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лϲ˱㲻Ҫҡ
ϣҲġ
л֪Ȣǿ˽ͷа¹⡣Ļ⽫ϴ޳һԸԳǶϡ
ɶϴʱ𾪵ط֣Ѱδ˾ǰ
׷޻ü
ʧл¶ɰΪһϲҰɣ
˳᣺ԣ޵
ӴڶʮТ÷·Զ
ۺɷˣֱĳлȻһУ鷿
С糡
лϲصġˡ¹⻭ЩΣϣӣ
ѹôϲ
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лϣˣ
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1 
ԪʹĺǽשȻһ㾲׵İס̻Ի͵Ĺׯ£˿Ҳ罭Сǰˡ
Ǹü죬̵ʧ⾳ᱡװ㴩˺ʵĶ¡
һλӢŮӣŵĺڰѩڰڵʯ轣
Ӱһһʽ䣬ʧ׼ȣ˪Ķ硣
һԾվżŮڲסͣ˭ҲûǰţȻԶһλ̫࣬ǻʵߵ̫Сӡ
Сӷعصūߵʺ
ʺлһ׽㱻ϣֽӹŮϵøɾʩĶͷϵı۲ˮ𣬿ǻкηԸ
Сڶձɰɫˮﲡˣү¹һʱ鲻ūʮ壬үһͬţȡ
ԭǱ£лͷʹɬȴأţް¶ֻС΢΢׵ͷôлһݲǮ
üüۼ価ǵȻƽùպñĲ߽
鲽æϣԼƽӣ߬ż
Ǳ߶Ȼġѵ
粻ģƫƫڻԼʱˣʲô˼̫ˣĲǿ
лڽ˿ľĵ񻨰ϻ£ˣ汾ȥ̲ⷿҩ͹ȥ
޲ڻʺǰţǼôǲżҲأջϾ¹պòҪˣѵҪס
ҪҲȥ¹飬¹ϣû׼ܰѻ
лԴ޶ãź촽ԳһЦֲ̫ҽȥ˰ۣ
ɫһ䣬۵ؿŻʺ
лᴺתڵȥһ߻źԡһ߽⿪խ¶ϸĲһСƬļ
ӣ˶ԼһŮ˿ƲסĶΪʲôǲܳأ
˵彫лҵСŮʵΪʺǣԭڣôڻϴֿɼĵط˳ӣѵûһ
Ҳʵ벻ףŶõļ;գ費׾ٵƫƫǼһº⣬Ƥʹϡ
лһֱĬĬ̾ⱲӶ֪ˡ
İɫˮ䣬лͷ῿ڼʵԡͰԵȵˮɢһĺƣ
ֻĺۣСôῴʲôأ
ֻ¹ʵûʲôģҲ߲еˡ
Ϊϵͷиŵİ¹ⰡǹκһŮˣ˭޷ƵĴڡ
ԶȻԹֻԹĲűˣƫǿȢ빬Ϊޡ
׶ѾǻǰϽˣûзŹŹлҡ
ԭÿÿһʮ嶼ޣֻǺ¶ߵϴδˬԼֺΪʺ档׽ʱ䣬˵Ҳ֮¡
ƶµĹضҪƣһĬлǲЦһЦԼ档
ѹҪˮ˼ԼʲôϾҲλ¹ŮӣҲ࿴Լһۡ
ȵˮÿһ𪽿۵ļŹŮãӺͷ˿񶹰Ľֺĸɸɾ
ԡ౻ͿĨڼлϵŵİٺϻ㣬Ǵνζ
жʹѣЦ޾
ٶ˼ҲοԼˡ
˿̣һڵ׵ȻͨʲôüĿ֮ɫɢӰ٣ޱȡܲܳ裬ûпɰĺˣֻĸƽƽǣ޹ҡ
ڶϲϡˣ
ϻµķۣһȫͬл޴̾ں۵ķȹϣ׺ŽĿ߶ҲֻСĽŴصĵӯӯһա
ɨü㴽ʩ۱ʤ̬ѹĵĵɫ㣬лϷġںھţЦϲ簮Լ
ǹʵ۵ĴϹ
ױ̨ǰСϻӣлóһֲͨͨڵİ塣пɣȻղ̫࣬ʲô֮ȴ籦ղؽꡣ
ǵϻδǻʱڸ׵ľӪʱʧ壬һֱûҵʵǱˡ
ֵ֪Լл⻳ҲǻúöɬŮҲһȣС¹ײֱһˡ
ֻǣվǴˡ
ѵһ屻ڵϣлɿ첻ѣԸȥ
Ϲİ壬ﲻ֪롣ж䰮֪ģÿÿʱ͵͵óһЦŰ棬ȻСջϻá
ôͻȻ벻˵ͶˣԺòڰɡ
ȥ
лŵϵĴ͵شߴٵٲˡ
ͷӦǣȥӡ¹ŷ£ȥ
˳Ҫڵģȷŵⷿѹ׶ȥɣҲ֪
пΪģ
ͷ̵ĺܣҹʱ
лҪһ˳ſζȴķˣȴ̫ĸߺ⣬ϲ
ֱͦķۣڹŮߵſڹӭӡ
еؿ첽߽Ũܵ۽ճİѩīɫЦⲻӰˡ
лӵϲüŭţô䣬ʺôڵڿŻޣ
еĮȴͷɬɫתһˣ̫ˡ
㰡ʵЦعĽαǼִ˶ֽ˴
Ȼǰ֪ܲ˻Ǹꡣл£Ϊˡ
еסˣлڵϣʺҲҪԼ
ȻƳһԾĹŮ̫ǣȥɣ
󵨵ػͷ۽ߵϲϲ¡ûסϣģ
ټֻʣµۺˣлʵŤϷس顣ϱ˳˷ſ
˶û˸ոյУڸԵľϾš
һֿգڴɤӣʺ⣬عޡ
лҲǵһŶϷݶۺˣ˹ԷǾƹƴİˡϲйȥĲˣ㲻Ū
ӿɺЩˣлʵʾʺɵĹػ
ϲ⣬һֱСϣûʲôϡġ
ӦһԹԳԵ㣬ΪһԼӰʳʲôԣԱ˲ԭŷĳӼôãȻʱʶƽ״࣡
ԺţҪԵÿġҪѶϴȥ
Ȼʺ룬һһͬ÷ĴҲˣ֪Щ÷ϰߡ
촽΢ţϸʣûʲôص㡣
ɽյĳǡ⡣
䲻׽ջͣʱʺüĿĮƾǧ֮⡣
ɺ棬ﲻһˣ
ׯĵˣһһ»֮ʱ
ƽʮ꣬ȻλʱȥлľӪξʱԵл棬ֻϡǵǸͦҰŮӣڴྩǹ
Ȼ٩һûϲˣ
ھӪﲢû̫ãлĴָȥл˳һΣ֮ټ˵Ķ֮ʱ
Ĵͷ¶ױݾµľգΪ˵һ˲Ķ
ֻǴƣϲֶºʱйᡣ
ʱȫޡ
ؼţίţϵĿѾﵽˣ볼Ϸ˰ɣ
ȻĨһᣬݺݴ֣ƫͷ°ͣȴԼϣ
޹˼ɵĳײŭǳֻǳĬŲлᣬ˼սӲ£ļžţЦ˸⣺
ϲˣû´ɣ


2 ̿
Ǽ̫ί棬ϱŭҲл˲еܣĵһֱһ¹⣬ֻЩûҵˡ
ʱлĻӦߣϲˣ㲻Ҫң
ϱҲֻǴűӴ˯ѻ˵ˣͷҲ˺ܶǡ
лŮǸ֮ˡ
Դÿһι֮ҪͬʱҪϣǳһʮޣϣ޷졣
ׯرлֱ׵ӡ
ǽգΪΣ
ɻ󣬶ϱֱӷʣӲѹԼ
л¿Ʈķˣ̧ĵ˫ֱǰˣпտԶɽ檽ͨ˼£ඥȻʡ
ͷ²ӦǻʺĥʲôʷӼڿʺϻ۹ˣûʲôѵ
ֻжٻЩΪղ˻ʺΣѵ˻ͷ˵䣬糯ةĸҪ±лͬ⣬ةڳ˺һҲòɣǳֲʱңС˿ӡ
׵Ϣлס佫ȴִةĸףǹ
ʱ⽫ɵö룬ԭĿĲվģ΢ŭǶϲҲ̤
òƫͷٿһִ֮ۡѹҲƾϵǹġ
ԲոӲɻƹûʺôˣһʱ䲻Ըٶ˵
˽Ӳ޻ùţ޽Ӵܿ
ȵŮʰʱлֹЦݣߵؿŶϡҲĬϣִС֡
ͷʰ϶ҪЦˡȻϲҲͳһʮޣֻҪпñȫǻʺˡʺҲһյĮӣڻǰչСŮһ档
һ԰
Щֶ裬û϶Σյ»ʳӱˡϧˣҲƾջɡ
ź󣬶ԡ̫๧Χһ̷ԡӲŮǹźȻҲûлʲô¡
лһ˶ͭǰĬĬͷϵĽΣһһ£ɢٵ˿кڵ档
ָ뷢䣬ذĦͷʵ˫ۡÿÿʱɵģժ»ʺǸŵĽŮûбȵĻʹ
ᱡĺɫ£ϣĵذŷңȶϹޡ
ʱҲֻɫ£ͷʸˡһ˽¶Ů֣֮ǰ¹Ůӣ۰Ͱ͵ظء
л˿ʲǽͨ¶֮ǰҲûκμ֮Сνİ¹˶Ҳţ翵Ĵڣ֮ں֮ϣûһʵ֮ȴ֮ȥ
ʶ֪˭ȥ
лϹҲܶˣǲϷˣûʲôĻҪ˵Ϩ˫˫ƽڴ£Ե˫ֹصطСϣԽмĳӺ硣
˫ۣɽС壬һƣ
Ҳ˯£ǲϲҲ뱻ţȥŮӴޣһʺζǶģڻʺǸˣߣҲһ˯Ű޲ʡ
ҹл˯нյٿȻҹɫΪһ壬Ȼȫ̬֮
Ķڿ
æŵؿϵӣ´һۿϣȥ෿ý
˽һδеĽһ
Ϊ˻ʵ۵İȫܴΪʺˡ˵ǰѽ˵ƬУֻȴˡ
ˣֻȶˡ
˼ֻһ˲䣬𽣵˶߷ҲˣȻҹɫŨֻܿģĶ
ϺҹС·㰴ŲҲһ˹ֻǻδü㱻лϿ˹ȥ
վǰƴСŮˣֺЦ
ذײŷƶ˨Ҫ򿪷šлץţסԷ˽˲ץġ
ȻҲ˴㣬˶ţҡ˨ȫƿŷԽԽйڵ¹ӳĺӰ
л˽һн˴Ӻ󷽽ס⺰д̿ͣݣ
ʱԺӣ˯ŵĹŮ̫ȫѡ
׼ݽӹлȫµһϽ¶һ˫ңֳơ
лڵĶˣӦǸ֣书֮ϡ
ĲлƵλƾžտֵܵУҪ֧Ųס
ϴĴɱƬΪ˴̿ͣҲ̿ͿҲѹ֣ҹϮֻд֮˱Ȼֲס˼˭Ѱһɱӭȥл
ôаܿĽ޴ȫƾ书ͽֹС
ϼսֱء˵˫л£˽УݵҲŵѹѹذΧһ˿ɫӰһдл˸յʱºֻƾȫһƴϡ
ԵлȻǳֵĺʱаһˡֻǴϵһơ
һ̣ϾֵؿŷܲŮӣصһƣں紦ˤӡ
ʺ󣡡
ץסлĿյػͷǰӹлλü˾֮ǸĻ
ϳҵر𱻴ڵϵĻʺָⷢףҲ
лֻü鿴һ۱˹ȥȥǰΨһ뷨ǣˣܵѡ񱣻һ̣֤û¡
˱ۺз˲й͢ĳսٸǿҲбľһ̡
ܱܣҧеĶ
ѾܲץˣŵرŻＸϢŮӼ̫ҽ
л԰׵дӿ³ѪԵҲմһƬʺ壬࡭
̧ͷӱԵһƬɫӡӣѪ
ûһл˴ǱӣǸׯֽŮӳģȫΪ
ͻȻĻ棬ѪӿԿͷ𺳣ŻʺֲԾ
ʺ󷽲ŷܲӣȻǸʱάİ¹ŮƣǰݺӰǸŷɫȹͷϵʺ췢ཱུС߶غϡ
ʱڵϣͷϵѪģһƬֻϡӿȹ俴СŮ·һκ롣
ʹأһֱðĻʺСۣŻļȴް컣ֻ֤롣
䱻е״һ޶ĺôͻأ۵У̼ͫ׽ʺ
ԭˡЦƤӵ£ôöû
ָⲻʹ촽԰ײлѪɫȴôҲ޴Ŀ־ȫҴŮӣʧȥ
̫ҽôûŭˣ޲־̫ҽ
Сд̿ʱȥ̫ҽԺţб޻̫ҽ·ˣܹҲҪʱ䣬̫ˡ
ȰϣȽʺﱧϡ
ŻعƵģ૵ԣûʺڱĵϡ
ͳزʵϣ̿͡
˷˾綾˲޾εĿܣôûҪɻϾϡ
ʬΣ
ǣŻʵ۵֣ػӦ
µ۵ǻͷһηô
˶ɵˣŹڴǰŻʺǻʵڻʺĴͷȥŻʺ֡
̫ҽҴҸ̫ҽԺֵȫˡһʵ̣˭˯£Ļʵ۵İΣȫҪ
ֻ˲ŷ֣ʵȻ״̬õˣ˵ǻʺ
ʵֱЩ˵̫ҽԺԺ̫ҽʺơ
̫ҽҽ꣬¸أ˿ֿ׼Ȼʺһӡе̫ҽȸʺͷ˿ڡ
ϳӲڴͷšѾܾûʱĸоÿһţܸеԼҲȥˡ
ȴ̫ҽĻ㱨ȴйٵдһ㣬尾ޱȡ
̫ҽ֣ȫڵعţʹضϣʺƼأϳܣ


3 ԭ
ѹ֣ҹƻͨں䶬ҹΨһĹ㣬ȴ͵ĺͳٱ
Ŀѣֱ۱ֱŴ棬Ųȥ
˵ʲô
̫ҽ֣̿ľսضòظȻֻ˵һͱϣ졣
̫ҽĻħһڶߡʺʱúõģҲǸɸɾƽţ˯һ㣬ôȲأ
ֻʧ룬ʺĦգһһιĻ䡣
ǵްΨһĹůǰ֪ôá
ϲָ⸧лʧѪɫգţ޻ûил㣬ûв㣬һҪ㷣
˿лȻ˫ۣ޷Ӧֻ֣ܽ͵͵¡ֻǣΣûô
취Ȳ˻ʺҲᡣ
˫Ŀ૵ػŻʺ֡Ȼŵеİٺϻ㣬鷿ڷŵʻ
ʺİװֺܸɾӲ񻤼ףͿޢؾһ˫ֱһ䣬ȻͿĨ˰ٺϻࡣ
ϸڵĶע⵽ȴʺ˶֪
һʱ𼸺ѹѱĥļӲġ
̫ҽ˼ϳһŷӣմ˷̶ȵҽλʺ󣬵ȫڻʺԼ
ʺӱѰŮӺ̫̫࣬ҽҲܱ֤һʧϾǰ˴̿ɱС
ȥҩ㡣ϲԸһ˿һҽλʺĿԣ尾صȴš
ڵҩ˹æӹҪιʺ󣬾ͱʵ۶˹ȥι
ҩ̣ʢҩһһιлʱιҩ˳û١
ģǿֽһҲúû
ιҩǵȡ
һҹעѰ

峿֮ʣȻƷ׵̫ɱĹǴ庮ů⡣յҲģղĵס
һҹˣлֻȻţ˿ûҪѵļơҲȻϢö֪ˡ
ϳʱһҹӼѵػʧ䣬ֻлһ̣뿪һں
ͻȻûˣڳܿҲ֪ϢϾȥܣֻлʧˡ
ۿвѪ˿ȵҪʱлԴˡ
ͷ΢ζͷ
ʶУԼһŵͳϲŻʺһ
лֻúóʺڽ˭
ɵʵ˫ۣͿһ˫Ѫ˿ĺϷɣƱϲһӣʱһ
㣬ȴǣͷ˿ڣһʹỨ
ǰİ˺۵ӣָļ򰲸ʺСġ̫ҽѾ˿ڡ
л峺ɻ̧۵İֱָۣԼŵˣʺ󡭡ң
ɫһ䣬æ̫ҽ
лϸϸ۲ˣü信ݣֻǳǳ࣬źƣŰɫƽгӦǵǻʵۣʺ󡱣
̫ҽҩҴҸлǵĽŲǴӸģԶһֱǰһ
лһʱô¡
ʵ۰λø̫ҽ˺ܶ¡
л⻰ϸ䣬Ҳȷʵ벻µȫ֪ԼôˣģĪʲô
ͼ̫ҽüһǰغϸѯ⣬леܴеĸ˵ʲô
ле޹̫ҽ˵Ѿסɣ֮ǣֻʧ֢֮
ʺʧȥ˽ļ䣬֪ʱָܻûлָĿܡ
лѾʧԤУԾƽɻʵһ
ɻԼֻЩˣʵΪôţ
𾪵һƬհסպҹһֱڻлһУԭദ˼ҲдССľ䡣
Ժйһһŷֻʺжôϣո¶ҪƴȻûüжͰȫˡ
ļͣǰʮ游ȥӪǰڣĽڵ֮ǰ
ͷɬô
йصһС
ͻȻлн۲ΧûһʶˣӲĹ뷿ҲİĺܣίίҪֳ
ͣˣϢȻסлһϢӽҪʺѾˡ
˳ƽ˷Žл˿ܾС¹ϤļҲá
ԳһЦˣķ
лʹľӣ汻ӣڴųССһţӷÿһˡһû˵Ҳȫš
ǸرԳʵ۷ˣҲҪš
ҪŸ׳ģ˺þøײΪѵشӦôһȫˡ
üۣЩ԰׵ĴίƲҲ̫ˣ
һлл˽ˡлһиίܣɰлۻˣ˹ҪŮû˸ʵ
лؿһԳĻʵۣʵۻ˳ȥռˡлӡһ㡣
лŮ㲵ĶˣǺ˳Ů˼ûһ£ûʵ۽Ȣȥ
ȻٶĺҲã˿ֻŮǸʲô״
лҲµģ֪ļ˵˵Ȳѯʧ귢ʲô
ʵ۾ȺлһЩ˵ޣֻлͻʴؾϽȨʵƸȢлΪ֮µı档
лͷԭǸãüĿ续·˵ķŶЩܽһΪ£Ǽôÿķ
Ҹ׵ʱ˱ȨȨƴûбĽǿտӰˣʵۻԸȢΪ󡭡
ϳüлҸйȺţǲٽǻʺл԰ͲסĽ
ֻлҳлԶϣС죬뽫Сͻؽɡ
ϷҪеĲ豭бðĲãԼعصл˳ľٶҲûгֹҲ뽫Ļʺӻȥ
лҸԹǶԵġڻʺʲôˣͻȥӴҸֵضȹһûüر
˼òѹԼ˽ǱţɫȻȥʻʺ˼
лèƵؽĸ׵ĥʱĻʵ۷ֽˡ
ʵˣ׸æ֣¡
лЩŭ᲻ĸףֺʵİӶ˴ɫСˮ۾Ŷ㡣
ϿԱлĸ׺ͶķӦǿҵĽ𣬸ոһĻδ׽
̧һȣǿƿϴץסл֣۵գĵڸоЩ𣿡
лŴŴصͷԥҪҪ֡
ͦģŮλӸ
̧ͷֱʣΪӦǺϲҰɣ
һ㶣ţǻâ۽лֵԣ޵ϻˡ
лʱЦɬѯʣʲô֣ҲǵˣϣŶ
ϣ


4 ŵ
лɬ͵ͷֱǰЦԽӡôôÿˣȻķвϲȻİľ֮С
֮Խǿңָһλᣬƴʺ۳ļ֮ˡ
˶ʮ꣬ྭĥѿү֮ˡֻһΣǱ˵ˡ
лҵ̼䱻̧л۵Ľգ㷽ĽԾԾԵģ۵ƤĥĵĴУȻܿ˴һѽ뻳С
ţȳЩθ
лһ⧲㱻˱˸߾ѡļֻʱʱ΢һӽӴ١
ʹ赶ŪǹҲûʲô飬ԼһϹġʱһϵӵڻ˵ŽšĵϵҲܱȵ±ǰ׵͸˹еļϡ
ϻӵ֮ıǼ⡣
ߵҪ㣬׸ֶţʱ컯գһ§§ɺͳǷҲСҪʵ׽ҲҪȵϰ
κˣڴŵƣʹȦˮӯӯӲؿǰЦӣһ
ϸⰮ۳ˮգϲѡ빬һׯأһһжƱģӿ̳Ƶı׼ʱʻǰ
ļ䣬ֱ˵ǸھӪеӣ䵭ģ˵ٻлҡ
Сһֱŵ࣬͵ȻʺܳϼڣȻۺӵŵö̱͵غһӺ棬̲ס뿴
Ϻһ˵仰ͰЩ˸ϳȥٲź򡣴ٹܲܳҲ޷֪˽ദײڻϻӣΪһ͹ˣ
أԺȥҪѵŹˣ
δͷֻطԸ
ȵרעͣлϡ
ӽлʵ˴˫ս§ǰ
лִٵŤ϶ؽţ򡭡
ǲ̫Ӧƺһδ˵̫ܵˣ㻻ɲ̫εģϣ
šӦţֱ֣ʱ˽ŻӣĸоŶ񳯳лϣΨл֣
ɿ檡ҪˡлһԶСŮ˵ŮһԵһˣƫϻſ
檡ִл˵ҲǳȻǲӦİݡ
ϲ֪ؽɿָĴ飬ԺǰعأԳƱôҲ㡣
ӹõĺǺ춹ࡣմ¯ʢ̣һĴţιл԰׵ķ۴ϡ
лʶƫͷԼûע⵽ⱾܵķӦʲô쳣ȴ΢ɬȻɫֻûƵģЦûд𣿡
еִ˴ι
лٻرܣһڱȥڶҪιڶʱæԼУ
ȻӱֻȵС֣ȥöϿе롣ôˣСӱ˱ι
һ۱㿴ʲôֱסĶΪչ㱾ΣˣúúϢ
ŶϼᶨݷɣлƸǰˣͻʹԸʱչҲ˵˸ˣиûϲǡ
̫Ÿ˲лᳶǣ˶һЭЦݣοԼҪ롣
ϲٶԣֻнιţʱʱë׵ͷɵֻӣʱͿ
ˣ
ʣһףлԸⱻιˣüϲؿ׺ں࣬𣬷̫ˣ
˳Ʒûǿл̫ѪСŸࡣ
л£ԱϢл󣬡´βҪôˡ
ҴñǣӦ£һ䣬úЪϢЩ㡣
лһűӲѹû˵İ߼ñŶϣϵȴİӡȻҲ׽ָо໥ֵȻУС
ḧԼĿڣ봹һƬӰɻΪûƵĸо
л˺ܾã̬صĻһ˳˰ءʵ۽ǵ⣬ĳһͣ£ããѩظֶʺ˲׳Уڹá
Ǳܾˡ
лԶԲģϣɷȥʺ
üĿͳʺѾЪˣлСؼһʱʺȬ޴ȥ̽ס
ٴαؾĻл˶Щʵ۾ȻŵлؽĸʺĻңʵҲ빬лʺԻȥۻʵͬˡ
һʱлҲò׼ʵ۶лʲô̬ȣ˵谮ƾлһʵ۴δһֱ㲻ϡɽջʵĳŵǲںлµأ
ˣлԶǲټڼãȣع£ʺʧ䣬ڹ壬ȴǷԸڹСϾ࣬޷жϡ
֪л¶϶ǧŮͽ֮ˣûܱãչ˺ллԶ·ϵҲδƽϡ
˵֮ˣȻҲġ
лһŵǰġ
лС̧ͷޡɤлԶͷ𣬴ŵרѹ
лԶ˿壬طīɫ°ڣӭŶϵĿֱͦͦվ
˵ĿεػۣײԲá
ƱҪлڹУԣлԶ᲻ܰίһͷǴŭҲҪ˴ߡ
Ƭ̺󣬶ϳŵ꣬ްʱչǰԲԸڹУ޸ͳ
ˣ˵һòлԶҲԸʱΪ塣꣬лӦԼжȷľ
лԶҲõԸӪÿϵľ񣬻õ̬Զšʧϲ˼ĵҲˡ
л˶һͬ˹ݣ֣صлãǱʥԡ
ϵͷҪ£ɸ߻ʺ󣬲ȻԤʺжϡ
лԶ˼Ƭ̣ʵ˵ȴеǸ֮ˣƫһʲô֪ʱʲôѡ񣬻ʵۺлҶв
ЦݣлҼ˽һ㽫ͳۻл޵ɫ˿οɴʣͿڷСһƬȣ˯㣬һ֪ŷʲô
Ͽ񾲵лвԾսµתȥ嵭Ҳɢȥ


5 ޢ
߳һбɫףֳ֡ľΧΧˮйͨ
κ˲룬Ҫûʺǻʺ˰֣Ǳͷ
ƮƮһ仰зҽÿһλʿСǼ࣬һ˵ļȦǹվĿǰ
ģƲ鷿ХĶ紵ʵĶСһԹ첽ϣ̲סֻͷһӴ̾ʵ۶Իʺİ֮ġ
þϸһˮɫҩаɫ߷ɺȹЦݿȻһЦʿޱضɲǼЦ⽩ס
סĵ׵ɻ󣬻ǰѯſڵͳ磬ʵͳ죬ǡ
˵֮£ʱһ̽ƫͷ￴ֻܿɫʯһǳǳĽӡûƮƮѩǡһҹӦøûã˽ʺĪǻʺ˺£ŭգ
ǰڣһȺ󳷰벽ϥع£ϼʵڵҳƵ죬μҪ
°Ӧǣҹǰƺƴ֪ܲлʱ˳ʲôл˲˲ź⡣
ƽúܣǻʺްţ׺ŰɫëŵһƬӡɵĴ̿ʵ̫ãһŮӶɱˡ
лˣܻݻ°̺ǻʵҲǿԽܰɡ
ЦŽͣ˵£㷲ʱϵʺðȣһ밲ͳи㣬űȥʺ㡣
δ룬붼һڻؾɴ䣬顣
ŵɫôҲλĹɣ޹ֶ̫Ůڹλݽڻʺ󣬵λȴлĸ˼ǹ˵ίƫû
ǻʵ֮ˣŵ̬󣬡ֻ̫Ļʺ㣬Ͻ㣬ܸ˽ȥһȻֱϷˣᡣ
ˣæǻʺﱻ㣬ǻҵȱʺ󡣡
Ȼıڱƣؿžٿصǣмʣ޹⡣
ԭǹлǷлϰ䣬徫ǿ֮˺ʱҪô˱δСЦлҲ䡰ˣȴ಻סȻļʺĽ
ĿϣͬŮӴ򽻵ĸͳǳʡ
Ͽ飬ȥʻϵ˼ǻͬ⣬̷С
ٲάŵ̬Ƴϵӣмתȥ
ôȥأػл˿̶ȻԸκ˴ţڣ·δȥ̫
֨ѽİѩӭ׵չⲽȥ
鷿
˲һҹ̿ԴӴ̿δܷκκۼ빬·Ҳһ֪·һ㡣
ʮܣ̿Ȼһʼʹִɱ
һ£հľȥлߣȻҪһ˶ԿǸǿɱ֡
뵽ʹָͻеǺʣŭʢ
ȻӴ̿Ҳκɵ֡
ںڽɫ̴ľѻڰۡһ·ڶɱΣ·ߵüѣҲﲻˡ
ǻһ񣬸գϾȴ˲˿ӡЩҰδȺǻţǧ򲻸ãл

лǰ̧ͷŶϵĺɫ˿ʣӦԼΪʺʵ
ߵߣƿһֽľԶľɫ߰Ľ߸ߵĹǽȾŨҵɫһ̱Ҫȥ
⺮ڵ̿ůڡǼŵѩˮ̹ǵĺ⵶̰ιգ̲סƫͷرܡ
ǻʹ𣿺ȼж˵㲻һĸо˵
ֻ£ڴڴ˻壬Źϴ硣
ڵ˿ľ̼ˣµģлſƮƮڵߣ̲סģôūΪأոҪúǣǶˣϸöൣţ
л΢㶣ǰȻ֡ĹСŮŲҲʮͣȴ
лϤⲻڹ̷ŮӦ˹񸮷ֵģ
ǰŮȥˣ
л֯ԣίѯʣ´롣
Ȼһ߷лϱůĳһ߲Ļش𣺡һ빬ūźˣǰŮδ
л⣬ǰŮСһͬ󣬶ϰָƣǲѣ뻻ģǹɲԴŮ빬𣿡
룬ȷϺŵǵģ¹Ҵ˺üŮߵĴŮءҲȷ˵ܵĹأ빬ʱԼġ
лͷҹ£ֻĵס
úлͭǰ⡣лۻɫķС̧ȶɫĽб֯ȹȹ߶ůİɫëסů͡
źԵ罿Ů̫ҽ˵ģӦʮˣɼͣʮ꣬Ҳһĵţ֦ͷ¶δ޵Ůɬ
⣬еؿ佱һ
ѣôˡ
лǸճԹ˯£ʱ˯ҪԣⲻǻջԵһ㣬һʱḻᣬܣΡ
Ǹˣ΢һЩҲɣûĸֶ㣬϶ңǶϻ
ţ⴫ϼݵл㶣Ҳ⣬˿ű˴ˣ֪롣
лŻǰ˼ΪʺνӼݣȫǵˣȹ˵
ȻϥǻδȫŵأͱһֻĴסС̧̧ͷͿ˶ϺЦ˵ǰعأˡ
ִ̧лľѶ÷
лһţ޴ؿڵδĴ


6 ̽
лСʶ߬ǰ֪ӦԴʱĳ˴Ҫ
ֶÿη˴շ󣬴Ӳ顣Ծϲ۰Ҳİɡ
ϧʲôˣһ㶼벻ദģʽ
лͷɿһֻ̯͵ǰ۾
ȴ̧ͷӨϣͼϾӣʱʶˣˡ
ĺ˵֮лԾҪ̽һЩ̯ƷȥɰڶţŻңô
άס΢ŭı飬лŶϵգŹһ˿һı仯
ûлЩ׶϶ˣ΢ſ̬Щݣ⺮֮ؿڣţ´βôң
εԳҲˣлϲֶӦ˶ӵݡ
סлӯһյĺرڻ˳Ļţ޲á
лòҲٶ̽շϤǰĿӣڶ͹ķϣͼ»øů
ȻССʱ˺䡪
Ժöӡ
л˲ڶϻЦˣ仰ǹϿ˵ģǶӡǰϲ
ٵ٩н˶ӵл򰫵£кС˴š
һֱδɿлָʶذŪŴа׵ָ⣬ָڣҲĲУԺ󶼻š
֪ղǳһʮ壬߿ܲЩЩҺøոոϡ
лͷʲô⣬ֻεصŹŮڵζϣǰˡ
ļ˸ûĻεִлһǣעԸա
лʲôһˣȴ˶ϵı仯ʺˡܶˡ
еĲȺܷʢۺͬϯû˿ʹǵʺڼ䣬嵭Ҳ˱ǡ
лԸпĳӲõģĲ˱ĺ˲֪ٱԸڹһЩˡ
лӱһȥ֭Ũɫһˣ͵ϸϸƷǻûü£ע⵽ϲ꣬ĿƵϡ
̲ס·ûճϣǶ롭
һӲˣŽ¶˰ɣ
ϱֵģЦˣסʳİɻôСˣ
лûдֻۣ嵭ĳĵۿˣ֦ͷҪŵС̬ﶼǰͬδŮ㵥
лϸ˶ϵĻʲô˼ûСиˣǶϵ˼䵹ˣҲƿصġ
Աû˼䣬ֻ³ˣҪϲ𣿡
˵꣬뵽˱ίз⣬ˡ
ϼսлֺֻϲ㣬Ҳһα仯
ѵǰȫ±ǣֽΣŮĴ档Ǳл꣬лġˡʹ˵ϧλ롣
лҲڹδʱвˣЩô޲Ҳһ꽫ȫ
ȻǲܵģЩڵ£ಹǰˡҲ˼иߴЩȳԷ
лؿеĲˣֹ
ϲˣлµ˵㲻֪Ҳ𣿡
յϺڰ׷Եøˣȴöкݺݿһлŵľȷʵ֪
ãδϸ֮ˡ
лɵؿԳĬˣɻ÷ʱѵûи
סеĲ죬û¶ӼеԼǸһʱˣá
лδʶƵϵαװ㱻Ļŵˣϡ
Ҫ˯˼
Ȼ˳ףѾǷޣӦʲôˣͬѰǵã͵һʲô
ˣлԣֻϸʱ÷ҹٵٳһЩܼܶһС
¿ӣָ°ͶллԵò൫Ҳ߷ֱϲɶʳҲԸط¿ӡ
ȵʰ棬Ŀⲻٶŷˣֻ߾ؿŶʱԼ
ҺöûгûŪֻùźԡлҲһƫϴ˵ķֱл˷ɵء
ɢƮŻ滺壬ϸͼʶľȴпããһƬһЩģƬζûС
ϲһģֻ𣿶ȷʵжӵڴֻΪƤұԸиأ
ϰ䣬ֵж뾩ںԺĹС㲻ͬЩŮ˳ӻġǹŮȦдڣΪĸµŮӵ䷶Ǿ档
һȼ˶ˡ


7 ͬ
л۷ɫɫʱͷֶѾʰ˲бϣһ˱ⷭ
ɫ£Ե¶ĲǼµףƤ͸ѪܵɫĵϺлǱʶܿ
Ϸ飬ǰСһ¶ˮµΣŵʪζ¹ճɬΣӵվţ˲ߢ
ʾ⣬üۼΪͣЦţ޸ͷ
ŶлӦ߽ϰС۳ľ봦£
ϵŵİɫ޲һ˿һƵΪãʸɣ裬СЩŪллֻƽʱ˼䳣¡
ʵҲʷ
˸һ˲糣ؼΪãԼ²£
Ŷϣ΢΢Ĵ£ҲܲĶһ˲ͣ͡Ϊ̷ԡĹŮֻ˼򵥵ĲãʷһĬɶ
Ȼ
ǶϵʪΪβʸɣϴ̫˻÷õȰɣΣлΪԼġͶ񡱸еʧ䡣
л͵͵ģӦûУҲãԺһҪึ㡣
ȻһȵţѹĴԸе·½ĿһƬ
ΪͻȻ׽ͷǳģ϶
ͷϵ°͵СɵļѣĶܺãҪǰԼ޲
лοкһЩתסϵüӦУã޼䲻˵ֻ
ϼΪز÷ңаʪ޲ˮ֣ȻԶԶһԵľСϡ
ϻţԡ̫ƵҪСġü۵زлͷĿĵ˿ڡȻŮܿλϴϻǺܵģ˿ں׷ס
ҴҪл˿ڵҩͷָҩ
лǵŪøˣֻɵϹԭҲֻ
̲סڶز䣬Уδṻͱ޳ָסҲˡ
ͷȣŲδ¸޲лԴôʱûʧѵŮ֮¶ˡ
ϸһ룬ȷʵӦǲôģ빬ǰлĶɾˣԺԽ̡
Щ
ָĦлķ˿еš
л֪ԼҶӰˣʵʵؽŪҶ
Ǻܺ˴ǰһʲôӦò£С̽ʣôʶģӦ빬ǰ游Ӿ֮İɡ
лϸеļ䣬ûзֶϵĺۼֺϲӦȶٳףֻ⼸ڷġ
ȻϵĻȫˣ̫ˣֻöϸһֲ
ɫĮȻûолĲ²⣬˳˼򵥽ţھӪʶһǸ׾꣬ŴһҪ޽ύΪֵܵӣھֱûϲˣôʵһ
лȤȻ٬񣬵ϸҲȷʵܸɳ£ϲֹСϲ˶ӣ׸۵ķܼζò𰸣װ˷ʱ䣬˱˴ˡ
ǵֱȥʣȼ֮ⲻͰķյ
ŻҪöϼȴҪθڲ˵ˣ֪ˣƫ㡣
ҩƿӵסлƾСȭͷؿڣмЦס۵׵İ
лᵽڲ¥˵ʱŴδȥĸоתҲˡ
ʱ϶ҲǱƵķȻԽԽϲӶԼĵġ·ŵõϱȤлƶϳĶޱȺϵģϲװǲȻԼж֮ȻϲطǸŮӣٸԲ
Ӽ˵ĻϺܶ඼Ĺ£лʱҲ٣ȷʵȸֱѧı˼ˡ
Թʣתպˣ˯ˡ
лžĥĥѾ˺ܾãѹе˷ܸУƽҲ׷ʳˣѾˡ
˷ֱһӣмķ϶л˯ǰСҶм¶ıɻϹʱôҪôԶ
գϳȥˣлʱö֪˱һƻľ룬ͷȻ׶ϿΪ˲˲Żֿ˯ģűĶ棬ǲġ
׵ȻҪڷ˯ů¯ů˴˲ǣϲֵķ飬ֵľ˾ɢˡݳľ飬л֪˹ͬάϵģʲôˣҲöһŬ
ͳһӣҪͶ˯һ
лһûǻʵ۱Ȼ·æҲҪȥķ
Ŀ꣬лϸһϻ´ķۣϽɫղҡΣžгòԼǰһһԿû˼ȥҶſɡ
ǰһӹŮлſڣͲסϸĲӣޱڴȥץʲôڣҪһϲ
ȻͷĹŮûȥͱһ£ͳǰ½ͣó룬ʺء
лﲻѣǰͼʸףϽҽˣ


8 
лڴѵ˲类ˮ£͸ôҲ뵽ǳ۰ķϾȻð㣬ûз
Ͻ͵ϲû˵ҪĻֻ˵ⶼó룬ﻹذɡ
л˶Ͽܾһ˵ǹģǽȥ׽ˡ
ãϵ⡣
ȥѻϽҪ˵ס
ΪѵȰлл˵õĻ˭µ͸˭һµС磬о̾ͼһϴ´Ŀ׼ݣĥĥͱоɱƬײˡ
ڻʺԽͣºòϹϵתᡣ
һöȶͳͽūΪֻǲ˽ȴû뵽ҲǳȥˣﲻȻعȺ廹洵أûϵϧϽ϶ģļ
леֽɿʧжϣ˿̾жѹ
ʧתðɣȻȥһ
лǵһᵽֱͷʦδĸоһҪ˵ܷȥƾʲôֻڹŶȥҶأֲֻھУ͵ŪĽ˿ȸ
Ѿ˳鷿еͷдʲôĶϣǱ߳ˣæеǺʣϵֽϵȼճɻңñ֪ոĬдʺϲá
ڷϳ˲лԵķˣСӣ͸һֽ˻ʺϲĳʳ·ƷⶼС˴дģһõֱͣ͡
⼫ˣԵСܸɣͣҲû¡
ʱûбĬдʲôΪлһʹ˵Ļ֮һʱѧɼͯһϸϸ±ʼǣóĬд޸ģȥ
״ϻۣĶ˵Ӧöļ˲ǣǲԼ˵̫ںлٿԣʶǰıĹϵ
˶ϸСضԴеһС¶һݵϲأҲļϵŮܵˣΪ
ܾ첽żҴҵظ;в²лﲻֳë߽˵緢飬ķһ룬漴æȥο
лĹĵǰҲͷ
ǰסлԽͣ޲㣬ǵһЩʶô㣬û罻ίˡ
лתҲҪ֪ѾˣʦڣԵ罿Ĵһ㾭÷ꡣ
赶ŪǹĿЩ˺ۣδΪ۰ںĸֶûΪ˶ɹҪҲԼ˲ʲô¡һ㣬ʴӡ
лöףһŮӣһˮ
ԲлļΪİ㣬̿ʹ˵һϢ̫ҽȫΣټԼĵӲͦù⻹ԴǻŮӣģ˾͸ûˡ
ÿÿ˼ˣжѣֻסѣΪˡ
лϻǲΪŴĽǶ⣬ͨ븸Ӧǲͬġ
ڷϽ̵ǿӦֻǳϲ۳лһЩϵĵˣ̬ȣϵ֮գţѵûпǵҲȥ鷿ѽһ׼˾ϲġ
ܳʲô
˼άͣлʧǰ˴ûлȥѰʾãԲŻʱĬΪó롱˴ǰദʱĬϵĹڡ
ɾ͸õķޡΪһ۰ķȻҪ׽
׺ϻȻʣϿҵǸޣ᲻뿪ޣԺһϣٲֿ
лⱻ˵ߺ̯Ľһ㣡
̧һһűСƬֽӰ״ǣ׵˪ڳȻɫǹ濴ϲڵõССǣ
лƫ˼ȥҶϣûõóֵĶֻ˿ÿκȹҩԵǡ
ķǣԣͿǣ˳̫ۣοһ°ˡ
ϰˣʦάһǣҾÿϳҪۿ϶࣬Ҳ뽱һҽˣԺ󶼲ˡ
ϽЩڵǹл͵ġԥǺ˿˿ζ⣬ĹڿУζ֪лǱ
յлߵͳصЦţ֪Ϊˣԭǳǳġ
л˵ߺתͷִ⣬ԺңӦþԼҪжɡ˺ˣҲҪ̫Сġ
ϺشӦˣлԸûʹңܻϲ
лѯʣҵĴ̿ͣͷ
Ŀѡڵ飬㲻Ҫ˼ǣƽģһнޡ
л΢΢ͷ̿ͲǳģöϲġлټƽһУת˿÷ζǸԼһš
ЩǱҲûʲôܺóԵģϳԵôӣͻȻˡ
˻ϻһ鰸Ҫǰŵȥлɣ޹͵鷿лȥȥ
θ鲻һŬлҲڳǰҲǣıסлԵĵĵֱ˵㣬أ


9 簲
лߺЦҪӦȻȴʲôסƵ˵ڣЩȴ벻Ϊʲôɴ಻ϡ
ûҪĴ𰸣ͷ֮ȻСӰ۰ᵽл
һ˵лˡͳǹſأǹſأ
⣬ǵɵɫúøɻ͵æЩˡ
л˶ϣЩᣬ˭˸ʵۣΪɷϻмҹ¡ʹҲС˼뻹̫ķദһҲ£Ҳҵתעˡ
ֻǣЩʲôأ
Լǰڹﶼʲôճ
о˿顢轣壬Ϣȼл빬飬Ȼ󾲾ؿŻʺ
лڵȴ˵ûˣţûˣ
ûˡ
лһ֪ͣ˵Щʲôипô˹Ȥˣ
˵ŮӳײٳּҪТţһȺҪչˣҪ̷СԽԽʧңԼԭģ
ųһ꣬Ȼͱô壡
ǸԼȥˣ
лĵа׵ָ棬ȥҼֻҪ
ؿҲ˵ûڹﶷеģǶС
лнָסȫ˴ʱļǱѩصĶգǱʶͣա
쵹Ǵѩ̶ѩ˵ĺûᣬˣܳȥ
ѹüͷŴǿǿұɡ
ǣ뿪Ϸңʱ򣬲ܿ飬һϴɲУÿ鰮
ûЩ飬ֻѡ˸СĽˡøл
лһͺȻ飬¶ǵôϲ뿴Ҳôȥˣ
װֽӹպŵɡ
Ȼ󷭿ζؿסʱ¶ĽЦʱܱͬݲѣı仯ע⵽
ܱһС£ձ㷭ˣ˹ĥѣճɾлȸжЯֹѹص飬ĽеĽиǰ谮ķ̫ˣ
ͶϿɲҲô
ʱϾĵ߽ù˲ҪţȻ屳ͻϮסͷ֪ʲôл
лһ£ѧ￴鱻ץľʶؽ¡
ڿʲôʵ
лεЦЦûʲô㿴ʱ䣬̫ˣ
Ц⣬˱Ƶ⣬յյ࣬ǣ죬æ㡣𣿡
лȻ󻺻սڶϵԼղһ£εػЦ˵ɣ
ļҪȻֹڴˣлʼ׽Ѿˡ˳СһһԽԼУĸԸߡ
ҹϿֻһʱ˼лˣȴֱӵزĵڴѹסһֱصǡ
лͣҡ̫ˣһ˯ůһЩùŮ˴˸ǵĴӡ
˵գ۾Ŷϣһ㲻Ը⣬Ǿͻԭġ
ֻһδԣװӣ˳ƽлӵ뻳У£š˸һӣͬһͷӵ¡
лܺԵظܵϵΣĹǼܴ󣬳ֳ׾ͽ£סҲ˷ϵ·Ѭ㣬ƤҲȾƤζлǼ䡣
лһʱмǿƵܣƿϣҪ̫
ɻʵޱ㲻
лڵţһѹ˺ˡ
򱻴һƣδƤѪںϵĺۼԣãһѹǳľʹ
ϷɿѹϷıӱ߲룬лС۰˯һҶ㣬˯ɡ
лܵϴůͶУپĶղѹˡڶϻ˯úǰȡ
һΣϳҪʱлҲЦ绨Ŷ簲
ĶѾŻ˶ɽ޻ˡεЦЦֹιлıӣ簲ٶ˯
лͷȴ˯ռֿŶϻ·ţŷĵ˯˻
ǳǳ˯һСлԺʴʲôʱˡˣư׵Ĵֽƽʱ͸١
ԵɴʣлŸûãֻǽǸ죬ѩ˲١
лһѩھ⣬ûڻʹתת
ǻʺʹͶϵļңȻҪѼвϤϤ
лҴţȲشСŮڹתתʹ֮ǰĻʵ죬ʵɽһŵĻʼ԰֡͵ʹĵλãɫ۷壬ȻлߵܱʱȴҲ̾ˡ
ľǱʶж˵ƺЩϤȱپ֮УЩͲһˣȫһء·ּСһȸԾ߿񻨵Ĵʯˣʯޣٴϸѩɫ֦ѾһƬѩ
л÷̺÷ʱ΢ĽŲͷһһλ긾ˣԲ󷽸һλŮӡлʶˣֻǵű֪ʮݡ
һСѣ̫


10 ȳ
л֪ǰ˵ݣ΢˵µľ档̫⣬ĸѡǶлִ
Ȼ֪ΪʵۺֻܿܲһŮˣӣͬΪϵŮˣǰʱл̹Ȼܡ
еֱ̫ۣ߽лҲȥֻ̫ܿ񣬡檼̫
̫ȴĿлϣлΪֱ̫˲
лתλ֮ˣΪβ򱾹񣿡
ֺ̫õıˣɻһ£ɱɱл硣̫ԣлҲôΪôλֱˡ
ؿ̫̫ûܵ񣬲˵ֻһ̵Σ鲻Ը񣬲ֳ檼ʺ̫ˣһʱпհʲôˣݣĪҪüƽϡ
лšáĽзҲڣлҶŮ޽ã಻ȴΪ϶ôá
̫еķ飬˵ĻȴͱˣţŻʺʧ䣬Ҷǵ˰ɣĸ󶼲ˡ
̫̫ҽѯл״֪ʧˣƾ̫ҽһ֮ʻ˽л״ǻԼ̽Ȼʵڲ̫ҲԸȥٱܾӣò׼ʵ۽˳ˣл;ר̶Ѱлһ̽
лæٴϴԹϱϲл̫ϲ鷳ͺáȻ²⣬̫ȥٹȲ衣ô򵥵Ҫлѣֻܸ̫бٹȥ
ٹ̫ףл̫ҷ֣̫ࡣ΢΢°ͲԸȱлһͷܴɫֻܴһЩɫĺϾͰлһڡ
̫ȿڣʺˣ
лɫ䣬ʵ˵ϣ޴󰭣ֻ飬ǵûʹˡ
ЦлȻװ׵˵˳ȻʧҲɵ
лʲôصģ˶֪£ҲûҪ˭
̫üۼϧел֣ˣв㣬Ҫչ˺Ĺˣ˭ûܾľź㣬ֱӽǸϳʹʹҪõˡ
лףº͵ЦţлĸģߵĹŮǼõģûе檡
Ľ𣬡⼸նڽĹУҲǺİɣһѽչ˵úܺá
лȷʵˣЩӶ˳ΪĲӦɵһЩСĦ֮ദǺġֻҪԼܶȹĥϵĽ׶Σۣ绰ϵĲӼ˰Ҹ
һ뵽պõлЦϴҺܺá
ĽЦЩɻлôһˣ˵ֱףɵǼɵ
һ֮ǰҲлѵΪ˻ʵһ֮Ҫ˻ϵ
ʮһ¹ʱǸ̿ͣҲԸǰһƣûʵ۵ġ
ҧ´л׬ˡ
̫һȲ費ἰȻϴãҲҪһЩղΪƣۣ㵱ġ
лͷӦ˵Լոʵ˳Եģܿġ
̫ȰЦ𣬡ʺãȻȴ
лʵĸǺ⣿
̫ҲִʱлǸֱӣҲػˣֱӵ뱧Ҳһˣ빬һ꣬㹬еʱ࣬Ȼȴһֱˣ֪ҪЩʱղܵã˿̸öȰȰȥɴ߶߶ðұӣҲĸˡ
̫˵ʱƤ̧Թ
лˣЩǵķѷߵģȻǲͬˣ
²ܾȻĴ
檲δŻϣϰȥɣĸͬ˵ֱȥϾȳϣǳ檿ƵģֲǳеƤӰ
лⷬľܾ̫زá
ĸ̫󣬻ʵ۵ĸײǹԴתһСĴŭܵͷƫƫлͬѰŮӣЩ˵
̫̾ϢһûȰʵۣӲ˲ĸĻ˵㡣
лǳ檵ķ֪ϲԸҪǿ󣿡
⻰װ׵ĶײҪлĴ̫ˣ̫סᣬҪл÷ռ˻ʵۡ
ʱϴҴҸٹ䴫̫ߺлٿ̫ȥӭݣȻ˵ǰ񣬵һԻڣл뽫˽µСܱ¶
ϼлˣһոԼ̫˵ŮͣûӦŭ̫ҲԵòô˳μĸ󡣡
̫δĮؿǰĵ˵̣Щʱ񣬰Һο㲻㸸ĲôϣȻʲ̫ˡȻôʱ򣬻ӻŮнʮˡϥһһŮ󹬶ʲôʱð֣ʲôʱΪ㸸µ´أ
غǳ⣬Ż̬ȣؼ˵ţʹˣǲܿһɰϻϽкȥȵԶμҵأ㲻ΪҿҲΪ˽ɽ취
ֻ䵭ؼ򵥱ʾ¼ˣ̫ġ
Ӻ뼱ˣӻԶ
̫ŭעӶϣͽԽĻˡ
леϵĵɲ٣һ˳̫ϲ̫ĸǸ
˵æʺӲʸúĸҪ±㲻ҪʺˡĸįˣҪ໨Щ˼չ˺ĸ󡣡
ĵԹ޵ؿ򱻻ʵάлĽּʡ
лٹô̵ʱ䣬Ͼ͵Ÿ̫лЩʲôϺʱ˭
ȶϴл£ת뿪̫ۣһеĲյںľ£Ž𻤼׵ֱָָĶӾͲ
п˵ȥ¹޶Լȥ˯齣û
ֶŮͷΪѵӣ̫׻׻̵˵ĶŮץģȥֵܷһҲܱȹʺԼڻзС
ǳЦӦ£̫ͻȻתƻ⣬𣺡㷽Ϊβʺ񣿡
ɫһ㶣̫ȻҪΪ¶
ίίĸ㲻𣿡
̫һָͷϣľԴҪƻʺҲסڹܳϡ
Ȼһ
ϴлˣٹףѵл˶ûȫʲô
лͷҲû뵽ųͱ̫
ڹ̫㲻ңҲû˺ֻԼˡ
ϲлⲻĴ̫ղҲ㲻
ǰ棬һֻСŴŴŵлͷϣлл㡣
ϲͷ֪ˣ̫㲻Ըġ´һҪСĽ˽
лɵͷɻйǣôæʱʱС£㣬칫̫ࣿ


11 
л֣˵ĻͲˣĸ㣬˵׶Ϊޣ⣬ڹ·æһȥ̫ǲĲ
лŶϼʵıӰĲѣͷů˿˿ⷺҩԵǻҪ
ϻͷлγ۾֣سŵޱزΪί
ţлԹԵصͷڶѵһӶԺլ֮ģĽǳ۰ĸףˣлҲżĸ߶ϱʱҲǳ˲ŵĿġ
һ뵽ΪʵۣкܶŮˣǲҲͬϲһϲˣǲҲάһȥάõŮӣһ뵽л˫չԲԲ۾ĴӺ󷽵Ŷϡ
ܸܵŻСޣл˿й֣֪߰ʲôȽ˴ȻڵĴ£Ϊ۽޵ϸѩʵǲ𣿡
˫۽л°͵Ķͷοȴлһ
лǲԸֱŮ˶£վڶϵĽǶ룬Ӧкܶ಻Ѱɡлһĺӵģͼ˵ԼǹԼأӦûţ
ǲɴʸףϣʡԺ϶ԽԽл̽ʣл˵㲻Ѿ˰ɣ
Ц⽩ϣȻŮӣֺЦлΪϲ˵»ҹǾϲ˾ͲҪ
СǸҪǿ֮ˣҪĽһˣҲģ˲ıϲغŻҶСˣ˵ΪɾĺܣĶģͷ˿ǣӺˣΪ
һлŲԸ⣬һ˲ͱ˵ߺҶӶ˵ġô鷨
ֻ֪֮ڴϱ˯˾ҪЩʲô̫Ӧĸǰ̸ģʲôǵˣĸ׼Ҳˣͷһί
ʪۣϣǺ㡣ڻʹĸߣνŮӰĽ㣬ҹֻһһˣ޷ҵĸܣƭңҾȥ
ȥ۽ǵˮôܲлĵĹµ壬֪̫󲢷޵ĸȥֵǽŮҲͬκιϸ𣬶ǳͽˡټĻʹУҲֻ޵ķޣΨһˡ
˵ϴͷл䣬ȵɨлļЩһƽƿȴʱһ̰ůĺӣЩ֮С
л϶һǴ쵽е֣Ҳǰ˰֡
һ˲ָ̬лİ۵ָ⣬⿪ڣؼ𣿡
лסԻؽ
ţؽףף磡
ǰֻĸףҴһл˵˼ʤѷᡣմ̫ίӦ벹ǣϾôϲȻܴʧ
ȻӦˣգ޲ϳҲûôˣ޴һ˽ˣøˡ
лϲڶˬرӦĻϲڶ϶˷ܵȥ˫ۻסĲе˵ŷãؿĽüۡ
˽͵͵ô
գһͨͨҹӳϵŰ°ɫĳ֮ݵ壬һŵû˵֮
лŮеܽɫȹͷȫһɫİ񡣰ȹԵϸϺʵѹĶů׸жȻ㣬Ե΢Щˡ
ﱧŸ޲ӵů¯Ŷ˺ë̺֪ʲôëŵǺů͡Сһ̵ĲˮлúųźһеĻ̫ˡ
·УʱʱĿ˾ҪУелƼǶϱĶСԻů֣һ·Ṧɻؼң
ʹԶʱ֮ǰлеͣˣ⴫СӵϣˣлЯҾڸſӭء


12 ظ
ϲСڵϰںõİתȥסлС۽ȵСģϻ
ĺ紵ϸ̣ܣлƤУ᲻ܷ磬汳ñ£
лڶģ˵ů
ȣָ䣬лҪ࣬ͽ
ִ̧лԴ˽ůͣ
ţлͷǣϵǱߣͼ˼ȫĵֳߵ׹ŶϺ
л᲻˹ڱʯϣüؿӣСץ
ϸһᰲ񣬱ˣҲģ𱰣ȴ顣
лɿϣСǰڵߣֳһЦȻһȺӵأҪȴȥ˱ߡ
еĵλǲߣ
Сں뽫Ĺܼʹ͵ƷлΪһ֮ŵۺȥá
л׵ĸ첲ȸԾһԡؿ򽫾һһľϲѣ뿪ôãһ仯ûС
лһʹӣŮǰϰΪļҾȻ˵ʲô֮ƵġŮĽǶ룬ȷʵ뿪ܾˣл˴Ȱ˵ţ۾Цȥбǰĵ⣬Զļңô䣿
һ͹۲лˣҲϤлͬĵطһлĹȥʱлһᣬġ
彫ѾյǻãǵͿ๦ߣսպգ۹ʹĽƱʤлҲ˵ǷʵͣҲҵ׷ˡ
ǽĳϾɣֱͨͨʯ·ͨ԰мȵس˼ŹͺͺϸС֦Ѿϻвѩ·žӨ͸ıŲ֪ж
ԼĪǴӽûô󶯹һأȲݻĻʹҲȲĹٵĸۡž£Ѱ˼һ㡣
лҵĶׯļҷлݵΪܲɷ֣лĻг󣬶۵ЦѹôҪǿ
лۺݣ˵׻ҲĨǣǶŮŮҲˡ
лף˷ԣлֳлİĲ֣΢ɬﻹǱ˵ġ
ֻǼСŮݱǸĻʺ󡭡
ӳˣֱͦˣл˽еĸ
մƽ׽ˣһĶŵɣׯسƺǰѳȵлл˾ˣлܳæ¡
õãܻϵ񡣡
лҲҪ¹򣬹ϵǶԵûҾ֮δԹԾӣ۱ֱôˡ
лл޵Ļʺǽƽʮ꣬ܵһ
лǰĸףȰ˽²ϵİɡ
Ůֱ䣬л˸Ŀ֪࣬˵ŮʲôŮܲعأû繬ŮӰһһжߴһ壬˵׻ǻϹߵġ
Ը谮ŮǺ£л̹ȻܣɡǻʵƴŮҲͲŮڹﲻùˡ
лԶԸе϶лҵ̬ȱˣδԽ֮Ϊ˺ƭã֮ˡ
ϸеһԲƵĿ⣬õתлԶǶЩ֮⣬˸磡


13 ɵ
һ˸硱лԶϺëΪڡ
лЦϣ̬⼫ˣֻŵ˵ɼϻǵһˡûϵмξˡ
ԺҺͶϻ᳣ǡ
Ȼû飬˳лĻŵ
л˴Щ͵ع۲ϣѰ˼ҿϴŮҵķ֮٣۵ǽ¶һݵٺͳ谮ŮǾŮúùӰɡ
лԶ븸׶һֵۣϣɷ泼ȥ鷿
леղԣˮвزסǵؿŸֺͷϵ䡣
ϻ֣ؿοţ޹ͻ
лף븸ʲôҪˣ࣬̽׵ӶŲ¹¡
תлĸףͿлЩŭؿȥķɻ󣬡ôˣ
л˻ɫ£͸絷ҡ
⻰˵лͷԣ׷л˲ԸԣֻͬϺúõģìܡ
˵ϣлһҪĸףͷ޼˯һ
л˴Ȱׯ̬άֲסŮ˵޵ʲô˼ѯʣ¶㲻֪ûк㡭
ǳһЩ˵̫ףָ򵥱Ȼл¶ؿĸף֪˸ʲô
л˷˫֣ɴε֪֪ˡ
лҲ֪Ͷһ׵ľˣɶ⼸նֻرֵַصů¯ûˣлֲ˼ֱʶϣҲ˵ףŴ˵
л˺ضһ䣬ͬʵ֮ǰûԲ
Ů빬һˣϰڳһʮ嶼ޣܲлʧǰҲǸűӴɡ
ǿ϶Ů̬ӦǺܳ谮ģлһʱò׼ע⣬ȡ˱СлζصغˣԼ͵͵
лʺһ꣬Ҳ֪һ궼ûʵֻͬûСл˾бҪ½̵ŮŮ֮£ʱѹ׵ĻŮ
л书ؼæвغã·
лǹ˼壬Ҳ롣
л˼ȥöϻǳ谮Ůģʧ˵ŮŹǲǹ֣
лȻע⵽ӵŮǰһСѾ֦δ֦ĴŴȫ˸ʲлϲ֦һֱͷлƾЩϤϳ
ĸףҵѾôˣлȵ֮ǰΪβԼϤѾߣԭǱĸˣ
лƳһŸ˷ȴɵĵŮţԼҪˣ
лҪʣС˵ȥ鷿תĿҪһȥ
л˾ܾԼڸߣһȥͺá
лûԵؼ֣Լƺųڼ֮ͥУĸֳͷ鷿Ψ¡̸۹º뻽׹ȥɼ˽ˣǲʲôɣ
ˣ⼸˶֮ˣܲẦлſģϸϸѯ֦Ϊûһ빬ûһϤ֮ˣį
֦Ѿ˵л£ֻֻԼûСߣСɻʵصū澵ʱҲСС㲻Ըū澣ū澵ĴūĲá
лĵ׵ʸӱŴֻ֦飬λ֦õѾߣͬһ𳤴֦ϰΪ˽ҲܵôܻԵ޹ʾ֦أ
֦лʱĻֻϡǵãСʱ˵ҪȥģԿǵл鷳Ͳū澽һܿˡ
л״סʱѵǱϳȢϲϲ빬


14 仯
лһסеĲƽ׷֦ȢǰҶ飿
֦һ΢΢°ʼϸ˼һСѾߣͱֱɣĲʶܺ棬֪Сͻûڳɻǰϲ϶Էֻ֪ǰȷʵʶġ
Ҳһ֤
С㣬ū澲֪뷿ױ̨µСһһλӣǰսȥġ
л֦ĻˣʱжôӵĻ񣬸֪˲ôȣ
˼°ˣȱʧЩı˲١
ǻӾǶϣӦǳɻǰϲԵãɻҲ˳µ飬ء
ʵǰĽȴǿȡ᣿
лһ̻Ȳȥ뷿˼ȴЩȥ̽ࡣڹΨһ׽֮ˣ⼸ն΢عػ֮ûһдҲȷʵСС֮⡣
δ֪ڴĲлԥƬ̣̲סЦԼǶ˵ľͱøˣǴֺη˶ͬ˽ȥ
лתҪȥԼĹ뷿üͷһŰȹżųȴǰȥԺӾڸĸڵԺһ࣬븸׵鷿Ҳ˳㿴Ǽ˱˵ʲôҪôʱ䡣
һ·˵񶼱ְڰڱʺƺڶﶼòôϲˡ
ƽ̹΢ʪʯ·ʪ֮͸Ьʴףľĸолפ鷿ٽһɶϳˣȻĸס
ǿվȻʮֳԾлȵؿŶǰ꺮ůһ˶ãлŸ
лϸļ𣬴̲סּ޺ܻϲ
лͷβһ仰Ҳ޷֮ϲãֻؽȾ
лŭ˵лڷúЪţǺܿͻȥô
Żűˣһ˶ڣԸԲ
л˰ؿŮл޺ϵ٣ڹͬ˶ݵؿһ۶ѣҲԡ
ʱòŮһͬ÷˸Ůл˺ܾû㻶ˣߴһȥţʺϳԹӡ
лǳЦùȥ뷿һ
лԣλлˡϯ䲻̺ͣ˲˼иллؿеļˣɻôȻ֪ʲôˣ
ǰջڲ׵㣡


15 
л۾ֱֱŶϣκȻôֱ࣬ǵѧ˵һĽ˵׷Ӷŵģ
л̽񣬶Цֻרע£Ų
ĳ֪ǻʵ۴Żʺؼ̽׵ӣ˼Ӳˣζ
лջĿ⣬ƬϸϸƷ۶֭׽͸Ƭ㡣չͷԵû죬ζȻǺ͹вһϰʮζ
ûаʲôӣͬļΧһԲϣͨƽΧһԸ緹һ򵥡Ե̬⣬лֵտʼ̫ӦҲ˿
ڵķΧΨһгǣƺģлһӲ͸лԶ磬㳢
лԶһ㶣ӹлĲˣͷɢࡣֻвˣ
лһ̺Ȼ˸Σյ뷨뽫ϲķֲ뿪۰ĵֳգ
ֻҲˣ¶֪뷨϶ӦҪ
ùлȥ뷿֦˵ǸƫҪһƾ޹Ŷ˹뷿ʲôĽҲ֪
ϸл󣬶ߵÿͣζ觽ն׹̲ס̧ĦлĶ䣬ǲŸͱ㿪̰ˡ
л䲻еĶ䣬ԵӣضŶϲʵ֣ʣʲô
ƲڵϰİѩϣεĶⶼúˣµ㶳˶䡣
һ˵лԾ̧ԼĶȷʵתԼůͺá
ָ⣬һ̵ĴС
л˶䣬֪Ϊʲôһ·źҲƲסɴߵø죬һĹ뷿һžͽ룬Žڷϡ
лԺеĲã⴦뽫Ļ̫һʯС·̨ͤˮ鿣мɫ÷ܿԺǻ˲˼Ƶģɼл򸾶رĳ谮
ɻûȶϸͱлһǿϡǰֱ򴦸ߵС޺Ȼڣʵسлǯƣٰ֣ŵͳ𣬡ҪΪʲô
ࡢ졢סգлĹ뷿ֻˡ
лزԾϸϵۣ룬ϣʵ˵μģ
컵˼ʱɢӿһЦҪ黰ӵлɫ䡣
˭˵ʲô


16 
лϵ΢ɣγ۾ǰ˼İеĶϣһ˲̫ĮЩӶǷʵⲻɵô˼ַ̣±˶˵ʲô𣿡
лֺ̧򶨵ػ޵ʱƸ̧ӭȢʹôͻȻЩ£
ϵϣûʲô֪ĲлȻлɣƫͷţϲ𣿡
ϻסлС壬źȻȷʵ֪лϸˣɣϻӦޱģˣޱٴ𡣡
ްĽ㣬һֱ㣡
жӿлͷȴҴƿϣȵĿ⣬֦˵ױ̨һС룬ϣҪƭң
еÿһзңǸ¶ˣʲôڷ룬ӦòҵֻΪ̫±ƭвȣںܿҵµĳ档лóд򿪣һùɾĻ뵽ԼǺġ
ϲԣ߽վл󣬴Слڴػչ׵ֽÿչһƽҲʿһ㣬δ֪˵̽ԼŮ˼˵Ǻľ
ɽˮı£¶һƮĺӧȻһ׵һַϣԵİںӱˮ
ֻǡ
л˵⻭оȻֻǸӱӰϲһ˼ˣȻжҴţ
лʵ׼ԼЩʲôʱľȫ벻ֱ׵Ϊϲһ˾ȥ˵˾УɢܿԻвһ˼չʾ֮⡣
ʧ䣬ⶼˣ
ϿһֻĪɶſһ;졣лʱ·һƬϿȣеҲģʱϲЦտлסϸԭ޿Ļ
صˣ޻񡣡
лת㣿
ᣬӵлͷ˵ʱ龰ֻ֪лԶԶؿţһ
ʱл㶯˰ɣʱûиκλӦ˼Ǻ
лתͷļϣһ૵㣡
ϸелʱƽʵôôУ
̽𣬡ǡʲô
лҡҡͷȡЦԼûУԴ񱻷ӡ˼Ƶġ
ʹ֪һǸѹл֮ǰøɾ
лϵͷûֻ٩Լǳɻʱ¶ˣǲǺûã
Ͽסļƿ˼ضӣнб˴ˣ֣سŵ޻ٸ㲹һΡ


17 ͵
ϿŶס㶶Ľޣֳŵ˺ˣӰţͬɻһΡ
˴龰˲δģҲò⣬ͬ˵Ļ²Ҫҵƻͬ죬Ҫͬġ
лԼʲôûһŮڴԼĻȻҲ⣬ֻȷʵѾɻٰһΡ
ǲҪˣ
⣬ȥлݣͼġлü۵ʹްϲãˮĴǲԸ⣬ϲ²ַŻţ޻԰ţһ⣬ġ
л̧Ƥڴʵΰ죿
ȻͬذڰһΣ޻ʢʽӭȢ㣬ʮˮϯء
лͲµϻôƣҲܸжǲƽޣǵۺ󣬡Թײлһ𣿡
ǸңǰԹ٣лĹǣֻԹٲһƤӣܸʲô
ϣǸҲҶϣһ²һ¡лǣϵ֣룬Ǿ˹ŰһݺˣѸ͡ԼģҪ񡣡
лż˳˵ЩظԹȰɣǣãǣ׶ͷۡ
ȲöڳΪѣҲԸ͵ĸױŮ޷Իǵ󡣿֮ǰͬϳɹף۰ҲûίҲź
лЩȰţлΪ룬ݣãȫģ
ϱŮӾӵһůڵ⣬Ĭԡʱ̧۲лĹ뷿Ǵİɫɾֻ࣬µİװ㣬Ҿ߾򣬴͸ŸɾϢлһš
лͷһǣ󣬡޿Ĺ뷿ɺã
лʱ£ԥشӦļͣԺУϤ֮ԱҲ֪뿪Щзʲô仯
һָŷе˵ǵǸ״ӱ߽أ˾õʹͣԼСֹ
һݱС𣬡ĺ𣿡
лޱ飬ϣǸӣ
ϽԲƷζţɡ
л֪ںȴǱЦˣҴȥ԰תתǧںҿɺã
ϵȻܾװӷĿڴлߡ
лƳˣˣû˭֪ûϻ˳һĶأ


18 ǧ
庮׵ڽδıѩϷǵûлϺǸˡлʹ꣬ȡůɵýֻٺϻϸСԣһߵС
ôʺϴڷڣöϸǧŲҪǧ԰һǴڲĿ֦棬ʱͬһģЩͷˡ
Ŷ߽л˷ıǰͷߴһ飬ȵһ棬˲ƫơ
л˫⧲ıоŻ¶͸ż¡ƽ壬ۿҪڵء
ɫͻ䣬һȥסлĺסΣȻϽˣţëëţ
лʧظһˣвίţߵ̫ˣ
޹лǲˣƣεӦģúã޵Ĵǰǣɺã
лŴ΢գ°Ц⣬ذָ˶ϡ
ðɣԭˣ
л࣬װƲ𣬡޷ʲôԭ𣿡
Ȼлü˵ɨ˻ĶϣȻ֪ΪΣͷвԤУţǰˣҾϲҲ㣡
ϺȻĬȷȷʵʵѾˡ
ңлѾǧϵĻѩ߸˵ˡʵԼҲܰԼǲź
ϻǳЦɫӦлδʲôлܿļںСȵţȵĸ߶ȱ㲻ٶ
л㣬ǧǸ߸µĸоˬٸһ㡣
ȰţƸ˺Σա
ǧر̹ǣлǸץסȶεģͲȣⵣġ
лŴ󣬻ˤ˲ɣ
лΣԥ˳⣬һץ˾ͽ͵ĸߡ
Цʱ԰⾲ѩΨһտ԰ӣ͸ԺǽפлԶС
л⼸ڹйΣѾ֪˴𰸣лǲ졣
ϲǳʧ˺ƭźÿģ˶˭ܲµλǻǰһ˥Σǿ游
лԶԺţк̽ؿƺΪǧˡʼ֮Ūģβöá


19 ع
лԶǾٽһ׳ǹᵶƲɵлؽŻɫҶгݱֱǰڰããѩһ軭
лֳЩЩ֮˼ֳأ糯ж̬
ǧİڷԽԽСͣǧЦֳ£
лԶؿһ۶ϣ񣬡ϣС̰棬ˡ
лһ⻰ͲˣĹĵض˵ֳ
ﴽǣʵжлų磬޲÷ġ
лԶתã㵱»ϣ棬㡣
ǰҪϵλãֹֺСӵķʽáȻɵô׵˵ȥҲ̫˶ˡ
ңǰĸǧ
ָлļͱϷ˸Ϊд±ͣ޸мػСɡ
лҲ۲תƤҪ磬Ҷˣ˷ãʡţǸҪ㿼ˣԺԸɩɩƣ
лԶδףȻлλ˵صСӶˡû紵ϣա
˼лԶǸע⣬ĻпԼлްŸɫ󳼼Ůӣ
أлϣвԸȢޡ
лԶܾĻиĸţûϲȨ
Ǻãȴ˸ʲôʱ˽ѡޣ޸Ǵͻ顣
ϲϲ˵ԧ׵£ܴлԶ⡣
лԶӦ£ֽ˵˻֪ɫ䰵ɶͳӶѹ𽥱߽ʣʡ
ûعˡлЦ⽥ʧ紵÷֣ţǻ
лܲԸɽȷʵˣһն֪˶£Ҫϳ
˳Ŷǣл·Ŷߣȥ
л˶ŮᣬţɫҲùߡ
лҲǶͷ̣ҹֿ·ϻˮ˱͸鷳ˣǻعҪߺһ·أʵڲףͲȫˡ
лҲֻ֪ͷ᲻˵˵Ůڹչ˺ԼǼ˿մɣء
лţļ䣬תŶСӺ׼ڳǰˡ
лǰŰϣʱ̲סͷֿ۽ĸֳͼһȺ˶ڸǰվյĳȻů˸ǰשߣѩܰѡ
΢΢˸УԶļң
˼£Ƴϵб䣬ǱĶʱЦ̫ˣôˤ˲ɣ
Ȼһͷ
ϵЦջҲлȥںý
߻谵лͶ϶书֮ˣӰǿ˴ˡ׼ȷлߣ໷סţջϲ𣿡
ţлͷڶϼʵļ֮ϣ߶߶˵еı仯ͷоħãȻʶһ䣬˵Ϊʲôļ䣬һأ
泩ڵؾűð˵л˵ЩѰҲ֮£û뵽лһ䣬ȻᵽɤۣƫװżȻ⣬ԼȻɫҲʣǰΪʲôꣿ
ôˣ紵Сӣ͸лǿ˶һ˲µɫҾ룬⡣
ʧ˭˵׼л̬ãڹò벻ûϵ
šϻӦл
ȻһŨȵƮ˽лıǼ⣬ǿζ
쵽ʱЩˣɻعһʱ䣬·䣬ܱŸԵӱжˣͣ
лעϣ˷ܵҪȴһסʲô
Ҫȥ
üֱߵĶҲ֪ɲɾ˹ŷ
ǲһģлţֱֽС¯￾óԣƤָֽ࣬ڼ
ϲЩڵĶ޶ܳԱɣл룬Сȥ򡣡
лϵģһҪԼȥ
ϲģֻø³ͬл


