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׷޻᳡ߣһɫ
İ
纣ҿȥš
纺͹˲İͬʱ̿Ͱܣһ俴ƺĻȴҪ
纲ֻ֪һԭڻ
ʹȥҲ㲨ֻǸõڻŮ
ķĮɣ˳޵Ĵ󽫾ȴеůͰĳ
ΪΥʥֵּ췭ظƽΣպĥѣֻΪһչЦ
˽֪檿ıԼҪ
أ
ķޡĳ֪ʮ꣬ԼһŮ˱˸̵İ顣
ۣƼ˲齫İ檴Լǰ˫᣺纣ˡ
Цߵ˲ǰҪݷ򡣡
Ķָ
ŮǰŰŰڹ˻ᱻŰŮcpỻ



1.     Ҫݷ

纣ҿȥš 
ͬʱ˲齫ǰնɱ˵ĽؿڣѪֱ
׹¥ʱĿĶķ˹ȥſ˫۽סİ檣˫Įѵȫǵۡ

˲飬ҲҪ㡣 
ǰŵ 

ȿȡ
ڲϵĿԳſڴͷ˯ĺŮѣ˫ͨ˹ȥ㣬㣬ˡ
纻ۣƼŮƣһʱãȻĻز񣺡㲻ǡ𣿲ǰ񣬾Ҳˡ 
Ϊʲôֻ˹һжΣǡ

ɻ䣬˱ˮ˵ˡӹˮʱֽѾ򸸻ּ˲ǸСˡǼˣҧгݣ˲龹ȻΪ˾Сһƣ졣ʲộʶ˼ųն

Ļһʹ
ŷӦԭԼˡں͹˲׺ĵڶ괺һ۱Ǳ˲һ˵ľ棬ϻ˱ô

ǵ˾𾴵ĳ˶ĽĽˡ
ֻķ˲飬Ǿž޵꽫ºպս˶Ľ޸ĮɵĴ󽫾

˭֪ܹĿί
˲Ϊ˰СصĹ˲飬Ψ塣 
ΪİС檻ţ͹˲鰮ͬʱ̿Ͱܵʱ򣬴һ¥ˤȥʱ򣬴δһۡ

̧ظУ˲εʱҲδǹ
ʱʱܾ̿Ѳİ檷УһߵǸҹ棬Ĳǰ˵纣ѲҪˣֻб´ķѪܾ
˵Ҳ
ǰѸյľҩߣȻİ檺ͺӣȴھ¼ȥŭַؿڣ纺ͷ³һѪ

㡣齹Ĵ󺰣̫ҽ̫ҽ
߽̫ҽǹ˲顣
ʤѩ仹ǱĿڵĳţɹˡ
纲Ұݵתת뿪˵׷һϸӰ

ɫ԰׵Ź˲飬ȴ˫ͫ
һЦΪˡ
ϱӣ˲һΣԲѵͬδƹһ۵Ĺ˲飬ð̧Σ˴ӭȢ˹檡

ڴ˺°檱裬ǰ˺󶼸޸е𾴺λ֡ķȴάһϲ̨С檣ܲޣ
߰ܺ޵ҲδʹֶΣȥԸ½¡
ɹ˲أ
ȴˣЫĳ

գ½ǰ밲ϡüˣùŮ½»ȥˡ֪ΪΣ½ˮ㱣ס̥ȴҹա

ҹ˲һ߿ķţνˡ
δĹ˲飬ǰֻΪ˸ˡͣ˺ֻΪֻع

һ׮׮һ£ԺĿڴϸϸܵʹϱӱ˵˿ڣֱѪ裬Ѫ졣
סʹĿڣ˫Ŀ΢գеĲѹƺۣĿ߰Ź˲飬һһ˵Ҫݷ򣡡

֡˲ǳ⣬ĺȾϼŭˣұضһ֡
Ѿһˣɵ˲ǿưԵĻŰ檵ģŭʡ֯

ޱĶŹ˲飺˵һΣҪݷ 
纣Ȣ˸£ҵޡ˲ɫҲδ

ǣޡ纴ЦֹȴԽ
ƿЦĻ
ϱӣΪ˾İ檣һľҩӺޡ 
أ
İ檣ȫک贫͵ɾ£֤ǵƺĸУ纣óöڻҶѡ

ͫɺĶ̫룬ſϾϣڸһ˿ݵɫΪȡء ָ纵

ž
Ŀ֡
ֳһƬž˲ɫõĶ纣ȫû뵽һͷƼԼ΢Ц纣ȻĿԼ֣

ˡ
˲ȥ׽纵֣ܿˣܱܿսĹ˲أ
ס΢΢İקԼǰ

ſҡɤĴС
ײ˲黳һ˲䣬˱˲ýĿڵʹ¡Ĵ̹ǵľʹĿӵ֫ٺ־ȫڷ

˲Ӧ˾ңɿ֣̾һ纣ˣĪҪˡ

Ǳ´ͻ飬ͬޣͬѨעҪһķޣ򲻿ʹСӣ˵ݷĻΪ˼װģ
˲ΪԼ˵һ纱˳¿˱ǰһ㣬ͺ

˭룬⻰︡һĨ⳰
빲
Ǿ俴ƺȴҪǷ

߰ɣҲ㡣ƣıͨ˫ȻʥͣǾͻعҸҪһʥּˡ
𸸻ʣĵһ
ΪȻһʱʼݱֵ̫гӵǻ󣬱Ŀʼ
齹ĳȥ񣬻عҪŤתǬһıٷ
ϣ㡣֪ﻶϲĲӣǻ˹һҪøʺݺι˲ʼ޵Ļ˶

ܳȥ˸߲ҵ׼ʱ˲ɫȻеĹǿǲɢȥ
ʲôܻĵŹ˲顣
ˣҪ˲鵭ûҵķԸκ˶㡣

ң
纵ʣ˲Ӹµɫ˵ƺˣһͬʥ
һ𣡡纳һЦ
һӵǻ󣬹˲»صй֮ʺ̫ӵ˵йϵ

纽䱸ɵĿ£˲޸ɫĶǵ塣
Ȼ㵣ңǾһعЦЦĶŹ˲飺һҲС
̽˲Ǽ飿

˭֪˲鲢úϢˣ̬Զ׼
ҪúˣǾͰ㰮檸ϳûһãȻõıȽϿ졣뿪ˣǾͰ½¸ߣ

һֱվԱߵ½̧ͷĻһ
˲һȻ纵ģһŵ¸󣬲ŵ㡣

¸ԭǼլԺѾˡ
Ҳ˲˰ϲļ²ݡòѹȥʹȻǵصϯһӿϺͷ³һѪ˫һʱڵء




2.     ˵Ĺ˲飬ΨΡ

֪˶ãתѡ
ɫ԰׵ĴӴ֧Ƽȼյ򣬺ͽӳĵϲĴϲʱֲ︡ްЦ⡣

͹˲ףδ붴˲
һߣһꡣ
Ϊ˵ʱʱ̿̽Ӳó˳ʱģ

ǰ˲鿭飬ʱȫˣȥǽӭӿĹ˲顣
Ļϲȴ˺½¹һĹ˲顣ʱȫǵ棬طĵһ仰Ҫ檡̧ĿϲĴɫ︡һĨԳЦ쾿ҪڻңҪĥβſϷŹ

˲飬ôĵӣȻ⴫ŭ纵˼
Ϊ纵롣˲̬ǿӲ͸鴫纶УþС
ޣһûʵĻŭΪ˸ˣҳ㣬ڻ˵⻰
ʱ鼱ֻܰͻ˲Ľͣޡ
ʱ˲սͻȻ衣İͬʱײֱ檣Ѱ檱뻳лסȴһ

ִʱ线߳ȥ
˲ƫͷ纣̫ҽҩˣ
ɫһ䡣 
ʻãһʱԼ˱һ⣬˶һⶾʱʱѪЩ
Ҽǵİ檾֮ͨⶾΣ̫ҽ鲻İȴͨⶾ֪֮ⶾǲǺйأ

˲鳯߽΢䣺ĪҪԣҽȲ̫ҽ
½ҽãĵЦ
һ½¿ƾһֳ뻯ҽκþвٴٹ˵֢֮ǻΪ۵ӵļκõġ
½Ҳ˻»ʳ谮ʥּΪƽƽĽˣһ䵽˵ز
վ̨ϣĿվԼǰĹ˲顣˵ִ½¸ԼĲıʺ̫ӵ£

ĿĵŹ˲飬˲̾˿㲻ϲҲشΪ
½µĸµĸսˡǰӦԷ¶úչ½£Ӧе𾴺Ͱ˲һŵǧ𣬼Ȼŵԣģ 

Լĳŵ˲ԽԽࣺ һ̫ҽúøβ˶٣ֲ䣺һɼѾ߸㣬Ҳøᷳ

ɼѾ˵˹ûʣ
ģһֱѹƵѪ

纡
˲ͫſ˫§ųϵȥ纡˺ᱧŲٵĳ֮ʱ󺰣ȥ̫ҽ!
ΪȻ˼ûжأ˭֪ȻѪ

纾ס˲İɫ½ɫʣ˲飬㻹ǵȢʱŵ𣿡
ѯʣȦͨ졣
һֱʳ⣬ҵһ̣ʳ
һҪװ׵նԵ

ʵ̫˲ϣ˿飺ǵá
ңڣɤվǸ
˲ɫһȢ˸檣ȫŵԡûжԲ纣Ϊε͸


ųŮͻȻſ̧ͷԽ˲ļƼһ½¡
վſ˵̫ҽˡ

˲ɿ纣뿪ʱ׵ȻקסͷڣϢ
˲飬ҪΪҵ룬Ͱ͵Ժȥþȫһһ˵ȴֻдս˲ˣ˲顣
˲ĿδĳȻ˱΢Լ˵
򴽣á

ת߳ȥʱĿⶨ½ȥ֣ԼС
ӵˡ
½µĻ˲ʱ˲١һʼչ½ֻΪŵԣȻ檣˺ӣȻỤȫ
ƼЯȥıӰнԶʧڱڵ¶ԣ͵رۣˣȥԺ




3.     Ҳɹ뿪ˡ

纵ӽʻȥʱ
ƿĿ⸴ӵһһլԺ񡭡Ҳɹ뿪ˡ 

ʻԶ˲鰲ԼʵԼһһĻϣһЦ
Ϊж˲黹ɷѿġ

ջĿʱȻƳԶĸ¥վһĨӰ
ϦȵĹУ˲ɫɨԵ纡ϰ֮ˣã纲԰׵ĴߣһĨѳЦʱüͷһ
֪ΪΣǷƣܸоʧȥĳҪ䱦


½ɤڶ𣬹˲һˮģʱ١
еƹܣȥԺҲΪİȫ롣ˣӣ͸ºúദ

ǾҽʱȻ˲ٽʿΪһ˹¿½£֪ʵԸ󣬱ضҲԼһϲ
һ뵽纸߰Ը뵽纴½£˲ε̾˿
ǰĵʧĸоҲڡ 

Ƽ¥˵Ӱ͵ˤ³ĿڷƵĿϡ
Ƭ̺Ȼۣɣһ¡
ڲǶŮ鳤ʱ򣬵֮취֪еʾܿ˲ȥԺĿġ

ɫʻֵĶʱںȻˤӵŭ˶ˮ̣㾹ȻҶ˸ȡ
ž
̶İ纱ŭ𣺡Ƕҹȥ

һ̣޿ķСŮͷʹˣ׷ǰߡ

˲鰲纵ļ״ü룬˵Եѹֽϲ
Ǹ¹ãҽãԸᣬϧظоͱ衣 
︹֮ʱһֱͷķ¹Ů˵ڻ£ͣסŲתֽǵʱ򣬺Ȼܡ

Ӵû۾
Ů纣Ȼһײڵء
ڵϵʱֶ³һѪ

Ǿǵˣ𣿡Ǹṫӣ¾ͷŵľмһҩζɫج

£磬תҪܵʱȴקסǾе˶ҵˣҪײҡʵĵ纣ɫдһ˿ίҵǸձҵǸ 

Բ𣡣纽ڣ۳̣ǡ
˭֪ˣԽֵס纵˵Ϯ纵Ŀڡ


ŭȣһֻԷ˭ּ֪õĶ㿪ȹȥ֣Ҿġ
ﻹдʵ֣Ŀڡ
շŭ䣬һֻб⧲ײһ߳.Ƚʶş̌ȣֱ߷˶纲 

һƵǼ⣬һ㣬˲䰲ĿŻԼӣ̫ 

¶͸¶źĹ˲顣ͣپ¿糺۹磬ֻ

´Ƽ纲԰׵ɫ
΢΢ӹ˲Ϣɫŭ;ȡƬ̱ѹƣĵķվãη䣿

ʻʱĵɨ۱̴ӷֱѹڵص︡ɱ⡣
ûҪǵڣӽǺѣ 
΢΢ף̴򻤳Ǻӡ
ĳ֣ͨû˵꣬Ǻˮ 

̫ã󡣡ɫϲĿ¡
δʱżӹֵ¶˺ü飬˵ϻֵʱ̫ˡ

£
澴纣üͷһͬ˵һ߽˽ֱߵʳ᷿

˶Ǻʱ࣬Ӻʱǰû纵Ӱ
ͷĿڵ֣дʵ˵ǹһĿڣ֪ܽĶѪ 

ʳ᷿
ϯϣ纵˱Ȳ裬ݹȥʱ򣬻İ쵺ĹУʡ

纶ֻ͸ѩף֣֬ĬƬ̣ſڵ̫ƽ޹˵ʺ̫ӻ᲻ΪԼԷ
šԥ

ƫƫͷĿ¡
ʵû˴˳ӣ˼

΢䴽ͬ˵˼
ѧ纵ģҲͷͶȥһۣкλֱ˵˶٣ֲ䣺ΧѾɾˣõĸǽж

̫Ǹˡ纸̫̾ĵһ˳¡
͸̫˵˱ȳɻʵøʺ̫ӶΣա

Ķһ٣֪£
ĵһȻˡ
һʺ̫ӵΪġ

ӳ¿ϾֻԼһ˫ᣬŰ͹һ˫
һɻ˵˳£Ҫӹ˲˵𡭡

ἰ˲飬ԭɢĿѹסһʯĴǸ˲ſ񣿻аңһԲѵҲ򸸻ּ˲İ檡оʻֱ棬Ҳϲˡ
ҡִӺӿڳڵʱȥ

˼ĿУͨ졣ҳ󲻿ǻ˵ʶϲ˲潫ҵǣڽ¡ 

֪ǲ纵ĴܾԼ˵Щ¿Ϣһɱ⡣

Ŀϵ£̫빬
һڶŮ˽飬һ۶δƼһҪֲǰǷһС

дʱЩΣգҲΣա
Ҳ¡纼ٿڣûκȸʵİΣҪ

֪ϵ£ҲҪΪԼİȫǡģһжڱƿУ
֪췴£Ϊһݱˣ
ǡ

Ŀº͵Ķ䴽һЦ̫ǱߣһӪ̫ӵ¡
´ߵЦ⣬˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ

ȴ룬Ȼ̫ӽá
һ̫Ҳ»ʡǰѾΪһ֮£֮ϵȨ

ôһ룬纺ȻԼ̫ˡ
ǰɿ֮˵ĻϲʱȻ޴档

线յšüͷƳ۾裬ưĵ£̾һ 
δ纣ֻܳü£ĳ˵̫ĪҪΰ

䴽һЦеĹ쵺ӳĳ.ˮɫġ
˶٣ֲ䣺̫֪֮ˣϴԩ̫ӱ粮ڣɽˮ֪

ǡ
˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ
Ȼĵ׸̣ȷʵࡣ
ΪһͣرͬʱҲжس 

˽˽Ҽ̫ڻͣܽȥ
ſںȻ̴ӽʶվʱš顱ر˴һ߿ɫĹ˲ŽĶվڵ纺¡





4.     ܾί˲

˲鵱ֶΣӿʱȻˡ
ڹ˲ŭĿ£ȹڣ̬ŵ˻ȥ˽ﲻӭ㡣

һȥ˲ŽɫĴ󲽳ȥ
ߴͦεǵصɱ֮⿿ʱԱ߱ܿ𿿽ң
ؿʹӿɫ԰׵ؿڣϸüܲ

ÿ˲飬Ṵĵ׵ִͿ־塣ķҵ룬ͬ˲Ӵֻ»ûȸı丸ʺ̫ӵˣԼһĶˣ

˲ɫĶ纣ƼѪü̫ҽơ
纷Լ֣һЦװģĹңӶġ

˲˵ִһ纣ĪҪںƢˡ̫ҽȥԺġ
£˲һۡ˭֪̫ҽ׷ȴƼЯ߽ʳĻ棿
澴纵ϣ︡һ˿áʾ֭뿪Ѳ˽¡
֪ù˲ܱѵķŭŶ纵̬ҲԽӣ纣ͬһظ

纱۵Ϣ࿴һۣ÷꣬ͬؽ
Ͱ檵ļңֺθϵ

Į̬ȣù˲еķŭǼ纵ڶĻ
˭߹纣ֻǰ¶Ц纣ȻĻ

˲ɫȥק纣첲ȴ˸񿪣һϮ쵺۵£ǰĶŹ˲飺ǳ˽Ǵ·ϣ
Ŵ˻纣ͷһᡣ
һгӵǻҲû˼סޱȵĳ˸»һΨΪȨ¸𾴺Ͱֶ֮ȻάĻЩжѹ̫纣öҡҡ׹ĳϵȥ
纡

˲ͫͬʱ˹ȥסϵȥ纡

ȹ˲һҪסʱһĽ⣬ͷϮʶס纡ұһʹüͷһ壬ȴδɿס纵ֱۡ 

˽˵Σʡ
зִ硣˲ά纵ģüһ˿ŭ
ǰ纴»˳ͬʱ£̫з֮ٶаڡ

ȥз֮ȥڡܻ˲飬㵫ǵޣ㲻νҡ
纷ŭĿ⣬˲һۣ˵зִ磬㡣

ִ磿
ǡ
纴Цһһô
ͼʹĿڣʱ˺ѷΰľʹǵصľʹУؿһͣȻӿѪ˹ȥ

˲ͫ׾޲纴󲽳᷿ʳ¥ȥʶ׷ȥȴſڶסŲ
ĶŹ˲鱧纴뿪Ӱеֽ߬ȭұ۽͸ѪǽȾӳ

ڻʱ򡣡
ڣЮ˿

˲鱧纴߳ʳʱ½±Ѿ߷Ŵ

ݺȰöڶüŴӹ˲黳

˲սֱۣס򶾷纡
纷е̫ҽҽԺƫͷһֱðĽԼ½£ɫʣڸкţΪˣ

½վʳſڣ޹ҵ㡣
֪ǽӣҲ֪гġӱ߹شôˣȴδԳ¶κһ˿飬ֻԼĽܻϲ

ɵ纵ʧڸ¥ǰ˵Ҫ̫ҽȥԺβʱʱˡŽ뿪ıӰýȥˣʧȥ谮ĸоһе׷

Ƽ˲ʱʱڵĿ⣬ղŽѳڻĴһĻ½Щʧͼʡ
ԴӸΪȽ˶ŷɥĽἫˣȶԳҪá

̧ΣýȢİӭȢ檣Ϊ¸ױΪңԶı߹²ݡͳ谮һΪԼǽ˳ŮˣһΪֻġ

¡
˲Ƽ½ίĵı飬ͺͮͮԼԣɫʱظ
УúϲС

Ƿأ½˳ʡ
͹ȥԺ纣˲ĵױ˳
Ȼ纲ϲ£Ǿʱ

ס½¹˲ȥ˱ԺͲٻ¹˲ͳ޾ɺãԼ
ɻһڣҲԼ̫ڹ˲£һЦȻ˵ҹ۹ɫƺжˡ

˲ɫһжԭˣ
һƣ󣬱գʱʱѪԭΪжˡ
˭뺦纣
ӣ
ڹ˲ɫУ½ֵĶһܽ⡣

˲̧ۣ½£һЦԸΪһԡ
£纾ͽˡ˲ָ½µӡ
ԸΪһе顣½ɬڹ˲黳Ŀĵڡ

صУ˲˵½Լⶾʱ͵ƿ˲飺
˲ɫӲ㷽ŻҪ¸ԸⶾΪλʹСӡ

ȹ̫ҽҩ纣ʱɫࡣ
бΨΨŵŵվڹ˲󣬻Լ۸˵½£ЦЦ˵ʱ㲻ϡ˵һ䣬Ϳˣ
һʼֻ̽½в˲ѡµİҪǵʩ᣿
ǵýⶾҩ纼Ц˲飬ǰôû֣ױһŮˣת
ͷҪ˼̱˲鳤üɤ˺
̱
ʧЦҼ̱ҺΪܾί˲㡣




5.     ˲鲻

ǰÿϺ½йص飬˲ƫƫţһ뵽½˵ʲôʲôԼ˵ʲôŵ̬ȣĿֶơ

һܸѹֵˣܹˣˣС檹򰲰ɡ
˲ĬõĶ纣Ī۵ӿŸӵ纣ĪҪԼЦ

꣬ǿЦˡ
ϱΪ˰檣ĸĺȻ˵ôһûʵĻ 

ֱ̧ӹ˲飬Ĵͳд鶪ǰǱ顣

˲ɫȸղŻ࣬ɫŭĶ纣˺ðΣſڣ㵱ͨ˵¼ңҹ˼ҵסοԹűûݷģҲͬ¡̧纣԰ȴɲòգʱ鲻ãҲƽϣ

ޣ
˲εѹӹ澰ɿЩʱ򣬲ߣһĺǶŸ߸ϵ̬ȣ˭ĵӣ
ʱ뵽Լͳ㱻˲ļѴ
ǳ̾˿㣬˵۰㣬ΪһΣȴ񿴲һ㣿

Щ£ҲӦˡҪ˵е£˲̫ҽ纽ⶾ
ûڣѾϵĻƿ嵽ſڣɷĵŹ˲飺ĺԶ㡣
˲ɫһڴ纵񣬻
񳭻ƿһΣЩίܻȥ㣬㻹

ɫº͵Ŀɵڻѽ
˲ԼǸѱˣŭΣա

̫ҽ纰ŵ˶Ȼʱܽ⿪һѹơ
䱸£̫ҽָ纰˽ⶾҩ

ҩе࣬¹۽
̫ҽҩͳһװ۽ʳеݸ纣װŸ۽ӵĵʳУһ㶡
ǰϺ̫ҽʱЦü˵̫ҽ㻹ǵñ۽ϰѽ
Сػ¹ٷּβҩʱ򣬹ҸطôҲšÿضǱ۽Ӱѹ
ἰ£̫ҽ̾˿ǵһ죬ղ᲻񣬹˽Ϊˬ͵͵ȥĺɽժ˳ԡ
ϧţʱС޲µ÷ͬİ·

̫ҽĿ޵Ĵ˹˲һۣȻ˵Щ۽ȻȲϹƣҲǼõģ쳢 

Լ̫ҽǶ£ù˲뵽˺ͶЩãɫҲº̫࣬ҽΪ̫ҽܵ
Ǳĺǵܵûĺһ
˲ɫʱ£һ۽ȥԺɹɹ̫

ȥʱ纻ûϺ̫ҽ۽ӡ
㡣˲磬ϡ

ȥ·ˣεˡ½µѾߣɫܹ
˲üͷһЦһԺ˽ĪҪԺˣʱʱЩϢ˶ġ
˲ϣȴ纶㿪
̾һɫٵѾߣͣھҽʱܹˣӻδȫȥ
󲽳ߵʱ︡һ˿ĮʧΪ½¶Լ

ߵſڵĹ˲飬ȻסŲͷ纣Щʱš
⻰Ц
̧ۣŹ˲飬½ֳɫɨһȦһЦѹ˲ŵĻ棬Ϊ˲ŵĻδֹŵԡ

㣬ˡЩ۵ק纵ӡ
϶ǴЦģԴӹ˲½´Ժÿÿ˲½µϢͺܡ
Գڵ״ˣֻԺ󶼺òˡ

ˡ纵Ĺˡ
ͷе۽ӣԸɴ˳ȥǰκ˿Ŷ£Ҫͬ˵
㣬ǲñӳ黨½Ǽ˵ȥıӣ˸Ժӣǰձ˲ˡ

ĪҪ嶯һߴ۽ӵİףһ߿ĵĶ˵嶯ӣҪĸġ˶٣ֵ½ʲôֵԶ֣ 

Գú̫ҽ㶾ҩҪǸ檣纴۽ͳһźɫСҩ裬Ȼ˵
һ٣ҽĵĺ̫ҽ˻Ҫޡ

ǽⶾҩ纽͡
ⶾ䷽꣬ҪҩģʹﾹȻһζҩҲѰ°æ۽
㲻ţ֪ҵĶܽ⡣ƳĿ¶ϲɫⶾΡ
һȻ鲻˭µģ 
װж˾¶˲С

纵Ļû˵꣬ĵ˵϶½Ǽµģ붾㣬ռ˲顣ŭȭһ죬ҪǸʬΡ

⻰Ҳޡ
ɵá
һΪçײ½鷳½ºĵ˫ȣ²зϣ򲻸ģ½鷳½ƣ˹ƭ¥ﱻ̣

ָԴ񣬳£Լ֡
ǰܣסЩˡ
ػһģҪúػЩⰮˡ

㿴·۽ӵزСֽݹȥ
Сֽپ̬ԣҲӹֽֽϵ֣ʱԾʺ̫Ӹˣ
纵ͷ¸Ŵºúý̵ϣԸ񣬶ϲһǰçײԡ

˭ֻ֪أߣӣҪɱعȥ
纷εſ˵
Ľſȥ𸸻ƽмձܽıӣų˿˵Ȼ߱λһȥ󣬱ضж˿顣
纣
ܺãİôŭɱء
纳̾һʼĵĽô³ȶй֣ΣңıǽӵеŮӡ
ʱŻڶضؽ̻纣ʹģ㣬Ҵˣ˵ˣ֪ҪȶӵмıǣΣҵŮӡ 
纼״¶һЦ
֪ûܹ۵İĵŭӺѡ
ûϵĿʱձȽ϶࣬ÿʱŲܸĵԸ

ҹ
˶˯º󣬹˲ŵŵŵԡڴ˯½£˼Ƭ̣ڵԺȥ
ذɣѾЪˡԸİɣſڡ
˲黹壬ָ¶ϵֽ˵뿴
еĵƹȥ˲ɫʱ࣬ΪЩֽϱױ飺˲鲻ڣ




6.     ƣǱǵġ

ڶգʱ
˲½ߵѾߣڵʱ
õĴڹϿϷ
һ磬յ´Ϣ˵ṩ׼ȷϢ̫ӵþˡֻˮأ̫Ӳ̰ܿ࣬ҪˮκãŻؾ

ϲ⣬ֻѹҲʱɢı̫ӱˣǾ֤һҲݱˡ

죬һ线ЦŲ԰ӣЦ˫ۣǹһ㡣

˲̤ԺӣƼЦӯӯģ
һ㶣жûЦˣ
Сñ³谮ǸЦҲŮӣԴؾƺδԼЦ

֪ù˲Ȼ 
̾һŲȥϵŭüЦУɢ

纡
У˲ỽ

ʶƫͷȥϹ˲⡣
һ㶣Ȼ˲߰Ľ֮İʯͷ꣬ʤѩ°׵Ǹ忡칬ɵ꣬ӿȺнӵ뻳Уķޣ˵ֻһ˵ꡭĿԣ纳˳ǣжۣж


һų˵˼
纻ƳƼӺ׷½£︡һĨЦ⡣

Ҳ˵纸ǰôԼʱĻ䱻ϣ˲üɫĮ½¡
ͩ˵ҪҷˣҵǶҳ

½µĻüһ˲ҪԼˣ
ǣ 
ЦһϾĿڹϣĿŹ˲顣Ҫƣ˲Ժֽˣ

ûſŹ˲鲻ڣԻŭԺˣ˲㻹ҳˣ
˲ûĻǰߵǰ㶾δ⣬ܴ硣

ƳһۣڰջĿ⣬̨ϵϷߵӢ͵ĳоӪС

޶õĹ˲üͷ΢һԵһ塣䣬Ըʼĳˣ͵Ĵڡ

Ȼ˲ٱոһĨɫһɺĵĮ
½´δɲĽЩĻҵֳ˳˲䣬ĪҪΪ빫

檽ӵ˲ȥĮ
½µͷ̧Ŀ纣˵˿˿۸µзݣ

˴˻Ц
΢̧ĿɨŹ˲ǣŰ檵֣ƿڣҿ˿㰮ʲôˣ
ᡭ½ڹ˲ǰͷڣеԵʣŻ²ֹθڲáռׯˣԡ
˵Щ˶֮ǷûʸԣǷ˳һ١½µѾͩɷŭڣǷ˻ǽã˶䲻ųԣԺ󴫳ȥֻǷ˲ܳ衣

Ȼ˲ɾӵ⸮еˣһֵ.̳ģȻӵӡ

½ºѾһһ͵ĻϵЦԽŨˣ½ֹûʸԣûʸһۡ
䣺Ǳȥʮϸࡣȫ£ֻбʸá

һԺֱͦӵɨų۸Ƶ½£ʲôȻԳˡ
½ɫһףû֮ӺͱģȴǱ˵ƣַߡ
οЩ̱Ĵ̶߳ŭ

½ȦĳŹ˲ҡҡ˲ףɫĮ˵ˣȷǸˡ

½˵Ź˲飬ΪδάĽʱȻ˵ˣ
½Ȧģ˲һһǸ߸ϵĮ̬ȣĵײ֪ΪЩŭ
ɫ˲ɤĮ˵ȻǸ²ԣδҲ̫

̫纶Цˡ 
һʼݱ̫ѣӵǻΪۺرĹ˲žµ۶ñ֡
½κµ۵ļΪжд̵ĳ衣

һʻûݱأ˲ͱֵͱˣµĽɽһ㡣

Ź˲Խˣ˲飬մŰ檣ǰҫ̫
㣬ͽһжĴ½ƽվЩھε˵Ҹˡ

죡Ƿ½ˣԸߵŮ˵ʲôҲйΪ㡣

ߵŮǰָҪȥͱ˲סƵڵء
ɫ䣬Ƴһۣ޷Ӧɱɱܺˣ

˹˲һۣȻͷˣȷܡ
½ĿݵŹ˲飬жԼ䣬ϺȻһƣͷˡ

½±ͷͼ䣬˲麮Ƶ𣺡㡭ž
Ǻݺһ˹˲ϣһưѹ˲鶼ˣŵĶ纣塣
ίǳܵίһڹ˲Уһ㣬ޱȵ̧ϸĲƣǱǵġ

ǰȴΪ˰檼̤İãһҲˣձ˲˵òȥľء

ˣΪλҪ
ȴû뵽һΪĥˣԼÿƼά檵ʱȻʹ

¶һĨɬЦһƣӦʹǡ
һ뵽˲ͷ޹ʹһƣȻѹĿߣΪʲôΪһƣңȴܵһί½ΪλҪǰ
纴δ뵽ԼȻڵʡ

ڹ˲ĪУҲûȵ𰸵һЦ
ĿͷһһĵˣǸϳȥ 
ʹڷɱͷ­ɸ߰š
ǻƽΪĽҲǿűĥѿڵڼ

ػߵŹǰǰŹ˲İ檡 
빬澶ѵǹ˲ľǶҵĽʿǱػǽĳ
ɴ˿̣ǵĳ
ЩĹȣЩʿͷġֻʮ澣Ʊ׺
֪ػ

˲ɿǣס½µ֣˱ԼһۣϢ纡
ת뿪ʱ򣬰𣬴½ֱ߻½ʶȥץµ䣬ȴץ˸ա 

Ϊ˹İȫ롣Ϊλֵһ˲ĸ̲ס˵Ҳ̫ˡ
罫仰ߵʱįһЦػİȫ
ǰɣһʵʵڣʹͺҲʵʵڵġ
Ĺˡ
ҵ纣Ĳٺ͹˲κǣ 






7.     һΣѡ˭

ҹʱ֣ǱĵɱѵġĻ⣬ŽյĴ

ƿŻ⴫ķŵķ
㣬㣬췴ˡ˳£ûˣȴһѲ˵
£ǹ˲ǱΪ飬Ҷɱȥ޽εϣд˼ᶨ
˴빬Žֵ³Σգ˳ˡ

Ƚ˵
ɨԺɫ䱸ľĵȻ´׵ϢվҴ⡣
Ǿ˶Уȱȥ˵

˭֪ǰŹţžԺűƵ죺££ȾǷˡ
⴫ͩɽĴǷ˱븮еЮˣ¾Ⱦ

ͩɴ󺰵ĺ͹Ƕƫͷ纡
䲻εʵ㣬òҪȥǸ˰ɣ
纲죺УҾȻǻͷʥĸ 
ȻǡŮҡͷͬʱ룬ɹǣһһ裬ñȫİ֮˵İ֮ˣǸ춯صĸأ
׼һôأһӲѣôأ

ǲ䡣һ۾Ϳʲôڡ
½±ѾɱϷͬء

££ȾǷ˰Ժ⣬ͩɽкԽԽ
üôȥѾɲˡ

ȥ˴Σȥι˵Ҫ塣
ȴһקס첲ˣʱ߶Ī嶯
һ߰קһ߶Ժľ˭ṦȽϺãɳȥ˸Σ

˲ػ纵ľƬ̣иԲСʿ֣ɬЦҿԡ
ȥ˵꣬ĵ㡣

СʿǰʱһֻȻķվŵ纡
Сġ
Сʿ˹ڰ뿪Ĵǰ
ۡСʿ󱳣ϵȥʱ򣬻ƽ˴

ݣ
ݣ
ǵصļϮԺţɱ˽Ѿ߿


ػ纵ľߺһεȥѾɱһ

ô죿ôѾǻס㡣ɱſˡ
Ȼϲ赶ŪûֱѾûֱ

ס֣Ĵɨӣڴ齣ڴȥ
ƵʱȻѾ  
ѾסˡҪ»ţͳ
Ϊ׵Ѿﻹ½¡

֪ʵ۳谮纣ڱ֮ʱĸ뽫׽纣вʵۣ 
˭֪׽ѯʵʱ˾Ȼָ½µ¸˵ס
Ѿȥ׽ס½֮󣬲ŷԼ׽ˣҪɱ֮ʱ½µѾͩȴ˵ץ
û뵽ͩԺſڽ˴죬Ժ˾һ㶯ûС
Ѿŭ֮£Ӳ

˳谮㣬ѵĲ˱µȥӣ˵ܾȱһ
ĹƨǸıץˣǻץ ڴ纵
ץ˸ʣһǰ㣬ĵǻˣ 

뵽ֵ֪ǱʧˣǴ˿̷˳ãڸǰ飬ǲ
Ϊ˱Щܴɱ䣬纶˵룬췴ʧܣųնǲԼ룬ҲΪظĸŮ롭
ҲûƼǵģֻҪǽеͶ͵û
ո׷˵顣Ǹӱ䣬޷ǾҪ»ʧܣȴǵֻɱͷ֮ˡǺο໹ҪΪ

ⷬ˵Ѿµı䣬ٶͶ˼
ͷ˻иտ˵ͱѾһ
ĸ׷档սմѪĵɫ壺˭Ͷǵ³
䣬ﵶָŽյţҳȥѳץ
ֻҪץ˳вϣ˵ӻзĻᣡ

Ѿ˾˹עһ
˶ڣ͹˲纵һӾȣԶʤ١

ٲҾɱˣ
ۿѾҪʱսеĲ˵ҧƴˣҲҪй
վססҪңֻҪҳȥˣǱ¡

УҲóա˵Ŷˡ
ɵǲɱҵġĿº͵ЩѾɱ˺ܼ򵥣һѻ˷ӱǡ
ûУǾ֤ʱã

ѾҪײǿʱźȻ˴򿪡Ѿһ㶣Ƽ˫ۼᶨĴ߳ȥ
纳ֵʱѾһ㶣ΪŴĲ˵Լǰ 

ҿߣǲ˺ˡв˵ֱƽ˲Ӽ֣ҾҲߡ
Ȼ᲻ػһأûĺúá
ⲻ֪ѾʱãܾһЩˣһЩˣƬ̣Ƭ̡

뵽˴̧ͨŷ
ϣü

Ϊ˱ˣյ纣ѾϸһĨ ģֻҪǣǾͲ˺ˡ
䣬ǰ纰ס

Ѿ纳ߵʱʵͷŮأ
Ѿűס½£ں˵ɱˡ

纺½¶һ㶣Ȼû뵽ѾȻá
Ѿε½¿ȥʱһ֧ƳգѾ֡

ѵ
ص˲䣬˲ҹɫ׵ĿףͨĻӳšеĳ˿ڵδµѪ

ɺ磬ҹ졣ߴͦεϵԵ񣬴űɱѪ֮ 

ѾԹ˲ֵһ̣۵׾¶־֮ɫ
˲ʱͰսʤ
ӱΪˣ췴˭֪Ȼǻµӡ
еĵƽ纵ĵĲӣ󺰣˲飬İ檶
˲ףͷµ覣˫ɨѾʱӥĽ˺¡

뿪ѾͿѡȷ˳İ檡ЦţʣµһҰȫ뿪˾ǣԻȫ

纰վԭأĵΪ˵˼һ㣬ܽĺơǸܲʹôĿƽĿŹ˲顣





8.     ˲鲻Ļᡭ

ƽĿ⣬˲һϣΪ纮̶һţûҲûа·֪Լѡһ㣬֪ù˲ܡ

ùİΣ½Ȼ𣬹˲Ŀ½΢ͦСϣüͷһ
˲飬㵽ҪôѡѾͬʱѵͬʱƽ纺½¡
˲ɫһ俪ڣѱɱӲġɫ˵㵨˺һ˿һɱţ

˲һʱԥľ̬ȼᶨİγѾƽһ
˲飬ң
ܵвѾ죬ʹ纼ĵУָһЩѪȾĵУͨĻдޱȡ

㡣ǳǰȴ˲ʾ⾫ס
ΪųֳѾƽһкɭȻʯ֣ӣļˣǱǣﾡ壬ϾѪ

ס죡ʯĿѵĵ֪֮ΪӵĴҵʹﾡкθϵǵң
ʯ֪˲Ѫ飬սϴδв

ʼղû׽纵񣬽ʯɫһݣס纣յڱס½ֱϻһ

˲ͫһ΢ı仯ʯֿ۵ס
ЦһõֱָѪֹ½Ц˵˽İأﻹĺӣҲܲ˰檵𣿡

ʬ޴棡ǰ޶ԵĹ˲飬˿̻ɢŨҵɱ⡣
½ૣжȫ᣺ҵó޺
Ĵ壬ù˲˫ҲҲµģ
صĴɷΣ֮ǰҲ塣ֻ壬ķ̼ˣ
ӳɫĮȻʹ񣬿ȴһĨЦ 

žЦУ½ָŲԻĶӣƴҡͷͨ䣬ʪգɢױݣҪΪŹѾ

⻰ǵЦԽԽ۵׵ķҲԽԽ
ˣֻһڻԭ䣬ǡǰ˲İػҲӲ
ػҸ
ֻŪΪԼܳնϹȥµʱЦһƣ˺һǰһľأʹɱ֡
˲½²ˣİĺޣҪ
ȻףԼĴڣֻڽҪͷԹ˲½µء

ԽңǵİԽꡣ
˲ѡѡ񶼲Ҫˣֻǵвʡ¹˲鲻ñݣóΪб˵ڻҡ

Ŭ;ģҲܱĨȥ
˲鲻ŵĻᣬ취ԼԼ

˿̣纲Ź˲飬κˣ
ĵ׵ѹίͲȫʧˡ˲ñ䣬еֽ߬Ŵױ̨ϲĽ

Լ׼Ϊ
Ҳ֪Ӻ޲ýʬεĺԸԼ䵽ѾУֻ³ֻһĸҡ

ʯ֣ӶѾˣ㻹ץ线ѯʡ
ĺʯţӥצƵģĺ΢ĺǱᱻԷ顣
ʻʱʯֿסǵ֣ƽ˼֣ʵ͸飺Ӳ

Ϊβ㣿һֳʣв˲飿Ц㿴𣿡
졭
ʯַŭ󺰡
Ҳ֪Լץʣһ֮ޣȻȲһҪֻҪץ㣬Ҿӽ񡣡
ʯֺƵĴ˵ĩҲҪӽ񡣡
ŽʯֵĴ󺰣纳ͬʱ߬еĽݺʯֿסԼ

ľʹýʯֳʹ֡
˲䣬һֻɱڵĴ뽯ʯüġʶķȥֻһϮ쵺ҹɫ

ɱ
˲ĽɱĽʿ糱ˮɱѪĳǰ

Сġ
Ĵ󺰣ӰѾеļʿȻذس纴ɱȥ

纣
˲ֽͫ纡ǧһʱ̣½ޱȵļ𣺡ҡ
纵Ĺ˲ʶǰס½µѾεն½¡
纺½ͬʱܵΣյʱ򣬹˲½¡

ǰһУΰ㣬һжóٻ
ʿеذҪĿʱĿⶨŹ˲һնɱ˺½µѾͬʱſֱ۽ס˱ŵɫ԰׵½£˫ڵӣȫǵۡ

ǰĻ棬ʵʹ
ΪǱ˺κ˶ף˲ѡ
ֻǣһʼһ㡢һڴѡ

ʣһڴɢָо׹£ûκһоɰԽ׹ԽϢľȻӿǵأ˺ѷΡ
ȫʹĻҲĺХ

ذ״ɱ⣬Ŀڵʱʶ̧סĵС

ڵлĵһ˲䣬ѡһƳյײƭ˷ĵСͬʱһѺݵĵնʿֱۡ 

һĳȻ²纵ͬʱұ̧𣬡͡һӹ˲龫ĵкݺݹᴩʿš

̧߷˱д͸ʿ纴ɱз˳ȥ쵺ۣڻлѪȾͳɫ

ˣֵ
纵ȫش£ɫĶµϣҲŭ
û裬ֵ𴽽ǣұκ˶š
˫й⣬ȴίۡ

ӿʹĿڡ
ǱüצӣѪܵ˺Ƭʹɬۿɺĺ塣

±˫ۣȴͷϰһѣɤͳһɰԵķ⣺ţԶ
Զǲǧˡ纲ĿһۣƼϵŭתʵ̫Ҹˣ

µǧ
˻һֱѹĿڵĴʯͷء̥۰ӵ½£οĹ˲飬ޱջĿ⣺̫һع

»ʱȻ˲纡
纽Ųһ٣ڹ˲УûͷǷµֱۣ
Ƽ纾ıӰ˲üͷһ壬ʶ׷ȥȴ½½קס¡
ڣ¡˲ͷ

㳵ҹɫ
˲ʶ̧ƼҹɫнʻԶͷһȻһɻҺͺ¡

ˣȥϢ˲װ½£׷ȥ
ͩɷס½£Ź˲գ۾ʧǰһʱ԰ס 

㣬˺öˡ
ϣ޿յĿڱ̫ҽҩ纡

纺ƣȻδ˼Ҫ˺öѪ
䵱ƼѪⷭЩ룬ƼĹͷ˿ʱȭ˲쵰ȻİΣȥǸˡҶҪøɱ





9.     ˭޵纣

˿ڻȬġο
ϲŰײվѪ纣һƲžôܲģҳ㰡ôصˣѹˡ


⺢ӣͻޣ޵
̾һЩǳ˵޵ôѹ޶ҿˡ
һĨᣬֱֱģҲޣ㿿ſޡԼļ򣺡ɳ㣬޶öԡ

ȻӣʧЦ
ۿļͷǼѪȺŵҩζҡҡλεĳǰߣϻӳ޳ͦεӰ·ųĵһ㶼Ƶġ
̴Щ̾ĵð 
ĺܺãܺá

ٵ쳹ҹɫ
˻ͣסε纲ˤȥ

纡
⴫˲ĺ
̧⡣
쵰ҲŭӣҪ壬ȴס
㣬ʱˣ㻹ŭڴ
ϵĹ˲šüͷ΢΢һɣֻ֪Ҫ׷纱ض
ͬ˻ɫʱϣĵĲŪеޡİ쵺ۣҹɫĹ⡣

ʲôأ纵ҪҲ飬ҵô½ˣ
˲ɫһ
²Ū޵ֻһ٣漴õĴָĦޣǵЦӳҹɫĺһ

ʱˣȲȼš纵ִڴ̫Ǽع
Ѿ쵽ſˡ֣תͷеһӣ˻һ˦Ĺ˲飬յſʻȥ

վס˲
˭֪ܵԽˣͳĽʿǣĿбӵԽ˲鳯ǰߡ

ǶǱӻĽֻ˲ûʸǡ

ۿʻŵʱ򣬹˲ɫһеӴ˻һ񼲷Ƶĳ˹ȥ纵ǰ

纣һȥ
˲ϣĿضĿ⣬͸ڳڵϡ
ȥ
Ц
˲黹ţƾʲôΪĴغԼܸȥ

纣ˡ˲ս֣ʹԽ
е޺Ȼһ,žһڹ˲ϡ

˲ɫһŭ
ǸֶµǸƵƯǵǸ⣬Ц

纡ꡱһЦûƼ¶ֵһĻرԸ纶˿ϵЦš

纵Ц˲ɫȸղŻ
ߵǰһ̿ĿĶϻЦ纣ޱ˵ͬһȥ

ϵЦһ˲鿴Ǳġ
ѹίΪʹ
ʱڴǰʹҹʱĺúŵԣС⣻԰εͷʱ緢򸸻ּ˵´Ϊޡ
ʱԼ⣬Ժͳҡ

Щ÷ʱû䡣
ŮǱ˸飬ԽĻϲİһˣԽΪԿͷί
һһһΣһһˣֻܻͷĺá
ֻ͹˵ı飬ĵˣֻŮ˻ǰ£ɽˡ
ԾɰŵԺԣֵһᣬ绯ɳʯһ飡

ܹίʧҲˣҲٲΪĮ̬ȶ顣
纵ЦһϾĿϡʹӺֶѪܵıҲѪȾࡣ
ŵȴűȹ˲ɫ˫Ҳȹ˲ĸ䡣
ȥǱ򣬱ͲҪˣǸҲҪˡ
ΪƲ㣬ȸ˲ӸµĿ֪´ڰ㲻Σա£ֻҡ
˵Ҳ͸еĺӶʣΪȡ֣ǰġ

ǰ
ˣǰ
Ц̧ͷЦδǰĲã۵׵ĹվǱ¶ȡ
ĳܳ΢Ц߹ޱȣҪˣǰأ
⼥˲飬ģ㻹ŷĸ̬߰ȡѵû㣬㣬ڱͱ˵ʸûС

˲ȢΪ檣ĵ׵ŭ˴ݲҷ޶յҲݲ£
̵ŭ⣬纶Цˡ
ǰίʧأ˲鶼δ۹ģ⡣
նϹȥˣˡ

˲ʵǸĹεˣԸǣֻԼ˼롣Դֱˣίʵ˱ߺԹޡ

ѹ˵һ仰ԽҵŮˣԴɵ̬ȱԽִ
ݲ£ݲºйصһСЦԽ䣬ŷǣ˲飬סһ˿һ궼ûС
˲ҧЦ㵱¼ޣû꣬Ǳޡ
ǡ 
Ц
űƵֻ֣㱻ϵƣڼ̹ǵľʹУ¼ޣҲǵֻǻʼ׸⵹ѱ׸檣ð˻ʼе㲻ģİ檡
㣡Цãܺã㵱Ҫֵѿ

