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12.14v֧֣л
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1.  һ   ʼ

Ǹ¹һѩշ磬·ﲻ
ݺ·ϻѩѾ·ԣ˷ǰ̾Сǰó̻͢а£⼸տк̻Ѱ಻סſڵĳȺնӺ͹ͷӵж
ߺ˷ſл˼˵ԥĿˣ·ĿˣŮˬſʰΣʱʱк·ˣ˼λ

л²ĴֱĿϾӣǳа

ѾһˣǾò˼飬Ȼڳǵй䡣

ԭݶͨ붫·ģֻһͱǣĸţ丸λʿͬлxǴ˿ˣÿСĩŻ
һл游ױڳӣ˵иƷɢְʱ˾ȥ˺ְ귽ʮߣδȢס
ֻһСܲͷ˵Ǹлxǰ˵ģĸţͻس
û
ҲҶʣֻˣ½һĳ
լصԭлһңǸСܲͷڸŵлŮа¡

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лźĿԶĿջ¥ʶһ´еĲ˹輧
ȸֲʶһһʮ׿ȸ֣Ǻεȵ

гһ·߻ȥ±Ͼףû˳ʱ˷ܣƵʣӣǰңҪչ˺㡣
лɻͷЦЦʣҲǺúõ𣿡
˵Ҳûʲôʲô˵ʲô磺½ɾףӸֲڼҡ½ҼԺգ½ɷ׿СǶʶӵգǷ½ɡӻǵ͵ЩΪáŴһү˵½һ̽ˡ˵ӡ

ϾС˵˵ž̲סˡ
лʣ½ɹƯ
۾һƯǷʡĶɶ
лŶΪȻٿҲʮĸܺÿȥ
ѾǱᶾĹְˡ
ź˵½ɣͲҪˣ䲻ҡ

¼ΪȻһ·ੲݵĽ½ɵĲԺңлҶȫ¡

񶼲ôܵˣп߿ѧʶƼˣСǰտѧʽģôͱǿѧܵأ
ɺ࿼òϰͱ·ŵ꣬ڽӵһ͵Ϳ

ҲҶʣҲҹڷ͵͵ţĻؼҡ
»ੲݵ˵ɾ۰ӭͷײ½š
½ǳˣΪԭĸˣ˿ģлɵĸȢ׺Ͷݣ֮˿ⳣ⣬лĸš½Ҳǹ硣
һװȵʣǣ

λʮͣлɲ̫ɡ
½̾ȰﲻݳǣŸýūŲǡ
лһ֣ԭҲǸصĹСӡ

½ţ׼ʳ˲ˣ̿˵Сӣɡ
лڨڨķӣﰧ̾£ûһ̲ˣյ̼ˮ⣬Ǵţ⡣
ôȥĲС
⣬æ˵Сӿ֪ܲɰ⣬Ұ
л㻤ӵӣСƨû棬׸Ҷȡ

ر𻤶̣СܲͷĶһʮĸŮȱװ׵дϣҲüƽϡ

лϲ˵˿תɾѺȥʧ
ƽ˿лĶл˵ллxлӼΪĸж˴ͶһҵΡ
л⼸վסڵˡ

ԭһ궼δܼһθףλ˵ͦģ걼£˵綼ûףֲ˲ûôԣ˳죬
Ǹڵֺɾ´ͻûжףɾǹСơ

лɿЦãʵڹˡ
˵ȥδȢֻһʳסС
ŵǸˡ

лլռغܹ㣬˵լӱǹٻ¼լ󱻱лɵĸһСӸڷСլᵽ
Ժ᷿ӣסںԺãһˣбøƽһףֻðѰµɷԱ
¶˲˺ӿԡ
Ⱥ˿յĺһ㣬ھͲٺˡ
лҶǼҾʵ̻ȻЩٻ˼ҵĳʦݲݳھûθڣ߰¶ȥȥԷ

Сܲͷѧڷ׼ӴҲʡ鷳۲Ϊ
ʱ֣ԶƳһſ̾Ҳûҵʲôް취֪ôȥǰȻƶũ࣬Ǻ˼ûпɱԡ

һǷϵĽдʼǣճȥÿջܼ¼ţʱʣȷʵǹǴܣԪʮꡣ

֪ǸңǴܳҲûԪš
߼¼̾굽ʱĸ϶ˣôܻȥ

ʳͲ裬ڵ¿飬ԣʼе㷳С۵긾Ůüƽϣʣôˣ
վ࿴ϵֽʣⶼԭݴġ
£Сһ£Ǿòڣ
лɱдʼǣڵôᡣ
̧ͷͣɱ׼ȥԽСӣ˾ȥ˺֮ǰδȥСӡ
лէһ⻰û⣬ϸƷͲ̫ζˡ
ҲţóʣֱʵְΪλᱻ˵겻̫ƽ𣿡
֧֧ᣬǰ;һֱɢ١
лŶԭȥҵȥˡ

þòԣҲ̫ģ˵ɾСӶµڳﶼһģ绯½ң½ķʣ½ҴһһĹٻ˼ҡ
лЦʮˣŸйְһŰĸǺ
⣬лȰ˵Сӳ֪ϵطˣ˶࣬СӲóȻš

лǰڵλҲǸˣǴҶ֪ɻʵڣƢá
е㷳Ƕ˸ƵķСģһ˶̲סˣŤͷϸϸĿ顣
лʣǸҵģĸ𣿻

лɲлʮ꣬ʮˣֲʮꡣ
լڹˣǰˣˡ
Ļˣ̸Ŀڣū˼˵
лûˣ£˵ųǷݷھ£ȱÿҲֻǴСɾڽתת¡Ҳؾţִ֪硣
ϾͣСҲ˵зִ磬ִٵЦЦ

лҲֻǾһ䣬ʣﻹʲô𣿸ÿ겻ҲڼңֻǺ͵ܼܵڼ𣿡
ʵˣ𣺡ǵǣﰢת̶Ӹɾ͡³һڽׯϣûд¾Ͳ
лɺ棺ׯϣ
ֿʼԺ˵ɾڽĶһӡ
лһҾͦʵģû뵽˿ʮ꣬˳ǣȻüҾףзмҵˣһҪȥ
źȷʵǾò̤ʵ




2.     

տຮûʲôֻҲûпɿȡůʩֻϴ˯ˡ
ѩ֮¶Ⱥֻܵͣгůͣǰ󣬹Ȼ˳˺ܶ࣬лѵ涼û
׼һʣʳ
ͷ⡣
ֱ̾ôȥƲġ
Ƭ̣ûǳԷҪʣܰ˵𣿡
򣬰ʣСӴǲǲϲҵգ
Ǹٶ۵ʵˡ

лæ˵ֻ뻻ζ
ûʸޣҿǸʵִˡ

ŸϹɽǽһ͸ףˮ⡢н
Щ򵥴ֱûʲôʳġ
Ųϼ򵥵ĳҲʲôóԵʳǷϵ˵ɡ

ʳԵĲģʱţмƻˣҪȥвɹЩʳԵġ
һķԽߣԽ֣ϧǴա

Ҫ괺գ϶ܼʶ̫ʫСٽжȴ磬仨̤κδЦСʢ
ת˺ܾòҵлҵ˿ַ̣ܿ¥ϹϢ̺ǿ⿴һ㡣
վڵ￴۸ɫ˿˿ࡢ𲼣ĿлӺŽȵһʱ֪ôкæ˵·
лǸйصˣ⵽֣ʹС
˵˰Ҳòף˵ɾĻѾߣūվܹңСӲҶѵ
лɼˣæ˵ôᣬʵԳţ¡
лĺһһ˫ۣ˷ֲ۾۾΢΢ͷĿлɼˣؾ֡
һֱţӻȥæ

л߱˵СҪʲôūȥ
лʣ⿴š
л˵꾰ãȥ꽭֣˿۸һǣ꾰ֲã˿۸ߣɾƻкܻµˣɾҪǻͳû·
лҵѾôˣһˡе㻳Ҿļҵе鰡

·ľ磬ɫƤ壬ޣϲЦտСɾ
лĴʧɫæӿ֣۲ĻͷǸЦЦлкɨһȦȷʵ˺ܶʵĶϧյ߲˼۸ˣȽϰοһȡ
лһ·Ȱ˵ֲ֪οڡ
л̿

ϻȥҪ棬ָ飬Լֳͷ
ⰾͣ˽ǡС¹㣬ɫӽ㣬ζﶼŨζ
лѧվڳſ˷ܵʣʲôô㣿
лʣôͻˣ
лѺϤֻ֪ǽ㡣˳˵շҪȥ⣬ǻˡ
лɼСܲͷһͦòģ˵ԹãȻ档
ݷĸɻ飬ŹŨŨĩӣһѴ顣
žͺζ
Ȼǲȱٵζ

ϵʳȷʵõҵһº
ﻹûгˣҲ߿ټлҸ˸ɢ٣ԾѲ̻е㽲ˣԲô⡣
ɫҰζǺܶࡣ

ϴҼлָӵȷʵζ
½ԣСӻǺʱһĻúö
лÿСӣ꣬СҲ֪ȥزȥ

лѺķлѳԵ⽴۷
лɺܻ˵ģлѰķ

Сܲͷһ룬ʣһԡ
лɺʳܳô࣬ϲĻ
лŶ̱ںϡ
лʣҵˣ
Сһ̾һԹĿ
лɿʧЦ˵ҲҪ飬￴
Сһ￴ܸˣҴܻȥñīȥˡ

վ£ǾͶˣӽλ̵ɾܻ꣬ǸҲȥǰˣ˵ʱǨĸоִͬȥ硣

лԴɲܻһ㶼⣬ֻдǰ̣겻Ҳ
ǱһһӾһˡ
˿ʼл½ÿճȥɹõĶͿʼɨС
ֻлУԾ͸⣬ÿ̰ʳ

ڶԭ׷лҪȥ½лȥԺڼ︺ɨлԼ³ƷͺͰ˸ʳ
ǰȻУ⣬ûǣнʵҲȹʱˣҪǡ
п飬ˮϣ¹ӽһֱζƮżˮĻ
¸ջǰֱ㡣
Ϊû߲ˣеģûһġԻһ׶ѿ
ѿ˿һ
һͣҪΪ̫磬緹̫õȲͻԵӣҲ졣

緹ʱлһ鷳ó²ųڳиСҰŴ򿪣ǸԷĺõط
ף˵Ĳ࣬½лȳԣ˲ϣûء

лЦЦĿ˵Ȼӣ˵ľǹأ䣬ڳԷ
죬ֲҿڣлѲŻлҲ
¶˳һ⣬лкҪ²ˣǶ

ѿ˿ˬڣֱС
˳׷Ϊѵס
ΧϣлףһеСڴ˿ڲ˾ζ
л˿ں⣬Сӣգ
˿ں⣬žȷʵĺóԣһֱͷ

½ϲ˿ѿˡ
³˿ڲ˾Сӣóԡ
лûԶ٣ڼƻںԺֵˣ㻨
һ£ѾˣȷĻزȥˡ
Ҫˡ

¶ֱͶأܿдֻ֣գѰСӵӴöࡣ¼СǣŲǴСӣ֮ˮ˯˼գ֮ɾ·ճȥй䡣
ѰСӲͬ

֮лɲЩֻú棬͸ھۼɨˣֻ˵
붫нЩڽϺһף˭ҳ˵һлѽǸԽľģھӵĸӸǶ̬ȡ
ھӵĸӼлһװվſڣЦʣÿεСɾɾˣ

죬ʧЦɾŲܹңǼСӣɾչ˺Сӡҡ
Ӿȵ˼л̾С⸱磿Ǹ˳˷½ɵСӣ
½֮Ժգڸлɣæ˵ҼСഺ٣ǻáֲڼңżŰ¡
ӻǾЩڳʷõ꣬һһŮ˵Ӷ׵Ůٲţ֮һֱûٶס

л˼ģлڰ֣Ͻȥˡ
ȻزȥҪ취ôȥܲʮഺС顣

˵ǧټΧ֣ʮֲ裬ֻϤȥи·̫࣬ǲס֣Զ·̽ԹһһһϤͼÿջؼһһͼߵԶˣԻЩ
˷Ϳǰ˴һ𳯷ָָ㣬λ־˵ھﵱӦһֱ̫ƽɻߣԼŻ󿪣͸վſŵļкӴлСڻˣ
ǳĴ̶
лɿûԽȥˣţͥＸֵçΧһߣǰվһλˣüΣŲǸģһ˫۶´
ллվǰ棬ֻ½˶ţϾһءлվ½һ߿Ӻް취
ʣôˣ




3.     ծ

̶ЦЦ̵СɾãǷծܸû˰ɣ
лһ£ֹлʣʲôծ
ŵĽǷǮԼչǰлǰҽǮһ˿ȥ˹⡣Ѷۿľ͵ˡͨӿɶӰ

һۣȥôһǮ
ʣôǮɡ
лɻͷʣҸǩģ
лɵĵͷ

лһڣڣʣǻû𣿡
ȴ˵ǷծǮҪծʲôӣˣ컹Ǯ
лɿͥԺƵ֪ͣҹˡ
ӲͷƤ˵ȡɣţϾǴĿҪһ

Ц˭֪л̵ϵĻ˸ˣһ֪װʧ
˲Ǯߡ

л޷֪ԣǼôôõ£
ˣеֻͣףҵ׾ȫָ㣬Ҳδظҽӣβҳ뻹㡣

˼˵̹󼸸󺺴һƣļç̿ʼɨ
лɺȵվס˭ҽţվȥȥ˵ҺȰˣҸǷծвʱգҶ壬λأ
һ˰ΣлȷʵڳΪ١

ݵĶ˺þã󲻸ĺлɷźݻ˵㻰ҪȻ˭Ҳ㣡ߣ
һȺ˺ƺƵĳȥˡ

˳źлæţһδģ
һţлѵԴлɿȥֽлѽйʣԺôй𣿡
лѴû뵽ô󣬶ʱ򣬻ô
Ͱ˵ûûС
ŵץлʣô죿ɾĻıô죿

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лɥǰʱɱǧĻ˸ˡɾ͵ȼ
лʣжǮ
лֻѾûˡ
лıƢסˣڽס˲£ⱨӦˣ

½۰Ͱ͵ĿʵûʳݲӦ£лɻط½ڻƽ̽µͼ½ԥԣʣʲô˵ģ
²ԭ˵СӴټҵ󣬼Ҳƶˡ
лɻͷƫʣŶ٣
½ծСӣ򲻵ѣó

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½ȥͿʼСӵңСܹ˾ҵ·ƷʣСӵ˽Ǯơ
̾СӣԲסˣҲΪ˵׼ҪĶˡ
ӣ˷ڳİڼʣµĶҲû١Ҳ֪Сôġ
һǮƣǰӰ𣬳ɫһܿ͹ֱ֮ۡϲ
ѾͨǰãͭǮ˿ճͨ϶ࡣ
˵֣׼вȥһʮǮǵһ׶ʮġ
һǧǮһᣬлϵǷծһǮһ㣬ǷծһὫһڡ
լӣеĵ꣬⼸˶Զġ

С˽ƣҲ͹ʮ֮ģִֿۣСǸŰ
䲻Ｘһֻ̣ҲɣＸѻ̿ʧ룬¼ҲɢǣǱżˡ
νϾԼңҲǼͷ۵Ĵ£˵ôû⣬ƫƫ̽ϣͲǼˡ

һСӵȻһ顣
ټװϵֽ䲻ôϸ壬ȱصֽҪ׺ܶࡣ
ȫϣһһķμǡƿҵ
ӣμǣۣŽͷҲ̧ѣȥţٽ
¾ŵ˳ȥСĵźֱӽʧЦ˵źҪ˵ſԽס𣿡
¾н˵Сӣ֪ˡ
лɼǰĻþʣѵˣ
ʣӣҪǻծ
лɺ飬ʾϣ˫һҡͷ
лЦ˵°ɣл˵
ϣĿ
лʣ㰢ʵģ
µͷæҡͷ
лʣԭǮģ԰ɣ
³ɵĵͷ
ǱҰȫˣԲԣ㰢үǼҲɢ޲Բԣ
¾ʣô֪

лʣҰҲȥȥܻ˶Բԣ
¼ƶɥʵ˵Ҳ׼СӶ죬ǱͲǴɵĹǳ¼ұˡ
л;ҹֵֹģЦʣ׳ʲôˣ

¹ԹԵǰ˻ܶ࣬ʹɶǺÿ͵Ը񣬼ﾭнסǰɵ˷ӦھﵱպãҲãһλʷУҽգڳʷɺͳ¼ɾ֪Ϊ˿ڽǣ¼ɾŭûим·Ϸɣɺ£չˣһȺ˶ܽס¼ɾûץסɾɴȡ¼ǹٻ˼ңԺգǻ˾УȨѹˣ̾ͽͶ˴Σ»˺ЩϵŽ̳ŵĲҲûˣĹҲˡɲȥͶλ塣ҲΪ˲С鷳ɾ½ҳæ½ɾڣûæ³¼ұʱӰСӵԵ

лһãл˲治ʣǳ¼ǲиͲСӣ¼Һ½ҹϵǲǺܲ
¼ˣŵĿο˵ɣû¡

±Ƕͣ¼иСӣӳǶܸߡԭ˵¼Һ½ҽף˵Сӵ˳СӵԵ

лʣ׵ʱ½Ұæǲǲֹûæ˵
һλСʲôܲµ֪лɾ͵̨ףĥҪ½Ȼڻ飬ûʲôˡ

лɵͷ֪ˣȥׯϣҲһȥɡ
ԥ˵³˸ߴ³ֱƢãСӻǡ
лɰڰлͣǵú㰢˵ҾͲʳˣ˳ʳǰܻȥǮɣݱ֮ǰＸλǰͨڹңлػ̡̻
¾ϲĿʣģ
лЦЦͷǡ

ڶһ磬һ·ԺȹӴžòˣҪɵҵ©ļҡ
˰µĻЩˣкЩţ
лڷǰ±ڼ׼ţлš
һγǣϺȸֹΰһٶ׿ĵ·ȻԼȣ˲ϡ
ԽϾӻԽ٣Щ沢ɲ԰ˡ
ȵ˽⣬һ޼ʵѾȥˣϡɼͰķݴлΪĶǽ˽һʱŵ֪ˡ
³ܿԶɽмᣬԺͣ£л˳ЩᣬлǰĶ
лϵʮĶµʮĶܹʮĶ
лǸ˹ˣİĶֱˮʮĶˣ˶ʮĶµ
ǹ˴ţƣıһִǿˡ

Ϊ˾Ǳ˸˲٣ҵܾˣĵز




4.     

лɿԺӣƹƣʰľŵ¹ͱൽһĿ
ʣׯһӪĺһ㣬˵žͺեʲôǮ

лж˳˩վ﹡˵³ڿ죬ȥˡ
Ϻʣȥʲô
ôãû˵Ҫݡ
ʣֻ³һ𣿡
л³ɥСסƹأ³ĶĶ츳
лĲΪȻ²ۿ⼸֪츳һ㡣

лŲ﹡ߣ͵ģѩ֮˿ƣ⼸ů糤ϲˡ
ʲô
ոһףǶʮĶµֵޣ
лʣ𣿡
лҡͷҲô˵̫

ԶԶ﹡һͷлƬ̺³ĸͣ磬һ׾š
лɿֻһоߵı߽һ̴򣬻ǰ½࣬оŵɱУлüʣǣ
лǿЦŽͣСӣǰŴݻҵծˣСĴ߳ʡ
³üŭ᣿
лҲֱʣׯ
³ŭĿ̣˵Ѿׯȫˡղǿάơ
лֻžǸƲҾһ¡

ۣ߱³¶ɫǱϾʮ巼䣬ֻͷһεСɾָлСͷ¶汼ߡ
лɰڰ֣˵ͲҪ˵ЩˣǰؾЩϸϼһ㡣׺ֳҲǺް취Ȼծ˵
³Ժţ˵ǸɾֱһƶϴǸ˵ϴ³ٸɾˣֱҪ

СҲˣ³ԸȥʳлҲʣҼڳǿɻ׽߶ݣ
³˼ңɾǳˣиü޵ǺӼϵӵܣֻҲǲǾ߶
лæ˵߶ģӷܻǲ񡣡
л˵˵پǼĹʽ
лɲ˼˵һһȥǮ
һʣҶ׵½ңҼҹϵΣ

³ȻլＸҪ˵ټϿģٲȻһ䣬ڼլı
뺷ĳòǱ䡣

³Ƭ̣½ң˵ǹٻ˼ңߣײֽ̼ύǼҵķᡣ
лһŶ

лܿˣôҼҶף
³½Ҽݹ龩ְǡҾɾ½Ҽ飬½ɺСӵ¡СӲŸջ·
лɺʣң
³Ժ˵ūݷ˿񣬺Ϊˣɾڳ¼ҵɾؼҵ
лɻͦλ˵ģͦһˣôڲƲء

ʣΪβׯЩȥׯԽԽС
³εĲ֪ô˵
лһɫԣСӲ֪Ķ֮أֳЩ
лҲ۴ɫ˵ȥȸӷţ֪£ⲻȥ߶һ

Ժôׯˣ¾ծǸ⡣
ʵиرҪķʽ
½ȥǮ

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۶Է˵ҪΪǮ治Сѵļȸ

лϰװһЦ⣬ԸˬʣŹòں˵ֲڣһСּҵڣùòҪ黳
ٲȻһСɾ

лЦ֣˵л˵ˣøҸȥţô£һСôӦĹ
л˵ΪҵΪҵԶߣʵڲŷ˽³룬ùܽһ֮
лΪѵ˵Ҽɾٺ»ޣóʵڲ࣬ҵȵȣתһ
лɾƭʵĲⱨӦģû취ˡ

лǲ˲֪ȥĴ䣬Ц˵ȸū˻ؾţܺ½ҽףǺ踣ں󡣡
лɺʣǸ½ҵǸʲôԺңǸ½ֲǻʵ۵ĶӣȺˣһĽڳޡ·һ鷲ӣ콵˸

985˫һѧҵҲصеģҲ̳ĺϡЦ
ҪǳȷʵҿԶ࿴

лл赽˽һǧᣬɼҲǺҪˡ
лĸлˬʵĸˣ֤лùõĴ壬תһ꣬ԭ
лЦ˵ȸū׻ңܲӲ˿ҵ١
лʵŮϹллɽлùԮ֡

Ӵ޼һдлӸллţ׷ȥʷĿջлҵǸŵˡ
˵ѣںһŷǳ㡣
ڴںϣһߺȾƣһź貽ãһУлкɡ
˻ͷлֿллɣüЦклλСɾ
лֵĿ˵˾رУŨüۣرǳִ˵û׳ݸУ۾Ư
лϰ˵Ըһ˵˴СɾҼӷţҼҡ
л˵лɣˣӷš

̨ϵĺһ߲ɫע
˶ȻȻһִϣȻȻŤͷĺһǶɵϰߡ
Ť󣬶ŮһͬʣûʲôŮĸŮӳȻ󷽵壬ʱ´ҹ

ЦʣλСɾǣû˵ﻹôһλСɾ
ԭǹùüĺӣлֻ˵СݣŻ
ЦŶԭ

̹ȻɫЦɫǾޡ
л֪κû뵽ôˣлɻͷ̨ϵ輧ǶػͱڻɫתԾˮֱ޵᲻ûȥ
Ǽո߳

ʶ˼ǹϰߣ۲˲һյʱͶ϶źͬһط˼
Сӿûôӣôϲһɫ

Ǽį̫ˣˣִ﷢̹̲ס׽
л޾֮лɣŽʱˣžʹСɾˡ
лɳǰźĻͷ̨ϵĺһᣬĴ̿
ϤڸУѾܾûָоˡ




5.     ½һծ

лͿʼƷף⼸ȫ޳ԶֳܣӲӣ
лЦ˵ǸСɾлӽлҵСɾҲʽҵСֵܣûʲô׵ĵطع
лȻû˵
лɵǶԴӡ󲻻źǽӴʱ̫̣ûʲôʱܵлʲôʱյš

Ȼȥ½һżվſڵлʣôˣ
½Ϊѵ˵½ˡ
лֵʣʲôˣ
½лĸߵˡ
лЦЦ٣֣Ǯˡ

ݣִٵϲϲһЦּһװתһ˵
л̨׽ʣλǣ
һ˲Ⱥ󣬴𣺡ҼҴǲһлǷƤǮô£

лü⿪ͷе̶
ʣǼҴʣǼɾʣ
ưĴ𣺡λСɾʻ֣Ƥ½Ҫ½Ҫûô£ǲлǷǮҪܽǮƤš
лɲҪĴ𣺡Ŷô˵Ըлһծˣ

ĵһɲСĿСɾǲ֪׹Ѱ˼һһٹᶼɰȹһˡôһǮȻҪᡣ
лŶеʧʣҪҸǼҴǷֲڼң˺л½Ҳи׻󣬶лЩʱգת˶ԭ
߰˵ҼҴ˵ˣܲܰװƤŵĻһͽǮҪлǷծΪʲôǷծҪ

лʧЦλ½Ҵ˼лң˦ҪлһծҪͷлҵĲʹ졣
վǸʵˣҪǺһŮֱӾͰ˺ȥˡ
Ҹծָ·ȥ½ҪծˣҲȷʵˡ

ⳤﶢлҺͿʹ治ٰ
û½ôƷƷ

˵ɣдŽݣֲڣȷʵ֪׺ͱϵ£ֻ֪ת⣬½ܳȡ
˷д˽ݣд˷лš
ݸû뵽ʶ֣֣ʣлСӣ
лʧЦ˵ҪȻأ
Ͽ¿лɽͣһСӲŰݷã־ʲôʱЧɾɣǮʱ־ݣͬҲɾУҿԴӦǴһҪֻҪԡ⻰ǼҴ˵
ɵˣűֵӸˡ

ˣ˿һ˿ģô͸ԣ½Ҵߣû뵽߰½ӵˡ
鷳ݻȥˣ¸׬Ǯˡ
ˣһɵ֣ʣСӣô£
лϲ˵Ǯ´а취ˣл÷лȥһׯҪԸ
ûʲôǻۣСëҲһѣڿһжչ˵һլӲʧʱϲüңл˵ϳԵõģ⼸Ҷˡ
ûѧ⣬лɾԼ
ΨԼв˶
˼Ʒ

͹нⱬ㣬¹ӽ㣬ϼ
ζֱȻջֱٳԲᣬ̲ס㰡
лɱ߳˵ʱˣóԵĸԡ
ζݣ⣬ĺһ

ûгˣҲһûʲô߲ˣ⼸յݿˣ˲ôԣΪ⿷ޣݿ˲óԣζҲޡ
ʱݿûִĴײ˺óԣܱûǿ
һײǷǳбҪġ
ҪһЩԵˣܳԵĶ̫ˣûûζġ

Ǻͻ¹ûӣʤްɣݿ¹¹˵ըУлϰ߳˵ıǾŵлɰĹըˡ

лףл½࣬һĺлԵͣлݡ
лźԺ޲ڣлֻײˡһ㼦
ʣ½Ǹʲô˼
л˵½ҲǮףҶȹѹأ׬Ǯٻǡ
лʱⶼˣ̷ⲻʡ
лʣʲôʵģ
л̵Сδţ½ұ͸ţǡ

лЦ˵֪˭ծ½ȥˣ½Ѿ֪ˣԲǲʡܲ˵ðæ½ҲԼвҽ費ǼҶỹǮġҸ½дһŽݣʱԭ¸״ҲΪܲΪҵаͲ˸֣ư˰
Ҫǲô˵⼸Ĵ

ֻΪ˰οˡ½ֻ˵ϻлʵͬġ
Ͼлҵ
³ź⣬͵͵˵˭Ǹ˵ģôȥ½ҪǮ
԰˭أлҲллǸˡ

½Ԫֵȥ½һķסһլĸĸҰڣ½ϴǰǹӼƣ֮ǰµĵʦ˲´󶨣˵ʥ԰ݷãٶɰٲ顣½֮ȹ֮ö𾴡½ڹõ½ɣλС
½Ԫһ檣Ů½֮Сϻۣ꣬һƪۡ¡СҲСͯţĲɳڣƷòһ˵½жż׼

½ϼ½Ԫ˵ɾлҵ´ˡ
ǰڴ˵Ҫ½Ԫ
½Ϻӣһлҵծһҹû˯ԹƫˣƫƫӶôһŲ¡
½Ԫ򶨣ȥһ֪ȥлҫһ
½Ԫʣô£
½ƽлҾծά裬ֻлСӣһװճ˻죬˷Ȼ½ծպػϡһСӸ˵Ļ
½Ԫ˵СӵЩ

½һգ벻⣬üᣬŭɾ㵱ҪлףյծţҪⳤЦˣ
½ԪǸ׶µ£ĪҪл̼֮ңͥưܵҲСΪ˻δź¡
½ϸͬлСӿɲʲô˳Сӣյһװ˻죬ָܶͥһ뵽ǵ֮ҪƸôһλӣҾ͡
˵žͿʼĿڿʼصĿ

½Ԫļ簲οҲҪ̫ǣȥʣл⣬Ȼ԰ǡ

½ĻҲǶɿڵ˼æֻҪ£ҾǴӴիݷԸģǼ֮ⳤ˭һ䣬Ҫ߹;ģٹټӿܡ

½ԪֻǸƷĸУ;ϣһŵδڶϡ
ȷʵҴ⡣




6.     ׼ֵ

ڶһлɴлȥ˽ׯϣ³û뵽ûˣæ˵ԵֻӺһֻ¹ǻȥʱϡ
лЦ˵æų԰ɣׯЩţʲôʲôţ򡣡
³˵ʣ³ʶţĺ𣿡
³ӣҾţĺ֣

ʵ֪֮ǰ³һȺҪȻҲּʮĶޣֻɾǰǮȺˡ
лЦ˵Ǿͺð죬³ˡоլҪһޣô
³ʣСӡ
лЦ˵ûСӣֻСɾ³Ժɱдˡ

³λСӣǸˣСǳЩĸˬСӣݡ
л¢һȦˬ˵Ǵʡ
³ںϸʣ򣿡

лĥ˵򣬼Ѽ춼һ˲ġô
³ʣɾծ
лһ۲Զĺӣ˵üĿˣʱҪҷҪ׬Ǯծ
룬⵹ùҪԼ׬Ǯ̤ʵ

һ·Ϻ³˺ܾׯ״³Ѿ緹³Ķӽа䣬ʮ꣬³һǿ

緹л⣬ϴ³һҳԵĴֲڣԶļˣ³ԺǲҵвأǳϦŴοµ³һң˳Ĺ
㹤ãŽһпŽǵķ룬ˡ

³˵СӲ³ʳԣ
лɰڰֲᡣ
˻˵󣬴Ҵʱ䶼ׯϡ
ǳźıؾ֮·һγɣƹ˺Զ·δųׯȷʵǽŲԶλ÷ǳáԶдׯɢĲͼªũҡ

˵ջͶӽһζҲǾôԣĺܲϰߣ˱뺷ʳĺϰߡ

ûǹ꣬Ĺ̫ˣס󶼸ԣǮһĹſ̫пůɣҪ׬Ǯˣôȥһ㶼ֹۡǵ˻鷳ġ

ſϲ̵ʣСӣղ𣿡
Ϸʣѧѧѧ𣿲õĹ𣿡
Сɫһ˲ͱˣĵı˵ղͣһյĶûѧᡣкܶҪæ
ʮС͸ÿΪѧϰ
һ֣ðɣ죬ټ顣
һ֣Ц˵½½Ҷġ

лɲ½ɺ½ǸʲôϵʣҪȥ𣿡
ҡͷл˵ˣȥɣܹծ˵ˣлҵСɾ

½֮񣬰󲮰ݷͬڲѧ϶©ϲҲˬﲻôûôĹء·ſڼūлҾºǽͺˣǼϹصġ

ǰ˰Σ׼ǣ̧ͷͿлɣлһɫԲ쳤ۣżɫ磬ͤͤٲȻһεСɾ½ۣ֮λǣ
лĲʾ⣺Ҹֲڣվд½ֳ
½֮ȵĿһʱ֪˵ʲôлɺСɾƵЦ˵׶Ҫȥݷ½ңǼЩӣ͵ˣĳ½Ҳлл½Ҳȼ½ֳһҴ
˵ų½֮һ

½֪֮æĸ첲־Ҳԣջֵ
ôϽҲһѧĲɺãϾ½ҵĶɴС½ϽϰɵġҲͬȽϳڵһλ
ֻ½ɴ£ǳҵŮǰŮȾȥûжס
·æҾ͸ˣСʲôѴҡ
лˬЦ˵ǽлСɾɣлҵøλ£ٲҪ߶Ÿλ
½֮ڴӦʲô¾ҡ
л֪ǾջҲ̹½֮˵½Ҿǹٻ֮ң½Сɾ˵ǲһ

лЦЦ⣬طƵĵͼȡܱߵĵͼѾˡ
Ҫܵأлҹùõ˽ǮҪ½ҵһҲҪ
ǵծ

³ڳʷˣһӱ̶ӣʷֵķǳջΪһҴɵĿջžͼڵյǰȾƿϷͬǽûк裬ǲ˿ͷͿлɶȻĵˣ
٣ͦ˵ġ
лҲŤʣ͵𣿡
Ǻżӣʵ˵ڻŴ·˰ɣûȥݣ̫
лʣݵ𣿡
ЦҲ⣬ҸݴʷҲǸȵġ
лŶ/˾ҵĹӡ

лһЦʣأ˵Ǽ⣿
л˵ѾˣӸţżˡ
Ȼ򵥣⼸ո׵ĳʷҪȥݣóһˡ
лҲ飬ˬǾлˡ

Ц˵ϧ˽ûк裬ǾлСóˮ⡣ҵһ
лڶһ㶼Ȥ˵ֳĲˣδرȵˮ⣬ʣڿζ档
һ룬ʱȣܾˣΨһϿͬлɣȷʵ볢ϤĿζڣһų

лɴϣʣһֱں߶ʵӣˮ
Цʣ˼ǣ
лҲҪ׬Ǯҵ٣Ҫһˡ
뷨ȫִ˵˼άʧЦ֪
У֪ˣ̶ţӣҲ֪ͨ㡣

л׬һ⣬õĴ𸴣ӡˣĻȥˡ
£ũͿʼũ·½ˣҰһƬ̣лϣһȺ½лںţׯϡ

³ѵˣ˰æϽȦõȦ
³Ѿ׼ǷлɵļƻԺƵݺĴƬյպã᷿мõⷿһҪô
᷿Ÿոǻæµ³һסںԵĲֿ
лɿ۷ӣ³ʣ˼Ƿӵġ
лЦ˵Ϊ˷㣬Ժ֪ôˡպסҲһʱպҪæµ
ԱƬɣ֣ɣޣؾڸڡ

³ڵ˵ů˻𿻡ûůĶʵ̫ˣֱܹӲ崲һȡů
ڰºŽãȷʵɣԸˬ죬ɻлɣСӵķѾ׼ˡ
лɽȥۣٴλķһСԱһŴ󰸼ԱܣǺ¹
ˡ
۴⣬Ժʰƽ³ĶӰӶǳȥˡ

УлҲׯϣ³һ׼лһֱŴϢܲҵʵˮ߲ӡ
³Ӷµأлɻİ˰۹ҵ˸ڵξټһĶµ
ǰӶ֣ûл˷͡
³﹡ϵǵ˵һĶǲܻرأ
³ֱ˵˰ٹǮ׻ˡ
۵أʣϵһĶճɣ
³ϵһ꣬׳ϸµ

ϸϸһ㣬һʮôһٽһ㣬ũѰװʳı֯Ҳ߰ʮһĶضʳ
̾ҪһԬүӣһĶߵʮ
ҪоģҪȻһ˶ö

ǾϸҲģûţũֵЧʺͲס
ԸЩҰݾ͵ˣҪ֮аš
ȥڷ˼ʱ䣬оʽͼ

Ȼͼֽ³ѯʣ㿴ܲؼ򵥿һ㡣
³ͶľϸϸоƬ̣֮ǴϲûϺ˵Ҵȥľȥˣûʽˡ
³֪ҪľŶҹĸϹ
ǰĶĵؿû⼸³ӶڷأĴɾʮ㡣
ׯ˽ʮӶũغҪڹЩţʽ磬³˵ùͣԼܶࡣ

һ͸ʳлó²˰Ҫ±⡣͸⣬ũǵĳʳûôϸ
л׼һ±ϿʼСֱ磬±ζѾ˴ѲѣѾװͰлɴ˵Ҳװϣǵõ˽нȥ³֪ôԡ
Ц˵Сӹ˷ѣ
лɣǿǺúóԡ
ʣµͷˮҪʰ
糢ũƵͷ⣬ֱΪ
±ͷҪڻ򣬲̫ӲҪ֤ͽԭ׵ĵոպá

һŹˮͷˮʼձ΢΢ڣͷܲȥˣٽͷ̳Ҫȷ롣
ỵ̵ֱ̂ͨ죬۵ֱ
Ҫ׼ʳӶϸԻؼҳԷ
³Ӻл²ҪԷ
лɴ˵ˮ׼𣿡
ʣǳ±ʱǳԵļãʳԼЩ
лɺЦ˵أЩѰʳ
Ⱥ¹ţҪרİͷ⡣

ںԺĲССһܾݴѾ¶ͷ͵ָôһѣ飬ͣ鱻óͽζͷҪ˿ڸвѡ
ͷ΢΢䣬΢ܾͣݴζˬǳֱ˻ζ
ȺԺĺѯ
лɳۣϣҲ

һһˣЦкôҵˣ
Ц˵ȥ˻˵ڽׯϣһ仰ҲԼѰ㡣

лɼϴȥ˩лЦ˵ã㳢²ˡ
˵³һ˻ˡ

⡢⣬ĿӺͿ⡭
лɸԼһ嵭ļ

ۺͷ⣬̾ˡ

³ǹӣǼ⣬Ͼб
лˬ˵ﶼϰˣҺлһԷģҪȻҲǴôһŴ
˵룬Ҳԣǿͣͬǣֻ÷ֿڵԷ
ڳԡ
˿ں⣬ֱζѾûгζˡ
лɼһҲֹĹٻ¹Ӹ磺⣬ʲô߹ʳ⣬ʵѰ
ӻ˿ͷ⣬ʣ㻹ʲôֵĲˣ
лɳ˿ͷ⣬ζǳ⣬˵һǿ̫ˣ̫ԼҲͻˡ

˵ִƼĳ˶Ǵ
ֲǺǧ𣬼ԼղţҲԿ
ڴֱǸ˵ү̫įصġ

һٷ꣬Ŀαϣ˿
Ц˵ܾûôˣ
лΪ߹ˣһɽ˵ĺˬ˿ûаͬ˵ĵط룬磬ܺһط

ԭ߷ֻɣٺ˺󣬻ƶˡ
˵ȱǮ
лɺΣ԰ҵҪ۵ġ
˵һɣҳǮô
лžﲻһ
ǳԶ²ĵϸһ

лʣʣҵЩʲôӣ
ȥ鲼һӽ̯¸Ǽ绹мʶ硣ӣӥ춹Ȼܿ޷һѡ
лɿϲ̧ͷڴӦ˵˵

ļһףһͷףӺʣ˲١
³ͷ˵Сӵտ׿
Ц˵ͳһ٣ݳޡ
лЦ˵СҼóա
³Ц˵СӲóա
Ƶʽ磬ܼһӶũԭ᲻ƣĵءɡֳǲܳá˭֪֣һСӿɱȵġ

лſڴʣҵ˺öſڵĵЩ
ںߣϿ²Ľӡ
³չۣʣûмЩӣǲ֡
лɣⶼǺöֻ־ͳɣʱտ

廰żӻУ·ϣֻȸ㿴Ʒ֣˵׼滹ӡ
лɻͷЦ˵ҪǶ࣬ķƣһһݡ
Ц˵˵ʱҳ²ˣѾܾûС

лһ𣬲ŵĿѾתͷȥȥȡЩˣû
лɶڵϴ˼룬׹ֲã
ֲһ㶼һŮӣߣǵһμ棬Ϳˡ
⣬ɶӣ
ͬ磬ôȣѡ




7.     