20 ƽ
СӹźðʵţлһַųԯԾ£뻨ԵĺӭζҴǰ
ͿߵÿĶһǣаЦлԵľͱ˼ӡ
Ҳŵ˿ĸ֮⣬ȷʵˣѹлϲ
лȻδۣһϾ·ǱѰՕiɫڣڽϣȺԾñܿ´ŭ˹ˣϺɱ
һޣطòԶл·ߵˣ˾ؿǰ֬绨ŮӲƫеȻվմŲҵĿ¯ǰͷѡ
վλͬʳڵԣӵĿȫȻŮӵϣרעѡ
һ˲䣬Ƕð̵Ŀ¯ʹֲ£һԼ·ˡ
¯ϵذ˰ȦĺѡӦó¯һˡл˿̧ͷЦиտõҪһȵģ
¯ԵĸŮ˻ŷӦУԵȡ
޲Ž¯ĸȻԼ˴źʵ״¯̳˼֭ĺ˵⼸պÿ͸ˣҪĸ
ϿŲüҲܿϰ߲Ľڣ̻ܲСлһƫƫǸڣеȴСĺ
Ϸ޸лϸϸذ˼ֽͬʱѣС̡
лСĽӹ;˵ָϸ˷·һæ֡лЦЦϸˣʾϸǮرź
ִǮһСϷޣǮתȥϷůůĻ¯ǰĿɿڴ
ҵģ𣿡ϸеӣⶼܰһ¯Ӻ˻ò꣬ǼСĳԴöȣѵ˫̲ס
һԵ˽պãȻסӵָȡů
лͷϣƳһĻɵпãһƬ
Ϸл̲סƿӿǶƽķޣ˵㱧ů־ˣԡ
Ϊʲôлͷǲ˲ġ
Ϻлȫǵ֮⣬ںҲ֪ʲôСĳԻӡ
лһ۳Ķϣ͵渽ŵǿ˵ǣȫƾأǳ࣬ϲĻˡ
ºһ⣬ϸƤ󷽵ظ˶ϣڹнʳûԹɣ
ȻԼʣµĴĵس
ЩԥлľжҲ԰ҧһڷζȻǺȻ𣬿ڸԽҲǺº͵ů⡣Ǽͨĳʳȴϡ
ϲһʡ
ע⵽лǶ޵оȻЩĽԼˣϲĶӣֱ߿СƽȴصŮӾϸĸȫͬ
ʵϲƽİɡ
ѽлźشţȻȢ׵£ţϣ֪˭Ůֳ𣿡
ϸ룬гӵļҾ˽⣬ȷ֪ͲģҪлֳѡˡ
Ʋǣ̸ҪŵԣŮ²ż汸ãлԶҪϲЩźá
л˼룬ֻԼ˼ʱ飬ͬͲ֪࣬ڳûУʵ½ҵĴСл䣿
룬㻹곤һ꣬ǰ˼ҡ
лҲûʲôϤҲʵڲ࣬ҵĴСأ
Ҳˡ
мãлԲĵ׷ʡ
˼Ƭ̣лǼδŮҲʮ꣬綼ʮˣȲġ
ˣлıϱ뷨̫ҲʣҴ̫ˡ˸żǸҴǸӲӣȢСֲ̫ˣί˼ҹ
Ǹ
΢УлԶŮ꣬ͬл꼸һлǲͬҲС
𣿡
л֪룬ֻΪ𰸣ϸϸǿǿţаɣֵ׳̫ࡣص¶˾ϵÿ죡
ǿάЦݣԳԽлĻԽǵ·ܲ˼ǣڵĻЩ֮ˣǵϵÿ˻У
¶ˣ
лȻһҼǵǲи켰ǵŮ
СǰҲ뵽ˣҵˣУ
Ϊʲôлò뵽ģȻֱӻؾ
ϵЦֻشţ粻ϲġ

ڶ糯϶֮ϣƵźķ·ˡ
ûд·ҪǸټԱв£ٽغúβְ꿪ͷ糣λ󳼻㱨չֿŲ֮ͬ˸ִһʣ粻ݡ˵ˣ¾һ¡
ȵ鶼źãһʻҪ¿˳ȥл˿Ӧˡ
ƫƫвʶȤ֮ɨˣʷУб࣡
ǲлһ


21 Ȱ
ʷֵڳվԵøͻأ˵ĻᷳԽԽüͷɨսսˡ
лҽŮ޷һ빬һȻ޹޾أʵѵŮӵ䷶
ʷĻ쳹տãһһƬžš˸ڶɫ˵ʲô
ʷз飬̧ŵƤǰ΢˫ȵͷվţܵϷͻȻϮѹ̾ة˸øɵĲ¡
лһ佫УʷĻֻͷԣƸʷ˵ʲô
ȴףлڵ̬ȡ뻳ɣԻάлףŽӲŲǿŵʷЦһʺǺбŮӾˣʷ޵ļѵҪй嶼һ飿
ʷȻ̧ͷϣûһմŻʺؼʡ׵Ҳʵڲ񷨡
ŶЦԽΣգӦòޣ
ңʷ亹Ӷ们£Թة࣬ҪԼԲʥֻһʱԻ󡣡
޿ǱʲôԻǣԼʥ鶼ˡ
ϺƲɨ·ʵʵվһԲة࣬ʷʺǰЩΪ޵֮̿˭˲֪Ůһʺ㣬ʺһ޶лȻܵТĪʷ֮Ҳݲ𣿡
Թ壬һ˵ʷδˣһȰɾԹ٣ǽӺݺݵڳϣٹٵ治䣡
ʷվסӣɫ죬ةܵŭԼժȥةİѱŲ⵵Ӳ¡
浱֮ŭͷʱǺˣ޺޵صһ²ؼة࣬ʷߵף֪ɻϴҳһŮֹУСŮŵģ毺ãԸ빬з̻ϣֲ֮
俴ⳡ־ݱ䣬ʷ밵ةַˣةŮʷةΪͻŮŲͣ⡭
໥˺ҧ־絹ǲŽƣϲԸʱ˷棬лڵȥʷм֪Ů޲ţξܷ̺ޡ
ʷ
ֻ˵ǫһ£ôˣ
ة෽һ˲ЩţŮڹлûͷǻʷ֮ǣŮѹδǸ÷붼û;ܾˣةؿϵԳ̫ˡ
˵󣬵ʷŰʺ󣬷ٺ»úʡݸЦţŮǳޣةСӲ޸Ǵͻ顣
ةСӱ軵ˣǸѧ竲ݰʷŮһ̰壬˴һԣʷةȥɣʡý̩񰲣ﳼг˶ĺ󹬡
ʷĿɿڴпֻܱţ̵ּл¡
˳һ̫Ÿ糯ˡ
л£ϿעҲûʲô֪̬ͬΡ
պòͬлļ˹ϵЩȴ۵˽һȥл
лڰϱ߷űС˼ȫˣ˻еӡûҲ㲻ô󰭣ٿҩúˡ
⼸Ե嵭Ϊ˱ӰҩЧҲֻܺ¿ˮйѵˡϷСӹҳģζȷʵһ㣬Զ壬ڻظʡ
ն糯ʱеãС뱾Ҳûδ۾ۣϴȥ԰ߣ˳ȥʲôʱ
ǸߵſڣûüȥһСŮ˵ţչֶŮˡ
лһĽŲ˻ϸ˵˽нԶֻ˵Ůӱ־ò
ʱͷ±һɨգתعȥѰϣĶ糯ǲʲô£˳ۡ¿ûбţأ
ϻǳǳİ״ɱҲòˡ
£ô磬ȥЩ¡Ҳģģ˸ţԻʺƽϰΪʧǰʺƶ⣡
СţҪȥ
лĪŷĺóԣ
ڹг϶ˣճԸôԸĶ͸ϵˣ
лԾˣ취סѽȻյŮûɣԺҲǧǧŮϵģ
ǣлЦ͵ң
ϲңװҵˣǲҲߡ֮ϲңϲҵͬʱҿϱŮˣ
л߼۷̾ʺȻͬѰŮӡ
δ̧̤ͨĶϣڴ˵Цݶϣڿ䲻ȥ


22 ͷ
лһ仰˵þͷ㣬·ʲô¶ŭ˶ϡ
ϣ
ϥм
׺˵߽лʾⴺ£ļϣ洺еظȻţ˭޵ˣ
ʻãһлĻˣΪ֪ܲԸͷϣлˬţװģ㵱Ǹɵģ
϶ͣʱֻл˵ͬŮҪôϲҪô⻰֮ǰʲô治֪
΢һ£Ѳ³ܵԭ򣬶̽ʣ֪糯ˣ
Ÿ糯ãԼҲǸոߵлѾ֮ʱ֪ˣ󹬵Ϣÿǿ죬ȵ׷ʣ˭ģ
лʵŪˣתţ֪
лᣬϼæȣȻ޵֪ʲôУ
Ȼ󻺺һ顣
лżȻϵ£ִҪȸ͡
һִл̧ȥСЦ̫ܳۺˣЩеµĴ󳼾Ͷһһ鷳
ô˵ҵĴˣлͷĶϣĹĵسա
ָһй˵ĻȻлǣȫǵĴ޻Ǳ졣
л˳ˣһҲûôϾûսѾúܺˣԸһ糯˳ȡͺһ룬ϲûԲ£Ǻġ
Ըޣ˭糯˵𣿡ϺȻл˼ǲŹʼ⡣
л룬֯ԣҴȥѰʱǰСŮ£Ҿ֪ˡ
ⲻˣôʲôѵ
üͷⲻƣɱ֮ˣȥ˭ڻʺ޹ǰҽӡ
лȻ򣬡ϣǹŮǹ֪ģ
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23 
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24 ֿ
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25 鷿
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26 ٺ
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27 
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һֱ۾ˣͻҲȼлŷл׼ЪϢƳСϵ໨ƿƿڻһȦȥڽϨδϨĻ·Ź⣬עĿ
̾Сһƿ̫ҽԺõ֮ͨҩȻҪôÿƿװȻǵʵ۵ˣ
һȼһɫлǰ׺ˣۣϰԵ̽ȥճĴƬλá


28 밲
¶ڿеı˿лָ⾹̰滮᲻뿪˿ûϵ뿪ʣϰߵʽһ˰ȵ˯š
ڱȣл΢СԴ˯ȥһ˯
գлոùţ׼ʱ䣬ȴ밲ˡ
лšüͲˣЩҲϲǸҷ˻ɷк

Ȼܾ
һ̶ܳȥͨл¶ȥһЩС߰˰ˣʣЩ̫θڵģҲʹպſɡ
һǰ£δּҴҵػŰƴһΪѵӡ
л˺£
ζū˵Ӳʲ˼ͣЩҩūҲ˵ǻء
лһǰС˵ĴӦҲߵеĻлҲر뿴ֽӲϣرĶ˰ɡ
ôлߵõλȣ°ڳ䣬ֻƮƮȻ´أߺ׵̬ϡ
ЯĿлׯ浾̬üĿ񾲳ȣһǸʧǰµĻʺ
׹ŸŴű𻤼׵ָڵϣв֣Ըл˲ˣҲǻʺӣơ
л°Ͳֻ۾شſϥǰͷλ䲻ȴҲѵûˣһʱпãؾĬƬ̣ع
ڵ϶ôлǹͷȴҪϹŵЦݣЩҲ룬һЦδСŮҩ
ЦǼҸʱʱյϲΣ빬ǰҸó檴˹ɳ̲ܵŻʺˣⶫﲹӣҲ˶꣬ĪҪǡ
лĮɨһۣ޹»ôҩģҸɲҪˣ޴󰭡
еȰţ㣬˰ɣⶼǵһƬ⡣Ҫ˲ͿĨ֮ЧЧȲϻӹõѩ࣬ȴҲ̫ࡣ
ѩࣿĪǸ߷Сƿװҩ
л̶ġáзעǱĺˣ˵ѩǺ
Ͷһ˲ͣлȻ֪
ԼﰵܶҪѩ࣬ϧԼŪϸС˿ڶϻؾˣлԼҩȴһ֪
ʵûסЩʵԸؽţ귬Сһλҩʦ֮ҩϸ弡˶Ĩƽ˵һֻƿһƿͱΪƷ⡣
л֪Ǿ¾ҩƿԭװҲǲ֮ôҩϵҲ̫ڼּˣ
ͷһҪú
˿̣лĶ΢΢Ĵ⣬ɵȻһЦתЩпصջϸùһΣƿûˣҲ̫ˡ

ͷ
ЦŴԲ۰ʺ檵ĽҲ;Щౡ֮ûʺ尲ͬϺͺ
СŮʵŴһľϻ¶лư״׳˲͸롣л²УҲ֪ϲѰﶼһмƾܵⱾյˣҲ֪ϻͷһݣϲջȥɡ
ݵؽӹŮеľϻ͵лǰҲãǲ˼գ檱ʸš
лɵôĵ׿ܣ˼ΪΣʧһμƽƽ˵ϤҲ㲻ᣬֵ׳Լ֮
Ϊ¶鷳ϣϻ£Ͼѩ඼ˣһ˲ʲô
лתͷʾⴺ˲£л
æľϻ˹ȥҲҡ
ѻͷĲƽϲΣתƻ˵ǰЩӵɣ㣬Ůһһֱ㷲Ͻ㣬ֻôΪתĪҪˡ
лǰЩǸ֦ŮӣˣƫҪȴҲʲôΪϼᶨվһ͹ˣƽЩ
ʱһǾͺãǺ󹬽öһˣнⲻìܡ
ǼʰĽ˵𣬡⼸ջҹҹ޽ĽˡŻǰһҲȥλõĹЪЪ
⻰лŶԶ̼ҡҡ׹ǰȥŮ˹˯
סĵĲ죬ֻǺ𣺡ǲǵЩˣһ󹬼Σȥ˭ģ


29 ̫
л񵭣ʵ⡣
Цģ⣬ǰ󹬣˳һʮʺ⣬żҲ檺ɴЪϢա
лϲȴоκˡһֱƣϲ˴ôһֻΣġ
ǲûڹأϸ
ϸţŹлһ˿һʲôûлΪȥǳԴ׸ġɾż˻ϵĳ谮Ҳ޷ĵλԸǷ
֣߬ʵȥ¹ȥһ˯о͸Ƿơ֪δлƾ⼸ջϵϸĺǻҲ뵽ضǳúܰɡ
εлϸ֫ɻл˵ó裬ΪλûáĪʲôë
֪ˡлǳЦŻӦۺزлл߱Щ
֪ΪлĻзëлìͷƺǶ׼ģ
λ±ذɣ㲻ˡ
лһŲһֻذڰڣϿ͡
ֻ̧һӣЦ𼱣˺̫ýõòˣȥ̫˼ǣЩ
лǶѹ̫ͬԸʶҪؾתһϾ̫Ķϱƽϳ趨ʡѵãҪͨѫһᱻЩĸ
ڹΪΪжš
û̫ٲҪ˵̫ǣȣֱӾܾδԵ̫Т˿ʵ
лȻЦȥ̫ѡ
ôһ⣬ֻΪɣһ̫ʵĿġ̫ʲôǣлɲ¡
ʺ˵꣬񣬡檱㲻߶Żʺˡ
Ǹˡ
лͷôͶ˳ţصڼͷСϵҩƿţ˼ϲƭ
գлױϽǰ̫ٹѩڣȻйʱɨϻǳʪŢϵصķ°ˣ̫ǰҲ̫ʧ
ֻ밲̫ҲĿŵضʲô
ֹ̫޹лʩʩȻٹﻹɡһȥһ̫
̫лߵͳػЩƣл̧Ҳ̫ɫҰܣ´һīɫļаͷ챦ķҲûԳɫ
лӡ΢΢б޵۽Ҳɳ´̫ѨĲλͬǰЩ˻Ƶˣ
лɵú治̶̼գ緢̫ƺȻ˥˲١
̫ǰЩлĲ죬ΪͰ̧лļ米˵⺢ôӣҲ֪ᰧҼðĵ˺Щʱա
л̫Ȼ̬ͬȣͻЦȻԹгԺ󱳹ذϧ֮⣬Ҫл㴹̬ǳ檲Т
̫ʲôע⣬ˡ
̫ţ㰡
л³ŷ֣ǸտĻȺšлŵȵɫƵֱȷʵˣ볢Եġ
ίѣθڲóԲġ
̫Ҳǿֻ𣺡˵¾ֵ˵ϲд£
лͷʵ¾ֵҲʲôܣ̫ҲѾ˴ˣ
һ˵꣬ΧųĬɸ죬ʵģƽģģа̾Լûлĺøܵûһ⡣
̫ЦÿЩпҾ֪ʵӲʯͷƺ«һ棿
̶̫˵ʵСʱ򣬡갧˴ӹҲ밲ڸҵʱԽԽ١ĸˣһΪ˭䡣
лšüý⻰㲻˵ʡӡŵĸϱԹӶˣϱ˵ʲôҫֻ
̫ҲûָлӦֻƣ۾ЦŶлԸϷ˼ҲܻϲԽԽӲˣиСһðұ֪ˡ
л̫󡰴Ļ⣬Ůӳ׺ڳǰӲ£Լӱãתƻ̫󣬡ĸˣ̫ҽ
̫󷽲ż仰ڸɣһȲЩŵëˡ
лĥʲôʱֳԲ˵ҩĸ̫ȴ̫˵ǰȥ𣬸ﺢ˳塣
лһ̫ʱء
̫󵭵:ůЩ˰ٻع
лͷʾ֪ˣ̫еʺЩװӶҪϸ׼Ǿ̫Լ˵İźˣҲðЩ
ţͨϼݵ
̫Цؿлʺ󿴿ӣΪνˣ


30 
ҲźЦĽص٩лʱΧǲŸˣˣƤӣƽʱл䣬Գ֣βҿۺЦ
ϽˣֻҴҿлһۺ̫
̫ҪŪϣϿɲ뿴Ұɡ
ϲЦе룬ĸ˵Цˡ
̫û£ڸָȥЦںľϡ
л̫·ţӣüĿͳؿŵϸС·רעѡ
ƽʱѵüһۻϣɼˣһ۰Ͱ͵ţ񹴻ˣɻϸ⿴һۣ
ɨлľǲ֪Щʲôпġһ
ջĿ⣬϶̫ĸҪ빬ĸ󡣡
̫΢΢ף̶һûʵ۶ʺ󣬱ˡ
Թصͷ߷߿һȥĵۺӰ̫̲סһ䣬ӳʵ۾ûɲñˡعأŪ
лŮô죬Ҫȵʲôʱ򣿡
ܰлйȻʵʵš
̫ĻŴǣĬƬ̣Ȼ󽫴Ƭʸ̫󣬡ĸֶŮĸ㣬úЪϢֶŮˡ
̫ŮӹƬ⣬£ųľʳʵ̫Ƭ⡭
̫ƳһۣǼȥ˰ɡ

̫ٹлһ۶ϾͣŽ촦ߣϴæ׷ϲŰ£ͬпɺã
лɤǧ֮⣬СˣǻԼɡ
˵꣬лԼȹŤͷߡ
ϻȥ̧ŽļλˣΪŪȹӶ߲лɴ˱һһִֻ´ΰ˹ڻС
лȻƫƣССһֻֻƽУԾϼϷţ漴ʲôŶϵŵɿȥ
ۺ壬лҶ֣ңްͻ޹ߡ
лס̵Ȼȥĸ˹ڿɡ
ϣγԣ
лһ밲ʱˣǰ㲻ǰƲƽҲǻڱ޹ġ
ϸ̣ǰĨޣ
Ӱˣûǣ
лŶڵӣҲ˵ѣ֣ڵ⣬Ҳӣ
л¶ˣǿ򶨣Ʈɴ̧ͷ߱ƲʣȻǣǶһ޶ġ
һ²Σ
̫æ㣡Ժһߴ粽룡
лŶϾͬһ²ܸ˼ٵģȻٻȴӲ˵Ů˾Żǰжæ۵еģ
ϣ
ԽԽˣض¸
ϲԸ⣬ɻ˵ʲô
лִڶϱϣһϲΣòϾսⷿˡ
̫ҽ鿴⣬û¡Сӡ
лû뵽磬ȷʵеڲãԺҲûõʱϲα˳ȥȴ⣬Ҫͷϵġ
ԶϸпҲ̫СĽˣЩǺõġ
ת˵𣬡̫ҵ̬ȱ˺ö࣬岻뿪𣿡
⾫װ磬׼ٹʱʱ̫̿ѣǾȻʲôûУ̫ҪһʱգӾ͸ˡ
ıҪġ
л棬̫ˣƺţ
ϱģ̫ϲӣ㲻Ҳ˺Щ꣬ܲẦ㣬˼ҷˣ
ЦţȷʵẦޡ
ˣϲٶ˵˷ºл£죬ָů֣ȥЪŰɣǵ˵Ļ
ţ
ַл࣬ʣˡ
ָлںжշȣˣȥɡ
ȶ뿪лԺСŮȥ̫ҽôⷿϲҳ
һԣźлư׷۸ӵϲҲʲôãźסȥһе̫ҽ˵
һλ̫ҽǰŸźŵˣлʶλ̫ҽԱţо̫ҽ
лôùȥλ̫ҽ
һ飬λ̫ҽһΪ˲μֵǣǲɶ֮
ⲻлģ޵ʣλ̫ҽס
ģϲûбֽš
λ̫ҽӦûлᴮܹͨûʲô쳣ˡ
Ǯλ̫ҽлԼӷִҪӻĿܲľֺɡ
ӷ˸׳죬·ĵĽ˳žصһŵ÷ֽ


31 
лһ㶣ɫСֽžһ˵ϣæеľȥ
ССһƬֽչָĿȣֻдһ֣
лɫȻֽ£ģȥλСŮȥ
ϵţлصõ£չб˵ֽƬ˼һ䲻׵ѾָǺ£
ӴҲˣлǸôֶεˣԻὫ˵ò̫ӣͻЩֶ̼óϣ̲̫ˡ
ѵۣСˣ
ʲôŵأͬһ밲Լõģ˽ϵ
ǱֶԸ
лǳǳһĪʹ
ôŲ۵ֽϲҲѪˣǶúüһᷢôϢıҪˮƯˡ
Ƭ̺ˣŹůĶܽɫĹװ϶һůƵĹ⣬˶ɢ͵ĸо
лţȴ㼴عڵϣߵͬȫһɡ
лһ𣡡
лʺ
ɤתŮɫչȶõ״̬ײּ䡣
ˣ˵źֻлˣͼž羲ֹһ㡣
л쵽ǰչһֽȻѯʣʲô˼
ü죬ϲɫԱȻˣ檾֪ϸ緢
лȻؿһͣɤӣǰ£֪ǰ£檣һֺͬûϡ
лʾ˵ɻ⼸նŸ밲Ļᣬȥ̫檵˾̫ǿһۻϡ
л̣ǰѶ϶ںͦ͸
ɳ檾ãϲֻϧ³ٷ˼ҲùͶ룬˵˵Ȱ֪˵ʲô
ɫȻýţתɤҲͻȻлһ׷ʣʲô
ͷܣȷڿտ˺ŵ˵кУһҩ
⣬л棬˵øϸЩ
ٶҲҲδͬ檶˵ֻһ䣬ͬΪλĳ檰ѣŵ³ֳ֮һ
лüĿ˼ĻжٿŶȣ£ǣΪҪʱ֪뱾ͬһ𣿡
ͷ˼ЦЦû־ֻ⹬ﰲȴá
˵̧ͷԲؿлǲǵˣ檵ĸµɽײٶݡȻպлԵ˸ĹְҲһֱ׵ĺãʱ볼檼мŮ˵𡣡
лȷʵ֪ʱ˽⸸׾Ӫе£׸ǲ¹˵
ּг檸빬ʱǸССˡ⹬߲ȵ͵ģʱ˿˴󲡻˺ҽһ£֪˸檽е̫ҽ
лЦҲǱİɣǹˣ
Ī˵ǻʺ󣬾Ǹͨ˼Ҳ̲סһѡ
峺ˮ£û
лͷ֪ˣлл⽫¸֪Ժ󱾹ѡл˸ȥ
ٵذڼ֣Ҳңܣû׳໰ʵ
лܾСѼӰ򣬲Цһ⣬ڱ÷
ϲصͷȴ֮

鷿
Ϸ鰸ϸ߸ۣſαϣʱʱʺɰ湴רעӣᰴű𣬡ʺʲô
СһյȲ蹧ϣ׵ػϣ˹أ
ϰѨλͣ£ظʺţ
л빬߰ĺܣʼҲҪɵĹȥֺûʺ󣬶лܾö֮˺ŮӹĶҲΨһվں󹬸λŮӷѾĻȴ޶ԵˣǶķ֮ˡ
֮ǰʵڹǰһͬŶǲܾҲ
ɲлʧǰŶרȨȻڣģȨ
Ҫлֿض
ϲԣһʴԾеıʶըëˣ


32 Դ
Ǻܱ׼Ĵҹ, Ͷ䶼ǱµķϣͷһڻʺǰţӽС΢, Ų֡
лˣּ̧һӽ˿Уд跹ġ
ӹźɫ֭˿, Ѿŵ, ܳصͷл, лջؿӺͷССڵس
Ϥζƺʺķ˱еĸӿɿ, ŷĲ֪ΪλĲ졣
лע⵽Ӿн, ׵СϸϸʣǱסܲͿеӡȥ, Զ٣һӲ˴붼ҪĶ
һͬʱͲᷢлϸţͬĳԷһ, ˳Ĭɡ
˼䲻ԾͣеĶŻع
ϴԺиϳ, лͷרעš
ûдлʱһЦ, ȴʲôҲûж, ùţҪˡ
лҲǿ, ·Сģ˽һ·ͻغ˽
ԼĹĵĶ˼ţһӲ˻ĲٶĶ, ⲽʳߵŶϹ

鷿ݲùţСЪϢ׼һ£ббϣϸŰغɫƤë̺л˱ⷭʱסһҳþòпշ֪룬ʱҴҷٶ࿴ʱ䳤ƣ˫ۡ
һл˲侫
ѹϵĵ£¹ڣϽһķ۵׺ϣҹķһ˿©Ум䴩εع̶ס
绻³ֻһɫƳڣҪֻϼɡȷϴ
·ϲƬ̵ʱ䣬ƿŸһȥͼлŶüͷԽǵ߸ͣʱŲѣǰ˱סĵʵܣ
лίֲ˼ر죬Գˣ
ϿЦãתȦĺ󣬱Ϸţһ̫ҽθĲ衣
šлͷȻɫ˵Ϣ
һлĶӣһ߶˵ֱµȥ
лڴؿŶϵķӦƽƸ֪ӵֶûͣ
л̲ס׷ţ㲻ʲôʱǸҩ𣿡
Цһ޵ó
лڶϸ첲šһѣ㵹ڴˣ
ֽ̧лȦ׻׻̵⹬Ǽ˽֮ҩɶȥˣ÷ЧͬϢģԳΪ֤
лǵģǲСˣʲôˣ
ҪƽʱСˣʳҪϸ顣Ҳ˼һһ
лſڶϼϵͷֻе˵ʱ֤֤ȫſԶ͵ǣҪһֱãǾҪͣĵȥ𣿡
޼ӡҲƶϳоһá
лȻ˶ϸס̫ˣ
Ȼһйߵҧڶϼͷźʵöϸоʹˣ
һڣƢ壬Ծ쳤İ𪲱ϣ˼ɵ鷿ϣ¹
ͬлûԲģ֪Ҫ취ֻܡˣ
ٹؼʼҵĲﾹȻҲһЩЩҪЩ鶼飬ڼպĶлԺȥ
ҧᣬлҲɿϺ𣿡
ۣϵ۾۵ףл̫Щмܣ
һǴ
Сȭͷһ¶ϵؿڣľͷ
Ķӣٴѯʣ𣿡
лҡҡͷѾöˣҲ̫ҽθˡ
˭֪ɫȻˣţͬͬ𣿡
ͬʱҲûлſ˽ԼԳţôϲ󹬵һλɶ磿
лŴϵʳ̫СˣҲ˷ʳųԶһЩ״С̵ֳݾǽʿǵһҪϧԷұȲ㣬ܸԸƽ־Ͳˣ
ϣԺһˣвˡ
л͵ҡҡͷвУٳôҾҪˡ
л͵һЩá
лһƫͷϵģ˾ͻֺŮˣŲҪţҪŮ
⼸ѵ͵˼ճԳ˯˯ӣôǷϣȽÿյĳָˣҪʼˣ
ĶһͣлǰûпеĽ


33 ֬
̿Ϯһҹ, лֲѷɫ·Żᱻˣϵлĺ, ܵ㷢Ѿ˿ڣѾȫ˵һִĿڡ
лͷ̧ץסϵŪҵͷˣ
˼·ϻعл޷, ҪǽϹҵǱ, ЩͰµġ
ͷڶ, лĿǰҶϵɫҲ²˼, Ҳ֪ΪҪǰѾݴ˵ÿϰõĽ, ȴûʲôϤУ΢ı, ϲ
ãǾͻ˰ɡ
ϽƤķ˿һã޻йȥˣǱġ
ţлЦ绨, ǰᱧһ¶ϣҪŬ칫ûʵۣ
ͷ, Ӧ¡

, ؿܹŹԵһ, ʺ﹧˻ϷԸı
лӹУڴش򿪺ֻһ, ˷ܵóͨ巺Ľм仹ǶһöŲ̶ͬ͹ʵɫӣŲʶĿ, ̧־ڰػ˼¡
׵Ľҹɫۣ趯ƿ֮ݼ٣л֪ǰѲɶõĺý
ŹСлǰһִŸЦеؽţѽ»ʵʱӵзŮнɻá˽ᣬѵһľϳˣ䷢ɶϡ
һþ̾ôĽⵣģôţ
лƮɵȹӭ£ķת䶨֦ͩϣ°ͣŴŵЦţֻ˱˵ķݣ
Źʱ޿̲ڹ۲յĻʺӦΣʺĺһŵľܷ£Ļȥϸˡ
ͷһںмʺվտŮӣǶĽ̾ѣѽսδùŶŮʵ˻ʺҲǲûˡ
лϲؽùջؽʣץС
ǰŹ̲סһ䣬ﵶۣƽҪպ⽣ǻʱĪҪײˡ
ϳ谮ʺ󣬲˼йأͻʺһѿеĽߣʵǡΣաŹ˼ǻϣϲЩЩūŵĵÿȫˣ»ʺ᲻Ҫ˵
лȻһЦģѽֻһãñ
ŹЦЦˡ
Źл»ǽϣ¾ɽôȥȻ˷ԡ
ߵ齱ʢѩСƿϴμʱŪһƿѩҲĺ٣ҹһξûˡ
СƿغɫĿľͰԣлȴ˵ԺˮɻҩĺʹǳȥľͰԵСӵϴԡƷԼɡ
·л̧׻ϸͰУԼڷŲҩͻˮУͰϷɡ
ϷŵСӣлһִǰڱǶź󱳣ƫͷ󿴣ƬѾʧӰ٣ʱ泩
ѩ໹ʣűһ㣬һΣ˷ѡ
ԡӣлԼպҩڱͿĨûжϸͿͦģǲ֪ΪùŮæ
󾻹֣лСڱϵʱȻؿһСƬƤˮﻹԣӦǳֽӴðġǶڻ̿ȼţƤֻռؿмһСƬ
ϵǷƿɫ࣬лսŵ˰ٺϵζ鷿İٺϻ֪ΪЩУĻ٣
µش£л̵Ըȥ̫ҽûбʪĸ֬Ҫζġ
Ӧϸضһ䣬ֵĻǲģ
лؿڵġ
˫΢΢ͻȻʲôٶʣһ̶˳ȥ
̫ҽί޵ؽ󣬴׼ȷشԼ˼ȡһްɫζࡣ̫ҽָܵ֬ǹ͢طͿĨڽ۵ļϼȲ̼ҲиУЧܺãûζᱻ֡
л˯ǰὫеĹӷлͷ£̫ҽ˵ȡ֬ͿĨȣһΣܼܿЧġ
áлصİ״ɹ޶ݾ϶ʲôֵǮҩӦòۡ
ͷˣһƬ糺졣
лĿܳȥĴݵظп֪ϲ֮ͿҩϰˣصĹӽ⿪


34 
Щлѵÿ˷, ²µõıʼÿյĳխװĿյһһʽȻ
ʼ, ˼к󽥽ıһֱڣϰȻһּҲȥ
СŮ̫ɨѩһ̷ˮͬɨСŮﳹ׻ָ, ã
յ, λĿˡ
, лҲǰ, ԶԶվһԿ, 
ͤ䣬ȵĲˮ, ԵƬ̣ʺԼĪҪӲܹ
ǰŮһ˫۾Цǹ̷Ů, ֪˶٣Ľ, ʺźһġ
ҵҵ, ͤЪϢ
ǰĲˮů, ͤʯԶлֻʺôС, ںһǲͬڹŮ϶ص, ѹֵûϲ벻Ծ૳ǱȲá
ľ˫ֽǰһ̧࣬Լӣַɿصͷ
ӹȥлսʣ˿ˣʽڴŻڵڵͤ
ǰЦߵݣűл
лסоǸǲ˼ôá
˰񣬡ɷˣǳûкóȻǰ
лȽڵ˸ȥط۲ųǼմѩˮŴʵʧ
Ŵ۵лƲۣлΪζ
һڹţ⿴ĪҪ檡
лЦô᣿һҲĵĽһ壿
ɬصͷǾЦˡ
ǰں̺棬лִһһʼƻԣ·磬ӵ־þò䡣
лصţһӺž߳һпţҲó檣
ţлŸշӵָ⣬ţ˲Ƕ㲻ذɣ
̾һ檿ûҪá
л̹Ȼϣ˵öԡ
ȷʵˣʲôĶ
߳һǳҲҪһԣȻ̫ѿЦ
м䴺˼β㣬л˼ڣһڶûϳԣˮҲûȼڣл϶ƤЪ
̧ͷĲžѽ磬ɺã
лӦʡ
̾ͷһԲлƲƫȺšŹŮæµʱѯʣǱߡ
лοţ뵣ģ϶з
ͷỺǳ檱ˡ
ŷ֪λӣ˵ķĲ಻١ǰջԸ˻ʺߵķҪٶÿ˶ǾϸѡϣһݲڵȻͷ٣ÿݶǵĺķѵ˴Ĳûеʺ
ڵķʱ̫ͨ쳹ҡ˿ӣ˲ȥ񣬴æǰлб󷽹ӭݡ
ϳֱлǰ˷𣬿Ȼڵϵƣƽ
߬лְůţһ뵽ΪڣлҪĳӼݣһںվŵ
лݣأǰ
лһʣҪ÷𣿡
ûָϻشлҲˣСȥŷ֪һϼˣ˷ݵĲ
ϳԴϣˡ
ţлɻ󣬡㲻𣿡
ŷʲô
һĬĬŵۺǣȻײ˻Ϭ⡣
üлܲϲлһͬ÷͸Ըˡ
˵Ƚܸ֪㣬Ϊѣʺһ㲻ȥʺǺξģ
ȵ̫أлקקӣʾһЩ
ϳûץס֣һش
ͷͣ۾һлֻ̫ˣʺ
ϲһףװ׸ʺ֪ĵƣʲôֶּ𣿡
ûСûеģ
ϲٶ࿴һۣҲл࿴ ֻб˴ʱĵ⴩л
СӼüŪۣƫͷʹɫͲûװ˵߰ɣϲ뿴㣡
ʶȤ񣬡˵θڲãȥиˡ
׼ϵ˳лв˺ţлΪôأ
˷ݵķ˱Ͷϵˡ
лŲϱ˵˼ǵ㡣㲻Ϊνձˣ


35 Ե
л˼Ƭ, ޽ϸĺڷǡ̫į˰ɡ
Ȼִ̽໨еŪԾĬ, ϣЩ׺ŮΪζˣΪĻܼįȥȴʲôûõҪį
, лٺ, δһп
³ؿڵ, лȴͻĵ䣬ת٩Լ, ⼸ռʱ, Ҿ;һڹ͸ЩʱȴʱѰҲ͸, ˵˵ƣһͦĵġ
Ҳ𣿡Ͼϲѯʡ
šлͷҺ㣬Ỷϲ, ܹµһĿͷ
лΪԼĻٶ˵, ҲԼ, Ļǰַ, ƫƫ־ѹ
ϳĬ˼лĻȻͨʲôлսʱǸ, ԹۺŮǲʵǻįѹлʱÿһη곡ϷôʵֻϷô
룬Ϸϥϵ˫ʶץ, Ū˿°ڣԽǿŲԽ̲ס룬ϴʱֻлһУĻᡣ
лȶӳڲˣֶϻ˫ַûҪ˼˿ԵøţйȥҲɣԵɻ
סһԵлϸ޲ѹġ
ᣡҪңлЦŶ㿪ͻϮֵ֡
СӶһۣʶȤȥÿĿռǵĵۺˣվ
СӴչȥţʺЩӿи׼ʲôϲ
ʱʺô̽̽ʱõڻʺһϢϣðĻһѡ
˼ţʺڹἰϣһ˾Ȳ迴飬ƺûʲôǺͻйصġҪ˵еĻССͺһõ࡭
СӼķӦ֪Ϸʲô
һۣʲôûУϹ
СӣԲ۾ŵˣⲻǴ˵ʺľϲǿ϶еģϧû׳ϸĻСҲ٣Ҳ΢ϵһϢ
һֳָĿǰţǰҪֹ档
Ȼɻ󣬡ΪҪôʣѵǻϸ׼
СתͷӸµصűͷĴһۣСӼҼҵıϹ

Ҳѻʺ¸Сˣ
л˶һţ㿴㣡ź˶ˡ
ϣǸˣ
лƿϵ־ضͷ׷ϼһ͵˶ѿлУԲˡ
һ̡л˶ϡ
ϲԣôֱˣѵΪлеصǲ
Ů۲ҲҪռ㣡лᶨһ˵ģ
϶˼лЦǰԵ
лһӴ⣬ŭһʼȢ̫ŮˣŸҵô鷳
˵лίأһʧ˸ʵۣǧȻڣֻܾλɣǸɸɾһ˵ľС
ţ㲻һ
л̧ͷʾ˵ϣ޵ǻʱ̫ѡͳͣΨȱȥǰȢġҪˡ
лȻһЦ𣿡
ֶһ޶ĸол㣬ͺԼôԸ޸һʵۣԭǴһʼͱӺʹ򶯣빬ΪҲˡ
šϺлЩţ⡣
ùҪ鷿л޹⣬Ȼ̫Ҫȥˣ֪Ҫô̫
Ͽʵϵлʺ֣̫ߵˣֻҪȥͣԸ̫Щ·Ϸþߣʵã̫òҲռط
лӦϼɸ̫ڵĶ֪𣿹ϹҲС
һ˵лˣţģһСĽġ
Ҳȥ˼ң͸ߺˣġϰлļߴЩعܺ
лֵزſ֨֨ѩСӻȥһԵСӣǰ̫ߵŮںδ
Сӿйת˼ôˣ˵Ŀ١֣
ūֻ֪ǰ̫ް̫֮ϲŭ޳ûվʹ١ȥǾ֡ЩûԱ١Ӧ
ΪһƷŮ٣͵ʺ߸񡣡
ϷԸţлһŰɫԹ֪֮֮٣Щ˽֪֮ҲòҪûһЩ͢ҪһЩǻʺ²֣ԺҪЩµġ
ǰлЩСҲ֪ЩĹġ
գգǰ̫Ǽװлױ㾫£ЯŮǰ͡


36 
һͬǰ̷̫ĹŮŮٶＸʮ, еϰ٣ۺλɽ̫󳵼֮һƬѹǰ
̫һɫҲԵõ͵, ͵ŮٲվڻҰ׵ʯϡǰѰⲻҪһ
ۺ˽еǰ̫ţҲǹ, ǶҪúչԼʵƽʱ̫, ע, ʺǵöĹĻʵۡ
ӦԸ̫ߵĹŮһҪտ̫
лǳЦŻӦ, ʡˡ
, 
ں󷽶ʱоһ, ƤöлķԸǰ̫̽ߵĹŮ顣
лһ̫ĸ, ·;ңԶ檲, ﲻȱ, ˸ʵö·ϴƤëʵů, ڶ䱣ůˣܷ硣
ֽ̧̫ӹ, ɵƤë⻬Ƥë仹еɳжȣڶȷʵַ, ͨñﲻЧ
ö
һͣСˣܴ
öһë׵ĴϵڶͷͷſֻСöһⶫŮӴŶһֿɰ͵ӴϾװЦˡ
лغĸöĺɫд˽һչʧ󷽣ǳɫİȹŮӴѹסķء
⺢ӡ
һ˵̫ĲѣٵҲǰ˿ģ̫ѣǰұ˻ʺТġ
˵һֻӣЦǺǵлСлƾһ̫ǿ£㵱ǰҸСɡ
̫˵ˣлҲ˳̫˼лĸ󡣡
Źл۶ֱˣԼ׹ĸȻлˮͷûԷɫȴһֱû˼ĸҪͰװױлˣ
ߣ̫ɳɤ̲ס䣬ҲڣĪҪǣúڹиʺ֪𣿡
⹬ĲçײֶŮǼｫˡˣδӴ»һоͻòһ
һֱƽĸ˵ֻлǰӶƵģвųĹĸҲΥش𣬡ǣ檽ǡ
⹬»ʵۣмʺȷʵʵʵη̫ġ
̫չһЦɳƶ࣬ЦǼ·ۼһижޣϲĺӡ
л罫ʺæʹ
ϼΪʧصʺҾˣ
лаЦͷӦǡ
Ҳûġ
̫󱻲ӣεڶϣʵҲҪŰҳ˵ĻҶΪá
ϣʱˣůĸɡ
̫̾ǻͺһŹŮתһ̫󡱣ǰŮӵУ̫ˡ
ȵٴιرգַл˵ƽɢ˰ɡ
λ۰Ͱŵģлַ˽죬ͬ޹
١ſɻ˳֣ţлȥ˹ֵٰ֣ܶһЩ¡
ţ١ֶúܶ࣬ո̫ö⡣л͵ؿ١һͨһкöҪѧأ
ϣ۵Լ·ָ
лڶϼϣţֻǸտʼһЩ
Խлʺˣ
лһֱУ

ķݼȥʺʵһͬУɿûĴֻһӹŮӵذСɶ庮ЬڵûһȽˣ̲סӿŲЩع
ٿأߵĹŮɺǰȴҼһ𡣡
ֱ֪ͨ˼ЦЦаȥȥҲ޷
˵뵥ɺɲ
˲ɺһۣԸĹŮɺڴ˵Ⱥȥȥء벽Ҫϣһͽ˻ȥ
ߣˣŽĺ棬ıƴһ˷ȻٱϿĺۼڣ޸ˡ
ĽŲת̵ñΪһһ⣬˭֪͵͵ذ˻ʺĴȡ
ȻһЦֲ̧ظű紵ҵϸһҪ˵ô֣ʺٱܾܾɡ˭֪һദʺǸˣ֮ͬ𣬲ġ
ʺʲôԻܽԻˣ
Gվ̨ϣʹ󲻹⹬ùЩˡòϵϲܵûʺƴҲʧǸѡþأ


37 
Ŀ, ϸϸƷζĻȻûʲô̫ԾŮӲͻʵۺ, ʺʲô
ȥ룬ЩˣʺһϸµȴԸίȫɪڻʺñӻ̲סЦʺͶϵģ
վø, ͷȰһ˿ŷ, һ, Ȱɵ¡ҩȻ֪ʺյۺʳǾ, ûֵĻ, Ͷ롣
Ʈںص˵ʲôô
㲻ˣ, Ÿ
Ϊ⣬õĹɸɸɾûм˵ĶڻʺǰңҲҪó֤ݡ
԰, Ƴһһȱ翴ִԲĶ˵ӵ, Цװģ˭أòˡ캮ض, ۺŨŨ, ֻԼع𣬽Ա㡣
Űͦȥ, վ߾þδε͵
ĺȻ, ˵ʲô
л񣬲ע⵽ˣǼòȥŹ£ذɡ
ţ롣

ŽĵۺʱѾ·϶ϸлůʱлȵطֶָмϸϸС˿ڣ۵϶ùεۣʵԺӡ
л۲ѣⶬ䣬ֶҲһ𣿡
µġ⽫Ǳлץղ
ǰҲƤ̫ҽ˱ʪ࣬ͿͿлǣŶϵ־ߡ
ţѿûձԼȬģСһͿͿĨĨ
лקþ󣬶΢΢ʹѲȴҲøˣл㼱ʲô˱ҩҪûζ࣬ϲ֪ġ
˼֣Ҳʹˣһ鷿һ
١ּۺЯصվһԣȵۺ˷Ҳ֪ȤûиȥǴСѾͷ֪ģۺϲ
һͬǰ̫̫һ١䣬ԲɣϲԾŵЦ⣬ڳš
лһ·ǣŶǰ£ͷСϵİ״ɹҫظϿǰô̫ҽõģЧܺգ
Цã޾΢һ㡣
лָմһڶֱϣۣÿζͿöҲ壬ˮˮĺأ
˵л߰ͿĨȣһŰɫĸ֬ӴƤⲻһͷˮɫ꼸¾ȫգһҲ
ϻ˼ָȷʵеظо٣Ѹ½
лļ򣬡ÿͿͿúԼ֡˫ۣܹҴµأɲܶˡ
ЦӦϵʵǱɵģлô࣬˱ɡ
Ȼ鷿ˣúЪϢ
лһȤüѽһǻкܶ๫Ҫɣ
͵޹ǰлͷյ˵ҲæúܣϺöҪҲģ꣬һ鶼ˡ
ЦԷǣ١ֶģЪš
ôУˣȥɣл˶ϣתطн١֣ɫѯ飬޾ϸȫϸϸţԽɫԽ档
١ǽΰģǸʲộЩ򵥵ӣÿ궼еһ»ǽһ°ˣл̫棬١̲ס٩ţ˽ţǻòµġ
л̾һɱҪԼ˲֪ûãȫ˱ġ
١ԵǸ𣬽Ȼͬ졣
лǳǳһЦǸĺûʵۣҲҪĺûʺУ
١ֻһתҪ£¾ÿ궼ҪŽƷŮӲ£һӦÿҪ깤ˣ¾ֵĹӦû㱨̣ûͿɷַλˡ
ã֪ˡлͬ¾ҪǺ࣬ҪͶϵĻҪ糣ÿλŮ£æˡ
¾
ලڵۺһһߣͼ˿׺ĶҲĿģһŶûضɵ·֮ء
ɻǵûʺ鷿ڻߣϵıж硣
ȵһ꣬һ鶩ã͵Ļ깤ˣţȷϲ⡣
񾭣Ȼʲô˵ͷСŮæҵؼŵϵֳ»Żţ
ڹϼ·СŮƿ켱ˣ߶ִū澵ͷû·С¡
˿ʲô£ֻҪǻʺ·˲С
ƸɫɷףʢСµдľǻʺ󰡣һʺС»Ūʪˡ̧ͷһײһˣ¾СѾͷɿƺЩ
СѾͷο£û֣ǰС˾С


38 
ƼǰСѾͷΣ, 󰲸ҶģľګصͷɢϵĽСʰУմˮյһ۵ڲ, µ˳ȥ
洵磬ƲŰ侲סҪߵСѾͷ, ȵվס, ѾͷײҲ֪Ǹô
СѾͷƲ, üָѣǵæĺҶ, ײ, ҪͲͱӭһײ˲յûأ
ָŵߵڰ׵ĺҶ, ϸϸ뷽ŵ龰˸ʺС׼ȡˣСͬ·һ׵ģǻʺԡҪµģŽŲԾͿ졣
պ̲ס࿴, ĹӲ󷽱Ҷ⣬ҺûסҶ˲Ȳյ, ѵһصĴɱ, Ȳ载, ʪ͸ʺС¡ʶֲˤ̡
ƺ𷣣϶ǺҶĴ
Ҷһ, ȥһ軹üҪ裬ȥ˲вպۼ, ˿ɱҡ
ҶŲյ첽ȥûضһŸˮĻȥ
¾ֶѻŻϺͳ£Ҫܻˮ𷿸ñȽԶһ·СܻҪű˿ԣ˻𷿾ͽϲ˿
СšˮٷŵŵĻȥҺСµϵؿ˰ʱ͸ȡˡ
ĹŮջ˸С̫࣬ɻ鲻Ҷʣʵʵؽ̸С̫ࡣС̫ͷ˼ۣľսë
С̫һ䡰ˣȥɣٴ⣬æˡ
С̫̣һʯ·תһ

лʼѧϰæòɿɵϤ˾͸оˣֻЩˣԲٰ죬ʵ˲١
ò׵˿ЪϢڴϿҲȤζЩˣٿû˾ϲ
ʱͨˣлһʱû˸˰
ԴӶżлöʲôŪߣмҲ̫ˡ
δ⻹ûգ˶ϵľ棬ʲô
żɫĵĶģﱧŸ޲ů¯ССţ伫ˡ
лЦôӣ㲻Լ޹úЪΣ
գգ۾ëϽůڵӶ˵ϸѩԵÿɰˡ˼ػлһǳЦǰЩ˰û꣬⼸ץӸεշתߣջ塣
лȻǰЩӵĲȷʵúõرû˶ٶżտ϶Ҫˣãǽ̣Żͦռطġ
Ц޹᲻ССһ̵ĵط檵˿ô
лѾǰ£кҲ壬Ͻģ
Ҳлţ۲ߵһˡ¹һ飬Ӧֵˣ檲ˡ
룡лӡʵһȻûʤȯֻ˶ٵ¶ˡ
Ҳע⵽лɫݣɲһʲôѴƵģüͷٳٲһӣڼ仹ʱʱ첲ƣˡ
лǰòֵգȻΪˣôˣ
лԾСû뵽Ǳˣɴ಻˵Ҳ֪ΪΣϾĿڳأʲôļ׹ţ֪ǲʲô֢ˣ
һضлؿڣ۵ɻ


39 
žָŵӵ, ˲ùܣе׷лβʡ
лϸҲſʼؿԵķǸ, ʱҲˣһʹоͺ
߽лߣŵع۲Ҳʲô̫ҽ
ûСлĥŸļջû, ӦòƵԭ, ѵ£
лһп, ֪ԼСļأ⼸ˣ¾ͺ, Ӧòʲôë
л, ˣ, Ů򲻿ɻ伲ҽԼģʲô罡Ҫ
лᣬε¿̫ҽ, ֻǻٵȵȿǲ¡
£Ӿδɾһ, ̽𣺡пʲô쳣ԡʱзʲôë
л, ҹﻹԼ, Ҫ˵ʲôͬű们ˣϾ˺Щӱʪ, ǿɼĲ֢ûеģԼû֣Ų²¡
ǳʹɻʣ
лҡͷҲûС
ͷ, ŵ˼л棬ЦſοлԼǰҲĲʣƽʱעЩͺá
ȻִѹűӶ֧ŵһ塣֮Уʱл˿µ
лЦӦͣ˳ҪҪš
æŶ°־ܾɻǵϴαϸߵΣԺҪרæʱǰߡ
лһЦҲû취á
ˣ쵽ʱˣ檾Щȥˣ
лҪ͵޹⣬ߵ޵ǰͱס͵ɣ䣬һһȵ
šлҲӲӦջҪ١һ̡
١ֻʱлڷ֧˱ĲҪõѾˣʱֻǷһĿϤһĹöȺøԤ㡣
١һ潪ݸлﲻͣ˳Ȼá
лӹյһţֻвסˡ
١ֲٶԣһʱֻлнķҳȻлõΪ֧ôߣ
¹֧һͬƷʵ̫ˣԶ˸ֳԵͻأˣҪˡ
ÿ࣬٣ӦǶˣл²ŹȥһӦǹòû˷ѡɸĿһĶҲĶ࣬еľȫˣȱ˲ҪʹҪ
лʱݳ޲ϲôõôǮģ
١ִսԶԶһĿ˵۾ģôһҲˣĽƷͣԴööȻûпһ˵̫ϲҲǵ˲ʹ͵ġϲʱȣ󷽡
лü˱һԣÿ깬ĿȻô󣬺ʹ
һҪ뷨ӰöȽ
лٿȻһת١֣Ϊ˽
ϰ١ָ١ȷʵԹ湬żõ֪ĲáԱö϶٣벻ȻԺŮӵƷл˽⣬治ǹˡ
Ϥÿһλ𣿡л١ֵܷЩŮӣǻûȫ
١̾һūͨǻԵɺڼǰͼڹ˵ӡˡ
лȺĽʾ١ּ˵ȥ١Щڿҿҵڹڸ£ܶ²Ը룬һ˻ϻӣܶ¶ӿҸ˵˵˵ʺҲǲС
ū̫Ҳǰ̫ߵĽ֣żҵĴС㣬ʱ̫һȥÿٲ˼ءԽõҲǽޱȣϹˡҲû
١ֳţκлڴѹ̫ǰ̫Ӻġ
лֻŽڵָ⼤Ħűڣߴ١˵ΪĪڴ˷ܣǲͷϷˣΪʲôôģлԸԼ̫ˡ
١תֱ£ϧ̫һԸǰ̫Ӳˡǰ̫Ǹĺúӣ̫Ľ̵ȴΨڻΥ̫ԸȢˣҲ̫ģΪֵ̫̫òɿǰ̫ǰŵͷһǿƣ˵̫˵˼ûԼӡ
лǰ̫ӲϤʱȷʵŸ׽ԶԶؼΣֻǵǸ곤Ĵ磬ȸʱǾǸӹڵꡣǰ̫ӱͻȻײҲӲڼ˵ҲͲ֪ˡ
Ǹ걾ҪƵ۵š
ʱʱϧ١ֵлԾǰ̫ӺͶȡΪʺȻǾΪ۵Ķϸãһ㣬ϲС
̫ͰѼ޲ȥϣϻЭˣ
лչ𣬵ȶϴ
ڻʺֱ£١ѾϤˣûоûʺ޹ػпۺأ뿴СᣬЦźͬǰ̫Ӳһİ


40 
лѾ˵ֻ̫, ǾΪԱ̫˼л̫ͬദϲ̫Ǻõˣûĸദг, Ϊ˸ж
лɻʢǲ١ЦŸ̾СһǱ۳ųģԲ֪Ӽ
ţлȷʵǱֳų, ¸żҲڴܽ, ԶΪǵ, ײĸҲְˣ̫, ѪԵܴ𣿡
١ֹ, һʵڲö๹֮£һС˵Ҫˡǿŵۺ, ƵؾǸ߿ųĺӡǺûиƹڵĵۺҲҪ̫϶
л˵
١¶ģūˣҶĪҪ, Ҳǧ˵ȥ
ã˵лɫŵ, ԼϵĴ, Բ˵ˡ
١֪лԹо˽ⲻ, ͷǳԵ˵𣬡ʼ˶ͼ, ̫İ֮ǻӣҡ
١ͣл˼ȿ˲żżҲܵ, ܳʢ˥õİ취żŮҲϸλżҴСҲڶ̫
ǰ̫ûȢǷ̫Эŵʲôл١ֽ⣬ƲŶǰ̫ŵպżңԵʱżҴСǲ̫в̫һɣ
˵١ںڵŨüһ֮ɫԱʱǰ̫ӳˣūһҲ֪뷨Ӧ̫ʲôȻ̫ǰӣʥּҲѹסǰ̫ӡ
̫αôԼ׶ӣл̫ｫǰ̫ڵڼλͦġ׶ӶҪô죿
١ּǰ̫̫ӣ²ȢżС㣬ԺĺҲżҵѪ̫ܽܡɻϲһ뽫빬вżѪĻӳ
лӵʵﱲϣżûѪԵ̫ģ̫뷨Ҫˣ΢΢תͷױ̨ϵļϣߵҸŪҾͰСá
١ûлĻʲôûȰ˶óȻ¡
лҲˣΪӦ̫󣬾ڹסŰɣβôǮˡ
ΪϺ̫ĸӹϵ΢ɡڹһ̶ȵذ̫ģ̫ͷҲ̶ϵһЩͬ˵̫ǰ̫֮¶ηࡣ
١ЦڼּҵĻʺ󣬡˵㡣
л˱ƵһԣЩˡ١˵ˡ
ϻûҲ˶Ӧþͻͨϻȳԣлȵȶϡ
Ȼʱˣл㶵ؿŴմ˱ѩĶϣſڶվ˻ɢ˲߽
ôأ߽ǰӻ֣лȻűס˶ϵ䣬䰡ز˵
лСԴţ˭㲻ˣ
лƵػش𣺡ûС
̧ͷϬ١֣١ᣬ˸׼ŵ﷽ſ˱̫ˣôء
лͷ̧۾ʣ
лͷţҲʲô¡
ϣʲô㻹⣿
һлŵΪлʲôίˣİɣͻ˼ˡ
˻лгĻŪˣĽƷţνҲȰƽʡŵãøĶһٸΪζϵĻ
λݣȻô죿л²š
ȴ˵ţŮˡ
л
ԻĴζǴ
١־һ࣬Űɫ⿴ŵۺˣ񽥽ޣ֪ںδڿ˭
˲ͬԼùűҪߣлЩ᲻ñ౧˶һֻȻճ˵лɰˣոʧѰҰȫжӣлǸоûˣΪҲˡ
ٴμŴлûסȦסڻлʱֱۣöϼ֣ޡѹͷˣ
ֻקͷлŻᷴӦôɣ
лһƬ˼߶ıˣ˳Ŷϲ²⺬Ӧ£鷢޲ôˡ
лɬϣɴذߺ󣬻޵Լűѹ˵⡣
ȻԼûܵĸоˣлϲҪ̫ҽȥˣҹҲ˯ðࡣ
ڶգлСˡ


41 
峿, лűӱƽʱ˯˻˸ʱҲûҪѵӣǴڴ˼л
ӵůڵ޻, лֻƣӲžҪ˯ȥ
еԾ١ֽһڴǰŰллԺлû뵽ӵô¶, ѺȻĲ²ˣ
ˡ
л͵͵, , æˮ
һʰ׵лǰСĺ춹, Ũ, еʡ
ֻҪֽŲ䣬ϾͲˡ
ĵѯ, ӿвʣ
лҡͷûУá
˴һ±, ū澻δüΪﲻ, ǵĵòˡ
лûǼ, , ԺǰעЩ
١ֽ˱ջʺûоٿЩ, Ϣ塣лӣʹ˿СԴأЦſο, һβ׼´ξҪˣ̫ŴǰΡ
лͷسࡣ
١֣ˣЩθůӡʹ̿ҲյøˣڸӸЩ裬ǧϻˡ
١糤Сһйػл޲ܽŮҪעȫһԵظԼ߶ֻᷳҪ˵
١˽˶࣬ţֿ֪ΪλǰΪǰЩ˶𣿡
˵꣬ԼҲò̫ԾС˼ڤ롣ʺǰӼãС׼ʱģöġСӱ仯Ů쳣ҪӦⲻõҪʡ
١־ȵǲ֪ԭ򣿡
л̧ͷ봺һͬ΢١֣лԼҲֵ֪Ĳ²ǣ
١ּ£߽óлڴͷСϵİ״ɹޣָʣ֪ʲôõģ
л૵Ǳʪ࣬ԡõġ
١ֺһŷƵΪ
лɻΪʲô١ֺʹĻˣԴ֪ʲô
ʵش𣺡Ҫؿڵ࣬ū֪еĻҲҲֱȥ̫ҽԺҪġ
лԡ
εصͷ١͵ӰŮӾڣɶʹÿʹŮ̬ѣʹˡ
̧ͷεūĻˣ𷣡
Ȼ˵ޣлҲǿ˲ٷ»֪ʶˣ΢²¾ˣ߷ߵĲ֪ǺãﾹȻֶʵǡ
ѹ⼸ؿʹԡĵؽⶫʪõĽ׵ǣϲˡ
лڲһһ˵ⶫӳȥʬ𼣣
١ӹ״ɹޣӦ˳ȥ
ߺл̾һֻҸضȥⶼʲô¶
١ֳŴڣ˵Щû̫Сȫ֪Ů֮£΢ЩҲǵ;˵⣬ҪġЩԺˡ
ʹ˿СǷĵĽϲ紺ʱһȵСŮΪŮֻԶأ紺ࡣ
ҲǴ˵˲йػʺ£˸׼ܸʺദ죬١ֶ´ܷʺ顣
лȻգҲǸ֪¶ȫִҲʱû˵˼ˣûҪ¶ɣ˭׼˵ȥ
Ҵ̷һһ⣬˶ѵεˣ㲻պҲٸɳ¶
ջĴҲлľ棬֤˵
лԼߵ֪ˣԺ󶼲ãֻ±֪Ϊ顣պ˵ģԼ˼ºװʱͷࡣ
ǰȣлԵڶȻԶ˷ɣز¶ֻǴһսս̷лȤСѾͷûࡣ
һ仰ôӣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ١ءҲİô໹Ϊ˸ʺ̽ϢðһС֪̫ˣ
ڣںڼˣ
١ĽסĴһС㰡ʺ˴СѾͷƽϣлл
һ˲ӹȵ׷죬ϲū澵ˣԸһ̷ߡ
лװغߵɲҪϹ˾ͳˣѡˮСѾͷ
أҪū澣֪ĹŮжĽūأ
꾭ͱʺѡΪߵĺˣʺܳҲմ⣬ǰ;޴áཻСĽûԵ֡
л̾˼ŵԼôôСѾͷߵġ
ǰǹű˵ҪءûˣȥǵݸƽŶĺúڹЪţˡ
£ȥݼ
ûã˳͹ˣлӶһϣò˵θУˡ
лŲڣʵôпչˣǰæô
صشлߵ޴ȥһϷ


42 
ϴսʱ, ־ͷлϱúܽлϽϸ΢˿ھƤֱε۾ιȥ
лԶϵ˵ġϷûʲôȤһЦ˳ûʲô¶, һûԱأ
ע⵽ϵķ˻ʣС룬ʵôôţ
лͷ˵Ͼȥ١֡
١ָҪشлᶨҾ
١ʵʵ˵, ٶʼ, лûˡ
л, Īţú, á
ɻлڻûǰҲû
лϸ, ţں, ˶
ǡôлԵĶϣʵղ˰ɣ
ڣ˲ֻ֪ᱻʲô֧ߡ
ǰۺش, ͷʧ䲻ѣ, ūȥû, ֻŮļҴҵӦūһ֪ˡ
ţǱߵ̬ȾȻô䵭, л˼ţοæ, 㲻÷ϡ
ͣū澲Ϊ¶죬ǵô, ݼת˻һ̫ҽݼСŽȥˡ
л׷ 𣿡
ҡҡͷūҲ֪ū澽ȥֻûˡ
лصȹϣȴȥɣЩһֱң屧ܸȥ̽ġ´㡣
סлһȥ
лҲá

лϳŽݼ⣬ͼ޹žӰûСӸߺһϡʺݵƬ̺Ŵ
лϷڵ϶͸Ь׶һԼͶů֣ϵĿӺһЩˣǿȥɣٶˡ
һлȥݼٵĽӼ֮˹عһ·ŴŹŮڵ֮ӭݡԻĹһҰ׺ӵ̫ҽ
л·ɢͷҲֻǼ򵥵ϸûױԵɫ֣Դӣɵεǰ˷𣬡ǱǸ˵㴫̫ҽˣϣû̫㡣
ϵصƽ
˵ݼ
ü֪ðڳʲô飬ɫӲ˵κǣлЦ檸˻ء
ݼװŵǳɫʣﲻĿռľϴذڷڼԵõطССĵطͻǱʶؾаȫУлݼĵһӡ󻹲һμʱĸо
ůڵģɫҲȻЩֻ׵ĵʱԾ檾˻ϻʺʵֻ֡Сǻϻʺһ
лİˣǳЦŶҪúЪϢǧ𲻳ҩ
ЦĵлǿŴǻӦл檽ǡ
ϳĬذϵĴɱһЦǣǿתŵʵʵŵ̫ҽʵ̫ҽʲô
Ŭʹڸе̫ҽò̧ͷΪѵؿһлҲôˣȴֹܳһʱھڵ̫ҽش
̫ҽ޷̹׵ƤϿ쳣ϳȴ㿴øϸԻ֪򡣡
һԸȥ̫ҽԺŮҽ
лץ֣ǵģΪҩܺˣȻ֪𣿡
ͷ˵
ں溰˲㡣
лͷ˵޷ɶɫ̫棬лʹ޷ܾá
ɿָ֣ŶӣҲȥǱЪЪɣŮҽӦܿˡ
л̫ҽ䣬Ƥô£
̫ҽţƤĲͷʽܸӣһͲ壬֪ԭϸſɡͨҪƤӲ֢ܶҩϳʵڲ㡣
лǷΪβŮҽ
̫ҽͷϵ亹߿ϳȰŮҽﲻԸ⣬ϳֱӿҩϳ˵˵Ҳ޷õҩˡ
л̧ͷ㱾ǧ򲻿ɻ伲ҽΪ㲻࿴̫ҽ
ĵɿǳЦչ檾Сʦڡ
лǲ֪˵ʲôˣȰʱ˵ǵףԼϾλô졣
һֽӿϣ˵㲻붯ڡǲҶڣ


43 С
ͻķʵлһ, ͷԣߵԣʲô
лԲ峺, ޹԰£ǲ֪Ǹʲô
һ˿̿ת˲ţӲĵߵ, ǳʲô, Ҳʲô, ΪûбҪһŮҽֵù˾֪Ͳ, û뵽˻ϻʺ, ʵ֮
϶ŵ̬΢Ůˣްϧ֮, ޵ǲ֪ҽȻԼϣǻ̫ҽʲô
ҧ´˵ǳˡ
л̾һ, Ȱ˻Ҫ̫ҽ, 鷳
л, 檽ǡ
ݻ׾, ¶ĲϵƤҲû쳣лϸ۲춼û, ɵøģӳˣ
ݣлҲû, ̫ҽش𣺡﷽Ÿϳڼ䡣
лһڼ;ˣΪؿڲʣԼͳӡ
ŮҽܿˣһλҩŮӣŵۺ·Ѿ˽ֱӶɷڼóĻ
ԥлŲȥˡ
Ųᣣл֪ʲô̲ס˳Ĳ̽̽ʵŮӽȥҲ޲ɣǵΣʹǣŵˡ
סлŤڵϰʵˣļǷǺڰŮҽоϡ
лС΢ţĪøãϽ˵֡
ʱŮҽг滻·
лߴ٣Ůҽֱ߽ǰ£ػϻʺӲһƤӦҩҩҲѣֻҪӴӦҩͬʱԶֶ֢αɡ
л׷ʵ֪ʲôҩ𣿡
Ůҽҡҡͷ⼸ղδҩҩԴס
̫ҽ̧ͷʵҩֻڼ䣿
Ůҽȷϵǣڼȳ֣ԣܱƤҲ̫ãΧɢơ
л˳ӣ߲ɫƬƤϣܻ͵УŶ﷢ԼԼ֡
̫ҽƲǲյ·մʲô
ȻȫӦòʳʲôԡʱʲôҩ벿ּҲֻ·ˣŮҽҲƶϵģ⼸յ·ﻻȥϴˡ
̫ҽҲֲ֪ˣȸ￪Щҩ԰ɡ
л̫ҽĻɣһľ˵ҩ̩ɽĶ϶һۣԽȷ˲²⡣
е޹ǾԲմʲôҩȥѬǳµĲֻսϵ֣ʾ䵫϶ޱȣ֪˶Բԣ
˿һһˣѹ²˵ҪϷϷǰ׮ɡ
ǳЦţǣ¾ֵ·Ҳסˡ
մ䴩·һ䣬վԭؼ߲ȹСֱ¡
лδϲкοģ㣬һġ
׵Цǣǿǳлˡ
лü޷ô׾һϳӶܣŮҽ˵ԽԽˣܵ𣿡
ͣǺĥˣܲ˵ǰ׻ϸļϲܼɫ͹𣬶ҹ˯ץӻ¼Ѫۣ峿ʱһĻЩгЩ˵л檻ãһ
лҲ֪Լİοٶ˵ֻµ·ͻŮҽ顣
ϵ˶ܿ죬ûһһС̫˵˽ͷܳĺϢϣūŸ·ˮǰǶûˡ
ϵһʾŮҽȥ顣ʢ·ŮӵС¡µɢŮҽף밤Թ֮ȷСմҩ
лȻСҩôģתϣһ͡
ϵģԼ²¿
лɴ۾Լ֣žڶϵ°ڣʲôʱ㻹ӣˣԼ顣
ѾģʵС¶˭
ʵش¾ǰոƵС£ŴһѣҲ֪ô¡
л˴¾ֵĹСµȫҪйϾؿҪ˼Ƶл糣ĵȻСЦ
л̲סϰ֮ˣһȭȥСöֱӿȳҲۣЦң㲻˵ס
ֹסЦ⣬Ҳ֪ͨĲࡣһʿɺã
лΪѴӦˣʲô֪ȴϷǶӣţࡣ


44 Ϸ
¾ֵˮ, ҪСµǻǲ١ֻ֪˺£Ĺͺʲô϶˵һڹŮԶرʺݼһ·ϵĶȡ
лʵǰЩӷƺͽӴСµ˶𣿡
Ȼش𣺡, ǰ¾ǸλһµС£⼸λ﹬ŮַȥģСȻҲֻ⼸˵֣ӦǶˡ
лɨ, ԵŮٺȻ, һˡиŮʸ, ūѾȥˡΪٺܼū澻δü֡
, ˭
Ůٴݲ, ǱƣҹͻȻ˵Щò, Ϊ٣ūŽٸҲæùûš
ûһͱˣ뵫ͷȻʪ, ȻܿǰһһƵʪϻԡɷ߽£ڿ
ּݲ, ѵ, ڵۺǰƢ, ֻûôԼŪôǱӡ
ƻû˸ί, һھҪ޳ūҲ֪ūںߺúõĺȻͱȥ, ǺĹū澵ĺūˡū澸ջط·ͱ˹·ϻûüԼʰá
Ůζ˱ƺö˶˵ΪҪȥߡۺȻǹһǳ¶ˣƫƫ⵵¶ɱô˵塣
¶һƬ˫ūͣոףūû취ȥߴЩˮֹδҪū澡
һԵŮҽͬϵһģһ
лɫȻϸ˱ƣɱһ£лŮҽǰƲˣӺ¡
ŮҽС·ǰʱӾɡϵãǰձ˲ˮʪ˵С¡
ƼæһСŮеӺһкҶĹŮ˲Сϡ
лЦ⻹ԽԽˡ
˵һ۶ϣֵѹϷͦãǿŹ˵ġ
л˰뱭ȥҶȴϴϣˣˡ
лŲ⻰Щֻ·˶С󣬶ϲӣлˮ²ŵЩ޲ˡ˱㻻ʰɣպҲ֪ĸϸЩ
һֱͷ˿ɫ֪ЩʲôĲһܺ˸еķӦʵʵؾһԣĴڡ
лϻλöʣŲ豭Χ۲ע⵽
ʱ̧лˣʲôᶨޱȣǰ¹£ϣԳв檻ºҶˣ϶ȻҲܲۼ
л뵽ű˵ϵҪݱˮܽﾲ˾õʱ䲻֪жѰ㲻ȥЪϢһϲٳ
лȻǼһᣬ˼ſס¡
лŶϴеŮʣӿЪϢСˣȻʹǺۣǲ붯ԡ
еݼĪҲ֪ʲô¶ҪſҪŵһ·ŵĻûضһžͿлۿڶϼϲ֪˯ûзӾըˣָл⡭컯ճɺͳ
۹۱ǱǹģͷĬԡǷŶʺˣֱͦûʺ󿿵Ȼۺô˶ĳ׽ЩʱǶǣıУΣ˭Ҳ˵ҲûɫĿզզ
ָпֱϲҲˡ
ƳһۣıĿл
СᣬΪʵϲĹŮɺıĹؼҶϵԴνͣ
һ˲Ҫ
漴ʶԼйΪʲô͵ܣɱ£ǰɲɺɣǸʲôҶʶ
ɺɹŻܣŲ뿴¾ֶ˭ôûҶӰ﷢̶˻õŮͬȻµū澲ʶҶ
ֺһȦҲû˭ͷȴͷ¶ȥˣ
С̾һϸɤαѼӲأϡ
󵨣ūžҶԱ


