺǾǴϰˡ
ȱ٣̴ľܹһҾߵģõģҲһļͥҲǺܿɹ۵ġ
߰ĪҶ˫֣Сᶨ
ôࣿĪС뾪վĪҶͼöûϢӣԭλã׬ҲడˣҶ࣬ôЩһ׬ٰ
ĪҶԼĶܣĵҡҡͷô˸ô͵ĲҵÿۻҲô㣬ҵľͲרľģһǼ궼׬öࡣ
ǣǮ㱱ӵĿ֧ܣҲó߰
ĪҶȻ֪ûôǮһ͸˰취Ǯ
ǮĪСԼЩףȲ˵˭ö˶˵ؽǮǽǮ⣬һǲͲˡ
ӹǺĪҶ̾˿ϵģ㽫ĪǵѺȥˣǱڲ𣿡
ô족Ȼ彫ӽܣ׬ͱ
ǸһһҲûϵҸɣʱʹ鲻ˡ
վС𾪲ѣǶ尡ӵѺ׼ǮЩ뷨ͳԤϡ
ĪҶɸ֣ĶͷôˣĪҳӣ֮ǰû׼Ӹ㣬ҲöôΪ룬˵ˣЩġ
ΪĪҳӣ֮ǰæˣԭøĪǲׯҲĳˣҿƻŮӮˣߣҲǸӡ
˵̰һʹΣֻҪָ㣬
Īˮ⼸ϽֵӣûôҲû㹻ĵط
㣬ң죬ҾԲ׼ȥȾĪմǡ
֪ҵһʵģҾȥֲŵôÿ춼
˽㣬Īˮûţкˣһλ˽ܲʱſֽλˣһŮһУǶԻУĪˮ²ӦԱλ˵Ķӡ
λʲôҪ𣿡İ󣬽еĿ˽˻ƣԼӭ˹ȥãһ۾סˡ
˭ҵ꣬СĨ˷һ𪣬\ˮģĨЦݾ͸糿̫һãŴլԺлļ
ϾСͶʥģʹţҲʧ̬ʰǹеЦ˵ˣӣҪ򲼡
Ǹ沿ԲӲ棬ʣӾڻϸӿ𣬴ϲõ˵ҶţЩĲϣ·
꿴࣬Ȼţòһ룬ĪˮǺøм֡
ԭĪˮͷֱؿǰӣӱСһ죬ĿⲻȻתǱȥˣӣĪˮǻϲؽ
Ҫ˼ֺɫǷ˺ƼģŲϱȻһ£ǿԣִŵ
֮ѡɫĲ⼸ֶҪˣҿҪ١
Īˮ̨ùӣ֮ͥǲţһ㶼ҪĿ˴һС
ǹ𣿡ⲻɻǰĴ󲿷ӣŮƹƣҲϴģߴٲ֫ӴɣһŮ
ôã
ǲǡæ֣˼ҵɫĪˮһЦȻ֪Ϊʲôôʣ;кܶ໰͹˼ȻǾ߰ɣҸú
ϾСȷüɫǸ˱㲻ٹˣԼ￴ĲûԼϲġ
귽Σųӣվǰ˫չĳȡ
ʮˡ
л䰡
δԼĸףǴδŮôŵ޵ζӽӲʻҲԽǰ
ĪˮƵļûͣʻǣ˭
СԣӢ
ˣһ㶼ϣô֪࣬䣬վűֱӣĪˮĴ󷢡
ӢܵɻػͷһֻŮָ
㡱ôֱ֣Щʧ񣬱㻻˾䣺ﲻó𣿡
Īˮӣţ尡ģ׼
ӢŽɵصͷȻϣӱ֮ǰӲˣҶ
ǵƹŶƽʱģӢʱ氡
Ȼ֪˻᲻ĪˮƹҲǿԳɻˣﻹܸԼɫһĵˣԵ˵ѾҵƹʱԴǽ˵һ٣㰡㻹һˣƽʱڼҲû°ʲôƹˣԺ
Īմǣ
ȷǿЦĪմѡ¡
ϱĪҵҲЩ˽⣬֮˹ȥŴ󷿣ʵ֤û
ˣҪ¸Īϰ𣿡ղ˴ĪҴ󷿽߰ȥ⣬ûϸȥ飬Ҳ֪˵ɲһСĿ
϶Ҫ˵ģȻǼע⵽£ô飬ôǵÿǼңûǸйһ
ԵͷлԭҸʱ佫͸¶Īʽ
лԭ뿪ŵʱཫסˣˣԼ
ıˣ£ø˵źá

 29 


ԹĪʽֱӸ˵ûƲĪʽ˼ϣԼⲻСӹҼң־ͿԣҪеεġ
ҹȾϣÿȾĲɣⲻСĲׯȾֿұ⣬Ҫ⣬ֵѺӽǮ飬ԺĪʽˣĪǵУһܹ
ҲȥŻֻϣܴ㣬֪ѶˣĪʽڣĪҸ׵ĽˣһŮҸֵȥԺ檣Ҳ˿ࡣ
ϽԴ˺ȥǶҪʱ䣬ľ粻ȥʱ̫࣬Ǹ˵˼仰ӴȵʱҲȥʱȥȾ˻߻ؼˡ
õģʱ٣ǲкˣʱ䣬һȥ¥Сһ
һ뵽Ǿ͸һ˿Ц⣬лԭȥϽ־¥˵̲סĪǽһ㡱
ԴԼҴ˼лԭκηԸϰΪ
ʱȥϽֵĪǲׯĽֱ˺ܶ࣬ҲûˣһűɫСϵĲƥǰк
͹٣ʲôҪ
ЦúǿʣźᣬĿ޼ɵͣϣȷʵɵŮ˵һμԼסӣǣھһСƶҪôÿġ
ġ
ǡӢҡҡͷǣҾʱæǰ˺Щ֣򲼾򲼣ô࣬ȻЦôеס
æϰʲôϵ
ʲôϵ˵ʵӢҲ̫֪뵽ĪˮСܿһĨΣѰɡ
ѣͷЦѾסˣżûͽϺˣлԭôµģһϢûĪʽôŮģûӽܣеĸһ磬᲻ſȡֻ֪Ů鳤
лԭѲԼҴ˵ŭ𣬵ͷн˵Ļϸϸһ飬ȷʵûᵽ˰˲ӡ
ǰѽйɡдһЩ侲ѹŭ˵
ӢϾδֲϤˣ⻰ֻΪԼ͵͹ֻܷģϰѣҲæʲôҪֱӸ߾ͺá
ȥæģ೯лԭһۣû˸ղŵĽӲЦݣӢ˵йǡ
ֱӽȥģΪŮụ̂ԼҲŶ䡣
Ӣ˺֣ô˵˵žͱˣֵʲôҪˣǽȥĪˮ
Īˮʱ򣬼һ㶣ӡ֪ݵģֻû뵽ͻȻӹʲôҪ𣿡
Ҳһ㶣ϻǸղǲõı飬˿̼üͷһ壬ô㡱ô໨һ룬ǲˡ
ӢľڵԼĪˮû˵ͽӹȥˣӣҽѳ𣿡
⻰ֿŶˣ漴ӦˣĪˮӰæ֪ģһֳ֮ǰº͵Цݣء
ҽ棬ҴӽȥɡȻ֪˺£ɫãĪˮҲһϾҪ⣬϶ûùӳԡ
ãԼȥδ䣬ԷѼҴˡ
ĪմͷҲ̧˵Ͽͷ鴦ˡ
˽վ鰸ǰٳδʻ̲סȿˣôæ𣿡
ϤĪմһæӡ
ɫ˰ؾ˹ˣԼ͵־ʱļʱôÿμô
֮ǰμ࣬ĪմǻǱȽϻֵ̿ģˣ;÷ˣÿԼֲҵֻͣеĻȥӦ
ȻαõӣĪմĲ룬ҲңϱӶ˽⣬ʲô֮ĺǽڷ֮ǰϵֽ̼ύ˵ĿģȻҲŪԷĿģ־Զ̬֮ûдġ
ңĺ¿ƲסԼģʲôû飬ΪÿμҲĸожˣ͸ϱָоһʵ̫ˡ
ţ˷ʱ䣬׼ϲ裬Էֹˣǣ𣿡
ûСʵ˵ˡ
һԾ¥λãһȥ
Ȼʱʱع˵ȥûйģĲĽӴҲûʲô£ÿι죬㲼һʵûǸҪ̸ֲ⣬ӣ߻ЩҪæʵѲ
Īմһ˵ţһ߹۲ɫãԷûʲô˵ġ
һϧԭ˵øѺӽǮ飬ȻǹôæǾԼʱɡ
ȵȣʲôѺӣĪմסҪߵˣһϿҵؿ˵ӣܲ˵
ԷҲĬţĪմǺܿ췴ӦЦһȥŰɡ
ǹﲻæ𣿡
ǴˣôЩ׾ܾ𣬻ǵһ£Īմ²ţȴĵЦݣæҲҪԷ𣿡