˲ˣ˺öѪ½µѾͩ׷ɤſǻ˵
˲һ㶣תͷ뿪ʱͷĿһۣظ 

纳һЦޱĶıӰʧҹɫвðκջĿ⣬۵ع 
£ĵǿģ۽ǵɬ֮Ҳеġ
ѹ۵׵ȳһĨЦ
ԴˣǸȥǸʹĹȴһ纳׸ˡ 
ʻֺ޴ĹʱŵŨصѪ
⣬ʿ͹ڴѾʬѪĻӳǽƵһС

纺ԼеŮǣȴͨͨ˿
ѾԸ˺󣬵ƻǧ꣡

Լһյ֮ͣס
ˡ
º͵洫Ŵӷҵ˼л

ƿ纱´ϷδվȣһƵӰӴг 
纡
ʵ̧ͷ۵ӣӵųԼ
˫ǵ˫ʱ˫ϥһЩˤҺһֱ£ʱס 

ʡ
Ȧĳȥɫί˽˻ʵۻС
úúãͺáʵɫοļ谮纣Ȼʺ۰ĳŮ
纲϶ŴѪıʱʵиһĨŭ˭˭޵纣  





10.     ݷʥּ

ǿѹӻʵɢǶսսĵͷ
ɫǵĻʵۣίͰ͵ӣŮѾЮʱ˵ġ

й˲Ǹ޵Ļ˶ŭʣ֪Щӣжࡣ
ڻʵŭ˫Уò׼Żʵ۵ɾ״ǰձһΣҹ˵˲ǻ˻Ϊ˰檵İΣ㣬ѾЮֳʱ򣬹˲鲻Ϊ

һ뵽ó㰲Σˣڳ½Ǽͬʱ֮ǵʱ򣬹˲㣬ܲľ°檣ͺ޲ýǶԹŮж˿顣

̫ȣʽǼˡһ뵽ȥޡ 
ɾ״ʣҪΪ 

ʵ۵ѹųŭͷʱ۵׵ĳŭ˳᣺޵ܿˡ
ڻʵΨУΨȻʺµŮᡣ
ŴСԼ谮ĳ˺ίͰ͵ģʵ纵ͷĵ£Ϊ 

ºˣиʳ˲ǸʼĻ쵰Ҳڳǰ
ܰĹڣϴɾ̵ſߡ

ͣЩ˯ˣҲ˯ɡ澰ɽڵֻʣ΢ļյƻ

ƣصϤΥĹУһ밲ҩ˯˹ȥ
˯УӣС죺˯ҿɱ۳㡣 
ͷڽ˯£ԼĹɽίʵľĶǣų㣬ܰ˯

ҹˮھȨԣҹעǸҹ
˭뵽һϢķֱֶѹ
췴һϵˣԱųն壬һʱĻ̡̻ҹϹٷڸеȺµ
һҹĵȼиȥ

˵ٹȫɪɪĹںԪ⣬Ⱥ򸸻糯˵Ļɫ͸ԼƵãɸֻټ̫͹˲顣

˲飬ŭ塣
纱ֵĵǱȻǰһжһ㡣

˵ʶ˹˲һıȨ̫ԣ̫ѾǵΪˡ

һ´ְ̫һԾΪ׸νһ졣
ϸ֮£Ҳ⡣

˲սպգʾҪѹҲһҸʱضһ֮⣡
ֻܴɣһһʺѡеĶ¡
˵˲龪žޣԺգš
±˫ȫȺڣ£ſҲΨ˲鿹⡣

ǾŮӣ޵Ľءһ̾˵ǲ֪Ż࣬ȴǸ֮ˡ

ԼײһĻŵĴ˸룬룬Ҫجεģ 

ʱ 
ʵߵֹ̧ŷüЦ˵롣 

ŷ죬ʮӵųԪȥʱ
ԶƼԪſڣһŮӡŮԣվͦεĹ˲顣֮£˲̧½סͷҵ⡣

Ϊҡ½ɫ԰׵Ź˲飬ΪңҲᱻ°ְ
޹ء˲鿪ڣ½ǰŶͷĺ 
еһĻ纽ճȥ˶³
ĶƼˣ 

ߡ线ڷϣԸ˼ӿŲ߹ȥ
˭֪½ȴȻס

½˲鱻Ȩһ£顣ںԪſڹ˴գȴϵ涼ûš
ƼʱȻӵվס纵ķ죺һжҵĴ㲻ҪΪѷ

̫ãϥǷ飬վʱЩˤ˲ֿİ˻ڻ
½ĿУ纵ԭ·ջ֮⣬ҡҡ
ҧĿͨ۹˲飬ۺ;˵Ը뿪

纣
û뵽Լ뿪ˣĵĻɫ
½ʹ˭ΰ纾ʹĵ׷С

бڷϣӸµС˵Ŀڹ˲黳е½¡
˫Уէ֡
½¼״Ҵƿ˲飬ɫдһ˿ųĲ԰ף֪ΪΪ檣ϹｫġԸΪ˳еΣֻĪҪڹｫˡ

⻰˶졣
һˮ֮󣬹˲Լʱ
½µʱҲ˴Ȼվ˵ΪԼԭý͹϶ԸԼǰԼĪҪٺͽ 

ʱ˲ίԼˮԼ 
أ
½¾Ȼǰһ

纾Ӹµһۣš
½ɫһϲЩѹĻͷŹ˲飬Ⱗݣһҽˡ
̧֣С˲Ųҵ½˵ԺǶҵĳŵһһⰮҳ΢ܰ;ֻϺȡ

ģҳŵҪһһ˲ס֣ŲĻ½£ƻ|˿һ᣺㲻س
ǳݲҡ½鵣ǵ̻Ի͵Ĺ
һӶ̤ĵطɳȴڴ˴

𳤹ڷϣǹ°ıһȺػŵĸ߹̬ĵ׾вѻԱ
ҧ´űӵŴӹڴ߳纣һʥּɫ԰ס

˲飬ʥּ͸㡣纵ְʥּݸ˲飺ݷʥּ
ǰά½£½ºͰĹ˲ɫһ䣬̧纣˪ʣ㾹Ȼʥּ

纲ĳ𣬶ЦЦ䣺½ּɡ
ڹ˲ŭȴòУ½ȴϲ档ֻҪ뿪ˣԷĳ谮ض̧Ϊޡ

Ƽ½۵׵ĻŭţһЦҪĶеȴҪĽ
ڴʱֹӹ˳ּ
ֹбɨ¶ϲ½£һĨЦ½£½ּ

һνʥּ½µľĹڵϣֹ¿ͣ½£в꣬Ϊ檣ãף̳нϮ֮λ

ʥּһ½ͷҡҡ׹ 
̧Ŀߺ޵Ķ纣ΪʲôΪʲô㶼ˣȴҺù
󵨵󸾡ֹһԵС̫죺ƾҲͳᲢۣ
žžȵ½ͨ죬ֱ˹ȥ

˲齫˱֮ʱ纶ûӦʵû뵽ʾȻּ⣿˲鱾͹ɱѾ֮رǻʵҲɵ

ɵ纣Ǹûչ˺㣬ί㡣ʵ︡һĨɱ⡣
ı˲ݷ˲ȴ˻ּ½Ϊ檡

һ檶ѣ˾ˡ
û뵽װˣչŲǶʱ䣬˲龹ȻҰ̧ΣӭȢ½Ϊ檣纡
˲浱Լ





11.     ȶ


㣬СʳֳţΪԣ
һסڱǣ͹ǺںùĶ飬ĵĲû³

⣬óڼ䳯˼ĺ롣ˣһ£ǳ
ֳֺĶء

гζЦе˵㲻ǺϲԳ𣿡
һ˺󣬱ŲΪ˺ģѽеʳ޵С
оʱζ㵱纡

˵˵ôϲֳֶĵĶóڶԼϲֶĵܣ


Ŷӵĳǩһţιߡ

ԡһüȴʵϵſҧסʱﻹдʣҪǱιҳȥնˡ
ޣ
ݴִǣһҧŨ֭ˮڿǻбƺͦġ
üͷһţȻ죺㣬һҪ
ʱǵó㡣
ֻСһͣ໴纳һЦִһųι

˭˭ڽϴࣿˣ˸ȥնˡһڴͬʱֱ̳Ʒ˳̯λ

̵͹ڵϣҺù˼ʱסˣȻˣҲЩͽ˵ȹϡ
һϵѱŪ࣬ȡޣͳ»ѵŮݺݳ˹ȥ

ž
Ůĸ첲Уұ۴Ļʹüһɱ˵ֱĿڣˣɱǡ
λᣬɱ˭ЦӶϵٴγĹλϺݺݳȥ
λҲǳصģű⧲һؿɲ⡣
һţ̤һģշͬʱγı

ҵ˭ôӣҺͱԣԭ͹λĵĶʱ񻹼ʵɨվԱߵ纡

Ҷǹƫƫֻ纵ĻӻŮǲݡ
ĻС͹һֺ纡
Ϊ纵ĹϵҲ˸Щ谮ֱ纴ţӲĹÿһ

Ҳ⣬Ĵ֣˶Ĳɿ˲Χ̯İ޹ꡣ 

ס֣ɫõĺǳ⡣
ޣĹλȴ£еĳЮķڵֱĿڡ

üֱ̯λϵٸ׼λֽ֡
顱
λʹƫһ硣
ܹҪһһӣеһλĸ첲һӣλ˴ķ˳ȥݺ˸ղűƷĳ̯λϡ

ꡱ
βǴһѵһĴ̹ǵľʹʱβӵ֫ٺʹɫҰס

ˡλг˲ͻ۸ҡ
ޣȸ״Ҳǳصġ
˫ֲָű˴ӵϷλЦ۸㣬ղһǱҪҵȥġ㻹ˣҪȻȥǰ˭˭

㡭λۿͨ죬ֱµ˭֪ƫĳͳһģʵȻˡ
֪Լɲ˰̧ߵʱ򣬻ݻơ

ƾƣ˭㲻ɣЦ˵е޻ӵĺ죺һҳ黨
񡣡纺ǳ⣺˵Ҫأܳ嶯ꡭ
˺ˣ֪ˡֱڵĳƪۺɮһੲݣղȶ֣ҽĺˣ㡣
һ˵Ҷֻڿͷ˵˵ȥնˣɱˣûɱˡ

纣
ͦ͡

ͷ˵˵ҲС纳ǹһ仰µ˾ͻᴧ⣬ʱ򣬻ӿڳ
纽ʱصű̧ߵλᡣ 

һӵǻλᱸܳ谮
ƭ¥̣ˤ˫ȣҲλӰӡ
ң˫һһţλᰮӡ 

̧ҽλᣬİν˺üˣˣˣ!
ˣһҪǸۡλ˫۷ݣᵽ纵ʱɭԹޡ

ʬôˣλȻʣ˫ͨ죬Ŵ˵ϡ
һ⻰ŵĵľĴΧûˣŸλߣСعѾķԸȥˡ 
⻰λһЦ˵磬㱨ġ 
⻰ɫһ䣺Сĸǽж

ԣԼĹˣľı£˫ۣѹס۵ɭɱ⡣
κҽҩӱ½ŵ˵ҩ˽ȥ

**
ǵõóһµ꣬ϵﶼŪˡ
ĳµֲ꣬ڣƣʱýһͲ˵ɢһζĹң

ԣҪ˵ĳ¡
û룬ҵĳƶ쳣Ư 

̽ȹÿһȹӣݸ纣ĳ㻪ˡ
㡣纵̽ȹˡ
ҪǰһϺʱƹĺȻһ׾ȹЦ˵Ǳ֮ĳľ绪ˡ

ѽȹƯһġ
һѣȫͷ䣬ɫǵŰдǳ糺죬Ŷʧر纵Ļϲ

ð£ŮҶϲƯ۵һֵ֮üЦ
ʱˣƯƯ̫Ưˡ
ϲ̵ıȥҿͷһðɵͷκͲҡһ 

ҲƯЦ˵̽ȹϣƯ˵
ԷĿһЦּˡ

һĿԼϣ̧һԹźȲ£ЦӯӯԼȹȥ֮ʱ뵱ؼտģȻ乫

纱͵ĿⶢЩڣָ̧ޱߵĲҡ򶨵ʣǮ
Ц͸ҪǮ

纴Цرġ
ûŮҵõȹĵġ
Ǻִܶ磺֮ܰ׵ãǮһҪġ

Ȼˣﱾְɡ
纲Уº˵˱ܳĹǹ֣ʱйǵ֪󣬶ӵ׷Ч¹Ĵ´硭
СضմĹ⣬һԾΪĳµꡣЦе纣ʱ¹ٶܶ׬Ǯ




12.     桭

ѽ͸֣׬ǮЦرҪǱӸġ
ڽԹգЩӡϲ𾴵ĳӹ̡

ʵʱ̲סʵ࣬У
Ц᣺ơ 
ǡԴϣֻһ˫ķűοˮɫ

ƣƣֿ֣ʲôͷ𣿡
ģΪʣ񡣡ʫ󣬶˵ƽʱ飬㲻Ե֪ˡ
䣬һһǲı£д¡ơ֡ 

߳µʱͷЦ£Щɻͷ
ĴΪʲôЦǳɹԵѵĺꣿ


һֱſ£֣Ц˵ѻûǮ
ԴһҪǮֱˡ
޽εдãȻ಻˵ҳô

纻ȥʱϵЦԽԽºͣء
վɫֻͣͳģѣǵøǮ

Դʱŭˣ㡭
ɨȥʵʱήˡ֣û

Ϊ֪¿ŴݰףޣʵǸɪɪӡ
ԼײһĻʣ࣬ҪǮ
ǧ´΢

ǧ
ڹ˵ʲô
ξڣ˽ûôӡ

㣬ô죿ܲܰĵ纡
ɶԺ󴫳ȥѶǶˡ 
ҪǱˣ˾ˣࡣ


࣬ȴߣȻù˽Σ纺ѯʡ
Ѿ͹ѺͷΣû˰һˡ

ʵһиõİ취׵ɪɪ£纵ʱЦᡣ
˫лй⣺ֻҪӦһ£ɡ

£
ֱֱ£һϮ쵺ۣбαϣɫӣﻹ룬һ֣ҶȻúдд֣Ͼû뵽Լ־ȻֵǮ

¿ŮվڸǰɫԼ
ЦˣΪ˫ǰտǰң使޵Ļ
ǿģƱɫĴ볤ȽǴӳ顣
Ҫӳ飿ֺҪ൱Ҫˣ
صͷȹ߽ȥ

Ѷɡ»ͷԸ
Ѿӣ׼չ֮ʱ̧ƼǶĶʱ۾ֱˡ

öóԵġ
۽ӡռŴźƬˮ⡭Ŀʳ֮⣬߱յʢŵı¶

ǣʡ
´ǣЦ˵ҶˣȳԵ㶫ٺͳ飬Σ

ԡ˫۶ʱϵȫԵģ˫峺ϲ΢⣬ϵǣһһķŹ⡣

ڼ䣬ǵǹЩѰʳ
ճΪ˳Զġ
һεи򣬱ûʲôڣ̹ˡ
¿һȥƵĳס۵ȵ㺡 

Ҫ˵һнֲҳԶӣ纵ע
ҷÿ࣬ǺܹԾ

ֹĿ纣˵ⲻǹԾǺ¡
ȻΪǰΪ̫շ㳭飬ĵӰˡ
ºˣȻסصίʵ˾档

Ⱪ׳嶯Ը纺Ȼ˸⣺࣬һ¡
΢Ц˵
̰顭˵ѧڣֻҪĥһĥ嶯Ըɡ

Ҳ
Ļû˵꣬£Ҿܾ̫ɴ࣬ίĿڣܸã˹֮ռΪΪʱ䣬̫á

纸һ֪㲻飬ҽڡ˵໹ûھܾءƫͷ˫£ѽࣿ

³һЦ˵Ժÿ³ȥ̵֮һʱ
Ǿ˵ˡĻŭţŤԸǹؼԸԺ֪ᴳʲô
Ͼһλᣬڶء

ö˱ԼľпԵĳ˳ǡܣޡ
˶δ飬ΪҪȥǴ

Աἰ£֪ͬ£ȹǮ
ܼ򵥡¶纰һЦŤͷԸһֱԱߵƹ˵ȥ

һʮõ㱻ƹĴ˹
纲ĿУЦŽͣٹ±ǹ¹빫ϣϱΪƵȹΡ
ˣñΪĳµһ߯˵ϾǵܳĹԴöȣǹ󸾶׷¡

ϻۡ¿ޣֵֽ纻е˼ն˺Ρ
ССˡ
˵꣬Цſһֱͳȹˣ㿪ô

ѧϰֵ˵ܲˣҡ
бȥһĨ߸ˡЦ˵ģ̫ˡ
Ҳġ

̵ֺܱ¡˵ҿ̵ĿģΪˡ½ĿĹ˲飬糺˵Ĵţ¾вٹԼҵġ

½ĿΣҲӵн͵
ʹһֱֺηֻҪĵ㹻ˡ

˲鴹ͷ̧ḧ½·ԵĺĻȣӽˣЩ
Ǳӡ½½Цӯӯ

˵ʶ̧˲СĻŰ檴ſڽ
桭ġ

㣬ҪҪҸǳȥһֱĵȻʡ
Թˣ˴˺ȻҳڳǰÿƼǣʮֲãԼӦ泤ǡ

纻ûش𣬹˲㿴˹
û뵽ڴ˴纣Ƽһʱ˲üͷһ󲽳纣ĶĻδ⡣ø˽ҩ

û˵꣬޶õվԽȥ
¿ĴǵЦԽԽŨ
˲Ȼû뵽ԼĺģȻᱻ¿ηΡ
ٱʱҲһɲõѹҾ룬ҲԼЦ




13.     һݷС

룿
纶סŲĿ˵ݷ򣬹˲飬סǹһݷˣ
ֱվţѣƯĺƹ㺮ӣǸ߰䡣

Ĵų㣬伫ˣҲȸղֱͦЩҲһ߰

˲һ䣬ͬ϶磺Ķˣ
˲ҲĨǣֱӵ⾩Уֻиܽ⡣

纶һֱδ⣬ĵ׻ǵǡ
ֻ纸߰Ըŭ䲻Ӳǿ

ĶŹ˲飬ϵЦҲú
纵ǵһЦδҲ̫߿½ˣǡ
˲Բ죬ƬЦĶѾˣˡ
ֹ飬㻹Ϊǡһ˳ߡ

ԶȥıӰ˲ͷѯ£Ķģǵ纶һգ¾ڳ֮أ˲ɫõʣʲôϵ
βãЯ˼㶼ˣܲеٲųˡ
˲ɫһ䣬±ĵΪôһϲ̨ĿŪ顭
޵Ĵ½£ֻ|˿һǲҵණҲ͹˲Ϲӵ

С䡣˦뿪
߰ɡ½ȦŹ˲顣
˲鰲һЦ·𣿡ס½µļ򣺡˵Ļϡپ١

½¸мһЦл
ŰЦ⣬˲˲ͷ½£ȻûĽⶾҲ㣬ţԺǶȻ֪ĺá

ֻҪվߣңҾͺܿˡ½ƽ˵͹ΪҲֵһԣϣǣ˷㲻ҹҹʧˣҲˡ
˲ļһԭһֱ˵ԼôԼ

ô˲ɫᣬ۵׵ı亮Ҳеͻ⡣
½ɫԵŹ˲˴Լüۣĳŵȳǻ
ǰԼģԳֻھζѡǲ˵ڽԼҪأ

λ˶ýһɫõ壬ķˡ
½ʱƹЦеһԴ

ʱƹȥżĺԺүЩдƷԸ߳мǮˡ 
ĲһЦҵù˲ǴĿ飬Ļˮ¥̨ȵأ
üģµ˫ʱº

ڶգ´ȥ纵ʱŹŮͶ
׼ͷãҲλһĿʱֳλִ֣һ 

վԶֱֱ纣ڻЦĲõŮкȻӿһɬ
Զǵãȥʱּ°£³ϻ׾ȹ͸

ɵҹϻؾУȴƼʮױļ޸˹˲顣
ʱƣϣĿŹ̧ϲΣӲԶ϶
紵ϲεᡣƼ޲ɷü۶ɬϲá

ѽߴ纺Ц»񣬾üĿ񶼺Ц纡
еˮưɢȥʱǰѾõŮӡ

ȥ纷Ը깬ŮֶЦ࣬ͰˣҪĥĥӡ
Ϊ飬纽һֱڹУûءԣ޺סĹһֱԭסŵҲġ

线Ц¿Ưӡ͸ɾ¼ƯˮӶ峺Ư

䴽ǣЦ˵ģСֵչߵļﻹδüߴ硣

¶ͷϸܵĺ飬ԾЦ⣬˫պͮͮӳ˫΢⣬ʻֳ
ļһĺ

קʱ򣬾Ƽһֱ㲻תۡļһò˴ģ

ʹµҪ̲סСв£࣬ѾˣͲҪҳòˡ

£ɨȥ
ɢ𺵭ĮŵˣǹŲӣвǶҳ˴ģø塣
˵꣬¾ڻүүʱ㱻鳼ݺɱˡ
ɫĲ䣺øɱ㣡
ҲǻȨӣڵ˵ٶһٴΣҳҲᱻղصġ 

ۡ
һڲͳһ߲ǣһЦĶ㷽˵ʲô
һʵͽ˵˵ҳԣղء

ʱײйŮ̫¸סȻԷô򣬿ȴɫɭŶԷ°̬ͣ˵ȻʲôԸΪǾͰԼƤղء
ʱϸֹܵЦݣ׵ˣԴ˺ҲֱŻա

㵱ʱƼˣʣͬ˵û
ûûСŵĽ͡

û˵ʲôߴ߹Щʵ
ûʲôڵ
۽ǵƳҪ̨һתǳЦӯӯ˵Сʱ¹˵һŵĽʱն¹ٶѡ

˵ʲôǰŵˣ纺ܾ档
紵ҵĻ΢΢ڷ׷ѩ仨Уڵʱڹе̫иǲĹŮ¹߰Ľ
˵ʱµɨһȦ޴⣬ĵЩ
䴽Ц۵׵΢Խ٣ʱ¹ٷʤŻλŮ¹ϲղ˶ƤλŮԼ˵ǰ㣬ԸΪҸУǾͰƤ¹ղء
Ц˵ģ΢ãֻ̬ƯĲ񻰵£ЩֲܿĻҲƺƯɫȤ

뷴ǡ
տڣбһۣŵ䣬˵ˡ
纵ø߸ˣȻأ

ȻŮ㱻ſޣԺҲûƼˡ˵΢̾һɫ˵¹ٻ˵ĺ壬Ǻõġ
̧ЦȻģǾĪҪǶԷ˼˵Щ쵶ն飬ǶԷģԼҲĪɡһתѯ纣Ķô

ԡ纵ͷ˵رԡ
ȻһºͣԴϲŮӣԸۣҲǶծ
õľӰ
˸жˮ

:
ͺܽƣôó㿴ĺĿ




14.     ̫ʶ½£


ºǿѹųһʱľͰ͵ʹ󣺡㣬ĪҪĻĺݡ
Щɬ˵ʱˡ

ۡȿȡ
ˮǺ纣ɫĪѾнԶһغɻסĻӰһɬĳ̾˿񣬾ĺҲĥԸ񡣡

ǲݣƾһ֮ƽ
Ҫ֪ʱʮ꣬ūһġ
ǲݣǰͷࣿҪֻ֪꣬겻ʮһ
ңһǻΪ۵ӣǸԶɵı

һ˵ѹȣз
纺ѹŶ飬Եǿˣ趼Թ
ϧĽܱˣԽǷѹȵԽ
-ѧƪһ֣㽫ﳭʮ飬֣㽫ﳭʮĿֲͷ£Ҳ

鰧Թһ߱飬һĽĿںɻԣһ㣬ʳ纣Ľˮ
㣬һһֺòãֲʳջչȥŵһһ֡

ͰֻͣСƵá
һһ⣺ţôŬķϣ͸ԡ 

Ư֣Ҫһιſʱһֻסһֵֻ֡
ΪʱŻ⽾Ը񡣡ºЦ纣۽ȴһɨϡ

͸һ顣ü£մһֺóԣðҲ
纡
ʮ纵̫ʱ纱ʲôö
ĳİǷ곡Ϸ

ǣոóԵģģĲԼ
ֻԼŵ֣糺Ըеı΢΢̡
ҲԣȽѧƪɿ֣αϿ˿ЦĶ纵Ӳܹţ޷ҿĶˡ

Ǹʦ纳ʵĳĴָýӣ͵
һ֣ҸšĿ£һַŻصȻ󽻸ɣʱʱԡ

ģӶСһֵİɣԼҹ񣬱ضúɡ
ѹȵԽԽҵ鰧ԹˣбҵĹ


ÿ纺ʱҲţҪʵжʵ
ԡ鼫õ泭СԴ˵ûŷԡ

ģ˫һǲǿЪϢһˣ
Ȼܡ纽˵ӲϹŵ˵ʯĳ˵
˷ܵԴȥ

㣬㡭²Ҹʲôһ޳Ӱ漲˽
˫һ̫Ӹˡ
ϲ̧ͷȥ̫ӻϲ˫ۡ
̫ӽ겻ʮߣͬ纶ȻʺͬܡҲֻǰС̵Ϊ̫֮ӣŻ¶һЩ͸еഺ

㣬ллҵһ̫Цĳһ
඼ˣȫ֪Ӿֺ͵ص㣬Ųܼʱϵһ

㣬㿴һؾ;Уȥ䱦ΪѡϺ顣̫Ӵͳһ̴ϻӣϲ̵ĵݸ纡

̫Ӹ磬أ̫֣ûиҴأ
ȻٲСġ̫صͷ̴нӹһ۳ĳϻݸϲ𣿡

ϲĴϻӣ˷ܵĶˣΪϻһİɫޡ
ֱúɫǶϲĵӶʱ򣬰ɫ޾Ȼת߲ϼ⡣
Ƽֵģ̫Ӻ϶һĨЦ
˵ǶƳɣˮ֣ıҲ޷նϡ̫ЦеԴǽػйĽ͡

֪Ϊѡ̫ҹݵȥպõͣĸϻؾǣΪܸϳ硣
̫ߵ̴ӣСżһ𳤴乧أ̫ˮ֮£һ̶δϢλˡ

ѹֿ̫Ӹ۾ﶼкѪ˿̫ӵֱϣߣ̫Ӹ磬ضЪϢ
ʵڲ볭ˣֻ뿪ĵһ졣

̫Ӳģֱƿֱۣһͳ˵ӻ̫Цеܵ纸ǰԳְࡣ

Ȼʺ磬ʱ岻ã̫Ӷʵϥ¡̫ʱƤÿαʵܷܳԷְȥ

ҵĳҲҪԡʾ
һЦãǡ
á̫Ӻͬ˵

ڴʱֹЦݿ߹˵½շԸŷ׼磬̫ӺλƼܷ
ֹ·̫ӶʱɢڵЦʵüĿȳ

ȻʺʱеĴͳʵۺȻʺ÷ٳʹȻʺźЩ꣬дҹҹŻʵº

ʵ۶һ䡮޴ӦֻһλӣҲֻһλλӣµԣͬ١ٴ޾ֻгΪɮסˡ

ʵ۱󳼱Ƶĳңܹ
ԴԺûĸ󳼸ڻʵǰº¡ں󹬴С񣬶ɹ

纣գ޾¡ٹ٣ڻ¥Ϊʱ֣ͬȫµ˶޵ʵ۴Ȱ纡

ʴǼ£ٹͲ˰ɡ˵̫˷ѡ
ǵõӵǻ󣬸ԼҲ֣ͬ˲ƣǵðԹԲ

޵ֵȫõĶʵȴ롣
ǻһǸʥľǻΪʮ꣬Ȼʰܵ⻼Ľɽ̫ƽʢ

Ҫģ޵纽ʮˣ뵱ĸôʱ򣬶ĸˡȻʺ󣬻ʵиһ˿į

乬ȱʳĳȻʺĸ壬ס
˾ٲάʱģʱһڱȻľ˸
һͶ⣬ΪˣಡȻʺҲ˰壬ȥ

Щѵ£ʵۿˡ
Ŀº͵纣磺ĸ֪ްչ˵ĺúõģǵ纳ҸŮӡ

ʣڣдڣұҸġЦ
һڷ
һؼһ֣ں˶úûţѾˡ

纲˷֮׵ĺӣҸһ㣬Ͱջȥ
ӣҪ͵͵Ź纣ȰʵҲòԲٹ֣ͬȫµףǱġ

ĴӦˣ˳谮ŵҸ
̫Ӻ԰ʱǵЦǶûͣ

̫Ӹ磬á˷ܵ˫۶ڷ⣺ˣҲñѹű飬ˡ
ֻǽնѡռ鳭顣 
紵ͷӻڼ˼ͷҶЦΨüˬ졣
ιӣ
ڴȤϳӱȰӻʱ򣬺ԱߴŮιӣΪλڹ
̧ͷվڻǰǳɫŮӣ½¡ 
ιӣû뵽ڴ˴㡣
Ӵ̫º͵ɫ½Ҳ¶˵ϲá




15.     ½һٴ


Цߵ̫ǰЦ˵ڲ׶ʱ򣬻ûüлӵľ֮

һĻֱüңû뵽½º̫ӻоɣ
Ӵ½¸м̫ӣºһЦǰȥ׶˽һʱѩʩҩ½¡
ʱң־½һº̫ҲûϣֻλŮҽҽģ˾塣

ιӣҿɫƣûϢã½ϵ̫ӣɢϢ
½£ô԰ģ½Ĵ˵еӴų½ϳȥ

½ʱȴСĲȵȹڣ̫Ǳˤȥ޷̫ʶַס½£Ӧףܿɿˡ 

лӡ½ɫ糺̫ӵл
֮Ͷѡ̫һԭǹ˲̧ΣӭȢţóܾίİ檣
ֻһլˣΪλİ죿 

ղŶð֪̫ݣ̫½ֻǹ̫ɫƣͣһʱҽߵݡ

Ŀ⼥ĵ½£ӴŸ˾ԳҽߣڽʱҳԲѵʱûԳҽߣҲûƼŮβ
½¹Լ̫Ӹʮֲݣ̫Ӹǰм˵꾫ͻṴˣҲ֪˲֪֪ŵԸ񣿡

ɫ½޹ǣܾίĵЦ
ǰ½¶һֻھĴҷɡҽߵͷٹβʱ˶İ

ʱӣҲ̰Ե
ǰۼ˲͵ǻΪ۵ӣΪ½Դס
һǲ̱һǰԵǰ߸Σȣ߾պգر˵ٹٵ棬ɱ˶Цȥ

û뵽Ӷʬˣү½º̫о֮Ե֡
үƫ½£

ݽҷˣһȥ纲̫Ӻ½иĽӴ
̫ϵ㣬תߵߣ԰ȥ

̫ӡ½̫ʧӰһû̫βء
ĹλһжȻ֪½º̫ӻһԵ֡

½֪̫ܲӺһĸͬĽܡλݵߵ½ߡ
½С۵ģ˲Ϊ˰Ҫˡ
½½ãܴӹ˲úô
Զ½£Ĺλ̬Ѻã֪˵̫ӺС󣬸Ѱ˼ҵĽܶҪ׺񡣡

½üЩա
ôˣ԰½뿪Ĺ˲飬檳üչģ
½䣺ң᲻̫Զ

˲һԺиַңң纡ƺúܿģȫЦ⡣
µսĵĻǷżժһʹ߹ȥժͬһ֦ͷһ

˲һֱΪݷֻһʱԣʥּΪʱ纣ĵ׻
룬ֻΪעɿսĵ纣ĵ׳ʧ⣬˵ķŭ

ʲôʱõ纣ȻҪ뿪ˣ
δ纻뿪ֻǾôվú纽½µĴڣͬعںá
ޣʱİ 

£ܵҺ֮Ĺϵ˲ʵ 
ҵķұϰȨĺ潫ǡ½¿ڹ˲黳ĿǰĿգ˵Ը⡣


纻صü̫ӡ
ĺõ̫ӲӺ󳾣Ҳ½ֻŮȥ

ݽ㡭áֹֹ
Ƭ̺󣬻ָ˵̫ӣһ߲һЦ˵½£
㾹Ȼ֪𾪣ǲҲ£

˲顣̫һ˵һ󽫾ȻΪһŮӶ˴ǰ̡ʵû뵽Ů˽飬Ȼ˳ԣӢ̡

̫ĵף˲Ǹս˲ţΪһС檣Ŀȫǣ
Ŀ۵纵֣ίˡ

ǡ̸½£Ϊ˵ίƣ̫Ӹ۵Լģֱˣ½Σ

̫һ㶣Ȼü̸̫³֮檣²ס
ػһ㶣̫һľӷ緶ȻЦ
ˡ
ĵܵܣС㱻ʽ̵ΪһصӺδƹµľܺ͹˲ϲ̨ĶᲢۣ

˲鰮½£ʹ֪İ檲ңɰ䱦
˲˵½Ը޻۶
˲˵ĵĴ⣬ҽύȨӶİĽ͹˲ĳ谮켺

һͰ񣬿ǲ޹֮˶½֮֡
˲Ϊ½µ޺ܾίȴûմŵѪ½¶ˣڹ˲鿴޶๼ 

ôںأ
½ĵҪǸˣ˵кθϵ
˶ĵˣű˴کļ갮飬к˵Ķ¡

뵽񷢺ݵ롣
һ½»ҪŹ˲ĳ谮кصĹ̫ӣ͵ɡ

ݽĵܵܣǵ̫ӣδľǱ½˽붼½һٴˡ

ٽǰգŵƽʣ洦ɼϲһĻ
ǳʮǽĵʮ˸ˣ⴮ˣС϶͸ˣ÷Ҳմմǳϲ졣

ƻԻ͵Ĵϣ½ɫ̫õеˡ
Ϊ뿪ˣĴӰӣ

㿴˻ǡ½´ͷŹ˲Ц
˲ĲɵһۣջĿ⡣·ȺеʱҲδƽǰ㣬ֻס½£šüͷҹɫУƻͨĻ¥֪Щʲô

½Ц⽩ϣе˺Ȼײһ
˲鲢δͷǺȻȳǰȥ񶨶ضǰŶеӰ


䱻קס˲鲻òͣ½ŲȴͷҲûصʣ£
½¼񶨶ȺУԶĴһֻƣƫͷյߵ˵˫͸۾ȫЦ⡣ 

Ի͵ƻҫŵܰһĻǵصײ˲۵סܾúܾã˲ʲô뷨ûУǰһĻ·Ϣĸо

½Ĺ˲飬Ц⳹ɢָŶӣɤĵ˵ҵĶЩۡ
һ仰ȻֹΪһ˫Ӹ£ӹɺ½һ 




16.     ׹

ȹ˲ٻͷʱԶѾû纺µӰų׻ס½£ʵ㷽˵ʲô
ɤ͸⣬˳Գ

½ɫҰ׶ű˲ˣͽ˵˰ˡ
ĵҧҧ´ʣĵǲǻŲ¹
Դӹݷʥּ󣬽Ǹղſ纵Ǹ񣬴ƫִռδڽ

ðģӦȫȫĳ谮ӹΪĿӦеİϲġ
½ԶǣϵһʱһĻ

ʱϲϣ緢ӭȢΪޡ峾׵Ľ·ʱƲĺЦĿ⣬˲ġ
˾ޣ·ҲȲǡ

ʱ½ĵױעĸоӢÿĴ󽫾ķ
գΪųɫ˫Į˫Ӧõӳģ

ĵף׷׷Ӿҽߣĺĺ桭
׵ȫԽİ
ѽпԹԵڽߣһֱΪĵֻԼֻԼֱʱ˿̣ŻȻ򣬽ĵйǰ̫ˣԼˡ

ʳĵǲǻŲ¹仰ͺˣʣṫѽԼ⡣

ҺýһǱʶͷԼ뷨
˲鵭Цһ£½µļͷ˻ڻ˶࣬ļĶӣ˻ȥ

ǽأ½ѯʣȫǲͽţŽ 
˲ºһЦˤˣٸ㻭һ
Ҳȥ½żڣù˲纣Ը˲ȥ纡
½¿׷һЦ½СɵıǼ⣬ðɣҴһȥ 

ˮŽͷչȥȥǵĵƻһƯ
ѾʮСʳ纣ЩԳˣʣ࣬ǿΪȹôٳȥˣҿɾʹˡ

֡µ
纱Ķе㲻˼ˣʵ
˵꣬˵մӹĺóԵģҶٰ鳭飬һСľͳԶˡ

ǳĴ˵ţȡһǺ«ԱˣǺ«塣
ճԹ⿾ɵ纣˫һüĽӹҧһڣɿڣȷʵ塣
ŹԱǺ«ĿģҲЦƻӳٵĹ⡣

˲ͿˣȻǺ«ֵһᡣ
·ԽԽθ

ԺǡԵĻҧס°ػ쳯ǰߡ
챻˾סЦӯӯĴӱ󿿹ʣԺʲô

ɫǰʶ˵ԺףҪɫҡá
Ȼ˸ãˣĵ׻˵ˣ᲻رӣޡ

ǰ¸빬̫ʱϲŭ޳裬˵ĵɫӦ̫࣬˵ϹĴ齣ó谮ǰ¹Ȩ

ʱݵӣӲ֪ļ¾°·
ֱӵǻΪҲ¼¡

˵˲رҶô£ǷԹηͿ¡
Ȼ纲֪ôӵģֶο϶᲻ĺĶԸԼ

࣬ҲǣûǸ˼纸Ͻ̫ͣÿˣҲŻ˵Ҵò
ɲµףء

ۿսսģȻЦˣ롣
ĿԽԽ¡
࣬һ֮£֮ϣ𺡢塢ĺŷɥ
Ĳҡ
½̫ᣬǸʲôˡЦ

¾绪ȴЦУˡۿҪ˵ʱºȻ۽
ײʶȵĻţųﵥܸܵŴǽʶļ

´һ˫ͫǴȴΣյıܵӳƻתٹʣȴĽĵ׷

³ò³ԸΪг
纱ëȻĵ׾Ȼһֱ˵ϷĴ
ҡͷҲҡ
ɤſǻ¡

ЦĸˣյǰĿԣǼ˵ʱϵϢڲƵģɤﶼ룬Ҳ룬ֻ¹ҰĴҪףֻһ
һ˿Ķ鰮Ǹƣɫ档

¼ĶЦԽޣϲ¹׹
纣
Ҫˣ

һ£ѵˮƵãȴԽĵľ
۾Բܵŵӡ
¹׹˹Ǿͬ˹ءü䣬ͫĵƹⶼΪĲ⡣

һϮµӣվڻ£ӳʰ쵵ƹĴˮͦεһ˿ѹ
覵ȫЦ⣬ƫƫüF˼飺ǹٶԱӶģ¹ٿҪԴ׵ġ

ҡͷ
ңĲҲࡣ
ô죿治ú˵˵
纻ڲ

´ľ飬䴽ɤ᣺ɫˣȥˡ
纣
ಽµıӰЩ±Ƶ룬ųȥĶˣ
ˣô

룬ҷ£ºȻʵ
գ۾ҡͷûС
Ҳ֪

ϧ²úŪǹóԿҡ
סʶµĴƱԸУɫ죬Ĵζһ
ʶ˿ʿˮӶû׹˵纣еҡ

ˣˡ಻ؿҡͷ
ûкͷЦɵѾͷ
һֱǼ꣬ջȥʱ纻Ƽ澫塣

һʱˣҡۡʱºأֳʦ𡭡Ǹˡ
ɲܷϵµĴڣࡣΣյʱƺӰ
һӵǻ˶ʱΨ¸غͰ

Զǵã˲һУ¥ˤ˲ʱ̫ʥּѪù˲Ļ
ӰͲأּӻ
ǰ˵»ʴµķѪ㾡ѰġֻηѪվ˲ߣȥ˰檵 




17.     ܹҸ

ųʮ磬ͬԵʡ
գŻƣҹ䲻ϣƵİɽ˺洦ɼŹ֡

ΪĲɣ½ڹ˲黳УԴǰҹϼ໶Ц֮󣬹˲ʱ򣬱ǳ

ˡ˲ͷЦȺӿʱ򣬻ֽ½»ڻС 
½Իƴ䣬ӳûԹ⣬һȥƻͨ˼ɾ
ϧ˶ûͻƣΪǰһеķٶйءǵ¶Գĳ谮ͺǻ°նԳĹ

½ĵ׺ܲζͽֿˣ鲢Ҹ
ûгΪˣּΪ檣ĺӣûʸ˼ףⲻġ

쿴ǳ

ΧȻ޵̾˲½ʶ̧ͷȥ
ƻҫŲӲĻ¥ϣվһӰºƻ𣬷ʤѩ͸˫ǣЦŻ¥µİգ쳣

ǹ¡
ȫǵĳǾû˲Ȱ߹ŵĳǰõΡ

ԣޣ仨裬һƬ仨紵纼ͷͷһ䣬ϵЦȴԽ財

ӽҹʼȫ¶֪ϲڵˡƫͷվЦ׮⣬Ŀ治
һЦ᣺ѽӽҹʼȫµ˶֪¹ٹġȫµҲ֪ƶ֣ǹΪ¹ġ

˳ԼĻ˵ȥģҲϽ棬ɲ֪ΪΣܸоԼƺˡ
֪ôشֻܰĿתƵ¥£ϴŸЦ𣿺ǺǣѣĺҲˡ

Դư˵ҪµòΪ֮󣬾ܸо¿񼫲ּˡ

¼ɬӱܣȴδ׷ǰһͬվһ𣬴Ż¥µˡ
ųȥȺӿƲͷ߹ҴĻ£С̷

˼̻𣬿纺Ȼ̾㿴ÿ϶Цŵġ
һӵǻΪۺʵб.ʱ򾩶Ʒÿ϶ܲ϶һֲҵա

ǰַϲһĻȣжʱһš
һܹҸ°ҲҸ 

ȥߣߴµѯ
ƫͷֵĿһۣܸоסƵģʲô֪
˵վڻ¥۲ڣҲȥһߣ˵ҹж˺Щʳ

ȥȥȥһóԵģͿƲסĵ׵ĳ嶯
ת¥³ȥʱֱۺȻקסͷϺȻ˸ߡ

̫ޣһڣǵ͵ЩºЦ˵ųЦ
죺˵ޣ˿ɼ
˵ǣҲһڡЦ̴ִнӹһߣǸĿªĶޡ

ֳ󣬻ˡ̲ס˵
˺áöڹ࣬û˸ҿ
ʹߺȺֵЦУҲˣֱӴ͸һֱ纶ף˵ϵ߱ȶ޸󡢸ˣž

̧ϵߣתͷǲĺˣɷżߵҫ̫ȥˡ

ȡ߿һۣǳŭԹ̾˿࣬ǲǱ̫㣬ô޷죿

ɫЩί
ºȻЦˣǻ¹ٳ蹫ˡ
֪Ķһߵݸ纣ȫƯߡ

ϻŸǵˣ۾ֱˣϲ
һӾͿЦ˫䣬۾ġ

롣
³ָ֣̽ڷ޳԰ףںµĳ£ԵĴ
ЦŽֱִϣţ˺ʤ㣬ԶԶȥ»ϵСˡ

ֱ¥ĨӰʧ󣬹˲ĿĶ纷վĵطþòܻ
ʹˡߴ½˲Ż񣺡Ǹˡ
˵䣬ѹü۵δƼ²¥ʱ򣬹˲׷ȥ

ֱȴסˣЪϢ 
½ɫЦմ¶һ֧ɻͤͤʣ

˲ȥһԵʳЪʱ½ް۱ʹļ
šģҪļιƵá

ߵŮֵĽҵ纵ʱվһӮƵ̯λѧ

һУ׼
ҪֻƣߴµҰ㡣
ͳöһ£°ٷеļȻͬ⣺Ҫֻơ

ɲУùԼеĲ̯æ˵λŮʮӵĹңһûС
׬ЩǮء

Լв㣿Цһ̯ҽԼС
̯Ȳֱ֬ϸƯѰ˼ֹӸ϶϶Ůһ㣬
ȻӦǵټһ

ӹȥ
纵ҾҪյƯĻơ
Цá

ִҡվԣִָ֣ҡͷݡһȥȻһ˫һֻ̯λƯǰյƶˡ 

ԱΧ۵˼ˣ̲סֽкá
ɿ֣ʣҪ𣿡
Լѧӣһ£ûС
˵ԡ
ȻھĴ󣬿ֳ
ָչ֣ۣ׼ǺͰϵ㣬Ҫһߡ
һΣ̵ĸϸ£纵ּഥȴ˿ͻ֮⡣
µĶСûù˵纡纵˫֣ȫİѼʸ˳ȥ

ݡ
ͷ͸ͭľ׮ӵ˲䣬ҷ𶯣΢Ĵ޳Ưָ䴫
ֻһ΢죬ȴ纸оֱķ飬ȹ̵¶ȣ˳ֱĵףĵס

պ̧ͮͮȴºЦ˫ۡԭûеķĿһֱϡ

׹ڻϵķ屻죬ʶһ΢Ц漴ԼߣƲЦݣ飬һ˵䡣
۵׵ЦҲ䡣 
Ʒ筺İ쵺۱紵ڳ¶һ߱ѩ׵Բ죬˵ʱǳǳĻһƯĻĵþֲ˼

е㿴ˣҺôŶߣǲòҪȫǵ˸

Ҽҹ˵׼񡣡ߵŮյ纶ߣ
£ŸȥʱȴһС̫ס̫࣬롣

գ۾ԶӰջĿС̫ˡ
ͬʱվʳ¥żĹλᣬĿɭĶűŮƫƧط纣ǸһĨɱ⡣  




18.     ӿľʹӿϹ˲Ŀڡ

澴纴ֵȺСȥʱƳ纺޻ɵĸԼǸһĨܵЦ

ͬʱʳЪŵ½£ɫ˲˿ʸࣺ顭
Ļû˵꣬ԵĹ˲ٿȻվĵӣ纡

֣½һ㶣ԵĹ˲Ѿ󲽳ʳȥ
űӰĹ˲飬½ֻһͷԭҲΪ˳Լô

һ˲䣬½ӿϻҺ¡
ͽ׺ӣһһĶÿ͸еĺһɳ
еͰϣںܶʱˡĵ½ԳоģҲǺһˣ֮ǰͳ˶Ľɾ¡

ɣּݷˣΪʲôǰδԳչֳһ˿һĽȴƫƫŲ³ˣ
ǰÿ𳤹Ǳġ
ۿ˲׵ӰҪʧǰ½ҵ׷ȥ 

ҹΪ׼ܴľϲŮΪ˽纵Ľ䱸͵ʱ򣬰صذγеذףʹɭɱ⣺ضܿġ

еĺлҹɫɱĿڴȥ
ΪһĹ澣ֱȴһֻС̧ͷȴ˫ӳҹɫϷʷ̵

мˡ
һݣŰ֣׼ĳ纺Ĩȥ
ͬʱһӰһҹɫɱ纵Ĺ澶پֱ۱סݺһۡ ꡱһ죬ŹѵľʹʧֵĹɫҰס
Ź澵Ĳҽʮʿʧܣ׷״ӴӰֳ·ͬʱº纡

²ܿ͵Ϯеذף˳Ĩʺʱ΢ȴһ߷͵ϮԼʿ

Сġ
ҹɫȻɵǵ»ʿŷУ纴ȥ

ͫ׾ 
纡 
纷˹ȥʱһ׵ӰֽһԷߡ

纶㿪ʿ͵Ϯ̧ͷͼĽֱԼţֽ֮ˣɫĹ˲顣
һ˲䣬ɫ纷·صϱӡص¥ϣ½ͬʱ̿ͰʱΪ˾½£ֽǰɱеĳԼĿڵɲǡ
ؿڴʹǱ˰۵УڱǶɫס־ķ

ʹͷ־˵Ҫɱҡˮ˺ѷεź˲𵴡
Ȼ̧ͷԹ޵ĶŹ˲ʵ㻹Ϊ½ɱңԹŭһһһ˹˲Ŀϡ

Ѫɫʧֹס־巢纡
˲еĽڰաİΪʲôǴԹ޵Լ
ԼôΪ½ɱҪ纵ķӦΪ½±.Űܾĥίܾõˡ

һ˲䣬ӿľʹӿϹ˲Ŀڡ񱻹ӣѪʮ˲Ķţʹ˺ѷΡ

ۡ
д̽ؿڣĴʹУ˲˫ɺһնɱ͵ϮԼʿ


־度µ˶ľ纣һʶĻС
°纻󣬽֣߬ȵ¶͸Ĵݹ̤ʵȫĸо߬ģƺ˵һ΢΢ɿʼգᶨػδı

Ĭ̧ͷﾹȻһί
Ƽ´ίˮͨº񣬶ʱۣ漴һư˵˵εļƻһʧղſ޸ʲô

һɱʿЯɭɱ⡣
㲻
һһɱˣɵһͷޡ

ÿɱһˣͰĽһ֡
ϵĶߣǴʬɽѪĶ
ֺ壬׺ݲ̣纾ǾúܰȫµĲӺȣŵҲȫ綼ס
ǰ׹һ˲ɱħͿ־壬ȻЦУʧ

ɱ纵ʿܿ챻´Ľ׽á
纱ѯɱ׽ʿȫɱһڶû¡

ӵ©֮㣬Ϊ˶ܼã;һն˹Ƶ
ϰٸƣŻ˲ٽϵˣĽĵͳĻգ۾Ͱٽֵһʳɡ

ܾȺ羪֮ȫܳΣյش˵ӵĴȻֲ̤¼˶ˡ

һʱֳңѲߵĻǾҵİеı
ɲУ̤ɺص

±ŷɵȫش纣̧ȡϵߣ¥ǰָӵȺ󺰣˵ͷβ˳ֺȸǱܣתܡ
Ȼ󣬿ɾ㺰ɤӣİǴʱ˿ָ̣ܾӡ
һżˣƳɢյĻǾ˫һͳƣߺȵǾͬһɢаա

ҵȷ֮Ͱճǡ
ӷҵĴϣ񳤹ĻǾȫɤߺŸղɢյǷѰշֳɺüͬĽֵɢ

ԭҿ־ͷӬһӴܵİǣԱǾɢס
ʶ̧ͷվʳ¥ҫĳ
ʤȹ·ΣյĻ⡣ᶨƵվΣ¥֮ϣĿº͵ǡ

ǿػհΣĿ⣬ֳӵһ˲ȫŶηУһʧˡ
ΪһΣ𾴵ĳͬУûΪΣնǡ

ŻǾɢ
Ⱥв֪˭ߺһţеİնߺ仰ɵĸŻǾɢ

ԭӵĴ֣˲ǸŻǾɢʱҲʼﻥ
һĻ۵ףʱһɡ
ֻͷûԼĽ죬һΪһ֯ΧĻǾͰմˮȻһˣȥ֪ͨҽݳҹţΪҹ˵İơ

ֽǵСͷ½ҽģ˵İҽΡ
У̤̫ˣڸѪأ뾡쿪С½ɫ˵ڶϻĿ⣬º͵ģҿڴ˴Ϊ
ߵ˿ڣɢȴ¸ҼᶨĹâ

˲鴹İ檣䵭Įüᰮмһ˿ͺ;壬ϲ½һĴȱġ 

죬죬һ˵Ĳˡ
½´óƤʱǾҽܹ߱һѼ½£ɫº͵ĶԲ˵ҵȷ֮ǰΪҽΡ
ԣģóҽ˳Ѫгӻһġҽߴҽҩ䣬һҩ衣

ʲôһԣ㲻״½ʶʵ.
˶𾴵ĳַʱǳһ٣ԸҵȾ˵ľˣȻľȻ𡣻ԸҽݳҹţΪҽΡ
Ǿ𳤹ʱһ𾴵ıȭŹǷ򣬾岻ѵ˵ҵóӻƺܿϨ𣬰Ȼߣһ





19.     һ֮檣սʼ

⻰ʱ½ʶսߵ֣ĵӿһɷŭ
ҹⳡ̤¼ھ򣬱˾һ̣ȴ纻ˡ
ֻǵðյĳû˼ǵ½˵ҽ

˲纷վʳ¥ԶҲ˷һĻ
ͨĻⶼǵϸͦεӰϣԣᶨϵɫԼ˫Ưʻ˫ 

˲鿴ȥ
ǣԶߵСӿڣϣƻʤҹзֱͦӰӳбڿ£ˮīеļӰ翶

ǳǳ
ǾĴҹɫдȥϵʶƫͷĿ峺ĵӳҹɫ

˲е㿴ޣģ
Ŀ纶ӵʱ򣬹˲ķ·Ź鳣ûš
̡޹ڶһ˲䣬ЩڴܰĿϣЦһЦ
ȴûһ㣬¶һºĵЦݺ󣬱޶õջĿ⣬ǰȥ
ĨӰգʧ˲ʶ׷ȥ


½ʶȥקȴ˲˦ͨˤڵϡ
ϥǺڵϲƤʹУ½˫ͨŹ˲飺Ҫȥ

ίɹù˲סŲ
ͷӸµŵڵص½¡Уɫȹ֮ĺɫˮŪࡣ԰ϻվѪʱµġ 

ϰί˫˲һ
ͷ뿪ķĵ̾˿תߵ½ǰ羴ԵĿУɫ½´ӵϱ

㻹Ϊ½ɱң
½±ڻеʱǱپȻڶ
˲һ΢ɣ½²ȥҺʱץס˲½ 


½ºɵ˲˲䷴Ӧס½¡ 
ļˣɡ½˫۵ѪȾļͷΪΪ˿ۣűԼ
һСˣ޷˲鵭
ǾþɳĴ󽫾ֻҪ֮ˣԣܡ
ο½½ܵ˾ţú
˲鴹½Բ԰׵ӣ룬ôΪ½˺أ
ޣʱİΪ½ºֵһ

չ᷿սġžð̵ᣬüͷšһ
ģӵĴ̿Ѿץסˡ¹ٶʳ˭뺦
º͵С
纻񣬿ŰԼǣĨӰЩ˼򴽣Ҵ֪˭뺦ҡ
ǰĳ˾ôץ˵Ҫ֤ݰ뵽˵ͷﱾ֤ݺࡣ
ġЦƱԸеĴǱ֭Ⱦɫ󣺡֮£һֱ¹֮ء