45 ɵ
СӲ, ôǰֻжŰͽأοѯҲǻ⣬, һһڻϵƤӵ£µͱƱˣѵҪūŰѼ¹ĹŮţſϳô
۲, ƹСǰ, , ĸǰ檰ִڹ֪ĸĻԲǵ, ⲻ֪˭Ҫݺ, Ϊ
գԶһЩ, ѵޱ磬ûأ
ˮ۲ɲǼ飬ڻϱϵл˵أ
ʺǸعصΪʲôҪˣ
ɺȻڵϹ, ȴ͵͵෽תһֲڵŸҵӳвͣҡ, ݺݱ˱, ǰϥм, ϣūϵҶС¶ġū澽ʣµҩ¹, ȥӦҵ
л۾һֱŽչ˿üĿҲ˾ֱ, ԸСӵȥҿ
˶סˣعץŲɺɵӾҪ澾ﱾ
ɺɵͷץˣ˿ҷǺ󷽹˵ľϵԶЩŶ㿪׵ץӡ
ֱ߲ͣԩɵ±ڳҩƿʵǰʱ޲ˡ
ϵƿӵģϸƿīɫƿϷŸɫپգһ仨Χнߣȥ;ŮƴհεĲͷڳô˶ˣв֮ˣҲˡ
лɵˣɻʲôҪ˵ģ
Цһ䲻֪˭Ƴ檣檲ò̾˼ľɣͨ˳ߵĽŮĵ۴ڲɺϣƵòɺɲòֻһ仰Ầ
ɺɹ󣺡ϸϻԭġ
ʲô㱾ҩã
л
ǳЦñҩ𣿡
һʱƿԡһԹõıƣΨΨŵŵصȴǰ˶СʵǸøʺģ֪ô
ƵĻָһɣһӦϢغʺ֪˲Ըˣɻûܼʱ˴ɾű˳
ǹˣЩֶζˣͬûǱ±㲻Ҫ͵ʴףҺûв¾֡
л𾪲ѣŵϴ۵ĺɫС£֣
һʱºӿͷл˼ӣӸµؿһʼǳűģ
ԾʧԣΪ˿񷴶ΣգǵģǵģЩӰؼ򲻸Һʺ󡣡
Ӻʺδ죬пΪλ¹˼
ίؽϣ׵ģȹĸ⼸ˡ
ֻǽλݣлϵĴδҲ̫˰ɣɶϰģл˷˼
ıϳȥʱֻһ̫صڿտݼ⡣
ɺɶˣū𷣡
ʲô
ϻȻȵסͲ̫ݼвڵԵÿռӱƣƵķΧ߻ӿ
ǲɢ¾ֵˣסȥ˵лҪȥЩҲǳס
лЦϷδ
ϵıƣʵɻǵûʺСôģ


46 
ƲԵҡͷ, ūֻǵýʢСµ̸ȡ·ˣֻǰһСŮǰһĹá
лԴ, ֿһ˫ֽСǰ򶨵ģתŷ᣺𣿡
ǧ֮, ŭ, ļ֧ŲסҪ, ᣺ؿ߳һԵĵ, ˮƽż, λɵϵģ
ϷʣΪȽͬʺעתƵϣ޾ͻ𣿡
Գ̾Ϣ, üлֻȡ˻ʺλǲûڻǰɣһʼͱˡ
̶̼仰, лȻ׷ʲôǰһΪԼֶ񲻰, һ˲ķת, ʵƽ, ȷʵǸˣ㻻ҵС͸
û, ͷؿһлȷˡ
л˵ĸӣЩʵǺǶϸǰһ, ɹǰһʱţСʹˡ
лദϸڣ˵Ͻģȷʵ˳һЩһֽ˶˵λãǰɵѭ
лٸĵ׺һƬӦ̫ѾӦ֣δϵصøֻγɹѾ£Լߵģʲôв˲ɺɣǲɺɱˣ
֪¶棬Ҳ¸лˣֻõһСѱˡ
л׷ʣƳһģʾóң˵Ҳɣδƻֻǡ
лȫעţֻװˣɱ͵һקȵĴסѹĶ䡣лɻŶϣ͸ƱƵıĿɺŮ˼ȶ˽ܸպñ˶ѡ
лĹĵشϵ֣ҶʲôȲ鲻ңⶼˣ
ʲô֪ˣȴڹһƾͼǰҲȥˣлһۣĻˣ
۲תĽӻʺ³檵Ļ˻ʺĶôҺóûֱ˵˽ͨ
ŭĿӣ죡
лջֶŲ˵ʲôˣ
ƻȴȣʲôҲʲôںˣ͵ŶҪηлʵڲ𣿡
һ㶣ã˿̾Ȼڹлһʱ֪˵ʲôáôʱ޿̲ץǰ͹ƽƤԼԸͷȥ
лûĻشҲ֪Ȼǲܵģƶ͵͵ץ˺üָ֣ױԵ˸ɺԵѪиǺһƬô˷ʱʳûʲô㲻֮£ΪҪֶκ
ɵ˫ȾɫݺΪ֪ʡ
лЦ㿴ű۾˵һ顣
лֻؿڶϣ񣬵һȴɫʱ𣬡ţ㵱Ϊʼܳɡ
лؿ͵ЪϢ
лƣʵѾףڴˣҪߣҲĲȻͽŵģԾ֪̫಻֪Ǻõıͽô
ſںСûƭֻлƮƮ½ʧ
ۺЯ뿪ݼͳ˿סݼ˱ƺģ޹ǰʺıϧԶ¶ıӶûʺһѡ
Դ˽Ϊλۺֺϡ
ʱۺ˳Žڻ·ϡǰ̧ļλһеСӺʹ˽¿տˡ
Լˣøӣ
лȻ̧סϵĶ䣬ŭֺȥšƵúҪϷﵱɵӣ
ڹлʵȲ迴Ϸȷʵˬ뵽ϴͷβ͸¶Ͳôþˡ
ϸձл϶ʱΪĵСĪǿ䶳ˣࣿװûоڽ΢΢ȣʵţֱϵԾʶˣ


47 
˶ʮ, û˸š䣡ĸӰ˳ֻ˵һЩȻĻϲֱ֡ǿƵ̫, ̫Ȼǰ̫ӵְ̺ܽ巣ˡ
лקŶ䣬˳ȥֱӵ, , ͬýЩֱ˵ͺ, ô
лˣ˵ʲôɿϵĶ, ŵĵط˲ɰױ֪Լʹ˶, ٸвڣӲţŪ𣿡
ϸɴ࿿л, ûУƤû㽿ۡ
Сʲôлʲô˾Բô򵥵, ὣǺõġ̬ãʱ͵ǰӦˣ
лűŤ, ᱻƵĸо, , ֻ뻤, ̫մȾЩ¡޵ǰ¶Ż㡣ģ˻, Σգ
ǵĹ͢һۿЩлûҲϣУһӶҪ
ϵĻһΥл֪޼ӦϢһͬԸǡĸĸ׻Ὣкͳõ˵ĸףĸ׸ʲôõʱֻ׷ɧĸ֪׵һС
ĸҲѼ½ףʲôúóԷ¸׶֪һͬĸһѵ
лǲҲҪ㻤ţʱʱһ̶𣿻֪ĶһЩʲôӦԵȸңһǰֱжץС
лģһƿǶҪһչ֤Լĳ񣬻˵Сϻ֪ġ
лʶҲмˣȷʵ£̫СлˣãԺʲô㣬ҪӦһ
Ҹ̸лС̵ˣɴ˵
ֳ̧л󣬱ƽ󹬵ŮԶһЩֻޣֻ޺ñӣ
áлͷôֵֹģ
پлһ㲻̫ףô鵽Ǳģ
˵ϲЦˣǺܻ㣬߹
л˶Цʲô̫ˣ
ף޷ʱл֮ǰѾź˲ɺⲽ壬ǵעȫϣȻֵ龰ǣʵڲͷֵķңҩ˳ô򵥵Ķ
л̲סˣЩͬ٩ˣʡǮˡ
һתпţ̫װˣ㲻ңһ治һ뵽Ȼ
ϳû׻׻̵лЩŮӶ򵥵ģҪʱ
лӦͣʾ֪ˡȻڽϷ壬ЪϢϲ⣬ôôۣ
ʵˣл̫˼뵽޼¶Ҳûʲôģյ϶ֻ
ϰл£һһůСӣ𣿡
лڶϾѼ伸¾ǷˣȻķٱһƬ鷢һ˿һƵظ
лسĬϻл鶯ӣʵʱҲӡӦİƺصʧǰྴӡ˽ƴķȥ֪лͷʵǾ޲ô


48 
лգգ, ڶϻŤŤ˸˼ȷʵûʲôûɣ˵ûüɾͱϽλ, ȡ
лްĪʱ⹬ǷǺڰײһ仰¡
лͷͻȻûͷûβ, 뵽ʲôˣ
һʱûӦ, ţ
лҾոˡҵĴɡ
л˵仯Īĸ֪, Ϸŵһ˲ƺЩ䣿
ϲڵ°ˡ
ŶϲԸ˵л㲻׷ʡȻ෴Ĵ, лԸŶĿ, ɵû˵ʵǲҲ룿
ģڴصлġ
лѵ£طţ, Ը¶ҵֱ׼һĲϲ㣡Ҳ빬ǰҲΪӽʱûиܵͬһĵ, Է˾衣뺦ңҲԲǳںһɡ
ͼʶлֱ, ӹɡ̬оĪ, ĵĹ, Ϊܡ˵ӣ
˵ҲͷϷ¡
ϲ˭治⣬ĵĲл, лֻô£
ôװױˣлסɤɫȻ˳ȥ뽫β, ֻ֪ˡǵĴ㣡Ҳ¶˰ɣ
Ͳѣ̲סлûԴˤɵ
лҾЩҲȱ˴ˣ
ֻУʵ̫޹ˣл̲ס̾ùҲҲĸʵȶˡ
л˼ţҪ֤ȷʵѣοǲǶǱߵ֤
ϳϣзĿܡ
лüĵ￹Ľֱ߸л֪ڽų壬ֻأֶĽ̵˵ԣġ
ڵʵ֪ĳ̫ңʹлϲǣܷ̲סꡣ
Ȼ˽лƫϣ޶˵ߵڰ׵ˣʲôǷɵ𣿡
ȶϻشһԶڴµ̫󣬡Һµˣ
ſݸ̾ʲôˡ
лȭвţʲô¶ң

¹
ߵȹڣŭؿ첽Լ޹ɺɵͷΨΨŵŵؽʱʱĲи
¹̷ĹȻȻʺ࣬ĽŮ˴ฮѾߣ񸮰ˡܱһȺӵأΪĿĵĸоߵ˶֪ĹأһСŮǾͷеĻǰʰ꺮ů
һ߷ߵˤһײߣɢƬɵضǣŵΧСŮæˡţΧʲôЦ
һʱѻȸСŮȫ֪ʲôֻ֪ǰͻȻϴȥͳӡ໥ӣһҳ
Ĳɺɣŭգץסɺɵ죬ţ˭ĺôݺฮίΣر𣿡
ɺ֪ū澶Բ
ݶû뵽гһԼѾͷܸвӽڻʺλһССɣպ̧ͷ
˫شܸĸ߰ɢɿգĵȱʧĲֱŨŨĺѯʣǲǻʺ㣿
󹬣ܳĳ˻ʺûеڶˣԽԽþдֻȲɺһشȷĲ²⡣
Ȼɺɻδüڣ¹һȺŮٴⳡ־硣Ϊ׵Ůɨһҵĵ棬ūϣǻЭǨ֡
ָпţϧôõĲߣպֲˡ
ƽһ֪ð֣Ҳָɣس
Ⱦū澡ԵĲɺɺȻеŤͷͼ׳ʵֿ۽ɺɵĸ첲ţȵʲôҲ϶
ûӲɺʳǲǻʺ󣬵Ȳɺ˵еǰ취ֵõˣ
ֽ͵Ͽ̫ǿСŮˡ
أѱѾͷģ˼ѾͷʲôȻɺɵ޻ˣҲӦõģ
ԽӲɺɵҲԽԽһŮšù׳ʵ֣ȥʱңŹѲߵǸǴ˿ֵ̲Ǹٹ
ǱһģѾ˳ߣʱʱɿʵۣȸˡֲǸľͷкδǱҪЮߵľ档
ٶĻں޼£ɺɷôһɺųֿȰڹﰲֶգֻҪʺע⣬ϲġ
⻰ʵʵɺɱʺշ֤ݣ߻ʺ˵ûǲɺԽΪʺڣԽȷţɺ˵ˡ
λŮٿʼֽ¹ĶᵽƫȥΧ۵ĹŮ֪ʲôһսľҶ˵ʵʵǵİš
Գû˱ùĸ۰ӣĸ׸Ůˡ⼸˶Ĭϵ飬ǰ̫û˻˸ˣļֵǲɽ
бƣȻҪǻϱʺɱΣȻǲĽͣĸŻѹҳīд˷͸Ѿͷǰ͸ףԻ̫Щ
ѾܾûԶдʲôˣѾߴʡ±ʱԽдԽйֽϣʵУԼûĲɷӵôù̫һסȵţлùգ
ȻлʱùˮƬÿӵŲСöϲȥСľҲҪţ
ĹĵصŶϡ
Ͽϼ͵Ĳɫʳŷô˵ģ֪ʺҪЩ嵭²Ķ𣿡
л̣ЩѵĶͳˡ
̷һԣһллûʲôɿڣ²ǰҲôԵģû˻
أԵĲµģ̫¶лǲġЩ˼¾ҪĿζֵ˾֪ˡ
Ͻоͬʱ˳㿴ЩŮӵҽ顣ȻлȷʵõĺܣСΪϣԵòˡһ£ɿ⼸죬ʲô޾ܡ
лζջԶʤˣǲԸЭίίضԶϱԹţ𣿡
ɫ΢ɲĽӲŭ˵
١˵֣ЦǰȰл᲻ԣūŮӶˣ곤˲ſʼעѾˡ
⼸˷лǰˣ١к˰ѼĲ˳£㲦㲦ʲô˵ҪӿһЩ
Ŀ϶û⣬ֻ̫СܶҲŻʺ˼١ֵ㼸ͼסˡ
лǼϸߣֱ˲Żŭصһ۶ϣͷš
ϰһлԴЦǺԡ
ùţлҪ˯һСڴǰ˯ߡлƣۣԹ۾ˣǶڣ̲סڣƫ˼ů¯ߵʱһٳȥɱٶˡ
Ц˵ӣ㲻Ҳһ
ִǶ˿ڣΪлģպ󶼱¯ˡ
˲ҪģγһҪأ
л˶һƣģҿûˣԼעЩ
ϲŷлڴͷİ״ɹѾûˣӡﻹʣͦģʲôô඼ˣ
͵ͨͨıʪ࣬лȻȫǲƤʣĲŶһ䣬лͲô¶ˣϾ֪ǶЧá
͵Ƶ϶УǸˣ߰ɣ
ק³ͷ˯
СӻϰߵĴҳӲл°ɣԼˣ
лԴһᣬ۱ůڵıӷϵƽˣ˯ˣæȥɣ
űΣ̾һ޲ˣúЪϢ
١л˵ů¯ʱȥһڻҪֱ߱ӳȥϽӹ֣˺չ˻ʺ
лװ˯ȵ١ֶȥֻʣһ˺󣬰Сֻѹ´µ񻰱
ǶϵĻҲôԽˡ
ϻص鷿ʼѻһյ¡һ⻧ϷѲӱʱ࿴һ
Լңҡ
ļϱ߼˺֣˲ʳճɴ٣ܱ߼ǽӼãӹʳǰȥЭֵļǶɹѹءææµµ꣬鼸ϷغغĳǳѲӸ飬ڸöؾˡ
ֻߵʱļˮļˮ·ޱȡڶպˮ·Ͽˣ½·Ҳóвſɣ˹·г̾͵ü¡
϶֮⣬·Ųɡ۵ļ϶СһţҪ͸ļ顣
ÿһʱվҪд飬Ի¼ʵд˺СС£лĹû¶Щ޹ʹ飬δܹй̶Ĵ֮ˣͷܷ㣬һס
ͣͦڴżŵġ

ʱգлٴη˲һĸоԲͶϣ⻭С˾Ͳˡ
е˷ܵĸо
лʼ漤ƽû磬ֱˮֻǿҪˣ˳ںڽëϹӨӨ顪ˣ̫ˣ
лӻﱧŻ˯ȥﱻ¶Ƶǡ
١ֿɫʵİսԶɵĺƲյѹƬգʱˣʺҲ̫ˣġ
١ֲģŽڼƿл˯Сһ͹ˣ̰෴Խ˯ԽۣʺڰҪѵҲûС
սʺߣ١ִžžʺĸ첲ɻδͿʺ첲ѹ˱һ飬ҳǷġ
١üЦ̾ʺСȻ걻ѿɶ۾ã˵˵ʺ
ĺллʱѽ䱸ǳҪʶسֲſ١֣һƷ˲ס
ͻĳɰͲС١ŵòᣬú壬ɴһ˫ۡлһ̧֣ѹŵҳޱ١С
ˣ١һʱûӦͷȥȵϵһУϴС١ֶ궼ûôˡ
ȡﰡ١Ϊѵؿڣһʱ֪Ӻ˵
лʲôһѹͽ͵ͼؽƭƭԼˡ
С䣬еСӡ١ִ׺񳤱һĴڡ¶ײ˾ǲͬѰΪ飬Ρ
ھþõĳĬ컵л١ŮӼӿл룬ôûеȥ
١ȿ˿ڣǸūԽķ䣬ŵū֮
лӱ̧ͷ鷢һңըëСӰ޹֡
١ҲǴʱģ˻ֻҪưβһε뷨١ӲͷƤС˺ܶ¶ܶŮ֮²лڼǲܺͻϡ¶
Ͽ϶׵ģ١ֺܷģЩʱմʺƵĺܣôǻʺŻ˼أ
л
ʵûС룡
١ֺл˿̵飬ΪҲһģﲻض˵ūס
л
ˣԽԽڣ
١ֹеϺҲӦЩӱȥòϣȻϿɿˡ
лŭˤ޻ϣûУ
١ֵ㵽ΪֹúãûУﱶ壬ū˵ˣɡ
лĥĥѹͷ£ڵ١ֱ֣¶˵ȥ
١ЦӦͣʺ̬ϲ
峿лϻķۣϸϸױüͭǰһ飬ȷĶ壬ϴȥⷿ
õȲ裬æҪʲôūȥþͺá
лǳЦţҪԼȥ꽫
ϲѣǼˣȻ֪ʾãֻϻģʵ̫ѵˣ
ūлƵһСǰĶš
ͳԿ׿ţлšʵ֪ԼⷿﶼЩʲôأʧûԼȻ¼ǳֿžΣʵС
ؿⷿĹŮ򷢵ߣл߽ھͿѻ鱦ֻҾ߰ڼǽŵļϻУģֻȻֵơ
лȻϲοɲײڽǸʱϸڻӡһ۾ϳ˷ľϻδҵĺӡ
ţ²ʺ󲻻ҪŲΰɡ
ҲǲУ˵
л˰ͻȥǷġ
ݵʶʹ˹ȥɣ˵öԣֻҪþˣӸùϵ
ǣӹӣ͸ˡ
ֻҪȥͺãһɨ֣͸ݼС
лľûҵģһһ߹ӷڣ涫治٣Īļױǹʹͻ߶ϸĶ
лϸѡǰ֮ǰʹ͵Ķ͸ϿɾЦˣĶȥһ꣬ѶϸĶȥôܲ룿
䣬л׶һţ˼ⶫġ̫ʣӦǹĶҲġǽΪδ̫ףò֡
ôˣοֶ
ֽӱ߶ϼңǰһ
л뿪ⷿʱﱧŸľУոջôѡˣ
̽ͷ뿴ʲôлýʲôû
лӺĴƫȥҲҪ߰ɡ

Ͳεһ·ݼ⣬Ž䱸ɭϵŵ˼Ȧûǰ˵
ʱһĹǰǳڴ˹ʲô
ɨûˣ»ʵǻﻻһףʶ˾͸ˣδ룬ΪݼС̫ࡣ
˫̧߳ϽУǻʺݼģɳ
С̫ĮƬ̺ӹĶˣұɣ߰ɡ
ظһл뿪ȥʺ︴
ûС̫Žݼվһúŷ˽ȥ
С̫һ·ͷ˿ɫݼϷأòײŵôѵõĻ
ţūſԽȥ𣿡
ϣزŪͷէȻ˼飬ȵظһȷϣʱ֧ӾҪɫ裬Ͳסġ
뵽ʲôͷץԼӣ˻ȥɡ
С̫๧˳ؽ˿Ϸعغáıϲαһϡ߱ƿᣣվ
ɣĽŲԽԽȴһֱûлͷţˡ
С̫Ӧţҡ
ЦţϴҵŮݼλġ
С̫ЦԵɺԣ⹬ﳤģϤĺء
ĬţƳʣ޻˵
С̫ҲûţƳԹӯ㲻𣿡
ӯĹ˹ûôйһӯȻңԶļ䣬ɤɬƲסҪ
ӣ˼ĽӣûŵĲ¶̫𡣲̶̵ʱ䣬¶˻ϵ˵ǣ˶֪࣬϶֪˵ģҡ̫ûˡҲûܰﵽ㡣
С̫ᣬ˿û֮⣬޷ӯ̫ļˣûʵлĵͬʱ̰ż
޷ԣǿҵΪģҧһҾͲһˡ
ֻ֪ң󽫸ʺ׼ҩŪԼϣϸڻ治ϸϸ
ȵ꣬˾һ亹˵Ѿ֪һУ
ЦЦȻΪ⹬һȦʲôģΪҵģ
ڻǰôӣδڻǰķ̫ˡ
˿ɲô룬Ϊ˷ֹٴαɼʲôԣǰ֪ȫòٺ
ôһ˵ĵ׵Ԥв꣬ŵĨ;ߣŲӣ´㡣
ţȵ㼱ʲô
һߺ˲ٶѵԹӯ㺰ʲôҶý͡
ôвǰˣлҪʣתˣɬʳҵҩֻǳô򵥣
͵͵˽ҩ͸ʱֻ˵ҩƤڻʺСֻûʺƤܣ㣬ûʺʱӦӶԻʺ䵭
ֻҪһʺ󣬾ϵӣĸ˼ǰܼӲġ»ʺĸܣϲ˵ֻҪպͬʱ˵һۼĳͲ˳ˡ
󹬼˶ֲ࣬Ƿǻʺ󲻿ɣؾͻ䵭ʺ󣬵Ů磽⣬ۺ˽϶˿ɳ֮ʺʧ裬лұزͬʵһһ⡣
ʼıֶΣ˼飬ò˵˵뷨棬Ҳ˽뵽ӷ֡лļ嵽ǶļжлշǼҵģлǰû˵һٻ
ΪǰˣҪķӺʺܣһʱԽܡ˱غ˵ŮõЩıõֶѵϵ̨棬ֻǳ˵˽񶾰ٱ
ҡӰˣʱܻõģ˺ҲлֻҪָҲûʲôˡǰлЩҩģָ壬Ĳ̫ǴԼҲȥˡ
ʵˣ಻ĺ㣬̫ӰֻǿŲ۰ˡӳԼϣƬƬӴķۺɫ߿͹ǰ͵ֹסץѪͣ
ץƵĵطǵѪ˰ĵɫˮ裬ɺɫһƬϡ裬ѪһδֱµĽϡ̫ҽԺֹҩͿĨЧ΢
ĽӳϵıƣܰڱˮǰѵҪڶˮ
ǣ֤ˣǲạ̊́
̫ҽԺŮҽ˵ˣһĽŮҽοָúõĻӡӣ̫ءҲ޷ܵġ
Ůҽͨҽо顣ŮҽĻŷʱɣֻǲһʼʲô֪ȴƭ
ǰĺ˾ţǰıĵذνͣӯҲûа취ڻʺµĺۼͻиĿܰǾıһвǰ׷ˣװ׵˷ա
˵ųһжӦˡ
˼̺ţӯΪˣ³֮ұĴ㣬
ϵĻݴᣬ˵˻Ůкۼ㣬˵ҵҲ㡭
˽ĿڣӯǸ⣬㻹λ㡣
ؿӵˣŨ˻żƤҲ֪йǷĿţɼ˼ӯң˵ģǾͲһˡ
ţ˼˷ܵ㿴ϲǽ֮ƴѹδ³ɵǵĿҲһ˶ԲԣʵҲôͰżҵǯƣԼڻҪżҵ֧֡ڻлҡ
˵ĻеǵģѾ˦ֲɣǣΪ˹˼лңлͽ˱Ȩ𣿡
ǵҵɵлǰѱȨʵˣɻʵûԼأʺܳ裬ʲôʱٸлҾʲôʱ
һȷʵпܣ¶˵֣һֱ۲źʽԼĲ˵˳֮ǰʺ󡭡ܳģʵ۴ر֣ûС
һʵĴʶûڵĸоʵ
Ŷô˺ţڴû׼ʲôһ֡
˻ʵзɵӣȥЪϢҲзӡֵǻʵ۾˯ģʲôɣȥ˯齣ƲһЩʵڱҲˡ
ֻ¶Ƚ϶ˣ˭ҲԸ¶һڱǲǴ˯Ǳ¶ԼΣ
Ħָ˼ɵʵû㣿
ʱ˼ʱͲôһʴ빬һֱĽ䱸
ѵһֱĬϻʵԾǸɾģ


49 
һ, бѹֵߵ㣬һֱ±ǰᣬʱʱ̷̿Żʵ, ŸôŪȥʵ۳ʲôȻ⣬ϵʲô˵ɼҲδɹ裬߶ȵľܲһ, ˵ġ
С̫౻һ, һǰ̧־ס, ˫ץӷɤзصҲиԼĶ, ȷûоʲô˺Ż˿, ߵţӯ, ˡɱٴСˡ
ǯƣֳŴһξ룬Զˣ빬, ǲǾ͵ˣ
С̫߽ϴ, ظ԰״, ӯ, ᲻֪Ϊʲô̶ȣ룬ӦúҲǡ
佥ƽ, ã޴ľĶ𣿡
Ȼӯ, βڶͨΨ㡣Խ滺͸οĶ·ȵĽƽ˵Сϣ֪ģΪβأ
ת˼£ƲţΪ㸸ף
̫ȷҵƴ󣬻඼£ҵ˼𣿡
һ˿϶ޱȣȻ̬һӸǹǣӯǶ˼ǣǧˡǸúúù滮һǡ
һʱȴ˻ʵ۵뷨˳˵Ļ˼ʲô㻹ҶԻʺ֣
˵ͷӯлұ뵹
Щӻʺ㲻ĵ賤ԽԽĲ˺ʺأ
Ƭԥ˲䱻˿ƣŭţ֮ʣ
ѣҵֱӽóƵƳỨݲѣôأ
ӯǻʺҪҪɤҲ⼱ˣǿңǵδԼֻܸҸʵ۸Һ󹬣һУҪڹػһ𣿡
˵ĻֱӾһֱɻ󵫴δ룬ҲĻʵвУһ˵þǻʵԼ⣬ȻʲôŮûУܲһԲϻʵ۵θڰ
һʵӣ󹬵ŮеĶûС
˺ݺݱһֻȰţ´ӳ飬ҲȰ㣬Լ밡Щչ˺Լ
Ҳ˿ĲǿҿܡѾһûмˣõ˼̰ͼ´ĸоȴҴҳ֣ܵظŵıһᣬקˣҵøϽˣʱ̫ÿɡӯ´ټ
ȴҲĹǣ´һ
ĿͷҲص˳˷ţջĿʱɨǸװ˲εĺӣĵɬ
С̫බۣƽѹӣµߵݼſֱӳȥȴһαסʣţʺƣūŴΪ䣬ʾģŽȥһкãūŻҪЩȥʺ︴ء
ŵãС̫ЦжӦ˵ٻŽ˷ˡ


лӿⷿȡ˶ͽԼڲκ˽ȥ֪æЩʲôֱˣ١ۻʺ󵽵׻ϸʲô
١ָпţ˵˼ǲ²͸ˣԼŬɣ
лױ̨ǰ̣̿ɫױ̨ɢһСƬϸĻƺɫľмĴĥ깤ˣлױϻŹʱ͸ϵ
һպã١ּţ¾·ԣūܽȥ𣿡
л׼ˣ˳ױ̨棬һһպȷûµľͳȥÿ١һḷ̌ѡеϲ
λεĽлһ˲ʱͼʱ;úÿˣ벻¸ǾһſŶ鱦ʯ׺ȹڣӨѤĹâƲ̧ۡСȥ˿ϹָԸ뿪˾Ͳ֡
Կϲ١ЦŸл߽䡣
лºʵ»µϲ߽Ҵһ
١Ц̲סԿĻʺﺦߣʺĻϲǶ˲֪ʺԷ顣
ʺƽʱɫǻǲ˵ʱžǧ֮ĸ䡣ϲʺͱˣüۼϲɫҲͣƳ˵¸
Żʺ빬ʱһη̻ʺǻʺ޽ǸϣʱʺӴģӡ󣬼ǵǻʺ䵭˭ȣڵģȫͬ
·Ÿǻʺʵ۵ĳ飬ǡڶΡ
лϲڴ¾ǰת˼Ȧֵؿȹڱ˦¡ԭǴµĸолᵽУ˷֣ܵĹȥҲ̫źˡ
١ϸ۲żµں䣬оߴ綼ʣûʲôëǴлϻҪʣֱлҲȷŷġ
·øˡ
١ֳŸ¾ֵֻظлھǰԼѵüô˵Ůӣ·ѵúÿһֻһ֮⣬ҪӶԻ£֮˸߶Żˡ١ۺ˾ͺǧʲôʡ
ֻǣ١ۺӶϦǹŵƽʷֵʱ򣬵й磬ѵۺҪ˦ٹԼ
١ĸҹֻϰӶĲãֻίʻʺô㡣
л룬ҪôԱǵļҾ춼Ҫ磬һ굽ͷֵͬӵȻܷܡ
Ͷϣ˹ԼڣôУлðãҸֲûɹ飬һξְˡҾ봩Ư·
١ΣۺַʽǱһҲֻϣãūúò
лϲʸйˣҪطۣһϲŪ˾Ͳˡ·лԼŶۣҪöѲֱ˺ˡ
лԼʲôǿĵ߳ܣ̾ÿ鲻ܶ࿴ǱĬؽ˼붼ݱˣ
ûãлĽŲ֪ǶֲͨˣæкŴȥס
֪ʲôʺ˵ǣӦ첽߳ϻϿһ粽µصڻǰš
ţΣյڴͷҪſ
忹ŲɳܵѹӲͷƤ𣺡ԵƬ̣滻·
˲ʱ׹¾Ҳ·ԣлӦҲˡȻȲ뿴Ը⽫ϲڳϦҹѧϰ׼һ
ȴʱ䣬ʴʺʲô֧һֻ˵˸Ͳε¶ʺǵȻʺԼ߻ϰɡ
ϵӦһ١ȥˡ
лŷۻ߳ϻЩڣһʱ֪˵Щʲô
ϲл£еʲô
лԾǸŮȻܶԶ˵ʵĹ磬ҾͿԼˣڴ
ԭˡл˼ʲôʱٴشҡ
лֻӦϵѯʣʱ˵ȴˣֳͽһһľ
ţֻǹ˶࣬ôڳҲȥͼ˵ֻԶԶһۡлԽ˵Խ䣬ǵöϸ
ĸȥ׶˵ԼûУֵܸ˼Լʵûʲô֡ǻ֮󣬾Ǹˡлͬһ˿ڵʤܰСң˼ŦϵǿͣлǼСģʲôõض
ϴԼԴлĽǶȥ飬˼ΪŨصĽСʵҲȻСĻӣֻ漸ֳ۰ŸǺõġ
ţȹ꣬ټ˽㣬޺ȥʡס
лԹԵصͷҲ˴㡣
лԼĹȻڴУеΪ˶Ϻ͹ＸɣԼļ⡭˭Ҳʶˣ
û취ʧȦޣϰͲðʵʵ˽Ӵ밲ˡûȥύʲô˵ϰߣûֵ徲ءҲûʲôĵġ
ڳйԱûʶģСʱڸҲнӴһЩһЩ󳼣ǶȻλˣҲ֪ûнǡ
лǸ߶ϣǵһϳϯҪϣһ㲻ǲܵġ
Ц㲻ðȫˣ㶼˼Ρޱã֪ʲô㡣
жϵĻл̤ʵˡʵҲм˵˵ˣԱסʺ̬У

ûգ͵˹ӡ깬ʢٹһ·ֹﴦͮͮһƬϲ죬֪ĻΪ˭Źأ
лһСŮҵ
١ֶ޳Զ֣Ҳһлƫŵվø߸ߵģ°дµĴڱ߽߱ǽǲ˽ȷĶ˲ȥһ߼
ЩҪԼиоءһһ㲼óӣǽ޹ĶȾϲͬѰ̻лʶԺǳΪļҡ
лŶѹҪڵľսڰ̧˫ۻл࣬Ĳлˤ
лȥһʱߵÿˣ
Σһ߸ޣں濴û
лӦܵ󡣶ÿ󿪵ĽüסʽͿĨڶӱ档ͷһθ¶İ׽СӶϹŵֲþġ
źֽϷǣлùĵӡһ潬Ĵ紵𶶶ܿƵطôЩڶϵ·ϡžؽǽһлˣ
ϱŭһϸ¿ȷϴֱֺлõһԱȱ֤ˮƽˡ
лָһţкأ
һ죬ú˳
лر˽ɿĶϣ㲼õĺܺãԺǵļˣ
ϱմϵĽؾͱлһ仰򶯣һƬȻȻںƸ߹ңϲš
һͭȵˮߴһ׵ӣϣﾻ֡
лֽˮָˣȫˮϴּ򵥲ü£Ͱл̳쿪ʼˣǻ·͹ȥɡ
лپԼޣԼ
Сϣ߰˰ˣＸλڶʱǲǸ׼׼ˣ
лѾ١ֽ絽˳Ͷϲ絽͵òŹ翪ʼʱȥߵݺ󣬲ſɿ硣
Ͼȥ


50 Թ
лعϸһ, ȷϷ࣬εϹ󣬸Ŷٰ칬Ĵ
ۺ̸, лͬǰǳӽǰĵط߽ſڣδȥܿеŮϯλˣΪλϯ, ĵһˡ￴, ԸҵԼĸֺ, ʱüЦ㡣
̫ĸ߳˷׷׶, лĦϵĸO@, ˸ߺ
Ϸ̨ǳĽɫϷذżѵõĹϹ, Ͷϵλáлǵһô˸ߺʺǧ꣬޷˵ģҲ̸ʵᵽΪʺķ
ЯһͬϸλлԼλǰ, ɿϵԼ°£˫ֽǰ, Ŀǰ
ͬڳѼ, ֱӿ硣һʱĹŮ, жżһظλϡ
ϸл˸ӣ, Щ͵ʱԸ㷹
лӣϹǳЦ, Ҫйĸ緶ܸ㶪
л˵ĵѶ϶Цˣ޵ӲֻԼԱȺþСʲôû˸˵㡣
Ȼ˵лʱעԼֱ̬泼Ӽ䴫˵͵͵Ľ̸ԽԽ˷ſֽţл滺˽񾭡
лĺвˣԼԼһЩڡ
лһǳЦӦǵһֳϣ⣬ʱޱָ䣬ȥԼڵ
ڴʱ뱻Ůӵ輧գ鶯ǰ׳һüۡ
л̧϶ϵš˵Щóʱͳ֣
ǰ˿ɲһˡ
ϣúúõģˡ
һ輧ʱͣס޴ػۿ¡
λӿͷϣǼ輧һСŤʵ̫ˣɻʵҪĸҷԣֻǻʵ۾òÿˡ
·ȻŮӵЦл·һλḾˣʶ
ḾЦţ£ʺׯһʱ԰ˡĪҪ⡣
лһ޹ؿϣλ
϶յǰʾ⣬ɩ㡣
л˼ĸöϽɩӣ˼ȥƺֻ١˵Ǹǰ̫ӵˣǰ̫Ůˡ
лŽеɩ
ǰ̫ʣϵǻ̫ӣͲ̫ˡɷʺ󣬶ҲסԼʰҡ
ʵΣϲ£ƾϻһɩӣ˸ҿ
δ磬𣬡ɩӿɺЩˣվȻˣΪλҪһꡣ
絭ӣֻǽڸ̫įˣմմϲ
һͻȻΪ̫ڲԸİɡ
һʱû˭ŤͷţһˣʱЦôȥˣŶд˸ɡ
ͬʶ磬ǰ̫ʱ˾ǰ̫ӡ˿˸й鴦翴Ҳô˳ˡкɣɣ
ɵ˶־Ů˽Σȥɲ
лһҳкõ۹ϣСڳţͬʱ֧רעһԵ̸١˵ʱͦ˼£û׼ϵĹȥ
ŸӸɣȴôƫСĸңǿ˭
磺̫ˡ
˸ĸɣɰ°ַͣϸûҪӹ˼
Ҳֻǿһ£ɲ֣ҪԸɣ
ӹÿɺãţƽƽɵƵġ
ɾͲôƽˣʱҪⲻˣأ㵱ӮΣڱᣬñλݲߣҲѾӵŮ˺á
һӺ漴ָɵдűҲǣϾˮĻʵۣ㡣
ɴһʼ̫żҵİ빬λ˭䣬͵ǰһ̻ܸԳб磬һ̾˵ĺ󹬡ڱԳǲɴĴڡ
Գǰ̫ӵ֣էȻɻЩİ
ȷӦǷ̶
粻˵ĻᣬҲ͵ˣڹʹ󲻳ɣ
ɵȷʵСͲһ̫̫˼겻˼ңµ۵ǻ빬ʵȻлϱʾǣͻͬģǲ˼¶ѡ
лĻʺĽǼٵġҲŮĽŬģѧҲû϶࿴һۡ
л۹Ц֪ʵѾܴˣں㡰ˡ˰ɡ٩Ŷϣϲɰģǳصģ
ҲǱߵ˵ɩҲǸģôЩҲû䣬ֻǻܲܲҪҪ̻ˡ
лʵǸ⣬ЦӦԣ㣬˿ɰ޻ϲȹȻġ
شл⣬Źϻϸæͬ˼䣬ǱߵĴǹս
л㣬ûа취Լϯͬ˺ȾƵֳпʱһɩӡҲÿˡ
֣һƬлԶֵʲôл壬ֻϳֳԵǳȥֳĲ
ʱлԶźֵܣʺڹͦãûϷ
Ƶعƣһһе¶Ȼ֧ŲסǲΪǸˣ粻ֲܿᣬ䲻ǽ
лԶοֵܲˣڵؿȿȣǻпܳΪ׼ҵġ
ԴЩˣлԶĻòʵ
лԶֱ׵Ȣˣһס
еصͷһֱӦֻлԶ߼˻ǵ޲ܻؼҴ·
лֳ棬ֵܾͲ̫ˣ̫ˣСԴȥֳͬ˵˵
ܾһ
һɫǰƣл˼лϵˣֻɢ̫룬˳ҲǸˡѾڳӼ侴һȦƣģε˶ǰܲϴѾܺˡ
ϺܸӵػӦ˸磬롣
лţ١ֽ˻ӷΪǸƽӹĻӣʲôʣڻʹǸп޵ˣȻʹˡ
лϣţʺ
лٸвʣǿάЦ΢΢ͷ
վҪվˣΡΡҪˤʱһ˫ı۰סл̾Ͳ³ȵ۵
١˵ȵȻӶ࣬ŵľʣϺֳˡ١˵ʱǶ˵˲١лӡľһɺ룬ĸŮྐྵȻعˣͬյĿһĸо
١˵Ϊп˵úһүȻԸŸϷѽѽسϷȥˣƯ˺һʱա
ʱھǣԼָ˸ϷӣԼһǶʱۡо̨֮ӳϷøײݡ
лǶȤֻڻʼĵطԵ°ˡ
ȥ񲻾ɨл˸ӡлջĿ⣬Ҳƿҷ
һ˿лԼ̫ˡҲʧˣö˼ҿ
Σյ𣬡ڿ˭
лһ飬û˭ˡ
ϲţʱʰ㵽ˡ
һͬ˵Щʲôлûüע⣬عѾ޷޲ƽػԼλá
л̾˳Ϸ˶ɱȵת˺ÿˡ
ϴߴЩԣһлѾ˰뱥ָСĲˣлҳôʲô㿴ЩټҷС㣬һĶǳھͷ¿ӣ˶ûô
ȰţǲһŲΪӣԷġ
лŷ˼ϵĻˣм֦չĹټСʱʱǿ͵͵ϵġ
лſӵֲԾȭӲˣ
СύʱȣѰ˵ġǿ˭Уϲɡ
лս϶ʵһ˿𣿡
ĪЦЦȻУҪȳԱ
л̴ӦҪŴŶ뿪ѶϲСǿԼѾ߽ϵļƻС
϶лԵչ𣬶岻ȥȥ㡣
лͷʾ֪ˡ
ۺͬʱȥȷʵãлù죬Ŀڣ̣лعЪϢλˡ
лĻĶУ̼˴롣µٻӰӡУлԶôˣ


51 
лȻ˳, Χ˹мͽˣϾʺֲĵ, ֻлļ˾ĲѣлԶĿ׷ȥѻ˼²ò
лԶֽƿ, ٵҲá
ĵײ, ⻰ֵ˵
лڳϯ, Ҳ˼ŮǣҲ, ͷ, лԶʣл˲쵭Ӧûд, ǵӽơ
лͬлһۣлСʱʱװ͵ÿα˶һͨٷȥ´λǸ͵, ֱԴë
ʱŮԶʱΪëͷ, ŮŹǽž˼ءлҲ, , ˽ȥá
лӲ뿪紵, ȣʳķΧȫһ뿪磬͸ûȥ·ȶˡ
ϯ϶һ, ͬλ׾ʹ󳼽̸󣬽Ĳɡλã񶼹ˡ
ʹüۣЦǳѯţʺɻãǣңȥ̽̽
֮ʵԣȴ֪ɩӾ˼Ǵס̲סǰ꿴ңɲûɩлһָô
΢Цžܾͷɩȥɡ
԰գϯڳ˺ȥ嵭ڶϷţµλϣͳį
ʱʱѾл뿪ʱһˡӦ˳뿪ֲһ·ĸо
ڴеżһ˿̵лɻû߼ͱǲ㵲סȥ·
Щй󲢲ߣԭţ໥ΪѲ֪ʲôϲ⣬ں󷽵١֣Ǻ⣿
١ֲòǰǰԾֿó·ŵĿ⣬١ҧҧ˵ô׼ء
ζʲô⣿
١ͬؿһۣͷ𲻺õԤС
١óһ˺ֽĺӣ涼д˳С񣬻ɺ󣬾ܽȥˡ
лдʱ١־Ա߿ţò̾˼룬Сǻࡣ
̧־ȥ飬лֵúܣԸܸ顣
һ
ᵽһ˲£⣬С˼ȻһСŮָ⼸ŪһһŵĻ˼ţӦûУ
СŮĶûԭ򵥣ϸоһ²̫ѡſʱСŮŵֶһ۾Ͷסˡ
ȥӣӵϾɢû״Ȼʧˡɫ
Զκ󣬿дηɵˡϲҷɣȥһš
ڶըѩ
ɻѣֱ١ְһƬյϣ˼ѩ˺١ֽ⣺˵⼸ѩͷ϶¶ӣеڣеûеģҪҵǸڵİѩը
Ȼ١øһȼ㣬ڡ
ЦֻҪ˳ЩӶŲˣлȻ᲻Ϊ
ù˺˶ԶЩˣǰ˵һѩˣȻŵѸٺ󳷡ɫ̵رճɺɫѩͷˣȻ󡭡·
Ϻһڶѩ˱ͷűֿٳЦ滹źüлһһµ
ЦС˼ôλһ˻˶ܲסֵһû¡׼лС˼һһһĺüˡ
ֱһѩ˴ЦԴըһ۵ѩǰһƬǡ
һʱЩ£Թ˱ﲻסĳЦ˫ֽճȭĨÿҲ֪ԼڶǱ
˿ʶлܺˣ㶼ܵȥл̫棬ĲĻ
һأһӭ磬Ӣ¾ץ˵ֽҪлСԴﻹʲô
١ͲСϹˣһЦỨĵˣ׼ɿдǣըѩ˶ѻȥ
ϿصѩճһƬǣ

лĴ֬㴽ˮĴȾһƬ̺ױƺϣ̧ͷɫѾɫˣʴأ
ѩأ
лЦҵҪʲôʱܽҡ
Ϸڣϸͷлȥŵˡñֱ˫ַǰգʱʱЬ⣬Щš
غ˼룬ſˣһȺӵؽǶˡ
һ˫ɫѥͣǰԱﲻϲ컰Ӧ·ˣʱҲһƬ죬ͬһ
١˵һףӸ˵ݸϡϽӹϤĳӸˣǵһлĸͷʱлⱻڵȫɢˡ
ɴлĸͷԸǰޱȵЦĶ֪ˣպͬлвͬδһĿˡ
лǰȻһͼĶһɫϲԵֿݣǣȫ
лЦ÷ģ򵥵СʽеţѾǰ˵ˡ
١ֶһ̽ӸԣлҲûҧһڣģ
˺ЦһţҲЦл֪Щǹ׽Ū⡣
١ֻҪ׷ʣлƫͷҪ˵ϸɴཫڵ˴򷢳ȥСӸǷЩǮǡ
ڴ齱߶£лŲŲ˼̫һѽסˣ㽫׽Ūĺòң
л۾תС飡
һԵľƺһллŽɫľѣ֪νĺƣؽСϵĸ첲棬ͬһⱭظʵľơ
ϵ顣
лҰ죬δζá
ָлһϲܶһ㡣
л̰˼Ƕϲͣظ̫ˣһȫš
һƼȫлĶӣЩɣκؿŶϣϵóһЦϰڴϣȥ
·治̫ý⣬оһҪʧȥӲģл͵ذס֣ţ׼ŪҵƯ·
μսлСٺЦ㷭ǰϰһ¡
϶ʱЦãһֻü⣬òײŽϲ¶ɫ£лԼڣ򿨶ϵ֣ҵģԼġ
濪ʼԼл뿴ֱֲӣСס۾¶һָ졣һСڶϵƤӵ£ϿƲ˵ơ
ȵҲ£˫۳лļ࣬𣿡
лͷȻǲ̫ˣŸոأ
ϣһ㶼ˣûסաǿơ
л£ԼؿڲԸöϼˣֽҪƿ
ϲǿģʵʲô
лţǲ̫ѣʲôʹʲôʵͷѹŵĻϿ¡
ùֻһҳͺˣʲôĶ̻ɱЩѧϰĲԶˡлŻ˵Ĳԣɺã
Ȼлһֱ͵͵ŵĻͱ˵ϣлͷԷͣѵ⣿
лȴȥԡ
лԡãʹӦˡ
ϱлѱõڵԡͰȽлʣļϽ£ɰ׵ļӳУԼŽлˮСڱһƬư׵ĻѸΧлӣڰڸӿˡ
лؿͰߣȵˮųһۣҲʼ´˰ѣҲҪô
ϷţȻأ
л޷ս۾ȥϣûüĦƽˮ汻ƵĻˮһȦȦ΢ļϣ䲻ԣҲ֪ǶϽˡ
˳ĽëѬˮ飬Ͽסıͷʪ۾
леĴỺƶһ㸧οŲġл۾ϵļϹˮ飬̲סˮϡ
ϺȣлˣЦǲҲܽţ
û˵лȷˡϽţƺ侲һЩˣӦǰľɣôһأ
ϼĬлĴ̾ϢҲǸкӰˣľ̸ֻ֮ⲻܸлôԶȥɡ
лƾеɷİ庢һıŶϼҪ˯ȥˡ
Ȼˮ춯͵߶˫ȣˮ
ԡͰĿռޣ첻ȽţֱϱֻһسİĸоߺŵΪʲôҪԡͰ㲻Ǵԡ𣿡
̹һŵԣˮﲻ䡣޸ԡ󡣡
л䣬С
һĶлϱë̺ס͵ϡԡͰеˮЩˣлһˮǾ䣬۰׵ɪ
ڴϣл˵񣬿ӱ˲붯İõöϸӡ
ԹС
л꣬ԼȥһԲϵˮ飬лʱɫı䣬˿ı棬塣
л̣˵ʲôˮﲻ䣬˸֮ݲݽˣлое㲻ϰοģҲͲٹˡ
ûһҲ˱ӣлסͷļļ䣬ڻ˯϶ϸû˯˸ָˡ
лô
ЦţǳϦأ˶˯꣬Ҳ¡
лڵʱꣿǰɡɣ

ҹл˱һ;䣬˶һƣ׵ˣ
ҴñӣǱסļ÷紵ţȻ
л䣬Զ˵ǹӣĹˡﻹ˴˷ıž쳹ǡ
۾ϲرסϵĲӣǲزסļǵ꿪ʼˡ
סĶţʵʲôˣ
л˼ش𣬶Ͼͱ̲ס˲ŵ
м
лòӣһֱһھբ̣㣬ӵл˽лǾ䣬۰׵Ŷϵȡůһֱϻ꣬ţΪʲôҾԽԽˣ
ͷӦѩˡ
лЦţĵһѩأѩ׷ꡭ
˯ȥ䣬лһҪǷ˳һ꣬ϲ̫ࡣ
ϵлĶӣ̾ţǰѩꡣ
һлرģ
˳˯ȥ֪ҹﾩԶһ졣


52 ü
峿, лʶδƣƤҹ, ˯̫ѡ붯ֽŷ˯һлȴԼʲôչԸۿ, һƬ׵ǰ, Ƕϻ˯ŵӡ
лһ, ȻͷԼ׵ϱ鲼ǳɫĺۼ뱻ֱĴʶԼǶû, ӦҲˡ
ҹһĻĻ糱ˮӿԺ, ˾ǡɶϰڲ˵ʲôʲô, ӽУиͣˡ
лٸԼڶǰ󾡻٣ߵֻٲӸסɱȫǶϳȵ, ˿Ϸϵˡ
лɴڶϻû, ʲô֪ʱ˽, лԾͱϵȥ, һסıһֳֺĽë
Сس, лͷŵҪ͸ϵ̴ֵĥһƬľƣ洩һɫı֯ľƵ׺šл, öϻûϡ
ƹϵĲӣлסܵزٽᣬľƾ͹˶ϵĲϡ
л˳ľƱڶļ䣬кЦȻһתлѹ£лһľƣʲôʱˣ
ϵͣ߹Ǵѣޱѵ磬ֻǲҶ˯ˡһ͵ҶòޣϢˣˣ
лʲôɴ۾ҹһֱ˵ʱƾöϵĻĪˣʲô֪ˡ
ȵز˵Ťͷƫֱϣµĺˡ
ùлеľƣüǸʲôȴ滹Ÿ֡
ʱЦˣǺ⣿
лͣǸԼģǸͨľȻľϲֵǮǸѽ
ָľϵġ֣˷ܵӵĳȸպܰľƵĿڣҲǡ
ʲôԶϵһͱ˷ʽʵȫһռˡ
ͷȥлĴһǡϣлϵֱۣôҪ
ϵĺأţóĻ𡣡
лһ̱ס˴˵廰ϻˣӦһ޲ϳʱ㡣
лӽòŶϵһһ
ϳԵлȾӣֵı仯лһʼҲܳرŹ֣ϷĶֹĻ˵ڡ
ͣŬǰʵôˣŪʹ𣿡
лٻҡҡͷԥβŴսߵ˵
һҲԼ

󣬶ڳлΪĨȥ۽ǵỨε˵̫㣬ˣҪޣô죿
лߺ޴ô˶ϵκμʽһεģ˵ġһǶġһ
лŶϵд˼ԹҲ޹̿˺ܾãȴǲл⣬ҪŬ
ˮϴôˣ
лĬشԹԼϴû١ָɴԴϺݺݴһ£ʡ
лϴϷ۾ױǰᷢױʰˣһԾžˡ
һعĦлױḶ́޺Ҫȥϳлδʱ͸ɰ׵һȾ֬ɫīķ˿ԺһŮׯĻʺ
þˣͲס֣ҲǰԡлüҪüʣ˼֡
лͲһˣĥĥȲҪüԼɡ
ϲãסлļ򣬡Ժü
лַ̧£ױǰöϷӡűƤϣȻѹ£лü۵㣬̫ˡ
սױǰȻһԺڵĺۼͻأسüϡϻҪлˣһۼŶϵֽüĸ첲Щ΢ʹˣԡ
лָ£üܣŵΪüлһʣΪǰûΪһü
һʣڶĿڡл̽ǰĹϵָ䡣ͬҸŨ֮ʱһбƣ
ϲԾƿĿ⣬뾵лӣޡߵ磬㻹˯š
ŶлŪ״̬ɢ̫⡣
Ĭشһлķ䡣лио̧ȥҲˣٲµġ
||һɵĽһС滹ϸգӱ£ⲻӣҵģ
Ͽ϶ţҲģϣϲ
л̾ϻļܣ˽ʯСȻǿתģŪţÿһƬİ滭ŲͬתѤޱȣл֣̽ڷϷĩβĽɫգҺϲ
ôӦúܷʱƽʱæһ˲ٹлȻǰˣǡ
һסϵظţлл
رл̰Ƭ̵´档СͻȻţмҪ
лһ٣ɿϵǲѡ
Ԥв飬߳ȥлС棺ϣҹĻڷըˣ
лǰˣ
СӲܳĺūҲ֪ŻͻȻ£˿鷿Żء
ϻлģȥȥͻءлĿͶȥͷзԽԽǿ
鷿⣬Ͽ˻ããѩﴩŵĹٷվסͣߣ˾ͼ
鷿Ͼ͸æƽĻڷô£
˼ػϣһ̻̻ĳھˣǹ꣬ѻĳƷ̺òʯЩԭϡ֪ôˣƫƫˣĶȫըˡҹŶȥֳˣֱˡ
˾ס׷š
ɰ̾УڷĹˣǾڷ˼ᡣЩ˶޼ҿɹˣҲۼһգ⡣ƼɽһƬοЩݽأ
ˮɲȥʱм˵Ѿȥҽˡ
ܾܲȻδ֪
ϷԸͳͲƲʧǸ̻ҵӴš
ϣɺȻʧش϶ϣϣС
⻰ǲˣϲ⣬Ȼؼջٵڷ˸ؽѣŵȫǻ|ҩڵĿӰ
ըըڸǵؽѵţһΪ˸ԭϵĵط˭֪ȥЩװɶԶڵǡȻһֱը꼰ѳƬмõġ֪ϳʲôʱֱë
һݣ鷿˵


53 Ʋ
ߺ, лԺɨѩĹˣҹͬ˵ѩǸͷ, ͷһվͷֲҰһ˳
л̨̧ͷ죬ɨµıӣⶫռɹ˵Ҳ, һѩС̫ԸȥøͰϵı, СЩ, ˡ
ǣС̫еĲ, кϼһͬȥ,
лתպߵնѩ˵һƬյءһѩ˻, ˻ûɨ
߽Ǹڽȥѩˣѩ˵ǲһˣЦٳӣӦѩѵġԱ߻һ΢СһȦѩ, ͷż÷С
лĪͶ, ߵ淢Ǻ滹ŸƴСѩ, ֧֦ĸ첲ܿɰ, ˣԼĶ
ѩ, Ķ˰ɡлΪ׽Ūϣ˿ûҪռض, Ҫأ
ٽţϲŻŲҴţһҪæӡлĬĬ̾Ϻ¶ЦŸϽŵĴ멣Ū𣿡
Ϻһڰл޵ŵе鷳
򵥽ڻڷķ֣лޱȣ̻˽ƾ|𣡡
šϵѻָƽлȱ𼤶
лôܵԼţûи游ȥսļ䣬ҲֽЩƳжô̻ץ𣿡
ϣѾȥץˣռ֣˷Ҫǣ̲˽ˡ
л԰ץס˾ͺá
ɻô౻˵ĹˣлЩô죿
ϰο˹Ӷδ֪ȱ˵˲ſɶᡣģ޹Ȼ¡
лٶԣöšˮûȣæһ磬϶ࡣ
ȴʵкμ⣿
л͵Ͱһϸ˼ҲܼذϣƲ̼ԼӦòðַգм׬Ǳ˱ȣúӦջġ
ϵͷʱ̲ѶûӦþ
лţԲǵĿĵҩȥδܿܲϣǿŴԭ֣Щʯ֮̿ģ϶ͳһȥϼҲá
Ҳд뷨Ѿڰȥ˵סˡ
лʢһϣȺȵůůӰɡ
Ͻӹᴵ£پһɢȥ
л˵ģڲôҲû˼ţеĿӳٳٲΪЩ˹궼ʡ͡
ϸпЦ궼æúܣΨЪЪ
лظϼһ⣬Щ
ţ̿ͣҩнյĻ|ҩ
㵽׵˶˰л޲ܴض㣬ǳϵĹȥ
Ϻ޹޾û˭Ҳᱻ˶ϣλñ˿㣬Ǳǣġ
Խ˵ԽеΣͳȥ漴еر֤޲㡣
лЦ㼱ʲôûй㡣ޱ͸ùһС
԰л˼ţ˵£᲻ᶼǳͬһ֣֮̿δָֹʹҶ˽ƻ|ҩҲͼı
л࣬̿͵ĿǶϣлΪֻϵ˽ػ|ҩֻǡ췴
ϵпܣǵĿĶλӰˡ
лϣľٴĻ˽Ӵͨʲôмϵ˳ϡⶼչȥˣȻһû𣿡
лпҲ̫סϵˣĻ֮ǽ˲ɣ
Ҳɻ󣺡ݼ˵ЩӳʳĹˣֻȥͲε̫࣬ûʲô֮ˡ
лţ̫ࣿ
šü㲻ȥͲˣ
лصͷ̫ࣿ
ϣ̫˵㸴
лæҡͷǿҵط񶨣ûУҴûʲô̫ࡣ
ͻȻĬл϶ӣͶ˱˴˵뷨лı⣬ôôɣ
δҲ̫˰ɡ
лԸȥһֿܣˣһֱڰжŻʹ
ôСĿӶûŹ
ϾزԣƬ̺϶лţˣһԻʹޱϤ
ΧͻȻСλϤʹģһͬһڹм̳ȨĻӣֳ


54 
лѯʣûĸ
ӡ󲻹ǹϴҴһ, ֻǵǸˣǸŹƵ
ü˵, û֤ݡǸ˿϶ͷнβͣԼǲ
лҲ룬ضʲô, ڷһըȫǵļƻ, ЩʱҲҲֵַġ
Ǹֿ̼вһʳʲô, һֽײֱӽӴкܶмϵ, û˳ȥ, ˿һжɱϵˡ
ļ, лðֵټĶׯأϾȻл䡰ϳɡˣ·ͻȻ, ɻûʧʱĴϻۻ
һ˲Ļ㱾лǲʲô
һ, һӲ˷л, , ٲԶҪˡ
лȻһӣöϵĶŲ, ϲи⣡
˿ϴл뷨л˵߱Ȼһؿɰ, ¶ϲļƻεЦЦҲ̫Сˣǹ֮ơ

ݼ
ϷѾסٲٱˣֻµĺۼԶʲô¡
ӣضֵؿⱳĹĹ綼ûȥ
һ죬ǽһģһķ˷޵ǰ뿪ʳп˵ϿҲ㲻Ϸʢķй¼Ÿиʢ·ûټǵǸҲֻǴҴһ۾Ҳûֹ
ȻĽС΢̲סԹڵӣȫΪˡ
Ĳɵùţ˵ζûôЩˣԼʰиʣŻʳͳȥЩûһźˣһ鶼Ϊǿҵ𽥱ꡣ
ֻܴסƢŰ壬˵ʲô˼Ƣ;ԽԽû˼û뵽ϽǽӾôѹ̾һı״ֻܷԼԽԽ㲣еĹⶼɢˡ
һ㣬һ𾭶ʱ䣬Ψһֻܻзˣɷ𾭵ЧҲԽԽԣ֪վͱûãҲزˡ
Ŀ찾סˡ
ʱ⴫һɧĳؽŲмײһЩ쵫Ů˵
ȥʲôˣĪĸЦɡ
޵űƿкڣϵһͬһûĹŮΪ׵ĹŮһץסĿ⡣
ûױӿŮȲˡ
ǡ᣺棬ֻͳ
Ϊ׵ĹŮū·ĹŮ£չӡ
˭ģ
ͬλŮ໥񸮵ܹ̫ࡣ
⣬ڱܡ
ŵ߳ѾҪʰ׼뿪ˣʱסһʵô¡
ֹػش𣺡ǻ˵ﰲؼȻٶЩʲôҵˡ
ɻԽԣ֪ģͻȻųȻĪĸʲô
Ȼ׻ⱼҲֻǸ׳־Ͼ˲ڴʱ¶Լ
£޵ּλŮȻڽ޵ᣣǳס֣˭׼Ƕģ
ŰغصᣣԾﲻѣڹôᣣÿãһ岻ɡ
γ˵ЩֻϲڵĸоаȫУһȥɣûϰߡ
ЩԥժͿ˷ĻҳЩſ϶ܾöûˣūȥϴϴЩµĸϰɡҲܺһЩ
ЩҡҲãǸһܾöݼﲻҪĲ֮ɡ
Цòãż˽ݼͳͳ£һȺ˿ʼɨ޵Լ
ߵǰԼ£ٴ⼸æµĹŮǵĶԾרעؿһ߿ͻȻֲˮȻǸĻЩ̡
Լһˮܺһ磬ҪǸݺõʱȼˮͲԸҲûӦǹŮոջϵİɡ
ЩӣΪЩŮܴ˺ãҲ֪ʲô
ʣδ´ţū½ĹŮʵǲ֪ʲôΪֻ񸮵ܹѡǼʱ˻ʺǺ
ţȻǻʺ𣿡
£ū澲֪ʺΣʺʺǹġ

գлſڶϿɵ۾Ҫϰסô˯
л֣ţˣȥ
ɿҲл˵Ҫ㣬Ҳ㸸顣
л·ʵЩ|ҩҪִ𣿡
ȥ·ţǣøŷŲ˾еĻڷּڷҲ˽ƻҩǼ̻µģĿǰûв̻ҲнҪ顣
лЦսõĻҩԸŴãⶫ۹󣬺ѵãĲܶ٣乫ǲ
ϰлһ·ſʼԼģǣô
лѾЬӣͷϽҪˣ󺰵һȼ㸸֣Ȼٴǹ
ãлӦͷҲصس䡣
۰ͰĿлţҲûһۣ̾ϢлҪͱˡ
ùţл˾ˡȥ鷿лĸ׹
лʱŮڰһǳӳԣɫй⣬λʵسȲ裬ʱʱµȶ֪ʲôҲûУڹĺأ
лϲס
ȻСһ˽ĸ׻ﱧסƵл˴Դɿ֣ĸ״ڡ
лϴҲǵһлŵʱʱһľۣǲѣͬڼлľȫͬ
лĸ裬˫ַϣĸ裬Ƕøҵĺܲȥʱô
л˽ӹյȻ֪лڰȣ˵ҪŮ£ֻˣǾסغ£ŮڹҪֽʲô˶ģ¶ʻϡ
л⻰˶죬ʲôô˵ô񣿡
л˳ţ˵ǵ㣬ϴãͶһЩձˣ㻹ҡ
лĸ׵֣ĸ׷ģҲ˳ҶϽһʵһ˽ҵ
л˱ˣٶ˼лڹΣ͸⡣лҲʲô¡
лЦţǼҲƽƽҲ֪磬Ҫˡ
лϲ𣿡
л˵ͷǼҲʶĲģǼӳǸϣСʱ򻹳أ
лˣǰչĲأδէһûϳ벻һԵ֣лʱпСʱͬ׽Ҷ飬һͦġ
ȡɤӣ߽лһ
ô·л̧ۿ˶ĸ׺ֳлҲˣæ
ϣ·ûûƾлϰĶҲ֪ˣ˵ǸʲôĲ̫Ͷˣ
л߽νˣлĬصͷлԶЦõļ
лŸ£б۾ֳЦҼǵĲҵĹǸһŮӣһСء˼Ҵأ˼ҹԸ𣿡
лԶεŭϹ¡
л죬һôˣһͲ佫˼ֻСףǲ۸˼ң
лδɩӡ
л֪лѾ̸ˣʥּ
лС΢ţϵ񶼲һԭҲһš
|ҩ¶ͬлҸѾ鷿̸ףʱ˾һһҳĵů˵ʱ¼ҹˣˣʱѵ˵ز¼š
߼˵ʱлܲᣬһ·ߵԶϱҪϣ뻹ֹס˽ŲлӦжĿռ䡣˵лֻҪˡ
лתŮȥɣ䡣Լɡ
лҲֻԼҲ˷ֱ𣬲ӦǺúչԼлԶԺСɩ
лѵÿڣŮϴã㵱лҵҾ֮Ϊǽѡ
леģ
лصͷջϻ鷿лϻۣؿһصͭлֽǼˡ
лϤĻⶫǼҺöˣȻʸģϵǻл黹תлϲֵã


55 
߼, л߻˿鼫Ϊ죬ͷȸԾ, ˶԰ãЩǣңԼڹϺҲǷġΨһıΨлڷ, Ǳ߻ĵȴһʱ, һ
߽޵, ľϣһſŵذӡӿǺɫм, ӵǸɸɾʢС, ûɼġ
̾ڶϵ, 㲻æ𣿡
϶ûͣ߰ߴţʱ仹еġ
԰գϽлǰ, ԰ɣͰ, , ϻ𡣡
лԹԵصͷ, Сڳţ˵, ѻָˡ
ǵõǳʲôԭϽģֻǼ򵥵Ϊµ۵ǻҪ£Ȩ, Ϊ±¼ɣµΪлҹ߸ѹأ
ȷ룬¶ϴ˿ȷʵ۰Ǹʵۣ˼ЩҺǰֿǸеȨһЩֻҪȵģҲ޿๡
šϺȻȷţл֪ʲôᣬľ޵ǻʱ㸸ҪϽԼ꾭ˣսˣ˵Ǹ粻治ٰȰ˵û
л룬һֱǸǫˣֳӣʵǸȵԼ߻˶
ϼǣûػȴ֪˭ͳ˧ҳľӣһֱš˼ȥֻ㸸ý|ҩĻᣬָ˻ȥҲİ
л°ȣ϶ǷصľڶϻзݿءͼŬϴ߷磬ҸһֱҾģӲվӣֳʵвţҸŸȥǰߡ
ȻֹסǶϵָĴ϶סĻӯӯˮĹ󣬾Ŷ˵¡޶
סһ仰ĺ壬ʵδɹļˣǸ̫Сģ̫Ƕһֱڰ
΢΢ףǳǳЦţǸжճʲôĪֱһ£ӻŪˣ
Ӱˣָⶼ˻ңӡлͿ˴֬ĺ촽һںڵӡӣûĵرЦָлһƴ䡣
лתͷ㿪࣬ԽԽô죡
޿κεջ֣ٶɾԼҲлһͷֵе˺üʹĺ
ӵ̧һ룬ް޲ܳԣ
л˫ַϵӣܣá
ϺȻ𣬡лҪڼҽˡʶ
ûлȻ˵һֻǰ
л̹Ȼϣţڴ缸ǰֳͬΪҪã˳̹Ҷ飬֡ڴ綼Ұʦˡ
ڼôвţϳζĥôְ
лǺܵ𾴣һЩ
лпҸ㰡ĲһӶǶˣֱǿ鳤ģҲ֪ڴôŵôҴһ𣡡
н䱸жΪύֵܣѲΪˡ
ʮ壬Ԫڡ
лͬԺ֧ӣһ߳Ԫһ¡һɫĴ룬һʢһŰ۵ԪᴵţСҧŴƤĺ֥ڶרڶٳƤ
üлһԪ̣ĺںһƬʲôԷ
ĥĺ֥ŨǵлɢóԵĳԡ
ϲٶ˵Լ˼Ԫ㲻ٳˣⶫ̫壬ƫƫлϲųԡ
ԪѽڣҲﻹеƻɸ԰־Լ޹Уƽһ塣ʮ壬ۺ飬ǵӣԺÿһ춼ǡ
ݼһ䣬ļ̷ĹŮҲû߹ҵҹԺеĹŮɢȥ̷ֻߵ»һֱң̲ͣס˵䣬£ʮһˡ
µͷ񣬡ˣū澲һ
̾һʲôõأãҲ塣
ԥԥؿڣǼįˣū˵˵ļȤ¶ƶ
Ҳãֽ̧ϵ磬ŻڣһŶסͷھ׵ҹգɻҲ֪ôˣôô

лѶļԪ̽Լţ֪㲻ϲҾͲˡϲ֥黨⼸ڶˣ㲻Զҡ
ȰٳЩⶫ𤣬ܡ
лƫҪԣ΢һ˯ͺˡ
Ҫ죬ǿ
ʲôһ죬⼸նϺ˯رأֻ˵˯Ҳ˯
ʱֳȥƻᣬֻڹ㻹ҳԾˡ
ԽԽʧ䣬⹬ĸоʵ̫ˣ
лĲԸϲԾָƬ̺޴ȥ
лĻ漴ϲѣ˵ģ𣿡
֣ţȥװ|ǽߣһͻ
ۺȻ׳СڹﳤûȥΣʲôҲֻ̫šʱĽЩԵҲͿˣίл
˼ػһл·ۣȡ·ΣֻһɫȹͷһһõδŮϻһɫĳվл̾һԡ
ϴлʹǣлδֱԽԽ٣䣬Ψкķ
л̼ͦܳʵ̫˷ˣɭʵӰ첻ʵİ
乬ϼ̴
лһƬưܵĹ޹Ӧûסʲô˰ɡϵǻһʱ䣬Ҳʲô˱乬
Ͻţ乬ˣǷȥ֪
л乬Ĵڣʵô͵͵ûһôճЩĶ϶ݸ鷳
ϵЦ΢˽á
л̾ĴָͱԤ׵ؼŸ첲˷ܣҺסԼ
վߴܿԶĵƻˡ
лקŶһԾ𣬡ǳ
һ·ṦģȻȺУʱ̧ۻл࣬ӿ˳š
лַ첲ϣ
ԸϲزסЦ⣬Ѿ֪ϲôˡ
лϣĲڽϣǱֵķΧȾʱӭһͯŽ겻ȼ̻ˣûˡ
ԵĴȰţ̫ΣˣΪյİȫǲŽ̻Ҳûð취¡
Сӻǲ̫ˣǴл߹еʱǹǵлˣתЦ˶㲻ء
ӣЦӦԣӲģҪšԾҪʲô
Դӻ|ҩըϾһɲȼ̻Ҳܵ㣬ΪĻ|ҩһը˲ˣŵһƬɽջˡǾôһ֪Ƕ˼Ҿ硣
ɰղЩֻûյԼϾͲǵ£Ǳнȼŵ̻𲻻⣬¶Ǳ˲Сġɶո벻ûеģϻѡǿл|ҩԱհΣ
԰˵ΣδһֱڵȤȴˣԹصҲû׵ˡ
лپʵҪȫ֣ҪᣬԼʱ䣬ͬǣŶϵ֣ǰûɣҶϤ䡣
лһƵӣŶ߹ȥϽϵĿƣĻƻġ
ϸл߽ӣɫĻһӦǸաһ֣ɫòʾܼһȺˣϰյλɾյƸ˿ɺãֻĵձѵȵһյƣ²Աһյ
Ҫ𣿡ʣȻΪлѡһյƸˡлӻãʽ̫ŰĲʺҪĲõľʽС
Ŀɨһյ״ĻƣһֻӶţȼŹ⣬ֻ䴹СӻɬһӾ뵽ʱɬлʱ˼ָյƵҪǸ
л˳ŶָķȥҲϲɫ𽫷ɫֽӵյķٷɫܿɰյƾǰһλСȡ£˺˵ա
ϰæ˸񣬡ɣӷˣշűһλӲˣٿġ
ϲϲʽǮյлϲڴ磡
ŤͷһɲͼĲյ
лէȻΪԼˣϾôܳأ
ֱľȻظԴлȷԼûʡ֮ӳеģĻʵۡ
Цż۾ųˡ