 30 


ǰǴҰŮأδŮһȥΣʫ߳ԸټĪմǲδˣһȥԸ
£ֻǺȿˮĹ˾ˣǳ緹ʱлԭֱӣȻ֮ǰͶˡ
Ӳ󣬵ʮ£ǽϹֻµĹϣһգһϻͼ˼֦Ļ
ĪմŵһരǴ򿪵ģͨͥԺⴺĽ֮ʣľݶ
ϯϵĲ˲ֻ࣬ÿһǡϲϣЩĻôȵ±ƴҲ
ǵ±ȵǾ¥Լ±üûȵϲ˵Ҳԭģʱȥڹ϶ȥµһЩʣԲߣԼֲԾͽһߵȵ˳ԡ
˼ã˾;ζ̫Բ£Ϊ˲˷ѣͽʣµȵ±ǽ±ٺ٣˵治Ժϲ±ȵʳԣͨһҲû䣬Ҳ֪ġ
Ҿ¥ͦģȻ±ȵһ㲻Ǽ𣿡
ǰͦġ
ûشҲȻĪմǲɵؾǲԼˣ˼ڣʴø飬ȳԣû취ֻܰĹȳԷ
Ǹõˣһһʮؽ֪˵ˡ
ĪСѺĪӽ߰ӣȥľ⣬ĪմԽԽϤⲻϱӷôǰˡ
ĪӵĪСܵǼĪǲׯǴ﷢ҵģҹûʱҲãԵصĿһ飬ĪСԵ˿Ϊ˽ǮȥѺ
˰̰ľ̰ģûԭҲҵһԵɣϱĪС׬Ǯ󲮲֪ľ׬Ǯһξ׬ĪһǮԽֲׯ󣬾Īȥľ⣬Īʽ֪ͬ⣬ʱĪѾǴƿأûжٻȨҲҪӵģò̫ͰӵѺ߰ϵһЩȫͶľˡ
ֻ뽫ľãȻûаѶ˼ڲׯĪÿ¶ҪһԭϣȾϸƥǡĪСǮµβҪʣµӸĪʽֻȥ˽Ǯ
ׯ糣Ļʲô⣬һ׬Ǯ͹ˣУĪСǱߵľ˲Ѫ޹顣
Īǲׯʵֵ߰ĪСľģŵһ¾ܻϣԲŽ赽߰ľˣҲҪߡ
ĪʽԼѪˣ˽ǮϤҲ˽⣬ӽ²ŻϣĪʽĪլˣǲ׼Ĳһȥһٽӡ
Ҳȥ;ˣ˫˫ɥ
ĪҳˣӱߣסլҲûˣҲûɷ֣󷿴ŶӸ̫̫ص£Ī˵ȥӺӹȥˣҲûϵ
󷿵˱ӣ˶֪ҵĶǺܺã֮ǰӸ󷿹ܣ뱻˵лӶͦģʱҸ˼Ҽˣ׬һӣ֮£ǲž˴ߡ
ܹǲģԶҲãûй죬ĪմȥĪˮһ˵ļͰȥӱϴˡ
ĪմҲ͸˴󷿵뷨ȥ˼ѾߵģҲ˸ȥ
Īմû뵽飬ȻǰˣɫѵЩĥʼѲĸҲվɷ
뵽⣬Ծð亹ˣһģһа취ģ֮ǰδ鲻ǱϵοԼ룬ȷʵЩЧֻҪ취϶ܸıġ
ǣ¿ɲܵġ
ʼŵӣ֪뵽ʲôһνӣ̲סѡ
ллѣеס
ԵҲˣ׼ʰʰˣ̫Сô龹Ȼһ㶼ģȥûҪǲܣĪܾʹܣʱĸѣҲСĸˡ
˵꣬־ԼҪȥѣĪܲҲͦãʱС⣬ðǱٳˣ޹檾ǣҰĴġ
ĪմĻξˣ˵ģϱӾѵҲǣóȻȥʣǣ˻Ϊаֻ˵ó
ӣô鵽øѺӽǮˡĪС벢ûнܲׯЩǿ¶͵͵ģܴģһôô֪ġ
ֻǮׯġ˸ڣûϵЩ޹ؽҪġ
ǮׯģһǮׯЩҲ˵Ҿ㿴һҲȥøҲûʲôôȥôء
ӾҪȥʣΪʲôøѺӾôأһ⣬౻ͱ˵Ŀ⿴Щڡ
ҪܾͱܡҲ˵ˣĪϱҲûϵڣܱһƽӣԺٵٻ
ĪմǺ֪𰸣֪ǲҲһģͻִ̲סĪܣҸĸпȥǮǮ;пܻÿܻҿܻѾߣͨ
Ŀԣڼ䰲϶شһߵĴ΢罫ͥԺĻ㴵˽һϺ쳤۹ˣվŮǰɫףʱõһ
ּ̧ԥʲô˼òҲǣҲǸһ
֮ǰֻɣڵӣĪմѾǰ˷ֿ϶ˣҲԵְٸнҲ˵ԼǸˣѹ˼ǣϱӿܾŶֻļ̧ͷ뿪Ц˵ţϾܰٷְȷֻһᣬ˵һЦˡ
ǸˣԭԼһ̲סԼĻУ֪ߺһôġȻ˶ļ꣬˿̣һжû䡣
һꣿֻѹһ껹˼˵粻أĪմƵأҲûƿ
˽§øˣֽ˵ǰһ꣬ⱲӣҶûôʹӣһصڡ
˵һȥˣĪմǼѽͷðʵȻЩ⻰ĻСȸԾŶ
ѹ֣˵ȥ֮ǰ˴ûнھ̸ԭΪ֮
ǣⱲǾԲֿˣȢ㡱һ֣檣Ⱳ춼һ
ͻȻ֪ĪմǺܾȣ֪ȥһҲˣ޸жֻǣû޸ϱòף޸ӣȴʲôҳмҲкܶ⣬ݡ
Ժ˵ɣѴøˡϣҲһ˿˿ڴԲŲܾĻ˵ú
Ҳ¿˵Ҳûټ
Īմǻصӣ׼֮ǰͷˣȥҸø飬뵽⣬Ҳһ飬ûһ˼
ûߣĽˣǰ˼ڼУԴĪմǳ⣬ÿҲֱ
æʲôⶼˡ
Ľը˵ǸԵģԼǳԵòֺĪմʱĺĽȻͬ꣬ȴˡ
һĽ廨⣬߷߲ƽ˵˵ˣڼⶼҵ֣ڼľҡ
˵ãһ˵Īմǲɵ뵽ǼҺҲˡ