ӵ飬ȷʵҪæлͻȻʱҴȷһ
ͷǣסһ
һ˱᷿ʱоů紺µıǺ䣬ûʲôķ䣬Ŀۿȵģ׵˰ѵϵʯ壬Ȼȵģʱ档
ڿﾪ̾￴ľģ򵥰Ȼůˡ

лһ޲ͼˣͺ޵
ʮˣ˵Ϲ˼꣬ʲôɫɫû
ѾһէİʱգȫȻֲ̿޾Ĺ¶Ҷԣҷ
ȻɫĿЦȵĿֲ̿
ֱˡ

ڶһӣĻǳлɲǮƣӶҵĸ˰æķԸ飬ˮܲڡ
ӳŸ˯ȿȴ˯Ǵϣ˸𴲡

ûҹӸëճİӷڳĲϴ˵ճģȳԲźóԡ
Ҳ⣬˿ڵصӣֱҸᡣ
лѾ³ȥһˣڳſҲȥһϣЦЦĿ˻ʣζô
ޣǳֱ˵˸Ĵָ

лɲɵԺװԺʰ
ҲȤ

³һǿ׳Сڣʣֺˣ
лЦ˵ţ³˵ѾںԺʱ
Ц˵ʵԱҲ
л˵ǵص½ѣǶԺǿ᲻Сܱȵġ

ׯμӵ֧ˮܴлҵĵںһ࣬лɿεΣ³һء
³æ£ڸֵϵأʣСȷţ죿
лɿ϶²һܵ¾ͳˡ⼸һֱׯϣտ
³ǷһЩŴ𣺡޳أСҪģ

лɿ۵ؽ磬ź˵ػˣҪĶܽһũúܴͨ㣬òô࣬Ҫˮҵһ絾ӡ
ܾûԴˡ

³һźڴӦкѣҵֺãյĹҴ˾ȥͨ
³ǳŷ⡣
߶һ̴򣬼ԶԶĻСӣ
һִüǴȥңʣ£
Сӻȥ

üʣ˵Ǻ£
Сɾ¡
л룬ǸСܲͷƤƽʱҲؾصģĸţ˸ȱȫУƽʱ£ܳʲô£

³˼ϵص£ͻسˡ
ȻȥһţѾ޳ɸˣƵģקĸ첲߿ޱ˵СӿҪΪСɾúõȥѧã˴ͻûˣ
лü֣˵ܵ˵ëҲУǱϾǸСѧܴ
һһƤˣ϶ˣŴĿģڴϣĺ㡣

лڴͷʣˣͷл𣿡
лͷ¬˵ʱʲô⣬Ƥ޴󰭡
лüСŮˣ˴ˣ᲻۸һҽ
ԸȥڷȥλóƵĴУ˵С֢ؿЩ
лֱƴӣûԥã;ԳȥˣӵվſʣСӻҪʲô

лɰڰ֣Сܲͷô£Ǻ˴ˣǣ
СܲͷŲ˵лʣ㵥˼Ҵˡ
Сܲͷί˵Ҳˣɶ˵㻵߲
лʣ˭
½֮˵䲻磬Ц㡭
лʣֻ˴𣿻ǶԷ˶࣬һ
СܲͷȻ˵ǶǹٻӵܣͿЩ̼ӵܣƽʱѧﶼǶзС
СһԽ˵Խѹ

лҲǶԷܺ۸ǵСܲͷ²Ǵ£رĶˣҪžôȥСܲͷԺͷˣϾꡣ

οСܲͷû£ú˯һո㱨ǶǸ
Сܲͷͷ̫ӡ
Ҳ֪ˣֲڣֻиϤĽ㣬Ҳ̫֡

лɵλϸȷСܲͷͷû£лϴչȥ˯ˡ

طǰ˼£ǣ̫ˣлϵⱾһ㣬µǱ²
½̫ˣлҸʲϡ
ɽǾأлΪ£˺ܶͷαأ

ԴԴϵķ˵ĸӵܣһһҪũˣйһֱЩҪһնݳķӡ

ڶһԼȥԺСܲͷ٣Ժѧܶ࣬óٻӵܾӶ࣬С꣬ʮ궼С

˺İ칫ʣλǳ·ӣ
һλʮ£խϸ۵ˣüʣǣ
лһװԼ棬ֱ׳ʣԺѧܣӿ֪
˺˵СϷ֣ѷˡ
лôУ԰㶮ƨ

ʣ֪ôģ
ưĴ𣺡лСӣԲѷȻǷվСС̼ӵܣ֪ߵغ񡭡
л˼˼룬룬ӳˣô
һһʣԺķӣô𣿡

˾Ⱥʱŭûʲô˼Ҳл
лɵͷٺԣڰ֣Թ˳ȥˣϸӻںŭ֪νԺ˷

ԺڿһԲֻ
Ժ˵л˺ܴ۲ŰСܲͽôӡ
½Ҽֱ겻ɢ

һ·дһƪϭģһͨȨѹƽգǽѧӵԺгɷ硣
ΪǸƽ
лǧĻָɣı£ܱȹǿȾҪٴ죬ٻͬ׼ƽڡ

һҹһƪϭģд
簢ſڣʣСˣ
۾ͨ죬һҹû˯ȥдŵ˵дš

˼ʮݣӦǹˣϭģֱĿɿڴͶأųޣлɾ壬ֱܣư磬ʱһеġ
лɲŲںȷΪ˳

ûߣȻˣʣĵأֵôˣ
л׼æ˵㣬һæɡ
ϭĵݸ˶෢ԽԽáҪоٰҳһЩ
˼ʣǣʲôˣ

лֻԸɢȥˣٺϸ˵󽲾׼ݣʱˡ
Ҳ飬ͷСˣͻȥܣȥԺҷӺͬ̽֡˵ġĽ硣

лɿøˣǮ˵
Լ֣һҹû˯ͨ졣
ʣô£
л²һͨķ⽨ᣬ⹷װģڲ𴩣ֻ˵СԺ˴ˣǷһСоȨҵ竣ƫҵܵܳǸˡ

ϭģĲɱùǿˣҲ֪֮ǰǲѧĵġ
лɼӦ˵ˣҪϢϢһҹû˯д̫ˡ

վͥ£ߣԥƬ̣ʳˣѧĵĻѧʷģ
лվסţҲͷƬ̣𣺡ǡ
һʱȻ֪ʲô

л̵תʣôͨĿ飿úˣ
ȵĿȻˡ

лһͿʼҲ̫ȱˣľųǵĴϣǸ˭ĵطһ˲ʶôȣҸǰεΣ֪ѣǲվһ߿šûëɣˣ浱ԼǸˣģô󣿡

İ缦
ûôˣűȻ˼£ڨڨǶ̣Ҫܣ鷳࣡
лɸɣʣȻأܰɱţ𣿡

ĶˣǹܣЦ˵ҿ˵ˣ½ҿţ⿤½Ͽǰ塣
лƶһ䣺Ӵϱ½ǿˣҪҪлһ¡

ЦǺˣлɲһͨɾòˬ졣Իط䲹ಽĸţҲֹ
ȽţűͷһͨᣬͷˣֻҶ㲻һ֣Ҵܣģ̣Ҵˣˣ֪ˣкãһɣ

ǻ˵㣬ǿ˻Ǹ׵ˡ
ˣڴϣԼںϢžˬЩ
һǱǰַŵֽɫһϸϸо˺ܾãʣ㵽ѧʲôרҵģ
лɱۣʣأǰҲǮˡ

Ц۾뿪ͼȫȨҴǰѧڵģʮ꣬Ǯɡ
лЦصˣ¾ͲûдǮˡˡ
ǼǺޣǮ˾Ǳ任ʱҲǮˣǲܵһˣȶ
ʣͼ㻭ģ
лۣҶֶţ졣
ʣѧʷİɣ
лɣѧũҵġ

һʣһѧũҵģ񵶣дһͣɱͼ׼ҵǾ㵹
лЦлл㿴ҡ
ʣڽ׼ʲô
лɣũ򣬷صҵƶңƶᣬһС£ܸʲô
Ŀɿڴֱɲ

лɼ㣬ʣ㲻Ǯ𣿾׼ƶһ£лծ̨ǮǽģծҪծ½Ұһġ
Ƿˡ

ʣҪ٣ҸͶʰɣ𵽴ǷծˣôѧҵľӢȻǮӵδȥˣܣ
лûİһۣЩɥ˵پӢҲûã꣬ҵ콵ծһҪ֪Ҫһˣ

οЪŰɣһͷ˰Ǯ
л۾ɬ˵Ǿлˡ

ľô׽İʱգǺްȫС
ʣͼ㻨˶ʱ䣿
лɣһ°ɣֲϤΣÿγȥҲֻ̽һ·߲Զ
Ҳǿ˵ҿУ

лԴȥ󣬾ûʱ䲹ͼˣͼʱҲûдôʹ˵аɣǵù컹ңҪġ
˵Լ͹
˵ֲ䣻ͬǮһ𡣡
лɿЦаɣںǮʲôܴӦ
ЦĳǰӦǸʺˬˡ
ǰʶŮӶһ

лһ˯ϣȴΪƪϭģֱ졣
ѧܳġ
˼ңսţ̾˵ղŶɺɣɾɾ֪ͨһ
Ժӣĸ¬ϼôŻЩʣղڼңĸ߶ܾˡ

޼ͥԺգӴϰ塣޼Ҷɵڳ׹
޼Ҵ󲮴غӹڹأֵֿ£ӹڹ׵塣
عǧʿϿأһֱϵԮûֵҽ벽ǧʿѪս
޺ƣСĲȻʱսŸճףսϢһТ±泤ʬֱҵǼûлسǡ
޳̣ԶλֳڣҲûλֳôڣҵĳôһֱȲֱݴʷ
Щ꣬˽Ĵ޳̣λԣҲλֳôƽʱɽ¶ˮѧıԶ˵ǰ㡣
޼ĵĴھ֮Щûˡ
ĴǸɢˣȢľлɵĹùá
ùá

лСܶ࣬һŮֻһӡ
ǰ޳ȥ˺ݣŻһֱɢֻڹӼְѧǱ羭
׷ţ硣
ĸ¬ϣ޴޳̺һŮ滹һܵһá
ĵĴû
ĴְһһŮ
޼ҵ̫̫ڣԴ޼һסڴլַǷ

һӵˣžһҲЩ꣬˿ʲô·һԺ˶ӣø㴴¡
ҲеùҹزȥҲôɣ˵ǰĴ嵨޼˶˵սλ
һ粻ֲˣû˵ķǣԴûϰӾ£⼸˵޼ҵɣҶǵʧĿǡźûλһԴ޼ҶɵѪԡ

¬ɫãʣôˣܵò𣿡
¬εĵһۣЩ˵ûܵôԵĺˣôƮô졣
Ц˵ĸײҪգλֳǶнܴܵϻۣƽӹһЩҲ
¬ɫһ䣬β˵ʣ㸸˵ʲôˣλֳ˵ʲôСʱӵġ˵Ҫ
˵ſҲλ󲮲Ǻ飬ǻǵĵĿ

̾ƭˣӱû䣬
Ҳ˵ʵ˵ĸײٳһ࣬Ҫң޼ҶҲܸʣҪͥ
˹٣Ҳ١
¬۾һ죬˵˵ȥ·˼ζˡ
Բᣬ˵ָⷢóԵģȻĸ׳
¬ѹЦҪЩ
Դλֳ޳̴ȥκ󣬴ͱ飬ǰһıǰ̵˼͵ˣ
Ǻĸڵң޳ֺܰӡ
Ҳõֻж֪

·Ժӣֵܶڶ޺ƵԺ޺Ƽţʣɣϭ˭дģ
ʣϭô
޺ƣƵʣֿѪ

ţ˵лҵһλдģлСɾԺλٻӵŹлСȥԺʹʲݴ򷢣дѧһ乫
޺ƴޣлСӸ߲š
˵лСҲֶŮ

޺ﶼͣϾСӣִ󡣳ʮԺʥϵһһң֮֮Ժٻӵܽᵳɷ磬ѧһͿҲƲԺǰɢӵܡ

ʥˣſʮ꣬ٵʱ
ĺ˻ڻŻ·ˡ
ĻԵΪɲ߸ƫ̻λֳȥϣĸڼȥ׷˳Ǿʹˣ˺˼£Ų־о˺ܾãطĲȥˡ

߾ˣһŮһӣŮԭ⣬廪Ϊ˼Ͳ󣬳ϰ䣬˲׳˶ԸЩֱ顣
ɢԺˣֻԺɨ˶¬Ժˡ¬϶þ춯أΪ˴̼
˶ӵĵطһͥԺĹӸ磬һһ㲻˵۾һֱںһѳȥݿףʵ̶ȥŹ⡣

޺ֻ֪Ըʣһֱںϡ֪ѾݡݣԶɳݱԵ




8.     ϭ

޺ɫСģֱָ壬ĲΪϵɬ֮УϧǸŮӡ
Ͻ˵ҲҿǸŮӡ
ҪǸӣɾͲһϭĵˡǿˣлǸƢҲǸͱ

һգǷϭڳǵԺġ
³ŰǰѾã岻
ʥ⼸⽣ָ壬¹ȣٳٲҶ

½֮ûȥԺһֱ游½£ǰġټơʱ½֮ǷϭĻֱ½µƺԺ½֮Ҳڣ˶٣ϭó½˵ڹﶼڴĴġ
˵Žϭĵݸ½£½¿˺ܾãһֱĬ
½֮һɫԲһߣͣܳıʣѯ½֮½ʣ
½֮Ϊݽģһա
½֮лλܶ׵Сӡ
½Щȣĵݸ½֮½֮Ѹٵɨһ顣
Դġ

лɵӡ󼸺ûӡֻǵлһŻһݵСӣȸū
ϭȴ˿ûнŮתȻư硣ĲɵӱȲϡ
½ʣЩڿ
½֮ʵ𣺡ˡ
½̾˵ǣ󱲲ɹ˵Ц½֮
½֮ڳǵĶҲ̳½϶ĽϭĺȴĽҳϢӵܵźԼҶ½ҿɱҫ
һ룬СԼµϱֻԵ֡

½֮һڣԵ˸½֪֮Եɣ
½֮Ǹһװлɣ֪ܺͳ¼С֮꣬ƫ֮ģȥл£ծծţ֪ģծǼң½ҸˣлСͽŲ־ݡǰ˵лСԺ¼СӴһ˸ˣлСȥԺԺӾȨƣ˶¡һԣȥдϭģʷӡ
½֮Ǽлɵ䡣ռһװԸˬʣ󷽵ӣ̸Цˣǲлңʵϵ
½֪֮лǷծ£ȵĿһۡ
ǲµиĸԵˣû˵

˵лȥǳ֣֮Ҳ½֮ԵʣСΪл£ϧѣȥлСӡ
¼¼ŮǵʥϵĹ¼ȻˮǴߡɳ³ʱ¼Ϊӵʥʧӣֻʣһ磬ֶһȺŹԵʣ¼ڳ˵ԹĻס
¼иСŮгС˼ݣǳŮ̳ùʥСĽ½֮Ҳһֱ˵ĲɱȽϡ
Ҳ⡣

½ĵЦЦĿ½֮Ц˵С֣ǵˣϭֲֻȨ󣬲ίֻʷӣΪ󣬺Ϊһñ½̻壬һлңϧˡ
½֮ķڣֻ˵ʮԺҪˡ

ϭĵлĸ󣬴ֱӰĽֱ͵ǰ˲ͽٳȴºĻ

һϭģӿ

лڼҴ죬˵Ѿִˣػи˵
׼ţʹлСѾȥ˽ׯϡ
Ȱ˵СɾѧҵҪⲻȥԺ
лɲ˵ȥԺ˴𣿡
ŵ˵лɲᣬлԼʰҪлһлɴǣ˵Ĺ˲ۣС˷ܵĿлɲĴСȻһ鶼ûС
˵īֽ鶼ţȥҲ¡
һ˳Ľȥʰ

лûׯϣׯϣ˷ܻãмÿγüӣлҪȥ￴Լ£ÿдһʱϢ飬ϰˣͿȥˣ
лڴӦСǵƤ֮ͣҲѧϰӡ

³Ϊûֹϣյлȥݣһϸ³ϵлɿϵĳѿʺܸߡˣ˱ɹͨ죬³ȥϢԼݣѾڹ½ʵһ絾ӣˮˮȣӾܳɡ

˵ӽˮļѡڵֲ϶ҪãӽҪܳʵ飬Ҫ
ָ֬߹Ʒ־ͱˣͨӽĺˡ
ϴѧһΣʱĸԺ˵ũҵרҵϵǹһľ¡
ѧЩ꣬Ϊ˲ֵ࿼ûӵù㣬ũҵƶⱲעǸũҵˡ




9.     ϭĺ

³ɫǵʣǳʲô£
򵥽˼䣬οҲʲô£ҰѰѴˣ̫Сôȥӣһʱ˵ƽʱҶѧҵôࡣȺˣҷӡ
³Ҳٵģʣô

лתһȦͨԺˮһˮʱͲչˣ֦١
³ô֪Щȫ飬ÿ峿дһʱ֣Щ֪ʶ

лҲлѣŰȥˣ곤ϸģһ·չһʮСӣݴһ㳣µĹ󣬿˵ʱĿЩɬһѪʵرÿ
ʱǰ佫ġ

лʱ罫㱳ôл
л˰죺ҽҵ춼硣
л˵粻ô죬죬̰дôÿս̰дʮô
Լʶô֡
³ȵĿ˺Ŀ

л붼û룺Ȼԣʲô
лЦ˵Ǿ˵ˣÿ峿Ͱһϰ֣̰д֡
³æ˵ɡ
лѶֻ˵̰д֣ҲǶÿд֣Ҳö顣Ժди䡣
³ûػôֻǵơ
̾Сɾлҡ
лɳڴ˵ҾСӣҲһҲɡ³£ϳ죬Ǽҵծܻˡʱøʲô

³һһ׾ŵ׳³ֱҳϣ
лɸֲˣŲ͵һƬл˿ʮ죬ԸԻˣʱûɵӡ

⼸ոӶСյı֣ɹһЩǿźܽ
Ǹϸĵĸ磬лѽʶͬũлÿ糿̰д֣ڷܣż죬ֻҪʱ֦ڵ֡

ת˲µףǸӣĴׯһ춼ȥ档
лȵסլѾҶˣҲģÿնڵתһȦͨѾӽβ׼ȣûġ
ĵ˺ܾãʮĶضˡ
ҲۣϾûǮ
ǲҵܵһǮˣټذɡ
ʮĶأдô

ͷŷִվڱϿţҲ֪˶á
һ࣬ʣôˣ
ʣȻ
лɺֳɵʣ𣿻˵Ҫȥٸ
Цǵأʲô
ֵӡ㡢źˮȣ̫ˣ㲻Ϊҹ⿿ܷƶ¸ɣ

СʣǾ˵֣̬ũҵҲ֣
лɣ̬ũҵﲻҪҪ߲ûѧ𣿴󶹾ֵ

ҭһ䣬ĲǴǰãûӴأӺ綼ֲ塣
ߵҲûʶǰʶлŮ

СõľӢѧУȻҲǸµ׬Ǯ·Ψһʧܵǣ׷ϲŮʮ꣬һĲģǮ·Сѧ٣ñҲŷĿһУߵͷ
ֻû뵽赭дĲΪȻĺ˵˾䣬Բ
ǸĪĴʣеֲԼɵ

Ｘ£ǷϵһϽ߸ӵĹϵЦԼҲԼʧʼղԼһŮ֮ġ
ϾҲӽӣĵϧˣȴֶټϺ͸ĸǼ̵ܲ¡ֱ¬յ˺ܶο
ԸҲ˺ܶ࣬ǴǰȡƸᾫӢֲ˺ܶ࣬ӡ

лɼģݺݵ˵ˣ¶ңǮˣǮ˲ҪֵءѾ֪ˣǮ˸ǮͿˣһֵأҷǳҪǮ
ˬʵĴЦ

лϵʣʲô𣿡
Ǯˡ
лɫһϲ˵ղǸᣬл˵

رʣʣƽʱôƶ𣿡
лʣǰڣ
ʣǰʲôģ
лɣ˵ƶҿžôܿϹԱ𣿡
Ŀ˵ǣܾú㡣

лɲ˵ǲܣΪѹʶǮˡ
ߣ·ߵţСӶվڵһ԰⡣
Ե˵ʵҲ




10.  ʮ   ϭƽϢ

лʣҵϭľûһ㲨ǼСܲͷѧˣ

һۣȥ޼ҵļѧù˵һ϶ԸչСܲͷ

лɾܾǾˣС͵ݼң˲ֲ࣬ǲ֪СѧҪڼҴŰɡ
Ų˵췭ˣλΪһϭģʼٱѳֵĳʮԺ㵹Ǹ˵һλ˼һ¾ͻˡ

лɾȵƬ̣־øˣΪȻĸҪһںţṩһںţͿû˸磬ȷʵΣաûã˾ҵĹӸ磬һСĵȻС档
˵Ȼ뵽׷ϰɣǮǡ

˵ˣҲںˣ٩½Ϊϭģһֱܻд̽㲻֪𣿡
лɱһ䣬ɰͰ͵˵ллˡ

ֻЦͣлɼС˵־ʣ˭Сˣûڲ˹ʮ꣬Ҳµ֣㣿
ڣ½֮Ҳʮһ𣿡

лɴߵ˵ǮҾͲԷˣسȥ԰ɡ
ĿڣлҳǵլǱߣַţǼҵŵöҳˡϹӣ˳Զţл͡

лЦžʣǮ𣿡
㵽׶ȱǮ
лɣһڵǷծ˵ҶȱǮ
Ƭ̣Ե˵һҲʲô£첻ҽũҵƻɡ
лɿԶأŤͷ˵Ҹ̸ҵļƻˡ

ʵ£ǮҲͣж˶ˣ˵ģ½ҿһֱءҷͷûβܰ㶵ס˵Ĵ̽Ƕס½ҵˡлɣҪãһԵꡣⲻǵ磬ȫµϷЩջᱻǺԣҵ˼𣿡
Ѿ˵ĺܺˣĺðաʮԺԷȺ֮
ԹµĻףûһ³

л˲й⣬ʼվܻĻϵʱǱѣžǵصصķ⽨ᣬŵȵʱҪ̹ҪҪСģҡ

סŲվ﹡ϣͷԶأɫЩãʣΪʲôһ˻ܽҵһŮˣʲô
ɥԼĻ˵ЩˣϽοǲһ㲻ǻܾȼ÷ƶҶũҵһϲͨ

л̾ͷߣʵ㻹Ǻ˵˵ɣóĶࡣ
򵥽˼䣺û볯֪ޣ°ʮ꣬ʮǰҲǰҵǼ˲ʮꡣʱѾԪˣܶѾĪɴ̽ˡʱڴ̣ŸͣͻʡǼˡܶĺ˻ӣССս²ϡ
꽭һֱ֣ЩѣԤ⣬꣬ͺһսɱ⡣ҵǼ壬Ҳۣؼ沢壬˿ڼ٣˰Ǹ⡣

лȷʵ֪Ķ࣬˼Ƭ̣ҵũӪҵٺãҲŰĶأ߲Ǽõ飬ũҵչʱΪ
ȵĿʣѧũҵģ

лε˵ũҵѧоҵ⣬16걸ս17ϰͱ·ŵƶΪ꣬յι棬ˡʲôҪ˵ʦ𣿡
ļֱͷƤ飬Ҳ꣬Ȼꡣ
ŵΪ£꣬Ѿˡ
лľĻ̣ڰֵ˵չδ°ɣҲѧ˴ǰʵġҵʹ

˳Ļο£㶵ţֻܿũɡǮҴˡ
˵ŽԺӣ䣬ϵǮʣ٣
İϣȻȰϸСİڼװΣʵı׼ڰĿϣ˵һᣬҲ⼸ں׬ģá

лЩҵȥһΣɽʶʶĻɳ壬һŹɳԶ
һۣЦ˵˵սƽϢˣ̫ƽ˴ȥ
лźʣ˵ŹأǴǰǸŹ𣿡
ȥܣǣŹפأһǼ˺ͻ˻Ӿסһһǳϸ񣬵סˣֹһϽء




11.  ʮһ   ½

л˼꣬ʣͼû𣿡
ˣٽҿ졣
лЦǾǳǵĵͼʲôɿģֲʲôҪͼ
Ŀлɣ֪ͼζʲôҺܻɣǼҰɵʲô

óǸõˣӿʼڣȫȻ̽˽ֻԸܵġ
лɣȻ֪ҲֻԼģô֪Ȼܽҵķ䡣

Цߣһѡ
½ȷʵ治ǣ
лɿЦ񣬲˵Ȼῼǣ˧ܵж㣬ֲǲ֪
ǵĴЦ

˵ŽʣСӣնͷ򣬰һһ죬컹ûҵ
лɴ㵣ʣʲôʱ򶪵ģ
ЩΣߣɼԼȥҡ
ŷֵġ
лʣ˶ֻΧũ𣿡

ҲЩүû˵
лɿοǴ£ҳȥ³Ҫǻҡ尢䷢𡣡

лŴŷɽ·ȥѰ䣬·ϣԶϡܿμεɽͣлָԶأƽԭǸõط߼˺׬ǮͶʸңҵũǮġ
ʣ˶򣿡
лɣһֻҲûô֡
飺

лɣ㵹ĴҲ֪ãⲻǳûˣ
һ޼ʵпƣѵġ
лɹ˵ЩԺ˵Ҫ֣кõӣǵøɸѡ֡Ҫ֣ȥϵص·𣿼ǵøռɫ֡

һ꣬лҲţл˵ҵĴ
лɼοͷҲʲô£䣬ҪΪͷ𣿡
һ˵ϵ̶͵ġ
궼͡

ʣô£
죬ʵ˵չ·ϣһ̶ӣϢ˺ܶ࣬ǸȺʱԹǰ׷ӣǶȥӣȻͷ£Ⱥʱͷˡ

ųǲԶݵıؾ֮·
ʣ̶ӴŶˣѰ̶𣿡
ҡͷʮˣŲ˺ܶࡣǺ˵ӡҷֱ治ʲôˡ
û£οȥŴһû¾ͺãʲô¡
лɶδ֪е㵣ģɫĿŴЩ£˵һԺ˸㣬ʲôҡ

лɿŰȺߣվʣǲǳˣ
ֹ¤ҵҲҪҡ

лɿԶԴɽͣ̾˿
ȥҶԶֲֻᣬƲ˼죬лѰɹ˹յĲŰ䣬ð

Ĳ԰һлɽȫȥˡ߲ˮɫС
һˣβ룬ʱɸѡ׼硣
׼һڣѡĳʺƷȷʵá
ͨ󣬵һιȣֻĶϵԱߡ

³ûֹӣȫƾָӡ
ܱũׯһڡ
лһ̴£ȣ³ͼӶũ³Ը£˺ֱܱߵӶũ־лҴӲũ
һ룬ڵͷ࣬ԶĳѾˣлŹһʱûпˣ³Խߣվǰ濴·ϵͣʣλɾǣ
ò˵ĳ½֮ˡ

ŶǴ˵е½ɡ
лһ̴ͷһٵСִüǴ۲Զ½֮һĸо
ÿˣ

ԱǸŵĽ㣬ԼλԹŽ˺ӵ̣󷽣˿ûвڡ
½֮üĿ㣬Ũظок棬û˿ıġ
л룬úǵ½ɾ鴫

ָָԶأкȥϴϴҡ
Ь³Ѿ˼ȥˣ½֮վ߿ŵʣعֵ
лɿ͵Ժ˵ֻҪ֣Ϳ֡

ʮĶܿ޷Ѿ͵ˣ½֮һֱܿ޷Ҳʶʲô
ֻ룬˵Ķһ
лǸÿ͵ˣ˶ǰˣò˼ҳԸ




12.  ʮ   ½֮

ϴɾϵ࣬Ь࣬½֮ߣֻ˸ӣԹ￴Ϊͨ
лҲ⣬ʣǴӳ𣿡
½֮磬ұ硣
ǲûлش⡣
лŶ½֮ʣѴ
лɼ£ûж񾭲󣬿˵ûУգȤ
ȽԺӣóʳȥͷһλɻʣǣ
лɽܣ½ɾȥͷ׼ʳɡ

˵ʳװСϣߺ󣬽˳
л½֮˷ڵĿ½֮ⷿ䣬װεЩ֣ûΣǽķŵͰխĲ齡

лкɣªдܣ⡣
½֮ЩΣл·ˡ
л˳˵лɰɣûôི߶ǿ͡лѣ½Ҳ˶ءǿͷϢƬ̣鷿⡣ȥ׼׼
½֮ΪһŮӲ㣬æˡay
˺棬лҲĸ׿˵ǸڴֱɡΪ˵ˣҲ
ûһŮһ

лɳ˿ͷһ󲨲ˣĿֱۣ˳ôûء
Ŀʣô㣬ûأ
ǸˬŮˣǵĴЦճһůˣĺܿ죬µġ
л˵аɣϾǼҵծҪúд
ǣȸūδķǹ͡úд

лﷴȻȷʵÿ治С
лڳ￴æµȼǿ̫ˣΣͷˣǺͺµ³޵ˡ

ϴ˻ͷʣʲôˣС˵ķر𣬽վͳ˰ɡ
лɵͷ׷ɣٷһ׵׺
ûֲͣ͵ܿ޷£ճɡ
;Ϳܿ޷ˡ

ʱæŴûʱоԵģص˴ǰһæԷʹպϣɲСþӣɲٰۻˡ

лʣ𣿡
еģھţȥȡ
ʱҲ벻ʲôʲˣֻʱպһ貤ˣޯͷһĩ۲ˡ

ȡлŲվſһۣˡ
лʣʲôˣ
ЦģʣĻأ

лɶ˶٣Щ˵µأȥˡ
Ҳ⣬˳ʣʲôóԵģлͬѧտ治
лָָڣ½ڸڣעӰ졣
Ī֣ӳǽĴ

Цȫ⣬ʣô£
лɱ߰Ѳˮ˵ר̳ҵģʲô˵װ·дһ٣򷢻ȥɡ
˵ʴʲô£
µ̶ϢˣҪʲôи嵥ȥѰ

лһ£ʱϲ˵ҪĿ̫ˣҺú롣
˵飬Ķ⣬ʣ𣿡
лɿۣ˵ˣߴ˵ſɣﰭˡ

ˮ̳ˮУը֣̳飬ڲκͽ֭һֱ֥ͣˬζ
ޯͷ裬ֻһΣͿˣԭζޯͷĴζϣйɵĽ㡣
۲˶ĩһ˽ǡ㡢ۣȥȵ㣬͹һǺζ˱ǣֲǰ˵ζϵĴ

Լûθڣÿ˶ú󣬶Ųȥ˿ȥʱ½֮Ǳټơ˵Ǳټƣ
лɾܾ³ɣҵׯڴ
ӹӾʣʲôóԵģ

лɣũæҲûʲôóʳһ߲ˣǳɣζʾܺ˵
½֮ӣڲϣּôظ½ĳ߶ˡ
ܹδоݡ

лβžСˣ˵Ŀûʲô߶Ų߶ŵģܿ޷һʢʱӭǴҵׯ;

˲ˣȲĳ˿ڲˣޣζ
˿׷Ī˵Сףζһζ
лд˾䣺ûԹũ𣿡
ֻųԣû졣
лһ߿½ֳ֮ġټơ½֮Ҫ죬һֹ壬ЩϳɡĲ˴ź⣬貤ˣԵࡣ
һװҲˬǶܽܣۡټơЩ˵ͨףֽͨ˼ҳʴ̶ã
˿ڳʣʲôżҪ𣿡
źͲ˻ʱҵغɻҲҪ

ʣֻ˵嵥гҾռ쵽ˣ˵Щȥ
½֮Ѿ룬ʣǱã
ĿƵĿлɣЩʣֿ
лɾǸš͵ˣֻ˵ҹջسǣͰѧܲһֱס¡

½ִ֮ʮԺû˸Ҳ
л¾˵ȴȥԺˣѾͷӣлֻǼҵư̻ܵǵķ

½֮ãͻȻ˵ȸūĲѧĳ֮ϡ
лɲĿôֱСƱ磺ǲţѧѧܻΪһ̸˵ʵҵĲѧûʲôôҵǸԸ⽼̡
½֮ЩС׽档ҲͲǻлʰ




13.  ʮ   ¯

ֻǰĳԷֱ³
лɵǰȥ
³ҶŵͨлšϢհɡʱµ̫ˡ
лȷʵˣӵ翪ʼʹֵ֣տʼµضŲյ䱼ߣ³Ž˵Ļ

ţڻϢùͿ쵽ˣҵʱҪȥף١⼸Ҫ׼ЩҪæաȹùϢ
³οѾԺˣʱңӶЩׯϰʽЩ
лο˵Ǿͺã⼸ĥЩʵĳʳʹҡ

лɼ³üҪܾϽ˵ﻹпˣȥдˡ´ٽѵҰɡ
³εЦ
ݣɳϺ½֮£űɽ־˵ͻѾˣѷɢ˼Գ˹ݣݡɳݶԮ֮ǲ̫ƽ
лֻóһϢ١

緹ûθڣ½֮ʹ壬ûسǵ£лҲϿͣǱ÷䣬ͻ˯ˡ
˯˲ˣԼ벤˵ź˵㶫ĥһ¯ʱ򿾵á
ĸȻҪȥ٣ǸˬʵŮˣϲʱһҪׯϱ

ȴлѾЩĴָϸ֦ʺѾͺá
³ķԸֲڻõļªͼֽʼשףͷһҪȱЧáе˼վһ߶ꡣ

½֮ʹ䣬һ˵ϰ½֮˯ź½֮ϴʣɾղ𣿡
½֮ϵߵ˵
ԺĶʲô
ʹӴ𣺡˵һʲô¯ںԺ
½֮ЦЩȤߣȥ

лɶڵϣſ۵һҪͨ˳ҪȻϲȥӰĿ¯
ªͼֽһŵѵĸһ㣬á
³Ҳϰʽ˼שƽƽչչ˿ʯ壬лЩʣȷղ³ˬЦ˵ջˣٸһֲʲô¡
ʯǰԲ¯ûˮ࣬Щģʣβһۻ࣬ȱ־ȡ
лɻͷۣɵһ˵˵ɡ
³ø߳ļգשΰԲ¯שϸ̴֦࣬ں档
½֮һֱվһ߿ţ
ˣʣʲôõģ
л˵óԵİ
ǳһش

¯Ҫȿԡ
պһ㣬ҪΡ

˺ЩˣлɾϾͳ⽡

ũׯûôأϵ⽣Ӻһ±⣬ǳ㡣
лɳԼ⽣ǰ͵ǳԵźƤڴζֱ

˿ǻֺͳ𣿡
лһ⽣˿˵Ҫҵͣ˵ͳ֣ҶѰ
˵ҵŰɡ
ʱ϶ʷ֮ĵطδؾûдǰĶ

ϻļ䣬½֮С½߳ѧǾӶ˷ֱѧǾһһĽյĲʲôȱ㡭

ʳʱ仹磬ҶԺЩкЩᣬ³Ͼҹ
лΪҪԺ飬⼸켸Եķ棬лҲô
Űܣлɣ㣬ҷһѸӣ˵Сӳȫ͸ҡ
лɱ񣬱ʣܱ֤С𣿡
лѳˣԥƬ˵ͷð
лʣ㲼õҵд𣿹տɾҪȥʦˡ
лѾʣܲȥ𣿡
лʣһ𣿡
лѽƱ磺Ҳǣԡ
лɿЦҲͦãͷɣðȥ飬һֱɣ׬ǮȢϱȢϱ˶Ӽ򡭡

ĴЦ³Ժũߣ¼ˣЦ
ڵһˡ
½֮һֱ³޲ĵʽɫĪ档

죺ʲôʱ⣿
лЦʣˣհɡ
ɷ
лȰҲˣճԿȫɡ
û취˻سȥˡ

лɵԺ¯Ժǲ԰ӣʹ˵Щá
ʣϲң
лֱ׳˵ϲĿɶˣһûС
Ц˵ϲʲôҰҡ
лɣСϺơơҹС̯ҿɡ
˵ЦЦĿ
ӣ㬵Ĵ𣺡͹أû취

˶ӵ龰½ֻ֮ôۡתͷɽʹȥ̫һ롶ټơ˿ûᵽʽ硣




14.  ʮ   

лǰȥ˴޼ңлһЦһŻȹº죬ƯԲۣЦ˾رĿס
лϼͿȸū곤˲١ԽԽƯˡ
ǸˬĵԸ
лЦ˵Ҷû֡һΪ˵ܵģԺʱ䲻̫ƽͻС˶

лϿǶûпǣˬ˵Һʹ˵һūѧѧһʱ䡣ġ
л֪ǸӦԸرϲλǾл޼ңϻӵݸùðպá
лϴϻӿۣɵʣȸūʲô˼
лЦ˵лûΣѣùðǮպãգѴ͹ùýġ
лϻӣֵҳ޵ʱҲô˵ġ
лɶλ˵еˡ

лϸпһ䣬Ƭ̺ˬʵЦ˵ǡ˵ڽɵļ
лɣչùЩСʳ͸ùá󣬹ùôŻܵׯϱʱɫӦò

лЦúϲ£죺ȸūԽԽ֣ˣȥׯϿ㶨ҪҵļλҲٰʲô磬ǰʱղһΪϲ죬Ͳٰһ

лʣҵûҸø׼ЩŶԡ
л˵ЩģҶ׼ˡ㵽ʱֻˡ

˵ţһȻͼһʮкܽŨüۣС̫ûлѵĻѪɫǺܿɰ
ͺ
лЦ֣лɣʣлҰ㣬𣿡
лЦ˵ļûд´θ㲹ϡ
ܾ̾ҲҪ˵ũׯкܶö
лɰ죬ʣô˵ģ
̹ԹԴ𣺡û˵ֻ˵ܺúܺá

лЦ˵ˣ㰢ȥׯ棬ô
ϲЦտ

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ûþˣҪȥ㣬Ҫϻؽ⡣

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³ûмֲϣʱһֱҹиƬϵءϾǽճɣΪлɵĻûֶס

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һ˳Լ졣
³ǺܸȤֳʳֻ죬㲻ʳ
ȴϲ
лɵлʱѿȥһ룬רȥлһЩ

鷳Ĳˡ
⼸ѧǸϸ»
ͺϷǳóĿȾСͻᣬǴǰԣЩϲҲزȥˣЩ㡢ȴĿ

˵Ǹϸգϵصĸ㶼𣿡
лƤЩ˵ǣҰҵġ
ûмλӣź˵Сӵĳ˳ڣǸиˡ
лڰ㽺ƬкҪһԭϣûʲôˡ
иô㽺򵽼ٻƷûôãܱ֤

㽺Щȳûһ죬ŨľζȥȳȻˮ㽺ٺú棬еĺѸϴɾϸϸõϡ
˯Ǯһ¯¯磬˯ǰû˶һ̣һ

ڶʽʱлټ˴Ժһ֣һ˶ӣ⼸һֱ³Ѳҹ

Ҫһ򷢵Ŀ³ȥϵأȻֻŸ첲³лɵĵͳ¯ˣ׵ļ⣬ûʲôرĹա
Χڳĵ⣬п³˿ڣţ̵ζѾˡһȫµĸ㣬ȫµĿζ
͵Сӵһգ͹׬Щҵˡ
лɿ֣Ц˵̫Ѹ첲ˣһҲ򲻳١֡

ĴЦֲ˼Ц˵ȷʵЩѣ⹤Ҳȷʵ档
лɲ׾ҲڣͬʱҪܡ
˵һֻò˼顣




15.  ʮ   

᲻ýȫ꣬лɲں˵ٿһˣûʲôϡģǵʱù㡣ϧҲûʲôˮ
³ӣҵļڣһЩ
ӣұˣлɲǿһЩҲɣֻڸϵ׺Ҫ١

˵ְοٹ£ǵˣӣʹˡ
³ϵ˼죬ѾˣҿѾ仨ˣ޵ӲԶˡ
лɿ۴⣺Ըһ㣬ˮҪˮһ㣬ģǾܷˡ

³ȴ˵ѾˮҲסˮ
ǧũʵĵ׾ķ
Է͵ˡ
лɿ亣ڵĵĵӦñ֮ǰɹۡҲѡǴ£ʱһٿĶأ֡ʮ֮ĵճɣ°֮ơӻĵ˶˲٣Щˡ
ѾܾûмЩ²ˣ磬ƶǿԹԶûеĵزﲻһ֮£ݽ档

лɺôˣԼ·ߵĲ˳ԺܶʱϾ˼˵ˡ
³ȰСƣѡõ֣Ȼг͢㡣ǹ»Ĵ¡
лҡͷֻ͢£ûϵ

³
ڶ¯³Դ򷢵ĵ壬ȷʵˣֱЦССʳΪˡ
鷳һ죬ʱȵ˲ŴӾóͲӣֻǲѻĨ㲻Ӱ졣

ڶһǳƵŻԲȹ˸򵥵ķ٣¶Ķͷźˬ
ŵϻӣֽܶ࣬ʱлֱ޸
˷ſڣͼﲻΪ˸̫̫ϲùõֻǸͷ
ͷǸ̫̫Ƶġ

Լнȥŵ˶ѾʶˣֱȥлϵԺӣͽŶЩԺֳһƬ¹һյµĺɫǵƣ԰ͼʧЦλɢ˵Ĺø˻ͦϸĵġ
óлϺʹɸܺá

һţſڵ˵лСˣǼӵһˡ
лɽϻӵݸСЩĶܶ
Сϻӽȥˡ

лһɫŻȹЦ˵ȸūղѰŮӡ
лߣЩƫݣŮҲԣ·ܿ죬رˬ
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лЦ˵ôء

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λ۲ĿƯĿֻýʾ֭ĿӢ
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лһȥ֪ʱѻȸ

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лĽ˵ҪôһĵĶӣҲʹá

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ͻȻ˸һСȵҡ
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лʣ
˵磬ԺԺ˺ܶࡣ
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лʣ˭˵ģ
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лʣԺû𣿡
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лɿۣԺӸֿԺǽһƬµİǽϰһŻݣ˻ͦµġ




16.  ʮ   ޼ҵ

ȥ̫̫Ժӣ̶ѾˣԵܶϷĻݣ̫̫˼衣
̫̫ڹ֮ǰ꺣ġ
źţտɺЩˣ
̫̫Це˵֮ˣ
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̫̫Ŵչ⣬ЦȥѰȥɣм֮žͺˡ
ںϣ̫̫ʣлǸСŮɣɰ
ԾԸġ
˵Цʣˣ
̫̫ҿ¼ҷ˵¼Ҷ½ҵ£ڱصáл

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̫̫̣¼Ҷʢǿϧȸūлȷʵ͡
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̫̫ˣЩúܵ˵֮ȴǰؿˣԽԽ㲮ˡ
ɷĳҲѾսˡ
¶ԻЩʶ档
̫̫ﱲƫľǴ

ȴлѾˣžʣģҽʲô
̶ӵˣźҵˣһźˣǹҪȥġ˸ѧϰɡ

л˵Ǻллˡأ
гôҵźˣ

һڴĵţЦ˵Ļᶼׯ԰Լȥɡ
лɰһۡź˵ֻһ⣬Ǯ˹Ǵ磬鲻ãͲ˳ˣʱǼһ𳢰ɡյʱҸġ

ʣǲһȺУ
лɼģҲˣ˵ƯܵϲȻ࣬Ӧõġ
٣㲻ʶġ
л˵ˣҪȥҹùˡ

˷԰ߵˣʲô
ŮЦ˵ƽĻлա
ǹ棬Ȼռݸ衣

ٳصͤлϼæ֣ࡣ
лæ˵⻨ӵ輼ڳǣղȥˣ
лɿ۶ˮתռ̾ѡ
ռ𣺡ſڼɣæ̶ѰЩӡ
л˿ɵ˵ɶæģϴʶĴ̰ˡ

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輧֮лϴһڷȥ԰԰ȥܣ˵ǼĵѾˡ
Ưꡮɺ̨Ѿˣܽ棬ġ
ꡮƻٻûȫ򿪡ԤĶĿǼ˶޲ڣҹ󸾣ʶ
·˿ھ˵ⳤǵƷ֣ǶǼҵԺˡ
лЦ˵ôܣ԰ĻݿǼҼ֮Ϊ˺尢ãϱġɩ
¬Щǫѷ˵֮ӣվ֪Щ

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ϲ·˰ԵԸ񣬳¼ҿϵĲǶˣô޼ɵҪ

·˻ͷлϣЦ˵ǾͲˣƽ߶Ϸˡ

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лֱڿҲϲԼкѣСüǳȥһ죬ʸ߲ȵˬ졣
лɳ¬ЦЦλùãǸˡ

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лɿ޼ҸÿҵĻһСͻȻ룬ҲеĹ̡

ϳ֮󣬾û׬Ǯĵطˡ
ֻҪһֵأûȥ˼Ķ̵ͷԺһ㣬Ҫ˵ȥҪһˡ

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лһ֮ǰĺˬЩ˸е˵ǰʱ㰢үܻ޺ġ㰢ү֪ںʲô£ûϢҵʲôҪġ
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лǰģһٻذɡ
лɸǣҪĻ⼸꣬ʧҪ˳ĻүǷծҾܻˡ

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лˬĳ֣ȳ˷ţлڵл˵͵˴ɣˡ
лɵû£վˣʲôҪ

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лѾյ˵⣬˽л͵ֽ˵ҼȸūģԭͣϧЩˡ
С̲סһɲˡ

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˵ĺóԣҾʹûԹŲԼ
лϳ֪ȸūյ
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ŵ⣬޼Ҽϵ˶лɼֱֺ棬塣СǼֱȫ
лѣҲȫĽ²ÿն͵ԣĽ




17.  ʮ   ɱ

лɻؼҿлѣÿȥ޸ϿΣѧлؼҡ
ԭ³չлѣԼ˿»Щ²֡ҲĬлչлѡ
صЩˣ³ûл˵վ꣬ģȥ￴һ
лҲģ·˵ҲȥҲֻȭͷиأͺưա
ԶԶ΢΢ĵƻ³Ȼߴ˸

ҲԣôûǰũϿʱסڵģΪ˷Ϊ͵ϡ

Ƚ˵ʣҹ𣿡
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лָҾͼׯ˶࣬ũѾ˾棬ġº˵
˻ؼҰ˯ҹбѣһ
žܳȥţưô꣬¡
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ʪ͸ѵõѵ⣺ȸū֣
лŷЩĻ³ҪƲʱֹͣ꣬ǣиҪꡣΪʲôݲ¿Էˣ

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лɳվȷʵûиղô꣬ҲС

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һֻ֣̿ۿѣȴް취

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лһͷߣҪʵ̫ˣȵȿճӡ

׽Ū˴žǱ׽ŪһҲ׽Ū׽ŪҲ׽ŪӴĻһΡ
ȥͲˡ

յûˣƽʱԸô뺷һˣ˿ȴѹɤϸʣȸūȺҩʲôܺ˵
лԺĺ衣

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һСյĲȺлУԶԶ

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лǸִܹˣҲûô⣬Զûд

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һЩӰ˵ĸɻ
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˵Դһ

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лɼãЦ˵˵Щ鷳׼Щɣ³ŲϲԴ˹ĳʳ

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лָӴȥ԰ժ˰ɡ
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лɽȥָݫߴ
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лɸɴ£ֲɱˡʲô
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ô͵Ůˣ϶롣

Ȼ˺Ժٳٲ֣лɾԱ߸ɵţ緹һ輦˿齷һǿθ
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κδٳٲµڼͷϷĵطرȻȻ˿ӡ

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ɱһӵ¡
ʣô㼦ͷԥʲô¸ëϸѪ𣿡

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ǿʲô˵ѹƵģָ鸡ŽŲسˮ
лɼɻ̣ͣĴߣëˮˣͳԳë
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лҨˮϴ֣̾ļҴǳԲȥˡ
лɲ˵⻰˵ģסˡ
š




18.  ʮ   ź

ɱѾ˿˿źƬкˮˡ
ϲɻˬ쾢

żôɱˣ
лɴɾɱģɱġ

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лɣòһֻĵط޳ʣµļ

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輦˿齷ͺüζرḻζŨвΡһܾݴ顣

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ľһһűıˢͣһڹ
ȱĿյϴˣɱֻ·ɱһϴ̣ϵķ·һ㡣
лҲڿϴ

лСˡ
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˿ڣŨĽ΢ζĿǻˬнȷʵóԡʳƭˣ۾ͻ㡣

лʣҵ±⣿
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ջ˵СڳʳϹá׳ʿ˲١

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л۾һҲǸð취ҵļҵͶˡ

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½ӳܣл˵˶ͻˮݣˮǳҪ֪Сͯ
лɵҾ⸽С̰ˮ
½ЦҲ̫ǣȥһ