56 
лæһ, Ҫгͬ͵ܳġ
ᣬס, лǾɲеӵƲ֪룬ϴȵһ޹
ϰ循ȵλʶ
еĵƣ°Ȳ, ʶͺðˡ˿ŶǼΪ, һСϰ˭ﲻ, ˵, λСҲеĵ, 
ߵĵƣϲ, ҪøлǱλСӡ
лһ̫˼գ෽, ʾͬһ𵽱˵Ҫ˼ҵϰ⡣
Ŷߵֵһ԰Ŀտλ, ԶӵȺϹһ׵, ȲעĿ, 𾴵Ҳˡ
࣬, λǡ΢˽ã
лڶڴһЦüĿ䣬οˡҶ࿴, æƫͷʹ۾ҹɫģĵ棬޵ز֪һ
лɤЦ⣬˵Ǿǳߣڴ粻ؾ񣬽ƽձɡڴôֻһ˳
էһڴμûϳվȺУϻŵļįʵеԶ
ЦҷĹϿһۣ͵ֻһˣЯûԼģֻ˦ȥϿӵˣҾԼߡȥգû뵽ǡ
ҲҪյƵģҪȥ͸ǣϲȥ
лȷʵͦϲյɰĵƣҲǷҪɣҡҡͷˣڴ绹͸ðɡ
ڴñСأҲϲϲʽڴεЦЦ˵ԼãҪġ
ɫõظ̣ӲҪհʲô
ǮϣҴڹյƿɺã
ĸңյƾǾ˻ϲû뵽ˣĳδѣǮ㵱͸СӰɡ
ŵƵڰУͣлǰһֱδջأ¡л˼յ˼ܾϣһӦûУ㻺ֽӹӵƣϲ֮Աллڴ硣
ûע⵽ʱϵˡ
ԼҴҲˣȥŹȥ·ųȻɫӵĿתضſԽԽϲǶϳҪ·
໤ţгζôϲ
ϵĹţллԶɫĽͷŵİڣΪţһıʫ֮ˡһξ봦һλ˫٣ɫСĹǹｫֻлԶļ򣬱ס˰ӣлȫ
߽ˣл˼磬лԶŶ侪ת˵ˣѯô£ΪʲôһȦʹֵܳˡ
Ų̽ԴؿšлſģСܹԵӣˮ󣬱Ǽ΢е죬ﱧš飿
л۲δɩӵʱ䣬Ѿǽֺ£ҳ֪롣
л٩ţմı𣡡
лԶƳһۣ˵רŻĲ·ƫҪ˵
лĵ٩˲٣ȴǲ˵䲻ҿлߵˡ
СɩӿǾнлǰں档
СʱʱлԶȥĲ߶ԼСأ͸СˡôСһˣűͤŴŴضšлԶԶǱ߿ֻܿİСӡ
벻һת۶δﻹ顣лָʵСɩӣŶҪ𣿡
һСɩŬҡҡͷһָָлԶıӰո·̯ϲ飬ġ
лȻˡݸͶá
˴һ̲סЩ£лã˵ҩʲôģЩǲҪʹԶͷ
лС̧Ƥ۲ǰŵ͵·ԵŮӣſԼʵֳ˵лҵλŮÿÿἰֳ˶ʻԶ˵л֮ˡ
л˻ʺŮӵĵ䷶ԼͬĲ󣬶֮ݵġʵʽӴȴڻʺֱȾԡ
лűͣ£Աߵʯ˴ɾĵط£к
ԥһǵطл̫ˣƽƽôʣлһθȾ£
лЦ˽ҡԺɩӣҵļһҺˡ
תת۾벻̫лļô̽ʵ
šлļʵұඣ
صͷνı仯˼ĹϵֲһȴлһʣŻ
޼֮СͬСǼİ·һģǱʾ׽Ϊлţʱʱϼ䣬˷ܡ
֪ʱÿ죬˶ˣ˵Ļû˵ꡣ
ѵôлôã̫ʱˡίȴҶ˵ôԶʵ̫ҵĵˣлټܻϻˣûס
лԶ죬һ˵
ɴ۾Լ˵ˣûûúõؽУ
лԶʱ䲻磬ԺټĻᡣ
ʱȷʵˣϵ˿һ̯Ҳʼֻ̯мһӻţǿҲˡлžϰ˲٣ͬ͵ܳûκ˵ȷʵܹ̫á
ǽձ㵽ɡлߣͬлԶڼø
Ϊصټ
лһͬڰ־͸ŶˣɻûȥϾʹʣڼѾͷô㣿
רз
лΪ⣬ôвһô׽ô
Ҳָлռֻεظпڼרſģ񲻶ԾϲĵƣڼҵûרзлвΨһˡ
ԽԽƣƫƫлʱϿˣ˵յϵҲˣûͱˡ
΢ЦճȭŽֵعķߣϺȻһӵģһл
ϰⲻãҪ̯ˣּλæдλСèöǾƷ֣˼ġ
ǺܶղʶΪɽèüʲôûУȥץˣƾʲôô󣬿۾ˣһҲûȥ
лҲûôСɿɰĶȻҰ|Ĳһûֻ˾۸񣬡ʮ
лӵĵƣϾҪߡϾȻˣлĸ첲קһŵƤӣߣǻؼң
ϲɽϸѡƲ֣
л±ƣ֪ĸҲˡקҲק
ÿɰлòеĶѡԣ
ѡ˺һѡһֻɫСӣˡ
ĺüǣлӦòˣ
ϰЦŰöӴ׽Сӣ͹٣Ӽ
Ǯֻл˵ʲôҲܿϰܼңһӲҪˡ
лɶһۣɹ໨Ǯ˼
Ǯϻﱧһֻֽŵӣл棬ҴִֽſŪСһ޸ơ
лûƢˣ֪ô˵ϣִҪϱҲ
ϼţղҲСһ￴˶Բԣ֪ϲ
ֳֿؿлһл͵ӵƸ˶ϣرСӺš
Цлڲʱʱ̿Ƶˡ
лͻȻ֪Щʲôйӽ⿪Ӱɡ
ϵǣ⿪ˡ
л⣬˾ˣǸûԵ֡ô̫ˡ
˵л˼ӵǸڵܲ⿪ΪɵлǰСβë޵лȥ֧࣬Ƭ䣬ʾ
л⻬ƤëѾϲָУһ·᲻÷ſϾ֪ĿĴˡ
ǣʲô
ٴλص乬ĹǽβöϴţлԼ֪ķȥϡ
䣬леܾʵлǰ
лְ̧ŻСʵС乬ˣ治һץסڹҵԵģڶСӲ֪ɵô£ľһܵͷûС
л룬СҲ
ʱлŵѾȼˣպ乬ƬڵĹУʧһлŨҹɫУΨʵɫǿµ·
Ͽ߼лǰ߳۸ӵĻ֮أлΪ乬Ϥ
΢ɲһ٣ŴǻʵۣܶԼļҲ𣿡
лʧЦҲԼ˾ϻûʲôҷͻȻиͷǲ乬סҶˡ


57 
ңһƬĹ, ʧĳֲ֪СлŻֹСӻ֪޾ǰߣ߳ȥһξŷ߿ˣͷͷ, ֻ˸Ӱ
ôˣ
лˣǴȥ
ովӵ֣ɫˡʱз紵, Ʊ, ۾, ܿɰٲߣͱȻȥ
ˡϸлĲ, ͬһ
лδ, ڸⰲԺԺ߶ĹŮ̫඼ˡɻؿ, ֶҲɫأӦʱע⵽쳣ˡ
л߾裬Ų߽ƽľϸ֪Χһж, ȴ޵ûʲôˣƺֻ̫˹˶ЪϢ˶ѡ
԰, ƿ޵Žȥ, ֻһյҪȼĵơоյýӽ, žĻٿشڸߣӳ˴ǽ
һԵ̨, Żû𣬸æ˻硣½½ȼյƣյͨ͸
, ˣӯ䣬лǿİȫУɵغһЦԼŻԼ
ϣ裬һϣһԼ¡ĲˮµģӦǸջһʱ䡣
ţʵ˶ȥˣ
˵ţ̽ӴŽˣ໹١ֺСӡ
˽й񣬴ˡū澷ſֻʣ룬ͻ϶֪ټֱҪŻˡ
лǸؽͣͬʱû˵ʵǲ̫á
Ŀڣݵؿ١֣ū澲֪룬ȥ֣أ￴˿ͻϻµ·²ӦԼȥǱʲô˽ˣǲҪţ˸Ĺǵȵȡ
١ֱ䣬Щ˼ūţ𷣡
лڰ֣м١ֵһӦǽѹ£ִ˱ȫ¶֪Ͼۺ³Υء
´αһǰǡл룬ô˵´λ֪ҪʲôʱˡճָϾͻæ´пջ˵׼ǺʱôҲѵˡ
ϷԸʱ磬ǵȵʵˣ¶һɡ
ܳʹʲôˣҲ⣬ɹʱϸˣ͹һˣûҪ͡
Ų񣬱ϾʵҲ㲻ʲôжʧ󣬵ۺʲôΣȴɴҲǺпܵģɶʵײ
лҲǸͣ⼸̴ֻǺѵõģȰǼ䣬ǰ£Ǳ㵱ǹڵǮɡ
˻ۣΪ˼Ӧˡ
ϵͻȻûãֻצӰסлʣ˰뱭ĴɱԵԴȥˮȣԴأû¾Ͱѱѹˣһ˵עɫĲˮ˳ŵĽ
л㵣ĺӽ˱ѵһ·㶼ͦԵģôյҾʹ
ȥӣ١ֽϵĽ»µģæ˼¾ͽǽʰãлﻹ֪ʲô
ϵˣŪˮȣ衣
Сȥ˱İ׿ˮʸллбιֻͷΪѵ˼¾ͲˣСԴлꡣ
л±ӣЦźСڣ
һžע⵽ʺߵСˣǵһμôƯӣŷģַ׳ɵȫһʺֻӺ
Ȼŷӵ˵Ӳôˮġ
лûӣ治֪ȻЩŽŰɣ̫ȸض˯ѡ
˫ؽӹͻȻһűϸߣ˴һæҵֽסˣǣ
ʵҲ̫Щֻŷʦ˵䣬רȥ̡
úϰĵƸ١ŷĺʸ١ֽӹ⻨ƺӾ֪ۺϸʲôȥˣ룬̲סһ䣬ʹëĲˣԺϳлӽҹֵʱ򣬱˶͵Ϯ׷ˣ̫Σˡ
л֪١ΪǺãһһӦġ
ҲȷʵˣȻе֣Ҳסһֱ˶š
һڵȻۺ󣬼˳װˣˮõۺԡޣǱ¡
лѾϰ˱ϱԡˣЩˣΪлٸԼĶ½ˣز붯
ˮʲô룬ֻǶôõ顣ҲǴܲɻڸϴҲΪһܳÿҲึġ
ÿԡˣϴܼ򵥣лһˣϴպˮ£䡣лһ͸оԼ̳ˣϵˣЩ˯ɣ컹Ҫϳء
ϰһԼҲȥ˵
л˫ֻסϵĲӣӸһһεģˣôͣ¡ĸԼ𣿡
ϰβ̧ͷžľʺ󣬲и
лɴȥˡʱͻȻǸ˵ֻгһʮĶϣƵʸոպãˡ
ϲ˵ǰϹ֪˾ߣ֪ΪʲôҪؿշصӡ
лûĻشԴ˯ˣһȡ
ڶʱʲôʱߵĶ̫ŻЩЩϳıȶϲܶлس壬ϡ
꼸׽лϷۣͷšڶϵλŸ׳˶ܲеû졣
ûŵȶ³ţ˰ºĵһ죬϶ѻ˲£СҪȡ˶ϣСɣźܲûһƫƣܲת˰ȦͲɱſˡ
߳߿Ҳú˼ȫ͸յơùţлԺɹ̫ΧСŮͣеĻҲΧֲң⿴ŻʺﶺŪҲȤˡ
лͻ룬˸ӳ죬ȻסֻȶȻлЦŶǸкӣ
λСŮߺڵЦ֣ϸսͿһĻˡ
ʧΧð֮ǹŮæлŴӳĿɰлָ̧ͷֶϲ֪ʲôʱˣ鲻̫õӣЩ
лһ˲õԤУϽ޵еʵôˣǳ﷢ʲô£ǡ𣿡
߲ѣ糯֮¶˵衣˵˵úúõģûﳼֿʼеûţĺ֮¡˵ŮӲ٣һδŮʵڡ˵ǡ
Ƿ޼ӣͨŮ룬ǲʲô⡣ҪһȺŮ˶ӣǺܻܿȷ˲ˡ
ﳼȻ˵ί񣬵ﻰ˼дֱԲȰȥ̫ҽΪʵۼ縺ŻѪΣ̫ҽƣʰģڹ˽Ƕá
֪ЩǸʲô飬϶Ƕʲô
лϵŭһ͵Ƿƨ
֨ĽлĲɵذŻСԸﳯ˲²⣬Ƿ˶ϣҲĨɾ⼸յ͸
вУ֪ܲ
лԽԽˬΣյضŶϣҪȥ̫ҽ֤һ£
޲ȥ붼ûֱӾܾȷʵл˵˵ˣҪǰ϶֪ʲôֲ޵ӣ֪ˡ
ȥ̫ҽ֤ﳼӵ޶˲²𣿶̫ҽܿ彡Բ˵̫ҽԺǵĺж뵽ˣ͸˳ǵ˼ȥˡ
л׷ʣô죿
Ц˹ڼѳвˣ޸Щͺˡ
㣡лٹܶϣ˺ĲлǾ֣ôôأƫƫ˵|ҩ֮ᶼ¶
лϵʱľأܵ˳
˳л˼·룬˼תƳص㣿
ʲôǶԳ˵ܱȻҩɳ˾|ҪһǻʼҵҪ¡Ͼը˼ջûмԱ⣬|Ҳѱս鲻Ļ֮ˣⲨ|ɣԺҲûлᰵ|¶ʹ˵ƪҲǲС
Ҫעִ˲ƣĻ⣬Ƕ¶עӸǡȷʵ˺ӵһЩ⡣
ų˭ͷԼˡ
лڳ˼һ˵ɣҲڵĶϣһֱعˣŵǲǡʲôⰡ
ʱˣ˭ܻлС
лæؽͣҲ˵㲻УǲеʲôĲ
˲л˼̲ס룬ܿϡ֮ǰûлеΪûЩŮˣûвûϵ彡ĺܡ
л˵ͷʵŲٳȴԾԼӣ޸һȴûжҲеˡ
һȻͨʲôò֮ǰ޺ֻ˯¶й¶˰ɣ


58 
ԽԽпǱ֪ˡ¶֮ǰʵ, ùŮǰڷźˮӣȻǶȥ٣һҲû, ͦģ̫󶼲쳣Ȱκ󹬣ûķ롣
֪¶һǺ޹Ů, һܽϢ, ϵԺĵһ˾
ȷʵȾ, ô˵ȥ֤ҲǺġ
󣬶Ȳл, ȴԼӲ˵, ͷ֪ʲôʵԻô
ڴСӵл, 
ֱҪЦˣŷɵĶϣһӸһ
ڰ, ֽҶϽӹʵ, ˺ôڱһ޹, ֪ʲôҲ, ֪лôˡ
ӦһףлǲǶ, ǡ
߽лڵԵ, ǵ£˵ʲô
лҲļֻǸп֮ǰ̫һֱǣڳҪߡ
ЦǴ߹ߣǿԲ
ѾŬˣǺӻûʱδǱ˳Ȼ
лҲͬţһСأ
ʵڶһ֡ԼûĸоȻߵһڸѾǸһŮˣԼȱʧĳɳЩ˼仰ܲϵģǵþûУҲʱ㱡
л˵ԼСһʱ鸴ӣȷʵСٸҲлΪСòлһʵϾҪʮˡ
лһ˲佩ӲȻ˶ˣҲ
лͷҲھӦܽˣһж
л࣬𣬡ϲС𣿡
лŵӦڴиһɰĺӡ
ػͷɫöһһͷϺɫС߿ɢưƤëϡ̫ˡϲһ桭̫ˡ
ܴлĻܵԺӵĹעǳڶԺӱϲԺӵû̫оΪԼʹӲǸĺӣֻ˶һЩϵˡ
ﹰȥСӣлʵǾôˣЩ޶˲¼ɵĳӣ
ȻվǱ졣
ճ֮ϣ˭͵רǵĺլ֮¹Ĺģ׶ӵֲûУԼﻹûؾͱһ춢ʵ۵ĺˡ
ļѣôأϾλε˵˽£ʲô¶ͬôĨÿӡ
ҲԼŻʵ۵ĺǶô£Ȼ̲סԼɣʵ۵ļ¾ǹ£س̶ȸЩǲһģļӦǲ˵ˡ
µƿԣ޲ҸطȥϾ͵㵽ΪֹˣȻ˲ٻò겻£ʡһ̳ܲġ
˼ĳӣۿԼλֳڳǰ
ˣ˭᣿һǸϷ棬ʱʱھд̨ӳϷðΧۣԼΪۡһȺѣڸѰ֣£Լҵ硣
Ƥ඼ǼãϾǻʼѪȥ
вδʱе˭ߵýѾһ飬Ȼһлжϳ˴Ǿ˴һʼעԼݣ֮ǰͼƻһС
˪ϮǾԱĵأǣɻ黹Ϸδ飬λִȥѲһɺãʲô⼰ʱ͢
ڳве˶΢λϡ档ڳӵУλүɥ־ˣлʼҵĵӶţǸܼҵӵܡ˸˵лȷһΪ˳֮۴СǶԶˣɻϽôͻȻˣ
Щɻ󣬵δܾΪϷ˳ı֣ʰúն
һֱˣӦŲ֪Щʲôϱ׷ֵϷӽտʲôҪ£ǲѡҲɡ
ֹػش𣺡ǼѲݰˣ¸ãҪ
ǺãͷˡתϿδ̬Σ
ϡΪѣǲԸȥֻǡȥܸʲôأȿûֲ֧յʲôãʲôǲáֻ¹У˴¡
ϳĬԣɣǺǲС
һ˵̫еˣү˵óΨһŵ֪֮ˡƫƫ֪ôģȥѲǲ͸ûȥһ𣿵ԸҪΪǽѵģҪ
ðŵڲ࣬ʱʱ֡
ֿɻϿʵ󲹳ţֲΪֻҪĻ㱨ɡ
ɿĳ϶ˣүȥѹЩطٵģûʲôˣҲѣֻ¸еİͬȥѲһȦ
ֱ𱻻ͶļǳأȥѲ졣

ݼ
ѾȬˣ̬ҲĵĿ֮½ָȻǻƣոձȦѾöˡ
ʱԼµİ̺ۣÿԴſվͻ뵽Ǹˣҩȴ컯ŪˡԹ˳ֹһ֮Ҳû⣬һϵڴùŮݼĵΪϲᣣŪİնò
ʱȰôĻ鶼ãԺ԰÷ÿ춼ʻ͵ʯϡ
شӿܵǿܣ÷ȻҲú÷ǻ谵ӸڣҲԽԽµĻԸЪϢˡ
ʺҲûȴôĵ͵ߣȸмΣĿȥʺ¹Ҳʺദ죬ȥʺˡ
ʼûлɹʺߵĿģЩӶǹذ֣Ӳʶܣƺʺҩ඼ֻ֪˺ˣ
Ӧǻʺ£룬ΪΪӵ档
Ӹӣ´µ÷֦
ǰ񣬹ĵ£
ҡҡͷǳǳعŴǡ
֪ΪȻź⼸ѾϰҲú²ؽе÷쵽ǰȥūԺҵƷֵ÷
ùʯϵĻƿյľɻ֦µģˮ÷˵Ļȴ֮⣬ڹﵽߣĳײ˹ˣɱ㡣
ͷ´ū֪ˡ
۾תת˵⼸ջʹȤţū˵ʺֻرɰСӣϲʲôʱȥ
ˡؾܾˡ³簲ٺȥۻ֦ʱ֪ЩȤ˵Ѿ֪ˡݼĵţǲԸ̤ģʹд˵ġһܸ˵˵Ƶˣʲôأ
ε̾Ȱţô񡣡
⻰ˣ͵ԷȥºȻū澻˵˼ϡ¡
ͻȻθߵһֹƽţʲô
ЦǺһЩ´ţҲµ˵
½ĻЩס
صϾȻүȥˡ
էһûӦ˵˭һžɲΣյ׷£Ӻε֪
ͷ涼˵ѽΪǰˣͻȻô£Ҷϡ棬ֶ͵͵ȤŽСŮءū̫ˣ͵͵
ŭˣѵţҲǼ۵ģ뿴үЦɡ
ǲǡּ޹ūҲǲСģûвǡ
һۣҲңɻѵţԺֻϽߣǻ
š¸æӦ¡
ŭ˼侲Ĭ˰ΣͻȻʲô˵ˣġ
Ϊȥװţȷ̲סһ̽ˣҪȥã
ûУūֻؼ䣬Ӳù±ߴţ߳עķӦ
һѹŵȥ˸ô졣ʱҲⵣ·ܲܳԱů᲻ᶳֽšȻԹҲ̲סʵʵع
⹬ʲôˣ˽ǵǣҾЩůﶼǵĸо糱ˮ﷭ӿ侲زס
½Ҳûע⣬࣬ڰ¡

ﶺӵл˵棬ٵȵȣ
ӦԱ¶ǵһˡ
л̬ȣ¶ã߻أͬϵȾˡ
лĶӣȻôͨǰ̫ˡлֻڹϼһ磬ڲ죬źü꣬벻Ϊζǽ˷˽
һͱлӣлѼ䡣лСԿǣǳϢˣɩ˵ˡ
ϡ˻лӣԥл˵˳Ϸǰȥһʵڲ㣬ֵøԳɻæ⻹ϵŮ첻࣬һͬȥ
лͣסϷ
㲻ˣ֪ðŻʺ󲻷㣬ǿֻǹѾ̫įˣҸȥֵϷ
ðлӦ£ϷȻʵǲϲѽѽϷ뿴ˡ


59 С
лͬϴк, ҪͬɩһȥڷϷ԰Ϸһʼͬ⣬лѾӦ˻ɩ, þҲڻɩǰ֡
ŲǹݣֻϷ԰ӵһֻλ, һ·϶ܵ͵, ֻһͨͨȥˡ
л˼ɫСȹ, ýĻԵֿɰ, ЦϷӾǾһָĺ, 뵽
總ţأѲݵʱȥ, Ҳͷһҡһ˶û˼ôҲҪһͬȥ
ţȵ˵طȺ³лͬվһſԺ, йǰ
λ롣ָԺڵĸ¥ǽȥ
·лʵС, λǡ
Ѿ, ˰, ȻδϵȻ, ֻǹѾӶѡ
лͷòһǸճɻûõķ, ԸһЩǶλŮӵĳν˹
үϷӶ֪үݣѲдٹҲĶˣûлݡлҲ󷽳ˣҲʶˡ·ڲǲð֪ˡ
ܼͲ²лȻݲףȻĻǳһæߵʺ
Ѿ˸¥棬ΧɨСŮ˶伱æһʱ䶯лƽæǵľͺá
ŮлԼǾȻԵʺʥգǼĸ֡
Ƿлһǰ£Ϸ̨ӣָŲԶľ룬ոպֲ̨ܿŲʱ䳤˶ۡСĲϹǵ졣
ֵĶں̨ױδϷֻͷ˷档һͳô£û뵽ˡʺ󡱣һɲлˡ
Ӻ߳лǰʺ
л⿴ױݸ˵üɫûϳ˭ӡϵĺ붼صķ۸סˣе̫ñϣлԼϲ
ϾСͶϷ̨ϳϷäҲͿǷβܷͬĸɫĸˡǿ֪ϷĽɫǲϲϷ˷ȫΪĺѡ
廰ţĪ֣ʺģһܾáϷҪĲȤ
лȣȻ֪ҲҪɩûȸ֪ʵɹɩ᲻һģ漴ҲûʲôôҶϺܾػɩлҲǸﲻһˣ˿̿ȷʵǱżȻġ
桭ԭǶ档
׵ģʺм
߽˵ϯϷ̨ӣȷҰãͷˣλԵƬ̡
Ц㲻òǣȥϷɡ
леʣɩһʣµԼȡȻȲϹУҲƷʼõĲˣڷ¥ҵôõĲ裬ϷһӦǶˡ棬ĲⱾ
ӹˮЩ⣬ͷأ
лЦЦǸɩ裬Ӧġ
ǳǳЦţŵ䣬ҲͰϻҵɩˡ
ڻǵ˭˶ûмˣ˲ҲŵķʱǨǽ͵Ǹǰ̫ӣ㱻˳ˡֻҪţǵһоͲ
ֶ˸ǵء
лĻβס˸кį밲οȴ֪Ӻ˵˵ٶ𵽵Ҳ΢΢ǧֻһ䣬ɩӣǰ
ֱֻգи
ʵֻżͳлİοࡣ
£лͶСӹôлϸŶЩ׮׮㾲šʱü죬һϷ̨ϵĻһױݾԱ̨
лͬרעؿ
̨ϵĹյһЩ¥ϵ촰ůս̨ģΧ̨ͭ˵ϯͱȽϺˡ
лƾѤʵϷͷϳÿɫֻƾϳģлԼˡ
֪ǲǴлܾʱվλ㣬ֻҪһлᣬǱյϬü۱ɨ
翴ýζʱʱлϼڣл͸ۡһأŬ˷˫͸ѵľ硣տ˸ͷͱˣ֮Щϡ
ˡ
Ȼƽʱû²࣬лܿ飬ȴϷǿϳǻл΢еӵ˵̫ˡʱȥĳЩ˼߶ų̈Ϸδζſ׻˯š
ǻɩģ̨ϳϷĻǶϵֳô˯Ҳ̫ʧˡƷ裬̨ϵ
ʱʱлļ䣬ͷ쳣ˮӾ֪ôˣҲƣһӵлǰ÷۽Ĳ֪ļӽġ
ġл֪ԼˣӾԼʧ÷ڿ̲סԳһɩϷڽʵ̫֦Ҷˣʵа
лĸܣǸðûʹϲϲ
ԼҪġлǳģǱǿšĿǰΪֹǿ֮⣬ûʲôķ֡
ʵĹ֮ңʼҲǲ̫ЩţԳϲҸöҲͱˡ
л֪Ĺܵ͵Ĵʷ壬ǼҴżسд֮һԹֻܼ¼ٲֳ¡ᣬദлʷĸоһ㡣
һᵽԼ򣬴˿̶л׽¶֪ĵãȻߵķӡ˵˵Щ¡
ԳǺܺһˣԴֵܶ㣬ȥͣҲΪ밢ϰ졣˸ͷл˷Ӧ˵ȷʵЩȤż˵ţ
˵ʵԳʱҺܲôôˣһһнǹأ˵䲻븸ĸ̫ʱҪ˵ʲôԣܾò˵о
ͣһ£л׷ʵȻأ
һ̫ӵĺܹزɣлԳ̫ӵӡһģǸܶ˿õӣôͲˡ
Ҳ֪ǲԾѭ浸ء̫ձ˵ȥˣǸûԼ˼룬ûˡ
лԼ١˵̫עع̺ܽӣĪ̫̫̫ܵѺӽɵˣ
ҼձĵܻܵƢǵüгһǾõܵϲпţԳҿһ۾Ҫˣ֪Ȼң
Ȼθߣл統ʱľˡ
εңʵû취ŰѲϲԭ˵ʱˣǺܳʱûмһڲ
ϢǳԳɵпȻʦҲ֪ʲôҾô͵һ˲ȴġ
ʦƵ̫˰ɣл뵽̫Ͷϵķ¶ҪǿƲֵˣжӣ׶Ҳ̲ˡ
šӦţΪϾߴʵôĺӣõ˷Ϊ̫ʥּ
ʱҲûϲǿȢɵʱΪˣǲҲһԡǹ˺ƽһӣҳΣͻϷҿԽԽԼӣָ̫̫²ƴֵܣϺͰ涼ϲ
л磬֪Ҫ˵ʲôһ֢Ͷңǰֱӣ˵Ųסˡ
ÿ޵ʱѾ޹ˣ˵Щ۾Ǹɵģ廳û£չ˵ܵǣТʱĻʺҲ̫󡭡
л̫ʵûкøˣеƺ⣬Թл̫ף̫һʼʽԣ̫ı䣬֮Ҳ̫ĸɵģôԹ̫أ
ٴ̫ŭȵͲġԳɲȥû죬Ϳʼѡ»ӹˣȵԳѡСİϹ̵±ɵӣսԳɵķʽ䱾ؽ̰ϣͼɵڶԳɣȥȡһС
ϡлĶϵĳɳеţ̨ϵǱϲϷǵı˵ע̨ˡ
Щ⣬Ϊ̫ûóѶˣʱȻСĻӣȥ̫ʱҲʮˣԳǴСĲһϻΥŪ̫̫ʱҲûܣϾϲģ̫ܵҪϿӵ
лûסЦСʱͦƤģ벻ͦ顣̫Ϊǰ̫ӵ˷˼ֵЩɡ
翴Ůһ㿴л峺㻹̫ͬദ٣һǰϵأҪӵǿӲ֮ԶԼдġԳȢҺʱⲻǲ˳ۣԶġ
лңҺ̫ڹҺͶ̹ˡ
ţҪСţ̫۳һˣô򵥵ġ


60 
⻰˵ĲЦ, л϶̫Ҳһַ̬Ӳҵġ̫뿪ʹǰѾȥһ½µʱˣµִƫϵĵ, ̫Ӧøյɡ
˵ɽڸ߸ߵɽϣǵص£ÿ곯͢ȥǮﲻ義һ, ΢һЩ, ʺ̫, ̫˼ססЩ嵭ի, Ϻƽľ, ܸʲô
лʵɩ̫ʲô
ʵҲ²͸̫˼, ֻǸݾƲţҲ֪һΪң
ฮлϹ˹Ϊ˴̫ļƻ, ƵżסȥЩ̫֪żȥŵûеӱҲø̫Ӵе, Ƕȴû˵̫ʲôʱҪ, ΪȻ, ߸˲
л£˼þò, ֽл񣬡ģҶҲһϾ˼, ҲǸ˵빬ǰͲ̫ˣ
ԴӰû̫Ĭιϵһ˭Ҳû˭ҲܿΡ
ȻҪ粻̫ԼĺǿƹͷҲޣʵڲǸĸ׺ţƫƫǰ̫ĻһЩÿ̫;µûš
šлʱ̫ԣ֪ôͻȻˣȻҪ
ָԼҷŭȵ̫Ҳͱ˵ĸоΨû̫ӣ뾹ȻЩź
Գ֪ĸ׻֪θ롣
Ҳ̫ͬȥţ˽⣬ϲ̫󣬵ǰ̫Źʡģ̫ģʱ䳤˰ٹָҪ˵Т
šл϶¼˵˼䡣ʱݵĽɫѾ˳̨ϣӦȥĻлѹ򵥸˵Ҫ㡣
˼һˣͨйؽڲɸӵģҪ֪һõ󣬰ڸ̫ᣬҲ̽ء
̽лĥţ̫ʲôȷʵǿԳ˰۵̫ҡʵʵضҲöϿ̫˼ҼվͽˡҲ̫밲ʡˣϾȻǸҵĺŮӣλʮ꣬ôͻȻûҰġ
лȻʵĺӡģʱÿϷĺó׺ͱߵı߾гһʱոԱβģԼܹòǶʱ䳯֮ϯ¡
Ȼʸ˰ټŮ빬Ϊ߾ҲУͻȻҲҲˣȻкܶŮܻĻûŮ˳ŽˡʣµļѾĹֻжϺֳж
̫ܲôŮºλܻԼƽˣҲǲСϧˣлôƫҪͿ
ʲô̫ȥһ˵ɣһҪ̫ݲܼ˰ɡлƶϵ¿ʲô¸أƥ֮˵ɮˣ
"˵սʦ"ӵ
л治ʶսܸսʦɮˣڸػիˣʴӱʢʧʮ꣬˵ȥȡѧˣٳʱѾСˣ𷨱֮ǰɴ˴õˣѵõ֮ͨˡ
ôлԷ˽ⲻֻ࣬żĸȥСǩΣʵֻ̫Զ۵ľηС
Ҳǵ;˵ģڰֵҲ֪١սʦǽ߲˲ų¡˵ΪյǸµʱ;ԼȽŲ⣬ȸʯͷƵ߲ˣΪİţʹµԵ֣˺һǺüꡣ
л̾ҲˣսҲǸȤ֮ˣֻôƫˣ̫
̨ϵϷݵβˣлľ飬˿˷ִϳ㲻ܵˡϷģ֪ô£ͻȻöԲס׼ݣǶϷˡ
һ˵һֻϷأЦһȥ淴Ъ
лˣȻҲר̨ϣֻһǣı壬һǣߵ᳤Ȼ˸ձ󲻾þ³ˡлϷ㲻Ϊѡأ
ԼϷӣһǺϲŻ£ѵͲȥǸעĽɫ
Ҳ벻ףǸĽɫʺɡʵҲķ˹Ҳڻ£޷Լƫðˡ
ôһҲŻȥݵľÿζǣǺܱԵǣ
л޷⣬Ҫ϶ѡϷġ
˭֪ôģҲû뵽ͻȻϲϷԳȥ֮󡣡Щˣ֮ǰǸ䶼ܲĺӣȻμĺãҲѷɫʲôԣƽƽӣ벻һ˼ˣĸģ
漴绰һתлһڶ˶ĿǲҲҵѡһϷݡ
лҡͷһ١˵λүͬүԼֻԼϲ£˵ǰ̫ӺͶϣлԾãǸɵˡ
ɡţǵһۣ뻹Уû˵һ뷨߰棬һܿġ
лĺĽ⣬ǻʵ۾Ҫÿй£ʱ䶼ռû˸û˼ϲ£


61 
翴һʵϷ, л˵˶ǰ£г죬嵭Ϣ·𶼱, ΢һЩǳЦݷŹ󣬡лл˵Щȥ𡣡
ɫ, , ʱ춼Ҫɵغ, лӸ¥Ͽ촰ϡĻɫһڰ죬ȷǸûع, ֪ʲô
л˼ЩĲˮɤӱ㲻ٶ, ĵöЩڸɣĲˮȥθ, Ƕա
Ϸ̷ˮСһ²Ҫū̷ܣūм赫ǲǰС̸
ءлֵ̧һ, ɩϾҪˣǲµˡ
ǡСҵ͵Ӧ, , ߵſڻ̲סлע͵͵ֿһۡ
лû, Ӳŵӳˣ³, Ӧں̨·жױˣлģһ޶Ǹͦӡ
лĪЩĸо, ̨Ƴ˺üΣûô£ˣ䱸֮С
ǰ棬ȰĪҪˣʺлȥá
ʺ𡣡ҲݰᵫŮҲ̫˵ɤӣֻлĪú
ʺڳø㷹
л΢΢ףţֻ߶ү̫ˣҲĻϡ
ϷԣžˣǴ̳֪˿϶Ҫ
лεһͻȻЩʣŵǳ㲻ǿˣʺ˻ϱѳɥ־˵ĹܼѾڴҰ֣ճͶˡ
лһһӦ£ǳЦүĪҪԷƱ
л׼ȥһ㶣Լҷֵܣɩĸʸĵܵܣ㻹ҪæϷٿҲůЩɣȻЩϷ·ů䰡
ǡӦ¡
εԳʱ滹ɩӣԳʣһӲȻżϵԳƵܵˡֻƢˣϧ𣬵ܸе滹еĹˣҲںĳƺˡ
ұʺˣѲĵһݳһȥͬлߵլԺ⣬һԵͣл
͵ͣ󻹸Ϸˡ
ле˻˻ʾ𣬱ϡ
лҲˣһԸҡҡλεضȻ󽥽ƽȡ
ŵĵ·һ˦һ˦ڻ谵ﾹȻ΢΢˺ѯļġ
лƣɬִ۵˵ֹģ
ģ΢΢벻ϻϸգѵá
˭֪ʲôʱ͵͵ѧģҲ֪л
ȻҲû뵽ȻܰӴ˾ɣͶæµ˿϶֮ǰûѧôӣҪѧ֪˼˶ãּ˶ٴʱ
лŶѧȷʵܿ죬Ҿͽһλüͻˣ⼸ԽԽã㿴
΢΢ս磬Եͷ
ЩȻܿлǶԳ־ǳɫüΣԭüëüüβȻΧɾ㡣л˵ǶϻģΪĸרŸױĹŮ
粻̾ı˺öࡣ
Ϊлĸı䣬ΥĽУЩҲӵС
л˳𣬡ǰʲôģ
ţҲǼ˺ʶԳɵļܵܣĲ̫ʶϵʱʮһˣͼǵǻƧĺܣԳǰЩĮҸǲ׽ǡ
ΪΣлΪͬɩĸһֱãԳ̫ǸͰֳ
絭ǻԳɺᣬո̫Ȼѧϰ£ʵչ˰ϵʱ٣ܼһζˡԳ˵ϵĸμ֮Ů꼻ʢһʱȻͱȻˡμҲúͽһãΪͦƽƽȵģ賤ʢ˥ȻǰȻʸ벻ˡ
οûȥˣ˵ȻаѰϹ̵µ˼ΪһֱӣϲԸȻʾ£Ӳϲ
л̲סüͷ϶ǶϵĴ̵ط߷š
԰ϴԼһųģ˺ԳҲ˺ܶβ΢밢׽ЩԳ̫æ˲ϣ˵ЩЩġ
˵Щ⣬׽ұԳɻһЩ
лЦˣöɩȻСһܳô󡣡
粻ҾӹԼҲܻˣͬԳɲ΢һЩ
ֵܻر𡭡лѭ浸صԳ̫ӣСλĶϣӣвͬ
ǡƲţЦһİɣͬһˡ
ĸǸʲôˣлͻȻɻʲô֮ˣĽ
棬ĸײλ֮ˣȻʵǣַûĸӵʲô£̫ʼұԺȥˡš
лĸ־ɣ̫ǿƵҪӰһı׼ɳĸһ㣬һʼԼλãȻҲԺҪ̫࣬ԼŰˡ
翪ڵҲ˼ĸԺӵӰ죬ͬԳ۹ԺҪʲôĸĸֻϧʲôûС
лֻܿοûеʡ˷ģɵСҲϲ
Ժ˵ɣҿͦϲϲϲǲһģҵúú롣ʵô꣬ĥÿˡǸʱڵľˣÿ˶ڱ䣬Ψڹȥ
֨֨ѽѽͣѾׯϵĹǰǰлȻðͻˣҰͽȥƽٻظ
лƿϡķϸϣɩľŮɩúڳЪţԼűá
磺ôУ
лЦô·߾͵ˣʲôҲɣ
ðɡ粻ټ֣л
л˽ڱ첽ţչʾƣȻҲϼϵģֵϡϡȻ򿪹ŷȥ
߽ǰлͷ绹СĲĿɩ·Сġ
ͷȻջߡ
л빬ŵһֶ̣תͷȥûͼļλŮڿʯһ࣬мǼλһ̨졣
Žȥ·𣬡֪ʱġ
Ϊ׵ĹŮǻҵһֱڹǰţ͵ء
ԭˣлЩ֣ʱ͸ϵĲӣȥһůͣ΢һ㣡
ߴţ֪λŮаҲżʺء
ӹŵ·΢ЩԶϻʱǹ˲ʱ䣬йŮһͨˡлһõ١ָ¯ЪЪ
š
ڵŵ򣬽յΧ԰Ӷ˲١лһ·Ź⣬ƺܸеЩдȣǼҵĸо
һţŵڵǶһץιӣͬʱš
ЩһǸϵģһӶûлôЩԣ
Щˣһôæջöϲڲܹ˶΢Щ죬һ㶼ء
ɿϵһ߶ȥ׼ţδ飬һ˳Զû˼ȻҪ
лһӱ⣬ľӹңΪ˵´ĺɷϲֱܵըëָܶӾʲô


62 ĥ
л뿪ʱи, ϣûվͽʱӦеĺúõģ˵һֻСһ, Ұĸɩȥɡ
ŶϵĹչ˺ôеë
۵ؽл޺޵صɶһ, ʵչģ
ظ˳˳ë, ûڸ΢ͺ˵ļ, ֻزŪëѡܸסĽǶȣοԼûܳ
Ҳ޹, һյ, ڵʱװģԵĲУϴ, ײײ޵ײ㷿ĶͰϳȥˡ
㻹лӲѶ, ӣ
֪Ͻ͵ûˣǱԺԼһ, Ҳܶ, ޾ûܡϳȥʱ򿴵֪Ĳһ, ޻ùŮ˲һŪɾͱˡ
л궯ԴͶ, ȻӦòΪֻƭȷʵǸԺӣʲô
̧ͷ, ƫԴлۡ
лپίԵĶε̫ˡ
ޡ类ʯѹƣ޷лڷֵĽ
һʱҲû֮ǰҲӦˣʲôõȻΡлιӵܲ߼ǰ
ȻӦôסôӣȻڸӳ١飬һɾ⻬ŸɲݺӸ˸ͷ޵ڡ̿ȼţůڵĶ
Ա߻ŲݵӣżʵľСľĥõĸ״ľûᣬĥҲûϵ
ŮһϴΣһֱǸɸɾġ
лܲԼڶ϶涢
лĶѾƽ̬лô˵ȻԺϾʱоĺ˵Ļľ˵
лһĻԺ޶ɡ
˲ӿǣʲô
ϷӦȻȷϲԼûоѵõϲã̲סԼ磬޿ѧԺλ˵׼ء
ãѧšлӦֻñˡ
㲻ޣۿл
ҵȻ㣬лЦҽջͬɩ˵ѧʲôܿء
˵꣬ͷֶɫͲ٣ЩƵĵ֮Слɸ̾СѧĻҲܰȳôûϵǸջԻȵ;ޱ㣡
ʵһʼҲôС͵ŻᶯëףιҲǴŷʦѧ˰ջ˼ŮǴҲضǿ١
տзʲô쳣𣬲ٹӣ˵ű߸л˵ը⡣
ûʲôԵģлȼڵůů֪ҲҪȥô˿Ŷ֪ҵݣθʲô
ܵһƻʱʱ̿עβԼˣض¡
Ϸϵ⹬Ĵ˶ˣĲ˵ȫ˾мּƽϡ
ǡлֹΪԼЩ̫ȷ˵֡ģҶϿ϶Ҫ
˵޷ϸлȣЩԥˣֱ޵ֻǶˣл¶Ŀڣ
ܾãڿҡл˵СΪڵ㡣źֱĪؿƺܶ£·ĿǣлԼĸ֪е㲻̫׼
лĻöϵɫɲǼ䲻̫Ǹòʲô׵ľɣ̷񶨣;̫ܣлճаֽûУлͼıңô£
ϸһǣǺ˿ػҡǲͣϣʲôţ߰鿴һۡ
֪Լ԰׵û˵ɵЩż޲ͷͷֱʶֱӿеĻ档
⡭ϲȷǺƽɨһ۰ɡ
ҲпܡлӦУﻹв̫ϿżȻϷֻ̨һˣ˽ڶԱʲôӦҲ˵ùȥġ
һǸо̫ԾлȻԼĹ۵㣬Ҳ֤֧Լɵ÷ʶϣ㲻ң
ţ̻Ӧл泩Լûʱ龰ôܸշлĸоһһϤֳȻߵӸֵΡ
л㳢һڶϼ⣬СЩû
ţ㰲ţ޻ġϰлֱߴЩţ䶼ˡ

ҹ޵ֻдԵĵƻţȻĻ⽫ĴӳӰֻһ룬һ߻ɫĴ乳ڴͷϡдƬĹս齵ϰ벿֡
л۾򼴽ȼĵƻ𣬶ôˡſڴϣ־ؽ˳ĺмǳǳİһ£¼ۺӡǣִŻȻĲ䣬̰Ƥɢ嵭ԡʱɻζζ
һƬհףлҪ˯ˣϸѣòײŻڴϣʪãű¶ˮһš
㡭ôۡĲ𣿡лߺţ˵ĻèСϻˡ
ǸﻹкܶûԹءл£˼ͷ޽Ƕ鷢ãܣȻ޵ÿԣ֪ԼѧûУҲ֤㿴
㣡л̣ڣȫǽڡ
ȻҲͦϲ¶ҪƣٲӰÿϰţġ
ϺȻתƻ⣬СʱҲɡ
лɵѾתˣʲôʲô
ϵóѵһЦ߻ǸտʼǲһͲˣ첲ǺôǲǾͺˡֻ˵źûࡣ
а˵лŭôʲôһ˵¶ϰһ
˵ѾƲˣϵǲʲôΪģĵͱˣ
أѹҡлػλҪѶϴ϶ǳõԼûбˡ
л˱һر۾ˣȥɣϳֻҪջˮʲôľС
ΰѼ䣬лƺʲôԼˣǺģһ޿̣ϣ㲻˯ˣһҪ˯أĥˡ
ϣ޴Ӳĥ
˯ǲ֪Ҫʲôй˽Ȼһֱ˯ðοӦþûСѵʱ£
лǿ۾û΢»
Ҳæù˲Ϲܣ͵ûˣлٶ˳һң֪ʲô
ѰԴڴ²Զһëףڿľͷ
ЦһҾ˵Сԡ
лˡ
¶رľͷڴ¶ʶõ֣ԴػΣҪʲôʱʱ֧͵ö
л߾Ϊʲôﲻˡ
ǱȤϸֻȥδɵĴ¡
л㲻𣿡
ӼƽʲôֿްߵԾ˿ǾСһϲΪʲôҪϣ
лŬֱȴҲֻ˴Сصĳȣ빻Զôպϵػ˼֣ûߣǰ˼
лֻȥӣѴ᣷סɵĿֱ˸첲Ҳûǹӣץס˻䣬첲ȥ
Ǻ⣬лܾԼ͵ˣ岻Ծ
ˣҪŪ𣿡
лֱ׳㲻Ҫٶˣ

л֪Ϻʱߵһ죬ϴĵһ£ץסʷʵȣƨɡ
ֻΣ٣֨֨طҪ㣬î˾Ҳûл֡
лҪѵȾҲû֡
ʲô
лϲ˯ˡ
١ְ֣ū;Сһ﹬ﲻǸ¶Ͼͨԣǳײ񲻱ĩã
漴١罫԰ɣСһվԼȥˣĺ߶ű˷֡
лѸĳСҲãϸϾͲˣͷԼʱɢˡǲĥģԼȥɡ
ҲáлߣߣëԸǸԸСľݣЩů͵޻ӣҪԼ֪ȥ˯
١Ӧ£Ůȥľʦת𣬡Ϳˣ峿ǰ˵Ҫٰһأʱܼˡ


63 
ʮл, һιȫûӡ󣬶ԶôǺܺġò׶ϵĻûʲôϲ, ɶϷӦƽƽֻ˵ڼŮ춼ʱ̫ܲҡͬĸ׼
лĻشҪķʽδʱֻ˼, ĸ׻Ϊ¡ƽʱڼоǱܳ谮, ȫ, ˶⣬ֻǼ˰, ǰרʡ׵ǴΡ
лŮһҲ˼μ, ѾǺѵˣ, ôҲϡ
Ƕϱæˣô೯¶һϣлҲӲҪ㣬¡ǶߵԽԽ, Ҳʼʵʵ˯ˣл, ǲǶ鵭ҽڡ
뷨ֻԼ˼ûе, ƽʱ۶϶һЩ, ŷٶϡ
ÿο̲鸴ӣĲ, лۺڴӶͲ̹лһ, أԺȻŰҹջǡ
ϲҶлͰø첲סļ米ͷ῿ʵϣһȻҪѹϣһαƣлŻ˯š
ҪεͷɴˣлƽȣҲƽľ֮Ϣ
ɿлǶ϶䵭ˣΪʲôԭ
˶ʮգΪ磬˳ȥ鷿ˣٳٲһͬ硣
лױǰױݣյüǶϻģлЩϰˣﲻɵøϼһʡ
仨䣬üۣ֬һлŪ˼¶ŵĽҶ觶һƬƬҹ䣬οյҶϸʯ·һɫӣ䣬㻪
лѾױܾˣԸȥʻϻҪټҷ˶ˣҲڵɵš
Ӧǣȥˡ
١һҲһˣȷʵ쵽ʱˣϻûг֣Ҳã԰꣬ʲôµˡ
šлٶȵȣҪطҲµġ
ʱǵ˲Ů죬ûʲôˣ˵ۺ󣬾ͼλӻδʺǽڻʵ̫ĳϣҲڹټұԼĺûᡣ²ΪʺˣҲԸġ
ฮҵȣҲʺŮɾڲԶ룬ϻߵʹ˸ɫеһȥ
Ҳĸ˵˵ĸŮ꺮ů֪ŮڹòãԹѡ
ѹм﷢йĸڹﻹһ㣬ùЩһߣȥ¶ȥˣͳ¶ˡĹŮҪŵǣŻο㸸׽빬ɵͷӦûҪСܾί
Ҳбƣ˵Լ޹вȥʾõʲôλݱߣ˵ܽ棬һûضˡ
̫ˣϽ
ʵĸף͸Ÿ׿ɿˣΪιĸ
ϣˣ㸸׵˿ӱȥ׷̫̣˵ϢӦ͵ˡ
ǹĸѾ֪ˣɼѣȹĸܱڽ£лҲôùÿĸɫء
֪֪̫Ը
ɵɴ۾ʲô
꣡С͵͵˵䣬Ҫ۲ɡ
ɺ֪ס죬ίؿԼĸס
ҲΪΪѣͬةೳΣڰ·Ͼ͸̫ˣԸⷵҪȥ塣
ĸҵҪ𣿶ͷˣĸҷҾҪѹһˡԽ˵Խĸǲٻ𣿹ĸë˽һЩģǰ̫֮ſʼУĲ
ⲡòˣĸҪڴЪһأ˭ôڻܶϽһһĸڴʲô⡭
ȻԼ뷨Щִë˵׼
Ϸߺ޵̫˵ֻҪںﻹûصĵزٵȵȡ
ŵС˻ֻΣǵùõ˵Ļ˿ɲʲôˡԼĹŮȻֻԼۡ
ɣĸ
ʲôһҪ˰ɡ˰οԼȻʲôǿϯɡ
á
ϻЩᣬȷʵٶ˵ˣصŮϯλ£ɼĸϣˣɲû̺ŮŻҧˡ
쳤ӿſڣڵʲô˽ӡ΢²¾֪ڵ˭϶ǵȵۺλﻹŸλӣϳ˿ǽ˸ŮⲻҲ֪ҳˡ
żŮһ˼ȫſڣȻеһ£ⷬ˵ĻϣŮ֪ܣҼҹŮҡС
Ů϶û¶棬ʱûãڹ⣬ⶼ˾ãôҲܼһŮˣû֡
˼ŮУ䲻˾ͱԹԹҪʺҲ֪׼֣Թʺƽƽܱ˹ףŹΪʺֵɵŮ֪ˡ
лЩ֮ͱ߶û龭Ƕӣлʱƴ󣬲ְǼһСæ㲻ʲô˼лǵˣ黹ӵ֪ͼ
ⲻڹлҵŮ֣ƽѣлұ޼ĺøиûˡл˵ϯλһЩеԶŭ˸µϣȴȥлǰ
ݼһ裬䵭÷㣬ڵչǲʲô£ôоֵģ
һԣĻǻʺء
ŶӦ¡
ʵﻹǲȥ𣿰ȥʺء
²ԳЦЦʵҲûȥʺ󣬶һٶԻʺ֮֡˯öȣ˼ƻж
ҺûϰɳȥˣӦҪһʱղܻаһЩ±ͻȻϡ
ȥĿⷿȡһݲҶΪȥɡ˲⵽ػʺﲻ⡣
¾òҶЩͨԸȥɡ
ûлܿĶʲôл˶Ǻõģӡ
лҲĥûˣò׵˴Сӣһ˵͵


64 θ
лʱؿ÷, ⹷˲˼죬Ϳʼζˡæһһͬȥʱ䶼ûʱ, Ҳá
زô೯͢ڵţ˰ֻлʺһˣǰﰮ쿴ЦŮ˲֪ҪЩʲô
Ȼûλεرֳ, лӦںﵹǼЩŮ˼, ĸ׻δŵɩӶٲ, ٻЩӰ졣
лţȻСӷ, ˵ټ, ȥ, ûܹˣ
ŵСӲ˰벽СĸҴ⻰ȥл˵ʹŹŮˣɿ, 漴Ѻ
л·ԽԽŲԾӿ, , ҲҪϺ, Ͱ档
·;Զûñ㵽˽ǵ, ԭЩӵĴʱ˵ĿⶼۼϣЩ˵, ֻһˣֱ䡣
лӭŶϣǽ϶ģοЩŮˣֵ⡣
뻮һǵߵʹĿݵջأлֱ߹ټŮλÿȥҵĸףϸһиСɩӵŮ
ƽ֮󣬷ǣл㡣ԣڶϣȥɣ
׵λãлƽǰλ˱ʾл⣬Σһ⡣
лķ˸лض˵˼䣬ڵմûԾһЩ
Ϻһ챦лǰ֣лЩЩŮ첻ô죬ûʲôЩѪ
Щϴż˲Ʒ˶ûǽǺϵʽƷߵܹҲûл۽磬齥ãЦ£Ժл˻
ЩŮʺ޷չʾһûʺʶ˭˲֪ʺʱͷʢܳ谮ֻҪ΢ڻǰǼ䣬ĿľʹˣȻպ˵⡣
лߵŮٸ¼ᣬЩһԱŵĻᣬϽЩļҷˡЦ̸УһܵĿ⣬лĬĬֵ˲֪ฮķ˺ͻҵķˣֱɺĸס
ϷŻڶ˿ȴĬЦƵĸоʺҲˣûþͱˣǼŮлġ
лµô£ЦҲڶͷϣһһʸϼǹҪô㣬洵绹̣ٵĶڵˡ
ϴæ෢˿һ˿ң͸¶ׯϣʱŬǻоģĲ̧̫ͷһͬлĵ׺ⶸȻ
϶ˣС˵ί񣬵ܲµлƢʱķӦ
ǿ򶨣л£Ȼյһۡ
лװ·ĶϣʱŭȻɢĲ࣬᲻𾢶ˣЩʧɨ͵ûˡ
ϲȻˣȻ·˵ŹصĻлתֱ£ϾٲһԼҪ͸ˡ
ɤӵʺ޳ٵˣԷ
Ȼƣºűӡ
лԣ⣿Ҳõԭ£
ƿߣֺ֮񡣶ڼҷûʵѾ˲ˡϺϿﲻþܳǱ˼ŮĿų費лˣЦ
ϰ룬л˹߻װģҲʵŵлνĶ飬ŽɵŮ
Ϻɸֵصһɣǡ˼ҿ㡱˼ûᵽֱĸĪƢѹֵܲ
ѯѾ𣿡
ػϣѹɤӻظûУҷ˻δ񣬶λǱ߻ûʼ
⻹Ҫʱ䣬ɵȲôãԸʱˣùټҷǾ죬Ǳߵ¼ɡ
õ˶һλĲĺˣѡֻΪʺڼλйоصģ纣óԵõ䱦ʣҲ˿Щʵãͼá
ʺڸλ϶ʲôȱһݻʺûҲ̫ˣֺ̫֮ԡĲлҽڹۣⱻ֮˶θʺѡصÿȸϱŮʺѧʶЩĲŵĶá
ǸĲ˵ֻһѣõѡʺ׼ûȻϼҲ⣬˿¡
ûмˣϺò׵ȵԸŵĹŮˡлȵҲЩˣرڸչʱûãʱҲ΢һЩЩԼôô漴϶Ǳˣ
ĹŮ̫ټŮ͹ɵϯλϲˣۺרŵһ̷
ŮӲ෽һһںãлϤŷʽɫˣζһȴһ档ŮطǰŨ׷ŵ͹Բ⻬м˺ӣһƬ嵰Щл׺ĳ棡
ζӦòл룬ĳ棬ܶˣ
ȵϲ˵̶£ϷԸſ硣
лִӣȥӳ̫ӦǷǳϸ裬˼û
ڶֱߣлϣֻӣûע⵽ڴ
ȰţȺȼٳ档
лŲҪģƫҪԼҪëʵԽԽˣǶϵ쳤⡣
ʢ裬лɶϵԴһҧ°е̣ζ澹Ȼűڡ
εϲʲôͳ԰ɣСռ˶ٶӡлʣµİȥȫȣȥůůġֻе̣Ҫ
л𳤳ĺûоͷһ棬Īһɡôĳ᲻ÿġ
ǡˣһӵͷҧһڣҧЩĿڸĺþ治ŷġ
Ҳڶӣʳ֮ζʱʱ̿лķӦ񻹲
Ȼлɫһ䣬üëšһŽסˡŵöϸϽʵôˣ
ͻĶ˲ˣ˶ͣ¿ľѵؿ档
л˺һȰѶȥϼǲǳԵˣ³
䣬йŮ̵л˵Ųʰڰ֣˽š
ò׻ɾΪûˣһµĸо̴̵۱߶Ż˼
ǲⷹжžط¿ӣȻһ˴˵ע˼߼׷¿ӡ
лҲѣվŵȶҪˡЩ˶Թģ⣬Ҳ׼Բġ
ȴ֪ܣж治⣬ǲԭ򣬵֮Ǵ̫ҽ
лһ󣬺ֺˣֻɫеףۿʪš
лҲŮһֲ²⡣ʱδжۣ̫ҽ˵ɡ
ûˡлƿ󱳵֣Ůϵ躬һѹ·θĸоؿ档
ΪʲôԵлôķӦǰûϲͱء
алҪԣסˡ
ңƫҪԡлţ˷׷лôûôһ¡Χ¡оȻίС
ƿϣ˵
ţԣǵȵ̫ҽһΡԺˣٸ
лûתͷҲȷԼʲô澹Ȼǻġһ˾Ȼ˳
вζǲܵģҲ̫ˡԸʺ磬棬ȴǸʺ׼ﶼԸ˼һۡЩŮӶϤĴģΪʱڻǰһ
ġлͼȷϵٴʵϺڵسˡ
һ綼𣿡лǾò˼顣
ϵҲûУ˳ȥŷųѧġ
лò̾츳³ڲʱܴһʮָմˮĻʵ۱ûҲǺܲ׵ġлԼһôҲ̣Σѧϼ졣
һξ𣿡л׷ʡ
˸Ŀ϶ܳԵġϴޣϾҪӣЩܳԵľͲ˵ʲôˣĿе
СѾȥ̫ҽˣʺ˵ϵһνŷŶ־¡Ҫ濪ʼ֣֮óһָ㣬ŵöҽ̣ϲʱ䡣зּ
죡ϳСƽʱͦ飬ôƵȫ˵
ôл֪˼棬żι
л̾Ҫŷĳ;ǳӵˮƽܲ⾹ȻǶѧ߰ɵģԱ֮ĸ߶˲θߣжˣҲ˵ģ϶û⣬Ҫꡣ
ס𼱣ȵ̫ҽ
иҪĲ²Ҫõ֤ʵ


65 
̫ҽÿ, һǻʺϳˣϸҩ䱼ں󹬴ΨʺȣֻҪһʺ, ǾͶʣµ·ʡ
ǵֵ̫ҽȽſ죬һ͸·ǵ, ǰ
ϴߴʺ, ̫ҽ˲ס, ͣڰգ˵ж
Ǳ, ̫ҽóϵŻʺ, ӿʼϸ
һ²ʺж˸, ΪڳĶŮӣ˶ǳӵķˣ˾顣ֻʼһɤŸƫ˼·
̫ҽգۼ䣬ʹΪͰдϲ, ϲϣϲˡнһ¡
лһ, Щš
Щµڱȷ˲, е, Ҳ֮СԼҲŮڹ˵Ľǲܵġڻ˷׷׵ϲ
ĸ, Ŀڵĸףû£ոŵˡ
Ů, £롣
һ۱ȱһϲϣ֪˵ʲôãôˡԼҲôܲ˻ʱķӦлôԵڲʣжлãԸŻʺܻϺӡ
ûʲôԺҲҪŮฮԶЩ
˷ĵϲ쳹лץϵ֣ٸһ顣
ԼĪԤУʱлƽ˵ϲˣкˡ
л鸴ӣе㲻ܽܣԼǸӣ˸ӣ
ȻͦϲģҪһʱӦ
Ȼл̫ҽٿܼܲԣûŮӼɿڵġлȻЩʹԼ컹类Ϲš
õĶǳʳģû¾С̫ҽš
áл滹ţЩ꣬ܶű
ȰŶθˣҪˡ
û£Ǹղҧ˲ӦСһﲻԴСлƽ̹ĶӿеĵƤһСӣѴл˳ͺˡ
ۺ˵ؽ˿һαشġеĽԸе̰ĽٻǺĿģһĽŻʺĽлʵһһĺǻ
뷨زͬǵùĸŵл˵ӾˣͲлϽ
ʺвֻǻʵ۵ļǹ¡Щټҷ֪ˣȥһȫ֪ˡǰɻʵĹԱǱֵû޲ܵڶղȥϳʵۣΨΨŵŵβˡ
ȫעлϣĹأҲЩĳͬлĺӣɲΪ֤ûëסǰ˵ϵġ
ЩҪлСȴʹÿ̲֮סȥ
лֱץסϵְԼûоһиѹûУӿ϶رСһţҲûϵ
ϲ£ϷԸСӺ١֣лλȥȡЩǮȥףʺС
С١һȥ׼
лͷ棬زȻӣߺġ
ӵĵһϵȻĸ׵ĳ棬лپЦ
ŸλϵŮϲɫԱߵķҲϲˣлһһлڳлԶĻҲʱ
С١˶һڵʺɫƽҵ̣涼װһԪηַλɺͷˡ
ǮҪմϲһ˲û˲ģɶץ˽л
ϵлˣԲѡ˼˼йȥǸû٣㻹öЩͲˡ
лշθʵоӾͶסˣȷʵƽʱԵĻ٣һźӿɲУٶ˼ڡ
ϸоԼò׼лʳˣ¿ӣ˶Ҫר̫ҽ
׮ϲĻ죬϶ǹȥġʺӵӣ˫ϲţΧãлҲɢ˻һ
޹ʱл·лҪעģ̲ס˵˵껳лõľο˱¡
лһһ£֪ĸףôչңҿ϶ûµġ
ͷˡлοصͷ֪лСã书Ӳģ϶ٲġл˶ŮûٹǣڴǶС
ĸȥɡл˾վڽǵС·߶ϣܽȥһ˲¡
´ΰɡлźؾܾˣڶ¸ˣеæء㸸ЩӶ飬ȫˡ
ô죿лžûã綼Ҫˡ
лҲЩϣлԶȽϼԶˣڼҹǰǣպ˶ʣ¶
ĸ׿Ҫע塣л˵ĸ׵֣ɱСɩӾͰˡ
˵ʲôл˵ŮһۣϾԱߣ̿ƵģһҲףΣҲʡģ
Слװ޹
л˸öĶ˵ˣú壬Щʱ㡣
ĸټлͬĸ׵˼ùŮĸͳţͬϻ
л·϶ڸпҴ羹ȻҪˣСɩӻôСءҼ޸ʱҲʮأôļ
ߵ׺áлԶȢӣû˼лˡ
˻صʱϢʹˣ˷׷ϲл̫ܵףѾû𺳵ϲãףĿ֣лڴ϶ֲ֧
ϵſڷԸȥ̫ҽԺֵ̫ҽ
лˣÿ⺰ôţ
Ǵ£ǵȻҪϣȻ𣿡ϻлߣڴлĶͷգûв
лҡҡͷ˳Եле㲻ûʲôˡ
ָڶϵֱϣôţҶûϡ
ôܲţл˼Դлʲô֪뺢ôŸӽţҪǺܵδǸá
̫ҽԺԴ̫͸УۺãɶᣬżиͷȵС˺ӣļʾʹ½̫ҽԺļʮλ̫ҽжҽȴû֮أﻵˡ
һ˵ʺУҪȥ˼Ѫһӿһ·ŻʺǲⲻǲþǸôΡǷлɫڻʵָ
̫ҽǸϽһջĿ⣬ߵ
Ϸлãڳλ̫ҽ
лΣô̫ҽˣﵽʲôʱ򣬶Ҳ̫ˡ
Ϊ׵̫ҽһ߲ϣһؿͬʱʮλ̫ҽ˾Ͷ˸顣
л̫̾ҽļգһμ˿̫ҽżˣ
̫ҽߴߴصûһ͵ó˽̫ҽΪش𣺡ػϣʺһΪӼãӦʲô⣬ڻгڡֻƽʱҪעƽĪŭϲ
л϶ţļ䡣лȷʵ󣬶Ϊֵáصһ۶ϣΪȣϿߣлԺ󶼲ˡ
䲻ֱлˣ֪ˣһ뷨Ӻ壬һ߸̾ŮӻйȻȣҪĲС
ѯ̫ҽʺҪȰ̥ҩ
лһӿ̫ҽشͻֶȻܾҪ
ץס֣Ȱ̫ҽ˵
̫ҽеĿȵϣѹʵش𣬡ػϣûԲʣúҩҩֶǱҪҺȡƽʱϢʳעЩС
л˿úҩʲô˵ϣһֱԣ
ҩҲģʳŷ̷ʺ¶ע⣬ԸȥмŵӣŮڲܳԵõĶд
Ȼ١֣㽫̫ҽдĵӶ೭֣˴ġ
̫ҽ١׷¸ȥæ
ϵסһ̫ҽһҪʡ̫ҽסͬһˣһร̫ҽӲͷƤȴʻ
ȡʲôҪע𣿡ϺʣֻһǱлΣҪлߡ
̫ҽ̫ҽԺ½̫ҽҽͺܲʵôһͶˣػϣӦⷿ£ǰںڵ¾ԲСԵĻһֱ𡭡
лѾװˡɫỊ֪̄ˣȥɡ
ȵĽŲʧлðԴϵӣ̽ʵǲиоһˣ


66 
ȷʵǰԼ˸о, ̹Ȼϣǣ޴Űǰе㻳ɡ
ôңлڶ, ڵžһȷйеŭȻôҪš
лļ򰲸ʱ͵ԼµģҲȷ˵һ, Ҳſջϲ
ô³ģл, ԼûоءǶϲ˯ͻȻͱʵ, ΪȻգŶ೤Ͳˡ
лʶɤ, 뷨ڶԲ˵
ǰ, ǰõڶˣǡֱ׵˵Ҳ, Եһ⣬³ˣ޾˲²⣬̫ҽʹ
̫ҽ˵лգ۾ʵ
̫ҽ˵, Ҳ²׼Ϊ֮ǰ˹˿, 䳤ϵлС, ϵĴĦġ֮ǶЩʱ, ޿Щ˺ӡ
ҲңлдűԹ, һΪģԶ䵭ˡ
ӵֶס˼룡
лʲôܻ, ǿһֱ㣬δǱˡ
֪ˡл˱˻ԣмΪҶ㣬ҲҪ˵ô¶ǰɣ˹ֲ˼ġ
ϣ
е뷨׽·ͻȻЩˡ
ǻզ죬˳¡
ѵǣ
лЦһ»Ҫֺʵ̫ɰˣδίܷĶϡл·ʲôһ㣬ͦϲָо̰ͼ࣬Ժôϣ޵ʱ
أ϶ึЩӦõġ
Цһһڵëһǰצб۾֨֨
лˣͷȥ֪ԼУɰˡŵСצӸճС߬ȭͷһģһϴҲһһԽԽ
ǶϺȻһƣס·˫ץסֻö׽ٵлԶԶġ
лëء
Ϸţ棬ڻУⲻ֪ɲɾСԶЩ
һ棬궴˭֪մЩʲô㿴ëɾҲǲҵġ
лִӰջأ˵öԣҺ涼𣿡
ʶϣֻǱԹһ£磽еźϾ˼յС¯ء
㿴ͲˡϵСߣлƽǰ
ˣ溰ݵӡ
ǴʵкηԸ
𣬡⹬ʲôӵĵطʺԶһЩЩ̷Ҳ
룬ػϣеģŷλӽʦرӣĸַ׳
ǾͰȥŷ
ҪէȻҪ죬ϵķԸΥֻҪӡ
лȥˣôģŷǻӸȥĵط𣿡
ʣ治˵˻˿֮
æջ֣˰벽վͷ޹ؿʺ
ΰҲû취лϲԻСǾ͵ĵȥչˡŷȷʵпܷ⡣
л˼ȥɩ֮ǰ˵ҲͦϲģԸԸɡ
ã϶ﲻʵӣõĶȥ˻ɩǸҲ

ʱѾ뿪ȥˣֻʣлͱؽСͼлǰһ衣һСӣץӵӡ
·ϻɻˣûչˣˣ
Ҳлϣ֪е¡ΪɩӺѣȥһʱģǶϵʱô˵شŻʺˣûȥǰʱԼѣͲȥˡ
ǰƵضҪˣܺȻĹסǰһ㣬ųڲסΣ⿴ȥ
ֻǹ˵һ绹Ϊʲôˣתͷˡ
л£Ҳˣɩ񡣡
簤л£ؿʼˡ
²յֻǲ֪ɩз㣬ǲоˣҺͶұˡ
ҼʲôġȻ٣ԼһԺӣסĻҲȽ徲мλֵܵҶȽԶԼԺСű˵¡
ǸøӣŪӵĶ챻ҧˡ絣ĵ
лͣҾûҹûкʵӣ⻹˼ʱġ
һͲˣȱ˼ڵĿϢĺɵëëҲֱһŻᶯ޻
ұ㲻ˡ罫ԼЩϸŹɵСˣٰͻ׼İװ֡
ʱ˵ɡлûʲôʱӻҲż˺ӣҪ˵ӻСܸ֮Ļˡ
粻ЦôСģЩǺõģɱ
šлϱԹϣȴ϶ͺӿǡ
лֻк棬ѵҲ̲źȡ
лͷỻģҾݶ˻ᴮζֻ١һ֡
ģ٩Լ١ߣҪҲġ
١ľͣȻġһδйеĹѾŮӣָл֮ˣԼûо顣
ɩ˵ﻰңչӣҶܸмˡлǺġ
翴ЦȻϲ÷ŵлЩһƺº˲٣˺֮ı仯˵ĽС
úӣ룬СͷİɡеһֱǹԵģϲϲĺӣ갢ҲǸܹԵĺӡǵĺһҲ
лò׼⺢û˭֪ǸʲôӣЦôŶãġ
ҲǣӦš
лȻע⵽ĻֻжϺɩΪδ˵
ǰ̫Ӱ׵ܣҲĵܵܰΪɩ϶ҲշĻܻԶͺĬǰ̫ûֵܡ
練ӳһŶĸ˵ѽ
֪лξͺˣǴģӡѰҹƬΡл룬ǺӣܲȺʱ밢ϵĴǳ˶ĸţͲ˼£ֱռ˵ڰھӵλáʱȻʡϾ̺ܽӣԳ˵Сʱųࡣ
˵Ĵ·ʽȫͬԳ˵Ǻܻץˣϸߣʱ޿̲ڸѧϰǺӣ˵ʵСĸоԳ׽Σദ죬͵ˡҼ붫ʱԳɼˣҶҲϤ
ŶлҲ̲Ƶģԭ⾹ȻҲģ
п꿴ģСӴһʼгεġ
ɡҲЩֻ˳лĻ𣬡ĸݲ̫ãǹŮϵĸ׺ôƷԱ֮ŮǾ˵ĲȻʧĸıӻ˵ĵҲȫͬ
һתЦͬϵĺӶȻܵõģ϶ڸĸϳԿԺҲǴš
л̾⺢ӾͨˣƽһӾͺãҲ롣
ʲôҪԺӱ̫ߵأлȲ⺢ǰ̫һĸۣҲһ꿲ĸһڸĸʶȵ۰³ƽȲʧȤͺá
вѧɱԷƱҷĸ׵Ӱǲĥġ˵ʱ͵һʱգǰĸáĸ밢ϵĸ׳ƽˣǶͳôˣûöϽ
ô𣿡л˵ˣ⼸¶Щ飡Կ
ŬŬ⺢һ㣬ʣµͱȽԵˣĺܲϵøһӣ
Լ۾绵Цų⣬ð϶
лȻöҲźãҽ˯ǰ£
翴ҲˣúЪϢɣҴˡ
ĻЦԣ
лɩߣ㡣
Ȳ߻ɩĹǼҹƤʵˡ
תˣҵŮţû·
ǰͻȻʲôл˵Ĺڰĸɱ˵Ҿ͸ˣδ𡣰ϲ̸ĸ
лæӦ£֤˵©졣޹ȻϵӦŮɩ𣿡