 31 


ǼûܱЩ£ôԼѼܱ뵽⣬ɫʵĸΪβˡ
ҵһӣʱͽ⣬ĽĸϽţҵһֱܣҲֻǴЭѡ
ϱ˵û£Ҳû׷ʣŮӾҲٹܼҲ⡣
ôףڲܽҵͦõΪȻ˵еըš
һʱĪմҲ֪οڣʱҳ£ǵĽҹһΣǿĴû˵ʲôˣǼеҲû룬ֱĸʣ׼󷿻ϼҲȥȴĸ˵Ҳˣ˵ʲô¡
ΪĸĽڳĻѻ˸ȥôöûˣһ·˾լǿŵģϸ¾Ͱˡ
ȥѾͷʱ˴ˣֻһҰˣĪմҲûټˣŻϳ⣬һȥ˱ĵط˰ɣĪҳ»ϼһ
Ѷĺѣ֪˵ЩʲôֱܲӸ٣Ŷ
ʲô˵϶ҲУõĽը˫磬ؿ۾˵Ľϵǧܴ⣬һֱǲĸһ棬òĸҲȫְȻ⣬ֲֲˡ
ô⣬һֱûִ⣬ΪϽܺûͳˣ϶ûã͸Īһһֱׯⶼɴøһûþͳˡ
ĪմȻ֪ʲôԭˣҲܲµõĸ⡣
Ľոô̻Ϊʲôأһ˵⣿⣿ѿԷԼ˫֣˵ѽ϶֪
ɶŮּ࣬㣬ĸ̫ģϵ²ܴ⡱
Ľ±ȸղŽ˼֣ʱ⣬ÿ϶࣬Ȼ˵Լû
֪ˡЦӯӯصͷֲҲҸҵѧ⣬Ҳùȥˡ
ĸҲ̫ˡǼҳҲûӣԺ϶ҪеģҲСˣȻһ㶼ںѧǹʲô
ĽԣӵˣŲ֣ҵã˵ҲôģԺССһӶô
ǵúúĪմǹ°ʹȤĽȻƽʱֵģҲǸʮŮҲˣСػΪ㲻
Īմи֮ǰĻ˵ҪȢⱲ޳ﲻԾһ˿ڴ
Ľһ̬سĬðŰµ̫ս˼ʵǲǿļҵĹˡ
Īմǻعѽ˵ʲôأֻϵ顱ֻûһƲأɲ˵֣Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ǵĽĵݸãչҪģĪմǻصͣĪʽ˵˴󷿵顣
ĪʽûѲׯҵĺôֶصϱӸޣû뵽תתûб⣬ǰˡ
µֻܱˡҪ϶Ҫģ籨ʧԣùٴȥңǴҲǸһҲˣ󻹲ҲܵӦгͷ
ĪʽôǰǾôԣҲĴø磬󲮸жͱٵģһˡŮʲôãʱЩĮˣҲЦ
ҲЦˣĪմھܣôЩ꣬ôûԸ׾ôһĳأ˵ģϱǶǴ󷿼˰ɡ
ںˣϱճȻ٣Σȥӽ˳㱻˽ɱȻūţôס
ԽԽҲǰϵȰһվ˵㲻ȥĪʽһ㶣漴ӦصӣҪ췴ġɲҪ췴ƣ첲һ˦һ˦ţں濴ӰסؿڴڴԺڼҪˣ챻ʱһ¡
һţԭΪŮˣҲ׷ˣ˳ǲТŮקˡ
ĲɴӻصԺʱ˵ǼҴҵʽ𣬺м£Ҳû飬ܿ͸ϹˣûžͼŮˣôҲ˽ܷǰɣ죬ק
ѽĪմǲһϣ
ûĲ˵أĪʽȥˣģڸ˵û˵ǰɡ
ĪմƲƲûӻĲǸŮֱʵʲô£
Ҫ˵ҲûԹĪʽǸղŵĿ˵һ顣
˵˵òñ١
Ĳɣ˵˵Ҫô飬޺죿
ûĲ˼أֽˣû˵˼Σ˵£Ȳ٣õҲûãػõû
ܹ鲻ϱӣȵһ̲֪һʼͱ٣ȷʵЩ飬ο²Ż´ǧҪִˣĪҲȵ͵
ǣѾͶȥء
Ҫ٣ҪٰɡӵֻɣӦòôͶľͶˣһľ⣬ܲһΰһǧͶȥˡ
Ĳһ˵ڳλҲͬûٶ˵ʲô²˳٣̽ˡ
ûãĪСĪҶ˶ڣ໥һۣһĪҶͶЦʵкμ°˵ţֱߵĲƵغһڡ
ҲͲǹĨˣǸϿѵѺӽ赽߰ӸҪĪʽãֱӿżɽ
ĪС뵽׻ᣬ⻰һӻˣ֪ô죬³ͷĪҶŲֶ˶һʱ֮䲻֪λأ֪ǽǮľ飿ֻ˵ӵĵûˣ̽һǣ飬ֲ̽
Īʽ֪ʲô֪϶ʵʵϣ㽫Լ֪˵˳ô׬ǮҲܣֻӵҪС
ĪҶȻɻô֪ģڲ˵ʱ򣬡ܣ㿴ӵѺӣʱ׬ǮҲָ㰡
ڰҪǹһ
Īʽһֱ֪۸ֵͣЩҲӸͶʣˣΪʵˣû뵽ڻôס
ϾֵܣҲؿʧܣĳǷĪҶýȥǣЩҲʧһһΡ
ǲҪǱȥˡӵУһŮ

 32 


ʱĪʽһӦֹһ뵽ղ̵ӣȵһȡ
ĪС뿴һֻۣŵؿԼĪҶĪʽѵŮأһֱûԼˣǴ飬һСȥ
ĪմȻÿڰף˵һ飺ٲӸҪֻñˡ
ĪʽĲɼĬĪҶҲǵ˼ȭͷһԱߵӣôûζ磬󲮣Ȼ˵٣
ĪմǲںЩ˵ǵģĪʽЩ˼ȻûѿȷʵЩף磬ҲһҪ٣ϽҪΥԼҲеġܱһǧӴˮƯغá
ܰ˲壬˵ˣֲǲ㡱ĪҶûɿڣʼվܲ¡
˭ҲЭһʱ֮ĬֱĪĳ֡
磬硢ɩ
ôˡ
ġĪմǣͦñֱ㲻˵ˡ
ԭӱȥѺӦǶ飬ôҲǶ˵㣬֤
򵥵Ī˵һ飬ֶĪҶ˵󲮣Ƕģ㲻ȥҪǱҲûʲôɡתԱߵĪ꣺壬ûʲôװɡ
ĪɫӲŻûдӸղ֪лֶŮҧҧ˵ʼվΪѣȷʵԣ磬ܲСǰӡ
ĪմҲҪֻǲԺݣǰٿĪ磬ԲĪ꿪ڣ
㷴ˣ㸸׻ûأںʲôĪҶں󺰣ɲŮͣ½ŲЩżؿĪʽ𣬺ԷҲûֹ˼
ĪʽʱҲھᣬϱӵĿ粻ͬ⽫ҪѵҪЩ𣬴ҲǸģʱٲһܾͬˣٻӴ¹ٲҲὫִһһŮȥˡ
߿ĪҶûĪմǽ̤Эˡ
УУȥҪаɡͷ˳
ã鷳󲮽ȥɡ
죿Ҷ˵˻ὫҪûҪô߰ɡ
ϵʱԽãʧԽ࣬ĪմȻٵȣû취ĪҶ˦ӳȥˡ
ĪʽҲû飬ڼеϢ춼ˣǲ˻Ҳ֪ĪҶ̸ȥˣԾˣҲ֪ȥҡ
е飬Ŷǲݲݳ˼ڣһĵţµֵʱĪҶڻˣɫЩá
磬ô˵
ĪҶɥ˼¿ˮû³һ֡
㵹˵ѽĪʽһ߼ˣĲɸĪմҲĪҶ
ϰ壬ˣ
ˡͬȻĪҶһϱӾʧܶҵõˣλûʼأˣĴǣǲŵġ
ôöûǾͲ²ĪҶǲǹʲôãû뵽ǡ
ĪҶҲܵǵģǲ֪νͣżǱҰ˵ĶģҪô족
ߵʱţܽȫҪûǵ죬ľ˵ȫȥľˣ뷨Ǻõģûչʾ
ⲻȥ˲ӰÿԹȥ˵ûˣԺٹȥľ飬š
һֱڶûˣǰûģ˸ʣһϴүе֪ŰҴҵˡ
ƽ˴ŰҲʲô飬ĪҶͶǶӣ⻰Щżģôû
˲ע⣬ǽȥֱסķ仹鷿ֹصĶûˣԽԽ£ϽܻؼҶһ취
ĪҶɫĪʽ˿ҲɻˣѵģҲ޷̽ˣˣǱٰɡ
٣ܣһϰô족ҲǲǺܿ϶ǲǾˣҪһᣬͷżľ⣬˵˿ôС
ĪʽȻῼǵû£ᵽʱүϰҪˣǿɾˡ
ͬ뷨
ʱˣĪҶôҲ޼ˣ΢һ£ǰҲ˾ͱ٣Ҳˡ
ʧǣڶ컹ûҵˣĪʽֱӱ˹١
ٲҲ˵ˣƽʱҲ٣ҵ޼׼
ԣǱ˹٣һºò߰ӣ⼸ӾҪϱߣصĪմǻصӣҲ¡
ӹˡ˵漴Ŷ룬ǶغܣƼԼҹû˵ĬĬˡ
ôҪǰһ£ǰ鷢Щ
ϴ˽˵֮ûĿ
ⲻǽһûءô˵Ҳĵ̣ͨһǺ
ϰˡҲΪ¡
Щɢ⻰Īմô֪ģ