ȳرߵ˶ɢˣССĺлɵͦȤģʱ㣡˵ҲлɻӦľתˡ
лЦ˵ʱӭ

ȥ·ϣлɺ³ܲٹЩӶտȺðǾУңиҪĲ¡ǲùҿ˽ճһ㣬ǵﶼϵũճɸǵġ
³ŤͷֻµСӣ̾
лɾҸ컺Ľǡ뷨ٶ࣬Ҳûôߵ˰
³׺ˡ




19.  ʮ   

³֪£ֻ˵պ󣬻һӣũҵĳʳȸūǡ
лʵûбο˵⼸׼գҪѰտȺҿЩѧϽҾͲׯЩˣǸŴɡҪһͺĵ

³óУڴӦ㾡æ飬ʣµ½ҡ
лЦ˵ֲͷۣҲҪʡǮù˾͹ˣӶʳ㣬Ǽ̻ط׬ǮǲС

³һ˺ܾõ⣺Сӣô൱Ϊ˻ծҵ𣿡
лѾˣŤͷЦſʣ³𣿡
³ȴǲţСӵֱʵ̫ˡ
лɹϵ˵³ͽҵѰɰɡׯһᾭӪġʱٸô׬Ǯ

˵ʣʲô
ĺѾڳˣӡ
лѾ˳ſڣϲʣôӣ
ε˵ܲϳ⣬£ֻ̲ӣ
лĳЦԸе衣л̲סɧֱʳʣƫƫٶٶҪ⣬ǳˡ

Ц˵Ǹ˵աҲû˵ʲô
ǰ԰ӣ̲ס߶ȸūô³çҪע壬㵣лҵƣɾҲ֪ô£ûиţܻջţξȻ˶š
лҲ֪Ǹ˵ںϵôˣο˵ûˣ˸үӸţظţô˵

ο˵ֻҪƽƽͺá

˵лٹżĺл˵µһҪˣտٽӶвУ
л£⼸ʣ䱻ɹ˲٣Ŀϡ
һκĺͰ˵УҪ㰢үȥ˽ׯжأЩʲôжճɣȻҽףƽׯж档

䱻Ļˣ㶵Ŀ
лɼ˵ûôʱ㣬ҪԼѧڸܿ޷ǲɶõľ£ʱ򳤰пׯͻ˵ׯϵ£˭ܣ
ŵһ仰˵
û⡣

л˵꣬ϣԶľЦȥ㰢үҵҽס
ϰŰĿУǳˣȻŲ˵ǾǺˬ

ڳʷмջĵڶ꣬ӸݷƤëµĲҵ
ݴʹĶӣһ·ͨ궬󺮣һӱ޵˳̣׬ǮԼ̶ӡ
Ҳֻߺһ·ͻʡ˶⣬ҲΡ衢ǡҩģЩλ

ǰһ̶ֱߣԼһˣ̶ڵŹϱаգǸݻˡ
ڰһжһЧԭϵĺᣬģ̶ӵһɡ
ԼͲôȥˡ
ŸɳˣͻʲϮɳޣɳݹһǱݣٳٲܶ顣
ǺˣܴϢ

⼸ոͬ˴ţһ״޳̣ɳޡΣӡݡϡ
ڶŸݵĹܼңݵĶڻۣλ
ŸգݴϢʱر

Ϻͺ˱һսǼϣò
żգۣĹϵ׽ÿһϢ˺Ů˵սȫͬлһսҡ
ΪǺƽʢﳤġ

¬ϽЩٳһ˵£ԴǮûȱ¬ϵڲźùˡ
ӳʷң¬Ժˣžŭ֮ԽԽˣղű߼ʣ˾һҾҪˣҲ֪㸸ܲڶջ㶼Ѿʮˣóˡ
Ĳ㱻ˮǺš
¿鷳ˡ

¬ýѵԼԺӣ߱˵˾ڷʮ꣬¬ҴǰҲ壬ϧ
ϧǰʱ¬λʦΪɵѳˣ¬Դû䣬˳Ժݶӡ
ɵǣͬΪʦ½λʦȴڼ޹ż½һҫ

¾˵Сʱµģ¬ѾٲάˣҽŮ޸ˣֻҽ׽顣
²ۣ׽飬һΣա

¬ϼ˵ʣԲҲʮˣõͣαϣ˾ҲΪͰԲסϾԲѾʮˡ㷸鷸룬ǲܵ˰Բ
ԼҲû뵽Լôˣһ׸סˡ

̽¬ϣ˾ˣп˵ʲô
¬ź˵ĵûᣬ˵ˣ㶨Ҫúд
ͣҾڷѰʵլӣɨ󾲺˾ˡһʣ֪ˣǳס

¬ϺܶûмˣһƬȣ汻˵Ķ˵ܵ;ǼңǶǮ˾׼լӵ£Ǯ
ɰ˵ǮŸܵǻɣԼǮ
¬ЩĺźҵɣҲſ˲֪ˡһ㶼ɲ
֪꣬˵ϲСģġ
лɵֱֽ˴޼ҵݳ޸߶

¬ϼ˵ģһƬůֻ޴
пҲ̰ˣֻǼⱲƽƽ׷ãҾǱҲĸˡ
˽͵ĸ
ʵҲɷ򲻹ģҪٳһơ
ŮˣǳеµĿѡ
лɣǿǸһĹ˭һһСïʢ

ż죬½յţ޳̶һĲ飬ԴǼĶ໳ɣ󻹾ĪҪţںϺΪΣԻڡ

Цˣ޳̴ĻֶΡҲ̫Ըˡ
¬ⳡǴᷳ

ųʷá
˵޶ĪҪţݾѱ㣬ΪܣԷݡݵĻ˳
һǧ֮ƽĽ
޳̵Ǳ׼ĹŴϸҲ̫Сʹ޳̳ӡӼûнӴǺεȵ֮ˣô޳Ķͣ˵Ŀ

ԥƬ̻Ƕʳʷٶֽ̳ʷһ䣬ݾɳ㣿
òǺгĴ𣺡аš
һ֮󣬻ǻȥȡ˽£ž˵ҵӡ½ףս򱱴ɽȥѰҺиҵ˽ӡȡս³˸ףٲ֪
۷޳ݽάȣݱѱգȫƾݱš

̾ģһ񣬵ĳС
ӵһԼһģɵ




20.  ʮ   ¼Ů

ܲһ곤˶קĸ첲˵ʷˣֽںϣʷҸһ仰ϵ֣٣Ǵսĺʱã硭
˵磬лɵоʵܳɣ಻꣬ʱܾͲ⸱ٵˡ
סˡ
ڰֵҲգֵ۽磬Ҷ죬˵ˡȥɡ

ӱ޲գ޳̾յ˴ӡ¡

ѮĴ޳̣ʢͣ˳ߣŨüխĿ˫ĿһõʱѲӪ࣬һɱ֮
񣬹󶼶ūƽʹ
޳سֳͼλš

޳̵ͷûжʡ±ϻʣʲô£
֪ʵǴϾųӴΣԴŲʣ˵׹˺ܾáƢķдָ
ô𣺡ɲδ˵ʲôֻ˵֪ˡ
޳Щ⣬Ťͷһۡ

ͳӡ¸ؽｻֻ׼Ͷһ˵
ĽӹɫŵССһŷöѰӡ¡
Ϻõһ֣޼֮ӡ
õ˵սǽȱɱϣɽȥѰҺɽиƾ˽ӡȡս
޳ɫ޲һԲֻǶӡ¡
޳̼ǻл˵ʣ˵ʲôˣ

ʵ˵˵Ϸ֣٣Ǵսĺʱ˵˾䣬磬û󻰡ַڣҲؽ˻ڶˡ
ü޳̶ƺûʲôϲ֮ģȡ֣ڴ֮¡
޳̰ζû˵ֱҲֻǵ˵˾䣺֪ˡ
üɫ࣬ٶȻˡ

սȱ꣬κͻ˲׼ԭܣݴʷĵȥѰֺܾˣ
δ
ֱ֮
£Сϻۣ
޼ٳˣ統ĺս󣬴޼Ҽ֧ͥ
ԸĶƽӹĻţҲҪһʬ
Ĵ磬
ɣ¬λǰʦһǣ鲻̣³ѳѳĩۡ
¬Ұ壬һʱͥ䡣

ˣ޳̾Ҳٽ˼ճ˷ͻţԺݽ֡
Ҳ֮ǰлпġ
ĵ߱ڸˣֻ֪Ժﱻ۸ƽѧдһĽѧ͵£Ƕ˵١
ûСһ˵֮ʥѸԺ֮Һ޻ֵĻᣬԷѧӿҵÿУֱΡ
лɵĺᣬı˴ܹٳĽṹӵܿԾš

ӵȨ£ľ˰ˡ
֣Ҫлɵʵṩ֣ɫ֣óл¹ϲóⶼûȤ
ѧ׬Ǯģӵһʽ̶Ӵͨϱ⼸ŬϻѾͨ˳ˡ̫ƽ˵׼ԼҪȥһˡ

½ļ˳ģ½´߶ȥлʣлxʲôʱңѾСˣлŮҲãóˡ
½󼱵Ļüëް취յĺ½Ԫߣ½ԪǸˣȫƾ޷ˣ⼸նˡ

˼գֱϢ˵лxײܹңŷġ
ߵ˵ˣ̫̫úùó·һ˰ɣֻ󰢹ˡ

½֮ĸ׵Ե˾Žĵķ粨ʮԺһ󣬹ʡͳ죬ԺɽȫɺĹ޵伮ѧʿǵΡ»ʱʱУʼԺѧ⼸һֱסԺ
¼Ҽֵһֱ׷Ҿ㱻ѵҲһʱѸ֮ǰİԵϰȺȥƽǵ٣ЩѰ
½֮ҲȥƽĻһ輼׿ӵɿ֪
ЩȤҲǮѧӵȤ

ǳĶ磬İָߴѧʶһͿӪ½֮һֱͿġ
Լ½֮ȥƽܾˡ嵹ǲգһֻŤͷÿգúý

ٽ磬̫ҺȺΪ岻ʣֶŮ
߽սѣΡΡʳ
ıܹӷչ⣬߲Ĺսôﶼһ˿ȹһۣϸüͶ㶼Ƿ̬ͷĸ߸ߵģ¶ĺ󲱾վڵǰѯʣù˯Ŀɺã
ǰֵصĹù·𣺡˯
иʣūˣ
ƹٻ磬ڵ߽ȥƹϣֶ˵мƹһȻɣЦ˵ͷ㵹вס
˵̫Һؿ硣
ƹ֪˼ʣŲ½ɣ
һ죬ֱ׳ѧӣвѧߣƷòѣƷòϵߣѧѣƫҪһòѵˡ

ƹĿ˵дȴ⻰еȴҲûǳ¼Ҳһ䰲ңҲʺԹǰ壬ǳ¼Ǻң֮𡣡
ڵﾲĵģƹԵÿտƳŷͷףͷʣôùãҸò½أ
ƹȴ˵ѡĺܺã½ʫ鴫ҡ
Ĭ
ƹ˵𼱣ùûġ
Сϻۣʫܺãʮǰƹ빬岻ʱĻùáλƹ򵥡






21.  ʮһ   

ٺúϵѾǰºˡ
лɽŸĿ϶ׯһ飬ԣ΢ɳʣãμӣӴƫƣƫԡ
³׼Ӵգֻܸɿţտ˹̫ˣ֪ԭ죬ҪĶһЩʱ첻
³Ӷũ˿ʮ죬ӲŶյ󳡣˵һֲ֣ĳѨϵ׷ӽѧϰоķʵСֻǶʱѧϰ֪ԭǵи޻оĽڣ˸߲롢ӽС
Ƿǳ鷳ҪĵḶ́Ѿѡֲ꣬ʼ˴֡

³ֻ֪ڸڲɹõĿⷿ˼񲩹żһĳмܣ϶ǳŵСľֵȫСյĵҲû˹
лɳÿȥϵ߶ʣµľ㱨
⼸չŷӶǲ
ÿȥ󳡿³
һлɵĵһˡ
ڹϵţ³ʼ浽ѾƽĽˣֹĳˡҿԳô

лɿعϣ󷽵˵û£ܳԣǮνҪԹ񫡣
³ȴѵõĵϿ˵Ȼծ½ҵծ뻹
лЦЦǿ

ϵʱһʽһ˶лŵϡ
ѣ쵽ɳֱž㡣
лɽϷֿݸ³³һγϣȻЩĽţһڣɿڣ֭ˮ
ÿϵľϲˡ
л룬ҾͲܾܾϡ

һת¶ǡ
³ϲޣϹȸū˵һζ
лɼ˵Ȼժţٳԣǲľ䡣
еĪҪôˣɾӣʡЩԡ
лɲں˵ʣǿܻ꣬ծ
ò⣬ֻ֡

ôãׯҶڼҡ
ĶˣߵҲĬ˴飬ʣǳʲô£
лҡҡͷ˸Ĵָҷĺá
ʣôˣ

Ѿٺ˷ӶڵޣкЩɣɣѾ͸ˣժӣЦ˵⼾̫̣̫סġ
лɳ˼ţ𡣺ʰ˵԰ɹʱϣǳóԡ
ĳԷ

лɻͷʹ˵ҵϳˣҪҪ
ϲʣζô
лɣ˵ҸôϾ̫ˡ
ӦУЩҡ

½ʰ԰ӻлɴ˵ϿԵˡ
³⼸ģ͵ϡ
ϣֱյı裬ղܡ
˿ڣϣˬĸпôҲ㳩졣

лʹΪܲϰ߻볯߻һ
ȴ˵ʵѵģǱϾﳤ󣬲Сκһˡ
лʵ˵ҺܲϰסڳǸɿˣŶҪйǡסҲžˡѧαװˡ㲻һһӵҪӦ
ϵĿǸܴĹŲ㶼úܺá

лĿƬ̺ʣǸôŮ˴ڨôоϣӦ˦пư𣿡
һЩҧгݵ˵ǸҸŮϵֱꡣ
лŶû˵ǸΪľӢʿ˵ǱȽǫġ

ʣ㵽׺ǮʲôԹ
лɿۿŵס죬˻ʣʲôƹҪ죬һ¡ʲƿҽȫճɡ

ٿһӾԹӻˡ
ȥҶɣλ⼸Ҫٹ٣ʱöŹȥ
лЩգʣ𣿡
Ц˵ҪǳϺԼ̲סȥ

лĺ˵ڰǰ󣬵Ͳ˻＾ڵʱׯ԰дˡרͻʱһĺɻҲˣȫľǶһ޶ġ˵ô
˼Ƭ̣ʣô
лɲ̫⣬ֻ˵Ҫо֣ûô๦ЩҪ֤Ǯơ

Ц˵ֻʣһ·ׯ԰ңרо
лɣҲһ˰ˣл֪ļҵǻҵȡ
Ҳһʱûкʵ⣬ֻ˵һȥ룬оͣ¡
л˵ߣȥҵĳɹ

ûмũҵרҵճĹңϵѾ۸ߣҪȼϵĻߣǲ룬ꡣ
Ȥʣ͵Ҳû𡣡
лɣȲʱӽǿ룬һҪܳɣСճɾб֤ˡ

Щ˼ƬʣȱǮ𣿡
лҡͷ⻰ʱʣ½ҵծˣҲǺż
ʣΪʲô
лɣϵʲôʱʸ֦Ҿоˡ

лĴЦ˵ǺѣԵ£ײԼһˡ
лɲŵĿ
˵½ҵүӣǰʦڶȵıλǸʸ֦𣿡
лɼ㲻ΣҲԼµĹϵ򵥡
˵ܲʮСɣδ꣬²֡
¬ǸʮСû˼л




22.  ʮ   ŮԲ

գ¬˾ͽˣʱûпϺʵլӣڳ·һһ˿լӣ¬ЯһҲΪƣͶ޳̣¬Щúܼѡ
һŵȺ¬һ˴ˮ·󣬻ࡣڴһ۾Ϳ¬һˡ
¬ʮĸݣ࣬ЩִһһˣϸĴʣǼ֮
ò˵ǣĸڼҵȾ˾˶ˡ

¬Ƿˣ¬һЩЩࡣ
¬ֵĶӣ¬һ꣬һֱ飬ûпʲôŴ¬˵ĸݣºӺ¬ֵŮ¬ں
Ҳûжʣ˽¬˵լ¬˵˾һͶ٣լĸ׼õģǸյϢɣٹҪʲôܺ˵
мǸ˵ȥĸס
Ǹִˣظ¬˵ľȺԡЦ˵ĸǺܾˣԺеʱ䣬ĸؿ

ĸױţ¬һ͵ţʣĸǲģҹȥ
¬ֱֻ쿪
ЩνȰ˵ڷһ£ǵزȥ㡣ȥͰ˵һ
¬ܱ˵Ķһſڣ廪ȥЩ֮ǰûüá
¬ǹֵһֲִۣţҴҸ廪

Լȥ˴̫̫Ժӣ̫̫ܼ£ҲݳޣŪݡˣʣЩʱղ㣬æʲô
Ҳǫ飬ʵ˵æ⣬ϲ̫ƽ͸˵һ
̫̫ʣĸ˵˾һ˶ǡ
յҺƭĸ׹ȥ˾ˣ˾ˡ
̫̫ЦŻͷʣĸ׵Ķ̣ͲΪ
Цŷɽ裬ں˵Ǵ޼ûЩĵĹأ֮ԡĸͬġ

̫̫ͷĿ·͸ڿһˡ
˺ܾã˵֮㸸סֵܼܽǰΣҪԹ㸸ס
ûʸֻ˵־ڹ
̫̫ȴ˵֪֮־ҲǺͰɶ಻㡣㳤֣㲻֡
֤ұ֤λֳκ϶

̫̫̾һЩεֱۣԳңͿˡ
Ҳû˵Ϳʲôˡ
ķ飬ļݵķ顣
ֱ¬ϲŻ
ϲ¬ֱԺӣž˵֮˾˺ö࣬Ҷû뵽ôࡣ

οԺ˾˾סڳ
¬鼤ޣ˵ȥ꣬Ҽ޵ûǡ
λ游Ĺ£¬£οĵʦһѪ̳ѧ
¬Ͽ޵棬ǰѱĻһ˵꣬˵һ㣬ûˣ˳ǣл׼Сĺãζû뵽᲻ˡ
ޣ޹ˣԸ˾ԺҸ£ȥиһ˾ҵĽӼá;ĸ߶
¬ֹ˿ޣԾ˾˵İû⣬ȫƾ

ȥҴ޺ƣ޺ͣʡԺѧʿͨɣ޺ƽĸ˳˴ϡ
ˬνס
޺ͨˡ

޺У
žͼλ˳Ե֭ˮһ;ޡ
Ц˵ھ󣬿ζѡ
޺Ѿʱ᳤ǵĴ޶˵ꡣ
޺һѵÿ֮ҵĶơ

˳˵ɲҵģиũׯרׯũѾֵˡ
޺ƺʣǲҵˣ
Ĭϡ

޺Ǹζصĵ⣬Ե˵СŮ˼ɡ
λ˶ϼֱ֡

˵ֻһ£ʢʱ򣬹һ£ҪٳԣҪˡ
޺Ʊôһ˵ĪֽȸС

һֱߺ󣬴Ҳ˵ֱ˵Ҿ˾˳֪ԺнϰĿȱضȼɡ
¬ʫ鴫ңš
޺ڴӦҹգдԺ塣
Ǿлˡ
޺Щ꣺¬ʱʫһתǶѾˡ

꣬ҸٸѰЩʳʳ
޺Цϲʣ㸸׿Ǹˣ
ˣʡ¡
޺Ц˵Ը
δǸ֮¶԰䡣

лɻ֪̫ҺصϣĿһ
޺ֻ˵żũֲ׸ʥϡ
ʥʹ޳൱޳ɱ󣬸λߵǡϺ޵̬ˡ
Դһٳ

лɿϵأôϣ˴³̡
лɶⲻ̫ϡţģ붮
⼸Ҫչ¬һҡ
¬ҰԲǸʮŮԲۣŽã¬˺˵ĶˣЩߡ
һͷּεУŰԲ˴޼ҡ
Ϊ˸Сһϣͷβûк˵
¬ǿӲҪŰԲȥϡ
һ뵽ҪȢһʮĳ;Լ
ʵ޷ʹŰԲȥл

лԺԾ²ˣ²ϸۣڴϵ˳ʰ԰ӣ̧ͷԶԶǰһ
ڵϻں˭
ԺӣϳӣһʮŮ³
лվʣǣ
лһװСɾԲߵվڴ󡣴еݡ

лɿһűͻȻˡ
ЦԽЦԽЦɽХʣǣ˺ҫˣ

ַһֱЦˣ˵˵£ӡ
лһЦ첱ҪԲʣλãʲô֣
Բͽһŭ⣺

лֲֹ֧ˡ
лԼ˵Ĵ޸þ͵Լҡ
˵꼷üŪ۵Ц




23.  ʮ   ¬ҰԲ

Ŀˣ̲סˣ˵лԸˬֱҪн
Բ˾ȵ̽ͷ
лЦкԲߣȥԺóԵġ
ԲųЦСԲһϲ
һ̴򣬼˴ЦŴк硣
ԴӸȺԺ˻˺ܶ࣬ܵлɵģ˺ܶෳ¡
лʶûʲôŮͰ˵ȱˣСԲȥСɲ¶ۼ⣬ϲʲôժʲô
³֪ܶľ

Բ棬Ŵѯ
尢ԲŰȥϳʲôӣлϵǣĸժĸ
ʮС̵סջ󣬺߹麦ߣͷԣҹ˵㲻Ǻô
ŸŰԺӡ
ʵڣǷ۵廨ЬʣҪұɣЬУܴˡ
ԲɵվסԥʣСЩ𣿡
룬˵ǲС
³˻˵ѪͳüǸ߸ߵģŨüۣĳһǸεĶɡ

Բ˺ܴһ˺˵Ҳ¡
ûľᣬ˵Ҳû£ҪЬ˲ܴˣһ˫ߡ
ԲĿѾǰ·ˣԲ˵ҲŲҪЬ
֪Ů£ֻǰ·߳ȥһ·ָǰ˵Ұ˿˵һ絾ҰһƬܿ޷˵ʱƯ
һͷԲԶԶں棬﹡ϳȥ㲻ãȻǰԶˣһͷܻ㣬ȵҡ
е㲻һ·Ϊʲô߲
ۻȥֵץҰɡ
ԲͽһŭĿΪ·ɾ˵ҪЬ࣬ұҲԣ˰ɣ
Բ챻ˣһί̸Ŀڣ˵ʲô죿ġ
ԲԶ۽µЬȥ˵ˣô߰ɡ
ڽ˵Ұ·Ҷ죬µزϣʲôᡣ
Բȵʣ㰢òҡ
ı⣺㲻Ұ㲻ѰСŮֻס¥廨裬Ұ֣д־򡣡
ԲĪһأ˽ŲӣʣʲôõģСǲǱʫ飬Ĳɣȼ˭һֵأѵ𣿡

лɵĳݼֱ˶㣬Բͷۣڰ챿˵˵ַϻˡ
Բû˺еŤͷͿһƬϵأضԲϣԭģ
Ժ˵ЩҰֵģҲֻ֡
ԲѾˣֻźĿϣҲӷЬˣϵغʣʶĸģĸ𣿡
ʵ𣺡ֻҰ㣬Ұүʶ

ԲҲʧϵֿ֮ˮشֵһμˮˮʣᱻ𣿡
Ժ˵ᣬҪˮҰȵġ
Բ䲻밢㣬лɺʹô죬ûǺ죺ˣ㰢Ҳˣ
䱻ǺЩ죬Ų˵

лɲС˼ģʹϵ˼ǣֻʷľ¥סԴ۸̧
лɲ̫ôֻʣأ
ģģġ
лͷˣѾһˣ©ô
˵ҽճҪǹһᣬʣµĹ㡣
Ц˵ãе׬Ǯķӣġ
лɺ֪Լˣʣ˵ʵǲ̰ˣȻĻôôǮ
óףܽ᣺֮˵ǻǮǮһᣬһ־ǷȻǮתγһ
л˰Σֻ˵ʱңǿɺޡ
Ȼһ
оⱲӶͲлɶǮ˵ĺˡ

Ѿ׼緹ˣ˿ˣлɣҪҪȥЩ⣿ȥջʡ
Ҳл˵͸Ƶˡ
л̾ЦҵļҳÿҵĳԺȡ
ʣʵôˣ
лɣûڣҸ޽ˣһγɻʲôߣǲ
ʣ޽ʲôˣ
ϺϹϡ
һʺûףʣǳĹܳ𣿡

лĳ˵޽ӣһ¼޽ӣҲûѧͱܾѡ˿ˣҲ֪ʶ
Ķ඾˵
лɼ˱ۣ˵գ޽һϹϿʮµʱ벻ϣ
̾Ĵָ˵Ұԩ
лͻȻãΪһƢͦõġ
Ϊһũҵ͵ˣֵֵԸѾ÷ǳˡ





24.  ʮ   С

ƢĺãĹѪͷҲգʣҼʶһϹϼ޽ϣҰӽͼ޽Ӹˣԩҡ
лҲԼе㱩ˣϰˡ
ǮӸ磬˻ˣƢͦõġ

лɵʵңѾ֮ǰȫһѾ쵽ϥˣĺûнķһҶϣŶϹҶѿë׵еװۣžϼ޽ӵġ
ĶǰϸĿţԵ˵ũҵˣǡ
лɻڹ۲룬ʣôˣ
ûӻлɣĺ

˾ĵоԵĶԺӺȸū
лӦȳȥˡµıʼǣּߣپɣȫһŮӵֺ֣̫ˡ
޵ķ˼ҳıʼǼ¼ĺϸֲ¼Լоۣôп׼ȷ
Ǻܱ׼о档
˺ܾá

лɳʣôˣ
ŵӺͼ㣬ź˵ȥˣûˣֻʣЩˡ
лɿ㣬Ȥ˵ҲɣúõĻóԶˡ
Ц˵ȥʰʰ
лɸ˵Ұɣʰ
ȥëǸ鷳ȴлպûæ˵æ

㣬ԥʣҪ
лɼû˵ģɱҾţ㣬Բԣ
Ƭ̺ʵĶ׹ȥ㣬лɴոɾƤϸëȻˮϴɾ

̷һΧתתȥԼ֪
ӣʣôգ
л£ָˮ󣬷ɰӽԽԽá
㴦鷳ζãҪԼõɼ飬ɫ棬һȤվһʣ㻹ʲôֲˣ
лͷҲ̧˵ǿɶˣʲô
ŤŤʲôֻҪ֪һҪǸʵĻ飬ĪаȫеĻ顣
ЦЦ˵˵
л˵佫ˮͱϣζ
лڳ￴ţйɷľʲôл̻
ǰûнӴŮ֪һŮôô
տŹں¯¯졣
ԺＦѼĽԶоرİ

ߴߴԲˡ
Բϵðժһϣ䲻Ը⡣
Բ˵һȥл˵ժˡ
᲻ãֹ˼ǿˣǸСԥƬ̺󣬻Ǹժ˿ġ
·أСɲ¶ˮϵĺҶѾ̿ȤȻ
ԲҲҰˣ͵Ĳ˻ʣʲôʱ򿪻ǲǻɫĻʱƬǻɫǲǣ
ϸ̲סûʶʲôôСֵġ

лһֱȹ乻˲űԹҽۣ߲ˣô죿
ֱ޿ˣкöҪ
Ķǰұ㡣
Բʱŭ㵽׶أôܱء
ͷ˵Ϊ룿Һæûź㡣㡣
Բ죬죬ıǲ컹һš
̫СˣһԲɹͨҲ

һˣúƽϣε̾ʣҪô
ԲЬѾĿɫˣ»ȥЦʣ˵һ˫Ьġ
ǸСӣ㣬Ҫȥȥ򡣡
ֶ£ûôأ߲ұȥû֪
Բʵ߲ˣͷһۣ˾ģſڰ䱳ϣ壬䱳
һ·Ϻߵһ仰˵
Ҳǰ䡣

ûԺӣˡͷԲ̣ͷҿ
棺˵㱳ġ

äˣ
ԲֻƵģȹӾˡ
˴˵һ
տСƵģݵ˵û£ϴһ
лɵʱ򣬴ſڵо䱧ǿϣŴлɣôжû죿
лֵĿʣֲֵأо
۵룬ǸŮӣ˵һͻֱҭ㡣




25.  ʮ   Է

緹һ峴ݫӡ㡢š貤ˡ, ˸Ϲ̡
ԲûкһһԹ޹أлɴװ, ֹˬ, ȫûйСӵ, Բ, ˵ĲˣҪϲĸ, ͽ˵, ´θ
ԲԭȾʹô죬е㵭ļ, Ѿˡ
˿峴ݫ, ζԥƬ, תȥš
ԭ׵ĿڸУͷȫͬ΢, Բ, ̲סĵͷ
лɼֻƵ, ó𣿡
Բһ˫۾Բģ, ȵģǳɰ˵ֻǵͷ
лϲԲСдϲͶԵ㣬Ժʲôͽ˵

лɳԷһֱܽʳ̰ࡣעһ, ԷʱҲƫ߲ˣԵĲࡣ
Ǹⲻˣϲ˳Է

ڷϺĿʣô
ͷ
Ľ
лɲΪȻһǮĹӸ磬Ȼʳζͦоġ
ӣζʮ㡣
˵׷ҲԣȸūƫҪԵס
лɲϲףҲ죬Ц˵ֻܳ԰ɣеˣԵġ
³˵ҳԺ׶ԡ׾ǳ԰ɡ
½ʱس
лɿɲ³һҽʡֻ˵Բңܷġ

ϸгÿ˶һϣʼġ
ԲеԶˣ˼ĳһƬϣŲӿϣûֵӣл³ȦΣһ
ԲЩﴦ˾ʣ޴
һ˿Σлĺܺáֲðſڱտô
лɼЩʣҪҪȥ˯һ
Բϣ̻񣬾Ŀ

лѴϧͷûᣬл޷尢ԲСһ˯ûôˡ
ԲһϣȷʵЩˣʰ÷˵ȥ䡣
߰ԲлʴǼСͦɰġ
ͷҲ̧ҵģԼҲˣǸҾҲɲ¡

лЦʣ䣬Сأ
ϣ̧ͷϣ˵лɣǸʲôᣬҲ֪ҪǲⱲӶ֪˴ţôʡҲǸˣԭеġ
лЦ㻹ͦζġ
ֱҭˣƬ̣ʣǸʲôˣ
л£ܳʵ˵һͦ˵Ǯˡ
ľŴĴָľܵõһпϵ治ˡ

ţлͻȻһ£طȡţݸ˵ҸлӷŰɣҸдţһζûءҲ֪ƫƫҲûʲôϢںˣҴһǲǳˡǣ
ţʣдʲôˣ
лһ㶼ʵ³дģֲ˼ҵĹŮϹдʲôš
룬˵ϳˡʱͲȥ
лȻ̧ͷʣʲôˣ
ͻ£Ϯޡȫڱսˡ
л˰Σʲôû˵

ͻȻһֻ֣̿սҡ
Щ
û취ܴʲôϢܴ𣿡
εĿЦʵ˵ҲܵģҸ״޳ݣҵ첻ôĿǰûյʲôϢСΧĶңӦʱӰ첻

лɲĵ˵лиӣл˵ȥĸˣûյϢ֪᲻¡ҿǸưܵļͥ
ӦԴȥ˰ҡ
лָһֱãź˵Ǳⲻˣ
ο㲻սңˡ
лε̾Ҳֻ˵һҪӰ࣬ҲҪϣʲôƷ֣ʵı걾ԽԽá
潹ǣҸ޳ȥˣϷԣݲᣬݺݴ̫࣬ɴʱ
лɣͻ˲жս֪ɲʮ꣬ҡ
ƴʷȻƾһ˵ûõġ˵ʷʱܸıģ첻ꡣ

лֻƣƽĺ˵ȨʱǸö
Щһ۾˵лɣǲˣΪǵȥı䣬ҵ̬ȡȨȻǺöȨζѪеĵһǺ顣
лס۾ʣս־սǲǣ
ָͷο̫ˣС
л̾˿ź˵ǿ־塣Һ£İĻͻıʡ
˵£ҡ
лľܿɿ˿̣ȫĵġ

ڶգлյǲţһɱޣأֶˡ
лɵʱڹϵժϣģдϵĻơ
³װãлɿ۵Ĺϣٹժһһ£ھͽˡ

ҲǾͽƽϵȵռ˺ͳǮȨǡ
ϳ˽ĵĳˮ
ʣµĹڳʷĿջۡ
ȹٺ̣ֻÿλ˵죬ƽ輼׾ռˣټˣȻȨƵˡ
´ƽŴ޼ٵȨƣ˼׮ε⡣

һͲ˽Ǯһ
һᡣ
лɾ֪ϵĽΣҲôǮ
˵ϵĸ̸ɼ׮Ǯպˡ
лһ˳ǣѾ＾Ĳ԰⣬Ϊʵ鲢ûж٣Ҳ̫⡣
յţʰһ˼ҡ
³ֻлɴȥлѲ塣
Ҳжʱûлˡ
ң¼ϲĺСӻˡ
лʣ㰢أ
£ȥˡ˵Щߡ
лʣȥǱܸʲôǸӲǺԸ𣿡
ͨ졣
л˼˵ͷʣôˣ
֧֧Ĳ˵
ͻȻ뵽иӡ
²ʮꡣ
˾໰߰£ȥº˵
һͱĳˡ

ĺܿ죬ϲ˵Сӻˣǲ˰ɣ
Դ֪һȫź󣬶ֱϹϾлɲô˵ʣ˵ȥӼˣ
ǸʲôزסˣϲġĶϡ
ĳ˵ͲСˣǸ˵ڣǰףŮûˡ⼸ҲûϢŸҼҾʵʱҲСӡ
лۣüʣڷҲ㲻֪ô㻹ҪףҪѰ͵
ֱ׵ĸסˣſڣ˵
лʧĳڰ֣˵ˣֻ˵ׯһæδȥׯϡڸղŻлҲö͡
Щ񣬼ʣСӣʲô
лɺĺ˵лҵˣװףףҲѡƷж˺õˡһծⲻưӵɣǾлҳϦҿԷǳȥѰ˼ҡ
׻ˡ
лɾΪŻһӵŮˣ޴Ǻ޵

޵ıл飬лɴȥʰʰʳµȻ˵
ͷȥʰ£ڸҵĶӣʶ𣿡
£˵˲ãƽ˻졣
лĸˣǸ/˵
Ҳȥ˵еƽȥ




26.  ʮ   ƽ

緹Եļ, ޹۾ǺģϰֻܾӲ˵
ֹлİõĳ극, ¿Ӳĺ˵Ҫвס, Ҳȥס, ǱһֱȱˡҪЩеû, Ժӣٺ͸츾ʱ, , ҲҪ׵𣿡

û뵽ôʣ仰ûȥ, ֻǾȵ˵Ҫ, ˭ңСɾô죿û˿ô졣
лɱЦˣҾֲܡ

лҲǿ, Ķûôġͻ룬ʰ£Ҽﻹûкÿװ
˵һԲۡܺÿ
˵ӸƵģڰϵ, ˵С¸ͷɡ
±Цͨ졣
ͷ, ٲȻһεĸӸ, ׼ţΪ
лЦ˵㲻ܴȥ, ȥл˵ĵط
ãĿ
лɲú˵ȥƽˡ

ŽƽԺͬɫĸ־ɱ£˷, ¥һ̽ͷлɳһЦӱЦĻͻȻͺˣס죬Ŀһ·ߡ
лɻͷۣڿעĿӻ֡
˱Բͬ¥϶ǲʳ񣬺ɫ޵˿񡣱ԱȽ϶࣬Ůлվդǰ͸Ц

ſڵСЦкɾߡ
С澼ģСŮͷĵЦЦʣ˭ڵ٣
СŮԺ˵ӣ˼λͣصգڹݸ¥ﵯˡ
лɺʣӵղҲһ𣿡
СŮЦ˵λɾƫӵ١
лû룬˹ݸ¥¥̨λӣڸ٣ʮλˣÿ߶λӣȥ󲢲ͻأһСɾվŲ࿴Ŵľһ룬ɶЩ/潵ѡ֡

ԴлһžͿˡߵСƫƫߣϣлǿʶƿ
ļλлλϴ˼ƫӣɲһԸؽ뻨Ӹˣλϴ۲ţɿš
̫֪˵˼ˡ

лƹȣ󣬲ſ˴ߵСӼſˣĿһ࣬š
лɿ濪ʼϷ/ˡ

һε룬˵á
Ƶ棬һâڱĸоڱóӵ
һֱӱݽлɶûгӵ٣õĸ˸лλ̧
λϴѾȲˣкСϴĪʱ﹧ţֻǿɣ˲ضǡ

λϴһ˫ۣü°п룬лɿǺѣںϸϸƷ裬Ȼл裬ζ嵭Ůһ̵ģЦЦ˳С澵֣ڣ˿С澵֡
С澴û뵽һ˲ʱüЦ
лҲЦЦ

̨ϵĻӲ֪ǿĶǿС澣ʣλɾգ
ӵĿӹȺˣֱֱлʶĺ˼룬ݵãȻŤͷСŮǵͷƻһǮΪʲôһˣ

ͷı֪϶ˣʱ̿
ûлһĿ
лɻ󣬻к˵лһûݣĳҡ
Ŀʣݿɷɾȱ衣

л룬ԩͷˡ
λϴ˱˰;˺ŭĿŤͷлɣƿϵСƿкϴˣСϴˣ뻨Ӵ·ϴ˼ʶʶ衣
ӴͣҲȥһ
лֻһ뷨ûǮˡ
ô˵Ҫллˡ

Ůڲٶлɣλϴˣϴˡɾ롣
ϴ˺һȺ˸ţλϴˣһȺƲȥ˸ڣϴɻţ˵Ľ̸ţں漸
ǰͷлɣһۡ
лɶʱֹҤӱץĸо

ȴһȥôλС澸·ƽܴ󣬸λǵľǧϸĵȼ߼ռ׷
Ƹ׷
Ǳ֮ĵ͵ռûмհ滷ܿǡ

һԺй䣬˷
ûתԺӣͱסˡ
Žȥϴ˾ͳˣ˿ִСŮĲϣЦʣСѾͷӣĸƯ
侲ʣʲô
лɱһͷ˫ۣȤȻĿ

лʣ㲻ȥˣ
Ǿؿ˵
лɲҪ죬ʣмõģҽܽܰɡ
Цʣܸʲô
лģһˣ˼˵ң
ЦЦʣ˵˵Ҷʲôˣ

ле̣Ǯռȷʵ¡
ǣܴܲȥ裿
һɵߣһԴŤͷ˵߰ɣȥ档
лɺֻ֪˷ܣ²ۣλӼֱж֪ľͶˣôˣͼʲôأ
ʣôһ
³϶
лɲں˵һسһˣͻȻ˾￴ϾǺպ硣
ͷһȤʣЩȤ

лֱ׳ʣĥĥߴߴʲôֲҿģֻ׼׼Ѳ㶼ˣ
˼ͷ棺˵
лһѣ㣬ǶƵġ
һͷԴ

βߣ¥ķƿĴĸ¥ǰ
ӣڴǰվʣæˣ
лɿźϸҡҷˣ̲סʻԼЩ룬ֲǺ˼
ȴˣעǸˡ
𣬹ܼ𣬺Ľż⿪ʼԭػԲϵСϸϸлɿľ̾һ׷Ů԰谮֮ġûش⡣
貽ԽԽ죬ֻĻ䣬̨Ϸ̨µ޲̾
лɼʵ˵ô裬ȻֻһȺĳ˿ϧˡ

ѵõ̬䵭˵ٶ໰ҾͲ㵲Żˡ
лɻͷȵʣ濴ˣ
ҪǲʵǾͲһˡ
лԵ˵ˣǸܾ谮֣ǺεºܣʸӵôƯŮˡ
ϧˣƫƫŮˡ
лɾñе̣ȻŭٸˣƢԣ
ʵ죬̻˿˵û뵽ﱻ˶ϣô
лɻеʣҲ̫ǶˣôƯ˶ǣҪˣ

˵Լʲô㲻ԽΣգԽҴ㡣
лɺֻ֪ſ裬ƢҲˣźʴλׯСסԸóԺúȵдûǮǵǮˣԸС㻨ġ

˵ôûһ






27.  ʮ   Сɲ¶ǣ

лɱӵʣҵǮҲ׬, ӻˣ
춼ˣţ׬ǮȥƯС㣿
л۾뿪, ֱ۷, ڰֲ˵⻰˵, Ҫί, ǴԺŮˣҲ㡣ҿҾ͵Ҳ֪

ЦΪС, ǿݴˡ
лɵĻƢڱ, Ťͷʣģô£ˣ
Ҳ˵, ΪʲôеƢ, ֵֹģ˵, 췴Ӧ࣬˿ĳ˵ٸռ˻, ʮ, Ҳûһ۶ࡣ
лֵ˵ֲȢ, ҹ۶಻࣬뿴衣
˵˼Ƭ, ŤͷʣǲǰŮƭ飿
ԽԽƶ϶Ůƭ
ȻذԵĴսգգ˵ҽĹ£Ҳš

沿Ŀ, һ
лɼգֻҪ˵˵ĸŮǣ˵׼֪´ˡ
̲˵˲𡣡
лɰڰ֣ں˵ҾжšǸŮǿΪƽ˺ܶෳա
Ŷ
л˵ǰЩѪŮϣǾȻûһȥҵſһŮܶˣ֪ǮȱѪԻô£ȻһζûôƯĽ㣬ѵֵǾһҪҵĻǡ

˵ҪĻ㱻ƭһ˿//ˡ
л־͸һȭһۣŤͷȥˡ
裬½еǳ

Ҳ˵ĲÿԴﵽЩʲô߰ĶŮӵϸ񾭣һ㶼ûС
Ҳֻ̾
òʵлֻҪһװԼϾԼǸˡ

ֱ̨лɿˣʴ˵£ô
лɺʣʲôˣ
Żε˵ûʲô˵ʲô
лɼɫأ֪²ġЩС£ҲطҪ鷳
͸Ŀ˵û£Ϣ𣿡
ûУ䱸ɭϣͨżѡ
лҲǿ󡣴ȴ˵˵׼Ҫһˡ

Ϊ£޳̸˷š޳ʼջںߣ֪޳ǲǾ̫ˣġжȰ֮ԣԭĴʹ޳̸֮ĶԹ
޳ķػһ˺Щ¡

лĽţʣ˵ʵǲǺˣ
ҸݣֳҲںʱȥһˡ
лŷֲ٣üʣûΣգǺң
ͻȻЦһ˫۾ǹʣûС
лƢһ˷޳ģҲᡣ

ĪĸˣһЦ⣬˵ߣȥԺóԵġ
л̽˴ʣûС𣿡
˵ҿûǮôСǸݸ裬ˡ
лҲʧŶ˵Ҳԣֽһһݳᣬȷʵеݳޡ

ǻڣ־ô࣬һ㰮ҲӦõģӦԴϿͳŵæ󣬾ȥׯϣʱϲʲô裬㡣
лȻͷ˵Ҿ˵һȣҲµ˰ɣ


ܾ飬ٺϻһת¥лɼ߳ŭƶСˡ
ੲݵ˵㿴Ǽ鹻ͦߵģ϶ȢʱһҪͿķ֣ǧĺԺ޳ܵ˲Ÿɵ¡ǸճԷˣǵһȵռˡǸƫҡ
͵ͣסŲлһͷײȥƺһ

оԴײЦ䵭ʣô
л־Ϻݺһƣʣú·ʲô񾭣
úӷ飬Ťͷ;˾䣬ͷһۡ

лɱ䣬һ飬ֻ˲ͨ졣
еʧ룬ݵ¶е㺦ߣݺݵ۴ӶЦˣϽ˵㻹һºˡ
лɲ֪ģͲİˣһۺԼˣʣһɵ֡

ںԷ⡢շˡβ
лͷҲصʱ䲻ˣҪȥˡٲȥͲܳˡ
ס̫һǡ
лɷ˵÷
ûԶԣҺ÷˷ٻȥҽб̸ȵҡ
лиŵ㣬Ƣõ˲ع飬ͷʣ˷ʲôʱ䣬ȥɡ

æȴȥ⡣
лʣӣʶĶ𣿡
˵̫ʶֻʶļλϾ̸ĶˣǳǼλġ
лƲƲӣǼǧһСһ㳤ûС
ͣԣ˶Ǻö

лɼ̬ôƽγĿ˵ֵñһǣκһˡЩɼˣҴŽǱģԶ߷
üʣԣƽ˸飿
ле飺ûҲ·˳·һ·ҿûСӡǸ۶࣬Ҳš
Ҳֻͣ˵´

߹հ˹գһĵֺ꣬ţţֻͻ˵ǵһ׾ơ
·л¥ڿķлɴһ·ʣΪʲôôϤֱᳵ·

ҪǲԺ֣ô⣿ôˣôñң
лɾȻ޻ϵ˵㵹治ס
Գǵ˽Զġ

Ȳ˵Ŀ϶лѵõҪæȥɣҳԼȥ
棬벻˵û¡
лɺܾúܾöûгԹƬˣһϲĿűƬ͸Ƭͷ˵治һҲڽĹӡ
Ȳĳ˿ں۾

һθУôãûдһߣһ˴ڽΪƱ
ԶʵǿɰܣһȫӣӶû
ֹ꣬ԵģȫЩġϾ㡣
л˿ڸ֮ϼĴ̶ƽˣϵʣĲһ㶼ҾƬζĲ

ͻȻһźôǰûôʵϵһŮӡ
ԴȥԵĶȥϲݳԱ

лɼһĪĿ̽ʣ㲻ʲô˼ɣ
ʧЦβһζûжྪޣֻȡԾŵԢ⣬ͼ
βǳζ
ʢл˵ȵԶƬϿ϶᲻
лɣңͦõġ
Ҳ磬ͻȻĶˡ

лɳ˿оζиܵ˵ǧǰǧǰʳѷɫִǮﶼԹúܺá
ҪǴǰ϶ᷴǴ˿̣üĿ꣬ѾͻΪȻ
Ե˵ԣǮˣﶼñȽס

лɵһκǮ˵Ļһ£²˵Ӷ׬Ǯһˣ컨ôߣǮˣҲûôǿĽҵĻũӪкܶ⣬ĺңҲܸм㡣

˵ּٴյĿһĶԵα
Ե˵ѾˣҵרҲũҵֻ׬Ǯ
лɵͷɷнµ˵˵ʲôҪҰ£˵Ҿ޶׬Ǯ£Ҫ㡣
Ц˵׬ôǮ޷ǾôôһҲ޷
л˿᲻⻰˿˿Ƶ⣬ˬʵЦڳޣ˵ǸرĵǮˡ
ЦЦ粵

лɳһٷֱѾǺܵˣͻȻϲݣ˵Ҽϲݣûʲôرϲģҿ԰տȻҵоǸ򣬵տݻǿԵġ
û뵽£ֻ˵
лΪţͣҲ˵ѣѧҽˣڿƶƵĲ㲻һǻ˽ġ
Цˡ
˵ҲǶҪİãǿһЩ
лϸϸƷ仰ֲİġ
뻹˳һЩݣҲ¡

лɳԷųУ顣
иվſڵԸɫһԸСлͳǣʱ̫٣ȥʷҡ
鹧Ĵ𣺡ǡ
лûǰǺƢ

е㲻飬˵ʶһˡͻȻеİоԼ岻ϻЦЦˡ

ҴһַȥλСϴˡ

лɸźĺ𣬳ѹأлֱ˳ǣ飺Ǽɾƽʱסڳʷ𣿡
Ǹٵϰˣֻ˵ɾ̶һֱͣפڳʷĿջ
л֪һڳʷʱžԼ̶ӵ⡣
Ƚ˳ʷﻹһַ֣̿ͣǷ

齫ջһ·¥ĸ뱱¥һĶ¥齫ķ˵ɾƽʱסĵطСɾȺƬ̣ɾſˡ
лɿȥæɣȵ
ȥƬиŮ澽ƣⷿӺܿһƫƫǸķ䣬ֻôɴ鰸żܡܡ滹סĵط

лɺ棬ǰĴ˲ᣬļ¼Ŀܴ㲻϶ÿǺܹл淭˼ҳ
òִ򽻵򽻵ˣȷʵǵ츳

˲ᣬǾɱīıʼǺܸɾм򵥵ۣƤëһںд˾䣺ȥ۸һɣ¡״Ӱ졣
ÿһвˣľָ꣬ܲ²ֿܡ

лȤſ˺ܾãľ;ֱܿ¡
ֱпѧõ˵е

ıԤϵһſϣĿ˲ᣬЦ˵Ͳܶ㼸յ𣿲Ҫ۾ˣ
л̧ͷ·֮ǰһ筺ɫԲۣ˿Ѿһɫɫ˿ߵӡ
һʱȻҲ֪ʲô㶵Ŀ

Цʣôˣ
лʣô·ˣ
˵Ⱦһڸڻ·
лҲ֪Լ뵽ȥˣ˵ʲô˵𣿷Ҫҹ
Щˣ࣬˵óȥ㣬סһҪȻְ¼ˡ
лɶĻʲô˼Ǵ˿̣ͻȻ;⻰˵ͦġ
Ӳϻ

ʣ˱˼𣿡
лҡͷ˵˱ûʲô˼ÿһ²ⶼ˼
Ц£ַ˱ֺۣϣֻ˵˶Ĺɣ㲻ʲô¡

лɾЩĪΣһȦ̾ǸǮӣż꣬ȻѾҲᣬһȣҾҼҵС
ЦŰοҲǮ˼ҵĹӸҪǮ˼ҵĹӸ磬ҲһǮ
лɷнµĵͷҲԡ

ͻȻʣʲôʱȥ½һǮ
лֵʣôˣ
ֻͣǴߣǾ绹˰ɣҪϵǻҪ㡣
лɺʣأôԲ˾˵Ů
İ취ʲôİ취ܸϸ˵ҪȻ϶ᱩס

лԼҲʣû취½Լ𣿡
Ц˵Ҳǲԡ
лɼʣ˵˵¡
½ĸףĸһǡ
л̾Ҷ֪½ȲлҽףҽӴǣû취
Ц˵¼λСӽ궼סڹ¼˿ɴء
лԵ˵Ը¼˸ϵģҸɵǼ£ôöû˵ݰ裬
̿˵ȥǮǮˣʱǵˡҵʱһѡ