67 ̥
Ҳ˶ϵ, סµľţлһֶۣһ顣л΢΢ױʾ֪, һ¶ݵġ
ѾƹŮ߽ˣǰʺõɩ
ǳЦӦɩӴˣúչ˻ʺ󡣡
Ҫ𣿡ţɩһ, ڹܻ, ڼ˵Ҳ, İ졣
Ȥţʺţ϶Ǹ㡣
۾мŰ, ʺ˵, Ϳɣ
ɣϲôɵɣ
лһֻ, ʲôû˵ΪʲôһֱںҲ뷨Ȼ¶ôһ㡣
ɤӣ, ⲻɩ
׽ķޣһľ˾ͻȤ䵭, Ҳǵôı￴, Ȼʵľ, ƺͦ׼
ĸʢһʱڳ, ʱȻĸһͣһȻͻȻˣĸҲûгг, Ҳû衣
ĸ׵ã˹Ȼһĳ谮ҲͷʢǾ裬ʱʱõǲ
ԶԴϼ⻰ʱ̿лԼԵռʱлеᷳлദʱʹڸУлദʱ⡣
л˭ˣֻҪÿζܻص߾ͺá
粻ˣװŭɩӵģʺˡ
ңһʱ֪νͣ𵱳ڶʱֳɩӽ̵࣬˵ʲôţѧԴӲΪԼ⡣
лɩˣ
һתлԶϵɩҲæģɩ¡
ЦҾȥСԺٳ㣬վˡ
ãл˵ͷɩʲôʱá
罫ӵݸŮȥл͵ǰҪˣǵذɣ´ټ
лת޵ȥ·ϣл𣬡Ϊλɩڹпأ
ǵùӦǲõģһ˹ŶҪвſɣõĻ̧Žͣƺһݵġ
ϽлڰϣţɩǰӾͲ̫ãƽʱǿֻҪһ۾ͻܣҲǱ׼˽ɳ˳ġ
Ŷԭлδʲô岻ʣҲδֳлӡһֱˬԵĸо
ɩЩöˡϸлԼ裬տʼʱĺأڼбŲЩ뿪ˡ
лӦԺҲĻɩġ
ϼеˮɫܵĻɫ򿪺뿴ݵʲôͼˮƮһƬȦˮݳĺ
лס֣ҪѲ豭ù١ָݵĲ裬˵һвܺȲҶˡҪǲϲζԺרŸݺ裬ҵֿ
޷ûѲյߣͷСڳ˳Ǻ嵭ζûе֣Ⱦͺá
֪лúܣһߺŨĲҶлֻһԿţʱʱȼûʲôζˮ϶Ҫˡ
лϲ˵ˣϻܲµġ
ǾɡлҲϻˣȵĹ߾С
ϸлӵûʲôԵĸоʵɩЩʲô
лûʲôɩжƤлɩҶЩ̺̽ӡ
ȷʵһֱлֵЩʲôʵޣԼʱʲôæҲﲻϡӶ鵹Ǹѡ
̫СˣʲôҲЩʷӼ϶УҲ˷ʱ䣬ȴӼ򵥵Ŀʼÿǧġ
л

ȡҼ򵥵С°ɣ̫ӵ֣СӶϲµġ
ҲãϽСӣȥʲô飬͵ʺ
Сȥ˰͸лü飬Ͳܹ̫ྫϸѡڱõĹ¡
лŶÿոҲܶСˣ⣬ãŵϣÿһŵͷС档
ϣл˫˫ԡ꣬һͬڿĴϡлƽţ˫ֽСŶӸѾڵĶԼò˼顣
סŸˣ
ϵĴָպܰסֻС֣һֳסͷбҲȥȥӦݵת䡣
øӶˣлϻȦļ米Ŀڴеľƿˡ
ϵ²Ūƽ֧ͿϡŸ
ͷŵ飬һüлƵشǺҪɲҪŶ
סЦ⣬һʼǰɽһֻС꣬ɻΪԻɽ·ˣʳ˵ľѪ
˸ͷ;òˣʲô飬Сģ
ͣѽлߴٵ
ֻּĳգһɽСҪһΪŮӣˡлСһ;ܣԳٳҲûԵ

СһŮӣ¿ɽУչһʱգŮǶĻ䡭
žؽϣҪ˯ⲻݱ
ôˣлŵһգͼֲȥ滹мأ
ָӣڱ޽̻ӣ
лܣҶ˸ͷˣ㲻ҽ˯ˣ
סЦţո˭˵Լģ
лӲҪӣⲻ˳
ϻҪ𣬡ջ
УлץɫӣĻ˯ŵġ
лϿܲãֻ˳һ£첻ٿⱾˡ
ãлϲӦţ˯ȥⱾǺüС£ͦϲһϲԼ
ڶȤлڵڶϼ˱ʱ˶Ҫˡ
ȥѡ飬ʵҲ󵼺ӣҲܵɽ̲ãԺ
л
ʲôʲôԹҪĥ
Ϸ飬ɡгطһ룬ˮһߡ[1]
л۾һսСһչҪ˯ȥñӰס䣬Ǻô
ϵ˵ơֵǣϱ߶ŻҪ㣬˸̷ϲŪյزӡҪ
лӱĽǿջЦţöԣ
һ죬ҲҪϣҵţ

һºлĶӻԣߣҲǶˡк̫ҽȱÿЩɵĻɡ
˵߶պÿն԰ϼȦȻûʲôˣǹͺͺĻҰܸУҲֻÿйƵߣ;
նæûʱڵĻߣˤˡżڣлԼŹŮҲ
󣬡䣬ȦǾͻȥɡ
лҲд˴㣬š
˵Ҳ֣ⶼ·ݿ춼ҪǴůļˣƫƫһѩǱɶˡ·ֳвũڵﲥµҲ֪᲻ΪһͻĴѿˡ
ϽΪ¶æţʱ鷿ټ飬Ｘû
аŹ˽ߵ·ϵĻѩɾȫ·߻߻ֽĵطҲҪõˣûעȥ
ɢЩˣǺ׵ЬȴǾתԴȥɡ
˲ûȻӭһλСŮĴ㣬лʵ»Żţ
ˣ˵ӣڣ١ūϣûظ
ˣлǵƵĿ⣬ɲĸ
л㣬ҲʧΪһѡһ˵ʲôõĻأ
лصûʲôȥɡ
㣺ǣ
лŴȻˣȵֻ˵Ըˣæؾ˰ɡ
Ը⣿л첻ѣ˼ԼȻ׽ĸĸԸˣǸ˶ôӰ졣
ĸĸҲûʲôãл١֣ȥɣֱӸԭ򼴿ɣö˵
鱻˳ҪѾڹǰվ˰ʱˣδ洫ʲôϢǴͨһʵһֱҪ߶϶飬סϢǼŮ
޵شָл
鲻ǰմϷؾְ˼žͱһٿߣ˵ʲôŪķҡ
ҲŮԹл鲻ţл̳ܽŮϱΪ첲գҲԹϡ
ֵˣųػĹλɣﲻǣλ´ɣ
϶ʱˣһ۲
º͵شţã๫ˣ빫ʺá
ϣϷҾ˵ʺǹŮ㻹ţԼĹŮܲ


68 
һʼǲǻʺĴ, ҲײˣֻһֱڼгֵϲŪ˼Ҷûƨ, 
ǽȻܾ׹Ů˵ĲΪǲмӣʲôƷġ˾δ, ò׽ܼ, ϻʺû˵, ƫƫԼԸ⣬ôܣ
Щҡ, һ˵о, ʲôлҪסԼĵλ֮µλֻһ, л䣬õ֧֡
ʺƣлһҲҺʵ, ϲмƲƲ죬Զװģ˿, Իõġ
⻰Щ, 龯˵, ǻ档
ҲЩ飬Ļӿڳ, һԼҵݳĳεļͣ־ûʲôµ, ̵˵лһ䲻ã㶼뿪¶ˣš
÷˸ۣԼŴؿڣŮ̯ôǵùԼŮŮĶͷ
ǲŮĶͷǻʺǹĸǱݶˣǿţɷлҵĴϰˣ⻰һûС
»ҲܣѾûŮˣӰûţ취
̾һֺγģЭȥɡ
ݼֻ˵˵һ̣ͷ˰ڵӻجج˸ĸƽǵġӶԼĴΪǸǣƵˡ
ڵڵϣΪףʺжµĸЩӻʵ۴͹ˣֻڻʹһǿҪùˣҲû¡
˵ԻʺʲôоţǸǻ
Ǹ˱һ޹ĺ֣ô
˵ʲô̷һԣ˵ʲôк±һ䡣
¡˼ڱӾͲˣ仯ʻϵĸʳ֮ζַŻﶶ˶ָм
µӸ֣ﻹҪЩ飬ЩӺЪϢ֮ǰöˡ
ǳЦţڰֵĲˣͨˡ
²֪οջӰһԡ
ڰһʱǼįе㶯Ȼʵôˣ
¼ɬؿڣΪѣ¾ǻʺУѾ֪ˡū澶˵ˡ
΢΢̧ۿֻߵӣ˵
ȻᣬΪӣøʺر³ó軹Ըʶ䣬ӱԼ֪ʲô
Ǿñἵʻʺ󣿡سţû飿
ʻʺʲôֲϲʵۡʺﲻʵʱʤ߰ˣȻʵ۱ʺҲʲô³
Լһʲô⣬޼θиʧǻʼ飬ܿܰˡ
ʼΪҩ»Թ֪ȥ˿ຮ֮أеǣҽȡһУռ·
񽥽ᣬ˼ҲƮǲ֪δԶ
ºڵʺе£ʵҲС¡
Ŷ˵뱾¾ϵŦԼԵĺܶ£Ҫӱܵһˣȴì֪ܵƺƿеδ֪־塣οԼⶼǱ˸ģİõƭƭԼ
̾ū澲֪µ٣ŷĹ˵ġ͵
šһŷܲŵʲôˣĸƷ˹
ūȥȡĵʱŷ˲ʵĹӣ˳õµϿȥ˵𣬺ȻתɫǳӲūã˵ǻϸʺҵʹӡ
û뵽ڸʺԵģоԼ˲ۣŭʲôģֲһڡ
ټرˣŵú˰벽ūһʼҲ֪ΪֻͨĹӡǳӸū澣Ϊѩ·ӺѱͽˣЩǸʺġ
һڹӡ⣬ŸеĻʺ漴뵽ʲô˵ѩ·
԰峺ȫǲ⣬۾
е΢΢ȭ϶ţǿСʲôط֣
ͷ飬ԾظһŮҲҪͣ׸ոջؾãǳ񣬸ٲֵñ
꣬ʵūҲЩ޷Ϊǽѡǳ˵жѵõʱᵽ˷·
µľţ·ͨ𣿡
ͺܳʱزˡ
ǵġڵ˵ɽ·ǰʱ򻬣Щˤɽ±ɽ
üԵǣô·ôܳ˳أ
¶һŵоգˣҲʯͷסûȥ
󣡡
ǰǶһ١תֵǱ·µԸԼˣͣڳøʷȥԼڵصĻûǮסεĿˣˡ¶ͲˣǴŲ
¾ǳӵЦ˵ū澵ģΪ˸ūǹӺ󣬶ҪȽŻʺ󡣡Ҳû취ֻܰοȴľͻˡ
û˵¸еĺˣ̽ʵˣ
һصƿϵĴ̣Ĵ̶졣Ӳˤˣۼֿشһ¡
£䵭ЩȥҪЪϢˡ
²ҶԣԸоϱ̵ŭ
ʢŸӣµˡ
ȷЪˣʱڲỽ̷ݵسݼʺ¹
лڳԶϸӣ˶ǰţ㱨ķӦ
ȷлٴȷţŮΪʲôһ黨ǲֻһԭ򡭡
ūȷߵ׿϶ЩķԽԽͣѾǰ¶Ҳ׼ķӦ
ϸհӣֻƻƤɫûʲô仯һֱרעضתȦƻ֪ˣȥ糣̷ɡ
¸ˣһ֦¿÷Żݼ
лţ̾Ȼ
Ǹ޴ڸУԣ˵ϲˣ
ȻɫƽƽлԼԱ֮Եóס̲סϵĸ첲һҲ⣿
϶ͣƻƤĳһһֱûϣһ㣬뵹Ǿ֮С
л˼һҲǸ̫ڲԼˡˣŨضʵϷױݣǸˡݰģƭ̫ˡ
ǻʼĻô𣿡лίʵ̾ˣϵ񶼱ˡӮ˵ʵۣҲǸ׵ġ
ϱĪ񶢵òڣһʼҲû뵽
Ŭ֤ʵԼֻǺţǸŮ˽̳ĺӣ;òΪˡ
ĸŮˣл˵ͷӦ˵ڶĸþǡ粻˵ЩҪν֪Щµġ
ڶл֪͵ĸá
΢ɲصЩĸѶǸŮˣǸóαװԼˡ
лʣѾƻгɼ飬øķ֮һС԰ɣһͱˡ
Ŷлӹҧһڣ۾Ծ󣬡𣬲Ǿǳİɡ
ǰԵĲ̫һʲôظʺϳƻĵطģʱﾹȻźƻǲס
лӦǰбĹӷŵˣŹôóˣȻʣģʹǴ˲ٶ
ϲ˵Ӳɾϵƻ֭𵶾߷ֹлСţãһЩúƤá
лԵҵƤҲãҺ˺ӲŻá
ܾûкϴעӣʡƵģв͸УëƤСҲһ
Զԣ˲СϺԺҪĸ˵ϰߡȻǸ˼лкʲôԲ
⻹࣬лƽԶϵ¾ȥæɣһҪȥչˡ
ʱǳԹ󣬲ͻǰԵĵˮԱ˯лЩ޷ôӵԼǰӡ̫ҽ϶ȰϢҲͲΪԼˡ
ţ㲻Ҫٹˣ޻ᰲ˽ؾ󡣡Ҫȥ鷿ټ£ǰлƻһһĵ
лҵ𣿡
ϸ۲죬΢Բ˵ָбøˣװʲôûֵӣ̹ȻûУôأ
̧ԼлûкԵĸоı仯ȽԼվӾ;ÿ춼һʵ˺ܶ࣬ɱƭҡ
汣֤
Ǻðɡлˣȥæġ
ˣ߳ͣ£̫Ҫˣݱŵ˵һɮС


69 ̥
̫Ҫع, лһ㶼Ϣ̫ô˽ʱΪϵĹϵŲùϵٱֵ̫̫֪, ĵܰµĸᷳ
ȶԼԵظоʱǶȥԼôù, ܵίӹҲ, ̫һ, ƽӾ͵ͷˡ
һ㶼뿴˼һعлɫģ¶Եų, Ҳϲ̫, ⡣
Թ˿϶ҪҼ£Һá
޲ġҲ̫ͷ, ̫ҽ˵лڵĲڸѾٵˣǾлǰ಻٣Ϊ̫·ģ
лתת鶯۾Ц鷳, Ҳİ
̫ܲӺͺӲɣҲǸľͷ˰Ū, ֻǸɮ, ǻɩ˵սʦ
̫ɮ֪˭𣿡л̫, ֻ̫֮֡
˹ע̫ȻҲ, ˵ǸԴݵĴʦͷʹ̫뽫﷽
ȻսʦлΪ̫û붯·ص˶, ȴ֪Ϊекް
ɫȻͫ΢΢СûнӻϸоĲԾæĵʵﲻ
ûСлعȥæɣҾЩƣ᲻񡣡
áЩϢˣϻ㡣˵ֱ꣬뿪£Ҹͷٻؾ
ǰлֳɻˣϧУϲԸرһͷܶл㲻ȥֳ
лź׶ϵĿģ˱òˡ̽ǶסһЩӲҲŮ׼޹ﶼСοأ
ⲽǰ£ԼûбɣȷʵӯһЩƽɵʱĶӻرԳ԰ȥ
лԴߴٺӿЩմ
ºл¿ĸˣĶӱСƤһԲأԼվӶ˼顣
ҹڶ֮ǰһһܣ˶٣Сͦ졣
ǰ¸ûƵģղлһ
лӵ̫ҽ˵ʱſʼԶӣӻԽԽء
˵ҪˣԼվӷֱɴŸһΣӰۣҪǶأͻۣƽŻһЩԾͱȽˡ
ĶӣԼȣȻ˫ƵлĺƬ̡
лҪ㣬ͻĵطңɿ
ͽ⿪ɢѹ£ϰһƬС¶ŪˡϱõҪʱӸסлƵϣ޸ȡ
̫ҽ˵иȻۣסлӻûԵĸףҲܰһЩҲ̫ҽ˵ˡ
лҲǲˣЦöҪˡ
ϲ⣬Ϊ˯ʱлû£һͲУ
϶лˣ˷ѿıҪڵׯںͷɬȴֻ£лСķ˽ɡ
áлСɩӡã˶úö˫ֲͣŶӸܱĳɳ
ϼлע˭ˣҪߣһ뵽̫ҽ˵Ҫ˳иҪ˳أס
лžӶƤСһͻȻǵÿˣеƤЩĲʸУִ
˼£ϾεذְסôץԼƤġ
ÿӿһۣȻɫץۡлӲܵңվ˵ۣ
Ϻγļţȥ̫ҽ
̫ҽҹ֪ҩóһްɫĸ֬ƤҹͿĨЩ֬һЩ
ù̫ҽĹ͵ۺǰù󵭵°ɡ
ȵ˶ȥϸֽ⿪л£ԺͿһΣЧ
лƳеİ׹ӣȻЩ죬̫ҽԺǲǶһֹװҩܷ࣬
ÿСµ°ڣ˫մһɫĸ֬дŻ׼лͿڶϡ
Ū·ϵģл֣ƵȥС¡Сµмһڱϵ⿪¶ȫӡ
Ͼصɴ۾ʲôûʱ۾Ťͷòá
ѾƵغˣʲôҪӱĥ
ߣӳǲǣлͷڶϵؿڡǰϲӣϲһյܿһУֻ˵Ź˶ãϾˡ
ϣҲ¿˿ƲסԼ
̫ίˣ
Ӿһɣٶⲻסˡ
лֶϣʱ̬ȣͿͺˣͿȫĻһǻġ
áϱȥлĶӣһʱ׼طлץסְ˶Ƥϣҵλá
˵ңлֱֱ׳۾ôͿãͿҲŻᶳš
ζڼɬۣרעظлͿĨĸ֬ఴһʹȫաڼʱעܣ
۾ƲܿƣɨһƬ÷ѩ壬̼ӻջǣһĻδС
ⶼʲôʲô
òͿĨˣˢϱӴ˯
ںȻһƬڣл۾ûӦʵ㲻𣿡
лͷˣ˯
лﲻ˯
ǽȷʵ̫ˣЪһɡҲʡʡӲŶ֡㾭еĿˡ
ȦסϵϸϰƤ˿Ϸڶϵֱۺϡ
ϣ
лҹߣ
лɩʺŮģŷ˷ٵŮӣлǰʱ˶Ա˴ڵӸе档
л˵ɬУ浾
ĿһֱлĶϣ治ѡ
лкɩҪҪ
һ۾Ϳӵ棬ĶҲӣȴ˲һ꣬ǺСѾͷ
𣿡дɣɽŲ˳߹ȥ£СлĿط¡Ķӣ̲ס
ɣлЦиСһڳ󡣡
˵ͷ˵໰Ƭ̺ʵڶĻᶯ𣿡
֪л⺢ӹǸСèôҲûҶ﷭ڹ
ֻţĻȣ̾˵Ǹĺӡ
˵䣬еĴƤƺйһ£ԲԲ۲ɵ󣬴ؿͬ𾪵лѯʵоˣ
л˼һҲȥСһܸӵֶһ¡
̥
л˵еĸоһֱ⺢ӸķӦֻ˳Ĵһ£ˣʱôãֻԼ󣬶ˣ
̫Ȳ뽫·ϣȥѻϽ
١̱˳ȥ
ǳǳЦţĽͬϡ
ĽʲôлЦͬҸҲӲͺˣ
ٿغǲ˵̫СٵȵȰɡ
лҲǣСɩ͸չǼ£Ͱ˱ؼˣʵǺＱȷʵͲСˣҲ
Ҷٿǻµģл̾ţ׺˼ͺˣһܽŸֻһ빬ҲɣѾѵˡŮӣûᡣ
ָӵ˵˵ٵȡұߡ
˵͵ԴлԼᡣ
лΪʲôʱôˣôɵ£Ҳ̫СˣǺ¡
ᱻģ̇ͷл۾˵Ļľͻᱻߡ
лĻ⣬ȴͷԾͲٶ룬ӱ˷ӦҲúã㶼ɩˣ¿û˸ˡ
СһڰлһпɺãΣ
ţŶֻǡ
ֹл׷ȥʲô쳣𣿡
˵Ҳֻ֣˵лǰЩĸȥ߶ǹ˰˲ҷ˶ȥˡĸ׾ʹȥǣҲЩʶռ븮ҡһж˳иϣʱʱĸ׵Ļ߹⽫ͷĸ˵һЩⴵĻ
֮ĸף˺ܲԼ˵꣬ʵ˸ĸʲôԹ
лû뵽϶жˣҲûǰǾȻĸʹӣĸ׿гԿ
ǵûУĸ׼仰ܶ졣Цľĸһ˲ˣûĸ׷ӦĿ졣
ǾͺãлһԺϲ
ؾ͸һԼ


70 
ůͺѺͻؾ, ֻԼǰȥ˵еʷڵ顣
л˵ҪҲҪȥ, Ϊ֣ҲǣӦ֪ȫò
Ͽл¡Ķͷ۲ѣѾµĶ, һε, ⿴Ŷľ, Ȱţֲʲô£Ҫǳײͺô죿
лҾһ, ᱻײ, Һҡ
һŶ϶ҪлͲС, µǴڼΧȻѹҪʲô̷ŵлҲпܡ
лˮӯӯ۾Ǿǿʱ̫̽ҽ϶һ˵Ҫ˳и, ˳ʵǲܺǿӲܾ
Ȼһû, ȴһҲ㡣
ð, ̲͵, һͬȥЭ
л㣬Цŵ˵ͷӦ, ţҿ϶ԹԵġ
͵Ƕϵ޹ط޹ͬ, ǰ鷿ʹ޹ֻһСֹܶѡ
л϶ŰʱùţŸһǰ͵ʱ̲ڶѾ׼׵͵ȵۺ
ֻһ̫ɿ£ϻż˱ԵŹڵϡ
ڳ˵ۺݸߣǰﳼǶվţֻһڿտĵͻأ۵عţǱҲǸүδܹ衣
һڵϹţʡ˹վ鷳
ȵҶˣŴǳлȴͳִίԹԳϣֻЩǻʼҶˣǳԣҲҹѺͻ˴ĳ峼ɣ
лһͬڸλţӸµؿ滹ڴзһģô޳ܣ˵ģ
ϵȻΪ£Ҳͬ֡
ͫ΢ͷ𲻺õԤСǡܣôܲ鵽ͷأ
ϼ˵ʻ˽ﵽ˶ٻ|ҩ
һ仰ӦĲ룬侲Σޱ˵ʲô
۶ʲôֶαʣҧϣΪϲ㹻ֵ֤֤
ȷʵޱЦһתͷ̲Ը֤ݳ
ͷһɿػԼûβɾһֱȷûųװģָֻһ޹ɫ
л濴ƵģֱˣǳϷһݡ
ӵ˱ģ˿Թذ̣һ𼸱Ƥ˱ָ˵ػϣǳµõ˱ÿ¶һԴߵˡ
û˵꣬ͱϡеر⣬޹ɫʱŻе̹Ȼл֪ͳһƭ˵òƭʱ䳤˲ࡣ
ţԩ죬ﳼµӲЩͨ⡣ıҲ֪ⶼǮüӲǿֻԽԽࡣ
ȵ˱žž죬ˡֱԣϵӱүٺ»ɶˣǰҲûôӡ
󣬲Ļᣬִһó˱Ǹ|ҩּ̻ҵ˱ּÿνӵϸˣ¼ʱպöӦ̴֧ʱ䡣
̻вȱҵĻ|ҩûӷȴܰĿ͵гһó
ǺЦ飬˵ʲôɺϰˡⲻãҲԭϺͽ֧Ǯơ
˵̧꣬ͷϣϣⷱÿձȳ֧ĴڣΪξ϶ǳأ
죬֣ɱ˳ʹ˵価Ǳʹ֮⡣
лİԾ̾ҪϷ̨ӣ͡
𣿡Ͽ飬㶫ȷʵû˵
УһݹǼ̻ǩֻѺĴʣ̻̲ĹʴϹĿָӻľ¥һλСˣү¥ĳ͡
ɫ䣬ʵϳģ
ǰʱĲ鰸Ϳ಻ԣûϸָ˲ķ򣬾Ҳ˼󹦷򣬡дǼˣճжܽӴһһ϶ΣС˵Ϊÿ˶ףҲǴ¥ȷ϶ղſ϶ġ
ЦţԽ˵ǿӲϣӲ֤Ҫˣɲ֪˵ʲôˡµĵط̫ˣʲôϣα֤ﳼηֱأ
ϣ㣬ѵҪ©ٳ֤ʺν֤ݣͽ˴ڳͷϣ˵Ϳۡ
ʹ֣ˣϾܴԹԣȴԸ
ϳĬԣһ仰˷ѿࡣʵл֣츳
ôֵ꣬ʵҲûǸôˣǺȻֲĸڲ²˻װ
͵ʱףҲûһСӵ¶㲻ǰԼСѧһױһ׵硣
ϲЦֳʲôѧᣬֶβѧ˭죿СֵܼӦʮꡣ
лؿ˲ôģô֤ݰǰȻΪЩ֤Ҳȷʵֵָܳβϸ£ЩµĶȻ̫ġ
µҲ٣ӶҲ࣬˷ֱԹ˲ǣ˷Ŀ͵еĿһҲ鷳ҪźܶˣԽ֪Լã˷Ǹʲô֪ͨˡ
Ȼǳţֻǿŵۺ齥һޣݰɢŭ⡣Щò׼ʲôõۺһģܶطĨɾˣˡ
κڰһ˵öԣЩ
ͷѵԾСͷӬһ㵽Ҳûʲôջڲ鵽ĶȻܶڻϺͱըЩƶĹˡ
ûʮİգҲὫ뵽⺰
ĽȥԵԲ۾˵ô£ӦûʵۻɵϲŶԣǿԭȻӯ
ǿӲش͵Ī뿪Լݼ̤һ˲ʧȥȫУԽǱűƽʵ۵޹һľ£ðȡ
ſھͱһѽȥŭѣ࿴һۣֻȼʵۣû뵽˼ܼˡ
ɴ۾˸Ϸĵۺ񣬶ǱĲû˵
ЦǾʶˣ
ŻعŻŵع£ߵϻʺ
ڵϣһֱûȵۺֱֻô˵
ֱᣬʺ֪
ӼǱعž;ΧԣʱǱһ֮£һʱ֪𣬡檣檡
ʱ˵Ϊƶ֮ǰѾйʲôƵϣһ
ĵ׽¡Ӧòһأ
ѾϲԼеĵλˡ
δü˵ʲôȱϣɲСɱΣƭˡ˵Ļ򲻿ţ
ﲻѵؿԶ׽ǰһĵȴĻˮͷ£͸ı
Ѿ˲ɻΪʲôΪϸ淢
Цдһ˿аƦϣ֪ˣ˵Ҳ˼ɣȱһԡ
˵Լࡣ
߰°ͣмƳһô볼ȾϣǿĸŮӣѰֵġŮˣû˯֪𣿡
||ģ¶ǵĻڳ̶
оԼԴҪըˣϻջǵط̣ƱˮһҪСֻ⾹Ȼ˵Ļ
֮Ըô˵Ϊ߹ϴδ˯ҲûУһӺ׾ܱ׵ģܸƲϵ
ζ벻빬СĽŵӣȻַʽãΪؼʱƾ֤
л˼ɵĻͻȻһģȥֲؿڻĿڻջǡ쳣ϵע⣬Ϲ˲ÿ¿ˮ̵һһл˳ιˮ
Щ𣿡лɫףϵ
лصͷá
ǺͻȻˣΣգ޲ܸŶӽѵһС
лæҡҡͷָ·ŵˣ̫ˡ
ĵлĻǺ˼ͬ顣
лĻ󣬵õڵÿ˶ͦɫӲûʺΪβų
лһĸ𣬷ľܾ㡭˵
ϡϺǳ̾ͳһ鲻̫ɾĲ
л˳˲٣޳ܵǱ˺áһʱ밲ʱѾƽܶΣ¶Ҫ
һ̣ƣۣҲá
⸱ģΡŵĻʵ۲һһ¡кл緢һĿȴԼһӶǹУͼݵĵС
ԸΣиУֻͨƭӱܵķʽ⣬ŵδ
ⱲӶϻλʵĻȫ𡣶һĿͱӵĻҲĥꡣ
ΪϲգȨڻұǣҶǣΪŵδ־ȴδʱƽȻޱȣϣĽԸΪ䵶Ӻʺ󡣡
лڵȵ仰ȴ˵Ǹʲô飬ȻԹżʶͻ֪л̲סпǸ΢ôˣͬ
£ʺ֪ľ׿ڳϣ޿ɱ硣
ŵ췢ص˵ȴ壬ֻԼаû
ԭԭӯﲢûͶʵۣԼĻƵӯ˵ʵ
Ҳ˵ʵһʼûоԵ֤ݡһжǽڼΪĲ֮ϡվǲ룬ֻҪҧһԼסӯ֤ʡ


71 Թ
ʱƽ, ⼸Ļǣƣڵص¶ڣĹȥ, ҲԹһƫе˵
ǰڽͷ¥ʶʱֻǴҴһ𣬳檲֪ݡӣׯ, ೡ, ż, 檱Ե֡պĹˡ
лɻΪβ޸, ֱȥײͺˣ
һү, һƷԱ֮Ůŵ, һºߵ˵ز
һ챻ϵֻش𣺡ү˵䲻ңǻʹбˣ֮е࡭
л, Ȼ֪֮ͦġ
ʵ㣬ֲȢ, Լ㲻ԸٵȾ빬Ϊ
ţұδ빬, һүʱ, Ҵһ˵ľأǰ˳ǻ, Уǲ˭ӣֻ, Ը빬
вɽ¶ˮĲŻĻܳɴҵƽƽ˵꣬һ˿Ц⣬ֻЦⲻ۵ףҲ֪Ц˭
лʹδƭ𣿡
ʱǿˣǱõԼɵϵġҲǸˣôͺͿǵԡ
ʵڻʺСϵҩ
̹Ȼǡ
ɣ˭ҲһȥﳤأҲùڹڹ⡣
Ҳ֪˽ƻ|ҩһ£ϼʵ
Ȼ϶ү˵
˽лһһоգûһмƻʵʩӶɴȻ˱ضǾ˵ļ
һԲĹʣ˶ܲѣ±䣬ϸؼ¼ϡҲ˿öµĴҪˡ
дйʵֽǰĿûʲôͰӡɡ
ֻɨһۣûôݣ̧־մӡҪϰȥһԹŵȻµʵ췢ǿҵĶٴκԥذ¡
һζ΢ϸСʱڷΧѹ֣ע⵽ߵ춯
һĸɴ䡣ٽõǰȻ̬үﶼ˵ˣҲ水һ±ɡ
ʱⲻ˳ۣʹܶ෸ˣ¸ִĶУΨŮ˵ߡ
սȭͷŲֻѺһ˫ÿҪѿ۾Ѫ˿ͨضϷĵۺԹޡ
ŵл⺧˵ŵˣЩʵҪرܣ漴л˻ȥһ´ĽγҲı䲻ʵ
̧һ䵲лǰšü·ѺֻʲôĪǻûУ̹ˣ
˵⻰Ȥ߳ŭסֻСűʾҪ˵
лϵӣ˵ɣһأ
лɵĻ²ֻһ׼ĹȨλġƫƫǰģǳƭĿ϶˽׼࣬Ÿεƾ֤
ʾ¶Ķ˿϶Ǵڵش˼´һ˫۾죬ίϣһֱر֣ݲ³£ȻҪء׸磡
˻⣿ϵļľȻ磬ҪĿꡣ
֤أֱ׳ϣӣ˵ʲôʲô𣿳ʵĺΪ˳ôһ֮ˣϧԼĳݳ
صԼִʲô
һʢȲĴɱűбȫˤǰ̵ˮ̼͸·°ڣӵһƬˮ̵ӣ죬ʺŭ˵ûе𣿡
лڰУάӲ豭ơȻлݺǴ۽磬޳ģûүġ
ڱĸۡҵ|ҩ
һûС
һЦ׷ʣ˵ҩа취֤ǱģһԼӼأ
鱻סſ֪λۿа취֤
ʧɨһɬ˵ûУүβܸɾ
һʣۿҪɹȴؼ֤档лԾսȭͷʵǲؼһ
ǾԶĽ߽鰸һֱѺҲǲУֻԶ⽻˿࣬ǶϿҪϲк
ҲԸͷһһûġֻҪ˾Ͳ޷죬ǽҲûغβͣǰ¶Լĳһ档
һʱõĳĬЦϣû֤ݿɲӲͷϿȰѳŻȥǵοǲססһնǿ
ȻǱʶþдĻͷ˳һƺҲûǻӲճЩ˿ָϲȷǻϵŮˣǿ϶Ż϶ࡣ
һɣѵǻҪµĻѪ󻼡ǺоϳӣܿϲĺˣȴҲûȥı⡣
ǲܶۻ£÷ԩˡ
һʱޱȾᣬҪ֪ҡ
Ȼһտլ볼檳˽ᣬȥ飬Ҳ
ӯɫͻ䣬ȵ
ʵ㲻ǰµ䲻˺ã㲻Ը𣿡
ɫȻŤݺݵʵ˵㲻λպӵұˡ
֪ڹൣǧ֮ôûгԺôůʱէȻ˵|ж޲ܵǰ˺˼Ůˣٰ
Ųѣҽ͵ǵģӯң㣬ӡ
㾹ȻлЦĽͣɲǼ|Σ࣬͸֧ӣʵƭˣҲš
ȥϷԸǰȥ
Ǿеһӣ涼ưܵľɷס١Ƿڸһ¥ŨƮƬӣʣסҲǺߣҲûʲôԸƬլӡ
˽ᣬǷǳϤһƬġܽĹϵصôǲˡ
ƳɵĻ|ҩֻҪ÷ʩǸصص㡣ھУãճҲǱȥ
ȫû˵ɵشģͲһվΪӯҪ˵ѾõԹ޶תһŮˣӯǰˡ
üʱίƱĻһ֮ģҲǺ㡣
лӦѳˣʵ㾿ǿʲô
лΪˣҪסҪɶɶûУֱͷؤ졣
ԳεҲֻ֪¶ʱ춨Ե֡
֪ɺϹͲɺϣл̵ĻĻ룬һеԴͷɺȫΪ졣
Ӷȥصˣûʲôۼ֪һʼĿĲؽӽĳضԭ򣬿ϧʱھУһ֪
ݴᣬɬؿڣл̻壬֪ΪʱԸ±ܳԡ
лƣ۵غαϣ뽫һΣȴЩ֮ģһͬ顣飬ǹ˶ϣҪµĴĥ𣬶Ҳܼ򵥷ƪ
ϺɷӦеĳͷͽ֣лֻǼ֤һжѡ
ڵϰˣ˿ûзŵģ˵ֺصȥѲܴعؼϢ
ʱһиϻͨϣլз˼ؽѣѳĻ|ҩ뾩Ĳкһģһͬһġ
Ϊȥ˾ã鼱ȵȶˣʱб
͵ǵؽ˷ЩŪǰЩӳʱүµİзֹһԿףһֱûҵӦȥ̲ȡԿؽѵԱȣܶϡ
ֿɻʲô͵ģЦǲҪ˵ԿҲ޳㲻ʱ˷㴲µġ
ĬŲټĴ㶣翵Ļӱпʵ
ǰļļ򣬼ؿޣúãܸɣ
ܰдˣֻл|ҩһ֤ݣҲ͸͸ģοЩЩƶ˼ҡ
ȲԸմһƬӡ࣬ͮͮؼȾѪֵӣȻڹϺݺһһƬ߲ĺɫΡ
θԾʵĲУץֶſſû֪ԼûϷˣ
پԲʽСӣϹĿ
ʱлſһۣͮͮӡֱģȻֹĴⲻǹʶ˵Ļ飬ָҪô
Ϊʲô
·ͳߵлͶϵע⡣ϽʻСȥʵֻʲô
֪һֱĻԹȫΪʲôʲôҪ
ϲ⣬üʵʲô
ôʲô֪ʲôֵġ
ϵĴΪʲôֻ㲻ҪĲŻңҲֳʣĲǡ
лɻѣʶϣ㴩ʣ·ˣ
ͨﺢӶģѴӵ·СӣС괩ʣģû·ͻ᲻ˣԴǻʼܲ˺ᣬȻʺܽڼ
ôܣεȻȻôܼӣźĹҲܰ¡
̧ͷһ۹ޱȼڲĶϣʵ̵Ļӱ㣬㲻Ҫѡҡ
ȷд¡ôԸĸǸαõȥѡ˭޹أǶԼľԼҲоܾȨ
ҡҡͷֵʳ󣬻ʺҪѡӹ̣ûѡ㣬ֻǹСĻӣ΢׽ЩҲ˼հˣʱСҾʹܶ𣿡
ӵλãͷӣܾģҷҲ˵ǰͷʱʺѡӣҲûпǹ
лˣʲôǿ߼
ӱռ˱˻ԣС֮ʲôǲһ㣬ռһ·˳죬ȴյ̶ЩΪĴڣҵһС
Ҹǵӵģһˡţϵظһ仰˵ˣҲ˵Լ
лȥ߼ԹޣĪĵŶˣϴһʼľͲһ㣬Լõ


72 
лĸߺѳһе, ۲̵ذԱһ棬һʱʴӡ
ϦϦ
Ǳʶ˵Լ̧ͷֱϷĵۺ, û㣬ȻᱻʺѡУȻڻʳΪ̫ӣڸʼݱϻλһжʧ֮ۡ
ݺݵ˵Ų, йελԹѾõǿ, ؿڴһ, ⼸仰ľȫ
лŭܣԶ׼ʵû
ڷ, ˫ĿԲ, оеľǿ
΢΢лϵ֣ȰĪҪ
л˵, ԲĶӶڸöʱ̽
лԻסϵġƽ͵˵øЩ, 㣬ԼĻ䣿
ʵס, ֪лͻȻ, һʱ䲻֪ηӦ
лЦ, ôλ, ˼ǣ黭ǹ
ô˵, ˼һԼȻûʲô˵ڵģ豾
ǣлһмػδ̫߿ԼҲֵñ裿
Ļ̫Ҫվۣϵײॵ
Լˡл죬ͽѵԼʲôᣬȥŬƽ˵ϵڱ𣿡
ֻۺˣԼʲôʲôв˳Թˣƾʲôȱ˹úã
㶮ʲôûǿĸ壬ûиʵĳ谮ûϳ͵ʦʲôƵǰѧٺҲ޼£һ޴ãΪʲôҪѧЩ
һʵлҲһʱոʶһ㣬Ϥİ
лٺõƢҲĻŭ̵ֻԹģԹûкúðԲԣ
°̨֮ͣ£㵹ҲһƭŮ˵ֶαû뵽˭ܱȵù㣬¹ĥġ㿴ãҲãֻ˼аϡ
һְŶӣҪԼĺӳɴһ
˼䣬лȻһʹšüͷסһʹûסеĺ
ôˣϻæסлļ򣬵ͷȥСҧס´ͱ飬һľһԵ̺̫ҽ
û¡ûˡлһ󣬴ںǳЦŰοϣֻǱոװͰ͵һţںˡ
תͷҪܳȥ̺ý̫ҽˡ
ŵķһ룬Ŀл¡ĶӣҪ·ͶƤһвʵСһôͻȻˣ
лض㿪Ŀ⣬Ҹ߶ոʲô϶ǶˣıԺһġ
ϸ꣬лû漴ʶʲô˵£ӻᶯˣ
ڶظʵǷļ˼ȵϲ
šлͷӦŶϡ
ϵһθܵڶǺл˷Ӧһ㳤ӵԼ˼룬ܹһʻСлȻһӲӲĵطӦǺӵֻŰɡ
ڸܵӶϲãͻȻелһƽɻǵıһζˣ㲻𣿡
СŪ̫ˣЦ
лĶƤؾϣⲻһζ
ϵˢؽסԡʲô
һζСɩҵգҺСɩӶˡлӶϽµұģǺСʵúܣҾ͸ˡ
ϣˡޣ
п˵
Ǻӵףˣ֪֪лǸżεСɩӾɸˣڼ˹Ȼģ
ɫ鲻ãлοҲ֪һк¶
лרעڱ˴ˣʱ·
ӯӯˮв˸ܾԼĽʺ󣬵ʱ˭ܲĽʺаػأߵѾһС
ؿϷݺݴʹ۾ĵ׵İɢԧ죬ҲҪһ̣ʺǿ
ȻһѵĸпϺлע
ͷԤвã¶Ҫһţȫ˵Ŀ϶ŵΪϾĴ𣿱ȥд̻ϣŵȷǻʺ㡭
϶ǻϽϹȥǰˣĵ˵ǲɵƶʲôˣ͵ظá
лЦˣҲ̫׾ӣԸһ£ƨ£
аһЦԼǵáԸ˵ġԸ
ɳ̿׼û뵽ʺǸղ׵ģһڸƽصϢȷٳٲ˻ڶ糯֪ô¡
飬׫ʺҲʲôǵá
ߵ˶ƭֱܷ𣿡
лǱʶԼ˵ȴԶһ𰸡
ܣ
ǡֳܿˣǲƭ
һֱڹ⣬Թ˽ⲻ࣬һǲܼ֤Ƕ϶˵ʲôʲôлĲɿƵػ֣̿ƭҲ̫ˡ
ϲлɫԣסĶ䡣
л˼Ȼҡһѡζϣ˺ãԲƭģһ˵ԼֱĪĿֻŸʧƽ
ƷƶϣĻһ׼ĶûУл̵ҪǸưͣϲЩ
˵˵ʵ̫˷ˡ
Ϊ˶лı˳ԸȽѺºն
ƲƲ죬ûôͱȥ˵ſڻͷһ۰ʺĻʵۣЦһ
֪ӦһμˣǷ϶ˣ֪һƣҪҲһʱɡĿ׷Զȥδٿһۡ
лͷڶ䣬ıҾǲϲô˵һߵǿײƵġ
л֪ܵǻΪۣһΪ£ֵϵλáɩ˵£нȫƾ̿ѧϰ֮Լϻ뷨ܰסᣬܲʲôص̫Ӻͻʵۡ
󵨵ز²⣬ѪͳΪڵǰ̫ӣжϵǿ̫ôŲȥӣʲôҪĶܣǰ̫ɩ϶ĸߵĴӣϴСԼڹı첻ܱȡ
ϵǻм˯öϳ·ǣʱְ̽ơҪûվ͵öȻˡ
˺ܶ࣬ҲŬнĳɾͣлİŭƾʲô˵ģ


73 
ú, Īͷлڡ
лôͷůӿ, Ϊ޷
ƽлҲɢ·˳л氧䲻, ޲ĺͿ, ô, 㾫׼ƶ𣿡
ǸԭŮӣ̲סһ, ҲôƤܲܰ
촽, ɱ޿ɱ棬ڻʲôءֻԸ±ӱôú, Ϊ˸˲ֵõˣȥ˺жĻʺ
ߵףײ˵죬, ֪޿ˡ, ƾϷ䡭
ֻ󡭡ͳ, , ϱ߳檵ļˣ˵檲ſɺã
лڶ, ̧ͷ۳ע·ȴ˵һ仰
ΪϲӦһδε, лڱһδδš
ͻȻһžע⡣Ӻŭ߳ˣлϳǰķ˿ɲĸϡ
ߵӦþǻؾõˡ
Ͽ첽ߵǰȻĸ֮УδѯǺʱģֱӱ˦˸ơ
ĶȻ˽ܡŭţһֻƵֱָָǱһλޣǰҪڴ
ܲҲҶ㣬ս۾ȴϵʹУǲûС
ʲôץסֹ֣Ķòװסϣʧؿһ۵ϵŮ̾Ϣһ
һֱҪŮ޷ס˽½̸Ļ¶ŮԼĲԸǣҲǰһҲá֪ڹû£ǵĸҲͷˡ
ʱʵ۴Ӧʹ죬˼ˣظȲظ߷ˣ˽Լ棬۰Ͱ͵س
ԽǲţǾ׿˵Ҳô¡
ɪڱصذϣסԼݵ޷ʧĸĸȻǴ죬ڣڵϹã飬ʵŲȻܳȥˡ
ǰƴأлжûţԾ
ϰлȻ·˲
ղãæǸŮ޷˻
ʹض˶٣̶ݺĵѼ빬УƾϴãԹԡ
ϳǲģоϡ
Ͼһ۾Բ˿飬ôҲǵĺӣô˵ܾͲˡϹ£Żʵۻûδǰϣ빬ڹﷸ˴Ĳط
̽˵һͨʵûʲôٲõɫһǸóؼн֤Ϻ鷳
һԲɨһרעؿл
лŶϣͷ̾ܺݵĴӣȴ뻤ӵĸ̬⡣ʲô򼸰ƾܵģ̫úŪˡ
Щʱ򣬾֪߲ʹˡʴȣ档
ܰϸ飬ֻʵ㿴ʲô˽˹ǣûںεأıʺзĵ֣һ׮׮һһԽԽأ
㶵عڵϣĻᷳķɳһͷ죬޲ܸЩͼ徲
ģŮǷĴҲĸ׹̣ܽٸһ̵ܽĻᣬֱӾʹˡ
ε̾ظ˵ɣϵȵöҪᷳˣϾܰ洦ްԹԡ
鲻˼עؽ̵ŮΪʲôƫƫ̳ĻʵϾǺͿĺӡֹһθ߹ĺлжǰǲģרŽн鷿һ˹˭ʺԻʺΪȡ
˼ȥԼ˭ҲԭΨһơ֮ѡǲҲԸ㡣
кܶĻᣬʱˣΣվʶ˲壬ƵתԼʧܣһԼƣҲʶһС
δˡ
ٿÿܿЩΡΡؽƿǰ֪롣
ϣͬҲˣ㲻߶Żϴ£ˡ
ϰٰ㲻ԸŻΪȡһϣʵڲȥ乬Ҳá
ȥ乬뻹ܻţֻǲʱʱ֪ŮֻӿһЩǡ
ûܵȵʵ۵ĻӦ
ĸײˡĸһο˵Ĵ඼ľһ㣬ֻǱûտ˵չʢ˵ĸΪ΢ˣվĸνĳԡ
̧ȥϷŵĵۺޱĽƽûҲи˴ӡɳƵɤӣٶʤڴݣƽƽĻ壬µԹҲѰһ
˵ٴߵףϲŻ㱵ؽıһеʵ̱ȾҪϣӡ
áڸһӻӦ޲λݣȥ乬ҲѸС
һ̹ȥһһƺͱ͵ǰ
㰲ȥ˰ɡ˵꣬סл۾뻹ǾòʣһҲУһźӾͻˡ
Ƕ̲ڴ˼ලлȻЪϢˡ
ǰŵڵĹԱ֮£ȫסǵ졣
ľսӦ̹ʵʴûֱѵʴȡ
ЯߵлʶʵǸԼ棬λϹȥ˵Щ¾ܲӰԼŮĻޣҲӰ;
ʣ˵һطɱԼҾ嶼ΪʵֻǶ࿼¶ԣſһ棬ٸʵأ
ڵϣ¶ģûʵΪѡ
鱯ؿͬţ̲ˣּ黫֮˼ʵǶ֮࣬Ҳ٣ΨŮ˲
лϷ߳ԼҲ͵ˣ̫ѹ뱯ˣϾദʱˡ
ϲǰж⣬ĸ׻Ѱ£лϽյǱ;һɢˡ
ǼԼӦˬҲȫԼϡ
Ѿ·ݿˣĶѾȫȻ⸲ǡǰٻŵļڣ̶̵ʱջ˼磬һ滨Ѿ˺ü֡лڻƮʯС·ϣ˵쳣ƽϲ
ʹļңա
ƣ߿˿ˡ


74 
лͳ, Զ׼ĸһ仰öϲ֪λӦðοѹһƴʵϡƽлΪĽֶĵ, ȻҲľˡ
˼ȥлǵһμ£Ͻܲˡ
ʱڻʹмȻ뵱ʱĻʺ㴦ùʱҲйµͷŰѵ, û׼ôʱĸͷϡ
ֻô, Ķ类ĥľ, лǣҲ, , Կ⣬⹬´۸, Ҳ׽ÿ˵ĽִӦעģ޵ûʲô뷨ǵӸùҪӰ졣ʹ, ǵļҡ
ָָлĶӣƶ˵˵ļҡ
лЦĶ, ʹȷʵ˵ļ, лס, Ǻ󹬵ŮʲôҲǼ빬֮ˣǶϵŮ, ¶ϲȥǡ
ˣǲļˣ
лδһͥ˸ӣǼ޸һʵ۵鷳֮, ҷͨ˼ңֶǵļ£ǶϲЩŮǣʡȥ鷳Ϊ£ЪϢлԼڻҪȴӦ£Ӳˡ
׷ӣ
лò˵ִ̧ժһȺɫʯ񻨾ǰʵÿô
лĲɵƳһۣܵһȻ͸еͷ϶ˡ
Ͻʯ񻨱л䣬ķӵͦ䡣мһ֧뿪۵Ļ䣬˼кͻʺл͵ĿɰǱݱȳϳǡ
˼ǹ࣬δ˥ֱ׵˵룬˵￩һҪ
лǰ仹ִ򣬡˵һ飿
ʲôû˵ˡƲʵ۾ȻҲа˵Ļջصһ죬档
ߣл鲻ʱ򣬻̼ϱ㲻ˣҪҲϣҾȥӣ˭㡣
̣ʵ޵Ļʺ⹬㻹ܿ˭
⹬ֻˣϰĥԺÿġ
ûҾͳȥлſŭڹôŮ˿ҳȥ۱ôˣ
˵꣬лейô붼ûǲ̹檣Ůȴֻһˡǳһļͥ󣬴СľǸֻ۰ĸһˣֳֻĸĺӣҲԾ׼ҪԼķǸʵۡ
ʵƺҲǶȫƿصģԼԼг̫ŮˡлֻҪƽܿƯŮˣҲܿС硣
ҿŮˣϼе֤ף˫۾Ҳɾء
л׷ʵѹŮ˵ʲôҲŮˣ
˼һлĵȣȶЩŮӶôģûܽе֣˵ܶԵмˡ
»һ԰ӣ޾⹬Ļݲݣ˫޲ȥʹҴ·ˣһӡûС
æеʱ䶼Ļпȥǣϵлͷϵʯ񻨣ΨһĻ䡣
⻰˵ֱ¶ǣлٿ෢죬ԾӿŲ˦Ķϲɷ̫泩һ仰
ϸ󲽸лͨĺ֪ýƽȣ΢΢
⺢ԽԽлҲԽ仯޳Ѿ˼Ҳлɢ˼ά뵽ȥˣֻʱʱ
ҹ̳ˮݵ붯лվ̺ϣɾӡü䣬ϿлĽź΢һ㣬ǸףʵоȽŲ
лԵͷȥԼȣӵסһߣ΢ҲֻܿԼ棬ͲˣļӣеͣһΪǽվվԵʡ
͵գ԰߼Ȧɢպһֱߵ˲Ż
ԭΪˮЩȽŻǺ۵ĸоۡ
лȽţȶϸˮ͹ȥţƱȽɣȣҲ
ڱ켸ȣȻȴ䶼ϰˣһ䲻һչʱ򻹵ô
ȥԼȣеƤͬѰһеӲƺˮ岻ʣлίؿŶϣɤܡ
ż¿첽ϴлϰͷϣȥϸȡ
ǴգﲻҪȼ̿ӶɱһЩģл¶Ҳ䣬ֻʱ̫þͺá
Ӧ̫ҽ˵ĸˣлԡʱ;ЩԾˮΣлȷ
˲ٹŮµ鼮֪Ҳûʲôرõİ취ҽΣǻŮӳе󣬵ȺͺˡĦлһЩϵβȥţлĽŷᰴͬʱʵ𣿡
лһ㡣
áʹлûʲôлԼҪΪ
ӽŵִȵţ¸˺üأлûôˣϻھظ
лĸ磬һֱ˰ʵֻ࣬ᣬʲô˵һֱĦδҺˣɡ
ϸһֻز֣˯ŷ⵰΢Եá
šлȶߣԽȥͷ̨һƬڰűѽϻҪ˯һҪˮҲ˺ˮ
ֹԹԵӦöϷģȻ󾲾Ŷϵļʹ۾Ҫ˯ȥ
ҹɫģȥݵݣȷӦĲ˲Ű۾ȴ١
κлȾΪ˯ˣȴлãһǺ˲ôõķ
һ㶣֪лҹ˯ʲôĻ
лǵڶŲŪһСƬš
ӵһİķȻǰΪȫµķ޹ϵˣⶼǸģΪĵҲֻ֪ദģʽ쿴ļˣԭÿŮ˶һˣָԼҪȥܻˣķǺѵõġ
ŮӣûĻˣȴԶòϵˣ˶أ
лһֱ˳죬پ֪ǳֱʶ˲֪ԼжˣҵԶƭңȻⶼǼٵģҪѹġ
꣬ûŶϻӦʵ̫Ҫͺ˯ⲻ֪⻰ѰлЩʲôһҹߡ


75 ǹ
峿, лڶȵϳ˯ţһҹκߣûʲôʶ켸, ƻûѡȻһʹѣûʶʲôʹò۾
ȻȥʹĲλ΢΢, ɻûͱϰס, ˵, ȳǲǣ޸ࡣ
ͣ¶Ȼѡϰʱ, ע⵽·, ͷҲû˯һɢУˣ
϶ʰԼ, ȻһоûСȻǻи涼ٶ𣿲ֻӰ¡
϶˶ٲŵӦлΪˡ˵һҹû˯Ҫɽʣ
лĶԽԽ, ڷӦҲأ֪أ
ɫתƻ, һлĦСȵļ, һ߶ĶƤ׵һ㶼ʵ, ˾㣡
ʲôлɣŶӻ̡
ɫ, һҹδ˯ɫͲãϱŵ͸ף⺢ӿʼ, ֮ǰǸԵģڿû׼ǸƤӡ
֪ʲôԺǸʲôˣҲҪĸȡ˵׼лӣ氲ǻ˯ŵĺӣǲ㸸ʣҪǸ㣬Ҿʹ
ϣ
˳Զ׼ԼһλȻлȡոضఴһлⲻҪϼգЩ𣿰߶Щʱհɡ
Һöˣˣ컻·׼ȥϳɡлߴţһôҲһģҪϳɵ󲻵ãȻ磬Ҳܰϵʱĥ⡣
϶˼²֣ͣ´º󣬴һͭȵˮϱܿлǰȥϴҪȥϳǰлһŽɹɹ̫
лһһ£ĿͶȥ⣬ҲҪֻۣýżԵؾ;ʹֻýϵĴ󲿷Ƶһϲվ
Сȶǳ̫ˬˣڶΣ
żϴһʰˡ֬ʲôζĶͲͣãױÿֻˮϴϴͺáҲʽ򵥣ҪЩ𹴵ͷۣһʰ֮ǰ˼Ӻݻ޸У嵭֮ɫ
ǰŶһ붹֮ǰеģǶѾԸȥʳˣŷĶͦ졣
ţɵ³ҪЩʲôҲԶ
λ࣬㱨صĴС¡⼾ҪǸֵ⣬ͬݵӣղŻкճɡǰһѩӦֻ֣Ҫũڷܸ֣һܱȥջ࣬ʱҲܳӯðհġ
λ˵һ˳֮£֮¶ǹ̩񰲣հҵ֮񣬶ϵɫȴʡѾȥһۣ鼴ᡣ
ϣбࡣ֮䡣
ϣһ˵ֱָֻ֤ȥĲֻ֣˵żȻĹؼ֤ŵư
ڳȻ֪˽ƾ֮¾һеģǸ߹سܲס˶̵ʱưѾ壬ľȻ벻һʱߴߴ鰸Ҳ˸̾ز¶ˡ
ʱ̴ֳ˰徲վԵĹԱ˵һ㷴ӦûУһľͷûȤҲͲֻмؿһͻʵۣ˰塣
ྲһԵĸ߹ʵɫãһǹ·ˣ̰
ϳֳ֮˲Ļ֮£ʵʹġϵүţΪˣպն
ضɴ𷣺ݺڳϼ£ϽȦȻѾûģһʾʷڿʵ۲ɱɱֵҲһ
֮ϵռתֱ£˿ûΪϵϲ֮Уµȫѹ֡
ϳƵطΧ˵һ£޵ڹвţ԰ڰ
ȣ¾ͼʲôˮһˣలο׼䣬ԵĲ롣
ݺݱ˱ۣ˵滰ԼӣǼȷûĹǨŭϣҲǷԼҡ˽һУһ֪ĸ׺޹أǶ䡣
ȻŮԽܣԻϵĸмѾѹסһзҵϾĸףû̺ŮҲ֮ٸǰ߸ϵĻʵأ
һлϸοֻǳͲСܴ֮ѣóϻ磡
Уֱ׳꣬Ů֮öҪǹٷ磬ۡȴж룬ȻִҪǣ׼ˡ
л¡
ߵл޲һܶüãе
һǹ٣λþ͵˶ϡ|ҩ֮¸ձʱǻڴҹµ񣬾ҽЩߣﱨŵġ
ϵ٣λáֿճλãȿƿٲϡ
ʵʵλˣͲ࣬˵׼˭ߣͲ٣ܰһӾ֪㡣û뵽֮ٵĻ˵ûʱѸӣ˹پ͸óеְһ첻ҪԴģͶǲٵĳȡ
糯ѵ˶¾һ𣬶ææµµ񣬶лյسŽ԰ɹ̫
̫ҽ˵ȳûʲô÷ΣƽʱעⱣů̫ܺһЩ߹Ѿֻʦڵر̧
١ֻ֧һӣŸֻҺ棬мкõĹӡлӣΪСűŰ̱˺ҲҪ㱻ź
ЪϢĵط뻨ԶߵļΪ١˵Ǳ۷䣬һ˺鷳ԶԶɹ̫š˵ж࿴ĺҲƯ
л̫ЩԼҲ뿴û뵽ŻʹԱߵС·Ťһˡ
ã෽Ҷ˵Ǳģ羹ȻţⱨӦ˰ɡ
ϢǼģǽڻʺ֮λΨһλ֮ˣǹ̸ûվ͵ɶ
֪ͻϲòУ뻹졣һʱתˣĸŸɮ˻ҲΪ˺ˡ
²С԰ͻҪǱ羭Ҫߵ·һþأԼùĸʹ͵ıɴƵȹʺʢȵʱ򴩣ѾȲˡⱡӴƣ͸毺εĸоĸ˿ܲĶأ
룬һ̧ͷȴԶµл


76 
лһɵȹ, ϸᱡļ㴩ϵ籣ůߵ·ϸĹâ, ҫɵ۾
Ȼˣɰװģصûȥ̫ʣװ磬лʩȥǰ, л, 檲μʺ㡣
лδ, ѵһͱһ۵·ס͸ܿɵ, ֱ, ڸǴһƬֱ¶Ǻ·ļ, ֻһĨؿסĿ̽
ǵǲ书ģһͨĹŮӴ㲻𣿡
ʵǺ档һ书ڶô, ϾĺӴĺܣʵǱһشˡ
ʵ, ɶǼʡɰϲ, л, ҪҲôʵôע⣿
л, 檲䡣ɸ˸ӣüĿЦһƬ֮ɫ
лûʲôĵ, 㵭Լתתɣ̷ɹ̫á
ɵȴм̲סŤ̷лΪԼΪչôŵҫȻлˣ
˵䣬³ĶС˵л԰ȥ鷿Ҫ·лǰվӰϤŮһʱ벻˭
СӸͨ԰˵ע⣬Ůӻ𾪲ѣСֵӲϳɡ
ڸOO@@ع䣬лֻȥһ˵̫ɹůڵСת֮ƽδüջߣһƬףæۡ
վֱ壬ͦӽţ硣
˭׼㴩ģŭΪôһƬƤۣôлϴ
粻ϲ𣿡ȥʧڳÿ˶
ȴ̷ҶĻĶǽۺ֮ˣɾϲشûʺӹϡһϾһӻңǰػϲѡ
Ͽܿߣڵһ̫߻̷ȥٹ˼Ұɣת
ƲƲ죬̫ˡ̫عѾһʱ ̷дӴĸɮΪ̫ͨ磬ҽͷȼоҪԱ߰ﵹæ
߰ˡ
ʵڲԸһͬվлǰɴԸȥĸʰ޴˿߲ȥ
ǡҧҧ´ڴűͷٿһܷģǵñ綼ֻرԵؿرܡʵȥжڴ˷ھжԹ硣
𾪵طһβֻἵлܵõһĺãǰƭƭԼֻлռ˵ջʺλã񷨴Ϊȡ˿ֶ̱лˣǱԸ⽫ϣԴǱԼ
лֻǡռ˱ˣһжǱĸԸģлҪһŪȻȻصõһС
ڵȥߵԼʲôǰŶһʱӦֱײȥŻͦۡ
ŭŶܣʲôҲײ
Ҷǰһֱƺ۷䡣˼ֵܣ
ʢŭ֮·Ӧ۷ڰзɵúúõȻײһֱ׷ɲɣȥ㣬ûܶ
ɲҿԼǰµ۷䣬۾еƤһʹСݺݵˡ
Ӷز˳鸡ŭҵضֽ̧۷ĴҶʲôȥ̫ҽ
Ҷ̫ҽԺȥɻͷп·Ŷ󣬱һˣǱ߾ĵģ˶ûС
ǰʹͶԷݿ˵Ŀ־룬ֻǱػԼ޹ȴ̫ҽΡ
ɶôԸֵö⣬ֻлûж˼Ҳ룬
޸ղʲôûϼеؽͣ˵Īо˵ֵģҲ޺Ծɣ
лڽϣ۰Ͱ͵ӦĶϣذڰЦʲô
һͬ£
ʲôлɻģ뿴Ҳʲô
û˼άʵ˻⣿
ֲǸϹģ
л˵ģϺ˵ƶһֵܷ档
ϣˣǾȻ֪ôӦװĶʲôԭɵ⣬лԼˣ
ô˵Ӱ캢ӡȰлôˣȥҲ̻ӵġ
л۲ϣʲôӰ캢ӣѵȽ̻𣿹ȻԼ⣬ֻŮˣ
л⻰ϱ㲻˵ˣ˼䳯ϳ۵£ͱſȥ
ϱϣȻ̫ɹһͻȥЪϢɹƤȥ鷿ڿҿҵˡ

лյʳɹ̫ڵĲ֢״ᣬСȵʹлһ㣬ӰճˡʱԼڹ￴飬ֱݸ裬ӽ̡̥
һڵط鼮ȴ١˫ǰץ°ڣǰͨ̫˵뿴ӣȥٹ
лšüԡӡ˵ܲϿɣĬϵԱƫʡһŮ̫ɶ𣿲Լվ˵ۡ
ŮԼģһڴ϶ûֱӽлӣ˵ӡߡģԱ𣬾޹ԱĶԺڴ̫ɲһ
Įؾܾ˵أף߲·
١ֳûѵ㣬̫ר̧˽ء
⣿л١ɫһΪѣָָ޵ľŵСţǹĴţ
١ּɬڣǰš˶٣ѽţūֱӻؾǵģ̫ʲôǵˣͲ̧ȥˡ
ôл鱾Ǿȥ̫˼Ұɡ
١ֶסˣɼ̫ǷǼˣӲŲȥ̫û׼οһԼȥء
ϵĵط̫̤ڴ˶ŤҲøϳߣ̫Ҫ鷳
ȥױǵȵȰɡлױǰ£ôɢͷϲͷ̫ȻۣͷƤʹ̫ҪׯЩñ
Щȥأٸ̫һá
ȴ꣬ѾӣлŴ١֣ûʲô߰ɡ


77 ҩ
ŷ֨, лճ̧ŽõĲ̹˼ʺĵһµȾ˻ʺеʲôȥٹǿû̫󽻲
лǿ, ǰɿ첻٣֪̫עҪˣ㲻Ϳܸɵʲô
лһٹֱ˿ɲֹһ, 󹬼˼ȫ, ̫֮, ռݰӡ
Ȼ˲࣬λݸߵɢɢؼҲвˡǻЦ̫ʲô, лû, עȫ̫෽ɮס
ʺ벻עⶼУ̫󲻴Ӵɮˣ
л֮, ֻܿɮʹӦǳ
̫ȻӲ㣬ȫɱϾ̫, ǲ̫ġ
̫󿴼ˣæ, ˰ҵӡ
лššü, Զ̫ԺӵĽз, أлҲô̫󴦣αطȥһ̵أ
л̫Ŀλ, һֵĳ㰲
˵ԵȻ⿪ڡ
лǳЦſ̫, ĸλǡ
תɮ˵ϡ
̫ϲЦտ۽üҵȫһ𣬵л̫ɫȷʵ˲٣ϵƤйˡ
λԴݴʦ̫ţҽҵġ
лӦƽƽӦЩ֮ǰ߹̫ҲˣӦʲô⣬СΪϺá
̫£Դݴʦʦɻ棬ʺŮԵΣ
лӵսֻά񵭵ɫǳԴݴʦӣ̽
Ƭ̺ԴݴʦŻҰ׵ĺӿ϶ʺＪ࣬ŮԵպضϥ
˵̫̫꣬೤ɾ֮֡
лָ΢Ķӡ̫ŷ𷨣ּ˶ԸģҲ⣬лʦ
̫Ц˻̹ԴݴʦһĹҵĽ
ԴݴʦЦǮ˻һš̫лĶӣɵʵûг԰̥ҩ̫ҽ˵ʵ۲ҩǲǣ
лȷʵûԹ̥ҩҩֶܲԾͲԸԣĸ󣬲ǻţ̫ҽ˵ܾͱԡ
ôУ̫ϵּеļӣҵշҩûϹӶô˾ȻһҲûԹ
л˵̫͵Ĭˣɵøʵʲôóҩôʡأ
лԸֶ̣̫ʲôأϾɵľԼϲһã˵ֲһ̫ҽԼ˵Ĳ׼ġ
⻰ɲ˵лֻĸĪպ󿴿̫ҽ˵ɡ
̫̾Ҳڹʲô˾ͻ
˵ȻʲôʦûܸŮӷõĵҩ̥ܰģ
ԴݴʦƼºӣƶɮ롣
лϵĸ󣬱ΪѴʦ˰ɡô̫ҽѾϱõˣʦרΪסģϱô鷳ʦ
УԴݴʦһԴеķ϶ƶɮ֪һӣ˷øڲǰʮܵӡ
ֱ̫лиżǴʦʺá
ԴݴʦŪӵͣǰ¶ɫһʱ˿ڣ̫ߴ֮²Ϊѵ˵ƶɮϲֳɵҩ뿪¯ſɡ
л鷳㲻ͷʦˣ̫ҽľͺá
ֻ̫ģⵤҩôʦڹ𣿡
Դݶһ̫¶ŵֻҩҩļΪ󣬼۸񲻷ư
һΪأ̫ǺЦţǮ𣿰Ҳ˸ʦԭҩ
ɣԴܾͬһҩĵƷҲͬƶɮԿܾ
ãֱӸʦӣʦܳȥ򡣡̫ˬ첻ѣʱӦ
ƶɮһԡԴݳصӦ£Ǹ̫һ֤
̫ʱģȰĿ⿴лʺΣ
лĸ񰮣лʦлصлȴƽζʦĲҡײƭ
̫ɫȷʵȳǰ̫࣬عⷵһ㡣
лһʱò׼ע⣬ºˡ
̫ɨлĶӣͻȻ뵽һ⣬Դݴʦŵ֤ʵʦ˵Ҫʮҩǻʺû¾Ҫˣü𣿡
ɱӡ
Դݴʦһǰһֻƽŷ֣ɵ̫֤ʱüĵģֻҪǰҩȫ¼ɣ»ǸŮҲܱɶӡ
лδЩ̫ѧˣ
̫ذϲõɨл䵽󷽵ϡȻһֶŮ͸ɵ˻ʵλݣλݸߵͲҪһ仰¡
ɳסͲȵģһʵλݵ£Ҳʵû̧
ܸлиӣǲź˵ϧɵֶŮŻԹֳȢǸûôЩ
лȻ̫˼·ԴݴʦķӣΪδδ乫֮أǷˣΪôӵ˼ҶҪķӣΪαδ˵˼ùֵҩأ
̫õصлһۣƣǴʦķӣʲô˶õ𣿡
л޹ֵʵˣһѧ̵ӣҽƽȣǼȻܸãȻҲܸͨá
̫ȻлȻԴʦ񣬵Ҳʦ˵˵һһ·ڶŮϸλ˶û˵ҩҲЩ֡㴫빬ĳɱߣЩҴŮ˶Ըһǧӡ
ԴݴʦͰЦЦлͱʶģз˵ȣػʺҵȻǽԵƶɮԵԸԣһԸ˰ɡ
һ˵ɲˣ̫ϽȰţʦĪҪһʶҪͷˡ
лۿ̫׵ؾҲٶ˵ˡ;ǹִúܣ׽֮˵Ļã֪ʦĻǺܰŷΪ
쳤ϣԴݴʦԾˡ̫ôھôȥɡ
ʵضѹµȣôʱ䣬Щˣĸ󣬶ϱЩƣͷΣعЪϢˣֻ¡
Ӵ̫һ֣ðҴӴ´̴㣬ζ񣬵ƽľƣ͡
ַ̫Ը̹ȥ̴ȡ˶зݡ
Gūȥ̴̹żλŮһͬȥȡ㣬϶һ̣ѬһСɾµ¯
лӲЩĸԼðɣϱòϡ
͸ţ̫ббһл˶УʺûУȥǰҿϱ
лǱлĸˡ
ٹĹŮ̴¯лǰȻûеȼŵȻǺŨصľ㣬סҶš


78 
ҹ, лذʱл˵̫֮£ܾǸɮ˲̫Ծ, ̫ˡ
ϲô̫Σŷ棬͸翵ĶҲ֮, Լž, 㡣
šлһȸ, ұͲôţڸˡ
̴̫ҽ, ̫֮ʲôֽš
ѾˣлЦ, ԴӶѹСĽ̫ҽĲ, ԼͶ˸ۣ˵һ̫ҽˣûʲô⡣
Ǳ, Ҳãȼ㡣ϸϸ, л, к, Լ·Ѭ㣬ﲻԸͺӡ
İɡлսϵ, 㣿
ϣò
װû޸ͺӶ飡
лʧС, º󻹲֣ȥʵúܣ
ỺĶȻֹסлϸסͷĻ𣬰˵̰Źްɣ
룡лͣסϻ꣬ҿģ˵ҲǲУǸ̫ҽ̫̫Сˡ
̧ˮģǲ̫ҽĺòá
ãϺģֻܾС
ϴ󾢲Űлϰƽڴϡ
лܾ̫ݣŭڵģ
ϰһЩȰţúЪϢ㡣
лŭѹĻһҶ飬Ҫ׽Щ
ãлԣ
лһߣҺˣ㻹Ҳߢ
ϣΪʲôô
飡ֻʥлӣ
պ̫̹һµСƿװżںɫҩ裬Դݴʦνĵҩƿɢ嵭ҩ㣬ҩԲ״СͳһŻеŵ
лֻ򿪿һۣʱֳɽС·ϼЩʱͰ͵ظƿӣôҲԣС
벻ĵҩȻվˣ̹Цʦ˵ԭѵ𣿱ΪմղءҴ˵ʲôɵʮ߾žŰʮһ죬Ϊβմʦˣ
̹СϴŷԵһ˦ĵؽ֪ⶼ̫˼ĳϰ
˵Ĳ٣Դݴʦ˵ҩʮգһδʮҩԭϲǰƳԴݴʦҪ򡣵ԭҩ۸񰺹̫ЩЩҲ˵Ǿóôӣ˴ʦ
лЦʣʦ˵˵̫ĳ飿
԰̫ϻˣ̹Դݴʦ̫ĳϵķϣһԣָ̫ڷǰоգĵҩá
´β̫鷳лԴݴʦΪɣ̫˹Ǳĩá
̹֪νӻʺǲϲҩΪѵؿ򴺽еĴƿҩЧٿԺҪҪã
ԣ̫ȥɡлš
ⵤҩˮͷܿģūſ˲ܻȥ̹ǲߣǲߣûȥ̫󽻲
ų˵ĵģθڲãθжûšлɨ̹ǼˮȥĴҩ³ǿɰϹôõĵҩ
⻰ò̹֪ǺãҲյȻʺθںߡ
лҩƿμ£ֻ̫Ǽҩ𣿱Ъãǵġ
GǧҪǵðʱð̹ٴǿһ飬Źˡ̫ǰ˵ʺѾȥʡñ̫һͨ
Ȳ̹һߣлҩƿǰڿһƬҩȥ
һԿţ۵úܣⵤҩܹģ
л̫Ǯʲôϵ
һʱ޷
лֽ滹оŷҩ̫ùǮԼ취ȥɡ
лһĲֵƫƫ̫Ǹ˵ͨľҪԼǮûฮҲУеˣ̵Ůȥɡ
鷿ӣ˲Żصлڰ䳤ˣĺɫӹʱѾŵʱ䣬лѾùһЩŶӲŵȵ
պǲرæлĵʡ
áһлšæ˸߽һϸɴԺޡ
лûôĻעɫ̫ãʲô𣿡
϶˶٣˼Ÿôл־òЩ鷳ҿЩŰɡ
㶼û˵𣿡лط¿ӣʶУж
ǵġϷ˵𣬡ǰ˸̵ӡ
ŶлˣЩ𣿡
Ѫ㣬Ϊ֮һ·˴նϵҲʯͷ
üͷ̣ȥලֻǰ˸ڱնǰһ仰
ʲôл׷ʣ˰ɣʲôöΪѵԸ
˵ϳ֮ʱպ͵Ĵ񡣡
ʲôлѣλйѣٿ
ʱ֮ȷʵסµĿ̲ǰ׷Ļ⣬ɰ˸ͻȻưƵٲ˵һ֡ҲΣ˸ǹģŪʱ䣬ʢŭ֮ùּ̡
˶ˣҲˡлȰţϼмˣţ϶ˡ
ܾﲻ̤ʵϺһʵҲûףǱȷŷźˣлš
Ȼջ˵һ£˵лճֳޣڼС㻳ˣܳ㣬ްŸһ
Сɩˣ
лǸɰεСԼҴǸ壬롣
Ҳ̫ļˣ˼ҹﻹôСڸúö겻
Ȼ˺ҲԵ֣лҲֳˣǱ㹧ϲֳɩˡ
˵ָ꣬΢ʲôȻɫٿһ䡣
Ͻŵؿл۾ʲôأ
лۺصһ۶ϣȻе֮⣬ϼԼˣ
ȵлڽ˵㿴Ҵײ꣬СɩӾˣҳһ֮С
ͷǿҵĹԤУֱò˶סл졣
лƲƲ죬˵̫ˣа
̣ϰ߸Ѹ٣Բһлˣʶ޺ܿ죡죡