 33 


ϴ˿ϲ̸֮ûֻϴζĪҶ飬ûü˵
˵ģҵİ
ʵ˵֮ǰĪմԼԼҲ²⣬ϴС˵ôٸЩ˷ǳϣ֮˵ԼģͻɹΪ󷿵鵢ˣûʱȥ롣
ңʱеһ뷨Եǣǵһ£Ÿߡ
ǰ֪Լģĳ޷ָ𣬵һһ˿ҲǲܣҲûҪţڲˡ
֪뻹һ½ˣ𣿡
Īմûϼִͬ⣬˵һ£ģѾǼȥǸϰˡ
ƽӲ֪ȵʲôʱأҾֵˣҲֻԵһ£ҲҲ͵Ǽһ¹ȥˡ
ǴкǰЧȻǲһġ
лл㡱ĳŵĪմǾޱȵķģҲʵл
֮䲻ôִӿ̧̽Է֣ĪմԥһὫ˻Ϊ󷿵飬ѾûйЩҲԼͷһƬʱ򣬳ŵһЩ顣
뱨ٵѾȥʮգʼûϰϢȥӾҪˣѵҪԴ
һȥǮҹǿ϶ܺܿ컹ϣ֮ҪΪϱӵľǲڳ˽ӡ
ҲԶȥһҲûʲô
ĪմҲֻͬЩģҪȥǹһЩʦɡ
áĪʽհ֣Ǵ⣬ȥֲǵһΣʱ䲻һġûҪǸǮ
øӵ£Ҳǰ𣿡
⻰ĪʽĬˣѵ޷ϱӵ飿
ھ֮ʱĲɶ˵ģһʱˣ۳ʲôûԴŮɷ⣬ܵҲˡ
Īʽò⣬Ĳ˵ˡ
»Ůİɣһ˲ô족
ʱĪʽʦȷʵЩۣ˵ûϱһٷǾ鷳ˡ
ǺãξҹȥڼҴš
Уȥǲϲɷֿġ
ҲҪȥĪմǽ˵ͬʦ³ʲôӣһ𣬶һˣҲһ
ϹʲôûüȰԸأһ䣬úȥɽˮһ
Īմϲ⸱ӣʲôϹ֣Ǻƽȵ˵ôܰɰܼһܡ
ʹһƵÿĲɣòá
ܹҲôϵ飬˵ŮҲˣⲼׯҲѧˣһȥ࿴Ҳûʲôãʽ𣬾һɡ
һϣĪʽüͷ˼ͷˣʰһ°ɣȥʦߡ
գллҲлл˵ɱȥ
ȥҲͼʱ䣬СʰС
㲻ȥ𣿡С˼·װЩ죬û˵Ҳȥ˳
ȥ£æأڼҾС
ŶŶϵЩʧ䣬ϾгŵĻʵ̫ˣԶţʰ꣬ԼҹûзԸ޳ȥԷźסˣɻؿûߵ˼ֻʾߡ
ʲô֪ģСţԼ뿪ˡ
СŵϿĪմǲע⵽Ա߻иûߡ
𣿡Ȼ֪ģҲûһƽ͵ʵ
ȥܴҹȥ𣿡
ΪΣ
һ书ܰﵽ֪Ҫȥݺ󣬷Ը粽رԺΥƫҪȡ
ĪմҲˣ˵⣬޼Ȼİع򲻻̫˵ʦһеˣһݰȫ˼ˣҲͬˡ
ϵʱĪʽͰѼ¶׵ڶһһͳˡ
磬лԭѾβˮҲ֪ô£ô
˶ã³֮ȥǵģ˼ˡ
лԭէһûӦ˵˭ʱˡ
ֵһһ֮ǰĹĿȥǿȥǸϱĪʽȥݱͽɱ顣
˵ڣܾòģЩ¾ⲻһĪҴ󷿽ӵѺӣĪʽ𲻴ĪСܲׯµķ˭뵽ʽǰˣôͽ᲻һʽǽɱ
ԽԽģϹģлԭ
磬ȻʱͣأǸˡ
ˣǰд
Ҳˣ㡱һӣٶȸϹȥˣȥ룬ֻ㿴ǰǸʲô
棬ڴ򶷣ע⵽ҲУŲӲȣмеҲһ²ӦʦˣԱߵľϣмſ棬üһš˹
ǣǡԷ޶û˿ڣ΢˵㡣
лԭֺһĵؽǼ˽ԼԱߣ֧˸λˡ
û࿪ʣ޾˵ˣˣɺҩġ
ǿŵķˣнѣֽԱߵĪʽĲŪѡ
лԭ򲻴ԸЩèķͽ¾ͽˡ
лúǲΡΡʦû֪ǵݣֻΪǹ·ġ
ˣҼҹĪҵѣôˡлԭʦţһ߹ȥ
ȼĪʽǶûʲôºղŷ顣
ԭ羭ʱȿڲ裬׼ϢϢ˭֪Ȼɺҩ޺ܿˣǼֻ˼ڣĪմû㹦εˣʦ޻ܳŵǶԿ
ɻлԭ޴ʦȥӣųʵĪϰ壬ϱӲǰ·ͽɱ𣿡ûǸ˵ɺҩ顣
ĪʽʵһָֿŮ㣬㡱ҲûʳĪմȻ֪ɻ󣬾ͽҲ飬˵ˡ
ĪʽŽ͸ղŵ飺ûУϱǰһ·ͽɱģû¹ʲôɺҩŵϻԵķͽңλһһ
ϱͽҲ𣿡ʵ
ĪʽͷĲɸĪմҲؼ֣ѵ⡣
лԭ㽫ǰлʡ
ʣҲغܣͱƳһЩ˵飬ȴĪմϸ˼֡
ɱ˵ˣʲôˣ֪ͨͨ˵
˹ϱ˿ۣѾˬػش⣺ʮ꣬Щ֡һϣ˲Լͬüͷ
˵û˴ṩϢһͽ˵ǰʱկӣڻء
ǰʱʲôʱĪʽʵ
ʮ֮ǰɡ
ʮգϰҲʮǰߵģĻôϰ壬ΪʲôҪɱأǶû棬ǱڳǼ涼ϳҪɱҲɱ󷿰ǣ
ĪմɫҲһĲҲǵ뷨ˡ
ǹȥơƲҲǰ취ĪմǾãǿ˲С

 34 


ȥկץһˣòǶȥ֮лԭһͽץ
лԭ򲻴õǷͽˣʲôͷկ˶Ըһеùοʡ
ľϿҲûڵɹɹͨ죬ԶȥıӰĪʽջĿ⣬ȴҲ˳Ĭֻ֪õʲôϢ
ཫһһ棬ǽȰɡ
Īʽ˵ллŮš
·ķͽ֮ǰ̹лԭı죬һ·϶ʵʵأլӾȥǸģûйûз֮±лԭѨ˹ȥǷͽæסһ͵ղŵĲ
Ǹϰ塱ĻڵϣýŹʵĪʽվһԣһҡҡͷ֪֮ǰҲû
ࣺ
͵ٸɣǲǸϰ壬ɱɡ
˽۹⣬ͷͬĪմǵ
˵ûϵǲǸϰ壬жˣĲɷţȥݽӣͷٸһʣܾͰ³ˡ
һ˴ظֱȥš
ǰȡȥǾˣǲǼⱨ
ĪʽĴ׼ģתͷûҪߵ˼վĪմߣĪմҲܵɻԱߵˣӣ㻹𣿡
ûпֻһĪʽ𲻽⣬Ͼʲô飬ܰæء
ڻ·ϣľˣ˵ʲôû˴ֳ˻ߵ˵ˣҲǱƭկӵģǾץҲûð
ĪʽҲϻʼùġ
˶࣬ΰһֱҲãĪʽĺ󱻴ã˺þãżϡ
ɢ۾İصһţȻ΢ѵˣ׼ھͼվһλӣе㲻ţֱӣͷǰ㶨һǣվߵԱߣͷʺ򣺡׸ˣ
ӵĳƺ̬ȣòȥ
ûԼʣԱ߷˸ӣҲһĸղŵ̬ȣʣʱ߿׸ɫ
׸һȺˣһ˴Ϊʲô˭֪ȴ쳣˳ⷸ൱ϡ
ѯʻؼ⡣
£ղĪʽ˵š
ϣҴˡͷģðֵĴͨ졣
ΪҪʵ
Ҳû㣬һһʮͷβ˵һ飬ڼǰǾͶסĪҶúͿʼƭ⣬û뵽Īʽô֪ˣ˵ĪҶҪĪʽԺ鵽һ·ϽˣԾ󻼡
ôĪҶ֮ǰˣô֪Īʽȥݵ·
˻һһȺ˶£ǰô֪ģ뵽֮ǰĲ²⣬ɫǴȴǴ۽硣
ĪꡱſĪʽҲĪүҵģЩҲһġ
ֱ˵˵Ҫ˵ĪҶϼ֣ܣǣһֱܾǸʵˣǸһ𲻴οûޣҪЩʲô
Īϰ壬й֪ˡ
йΪλҪ߽Ȧףʱ㻹˵ʵĪʽҲûģ£޲ǰĲ˵ʵ
ྲྲ
ֹõһͷȥĪĪйʻԸ󣬿ɫδ䣬΢
Īѭ浸أ磬һҲ棬ץʻͷһΣĪʽ촽ϣɫЩģ󱳰ο£ֻʵʵ˵ͺá
ĪĻȥϸʼѶ
ո˵һıռĪʽҲ˽ɱд¡
Ī궶Ļļͷһ߻˵ˣ죬ô顱
ǰĵܵܣһᣬ϶ԼҪҪһ汳ġĪʽָ˵
һʼճĬ£ʵ֤ݡ
ᶨˣС
Ī̲סˣڹ֮Ź£˵ʲôҸԩ޳ΪҪݺҡ
ԱߵĹٲİ£ѿ˫֣ҵѣҧгݵ˵ҪҰɣĪ갡Ī꣬ҺıɻµʱôĪʽʶ׸أҸ㣬ˣҲù
Ȼ̰ƣݶ֪֮ģ֪ʲôʲô˲ǣһЩʱΪĪʽһͨͨˡ
ץ˵Ҫ٣Ҳ£ŻͷĪӴһ϶ܳȥںˣĪʽȻ׸˵ǻˣҵҲǾȲԼȻˣôܸĪء
ˣġµԼ˵˳
ĪǱߵһԶݣǰ˱ǰʱĪ˵ĪӿҪ׼ڵ֮ǰıĪŪһӣǶ۸ֵ͵ĪҶ
ɹĪҶ׵ӣû뵽ܿ챻ĪʽĪõϢϽǱܱܷͷĪʽ׼ȥǮɽ鵽£ҷͽˡ
ĪʽԱܣӶת´ʲôǶôϣʱܼȥ˵ߣһͷϣ
ĲҲޱʹģ˵׵ܵܣദôʱ䣬Ͱһˣǲ󷿾ҸҪӣǿԾЩǣ˭֪ȻǸĹεġ
ŹڵϵĪմǣãǸĸôѹ
Ī꣬˵ÿʵ
Ҳ¾ˣһ˵ϣٱҲˣʵ
֣Īʽһ˿ϣ̣кöʵĻ֪Ӻ˵ֻʵʲôطԲģҪ飬УĪʲôʱҪˣ
ʲôʱҪ㲻֪𡱣Ī̧ͷתЦһ˵ԺĪǽĪСǸʱ򣬺⣬˵һһΪˣ˭֪ȻŮȥĪǲᵹ
ĪʽһûȻôСԹ˵ԼǲûǵǸָ̰
ղŵĻҲѲϱӳЩ£Ҳģѹ֣ѹûܵûεôܻܵء
Īʽһ۾һͷ˱ִ
Ʋ⣬ĪմĲҲͬ뵽ˣԸں˸ͷ˱ִ
ǲŹˣ࣬ûʲôʾ̹ףηʮأĪΪڷɣݣʱһĿնʾڡ

