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ؼ֣ǣ˼˼  ǣ˼꣬𺣣  

һ仰飺ũ¸

⣺Ů˵ǿ


1.  Խ          峿Сɽ屻һ

峿Сɽ屻һ㱡֣ͣԼ˼ҵѾʼ̡
λڻϷĳ塣
˼˼ʱͷЩۡ
㣬ˡһԴ
˼˼̧һĴվһкƼݣ·ϿտյģһǳӪɵġ
˼˼תͷ˿Լӣµľϸŵĺںһùζıӣ˵Ǽͽıڡ
ʲôԼ˯һѵ˷ӣ
ˣһ˵ڽע⵽ﻹһˡ
߽ǰſһʮЩ̱ĸˡ
ӹҲ̫ˣʱôܸϸҴڽӴԹ
˭˼˼ü
ˣûңΰǻҼϸƣͬ׼ң˭Ǹģôˣ޸ҼΰҲǲԣһٿױǮƸû˰а޹ԣܴܵܲţ˭ܶһˣһ֮øӣȻΰ顣˵રઽһ˼˼ԴԽԽˡ
ȥ
˵Ȼֹŵĵ˼˼˵ʲô
˻ȥ˼˼ظһ顣
һԵкҲԱߵɨ㣬Ҫˡ
㣬ҿǷˣȻͱټ޹ˣҿԺ˭ȢɨǣӴ
䣬кɨѾ䵽˸ϣСкСͦ󣬴ĸֱл
˱ϳţ˺һ뿪
кɨѻСĿ˼˼һۣƺˡ
˼˼ƽɺɣڵô£
ûϸ룬ԺбӿһƬļ䣬Щ϶Ļ濴üͷֱ塣
ԭǱ˷ӰˣС˵еĴԽҴһͬͬȴ쳣ũСϣСʮ꣬бҵ˼˼ĸǼ϶ĸ׳Ͻ󣬱ֳɺһסݣֵĶ٣ӾͼͿռҵףÿǮеļϸ⻹Ҫ˼˼Ըֽȥʹ󷿣һִҲǮϽɸ𻨡
˼˼һĿӸǹĽͰ͵ģû꣬屻ۿˣһóϵļױһ޲˼ҩҲվûа졣
Խѹֹ˼꣬ɽЩҰζǲӣûһ̤գɽϹȥһʱʬѾҰҧĲƲûã˼˼ƣ˹ȥۣѾо
˵Ķȥǰø˼˼µ£иΰǸڸҴˣģǿǿΣҲʵϧǸ豦С
˼˼һðˣûأôֺģԺǻˡ
˳˼˼̾һԼĴԽ˵ʵҲòʵúûȥתͷһԵкˣ˼꣬ˣȴĺӲ
˼ʱǵ˼˼¶һ΢ЦʾԼû£˼΢ЦȴЩܳѾûжЦˡ
˼˼һĻɵһᣬԭڳԲůҪýõ裬Լ̵ϲѾŤˣʼǨŭԼĵܴܵûһɫ˼ϲ㣬ÿθɻʱҲɫĵڽǰкóԵģҲ㡣
û£㲻Ҫġ˼˼˼ͷ
˼ͷʲôȦһ죺㣬ǲҲûаְˡ
˼˼һᣬԭûҧҧӲ˻ȥ˼꣬󣬽úչġ
˼˼˼꣬ڼ𣿡ʱ⴫һŮĽк
˼˼ӴЬ˳ȥ
ſվһʮݸˣﻹһ롣
ˡǸԺӵģ˵ĸ׳ϵĹϵҲĺӡ
˼˼ˣ˾ͺãû£Ҳܰıˡ˵ţĨһᣬе˼˼ĻҸ˼عϣȳˣҵﻹлˣһſھС
ôУƽʱѾǺܶˣǲٳʳ˼˼׷ȥ뽫عϻ
⺢ӣɶڰ֣ˣ˼˼׷ϣҲûƴǣĬĬסĶ飬˼ҡ
˼߳ʵ㣬ɶˣ
͵عϡ
˼ع϶֣۾˵Ժ˼˼һЩĵعϵݸ˼꣬ԼСġ
ĵعڣ˼˼ҲĶعϸͷ󣬼ڱˣ˼ˣԼеĵعһ˹ȥ㣬ҸСԲô࣬Ҳԡ
˵۾ȴŵعϣʿˮ
˼궮µۣ˼˼ع˻ȥԣԱˡ
ƴ˼عջ䵽˼Ķ
˼˼ûӴ¿˿ǵķһԺӣԺҲǿտҲɢҵĳһЩӲݡ
ȥ˿Ѭķڵ̨һƾɵʳĸʱ˵ףֻмعϺһСֲڵ桢һС׺һЩҰˣȫǴ
˼˼üͷ²׷ʱǵʳҲ̫ˣʣǮҲ󶼻ϣγŵȥ
ÿ󲿷ֵʳ𻨣ʵͽĵֻ֪Т˳ĸûԼʣôһĿڣļУ󲮺ҵĺӹıǺöˣ󲮼ҵĴøҵõܻÿܳһֻµĸͳǰװƭߵġ
ͷļϡ᲻óԣܹ˾ȥ绻Ǯ˵Ĳ࣬СҲ⡣
ø绹УõڶСѧѧѼһ궼Ǻü顣
˼˼˼Ӿ͹̫Щ
˼˼ѾɵķָһˣҲҪ취һǵԭ䲻˵฻㣬ٶٰ׷ٲ˵ġ
Ȼ˼˼ϤǸʮԭļпóҲࡣ
˼˼ڤ˼֮ʣһͻȻ
ڰ󶨳ɹ
е·Ķ𣬽˼˼һʲô˶ûУ˼ȥ˸ڻû
ʲôˣ
ʱһ׹е˼˼ƾʧˡ
µֱۣԼվһƬտҰУܾĵһ˶ûУͷƣǷֵأرָδСһӣĸС󣬴ʱѾ죬֦ͷ
ԱһƬ̵أ̵ϹһСľݣСľԻһ滹ֻ
ҲʲôѵִԽˣ




2.  ũ   ӭݰũũ

ӭݰũũȼһһǧǮңɿƷеٴγֹ֣ƽ
˼˼ͻȻԼԽһϷͽũũпֳĶֲ
ʱ˵ǿĽָˣ˼˼ϲ
ߵСԣŷСľˣȻҪߣֶֻܰס
˼˼ϴһһģѩϸۣмء
˼˼Լ֪߸ˣô˵أũ̫ˡ
زԶһľҶǿڴģſװӣÿװֽʵ
һӵ붼װҶӣջزֿ⣬˼˼ᵽ˷յϲá
ʣµӶһջװֿˣʱŪ
ũһСӣ˾Ҫȥũ̵Ǯҹ򣬳֮⣬Ӷûнʻɫ״̬˼˼ֱӵ֣ûһᣬͿ͵С糤˳һһСʱĵʱ
һ˼ʮǮҺ;ֵ
˼˼ȥ˼ѣĸĸƺûʲôرġ
ʱ򣬾ͿĸͻȻ̧ƨɣƣһſŵʹƨɺ˳ۡ
˼˼ˡ
ÿһĸʮͣ
˼˼Ҳ˺һƽ
еļջˣ͵Ϸ뼦ѣһϿιܾãϵͳԶӣǺܻģַŵͷϣ̳һԻǷջһֻ
ҲǿԳԵģ˼˼ϵЦ˼֡
һУȥСݿ˿濴Сľݣ澹ȻһһСӣеƷһӦȫϵͳʾСľݿͨ
˼˼ϯ˼ϣһ̫ˣԺֻҪһˣϢ
Լũ˼˼ۣĬȥٴۣԼվƾɵУũĹһǰճ˲ֿĴӣոļۻȻУ˼˼һ㲻óԲˡ
ʱ˼ҲӸڻˡ
㣬ȥˣڼҺúϢɡ˼˵꣬Ϲߣߡ
˼꣬Һһȥ˼˼һûʲô£ȥϤһ£ԭɻһҲֵĹ֣ż֣Сڳгûɹũ¶˾Ͳˡ
˼ֲҲֻͬˣֻǵǡ
ҲԶһ·㵽ˣʱѾæµš
˼˼˸ڵ˼˼һк
˼˼զˣڼҺúϢأü
ѾûˣֻҺ˼ˣɻûóˡ˼˼ЦһũıϺ·Ȼ˭ܸˡ
˵㣬ССͣզˡһ꣬ۿҲҪ˵Ǽ˿ݵģʮ꣬˼Ҳž꣬զͲܽӻȥˣʱǮһ۾ͻȥˣ˶硣
˵꣬һڣȻһҵʮֲܡ
˼˼ȴûоǾã˼ңõĽ취ͷТѹˣȻ˵ȻԵľˡ
˵һøˣզң߷ߡ
Ҫ˵ɶã۹ⲻ̫УǸСɶõģ޲ð˩ϣԺ޹ȥٲôĥʾôһҲãͷԼûûģԺٸ㿴õġ˼˼ѹο
ллҵ߲ãһȥЩ¡˼˼ͷڲʮ꣬Ǹ磬Ǹô˻ǲӦũˣºܶࡣ
˼˼˼꣬Ϣ𣿡ӳˣ˼˼˼ʵ
ӳѾûˣϹҵء˼˼Цŵ
ӳҲ֪˵ɶ̾һǷʡĻ˶ȥݡ
ҲɱһͷҼһܷһ㣬һҲܳһλȡ
ݲʲôѻ˼˼Ҳֻ֣ǸոտʼȽ˼ֻ廹ûȫָĸݣɫķŵ˼˼ı¨Լı¨ֻбһ㡣
˼˼˼Сһۣ˼Ӻף˼Цˡ
ʱ˼˼Ѿ˺üѪݣһۣĽֱ󣬲˼꿴
˼Ӽɣ˾ɽһһڳЩ֣ȥɤۣ˼ȴԵĽζ
˼꣬𣿡˼˼˼
롣˼شĺܿ죬˼˼˼һ˿
˼˼ЩۣԴģһġ
˼תͷ˼˼㣬Ҳ飬ҪǮýϺӣٶٳ԰׷ڵʱͳ˵ǼˣҪչ˺ý㡣
˼˼ижϱӸĸҲûֵܽãһжǿԼƴû˶˵Ļ
ɨǻȥѧأΣһϸ
˼˼תͷһһ黨賤СŤƻˣý㣬󼸸£һϲ۸˼̱꣬Ӻһޡ
˼ȭͷۿ΢΢죬˼˼ס֡
óԼͷҧһڣʮֵ⣬Ѿ˶ʮ˼˼Со
ССͣô˼꣬˼˼˵СӼƽϣҲ۸ͷϡ
˵˭أ˵ĹȻû˼һǶɨǣһծ߳ŭ
˼˼վߵǰûκα飬ܿѾŭˣ˵һ飬ŲҰ˺á
ﺦˣϻǿţǮ
ž
ˮתǺ⣺ȻҴң˵곯˼˼˹ȥ
˼˼˼곶һ߹ȥɾ䣬ڵ棬۵һ˳
ҵţ
˵꣬ˣ˼˼Цһ㵨ӣ£ԼôȭҲǰѧġ
˼۾Ŀ˼˼㣬̫ˡ
˼˼Դ˼꣬ǰǽ̫ųˣԺһᱣģҲû۸ˡ
ݵݺ󣬽Ϲ
˼˼۵ֻҧ֣˼ɫ̫ÿΪ岻͵͵æ
ܱ·ʱ˴﷽Ƽܣͽתһߣģƺ˼˼Ϲϵ




3.  ͻ          ˼˼Ҳûˡ

˼˼ҲûȤƨɣҲ˼첽ˡ
׵˼˼˼ȥ⣬峤ʹӳ𻨺үүǽӻȥȴԼϼÿĲˣǲԸۣ˿˼˶ǱӵĿ⣬ҲԼڶ˶ٺö
˼˼ҲʾҪʱ˼˼ԭҲԼĹͼ֣ҧһҿ
ǲ˼˼˼𣿡Сɤ
ʲô㣬ǾɨǣͶۼҵʳԺ㶼ûͽˣסˡϵ˿ûΣ˼˼˼û߶Զһ
һ˵ǻԼʳϾ¶˽źı飺ҵģ
úúãСϾһѣ۵ֱС
ͷϡҶԣ֪õġ
ԱһũĴ׷¶ĵɫ
е˰ɥġ˵Ǻ͵ĺɩӺһӡ
˭ɥˣԴǲûˢզôԼ˶ܲûܱ˼ҵ£ǸС˯һݡҲʡ͵ĵƣſڱ˻ȥ
ԶƲƲ죬ڼҲʱҲֵÿϷ
˺ڴһСѸƽʱȥСѸϹڴѾˣҶֻ˽°ڼ䣬˰̣ú˲߳ŭеũ߾ͺŤ
֮£˼˼˼ǲ֪ģ˱峤ȥ˰칫ҡ
峤һŷ⣬ˣ㽫ŷݸ˼˼ͷĲģǼҶ֪Ǯֻ࣬ʮ飬úˣǺȥˡ
֮ϲ˼˼˼Ŵ峤ͣصл
лɶǺúӣҲҲæܣ̫ܰ࣬ҲΨһܸˡ峤
ڼҼһ˭ܺ޸Ķأ˼˼ʾ⡣
ɫӭϦ˼ҡ
ƿԺţ˼˼˼еũߣȥźãˮ˼˼ϴϴ
Ҳһ죬ϴЪȥ˼˼
ҲۣҸջ𡣡˼
˼˼ˣҲֻȥˡ
˼궯Ŀʼջ˼˼ȥ׸ʳʵӴóһۺĸ
˼꿴˼˼ۺͼˣһŻ񣺡㣬Щ
˼˼˼곣Լһ𣬲ÿζһȥЩԴСʱ򻹺סָô죿ũ¹شҲ͸¶
˼꣬Щǽһܣ㲻͵ֻԣԺȥ飬𣿡
˼ᶨĵͷ㣬㣬ģҲ߱ˣҲ㶫Ǵġ
˼˼˼Դ˼ԣţԡ
˼˼˼ûκɻ󣬹ɵջȫȫһͿ
۵һлڵĴˮʼ棬۲Сķһ䵽˼ĿϣŰ׵ķۣʳָմ˷Žģ̇ͷ˼˼ĲڲӳرůģӰӡ
ǰ˼˼һʳȻѲܿ죬ڰϳˣˮ֮˼˼˹ִĸɰڹʳԭʼı˶Լͬʿˮ
֮˼˼װ룬ΣһɰҨɰڵ
˼꣬ȥ˵ɽϸʱѰҰ˼˼˼
᲻۸˭֪Ѿɽˮˣóֻ˻ɡ
˼ͷ˳ȥ
һᣬ˼ַĻˣĺɰûˣʵһƹϡ
߲˶Լֵģ˼˼Ҳأֵ߲˶𻨺ˣʣµҲȵ߰㡣
㣬ġ˼꽫̨ϣ۰Ͱ͵Լ
˼˼úЦݸ԰ɣСè
˼ӹȲĳֻһСΣʲôûţ˼˵ȴǴûгԹζ
˼˼ҧһںɰû˿ζŨϲĵɴۣũеļҲ̫ó˰ɣҲҧСĸӿ
һʱ˲˵ûһᣬͼ˵ס
˼һãЩ˼ĵ㣬Һþûгôˡ
Žˢˡ
ô£Ҹ㣬ҲʮˣҪ˵ˣɱһ쵽裬ʱ򲻸ǮܵȢϱҲ㣡ʱլϿ
Խ״Դȥж˼˼ĺԹ컯ʵʣûȥ˼˼ġ
ɫѾȫˣʱûʲôֻҳ˷Ҫʹ˯ҪȥڴŰ
ﵹû˼˼˼ȥ飬ú͵ƽˮմд֣˼ܴһף˼˼ԴĽѡ
ҴǰȥСѧ͵ǽΡ˼겻˼ĵ
ڴϣó峤ŷ⣬ʮԪĴŽᣬ˼˼һοĴƱܾú档
ϡ˼˼ǮֱӷŽԼֿĴ
˼˯֮˼˼ũʱµСֳˣҲżʮ˼˼ЩȫֻһСʱСϵȫժװʱһˣȥлǮԭļУʱʱҲ͵͵ȥУҰζһЩ
СϺ˼˼յϢһǧǮң飬ˮҲˣζԳԴ׷ˣ̳мһʮǮһֻԥֻչʮֻһСһˮȥҲˮջָֻԭ
ˮĳ쵹ʱһСʱ˼˼һСʱĿˮһȻñߴҲǴͳˮģɫıƤŰ͸ľӨףϵ˼ܴĴףһɡͷô
˼˼ŴףᣬôףôĹ
ͻȻеĴըһͷһ
˼˼
ϤѣҶӿڴһţϵһ͵õ˰Ĵס
Ϊһ׷ߣ˼˼һϲװ治ס
Сûʲô仯ϷҪʮŻһΣӦҲǡ




4.  ũ          ӿռг

ӿռг˼Сʱ˼˼ʵʱŹȥʮӡ
ͻȻ˼ĿһϽ鿴ȴ˼겢û۽ǹ飬С߶ŵ˼˼Щᣬֻԭµļ䣬Բûôǿҵĸ飬ֻú֣ܿ˼ֱ꣬˯ȥ
ڶһ磬緹ţ߲Զ
˼˼˵㣬ҵҰԸŲȥ绻Ǯαظ˼⺢ҲȰӲҡ˵ȴο֪ͼĺúӡ
û¶һ˼ء˼˼ҵСͽǣˮ֮ӿȪ౨ʱʱĽӼãҺ˼˵ͳŲȥˡ
ļ򣺡Ǻúӡ
ʱ֣˼˼˼ȥ˶Сѧ˼տʼԸȥԼ˼ǮȥˣĻȫ˽ͷϡ
һε˼˼ǿӲ궼ѾСѧˣ˼ȴûʼ飬ǲһӴСׯģ˼顣
ڽ֮˼Эˡ
СѧСѧѧУУʦǶ֪࣬Уӣʮ꣬ϼһ۾һĻˡ
СѧһѧԪǮ鱾˼ǳСѧһ꼶ѧˡ
˼ų¾ɵĿαһһĸţǿϲá
˼˼ũջһֻֽˮĴһСһСʱļһƿǣܿȻƵļƯһ㾧Ө֬˱ǣһ򵥵պϣŴİ׷ǵˡ
ۻ£˿ûζպϣóԵͷȥˣһڼ¶ǣθůڵġ
˼˼ͷˣũƷģûвóԵġ
ף˼ΪһСѧ
˼ϵЦûмٹĶ˼˼㣬һúѧϰġ
ȱ˿ڵĴڿ
ʱҴţת˼˼Ѿˣ˼ѾֺС˼˼ĵͶι£϶Щ⣬Ҳ˲٣ڵŴ඼
µı仯Ҳ˲˵Ĺעլ֮һ
㿴ǶɨǣŰ£Բ˲٣Ҽҹ˵˼ȻǮˣ϶ǮͲٺöڼլ϶𻨵
Ͽһۣû
Щ֣ԼǮͳԵĲǲТȥкöûͿӡ𻨵
Ҽҹϸ˵ĵ
ϼԼзݣɫҲ滺٣֪뵽ʲô𻨵Ÿûã᲻᲻ã
ʲôɩҪô뵱ˣҿҪ͸Ҽҹϲмĵ
ҿ˭˵һһֻ̤ײĵ̫ţǵ̣Т̲Ӧõ𣿡˵˷һۡ
ڨڨЦЦû˵
𻨼ĥ£˼˼֪飬ũѾ弶Ѿ˶ʮֻˣÿٶũҲ14飬ףţһͷһǮң˼˼ʹֻ
ͷţɫɫɫɫڰɫɫֱӦţ̿ζݮɿ㽶ԭζ̡
̵ֳƷٸǮң̷ƬȵŨƷ
ǣ˼˼￪ʼһûаװ̷۹ޣ̷ôȶȲꡣ
뿪ũǰջһףտһ汻ɫҶӰǲףһһŵʣµĿǻװ
̷ۣۣף˲٣ʼ˼ȥһϵĺУЩǮ
ȥ磬֪ļ۸ĵ̬ͣҲãϾ˼룬Թġ
ڶ죬ѧУż٣˼˼˼Ͷӳ˼٣ϴţȥϣ˼˼ôõһ뿪Կʲôʣ˼Ҳˡ
һСʱǵĿĵأ³ĵطϵĹ磬һԵǽϻӡΪ񼸸ʺĴ֣ʱѽأͷЩǮ˱ǮŶԿĶ治٣ͷԣЬȵӦоУԱ߻һ̯ӡ
˼˼ǻǮ㶫ȥ
ϲƴûкĸ¥ãҲ޽˲¥Ҳ߹ģ
һ·Ĵ˺ܾã˼˼ҵ˺Уһӿվ˼ˣ˼˼鲼ֻ¶һ˫۾˼˼ӿڼ˼˼æеĶ¶һЩǷ
ԭļУڶںѾȽϿˣҲͲƱˣһ㣬Ǻ˼˼ԭ粻ͬŸҴС
߻վ˲ˣǰڷű¨Ʒøֶڸš
˼˼Ҳ˱¨ͻ·סˣ˼һ˱һſڼ˹۲һᣬûʲô⣬ҲͲٹעܣ˵
˼һεУӵģ˼˼󣬰̧ű¨
˼˼һû˵λý¨£Ȼ˼һͬ
һᣬһŲӵĴ˹˼˼¨Ķ¶˸ǣ۵ɫ͸ͷļȻ˹
ôʵ
ëʮ۰ëһԼĸµĵϺõۣ㿴ɫһġ˼˼ɿ˵
ָ죬ϸ壬ȷǲģ˶ʮһʮصۣ˾ſǮ
ӣҪ̷𣿡˼˼ʵ
̷ۣϲʵĶϱոãˮ̷ֲңԼҴӾֱޣ۵Ľ̷۵ģɲϲ
еģĻҪãʮһޣ̷ܷźܾõġ˼˼¨̷۹Ӹ
򿪸ӣһŨ˱ǶӸˣҲֱۣͰʮף̫࣬ӼԼĶӣŰѶȫ˻ȥ
ʮǮ˼˼гɾ͸У˼һԣԼҽһ˺üʮǮݵĶ˼˼۾ġ
ܿ죬˼˼Ļȥ٣Աߵ˶ȡ
ӣ湻õġһԵСӵ
˼˼֪ԼۺˣЦЦû˵
ܿ죬ĶĲˣܲűſձ¨뿪˺С
˼ҹգȷû˸Ժ󣬲ŽϵĲ
˼˼ﴧٶľ޿̵ģۿžҪˣ˼ȥ˹Ӫꡣ
ʱ磬Ӫ˲࣬˼˼˼߽ȥһݺһˮ㡣




5.            ʱķ˷

ʱķ˷ܴг˵ƴ˼˼һͱˣ˼ʶ壬潽Ľ֭˼˼ǰԷĶ˺ü飬˶Եıģֱ̾ʣµͲҲ˷ѣؼңֿԳԡ
Թֱȥ˹磬һ޿㣬ޱޱְӲһ˵ζ͸ûˡ
ư裬õĵϣзëǹҲһЩ䲻ԣ˼꿴ЩĹӶˣһѶǿ׳ӪҵԱеЩ졣
˼˼ȥ̯һЩ⣬ˮͷ˵ı¨ģ˼˼˸û˵ĵطȫսũֿ¨ֻǵıӺͷţҲˣֲţؼҡ
̣լɿܻؼҡ
զˣЦеĿʵ
ҺǿǱʱ򣬿ɨǻˣ⣡ǿ˵ζˡ˸˷ܵĹ⡣
ۣСǮкöТңţͺһȥ˵Ͼڵ˼˼ȥ滹׹뿴˼˼ù
϶͵͵⿴һۣ̫̫ûн˼͵͵һŲȥ˻ˮ˵һͺĻĻְ,̵
˼˼ʱѾͷˣ¨Ķʰ
ո´һٵĽŲ
飡˼ȥţոմ򿪣žͱƿ˼ֱӱĵ˵ϡ
˼꣡˼˼һϽȥ˼ȴѪ
һοĳ˼˼ֶЩ˼ۣ꣬ײˣ
һżʯͷʯͷմѪ
û£㡣˼˼˼¶һ΢ЦʾԼû¡
Ǹʲô˼˼ݺݵĿˡ
𻨼ˣ󻹸żֵĴ
ӴôˣӣȥҴĴȺһĻ
㡭Ǻ˵̬ȣ𻨻һ˲ܿСӣΪСүأũСĸĿģأóкöԼţôģУǮ⣿һСܴǮóҰţԺ˻Ҹ׼ױİǣ
ĿˮҪˣǿ⣬üûԹˣתͷȴ˼ϵްֱӽе̣ްҪ
û𣿻ܵܣϻû˸ĸ۵ĽֱӷԸǸˣû뵽һܸŪް
ӴްޱˣжǮ죬óҸǷţһۣ·ǮѾˡ
ںţҪЦˡ
𻨣ڿˣǿһװ㴳ǼʲôٿҪεģǰ
㷼ŻˣТԼ̲Ӧõ𣿡һ˲ص
ûҵ£ҵŮТТ˭ǰڵʱԹԼͰѶˣҶӹ̺ܽӣ㷼Ϲʲô𻨷һۡ
㻹֪Ůӵ߶ãµʱǶԶԶģζֹռˣǲŶ󣿺ӵĶ治Ƕ
ģԺûҺҵܵܵĶ˼˼ɫ΢ҵ̫ʵˣжµĸԺ߲ˣȫûȥÿֵҲһ㲻ʣﲡˣǽǮװҵǮȴһǮԸóˣ˲ȥˣǵѪˣҵŪôҵܴްôˣǳԵôˣѵû˵ֻܶ𣿣
˼˼󼸾仰ǺģԭءһݼۿᣬԹŶ̲סۿ۷׷ס
̫ǶˣôСĺӣôİ
ԭϱߵİҾ˵һðôôˣޣɥġ
жŮģȢҹҲ޸Ҷӣøĥ

ӣһǺöڻˣҲ㣡߳ŭ˼˼˹
ס֣һȴ峤Ⱥ˽ɫѿ߶ãǾ˼֣ʲô
峤ڴܸߣƽʹҲʵˡ
峤û֣ⲻºǮָס˼˼Ҳ˵ˣ̲øܼױǮǮТ̲ҲӦǸͷԼ򵥲µģΪǵĴԲ
ôͰˣҪ峤õĵ˲Ͳ˵ˡ
ʵľͺϬǻشǣôڴͱ˲˵
϶ڵʱ򣬻ÿҼʮʳǮأֲҪʳҶӵǮܿðɣŲҲǸԺȢϱҪǮֱ׳ĵ
ţôӰѹζٺöˣϱɥһǮ𣿶жǮʱǱȫ𣿱ΪҲ֪ŶҲݵģҪҪôҾû˵жӻҪŮǮģֱɥģ
ɣǴҼңŪҵܵܣҪѾˡ˼˼Į
㡭˵ʲôҿ̣Щţͷٺᣬ컹Ǻµġ
ˣҸһҾԺ϶ҵĺӲøǮʳǲκνҪǮҪʱߵĶҲͻ˼˼ҲһϾ̣͵һӡ峤˼˼
˼Ǻԣı˾ôռľͻˣϾǸТѹ˵
⡭ôУǿʲôûãѿڶǿǳ϶ûһƬң˳˲ٶõĿˣȥôܣ
ԸΣ峤һ仰ϲ˵Ҳ˶
ˣ峤ͲҪˣҰֲͷµʮǮˡ˼˼ֵߵ޷ǹưȵȣùҲá
Ϲ˵ʲôʲôʮ飡ʮϾһһ˷Ǯͷ
䣬ͼҶžԼף֮ӡ
գһݺôûţʹʮǮ£Ǹ˼⳥Ҳ뿪ˣͷβҲûʹһѪ˼ꡣ




6.            Ⱥе

ȺеҧȻû˼˼ʧˣ̧ۣ˼˼۾֧Ŀ־ٴϮԼˤڵϵƨɻʹŵתܡ
ⳡ־Ҳɢˣ峤Ҫæο˼䣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
Ĵĺܿ죬˼˿ڣҩˮ
ˣʵǶͷһСӣ˼ҲˣѪǰ۵С˧һö
Բ𣬽㣬ûæ˼ԼϺȵΪ
û¡˼˼˼ķԸͬ˵òͬķ㻹Сúѧϰ㻹Ժء
˼ĵ˵ͷĳɼܺãڵĽѧѾ׷ˣУҲڿǸ
԰˼꣬ģأҲܿǼ۸ǡһʮĶҲƵƵͷ
󣬹ͷҲĲˣõĲһȣζ̳ͷã˭Ҳ˲˵
ʱլڴϣϴһëﻹ֣ʲôĻģֱü
˼˼ܣֿʼԹϣʲô˵û𣿰ӴʮǮɱǧС
ϵͷίúܣⲻż˭֪ǸǮס
ҲܣǮҲң𻨵
ɫЩÿҲҵ𻨵淴ֻܰԵһۣҾ
ǮأˡϾһǮôó
ҪأǮˡҲ
ӻǮƲƲ죬ҲûᣬڴϰӴӴֱл˼˼ȥ
ĩ˼˼Ķýɻ˼ң飬ɻһʳƷʱȥ֮ǰ˼˼ȡģ֪ˣӲȥɻԼıӣϧҪ飬̫Сˡ
ˣû˼˼֪Ѿ˵ʱһҲʮĹʣɻһЩ覴ƷڼĵλǺܲġ
һȥȥ𻨷öȫ㱻ǵ﷽һ߿࣬˼˼
ҲǸ˵ȥЩ𣿡ü㣬һ۾Щ˵Ļȴʮ㣬Ժдɾ͵ˣϣ÷˼ȻͷģͱˣҪסҸ˵Ļ
϶һ֮ΣƵƵͷ
ǣʲôûûģҸ˵ǳкüС̸أʽһΡɻ˵
ðκãʿɲͣɻԺгϢˣɱ硣ֵ۾еҲһɨա
תۣǰ£ԽӽأԽĺϷĶûѩֻкХĺ磬εۡ
ͣ˹ѧУҲżˣż֮ǰУ˼˼˵˸˼£ֱ꼶ʹ˼Լ˼˼Ȼͬ⡣
ũѾżˣ߲˺ü֣ײˣܲǣƹϡ
һŰײ˼ʮƬҶ𣿼һŶһٶƽķһȦ𣿼һ˸ߵܲͻƹ
ũЩ롣
죬һջһ߲ˣ߲ºϵͳʾѾ˵ʮ
˼˼Ҳ֪ϷոտʼȷԽ棬ҪľֵԽ࣬ԽĲˡ
ʮũҲ˺ܴı仯һܴ󣬿Ѽӣ˼˼ԥʮֻ
˼˼ַŵϷͼճּ֣̣10˼˼󣬾ͿһŴͻȻ֣ˮ棬ɢһᣬ£סһ߰˽صĲ㣬ԶյĴ
̺ߵ֣ҲɾţһֻܴʮΡ
ٴεջһİ㣬˼˼˼òֺ˵ǣһξȻջʮСϺ
ԺѾð⿷ʲôأʮ㣬룬ˮҪˡ
׽ʳıȫŵš
СľҲһһһװܰԼ˼˼ϲĵڶҡ
鿴ũı仯˼˼û˳㿴ǰͻȻһдţʮһγ齱ᣬǷʼ齱
ÿʮǿԳ齱ģ˴֣Щڴĵǡ
ǰʼ˸ɫĹâ˼˼²ũֵ
âǰһУ㿪У澹ȻСմӣװ峺ˮ
ϲȪˮǿ壬
˼˼ӣɫζˮǴ˵еȪˮӣֱӺһڣûʲôζҲûС˵ֻð״̬
Ӧ÷أͷһеʧˣϣһˮͼϸܿˮ
ԣǿֱӲȪˣ˼˼ۣȻӦȪ֮޵ϵֱӴȡȪˣҲ̫˰ɡ
㣡㣡˼Զ˼˼ֱӴũƿţͿ˼˽ıϻ뱳һ߳ˡ
˼˼һæǰӹˣֶԷѪϵ·ƣʱ˶˻ԣҲѾ΢ˡ
˭ˣȰŪȥȥҴȻյˮ˼˼ü죬ֻܽǻʽ
˼뿪ϵѪԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽۿѾȲˣֻ͵͵ιһȪˮû뵽Լյ¡
ι˼˼ϵˮǰĲһð޹⣬˼˼˲ЩۣȪһһ
ȪˮϣЧԣǰ˵ϣȴž˵ı仯˿ۿɼϣҲƽȡ
˼˼û뵽Чôãһô˽ͣͼ˼վſڣ㣬ڼңӸ˶˸ֹѪ׵ҩòˡ
˼꣬ǡ
ýͣ㣬֪Ҳ˵ȥġ˼˵꣬ҩȥˮ
˼˼
ãҲýˡ
򵥲ϴ˵ݲųǰ㲲԰ףҲڸǲסݷǷ٣ģҲͶʮҡ
˼˼˼ϸϸѯľԭ˼ȥɽҰˣߵһɽʱ䲻һ棬ʱһ̽ıϢе΢͸æ·ϰ뱳Ū˻
˼˼ͺˣô䣬㻹ȥɽʲôҰˣǲСĻأҪҲˤأǲ˵ôߵģ
˼һЩ֪룬˫ʶţǰϲԺɽϵҰӣɻԲ𡣡