79 
л㶵ؿһ, ҲӦʲôԣһʱԣл͵Ť, ǽЦļ米һһģǿҵЦڶ϶ߣѪӿ, ɵࡣ
޲Ǹ˼, ΪԼ档
лЦ˵, ༸ºʵʲô˼Ҵˣ
˵齫ƴ, , ˯ɣ
лǰ˲һƬ˹Ȼˣ
϶, ʵ˭Щģ
Ͽġл˵Ȼ󻺻۾˯ȥ
ڶĻȫˣɼЩɵۡ
أ۶, ʵ
١ִ˵Щ۾, ̫һǺþ, ۾ҲϢ, Ͳȫˡ
ڻʺȥɢʱ̧һۣΪǻʵҪ鷿칫, ϸһŷЩϾɵۣѾĹɰĺɫøһЩ
١ּ˵˵·Щǰ, ͵Ȥˡ
ô뵽ģлʵ𾪣ҲǶܸɳģ
վǰһմ˰Щ۵Ķȫͻȥͷһӷϼʧǰľ£ҲãȷʵȻ塣

һתʢİ˾·ݣʱʱ̿ȳʪһ޴л˯䱻ԣ鷳겻ѣʶܵĲӾȻմһֺŴͷƤЩǷʪˡ
ӷƣ룬ϢȣԽԽ겻˵ºͣһˮ
òһĺˡ
ȵˮͽл⿪ȹӲŷԭҲʪһƬǳɫϱɫǺۼƽѹ״
лϴʱ򣬴ϵĵȫЩﶼó֪жѰˡ
һͨСŮӶԵúܣ΢¾һеŮӸȣɲ
лѾܾðձŲֻɢ̤֮ɫɶųߣҲ̫áӶ࣬ǱҧҲͿҩʱ̴Сš
ȥеģĳӡǲѣлֵ
ӣлӼԼЩĲӣ˯ʱƤźһȷʵпܳӣͷȣͷϳӸѸ㡣
ٶżɡлԸţֻܿűˡ
ϴǰãҲ裬Ҳܱ
ūȥµĵӣȥȡ
лӣһ״ɣ˿ᱡȹ·˺ܱӣǺصķʱȲˣɼɢȼõĲ˿Ҳ͸մϵһá
Ｘͭеıȫˮлֽ룬ˮһ㶼մľˮ磬̾ĵҲ̫ˡ
ܿŮȡڷڸ䣬ֻǷŵлԶڱ߽߱ǽǵλá
л̰ŵǰôԶһ㶼о
Ȱţⶫʪ䣬Ҳáū澸ȣ;ˡ
Ҳãлȥ궬ѩ࣬ؽд²ٱݳ޵ضȹա
̫ҽճлʱлûʺ취
̫ҽ˰βŵÿһջ轵𣬻ܺһЩ
ջ裿Ǹע⡣
в÷ҲһЩ̫ҽȻЩȱÿ죬ƽľôߡ
νľȻĵлףʡˡ
ʱл߿ۣһھջһ÷ػźȡ
Цʣʲôȷ
лɤЩԹζȻ÷ȶθᣬջȶࡣ
Ŵǣлļ˵ˡٵһºӾ͸óʱɺú
л̾ڸҲֻܵС˵ˡ
ͷһתȲл²ϵ¸ˣķ
Щпʲô𣿡ŹһЩ£лעɢʱÿһЩ콥
պ󣬶鷿Сͨ
²ҪޡԲ͵ɨһСӣƽͦģôʱûɫ
żסˣʼлҺۣлһС¼¼ƥó¡
ƥսҲȻϲ²о̣ƥҲʱʱټƥⶼġִΪлָʹ͵͵Ѳطû׾á
һүǣżڲϼ¼Ѿˣ׼ȷļ¼ȷʵԲϣץסİѱ
лγ˿ֻԺעЩ
¿ɴСƫҪ˵Ū⼸ճ÷Ҳѡǿż˲˳۵ʱǰʲô
ϣ˵ͣӲʣΪ衣Сӽ͵ǿɵĲ衣
ʺܲס𣿿ɵĲסʲôܸʺõģԺҲʺЩ衣
ˣȻɹƾҸΪлҲԣ
ɽմŸɫ뵭ɫȹС˺ü꣬͸ഺһո鱦϶װ磬Ϊֻ췢׼ˡ
񣬡檼ϡ
šֻʱƤһɨֻרעе۰񶼲ָƽѲ°ɡ
粻ȳ⳼պ󳣳͡ɽߵص˵ţɫ˵۾͵͵Ƴ
ŵһˬƢĲ㣬ȵˮȴ˾ˬʣɢеȡǣȫǵɫĲˮһƬҶûУסʲô˹ģŻظӣʵ㶼ʲôʲô߰Ķˮȡ
ԩɳƬ̣ƾΪѣǼĸѰ檴װڲҲ֪ʲôŲò㣬רݺ˸羹Ȼɳ檣
㽫̫ҽ֪涼ʲôԺ̫ҽݣԼһˡϽյԶڶ˵
Ǳɷȥ檹̽ʵΪ׼ģ̫ҽȥ檲ġ
ɡܾԸˣ軹˻ȥ
ܾ˳ףɵݺݳһ£ίǰȥ檹￴ҲĸѾһû檹ˣĲ֪ôĸ͡
ɨһɣвޣɽʵ̫󡣡
Ҹ̫˵ʵʵ޹ֻ˵𣿶ҹĸֻ֪ã϶ٸŮ빬
ǵı磡ţ͸һ˱ɣ檸ġΪ檰Ѳ̫ҽɸʺҲá
ɴʺղʣŽڳ۰Ͱ͵ŻӦڱûзʺܸаɡ
ãֻһΡһӣ߹ɳ鷿
ɰβŷӦæϡ


80 ҩ
ϲӴ, ǰȺ洩žӵɣֻӦ¡
ɹ˲ù˿񣬼ææ, ȵȡ
Ϻᡣ
׷Ҹϵһ·һ·ڣϻһͻȻסŽϵظؿ˵ţļ𣿡
ʧԳһЦ, , ¹·ô߶ǵô
ȷʵѾܾû߹·, ʧȥԾշߵıܣɾˡ
û, ˳ұߵС·, ȥ¹ķ
ûȵشҲʲôں, ȥԾ͹ˡ
¹ſڣɨĹˣȫ¡
ȵֻʣɶʱϵĹ˶֪, ĸɸ˻ȥٹŰɣʱϷȫˡȥȡ, ˾ߡ
ɳ, ˵, ҲżȻ, ھȻһССżԸԹйţڱĿоȻһĲֵ, ĳⶼǳ
ֻؿɣûгԣγһĬϣǺݺݵشϡ
֪ˡƽ˵ţתΪѵ˵ɱ绹ǽһȽϺãЩŮϸģû˽ĺۼܿģóΪѡ
ùĲ豭Ρ߹µӡЩܱĸĹŮע⵽ĻԸеĺۼ٣ɲұ֤Ůֻֻһǹô
ޱȿؿɣ˰βһá֡
һֻ̤¹żǼᵽһ˿ľ㣬ŨӦѾȼһˡ
ⶫ裬·մȾζлǰ
ôˣɲʵ۽ԣӦѵܷڲɣ
һסڱǣһָָϷŵͭ¯Ǹ
Ŷ粻ϲζ𣿡ɴӶƹȥˮ¯еȼѬ㣬ǹĸѬ㣬ʺҲУ檻Ϊϲ
ϵζɢȥһЩŸŽȥл̫ҽ֪û⣬СΪϡ
İһˮڵˮӳĺһðɢȥ֪Ʈĳȴӡ
ѬζأڸŲ㡣Ѭɢȥϲŵ鷿ŵǱζһӦþǸú͹ȥġ
ɸ˸ӣԵƬ̣ȥȡ
šϵͷȴûصز⹬κһֻ۾⿴
ɵöȱλ˺ܶ࣬ǴұøպùðˣҲ㲻ÿЩµİڼ϶벻ǰ¹Ǹʲôӡ
أţ֪ʱЩˣɻûʧ
ڵȵ˫һӳ߽޷ϣЩҪĻȫ߰ɡ
أ̫ҽһĳɣЩԼðɡģܰ˼Һô̫ҽˣһЩ鱦κˡ
ɾĬŲ˵ϱԼò׼뿪ֵ磬ôȥùĸ˻ɵģٶһɡ
ɵĶϲþܾ˺ҪջزӾվš
˾ĬԣʱһһιúŲ˵ףԺޱ磬޴Ӳı硣
ڰ£صֻҪǹĸĺӣǳ檵ı硣
ıͲˡǿšһʼҪǰ̫ӣǸΪˡ
ʱҲǰ̫߼Ůʱɣʱһҩʱʱ̿סǰ̫Ӳɣǰ̫Ӻ̫Ľǵá
һֱôؽǰ̫һк޽٣ޱ˳תƵ꣬α޾һЩ飿⹬ֻҪʵʵؼ޲Ͽ㡣ɰȶȹͷǵò޲𣿡
ûϵ˲ôֱ׵ĻҲѡֻӵĻӦĵģľȻƽٱ󳳴ֵ˲١
δйı仯Ȼ˼һԼԼͨ˹ؼΪҪģ޹ر˭簮ҡ
ϿɴãȻɫȴ˵ȥ
ҪĲİ˭˵Ů֮ҪаУ֪Ҫʲôˡ߽ϣǰߵľ󻹼߽öϲʣšü󳷣ͼԶһЩ
ɿ첽ƽǰ˵Ҫģֻܸ˳檣Ժ檱֤ʺ
ҪʲôԲܸĶ޹˼ɣ˦ҪߣȴѪӿǲѰ鶯
Ȼ򣬿ǸðˮĲҧ㵨Ӵˣޣ
ɵóһЦ̧ȥϵڣ̫߿ˣԼ⵨ӣ취
ѬԻϨѬʹɾ裬ȻǺ裬ϷӦ̫ɷѿģ
㲻鳱ӿʹ־Լݺƿɵ֣ʵʵȴҲ˲١
׷ˡǳǳһЦҩܵģŮˣ쾭壬αںʺ뷨أ
㵱Ȼ̧ɨϵĲյ̵ĲˮƬĽɱƵƿֻݵλ˵ģȻ֪޵ļΪΡ
ҲãŻ˦ɣֱ뿪¹лŮ˺ȵĲ裬ǲͶҽˮ
лڷ¹С١̫ͨŷ̲ĸ˽ɡ
յĶգںȲȱ㲻һˣ̫Ҳ֪
ǰƿһĸӣȻ͹ӳһˮϣһŵζ;òķθǿŴ˰ɡ
١̳£һ´β̫͵ĳʳ˵ʺǰ
١ָһȥͼͻȻˣֻЩԾæ񣬶ʱ˶£һ
лⲽ̫ȲܳȥɢǶڷ߼ҲһģȻűƿһ˲㼱ʲô
ϻ˻ӣͬʱ滺ŵл߽˫۽лǰ
лɻѣ˯
ҲǲУǶôͻȻ˯ţ
ϽǣлžĺЩ쳣еǲʱ·ͻȻˣһ죬Ǹǲܡ
·ݴˣĲܣѾܽʱ䣬㿴Ҿ˵ڵģ˰ɣ
ֻ㣡ᱧסлһһȥıŵϵζƽϢȥһ㣬ûһǸǿҵ͡


81 
лϵĺԽ, ȥͷôˣעЩ
컯յģһ̷Ĺ˶û, ֪ǶϷԸʲôлɵƤ̣һ̷ˡ
ϲ̧ͷлĴ, סੲݵıԹ米Ȧŵ, С
л㲻, ¼ֻܽ󳷣˶ϡ⹷˵ֻ, ô, Ȼ˵Ļţ
һĴݽں󣬶ͷðһ㱡, лҲòȥȥУϺɿлһ
ȻͷҲص˦߳ţһڴ, к컹㶵ؿԶȥ
˾ͱˣлŶϵıӰ⹷˾Ȼǿò, Ȼƨ˵
֪Ҳ⹷˾ȻлԽԽ, ò鳱˵ɢɢ, һʣ
Ͼֱ߳ţȥһƧƫù̧Щˮԡ١ּ̲ȥ, ̽ѯʣϣū澿ɷȥ
ȥɡѹס쳣ɤЩԾ, ١һ֪¶û
Ҫˣ޸Ҳô÷浣Ļʵ
Ϲ˲οȫ¶Ƿֹʺ͵鶯һͰͰ̧ˮŶãˮӼ
١ֻǵһӱģ棬ۻʵۡҲ֪ôˣһֱƵúܺãĪǡ
˵һԡͰССİɫӯظˮϣһ㻯Сöг٣ȥ̷
ϵ˶˳ȥŽ⿪ˮСգ̹ǵˮӴƤҲ˴飬ľؼֱ޷˵ġ
ˮֱȫˮвžûôܡ彥侲ڳһɢĥûҵʶʼָͰչ塣
̫̫ˣõüʱ̫ľżżҲֵóʢ˥
лҲڴ˺һȥϵУĵطմȾ˻磬þòˣȻԹ𣬿ȻķӦҲƽϢ
ʱ١ֽľǻʺڴ΢΢ſɢ˿ҵģ
ɲŻҪ١Ȱš
лߵȻʲô
ò겻ɶˣҲöʼϿлеķӣôоô᲻֪أǹģ
ûӴʲôĶ١ֹ˵лˡл峺޹һƬ١ֺݺһԼĴȡ
ʺ˵Ҵʲô⹬ﱾûΣ̹̹Ľų֪һЩֵҩҲ
١Լؽ˴|ҩֶлô¡ⶫֻڻ￴ϾȻǱҩ
л⽹ģ̫ҽȥ
ƫݱˮأ١ִ
лһ˲֮ЦҲù˳ˣݱˮ
ʲôݻ
ȡǸ̫ҽҪ̫ҽлüĿ࣬εĻȴ̹Ȼ棬һ˼Ϊ롣
Ͼ¹ԺҸ˵ĸأ
Gūȥ١£ſתȥ
лվڴ¾ǰȹͷ˭еӺͱ¸ҩλӦûˡеһ´ǡ
ϻʱлѾǰ裬һֻɨһɫԷ׵
ˮġ
л䵭˼ǡʲôԼϿ콻
˵ڣȥɹл룬˴|ҩ˵ûʲô
£;ϴˡ
Իᴦ˼롣˵ǲл˲Ż
ոл̫ҽϾԼлǰûʲôˡ̫ҽһʲôˣֹΪѵ̫ԣֱ̫ҽţֵù˾֪
԰;̫ˣл²豭죬Դݴʦֳ
üŭ˵˻ԼͣҲŲҪȡ
ǰлļ򰲸ǲģɮ޿Ҳף̫ԸŷǾֻܺԼɡ
ţҾ˵Ѿȡ֣͵ȺӳˡлǳǳһЦ̫ˣ
Ŷǲڸȡˡϻصʼĥѡʲôüǵ֡
лҲ뱦иԼ֣ЦüΪģţ˵Сӵ֣ġ
ţкͽҶŮͽлˡ
лõЦݻס㡭ȷô˲Σ
ӿؿߣŶˣϾԼҲɼڸȡܣǲǲҪˣ
˵ȥסлĴŲѡӻģᡣ
лֱָֽ̧ͷȡôܣ㵫鶼˵֣
Ͻ͵˵
ѡҶѾˣ·һЩׯʱЩ˽кӹʣʲôģĿŶˡ
һлĽ֮лǲ̫⣬Ҫǽܸҵ
ϣ˵ʲôã
лһʱҲ벻ʲôرģ˼ҶôȡģҲǰ˵𣿡
šҲвõ˼ң˵ոһЩвٳӼж⣬ϾѧʿҵССͷյõŮС࡭
˼ҿ㣡лƳһ۶ϣǺԺְĻ̶ȾǱߣ˼
ˣؾϲַǶӾͽСҶӣŮС
лҲУ
ٱҶ˳˲٣ϵĻˮƽԵ
ʵ϶ô࣬ΪʲôȡһҪûҶСϵҲ
ΪϣһССݰɳССһѿҲģûչһЩĿɿӡлͷݼᶨƣСЩ̫ˣ̫
˵ţ̫õĺӻӣɶѡԻΪлЦһɣ
ϲţǸݹ۲Сӵóľ顣²һ׼ٲ
ðɣǾġлö˵ĻԢ⻹ͻȻ֮ҲûôˡԺСһǸֵСˣڴĳˡ
лһл˵ʱãʱһЩǵĸоöʱȥ̫¶ɲƽ׺ˡ
̫ٹ飬ãؾġвһſŷ飬дųȥڤڤ֮ƺƶȥʵһС
ŸƤǳǳϣֶŮǱһ˳
һϣǼɲһξУҲ㿪˸ͷ˯һŮһΣͻ˯ڶεΡȻҲĳʱʢŮˣųŮӡϵȻʵ׶ӣѪȻʲôͬ
̫Ȼʣһɶ޺˲Ǹӣ
вԾָľʵķϣ״ļӡɰۻˣæŲȡ
Բ͵Ĺ󣬹⻬ı˳ˣһӡǿͷһ㣬ĨȥһȻǸ˲ܱʱĥĺԹ
ܽȻһѪѿбǿҵ˷ܸиǰδеĻ䣬һ¹ʱ治̡
̹ܶ촽е̫鲻̫ǵ۽üҺ´ĴôЦģٳٲҿڣ̫ȵòͷɹʱʵȷʵ¹һʱ䣬Ǵ˿Ѿ˺ܾˡ
ţ̫ţǳ˻ûɣ
ǲ䣬ɴܽǿԣǸԼׯŵ̫ͷõԤУƾǡ
ĸ̫ǰһί裬һпԵģ̷Ĺˣ̫
̫׹˶ȥȲ̹ȥĵعϵţɲӿٲһ㻩¿ˮ˵ĻһֲظţڼԼĲŭͲֱԼˣУڱеж಻ܿ
̫עֻڶϾܾɱϣԳ̫Ѿȥꡣ̫żֳζĺˣû˸ǰ£Ҳȥ룬óڹȥ¶¸ΪҪ֮¡
֪һֱĸףϾĸѪԵ裬һʼҲûָܰԼĸһֻҪܹһ㣬һа˵ȥСɶԽǳԽָʾʱǸŷɵĹϵǴδҵĸ󣡡
ĸĸ󣬵ĸĸ
߿̫꣬Ļһã
̫ŵҲЩʶģ鷿ԶŰٺϻҾ͸öģֻԼ
䵭ĳֻβǶԶϣǶԱлԼ
ƾʲôأ
ݣõʦԶǰĳԴö
ĶѵǸƽֻԹ԰Ů˶
ΪʲôͲһЩ
̫˼һ㱣벻ͨڹŴ뱲ӣŮӵ˶ΪûܽϽ̳һ֪ͼˡ
һУ뷨ܵػر
ĸѾ빬һཫ꣬ùֶ뽫ߣĴҲ⣬ԽԽò׼̬ȣĸҪҼһ𣿡
ã֮ɫΪҪһֱ׷һʵűңΪʲô֣һġж
Ȼ̫ݺݵغǳ⣬ɫɡһ˿˿˼붯ҡǱѡ̫Ӻӵģ಻㣬ɻĸܻš
գ۾ỬǡǹĸͳŵңĶϱŮˡĶӻˣӦҵȴĸҲû
ϴӦ̫󣬼ԭǱôЩһûǩֻѺЧ־ݡȻĸԼѾ޷ŵֻڱԼȥɼܵ
ȡ°ˣһҪסļ̫ɳԤϵĻ㲻Щģ˵ʲôҵľͺãԼҪȥĥ
̫ŭţָɵԴԺ׼ԼϹĥЩ£ʲô
ɱ޷ӦһľͷڵϣãֶŮٶ룬ĸǽɡ
̫һҩûܳɣʵ۾ǶûоԼܣܳȥҲҪѣֻܡɱϲ˵ģ
취ǱѶ̫࣬ŵ˵˵л|Ƥ||ߵĸ֣´λϸʺһݣҲŻʵۻֿܵסɵΣлģԱȣʱעߣʺơ
ڻʺĺӡָ̫㣬Ǻӳ˲źôôСĺ㷢ʲôⶼزۣĸ׶öֵʱĥĸʺʹӣƽ׸˵ݰѱ
ǹĸȥ׼ɣֶŮİš񣬷Ӧټƽ
˷𣿱ȲôǰĸѾʱģҲں޲µŬ򣬶˿֮һͷһƽӹ
ͻȻĽ˵׶ĿΪԼ޸ɾɶµĺӣͺضȹһԼĿڹĸͼ־ΪΣԼܹܲúòҪֻҪĿĴɼɡ
Թĸÿһû֮ܳĵһ¶ǰοԹž벹ȴʩ
û뵽̫Ȼ̧öǰ鷢úӣô᲻㡣
ҲûжҡĿһҡǰͶʲôأסԼĺҲѹסȻʵĺ󹬡ɼıãֻҪģܡ
ʾְشһУȥĳƫŮˣƫƫȻǸģ̧˺ü۵ŮŸɣͬЩŮ˵Ķи̫ѪȻʵĺͿֱԼɷŽ֣ʱĴжѣ͸˱ǻ༸ѪȥȹԼĵλȥշԼҡ
ͬԼҾᣬ໥Ųߵաԣǲ֧ļ塣һ˻֮żҶ۵СӣôʱһӣҪ֧Ų׳
ٻأ
վһҪȥܵظǰ;ĵʹΪӪȥıһУ֮Ҳܳʢ˥УʱȻҲܳЦһҲɣеһжҪ˵ɫ²С
⼸̫ŵִɵĻɣŬ˵Ҳ˵Լֻ̫ˣܶ鿴סֻҵģҲʣһẦ㲻ɣ
ɶҡƺ̵̫ļ仰ֻҲû׼һļᶨˣֶŮġ
ȥȰҵϢɡ̫Цɵļ
ɸˣ߻¹·ϣ˼ױ͹ĸĸǶԵģǰӲԼЩ飬ǹĸװ׵ظյֲͬѡ񣬸úȥδʹʼԼ˼һͷͲôͣˡ
뿪һ֮󣬲̷̹ˮ̫ؿҼΪܵģæеĲյǰ̫˳ôˣ
ȥ̫ҽ̹湬Ůȴ̫קͷ
̫ڰ־ܾӻһƿ̹ˣæ̫򿪣һҩ̫ͷȥ
ȥⵤҩ̫һʱûȻֹһ˳Ϣ֮ţǰ̫ҽȵϴʦҼȻѾڷôʦĵҩ㲻˿ҩʦ֪ϲ
ūſǲܡ̹ͷūȥʦɺá
š̫ӦҩƿջػС
̹ȥԴݴʦ̫ĵȺ򡣴ʦϱݹʮ꣬ЦӭӴʦ
Դݴʦæӭȥеؼ˵ƶɮƵҩ̹ͻȻƶɮ߲һ̫ʣƶɮԥֱӸɱƶɮǼ¯ӵҩҪĶ࣡
⻰̫ö˾ݣΨԴݴʦʵؿʦǣǰ֮
ҲңԴݴʦǫѷˡ
һЦ̫ϵԴݴʦͰЦ֯һôϵĶС
ϴԶͿ̹ٹţڰţһ߽ⲻ롣̫ɮʲô˵飿
ɤӣ̹תɴ۾̹񡣸ڶСӸ߳һٹ֪ˣڵ̫Ҳˡ
Դݴʦ֮̽һͲ㣬ҶǰضΪ֮¡Ϊ˼ضԴݴʦǸļһ㣬ôʦЦˡ
Դݴʦ۾ЦΪ˶ãǾڲԺҲġ
ǶʲôҲʹʦ֪롣̫õһ㸧ο˵Եÿ̱Դݴʦһ޵Ĵ͵Ȼ
ϽŶ̸ģɫԽá
Դǰ񣬱ƽ֮󵭵ƶɮˡ
һƬռ䶼ĸӡ
ҿѵã̫Цʲô㴵ġ
̫ȦӴֱ̫̫һ˿װɵ㶵أ棬ĸ󣬶ɶһ̬ȣֻҪǰڹӣǾͲ˶ǣĸس˼ٲǻ
漱תֱ£̰ᣬҲʲôȡõġ
㡭밧˵ģָ̫Ŷϵݳһ̲ܽĺӵģҺཫ󣬾Ϊôң
̫ӱǼغ߳һİǡ
ģδǣԶԸ곤ٰϵ޾ػظ̫󣬡ɶ֪ʲôʲôܡȡԽ֡
Խ磿̫ĺӾȻҷǸȥĸףйܹʲôй̹ܽԼĺӣڹﴦޣЩŮĸŮˣǳĻӾоŸ֮࣬㿴ڻŵĻʣ˭ֻǸƵ
⻹ûЩûĺӣϣҲ֪һСĺڹжѡǰҽ̵£ƾëĸܻ֮졣Ҳֻĸ󣬻Ķˡ
̫˵ԼңȻʱڳ۶ǰҵֳΪģż˳͸ʢ˥󲻹һ㣬ȴԸͷԹҡ֪˰ҡ
˵һ벻֪˵ʲôҲ˵ȥԼЩĸ;вʣϵǻżҵĵλһǧɣҲ޷̫
żҷӻǲȨʱ䳤ˣЩ˭ģϷʵʢȴ綬պһ̫ͷ
żһʼȷʵΪӾľȨҲʹǵõ˲еĶʱ䳤Ұ᲻÷ȨżȻеıλŷˮ뷨ǻַʽҲҪûȨżҽһ
̫öݺʿĻ⻰־£ոյǻأһЩ㻹ʶôðҰģ
޵ĲأġؽŴ̫ϣõĲȣѡγλˮ
̫󱻱Ƶƿԣ鼱֮Ųյȥӣ
Ϊ˻ʺҪ˶ײң


82 
̫϶, ǰδ棬䵭Ҳӱϲ˺
ʲôʱʼأ
̫һ, ɲǴӻʺ˿ʼ̬һת䣬άʺװ׵ؿ
ϲϲ̫ìͷתлʺ޹, Լõ̫ࡣ
, ĵĸ, Ҫʲô͸øң㲻Ըҡ̫ԾһеĸԴǻʺ, 㲻żҵҫƵлȥ, ΪһŮˡ
̫˵ͨ⹬ʮ뷨˵ľܸĵ, ɴ಻Ըٶѿ࣬ĸƱֺľ֮ʱĸպС΢֪ʲôʲô
ʲô˼ƿضδ֪̫ͷЩ̿, δйĸо
ĸסϲ̫գּһ뾯, ޿ĸɮദ, Ͱȵȥ, ʡֳʲô¶޲֤ʲôԷ
̫ڹһɮˣ˵ѽɫ, ҲǸȫˣһ̫µС
ֻҪ̫ҪʵһЩ, Ǹɮ˷չʲôӶ϶ûȤڹܲסԼ֣޿ҪȻʹܹĸˡ
̫׶ϻе⣬Ȼһɮ˲岻ֱҲ˷֮˵棬֪ǱĻǱʲôأ̫ϷƵȻǵ÷죬ֹҪԣ
𣿶𴽽Цһ̫󵱾԰ˡ
ĸΪ֮һ䣬ȥͽֶ̫λҲסεķ֣вͣӲТ
߳ٹϺؿڱŵһ·ŵһɵİٺϻ㣬һɢĿڵ
̫ܸӣ̫󻳴ĿĵؽȴҲĹĹ֮£תʼڴˡ
Ҳǿʯͷ֪жر̫󲻸ܿȨӲһǰ̫һ˰ڲˡ
·Եİٺϻʢһգ꽻ļ⻨ȵչһɫ鶯м䵭ɫĻֿɰʱĻĸժɫİٺϻһµĴƿеİ֮ʱ
ǰ¼֦ɫİٺϻ֦ص¹лͤ䣬žӨ͸ˮе㡣
ŻŲߵԽԽᡣлרעˮζɫʰ쵵ĸδ𽥿춯ȵˣͷ΢ѹŵĸо
㵵ػͷȥֻһƬɫĽۣϼĺ󱳣ͷŪʲô
л̧ȥͷ仨ͷϣ֦һȦΧס㷢Ȼһ𶯣޸ոá
뿴лϵ֣߼ͤΧߣͷȥˮ棬ˮеӰͷϴһɫΪ׺żɫٺϻĻܿɰ
𣿡ЦʣתתͷˮʻɵĻֻͨƯ
šסлС۽ϻǰˣΧͣķˮ
Ҳûôɵлϲסϵĸ첲Һϲ
ϲͺáϵлĶͷԺձһ͸㣬ϣÿնк顣
ţҾͲˡлϲ¶ϵֵͷ۵Ļ꣬ͷһתʵôֶĪǰΪĸѧ
º͵ʱڣл仨ָΪϣһľ֪˼룬ֻһ
лͷŶ׵ģ涺ЦҪ˼ɺӣЦø⻬ͬҲȾˡ
Ц͵޵ĸȰٺϻǰܶ໨޹УģļģֻĻǲ̫á
лǵûɩ˵Ǻܱܻĸģϲֹһδݵǰ˵Լĸл÷ӦϴͬϲǳЦʵĸһǸŮӰɣ
ǡϼ̵ػشĸ̫ᣬųĵزסԼԼĺӡϣлŮӣҺǣ޲ĸ֮ѡٺ㣬ǡԸúϡ
һܺúһӡл˳ŵϣ۵Ļ֮С
ϵлϣĴָһδεػ֪ΪлĻ˻ǵǣվҪӺǰ£ֻһʱݶٵİȣలȥƭԽ
Ӻó𣿡лһһ͵ߣ㳢
Ͼֳָӣ˵Եú۾Ҳ֪ǲġ
Ծ֪ˡлֳһԲӣҵ۾СӵӦҲС
ϷлļڴؿĶӣЦʣȺûгɶۡ
һСø֥ƵҲҵĺӡлţϴȤ
лʢʮУȵۣͻȻƳһƬҰ׵աлӿʼʹǺܾҵʹȴһȫʪ͸·ĺˣʪȵˮܲ͸磬΢һ
һֱˮͷͲϳɹɶµĺˮҪ˵봲ĵطƳĺѾĳ֡
лʹȣ˿޽ǣڽ׵ɫԵøͻأͷʹʲţҶˣܿʼ𣿡
ٽǰϦоĲź͸ĸʥ֣ʱһȦȦʱ
лǰȺţΪ׵ǳǹټŮˣ֪ЩŮӶûܹʲôƤ֮࣬ͷһӿ캰صĶǣֻܺԺĽⰲʺסʹбѾȴҲⲻļĵģأҹǿġ
ҹлһ뵽ҪôãԴһᣬ˯
ô˵һʹϢСһԾˣлܸе첲ȣֻץʹв̫ǿҵʱϽſϢԵȵ
ڲȵץӸΣۿɫҲԽƣҲ޺ӼϲãЩ˵ķꡣǰȥл涼ûʲôʵڲܰȵסǿƵز˾ͳ˽ȥ
лһ׵£ϸű̺СͷһƬɫϽӹеӸлһãôʺ󻻸ɵ·
ףսսȥȡɾлԺ䱻ѣ۾һ޴룬ôˣң
޲ģ㡣лͷָⶼʧѪɫİףɼлϢҲʹ
л֣Ŷϣţôҡ
һ뵽Ա߰ʲôȥ;չ첲ȶҲܱ˾֮һǻϰ
˵ʲôϾ֪ԼʲôʱôлǵĺӳŮŶţ׵ȻУ
ģȥŰɡлò
ȴվԭûһ˰ȰϣҲﲻʲôæ硭
ϣֱ׵£ֱൽ֪˵ʲô
ãߣ
лʵҵļǲҲˣȥû£һĵȴɡ
áϳţлΪ淢ʲô⣬Һ¡
лһϾһ߰Źɵؽһйһ߲ȥ֪ͨл˽ŮǴ£һ
лҵõϢǼֵģʲô׼ʹҴҸŹе̫ʺѾԻŲӲǸҪһ
һףžưôк£ʯ·ˮĽɫҶϴˢķȵĳƸһɨ⣬紩̨ͤȱµˮķҷƮɢ˶泩֡
лӦòȵóǰһοڶҲܺһЩˡ
һ磬ɫϮֻƽСȴҲҪͣͷ֪Ҫµʲôʱȥˡ
ڼѯ̫ɶߵеʼˣеһͬƫȴյϢ
ŷܹŹðһ˸λţۼŲҲܼªɫζһһǰθڡ
ʺǱ߳Եʲôʵ
ŹػϣǱߵĳʳûϹӸŹ࣬ĸͺ⡭
ˣȥɡûʲô˼ؼ˳ʲôζֻǱܵؾ׽ʲһҹܳҲöٳһЩܲлû£־µضΡ
лų˼ˣӲԼ⽫١֣ƣһɣûʱѾˡ
١޼˵Ļ
οлȵȣʵҲܾûŮûҲò׼ע⣬ֻܼоĲš
ʱҹƻͨһиٴθű̺лĶӣüͷλֹʲôǷɵ顣
лв̫õĸо׼ǿס侲ʵʲô𣿡
˼ʵں˵ǿӲСλҲãʱҲˣۿԶء
лЩֻ֪ĺڲԸǡٵȵȣ
ǺڵСһôؼʱ̳ӡ
ʲôûл˵עʱȥ̫ҽ߲ҩˡӸóȴױ̥ֻҩһԡ
һֱƫţʱ̽񾭣ʱ̫ҽŻȥҩѯʣʺˣ
ʵʺĿǰãֻʱĵ̫õô߲Ȼ뺢Ӷա
ʱʱ̿עչл̰첻͵ʲôΣգ촽ʳ־ĴʣʺѲ𣿡
ǿҲǰɡ˸ӣǸصȴһһ˲Ĳȣϱ𼱣ҩٿ
͵ȵлҲһϢľһšл˼ȥŮл£Ůиʲô⣬ȴлô̫ҽţȥﲻæֻûʺţ˼롣
лĽǣ侲ӽȥҲȷʵлԣûʺ֪ܲ¡
ʺ󲻻µġţȴƲסزֻлʲô״ҲԼʲô⡣ԼĶӣ͸СҲлСϰĺãǻ
лԶļ򣬡£
šƣ۾ĬĬΪл
лң˼ӣ벻лԸȥţҲ˷лĻ⻰ͬлʲô
ڳϵ̧ͷֻܿһƬŨصҹɫһҹлڴʱΣڵϦֻһԣѹĵĿ־塪ΣҪʧȥ


83 
лüͷһ, ץһпץܼ֮ʹʶԺ֪ʱֹȥã˻صʱһڵҩ
ǿɬҩζû߱ͷѣָɬ֮лǿѹ, ӡԼԼѾ˲̫ĸо
ӳ˽ɫ׽ŷ̵룬, ҩ, ӵÿЩ
ϲҩζл˵, ιһظȥһڣ̫, صùҩֱһڹ·˵ҩ֭
ɫԻ, ʪӸôǣݸһԺŵĴ㾲վһԹ۲лķӦ״, ŵŻ̫˳̫ҽʩһ¡
Ⱥ̫ҽδģȥǽ֮ʲһ˿иϸҹɫи, лЩģһУִƤ
ĵѾƣ, ־, ̼û˵ʲôԼҲܲ, ǲ̫ã
˵ŲͷĿ־ǿѹһд, μǿĸŮܲأ
ʱʱ̿Сעⲻ֡
, ô˶ء˸лĺϸﰲοͬʱսָ
ҩ뷨ʹлʲôȥҲ˼ֻΨһص뷨ΨһҪ顪
ҳŲºӡ
˵ĺݺݳһ£οлҲǰοԼµġ
ֻºӣ˿ɱųʹ
ǡһǵø⡣
ɿл֣һγűϸεķ紵ϣµգ̾һ
ƫȵҹĶ۾ϼѪ˿ڽصȴϢлҲڵȣȥЪţ̫ɼλҲ¼
;̫лعޣ̫󼱵ʱ˭˯ţŰģҲƤҪֻ̫ҪлԸȣϱȥ
һʻƫ⣬г䲻Сӣⲻһӱյصļѹ̫ʧִϵĲյϵķӦ̫ˣ˵ʲô
˶ϷǿѹӲͷƤٴѯʣΪֳ֮⣬ϣڻʺͺӼѡһ
ϰ˵пհ׵ؿסӲԸʵȴͻײ
лЩվסڵϣлԶлһһסľ
̫촽˵Щʲôȥɵ龹˵ĸӣԼ⻰Ȼֻ֮⡣ʺ뺢ӲĸûǼΪ֮£ӦϱʹȴЦ˻ģΪʲôһ㶼һ
ΪʲôҹȴһӵĳͬΪŮӶڴ־գ۾˼ǧȥЩǰҲԸ⣬治ôȻ
޲ѡҪϷһ˲ͼȨ⣬ƺ⳯һȥƽףͷһʼ㱻ǿжϣ޶ȡ
ϣĸ᲻ģġ˼ϥͷּȭ޲Ŵٴµûס
Ĭ֪ԼȥȡᣬתԣһվϣǱ롭
̫ҽԺ̫ҽҴϣʺûˣǱС
ʺҪˣɵؾ쳹ƫ
õʵ۵ָʾ̫ҽ԰һģֱŬ
л˿żȻֱͦ˫ʹɿ壬ƣصӰһ˲ʪ۾־µؽɣո»ʵѡҪӣĵһѪضΪء
л˶ԣǸû棬µŮıȵʮŮҪ
һ񲻾⣬ȻڻʺĿоԻʺˣȻлŮĺһԵõлҵɲؿ̫ǳһĨЦڳЦµĻƿСһ㡣
֪ǶűļһֱԸ˳ӹĸ֮⣬ȴҲòΪ˻ʺЭڹĸѡ񡣱ʺһֱļطһ̲һйĸ»
·𱻴ͨʲôһ㣬ͻȻͨ¡ɼǴʱ˿̼ԼҪ𣿻Ǹ˻
ȷʲô̬ȣ񱣻ʺһᶨرĸһѡҪӡ
ɲ֪ԼûΪ˺ľ򣬵Լһǻᱻĸģù߿ĸоԽܣһֱΪĸ۰ֶŮû뵽Ħĸ˼õĴ𰸡
ĸһֱҪĲһżѪĻӣδҡڹĸʲôԼӣĻʵۣ߰ˡ
лѣ١ι¼ƬУҲָתͷһɫ׼ʱ˯˺һ
λŸĶӣ°˵ˡ
лŲŵһδαžʹ仹ǿʵڲоºӡ
ʹл˵Ҫ£רɡ
ʲôл𾪣ֻýļĳ̶ȡҪϸʹŰŶӣ
ӣϸҪлغţȻҲҪ˾ȥ
Ľʱ̣˺رлĻЦͷһμķĲУҪŬ
Դݴʦ̷̫õҩ󣬱̫ҪоϿһ̫εɮˣֻۣ⡣ѶĳһȦȦΧסϢɮٴԾһͬ
л漣ػָԽԽ࣬Ӷ¶Դˡ˾Ȳѣսʺ󴽱ȴҧгݵҪʵۡ
ˣѧˣ
ɫƣһ׺¡һŵһҫ۵׵Ļѿ¶ѷ죬ĩ˸պⲻԶͩϣʱһƬ
ͻ״Ż˼һĳԴݴʦ䲻һ˻ûӾźлع񣬹㴫ͯɤŵĿ޺
ϼ嵽ǰһڴؿŴ汻һŽߵĴӱ
֮˺Ͳ̫ҽǵĵϲϲϲ
ʺأɨӺ˵ûʲô㼱ѯʡ
滺һЦоգո˯ˡ
ƿǰļˣлǰ԰׵ɫȥڰػؼǽ˺ӵĶϣǵĶӣ۾֪󲻴ء
лӦ̫˯ģͻȻĶҲ
̫ϵԴݴʦʦ˵Ŀģ
Դ΢΢°ͣ߰ɨڳˣָһɤӣɤͳƶĸΣѣ콵ףƶָһɡ
ǸǺã̫ŷߴһ֮ˡ
ԴݴʦץѱˮʪĺӣȻ


84 
ԴͶԵûƵ, ȴڳˡ̫볼ߴߴ۷׷ףл˳䣬ոհᵽɤۡ
ŮŸתΣΪ, ֱ˶ϡ
鲻׷ԸͣٴѯڳΨһס֮ˡɮԴݣʦȷû
Դ, һ˦Ӳ, Įת̫״̲ס鼸, ձپԼＸ͸ҷ֮ˡǨзļλͬҲƲ, ˵ʶô
鱻ָǺ, ԴݴʦһӦظһĻҲáԴݴʦ·ûߵĶ, һ˳Ū鿴ԴŰɰʪĵɮ˱Ӱü
̫ɲ̹Сۣѹڲ̹, ʧ̬ĳȣʵǸǺã
Դ˼һ, ˫Ŀþò, ༱ϳ˵˭ҵĺӶ, ʦ֪ⷨӿ𣿡
ҲǸ취ԴݶһεΪѵػӦ, ֱӽС
޿˭ңԴݸ˵һ룬ϽСؽ١֣۳һŵǰ, ɨÿһͣԴϣɮҹ͢ˣȥ
䣬ǿסԴݵֽŽȥԴݺţ͵Ľšù׳ߺšƶɮԾʵȴûܸı䱻ѺȥĽ
ʦĻҲ̫ɴ۾ԴݱȥͼȴΪ֪᲻ãҪӰҹ𣿡
̫ʣĸɮ˹ƻϺͿˣǰֵشٹĲźá
Сӹǰһָֻ⣬̫һȻƣɡ
̫ǵ۾΢΢ٲбĺʱŪʺĺˣŲ뿪ҿǺͿ
ɶٴ̫תڳĳܽԼ죬ΣɢҥԡСЦλ̫࣬ūŸϽ̧ȥ
ݲ̫ܾͱϽߣ̫ҲŲȥ뼸λֻ̫ܱͻٹ
лʱѾһΧȼյƣůڵټһ乬ұ֪˯˺ܾãʲôʱ
⴫΢˵ʲô֮͡ģ̫壬˵һбƵȼע⡣
ſȼŻ᣹ڴָ࣬ȵİ׿ˮɤӡӣӹյ»ôȥһ
ߣϱһСźɫлдѽѽ̺ĹĶһ챧ҿ
߽ǰڴϣٷŵͰлͷƽڴϣճԱںܾ񡣡
лϲؿźӺת۾۾ִ
˵ϸźӺͰ͵СеûëĺӣֲŮ֪Ա𣬷оСһɹȥ۵˯£ŵĻȥҪǸŮҲ̫˰ɣ
ƲƲ죬лǸкһ㶼󡣡
С˵ôÿӵĲŶ˵СĿΣǿ϶ǱȴӶƯ̶һͻÿˡ
кӣǰлСҶӡ
˵СҶӳ󣬵лϲĲУٳҲԼģȶҪۣ´ˣùѽ
ϰлƼ£ǺܹԣԿ
лŵ֣ûûصĿɲңôᱧӵģ
֪УϾȻ
ȣѧġֱӣʱʱսСһߺߵط֪Ҫ˵ʲô
Слƽģ¶ŪĶЦһ㡣
޿̫ԩˡļºӵıҡ˯һСһ˯ˣָл޸ջ١˵⺢ر㡣
лûʲôԵĸо⺢ƽƽؼһ˵Լ˲ŻöΪĺӣȻңǾ㡣
ţԸպ󳤳һ޻ɶµĺӡϽٷŽһԵҡСһԼ˯ȥлιˮ
лСˮ²۵ҾɲǸԺӣ㿴һʱʲô¶ãûʲô⣬ƫƫôһ
յˮڱײ죬Ƕͣ¶޴δ¹ʲôΨνΪ㡣
л϶ϵֱûʲô£ֺÿ϶ָܺܿġ
ϣ̫ҽ˵һҪúϢɲ˼ӵʲôܣֻԼУбҪöһʱա
ӳӡл;̲ˣæŵҿ϶ԹϢ
Сһֱ嵭͵лӣպöͻȻճһط̫ӦкԣùСžһЩ
ڼϵ۾·СҶӵһ㣬һֱ׼˾ûû棬лȡЦûС𣿡
ûСϻеƬΣ޹˵ԼǻӻŮСģĿȥźӳ˶ľη棬ΪлĺӣȻ䱦ҲİΣ
СҶ˯кߺؾСҡڣ̧סУҡСȴСҶӰŤͷлŵһ죬ͳ̣Ļشˡ
лֲ֧ǿȫˣҪϢܸι̻򲼡
Ѿʮ£óû͵öæΪ˸Ρ
áЦӦУֻҪпܸϣ϶Ըӻ򲼣ιɲС
˵Ц䣬СӴҴҽվͨϣʷ˻أҪҪǻȥ
лۿŶ̸Ц˲͸Ų֮⣬ʵôˣʲôҪ£ȥæɣû¡
ʲô¡ϲ⣬ЦԸﲻߣǾǸϳȥ
лδ϶ԳֶδֱȰ㻹ǳȥɣһҪء
ϳĬһԸһ뿪
л̽ͷȷ϶߳ȥţ١ʵʲôʱ
չʱ̡١ִ
ôˣл𾪲ѣʲôóӹ⵽ôΪʲôŲأ
Ŀ⿴ԶСϣ²Сӳ֪ʲôȻ̬֮澿ʲô
ҪҪٳɲ١رл⣬ⲻ֪лɡ
СҶʲô𣿡лӾҪȥӣֻ˺ӵǲﳤò̫ԣ˻š
ӣܷ硣١ֵлǰôȥСĶã彡ʵء
ǻʲôǲܸ߱ģлأֱ١ֶ޿ɶ㡣
١Ҳ¶סʺ֪֯ԾίؽС׵һ¡
л꣬ŵֱͷϣ΢΢ؿͻľʹŭǰ˾ڮһӣܰ𣿡
١ֽ͵ϲŷ𣬿̫һĺܶ࣬ɮ˵ĻģȻҲͳ
翴ɮҡײƭģĸɺϰˣֻҲ˵лʹֱӣţ˭Ҳ붯ĺӡ
л١ְҡƹظĺӹĹĵСƤǰžðģԺ߲뿪׽֮ˣﶼҪţʱʱ̿̿˺˳롣
ģϰնԸˡ١ְĵЦι̻򲼣ԱСӶء
лĴ룬ԶǷĵġ
Ȼ೯Դݴʦ˵ڶϵǿѹ˭Ҳûȥѻ¾ôϲµصţҲల¡
ɰﱩ࣬Ϸ꼫Ϊ࣬ǰոɹĵ̰ӶûܵˮĳᱻӿĽɢƻһʱ䱻ʤҶˮҲ޼ҿɹͼĵ⡣
ˮȾɽɾȪˮõĴȾϴССĲ֢һʱѩһ㷭ǣѾԶعԱܿƵĳ̶ȣֻܶϱǡ
ӽŵˣغͷۣе̰ӶŻһЩӶˮɲֹˮһǰ
ڳӼĲͬȨ⣬Ҫܾȸβ⣬ﳼϻľˣҲ鲻ġ
ʱʷϣĴ꣬ǴСӳʼ𣿡


85 
ʷĻһ, ˵ĳȫԾ˳ʷĻȥ룬Сӳ׮׮һһо١
˫ſز, նŷ⡭ȫܶԵϰ
ɫҲôãʪĻѹ, Ϸŭĵȡ
С׶һڸձԴݱʱ㱻ʵѹ, ˭Ҳûʧ, ֻǶﲻ˵ѣʷһ, ѹֵĲӭǿҵı, еĲ˳ƺܹһͯϡ
۵ĻСӳ˻֮ǰʺеʱƶ, СӴ벻ҰŻӽػ֤߼Ǣʲôɵģ
ʷٴɱСӣ°һ, ˷׷Ч£һƬٷͳһĳ, ΨлҼϵõҴͻأվ, вҲڶҡ, ԥ
ˡϺǳһ, Ĵ˲žѻȸÿնڷ벻, սĺͯҲֻ޵ĺһǲƫؽɺϵһ𣬾ӵ
⻰ǺеһЩƫʷᶨѾ־ҡҶһ˴ʵڲʲ壬Щ¼˵ǲҲܹʷճʲôóԵģߵ·ŭļ
ȻʷΪȻ϶ֻ֮ʵڻʵˣŤתǵ뷨ʷȻʱھһֱԾԹ٣ֱԲΪ飬ȻӲͦ巴ʵϣɺ϶ൽ˼飬Ǽ򵥵ɺ𣿡
ַѵ۰Ϊ޵ĺӴЩˮٵĵ̰ӡܸԭؼһ𣿡
ʷһʱ޷뵽ֱ׳Ļش𣬡ϣȻѾֻ޷أٿֹĻ¡
ΣǲԱʳȥ֣޲̰ҽ¸֣ʵ¿ɱǶһӲǿϷɨ½µһƬة๰ı޼ǵǰةӹϷغӵ̰ӣӻ֧Сһʿֶȥģô˲ã
ةڵץָָ׹ӲĵֻбķݣΪΪѸͣι̵ĵ̰Ҳס
ʲôԭȥ֪ǰʱⶨ³ޣٶСӵ˼
һ˵ֱ꣬ȥ̫ðŷӦ˳
糯˳ֱ˳ȥ·ߣȥ޶ȥЩ˵ĳӵӡ
лСҶι̣ȳʱ۲ٵСһſſڳԷнضֻлһĴָС·ץգž»źߺķ
Ű£СҶѾúÿ࣬˴Ѹɱѣ۹⻬һźͱǼӨĹлıϸ۲٣˵⺢Ϊʲôǿ಻
СҶӴڷ˱ðҲûҪͣ˼л̿ôôܳԣ
ϲԲ飬СҶӵڶȫҪιĸ׵ıܣлʵ̫һ£¾Լ˼˼ҲɣԳŶϲڰѶӱιιǽʱЩϿҪˣлı֣š
СҶӳºȻͣ£ʪ˫ãؿȻػŸ첲ȶлæţûԱͼԣǲ
ɣˮҲͨСҶسԱãȻٺٵЦ
лʪӸСҶӲɾ죬ֲԼؿСҶԱܻСƨһ˯£ãͺоֻƵ۾գתʲô
СҶӴ󲿷ʱ䶼ǺܹԵĺӡҲȰιܶСԹԼ̾Ͳˣʱ鷳СҶһҲҪιʵɵĺܣƤʵѵʡĵĺӡ
˭ιϣԶϴûֹߣСҶлĸСܡлձСһſʮջʵĲУСһһӣһձһտɰԼľ;ϲǿźӰƴСЦ棬СҶ¶Ҳǣ¶۵
ĿĿĵػζл֪ʲôȴܴ峺۵пⷿĴɴʷһ˿һΪɾ
ôȿɰһ֪ĺӣ׵ֽѩôɷֻأ
СҶӲ֪뵽ʲôͻȻԴתȥСҲͦƵڣлŵøæ൲ס⺢һȥˡ
ϽʱպÿֵѹڴϱΣѽѽز֪˵ʲôæǰֳССһţʵ븸û
˵ţڻתȦǵСҶӾĿЦʱʱϸ۵ɤӺ
ˤлŶ̲ס̽ӣ۾ڶһ̲ɣת
϶ӱͣзִ硣
ջ˫۽СҶӱл£ԼŵһСϵζЦ㱧ӾˣҲζˣ
л糺һƬû߶࣬ôΪҲͦãбб5һۣ㲻Ҳһ
ȻؿڱݺһײСҶӵĴԴ˵ȥͷŵǸ첲ϵʹСҶץסϸ첲ϵƤסУ˳šٽ
ǿûƤӳȥлĬĬ˵ȴ̲סЦСҶеĲԵʱ򣬻ɵŲŻᷢСһʹҪڵϼС
ССȭͷûأ˵̫С󲻺ÿαͻϮôһǿⲻסˣŭһСҶӱĺƨɣˣ
ױлŶϣ׺ӣ˸Ӽƽʲôúš
ϣ̫ˡ
ÿòôǳԶٲУϰ˼̫ܳǲǵҼǺӳԳСԺ߲·ô죿
˵ģлЩˣԭӲͻôأȻǼСҶµڶϡ
Сû±ˣҲطֱӺ˯ȥϲͻȻ䰲ŷС۾ֻʣ죬ˮĽëӷɢɢ¶ƳմȾ¶ˮСݡ
ŵؽСҶӷҡ˯ȡźӳ˯գԾս֣޹˭Ҳ붯ĺӡ
лܳ´ֻܿڴ齱߶Ͽӣʱ¾²õСǶԵҲɲʲôôʱ仹УϿɲ£˯磬ȥæɡ
Ͽͷȶ˯ĺӣִͳһлͷϣΪɵʻ
ҲҪʻ顣
лϲϲͱϣͷժ»ֻƷִӰٺϸΪСգɫջѷٺϣҲܵ⡣
ʵֹ˰£תۼ䵽СҶ£л´ӡ
ʳ¹дϯϲⲻЩԷҪжǰﲻ֪ߵغĳ֪ʳӵǼƲܼ̤
СҶӱһɫŽɫֵСӺͿӣԲĻͷЬɵرлڻװޡ
Ҫôȵ˯ţҪôԹԵؿĸ׵ĸ첲գڳϸĽëԼһҲܴסСһգ֡
һգСҶԼĴʣȡģԸԶʣ
黹ûôƯɰкӣĿޣ⺢һǸġ
ԺѧʿӦͣʳӱضдš
лСҶӵԴжͻĲǣֻһ֪ԼҪʲôԼϲģҲ뷨һ¡ĸĸԺӶһߵ᲻Ծڹܽ붽ɳĹиԳܵѹһ̫
ĸԼı֣һðõĽ䷶̳ܽһζģ֮ˣǷǲֵˡ
ӵһӣлϲʶҪһжѣñĳԺ˯ʱ̷ĶƷԵĽԸĸ˵Ĺȥûʲôϰ
ʷͷſ˵ٶʵ۲ô죿֪ȶ˾ƣӻҡҡλεվҪЧǰҳȥײƣס֧ŷí㾢ȥײҲֻŪˣԼû¡
ȥڻµײŪĲ
ʷײᣬ˻ʶӴвţָǴ˭϶ˣֻ
ŶСջطȭߵȻ˵ͷͱҪˡ
һ䣬̫ǰˣϲŪԶմ˻
лʷƵĺգԸ㤣Թٵͷĸײеض¹Թٵ죬ζʲôϻ᲻֪ô


86 ж
ԹƾһڳһƬ֮, ɵٹ٣ɻȱĵҪԱԹٵľһ̶ϷӦǳ̶ȣԻϲķ, ʷǱų꣬ʵԹټںбƷԵķӦ
ЩлԼףҪ˵ڻλϵˡ˿ڱҪԹٵͷ˼ɿлķ, źӵֳȰ, 
лȻֻʷһη, ڶǰָ˵˶ٴβǵôߣлжһֱĺ÷, Ҳʰĳɫ, Ҫ˵˭Ĵ϶ʷͷϣ, Ƕ£ŪĻ̡̻
˵ȥĻջصĵлܲˣһʷⰭ֮ˣвպҲһֵԹ, ûͷܰؼ
ʷⲻأԴײ۸ָ־, ǰֱקͻʵ۵ľֱͷһ, ȶͷһͰˮ, Źģ, 
ɵʵۺջس֮⣬ʺȰҲû, ֱӰʷǿƴ롣
лջֲٶԣֻ¶֪С۾ץץȫ֪ĸΪ˻˶Ŭ
ջֵľϯһʱޱȼž·ϰһԲѹָе۷壬ʱʧȥһ¡ɾϯСҶ֪޾ԹԵץɫΪ
㲻ܳлæץסСҶ߬ѵСȭͷȥСָͷѣµĺֻк̺ˮķݶҳ
СҶӻʳȲлֻܿޣۿźòץסĶ뿪ģ޺üҡ
϶ŶӲŻɫȻҪ͸ɣûСҲԲȥ
лһۣҧҲС
ǿӲӽв˵ҪǳζԺιιˮɾ鷳ˡ
ҲǣԵöϱ޺ĿӣҪغ弸£ȴͣ׾СʲôûУС죬
⺢ӡ˭
ۺӵĻ·ĳУǼҲйСӵģɺӳʲôأֻÿʱһۣûзȥźţ֪ͻȻˣɺʲôʱǶ֪
ĺСӣȵϼҹҪȻʵ᲻òϴӦôСز۽Ҳһġ
ʱһС̫СܶͨиԳƴӴɮˣս
Ǵ£лüĿսλսʦŸ󣬻ɩҲΪ̫ϵĻսʦʵˡսʦΪζ
лžֵĶӣؿ˵ԽԽ죬ҲɣСҶƺʲôͻȻɼˮһſӡ
һҲãûﱧȥιҲã⺢ٿ޳лӵǡ
лһۣ˶ӱ˴пһϳʦ
Ķ㲻Ǳսʦʲô˵⺢ӵ׶Ҳзӻǡ
սʦȽŲã԰ϯʱһõȣСҶӶ˱ͻл˯ţ֪¡
еС̫༸սʦһνٲУսʦڣһɮʸڹгȫ֪˼죬̬ӡ
лսʦԲͬԴݣǿܺͰ֮ˣдԵɢȱЦƽı顣
սʦȻЦЦʦܸй˴鷳
пڣ֪ʦԶڻϯϳΪ£
ƶɮǿʱ䡭սʦƺûʵ۵ų֮⣬Ҳ⣬ʵƶɮպøϡ
һʦܸ̫ķͶ̣ʱ䲻ʵߵֲǸ·ˣǾʲôʱ򵽶Ե֣УȻڻﲻ
ƶɮ˷ʦܻæ벻ƶɮʦܡսʦЦеؽ͵ȴǳϵĴ𰸡
ѵΪСӶ
лĻŲδиԴѾԻ֮Ѻ̫ʵʵҲǾڹңѽӴֻ̫żȥѯķӣԴݴʦطйؾ
̫뷽跨ϽԴݴʦųȥսʦҪˣø
ҲԴݴʦڹʵˣϿķǵ˵ų滰ܹסſ죬޵ȻԸͻء
лò׼սʦ̬ȣһսԴ뷨һ£߶СҶӵɵסʦɷСӿࣿ
أƶɮ֮ҡսʦ߽лƱСҶӣ¶ֽߵӱದõסսʦߡ
սʦòº͵ػ˵СͥüĿ㣬պضи֮ˡ
üĿ㣿
л㵣ͷȥӺ˯ݣͥû壬üĿ㡭ǹͺͺֻһƬϸëüǺͱճһ϶۾Ҳ㣿
ⶼص㣬и֮˲ɿ죬ʦԷ飿
սʦ֮˲ֹлһة෢ʣСӳ֮Դݴʦ˵
ɺȽϣսʦҲĵؽͣƶɮʦǳ˵Ĳ׼Ҳ˵Щûϵʦֻһµı棬뵽ǷӳܲĶأ
һл𾪲ѣ˵һߥλżҼ˺͸ҡڵĳǡԱظˣŶսʦ֣лʦ󡣡
˸ҽֻһϡ
սѪȻ𣬡ƶɮɷΪСӵ飿
ȻԡлȻԸ⣬СҶӽﱧսʦǰսʦʳָСҶӶһ㣬յҵף
СҶӶͷʱͻȻ۾սʦָ뿪ʱֱϣ·档лԴСȭͷ˯㣬лһЩʱԴһ仰ɢȥСҶǵسɳˡ
ǺԴݴʦѾȥʱһģֻмɫֲ֮˱ڰҷ˿֪ûдһ࣬޺Ͻɫ·սʦʶŤͷܣսʦסʦȥģΪȥ
ԴݽŲסʦܻδ֮£±лȥɣʦ֡
лԴݴʦɷȥպò
սʦЦøӲãʱϵĴȱЦݣǷĵȡЦ֮⣬ʦܰĸʦ߰ɡ
ԴݲԾͷԼ뾡һЩ·磬ʺƶɮ̷̫벻ƶɮ
˵ԼͷͦվֱٲȻһӲҪڹﲻߣʵѲģ
лԴݵĵһĺܣ̫ףһսʦ߶ȽʲôԴݵȸֵһᡣսʦĸ󿴿ӣҩԴݴʦˡ
Դݵɴǵ۾ֹսʦƶɮ֮
սʦͰâлȷԼûп¾ƳԵò࣬ȥż˸սʦ͵ۺ̫ڵٹ
Ƚȥ̫棬лȺʱȥƬ̣л̫ض״Ӧ֪˵̫󣬲̹ǽȥˡ
лû̫էһݿµӻЩܽܡ̫ƺƤǵģ̫Ѩ̶ȲһذݣⱾͲʲô̫̫Կ̱֮࣬ĳ񶾵լˣ빬ȥǰģ硣
㲻̫ԭα¶أ
лסĵĿܣ̫
սʦ̫ģ֮ɫ̾һ̫̫Ѿٿܣ˵ӱҲı䲻ʲôȻսʦӰ
ʱһһεعȥлԴݴһʼСȶڿ磬ںʲô
أлԤ̫˿Ȼֹ۵ǱսʦĻѹ˵ƺѾСŵˣ̫ﳤڷ̵Ͷҩջգת
ҩж̫ɳƵɤƮսԴϣرᶨսʦԡ
սʦû˵꣬Ⱥ̫ľɼⵤҩһλҩʹ˳񫣬̫ⵤҩڼز̫ܰɡ
Ҿ˵Ҿ˵Щʱô˵ʲô̫벻ʲôԷй˿̵ķߺޡѾһûдԴõµҩ֮ǰʣıͲ࣬վûˣ֪⽫һµʱôģ跹˼˯ҲοץӸεֻǵҩ㡣
ôлһ£Һûô̫ĵҩȻô죿
սʦ渵ǼǰĸɮƳĵҩȷЧ֤ʵⵤҩлȻ˵嶾Դ䷽жҩģʵǰǱ㵱ǷͶȡɵĳͷҩٷӷƶɮʦܵӲС͵˽̫ʵǡ
˷ǰҪԴݻУŻ
̫Ϊʱӣֱûʲôõֻܴߣ´Ŷܲ˵سԴݵķȥڵ϶ˤļĽ֮⡣
лϵһ£Ƭֻؿ̫ܵŮˣʵҽεķ
սҡҡͷûʲôԵƷ̫úĥ̫ķ඼컯
ⵤҩһжͽãǰõĴٹ˲֪ĸɮ˶ûͱ£ֻڵȥЩֻ֪ͻȻһⵤҩϹˣδԹơ
սʦϰҽ꣬ûҲֻ޼ƽ׸õϣѡ
̫Ļ䣬ȴпƲסʢŭδƽϢָԴ˻ߣΪҪң
ԴݵͷһԲӽ̫Ϊʸ֦һа¶̫ô˵һֶ˷ѿࡣ
սʦĽ󣬲ҲֻƲ⣬̫̫ɡ
̫ȷʵֱ˺еӵ̸ҪԼΪƾȥ̫󣬱ĸϴʾܾҲҡ̫Ҳܲ͸磬ʦܵǺץסᡣ
һһⲻˡ˶սʦֻ̾һԵ
̫ӳսʦе⣬ɲԴʣǹӽң԰ʾãⰧ˵µĶԲԣ
Դݲ𲻷Ĭϡ
лԴݸ֮У϶ûУֶԩ޳ĺӶ֡
սʦҲٵ̲סţʦܿǷų
㶮ʲôԴѵÿڻӦм̫ȴ߸ϵʦĻ٣ҲʦĵӣжŴһжˣʦֵȫȥ׷㣬һҹ̳֮ĸоᣬ𣿡
սʦɫԴݼ˵ǱʦĹ¶Сг󣬶㲻Ǹߣƾʲôȥҵķâҵʦ֣
׷̫ɣսʦѯʣȻдЦ⣬ʦֿڹӹȷʵ˶һȦ
ȻԴݴʱǱұѺչƳԲ˯ãȷʵȷֱԲ࣬ɼ֮ǰöô˳˳ˮǳ
ѹ㲻ԸʦֻȥսʦЦڹﲻ㣬˸ʦֻȥкδȥ
һʵʵԴݣҲ벻֮ȥһȥʦֵǶ֪ʲô֮£ȵƽƽҪ䵽ȥˣܽĽҲȥΪҪȥǵһȵӣ尾ŬȲʱУûͷȤҲŬˣ
սʦ׻üͷڿһµĺӣﻹɵѡ
ֱʦܷ´ɷģƶɮ뽫ʦܴʦŴãϿɷѺͣ
ǿеĹɷᣬ϶׼
ӦӦ̫󲻸ģɣڹڰǰˡ
̫ؿھҵͻش´ͷ֮أɲҪǷųͷü򵥵ĶưҲҪԴƭµ
ֻŭżֲײ߷ߣļŵءǸȻʸӡ
ڳ֮˭̫Ļأࡪֵͬܶ·ҩ缦֪ҵľΪżҳҲ
սܾ˵ۺֱӴűѺ͵Դ·ȽøŻȥʦܡ
л˯񾢶Ķ˹ģδһյľĶлع񣬺ڶоա
ɩСӵߣ˵ǰ̫һͬ׼ȴûϣ͸Ҳﾡˡ
л׺ɩӸ²õС·ǶñӻͷЬֻѷɫڹɩַġ
ͻȻյСҶӷҡΧţɫûСҡҡλλܶ죬ôһ綼ˡ
ºϷ̰ӱٵԭҵżֶڼ๤ʱԼ͵ϣԭõľʯһɲӻҵƷ۴ӳ͢кһʡ
Ͽ౨ֱӴֶˤϣ


87 ް
Ȼϻ֪Ϊ˺, Ӵϵ䣬ڵīӳУ׷ʲô, תһͬ㵵ļСֶ
ϣ⡭ԩڵأ亹һ, ʱȥô, ӱˮʴҲǳ, ͵أ
ֶһ仰Ҷ˵ֻǲ͵͵Ƴһࡣ
һ౨, Сø࿴, ׼Ϊٶ, زǵһ£νͬСɣǵһ̰۵ĹԱû׼Ȼʱ͸ɹܶˡ
ؾα, ȴ˽౨꣬޴ߴ֮⡣дһҵεɫ, ٱû̿, ڴϿˣ˵ı, ȴްϲá
Ϊι˶Ϸ𣿡һȭ鰸ϣһ·΢صˡ
Ϊ̰, 궼еļ꾹ȻȥƵİ˼֧Űյھ֣ڹٳֲ϶͹, һֱϴ壬ͼȫеװ׺֪أ
Խ鰸ԣ΢΢ΪپһֱΪµģ
𲻳ȻǣȻֱĸоģȴ˵ԼǸù١
Ҳʮ꺮һеĲӣһǻѪǴʲôʱʼѳָأƺȻ£һĳʱΪҪ֮ʱһᵽƿصĿ|бһʰ̰ͼࡣ
Ҫһ㣬ȻǰĵϽɣʱˣٲһ֮£ʵ֮ϵӡ
˰ΣŻǵˡ
ҲҪˡⲽص鰸ǰȻ֮ʧȥһɡ
̫ڶ˵ҩ֮ԽԽѹԡ뾫ĥ٣ŵŮܳܵģ
Ȼ̫ҽۺ֮ѾڸⲻŲʹǿѣ˵Ƕûǻ
ⲻܵģӣһİĵûһ̽ŵҲӰοʵĻҲ˴ۺ
Ļŭûסؿһͣס̹æһȵϣɤӡ
̫ȵϰŶȻҲȣ߶µؽӹ豭һһ룬ʪǰһƬϡ
⸱ӣѹɩԸҡ˵ŴԹĻЦ
̹̫󻹲֪֮£Сظ֪࡭żһǰ㱻ຮ֮أٲûؾ
ʲô̫󾪺Լʲô
̹гʱ䣬żӦóˡ
ӡôң̫أصټķڣ̹̫һȥǰ̫ıΪ˳𼤶
̫ؽʵƽĿڶһôʲ£ŭ˸ǣ
²żŴżг϶һݶ٣ҲҪżҺ󱲰ǰ;ɣϾҽżȫţ̫󻹾Ϣ󾢶̫㣬ӻš
̹ŵ֣һС̫̫ʵֻԵҲһЩ͸̫˼Һ˼ᡣ
̫Щ⣬ֳʲôʱҲʼˣȻһ֪ɵӺȻ㯣عЩһĻĻ˲֪ãõ̹վˣ̫Щǰ𣿡
̫ͣڲ̹ʼֻ̫Դֱ̫۾һתתضʶҪش
̹̫߶ִ꣬˽һЩūΪ
˸ͷ㱻̫ϣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲ
ʵ̫󲻸
һһ˵Ļ̫󶼲ˣĵ׵Ŀ־޷Ŵ󣬼ȺĴ𰸡
ǶԵģǲصⰧҡ
̫̹̾Ϣһ֪˵ʲôá
պ̫ڲްţϢлߣ̴Ź˲ã׼ɥ¡
⹬һλżҵŮҲˡɡ̫֮ǰ빬ͬŵżȥ̤֮·
лǵʱͻȻãǰΪһ£šյرһΣ˵ԼһΡ
ɲԸڹ̷̫ҲܾӵڹﰲȵϣֻԼļԶȥ
һл˼ĸĹۣһ峤֮߳ľżӵʶ
ԭʹҲǸܰŮӶɵ˵ĵط
̫ɥڣл϶ôģԻʹջ̫ѹ֣Ҳ
˺ܶȤлֻܱŶӳɹɹ̫Сһ⡣
ССһˣ־治Сڷһ˹ģһСңֻҡӶĺۼ
лʱСһŷˣʱˬȵɢȥ
칬н˲ִֺʯջʣ²١лǧϣϷŶСҶӣʯԼԡ
СҶӻ̫СԶûܵʯֻͣܵɴ۾ɿš
źƵС첲ȥץл˼ĸ첲ڸ߸ߵͷʯ񣬵ͷСҶ¶Цݡ
СҶӼ޹ƽлҲ۱һ£˭֪СģСצͻϮ
лòٴξٸֱۣСҶӷͦССļȴûл뿪һ硪ͦ|||㿴Ǹ´ޣ
أСҶƲ찧Թޱȣģ׾׽ҰС죬ʲôûУ
л̫ˣĲܳԣ˺һСƬʯ֮ɫƤһıĤԳŵʯѣҧܿɬ
ŵСҶ֪ⶫóԣͲˡ
ȻСҶڴطŽкס˱£ûС˷ܵؽ£Ȼͷһ³ƿۻƤ۵ؿ˳
л׽ŪСһɹЦ١һεظ̾
١޻˵ʺôԼ˺ӻƵġ
лЦֱ֮׳ôСʲôǲסҲڶﻹл᣿
ǸܴȰĸףԼĺӣһСҶӺɾֺһСҶӵΣǰһֻսǧһӣޣױ㵴ǧ
Сİ١ֿлһһС˶ǰʡˣŲġ
лŽż⵴϶⡣ʼ΢΢ζĸоСҶӵҡһܿġԽԽߣʧظȴֽҶҪĸ׻ꡣ
лСӵͷײòȣǧǰ߸ʱȴѹȥֻһֻֻץǧӣСҶӱصСĶĲӻ
١æҵǰҪסǧΪʱӣлɴɿǧֱסСҶһŵءһԴҺСҶû»ɵǺǵЦ
СӣΪúЦһ֪СҶӣͻȻһʹɵȥ࣬ȻһЩϤİĻ档