л˵½˿ͦģҲˡ˭ôСأ
һۣ֪ߵЩˣϴϴ˯ɡ
лɾĿʣס
ͷҲص˵ססڸڡ½һҾˡ
лɻû˵ͷԸŮ˯ⷿմӦòϰߡϴϴЩ˯

лϿŮˮЦе˵лл
ŮҲֻ֣˵ϴȥ·
лɴŴ˯£ķ䣬ڰĵƹŴϵĸŻʶ̽ĺͿ˵˵𣿡
βͷĸ⴫۾˯

лʶıۣ̲סۣ´ӣѰܴ򿪵ĸţ˰죬мŴ򿪣鰸ǰдͷҲ̧Ц˵ٲ˯͸д˱
˵̧ͷͻȻͶסˡ
лɴ˯¡ڸ첲⣬ͻȻͲһˡ




28.  ʮ   ҹ

лɲ֪ԼǴ·, Ѿ㰫ˣǴĿǰ꣬ӵ·, Ǻܿ
Щ, , Ͽת, һʣô˯
лν˵˵ط˯š, Ȼȡ
ŵ, ߣԼͷ˲, ˵, ƿ֪ˡ
С¥ò
л, ʣк𣿡
Цû˵
лɾеֵֹģչȥ˱, ʣ⵽ж󣿡
ÿ, , Ц˵ûжֻЩȽҪĻ
̶ӽĵ, Ҫܳ¼ļǳãĿĶ
лɿ֣е˵ҵֺõó֡
ʵݸ, ˵ãҳһɣҿ۾ۡ
ϻйɵľζлʣȾˣ
ľƲŨܺһ㡣
лƵҫҵѳɹģˣʱѾơ

˳Ļ˵⡣
лɵͯӹ鿪ʼͬѧдõѧʦֻܳдġ
ȤͷһһܳʱʱʣȻҩĺ˿񣿡
̶˶࣬˲ʲô
лɺ棬ʣ㶼ȥ̶ӣͲ췴𣿻Ǳ
ϲ֣֣ͣˣһŶӣǹ˾Ƿ̶ӣĹ취ĥĶҲùͨģƣڱΪĲǮƣΪһˣΪ˷Ƹ뱲׬ҵ
лͣ±ʣԵ˵ʱĺ
ҲҼһɱŮӡ
лɹŹֵŤͷ½ĵӰ£ȷʵԻˡл˵̣˵СֵˣͿɱ

ЦҲ粵ʣǰʲôרҵ
лɺ˵һǻũҵΪũҵרҵҰڲݹǼ˵㣬ܳԬڣҰֵѧʷûлȨ
ʣأ
лҡͷ˵Һ㲻ͬĵطʮʱѾʶһӶʶĶˣȷķ򡣵ʮʱʲôʲô滮

˵Ҳܰ
лɵͷ̫ܳ˵ҵžˡأǰʲôĿ𣿡
˵һκ̸ǰȻ˵ʵʧܵĸмȡ˺ܶѵ뿪ǰĻҲÿˡ
Լã˺ܶࡣ
ҴǰûôҰģǱĳɹɣһЩ
лЦʣʲôˣǮֻҪǮ¶
㲻֪ҵƶʱжѣǵطĵطǾ޿κΡյ취ǮͶʣһ

ЦǸƢȻȥҵͶʡǸ档
лɣЦҲˡ
飬䣺дĺܺá
лɽ˵Ϳʼ֣һֱвŶ¡
ִ棬˿⽫ԼȱչֳŵҲúȷ

ﶼĽлרĵָܳϵʣʲô
Щתֵ⣬
ָ˵ܹܸҵˣЩСĿĶֱϡ
л۾ʣǵܹܣǲǺ׬Ǯ
аɡ
лɲ֪ʲôֻ˵ⱲӾˣһ㣬һҲԣ㶵š׬Ǯңֻ¾ͺˡ
л̸Ǹ˼ںǴ˿̴һֺƽģĿ˵ͻȻеж

˵Ůӱͱ࣬½ҵ£취ҪиݣһӴڽ⡣
лɹִ˵ֻҪûԼԵĹϵҾɵġҰôô
İʾûãҲ˵ֱ̫ףĿ̫ǿˡ
лʣأҪȢԲ
ʧЦҺǴֵˣôܡ
лŰģҪûн飬ȥЩСԼ˴šǽˣûЩرȽϺãûе¸еˡ

ģģҲġ
лЦеģ±˵ˣˣֺÿˡ

ĸ飬ĲϣǸԵ塣
˲С£ûôʽлɺ֪ʣȻֱӸҿ˱㵨󣬲Ұˣ
˱裬ݸ˵ҲֻǸ㿴ƽʱﲻ˽
лɴᵽһ˼Ҳǳ
˼Ӻ󣬹˵æɣһȥ˯ˣҪǡ
û뵽ģ˵ȥ˯ɣǱ㣬Ҿڸڡ
лɻͷǹֵĿһֲۣСӣҪ/˯
ţŹϣŮڴ󴲱ߵĺϣлɴȥ˯ɣһ˾С
ŮԥĿлɣɾԼ˵
ŮԺȷʵ̫մˣҲϨƣڴϣΪ˵ط˯ţһε

ö࣬ѾȥˣŮ緹˽˵ɾ³ȥˣӵǵȲǲ
лɲ⣺û£ҹƵȲˡ
ؼңºɵʣȥˣ
Ͼδ飬ҹޡǴ¡
˵һ·Ȼȥù￴ѡ
һȥѣ̲
лɻɫ·Ҫȥ޼ң·Сݣ˼񾮷СϲСʳ

˴޼ңлһЦ˵ͷߣҲȣǸСӣƫƫϲȵԲۡ
лЦ˵߶㡣
лϻ˵Ҵǰܰڸ˻졣
лûдлxϢҺл˵ʵ˵Ϊùðɡ

лϺˬЦ˵ԣлҵ˶Ǻˬȸȸūʱ޵½ңԲˡ
лĺգ룬Ҷ㣬¾ҽˡ
ѻڸѧãлɿʱ䣺Ҫǣѡ
лЦ˵Ը񼫺ãö˳Ҽϲ

лɺл˵ţ˽˵ʳڻԣ˵пˡ
лüЦ˵϶ɵľ˼ˣ¬ҰԲ͵ˣġɩθøˡ
лʣʼˣ
лϣ֮ãԸãҲĪҪ⹦ɳ˹û
лɾȵ룬ڵĿڱôˣ
ǲ
лкߣȥ¬ҰԲúɩ
лѣҾͲȥˣȥɣҵȵȰѡʱҪȥ

лˬ첻ղö⣬Ҳֻ˵ȵңȥϲɩһͻ
лһߣžˣʣôû˵
лʣ˵Բˣ
ôԲˣҾĸĸס̫̫
лɲö׷˽£ֻ˵ѣҪǡ
ǵȻǡ






29.  ʮ   

лǸϲ̫, ֻҪ˵Ͳᡣ
ѻ󿴼ȫǾϲôòѧ, ץ첲ʣ, ܻؼ𣿡
лͻȻͿ۾ľźڴ, С̶Ⱥܸߡ
ԥƬ, ʣҪӸ٣ѧҵ¡
лһԻؼ, ˻, ֤ҴŹΣµġ
ó, лɻǹ˵ȥʰıī, ͷȥ٣˵Ұ¡
лһƵľˡ

̫ˡ
лɿſ, ˵СѧĶǼѧУΪҰ趼عûʱչҡҴŶּľݼؼҵĸо
οҰѰһɵķӡ
лɾܾѧ, Ҷ, СӲȺ̫, ҪԺȥ飬Ҫ罻
˵Ǹǳļҳ
ܶʱûôȷԭ
лɻͷ˵:ⲻ˵ǲ, ԸԤٶ඼ûá츳һ㣬ܲһӶչҪңڻԺ飬ͬ顣

û뵽ô, ׯϣ³æ˵Ҫ˵ѾˡҪҪ
лɱллЦ˵³һˡ
³ЦɱлѣлѻĴС
лɼæŻȥʣ㲻æˣ
һҪȥ
¬ȷʵڴ̽ˡ

лҲߵ¾ȥɣҶʱ䲻ǡ
˿˵ǲʧ䣬̾ҡȱǮҲǵú˵
л̲סЦֱҼõͶˡ
ЦЦûӻ
û˼Ҳֱӵơеʱ䣬ż

ߴлɻֲĺ̴Ѿʢʱˡʵҿ磬԰Աߵʼ硣һ˵ޣֻһһĲ䡣
Ӵݼ¼һ˲ɵģֻܼ򻯡

ɨ꣬лɴŲñһ綼ɹͨ죬ʱ£Ӷֳ³ʹĿջϵ¡

ȰлץĹ߾˵õȵңøִֻ
лһֱлһ㡣³׼³򸾽ȸūʱˣҲϰˣ³ҲȷʵСҲаˡ

Ҳʲôػʱ硣
ԴӿʼЩСº˰׾˺ܶ࣬һ͵ĻѪк
лվһ߿ʣջǱ𣿡
ͷ˵ڿջû磬ջܹһֱڡ
лɿͷ˵ʰ˿ͷȥù˵һ˵˷䣬̫ȵĻ

ʣȥлù˵׼ҽ˳Щõĺͳʳ
лοĿܸɣȻиӣһˡ

վʣʲô
лɣ࣬ϡ
Ц˵ĳ׿ƫƫԼԵļ򵥡
ʱⳤлɿ̫ͻȻ˵ҽʳԵģ˵׼ùûܳԡ
˱󣬳˵һ⡣
лɾÿǺóԣʣ𣿡
Ц˵ջУðȥ򡣡
лЦ˵Ҫæȥɣǿȥء

ȥлʣջԿ𣿡
ǵᣬȸūӦЩ
лɲ˵׼ʳ׼һЩ

ڣջջԱһҾһҳСлվſſڵĻʣλ
лʣƹ𣿡
ƽţڴãϲʣл㣿
ǸС

лʣֻһڣ
𣺡үȥˣ常
лʣ⣬ﾭ𣿡
Ц˵Ҳȡģ
лɸ¥ݺĺţԺԺܿԶĴӣָָԶһŷӣ˵ģҸȥȣ١
лɸԺӣһϰԺӵľߣģ㰢ү𣿡
𣺡ûУүնزл⣬𣿡

У⼸ⶼûгȥ
лɸ䣬һ˲ˬҿ񱻣ڿǽĴлɲſȻȫǱ
еݳˡ

⻹ġ
Ƭ̣˵Ҫţ⡣ＹҲ
˼٣Ťͷ⿴һۡ
ʣôԣ
лɶ㵽ʱԳ
֪ջűƣˬ˵ۣȥ㡣

лʹһ·Ϻ棬ʣл㣬ǧϣǲǼҵģ
лЦ𣺡ԡ
ʣ常аү³˼ţ常ˡ
лЦ˵Ȼһš
Ͻ˵Ҳ˼
лɲЩĹ϶ǽˣ۵£ġ
ڼϣ

ʣǴ˶𣿡
𣺡˲٣ʮү˵꾰ùЩˡ
лʣЩʲô
ӡסġֻ֮Ҫ꾰ԹĲ
лɴִּһ£һ֮ڣ꾰ܱãҪꡣ
ʣЩʲô

л˵ʲôֵġ
˵˶ֵ֪ΪҶ˵̣ء
лЦЦ𣿡
𣺡Ұүȥĵ˵Ǹиǵˡ
лĶƹеˡ
ʣ㰢үô˵ģ
²˵ү˵һ֪㾫ͨũ£֪ĳǧĹֳģһ㶼ȡ

лп˵жȣġ

ȥѾ׼Ĳˣʱ䣬³ʱտףָЩ³ЩС졣
ЦŹǹʳҪԵôϸ
л˵׻³ǶȻҪ
Ц˵
˺Ļֱ׵Ŀˣֱ׵
ʲô³׼£ֻҪ³򸾶ֹԲˬ

ȵŹǣ׼һǴŹǡ
³ʱ仹û棬ڳ￴ŹˮʣԼ
лŹǣĲֻ࣬ʱ˲Ż
е㱻ˣ˵Ǽҵˡź˵ġ

ϰˣæֻʣҪʱ𣿡
лɴ˵ȥܺóԡ
ͼǣɫŹ¹ϣζϽϺɢ˵ζ
һлɵķ̽ŹŹǣζŨ
ûмĸо

ŹǷİ죬ˮϹǣʣʲôˣ
лЦ˵ǼûôأȻ˷ٻȥ
Ǹ󷽵ĹŤЦ˵ڸߣҶˡ
ϴ˺ϣлϲĻƹϣǻƹϵǰڵĻƹϲϹǿġ
ĻƹϺܼ򵥣һ裬³
³ڳѵȸūĪҪյڳ
лҫҽ˵²ˣѺСͯȥ棬ӦҲˡ
лǸʺµĺӣֻҪڽ⣬ͿСԣ۵յķ档
û뵽ȰһĻд
лɵŹǳǸʢһطȥˡ
æһ죬˿̼Ų˽ͻȻͱˡ






30.  ʮ   


лɼ㶵, ʣһôڣ𣿡
˵ֻĿں, ش
лرô, Ǻá
Ϊ, лɽ, ȳԣȥдһСѡ
Է˶ǴŹһº, ֱ޲ڡ
ѷĻ, Եͣ˳ָ, Ҳ˳, Ť졣СһеһֵҳĴ

ʣ˽ʲô
Ͼǿջ, ̫ɫҪˡ
лɣǴŹǣϲͶԵ㡣
տԷˣϽȥ, ںѾ˯ˡ
лɿ̾, վڴǰĿ, Ҳѡ
˯ĺǳʱʵ, ۣЦʣ㿴ʲôأ
лüʣǲʲôˣ

۾˵û£Щķ
лɰŵѣϾ, ֻ˵һġһͬĺ޵Ρ
ƽʱԿ̱Ƣʼĺ壺ȳԺ÷ɣҽǴŹǲ
Ļŭţȴ˿ԣʣˣ

л棬˵ջһСͦõģȥһջϰʶǶҵĵǸˡ
˵Ҫֻġ
лɿЦ˵ڻơұľǻũ£ҪǵֺߣȻҪַũǡ
֪־˵ʵôˣ
лرĵ˵ԣ۲죬Ⱥ̫Ӵˣһ˲ɣʱҪ³æ߲Ҳ޵ġұôϣ
οһɶǴ󹦵£ҲũҵҲ֪ǼǧĴ¡ֻʣµ½ҡ
˺ͺʱرĺг

ո¬ԺĲ£⼸¬Һĸ̽ʻڣ¬Ǹ͵Ը񣬵ͷ
ڶȥ̫̫̫̫һڻؾ¬Ľ顣
ϱ˶סˡ
ʱ¬ϣ̫̫ƽȵӣ֮ˣѾˣǶΪ󲮣Ҳŷ֣˭񡣡
̫̫ڷ԰ɢ˵⹦»һڡǼҵĺӹ»ԷȥƴҾ׬Щʹǣ޼ҵӣһأ޼ӵ̰ܲƣ׬Ǯ£ҡ

̫̫߬ԽԽζû˵
żǴͳͥˣûСѧգڵҡ뷨
̫̫˵¬ҵ£ʺ㡣
Ц̫̫˵룬Ҫ㸸
޳̶аţ̫̫ţЦ˵״һʱӦ
̫̫ȴ˵Ī㸸ôǲ㡣
ֻһδ޳̣һ¼ϼ쵼ƵģǱټġûе
һ˵ʱ䣬ҴŻһ˺ʱ͸ϸ˵ɡ

̫̫Ц˵Ŷԣ㸸СԸأ޼һϣĸ
Щֻ˵ĸ
̫̫Ҳٶ˵

ȥ¬ѵõίĿˣߵ֪¬ڼѵҪ˱ϢҸ磬ԲСµ¡̫̫뷴𣿡
˵ĸĪĸû˼

ԭиõİ취ˣԲһ£Ǵ˿̣̻ǳ嶯ˣһԸԼʹ죬˵ĸףҺͰԲȷʵʣԲңǻ
¬ϾȵĿ
ŵԲǼңһע޶ŮĸĪ˰ԲСⱲӿԲġⱲӶҵСãޣҶᱸױޡ

¬һʱĻˣζģʣ֮Ϊʲô˵ΪʲôʲôϺ˵ȥѰѰõĴ򡣡
˵žͿʼޣ첲ڶ
ᣬᣬοЦ˵ĸףʱУĪҪǿҲ̰ģĸҲðԹ
¬ϼϢˡ
ԺеŮֻ廪ˡ֤ġ

̬̹̹ްɫҲģ¬ϾȻסˡ
¬˯һصԼԺ廪鷿鷿ﶼǴǰĶһŲ
˿̾Ȥ廪ĿףʹԼǰıī
ǰĴĲɲҲƯǱδĽֻǿϧδʾˡ

Щźĺ廪˵ʰ˺ұݺҪȥ¬һˡ
廪⼸걻ѵļרҵѾǰҵ¡ߵ´ҲǸˡ
ԺѾ߲ͬ廪ˮƽѾкܴˡ
廪ʣʲô𣿡
£Բ׼һݳʳİվ׼
˵ֻͷ䣺ĸ׵ķĸҲ׼һݡ

Լȥ¬Ҵ£ģ⼸üˣҲˣ˵һǧ˰˰ٵʽŲԾ󻼡
¬ָڼңź󣬾ĸ¬дбǸ̬ȸ⹧˳ԲСԵݸĸ˵ϴδӦԲġ
ĸ˵ϹҲסӹԹǲܹŰԲѾСˡ
Ц˵Ͱһ

¬⻰Щ̫ԾһʱҲû룬Ц˵˾˾鷿㡣
Ǹĸһȥ鷿
̸۵Ĺ̺ܼ򵥣ôҪķʽף¬ֳ𾪣ް취¬ͬ
⣬ֻע¬֣λ׼ˣǷ⽨׼ĸȨӵߣҪ
¬ֺܾöû˵
˵ԲޣһͰһױֻҪҪҡұػػ˾ǲģҿġ
¬Ȼķ֣į˵֮㽫ںεأ岻ã
һԼȣԲഺ٣ȡ
̬ȼ֣Ҳ¬ҸѾĥû˸ֹͽȻĽ
뿪¬ҵʱûм¬ϡ
¬ţչңվһۣЦ˵Ϊʲô
¬ұһƬţ¬ϵ𾪲¬٣ʵҺˣϢ֪ǸΪŮԲĻΪ¬ġ
ֻаԲ֪ζ˴ĵĺ죬ĸףʲôʱȥùãϴ˵ҿȥȡϡ
¬ĵϰ£Ůʼûг󡣶֪Լûˡ

˴޼ң¬ѾˣϾŮˣĻӳ
벻ĸײҪܵù˳ĸ׿ɾס
¬Ϻ˵ƫƫҵļ֮Ҫܿѡ
˵ҽԵ˿ִ࣬ĸǱôֿ
¬ֻ࣬˵쵶նѾĲˣ˵ʵ˾ҲѾ֪ˣĪҪҵ˰ԲԲСǲҪ
¬Ͽ޹ǿ˵տʼҰѷŮ澷ߡĪҪƴǣЩʱ䣬ҵ򡣡
ϻͨ⼸꣬ʶĭЩŮС²ֵһᣬȹЩʱգҪһˡܵкűǣִЩԵԵ
簲ŵ¬ò⣬һͨŵװס
Ϻʹɫ·𲻹ǼѰ£¬Щϣ

⼸õ̶ϵطΣϢ
޳һ㶼˽£ںɵս
ΣҶҪԽɽȥͻʵĮȥ
ѾظݣŽӦΡ
Щա
֤һʧʼյġ

һգڴ޼Һ¬תȦȰŵ
̶ѾﶫվܵﳤһǣԶԶĿ½ҵǰû뵽һ·½ҵһ·ֱлɵׯ




31.  ʮһ   ˻

½½֮, ԺʱԺﾲĵġ
ûˣͶ, кˣڵ
ʣ½أ
Ŷ, ˵˵½, Ҳȥ, ˵̰㡣

˼ţ˵, ֱ, ʣ㰢ʲôˣ
˵Ѿֺ, , ȥ￴ˡ⼸ճðͷˡ˵ʱӦ;
϶Ц⣬ԶԶŲñվ﹡ָԶ, ߵ½֮һѻĳվࡣ

ⲽȥлͷһɲǶЦ, ʣ㲻˵⼸æ𣿡
, ֻ˵ûʲôˡ
лҲ, Ťͷ½֮˵ûʲôɹҺѸɿĳŵҽȥׯũ, κһ˱ҵľ鶼ḻ

½֮ǫѷ˵ȸūǫѷұҲ˽һʣǹ֮ð
лһֱͼһˣ̫СˣֻСлɴһ꣬Ҳʮഺꡣ
Ѿޱĸĵ, رߵܿ޷Ƕʶ˵Ҳ˵
Ҫ˰Ͳ˻Ժ󣬲˵

½֮ǲƵģһֱתͷ֮ǰĳʫȤʢУѧˡʫᣬʫơķʢл
СҲŮʫʶǹί񣬳ʫһϺڳʢ
ǰΪ¹㵱¼Ůǰ㡣

Ǻ֪лŮлһ̼֣ʼձӡ
ȫǺ棬ӽ塣
ûһŮһ㡣

ҿ϶Ĳѧ֮ϣƲϲʫŪʵĸӵܣҲƲЩĿͷʫϭĿʷī游̾硣
һׯֵһʵˮͳ˽ĳǧĽλ
ˣжɣȫŮݵľֱһ

лɲܵ˼ѾôˣԸ䣺ȥ񡣲³
Ťͷ½֮˵Һ½Ҹλʰʱһȥ
½֮һˣ游һ䣬ƫƫͰͰ͵ˡ

ڵֿӣսĵֲ׳Ҳл˵꣬Żͷ½֮û뵽½֮Ҳڿ
½֮ʣǾ㡣
ǧϵѰģҪЧֵͲס
ֲֻлɣֻ˵ֵ½֮޻˵
л˵һ籾֣˪ھô¶ҪߡµֻǼѰҡ
Ѱ٣꾰
Ӵǰĸ֪ӢѾ³˻㣬ũˣһϴľˡ

лɼĶ﹡߼鵾;ЩЦ
Ķܿ죬׼ЩϺӦˮ
Ǵ﹡ϻѾ׼׵лٲȻһл͵ļơ

½֮Ӹ󣬽лɿ˵Ҽҳڣգһҹùһȥġ
½̫̫٣Ȼ
½֮ĿȸūܵҲ̫ҵʱڼҹȸū
л·ڣ½֮ǰŵȸū½֮ԼŵˣлΣҶԼ
лİ̾㻻˰ɣ㣬нġ

ϴЦ²ۡ½֮һ˶ߣԺϣŰ⡣
̫ѾƣԺȦﴫµʲôƵġ

Ҳʣ䱻ƭԺ׼BBQ״һ¯վߵΣ˵¡
лɿһۣʣôˣôо㲢æ
˵ο̫ҵˡ

佾˵үҲϲ
лɺͰȦʱҪڶлЩֱҵȼü֮
ֻǰ䣬лɵʵӵߣлôԸô

ʣʲôˣôã
лɿ˵ܵ˵Ҳ԰Ρ
ҪЦЦͷտգЦ˵ζȷʵ档
лһƣҲ㣬Ťͷ۾˵᲻õܵ𣿡

лɻ̫רעֻרעĿлûɵ顣
˵Ȼ᲻ãǵĺֲͣǲ֪ϵжɹ󡣡
Ц񶼲뿪Ķʣжɹ󣿡
лɾе飬Ȼ˵ԼЩһۣˡ
һֱôЦ
л̲סЦˡ
ǵôֲ֧

лɳ˼Ƭ̣˵ഺںӵºѰգҪǿӲף᲻Կ½֮ƷӦò
ʣô֪Ʒ
лҲ˵־Ǻе㼱ˣҵֱ
˹˵ֻкһŴϣ֪Ʒ״ĶǼٵġ

л룬Ťͷһ֡ȻǸСԵ˵ȻۺУǲò˵ȷʵͦеġ
ŤͷЦʣҪҪԣ
лû֮ǰŭǲ
Ӷ㿪ı
һԵİ䱻һ
ˬʵĴЦֻֻըëè
лɲ˼Ҳôһ˲£Ŀһۣתسȥˡ

䲻Цʹ˵Ըʵͦõģƽʱ
Ů˳
Ц˵֪
лɲûᵽ⣬ֻˣȻϷˡڳﳢ˿ըС⣬ֳսʣ㵱治ȢԲ
Ȣ¶ѾˡԲԺá
лû뵽ôѸ٣ȵʣô죿

һסϣЦ˵㲻ɵܵҾ½֮ȷʵտţҰôҪҲԸͷļ˰ɡ
лɰѸղҪӮ˼ŵһˣϿʣ˵ַϻָ·ɣվ½̫̫磬Ȼȥܲס

룬˵ȵȣ֮ǰҪ룬֮Ļˡ
лݵ˵ԺǸˣҪڱġϳҳ⡣
˵ĵȣȵǳ¼ңûϵ
лɣֻҪ׾УҪȥǮϾ½ҵծܲлϣҲ̫ѿġ
ЦĻͦ
лžһţЦԣ
۵㿪

л˵̫鷳ˣǵķֲһ⿰ҵϵѣͥһгͻùĿ϶ҡҪǼ򵥵ķ־ͺˡ
ʣҪǼ򵥵ķ֣ô
л˵ҪʲôоݵĲʣ󷽷ԶٷɢˣҪȣ¿Ρ

˵ʣǮ˷֣ѵ
˵Ǯ˶û󷽣ȻܺͺԷַ
лɣҲûзֹ˵ַ
Ц˵̸Ĳ





32.  ʮ   

лЩ˵, ֻһѣȥ˹⡣
ģüʣ÷
лɿŻѳ, ˵ǰ, Сͱ, ҲôŬ, Ҳ׷ѧĳõꡣעǻڱ˵Ľ
ףǲ, ֻİѰһ, ٷָˡ

ʣ𣿡
лɺЦЦ˵ˣһȥμĻˡѧϰҡ˺ܺáǸܺá
˵ͷ˵أİһ𣿡
Ц, ǻƵ, ЩȥоЩңԶˣͻȻ, ڴǰﾹȻһ˿ƽûˡ
Уϧʲɢˡ

лҲ׷, ֻ˵ϧҾ˻
ЦллҵĿ϶
лɴ󷽵˵, į, ʲô벻ĵطԺ˵˵ȻǸ, ᲻ǵĸܣܹһġ
˵ӦУû⡣

лɳ˿תͷ˵ȥ½ң׼ʲô񣿡
ڴӦһȥʲôʺ͸˵
лͻȻһֹⲻȥʣ˵е㲻˼, ̰㶫ֱ׳ˡ
Ű俾⣬˵Ҳ׳԰׺ȣùⲻȥͱֲһ
лɶſžЦˬЦҲԣׯ赽ڴǻǮҵнˮҲӦ㷢ҡ

˵Ǯ£ֻ½ҵ²̫ǣʱùȥʱ˵µҡоֵ£Ҳýǣս£ϵ˶֪ݺ͸һءƽ˾Ҳôơ
лɻͷʣôΣ𣿡
ҡͷֻܾܱˣ㣬ܵ㱻½Һˣ̫ͣսŵ
лʣͲµ𣿡

Ц˵ںСģɱֹһΡǸʱҶսСⲻ磬ľǱԼÿһ˶ҪзģҪʱ򣬶ҲҪз𣿡
лȴĺŵҶ䱸ġͬĽʶͬ硣ֻҪεѡθû
οԴʲôû˵
лɾȻҲûʲôͻأȴ³ˡ

ҪȥտӶǣл˵ôտտȥȻԷ

šʱ￴ʵ¼š
һ㶼ܻлɣһ󣬿Ƭ̣Щź˵ݵϢ㸸ڹݱ֮ǰѾ뿪ݣݷȥˣȥڻĿǰûϢϢͱȽˡ

лɾȵĿκ˵ٵȵϢɡ
򿪵ڶţ˰Σʲôû˵лɿҲ˵
ȫ꣬˵գҪȥһˣҰʲô£ͷԸȥ
лɾܾʲô£㻹Ǵɡ

˵еˣ廪ҶԸˣҪǮȥʷĿջȥáʲô²Ҫͷȥùá½ҵ£ż
лɱ˵Щţһһ
ûôҽôࣿ
Цһ˫üչˣЦ˵˱˵ĵϡͿ޽½ȥ
лɰһۣҲЦ

ҪԼ̶ӱϣɽȥԭͻڲȥ۲Ρ׬ǵϵǮȴҲϵź˵Ǯȱս֪¡
ʱǼת˲ŵ顣
סˣ˵û£ȥԺ󣬰ĺٸѰһЩʵӡ
лЦ˵ǻѰҪĻҪϲԼ̸ֻͿԡֻҪƽͬʱʮ̸Ҳ˵ġ
Цÿ
ʰţ˵Ҫȥʰסˡ
лͻȻһָоһס·ǼȻ顣

һֱäĿľãһġ˿̲ʶմޣǴ޼ˡ
ллˡ
Ǻ޸ϵ
ͻȻ;ЩãȻ

֪αϺգҲ˵ʲô־壬ֻǾΪ
ʷĺֻǸͨˣһź۵ĳɳǴǰ
Ϸһߵ֪գȥһĲƸ
ﻹȥɱ¾ıԵشȥһЩˡ
˴޼ң˴޳̵ĶӣԵ֣޼һŵעͺǷֲġ

Ҫ˵Ѫԣ̸ϣǳĹӣǰ϶
ıñ켣߿͵̰̶Ǵֱ򵥵ԸţǶɹƷʣһ˵ɡ

ǰ߳ȥͻȻۻӵлɣ˵лɣûл͵һȥˡȥҵǮˡ
лɱܵķҰҶ¡
Цȷʵ̫ң͵ҵӰɡ

лɱ˵ûɵĿֻţҪˣ㲻ҪȥҪȥӢۡ
ǶǷˣǸ˽ˡ
ſЦ˵ȥģʲôӢۡȥɣҵϢ

ȴߺԺվ˺ܾã³ڸڿⷿľʣôҪȥ
³ʣƯ𣿡
³ߣӣŹߣЦ˵С뿪ˣ뿪̫ˣЩǲˡ
˵꿴лʣȥˣ
лɣû˵̫ƽҲȥ˰ɡ
³üʣʲôʱ£

лһʱûס˵©죬³ֻʵʵ˵ˣһֱд׵Ϣͻǿ˹ݳǣһֶ˹ݳǡûи׵ϢԸܴϢ
³˵ϸΪ棬ʣҪȥһˡ

лɵܾǶˣҵҲˡ¶࣬ѾڰҴϢˣ꣬Ӧ֪ôսҡڼﲻҡ
³˿ⷿڵֿʼľͷл࣬ʣǰҵ𣿡
³ٱ˵ҵģֹǺ
лʣ°ʮ𣿡
³ȴ˵⼸ͣǰɾӸݷвͻᱻϴһաޣʱسǵıٹ̿͡ǶǰЩˡŸ̫ƽˡ
лëȻʣǸףôô⣿
³Ц˵ɾƣںЩݳı󶼵ùľƣһҰǺˬ顣
лԵ˵Ը̫ܳƽʱȥһˣһûмʶŹɳľ󡣡

³ຮҲ
лɾıȿľ³̽ʣûף
лɣûС
³ʣɿǺ˵ʲô
лֵĴ𣺡˵ʲô
³òѣȸū½ҵ£ʲô뷨

лɼ³˳ʣ³ãҺ½ҵº𣿡
³Ȼ˵Ǻʵģ½ȢȸūҲĸ
лЦʵ˵ȴ޽½ȥ
³ĿǲʣΪΣ
лɣ壬˳ԡͲԸܴסġʵɵֺ֣ܶǶ벻ĶΨסլƷ廨

³޻˵ĬƬ̣ʣȸū˻棿
л˵Ȼ棬ұ־£Ҳ½ҡ
³ʣȸūɣ
лһּʣ˵ʲô




33.  ʮ   

лɲŵƬ, ɵ³ҿ
³˵Ǹֱֱȥ׳, ȸ˵סֻ֪лɲͨıݡ

лϸϸ˼˺ܾʹദĹ, Щ⡣
ȷʵԴЩֱ̫׳ˡʶ
, Һʹ, 顣硣
³ȴ˵ɶȸūǰ, δ䡣

лֵס, ô룬Ҳһˡ
Լ, ڻǲһˡ

Ȼ³˵, ˯ɣҲȥ˯ˡ
ڱ, ʼʹʶĹ̡

ϲϴʲô, ̫ˡ
ô˼˯ˡ
µ, , ߣĿתĶ, ʣĲϲ
л˯бԼֻ𾪡
ɣѲԴ˼˵˼

ҹĳ˷ķҵ˯ţֻõ˵, ǰַ飬ǴģǸֵˣСʣƫƫǵ¾
ʱгյĺ꾡

һͱ¼ǰǮֵģҲ֪ĸѧôеķң˵ͬķ˸顣
⻷Ǻ׻ġ

Ȼ룬ưܵѵľأҪƶʶЩա
һ룬ʶ֪˺ܶǰ֪ĶһȫµӽǡоҲ
ȥͬ˿ͷݶһǻع飬Ѹȷһߡ
ʸдһš

ҲؾȣǴҴææûʱϸ˵ºҲ´ȥգ֪Ϊ壬䳣㣬Ϊ˼֪ȷʵǾӡӣͼѪ֮
ϣֻˣʱĹɣܸıģҲǵ¡
ʷûӵùȥҲһ
ֵ£ѰãѰҲνزҪաս£Ҳʱɱ¾Ѫȵĺԡ
ףֻϣܰȵĻȥǸСעܺҵһһ빦»ƽƣҲ⡣
ϣ㲻Ҫȥҿ㣬Ƹԡ
СʷĿȾ˲ܿĶɰ
Ҳһͬ飬ĺȣллĹػҲص
ǻһ
ʱ䣬˸ݸһš

϶д˴ҹд̫ܣҲ̫衣Ŀİģذ¶ҰѵȫдȥҲֱ̫׳
Ů˼ϸ
֮ðȥš
䲻֪Եɣʣ粻ÿ춼𣿡
лɱסˣ̫˵Ҳǣÿ춼ɡ
ֱ˾֮ģ·˽֪

ҹȴ̶ӵĲҶһѾ׼׵ԼҾѾá
¬ϴУ¬ʱΪ˶ˣһͦΣʡ
¬˵Ͳȥ㸸տһ𣿷Ҫһˡ
ЦŰο׾æʱЩĸײǡܵҶˡȱǮ廪˾һҲԣѽ廪Բǰܻĸ׾ʹתԲҲҶԾ˼ҵľ⡣
¬Խϸġ

ҲͣϽ˵ҵʱĸױţҪȥĸС
¬ʵĿԺӣ̫̫ϢҪȥѾ׵֣᲻õ˵֮Ҫ𣿡
̫̫𾴣˵ǣճĸлף
̫̫΢΢Ц˵ûʲô֮л㸸׶̸̸
Ҳ˳Ĵ𣺡Ǹú͸̸̸

̫̫ǰ½ϣ㸸׵ĻĪҪðգǮƸֵȥðաǴ޼ҵĶɣǹѪ  öɡ
Ц𣺡֪

ֱǰյлɵţʱ˵˴ȥ⿴أ˵㻰
ţ˵˵ؾڽ⣬մŻȥ⣬ȥȥѰһֻ˹èô
øޣҲҪ˹èҲȥ
ŮƵıŴһ·¬ϵԺӣ¬ϼſڴϣ̾Цûˡ
ܾ˵ĸױŶȥĸ׾һȥҴӦȥ⣬ˡ
ŮҲʲôСպһܿһ졣
СϲΪ˵硣
¬ڴӦУ֪ˣ硣
Ӳ֡

¬ϣԺӺ󣬲лɵţſţ鲻ԽЦ
廪飬š
鷿ŵ˾䣺ǳ˲֪

ţװǰ
廪ԸտʼȥʷֵҪ֣ʹȥлңлʲô£ʱϢ
廪˵֪ˡ

ʱ鶼ǳãѺ̶ӵʦǺľຮάϵ˸ŴϵЩ궼Ѿϰˡ
洺磬γЦʣɾҪȢ¸𣿡
ͷһЦȢ¸ʲô˼
漸壺ӴȢ¸û˼ˣ
أʧЦͣҲǵĵ٩ֻЦԼġ

ռƻݣݵؽ磬⾯裬ԸҹǶȥЪϢտʼֵأ򲻿вأ𣿡
γһ̺ۣȻɾģţɾȥ˯
ָӣƻڳͣϢգʱˣţֻЪϢȽݣɰߣҪݶա
γϵ̶ӵӡ
ķԸԹ¥ȥˡ
һڴöԿڵķ䣬һƣһյƣͳţ濴˱飬Цš

лΪź󣬴ţ֪վˣûüʧлϴһ˺ƺƵˡ
л˻տ磬³Ӷڸˮȸū̫̫ˡ
лһץŲñһ˲Ц˵ҾͲˡ
ϵ˵ȥϣȻͻȻȥǰٺá

ȥлϵûж꣬һ˵ĺ̴򣬴ŲñŹϣȸū
л۵ĸ첲ᣬϵݸ˵ùÿ÷ˣ
лϴſԺӣĸпȸū޽Ư
һŻݣлɸġ

лЦ˵ùòȤͺá
лϸķ䣬ϻǴ򿪵飬īδлϺʣȸūĵʲôأ
л·˼ׯڣûʲôرģùþ𣿹ȥԵˮ
лϻһۣȸūķȷʵ¡
û˵ʵʵǼª

лҲں˵߰ɣùСˡ
ԺĴʹӨӨСŰȥˣЦ




34.  ʮ   Ͼ

лϴǰׯ, ʱǼӣԶû
佫ΰᵽ£Ա߷Ű, ݺò, л˵, ȥֻѼ, ˳ԡ
лľȣ۰, лˬֻ, 
Ц³Ը, , кСҪƯë𣿡
ʹӨӨҿɱл󲻳, лȴѾǸƤˣŰܽܳ

лɿŰ䶺ЦɫëŸ, ɱǱҪ, ֪𣿡
лѱ֤, ȥë档
лЦͣ

ɻһ䣬ÿ, Ѿʰ׵ˣлɺлµϿСӣлɸпã²͡
лŤͷоɫʣȸū࣬ȱǮ
лɹϵȱ, ҽ˴ı׵ծˡǿ;ú档
лϸпȸū˰ֳ֣Ը³ֱһЩ
л֪лxЦЦӻ

лϿŻʣ֮Ļݣ
лɽܣǣ˳ģϲЩ߼ꡣ
л˵֮ȸūȷʵͬ
л˵ȻͬĵùԵ֣Ǹ벻

лϼЦЦ˵ʣȸū½𣿡
лϣʣǹùþ½𣿡
л˵ǸԸŮʱڸлxΪлxЩҰﲢϲŹŮף˵ȸūǲϲ˾ˣȰֻҺ˵
лʣ׵ͬ⣿ǿ½ҡ
лϼ棬Ժ˵ǣֱͲȨԸԸѣǼȸūܸɣԺġ
лЦǾٺòˡ

źɫŹëôӨӨлվ߶ɱḶ́Сﱻŵ
Сëӣֽ䣬ӲһӾͺˣСԺ֣ȫȻûиŴľн

лɸпСӻֲſɰƤһСӡ
лЦ˵ͼֱ֮һȫҵĺӶճǼյĲߡȫȻûֳϡ
лпϵ˵Ƣĺá
˵Цҽá

лϸпɩҲףǰλɩȥ˺޽֮ʱǵ壬ѳֳ겻ڣ֮ĸˣһˬĽ
лɲ޼ҵ£̽ʣĸףϲ𣿡
лϸпЦϵ£Ƿ󵽵ģԷأµӣߣԼġ
лüδȥ
лϴЦ˵ǸӣѪšигġ
лȴκг̣ԸʵִͦģǺʹ޳ʲôĵطδػò
ǳˣԴ޳ûиӹϵҲﾴη
һ룬еżˡ
лµӣŲߣеƷͻ
еĿлɵ˵ɾӦûϲ
лȫһɰζ

³ʱлɻСը˼ţźֱСѵ԰
СһҲͷˣżЦЦ֡
лϵǲ³һһڳԷСﻶֻЦ˵ȻȥҰĶղˡɩ϶Ҫʵġ

Ťͷ˵ӦҴģл˵һá
лɺЦʣ˵ˣ
żţסˣ˼˵˵ܺúܺá
лһֱЦûΪ
Сһһ֭
лѳԵͣ磺Ұõİ㡣
ӨӨһ죬ˣ磺Ҳõĸ硣
Сһ뻹ѣһͳˡ
Ĵ˶Ц

СԵֲ֧˴ŶֶȤζϲͶιСлϸпڼĸţľҰˡ
лɳը³۵ӵ
³絾ǳģȷո˪Ӱճɡ

лԤʱʱ򣬺ʵ˵һ֣⣬ܳոʱͰҲˡ
³ʣô죿
лֵزΪ֣Ҫôʳûãֻ˵һĶˣ㿴ЧճǲǶˡӽһĶҪܿЧ
³飺Ǿһգȥ¾ա
лʱյĻ켣˶еæͿˣο³ȻַӰׯ˵ơӶһҪʣµ˵

лʣ˵ȸūһغɡ
лɣҶѾˣðͷȥ
ܿ޷ѾаˣһǼĶܿ޷һҫ۵ľɫ
лϳ˿ըˬڣЦ˵ȸūڳô˼

лӻ˵ܰо³ʳԼθȴá
лڳӵͣЩƫݣټһװһľ˿СӵĽᡣ
ڵϣһ֧°ϣЦ˵ͲǸСӣҰϰ߲žڡ
ʣл㣬˹è˵Ѱһֻ˹è
лһ봿ֲ˹èļ۸²۴ûԭļҳ
˹èǳƯѩѩ׵۾
һŮһֻèҲ䲻ʲôĲ

СӨӨлϣһֻèĲ˹èòã
лЦ˵аȻȥ͸һֻ

ڶ찢򲼣ʱͱֻèС
лһȥˮźҶѾˣǺܺʵ⼸ڶӶڸ׷ʡɵһ飬һЩлʵҪȶʱо

³ˮˮźһƬ̣Ц˵ⳤõ졣
л֪³᲻ˮֻͣҪµأ³͸
ӹźƬ̣Ц˵泤ÿ죬ӳˣźۺȡѰЩӣʱׯϾʲôˡ
³Ц˵ȸū֣컯
лժƬҶͷϣ˵ԸɣҪһҲ
³ȴͬȰչࡣ
лͻȻʣ³ҸǸʲôˣֳأ
³壬ٱ˷лxʱ£˴򵽰лxؽ֮һֱлxߡ
лxǸֵˣûһףǷûһ˵Ծ
лxһ˶дˡ

лɼĬΪʹÿ˵յͷܶ
³ȷ˵㼫㸸ףҵô⣬·𿴵
лɲŵĿͻȻһ뷨лxǺһɡ




35.  ʮ   

лɱԼ뷨һԼ̫С, Щеûġ
³ʣ¸Ҫȥ½𣿡

лɇ˵ȥͣ½ĸ٣ȥף, ƴǲá
³Ųϸ, ֻ˵ȸūȥ, صǡ
лɳˮ, ڳرߵʯϴţ˵ʲôǵ, ҵǵ˶ں, ½ҵ£Լȥġ
³̾, Ҳ޿κΡ

峿ȥ, СŸ˯ֻè, СܲͷΧèк漫ˣߴߴ˵ͣ
糿ȥϺ⣬лɸһŵ, ȫԵõġ
лϴ, ͼлɺ³Ѿ, һ̴ͦεС, ŮӵҲûСӵԾ֮ٲȻǸСɾлϵԺԿ
лɶлϵĵǺ֪顣

лָһֻèʹӨӨ˵ǽֻһֻһֻǽġ
лɻϴ֣С㰢ģǵ, Ų
лϼЦȫǺˬУߵȸūȻ
лϴָ˷䣬ķż죬Ѿõʣɫ
̨ϵױУԱߵκУżϵİ裬͸Ůӵľ¡

лϴȹȫҳģлɿŻ̵ȹӣĿлϣл˵ȸūӽտʼٴôưˡ
лɻӣֱ۶¶ţ˵ĸϽֺ˵ÿܴЩ
лϣǾϰߣõͣļҵСӺƵġ
лεĺҵ̫ˣ㡣ȶյʱ洩ȹӡ

лϱӶЦˣİһۣԺĺӱèжüС
л³ںͰȺ£׷ţʰ䣺Ǳ¥ô𣿡
Ϊѵ˵Ǳ¥䱦Ҷȥˣһߵģ۸ǧ֮ϡ
лۣףٳɱҲ߯ˣֱ̫Ʋˡ
Ǹҵҵˣ񷢵ĺƣǴƽ׸ġ
һǧǮһۡ

ӾƵĹʮ죬׼С죬ϿţĻа복Ķ
лɿžϲʣˣ
鹧˵ɾѾݣЩɾͻģؽ㡣
лɿ۳ϵĶžͻطˣŰ伸ж

ẓ́ܶСлɣѵݣڣԽȣһ顣˴ӵͰӲݳһֱܾԭɳĮڡ
˳Ͳ˻ʱҾܻ´ζ㿴ɽȥݳȥɳĮ
СлɣٵѾãԹԵһ

лɿ˼飬ֻδǷ˳
ſţֻɬ̡˾䣺쵰
Խ˵Խء˵׼Ļز

䱧ź˵׼ġ
򿪿ۣһľ̥ķлɳ˹Ķеֲ塣
Ҳûķɣ飺˵ʲô𣿡
ǸǾͷˣлɷиǸģʣµĶǸɫӡ
ֱռӵãߵﶼϰ߸ռӡ

ЩС⣬解һЩлɲ϶ǽϿС
Ū

˵ЪЪɣҸ׼㶫ܴͽ
סµ׼Ļ
лյſʼͲȥˣԸȥ⣬²ȥʲô
ѾＹˣΪţɱֻܻ⡣

ʳһ˵Ķʱ䣬˼ʱϲһ˶ܱ˴š
Ｙ⿾ʵζҲܺãгɳôнϳ㣬㣬ӽˮ齷ζһҪζϵζ͸
ȳ죬Ȼͱ⡣
ɵʱ̽飺ηʲô
𣺡κͲҶ
ⶼȱٵĽλҪԼȥѺҲ򵥡

лɻǲʣǽԭ𣿡
ĬûشΪ̫ûﵽݣֻڽǾͱ򷢻ˡ
лûɵĻš
󣬷¯лԸµĺ˵㣬Ұտ¯𡣡
лЦЦ˵ۣһû̫ҪȻû취ˡ
лİСӣŮںԺ¯ŮԺ߼ӡ

Щߣοɾδϱ̶ӵˣͻˣ·ܿɿ
лɷʣΪʲôҪԭһפʮΪʲôƫҪȥ
Ƣеʧǡ
Լ֪Ϊ֣˵ȱ
лøʮפֲıһٶ㣬ٺ»ѵ𡣡

˵żҴ˵ȥдţش
ıƢѾѹסˣȻ˷䣬̳¿īȴİˡ

յûмʶɽľɫνԭҶȥ㡣
Ҳûмʶȵ׳֪һϿǧ˶ҹǣʷвԭ޼᲻ݣ߳Ķ꣬Ӧ֪
һǾ仰Сʱ٣ûκһͦȥʷıȻ첻ꡣ
СԴǴǰҲҪô졣
ҪȥգҲδֻвԭǺѪĹ磬һ·ȥѰң޼᲻ݵĲһʱ