ˡ
ɫͮͮ룬ºúõȨôгѧ

Ҫ
æ˵࣬Ҳ
ܿгѧһѧࡣ

Ц͹ȫع¹ٵְ𣬹ؿ
ָţÿˣ˫纵˫ۺҲ¹⴩͸Ưԡ
վͷԹҹ磬һĻ

һ£ԶԶȥȻҪƵáĵһԴ
˵纺ǳ⣬ЩͣҲЩ졣

Ťͷϵ˫˫ۣ֮⣺񣿡
񡣡оԼвˣǸϽ˵һ㶼Ҹղź˵ġ
䴽۵׵Ĺȴ
ӶҪѿˡ
в˵ˣأˣˣҪǿǣ˵񳤽ɹ٣Ņ̀ء

ˣƾʲôˣ
ߵ˵㣬㿴̫
֣̫ˣЦĲԣº͵񲻶ԣ


Цˣºˣ

̾Ǻѹ飬顣
Ҳ̾ҲΪá
㣬˵ûмǺ㡣ֻǵǺѣ

ͲǵĶԣĵϸףɫдһ˿ɸֵĵǣҳһ£Ķճ̡ 
ͬͷյ³һ߳һۡ

ˣȻԼߴ˷򣬸ӱߵĵתͷһܻعˣ

ʣ࣬ѹȵ᲻ʧȥһã
°ģ۸ˣÿһسӡ
纡Цü䣬ϲû뵽ܳΪ˵Ŀɽ
¡ꡱһЦ纡ƼŰ𪾫µϣϲͷ
Եָ΢΢ţૣСɵϡ

纻صеʱ򣬻ʵۺ̫Ӷ˹纺ʱ˿
Ӷ˶һۣˢջĿ⣬Ĭѣָ˻ʵۺ̫Ӹеȡ
纣ϢʻҪǺ顣ʵüĿȰ纵ͷתȥʱ۵׹Юűɱ
ɣǵڳ˯ʱϰ㡣̫˰ɣֻͷЦ㣬룬һء

ʺ̫ӹĵ纣
¿ʱЦֹԵ˵֪࣬ҽضúϢجζ
ĵ׺ᣬ纵ͷľ֮纹ԹԵĵͷࡣ
ķ˿ɦģֹСϵëɡ

¹˵ǣ
䴽ЦͷƣЩ˰ĵ¶ȣɹԼ񡣡
ɵЦԺˡ

¸̫뿪ʱϵºЦʱ鷿֮̿µľˣĴɱ⡣

ץסʿ
´ӹʱ⵽ſڵʱ򣬱ſڣɷˣæ밲
³ڿһۣϡﴫʵı޴
µûô 
Ӧǣȫ¶ˣûκΪ˷ֹɱݶεĲˡ

³˳ƱĴǣЩʿɱģСܾȻҲеʮ˰̡
һף¹Լᶨηʿﶼʱ

ʿĥı³˺纵Ļ֮
´Цʱʿ䣬̧סĲӡꡱһ۶ϵľ׮ 

һҹΣΨûμһЩµһ
óʳͼɽŲҴҵܽ˵˴ˡ
˭纲졣
ſڣ˸ǰ˭ıӵ

ͼõĻơɻ䣬ǰѾû纵Ӱ
Цĳſȥãⲻ½µҽ

һɻֱؿڣ½ǵӺ󣿾Ȼҽݵ£  
һ֮檣һöңȻŵսʼҵϡ
ΪԼŮǣ˼˰չ⻷ΪΪ





20.     ½²װΪ˰

纴ߵſڵʱ򣬻žıӳŰӴĲҽ
ǼӹҹҽΪаҽβǹԼ˵ģǾ˰պ˵ӣˣȴ֡
޳Ļ˵ļƹǱֿĶȺпߣðӵĺҲܲСϰյЩҽ泤Ӱ

õбʱſΧ˵ҽݻƺҹˮ˵İǡ
˵ӣּ޴ˣֳҽݻƺͰǶЩˡ

ȫóҪ˶ݵĺȴԸΪ˸ۣΰյĻҩģǰԸӯ
һʱ䣬۷׷ףȫԳɡ

ҶԳɣƹ΢΢ֱͦȴǱģǲӣС˻ȥôͶҽ
ƹ˵ǶҹΪ˾ˣǲһϣеĺӶЩûסҪҪȥС˿ûˡ

öǸˣ˶½¶˺øС

ҳΪʮ򻧣һ̶ҳģȱӣһõĻƣܻͳ½ƣҪӱӳˡ

.纺ǳס֡
ŭ˵İ޲纽ͣ㣬ûг嶯Ҿ
úá纵˵Ҳˡ
ΪᱻͲ䣬±һ£Ȼ̧ͷͦص޸ĲС

ƹҴУҹҽΣղǵö½µĺãȫݷлӵĸжģĵЦ
纵ʱ򣬲˲ùٱǿǿţҽΡŵ³ԺǴҴ˲һǮǵһϣеĹܼȴǶһΪϣӡ

纴۵ڵϣɿ淴ļƹһۣسĵ纱ǴѪĹ⡣
ȵĲУƹǱųһ

ֹܼҡ纻ڣ߱Ϊβöһ
Ϊˡֹܼҹڡ
˵ǼôˡƹſڣҿǷǲǶӡ

񵭵ɨȥüۼŵķĸ߹ĮסƹоԼǱֶסļɪɪվԭأ˵

ǼһҽݾǧӵҩǮҽݺǽӴĲˣõҩĶһ£ɶ໨һǮ
ҹаɢʱ޶ˡ
ÿҽݽӴĲˣҲࡣ
ÿҽһҩǮˣþȻǧ˲˭˭ɵӡ
ֹܼҵĻ𴽽ǣõĺܣթͷˣ½ºµͷ

ǼõҩģǱȱ˼ҵĺãԹһЩƹ仰ҽƹĳӡ
ͬҩģǼˣǾǼ̡
ԣǸҩļ۸񣬶Ǿ̻ͳһ۵ġ
ǧӡ

ҽƹҲ׷׿ڣǴ󲿷ֶϾھǿҽݡãſţʹԲѵ˵ҩǵĺãǺô

ȥѾҽҩǮһ¡纷Ը˰ɺڼƹıУŤͷҽݵƹ˵˲Եҽݣӡ
һʼƹ£ǹſ֣ûüŪԭί
֪Ǽöթ˶׷׶ֹܼȥһȥˡ

ڼƹ񣬼״ԣŵĨ뿪
ȴһӸȣڵϰ춼

Լһ󣬾˽ŲҴҵĸ˵£ȫά
ҹҪǳǾǣҽҹҽδң֪ˣ
Ļ£ʴĳõܻ

½¿Ⱥ鼤ߵˣôҲ벻ףΪʲô˰纣
޹İ
ҹȷʵҽҽ˰գЩٵ˵µƹģ޹ذ

һжҽݻţĲ֪¡ µ½ɫίǰĹ˲飺ҡ

š˲ͷ
İǸˣھӪʱÿÿʿ˲ѹü졣
ҽĵ½²ᣬҲмΪһǮƣ˲¡

½ˣ¶ҽݻ̰ǳĻ¡Ҫλƣʡ˲鸺ֶа̨ľѹ

͵ִðȺе纣ĵм
½ʲô£ڹ˲ĵף޹õһˡ
ǰÿÿ˲½£纶ʹġ

ֻڣһһ⻤½µĹ˲飬ѾܲļʹѹʣʣµֻŨŨķ̺ͱġ
Цһ͸ɴĻϾž֪ôӣ

½㵱治֪ƹ˵£ڹ˲ѹУɫº͵½¡
ڶͨʱ۵һ˿ϧ
ȥ괺죬ɽ̤࣬ҧˣΧ̣ΪԼҪʱɽҩ½£Լһ

֮ʹǸòƵŮҽ
ڱεʱ򣬻ᣬҵλҲҽŮ
û뵽ٴκͶȻݺܸ档
ҺáˣҪֺûȨöԩ

Ŀº͵½£űٵ棬ʲôϸ˵
½мžһۣ˵ҹҹˣ˲ٰҩģƹ˵ʱǴˣԲŻֳ¡

ºǶ޹ءƹؼʱ̣ҶάԼм˵ģǶ޹ء
˵ߣǶҴаҹҽΣɳǶͣͻðյİͳޣǶңΪվϹᣬȴһûòҪǺޣΪ檡С˼ˣΪǶֻع

Ǹ͡Ŀ¶ͣƫ½£½¿ѣȻ½ﲢ֪飬Ǳ޹ġ

ˣôٵģȻǷǲ֡ޣǳĺȥˡ

ĿšǹһĨЦ
ż㣬ʲô⾩ڰ½°
֪纵ʶһþӡ
½ǻŮǣģƫʱʱ̿Ϊݻ

û˶ˣҪϱѾҹ纣Ҳܲκһί
Ҫ赶ɱˣƾͼƣ

ʱѾϰˣƹթ֮£½ﲢ֪顣յƹӻȨ÷߽Ļᷢ䡣еǩڵϣˣʮ塣


Ҫ̵ʱ纺Ȼ
˲ʶŤͷȥʱ۵׸һĨ͡





21.     ½·䵽߽Ϊū

ΪаģԼŭ
˶̧ۿŴȺ߳纣ðƿҿһݵľա

ǳ
ΧİȫĽĳܼһ涼ҡ

¹ټ½飺½ﲢ֪飬ҹ־ΰйҲ㽫ֹӣΪ½

ӣϲ²޸ϵ纵Цһü۶ŷ񣺡þΰй
ЦʧڵҽݺһҵƹʹǾΰй˭һ㣬ӹΰթ

ǰм½ҽβİգȫȻ
ѽҹҽݾΰյֲֹһңҲûҽݵĴܳԴޣ˵Լй

ɨһ۷׷İһֵۣڹ£ڮٱӻɵն
ڼƹ־巢Уŵڹ̧ϣϾ˵½ǼõĶң²ƹڹ£ɿ淴ıĴ󰸣ھ˳Ļ

кȻͷ亹ıҪġıѪζδɢɲǣȥ

¹ٲң¹ٲҡǰһĻס½µľľĹǰ졣

ΧİҲȫӦ۷׷ף 
ǼõĶң£˭
ҪĬݻƣ˭ıӵǵǳͷϣ
ǳϵգﷸôΪ

յԹԣŵĻ亹
һ̣ԼΪʲôҪ½¡ⲻŮǰ;ħ֣

½Ŷߴĳ½¸оܵ˱ѡ
ļãһʮ嶼ЩնĶݣΪʲô鲻վߣȫǸ߸ϵ纣

һȺǣǣ
½иӿŭ
ʵһʮȻʺ̫ҽԺµĹأеҽֻǸ̫ҽѧԺʩĹѡ

ʲô£ɲǣˡ½ɫᶨ纣ģľнкá
ԣ½ȥ
ŮǳĻ£޹أ

֪Ǻ޽ȢΪ檣ϲңЩ£˶޹ģ볤Ҫʧ˹ȡ
½µĻ纶ˡ
ϻ˺޳֮ˣ

һû檻ˡ
˵檣һּΪ檣ĺӶ׵ļ檣ڱǰȣ

Χİնӵ纵ˣ̲ס˵ǳݷˣһ檻ΪҪֱ΢ֺΪļһ㣬Դף
ޣҲ䡣
յв˶һඥȫ߽½¡űݷĹ˲飬϶޹⡣
δԼһõĴ󽫾һ쾹Ȼᱻָű
ݷ򣬾ĳ裡 

½£Ϊթӻġ纳ĵĻ͸߸ϵ̬ȣ½Ǳ˵ơ

ȻҪһе£ͳȫ㡣ƵĶŹԼǰľ߱ӻλӦΣ
ͷ󺹣纱ѹУľ˵عӻλɵն
纵ЦǱն˰ɡ

½ŵɫ԰ס
ֱһ̣ƽʱĸܵ˺£Ϳ־塣
ֱһ̣½²֪ƿȨ

纲ɡ˲ʶվά½¡
ܽеġе޳ϡ

Į̬˲ס
̧þõ̬߰纣е߬ȭ纱˫ʱһʹڵ¶ȻʧȻ

ֱһ̣˲ףû
֪ù˲ʧǣ겻ᣬִŵվԭأĿⶨ纡

½̧ͷĽʱľ鲻Ļ档вЩѹĮѵ谮ʱУҲ˿˿Į͸߲ʵ䣬ȴδһ档

һֱ纺Լ½£ĵ׸һĨ
ڱϳȥʱ½ʵŴŴ
˲ɫ΢½Ľͨ˫ʱȻԼҪһһԡ

ڽεҪ½¾͵ʱ˹ȥеĳʡ
صײ𣬹˲ӽоɫ԰׵½¡

ô˽ҪάӻλС檣ɫŹ˲飬½µľٶ⡣

˲䵭Ŀӣú̾һб͵ơ 
½͵˫ۣˮӯӯŹ˲飬һжΪ˾ƶ

ֵá½ʮָס˲֣ڰ׷ӸһĽӯ⣬԰ӹۣ⽿

ֵá˲齫ӵУĿֻصϵ纣ƣɾһ纡
纱ĿУΪĿڣ볤һ档

üһȵľ仰
⣬ӡ˵Żʱȴ
Ļϲ¼޸˲ʱöƣڶױ֮һ
ϧ󸸻ʴ͸˲ģݷʱܴߡҲķӱ

ָӵķϣĿۼ£ɫĶ½£ǾͰ½·䵽߽Ϊūɡ

½Ҳҵĺ˲ʱ߹ŵĴȥ

˲׷ȥȴ½קס
ۿʪգ½ɫʱ򣺡ȥһɽˮء

ģҲ¡½¸ǰĹ˲飬ԶسȫС
½ɬһЦ˲鱧½³ߵʱ򣬿뿪ıӰ룬纾ñġ

ŷ߾ʱ뻽֣纡
ʱÿƼʱһЦ⣬ȹĻϲıԼ
վԭؿЦ纡
ἫĴӺ˲黽Ĳᣬûͣ£纸һ۶

˲ãȻʧȥ䱦ĸоǵصϯе˻ҡ
׷ȥɻ޹½£ֻܱ½Ŀ纵ʧǰͷۡ

գ̫嶯ˡڣڳԸͷ
ˣ㲻˵Ҵú𣿡ôڻˡ
ǵڻ̡纰һۣҪѵˣһҪ׼ҪһУöԷ޻֮ͬʱܵõ˵ӵ
纽ĵ¸ʣѧʲô

ִ㶣иϿҪѧʲô
ΣľɵҲ
ĸߣĿУ̾Ҵ£һ񡣡
һصС檣ԶûıҪ





22.     纵һ

ˣһ񰡣㲻Ҫ½£Ȼ˲ǹƾȻ󳤽Ͱ˷߽ˡ

纣
ôԼԶûˡ 

鷿ڣʵЦĶŷԼǰĻ
Ƭ̺̾һתͷվǰ̫Ӻ˵޵纵ţ֪Ҫ˲еıȨԲô£ù˲ʣµһȨ
̫ӽԺϻۡ 
Ժü˶٣ֲ䣺һΣһ񡣡
һڽѵ½£ù˲Ϊ½շ߽֮࣬ϱȨñ´ͳȥʧЧ
°еӵݸʵۣޱȵ˵¹ѾӲµİ׮