7.            ԣ˼˼ġ

ԣ˼˼һӾˣԴ´βԼɽ
˼ͷӦʶһոս̫ˡ
УԺ·˾ͱˣ֪𣿼ֻˣô죿ڼˣҲֻܵ˵
˼æĵͷ˵Ķԡ
˼ɵӣ˼˼̲סЦ˳ĵҲһɢˡ
ѹʱԼһİĵطɫѾˣЩ谵˱ۣļǴɽͷȥѵԼǱץסˣ֪ǻôĥԼ˻Ǻúݵġ
ڱ̫ãܽӲʱؽڵԶԼһʳĶӷ
׼Ųµʱűƿһ˽ڣģֻԼһΡ
ѽˣǾԵ㶫ɣ˼꣬Ѳ˶˵һǳ溰ġ
ܿ죬￪˵ƣƵĵƹ£ǰһݵƯѵõ㶣ֿܶܣȴû뵽ԼǱ˾ˡ
ôһ˻Ѫɽ㲻Ǵ˰ɣ˼˼̽ʵ
ǲСĵȥģ˿ʯײģҵȷӵˣֻ·𺣵
ĻشʵЩ©˭ܣɾ峺Ҳʲô׼ˣ˼˼ûм׷ʡ
˼˼ũ̵һСϺְһ࣬Ұӣζֱ꣬𺣶ӽеĸ
˼˼ҨһһǰԼ˼һСϺҰӴá
𺣳Źѵϡ۰Ͱ͵СϺеԡ
ɶô鲻ܳġ˼˼ĵ
𺣵ͷࡣ
㣬СϺ̫óˣ
ǰɣһµȥζžˡ
˼ͷý˵ʲôǶԵģǺõģ
һߺ࣬һŶƽܰĶԻԼĶƽ˺ܶࡣ
һů͵ķ𺣾ԼůӲĸоҲڸơ
ҵܾܵȻģһЩˣϵ˽ؼҰɡ˼˼򵥽һľ
ؼңм𺣾ƾɵСݣһƽʳһҡ
ûиĸûмˡ𺣵ڣЩ˻ơ
ԣ˼˼΢㶣Բ𰡡
ûϵллˣҺˣҾ뿪𺣵
ѹһŨŨıˣ˼˼ͻȻԼǲе㲻顣
ϱ̫Ũֻ̫Իԣ˼˼ʹ˵һ䣺ˣҪߣºƵƵҡͷɫ˰
𣿻᲻̫鷳ˡ𺣵
ᣬֻҺҵܵܣҲֵ㡣˼˼ԭֻһ£ûӦô죬ֻεĵ
ãллǣҿԸġ𺣿һǳǳЦݣε˼˼˼֡
֮˵ɣ˵ǱߵԶݰɣԺסǼӡһƻŮһסһȻںܰ˵õĽ취
㣬㲻˵ǻ𣿡˼˵һСʵ
˼˼Ĭˣô˵Ѳ˵ΪԼǸչ۸ߣô죬Ҳܾ
ò𰸵˼˳˼
˼˼˼꣡ˣһ磬
˼˼˼ҲˣǵŽ
һ̤ӣͿϻű𺣣ĽŲһ١
ǳ𺣻ʱϵģõ̫˻ɡ
ǱߵԶݣû˼ˣҵˡ˼˼ʱ͵
áòʺ
ɫһӻԭС濡ǻ߶ļˣأϢˣǡˣ
ŻûϢɽ·ģ·ϲСˤˡ˼˼ֵ
ŶӴǿɵСĵ㡣
ǿ߰ɣһˣ˿϶ࡣ˼˼ߴٵ
˼žʹæȳȥԭڱڼ￴ңںģǸ˹ȥ
ȳƽʱɹӶʳĵطǰһܴĿյأܿǵʱѾһЩȴˣоһˣүүʹǶˣԭļУǸҶ䣬ʲôŵģĬԣ𻨵ľҲӲҷݣ϶һҹĺѡ
𻨵˼˼һۣﲻ֪˵Щʲô˼˼ýֺͷҲԲµ϶
վһ۾һβǿ׳Ůûɻˡ
ǰֺʱһ򹷸ɻߣֺõ˵ʲôɻü͸¶һ˿͡
ܶ˶˼˼ߵ𺣶Ǻ棬˼˼𣬱㽫˵˳ȥ˲¶Ȼɫ
ܿ죬ӳʹ峤żǷֲˣﶼܼһ꣬Ϊһ
ȥ˼˼˼˼ÿŲ߰˹֣Ϊʱÿ춼ʮ֣Խ˷ֵʳǮҲ٣дۣкףͶһ̧峵ϡ
㿴ɨǷôʳءϴյ𻨶ߵ
ߣ÷εҪ϶ڣЩʳͶǼҵģɨǣ˵𻨷߷߲ƽĵ
ˣ϶ûˣ㻹˵ʲôü
ô˵ã϶ҶģôͲ˵ˣ𻨵˲θߡ
Ĭˣƾĭɶû˵һ֡
ǵܴ˼˼һҲǵ̸е֪Ǿ˼˼ˣǵ̣Ƕ񶾵һһģǵĳˡ
𺣸еһ˿ͬ
˼˼˼յ֣ǷͣûҪȥᡣ
ɻĿҲ˼˼ϣɻһ˿죬ǵ˼˼ΪʱӪֺڣ⣬ƤҲ࣬ر˼˼С̰̰׵ģƺһһˮòϣ˼˼ƯˣģǱƯŮˡ
ôĹܼ޸ˣӮҡ
ʵ˼˼ĸı䣬ũʳֹ˼꣬ڵĺ̼ƵĶӳ˼Ƕ˹ȥʳ񶼰˲٣֪飬ֻǶˡ
Ҳ˼˼վɵ˵ǺЦϵС֣һ߷ģγԱȣװģģôôᡣ
ڵĿ⣬˼˼һûᣬСƷԱһ仰ҵ˶ˣϼ
ǱߵĶԽԽ󣬴峤ĿԽȺϣӻҪңﶼܲסʲôˡ
һѣ涪ˣҲĿһۣߥίĵͷ˵Ŀʵ
䣬շ߷ߵı죬ǻҪָŴ峤Ȼִˡ
һ˸˼




8.  粨        ؼҵ·ϣ˼

ؼҵ·ϣ˼˼𺣲ţ𺣵ͷĺ˿ûӰ죬Ųɵĸ衣
Լ˺ѹŭ
˼˼֪е뷨һ֮ԱǣΪ⼸ѹŭŲֵãôʳ𣿴˿˼˼ᵽũ񲮲յϲá
صң˼˼صĲȥԼл⣬ƴһǽ˻ȥ
˼˼˽׷ŵ׸ףҲúùʳѵʹũ˼˼Ҳһ
ϣһĴ׷⣬һ뼦ϼһǳŴ
һټ򵥲ļҳˣ˳Ե쳣㡣
㣬Ҵûܹܶ飬ٶٳԱм顣
ԺԽԽõġ
˼ˣ𺣵ָĺܿ죬һһ֪˼˼һʲôҩûᣬҲʣֻĬĬסպҪġ
˼˼ٴȪӡǣĴʯͷ˵أȪǻָģȻһ㣬ܱһһĺá
˴̫ȥһϣʱﴧһѴŽᣬȫ˼˼˼˼кüٿ顣
ôǮʲôԼŰɡ˼˼Ǯ˻ȥȱǮǰſˣֽһЩũĶߵϺеԽԽˣ˼˼׬ѾǧǮĴˡ
ҲΪƣŸ𺣡
ôǮ˼˼ɵ
ҰҵǮȥȡģܲҰ׳԰סɡ˵ֽǮ˼˼
̬ȼᶨ˼˼ҲֻţҲûȥĴۺϢŪġ
ˣ¶һЦݡ
ũѻԽԽ࣬˼˼ɴһʳƷӹٸǮңЩɸСʳˮɣƬ߲ˮȵȣڸзǳǰԹζҪãˣԺԼˣͿСУԼʳũƷ
ũʮһʱũ޻Ӻƻڽˮ˼˼Ĳ޳ũеĵСʱϲŽʺƻ¶顣
˼˼ժһƻĵĴС䡣
һҧȥĿڸУмûѣͨ嶼ǹ⣬һһû⡣
޻ӳǰһüӹֱޱ޿㶼ԣҲûǮˣΪˣһ̨֯˰˰ǮңǮҲһЩۡ
֮żÿ첥ջιʳʮֵķϵ
ũȲչҲˣɱͷ񶼾ۼڴڷ⣬ĺܷʣһʱ쿴Ĵֱֺǣͷ㣬ܳԻեͣһٷܻζһ꣬˼˼ɸϲ⣬Ҫ˼ûʲôѡ⣬ռҪûҪ󳦡
˼˼ⲻװǸ̫˰ɣҪʲôҪһ⣬飬ܰ϶ˣǿ̫ˡһίȰ
ҲԷʵģҲκϴɾ±ųԳųԶˣʱ˽˼һ㳢˼˼Цеĵ
κۿǾ˭ϴ⣬һ̣˺ö˼˼ֱ֣֪Ǻ⣬ҲԸڳίԼ
ߣ˾ͱһȺһߴ
˼˼Ǳ߿ȥǺӣȻһЩÿοǽǺɫģһŮһֱûٻźԸԸǸľûʱȥľһȥͺ͸ڴĹѸˡ
ӵŮʮ꣬ݸݵģԣŸĸҲֻǳĬվȺУƺѾϰΪ
ʲôˣֻȥ޵ӣԸ˦ӵ֡
ǵްɣԸ㻹¶ˣǸѸһȫ嶼ڿЦʱôӶˣӵ˻ߵĺš
Ҳʵ㣬СѾˣ˵ǸӣԺ󲻾ͻˣ㰮˵꣬ȥ¿޵̱ڵϵĺ
ͷβӵŶû˵һ仰֪ѸˣֻҪԼҲں˭ӣңöֻµĸҲֻּɡ
˼˼ԶԶţֻñһЩ۵ľȻԸ壬˶ӣԸ˵Ͳˡ
¶ڴ˵Ҳֻǲ෹ǲںȴĴʱŮǲƽġ
վڲԶԼҪЦɻǵ֮ǰͺһܣǻá
ӵŮǰĸףȥϵĳؼҰɡ
ĸŮЯȥ
Ҳǿˣ̾
Ϊʲô飿˼˼ʵ
һŮôЩ฾ĭһŮأôߣŵӣôƴĥһƤġ
Ȼźܲƽ˵ʵ
ö⣡ȥ·ϣϺԼˣ˼˼˼ŵ⣬
Ӵⲻ˼˼ô⣬ǳԵ𣿡Ͽǵ⣬ʿˮ
Ͳˡ˼˼
˼˼ô˵ģ
üɫĽ˼˼󣺡Ҫʲô
һ̧ͷͿǰʵһӺˣҡҡý㣬ֻǹ
ģҿܲ𣬱𶯲ҼҾˡ˼˼
ɨ˵ʲôأǶ˵̬ȣȻûûûؾͺסһ𣬲Ҫһԡ
ϻû˵꣬ͱ˼˼һ˳ȥصڵϡ
˵Сһ㣬˵ҿԣ˵ҵȻ»أͲôˡ˼˼ԭͲãײǹˡ
㡭㡭ˣӴҵƨɣҿ㲮ĸҪȥҴ峤Ϻ
㿴Χ˭Ҵˣ㿴㿴𣿡
Ϊ⣬·ϸʲôˡ
𺣺˼ҡͷ
ҡҿˣŵö
𣿿˭أ˼˼Цһ
˼˼ôˣϹͿҵĳ档
ǵ⣬Ҷ㿪ˤˣ֪ҾͲˣ˼˼޹ĵԲֱ̫
Ϲ˵ʲôѾͷңϼ
ҿϹ˵꣬㻹ҪҪˣӵ⻹ҪˣޣʲôˤҲã˼˼ߣմ˻˼˼ƹ
ĸпԣֻܳưͿ




9.         ˵㣬ۼû𣿡

˵㣬ۼûҪȥ˼˼ˤ˰ɡһ߸ĨҩһԹ
ҲԼˤãǸСߵң
أߵĶ㣿ӡӶûУһûʵԲš
ᣬ˼˼ýűߵûʲôӡӣ˵ʵôôأ

صң˼˼ʳϴ˳Ǹζ˼˱ᣬ˼˼Ϊ⣬Ȼһͻ֪жóˡ
ʳϴɾһһø±еζǳԵ˼𺣶ʿˮ
ʳһ˷·Լžž죬ʵ̫óˡ
ָҵһʳҲԵĸɸɾôģȻǺ󻰡
صũ˼˼ջһ޻
װ޻ӽ֯ƷУٵ̬ѡޱ˼Ӻոµޱʳ¯ˣȥһ¶ȣޱŵǻԴı֣ȥһİƣ˼˼Ѿܹ˯ıǶôһˡ
˼˼˼ʱʱóĶѾϰΪ򻹱ڹϾһ֪ϸˣٺÿҲ˼˼û˵ߡ
ֻ˼˼ǸǮޱ¡
ޱ£¶һЦݣִͷһţǺѼģǹȻΪˣҲݴӹҵĲҵЩǰԤвԽѲ
Ҫȱâ񣬴Ǳҵ㹻֤ݣٴλȥʱ
𺣿ЦһԼ˺õòˣԽԽ̰ƽûи˼˼Ѿ˵£Ϊ˶һʱ䣬ȥҲǰ취룬ʸдһš
˵˼ΰתǧأʮԼ˼˼Լǰϰףǰըӣ⣬ũĶֲһʮˣ⣬ɫζȫӶƮʳ
˼꽫ڴϣ𺣽ɨɾһǲɨصģѲɨȥ
˼˼óũˮեʹ֭һ˵һ
֡
֡
֡
ڿһ𣬳õףԸ
ЦϣĶڼΪɵ״̬Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻҪر⡣
ʱûеӻȻҲûдɿ˼˼˼ԺȼŴ̻谵¹£̻ĹӡճЦӯӯƺ̻Ҫá
ԼûĿһֱ׷˼˼еЦ룬͡
ʱլҲΧһţɫҪˣһ˸ˣزˣΨһ滹ֻмƬ⡣
ȸӼ˼ƬָӼƬԼһƬ㲻ʣʲôˡ
ǲŷզ㣿ģͺɻûءŮûóԣüʵ
ҲЩһͳôһ⣬ػضֻܳԵŶӳˣҪܵ㡣
ѾͷƬӳʲô⣬˷ѣʣµ͹ԳԺüأҺɻأﻹԣİɣⶼ²ס졣𻨷˸ۡ
Կ׶Ҫʲôֻ̾һû˵
˶ĬĬĲˣƺѾϰΪû˾ǲԵģɻȷûٳ⣬ûʲôˮĲˣԽˣлԵһͣǽţţζŽһá
ͷҧһڴζİײˣаޡ
ڶһ磬˼˼Բ֥ͻڣ㡣
Թͣ˼˼˼úֽʮǮĺ˼Ц¶һڴ𺣼ˣҲŰһͬʮġ
˼źͳţȲĺСҫȥˣ˼꣬ȥ죬һЩСӵģ
ԭǵ꣬լȥ;ɢ˲ĳ壬ʲôҲûеģ˶˼ȥ˸Һʹ峤ңԼУҡ
·ϣ˼˼ԶԶһſڹһˡ
淡˼Сĵ
ſڣǻ˵ûǮ֮ǰĺţֵģ淽űһĭȻš
˼˼ü첽߹ȥô죬淴ŵѣڱĵ棬Щҡҡ׹
ʲô˼˼˼
˼˼㡭ȾȡȾĿˡ混˵һ仰
˼걳淣˿첽ߵ˵ĵַһƾɵСӣ©磬ҲǱģûе޻ľ崲ϣһıӣɫȴֳĺ죬һͷ̵ˡ
˼˼ϣȥһȦڴóµޱ£淴ϣٸϵĺϺӣٴ˼ȥ峤˳㺰ϼԱ𺣡
ܾͱǿӲһ£ϴ˼˼ֻ˵һ䣺ˣô죿
ĬĬĴ·ů˲ɬޡ
û˵˵ô£ģΪʲôڼң
淳Ĭһ˲ڡ
ԭǱԸͺģȻΪԸǸСѸ˻źȵģԸ֮ΣȻϣڼһͨŮˣܿͱԸסˣͱ˳ĸŮûطססķѾõֻ̫ƾɣֵסХĺ磬Ϻᣬղˡ
ĸŮǾˣ뿴ûǮҪǿȥǼˣĲ˺ü죬˿ûкתļ󣬷ԽԽأ˵ûˡ
żջǾȥԸ˰ţŵȴǴѵСѸ΢΢¡ɫԼ深
С˭䣬ɱŶĺˡ̵ﴫûĺɫ
淹ˡСѸ˸ۣȻ
ſɫһĿģǵҪ˳ȥһżͨһ˵ϣ˶Ӷ
ͷβԸû¶ŮԼŶİˣ޹أѪĿ¡
ﻹСѸεͺŵЦԼԸ˵ЦǾһһг
һʱ䣬˼ӣ캮ضڼεʱ˼˼





10.             ¡

µ˼˼ͨѾʺԸˣֱеļƷսҲ̫޳ˣˢۡ
˵Ż˼ţˣǰڱѾǰ̺˺ޱ
ܿ죬ϣͽϵҽԺյ̫ãβ⣬ٵһᣬľȲˡ
ҽüȥǮ¶ȵɫ˼˼ֱһٿȥѣ淳һᣬջȥˡ
ȣûΣգ̱ڵϣں
˼˼Ȧˣô죬ҲǸʮĺӣԸ
ͽ˲һס֣۾׵
˼˼ʮǮ˼꣬ЩԵĹһϺö̶Ӫҵ˼ֻʮֽװ˻
˼˼淣԰ɣϻҹأԶû
лл˼˼㡣ҲˣѾǷˣպƴˡ
ۿź˼˼˾Ҫȥˣ׼ڶԷһһٿǮ淣ǮĿ뿪
취Ҫ˵ȥŪô߲ˣÿһһǧǾɹƿƳҶ㿴ҽԺſڣһϲŲҺ˺һ˵
Ҳû취ЩŪȫˣڱ˭߲ˣŹ߲˶ѵ㲻ǲ֪һ˵
˼˼ǰһ߲аһúء
̾һ˸ǰȥ
˼˼˸˴󲿶ӣΧΧסٵû˵Сÿ߲óһ
ٵһУ׷ˡ
磬硣˼˼һߣǶʮŮˡ
תͷɻָԼң𣿡
磬ҸոȥҽԺݣ˵Ҫ߲ˣҪ𣿡¶һǣˮĸ߲ˡ
˿˿ܣֵӣ̫ˣҪĶࡣ
أ磬Ҫж٣ܳ;ģջÿһһǧأԭǺһ˵ˣǲҪˣ߲˷ž»ʧԼţⲻһ˵Ҫ߲ˣ͸Ͻ׷ˣ粻Ҫ֡˼˼Ĺ±Ļ֣ĵҲ١
ŸȻһ־裬˼˼ȻҲˡ
磬ɣڳǽǸֿ⣬оߣоˡ˼˼
ɡ˵ˣҽ󷢣ʳֲɹƵĿƳӾܷģãȫҪˡ
ɰ˴æˡ˼˼¶Цݣ磬ͽСУֻ⽻ס
ӣͰʶĺܡؿڡ
Լʱ䣬˼˼ŻصҽԺ⣬𺣺˼һ
ôȥôãʵ
ˡ˼˼
ˣʲôˣеĻŮģ𺣵Ժ档
صˣ峤˼䣬˼˼ʵ˵ˣ˿ûп
峤ʹ峤ϱ÷ǳŭ
Ը̫Ǹˣ¶óֱǳ峤ŭ⡣
Ҳǿ̯ϸˡ峤ϱȻվŮ˵ĽǶȿ⡣
Ǵ岻иŮЭȥܹܲҪȡ㶫ɡ˼˼ʵ
˵ûһ͹ȥһˡ峤ϱ˵žҪ
ѾͷǱߣҪһˡ峤
֪ģ峤
ڶϣ˼˼˵ŮЭһȺڵĳԸļһ飬磬˳СѸи֮һ𣬲֪ܣĸŮǱ·ҪһٿǮĲѣֱҪ̫ŵأܲסЭһȺսŮˣһףֻҪǮȥɳ
֪˼˼ҪȥҽԺЭһӽǮ˼˼Ϊת
ҽԺѾˣѾ鶼ˣס˼˼֣Ѿͷζˡ
ӽ׼ô죿˼˼ʵǼֲ飬Ҳ޻˵
ҪǸ˵飬淵ѾͷģһǮġҲǶԸˣһշްնǼʮķޣǸ쵰ȴˡ
˼˼ͷѸЭҪǮøҵǮżǴĸŮЭҪǮǵ·Ѿᵽסˣӣû˭˭ȥģ㻹ء
۽ˮ䣬ͷս淵֡
˺Լһ죬˼˼һȥϽ˵õʱ仹һᣬ˸ĸ߲˳һ˲䣬յĳͶˡ
׼ʱԼص㣬ֻ˼˼һˣЩģòƭİɣƭһ٣Ҫ٣
ò˵Զʵе
˼˼֪ƣ߲˵ĳ߲ˣ󷢼ᶼҪˣΪԼһˣû뵽ֻ˼˼Ĺ˰
һˣ㡣˼˼һ䡣
ΪԼո뷨е
ֹ࣬ÿһ߲˵Ʒ඼Ǻܺõģˮ飬ôŶһζ
ײˣףܲȵ߲˶ѻһÿһǧң˵ǳ˾ָꡣ
ֻſţܾЩ߲ﲻԾ
ӣҶզôײҲ̫Ҷ˰ɣƹϳɶƷ֣ڷ˲Ծ
Ҽǿ·ǸӣɶҲˣ˵ɶ߿ƼũƷԵ㣬Ÿ߿ƼĶ˴һ㳤һ㣬һ㲻Ӱڸеġ˼˼͵
ҧһڻƹϣȻˣڸ֮ǰҪá
˫̸һȽļ۸󷢲˿һּΰѶߡ
˻˳ƣ󷢵ͽǮ˼˼˰ǧǮ֮ǰģѾһ׵Ԫˡ
ӣæˣĲ˵Ժʲô£ʳңȻʲô٣ôʶ˶ࡣ󷢵
˼˼ͷԺҪǻҪ߲ҲϵңҶͼۡ
˼˼Ȼô˵ȻԼҲύѡ
˵ַ˱뿪ˡ
ҽԺҺ˵ʲôҪ뿪ҽ֮󣬿ҩҲͬԺٿǮֻʮǮ飬ʣµĻ˼˼˼˼ԭգĸŮȻԼԭֻ˴ԼҪһٿ顣
ص壬ͺԸˣԭǽҲûֻ֤ǰ˾ϯֿҲֻдһԺûйϸŮ֤ٽĻǨ˳





11.  ı     峤ǽķˡ

峤ǽķ˺ĸŮ˵Ǹ۸˵͵Ҳ޲ɡ
ڴҵİĸŮĬĬ
ȵǰҲĲˡ
յ˺ѵĻţһЩ֤֤ͳš
ʱ󻹸Ŵ峤˼˼һͷˮ
˼˼ͬ־Ӧҵĺ٣ѾǴ֪ˣ˵ǱߵݣԺǺסɡ峤򵥵Ľһ¡
ͬ־ǴѧԺЩѧɾͰˡ
˼˼֪𺣲ľйϵ֪࣬ҸԼһСѧʦĹ˵ǴСãһʱЩ֪˵ʲôãûˣԼȥģҲֻԼԲˡ
˼˼û͵͵һٴȥһ˳˼ٿ鵽˼˼˵Ժѡ
˼˼ˡ
꣬˼ʮˣ˼˼Ҳʮˣ˼ʽ볯Сѧ꼶
𺣴˼İ࣬ɽװſαҲģġ
µһ꣬峤ҲҴµϢعƣǼͥаƣضҸʹú;ӪֻҪÿϽɹ涨ʳʣµĶԼġ
ϢǸ䶯ȫĺϢĻԸǣԼɻ漯ɻġ
˼˼Ҳֵ˵أźӱߵģط֣Ҳ㣬Ǵ峤˸š
Ҳۺ죬оһҡ
ƾʲôǸɨֵܷλãҶӵģȻҲҵġ˿
ô˵ʱǿɲռȥɽǿأǿؿɱɨĿ۾µµתţȻѧˣֻС
ɽǿر˼˼ֵĵزԶˣˮԴԶҲǺܺã˶ܿҲֻϲŻȥһС
ҲǰһԭͲǿأλƫ˵ﻹ֪ʲôɨƾʲôôõĵأ
ʵ˿ڶָ࣬𻨵ĻмأǲģĻĵز٣ÿ˿ڶ˼Ҷֵһ顣
ֻҪƼãǿֵġ
һƲƲ죬оǲм
ʱ˼˼Լڷղˣũ߲ˮһջ֮ȥ㣬ũʮѾʮˣѲݮ͸һſžӨıʯڼϣͨСһЩһҧҧ⣬ȫѹ֭
ݮͷС磬ϸ΢ᣬڸкüˡ
ָ׳ĸ˼˼ũ·߲ʳ˳ˮС˳
ֲͿˣԸɴĶһһƻһǧǮңԽԽǮܵĲ٣᲻ˡ
Ӻ˼˼ũ˳߳䡣
ůɢ͵ĺ磬͸ԺҶ߰ߵԺڣΪżڼңŸͷ񣬴һ䣬ֱϼڴ⣬ԡ£ߴݡ
һ翴һĻ˼˼ǳ⣬۰
ԷʱҪӷ£˼˼ܾˣз磬ɲ̫עˣرһң嵫ҲͦҪһӣֻҪʽ˼ֶˣͻ뿪
ˣҲûм֡
˼˼ءһŮԺ⴫
˼˼̧ͷһϣ󻹸źʱʱ͵һ۵˲
ӴءϿǰ⣬˼˼𻨣ֻһ㣬˼˼Ĳһ붼⣬ϿˮˣķΪ˲䷹ô˼˼ûҪһԵĴ㡣
£˼˼
Укءԣص뷨˵˳ǿ鿿ɽŵĵش컨׹
ֺ뵽ң˵ԼŰɡ˼˼úЦ
⺢ӣȥЩ죬һд֣ôǶһˡŬϵģ
Ǿɵ㻹ǿ߰ɣȻһƲסǴȥ˼˼
ԣʶסƨɣ˱˼˼ֵ֧Ŀ־塣
˼˼̶ΪãҲ̫˰ɡһ˵ᣬʹǰˡ
˼˼һۣҡҡͷˮ
·ҵİɣôţֵbƷΪҺôֱӸǮ˼˼˸ۣϴŵԭ£ߺøˣ˼˼ˣûҪ
㡭ҪŭƳԱߵ𺣣ָֻԼƽģ
һԣֶûзָĮ̬ȲûŭɰӾӦô߰
˼˼԰ɣһˣΪɵ˷ѿ࣬ô峤峤ܸ֪ǿصǲôá𺣵
峤˲ˣֵ뿪ˣһͷĸ뿪
ôݡҡҡͷ˼˼һ⣬뵽Լ̾һ
һ˼ڿĿɲݡ˼˼Цһ
һߣϺͷĻңͼӴ׵ľֱɨǡ
ɨǴǰۣɼȫװġϺܺ޵
ɲǣǰʲôʲôӲҷ㿴ڣǴٲһ㶫ŭ
ʵһӡϵ
ʲôӣ˵ɱЩС𻨵һۡ
˼˼Ҳ˼˵ʱˣɩڣ¿ɲҸ˸޳ȥʱޱǿأȫǵ𣿡Խ˵Խþô£ûаͻС˼
ǲǼ޸˭أҲûʲôʵѡݿɶǺõģϧˡƲƲ졣
һĬĬ²ۣ𻨼ҵĺ󱲺üֺпŮ˵ģʣµҲֻƽƽƽӹ֮ôˡ
һ뵽𺣶˼˼Ͷӣͺ޵תתװĿڣҼǵŴиӣʮü˻ûϱأϴŲ˵׼ٿϱ𣿡
𻨺һٿ飬۾һ
ûǸӳ˺öģˣҲûʲôãóٿ˼ҵҲίˣһһ˵žҪ뿪
úãȥ𻨵һζԶϱûаۣߴٵ
¶һóѵЦݣʱ˼˼޸ӣǲǾͿԺִһˣû˼˼ִһԿĺá
˼˼ԴȻǺ֪飬Ҳ֪ԼѾˡ





12.  ٴν          Թ

Թ˼˼˳һϴõѣһƿûбǩѾơ
𺣺һڣ۾һѾƣŨǼƷѾƣŪģӦòˡ
Լġ˼˼һڣǻһ˿ζζ
ֺһڣζԼ·ص˾УڸӦ꣬Ʊյ̸Ц
һԵ˼۰Ͱ͵Ŀˣ¶ϧ˼˼û취ֻժһ֭ˮֱﱬζʮ㣬ϲĵɴۣ㣬úó԰
ҲһֲѾôúȣҲͨѡ
ԺžƳѣò⡣
΢棬˼˼ԼеͷҲȾ˺ϼ˼Ǻͷҹգһûпôɾʵա
ǿճγҹˮ
𺣵Ŀ׷޷ƿۺС¹ƺŹ⣬װǹ⣬һۿȥС
ΣЩǱתﰵһǾƺȶˡ
ϣһΣǸЦССеĹڶˣڴ˺һŴ򿪷š
ôſڣСЦӯӯصƵͻȻ˼֡
죬˼˼ԼҵæѾϰũӦ֡
˼˼ؼһˣҡܹ
˼˼ɻʱ˭
æؼҡ
Ǹˣгء·ϣ˼˼
гʱϡһгüٿǮ൱һ˺üµĹˣһгǮ˵ı־
صң˼˼ԶԶľͿһɽװˣ߽˲ŷ֣ⲻ
ӣԺǰĹֵĹɻʵ
ƺ΢ɲü
磬ء˼˼ЦЦһ䣬Ҿǿۣⲻ㲻Űסġ
ӦõģӦõģλǡ㰮ˣ󷢿Ÿոսŵ𺣵ǰ˿ɲŮò
ȿȡ˼˼ǺĿ˳һˡ
𺣶ĺˡ
磬ᡣ˼˼𺣽ݡ
ᣬҲǹ˵ġ˼˼ЩεĽǰȥũֻ˵Լҵ˽ỹ鷳ٰһҡɷ򡣡
ûСɷڣû취Լġ
˵꣬˼˼ԼˣҲ̫ȡ˰ɣһӦİɡ
á˼˼һĨϣе
˺ܿٴλصԺЩ죬󷢱ʾ⣬˭ʱԼǻҲճճġ
ӣرлģΪ߲ˣҲ˲ְϴʵǴƳûתأʽΪƳˣЩҵؿ͵ʴˡ󷢴Цŵ
Ǿ͹ϲˡ˼˼Цŵ
ӵĸԸ̾ӻͳһرлġ
ⲻգϴεǮˡ˼˼ܾ
ⲻһǣҿԴͷˡ󷢼֡
غ󷢻ǰǮˣ˼˼һ
ʵһи㡣ֵҵһѣʳƷֵģҪһˮͷˮհû·۸ġ
˼˼۾һⲻ˯ͷϴλԼũˮ˺ܶء
֪λҪ٣ڿֻƻݮѣͷ󣬵ζܺõģϴǸӵƷ֡˼˼
Сû£ֻҪζþͳɡ󷢵Խ϶˼˼򵥡
ҵʣ𸴿𣿡˼˼ֱӾ˵УԵ̫ˡ
ȻԣʱֱʳҾС
̸У𺣰ĵһˣʱ䣬뿪˼˼Ժ˺ܶࡣ
ôˣ𺣺Цʵ
׬Ǯ˭ˣ˼˼Ÿݡ
𺣿ʼĬĬԼжǮ
˼գʳſڡ
ǼϢ˼˼𺣱󷢵İ칫ҡ
𺣽˼ٸһСԿ
칫ﻹһˣʳƷ󷢽ܼʶ
ʮģüĿ
˼˼ᣬֻһ˿죬ܿԼû¶ӣ𺣵ȲҲ˺üۡ
һ𣬺̸ܿ˼۸˼˼Ūôˮϲ۸Ҳг⣬˫⣬ַͻ֮ǰ󷢽׵Ľʱ
̸֮ˬĽһǧĶ˼˼Цü䣬ϲˬˡ
ﻹ£뿪ˣ뿪ǰԼǸ⣬˵»һǳԷ˼˼ʾû£Ժеǻᡣ
ˣһĴָ
ɱˣˬ죬мǣߣȻҿҲôõĺ顣
һҵѾٽ磬󷢸ɴĸԼ°࣬Ȼ˼˼𺣳Է
⸽һʲôţ棬Ȧĺܣϴκ;ȥһΣ֪ԲԵĹߡ󷢵
˼˼ϱûٳЩȱȱû󷢵ĺ⡣
һԵĹӪҲˡ
߿˲٣㿴ΧҲЩ˽˵ӣ˶ãͻʽָʾʱӺʹֵܾͿԴչȭˡ˵ĺ˼˼һ͸ʷһĲͬʲôʱ󷢵㣬ũеˮ߲˺ûĶ֮ˡ
һ뷨
ܿ죬˾ߵſڣʱװûкҲһܽӵ֣ԱǴһλϣó˵ǵˣ˼˼ȻǰԹֻͣǸӡʲô
𺣱ֵľͺѰĵİ˼˼ţкãСõ棬˼˼ѧϰĺ棬ܿٵľ˷
ʱƷ࣬˵ķҲ࣬˼˼һţһԼûԱӪĴ
ǰȥ˲˼˼ͺλϵ˳졣
󷢸ո˵˼˼µŮ˼˼Ϳſڽһ˺һŮ˼˼ʶŮ̫Ϥˣⲻýɻ
ûжܵĶ̸ɫ͸¶һǡ
˼˼΢΢ü
ǵλͦ۵ģԺܿɻҲһȻɫһ˿м
˼˼ԭ˳￴һ۾˹






13.        ⲻƳ

ⲻƳûϲЦŵ

󷢺Źǻ
һԵ㣿
ˣˣǳԸҲˣ÷ţˣãСȳȥɡ󷢿Ҳͷ˾˸ھ뿪
˼˼Ҳվûкɻк뿪ˡ
ϣɩʺáЦŵ
ˣ뿪ɻ״Ʋʵ
ǰǰһԹǲ֪ôƯӡ°͡
ʲôӣʶãûأǲǾÿˣȥɡɻĵ
أ˭Һɻÿ˳ûע⣬͵͵§§ɻ
ߡɻһ
ҲǸʵģţСޡ˵ԼЦ˵ӣûˣֻ󷢵Ľڡ
ɻЦһ˼˼İѱ䵽ˡ
ôӼЦˣ˰̫ʵϣҲ򽻵ţ󷢵
û£硣
ʵ˼˼Ҳ̫ϲոմкʱĿϣĪĶġ
ܿ죬𺣾ͳˣ˺󷢸뿪һͻ˴
죬˼˼һȥϴνķֿ⣬ûӿռˮó
ֵһᣬŴ˹ˡ
ѻɽˮ¶˺һһԸŹ󷢺ܵ⣬Ҳһûʶ
˵㣬ÿһˮٽͷȻСⱥɫƯûһġ
ȫҪˣˮļ۸ȱĹһЩ˼˼ǧǮ
л㰡Сͬ־ɸǳӽһ鷳ʵĸм
ûû£Ϊ˼˼
ҪŻسｻһ˼˼Ǹ⣬ʾ´һԷ
˼˼æֱʾûϵɶʱܳԣ¾Ͳˡ
ˣӣϴҰʵüĿˡ뿪󷢵
˼˼һԼȷǰ󷢰æҪ۵ķӻӡ
أ硣˼˼Щˡ
߰ɣ㿴ȥ
ҵķλúܲһķӣǰһ¥棬¥סˣ滹һԺӣԺһźܴӣʱǿļڣ͸۵ӣһ׺֦ϣᴵһƮڵϣʤա
Ҫϵĳкܽʮӵ·̡
˼ͷ׵ˣӰĺܺãΪҪȥʡǣǻķӡ
һǧٿɽмǣߣúܿ죬˼˼³¯дֵֵ֤Ҳű˭뵽ǧһƽķʱôˡ
٣Ҿ֪϶ϲЦǺǵص
̫лˣ磬ʱɩҼҳԶٱ㷹˼˼֪ʱûƷӼ۸ˣûǸϵ򲻵ӣ󷢰˴æˡ
ɣʱȥӵաˬص
صң𺣺˼궼ûл˼˼֤ŵũֿĴҪĶϰԵķŵũ
ũеĶֲҲ죬һһջ֣ʱũʾѾʮļˣ㹽㽶򣬵Сڲݵʱ˼˼Ķϵë˲һֻֻСһëһȫëëҪŬҲſü
˼˼˼ôëʱͿһֻСͻȻȻԼǰͽϵë
˼˼
ء
ëСͨСûʲôƺһҲոôһĻ
ë֯Ʒѡ·ʽͳߴ磬һɫԲëͳˣ˼˼ԣʣʺڲ䲻ȵָ˼һһ
ë˼˼ȥ˿㹽㽶
㹽һֺСɡڹͺͺϣӭ⻹һŤһŤģӣ㽶С׽СⱥŴһ㲻ɬڣǹƤҲܳԵģƤ㽶ζĲ˼˼ֱ³˺ü
մũ˼˼
ţͿһʮñӵİվſڡ
˵Ŀ´вĹƺʵ˼˼ϡ
˭ʲô£˼˼üʵ
ҽǿ㡣˺ٺһЦ¶һڴ
ɶҴ˰㣬Ҷʶ㡣˼˼˵Ҫš
û㣬˼˼һٿϱģ㳤ôÿҿ϶õġֵסţھȽϽ˼˼㱻ĿѬΡ
˼˼㱻Цˣô֪Լʲôʱͱˡ
ᣬ˿Ƿ㲻֪˭յǮ˭ȥ˼˼ԼѾµ˭ˣ޷ǾլˣͲˣΪʲôһ·ϸǣ
ǿɲУҾϱˣҲü޲Ҳüޡǿ¶Цݣ˵ͿʼＷ
˼˼һֵһֳǽŵľǿϴȥ
˼˼־ǿһʱûӦֻ֣ܱͷأ˼˼ûŹϡ
MDʶôĳǣӽ첻ӾͲǿŭ
ʲôһŭȴ⴫
˼˼һֱŵڷˣ𺣻ˣʵ侲ѾЩˣϾŮ̫ǿӲģһܷˡ
ûϵСһʰǿв
ˣ˵ûйϵ𺣵
ˣֲǲԸ޸أԭǼ˸СǿЦһޣʲôƻŮԭǸЬ
䣬˼˼ȭͷϵһƺߡ
æţͿ𺣺ǿŤһ
Ͻľȥæ׼˺üǿӴֱл
գռϷ磬ǿѹڵϡ
ҴȥҴ峤ڼҴšֳһӽǿϡ
Һһȥɡ˼˼룬ʱݼˡ
ǿ峤ȥ
һ·ϣǿ֣ðҷˣ֪˭ŪԹŮ
ٲҾͰһſˡޱ顣
ǿȻֹ
ôˣ峤ڼңǰ˾ȵʵ
峤ҺҵܻܵǰǴɡ˼˼ȿڣϲƫƫһ޿ĸо
զǣɶί˵峤ĵ
ոգܵҼң˵ٿˣͼҼҶҲ죬𺣼ʱȻ˼˼źºһ˿ʣǻǰ߰ɣǰåһλ֪Щʲôأֻȥզôء