±ʣϸ˱飬ͻȻԼЩѪ
Ƭ̣ڽβһ䣺˻ʱûԺ󶼱Ĳˡ

װźֺǽ߻ߣ
飺ߡ
˼Ƭ̣˵һЩðϵ㡣

ߺѾˣ׼ʳлŻȹǣȣĶŴİ복Ц˵˵ͼ֮ʲôûУҿɲš
лƽϣʣʲô
лϷɫֵӣʣôЩũ
лЦǵã˵ѰӣȻӣȻʲô

лϺܻɣû֤ݣʣʲôûУ
Ц۶ʲôǼҼ֮ã
лϼ̹̹Ц˵Ҳǲɡ
Ц˵ǵõԺˣȰ½ҵ˵½볯ŵڣлңͲȥˡҵף½ܶһŸŹŮӴƽƣҲΪ·һͷ

лĿ˺ã̾
ֱϣлɵɲų¯лѸɵһ죬лȡɣɫѾˣġ
һڣΪʱ䳤еƫɣŨζȻ΢΢ζǳͽ
³˿ڣеϲζ
лҧʧ˵Ǻܺóԡ
лɺ¸ζã͸ˡ
л᲻á
лɺ̫Ӳҧ⸬óԡ
лһ˵ռﰢ㿴¯𡣡
ǵлɸ˱䵽ԡ
лѱͨ죬ŤͷܣŻ˵ҳˣ㲻ٱˡ




36.  ʮ   ûд̵һ

лЦŽȫװ, طʰЩõҩģҩ룬ǲǸּĶõҩ, űȽϺá
ʰһѡ
˯ǰĥ, ٲȻٹҪسȥ½ףٵˡ

ȵڶһ簢佫, ſʼĥǵ, лʣҲɢĲ, ŶӺɷ, ׼лһسǣʱȥ½ҡ

лɿ, ִһ, ֱ̾ô
ǰһлһس, ӨӨʹҲˣǴ
лɽʯָССϲЩĶ, Ƶıڻ, ˵лһ, ɢͯӡ
лʣɢͯӣ
˵ģĸҲ˵
лЦ, ƽ˵ϲʲôĶ㶼Դߡ
Сﲻ˼˵ϲ⡣
ǵл̿

ӨӨһߺл˵ûܴܲһֻèؼң
лϰʣҲϲèô죿
ӨӨǾҺͰһֻ
лʣ㰢Ҳϲèô죿
ӨӨ, ̣ҲҪˣһֻɣÿȥԺ￴è
л־Ͱ͵ܲˡ

ллϣҪʱèǡˣȤˣ˸ͻͿˡ
ӨӨ⼸ѧɵı˽лл㡣
ȫûйŴСӵ֡
⣬ɹСӵϳɵëˡ

ջǴȥһֻèһ·ϸĺǻ
лɻլӣһ˻ؼңʣû𣿡
лɲ˵еֲ˼񣬲ˡ
Ųµׯʲôõġ
лҪһŮȻ˲ϰַ⽨ªϰҪ߲ˣ˸ϰߡ̫Уȥ½ҵʱ

ڼлԭȥ⣬Ǽ䱸ˣǰɡǰƣҲ۲Ϊ

¼ˣֻͰﰢүǼȡ½͸еĲׯꡣ
ԴлxûϢлɾеĲׯתǴ̶ӵĲƥֱת׬ۣҲ㱣סлxһҵ
ó⣬ûʲô츳

лɵķ䰢һֱڴɨлɽ˷䣬׷лʣļӼѧ𣿡
µۿû뵽ôרʹʡ
лʣˣ
̵˵ѧˡ
лҲٶ䷭·ԭġСлɡǸ׼ĽСӣȹǾԼֹţͬĴַš
վǰʣү˵ׯϺæµһæ
лĶסЦʣȥׯϣ
˵ڣֱ׼ȥҿ۾
лɻ·ɢûպϣֻҪ̴ΪֹȻˡ
лҲΪС˵ȥ½ң֮󣬺һȥ⡣
۾һĵͷ
лɼлţ˵ʳ򵥵㣬º˵

ﻹӣһڿҿңƶлɲϰʣܵһǴˣ˿ûľ
ôʾô㣬Ϊ׵ľ
лڳſڣʣµĸ¿ɶˣ
ͷһۣηҲеǣ˵ûС
лʣΪβף
ȴо˵ûǮƣǮҵŮ࣬Զꡣ
ٽ飬л˫޳ɵġ
ǵͷѰ¼˵ǮٸȢס
Ҳ˵ˣһôûǮơ
Ĵ󾪣򲻿ɣСɷǣ
лɣþãֻҪڣȸ׻㡣ҸлԤ֧ӡ׾ݣٽʡҲûǮơ
Ӳ˰ᣬ˵

лɼڿޣǺͿף̾Լһ֪ĸŮʲô˵ȥ½Ҹȥׯסһʱɣׯֲһæ
ûлͷ

ֻ֪šƶǳѹһˡ
лɵڶһķԸ²ۣɣ񾭲ǰ᲻øԡ
Űºȥ޼Ѱлϡ
лһõԲȹƯˬһۻƵȹӣЦ˵Ҽȸūʡ
лĿޣ޿κΡ
һʮˣҪһʮĴף٣Ǳֱ
飬ôܿġ
ر˷ܣһ·ֹʣ½רȥ𣿡
лţѽ½Լҵġ
ĸ˷ˡ

лϴһλ곤͸Բܸߣźܺƣչлرϸġ
ȵ½ſڣлɲŵһμʶڳΪ٣ӽļҾж฻½Ҳͬ޼ҵĹӵ͵լռؼ˷ţͿʼŶӡ
ӷŵ½Ҵţ˰ʱ
ſڽӿ͵˾нʮ
˴ţƹӰǽЩһлŤͷ˵½⼸꣬Ҳֱϡ

һֱоμУûнӴٻ˼ҡһ½ңȷʵе㱻ˡ
ӰƬ̣ӭķһʵЦźл˵롣
ŤͷЦλļҵǧԡ
лر˵Ľֱġ
Ц˵лҵġ
Ǹɫһָ̻Цæ˵ԣҺúдλ
лҲǸˣ˺ͼżС磬ֳϾҲ࣬ˬЦ˵ǾлˣϷף٣̰˻ظϵ֡
Ǹ˼л˵зִ磬Ҳҵлϲߣ߱˵Ͷ࣬ЩˣлĪ
лɿʱʱŮɸпȨǸö

·ԺӺ˷ſڵװζһˣǵԺ
ѾǹãлֻһоȫŮˡ

·λСϱžͺò˭ףˣ
ãſϵΪ̫̫Բʣ˭ˣ
лӦֲڼңϷٳŶȸūϷףٴ֣Īǹֶ߶š
ϵ̫̫ЦŮ̫ˣлҲʶֻĿбӵĸлߣʵЩ

ȵ˸ǰ̫̫˶ķڣٲȻһ̫̫
лɣ̵Цʣȸūˣ
лһ⻰̫ԣ˵Ӷµϱò֪
ֳϣĺܷˡ

ŮͻȻĵģлҲ⣬˵ʮˡ
˵ͷʾⰢǰ˵ǰЩʱգżȻ𣬵ڶǡ½·֪ĸٳȸū٣̸ŷ𣬹⣬㽫˷ת

̫̫ЩӲĻ˵סˡ
½֮ĸϾ࣬ôлɶò⣬ǿֵһλǳ¼ҵСӡ
лѹʶǳڹ۲

лΪ̫̫̬ȣЩˣлɲμһ˶ʶᣬֱɵñ
ʣȸūʱһƬ֪ɷȥٿ
лϾȵĿʲô

Ƿ˵ȻǿԣҴȥ
ȫ̲Сʱ˳̨Լܵȫ˶еעĿ
һߣһƬ͵͵ۺ½֮׵λСӡ
ŵɩӣ˵ССΪǡ
ȴôΪлСһͼ⣬ô
ˣ˵ˡ




37.  ʮ   Ǯ

Ժ, ڵһۣͷԺӣֱ̫׵ĸ, ǲϲ޼ҵĸһשһߵĹ
ķ˷ɽء, ڻ粻֪ʱάȵ, ֪ǷֱʡлİڼЩ˼ɡ

½ҵĸ, ǾϸΣΡɺ辰İڼ, Ǯ
Ȼ֪ôס
·ķ˳Ժ, ͱ˽лȥˡ
лϼɫ࣬ʣôˣ
л̾ù, ػذɡ
лʣǲϷ̬ȡȸū԰, ½ֳͬµ£Ǽ츾˵ġлȷʵ½Ҹ, ҲǱϥ֮գ, ɲŴ硣

лɱЦ, ˵й, ǾȤ½ҺҵЩ룬û㱶ѡ
رͤ, лվһ£ԶͤŮŮллϣ½һֱô𣿡
лʵֻлx˵䡣
ֻ֪½Ҽ½ǰʦͼ֮ͬǵʦ, ֮ھɶʱ׼һǰա
лһë㤵ĸо˵ĹͷӲ档
ͤ˲֪˭˭

лɲ֪½֮ˣлⲽߡ
һСŮ±ղסˣһ仰Ҷ˵лĵġ
лʣȸūȥˣ
лɣ컹ǮʣѰʱŰݷðɡ

ȵͷ½֮ǸӾ͵˵ɾڸڵš
лɲĿлϣ֪ܺӷʲô񾭡
ԥ󣬺л˵ùȵңȥȥͻء
лȫȥɣҾ￴

лɸ˽ţڻԺӣʽ԰ֽһһƹɽͿ½֮վˮ
ЦЦʣ֪ʲô£
½֮Щ죬ľֹϾѵлɴ󷽷ƽϡ
˵մȹӷǳÿҲ˵ȽյСǶۡ
˵Ǹʽ磬游Ź

лɸ̾ѧСǴСͲһʮഺһ̸ֻ
ǾͲһֻѧϰ
˵Һ³оġϾҹͲôӶ
½֮ȴ˵ʹ³˵ġ
лɵЦϣ˲ˣʣȻأ
½֮˵ȸūѧ֮ϡ
лʣԣѧ游·ǶĽֺαأ
½ܾ֮ò˵ΪȸūӦ
Сͬһֱ̳лֱܲΪȻ
ϲĽӡ

лóһۣŵˣʮҲǸͷࡣ
úһֱû˼£оȥٳ˭Ҳ˭֮ر

̾˿˵½֮ҽգʵծġϧʱԡҸݷá
˵ת׼ˡ
½֮׷ʣȸūôƲңҪң
лɶסŲͷִĿ
½֮һǷծǮ쾭£߲ûϵڶСܳԵʻµ£ûκָϣҲǡлŵ䲻½ңȫǵ˶֪ģĪҪˣƢҵμ㣬㲢֪ǸʲôˣҲǡ

½֮һͨҵе£ȫϲлɵ£һͨѵ־˵Ķԡ
ôһֱ׳Ůӡ

лɻлѾϵȥˣںߵ˷ܵ˵½ĺӡ
лɻһ¸ղŵḶ̴́𣺡Ӧðɡ
º֪飬֮ǰľ¶ɢˡ

Ͱ½ȥŮǻ˵̣ѾƲ˺԰ȥϣлɸ·Ů԰ӣлϺһλĵĿȥлæ˵ҽ㣬Ҳýйùá
лˬĺùá
Ǹһ˫ۣЦܿɰһۣЦ˵ǹֶ񡣶ˬԸ񡣡
ԱߵĸĶ˽ģллߣɨһΧҲ˺Ŀ

Ƿ˺л˵û¼ҵˣ
лȻ֪¼Һ½ҵ£ΪȻ˵Ȼ֪ȻôλСף٣Ҳ̫Щ
лɺʣ¼Сˣ
λ˱лˣֱ˵ˣǹʱ½Ϸ˵˶û

лŰˣ˵½֮御ˣƽƣҪҵĺá
ţл˵ȥȥͻǵȲңҡ
·ƵģѰСɾˬˣλ˻ھУ˵ֶŮǲͬһСӡ
лЦЦֻǿޡ

л¶ûסһŮʣǼķķˣ
Ů澴ŻЩȨɵĿҲȥҷˡ
˵ţȥ͸ţ˵лȡŵ־ˡķȻͶˡ
Ů澳˼Ƭ̣˵ȵȡ

һʱ䣬Ů澻̬Աˣ˵
лɸ˺ܾãһԺӣϴ͸

л˸ɵǸ˵Դˣ˼¡
ϸϸݣžˣ¶͸ž¡
ô⣬Ҳףֱʣ˵Ҫ־ݵģ

лҲںʲô̬ȣϾծ̬ȲһЩҲǿԽܵġ
Ǯҽմˣ˽ҵǷŵ־ݻҾС
ϲôʹչһᣬֱܡ

лΪԸ⣬õ߷˿½һ
˼ӵĿͻȻͰˣлһʱҲ֪ôˡţ½ԪΪ·ϣ·ž˵
лסˣѺ仰ȥˡ

æл񣺡½лxŮлյĶ顣
½Ԫʽˣæ첻أҺʰѾԻ֪˵
лһϵϽ˵ұǮƣƴǡջţҴŵ־ݻȥ٣Ҳÿǵġ
½Ԫһʱܾˣ䲻ϲҲ֪˳½Ԫӡ
лɼ޶˳ɣæ˵᲻СѰ˼һӵļҲơл´ѣǻ߶ŲġǧĪƴǡ

ɲܱ˻򲻿ɱΪһµĳ
½Ԫƴǲã̾Ǻðɡ
Ϻݺһѣ۵һ

лֻ֪
½Ԫȥ鷿־ݵĿ϶лɺ˵һ治˺˵ǣ£Ҷ˵Ը
ϾɵĿֱͿˡ
½ԪԭЩò⣬һ룬Ǹ׶µ£ǳ˴Ȼˡ
лĽݺŵ־ݸ
̾㸸׿Ϣˣ
лɣʱûУ˴ƽ
˵ֻʱرӦ֡
ˣ˵ر˳ˡ

Ů澺͸ȥȡǮһţϾüԹ½Ԫɾôͻأ
½ԪʣǮ־ݣⱾ쾭¡
ֲ˵Ѿ㽫һȥɻл¡

½ԪοĪҪЩСŮҲףһ˶ͥҲЩǻ۵ġ
ϲŲϡûǻۡ¼ҵĳ͸ŹŮ緶Ͷ֮ţ˹ġлɺֱܱȡ

Ƚ͸лҲûȥˣŮȥ԰лҹù˵һ˵
˲ˡ
뷨ϴ˼Ҫһʱ䣬뵽Ҫֲ˺ĺð취ЩͲˣֻҪ׾Ϳˡ

лɵŵѾںˡ

Խǵݣ̶ͣһգմǡ
ѾһûмˣΪ֮ǰͣ˺ܾãιܶݵѾơ
ѾƺЦ˵Щš
Ŀ࣬ɫƤʱԵø׺ݡ
ĻȻЦʣɾǸСģ
γ廰ɾˡ
壬͡
˵ɾȷʵóɼˡ

ʣ㸸ĸô
׺ݵһЦͦõģɾظݡ
۴⣬˵λ´ζȥݡ
ֻ˵ȥݣû˵ȥ˭Ҳû˵˭ȥ
ݳǣͲܲȥ޳̣˰źг̣ǺһɽҪ˺ҡպðʲôʣƾˣ𣿡

ձ֤ɾģģ˻
˵νһܸҶˣûУ
۾ᣬ֣صĵͷ




38.  ʮ   

ҲȺ, һգͷſ˷ǺȣҾ, ǰһڶȲȥ
ô, ҲûкȹҾơ
ںϻ, ·𶳵ͷǽ, ֻкҾƣܸоŻůĺȵĶ, Ҳϰˡ
ͦƫ, ѹӣԸ񼫺ˬ, Ҳá

γʮ, ʮʱȢһţˡЩһֱһ, ų˿ѾƣľƣɾŸ˵, Ǿͺյӡ
պʣǳ𣿡
ֹ, Це˵ǡ

֪˭˵˾䣺С, ﲻһ
Ц
һȺ˺ȵҹѵֻдͰա
һһ, һϣǶû

ɾΪηҪʯԭ
ջ֪챻޳Ϳˡ
ֻ˵ҼҪһ
üʣǺˣ
۰գҰ˽¸˸ףݱսȱս
̾, ǾĿϧ޳̴ӣݵؽʵۣһʶʵݣʱĴûô˵˼
ʱݵĻңƾǴ׬һʵϵǮ
һڻظݵ·Ϯֻż̶ӵˣƴʮоĸĸ޶
ʱһҲʱ֪ݴʷ޳̵Ķӡ
Щ꣬ҲͼҰç˻죬⡣Ҳµڼﲻӡ
Խֵá

۰գɫޣЦ˵գԶҪΪ˲ȥƴǮû˿׬͸Ҳ޷ֻҪܵסͻ˵ʮҲáǺˣٶǮҲûãʱ֪ж˻ꡣֻҪصסǵǮ׬Ҫ׬⡣
벻˵Цﲻζɾˣ˲ͬ
׬ǮõģҲϧƵһˡ

ҲȰ˿ھ˵ȥ˯ɣտһգһǣҾͲˣǳſȥΡˣҾͽˡҶˡ
˵ɾġ

̴᷿ͨϣһƵĺӣ˰ٺṳ́ɫȥ˴޳̵ĸۡ

ŵ˼ʶҲգ˵Ƕ˵ˡ
һҲģϽȥ
߱˵£ƫȵȡ
ŵûľ˵֪ˣȥæɡ
˽˾վࡣ
ϰ䲻ϰ߱˱ϥĶο˵ˣȥȰɣҵȵ

̬̫ϡƽⶼ޾ηԽĹ
˲ߣЦ˵ٲߣҿɾͲˡ
˵ţôڵϲʣʲôʱģ
˵սţ˵£͵ȵ
ʵĲ϶˵Ҳʣ˵ȵȣҺͶ˵һ

ýȥû
ŴţһʱǱ߸OO@@ɢˡ

˽޳һװƱˣòϣ޳ȷʵһòһɱƺѷɫ佫
ԥ˼룬ȵͷ񣺡ס
޳̶ãŵʣʲôʱ򵽵ģ
ա
Ϊʲô
Ϸ
ʲô
ΡҶ˿

õľĬƫҳ
·Ľ
Ǵ޳ʣȥã
ɵ˵̫ԭ˲Ϣ£˭˵
޳ɫ࣬ʣΪʲôҪԭ
ȥǲȱ𣿡
µĴ޳˵
ӵͣԶϡ

޳йƣʣʲôʱģ
۴޳ãʣܻط˵ģҺ˾Щͷۡ
˵˵
޳ĬҪ󣬴ŲôģǺʹ޳Ҫȱˣڲԭﻻ˳Ǹ⣬Ӧ
ҵ֪ʮǰĲԭʮûԭҪӦǡ
޳ŤͷüʣҲȥ
νЦȻҪĵҪôұˣҪôҵ˽¡
޳Ŀһۣ·Ӷ֪໥ܽģֻǺ

޳̽鷿λϣ˱飺ʲôʱ
ʣʲô⣿
˵£˭ܴʳ

޳ʣϣжˣ
˵ĸŸ˵ˣҲҲ¡ǱΪǮҲҵ¡
޳ֽ̽ؿϣĿ⾼Ķŭˡ
ֱӣʣв𣿡

޳̶˵ǰĴģԸЩ꣬ǳ嶯ԶûǸ
ӡӵڣֻҪŭǾϡ
ɴ˿⡣

˵ţñɾˡ
źס
ȵ˵ܣ
񣺡硣
׷ʣʲôʱ򵽵ģΪβ֪ͨһȥ㡣
Ц˵һɢֲżأ

ĸֳûʲôЩС鷳ԸȥѰֳæ
޳ֵ̿죬Ըɡ
֪޳̴ӦˣΪ̫ˣݺͲԭм䣬һ˴Ǻ˸Ӿס
Ǻɽµ

Ŀ꣬ɽ£һ
ʱϱֻͨҪˣþ
Խ࣬ϱضԽȫ

󣬴޳̱㲻ˡ
Ĭ𳤰ļ
˵Ĳ࣬Ǵ˵Ǹϸĳ֣Ըº񣬶Լĵöйġ
˵˵һ£ٺʹɡ
޳Ǻܲϲӣ˵
µĸϽ˵㳵Ͷһ·ЩЪš

޳Ҳˣƣİڰ֣ʾֵܶ˳ȥ
˵ٺ̸ȥϢ
ЦЦǴӦˡ
˷䣬˯⣬˼г̸ôߡ
ڴ˼˺ܾãͻȻҲ֪лʲô

ļƢʱֿʼ֡
޳̵ڶһд
һ鷿޳̾˵һȥڽڵȺǣǹڻǻ̽ȥѰǡ
һҹ׵ķˡ

̾;ܾǳʱգͲ˽ȥˡֻ飬١
Ĵ޳һ
иóƵͼѣϧûԭλҾţ˸Ҿˣٶ˾Ͳˡ̶ﱾͺ˾Ӷࡣ
޳ʣƻˣ
һ¡
޳̾ﲻòϣӺʹӾŬҲ׷ϴĽŲ˼ܵԼ˵Щˡ

æ˺ȷʵûʲô˵ģʸ˵ҳȥһˣ
޳̵Ļϵíϡ۵һžʣ㲻Ҫ̫
ƽֱǸˣҪտҵĻտҵˣǸؾصˡ
޳̼⸱̬ȣѵҪһ̬ίӣΪ㱾´ȱľߵˣ
üεվſڣҲ˿⣬Ц˵ˣҾȥһУںҡлһ̸
˵Ҳȴ޳̷ԹԾˡ

ȰһףҲȰһܣǼ˶ͷϡֲö졣
ֻܻ͸׶죬ҲǺ˵Żܻ
Ҫƽգ࣬Ǽɫ˭棬˶ܡ

ţ縮ɫҴңºйأߵſڣˣЦʣô
˵ͷʵ𣺡ūδƣΥʮȡ
Ŷػͷ۶ɫⲽȥˡ

˳ϵլӣҹ˻δֻаһԺȭʣɾʲôҪģ
һ·ʣܼ٣
ֱʣɾƻб䣿
ҡͷǣЩһȥ
˸˵԰

Цſһۣû˵òãֻ˵ٿǿǡ
Ⱥ˹ȻǺϵĽͣҲƽͷգûмѪɱ¾ı˺ݣЩĶ
Ǵ޳̲ǰװæƽԺ¾Ǵ޳̵ˡϵˡ

˼˺ܾãǾðŴ޳̵ıȥ
Ҳߣһֱ½½˵ˣȥԷº˵
һڣγ嵱ʣɾʲô˼ǲã
һ۲ش𣬶γʣȥѪͰ׷ˣ

ڳͬ˴£һͻȥҲơ
ɺ˵ȳԣҡзգҪиʧ˵ҵѪʲôûˡҸ׵ıȥĲ¡
һȺεѪӣһնЩƽ
֣ѵĪǣڲǲˣ
һȺӶʱ
Ըһӻմʣµˣ·һӣ˻ݣһӣѾƴϣƽյĻ˻سַһǣ͵ط˭飬˵
һȺ˵졣
ɫͰڣ̶ӵ˴󶼲




39.  ʮ       С顭

ص, ޳̽վȻڼңԺӣҴҳ, ϲ˵ܻˣ׾鷿, ȥ, Ҫȥһˡ

ʰ׶, վǰ޳̺˵ýӸż֮
ý˾䣺ǡ
޳̣ߵ޹أ

ЦԷ, , ż룬޳һ, ֮ǰ׺֮, ʣٺˣ
ͦ˼, ȸ̨ף˼һûǸͬȥЩ
޳̴ž⣬һ, ĬƬ, ̷ԸҵĽ, ȥס˲ԭһ, ĪҪĵУûУ

ͻȻô޳湻šͣޱ˵ǿɲУȥ·ֲǴȻҵĶ, ȻǶҪҵģҵĹءǲþͱȥ
ԣ޳һʱòסĻҪŭ

ȷһıȥҲΪ˰ȫĴ¼ƻ䣬Щϸڱ仯һ֮䡣ҪȷԱİȫԡ
˵ڸ֮⣬ƲȲӣȻҲŴ޳̵ĸӹء
СܵĽõİġĸ֮һ·ĳ
⽨ֻεļ׳һ㶼ϰߡ

ǰúס
סŲûлͷʣʷл
ÿ۴޳̳ŵϹȰ˵ҽ˽ӡһһиĳĳҡоγأ˴ԭҲΪ˺գĳо塭

һ룬ͷĻʷˣǸˣֻǮƣ֪λ˶ٽҶҶǮֻҪͼǳѨҶһġɱҵǮǿҽһճɡ
ǴͳĶˣûһĻ֡

˿ʶףУҰֻҪ̫ƽⱲӶͳ͢մϹϵֻһˮˡ

ͷöʱЩģͺǷ񣬻ûˣͱˡ

޳˱ƿڴǰĴֻƢԸ񼱣һıŹҪһͷ֪ȥѰ
ڵĴ·һɳ·ĵƽ˾ʱһ̫ƽ磬һеĵ
ȴǰѾ޼᲻ݵķâ
޶ﶼǡ

˵ҲȶˣԹԳȥˣļƻʱ仯ģȻ޳̱Ԥеĺ˵Ķ࣬Ҳһ鱱ϡ
һĿʱ䣬ˣȥݳֵĽ֣һ˶ûһ·½½ȥᣬʢлɿ϶ϲ
Ķ󶼱͵̶ŵլӡ
ȰȥѾڵˣžҵˣһҪһ
ֵ˵˵𣿡
Ц˵ֻСüѾƲˡ
ԺӣҾ첢ס⸮ԺӲϽĿ˵ɩӵδ͹
Ц˵֮ף궼һ֮䲻ˡ
ǴϰߣԼ鷳
ĺܸˣ˱ƣʣĸ׿ɺã
¬Ǹˣ޵޼ʱܴ꣬ܵ꣬Ȼ˵Ǵ޳̴ֵǴʱ¬ϰӦ޳¬˽¸ǱСʳ
޼˺ĸƣֵûܹʲô¬Ϻ𾴡
ǵϲн꣬˵ͦõģĸ˼ǡܻȥ
˿ھƣҡҡͷѣ֪ͻϴϮ˶𣿲ǧפ򣬶زסݡͻһѹұѳ֮ԣǲҪϽǴ޼Ҳܰȫ
˵ơ

һζº͵⣬ϲӢۣƽ˵ΰǸʹġ
޳̽Ŷʮ꣬Ըºͣûд޳̵ĵʶͻǿǱű֮ģ
һЦ˵磬˾ɥͻ˹ȻʮҲһǴƤë۸ǣϵţ۸ɣԭţȾ˲ͻ˶ʱ˲ϣֻҪܻ꣬Ʊزȡ

һЦܼ֮̾΢֪Һ͸˵˵
ЦֹЩ˵ţЩαȥ
ģ䶯ͻӰ쵽á
̾ЦԵܵܺ͸֮ìЩΪΡ

Ǻ̫ƽ٣ʲô
Ц˵ʵͦĽڡ
Цŵͷӣο̫ƽʱ򣬴粻þɥⱭҾ磬Ⱥ̫ƽ֮գҴŴϵһ̣ô翴֮ңʮɫľ¡
˵ЩѪһ

ڶһ磬ٺл׼ĻĶ飬һҪ͵
ԼŶ˳ǡ
Ҳֻд޳̺֪ԭȥˣ֪飬ֻΪȥˡ
˳Ҫ;ɳĮɽԼվܵʱںͣա

Ǵ޳̵Ҳפȷ٣նʱˣĲͣ˵أ˵ȺԲͻ˲ĺ֡

⣬һ·Ͻ˺ܳĬֻǰպ죬ʮѰ̷Ĵ磬·һֹ̫ͻѵǱ̰ķӣҪй⣬Ҫͷ
Ĺ۲ֻ֪

ڶնɷˣ˿ʼƣ˻ȥԡ
һŲ
ȶ鵽ûнɽĵ̣˺˵ȥȥĪ
ԭӺסĵطǰһפ𣬼Ͼɱʣ²ӵ˲ԭı߽硣

Űյһνԭǣ̶ӵĻȫȫˣ
٣źɽһϡ٣ڲԭ֮⣬ͬ˶ܰȫ

ɽմ˽жŽϸĹ۲ֱ˵ģǶһԾ͸Ϳˡ
һ·Ϲ۲죬Դȷʵ棬ҲЩ
ںĹ۲죬޳ܰ˵Ǹɿˡ

ȺĪʱѾ׵ˣĪǸʮֵ꣬ģ˴ϲ˵ɾˣ
Ц˵ɰã
Ǵ̶ṩģӳ֣ˣѾ֮ǰĲԭ壬ũ

Īʣɾôһǰô
˵ֻڡ
ĪԴжΪ̻Ǻܶũ֪ʶڲԭûսĲ䣬עɱ𲿵ū
ǿȥˣĺܲ

Īߣд𣬴ʽ㿴ʲôˣ
ʵĴ𣺡滷ɽɽѹܰȫ
εЦ˵ҿ̣
Ī￴ӣ߱˵ɾãոԵһֻ¹
ʣȷʵ

Ӳ󣬴˸ǵķӣĺ˲ֻӣһȺ񣬰÷޵Ĺ⼸ǶɢЩӣӵми㳡еִĻġ
ڹ㳡׼¹
ٽͯȺ֣㳡ϵѾȼĪҲţдԱߡ

·䵽һĪģճô
ӡÿ˵ϣ͵ĹĪҲԵЩ񣺡ͦɾӹճɺܺá
Զɽ˵ܰӾͺãײҪԭԭɱ¾ǽȥֻȥ޻ءԺҲţҲʳ㡣
Ī￴ŴĵЦɾҲû˻ȥǵɾȵģⱲҲֻɾЧ
ջԶӵĿ⣬ɺ˵Ī⻰˵ˣҲҪúûžˡǲ̫ƽʱɽȥɽҪȥ
ĪﾯʣɾҪԭ
ŻҪ죬ȥ̽̽ϢͶ˭׼ߡ

ĪﲻõЩʿɾһͬȥʶ·
ܾ·ˣǴ߶ͺá
Ī̾ƺܴƣһһ仰û˵ֻŴĪﻹд׳һһĺȣǣƵľȻǴ

ڶһ磬ǲ˳ȥ̽·ӲΡ
֪޳̴Ѿ簲ˣҲġ
ûͼ˶γ塣
̶ӻûбãݳȴźˡ
γҹֱ
ָָָγ壬̫γˣ͵ð塣ȴʲôû˵
öγٺٵЦ

˷䣬𿪾޴İлɵ档
üһһ䣬ɫޱ仯ֱ궼û䡣
һ˺ܾãȻȻЦ
˰ɣڳ˳Ц۾ˡ




40.  ʮ   ̵С

л׼ܼ, һЩҩĺͼ򵥵ļƷʣµĶɡ
մȥžͼһ, ɾ
Ż, װǰ, ʣɽô
գ, 붬һСԳڿ, չ˵Ķ

˵, ǼģԭѾߵ, Ϻ, ûԥͷˣ˽, ⽫ѱɿٶˣҲˡ
ϱ̶ҪѾǮ׬, ƺе״˵, ʮ۵ĵˡ
ֻҪ, ûʲôܡ

ʣɳȥĳ𣿡
գûпγһֱ, û
Ǳƣʾ
ԣɵ˿ڣеҧ, ϸϸƷζֻú
⼸ѵɣЦ˵ţģζá
ζѾܲˡ
˵ɣλȥǶ׼
üƺ˲һĹʡͻȻʣɾλģ
Цϣֻ˵ϲǺ̫ƽʶʶ͡
֪λŮʲôͣǴͣʶˡ

Ĺ¶дűлɸˣԴӺлʶԺеķɣЩֻлܶ
ĵ㵽Ϊֹ˵գһձˮ͸
˵ֿЦ˵ҲҪȻմԻԿһЩ·ţ¾ơ

Ц˵ɾԼ԰ɣĪҪöγ忴ɲ֡
ЦͻȻĶγʣҲܿʲô
˶һֶЦγȻһ۾Ϳɣһ飬ֻþΪʣĶģ¾ƣ

ȻЦγϵƦ˵ĺºͺˬ
ջҪȥæ£˵ȥǱտġ
ߺ󣬶γչȥֿץ˼ɣʹ˵е˼ųҿ˻ͼˣңҲҿ̫

ʧЦʣʲôˣ
γ֪ƽЩҧ˿ɣ˵ʮˣӣȭ׼ǹá
ʵܲµͣһ䶼ʣֻҪ޳̴Ӧ˰ֵַĸֻҪţǰʲôһŲʡ
γ⣬ʣɾ֪
οǾ֮ˣЩֻкôûлˣֻ⣬ġ
˼˵Ӫҿȥ
γЦɾ˵Цˣɹ˵ˣαȥǸ
Ҳʣ̰ƣǶγ尮Ⱦƣûƣץһ˵ȥҾƣûƿϧˡ
Ц

ĪڴһȦ˲Ƕʶ⼸Ҳɽȥݺͽ߶Ѿϰ˺˵

ĪҾסڹ㳡ϣӾΧŹ㳡ģеִС
űĪȥĸ䣿
Īｲĺϸ·򡢲͵ıףͬÿĴͳ˵úĺϸһŴһֱɢߵĲt̨ܸϿ˶ɽϵȺ
һﶼϢһֱ˲t̨ųĪܴһ𣿡
ĪĴ󾪡

Ц˵Ҳһ˵档
Īȴ֣˵ɾģĪ˵һ򣬾ٶ࣬ĪҲ𣡡
ЦŶȺһ㶼ûзɡ

ʱ򽯵˵ɾһɳʮûϰ
ЦЦĿʣ⣬ֲǶˣôƿ䣿
Ȱ˵ߣź̽Ϣ
ָ˽ģֻ˵ϢȻ̽ҪʱҲ㣬ǽ˲ԭҵĹءǶʲôˣʲôˣǶ
һ䶼

ʶɫεˣںֵ⣬ûʲô·ʲôⶼ׷󣬵еⶼܴ
ϾõЧӦֻô˼δ̫ò

ôģǲֵֻ̫ܺ˿Ц˵εĿΪ˻һ˴۴ӳ͢õĹΣѾһʣ˲ԭΨͼˣ£Ҳκָ̣ҲܡǶԼ취ҵ⣬һʧ
˼˵ϣҲܷΡƿԡ

ȽߺſڴͷͷۣűǷɣϢƬûилɻš
ֽīʡ

лɣݣڲԭ߽һаá
﷢һƬĺõطź׵ʷǸĺƽԭ
Ҽǵãԭмܴľׯǧ԰˿һƬǷá֪ʱҵ漣
Ƕ106ȣγ38ȣͬһγȵλãϲ
ִͬϵ
ϧҲͼܽһ·ļŸ㣬˵׼ܻƳϸ·ͼ
ݳ£ȥ
˿̵ݳǣ»ִ·ûʱķ϶ȥ鶼ʵģǼģҲǴڵġ
ʵֻڷפ˺ܾãûнȥ
ҽաһһա֡
´δһȥ
Ԥ¾ͻ⣬ǲ̰䣬ܹɵλɽ½һµ
ʱרʵ飬һʱ䣬ӦԼĿһЩ
ûҲҪţҵڳʷĿջ㣬ʱ˽㡣
ҵǮ㻨һӵġ
Ҳ֪ˣȱľǮǻȻǮ
лɣҪʧ

ɫš˲ȷʵЩ̡
ڶѾװɫ࣬Žγ壬̻ݣ͵طŽʲô˵
γԭҹϮһȥǱ򷢻ȥˡ
ͷɥģ
ŭĪ֣ˣ˭ӣиʧȻ˴ȣ̶иʧ˶ڣô죿
γͷ󾢶֪ɾģͻȥ´ݾЪţڴ˵صɾҲ
ʧЦϢ
ڶһ磬һγĿԶŷȥ

лɴӰߺ󣬾ͿʼŻš
½һ·ϣлȸūǲǳʧˣ
лɲ˵ùãԭûж£ͻȻȥѰס
лһæȰĪҪһŮɣܶôԶҺء
лЦǾýʲôˣֻܿ˱æ
Ȼ˽⣬³ϲĺ˵ɾϢˣ
л־ɵʣ棿

³˵úܱأջһӺ̣˵һǰɾ
лɶϢʾʣҲǸϢ
Ҳû³οȻϢӦȷϢͿˡ
鶼Щǣ֪ߵˡ




41.  ʮһ   ׯճ

, лΪ˴ϵϢרȥУţ̿Ͷۼ, лǴ, ʶ, Ǻ, ʣСɾĶģ
лûشʣԸ𣿡
ʵϲ, ͷ, ˦ͷ㿪лͷ, ò˵ҵ, Щ
Ǻ޵ǵصĲԭ治
лʣϿʲô£
Ǻˬĳ, ÿն£Сɾ֪ʵʲô£
лɣݵ¡
Ǻ̴Ųģɵ˵⵹ǲ̫
лЩʧ, ûдϢ, ߾ǺϢ

йһ, ҲûʲôõϢլ, ½ˣ˵ҽվܺȥ𣿡
лɲԣ˵Ҳûʲô£ˣ¶, Ҫˡ
лνôõһμôͨȻЩϰߣ˶ٻǾڷҪšһ£һʱزȥ
»Ĵ𣺡õģӲùǣԼȥ
ͷȥ˳ʷĿջ

ջУƹĻǸˣʣ廪𣿡
ƹֲֻˣ˵ɾ¥
¥廪廪ȵʣʲôˣ
лɲΪʶֻʣдϢ𣿡
廪Ͼͬ죬ʱ̽ǡ
ûУɾ˵ˣһϢǵϢȻ㡣
лʧ˵û£Ҿ·˳һ

廪ûס˵ɾ˵ʲôѴҽĶ㡣
лɵܾҲҪҪʲôԼ˵
ϲ֣񽻴ƵС
ڳһˣûκջ񣬿ֺû֮ǰôˡ

ׯϣͰѾˣ׼ʳ
ʱѾˣľǵոˮ³ԺӵľлɴֲڵĻ˺ܶҾͼ³ĥĴļҾߡ

лѵƤɹɫʱǾȥ߲㣬Žȥ绹Сֻƴִ˲ƣÿղСιè

лɻлѵ۵лѵ֣ȥлѾͷĆˣͳ˺Կ⣬񰢽ԣȻۡ
¼ϲʣӣʲôģ
һﶼϲˣȫûа˵ᣬҲûа˵Ұ˵ɴ࣬Ӻ³ף˺ܺãȥϵժϣдĸŮ

лЦ˵û£Ϣɣ˯ɵʲô
˵лѣյд𣿼̲ۺ;д𣿡

лѲһЩԵģΪ˷ɢ˼άͱе
лֱ׳˵дˣֺÿÿ춼дˣ۲ף⣬Žҽ⡣
лɼѧϰԾҲͲѵ

»Щߣڳˣһ߸æĳֵܿżоܷ㡣
ǸˬԸЩʱտȣ
ȡ
¾Σȡ

Ҳƽϣ˵ģЦ˵ˬʱЩء
ʣҿʲô
Ц˵԰ݫ;²ˣȥһЩȸūԴڵıĲˡ

¾þ棬ԺӣôһƬ԰ӣ¾ɽ棬˺öˣлվԺʣʶ𣿡
ɬ˵ʶ
лɽ˲԰ӣƹ˵ȥϹϼ޽ӵϡɫƫѾɢ٣Ҳһڣ϶＾Ҳˡ

غԺտͼѼлɶڵΪժˣæ˵ժʲô
ŵð͵վ

û£ֵĿһֻۣܳлɹȥлûεĵһμ棬ֻ˵û£ҾǿĹϣʰ£ժʲô
µ˵ݫ;²ˣ˵ϲڱĲˡ
лЦʲôҲûժ˼ݫŤͷȥ𵶣˼Ծ²ˡתͷлɣԲɽӣ
лɽӹľ²ˣʣУ
Ц˵ǱߵɽУȥժһЩ
ߣ¸ں棬Ҳ̫ȥ䣬ֻǾŰл졣
ֻﲻʲôܺá

Ƚ˳ȻȥϴˣлָӣŰºͰһȥ
¸Ͻ˵ãҰæϴշ
Ц˵õ㡣

лù²˴˵ȥأϿˡժһ㣬á
лɵָӴֻлһˡ
µСŰ¸Űȥˡ

лڳ²ˣġ
֮ǰֻ䵥Сè£ֻèȡū
ܣٹʱգȸūֵĵˣׯϽճӦû
лһ仰˵ֻԼ¡ūϣ¾²ˣèʣ

ˣ˳ֽʣµ˵㣬ùڵϵЦ˵ȸūʲôľϸ
èι⣬۵Ҫ˵ô

л̧ͷһۣ˵ҵ˵󣬵ǻڳԺȽʡز
죻ֻè
лū˵èžһһèһֻһʼͲҪαأͶ̥ȥ˼ңһ¡
˵ˣлЩֲ졣

ûлָ˭ʱЩַţԸˬʣЩС¶̫⡣
˵ڳʳޣżҲҲ⣬ƽʱһԡ
ǸĽСӣ첻𴲣³һѲ鵾ӵҪȻջηӲ
ȫҲûһСһ
͵ĹǴ𾴡

ﾲĵģлɼ˾²˺˵ıˡڡ
лΧȹϵϣ˵Ѻˣʰݫ񡣡
лͷо²ˣ׼²˼ڵֱ
ʶĳգٺ˵ֻĶź

лڳȷʵ츳ܺãڱĲСѾ²˰ȥζ󻹵˵͡ȫζ
ʮѾݫʰˣ˳˵ȥݫӡ
лɿĺҲˣԺ³³ſ𣿡
Լ³ˡ
ͷǾܿˡ

ժӵҲˡժһ
лҪæһ˶ž²˼ڱڲϳһ³ŽһûûζĳԱţ˵ȸū
лɿЦã߼ӣϴֳԷ

ֵΧһϣºܾûôԷˣЩߡ
лֹˣֻԺڱи˵ʲôóԵģǰרŸ³ģֻ³ϲúԡ

³Է˵ֻЦЦ¼˿ߵͨ졣
л̾һ㶼ûгȥջˣʮĺʲôӡ
лɳԵĺ٣Ҳߣ³ڷ룬³˵ҿ絾ճɲ
лû˵ֻҪʱ䣬߲ĵ

˵֣³ʣջƹ֡
лĿʣʲôʱʵģ
³Ҳû£ǰ졣
л̾˵Ҫá
ڼƻΧѾ˶ˡ

ҿӵ֣ЩֲƷֻ֣һ۲졣
ÿյļ¼ܷʵݵӴԣҲΪĵط㲻߲ҲԶԶﲻִũҵˮƽ
ڵģҲ³һũ˰¼³ľͬʵؼĲ衣

˯ʱԼμڲԭԽԽԶƴĺǲͷ
ֱӰԼˡ
ǺĻ̡ȥڴķ䣬סʱ䲢áյģ˼ϴ·ʲôûС
ڴ£ܲµһǣڷͼ
ֻһҪֻҪ˻ţĶҪ




42.  ʮ   յˡ

³, һλޣſˣлѻس, ײ½ҵ½֮лǸƢرõС, һ㲻˺, Ҳǳ
ǰìܵͬ, 
ллļʶˣ˵Сʹ

½֮˱Ǳ, ʵֻе¡½֮, лʰ䣺Ϊʲôôˣ
俴Ľظȳ, ³, ȥһ
ǵ½ˣҲү˵𰢽, ½˺ܲΪȻûлɡ
½֮, ˼Ҳ, л˵, ʱսһֱѲǡ
лѲԣҲûףҲ, ʣǳʲôˣ
½֮Цڼ˽񡣡
лѷӿۣ֣˵磬ȥˡ
½֮æ˵ȥ, ǡ

лЦ˵ãҸŰ£½粻ض񡣡
½֮ЩźŻл³³½֮⣺л½ɡ
½֮Ǻͷظû뵽ſϳ¼ҵˡ
һͷˮԺˣ֪¼ղμӳ¼С
½֮Щ˼Ƭ̣ȥ½֮ˡ

½֮Դ̫̫ϱлһٺǷϵڣճѧҵ½µԺ飬½½ʱյǷϿ
½֮½½֮壬գ½֮Զ½µĶ֣бϣϵ½¶̲ס˵ʲô˵
½֮ҡͷʵ𣺡ûС
½¾ӣԺ࿴˵ʲô
½֮ܳ½µָ壬½лǸСô

½ۣ֮ӣŤͷ½֮
½֮űʶסԥ˺ܾã˵ܺá
½²ʣ½֮ŵ½֮Ͻһӡ

½´ǰ˿ȴ˵ûмлҵлxǾǸκε
½ֵ֮ܶĹ죬лxֻһ̼֣һҵˡ
½˹ˣź˵¬黹ڣضس
ûͷûԵһ仰½֮ˣ˵лx

½֮游Ȼ¬飬Щͷһۣɫġ
¬游ͬΪǰ̫ڿΣĩ¬Ϊ̫ӽѧ游Ϊ̫ӽ塣
¬ѳ游շתͣЩû

½֮̽ʣлӣвף
½ЦЦûˣֻ˵ȥл߶лҳڣ½Ҽף͸໥֡
½֮Ĵ𣻡ǡ

лͱīͰ˵ЩԵ𣿡
ϴǮޣлԴӲܼº󣬼Ǯڱܡ
ȥУƤëļ۸񡣡һ

˻ȥѾˣ¸лȥ˵ʶ˺ɻûп¸ʣӣʲôָһƬïʢܿ޷
лŲñ˵ͰһҰɡ
¾ȵĿ
лν˵ҲϰǽСӣұǶ󣬰ֻСһ£ҲһҰ㡣
һʮĽ㣬һȺССá

ȿյӣȥտ³˵󣬱һ糤ҪãѴ׳׳ʵ
лɽͣ絹ģո˲ܿճɡԤϻ硣
³֪նоЩٺõũҲֵֻأлɲһһӣϸֱǺŵ顣

û죬лѺ㣬ҿˣ
лҩлѺУ
ºԺϴ··ڵˣл𣿡
лֶ𣺡ǣ˭
һ˵ǾͶˣɾͻҴ
лһʣ𣿡

γֻһСɾһɫ¶̴ģü
ЩȷˣʣһλСӣ
лЦʣأ
γŷӦ̶һЦ˵ɾԭȥˡ
˵·ϵ˵
Ǵ̶ӣһӳ·ϵš

лæ䣬ͣ
ҲƸеסˣæ˵
ô೵ҪȥԺĲֿſж
лöγγ忴Σ棬ȥԺ󣬷ɵĽݽȥ̾Ϣ
лʣʲôʱĲԭ
γһҡΣǻǵ£˵⼸Ļɾ׼ж˵
лɸȥ˺ֿ⣬漸ѣʵʵ
лɺʣʲô
γԺ˵ɾר̸ģѾơ