աʵۿЦƽհ참ҲΪ̻½£һдȻץס˰ѱ
ʵñմīд±ְӣ˵ɷ޵ƥ侩һְ׾ 

׾Ϣλʱ˵еĴ
½£²Ĵ 

ͬʱ˲ɫ½´ߣֿοĪҪΪ

ǣһĺԸ֪˲Ϊȥ߽ܿ࣬Ѿʣ±Ȩ½£ܵ˻صĴ˫ĹⶼȻɢڱа⣬Ժ˭ҽ 
˲üƳڵ½£ģ»а취ġ

ƺЩģ鷿£ֱӵߡ
ģغɻЦ͸ʢĺɣһĻһĻǰ
·ֿǸ͸纡

˵ҲģֻǻЩްˡ
ʲôأ
һǰʮ꣬Ļϲ¼޸˲Ϊޡ
Ϊ棬Ϊľž޺͸߰סʱִɵΪеȫ
ʱ򣬲ʮꡣ
һͰȴΪäĿİ 

Ц£һжȥˡЩ˺ˣһŹ
ϱҵ纣ҪЩ˺ݺڵװ˲Ȩֻǵһ

ѵ㶪ľͰŤͷ˵ըΣҪըִ࣬ҧȥԴ֡
䴽¹ٳпɣԣ
ͰĿԴ

̲סЦҲβˮʪϵ¹ٳθʦʱͲ飬Ҫ㡣̫ţҪȥ͵ĽԡʱıѪ̫Ӱ˴Ȼȴһ˳ˡ

ΪʲôҲǵ£ڳæ͵е̧ͷʡ
纽ͣʱȥˡ
˵ҽҪ㡣

纵ͷ
ǳһٱ¾緹ҲûóԡЦ˵̫ػض˶Ҫ¹
ӱǼ⣬²˼Цʵ£ϵˣǰƣһ㡣

¶ʱЦˣĺ⣬¹ˡȻһը㡣
ֿ˻

ըõʱ򣬹ȻĶġ
ըպã˶Сըִ࣬ĴըζС㻹ִζ

纶ˡ
ֻһĴָСը죺㣬ҲҪԴ㡣 
纼˴͵ݹȥ
°ݹȥ线ϵ㣺簮ӣ󡣡
纶ίͰ͵¶һǰҲΪɫӵµȴĵĸ㡣

ɨʱವջ̧֣ͷ¿ɹԿɹԵЦſޣá
ʹ
ޱ˹ЦЦĶЦǽģ˿ûʸԡ
һ£Ȼе㶼˵ǰ
ߣҶǹƾʲôûԣ̫

һҸ㲼õĹΣͿ㹬ĳӸըԡ
纳˳ӣ˵顣
°ӵݹȥ˳ʱ˵¹һοݳ´ξͲˡ
纶ʱֿ˻´˾ǵ춹ģʵĳ

Ϧ£²ȵĻƻߣӹʱ
̴ǣӣʿ¶Ѿȫץˡ
ǸֺЦϦӳ覵ϣ˫ƯķóĻȣʵ˶ϸЩκҪŹ

̴ӦǣֵЩʿҲ˹һĶǻʿˣЩʿ

˫΢У۵ű̹ǵĺ
еԶǰûκ֢״ž͸Ѱһ㡣ж֮ˣûнҩ±
˲纵һƣñжѩϼ˪ŻպһֱѪֹ
ǳнⶾķӣֻ´˿ɡ
ϵ£ͷڻϦеĹиɱ⣬Щ˺ˣȫ 

ռʱ线ʺ̫ȻŬóʵۺ̫ӵϣ˵ü۽ȫϲá
ʺ̫ӶôˣǷʲôϲôһŬﱻ˼еĶѳɽĲˣһʡ

սܣغס̫ϲ󿪿ڣڻʵ̫ۡҪ̫ӵĿСæϵЦ⣬˳̬˵ո˻үүʧĹȻǾٹ졣

䡣ЦеĶԻʵĴָ˵ǧһۣ 
һӵǻ󣬾˲սʤҲûոʧĹеֻ׶ѡ 

纳ĽûʵԺ۽üҵЦ˲ӢӺݵųһõЦݡ
ӵ£ΨĵҲֻǰŻͰѰϸס

ʾڳǰЦĽ
̫ĽĿȥʱ򣬻ʵϵЦ⣬ָֻ˲ЦϾ
Ȼһ纸ݣĵЦʱĻʵۣһ̫˵ݽյģж̫ӵļ
õģ̫ӴӦһȻһڻЦЦ˿ɰɵӡ

𣿸ʺǲһˡ԰ͤĹλĿĵŶ¥ڵ纵ˣһ˿Ķ˵ʲôʲôֻ纲ǻʵ۵ŮȻǹȴʵʲôǡ

ˡսеޣҪǳ嶯³ç£һ޳黨ŪǷǵˣ̫ӶǸʺȻʺճģ㻹ͳȣʲô

䲻ɷǺλᣬֱðɡ
߳ŭĶһӣ̲סЦʲôһҵλͬƾʲôź⣿

ǲһߣԼݣŲһФ벻ԼĶ
ӣλɫһ䣬ǴӵԹԹ޺Ͳʡ

һе޳ڵž죺ҾλᣬѾˣɱţǼԼ
ģҲһúúõأǶĺúõġλǸһĨЦЦȴôôɭˡ





23.     ˲纵ԭ

һ뵽ǸЦ;ëȻë
ڳʱ̲ס˵㣬ܾλ᲻̫Ծ
ͤ,ԭԭĸ纣ȻֵôоҪ籨ӣ

͵˿ǵݵߣϻοĿޣڴࡣɱ£¶λйءֻϧվûȷ֤ݣֻǰγڳеͰ׮

㣬ҼȻˣǲǲóˣǣ̶ʡ 
ƫͷ£ΪΣ
°͵Եǵӣ߷ǰЦ˵Ĺִﾩкˣ⼸նЪϢ

̫ˡϲ̵ھȥӡһҪ䣬Ҳźô֣Ҵĳ

ǲġ
͵Ǵĳ
ϱӣ½¿ҽⳡд󷽹ʣӮ˲˵İĽͳݡ͹׵ӶĽ֮⣬֪ǹ˲İ檣ǻΪ۵Ӱ½ʹ͸
ʱпǻȻһƬҲҼһŮϷ롣½Ҳƾһ֮ΪԴ׵ӣΪһŭ߹أս¡

һΣòսϨ𣬹̩񰲣ΣҲ½ٴսҡ 

︡һĨ⣬һɴŹȻǼ⡣ 
񣬿ǰ߲ǣЩ±ƣǣ
ﱻιһ÷ζǣɿڵζУ绪£üĿȻЦ߳Ա˼ӱȽϺá
纣
ںӲ̫ã 

һ£ϱǰ㻺չ
ֻһû뵽Ĺһ仰ǣŹʣͲţΪȴԹ˽ƽ

üһµŽ޵ϡ
Ŷˡ
ƺǹ˲飬ֻһ½³˺ѣԾǹ˲飬Ҳо֮ѹĵס
û뵽һλ˲򱧲ƽ 

ݹּݷȣְὫȨںսһĹ˽ܴ裬˶Դй֮ģ

˵ĺáơ
˵һϣֻ·䣬Ӻݻɫĵϸ֮£Ưü˲ͻӡ

ɨЦҳ˽£ȻҪΪ˽򱧲ƽù˽׿ڸ㣬ΪʲôᱻݷԶϱȨ
бۣƳ½һĹ˲飬촽΢Цݼ

û뵽ֳϹ˲Ҳ½£
Ҳ⣬Ͼ½ǹµŮǣĶĴڡ
ûֳȻһ˾⣿˼檵ݣ䲻ڻʹ
΢Ҳãտ϶Ȥ

ȻҲû뵽ǹ˲ϱȨġ
˲鲻ԼǵͷеŮӣüͷһЩõĿڣ˽ϱȨҲȻпԵġ

ȷʵпԡ纺촽߱յ˺þƣŵ˽İӻȨܻʼɱͷ֮

½²԰ɨһۣƿڣĴûɱ˷߽Ϊ˰߽֮ⷢ࣬ϱȨ˭ģ

½ɫҵŹ˲顣
½δ߹Ȼ֪½¾ʧ֮ӿϵǸжͿģȻǰġ
ʵŹ˲飬ʹģΪɵ 

޹ء˲½µͷĺ½ижİĽԱոŨ

Ž빬ǲ뽫ͳ鸴ȼȴû֪˽ΪȨԸ⸶İغ
½ĿУ˲΢΢ףĿ纶ӣԼܿģ⡣

纼£˲ջĿ⣬Ŷµսϵ°ܽһ׵Ĺ˭ĵҳ£
һ䣬ɫҰףЩѪ
û뵽սݵĹ˲飬Ȼ꣬ڸѿ
һ֡һǻι˹ıʧУ˿˲񣬲Щ

û뵽˲鿴飬ȴǸķ֮ˡѹֳҪݷǲݷմȥ¹˲İҪŵſˡ

ʵۺ̫ӵһŮ˵սֻҪΪǵɡ
İܹʧ.Ϲǡ

˲ϣԼһա
Լһᡣһγʱ纼Լ˿ڷǰźΪ֯͵ġ

ʱ۶ս֮ǡÿһᣬޱȵĬһ鳤

ϵĳѾʧȥԭĹ󣬱ó¾ɰһ֮ɢĸ顣
ĳᣬ˲Ȼ

½¼̲ס˹ȥűþӵͬĺʹߴȥô
˲΢㶣ǰ纱㼫ϲ
۵ףֵ⣺ȻҪȥ

½˫۶ʱЦӯӯ˽̫ˣ;ϵ磡
˲ʶܿвȻ纱䳰ЦѵΪ½£˺ࣿ
뷨һ𣬹˲һʹüףȥ纣ȴֻһڷϵűӰ

֮ջĿ⣬ڣ£ͥڣעִ硣֪ΪΣ纱ıӰһֱԺڶԴ½µʱҲûյС⡣


뿪½ʶȥץ֣ȴǱ׵һǡ
ʧ䣬ýԼƺһˣȻԺǰû˹˲Ӱ

ʱƳ˲߻Լ
½һ𣬺£غȻҵػġ
ʧǵ½Цĳȥʱ򣬻ԸߵѾͩɣ׼ҽҩ䣬ˣźüʱҽ 
ҪԼҽ潫ύȨýȨ졣

˲鼸һ·ܵĸ纷Ŀ纡·ݣţɫڷϣҲ续ɡ

һһ٣ɫᶨ
ΪԼΪ½˺ĳǸԭ¡ 
ԶȥʱĿڴļʹԽԽ纣˼ٺͻţĿɲ˿˿ܵʹ

˽һֱڷ߶
̴ǰ˲֣纱Ļϲĳ˹ȥô
ع纵ڷϵӰͷûء

򳡵ʱߵǰͦ޳ıӰ׵ס˹˲鿴纵ߣѹ˭Ӯ 
һѺע˾񣺡ȻĹжӮˡ
£½ⴹڵϣҺɫ·ƯĹ
˫£Ưü۴˷ܵĹ⣬ģ˻ϲ
˻ϲ
ĵ׷仰ĵ

ܾúܾãѧˣҲһ밮Ĺ
˼主󻨣ҹеǺӣΨһ
ݷЩ֪жӵԼ˼ĵ׵
ķۺЦǴԭĻ

Ҳ³ôʡ
ߣĳة࣬°ܼһģ
ƺЩݹ˲Ҫ³ľٶ͸ɫ̬
ת뿪ʱۻ纵Ĺ˲顣
Ϲ˲ŭѹĺ´΢һĨıġ
֪ϧˣ
ǣˡ





24.     ֱһ½ϡ

ʱĿ͵ŴŶ̴ϻѪľˣһ̾Ķ˵ӿȻĿ
ǳпеģȻ˵ֻҪϲǾڳġ

ɨ˭ˣ
ĵİеľյĺڲõ⡣
˫ĵµϣӯӯȴ˵ĺ⡣

˭ҲûС纲֪ΪЩ飬˵Ͳ׵Ļ
԰ǳƾɶҪѹһͷ
뵽óб˵࣬úÿ򣬱͵Ů˵
䣬ֻ˫΢УϴƬ̣ԽԽʱºȻ䴽һЦ˫ķЦ

ôЦɫ
Ŀ¶޵£þòܻ
һֺܼȴֺ˵ʣưдŸ߲ʵĹ˷飬ĳң˹ȥһķ

ɫУһĿԼϡ
ʶȥϹ˲䲻õۡ纼״۶ɵȥˡ
벻мɫڹ˲һɻĵ뷨ԸǰǰԹ壬Ҳڵ޶á

˲䣬½ĿĵһƽȥȥΪġ
л
˲ֽӹ䣬ѵȻ½¶УұĳᣬԺ󲻱ƽ
½ĿڴϸʹĿͨŹ˲ϵĳᣬҧ´Լƽ纵ĳᰡ
ɹ˲ȴӶΪ½˺࣬˲̲ס롣

̨ϣɴЦ£Ĭã̲ס˵ôأ
ҡ˵

̧ƤܵƽĿ־壬˵İСʳǱ߶˶㡣ɭɭ񣬶ʱʱĿ־ͯꡣ

ƫͷڲԶ纣线˲˵ķŭ
ôôô
Ǵܾ¸أ

ġݱ˭ѹһѹԷƣԼĹ
ۼĹҪӮʱ线żսǡ
ˡ
һ̣˲Ϊһ򣬴֣Ӳй˲飬ˤȥʱ򣬱ȡ

죬ͩɣҵҽҩ½齹ĳѾ֣ҽߣˡ
οӣǺúҽεĻ˵ΪܰｫһԵ

½´ͩнӹҽҩ䣬׼򳡵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ̧ŵܷĴܽ򳡡

죬̧ҩǱߡ̫ҽԺٷ̫ҽָСҽĶȫ׵İˤȵӣһʱ̧׼õҽҩ

½²ĵҽҩܹȥ̫ҽûסѪܵĴ׼ǣæ˵ⷽԣӦҾȻʯ̶ϵλȹǡꡭ
½µĻû˵꣬ͼ̫ҽŴλȹǣ΢΢̤λϿСȹǶʱλ

ˣѪɾϵҩͺˡ̫ҽԸСҽĶʱĵ½ϡ
ˣרҵģһָӣ

ڴ½ԼǰԼҽҩݹȥ˵Ϻõҩ࡭  
ʲô¶
ֱһ½ϣһ檣ҽͷҡУ治֪˲ôͿŮˡ

Թ˲һƬ֪˲鱻ݣȨȫΪǵС檣һ½С׻ŭ

ֻ˶ѡ½½ͣĿԼĹ˲顣
ˣﵽ̫ҽһŴȣ½˲ʱ飬һ뵽ԼսϿе󽫾ȻΪһˮļ檶ǣһɱ˵ŭֱؿڡ

ǰ½ָ˵˷Ե̫ҽҲ߳ǳһͷԸҵڴ˺ţкⷢ
̫ҽָŹߡҩģֶһӦȫҩϽ˵Ƽû¹ˡƣơƣˡȫĶ̫ҽԺ룿

̫ҽԺȱҽҩʱ򡣡½²ĵ˵纵Ķҩӵ꣬ûòŽ⿪ô

£ˡ˲ǳ⻹˵֤Լ½£ü΢½ȻĿеҳȥ
˲Ȼˣڰ½´ת뿪ߴ޳ıӰĮ
ʱ˿̣˲Щƣ룬Ϊλؾ½²ھǰ¸ҹϣ£˿Цأ
һζйǰˡ 

ۿһĻĵ׳켫ˡ
½ƾһ֮´ҵĻˮҪ 
δǰǰΪѣûӵİĽλ£ 

纲ɫĽһġᷢսڻʵ۵Ӣ£黹ʮǰռݵĹͬĹǩһδڣͨó׺Ͳĺƽ顣

̫ƽ纾ƺȵĸʱ̲סֺЦ 
һǰ롢սϣտ಻ԡۼʶӶʳľ桭ҵľ棬Ҳ뿴 

ƫͷ̫ӣݽԺҪ񸸻ʢĹհҵ˸㡣
ŮĿһ˫峺۾ˮ⣬ɭƯ¹ͫӳ貵ƻתŶ̫ӵͶ԰յİ
ɾ̫ӣһܵӵ

̫ӱĿһؿͬʱӿѪļᶨ֮⣺ģݽ 
ЦĹʢá
ʵҲЦ纵ͷ̫ȴδļοĵݽ㳤һڴΪһ졣
תͷΡ¥ϸҹɫҵƻ˫и˶̫ӵĺҲڴܳµһա

ڵеӺ͹ˣΪĹʵۺ̫֮ĸȾŨ
ʵλ֮ʱ̫ӾΪǴ󲻾̫ҲҪɱͷġ

纣ܳ谡
ʵ̫ۡӺٹٶϲҲءЩĽ纣͸ð

Ҷе㺣žƱߵ纸ǰԷ˫˵ҺĽ㣬ܺ㽻𣿡
纣
鷢չ԰ôأ 





25.     ˲˫۶ϡ

źѾԻ, ˲īɫ˫иһ˿ӵɫ
ԽԽˡ

ʱΪԼ纣纶İغͻϲ, Ե纡
һֱΪ, Լʲô, ۶ԼˣԲ뿪Լ
˭ֻ֪ΪһС檣纱, ӴҲûĴڡ

Ȼ, ȴͷ¹ϵĺ, ˫ɾ峺Цӯӯ¡ЦЦʱġ
Լû, һʱǸ߸, ޱȵĳ, üжŽĵʮŮ

˲Ȼ纴֮ʱ, ˶֪ɲŮòɾ£ɽһʱ䣬Ҳû纶ƫ

˽ǵúһ˲ڳ˼ʱ̫ӶžƱչ˵ȢС檣ǧ
˲ɫʱȥ, ǹߵ½˫糺죬˫ӯӯŹ˲飬Ľ

̫Ӵ˴еľ, Ɑ̫һĶԹ˲Ц˵﹧ϲ˽ٵİ֮ˣΪİ֮˫˫ܣǹҵĹ;ȨҪˡ

̫ⷬƳʵĹУżķ̺ͱġ
սͬ˲齻֣ȻսóϷ
ˣŻԸĹףΪľٺ͹˲սһս

ɵĹ֮ŷ֣սı˫ȫӢ޵еĹ˴󽫾ȻҲӲV
ʵ⾴Ķ֣ȻǸӢ̡Ů鳤Ĵˣõľء

˽̧ΰѰӭȢţ֮ҲֻһˡɫԽԽ糺콿ߵ½ɨһȦ䵽ɫԽԽȹ׻ڵĹ˲ϣЦһƵ˵ӿĽӵ˱˫ɣˡ

˲ضӣĿײеķ̸
ƱҪȵʱ½ºȻȵȣ㲻ܺȾơ
óҽݣԴǵ˵ˣ˿ڷͣǲܺȾƵġ

½˵⻰ʱЩ˵ֱ׳ʱ˲˵ߡ
线ȥ

һΪҪѿ˹Ϊ̫ӡ
ˤȺ󣬲ҽΣԳ䣬̤ӵϡ

ʱӳŵ½£ҲԴǵվĸȡ
ֱ׳ûӲṳ̈ʹߵӳһʶ
ݺͳ磬Ҳ˰θ½еĵλҲñӣһɻӶĿ࿴

ʱ칦ϣ½ҲֹӺȾƵġ
µֳ򦣬ЦеŶ棬֪һӻ᲻һ͵Ŀ½£ȻԵĵ˱еľƣ

½˵ΪߣҪҽߵȿºѺá
Ļ䣬һͬĵͷҽߵĻȻҪ
һľҺӷı㵹ڵϣҿһ̲ʪ 
½ɫһϲ⻹Щ
ɣʲô£ҽߵĻǻӻ񶼵ùԹ

һ̣½ϵЦ⽩ϡ
ΪĿ֮£˵һ檣ҲԱָֻţ
ͬĻͬ˵ǺҲͬ
ڵ½£˱ĵļ檡ƾݣҲ˲֪ߵغĻ˵

½ɫҰף˵ӣҷڵ㡭
ۿۼȦ½¿޹ΪҪ̤ҽߵĺ⣿

ҽߣӳһЦŤͷΪ檵ڳ󣬶ɫĹ˲飬ɤĵĵ˴󽫾ӱ빧ϲٵ֮ˣһƣ֮˿ˮ
ͳ˹˲ӹЦǳ죺ĹĴ󽫾ذ֮᲻սʤ

ˣ̫ӷŭǼ檸ϳȥ
¹ع̫ӿݲ½¥֮϶ۡ


½±ϳȥʱʶ˲顣
ΪǧǻԼȨԿҪԼĹ˲顣һΣҲһİԼ
˭֪˲ɫһۣлһ˿

½²ŵŶԼ¶֮Ĺ˲飬ޱȵɴ˫ۡڱϳʱ򣬻ҡͷܣܣôôأ

˲飬жӦңܽҵϵĻʵۣӸ£ɫϵɫĹ˲飺լ˶ܲã޺ʧ

ǳĴ˲л
ٹپ嶼ɫϧĿŹ˲ҡͷһˣ檶ܲס°ȨǶԵġ

ϧĿ⣬ù˲äڱ
еֽһһ̣ȻЩɣǲԼ½̫ݣŵ֪ߵغ񣬴ԼӶЩ鷳

עĻȡЦʱߴºЦɤ
ʶסǣһͷķ

̲סЦѽ˵˲İûк³ĺܿء

¸˱ƣעⳤķȡʵڳЦǾͶȼơ

СɵĺҶֶһƣɫĵ¹㲻ݡ
ѽЦıȸղŻ貣ü䣬޽ǵ˿΢鷢Ĺ׹ϣֹɣһڵЦĶ

Ķ
һ串˱оƣЦƯİѿձӸ
ҲȹЦݿÿձײײˡһ죬˫һ䣬Цĸӿˡ

֧ȣЦɢ纡
ۺʱ̬ƯÿԶֱͦ쵵۹ճȴͦεЦ纵ģķ羰

Ŀײ̹̹ЦͰĽ⣬Ĺװס

ٿȻúͮͮ⺬˿˿ߺų࣬Ϊң
¹ٿȫ硣°΢̧ϴƯϵЦ
ĺӵȫˡ

۽գĬƬ̣ϲ̵˵Ѿز𣿱ȫ绹
ûвġСڹꡯǵɵĸԼ˱ƣĴȫǲزסƦЦȫ磬Цһ۵׹Юɭ¹ٺȫ硣
纰ţﲻˡ
ЦѲɾͲȫķ羰ˣమǱЦʡ
ֱĶԴױҲµ壬ŮƯ˫ȫίͲġ

ֻĵǿڸɺԵĿݾʱӿ˸Ȫˮ̴Ц⣬¹Ժٻشɺã 
Զ˲˫ɺǰһĻֱһ̣ףŪ纡
׶Ĵ̹ǵľʹϮǱüͷѪǵصʹԵռС
ԽǺڣʹԽӿ 

纾ƺȶˣеͷ
̫ƣȥдʪҹһͷԶʱ˲١ 

纡
˻Ƶͳӱƫͷһ˫ɺʹ

˲顣
ϵİ£ҺʪȾһƬʪգľУ˲ʧǵ纣ɤ˻ƵĲӣ纣ԭô

ԭ
䣡

ľü΢ͬͱԼǰ
תߣȴקסʹ

֡纺ǳ⡣
ޱ˲ĴÿһƼ˲飬Ż

纣㻹ҵ˲䵭Įĺһ˿ʹͺڣ纣ҵʼհĶ㡣 
˲˫ƫִ纣վԼǰһ˫ˮͫЯ޵òŮӡ

һЦЦĶŹ˲飺ô
ü۶ŷĮڰ׷Ź˲ɥӣǸһ˿Ц

˲飬ҪˡɫӱϸһƬ顣
Ĵ⶯ɤǧ꺮㣬ѪҺǲǾΪһ㡣ʧǵӣҵǸģұͬǰǰ㣬ǧ飬ǧ飬ֻҪ¶һ⣬ұٴĻ

ڹ˲ڴУ͵Цޱȵ㵽˲ǰ䣡

µƫƫصĺͷֻһ䣬ù˲ĳȵס

סԷϸֱ˦˲ʶץסȴԷݺĿ
̬ŵת䣬ɫĵվԼǰ̬ɥĹ˲飺ֻ־ƵЬˡ

˲ͫ
û뵽ʱ线УȻ³ݶĻ

ˣ·ϵˣϳȥ
һԵӦǰָ˲飬ȴԷס

˽ıɣʵ
˲ޱ̬УɬһЦııʱ򣬱㷴ˡ

Ȼ̧Ŀⶨ纣纣ʹҡңһ㣬ҴûҪ˺㡣
Ų߽纣ָȴԷܿ

ֽڰգ˲鶢ƽĺ޲ݣĵ׷˿˿ʹͿɬ
ʧЦջֿ֣㣬ǵ˺㡣

Ρ纵ĮڣȥѾȥˣʱͣ޷ѽͽһªĲѡ

ǰ纰Ϲ˲ס
߹㱻۰ʹСڵ޺Ļг
纣÷С޲µɡ
ʱԸ˵ġŮСгּ޸ӡķһҸġ
˵⻰ʱǲã֪С

ʱǶصӢۣһֵðĽиˣǻⶼ㣬ȴԼŪĲҲ̶áûݷǲǱںլԺɫͰ檶
룿˲ĿǱһʹѪ졣ԭУ壿ʼ

ҸΣֻҪȻ㣬лǲǣ
ⷬĻ˺˹˲ϵǿ߲Ǳ𾪵ı飬̺촽ƯβȴѹһƬĺ
΢΢ǰǰ޾˺ʹĸɡ
ҲҰĽ꣬ҼķĶҡ
վϱǸֻ鰮纣˲飬ⱾͲϡ档
û˻ᰮϰԼĥĸĺ

ϡĵĹ˲飬ȻˣȻ˵Եһι˹ڹȴԼ˫

纾öġ
˲ʲôϹ˹ۣ

˵˲飬ԽԽƲ㡣
ǰļ̤ģ̤
Σ
Ըɵĺںͳģ纲ţеԲסǰǸܾ˺ĥԼ

ͷɫݣվ£ǴµĹơ
һΣԼĵطñȹ˲ǰԼĮʮֵ̬ȣԺڱǰ򱾹һδһΡ
㿴ԸĺɣȷʵӦĺݵġ

纣ǲǼǺΪ½һơ
ת뿪ʱ˲ʹûڵ˻Ƶ˵һһơ

纱ıӰУ֣þȫԼĿڣ˺ѷεľʹУ³һѪ˻ߣ纣ʹô
纱˵ӿˣ 
ǰһһԴİ檣ֻǰ۳ɳҵΰ󽫾ô纻ݷ󣬻ᾴһӡ

纾ıӰ˲Ųĵ׷ȥȴĽסѹڵء
յҹ˲ĶŴ뿪纣ѪӿϺͷſ³Ѫ

ȻжѪʱӵ½ת뿪ġ
Ѫûͷһۣ˲ŸԼȷʵ࡭

ĵĹڿУ纷۵ߵ˺ɻԣЩ˵ȥþ
úõ飬˲⹷˸ˡ

ƺܿ챻ǲɢ˹澣ڰ˽ͤйһ̳һ̳ľơ
ĵʵǳģ⳩֮Уһ˿þ
ѹȥˣɹ˲ȴ겻ɢ׷ᷳ

Ƴ׺ȸԺӱƾʴԵ纣پ
ž̳ӣŲ鸡԰ֻͷӬһҹ䣬Ҫʱ򣬻ԵĲ澷˵ҪԼ˷ˡ

ɣ
ͺΡ
ֻܴԶԶĸڳλҪԼ˷˵ӣҪˤӺž̳ӿ֡

ʱԯϵľոЪɢ
ɫĴ󲽳ߣȴŹ׷ȵȡ
Լǰӣ۵׸һ˿ŭ

࣬ǴǰİЦĲ⣺ʮǰĶգˣ㵱ʱ£㱻һ̫衭
۵׵ŭ˲ɭɱ⣬ȴЦøӶӣʱñŮ޸Ư˺ͱ˵ģԳ

ݵĶӣԵƵĦţ˼ţλŵӳʲô⣿ⱲӶ˵á

ߵߣⷭգһۣȦˣʪίĹ⡣
ÿ롣

ž̳ӣĳ߽
ЦŴյǰű谵ĵƹ⣬ӳŰ覵ĻգЦĳֲмԭĹ̫ͯ඼࡭顭

һ̳ӺݺӵԴϣҺ˳Ѫһء
ĸ۵Ļ˶ұӡ顭˵ֱ˺ݺһ£ʹͨһϥڵʱѵ׶ĴʹǵصϮƺ߳ 

ľ˶ȥȥӡ
ʲôǼҵҲ˵ģĸˡ
ôãЩƾʲô۸ҵࣿ
ϸס³΢΢ͰԼ 

࣬ѲɻҪ纷ŭ
µͷűԼڻĹһֱ纱ꡣ

ºɿ·ƵСվȺ˵Ը֮ˣùԼ֡

ͳϸĸ纲űҺʪ֣ǧ֮ùһ۶䣬乫Զִ
µڳޣס۵׺ɭɱ⡣

˵ûϵǱ㡣
̳ڵϣӱƵԴѪԴһһĳʹУ׵ŵˣ˭۸

ġӱˣȴһ˫ڰ׷ɾִɱ˫ۡ
һ㶣ʣµĻˡ

вŮοһɰ˫ͮͮʪǺƺ󣬰һ֦ƯԲͫǰỽè

ġ
ղôûĹĳôȿɰ

£ǻӣҲġֵ¸ǰú׺˵ǹͻӵĽӰϵ

תͷ纻ӵİԵ
Ĳʹ죬ͱµŭ˲ɢһֱѹĵЩ޲ûһеı꣬ʱܹίķŭԹҲ纼ᶨɢ

˸άͰأСͱųնѺ빬еūů
纰һֱȱǿ飬ˡúɵκ͹עһСʱ򣬰ѱ̫ĥεڱѩеȵů紺ķ 

ٵĿ뱣¹٣
Ȼ纵ӣͷ
ǰ»࣬ǸøжˣȻỤġ

۵ѹֵĺɱ˲ɢЦ
ĵ״δƽͣһƯķƺƽˣ۵׵Ĺۡ

纺Ȼס
ƽһΡ

Ҫǰ¶Ȼ˳ʾֳ޹һ棬Ȼٶ׽Լһ㣬ߵôߵģԼ

ڣ纵ͷ
޳ѹСף˰Լ

̧ͷµۣӸµűʹߴӵϷӡıȾѪѹȻĻȣΪǰ̸͵ӣȻƱ࣬ѲҪ̫ƽˣ
˵˫ɭϹսӸܵ˱ʬɽѪ㤺ȻĿ־塣

£Ĺةࡣ
ӵһȻ塪

ʹͨڵأ̴Ҳڵء
ϢŭǵĴ̸͡͹ףǶǳʵġ

Ҳ֪ղԼ£ǲĵĶ¹ֵǸ࣬ҷŲ֪ߵغˡ
ΪΪ࣬͹˲һпõ廨ͷû뵽ȴǸӲ硣

˼̫ĵ̾˿յ̽Ѿ֪ȨһģĹ˳Ӧ⡣
ǩµĺƽ飬֮ǲ׻Լˣ

࣬䡣
纸˵ĸʲôƵãЦеߣһĶĴָٿ佱һ䡣

·𿪵ͷĻ֦纲վܽػ¡Ŀüӹ˫貵

Ҳ䡣
һ˹ĶĴָЦĻޣ¹ٺܸжİ
纱һӾ͵
ҿ֪رˡ

ɫЩӵĿ纣֪رǾ͸ˡ
ܿ˿뷨ѹĵף¸º͵Ц¹ٶúܹİ

纵ͷüǶǳº͵Ц
һ̣ǺڼСõֱֳͷֶſ񡢿Ƶȡ 

Ŀ⽥ıɬʪ󣬺Ȼۡһµ½ʹ޵޴룬ֻСðסĴǣǲͻҡĹʲô
Ҳ֪ԼʲôֻǶº͵ۣһޣϹ˲ʱļᶨмȻǰίܡ

ԶʹߣŲҪ۶ӵӣЩεŹȳǰߡ
һȺϹĵĹʵˣȻ۶ˡ 

ǡ
𷽲ŶԼߵĹеͷô£

дſǻɤŤͷŻ谵ҹɫĿⶨŲԶȦľ䣬޴˵Ż纡

뵽ʲôȤʱ΢΢һ
Ŀײһɭ壬һζơʹߵľӲŶͷϵĺҪȰǵĻӵ֮ʱ

ͼԷջĿ⣬Це˵Ĺʵȡǳδ̫˵ǻӦô
ᡭɣ
ʹսսĵ˵ȫһʺŵʱʱҪӡ
ʲô۶ӣôĹˣ

ɿɰһĪϲ滤µģ̫Ǿ͸һĨЦ⡣
˫ˮ˫۵ԼʱĪ죬˵ϲء

תͷ۱´ߵ纣ίյıӰĵ׵ϲˡ
ôôܱһ˿ɰĹҺɵݡƫġ

˫۾£ӳµӰͺܲζ
һҰˣƾʲôСĳ谮ƫİ

纡
֣ΧԼߣдšӱʹǣͻȻúû˼
ӰŹߣɢĺȢؼң롢밡

ĹǸϲ񣬾ģܷսڣĹģŹ֮ҷս

ʹ뿪󣬹˲ʧǵĴӰ˳Ⱦ˳մۣ˫۶
纣纰




26.     Զʧ

ܷսȢ纵, ʱ򣬻úˡ
˭֪·, קڿһ˵Ĵ, ŵ
ĳѿ, ޱȵˤ˵ϣоյĶɹ˾մ̼һҹ
˵ºʶƳԼߣǿѹ¡

Сɵӡ
ת, Ц纣չһʮΡ

纲˼Цô𣿡

ԼС, ϴЦӵ, ģ
ڨڨҵôô

ԡЦӷƱԸеĴкҪ룬¹Ǹܹˡ
ķ, ЩЦ⡣
ȵӳŷʢĴˮƯߺɳ, ûԻ͡

˵ͷ
ЦЦ, õ֦ݹȥ֦ǰһ, ¶ͷӨĹ⣬ŵζ

̲סЦ
ģǸرˡ纴Ӳã۵㣬ܴݻһϢ
Ϊʢһġ
ǰ죬һһ, ֻǰַУƾһ֮Ĺʮƽ

ŵŲԼǰ, ӶЦˡ
࣬䣿
˵ûĸΪ壬С۶ġ

ֹֹ纣纺ɵ£ſ˵㣬ҪҸҸ̫ҽ۾ 
纳ء
һݸ£һĵ˵࣬ɡ֪ΪȻߡ


ѵഺһȡĻУ΢̧ڴĿ⡣һֱѹеĲʹ죬Ȼͱʹˡ

ҹ纳ѾƣǸȥȴǡ˲ǹߺںͰĽĻ
ʱվһģһɺ޲ûһеıĵף

ɺʱ纵İתע
ɵЦİʱʧ壬˻ĵױͿŵǲֱ֣˲١

ˣӽףҪȢΪȹڴӵܽ
ꡯеĲյ˲ķѣ̵Ĳˮ̵ֱʹȴ˿û̧Űɣ˵ʲô

ɱɭŵĻ£ŵ˵ˡ
ֱȥһ˿СĲֱϵˮͲҶԸ澰ҩԺ˵˵ҪȢΪ

ɨȥͫеɭɱδȫɢ
纲£Ƭ̣಻ģֻҪͬ⣬¾ͳɲˡ

ǣһսܵĶȡҳΪޣȥ黨

¡纺ǳ⣬ЩͷۣЩΡ
ԸôǷ𣬻л㱣һĺתأ

͵ۡҪ黨̫ջĿ⣬ùеҩڸԼҩ纡

СҩʱüΪۣʱʱֱǳһ
ϸģ½üͷһ ˵ǣ°ܽôϹǧ֮𡣡
˳Ľë£ס۵ɭɱ⡣ֻһ棬չǰ

ͬʱղμĹ糯ӣһŵĴӺԪ߳
ʹߣȫüӣıˡ
ӵɵ̧ͷһµһʹߺͷʹ
һ䣬ôţѹȷ£߼·ٵǵ棬˵仰ԣ

ǵģˤ˸˲˵صվȱ裬ҲĿ˵˻ˡ
ôŭָĹܣ밵ǻӡĹȺٹٷ˵ǻãŻġȺ̫ҽ˵ǻϻˮµĲ˵

ʹĺܳˡ
Ĺ죬ǳة࣬ҵϷ˼ҳ

˵ҪдӣĹʵס
ܾˣƤĵдĹʵһղӦȢĻ
бӸΪ 

ʹĳ˵ӣܲͣ㣿ͣҲðȥλүܻŻع

ģȢҾͲˡӴƣûܿ
һŷǿˡ
ʹ಻ԵҡͷˣˣӴ²ͿСܳ硣
̯ӣΪˣ

ʵ纼ȥףҶкôôλĿ⺬ЦԼǰ½£ֻҪʧˣ㻹ҽļ衣

ĹҼҽĵû纡½
λᶢ˵½Цô 
Ȼ½ףƶҼҽһŵǧ𣬴ӦҸ׻һһسŵ
˶٣ֲ䣺񳤹ҷ޸ϵĹԡ

޸ϵλᳰһЦѾнӹһմѪĻ½ǰô 
Ҽҽˣ½һϵĻ񽹼λᡣ
ͷѪˣ

Ұˣλ½µǵУҪЦЦһͷѪҽԼԼһƣ³ġ
½²Ұ׵ɫƵ˵ĽƺվǰΪԭ£ĽӲԼһơ

ܡ½µ߬ȭ޼ƯԲָױ۶ϣƵָѪʮָģ۵Ķ鴤š
½ĿⶨĶλ᣺ֻҡɤʣȦͨ졣

ķλᳯĿӣǹ˲ļ檣˲ķοֻޡ
½Ȼλ˫Ĺ⡣
ߵ½ǰץļƻĵͶħʵҲ֪˲鰮纡㣬ǳŵζѡ

ģġ½ҡͷͨۿλֱϡ
λᶢǹת˲̴ۣ˵ֻ纼ȥӵй˲顭
յ½¶ԣɤĵ˵ѵͲԶʧ͹˲У

ӹȥʱ½ϵ۶δɡ
ǣȺڹſڵĹ˲ʱȦһ죬ȹڳ˹ȥ


˲黳УײĿڣǣˡ
˲ſ³Ѫ½һôˣ

£һС˶ѡ˲ַҪԼ֣ɫ˵
Сˣ
½ҧҧղŵʾ˺صˣΪԭ£΢ޱȵԼһô 
½ͷһʹǱƵá




27.     Ҳúλһ³

, Ļأ½ʡ
ˡ˲鵭
½˵ͨԼ⡣һָ½µ, Ǹ, Ū⡣

Ūô
½ٴη, ˵ѣ谮ݡϧ䱦ǽһֱᣬ񣬽ıࣿ

˽֪ǽ, ǽˡ
Ϊƺ;ȨԸ⽻ȥ, ֻΪȻصĸ, Ļô
ΪЩʲôڱ˲ʱ½ºȻڡ

˲½½̬ٳ, üɫ䵭ղŵºͣ㰲̥, ʲô
½²ͷ, Ϲ˲ݡڹ˲ڵͫ, һ˿뵭ĮȻ䣬ʹĸ 

ȵ԰Ĳɤ˻С
λһĵʵˣ
̺𣺡Ѿ͹ȥˣųӣܿܳɾͺ¡
λǸһĨܵЦ

һ, ӳҪճߣǳȢϣ˼һ¡ 
ޡ纵
ֻҪԸ޸, 㵱ʺ󡣡˵
̧ۣſ˵Ķӵʵۡ

纳˳ǣӾϷЦݶЩ˭֪ȴ纷²豭һ˵߿Щű羰
ӱƿЩĵĵͷɨ纸շµĲյʱ 

ôȵĻ
Щȵֹ˹죬ϴŲ죬ɫЩ̬ĻɣȥЪϢ
˸վεӻС 

ͬʱ԰ȲλᣬƳһ¹澣ɫҴҴһ߹ǸָһĨóѵЦ
ȥ˵ųš
ˣҪһô
ǾԴײ˺֮£
λɫ߰ЦȲ뿴߸ϵĳǰǱĿģ 

λԸĹ澣˻֪ʱֱըˡ
ȻҲų㡣
ޣڳȥ

ҪҪ߱´£ȥǸ澣ߵĻܶ࣬ūԿһκ鷳Ͳˡ

˵Ķԣͷ㲻ܵκ˺䣬ŤͷߵĹ澷ԸȥѸ
ڹ뿪ʱֵȵȡҵϡʼҵƣŻĻ
ڹƳԪķɱȥʱҲ޳Ǳȥ
ǹ澼״ߵС̫ʹ˸ɫС̫˽Ų˲עʱתɱȥ

λᰲĹ澣ָŴŽյūۿ̫ӱųȥģ
ֻҪһ뵽֮ĹܷԼǹϲôҲڲס
˶ŭĳǰȥ澼״ϵϲ

˭֪ΪŶȴ͵صĻͷеޡžһسڹϡ
ӳϵľʹùŮŤһ¡ԣתܡ
˫ȺȻ޲ס΢΢澡顱ˤڵϣʱӾȥ

Ҷס졣
Ը澺űӵǰŭĿżҴҸĹ˲飺ʲô

纣Σա
˲ɫĿڣ߳½֮⣬վŸոմܿǸС̫ࡣ

ΣգҿȥΣաϵޣ˲ϳȥ
һʼų㱻裬ȷʵŭġԽԽòԣ俴յĴʱָоӲ
ʹصأ˰Ѳߣȴһ˶Ȼ̫ӣֱ²ԾԼſڣ˴ȥ
˲ʼĹ˽ȥ

ÿ˲˫ɺĳӹޣ£ϧ
ޣ㾹ҳ¡
볶رӳ˲飬վǵֲոǿĹ˲飬󷴱Էȥ

ޱᣬ˲ڣҧ˹ȥ˫ס˲ȥ
ſ
˲˫۷ݵĺţ̧һƾҪ

ˡ
һʯӻй˲֣ʹʶջ֡

˲飬ʲô纵Ȼ
˲ͬʱס̧ͷŵźһ纡

纡
㡣
˲ͬʱϲû£̫ˡ
ɿ˲飬ϲ̵ĳܹȥҸղ˵ˣɰˡһס纵ֱۣһ˵ҵƣȥ븸ʹ

ʱס죬һµ˵ǲǲ븸ʹ
ĺáºȻޣ±ˡ

һ˦ӣֻгĸδ󱦱ֻ䳤㣬賤࣬Ȼ佫ԼЩµ˶㣬Ϊÿ¶ú˵û³

Żӡµ
¹ڸ϶ͿޡẬЦĿУЩ졣
ģǰԼСôܹŻأĺܿᣬ⣬

纣
ŽԱ߳Ļʵۣһ纺ˣϵĵ˲˳ŭ
ǾµĵתۼȻô¡

ˣײ󣡡ʵ۱ɭѹŭ
ǰײŵʱʶ̧ס纵ǰǰһڣȫһ纣ЩƵƿ֡
ԡƭڶ𣺡Щܿ۾

纣
˵ԼǴɵСǲġ
ס޳Ưֶ˶٣ȻԹվһԡʱѾոµķۺɫȹ£ڴ˼Ưһ꣬Եøš 
ɫѵλᱻһͰˮѵʱɿס˫۵֡ĵĹ۾ʱ纻Щϰߵգգۡ

λôҲ벻ף߻ܵ纡˿Ǳ˵ӣøʷٹٺ
Լɹ½£ڹ˲ײ纺˹.ϵһĻصİ½¡ù˼ҵȨ籨ٻıǻŮˣ³ңջϣΪʲô󣬱Ƶķأ
԰Ȳ裬ôһת۾ͱ˴纵ĳ棬Ȼȫϣ

޵λᣬĿԹ޵ĵ纡
϶纵ԼǱ衭ű˺ǻ纣λ۵׸һĨĺ⡣

纣Ҫɱ㡣˫ͨĳ˹ȥɫݡ
ʱ򣬱סһ̧̣ȣư纵λߵڵء

ȫľʹȴλĺĶࡣ
ɫĶ纣ݺҡ 
λҧأ˫۲˺Ѫ˿ʮ˲Ķһ㡣
纣ݺҡλڽѹ¸С
ޱĶʳλᣬǱûȡڣʱ̶ڵ̷λᡭ

ʣʣݺҡλɫǱ̧ͷŻʵۣɤ
ݺΪαҩӲˣȡ֮ľȻߵС̫ࣿ 
λɺűȥҹС̫࣬ȫĺ⡣

ʣ󸸻죬ݺңͨ
޶ס죡ʵ۾Ӹµǽ纣˫˲λֱסĿ־С 

ʵ۸߸ϵű죬λᣬ䣺Ѻȥ꣬ûع
λɫʱҰףˣһжˣ

ȥʱĿŭĶŻʵۡΪʲôҪȥꣿҲǸʵŮǵƾʲôҪҵ³ 
ˣ˺˵ʱմմϲɵһжºͶԼͷʱԹˣ
ܵλᣬеĺ޶ͷϡֻҪһղͻԼ籨

űȥλᣬɱֱֱλ
ǱƽԨ͸ĲͿ־壬ͷһƬհף㤵Ļ

ϧĴ
յ飬ǰ纵ƣ˻ȥѡܲˣЦͷиҵ

ڹ˲½£ĿɢĶűȥλᣬ۽ǵƳվһԣǹµʱȻ˸ 
纵ʲôĹﰡ
Ϊδδζܷ׻Ϊʤ
纺ȻĿ½¾ʧģܿƿĿ⡣

ǿɡ½ɫ԰׵ץŹ˲֣е¡
ۼ˵һŲ̽ľ棬½¿־Ļڷ
ϵĻȨôΪƸΪ꣬һ仰Ҫ˵
ҺλֶԸ纵ʱûӦҲúλһ³
½´ͷëסͫâİ⡭ 

£ſҵĲûû˵֡
ɫصĸߣȥ飬˺ܴӰҲûĻҲ֪ǳųȥġ

λƵóѣçײһ߿Ĵţ汻Ƶǳ㣬Ǻ롭־巢Ĵ˸ʶק纵֡

ôˣ纵ͷȥľһ˫ۣ㣬Ժ϶Ļѧ顣
ľģһָͷ֮£ĺܺá
ײ⺢ӱ֮ǰࡣ

纵Ļ䣬ЦӯӯһԴ֮£ҲĺܺãĲң

̧ۣӴ˴һ
žµǳɫ⣬һǰǳɫɴ£ŹȣȴӢʱ򣬻мֲ԰֮  

纣㷽ҴͤӳȥѹָĿڣЦӯӯĿ⣬纰Ưϡ

۽ǵȴע⵽һֱĬĬվԱߵº͹˲˲ıɫһҲˣһҲ˪ˣ˾嶼ɫضԼҧгݵģҪԼʬΡ

ϵЦˣղΪ纺Ǳ裬ȴûֻĽƾͼơ
˸װΣ§ڻ¾ʹ˴һԳ˳˻ûȺأͱһ١

𷽲纺ϳԵĿյ纸ǰЦʣ֪Ϸ线Ŀɻ⣿
ĺЦ£ǸСһ  
ʲôϷѵͻǼݺһô纲쿪ڡ
Ȼݣȴŵķʢĵķ΢Ŀӣࡣ
λ˼ҳ󲻿线Թ򹷣ȴЩ˿Ц

ϾǸʱ򣬻ɢ
ϧ˫۾ȴ̫ƯˣƯ˫ȴɾ˼˫ʱеʧֻЦһЦ
ӿļˣ꣬ǵһοôƯ˫

ЦԭϵͷǣİĹ¸߰ͷ­۵׺ɱҲĵЦ 

£㿼ǵˣ䲻Ǹˣȴλᣬ顣
ԾĺǱ裬Ҳκ˺¡
ֻû뵽λȻд࣬Ȼ˸׳нһСĲػˮĹֱӰˣ

ԽԽϲˣ˵޸ңҶȢ檡
ںĹ˲ɫһ

ʲôȻȢǳ΢΢°ͣöӣͫε¶

ƿ˴յǰӣȫǲмǳõĶɡ
λεЦĭɢʱӵЦǳ˼ңֻܹעˡ

ǹ纣
˵ɶϣעעŲţ

纾Ե˫ۣлϲȴ񶾵˵ſϲ̨ӡ࡭
ºɭ£ӴϵЦԽԽŨۿŶ£ɸı䲻ū

ɱġ 
µĺݺһǱǻҧ°࣬˺Ѫ⣬Ѫʹ
ҧأѹӿۡ
ū΢Ҳ޷ĵݣʱԱ΢һĳ

˵Ѻͯķף֪ڹǷܹ£࣬Ǹˣ
ž
İ쳹У˶ĶһƵ纡

ӣϻľʹУĿתĶ纷ŭ۵Ȧͨ˫
ϵʹжĵ׵ζжŨƫ°

ŵԼǰ纣䴽ѪĿڣƺʩһ㣬ʹʧ
ʰ쵵ǵصĳײް磬ĽĹǰҡ

ŭˣʴʵĻˣȥ
ڽǰ˵ʱʹߵľĳǰϢŭ
Ĺĵ̣սܹɲŷҲ֪ǳʲô磿ôһ٣ٶ˼ҵĵࣿ

ȥҲǻá
վԼӣûŰ಻Եʹߣ˵Ķ޳ˡ
ǲԣǿͷǵǸ
ˡߣƣñܻɣ˴ǰͶĿġ
һʹ亹£Ǵ˴κʧܣͷҲ

ӵǸ
ҲǸ˲ţ£Ǹ̬ȳϿһӵ϶ں
纸ǰͷСǸһ㡣

纵ά¾͸˾ƵãͷѣΡ
Ŀȼһһ𣬳ƣյѪҺڷڷ̣ȴǰδеѺ侲
̧ۣǰƤЦӣźĹ⡣

ӱϳȥʱ򣬻̹̹ŤͷԹ˲˵˽㰮ҽ治
ڹ˲ĿУЦĸˣ̫ҽԺβñӵɤӣȴ㰮׾ٵκˡӻһ죬˲űߣǱ͸㰮檵ġ

ʱ
һŵĽ죬˲չڵϡġĸ֣Ŀޱȵ

½ҽã´αӻʲôˡϲȴ̵ſֵĲ̶

˲鴹ɫϲЩ½£Ϲ˲½˫һΪ佱Լ
˭֪˲ɫȸղŸ䣺֪ҽεǵйӣ
Ī룬½ɫһףԼʲôֻǱҽߵı֣βѡ

˽İ檣ҽġ¾ӸµŵڵϵĽ죬̣ƣĲȥսϰѵйĽʿҲҽˣ

˲ɫһ½»ɹ¶
ġս½¾ͱҽιսʱ֪½±˵Ŵս󽫾߽оľģΪӮġ 

˲ɫȸղŸ壬ȴ̫ʥĸǡôʱת뿪̧ͷ뿪ķ
õϦУüĿͷ˵
һϼ貵˫ۣѾûĳϴĵǺ
˲˫һ·йɻĿںֱײʹͬʱ˿˿ʹ 

˲񰵳׷ȥȴקס
ͷ½ºͮͮųҸɤӵ£
ڹ˲ĮУ½ɤŴίֻｫЩ£֪洫Եǰ㲻
򴽣ǿŹ˲飺ĲԸΪ衣

½ִżǿɫģ˲г̾һ
ˣҲһ⡣

£ֻ̥ܰ˲ǣ½µֳʹȥϽȨһ£֮ڡ
ûһĴ󽫾ҼɵοƣĸԸġ
˲鶣½£мǣ֮£ǺլӦòֵġ

½µͷԼֵֻƣڹ˲ϴŵĳʱ
˲鰮谮жһ˿Ȼʧ䣬ܿѹĵף˳ɵһĨЦסˡ

纱ͻعʱ򣬻̲ס¡
ڶǵãʱһμµʱ
˺۵ĵڱѩ԰СС꣬סһƬմѪǸ̫࣬ƣĿߡ

纵ʱСײһĻŵĲС
ʵڲ̫۸С磬Ҫϳȥҹ

֮£˰´Լ
ʱ߰£ĵһ¾ɷĳ˹˫Ưɺ壬δ̡̣ڰſ޺޴վһԣϸŨĽë˫ͫź죬ôմѪĴƬ㶡
˺׵ҪǿƯһξĲᱣˡ

ʱڹﵱʱɫӵĿüۣƲߵǰ͵͵˵Բ𡯡
ʱ纾;С磬̫ÿˣҲˣЦеİԼĹݸԡ

Ȼ󡭡Ҳûдá
ΪûҴͥУûūڹߡ

һ룬һڻȨ߸ٲάʱΪաںլҲʱʱﰵյµĹա
ʱĺѧѧӸ°䷢һ桮֪ͼĽ졣

ࡣ纺Ȼյǰ
±⧲ĿͷһĶ糺졣
治ɫĿ纣εķոĶ纣͸żֹ¹̬ȣк£


ǰŰ覣纺Ȼ˸ղͬ˵ʲôˣ

ף£ͻȥ갲ѹѹ
ʵûбŵ纣ʵƽ
ü£ϵۣʵʵ˵ðɣҺһ밲ѹѹ

¿ȥϸӰ΢䴽һЦ

ࡣ߽纣Ȼۻߵǰһ˵࣬ܺá
²촹˿纣ǸСüͷޱȵĵӳͦεӰ
㲻Ϊ˵ѹΪáõӢж

վǰôЦĶ˵ֱҵĻ
Сɵӡ
ĺӵ

¶Ŀӹ˲ɢˡ
̴Ц۵⡣
Ȼ纾͸оԼסˡӰͷڻŻ糺ۣܸܵӽʶȣż

Ц˵⣬¹ˡ
ݵӵɿʱͷ纶ˣ˫۵ɵԲĿ

¶ɾãȻ񣬷ЮЦŨ
ͷǰĿԡ
վǰ½ΣƯķ٣ǰһϸ
۾üְ˸ܵů

ĵ˵ʲôζʱ֣˹ĵС
ھмᶨһǻȥξ

֪֮ԼǺڰеƣ֮ǰŵĻ䣬ֺ嫵ߴ

ΪԵҲû취վߡ
үµõ˻ᣬݷˣڽЩʱͻᣬԼȷӣ֮ĸ顣

κлϲ
Ľʱµӣڿ֮󣬱һʰķѿɾ˲ɿܵİ

Ĺ֪Ǵǰ˴δ˵ǿĿԼʱﶼǿġ
ͷüףϴϲͰ⡣

˫ıȸղŸԲ쵺ϦĹʹŨ

ա࡭
ԼЩ͵Цֵ˵Ķͷɿ˼
ԾʱϻͷЦķһγ˿貵Ц⡣

¹ٽպ㡣
ˬʺЦ纶УԵӰ˾ֿġ

Ŀ˳㣬ܵ¡ĲУ޵ָڶˡ

ˣȻҳ㡣
ζҪըˡ
ûأʲôʸף·ϣͻˡ
תͷһŶͷ㶵²뿪ıӰþûزˣﻹмռ˵ϲɫô£

˵õķŭأ˵õȰƣ˵õĴͽأ
㻹ЦˣȻЦˣ

ߣ㣬㲻Ծ
纺棺ﲻԾ
˵ˣûס
纣
հȰȶ£˰ɣ
ͨ죺жͷ
纣

µĺ飬ûάֶá
Ϊصʱ̴λ׼ĲУ˶ֽţԭĺϻɢл˶ҩ
һɫ䣬ͬ׵ԨΣգɱ⣡ 




28.     ˫ϲ


, ˣˡ
պĳһ, ʱ, ɺȻ

纺ǳⰢĪҪڷǰ, 澴ӵϷ߳Ųʣֺ˭ˣ
, ½´ˡ

ɵĻ, üͷһ, ǸǲԼݷͷʹ̾˿
ѵΪ˲飿Ż½Դ׵Ĵ 

ģ, ҲóȥС
线첽Űɳߣת˴, ȹ̨, 빫ɤӺһҲӣǱժ纵ģ

纣
ԴܲΪ˹˲, ȻΪԼ
ŮװʱеŮ½°ڵϡ
Ҳûǽıվ½ǰӸ£ĿĵĿ½£, Ѿұժ纵ӣ꾫б£ý˻Ϊ, 𣿡

纴Լ֪ľʲôˡ
Ϊ˲½µĳ谮ά½ߵѾһֱûʲôأҲŷ˵̬ӣŭ

ȹڳĸ̨ȥʱĿĵɨ򱻹ǱڵϹŵ½£Ц治֪ʲô£Եת˲Ϲ۾ȻΪĺ꾫еһС

űվһԣֱĿ࣬ôбƢ𱬵ˣ
ĪҪ嶯ȰҪҲõȹ˲˹һʱ

½Ȧͨ˵ҿԣ㲻ҼҽߣҼҽ˶صӺйӢۣġ

㻹˵һصӺ󽫾ȴΪʲôǣ޺޵Ķ½£㲻Ǻ꾫㻹Ǹɨǣմϵ˶û¡㿴˲飬õĻǣһǱŵù

ԭ½£գŮ춼ݷ
һʼ½´·ȲѾ߶ˣΪļҵĹ̫̫
ټ½Դһ֣˿˱øеϢһʼҶѺã˭֪Ȼ½£

½º͹˲֮£˶֪
ǰһ˸̵ɾ£ǳ˾Ц
һʱ䣬½һж˷Ȼ˲鱻Ȩ˼ѫ󣬹˲黹ǹӣҰڹ˲Ǽ˵Ƿǡ
½һ檣Ǳ˿һˣ޵磬ҲΧŮбġ
Ϊǹ⻷Ե£ôһ˵ҺȻ׷ͷķӦ
ⲻ԰壬֮־һԽĺ蹵˭Ҵӣ̳޵Ϊ
ײˣȻ׷׽ͷӶ½ָָ㡣

ڵΪ½£ٵľĸסͺ½ԼҶӵǰ̣òݴŻᣬȥݺƾ½ϣҪļˣҳҡ

˶ʣŪһ
һۣ˶±ƣǽѵ½£ܳһŸʲô

ҽķúýѵˮļˡǰξĸǸϸˣ˿

½ǶȳѪˣϢĹ˲״ɫһݡ

ֻһһĽӽзɳɱϸ½°Ƶ

棬һ̣еĳЦ˲ʧʤѩŽʣϾ칬ɵĹ˲飬Яųɱһ

Ϲ˲ڳɱ֮˫ۣ½ί
ۿдתˮߵ˳ӳĵİǺ׵İӡԽĿģۡ
½´ӵϷǿưԵĻڻУ߸ϵűϷˣĮ̴Ӱȥ

˽ĺð檡иŮĽڡ
ֲ׻ŶԷף˰ĳ谮ǻŮġο˲¶ŹĵĮϢǶޢŮеɡ 
½ĽԼʱЩɬŹ˲֡ 
죬һС㣬ȻĽһ檡Ůĸ׺ǳ⡣
⻰½ɫһףЩ˿Ϊ檣ǽô 

ƫͷɨ۱ĸ׺ǳ⣬˫ȴĽŹ˲½˵ŮɫջĿ⡣۾ô䣬½Ȼܻñ˵ĽǱŮô

һߣͷɫĹ˲飬Сૣ˽
ϧˣɫרעָĨȥ½ϵ
½ϵˮȴĨԽ࣬˽˲黳ϸ׵ֽק½󣺡
˲Ժףḧ䣬ɨվ̨ϵ纣䵭Į۵׸һĨõɫ

΢΢ףĿ߰ĶŪ
̬ù˲һɷ
Χ۵Ⱥ˲ϵɷ壬ȫԻ˼Ψµȹ̨ףƫͷڵ֣

㣬½µѾµġ߹ȥ״
ڱ˲ӵУͳվһߣʲôҲ˵
˲Ƴһۣ²ڵϵĳ䱸Уһתʡ 

纣ô˵˲ĿⶨϣҲ֪Լ˵½ֻһ

ȴλת̨ȥ˲üͷһȥק纣ȴԷ㿪ϻһơ 
߹㣬һΣһΡ°°ͣЦЦĶŹ˲顣

˲鴹ҵڻŸ£ΪҴӦĸס
ƨ¡纲ͷĻЩеûģǵİСĵ㣬ٷûƺ;Ȩˡ 

纵ĻΧȫһǰĽ½±˲鰮صǸŮĿ纡
и뷨ղôƵĽһСأ˰Ե谮|˿ݣλ˶صĳǰֵһᣡ  
䵱ǻСŮˣѧϰŮˡ˽Ͱ֮ĸ飬ƺҲûôˡ

˲ӵ½վԭأĿⶨ纸߰뿪ıӰһ
ǰΪ纶мڽ͡ˣȴˡ

½ŷ뿪ģſ续ոһĨ΢΢һʹǱһֻƺݺ߬ţʹ

͹˲ʮָ۵֣΢΢˽
˲鴹ͷʵǲۣ۽ǵƳ½½ԻĶӣüͷһȥ򡣡
½Ź˲齹ǵģĿڵʹȻʧĿڷ˿˿⣬ǳһ㣬Ҹ
ʵΣ
ڽ˵治һеάʱ½¾֪Ⱳӹ˲鶼ضԸ׵ĳŵһһ 

ˣǴѽ½´ҵԼЩҩС˶٣˵ղʦȻԩô
˲һսɱУ̫ɱŰɱ⣬Ҳ֤׹ľġ

Ż˳ƣӽ˳졣  
ϰ˳Ц˲һ֪ľ뵽üģ
䵭Į˫º䴽Цü۷㲻𣿻ȥұ˴ׯЩ
á½Ļŭ§Ź˲Ĳӣһ¡
˲üͷһ½ɫͨŴɫߣǸǵԼ
˵ʲôԼڰһϷӣɵ°ͣȤߵʹߣҴ纣᲻ܿģ
ᣬһ١ʹ˵
ԼҪ˵ʱ̲ס˵ղΪʲôҪų

Ҷ̫֮λû˵ӾǰʶּҪΪ̫ˣҹյɸ봫ţ˵ڵӣʺȻΪ̫ӡ
Ǹӳʹûĵܣ۵׸һĨްɱ⡣һĸĹ˵ıӼ֣Ȼ̫֮λ
гɱӲ֪̫֮λȫΪµıƣ 

ɫĳȥʱһɫӢ꣬ȴȻס
̨ӢһӣĪҪԴ
Ļû˵꣬ͱСɳָקųԺȥӣ㲻ҪԵ𣿽ʦֳˣȥ

װױСɳߵʱ򣬻ͷӴ󺰣סҪԴ
ʦ֡һ˼װ׵Ŀ⾪ϲĿǰʦãô
װһ½£˵ȫˣϲ̵½£ǲ֪ҵģ

½ǳЦʦ֣ġ
䣬Լװ񣬱Ѿ뿪ˡ

ȻʦԵߣʦÿ϶ת⣬ϲҵġװĿճյ½뿪ıӰþûز

½ӰʧſڣһţղǸӲҪԴ.ҩ.ҩϵҩζһϣγɾ綾ġ
λôأӦǲзġ

յľдһ˿ӡ
ϪߵͤѵͲʡģԲעʹܣľɾ𣿡

㣬ҿûܣָ˵֡
ѲƶЦһʮӲ˵ľҲδ´οһ򡣡
˳ϵװرˬ
Ϸﶼ˵Ůװֵطˡòײ纴棬û뵽ȴ˴İ檣ʵ̫ѻˡ

纣˵㸸ʵҼ޸˭̲סʵ׺Щˣ㸸ʺͿһ㣬ҲҴͻ飬ôҡ

ˣ
һΪһ췴ɱҲ֪ڻ޸˭

޸˲顣˵꣬æ˵Ҳ㶼ˣټ޸ҲǿԵİɣ
纵ѣʵڲΪһˣ֮ĺ

˵޸˭Ҷùʡ룬˵㵱ѣˣֻа檣޹ȥ

ҾͺݺʰǸ檡ת뵽˲һ۶Įϵŭʧ䣬תֵȥ㸸ʣҺ͹˲ͻ飡

Ѿ纳̾һȰ˼䡣ϧȥΪǱ´ͻ飬չ˲ڱԼƺľأԼΪԼţԼΪ檶Ȳʰˡ

˭룬ʵ۸޸˲顣
޸˲飬ǹ˲ƣǸΣ
ǻʵʥּͻȻŸӣʮĸΪ
纵֪Ϣʱ򣬶һ£˺һŷӦԼииĻ塣
һλ͸ƵãûҲûȢϱû뵽һȻȢΪ

Ĩ̲ס˵һ峤úӢҲº
ӢкãվϲǸˡɫԹ˵Ҳ֪ԼĻ
ģҲֻܲᣬˣ

иСã˵ǻģ汻ϵĹš
ŷŴ߽纺ӹ𿪷λһ˵֪˭¶ֻ֪࣬һȥ

㣬ȥ𣿡ʵ
ȥ纲ŲλĻᣬŵݸɣŽεľȥץλᡣ

ҲУסˡ
ЦȻУǶɱҵ֤ݺϢⶼץе˵ȥ

ʱȺλᣬޱĸžˡ
߳ʱŤͷĻ۵׸һĨĹ⣡ 

λᱻץϢŲ豭ܸоԼʲô飿
λһֱݶأһôѰѱ͵

Щҵʱ򣬺Ȼڶ𣺡նۣ̫Ӹ游ʳĴľ޴£°հδķ緶
һ䣬͵شǰվ
ڣ
£
һλǰɣ
һĶڣӺλ˽ۡʱ°ն˵»֮飬λȻʺ󻹸ߵĴ
纲֪Ӻλ֮Ǽù飬ǰλỹӵĺӡ
λɱԼӱ𣬿ֻ۷
Ŀģ̫ӡ

ԼĲ²⣬µʱ
½ǰĹǰ˵ݣŵģн䱸

λı֮£ıѾáȻ˳а׮ɻйɰһֱ׷鲻

Ҳǻʵ۲λᣬԭĿľλ᳹ڳµİֻû뵽Ȼ³ˡ

䴽̲סޣ࣬ƺδѡԺʣô֪Щµģ

һʼ֪ʺ̫Σա
һΣǰ֪λĶ֪δˣõĸࡣ
ƵУЦ˵Ϊ¹٣һʼ׷¡
ĳׯһ»˵֪λᱻץߺ︡һĨЦ⣺հռƻ¡




29.     ˫ϲ

һ, 纾ڹڣûȥ֡
ۼͷĵ, Զ˹
ѾҪֵ, , ĺ壺㣬˵̫Ӹᰲȫ𣿡
磺Ҳ֪һΣܲܰѾһ򾡣

̫Ӻ಼ľ֡ʵҲǶ޸֮Ů, ˶ڹϢ, ҲȥֳҰ

ļٵʱ, ˵Ѿץסˣֻ̫ӵһ, Ĩ˾綾

ôˣ纲شվľĴʵ
ް, еļǽⶾ֡˴ 
Ŵ˻, ˿, ллû¡

ˣȥࡣȻ֪ûΣգ纻ۿһŻġ
Ҵҵĸةฮ

纴ةฮſһ·ʱ򣬸հ˿ڰõ, ڸ¡
ŶʱЩ죬ʶ£±ȥ

˭֪纾ֱ, ʣ Ķ׽˿𡭡
һⱻʳ»شֽ˰ڴߣϵ¡

线䱻ѪȾɴȦһ죬˵İ£ָĸ˿ڴֻܸĦ

۲ۣʣɤ˵Ĵſǻ
һۡ 
ҿûб˿ڡΰ³װ⣬ϻһˣЩҩȴû

纱Ǽһᣬӣָڲ˸ḧŪ
ָ£żʵǳȵ顣Һò˲أ线϶۵ĵ޳
ָҪ˳ŲµʱָȻ߬סͷɳƶͳɤ

纲̧ͷһ̣糺ˣ߬סָ΢΢Եޱȵİ˻ȥ
Ů˵ůһ뻳㷢һ̾·ڱѩУóԸĽڵȪУ. 

纺׵֣΢΢ſϸı߻ѹϸʱ˳ߣԼСԵİԵ˻ĺӿ

纵˽ʶȵţǹһ㣬Ҳ·һͷԷγ㣬ǵصͷϮĳңԡ 

ȸղỴ̈ǣ˿ڡֻ޴ĿУֻʵĴ飬ȴСƳ״Ưĸ
ͬڴ·ʱͦÿһ缡ʾ
ƯûߣǱĵطƺ컵ջʹһɨȥ
ͷһΪԼµɫͣѾ˳Σյ

֪Ǳܹȵ߳ܡһʱܲԼֳ߳뷨ҵƿ£ͨͷ塣

ĶӵǱ̬ƱԸеĴ΢䡣
СڷӳǸʵô

ŷŸ֣ڵ۵.ڽ֯ 
Ĺһ֮ĵ纡

ػųСŮһ仨ȴҲΪ˱̳ȫķâ
ıñǰ̰ҲҪԶԶػţţɿԵˡ
ξʵÿӵǿưԵһ㣬ۣҧŴЯƵĴɫģˮ˫ӳӰ߻Ĵ.Ϣ

ô֣
ô

纲֪ԼôصģӶǳԵԵ£ԼԼӿҰԵĻ档
ҹķԺд˻Ϣ

ʱִ˽㣬λˡ
סһģӦ˵ʲô

λˣҧԾġλᣬꡣ
ʵСʱǸ黹ǺܲΪӵԭǾͱˮݵĵˡ
λΪıʸûУʬ屻ϵڡ


µ⴫췢£ŵȥ
Ĵ˽Ҫ͹

ΪԼĵ߳ܵ뷨纲̫Ըദ
ɨվߵˡ

ٿ۴Ź߳ȥİɣΪε̾˿
Ҫͱ£ֱͦóǣĿбӵ
ö⣬һξɫǰƹ纣ȴһ仰סˡ

˵ˡ
𣿡纲죺ڱһգɱ
β׹ɫЩ໹ƴλġ

λᰮĲӣӵ
ڹ֮գӲ̬ãԼȥһֱݷڰֱղ֣ϧ̫ƻȻˡ

λ֮ҧԾΪе֪ѾȫϢ
뱨ƻı纣ԼȥӡһУ˱ɱӡ
Ϊӱɱ˵λᣬñѩ޵ͬʱ־Ϊı籣ϣѡҧԾȥˡ

ʵ˵ˣ֮־ñˡ
Ͼ½¾˰뱲ӵˣϷϷôأҲ׾ٵȥ

ȫ׷ӣڳץס֮ǰСġܵӣüɱ⡣ 
˼Ƭ̣˵Ҵ֪ӻȥ
̧ͷ˵½£˰м½£ҵӵ䡣
½ģǶɣһ½µӣ᲻ȥ
Ͼйص˺£ô䣬󶼻Ϲϵ

¹뵽һȥˡ´΢̣ü۴õ
ЦҲЦЦӦԼ̬ȺֺͰˣæϵЦ⣬߸ϵĶ˵£°ɡ
·΢ãĹ۲ת¹˿Щۣô

۵𣿡һƹʵ
ʵãƫ֣¹ֻ¼ˡ

纳ɹˣ˼Ƭ̣˵˸׼죬ҵķȥ
ȣᲨ˿ڡ

ΪԼǵԵ΢΢Աơ
ͶӰǽϵӰǣ֡޳Ưָ΢ǵӰҲ˳ĹŮ˵СĴָ

Цӯӯ纱־գԶ֪ᣬİݣĵ׵ҰһĵôߵĻˮ̰ᣬҪջ󡭡

ࣿ࡭Լ£̲ס˵𣿡
»񣺡ˣ졣

ǳ鴤Ϊ˾Ļ˵
ԼϹģ˵߲Ͱ͵˵ӵ£

ԣԼվ̫
ʾ˵Ϳʼϧ

ЩҲٰˣĿ˹ϣӣɫĶ˻֣ˣذɡ

¼һֻƯĲ˹è̲ס͵ЦɨУĵǹúЪϢ¹ȸˡ
һ۽ǵƳſڵʱ̲סȥöϣЦ¡
ջĿ⣬ǣأ纣ǲǵҰ
ûСѿڶ
¶߳ŭģͻȻˬʵĴЦ
Ц̫ǣ˿ڣƺһ˿ϣЦķȫٵĹ⡭

Ҫˡ
ŴĿڣһԲϵòĵĺ˹ȥһķ󡭡

ڶգӱ
Ū̫֮λüӼϻȥȹڳеŲС

е᲻纣ôɿɰĹûߣؼҵӣίʵЩϧ
ڳŵʱȻս϶վڳǽϵ纴Ļ˻֡

纣Ҫҵ˻ʵۣ㻹ûףȢɺá
ݡ
Ӧһֻɱļʸüһγĳ˼ʸֶ纸纣ĺȢ㡣

һΣӦޱת뿪ıӰ
·ߵʱ򣬻ƳеĹһʶЦ

µͷӸµĴĿײһ£Ķͷ󲽳¥ȥ޼ĲҡųأĹâ 

㣬ǲǿˣ̲סѯʡ
纴󷽵ͷڸ飬Ӧûеġ

ȷʵһóġ
൱ףǲǲ̫ãʣϾ࣬Ź档ȥ¶ԳеӰ첻̫á

ŶҾѡ˵
ʶͷվڳǽϵǵ糺ӰͻȻЩɬһ˰ϧࡣǸ֮ܵ࣬ʵڲͻḡ˶Է

ĵص̾˿ܿίʵʹ
纺ܿ˳ǽǹµǰͷûƼֵȺУһһŮĿתĶ


½̧һֱĹ˲飬ĵ׸һĨɬͼʡ
ÿγ֣

˵ȥ¥Զô½קҡҡ
˲鵭ӦһƳ纵ʧȺУŻ񣺡߰ɣǰóϲԵĶ 
½·𱻸Ȫˮ͸˶Żϲ֮⡣ 

ϡ
ЩƵÿżҴҳǰȥЩʣȥ
ˡ纲²⡣
ͷսĿҵһţݵǰŴһ֣³һ顣

㡭
纣ʮ顣
ŵίͰ͵ˡ
۾ɵԲģЦЦ˺ˣһ顣
лл㡣ϲЦտóīʼ顣
һģ֧򦣬ޱȵ룬ȻһӸĽܹã

ͬʱСӣ˹˲ļ᷿򴽣᷿š

ܿ죬Ŵ汻򿪡
վſڵ½һ㶣ϵЦʱ
ʲô
Ҫ˲顣
֪Ϊʲôڳɻ֮ǰһ˲飬Լģʲôɣ

ڡ½ɫĹš
Źȥסţ̬ͬ䣺һ檣ʲôʸ˵

⻰⣬ݺ½ϡ
ҧŴĿݺݵĶѾͩɻǺҲл£Ф˷Ůǿ

½ºɫͬʱһ䣬Ϊ½ҲӦ֪ޣ޷˵ĸ˾Ӫе¡
ͩɻŮǲǶôҪǽϲ㣬ôҪ

סڡ½ºǳ⡣
ͩСĿ½£ԼĻôѵ⣿
ȫΪ½ĵйͩһ

վſʲô˲鵭ĮһԴ
½ɫ԰׵ĳ˹ȥС˵ͩһתͩ˵۸Ƿˡ

˲ɫһĿĶ
û۸ֻ㡣ߵ˲ǰ˵㵥ġ

½½ŵĿУ˲鵭Һ޻˵
Ź˲鳯żȥӰȻȥקס˲ֱۣ˵Ľ㡣
һʼӧĹף޸˲ġ

ʱ֪˲ҡ
ս̰ȥսΪķΣ;㱻Ĺʿɱ
ʱ˲һ㣬ǰʿ˼޹С
Ҫ޸ˣ˵Լ⡣ûлӦҲ֪

½ĽųϸһĨŪ
Ȼһ̣ͼ˲˦֣лԼˣء
뿪ڽͣԼû뷨֪ԼĽѣȴ˲ĺиһĨ

ĨǴž綾ݺݹᴩĿڡϣûʲô˵ˡ

ʧǵվԭأŶԼĹ˲飬ȴĶԴ檵ģȻһЦлԼ͸أôأ
Ȼ̧ͷʹ˲飺лԼΪλҪȢ檣

˲½ɫ嶼һ䣬ȻѾݷ򣬺ǵû̫ĸϵ
½º͹˲鶼֪纵ӰһֱڡĻ˺֮һֱԵ⡣
漴ʣһ檣ȻȢġΪȢ檣һƣҹ˲飬صʱôԼ
ĿڱһŭǸﲻסˡȻ˲أӼ̤⣬Ҫúú͹˲ôˡ

Ѿ߽һΪˣ㱻ݷ֮ǰе°ɣҲ֪ΪʲôҪʱȫΪ纴򱧲ƽ
ȻЩʣ½սеİɣ˲磬սɳ˴ʣ

½µͷŸ۵׸һĨ𺡣
˲üͷ½¸еĺӲģȴõΡʹ½飬Ҳ½µҪ󣬰̧ȢΪ檣֣Ƿġ

£¹½˲鲢κˡ
һȴȻĶԲ纣½һŵǧȴΨ纡ΪĳŵΣĳ˺纡





30.     ˫ϲ

Ϲ˹, Żϲ㣬ΪĹסĳͷݺײ˲顣
˭֪˲̫, ǰײĵȥ, ¥ֱӹȥ

޹Ů, ʧɫ¥ǵĹ
ȴ̫ƿŮͷȥ

, ôѪˣ½ɫȥ˲Ѫ, ȴ˲ɫĮĻӿ
յԼһƺ, һֱûҩˡײһ£ؿѪӿ˿Ѫ 
õΪ˾µ½, 鼱֮һƣ, ѪԼʱʱ̿Ѫ, ܾܰǷ纵Ļˡ 

, ۾ͷǰ塣
ʵ̫ˡ
ôΪеӢΣĹִأ

ء°ԼҸˡû˵ǽǣ޵ı±껹ҺúޣҺúڣءؼҡ

ڵĺ޵ʱʲôͷϡ
ʺ
ȥĨͷ, ʲôûͨıӣͷؿ

ͷֱʲôײһ¡
ˣ޶˺úÿ𣿡Щ̧ͷŭ, ȴȻסһṫӣʱЦеſǽͷṫֻŸˣ˵ĩ˩ŸӡֺгĻ棬˸á

𣿡ṫʵʱǿͷһ£ôãЪһЪٿ޺òã
Ժﶺèõʱ򣬱Ŀһ
ΪСӿ޿޾ͣˣû뵽ʱûͣ޿κ֮£ֻſǽͷСˡ

Ŀ㶵ĿŵԼǰӣʶ˸á̧ȡӡ
ллҿ޵еˡҧ˿ӣϸ壬֭
֭˲Ļ飬ڳӣЩſǽͷ¹ӣ𣿡
˵꣬Ӿ͡ṫӵĺЦע£˼ĺ˺ŶӣŤͣ糿̫磬ûԷԶˡ
ӻеĻҿԻǮģҲ׳ԡ 

С۾޵ֺף˵ɤƣ۵ӳĺܡṫӷǵûֵ˸װȥ

ΪһˣΪ룬㲻ӭݡṫͣʳ͵ġǹ˻ޣǾͿްɡ
ṫЦ˵ӵķݣҼҵĲҵĿᳳűˡ

û뵽Ĺ˽֮ˣ
Ǹ̾ƿڻҵɴȴķռԱ߻һۺɫĻ

ҲԻʶ˵
Ҳ֪ϲʲôԾһɡṫ˵ĵʱ򣬶࿴õúܶࡣ 

Ǽ⣬ǺŨǳ㣬λ¹ӣºֲͻ
Ȼ£ɿŻ塣ṫӲУּٵ˻塣קһͷṫӣ⧲ıǽͷק
ҵ
״ʶܹȥֽסȴ顯һˡ

űԼεŮṫӾͺܡ
޿κε̾üѾߣ̧ȥҽݡ

线̧Լеʱ򣬶ˡ
ˣǡΪһֻռһ
ռͻҵǸ͵ġЩ졣

ֲˣʲôļƷ˹ͼͻ 
ǸµĹӡ˵
ɬģüǲϲ˲飬˼ĽεˣĻ壬ǲӵһȫȫԴ

õʲôһ߳Լһʡ
ʮٵӦҲС纽ͣһң˻׹ݡΪδŵӣ϶Ҳյġ

ŶҸ񡣡һռ룬ʲôȽϺأ
ٳգʯͷ

ʯͷʱ򣬾ܾ͡ȡ
Це˵زԭʯԭʯȫϺõ϶ϲ 
ˣˡҲʵʮӣէ϶ϰߣǮðʲôʲô

ʵ޸˼ңҲر
ǸſǽͷϺλṫһ㣬òº;͸ˡλṫӣĵꡣ

ڴʱˡ
ʶȥֻһ޳ͦεṫӴ˽
ӱ͸סֻƼһϮ£Ŀ߽Ȼ̾˿

游һҿĸǰͷٰ¹Ц˵
Ȼһҵ·ȥͷ㻹˼˵⻰
ϤߣֽĿתĶŴ߽ǸˣŵĶð

˵ȻЦһ£Цдϲá
ͬѣͬ峿ſǽͷϣӵǸꡣ

Ե˫Լϣһ˿º͡ĿײǽѹĿҪϲá

קס纵֣ڸԽԼʱرŵ˵ԭռʻṫӣ尡
üϲģٿȻЦˣá
룬Զ޺ףܼ޸Լкøеˣ޺ʺõļˣδôӣӦùúҸͿ֡

㣬̾ʲôЩƵʣЦŵģȴҪ̾ 
Ҿڸ̾˫ĿЩĽ˵  ҰҺޣҲᱻסһֱ߲˼
ǰԣһҵľأҲĺܺðɣ
ˣҲӦöáҲ

վſڵĹ˲һ
ǰֻԼκͳŵΪӦأسŵ
ΪԸһУ˵ıϲ

ɵԼ̫ʱ򣬿ʼڣֲʱ 
ȴվУ˵ҪҰҺޣŲᱻסҲ߲˼
ǳȻ
˲͸۾΢һ͵żģһ̣纣ȻųСټ档

˲սȭͷתԱߡ
Ѿ߿ıӰһʱ֪ô£
˹˲游ٵ˲ΪӳȻ֡ôˣ 

˲ججߵϷ˵Ժ䣬½¼Ļŭš
ģѾϷ˵ͷ硣½һ߰һ߶ǰĹ˲Ц˵Ϸ˵ͷ缲ԺΪĻ⣬ҲѹƲ
Ŀڹ˲ϣɫ̫ãǰĶͷǲô

˲ʶܿɿ½¡СΪԼĸüͷջ½½Ŀ£ڰյס  
½һЦһ˳ɵķС˲˲佩ֱȻܿͷɻǱϸ緢½²ˡ

˫һ˵ַˣ 
˲鵭û£ߵ̫ĿЩۡ
纶Լģ˲۵Ŀڣˡ

һҩ裬Ч½´ͳһСҩƿһҩι˲ߣˣ˲վȬ

ء˲ƫͷܿιߵҩ衣
ܾ½ˣɻǿջЦӵͷ书Ӱ졣
ָ¡ĸĿڴ˵ҪŽѧ׺һսɳĺöɡ

Ӻ½µĸף˲ɫһ䡣
ιߵҩ裬ߵֽ߬ȭվ½£ſ̵ҩ衣

½¼״˫΢䣬ɤҲȸղ˲٣ܴٽ˯ߵҩȻ׼ֽүЦĲãڹүٵʱ򣬻ĺܸˡ

˲Ӹµ½Цģ˵Ψһľѧҽýļи壬ϵʱⲻ

СͬΪѣֻпձЩ˼ָָ̱㣬ܲܡ
ȥ游ף٣ȥˡ
ţܾ½µĹ˲ʱЩǣ½µֳȥ

һ߳Ϸ˼״俪ڣվס
½»ͷЦϷˣɤãϷһͬǰȥô
Ϸǰ½£ûǹ⻷Ӱ죬ӶϲˡԶ½µ̬һֱǵģûʲôøС

Ϊʲô½Ϸ˲õ̬ȣɫЩֻʵ˹˲һۡ
ĸ
˲뿪˵ͱϷ˴ϣͿҲұ졣
ϷеĹصĴڵϣ顯ľ죺չΪ游٣ö֮Ĵһ檳ϯϷ˺ɸֵ˵㲻ҪǹҪ

ϷĿУ½ֱףԼǴµΪͷ磬ʯĳ˶ñĺϴ˰ɣ
ΪϷȴ˲ϲԼ

½±Ź˲ֱۣˮ˫ίίŹ˲顣
˲һֿ飺ĸҴӦµĸҪúչϺͰ˼ҴСͽ̵ңҪһŵǧľӺͳְӢۡ

ģϷ˶ˣ㵱ŵԵľӺͳְӢۣκˡأΪһ·ŮˣԼŪһ㡭

ᵽϷ˾һޱĶֻ޵½£ֺݺݵ۹˲飺سŵϺͰٻǶԸ԰Сǧ֮ݼ޳ȥ˼ҵĸأսһŮ˻УΪĶԴӣԼǰ̶ĸɸɾôĽ̵㣬ȴ̵ôζ㲻ĺͿ

ϷĴء
ɹ˲鲻Ϸ½¸еĺӲģʼҲû½¡
ԳɽһսŮװ½ֻһ˶˳
Ϊ˾ԼԾͷΪ˾ȻҩĽʿ衣

Զˣһգ½˺۵ıҩŲ鸡ܵǰֿЦ˵оʱģ
ǿ¸ҵ½£ڳ˵սϣ˾Ӫ
ԼͣŮˣþأǷ½µģһӶ塣

Ŀᶨ½µļֻҪţᵣչ½µΡ
ĪҪΪҶײϷˡ½齹Ź˲֣ҺȻöЩҾͲȥǰˣүʺþС

½µΪȴ˲ϧ
ӵ½£ǻСõʿҲκ㡣

ĲΪˡ½ָƴץס˲֣ۿͨ˵岻
ⳡִ½µױϷǿƵ˺Ժûȥǰ 
һ뵽˲뿪ǰʱǰε½ĵϲõġ

½ĳӣϷ˿϶Ĺ۵ġͩһԴ򱧲ƽ
үŸ½µūⱲӶֻΪ½¶
ӣ½µͷԼԽԽĸʲôյһ㣬̾˿ 

**
ʮٵϣʵݰ٣ףԸٱɽĺشʡжݺᣬҪл۶ʱȴʵ۷ס

ϵλνû
ʵǸּǺõԲϳҲ֪Լڴˣòμٵ˽ţûñ뿪ˡ

ҿĽĹ֮ա˵ҸԶǸ߸ϣӲ׽ǡ

Ҹõĸʺ;Ժˡ
ΪŮǷֿģ纲ûп˲ĵĻ
ʹĺ˼ƣر˵Ŀع磬üˡ
ûΪ͹ԼһŮϧս޳ûΪ͹½µǹ⻷˱ǿڻҵ磬̫ˡ

纾ƺȵĿģȥ԰ʫʱ͵͵ˡ
ʫǰڹжʱÿʫһһѵͷ
Ϊ˲Լͺͷ뿪

ȴû룬ĹߵĻȳȥʱ򣬾Ȼ˴Ѿɢ½¡
üһүɾÿޡտû˱ǿڻҵʱ򣬾Ͱ½͵ǰˡ

½һ纣֧Ŀ־塣
Ѿͩ뿪ȴסվǰ΢ЦĿ½£밲𣿡
½촽£ȴҲĹ纽űߣߵݵμ
ȴ۶û˦ŲԽ½³ǰȥʱЬײСĲס½ɢڵϵȹڡ
ָ߸ϵ̬½ĵһвѻͳ
ʶԼȹʱ纸պðѽƿգԼˤ˳

ͩɼС
ڴʱһӰȻԱԾˮ½¾
½ȹȴȾѪ
¡
ʪ͸Ĺ˲飬ɫĺᱧС½³ǰ塣·ߵʱÿ




31.     ˫ϲ

ŻɢϢĹ˲, üһ˼Ȼص˺ϱͬľءǶתת, ½Ҫǰˮ, ǰɣ

纴, Ŀڹ˲黳ɪɪ½¡
빫޹أԼ½ɫ־Ŀ纣ҧ´, һί˵Լеġ
Խ, ԽԵǱ߸ֽĳ̤ƽ, ŭԣܾίίģ, ù˲ŭ졣

ˡ
½纣˱, ȴŰ, ӲҪѹ½¸纹

Ϊ纱, ȴû뻹ݲ½¡
һ̣ܾί½ǰĵ׶纵ǸʱȻ޴档

ּֽʱ̣纻߸ϵĵ·룬еŭ㻹
½ǰսܹˣӵ, ޿ܻС
˲½жϲӣҲ˵ĸǼΰ顣
ôۿŶж½£ĥѣ

ǹİ檡䴽, ˫۾ű½£վԼǰĹ˲顣
ˣȥǰѲμ̫ҽȫ˽İơ

Ҫ½²ֻʳŵɫˣ¡
ʲôأ
Ȼ纺
Ϊ˲˫µͨѾ˵һС 

ղ½µģ˲һ漴½˵ҲǴ֪ôΡŹ˲ؽ٣ұȥӿ±סˡ

纵ͷ½½ĵģЦд
ǺֶΣͷβû˵һ䲻ǣҲûײʾίĻ˶Ϊˡ

̫ҽҽΣʹּͣ⡭ŵ˵£ҲùԹԸлھ½¼ʶʶʲôˣ
½¼ȻܵǰˣУҪݺݽѵ½¡

㡭
˲뷢ŭ촽ȴһָֻס½˫ͨĿҡͷӨ͸˳۽ǻ䣬ʪ˲԰գԽ

½Ŵӹ˲黳ʹĵУȴּǿĺ΢ЦĹǰʱ򣬵ͷȴ̴档

˲߬ȭͷĿĶ纡
Թ˲ŭߣ䴽һЦܲˣȻ˺ѷεʱ򡭡

۴Զ̫ҽǣžӸµ۹Լǰ½£Ͱ˵ɣѹ˽ļ檷ȥС
͹ġ˲ǰһӰж½£ᱧڻУ󲽳Ժȥ

½²԰ĿУĿĽ˵ǹǼ檣ұãͽ޹ء
˵ˡⷬ˵Ĺ˲Ρ
ӦҪغͰȴסеĺӶ

Ź˲ھģ½Ľͷϲ˲䣬˳İοŹ˲顣
ڹ˲鱧Ժʱӹ˲̧ͷĵĿ۱ӵŸ纡

㣬Ǹղš˵ǲ̫ˣɻûڣʱӦ԰
Ϊʲôһ˲ͬ½檣ǰ½¿ù˲Ҫ˳

ڹ˲½·ڴϵʱ½´ͳһƿҩ赹С
ôҩ𣿡˲鵣ʡ
Ϊѵڣʱ̫ˡ½ĶЦ뱣סӡ
һ仰ù˲ھ
̫ܿҽ˽Ǹ½ȫϧҡͷ
סˣӡ
Ȼ½Ǹ檣վǸŮˣ˱裬̫ҽҲ

׶Բס㡣½ϴ棬ɤԹ
߽ԺӵѪ֮ԣ΢˳ǡ

һ½ͻǰ밲Ȼû棬ɻȥʱҲˮЩ
ʱŭĹ˲ִʱ򣬱ˮСΪʱδ⣬ˮܺ¡

һãȥ԰ɢɢġ
˷ţò߹ȥȴ˽ͤС˲ְֵĽ½µ٣ɪһĻʹۡ
ʧ䣬Ѿ˵½˵ãͷһ˴£վûסճСӲһ£Ȼֻˡ

ʱʹѹ񶼲Ҫˡ
ҪǣѵƵ½¡

ۿŷڹ˲黳У޵滨½£ǸһĨЦ
ھͿˣ޶޶

ҶԲסӡ½ʹļ׵Ź˲飬۾˵ʱҲ룬ʵӣ͸ûϡ

˵ˡ˲ɤƵĴĻ½Խƽ⣬Խھ
½²սϱ裬ҲỳС䵽أû½¡
Բ½£ԲΪ½

𡣡½ָ亹԰ӣ顣
Բ𡣡˲ס֣ɤʣҶԲ㣬ҹ˶㸸׵ĳŵ

ⲻ¡½ϸһĨǿЦҽôãҺúԺ϶ܻϡ
Թ˲һЦͷڹ˲黳Уɤ˵ʱ򣬽ܸܲһӣ
ͷŹ˲飬ʹһ˿΢ڼһ̣˭Ҳ֪˲ĿڳײŶٸӵ
Ρϧ̣ʹûа⣬Ѿ㹻ù˲ŵԿıԼص˶ݡ
ãҴӦ㡣˲Ӧ