14.  Ϊ      һԿ˼

һԿ˼˼ᣬǱһ£֪ϷǿƲסۡ
ǿɴۣոŮж౩ˡ
дҲ̫ˣ峤ŭǲѹҷɷ峤˵˭ǹ
峤⻰˵ˣԸģٿƸôҶ󶼷𣿡ǿɵĵͼѴ峤ͷϵñ׾ٵժ
˵ˣǺ̹˾ϱˣϼޣһС岻ôУҵǮɲܰ׻
ʱѾΧֵĴˣǿĻ˼˼𺣵Ŀⶼʼ
ʲôС˼ǱߵݣѧǴ֪࣬ɱſھ峤˼˼æ͵
˼˼һҲ⣬Ȼ
ᳫһ׸ĸ֮ý֮Ƿ⽨˼룬ô˱ԸĽײ˿ʲô㻹׼в죬ҿҼʱϵֹ㣬Ȼɴֱ˷ɣоŭ⡣
Ӵ˲𰡣˭ҲģȻЩǣ̸Ů¹ҵҶȥ𣿼ʹҲܲӵ°ɣǿʼǿʶ
ʲôӣ˭󣿲Ҫ˵˵ˣ˭յǮ˭ȥǲ޵ġ˼˼üǿˣıܼ
ΧѾΧһЩˣǿĻЩԥϾԼҲĸ£˼վͽԼҹŮŮ޹ȥ汲ģզͲأ
Ѿͷ᲻ˣϾٿóҲСĿļͥҲɡȺпʼв˽˵
ǰҼҹŮзŸʮǮء
ҾзΪǲף⻹ģôǮɼϡϱġ
ûˣɲ̸

ʼһߵ˼˼ۿš
ƺǿ봳ͼľٶֻ˵ǮǸö
峤ɵøҺĺ˵ôõ£ãмˣֵͷˣ϶һ߰ɣʡŮʱȺϤĿص
Ϻ𻨹ˣһŴȾͿʼ޺
ʲôޣӶˣһ¾ֻһףҺú˵峤ŭ𻨵Ŀһ١
峤ˣ˼˼¾Ĳˣ̿ΪãΪ˸࿴õģһȶˡҲһ԰ǻ
ĺܲ˵Ů𺣵
ǰôõôý㣿˼˼ʵ
ҲŲҪ޸е͵͵һۡ
ϸϽ͵͵һѣ϶ѳЦݣⲻõĿ϶ţý㻹ż
ü˵ʲô˼˼ֹˡ
Ȼ̺ңǸ׼˶ٴȥѹǮûûǮе˼˼˵
ܣԼĿڴһѾͷƬҪʲôǮ˼ٿ鶼õóôȱģ޹ȥȻĸ
һæͷͣʲôѹǮҹɾͷֲ˶ˡ
Ӵ˼ҿǸٿƸõѹǮôˣΧ˿ȥˡ
ѹǮ׼Ů޹ȥ˰ۡ
˵ŮҿǼǮۿ
Χ𻨼ˣҲɵˣˣֱ˶
ǶƨŮ͸Ͳʲô£ǼҴ̳ܲģ
۾˵ϹҴǿԺζȫռˣˣһȶˣ˿ĺݣأ޹ȥѲƤʱȺһʶǿӿڵ
˻Ȼ˻ǳˣ
Ҫʲô죡㳤ˣ߳ŭҪ˹ȥˣסˡ
ǰ㶮ӡǿмĿڣ˿ûлڸ֮⣬ҲͬλӵĻ
Ҵ˭֪Ҿ࿴ô𡣡
𻨣峤Ĭ̲סˣģ˼˼˼겻ŮĵԲˣôô񶾣
촽˶ٿ鰡˭ҼŮܵٿ飬ǼǮܸ͹ȢϱⱾ͸϶ֶӳǮ޹ȥ˰Ҳ
ҪҪ˼˼ĬĬ²һ䡣
ⲻŮʲôֱ޿ɾҩ峤ָ𻨵
˵ָҲ׷ϣƤѾ޳ˡ
һáʱžƷ˲Ⱥ˹ҿ򑡳
ǽӵ˵˷Ƿסլ˿ڵķǷΪΪ׵ľĵ
ᣬᡣ𻨿ȶˣ
ǿ죬ɫһ䣬͵͵ߣһץסԭضá
ᣬͬ־ǵˡ˼˼վ˳׵Ľ˳һ㶼ûͼӴס
ǿǸĻӣֶ֪˼ΣǺͿΪֹģģʵһϳͲ
ǿѾŵý˱ˣΧȺҲɢˡ
һԭأɵһ㶢뿪ķ򣬰Σһ߿һܻ˼ҡ
û°ɣ㡣˼еʵϻմź飬ո𺣸ȥܵȥˣǸ쵰ûôɣ
û£ôʲô⺹˼˼۵ĸ˲顣
ˣѾûˣȻȥɡ峤ЩƣĻ˻ֵ֣ͷʹˣҲ֪ôôôڣ˼˼˼궼ǺúӣǺһܻʮ֣Ǿ벻ס
л峤æ˼˼ٴεлź˼һͬ뿪
û˾ô۸֪˸öۡ峤ϱ߳̾һ
⺢ӰҲӡ峤дȻôҲǰ׳ġ
صң˼˼һˮ˼ȥϴ裬ûˮһЩȪˮƽʱҲ͵͵ķһЩʳˮ˵嶼Ҫ֮ǰϲ١
˼˼ȥ˳ũջһֻոëְ˼ܲ׼һ
ոսϣԺﴫ߳ȥһѾϴˣո÷ëɫëĵ޳忡ʣüƺ˲١
۾ʱ΢΢䣬Ŀ
˼˼ͻȻҵ





15.  ͷ   㣬·ź

㣬·ź˼˳ϵºϲ£졣
ϲͺãԺٸ˼˼˵ת˳Լ̵ɶأɡ
ζܿӿ˼̨ˮ˼˼úЦӹһ
˼ֻζٱζȫռ죬Ȼֻ˼򵥵ĵζϣһζûУһ㣬ѾĺˣóԵͷȥˣٺһů
ֹһᣬѾ̰ףܲҲѾ֭ϱ̵Ĵлһͺˡ
ллˡϣ˼˼𺣵л
û£ܱҵҡЦЦ
˼˼ĪñˣֻܶԼ졣
ʲôʱпˣҸΧǽŪ鲣뵽һĻ𺣳ɫԼһǿȥ˻ᷢʲô¡
˼˼ͷҲЩ£ԼǻһЩȭţҲƽŮӴһЩǺ˱ǲ˵㡣
Թ˼ϴĹ˼˼ݺֲˣȻũУƾóܻ˻ɣؾǺܺõĽڣѾũļ˼ֻԺ
Ҳæһûһ죬շг
ʱԺĴűһ߿ŭ˽
˼˼ССôô񶾣˿飬̺ǷһСþץߣôô˽ˣǴĸϺ滹үү
˼˼ӺͼŭĵŸմֻˮ˼꣬ǰ˼굲󣺡ʲôһСǰʲô硣
˼˼ȥץںסˡ
𺣽˼˼˼궼Լ󣺡ʲôºú˵
һûϵҵ¡ü
Ҫ־ͺйϵ𺣴粽ãĿʶһ
ǳĻ£ڸϽȥ֣˵ᣬþǷųôˣôܵˣָʹĶ˼˼
˼˼ȷʵĲԣһд֣ô˵ҲһˣǱץ˶ʲôôҸһþ̷ְˡẓ́ƹ˵
԰˼˼ͱˣԺɲһε̣ǰ;ͶˣԺ˲ҲҪֵܰ𣿿ԺҲкôϵ
һҽ㣬ǡ˼һŬΪԺ˭Ҳ۸
˼˼˼ԴǰȺˣֻ÷̣ƽʱ˼걻۸ӵʱûһվˣǾȫָĲԡ
һ˵ֻɣһΣˡ
ƾʲôǰǿʱô˵ǱǹҲҵһӣǶҺһ㣿үүҽһүүûļ޸ǿҹʲôӣһٴһٴҲСıˣ˼ô죿ֻΪԼһΣôʹ治˽ˣ
˼˼һʷ·һϣͻȻԼʵҺûʲôڸеĶӣ֪ԼĶŮЩν۸ǻĵİɣһں̣̾һ
һεȷ̫ˣϾ̡
ûΪ̣ûȥ侮ʯѾһˡ˼˼
˼ǰס˼˼֡
Ȼһ̣ǺͻȻִǰǸԵŮˡ
ⲻǻû޹ȥЩ趼ҲûܵʵԵ˺˵ôûõģڣҲǻѡ̳ģ
ҵܿô۸ǣУΪ˭춼ҵģʱҴвȥֿ˼˼ҼñұʱǶȥ̺ǽԴϲһҪ롣
˼˼Щ}ˣ豻סĻûü˵
ˣ߰ɡụ́кһȻתˡ
զܾôˣ;ûءʵ
ǰҪ˿ɾˡҲЩż
ǵ뿪Сͷ˼˼һۣת뿪
û°ɣļʾο
û£Ͳǵˡ˼˼
㣬㻹ء˼
֪ԺҾͿ˼ˣҪŬ˼˼Цŵ
һֹʵҲǵġ
ڶ죬ϢǿΪǷסլˣå꣬˿ûʵ֤ݣ˫ҧֻǹƸֻǹѺһڣһǧΪͷ
Ϣ˼˼ûжʧ֮еĽ֡
լͷ˵ֻǹѺ¼ڰһǰરળẓ́Ĭԡ
˵Ҫֲ˵ˣֻ衣
˲ǮѾûɶǮˡӲͷƤ
Ǿ͸ûǮˣǮǶ𣿻ǸǿٿǮǿһӶûš§ϱڣСӿɰڵĹǺ
̹ڴؿ˿ģŵˣǮһġ
˵꣬Ҳ֪ʧǱʲô־뿪ˡ
һں𻨻ſ˵ǮأȻǺ󻰡
˼˼ŷż٣˼һͬȥķӣ˼ҲϲԺеӣΧ˺üȦϵЦһֱûȥ
㣬ǵķԺסʲôʱ
ˣǾͰ˼˼֮ǰҪһЩҾߡ
ҡֹ־ÿ˿ڣԼѾƤסôãǶҪˣԼѲɻţδ̫Ƥˣһ뵽Ҫ뿪ңͿʼƲѡ
Ժס˼ڣǼӲɹ⻹µҪá͵̧ͷ˼˼ЦӯӯǰԼΪĸǽһ̱ƵĲ˼飬˶ʮ꣬Ů֮Ҳһϲ֪ͨԼСˡ
á
ϻصң˼˯֮𺣽˼˼Ժ¡
˼˼˵һ˵Ҽ¡ͳҸĸȷȥˣҼﻹһ壬Ұְֵ׵ܵܡ
˵üͷƺԸЩ¡
һֱҺܺãҸĸȥҲչң߳ʧȥĸıʹǶʱİѶ嵱εˣӦҲ³ˣҵļҾȥһŲǶӡ





16.  Ҫ⳥     ҲˣôҲ

ҲˣôҲû뵽ҵĺãǼٵģĿǻȡҵΣȻϢȥͳΪЩŲΨһ̳ˡ
𺣶˶ٲż֪ҷ˼˿ûԽţʼĿŵˣ˼ҵ죬ҾǱɳ׷乵ףЩɥھлŴ˵ĺ
˼˼ĿɿڴȻǮ˵ֻڵӺС˵
ס߬ȭ֣ůҲοġ
ѾûˣԴҵѾƽ˺ܶ࣬ҺϲƽҲϲ㡭ǡ𺣿˼˼Ĺǳ
˼˼ΪһͻȻͿʼգо˵ʲô˵ĻϽתƻ⣺֮ô죿
ھһѣһֱڰѼ֤ݣҲϵеҵ飬ҰְֵŲʱˣʱˣȻͻԭα¶𺣵
ʵһ䣬ǸʱԸԸһͬؾУʣŵ
һεҹ̸֮˵Ĺϵ׽˲٣֮ͬǲ޵ĸĤʧˡ
һܺ𻨺ϱ˳˪˵һ㣬޾ɵĴӾ߳ţһֹסˣ۵һ˳Լ࿴ϱǺܰģæСο𻨳ǷһۣˣɥأǴϣ
ίίͣᣬʵûھܶҪｹǺԼĥ
صңɻҲϸ˻
ô£עҪҹˣ۵ҺܲͷϷƢ
ֻ֪̺ҪǸǮȥôءϳü
˼˼˼˼һҳݵŮ˰ˣĴθǴ鷳ĵȫȻԼȥǣ˼ҲǷˡ
ҵһ£ϴκһȥ͵ʱ˼˼ˣһλһԷκ˵ǸŵġɻƲ˵
һܺõİѱֻҪõõԶֻܷ²ȥ취Ϣ͸¶̺֪
ְˡĵ
ô򵥵С¶ܸңֻ˵̫ûˡ
÷ϸеЩİֻתƻѹͷĹУɻǸδôˣɶʱؼҸ
żأ˼һĴΣæأпһɻ¶۵΢Ц
ҲǣǲǺúõľС¶һ˿΢Ц
˵Ż洫˶ǻˡ
ˣ̺úÿˡΪû·ζ϶Цݵ𻨣һ˿ײ
˼˼ʱһڵæһߺ͸صĺ죬ĲѾˣڻڵǨ˳Ҳ˵أһǰ˼˼ġ
ȥһϴ빤ĻһҲʮǮҾڼֵأæʱȥϸæ׽ԼԵģʣµĻǮ㹻Һˡ˵ЩЦĴӹȥ߳ˡ
ӻԽԽõġ˼˼ҲȾ鲻Խ¶΢Ц
ǰǰΧżǿתǼҵţô꣬ûõһã붼ÿЦںˣʲôţҲ˺ĸŮˡ͸żᶨǸĺֻˡ
㣬öͬѧ·ģҿԸ𣿡˼ѧʵ
˼˼۾һ԰·ҡ
ũ˼ͷ򣬶ѻëҲԽԽ࣬˼˼ûطãڼѾëëΧë̺о챻ëΧˣһ˯ԺжСԼëĹ档
˵ʲôأ𺣴߽ЦʵһVëë£һӿ۵һţſݣ˼˼
˵ǰκһС⣬һ
˼˼Ʈ˸˳һͷˮ
·ˣһʮ飬㡣𺣸Ǯݸڷ˼˼
˼˼ûнӣĹŰɣʲô
ŰɣԺÿµĹʶû㡣һѽǮ˼˼ת߳ȥ˼˼תͷۼĿ͸˵Ķ䡣
㣬ɵЦɶأոˡ˼ɻĿ
ûɶô࣬ҵдˣ
˼꣺
լʱոճ극𻨻ڰ̾˵Ǯӣﻹڲɲ˼˼
ˣͣɣ
𻨵ɴۣŵĿ˴뱲ӵ˵ɶ
ۿžҪһδսͻȻ죬ո߹ȥ׼ţһžͱ߿ˣӿˣȫֵˣһСϸ
أΪһӺ
ϸոմŵһڵϡ
λ磬ϱɶ£ӲͷƤǰʵ
ƭֵٿǮְֵŪҪǮģΪ׵˴ɤŵ
ǿ͵ܵҲǸ첻ߣڵǳĻ죬ܶĲϷСϱͨҲʶ˲١־ͬϡˣ죬ʹôһ˹鷳
ҵΪҶһģĹҶϱûȢȥˣǮ⻹òٿǮϸվĭɵ˵
ΣһǮҲסˣԼǸӣץãǱ۽˼쾯ֻûҪ⳥
ޣ÷εϻԼŮ˾ӻҶӣҪǲ⳥Ҿӣ
ȵȣлú˵ȽǴҺúмԲ
ΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬һҲסˡ
µģֵԽԽãôﶼһܴﵽĿģȻӦ
˵첻ǮóǾͲˣǿɵĵ
ʲôǮۼﻹǮ𻨵
ûǮ⳥һϱҲУȻҶ˵꣬༸˶ʼЦЦ
ԭһЦȴ𻨵棬۾תת˼˼ʱﲻиŮҵҲǿģծҲ˵ùȥ
һϱĲǵ鷳ˣʵ
룬Ϊ̫һʮ˻ûϱͷˣиϱҴڽӴҲ





17.  ·      һϱҪ

һϱҪٿǮϸҶӲܰ⼸
Ϳôľ֣ϱǣ㻹Ҫȥ϶ҵ鷳סҪȥ۵𻨡
ֲֹһŮﲻһ𣿡һȻģ
Ծֵĵɴۣ˼˼ΪʲôᳶһͲʲôöŲҪޣ
Уһڷ
Ȼ˵ô죿ǵķӣǮ𻨷ʵ
˵İɣһѾͷƬӶѣü޳ȥģЩҪ˷סġϴչ˵ﻹ§űŵ˵
ԴôŮŮҲͦϲģһ뵽Լ᲻ùŮԼŶӾûסԺƽһ¾бˡ
ָӣ˵ǿ׹Ů
ĻֻһƬ䣬һȦԼסʮķӣţǴȥˣܡ
𻨻ںϸۣ޹ȥټ⳥һٿ
ϸм뿪ˣ뿪ǰլĴţ˶ڣûһǰֹ
Χ۵˷׷ҡͷ꣬ͽɶӦ
⼸ҰŮˣʲôӡ𻨾ʲôʧһǧǮ
֪ˣİɣҾ֪˲Ը⡣æ
ɶԸģʱѺȥ˷ȻԸˣ˭ҲġĮ˵иûһ
һҳ趼Լ￴ⳡ־磬ûǣԼǱ˿ģ˾ͻ˷ʰ˯ˡ
˶ɢˣֻվԺòĴţ̾һ
ڶ죬˼˼Ŵ˵£ֻý֮УϾһӶ˽ˡ
𻨰Ŷҡҡͷ
ʱ֣˼˼ſ˼λˣſںĴ˼˼ôӵ˱òʵλ𣿡
˶һģΪסԶ˼˼ǲ̫Ϥֻ졣
˼˼ɣסڴβҶӺܵһࡣһʮĸǰЦŵ
ãɣȱˮ˼˼򿪴ţ뼸˽ѾŲµʲôˡ
ԺӣͽĿ˵˳ȻΪ˼ϵë
һûôÿᱡֱů·֪ﻹûУҶӺһˮǮҶˡ
ŮһŮҪ࿴żң׼ÿһѡһλƵӵ
ʽһ֣Ҳֲڣ΢һģƤĥˣ˼ǼãͣҲ֡
еģǵһᡣ
˼˼صóëԲVĿͷģм޴£
·˶ǰһ׷Χ˹
ԭôʽɫ
˼˼ӣզôɣ¿Ҷһȥˡ
ºƯиݣʡģ˼ٶһ£Ȳÿ
˼˼Щ·ôģǸˬˣֱ˵ʵ
Щëģʮһ޴ʮһЩ·Ҳģġ˼˼룬һ̫Ҳ˵ļ۸
Ȼһλ۸񣬽·ˡ
ǶǵһһģҸǴۣԺ󣬻ϣܰҶ˼˼ֵ
䣬λ϶¶΢Цַ׷׼ѡУԭֻ׼˺·ģڿ޴º󣬸ı⣬Ƭʱ䣬˼˼Ѿʮ·ٶǮ
˳ߴԼȡ·ʱ䣬˼˼Žδļͳš
һŽëƱ˼˼̣Ǵˡ
˼𺣻ûлȥһũ·˳Žֿżó
ջһ߹ũˣʮ弶ˮϣ߲˽ϳ̬һСûѣˬڣһֻĴָСƤһԣһһҲɿڣǺɫĳζʮ㣬ũΪΪ˳ûмʱջͻԱũζ
˼˼һΣũļѼţ򶼱ũûֱһĴڡ
Ϊ̫ǿ˼˼һЯ
ôӳ̳ʮϺ˼˼óһһɹϺ
𺣺˼ʱŵһŨζζ㣬˿ˮҪˡ
˸ɹϺ˼˼һˮƬ죬ζƮԶһٴҶԵĺ죬ôҲͣ
ʱլϣ˻ˣȻûƬ⣬ǲ겻ڵѾǺѵˡ
Կ⡣ϼһ
һۣһ᲻ȴƫҪװȵŤģЦһҲûƴǣڽ
ҲҪ⡣ϡ
úúãС
ϸոսȥͼʣµⶼһڳˣЩ뵽𻨵Ķ
ȥ·ҵǮ
һѾͷƬʲô·ܻܵû·أŭ
ϱҪȥ򣬴һҲãϾСˣҲ˵˼ҵʱˡסͷᣬڵһǧ飬·Ǯɶ
ϲҷֻôӶóǮݸһȥ
ǮںÿĶҪʮءֵ
㡭ϸҪˣ⿴𻨾ˣôһΡ
ʮǮԼķ䡣
磬ϴţȥϣȴҲҲϲһ磬ʲôûš
Ǯȷɣϲ򡣡
СѹԼĻ
˼˼ӵʱ򣬿ԼſվһˣǸĹͷ黨费ǰһӣǸİס
˭˼˼ʵ
￴ʱ˲һ˿⣬˼˼Ŀһɻզˣ
ʦס𣿡ʵ
ʦ˼˼Ӧ˼ŷӦ𺣵ġ
סɶ¶˼˼ʵ
ҽлӢͬ£ͽ̰Ӣĵ
˼ңˮһȷȹµİٺϻʦٿԼ˼˼ͷһԼմĿȣиɻ鲼ǸûĻʹǰƴѧҵҲȲ




18.     ûҪҪ

ûҪҪ˼˼ͷǵĲʵ
ðллʦģӢʵ
šݣס˼˼ѾˣҲֻԲ
Ӣ۾˼֣һ۾ܿʲô
ȥ·˼˼һˮǰȥ
ôˣ
·⴫𺣺˼ǻˣ𺣵ͳɤͻӢ߽֯һȻ쳣г
˼˼׼ŵͻȻͶסˡ
ǶǴ֪࣬ʦһ󲿷ʱ䶼һɲŮòվҲ˵Բԣʲô
ʲôôȥ˼֮ʣƿŹ˽
ûʲôôˣλʦأ˼˼ΪԼ˼ﻹЩͳ
ѾˣֻǸһݽ̰𺣵Һ죬ƽʱѧУҲû˵
㡭˵ʲôĪ˼˼ȴһһȸԾ
ûʲôֻɲҪᡣĿһֱϣǹǳǳЦݣѾˣԺͲ鷳ˡ
˭ˣǣȥˡ˼˼ʱ߰Ų𺣿ϵĺΡ
ĶӵıӰǵЦǳ
ĻѾһ䣬˼˼ʱʱܣ˽ܣһҲľľܸӵĵ񻨣ƽƽľͷﶼܱ棬񻨸Ư
ǰ˶ʱڣЩʱɣǲڵģҲ˲ˣ⼸һ㣬ľƾһЩ˺͸߳գֽ
ʱ򣬻˼ҵүأοյģ÷գʱүһӣһɵȥҧǽһҧһӡ˶֡ȥľüɫ裬ӵʻ
ľﻹղźܶľͷ˼˼ⷽ治ֻ̫ľѧͽܣʲô̴ľƻ棬ЩںǼֵǵľͷ˼˼ֻ˼ٿȫ׼Ҿߡ
ľҳ˼˼ȥһ˺УũѻһЩĻãѾˣоеһǸӳ˼˼̷۳ཱུģõòˣûӴͳ˼˼ʵ˿ͣкܶ¿ͿΧ˹ܿ챳¨Ϳˡ
˼˼ҲԱ߹ĨѯûСʰһ¾Ϳ첽ˡ
֮ȥһ˹磬ѼƷ룬ȥ̯һ廨һ⣬¨Ĳţ˴ӡ
˼˼ڼҰոջؼңʹӸڹˣ˼˼˵ӵˮ
ڵϺˮĿʱʱϣֹ
ǲǳɶˣ˼˼ʵ
Ҳûɶ£ǡһЩ㲻õԡü
˵ɶˣ˼˼ɻ
˵ϸǮˣ˼ﻹźӣҲ֪˭죬㲻µģ㣬㷳ģںö˶ڴȥЩ฾ˣһһ֪զ𣿡
ոһ꣬˼˼ˣϴκ󷢳ԷɻײˣȻðýֺͷ뵽ô¡
лл֪ˣ¾Ǹᡣ˼˼򵥽һ¡
ͺãҸȥһ£ʱˡ
˼˼룬ȥһϡ
ǺҪģ˼˼䲻⵫ҲҪ
»ٲ󷢰æҪæζű˵ʵԼʵǷޣԼĻԴԴͷҲµ⣬˼˼ѵıӦɡ
󷢽͵ĹУ˼˼ģϾǸܲĺ飬æ
˵󣬰칫Ұ˼룬ˬʵЦոտһ࣬һΪɶ£⣬һСĴүǺһЩǶԵģʱֻ֪һʮСġ
˵ĺֱס
Ҳ֮١˼˼ӡ
ģ¿ɲɶС£Ҹֻһʱ϶ˣý㿴ҲģƲڳ󷢵
ǾͶлˡ˼˼ͬ鼴ʧҵԵʴȾǶԼ̣ЩǱƵ
ɶˣӣǻ߲𣿾ָ꣬ҵŪһǧϴǸ߲ζرã쵼Ҫһ֡󷢵˼˼ΪԼ»Դٴѡ
еģ㻹ϵطߡ˼˼Цŵ
ɡ
ӣ￴˻ͦ׼ģֵܰԵֻءǰ󷢵٩
լϴͷæӭȥզˣ
ڴﶼˣҶ֪ǸǮʲô£ϵĵ
ҿզᣬھִôĳǱˣߵ
һԿһֵۣͷȥǿ˵Ķԣ»ȥ
Ǯô죿ԺҪ˵ϱءϵǵ
ɶǻǼҾͺϾϵҲһӲ˵ɨǣҪ£ҿɾݲˡ
ɲǣҿûˣҪ缸꣬ǿҪνֵġϲмĵ
ǵĶԻĺ޲˼˼ǿɶ񣬵ǸɶĻһȺĶˡ
ѾҸֽѾŪʮǮȫ
ûͬһȥæ֪ģ˯Ҳ˽ں˯һҪҵܻǺܲס
ȥѩࡣɵϣޱĺߵϵ
ɶѩ࣬㶼ٶˣۼжǮǮȫţⶼǺò״ģƽʱøءϱԹ
ɵúܣҪǼˣԷ˻ô죿
ѾҪ˵Ϣ͸¶ˣµǿԳΪһܺõĽڡ
һ뵽һŰ棬˻ˣааɣѾͷƬӻûǮؾȻôǮȥԺ󰡣һָֻܡ
ϵ߶ȥںҹе컨壬þ޷˯
˼գλӰԼõʱõ·
һλӣλЩ죬·͸Ͻ뿪һ仰Ҳ˵Ϲϵ
ȥǰ˰ŪǷǣġЩεĵ
û£쳤ڱϣǰ˵˵ɣҲٿ⡣˼˼ĵ





19.  Ͼϵ          ͡

Ͷ, ˲Ųû£ֻǶġһԵ
ǾɩءȤ
ʲô, ǹ˰ˡҡҡͷ
˼˼֪ҲܹһԱɷڲڼ, æҸ˼æ, ˵ͱ˺ˣԭе, ȴңƵӲ־, ӵԡ
ЩΪԼվڵ¸ߵ, ⲻ֪Щ˵Ļһʹȡ, Ҳõ˺ۡ
ڴͬһӿ˼˼ߵﶼ
˼껹ѧУͱ˴һܣһһĻ
˼˼ҩʱһֱޱ, ˼ʱʱ͵һۡ
㡭˼Се, ԲҲúͱ˴ܡ
˼˼˱ۣǿͰ͵һ˲, ҲͻҸ˵ר飬ЩԸ˵˵, Լͺã½Լġ
֪ˣ㡣˼ͷһֻĹӡ
˼˼ûסͷ֪˾ͺã´β³çˣʲô֮ǰҪú룬Ժ󻹵ء
˼ͷһ˿Ĺâ
˼գʱ˳ԴǵҪƷв˵˼˼ܶϾϵ
峤ҳҪĺˣûԺ͹ôϱҪǶϾϵ峤ңֱ׳ĵ
»֪ôأҪϾϵⲻǰ˼˼ڻϿ𣿡峤ü
Ҷô˵϶Ƽ˲ŻᴫͿǸɨǲʲôöһ㶼Т˳㿴ڻȥмͥ˽һҲϾϵðҶˮ𻨵
µð˼˼лǵ峤
ܿ죬˽˼˼˻ΪҲ˹
˼˼̾ǶϾϵô˵峤ѯʵ
ԣϹϵҪϸɾԺҲκϵ˼˼⡣
ҪԺɾûһܰĵˡ峤˵Լ仰ЩЦ̾һҲգǽϵɣǵҲܹ徻㡣
֤һʽݣͷ˴¡
õ峤֤𻨺϶ֵĺܸˣΧ˵˼˼Ļ
ʵ֤߱ЧӦ˼˼ߵ
֪ǲ֪͹ˡ˼˼Ժû˸Ҳͦġ
լ𻨺ϲĻ˼ҡ
ȥˣɻĿˣԴºͺٳˣ¿˵ָָ㡣
ûȥġ𻨶ʹһɫ
Ҳûжʣֻ˷䡣
զܸߵأɻ
ھ֪ɨ˵ʲô𻨷һۣɱ˵©ˣҵȥ֤
ϻ˷䣬˯ԼҶӣôôÿ
ô඼Ϊ㣬Ժɵöһ㡣
Ӧֻ೤ĺ
ϣ˼˼ȥũĲƺϣտգһֻûëСɣֻĶˡ
ũƺԶûڣ¶Ҳһֱůʣʺȼ١
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˼Ҳũ˼˼̾һ䣬ũС˼һ䷿
ʮɴ˽ũǸûĻеٴ˵һ仰ʧˣ˼˼˵ʲôٸӦ
õϢ˼˼ܸˣȭͷԼҪʮ
ĩʳƷ˼˼峤ҲһԣϹЦݡ
ΪԶѾͨˡ
⼸λʳƷ쵼λΣ˼˼ܵܶǺúӣһֱ¡峤һԽܵ
˼˼ͬ־ҲΪǳһܴ⣬ǵ˼˼ͬ־Ѿر𽻴ˣһദε
˼˼ʳƷͬ־ʲôί˵峤
ллΣҲǹġ.̲.˼˼ٴߡ
˼˼ͬ־̫ˣѾˣ¾ɻΪ֮һ˽⵽ְλԭͬ־ȡģɻȡ֮ԭԵ⣬ɷǳӵӰ죬˶Чǻˡ˵ţֵ֮󣬲֪㻹ԸԸǳ
˼˼ίܾΣ峤һԼüŪۣôõĻ᲻ץסʵ̫ϧˣԼ뷨
ȻźôСͬ־ʲôܷⷢȵġεǸ㹤ʧĲ
˵ݹһŽᣬ˼˼ۿкüٿ顣
ƴ֮˼˼ˡ
峤ȥɻ˼˼ͬ־Ҳһε
ʱլɻôŴСˡ
ģ˵Тǵġɻĵ
Ӵ龫ôĶøǸɶ˷ˡ˵ϵȴЦӡ
ôĶҲ治סȥŽ
ϵɫÿˣҷ𻨣ֻĿ龫ˡ
û£ԺλģԺ󶼸ţ֪ɻĵ뵽εֺ˼֡
ɻûռ˰ɣ֮ǰɲܷ󣬲Ȼ˵ĭӶ㡣϶
ɻЩ֪ˡ
ʵκһʱױеģ롭ֻûӦ
˵Żűˡ
峤ɶ£ţſվŵǴ峤һˡ
ʳƷΣҺɻ¡峤
Σզˣɻμ˼æ˹ȥ
ɻͬ־ǳĵ飬ɢ˼˼ͬ־ʵҥԺṤΪѾ֤ʵҳʽ㣬㻹дһ˼˼ͬ־ĵǸ飬Ǹ
仰˵꣬ɻ˼֣ĵĺ˼ô鵽ϣ
ܣҸûκ˵˼˼ҥԣ
ǰգҳͬ־ã̵Ŀ֤ʵµԴͷ㡣
մڳɫһ䣬ǰյȷһڼЪţëǮˮȣһˣɶ˵ȻҲ˵ҥԣĨ˼˼ǲġ
£ɻʡ
ɲǣǸʳƷŮۿģҪǣǻ֪ء𻨺ǵ˵
ⲻˣԼһӡ




20.  Ǹ          ᣬᡭ

, ᣬ쵼Ϲ˵ġæǰ
֤ݶǰ, ƱûõģҳһֱעԱ⣬ֻǿ˼˼ͱһԷ, ûʵ֤ݣͱôƵ, Ʒɼһߡ
ٸһλɣ, ֪ˡɻ˵ǰĿֻ޷Ŵ, ȫƾڼвһĵλڼǰ԰, ҵĽûй, ʲôûˣ
ûõģ˺˼˼ͬ־αܿ˵
Ҽſվߵ˼˼
뵽ԼոյֲõĶϾϵ֤, 𻨵ɫѿ
˼˼ҿý, ˵˵֪ˣ𿪳ң
˼˼϶ŽӲЦҲӭ, һ˲˵һͰýɡ
ѾһˣźҶϾϵǶ֪𣿡˼˼ʵ
ɫѿ, ô᲻֪뿪ʱڷ͵أﻹڳЦԼǹʹ𻨺ϣôҲ벻ЩЦͱ˰ƣݺݵϣǶ͹Ǹɨǡ
ʲôϾϵһЩ£̶Щ
ʲôһ˼˼ˣżæŵȥ˴峤ҿ˺ͶһҶϾϵ֤߳𻨺ˣֻó졣
Ҿ㿴ɵĺ£Ҫȫ²ð𣿣̶ݺˤڵϣָŭ
𻨴δôĻһʱЩɡ
⡭ôܹأ
ô㣡汲ûгֹϾϵ£Ҫôڽ϶ôģôôݲǣʹļ׵ĵ
Ϊʲô϶ǸǣԺ˵ֿ˵ܿ˸ĸҪǴѣҺڰʱôͰڱһʱǼûһ찲ӣڻҪɨӦңŴڵŭ״Է׶ӣǳһ㡣
ͬ־˴뱲ӣôôͿЩǷ⽨ţŲãΪ˼仰ԼŮأ̫ˣһԵζȥˡ
һ߾ҵǺ޲ˣһТÿ궼ǼһʳǮ̴á˼˼ΪԼǸʵͽТ˳ĵеôТ˳ﶼ޲ôû
ţĻһѹ
ТҲӦõ𣿡һֱ׳ģ
Χ˷׷ҡͷ
һǵͨ죬ָ˵
̣ˣ˵ҹ⣡ɻżĵʲôڶҪ
Ѿˣ˵棬峤ලɶ˼˼ͬ־ĵǸţǾˡ˵ת뿪ƾɻ󺰽С
˼˼ʹ峤Ҳ뿪լ
զˣεˡ
󣬴峤֯һᣬɻڻ϶ԼĨ˼˼Ϊ˼֡
˼˼˼ڵһţլһûյɻʲԸĵǸ󣬴󷽵ԭ˵ԱҲ˼˼ջһøС
˼˼֮ǰǲ˽ʵ飬ˣԲ𰡡
Ҷб۵ģΪء
кЩ˶Χ˼˼Ǹм⣬в֪ʲôط˵ʳƷ쵼ϵҪ׽ģЦ˵ûʲôȴΪ⣬һǰӾ̨ʣǸõĻҪ
ΪЩ벻ˣǵĵǸܻʲôأ
Բһæûϡ 𺣵ҲԣҲȥֹվֻһ˫֣²ס˵졣
ɶ˼˼ĵ
㶵Ĵռ֤ݣаգһ