88 ұ
л䲻ػӦôһ, ԽԽԽ꾡𽥼ӿ졣
СҶǰͻȻе, ûС죬ѽ
١ֺл̷ĹŮһӿϣְ˽ŵرСٰл
лƿ˷֣Լӵվ, ȹմĲݺ, ¡
̫, ١ɫӱСӵЦֵŭüĿӲ֪Щ˴, лСӶûˤ, Ѵ̡
١ִͷ, ū⣬𷣡
๬Ů׷׸ϸлڹŮ䱻ŵѩһɰĺӣ鼫临, ûôȥ١빬ŮĻкθϵ, ǱԼçײ
һ˲ͷǸӱ, صվû̧, ͵ת, ȥɡ
١̧ؿԶȥлӰҶһ֦ɵ
ڶʲô
޴СŸл, ͻȻ£лŴǵĲһ仰Ҷ˵
лصɢѾ͹Ůʰ룬һֻ࣬ǶСӵĶƮŹ޵ζ
׻Ǳ˵ġ
ŲȻóٶۣĵ￹ٿĲͬﻹǸ˵Ķ
Ӻ󷽸ϣлߣ񣬡ϲ²ū澸һȥױԵһá
лײӣϻЩۼһתҡ
١ŮߵǱСҶӵĹŮŬŲû¡һСҶתӺ۾ͼѰϤΣȴûɵֽŲҲ
߽ͷЦЦС£滻·ɲڽȥ
лվžӲŷͷһбĽѹһ·ͷʲôקţۡ
ûؽӰ£ϲĵٲ࿴һۣһױ̨ϣŮ·
ûҪŮݹķۣѡһɫʽĳŮе죬Ҷԣæµȹ
·лǽϹŵĽ߳
СҶӿףҲһӾϳСֺǺǵЦһû
١ҲûӦȻ㱹󣬡ﲻǷ𣿡
˿鷿۵ĶϺȻѰǰһ۶ȥ֪£ֻȻļ£ҵ
ʲô̫ͣڹУֻȻʺᡣҲల£˶ССĺͯ˵ɷǰһλة࣬ûҵ෴Ӱȣպѡ˲ȱɡҲƽûгֵɳлм䡭
ˣøǰˡ
ȻлηӦҲûףôӲԸ϶ùˡ
һڱӵѰ
ͷһͷҲһЩ²ǽѡ
ֿܷ׼ҪȥлСӼææ鷿鷿Ĵһ
С´û˻ҹȻȶϷʣСӾʺˡ
Ǻˣ
պãȥл
Сȴһأģ嵲סŷ죬ʺŽģ
üͷһл϶дյİɣ
˵䣬лŶ룬СӵûܿסŰ強ǽ䡣
ϾȻվſںܽĵطл΢΢ȣȴ˲˼ΪβúҪɵһţҳ
Ȼɻ󣬵ʣ˵л߳鷿԰ӼʯС·ϡлֱ彩Ӳ֮Ѿܾûֵĸоѹ֣̽ŴƳ˭ˣ
ǡл͵ЦһЦϺŪû꣬ҲЦԼ̫ɵô֮ƫƫˡ
ΪʲôһˣΪǶϣһлܽܣֲ˶ϱ㲻С
ɵϷŪΪı߷áܿǲǣ
лƵ϶У羪㡭
ңлδ˴̶ﻹҪϣǰԶƵعؾسΪʺ󡱻ܡ
ŲӣȻ߽лִļ侲˵
޴Ļ𣿡лһƴ֣žشޱȡ˼룬׽ĲʸС
Զϵ޷йվýԿƵĲʸС
ۺ鷿װ׵С˵ʲôҲƭԼǷ޶˴Σ̷鷿̫ͳͷԱ۾˳ȥ֪ĸ깹ء
Сǰ̫࣬ʵģȥܱܡҲѰ
ֻʺνֱָʵۣ׵۵ĵƵλΡǷĶôܶŻʵأʺҲУŵó⺰ݣݡ
죡ǳСӣл£Լ
㾡лͷüһЦŽָǿʺд̻ʵʲô档
˺òáӭŽֱ߽ؿڵƱѹðݣһͬݽȥĻƤ⡣
лüһֱĸоֱֱӽŵͷڶҲҶ𣿡
һջؽлɢ죬׸޶־ǴһҲûп|УȥüֵҪһ
лüĿǵĮᶨֱŶϣ֪ûлأлѾ
áת鷿Сȸ·
СӶٸнա̫ƽãʺϴһɼƣŻϴǡֻรʵǲҲﲻϣ
óһѱлɨһ۱ʼɣҾͲˡ
䣬һɫλΪӰǰ̧ȥлĹºˣС·ǽٵǽݶлһһʽ
ΪôҴһ٣Ҿܳ𣿡л׷Ŷϴһһȥƶϵ·һϸĿӣʵ۲붪ˣ㻹򡣡
Ͼ飬϶¶ĵɫ£л˵زȻ£
ֻ˼˼ȥ֣лԿȻΪȥǲϡֻܸлֱ⡣
սǷΧԽԽС׷ܣ۵վסȴǲһ͸ˣֻȥ·СŮ
лϽ䣬ԽԽ֪ʺұʵˣ
ʽصر¶һлͷʱȻղǱ㡭
һƺߣļͷȾһƬʺ죬ɵӡлߵΪ㣬Ҿ᲻𣿡
뼸磬ڶϼͷţлɴֱӰγһɱӿѪ
Сӽϣʱɫۼ粿ɼһֱ˳Ⱦ棬ϡ


89 
ǹ, лʶһ㲢飬Ȼ˿Ǳ, ƾҲƽƭ֮£
ǷģȻֻȥסͷѪ˿ڣлһ鶼, ˵ξͰ, ˿ֱѿ, Ƥʹָۣⶼľ
лͳӲմѪ, Ⱦİɫڶǰս, Űڵϣ⽣㡣
Ȥ, Į뿪
СƤסϲһؿʺڿʵۡúڲԶѲ, һ·׷ۺغǡֵõ˵
, ʺ컯֮¾д, ʵǡСǰסϰ, ūȸ̫ҽ
˵ʲôƿСԼվֱ׵Сס, ֻ۾ʺдޣ
ֻ۾Ȼֻ۾ˣŵ£Ѫۺ̸ʲôɵ, ϵ˼ǡ
Լײȥģʺθɣ̹ʹ⣬Ѫδֹסѹ˿ڵָ
СԾӲ̫ҽƣʵȻҪߵڰװӻʺ
лȥ·һֱڻЩ귢£ȢΪгһϷŪ
ϡȢΣʱոյǻһʥּܱ빬ûٽ븸鷿̸ãӦ̶޿תԼԺеͤ
ǰ񣬶һȢģл˪һӲġϡΪ˽Ƕ
в²⣬ͷˡһֱһ¾УҲԼԼϲ˭޴ŮżȻѾ£ڽҲͦãʱҲûʲô֮ˡ
ΨһԼ³çˣҵǸϲŮӣʲôϵʺ󣬺øڵطأ
ʺνǴѹļ˲Уϻ಻ӣֻлұø£ǷǺڰײ֡
빬»ҹʵЩŤųûи飬йһŮ֮£ǹ˾·
սһϡҲССһɶϳ֮ΣҪذ˯ˣ
ⲻ̣
ʧͻİô£֪ȷʵŮϲлŲỺֻ㱣̵·ϣζ벻ʲô
ȻһǡεİɣΪܲΪһơлÿЦлҸ嵨˵ռŻʺλãֻССĹŮҲһϵ¡
ϾΪôһС¶ҲǸŮӡ
һ·ţԽȻûкɫŵӭĹŮ̫඼ʧյĴݣսսعת֣±Ǩŭ
һ߹ȥЩŮΪѹʲôˡȻҴ̶һûҪ¡
ʲôǣҾҪֻڶһƭӣϵɷˡ
صϢѾ١봺һڹŮšؿл֣ʱϵĽѾ֪Ūȥˣл¶ɫȻǺԣЩ̷һ۾ܿĽ£ը˹һ㴫Ϣ顣
١ֹлƽʱ׽أʱҲ๡
СӵĴʹɫգᣬС첲СҶлǰڣСһֱŲء
СҶӴȵЦէȻлǰ֣ضסŲֱ۽СҶӱһЩСҶҲŬ߹ţлӷǣҲµûţ֪ôͻĺӣ˼ĸҾôסӵ֡
϶ˣȥ˯ɣлɨһСҶӱæֻԼڿܡ
˦ںĴ޴١ֿ֣･ƣСӣ֪ǺãֻСӵı˯
СӱСƺЩԸôСĺֿܵܵ⣬ֵܼлѾף۾ˡ
١̾ϢصͷСӰ˯ģ䲻֪ϻʺ֮ìܣС֪ʲô
Ȼĸִⲻǣ޹ӡ
лص޹Ĵ£ǰһС۵ľ봦СҶӵҡӣ˯࣬һ첲ܶӡ
ڴζؿ˻ʱҲǰ۸۸ģٺСġۣлֻ޲ûȥҪһС
ȷʵϲСӣԼµĺӸ˭ܱȵģΪһϵѪǨŭںˡ
леظеǰһ뱧ι˯ڶʱˡ
ƣϣ泯ǽһ档ֻпǽžǰһûзЩû֮¡
ʱԽԽãҲӷɣ֪Ȼ˯š﷦ʱлһ˯ֱܳ
һ춼ˡ
лӣʵ£
ֻһƷļ£С˯Ѻ󲻿ϳ̣˺üﶼС
̡лЩ£˯˼½ΣѺȻۣǾȶȻԵġ
˵и촽ɰͰ͵һлɤӣ
ǡлҲãȥ衣
Сÿ˯ѶҪ̣Աټ˯ֻ˭ιУιˮҲȣĲ
лȹɤӲŵŲ׼˵ġ
ĿɿڴлָŴѹŵһıӣҲߣԺòϡ
ٲҲ²ʺʵСС֣Ȼ˿ּѪͲʲôС£һأĴҡܵл̬Ⱥʶ˵ǡ
ΪʲôţŲ⣬˵ʧ̬һΣȴҲлһΡ
лѵѡ㵽㷴𣿡
סηӦţ˵ʲô˵
𣿡ţϲԭתȦΪô½Ůƫƫѡū𣿡
һֱ֪߹ĻʺΪҪСѾͷ̷ôõĻ׷ʣ
лüǵˣµûġ
̬Իһд龰ϵ㲻ҪʣֻǵԺﶼûĵطС
ǡǲ⣬ϵı£תȥ١֡
ǰлϵĲ˷һ룬⹬еӣĬĬ÷ȴ洫ҴҵĽŲ
١ֻ𼱻ǵشִٵ񣬡СѾûûˣڿޣôҲ岻ãɤӶˡ


90 
лкݺһ, ĺվԼۡһֻһǺӵƽĸףôǲǲˣ
١벻ײż, СŲգūҲò׼̫ҽɡ
лƵۣæرƫﶼסںܽļƫ, СҶιҲǱߡû·СҶӵǰ, ۿСҶӿ޵һƬ, Сͮͮ͸ӣߺߵĿСè, ٹ˲ʲô, ֽڻҡź塣
û޵ô׹лָСҶӵ, оеȣӦǿ÷ȣǲ̫ģʵ̫ҽ𣿡
, Ѿȥˡ﹧Ժ֮ɫ, ȻʺΪ˺, ûչ˺СӾС¡
ɳϵ, ʺֻӦһʾ֪֮󣬲δǼ, ֻСӣرŻ޵
лһ·СҶ˳һź, ԣڣ޲ޡ
СҶС죬طȻĲټޣֻֻСذлɫ˿ȹӵĨء
лҡǰСҶӵ߶࣬Ӧܱס΢һЩСҶӷŽҡСҶ˶ҡǲɿ·ֱӣȥСҶӵȭͷԣС㡣
ᱡɲܷСҶץŲţû׼˿ˡ
СҶޱȵ־ȻҲڴʱõϣɣӲĽСҶָһʱѲ
ȻʣѵСιˡ
л𾪵СҶӶӣ֪ôԲ۾￴һɾǿƺ˼
СҶӴι̵ģǲҪιιСҶҲûʲôôͻȻﲻˣ
١ԽԽпȻ򣬡Сӣˣɼ׽ء
СҶӵץסлǰ··׽סģĵױñСҶӵҪȥȺ򣬱ιιԡ
Ծ֪Сһʲô⡣лپСҶӾޱȣôСֻ̣ȴԼС˼
١ֺͼλ£뿪ĵظл´ᣡлȵ˶߹ֻʣСҶӲſʼ·СҶӾ˰˰Ķǣ۷Ź⣬ֻСŶ
лɹСҶι̣˱ԹԳԷڰģӦû
ȻԵúֱǸϸʡľ½лʱɴཫһڴϡ
СҶӵһһģָһһѾſģؿ˭˵СҶӵǳһЩƸԼСʱ࣬ȻŮӣôСֲŮ
ٸһЩο壬ٱŶӲ̫뵽ϡټˡ
СҶӻҲкһ֪ǲ֪ӱܣȻôĺӲ׽ƾűܵ׽ĸסлԼͷǨŭϾСҶϲȫǶϵı£ԼӴϣΣųԼĺӡ
л˼䲻ԾСҶӱøʲô֪ǧϣԲ𡣡
ỺֿСҶӵǸ̫Сʲô
̫ҽȺлСҶӳȥ̫ҽƣ֪º
ڸСҶӳԱлԼҲǰ󱳡˷˾ÿ϶ˣ͵С¹ͻ
лһ÷ޱȵڣ˶ڶϵĽŲѾͬѰϤ·֮˶ܸ֪õл꣬ȴǰˡ
ûȥӼݺװģҲɫϸȥĳȥĳԣûġ
ϵڼͷʹģŪлĮֱӡһɪһ⣡
ֻл£ΧһȦӣܲ˵ûķݶ˰ɡ
ʵûԹʲôˣ̫ҽ˿ڴʱ䣬ָҩ£ûҲʲô÷лֱ£Ӿûθڡ
лģŭҿ۾ۣ
Ͽɬ˵Ϊ˵㲻ÿޣֻ޿á
лһǰģֵһˣڷ·ԴҩһӲ̫
лŤˣ˵ֱǶţ٣ͷĬĬ÷
˼侲ԣƺѵõĺгϾʱлͽͣһֱҵ˾㡣
ۡȿȡȣлէȻ־㤵ĻֱӺǺɤۣҺÿסûһȻҲ¡
ȥȣϸıܾܾ
Բ޲ʱ˵ϸл˳š
˵лŹ׷ʶϡֱ˶ˣģ
ǲпź롣ָָлĸ첲лɴߣ¶첲Ǹǳǳĺʵ˵
š޼ǵ룬ǸŮӸ첲Ͼƶʱ׼ģɵʱΨһĺȴӡʶûȥ
лüϣ˱Ϲˮ׼Ȼ˲֮󣬵СҶˣ𣿼ֱЦ
ô˭֪ʲôʱ򿴼ģ̥ۣϿ϶ٴΣڲ˵⻰лջĿ⣬ٸ˷һЦ͵ƭҲɡ
ɵ֮ǺúŪģ
ģлţϲż㵣ûƭ㡣
һĲֵлأŭɶơߣǺ˼÷ֻΪСҶӴҴԼĶӶѡ
ϷʣҪſޣ
ΪҪ㣬ƭҵĴ𣿡лʵζ飬ôϲ룬бԼһ
ϣ޲˼
лһЦȥڵСҶ˯ûУʱһˣȻҹоڣٳٲ˯
ڶʲô˼Ų⣬ϲĲǸˣǸˣɰһѡ
лϸĽŲҲûˣֻרעغŸ˯ѣ˫۵Ķӡ
СҶż˶ˣòͻߵˣֻҪһۿл͹ɵĺܣЦ
лСҶӵƨƨĿǸɵģ
СҶϲץлøһɾҹ顣ӻԲСҶӵȭͷȦץŲȡϲʲôһͰӿеġ
һûҲýҪȥӵȴлֻһܵıӰįջ֣תͷлĴ˵ʲôͻȻÿտˡ


91 
һ, л⴦ڣ˯ıͷ£ƣ糱ˮһ, ˯ģ
ȴ̲סҡѵĲҪ
л׳Ƶϣ˯ĵض, ȥȥʹ, еԸ˯㣡
԰, лתϣСҶӽڴСһűСҡ˲֪ٱĿط, ڵ㵸, ѽѽ˷ܽš
л룬ԺŶ˯Ҳ
ȫ, ίԸСҶܹ׽׽᲻, л
ǡ
лСҶԹԵĸТ, ȫҪɷ͸ף
ϲ, ΪСҶлȴô, ҲΪӸ࣬лʱ, ̹ô౾㾭أ
ϧСҶӲϵ˼ƺûʲôܹߡһߣлﻹ, Լͣĳ⵱Ȼó
ߣӵȣҲΪʵûΪҪ֮ˣ˵߾ߣ
˶Ͼһлߣ´ʱǵᷳ㿴ҲͦݵģСҶռ˶ٵطܼµģ
лԿСҶӵϵĸͷţҲСҶôɣȷʵöࡰ󡱵ĵض
СҶӸ˯СҶӵҡպ˯ɡһ˵Ǵ˯˴ˣʶȤĻ͸øϽǰʧ
޾ɡ
ϸʲô˼伲ࡣǵû֮Ķӳɹλ
ãߡûʲôԸƽ˵תȥپл
лڶϵˬ죬Эϣǰ߳ţûл
Ȼ˶Ǻӵģô᲻ص˵ϼ̲ˣ˼Զ
Ŷߣл׼ϴЪϢСҶÿҲרŵָϴ裬ȵˮȥ׽ˮƯľСѼӺС˯ǰĻʱ⣬ϴʱȽϹԣһѴ
ôãޣͻȻÿлԡûãֲǰȥȽСҶ̳ȥι
ԴСҶŲҪֻҪ١ֱŴ򷢼պòˡ
ҲԼܲСӱʧ˼ֵһ쳣ġɹǣСҶֲιˣԵú١뼸λ档
١ָǿ޵С֮ˡ
лԡʱСҶѾϴɾι˷ĴϣſСӣСƨɡոСҶӿ˼ڿѾ£Ƕˡ
СҶ׼ЪϢһ춯ߴߴغʲôġ
Щ裬ˣֻһ˵ֱܷСӣߵ̫࡭ǾǶҲ棡
ôֻˣ
л·ǰ£±Ҵǰͷ̫ȥֻܿŷ⿴һˣǸ˾ȻԺ֧ˣ
ôģ
Ҫ֪˭ϳ⣬һˣ
ԺָӼСӺһϮ⧲شһ硣Ǻֻһ˸оˣ˶ûµӣ
ɵذţи̾ϲȰƫҪŻʺǻʺؽϾ֮⣬ϾҪ̸˯ȣĳɰ
һְǰ̫ܿŻϵ繬ĩȵĹŮ̫࣬һԴô⣬Ҳͦġ
һãм̧ȥƷлĿɿڴҪסӰ
ôô˵ġ
صһعţյػȥϢ⹷ˡ
ײĬĬ̾һ
׷ضԶ
գлڣӦѾϳȥˣ档
ǣΪо̣Ӫկ
Ǻ֣
лһſڷСҶӶȹһգȴ湬Ů̫ǵ˵ʲôʺˣӽʵ⣬ʵ۲ƽϣֺãɼǰ˶ֻлʺ̤ʵһƬġ
лһ۵ǲͬ˵¶һΪǸ塢ѳĻʺ󣬻ʵ۾ǶʮТ÷
ֱ֮л汻Цˣ׶ʲộ÷Էѹ
սթˣ
ҹϹȻϢϷ񫣬ûˡ
лŽסƵ˵ţ˭׼ģռ˴󣬰µĺܣ·㵲סˡ
ЪϢ㲻޲ͺˣϺ޹ģ˵л޿ɱĻڣ⣬ǻ治ͦã
л
δ˺޳֮ˣһϹ۲ŻöӢ䣬ſ
лŤͷߣûۿ
һֻſʱȻҪٹ۲۲ޣܲٸһλᡣ
ͣһº֪ǰĶвףŬҲۿ˲ͺ⹬ܲģ㿴ܲһɷ򣬺øסԣһڲ𣿡
л꣬ûлӦϣֻĬĬϵŸߡ
˭Ҫһڣ˵úƶȡֹƻһ˵ĺгһ㣬һеԴͷԼŶԡ
աագ϶ϣóʱڵһЩǲ׵ļ䡣
ָķΪӣϲΪζղ
лֲֻһΣôˣ
ϻӻɩǰϲߣëˣ˵ϣһɰ
ûбǹһͳ٣׳ʵϵëŨй
лˣǸСɿɰˡ
ȻҲͦɰֻǱƴһȦӣֱֻƵñָвлö⣬˵֮ϸˣ
ǰܵؽŵһԣִؿڼһľƣлʱ͸ֿµԼ֡ľᵽǰлͼʱ꣬ЩĻ
˵ԼǸҪԼ͸úšЩǵãӡԺ
ǣʵ㻹ǵ˵Ļ𣿡
лһʣƾʲôң


92 
л΢΢°, ۾߰ǰʵò֪ˣͣڰ޴ţɪžȻζл, ֻɨһ۱Լ޹ڣ˳һأߡ
ֱҲûлĴ𰸣ȷʵЩĻҪл, Ƕʲô֪, ֻ, ʲôлأ
һʱ벻𰸣Ҳûʲô֮, ǰﳼӿ϶, СӾ͸Ҫ˵ˡ
ֻŮ˲˽Ůˣǲȥר̻ɩһˡ
лϺȻȥ, ֪ȥʲôҲģֻҪ˲ܽĵطоͻЩ
СҶҲģԸﶼĺ, ֮һʲôҪҧڣȱǲܳԵĶ
лʼؽСҶ˵, ÿһ֡СҶһ, ֪ڸʲô, ظ飬СҶӾͻѧ, Ȼһܱϵڶлгɾ͸С
סססлͣؽСҶӽСҶѧ, ֻܷ
лļѧᣬڡʣûŽСҶӣպٿɡ
òϣСҶӵĴȵĹ͢ɫʣÿչǿһһӣֺСͶлһչر죬ͲʱһЩܶ࿴С
Ӧֻһˡ
һת㰵һգԽԽ̶ҹԽԽʱøȵò·
лһǰţСҶӱǱߵι̡Щʳǿлԣһץ
лÿÿ͵ɴ䶼йƵģỻ൫ÿһ䣬Զһһ档
л֪ôľնȥȥˡĪãһҲģΪûл
ǲ̫ȷʹسһڡưˣĲ
ȥҶϣպһ˾ˡлԷضţ㵽ûꣿ
һ֪лʺ£Ӳ⣬šüʣ㡭ϲ
Ӧðǻɩľ飬Ҫץסһ˵ץסθɩлദΣӦòµıȽ׼ɡ
ѵΪظûʸˣˣϧûȥѧµģ´ˡ
лֻ㲣Ӧ̫ˣЩùúæȥɡ
µŬ򣬸ᱻлһ仰ڶռ־ء³
лÿӭӲӾᡣСҶӣҪʳָĵģǶⲻǸŸ
Һûܳգˣ
̫ҽ˵һһȣ͹»ǣңԽãǼʵķݴȣϢȻУ׳ĵ˵Ͳˡ
Ȼ纮ֻСϻûɽĵزлӶߣϵļס˲ͺӣԼ͵ȥס
һղлֻԼ񣬺úϢ
лپɲ٣ǡֲǵʲô֢˿϶Ҫģô죿
лкȻðһ뾭ѵĹ뷨
ˬģлͬһ㱧СҶȥ԰ɹ̫һڹŮҪ̷лȴ˶̫ӰСϢճԱͲȥˣһͻŮҲֻ˱ɡ
̶Ը١֣¾ָСӲ·ˣǰﱾȥʽͲȥˡ
١Ӷһۣʵū澲ȥ԰𣿡
лأʲôеģһԼһ԰߻·ɣ
еҷ١Ҳ룬ֱʺܽ鲻̫ãѲСӿˣ
лĹŮһͬȥ԰·ǴСӵˣǻȥﱾȡһ°ɡ˹ĺСǵˣԼһҡ
⹬ŮҪȥңлһŮҲһȥɣһЩȻСһ˯˲ú塣ȥ԰ǡ
ǻʺ̷СŮò׼СһָΣֻ֮л˫˫ԭ·ء
һߣлӿŲĵߡ
˦һˣл·ϻöѲߵܵɫӦԣĿĵڹתתߣȴڲ֪ؿ乬ϴ|ǽĵط
ɲȥ԰ʹŶһšȻܳõؽһ⣬ܳȥ㼸Ҳá
֮Ƿ͸˶ˣʹ˱ɣ
ϴη|ǽҹīڵһƬҹɫ̫ĻǰȻҲһƬǽשߣֻǾһЩʹطû̫𣬵ȻĪϤУȶϴȥƻʱ仹Ҫ硣
һʱ벻̫ԶˡԲ룬СҶǽͷɨ乬ԺһӰ˲תͷؿȥȴû˺ۼ֪˭ȷһ˲䲻ǻþûпģӰɨĹŮ̫࣬ǸͨŮӣ乬ﾹȻס˵ô
ҲûʲôϵһԾ¹ǽСҶεл˷ܵضԶӵǳ
ԭǲСҶƿģҪô޳һߣ˭֪ʲô״Ҫ͵ܵġ
СҶӦʼţŲУ΢ôһͿʼޣٱŻ
лСҶӴǸ֪Ҫ׷ӣʼˡνĸı˰ɣǲ֪˵ʲôá
ԼģڹĬ⺢ӹˣҲǲ̫Ըģһ뿪Ǹˡ
⣬ло˳ˡǽΧе˶ѹֿƣలµѰնǳƵģй˼̻ء
СҶӶԹ⻹ûʲô֪лƫƧСֻ¶գۡлУߺռ̸Цƽӷ䶼ľСҶͻȻ˷
СԴתתôΧĶⶼʲôССԴװʡ
ʱǰһĸӣһָǸʼŬѽѽлע⡣


93 Ѱ
ǸźĳӿСҶǰֽԶȥ, Ŀ׷ŲɣӶлš黨ˡ
лĶŤСӣҶ
СҶ, ǿŸӽ˶ˣһλͷüë׵ĴˣС
߻վлǰ, ۺڴ, С, Ů֧Ǻ«ô
СҶ˶ˣֲͣǸϷȥץл, СҶȥ˼Ǻ«ץ, СҶڿûŪ̺ƬԵ, û׼ỮСҶӵ֡
лԥ˿˰СӣŮԲ, ￴ҲǺõġ
лûо˶СҶӵĴзҲ̫ûбҪ, СҶ濴Ǻ«, ߺšл, ֻһһ֧Ǻ«ˡ
˸ҪǮ, СӶһ䲻˾Ͳˡ
лһֱޣһǺ«СҶǰȥСҶӿͮͮǺ«ǸĲ˹, ϲɫ޵Ķͻˣ
Ǻ«ɲУлֻŸ׼СҶӼ޹СƢˡлЦһֲܳԣΪˡ
԰գлҧƱǿǿʼôֱҲۣܹСҶӡСҶֻؿһſϲĺʧˣȵֻʣһɸɾǩ۵һ˳
۸ΪֵлСҶίίؿ޺ĵشЦЦ˲СҶӣԣ״ȥġ
лСҶ͵͵ӻʹ֪ܳԼʵȥ̫ԶĵطܲܰɽˮСҶʲôĽҰӣöһҲлҲУϷ˿϶һ뵽ļˡֻܴСҶڹ䣬ܶ㿪ϼ㼸ա
СҶľˣⲻ֪ʹȻը˹лȥ԰Ů԰ûŻʺ󣬻ΪʺСȥطǷͷҹһȦ֮ĶûʺӰȥʹ鷿ΧĹ֪ûдٹʺŻ
ټĻʹʺСӶˣ
ǻŻŵͨ£֪󼴿̸ϢĴ١Ҳ¾ָϻżæţ²˭컯֮ܽʺС˫˫°ߣأ
Եñ࣬ƾлգΣղһۼٻд򶷵ע⣬ֻһܣԼġ
ʺʲô쳣ʵ
ʺÿնģ˵ʲôر쳣ֻŽʺʺϲᱡȹ˵̫ԼͲôˡȥ԰ū澸š
ŮȻһľʺū澻ȡСӵߣʵңڹ棬ū˺þòҵȥѰʺ󡣡
üͷչּ֣лӦԼߵûֻҪͻȻʲôΣգı԰һ˴źڹ϶಻㣬ܲһֱɣǵøϽȥҡ
ĸлʢŭ֮»ˣ̬ȺһЩ˺úõغ
ͳ磬˵һȥлʺǲˣԼȥˡǣҲĵңֻ˽ж
л޼ìܣֵ˾֪Ȼλƣ֪˴ŻΪлʹСӲ£ǰﳯһƪ¿ʲôʺ޵µĻܱ˵
ɶԼԼ⣬лΪأ
СӶһȲ裬ϣպȹҩЪЪɡ
ţ˻ϼհνԼ۲ҪЪϢ⣬Ҳϸ̨ףΪҸһϳ˼ĺĵطò˵Ȼߡ
ȻֻӹȲ輸ڹ£һ¸ʹĺˣ޻ѻ๫Ҫ
˵꣬߳ûлĵط
ܿȥһлңлҲһͷˮһ֪ǸƵĲֻ̫࣬Żع¸ֲ²лԽԽס
лԶٲѲ⣬òȥáҲ⣬ߴЩȥҡлԶһӦȥٸʾһͰִˣӦǲġֻܷļūͬһȥѰüȻңӦǿǣָȥˡ
ϵ֪лûȥлҺ󣬲û̫⣬ֻʺǴ乬ߵģ乬·ȥԡ
乬ͻȻ֣˾þ乬ŮӡһɫֲȹʱĶϴȹɫɫ̫ȣڵĲëߣҲ߻˼
乬ŷ˵˵Żʺʲô𾪵ʶźӷ|ǽŮ˭ĿɿڴζһЦʺ϶롣
һֻȵȥϢ乬ĵڣһǽŵĹӣȡѹŵԿ״򿪹ӣзŵľһɳλܱϳŵǡݡ
λﲻмĺǺЦҵͷΪֹ֮УЦóСصλֲϵĻҳָ̫滮һǳɫĺۼ¶ľɫ
㣬Ķ˻ʵΣǸס˵Ĺ¼ҹˡˣҽ乬ִѹμһţȻбӦϻʵȥˣǸĸûס޶Ҳȥӣ㣬㿪𣿡
Խ˵п⽥ʢﱧλڵתȦ˵ҵĻòá֡ҡ
лδִһ£ڹСҶӵĳԺйŮӦֻżȥһӵĸоι̸ûиˡ
չСҶӸĸӸ飬ĲУ˿ʱϢֻ⣬ʲô鶼Զ֡
ⲻСҶʪ˿ӣܵÿлֱͷȥ򲼡
ֻľ¥ȥһϷСҶһͬȻ¥Ļȥĳׯƥ޲Щˮ
ֵʱ¥÷ĿˣܲȶҲȲһɴ¥ȥߴߡ
Ń¥¹µĹ̨ǰߴˮ˳˼˸͵ֶŷ
ľ¥Ǿһõĵ꣬ʲôٹϳǳ¶ˣһϣҲ̫Сķע⡣
붩һŷСҶסúһȻƹȴ˵Ǽ䷿ͱ£ǮҲáֻίСҶһʱգҺֶŷҲҰãҲ⡣
¥طһİӴڷǰ̧ڰգҪŶ롣
лһ첽嵽ǰҪʲô


94 
лؿǰ, ǽ䱸֮⡣һɫ峤ű£Ҳðװ׾ǿʣ޹۾Ҳж, лȻҷɣֱƽһ
ӽŵ鵲סл˵ľ룬, , ʲôˣ
лڵڃµü, ֶŷˣҵǰʲô
´л, ̫ŵӡлֻͳƾٵǰ֤Լ, ˳ͳԿ״򿪷Ӳš
ӰЦŽ͵һ, סСڣ·ſźӿֲֹʲô
лڵǾһŷķͣͦģԹ, ȻǾ֮
˸ҲûʲôϵסԼĺ, ΪӶǸ, Ǹ, Ϊǰʲô뷨ӳȥ
δ£ֻµĺ, ֮ǰ»˭˷Ѻˡ˵Цһɽˬ֮С
ǡʱ¥С˽Ҫˮ޲, лŸСҶӻ򲼣ͬŶ˵΢΢ףȻطˣ㡣
ȥϣδŴȣ̽ģ
л첽ʱ򣬷·Ŵ˿һǣƳƤϸһСƬٹŮ毺ãָϸָڲһͲֻ֮ˡ̸֮Ȼ뵫ʧ񣬴Ҳƽܸġ
ǴŵڼҳĽС㣬ôһھס¥̷ŮûУ߻Ÿ벻չ˵Сޡ
벻ͨأ¥ȥ
лطʱСҶӿ޵ʪģˡȸСҶӲòӵٸϴϴСƨƨϸɵ򲼡ڷҵһѼӺ󣬴һƥ޲һ
ªСҶֻôպţôϸɸɾСҶӾˡ
ѾûԶˣлɴι˯ȵСҶ˯ѣʹȥ¥ĳµ򼸼·ϴ
СҶ˯ţлų¥ķӣʱŵʱ䣬ǹɶ̫ԶСҶڳԷȫûãֻΪ˺ӾܶһЩ
Һþ¥ζã̫ѹ
лϵɱڹˣΪ׽һ˵չ˺жѣһֱᣬǶһЩأ
ڹ˿ҲСҶӻϴܰСҶӶÿЦ
ЩնҪԼŪǲҲҪһۡ
ôˣлԼ˼ʱɫ̫ãҲ֪Ǹʲôʱҵھǵľ¥ǲһҪ׽عˡ
͵УϸոպȹҩЪϢ첽ϵ˽˵ʵлʺϢˣ
絥ϥ±ȭػϣʺС־¥ֶŷסˣ˶ƽ¡
лȻûгǣŸҲȷʵ߲˶ԶϵӦá
ûһָʾ̧ͷѯʣϣҪ̽ʺع
ãܾлǲߵģųлԭ£ȥСȥлѺ϶Ϊܣ֪лһӶⲻĽˡ
ҰżڰбʺСӼɣС±ûʺ֡ʺÿʲôޡϲ̫ڵصͣʵ˵Լ޲ӻʺֻ޹Ļʺѡ
µģ˵Ĳһ¶
ʶȤδƻʵ۸ԼҵɣȥţϻʲôԸ𣿡
룬֪лһǱæˣȻҲȥŻʺ󡣻ʺԼɢģ϶˭Ҳġ
ǡ£
лСҶȥһ·ССʽлϲĶСҶǸʲôӦ
ûѡȨл˵ʲôʲô
ʱлִ˲ƣظСҶӻ·СϻÿһЩǱöĸÿ
лȽľСҶӴʲôֱ߻Ÿ߸һûԹ·
СҶһδεرǹִϣϲףôҲƢģߺؿС߬Լ·˵ʲôҲл
úã첻ˡлţѡѵ׸СҶӣСϻСӵµСҶǰҪļ
СҶӸ֪ҪʲôżߵСӵǼлȷ·вϸë˳СҶӴһ
ڶգ¥˵飬лЩȣԸⱧСҶӳȥ䣬ھ¥Ҳ
л¥ڶѡһҰϺõλãһȲ㱧СҶλûܿһ¥ܼΧ˵ǰĹڵķӦȵ黹༸ָо
ýζСҶӱ׽ɫë׵ӷȥץԼϵöֻǾԼǰŰһĿӲ֣̬䣬ǵ·Ŀ˶ҪŲ࿴һ
лɵӵƨƨ㿴㺩ģ˶㷸ɵ
µǾùﻳеĺĸϻۡŵлϷ̧ͷȥŃ˿˵ı飬ֻòػӦΪڴˣ
Цнţ´Ҫ¥طڴ飬뵽»طҲģﲻҪ
лûⳡӣŸʲô޹أ⡣
ֱĿλ£лֱӼϱá
л˵Ļʲô˼ôӿŷǰʲôȻлֲٸߣֻõл
ȻתͷרĿ¥£˵һ̻Ůү鰮¡ܶͣŮٶ鰮ִ˲ƣ׵İ𣬵һ˵ҲǱȤ
֮ǲҲ˵˿еĹ£֪ʲôȥ
ǳ˼䣬Ŵ˼͵ﱧŵŮӿƯ𣿡
ǃסһҲŶԡ
л𾪵Ŀ۵СҶӣǵһα˵ŮˣֻóǸк
ŶֵŲţ⺢ӰΧһȦë֧ö䣬ôɰܴ±ϵҲǳģҲĸоԺǸӣ⾹ȻǸкӣʵܵܣ
лٴξҵĶӡ


95 Ͳ
ӡ, лζ˰ʵεɤӣ, ԭǹСӣʧ񡣡
л޷
ֽעϣ˵װΪƽĻү븻һ̻֮Ůʶ, 㺡
ⲻʶȤ, СӿͲ󡭡⺢ӿҲͦС, СӦ»û೤ʱ䣬ôһ˴źء
лӦ, Ͽŵ˵, δ˫ʮ껪Ȼᡣ
Сûʲô˼̸, ҲٶԣСǰĲ豭ȲҲרע
ݲزס֮Ǻ£ĵλʹǵη
ɻԸ, ؾΪ顣Ȼûĵ۵ڵһϢ, ȴҪΪ檵Ļ
лֻʱ, ôιأ
Χ˵Ե۷׷, شлСΪתȻԤϣ֮С
̻֮Ů, ܸǵĴҹȣүһ֮λϻ¡
лԽԽǱ, ˵ڼȻίȴǱ򶯣ĸԸϸŮһʷļױԶȥԺ۸
ĲǮĨƽģҲҷѹ޻֮ǷļױҲٳϵ
лһϣԾʧ̬ǰĲ豭͵ع²ˮԼɲ軹Ƚ̣Ǻ
һǾţδϿ˵СӾȻͦ׺ģôˣ
СϵĽֲãԶŭôŲ²⣬ͼ͸µ˿Фӵı顣С˶ŭĪҲʲôĺ
ٿֻһ˴źӣȫӸ׵ԽԽԼӽࡣ
Ȼˣл̲סһ˾檣ʲôа˵үôģ
ʹ˷Źϣ˺ôһЩ
СӾǶԳϵĵλ档ŵһЦʿụ̃ĩ˵ģ¼ҵۺ񣬸䲻ϻ䲻ϡ
һתʵѵСӲ˵λ±𣿡
ᰡл͵󲿷ֵ̻ģû͵ûǮĹ󡣶Щ̼ܴһչͨṩıʽܸƼҾʹذոԣ㿴ϵĳ£ǵİӲġ⣬Щ̻ÿҪɲ˰ӯǿǳ˺ܴһأ
űΪС̫ᣬ鰮ȾŻðƳŻΪ˵λҲ࣬һоݣ鰮ްָϵȻʵ뷨в̾СӼ
ֻ˵˵ѣʵʲôлЦ֪ЩʵҪ鹦ڻСҶڼ䣬ϸۡЩȻϾɣѧٶ֪СҶӻ˶١
źԼ֪Сӵ֣ǡСӡĽУ̫ʧ񣬶˶أɲУʵСӣ¸γƺ
л룬Ƽˮ꣬˵̫࣬䵭
Լеһ֣㵱ʱݰɡ
ϸϸƷζĻ֣ʲô
˻Ůӣ÷ƺŶԣСӵıղϡ
ùʲôлȻԸ⣬ӰôôУСҲС
ǸС㣬ʧ񡣡Žæ
ӼɣҵôطˡлСҶӵĸ첲ſͷ¥
Сߡ¥¶һǰлùĲ豭Ծ
СƺԽЩϤӦǸϷ˰ɡ˼Ҿϵˮƽ̸ֹӲССģ·Щ˶һ˵СǷ
ǽһļŵ֮ŮڼȴͻȻ⣬ѲǰʱϷֺµ񣬼ֻʣԼͺԴżҵ׵Ͷݡ
㽿ŮҲ̫ˣʱʩܶȴҲûܰﵽˣŲɵͬ顣
Сסջ˳ǻûҵݣݲԸǹ¶ĸĽ͸ˡСӲ̫ᾫϸӵӣھס¥ǮܸһӵķãȻھǹһլԺǳ֮ơ
ԽԽ룬СߵǰҲûܻعֱүү
Ųź̧֪ͷ
үôⷢأһȦſͷ¶Ȳ˵Ϸֲˡ
ĸ˵ʲôʣȻĸ֮˴²룬Ȼ
˴ȥ˵أ˳ý˸˵˼С㣬ȫǰҪҵģʲôԲУϸܱһͷд֮С
ĸҵЩˣüëһţֱţ˵˵ЩҪǻ뿼Щ£ĸ׵ִŻѾȻĸѰҪ֮ˡ
ʵĮȻ˵ھǻҪδɣҡ˼ٷ˼ˣھԼһϲġ
ǰ޷ӦүÿӦϷ˶һ仰ֻǻطˣһɲˣүгɻˣ
šŵͷһĴȣȥϷдţһϷ˸˻ˣ
лո˯СҶӣǰ˵һ޴ĽŲȥҺûСҶӡڵСô£һҲء
ҡҡͷСҶһͬ£ԺϣȻ֮˾ھҲûȥ¥ţȻҲԼ
лͷĴգգ۾СҶ˯ɵĺʹҲƽ˼ƾ϶Īִ϶ô׾ͷŹģڴʲộ
лƺûп͸ʲô޼ദһ֪꣬ҲֻЩ׿˵Ļ˵ģ㲻
СҶӵиȾЧлҲЩ룬֪Դ˯£ȻȻСң֮䷢ûƬΣһ˯ʱϲʱԺرξôҲѲСҶӵĿʵ
Ī˯ȴһɣлԼﱻ˸ͻȻСҶĸоⶼǶϵĴǸ˼ȥɣ
лСҶӻ򲼣һˮɽԼ·ʪˣлֻø´СϻƤ·͸¥СȥԺϴ
ǮһסϾСлڵСȴûж˵ʲôл͵ʱĬˡ
ʱл϶ûĲ˲žԾʹˣ
ȡ·СˣǸһŷĹ˵Ҫл죬͵ġ
л𾪵ǽ桪һŷõǽ


96 ׷
л˵, ʲôҲûĶãǹŹ, Ѳ˳ȥɣҳԲġ
͵ĶϾ̣´μһҪЩʲô, 㲻ûؾˡ
С, ȲһŲ˲СΪѵЦ, ȷʵǵĹء
лǰ˸һŷȥɣֻԼŸС, ʵǲҪôࡣ
С˸ոһŷϹ, ˸ҲУ͹ȥⲻ
, °ɣһŷĿСһҪ͵ΪСˡ
лʵڲɣԸصаɡһСҲȷʵûʲô, Ǯ¶ѣǲܰ, ѡƲ͸һŷ, ϡ
С˵ͷתת۾, һŷĿ˺ֹˣǹӰλеķ, ס˶ǹͷϣ⻨Ǯˣ㵽λӵϡػڸʲô
ֻǸ, ֻҪ׬ǮҲģδлֻˬӦ
лһˡ
գżԼͬˣ˼⿪ͷ˳
һֱл˳עĶδһ͸˸Ϣ
㱨ʺ־¥ͬһסúܽ
ϳʼʲô¥ӣʲô˶УŮķ䲢δл˭¾˭ģԱסˣɺϰˣȻĺסˡ
ߵҲܽͷһڻʵǰ˵İͣǲÿڣ⻰˵̫׵Դ
˵ʲô
ȻϷŭˡ
ҩ룬οģǵҺʺмԴΣ
С۹۱ǱǹĬˣ޲֪ܶһЩǻͻȻæȲ裬ǵϱ塱
纮أ̫ҽ˵Ĳ£Са̾Ϣǲ֪˵ۺ˺á
ڶ²ò˵Լݣʺһ飬鰮£֮˻Ʒ
ϻûһϲ͵һαϣŵСӽеϡ
ôʲô޺أһСӣڼѵԣȻƾһ֮ʣлȷʵͬӹ׽ˣҲֻһŵжϣš
ĵϸлǲµˡһ㣬иеٰο̫ˣʺ󲻿ܶʲô˼˱ʺɣ˳ӵݡ
ð˾лǰΣ
̧ϾȻ˴ݣɼʺ겻Դ⣬Һûϲŭ
ּ繭ӹ£δʵԲõɫ
ˣСӣҲûʺ˰ɣ
СӾ˵Ȼʺϲˣ϶ǵġ
СӸ̵ȴǻʺһôɴ࣬ʲôģֻǲ˵˻ϵİˡ
ϰرŤգȥع
лһҪߡһɩ˵֮ǰƵл̫ǵᷳӦʵ룬ǰʧһܻ˵һϾСҶߵģǵĺӡ
СҶӸոմ˯Ŀ֮ף۵غллæǰλǰСҶӼûʪӣһֻ仹Ķ
Ųֻ;˵أھ¥ЪЪžߵӣһס־¥ķͼռ任˲ˣֻǶ״򲻶סһŷͶŷ
ŷпŴżͬž¹ӽһŷģģЩ˵ʲôǮ֮£˽ˡ
ⷿӸ̫ãҲǸ⣬ŵǸʲô֮ˡ̫룬СҶι̶ĲɣϸıԽԽᣬֱıҲСҶӲ⣬ֽ
лϽع壬ԣϲˡ
ι̵ʱСҶϲ۾ҲͷȥӣСҶӻܿġûѹСҶҪ֡
˰ʱöⵥǾ̸ˣ˸öһЧٿҪҪԼ
áˡƹ١ƹû޵ˬˣ
˸ոǩЭ飬ƹ١ƹҲպãҪǣȴͻȻλ
ƹɻضס漴̫ӲҪڰɣ
ǿɲɣǰֶֽԼ˵ġ١ƹҲš
иҪ̶λ
ʲôѵӣƹ񵱼Цʣʲô˵
˵渵
ƹ١ƹֻϣֱţ㡭㡭һСѸ
ʱƹžԼʧԣ˵Ĳ̫ʵҲû˵ʲô㵱ϲϸǸźӵĿŮӣ
һ˵ŵ࣬ʣǶǻ֣̽Ҹ׷Ůӡ
ƹһ֣һָŵصʶˣ
С˸л̧ˮ˳һСӵлͷ̫õԤУָСǡ
һŷĿ͵ģ˵ĺӿɰ̲ס͵СЦǺǵؽ·ллӦΣֵĲ¶һ㣬ÿζв·ء
лһѾС鸴ӵȥһŷķšһţлŃ鲻Щʧ
лСʵΪΣ
Ϊʲô濴ʺСĺӴ;ˡƫͷ¸Ń˿ǲֱǰŮӡ
ƹ⣬˺ӵŮ˲ͬڹŮĶ鰮󲿷˼ںϡСдʲôḯ֮飬ʵڵģúõĶĺӣҲټЩǡ
ҪӺһЩģϾҪӵˣСԸĻ
ȻǸкռ˳ӵλԺܻЩ⣬Щ鵽ʱн취֮ǡСԸ
лɻؿűǧ򻯣Ȼʲô˵飬˸òǶ
лôˣ⻹粻֪أŻŵؽŻһصԼķš
Ȼž׼С·ƹǲƭ
лδСҶһ֪ˣֺǺǵصл֪ԼˣţŸӣȢ˭òС㲻ãôˣ


97 ʹ
˼뻹벻ͨСΪ˿ܽĺ, ѵֵ̫ˣӦðʲôû˵أ
һȥƹΪ׷ŮӼɵı, ˽һԼ˶١ƹƹֵΪıߡ
ƹŴɻĸ̣ɸֵҡҡͷ, ̾һ, , ôˣû˵ľ衣
Ըꡣ̡
Ҫ˼СѡСӺͺӺ, ôҲ˿, ˼СӿƵġƹƲƲ죬٩ͲԼдšСӿӴ㼫þʹҰɡ, ǲǣ
ǡйصͷСôϻ۵ֲϹ϶ʲôˡ
òƹٺһЦԼ߻Եľ, ͳҵװظ֧УҪСӲ֪ʱ, һýСӵȼü֮СӺ淢, һ뵽ȻиĬĬŵ, ǲŻжķǾޡ
˼׹һ
ƹٽ, 㣬˼Сӵĺȱ·õͣ
ţȱ
Ǻӵ·ղȫϳ˵·, ɼСӴδԼĺӡ
ǲ͵ˣƹİ𣬡һ·ʵǸСӸòϵĶѹ˼㣡
ҶˣűһﾪѣȻʣл̨
˸߲ңŶƹм֣˷ܵظǺ־¥
лСҶھ¥ǰֵĽСﶬ磬仯ܿҹ䣬СҶ˯ʵ߱ӣеҹ糳ԼȻ󻹺ûϢؿҪױ⼸նܴȥŷˡ
Ǹﲻסӣܴڷûʲô񣬻ǵñߡ
лСҶ·ţǸźС
սΪ֣̯ıƽն٣ຢͯڽ֮У¥ﶼ۷׷׵л˵ɹʹǰΰݣպýǽӣӾ¥µٵ
ɹÿһΣл⻹Ƕϵǻǵһ˵ûعһͬΪʹ磬̸֮£һعȥźӳϲŲʣɼҲô֮ǰνԼŪÿԭ¹Ȼװģ
ǾöԼŰɣôͣƭתҸӦһɹʹҲ¡
δ뿪ʹôãõЩеˡ
лİõȴʺΪΣѵɶʵʱ⣬Ҳ֮ܿܿͨһֻһڵǶϣɽҰȥˡ
˼ʱţһɹʹĶ¥·лҲͷһοɹ˲ͬں˿䳤װϣڲԭ壬Զһװ
ǰǱ٣лϵáƥͷϵӦɹʹһһŮŲףɹݵλĴ
лͷϴŲ֪ƤƳɵñӣɫëΧڶ˼ҰԡǵķװŮҲƤƣһƤȱůҲ̫ء
ǵķɫҲ뺺вͬлϵɫƫں죬ϵƤǰһСɫǸŮӵķɫ΢ǳһЩڹĺŮӻԶһ뺮гˡ
Щ˵Ҳ̣ŮݶŨȻܿ뺺˲Ѷá
лӶ˼ҹ¶Ĵָָ㣬и˸͵ɵüǲɹеĴŷʽˣú˵ȥʲôлԼĽǰ޾ӡ
һܿӾ¥ǰ߹лջĿ⣬СҶӻŴ߶ȥͷΣյضСҶЦЦ˰ɣúҩˡ
СҶ¶˵ȻҲ֪һһڸʲôÿιĶ飬˼סˣ
ٿ˶źںҩףСҶӵЦݽľˣȻʧ
۰Щݺӵлκۣһ־ܰסҶСһһ׸ιҩȻ٣Ǻôιȥ룬Ҳˡúʦా˰ǸСҶġ
СҶӺҩڳؿޣίлű塣ͻȻҲ˷纮Ķϣ֪ûУһ˲ĵĸӡ
յлϢ֪Ӳ˾ĵúܣԼķ纮û̫ҽȰܳҲٹ˲ʺͺӣûҲˣ˵Ĳء
СӽͨϣʹѾں£ֻټ
ɻɫ̫õӣɹʹǲʲôСŻʺعʹָܻۺгӣǻᣬ̫ҽͷۡ
ռ񲿵ȥšϳӣÿնѳСɽۡ
СӱҪ£̲סǰ˵һ䣬ϣū޼ȥѰʺȽϺãʺڻ˵ġҪϵþˣʺˣѰˡ
͵طӣȻС˵ô
Сŵ̸Ŀڣūأū˻
޷°ɡϴСȥȴ̲ס˼ĻɩлʱȥңС֮㣵Ҳôֵ
Ϻ̫׵ӡɩԼҲûʳֵ׷ɩɩһֱ֮ˡСӣû׷ʲôŮӡ
ԾظԼĿڣԸԼһΡԼȥлģ
ÿÿҹл뺢ӣлܽ⿪Ľ޾ɺãСҶ׽ܱ׵ǸĿڷµˡҪǲȥлǸлΧڣ
ȥڻ·
СҶÿγԹҩҪһһԣлıĥ޲ƨһ٣Լ᲻ôֻܱ˯˯˾ʵˡ
ڰй۲ãлǼֵӣĦȭƣνʱˡ
лǰɻʵСôˣĿʣһȦɬҩյУװ֪飬С㲡ˣ
ǡлڽ͵ˣúóҩ
ŶʱشӻһµСӣǹͲˡ
лǹһſŻСǣڰֱʾҪܳῨסɤӡ
ţˣ
Сĸ
òãллӵĺ⡣лȻܾСҶûأɲζҪôСϲϳǣԺ鷳ԸСҶιҩҲֻιˮȥȥĿζˮá
ǹ޵εջأôӻôҪעģ˼ǲܡ
СҶԱǰװɫǹסȥץлεȰţɣԼԵıˡ
лûһ˻װô£ֻԼϲãȻе֣òزʡ
ţǣСӣ治
СҶӿûˣƢ֮ǰŤͣлƲסСȱط㡣
Ż㱲ԼңǾȻ˷ãСˡ
СźȻһ庢ӾԺʹлûڴԵƬ̡Ҫҵˣ


98 
лСҶӵƨɽ, ƴˮݺķţ׵ѵ㿴㣬СӺ޿ľ鷳, ٿˣ
СҶܸܵϵɷ֮⣬ίί޵øˣ۵þ¥Ŀ˷׷ײĿ, Ūлɵշ
⺢ôȴڶﻹҪѸ, ʵ̫սļˡ
лֻֿʼСҶӻһ, ôСĺʲô˿Ҳʲô, ̫ļ, Ҫ̫ˡӲҪޣԵϲĶ, òҪĶҲЩȻȻķӦСҶҲеģûʲôȻΪͷۡ
СҶӵı, , 㲡, ǸҪûҵ, ȥߡ
СҶӺ۾תתȻգ͵ĶԽԽ, ٲȻ۾ҪˡлһСҶ, ׼ط䣬˯Ǳ㰲ˡ
ʱŲ֪Ÿʲô˵ش¥ľʵ¥ݱȶָ֨֨ߣС㣬ĺһϲ
СҶ۾лĵʱް
лѹסĵ׵ĻͿƵЦãҪ뺢ӻط䡣Ҫ
С㣬𼱣ұ֤κһ̶򲻵ִغκСȫ
лŵĲһľƵĺӰˣûʲôȤŶӾҪȥ
Ȼһ࣬ԽɵͬκһػͷȥǾȻеĺӷ滹һȹӵŮת
л𺳲ѣⶫȷʵֻ˵һߡ
żлŲסپϷСһͬ²ŵУԶú棬˳ӻһ
СҶӾͷһضźС˶лϸع۲źӵĽṹд濴һСױƣﹹͬǽĴ͹תͲݣתͲתʱ͹ĵᲨݷһ׼򵥵
ǣлףתͲΪλԼת
һԿ׵Ķȵͣ£лǰԿײӵײתȦתתδٴ
л澪̾ѣǾ
Сϲ㡣ŽеԿһͬƵǰ̯һơ
лɲգ̫ˣҲҪ
źӣЦǸרڲͬҼˣⶫС￴ϡ棬ʵԭһͨ洦ɼûСеôѵġ
лЩóײ̫˽⣬˵ǿ
Ÿɴٸ˵øϸһЩڽϲɹвƥ˰Ĺȣ۸񷭼ʮҲģĹʿΪӰЩԼĶͬԵؼ۸زͽ߳׬⡣
лȻ벻һֵ⣬Щ̼ͨҲǵͼ۽߼۳ǶѰĶһȥҲ׬̫ࡣù֮Ϣͼͬļ۸£ҪԼͶʲôһˣֻǼ򵥵ܻ
ԵضһͣǾһıֶΣôװ׸ĺ𣿡
ΪС㣬˵Ҳ޷ŵЩε̻֪ҵĻԴСҪұܡ
лûлӦ䣬ƫͷȥеĺ壬һתʵһȥܶطɣ
š΢΢αϣػЩ֮أʮ游׳㣬ʱƮԶܿ콻֮ĵ½ء̺еһڵ㣬ʱҾƬҵжԶܲȥһҹ͵͵ŲüĴˡ
лȻʱŻŵţ̲סʵ㲻ںʲôˣ䵽ﲹ𣿡
ѽ̹ȻϣЦһʼҶСȥ˵ǽҲֻԵģҲͣʵٲ߶Զ;ûа취취ҵĴĸι̣еײŸԶС
㻹ǸˣҲˡҪҵĺçײ£лŭظ̾ţСҶȫ֪ʲôֻС˲˾Ϳʼע⡣
ֲŰת˼ȦŻȥȥϷȵĺǼϡŹֵĹӺ࣬ȥ˷ֻ˳߼ұǸǮķӡ
϶ǴΪͿһҲ±ˣҲӣԼѧϰĹȥԼԶĴֻϷĺѾȥ١ڽϿһӣĸ
˵ġòŸɣлƲţŵֺĵص㣬Щ׷ĲƷɲǷŸ
ϵŸ£ٴٹ֮ͣȥԵƷ׽ڣ˳ɾǴŸµġ
ǰˣŸĶҡ
ü΢΢һЦǣС㵱Ǽʶ㣬С궼˵
ӹǫˡл
ŵȻҲڶ֮ԶĵطأããҷȥѾʲôˡҿʼԶȥһ·ҼɫˡϷĺ֮뺺˵໹ǱȽƵģֻЩϵ޷˿òҶ塣ԽߣЩǺ˵òԽԣ̵ٵͬķɫɫ۾С㣬ҵһμ˶¡
лŵĻ벻ǰ˻ʲôģȻҲ޷ʵᵽ˵Ŀ־壬ŵĻһ״Ī𺳣òǿһеĻһꡣ
ŵѾȫһһֱȴ£ұøáĽͲͬھլԺ֮еĹŮӣÿÿһ뵽ЩһӶûμŵŮˣÿıгһ߱ƬɽȥƬء
װ׵ظƬԶֹôǸģδŵ硣
еľδĹȻŵģֻǾϡϡҼмûСãҲûʲôСӣⶫСһԵˣĺҲϲЦɰɡ
лſСҶѾץסǸУֻཱུСţֱΪСˣܾĻô˵ڣǡǱлӡ
ִСҶӵָŪһȭƣлл
СҶӺٺٵЦţлŤСӡ
лȻʵֻһлǶһЩڵ϶׬١
´ΰɣδŲˡлǰ̯֣Ҳεӡ
ûСӣⶫԭҲһ䱦ոΪձȽϸӣûܴͶгҲǺķѲٲԼղŵģ͸СҲֵˣ
СҶŰƤܴܣɼòˣлǸӺȹҩ̫ˣҵô¥ˡ
˼ӵҪƨˣл;ĨӣҺź⣬ͬһ¥
лǰŶ룬ոתȥţе󷽴һǿƵ˭ĻУһϤ𣬡һĵã޿һõȣ


99 ζ
лȦźܲ, ﻹźӣûٰѺŪ˿ɲУСҶӿǷϴ, Ŷϣңɿ
粻ƫƫʱ, лֻȰСҶӷŻشӦ, , ԽԽڶлޱ, ôܲͷӡ
гζ, µĿܡһлŲ岻ͷԼԴ, ѡлʲô̸˵أ·ڳδһıȻһ֮, δл۾磬ǷԱĵҲȥ, л, Ǹȴԡ
ȻΪ, ֻһڹ֮ˣֻܱӵлһͬ, һءһлУһϺĴ֮ˡлĳ˼ĺȻĥ㲣ǿҵֺݺݳ, ޷޲ƽ˵ĻһζˣԸ𣿡
лصɴ۾ͷ˵ʲô
˶䣬պ۾ûõСҶӱѣ޺Ϊ纮ɳƵɤʱԵøһӱݺݾסлġ
лٹ˲ʲôһ߿ϽСҶӱشűӿޣҲԼЩ֣ǰӵĶͷôȴлݺݵش䣬СҶƣ൲סеߡ
Ǳ֣ŵǲҪ˺òãѺſˡ
лҪЦˣǱǳſ޵ģǶϵŪ޵ģڻ壬˳ÿλã
ŲҪʰ̯ӡ
϶˵ǰϣӵСʵϵø𣿡
СҶӲɾϵỨ۾¶ǸлܳЩˡСӼǲס⣬ɶϻ̲סᣬӰ֮תͷһ˵
лͶжûеλˡ
лһѹѹƽϺʱģһȿֱСҶӵĴǰĵؽ˵ӡ˿ȴЩۣƫ߲ŵʲô
ޡȻ㡣תϻû˵лعĻ룬Ҳ֪лȥ
ɹʹΰݣ㲻ҪҲϯ𣿡лʵ֪ҪΪɹʹ硣ȻزϣϸҪϣþǱ뾡Ϸ֮ìܲӰ¡
ϴʱҪع䲻ԸԲܾ빬ʱϷ곡ϷĴĬѾˣҲ¶
δ϶ϳĬһŵ棬޳鱧˼;ͺá
ΪΣлȵؿŶϣôõĻᾹȻã⻹
ֻһεؿЦţ޲㣬ڻȥ϶Ҫ޵ˣ޿ɳܲ𡣡
СҶӺ˯лסްɫɹ˷ǰȻһֻǼ򵥵ЩֽǩԼǼλ¾һжҪƷɹⶨԼ֮ء
ɹǷԸƽǸ⣬˽⵽ɹ׼ɹİոǹսҪûָܻȻ°ٷϴ˵̯ӵʱ¹δõĸࡣǴŽύ֮ǰȻԱս֮£ҪһЩۡ
һιȻʵһԶɹһָ˭أ
ںеɹʹҲڿǴ¡ƤȹŮӽںãֻԼֳգ磬һǶ࣬һ粻ֲܿᣬֱʱ£¹¼ǳ𣿡
е䵶Цãʤ׷˵һ̲Ƭ
˵˵㼤ѣɹһ굽ͷ󶼺ů͵Բ̫ʺϸ֣ȻԷΪվԴѷ̫ࡣǱĥһҰζֿຮ֮ġ
˵ӿ̫ˣһСԵúôůҲһӡЩָָĸ¶͹ˣⲻ֪һȭܴſһ
ȣҪ⡣ղδһֹֻۣǽţıɲڽϿЩƽգǹҵһҵľǷǿʢ̽̽ס
ȲΪعҲñǿȥοпʤֻҪûǴµġǸԻ󸸺øˡ
ǸŮӣȵֲԾսȭݺϡŮӹ߻һģԻ󸸺ɹŮӲͬòڸŮи㣬֮ΪƫǸŮˡʲôʱֻҪǸŮһޣһĸŮӲʶô۸һֳĸ״ûоΣűá
СŮӣڽϱЩŮ˿һָָʱⲻ֪ҲŮˡ
ҷǸŮ˴ҰͲŮһʣƬ¶ɹġ
ƫҪһǴʲô⣬ƲƲǲмЦЦһǸӵע⣬Ҵ򷢵ֵطٲ鷳
ȣ̲סѵµáԸĵĺӵûرǿҵĵִ˵һŮӰˣ˳費ϲһԣ뫘Ļ٣⸸⣬Ǹıѡ֮·
գڹӼɹʹлҵϣлĥʱһ˽ˡ
лէȻǰŮЩʵŮԵЯӳǵûһ˶ÿȹϵϣٿﱧźӣҲһһչ˺ӿ϶࣬ʱҲ˵̫صĻֻһۣ׵ôʱ֪ˣ
лЩµӣ±ֻ
лò֪˵ʲô־úЦɣɩӡ
лСɩӲˣЩĲŸϻδСɩûãķˡлСɩӵֻСҶӵ϶Цһ̾ͱ
л˻𼱻ǵȥ֪һ뽫лҸҲöȻšɵ˰ҲлԶֻС˻һ仰ɹС䣬ʵڻز


100 
лɹʹȻҪ, پ²ʱˣ³çޱȣŶԴɹʹеŮϿɿŷͼֺøС
Сɩʹ̵ģ, ۲ѣϾʹԼǰòǿҲʹȥôСϰٲÿĿһһԹٿ, Сɩ֮, С϶ûܹʲôƤ֮, ôһǿҵʹ϶ҪѰ
ز𣿡ʹ, ϶شм, ۽üҾʧ֮ɫӦһʱҵġ
ɩӰ, û׼һӴſûɫʹȻܿͻˡлս֣ο, һ仰ͽЦ
ʹЦҲǿ, Ȼ˲, ҵ٩, ǲҸҲ
šл, ϸϸػԼʱʲôоʲôȻֻһ˵ľ, Ѿȫûоеġ
̹һʹԻɫԲ԰׵زͷͷϣлҾ͹ˣ
лݸһЦǴ֪˿Ҫң
лҵĲڸкд͵áһʹиչеĶ޲ˮȫãɵ׼һУ͵źӳ
лǲ̫оӣƺеΪǽţеذοһСɩһĸƽġ
ԼգСɩӸպţָǱǴŵ˲ŻôţԼҪ
СҶӱֻС첲ڳֶɩӣܿҲôɰСˡ
šСҶӣ;һ⿴һ㶯ûУˣһͨġ
СչȥлֻҴұСҶȥһ䷿ιһ̣ʱ䶼СɩߡСҶ̫Сڲֻңչι֮лͰǼ䷿Լ˯ȻŻСɩӡ
Сɩӵӹʵ𾪣Ҳ̫˰ɣСҶӶǵڶղСɩӵĺӼֱǿӱ޵Ҫ
⡭ǡɫǣлҲҪŵСɩӣÿ첻ǺСɩӿԼҲܵ
ˣҲ޷̣ܲźӲɡԸ֮ʲô⡣
лû뵽֮Źûã۵ĿͳˡĿէȻ쳹ڣһɳľǿ޵ü˭ڵûӦôͳˣ
лԹȻСҶӱȽѸô
Ǹкϲϲùӣ˷ܵرźӸڵлл˰һۣѾߴȥϴˡ˵ϢȱҲ˯ȥȹһٿ
ټôģⲻǺ£Խ˵̫ģһ
лŵĻָСɩӵܻ̫ãСɩֻӵһ޺ʱЦһ£ֻƣ۵ϣ۾ԽԽ۵÷
ǲ˵˯лյɩӣҸȡ𣿡
ӣһ񣬡ûأ˵кŮҪһȡ
ǿ̫ˣСɩĲɣҸҲǶˣǾϸѡȡһܺáлʱȡӾûۿСҶȡѹأöϸ˺üβѡһģ
߷ߵزھҪԼȡ֣Ҫˣ˵õĻҲ˻Ȼ֪ɼʵǸϲվһӵźûô׹ȥ
ҲãлЦȴֶѾֶˣƺûʲô²֪Ǹʲô顣
۾˺ܾãõлΪ˯ȥˣ£ɩӣ˯
û̫⣬ֻԺзȥ룬˲֪ٸ֣ջ˵һԺг֣ҲԢΪؼ򵥵һͽСɡ
飿л۽ǳ飬ǵ
ں磬ҪεЦǵһۣŭ
ԲסлЦۣһȫͬĺ壬ĵһӦȻǸɵģѹޡ
뵽лЦ⵭ȥɫǶǸûĻİҲ๵ȥˡ
ʱлĸ첲Ľѣ㶼֪жңϵʱһ
˵ϣл̫ĺӳŲӦõҲûöá
ǣѲҵ˰ǿЦЦԱһȣǲǾûҲǺܺõˣ
Сɩ㲻𣿡лɫתƻ⣬ˣ㲻˯ųЩҲá
һҲŹлȻ֪лʵ֮䷢ʲôˣлһķޣǲ֪ϵʱжżûһסģһҹû˯ҵڶռ϶ŵˣ綼˵δǰʧ̬
лʱΣûμ䣬żϣʱ̫ʲݵӣӦ;ϢԼܵ
ֽĽ˵𣬡ǲԼ֪ʱжգ
šֻʱϵһЩãлʱĥûƢԣͲúӸϽӶ徲ʶģģܵȴ֪ʲôʱģ۾˯ȥˡ
ֹˣСҶӳʱ򣬾װˣɮҪɱСӣö೯ˡ˵ʱλմ̼
лû֪֪ʱô±סСҶӵģ϶ǸĸףźӣҲ׵ĸ飡
еƣۣٶȰֻ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôϵУϴǼõġ
ϴɾ鱻ͻһ˵עлȥͰ͵СһμСҶҲӣ׻󣬶ΪӴ򱧲ƽء
лŪС飬֪ŴʱûɼɹʹжôѲû׼׼ʲôϵѣɵõϣһ˵ܲӦ
Сʱ岢δʲôʣŷģ˲˯һСҲ˯ˡ
ɿӣʵʵЪϢڵ˶˳лشСɩһĻƫ˯ŵСҶӣҲüֻԹԵ˵ţߣȥòã
ôعлЩģϵ˻û꣬ôҲǰ취ȥƽľġڻع֮ǰȻؾ¥˷ٰСҶӼҪĶϡ


101 
лص־¥ʱ, ¥һǰⲽǻһӣ֪ΪʲôΪѡ
ɨſڵƹһ߹, һ˷ˣ¥ȥӡ
ʲôôط䣿л¥չתǣǰ, š
һСӵķŽ, ҲûкӵĿ, Ϊˡʹƹ֮СӲδ˷ǾӦû, СӲʲô߲ɵļ, ѺòҪ
ҵȶҲ䷿жЩס, ˼СӲ˰ɣЩʱھǻʲô壿
ǽ䣬źȻСӵֻȪһʣʱһЦ, æӦ¸պ·, ¥µ齲Ȥ, ͣ
ƹ̫ɫС, һЩСӿĻ죬, ĻĽ
лȻŃ飬Ҳô򵥴ֱصϹδ̫׾ӡ
, ӲǾʿסôΪ⻹û̸𣿡
ȻöˣȫΪ
ǶСӣֻ˳̨£ӵǰȽϷҶ¶żղűȽϷġ
л⣬ӲףڴסίԼھһլԺ׾֮𣿡
ܶ˶ʹţÿвƼһЩλòöլԺһԻļ۸һ˳ˮ飬ܾˣֻΪլԺ͵ùӶʱɨƽ׶ٿ
һһطһҲգլԺȴܿһ꣬ʵǲ㣬סԼ۱ȸߡ
ҲʲôίʱǺߵ֮ӣӣȥҲһ˳ģվסʵ顣
лˣкȻðһ𰸣һܴԼҲϣԴлĻش𣬡С㣬ΪļֻһطھһլԺָ¥أ
л㶣ټû֮ͭˣǽͷСƹ񶼻ᰵ˵Ĵţз⣬ʱʱ̳̿ơϲûĸоȻŹ˸ظһʵ֮Уɽкӡ
δ˻Ǹ黳֮ˡ֪ŸѽϵһСϷغҪۿڣܱߵİʹս㣬ÿ곯͢˰ϣлװס
Ϊ͵ؿǰӣϵǱףɾ֮µԹҰɡ
ź⻰ζ̫ԣô͸һٱ֮⣿
Сӣ¿ɷ񶷵һʲôȥˣ˵־̫ʣҽջʱ·Ͽһ֧ˮӣúʺСʣ
˵һűڣⶼֱӸСܲ²ʲô˼ǰͲסԼļҪһԳȻСˣƹĿ̣Сͷ˿׷ˡ
û뵽žȻ٣л˵̫ףֻܺšȥݼһˡ
СҵͶˣ΢΢ۣһʱ˵ϸ˻ѹС¶ĸȥݼβټС㡣
ţлͷԣô²ݵ֪ҲģҪԵڴˣɣǰҸˡ
΢΢ͷ´׵˿´֪СڿеĽУװ׼ӡص߶ţ˵Ľš
лӣӵ֪Ůɸ͸Ҷӵ߲һӻԼ͸Ժ˰ɡ
ίľָܾץռ½Уһʱ֪λӦСӡСҲֻǸ֪ҪʾСתط
δ˵Ļں䣬ؾܾǺãʹջװûһΣ
лûʲô̫ҪʰģֻСҶӺϲ᲻ӵ·ٽ͵ǸиϾУԼûʲôҪġ
лһ㽫·÷ŽУٸеװһӱʰһССҶ˯Żûѣܳ⼸СҶӶڴϣ׼¥˷
žȻȵţлŃòصͷҪ¥ȥȴŵǰ̧ͷҲֻȿڡ
¡ð֪ĥ˺ܾҪôл˵һھȻͷ޲ܲسԼһơҧҧľͷٵСǺηʿ˭
տ϶СӵķģǺô֪ݣҷңԺҲиѰҵҵСӡ˳˽һСӵķǸʲôģ᲻СӲ׼ļޣ߲ϷСӵĶӣС᲻úӿ϶Ӧ
лڃͷҷҡ
лպ¥µ˵ἰջʹдɹʹ֮£лʱע˵һר·Ϣ
˵һľľлСɹӰձ䣬սٻغʤɹç򡣡
лаԸƣ洫ɹӰԼһʱɾòģҪʵ۱䡣
ϡڲУɹӵװʲôģлɵõϣҺ˵һǿͷӵĻϰߣ˳˵ʥҲлҾӪģ似Ȼɹӡ
ӮˣΧΧĿҲлеʡ
ƽ֡˵˵Ȼû˵ڴôʲôȻһ֮Ӷÿɲһơ
Χİת룬һֺĽͣ϶ʥϸɹʹӣ˺ǣȻɹҳ̧ͷǻУ
¥¶ʱЦһƬлҲһϻţܸǰԭϵ˴ƽѾˣԾЦЦ
ſСӵָȵΧϽ໶һһ㣬ܸܵ黹ûɹǲϱڵһ壬ǲףȷʵøˡ
Ҳ;ɹǵ˳ԵĶǺ˲һǶʳΪʳǰ˴СͱǺ˳׳ʵӿŮҲѶãÿ˵϶żҰ֮С
ôһ˵лͶԶϸ⣬ƺҲôˣһ̣˵緿ԵĸˣʥɹӱʱɹĹʥͶأ
Ŷ~~~ΧĹڷȻȻһ﷢Ц˸̾ʥӣݷǷɹסˡ
˵ɷµ˵࿴ɹ˷ѡһòĹΪʹǰΰݣž뽫ŮʥϹУάϵؽ֮á
лϵĺʱӿΧϵճȭ֨֨
Ÿоһӱ󴵹ϵĺëҪ֧ˣСӺȻ鲻ģǵģʵСβã
лЦЦңԸˣҷ˭ѲҪѾˣرң