½ıۿڹ˲黳̬ڲ£ڷ絲С׻

线Ķֽкˡ
ԭһ½ù˲κǸ⣬Ϻӵѽ

½ЦݣһЦƳһֱվڲԶźӳĬĺ̫ҽ
ʾ£̫ҽ˵˽С檻Ǵ֮ûУһ˵
ʲô
ܣ

̫ҽĻеˮùըˡ
½£ϸһĨңղųԵҩ󣬺̫ҽôģ
鼱֮£½קס˲֣ҡ

˲δ½˻ҺµģǱʶԸ½¡
Ϊһֱ½ǰչֳĶ޹һ棬ӣһմ١

̫ҽЩܺ˵˲ɫĿź̫ҽ棺֪ⷬ˵ڣɶӰ죿
ҼȻ˵ˣ϶аտ˵Ļ̫ҽȻʱھڳе٣Ϳ½檣Сҽĳ
ǰܱ˲в

̫ҽʾѪü١̫ҽҲɻ
˵һҲһʱô̫ҽסӣͺ̫ҽһ˼һǻƻŮ᲻Ǻ̫ҽʹˣϺͿˣ 

ѪҩµѪѡҪǲţǾҸоһ鲻ˡ ̫ҽЦ󣬻̲ס˲飺Ź˽İҽû뵽ҲĸһϷȻʱڣ£ҲҪƭȥˡ

ûУûƭ㡭½¿޳ˣŹ˲½ͣҡͷ
ʾȻ˹˲ͬ飬ȴŭѶϷˡ
֣ȥúü飡

ĸɡ˲ʶס½£ȴϷһ⣺ҽҪʶ˲Ļ˶
澸ȥŭ
Ϸߵļ֣ǰŲͣ½ƫȥ
ҡ챻סֱӱ˽ȥ 

ûʱϷˣ½ȷʵǴ֮
˲鲻ŵ̧ͷӱױٳһƬհףʲô뷨ûˡе˫ȴ΢΢ʶ纣Ѿκõƺֿʼʹ
ҧѹӿϺͷԣһֱΪôˣݺ˺纣
ֱղŵǰһ̣ŭľǿƲˣ½ʧȥӡ

ӣ
ǡ
½ƭòҡ
ͬ顢κһôߣ纣ˣ

ۡ
ǿѹȥѪӿſ³һѪ

飬ôˣϷ˽ŵ
û¡˲ܿϷ˵ĲĨǵѪɫƣܵ˼Ĵ

澸ϳȥϷ˶ݺݵ 
ĸɡ˲żڡ
Ϸ˲һϲȥʱˣ㻹Ҫά

Ϸ˺ɸֵ£˲ҡͷŴ߳һжԼ½¡
ĽжϲĿ⣬˲۵׸һĨ¹ǻеѪȣ俪ڣ½£㸸׶սȹҵҲɱ㣡

Ϊ˳ŵס½£ô˺纵£˲ĿĴ̹ǵʹ
˰͵ׯϣ
֪½ƭԼ˲Ȼѡŵԣ½һ 

½³˹ȥק֣޵ɤڲΪ̫㣬Ż
סڣ˲һ˦½£ˤڵϣʹȫڷ

Ϊʲô
һƵĺúá

뿪·ߣпѾߣװǰ
Ϊ½֪ǱԸ񣬿϶ҲΪ纴򱧲ƽΪѣȻװˮ

£ͷβû纵ĲǡΪӻȨŭ纣ɱ֮
Ȼĳڵĺӣýû纣ҲֻýϧΣýӦһӶѡ
Ϊʼգδǰమʼմδ顣

Ҫͽ֮ĺӣʲô
½²ģŹ˲ӰоԼĺ˺Ƭʹ޶޲


˲űߣ΢ֳ°ڣĿͨ㿴ң㿴ҡ
˱΢Ϊξǵòģ

лõġ
ˣųΪΪ۸̤

½ºúް 
Թ޵̧ͷ纣ȴ϶ϱ߰Ŀ⡣
纸߸ϵſڵϣŹ˲°ڲŵ½£һЦ
գ½²ͷβûгײ෴˳ӱ΢ĽеΪѡ
ô
ƾ֪ɾ͹˲֮أ͸

纲׵ǰ˲Ǿͺúûţ͹˲鷴ĿɳúóһԼһܹıҺʹ
Ȼ½ǰӶҪԼܵĥʮٱĻ

յϷѾĻҲûʲô´
뿪ʱ򣬹˲ʶ׷˳ȥ纡
½ʶק°ڣֻ˹һ°ڶѣ˲ӰѾʧǰ

½ʹĿУ˲׷纡
纡

纸첲ȴקס纣˵
ž
˲һƣ˦˦֣ĿĶ˭׼㻽纡

纡Ҵˡ˲˫죬ֱһ̣Լжס
Ŀھε纣׵׵ĸ˺

˲ҵĴ˺㡣ҲΪ½һһε㡭ɤʣܲٸһλ᣿
ıʹûڵĹ˲飬ɤ˻ƣ纣ԭҺòã
ޱָ̧֣һƣǰȥ纣ġ
Թ˲κǸ⣬纺޶ݣ˲飬õĵǸǰźء

˲׻ԭôԼ޲Լȥ
˫죬۵׺᣺ Ȼҳȫ㡣
γذף˦ʱǿưԵס֣ǰһ͡

ۡ
ذ״ؿڣѪһ

ˣ˲顣֣ɹ˲ס֣ǣҷˡ
˲Ȼ𣬴С͸纣»֮ҹȴĿ纣ӻԼ纡ʱваֻк޵纡
ǺҲãΪʲôûаûкޣټԼʱѾ޲

ʹȻӿѪؿڵذױ.ֺݺݴ˽ȥѪУҧʣ

ˣ˲顣һٵҲԭ㡣纱˦֣ڹ˲鱯ʹɺĿУת뿪
մȾϵѪߵĺۼһһεڵϣɺĻ 


֪˶ã˲ӻ
ۣ˼ǰĺʡǡ纳ʱϲֻڵϨ
纡
𴲣׷ȥȴ˰˻ȥ˼ܶ

ô˲ƿ֡
̫أҼʱ¾ûˡ½µ˵
Ҳá˲Ե纾ԭҡ
½һԼȹڣԼΪʲôֻ纣
ǰǣҲǡ 




32.     ˫ϲ

ſ, ̴ЩƵĿϲͣڹת¡
ӣ, ΪһֱڴŸǻ
㲻µ
̴ӣ
Ӳ˵, ҵȻˡ

ʱ, ºȻſȥ̴׷ȥȴӴֵһͷʻ

ˡ
ڵŮ, ˫һ, ̿, ԼǰʱЦ۾ 
࣬ǻˣüϵ, ϦϣʹͶü۸
纻ϲģ, һ᣺, ˡʵǸմ 

ѽ, û뵽ջˡ纴ʱ°쵽ԼǰһЦŰַŽģ´Ϸ

࣬϶֪ҽʲô춯صĴ£
²߽ʱ, 纳˷ܵĶԼ֡ 
صģ̽е֪δ»Цҡͷ², 繫ͬ˵˵

²Ͷˡ纳˷ܵĴյ¸ǰ˵ְֻذףͱ˹˲Ц̫ˬˡ

Ҳˬ
׽纵ֿ˿Ц˵ֲĺܸɾ
ǿɲԺҿɲѪմϣ
Ц˫Źɲ
纣ҲЦķ۴˳硣

ſǣ̴ӣȻˡ
ԭԼڸǻôĹĵһ

߽еʱЩɻĿ£࣬Ϊ֪½ǼУ
¸£տµ»ûôʡ

ı֮ʱ¹ٰ˲ûͬӹᣬ˳˴¡
Ϣ̫ˡͶء
һ֮˳ı丸ʺ̫ӵˣ¿νơ

Ȼ£л¹ôЦʡ
ȻҪлգգۣʣҪʲôĸл
ƫͷɾ˫Ҫڸ
ðκЦ£ҺȾưɡƵĻӳ޳ͦε¹Ⱦơ
ѽҲȾƣΪչʵ̫ʹˡ
ٱɤãǲ顣

ٱǴţġ
纸պͿʼˣһֱֳ°ͣЦЦ
Σաصĵƹӳ԰Ӣ٣ףĿ
ʲôΣգɵɵЦҾŻΣա ĿԵĶ˵̫ÿˣһڡ

ǳǳһЦķɫǹжָ纵ĴָָĹաĦĴꡣᣬִ˳ٵĹƻ
Լòģ𡭡ôܲĶأõɫڣ͵͵ʣɤ˻ƣһ𣿡

Ȼôˣ纺һ¡  
ŵĿ纡Ȼˣ

µ纣Ц׵ˡ촽ôһɹζҼǵһİ
ҪҪһףȷζԼɬƵߣĿƣ֯ҰԺ
𣿡ƫͷʵ
ԡͷ 
쵺۳ĵľˣ˵ʱ̻¶ĺỮԸеĻ
Ҿһס纴չȥҪϵʱȻͷ˻ȥȵȡһĿ£㣬㻹û񡣡

ҪʲôأȦ纣ȵĺϣҪʲôҶ㡣
½Ȧĸ线Ư۾ѿڶǡ
ǣ
һ㶣ʱѾĵһֱҪǡܵԺָ˵ҾҪǡ

죬칫ҹûһǡ
ûǣвУ 
С纾䣬۾˵ҾҪǡ 
һ½»к󣬹˲齫赽ȥ̾һ䣬ǡ
ǹ˲Ϊ׼Ŀơ 
ʱδ纣ڴǰǻ𻹲õĿƣίʵѹ
ô棬ûһ

Ҳ𣿡线޵ĺģ˵Ҫʲô㶼ҵġ
˲˵ḺǸ
ĵԶʹʹڲˣɱ͸Ļǻۣѹ

ûյǵ纶ԶԶϥǿޣ˵Ļ
߹ȥͷ
̨ϣͷϥϸ飬ֻ˵С

ͷḧصȡ
ί͸ˣίͰ͵̧ͷȦŰԼǰ¡ 
ǣҾҪǡ
ãҸǡЦ

һյƵݵǰһĹâУƼƯķᣬǹ⻹財
Хʱǻӿҹա˿Խʱգֲĵ׵ί˺ۡҲһԼˡ 

ڶգЩ纣ͱ˹˲ˣ˵ڸзſƣ
һ죬Ȼеƺɶˣȴܺãȫǵá

漴ʣѲù˲
䰡żͣĿһ˵ġ 䣬ÿ´߽
纶ʱģΪ˱ǰ˵˵Ȿ鱳꣬ߡ

㲻ɱҡȵȣԡ
ôһ黰Ӹүܡֻû꣬ͱ˻ȥ

ôīûɣƵĿϵīۣŤͷ£࣬ͳʲôءһѱס

죬ϣոż٣ȥ档
æ׼ͻĻ£ûպ档ܣȴָŹǿȥ

ҵѧż٣Ϊβҵͬ⣿µʡ
һ죺ܣǳ˵㡣
ְƣеˣҲæԼȥɡ 

¹ٽղæ
æҲȥˣϢ纼ٵ
¹ңҹƣͷۣ

ƣҲͷۡ˵꣬ס졣
һ뵽Լô˹ȥµģĲС

±벽ƣǿСĻҵģȻע⣬תƽְ̧ǽǣʲô
ƱԸеĴ΢΢𣺡Ǽǵ£ȵķȫȼĻӡ

ûУҺȫǲáϡ
Ůңôܳ߳ܵأ
ô
ѯʣ۾һֱ纱ˮĴĪ֦ͷӣңǺн֯ĺƷӣҵζ

ͷײС
ĹúÿͿӿ죬ĳֳϡ

࡭.̳ 
кηԸԼ⣬󵨵Ŀ
һֳԵΣգͬÿһεᴥһͷҰԺջǡ

ĵѵĳ嶯¸ңԲСĹǣҪӦʱſںȻ㣬ղ顭

顣
ڴľһһӦǳȥûΣգȴƽĺһǱˤڵϣ㣬ͨվ

ǡûϵʣղڸʲô
Ŷûʲô˵ҪĹΣҸһ١
ЦЦĿ£յĵһۣ˵۰ãôļĿҵء
ǣղұҲǳ㰡ĵ˵
纣
ͺܾȣȻ

ˣ࣬ղųҵǱ飬ǳдġԴӵվڶ½˵дǱүɶͺɻ󣺡ͳʲô𣿡

Ц¹Ҳ֪͹֮кܣ飬˹ȥڱǺЦ˵ûʲôûʲôǼ¼±ЩӣΪƶĶƻ
У纰У̹Ȼ࣬Ȼղ档ͿʼյĿҵɡ 
ɫȿϻ֪࣬Ͳֿܻˡ

˽ڰƿ˿
а˳ƤȾּǡͬүǡ
ӣúõأʲôҪ¼߳ܵ£  

**

³һգǶŵƽʡ
˹֮¡֣ɢϲǮаΪָòͷȫΧȥ

˲ҪӸгǰʱ
½´׷ؿڵ˻δȬҸҩ
ˡ˲ɫĵ
ûб˼ֻǵ㡭½ӯӯŹ˲飬ί

ΪʲôҪԴ
е£һʼҲǽΪ裬ϧġ
ʱûͣҲΪ̫ϲˣԲŻ˳࣬򽫾ô࿴һۣ

½ĵŹ˲뿪ӰԸˣԺԺʱŵĵɴ۾
׷ȥɤʵʣҹȥֲ֣ƭ𣿡֪ƭ˲ԣֻ鲻Խİ˽ѡ
˲˴ӱס½´ſǻ𣺡սΪ𣿡

Ǽǵҵľ֮ҲŻ㵽ڡ˲ĶΪôģ
½Ŀ£һƿ֡½ôձƿ
üĿȻɤĺ⣺㰲ؼٻٲġ
ҪĲٻ󣬴ͷβǽİ

ĺʱ֣һηǺ󣬸Űӭ
ϣ纸ˣȼھơ
ɸƱоҪҪĻ棬Ͻ¾Ʊ
ܺȣܺȡ
֣һƺְףǾͲˡ

Ļ纴Ź׼뿪
ȴſ£ʶת㣬ЦӯӯѾ𣺡ߡ

ҵȻ֪ߡת߹ȥղžȥֶԣֶ
һֵǧ𣬹ǱˡЦ˵Ȼֱһۡ

ɵСȴһ㶼ף۾ʪʪģɫΣնźΡ
ֺȾˣ߽
һѡȻ˵òˣɽջϲˣûס

㲻֪һҪǲȢ£Ҫһӹһ֪֡ܶ񡯿£Ȼ뵽ϱӣµûȢϱء
Ȼеͬô£ 

ʲô񣿡¾
ûʲô纴˵Ǿôôÿ

ºȻЦˡ
纵ͷ߰ɣ¹ٻ͹ظ
һӾͿ۾ĿǾˡ 
Ȼһϣ纻ͷֻ˲¾վĬǡ

һۣջĿ⣺߰ɣࡣ
䴽תͬһ뿪ʱ򣬹˲Ȼ׷ȵȡ

纵
˲ȴ׷˸ǰֻһ仰˵
䶼ߡ
˲鿴纱ݺɪһ£ȥ˷ˡ

ƨ.һĮƹȥ 
˲߬ȭͷָסĿ纺Ӱ˶վһ仰û˵ڡ

º󣬱߹ء
޾Ļɳһߣմһɱһ˵Ĺ˲飬ڲõϵѪ
ӳԽӲ˵ɱ⡣

˭ҲСλУξ
ΪɱħɴȴֺܾλУξΪ٣ġ

һλȥͷҪ˰ɣΧڻԵһһθ˰ɣ
˲Ķһ٣µıʣͷôҪѫΪʲô
ʲôӹٽȥ¡Ц

˲鵭ΪһĺУӳŹ˲ڵۡ
߹ؽ˷ˣ蹷һѫֻ³ΪǸսպյ꽫ֻ֤ԼľģֻгһգԼٴ

һ㶣û뵽ĹͷȻΪ˹ѫ
ǵöƯĹﰡ˾ĥզĮ½Ưɡ
½£˲üͷһ 

˵½ͷŮ˰
δ䣬ĵлƳգֱȡʺ亹Ӷǵ˱ƽǰĺϡ
ڹ˲ҵУսսʣͷǲ˵ˣ½
Ĵʹڹ˲ӥĿ£λʿѧ˱죬ٶ˵һ䡣






33.     

, ˷ݹȻǵǰ֡
ѩУȥ·ԲʱܿѺͶ

̫۵ѹųɱ, ˷ݴʷȻ鲻
ǳ˷ߴѩ°, ˷ݳǵİ, ǰӲ飬µ괺죬˷ݴʷϱѩ׷꣬͢νӡ

线;˷ݳǷȥ, ü, Ҽǵøи, ȴɹȥһֵ㡣̫ͬȸȥ˷ݳǣǱߵ

֮Դ̫Ӻ˴, ֮⣬мܴҪ
һ, ˷ݳǵѩ, ˷ݴʷפسĽ˽̾, ȨƣΪʿ־õĶξϹء

̵һ죬Ϲͬǰʿɱ˷ݴʷͽµʿѱ䣬Ϊ
ʱӵǻ, ʵб.ġټ˷ݳѩأһֱûȵ͢ľԮ
ϹΪϢ, ǵʱ˷ݳǵ̬Ѿܳ͢ơ

ʱɹ˲ɱȥϹ֪ģȻ½շ˳͢Ϲս˷ݳǣû͢ԮʸϹΪȫ˷ݰգԸֻʵ۵˷ݳǺܲаգ

һĹ켣ʱϹֻԱѺʱᱻɱ

ϹԼᶨΪ֮ˡ̫ܰ˾ԺϹصĸ̫ӣҲ츣ա
뵽˫һһڴ˴ֵͰɣԼ̫˷ݳǡ

ʱ纺̫ڴϵ˷ݳ⡣
УسǵĹٱͣеƤޣǵ
ʷһɲǡΪ׵ĹٱǿдȥֱӰεȥ
ס֣
һǳ⣬̫ӽżһ㣬ֱӰνȥ ײ̫Ӹٱĵ
ǹٱ󺰣ˣ˳͢Ա죬ϡ

ٱ״ȫε̫ӡ
̫ƫͷܿ󱳵Ĵ󵶣ǿưԵĵ顯͵ϮĹٱ˷ɳȥײ˳ǽϡΧ̫ӵĹٱȫлȫס 

ǰ߷ɵǸٱĴӵѪĵҽ˷ݴʷǸң
ҵǺ򡣡̫ӾӸµǱſڵϵĹٱ۵׸һĨ⡣

ݽǴЩһǡڼǿ׳ɨ
̫Ӻ͹ٱֵʱƳЩвذסǻǵϹѱĽʿܷβܡ

纣𱻹ٱڵصĸ棬ɪæο£ǲ˺ġ
䣬Ťͷˣųܿ͢ͻ˹֣ǿɺã 
Ŀһ׳ϣ׳ͬе˽˼ɫվȸ˵
ЩȶָҹȻŹʷ߹ͨˡͳ͢йأУξ˵Ҳܵþȡ 

纺̫ӸմЩǣûãٵϾͳŮӵӰ
½㣬а취Ҹ𣿡ϱѿ񵶵ޥ̻̲ĿԵ½¡
ͼ˷ݳǲԶĴĮǣ˵ֳΪײϷ屻ץҪɱĲʱ;ʩҩ½£˵ֳܾޥŸ˷ݳǡ 

İɣѾŸеľѣ¿϶зӽ½ĵֱϹ϶Լ档
㣬½㡣ޥ˵еĵǼ˲١
½ǹ˽ŮˣǸӢսĹ˽ޥȶࡣ

Ժȥջǰĵط
˽ǵʱʿʺ½»Щ֡˵˷ݳǲǵôΪλõ㣿

ȻΪ̫ӺڳſڣѹЩٱǷǡ
õʱĿľǰЩⱻ֮˹ƻ󣬷¶ˡ

ͬʱ̫һ߷˷ݴʷ
˷ݴʷִУˣˣЩ¡ 
˷ݴʷĹٱӵϵʱ򣬺̫Ӵȡһö塣
̫ӵ£
˾һһ̫е壬ȫľĹ̫ǰ

̫ӣô̫ӣΪǶ⣬ûƼ̫˷ݴʷŭ󺰣ǰЩ£㣬飡
˷ݴʷֱ̫һ߷ɣݺϣֱѪ˹ȥ
пһϹˣ̫Ӱ纵˴ʷ󣬵һʱϹ˳ѯࡣ

ջ⣬½ĿĵĶڿջڰ纡
ô

½㣬ִ硣
ޥѣĻŭŵĳȥɴʱƫͷ½һţʶקޥ

Ƽ½ĶӵӰüһ
½£ǴƼӰӡ

½㣬ǲҴΪβҽȥޥЩżҴѣǺϵĻ˵ܸľҴ硣

𳳡½ĺǳ⣬ޥԾУӦԼ̫˵½£飬ָֻƽģ

ǸŮˣǡ֣ʵôҲ˵ڣڻ˽еóȻϡ
ǡޥ˵ʲôȴ½±ϣûʲôǣңޥھܾȳ硣
˶٣ʲôȻץޥ֣ʵʱŸˣͬһ˷ݳǵ£𣿡

˰
ޥտڣͼ½ɫʱñȸղŻ½֮ޥţͨޥļù˲֪Լ߹ؾ˵¡

˲壬ܴʱ֪ľ˵ľٶᵣİȫ 
οϼҵ˿϶ΪԼԭѰ˲æһ˲鶼Ϊ˷ݳǡ 
˷ݳǣ½²Ըù˲纣 

Įڣϼ˹½Ƶǰ㣬ҵ˽
˽ȾҶӡĸڹ˲ǰڱ߹أ˶֪½ǹ˽Ůˡ
½˽ȡ

˲ĸѾŻس͢ųܿ͢ͻ¡ǴĮǵĽܲ˷ݳǵ¡

ޥϢ˵ҶҪնˡĸ˵ȳ͢£Ҷûˡ
ĸҪ˲¹򣺡˽Ҳ˷ݳǣѵͲİȫ
½ÿÿҽ֮ʱԳǹ˲ķˣԴΪ½º͹˲Ƿޡ 

½²ҷˡ˲ɤᣬ½µΪɫüѿ
Ȼϲ½£ԼվǷ½
Ƿ½²ܣ֪Լݣʲô£
˲üͷһҹ˷ݳǡ 

ڶ糿ϵ˷ݳǵĹ˲̫Ӻ͹ڴʱĿںݺһ
纡
ŵָף˲Ϫһѹĵ׵ļ¶˳ǡ 




34.     


½, ǹ˽
ǿڲԶʳޥһ˷ܵĿǵĹ˲飬Ľ˽˵ǰ㰮, Ϊ˷ݳǡ

½¶ʱĻŭ, ޥĽĽĻ, ̶ġ
֪ﻹǻԼġ
ۿ˲ӴϷɱ½¸Ͻ׷˳ȥϧܳʳ, ˲Ӱʧǰ

, ȥʷ
½°׷ȥʱ, ŵޥ˵˲϶ΪȳϹ
׷һϵʱ򣬺˲ͣڲԶ, ͷԼķ 
϶ԼˣԲŻվԭصԼ 
Ļϲ½ͷ·, ɫߵĳ˲ܹȥ

 
½ϵǵӰ, һ, رܲȾ߸ϵĽÿΰʱС⡣

½Ļϲȹڳ˲ܹȥʱȴ˲Ȼû뵽ǣˡ
º½ˡжûص˵ˣ

½ȸԾ˫۶ˮΪЩ, ҹ·һɣ
ܹȥȴֹ˲ĿⲢδԼϡǡĿһԵϡ
վһҩſ, űſڵƵס½²δƼ½ɫúѿǻѵǺ˵ô

βҩĵ纣ޱͬԼ˵Ĺ˲飬ֱת뿪
纡
˲ʶ׷ȥǰȻܳһĨӰǹ˲鼰ʱսס˻ᱻ߷ɡ

˲Ӹµų嵽Լǰ½£üͷһãҪѰ㡣
ǵҵİΣô½¶ʱ
ǰ˵˲ǰȴԷһ

ˣ½´ȥջϵĹ˲Ż뿿Լ½£
˲ס½׻ΪҪ˶ң ΪԼ˷ݳǵôΪμһ棬˱ĶԴԼ

סڡ˲ǳ⣺½£㲢ҵӡ
֮⣬½²
ҡ½»˵ʲô˲ѾʾŰ½°ȥջ 
ޥԭأô£½㲻˵˽ô

Ϲ˲ͷޥȷݺҲһ˴ȥջ

ȵȣҸ绹Ҳ뿪ޥ  Ϲġ˲ߵ˵̫Ӻ͹ڴˣԩ飬ࡣ
һֱ½¹ޥ֪ڼջִˣȻǵ񳤹  

˲˼ĿޥǴޥһȥʷ纻Լ
䲻֪纺̫ǲȼ֮ǧĸ˷ݳǡ֪Ϲ޹纱ȲԹۣ

һҹ̫Ѿ˷ݳǵ֪һ
һ˷ݴʷһǽ˾Ȼ£飬˽̾ãһɱͷ֮
ϹȥӪ
̫ӴŭĳȥʱھӪеĽ˷ݴʷѾ̫µϢȫڷ˷ݴʷ¶˽̾õ飬ɡ 

Ǻð󺣾ֵĿԼĻţ̫ǰҸΰ찡 
Ψһİ취̫Ӫץ֮ʱֱɱν֮
ʮ߰ͣ˵ɱ̫ıĴ۵׾ȻǳǳЦ⡣
ǰѹŵľǵ̫Ӱ
̫ӣν֮䴽Цѩ׵Ƥ޳ϣԵɫ԰ס
ִ֣߻ʵԶбȨɱֺ̫η

ڹ󺣵ľĿ£ֵοͲ̫Ӵ˴ǰ˷ݣǳʾ⣬˽Ϊֱð̫ӵɱΣ 

ɡǡɱ̫ӣϿ϶Ĳҡ
󺣵Ļû˵ֱ꣬ӱν֮׽½˹ȥ˽̾ñһ˵лĻᡣ 
ڹ󺣾ֵУν֮Цɱ̫ӣıΪɱ̫ӣ·һ
ͫ΢·ν֮Ļŵˣַ·Ļ̰. 


˷ݳڣ˲ϵʷͿ纺̫һͬ

㣬Ӫ²ȫ㻹ڳбȽϺá̫ӳϿҵ
ڵľ棬Ҫ׽ձȨĹ󺣣²ס
û˻ԴУűץͷ¹һ˳㡣Ϊ̫ӣֱȥ׽˽̾õĹ󺣡 

һȥ
кȻһϤ纺̫ƫͷ˲ǣ߹

̫ӡ˲ڵϣĮޱȣ˫һ¹١
˽áǰȥӪڳС̫ӵ

ɨ˲飬ڹ˲ԴڴĺУȻͷҲաڳУиҲýӦ
ȻϹ˲Ϊ˴սϵ츳ȴü١οǳӣ̫³ӦΡ
线ɲΪ˽˶Թ̫ӵİΣЦ 

ͷ˲һϲ⡣
ڿۿˡ

˲̫ȥפڳľӪʱ½ȴȻ֣ڶ࣬ȥΣա
½£ôڴ˴˲ü۱䣬ǰδеŭ线½һô죿

˷ŭ½˲ˡ¹˲ҩοԼˣ׷ 
Ҿǵ㡭½¼ٵˮӯӯȫǽ
һǲ֪Щʲô
Դڶܺ󣬱һֱûټȥ½µˣҲһ

˼Ķ½£˲ʶͣ½˽˷ݳǣұ׽ȥġ
ɨŵüۣ꣺ǵ£ġ

˲򱡴Ŀڴһ˿ʹ
½¿Լ۵ˣԼˣȴ˽纵ĸܣʵĿ췢衣

Ѹٵͷסްɫ˳Ź˲ĻڣҺޥ֮˷ݣҲϴ硣
ƫͷվһԣΪ˵̫Ӻ͹ĵڶûޥԲԣޥ
ԡعޥŷӦԼ粻ųվ̫ߡ

ȻˣǾȸҴڴʷ线ڣְ̫ӽеһԣ˼仰Ź˲ϹǰӪ
ģұض̫ӵİȫ˲ԣüޱȣȴһ½
Ľת뿪ǰҲڵͷһֻۣ顣
Ϊ֮
ò׵һ仰ȴǾ棡




35.     ˫

纰½ºޥȥ˼ջ, ߽ſڣһ񼲲
½µһʱ˹ȥԼҽˡ

, Ĵɣмѯ, ½ϸһĨ᣺, ҽ½£ǡ
˵ԼǴӴĮβĴ˭֪հ˵ͱ˻֪, ǳĴԲԣ
ָΧæŰҩҩ˵Ƕǳչǵġ 

½ɫһ, , ҡ
˵Լվߵޥȴ˵ԣǾǸųֵġ
½ɫøղŸѿ, ޥ˵ƣı, εѩһܿͻȥޥ˵, Ťͷ½£½, Բԣ

Ҳ֪εѩʲôʱȥ½ɫ˵
˵עӣ˶ţ½ŷӦԼղ˵ʲô
ɫͨ½£Ŀ£Ĳ鲻Ը˵ѩʲôʱȥڳıӻ, Ƕƽɹ

仰ɫתͷøȥˡ
½, ԭһݳ
ޥϲĻ½ĵһ¡ϲ纣е㼵纣ղΥĿҲǲѶΪ֮ 

ǰûʱ;βǶǵĶ顣
һҶֻǵ˾ֵĳȻˣЩҲֻǵ纵Ķ󣬾ޥŮˣҲαһƭˡ

Ϊǳݸ߹ʲô£Щնмİ
纶ߵĹŮʹ˸ɫ粽ĸ½ߣֳʲô۶
½¿ɲ۶ӣΪ纵ˣй˲Ҳ粽ĸ
ҩ纵ֹ½ҽãֻҪǿӾСҩС£˾ˡ

еҩߣݸרŰҩĸˡ
ޥȣ½㣬ԭֻﰡ
˲𴩣½ϹҲסǿнֻͣһŮˡ
һתƳվԼߵĹ澣˵ԼҲ˵½²ҵŹ澵˵ɱͷ֮
û½£ֻ˸岻Ľڣ¥Ϣ˲鰲ŵҲಽĸȥſڡ

ϣصʷ纣ۼɫһ㰵̫ӻûܾе㲻̤ʵһȥʱ
һűƴʷķײ˴š
ҵȷ֮ǰնɱð乫ȳʷˡ

ݡ
ƳգǵصʷȺ˵Ŀģǵɱ纣ֺ壬ǴϢĻᡣ

һߡſ񵶵ޥһ߿ˣˡ
˲»ס½£İĶŵı׷ɱ纣Щ˸ĿŵĽɱǲֻҪˣ¿ֻһأ

ɱ纵ֲ̫࣬סۿΪ׵Ѿٵƽ纡½˷ܵĵɴ˫ۣһҲûѹ
԰Ѽ檵ݣΪ߸ϵĽˣĶӽܳϮ֮λ½¾˷ܵ

ɱɱ
ЩѾΪʲôɱ纣

ĵ棬ɱն纡
Сġ
ޥ齹ĳ˹ȥͬʱеĿӳȥֱӿдɱ纵ˡ

ޥ 
ӹһٵ½£Ŀŭˡ 

ɱð乫Уξ
Ϊ׵Ѿ纱ȣ󺰡ȨɱͷԵʿȫٵ纡

ӡ
ޥƿ纣ȥȡʱ첲ȴ㡣
顱
˶صϣޥŵĻͷ纣
ȫû뵽纾Ȼס

ʱһ˿˹
Сġ
ƿ㶵ޥڵϵĴ󵶣͵ؿ˶Է֡
ȵѪޥϣŴ󵶣ʿһԼǰ纣ˡ

û뵽Ȼɱˣ
Ϊ˾ɱˣޥжĶ޳ˡж䣬Ŀ񵶱˹ȥ
һ߻ӵɱУһͷҲص˵Ÿʲô𣿡

ޥϧ
̧һĨϵѪϵĿ񵶾ͳȥһӵɱС
˻ŵ½¿纺ޥɱУ޼ӰŭŤ
˭뵽겻纾Ȼѧ书ô

ɱ˼ð֮ˣƽΧɱ纵Ѿ״ָ󺰡
µʿһȫɱۡڽǮǰ˶纵ͷ
ۿ纺ޥŮӣʲ֧˶ЩʱЩΧɱ纵ʿʿǣȫЦĻӵ线ȥ

ޥΪڻ纣첲һһĻ½УɫȻҪ纣ǾͺһȥޥڽҪͷ纣һߡ
壬о̫࣬纺ޥۿҪҵʱһֻȻƿն͸Ϊ׿˵ؿڡѪ˺Ȼڵϡ

ݡ
ƿնЩӵ纵ĵоȫм
ʷſڣŹվ۶Χɱ纵ˣһӺ׵ľѪ֮Уһ㣬ոŵо

ˡ
ųԼ£︡һĨЦ⡣

һԵ½ȴ޵ҧأΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôڽҪͷ֣纣
гһѪζ½ԹĶ纣ʵڲģôõĻᣬ纾ȻûѾɱ

纡
³߽ʱ򣬹˲ɫƿȥ
û°ɣ
˲ֱס纣ȴԷɫһ

˫յĹ˲齩ֱڵȴԼ֮纣޶õԽԼ±˹ȥ˫һĿЩۡ

̫࣬ǱˣЦ£ϴŽٺϲ
̫Ѿ׽˹󺣡
µĻĵһɡһ룬ٿȻɫ԰׵ĳϵȥ

纡

˲ͬʱȥ纣˲ȴһֻµĻС

ŨصѪУµĴһƬʪ妵ѪͫĿںҲһʹ˺ѷΡ 
д
ºᱧ壬ȴ˲ס

ÿ
۵׹Юɱ⡣
˲½Ǵܾȹ ½ȻڻеƭϹսˡҲδҽˡ
αװļõ½Ǹˡ
οôѪһ̣Σһ֡

˲ǼٴһЦɲĹ½ҽΡ

±纣½ҲҿԾȹ
Ļû˵꣬ͱһ߷ɡ顱½ºݺڵϣʹȫڷ

纲º͹˲ָϵˣԼҽȥ纣ϴˢԼڹ˲ĵ׵Ļ󡣿˭֪¸ᣬ߷

һɱ˵ķŭ½Ŀڡ
û嶯ſڵϣɫίŹ˲飺ĺȹġ
ҵĻںΪ˲ûɫתʷ뿴纵Σ

½¿Ź˲ĮӰһ˲ļԹ޸ӿͷ
߬ȭͷЩǱĴӵӳǱģԶĸ¥֮ϣĿްĶ½׷Ź˲ܳȥӰǸһĨǳЦ

ӣҪ˽ӽ½𣿡 ʡ
ν֮ҡҡͷڻʱ򡣡߻мˣҪҸʵĻС
ӸµŻѳǵʿЩϧЦ󺣷ˣҪѰһˡ
ת뿪ʱԵĻԸȻ½ôϲ˲飬Ǿ͸Ѱһ¿˲Ļᡣ
㹻ץסĻ 
 

򿴼纻ʧѪıҽݣŵĸϽ
ôˣ
º͹˲齹ѯУĴŵһʧѪŻԵġ
Լ˳ʱΣջ棬ͷݺһ

纻ѹʱѾǵڶˡ
ۣͼһ˫ѥǰϣƼһ糺°ڡ
ſ˯ģ纵һӦ˯˲ڶӦ뷭Լɵ㡣

һʹһʹһһ˫ĽӴϷ

ʣۣһɢ 
ɱ𡣡æ˵ɢ͵û˯Ըۡ
ϱӲಡ齵ʱѾˣⱲҲ벡ڲϣԸ˯ڴϡ
ʣˣߵĻץܸо˺йϵӡ
˵꣬һЦԼοִ㣬ֱĪ

࣬Ϊϸ׿Ůһű±ʡ
Ϊ¹ҲϲŵĹЦе˵
СΪʧѪԭɫ԰ֽ˫۾ȴֺźܾ
Բѵģ̫ߴߴͣˡ

ϸף¹ٿɲҵ˵
纣
һСľԼҸʿЦ纡ˡ

գգ۾ְѸղŵļ࣬󺣵Ļץ𣿡
ץ˵ʱ򣬶ԷѾɱ³Ҫҵˡ

̾˿ԭ˷ֻ֡Ϲ
ǵǴ˷ݴʷе֪иν֮Ļʱ纾˸۶

ΣϱûȻðν֮оЩԾԺӦϣ˸ƣȴûץĲӣ

ǵģ˺ˣ¹ټ㹦򡣡´ӹнӹϴþߣһ߷һ˵ֻҪͲ±˴ɱ

һµġ纰ˮ³ϧ˵˭ϲϱɱ
ӣšë 
纱ۣİõµϴ񣬺˵һղץҾһղ

ϱӿǸĳϵˡһô׽
ˣЩһ˵ٺãⱲ纶뷨Ӹԭء

һβУΣβУΡ
ˣҲúܡñ˶ʤ˵

¹иɻ󡭡ºȻ˵
ʡ
Ϊɱ
µ⣬ɫ˲ĲȻѹЩԸļۣѯʵģ򴽣˵뵱ʵۣ־ƻʵ۵Ұİɣ

˵࣬У׷ʵ纣⣺󺣸ձץ㲻ȥ̫󰸣ڲǺܺɣ
̫Ӣ䣬ϵ£û¹Ҳһ󰸡¿ͼ䴽ֵǹİΣ¹ٿ»Ҫ

⧲ֱһ¡
΢΢̧ۣЦһҹɢҲЩˣĸŻȴ˸о׽ˡ

Ц࣬Ǿ¸ҪЩ
˫ϴЦ⣺ӦңԺ̫ͬһػº𣿡
ɵѾͷ
Ϊǻʼҹ԰ػԼô
䴽е֬ˮۣáϵЦ⣬ԸΪĹػ²

㣬㣬˵󱳱һĴʱһ۾Ƽ֬ˮۣڸ纻ױĻ档

һ£ּ壺ʱ˻ױӦȺҩ
纣ĺҩ
Сͻľ£ˣҲҪȴƯٺҩ

ȥ֬ˮۣӣ
.һۣľʱɫķ䳯ȥ
⻤ڿбü
ĪɵܳͬʱЩսսкηԸ
ʣ·ôٻŵĶ磬ͺѻ 
˵úί㲻֪˵Σգı»죬׷ϰ
Ĳʱϲڴ㣬ֻһʱ͸ϻɣ 

͵һʲôᣬ֪ϲʲô

ת¥ʱ˲½¥
üһڹ˲ǰ岻ʣ㡣

˲ɫ䣺ҵ֪ʱܴ湫˵ˣ
ЦĪ˲ҸմӹгȻ֪顣
Ŀӵɨվڹ˲½£һЦȥĶô㣬ûţҴ

˲鱡΢򣺡ҽܺãҽΣĲõĸ졣 
վ¥ϵµͷЦݳŹ˲飺õĸ죿ҿǸĲŶԡЦȻ壺ˣ½ϳȥ

˲ڿջĻҪǰק½£һ½ǰ
˵Ǵ½βġ
㵱˷ݳûдҪϲ̨β񼥷֪½¼檵ݣǿûʸ񡣡

ҽҩڹ˲½ԣ۵׸һĨĺ⡣ǻּ̤ôܵ檣ԭǸõ˵ģ

£ǹĹơ˲ŲãĵҲһɻ
˷ݳǵĴĶȵ½µҽùİΣЦŭĹ˲˳ƳĽ¡


ײ°νһ˲ھӪΪ̫ұ۰һ±䣬³ˡ
ۼеĽҪն˲ʱ½˹ȥڹ˲ǰҼһۣʺѪʱȾ䡣
¡
½ˣ˲ż֣ôβ 




36.     ˫

һ, еĽһתֱƹ˲ʺ
Ҳж½£ֻҪ, ½¿Ź˲顣 

, ֻǵĹ½ŻѪļ, ۵ɫҰףһúҽΣ»¾ˡ಻ңҲӦν 
½ƫͷ, ί۵Ź˲飺һΪ˹, ôẦأ
Ц, ɭضŹ˲꣺˺ɲһˡ
˲ɫһ䣬Ǳ˴ʹһʱһ͵Ļ˵ڡ

ʲôأ
ΪЩ˺ʵʵڵ, ڣ, ȴȵʸû

˲̧ͷ, ˫۳Ķ, Ŀײ۵׵Ļں޺ʹ⣬Ļȣ̬
սʣƫͷ¥ݿڵľ˵ûҵķԸκ˶ȥ
¥µĹ˲, ĿֱֱĶ¥ϣԵֽճȭ


ֱס˲ޱ˦½µ, ̫ǣ½Ҽ˿ڣҽһ
˲ƫͷȥ½ʹֹҼ磬԰һš
Ϲ˲Ȧһ죬޹ί˵ԲΪҵԭ涼
ҽҩóһɫСƿݸ˲飺о裬Ժܶص˶оۣ˻ᱣѡ

˲ûȥӣ½һֵôصˣһۡ
û˵꣬еҩƿ˲ߡ
½򴽣һĨǿЦƿܰｫǣҲûôѹˡ
½±ҽҩת뿪˲ͳȵȡ
һ߸һĨóѵЦתͷŹ˲ʱִ޹顣

Ҽ磬Ҫҩ˲ĿĶѾѪȾֱۣЩ
Ϊ˵ġ

£ϵҩͺˡ½֪Լ볹˲鳹׸Ĺ۶ԼĸңżҪһʾҪǰǰ㣬ԼĶ飬ھβС


½¸˲ƿ裬ջû纡
ڼ䣬ʱƼ˲ڸǻӰ

ЦһǰҪĹʱŰ⡣ڲҪʱصģ˶ġ

񡭡
纴߳Щɶٺˣ

ͷİɣˣ̫Ӹ֣˷ݵİȫõưáȥ

ɹ̫纱֣ܿߡѩò׷磬ɲ
Ȼǰ̫ʲôɹģǻȥűȽϺá
㵲ҵ߸ʲôƫͷ⿴ȥֵû߰Ҿ̫ɹڡ
𣿡ĿĶķëȻ˵аɣаɣ㿴ɿɡ
Աÿһ۾Ƽ˹˲Ӱ
Զ¥˲ɫһϲεĿУ޶õջĿ⣬ŤͷߵİɷԸһ䡣

˲ͼɴӸ¥ԼнţΪȥʱȴ˵
˽ԸԶЩ
ڹ˲鲻ŵı£ֲ䣺㵲ס͵ķ羰ˡ
һʹôԸԼ˲ҧأֱгѪŻ
ɣƿǿֹʹ裬ͷת
ɨݹ裬ⶫʵϡǰմɢķӣ˿Ѿˡ

뿪󣬹˲̧ͷ¥
û纵Ӱվԭأ֪˶ã˲ڻ鸴ӵĳߡ

߳ͼŸ˴߽
ĿϣһһЦЦ˶۶ŶԷ˭Ҳ˵

Խ˲鳯ȥʱ򣬹˲ȻڣҲġ
ĵϣ½Ųһ٣ƫͷɨ˲飺ⱲӣЦĲԹ˲ûᡣ

˲΢΢һĿڱȸղŸЩŹֻѹֵĵͳһȡԭºͻת⡣ 
ȻɭȻĶŹ˲ŵһЦ˲飬ЩʧȥˣԶʧȥվԭص㡣

ɱġ
µĻù˲ĿһʹɫǱĿ첽߳ȥۣĵɣⱲӶԭȴʼеᶨ˵

Ҫץס
ĳ׵ףԶԶʧȥʧȥ֪˶ʹĳ鴤ŻգҪǺȫյ̻ҷ

纣ĺ纡
˲ͷȥ¥ϣ޶õ纣ЦĴнӹˡ
վһʱǶԺͰ䡣Ļ棬ǵصĳײɺ۾ż⣬¶˵ЦֲãˣܰĻѹ

˫۳Ĺ˲Ȼ񷢷һܲתȥڻǰסʱֻһ뷨Щס纵ˣлҪ˵

Ĺ˲ûмܲסֱײĳȥϸ¥ʱʶ纻
⻭ʹ˫ۣ˲ֱ蹷һ˹ȥ纴»

ɫĳָ˲纵֣˲˫۳ĺһֱҪˣ壬бĹ¡ۼֳҵĲܿʱ纺Ȼȣ˲飬ʲô

纵ù˲鶯һ٣³ûһĿ  ۡ
˲ܴһ˿Ѫؿڴľʹù˲˲
̧ͷĿɺ纣˺㣬ҲԡŲĵ纣ɤҴˣͲܵȵң

Ϲ˲ʹһ
׶Ź˲飬ڰ׷۾ûЦ⣬ûƽһĮù˲Ī¡

线Ź˲ûڵ飬֪ô뵽һ
½µڶλеʱֻڻ԰½µķʱǰѰҷ½˽ŵڵء
û˲ͳ˳½»ڻУʲô
סʲôûɣԼˤġ
Ҫͣ˲鲻ͷĴô£ЦѾ´ΪƽƽޣΪԼ۸

纲ţŹ˲ĮɤʣޣȢҵʱŵĻ𣿡
ΪΣȴ߹Լڹ˲ĵλ

˲ü飺»Ľˣҵԭ䣬ǱúദΪݲͬúദǴĻǵ˺纣Ĳףʱ˽թգ
Ļġ
ٽֱͣͦǻصʻʱǸ߸ϵĳЦ̵ĻȣʵұʲôӲҪҪҼ

㻹ΪԼȻλʱǸܾ谮ĳ ˲鶢Ц
½µӰʧڻ԰ͷΣһƬҶϡֱ죬ͷƳеᣬЦЦ

񳡾ã˲ɫվǰӲѹеᡣôĿִŵ纣֪ˣŬı䣬Ͳܿң

䴽Цܡ
侶ֱתݣܱ˲鹴Щҵļ䣬ᷳˡ
˲ϸӰɺ۵ѹŵµʹգȴ׷ȥûС
ĲԸ⣬ٵȵˣ

˲ʧǵĻصס½ӭôˣ𡭡
˲ǵѪǵĲУˣ

ȥ˲飬ȴԷƿ
½˫գ˲һԲԽݡתͷʱš顯عϡ

½ĶǰյĴţֲ︡пԹ
ˡ
Ϊ纵ԭ£蹷һԼվߣΪʲôӰˣ

ΪԼڻһƭ纱ԼãΪǸ߸ϵĳԼּΪ檣ԽŲϲԼˡŭʹ½毺õ٣
ڴʱźȻ汻򿪡½±һϲָֻƽʱ޹ģ

ǲˣ½µǵȥ塣
ȴ˲ɫһ½ϵЦһ

½£Ժ㲻Ҫˡ 
˲Ļһ㶣ʲô˼ǲҪ𣿡

ҵȢ㣬Ϊսϱ軳Уùޡƭ£˲üͷһɫñȸղŸ䣺װףͲøߡ
½ĿУӲĳ˵һΪҸ˼ң޹ȥĸ
Ҳ½º۾ӦҸףҪúչңңһӶί

ŵһֱǵãǡĻû˵꣬ͱ½´ϣ㵱Ȣҽţ׿ڴӦġǰץŹ˲֣ѵ뷴𣿡

£ҵĴȢ½½Ϊ£˲Ҳڲ
½Ӫ軳УΪ˾½£ԴӦȢΪ檡
֪ԼĺǺ纷ģнԶ

ôǴģô㣬ⱲӶֻ޸㡭½ȦͨŹ˲飬ƫͷԼĵѹί

ʱʱ̿̽ĵȫȫ⣬ݳ谮һ纣޵ͷ
ȴҪˣ
һ䡮ҴˡܰһƲ壿

½ĵ˲ӿ̵ͷһʲôǿⶪĶǿ

½ֺʹ޹˲飬ʹ˲鲻
Ϊ˻ԭ£ǧĴӾܵ߹ءΪ˰£ģҽȻ˱߹ôཫʿͰգΪʲôǲԸһأ

ҪΪǼ˰Լߡ
ġ

㲻Ҫߺòã½¿˵ֻߣǵҲС
ԼĿϸ飬վǷĹ˲Щ
ת½¼״ŬƳеᣬɫų

˲鳤̾һˣʱߡ 
½ΪЦ˽Ź˲龢
֪ƣϧŮӡÿÿһνҲҲϧ
½ΪԼαļ棬ƭȡ˹˲ͬ飬ɹʱ
ȴǱּΪļ檣ⱲӶһ𡣡
һ˫ס˲΢΢Ͱ˴ӻ˳ȥؾһһЩҵ㰲ڱԺС
½²ŵĿУԺҲټˡ
ʲô½ȫȫ벻ԼʾһȻõ³

һЩҵڱԺУ
ѵ֪Լ檵ھУûıӻ֮ء

֮£˭ҺͻȨԣ
ЩĹˣβ͵͵ºӴ鴫ȥŭϣɱ֮ӦҪһӰԼĹ˲飬Ȼ

˲ת뿪ʱûƼ½ӳе˸ŤĶ⣬ӵԹȥĹ

纵Ĳʱշ磬˷ݳǵѩҲ׿ơ
˷ݴʷ͹󺣵鴫뾩Уʵŭּ˷ݴʷ͹󺣾͵Ϊ֮ŵϹ̫Ӿټνһְ˷ݴʷ͢ɹԱΡ 

뿪һգаնС
ѴʷſڵĴΧµˮйͨǶ̫飬ӵϵļʱҲмܡ
ЩǳаգŸм֮Ľӽ̫ӣǶǹ̫飬Ӱ칫̫ڰе󡣵Ƿɾ裬˰ң̫Ӻ͹
˲ߵľʹɫǿ纺̫߱ǵʱԼҲ߽׼

Լļ·ϳԡ
иＷǰһ󼦵Ǳ˼״Ҳȫǵľʳ̫Ӻȥ

Ⱥӿֵʱ˺Ȼε̫ӳ˹ȥ
̫ӣ
˸ߺһҲŵĴҴܡʿ̫ǱΧȥһ룬ҪͼǸȻӵ³һذף纴ȥ

Сġ
ޥγĿ񵶣̿Ϳȥ̿͵ֱϣڵϡ⼸̿ͼ״ֳ纴ȥ
ڱ̫ӵĹ˲¼״ͬʱ߷ɴ̿ͣ纷ȥ̫Զڴ̿ͷذҪĿʱվԱߵ½ºȻ˹ȥ

ۣ
ذ״½µĿڣʮס̿͵üͷһסһ̿ͻذףͬʱ̧ţ˳ȥ

¡
˲ֽסϵȥ½£½һѪĿҺܸˣҾ㰮صĳ

߷һ̿͵ԣüͷһ
½³һѪץס˲֣Ŀʵԭƭ𣿡

ԭ㣬˵
̿͵Ĩ˾綾½µɫۿɼٶȱڡΪ纵½£˲һ½ĴѰңⶾҩأⶾҩء
ⶾҩûҵ½Ѿ˹ȥ
£½¡˲ʧ󺰣Ƿô½Լǰȥ




37.     

½еԵ, ν֪֮Ц½¹Ȼûڴⳡɱ½ֶðʱ, Ҳ֪ôŮ, ֵ̫ˣ

½»Լ, ٴʱ򣬻˷ݳǵĿջ˲Ϊչ˻Բѵ½£Ҳһͬ˷ݳǡ
ذϵľ綾ȻѪΪҩ, ԶҩһĿԡЯŽⶾҩ, Գж֮, ûʲô󰭡

Ϊ˳ù˲ھΣδڵĶʱʱΪѪε
ÿʱ, ˲ξͶһ֡½ΪԼŻȥ, , Ƿµ, Ӧû

Ҳ½׼˲ְѳŵһиصˣΣ͵ơ
Ϊȹ˲սɳȥȹ˲纡սϣѹ˲˶˳
Щһ㹻˲ھһӡǰƭ, ܵһɶҲȷʵΪԭ»˹˲ᡣ 

Ȼ˲룬½, һգǰù˲ȫĳ谮⡣

纴Ӽ½µ̽ӿе֪Щʱ򣬶̲ס̾
Ҫ˵˲½¾͸Ǿһˣ̫ӱɱн̿͵ı¡
½·ҪܹӲǰѴɱֳŰ
ϧЩ̿ͣȫҧԾһڶû£˵ܲʲô
ڸ̾䣬ʣô
ס£ʲô
̽Ե˵½һηΪ㵲飬Юͼù˲Ͱ  
ǡ
ЦȻ֪½ΪĿġ֮û𴩣뽫ƾͼƶѣΪ˲鸮в̽ӡ

޸˲󣬽һֱڴмˡݷʱ˴߼ĸ澣ʣµȫڽ
Ϳʼµ֣Ŀ¾Ӻ½¡˲˹ᣬ˺ʺ̫ӵ¡

񣬹˲Ȼıûϵ½¿ɲһס
½ڹ˲ߣʵ»
Ϊ֪Լڽ˿϶óһ½˲ҫ˵ӵļֻ֮ʲôȡ

纺̫ӵڻؾ·ϣ˲˷˺ƽѱйǨʥּѾӱ޵Ĵ͵˲ϡ

˲ּؾʱѾǰº
У½ֶμĺ͹˲޾ɺáȥԺ£˲Ҳ

Ϊ½ʱʱĶѪεڻؾ;У˲Ϊչ½µ壬г̡½»صǵʱѾǵڶˡ

صǺ󣬹˲ư½£Ž
ʵۿűǰĹ˲飬ȻǰգϷ빬ǰΪ˲ͻ顣

˶Թ˲ְֺޣĽţ㱻ȨҲƾԼı£ڶ̶һʱ£߹ؾģٸԭְֺʶ˲壬Ů˵ǷͿ
ʵ۴ͻ飬Ѱլϱѹ½Ǹ꾫

ǰŮͻ飬ʵʵ̫Ը⡣
Ͼ͹˲齫֮ܵͬʱֿϹ˲Ů˶㲻Ĵ
˲ͻ飬䣡

ɼܲסϷ򸾣ǰ󰡡
ǻʵҲʹͻˣ˰䣬㸨̫ƽ˷ݱй޳⣬Ѱź¡

¡˲ڻʵǰ¹ǳǱ´ͻ飬ԸϽȨ׸ȨƵ
;ڶµĹء

⻰ʱ򣬻ʵ۶Цˡ
ȨƵͨ˵¼ˣϧ˺
ƽıйʵϧǽţΪֻǱȨɣ

ڱ߹˹ѫ£ģȢ纣
Ҳ䣿
Ļʵ۶û˼͹˲˵ˣֱӰѴͻʥּ˲ǰּ°ɡ 

¡
˲黹ʵջʥּʵֱ˰˳ȥ

½˵´ͻ˲ʱŭģȻ³һѪ
ͩɫķס½¡
û¡½ĨȥǵѪֻѪӿǣڵ඾
ץͩɵ֣ްʣӦ𣿡 

Ϊջسڻ鷿ſڡ
½˲䲻ˡ
ͩɻǣǱ´ͻ飬ôӵù 

ͩɵĻ½ĵһʵͻļҵŮ
˵ǸƷٵĵŮСС;ִĺܡ˵ԸլֶΪǹϷ˾ϸѡĴӡ

½߬еӣ
϶Ūѹ

ҪиĽˣ㽫۰㣬½ҲҪԲٿͷͩɶ½ĹһΪ롣 
Ļû˵꣬ͱ½һƣס죡
˵˭ܵˣǸֻûбˡ
񷢺ݵķԸͩɣȥϸһǸŮʲôͷ


˲ɫᶨĹ鷿ſڣֹôȰ
ּ鷿ſڣҹ鴫ǡΪ˲鷿Ȣ纵Ļδȫǵ˶Ϊ˲Ϊ˼檿ּ

ͩɶһĽ½˵ĺܰΪνĹְҪ
ֻ½²֪˲鲢ΪΪ˹Ǹ߸ϣһ۶мĳ
һɱŭֱĿڣִͩ쿪 Ž϶ջʥּ˵λּ㵱ˡ

졣
½İѱͩϡ
֪Լʲôµͩɣֱӹ½ǰľģҴˣԭҡ
⼸½һֱȶв˳ͩɳͩɶǻ챻ҳࡣ

½´ͩпԼŤ뷴ӦԼ̫æѹĵķŭͩɴӵϷ

ָȥŵͩɪ
½ɫȸղŸͩŵĻʱ½ºȻЦղ˵ʲô

ū˵˵϶ջʥּû˵꣬Ȼס½ɺĶ˵Ķԣ϶ܷҵˡ
ͩŵɪУЦϣֻҲ䵱ˣ


˲鷿ĵҹȻꡣ
ĴҵĹ˲һΣ㵹ڴСֹһԣֻȹ˲εͰ̧
żδˮʳĹ˲飬üζιȥӲҧͦ˹ 

˽ūһȰ㻹ǳּɣ£ʧȥˣҲûӵеʸ񡣡
⻰ù˲ȭǱҰ˺ʹѪ졣 
֪ѾˣǳףǾһᶼˡ
ɬƵɤڲסĵʹǹ˲΢С󣬽ּ׺͹ڹſڣѡߡ
ֹĿ⸴ӵĿ۹˲飬ĳģʵ͸ж
ΪһУµĿ
еԶѵõʧȥ֮ǻ




38.     