ɻһֽ߽ϵһд
ͬ־ʲôģдǰ̨ס
ҡ˵ģס202ҸϡɻЩŵĵ
ǰ̨ζĿۣŵͷȥ
ˡɻ̧202š
ű򿪣ҲվڣֻΧһԡ
ôѡ棿˵а취»ص㲻֪Ǹ˼˼жɶ񣬲֪εߣû˹ɵøҳúʰһ١ݺɻ
𼱣һ㴦ģȱ˵ǸұһûͲң˼˼ǰ۹˹ˡ
ɻֻǺ˻
ǰɢŮϢŮˣ̧ͣ°;ȥ
ΣУǻû顣ɻסʼʵ֡
ɻֻҪңҾ͸ڳҸʽ֮ǰĸãһʮǮءŴɻֱ֤
ɻЩĶˣɡ˵Уᱻ˿ġ
ᣬȹʱ䣬Ҿͺ֤飬ʱɾηˣ˭ῴ㡣ֵ
ǡ㡭ɻư͵˵꣬ͱѹˡ
ڶһ磬ɻʱûʹǱһ㣬ź˯
һ뵽죬һЦɵûԺη˵ķӡ
һˣոմСºͿӣһ
û·ȥţžͱײü˺ӿһ룬͸оԼͷץסˣҵʹͷƤ
ۣ꾫ҴˣһŮ
⿴ϹӵҲ´Ǳ
ôˣֺ
ôҲôܴԹŮԵ𣿣ˣôελãŮЪ˹ĺ
ҴţŮ˹ҵģҸҹת۾ͽɻˣû취ŵĸҪȨڳ﹤ŮˣҲϷˡ
ɻֵĿʲô׵Ļ̫ɵˣ˷ţƭˣϧ֮ӣĽǮȨٸûע⵽ЩԵ©
ԣʵע⵽ˣԸȥϸ룬ûʲôϵأֻҪǮǰ⡣
ˣϧûкҩ
ȵ˼˼֪µʱѾڴﴫˣǸݽɫԽɻͻڴѭɻɵЩ£һ졣
ɻҲܵ˱˼˼սԼڷ۷ôȰ˵ϳ




21.         ũ˼˼ڷջ񡭡

ũ˼˼ڷջ, ʮڽһͷٽ, ·һһģ׾뵽⣬СԼˮƬ, ڵϼż⣬ʱһ, ʱһŹǣȫƾ
ģ, ֵĸߣӵһ˫۾, գſʱ򣬻е²˿ڡ
, ʺϹϣʺͨûɶ, ζرᣬʮʵ֭ŨһһƬʾһˮ
ϹŴ, ;޴˼˼һ˶¡
ǰЩ߹, ˳˼취Ǻĳ棬ũƷԵ㵱Ҳǰ취
˼, ֻ˵Ĳץ˼ҩҲã˯˺ü, ˺öΣ̵ľʧĿΪɶûչ˺ĺӡ
ˣŷֳһĺԴ˲٣ڴһ·š
˼˼ڸԺļιʳũóļַ׳ͨļ˺üȦԵĻ˼˼ũǮϣÿʮΪ˱ⱻ˿ôõһĻὨ˷ӵδڽһ۾Ϳˡ
ʼŽũóֳ֣߲˸ͷͨĲ࣬ڸбũĲһЩͨĺһЩˮʱӼȪˮڸоͺũһģһҲʲôʶ
֪ɶõĻĵȫũ߲ˣֺ֮յֿһʱҲ˲١
󷢽ʱ󲿷õ߲ˡ
Ȼģͨǿڸоޡ
֪˼˼ЩԵũƷ֣ԼֳģĴָӣҾ˵
˼˼ЦΣƤݹͣҲǸЩ߲˹·
˼˼մӼͿԺſڳ
үү£˼˼ʵˣò־裬ȻûʲôĳĬҲǰס
ĳƺһ˲̾һ
ߵԺ·ڴͳһëƱʮǮԼܵģȥ˼ǳԡ
ˣүү˼Ҫɶһ򡣡˼˼ܾˡ
ԣЩ£ǰҺͿһֻ۱һֻۣӾôȥˣϾԼ̫̣ܲû뵽϶ֵز
үүʲôֻ֪ǲİˣֻҪұͥѵܹЩ˭ܵ˲ƽȴҺ˼겻ֹһլͬν۸жʱȫ࣬˼ǻż꣬˵үүֻۣǽƵһ˵кӱôСӴжۡ˼˼Ȼʱ˼жί˿ģҲþĲҪ
үүʵûʲô𡣡
죬ԼΪ˼˼˵Ķʵ
뿪ʱӰͣ·һ˼ʮꡣ
賿컹δۣߵѾ˯ˣӴóһ׼õİŵ߳ţ˯ǰ˸ۣûŹʵ
а¾׵ӣҲûбֳԸ⣬ĴԼѾ˾衣
˴źͿʼ񱼣˲֪ԶͣͷһӶŨûīɫ֮УУԥһᣬ޷˵Զˡ
ڶʱûֻȥ˲ɵʰóɲ
ʼˣųȥײմӷ𻨡
һͶ̥𻨶ͷһҲܲùǰ˳֪ʲô裬ûɫҲ˶ָָ㣬Ƣꡣ
ˣ·ûˣϵ
Ҳǽ㿴𣿣Ҳˣ˶סʲôãȥң
æͷݽһͬȥˡ
һ죬ӴҵϣӰǲʶԶˡ

ڶ죬˼˼һȥĵأԼ߲˽ˮµѾðѿũٶȱͨӿ죬ϽȪˮܳ죬ĵλƫƧûҲ÷Ľô¡
쵽ʱһİ˽סǾޣ˼˼Ưˡ
˼˼˺һüͷ΢壺ǣ
Ǹΰ㲻ǵ˵
˼˼ת˺üȦڽͼ豦ж˺š
뵽ոմԽԵǸֺĸˣɫͱѿҲòͷɶ
㣬֪֮ǰҶԲ㣬ƣҲû취ϾʲôΪҺáΰ߶߶˵
˼˼׼˵ԻͻȻΰǰһץס˼˼֣˽ɣȥһûʶǵĵط
˼˼һ˦֣˼һ£ȥҽԺûУָеë˻ѧ˽ΪԲУ鶼ȥˣǵҵģԭûɶ飬һμ滹Ǻüǰ˵ĺɶ˽һÿԺңҼһδһΣ
˼˼Ϊϱӵﶼðˡ
ΰ˺üɫ԰ףҪ˵ʲôһߴݵ˵˼˼ǰʲô
Ŀʮ㣬ΰĶӡ
ô˼˼ϲ
תֻЦ⣬ӹ˼˼ũߣҽĿˣæոǣ
ҵǰҶ£ҵȥˡ˼˼򵥽һ䡣
Ц΢һſʵϲģ
ҲŲϲûûǸû̵ľӤ˼˼æϡ
΢ɣ䲻㣬ֵøõġ
棬˼˼ƿߣİסԼͨ࣬һûϢ
𺣿ۺĲӿзţסˣٵȵȣȵЩ´ˣʸ˵Ǿ仰

ɻˡ լɻſں
ûκλӦ
ɻ㿴ĺ£ѧУ˶Цң˵ôôûãﲻæ˻ң ŭ߿ɻķţס
ϲڱһӰ˶
ú˵𳳣Ҳܡϵ
ܣʲôʸ񲻺ܣЩ֮ǰ֮ǰӴҵļҹŶҽŭһߵһӡ
ǲˣǮôģÿ˭ͳԵģЩĹ˭Ҫģ
ɻڿһİˡ




22.  ûĵ    ôⲻ㡭

ôⲻӦԺɹ, ԺҲÿҳƽЩʲôЩ߳ŭңΪһŮˣ·ʲôã
һ仰, Ϻɻסˡ
ԭôҵġɻԳЦЦ
˵ɶء, ǰĶİ¡
ⲻƽʱҵ𣿡ŷϵ۾͸Ƭһ¶ȡ
˵ˤȥ
ɶʱ˵, û˵Ļૡ
ıӰĬĬ, ɻЦһɵ, Լ
ºżֵȥ, ֪֮˻𣬴ֵԺ, Ҫ⳥ʧټ֮ǰһҪһǧٿ顣
ڵϿҲ޼£», Ǯÿ춼ֵܹ, û취ֻܴӦҪԼһµȥǮ
֮, ϲŸҴ
㿴ĺŮŭ⣬Ǯôͷ
ոȥֹһ, ϻ˲ʣЩǱ
Ǯ´Ҷзݣһ˳Ǯ
һԵͷ͡
˵Ҳó⣬ǿһӵģȥҵǿôֻôһˡϵͷҲЩҡ
ɩ⻰ʲô˼ò׵ʱôûվֹңǰɣûĺ£ϼ
ˣʱ˾ͱˣһǾֻжΣûǮǰɣȥ취
˵ֳ꣬ţһԼǲĴˣ϶ڡ

ûӴԺʯĥĥ̶ƵˣҪ˵Ҳɻĭɵĸ˼˼ʱĳ
˼˼ﲢûжĸоϾѾûϵˡ
ĩ˼˼˽һ峵õļҾߴľ˻
Ҿߵ̵ĺƯƾ·ڷڼ˼˼ʱԼ˹ʱĴ˼ҡ
Ҿߺܶ࣬˺ü˲ŽеĶ
ſհ峵ͬʱǷһڵ˵·ߣɢһЩֽһ֯Χûʲôˣþɵ϶һ˷֣˸Ͻ峵ϣ͵
ҽǳӪɵģҲǶģ˵롣
ʱԼҽԺҪ
𶯣һͺˡ˼˼Ͻ
ҲҽԺûǮĵ
ǮģˣŰɣԵ㶫𺣽شϡ
˼ŸոմҽԺι棬˿ûϵζ
ȵ¶ǣ˵ۿĺˣжûгԵһȺˡ
࣬Ҳˣ˻ؼҡ
˵ļںͬһСſڷһשͷɵļ̨һ߹ޣ߹ûˣ涼һ۹
һžһŵζӰ˵ķ˲ٶһľ̵Ĵ污һ㱻ӣѾڵĿԭɫ
˼˼ȵǣЩľ飬ָ鶼Уÿһбĺۼ
˱ľ崲ţ˼˼˸ڳţҵһû˵һ߲˺һ⣬ȥӪ˼
ڣ˼˳ֱһ鷭ľԡ
ϲ飿˰ڴʵ
˼ˣûͬͿˣԲ𡣡
ûϵЩ鰡Ҫ˿壬Ȼһѷֽ˵ϲıʹȥɡ
˼֣ˡ
ŰɣǾңȻһûʲôɱģ㼸飬Īл̫ˣ˵
˵˼ֻ¡
˼˼Ľ˴ߣ˾͸뿪ˡ
˷ִߵǴ߹ԼǶѾԶˣֻ̾һǰܸͬȵĻر񡭡һƵʲôء

תһ£˼˼ӵ˳üĴ峤
Ļĵ̫ˣûԸҪرɽǱߣźüƬǣ޷ʳҲûӣǽţǲþׯϣض峤Թ
˼˼ȴǰһҰɡ
ǲС峤ܾȻԼܽǣܺ˺ӣȻǻĵأһ껹ʮأʲôôǮ
𺣵ǮȽãԺ׬Ǯͻ˼˼ԥĹ𺣣Ͼ׬ǮķĿǰͶѣ˵á
ֱĥӲ˵˴峤ǩʮĺͬˬĽǮ峤ֹ⺢ӵզġ
ֹЩõϢ˶ðʡ
ʵ˼˼ĺܼ򵥣ĵ߲˻̫ˣԼǽ˳ڵĺϵԺҪһɫʳƷĳУԺ󣬸ûӦ
һСӵĶĵأ˼˼ԼеƮˡ
˰µʱ䣬еĻĵضɾв𺣺˼İæһ߲ӣһˮӡ
ȫŪã˶Ѿˣڴһ

һµ޵ˣ󷿺ܲԸĴٿǮľûˣ𻨱ǮӲԸǮ
󣬻һǧٿϣһٶһˡ
Ǯˡ
Ҷһûע⵽쳣԰׵ɫ
ôǮ׷ʡ
ܡڴϱۣԸ
ۣڳӲǰɣɶ¶ң㻹벻ˣŭ
ҲƢ
ǻһУÿЭû뵽ȴʹˡ
һᣬﱬ𻨼Ŀ޺

˼ﻹһ顣
ȥүүˣ˼˼ʵ
˼˵ĵͷݡ
үүһǰµλˣԭǾеĽڣ˶˾ٱһֱСɨ֣˳Щֽ
˼͵׵ģȥ̣ŷѧʺӴв˽⵽ɵΪϧ
Ҳϲ˼ѧĺӣȻСѧܿ졣
Դˣ˼㾭ȥϺ֣̽ǳ
˼˼ÿÿȥʱʱүүһЩԵõġ
ĩ˼겻ڼң𺣱˼˼һͬȥӰ˵ڣѾ͸ˡ
ʱûʲô¶ǵİƬ߿ֲƬǿǹӢ۵Ĺ£˼˼ûʱĵӰһʱЩ档
ӰԺܺڣǵľֱܽ۰ֱۣ𺣵˼ڵӰϣŮϼ١
һӰȫ֪ʲô






23.  ָ߿   ʱţתۣǼ£

ʱ, תۣǼ£ָ˸߿, ϢʱӶˣر֪, 棬׷ҳܾõ鿪ʼս
СѧʦҲк֪ܶ, һʱĽѧУɴǷ˼١
ڶѧ, ÿ֪̣ܶͲǶ, ֻ˵Ͳٶ˵ˣ, Щ֪Ͳˡ
ʱͷԻѧ˺ܶණ, оѧ˸Ŀγ̣ϧǻ᲻ܸ߿ԹũƼѧġ
, ˼˵ѧ£˼˼ҲСΧۡ
Ѿ, 촵΢΢ˬ
ܲùΪбҵ, ܶͬѧҵ˲ĹȴʽҲȥѯ, ܾˣֻһ޸
û뵽ŵӰôжɻĺ
Լһǻ޷ʩչմڷ֮Уģѧ˺ȾƣպȵؼҾɻһͨ
ûֹֻϴ棬޼£Ҳֲˡ
ⰡǸŮʳƷ߳ȥ˭ĽҪ˵乧άỰ񡭡
ףôͱ
߿Ϣʱ˯Ժ˵ϢѪ˿ֱŷϣ
£˼˼ڽũ20
ʮһγ齱ᣬǷʼ齱
ոʾϢͳǰǡ
ǰɫĹâô۾âǰһС
㿪Уһ̨ȫԶջֵĻֱũջĹ͵ũҪֵҲֱӿ۳ǮҴũ򣬶ҿԱɸ̬ó粻üֻͣҪ趨ùʱ䣬֪ܲƣĹ
ֱΪڵ˼˼졣
ǣ˼˼ĻĵͶһĬԣɻġˡÿ̶ʱ乤ջ֣ߡ
˼˼æģϾһŪôҲŪ˰æʵܶũæʱҲġ
ȫԶôƤӵ¹·
ũСҲһԻǮҸıװ޷ҲǮֱѡ˸۸ʽ˲ͱùŵ¡
ʮѾоʮˣҲһЩÿ̶ܴʮΣ˻ڣϳųëţͨţҪóһЩţɣŨнǰţɶҪóԣҲΪ˼ϲʳ
ദУ֪˼˼ܣϾʱóĶǺöûʣҲ߱ˣֻĬĬĵס
ţũﻹһȺ˵۷䣬۷ĸͷܴһֻ񣬶˼˼ûйԣ˼˼һֱܵų⣬ֻǿżƤ˼ѣ༸κ;ϰˣһеɰ
۷ũһ޴ķ䳲ÿڿҿҵũۣ˼˼ÿ컹ջʮƿŨζķۣһƿʮء
۷װһһƿŴȥУܿͱһա
ĶÿζܺѾһЩ˵ע⣬Ե뿪м˽ɫĵĸȥ
˼˼˼СӣŵҲû˦ʱսŲӿ졣
˸չչһ䣬ȴǰŮûټʱղѣҪת׷ȥͿǸŮٴγ֣ﻹһƿӡ
˼˼һ磬ǰ˶ʱŵ̱ǵζˮ̼Ƥٵľʹ
Сﴫ
˼˼˺Զȷû˸ź󣬲ŽϵĲȡ
˼κжͦ˳ط˾裬ҲǸһ棬ʱˡ
ؼ·ϣ˸ţûţѡһƽʱûʲôߵС·
ոտߵսǴ˵һһŮڼ仹Ϊ˱Σ׼ȶٳ
ˣզôòų˺Ｑ
ⲻ̫ſϡŮ˽
˼˼ĪЩ죬һʱû
أúðɣɶʱ򱧳ơ
ϡأñţʱɣɶʱܽ뿪ҿһ첻ҴˡŮֵ
һ̵ķñӣ˼˼ҡͷҲ֪ĸôù
ԸӰӻȥţ㻹⣿˵Ц
ŶôˣߡŮ˽εε
˼˼ȵס죬ԭùԸ˵ôе죬ϸǸСѸô
ɶˮתô
ֻ˵һ䣬ɵƯ
ֹһᣬ˲뿪ˣ˼˼Զ˲ŴӲ˼ҡ
˼˼ؼʱѾˣ˼򵥵緹˼ȥϣ飬;үүܣٲȻѾΪĪֻ֮ʣ˼˼ˡ

˼˼ӡ⴫ʱദ˼˼ѾΪѡ
ڼأҸˡɤŵϻ֮ǰ˼˼߸һŹʲŮˡ
˼˼æѾϵȥˮˡ
λŮͬ־ȥģϲϵ·͸Źˡһ䡣
·ܺÿҲͦϲģҺŮһҪ޴¡Ů˵ºͣûмӣͺ
Եġ˼˼˵꽫ʽѡ
ÿһʽܲŮ˾ãŮһѡ·
ٿ鶨ҼáŮǮŵ˼˼
ʱ˼˼ſԶͣһɫĽγȻʽ̫ˣһСγǮȨС㹻䶯
ԱѾ˳ˣС׷ųܡ
ûǸҸովǸģĿˣǴ·Ҳĺܣ֪ɶһݽȥˣţҸоһǼ˼˼С
ԺҲһ档˼˼ĵ
ӴСγϰģڰ֣ûн˼˼Ļϡ

Ů˴ӺӾ˼˼Ӱü΢ܾλЩ졣
Ƿ˾
ɣˣ벻ͲˣԺԵܻġ
ӰԽԽԶת䣬ʧˡ






24.  Ȫˮ    Ů˵ĳӻصϣ

Ů˵ĳӻص, ͣһƧӿڣӿȥֻܲС
һҽ, ڱسҽãŮ߽ҽԺӣԺﻹվżźƷıڡ
ʱ, һݿʵһϵĻŮ˳
ҽô˵ŮЩеǰ˼ʵ
ҡҡͷʧ
ŮȦһ, ±ŮŬںԼ, , ڽϿ˺ü۵Ǽ·ˣһȥú˳ȥɢɢ, Ȼũ壬ɽˮ, ҲãһһƯС
ŮŮǷתһ£ʾͬˡ
˼, Ůõ·ͬеĻһλοȫ̱Ů
˼˼Դ˲ûбֳ, ҲûвʶȤѯʡ
ģŮ˺ܸˡ
㿴, 軹һ£ÿ𣿡Ů˲ûаŮ̱ˣÿ¶ѯ
Ů鶯˶, Ů˾ͿĵЦ
˼˼ЩĽӶĸѾԼжûܹĸˡ
ȵˮⶼԼҾġ˼˼Ƕˮ˴ŮˮȪˮ
Ů˽ӹˮûĺһڣ޵ĺܺúȣһ˿𡣡
Լָ꣬Ůι˼ڣ뽫ˮÿŮȴתǻȵ˼Ůι˼ڣֱһͲˮ˵ס
ϲˮŮЦˡ
ϲװһЩȥȰɣҲʲôֵǮĶ˼˼Цŵ
󣬼ŮʵѵôϲһŮ˻Լŵˮװһ˼˼ĵ˼ȪˮҲֻôˡ
Ů˸˼˼ɷƣרŹѰϵҽŮƵģǸҽ˼˼֪ͷȵĺ֡
ҲǲͶҽˣֻҪһϣ
Ʒ˸մ˼˼߳һ̫̫ͺȻ嵽ǰˣ˼˼ѣ̣ҼҳԷɡ
һ˭
Ʒ˱ŵúһһֱվıǰס𻨣ٴ
Ʒ˲ع˼ңҺûϵ˼˼ޱĵ
˵ɶ⺢ӣˣҪˣզһ᣿Ů濡ľǲһĭɵͼƷ˴
ƷֻЩΣڱڵı˳˼˼˵ͷ뿪ˡ
˼˼𻨶˵תȥţȴסˣʹİţ۾ͣ˼˼ǹ˹ɶˣûö
йϵ˼˼˸ۣ׼š
ȴӲļ˽զûϵҿ̣˼˼ǰ̺ͿҸǸ
ĿûԺƵĴǸ˵
ˣĵǸҿܲ𣬶Ͼϵֵֽдʲôʿȥ峤ţȥ˼˼Ϊ
𻨰ӻûͱ˼˼˳ȥʱɫһ䣬վڴſڿ޺ң˵˼˼Т˳ԸҶ֪û˴һûйҲԼֵĻȥˡ
ҽ޷ŮƣƷҹϻ˾Уһ·ϣŮιĶ˼˼ľˮ
ɷ״üͷ΢壺ˮɾ𣿡
տ˲ιŮģСҵľˮҲȹۼˮúȣôھͰˮιȡƷ
ŮϲĿ
صУƷ˷ҪæʱˣķŮȥ԰ɹ̫ɹһһ׼õˮ׼ιȣԽԽŮͻȻͿܵĽͷתһߣֵ̧Ϊ
ñķˣæ֪ͨƷ˺
صңƷ˲ϲΪŮȷԼ֧ͷϰˣȻ̫ãѾǺܾ޴ĸıˡ
ôͻȻͺˣƷ˾ϲʵסŮֻܸоŷס΢ȴݺӡ
ŮƷ˴ӳˮϣ̧̧
ˮǺˮźģƷЩ
ŮСȵĵͷˮֻúܺúȣůĺģ޷徹Ȼһ
ȥܻ顣ۿҲЩ죬Ȼִ֪磬Żһˮˮ˳ȥ

磬˼ؼʱįɥģܿ˼˼ע⡣
ôˣ˼˼ֵʵ
Ҳһͷˮ
㣬үүеѧУƸȥνڣٹҪˡ˼
Ǻ°˼˼Ϊ˸еˡ
ڸ߿ָҪЩʵѧϽڣүүƸǳ¡𺣵
˼Ȼ죬Сϰ
ûϵģֲԶܼˣŬ飬ڸ߿ҲָˣԺ󿼵ȥܾ𣿡˼˼ο
˼ͷ㣬ԺһῼϾдѧġ
˼˼Դã͡
˼죬үү𣬺͵һμ治ͬɽװͷһ˿ȥ˵
˼˼˼꣬𺣣ҪؾˣʱлǵչˣûǣһͲˣЩͶ͸˼ˣﻹһ䶫ҵл֪Щ֮ﶼ̫ҲܰġүүݹһСĺľӣ˼˼ƴǲֻ¡
Һ˼ǺԵǲͷӣ˼үү˵޶ŮԺҵĶͶ˼ꡣ
˼վ˼˼ߣ⻰ȵĵɴۡ
˼˼һۣ˼˼ͷŸ˵Ľһүү
úӣھеĵַ͵绰ʱҴ绰ھе㡣
˵꣬үүֿ𺣣Ȼ˼һүү˼˼ҲҵŮԺɲ۸
ģүүġ֣µı֤˼˼һ˲͸ˡ
үүųˣ˼Ŀ˺ܾãֱӻСڵʧ
ϣ˴򿪹үүĺľӣ澹һڷĽÿһǳ
˼Ѿϲ£ˣô󻹴ûм
⡭̫ˡ˼˼ͷһθе֪롣
ȻǹүүлŰɣѩ֮̿Ĳʲô𺣵
˼˼Ҳֻʱһȵһ˵ʱٷŽռ䡣
˼˼Ҫطʱ𺣽ס
˼˼ɻĿʱֻˡ
Һ͹үү˵ĶģҡԺ϶ãͻı˼˼ͷһƬհס
ԣԸԸһ𣿡






25.       ѷ籨ҿҪᡭ

ѷ籨, ҿҪǰؾУԭžеٺ˵ҵȲô, һÿÿҶܿԼʶ齨һͥ㹲ĵ
ú͵ƻɢ΢ĵƹ, ҹɫһʵ˾
˼˼Լ˿ˣ, ׻ͷһΡ
̧ͷǰˣԼ, ȷԼϲ, Ȼϲʲôԥأ
Ҳ㹲

ʱ, ƼңѾõ˼ⱨ, ˮﺬзḻĿԼӪɷݣδ֪ʣȷˮ˶彡а
ȥһ˳, ܻǮҪŮˮЩĵ
Сһ, С޸ĸ鷳Ʒ˶
֪ˡͷ, ˡ
뿪ƷסŮ֣Ժ, һȥлǸС
Ůͷһ¡

ڶ˼˼𴲺󣬻Щ㱣ô˯һԼͶһ
һ򿪷ţͿŷɵֵ𺣣˼˼һЦ˳һ㲻Ҳʧˡ
ˣͣԵ㣿𺣲˼ͷ
ʵһҹû˯ܾòʵʱˣһֱ˼˼ſڣһ뵽ʲôֺٺٺٵּһü̾һ񾭲ɾҪųô
˼𴲺Լҽ𺣸֮ķΧֵֹģʱʱһַۣɿתͷϳֲΡ
ܾеô£
ʲôʱؾУԹ˼˼ʵ
ͻȥҾͻҿܲܺһˡЦ΢ŸոȷϵҪֿܡ
ûϵǱߵ±ȽҪԼעⰲȫ˼˼
𺣵ͷ˼겻ĵǣ֣һ

ϵʱѾǵڶˣΪ˱˼˼ȥ鷳ûнӿ壬˴ţǮһˣ·Ϸǳ߻иŮߴߴİ
˵Ҳǲɶõһξˡ
˼˼ҵʱȻЩʹ
˼˼򿪴ţһδˣ֮ǰ⻻һͨӵѣʲδôվҲũ񣬶ɲ
ǣ
ã£ҵķǰ˼·֪㻹ǲǵáµ
˼˼뵽ǸƵƷˣͷǵãȽ˵
Լµһ㣬ȻȪˮѾԤϵ˻ᷢʲô
á𺣼£ϳ
ǣЩĿǰ꣬йһ֮ԵܿˣĹӣ岻˵ʧ𣿡
˵𺣿Цһ
ļҲû׷ʣϾҼҶһľ
ϴСŮȹˮҲ֪Ů̱ˣҺͷĴҽ޼£û뵽ˮ˺ܴĸƣûͬ˽ȥˮĳɷݣܱǸҲûиκˣˮΨһϣˣϣ½⡣̬ʮֳϿңλһӶûУ۸㿪һ취Ǯ
̸ݣ֪漰˼˼ܣܿȴ˼˼ֹˣһȸԾǲǴ˼˼飿
ûϵƷΪĸ顣˼˼ˮͨľˮһ治֪ʲô⹦ЧҪĻװ߰ɣǮŸͳɡ
˼˼װʲô֪ӡ
Ժܸˣ˳ȥһᣬƷˣһһ˸ߵĴͰ
𺣽ӹͰõװˮƾҿˮʲôرģҲԼ
ˮװú˼˼ŽֵĻᣬˮ˲Ȫˮˮӡ˲䰵һ롣
Ʒ˳ûĽˮ̧ˣóһıֽĶݸ˼˼лԺлᣬٺŮԵлҵ˽ϵʽԺʲô޷⣬Ҳϵҡ
Ǹһŵ
ţ뿪ؾС
˼գҲ׼뿪ˣ֮ǰȥһϣʱ˼˼һľͷӣһΣֵơ
Ŵ裬ٸҵģ˵ϣ͸ԼϲŮͳᡣ
һ̣˼˼ͻȻᵽζûֿѾʼˣãˣȥء
һдŵġ
𺣵ͷͲữʵʣΧ˼˼ͻȻż⣬ӡһǣȻɿֳصţ໹ͨͨͣ
ԭأĴлûʧ̧֣ԼΣɵǺǵЦ
ڶһ磬𺣾ʹ˼˼һ̤˻ؾĻ𳵡
˼˼˼վ̨Ż𳵽нԶֻһڵ㡣
㣬ȥɡ
˼˼һá

УѾһµȪˮˣ˽Ϊ̫ü⽩Ӳܳʱ⣬඼Ѿˡ
Ʒţϻ֮ǰ˼˼޴£˵ɫҲ˲١
磬Ѿˣ챣ӣǿྡˡһУһλ֪ԵŮ˵
Ʒ˵Ĺж磬λĺ˴ӶʱǺܺõѡ
̺ܰáһ˿˻ơ
úãҲָĲˣٹʱζòˣҵҽп
̫̫أɺЩˣ粻˵˼˼תƻ
ӣĲ߶ǸǰʧɢСӣô꣬ϳϵرˣҲûϢҲ֪ܲҵ̾һ
һᣬֽݿ˳̫̫̫̫º͵ݣһˣΪʲôܾС￴죬۾ͳ¼̫̫۾ֱһģӿ̳ģ
ûСӵƬֱܾòôɺϣֱָľôɺϡ
еģȻᡣΪʲôɫĬûйѯʣֱӽ̫̫ÿ춼ҪһƬҳ
翴ƬƯĹȻ˵ĸо
ǸСƬϵͣǸСӦŮǵС˵ĸ˫
֪⵽ǸϢǻϢ
ôˣ磿һͷˮ
룬ҿܼŮ





26.  ˾       õĺ翪ʼ

õĺ翪ʼ, ֪Ѿˡ
Ѿ뿪һ£˼˼Ѿյ˺ü, ࣬õһϱִ˶̲ס
л˵ѾҰĵ֤, ֻȴһʵĻͻҿĿѾ׵Ųת, ıջˮһա
ũҲ˶ʮһһһ, վ˼˼ߵӣԼҲ޷ֱôɰôԳ仰ˡ
սũ, Ⱥķʹ˹˼˼ϲȥ, ֱë, 뿪
ũԴʮͽԶջĹܣֻҪ, ԶΪջ񵽲ֿΪ˼˼ʡ˲¡
½ӳĹ֦ͷ, ƤҧٰⱡһĤм伸֭, ˬڣرʡ
˼ѧϰľͷ㣬ÿ鱾޷԰, үүӾм鼮ÿһ˺ö飬Уź˼˼̸һλʾ˼״̬Сѧȥ˷ʱ䣬ѾдһƼŽƼϵĳУͿֱˣȻ֮ǰþһѧУĲԡ
˼˼ѯһ˼ͬˡ
˼ϳУζҪᵽϾסˣ˼˼Щڴ
˼գĶѾᵽ¼ңҪϽʳ˹ߣȫԶ˼˼趨˼򵥵Իܺ˼򵥵ĽԼҵӾ͡⡱סȻÿһҪ뿪죬ϵ˼˼ͻĺôô˵ôһһۣ˿ᵣĳ
ǰ˼˼峤ԼУҶһԼֵĹߣ͵ţ⣬ͷ̫ˣͳȥû취͡
ԺȥϺúչԼĨҲųģ䲻ľҪˣ᲻á
ϰ߾ͻش峤
úѧϰ˼꣬ǰ;У˼ļ
ٴκʹҵл˼˼˼Żؼҡ
ȫ壬Ҫһȥ¼ҹꣿ˼꿴Źһ˵ȫԶЩ̵ĵ˼˼ûиȫԶˡ
ãԼܺáȫԶϸЩ̰壬߰ɣһˡ
߰ɣ˼ꡣ˼˼ߴ٣ȫ壬Ͱˡ
õġ
˼תţţţϻһЩû
˾ôҡҡλεĿĴԽԽԶ
ͷӣɨǾȻᵽȥˣҾ˵ϴǸ˿϶Ǯ𻨳
˼òǮɶϵһ̣͵ĵ
զûϵˣ̣үƾɶһȥסһûסϵķء𻨲ĵ
ƾɶȥסͣɣˣ㻹ۼҲڳ˶ڿҵЦҽѻˣҪڣͻȥɡ˵תţٴ
𻨲ģϧʾ֭Ҳ벻Լʲôӿסȥ
ңѾˣ˼˼ջһֻãһʽã˼
ûʼԣ
һһλʮĸŮһ߰ĺӡ
°ھӰɣסڣŮĵ۾ȴס￴ǳԷأɶô㣿
һ㣬ǰɣƣǸհңöණûʰãͲˣٵŰݷá˼˼Цŵ
Ů˼ˣһԵĺӣкʱҶҪ⣡
˼˼СһɫҲ䵭㣬Ӷ˾ʹȥԷɡ
Ů˼βһ¾ͿһתȥУС
ţ˼껹Щŭ㣬զˣȷ黹졣
ʲô˶С˼˼ҡҡͷ
һ˳һ룬ʣһٳԡ
ϴʱٴα죬һݺƵĸ˽ﻹһˣӣסⶰӣ֪ңɶɰæģԼֵˣһЩ
˼˼æӹˣлл㡣
лɶֵǮˡ˰ڰ֣ޣԽ޽㡣
ԺﻹѷźܶԷؿʼæҲзִ磬ȥ˼˼ǵĶֻ̧һ̧ɨɨء
ڼ䣬ĵ˸ڵλŮˣ޽ƲƲ죬СͰռˣⷿӲǵģ˴ģʱǴѣͽסһ裬ͽ鷳ռŷӸͲû˹λֵķҲûˣ뽫ҪȥһҪһΣһ޶ϵûʹǸû취
Ҳܣǿ硣˼˼ȵ
ɶأҲǸҶ䣬Լһӣأ˺ȥ޽ҡҡͷ
޽İæ˼˼ԺӺܿˣҲ֪⸽кУй磬ȥװһ⣬޽ȥ
Ӵô⣬ʹã޽æ־ܾ
˼˼ǿӲŰɣ޽㣬ԼץӣֵɶǮ
æһ磬ɫ˼˼ȥ˿ǰٽֵĵ̣̺ģ֮ǰǰҲֻѷɾˣʮƽ
¼ҵĵһ˶Щ˷ܵ˯ţڶ춼һè۳
ʱվһװˣֻͣڰգƺš
ǣ˼˼ɻʵ
ã˼˼ľ˾ˣ˿˼˼Ƶ¶һ΢Ц
ţ˼˼һɡ

Ժǰһˮ˼˼˼ǵĶ档
óһƬݸǿǵȫҸҵãϣƬһĿڣǰŵºǵˣվഺŮÿ϶ЦݣҸ
ѾȥǴʵˣǵȷʧɢá
ԭǸƬϵŮغϡ
˼ḧƬȥʱ˼ͻСԳϵӡ󲢲̣ûƬӿһɬԭﳤ
ԴӲСĺʧɢôһֱûзѰңҵˣȴһЩѹõĸһֱܺãʧٺкܳһʱ޷ʵ
ҵǣǵŻڼܹȥԭҪһͬ岻̫ãڼţԸԸȥһ˾Уʵ
˼˼˼һۣĿжĿͷá  
ͣںͬ⣬˼˼˼ʰһ¶͸뿪
ÿһĻƲƲ죺ޣΪɶأСС;͸ܡ
㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣװʺͿɶʺ޽һˮ