 35 


Īҳô£Ҳͳˣ⼸¶ʮ־³
үүϷҪʰ˵ҪϼҡСܹ󣬵ڶĪһ˾ͱնˡ
Īе֪Ϣ˹ȥĪʽȥƹĪһңĪʽȻǲϵģĪֻÿԼСܵӦеĳͷ
ڴ˼գˮ˵㶫׼ʰϼҡ

仰ܵģЩҪһվȥˡ
ûһҲŷĪеԺӣĪŻǴ󷿻Īʽûд
Ҫϼҡ
ĪʽȻʣȴվڱʰûйȥȰ˼ĪеĳĬҲԤ֮Уûйϵ˵ţϼһᶨӹȥ˵һ¡ĪҶС׺ŮҲˡ
⻰һĪصطеİתĪû𣿡󣬿ǰ϶飬ʶ
ҲǣԼ׵ܵܶµȥ֣ʲôԡּʰŶĪҶˣñ֮ǰҪҲдȣȥǶ⣬ʱһ˶ûУ㲻ǵ֮ǰôȥģ
ǴģϰȥŮߣһסţúõأͻȻһ쵹˵ϣȥңʬ嶼ˡ
ȻĪɫͱˡ
ոն˵£ҪǰĪҶ϶ȥţЩе飬ҲգɣҲû֮ǰҰˣµǣԺﲻǴ󷿻᲻ᱻϳȥĪҶղŲôס
Īʽ̬ûڶȥûǿҵ
˵ȥδ
֮ǰ˵õӵ½󣬾޻ȥôһ⣬˶û£Ĭˡ
ַһҳûлػվһҲôߣҲû̫þŮ˷ʱ
䵭¶ϲ⣬ϽصǳʱԼҴ˲˼ҵ꣬ںòиϲĹȻϣкýģֻǣ̾˿жʱˣ֪ҴǺ⡣
Ǿͳʱɡ
պã̫߸ȴ΢紵棬߽ѱõĴϣɾӵǴʱ˼Ск׷Ŵ֡
Сʯͷ๥ԽԽ𾢣ֱڵץʪţӲ׼ƫĿ꾹Ȼϡ
лԭϽţӸɵ׻˺ۼûбİ취ϴȥۼϧЩСǣô죬ԴʮſһŪˡ
족һۣתϴС֪£һԵͷվǱߣҲ˵ɢ
ĪմҲϰǰֻû뵽ԷȻ硣
ǲˣ֪أ˾Ȼԣƣȵǰǰ嵭˸ղ˵Ρ
˵Īϰ
˶ĪմǶ棬һɫۣ徫á
ǰתͷӣЦŵζ
û뵽شôˬ̹ȻΪһ˼ɿأϾ֮ǰͲôϲ̸۸˸¡
ԣҲͬ⡱
ĪմǿǰˣͻȻЩαЦǹҵأȰҵġ
ȰԺ޸ң𣿡
ΪʲôΪġ
ͬ⧲ǰȻʱʱǰգҲԷûʲô˼һȻԼˣԽҲûʲôա
ĪմҲͨˣİɣ׻ϲڸϱӲһˣȻݻǲ˵㣬ôˡ
Ƕػһˣ˴ϲʵûҪΪЩ޵⣬Ӳطֿ
ģȢ㡱ѾԼΪǷ壬סĪմǵ֣ԷûƿѾ˵һС
޳ԼҲ뵽һͬһ
ԣҪ˵Ȣ㣿
λŮڴϣ𣬲ºĪˮͷؿ
ǰѾ˵ˡ
ǣȢ𡱳ǵ׸⣬ǹүԺգȢһ̼֮ŮΪޣͬ⣬أĪˮһξЩ򵥡
ʵĪմǲûЩʼվã˴ϱӵڣһ٣ֻҪһģЩ£˵ˣǰĳʵۻȢ˶ӵŮΪأܱȵϻʵۣ
ܰɣҲܶһˣ㶼ȡֺαظһأڵĵĲǵҸô˵Щء
ʲôõģⲻ˵ˣֹ޸Ӳɡ
ĪմǵȻֹ֪޸ģԴǼº󣬸׶;˵ҪˣܾԸס
Ӣͬ׸ǵ˽ҲǺֻܶ࣬ӢҲʲôƶ˼ң׸ոõĻѾˣֻû뵽滹и͵ġ
Ѿֿˡ
ֿˣǵǰʱ˻úõĵأôͷֿˡ
壬ûɻ飬ҿԶԼĪˮܵĵãһĪմܵ˼ִŵĽ⣬ҲУ
ĪˮЦ˯ˣǻģһҹֻĪմߡ
֮ǰΪĪҳ˸ϱһ£ʱĪմΪģĽϱӼҲ£һ¡
Īմû뵽ĪҵŽѼҾȻˡ
磬Ľ۾أһھͱޣ޹ˣĪմǲԵɡ
Ľʵ˵ңҷҵ 