ʪ, ˳Ŵ϶һ¡
žĴУðɸԼ˴Ӻ, ůڵıֳ˯˹ȥ

鷿, ˲黹ǿĹ
ƫֵҹС̫, ȲĹ˲鼸ʱܱιȥ

ˣ˰޵꣬ҲˡһС̫˵꣬ͳֵŹ˲εڴС
ǵŵ, ȵͣ, ȵڶ峿, ֧Ĺ˲źȻڵϡ 

죬̧ȥ̫ҽԺ 
ָֹżС̧̫ľǰСָ̫˲, ȴԷƿ
˲黹ӵ鷿ſ, ȴֹ˵ѾӦջشͻʥּˣ
ϲĹ˲ų˹ȥ 

ʵ۾ðƷٵĵŮ͸˲, ʵί˼ҡ˵ʥּջ, ˲鿹ּﻹҪ 

˲鱻С̧̫ȥ̫ҽԺʱڸ빬ʵŵ纡
纡
纵һ̣˲۵ױŷõĹâ
Լô

֪ľϵĹ˲飬˲ŷһŴľŲ鸡ĳȥʵûĵء

ҲƼ˵ڵϹ˲, ƿǰС̫࣬ײײĳԼ΢ۡ

纡
˲ĵ߽, ĿЦˣñȨ͹ְջشͻʥּ

Σ
޶Եģù˲Цһ
ҡҡҲΪ½¿ּġͣȴ纴ϣΪ˭ּ뱾޹ء

纵Ļù˲ķ·˺ݺ߬ס߬ܣɺ졣 

纡ɤ˻ƵĻ
纻ǵһƼ˲˴ģ鷿ǰյʪ͸ͷңǱ˼㣬ûһģ
һ㶼ۣջĿ⣬ҪԽ˲鳯ǰȥȴס̵ľˣü˦ȴִĽץס

ſ 
纣Ͳܿң˲ۿյķεԴֻС线һı΢뷨
ǰǰ㰮ҵġĻͻȻ̾һҲ˵ǰˡ
˲ֶ߬ʱһ

ʣ㿴һмǰ
˲Ŀڷ·𱻺ݺһ۵˺ѷΡ
촽Ķ纣ðβɤĽͣûûС

˵Ǻʲôϵ 
˲еĹԽԽȻͣҵȢ½Ϊ檣ֻΪ˱֮

˲飡纲ͷĴ½µ飬ûȤ֪
纶һһĵѾݷˣͬκιϸ뱨ҪȢޣ߹鷿ǰͬûһ˿һĹϵ

˲׻һƬհ׵ʱǰδеڶ𣺡ν飬ڱֵһᡣ
Ϊ˱鷿ǰּ𣬱Ҳж

˲顣ĿĿ˫ѹ;۾䴽ЦЦͬκιϸ𣡡

˲˲оϢ
Ŀ纱˦Լ֣ԽԼǰȥ 
˲һۿ˵ҲãԼ̤ҡô˵ͬκιϸ 

֪ԼΪ˱½ºľ֮Ӧ½£̧δӭȢŵ檣ĳ׵ס
ҲڣεѡУΪŵԣѡ½£˺˲ˣ˫ɺ졣
׵̫̫ˣڵҲ̫̫ˡ

ӹлȥ󣬹˲ֱӲˡ
ججУ˸Ρ
εصͬ纳һգμԼδս½£μ纷
μԼʮ꣬һθŸȥ߹ؽ˷ˣΪУĻȫ𣬶ҲããɳĮ

˶ʱ纲ؽ䣬ããĮҵɳǱʱȥе꣬˾Ĵ󽫾

纡˲Ȼоѣ纣纡
ɫĴѰ纣һ統纴ӲãĮоȳʱĵһ¾Ѱ纡

ֻʱһֱڴͷ纻˹סɳε˺۵ϣЦݡ
һΣ˹ס½¡
纣ͱŪˡ

֪ù˲һʹĿǱһ󶴣ʲô©ˡ
ʧȥ;ĸоù˲˫ɺƿԼ½£һ塣

Ҫȥ纣סֻʧȥĶܱһĿǸյĴ󶴣Ҳܱ

ˤڵϵ½£ʹ಻ѵĿ״Ĺ˲顣룬
ĵһ£ӦǽסԼ˵Լչˡ
ûУûԼһֱۣӰԼƵ˵ϡƤϥǺ󣬴˿˿ʹȴһһ

һߣ˲鱻Ϸ˺ݺһơ
ϣϷ˺ɸֵĶ֪ˣαصأ 

ĸҺˣ˲ɺϷˣϸֵȫǾ
ôֻǵ½µľ֮ȫȻΪһУ
ԼԼȴʲô
Ϊ½²ͣ˺˺
˲ں޵ĻʣǴҰޣֻĹڵϣں޺ʹɣ

**

һգ纼ĿҵЦӯӯƫͷ˵˳ȫһľࡣ 
΢΢䴽ǹҪлԼҪʲôʱ˵ùԺ㲻նڿҵˡ 

£
жĥɱ¿

纻ȻײеĿ⣬һ£Եʣ಻ˣ
һ

ΪβģֽɤʣǾñ̲˲ɣ
Ȼǡͷ亹Ľ͡

˫£У쵺۳ĵֽƳ纣΢̻¶ĺƯߣǾƯĻ

ǹΪҪ˱ࣿģҲ˵źͻ 
ΪѾѽ˵꣬µƨྪžޣĲȻ̵ܵһ꣬Ѿĸ

ЦЦˣٵĸΣ
һ㶣ǻҪ̰˼ 

죺ֲ״ԪΪҪһֱ飿
㿴ˣǱŷӽ㡣
ƾʲôΣԼȴҪܿ飿Ͼûĵ

͵ɨȥůŵıӵ˱ѩС
纶ʱ̣úõСʲô

üСҪ飬ɫݵĿ纣顣
纳ɣѾ壺Ҳˡ

±纺ץȥ飬ֱܵ˴ϡ
׼ѹѹͼһʧصĳԼ
ͬʱڽֱ߲½£˫ݵĶʧصЦ⡣





39.     ˫


˲ջʥּ, Ϸ˻ǲģλƷٵŮ˵˲Ϊޡ
ǸƷٵŮǳ㣬ʵ࿴ӡ
½ô鷢ʵּΪ, ⱲӶֻܵ˲ļ檡 
Ȼ˹˲ķ, κ˶Ǹλáǵ·˶

ۿųұ־ܿ, ֱײײ˲ٰգǺӳȥʱ½ɭЦ

иСŮͩɺȻָźӱ߿챻ײСŮ, 
һСŮѡ½һЦ, ճˮ
ҽô, ǸСǱײˣʱΣܸԼһĺ

½Ƶʱ, һɫ̴ܲĳСŮ˹ȥ
ϧṦ, ܱСŮɳȥ, ֻײʱ, סСŮ
ԽԽƽʱһεӰȻԾ˲䣬綼·ĺһ㡣ǸʮŮذնͬʱĵڷϣק
̫Ѩ, ֻһȭͷľʱŮɹס˻һͷԾȥ, ȵʯϡ

峿ȫŮϣŮˣŶıɴƯ
װ׵ʱͨ죬ߵȫʧֻǸϵŮ


Ԧʯʵˣ
װ״㶵ҡҡͷ̵ȹĵƯΡûŰƣȴ

Լ̲ס࿴һۣӸǰ󣬵Ҳκÿտɫͫףĸߴһ޹ʵСŮǸˣҲܴ 

ջĿ⣬۱˴Ůû˵ǳˣǰ𣿽ֳˣ
ȻЩίĿ˭֪ͻȻ裿
Ѿ߷ߵǰϣֻͷЦ񣬽նлһ

ߡ߰һȻֵ˳һۣͷײˣѪһ˵ˣȸҸ˿ڴһ¡

Ǵ򡣡СŮ˵ļװ׺ȻǰëԼ˵ҽãҿλͷ̡

ҩһӶװ׻ӵļһ㶣ʱֺɬС˵䡣

ôˣ
ͷ󣬷Լڸղž˵ʱѾ˸첲⣬¶һ

Ͻק
װ׼״΢΢˿רĸ˿ڡ

ڲ¥½£ɫĶž³ЩΪʲôҪֻĺ£
һתڸҩļװϣ˫޹ǵ۾ݵɫơ

ͷ˿ڱˣʵȥĶ𽵹ȥ

ȥ⺮ɽ񲻱ˡ˼Ŀ۳ӵ˳²յܲ⣬Ϊġ

뵽ֶЦЦðһµȻؼһˡľ֮Ҹٻ
Щ굱İ˸׼ã֪Ǹ˼״ҲûţǷڳ˳ǰߵʱ򣬳޲ų˴ӵظ

ϵĳЦе§ϸʵճѹˡ
˵˦ŲţװͰ͵ĺ

᲻áЦӯӯĿıϣȴһԵĲ¥ղſ˹˲Ǹܻģó⡣

˶ӵļװЩ㶵վԭأų뿪Ӱ

ǵѵǺʦԶ檵Ǹ

װ˼ʱߴϤŮʦ֣ԭ㻹ھǡ
װ˷תͷƼ½˸߲ʦãּˡ

½¿Ŀ¶ϲļװףһЦ˵ʦֽ̫ҽԺ
ࡣװЦ˵ʶҲ̫ܽҽԺ
﹧ϲʦˡ½Ц۽޴µʱȴŻްĪĹ⡣
Ϊװ̫ҽԺԭҽĴٹˣȫԶ
û뵽װ׾ȻµȨơ
뵽˴½ѹĵ׵뷨żװ׻̾˿ЩԹ˵Ľʦ֣̫ҽԺΪ١ңһլԺ

װʧ䣬æʣ˲㲻𣿡
Сϲ½£½¼޸˲鵱檵ʱǧס
ȴ½ܾˣﻹǷŲ½£һֱھǡ

ʦãίǵøʦ֡װ˵ʦֿԴ뿪
ʦ֣ǱּΪļ檣һ뿪һµ½£ϸᣬ˫żװ׵ʱ򣬶ʱĺǻ

дװŭ˲鵱Ӧңһúð㣬ȴ衭
ʦ֣㻹ңĺܿġ½ĻųһǿЦݣʦ֣ھΪٱˣҲˡ
ʦģʦֶúû㡣װĿᶨĶ½˵ϲЦݡ
뿪ʱװ׻ίȥеĴҩ

½»ͷмһЦתʱϵЦ
͸ɨۻվڲſڣĿԼ뿪ļװף½۵׸һĨơ
װ׽ĺ£һ죬üװﵽԼĿģ

صʱ½±˵ǸƷٵĵŮճǣ⡣ˣȥ˺ϰ֣˵͹˲壬Ǿܾס

½ĵһϲȴϷߵִ߳
ֶ˲䣬½˲װһգϣǿмǷ֮Ŀ־ͳ衣 
ЦĶ½£½ūϷ֮ǰȥԺķóдġ

Ҫϳ
½ɫһ䣬ִȥʱͣأҪ
û˵꣬Ͼͱ˺ݺһƣǶѪˡ

ϷںɽùԹֻûùӳԡ䣬°һֱ̧˰½´ȥ˱ԺСá

½ıȻأɳ˼ܣظһջǲ½¡
Ȼû֤ݣ׷Ź½¡ڻؾ͹˲ʱд˷Ÿ֪ϷˡϷ˿ŭգֱߵѵ½¡

½±ǿѹƹ˱Ժķǰ뷴ȴýߺݺݽѵӲĵשѵϥǷʹ飬ϻҪͣдŷ𾭣΢бһ㣬ͻᱻýߴ򡭡

ڷǰŰң־Ͳ·淢ŭ½£Ļ
Žߵֱȥŵ½»ɪ
һЦ½Խо֮ΪյΪֻǱڷǰô򵥣ġ 

½ɫ֣ô֪ôأκ֤ݶû£ 
һ˲䣬ׯµųһ亹½ҲҷȴƣҪôù˲Լ뿪Ժ

һӶ˹Ժķ˲Ψһĳ·һվǰһգЩ̤ȫűġ 

־˵飬纶Уúüνһ
ֵ˵ǹȰӦõġ
һ걻纺ֽͲǴǰǸŭʹɱ˵Ը񡣷һĵˣҲ־˵ľٶ

㣬뽱ңͱҼˡ鶼ˣܾ࣬Գͼı졣
죺˵̹ûжͼı졣
ͼı졣ͣܣ
˵ˡ纼´߽ͣʹɫûӦڼ˵㣬㲻̫࣬۶ñƭˡ

˵˵ƭʲô
ƭƭ˵꣬͵ػͷ˫ۡ󼹱Ǳץ̳ϵ

żˣ͡
ȴֱԽԼߵǰЦЦ˵Ķԣ¹ȷʵġ
򴽣û뵽¾Ȼ˵Ļ˫ķۣһӶɫ

֪¹ٵ⣬λش𣿡ֱ׵Ķ纡
纣
컯֮£Ȼش⣿

Цʣƺܽţ
ΪҪţһݣ漴ǳ⣺࣬Ϸ

ر⣬ۣ漴Цӯӯض룬¹ֻ˳ĻЦѡ
纣
Цһ͵棬˼ô׵ˡ

еϧģһЦ˳۵ȫǰĹ⣺Ӧ¹٣Ҫڹ𣿡

ס䲻ô˵ڹˣʵش𣺡ڹ갡
áЦĳڸһϾ͸ֻСڹƵãһѣǲƣֱӹ
ѣ̫ˡ
Цתģüֱ˵ĸоء 

ȱΣҸ׼Ȼ˵ǲܲˣ
鵱ȻҪˡ纺ͬ˵

ҵɣôҲǸûһ㹫еϣ

ŭڶֱѧ
³󣬾ͼΪεĶԼЦҲ⣬Ͳ¡
ˣȴûڣƽһԶʱദڡ

Ͳֻʣ˵ദˣ纱㼫Ϊڡ಻Щظ񣿡纻ε˵ҰѰץ֪ͨ

¿ĲڣЦЦƺº¹ٵദ
ǶģǾûȥˡ

κˡ°ͣĲС
üǹЩ
һ¡
µƵϣǿ纱ȸղŸθţ䴽Ҫˤ·ˡ

ŷӦԭͬһŷϣΪ˺뿪룬޵齱Եˡ
¶˰Σ纴վˣȥѸԷ Ȼܰͳƻ̫ˣ
ûĲڣǺЦ֣л

󣬹ͣѸſڡ
ڶ¥᷿Ĺ˲飬ԹֺҲûŲۡ
Ƽְ纴Ϸʱüͷݺšһ
纶ɫ׺ģ˲ĿһʹǡôʱڿԼ纣ʶ̧ͷȥȴֻ¥ĵطһӰ
ޱջĿ⣬ڴĹ˲ŵġ
뿴纣¼纡
Ϊÿһμ纣ԼΪ½˺¡˵ͬκιϸĻÿһ𣬶ʹϢ

飿ϷŹ˲ʹܵǣ岻
¡˲Ϸ÷ʱȴĲɵ⿴ 

Ժ
ͩһеĿŹڷǰдĵ½£񶼹ȥһˣظѲǰˣ

һ£չڷǰϥǶƺüƤˣÿճ˳дģٺ÷ԲϣҪԺ۸

İɣܿͻһظˡ½һ߳деľһ˵
ԭûԼġȴһЩȥźá
Ϊʱǻġ

ͩɿе½£̲סС˵Ͳ£ڵȢһˣ
ᡣ½ްκ˶˽˲Ϊˡ
纣ȢޣⱲӶûٿ纡֪纲Ҳᱨ΢ϣȥ

Ѹڣ纼ѸϵĿˮײˡ
üغذĳγζһЩͣǽһˬڣͲ塣 

Եʱȴ˵ɲ֪ҽѰ㶼͵ġҳٷҪץȥˡ
ڴ󵹿ˮʱ򣬺Աߵű˴򿪡
ĳ㣬Цеվſڣ˵óٷھץȥ顣 
ӡ
޳Ⱦͳ¥ܣȴ¥ݿײϴξȹļװס
㡣װһʼܾϲ漴ʦ½¾裬һ
̲ס׷קųӰֱʧѸſڣ˼Ļ

Ƽվϵʱ΢΢һ㶣ϴǸжǺӵСӣ
ɫǽⶾˡ
װһ룬һ߸ŵС˹˲ڵ᷿

˲飬ɻǵõҵĳŵװΪŭʣΪΰʦȥԺܲʣ֪У




40.     


˲еľƱڵ, ϷҲһ𾪵Ŀżװס

˵½ˣӦϷŭģڷ
ǼˣȻ˲ظ飡

ʲô飿ʦ½ܵĿ, װ׷ŭѹʦҪͩѰ̥ҩ, ԭݲĸӡ

װ׷ŭĳ˲ȥ, ȴ˲鷴ֱۣѹϡ
ֱ۷۵ľʹüװ׸ӷŭ˲飬ȢʱӦ, úðĺ, ȴҪ, ʼĻˡ

ꡱ
װ°ʹһʹǹ˲ж°͡

Ҵδ
˲Ļüװһ㶣漴ӷŭĵŹ˲顣 

½ʱһѧҽ, ÷С޲, һֱΪ˳ס
½ȴ˹˲, , ȴҲϣ½ܹĺá
˭֪ʦãȴڼ޸˲ŰǰĺӱΪò׻ϣ˲ȴˣ
װۼˣǱ˲ס, һ͹˲ƴ 

½ͷһƭ˵ġ˲˼½µδϸ߼װףܸҴδ, Ҳҵĺӡ

ⷬ˵ǣװȻš
˭˲鲻һеά½£κһίģ½ֿ
װ׻ʦҵֵиӣȴû롭Ǹĸĺ

һɱ˵ķŭֱװĿڡ
һ㷴˲ѹʱһĻϷˣȻһΣ顱سϵȥڽбͣ鴤 

ĸ
˲齹ȥװ׵Ǹ򣬼״ҲȥϷ˵塣
ŭĵµĻʣι˿ҩ裬Ѩķ˾ԺŶԹ˲˵


ڣŷӦԼ˲ж°ֺ͡£°ͺŵȻסˣȴֹۣԺֻ¶̱ڴˡ

˲ɫһ䣺û취ô
аʦһװû˵ҽ֮ϣڣϷ˻оȡ

˲üͷһװȴЦǹ˼ҵֻ
䣬˦뿪

ʱǡº纴Ӹ᷿
ࡣװ׹ʺá
֪֮Ժ𾴡

¿żװϻδɢķŭ˼Ƹڵ᷿
μװףһΪװ׽ⶾһ֣Ϊװ׺½µĹϵ֪½µԸ֪װ̫ҽԺְضŹüװ׵Ļᡭ

˼䣬˲鱧ŲܶϷ˴᷿վһʱͷһϡ
Ϸзˣ纼Ϸ˿ڽбʱʱ鴤̲סʵɻоȣ 
һϷ˶ãڹ˲½ʱһֱάϧϷˣһҲз뿪ġ

ʦһоȡװ
ȷȲϷˣҲϣͨϷзƫ̱Ĳ飬ǰ½´ӱԺ

װǰ½£˲ɫһ䣬Щ纡߲δԼϣɲǼ䣬ʧĸо 

ȴڳ˼һϷзƫ̱󣬱½һֱչˣϷ˻ǹˡ
񣬼װȴ˵½ܾȡʱ½²δľϷˣ

üƫͷԼװ׵ϳʦãɻܾϷˣ
Ϸ˶ãǹϷ˵İΣ

аҸסװ׵ĸҩȵҽ½µҽǸ׽̳ġ

װ˼ЩķЩһֱûټ ˵꣬ɫĶŹ˲飺ʦõı飬㻹ȥʦûϷβô

½µȻܻ 
Ϸ˵з磬Ƴġ

֪Ϸ˲ϲԼԴǰϷͷʱ򣬾ͶһЩֽš

ڱȥԺʱ򣬱汻裬ȴһֱҽԺƲһ£ġ 
մϷ˺͹˲ٺָֹʹͩȥҼװҪ̥ҩĿľϷģзƫ̱

ڹ˲ҽϷҽζ޹ջȥԺ½»ȥϷҽʱ
½±ίģ˵£ƽĸŻȥϷˡ 

⼸գϷ˵һֱǼװϣóⶾóƫ̱
½±ӻʱϷ˵ĲѾصȫá
½¸Ϸʩ룬ιҩϷ˵ָȻܶˡ

ʦװĿ͵½¡ 
½¶ԼװЦЦϷ˿ˮȴϷ˲˿ˮɫ˵Ϸģһᾡҽġ

ʦãװЩۣ䣬ʵ㸹еĺӿɻã
ϴͩҪ̥ҩǰ̥ҩͩɴ½£˵Լһ취ù˲ġ

£Щ˶½ΣǺ½¡û룬⻰ڣϷ˺͹˲ɫʱһ䡣

½±ֵĺ̹Ȼʦ֣ˣҲûкӡϴ̥ҩǰҪġ
װһ㶣ûӣǹ˲˵δ㣬桭Ȼס죬Ϊ½ͨҪ˵ȥĿ⡣

װ˲ˡ
½¼鷢ʱڳ½֮Եߡ
Ȼ֪½º͹˲鲢δм֮ףĵ׳˸ˣѹ

ʦ⸮йĶѣŻѳƼС
֪һŮӻʱǻ谮ʱ򡭡ⲻʦãֻܹ̫ˡ
װһʹ½µκۣԴʱɵϲԴδ½ĵطȥ룬δǸʦãһֱԼ

˵Ϸ˵Ĳ𽥺תֽŶ̧ʱɫȸղŸ
ƫͷ£ҽϢ
˵ѾǱߵ̽ˡ¿纣㵣½¶Ϸ˲

纵ͷ
˵½Ϸ˲齥ת͸ţһϷз϶½¶ֽš

ӵǻΪֺ»ʣٰϷ˶ã½±»ʶ裬ּ̧ͬƽƽޣϷô½º͸ˣ֮ضûС
ϷǸмģԺϷһƽƽĶɹꡣ 

ģ¹һΪѰҽ˵꣬Ȼ̾˿ǹҲ˹¹Ǳˡ
纾ȣñι㣿

¶üͷ΢壬ŵеСίһͣ꺮ů£ͱЩ¹ٻܿġ

࣬ҪЩ񡣡˵Ӧ顣
ЦӯӯĿֱңƱ˵̫˲ֱӡ

˲۽Ƕһ졣ֻǿЦ٣Ĳʱ
Ȼֹȥ̵ĶƵָţžһ£纸оһ𻨰ŵᴩ

ãȻĿСĪɬȴַŭ
ػСƷÿĲС

ĲУĶẬЦҺȻǰǽҸġ
ʱձ纾£еǱϺͻʺС谮ûһ㹫ļӡǳӣŴŴĻ硣

һʱ±һ
Ϊ빬ū󣬸ܵĶǱĺͲпĥ
ŵĻزЩЩãȻĿվԼǰСԲۣɾγƯ͸ֹ
µһθܵؿӿĳǿҵ̾ˣĿۡ 

ָҲụ̀ƹȥ̧°ͣűָ˵ĴܾûҸˡ

ʶŴҧһ£ʪ妵ĴϴĴָ
ģٻһɤ˻ƣųȵҪ븹






41.     һ


Գˡ 
±һΣȻ, ԼϲĹﲽƣ޴ӣﶼֻĴڣҲˡ

ֱ, ռ, ɤӷ, оȡ

硭죬ٵУȻװͰ͵˵ʲô磿עͬ˵ķִ硣

¿ǿиɵ纣͵Ц˵ǡ 
С˿, ʵԿ˶ž, Ϊ֮, ұ 
´һģСĲϿͼһƯֽķ

ڵ, 线Ҫﲻסܵʱ򣬺Ȼ䴽˿ 
˵ѹȸʧ, ΢΢˿
ʱһֻƯһ, קҺɫС, ֻ¡ͰֻһԸĨˡ

βͱסˣ纾ԼΪ˱סµףǽ.ǡ 

²纣žͼһĻ档˼, ɨȥŶرͿֲ 

ߴˡ±ץŶˡ

纵Աȴܵĸ, ֱ˵飬ȥԶʱŵתŲߡ

ߵſûȥһʣ˵ãԺҶ˰
飬顣纵ͷ
۶۵һʵЩΣǰлղŸȻ

һ飬ϲЦտ߽ȥһŨʳ˱Ƕ

ЦеĿ˫һһֻɵСèԼǰɵĵͶι
ĵһԼϲԵһ̸ݵ໴ǰ

ԵüЦޢ껪ŮЦôôÿ
ϧȴۣÿһк͹Ļᣬⲻ۵ľţȡ纵ע⣬氭ķ

²õƫͷ纣ػСˣƯã˫䣬֧򦣬Ŀ⺬Ц纡
ֵ˿һֻȥסø֣Ƶ˵¹˸ģЩӦñ˺ǻչˣôȥչ˱

纵ͷҧһڣĺ춹ڻ۵Ŀڸɢڴһ㡣
ǵһ춹мϣЦӯӯóô
óԡҧһڡ
ЦӯӯøеĳӸ
纵ͷ 
ˣǻʼҵĳӱȲฮĳôΪγԵõģȫҪ

纶ʱһ죬һĵɨ纣˵뱻ô
ҳԱˡ
סŸߡ

һ£ְʱ򣬻£˵˲ҪŻӡ
ԹԽԽСΪ۾ЦԽԽ
纣
ôһڵĸо 

¿ͻȻӦģϵЦݱ°糺۳ѩ׵ķɫNƯ 
۾ٿˣٿҪĶˡ 

ҽҵʱϷбĿڽѾָȻֽҲܶˣɻǲ´

纵Ϸ˵壬Ҳۏ͹˲йصУø򸾳棬żҽȥ

½¿ʦʱһ˲Ļңܿ
ȻֽϷ˱̱ڴҽϷ˵ʱ򣬲ûжֽţֵľľԹ
ԼҽϷ˼ʱҲδʲôԾĵط

෴½µƷ½µӣҽϺ֣ЩƷþ׺췽ҹ̷ȴÿһЩֵƷ˳κò 

½ִ̱ͳĲ֢ϣȴԵúܳƷҲȫǴʦѧġ
Լҽһ֣½¾ֵֻķݶ

Ϸڼҽ£һպתûգܱ˷·ˡ
˶ܸˣ˲ҵ˸ѯҵҽģ
Ϸз磬ҲĴѰҹҽ䣬˭֪ҽûһϢûС

ʲô档
˲ĬΣŵǳҵҽĶԲԣ

ΣѲΪģҪ㰮檵鷳 
Աߴһû˲һ𣬿ͦŴӴſ߽£ֻİʹ

Ϊ˶Ϊѯ£ά½£ԭУʲôΪ½£˺纣

֪ù˲ıǱһ޻סڽ͵ʱָɬҲΪ½£ֻ֪Ŀģ 

ģѲΪΪ㣬ҽĸģŵ£ƤЦⲻЦĶŹ˲飺Ѳ£㻹纵л
ɲء˵ǴżҽȥϷβǲǣ 

˲սȭͷĻ˿Ҳһֲпĥ
ЩͬĿ۹˲飬͹˲ʱļĻ
˭纹ϵãһ䲻ǣܱ

˲鿴˵ʱ򣬷ǵջ𣬷ܸˣӳĬˡ
ʱҲ縣ͬмӡ纣˲Ŀһۡ

뿪ʱ򣬹˲ݽ࣬Լȥ̽һ£½¶Щʲô
ΪλԵ޹ʣĸ齥תʱ򣬻ǧҽĸβ 

𵱳½Ϊֹͳʱֽţ˲½µΣʧ˷
½¶Ϸ˶ֵ飬ֻԼ֪˲˴̽õҲȫ½ڱԺβĺ

˲һص½±Цӯӯӭ
ҽϷй˶ѺΪ˲ԼҲָƽ顣

ɹ˲鲢δһֱۣƹصסǸԺӡ
½׷ȥȴԺ⡣

ҲͬнӴˣ
½˫һиһĨ⡣

ʼ޽ھǶߵһƬյش
纱ǿȥʱкǲԸ

㣬ٹ¾ҪȥľΧˣôƽһβμԣһҪͷ
ֲṦÿԣڹ

ԽԣƱҪóһˣôҶ֪Ǹ˫ȫˡ
Ĳɣ佫͵纣ΪεϣԼ˰֣ͷͺãҾ밲 

ɲСѹǿ㵱ѹҶʱ˵ˣһҪгϢǽгϢǽˣ㲻öȲɣ

纻ڱԼǰǿ飬۸շ̫Це˵Ĳһβμԣǰεͷ︸ʿ϶ġ

Һúõأʾͺܿˡ..᲻ɾѧΪ˱
Ĳϻ˿£ȻĻȥ̫ˡ

ڿ̫Ӻʱ򣬺һ
̧ͷȥƥӶ漲۶ƥ϶ˣǳһ°ɫṫӡ
ƥһҰѱַּܵקסĳ˦䡣
°ɫṫӣȥײʱеȥ
˦ͷԷΣĽ񣬾ң 





42.     ˫


¡
, ȥײӳͬʱżڵһȣȥ
ָļʱ, ȻƵ, ݺĸ
顱
ƨ߷, קĳҲ˦ɣˤȥ

񣡡
С
̫Ӻһˣͬʱ˹ȥͳͬʱһĻУ˱Űȫء

˭֪˻ûӦ, ̫ӺӷԼ§, ɫһ, ͬʱ˴Լ˳ȥԵӡ

û°ɣ
С, û°ɣ
ͬĹͳͬʱ˷ס˼

ҡҡͷ, ̫Ӹ, ̫, ȴˣҲֱӰƳȥ
ɫܵǱߣôˣ𣿡

û¡ҡҡͷ齹ץʣ㷽űһ£û°ɣ
ỹãһ۵ġ˻һ, Ÿڵϣۣˡ

ŵǳ, ӦֻǱһۡ
磬죬Ѱȥƴ򡣡µĵ
۵СҰףͷ亹üͷ΢΢һߵǰ˵ʧˡ

һ룬ڿգ籧Ŵ󲽳ȥ
㡭ץų½󣬼˵

̫˵
Ľûģء˳УҶ̫ˣ²Ǳ߶˳ӡ 
ԣʹṦȥһȺһʱȻûӦ

Ṧ˵ãִҽݵʱ򣬲һʱ䡣
ݵļװһ˵ǾȹԼżæŵǰѯô˵ģ

һš罫۵.ҽĲϣָջŵһѪζ
ɫһ䣬ɫ䱻ѪʪһˣΪɫѣմȾѪԣԳϰ֮˵һ۾ֱܷ

ѪζѪˣͬŵѪζļװżǰҪʱֱۺȻץס󳶡
ӦʱѾһߣԽֵǰ
£ʲôңװżȥק磬ȴԷɽ

磬ʲôۿ˵ڴϣɤ˵Ҷˣ㻹ôƲ
䣬µɫѣȻϡ
ȻȻվǰڵ˫ٿȻӦԼô£ͨ㣺ˣӲˣǶ°ɡ

Ӳˣҿ۵ɫ԰ףиɲܶϷװ׻ǰֱӱקųӣŮҽ
Сװ׵Ļû˵꣬ͱϣŮҽƲ䣬ַԸվһ԰æŮѧͽ˵ȥ潪 

⡭װס˶ΪҪȺ潪裿
Ӧ󣬼װɫ˼
ʱһ˱̧˽򣬴򣬾ȾҼҹӡ
װ׺ͳͬʱŤͷȥӣ˴̧ʱ򣬻Ѫ

ô£װżȥ
ˤˡһĳڣżѯʳ磺磬ôˣ
總ڳ˵˾仰塣纼ɫԣһţҲŰ塣

˭룬˳Ĳʱȴ£һɫѣһ潪Ƕȡ

ˣһЦû£ˡ
纺ͳһۣ˵Լӱ߶ϡ飬ЩЦá 

Ȼʣ ˣ޴ǸĶȻһݺݷ
ҽΡ˵ֽ꣬ͣұ磬Сಡʵңק޴

üͷһ壬ʲôɵӣŻץܴӷϰȫ
һ£ίͣСﳤ˼Ƚϵ

ɰɣȻ磬ԭˡ䣬ϲ̵̧ͷ纣˫ʣ㣬Ҿ˵ʱ䲻䣿
纱ҡͷɶ޵Ŀ⣬Цͷ䡣

ۣ߳Ůҽû˺󣬾ͷɾѡ
ߵҽݴʱȴ½̿Ĳ˳

纣½˲
ԺиֵǵϣųݣˣУԼ͹˲֮䣬ù˲Ҳϲ˪ĳޡ

û½۵һŵĺ⣬˳ǣȴ½ߵԼߣ񣺡
Ȼٺޣڵǰ˱΢밲ʲôҲˡ

Ϊλ纲δɫʵ
Ӹµĸ̬߰ȣø½иܵԼʱ˿̵Լж౰΢͵ͼ
ķӿԹޣ½±ȴ˳ӱ΢˵檡
سʦ¹ݴ򡣡װײ̼ʦ裬վػ
纼״üװ˵ǰλ޹ӣΣ볤׼ҵȽȥˡ

޹ӣ
˼۱סĲ齣ָ߸ϵ۰Լǰ½£۵ȶڴų˳ǣͰĵͷ׼ˡ
л
װɫһϲַ½³Ǳȥ
½ɫʣЩ۵˵ʦã˼˶Ҫݵĳܳײ 

ʦ֣֪Լݡ½¶Լװ׼ǿһЦǳǽļ檣⾩˶ҡ
װһʹʦñ⾩˶𾴵ҽȴ˶ļ檡
뵽ĵ½˵ģʦֶ㣬ҽھվȽŸ
˾˶ñԣ̫ҽʱҩͯݣһͬǰȥ
ʦõҽʥڱǰչԼ׿Խҽضܵñá

лʦ֡½мżװףȫȫκģüװһᡣ
ȫȫ½ļװûƼ½´ʱ۵׸ֵɭܡ 

ת۱㵽ԣŮװ½±ҽҩ䣬ಽĸڼװߣ̫ҽԺˣƺƵǰľΧ

纵һԣΧ˷ܵĹӵܣҲֻȾѰһƥͬʼ

ɸܵһ룬ײͬ¡
סЦеʣ࣬Ҳͬô 

һװ㣬Ưĺ챦γĵݽ˱νյļϸ޳һذб࣬ͬȼյĻ棬Ưɷ
ºЦСˣ͸ޡ
ΧٹӵܣҲޱȵ߳ǹ˲飬Ŀֱֱ纡
˫ĺ˵˫һ˵ʹɬ
ǰߺȻ˵ס£бһƹ˲Ӷϣ

ס˹˲鿴纵ߺֵͬ¹ٱȱ˭ܵǰĺ
»䣬ͼһ˦֮һ˳ȥ
ضӮ
ˬʴЦ˳ŷ紫ҵ˲ʱ˲©ģԵ΢΢һץס
±𣬴ǰһƮ˲û֡ΪңԱų΢ÿÿ纱һ֡

˲ŲڵĺӰȫĵЦ⣬峺˫貵΢⣬ǣȴΪš˲һʹԺиʱģǹ⣬ϨʱʸûС
˲սȭͷ΢׷纵Ӱ

¼״ЦһޣԦ׷ȥ
һǰһ໥׷Ӱ⻭ǵصײ˲УԽԽۡ

ⳡ纻ʤ
תͷЦ貵£ˡ
䴽ǣ˹纵˫ۣľˡ

룬纺ȻջĿ⣬̵ֺ˵˾䣺гͷġ
ü΢γͷ¹٣
Ƥ԰ף˫ᣬ˵仰ʱ飬档

㵱粽ı΢΢ͷַ
»ƱˮЦá
ػˣĺ齾ݵǰȥ

ûһ±׷
״üԦǰܣƱҪ׷ϡ
ˬһЦ׷ȥһһ׷ԽԽ׷Խ׷Խܡ
ԶԶ˦˵ƳƳ죬ĳ˵ҳ֮Ĳ

ºһЦôƵãճų
ߣҾԸճų㡭˵꣬һ˫µ۾һ죬ЩִٵƿĿ⡣

ʮ㵽ľΧҪȫǰ 
֪ˡƳ۳磬˪ɫװǹҹӣ½ڴԽžµƣϴԼǼɫϺҲơ

һ죬ֿ˹кηԸ
˵ѻڱȵȡ˸㡭
䣬ȴ뿪

ѲҪˣ

صʱ»ܳԾʣˣôˣ
ӥɨȥס졣

ӢӢӰƳƳ죬˵Ļû˵꣬Ȼˣ
ղԾ
ﲻԾ档
еࡣ
ȣӸղŵڣ˵仰ˣлࣿ 
Լ˿Ӱһ˵ƽڼңϧܲ˵ڡ
ɣȻźͳ棬ɸоƺ« 
ϴγ籧ʱºͽΪα飬Ȼһ졣 

ˣѻľΧҰѻ硣


ľΧʱ򣬼װ״½°
ʦãġе̫ҽǺü˼һ

Ǽװ׹½ǸŮˣصҽ̫ҽ˽ף½¿һ
лʦ֡½ɫĿһ˶ס÷ж

˸շ񣬾ͱ˻ȥനβ
ΪಡСȥջؾΪޡ֮⡣
Ǵ˴ԣҲڳΪٵִĿľܺͳദ顣
ʵȻȫɻܲסһľΧк

˵ന˺ʳ㵱Ҫʹനף 
നȻǵ̽ɣŻ磬С壬оá

ޡңÿһж׵ġ˵ǲͬന綩飬Ҳͬ޼ɶ顣
ֻҪ޸നС˿
ѷ˳ͳʱװ״Ůװ½´Ӵന

վסڡ
װ׺½ɫͬʱһ䣬ΪҪ˵鷳ȴ˵ȥƽ
ԭûϳ½£װ׺½ͬʱһɡ
Ǹȥƽʱֱ½ϡһ˲䣬װ׸оԼ线ƵãŵĲС

Ȼ½任Լգɻ线è塣纸ǰͷԽԽȥʱҲһѿŭΪʲôÿһǰǱ΢¹һ 

纶½¿˺ðΣ½ĵ׷ëʱջĿ⣬üװƽ
װظĴ½³ȥʱ线˵ıӰ¶ζЦ
½µΪһһڲصĺܺãⲻ֪һһͱƿءҪ½·ѾĻĻľΧʲô

ΪͳĳѲ߻ص񣬿ڴϵǼɫʱ
ôһ˲Ļš

תȥĿȥȴûӰ

ľΧشɽ
ºܵͣҹʱϵ˼硣
£ֻ
Ŀ䱸Ķ£Աʲô
Ȼṫƣᷢȣ¹ٸ㻻һ硣ɢͬʱ˳ƯָȥµϵӳųصĻ⣬üĿұ

线ĳң࣬λڶ档 
ˣշ¹ٵ¹ٱҪСһ㣬һһչ˹Ŀ⺬Ц纣˫ۺַ飬ұ

纱񣬿еĻţգգ۾ίѣ࣬ǵǵࡣоֹׯЩ
ձҫĺˣ˫ʶ󣬾̵Ľëµ˫ˮϴ黹Ư

һЦٶŪСˡ
ͷص̬˲纷ɫ˫ۡ
ԹԸԼͷģʱһ̲ˮѱϵúֵ˱Ƶݸ
˫Ľӹ˵ָ΢䴽
ĿһֱߵĹ˲飬ɬܵҪһ㡣 




43.     ˫


纺ȵǹӾ, ζһʱ˼
˭Ӿƺ󾢶㣬Ȼδ, ҲЩ, һ, ˺

Ļţȥߡ
ˬɫƺȾ࣬Զɽҹɫ, ֮ǳĹ, ۼ, Ŀ

̫ϲտĵطˡ˷ֵܵҰڲݵϺֱײ
СЩµǵĸߣӿ, ڵϹģĲȿˤ 

ʲôˤ˾͵˯һҹˡϻץŴժҰƻ, κͷ쳣˷, ˵, ýȥ߰ȸߵҰݡ

¼ҰһЦָһ߲ݵ纣ºȻȿգһΣųˤȥ

 
ͫһ, ˹ȥֻ纵ĺףֱ˳б¹ȥ
ת, 纱ӵĻУʵȵסĵط˲ͣ¹ͣʱѾѣˡ

ĿţҵЦͦ档
ϤһݵϢűǼ⣬Լµû

һ¡̧ͷȥŵɤڷû°ɣ
»ῴѪģһΪ˾Լˣľʹķš
˫ۣŵȥѣѡɱҡ
ɤſǻͻңһֺֻȻ׽סĴ֡һѣУ˷ѹڲݵϡ

Σգ֪𣿡µͳڶ纻
۶纣ķ䡣֪ˤȥʱţ
úԼûץסǰǰ㣬ֻ¥ˤȥ

û£û̫ˡЦ˫ͮͮۡ
ɵ
µ̾ڿޣ̲סͷñǼ˲纵ıǼ⣬ǣСˡ

纺Ȼȫ£С˲Ϻϼ
Ӧʲô£Ҳ̵Ƶ͵شϷȥĲݵϡ

貵ǹ˲ײУͫ׷Ŵ
ȻЦԭԵ˻ʱΣյľأϧ
հ˺һС˵Ȼˣȳҡ
䴽:һǳ֮ǰɱƫͷȥСһֱڿ񰲾ȴ˳Сӡ

һЦĿ⣬Ҳƫͷȥ˵ߴϣۣǡ
һֱڿǡµӦ˫ľˡ
ǣԸһҲػĹ⡣

ͷһ˳ֲ֣һʹ;һƬոµ硣
ĿĿǰˣһ̣ޱȵ֪Լĸ鳹ײͬˡ

˫ĵһȻչ˲ţԼĻҵ纚_ر˫ۡ

۾ŵĽëһֱڴЦһժͷϵĲҶӡ
ûԼ
ĵЩʧ䣬ͷϺȻصȣͷ

۽΢𷽲Щ߳ܵ뷨û۵һֱװ˯
ҹݵϢǰ鷢ƺ˯ˣ¹ӳ˵βź죬Ƿſ޹ĺۼ
Сǽۣ˯纺ᱧ˻УӪߵʱһӰȻǰ

ɱĹ˲飬ɫű纵¡ȥ˵ʱµӰȻƯƣ纶㿪֡

˲ҧ£ҵġ
㣿һЦӪʵĻӳ覵˫ķԾǳɫĹâ
俿ˣ㡣ɭŭ۵ףﾡ˼Ķ˲飬ͬʸûУ 

ҡ˲鲻Ծǰһȴ±ɭĶơɫĶŹ˲飬ɤдӹԭķ˲飬úͬļ檾
ᱧ纳ǰȥʱЦ͸Ůˣ㲻õġ
һ˫۱ȵ
һ˳ӵԸƭͷֲ嵽˭ĴˡһݷˣĻڹǰ

˲ս˫ȭµĻİʹࡣֻվԭأºᱧԽǰȥ
֮䣬һԶԽĺ蹵ڽӽ纵ɽ¡

һ֤ġ
˲ѹӿϺѪᶨĿڣҿ¿

½Ų΢٣ƫͷ˹˲һۡ
ڷķǲһЩӣ˲飬ҡƾʲôɱ½£ѪϴǰĴ£
˲ͫһ ϴĸɾô䴽䣺ԲãҲõԭ¡
䣬ֱӱ纳ǰȥ

˲ɫʹվԭأĿⶨĿﳤȥıӰ
¹⽫ݵӰĺܳܳ½ĵĶż˵ıӰ

¾Ȼýɱ
ЩƾʲôҪȥֺ纣й˲飬ΪζӶƫƫҪȥ׷ĵ纣
ΪΪ檣ߣ;ûаô
Ǹͬ˵Ļ½۵׸һĨݡգչϱҲû纡 

±߽񣬷Ͱһڹ澶Ķ
ҳˣޣֻ³ͳȥ
ɨȥήˡ

Сİ纷ϣЬ࣬Ҵñӣŵ˯ˣǶЩ

Ͱɵʦģ»һڣȫƵãͷ
뿪ŷӦԣҪأôˣ

б³࣬ūԴ
졣߳ŭ޳ȥȴͷײһ˵Ļ
ļ򣬵վȺɢʣ֪Ϊ·ŭҪΪЧô
㹦Σùôʡ
ƫͷ뿪ıӰ֪ʲô

ڶ峿纴룬˵ൽˡ
ָ˸ޣ²Ư֬ױ
½ʱž֬ŮľºͽΣʹЦü䡣

²¹ͬ˵ʲô
ʲôǲ½жˣ֬ɫͷЦ

ڹֽţȻ
Цǰ½һǽûУֽţڴж᲻
УһֶԸ½µķϧǱ߻δ©ţֻʱŪС

Գʱһ۾Ƴڰ˫ðⶢԼ½¡
ƥ½ֻĵ׳죬˵ڡ

£ҪСװװҩݸ½£СЩ𱻳ϳˡ
½ԼݳӵϸƶЦʦַģκ˶ϲ

ͷ·ÿʱĵ׶ЩԱ
ǴӳòȲ纡ǰ˳ӵòȡù˲飬ʵĽͼӵһе纡޸˲鵱ˣҪþ֮ҪЮơ
һ뵽纱½ĵױܿġ

ζɨ½ϣβסĵЦƫͷ˵ڴյĺϷ

½º˵ķʽһɲ䣬Ҫһ˫ء  

½ɭĿע£ɫ糣ͬһԡ
ÿԣǹӵǾܰεͷñʶ;ڼҲٹ⡣
˶¡˲顢ΪУﶼˡ˭֪ƺгһ㣬¿е綼һȥ
Ҵδζˡ
˿һͷˮƽҲû˵ͬκζԹ𰡣

бϵĳ磬ɤͬȥ
ӼͲȡһ֧´ңĵսࡣ 
ۣ
ΧĹӵܶˣΪսû뵽˺඼ݡ
˵Ļû˵꣬һ֧ʸɹŵˤȥ

ǵ˳ɫĵ糺۳ĵ۵йһĨȽ⻹ɫλסˣǵǳ

涣࣬һʱ֪α飿ĵײһˣԭǳ

µȨĻ˲üͷһȴûκʸ˵
ڵڲԶϣƼûԼ񣬱΢䣬Цݱݱ»

ͳˡ
ְڳϣأ˭˾ŵĳ磬ɫĮȷŻ䡣

ǽˡԶĳȻڣȷ
ĻŭŵĿأӡΣ
ΡɫĴ뿪ͬȴ뿪ǰ̲סŤͷ͵۳硣
ɨȥͶϳƲĿ⣬_ջĿ⣬պֹ̡ͮͮ
ĶӵӰӸһĨЦ⡣
ĿһеĳǿġܳΪԼɩӵģǿ˫ϲš

ֱƵɫѤ޶Ŀ
ԽԽԶʱ½︡һ˿˷ܡüװײע⣬ȥ 

һԵ½´һ̵ֻѣżȻõı˵ֻжܲݶ
̵ѴյߣɫĴ졭һֻ纵Ȼ賯ǰ塣
챣
´˳ȥϧ̫ܵ죬һӾûټ

ͬʱڻʵߵļװŤͷ½˵ȴû½µӰ
֪ΪΣװиһĨĸо

һ뵽纼Ҫ½£Ȳı任Ŷ̵ѵĽ࣬纵񱼵ɭ
Ǹ˵ὫϹӸϵ˴ʱֻҪڰö̵Ϲӡ

纣㲻ųݣҡңҽձҪ㸶ۡ
Ϲŭų纳ȥʱ½ɫЦҵҪϹ˺Ƭʱ򣬻ôˣ磡 

½ɫϣ·Ժȡ纳ΪƵġ
Ȼһ룬ֻʸϹӵֻ۾ͬʱϵ纣ȻʩչṦϷɵ˰ȫش½ŵȻһУһ˻ųϹӺֱײĴ˹ȥ

飡
½ײϹϣҲݺ˦ڵϣѰľʹ½ɫ־ĿŷϹӳԼȹ


½ɤ־Ĵ󺰣
顱ϹӺݺݲ½ϣ˺ѰľʹΪԼ˵ʱ򣬱纵ĽڸϵɱϹӣ½¾˳ 

ıȥú󡣡ɫݵŻѪ½£۵׸ֱɱ⡣
װ˵ߵҩͯд̹ʱŵͨڵϡ

ܣܣôд̹϶ᡣֱʱ˿̣ڼװĵף½¶Ǹĺʦá

ϧĻûţıɱŭ½ǣˣȫץȥʣװץߺ½¹һ

ʦáŻѪ½£װ۵ĶڵѪ
ʦ֣˵Ǳݺġ½סװ׵֣ʹ˵½µݲδ¶ʦǧҪұܡ۽

ʱˣôŹ˲飿װļٵ½ҩģңܱƽ
ࡣ½³һЦųһ˿⣺ҵ˾ࡣ
ôܡװײţǸ£̹ľӣôȥݺ½£
һ߸ϵة࣬ΪҪԽȥݺһ檣˵ͨ
װһһΪ½£ϣȴĶ˻Խ 

½¼ԼĻޣɽҪͷҲ۴µʱˡ
żװ׵֣ɤ˵ʦа취ȥǰܱ¶ҵݣҲͬκǣͨżװףֻҪʦֲ¶ҵݣҾܼѣȻ½µݻϡ
ʦ֣ܴӦô
½µĿУװױʹͷãʦִӦ㡣 

½½ʾ֭취ʱ´ʱ衣
ôЩʱˣ½ǰ鰲׵ˡĳ˿㣬Ц
յ鱾ǵƿУܻǷǽƾͼƣаźõģ½ºͰ˵Ϊ׾ٵĽһаźãܲݶĶ̵ѣ취͵½ϵء

ɱ½׾٣֮ԲɱΪҪ½µǱڰӡ
ӵļδκãΪԼ룬ֲῴ½¾

Լһʷ˵Ľ˵˲
һԸ˶Ұιǣڼװף顣
ϷҪȫף½£½ıɱǰѡ½ݣΪ½˶Ĵ¡
Ҫüװ۾úƣϵǸʲô

ҩ½£ɭ
ڰɭĵۣȫǱ½ŨصѪζһƥƥǴӺɫﻺ߳Χڵϵ½¡

ȺҪ˺ҧ½µʱʮʿȻֳȺնɱ
ŨصѪζУһ޳ݵӰѪߵ½¸ǰӸµżе½£԰׷ƱĴһĨЦ 




44.     ˫

ˡ
ڵϵ½ºȻ, ˵Ŀ⣬˺αװĵԽУ˵ֻҪ, һκļ

, ǳһЦ
, ѾŶղŻõĺػҺɫë硣
½ųѪۣȴɵЦϲִ֪͸Һܴ

½ΪԼҽҪЮöԷԼ, ⲻ֪һжӿʱ, ڵĿӡ

, ʲô뿪˵ȥ½µʱ򣬲԰ϹŵЦݣ̶½µġ

ϲ˶ΪĿ., ˵ʱһ֧ʸƳ, ɫݺݹᴩ½µ, ֶ˵ϡ

Ĵ̹ǵľʹ, ҽг
ŽŰΧͨĻɭΧȦ⣬๭֡

½²ŵ̧ͷű»Ŵҹɫл纣˫ɺĵ, Ȼ㡣ŭ쳹Ͽգ

½£û뵽ϡЦĶ½, ͵ͷβǣűߣǱһù
½ĴΰԼΪԼܻڣ

ˣ
ˣˣˣ
ĺͱϹӲȶϵȴľʹֲ½ŭ֮һ
ҧгݵĶ纣йֲɱ⣺Ҫɱ㡣

ݡ
һֻʸҲᴩڵأ˺ĵľʹУҽڵأѪȾ˵档

纸߸ϵűɥ֮ȮǱ½£֪ʹͺˣ
ⶼ½ܣȻĴΣĻԲ˺͵óԻʼҵŭ

½·ƵԹޣ纶ԣֵһᡣ
̧°ͣĿڶĲϣǸԼʮ߰ˣģͬ񡣿ϧֲ԰ҲԵü 

òƺԽԽˡ˰Χȴ˿ңĿ⺬Ц纡 
ЩӣһֱǱڰУδһ۵ŮһɱĻǹҡ

ǿϧ
ɹǻΪۣô纻ɱĻ᣿ǰŰ纣ǸϲǸ޻֮΢һ룬ѵ纡

ȻȭִȼԼԵʣҲԵҺɫëĵ۵׵Ц⣬º͡
֪վǰжбᣬڹĺ
Ѱܲˡ
ôѰǳЦŴ纣ǿɲһ
Ļ䣬ߵʮʿ˲ŵǰ
ЩʿǴСܲпѵɱ֣ɱ˵ַ׼ɳͳĽҲο๭֡

ʸƿնᴩʿؿڣֱһ
ʿճȥͱնɱڵأһĻѰ˲Щѡʿȴû˲һǽձץǱڡ

ۿһʿնɱڵأͳһжɢ̵ˤڵϣô˻ܡ
һâļʸƿնȥۡѰĿڱУʹУŵĳϵȥһ

ǰʬ壬ȴϰһ.Ƥߡ 
˫һݣΪӳһģһڹʧܵʱͱɱƵӱȴû룬Ȼ.ƤָԼ 

½´ȥ纳ڡ 
Ȼûɹץӣ½ͬᱻץ˸ţô½ºúûţ

ϲֻûκӵļôǾɱ½£ѰҽΡ
̫ҽ˵ѰʮꡣʱץҲ 

½¹ıͼɱϢȥʱ˶ĿŹ˲顣
˶֪˲ΪΥʥּȨְҪȴȻǸ 
ıҪģ˶Զ˲飬ͬ˵һ仰ᱻǣ 

ڣʵɫϵĶŻʧѪ½£ȶˣ˫ֱʸϣһڵϣˡ

ֱĿ־壬½» 
Ǳԩġ
½°ڹ˲ϣһι˲Ҳǰǰ㣬ΪһУܼùѫ͹ְ 

½ɫУ˲ǰһ˻ʵǰ£½ı֮£ǳ

˲Ļ½һ漴ӿһɾΪʲôԼǴӦףһΪʲôȴԼˣΪʲô

ǸһĨЦ⣬½¿޴ͬӹᣬԼŽץ˸š
ⷸıɱͷ֮Ī˵˲޹ְǴǰǸսպյĴ󽫾Ҳס

Ϊ㲻飬˲ҲûѸϵ
Ϊ½檣Ϊ½µķ˵֪½¹ı˭ţ
ǹ˲˴Ҳᱻǣ

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½ԣĿһʹĿĶŹ˲˱ѵʧͷŭĿڡ
ΪʲôӵȺ˫ֶˡһ£ֱ㴫˺ѷεľʹ
ֻڵϣɫʵŹ˲飬˫۳ڵϣʸᴩѪ졣

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һֱΪ˲鲻Ҳġ
Ϊս棬ȥ˲鰡 
ĶŹ˲飬Ϊô࣬ȴң㻹˵ңΪʲô

˲Ƴ½£Ź㣬޶¶˺ĸҳӣͼҴĽɽ

˲ĿⶸȻſڵϵ½£½һ˲ΪԼеĳ󣬱 

Ҹ
½ºȻЦֻЦ̬ëȻమһ֣ңҺιˣ

˲ɫһʶ纣ȴǡöЦЦļ˫
м⳰ɫ˷ʱ޵ݵ·һʼ㽫һп͸һֻǱƿľ档

ǰôû֣ױһŮˣת
纴ǰĻȻڶ𣬹˲ͷһʹĿε纡
ʱڵ纣
Ϊ˼̱ͺ˲ҧأѹĿȻӿϵʹ 

֤ݣ˫ַϺɤ˻Ƶĵ£Ըȫ׽ӡ
վһԵЦ˲飬ı֮㻹
ʵԣ£Ϊ˽ɽİȣϲ¡ 
ڸλĻʵۣĿɨˣŵհ֮ԣϲ£

ϡϡһֱſڵϵ½ºȻƴУϣһҽҽֻҪϿϷŹңһо˳ϵҩñǧء

ϣǧأʵɨȥ
ԣϣǧءԻʵ۵ߣ½˫۱ŷһϲĹâ
ŻʵһĶԹľ볤ϡҩȻƭ˵ģһл

ʣĪҪ֮ԡ̫ɫվ˳ȰӢȻᱻԻ󡣡 
ҿԵġ½¸˵ܿƶǣֻҪϷңұƳҩʹǧء

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½ŵʱ򣬺ʵЦһˣͷ޸ˡ

ϡ
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ѵʱĻʵۣ볤û˲
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纵ĸʣ˵ΪӵĻʵۣѵ֪ǲΪ֮¡
ΪĸʣΪѰϣɽ

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ܱͬʱù˲֮£̲󱲡
ͷ١ТĿǧѧ˲Ϊһ檣嶼˽ȥ

ҹɫɫصԺС
´Ůнӹһֵݵ˸ǰ飿
ӹյʯϣַ׵һԣŵǸ£㵣ˡ

ҷޱһ壬֪й游ĸŸ֣˫۳˰͹ʲôȥصǣҡ

ڸɵɫУָŸüģʥǣ޹οʲô£Ҳῴķϣ֡£Ըͬһš

£л㡣ӵУжɤʡ
һЦรͷķºƣǸصĺöɡ
ͬķ빲µҺͽ


빬ʱԶԶƼڶԼ֡
壬˰Цеͬк
ʱصһ˲ķɣ纣ҵģ

ȻЦ˵֪嶨飬˴Ȼġ 
ҪȰұȥ
ҡͷ˵ʲôȥʲô죺Ϊ纵ĸ£ʥľ

ʥľʵʱ̲סЦ
纣ǹ龫֡
⻰ǹ˵İɣ

ʣǻ飬֪ʻη䣿̫̲סʵ
η䣿ʵб۶̫ӣߵƽôģ
ΪΪΪ̫֮ʵش

ʵ͵ͷȻ㶮Ϊ֮ޱ㽻ȫȨ
λóҪ̫ϣô˻̫ӣҲ֪Ϊļ֮
˿ѫϮǹչ֮ʱ޹ʵҲɱ޹
¼ƺңȴҲǺûᡭʵ۵Ҫ̫ӵ׻δ£

ڸ̫֮ʱŰȥʵţȴڼе˳
Լģüʲô
ִЦҶû㡣
纶ģʵȥ

ȥҳ˵ȴŲȥ纡
ǰѳнһΣ
纵Ļ䣬˵ɱ𡭡һ䣬Ͷµƹˤ˵ʵȥġ
׽Ѱʱ˶ͽⶾҩ
ӵжɢ̵ʱڰΧȦģ估ʱסڱǣɵ׻ЩΡ

ѵ֪̫ҽԺѾǽⶾˣֵ
ͺ򴽣ǡǣһȥ

ɵѾͷ
纼ɫ죬̲סЦԴЦ˵ȥɣȥɣˡ
л㡣üЦĴŹ澳⣬ͬһͬЦп챳Ӱİɣ̲ס̾һգۣаĽˡ
ָ纣ǹҲͬ㣬ϲ̹䣬ĻŭţӾ͸ˡ

䣬ɵͷͱ£ϲˣҲͬ˵̹䣬Ļŭŵļ޳ȥ㵱Ϲ

Գ̾һӽʱҲ˼Ľڼ磬ֻ빬Щ꣬ͳ˰ɡ
ɲ£Ժ̫̫纰ο
һĹߣðҲҸ 

½ıһ¾֮޹صȫ˳നﱻ˼죬ͬһεļװ뷨Ӹ

Ϊ½˹˲檣ŷųϮľλΪٵˣȫ˶١
ڹ˲񻹹ѺУʡ

²ǹ˽𣿷ôΨŹ˲鲻ţ
رԸ񣬹˲˴ǲܻųˡ

һգȥ¥ʱ¥᷿ڰ۴¡
üһڮ£˵ųնū࣬Ҳţ˲ĽǱסˡ

೤ᶌͲˡƽﴦ˲ԣ˵ǿ˹˲飬ĥù˲Ϊ

ϲӵܣ۷׷׵ʱ򣬽յĴźȻˡ顱߿
˭Ҵүǵĺ¡һҪŭͷͱһţֱӷɳȥӡ 
ˣǵ졣




45.     