27.         ޷꣬˵𣿡

޷, ˵ͼôٺôˣˮһ㣬ʱе
˼Ҿӣ°ɣ޷
һҿ㰡, Իˣɲ֪ɶˣͿ, Ӷء
˵꣬Ťݡ
޷ҡҡͷ
˼ںɫСγ, Щнƨֻһ, ǣ˼˼֡
ǸܺͰˣǲؽ, ǿ˼Ĳڣ˵
ڳϼһһҹ, ǲŵﾩС
ʻһߴţΧľɫ, ԰ɽߵıǽǵĻɫ, ıûкôôһ˵ݺͲ
ſվż, мϵһλ̫̫̫̫ӽЩҪվ, ԱߵȰסˡ
˳˼˼ߵſڣſλ̫̫Ҳ˼˼˼ղٲΡΡľ, űֽס˼˼˼֡
Ȧһ˲ͺˣǵ鲻˳ջ䣬˵ʲôΪʶ˵
˼˼˼ҲȾһʱ䣬˿޳һš
˼˼һ䱸Ҳʧˡ
󣬳ķվ˳ĨĨ᣺ˣ裬źǿˣôõĳ϶ˣ䣬Ƚ˵ɡ
úãҺͿˡղɽס˵֡
ůʽװ޷ͼҾã˼˼ע⵽ǽϻһ˵Ƭ
⹫ǰߵģ֮ǰ߶ǵ裬Ҫղº͵Ŀмһ˿ʹ
֪ˣһܸˡ˼˼Եص
ķǶһȲ裬˼˼һڣûů
˼˼˼꣬ʵңôģ˵˲ͷһͨĸðôҪղٵЩɼᶨ֪һ𰸡
˼˼һ۳
úӣһֲҵ̫̫ƺǿ
裬һʲôû˵ءЦá
˼˼Ҳֻýȥǰ˵һ顣
ôңеķŭ޷
ղٱ˱ۣһ뵽ŮȻǱĥģľޱȷŭͱˡ
أʱʲôȥˣ豻˴ĥǸƢʱ͵
ҵȥǮβֻϧһ˼˼ȻТԳϻǺܺõģʱҪǮĴǮ費ȥɽϴԻǮڳȥͷһҹ֮һ롣
ȥ֮ôģǼ鷳𣿡ղʵ
Լŵܹܵҹ鷳ұܹȥˡ˼˼ؾĵϾЩȥҲ֪ûҪ
̫̫ྫˣ˵ôͲ֪ǹжѡ
ˡ˼˼֣۴Ȱ͸ԼٵŮ
˵Щˣ裬˼˼Ǵˮƶˮ顣˻⡣
ˮ˼˼ģũƷ
װˮĴӾȻҶ־ϲĵд⣬ÿֻ
˼˼ˣȥʱ˵Լ˺üĶֹߡҲԼ
ղһƻŽ۾һóԡ
ĺܺóԣҴûгԹôóԵˮҲϲ
ŮղٺĵĿ޵
˼˼Щ˼
ķ˷ˣǱ㶼Χ˹ȥ
ϣһֱǼвˣĲ˶ѳСɽ˼˼˼һۣ˶ԷεЦ⣬۵ĸ
ϣղٴӷ﷭һƵᣬһһŵķ˿
Ƶ̨£̫̫һֱˮ⡣
˯ǰ˼˼ûע⣬̫̫ı˼Ȫˮ
㣬Ǻ̲һ˼ܸˣһֱǳǳЦ⡣
ţĲһǺܺá˼˼ͷʵ˵˿пޣ֪˼ĻǿģԲŻͬС
ҹˣ˼˼ϯ˼ϣе˼𺣣Ҳ֪ʲô֪ˣһܾȰɡ
ڶ죬ղ״̬õö࣬ķҪι̫̫ܾˣҸоҺöˣҪΡ
˵꣬˼óĶᵽɤˣľ񲻴ŷ
ҵŮٶëҲˡղٺĻôҶЦ
˼˼˼Ժʲô㣿аɣ﷿Ӵ˶Ҳ֣㻹磬ҽԺ춼̫æûܸϻ϶ܻ
˼϶Уʱһпվͻź;˾˾衣˼˼뻹ǾܾˣϾǼ£ٺҲĲڡ
Һͽһ𡣡˼æ
ղϵЦݶ˼֣أҪֿ᲻ǡ
˼꿼ϾеĴѧǾͻҲ棬ȻǸСطܲǴҲɽˮģֵ߲˱ˮóԡ˼˼Цŵ
һ˵ղĶѣɣŸȥס
裬廹ûءε
ҿŮͺˡղٲסĿζˣ뻻ط
裬˼˼Ҫչ˼͹ˣ岻ò鷳ô
ղٹȻ¶ԥɫǣ͵Һ˼˼Ҫ䡣
Уʱء˼˼Цŵ
緹ʱ˼˼˾˾˵ӣò¼ҺӳһЩ¼һЩ֮ദĺ졣
ϣ˵һЩҽԺȤ£ôҿѡ
Թ˼˼˼ȥתһתȻͬ⣬˼˼ûпľС
߹ģִ¥שߵϺַͬá
г˱ȱȽǣżܿСγͬСķ˼꿴ۡ
ȥ˺üľ㣬ûкӵҲû̫صҵۼ
ȥ¥İٻ¥ķװƷСسǾҪֱܶ࣬гӵȴƷ
˼˼һʿֱĪ;úʺ𺣡
ʼ۸Ҫİʮ飬ԥǮˣʽͬĿֱ˼꣬˾˻һһ顣
װﲻǵһװɽװȹӴ˼˼˲٣һЩºÿ˿
ղһһ˿
ǶãҲͶұ
һ˼˼ԼĽŶ첻Լˡ
ĳ£еЩȣҲûжʡ
صңյﶼܸˣ̫̫§˼˼ĸαĽţȦˡ
ھд˼գ˼˼֪𺣺æֻдһŸ֪ԼھУûȥ
Ե𴲺ھ˾˼ҿǸϤӰʱȫˡ
źɫװͷ룬ǺŵֲʧòЦݣȫڴӣٲȻһоӢģ
ղٺͳ˵Ż
̧ͷ߸պú˼˼ײһ۾һ






28.     𺣸硣˼ܸˡ

𺣸硣˼ܸˡ
ôˣ˼˼ѹסеȸԾ, ǰ߼ʵ
˵˾УȻҪݷõġվסӵ뻳еĳ嶯, ߵֽ˽
һûˣֺÿ˲٣һЩ⡣
֮ķΧܰ, ղҲ˶ߣпʼԭ
ԼŮոϻͱСӹˡ
˼˼, ŽҸղ˸ڣ, ˼˼ݡ
󣿡ղֱӿʵ
˼˼һ죬ͷ
е, ǻ⹫ʱ׷ңҲ, ⺢ʵּھҲ, ˵䲻ģ趼ûˣ޹ȥҲŵ, ؾԺû˰һѡղĺףǵĻ̶ȺʹСĻҲһ, ĦЩɶҪá
ţҺϲ˼˼ĵ, ǸȵӣܶһκܲףҲΪ˰ʧ, ղ˵ҲͲ⡣
治ˣһ뵽ҼˮСҪˣﰡ˵ܡղٺۿ
ҹʮأô˵ġ˼˼סղ٣ļͷ
ղٴһӣһ򿪣ȫʽ·Σлƽģġ
Щܵļױòˣžø㣬úţպҲе
ãţҲ̫ˣҲòϣԺøɩɡ˼˼æܾױʲôҲ̫ңԶˡ
ţҲԲһԸɩȥġղǿӲĽ
߳䣬˵
Ƕ˵ˣĲҰĵȻҪ֤ݽҴĿҲҪСһ㣬ҲʲôƲ磬߳ŭ˽µС١
ллѣһСĵġ𺣵
Էʱ˼˼ֱߣһߺͳ̸һ߻вˣͻȻ˼˼Լµֱץסģ̧һʼٸרĳԷֻǹһײ΢Ц
Թ𺣾׼뿪˼˼š
뿪˵ߣٴǣ˼˼֣۵ĳĵĽС̲ס޹ǵĸо
˼˼һۣЦϵĶһЩ
˴ţ˼˼ֱóݸȥٻ¥ͦʺģˡ
ӿϲӹֱһɫıɫı̣еЦ
ȡֱֱӴϡ
ʵҲҪ㡣𺣴ӶһУһÿһ鶼ԲСȣƯ
𺣽ȡڲϣ۰׵ͰƤһ˵ĺг
𺣿ǰˣͷһǡ

ֹ˼գݷã˼˼ʮ磬Ҳ˼˼һʣ˺ѡ
˼˼Ѿվˣⶼĸˣֻ϶ȹһദʱŵ
̱ô˵ˣҲ֪ҵľˮĹЧ˼˼æֵ
ôǼҵĴˡ˵ţִӰһĺлһҪ¡
˼˼ȻǾܾģϴ¸ǸֽǮѾ顣
ƾһǱĻ
°ɣ˼˼ڼ߶˼˼һ
ھдһ£˼˼˼Ҫؼˣˣǻûؼʰ¼ҡ
ղȻܲᣬǽˡ
һ̫̫˼˼ļȪˮţ̣Ѿܽˣٻʮȫû⣬Ȼ˼˼һͬȥڳǲģȥҽԺһȫ죬˵
Խͻ˼ң˴ӾĶԵõĴģа⣬˼˼˼꼷ڳ
صңһһ˵İ˶˺ü˳ϵĶȫõ
ϢһҪظϣ˼˼һũó߲ˮ˼⼸޴£ȥʱһ˴һõһºջ˼ֻãֻѼӣҲװһ˼㡣
û취ԴĶĶװ˺ܶ࣬Ӱ˵Ҳװһ
󣬳˵˾С
ݣôöӴ⣡ôһأǮ
˼˼ûüԺţӸڹÿԺһĻ
˼˼˼ԺЦЦûд
·ÿɶӵģеľǲһߵԺ﷭һ·ԼϱȻš
Ӵⲻ̷дɶİɣϹˣҼСûȹ̷ء˰ʾϧ˼˼һס
㣬Ѷ£ûԼ㲻úûò𣿡˼˼ü·
ֲɶϡ˭ƵġһȴĶϡ
ȷɶϡҲҼ̣͡˼˼Ѿܲˡ
ԭԶײڣúƽϣоֹʵᡣ
ӣת뿪ߵſڻһĭޣʲôԺһˣ
˼˼һۣøû취ģԼõķǲ
˼˼ڳʲôأˡ޷˹ʵ
û£޽㣬Ҹһ㾩زûȥ˼˼һֽŵĵġ
Ӵ㻹أ⡭ллˣӣ㻹ûɣһ͵ܵҼҳԡ޷Χȹϲ˲֣Žӹġ
ˣ޽㣬һµͳɡͷҶԣҲ˼ȥԱ˼ҵʳ
޽ʵ̫飬˼˼ƾܲˣֻдӦˡ
ȥԷʱһһҵȥ
ˣʲôȥ˼겹ӡ޷æ
û£ﻹء˼˼¡
ϣ޷ɱһֻ㣬˷ʢһͣ˼˼ȥһ鳴һ⡣
޷ع²ڼңֻӣӷǳɶ£ҲЩߣ޷͵͵˼˼ܡ
ǽ㣬ŷˣСǵܵܣ£ꡣ
֪ǲ޷ⶣҲвˣֻһĳ԰׷˼˼״һ˼⣬˿޷һۣͷͷ
Թ˼˼˾ͻؼˣʱ֪Լ˾ٱˡ






29.  ٱ      ϣ˼˼ũ

, ˼˼ũũڷѾ˶ʮ弶ٴ, беĻɫֲ϶ˣÿһֶǮҹũּ, ֶﶼڸԵ򣬵ֽܷ⶯ķ, ṩӪ
ֿ˸ֹߺûĽʳƷһ׼, ֻһᡣ
ڶһ磬˼˼ҵžͱ, ţſվµŮˡ
, ǽֵģӵٱ, ˵ݳޣʱΪʵ̷֪ĵ
ʲôʱ, λͬ־ҿǸƶũعӵ, ҵﶼûˣֻһܵΪǰòź, йװ׵ģ˭ң˼˼ŭ
̷ɫԻ𼤶ǻ˲, ǣỹһġ
ã˲ɣϣͬ־ܻһ˼˼һ
ũĶũֿǸıȽϹصҲڲֿũҲǳһһ²顣
λ߽ԺӣȿһȦȥ￴һȦĿ̷ۺһ޴ϡ
ھеŸģԺʵ·Լġ˼˼
λͷֻżʵ߲ˣһȶûһȦûзʲôĶٱݳ޲ʮǧ
λɫЩѿҪ̡
ڼҵȴǻ߷˺ʵ
զˣӡ޷Ӹڹʵ
˾ٱˣ˵ݳޣʱɡ˼˼Щεĵ
Ű죬ܿɶٱ÷εȱ޷˼˼ڵķ򺰵
˶Ѿµ˾ٱ˭޷Ǿûռ˵
ʱűߣŸڵĶֵͬ־ֶ֮ЩԶʳã
Ϊ飬޷˵ʱѵû
˼˼ڸ𺣵У²˼ھӣ㽫Ժ
˺üˣнֵ쵼
˼˼ͬ־Ѿʵֵ쵼ĵЦţ¸ѾǴ绰ʵˣʳֵƳҲԸ֤ٱݣһһģ
˼˼Щ죬˾˺զ֪ġ
ǰϹϾļˣ˼˼ɵøпк̨á
ԺڵȥҲ֪զˡ
ͻȻҴűˣһǽֵļλͬ־
⡭զˣЩŵʵ
ͬ־ǵĵ飬پٱѾ˲Ӱ죬ַɨһ²ֵ쵼ĵ
ʲʲôôܣÿ춼⣬ʱɣûԩΪԼ粵
ԵⶼУ˭Ҳ⣿һ˭մȣҿǼʣ쵼ŭ⣬һҲǽֵŽᣡن£͸ɨһ
һɫЩףզͳˡ
Ϊ󷢵İæ˼˼ɩҳԷҲͬˡ
˼˼þһˮãһʳĺͣ滨ãζͳˣһⶼѹˣղٸһŹǣٳһСˡ
ÿһ˵ķ١
󷢴ɩˣ󻹸ǵŮ
˼˼һμɩǸˬ긾ˣ󷢸ܺá
ǵŮʮ꣬˼˼󼸸£Ҳʳϰࡣ
һͽɩԷϵڡ˼˼Цŵ
ˣɶ˴æǸлǡɩˬʵЦŵ
ллȥɶԺˣҶζˣ˼˼ãɶóԵģԸҲܺã˵ֱˬ
֪ˣһҳˡ˼˼Цŵ
˼껹Щ󣬸Ҷˮ˾͹ɵ˼˼ߡ
Ŵ죬⻹һҳ˰
˼˼ɱǵλԵĺãǵλ쵼ŵĺܣƬ⡣򻹲²ۡ
һԵ󷢵һۣʳӹܣɶ
ҲңƳϢŭ
ŮĶԻЦϡ
˼˼ҲͽҰɣȻҰָ磬ֽҽ㣬ⲻǹֵֹġ²۵
˼˼ԭֻΪװѻ鸾ŮŽеĴ磬һֱҲûģ˳Ƹ˳ƺ
ɣ˼˼
ˣ壬ô֪ұ˾ٱˣ˼˼ʵ
ǽֵ÷ӻҵأһ죬ҾͰ֤ڵ˰Ǽñ˺á󷢵
˭ôˣȥٱ˵ٶٳ⣬ͷզˣô࣬ٱĹ𣿡ŭ
ҲõѵˣԺƲʹС˼˼
˾ĳ󣬿ñ˺ãԺڳʲô۶ӣҲ
ɱСսҼҸҲǸ⣬ðˡ

һٷԵıһֱҹˣһڲ뿪
ĳ֣˵´λһƴ򵽺ףЦһʲô
һת䲻ӰСųװ
תۣأ𺣴Ӿмһš
˵˼ԼԼѾɹĽαƵ˺һЩ˾ͻ
ɶУ˼·ԵõģһЩúÿΡ
ԶԶĿ˼˼СĴؼң߷߲ƽ˼ҲϾԼһɨɨ಻ԡ
˼˼һţּһũʳԼˮ˾˶˵Ļõ㶫Ǻõġ
޷˼˼һɻĺƷ˴ġ
޷ܳ;ģϵرĴܣҲܴЩûеĶ
˼˼ܾϲũûнƷûгԹˣէһˮˡ
ɹɵȱĴָĸϺдƬĺ򿪴Ӻˮζ
ǰգղٺͳӻ綼ˣһ
ʵǣ˵ڲ֪ཡҾ˾ˣʲôӡղ˼˼˼˵
ţźá˼ϲɼ
˼ԡղֺǺǵĵ
˼˼һҾ͹ˡЦŵ
أȻҺ˼ȷ̫ˡ˼˼
ʵһ£ȥϣĹ
˼˼ͷǹҲҪȥġ
ղԭĺͬһӰ˼˼˼֣̾һ
ţҴȥ䣬֮ǰ˵ҪҾ͸ʰˣ֪ϲϲ˼˼⣬ղȥ˷䡣
գ꣬˼˼һ磬ڳæ






30.  ش   ûһᣬҲˣ

ûһ, Ҳˣæ
⣬, ǴŹǣ˫ãȵ, æȻ졣
¼ҺӺͳ¼˼ȥſЦϴ, ʮܰг
ԲܣҹȥͻȻӸڴ, ˼˼еĹ߳ȥ
ֻſվһ¶ŭѿˣ˫ճȭ, ƺڼʲô
ϻϵΧȹ˫ֲ, վһͷĬˣӦþɷ
ǰ, ô˵˿ˡ
ǰ촽˶ֿһԼϱͷ, ҡҶġ
ָţͻôңҿ״磡, ȫһְ֪ôĹΣҾͲÿǿѷӽס
ǰͷøˡ
ҲҪǣû˷ӣһȥģû˹û˷Ӳܻϼǲ, Ĺ£ǻ˵굱潫һˡ
ž, Ĳᣬԭվ˺һᣬתˡ
޷Ҳ̽ͷ˼˼߶ϣҡҡͷÿһʱ䣬ͻᷢ¡
Ҳ̫ˣ絹ֵ꣬ûִҪ˵˲ù˼ȥˡղü
Ůٱ㣿ʵ
˼˼ͷ
ʲô˰ԺҪ㣬ֱӸ˾˴绰ҲЩŭ
ǰ˼˼𺣹ҰæҶ֪¡Ҳ
˼˼⣬Ȼ𺣸߳ġ
Ҳʲô£û鷳˾ˡ˼˼
һ˵ʲô鷳鷳Ҫҵ̫ˡղٲĵ
ٽ磬һɫζȫ극ˣʮˡ
¼Ǵ﷭˼ƿ֣ݸ˼˼˼꣺ǿ֣ǺȺȿ
˼˼ʱѾпˣװܼ򵥣һڣȷϤ̼ϵζ˼˼Щ㣬ΪһլŮ̲ȻҲϱӵ
˼ЩȲߣһڣüͷţúȡ
ҸոպȵʱҲľϰˣͦúȵġ¼Цŵ
ˣ𶺵ܵˡһۡ
ϣ̸𣬹꣬ĸ￪ŵӦþͻᷢеĸ徭ӪѾʼˡ
˼˼ǰƽǰһЩ
˼˼˺ܸˣСڿԿˡ
˼˼Ҫӣʾæ˼˼ûн飬Ӧˡ
ԼȥƲ֪ܵ¡
ڶһ˼˼˼Լ¼Һӳ¼ĸСղٺͳӰꡣ
˶˺ĺ˼˼ͦ棬ԴӳҲûеùˡ
˻˳壬˼ͬ¼һţԭ˼˼Ҫ˼һͬţʢĳ¼ռλá
Ƕ˺һᣬ˼ͳ¼ŵ¼³ʱɫף˫ŻЩһʵûס嵽һȥˡ
СûϢĿһԼҶӣֱûۿ
˼˼ոյңȫԶѾſˣǰյ˼˼Ϣ
ţ˾˾裬æȫ塣˼˼ܵ
ȫԶʵԣֻż˵ͷ
ղټ߽ԺӣõǽݣһԺӣղٵۿĺˣһֱŮ¹ʲôӣۿˣֻʹѵ
˼˼ˣӸڹϲĺ
ջأ˼˼ЦŴ
ЩǡɻĿˡ
ź;˾˾軹硣˼˼Ĺ
Ӵҵˣ챣ӣϣ԰ıˣǰϣͳļˣϧǻԶ̫ˣϣҲ֪ȥңֻ֮ܲп
ҲǵĲǣһҵϣ˱ۡ
ϡ
ǰϡ
ϣһ𣬷ǰʯ˼˼Ǯ֮ǻģǰһľͷ紵ܵģѾ˿ӡ
ϣĹдŰ޳ϣ֮Ĺ˼˼ˮ·߲ɵʻڷڳϣĹǰ
ղߵĹǰ˫ḧʯڳϣͣ˺ܾá
ϣˡ˵ڣ
Ժеļ仹ͣԼŮ黨ЦеĽ
תۣǰֻʣĹĹһѰ׹ǡ
裬ɷˣ׽Ūˡ
裬ɡ

ʹĪڰ׷ͺڷˣһ˶ۿƯȹӽ˻
ϣϣǰŪȹӣûļ㣬ͲˣҸ˺üȹӣƯڸǮˣԺÿ궼򡣡˵
Ĵڶߵૡ
ϣɨĻ˾뿪ˣղٿ޵ЩȻȥˡ
·ϣ˼˼ԶԶľͿһһŮִ
סŮ˵·㲻ߣҪߣѶߣ
ǡŮЦһԸɵǼɵôˣ
˵꣬˦Ըִ뿪
ŮȻԸСѸ£ԸڻǷԼͷϵ̹⡣
˻ͦ¼һ
֮˱пɺ֮߰ɡ˼˼ûٿת뿪
լһֱｹضɲﻹ߶ʲô
תˣתͷۡһ
ϰµģ˵׼֪֪ҶԶҵɨǲã϶ҵӴŶ֪ôǮңզ£ੲݡ
֪żˣȥˣǰ˵϶ҵúõ㣬
ڣҵô㲻Ҳû
̶ţٴ
ոճţȵ
һ˿ʹģӣǰָ߿ĵıԣ˰ܲ˴ججȾƶգÿˣƷ趼ֵһҲð
ۼҪȥɻţҡҡͷת뿪
ƼһĻƲƲ죬Żɵøֻܳˡ
ѽ÷ҪԼڴϴ
úúãȥЦǺǵĴųȥˡ

ӴصϺִ˼죬ֱڵļڽ
һĿڿ뿪ղһʱ䡣
ǰղ࣬ղٶһһӦˣǷģ˼˼ҲһԱ֤չ˺ţͳ뿪ˡ
ȵ˸֤ѾǰԺժϵĺ첼˼ڿҵˡ






31.        ʱ߸ո¡

ʱ߸ո, ˶ԥ˼˼ĵΪ˽˵֮һ
ĸһҲ÷꣬һλʮĸ, ջƣ޷棬ڸĸ￪ǰͿ, ˸ĸ·ӵЩСǮռּëǮ, ûǮռ˼ףһֱ˵סݵķ, һֱû˸档
˼˼֮ǰͺй֮Ե֪˼˼Ҫǰ˵һЩע, ǸĵĴ㡣
аũƷĶ, ۣ, ߹ƬƬ̷, ʵ߹ʵȵȡ
ÿһԼ, ԵңֻƷḻȴǰĹĸһЩ
ղڼеû¾˼˼, ɾСУ̲ס
ɶʱ˸磿ſ, һλ˾ȵʵ
ǹأ㣬ǳУʲôҪԽ˼˼͵
ߵ̱ĿƷˣȹĶ̷࣬أӴﶫȫ۸Ҳˡ
㣬йѡϲľͷ˾Ϳˡ˼˼ϱӳеľӪģʽ
Ҳũ֦ģļӹһë̶ûУִһ鲼֣мо
ʡӹӣڵ
̷۲һޣɹƬɫƯ棬װһƯһ顣
֪Ӿװˣ㻹δ
̨ԣ˼˼˳ӣˣղپͰæƶ
ܹ˶ʮ飬˼˼ũҶӸװϣũĿڴҲܳСʹӺʹӣԴԣװܶࡣ
ӴӿÿҶѵģʵ
ԣǼҵĴӶҶģȾģṩġ
治ǰȥ磬˶࣬öţ౻Ա͵͵ԼˣÿЩ˵ɫôġп
ʱڽһʱһĺܶණҲûء˼˼˿
Ķ˼ҡ
Ҷˣ˼˼ϡղٵ
˼˼˼ЦЦ۲ۣ
ۣǴһ飬Ҹо˲٣̫ŰְžͺáղٺڵŮ࣬żܰæڼűźǿ
¿ҵûʲôʵ磬˼˼˵ţؼЩԵġ
ú˼Żȥбӣԭ˼˼ҪһȥǱܾˣԻҪԼ
˼꣬զˣ˼˼ʵ
ԣɼһ㣬ʦҰһࡣ
ϵĳǰճɼְ࣬һõİࡣ
˼˼ҺзȻ˼ضǷ
Ҽ˼ղٺĵĿ޵
˼üͷ΢Щ⣺ҿһ֣ȻӦÿԿֵġ
˼˼㹻ˣ
һţ˼˼ͿźüŮһȻǽĵһ
㣬զˣ˼˼һͷˮ
ǼĶֱˣģҾʹǹˡ
λ¿ҵҪƽʱҪһЩġ˼˼æк
ӣһҲҪҵִӡһλֱӵ
ԣԹˣҵĴôҲŲ󣬵ǿװöණÿ
еġ˼˼Цŵ
߸ɣҼСӲ߲ˣҷһңؼСųء
ҼҵĹ߸ɶǴ߲˺ˮġ˼˼
˵̣λĿ˲䱻˭Ҳ˲Ϻ˼˼˵һһȥԼϲĶ
۸ǱƷϷģһĿȻԸԼԤȥѡԼλ˵Ǻľ顣
ʱ˼˼ĸһ˿ʹҽһСƬл
ҽæлȻװµģƬһ͸뿪ˡ
ļգ̶Ȳչÿ쾻ü٣ղٶ档
һΣǵĽѾϣĻãʳֶ󷢵Ƽ¿ʼߣڴ˼ĵأȫԶ
죬˼˼һʱһŮڵϣԱ߻һһһý
ŮСȵһ£¶˼˼󾪣ⲻ
ס֣ڸʲô˼˼æǰֹ
ٶ£ɷĵ
ǹ˺ҸոѾȥˣ˼˼ǰһǰ
...ʲôԼԱЩˣϻǿװ򶨵
ʹҲûȨˣοֻһӶԱ
뾯ֺܽո˼˼ëǮһСæʱ䣬ӦҪˡ
Żˣɫĺ
淣˼˼û°ɣ˼˼ûٴϵ鷢¶һű׵ݡ
˼˼㡣淵
ת۾͵ˣ˴ߣ淺˼˼͵ҽԺ
ҽ߹ǶСȹۣۣȫƤˣһһ˼˼ľսʲôܰһŮ
ҽԺı¼ոտʼ添Ը˵˼˼һڿڡ
˵ķϰ壬֮һ㣬ϰ忴У͵͵ˣȻǲϵģϰҲģͷɧԭӣҲұҸߺֻõǮʹְ죬ϰһƣȻҪǿƴܵϰı˼˼ɾ롣
˼˼ؿһŭȼգʲô
ͬ־ñǸ˳һҪദ
ȻⷽץĺϣһỹһҲķŭѡ
;뿪˼˼תֻᣬļ
ҽԺ˲һڣ淲ųԺ˼˼ӻؼ
鷳ˣ˼˼㡣ǰĴԺӣ淾ִٲĵ
ɶһġ˼˼ĵ
԰ӣͰס¡ղҲ˵淵飬ֻ̫ˡ
ͺúˣˣҿҪ򹤻ծġ˼˼뿪Цĵ
ĵ죬ÿ˺ܶ࣬ƷĿ죬ǮҪϻҪŵʵЩæüζ˶ԭڿˡ
֪֪׵ģ̤ʵڿ죬Լ׬ˡ
˵ȦˣϵĹչҪͷ
ɶۿɲһס˼˼Ͻֹ
˼˼˼ڼסûʲôоֵ֧ġ
淾ô˼˼סˣԺǱ߶ŵģֻ˵˸طæʱز˼ҡ






32.     ˰£˼˼ƽʱ

˰, ˼˼ƽʱķ˼Ȫˮ淵˺ܿͺˡ
˺ķϰΪ˺qjδ죬ʮ, ˴ġ
˺֮˼˼У򵥵ĽһӦĹ, ʹӦ˼죬˼˼Ӧĺܺ, һܾһ, ˼˼Ĺ˺ܶࡣ
쿪ʼʽϰˣһ¸һٿ鹤, ԰סԹ˼˼淵
ôࡣ淾ȵľܾ, ֮ǰڷϴ룬ʱʮǮĹ, Ļɶˣܺãô, Ĺһ²ʮأһûҽҩѡ
, һ¾ͷһĹʣ͵ҽҩˣճ˼˼, һٲ࣬ҪɵĹȽӣϻ, ˿ͳأʱɨһȵȣҶøء
ҡҡͷѾܶˣ˼˼㣬ҴûиɹôɵĻô๤ʡ
˼˼Ȱ˵£淲ûپܾڶ쿪ʼɻˣ첻𴲣ȰѼķãԺĵɨˣȥдɨÿһܶһȾɨĸɸɾ
Ե˼˼𴲿ڵ緹͸ɸɾĳкο
˵Σ深Ӧĺúõģ´βô࣬תÿ첻𴲡
ˣɣ֤ԼļֵǮҲġղ˵
˼˼ֻա
ů·صĶװᱡĴװ︴գԺӣðѿ
Ѿ֪˼˼﹤ˣ淵˵ϰˣû˹˼˼ʹ˼ң˵Ҳ͵ͨǼҷȷʵǹţԺûġ
һأ˼˼˴СĶʾлʳҲм⼦ȵȡ
ϣ˼˼סһֲ
Ůڵʵľϣп֣˼˼ɶ㱸ĺõģ㿴˯ķ䣬ôÿůͣҲǸõģǰĺӡ
֪Ժһᱨ˼˼ġ῿ļϣִͷһǮϸµĹʣʮ飬ﲻɶǮһٿ飬ʱܶһЩ㣬ڼұ̫ˡ
ĴŽᣬһţķʮǮͺãţҲɶ˼˼ģʲôԵõģԼȥ򣬱ңúøɣÿվ㡣
ڰУ淵˳۽ͷϣĵ˵ͷá
ڶ죬Ϊ˲˼˼鷳ûˡ
Ժס죬ҲߣҲܶ˵˵˼˼
ЦЦûӦ֪ϲľǸ鷳
գոճԹŽϴˣ
ſڴ˼ţδ𺣣ϲĺ𺣸磬ˣ
˼˼Ͻ첽˳ȥһ۾Ϳߵ𺣣ﲻȾЦ⣺
ţˡϻһ˿ƣȴż˵úϲ
е¶ˣ߽ղٴкղʵ
ˡ𺣹ɴ
˼˼һô죬ûУô޷ݵסһվлղٵ
Ϊ˼˼Ը̫飬Ⱥ顣𺣿һ˼˼Ը޸ˣǾͽ顣
ղٵͷĻش⡣
˼˼һУɫζȫȹˡ
ҹˣ˶˷Ϣ𺣺˼˼Ժ졣
屻ͽ˼˽ˡ𺣵ͳᣬ˼˼᲻ǸĺˣԼݶϾɱ
˼˼ҡҡͷûһ仰ԵʴȣǶԼ̣ң˵ı㻹֡
𺣵ͷЦס˼˼ַİ棺ԼҵʱϵرĴܣ㶨ҲһЩ˷ӣ󲿷ֲƲҶˣһ㣬ԺҾ׸ɱҡ
˼˼һ죬һۣ㽻ʲôڴҵҪʽҲȱǮŰɡ  
ʽһһЩֻЩ㣬֤ҵľģҲǷİ㽻ңǮֻ֮
ҹճξ˼˼ֻҪˮ
ڶգ𺣳Ű£˼˼һȥ˳УѾڷŵ롣
һ磬ſھͽ˼λӺʹ㣬һһߡ
Ǹ浽˭ģһΣķˡһλ²۵
ȥֵ췴Ӧһ¡
λӴ㣬զˣ˼˼ʵ
ҼҸڵӣ֪ɶʱȥˣһõĶģҪ˵պ϶զ߷ߵһֱӴĲ˺ʣСײҲۡ
˼˼Ӵſȥ治Զȷһװޣſһʮڶָָ㡣
ʱ˼˼֪һ벻ҵԼҷӸ
ǽʱС˼꣬Ȼһ·ģǸӿھ͸ˣҵȣò׵ȵһ˴ӿڳǰסʵסʶһ˼˼˲
ˣҲ˼˼ھĿǰŲѵ̫ţ˼˼ָ񣬵Ļסȥĳ嶯ʲô
̣ⲻ˼ҲûЩˣòá𻨸Լһ̵
˶û㣿ǿǲТ˳·˴ϣ۾
ôҲԼŮЩǮǻԸٴЩҲû£ҾڳﲻùŹ𻨰̾ĵ˭˶˼˼Ĳǡ
ӴΪһƬģĿɺأһʲôУõúܣһҪ׬ʮһٵģû˼˼ĳУ춢˼˼񶾵ʲôʱ׳졣
ʲôһͼʮһ٣𻨴󾪣ǮȻôǮ
ɲǣҾסڣСҲǣôǮסôԺզͲТ˳ԼүˣߣҴȥҲζȥ
һ·ϣ׳˲Ϣ𻨵˼˼ײϣТ˳Ķˡ
ԽԽˣ˼˼İѱˣʱѾȫȻ֮ǰɨʹࡣ
ˡ𻨴˼˼Ժ⣬᲻֪ڲڼңھȥǰͷҡ
𻨿ǰԼҴź˲֪ٵԺţ̧






33.        ʱĳæġ

ʱĳæʱ, ฽Ĵ㶼ʵ߲ˣ߲ˣӦ, Ͳϻˣÿõġ
æŸŶӵĹ˿ͽˣղһ԰װ, 淳أȻæ, ǾȻ
˼˼ȥ˲ղվ, ˳ȥӹǡ
, š˼˼ͷҲ̧Ӧһ
ղ뿪á
ͻȻһ, ˴ҵע⡣
˼˼ҵˣ
˼˼ü, ˳ȥվŵĻȻ𻨣һ, ̰ĿڳеĻϣôöһҪõ㣡
𻨵վſЦ
˼˼ɻ, ô굽һȥˣ
˼˼Ĳˣ׬ǮͲܺүү, ᵽҲǣⲻ˺𣿡  ֲ´Ϊǵ˵ַ˼˼
æͷĨһѸͲڵᡣ
˼˼, ̾ǹ㣬ôˣߡj
˼˼üѧΪˡ
۷׷ףĿ˼˼֮ת
ģ´Ҷ˼˼ĸйٲãԸ챿ˣ˼˼һҲã
˼˼ҪãȻ˵ʲôʲôˣˣһ߰ɣллҹͦþ͹ˡһǳ˵ġ
ӣ㲻ˣô˵̡˿ʼָ˼˼
԰ɶء
̽ӽôˣܵר㣬զôТ˳Ծס˼˼
˼˼Ц龭û˽ôҵЦΪˣԼ֪Ǳࡱ̣˵˵ôǣҵȥǼҵĶǵΪٿӣڴɢҲõԣ
㡭˵ɶ߳ŭ˼˼֪㻹Թңǰ̵Ĵ̸Ǹˡ
Ӵƣ̸ԼǸֵץסš
ҲҺȥɳţϻΪŮȥ죬ؾֻм¼ó֤Զá
鼱תóԹȺڻЩӦ
˵ʲôƤŮղٵڴոմӲ˼˼ĿߣʱѪӿ˼վ˼˼ߣסָ֣΢΢
ղʱüĿǿŵ𻨺ĺһ
ס׼ҡզʧ
˭׼ңҪҺûЫĳĵ׼ңһ绨Ĺ޵ңĥɰŮѹ裬˼˼Ǯղž
˼˼æı˳ţ˰Ϊ˲ֵá
ҳ¼ھлͷ˼ңҽͰѻǶҳ¼еҶҪ㸶ۣղ
ղƽʱǸº͵̫̫׺˺ʱƢ˺ܶࡣ
ʵʱǽݵĴС㣬ֵҽүүսɱӡ
˼˼û̫̫ȫӣԼֱ̫̫Сơ
ʱѾˣ˼˼鷳û̫Żڻѻ
ôƭأҾͲϹģ˵Ҫͷɿ뿪ˣͼԼժ
ס׼ңᡣӲӣѾŵȶǼͣ˼˼ǰĺɫγôǮ˼һҲ
᣿㵹˵˵ļ᣿ղŭЦ
׼ֱܵľ£զѡʱأûռһȣ
𻨼뿪ΧһϷǷ׷ҡͷ㲻Ϊɶˡ
ոûͳָ˼˼ҲЩ˼˶͸Ͻ뿪
ղ̨£̾һֻƽʱǿ˿ǵʳû뵽Ȼôݶܿˡ
ڶȥˣţǵӾֻʣˡ˼˼ο
ûŻ㣬˭۸ǣղնĵ