 36 


ô¡ĪմȻ·׼û뵽һ顣
Ҫ֪Ȼ׸ģĽһֱܺãƷвʶˣмӣϱҲû˵¡
뵽ϱӣĪմ˲²⣬ϱҳ£ѵҲйأֻǣų°ѵΪǼҵǰˣҲǰˣ
ûϸϸĥĽʼ˵˽¡
ǰ鷿￴һûţݾдճĽȻģʲôᣬģ˱ȥ̽õĽʧˣңʮ˽ӡ
ΪʲôҵΪʲôҪǺܰҲܺ𣿡
ĪմǸͷᣬļı껹£ôҲֹסĽ޵ҡЩ޴룬֪ôο·еĻô
֮ǰһ㶼û𣿡ʮ˽ӣʮ꣬һ㶼û֣صÿ
ΪЩʣĽ˵ᣬͣӣϵĲһڲŻشſǻûУһ㶼ûУҲǮʲôĶܴ󷽣ûɹЩǣ˵Ҫô족˵ֿ꣬
ĸ֪𣿡
֪ĽҡҡͷԼ֪¶˵ĸˣڻûҪôԸ֪ģ֪ûصˡ
뵥̸
ǡϾ뿴ԼļҾɢˣ˵𣿡Ҹ˿߿ߣҲ£һξЩò⡣
Īմǲ֪ϱҷʲôǰլˣӦûô򵥾ͽ
һֲ룬᲻ǰ̸֮󣬲ĴԲŻط
ǿԣҲҪģϾƭһλƭڶΡʵ⣬ѯõ֧֣뵽ϱ飬Ƕһ
һаʱ򰢽ĳ£ҲܰæϱԹ˲Ͼ
뵽ʮõˮ¶飬ȻⱻŮˣɫûҰף˺ܶͣѡ̹ϣԲһʱͿ֪ģô㣬ǲ顱
ΪʲôˣҪ𣿡ʣڼкĸ֪Ҳֻܵҧгݵʵ
ȻǣҶǲ֪𣿡
תߵ鰸£Դ飬򵥵ؽԵɣԭǵʱҹٰܾȴһγƺ˹ϵУӣҲܲǰɣһֱڡ
ǲףΪкĽɫЩҲʵô죬һֱ𣿡
㿴ô족Сʵ
һӣԺҪˡĽȻ๣Ҳһ߹۲վĺӣһӱ棬᲻ͬ⡣
ͬ⣬Ҳֻܽ¸ˣȻ㲻͹ռȵãûĵطչ˼һͬˡ
ԭΪһӲҪû뵽ôͽˣȥ·ϣĽЩ˼顣
ôˣ겻ء
һϤĽһؿڣʱû˵ĲѵҲ·һ
ôˣҽ㶼ûԱˣһǣʵ쿪ʼͷˣҪʲôĵ飬˵ҹˣһʱԼͺˣټ
ڼʲô°ӲһЦݣŲԾüúϢʲô¿Ը
֪
˽ŮȻ˵ٷѴҲʲʲôصԼԺУԱߵʵܼһ𣿡
ˣڵأȥ
ȥɡ
ϾͼŮۿȥĪմǣͲ¿϶ʲôµģʵڷĲ£ùܼȥ¡
˵ѽܼ£Щż
ܼҼֹӲͷƤȫ˵Ľܲ飬ܼȻҲѡ
ˣˡһԵָϽסεͽ˸£۾ֻᶶֿ˿ܼң֪ôȥȰοˡ
ȥɡʵҪʱúþһѪϢһҲͷһ⡣
ˣɣȻ
֣۾ǽŵģѹеŭ˵㣬УֶֻᡱûҪô죬ܴݾߡ
̸Ѿ˰£ĽӿʼĲ޴룬Ȼܶ࣬ľûдһǸң׻ǸףʧһӣòóֵˣԶʧߡ
ң׶ǰˣǷ˴벹ɡ
ѿǲǰһȦ޵⻹Ů˵ǲǡ
ǡҲȥ˵ڵУѲÿǰ˵һ˺ܾûȥˣԽմһȥ棬ؾ˵ǰʱտһҾ¥ƿԶĽ൱ڴ
ƶЦ˵ֱӾͳϣŮ
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ĽһʼҲʳУΪ֮ǰŵģˣϸġֿûʵ㲻𣿡
ʳУֿϣһԡ
һĽֵʳһ飬ϳֿ羰˾䣺㲻԰
ϳԵö࣬ڲ
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λãͥԺҲڷ߰ӣãĽȻҪò
ͷôǺȻ̫ӣԱţʱʱ紵ȳɡ
ЩȡӲͷоҲʪˡ
ٷǰռƻȥջЪϢȥɽļҲŵأ⸻ĵСسǣĵط˸顣
Ľػȥֻǣ֪ǲĴܾǿ
ͣţ˿޺ϰ壬ССˡ
ĽǵãСС˽˲ɫ䣬ϣȴɫҰףûǾ

 37 


³֮ԽԽСԶˣĽСһֻۣٸѣɫ˿û䡣
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ȥҩ̺ʵȷʵ֣ܼ֮ҧ͵õ֣֤ȷ䣬Ϊӣ̡
ȥʰʰȫ͹ȥϱն׺ǲٿκζ
ү֮ܵء
ȱǵȫߡ
¶ֵٸˣҲʲôĪմ֪ǴһԭΪǼֵѾ۽ˣû뵽˺ԼŮɱ
Ը̸µʱ򣬸̾ҵ֮ǰ׼Ҳˡ
Цһ֦߰صҪҲУһҪȢء
Ϊʲô󣿡Īմ˳˾䡣
ڳиӾƣһҲ˵壬Ҳͼ˵һ£ΪڲȢļҵǧ𣬶һ鷳¡
ĪմǾʵ̫ˣЦҼֲٵģʲô
˵Ӧ̧ͷҲڿһֹģĪմЦ

 38 


ʲô˼ĪմǼЦʵ
˫ս˫磬ӴͶ˼Σûпڣ֪ΪԷղ䵭ʵĪ飬ݣ檣ҲѵѽѾܺˡ
þĻػĪմǼʵ檣ͨ
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ˣ˷ʱˡϴЦ⣬ᶨ
಻ûƢѾĵںˣβߵãú롱仰ͷҲصˡ
һֱΪԼȢޣȻ֪ϢܲҲ⣬侲͸֪ңҲһ˼֮õ顣
СĪմǾûȥ檣ϱʱͨһûѡǼȫڣԺҲûʲôϣˡ
ڲһ˾ڣԺݼҵҲû̫ķǣȷʵϲǻȥŴܻܾ
˵ˣǸҲС
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˼ʱԺɨˣлԭվֱ
˵л磬Ⱞá
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ϣлԭǾòܣһأԵڶգĪҵߣĪĽ
ĪմǵĽԷûг¡

 39 


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ղ飬мһ˵¡

 40 


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ɡ
Ҳܰ˱Ƶ̫˵Ѿ˵ˣûȰԽùĴ𸴡
̬ȸʼܶ࣬ǾʮþȣҲͰСϺú棬պʦһһ˻ص
һ̨¥ľ֯Ҫ֯ͼʱ϶Ǻܽȵģȥĵڶ죬ǾͿʼ
һžɺͼӡ
ʦܹҪһڵģ
ڣʵָó˹ĵ˵ۣǾɸѡѡģĪմǵǼҲС
˿̣ͬվһԣʪʪģ˵Ǽٵġ
Ȼ
ʦûԥֱѡɺǼĪմ͵͵ȥŵ˲䱻ϲñǡ
ʦ۹⣬Ҳһ۾
۶ùʦߣĪմǿλ˲Ƶʹͣϲھʣһˣʵۻ͸ʲôء
žĿͻȻһ
ʲôĪմһµؿŻʵۣʮֲãŵԴ˵أŵȶЩѵʲôɻ䣬᲻Ҫͷ
ǵ۵ͼģ
ǡ
Ϊʲô֮ǰ֪Ķûɺء
Īմʵʵ˵龭ʦҵġ
ԭʦô˵ã޾ͷΪµһ֣ͻƽ㡱
ͲͶаĪմǹǣͷոյһţߣˡ
㣬Ժ޻кѣǼҸˣסҪǸỨ塱
ллϡĪմǵڲ׻ʵʲô˼Һ龪һʹͿɱöˡ
ճţǰš
ջСһԾɻ̲˵ֱӸʵˡ
Ҳöлл˰æǡ
ҪĸлңȥɽȪô
Īմǿǵͷͬˣ԰ÿϢһ¡
ɽƽӣһ˿УȪˣƬݣֱҲû˵仰
ҿɫЪ°ɡЩȻ˵ĪմǺԼЦݣǰ˻Σ˵Ǹл˵ĺˣ
ĳЦδŷԸŵ뿪
ʹޱܹһûǵĹϵεġ
ӦҲ֪ԺҪô죬Ǽιϵ˵ͤò񻰵ķҶ͵£ֻޱȵꡣ
ϣⰲϲԵĿԾˣһֱ棬ʲôϣϺӵڴϣãڣʱ˵˰ɡ
˸ӣĪմǵ֣ŻûϨ⣬пǽ˵˳ǣҲ֪㵽׹˼ʲôĿ㱣֤Ǽ檣Ҳһίġ¶Էּܾæ˵㿴ǻʵۺ󹬣˻ʺҲӹò
üһղŻе˯ⷬ˵ãĪմۣ࣬ѹסԼķŭûشĬĬصá
Щվӱܲ˵ģĪմǻһҿǻ˰ɡ
⻰һһ¾ͻˣԾץסĸ첲ϽȣֻһھǲѽͻȻЩڣ֮ǰֲǼΪʱı֣ôּۻء
ˣվˣʹĳЩԵʶҲֻʱһΣˣҪصԵС
ƺ̰ͼⳡ֣Ѿõˣ֮ǰһֱٳ˾ⷬ˾ġ
˵ԸȢޣɽҾ׼Ƹ񣬹ȥ㿴òáԼⷬѾܳϿˣԷϲδԤڵϲɫ漴ֲԺ檣ң㿴òá
ʱͨˣҲطǵþЩױ׼ԼĲȷģǣǸˣԿʼʱûס̽Է檵Ŀԡ
ڶԷһͨʱĪմȥģһ仰ľȻַˣԾúȰͷ֮֮飬ʵϴǷֿҾǵĹϵˣҪ檻ȢޣҶͬġ
һʱమάֵ˶ãһ֪㳣ְɵˣڵѾǳˣǲ檵ģޣȲ˵Ժ˸鵭˻᲻ᳳܣǴլԺ飬Ҳ
Ȼû޸ޣû뵽һжԼ顣
ĪմǼˣϽԼŵģҪײҪ
಻ŵصɴ۾һʱ죬ĪմһЦֲ˵ⲻǵֵסҲܹң
ң
Ȼ֣ԼĺðɣȻҲаʼûж⻰Ҳֻ˵Ҫһˡ
Īմǽͺϲź˵㣬˳Ĭһֿڣޡ
Ҫ˵ˣĲͬġĪմǴ
װûŮ˵ĲãϻַĲԸ޽ǾͱĹϵô