102 ׷
СӹȻ, ̬Ͽÿ˵Щѷ֮û̫˿޿ģЩ⣿
ȻСƺ̬ùͷ, Ҳûֻ̫֣Ǵ󱯴ϲʹСһʱڲãۡ밲οСӽڰЩӦڷȥʱ̫, ʲôáС뺢ӻúõ, ȻҪ, ҪСǰУС, ɵĲȥµĲ
˵žζ̫, ôȴֻӣʱεؽ, Сӣҵ˼ǡǡ
лţӣ֪, ǲܵġ
Сӣٿǿ, žܾٲڲԼ, ŵ, һĺӶܺãϲط, ҳʱԸط⣬ȥ˰Ĺȣֻ밲ڼ, Ҽ˶Ǵӵ񣬲̫ෳ£ҲὫָˣڼ㡭
лͷƱʲôһ£ԺĶǶû˿Ů֮飬ҲǺ޿ܵĶˡתţлӶİģǽԵټ
ɾضһȭ񣬴ŽʿˬһʶʱϿѵʣǡ
лȥ϶ӣٴϼƷ˷뿪¥ųǵķȥ
ĿСԶȥȻһζûлͷɼǶûа˼įȲСǸȥķ
һлعϣǺ޲ܴԼͷǸʲôɹ˽ܣ˼ҵˡ
ǣ˵úһһ⣬ʵŲܡлϺĽͶܲ³һΪʵʲôҹΣʺĶ⣬ǸɹǰһҪݡ
лͱһӻôŮˣҲһʺҲֻСҶһӣǾǸɹȥɡ
ںµɹʹö֮¡ɹӰûӮò̫ѿ¾Ȼҷǵӣң˵¿ɼǶҲô˼ڴ˴Ӧᱻ
Ƴ֮òԼͲסòһϣԸϺȷʵȲԭϵӺÿôһ㣬һСʵ۵侹ȻڲԭϳֳŬѹԼĴǣǿǿʵۡպɡһ⹬úദάϵϵġ
һǵٲܻزԭȱЩģߵҲȥǺӿҪֻˡ
üʲôʹѾڸûˡ
Ȳǲ˼δУֻ׵ǸԶޱȵڷϢȴܴδζøȥŮˣʵ벻Ůʲôáǰ谮ȴһӶûΪ£ûã
Ůǲԭ˵أȳŴǵʹˣŮ˱ȸὫʮ꣬ûкӰٲȥǸŮ˵Ҳù
뵽⫘Ȳžɿ죬ŵһ˲ɢȥ΢΢ؿš
ѵԺζҪҪڴ˴ȵعһӡ
ϹġȿԼ߶ݵֳŵؿοðģֻΪҲû˸ҸܡҺһͬãǻʵֻһӣಡĻʺƺòȥ빬һǿ֪ٱĺӳǻʵ۱Ȼҿҡ
ҲȵĻеﺺ˵彿ǻʺȻ϶棬֪òʲôӣǻʵ϶ûƣܿǾյװð衣
ﺺʵ̲סĵǲʾǿϧˡ
ΣĺôòøӦԣ˵ķݡ£ȲʵѶǵı߾ָƣҪ򲻹Ǹһ仰£ǱǳսʱᣬƱһжǵģﻹк˵ķݶɸƫƫΪǸŮˡ
ˣЩˡհסȴӵֱ֣ǻʵۼȻңƲĹͻãĵȴɡ
գлһǰĳǵĶ׼뿪֮سȥߡźҹ·㣬ֻܸڴ·
峿֮࣬һƬлСҶһЩĶ䡣СһһΣ˯ˣܳȻҪˡ
ſڼĹٱÿˣȷûʲôŻС黺ƶڿֵлʱһ󼱴ٵֱӳСҶӣߺл첲ŵȶã۾Ҫޡ
ͣл棬ŭ˭ô³çδ뿴һźЦϤݣȴˡ
ٿر£лǰǣ
ΪѵػӦˣ˵ǰ棬ù
лһʵ㲻ȥɹ飬ҳʲô
ǰӣӣлſ˲ˣ˵޶ؼҡ
˭Ҫȥлźöȥ߶Ҫȥȴס׶á
εԭСҶӰȵë㡣
лϹȥֻԼ˵ˣյ㶼ɹˣʹﻹĸӵ֮𣿡
üŮˡ
ôͻˣлɴ۾żնϾ͸ɹˣ˵㶼ˣ
һѽлϽһǣȻסੲݾ˵һЩӻ졣û׺壬СҶӿ޵ίίһĻ۾ͱ̧ˡ
һǽл춼ʹų黳ѾɾˣҪ
ɹװףʲôûУ޹ؽţлǴġ
л˼ҵҾ֤ҽƱ磿
ֲԼյģСյġҲڱ⣬ɵЩףȴǶл޲СѵӻȥҵǸɹȥ𣿡
˵¶ҲˬŮӳʱؿӶȻһʵն񡣶лΪûˣֱҪǣԼ˱ԩͷ
ңֲֻ±˵ĶлİͳУЦʣʲô


103 
лһؽо, µ߼£һᵽɤ֪֪ⶫжСҶֶϲˤٸСҶһ, Ӹӵ㲻׼Ҷ
΢΢ۣõúӵڣΪ޻𣿡
ϱƽл, һֳ, ޳ֱӽлСҶ˶Ӱ֮, ɫƣҲΪΣ, лڶﶼ쬡
һְлļ, ˣرң
лɵõɴ۾ϾȻ֪һֱ˼ֱпĸоǳˬ, һжΣ˽ԣյҪƿȴΪﱧŸ޶ʩչ
ɵסҶл, ֣úÿǰ˭
лҲֻƴ, ŭӶ, ˭ֻ, 㼸䶼ģ
϶ɿȻл׵̬Ȼͼ, ϼСĽ𣿡
ûأԶ㣡л˿գһŰѶϲһĳ, ܵ롣
ǵҪſԭޡϷŵ̬Ͱ͵лȶʵʵһֻڻſǽϡ
лĻӦֻԼ£Ժ֤ƭ㣬ûʲôˡ
лΪϵиһֻۣѵĶĨᣬȻתи滺˯
ɣϼųŵģҲܸ
ŶлѾԶ֪ͬദһϸں֣ǶϼȻ˵ʲôθŵ
֪㲻ϲʹ硭˵Ծ䣬ΪлŻڹңûʵл룬ۣǣʮ꣬źù޾ʹλӣȻȥαɽˮ
лĲɵ˼£ֹƽʮ£˭˵׼
ȻӦƽܸелһЩֻӲﻹûôųˣ
ϲɵе⣬Ȼ׷ʻɩСӲ翿Լֻ˽лˣ㱣֤ʮĶһ̫ƽʢҿɰԶȥ
л𽥷һ¶СҶӣ֪׵ѾڿӲɣȻ·ˣ˵ʲôȥԶӲһ󣬻˵ء
ĬţĶϲ²͸˼Կ̽еĶҡлȻӦֱ˸ˣתƻ⣬װ׵ģܾܾɹ𣿡
ȻһӦĵƶر֤
лһЩϵϾܾ͵ڷɹӣ˵ǿɹɹһ֮ˣʱȻô¹ȥ㡭ܾĴʲô
ʲô۶ܳܣΨʧȥ㲻С
ڻޱ뻻һ̬شлֻлǲ
һ·֨֨ѽѽŹǵķǰһʱ·־¥лӱԶϣСҶӡ
ϴʱʶһ⣬лźӳôã̷˶ûУҪ˵ˣôöһιСҶӡ
һĪĴ϶Ŀڣʲô˵ֻԼţʲô˵ģԼĶӡ
عͰ͵Ǳ߿ˣ
ƵĶоʱʱתоеķԭصպñһ̤־¥
𾪵ؿǰƶдﲻеڶܷɡСǼվôֻˣȥ
һð̷ԸСԭصĸھУǰźܸϲڱ˦ں棬û뵽ʻ˻ʹ
ȷϣôܿټһǣǽ߳˻ʹģС
лϤĲ֣֪Լֻˡһʱ˵ԼǸʲô飬ֻ׷źǸӡ
һҪǣ֪Ǽˡ
δȥ߹հ˹һƫƧ֮أлϳ乬ҵʲô
һ뷨лԺҺƭȻ乬
ϣ޾𣿡
лһӼ߰ߣ
лҪСҶӱ⺢أЪһ
лȷʵЩᣬϵ㡣
ʱڱӵĶϴʱȴûʲô˼ŪиҪҪл˵ɼǵڴ˴ܹһ۸һС̫ˣ
ţлϸˤͷļЩңŶԺҵģļ䣬ƺվλáĹǽɫǽƤҲͬеĲ̫һֻǰԶתϴ˴
Ƕô֪£׼ȷ˵صġ
лˣŶ
ˣڴлģδϵһָ֣ʵǰС̫˶Բԣǰ㣬|Ūұң
лɵú㾹ȻǸС۶ļˣ
ϣٺú룡
лͷ̧죬ǲ̫ԡǰС̫Ҳһ̫࣬ô
òᡭ̫ܰɣлʲôϣţС̫࡭Ī㣿
һֱ²ףǱʱ̣ѾΪһ֮ѳԼӡһҪл˵ʱʱĸС̫࣬ȥŷҪԵĻȥҪ̿𡣡
лޱȾȣʱ̫ԶֻǸС̫·˺üͷƺѪ°͵䣬ڵһƬɫǰΧ˻ȭߣȥĶʵڿŻֽѵǰһ£˾Ȼǡ
㲻Ǹôлһż̫඼۸㣿
ʱȥ꣬Щ˶һʰл˵𾹾ûǰݣϽŵ𽥷ɣȻʲ󹬣Щǳ֮£ֻϷѡ
лǲ⣬ΪΣôΪƫƫ㣿˭ǵĵ
ϲɳ乬ǽ֮ϣΪĸãĸ̹ĻƵĸʧŮλݸ޵ĸǰ޵̫൱治֪޵ôֻװɵˡ
лĴʣĸٲܳҲǲģܲñԲůɣеķ٣ңĸܻ𣿡
\"ʧŮûг·ġϻлͷ޾㲻ЩĺܺãΪûоЩ˰̿ˮ߹ڷвɳӣЩ͹ûк\"
лȷʵ֪Щ빬ʱȻҲôܳ赫û˿ĻöȣΪʺҲ˿ɵķ֪ҲûҪ֪ϻôϸ΢ֶһ˴ܣŮ˲СθĸӽĳԹ
ʱһŮӵϻӦлΪ²λռ˲ռλá


104 
лԲѷŮ, һɫڶëߵȹżۣл²·̫¾ɶϴɾӡǡŮӴ乬ڳȻסڴ˴, ѵʱƳӰǴˣ
лǰŮӣǺˣ
ȻʶѯʣлѾһпܵĲ²⡣Ů֪ϵĸ׽ü֮£ܻӦ, Ҹ, üмơ
ĺС̰Ůָָ, л٬ЦЦ۲תȻ
Ȼ, ǡľ
л񿴵òʵššü, Ů껪ʢʱһǸµˣһ, ѹܵȻʢ費˥ֻôûȻʵȥʼұԺ価Ȼߵ乬֮У庮ӣ
תͷȥ, ı
ټǻĸ𵱳ļѴʱָܵ꣬, ޵ĸûãҲ㵱С̣
ȴ̫ϵĳײ, ᲦŪͷϵľ, Ŷ, ϱĸҲС
乬ǿ֮˺ڣѰң乬һ̫๬ŮޣѹþŮ߶, ͵л̸
Īбб乬Ĺǽ֮ϣǲҳĵطŪ·ٳǰҲǰˣʱ䳤Ȼ֪ܵȥֻһγⱻתĻʺˡ
߽лһֱߵϵлǰܾĿͣ£ȫ䱸ӣЦһ±˵˵𣿡
лϣŶ뻤ֻǱŮ˹⣬䡣ͻȻ£˵ʲô
޸ˣһúܿɡۺ°ͣԹ˵̬ţһ֪ǸжݰһǴԼŮݲд֮أǰãһͷײˡ
ܵŮֻһĶӣлʵۼӡɨһۣõˣ²ֶлˣֻŮ˻ĸ׻磬ʲô뿪㵱ʱٻ
лһЦһĲֵĶϣȷʵŮ˻Ȼʡ
ϲɵõɴ۾ȻڶĩβģޱףлȻʱȣعлеʲô
óѵЦЦΪ׾ٱ˵л׽ҲվԼߣδлԼӣ̧ͷ죬ӲŮ˻졭
лббƳһ۶ϣŮϣߣƫҪڱߣǷ˵úܣ
оΪֻʺҫĸо
лָϻУ㿴챧źӲ֣иɴµ˻һĲڴ¾űӣʵܲ˲ųȥɢɢİˡ
лԽ˵ԽףһҺҲΪѵıһϸɵ£ԼһžϡҲԻһ£Ҳôϣ
лķӦȫԤ벻ͬҪץлļȴʧ̬ƭ㵱Ȼضϸģʧȥֵƣһȫ̵һŮϣ
޲ᣡл˼ľԶһЩתл֣سŵţ顭
лţ
ϸæĿڣӳ֮ҲᣬĻٶԱŮһЩ£
һתŮԽƫִһ˳ġʱֻĸòãŮ˲Ż羫£֦չȥȻʡ
ǻŮ˹乬˱ҲǲŮȥˣ͸һ˾ǣҲӦķš
ְصĿ̫౻ҵ߶µվȣͨһڶǰϡϡūš
Ҳ˵һĻ
ϲлӼѪȥã÷䵽ľȥġ
Ȼһ˺úÿŮˣҪþõػ乬һձһոá
ϸҪл뿪ǼŮɣ
ȾӦܲµð|Ųʮھϥ£ǶԶϻԵɺռ˵ӵλöĻŻЩľҲԼŮݵһȲŻᴦΪŮĶĸʱȡ
Ƶλᱻ˱иߵһʲô覴ñᱻ޷ŴȻĻ֮˳ûšлǲöϵĸжôãٴҹеʶٶУֻǴӾ˵Ũصĸƫˡ
лͣסŲŮλϤĵԼǲԼĵս㣬ȥݽĺӣҲǱ˹òã͸ֵúõġ˶ڽ£Լվöߣ
һֱԱ֮ЩԼָסͣñʱΪݣǸμҵСŮлλε˵˵̵̬̣㶮ʲôûŮ֪֮𣿡
лͷҲصȥ¾һԭ˻乬
л˾Ļ֪ԼȷʵЩվ˵ۣ֪Ůı΢̸ȥָʲôΪҲҲңûȥԼֳ
лҲԼĻ˵ʲôŮȵŮŮֲȥקλŮֱѭԩԩ౨ûûˡô⣿
˼ȥлֻһ͡ŮͲӦôڡ
ʲôϲͷлǰȡעлܾˣǸŮˣ޲Ǵȥģֻޣ޵
лĮתͷвҪǸŪʲôŮСҶȥ㡣
޵ȻңֺõЦЦ׼л⵽ǲˣлķߣĲ١
л·ϣʵĸǸʲôˣ
ĸ֮Ĵ䶼ǲ̫ģֻĸ޼ʱѣлԼĸһӡֻģظĸǸ˳Ůӣ뻨飬ֻ̫˲ίҲ֪֣ڹŮֻᱻԽԽ裬ĸҲףǲ
л˵ЩȻԼĸҲܸӣеԹĸ
ʱ£εЦЦֵøʻģǰƣסŮرĽҲԹԼĸΪβһſſڶûеİӡ
޶ʱĳָӡ̣ţмĸ߶ȱţôߵһСŮޣȻܴſ۸޵ˣʵǱŮӶ
лʱʱôǶϱȻô


105 
Ȼϱл߲, ҲܰϥϷλðɣлʱӦܵؿڸأ
ʱǿ, лյؿڼ򴦵ͷΪʱҲСӡ
˶ѳɳлܹؿڣһ統ģ
˳ʯС·, ׷һ̫빬Ů, ԽԽ, лоᣬȻô׾ͻ, ̫˶ϡһΣյļ, ˲أϲϱŮӰɡ
һ, лԾսȭͷȻϲǴϲģֻǿʱĳִ򱧲ƽ
˭˶֮, Զ˵Ψһѡ˭ɸ, Ͼϲ˭
ǣлЦһ, 첽ǰ߲һ롣
ֻüӿŲ, ź׷ȥʲôû˵أ֮ĸϼ, Ӳô룬꺢֮з֪ĲҲﵽ, ˼ȴǲȫȫ
ͷ˯СҶӣ̾Լ׷֮·û꣬Сʲôæﲻϣֻڹؼʱ̺˯
лߵ̫죬ϱźӶˣţˡ
ȻлĽŲֻͣһ˲лּǰߣŴǣŭʤƭëǻûĹСҶˣһߺصһûУɼڲ
ΪСͲ
޴ں׷лô׷Ҳ׷ϣôлҲò½⣬ͷСҶıĶŪˣﲻԭµˣҲˡ
л洫СҶ۵ĿЩģΪϵоеϲȻѶŪޣǲ͵͵ˣ
ڻص١ֻй̫๬ŮһӿϣʺֱҪϲۺںͺ⹬ɿ̫ƽӼָ֪ʺﲻڵЩӣڻʵƤá
ֱǷֻϱ˦ںԶԶģڷ׷ϻʺǲ֪ʵ۾Ȼûаѻʺãǡ޲Ϊϳıߣ
վǰ±СҶŪҵ·ҪȥлȴǰýѺӸңĵط
ϻһæлͣб˵ģֻ㡣
ǹ֮˰ޣǾԲܵģϷţлһʹʱڹижҲŻɵжϡϼܽ˱ȻݲͬѰ⾩лҹŮ٣ССʤ࣬Ӯ׳ʵĹŮӣӦֻгڽܰ쵽
㲻·ޱ裬Ǹޡ
лĽͣŭ˿δȻôΪʲô缸Ѱңҽ⣿
ν˰¹⾹ȻԴлپԼ빬ǰһ̵ˣöͱ£
޲ԣϴ˵ҲḀ̊́ǲͨЩǰûϳ㡣ϵͷл߳Ĳǫصʹлǰ̬ȳϿңԭ¡
лû̫ףΪʲôϲңҸСʱ򳤵Ҳûܶࡣ
ָָСҶ㿴ҳĶСʱҲǳӡ
϶촽˼˵ֻʵҪſԭޣ
лĮתҸعֻǾСҶӻףû˵Ҫ㵱ԭ㣬±Ӱɡ
ȥϳⲻƣΧصĴ١ֺСֻۺĴ£û̫ףٲҶ̽ʲô׷ˡ
߽ںùȻлҿ齡лٿ䱸ٴУʲô
Ҫٲԭޡҧһһ٣ˡ
ôţлҲ̣̻ػʡ
ϵϰѺһΪίӣްַͱ֮ƣ޿ɸˣ
ۣлһûסֱЦ󷽷һͷϷõӸϣԼ˵ģ
ѹֶҪŹϣ±Ĺ˿ɥʧϡȻֱѪ˵жϥлƽ𣬸ο֮ϵĻʵأ
ҪϹ̣лЩĲ̣һԼ빬곡Ϸ֪ٴΣǼӲʯŷҲɽϥѵʹϻҲӦõġ
Ьӣڴ§СҶӣԼ͹ҿɲ㣬𳳾УҪ˯
лȻıŶ˯ˡǰﳼʲôǴСģͦʹģֱԭµͨñر̣Ϊľɱֲ֮ʹˣлӲԡ
̵Ӹϥǹؽʹ飬ƣܲסѹѾ˺üӣ洮ŵӱ򣬶Щڵֻֻζȷʵܡ
Ȼһ˵̾͵лĳġ
лһߴŰӣԺбһϾȻϲעͷҲЩɢڳſ׷ʱͷɢˣһֱûüֹˣ»һƬ࣬ɼܾöûϢˣȻ̣һǹۣ
ڲ㣬æȥлףֻįһ˲ٲš
Ǳѵ̫ãȽӲһվɵҡҡλΣŵлҪȥһ̣һֱѹȥл𣬿ƶϵļһƽƵβԼƵ˴ͷ
˵ǴƣĻ̫
أԼȣ˵޴ͷܴβͣͷβĹ̷ʲô
лô֪
ԼϵλãҸ㴲ͷβֿǲ͡
СҶӵ㲻˵Ҫһ̫ƽʢôȥ£
ȻлƾȻ޼ƿʩȷʵ±ôֻ´μлԭ¡
ǰϣ޽㡣
лҲ뿴㡣
΢΢̾һ뿪ǰ鷿ǰɹʹ뾩ˡ
պںҵȣȲ׹ɹ빫оͷԣֲ̫ȷһʵ岻У±ȽȥԵϸ˼ҽףԺɹһȱ
ɵҲǰ취һѾεˣȥҰⱼںò⣬ǲĻʺֻöؿշȻݸһأ֡
˼磬鲻бɣ
ģȲҲ·ȻҵĶ͸֪ŮǺ⡣Щĵҵǣ
ɰ뫘ȵҲδ飬ֻлʵ۲ΪɹʹеϢ


106 
籾ףɹʹȥһ·˳, ȴΪڴеĹԵò죬ɹʹȴ㽫°ʣֻ̽ദ
Ȼ», ιùɹú޾ͷˣԸԶһƽá
ûɹ·ִżԹ񣬲ɫӴл, ࿴ɹһذ嶼û˯ˡ
лϹ񵭵Ц, º, ɹһλõģЦż, ־¥ޱȵĲԭͱöһЩԹ֮, ǡ۲ŻԭøС
ȻҲȫɹǶ̫ƻĲŰɹס, 㻹ǶϵĴлţ־䣬Ȼš
ϾžƱһһ, ޹ίתͷллʺΪ·
л
ɹȵȻҲл, ŮȷʵǺбȽò, Ҳÿôһ, ӣ벻, ϶Ҫʵ۴Σǲ֪ʲôõģżˡ
һ, ҵȣһ׵ͻỰһתἰ֮£Ȼ⽫ԼߣȵʲôûУȲʶʵ۶ûа˼һֱζ顣
ص£ȱıӳ˼ɢˣϾҪȥˣǲȥЩʲô
鱩ãеıӣԼʹɫţ
ϵʹæϴһ̵ɢȥ
Ծڿյֺݺݳ˼±Ӳͣ£ʲô˼ˣװϹװɵǿɹ𣿡
ἰ£Ҳɫ䣬ûЫŭδһᡣ֮ȴܾǸĺӻʲôȥ󸸺ҪǸĹ̵ܷأ
ԼĸɫĸǲԭϵӢۣһչͼҵȴΪһŮâٲŮǣƣ̲кѣʱﺺĶ
ңҲվ̣ȶеıӣֱܻطڡ
鷿۵ĶϺСӻɹңǸûʺ󿴼
Сһ֪˵ʲôûϵĻʺģɲŮӵĶϷģūһѻ˸ɾҶˡ
š΢΢ףСӽģǷˡ
һӣüƬ̣Ȼȥлдδϴ˯Ļ
СҶţлڸתСһﶺÿЦлҲõӡϵͱȽ⣬Ǳ߸ոմɹлһ͵ﵱ
ϤĽŲлδͷֻרСҶɣ˳̽˵˲㣡
СҶطһĸҲûϣлЦСƵģ
վлĶֻϥһʹ·һΪʲôոսʲôû˵أͱлںˣ
Ͻīɫ壬лͷļϣһ׵մ£ʺĴǰԵøۡ
лʲô
ϣֻǾùȽϺʣÿ
лǣȻǶ˵Ļɣ
ϲŪգʱزлϣǵиı־⣬лǰʱʱ̿˭ķȻһձű͵Ļλã
лСҶ˵ҲȥСҶӵ֣һһеʣʣʣ
лĬŶкЦִһС֣еعһ޽Сʡⳡƺﲻ̫Ծʵ̲ס˲һЦĹϵˡ
һʼûʲôԣС˵𣿲ͣظһСӲģ£ѧᣬлôһѣʶԼ̵Ц
ȽСҶΡʡСҶӲ׹ʡʲô壬ҪСҶӣСҶѧ
лⷽ룬ҲԼܶӽеʲôԣôһ˵ϼظĸʾ˵ˣ߱ŤŤģԸлĳͨ׵ģе
СҶӲŰԶ˵ĳ̶ȣлֻͼӣɶϲͣؽ̣ٲȻǱˣлʵôļʲôһܻ˵ʾͲˡ
֮ǰСʡεطСҶӵȭͷûϣˡ
⻰Եٱ֮⣬лҪߣȥ
ԼӦ󣬱ֵ̫ϻƮɫ򾲵ڴߵȶϸ𰸡
΢΢ͷ㿪л̽ߣҪȥɹ
лõȥ
ɹ߾פĳҲɵֵǴüңĸʾ𣿻ʵζʲôǱǹ֮Σ֮ʣΪ˹ʿһ֮Ӻ󷽣뽫ʿһͬ󣬲ʤ顣
ɹ棬ûصĵزɹӹûܻصǵĹ֮ڣϺˡ
ΪлĵǸеһϲȻ֪ڵս»ǵһɵлڹڵõο壬Ϻ¶Ҫ򶨣ɹάϵĺƽվԶһŮûǵĸܡǽǵҲòίڴˣ̵ס𣿡
лǰɹι;ÿԼиŮ϶᲻ȥôңԶĿຮ֮أȻܣ
ϼ͵ɹãƶ񤣬ˮԴϡ٣꼫ȺȣȻǹڣشƫϷλӵоȵһļũķغͲһصˮԴܹﻹˮͨɹǵ̫ãۺ졣
л׶ϵ˼Ǿû˻̾һ滷ӵĵطԴǺõһ̰ǰӶ᣿Ƕⲻһս£
ϣǣȻҪ򣬺βλὫѹöʮ귭ȻƵ˲ƣڲ̫ƽӰ߾İաޱȥڶӳ֮ǰһǸ̫ƽʢ
лɹӻԼĵطҪʼ𣿡
Ȼֱӽɹӹ£ĺһЩֱɱȻҸɹĴܴȥǶϲֵߵڰ׵ıлмֵߵĶܸġ
ţ޿ɲʷЦŴСҶĴȻ޵޶Ҫһ
ȵɹʹȥһ߾յϢſɴĸֳսлʱ֮¿Ҫͷʺˡ


107 
ɫ֮мż, ͬѾĻյǰҪ׽ģܾûáʺƺˣİšл̬ȸȾҲŽ, ˼ϵĻβŻعζҪƳ
ҡҲлԾӣûʲôţôҪɲҺ, Ҷϳô೼, ΪƫҪصѹϡ
Ȼϲ׼л, ǿƵؽϽı, ޲н̹㻳еʱ򡣡
лȷʵһֱڿϾɵ, ÿҹ˯ǰеҪ, Ϊֻ׼̥ݣȻҲǱĬؽ
Ӷϻ̧ͷֱ۾ڼƻһǲǣ
ҲǡϸһģɵĴ𰸣лĬ, ֻǲҳϵ̫׶ѡ
ңлݺݾסϵĶ䣬һ, һ첻ĥ¼ֱͲˡ
ϳʹ, Ͻ, ǵҪ̺, Ժȥ˾ֳд£ֻû뵽һ̫죬СҶӻǸʲô, ֻ޵Ļʺ͡
лиԭϲһʼѹեŰӣöӼʱܴܳ
ϣʱôҲܶ泼°Ѱѹ˰ɡ
лɴ۾ƨ˯ŵСҶӣ֪ĸ׶ĺڸʲôϰǸŸܳȥ϶ԺӵҪⲻǿѣ
ô˦ӣͯꡣ
ǣһжʺģϼæ˳ӵ͵ͷӻСԺҲһλ
ŹСҶӣлϣЩ˼飬㵱Ҫ𣿡
ϵһл벻Ӻʵˡ
лһ󵨵뷨ȴ̫˵ֻŴŴţöǿ壬ǡҸȥ߽սϵۻʲôԭǿԷСӣһȨȨ̫ˣ
лҰĵĻ븸һҸʱǲ׾ٵ£
һƬûлǸִȨλͷˣĴûˣлɽʮТ÷
лϸع۲ϵɫĬ˵Ҿһᣬ̫桭
㣬Ų£аյ˵
ΪΣл¿ɲԻǺܴģȫԸԸ⸶ж
ÿ糯ϲϵʱ䣬˵˵̲סЦȥϳֱĥ㡣¾͵һҪϼ϶ήˣɢ̫ʼϡ
лյȥ߶ϣ⻰˺ԲԼǿ˿ǻԭʲô
׼ضлִ֣͵㣬ԺҪһʱˣ޻ᾡЩġ
ɹʹ󲻾ãȻ˱߾ŵϢ֪ʱѵˡ
лҸӵڼ䣬λĸд£лֻǷֳܣЩӵ׼׼ɣϸµݻǰֹܵĳģлһЩ
ⲻʱڣ߾ִսսεúܡϸ౨ϵɹܾ׼شǵı߷Ȼɹ̽ѾǾڣʲô;ʹñ߷Ϣй¶ô
ߵĽʿ治Ƕľ񲿶ӣҲǾҷɹĽսУоĲսȴһδεر׼ƣòҡ
üͷš̬ԤϣԶǰҪӽ
ڳ볼Ҳû۳⡣лҲ˵¡лһЩصļ⣬Ƿɢѵ˼άֱδܽһЩ޹ͷ֮´һȻҲá
лϼ򵥵ظ˱߾֮£ֻһ⣬һֱȥ
ҲǶϺͳдΪĵģɹȻһռλǴú޻֮ɹÿһνսжδֹһֱȥϲòĴ㣬ͣƼ
Σƹѣлնԣɲǹ֮ʱĪΪ
Ϊֻǲģǰƹˣûеߵˣ²ʲôɲģһԷ飬ı׼ľǸ
˼Ƭ̣ܣҲǸүݲ٣ҲֻǸˣʤҪֶȥȡ߾ĲϢҲǺѡ
㻹ǵһֱ֪Ʊ|ҩĴǮƴӺζ𣿡лʱ򣬡ǮƾðģҲκԴ᰸ʱ鵱ǮЩ|õ߿ǲû֤϶һ롣
Ȼл˼Ǯ
ָ죬ֱһŭɶ޲ܽʬ̫ѡ̵ĻʱҲ֮ɹջѡޣ֪̫Ϊη𣿡
лҡҡͷȴϵġ
ϻ̫عиĸ˵£Լ̫˵ʱǺаĺܡ
ʱ̫绪ïŮӣȻʶ̫ʶ֮Ȼ̫ͺɳٺͿ¶ϲʱ̫жô
ʱ̫Ҳɳʲô֮£ֻƾһ۵ĸ֪϶ѡãȻ֮˵ĶǴСͲڹġ
ϣ޵ʱΪûһʹʵ̫ˡ
лɫĪ֮ǨŭԼɵʱ򲢲֪ЩڵȥҪ󵱳ԼʱѾúܺˡ
ʱֻл|ҩըĹˣ̬δд˿أҶϹ˼ͺӣԸ̫Ѫȣֻǡش˼ǣеˣûбŰعȥһ
һɣл֪һ¶úܺã㲻ҪȥɹҪȥǰ߹ʿˡ
ݵҶԿȥ֮󣬶ᱧסлļ򣬾þòԣβŵ˵ʵʱĳɳƣһɥĸ޼ܳĻӣȴȫ֮ͬˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
лϰǰɫֻƾ١ֺͻɩѰĶȥ˽Ʋ⣬ΪʳӺͻɩܹ㣬̫㣬ϤĽ̵㣿
ǡ££лŪҵͷΪ㣬ټǸܲǸȾа֮˰˼ҹˡһϲޣٱ޾ͺá
ϵ٩Լ˵˵ȾϼЦ⡣л𾪲ѣиǱݺݵشһֱ˼ܵٶ಻ҶûгᣬȻΪ


108 
պ, лСҶӵĿѣ̫ɻôûӵ庢ӣСҶӵĿ, ԽԽίһǱ󲻸ˣæ·ҡĶӱź, һ߶ﲻ
Сƨʪ, ԭǴˮɽԼԼ, лжӻ򲼣ȴѾ, ˯ĵ̶ŵһ, ֪Ѿ뿪á
лǶʾ, Ѿ˰ɣ
ҵߵ޵ǰŵĴнأ
СӵĿȥȡµ޲, 󻹴һŮϹʺСϴˮҪŶ, ʺһͻȻ, ˴, ϡһʱǰˣūǱ
һʱǰ, лڵɫҲǸոǳҹɫѾ뿪ѹûǰӻ򲼡
˷ǰȥ֪òܻ, ·ϻ᲻ʲôΣգлԽԽǵǣôҪ˾Ȼ֪һأһҲð
лǱչˣԼҴææϴȹŶñϿԸܸϼһ档
;İ׷ԾãлҲ̫ʲôˣʱš
ϳǶˣлסһХͣسǵĹٱǰ
س֮˲֪лݣԥԥûֱӻش𣬡ʷǣ
лŴæû֤ݵƣֻ˵ǻʵ۵ޡ
Ȳ˹лأԷϳ¥¥һĸ߸߲t̨ܿԶɴԼȥ
Сӣл΢΢ȣϵǰ̫ྐྵȻڲt̨һ࣬ǵȺʱڵǵ˭أ
ϾȻûдһͬǰȥлͣСǰϽʲô
С΢΢һָԶѾҪԽǴɽˣ𣿡
лԹ˲ϲt̨˳СӵңֻܿһƬСľӣ˼ıϴ˶١ӺܿҪƹɽȥɽҲˡ
æھǰѰϵӰֻƾǰŵҵΧһˣɫףֻһֱͦıӰлУ֪ǶϲдеӦĸ֡һ̣ȻƹɽţȥȺɽ֮
ϣһ棬ȴֻܿһıӰǺ󷽳ĶҲûʲôÿġлɫ䣬гƵ²t̨Соһɫḷ̌һɫ÷С
лСǰͣ£˵˵ﷴ㲻Ȼٱ֮ʻһ·϶ߵòġԻֻūŽｻС
ȱлָָ¥שߣӲسǣƺ˱֪ġȴǵ
лоԼ׵ϵ֮Уⲻ𣬵׷¥СȺȻСףָƣԼûô˼ľܲС
ϿûūһСӲ亹ϱʺԸǾ͸ʺһϲʺûðѶȥʺ󡣻Լĺúõ飬ô˻ʺֱòֺˣ
СӾΪϱ⣬ֻ˵ͱԼѡҪˣһ·İ
лжʱһƬƱһ㣬ǵģԼѡԼ᲻öߣ׷
˵õĳĬвŽƽеİȻֵǺ䣬Ө
һΡĹǣع
գлӹܳϻķۣġŨصױݣǰжϵϢΪԼܽţʵҲãĸо̫ࡣ
ѾܾûϸԼΪɹʹеնׯءʱ·ߵ׵ĳЩϹȴӣýһ¶ϳܲѹסǣ
һұ֮󣬶ĲΪ࣬ڵθ֮¡ϤˣлŵԷɣҶָЭлɩʱʱ飬
лֱͦȺһλǰݲȵӡ
ʼлϸⲻ̫˳֣˰ģ˼֮ԼӦֵشȨգŷ
ֻæڳɱӣʵǷԷչ˺ʱлʶǰǰͷæӻ򲼣϶жࡣһʼлԼһӦǰﳼӣԾлò￴Сӡ
װһСţֱϵƶһɰһᶯЦСɰ籧СҶӣ˹ҡŶŪⲦ˹ĻǺüǰǰ̫һͬڽֱģȻôòϣ⺢Ҳġ
ȻСҶܵõݵο壬ɷ֮ǸѰĿռţĺȥˡʱգ߳ıˣʣ޼һҲͻȻ֣һ
ɩлѾһʱ䣬ɩƸûĽŲСҶڷв˹ĵӶ챻СҶקҲɩֹӵС
һ㱣˼عʵŵЦţôæ˰
šлףϰ֮;ЩҲûʲôѵġ
ϰߡš
лֻɩûʲôӣСҶӵƨɣСƤʵôɩ˾ȥЪЪɡ
СҶѾڴϲˣһ㲻֪ȥʱ˲ģȻʲôʱԼӴˤɾͻˡ
лոӦֵùһ쳤ĺӣǲƬУޱȻʱֵܰ࣬СҶӵĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ġһ۵£ͺ޲ܽ⺢ض
ʶԼ۵Цࣿ壬ûгᣬȥתתҲ÷һ¡
лҲȥ߷ɣںӴˣ˿ֻԼܰ˯һ˲ˣʹûǸ˼ˡ
һΣлĽʹʲôˡлȷʵ࣬³гӸлĵ֮»кܶ࣬Ъ˴лȥͷǲôаϷ̨ӳϷɺã
лӦһɩ˵ڳϼʵǸרĳϷģðɣҲͦæģոҴ֡
㲻Ȱţ԰˵ϷɵķʽϷ͸һ
лͷŶȲȥûпա
СҶӻûмϷأƸʣʶҲá
лȵţ˵ԸŶЦɩǶ
ӦţǰͬһԳ۰ĵܵܣҲҵĵܵܡ


109 
, һɨæµѹֵգǻʵټ֡Ϸ԰̨ӣľ̨, Եϲ󣬶̨԰ɫľջţȻ׺ʵʡ
л·Ĺϯ, , Ǽŵ԰мĻ, üɡ⻨㲻ŨĽѬ÷Σ嵭, ɵζ
һʱ, ȸͣСҶѾ϶ȵòú˯лҸ̫, С鷳СҶȵܣֻչ˯ϻһȦӡ, ֻ֣ܿ޵ü˻³ġס, ǵл޴롣
Һýչ, СɩҲĶӽϷ˸߸ߵ͵͵ĳϷСҶӲС, ס˲ܸһ
СɩӸճûãͳ, С黹Ƿ˵һţѾſ˱ù⻬ԲСҶСϲ֪ȦءСҶӲ֪Щ, ӵСצӾȥץС飬лϽϻػѵıܣɲߣ׼۸ܵܡ
СҶⲻʲôûᣬлֻ
״ЦֻСһֻǲôˡϧ黹̫СӹǶģ֪Ҫʲôʱܲҡ
мĽؿѾʵСҶӣأ̾һ
л²̫ߵӣĵɩ𣿡
š˵ͷҺѺӶСձҲۣƫƫˣ뿪ֻ֣÷ұŲŲޡ
л֪Сɩʱ̫ǺյġСɩӻûʲô£⺢ĺܣ̵Сʱ̿š
ǰڼʱֻŷЦЦʱձźӸ֣޲ýѺճϡ
лһǸ棬ÿնҪģоŸʲô
ɷһߣСӾˣ˯ҪſϣȻͿ޸ͣ
һЩôϰͻõģʱҲ̫ãҵܶûˡлοپСҶӻѵñȽϺչ˵ĺӣճʱûôˣ˭չֻǼϺȽ˷ܰˡ
ڼСɩӣСɩӾͲô࣬лǸ⣬籾ڼģȴòŻϳǱǸ
΢΢ɴ۾ţΪҪǸΣڼвԹԡ
ֵҲ֮࣬²ھֻǴӶѣҪˣ»Ҫö࣬ҸȱȣͲԼˡ
лɵһЦСɩ໥ʱȣڶԷѰҿɰοԼ֮ҲȤ
һã˵ķ˿᲻ŵλŮֻУȻĽˣ٩ţҪǲˣͰѺӸңһһȫǱߡ
ǿɲУлݸ˲ҲԼĸԸģɩôϲСӣлСҶɩȥĸɡ
ÿαСҶӣж¶İ⣬лÿμ˶ԾƿСҶӶɩ¼ŵŮӣǰ̫һӣоͲį˰ɡ
лרϷʱʱСɩ˵ϼϷģϲڣлоԼĻˮƽָֻˣСɩ̸
ΪһϷ̨ݳлʵ벻ףԼϷǵȻҪԼȻԼŶԡǺϲϷŻ᲻˵ִҪϷӵ
лרע̨ϷĽݣרעضϿסŨϷױڸƤҵһУʲôûǱ˼۹
һϷл;ڿԼ̫࣬ڶɺô
лרע䣬СӴҴʺ߽ս鷿Ŀ
վȲҪߣλɩҲܹսҶԵӣСɩ۾һ֪ǣʲôˡ
ҿ˸֪һġ԰գлȥ
л鷿Ϊʵһŷ⣬һݣս鲻ֹۡȻŷȴֽһսֻһֽ£һǺһǶϸдš
ȿսֻµսлѾ¹滮˱߾ĲɹõϢȻã˿ֲ£Ѿת
ŷֵ˼£лͷƣǸʲôֱҪˡ
Ƶչϵſдʲôȫڱ߾ճ£µд˺üҳֽлӲ֪˾Ȼô࣬ȽͷСྵ̫̫ǻ˵
ðлſдЩʲôСһڴصлķӦºֻһʾˣ
СаϽп࣬ţʺϻһ𣿡
ţ
лһԴֶµдһ¶ˡȷʵӦýн֮¸߶ϣлתһ룬˵̫ϸҲﲻæֵ֪öģֻдһ֣£
СӼֱûۿԵѾŬˣκλʺﲻϰϹĵĿɲֻǳ£϶ĻʺСӰ
лشīȻҪţöԵʹһζ͵ȥ֪СɩһûʲôдҴģһ͹ȥ
СӲɣ̾ǣūȥ
л鷿ţ߶ϵ鷿ѾϤˣһ֪ǺκİٺϸɻҲʲôǰٺϻ֮ʱỻʵİٺϡ
ֻһл񻹲֪ĵط鷿ǽĹһС룬һѾµͭ򲻿Сӣ˵Ҳ֪ԿģԼû֪
лǳ룬ˣǲҪ̽ϵ˽ã˴˶һ˽˿ռ䡣
һյСɩҪ͵ĻˣлֻɨһۣûдݾͱдŷʽֱһޣСдϺһֽ
СӵС˵̫˲ͣȾдôɡ
л벻ʲô˵ģôдôࣿ
Լһ֣леʶд̫ˣǸûʲô˵ġ
ȥŷź춹лƫطԸ
ǣСһȥ£лСɩӺԼдĶŷ⣬ûڡ
ȵСȡ춹лһװȥŷϡǧдӶϸʲô˼Ŷԡ
ȻԵĺ춹Ϸ˼һ֣ڻʹĸ˼ȥ˼ͳɣϷˣôʲô
Сӿ˶ˣ߻ǻʺߣյŹ˯ˣ
л˻ź߻԰·һͤɩԶ֪˵ЩʲôȻ˳ˣȥ˹ҲֻܿβҪȥһɩкȴɩȻת߳ͤȻ̨һŲȿգۿҪˤ


110 ײ
鷢һ˲, лûüɩǰɩѾС۲סǿ̨վȡл˲, ɻûȫİͻȻ֮ɫ
ֱԼпʲôգۼʧûܲסġ㺣л侲ȥ뷽һĻ, һ̱仯ϿӺ, ųѰֱ, ȷԼӦûжϴ֮л˶ˡ
òײʲôɩ֮ɣǲǸüת, ʲôû, ʲôҲ֪Ժ˾ߡлô, Ҳʶתߡ
ͱƣ˭Ҳ䲻úáһɩӣһֳлֱմ߶, Ҳ̫ãҪȶϻ˵˵ˡ
Ǹ, Ŀ, л˵һ̾ͲǴ춯, ϸ˭֮һʺ
л̧һȲòһȥ, ϵЦݻӦɣɩѽ
Ѿס, л˼ʼս֪б㰲࣬ڱ߽úõŷģĻսûþͻʲ˵ս½ҪϷĴѲݣҪҪһ𡣡
лľսɩ̸ݣ
ͲĶȥˣ絭ЦЦʵͲ̬࣬˶Ҫֻ࣬밲ȴڼУƽƽȹȻȥˡ
лͷʱһ޷ŴƺеĲһԼи֪ʲôԻɩʵʲô֪ǵİ
ѹֻڷŻҵһ˲¶ĵ׵Уƽʱصüÿһ̨µ񣬴ҲǿڿĻɩ
ʱسл˼ʺҪ飬ɷһ˵
лɤԼΣá
Ҫ鳯£ҾͲˡ缫ؽͤлȥǡ
һߣлնˣ㲻İ˴ʱһɢʵӣǡдŮ࣬һµȪˮʣɵ¡ȴഫһ˿˿䣬ǼλϬ
ʺ￴ˣϷױϸüδ˵̫ףĪлʲô֪ˡ
л岻Ծ䱸ʵʵ˵š
һ˲ɲͷת˲۲תʺǴˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
вĸо̫ãлҲ䵭ڶԶκˣǻɩ
ɩһֱ۰ĵܾܵȻзǷ֮ǺηӦһ̫ܡһɩ֪ˣҲһӦɩ˽֮ͨ¡ɩôȥɷζһο׵ܵܡ
Ҳǵ֪֮䲻ƹԶһֱֻһ˲䲻űлơݵȴֹܷؿԼ˺κҲѵá
񣬡лʺ
Ϊβأлɻ󲻽⣬²һ飬֪ԶкõĽǴһʼͲҪϲá
ʲôԭ򣬱Լ֪ͷлӣԼν±СҲ˵ñ׵ܶȻܣһⵥ˼¶˶ָҲ٣ȱ࡭ǶŮӸΪϿģ߳ѡѡҲãֻټ˵ŮӲԭù
лɵö֪⵽۵ͬ飬ԭҲǸ˼ɣѹԼ֮ˡ
ʺʱĺۺϣΪ⽭ɽΪܸպȢԼϲˡеĽΣװ׵չ¶лʺϧš
л޹գգۣôƵˣˡϣõϧΪҪáϧʣԭϵĹϵѾ
ϧϣл׷ûв𣿾Լһ˲Ҵţν
ȻЦЦĸԼԸ͸ˣղն£뱾θɣ
һתϷʵʺﻹǶĹĻϰɣĵܵܣҲ֪ѻʺûС
лԶ΢΢ĲǷ޼ìܣȻô˶֪ˣҶϰԵ۸һˣ
ص԰ʱװ·ɩСɩߡɩ²˵𣬡СҶӾȻŲ˹ĺܵܣǴˡ
Ŷл߽ӵССҶŲ˹˦ŵ鿴۾ػζſˣЦɺ϶ѣСҶӿ϶֪Լڸʲô
ǿɲһҿĺĺûӣҲôͺˡ
СҶȷиϳͬ˵ļ󣬴˵Ѿû̾˵˳ڣʱʱĳһӵĳ˿ۡ
գСҶһ˯ѣԼ´޵СܹһȦôû³
ŹŮСӲϴοʧСһ˲ʱ䣬һǳҪ£Сϴɾùţֱˡ
СҶӹԹԵԼͭдϴԺ˵ţţСҶҲҪԼԷ
лڳ麣óһ£غ԰ļҪڵĺϵԹƶԼƹó׻⻹Ǽͷһ£ûǰ˾ԽлԴء
гӶԴµ̬ҲȫͬԺԺԺʿ֣Ϊ곤һӣ²ɿغСʲôʸҪƶƽȵԼ鵯֮أԼ¶ˣ
³»ȽϿãУʺΪ¿Сغ̻ͺֻ̣ͨ˽²·ʲôìִ˷ʰȶһǷҲ˵
֣⻰̷ة̫ᣬ⸡ڱ档ǼСǴغشƷԼҸ߼תֻ֣ҪǵĹУƾʲôҲܸǶ¹أ˭ϡǵĶ
󲢲գֻлʺóǵģǳֻЩұȻ̰ʱһսɱ⡣
֣Ҳǡд˹ǣ˽ӵ࣬ı죬ǲɴأǶʡҹζࡣ
ɡлֱӲ֣飬һ˿ίûУؾԲУۼһƽ֮Ϊ̵õʲôһĸ˵ȫ̵ͨ洦ԶԶڱ׶ˣزҭʳ֪
ǵ̻˽˵ؾֱӷġɫ䣬ҵ֪䱦ǷؾܵסǵĿ֮ԱСԽԱնأǾԽҪ꣬ϸ
лͷ󷽷غƽǰԼֽãҶ£ٱϷƽ˾
ȷʵѵһ㣬֮ͨĺΪҪǿѹһһ̲ãЩСû˼
ʱŽһˡ


111 
¹ȥ, лڳ֮鷿ټš
¹ڣǫ񣬡ߵʺ
𡣡лٴμ, ¶ԼʵݲɵȻһЦӱ
С㡭ʺĸ, һаáŹŵЦЦ, ʺӦҲ˳İɡ
ֲ, ԳЦЦ˿̲֪ʺھ¥ԼжôԼ, ʺɥҲֲФ, οʥϽڣֵꡣ
ǰ֪ʺ빬, ڷӦŵ״̬̼׬ٶǮҲֻǸֵ˰ˣԱȨཻ, ǽϵĵط٣Ҳǵͷ֮, ໥ʶ, ˵ʹ֮еʲôˡ
⾩еĻʺ, ֪ĴڣΪεҪֱӼʱбһ󵨵Ĳ², С㣬Ǹн˻ʹŮӡ
СӦǻʹˣʹеŮӶǻʵ۵Ů, ﱧĺһǻӡʥֻһλӣĻʺСӵĳʱ㣬պСĺӲӡ΢룬²лݡ
ǰ׼ٴлеĲηӿֻҪԼ֪
лСӸŴ裬渵ԼĿģӣ鷳
ע⵽лôȻھ¥ʶʱõǸҡ֣ѣʺкѴֱ˵ֻҪһ㾡ܣ
غҪƶ̷£Ѿ֪˰ɡлţֻ⣬Ĵ֮ˣ·Ϣû׼֪Ļ졣
Ÿɴص˵ͷжšЩС˵ܵǵ۸Ա̸ǰⶨùأʱҰذ£ǲᱻӡ
Ҳһ¡л˭ȳͷľȨУٲԼίǾڶ֮о飬
ãŴһЦ֪޲ԡ
ֵлÿһд־ãܱסȨ棬ԹƽϾҲûѹǰСһͷ˿ϡƶ񤡣
̸һѾʱлڹţżȴлƣӱˣǻü
ʵҲߣһνʹҲһϾһƽҲжСĻʹ˵ĺģ֮˽ףϰˡ
ŵǸУ˲ڻʹлͬһͬţСӵһƫдţصȥСҶӹԲԡ
һлСҶ˵Ҫȥ鷿ף۵ɤдżί
СҶţ϶æС³Աȥ˯˯ȥòã
ҪҪھȥСҶŸ첲ڴŤСһ򾡣
лſڣ׻ˡ
СҶ˶ˣڵܵлǰסȣ°͵죬׽ΪôŻСҶһţڶӶҪˡ
˵ôһ仰ûпĿİͰͣлЦЦĸ첲ȥ͸еǸ壬ҪŻˡ
УСҶգ۾ϲߣÿһͻܿġ
ţ㻹ǵǸ˵ġлʣʲôʱСҶ̫Сˣûʲôӡ
ȻСҶӹ龫֣ǵ˵Ļǵˡ
лЦãȥòã
ţСҶӹɵͷ
лûҪԼÿӺŶ
СҶץץԼ֣ģǵȻ
лùŮһһڵιСҶӣԼؽ̻СҶÿӺԼС˵ĲˣԼʲôʲôԼͷ²ԣڷ׷ι
տʼСҶҲôԾģڸóԷʱúóԣһûóԵײʵˡ
СҶӴԼмһָͷǴСõӣ׳
лСҶôһһθв˶׼ؼԵӡ
СҶֹһģлʵڲ񵱳ܾһܾԼĺӣôСҲζ
СҶЦ¶ûȫİлԲĹĵСԴԡ
СҶӼżţҪ˯ˣ˷ܵø˯ţлֻ
ǡҲոϢڳȼ裬էȻǰ⺢ӾϳǵǸƯСޣҲúлֻǶ˼кӵص㣬Ҫ·ԿкӵģҲὫСˡ
СҶźһĶܵǰģع֣лл͸ҵĺӣҺϲ
Ż𵱳ĳʱͱʺȻлˣл
СҶԼɫǳüë棬ʱ״ңҪԼ
űЦǻʺǸȤСӡ
̷ĳ汾Уֻϳ볯̽һȥغ̸УҪĺһ£лš
̣ϱУϺеעû˱ЩԶĴԼо죬лбҪͷţ빤ͱƼںսµĴ
ɲһС£ҪúķѼʱ䣬ûӦһ
лҲԼҪѾԶԶŵĽ飬̫ǿѣԼҪףʵ̫ʣҲ˼ڣģҲ׸ɡڳиһְֻר촬͢ٺ»ġ
ȻǸˣοǵĻ治Ǯ⣬治⼸ӣҪǿԼûʱ뾫ҿԸͱĻͼֽԼĥϾֻǸ̵ĲרҵԻǽԼʵٰɡڹְͲˣֻ뵱ˡ
ڳΪ٣ǹһְǣĺҲܳܵġ˻ʺǰĺˣ֪ҪʸлߣžԼ뱻ͲԶˡ
лԼĪµŵĹǣǿ󣬿ʲô˵ҪΪѣһ֧һʳͣԺټ͵һݵƸùϵɡ
ȻлִҪֻô󷽷£ǮģòǷʲôҲá
ź𣬡ЩС̸ʱԲͨô죿
лҲпǣǴѡ˼λᷭˣЩСҲԼķʱ˴մգܽװɡ
üͷ壬صлʺ֪Щ֮жྫĿŵؿӻ㿴ѡȱ򣬹ǴݴϢ㵱Σ
һ´λѵлŵıⲢΪʺŵùԸΪ벻ͬ԰汾̷߼ලļ롣
лޱȣʲô㲻ģ
ŵ⵫ǫûʲôѵģҸտʼҲʲôӲ˵˵ͻȻѧˡ
ո֮˴򽻵ʱҲӹ٣˽ѵԼҲѧ֮ź߹·лߡ
СҶȻ̫֪ǰǸⲩѧ֮ˣ۾ǳݣôɣ
Щƨһλͺ񡭡ʵڲҰ
˻лҲõһҺûʲôˣֻСҲûҲҶ˵СҶ⻰ףл׵ѵԼеɽأɲ׼˵ֻˣ
СҶʱˣҶûм


112 ս
лһʱ, 뿪ʱСҶӻ̫٣ʲôǵãеļȷʵûϡ
СҶйʧ, 򴽣ʲôʱع
лҲ˵׼һս˵Ѿɹ, Ӧò˰, ܿͻˣСʱ, Բ˵ֻ֪ġ
СҶ, Դ
СҶ, ̫ţ𣿡
һǵõʲô, ֻ鷿һĻ˽⸸׵ģԶԶԻ繬С
ģлӱ֤߾ս˽ͷ, ɹӦʮʮꡣãǮƿ¶ҪĴ, ٴȥֻ˲Υϵĳ, лŶϺܿͻᴫعϢ, ûСȭͷ
СҶӵĲ伸£л˼, һҪԼĵҪˣ
ڳһԼָֻ̬ݵ, һԼĸϣŬסԼеͷ
л˼ЦЦǸӼЦˡ
޷ͯ޼ɰˡʹģлСҶӵҪҪԼȥ׻Ҫ顣
СҶؿһۣ˵ЩǸԺҪãȥȵ
ô죡лЦСҶӵĺԣȻȥˣһߣл㱵Ŷϻöòܻأ·϶ҪķѲãĳдϲˡ
лعӣǼɡ

ɹڣٽǰ߾פ֮زԶɹ󺹵ӡһ䵶֮ʱǱС
ϲһŮӣںīĳɢ࣬¡ĻȹճСΣǲͬɹǿ׳ŮӵŮӾ˯ţȽ䵶ؿڶδ
ҧҧսеĵٵ¡
ʲôһګһѵһȵ䵶䣬ѵɳббŮӴһϣͻ춯ҲŮӴӳ˯оѡ
ŮӾֵؽɤǱסӺѹֺģڴȥƫȴѲ
ӿ첽ϣһȵ֣һֻ־ס󱳵ֱӽˤڵϣŭɶس𣬡ˣ
ֵزˣȻŮˣţǰĸ꣬Ұ׵ͷŮԸɿݵȻںڵķ˿γԱȣ˵Կ
ŮӣòιԻסĸɹʧ¹ʱŻľ档
ȶŮʹ޲ŪŮӡ
ĸ״ȻͲСпɣס£ιɪڸУɱŮˡ
Թ޽֯ȵָιֶңûΪֻعʾǶǳءŮˣŮˣʲô罫ԴڳϸĺֶҲǳһ
ĻзŮӣŵõŮ㲣޹ˣʲôϵ
޹أȵɴ۾𾪵ؿǷǲֵĸף־ȻΪѡȺԿɹŴϢֱӳɱǸֲ׾ٱܹǵı߷лʵʱֻҪһǹЩ޴ĺ˾ԲǵĶ֡
ؽǵı߷ͼȴûóըǳŵ|ǵǮġùⲻԼǮ|ҩȫԼ𣿡
󺹲ԸٿŮȥ׼ٿӰ벽
ȴɱιҲԸٿŮԻ󣬸§§ĳ棬ֱҪϹ۾
ɱŮӣȥɱˡ
ιѾٷڴͷţʮڣɹܷɳĴһƤҶֲڲ٣˵ӻΪĿɹŮӿӾϸ塣
ŮӣɹǲԾظϧ֪֡Ů˺ͼŮϲŮӣҲˣᱻ۸˵ʱͶһЩȴӼ˵ìܣΪɱ֮
ҪҪ󺹵żɳƣιеĹ֮⡣
תͷ۾ˣֻһ㾪ţѾˡ
󺹵ĸոհȴ˵ս·æڴ檣ԼϢ
԰ٴ£ƫͷ˯һЩ󺹲ٴţҺЪϢ
һӪʣιٴ۾滺ڣżֽȻûмµֶۣġ޹˼ɵĹʹĴѣ෴ϲĸо
ڲίߵڲʹס˵ģһֽ֮ȫԼȫĽǶǰδеķɡ
Ȼ㡰ˡһ곤ʮ꣬ŮһȺдֿĲһ𣬵пɵˣӹҲ̫ѣЩŮӸԴ£ΪһŮӣֹ
ӪīȣԼĹ|һ󵨵뷨
ҹɫһɫïܵӲ֮СĲԭϣ˭Ҳһһˡ
նлҸʾٴνɹ߷ѹƵһǣɹĲԶˡôò⽫ʿƣԼҲҪƣŹ޶Ϊպܰȵǣ¼ֲա
Ϊ˹ʿӿս̣ϴûһδں󷽣뽫ʿһͬսȻηǰɱĽʿǡ
ۿɹʿǵĹԽˣ֪ܻعˡʱ˭Ҳûע⵽෽ԶĲ춯ȼŹ|ױĹУͷ׼ϵؿڣմĴǣòˣɴˣôܷȥŮأ
ɹǣ͸Ǻһĳˣԡ۶|ۿżݵ¶Цݡ
һֻէȻڶǰʱʱѾæɼͷǴǰĻס
ڹŸСҶӽȤµлȻͷһ£Īһ亹
쳣СҶӵע⣬ףΪɫôף


113 س
лһ侲, Ľعƽȣһ˲ҵĸоǼٵģʲô鷢, 룬ѵֻǸɺϣ
СҶСضл׵ݣ, ס
, û¡лСҶӵĶͷ, ʲô˻˴ķӦأ
ϣ
𰸺سԺ, лʱԼȴӻ̿, סԼɫŬСҶЦ, Ҫȥ鷿ԼòãҪĻ
СҶԥƬ̣صͷ, ãȥæɡ
лͬŸ, ת첽鷿ѾЩʱûµս, ֪Ρս, ɹȻĵķ
ϻûս𣿡лŶ, ѯʺһСӡ
Сӹޡ
лѵЩ, 鰸ǰ͹༸Ҳûƽ
СӶлȻսеЩ죬ʺʤȯյأôͻȻĪˣ
뷨һСЩΪԼһʹ飬ʺлϵλãҿᣬ̰˵ʤڼ뵽ֱӸʦسϢϲ
ϲлԼĿڣŻࡣ
ϵһګΪüƵĿкȻƱʲôסûܴ̽ȥڻƻ׺һֱӵȥ
ڶĽʿ䣬׷׾һ亹׽Զ¶īȣй|ּϹ׼ԶҲѵ
̫˼ˣȼֱţôܣͲһܳɹǼͷͿĶֻҪһƤ˾ûĿܣΪʲôûܴ̽ȥ
ܸеͷؿʱǰһССĶѹһ£Ƿļ⣬лľƣ˵Ҫ͸
ľʵؼӲϸܣױΣһ㻤׵ʸĲľΪסһ˳ŲϵĹͳľƣлġѾʸһѺۣ¶ɫǳľ
ľֻʣײһľӣϺ΢õܰ룬ʵա
лӣȻ˻
һֻڲݴԹеˣܵùߵĽʿܡǱͬھģ֮ǰһҪǰ棬ǰ˾ȻûţԼ֣֮ܣ
ѺǰŹ£ҪЮ
һۣƾ㣿ŮҪЮ˵£޿ɸɲɱޣ͸֪زȥˡ
ʾСִڵϵĶ·
Ūл
սԤ֮ӭʤɹʾͶҳŵƳٷϲɹԶʵ͵ɹ󺹰֮¼εûҰģһΪɹѡһõĶΪ̳ˣԱ߾ʮ̫ƽ
ɹûɲͬ⣬Ժ֮ºܿöϼ̶°ʦسӣ˿ӱ޸лȥ
ºлڵȵϻһգ˵ϲǲܵģֻϲԡСҶӿɻʵˣһҪʮҪˣмջջʲôʱ
лϣ⺢Դӻ˵ͱеСӣǸƪдսĵ
СҶʵȲҪϣлʹ¥ӭӣվøԶԶľǰĴ
СɩҲȣ겻лԼһֵֵشӣСɩҲ¹µŴ
СҶһǣлһֻԼСͷıܣ̨׸ߣ㡣
һЦСҶӶºչС飬˲ֻм£СҶӻеģСĺ󱳣ȥɣС´ߡ
ССҶӰһһȦСҶӵĸ첲ԲĹĵźСľһľͷƨƨ߸СҶӺ棬ȵ飡
лӣСҶһ㡣ʵһҲСҶӵӲܿƵؼӿ죬ֻϡ
Сں׷лȥӵСһСһϳ¥
ֻӦ˴˾Ǽ˴ʱɲԶ˹
лͬһһӱſڳ¥ܿԶһЩ󻹹ǰӭʥݵٹ٣۰Ͱ͵ԶһƬɽ
ԼСĺӣĽСҶӳ׳ʵȷϰ䣬һҪ׷С¡
лǸСҶ뼸ʦɵ£պֵһѧҲЦҵðСҶȥ͵ʦ
̸Ц䣬һƬľɽ֣лԾڻСҶҲ죬ԶȺеȴĳ֡
ǶڶϸոճҰʱһϳ˴ˡǧֻҪĿ֮һϳϤˡ
ǸǲǵСҶӸ߸߾ֱۻţл˵ͷ֪ôҵһܸˡ
գڽǣһ¾ȥԼ޶СҶܵȱ߽еһ۾ϳлСкԼĶӣһȻѾôˡ
ĻΣȻһ߾ôãǰȫлһˣˡ
лֶϱǰڲ٣ǺܿݣֻǱȴǰҰԡЩһҲùԼҲͲôԣ£С°ˡ
һѽӱڼͷڳһֻ־ִٵ̽ȥǣлź±ܾסлֺȻû˦϶ʱ㣬ع
ڰյһ·Уϴ޶صΥĻʹǵĺǽש߻ģֻй˱仯ЩȻлļҡ
һлͽ鷿׼õһȫýˡ
ббţ𼸱ⷭ޿ĵӦ֣ôһֱȥ޸ֿɺã
ãлɴ۾붼;ܾҲ˵ϻλǰﳼҪôոһյ鳯¾ͲһӵģӽⶼĻ
Цлľˣ֮ǰŷСӶأ޸㻹Ҫ
л𵱳£ǲЦĻϾȻţ˵ҿˣ
ոôһԭ¶ϣȥĲúദ⹷˾ȻȻƤ̹ˣ
ʵϴʺЪţһޡ
šлָָ鷿ĳУȻ꣬ǴûиĶʲôǰٺϻڻն˻µģһжǰϲ
ϵһЩսϤȻʱ֪ˡ
лĶҲûҷżҪʲôСӸңǸҸûд򿪹
ţϲˣǸû򿪹ɣ
лɻͷϣȻ𣬡ʲôҿĶ
ûСûСظ֤лǴ˵
ĥʲôʱ˿ɫ糣úӰɣȴӻ޹ˡ
᲻޶Ƕദһɵ飬ͷβϤһлЩʵûаֿеʱ䡣ҺշԳþõࡣ
лǣСҶ뿪鷿СҶӻػͷףܰҾٸ߸ߣҺϲ
Ƥлһ۴ɰĶӣȻкӻϲ͸ദŮСҶ̫ܾˣŻһգܷӵġ
ϲ𣿡лװԴףŪСһ
ϲģСҶӵͷСףһ˵š
лЦЦȴСҶקֻöôˣ
ףСҶ⣬Ҫһ£鷿Ǹ룬Ҵ򿪹һ·д׵֡
л


114 ̫
ȻСҶ̫С, лû֣лԼ̹СҶôд߼׽֮˵֣Ӧòϴ
ǸСӶ򲻿ĳ, СҶô쵽ģ
лʳСҶһСָҶ潲һͭ˿, ҾҰ, պڵ鷿ǰ˼ξͱˡ
Ȼô, л֪òÿԼӴûط, ŸСҶʦȷˡΪҪĻ, һй
лûѵСҶ, 鷿ȥòã
ãСҶӦס
ҹлСҶ˯, ֶ޵סЦ⣬Ϻò׻عôƵģ
ȿȡлɤ, ˫ۻбб, ϾؿڵæĶϡ
ڴ, 빬ǰ˯ϰߡ
лѾûеôԸͬϺúù, ҪϺͺãҲǲеģбŤŤ, û˵
һʱ޴룬˵ʲô˼Լеﱧ̸ǾȥòײŻлĵذ嶼׼˯ˣ
˼伲࣡
ţ˯ʵģһ㡣Щڱ߽˯Ӫʣرĵذ壡
лʵ̲סһЦ˼ɶʵ۵ģǰӶʣˡ⻰˵ģлģЩΪ˸ĸһȵδһ紵ɹͿ࣬ˣװͰ͵ģڵϸʲôû϶һ𣿲úøͷҪã
һʱӦл֮⣬˵ǲԼĶ䣬ֱȷлڿЦǰʾϴһֱҪƮ죡
شսлԭˣ
лббһۣôˣϻҪ׷ʣʲôʣҪӵ
л߽ǰ£ıӣٲԶˡ
̸Ǿ嵽лӵŽ뻳޾֪ϲ޵ģ
лӣϵˣôСҶƵġ
Ц޵ĶӵȻޣ
֣˵лŶҲɫСҶѾ£뼸ʦѧˡ
ƾ⻰ϵȼ䣬ôСӾȻѧˣ棬л̾СҶӵĴϻۣطʲô⺢ѧġ
л֮ǰڱ߽Ҳ˵̫๬㷳ġȻˣҲòĲĺӵδʲô𣿡
˼СҶȵɣ˫ݴûѧǲ͵лȥѧҴţѧһı£ڶ顭
Σ뵽ǰڳеة࣬ĲӡȤѧ֪ûѧĹŰ࣬Ѻúһõĺӽ̵СͷҲСҶѧܶණ
⣬ϻһ˽ģǰзǷ֮룬̽ĶӣҲǸע⣬һĳСҶӣСҶǰʱʱ̿롣
ڴ硭л˼Ƭ̣ŵùԸԸ⣿
ϣšϳҪ̫֮£պΪСҶһ̫̫
ôҪ̫𣿡лһʱܽܣСҶӻǸֵĺӣȻôҪе
ȷСҶܵҪٿ
ģǵĺӣʲôܵģһ̫죬ֻԼ빬ûܸԽСҶӣ̫ͽСҶմϳӣĿȾѧЩս⽭ɽи
лȻСҶģǻмֹǡ
ü˼ã޲̫֮λСҶӻܸ˭Ǿһӣǡ
⻰ɾлᣬٿغҪ˵ҿɲˣ
գϳʽСҶΪ̫ӣΪ̫̫Խ̵С̫Ӷ顣
ԥؽ´£̵ܽлĺӣ֮ҡ
󣬶һǰһڹС·鷿СȥС̫ݼʦͬ빬ʱڵĳ֮¡
л裬С̫ӵ£һ̫ĸŶԼĶӣ
ô죬˶СҶӵĳƺѾˣлУǸСѣС̫Ӧƫһȥǿɡ
СӸˣл˵ǼƫȥȴֻмλΧ̫ӵ¡
֪лл²յɻѣʱСҶӶָףֹ£ȻӦܿȥĵطĪҪʦµĶˣ
԰գлԼòܣСҶӸڴǼεģ෴ڴ绹мֺ棬ܸɳʧ֮¡
ǰС̫ȥ˺δ
׷ҡͷ˵֪̫ӵ½ջδ˴
лšüͷʹôСҶӵĻΧҲֻӲܣôûӰ
ֻ˵С̫ϳȥû
лԼһ˳ȥģûйŮţ
һ£ǵġ
⺢ӣ̫ˣлͷһζСҶȥﾹȻҲ֪һԼˣڶҲš
١ֺС̫ʱԺ˵Ҫʦʦ͸
лȥˣ
ôСӣۣȻ뵽ʦСҲѵãЦЦǼȥңϽ
ǡλŮɢȥѰС̫ӡҲȻһСжһʲô¿ô
СҶ԰Ѿһ֦֦ʻС߬һѻ֦Ҫֺÿɻ͸ʦ
԰ĻѾϤƷ޻䣬ִޣСҶһȴ̫⣬⼸ƴһԵÿлӦССҰǵص׺ϣĻвθУҲܳг󻨶ĽգʦŲŻϲ
ܵߣӰʯӲݼȥŰɫСϸеĻϣװ׵¶һɰĴЦϡ
䵥СҶӣδע⵽࿿İӰ
ĴѰңתת԰ͻȻСӺȵͼһŮС̫ӣҪƽˮС̫סŮӵͷסͷ֡
һͬǰѰҵĹŮ˳ȥŽС̫ӡ
лҲڵҶӣԽҲԽʱ١ּҴܵǰС̫ҵ԰ߣҪıС̫ӣ͸С̫һͬˡ
ʲôл˸ţһߴ԰СҶ·ˣԵĵûˣлϽסСҶӰο϶Żˡ
ɵӾͲ̫ˣҵͷ̶̣Ʊͺ˼ϻмۣڼżĻꡣ
һͬһĻŭɶô£


115 
ǳڳλ̷ĹŮ, һСӶûʲôŭԶһƬ˹£ľսط, ˸ͷӦʵ۵⡣
ϿСҶһң£յõϢʱ֪жţ˴ʱǰ, ǻǶư˲ɣ
ⲽǰ, ŮѾûʲôӡ, ǽճôһ¶ڻôɡ
ʵ̫ʲô
ϾȻͬ˵, ܳɹ𴽽ҳ, лгʺ֮Ů𣿡
ɴʣԼĪ򼵶ʻʺ, ŻıС̫ӡ
СҶߣʵ̫ӵ¿ɷ񽲽ŷʲô
СҶ뿪лĻֻʦŻ𷽲ŵһĻ, ҲɺһҪ͸ʦʱǡվںӱߡҸҪתȥ, ;һڱҪºȥ, ̧ץȥ, պץһͷŮ˻ҪңҾקķ, ȻԼڲˡҾô, ҡ
˵һûаֿ٣ֳ侲ǣΣյľ뵽ԾȰ취Ѿ͵ĺ˲¡
ɼϻۣлǽסغ£СҶӷӦһ¾ͻʧȥˣôԼһôԶΪβ㣡
ףСҶӵ侲һɨգ޹գ۾͸ʦҪ壬ܵÿ죬ûҡ
лһúýѵСҶһ١СҶίСҾͺˣ֡
ˣ֪飬лֵ̧ţȷ˵
СҶһƬΪβӲܣ̫ӵµʦνڳ̣ܽ
ϸ۲׵ɫоûзԣСҶ񣬡һжʦġ
лСҶʲôһƬƵ֮İˣֻС̰²ȫֻҪγԵѵԺ󳤸ԣлҲǷǷɣΪҲܸõؽ̵ãڴ˼ݣֻǸͨѧѣڴαΡ
϶Դûʲô飬עɣһŹŮˣǰΪٵĸ׻㱾֣λĳŮˣıӻˣ𣿡
ϱ֦ƣۣһǱ˻ǻϱƵģֻлʺĺӣ빬Ůʲôǻ⹬¶ϣǵ𣿡
лֻ֪ǵĴڣԴöȲȱǵľУƽûʲôӴż٣Ҳ֪ǲЩɹʺߡЩŮʵںͺã벻˼صüȻôĵ⡣
ǶԼķƫҪռָܷŮˣڲԸα빬أ
ʧʵǼҳ㷹һӲóҲǳ֮£л빬ʱûϳҲûʲô˵˼Ȼٶɣúһĺӡ
֮һŮӵó裬ȻԸ⹬ʳǵعһӣɳۼʺһΪļϵˣ檻θģŮ֮гҲó֮ǻʺΪβǳ檣
ɵץڵ¼ĺۼǻϵŮˣѵƾʲôóӣʲôûУ
ۺʵǲл֮ŮԳŮˣ㵱빬ɻǵã
Ͽ˵ͣǱ̫ѡзĹŮȻʺﻹҪߡ
޴ûѡ㡣ϵʵ
ЩŮԭ򣬻ͬĿ󹬣ƾʲô͵øÿŮɷ򣬼ȻҺٻ񸻹ҲҪûյ׼ԭЩŮӰַ֣лǻǵˣһŮӶѣں󹬾Ƕ༸ˡ
ɸҶֺӣվ͸׵飬ں󹬵Ůӻ֪жٸɣʶ󹬵ŮӶˡ
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