պղٸԶھеĳһš
𺣵֪ҲܷŭΪŰΪӲܣ֪˼˼󣬰ϵɷĴ硣
˼գſ˼ɷˣ˵ȥͽǵĶӵ⣬лùĹư裬֣ɢһء
ǸѽǸѽŶӴ󱦴󺰵߻䲻ĬԵŮ
淿ӡһ˴˵סԸߣⲻֵܣǶԸǺһ׵ģԼػҰ᣿
ҵķӣǰȥģ
ķӣó֤𣿡Цһ
ʱǰžˡ
ô£ʵ
ͬ־ڰ˰أûɶ¡˿
ͬ־ҼңҲʶǣȫץߣ
ǵĹǷӵˣŷ֤ģﲻߵġ˽һ䡣
ô£˵ңķ֤أʵ
סģ֤ǰһԵͷ͡
˼ˣͬ־ǷǷҵķӡһԣһȺ˳
߽ﻹŷ֤߸ŵľǸոջߵ硣
Ұֵˣκβǣ˿ԡЦһǱ͸ġ
ɶ˼ֵܰһˣҼһأôģʲô磿ŭ硣
ֵܣֵܻռŷӲϱʱ򻹻źӣͰȥкӣҼҾû𣿣ҼӻǼһʮƽķѾ御ˡ罫еķŭȫй
ҲˣԺҲϣҲմ⣬㲻Ҳ˵꣬𺣵𣬾뿪ˡ
ǰŴıӰʹԴԺвϸֳСʱһΪڷ絲꣬һ·ǰеӰ
ǲˣֻз֤ˣΪסˣüȻķҲݵķӣ;ȥȻ˼ҸһǷǻץˡ
˵뿪ˡ
Ǿ鷳ǸϿᣬҸʱ䣬һװ͸ϱ𺣵⼸λǰᡣ
ΪʲôҪѾûơ
ԭҲЩ£˭˼˼أҾڼңǳĺáڣԼ˼˼Ѱ¶Цݣת뿪ˡ
ֻ´͵һ˺ǽ塣






34.  ģ     ڵҹߵģ

ڵҹߵ, ͬʱ֣һϢľʧ
˼˼һԺ֪ģ𺣽֤ǰ, д֡
Ѹˣ˼˼󾪣Ǽðߣ
ţ㲻˵еСÿԴͨ, ѾˣҲȫװ, ʱס𺣵
˼˼ӹ̵ֻ֤, ˿ܣɿӡһǡ
ով, ͱһѳĺܽ, ˼˼
˼˼, Сѽ
˾ܣؿɲܷŹ㡣𺣵ͳơ
ȵ£˼˼Լ˶κ, ıۣԼδ̤١
...
һֱ߶߶, ܾԼᵹùʲôֲԸ˵, ö֮Ҿٹ
죬, ó֤ݣ˿ڵ𻨡
ûУû...һֱظһ仰
˵仰֤ǻʵģֻĿ𻨱ߡ
Դ˵ָָ͸ֹĿ⣬̾һתš
զ찡ĵ
զ죬˾֤ݶģզ졣̾һȥɡ
Ȩƣ˵Ǯֻʵһû취ѷɵƲá
Ϊֻܿ𻨱ꡣ

˼˼ҵԺǽһԲ߹ųҲװޣͨӵĿ
˼˼ÿڸ£ũڲʮ?L
ũС̨ĵطһȺܴش˼˼ϲվֵũĪԼгɾ͸С
ֲһЩĶҲһЩ˼˼ȫˡ
Ϥĳ齱ٴγǰ˼˼ȷâ󣬳ǰһŵиӵĻơ
˼˼˳˼ʲô˼
˼˼ȻֻܽũСñӸһѡ
ʮζԴ˽ũˣ
ϣŴҶϢˣ˼˼˼еԼķ䣬סԼ۾
˼ס۾ǰһƬڰͻȻһ΢дʶķ֡
ǰһжֵֹ֪Ķֲͽڻĵֲȫͬһ޼ʵĲݵأƣָ֣΢紵ĸо
˼˼ũСݣһȥͱִװκ͸ֵ
˼꣬ҵܡ˼˼
˼˻ǰͻȻֵóκ
㣬ôܣˡ˼ֻůůġ
˵ȥ˼˼ʵ
˼꼱æҡͷȻᣬҵᱣܡ
ǲ͵ˣҶĶģϳ˵׵ˣΪôãҶȻ˵ҺϲҵĵڶңϣҲܳΪĵڶҡ˼˼
˼겻ˣĵͷ֪˽㣬ҲṼΣ
ϤԺ˼ͿʼũСĲֺ˼˼÷Ϥ˼ζ̵źĸ۴յ˼ǰ˼ԷܸȤԴһһܿһƬʱǲ֪δĳһ죬ΣʱӪȹ˺ܴá
㣬𺣸𣿡˼ʵ
֪ڱϾֻǴԺ˵ɡ˼˼ϱӳڽ̸־ˮһ򵥵磬ʹϲһˣҲʧǡ
Ҳڡ
˼գ˳ͨбøӿֿһ߷߹࣬һ߷Ÿɻۼ۵ȵȡ
һ򣬷ëë£д˼۸Ϳɶ֡
·һϾͲ˹ѯʣ·Ӱ֣˼˼ʾһֻʮȻ
ԣʹһ·üʮкܶ˶̶һʱ䣬¸¶ˡ
ﶩģȥڲ÷̿ӣ·һʱ䣬÷̵ⶼ
ڻ˴һܺƽȡ
ӣǼҲ㿪ģ죬һʵ
˼˼üûУֻһңզˣӣ
ŶҳŶǼӺĲ࣬۸ҪЩҿö˶ȥˡ͵
˼˼֮ǰǼ۵Ķװ˵Ļ⣬һˡ
ʵڿʱϾҲǽǰĳģʽǰбضǣʱһܿüģģʽ֡
˼˼߳ȥ˿Ǽװ޵ӹȻҵˣдǿУԶԶĿľӪģʽӲ࣬Ϊոտҵ۸ˣʱۼ˲ˡ
զ찡˼˼㡣żĵ
û£ż˼˼һҲĹ߸ɻũƷζͨǲһģֻҪԹһε˶ֱܷĳ
ûۼҵζáղͬĵ

Ǯǿгһӵ߲˼߹ɻ˼ңЦһؼңͿ׼š
裬ȥǼ˼ˣҶ¿һǿУһ㶼˼٣۸񻹱ˣôࡣǮϼҿӵĲſ
ϼչȥ˿治٣Ҳ߹أøԣոһֱء
ϼӣΪˣҾ̫ƽʱһСʳǳԵģҪʲôϲ˼еĹ߸ɡ
ǮӦһӴһ߸ɵݸ۰ͰͳǵĶ
һӹ߸ɾոճһڣ޵˳ʣµĹ߸Ҳһӵϡ
ӴҵСڣǸɶʳϼϵĹ߸ɣĻҳ
óԣҪԴĹ߸ɣ
ϼԣĹ߸ɷŵ
ȷóԣ˼еĹ߸ִ㣬ȫˮζ߲˵㣬ȴһҲ࣬ĺܣζҲϼ
զҹűˣôһأϰ廹˵ҵĶ˼жһġǮü
ˣˣų԰ɣ»ؾͱȥǼˣڼշȥ˼еĹ߸ɡ˵꣬ӳš

ڶ죬˼˼ͷֺ
Ǽҵ߲˳ŸоûɶζҲǣҴũݳž˵ƽʱĲ࣬ҳϴδ˼Ķŷ֣ûɶζҵζ̫ˣ߲ͨˮóԲ١һλӵ
˭˵أҼӴǰԼһ˼еļϲˣǿ˼ȥֲˣ˵ȵĺܡһλεĵ
ǿ˵ԼĶǴֹģ˼еĶһģ̫ˡ
ǿڣ䵭ֻмѡϰǿƵĶŶ𱬵˼УԼⶼĳˣӡ  






35.            Ϊ˻Ϲ˿ͣ

Ϊ˻Ϲ˿, ˼˼׼һʮĹ˿;ͿԵõһ齱ȯƷḻ, ǼһۣҲǼ⡣
Ϣųȥ, ҵķ죬˼һʱ˿Ǽ, ҲæڳﱸԼĹ˼˼Ķ, һãʱӰ
ҶʮϵĶ, ų齱ȯ˼˼齱˼˼ǰһԼĳ齱ת, ü򵥵Ļ˽Ʒмһָָһ
Ǹɶ
֪, ɣͦÿײ˻ͦ񡣡
...
һŶӵĴߵǰ, ˼˼ʾתָ룬, ָͣʮżλá
ϲλ㣬Ʒʮż˼˼˵淾ͽƷ˹
Ǽֵĺϲ£, ż˵һߡ
쵽˽ƷԽļ˳鵽, ˳鵽ףҼǿֶض顣
һ죬ÿһ˼жǱ˼˼׬˸
ǿߵĳԵԽҵ
զ찡ǿóȫĻˣȥˣǮҲòǿĵ
û£ưɡǿϹݵЦݣȻҲ·ҲЩʵķӡ
ɱ£
ģǳ档ǿЦЦ
죬𺣴󻹸źüˣ̧Ŷгӻһ滹ź컨һһ̧ݡ
Ǹɶ˼˼һɻ
ǶƸ񡣡ЦЦ¶һڰҲ̫һЩˣ˵ҪЩһڴȫ׵ļҾߣԺǽʱá
ղٿһ̧Ե˵ͷǲȱǮ̬ȺҪ
Ӵ˼˼ӣǺ½޷
Ƕ飬޽㣬ԾơܺõĻص
ҿ϶ȥ޷ЦǺǵĴ
˼˼Щ˼ˣһۣɵǺǵ֡
...
˼˼㣬ȥǰ濴иſ֣˵ǳǼҵĶۡϣżĺ
˼˼Ͻȥ𺣷Ĳ£Ҳ˹ȥ
混ղٸں档
Һĵ̰ҵĶӶһʱſѾۼһЩˣмһ裬бһ۵ͯ
Ū˰ɣӣǾԵģûгԻӡΪ˼˼˵
԰ҵĶʵġ
㿴ӣỹء
̣Ҷʹ·Ϊ֤ĻСкغһ䡣
԰׵ɫʹĺ飬װġ
˺СȺ壬ΧȺڵƫߡ
ӴϰŶӣҪи̣Һû꣡
˼˼ʱպ仰Ⱥվǰ˼еϰ壬ǵĶԼֲʹֹģ˵Ӧûʲô⣬ɣſҲûãӶôˣȴźȥҽԺǵ⣬ȫˣ⳥
⳥֣۾һܿ뵽ʲôҡҡͷУȥҽԺ
Ϊʲôȥ˵Ӷ۸ΪǵʳǱģ̽ĵ
˵ڣɫ΢䣺˵ɶҿǲԸ⸺𣬴Ҷ˼оǺڵ꣡Ժǧȥ˵׼ɶʱֶˣ
ܴ󣬲ٲȺڱĿʼ˼˼ָָ㡣
ɱߵǷǣҸոȥҽԺ㲻ԸȥܺӶӶ۶ҪſڻҵҿǱİɡ˼˼ȻԣɵģũĶǲκģֻǾϲˡ
԰ΪɶԸȥҽԺϰû˵ָǮָ⳥ġ˷ɻ
...·ˡһɣȻ©ٳ
궼ȥģ㲻ģü˺һȥҲλĨڵ
ɣȥ
ңģǿأͷĴźȥ顣
мĵȺԸµҪһȥ죬뷴Ǳһһ䣬岻
ɲȥҽԺȥҽԺͱ¶𣿣
ǰҲɣϰ嶼鷳⳥ˣҵզͲһء
Ұ㱧ǰһﱧߺӣܾ󲽾ҽԺķȥ󽹼ĺû˴ֻøȥ
ţڵ￴ţҹȥ˼˼һ͸ȥ
ҽԺҺż飬٣ܿ͵ˡ
ǲˣͻȻһѴжӡ
Ϊɶû㺢ӻ𣿡ΧȺڲʵ
զ̵ģʹֱûţ
ҵĿⶼڴϣԽˮð˳ǲܿǮԼȥҩ
ҽϣƾɶǮ㣿ҵҲѣҵҲǿͷϡ˼˼
ΧȺڿ֧֧˵ֲԸȥֱӽｫҽ˳
ڸɶҽԺֲ⺢ôˣ죬ҿҽߵߣɫ䡣
֣ҽһ˭ĺӣôԺҸôСĺιͶˮҪģ
ǲˣˣҵıӾܣΧȺסˡ
˵ߣ
豻м䣬亹ˡ
˵˵Ǳ˸Ǯһ˼еҾιͶۣûι٣߰ɡȫûǰֱ׳
Ǻúݵİⲻӣµȥ֣ΧȺڿôСĺ׷ָ
ָʹ˭ʵ
Ҳʶ治ʶõǮˣһһû
ŴŽᣬһٿ顣
ʱˣ˭ľ
ҡ˼˼˳ո·˳㱨˾龭˵һ£ڳ˷׷ױʾ֤
죬ȶˣûסӡ
豻ߵ飬ҽԺƣ֪ͨ˹
ǺӵĸĸϻŹĹȻǸյõϢͽģԼĺɫ԰׵ڴϣӵ赱Ϳ˳ߵˣúݵţÿüʮΪһٿιҩǳԳôʲôң
˳ĬãҲǷŭۣϼҡ
ϣСкԺۣŸĸ裬ҲιǶ˶Ӻʹ
Ůתס̵Ŀסӵ֣ãǲˣҲˡ






36.     һ֣ʲô˵ˣ

һ, ʲô˵ˣ֤ݲ㣬ͷûм, ָϵͳҲƣ֮˲֤ѣΪûи˼˼ʵԵʧ, һپͱųˡ
Ķӣﻹһ
أû˰ɣʵ
ҽԺҺ, ӦûԺ䵭˿ûо쵽
Ǿͺ, Ӳ, ⼸ھֿҵŶ˵Ŵ˴Լ
, ȥģǻؼ𣿡ڷߵ·ƽʱĲͬ
ȥ˵
ģҲȥһҪɴۡ
ˣԼ취, Ժûʲôͱˡ
ʲô˼ҿ裡ǲϱ⣡Ҿ֪Ȣ˸Ҿ
ҵ⣬֪, һºüʮ, ûȱûȱ㴩㾹ȻΪǮιҩ׶ӣӣ㻹𣿡Խ˵Խ, һ仰˵꣬ƽһԼ飬ּǰȥ
ں濴ŶӾıӰ, 죬һ仰˵
...
ͷ
զˡ ˼˼ؼҺղæӭѯʵ
𺣼򵥵˵˴Ľղü˭ڱʹУСо᲻Ǽˣ˼˼Ȼ˾˲顣
ˣţ˾ôæͱЩС鷳ˣǱ˳綼¶ŵġ˼˼ʵѾһ²⡣
պ󣬱˼˼𺣵Ķ磬¿ӭ궩˼ϯǴӾи˹Ҳר̹Ϻ
үүҲǰӾи˻˼ܸˣԼĻûüĳȥⶼŹүүۡ
˼˼𺣸Լѣһң峤һԼУһңк㣬ϵ󷢺
Ҳһˣ˼˼žԼôˡ
˼˼ʹ峤һʱȲ˵ݵ¡
Ҿ˵Сӿ񲻶ԡ峤ƶĵ
⺢Ҳ̫ˣǱ˷ˣҪˣںˣǸĺӣϿҲøˡǿģҪһЩ
ӭһ¥˼˼⴩һɫĴ£Σ˸ױ˶ʮͬŵĻ䣬¶ޡ
·ʱ𺣵۾Ǿޡ
˼˼Ҹ˵ģҵĺѰݷɡһܵ
˼˼ȻΪæǰæռ֤ݵѡ
ã𺣺øôƯδޡݷɵ
ȤƤ𺣳ݷɵ
úúãͻˣԿݷЦŵ
˼˼ͷЦЦ𺣸ôҪõѣҲǺø
Ҷ˼˼ԶԶĿ·һվЩϤ
˵һ˹ȥ
үү£վڽֱߵĻȻѾ·߳˺ܾá
˼˼˵충ˣͺġ
ˣүүذɣǺӣֻϣļ˲Ҫƻ˼˼ֱ˵ĵ
Ķһ仰˼˼뿪ĽŲͣסˣһֱǰñҷˣҾţ쵱
óһӣһ̵ֻɫܺá
ȻˣҾˡ˵꣬ת뿪
ıӰͣ£һһԶ
ոջͷ𺣾ӭ˳ôˣϼҵ鷳
˼˼ҡҡͷͺˣǰҽ˳ˡ
𺣿һѾ쿴ıӰ˼˼ǽȥɡ
ͺܷʢǻȣҲ㣬һԵĺ㣬ʣµĶԴؼңһһϲմմϲ
ԼڳԹͻؾˣݷҲ뿪ûӦ漸Լ
ߵĲˣ˼˼˲ƣ˼ҡ
ղٺ淶طϢˣֻʣ˼˼Ժ
Χûˣ𺣽˼˼ԼĻϸܵǾ
ˡݽ䣬ֻ˵
˼˼֮ӵˣ˼ԭΪҪЩܣ˼и׼ͽһҲͦġ
乫˾Ѿ߹ģ쿪ʼ׬Ǯˣ޷ɷԭĹ˾ӪƵˣ𺣱ԼĹ˾˾ʱ֮ǰĹ˾õö࣬ʷһ˵ڻá
Դˣ޷Ӷǳмǡ
ũʮ弶ʱĸֻԴũóˣҿɹҲˣˣ˼ǿ޹
˼˼ʼ˼Լ飬ĹѾԴˣֹĸָɻֻܴũóʱ䳤˾ͻкܴ
պбضôԼƷơ
˼˼˸ʱһ˳壬ʹ峤̸̸ڳ忪£峤ȻǴ֧֣ȥһطСѧľַʱ޵Ĳι̣һѧУ̮ˣҺϣûԱҲΪ£һ峤ˡ
ҽδ峤󣬾ͻһط°СѧͻķˣһҲ·Ҳͨ⣬ֻλòãԸ⣬ؾͿ޹峤
ǰϻܿԭ޹ѧУĺۼλȷʵ޳㹻ˡ
ɣҪʱ·һޣܿˣһȥͰ˼˼
У˼˼Ǻúӣ˻һѣ峤ллˡ峤ָп˭뵽µ⻹ջһ졣
ǻǴ峤ʹҵİҺ͵ܻ֪ܵʲôأлл㡣˼˼ʵĵ
ʹ峤ǩʮĺͬǲģʮҲ൱ˡ
ϣ˼˼ְ
ûã˿ʼ޽
˼˼Ҫڴ￪칤Ѿˣҷ׷࣬˭û뵽һ޸ĸ챻СȻнĳɾ͡
˵ỰҲĽģΪ˵ġ
...
ޣǮҲǮլϲмĵ
ʱϻЦ⡣
ȥˣ죬զ֪ȥϹ䣿ϼ
Ц˼֣һ˿ͣʱϵעϣ̬ȺܲãһҲû˴ǰոʶСģԺиֳһߴӵĽӣһȡ
...
ǿջ𣬳һĲϴεǸҲ̫һЩûƵ˷ԼԽȥõʱǮĲһԶݣѾˣͷҲ鲻
Ŷųɫѿ
ڸɶأ㿴ŵ㿴ҹոˡӵָ̺ĹԹ
ǿͷһ漴뵽ʲôתǿڹһ˿˿





37.     ʮ       ˼˼


˼˼æĲɿ, ̴ͷܣۿɼһȦΪ˾, ڼʱˣ˼˼ܾǱŷӸ˼˼塣
ص, Ǻζģ˼˼¶һЦ, ˣƫƫÿ𺣶ᶨ, ò
ˣȻո̤, ɤ
ϵԽԽãʹղʱҲæ, ˼˼һˡ
ƸȥӦƸкü, һ˼˼ˣҲ̵ĵһλ˿ͣҽ㡣
Ӵ, ҴڼҲûɶ¿Ǯҽˬĵ, Ҳûɶŵ㣬ڿ죬̤ʵϸ, Ҳûɶ˼
˼˼˴ҽһʮĸˣ˽Ϸ, Ϊȥˣȫһ˸һˣֽ໰Ҳɸɾ˺кøС
֪Լ˺ϷǸм
˷ֵ˲ٵĹÿ˼˼ҲҪɺܶࡣ
Ǯ죬⴫ﶼһ
˷׷׳ȥ֡
զˣǿС
֪أĶɶˡ

ⶼǳģ㲻ǮҾȥ㣡һվſڴ
˭֪ĳ⣬һҪթأǿ
Ҫˣǿ˵һˣæŻؼշûϸȥŷֶˣôĺڸεķϣһǵһμ
ô˵Ǯǲ˵ģбȥҡǿʵˣϵȷпΪˣóѾζҪ⣬㽫һЩºΪԼû˷մմϲ
˼⸱ģ֪ԼǮòˣһڣޣĺڷεļ̣ţ
˵꣬뿪ˡ
ǿ뿪ķ䣬תͷͶ˼˼ߣɫ
˼˼ĹѾһ룬ѾǰóĲֿũĻóԱ򵥿״ֻ˵ڴͲɣʱֻôسﰲװС
ųȥҪڴйˣһʮԲס
ĻȻܣǻҪ˹ϴͶ룬ҪװҪֻ١
ҪҪֽڿˣ͵ˣΪ
Ϣһ˺䶯ʮ鰡ϵʽҲŶʮɣҲ̫ˣ
һʱ䣬ĺܶ࣬ͺҲȺС
˼˼㻹ǵҲСʱһء
߿˼˼Һϵɺˡ
ǰڱ˵ҲĵЦݡ
ʽߺŵҲ˼˼Դˡ
˺˺㿴һɶӣ峤ŭˣֻܹԹŶһһӦƸ
˼˼ֻѡúõģǡ峤
˼˼мĵͷô峤һʵ̫ˡ
ɸѡʮԱоͰͺҲ˼˼һССĺţϾ֪֪ףƷ¶ֽҲ
鷳峤Щ˵ϢǼһ£ȹ깤ʽ˼˼
ģС±֤á峤ظӦ

ҹһӰϢ˼˼ĵ⣬ŴŽյĵţӰӻͳһӲҺ壬򿪺һɴ̱ǵζ
ĵûˣҵĵл·ĺݣ־͹Լ˱˵·Ӱ߷ߵ
ӰҺȫ˼еǽϣ󣬺ӰóһȼҪӵҺϡ
ʲôһȴӰŵĻ񶼵ȥ
ȼԼűߵͣյֱš
ֵĹⶼںӰϣӰΡ
Ȼ㣬ǿ˼˼Ӻڰ˳ҾͲˣҵʲôֵε鷳ξȻŻ𡣡
ǿݺݵĿһǾʵʵڼӣʲô⣬İɣҵҵһⶼûУ
˼˼ֻúЦҪʲô;ñ˻ʲôŮ˵Ķôôģ
ϻ;ְɣһ֤֤ڣӲ˵ġ
Ҹ㣬ͽ֣ҳˣҾȥŪs㣡ǿ󺰡
𺣻ǽŤȥ˾֣鿴˵ⲻǵһνǰΪܴĶԷȥһΡ
Ȼǵӿɾͻһˡղٺµĵ
ʵ֮ǰǼҾͻģϾҵֻ˼˼ֱ죬ŵĶǿĸǿͣ
Ь¹ŵģһܰ򶼴Ķˣʲôϡ档ղٸп
Դǿץǿо͹ˣûþȥ¥գʣ²Ǯźӻϼҡ
˼գղٻؼңղٹôãҲûȥˡ
᲻˼˼˼꣬ɺˡղˣСӡ
ʱֿԹɲⷽϸ
ţʱǿҲҪȥУʱһԵ
˼˼ɻĿ
ǰյϢҵĶʦ屧㹤깤ˣһȥҵ岻ͬʦุС
˼˼ͷӦõġ
Ǹãʱܸǻӹǿɺã˼˼ȴھкöˣʱ˺ӣһܰŴղָ
أš˼˼ε
ղһͷߵģǰ˼˼˼궣˺ܶࡣ
һ£˼˼Ĺ깤ˣ³ǽʵι̣ʮ˺ܿľͽԼĹλÿȫԶ²ժ߹ɳĹϴɾɸʳţ˼˼ŵֿרŹ̷ۡ
˼˼ȥӡ˼ֵİװũƤҲӡ˼ı־˼˼רȥ̾ע̱꣬Ȼڻû̱Ȩĸ
ÿĲܴڳȫ㹻һʣġ
ڹ˼˼̤˾еó̡
ԭҪ˼һȥҪѧգÿ͸һԷ
ʱƤ˼˼ǵһ̣˶˼˼˯ãһСƱȫˣλֻˡ
˼˼ҡҡλεĻ𳵣澰ɫϵˣоͦ档
磬ȥͳ˲ͣһһζһ㣬㹻˼˼һݶûг꣬ȻĽӹʣµķ
ӴûˣʱһߵСſڿһۣź󺰵
˼ˡü
ˣզˣ˼ֵ
ʱкһһߴ֣ó˶ü
λҶˣ鷳ȥ𺣵Ѿʼˡ
զˣǾˣ˯ôല˯˯զˣ˺ĵ
СкѾܵСᣬЬӶѾ˼˼Ĵ
ۣⴲ
棡
λΪ˰ҳǮģ鷳ȥѾˣһѽкӴɫĴѾɱӡ˺ӡӡ
˼˼ѾӴվˣɫҲܲÿ
˵զôûͬģûҴסһզˣֱ׳ĵһ̬
˼˼ԭأתͳš
ǣһûУզģԺǾͲˣ˻߶߶
ƾʲôΪ˾Ӧð㣿ȫ綼裿˼˼ŭЦ
˵ɶ˲١
˵զˣԼӲ̺ã°ܱˣأ˼˼˿
ſҪ˼˼˴
һ־ͱץסˣǸϻ𺣺гԱ
ͬ־ڻ£гԱֹУλǱ˵ģ뿪
סͲסɶ˲ģԽǮԽţޣ˴ˡ
Բǵʧ󣬴ǻΪгԱǱǸ
ܿ죬´ͻˣ𺣵ɫЩӲ
ˣҪΪ˲ɵԼ塣˼˼סᰲο
ҲԼûôܵί𺣷ס֣̾һ
Ҳί˼˼̵ġ
һóֻ̾һ̫Сʱ仹Ǻġ





38.  ʦ          кܿ㵽ˡ

кܿ㵽, ˳˼˼һʿоԼˡ
ǵǰݷɣһɫСγڳվڡ
鷳ˡ˼˼ϳ
ûʲô, ҽҲæݷЦŵֱȥʦ𣿡
ţֱȥɡ𺣵
, Ҳȥǰȥһξûȥˡ
˵Ż, Сת˸䣬һͩĽֵ, ֻܰ紵ͩɳɳ
СսһԺ, һȥͷ·һ磬ԺﻨŽ, ҡȥǼȫǻζ
ʦĸõģŪЩݲݡ𺣼˼˼ϲ, ͵
Ӹոͣһʮ˾Ů˳βԺŲζ, ഺ磬һƯȹ
𺣸, ݷɸ硣Ůö
Ʒơ𺣳ͷȻתǣ˼˼֡
˼˼ԿŮĲһ٣ϵЦҲһЩ
˼˼Լëȹ, ͷһͷһ˿࣬Ƥɰִһ˿ԸС
𺣸, ǡŮĿһ֣Ųײɬ⡣
ҵδޡ𺣵Ц˼֣˶ܸоá
ã˼˼˼˼ϴ΢Ц󷽵ĺк
ãǶŷƷơ
Ů˽һ۵ӭ˼˼ʶĿԼŮһۣЦŵˣ϶֪Ҫһֱ߶ء
ʦĸ
ʦĸ
𺣺ͰݷɹĽһ
ʦĸá˼˼ҲŽе
úãǺúӡʦĸӹСС
ˡһ¥ݴ˹
˼˼̧ͷͿ¥¥ݿһʮ=ߡ
ʦӭ˼
ʦ˿˿οǿྡˡ
ǣʦǹңʦ屧ʱ̽ѧĲǡ
Ϲͷһѣʲô̽ģˡ
Ϲ˵ʲôأʦĸһԵһۡ
ʦʦĸҵδޣ˼˼ǣ˼˼ֵǰ
ʦá
ʦĿºϬ˼˼ͻȻһϱϿοСץסĴ
Ǹúӡʦͷ
˵ʦһֱãҵĶûʱԾơ
ŷƷһԣһֱЩĬĿⰵĴ˼˼
˼˼ˣʦĸʵ
ҳϷһСӡ
ŷƷ̧ͷһ˿⡣
ũðũҵһҵĻǻҲ統֪࣬Ǵ飬Ϸ·Զһɳʦһ
˼˼ô𺣸ʶأŷƷһĺ档
Եɺϰɣҡ𺣿˼˼һۣᡣ
ǾǾ֮ǰ𺣸δЩʰɡŷƷ˵Ц˵ģ˵Ļڳ˶ɫ
Ʒ𺣸ӾͲˣģԶǵáݷЦŴԲ
֣ŷƷƵɫӲÿ
⺢˵ʲôǱ⣬ǳ軵ˣ˵ӡʦĸǳ˶ŷƷһ䣬תͷ˼˼͵
û£˵Ǿ֮Ҳûĵزô˵أǺദãɡ˼˼ЦŽӻŶŷƷƵɫѿˣһŭҲɢˡ
ϲ˼˼ģҪ֮ȴᣬŬ׷˺þòӦһ𡣡һԼڸ͵λá
˶ģŷƷƵȦһӺˣһԲ¥
ֳ֪ʲô磬Ѿ÷ˣʦĸкŴҹȥ
Թ緹𺣺Ͱݷɱʦȥ鷿ʦĸ˼˼ڿ
˼˼˵ϼҵȤ£ʦĸ˵ڶʦѧľ̸ʱѾΪ꽻ˡ
϶ţ㿴˼˼רŸ֯ģÿ𣿡ʦĸѾ˼˼ë
ÿ㴩ʲôÿʦǿҡ
Ǿȸˣ̽
뿪ʱʦĸһ̵˼˼һͼֵơ
𺣾Һ϶ŵĺӣһζҪġʦĸ˼˼ľܾ
ֱ뿪ŷƷƶû¶档
ˣʦĸ¥ƿŮķ䡣
谵ܿһӰ
㿴㣬ʲôӣڿǰʧ񡣡ʦĸ̾һڴߣº͡
裬֪ôϲ𺣸硣ŷƷƵ۾Щס
ô֪ģ˼ףﰡϲϲ˼Ѿҵ֪𺣸ӣϲǲͶģҿ۾֪İСֺãһܰŮϲӦףʦĸĳĵ
ŷƷʣѵȲһũŮ𺣸磬һӶӴˣ㿴ϵĴţһҲ𺣸ġ
ʹˣ·ԼģǸܸɵСӴ֪к˵㣬Ʒƣ㿴̫Ƭˣũ˺ʲôƽʱôģԼúɡ
뿪ĶʦĸŷƷٴνԼڱС
...
ϣʱʱ͵˼˼һۡ
㿴ʲô˼˼úЦȴʵ
˼˼治֪˵𺣵ЩͰ͡
˼˼ƹˣһЦ˳ˣˣûġ
ʵǺͷƷһ𳤴ģ֪˼ʱ䶼ˣΪ˱ܿݷɰŽͣҿǼʶֵܵһˣԭǸ޹ϡ
еȤֱ׳ĵƵķΧһɨա
ݷɽ͵¼ң뿪
¼յϢڼţղٸ
š˼˼ǰղٱ˸
ˡղۣñķյ㰮ԵĲˣԵ㡣
˼˼ɵͷ
˼˼˵Ѿ칤ˣ治޵
Ƕѧѧ㿴˼ңٿǡɸֵָԼ˵
¼ͳ¼ҺӶһۣ˶ԷеΡ
˵ҲҪͱѧѧء
𺣵乫˾ҲĲɣھж˵ˡ
Ÿո𲽣ҪƵĵطкܶࡣ
ԹϢһǱ׼뿪ˣ˼˼ڼ˼ꡣ
ղҲһȥ챨ʾܽǰСëҲȬˣŷ뿪
ȥƱһ·Ϸƽ˾˳ԳԺȺ˵˵ЦЦ͵ϡ
ؼҺ˼껹ûлö˼˼ȥǰ泬п˿ڰǮ˸ģһжеľһĻ˼˼ãһǲҲԿˡ






39.  бҵ¥   ˼˼û뵽ڶ

˼˼û뵽, ڶеĻܿˡ
˼˼и֪вȤգ󷢹ֿû, ˼˼˵
ɶ塣˼˼ʵ
һt¥İ칫¥ԭĵλ, Ǩˣ, ųҪȥ󷢵
˼˼۾һⲻ˯ͷô
Ҫ, 壬ɶҪ󣿡
Ҫûɶ, Ǽ۸ܸһ㣬Ҫ󷢱һ֡
˼˼һԼĴ, ҧҧԣ, ҪȥĵǼǣ
һҴȥϢûзųȥϰѸҵ, Ҫץᡣ
װ󷢱˼˼ȥ, ſڵǼֱ֮ȥ˵İ칫ҡ
Ҫ𣿼۸ǲˡѿ۵˼˼Щɡ
˼˼æͷΪ᲻Ѿһ, Ѿϰˡ
ڱѾмˣǾһбᣬдһϢ
˼˼ӹ, һЩϢ
ֵܣæԼֶŮ󷢸˴һ̡
ʱ򱨼۵Ҫ̫ߣҲ̫͡һ䡣
лˣֵܣԷ
˼˼ûвμӹбᣬڱûʲôֻȥ𺣡
˼˼תĻ󣬵ͷʱҺһȥ
...
Ͻ㣬ɫÿ岻ϣ˼˼ʵ
ϷҡҡͷЦЩǿû£еۡ
۾ͻؼϢһ졣˼˼
û£һͺˡϷæܾ
֣˼˼ûˡ
ӣӣ
أɶҪæġϷԱߵĹ˿ͽеĻ
ҳһжء˿͵
Ϸĳأٴθ˿͵Ǹ
զˣ⼸񡣡һԣҽʵ
û¡Ϸҡҡͷ
Ҫ岻ͻؼϢأô߹ʵĹɲңϰִ󷽣ɱΪЩµҽѵ
֪ģлл㣬ҽ㡣
ƻʱ֣˵ţϷʹһʹ淸𣬶Իؼҡ
·ϣһ˳סȥ·
㣬ҳǮﵽûǱ߶ڴˡ˶ʮңһͷģ
ôǮϷŭ
ҿɹܲţ跢ˣ㲻ǮԺͲŮҿ׵ܵܣԺ󷢴ˣ㲻Ҳ𣿡
Ҽﻹ˺ҪǰٿˣϷǷŭͬһĺӣŮҪȶӵͼ
ٿ鶥ɶãڹǸÿ¶һٿ㣬ΪҲ֪ҪȻȥϰ裬ôã϶õĳöǮ
ܣȥ취Ϸ
㣬Һ㡣˵꣬˾뿪ˡ
Ϸ̾һԼ˼ҡ
裬ˡ
衣
һСкһСŮܳ˵ӭ
ˡﴫһϵ
Ϸĺӣӣڴһ̱ڴˣƵ棬һŸɾģָȥ
֮ӹɵڵԼԣϷŷιˡ
βǼҵĺӻģǸűˣûкӣʱҪҪȥ˵
裬ҲˡϷͷҨһ׷
վǸŮˣԼզѾôˣһӣҶˣ̸ˣҾȥԺ˵
ã裬ҵѾŴˣǲ˵ģԺչҲġϷųһȴ֡
˿ΪѾ˼Ƶ̾һεºܣôõĶϱ
ģ裬ϰɺˣһһٿأƽʱǻܴһЩʣµĻӻԽԽõġ
...
תۣбӣ˼˼һͬȥ˻᳡᳡ܼ򵥣һңһʮˣ¡
ҾΪҵ¥ĹȨ۵ԼĿе֣ǻѡбߡ¼򵥵˵˼䡣
۵һݣ˽Ĵƽͼƽ
¥ܹǧ˰ٸƽƽͼ˼˼⣬ӼᶨҪ뷨
¸˴һСʱʱ䣬һСʱ׼ʱȡλı۵
ĵȴ󣬹¸Ľ˼˼Ȼбˡ
ϲλСб꣬һǩͬ
˼˼콵ڱУ˻Щκǩ˺ͬǮȻǮˣܸˣӽԺⶰҵ¥ˡ
ôģôô˼˼һ·϶ߴߴĺ˵
ĦİˣԺ㡣ǹЦݣƺδ޵ĳݡ
ǰһ׷˳
˼˼ϳǸոбһͬˡ
ʲô£𺣵ı롣
ǸոбĴ¥Ը˫ļ۸񡣡˵
Բ𣬲ֱӾ;ܾˡ
һҲԳƺҪҵ¥
˼ҵ¥ҲҪˣȥطɡ˼˼
ûپԭվһᣬ뿪ˡ
˻صңӭզˣбɹ𣿡
ûУһЩա
˭Ůüѯʣǿɼƻ˺þõģզͻȻ˽غˡ
һ˼˼ģ֪ðģҳļ۸ҡ
˼˼֣Ů͵Ļͷ˵һ飬˭
...
˼˼ȥ˿Լҵ¥ΰѾˣܼ򵥵˴שѾĿԭɫˣǽ˰ףͼֽϻվֱ۸ܵĺܴ
λòҲ󡣡˼˼ԽԽˡ