лɿżѾƣһʱ֪˵ʲôʣû˵ʲô𣿡
γȻ𣺡Ŷš
лɽӹͷҲصˡ
տжˣлˣæ˵жϢƬ̡
γ忴лɵıӰȻĴЦ⡣

лɻصԺӣ˵дǡ
û˵ͻ˷䡣
ֻһֽֽдȴǧ֮ľ¡
ϸϸһ飬ΪޣǴ˿ȴ֣۾ɸɵģû⡣

ũҵרҵѧȻ֪Űʮƽǧ׵ϣʺã̫ˡҪͰͺ͡
ְ־ѧʷģСڲĳĴ¶ʷǿ̫ˡ
ĹԷĵһ
ȥһΣȥԷܲܶˡ

˿ĺϵľ£˵·һ


ԺﳳŻ񣬺š
γ屾ҪȥʷЪţǾΪ˿ˣ̶׷
Ҳû뵽ġ

лɴ߰䣺ȥջϰЩҪϺõĺμ⡣
ȥ˳ʷȥ߳ǵлɵġ
ʮԺлɺϴ꣬׼ôһȺˣЩ壬Ű´ڳﲻ׼ȥ

лɺͶγһ𣬸ǵ˱ˮʣܺȾȥȡЩ
γæ˵·⣬׼Ⱦơ
лɿЦ˵˾Ƶ¡
лҲЦ˵Ǿһ̳ѾƣҪһ·Ͷ١˵Ҳȶγܾؿⷿһ̳ѾƣĶγæȥ
лɵöأҲûܾسһԼȣŶγȾƣʣʲôʱģ
γˬŮӵʹЩ

ʮǰǰŸңһݣŶ˲ԭ
лŻʣǵûȥ
γҲɵ˵ܣҪտ̶ӡ

лҲƽϣ̾ϾǺˣеʱһ٣Ըһˡ
γǸˣһںȾ˵ɾˣȻܰȻĻǰյĵطܺˡ
л˿ûбο
ĺܿ죬׼ʳлд˵Ъţȥ׼ʳ˾ڿͷϢغҿ
γҲƴǡ

һζ³ࡣ
лɵ˵ఢ⣬нʮ
ⲻۣ߽⡣
ʣµĴǵģͶŹǡ
յķͲˣֱӡ

æջл䣬Źðϴ䣬֪֮ǰڼѾǿˡ
նôԵġ
ĺѾĺлɲˡ

лŹǣѾⰲٺڹˣлɣҪʲô
лҪտŹǣ˵⣬ڡ
ĬֻҪ˵һܸĽ࣬ﶣĶ

γʰ䣺λлʲôأ
ׯҲ̫ˡ
䲻ԣ𣺡ڸ׼ʳ
γʣǣʵǣʲô
䣺
γе㲻ˣ뷨ȢӦǸŹŮ˭ҵŮϵġ

лɽٺãγƵҡⶫʲôģ
лɣҡ
۾ȵĿлָлѣȥ³Էˡ
лߺлкγ壺ǴɾϲҡΣҪϲһš
γľ棬ϸϸƬӡ
ŲСﲻ򵥡

лҲôȺͺŹǳӣڱϣʶγ壺ںϣ嶼Щʲô
γǸ˾Ƭ̣˵һɾʲôǾʲô
лɲŲĹֱ˵ƽôãųܸǷ˵ʲôô
γȻһۣջĿ⡣
лɣлСӣﵱܿ
лűŤֱ˵лɡ

γ屻ϺԼԳ˵飬ֻдסһ۵ȴֲò¡
γû
лҲͲˣ˵쿪ˣȥ

Ų˳ӡ⡢Źǣţϣ峴˿

˶Գʳϴ棬Ǳлɵĺˡ
³Ժôˣʣɻˣ
лɣûУ˸ͻˡ
³ڣͲлдǡ
̫
³лɺͶγһлΪ˴ϵķ飬һ·̬
ǴˣҲѰˣ죬ײ˵ѡ

ҶԺϲ³
һٷԵһȺ󺺶̱ϡ




43.  ʮ   

γ̹Ŀα, ЦǳСǣ졣
Ǻ棬лһŮ, ΪηҪǿʤӲ⡣

лɻû˵, ³˵ҼɾҲں߶, лûô, СɾһҪżҵ
лɲŲô, ˵Ǿù, ɵǸӡ䲻ϲأǹǸöֻҲϲѡ
γ˵ǿ϶˵, Ǹ, ֱֱȥ
ֱл䲻ϴѡ

лҲðʶìǼ¡
ʣʲôʱݣص͵ʷĿջ
γͷ, û顣

Ҳٶʣµϣū˳ϥ, ˳ָ/ū, Զտ, ³źϵ¡
󣬶γٺó, ˺лɸǡ
лɲᣬϾǴˡ͵·ڣγͷķ˵ʵҲǸõط
л֪ô˵ҲƷԱĶӣݡ
ǽ׼ì, ȷʵ޽⡣ҪǶγǲǲ
Լںߵ˴ﶼ䲻ϴ
һĪᡣ

ߺ³ʣ˿Ǵ޼ˣ
лųӣЦЦ˵ˣǴ޼ҵˡǸĳˡ
³Ϊ⡣

ȻȥѾˢϴͰɨԺӣʣ½˵ׯ͡
лüʣʲôʱô˵
ϣǶȥˡһæˡ

лûɣһȥ˿ⷿʮ̳Ѿơ
ʣ¶ǺϵزмóߴЩһȫǺңЩӡ
վϸϸĿȻץӣôң𣿡
³һڿܾⷿãſʣʲôף
лűţŤͷ˵룬ð
³Ц˵кѣ԰ԲǿյأϺǽܣʱͿúԺǼԶʱǰԺ
лЦţν˵ҲãͰ

ԥǾһţԸӲԭܿ
ֲ֪˵ʲôļƻ̫ԶˣԶ󵽵ġ
۹͵Լ۽磬ʼܴġ
ֻʺ£һƽˡȨǶķ⽨ᣬһϲͨơ

˫ϥϣŴֽԾӰһķ㶡
ȻѾǺҹˡ
һԥ쿪֣ȴճȭ

յţ֪Ѿ˲ԭǳҲ
˵ĺƽԭȥʢˮƺӽ𰶣顯
ҲȥڴµĹ£ȷʵʺϽ

ܺܶܶĵطǶȥʼնʶ
ͬиԵĹж˸˾ְû⣬ͻһֱԼĹ켣ȥû˻᲻ڶ
лᣬһһĵͼ㣬Ҳ֪ҪķѺܶɵģҲһôʱ䡣

ϣԸԸ۷ʲôҶϣԸ
ûбϣԸĵˡ
ңϣܺ˵Ļ

ǮƣֻԼ͵Ǯ
Ǯ߱ǣνҲ֪ļƻ԰ﲻ㡣ӵеģԸ㡣Щûʲôôרҵ֪ʶ

֪ģֻΪǣԲŻ
Զʧ㲻֪ҶΣҶԼ
ΪԶ㡣

űʣīȾֽϣҲ⡣
ͻȻһּȣãã˺ϤɢһãȻ
ţ

ֱ˯£Ժ߶Ž͵ʷĿջֻط˯ˡ

ֱٴα½˳ѡ
½ҵļС鵽ͣ½֮š
Ϊ½µ
лɻ˯˵λ롣
˭лɲڣ

û𣬾˵Сҹ˯ò̫á
лѾˡ
ɫЩ㲣ȸԲۣϸϴվſڵЦʣôˣ
ºߵ˵㣬½ˡ
лɲ֪ǲǳʲô״ҪȻôˣ˵ôϵԸ뵽ȫİ취ˡֱͷ۵룬ǧҪ㣬ҪȻӿɾҪȢˡ
ʣ˵ʲô£
ҡͷ

лɼϴӣҪ˵ʾȽȥ˵ҽȥ
̨ף»ûţһŮʣǼСǲˣ
лһһЦ˵Щʧˡ

Ǹ˼һʱЩƽն磬˶Ѿϰˡ
½ֵ֮ĵһλЩ顣
лˬˣֱ˵үڣªλվдλ
Ƿֹֻ̾ˬϹء

һλλŮʿ½֮
ף˵δڼңʱ֪ǽҪȻˣͶա
λ˿ƣЦ˵ԪɩɩҴɩҲɡ
лɺҲѧˣЦ˵Ҿͽ㰢㡣
Ǵˣ˴ŵһλˣ˵Ĺۣ·
лŲŶҪ

½֮ζǺܿ˵Ҳؾء
лɾʮСĪķжʲôϲĶأ¡
磬оֹСر
½֮˵游лҲòڼңҽ˵лˡ
лɲлxԵʻ£˸ʵ¡
Ǻܿܵġ
ԥ룬ǽӹ½֮ĺӡ
˵ү

λ˿ֱüŪ۵ЦͣЦлᡣ
ׯţԺӷȥһƬҰ
½֮Ȼϲľ¡վԺӱߣҰ
½ϰũ飬ײ⣬ũѾϤˡλǶлһܻݼȤлɣ֪ȸūԸ
лź˵ⶼҵģһѵģ˲ڡ
½֮ɩɩźȻãûڡ

½֮ȴ˵ȸūܷҿأ
лɲл˵˵߰ɡҲÿˡ
½֮ʼ鲻Һߣһں档
лʣͻȻͣ
½֮ЩΪѣܲ˵游ǲ
лҲָشִܷɣнĿ˵·ǰء

½֮˺ܾãʣȸūǲǲ½ң
лɺͣ٣һֱߣЦʣΪʣ
½֮˵ֻǾ裬ȴʧͿãȻ
лɼ˵̾Ϣ߽ͬˣ
½֮½ʵûп١
⻰ݺܶ࣬лɲΪЩûϵ½ǲݼش죬ⶼòĵ顣
֪Ľһͷ½֮˵½Ƿ٣½ҵ¡лǲ½ҵ鹣ʵûʲôϵһңֻҸ¡ҵ˼𣿡
½֮ˣ֣صĳŵ½Ԫлȸūͽ̡
˵һ
лпʼǸӡһʮꡣ





44.  ʮ   ̵Ρ

С·, ˮѾïʢԵĿˮݷïӡ
ǵ, ˮޡ
½֮лɲվһŵ, ʣȸūС𣿡
лɣǡ
ɲģͬһ, ʮ꺮
лɣԡ
ʣȸūǲٮٮߣ
лɣǡ
̾磺ȸū, ԩ

лȰûӮһ˵ѧԶ㡣ֻũѧһЩ, ο, ֻǸΪҵŮɡȵ½ɣر𡣡
½֮ͬ, Ҫ

л˵½֮, ꣬ƽ˳һ, ɽκҲһ˿ôȥھԷȥɽ粻ȥĴ󽭣ʮ󡢶ʮٻͷ, ͻᷢ, ЩеһС黳Щ, ǵľġк֪ܶҵ, ѭĵһ·ȥ

½ֻ֮ͲһʮŮɡ·̬ĳ
ʣȸūĵ𣿡
лɣ˺˵ġ
½֮ʡ

Щ⵽Ҫʿɶֹ
½֮ǴˣлҲʮСһЩǸ, ǴǰġСлɡԵͽˡ

ԳĬƬ̣лʣ֪ܷټơũĵĴֶЩ
½֮˵ȻԣҲһȸūÿɷʽͼֽң֪󡭡
лɰڰ֣Ҳ޷⸽ũǶѾѧˣǴЩ
½֮½۹ʽ磬֮
лһ

лЦ˵ʲô
½֮ĵ˵䲻֪ȸūʲôȸūػѰӿɱȣԶ
лɼ֮ǰİԹ֮ɫҲͲٽˣЦ˵ҵԸ̡
ĺɻĻٶѾˣ¶ͷο˵ʮĶĵأǽգ³Ҫġ
OO@@ζ½֮˵ҵרҳգһСӵס·ǲǸлСӡԪԶԶܱȵġԲԷƱǧ˰̬ţǼ⡣

½֮ŤͷĲվñֱ޶յɡ

лûвһֱڹ۲һȦ˵ûȥˣʱղˡ
½֮˵ģǸûȥˡ
˵游㡣游лǾѡ
лɲģЦЦӦˡ

Ȼȥλڿлɸ»ĻửͻЩֲֻͼ
λ˴Ǿ棬лɻʣɷ񽫻һݣ
ЩҶĵ룬׵ֲ
ִϣֻּˮʻ洦ɼ
ģ鷿бī⣬ʲô
½֮ڣ⹤Ȼġ

һֱ½ˣлɲų˿½֮ӣ½ײᱳ壬ǲ֪½ºлxôµ¡½ӡ

˶ˣлѺ͵͵˵㣬½δ𣿡
лɣǡ
лѲţһţ½¡
лЦ˵дд𣿡
л˵ҶͰ˵ˣҳˣ㲻Ҷֶš
лɱЦˣ˵û£óԵģԲԣ
Ц棿
л˵Ȼ鲻õʱ򣬳Եõģͺˡ
˳˵׼Եģԡ
ջ𣬼лɽлɶѾûƢˣ긾Ůëֱװװϡ
ֻҪ쵹Ҳʲôë
ҪƤûƤ죬ֱǲ졣

ҪΪлҪ˶ͣ³
֮ǰժɣض˹ӹ͵ı䡣

ժӻھ۽һЩ۽׼һͷ
æµ֮׸ʳ
Ѿˣڴӣ˵ȥһ硣ˡ
л˲ȥ궬챻֧Ŀ־壬˵취
һҪһҪȻһ˶ûСǾˡ

³εĵʣ㿴⵾ʲôûУ
лɿۣ˵ûִĵӲ֮⣬Ϊѡӣɸѡ絾ӺܲѮң絾Ӿոˡ
³ѪԼҪĶˡ

ڶһлʹлɣ˵ҪóԵġ
лɿЦʣƽʱԺóԵ𣿡
лѣǣµĺóԵġ
лɵóˮƤ֣˵򵥣ȸūϢһ
лȥ׼֭ƹѾ¼ˣվڲ԰￴һƬײˣ˼Ŷһ˺Ͷǣ⡣
ڶȽϲһƵĶ

ѻƹϺ֭׼ãƤѾ̺һˡ
ûֻͣʹ棬еζЩϧʤޡ
ƤǾ䣬ָʹԼԺɰ±⡣
緹ʱ֣Ƥɡ
лɳ˿Ƥûɵζܴ
ôã˸ʱɬϴ󷽷ģ޵лɣôģ
лЦ˵ǣܶ˵ǻ۽һġ
²ţ̫ĶԼġ

Ƥ˵ǸγǰϪˣˮ·ϻ硣
лɺʣô֪ģ
䣺ڿջ˰Բ֮ƹġ
лɣԲ

ֵ˵˵ŵʱ򣬾ȥʷƹģ˴
лֱ̾ģÿһÿһ£˼
˺°ƯƯⱾǸ˵ı¡

˲ԭڵǨһ䣬Űս˶ԷǸ̺۵׳˶ˣ
ս˲ԭҲӣЩҰ
ԷŸţȺǨ㣬Ӵ
ŻѰһϢ
̶ӵ˶Ż͵Ӫպ˵ϻһֱԳǿɺͽʦıܡ

ĸ࣬һֱͼͲ˽Ӵ
ǵصĺˣػԷĵһһҹ˵֧ˣսĴˡ治࣬ţƫࡣһֿܾǴˡ
˵Ǹյһ˳֣ıܷҪ򲻵ѣҪͻٳԿ
ˣһͻϮˡ
Ǵ׼

ɱβˣģɱ˵ġҪҶ¶ˡ
Ĭ
˵ǲԭҲֹ㣬ڲŽ˰ûҵȺ֮ǰš
Ӧ֪
ž׵ҹû˵






45.  ʮ   ˰̬

ڶ, Ϣһҹ˯ɫ, ʹ㱨Ⱥ﷢ūġ
۾ͨ, ʣǵıж𣿡
ֲ׼, ûԭ, ҹŻǣֻҪл, Ǿܰѹ·ϴһա

ͬܽ, Ǻ£һֱҪ, Ǻ, ߵĺͻѪƴسǽ, ͻˣסɱѾĪĿˡ
, Ⱥ, ǳ, ׼˿
˵ǵ߾裬ֱ, ʱҺͰȥ˵ϣмǲֳԼա
ȷʵ̬ͦȣжȱҪߺܶࡣ

˼Ƭ˵ѳٺãǲʱˣ׼̼򶫣ɲ׷Ҵ, ϡľˡϢ;ɻ

İһŲӦȥ׼ˣƤʶԼĥһ·İţȰսһ˳˼ʣɾ𣿡
ʣ֧ʲôֵĵط
գӦǾ򶷣ĸ̫ˡ
ǰ٣ǶϵǵĻˣǼɵݡ
˼Ƭ̣ʣǽôߣ
˵ļ仰װ׼ߡҪţ򻻣Ҳǻỻģǵ̫߲졣
ɾϢȥš

ڶһ磬Ѿװʮװųӣպ𣬴ǵɵĿ۴ü˳۵վһߡ
ˬ˵ĲףҪȥԭܲСɲҪǿɺ׼Ҳ͵͵ߡ

ǣȴ˵æʼδδдǡ
һ׳˶ļ⣬ͽˬ˵кѣ´кûġ
˼סֻ͡

ǹ񣬴Ͱջ˶ղ˵ɾµĲǵҰ̫ˡŸûߡǶӲͷ
֣̣صϣʹ˵⼸հϢҹҲǻͷ׷ǡ

˹Ĳֱϵı˵׷սߣ㿴Ŵ
̧ͷԶ̫һĪĻС
ֿɱ¾

½ҵߺû죬ԲȻ廪ׯϣ¬ҵɩɩרţǸ˵ûʱСžñǸԲʱ˺ܶ
л˲ڣտȺС򣬼Цʣʲô
Բת۾ʣл㲻𣿡
»˵ȥˡ
Сֱ飬Բټҵ䣬ﲻ̿ҲûôأĽɰ
оﳤС֪ٻ˼ҵ׹أֻǵѰԲ顣

лڵСʣ˭ģ
Բ廪㣬廪ġ
ǸС

лʣ˵û˵ʲôʱ
Բ˵ù˵ȥ׬Ǯˡ
˵Щûˡ

лɿôߵߣȥرȥϴţԲվڰ빻Ҷлָժ˶仨δĺɻ˵ȥڻƿЩˮվܿﶼ
Բûô򵥴ֱĲϲıһƬҶһ֧ɻϲ
лϴ˽ţҲһ֧Сϲĸ
ٲʶζ

﹡ϣũǣԲĶʣҵûˣүڸ˵ףҲϲлһ㣬˵ֻҪͿ
лɲʮ꣬Ҫһ·ˡ
˵ʲôǶʣ̫Сˣ̫ױ˵ҡ͸Ŀʣ粻𣿡
Բ˵ֻ˵粻ܳɼҡ

лһͷˮΪʲôܳɼң
ȻԲ֪
ͷлСɹţ˺ҶСͷС᲻úɻԸɹҲԸ¡
ȥԱĽɻŵԵķˡ
廪صĸæлɼûŮ澵ɣ´Ӧǽá
ʣʲôº˵

廪¹˵ ɾտЩׯȱǮ˾
лЦ˵ǵءʱҪ£ܰʱ

廪ȷĺ˵Ժ󶨻ޡ
廪ҶԴзǷֵ뷨̸һһֺ͸ǽԺȫͬĻ

г̣ע˶ڵȴţ޳ÿѲӪ󶼻Ϣ
Ϊרȥ˺û޳ֱӽ˽
ԴӴԭ󣬴޳̾Ϳʼһ׼ʱȥԭѰˡ
ΪǨ㲿ʱƫԭķ򶫶ȥ
ö˲ԭپͲˣôŴ˽ӡںĵͣ˼ա

˴޳̣Ƚ˽ӡ޳̡
˵ڳޣʹ޳˵شƺ̲͵֮ءȻɽϣ۹ĶͻˣЧѾ֡ɻ¿Ժúһ

޳̵ûôֹۣҲżȻģҪȻôòŲϼˡ
÷ɣǡ
޳֪ͣҲ֪õΣ̾˵̫ˣԼ˵˵ƾš޳̵ĶӡδõݣĶ͢ˣ͵Ρ֪û취ػԭ㾡ʱѰˣ˺Ľ磬֪ʲô³𣿡

òͬҡͷ˻ʡͲѰˡһƹδڳûһϯ֮ءҵǾãǴ󳹴ֻÿϧˡ

޳˵ǲǿϧüŴ˽ӡ
˵ԭĶ򣬲Σر֤ǰȫĻ
֪޳ˣΪ¡
ݵʱǰ˵ĸ統Ǻתʹ˳ݴʷλãҲˡ
ȷʵʽ

ֱø˵ʱ򣬴޳̲˵̫ˡ
⻰֪˵ģ˵Լġ
öԴϲıһ׷Ҳ׷һλԾѵϣʵԼļֵ
޳̼ûߣ̾ʣǾ²
ãҡ
޳̣ĶԲᣬ֪Ҫʲô𣿼֮޾𱰡Ǵɡ
òŵ̧ͷ
޳ʣ־ΪͿ׮׮ΪգԱ¶Գ͢η֮ģǻɱĸԴ
״޳̵ġ
һ̾л㲦

ߺ󣬴޳̿Ŵ޳̵˽ӡ·ѰǰǸӰӣȫǴٵʹˣһǹ
ֱ˵֪ݴˡ
ǰݵȥ˽㣬µ֪ͬ꣬褣ѧ³áЩִ֡
޳̽˽ӡȥͣľһöյĴϸݣһȫƾǼܳţʣ̶֪ӽ˲ԭ




46.  ʮ   Ҫ

޳֪֪, Ȼ֪˽ȥġ
ű˪һʣΪû֪һ
޳ʾ, ˵Ǵ̽Ϣ, ˴ݾߡ
Щ, ݺ᷽ԲֶΡ޳̲ƽ³ç, οһ߶ͻˣҲֻš
褶Դ޳мɵ, Ҳ̡Ϊ, Ҳˡ

Բׯϼֱֲ˼񣬵ڶһ, лѾڲ԰ĸڳ, Ҳѧˣлһ, һӽͷ׷лȥ, Ϻʣϣ
лɺǽֵġ
Բϲ𣿡
лɸ̾, ֲôаƭ, ôɰã̲ס
Ȼ, ʱѾˡԴ洢ٳԡ
Բһһ㶵ģû뵽
лɳݺ˳ߴ磬ɹĵطһ׵ů
³⼸ûʱ䣬Լõ, ȻѸǽĵطʱٺ³ϸ˵

ժ˲˳ʣʰʲô
лʰԲʲô
Բȵ˵Źǡ
лЦ˵׼ŹǣҵȻ׼⡣
Ӧͻسȥˣлɴ߰˵Ȼº˵
˼Ҵҵķźò˾ͳʣʲô£
лָָԶ﹡ƬҰտ𣿰ժһЩ
ԲҲҪȥлҲС͸øɵСﰮϲ¡
ҪȻվŰ

³ʱлѾůҪĳضˣ³վڱ϶ţʣô
лָ֦ųı߽˵һºǽҪգҪͨ𣬶ձůͿǽѵǴҪ빰
³ȴ˵кѣǷЩľˡ
лΪ˵ʱûô
ûϣͨѵġ

³۴֪Ҫʲôˣֻ˵գ׼Ҫʲô޸ĵʱ˵
лɵͷż롣
ʱ򣬴ѾǺˣⷽ޲ա
￪ʼɹĽЪɽһ飬Ǿܳǵĳ塣
ǲ˴ģʽ

³ܵ˲ǣʱ촰Դ򿪡
òͶǻۣԶġ
һɢˣ£糿ѾЩ⡣Բס˰£¬ΣԲϻȥлͶׯϣӹ˵ĸױҪƳټա
ԲһĸҴҵʰ𣺡л㣬´Ҫȥùˡ
лЦ˵ȥҽսһˡ
³Ѿůǽã⼸ʱľĻ³ִҪԼ
лȥ￴ڴֽϸɴϳǰϸĵĸ׼лڳƬʣµĶ˰ԲԲĨ˹ĳţ죺𣿡
лûԲһֱӣʶˡ
Ťͷ۰ԲԼûʲô

лҲţһֱ͵޼ңлϼ¬ҰԲЦ˵ȸū磬ԽСӻҵСɾˡ
л£ֻЦ

лϣӴ޼ҳлʰ䣺δʲô
ԥ˵Ȼǰﰢ㾭Ӫׯ԰
лʣׯ԰㻹ʲô
䱻סˣüֵĿһۣʣΪʣ

л̾ⶼʲô°
˵ļҳҳģ붼룬ΨԼҺӳԿ
лʣǰûδȢһʲôӣ
䱻ʵͨ죬ĿתĿһ仰˵
лɸоԼһ˵ӣϷҸŮ

ȳУϽЩ鷳׿һĲɹϺõϸɴ͸ȷʵãǼ۸ҲܸߣǸֱ
ձǮ˵ʵʵôֽմʱ򿪴ͨľʵݡ

еĸ㶼Ѿϼܣ±ͷϷ
ȥʱ˼ҵĸ㡣

Ͱȥ·ϣͻȻ˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱ
лʣȥ
ź˵Ҳǣһ˺ȥүĹ硣
лɰοлģ˵ȥ
ٺٵЦ

±оζһ㡣Ǳص±Ϊںζܳ档
лɿڣ֪ʲôʱܻڣ͵µˡȴ˽ǣյæµǽеϾʱ䶼ڲĴ
ڶл׼Щ±ƤġƤģġ̵ġ

ɨ˿¯лָŰº˺춹ɳĥ֥飬׼̵ơûǲһϹʵġ

±ûôѶȣȹ򶼾λƤãģӡãģ߶³ģɫܼ򵥡

õһ̣¯ȿһ̶ɳڵġ
лɳһζйоأʱµĸô塣Լͦϲġ
˶ѾܲˡлѶ̵Ƶļֱ֡

ƤŴ׷³ĥģһڣǲһĿڸС
ϲĻǺ֥ĿڸС
գɫ±ꡣ
лɵİţɫøֽлҲţֻ˵ŸһЩڵĺ񡣸ùöһЩ

ϲɳģġ
лɲð¬ҰԲһݡ
£˵ϲԣ֪˺óԵģġ
лĲ֪ʧǰģ鸴ӵ˵Ҳһ˵¬ڸɫ˼ҡ
һͣʲôû˵
лɻǸоˣε룬ôĲᴦָӵ⡣

Ǹû뵽ʱѰԲˡ
һĻдݺݺʹлߵһ͸

лɿԲЦվڰߣ˷ָܵźʹӨӨţֱ
վ˵ϵЦţ޲͡
лЦкȻȥժ
Բֻһ̵ȹӣģлܹԲﶼǳ˵˵㿾˺ܺóԵĸ㣬˵Ҷϲ
лɼֱŮִᵽˡ

׼±лҪ࣬Բϲÿһ±볢һ˵ôٲͳˡ
ŴŴ˵˵Ҫһֻ˹èҲҪ˹èˣ

ӨӨлͬͯ޼ɵ졭
лͻȻãÿһ˶ζ

ׯＸķ档һĵһ絾Ӿˣ³ԼżӶӣΪһ磬³ǽԺɹͼлҲոһĵճɲ³ոͲ׼лٶˡ
ԭǣ㵾õ㶯֡

ͼʣлõը˱׻Сϲл˵֣ʣµ³š
һһһյĵŴϢ
ĺɻߣһ·ܿ޷Ҳ½½ʼƻɽڣɫȷʵ׳ûдϢ






47.  ʮ   

лɵĵȴ, һձһսǡ
һֱ˾£Ҳÿܿ޷ڳյ̵һ, лȷǴ, ֻд˶ݵһ仰һˡ
ŽյĽǰȥ
ʼȫͶũҵҵȥˡȾѮ, ӹȿոʱ, лɵůѾɣֽ, ܴб, ʱ֮ʱɹǳá
ů¶ȷʵ֯ɵݾ, ڶϱ¡׵ůڶձϻҪЩ취
³˵붬Ѿһ, ʱ˻ǽͲ䡣

ӹҪ, лɽůĲʰȹȥ³³ӶѾӸ˶, ӹȴǽ, ڵһ, Ʒȷʵ
ӹȵƷַӲӳ伢ܲ
³Ц˵ճɲ, һȸūˡ
лɿգ۾˵ãǺǲһ
³Цĵ׵ճĺãҴˣϵصϵճҲˡ

лԺ˵괺һȽճɸá³һֺ߲ܳ͵֡ҡ
³ͷ, Ц˵ȸū
ȸūɾһ

ӹո³ǳЩ꿪ʼлɲ׼³һֱԴлɼƻɶָӶ
ԭ룬һ߻ӶũÿĶأЩ͹ԼԼյ˽³һ³ʣ˵˯һűסļҵ

οлҵӶͱȸڵĴũԣлǰչƸӶŹǮ
Ҫǣ˹һƬׯǲܰ
лĸֶҲҲͲǿˡ
ӹ꣬һյлxϢ
лxѶȫһ֮ٵʽд˷ӻ
лɿŷϿŲ֣еݲ飬вʲô֣

³ջȡŻһֱ˵ĵлɲš
лɲţֵǹ
ֻм仰Ҳд³ġ
³ҰãЩ̫ƽȥѰˣг̡
˳տɹ顣

лֻһͷ
Ҫꡣ

³ȴѾûлxˣлxҵܹҲϣҲǾĶˡ
лԥԥʣҲûʲôʱܻ
лѾлxӡˣֻŸˣҪ𣿡
лᣬϴЦΥĵ˵ԣ˵ջ
л˷֣ܵĽл̫ˣʱҶڡ
л治ĸҪǻĺҲ͵ͷˡſɡ

ûգյ˴ţ˻ݣٳûл
ڲԭ˽һǧյһкղĲ䣬Ļȫ
һ·ߵ;Уʱıƻգ㽫һڽԭµʱ򣬻˵һ򣬴ýʮˣͻغŶȺǰС
һڻؾ۾˵ĻһǵĽų̿죬ʮղ⡣ڶ⻰㴫ǶͻµĿԲͻʸǳʲô⣬ҵĲ롣һ룬Ҷܸ㵽ľ˲ԭһҵȥ֪Ĺء
µƿԡ

֤ɾʮաǧҰȻ͵̷׷ǡ
¡⼸Щ̫ƽ
һߣûҵ

ڰ˰Զ֮⣬ͻʱݴһͻܿ죬ƽϢǰˣöʮ˴ŰպͲȺзء

ԼŶʮ˺ͻȺŵļʮū򶫡ڴԼһǧ֮⣬˼ͻµðػأʱա
ʱѾ

лɺ˻ȥţŵ˱¶٣ﱻһ֧ͻɢһֱ׷ɱ
¶öʮ˴Ⱥֳ֧ȺֱԼżūﱼӣڲԭƴĶȦӣͻ˶ڻغ·ϣӵƣߣȻ

üū˼ƥȥԼʣµߣͻʵɢûмɣһɱ¾ѪȣɱɢֻǵԼһѻȻ֪ء

ʱͻΧɱʱ򣬽ŵļεѡ
żӣͻʾ׷ᣬ˻ŰɱĿŵЦŽڲԭ֮£ʼղˡ
û뵽ϻǳһ׹µþɳɱ¾Ѱ಻סһǹնɱ˼Ǻ

ɱʱͻʾɱ˸ɾԾòޡ
һѪۣһϢĴҧأƲѡиʧټ
û뵽ԼôԶ
˻ĵڣֻһ˲Ҫͻ

ʱѾݵĶˡ
޳˽ŴϵĴһ͸˼ιǣһܶ׹ȶˣұһˣɼǡС˲

ĺ˽˸飬һһʮ˵ǲڰ˰֮⣬ͻ˳ͻǸͻ˲ˣǲһֻ֧ʣ˶ʮˣͼʮū·Ϯɱ˴ȺУһ·ͻˡ

޳֣ʾ˵ˡ
谵ĵ£ԾĵƹԵЩС޳Ѿһգ򲻸˵աʱ
޳̶Ŀ˰ΣҲֻ˵ʱٹһҩ
һƬž

ǰҹģֻ۵ڰиоԼ󣬻ˡ
ҹ˼ɾˡ
Ƭ̣޳̾ͽˡһװûжף΢ʣʲôʱˣ
޳̶۾˵ʱչ
Ц˲ԭǻŻˡ
޳ʣЦʲô
Żˡ

Ĵ޳̰ŭ⣬Ѫɢż֮ˣİζ
üȥˣ¹ֱӽͻ
ͻʱ˻ûѡ
ҲֻǴҴұ˳ˡ
˾䣬ʲô
ڳˣ˭Ҷһ䡣

û˵½½ͻһǧƥ
޳룬ǵɽµǳˡ

ɵĻ۵̣ü˵ҷ
޳վڴǰ룬Ҳǲ
ϾǸףɥκ˶̵ʹ

̵˽СķűӣСڵк޳̣л˵
޳ܾ̾ʲô˵
۵˯ţ޳̵ӣҲǲ׼˯

󣬴޳̻棬Ӷţʣδʮֻ꣬Ҫʱ䣬ϣȱҲ֪ͻĲһٵǺ½ǽ
޳ʣ㵽˵ʲô
Ե˵Ҿ常ˡ޼ߵĶɡˣ޼һ͹ˡǰĴѾˡ
޳һʲôû˵

һǴ϶˵޳һ仰û˵
Ҳֻ˵ˣ£ɽĲݳܡ
һϲл״ʡ

һϲŭ
һ䣺˾˾˼ҵ¡
޳޿̣ͷֱˣ˾Բס㣡浱壬ǧ٣СӵģҲڼңǷĲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ףͻȻģ޳վ޶ɷ




48.  ʮ   

˽˻Ǻص, ڶ޳˻ȥ¬š
Լ磬ҪȻδĸȢˡ
ż, , ֢, ҹ, ֻû۵, Ѽ㱼޳վڴǰ, ΢ʣ¾Уǰȥ, ǿ, ҴŸ˵ҶԲ

֪, ˼մ޳̾˼գֱմ˵յļɾǰȥˡҲܴ⣬ʱιҩСš
޳߬ȭ, ζûɿ, ֻ, ü۾ͨ죬ȴ˿, Ȱ˵ȥϢɣڴغ򡣡
޳˵ˣ̱ҡ

״ȶˣű֪ˡ
˶𣬼͸Ҿ֪ƽ޹ʺҺȾơ
۵ɲס, ˵ȰҾһ˵ҿɻˡ
СںߺıԹҪҡξͺˣܳȥŸ硣
ģֱ֣ԭܺҽȥ𣿡
һֵļƣҲ죬ѵһʱ֪Ĵ󶼿ڲԣҲǣ֣ôһȥأ
˵ţ޳̾վſڣȿæ˵Ÿˡ
žǸĹϵԵˣ̾ǣ

ס
Žͷʹ޳
޳ǸĬԵˣ˵ͼ֮л˵ʶȤıܿˡ޳̶Ŵʣôˣ
ʣҵأ
޳̣ڡ
γڶʱ̵ȴšԭһں˰ºЩˣҲѾݣ˰á
˶û£ν˵Ǿͽи˽Щ¡
޳ʣ¬˵ʲôˣ
ش
޳ʣ˵ŵʲô
¬ŮɺҲʣһӣƽȢ˼ңǺ𣿡
˵Ļ޳һֶš

ʲɣ׵ȷʵЩˡʱϣ˵Ҳ˵ˣЩ
ˣ˾Ҳ⡣Բˣһһݷļױ
޳Ŀһۡ
޳ȥ¬ţǸţݴЩʱա

ȷʵһں׵۳ңȻ˿šȺһٶūЧ
Ĳ¶ģõĻ˵ɵԦ֮ڶ֮¡ȶߡ
⻰޳ŵġ
һҪɽϼ꣬ͻԴԴϵսʱ˵һˡ
û뵽޼ʵһӣȻ˲ʹˡһִٳɵġ

޳ʣýתҵĻյˡ
˻ˣе㲻ˣ̧һۣ˵ŶǾһ˵ҪȻ򷢲߽
޳˿ֻ˵֪㲻һ˵
һ㲻˵ҾͲߡļơ
ʱû˵Щںֵ£ҪȫƾлΪֵ£һܳɼġıܴ
޳̲ݣ˵ݵ£ڲܸ𸴡ҲҪꡣұ֤ݵһҪĽ
޳̼棬ͷȣֻϢɡ

ڶգ˲ŷ
γʱ޳£ɿڣ׼޳մ֡޳̵ҲԵӦңҲˣǰγ壬γ幧
޳̼γƫפ㲻ˡ

γ˴ݵѹǣЩԽܣιڵϲ
Ц˵˵˲׼Ƕ£ҽտûǮ
γ彫ڴϣػɾԼһ˷գԼء
ȴ˵Ī໰ˣȻǵϣǾ͵ҵġ
γͣҲ˵ɾԸĻѾ͵ǻš
ִ򿪰ֻһš

ţָûд򿪡
ʶγ壺ôˣ
γʵ˵տʼסҪȥ㡣Ρ⼸˵ˣʵˡ
ε˵ȥ˵Һֻһҽһ궼ҪؾҪˡ
γ幧Ĵ𣺡ǣһȥת
̫ãϵ˻ۣ˵չ˺ǵˣһ·עⰲȫֲЪһ̡
γɫƣ룬ǣ֪ˣɾģٹɾЪŰɡ
˵ֳ޳񣬹˳ˡ

ȶγһߣʣô
޳̲˵ô
ȴ˵Ҵɣûй»Ϳˡ
޳̲˵ӦҲ˵Ӧʣʲô˵ţ
߬ţ֪лɸģȴ˵ϵ¡
޳Ŀţʲôû˵һ󣬾ôˡ

˹ĴţĿĿţлǸ侲ˣıʴӵ߹ܶطоܶطҲʮֵʷ˥ıȻԡǾҵҵģ
ĺãһɽŮԵƷʣܶ඼ǲ֪ġ
ҫһַˣͬҲһ
ֵοǣôõʱ䣬ںˡ

лһֱΪ£ڵŻصúܼʱû롣ºյţ֪ûܻ

лɣԭ֮УԽҡѰȻݣЩСˣ¡
ɽָտɴ
ϧݲׯʡ
ݵɫҲɫԭʢʤգӦò̫Զܴȥݳ೵ƣһϲ
´֮أָҿҪƥ⡣
иĻз˵Ȥ´ƣݺصμȥġ
Ҵǰϲճֿܾܡ
ȴϲ䣬Ҿƽ޲

ҿܶطճ䣬ҲʶƸµȨζƺ̵ķ
ϲģϼ죬ҡҡΣ£ġ


л˽ǣ˵ǣϸţЩ
˼飬룬Ǹø֣Ҳ֪ƭ˶Ůӡ
ֲֻԼˣؾᣬ˵Ļ˵˸ɾ˵ֻδᡣˣлҲֻһ䡣

ΪĻžдӲˡ
Ѿһ£ɣٺ˵
Ҳ붬Ŷһܻܿ޷ѾˣҵĵһֺҲѾ졣
ֵ괺գҪǲҪҾˡ
µĵһģڶ꣬һҿ϶ûôʱ㡣ũƾҪнҪܶꡣ
ˣǲ˵Ͳ˵ԺҲҪ֪
ܣҾ档
ҵĸչҵʱһЩ
ףտ

ʮսѾȫ⣬ѿļϵ˳ٳûϣ۵Ȼǲܻ޳̿׼뿪벽
γ忴ĵʮգˣ׳Ĳԭˣ˴ģۣ־һΣڵûбɾԸܳͷ
ʣʲôͷ
չڵϲ
Щŭֱ޲ɼգ㵱ʱǲߣڲԭ𣿡
չִĲ˵ͬĹ硣

˽˺ܾãû취̾˵
̧ۿǰˣʧѪְ࣬չأһȦ۾ͻأʵ
΢΢Ц˵ǶܻŻ¡ִҪ£Ҷʱûо¾ͽ㣬̶ӣɫʵ˰ɣɽںҪסˡ
汣֤ɾˣЩ½Ҿͺá

̹룬ӵڵôֱ
պһĵַĵַмѡĵطʱò׼Ͱһ磬ȷ˵ַʣµİջȥ׼
㰢ȡݰɣһ˳ԺݡǺܳκ©𣿡
һµı֤ͻȥ׼
࣬ҲЦ˵ҲôСұϾݴʷĶӣվǱƽּ̼򵥡Ժκ£ֱȥҶᴦġ
ղԭ򣬴ôԸô졣

ûգյлɵţʱڴͷţֹһСлȻǶŭˣǸƢˣƢͷˡĳлҪǿ⸱ӣᶢ˵ͣ

лɵƢûкùӸ
Ҫ˵ϧǸϧˣͣûҪӢۡʱҲҲ
һԲĪľ飬лȴûʱ룬Ϊлxĵڶˡ
εĺϸʲôʱܻһһʺ˼ĳԱлѡ
д³ģлx³ĸͨͲһ
лһңסڳլ˵Ӧøлxţлxֻδлһҡ
˵ձػԺŻ᳣ס
лɿţĵ³׵˼ǣ
³˵˵ɾٲúϱˡ
л룬ҲŸһ꣬˾ծҪժˣ





49.  ʮ   ե


Ϊյлx, лɵߵͣһڶͻĥлxǸʲôˡ
ůֳ˶ˡǰ³˻ˡյĲ˼ֱۣӻ, ž÷̻

³պ, ͽůﶥһ㡣Ҳڿ, ÿնǽӾͨ, ָʵů߲˳öܲ
лɾǾñˣ·, һһա
, ôȥлxҪǻôô, û޳ȥ, һ嶯˿ô
ÿæµжڶ롣

һ£յ, εžдĳϿҶˡ
лɣ׻ȹۣж׹ұס
ֵ, ҲЩ, һ, ƹռ齻¶࣬æ, 廪ȥ㡭

дʵɵǳθڣлɶҲûƢ
лɱлxҵ£˵ôЩ£Ҵǵҩĸȥ복ǿˣջûк, òҪ·
ֱļҳԴƮһ㶼Ρ
ԴǼȫǾ棬żŵв

ݵֱᣬһߵлx£һֵĴҪˣ²мô죬ϾҽޡҪ밲ȻٶЩѡ

ʮ¶æµжȹպӣͬȴյӿ˲ɵ档
³ѾϲˣΪ˰֮󣬰лɵҪ׼ӶⲻɵҪϸʵׯճɾбˡ

лɿο³һ꣬Ӧܸǰ׾ӡ
³üʣ⼸ջ˲١
л˿⣺㣬ʣµľͶȥȸܱߵũǼҹˣż
³رϲǴı
ɾ
лůæ˰£ůޣֵĶҲޡѲָĺСһЩ
˿ʼָܲĻָ࣬Ÿɻ˶ûƢҲûˡҲǱˬӰ쵽ˣЩϸϸë˺ܶࡣ
żСժӰѾɣһ죬Ǹմضһ

ܿ޷Ļںܳһֱ붬ʱ򣬲½½лˡ³ܸʲôлո˲ѣ֥һӣ֥飬ЦлԺĲЦ˵Ҫȸūʲô

＾˻ʱлһǣźϵˣﵹ˲רͲ˻κûоҲûжᡣ
ׯ԰ûгɹģܳһũԼµĿ꣬ũҵһɳ飬Զƽ졣
ѵѹեϷ֥Ѿˣÿ¯֥鱡ѾܳˣлɵĲѻԺ

ե͵ĹʵǷʱ򣬴йŷե͵ĴͳسѾûˣǴ˻ǻἯʮ˹ե͡
ʱ򲻶ΪʲôȥسǻǮӵ£Ҫʱ
Դǰú治¶ˡ
㣬ҪһһἸĴͳһնɣǴഫĽϵļĳֺ͹ҵҲÿһ֮˼ĳ
ܷǧǰȴҲҪͬͬ
ڵ֤ݡ

żեͣ³ǸӵȲīѾɸʣʰš
եͷô׵ġ
лɼȵż˵ȳ죬Ȼĥĥɷۡ
³Ц˵ե͵ľҪʲôȥ׼
л˵ңҪһһΧľ˼죬һ㿴¼á

͵ĳһˮ룬֮ŵĴݡ
ϧīͣʶ
ѧӣǴĻʳһɻȱҪý顣

ɸߣϱֵľѵ³ֱҵ˼ҵ˽ׯ԰Σγоӣټ࣬˵вʫˡ
³˼Σ˵
лѾƳե͵ĸܸˣϽʾˮ֣³յ˵ҵľ˼Ҳ
лʣطû𣿡
³ҡͷҲ
л룬ֻź˵ٵȵȰɣҲż꿪ʱ˵׼

³ֹ۵˵ѣⷽԲʮĵؽ磬кӣҶ
лʣǣȥʣľԺãľϣҲȷвС
³Ҫȥţ򣬶ȺɱѾҺң¶ҪɱҪ
³ֵˣڲԭϣǸɫũл롣
û뵽ûգлˡ

³һǣ³ȥڲ￴ۣллտŵ꣬лϲʣׯʲô£
лɣû£ҽЩ˳·
ׯﲻǰٻ󣬻ۣɫʻɫ࣬Ҳ١
лɿۣŸղ·ſĺ³һ˽꣬ζһ㣬ҿ϶⣬

ǿˣ̫ޣһ㣬ܲ
ˣҪһź⵹û٣һ˲٣һ˼Ŀ
ľˣŲЦЦһ㶼⣬˳ʣζºֻǷ˻򡭡
лɾȵĿ룬ֵܣҳӵİɣ
һʱû˼ֻǿ

γоӱûע⵽ļ˵Щ֪ԷûлͷϸϸƷԷ˾Եͻأˡ
γоӵ˵ĳû˼ֻ⣬ζ紫ŵǰ㡭

лĆЦ˵˺ʳܼáȷʵһ㣬޹ǵˮݺˮʱһҪ㣬Ũ㡭
γоһԻϵģˡ
лɼ۾γоӵ˵λɾҲ֮ͬˣγоӣ֪ɾ

Ի׽ѣл²ۡ
ûн³˵γоӺǰ뵽һ
Ҳûܾ
һ̼֣ס⡣
γоʣƬܿ޷ʤ
л룬Իձŵ㣬žˡ
Ƭܿ޷ĳֵġ
γоȷʵˣ񣺡ĳʧˣͬרȥ͹Ǵʤջׯϵʳнʱδü
лɿ˵ǲʱӭ٣ҿԱ֤Ҫζ
γоԽͲס