Ǽڮµӵ, һǳȫµĹڵϣһȰ, һʹġ
ɫĽѵ˼, ְȥ

ıǱӵ, δĻЩ˾͸ұ۳£ڮة࣬ȻҪɱӺ, ˣ

бϵ, ЦеĿ纡ŵһ, ˲ɢΪ΢⡣
ɵƫάһֱڿ, ӵˣĵܲʹ͸ж

һͷ, ͶºЦķ
һ, ǲ̫ײˣ
ֱͦ, ɫ߰ĶűڽѵЩ鳯֮ˡ

Сɵӡ
䴽ȻģȻ뱧Сˡ

ɫĳ߽ûǣһԵ᷿ȥ¹֪ǹĹ¡
ɫϾǳ
, ЦЦĿȻĳĹµͬʱά¹١

_ĺˡ
Ц, ǣڰĿʳǰ£Ŀ⣬ЦȸղŸˡ 

纱ҵ񿴵Ļڣ˼˵Ҳǹµһ֣Ȼάˡ
ʢľӡر͹˲ڷĻᰲȻ

¿Ưü۵ͦɵıϵĺ촽ϡ
ƯʹЦű

һ䲻ڣ¹ٿô˻Ƴɤһ£ʲʲô

¶۾ĳ㡣
һ룬̧°ͣ˹ȥ
纱ĴʱӺһը̻

δӦأѾ˴ϣ°͵ȴԴֱôɤᴭֺҰ

纷Ϸ֬ɫ۽Ⱦϼ죬κ֬ɫҪ
ǰһ£־죬Լǰͷȥ

š
Ƶĺƴ˵Ĵӣ̵ڴ¶СҪ˻ͷƤ顣

𡣡
½§ڻУ룬ǵ糺죬ɤ˻ѹǺ
ʹĺܡ
ѹ֣˳ϸıѹȵĺָƤ纲ݽĹԵҰȴִޱʵҵĴԡ

**

һ˿վʱյ½Ϣ
жױһ٣ˣ

ǲġ´ 
ʬϳεʱ򣬶ˡϵȹ档Լʬһѻˡ

½Ϣĳ̶ֳʵƽϢԹޡϱЩ˺ֱʱƺɢˡ 

ûץס
շ纣˲ֽ

ؽ黳ָͷǱߵѾ£Ҳץ
㡣̧ͷЦ۵ĵĹ⣬ɲ˸

£ɷˡ 
˫§µʶȵĸ̬Ȼ
Լٵ

ǽڷִͷ˳ԺͬЩȽϺá
ϾǸѪյӣҹĽĹ˺޽䱸ĿУĺҪ

ҶˣôҪͬ㱣־룿е纣ղ˲ĸ
ȻϢù̡Ե˲ֱҶһ¡

֣ɫСɿȴȻ̵Ĵ׽ס
׵Ц˻ƣ֪ΪҪ־ô
һ̵ֻѹĺףİﰴѹڳ֮ǰһαˡ

׽ˡ嶼ˣȴͻСȥĥԼǡ
Եۡ
ʱ⣬¾ãԼʱЩӡ
Լ§ͬȴҪôһ̣¸оԼƺ̫ɾ

뿪Ѿҹˡ
չ̵İԼڱӣţһ͡롢룬Ҫˡ

װ׺´ʱ½ĵڶա
֪½Ϣװ׺͹˲鶼ܳĬװ˫ͨΡ
ЩӣԾһΡ
˭뵽ʦãȻǸ֮ˣӽǴĿġ
Լиҵˣ 

㡭װƫͷվԼߵĹ˲飬̾Ϣڰ
Ȼı֮УұʥļȻ˥ܣɲδųն

װװοĻһػᴩ˲Ŀڣɫסƫͷϼװͬ˫ۡ
ͬ飬ġ
·ЦΪһ檣δ͡
ѣĳ衭İûںӿĿڡ˲ݻ˹˲Ľ˲ȫ޾Ĳ

վĽͷ·˶Ĵµ
ЩӻȫſڱƵߡߣǰʯͷԶ㡣
ʼգ˭ҲûϳǰǱˣǸ緢ݵĴ󽫾 

ȣ´Ϸ纣ʶȥͷ
һѳſֽɡͷ䴽ջĿʱƼԶվһʶüЩסԼĿڱǡ

ֻһһ
۶˹˲δļݻӲں޹ء 

˽Ѫˡ
װ׽һԴȥ˲ʱ򣬹˲Ȼײ֣ɫֻǱĳǰܡ
ͷɹֻܲͣǰܡǰܡ

ԼͣͶ纵˫ۡĮǱģ

˲飬Ҷġ
纵ڶĿǱ۵Ѱʹ
һ̣ԼԼֻáǴǰƭԼٿһ㡣ȥûС
޴ֱӣΪһ檣Լͼ䵽ءûȥ纣վߡ

ۡ
֪öԼʹ޵Ĺ˲Ŀһʹֱ³һѪ˵ϡ 
ɨѪصĹ˲飬ͻȻһȻζЩ˺£ֵȥע⹦򣬻ƷЩʳ 

Եġ纳Ѹȥ
˵ѸŮоһлֽɡ 





46.     


ĳլԺ, õѰĿĿϴʯ࣬Ůӡ
Σ
ˡŮɫ忪ڡ

˫ľΧ·, 㻹ôѰЦº͵½, ȴĮΣյϢ
½һ, ѾˣκˣҲû־ܵ
ұ¶ǿƵ, ҽҩ׹ǵҽ, ҵֻǱʸᴩ, ҵı£С˲Ϊ塣

ѰƳ½²űڲͣ, 䴽ɤ᣺½ú, 鲻ص, Ⱥ˶Ϊˡ

ץԼ, Ѱ
ǸԽƻˣʲô£аʤĹͷ

ҹʵһֱڰ۲һС½¼ϱץҲ֮ڡ

ͱһ½Ƶ, ½±Ѻͻؾǵ;У뷽跨İ½滻
ھǱͷǸŮˣʵ½׼Ŀľ纺ЩΪ, ½һαɣۿ½µʬ屻ջ٣׶˴½ϲ䡣

峿Ѱվڻ£˫ɨͥԺ˥ľǳ˫һĨЦ
⾩ǵ죬ܸҪġ

ķ·ŵѩƮġ΢ѩ˲ڻġ
ѩ˰̾ųͿʼѩǼ䡣

ģ̫ѾøݸѲӿֵ׼½纼ͷĿӱ˴￴Ц⡣

վһѩʱ纺ȻʵǼˣ 
Ѿռƻڽˡ 
µĻش纴߸һĨƶЦ벶ȸںѰΪ͸½Ǳϵ
´ͷβƺõģΪ׼ԶɵԸ½׼ļмƶѡ

½µϵģ½κļ
ǲܵġ

纶½µ˽⣬αʤԸѰ»ţȻƭѰԼû£ܸѰ滻
Ѱ½ĻУǲĲһһ䣬˻ɱ

ǧգһʱ½οһҪ

һգ˸Сӡ
纸ˣֱСܵһȪׯӡ
͵ǵع±һСܵܳ˫ȫĺж

Сܵллλˡ´Ȥ
Ц޸һ壬Գˡ 
Ժ㵱㵱ѡ˵£ԺͲǵˡ

ɱ𣬱һǸԸǵѡæ˵ֲװ
䣬˶ʱЦһš

线˯ӤǸ̾һ±ΪѲһʬ
һͻҸ˸ɰСޣǿž˻ϲ

ۣ˿á
ճԵ¾ƣı֮ͣˣҲͲδŮǴΧůһ߿¹ƣһѩ÷

°žƱź˵Цü纣ЦЦ
ԼʱϵľƺȻߡ
»񣬶ϳâ¶ۣ˵ȾƲУ

ɫƺͷƣƵģ
ü
ȴֽкãˬˣѱصľƣ̳
ĦȭƣҪ粻顣Ȼ˵ɵ׻ԡ϶¾Ͽģ˺ͳƴƵȤ

ȥþƵʱ򣬾̳ȴߣ顱һ¸ǰ
˲УĿĶ£ȣ
˾㶣ʲô
˼绹ǵľΧܴܲùµĻ

⣺ͳȾƣʲôϵ𣿡
Ļ䣬ͶϳҹĿԣɫ죬΢΢̡ 
ִδֳʤվ͵ھƳϾ͵÷ֳʤ


ĿӺų磬ڰ׷䲻ͷ˵ǡ
_ͨ͸ѩĺ÷

綨룬ǵƫͷ£ȡ
ȡÿӷſϵ¹⣬˱ûȤͬȡ
ΪŮ˻ģ£
ƲȥĿĿԼɫȥָž̳ɢս⡣

Ц˹˵ͬãɲľͷˣ˼ĽһŮȴ˵
ﻰⶼǼңҲ

ģȻ˵жʾ
ɨȥٿȻģǹ򶨵İѻ˵ˣǲ簡
ǳЦһò糺۳ĵĹޣûá
ȾƵʱ䣬С˿¹⣬С˳Ե㣬ɱȺȶƼ𶼸ˬ졣

ӵ¾ƣЩԴףεĳˡ¸տõ¹⣬Ҳ⡣
ȺԼûеˣǿǶЩ˸ǰ 

һԵĳЦĿ˿ٿ˿Լɰ۾ЦȴôҲڲס硣
ĵĥҪβùѳΪԼɩӵʱҲһ˿õ¹⡣

ãҲԡһֱĬĬŵĴനЩŵųʱ԰վȻһĨΡ

Դനʾã䴽ЦЦл硣
̬󷽣һҲûСŮҵŤɬ
ന˫һǿ¹⣬תЦ˫ǳƯ˫ʼնڳϡ

˾뿪ʱǰʱ֡
Ҷȸˣӷųߵʱ򣬳޸Լ統ɩӡ
ޡޣͼޡֺͬǺǵ˵ɩٸһСֶ䣬ͱֱקȥ
⧲ײһʶ̵ϣڳӳյϢǵصϮͺӣʱһƬհס

ļĹ̵¶͸ݹ̵﷢ ˵˼Ϊޣ㲻ټ޸ˡ
ռĶ

գգۣӷµʱ˵ҪͬСƫƫͷĿ棺һңһ㣬òãյǰɤ͵͵Ļ񡣡

˺Լ
òã񣿡ֻϣգҺ˼Ľ㡣
գ̣ڽϾСʱұϲˡ

˺󣬵ʲôҽ
ȴ˲ըˣƽһα§ڻ
ֱ׵ĻӻδлعѾƿ˳硭 





47.     

⧲ıƿ, ѩϵȥʱȴҵȥקĳ
볯ϵȥʱ򣬴നȻ˹á

നקסȴԼ, û, һ, קųˤȥ

ͨ
നֱˤ˹ȥѳƶˣۿڴനǰ˵

, , ̫ҽΨѵ, ϽѾ߰˷ȥ̫ҽ
Ѿߵָനͼ, ӵŬһûµģ, Իڿ޵ĳ˵, û, ȿȡŬ¿ȳѪԳ¶һᰲЦû¡

ûأѪˡ¿ľ´നڸ
û¡നͳһƿҩ裬ҿӣͷϡﻩĳСƿ, ȥ֮ĨǿȳѪԻûӦĳЦ˵û¡
ڳǰ, ˫ǳƯʼպЦųķβҽҽεĲˣԺͲѪˡ

ЦżӺĿԣѹȥ
നŻѩϵŮЦİ˷ʱ
ӦĳٰλѪϽվվȺ󣬻ַżനߣǣҼҽƣѪĺ괺ա

纺վԭأ˿Ŵനȥĳֿ˿ѩУûعĳ硭ͺãȻ˭뵽úóԸ¾ƣɢʱ򣬾Ȼֻ

Ҳɢ˰ɡ
纺³ȥʱЩѩ˵ڵϷ㶵ĳϡ 
⣬ƵԴ˲ѹĨ˰һ뵽Լ˵ʲôҪĻ޲ֳε

׷ɵѩģ˽ʧӰ
ЦԷǵתԶĸ¥ϡڵƻղĺڰ䣬ԼƼһĨ°ɫ½ǡ

΢̾˿ߵ¡
ʲôȥĺֵûͿȥûĺһǼ˲ֿƺȴֻжԼ

֪գαصأ
ȻΪһ䵽أǱǹڵأҲõκ˵ԭ£ڰֳ鲻ڵģ

İ纣ǰ㲻ǰ˺
һˣأôһ˶Ļ

ͻŵůůתȥҹ˲顣
δ߽żһɼľζ
סŲĿƽ͵̯ڵصĹ˲飬ֱ߰˸˾̳ӣ̾˿

αء
Ź˲Ӱ̾ˣӦ÷¹ȥͷ

ô˲ްɬ
ƫͷԶƺ纵Ӱ׷ѩԶ£ŵĵƻѩǺ¥㣬С

ǹ
סԲˣ

˫ɺңԶĹðΣɤ˻Ƶʣ˵ֲܲЩ

ܡڡ
˲Ŀһʹͫ˺Ѫ˿ʹĿ⣬ֵ˱ǴˣֲҲǴˡ
ͬ˲ֵһ뿴һֱڹȥĻں޺ʹСǼĵʹѣٶ˵䡣

˲ЦͷȾƣҾƺȴʹ
˲飬ĥԼҲκ˵ͬ顣ֲǾͰ׽ֵ׽ӣ䲻ܱܽǿ

˲ƵĶһ٣ľҺʪϵİ£ĿȴȼһŻ
˵öԡ˻ƵɤİˣܸΪЩʲô

˲ҡҡλεĴӵվվֱʱôһɲǣ۵׿Ĺâ

˲ž̳Խߵʱڵл
𣬾̳Ӹ¥ˤȥӦʱ򣬴̳Ҿƣ˵ѩ 

Ŀ⺬ЦһԶȥһֱͦĹ˲飬︡һĨο
վһâ¶ı˾ãҲ³ʣɱķ

ʻʱ纻²ðȡ
ٺˡסƵ֣Сȶָúˡ

ʲôʱֹƿ֣ԼϺȹ󣬻δ죺þƣþơ
¶ԼҲһҲȡ
˷ϲ¾ˬĶǺ£úúףף

Ʊֻϲ˫䴽ǳǳһڣƯԸеĺ¸

线۾ֱˡ
˵һ
Ҳ£ɵ㻵¶£ΪδºۺʱһɷŻ̬ʵں棬Ǻˣİģ

Ͼƺ«ƺܱռгǿǡ
ôأ

纻Ƶ̬ȣĿ⸴ӵĿһۣ뱣ѣȻСǱɡ

һһĺȣ·ǵδԽԽѡƵ纡ˡһԴϿȥҺ¼ʱֻסͷ˻˻

ȣǼȡԺľָƣϼ졣
ˡ»ˣ¿ܣղˤȥ
ûȥؿڣȭͷڽʶȵţָΪ
Ĵֱ׽סˡҶΪأ纵۵ƺУԲעͰȥ 

£ҡ纺Ȼʣǰôǰң
УΪ֪Ҫʲô 

£ˮ˫ۣãȻ̽
䴽Ϊ¹֪ܶڹ¡
۵׷·ЮҹɫΪҪأشˣҲǵáһǰװöá 

Ҳ֪ĺöء§Ĳӣ糺̵ϲ˲䣬˵κ˶֪ĸࡣɤŴŴƽŵģȫͬ
һڵĻȴĿһ
£ʵһֱĽ㣡ǶصĴӢۣ

㷽˵ʲô
纵°ͺȻס̧
´ͫʶĿ͸ǵ̽

գգۣȻЦ˵˵ǶصĴӢ۰ 
ԣһ䡣ɤɳƵĵ˵Ľң

ѽҺĽ㡣ЦȥҪ㡣һŮϲһˣ
˰죬û͵ü󺰣ɣɣأ

ڳİɣæ̿ȥˣԿ¹ʱŪ࡭
Ļû˵꣬Ͷڵۣռһ㳯
ɻһ£æתȥµڳԯϣٽȥ

ŪˣĶɺã̽½Ͱ͡
ֱ˰סΪҪѵĶʹá 





48.     

޹ǵֺȻסµĴ˵̫ġ
סִŨҵľ, Լ纣
ÿο㣬ÿĵġ˵, Ȼִ½, С¸ǰҵġ

ͫȻ, СۣǰҰ͸㡣
ҪúչѽЦƯɾ۵׹ǹ, һսİͫס

㲻𣿡纳һ, ЩѹҲϲô
Щʧջ, ĵֺȻ˽קסڹϡ
̵࣬, һһ£·͸Էǿ

ϲЦ˵Һϲ, Цۿչ
ĻŭŵЦ, Դͷ, ˵ϲˡ

¹һֱϲġ±°Ħͷ̫ˣһʱûӦҪòã
ĺ

ѽҲЦеͷ˲䣺Զ
ڵ۵ȻȵĹ⣬ͷ纰ı, ԼͷȻ˯ģͷἫһǡ

ڶգѹʱ򣬾ͷըˡ
ֺˣ

෢۵Դ, Ļͣ¹ĻϡԡǲǶʲô飿

ʶƿӣԼ·룬Ҳûĺۼܵĸо
Һñûоƺ.԰
ƺ.ԣ˭ԱߴһЦ
̧ͷºЦ׵ĵ̺ϡС⡯һҡͷʲôҲû룬ƺ˭ 
˵꣬̽ѯʣѾѣǽģ

ע⵽纵Լϣ²Цҹ¹٣¹뿪ء¹ѣڹġ
˵ûӵѡ纷
ЦĶ﷢ëٴϸµĸһ壬ȲۣȷʵûлдͬӾһҹ󣬻ܣŲ鸡ĸо

ԣԼȻûͬкԽ֮١
΢µ˱Ȳ֪ʲôͬ¹ֱ˵
õĳӳ覵ա纶ķ۵˲¶ƹ

Ҫ¹һ֣
ۡ
һڲľ˵ʲʲô֣

´𣬷ü۴ĳЦ⣬ȴ˵ľˡ

ҹ˯ˣʵʱڷ˫۾󣬺ܾС¹
N޵УٿȻһЦ˯¹١
˲˿֪ΪΣﾹȻЩʧ
һдȻ˫ˮӯӯ

޵Ŀ£лᣬһҪաΪĹΨһĳͬʱҲӦóڳ

ô룬еȲء
˸£̱¡ 

һӱ߬ȥһѣУ纱ᱧڻС
ʲôǰյ纣˲ŵĽˡ

̹¡µͷĿƵЦ
ðɡˣ˭֪սֱۣĵš

΢΢ֹ´һʼֻĴƮ
ˣµ͵͵ЦӸµ˫ķƹЮŴ¡

޳Ưָ˳컺̽ȥָᴥϸļָĸµǣ鹴աᣬƻ

ǲ¹ǰ㡭õɫڣֺ˳ָһƣĿڡ
纺˲һأۼֽ£׽֣ɤİ󣺡࣬Źҡ

Ưӯһˮ⣬ɵ
ڳͷɶãȻ޹оСһѻյȫޡ

΢һĴ
Ǻ.ھҪѵС֪.ǼΣյ¡

ѹ³ǵǿưԵıƽŲǻߵô
ЦȵϢĴϣɤɳƣսΣգҲҺˣ
ҡͷɤſˡˣҪˣ˵û߶

ԡ
ͷҲǲʲô
룬ˡ
ԽԽϲԽأԽͻϵСǸñصСˡ 



纻л㱵󣬲֪˶òŷӦ
ǰûµӰһ뵽ǰԵҰΣն纱

һ
յˮղΣաԵľٶԺֻ

һůʱ½±ʸᴩ˫֣ѾȬˡϧ˶ҩģֱ濴£ȴﶼòˣ˵־ϸ  

纣£һһǸۡ
½۵׸ֺԹߣǣԼô䵽˵ز

ȻԼǳٰ㸨ӵ߸ȨΣ
½ԼΪִ˵̺ͼʶ϶һ

ΪǵãⱾġ󣬺ͬŮǣ˲ձȨĴ󽫾ɱ˳˱ӣΪƽµĵ

½ʵδ׷ⱾС˵ձҵæ˯ҽԺĿκ͸ԺǼ˽ҽԺϸߵְλ˼δԼ͹ˡ
֪֮ⱾС˵ҲΪⱾŮǺһ½£ҵŮʱһ졣

˭룬ϺͿھƵ꿪ǰ׽ץ˸š
½»æܵʱ򣬴̨ˤȥȻʹ飬ӭȢĹ˲顣

ʱ֪˲ʱ½ĵǵģԭǡһòӢãԺעҪĴ󽫾

Ϊܰ⵹ң½ҧгݵЦֻǾиҵĥѶѣʼնվ綥˵ˡ

ûԭ飬ֻһ½£ֱڶΪһУֻС˵ļȶ顣ԼջܳΪŴʳĻʺ 

Ѱ滻ʱŵƭѰԡ㻻ĵˣ纡
Ѱ⶯˶Ϊ
ΪѪѪֻͬ໻㣬ܻ½赶ɱˡ
Ѱ˼½£Ҽǵ˵ãѪҲԲϡ 

𣿡½ɫõ˵ҽҵġ
ĲӺȻסѰĿ⺬ЦĶΪϢԵɤĵ½£û˿ָʹҡ㲻һɱ㣬ô

˺ݺסϢľʹ½۵׸һĨ֣ҡҲˡ
Ѱ״ЦŰˤڵϡδȫȹڵϣ˺Ѱľʹ
½۵ɺսȭͷЩ˶ͨͨ 






49.     


Ķ, ⺮䡣
纾ôھģͳһȥȪɽׯ
ʣ̺, ů¯, ϵ书ؼ˼˵˵, ҵṦֱܲӴɽ·ȥ
ԡɰͷҲ̧ĵ
ǡҵġĻ纺͚_ؿȥͬʣ㵣ʲô
˵ҵ, ˤ, ѩô, ѩˣҲô죿 

纴һ٣︡Ӱյ, žߴһѩҳһӵĻ, һЦ˵Ķ, 㻹ǱṦˡҲ, Ҫѩ


ԹĿˣͺܡɨˡ

ѩããĹصϣһӰԶԶڻǰȪɽׯĳӺ
˲ң纵ãսȥﻤǰȪɽׯ

һոĻ, ù˲ץסȴҲû纸ǰֻĬĬڰ, ػ纡

ʳڣ´̴ӿе֪˲鰵ﻤ֮£ɫ
ӣ㿴̴ѯʵҪȥѹ˲ץô

ɫѵƳ̴һۣѹסļʷŭŷñЩϷЩ 

ӷģ¶ᶣù˲ûл῿
ɨȥ̴ܳ£ַĲ䣺˲ҲߣԶԶıС

ȻгԴ׼ʣɵ׻ǰ纵İΣڵһλ
һ뵽˲ĲƯüͷͽšһ³̴еӱ޵ĳȪɽׯȥ

ʱ˿̣ͬȪơ
˵ʱ򣬺òĴȪվˣղǻҪϳô

纳ȥģͳֱЦ
ҳ㣬˻û޸أⶼ˼ˡ
ȤأѾߵҲˡ
ĸˣͳͬʡ

ͳˡ
һͳվȪߡ
ߵһʱ򣬳ȻסŲֵ˻ȥȪ
綨ȻΪѰģżæŴĵ̴ǶܰѰȢؼҸɩӣǿ̫ˣ

ʱѾ˵޹Ҳˡ
ɫĿȪϣԴനλ粢δκ꣬ޡҪףͬനδһƲء
׷ȪɽׯĴനֵĺǵΪԼľٶനκδ

ɽׯǰ¸հѩͼ纽Ųٵ˹ůĵƹĿԣЦ 
˶Է߽ͬĺͶԷ˵
ôˣ
ͷʪš
˵˾һ㶣üЦУְů¯԰ºִŮнӹ濾ů͵ĸɲһ߸ͷһ˵Щ䣬ҲȪ

ָͦĺޣںڷ֬ůס
ż纵һ̣ķžʧ
վһԱԵĳʹന˶һۣô˾ƺЩɷ羰

ôҲˣʲôҹõֵô⴫˲䣬۾ȥ
һ˲䣬̴Ц
ͷɢȻҲԣһͷȻСﻹɰ

סˣ崺ǰͷϽĴɨʲôıһ㣺 ȪݣֵɤͳԽĽ

һ䣬˵Ŀˢˢ˳ϡ
£Ҫж˿û˼˵˵
һ£ŷӦڻشԼʹ澵⡣ 

£źƤ멣ĲͣĴനЩĽĿͳˣƳȴûгӰʱһɫʧ̾˿

ʳôƺ«ÿÿƺû
һ죬ڼУ򴽣ŵԹô
δڵ⺬ֵЦ⡣

˶Ի纣ʶɨ£ޱȵĸԼͷ
æͷЦ˵ó׼ӣ˱ţ⣬㲻ǰôȻԵ㡣

֪ʳԷûУЩֺԼǵôߵ˵ǹﳼһЩɺá
ǳǳһЦ˵ǫǫ¹ٽһֱյЩۡ

纸ϽĿһɫպģĵ·ģˡ
۵ĳĴ˴ȵĺʱĲ

ô
ˡ䴽񳯳ƲȥʱƺŽԺ

ޱջĿ⣬ȴ룬ѧˣȻϲߣ
黫
നºͳ綼˺ǻЩ۵ıԼ

ֱӵʱ򣬲١
á
ന˫ĳ߽մɫۣԵ㣬ʫ߳ҹӡ

ɫŵǱպࡣͬڴനļϲãֵıƽﻹҪ뼸֡

നɫһ漴̴ЦڸׯɶͬλһŸЩѺϹ

ѡϿǽϡ޼һ̵̶֧ͬӣרڶΪṩϹɴനĹϹԳ⡣

л硣л
ϲͺáനЦů԰׵Ѭڳֳ죬ĵϪˮ峺Ưˡ

നзβ˶ʳȺ
ǳʱԸһ˺͹඼׼ġ 

¥ŮǳվˡԵ̣»齴֭ÿһóԼˡ

䣬̺õ
ЦݿŸԼв˵ĳ磬Ө׵׷𱡱ΣЦ͸óͷ·ְѻȼա

ģôനĽĲС
ٿеʳһԼõİеĹɲǰ
ǻõˣʸȥĽһŮ

ëѩУҵĹ˲飬Ŀⶨůе纡
Ц̵ģк˿൨ܡ 




50.     


ڶ, ˷ྐྵȻû糯ѯһŵ֪żз纮齵Ϣ
ʱ˿, 齵Ժ
纹İ׺, ů¯, ë׵ĵ̺ϣЦеĿ¡ƯֹЮһɱż񫡣
á
纹ƣӹժ˿ѳȥ, ġ

ֽӹ, Ŀ⺬Ц纣¹ٺ̰, Ҫࡣ˵ѣɴ˻ȴ˾͹

纱ŻḶ́ҲǲԣȰѴ˵
ֻ˵ĳ, 纻ͷһμ糺ɫɫĳĵ, ˼ֶ, ˼Ӳ֮

߹ʱ, һ߰ѹ̵ݹȥһʵΪϲ£ 
Ϊ˵Ҵºÿ˸Ӳ

˭ѽ˲䱸
Цӯӯĳ˵أ 
ΪȵԵʣͦıǶ˽ϸϸĺ覵Ҳ˱ΣЦӯӯģԵɫ

ѵңָ̧Լ
ι˰ӹȥ, תһˮ㻹˭

ΪūԵʣû纹еգͱȥɨ󡭡ټʱ, Ѿƽ˻ǵ̫
ʱ纼ĵһۣЦ˵̫ÿ۶Ȼޡ
ǴӴ˺󣬺Ӱɫʡ 

û׮¡
ЩƲ֣ƫͷգǱϴȴһ⡣

첲ײһ£ǰһõӣϣƼԼë׵纣üĵҼǵЩ
Ͼδ»Ưӣڹе̫ϲơ
ʱͬ˲۹µò˵ӵ˾ò²֪ŮӲ 

뵽һ㶣Ŀⶨ¡
ôˣ¼ãȻ㶣ΪֺԺȥĶͷǲ

ЦҡҡͷᶼˣֻãԭӺǰǱ˽ʡ
ɵӡ
£˫ᡣ
ʵȹ˲黹ҪࡣתתΣ쵽״ջӵ

׽Ļ棬ڹ˲У۵ȫɵʱлѩȥ˵ϡ
ʲô
ʶƫͷȥºȻסͷҰİ˰˻

տ˽ʶ̵ţһУ̧ͷֱ˰ס
һֻ˵Ĺѡ°ĺ׿ԼȥϵĶ

ƭˡô
µ͵Цȷʵ
ڵأ˶ͷŻԼ̧ͷ纣ɤɳƵ˵ҶҪˡ

ˣȴС̧ڰ׷˸ɫʣôף
˫һŮ°ͣǿ̧ͷɬĿᴭȥס

纵˲ˣֱֻܽקѣɬȴĻǡ

˭ʼòԷѾҪˣమĽŮͱ˴˼Ǳóȡ
ᴭУ˭ҲԸãԷĿǸ
ͬصƣ񫡭纲֪ʱڶԷϥͷ´ԵǣǵԣͣĲţֻܽУѰŸഥʧءСҪࡣ

еĹ˲鿴˾һĻʹ۵ɺ죬ĿڵʹԽԽء
ٿȻңسǰ˼ͬǵ£ıӰеռһ̳ȥ 
ù˲Ųһ٣һ룬΢ֻʵת롣
ãǰкʸǰһԼС

ʹ޷԰εĹ˲ײײĳȥȴׯſ˼ˡ
㿴ǹ˲顣һָʧǵĹ˲飬ߵĸ˵ô

ܸʲôȻ󳤹һǰ̡Ǹ˲мʱϵĽ磬Ѿ߸ϽԼȥ󳤹ڹȥϣ̧֣һǰ̡

˲˻ѹȻһˣڳǰ
ɺӥϣѾ˶˺鷳Щȥ徻 

˲⣬ŵļһ
Ϊ׵Ǹ¸ˣȻޡһЦ㻹ϣΪļ檣ǹһ屻λٳЦ

¸˵ĻĴ̣˹˲Ŀڡ
㻹ΪԼǸݵĴ󽫾ϮĳޣǹһˣҶ硣

¸ʵǹ˼ҵֱϵѪǿȥ֧һ˵Ȫɽׯ纣ι١ϧĴŶûͱ˲춪˳ȥ
˲飬ʲôңŭĳ˲ײȥ˲̧źݺһŰ߷ɡ 
¸˼ӱ߷ɣɤƿڴ򣬻ǰˣ硭

˲˲ۡ
һӰν¸ˣĽŵǸ˶ʱסӵļȫֱĹѩϡ

˲ŭ𣺡ȥ 
ɫɺ죬ɢĿֲɱ纰µǸˣϽקŶӣƨɽܡ 

Ǿˣ
Ӳĵʣͷɽʱ˲ֳֳɫɷģŵ˫һСˤȥ.
Ȼ¸ҧгݵŹ˲νӰ

**

͸ô
ɽһȪɽׯѰĿվµ½£ĿֱĶңԶĨִӰϴһ˿Ц
Ϊ˲鸶ôࣿͷ㣬ڵߡ

ôģ
½ҧŴŹ˲̽ׯӰŭкȻĲ̡
˲ΨһİˣΪдǰ㣬һһİػȴûӭȴǰ˵ıѡ

ʵ԰㡣̧½µ°ͣǳЦ˫ɨΪʷŭԵŤϵЦԽԽҰ⴦Σ
ˡ½Ŀӵ֣ݣһԹԻصߡ

һΣͬʱ˰ܣ˲Ϊ˾ִֽ纵Ŀڣ纴¥ˤ¥ȥ

½¾Ůǵʾδĳһ죬˲϶Ϊɱ纣Ȼͬ¿Ľǰ㣬޸˲飬ΪԼΪĻʺ󡣡  




51.     

ڶ, ͻ£ȥɽ÷
պ߳Ժţ˴Ա߳˹, 󺰴У, ǵ𣿡

˲ɽǶĸ, ҹɫС͵͵ɽһֱڷĲ纡
ò׼纣˷ܵ˫ð⡣ɻûȿ, ͱ̿Ͱڵء

סĽ·, , ǰ͹˲黹񸾼ׯժѳԡ

ɩӣ纺Ȼʵ 
񸾣񸾣áϳԼ, ¸ϲ˵
ڰĹ˲飬һ, 纻ǵɩ, ǲҲǵ÷ꣿ 

˲ϲ, ɩ˷ܵ˵ѺóԣһҡԺɶ¿Ѱ
ɩѿӻóʹ͵Ľҡ˳ܵǰʵû취񸾲ŸҴŽҡҹ

ҡһ˲, ͫһ
ĲǺ͹˲÷£ǵ길ʺ̫Ĺ, Ϊ½飬͹˲ֵ࿴ᡣ

Ǳ˲͵ׯϣʱ½·ͷʢǸʧƵĹ
ɩΪֺ½£˺»ԣ˿̣ҡݺݴС 
ҡĵľʹƺӰΣ۵սȭͷ

񸾵ĶӱܵƷ١˭֪½¹ı£ٶˡɩӼЦѽҡ˫ֳʵǰڹȥϣ񸾵Ķӵ١
ȥ֣Цùҡһ߶ţһߵɩӾܵƷ٣ 

纵ķʣɩϲĺͶӶӣȻˣⳤǰ˵ء
ɩӳɣ ô˵ҲƷԼҪ纷ǵûЦĸºˣĲ˵õƷ١

ɩ̰Ŀ£纺ЦһݣƷٻӣƷ׼Ǯ 
ɩһ㶣Ȼû뵽纾Ȼ֪ǻǮٵ顣
ǵԴ飬Ƣºͣƶ纻ź͹˲֣֮ŵЦ֣֮ҶһƷ٣ֵ̧̧¶̸ӣ˸鰡

˸飿Цͬûи飬Ǿɡһתĵˣȥþúò¡
ɩӱȥʱһҡѩУֱǰߵһš

֪˶ãǰû纵Ӱʱ˲ŴԾ
ʧǵļ𱻲ȽѩĽҡȥׯժʱ֧ҡ
ʱĵЦ⣬糺Ŀ˵Ժ궼ׯժѡ 
ʱЦԣȳ׺ԺΪһѼܡɺأ
ѻе½´˻½¸Ůľ֮ȥԼΪ˶ػ½µŵԣ˺纵顣
ʼգһƫûضŵԣ

˲սеĽҡοյĲҡģ˿˿ʹԹ纺Ҫݷһжܣ

׵Խ࣬ںޱҲԽࡣ
˲۵ۼ̧ͷ뿪ķ򣬻̧֣·ڸո 

Ӳ鵽ӵϢˡ˲̴ǰСڸȪׯϡ
˲˫һݣȥץ
ϧȥһŶʱȪɽׯȥ¥ա

˲ɫķԸ̴ӣ˷ɽ·ŲԱ
ȥɽ÷纣˲ɫĸ˹ȥ֪ͨСӣȴڼ˵Ӱʱ絶ʰסŲ

˲鿴źమ纣һۿ
ÿһЦʱߵʼǱˡ
ˡ
ְƳȥ

˲ʺ޵ķʱȻ纸߸ƳĿ⡣һ㶣ӻûӦŲѾĳ߽

纡ɤ˻Ƶĵڸ鵽ӵټСġ
֪ˡ纵ڣĮĿڡ 
˲ʮָս˵ʲô纱ɫУȴձת÷ȥ

ȵȡ
纵˲ɫϲĻͷȴһ߰÷һĵĿڣԺʲô£ͬ㱨
˲µı첻Ϊ纣ܾһ¡

˲ʶվԵ£۵һ˿ѿ
ǰݱ»Ҫ߹󼸷֡ȴΪ½£Լزվǰ

ֽ̧纵£ƫͷĵʹ˲飺㻹кҪ
˲齩ԭأµķʣðβҡͷ

ɨһۣǣ÷ߣ治ȫһׯӡ
纵˵ͷװ÷ʣЩ÷⹻ô
ˣǹ껹ԣǡ

˴ŻӰԽԽԶ˲ɫްվԭأصĶԻЯֶеӰͫɺ죬ҪγѪᡣ

纺»صׯͳΧС¯ԡ
˻ЦĶҡҡ֣Ƕ˱㲻ˣԭǱܿ͵͵ȥĻˡ
ü粻֪˭ҪųһȥȪ񵹹Ǳܿˣ

һ죺һ𣬷ǷغŮصġ
˵ϳҹһ˲ˣЩɬİͷ£רĿԡ
ͷȥֻܿͷķ䴽Ŀȵݵǰ

纼״ЩԵĶ¼˼۾ͷȴԷһѡ 
Ц££ǵˣ˲ڸ鵽Ѱ䣬СЩ

Ǹҳ֣Ҷж˿顣ŭ
ɨһۣϻմ棬Щ۵ջĿ⣬ĳ˵Ѱ˹ƶˣˣ㻹ǶԶЩźá

ǾҶѰˣġ
纵ͷȻܣְҲǵѰԿˣ˵ˣѰóݣһݳ˭ģ֮䣬⻰ˣģϳ˯ˣ㱨ΰ죿

ҡѰĺֶΣЩµĶ˶塣
Ī¡翪ڵ¹ٻ
л㡣жͳ񽻻ʱϺȻһѣ۵ֱУ㣬ʲô
ǲѰٰġ纻䣬ȥׯ˶ϲһУɣȥׯˡ 
Ļ䣬ͱݺһѡʹ۵׸һĨ絹Ȼջ֣ȥന

ĪֻǰճķԸǷˣƤ߶ѡ
վͣȴºЦ⧲ֹȥųݺݾһѣʹĳҽһ  




52.     

İ, ŻׯϵūͶһһ飬δֿ֮ˡһֱɽ֮·Ĺ˲飬Ҳδɽ

˲Ŀɽ, ٻ׹ɽ϶Ȫׯ, ӾͲĳׯ
뵽˴, ˲ɫĶ̴ӵ˰ɽĳڣȥ֪ͨ
˵ȥ֪ͨ漴纲Ը, һ, űɽȥ

Ըһܳɹץס, ñã˲̴ӣ̲סԵͬ 
ǶǸ˲ĽʿսݵĹ˲, ټǿģꡣ

ͬĻ, ˳ɵǣı֮, ʴ, ɽ»ùѫĻ𣿡
ǰ˭뵽սǸˣ½ҽȻǸ
ЩԻ˳ŷ紫˲УĿƵۣһʶ˲壬˵ز

˲ɽӿܲׯϢ, ֪¡
³Ƭ̣Ե̴ӵ˰Ұĸ֪ˣ˵ϲ鷴Ϣ, ذׯϵˣͣϲ顭
̴뿪ʱ򣬹˲ɫްĶ£Թô

¶˻Цˡ
бɨŹ˲飬߸һĨ̵Ц˲飬㵱˶һǸĺΪ˳ȫԼŵԣȥ˺׽֮ˣ

⻰Ǵž綾˲Ŀڣ۵΢

Һţһίġ¸߸ϵŹ˲飬еĶռӰ̹ȥ

˲鲻֪Լ߳ӵģµĻʹŭȴ๵ʸûС
Ǹʼĸĺʹδ½£½µİУʵʵڵġǰ纵棬½§ֱһеһУ˷̺ġ

˲߬ȭͷʧǳׯߵʱ򣬺ȻƳ纴Űɴĺɫ
纡
˲ĿⶨĨӰϧ˼ĺˣδۿޱĴŰԽǰȥ

ʱ򣬹˲ֱվԭأֱĽŲ߽ڣͬºЦ˵ʱŻɫȻĳȥ 

ͬʱڰе½ɫĶӣѵҪȵ뿪ׯӣ
ɽ·ˣ˴ѲɽϵׯӡǱˣΣյġ

Ŀ⺬ЦĿ½£ɤǳĵܰȫΪרΪ׼ġ
ң½˲䱸ʲô

纰滻Ŀ˵
ԽԽˣٵȥԼ춼ˡ

ӷĿڣͣģ½üͷšһ
˵ڣˡ½ЩĿڡ
κ˶֪ӵ״ֹۣܾ滻
ο˫ֱϣҲ滻

½ûҸӣɡ˵Ϊ֪˵ӻɱ
ǲ˵ӵҲŲһˡһµһɱ

뵽½ҧƴˣҿ԰滻ðѼװװ

ɨȥ½±۵׵ɱųһ亹԰׵Ĵ򶨵˵鷳Ϊ˳ȥҪһֲС

װҽҲ֣ѧϰִٷṹ˽⡣ 
ǰѼװװָװͬһΪ滻
һɹİаٷ֮ʮҲƴһƴˡ 

˵͵͵Ŀãȥװס
ȥʱ½ºȻ˵ڳȥΣգ˶ڲϴ.Ƥߵˡ
쳣ݵ˵.Ƥαװɱˣļ̫ˡ

Ŀɨһۣзִ磬ðؼĴ䰵
⻰ӷԸ½¶
κ˶ϧΪҪЦۿЩȫǧУ 

纵Ȫɽׯڵĳͷڣ¹סǽںȻѿ
һĨݵӰ԰߳ƽ̹ǽһ£ʱ¹Ҳ󻬣ڵס˰ڡ

ʱſڴѾߵС㣬岻Ϣ
Ѿסǰдനĳʱڵ̧ȡϵˣƤߣ¶ıĿ
һԼ˭Ҳ벻ȻһֱˣƤαװġòǸΪಡСﳤĴന

ˣƤ߲еʱ򣬻ºѾߵúչ˱磬ҹˣȥСЩԵġ

Ҫת뿪ʱյĴźȻ򿪡Ťͷനֻһѣɫ԰׵Ŀſڡ 

ӣܴ硣
Ѿŵĳݣϵĺȡ£ϡҰɫĺӳԽ԰ףɫࡣ

ǵ磬㻹Ǵаɡ˽ķ
ŵůˣǺõһ磬ȥˡ

޷ന£ŴЦãҲȥ͸͸硣
˫ų˹ңĺÿġ
͵͵ϲãóɫʱЩﻰãֳӦġ

Ļനɫһ漴Цɤº͵ĵòõҵ壬СɽΪβ

ȭִĿ˼ɤ˵ʵ̫䣬̫ˡҵûмҽڲ࣬ǻˡ

̧ͷԶա
԰׵ĴϸһĨЦ½ҪװףðĽ 

װɽʱѾǵڶʱ
നҹҹ磬ڴϻ˯ 
ͳ籾ͬװһݣȴѾ⣺°Ѳңֻūݣλ¡

ɫǵڣ˵Ǳʲô£ǵ֪ͨǡ
ѾӦʱ򣬼װѾҩĹ磬നĲǰ

നɫĿڲϣ̾˿
λ޹ӵķβصʶ˥ˣҩĵֻȥ

Ҳû취κĲ
ҽģװܶӳһҲһ¡
֪നķβǹҩڸಡļװڴǰനʱڲϵĴനٿȻ̧ϮĲװֻһۣһ룬˹ȥ
װױصʱһ.Ƥαװɼװ׵ˣӰг˼װ׵ݡ




53.     


˭Ҳ֪з, ֱʱ󣬷Ųű򿪡
αװɼװ׵ˣҽҩ߳, Ͻӭȥ, ѯʣôˣ򣿡

Щ, þСټװ׿ڡ
ӻ˲پͨݺͱʿǴλСͼװһģһ

ԽӴĳδֲԾĵط
Ƴ, Խ, ԼƼനڴϵӰ

, ⼸úˡʲôҪǵøҡῪڡ
÷ġ
ڴനºƵڵסȴһĨܵЦ, Ȭˡ

Ըɡ
̾˿നεѪ, Ȭ, ҲǼ¡
ڼټװȥനҩʱ, ͳתȥ

˸תȣͼ´ŻɫҴҵĳߡ
һعһ߿첽ߣһ˵ҵںɽµСΧӵѾӻ˾º̫Ӷ֡ұ·, ȥº̫ӵ¡

ɫ䣬´󲽳ߵʱǵǹߣ 
ڴ˴ػ¼ٵӵĿǱº̫, ֮Ǹϻؾбǡ

ѾŻؾ֪ͨ¡̫ɱ¡
սƻó.ƤαװԼµȪɽׯϢֻϢѾǱ뾩ǣһǱڰԻλ
˭Ҳû뵽ֻӵĵɽ֮ƣĿׯ纡

ڷеӵ֪ºͳɽȥʱиһĨЦ⡣
Ѿ£ÿʼˡ

㣬˵һܳɹץסѰ𣿡ڻ¯Եµʡ
϶ܣƶ
̧ͷŴ⣬Ŀɨľ֪ΪΣֲ̤ʵĸо

Ȼ߳ȥΪ׵Ľʿ˵ȥ֪ͨׯ˼ңǼḮ˺ͻڸѲߣȷɽϵİȫ
ǡʿȥ
ͳһۣϵı鶼ء

ǵģѰɽϣѯʡ
纵Էһ 
δѣܱʲôȽϺá

Ǵ
һߣڴϺҩ纵ľٶϸһĨǳЦ⡣
ǻҪ𣿡½Сʵµ뿪ˣɽϵرҲԽԽɭˡ

ʲôбһۣЩͰźˡ 
ʹ纱дҲµľ˭뵽Ӻǰôനݣӽߣ纵Σ
˵Ҫɱʵۺ̫ӵ£ųϢѡн䱸ɭϣûȫ֮ߣ³ç¡

뵽˴Цſ½£ Ҽǵ˵ֻҪʱ
ԡ
һ뵽ԼȡǼ˵࣬½¾˷ܵĻ
ܾĿǣֻҪˣҰģһжܳɹ

һߣ˵ľĹ˰աڵʱ鲻ûзɣø
㣬ϻͬ˯ɡذײ䣬ּԼޣһṦܱ㡣
㣬гҲͬһ˯纷ǳΣʶĿڣֽҪͷǻǾһȽϰȫ

ЪϢʱͬһ㣬λȵӲ赹һ纡
ɽׯһֱŵů˺׿ڸ˯ǰһӲɵϰߡ
Ҳû룬ҪȥӲʱ򣬺Ȼסȵȡ
纲£Ҩ˵̽ûڣŷ˵ûȰɡ
ܵ˵ӽʼĳʳӶһһ

㵹ԽԽˡ͵ĿŽӲ辡ȥ
֪˵һһȫս۵ס

Ǿ
Ӻ͵İ˱ɫĿǽϣԼ½˵˵İҩã
Ȼãɫζ޶˳˻᳹׻˯ȥ
ҩ½ĵ׵ĲС
ִҽѧоҩɱЩŴҩöˣɱˣܰߣȫõļС

ҩˮ׼ȫٹʱׯȫᱻҩŵ
ȻʱҪŪѣҩۿԼƶǣԼȡ࡭뵽纻ᱻ½µŤ

һԱסļװ׿ȹֲ½£︡ľ֡
ô
Ϊ½ºıǱƭġֱһ̣ףԼû˽½¡
Ǹʦãԭݶɭˡ

ʦ֣¡ ½ºЦߵװǰָЦ˵ֻҪԹʦͲ
֪װײԼİţӰ˼ҽв
Ϊ˸׵İȫװֻйԹԾͷ

ҹˣׯϵˣ½Ƶǰ㣬ȫ˹ȥ½˰纴ʱ򣬻̧Լͷױݡ
ÿ纵ʱЩԱ
ֻǸС˵еȴǸݸ߹Ĺÿһ线񣬶ŨŨӺͱġ
Ů䵽Լϣ½ѾȲ뿴纹ǰʹˡ

̹ǵˮϣ۵ʱ򣬱½ɭ
ͫһ½£Ȼ㡣
벻ɣ㾹Ȼҵϡ½ŵЦлص̶ĺܣǲǺ⣿ҲûһֱȪׯ
һңסļװ׺ڲԶĴനʱͫһന½һģ

òѰϲˡ̴һЦɹ纱ɫ 
ôѰҷ˼ׯˣ˴.ƤǱׯ纵ЩңǴന

֪ұĿѰĻ纺½µ˶ŵĵɴ˫ۣ˭Ҳû뵽ӾȻصô

Ѱ
纲Ķ׶˵ЩǲţôܣѰСųģ.ƤߣҲܴС.ƤߴСڹС 

ʲôܡѰһ
ߵǰ̬º͵ʯϣനʱͬҳЩʮұݡ.Ƥߣ˵ĲСұ.ƤߣڹС
˵ҲǷ̣ƽԼʾˣҪԼʱȴֻܽôനݣܵƬң





54.     