ȥʱϷԷһʮҵˣϷ˵Щʲô
Ϸδô˼˼ͨ졣
˼˼˺ϽǸ˼ϰ壬ϴߡ˵꣬ߵսǴ
Ҷ˵˲ܣϰ⣡˵һ취ϷɤӶЩɳơ
ϰͷӰõǮҲֵᷢģ׬ǮַŻȥ˺ĵ
ܡϷܾĺܸɴࡣ
˵취ôҲûʲô취һǮء˺ǲͷ
ô죿ܽҶˣѲҪңϷۿ
ûãϰҲǸŮˣզô׬ǮҪҽ㲻ͺˣ˵꣬ת˹սǡ
Ϸһ˴ڽ䣬ᡣ
ãϷŻ۾׵ġ
鷳ˣʲô¾͸ңܰҶᾡ㡣˼˼
û£㿴ЦˡϷ˼ЦЦ
Ը˵˼˼ҲûʣϾÿ˶Լܡ
ڶ죬Ϸûϰ࣬ҲûκϢôƽ޹ʵʧˡ






40.  ӪϷ   ˼˼֪ϢѾǵڡ

˼˼֪ϢѾǵڶ, ڶ쿪źͨĺϷӰ˼˼Щ, ѯ淺ʹҽ㡣
׼˵أûҲûԸ, ɲģÿÿ, Ž°ȥҿҽ
صģ֪᲻Ǽɶ, Ǹݣ˼˼ʵ
֪أҲ, ˵ﻹиܵܡҽ
ɣھȥҿ, ɱʲô£淿һµ˼˼
, ߰ɡҽ㽫Ϊɻȥӷȥ
ĿԶﰵصǡ
Ϸ, ҲǸģ, һ̱ӣϷһչ, ҲûļޣǸ˭һ·ϣҽ˵Ϸ
˵, ߵһҲԺſڣԺŰţŽȥ
ϷϷڼ𣿡ҽɤӺһ
ڴ΢ĺ˸Ͻܽȥ
һ°̱ˤڱĵϡ
˸Ͻ˷ϴɺãﻹ߶ʲô˼˼սһ
һֱظ֡
һǶˣȥŪԵĹҽ˵űȥ
ǵͫװţƺܣ˼˼ģ˼Ȫˮʶʡ
ûһᣬҽһϡ˼˼ӹϡһһ׵ιһϡף˲Ż˹
Ϸϰ壬Ϸûȥϰ࣬ҹʣ֪ȥ𣿡˵ľһЩ˼˼ʵ
ǰϣ˵ӿźӻһˣһߣһֱûҲûԸţҲģҾǸˣҲ߲ˣ˰æȴŶȥϰ壬Ҽҷһֱ˵ǺˣӸͷˣһҷ˵žҪ˼˼æֹ
ģһϷһ˼˼
ʱϷѾˣǻϲԶС塣
§ڵϣôҲ벻Լᱻ׵ܵƭڷ
ǣŴһ죬һֻ뷹
裡Ǹɶߣ軹һڼءϷżĺ
Ϲģ˶û㻹ʲô㿴ڹɶӣһŮûУڴӵľԸ⻨ٿȢȥ͵ְɣҸ㣬ǮˣԹԸҼ޹ȥɶ۶ӡ洫һ˵
˵ҲˣһȥӺ£Ϸг˾
ܺˣҸ˸ùޣһǣԺ޵ľңȡӣԺļҲġĸΪǵš
У㲻ܴҵĺӣ裬ˣŮŹǰɣ
ҲҪ裬ܻܵûȢϱأȻﲻǮܻǮԺȢϱǷҲǺõģģܷˣ϶ġ
Ϸ§ӣУ㲻ҵĺӣҲˣÿ¶Ǯǻ𣿣ͷҪҺͺӻǮ
Ϸص
ѽʲô裬ӵˣſڣϵܵܲͷ
ãˡӵ̬ˡ
裬¡
裬ǻؼҡ
ӽסϷֱۡ
ϷĸˣסӣȴᶨģҲ˴ǵģҲҪǡ
һᣬű򿪣ϷһԷ˽
ӶۣƽʱĺáϷĵЦš
ڳֵİˣŵöϷ
ֻҪӣͲҪˣǮġе˵
ɡϷֿ˻Ѿű˵ѹҲȥһ롣
ȥҲӵģϷںǰóһ鲣ǰ˻ţΪŲѾѪ졣
ô£û˵𣿡ŮЩá
ɶϷջ
ˣţôһǻ˼״ܲ˵ˡ
ȵȣºϷϷһۣ׷˳ȥ
Ϸһ̱ڵϣԱ߻ɢһЩ鲣ǽߵĴһĲƬϻմȾѪ

˼˼ǵСʱѾǰˣǲ֪Ϸϼģ˺ö˲ʵһͬ硣
֪Ϸ𣿡˼˼ڴڴµѯʵ
ϼѾͷǰǿȥǼҡָһ򣬡ҲԾƵģ
ʲôƣ˼˼ʵ
ⲻϷ˵ϷҪˣ͸ڴľľЩЩǮʹ˵㣬ʮüˣȢʮĽޣǡֹһѾ
˼˼𺣵ɫЩѿ

Ϸͺӿǽǣϵ˿ڻѪһһ飬ǸոܵûյǮ߳ŭģһƬֵŴһڼңһʱ߽ӡ
ľҹŮ˵޹ˣˮأ㻨ٿԳԲ˿ſڣϷۻһľ
ٺ٣ûû¡һЩſ𣬡Ƚȥ
ű򿪣Ϸһ͵˴˽ٺٵЦţ£ˣ׽׽
ϷսеĲƬһһ߽߶ȥɷ֡
ʱĴűһ߿һͬһϷ
㣿û°ɣ˼˼ڽĺ
ϷĲƬڵϣˤɼ꣬û¡

ϷӱͽҽԺҽžϷϷܵľȫˡ
ҽԺһŷϷ˿Ѿɼǣϻкüµࡣ
ӳ˵㾪ţûбˣ˼˼˼ңҽ˳ϷѾҵˣõġ
ڶ죬˼˼ȥҽԺϷѾˣڲϷ
ϰ壬ǮҹۣҲۡϷЩɳơ
ã˵Ҳҵʧְһ£ͲᷢЩˣ㰲סǣʵ²ᡣ
ܹ㣬Լ̫ųˣҵˣû뵽ұƵ·ͬЩˡϷЦ
û£㻹ǣӣдأɵĻˣˣϼиҽ̱ˣѾȥҩˣʱûȥԣ㣬һжġ˼˼ס֣ƺħ͸οϷǧٿ׵ġ
ӴԺϷ˼˼ĹںΪǧĽƵ곤󣬱ٶǮۣڲߡ
е̨ɷãžͷ¶һ΢ЦȫǻůҵϰڰĹ⡣

ϷҽԺסͳԺؼˣûкʹϸ˵򵥵һʴϵˣﻹĨ˼ᡣ




41.  ڹ          ˼˼ÿ졭

˼˼ÿȥũҪȥСĵ, ȴ˿ûƿǼɵûԼ᲻ô˷
죬ոջ, صСϢͿߵĵ˶Ĵչȥ, Ϳһ鵰ǵ˼˼, Ҫƿ
һһڿʲô
һֻڵķֲٵĺڹ
˼˼һ, ӵ, ˣ
С̹۵Сͷ֡
˼˼, ԴС, ôֻһֻͨ԰Ȯ
ˣȻˣŰ, ˼˼ũ̷۳ݺ˵ǰС̹ҡβ;Ͱ
, ͿʼũСȵڵķɿ졣
˼˼֣ĵط, еĶﶼʶıãСڹһȦֻصǰ, ¶ĶƤ
磬ͽú򣿡˼˼ΪɫСԲҲͦ˼˼һֶֻܰ
СڹһǺܸˣ־ô
ú֮˼˼磬ʱúͱҵų裬ÿͶιú
ʵ粻һ£úһȦú
...
˼˼С¥ʼˣǰеװ޷ϽһЩĶ̫ǰҲҪһ
׼һ¥ʣɻʳȵȣ¥ëɵĸֶëë£ë̺ëΧȵȡ
Ѿ׽˷֯Ʒ;ʲôֻ֯ɫֳߴ磬Ѿ˺ܶڲֿ
֣ԼũţÿλͻƤһһƤƤţƤôڵϣһοʱ˺þá
ǣרŻǧǮһƤƷЩƤƤ£ƤЬƤҲ׼ڶ¥
֪УũʮԳ齱ˣһ˼ҲУﻹͷȵú
˼ǵһαɫĹâ֣ȴֵĸ˷ܡ
âͣº󣬳ǰһӡ
ʲôӣǼȻǳ齱ģӦҲɣ˼˼ȫũϡ
;صӷѿ

ϰ壬ҩã˵еۡϷ˷ܵĺ˼˼
þͺá˼˼ЦŵҩʵͨĲҩɵҩ裬ֻ汻˼˼һȪˮ
죬˼˼̳ú򴩹С
ոչսһͬȻõס𶯣Ǯ
˼˼󾪣ٵˡ
磬𼤶Ǯ㡣˼˼֪ʱҪľסװڻǮʵˮ׼һ
һʱúͻȻ֣ϣ˽һͬƽʱһ˼˼ֻס˶䡣
ɢȥѾû˶˼˼ͷͿոٵѾ˵ϣ˻ԡ
˼˼ȵĿúҲ̫˰ɡ
ú㵽Ǹɶ˼˼һԴ
ХȮĺӵХȮʮ֮һѪͳδֵũϵͳٴη
˼˼ˣХȮǿ񻰹ŻֵĶ
ʱú񶼱ˣǵĺ
úԴĻ
ſСĵ㣬˵ҵĺܣǰǼ˵Ķӣȥһ˱Ǯϻͱ˺üءղٺµĶ˼˼ǡ
˼˼ӣûиԼѾˡ

շ˼˼سԶԶľͿ·ڴ
أ˵ˡ˼˼
˼˼ԶԶĿһ۾ת뿪ǵѾûйϵˡ
ʳù˼˼ʳ˿ģⶼǴƬƬģѵģǴһݹ;ëǮ۸һҲ˼˼ÿȥʳöܿһϼҴڵĹԷ
ãº˵˼˼칫ҡ
Ӷһӡ˼װƬ
զˣƬûɶ⡣˼˼ӹƬ˿
ȻûģǱ˴ͷġ
ͷ˼˼ü
ǣ˵һ̯ϣ˵Ѿ˺öˣɺˣⲻǳȥ𣿡Щ˿治֪㰡ôߵĹʣԵĺãҲɣܸɳ¡
ҲңæǱ̳£ӣƽʱһ£˭ɣҲ᳣ζҪס
ɡˬͷ

ôüġˮ˼˼üʵ
С⡣˼˼ЦŴ
ĳĺܺðҶö˿ˡ
˼˼˼ЦЦⶼǵ֧֡
Ҳֲ֧˶ڰ֡
զˣҪˣ
ĳˣսһãΪԭҵͷԴңʮˣҪһʮӵܵҲգҰĹ꣬ʹְˣ˵˻ԴԺǶܹˡ̲ס˼˼˼ˮ
˼˼ȴ˼ԸԸҳ﹤һһǧ飬Բסڴһ׷ӣһҵĹס㲻ĻҲסԺ󻹻ǣҲ֪ϻһӣҵ¥ҲҪˣʵæ֪оҡ
ɴۣôңҪ֪ڵĹҲٿһ¡
˲ɣ˲ã˵ְҪȰѹҾ֪϶Ǹεˡ
һȥ롣
˼˼ͷǼ£ҲӦõġ
˼գɶ˼˼һ죬һǿƽʱԹģ
˼˼װһҵ˵Ǹ̯һ治٣Ƭ߸ɢװ̷ۡ
զģ˼˼ߵ̯λǰ£һƬ
ëǮһȵĻЩ
ģڲҼкӣԻ˶ӿҪġ˼˼˵
ͷһģ㿴־˼˵ûǿĴ󳧣ԼԼζõúܣǱ߿Ŀɻ˼оϰ忪ģǰ̯ϵĶԹˣҲԲӡСظ֤
ȥõĻɲƭңɶƾ֤
ݾǸģרŰҴ㿴־֪С
˼˼ëǮһƬ뿪ˡ
ԭֻǻɣѾȷ˳ڹ
ھǿβץסˡ
˼죬˴𸴣Ӧ˼˼롣
³ҾʹְˣʱֱӹҲ˳ȫ
졣˼˼Цŵ
졣






42.  ˼걻۸     ȵ³˳ȫġ

ȵ³, ˳ȫĹѾӺˣӹӪ۵˽Ӫ£ҶǺ, ˳Ц
γ
壬ֶӵĿҪȰһˣСôܺ͹ӪأǴְ, ԺɾͻزˡЦЦļȰ
ģⲻһֱ뿴Ľ𣿡˳ȫҪ뿪, Ҳͬϻ
ЦһЩȻô˵ˣҾͲȰ, ǾԤףǰƽ
˳ȫĻԼĶת뿪
ʲôΪԼбˣ뿪ɫ, ϵĶȫɨϡ
˳ȫڳﶢţ˼˼Ҫɲ, ˳ȫһ³ڹ顣
ʵ븴ˣȻ˵һ, ȻеڶأֻҪһССն˳ȫ
գ˼˼һ, Աÿ˷һС
ǵ²ƷҶζզ˼˼Цŵ
óԡ
զóԡ
ĴȤ
Ȼó, Ȼˣʹ˼˼˵꣬ͽһɷŵԼİ칫ҡ
ϰ壡һ£˽, ˼˼Ŷûüͳȥˡ
һ뿪һ춼ûл
ϣû, һӰ˳ߵһûйϵĴԣ˽ȥ
ߵϰ칫ԣţȻû
ӰǱȥǸڴһϲӿڴóһԼİ
ո׼뿪ͻȻվŲˣԭʧ˼˼ȻվȺС
ô㣿˼˼ǰüͷǰһ˹ˣ꣬·ϻоζζ˾˺ö꣬ôҲǸôͻ쵽Щ͵顣
һأϰ壡ŵԱѹһŮ˽ȻǳԱ졣
ɷ򵱱ȥˣһչ˼ĶŮ͹ĸ˵ӦǼ˲ٸģΪʲôҪգ
һģɡɿĿһۣһ˼˼Ȼ˾
ԣһģҲ֪顣æƲϵ
컹ڵͷϣ˼˼ֱӣȥҡ
˼㶵أͼƲϵ㻹ǲǸˡԱǿ֮ǰԾʵǷĲԾ˽㹦ҹ˼˼㱨ϴԼϵɡ
˵ûõģһʲô;˵ɡ˼˼
ıˣǰһۣۿԺˡ
ھʱ컹һҧ¶ã£ֱǴȥѶֳĿУʮ⻹ƭĶˣеƸ졣
Ĭ˺ܾã˵еʵ
СҵģҲҪ͵ģӳӰʼһֱųӣʼ뿴ʲôʱ򵹱գȥСŷ̻
ǳˣҪö̸ף㶢Ա
Ĺ۲죬ɷڣһ˳ˣįеģ̽Եˣû뵽ջã£Ľչɿ죬ܿ͹˲ݶӡ
ˣ찮ԸΪκ¡
ºɷѶ˽糾ͣϻžװ
ɫһӱɷף죬һ仰˵
ҵˡɷһݡ
һӿ˳ʱںˡ
ɷ˻飬ͺӴȥ˲ӣؽ˼
Ϻ֪Ϣҵ˼˼
˼˼ĸˣŹɡϵ͸¶ƣôҲŮڵ˶˺ܶࡣ
仰Ӧ˵ôͲܷŹң˼˼һһεģ浱ǾˮˮãͷҪңɿҳԱǾͲҪˡ
ǰǵĴһΣþַ˿ɣûпϴѧܣЩġ̬ȷŵ˺ܶ࣬ûдǰĸ߸ϡ
˼ΪʲôûκιϵŲˣʲôʲô˼˼ҲǶת˳ŵ˽⡣
Ϻ费ͷɥվһᣬҲת뿪ˡ

ڹץҲǸһѣɱӺҪ˽ʲôС
˳ȫĹιǰСҲ˺ܶࡣ
˼˼ܾԼ˶ţתȴֿˣŪ⣬ŶҪú
ҵ¥װɣ˼˼ܶ˽ȥ˼мֵҲȥȥҲģ
˶ʮˣÿм˸
ѡһ½˵ӣ˼ʽҵˡ
ҵ죬ܶϹ˿͹Ҳ˺ܶ¹˿ͣĸѲߡ
һô͵ĳлǴûгֹģԺܶ˶ʣټϸտҵĻȱȽϴ󣬴ҿˣǸ㣬֪˲ٻؼҡ
һӪҵǺܳɹġ
˼˼úڳȺϹ䣬ͻȻúһ˼˼һһи
úԴ֣Ȼ˼ҶС
úɶиУ˼˼һʱûסӻˣúһСڵһȥײиĶϡ
˼˼һ˲䶼ᵽɤۡ
ʱиĶȴͬһӱϵһصʳ̷ۡ
ΧȺڻȻԭǸС͵
װиŮɫһ䣬ͷ뿪ס˼˼˱ȥ
ӣˣС͵ܴšԱ˳ú
úʱѾ˼˼ĻİСԴ
٣öڿ
˼˼Դһȥһţ̡
úβͿٵҡ
һӪҵö˻δ׷Լŵڶһ
Ϊ̫࣬ײղٱûͬһȥ˼˼˵̳зȤ£ղֵĺϲ£죬˵ȥ
ʱ˼˽ͷ˺Ϳȥ
˼˼Ծ˹ȥ
Ȼ˼ϻʺİӡǱ˭ġ
˼˼󾪣˼һֱ²˲ĵĺӣϴ˵֮ʹûͱͻ
˼꣬ô£˼˼˼ǰʵ
û£㡣˼겻Ը˵
ʲôܶ㣬ʲôҲ֪˼˼ֵѹ
˼״ȻˣģǡѧУһִãǻ۸ˣѧУ쵼ĺӣҸʦˣұ๩飬Ҳô;ϣҲˣûµģ㡣
۸㣿˼˼ѾˣŭȼգԼ̶᲻ôһ£Ȼ۸






43.  ѵ        ҲǾżɡ

ҲǾ, żɡ˼ЩԾСĵ
ҺһȥѧУҵҪ, ĸѧУ쵼ôĶѧУаԵ˼˼
ڶһ磬˼˼˼ȥϵĳС
߲ͣдɽװʦѧ, ·߰ߵڵ, ԶĽѧ¥
ûȥңֱȥУ칫ҡ
Уͷ칫, һɫɽװϼһڿ۾, ͷͷϡ衣
˼˼췿ţ洫һ
ⲻ˼ͬѧʲô𣿡Уڳɼܲ˼ӡ̡
У, ˼Ľ㣬˼ѧУڱһֵͬѧ۸, Ҽ˼˵λͬѧİְѧУ쵼вҵܸܵʦ, ֪ʲô쵼ôĹ˼˼
ѧУѧϰĵطЩѹϰյĵط˼˼һ, Уɫˡ
˼ϵİ̺ۻɼ׵ġ
һһģѧУǶ˵ĵط, ڡУ

˼˼˼͵ңſھһɵ󻹸żࡣ
Ӵ, ѧǻؼҸ״ȥˣޱ𣿹䣬˴Ц
죡˼ŭ
߳ŭˣбҰ
˼ǰһ˼˼סˡ
֣˼˼ޱʵ
СŮ֪ңЦĴ˹٬ٲȻһӵܵģ
˼˼¶һ΢Цֻ˻Ȼɿһϣһ߳
쵽Χ˶ûзӦ
ûзˤڵϣһɡ
Ƕ˰ԼǴġ˼˼ջȣþûˣоˬ
Bӣ㡭߳ŭ˼˼۾еĻ˵ˡ
ҹʲô쵼ӻǸɲӣ۸ҵܾܵҲС˼˼˵˼˽ҡ
˶ĿɿڴĶȥƯ
úϿΣ˼꣬۸㣬㻹߽㡣
˼ģæͷиάԼá
뿪ʱֻڵϣ˼˼·֡Сġһ֡
ɱĲҽС
˼գУ˼˼˼꣬ͬһ𣬰칫ﻹһˣĶ֣ˣɿ̧ͷһִۣͷȥ
˼ͬѧĽɣᣬ꼶εĴ˸к
ҼĲԣѾˣҲˣԭ¡Сӣ˼ͬѧǸһǳ˵ġ
վߵ˼ǰŤĵԲ𣡡
ôʲôҺúõǸ˵˵ΪɶҪ۸˼ң꼶βܵ꼶Σ˼˼һ
ΪɼóúÿŮӭԼ㣬۸㣬Բ𡣡Ȼϰ֣ƽʱȫӰ
ûϵʵҾ㳤ҲúѧϰҲŮӭ˼룬Ļһ䣬ʵ˼˼죬Ѿˡ
ģôõģһ˻ֵ۾˼̬һٶʮת䡣
˼˼ԹεĶһۣСӰ
¾ôˣ˼յɰ۸˵ǵһ˵ÿģ־ѣҪʱ
˼ۣô죬Ǻѣʱ׵˵һ䣬˭֪ᵱ档

ũ齱͵ǰӣոðѿʵǿǸɶֻܵ
˼˼մղȥйһˣղͷҼ˼˼жûĳء
˼˼ЦЦʱֱ˼ӵĸоˣɿͷڲ׽һ½ǣñղȥ칫һᣬɿ˳ȥ
ǰһӰڿ첽ţģǸŮˣ˼˼һȥץס·
˭ΪʲôҪң˼˼ʵ
ŮתϴϤİ̬Ǻþòˡ
˼˼üʲôʲô
ŮˣҲϵĴŮ˲Լһͷô·޵ģҲߣ
ߣΪʲôҪң⼸Ҹоľɣ
Ҳֻ˵òѣ㲻֪ɣⶰ¥ԭҪģû뵽ˣһᡣƲƲ
˼˼֮ǰס𺣵Ǹˡ
ܾĳûʲôˣһҲ
ȻûʲôԺô͵͵Ŀˣҵı㵱С͵ץ
˼˼˵ת׼뿪
ιסСĵһͬһˣ˵ãطģʱ򰵵Щʲô³ȻˣҪǳˣ˵Ļҡ
˵꣬Ťˡ
˼˼ıӰҡͷЦʲôԡ
ͻȻͨϾǱûʲôޣǱǱĬӰˡ
ص̳ղżʷʲô£˼˼ҡҡͷûа˵ֻ˵һˡ
صң˼Ѿˣ󻹸´½䷹֡
㣬ǳɶͬкһҲ֮ǰ˼˼ſڵϵӰ
ҽ㡣˼귭һۡ
ǻɶңҽ㡣˼ļ򣬸õ˵
˼Ȼ۷ڿ죬˼˼ܿǺܸ˵ģΪһνҪõѡ
ϳԻ˼˼
ֻһԹ˼˼ĻóԵͷҪȥˡ
˼˼߽ҲˣŽæ
ûע⣬𺣵ͷӡһǣ÷ۺ죬ֻ͡
˼˼ʲôʱ޸ҡЩɳơ
Ҷʮɡ˼˼룬ʮҲСˣҲԼˣϾǸܶʮ궼кӵ
á֣иͷˡ
˼˼˺ܶţ⣬иزˣԧһߺһ߰׹ҳԵĺ죬˻û꣬ҶѾˡ
ϣ˼˼¸𺣣𺣵üͷţСһ㣬ȥһ鵽˭
˼˼ͷűشú
ڶգˣһûжڰǴ󷽷ĽһٶĶ
Щ˵ҵʳԵġҫĵ
ţͦá˼˼Ļ
Ҳ׼ˣһ֣ҵ磬֪ʵ𣿴ӹǱ߽ģˣ·ɫģûɡ
Ŷû
˼˼ƽķӦһȭ޻ֻܶһ






44.  ץ     ˣߡ

, ֮ǰһӣˣŶ, ɲģֻ˳·ģԼŲÿ, ˡ
Ŷûȥɡ˼˼ĵ
, һԵ죬ŵ, ģ㰮ҪҪߡ
˵һˡ
˼˼ĺ, һոµȹɫ֮ǰĺûȥǼЩ, ǰ׵
ҡͷЦһԲ, ô˵
...
˼˼˺ü죬ÿúţƽ˾·
ǱҲûв鵽ʲôʵԵϢ, ЩϢԴ׼ȷ
˾ʱ̳ȴͻȻֹϢ, ŪĻ̻̣һЩ
ģҺҼǿӳ, ߵ̳ſھϵģ֯}, ߹ȥһһ·ŮƮأһ
ҲһӾƮȥˣˡ
᲻᲻ɾ
...
̸͸¶̳ſڳ˰Ů˼˼üһ˿˵ۻô˶˵ʵڵģ˼˼ǸΨߣʲô뵽ѣһ̳ı
ؼҺһϼƣ˾ȥ̳⿴
ҹղѾ˯ˣ˼˼𺣻һ͵·ţո߳žͷŵβ͡
˼˼վһۣ˼ֹԹԵĴӰ˳ֵѧУż٣棬˼˼ΪϢˡ
ٺ٣㣬˵Ƕˣʹһȥɡֵ
˼û˵Ǻһȥġ
УһΣأǵôڼ˼˼Ͼܾ
ΣҲܱ㡣ؿڡ
㣿ң˼˼ЦЦĿ˲˱˼˼֧Ŀ־塣
ּ˼˼̬ȼᶨת𺣣ʹȥɣһᵷҵģ׼ԹԸں档
һȡ𺣣һȥǵЦ⣺ҪʹȥɣҲֻȿ
˼˼ĥû취ѱһֻۣͬˡ
ǣбС
ҹС¹£Ӱӣʱûʲô·ƣҲûи¥õڵ¹׵ľһԡ
̳ʱƹѾȫϨˣΧҲһƬΪֹԣ⸽˾
˼˼˾ͶڲԶſǴ˵еİŮ
˺һᣬ̳Ǳ߶ûж
᲻ŪˣʲôŮ˯ˡ
ҪȻأ˼˼Ҳ
䣬Ϳһֵָ̳ſڡ
˼˼ͷͿһͷɢŰ·Ů˴ӴſƮŹĿ
ߣȥǰ˹ȥŮƺˣƮĸˣתûټ
׷䴦ѾŮӰˡ
ӦװŪȻʲô𺣶϶
ͼɶôϵģôӣ˯𣿡ֱԹ
֮˵ĿľΪпȥֻҪ˳ſֹľͲˡ˼˼ɫЩÿ˴໹ŵġ
񿴼˻࣬󲿷˻ֻɵ̬ȣ϶ġ𺣵
㣬ǿզ졣˼ʵûʲôܽҴĿ
ҵúú롣
...
պ˼оٰһγ齱ֻҪѶʮԪϾܳ齱ߵĽȻٿĹȯȯ˿ڳٿĶ
һϢһʮʮ٣С˶֪ˣҷ׷ܵȯŮĴԶԺ
һʱ䣬˼е𱬡
ĳ䣬һߵλǰСʵ˵ֹô
˵ʲôֹҿһζûڳпǰٿĶҺǿӵòԲȼôǮ㲻٣ҲмɶģûĶɶõֲġһ񼦵һߵ
ǰҲûֻм˵еĶζֽҶ򡣡
ɲǣҼӳ˼еĶĵطģͲԣ˵Ҳɶ
˼һᣬ뿪ˡ
㣬𣿡ֺ˼վڰ칫ﳯ濴ȥ
֪ˣûӰ췴ԽԽã϶취ġ
齱ʱ˼˼ϣ쵽齱ȯĴϰ˵㵽˼г齱
ѴҶŵſҲĿյϣյػڷ˺ܶСӣǰһܴĳ齱䣬װдŸֽƷֽľȥ齱ÿ˶ṩһˮҲҲġ
ʱ䵽ˣ齱Ҳʼˡ
һš˼˼ʼ롣
ҡһվߵ齱ǰһֽ
ʮǮĹȯ˵ĵûٿ飬ʮǮҲˡ
һ˾˽Ǵ˳齱ֳĻա
ڴҶûע⵽Ľ䣬һĶǽǹ۲죬ô࣬õĻᡣ
ڳ齱ݱĽʱһ޵Ŀ
ûп
ǣ˭ڿް
֪޵Ļţò˵ֹɣ
ˡ
ԽԽ󣬽˶ˡ
˼˼״ǹһĨЦݣϹˡ
һŮԱߵ¶һӰס١
㿴Ů
ܣȻԾ
ҾͲ̰ɶ
Ⱥһ궯ö˶ܡ
ʱڰļɿ˳һѽƮŮ˵ڵء
ȺȻ־ץס
Ů˵ڵأͷϵļٷҲе
ԭŮǸеģƮȫΪϰСӣžܻ
˲֮ǰ̴ϼκһˣİס
ԭڳſװŪ˼˼ҿʲôֹ˼Ǻãװˣ
̫ˣ
ǰ㲻ƾɶҲ򣿡
ȺнӿңڻĻ̫ɵˣרŸһףƫƫԼˡ
㻹ͬ飬ͬģȻҪŻôӦûһˡ
ûˣһˡ˵
ʹʲģֱ;ְɡ
˱͵˾ֳ֣ĳ齱УΪֲܵľţ˼˼ÿ˶ұʾûܵӰ죬żĵĻ˼ҡ
ֹԾôƣװʼû˵һ˭ֻ˵Լһģ¾ô֮ˡ
±ͬ˼ҷ֣ĲŮˣرġ
ȥġ˼귭һۣ;Լõúܡ




45.   45          ˷ɿġ

˷ɿĴСӻص, ໹ֱ
զˣҸأİ˴߳ģɻʵ
ץˡ˵
ɶզ£㲻˵һʧ𣿡ŮЩˡ
˭֪¸ףܵÿ, Ҳز˵
¿զ죿Ů˽ʵǮܰҸŪ
Ȼʱɵͷզ˵, أ˵ʱͷųˡ
Ǹأûˣ
롣

Ǽ, ת˶Ķƺ, ȻƮƮСѩ
˼˼ũļ紺, ůʡ
ջֽȥ˿ӣһ, ԼһӶˣǰһƬֲ, ˼˼ɴۡ
֥˲ΣĲ, ڵȵȣǼҩ, ַȥҲߵˣ֥, ˰˲Ρ
ֲóôأ˼˼뵽
ÿһóȥƶ⵽ɣ
һƬҩȫյֿʱòˡ
ת, أӵⶼܺã˼˼Ϊ̱ȥǮֹСϿʼһɳȣܶ˶˳Уеⲻеҵ
żǰԱÿ˶һԱǻϲϲźŹؼˡ
죬˼˼ոմӳ⴫
һվŵľйһ֮ԵĶŷƷơ
˼˼ŷƷϴ΢Ц
ôˣ˼˼Щȣôҵģ
Ұ궼æҸɴ棬ҰҪĵַһĳġŷƷƵ
Ƚɡ˼˼ݡ
𺣸粻ڼ𣿡ŷƷĴ
ûˣȥ򡣡˼˼ʵǲɣһ˵УεĽֺ۵ء
𺣸绹ǡӼҡŷƷƶһһݡ
Ǻǡ˼˼Цһ
˼˼ˡ𺣴
˼˼ηӦߵĶŷƷƾͱ˹ȥһס𺣵֣𺣷ӦܿĶ㿪ˣüͷ΢壺ôˣ
ѽôӭңŷƷЦŵ
ʦ֪ȥ籨
ȥŷƷƴһ
ðɣ͵ܳģҰȻҪȥףҿְּĵţϵĵַģ𺣸磬ǧҰ衣ŷƷƺ
˼˼վһԣԼںرࡣ
ú˵û߶ʦúôţҺɩӳȥһˡ˼˼ת뿪
ŷƷϵЦʧˣ˳ȥִûֺҲ֪ô
ŷƷԳЦЦҲ֪Լôһʱ嶯ܹΪʲôΪԼѹԹ׼ˣǸԼһᡣ
֮ƺôҲȥķΧˣôĵߣҲԼĽġ
ԭĵȴãˡ
ˣʲôģ籨ع֮ǰסŰɡ˼˼ε
ãԼȥסд𺣺ĵ
˼˼һۣʦŮи̣ôﻹз䣬סŰɡ
ϱС
˼˼һ죺˭ϱȾ㰡ڼɲܵһ𡣡
ֱ̬Բܣֻ㵥һ顣
ǣŷƷƾô˼˼ס
˵һŷƷƵΪЩף쳣İǿ˼˼һ˴ڷ䡣
˼˼ãȥһֶŷƷϲʵĴ
˼գʦ˵籨Լûй̺ܽŮ鷳ʾǸ⣬˵ԼھкæѲ鷳Ůһʱ䣬æͻ
𺣺ΣʦҲþܾ
û£סһҲסһҲס˼˼ĺܿҲΪ𺣸㹻İȫС
ܿ죬꣬Ϊĸ岻̫ãǰ籨겻һ꣬Ҳ˳壬ֻ˼˼ܣղ٣һŷƷơ
˼˼һӲˣѼ⣬ӦоУŷƷڳæζ̲סһڿˮѾ˼˼˼еĶ˿ζԼǰԵķ˶ζͬһԹߵĽǶȹ۲˼˼ܾãòǸܸɵŮӡ
ͻȻͷ˵㡣
Ʊյ䣬һꡣ
ͻȻ̧꣬һ̨еĲʵ硣
ָ˽ʵ̧װãҿɲģֻ̨ڲֿѾ˻ңҲǷţˡ
˼˼һҳûеոµӣ...
ɷҲ֮ǰǼǸվߣֺǺǵģƢ
˼˼ǳһ¾ʹӦˡ
˭ŶŷƷʵ
ʦŮ˼˼һ䡣
ɵСˣЩﲻдʲôѧʦŮ˳׵ļʲôġ
ôš˼˼һۣС˵˰ɡ
ƲƲ죬ŶŷƷҲԽĲ˳
Թ˼˼ָװһũƷʳ
˼˼һʳһǣ뿪ˡ
ǵıӰ˼˼ã뿪ҵľȷģǳڴһͥŤֿɰ
ڱĿ⣬ͷҲصĻ˻֡
...
˴꣬ʦ籨ӶŷƷƵѾ·ˡ
գ˼˼ܿԺ﷢
죬ҹڿˮ˷žͿŷƷһͷɢԺһ
ҹ˯˼˼ʵ
˯šŷƷƵ
ߣ˼˼ߵĵ
ŷƷҡҡͷˡ
ȥúõģ͵ܳˣ˸öż
ԭ˵ġŷƷͻȻ˵ԼЦˣǺһҾĶƽ˺ö࣬˺ܺãҲóԣֲ𺣸ϲ㣬ܶûзֻ֣Ҫһռ䣬һֱ߷ΧҴûм𺣸硣
ԺҲһ۶кӡ˼˼ѧ̧ͷǡ
ɡŷƷЦЦ
...
ڶ죬һССӶŷƷƵһʵ꣬˵ĶűŶŷƷƵһ˿ײᡣ
ŷƷƳ˼˼𺣻ӻ֣ǵøҼ
á˼˼ҲЦų˻֡