û뵽ڶһ磬³лɻָ޹ǣǰԺﺰ㣬ˡлһֵͣʣ˭
γоһɫɫƵԲۣǣվԺ￴Ц˵ɣҲˡ
лɾƬ̣ΪԻ̾Ц˵ӳʱҵƬ̣ʳͳڵ
γоӴһīлԶ֣ҲûЩأſʰ⡣





50.  ʮ   

е, ʣµ⣬һȻ⣬һŹǡ
ûг˵ʱ, ԳԻһ˺
, ǰһڵ̫, һϸϸܾݴ
Ų, лɶ
γоӿϸϸ˿, ûа, Ũ㣬ϵܾݴζк֬͵, ζˬ, Ũ
γоӶлɵֱ֡

лɼϲؿ, ʵܺ㡣ˣϲԷ˳Ե㡣
ȻƹȥȻ⽲һۡϺȻĴ
γоӳ˿, ֻ, һ⿼޵ʱ, ˵ζûƵġ
ǴŹǵĿڸУγоӳŹ, ׷û
лֻǰÿ궬ôġСѧգ˵һʧ

ӶǷ³ڼտţպ붬Ͼʱ̡γоǸˣ, лָ⣬³۶״γоӺʣũׯܾӪʲôģ
лɣ֮ܰɣⲻ˵
γоӸпɵǻķա
лɿЦ˵ʱˣ￪һ˽˾ֻӴѡֻźûʱ䡣

³˵⼸ľ£ɸ߼ȥһá
лɲ˼˵Ǿɣľǿ϶Ҫġװڿⷿڡ
γоӺʣҪľҵС
лɺܾҪľҪ֮⣬һ˺ϱ֮
γоӾʣĪǰľ

³ȵʣλټˣ
γоЦ˵ʲôˣ֪ҪҾ͡
лֻɺ̫ͻȻټγоӣ˼̹¡
ҲƭˣЩ˵ллɣֺͰүںϱߣڼտҵʧˡ
˵Ÿ˸Ů
γоӾһĿ
л̧ͷۣ㣬룬𷴻ڲǿľ˰ɡ

γоӵЩֻ⣬ССŮɣδҲ̫ˡ
־ᣬһơ

лɼǿŮӣջ˵ľҲΪ˳ʳʱʳֱʤ
һ˵ԣγоӾ
䣬³˵ڶȥ

եͷĺм䣬ãǧʯ֧ܣ˴ͳĸܸϵͳ
եǸһեô͡

³ǸӶڿⷿѷۣڳ
ѷƳɱȻ󽫱Ͷե͵ģʼᣬøܸбս
ڳ˶ûмֻ֪Ÿɡ³ӱ峺ϲлɣ𣿡
лɰڵָմһ㣬ĨЦ˵ˡ

ڵķʮӻӺ꣬䲻֪ʲôǸǮģû˻᲻
³˵Ǿˣȥæİɣտ
лɺ˵ҪӶ˻̫ˡȴʿܲЩءեͷ˾ͲֵͣĸӸҪ˴һ˲æù
³ҲЩǿοлɣⲻ£ղ˵еˡ

лɼ˵㿴Űɣ궬ֵĶ࣬ҿܲһյׯڣֶ󡣡
³ʣжֵ֣
лЦ˵ҪԣȻô֪֡

һٽѣեʮͣʲߡлɿ۲³ռһ飬ܳͣե֮ûˡι㣬ţ򡣡
³죬ʣȸūϵؼ𣿡
лѶ˲ճص˵Ͽġ

ò档ֲ͵ζƽͣ綯֬ôŨǸźûҵûܾܾ

һոĲٽĲѣл᲻ôһԵĻ꣬ե˲һ롣
³ͣҲò
лΪʳͣžһըըţըһпը⡣
ȫûвϲģ
죬лҪȥ㣬лһ˽أһȥˣ˰㣬ѾصˣлԼҪæ˵㣬˵ϲ㣬֪ʲôʱ
лЦʣôˣ
лѣܾöûмˡ
лЦ˵žͻʱ򶨻㡣
û뵽л̧ˮͰԶԶԺглԶԶϲʣ㣬ǲǰүˣ
л˵ѻϰɡ

߽ˣԺûˣл˭ˣ
ſڵˣ˵һˡ
Ѱķ·ֻǽһˡ
һЩۻûãŹȣɫӿɣԵ˸ˡüһºͺƢ΢΢Цſ

лͻȻȣβ˵ʣûˣ
ð
ˣ
ϡ
ٸԡ
ľˤȡ
лթɵĿʣݵʳθΪʲôôࣿ
΢΢Ц˵ţĲóԣҲ֪ҲϲĲˡ
л˵ˡ
˳ˣġ

лѼɫÿˣϲ˵ڻˡ
Դ˵ȥջ̶ЪţȥЩϲĶ
лѴͷͳ˵ҽ׬һٺóԵġ
Ц˵ȸūá

л㣬ɱˣȥվ߿ɱ㣬Ц˵ô䣬ҾҲɱ
лͷҲ̧˵ǵȻɱֻҸҸ
˼˼룬˵Ҳȼ
лʣ㰮ʲô
ͦõġ
лɹԣǲУлѵģҪա
һǲҲɡ

лŤͷĿһۣЦˡ
ʣô
л˵ΪʲôǿƲס̶̲ס
˺ܾã̾˿˵ͦõġ

Ȼй˵û£֮Ҳ᷸ˡϵҲȥˡ
лһѪ˵˵ɣ㸸ַգǼҶľ֧ȥȥһǻȥҿ
һ̫ƽ£ҪȻôԲԣ
лŤͷһۣ˵һ˵Ҿ
ƢЦţЦ˵û£ҲߣҪɡ

лɰ춼˵ϴɾ˳ȥлɽɼݣɰʣµĺա
һ룬ͷ㣬㻹ʲô
ڿεЦɰ
ԣ׼
лɽ㰲ڹʣʲôʱģֻһˣ
ȥջȥˡ
лȶˣʣݵ°ٺˣ
ˡ

л־һ࣬ԹΪʲôȲҪˣûпظãһȾ·һ
εЦͲҵã
лоݵ˵ΪҪǧ˵ңͲҪôϵ飬Ĳʺ㡣





51.  ʮһ   Ϊʲôܳɼң

лɵ߼һع, 군ˣҲʧϾ, ȥůժ, лɻͷ, Ƭ, ʣĻ𣿡
΢΢Цţ߽, 쿪˫, ͷЦ˵л, Ļˡӭһ°ɡ
лԥ˼, ߽ĺӵ, Ѿ꣬лɸһأ£˫۾ܽʵʵıڻ
лƵ˵, ӭܾƭ, ߵͻȻ, ҲͻȻ˵赭дȴ¡˼̫, ʼղ˽㡣

Ĳף޳Ϊδ궼ݽں߶һҵŹµأͼҪس
޳̵ƢȫˣƢ, ôΪԿͷ
ε˵ҾǸˣң쾭¡αضŭ
޳̲ŲЩƨ
֪ĲͨͿʼʹɱﵣﶼǸ棬£ǸɢˡҪżСǡȵܵǹ˿ƿ״ǰɡܲΪǰ̣ͲܼˡƣܲסǰҰСǡ˵ˡ
޳̹汻һ仰˵
ֱݳǣû

ǴͣȥһҪĪҪ֣붬ҪСܺϼˣ˴˷θҪ£ûУ
ͦϲĴ磬οסˣҲأվʹȥɽ
˵ҲЦ˵ȥɣ˳ǵøױţҲ·иʧ
ס


ĽŲлɸϽſͷ˵ǱߣҶ
䷢죬ЦԹȥ
ʣǣ
лɻͷʴȲ˵ǣ
ʣʲô
лɣûû֣Ǹ貤˰ɣ㳢ֵס
˳Ļʣ׽ճô
лɽ˵ϵصϵճһ³ܸˡࡣ
ʣأ
лɳ˵ζŤͷָ
ճɣֵֻ٣Կʲôĵط֮Ǹˮ롣һôҴһ
˵Լĳɹü۶ɷġ
ʱıģҲȥ
лɻͷĿһۣŤͷȥʢȥˡ

˱˳ײ⡣
лɽ˸ű˿ڣ㣬ƤĽ㡣ĳɳ켣Ҳ̫ǿӲЩһСֱʲôܶᡣ
лɼԱֹ˵˵㳢ҵס
ôţһҪһʱ䡣Ҳȥ
лɺʣﲻ𣿡
пͣҲ
лɼ࣬Ҳʣֻ˵аɣҲûʲôˣʲôԼ˵ɡ

˵ţżСĻԺＸСЦ֣Լ˽ж
л̽ͷȥһۣԹôණ
θ˵˵ڴĲ˹ҵһҾһϲ
лɺʣʲô
佫ֿ˵㣬ָˡ
лЦ˵ҿˡ

˵ųȥĴӷ˼װš
һʳָĸɺ˶ŷ˵ϲãлѾȵʣ㣬ʲô
лŸɴЦ˵ǸöԺǾ֪ˡ
˳˷ܵ˵Ҽֱˡ
ĿûҲ廰ĬĬͷĲˡ

Ц˵Ϊ
лɳϿҵĵͷ֮ҡͷĴ̲סԴ
Ҳ˲ϣ˵Ыӻòã
Ҳˣͷá
ʲôνҲؿˡ

һʯлһⱦʯĶ̽
ʲôûлʣʲô
лɷԸȥᣬȻ֪ˡ
ʵûж٣ֱ᲻óԣüٽѵͰ˵ôҪŲ֣ǧܳˡ
ȥˣ緹ʱһһϣףȷʵǲƽԭɣʱ˰а취ˡ

ʱ뵽İ취ıصסεĺƽԭľѵطʱлɵǽȥܱ֤ݾ㣬ͻ˾Ͳв

ֱ̨һӶЪϢлɼʣôˣϲȻ⣿ûԳԡ
Ц˵ô󡣡
³ʣ̫ƽ𣿡

ֻݣûߣ˵֮Χѽ⣬̶ͨ
³ǵ˵Ҳֱ֮ƽϢˣӦǰܻ
Ťͷлɣѯ
лʼ磬ʾҲǸô

³˵뿪ݶ꣬ѲʶǺŹҴͨҪ
˵̾

οھפأԸΪġվǻ̫ƽģٹ꣬˵׼Ҳܻظߡ
³ЦЦֻЦ

ȴˣʴܴһ𣿡
Ȼ
¿۰䣬һ㣬ŤͷֻǵͷԷ޷ӦҲĵͷ
лɿϵˣֻøǸ˵Ķ

ȷ󣬴ط䡣
лɺǼҰԲԺ޸ʲô˼ң
ԣʵ˵Ȼǣ䣬Խá
лüʣʲôëô߸ʲô
ʣôˣ¬ΨһһŮ¬Ȼ޵úһ㡣ҵν޵ĺãҲ޷ǾǸһݺصļױһЩⱲӹúá
лⶼЩ˼ˡ
סˣʣôԲˣ
лʣǼң䣬ô
˰Σʣ
лɵͷֲļҳĸо
ʣˣ
лɣ֪ҲûãҲҾţԲ԰Ц仰٣ǸͳԵġĳǵ
Ƴһۣ˵һȥһʣǰԲԸģһ취
лʣģ
˵ʮ֪꣬ʲôѽԼûף£СӰԾͱƭˣҪǹ˶ʮ겻ˣô죿
лɱסˣȻ˵ҹ治ʺҳ̫ˡ
Ц

ֺҲǲܣԲʮ֮ޣͶˡһȥ¬ҵ˼ǲŵڣͰȥϹŰѧϰӶƤ£˴
л۾һҲԣ仰٣ἰʵ֪ÿνǶȥԲͳԵģǴᡣⲻƽȵĵطǸɿĺӣֻ³վռ˸ū֡лxлx³ǹׯȶˣ³ظݰɣҷʱʱݣ͵ˣ˼硣

įȶ˵û£һһֱ㡣
л˵ͻȻԲ˵ĸ˵㲻ܳɼңΪʲôܳɼң




52.  ʮ   

Ŀ, ζû˵
лΪʵʲôʵˣãȻʣ˵
ǡ
лɼʣΪʲôܳɼң
ⲻ̫ܲãʲ˵ܲȢʮĸ
лֵ˵Ҳûй˶ʮŮ, и˶ʮŮ, Ϊɥ˻ڡз, ʮһ, 㻹һꡣ
Цллİ
лɣҲءҪǳףһһݴ񡣡
ɽһ, Լǿס׼ʲô
л˵ʱ򿴰ɡʲô

ڲɼ, ʣţС, ҲǶ԰˼ġ
лɣĿģôô, ʲôܿģ⿴˼̸

лɼں, Щ˵ȥڴͷϡ
۾һ, Ťͷ, лûʶŮб, ֻǵ岻С
ʵķСߴʹ󴲲࣬Ҳȷʵվ̫á
лɵĴͷ, лɲˣЩ˵ҼֱĵİΣҪֹΪѰٻҲ¶԰䲻һ㡣ҲðǸ, ܺ˽׼ңǸë̫ˡ
ϸϸıԹЩ޸ϵ£档

лһ˱Թ˺ܾã˵̧ͷͼĿתĿ
ͻأı죬˼룬Щڵʣ㿴Ҹʲô
ʣʲôʱ£
лҲԼĸ̥˵ǵˡ
ʣУ
л£ҪǸġҡͷ
ʣУ
ΨһϲڸУԷس꣬󳹵ʧȥϢҲˡ

˵ˣʣ
лҧгʣ㶢Ҹʲôֲ谭飡
Ц£˵ǿ˵

лɷ㷿ȥ˯
ҴҸϳȥˣ˸ϳȥˣͺˣһû˵Ǳ÷ëﲻڡ
Լɣǰ

˷䣬ûлɱŴͷ˵ʱòðɡ
ˣҲϹˡ
л̫߳ŭˣ˵ûʲôǰֲˡأ
ڿϣͷݶǰ·ǰôԶˡ
Ұϲһʮ꿪ʼʮꡣɢˡ
лʣΪʲôɢˣ
̫ĵط̫˰ɣɢˡ
˵ģɣлûᵽ˼ź˵汯ˡ
˵Ҳûʲô˵ģɢ˾ɢˣ𣿡
лֵ˵ʲôãѲ㣿
ĿЦ
лɿЦԼҲĪЦ





53.  ʮ   ҾǺòһŮġ

л, Ѱһ̹Ȼʣҽɣ˵ʲô, ܲҵһĿȻ, 㵽ʲôĶһ֪⡣
ڴ, Ц˵˽ʲôֱҡ
лɣδ, ҽɣ˵˵Ժľ

ѾǾѧѧ, ⳡʵѾѧ, ˵˵ͻˣҴ꿪ʼ, ⼸, ʶ˵˹Ҳʶ˵, Ҳ˲ȹ, Ҳ˾ȹ׬Ǯ, ǮҲСȥȥ, īʹҲͽ
лʣأ
, Щ˵ʱֻǾ仰ʱһҼĮգҲճĽҲԭ֮Ĳʳ, ʮɫҴ󶼼ʶ

л룬Ǹˣܰѿ۾ľɫľʾסǸˣԲ˿˵ǿɰġ
Ļ㣬ǾҲǾƣġ
ͬС鿪ʼ;ҵҵһһǶƣ£ûһϸ

лľƬ̣ʣûΣ𣿡
ЦЦ˵Ļȫͬǰû˼伲࣬˶ˣͳһֻҺƶ˴Ҳͳ͢Ȩƣͷǻ켣һо̻ȴҾ̤ʵľҲˣѧ˴ȱ׬ǮȻΪ˻øһЩҲˣվǸˣ˲ͬлɣҪǣҲҪǿֻԼöԵ飬þͿˣȴ˶Ҫ㣬Ҫ֪һ㡣
һĸˣǷ绪ïͣһȵĹӸ磬˫۾ȴʢ˷ѩûһ

лҡҡͷ͹۵˵οңһ㶼͹ۣ㶼Զ㣬Զ׼¡ֻǸרҵЩˣطƽƽ棬ҾǮˣʵҲɧǿũҵλǱȥˣ֪ԭ򣬵ΪҲˣڻ㹤Ǹдʦ˵ģũҵõĹ޻ҪعأƶᣬǸûʲôϸˣ˴һҲȤɡЩԳЦЦ

Ե˵㲻֪ʱ򣬶
лɵ۾Щõˣ̻˻ʣ˵˵νԭ㾿ʲôˡ
治ɫѣֻǾˤˤȡ
лɿݳִŵʣ㲻˵ǰɣ˵ˣҲˣȥ׼
˵Ҫߣ˰֣˵Ȼһ׼
лɱץסץ˰ѣͻȻϵİ̺ۡ
ͷ֣ǿӲۿӣֱʳָһˣأĵطµƤǱԵĵط軹ûелɿֻ̣ճȭʣ˵ʵ׻ˣ

ϣⶺ֪
лɵֲֲ塣
Ц˵ϻвˣҪ·ˡ
ƶлɵﲻֱЦ
лʣֻǲ𣿡
֪Ц˵㿴֪𡭡
û˵꣬лֱӰǿǰ¶ǰİ̺ۣûлع

ϵļᴩ壬ǰصĵˣϵ˿ڻšлɿŲ˵ֻǾĿţʣݣŻģǲǣ
ˣ˵ãۿžͻˣβ׷ɱסˣұ֤δʮ꣬ȥˡ
л۾ˣ˵ѹ⻰ҲţҲš˺ͱ˲һǻϢҲϲ滰ԺñƭңƭңҲ֪
Щʧ룬£·æ˵ûΣˣɽ£Ҷûˣⲻͻ𣿡
лɶĿ֪Լϲˣ־ϲΣա
ϲһˣͰĸ鶼˶ԷеĸйٶᱻŴָо̿֡

˵˯һɣҳȥȷ˽㡣
ܾٺӣͨˡ
ε˵ȥɡ
лɳǰ˯ãųȥġ
ɸʣлɿʣ˵Ȼ֣ࡣ
ԣʣȰһ𣿡
лҲͣ˳³Žô֡
лʣǰ޹ǵЫóһ磬ٺóԵġ
Ц˵յĳʳǺóԵģ
׼ϺܸӣлЦ˵εĸһЩ
ĻӰʼ¹һУȻĻ߲˺ⶼ׼ãһڳ
¸ߣлɿЬʣģ
ʱûʱôˣľ˵ǸģҰ˵سǿ硣

лʣȥ𣿡
˼ƬʣҲԻȥ𣿡
л̳Ц˵ȻֻҪѹãûôĹأȥͷ㼸٣ȥˣٻ
±Ьڵл

һ˯˺ܾãл;һμûѣҲûдţһ
ĺɫ𣬻Ѿ׼ˣлƿŽ
˯˵ڡ
лЦ𴲳Էˡ
һ˯ṳ́ʵҲǵһμ˴ǰμչʱİ칫ңվڴǰԶɽ
ﶼû֮ǰֽٵĻźͲʡ

лɱ߸ƣ˵Ҷû뵽Ȼûеĵطôãɼֿܡ
Ц˵ʱ򣬺ְܻ̿ɣ
лЦµҪҪȻʱҲ㣬˶ͬܵĲ
˵·˵ҵЫӻܽˡˣܶܶˡ
ʳȻȰ
ǳȥ˶ѾãΪŻ³һʱ䣬ϺõˮͩľĴҪм俪һĴ󶴡
ԼĥС¯Ϻõľ̿еݳޣǴġ
˶ΧǰЫӵζģˡ

Ķƫʳ˺ܶ⣬˵Ｙ⣬Ƶ衢ݷɽɺ߲ˡ
ԱߣڵĻǾӼұر
Եһ룬ʢ࣬ȵһǣ𡣴ӹ룬һڣЦ˵ҲʳҲ󣬲оСԣľ
лɺ˵ʵˣ˺ѽӽɣ

Խкò֪˵ˣԽУ˸û취ԼԸᡣ
ˣЦ˵ҵҲ˵
лɵν˵ҲǸܲˡ

ϵ˻죬һֱһôģ䳢п벻ʳ
Ц˵кܶ벻Ķ

ڶһ磬лú磬ůｫ˵һȲĿʼֱ֣ԵϣŹȣվů⿴Ƕ»ǽпʣô뵽ģ

лɽ˵ʱصˣֵģСģֳɱҲС
ůĳߴ磬˵Կһţʱʲôˡ
лɳЦδҲ̫ˣôˣôྫ
Ц˵ʱҵôˡ
лЦڵѣ˵Ǻ˵ô鿼һ¡
վڲ߿ţˣǮһܹܣ¹ķš
лЦʣҪҪһ˾ϰ壬Ա
Ľˮ˵ϰ塭ܹ鶼ġ
лûŤͷãȻĿ
ֻﶼɰЦ˵ҽսһˣȥ¬һˣ̽һ¬ҵ˼߻Ҫȥˡ
Щ˼
лʣô죿Ҳôż
ҪˣȥءлûоʱЩÿյѾľʱ䣬Ҫľȵʵо
ѧרҵˣʺϱţ飬

лɲ֪ô࣬˵ȵȡ
Ц˵żҰͻˡ
лżĲ緹

ߴæҵֵĺϰߺͳɳ¼ҪԵļ¼ܼרҵҲҪĬ

سǣ·˵ճǰشɾؼҡ
ȥʹ޳˵ҪտһСҲɣȻؼҡ¬ϵһûȵˣһڻˣҴҵʣȻûкãܡĸζˡ
οϷԸһ۲ҡ

¬϶ȫΣȫΪ𣬴֪ôЦ˵ҹȥĸ
̫̫дţŵŮӣһСдļƯ
ߵ˵ˡ
ʣŴŹչȣɫʺ
Ц˵ĸ׺Щˣ˵ĸҼζˡ
˴޳̵ţ޳̲֮ںʲôʲô֪ˡ
̫̫·ɫһŹȣ·˵Ƥһļִ޳˵Լ̳ͣ˲֮£޼С˭ҲҲҪЩ
̫̫±кҲϢգĸյĵ㡣
ʣĸҿ£
̫̫żɽյ㸸׵ţ֮ںϣ㶪ҪһҰѺúõ򷢹ȥˣһ
Ц˵͸ûϵҪҲеԩˡ˵ⲻȫȫβĻ𡣡
̫̫ʣǼ֮أ
Ҳ̫̫󿴰ɣʱûоˣʱ˵ɡ
̫̫ѵõ¶ƣɫļ˵֮ɣҪվ
ߣ̫̫ʣ㸸˵ϰһµأͷҪ˵ֱ֣̾
̸־æϵǷţǻسźá
̫̫ٹС඼Ȱɼ䡣Ʋ̣֪

Ȱĸصǣ֪ء
̫̫Ŀһۣ̾˵֮ŲңҲŲ㸸װɡĸ׶Թԡ
ĸǼ⻰ĸƼңûĸһίĸʶаġԼҲǶиж
̫̫ʼţ̽»ҲͲˡ
֪ʲô˼ⲻĶԹȻֻ֣ολֳ֮޼϶ĸصǡ˵Ļ㻰۵ʲôʱҵļҲƣ޼ӵܿʱȡá
̫̫ٺ޻˵Գ㰲ľǺͿˣ;ǻࡣ

ȻԺӣ¬Ѿ˷ˣԼԺӣ˵⼸ɫ˼Ҳı˼ңףֻŵڲЩֻҪҲǿԵġҼСӣɫãഺá㿴ţ˭Ҳ㣬ţȼˡ
ü˼Ŀ




54.  ʮ   ֱŮֱ

ðŻ, ̾ԼԼ˸鷳ˡ
رײаһ̲

ĥƬ, Ŵǣ彫Ҫʱ, Щ¡
¬Ϲִ˵ôܲ㶼ʮ, ܹܵ͸óˡ
ձڶе;ͽĴͳʵھûɷ

л˵İԲ, ϽʣԲɶ˼ˣ
¬˳Ļͷ˵ûУ˾ھԺķ, ¬˥, Բ潿Ƕ˸, ҲԿͷٿɡ
ʣ֪˾˾ĸ˼
¬ϣ˾ѰһѰĶ˼, û¬ҵŵڣĸûôҪ, ֻҪ԰ԲþС
һ£˵ҵ֪һͰԲͬСɾΪ, Ҳ֪֪, ȥҿ⡣
¬Цʣ棿
ͷ, ʵĲУҲǲ¡

¬ϲ֮ɥ˵֪˾˵˼, Ͼˣ¬Ұʫ鴫ңһҳŮΪ̼˸˾˶ϲϴӦ˿ɿ
ĿڣҲڣСɾ, ҲɴӾһڰ壬㸲Ҳһ֮£ѧֱϣҲδ֪
¬Ц˵ϴʶ㣬ĵǱҶࡣҪͬ˾˺ú˵Ը˾ܿЩ
¬ﲻο˵˾˾Ժѧϲ˾Ĳ˼汸ܵѧǵľء
¬ЦЩ˵㰢ǾøʢѧѧӴͷŵβҪȻҲܡ
˵įһЦ
Ͻв˺˵˵Щˡ쳢

ȥ¬ң¬ֺͱֶڡ
ĸϼ¬Խ˳ǣǴţҲж
ƶһֱ֪ҲںǮ
ԲϾڼѧŮѧ񣬼ϲ̧žͳϲʣʲôʱģ
ʣҲǸջҪҪȥùã
Բ붼룺Ҫ

ƵƵüעŮӵ̬Բû˳ʣ˵Ҫһֻ˹è𣿡
źЦ˵ûУèݣҪЩʱա
Բлһֻèūرԡ
ϲһʱ䡣
Բϣ֪²Ӧ

ͷ飬ʾ齫˵ȥҸʲôˡ
ԲǸӣҲ֪ĸл˵źӿĵĻطȥˡ

̾˵ʼճ⸱Сԣ֪ҪԶٿͷ
ʣԲɰи֪ĸ˼ˣ
϶ǳźģ⡣
˾мѧֻǼҾƶʼղԸⰢԲ١ƶް°ƶ˰ϣŮúһ㡣

ȿڣҿڣʵЩʣǾĸ⣬Եû˵ĸҲԲ¡ĸɷģǰԲһӵ磬ʲôʱ򶼻ỤﵹиʵѡͰԲͬ꣬ȥ⣬Ҳºͣ⺢ӺЩԨԴ
ϾȵĿĻʣж飿
ɢЩ˾ǲӦ
ϲҵӦҲ֪¿ɿЩĶ
Ц˵Ҿһ˵ĸ⣬ҴĸԿˡϾǰԲһӵ£ܲʡ
Ŵİź⣬Ӧ˵ȥĸס
֪ǴӦˣӦ˴¡

ȴ¬ҳȥƽĵЩ鷳Ҫһʣ߶߶ϵ
һֱĺɫʱŻׯ
лɴ̫ɽʼ͵ˣֱƻͨżƣɫЦ˵ҽհ˼£ˣ㶨Ҫҡ
лɴԷɣȷٿҲ١
οҸմӾԼ˳ԷЩˡ
лɵھܺȾˣô𣿡

˷лΪ˵Ҳûԡ
лɵķ䣬˵ҴؼһˣüҳǾĸˣ˵׼ܳˡ
лɾȵʣģ
˿ͷЦ˵ȻģΪӵδһաһβı顣

лɿ˼Ƭ̣ʣ˵ں̸ĻȰɣ

̿
Цõ̧ͷ̸֪Ǹȵ¡
лΪûףʣǸһĻԼ⣬ǲǾͲ
Ц̲̾סˣЦ
лɵһۣԽЦԽ̲סвЦҲԷˡ

סЦ˵㣬ԼǻԼû£׵һᱣ㡣̸
лɱ˵ȣ˵ģҪңҾСܵȥˣҳԿ
Цԣ㶼ܳԿ
лɰһۣɶЦ⡣

лɾúֱӽȽϺã̽ϲϲϲǲϲ
ĸûСᡯ˵Ҳûпѡ
ȳ극лʣǣǾŮ˰ɣҿһЩ˽˶Բԣ
Ц˵ԡ
лɲȷ˵ҽǰɣʲôԣǹҲǰŮѡ

ʵϲˬ죬̶ıˮ峺ĺʡ
ǰŮֻһ˾Ͳˡ̸˺ܶɢˡcdbʱҲмѭżȾƣǲ̰ϾʱѴ򡭡ʱô࣬оǺܶǰˡЦ˵
лĵͷɷнµ˵رűˣֻҪ˵ģҾšأŮũҵרҵְҵ֮ʱ䶼켣ʷʷЩĪĿǸûйµŮͬѧ
ǸʮŮͬѧ
лЦȻƽۣһǾʵͦġ
Ȼ

ںķΧУ϶˶ԷͽŮϵȷˡ
û˵˴ʱ䣬ںϵûأٹ˶ãׯԺˡ
л˵ˣ֮ǰǲ᳦תһɨա˵鶼ˣδķĿȷ

ҪţʣŮѲøһ𣿡
лɾ㵵Ŀһ룬ҲӦõġһ¡
Ծʹչȥ£û뵽ס˫л˲䵱

׹ˣһֻֻߣле£ʶס֣ͷ֣˵лС㣬ϲܾˡ
л֣ϰ˿ڣЩߣˬ˵֪Һ㣬ϲҲ⡣˯ɣҪȥæˡ
˵ˡ
ţͿʼЦԽЦԽáֻһٸСڴƵġ
ƵĳţЦĲɫ




55.  ʮ   һ

лɵ˯ð, ʧߵҹ˯šڶһлûͣ³ջ, һ, ϲ˵ͻġ
лɲԿ˰, һ, ʣµǼһӵ·
, лxдġ
ȸūյ, ңԶδܼʱšڲֵĻ, ½Լ, ڰϲΪٰ졣½һԼⷽ˷ǵ½ҵ, лҵͭ½
ȸūϲ£Ҳ½ף˵лx¬, ͬͬ·ˡ
ΪδԼ, ȸūĪҪ

лɿͷȥβ, ﻳɣҲ̫˳, ǰһĻԼ鷳лx͸˶硣
ź³˵׵˼ȥ½ס
³Ŀе㲻ţлڼĸǷ˷
һееͭĶͦɰġ
ۣҲǼйµ

ϵ˵, ³˵㿴Ǹͻ½ҵ
³޻˵̾Ҳû˵ʲô
лպţ׼վȥ½ҡ

ȴѾˣлɻڵѿů¶ȺʪȶԣոԵľ²˳÷ǳïʢ۲ԽҲĺܺáлͻȻԽӡ
Ͱ˰ůľ²˺۲ȫˣ˱Ų˽һ
лæ˵վͳģԸʳԵġܼ򵥵ģҽ㡣

鶼ˣ鳡ĸо
ʱͼѵڶڡ
÷Ҫڵģ۲;²⣬аײġ
;ԱߵĲԿţ䣬Ȼͷŷִͳõ˽˰ˣ

лɰٶȺܿ죬˼ҲѧˡΧڲϰӡ
ϴ֣Ҳ˼ΣģЩÿƣЦʣʲôʱѧӵģ
лɽ˵ʮʱͻˣͯӹ
ô̲סЦ

ڰӣȵվţϵ۽
䲻ʣʲô£
һ˵ȻҺϸ˵ɡ
ΪʲôˣлɼûӦɵʣʲô£
˹ȣߵĺǿˣ̲סǰƿţʣûԺʲô
û˵
ЦʣԺ㰢ׯ
ŵ˵Ҳͦõġ
㰢ŲһƬ죬ֻ㡣̫٣̫٣Ǯ̫٣ٵ㰢㵽ʲô
俴е˵ҿѧ
ʣҪôѧΪ㰢һůΪ㰢ﱸգһȺΪССׯ
䱻ʵƿԡ
ش
ЩĿİ˵ֳ߲ӣֺܶũ˲ֵĶݺܶ˲ġ
˵ԣϵĴ˶Ҫ㣬øô𣿡
˺ܾãǰܵҡͷ
˵ϲ㰢㣬кܶˣҪ㱣ֿȭĲź񲻴ʵʲôôûС䣬һǿһǻ䣬Ǻ˺Ҫѧȥȥȥ롣ȥ۲ÿһ˵棬ȥÿһ±Ϊʲôôȥ£ô졣
ŷ˵һġ

۾ʣݵɽ£޽һҪ֣ԸԸȥ
䱻ˣ㶵Ŀ
ͨҵϱ̶ӣҵĴܹܽаգǸͻˡԸȥԺ͸ѧϰ
һϴȻѸٹƽ
֮ᶨ˵ȥ

͵ĳЦЦ˵˵ڶ¡
۾ɵĿ
ͬղŵ࣬һЦʣ㰢һ£֪ԸԸ⣿

׻þòܻϵĿԶ׼
ϷʵĿı飬˵ҵ㰢Уɫһ£մȥ޼һˣöԷҳ
ѵ˵ô
Ц˵¬һŮáҲó㡣
Ƭʱ䣬ǱˤϣصĻεӶЩ
־ϲǲţ״ε˵л磬л㡭
Ц˵Сӣȥ׼ɣ⼸աȥ£˵ԲãоģںɼȵеˣԼȥ¬ҵţҺ㰢˸˵𣿡
м˵л磬ҶһҲȢ
Ц٩˵ôȢԼɡú˵
Ͼʮ꣬٩һ죬ͷ
Ⱥ˵꣬Ц˵ø㰢ȥˡ
˻лɵĽѾĲˡ
ߣʣ㰮ʲôݵģ
лɣҸ㣬Ϊ󲿷ݵĽҶԹҶϲԹ𣿡
ЦãҾǮҲҪԷġ
лһһԲĽӳΣչǰ˵ҾԸóԵķһ죬һ㶼Կ
Ц˵ǾлСա
лﶯͣԣ˵˵

ڴƤɿڣӹܻӭ³˵һӣһ޵ʣʲô
лɣӡ
³Եɷнµ˵ýԪ
лպͣ˵ʲôҪóԾС
лɻظڵĲɹⷿտ磬Ʒֵ֣Ѿϥôˡ
ű룬ʣⶼǵӣ
лɱ߼¼˵ԣӵൽ㻳Ҫһ̹ףҪһŴףŴ׸ԡϵصĵعϣ
ɹģֲҪ°꣬ʱǼµʱ򡣡
лű˵ũҵܻеǸı׶ˡ
Ц˵ũҵе컨壬ܵĿǰЧʵľǾﱣ֤ճɡǽ˺ԺƽԭΪﳡݾʮûк֮ǡ

лűʾĿˣۣˣۣеڴӣûҪ
ͷ׷ϵġ
ЦǿɲУǲˣۣҪô̸
лɣ̸ֱУ
ĿЦĿԿſţл˵һ¡
˵Ŵȥ£ƵŤͷ۴⡣ֻ͵ʳ
ץĸ첲ߣл飺ҪǱס˷׵飬һ¾ˡ
ץ첲Ц˵µȻֻ׼ף׼ס
лɾȷʵҪƽס
û˵꣬ѹˣǺлɵѵˮȫͬԵأֱ룬ⴥʱлһ飬۾ãȻĿ
Ĵţ˵۾ϡ
лŵñ۾ͷ࣬˵ҹһ£ҲҪȻ϶㡣






56.  ʮ   

Ц˵, Σͺˡ
лɱϾߣ֮, ʣµĶ, Ҫű˷֡ж, ̸ֻƵȥˡ
̲סͷЦ˵æ, ҳȥ
лһ춼лʵ档Ϊ㣬ͻȻü, ʼ̵ׯĲƲ, ʼɫµĿɿˡ

˳, ͬ궼Ѿְ, ǰҲŭϵõļֵܶڽͻǾְǰһ, ƽȵְŽ˵ȵ
ְĲܲξҦءţ⻤ǾӢĳ
ĴһҪ佫·, һѧ֪ûС
⼸굹, 겻ˡ

Ҧ, Ҳ곤, һ׵ĳۣݻʮģĿԣҦһ࣬ɫ죬ְ
Ҧ˵֮ǵģ, ҷ·ˡ
Ц˵ʲôòˣƲˣ
Ҧؼ΢΢ЦͻȻֱʣôˣ
ԳЦֲó˵ӥȮĿ
Ҧؽ⼸ƫ£ʣô£
Ц˵ûʲô£Ǽ˽պúúȡ

Ҧʣ鷳ˣ
ûС
Ҧɫʣ޼֮Ứǹɻڣ
ֱң׹Ҿòǹˣˣ
Ҧйһ̾˵һšӢ£ĺأ˶֣ӢЩ׿ʡ

ǰʹƽȹƣ죬źӢѾܾòˡ
ŰкⱸƵǣ⼸ںϱߣ˷ӣǵλֵĪҼƽϡ
ٵĴŭ壬˵û
Ҧصˤŭ޼֮ĪҪף

ϽסȰ֮嶯
˿⣬žƣС·ߵλǰ¸Ҧһ룬ʵҴ޼֮ѾĿռ֮λֵĪҪҼƽϡ˵˫ִ룬ҦؽӾơ
ҦûˣҦعϵǰĴ޼֮ȰҹƣһỨǹˣļãҲ԰޼ҽӵܣ֪ٱ
һӲ۾ʼ̬ˣ˵ǡ
Ҧҧϸ
˸һ㣬Ϊ˫ֶţޱ⡣
źӢεĿţȰҦأңĪΪǶԼֵܡ

ҦҧгݣֵǳպĴɣĪΪҲ֪ɵĹ
޲ɺƢ˵ʲôʵģ߼λֵʲôʵģң֪֮޲ԣ޲
ҦغСԼȥ߽ȥνֻҪǱ
ΪϵƽֱҦｫ£˵Ҫʼ֮
վľˣŤͷȥʱһŷһѣ¶˰̣ĿһۣЦЦûͣû

Ҧػǲ˵ǻ磬ʴ˵һΣ˭·ӣ
治׾ϴˡ
Ҧ̲סˣŭĿʣʲôˣҲ
ߵöҲˡ

ŵ˵˾乫λϴҵжţ˵ųķиأعء
ӢЩЦʣⶼˣ˵ʲôأ
ͣй棬ԼԼĹأǲ鷳ҵ˼Σ˵ϻռ֮˵һҵѡ
Ц˵֪ͨ㡣
ҦؼһƢûУô޶ԣҲٶŭˣż죬һ˺Ⱦơ
ԵĻҲȷʵ֪޲ԣ޲û˲ơ˶ѳɼңҺڣǰ̡Ȼвƣûвȡĵ
һȳ˴ͷźӢҲȶˣûгҲѾˡ
˿ҦۿЦ磬ǧ

ɢʱ飺˰ȫ͵ҡ
ҦǣҾͲˡ
ҵȵȡ
Ҧޱʣ֮ʲôҶⲢȤ
Ҧصļã˵л˵
Ҧأûʲôɼ֮˵ġ

еġ
˵ͻ˵ؽ⡣
ϳʱһѣûҦһץ۵˻һ˶ð亹ˡ
˿ڳϣҦ˿̾Ѫˡ
齹ɾ
סϢοʲô·

Ҧˣʹʣϵôģ
ͻˡ
ҦһصĿʣ㵽ڸʲô
ǿЦЦģǸصˡ
ҦʣΪʲôסôµĻ
ЦȻҵĵ϶ˣ硣
Ҧѵõ֮ɫ˵ʵɣ㵽ʲô⣿
ЦЦûش
ȵлΪˣ˶׼˯ˣлд˴۴ˣվԺܿлʣôôٲŻ
Ҧؾ͸лĿۡ
ѺȾȥˡ
лʣǶ˯ˣǼأ˯˵
ҦںڰпֵԺӣͷҦأԥƬ˵ɣв𣿡
лűʳţЦ˵ãУȽȥһ
ܻ˵˳һҩ

лɰ±ţ³òײ򵽵ţ⡣
سһּ̡ϴõСſţ͵˻СƤ¯ϵ˲
ֱӶɰһţûдơ

ȥʱҦڿ飬·лʣôˣҦŷǸŮӡ
ʶĻͷû뵽޷Ӧ
лɴ󷽷˵Ⱥȵأٺȡ
Թȵ¡
лɲ֪æʲô˵ķֶൽ벻Ҳʣֻʣ㻻ҩɡ
ȴ˵Ҳһ㣬º˵
۲һҦءҦλƷļҳҦػ٣ѾӽΪֱǸֱԸ񣬿óĴϵá
лɲԣҦֻôδҲ̫

л˵뿴ıʼǡ
лɼƵģҦأָֹͶˣ
ǻȥˡ
Լ·кҦأ̸ʲôԡ
Ҧˮϴ֣ķСϣֻûʡ
ʣҾûůһЩ
Ҧزԣʣǵů¯
°ָָϣҦغ¿˳ָʾʯ壬Ȼȵġ
лɱűʼǱţͿҦŵذ壬Īʲôأ
ĶоġҲ棬

лʣʲôʵģϵĽˣ˵һ˵ס
ҦعŹֵϿٶ໰

лĴͷϣ˵ң֪Ըʶ䣬ǰĺԣġǰļ֮ˣڵĴһòǹͭˣҲ󣬸ʬ
Ҧɤӣ㡭ûп㡣
ָʢ˵УбҦҶ֧㣬ɴ޼Ҳһ޼һŵж˶˧͵Ҫտ׵ã˴ǰ־ɡ

лɽʼǷϣ˵ҽ²ˣҿǶȵòˣӲѣҪ»ǲҪ̸Ϊá˵
Ҧִŵʣϵôģ
ʵ˵ŴϴõΣԭ
Ҧؿþöû˵
ղſϵˡһڽ꣬ҧ˵ҶԲס㣬֮ĪҼƽϡ

Ц˵±ҵĿпͷˣҪҪ




57.  ʮ   ı

Ҧؿл, ʼǣҦشлɵʵ鱨档
лԼֱҦֻúЦ
ҦĿ, һּ, ֻССŮ, һֵдÿƯ, ȷʵЩ
лЦһ˵ģմȥһȦ, ˡ
еԭ, κһͶ˶ܵƾǰе̬ȡ
ĽҦѡҦǸֵཻѡ

Լ⺧, ߲ĵֺ, Ӧֱ
ҦһϱϢըе£˴Ļ, ٿЩ¼Щŵˡ
еʣʲôʱʼĥЩģ
ʣˣ
ҦЩįЩΣҴûвżֻ֮㲻Ϻ˵һ˵, ʮຮ, ˵ҪͲҪˡ׹, ֮㶼ڳǣҲֻ˵ȥɢ, ֪ԹߣҲǲࡣֻǾҵֵܡ

лɶЩȥ·ʵˡ
ţרעĿңҺ˵ˣǰļ֮, ڴǰˡҲǸһĳˡԶңЩɫɫ˴򽻵˻˵һֻôҪʲôŲüį
лɾ⻰·˵ġ

Ҧʣо𣿽Ǻȸˡ
Ц˵ƾͲˣٺˡ
ҦҲԼЩðʧʣ֮ͻһ𣿡
Ц˵ҿ˵׼Ƕ㣬ʣµľʱˡ
ҦʣǱˣ
ͻ
Ҧĵ̶ܴӳǼ䲻ˡ
⻰˵лɶ̲סЦˣֱ˵˿Цá

Ц˵ʵֻһ˴ƥ׷ɱҵ̶ӱΧǻ˲ա
Ҧɫһ˲ʣ
һ
Ҧ¶Ĭ˺ܾò˵֮ǫˡ˧֮ţҲˣԶ㣬Ը
ֲ˵
ҦĶּ̾ݳһòģ֮ǰƽľѲֻͬʮֲס
˿лɣôúȡ
лɣȻҵĳȻõġ
ҦҲ㿴ˣЦʣλǣ
ܣлϻ£˵̫鷳
лȴ˵ˣֻ֣ʣµĶ¡ͱĵϡ
Ҧؾʣֳģֲá

лԺ˵ڵؽﻹУ³õġոһţ˵Ҷˡ
֪Цʣ޽ӵ
лɣڸлЩ𣬵ǿͺԷǳáƷֺҪٿ
ʣЩأ
лͻȻѾƣ˵ǵȵȡ
ԼŵƣⷿС̳Ѿơ

Ȼģ¿ҦزʣǸʲôأ
Ǻϵزҳ
Ѿ𣬾ζģˬظʣ΢΢ɬζζٻζ
лź˵ʵûôྫҪи԰ơ֤úȡ
Ц˵ɲ棬¶һѿزãͳ˴ס
лɲں˵׾ʹ£øķӦԵҲǿ󡣡
˵꿴һۣƵ˼
еСŮһζ

Ц˳˵аɣ˸һ԰
лɰοģҳʵҴ򽻵¶ȺеġʵҲѣһƵʦ϶Ҷ֣ÿһжгԷĿұ¡ҪСЩС
ҦأεЦ˵С㡣޲ð㹩

Ҧɫʣֲ߶٣
лɾ˵ϣܷġ
Ҧرô󵨵ķԾסˣʣ˻棿
лɸĿڱص˵һ϶УһĻұعɲ⡣
ҦشޣɣѾ츣Ĺˣ
˵⼸׼˻أ⸽ĵضûģģֲͳһʱֺ취
ҦüʣΪβϱ£
˿Ѿƣ˵ң벻ô£ֻܾͽպ¡Ҳ˵Ǵ޼ҵĸں޼صĿ϶Ǻһߡ

Ҧغָ𣬵ԿȡΪİΣ龫ǣΪšôãԲ϶ҡ
ȵľϢ
лɼ˵Լ˵뱨Ҳԣ֪ҵׯʲô֪ġԹžũֿ֮϶Ҫȸʣ¶٣ҪҲ޷µġ

ΨһǾ±˶ϡ
Ц˵󴺸ʼҾﶢţġ
ҦصĻæ˵Ҫٵأȥ취·ܾģҪȥһ
ƽϣԤԼδƽ·
߲֣ǹǧ뵽µľϲ

лɵһ˵ģֲ£ʣʲôʱʼƻģʮҲոġ
Ц˵ڿˣ˵㱣Ϻڣֻӣ߸һѧͽһ˸ġ
лɾܾ㻹һϵũˡʮѧͽֵأʲôöûС

򵥣һ쾫ϸѡʼϸڡ
лɣ֪Ҹ˿ڵ¡ʾͲһСôˡ
ЦŴӦһԺӣʱô
Ҧظп֮ڱǰҲš
ཻһӵֵܡΪҶ̼־͸˳ԡ˵ϷʵĿҦء
Ҧر٩ĴЦ˿ѾЦ˵֮ӹĵҲ̹ҷ˿ݻǰÿ㲻̰֮ˣҪȻ᲻ƫҪһ˲ԭ
Ժ²ֹۿص˵ͻĲò
Ҧغ˵ǵһʱ󡣡
Ȱ˵ҲˣǹˣҲɳˣԸǾⳤﰲȵһӡ