 41 


ܾĻߣĪմǲŷӦԷ˵˼
ﲻ˵ҲУʣȴţҲӦǿûϣˡ
ðɣҪġ
òܾ̾򣬿۾ջţʲôãⲻǻûⱲӣҲȢˣʲôʲˣһһ
쳤ؾõģͲţӦԼ˵ˣҲûʲô𣬾ѻйٸϿɶѡ
;岻Īմǣһ˵ҰˣˣҲǲС
ҲУ˵ã˭Ҫˣιϵͽ
ԡ
ʹӦʱĪմû뵽꣬ûϵβĹϵûʲôչ
ȵۼݱ»ʵǻٷϾˣ˲Լͬæ
ϱӲɰ˵Ĺ켣飬ȻҲ˲ˡ
ҵӣλãĵˡ
ɵϲصԼԺУ߷߲ƽǷɧһѾֲˣȻͬ˵ȴҲû֨
ֱ˵꣬£ɩ˵ҪǶ׸ףǼҹĻҲÿǿˡ
⻰סˣæʵȷ
ûӦ˼£֪Էʵ⣺Ǵɩ׿˵ˣǰѾˡ
ȷ֮һȭͷϣǲôôõ
Ҽ³оƻһȴ˿Ӱ죬࣬ʱ»ʷ·ơ
ȴ˿ڼ򵥣ʮһգǶҲ̫
ĺ¾ȻҲǴ󷿵ģƾʲôѾͷƽӹˣıȵŮòⳤǽǳڡ
ŮĻ£㲻ùˣпǡԼŮ޵ñȴ󷿲
˻˵ЩʲôǵɷƢԣֻա
æýŲŵصģһظͱйȥˡ
ĪҹﵽôˡڻҲûĨǣֱӾ˳
ˣ֪£ʱʱش̽£ͱˡ
ΣȻǰһģˣƶĥΪβᰡҿ˰ɣҵĹﲻӣǼһ桱
üģԭأȻûȢ뷨˿̱㲻ܺŪ˵ˣԺҵӣֻĪմǡ
ڻˣǽһɸ֣ʹļףҪȢ˵Ը޸а
ɫ˲䲻̫ˣҲû˸ղŵϸǲȢҹģ뵢˼ңͿ
ڻ䣬ûǿȣ֪ӵĸԣԼ£˲岻֡
Ȼؾĸףһȷʵ˵˵ˡ
ȥʰġ
˷ԸлԭȥˣЩҲѵӦ֣ԺܿϢ
ڻʺ﹬ء
ȥǳ¥
Ȼµ۵ĺ٣ĪմǵĻһ㶼û٣Ҫ˽ϲʽҪʵͼɫϣʱԼҲҪš
ʺ
ơ
Ů·ſʺ˵ͷģ֮Īմ˼䡣
Ī㳢ģҳŻ
һŮѽٿİŵĪմǰȴͻȻоģ죬Ż˼ͣ£ˡ⼸ҵθЩʱʱطģ¡
ɣûж¡뵽ʲôͷߵĹŮ̫ҽǲǻڳٹղ̫ҽ˸ķӣ̺Ĺע顣
ˡҲʲô¡
ԼģҪʱעţ̫ҽڹҲǺܷ¡
˻ʺĺ⣬Īմûƴǣ̫ҽԭΪֻ̫ҽһֹӣĪմĸв
̫ҽʲôֱ˵ͺá
̫ҽͣˣʺ󣬵õʾſڣĪûǻˡ
ˣĪմһڣⶼʲô°ôỳأǣһʱ֮˼࣬ʺѾˣֻŮС
׸˶٣Ҳѹ㻳ˣ׸϶ȢġʺԱߵϣο
֪еϢĪմǱһʺղǷٴһʺ֪ǡ֪ôȥֻʳָڰл˻Ρ
³˭֪ʺЦˣֲʲôܡ
ĪմǸܵ˫ش˭ܸʲô֪ģÿζСΪʲôУÿ棬εúܣΪʲô֪
ʺƺҲĲ⣬в͸ǽʲôطʲôˣô֪ء
ЩѾˣҪǣô죬뵽Ҳûˡ
ңû¡һţС͹·üһͦİ
˵Ů˻ҪǳСġ
ҹǰ㿹ܣҲûټˡ
ߵ⣬֪ഫĻ
ҪҪȥСʵ
ȥ͸Ϣ˵ˣؼЪϢ
Īմҵģ֪ô졣
ϣδΥģϣ᲻ôӣһǶ룬ǲɻ飬ϲСԼȻҲûˡ
˵ˣǾ˵Ҳǰ˵ⲻ˶֪飬˭Ҳûǰ˵
ţҲҲͨˣÿӶԳȥ¥
ȻˣҲø
ʱѾ᷿ˣĪմ˼㿪˿ڣҽмҪ㡱
ãҲҪ˵žס֣˿ᣬĪմͻȻЩԥ¸Ҳ֪ʲô뷨ͬȻܺãǣ֮ǲҪˣ
˽ǹأǫ£Īմ˵ˡ
ȫ󣬾þû˵ֻһֱĪմǣĪմǱ÷ë̽ô˲δЩǿߵԣǻУ㶼ûҳף𣿡
ЦǿЦɫ࣬ͷϵ¶ʲôʱ䵽λˣţûʵأλȨأҲЩǵƾʣҲӦñһŮ˼̤
㵽ףң
侲¡ĪմַӦΨûµ
ôѻش𣡡
ûУǰģ˽ģҡ
ˣ붼û룬˭أİô𣿡
ĪմǲٽӻˣôôأһʼôôԸôʱء
侲ٺú˵˵£ֻǶԷûиᣬֱ˦ȥıӰҲֻ̾˿ظ
£Ҫ˵Ҳ˵һ£Ҳûǰ

 42 


˵
ڼĪմҲûôĲǹֻվûǰӭӡ
ʲôˣǶй
Ҫһ£ǿҪ׼ĪմǴЦݣЦǺǵ˵
Ĳû֨ɷ໥ۣŮĪɶն࣬ȻǵͷһϢһˡ
ٴ໥һ·ȷղû֪˵ʲô𣿡ĲǰͷЩΡ
ĪմѾñ׼ˣͷһ
㡱Ĳָеɸ֣ôôСء
𱸵Ļûж˵۾ð찡ⶼʲô°
ϤºĪʽĶӣھѡĳɻ飬ҪôͿҸڻԡ
ҲѡĪմϵ̧ͷ
ѡѡѵҪ𣿡ĪʽŭŮЩ£ǲǲ֪ŮǼ޳ȥǷ޶ûãԾҲзִģأȻ⵵¡
ΪʲôС
ǣ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡ĲһŮӣԼ
ЩҶˣɻ飬ԭΪҵݿңδУĳɻȥǼһкӹ̥ĪʽּĲ˵ţ̥ˣһиôԺ󶼲ˡ
Ȼһ˵ĲϾЩԥˣĪմǼ˳ȴң⺢գҲĪҵĺˣֶΪءĲɣҡҡ
ĲȻĶˣɷɫȸղҲúܶ࣬ûɿڣδӾǻƣȥϢ
˵Ҳûӣȥ
ֻ»ûüڶ칬ˣ֪ͨȥμӻʺ硣
ɹΪǹȥĪʽּ˵ŴּĹչأʺûʸμӵ
ɹߵЦеػصⲻĪϴγȥļʺʮϲʵ۾׼ĪϰĪչȥ
ʱȽϽҲûģֻһ׼顣
ʺﲢǵһιȴǵһԻʺݾٰϯȻ¡غܶ࣬ĪʽҲиĪմһϰһ½ǻ׼
ʺգ˴¡ؽ˹Ҳ֪ϯΰŵģྐྵȻԱߡ
ϴ˲ɢڶûкͺãĪʽǰʺûһ̸ĪʽεػصԼλϡ
Īʽ֪Ů£ȻղŵΪеɻ󣬶ڳ˶ԸղǸ棬ҲǾȵغܡ
˵׸ĪüˣղǸӡ
һɫ۵ӣͷСԱߵˣԱǸҲ˵ҿϢ϶ĪҹɢģΪĪ׸ߵý
ҿһһλ귽ʮӼսŶۣÿԼİ˵ţ׸Сʫ飬ȫոձĵز˼ңҿţǴ˵
һҲͦеġ
һȺˣʱʱĪմǣߴߴĪʽԵҲôڣǣûио߿
ʺ֮ǰǺܶ˶֪飬ԣ֪⿴֪ΪſЩ¸ҲֻǸͽա
аֻǲ֪˵Щʲôʲôÿģ
Ϊʲôɡ
⵹ҲпܣһܽʺټģԺ˵ȥĪ϶ǹ⡣
ҪǸ֮ì͵ͷˣûУ˺ӻԸ޸ԣļ˿
Ե󣬻ԼȢ
֮ΣȷʵЩʼʲµǿⲻոδ̸ʱֱӡ
ҲƢһΣһҪڰɫȷԼȥȢţⶣлԭҪԼҼ棬ֱӻؾ
ǣˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǸղŵڲδˣ֮ϯϣȻһζûǣ֪Ƣ˭ˡ
ϯ˶æŸϻؼң࣬ĥĥ䣬ߵòˣƵ߳ţѱõ˿̹ͣ
ʲô費Ҫæһ𣿡
¡ӣһ粽ȥлԭģ̧ͷ죬ı궼ûôĪİɡ
߼нлûлԭ棬óͣˣûһ׷ˣˣ¹Ҫ̡
ڳڵ࣬ԾƿһȻ
˵
֪ǲǴ˾ö׸ϻצӣĺܣԴǣԭĳƪۣ˵ˡ
ӦˣѾЩƣˣ˭֪һصУĸߵ־͹ˣӣϲʽѾķԸˣĿû⣬˸Ϲˡ
ɨеֽûнӹֱˣֻһ仰һ׾ͺˡ
ֲ⣬ǰӾҷ˵Ҫףϸ޾ϸ׼һˣС鱻ʳƸ˵㣬Ȼ㲻ôһ¡
ɡ˵ˣлԭҲ̫ԼҴôһ¡
ŮδǶڴԹ󣬻ͨնһԽܵ飬г񣬵Ϊȷһʧ˽ĪһʲôϢһʱ֪ͨ
ÿÿ;ԼӢ䣬ûбųͷԣΪĪѾڰҷˡ