Ŀⶨ, ͨĵƹƼϵϸСòɫ԰ף촽, Ǵ.Ƥߡ
ü, һ, ʵһֱƿ֮Сıٵ½µ˫ʱˣһֱϹ

Ѱ½µ£Ҳ֮Сׯ, ʵҲ߳ն, ץѰ
Щ, ҲֻȷǲѰˣɿû뵽Ѱıı󣬾Ȼǣôı

ѰΪʲôҪ
еɻȴԽԽ˵, Сı

ⲻ԰Ļ
ʮͯ, ı, Ȼʼ߻һ, 츳Ҳһ
Ǿֻһܡ

㲻ҸʵĺӣĿĶѰǽĺӣô븴𣡡
ʺͽλܣųնʱиֵ, ѰǸӣ
۾ȻסһƬ谵УѰЦ,  
Ǵǰִδѵĸɾģǧ侲

ǰȪׯϣɱʺϲˡ
ḧ纾µüۣĿĶԼסİ֪ôҴСڳСҵǸңɱȫҡҵĸױҵľ

纸ʲȻʳ谮̫ӣȴѺĸܳ裬ɱ㣬̫ӡϧȻ̫ӣ纸ʣű
ΨһҴѰʱãƺ͹иճĻӵһֱڹС 

֪ÿһƼ̫ӱʳ谮һڵģұ룬һҪֽһС

ϻôʲôȫµ½£Щ²ȤֻŪ纡
½°еݸѰΪ˱ҹζ࣬ұ뾡С
½µɨֻҪ໻㣬ܻЦĿӣѵͲ

Ӵеҩ
һŵĿܣ½¸Լлǣȴݲɡ

֮ضԼѡĳ·
˫һ˿㣬ַ̧ʱĿĶ½£ˣҲ
½ʮָ£漴ƶһЦģ϶û⡣
ŮǣҪվߡҰ֪ľ飬ӵಡҲȷʵκˡ
½¶һĨЦɨ纣ϧûʸƵ衭ٿȻޱȣһܾĥ
½¶ž㵽ʱ̣ɴݵ纣Цĵ⣺ĿڣҵҪǲǻô򶨣

ΪҪֳ֤޾ʿ˵ͨȺ
½¸װɰ󣬴Ůʰ㷢ʩڰҵҪ纵ĿڡװУŵһ
Ϣ
½꣬ЩŴû棬ܱŵ
ޱȵʱǰһĿڴһʹ
½µͷŲؿڵŵĵżװף㾹ȻҰңͲɱ
Ļû˵꣬ͱԷ̧˳ȥ顯ǽϣ³һѪ

żװȡߣ¶һŶN޵ʱͫһ¡
ǻؾôαװɼװףڰ
ѵ½ºȻӦָ纵һжǵı

ꡣ
纽ַڴߣӸµۻѪ½£Ǳһù
ɨ۳˯ȥ°ӣ¶һĨ΢ЦűץסѰҲˡ 

һ½˲͵ɽׯϣͨɩĥʱֱɩýҡ̴
˿ڷף»ԡΪ˸򣬺ɩӵ˴ʱƵͷǽϵĻأŷܵϱӾܵĥͿѣȴץסӺ½µ
ǱӦˬ

½ĿĶ纣С纵ֶΣû뵽īȻԺͼı

½¶ιҩȴðڵأڵصҩ裬½︡һĨŨҵĺ⡣
ΪץסҺӣǾͰȫˣ½·Ĵӵҧгݵĵ纣ˣŵĶӵʿȥһ˵ţЦֻҪŹңҾͰʿ׷ɱ

ʱ򣬶вԼ
һЦأϲһԲԲ
ŵĴͳϵˮЩʿͱˡ

½ͫһͷ۲Ŀڵû࣬ɡ
ʵڲģȥ

½ĿⷢݵĶŸ߸ϵ纣ϺȻ¶һĨЦȻһˣǾʹһ
ȻͳһŻ͵ȼ˹ȥ

Сġ顭
ڻ͵ըͬʱ·ܲİ纻¡ 
̮ʯ䣬º󱳡ƺһİ纻£ΪųһƬȫĵط

¡
ڰﴫ纴ſǻµһֻ֣ôˣ
ϵ֣ҴۿҪڼͷʱºȻЦʲôأ

żͷʯͷУˣѾû֪²֪
ϸĺҵɺáЦûΣҺȻ֡
ȴ֪һƬУ纵һֻѾͷһƬʪѪ
ۿһ죬Ϳ޳:ʲôʱˣ㻹˼˵Ц

˼˵Ц֤û¡ᰲںڰ𣺡õģ˶ãǡںڰеͷôȥ£һỤġ 
ãҲ㡣ڰд纴ſǻ´ߣҴ˺öౣҩһš


ҵǳըɽϵˡ
˲˸ɽ˵纺±ʯ£˲һƬհףȴǱ˺ݺ飬Ѫܵľʹϯʹԡ

纡
˲ȻһͫѪĳǰͽַϵʯͷ
δ纻
֪ʹϢֻһ뷨һҪȳ纣һȥ
ѾʧȥһˣʧȥڶΡ
ͽְǿס纵ʯʮָͷǵѪ졣ǲ֪ʹһ㣬ִĹڷϣһʯͷһ˻ߵĴ纵֡




55.     ˫ϣ޸ģ

˶ǵһμ˲˿־度µģ, һֱһʱҲбݡ
죬ɽϵ˶, һûµġ

Լʱ, ˲ĻӦ
纡
֪, ˲纵ʱжмϲԣš
纱£, Һܿ;˲鷢һῪѹϵʯͷ

Ⱦ¡Ⱦ¡΢Ĺǰʱ, ϲӶȾ¡
˲ʯͷĶһ, Ѿ˳ǰ´ӷо˳
´ʱѾԣ˱Ѫ͸, ǴѪˮ̳һ㡣
ڼװ¼ʱҲ˴ӷо˳

纡
˲ϲĳǰ, 뱧סָȥ, ͱƿ
˲ֱվԭ, ű˷ŵԽײײĳǱ˹ȥһգɫȻĿ纣µĵģʹġ

ôˣ
Ѿû֮ˡװµ˵
󱳶ըˣ򻹱ʯ, Ӳưܵ纳һƬ졣
Яıҩ裬, ֻ´ʱѾܻ췦 

һҹڷڳӵʬס
Լû뵽ƣȴΨû㵽Լᱻ̮ʯ

½µʬףȴɡ 
ˣڷзһͨɽİ½ڱըʱ򣬴ġ

Ŀǰİ۵׸һĨɱ⡣
û뵽ߵ˾Ȼ½£ 

ӳ½£ɱȪɽׯĳһ˼ҵѾߡѾߵʬ嶪˷ĵؽ.ƤαװѾߵģʱȺУĿĵĶű纡

͸Լ׼õ·ʵ˽˿סʧܣӵʿҪɱ԰͵͵׼˽˿׺ͻ͵ȴûײȻǾһ

Ҫô˵Ůأôˡ 
ΪֻЩ˻üˣ۶ûļƣŮװս˰˰ٴΡ

½ʱ򣬼һѡ
񣬼һͬɫްѾߣЩ˵˵㻹أǸϽʰ׼ؾ
ק½ת뿪ʱ򣬻ͣ߶ɽϿǻǿؾȽϰȫ
ҲûؾȽϰȫ½ЦӦһ߽ׯӵʱ򣬻عͷȺɭĿһۡ
ţܿͻᱨ 

һѵҲĻ
ƺھյǲҲɢ΢һͬʱִЩµĿʼԲ

Ͼ˭Ҳû뵽Ӳǽ֮󣬻ôനαװԼ
޼Ϊѣ˶ĸҲ.Ƥߵϸ 
αװĳ˼Ѿߵ½£ȻҲⲻ˱顣ȥ
ⳤǽüӵ֣Ǹ̾˭뵽ô֣̾׽ѵ
վڷϵĨӺӰӯĵЩȪɽׯհǺüĸ֡

½ɫĿһжֺˣǱġ
Щڷ⽨ᣬū۵ˣļȨӣȻ޴ĹθСǼˣȻܻЩ˸Ӵŵ˵غͰ
½ȴδ֮ԻľΪҲеƺΣŬһΪΪĳ

ǵѩڻʱ㵽紺ʱڡ
Ȼѩ컹䡣纽еů¯µıѡ

󱳺ͼͷ˺صˣڼ䣬ֻһֱſڴϡһʼѶûںĶգȫů
ҪҪϴůһůµ
ʱѩ׵£ڵĳɢϣӳƯˡ

纾˳ҪˣԼӣԸǵƿů͵Ĳ˿һһĿµʱ򣬵˫ۡ

ôˣܳͬһſϣƫͷЦůһůô
˳ӵģ䴽ЦǹڳҲ࣬ܳ

纺棺ΪΣ
Ц˵Ϊûˡ뱧
ΪԼ˿ڵ纣ŲҲ࣬Цеô

ԡ
Ƽ˵ķ˿һ
ͬᷢΪޣһֱҪģ֣̇˾ķ˿Уô
Ȼʡ

Ȼᡣ纴𣺡Ůڱϣν츳
š°ͷ

кѡ纵˵ͷһ
Ƽӵģкòá

˾ı˱ӣЩҫ˵ƣ˵Ů츳ɣұĻĹɱء
´չȥס
ȵĴУٿȻ˫ۣȴƫͷİ°ʹϡ
°ɫɫ԰׵ķɫӳִǲˣһףҲǿԵġ
ͬһ㣬յſϣůǾͻؾ
һûһͬ˵ŻʱҲõĲˣץסйӦûά㡣

иͬ֡°纷űõıӣϾ
Ҫʲô纺档

Ҫ㡣
µ˫˲İռΣյɫʶ壬ȴԷŲק˻ȥ

𶯡¸Ҵñǣˡ
ſŲˣڵէůܲԹſԼģ䴽
Сɵӡ
ƭ 

ʵ̫ůͣûſһͿʼ
ƫͷµüۣ䵽ֱͦСɵıٵƯĴǰǹζһأʶȥʱ䲻ۡ
ĿԣٿȻĵİ۱ϡһ̣һǡ
§Ĳӣ˳ӻǣºһأ˲ʧأǱüСҰӿаһȼա

ԵʱºȻƿе纣ᴭŵеġ
Ҳ˵Ľչߵͨ죬ǸĹˣΪεһʰ

纺ͷʱǰͬĹ˲顣Ƽģͫһһɱ˵ķŭֱؿڡ
˲˫ɺĳ˹ȥҰް㣬뽫˺飺㾹Ȼƭ¡Ĵгģ˲뽫ʬΣ㣬㽫Ϲգף
±ܿ˲ĹЦͬΣֲ๡

㲻˲׷ᣬ˴һһ̣˲ĳᣬȻȡߡ

ҡ
˲ŭȣȥеĳᣬ²ֱܿӽӽ˻С
ȼյĻ˲佫ȼ˲ȥᣬȴȼյĻˣֻųᱻջ١

£
˲Ŀѣ纵»֮ҹ͸ĳᣬȴˡ
 
˲͵ȡеĳϮȥк˹ʮУκ˲ýն˵ͬʱһڹ˲ؿڣ˽ƺ˼

˲סŲһתֱָ´ʺĿĶ£ҵĳᣬ㾹Ȼһ 
ΡЦ ͬ׽ʹᱻһǰɣɭĶŹ˲飬Цݷ̣ĶӵС˲飬òΪµ㻹
˲һʹǲ䣬ôģŴǰֻͶ˵Ļ



Ȫ纵֪˲´ʱ򣬼ҴҸϵߡ
Ƽ˲ýָ£ֱۻһѪĽˣ˲ŭ˲飬£ˣ
ɫ纣˲ĿһʹǱѪܵ˺һ㡣
纣ҽ͡˲ʶͣȴ纷һƣˣѹ˲ץ

˲Χסʱ纷³ߣմȪŵѣɢƯĲϻĺۡ
һĻ˲۵ף裬ȭͷһɨ۶ʺ޷Ĺ˲飬һǰģĿ纣ùˡ
˿ڿ϶ۡȦĿʾƭע£˲ˡ
ôĹأ
£ҷҲһơȴ˵һôƣơ
Ŀŵƫù˲İʹ纡ܶ飬ᰮȴҲһм

˲ʮָ˫ʹ纡
ʱʹѹǰ͸˵ֱ΢ֻԼϵʱŻᶮãǰ½µƫ̻Ͱж֡

˲Σûλáʹͻںޣ˵ֵһᡣ 

˽˲˳ȥڼװ׸´첲ϵĽʱ
ºȻ̧ͷЦЩڿʣܷȥΪһ

ߣԼˣѹ
á֪⣬Ȧͷ¶İ⣬Ӧܡ

ߺüװ˿ڡ
˲һǴɱġ˿ǣɺѪⷭ

˵ôأװü
ЩŪµڹ֮ǰ˿ڡ
 

ѶƼģ
Щε̾һȻ˴侲ִϻ۵ĳ㣬ÿÿ飬СްƵá

Ժɲִܱˡ
ģ纶ȥУòĳʱüĳ˹ȥôˣе´ô
ӵʬףǳͻؾġΪﷱæûȪɽׯ
ʻ䣬Ȼŵϴһɽҩζŵˣô

ްοֻ׷ʱ˵ˡ
㶼ˣĻҪߣӦúú˵İ۵ɤſǻ
קų糯ߣװףװף翴ˡ


ůʱ纵̻ؾʱµˣѾһ롣

Ȫɽׯ뾩Զһձɵִ纵µ壬ԸǰУղŵִﾩ

޵纰Ѿûϸˡʵ۴ӰУ֪Щȫȫչ£ðݡ
Ҳδлװ±ӡ̫Ҳꡣ
Сǳļ⣬谮ų󡣿ܵܣѾ¶ûƼˡ
ʵۺ̫Ӷһۣжζ

¸յң±๫ӣ˵ⶼڼ䣬ѻģ·Ըˣڿꡣ


˵ûպũɣ䣬ǳء
ĻϣһڹŮۼһ̸۵ȫũɣ¡

ͬλáũɣһգɷȥݼͬϵȽϵһλŮ󣺡ĺóݳ

Ƕ˵֣̫ƽ˷ҵĹ¡ 
˵ǰʱգͬ׽÷ӵ¼ǴСﶼЩŮȥʱΪȡһ᷿Ӣ¼Ǵ֡ 
ǲܿԶԶİһҲСһŮ˵
αװѾߣվͤźЩŮ½ԣг˲мŭ
һȺټֵʲôóݵģ
սϾ˵飬ĲЩ˵̣ⶨȻ˳˵

ũɣǰɣ
½۵׸һĨĺ⣬Ǳĺûᡣ
ֻҪһϱҲûĽŲ

ũɣһգʵۿŴɾŮģ纣ɫο̧纵ͷһգۣ޵ѾɳΪܶһˡ

źͻʺƵӣʵЩɬ룬ǻʺ֪Щ꾭飬Ȼۡ
ǿԣϣ纻ǸǵĹɳͳ

ũɣϣŮ纣ڼ̨裬·˳̩񰲡

ǳֱŮ·һ
ͳվһĹŮǣȫһ޵ż̨纣ɡ 
ǳ˫ȫžޣŮӵĴ

ٹվڼ̨µ£ĿҲͬ纡Ĺվߴ˵ϲ㽡

αװѾߵ½¼ȺĿ⼵ʵĶ纡
ƾʲôŮˣվҫ۵ĵطĤݣ

ũɣӦǻʺ֣纴ĻǵƻŮ⻷վ̨ϵӦ
Щӣ½ʱμһЩ顣
纴ʱѾˡҲ͸˲ɱӣǻΪۣȫ¸̵Ļʺ

纣ƻһС
½۵ױŷŨɱ⣬ձ纵ڡ

纴Ӽ̨֮ʱһڹŮΧ˹ȥЩŮӴ纣ȫ˷ܵͨ죬˫۷Ź⡣

һŮȻе纻סǡ
ŮĽ¡λŮɬڣְĽϲһӸ⣬ŮӶеԼϲͳݣΪ纻еģ

ŮҲĽ¡һŮʾİ纻˼״Ҳ׷Ч£ȫ纻һ纱㱻û

ƼûǾܻӭˡЩӰڹǰʲôǡ
űǹ°纣гԱ꿪ڡ
Ժ±ͱж㡣

˳ޱж纣һڹŮȥԲ衣
˭֪һ룬ȻˮŨ̹ɢ
Ҽ䣬纲Σտʶֱȴһʹһ˺ȻԹȥ




56.     

ٴʱ, Լڱĵذϡ
ŴӵȴֻѡԼƱյ̸Ц, ͷǰװʮݻ᷿, ڵİ͸ɫ߶Щ졣 

ǡ¥!!!
Ȼһ, ½ͬʱ̿Ͱܣ˲Ϊ˾½£ý¥ˤȥĻ档

һ, ӵ, ȴԼȫ, Ҳѡȥƣɵ嵽ؿʱȻһ, ³һѪ 

ˣо, ûκνҩͷԽ⿪Ů
纷ƫͷ, ȥ
½ɫֵһϮµĹ˲黳, ߵһ˲䣬˲︡һĨŭѿ

ռ룬ڴб°ߡ
½.Ƥߣαװ纵ģӽ˲飬ע, Ҳ¥ 
˲ʱͬһȫֻ½Ū

ǲǺ֪ΪʲôҪһŪط½бڹ˲, ˿Ź˲鿡㲻Ϊұúÿôֳؤģ

ң
˲ŭڣȴϢơ 
ҵȻҡ½Цһ󿪿ڣɡ Ļһؤ˳ۣ¶ֺϻŧ

˲ͫ׾һ纺µģȡ½¡
ޱȵſԼǰӲд纣ЦĲ񣺡Ϊ׼ˣôǲǺϲ

ɱ纣ֻʹ졣
ôȥҪ纱ģ֪ʲô
Ȼ纱ʱšֺͽţͷʹĻϡ

ϧû磬Ļֱֳ纱ؤ.Ļ档
¼ʱʱ̶̿纵ͷ۾úÿԼôؤǿϵġ 

ĿĵĿ½Ϊ˷ܵ⣬ԵŤЦ
½ΪԼΪΪ
ҩЧʱȻѪҲеЧȻҩЧδȫʧҲָһЩڵȣһ԰½һסĻᡣ 

һ½ҲͬķԸѣ˫ȡ
ֻһ½ֶθ̺ҵĵòؤ纡
ɥĲİ˹˲飬ۿԼŮˣ˱ĥġ
ɱģȻ˲鲻Ҫù˲ÿһĻ

½£ס֣һɱ㡣˲˫ɺĿڡ
ɱң½ЦĿ壺֪㱾ӦðңΪɱӣǻΪۣΪġ㻹Ϊɱ纵ģ
ں˵ʲô˲½Ƿˣô˵˲Ļ

һʼȢ½£ֻΪǷ½½սϾۻУŻ½±ֳʱ򣬴ӦȢΪ檡
һжǼٵģ½ƭ
һֱ纣ôΪ½Ыˣɱ纣
ΪɱӵǻΪУΪЦ

ڹ˲鿴һĿУһ½ƺҲǰ顣

ΪʲôҪң½Щ˵ô㣬Ϊô飬ȴֻ纡
˲½Ψһİˣù˲Щ̰ͼòɫ.ǲͬ
Ϊ󽫾Ĺ˲ǸȻĵӢۣһʼֻݾӽ˲顣
ɵ˲սĹʿʿսʱɽӵӢ䣬㱻ᵶĿһе

ϣû˲صӢۡ
˵£˲ӶģиǻϲԽù˲Ǹ˾ӡ
ϲֱˣıԣĻǵĽӽ˲飬Ŀľǳɹշ˲ģΪӢΨһŮˡ

㶼ΪҺ纾ˣΪʲôȻˣ½۵׸һĨŭ
ӵй˲飬ĸԸĳΪԼгһжƻˣȻù˲鰮ԼֻһС
½µòĶκ˶õ뵽½µޱȵЦ
÷ɻȾָ˳Ź˲ӲʵŻ¡ûа飬ҪҲһġ

Ц̧ͷڹ˲Ʊһ£ɤˣȽ纣ұ㳢ҵζ
㲻ɱҡ˲ŭڣ½¸ĵطǱĶĶ߻һ㣬¡

Թ˲ĵĿ⣬½ĿںȻһŭȻԼ½̧ܻ˹˲һ⡣

վĿĶ纣עˡ
˲鲻
Ҫι纳ҩ۶纵Ĺ˲ۿţǸ߲ʵĳη.飬βҪؤ.ġ
Ҫ纳Ϊ˶Ůˣ뷨г죬˷ܵͫ׷졣

½Цȥ纵죬ǿаҩιʱڵϰ纺Ȼ½ѹڵϣĲӣǿҩ½ǿ˽ȥ

㡭
û뵽纶ܷ
һ뵽Լµʲôҩ½¾ֵȥɤ۶ȴ޼£彥ȣ˶

־ܣȴקͷ˻ȥˤڵصʱ纳ϵĲݺû½µͷͷʹѪ˳½¶纵ôʹιȥڵϣ޻֮ 

һУΪҩЧδɢЩε纣½ƿҩ裬ؤǰĿĵȫˣɱ㡭
ҳԣҳԡؤ纺ײе˵æҩƿ
ƿҩʱ½¿־ͫһ纣Ҫɱ㡣

ͷֱŲݺһ£½£˱ôѵôѧأ
纾Ӹµڵϵ½£һƷ˿ӡռʱĻӳ˿ѪŰǼϲֶΣӱϣ

ؤ½˹ȥ˺ϵʱ½︡һĨ
ϧ;ûãעΪԼµĶ򵥡

ɫ۱ؤ½£ҡҡλεߵٽֵĻϣϵźŵڿС
öɫ̻ڿըʱ˿˲ĵϡ
˲ɫӵϣǵ谵ƻӳסϸӰֱһ̣ŷ֣Լƺδ˽纡





57.     

죡
ļٵĴű¥, ԴʧٺһȫѲ纵䡣
ò纵䣬º޲Լ˳, ˲ɵߡ

¥, һס½µ, ʱоԼҪһ㣬ܣ̧ͷ򵥵Ķˡ
ͷڻϱĿϢ, ûƼؤ.½ýһ, ͷϰķݺݴС
Ĵ̹ǵʹ, ½˲ѡſԼϿؤ½ĿȻֲ
Ҫɱ纣ɱһеļˡ
½ĿɺĶſڻϵ, зӿŭԹޡ
½һƿԼϵؤŷĿڴȥ

Сġ
˲ǿгЧ, ܲĳ˹ȥ

ͣ
ķ˲, ƺһ, һ˿Ѫ
ͷԼڻе纣ĿŽٺңû¡

˲黤ס纵ľٶʹ½µ˫ۣҪɱǣ ĳ˹ȥ
Ȼ˲Ҫ纣ǾͰǶɱˡ½һ˻!  

ݡ
һֻʸȻƿգֱֱ͸Ŀڡ
Ѫɽ, ½ȻֹŵĿϵֽǣֳֹ¡

ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô
Ů, ΪʲôЩϣ
纣ƻһУ͵˻ʺˡ

½³¥ˤȥʱ򣬺Ȼק纵䣬ݵһ¥ˤȥҲҪᣡ

纡
˲Ŀѵ˹ȥץס纵ֱۡ
Ҳµġ
Ŀɺִŵ纣һֱק纵½⻰ȻЦǾʹһ
һֻ֣ѹ˲ҲקȥڴʱܲסĻȺȻѣꡱУͬʱ¥ˤȥ
½ɭϸһĨԵЦһҲ׬
Цܿ콩ϡ
Ϊϵ·𣬺ԣſ˫ۣס˴Ӱ׹纡
纰Ȼ»ʱ˲һϲֻҪȫˡΪ˲纣ɿקס纵֣Լˤȥ

顱
˲½ͬʱڵϣѪֱ½¶вʡ

˰ůĻе纣˫۷ֽӵס£ˡ
ǳĴ»ڵϣɤ˵ǳˡ

֪纴¥ˤʱжྪ֡
£Լһ
ͬһǰ㣬βҪĳɱȥȴһֻʹĵѪС
ҺáҺãһסס

½ס纣ɺ졣
һ񰡣¾ȴִִźᡣкȻһ£һ¥ˤǰƺƼһĨֻʶĺӰ

ĨģӰǰغϣһӿȵؿڣʹ񵰿ĳһƼܷĿǣһǰסǰˡ  
£ȢҺòã 

˫·һ˲ʧǰֻжЦŵСˡȢȢ
û֪仰һ̣ж 

ȫصУ纱ȥ󸸻ּͻ顣
ʵۿŽǣˣеζνζӳ¡
ܹ˺ȴӵаһ˵οͬʱмֲᡣ
纣ּΪ˸ΪŮٳּ񡭡

˴ͻ󣬻ʵ۽µ
ģԶعùκί˺ʵۻδڣѾǰطĵ

ʵ·һΣ޲Իʵ۵㣬һ׵㡣
𼴽Ҫ޳ȥ纣ʵ۲Щѻ޴СǻﳤŮ޲κһίĿĶ£ʱأһ㲻κ˺ί 
ʵ۶˶٣ֵƱľĺͰһգ֮ĸ鱻ʱ嵭˰ɫ˼ϣҲҪ˺

**
߳鷿ʱʵƼȺſڵЦӭȥµĻƼҸЦʱиһĨᡣ

Ÿͬ˵ʲôˣһȥʱ纺Ȼʵ
˵һҲˣҲҪ˺㣬Ȼµİ㻹£
µĻһᣬȦͷɶϻʵ۴ȰĿ⣬վ鷿ſڣĿĶ纻˻֡
ģ纼ҪԶһ㣬Ҳ̲סųȥסʵۣ㲻صŮί
۵ĶԻʵ˵˺ŮŮҲԴеġ
ɵ纡ʵԿЦָ纵ͷȴɿ˺ܶࡣ
ŮɳΪܶһĽŮӢˡ

ʥϸʹͻϢ뷻ʱνͬ졢ձ档
Ҽĵһ仰ЦʶԷ֪ˡ

˸ڣȴһƬƲҵ
Ϊ˲¥ˤԺ󣬱һֱԲѡۼҽʲôܽ˻ѡ

еĹ˲оԼ꣬Ǳĳֲ֪קһʱա
һƬãУ䣬˲鷢Լվ¥ϣǱնɱ˵ĽȴĿڡ
ʹĿУԼ纣ҿȥš

ġ
˲ʹ󺰣ôΪ½ɱ纣
纻Ѫ׹¥ʱ˲ɫѪ˹ȥȴԼ½»˻С

纡˲ʹƿ½£˹ȥ
һ̣ȴȻˡ
˲鷢Լվڻ谵ڣĿУ񣬼һϢڴϣĿԼʲô
纣ܾѲֻñ´ķѪܱסͺӡĹ˲Ϩ
ҵ纣˲ʹô˵

ʱһתڲǰ§½£ľҩһһڵι½
ҪιҪιˣ
ŭĴ󺰣ֹһСȴ޼£ΪƲԼ塣
ֻܱԼϸµչ½£˵һᱣסĺӡ
ֱԺ⴫ɥӣ֪纵ѶʱʹȫѪҺ
˲ɫʹƿе½£ƵóԺȥײײܵǰʱȴڵء
ˤڵصĹ˲̧ͷĿɺڲϣѾʧȥ纣Ѫۿ䡣
纡
ĳȥγϵľʹУǰһ˲仯׹⣬ȫɢڴϵĹ˲Ȼۡ  
ˣߴһϤ˲ƫͷɺͫ׶һϲ

װף
˲ͫһȻסװ׵Ĳӣɫ壺˵˲ѪԱס½¸еĺӣҲŻẦ纡
ʲôѪ챻˲ļװףʹɫǺ죺½²𣿡 
ʲôػ˲סŵĶżװףѯʣ˵½ˣ
ɭɱɺװһ䲻֪ȻӻĹ˲ΪǱһˣʵ˵ˣ½´¥ˤˤˣ

żװ׵Ļ˲һʹǰȻ½ؿм¥ˤȥĻ档
ţǵصĻԺУҲļУԼһҲҵصȥķ
ȻˣȴһԼΪ½¸纣ȴǰ˺纡
˺ѷεʹУ˲鿴Լ볯纵Ǹԭʱ纱Ŀڵ˲飬õĵǸ㲻ǰźء

һжġ
ıһУӵ纵ġ
˲ʹͷǱҰ˺飬ʹѪ졣
һҵ˻صȥķȴ





58.     

ǰϦ, е
ŲõϲĹ̲סСоһ㡣

ôء
ԱߴһЦӯӯ˫һ, Ťͷȥ, վڻȴЦԼ

ࡣĻŭŵĳ˹ȥ, ¼״ſ˫ۣס˳ԼɱС˱˸

ôˣü§Ĳʵ
ҵ¼ѽ
´, ˮ˫, ϵЦԽºͣղ˵һһ, ˣǲǱ̤ʵˣ 

Ц˵࣬Խ, Ź㡣
ƳԱʢĹһЦ, Сѽ, ԽԽˡ

ǣת, ȥôʱû˯
ŽְչʹͼָҪ³ȻӦ纸Ӳȥ

ʲôʶʡ
ûɹףǲ˽ŮӳǰᱻС飬̵֮¡
΢εĽеĶأûʲô, ־ʹҹš

Ƴ͵͵ضЩֵȥصʲô
, Ǵĥ⻬֬ƣԼָƺŲͼ
µĹ߻谵ЩСϸƵʱ纺Ȼȥҡ

˱ʶֻȴûס֬Ƶſڵĺ̺ϣɱкĵƻ

ϸµСˣ˲º纵۾һ죬ϽȥƼ
ǸƣûʲôҪġ˵Ϲ̡

´˿ȫǧϣܵСˡ
ԭϲ淨

ԳվԭأĿⶨĿ纣񣬿ֱӺ쵽Ӹ
ҪôͣԵǸ޹Ůӣ
ĺż 

򴽣ЩɬĿڽͣʵ 
ҿԡºȻڡ


סһ˵ҪʲôƣԡĿƣȫȼĻӡ

˲󵹵ʱϸһֻ§ס˲ײ½ʶȵ
һϳյϢǵصϮ͵ըһƬ̻ͷЩµĿᴭ 

ҲԡͳɳƵɤҹȻȻСƫһһ䣬òҲ

٣С
ûȫ£ͶϷʵۡһɢ̬ȫòЦ

˵ġ
纺Ȼż⣬Ϻܿһ¡תʱȴקŸ첲˻ȥ
µͷȥһǣڡ纺󱳱˵ϣǵ˫ȷֻܽؽάƽ⡣
ֻһǣȴƫƫ˻Ȼձ˱±ߵʱ纺Ȼ𡭡

ҹɫˣֻǾ˯ˡɤ˻ƵĽ͡
ȥĻʧء
֪ʱж༱!

һǻԺﴵ磬˵˵强ɡ纵죬һݣͿƲԼˡ

ԣ汧תԺȥ
ϰϰĿлϺԺĻ㣬һ˵Ƕ侲ࡣ

ɵµһԵǧʱ֬ϵĻ档
ɫһһѹеȡóǰϦһľ

࣬ǰ˼Ľ˭纵Ȼ
»񣺡˼Ľ㡣

֮ˡ纵Ҫˣ֮Ӧѻ˵׾Ư͸ЩţһԺǰ˼ĽŮӳ֣㲻ޣ㵱Σ
ûһǳΨһ

纴̣ܿѹǵЦ⣬һ˵أǸƶʵˡȢұ㲻бˣͬѾߺﶼɡ
£纶˶ֵģ˵ΨһҲҵΨһ
䴽Խ᣺ǹҲˣ
һ죺ˡ

ö˳ŷƮ˳ȥΧǽĹ˲С
ԭҪΨһ
˲ɫվԭأԣˣǰ˺£λڹûĻô

ҲҵΨһΨһôУֻһˣ
˲бֻ纣һģʱ⵹ýֲ˺ٽǸ۶һ

˲飬Ӵ˿ұˡ
кȻ֮ҹɫĻȻȴҪΪ˵ޡӴ˺ͬ˶ĥмӣҲòġ
˲һۿǵ׵ĺɫԨ˱޾ĺڰûǰҲһ⡣

ǺοأվһԵļװЩͬĿŹ˲飺Ϊʦ½°ٰ˺֪ݷһҲӵˡ
졣˲ݺסװ׵ĲӣѪɫ˫ͫйſɲɱ⡣
˷ˣ
Ҫʱ򣬼װ׷ͳݺ˹˲ֱϡ

**

һգµȴฮǰȥӭ纡һͬǰʼãٹٺڵ棬ʽ޽Լ²ܽ¼븮С

ϼ纱ֽ̫УЯ߳ʱһֽĺӰȻɱ纴˹ȥ
ȻȻû뵽ףȻ˸ף
͵طӦ纡˵ڹкһ˲ͷ˺ˣ纣˻Լ

˲ֽǰȴΧס
˲飬Ķɢűɱ⡣
纴֮գȻҴϲףɱͷ֮ޡ

˲ףͬʮָ۵纣Ǳ˺ۡ
֪Ҫףɵۿһʱ˲ɸܵǰδеѹʹսеĽɤɬ纣лͬ˵

纵޻˵ףĶԽ˲ѺΡ
ڽʱ򣬹˲Ȼ֡ʽ壬һһķɳȥڵϡ˹ȥʱȻγĽͬ˲һ
ÿ˲ѪɫĶźὣԼǰ£ΪһռȻ

ԣ΢Уȫɭɱ⡣
üһ˲˼Ҳˣ

Ϲ˲ᶨִŵۣһ
յ˲ߣֻһޣһӮˡ 
˲ͫһȻ뵽һĵ´űð籵½µ¡

㣡
˲ĿĶ£Ƽµʱһ
뵽ģһĻıʧܣʵۺ̫ܰȻȻ纰вݡûǰã纵ŤתǬضҲû˳

һеһУڰвݡ
ΪһıɱӺջǰ֣֮ 




59.     


˲ӿ, гϵն¡
һλ֮һ֮ޣֳ޽֯Ŀ, ʹ, ӳÿһŹɱ, ȥΧĽ޷ס˲顣

һݣӽӭȥײ, ˲˲, һ˲, Ȼǿơ
һˣһ䣡Ȼ¶, йЮ֮ŭ
ǰδеɱֱֱ˲ӹĽ, ؿ˺Ѫˡ

˵, Χһɱѹ, Ľȫס̫Ӻˡ
纼˲鲻Ҫģ»ӽնȥÿһֱҪеĽҪµĿʱ
Ȼŭ纰γĽ˹ȥ˲˺
纷ɹǰ˲ʶеĽ, ȴʽ̫ͣջֱն纡

Сġ 
ͫĳ, ײ˲еĳȻ۶ϡ

ۡ
еĽƿѪ⣬̽˲ͷѪ˳Žе䣬˲鲻ŵ̧ͷŰѽԼͷ纣ɫʹĵ㵱˺ô
ǰ纣ȴΪһ
֪ù˲ѪӿǱһۡ

ɵƽ޲ʱ˲ȻЦãȻɱңұȫ㡣
ᶨǰһۡضһɿֵʱ򣬹˲ȴſ˫۽§ڻ
纣Բ𡣡˻ʹ纶𣺡һҺ㡣
ԼӦõģⶼȡ

һ纴¥ˤԲѣʹ֮£ҹװҽΣò׽纴ӹŹ˻

ΪѾûˣֻҪá
½ĸѲʱ򣬲Ż߷ѪֱŴ¿е֪½¸¶纡
ù˲Ǳ˺һʹȺĿⰧޱȵ纣һܲԭң

˲顭线ڣﲢҪ
纵Ļù˲ͷһʹŴ³һѪ
ΪʲôݱݣΪ⣬Ҳ㲨

ΪҶްҲ޺ޡ纵
һףһףɵʱ΢

˲ͫһôް޺أ
Թ˲鱯룬ŵ˫ۣǣЦҺ£ĵվ޶䡣

ͷɨ˹˲ŵǰѶϽ
һѽĿڡȴնϡۣվԵ¡
ӶЦĻ棬ʹ˹˲˫ۣʮָ£ǰҴҵĴҲ½µƬ֮ʣ㡭
ָ纱üۣɤ˻ƵļѷʣͲԭô

ƫͷ֣ܿ˲飬ǻںãôڴʱ˿̣ ˫ĿĶŹ˲飬Цݷ̣㿴үĻᡣ

˲һĿ׶֮ʹʹֱͦıһ˻صĴ 
纼״˳ǣת뿪
ͬµĴ֮գӦΪ޹ؽҪ˽¡

սµ֣Ǽװɡ
䴽á纵˫紺ˮȾ١

ӱסĹ˲飬ЯߵǰĻ棬ǵصײ˲У̵ۡ

һԣֻµĸüž㱻סɼʯվԭصĹ˲飬г̾˿־ܰɣô֣첻纵ġ

ż̸֮ƶǶ֪˲ֳĻԼӻλ

ȴҲ˵ĳͷɹ˲ȴΪڵ˫ű·ϻε纣˫۷ӿİ
һֱŹ˲ĸһ˲顭
Ļס˲ĽȻ˳ȥǰӰһһ̣ϵѾ˲ߡ 

˲飡
ŭĵµĺ֮еĽݺն˲顣ɲǣǿĽᴩ˲󱳡ɺѪ罦ӿ¡

˺ѱľʹδʹ˲Ӱ˿δͣ١纷ݶߡ˫ɺ׷ȥȴȻֵļס

Լһ֮󣬹˲齫纲һ׼õУԳ
αװ̶ӵСʻǵķʻȥ

˲飬ʲô纷ŭ°ȴԷסһҩ趪ת۾˵ 
ɫŭȥȹ˲İƣȴԷס֣ѹڻС
ȴΪ°ʱ˲ע
忪ȴָʹÿǿʹһֱ֣һʹ

ˡ˲ָ纵õĵ½ǰоɢ˫ҩЧ£˵纴ʱ޻֮

㷽˵ĻҲ˲ɤ˻ƵĵЩȫһ̵Ŀۡ

ҡҡλγǰߣѪ˳Ź˲ؿںͺ󱳵˿µΣܿϵѣѪ͸
ƤȴԽԽȥʱ˲ڶ𣺡ȺúϢһȥһûκʶĵط 

ڹ˲黻װǵʱѾƷˣǵݡ
ˣ
ɫݵ̧ͷ£һҡ
纵ĺѣô˲Ǹף

±ɭУվǰ֮ҵ纵䡣ԽԽˣȻǣ

ӣǱߴϢ˵˿ɳǡ
ɫĴ˸ţסҪ̶ӳǵ
ס³忪ڣسǵĽס

үͨ뺡ͷĳ򣬽׼õͨ뺵ݸ¡
ȴֱԽɫɭ̿˲䣬һŨصѪζ˱Ƕһݡڣʱĳ׳ȥ

ڸ˻ȵĿɭ£Щµ˵ټҿʲôԸ
ʲôˣ
عټң̵̶ӡλƹڳǵʱϵˤȡ
˿ɫ˪ķԸӽտʼرճţֱҵΪֹ

˲°˳飬ʵ۶ʱŭ˼ŶŰΧ
¶⣬Ϊǣ֮Ĵ£ʵϲ飬Ϣκһˡ
ٴѹʱѾȥࡣ

̧ͷܣԼһ䲼ϲĻ鷿ĴŴϲ֣İ˱ϻ֧




60.     ϣ׽棩

Ӻ죿
ɨһȦ, ٿȻӦ͹˲ʱӡ

˲ع˸ˣ
Ӵָճס, ȴĵȥ, ӴϹ, 顯һˤ˵ϡ

ڵĶ棬߽
纷̧ͷĿһ˫ɫѥ, ƼһĨɫ°ڡ
¡
һϲ, ϵϲȴڿ˵ʱʧ
˲飡

ˤô˲, 纴ӵϱ
˫ĵؿڣĿŭĶſҡڵɤδ˵ɳơ

˲鱧ߵ, Ż䴽, , Ǳס

ˡ纺޲õýͱԴ
û衣˲ϸһĨ᣺⽫, ͬס
ҲⲼóǰģǰĴҲĴǰǷ纵Ķ

纾
û뵽˲龹ȻԼ
ͨѹĶŹ˲顣
˲ұˡ

ʮǰ̫ӵʵ۳ʹĹĸһ, ʱ˱Ҫɻ飬ɺͻʣӲ, ĸףʱС
ΪһУ˶ĸز͵ӣĸȴѲ
ʱϱҲǡӣճĹ˲㱻˻ȥ˶Ƴϱһ˫ӣ˲ӳݳ

ʱ˲鲢֪Լݣֱʮǰʵ۵̽ҵ
˵ʵ۴δѰĸӣ֪ĴڣΪ׼ֻҪԸ⣬ʱȥү

һΪ纸ԸĹ֮ıɱӣҲΪ纱

һ˲иϻں޺ʹ࣬е纣֪ңң㣬ǰҶû½¡

ʱ½ȥ밲ˮҲһѹ½£Ҳŵ½һӡ
ȴû룬½½ƽȴ軳С

ػһ˲龹Ȼޱҡ
Һδ½£֪һʱж
ԼЦĹ˲飬ÿÿΪ½£ԼƵٲĵزĸξͳۡ

ϧĽͣ纸ں
纱䳰ߣ˲һʹ纣û
˲ɤ˻Ƶĵ·ֻ˵ж纵ĻںޱһЩ
˲飬ԽԽƲˡ纳˳ǣûϧͬ鶼ġ
纵Ļ˺˲ǲ߲ƿԡ
㷢ֱƭˣˣҵĺƽΪ㷢֣ûһ㣬Ⱞ㡢Ϊã㲻ģѹڡ
ڹ˲ѿıУͣҵԭ£ӵңΪ㷢֣ΨһץҲֻˡ
Ϊ˵鲻ڵģͻ
Ĺ˲ֻøģ

纣˵Ҫô
˱纣˲ĿںѪܵ˺һǡ
㻽ҡüͷһ˵һ֮㣬Ϊ˱ȫ㡣
ʹԼ֮Աǣ͡һĳ޺ᣬ֮䡣

߱ɱ֣ǻΪк˽µӣ֪ǽ֮
Ҳ֪Ӷ纶ɱŹ纡Ϊ֪ϲ纣ңɱ֮ģЦ

ԼҲðı취ɱ纵˱𡣿ûһգӭ纵Ѷ

ֱŴ¿е֪һжǸ˳ӣսϾˣ½Ϊ

˲ûսԼֵκͽ󱳵½¾ȻǸ˴֮ˡ
½µΣ纡˲ĿڽʹĮں޵

纣Բ𣡶Բ𣡡
纣޵ĺͯǰ纴ĥ˺
أӶɾõĸ顣ϧŪ纡

ͬʱֵ¥ڡ
ʧ̫֮λ۫νָڶĺӣͬ
ЦΪĹ࣬ȴ͵͵Ǳץȥʸǰ㻻̫֮λ¶ġ
ף۫ƼһŲ԰׶ȴݵ

׾ٵĶ̫֮λ㲻Լˡµ۫ķ𺣬۫սһ
ĹһûϵϢȻȻˣȻµĵ˺¡

Ϊʧ٣ŵ˷츲صı仯
۫˼Ŀڶ£ϮǱѪȾĺ£ݲ԰׵֮ͬǰĹʱȣ¿νǴӵĶһ㡣

۫ȻЩ̾ĵǲǵĹ˲ʲô
ĻȻֹΪǱָµĽʱѾϡ

״εƽ£±Юֵ۫

ס֡۫ס̧ͷ£ȻЦЦ࣬л
±Уָֻ۫ƽƤЦӣǰһ纣ֻҪµǶ
ĳٿȻջأһת۫еĽСٻʱѾڰǰ

۫˿ϵ˺ۣ˿ǳȴ۵һ
˵࣬лǺú˵ǵö˸鲻ǣ۫տڣͱɭŵİѻ˻ȥ

һ纡
ʧһ£Ⱪģð
۫и̾ʳɻ󣺡Ϊλڣ˵̫èô£
ӡ¶̴

** 

ȵϦƻĹУ˲˫ĶЦ纣ǳ׺òã纵֣һΣֻ㡣ǵûбˡ

ЦҲףֻɱ㡣
ƻԼµĴ飬أô޸
˲˵ִԼףһϵЦҲʧƬֿ̣ɬһЦҲá
ܱȶޣûִڵĺá޿ǱȰ̵һռһĹ⾰ҲǼõġ

纱ױ̨ǰƣǰǴǰϲõġ
Բϵƽͭﵹӳ˵ģۣ˵ʱҿмǰţƺδ

˲飬˼ôЦ
˲侲Ĭ˲һ
Ҹ纣һܸ֮󣬱»֮ҹ͸Լĳᣬ߱ĺǣѰһصȥİ취ʱÿÿƼѾɫĳᣬ˵ĸԼһֱߡ 

纱У˲鱡΢򣺡׺ǱǷˡڸ纴ϣĹǳұ㵱ʺòã
̧ۣ˫ԾжĿִ⳰ˡ
˲ڵһ٣漴µĽ׼õĺͷͷϡ
ǰһĿǰɫĺ졣

˵ҲãֻҪӵ㹻ˡ˲鱧úõá
ճȻֻҶˣģгһգһ˶֪ҵޡ
ڱ纰õʱ˵

纷ŭİͷϹ̶ڵӣݺݴ˲Ŀڡ
һֱɢƵʹκ˵˹˲飿
纣Լ֡˲ͨ죬ɤ˻ƵĵȰݹغ㴦ñá
Ҷġ纷ŭ
˲һϣǰȻƬִ̣һ̣˱һ׼
Ƿŭ̹űǡ
˲δгһգʱܱ΢ˡ
Ѿ߷纺͹˲صʱһС̫ŲҴҵ˹̫ӵ£ˡ 






61.     


С̫Ļù˲ͬʱһ, ˲üܾ۫ʱбʷ
ɴǴűµĿǰġС̫Ļù˲ɫһ
Ȼ̫ӣ۫Żʵۿ, ȴܲ

˲˼Ƭ, Էס纵ĹŮ˵̫طúϢ, ָ׵ȥȥͻء

ģ纵Ҫһ㡣
ۿŻϲ۵Ĺ˲תȥӰû뵽, ˲龹Ȼ̫ӣ
, صĿ湻 

ڹŮ纳ȥʱ, һӻ
Լˣ
꣬ЩװĻɨ, ǰŹ˲̴ӣȻ졣

˫һ䣺ǵĹʿ, ôת۾ͳĻ죿
Ŀ, 䣺Ӿʱ, ҹյŵԣֵսͷ­ѪЩʿĹʤ㱾ǹҵٹ⣬ļ֮ʱ򣬶ҫġ
ڳѵıУ纳һЦȴͨ, ̧ͷΪ˺Ⱦ۵㣡

һְ
ЦЦĶųһѹȣ, ѵҲͬ˲̫һ㣬ĹҪʵۣ 

˲ǰְˡ

ˡ˫ȫǺ㽫Ⱥʿɱˣˡ㡣
˻һ䣬ɫԱ䡣
Ⱥʿǽ䱸Ķų  
ǱǷбͨĳɱǣսеĵһжɱ

ɳȴɫѿĹǹ˲ִıԹ˲ҳ׷˲
纸ղǷȻĵ׶Թ˲ҳϻܱѹ˲顣

纼״һЦ˲˵ǺֶΡ
Ⱥʿӣֺ촽΢̡ǹģͬʱҲףⶫжȻӵϸ

һԼʱб㲻˶֪λ̫ӣĹĴ󽫾аʱֻĳðӿ䶼Թ˲̫Ӳɡ

˲ȻҰ붫Ҫˮ룬ù˲û취̫֮λ
𷽲Ѱ˲Ĵӣ纳˳ǣϣ۫ܺúðᣬܽ˲һ 

ڿѺȺȫעڽ䱸ʱʮӰҹɫǱ빬С
ڹŮתȵʱ֪ĽȺѺ纵Ļڵء

ŮԣҪˣȴϵһߡһ̣һϤůһĻ

¡ɫһϲ 
ȳȥ˵
ҹµ£ŻԾݶߵʱ
һֻʸȻϣץ̿ͣץ̿ͣ  

ץ̿͵ǰʱ˲ںͬ۫˵ԣɫһ䣬纣
ɫתܵʱ۫ȴ̧סʲô㻹ûңôĹ󽫾̫ӵģ


˲һ۫۫һ߶һߴУˣˣץסð̫ӵĹϸ
۫бĻǸ֡һʱ䣬Ȼѹ˲סѲ


˲˫ɺ죬гɱ⡣
һ̣۫ĸ֣һһɳȥڵϡ

˲飬ôĵӡ۫Ļһ٣ΪϹ˲豩ŭ
һ˼
ֱ˲ǰ뿪ʱŷӦһ
ЩˣôһΪ߻ħ˲ˣӣ
˲ϻȥʱͱ纳ɹ

׷˲߬ȭͷɫĵҲҪҳ 
ֻҪһ뵽ʧȥ纣˲Ŀھ˽߬ס۵

Լһ֮£ץһҹºϲŮˡ
纡
˲ɫһϲȥ

󲽸ǰϵϲȴڿʱ˲ʧˣǱ˴λװĳǸչ纵ĹŮ纺ˡ

£
˲һǰӣмĽУ˫ݣҧгݵĵǰĳ𣬳ǧٱ

£빬ǰǸСּ̫Ĺλã빬㡣
˲ɫһвĸо

˲ŲҴҸʹ߽ȥƻԻ͵ĹУһڵЦ
ЦӯӯҲУ֪Ѿáǰɩ˵κãͬ׺󣬱ͻɩԼһߡ

˲ɫ̧ͷѾʹ߹ٷ£ͬʢװڰʳİ
ͫһû뵽Ĵ׷º纾Ȼʹ빬
߬ʮָһŭֱ˲ĿڣҪǡ

̫ˡг۫Ȼ𣬵ڵ˻ȫŴӹſڴĹ˲顣
˲俴£Ŀ⽻㣬һһİɱ֮ڿײ
ս纵֣ռĶù˲ڵ˫˲両ַ֮

Źĳ࣬δɳʽ˲纮˪Ŀڣµ񶼱ǡ
ͬĹϢҲпԭ һֻס纵ļ򣬷ЦĿ

ɱ෽ŻͬϲǮ´óһǮֵݸ˲飺ȻͷӲ࣬Ƿ޶˵⣬ϣҶմմǷ޶˵ϲ
˲鿴ݹĺǮԼ˵Ӱеʮָ߬һĨɱи֡

üͷһ˲һ㣬粻ԸЩ䱸
¾ȳԺҹʹߵݣǸ˲һи׳н

˲鲻̫ô
ǶĹʹǹ˲黹ӲôҲǳصģù˲鷳

뵽üĿ¼ͷֽӹеϲǮλ̫ӣĹλȥķϽ˲ϲǮǱմĻϾǷҪϣײġ

Ƶ۫Ȼһھһһ룬纵Ķ
Ĺ˲ģĸƢ˺ѵľʹ
ʳָ纵ģ̳һĨõЦ⡣ǰС춾ģ 

ǶǶ̫ӲһλԱɫŭĶ纺¡
̧ۣƳɫͬݵʵۣҷ޶˶Թ̫Ӳλ̫ͬĹķϽ˲һģһ

ϾƵĶˣ۫ڣ̫СͲ¶棬ǰȿǶ˵Ѳɻ̫ǸϽ˲ٰģ
ĻϵʵɫһеľƱĿĶ۫Ҫԡ

ʣ̫֮¹غҳ۫Ȼ˵Ҳսϼ˲飬̫ͬȷʵ񡣡
۫Ļõڵٹ٣ɵĿŹ˲顣
½΢ɫȫս۵ףҲ˵̫Ӻ͹˲һģһֻƵһģӿ̳ĳ̶Ȱˡ
ɭ۷Ƶڹ˲ϣǶͬȴͬ˲ȻսʱնɱоսպաȴΪС檹ᷴı֮£ù˼ŶꡣԸҲչϣ˵ϵɱˡ

۫üһһ춾
ûҹЩ󳼣ʱ˲񶼺΢

Ȼ˲һڻɳеٹٸиߣ˭ﲻ֪̫ӾǵйĴ󽫾
˲նɱʿսպʱж˵⣬ⶼʿѳս
˵ǣıһ£塣
ʱʵ۲Ҳ˲ӣǲҲı߱λˣ




62. []    β

ҹ, ˲鲻֪Լô߳ģ
̧ͷĿⶨʮָ۵纣Ŀʹ

˳Ϊ˵, ͬ˶, ĵǲǺܣ
֪ʱߵ˲Ե۫, Ŀɨϴۣ۵׸һĨİĹ⣺˵Ǵǿ纣ǲĶ֣

˲Ķ۫ʲô˼
۫ǰƻԻ͵ĹֻǿҪŮ, ûӵаˡ

װģ̾˿Ƕ˱̻Ĺ, һ, Զʧȥˡ
˲ҧأǰִӶվǰҪ

ҹ紵, ˲ŵƵ졣
۫վԭأŹ˲ؾȻıӰ, , İĹ⡣

, ²Ǹܰ⵹˲İѱôΪνҹ磬óҪʸ£
ĸĻ۫һЦߴߴ磬ɱҪġڽ˲Ĺ˵֤óȻ⵹˹˲飬ȴ޹, ҲΪЦԺ£ᳰЦʶ˲壬ԵйΪ̫, ɶ

۫һ˿ҰģסԸ˾͵˫£ҲҪ̫֮λҪһ֣û³ɭȻɱ⣬ȴĸס 

ڶգˬƣǸس̵ĺӡ
纺¸ճǣͱ˲űס
Ȼеһж޷أǱעһֻ˲ŻԼǸЦ

սеɫսףͬҹվڳǽңģǰ

纷ŭĿ⣬˲
ǰֻԭԼܿġֻܰߡĳ飬ȴһ˫нԽͬʱֽԼŪ˺ۡ

վ˲黹ûס纣ΪҪͷ۫
۫սɳȨԼеĴӡ˲콵̫ӣʵ޶ٸ

οͼµĹĳة࣬սܣͬĹǩ˺ƽ顣
Ϊ˲飬֮ս£һΣ±㲻ǩºƽˡʵ氮ĶӣȴҲýɽЦ

һΣƵĹ˲ʤ㡣
ȵķ紵ͷտƮİơ

˲еĶϽĿᶨĵ纺¸ǰȣ纱ȴ
ֽŶϽϵ·̽ģκĸһ֣纵纡
ֿģ

Сǿ纵Цݳģվǰ纣ԶЦö֮ˣЦĹҲҪĺǻġ
һʮ꣬һͬ͡ѣҲʮꡣ
ǰһ㾡ֻٵ纶ȫȰ˲ʹĶˣĿԽʹɫԽᶨ

纣㲻ߡ
Ƶɤ纶УһĲ
Цɤű䣺˲飬Ϊס 
סҲҪ
˲ŶϽǰŲҪĹ£һϽĹ˲飬չֲֵ纡

бܣ纵ĽѾĿڡɲǣԼĿȥ
ŵĽĿڡƺһеĲ죬ȻЦ

Ȼ㲻ϡҵȻݺݱסļ˲䴩Ķ 
³һѪıסϣҵһۼ 
Ŀڴ˺Ѿʹȴ벻⣬Ϸ¶ȻЦ

һʱ䣬ȥѰһĻᡣүһĻᡣ
ֻҪһ뵽һû纵ĺУںޱȵĶɹ˲ı۵ɪɪ
û纣ܻȥ뿴磬Żʲô˼ظһһں޵ĺֻԺԼʱǲ޺ޣ

Բ𡣡
һ۽ǻ˲ʱ⾲ֹһ̣·Ƽ괺գϲԼЦӵԼУͷͷף˵纣һú㡣
Ǹҹȫ貵ǣҲûٹˣ


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