Ƽת۱ˣ˼˼˼ѾĳУ˼ѾΪﰲȫı־
ϷΪ̳еĵ곤ҲѾˣҲȥ飬ûѹԽԽƯ˵һʮ׷
淵Сеĵ곤һڿҿңԼµǮ˷ӣĸŮԽԽãԸƤͺϣһ߳š
˼˲٣ѾмԱˡ
˳ȫӾӪľΪ˼˼ҪұۣѾΪҶĽ޵Ķ
ʳƷ뿪³ΪǣרᣬڽԼӾӪȥˣҲѣϳ˵Ҫƴ˳ȫĻڻǺˡ
ڼ䣬֮ǰƷ¥ڱֽţ˼˼ʶƣͽ˾֡
˼껨ʱ˳иУɹյ˾дѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
˼˼ĲҵεļλԱҲתƵ˾С
׼ȥˡ






46.        ȥ֮ǰĥ

ȥ֮ǰ, ĥ˼˼ȥ˽֤ŸʺӡµĽ֤ʱ𺣺üЦݶûȥ
ھһ׷Ӱžдѧ, ȥа˾ƣǾͰȥ𺣵
á˼˼ҲЦݣѾʮ, ò֮ǰһͬ޶˵Ļ, ε˻ز
⼸Ҳ˶ʾã󷢵𺣸ˡ
̤Ͼлʱ, Ҳڱ˳ȴֻ
˶˺ܶ, ˼ΪһЩС±˲һ̣Ҳļ̱, һ̣ƲסĿ˳
, ؼҰɡļûж˵˲һͬ˼ҡ
ﾩѾǰ, ǵǶ¼󣬳¼ҺȥͬһҽԺҽ˻, ɩѾУصʱ򣬳¼Һڼ, 鲻
ǿˣԴӽ˻飬ͼӰ, һʵ̫ˡ·ϣ¼Թ
ûɼͥĶ󣿡˼˼Цŵ
ûУһ뵽Լᱻһ˹ܣҾͻܡ
ǻû鵽еȤס˼˼֡
ˣ֪ǸãҸǰҫ¼һۡ
һľͻ˳¼ҡ
ղٱȻؼ£ǰˡ
Ӹոսţղپվӭ˳ȥ˼˼Ȫˮղٿݹӣͬ˿ʮʮ꣬Ҷı仯ܾȣ֮Ǹˡ
ǰλˡղ˳Ŷ߶Ǻüʮˡ
Թ𺣾뿪ˣ֮ǰǲټˡ
ЩᣬϱողűģûȣҪֿ˸˼˼š
˿ĵطһѽ˼˼뻳ϱ᲻㡣  
˼˼סģû£а¾һˣʱ㲻ҶС
ôܣһӿ㶼塣𺣵Ȼȥǵ¼ңԹԵ㡣
˼˼סͷᣬͷá
ļգǷĻ̣ϲǵȵȡ
Ϊ֮ǰѾڳһξƣǱߵѾͲˡ
ڳģɫĳӣַǷѻһãѾеҲװһμӻڼ仹֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬˵Ѿˣңջл㱡
ûһ˿뽫ͳȥһǾͲˡ
֪˼˼Ҫ뿪죬۾ˣֱɷ֤ԺὫȥͣҲ˼˼дš
תۣǻ죬˼˼רŶƵķϼϻױüĿת䣬Ƿ顣
˼˼ղٺۿпҼ˼˼ˣת۶Ҫˡ
˼˼ӿ۾ҲԾˣţھУҲԶ㻹ס
˼һԿϤİĽ㣬۾Ҳˣ˼˼ס֣ɶġ
˵꣬Լȴ
ϱȥμӻ磬ű˽޵ĲԼʱЩ޷⣬Լˣᵽ̵С
ˣϲӣҶ˵㣬Ӧÿˣǳȥɡ۽ǵˮһԴԲ
𺣽մһװϵźﻹһʻ
˼˼һ̣۵ľޡ
æ鳵ǰݷɣǴŶģһÿɰŮӣӺǺ棬ͣͷ
ãҪǾú棬ǽʱоݷɵ
Ůһ죬һۣǹԹˡ
ʻǵ¼ңһŶԺӣԺ˺ܶʻ˼˼ϲòõġ
Ĵϲ֣ŨŨϲա
ΪûиĸղٺͶʦ˸õλãСھĲ衣
𺣣ҿɾͽ˼˼ˣϣԺҪ۸ղٵ
İɣš𺣼ᶨĵ
ھеĴƵ궨λãϹȥʱѾ˲١
ôôŷƷߵ˼˼ǰվɷҲ֮ǰ꣬ǰģ˼˼𺣻ȥμ˻磬ʱãŮڻҵԼҸ
ѾԼˣߣһҸ
һһֱϣͲɢȥ
͵·¼ҵҲ뿪ˣ˼ꡣ
˼죬ҽԺż٣һҲ̫ˡ¼˵
˼ҲӦ˼˼뿪֪ǹ硣
ڣӾֻʣ˼˼ˡ
˼˼ϴص䣬һ˺ֱ
ϱ۵ݣֻͷһѻյȥϴ衣
ϴһս˼˼ѾɵˣԼڱֻ¶һͷ˿
ƿһ࣬Ǽ˼˼ϵζ̽Ե˹ȥϸļ
΢΢Ϩ˵ơ
һҹߡ
ڶգ˼˼ѵ˯һʱϻЩͷһֻ֣ϻһֻܵưһ
ĽƿȻʹ·
ոϴãʹӾ￴𺣣Ц⣬ǰӵס
簡ϱɳơ
硣˼˼ЦŻһ䡣
緹˼˼ɰһһ롣
򵥵緹Ϊ֮۵ķΧƺøóԡ
죬˶ճһ𣬼ǲһ߶ȹġ
˼˼Լ۵ĸ
죬˴ŴСȥ˳¼ң˳˼ؼҡ
¼˼꼸˾еĴСкóԺģ塣
ŵСܵ˴Ŀ˴һ죬Ž˼˼ңղŸһЩռ䣬ûмŹȥϱ˺ӣ˵һ̥ۣﻹЩĵġ
˼գ˼˼յ˳¼ϢɫĵüĿ˼һͬȥ
Ϊ𺣵Ĺ˾ոչһʱ䣬黹ܶ࣬Ҳȥæˡ
λúܲٸƽԭ棬Դмͨ
˼˼⣬ͷ̸̸ͳǮˡ
ͻȫԶˣֱӽﴫ͹Ϊ˲˻ɣÿһʱ䣬ȫԶҪʧһʱ䣬һһ˾У˼˼һֿ⣬㴢
˼˼ȫԶķ֪һȤ£Ը󹴴СѸƺֱˣصԸ󸴺޹˿ʵͽȫԶҪ˼ﵣεְλͣȻҲߣ˿ģʹһҲνˡ
ǣСѸʼĽӴȫԶϧ׸ϹӿȫԶȫûнյϢ½˳ȥ
ºȫԶڴˡ




47.  ³пҵ        ˼˼˵

˼˼˵ºЦá
, 𺣿һɫС˼˷ܵΧų˺üȦ˵ǰҲС, ԼҵģûôǿҵĹС
ģ˼˼ʵ
ݷģ, иҪһЩʡ²ʱ䡣𺣵
, ͦõġ˼˼ЦЦ
ֹ˼գʱ, ˼˼Ҫ׼ȥдѧ
˼˼һͬȥүүҲһھдѧš
˼޵ϵ, ǹүүνڣи, ˼˼ҲҪһЩϾ˼ҪСһЩ
дѧŴС, иӴָǳꡣ
үүȥ񴦱˷, ִҵᣬ뿪ˡ
˼ֵ¥, 202ҲԶһ˼˼ͦġ
ĸӴ, мһЩ¾ɵĳ
ʱѾˣһ۾꣬Щ, ҲûмæԼæһһ԰ʰ衣
Һã˼Ľ㣬Ժ˼껹дҶչˡ˼˼˵꣬˷˼ƷСʳ
㿴Сʮ𣿡ʵ
ʮˡ˼ЦЦ
ҶʮˣԺ㣡
кӵ׾ͽ˼˼˼꽫Ʒ˼ѾԼ̺˴˽õĹϵ
˼С״ԪĳɼģȻܵ˲ٹע
½˼ˣͦദ˼˼΢
˼ŪƷȥʳóԷʳ÷˷۸ˣζҲ
ٺ˼꣬˼˼һͷߵģԼͻȻһ뿪ˣ
صң˼տյķ䣬ʧ˺þãǰոմʱ˼껹һССкء
ܲܿһӵģ᳤󣬽ӣҪѧ֡𺣵ο
˼˼ͷףֻʧ䡣
ڶգ𺣰װ޹˾Ϳʼˡ
˼˼עתƣҲûʱѹֿʼæµ
װޣҲҪæˣϾôһ棬һҲ
Ƹȥˡ
ƺǽġ
ҵҪܼ򵥣ֽƷжһٿǮһͣס˼˼
ӣ㿴ңϼҸɻһѺ֣һùͶأ˾УţҶгˣ㿴Һʲʱϰࡣеһɤźܴ˵ֱˬ
˼˼ĵһӡ󲻴ϣʾһڡ
ҼҲλ㣬ӵųԷأ͵ҷݹãϰ壬һʣ緹ܴܲԣҼҺСԲ˶٣ҪǼû˴ǶڼҲġڶλǵһ
ֿھҵˣ˼˼ĺøж轵ǰϷôѣҲûǰһ䣬Ǻҽиġ
㣬Ҫ֪һģﺢû˿զ˼˼ʵ
ﲻæʱҿԻȥһҼҺܽģȻҲԴźӹֱ׳ĵ
˼˼㱻Цˣ㣬ȻȥԼﺢӵٳȥҹɣСɡ
˼˼һ뿪Ķ
Ӵôһ̣զô٣ֳԲ˶ٶǡ˼״￪ʼ֡
Ϊ𣿺Ҳ죬Ҳԣզôأһ˿ȥˣ
ǣҹҾȼãһҲŰ۵
ŭĶӡ
ӣɱʶǾſͬˣǰҲҹ˿꣬Լ͵͵ļһ̯Լ׬죬ϰ巢ֻŲߣϰԼ̯λϵ̶ſߣϰҲǲ鷳ֻܻǮ񣬶ңﺢӿɷˣϰǹŶ⣬ܺӱϣһ͸һƿϰң˵Լôô˻ǿƳһ¹ʿɲ͡
Ҳ˵ԭˡ
ûոҲ˵
ллѡ˼˼ͷǸ·һûУӻǵȷģ˵ѣҲš
󣬳뿪λˣλ˼˼Ĺ۲¶¼ȡˣȵװʽ빤
һºµװ޺ã˼еƣʽҵˡ
ҵ˼˼˻Ͼ˶ãӪҲõλ
Ϊ۸Ƚϱˣ˺ܶ࣬λҲæµ״̬տʼһЩæңľ͵Ӧˡ
æҲæǮװһ԰ģ˼˼Լɶˡ
һæ춼ˣʱϻ˲࣬˼˼Թ˵Żؼҡ
ոմũջţ⣬һţ⣬ŹһһЩȪˮ
˴´ࡣ
Ա㣬ֽ˹յңһ˶
˼˼Ѿ۵ָ̧ˣ𺣣ӣһε뷨˼˼ϽģҲٶȥϴ裬ֻص䣬§ϱ硣
ڶգ𺣽͵̣ȥ˹˾
һ죬ɲ٣дľŶӣΪÿӦ߲ˡ
ʵڵ߲ȫã˼˼ɲȡʵ֤Ӫá
ӣҵĲ˶զֵģôǺƽʱԵĲһأСײִֿɿڣһζûС
ǰмҶϱأԼ˲ٳԣȥһΣأһ컹ԵĺˣӲ̺ȡ
Ҳ㣬ͨ⡣
˼˼һţſڵĴǾͿʼ졣
ԼֲֳģʳҲԼĳģԵ÷ġ˼˼ЦŴ
Сᣬ˲ˣжˣ
ҶǸҲڳﵱɲø߸ߴģСҪȻǽʶʶ
һ飬˼˼ЦãҪͿ˽
еԣҸ˸࣬һǵóԵ㡣𺣵ᡣ
á˼˼ЦеĵϱӸòȵ˰ɡ
뿪󣬴Ƿ׷״չԣ˭
Сﲻ
Ұˡ˼˼
֪Լ˸׷ףء
˼˼Цһһˡ
ûµʱղٺͳ¼Һӵʱ䵽棬Ϊһ̥Ĳȣʱ˳٣ڼ£̫̫
˼˼ԶԶľͳ˼˼˻֡
ţý㣬ȥúȵġ
кһСİ칫ңΪúžڰ칫̷ۡ
̷۳ݺúŨһҲ˼˼ù̷ۣôҲȲ壬Ũ
ýզˣ𣿡˼˼Ŀƽ̹Ķӣ񲻵һС
컹ãûô£ҸоֻгĶҲųԵ£ĳܾһζü
ָͣʲô࣬ͳԵࡣ
ҿɾͲˡ
˼˼أɶӦûղͻȻʵ
Ŷðţ￴ó˼˼ˡ






48.     ϱˣ̣ͱ𡭡

ϱ, ̣ͱˡһЦŽΧ
ղ˼˼֣˺ӣŻܰ, 軹ڣ϶ܸˡ
Ҫ˸, ˼˼ϽѻתƵĵط
˾ҲղٵһλҪĿѧز, оɹƽǻķչ쵼ǳ, ҲмҽѧĴΪΣֻһλҽʥó˷, Ǽ뷽ҩģѧҾܶü, ֻⷽҩ̫Ѱˣ˾, 壬ɽܣҲûи
˼˼Լֿһҩġ
, ʲôҩģ
ϵ˲Σϵ֥, Ҫѩɽϵѩͷȥôߵ, ҲҺ⹫սѴϣһýɡղٵ
ѩҲأǰкüѩӡ
ֻҪóҸʲôأ
, ˰˲κ֥𣿡һᣬ˼˼ڣղٺá
ӵϢĳ¼һ·ܹģϻź顣
˼˼˵˲κ֥
˼˼ͷǣ˾ˣҲ֪ҵȥɽϴԣȥǰþʹЩȥҩĵʹͦߵģҺúţԺӹȥóǮ˼˼һڡ
¹ػδΪһӣȻҲҪġ
˼˼ļ򣺡ãη
һ쵼˵Ĺ͵ġ
ˣ˾ˣ˵óģ˵ڱĵطյģֻ밲⣬עĿ˼˼
룺ҲãͲˡ
˼˼ǿľˮٿղݹ֪ŮܣʣҲ̽ѰΪŮľˣΪŮÿԼܼķΧﶼְæֵ𾴡
úװõҩľ뿪ˡ
˼˼Ǽҵĸǡղٸ̾
ҩĽȥӾʹˣѧҲõƵľΡ
죬һŽһԿ˼˼
˼˼Ǵ쵼ģһǮһĺԺû˭ṩҩģֻ˵һԸ͸¶ʵϢĺˣĺԺҰȡģԭǮҪһЩϴβ˵ĺԺĺԺ˵ǴǰĴԺӣʱ˵ӱģһ죬Ȼױ¶
ֱ֮ϲ˼˼ȷһֱϲĺԺǰȥ棬ϲȥЩ͸ʷۼĺԺֻʱĺԺѾߴＸǧڣһֻܿһ񫡣
û뵽ȻӵһԼĺԺ
лл˾ˣ˼˼˵ĵ
ɶ㲻֪ҩĶ˵޼֮ԻĹһĺԺԵ֪Լ͵ĿˣҲܸˡ
ڶ죬˼˼ûпţ𺣾ȥԼոӵеĺԺ
վɫĴǰ˼˼ֶЩ
߽ţȿľڵõӰڣƺ޵ĸһŨʷϢһשһ߶߷顣
Ŵŵģǵ߾һţϿл䣬ǳȣ봹ӣ߾᷿ľмԺ仹ľݣΪʱû˴Ѿήˡ
໹ƫСĶ
һԺӣԺֽԺһַԺлмɽˮֻˮѾɺˡ
Ժӣ˼˼˷ˣϱӿһĺԺҪãֻҪһ£ͻƯ
ȹһʱͰװԺʱ͹סһʱ䡣˼˼ΨһȱĵԶ
áЦŵи̾ϱҲ̫ܸˣҪŬˡ
ת£õһ̥ѾˣҲ˼ٻҽԺϰˡ
е˼죬˼Ҳ˸
֪ʲôԭ˼˼ǾƣԶҲԲ£ζһĶġ
𺣺ܵģûȥ˾ڵ
ϰ壬ˡʱһ˹
վˣɵζ˱Ƕ˼˼һûס嵽칫ҵĲ
զˣǸͣһĻȵʵ
֪Բ˯ã¡𺣵ĵһ߽һ￴
òỳ˰ɣǻһҼϴʱҲ
𺣴󾪣Ƶ㻳ллˣ㣬һˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˲ϱģ˲
˼˼ո꣬űڡ
ϱȥҽԺһ¡𺣽ı˳˳
˵ûôҲȥ˼˼ܾȣͺˡ
֢״пǻˡĵ
˼˼󾪣ûⷽ
˰еԱֱ꣬ӾҽԺȥˡ
ֱҵãһӼš
ӸƳʱ˼˼Щ㱣ԼﾹȻѾһһµı
𺣷ĸ첲ӵС
¥ʱӽţﲻͣ߶ϱСĵ㣬ע¥ݡ
ôš˼˼ε˱ԼҪţǻУֲǶϸ첲ȡ
ޣ˵Ŀ
˼˼ԼĽһӾͻ˲٣һЦ˳
ȥ𺣷£ϵһ̺ӡ
£һţְ̣ѵӴ򿪡
ϱȥ㰾ҽ˵ˣҪԵӪġ˵ȥ
뿪ʱЩӲֽţһƬ
ϣڴϣ𺣵˼˼Сϣƽ̹ﾹȻǵĺӣЩɬֶһǣҡ
ڶ죬ղһ͸˹ŴСͳ¼ҵıķ
óԣҾʹˣģԺչ㡣ղٺܸˡ
˾˾ô죿ýأ˼˼ЩεЦŵ
ﻹһ裬ҲóԣǣŲģšղٵ
ղݹˣҲһϾôչиҲҪһЩ
ղ˵˺ܶ໳еעűʺͱһļ˼˼״ɵЦ
ҲӪƷ˼˼Ҳף˼˼͵͵ѯʽĸܣ˶ڽҧ䣬ʱʱʱʱա
ĺóԣټũʳȪˮļӳ֣˼˼¶ˡ
ɫԽԽ󣬲֪˺ü
أӣҪֺüʮ˺Ӿˣġղٰο
ǣϱŵģһҲÿŴʲôǺõġ
˼˼ֻԼϵ̾Ȼι֡
лվ߳һſֵˣﻹһֽ˿ֽǰȥܿ죬˺֮С






49.  ˫̥     ڵ£˼˼С

ڵ, ˼˼Ҳʧˣɶ㡣
ҲҪȥҽԺˣһͬȥ
Ѫ, B𺣿BϺڰ׵һСţĲ˼顣
Ӵ, ⻹˫̥ءҽȻ
˫̥˼˼۾һϱӿ˫̥رɰ
ʱǲǱһ̥ΣһЩüʵ
ȻǶһΣ, ڿɲȴǰٸ, ʱɲڼһҪҽԺҽ, ֮ǰһиҲǻ˫̥, ҽԺ˵ҪǮ, ԼڼѪˣҲΪڶһ, һҲûá
ҽ˵ʱ꣬ŵˣ, ǿ϶ҽԺ
뿪ҽԺ𺣵ɫһֱǺܺÿʱһࡣ
զˣ˼˼һͷˮ
ϱ, ҴˣҲӵģҲ֪ȻôΣ, Ҫʱʲô⣬ҡһΡ
ôֻ࣬Ǹģһٸָһ彡أʱȥҽԺûµġ˼˼ο
ǿЦЦһĳơ
ղ֪˫̥󣬺ܸˣ֮ҲЩġ
֮𺣽˾ʱ˰ݷɰæÿڼ˼˼ҹʱѣʱһĶ˯š
˰£ԵˣһȦȦԣĺѪ˿Ҳɼ
˼˼ã˲ǰ֢
Ρ
죬һ
˯ǰ𺣸һţ̣Ȼڻź˯
һ¡˼˼࣬ʵҲЩţ֪ˣ᲻֣ȻԶ
˵
סҵ֣Ȼ۾ϡ
ı۾
˼˼һȻũС
ˣˡ˼˼
ۣ۵ƣ̲ݺ컨סˡ
ݵϵֲӭҡҷϵˮѹ֦ͷĴܣһжģ
ҵܣũĶڷöкôһһȪٲǿ壬ΪվԣĲõһʲô¡˼˼һ˵˳
˼˼Щ֪𺣻ʲôӦ
˼ţԼֱůĴסҺܸˣԸܷң˵ҵ𣿡
еϲã˼˼һʯͷأ㲻֣
ʲôϱҾ㲻֣Ů𺣽뻳
˼˼ũһȦȥѾСˣũѾʮ༶ˡ
ˣӭؼңѾΪڵʵ¶ȣҲ˵̺ţѾݺḁ̃Ҳڵģʽ⣬ܽŶСһԲͷԲԵĻ˵齱ܼҾӻˣȫܼܵңʲôܸɣýչҲ΢ֳܷһһķ̫ǰˣ˼˼ʵҲŪһ
һжִװΣ𺣻һʱŽЩ߿Ƽļҵ磬ʮӢĲɫʱˣɼ񣬻ʶǺûĽĿ
˼˼ԼĲֿ⣺㿴Щҩﻹһѡ
ʵϯ˼ʱ𺣻ЩʵסԼϱ֡
˼˼סܰгڿʪȺʣ֪𺣾˯˹ȥ
۵׵ڣ˼˼ԼڸܣһԼںˣʲôԥġ
˼˼˯գԼҲ˯ˡ
˼˼ʱʱѾǵڶˣѾˣվҵش⿴
ڻ𣿡˼˼
öˣֶΣҺܸˡԵĵ
𺣼ʱЩӲ˼˼ܲӵĹЦ
ũʱո𺣾˺ܶ࣬ٲҹҹ˯š
״̬𽥻ָҶһ
תۣˣ˼˼ĶӿѾͨи´ˣһθ̥ܵʱϲ
˼˼ÿȥ
ţ˼˼һüתͷ˿ûʲô쳣
ôˣ˼˼ղֵʵ
û£ţԼоˡ˼˼ҡҡͷԼЩˡ
Ϸ籨˸Сӣ߽ҽԺҽˣôĺӳϤҫ
˼˼ɵЦˣСʱɿɰˣ˲پеزеʳ̷۹ȥëС֯˼С·Ҳһ˹ȥ
˼˼µʱҲˣסҽԺһϣһװֵĹŮ
һȵĳ¼ҺӱŹŮֵĺϲ£졣
ŮãŮȳСӿɰˡ̣Ҳ˵ĺܣӼò
ղٱСס̵̫һָղЦϵӶչ
˼˼ͦŴվһߣŰװССһţĲ˼飬ıʱ˵Ķӡ
ںͽк𣿡
Сֵһţ˼˼Ӵһ𺣴յ˼˼ǰɲ裬ְҪƨɵġ
Сˣ𺣺˼˼һۣЦ˳
¼ҺӸȡ飬ԢǼҵ飬ԤԺӻᱻС
߸ʱĶѾˣ𺣿ŶþĶǣ˱Ҫ£һ㶼뿪벽
úѾúܴˣûСʱȣݣվһ˸ߣ˼˼Աߵ˶ҿ
죬𺣹˾м£ղҲΪһЩ»˳¼ңɷżڼҵ˼
ڸɢɢһ죬һš
ѧУզӦ𣿡˼˼ʵ
ͦõģͬѧʦܺദ˼ҲдţżҪ档
ֵĳɼãʹ˼ϰҲֻܿеһרѧУһֱûжϵ
ͦõģ£ס¡
š
ʱ˶ûпһӰȥ
ߵսǴ˼˼ͻȻһëס죬ëҩ˼˼ֻԼԴԽԽΣƲסĵ˵ϣ֮ǰʶĻסԼĶӡ
ߵ˼걻һѹסû취Ϲ
㣡ߴ˻ߵĺϧ˼˼Ѿ˻ԡ
˲֪ãԺۣΧһƬڰʶӣԼֱţҩ֪ôˡ
ƺܵĸ׵ĽӶ˶˼˼ķһ롣
챻һëֻܶӵӣŪ뿴˼ڲڸ
㣿ȻһԱߴ
˼˼ЩżŵѪζ֪ǰ˼ôˡ




50.  Ӫ          ˣʱ

ˣʱ, ֨ѽһ򿪣Ҳ˼˼ʶ˱ۡ
˼ȻԶĵط, ϻѪ
˼˼˼꺰
ǰ߹õϵë˴ñӺͿ֣˼˼ϲ˭
˼ôˣ˼ꣿ˼ꣿ˼˼ĺ
Ǻ, ûôҪ, Ҿõ취Թ
㣬, û¡˼¶һοЦݡ
˼˼ģ۾ˡ
㵽˭ʲôĿģ
Ǻ, 㻹ǹ˶°˵ŽñӺͿȡһֻ۾Ϲ, һ̴۾бݶһЩ
һЩϤ, ˼˼˺ܾò
ǿǼǿеϰǿ
ǺǣΪ㿴ǿɫ, ҵ۾ŪϹŸ, Ҳգʲôûˡ
ҵĶԹҵܵܣ
֪ˣôû飿ǿЦһ, ҿǵ˺þãŵȵᣬһȥţÿ𣿡
˼˼ת, ֻҪҵᣬܴ˼㵽ũǿȥʱܳûܳȥ
Ҳܳȥ뾩ԶأͦŸӣܲԶġǿ
˼˼üиܳȥžͺˣɢûдúһľ
ȵȣţԺһ
㵽ҪʲôҪǮҿ˸˼˼򶨵ĵ
Ҫ˵ʹĺӿʼôǿ֪һѵ˼˼Ķϡ
˼˼Ƕð˺ˮǿҪô¶ũҪԼĺӡ
ʱǿĽűץסͷһ˼ꡣ
˺ҽ㡣˼˵Ѿ
ǿЦһһŲȵϣ죬˼귢ʹƺߣϸӵ˷ˡ
ſ˼˼żĴš
磬һ¡ʱſ˽ǿջصȥ
뿪˼˼˼ץסĬũһ룬˾ͽũ
˼˼˴Ӷͽũ˼ָһ󣬾Ͱ⿪ӡ
⿪Ӷȫ˼˼ϽιʳȪˮȪˮιһ룬˼Ļָ˼˼һԼҲϽһȪˮ
ΪֱãȪˮЧܺãϢһᣬ˼Ҳָˡ
ʱ洫˶
mdأǿܻ
֪ոҲû˳ȥôߵģһİɻʵ
ȫ֣ܲԶͷ׷
ʧˣ˼˼˼ũֻص˷ĲֿС
˼˼ųϰһţǵ𺣵ϢɣŽȻǡ
һȻ˳ȥʧ˼˼˼ֻũ
ԭûܣַ֣ˣﲻ죬ܳȥ·ǿͬ飬Ǿֻ·һĶôܳȥҲ׸ȴԮ
صũ˼˼ȥСŪһԵģ˼һ˳һ㣬ʳĵĶ˶
˼˼ӡ
˼꣬ϻ𣿡˼˼ʵ
˼ҡҡͷˣ㣬һ̫ˣû취㡣
ģ˼˼ҡҡͷûУˣ㱧סǿȣ˺ıˣлл㣬˼ꡣ
˼ͷۿЩȡ
ũһᣬִ˶
զ죿磬ȥһиء
զ֪ǿܻһߵһԵֽ䡣
ܰɣһܳȥǿɾˡ
ٳȥңǿɲġ
ŲԶˡ
ʱԶھеƿĴš
ţǱϢ𣿡
ղ۾ЩףҡҡͷûС
𺣷ץһͷЩǷϵڵϣǻȥģôҸȥңѾһˣǻ᲻Ѿ
𺣵ͷһһεĵڵϡ
ô룬˼˼˼һἪġղһʡ
ûܷϣ˼˼һڵҡվ˼ȥѾһҹû˯ˡ
ո߳ţһֻģĶֱֱĳ˹ʶֽס
ǰĶϲǷ
ˡʾȡԼϵֽæȡֽ˼˼˵ںܰȫһεĵط𺣱Ȼŷȥǡ
˼˼˵ĺܺһӾǶũʱޱȸлũ
ķһ룬ղ˵֮ȥ˾֡
ʱ춼ЩȣǸһֻߣ
ⲻͨҰԼģܴܸ˵ζҹ𺣽ֽøǿˣ˾
Ϊ˯Ĺϵ˼˼Ѿũ˯һˣ˼ڰջ֡
ǻ𣿡˼˼ʵ
һѾˣǿңһΣˡ
˼˼üִš
ʱоѵһϤͨȴ˽
ϱ˼꣡
˼˼֪ǿԳˣǺ˼˸Ͻũ
ƿֿţͿԼϱŴӺ˼ߣ϶ģûġ
𺣸硣һֱܼǿ˼˼ڿ𺣵һ̣̲סЩԵĺº͵һȫӿ˳
𺣿첽ǰӵס˼˼ûˣˡ
˼˼ֿ߳ʱͿǿѺ˾תͷһۣƺЩ޷ܣô㵽׶ģܣ
ʲôϳԱߵľ캰һ䡣
ǿƵҲ֪˼˼ôƤߵġ
ǵĿУ˼˼֪Ѿ뾩мСʱĳУ÷æûмصôҲҲ
һ·ϣľԷܺ棬ѯ˼˼ôιôĳ˼˼˹ȥ
صУѾˣֱӴȥҽԺҽԺղ٣򸾺綼ɳ¼ͳ¼ҺӰæ˼˼˼һȫ顣
ղٿ˼˼˼ʱһӾͿ˳ӴҵıӴǿˣи̣ô죿
š˼˼˼һһҵղٵ֣ο
ʾһҲ
Ҷһ
ģǳˡ΢
ҽԺͳǸȻ˼˼˼꣬𺣺ղٲŻ˼ҡ
һ·ϣ𺣵߶˼˼ϣʧõϲ¡
ץǿʱﻹŵ˼˼ϡ
𺣱˱ۣӲݷͷһȥǮ˳Ϊ˼˼ĸŮ
תۣһ£˼˼˫̥ǰסҽԺ






51. []      ʱ˼˼ĶѾ󡭡

ʱ˼˼ĶѾľ, һԿŶľս
סҽԺĵϣʹʼˣδʹ, ʹ亹
һԼ۶ˣʲôˣֻżιһЩȪˮ, סָ
ʹ賿˼˼űƽ˲, ԭҪŽȥҽԺ, ֻܽȴ
ղһֱ𣬳ҲһԵȴj
ϣ, һҪ˼˼ĸƽ
ֻΧһƬ磬ߵ˵ʲô̫, ۾Ųʺļ֣˼˼Ľ͸Ŵ˳, ˫ȭգͻȻվߵű, ȥסˡ
, ûµģŮӶһ⡣ҲȰ
𺣱˱ۣԺȫ֮ǰҽ˵Ļ, Ȼ֪˼˼Ȫ̲סġ
ϲ̥, һʱʿ˳
𺣴ʱû˼ӣǰϱôˣ
˾񻹲ڷ룬һƳˡʿ򵥽ת˲
ӴӳáЦŵ
㿴֪Ǿ˹أڶЦ¶Цݡ
ղҲӹһӣֻһۣۿͺˣõ۾ϣ
ֵһᣬ˼˼˳ϵͷѾˮʪˣ񻹲ΪȪˮĹϵûôڣܿˡ
𺣽ס֣ˣϱԺҲˡ
ࡣ˼˼ҡҡͷ
˼˼סĵ˲ӾͷӤ۾硣
СС˶˼˼Ĳ˼飬ӽԺӾͺǽ
ķӼ嵭˹˼˼һ룬Ÿι̣ˮûһͱȳˣһٺĸ˶˯һ
ٴ˼ѾѧУˣΧӤԼСŮ
ҽԺס죬˼˼ͳԺˣ𺣸ȡ֣ʣý硣
ڼһµĲɵˣ˼˼ϴһ裬оϵ๸һ
¾ھеĴƵģص˺ܶ࣬һá
˼˼Ǹп֪Լİʱ˸齨˼ͥԼĺӣǰһֱԹߵݶԴ磬İԼڽ
һһĳתۣˡ
еһĺԺ۵СӴӴ˳תﺰְ֣
ˡһ˴˳Ȼ𺣣üۼǰ˼ֳµĳ
ôôõȼˡ죬һĲˡ
ãǰְֵĴ߰ɡһѱ磬ȥ
̫ţܵոձ͹ղߡ
ԡղͷְһЩɺܺá
̫šʵԸҪһЩģСͷ̲ס
쿪ʼˣ߰ɡ˿ϵıԼ˵
ǿһͬȥ˾еĴá
һ˸ϵʱ佱ոտʼ
ǸĽǰǻҵңҲǰΪҩĺʳˣ˼˼Ůʿ
һװɫƯŮ˳
̨һƬСֻĵƶˣ̨ͣͣϵˣôˣɿƲסԼ
˼˼ŮʿѾҲ˺üԼӵũ˵ǻɹŮҵңɷҲǻ乫˾ˣ飬ǷҲΪǧҩĺʣΪ˾޴ĹףҴҶǱʾϵĸл˵
˼˼ӹ¶һ΢ЦһֱԼҪǣһˣܼ£ܰңҵҡ
̨׶
ʱ뾩ǺԶĳ壬լڱ˼ҿӣΪ˼˼ĳ﹤·ӣ˵ӡ
˼˼⺢Ưǻ˵һгϢ
ɲǣ㿴ǴĳӰĶãᵽȥˣ˼ֱʳƷ
˵ʲôУ˼ʮÿǵ׬Ǯ
ҶӴһȥ﹤ڶǸСɲˣһ¿һǧˣÿڻöණԶԲꡣ  
ǰûˡ
˵Ŀⶼ޵ϣɵ˼˼һ㣬Ҳڻڴġ
˼˼ǵ㷼ʹ峤ң˴ӣĲʵɶģӦоУ³˼ڳһ׷ӣǴ︻е˼ˡ
ϵƳǳ˾ֳˣһ˵õȮ졣
ٿңϴһΪĲǷ˲ծͰȥծˣɻ޸볯ԶİټҴĹѷҲûл˻飬ϣ鲻УСȴѧҲ˸죬ҪǮ첻ӰƢ꣬ʱʱȭߣϻڲϴ棬ȥҹԼŮϧʱѾȥ˾С
һֱûȢ˸ӵĳĬԣŵʳǮԺȣҲûʣࡣ
ûע⵽ΧĿŵ˼˼·ˣͺˣϧҲˡ
ŲѣһȺͲѵȺ߳С·Ļ˼ңֻһͷڵ
˼˼Žһʻ͵ݵǰ
ϲ㣬⡣  ʻ̽ͷ
˵Ҳˣ˼˼ûзӳۣ뷽跨ĵطһ׷ӣ˾棬ϵҲԽԽãǰĸҶʧ
лл˼˼ʻ¶һЦݡ
𺣴ǰҲʻ
裬ĵԼ衣
裬ԺҲһΪһõˡһ̲࣬סֺС
ϱ𺣽еõݸ˼˼Ե
˵ǽˣզôճճģܲˡ²۵
˼Ҳ˵ϱ˰ɣǱиƯҲǴѧܽܣ
˰ɣҶټԴӱҵˣͽоڵоƺܻܣѾûعˣԺ˵ɣ˼ҹ˼˼
һ˵Żһ뿪á
ղҲӻس¼ң·ֻ˼˼һĿڡ
߰ɣҲؼҡ
ãؼҡ
˼˼һһǣӣŽֵ߻ؼҡ
ʱģ΢ḧǺʱ⡣



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