 43 


֮Īʽû£ĪմΪĬ˭֪ĳһ磬Ȼ˵ҪԼ
ΪʲôҪĪմ۾ŵؿõȲ˵ԷǹУ˭ñӣ˵ıģһ֪ˣҪɱȫҰɡ
ǰδӣ˵ȥʵǲôĪʽΣҲû취顣
ĪմǲôܻӦ
ĪʽûȰҪǵĽһ׼ǿԺ밡Ҳ㡱
ð
ʲôӦˡĪմǵĻشĪʽ⧲˵
ĪմһǰһƵС˿Цʢ̫һãͬ
ղ˵ʱͻȻ뵽ⳡ´һʼͿǼٵİ
һȡԣһǸá
㻹˵ңԼҲͿĪʽҡҡͷһԺ鶶¶ô족ϾһİƷΣҲ֪
Զһˣǲ˵ԼںδֻСǳɻ飬ٻسҸɣ˵Ҫ׼ƾ٣ҾͲǴʲôģһؾͺ롱
ҲǲСĪʽϲЦտ˿¶û뵽ǵȻԴһ£ָϽŴ£ȡҵ˳ɻ顣
Կη仰ûʱΪԼԲںǴλʺϣ֪߹Լż۵ԼĶ޷ֹˮ
Ժδӣǻ˵ԼԼĺӶһӰɡ
ǰĲ֪ĻôһˣὫֶƣεֱĪմǣֱ׼
ʱѾΧһȦˣΪͳȻ˵Ȼ˿ٴθԼˡ
ڻ˸۵ĲУۺˮƵÿҪҪ㿴Ƕӣ˵ˡ
Ķ׳˵εˣʶ˵ɿǲǹӡ
еĽԲˮˣõģŸѡҲ˵ˣֻǼģúһ±ɡ
ڻ΢侲Щ۲һûʣŷֻû뵽ǣӵ֮󣬾ֵˡ
мҪ˵һ¡Ӵ򵽵ϡ
㣬ڻ۵زУϽʲôǲӦ㣬õ𣿡
밢ǳס
Ϊ£ڻ⣬֮ǰ˵Ҳͬ˰
˵׼ˣȵʱеѣë۾˿뷨Ĭãջ˵˳ԺסǼȥ
ûԤ˻΢΢̧ͷ뿴ʲôĸʵү˼Ҫ׸
ڻüͷƲЩɸղġ
Ӻô˼Եɫ࣬Դˣ˵ֻ漴ŭ࣬£ӡ
ڻԼˣҪ׸ʲôЦӲǻ˵㣬Ҳ䵽˼׸
㣬ġû˵꣬ڻˣۼֿסˣŲڵϡ
һαãˣҲûΪ飬һԵлԭżϻ𣬳͵͵ͳʳʱȰˣҪ׸üͷšһ黨ˣʮֲ⣬֪ĪһֱԸ޵
ǼҴб£˵ˣ檣Ҳһְ취԰쵽Ҫѡء
п˵˹سĶ͵ԣɾͶ仹š
лԭȻ֮ܶ飬ʼղ˽Ⱒǣһƣܼǳ
ϱǸ黹Ǻʱһ鷿̺һλѣ֪ôʫʣⷽȷʵʱñϾһͨЩǲģ㵱ڳˡ
Ժ󣬰Ǵδѻ߿˶˵ҲԸͬȥѣ涼ؾأȨˡ
Ⱳӣ˽Ŀǣ檣ǾǸٺãڻûɹڡ
ȷʵݵλһһְ취ޣ檣ӣһӶԭ
һΪʲôأΪҸǳΪԹżǴδǹЩǳֶΡ
׸ҲԸ⣬뵽⣬ԳЦЦгģҲǿء
ΪֻһʱͷԷȣû뵽侲ˣǼˡ
ТӣӸ󣬲ǰ˵ġ
޳ıϣѪ˿ӽ͸ƺߺ󣬻Ǽֻ죺˳ɻ飬ʲôͲ˵ģԺϣһ᲻
㻹Ҷ족һޣͷð亹֪˶ٱޣڻ󣬽ⳡͷүˣ˰ɡ
һʼ֪Īҹ飬дСʲô鶼Լ⣬Ҳ͸ˣô˵ô򣬿¶ı⣬ȥɡ
ӶɿڣҲ㿴ˣӣб£ʽôԣҪģֻڴˣҲȥˡ
ԭúһ£ȥĪ˵£˭֪ǱѾɫ׸ѡ

 44 


ĪʽҲû뵽һʵˣŮС꣬ƶЩƷû˵
ЩȰŮٽ˲ٹ򣬺ɹˣֻС򷿣óɻ˼ɡ
ŮĶӵȲãµøϽ˲Уϵ飬һûһеġ
Īλ֮ͣĪʽ𲻵òҴҵشظϣſʱӲ˲ͷϵĺŽȥֱͦǣĪʽǰ񣬡׸չٺʧԶӭĪĳʧˡ
׻Ͳض˵ˡֹ̧ƵĪʽϣ˵Īϰæ𣿡
ĵйɵôڴһԭѰʻ˿ȴĪʽð亹
ʵ֮ǰʹ飬ʼղ˵⻰Ѳ˻ʦ
Щæ
žյصĪʽ̧ͷԷһ࣬ⱲʶôãɴûжԼɫһֱǿͿء
һֱԷôվȨ֮ˣһ죬ԸǸɱһס
æЩʲô
ǵĻ¡µ񣬿϶ˣĪʽ˵
ΪҪô
⡱ĪʽЩԥˣûи֪֪е飬û˵˵˳ƽ鷳¡
ûڣ˵ˣΪǻˣһҵĺӡ
Īʽ˿ֵͷĬʱ˵ʲô񶼲̫á
վȥʹˣ˵Ҫ飬ȴû֪ͨңӵĺҸ˵𣡡ӷϵ¶ΪɫҲЩ˵֪£ÿÿǿƲסеķŭ
Īʽͷĺϵðòסʲô˼ĿܣŮҪ飬ֻɻ飬뵽Ů̬ȣҲӦ
Ҳûô죬Ժˣֿżɽ˵˹Ŀģ׵Ӷʲôʱ
³š
ǻʮգУӲ䣬֮ǰĻˣ
վûãȻǷĪʽٴͨӲͷƤ˵ˣСŮСŮʵڸʲϹ󸮣޽ȥ϶Ҫġ
Һʱ˵Ҫ޽
޽ʲô˼ң檣ǸˣԷ˵ûʳڣЩֵ߳ȥ
лԭסԼҴ֮ǰǰסǼҡ
ңʲôǽңĪʽ˿ðһƵ뷨߲˵лԭƼˣ˵Ǹ˼
еĪʽͿ͵ڣֱǱӰʧǼ¡
ĪմǽеϽĹŮǣĪմǰкԼ£Īˮǰд
ȻֵǣǶĪմֹĪˮ˵Ҳ
ǿҽʲôءĪˮ΢΢Щŭڳˣؿ
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Աߣ˵ѹ϶Щ
ʲôǲ֪𣿡һʯɫȹŮ˵
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˭˵ĺҪ𣿡
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Īմ˵ݻԼһ棬û𸴣ӽˣʮֶռš
Ҿ֪Ҿ֪㡱ĪˮôණŭˣĪմ˵㣬˵ûɡ
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 45 


ûܣλֶε̼Ůвӽ֮Ѿ÷зȻû۶죬ǾյһϲɻĪմǸࡣ
͵طǴ۽磬Ī
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 46 


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