˶϶һֱĵҹ
лһ϶û
ҦһȥˣҲ糣𣬺³ůתƬ̣۸ĵƣ³ٽůҪã
³Ц˵ǿɾЩķѲˡ
ЦЦû˵Ҫǰ껹ܸ硣
³֪˼˵ȸūû˵
˳³ׯļҵȸū˽
⻰³סˡ

ϻûĸСŮܼ̳мҵ
Ҳֻһ䣬ûָ³˵ʲôнĻ
ԹԿƬ̣ʣ֪ȸūֳںְ
³ݡ
Ŷʣ겻̫ƽҲ֪Ŵ
³𣺡ɾ˵á
׷ʣֻģ³ʣȸū˵½ҵҪˡɿǶҼȸū⣿
³࣬Ŀת
Ȼ




58.  ʮ   

лѾ, ˭ڣһµҡ϶ѡ׻ӣЦʣ
лʣأ
Ц˵ȥ, ɴȥľȥˡ
лɺʣʲôľϣ
Ц˵˵Ҫ޼ů𣿡
лŶ, ˵ȥ

˿, , ȥء
лЦ˵֪ˡ
·ϣԶԶջſ, ȥ, 鶼ڣ֮ͬǰǸγ嶼ڡ
лɰָԱ߿ֵС, ʳ, лʴҪȥģ
ŤͷվȦΧЦų, лɲȥ۶γ˵㻻ģ֡
лɺʣô˺ôĵ𣿺ƽԭҪȿ, ȶǸ, ôˣ
̾Ц˵, ޴Ρ
лɣҴۣ㵽ôˣ
γ, еֺõЦֻù졣

תͷЦʣȸһ˴˵
лɣô˵Ҫů
׼ˡ
лɿ۶γ壬ǷԼкŤͷ˵߰ɣҵ־ô, ϽߣҪȻҦˣˡ
˽װã³ڿ֣ⷿ۲ֿ⣬пҪµġ
лЦôҪûкճɣҵţ

ȳ˲ֿ⣬Ц˵˷˵ɣѾ׼ˡ
лɼ̶ӵĶǿʴû԰ɣ
ջз
лɣǾ˰ɣٳͻȻԿȫ򣬵ҿղ³³һֻ
һҿζǳմȥ
лɣǸãʡΪ˳ڣһˡ
³ĺܿ죬ľϣ˵Ȳżùȥææǵġ

γŴ￴ˣۻɨһۣʣϵصǵ𣿡
γ˵Щǣûʲô֮ͻƽˡ
ͷ⼸Ҷֱӵݣðհš˱صĵĻͻǰϻڳǹꡣ

γЦ˵㣬ЩˣƽǸоﲻһ
˵½㣬ɫ˶ְλҪ֤˿ɿ˭Լǡ
γʣɾʲô
ֱ˵һæȥ
γ˵û⣬һǲôʱҪȥѰϰʽƲ⡣
˿û¡Ҳû
γ˵ɵʣлСӵôã
ΪȻЦЦ˵Ժӣůǰţγ岻Ϊ⣬ͷȥۣ͵һƬ̾ҵ죡
лȥŽȥʣĵôҲ벻ͨҲϹΪʲôϣ㲻ϳƻͽжӡ
γ飬ʣĪϷ
վ﹣ָԶ˵ո˽ĵһ絾ӣճɺϵصϵճһأ
γеŷˡ
˵ճɣɡлɵʵɹճɻһأ
γ󾪣һôĿ
΢΢Ц˵ûʶγϺܶɽӺǰۻɵġ꣬㶨ʶֵʶлɵ
γüʣᣬΪλд˵ȱ£ʦӺδ

ЦЦĶƬ̣ЦʣǲǶҲһֱ棿
γæ˵ҡ
ЦЦ⣬ŤͷԶϣûмʶˣûķ˼̫ˣһʶĹ࣬ٻͷһҲͲΪˡ
γҶ˵ˡ

˻ʳѾ׼ˡлɸմӷԺˣʣݵô
̶ӵЦ˵񫣬Ҳ񫣬ŮҲ񫣡
лɰԵʣŮҲ񫣿
һ˵Ͼûаŵˣд𣺡ϵصŮ˴ˡ
лʣ𣿡
һ˵ᰡŤ湴ˡ
лɿŮˣһ棬ܾ˲һлɻͷͼͶγվ󣬾Ŀ֪˶ˡ

лЦǻˣ
˵ŽȥˡγЦ˵лСӵǣЩڲͬ
ЦЦûнӻ

һٿ˴϶ԣл׼ȥ½סûţڶ½ҲͶ
½ҵĹ£лɹ˵лɾɾһۡ

лɿЩص񵥣Щͷԣʣ½ҳɰã
һЦ⣬·׺񳤱һЦ˵á
лĪ½ҵĹ£ͷʴʲôˣô½ҺͻȻף¼Ҳˣʵ۲ˣ
ʱڸҦػţЦ˵Щ˵ǣǲӰ㡣
лɺ˵лţǿֱ׳ףҾлЩɣԴǼ½¼Ĳ˵һ̻Ҷǳˣ˭ͷôӲӺšеԥҪֱ׳ף½Ҹϳô죬̫ˡ

Ц˵أҿ
лɻطŸ֪лx˵Ǹ˭ֻ֪ǶʱĹˡǴ֪棬¬λʦ
û뵽겻żҵлxȻǰλʦԨԴ

ĴǣлxᵽˣĥƬ̺˵ȥɣ½»˵ġⶨ׵ЩҶǼлЩˡ
лСʣãһ
ҡͷһԵĲһֻЩȤǸദˡ
л̾ԸɣҪһһĺͿ仹ǸˣһлȨˣҿͷˡ
ЦʣлСû취ˣ
лεİһۣǲ֪ĺͿŮѵһٶòֻ̡򵥴ֱ
ĺ׿䵽лСǴǻۡ

лЦ˵ףʱ򿴿۸£Ҫ㾫½Ǹ˾ȥסףҺ˰ɡ
˫ͷǼһ£ڴϣ˵ҵлС㣬ûס㣬͡

лɱԹиԼռ˵Ľڡ
ʣҪȻô
лɶ۾ȥ£ò񫣬ִȥ´ҧһڣ۵Ĵ˻һϽ죬ֱЦá

л죬Цţֻ˵žɡҪǲҧԡ
޿κεڻЦ˵ǲԩ






59.  ʮ   δ

ڶһлɻ筺ɫƵԲ, ͷãлɿԼţʰ£ѿɣ
װ, Ůӷ, 쳣ѡָ·, Ц˵ǳÿ
лŤͷɫЩѵ, תͳʮСӣŮĶƸС
лɿ, ˵, źӳ˵һˣٰ
ź³ů, ˵, ͷһװƬ, Цʣôʦأ

лɹ۾תЦ˵ǵȻҵĴ¡
ʣ𣿡
лʣ㲻ؼ𣿴һ̡
ͷ³˵֮㿴Ű, ڱʺ϶, Ϊ˲ӰĲ, ްɡ
ͷл˵ȵңȷʵҪȥһˡ
лɴս˵˾䣺Ů
ʣ棿
лɼûû, ŤͷȵĽˣʣʲô
лν˵ҺһͿˣҽ°졣ǲõҡ

Ǻ˵ӿ£Ͳׯ, һ˻лɼλе꣬Ӧ֪ͰԲˡ
ϳлߣսϵζʣʲôζô㣿

ԣţҡͷ˵ûа
лţȻŮζ
ŤͷЦ˵Ҷš
˵Ŵսļ˳ƿϡ
лɺֳһƬȥÿ֡㡣
Ц˵㵽½ң㡣
л¶۾תͷʣʲô˼ҽȥףẒ̌Ľࣿ
вǺƭѧˣå·Ҹһİɡ
лεЦЦʲô£ܲЩСֵĻƶӣǮ˲Ц𣿡
ӿ۴⣬Ѿţ˻⣺մ㳢Ǽҿ⡣
лʣһң³Ļó𣿡
㳢ɡ

лɲת˻⣬Ҳ׷ʣȵ½ңͷõң֮ؼһˣȥæġ
Ц˵ȥһ˳ʷȥҡ
лӦŴŤͷ˵Ȼȥһˡ

лſڱлŮŰݷ½游鷳ȥһ
ſڵûŵĿˣҵҴҽȥͨ½֮ˣɫЩɬѶлһ˵ôЩʧҲͷˡʧĵط¡

½֮һ˲Ļϲģһ˲ѣǸ²ˣϲ½Ȼר̷ÿ͵ġ
ȸūˣûʧ֡
лʣ游𣿡
½ֱ֮鲻򵥣ʣȸū游ʲô£
лɵ˾䣺˵һЩ¡
½֮ĿһŤͷѵõĽͷֿԺͷë׵ͷ̵ģʮСӡ
ȽԺӣ½֮˵游ˡ
ȥվʾлȽȥ
лɸоߣûлӦ
ȥûпˣֱ½²ǺϲĲԶſ˵лҰɲˡ

½¾վ鰸ǰд֣л˵֮󣺡ɡ
лƹ磬ۣ½ʮ࣬Ľ˶϶룬Ŀ⾼˿̬
˵
л߽ۣ˷ӡ
ּԾ񣬵һҵ
½½ʵݸлɳɵĿۣӹʣ½֣Ŷڵϣл˵дֿ

лɲӳֱȲ½£ҲԼֺŵġ
ӱһͣˮգǰ
½ﶼ֮ɫЩź
лͷ˰Լ֣½£Ҹ׺½Ͽйڣ
½£
лʣҸף½ң
½£Ҳ
лɷ±ʣ˵ǰЩдŸң˵Щ飬ᵽҺ½ɵ¡
½ֱ˵лxǼ顣
лЦЦҡͷ˵׵û£ֻ˸Ҵһ˵˻飬ȥ˰ɡ
½БCŭлҲĪ̫֪㡣
л˿þƽȡԳб޸
ֵʣ⻰Щû֮ã£лͥ䣬ʣⱾлҵĳ⣬αأ

½»ûļҵСŮֱ׳
ŭЦ㸸ѵûн㳤𱰵ĵ𣿡
лɹ˵Ҹ׵ǸҪصˣлҾ˼ҡⶫ½ҵģȷ𣿡
½¶սţʣȷ½ҵĶ𣿡
лЦ˵ҿɲֻ֪ңҴ˵лx¬Ѿһ·ˡ
½ɫŭ

лɸоһ·Ҫˣ̣Ȼ赭д˵𣿡
лĹ

̽ʣлҵͭգɷң
½¿д֣ûнӻȴ˵ССͣдһֺ֡
лº˵һһģֱмܡ

ڵ˵СͯӹܹҪЩɼ
½ʣϭҲС𣿡
лû뵽ǵôķ粨˵лҵûʲôأдϭʲôֵġ
½Ī˵㵹Ǻ㸸׼񡣡

л˺һϣʣһлxһ̼֣εºܺ½ҽף
½ʮǰ£Щ㱡
¬Ѿʮˡ

лɼɫƽ̸Ŀ˵ģ½游ĪҪΪҡ
½ҧӻ˵л˲أ½ȴҲŵµûԵ޹˵ĵ

лЩŭˣ磬лҲףûгɵġ½ŵҲл㡣еϲԵ½ұĵطȨǸöϧлûСӶ˷Ҫйزǣ
½֣Щϧ˵лҵǾ֮š

лɴĺܣϻ𷽽˷
½ȴ˵лxףԼ˵
лɼôҪƤЩΣҲſ˵ǰңһתȻϹ黹Ҿȸˡ

˵ųǳǳ˸
½ʣʲô֡
лɡ
½ʣ䲻㣿
лɲҪ˵ﶼ䲻ϡ
½ɫÿˡ

лɼ˵ѧ۵һ·αؾҪ߽ݾأ
½
л֮ǰûǼ½º½֮ΪһֱƿĲɾãȴƫƫ½¾ڼũ顣
ΪʥũΪĹ⼸޽Ϊ½ҪʵȨٳͷӡ

ʱʵ
½û˵лɷ˼ܶࡣִŹ˾Թ⣬ˡ
Ҫл⡣
ź˵ȸˡ
˵ͷҲصĳˣճžͿ½֮һֱվԺ
ƽĿ
леĵ룬ǽ飬үү̫ˡ






60.  ʮ   

½ֻ֮ǾĿ, ˿ûпڵ˼лҲеģ־ΡֺͿ
½̬ȺлxٲȻѣм仹һ¬顣
ѹϵ, Ӱ쵽, ϲµ¡

̾, ½֮, ˵ȸūˡ
лǿЦЦ˵Ҿˡ
½֮˳˵ȥ
лɲûоܾ
Ժ, ½֮ʣֱӻؽ𣿡
лʵ𣺡ȥʷ
½֮ʱģ, ˵ȥҪȥԺ, Ͳȥˡ´ȸūҵĲ衣
лЩ, Ҳˡܿ϶½֮½³ˣװ֪, ô»Сˡ

ȳ˴ţȻſڵš
½֮Ŀ˳߬ȭ, ֱ, Żͷɫɬѱ, ŵ˼ˮҲǰ˵
µĻԼԺ, 鷿Ŀʼд羭
ߵĺĶŲ˵ʣɾ׼ˣ
Ϻͳ¼ҹϵУҲµˡ
ļеĵػȴ˵ĸ˵, Ժ羭ûȥ㡣
Ĳ棬Ƭ̣˳ȥˡ
ڰǰþöû˵һָ۾ϣૣҵ棬ô𣿡

лϳڿ飬¶Ц⣬ʣôûȥ
ʣ𣿡
лɱ죬ź˵ûУ½ϺҺú˵̫СˣеûʸԻֻлxô¬顣Ҿ֪Ǹ½龿˭
⹫

лɾȵĿ˺ܾãͻȻ˵лxˣǰλʦֵܵġ˵ʲô帴ɰɣҪҿɾ͸͸ˡ
Ц־䣬Ц˵ɹء
лɿ飬Եݸлʣʲô飿
ǱˣϸϸϷ׼۸񣬺׹۳ˡ
лɷҳʣ漰Ŀܴ󣬲𣿡

γ˵Щ³çºϸ£ϵص˱أ۸һֱ󣬽ĳƱǰеƫߣսӰۡһз紵ݶͻ

лź˵ٸɣӦ߲˵ƶᣬ벻ҪжˣҾԵԼˡ
Ц˵ģѾǺƽԭоʱضǷ֮ء
лԸǵҵ˽չҾȥϵȥúɽһۣϧˡ

ʷ֮󣬴ڴԿԼǻؼȥˡ
ûţͼֵڵʵܵܣǸʲô
ʮ꣬Ǳڣ˵㡣
޺ֻǹҸְʮǰĲӣ˷ӡ
ʣû˵ʲô£
ҡͷûУĸҲ㣬ĸҲ㡣ղڼҡ
ʣԺʲôûУ
ʵ𣺡ûС
ôʵʣûкͬȥˣһˣ
ܱ¬ϴԣ˵ֳһ˶вףҪúѧҪֳ
Ц˵ԺӦöȥμӡ
ҪϰΣûʱ䡣
ҲյķȥĿʲôãȻǶѧ񱾣Ҳϲĵѧѧˣˣж²ԥԥĸʱ˵㲻ȫ𣿡
⻰Щ治¶ĿҲͣմȥߣкܲƤء
˵ˬʵЦŽȥˡ
޺ƵˣԺӾʣЩʱֵȥˡ
ԩˣЩʱտһֱæµ
޺Ҳƽķˣ֪æµ㸸׸дˣ̨൱֪ͣҲסϵһߣҲס
޼жû˭׵ġ
Ц˵Ҿףһˣƫ飬ռ˱ˡܹܲҰɣ
޺Ƣã˭˵ꡣ
п˵㲻࣬󲮣󲮳µʱҲڳǣһˣȳˣߵزһһԼġ
ΪȻʣҵһҲԼ׬ġҲ𣿡
޺һ̾Ц֪Ǹ֮ǲܺͽˡ
Ҳƽ˵ϣʣҺ£

޺ݣϵ˵Ҫˡڱ֮⼸꣬ûˡ
ţԼЩʲݣҲƽԼֵ֮š
ǰְ氲µְλ

޺˵㸸׺³ǵʱѵ㣬žˡ
ЦЦ˵ҲôأһǾټһ𣿡
޺ƿܸˣԣټһλڳﳣסˡ
Ŀ޺ѾԼܵܰźȥ
žԼˣǰС˴޺ơ

޺Ƽվţ˵㸸˵һϢ֪Ҫʲô֮ˣ
̧ۿһۣЦ˵ܲ˸׵ĹˣЩɢˡ
޺̽ʣ֮ǲϳˣ
ڰ֣ǲҪ̽ң˵Ǵ޼ҵǮӡֻǮ£²Ҫҡ
޺ϧһ㣬˵Ҳˣڸݺ˱䣬ˤȣ㸸ѵһ
ü˵ǳ£úˡʲôѵġ޶Щ䲻ˡ
޺ƿһۣҪЦЦģȴʲôû˵

޺Ʋ˵£ʣʲôʱ˳·ҵ·Ҳտš
޺ƣû˵Ҳûʲôʱ
˵У˶ŵ㣬ǵȵ˾ǻȥĸ
޺Ƶͷš

ЦϸϸĥŴ޺Ƹղ˵Ļ
Ӧǰ޳̵ġ
ڳĹݹְ²ܣڳߣ򽻵Ķְ󳼣Ϣĺܿɿ
ԼԼһ亹޼ңĪǡ˲֮ġ

˴̫̫Ժӣĥ¡
̫̫ݣЦкˣ
ʣĸ˯ˣ
̫̫ʣ֮ˣ
Ц˵ǰŽţˡ
̫̫ܺãж磬˵ôˣЩʱն㡣
˵ҪͶЩ

̫̫Ȼ˵˵ˣҲ֪ʲôʱʱʣ㸸һ档
Ц˵յæǻˣҲһյĲżҡ
̫̫Ц˵ûûС𳤡С㸸׽ѵ㡣ЦһȰ
ͷϵţǵȵ壬Ȼƽ
̫̫Ц˵ֲСӣֵܼ׺ס˼ҲϸҲ׺񡣡
ֱԽԽǿҡԼЩĪ
ղл˵ģлҪʲô뷨϶͸͸ġ
Ц룬޼Ҫʲô뷨·ܲˣҲ֪лɻô롣





61.  ʮһ   ҳ

ȻԼԺ, ԺЩҶжʱ䲻סˣ廪ļ˲, żؼȥˡ
¬Ͻʱ, Ժ﷢, ¬˵㲻ҵĺ, Ժ˶ûУ㿴ʲô
Ҫƽʱ, Щ, ֻЦкĸ̫, 
¬¶, Щ꣬ʣôˣ
ʮ겻ʮĸ, ٲȻһѹӣЩпʣĸ׵޵޼浱ῴһСĴ޼ң
¬Ŀ, ô˵

޼ȷʵ¬Ժա¬ֻ֪׸ǰǼ޳̱˵ġ
Ϊǹ֣Щ, ǿļҵСˣ
鸸ĸ, ˼Ц˵е, Щæٿɡ
¬ϾϲʣļҵСӣҿҲҪŵڣֻҪ˶ƷԹȥ, Ҿ㡣
̧ͷ⣬ЦЦ˵˵ɣ¶࣬ҹ˲Щ
¬Ͽĵ˵һ£ء
˵˵ɡ
¬ϼʼղģʣǳʲôˣ
ߵֽˣ˵ϵ£ûʲôġĸ¾ȥæɣһҲҪȥˡ
¬ϻͷ֣˵ϻ𣿡
һǲˣĸ¾ʹȥʷҡ
¬ЩʧҲûֹҪܻ;˻ûã˸ţҪôۡ
Ц˵֪
¬˼ֻͷ˵˵￴ңϸҿûãҪҡ
ЦЦҲ𴩣ֻ˵֪ˣҵʱӦڼҡ

¬ϣطĥ˺ܾãϱĿջдţעݾԼݾϸ
˳ʷлɻڴгͬѾƴһ𣬴мڸглɾڱϣţҲ
վſڳ֣л˵Թֵء

ȥʣʲôˣ
лʵ˵Ѿڿˣ㶯ô𣿡
Ѿʹ޳̹ˡ֪ԼһСˣںٴҲûãȨܵǲԴ
ǲòߵһ

ЦЦû˵лΪĬˣҲû˵
¥鷿ܾöûглҲڿ飬ȿƻˣſų廪һŴҴҳȥˡ
лʣæˣ
Щ˻û꣬߰ɣȻؼҰɡ
л̧ͷɫлֱ鲻á
վǰƬ̧̣ͷţ˫ѵ˵кܶ£ҲҪǲľͺ˵ҪȻˣҶ֪Ϊʲô

Цֱ˵û£Щ
л֪ѣҲ𴩡
ȻׯϴͰ˵׼׼մȥ
һ˲Щִ٣ֲҡ
ţýţ󷽷˵
лľ棬ʣûʲôرҪ𣿡
ֹ˵

Ȱȥˣ˵ʲôҪûܣðȥݰɣкӲһЩʲô
лʣûй𣿵ȼɭϵ磬ߵ˱ӡʵҲӣֻҲΪȻˡ

˵־⻰Щɥ˿˵˵ˣҪȥҵ磬ǸɻȽ̤ʵ

ûգŰңʮͣഺʱ¬ϻڼ
žͱ޺ƽȥˣԺ
޺Ƽ˵֮⼸վͲҪȥˣ岻վҪˡ
ƴǣҵ˽ӵˣͷҪգҶڼҡ
޺ƿΪȻ̬ȣ֪Ѿκ˹ˣ΢΢Ц˵֮ѧҵ⼸꣬ϡ
Ц˵Ҫˣûϣ͹ܲסǰҰˡʱˣҲͱˡ
޺̾Ϣ֮˺ܶ࣬һֱ־ŵˣû뵽⼸ȥˣˡ
˵Ǵ޼Ҷô࣬һҸ׶ӲҲֻʺ⡣
޺Цҡҡͷ
֮˺Ȳ죬̸ʫ̸û¡

ȥ¬ϺѾˣͰɨԺҶ¬Ϲ˵㿴ǸӣԺﲻ׼˽ǵʲôӡ
ֽʰɾĻᵽſڵ£ʹ˵⻨Щ鷳
ԺĻݶ͵ĸԺȥɡǱů͡
¬Ϻ˵벻ңʲôö˭ͣǲҡ
Ц˵ƣЩСǲ⡣

԰˵ģǳЩ̫ˡֹ¬ҲЩ⡣뽫СɾǸŴģЩĶΪѡ
¬Ҳð䲻ֵֻ̼ײʲôʳ

λҳ̬ȣʾ⣬Űȥˡ
Ȱһߣ¬Ͼʣ⺢˵Щء˿ҲϿңƫƫǳ
ֻ˵Ҫȥˣǿ̶ףҲǼԺˡ
¬ǹֵĵһۣԼɩɩʣɩɩأ
ԥԥ˵иǲġ
֤ҪǳɳĿ죬ϵ⣬ڶû˸ϵһ
ϾȵĿ
ǺܾõˣϵƱضлģлɵĳɹﾭӪʺϵ˾³Ķӡ
Ϊл׽ˡ

Ȱ˵ҲһʱԺҲԲС
˵ҲСˡ

˭⣬ֻǰ˴ˣɩ˿󣬻¬ϵԺˣ¬ֿˣУȥܵãյĲżҡ
ƢӦ
鷿Ĭ飬è鷿졣
˾ϲʣˣ
ʣ벻ȥߣ
ϲɥ˵ĸײ׼ţΪͬһϣĸ׽ѵˡ

˵ڣûµġ
ЩƵĿ
ĸլˣޡܹΪã֪ͺˣҪͬ鷳˾ҡ
Թ˵ûͬĸ
к˵Ǿͺ߰ɣȥߡ
èֹèڼ
ˣ㱧綼ˡ
Ц˵ЩۣϢһʱܱˡ
ｿ˵ǲҪ籧ˣú塣
ʴǽ鲻
Ļûгһ˵ֻѧȥľȥ˴ɽֻҪͣͱǿ𣿡
Щ˵Ҳ磬֮ǰź˵㲻϶飬ҪȻǶǿ
Ц˵˵

ȳ˽⣬ʣȥл𣿡
Цʣʶ·
˵ˣȻʶ
Цźʹ˵סգɢɢģ鲻һ֮Ҳǿи¥࿴ˡ
ĵͷʱʱĳ⿴





62.  ʮ   

лֵѾһ߸, ͵һƬź׳ۣлֶ, Ķڲ߿, Ŵվڱϡ
Ŀ͵Ĳ˵, ϲлɣֲˣ
лɿ۲ľϵļ¼, Ц˵Ȼԡ
ʣô࣬ܳԵꣿ
лɿСﵾ׵, Ц˵ҳԲ, ѵ𣿰ɱҾĶˣ֥顢ˮ, һ㶼û˷ѡ

˵һ, ͻȻʣ㣬Բʲô̬ȣ
ס, ȥɡ
лЩ˸Уź˵ҲôڿĵܵˣһҹЩ, Ҿͷۡ˵, ʮ, Ҫȥᡣ᲻á

ʧЦ˵Ҹܹܣʲôɳģ
лĦһսĵ, üʣ㵱ܹܣҿɿʣɿˣﲻ׼ְɵݡ
Щףлɣ㣬ܳԵ𣿡
лЦʣʲô⣿
˵, ˼ΣлɶæܶСʳͺóԵģû⡣
Ц˵ֻҪԣ˵ݣ϶ԡ

лɱˣ˵ǿ⣬򷢵塣
εЦʣΪʲôң
л߲ˣ˵ˣҪӣǲǣ
Ŀĵĳȥ֪ͨˡ

䣬ʣҵʱ򣬾ô˳֣
лɲΪȻ˵ѲӵҪȻҪкã
Цţʣʲô𣿡
ůѾ쿢ˣл⼸һֱأʩʡأΪĵһ׼

лɼ򵥺ͣʵûôྫֻյϼ飬ڿ絹Ļϣɸѡ֮һӽֲ߲꣬ʵʵ鲻ġûôྫֻԡڵֿ֣ܱһ㣬ֵӽѶڵڲʺֵĵطֲӰճɡ
һ죬ǱһΡ֮
лҲ˵³ҹźڣֲҶܵһʱգֻҪ£֮ڣҵִžƹˡҲǼʷ顣
϶˵Ȼǣͭˣǲһоֵú˼ǵõġ
лɹŹֵĿƬ̣Ĳӣȥ£˵ͭζġ
ôЦ

ϰߣоׯϵ˶ֵֹģͲ͡ɢ˵⡣
һڴо룬лдҵһ˶ֵʣʲô
֪ģΪڳǷ贫ϭģӵ֪
лѼ˵ֹĵܵܣеְ

ÿ͵ûףɺÿ͵ϲ𣿡
óȥתһȦܱҪ̹͵ͷӦˣлʰߣű¨ֻè˵ūղ׼۸ҵİݺ֪ȥ㡣
ֻ

лѲŲںŴ˳ź˳رߣڳرߵıÿĿӻڣİںͣڰߵţʣΪβո˵ţ
лѽͣﶼҰ㣬㹳ȥȻϹΪҪɵţ
˼վһ߿ţл֦ڵд֣лɸõҵЩѣֲ˼˵ᣬѾˣõҵûɡٲ̫Щ˵ȥˣȴ죡Ϲˣ
̷֦ŲæĹȥͣߴ糤㣬һ㶼ϡˣӽͰȥȤӹţҲ⣬֦ڵдд
ʣдʲôأ
һ⡣еûס
Цʣʲôֵʾ֭
л˵ѳߺԲѳߣһֵ𾴡

ľȵĿϹûлϹˣ
ŻŶæҵͣƳСŤţлץ㹳ͰַŽˮ
ɵʣ˭㲼õҵ
Ұ㡣
ʣ㲼ҵ
лѱɹƤ֮ǰ𪣬۵СȻĿɰ
ҵĹһֱڽֻ̣ÿ·ӣһ˽ӺͷΡ˵Ȼ
÷˼ʣΪλ᲼Ŀҵ
лѾ˵Ҳ̫ѾЩֵ˵һֱֻ⼸οҵЩѣż춼ûɡ
׷ʣЩʲô
Ժͬ࣬żѧӣѧӸò÷оٺѧڴѵԺǱѧʸô
ģ·𵥴˼ܵ˼ʣʦӺδ
лɸлѲõҵʵûôѣͻСлɻҪҪһ뷨Ҫ죬ֻѧ˼ˣΪܷһԺ޶飬лÿ·ӣͻȥϿΣ˵ʵͦģŸôԡ
ϾҲǵһҳûƵĽϵۡ

Ǵ븴ˣȵ˻ȥ·ϴ׷лѣлɸùʲô⡭
ȻȥʱͿлָӴ𣺡һ㣬ԹԲŹ񫣬ҵѾˣڿˡ
˵ļֵ۶еˣлѵĿ⣬лӦǸϽǻ۵ˡ
ǲǡ
磬ǸԸɷˣ𶼲ᣬɱɱҲᣬҿۡ
ȻúƢ˵ѧͻˣǰûɹ
Īڡ

лɰźտ֮Լȥ׼⡣
ˣһ򷢵ı죬лڵؿȡ˿ϣӹͷ
³ȥڴţ飬ţֻвСţĸţС
տ̯ȻԿɿӿ⵽ţ󿾾²ˡ
лȡһ̳ѾƣÿŶһ㣬˿ڣɬ˵ԭҲȫֿģġ
лЦ˵ƵĶˣƶġ

лֻһ᲻ȫȣűӺлɣ㣬ʲôƣ
ϣˮԡ
лѾϲʣϿˣ
лɳɵ˵Ǹ̫ðɣ㳤ˣҽȸúȵľƣƾˡ
лҲʧ˵ĵͷ
л󣬺ʣ𣿡
лЦе˵ҪЩʱ䣬ÿһ
ֵڴߣЩнʣʣѳߣԲѳߣν⣿
лĻͷлѣлѸϽ˵㣬ҽյûд꣬һǲᣬΪԲѳߣΪֵ𾴡
лʣΪΣ
лѿյƬ̲˵߹Ȼֵ𾴣ǲ߻һЩ
ôС˼ʵеΪˡ

Ǵȴɫˡ
ɫб䣬ҲյĿ⣬лҲŪЦ˵ֻһ磬ûжԴȫƾһ֮ԡɾأ
û뵽лҽν
лɼ³سȥ׼ˡ
ʹ˵ϵĵȫϣֻҪʶˣʶ࣬ĵ




63.  ʮ   ּ

ЩãȻ, ʮСױϴԵʱ򡣷ӽ̵Ĳġ
ѳѵǸ
ЦЦ˵Ǹ˵ĵ, ûжԴ, ûиߵֻ͡ˡ
סһ仰˵

, Ҳû취, Ӣ۹Ȼΰ󣬿ӢҲˡ

лɿʼ, ಽĸ̽ͷĿ, лʣ벻ѧ
ʹͷ
лվԱߵϿţС϶ļ, 򷢵ʱ, ͰһŶ, վſںҶˣֵˡ
εıٽ, лЦ˵ɲ۸㡣
վ߽, ˵Ҿ̫˵, Сûһҵġ
лɵ٩ɢͯӵɲǰġ
εЦ

Ž¯ʱ, ¯ȫƾл粻׷ȥ¯лѱūι㣬߿Ŵ⡣
лϴ;ߣϴݸĮ̃, лɿ˵̸ΪʲôϷģʽ
ֽӹӣʣʲôģ
лͷ룺룬ҾһΣеʱ֣ȥΣȥȥĵطլڼˡ
ЦЦ˵ϲʲôķӣ
л˵ǰĽֳ岻Ӱ°һԷһ𿴵Ӱûô뷨ˣԺԵ֡

Ц˵ȥΡ
лЦ˵˼
Ц˵ʲô˼ģ
л˼룬˵ȥƽô
붼롣
ƾʲô
˵治ֻǸ裬Ƥ⡣ÿġ
лʣܿ
˵ܣǱŮ˰ȫ
лüȫϴǸŮ㻳Ҫģģ
˵Ȼġ
лɣ㰲ȫˣǱƯռˡҲǱѣһⱻ˯˶û˵


Ծ˵˵лɡ̻˻˵죬ȥׯ԰ȥ԰֡
лйͼʲôأ˵ׯ԰ʼɣ£һҵׯ԰ʽũĶ͸¶ҲŲȥ
ô׼ţֻǲ䷨
йʣǲ鲻̫ã
лֵ˵ûа
ĬĬ룬Ů˵Ļĥ

лĲʣƽǸС㻹ڲڣ˵Ҫׯϵġ
˵Ǽ˰ɡ
лɶס˼ŤͷʣˣΪʲôˣ
ԸȢԸޣͳˡ
л˵Ȣأôһܿ衣
Цʣ𣿡
лɿ˵ЦģҪȢô죿ҪصģƵķϵͳ³ɳ񡣡

Цһһ׵ġô
лɣʵͱ硭һ˿Ц
˵һסˡĸɲûа칫ǰ˽ʱĸŮǺǾͿʼ̣ƶɣҲ˭˭ֻܱȸۣ˭˭䡣
ʱܲϰߣʿӶĹŮʿ٣ܻԿǻŮԲһѻŮԿǵЦʱˣҲͲǡ
ҲѧˣУֻҪۣǾͲ㡣еӲְѧĵҲ˼ʹϵѧ漼ܣ㲻ʲôʵı¡

˵һ벻˵ˣʣʵģǰϣ
лƵ˵Ȼ˭Ƶģһ̸ʮ꣬ò׳ˣժӣ˵Ҳҡ
ӣ˵㵨ӷǲǣ
лЦź治ǲǣ
ſڵлŵ̶壬ݵĻͷ³
˷ֿ˲Ž˵ɾˡ
л۾ʣˣ׻ˣ
ͷ
³ɾݰݷÿˣЩʱվܻ
лɳɵʣҪسǣȥӭӸ𣿡
³Ц˵ǵأɾЩ

³ȥлʣ˵Ҫлȥ˻飬𲻴Ӧ
ӦģʱҺġ
лɇĿ
ȻݣôҲŮ˵顣
տ̯ûҦش˾ˡ
лɼǸƣеͷۣô˴ȥ鷿˺裬ŲȥҦںʹĳǵ⡣

лɽ˵ǹģҦؽܣҵ֡
лɵЦ˵߶ǿ͡
Ҧʴϴ㷿￴黹𣿡
л˵ķ䣬սҦؾ˵ǰպͱֵ¡
ǲƵģʣ𣿡
Ҧؼ棬˵רǸ
лʣ
Ҧؼ˲ΪȻ֣˵Ҫһн£˭˵
лɿҦأʹ˵㿴ŴɣҲϡ
Ҧ˵ӣ̫š˵Ǵɵ˽ĪҪڹûϵǹأЩҾͲ˵ˡ

Ҧؼ˵Щ治Ҳû֤ףҲּ⣬ǵҪѼʱ˵ǰ쵽Ǳµ˼

лɺʣܲܰҵˣ½ͷ̫ˡ
˼ˣʣǹģ
ҦأǵǣǱµˣԺׯˡ
лžֹܾ
ʣʲôĿɲˡ
Ҧأ֮Ѿһ˵飬ϣ𣿲ɴ治
ʣּأֻϰֵּֽ⣬ĶϡҵģҾǸˡ
Ҧؼβյ㾿ʲô

л֪бǾһס
˵°ɣǼ๤פأ
ҦػֻǱ˽֣ǲ̫⣬ʲôǴʲôǡ
лӦ£ҿԴӦ
Ц˵֪һж𣿡
лɣ֪Խɣֵ룬ֵܣȥ̸

ҦؿЦõ˵ǿǡ
̫߽࣬˵ˣҾǸˡ
Ҧް취
ǳȥͰѾк˿ʼտˡ
ûôŵˣԺ˼ˣյôֶ˼ˣҵĵⲻˣ
ҦؿСп֣Ҧ硣
ʹ׽Թվڴ߹ԹԵĽҦ硣
ҦһˣָŴë׵ԴЩᡣͷ⣬ǻӦ
ץŴĸ첲磬ܲܶסա
סöС
ϲĴˡ
лĬĬ룬治ҳǸܼһҳ϶ûС

տ̯һֱ磬³Ҿƺȵļͨ죬лɺϲдˣϲһȺ˳Ա٩ɽ






64.  ʮ   лx

ԺһںȾ, ۲ͻȻļˣְй۲лɣлɷ·˭, ҦǱε, ˶֪ǰ;Ǭ, ߹·, л̹ȻЩ쳣ˡ
дҦ£λ, ȡдλôк
λ𣺡ĳ, 졣
Цк˵ǿͣׯϲ
˵ڵ, лɾд
Ц˵˵˵
лɺڳĥϳԵʲô, ź˵յⲻ̫ˡ
лɣǾɡס
Ц˵򵥡
лʰ԰ժ˲, ȰһȺ˽лкһȺ˳Է, , ÿһϸ۲, лɵĲ԰ӡ
лɽ˵ǽĵףǳ, ص׺ϵصʲô𡣡
Ҧس˿ףЦ˵ⱱص˿ѷϵصסлׯȻ߲š
лЦ˵Ҳ
ҦΪˣǸؾصˣлˣҲǸѰСӡ
лɿ죬涢, ˵˵Ǻ棬ܼˣⲻʲôϡġ
̧ͷϵı˵ѹˡ
һٷԵľ㷹

ڶһ磬лĺ磬ĵƻţżԺﻹվżˡ
ۿˣֱ˭˭
ҦԺҦҪȥֵǸҲѾ
лʣԵʲô𣿡
ҦؿЦ˵лׯԺȲ
лЦ˵ƶǸ໹ȨǼҲһͣϢҹһޡԺȻ¡
ҦЦ˵лׯǸˡ
лɿʵ˵ҦָʹĪҪȤҡ

ҦؿʼеϲлŮӣлɽȥݸҦأ·ϳ԰ɡ
Ҧس˿Ц˵лׯĳʳ档
лЦŲᣬҦأѾˣ³Ժлڿֵʴ˵ûṦһ˵
Ц˵㵱磿߱ڲڻ£
лһѣ˵ú˵㿴ѵɣ
ҡͷ򱾾˶ԱϰĶǣ;˲ࡣ
лɿ˲˵ȻȥԵ㶫ɣʵĹúýܣ˵׼ȫˣҪȻꡣ

ʧЦֶ˰ĺףȥɡ
ûн͡
û׼ָůʣܽȥ𣿡
лɴ˵Ȼԡ
˵ſţ¶Եĸߣů¶Ȼûȥů紺
ĴлɵϵƣϵĲƤûϡܿһƬɫ
ʣĲǺʱֵģ
лɣ󡣡
ʲôȡů
лָָǽ˰ǽȵǽȵĻͷлɡ

лɵѾ˻٣עˮĵ뻹ףҲˣոǰʣʲô
лʵֵͣĸ߲ĵҪС
ɫŵܾòлҲߡȥ³տ˺󣬻л˵˻˼ҡ
лʣôˣ
³˽ſһ˶һڣǹȥˡ۾ˡ
˿ʮ꣬һСǰ󣺡лֵطʲôԣԸһСΪū
л³ˣʣô£
³˵ǱֻмĶСŮòŮβһûơ
лʣ𣿡
ʵҡͷлʣʲô
ʵ˲˵
л³أ
³˵ˣ̫ˡ
лָӰ䣺Ǯȿ˲˵
˸ؿͷлܲˣĸӣǱܡ
лİ壺һ˵£Ժ˵ȿɡ
˳ȥˣŽȥʣôˣ
лɣҸоҪʼزپҵˡ
ûףɻĿ
л˵ƶҵ֣ƶᣬԣ·
ĿʼЦͣ

лŤͷЦ
ûɹлԺҪЯ
лû˵ǮˣĲ㡣
˵̺ڣҪġ
ʣղô£
ϿһңΪūһһУ˵²£ز
ǿּ飬ƶﶼȱ㡣ܵȥ֡

Ǿصְɣֵػ
ӶԼ
л̾꿴ɣ¶ǣǵ˼

ֵׯס˼պسȥˡ
лҲʲôʱѾ׼˿ʼػԺһȦ
ٽ󺮣ѾܶˣлڼҲȥ
ֵ׼ĵڣлкƽʱĥʱʼͶʼƬ
ĥԺ·УлɶԺͷۣüԱߵİʣ˭
¾ϲ˵ˣ
лֻһͷ˵ˡ

лxʿֻһǰ泵ᣬһ
վ·ھȵĿŷӺԺӣ³֡
лɵĸо벻һӣͷ𣬵ǸӣܸߣЩлɺǸˣˡ

ȥˣлüųһֱ˽Ժӣ³һȸū
лɲŻлx磬ЦҼȸūܿˡ
леƵļЦǵǣ׳Ͷ٣ȽϢ
лxſԺӺһŷӣпʲôǵģ
³ϲĸܣֱлɿеޡ

лɺյĴ˵Ϣ׼
лxһӣż
лɻͷͼһ۾Ȼɫģ˫Ǵźӡ
лﾪ̾лxʲôʺȻȢôƯţ

֪лxȴ˵ЩˡЪŰɡ
лɿ̫ϲˣˣ˵ҪҪϢһ
Ǽ檣Ƿлxģлxڲ˹ģʱһͬĻãܺ󱻴İлxǮ֮Ҳһֱ⼸ĺܺá
ЩܳӲǷɾūʲô¾ܷԸҡ
ллx
˶ū

лɳ˳˵ɾϲҪɡ
лɿ̫ϲˡ
Ҫ㣬ȥˡ

³лxȥмķ䰲١лɲŲ£˳׼ˣͻȻסһʱ֪ôƺǻ˼С裬ֽвڣδرֻʮꡣ
ϸϸ۲ųǺϲĿˣлʱĿﻹ̾Ưǵƫ






65.  ʮ   лIӡ

лϲ, ϲ̵ı˱˵ºˣɾˣȸū²ôˡ
л˵, ֹ, ϴλũׯͿˣ
ɻ, ָ, ˰æлڳ￴, ԱЩн, 濴ʱܳȥæĸолŤͷ, ۾ôüƯ, ׵۾ͦ, üٶˡ
ֱԣʣˣ
յµĻЩ, ޼ɵĹ۲Լ, Ĵ𣺡ʮꡣ
лʹ˵, ŶлIŶ, ôСĹͷôµȥ֣

ЦеİοʲôǣصԼļһҪʲôܺ˵
ʹʲôʱɾģ
Ĵ𣺡Ԫꡣ
ź˵ôûиɾһŮ
лæ˵治ˣѲôûʱˡ
ˬЦ˵ҪӶรܹǺ¡
˵Ĳٲˡ
лɼ, ôƯʣŮӶôƯ𣿡
ûףϾˣòﲢÿζŵͼ֪ɾŮĻá
ʵĴ𣺡Ҳúÿ
лɼֱ벻ñÿǺεȵˡ

ǴŹѾܳʦˣ¶̨񣬺Ǹ˵ﻹû֪ˡ
л֪Ϊ飬Ͼ²οղæȥҲãҲҪ׼꣬½һլҲʡ
Ȼĵͷ
лѽϿȥˣҲûˡ

лɿ˻ɫòˣȥԺʰĶˡžҪæлɻӻ֣վſžˣЩ
лIڴڿĽ֭ϲһɻ³ׯô£
³ڵˮźϴ
ȸūǷծҲˡ
лI⣬Ťͷһ̴ٲȻɾлɡ
мûŮˣֻǵǰЩƤյĳݳε͹СǲͬҲ¿࣬ĸţü˾顣

лI˵˵˵ɡ
³ó£ȸūӴǮԺӣûسȥһֱׯϿճɲծ½ȸˣȸūд־ݣȥǮû˽ݡ
лIüʣ½ң
³Ƭ˵ȸū½ҵɾ˵ס
лIЩʶߵغ˵½µȷʵ䲻ҵȸū
лʰ궹ͷͿлIվڴǰһƤʲôã

лIˣ֣ȸū
лɿеɣĥĥȥˣرģɣ͸
лɽȥлI˼·װɵʣס
лIʤĸп

лСƵĶ˶վţСӵɬкͽ䱸ǾûܡлIһĿȻֻζӳ¡
˰Σ˵ˡ
лɆЦ˵һˣûʲôģһЩ
лIֻó죬ﳨЦˣ˭ѧģо
лͻȻһֺøУ˵ĳӡҪһ֮Եܾ˺ܳʱ˵ĸолIףźû׸ӾĹء
˵Եֿܾ

˾䣺ҲоﳤϢһԺ÷лѽϿȥˣܻ
ٲȻҳһڼ︺ˡлIЩ֪κ

Ų˵ȥݲ衣
³ˮҲȥˡ
лɿӰлIΪ⣬˵Ǹˣʱð
лɲĿû˵ġ
лI¶޵˵õĹˡ
лͻȻףæ˵ֻÿ
лIžԼŮ˵ȷʵеΪϲ𣬸Ŀʣȸū˵˵ׯҵ

лʣǸø׺˵˵ںϵ𣿡
лIֱ׳˿ʲôԵĵطεЦ˵ȸū㰢ǲͬ
лæʣֿɰã
лIͦõģĿǰ̩Ҳڳر
лʣﱻôã
лIüǲ˵ֿ⣬ʣ½ʲô˼
лһ񣬼ûʲôϲ񣬱صʣ½Ů첢ϲңô½¶Ů׼ң
лIѽСŮ˵ʵϵ̾˵£˵
лɽӲ磺æ˵
³Ժлɣǰˡ
л˾䣺ŶˡлI˵ЪϢһȥæˣżշ˵
лIţεЦܲ

ЦʣɾϢ𣿡
лIںϣϰڵСϷŲߣкɣҲЪЪ
ɵĸ裬лI˿ڣ嵭Ұջ̾˿ȸū˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
οȸū˺ܺá
лIе㲻֪ô˵̫ˡеİԭׯյʲôûУׯԣ
˿ڲ裬ɫ꣬Ҳ˵

лɳţ³ڵҵˣֿʼͷ
л˵˵£ﲻܶ¹Ůôˣ
Ǹ׸жµ˵һˣлСӵľ֮
лɻǸ׵ĸ첲ĳ˵:ȻܺãͺúóҩǧĪҪˡǴףȥ׼ȹɣһе˵һΪūΪŮڣҪôūʲôŮ˫Ǻ¡
俴ҪϺܶ࣬үүһЩݺᣬлɰο񣬽Ǽҡ
籡
лЦЦ˵ԺҪҵİ׼һݼױԺӻء
Ķӿʵͽֻ
лɼʵһζĲˣԽ㷲ſ˵лǣǮģǵҩǮ𣬾Թ˰ɡ֪ͨǣ԰ɣ
˵ҪǮӾҼҰ籣ǼҵĶˡ
лװŭ⣺˵ʲôʲôֻҪžͺˡҺæûʱΪ³Ƥôˣȥɡ
˵תȥˣʵ˾͵ֱ˵
лߺ³˵ȥɣȸūƼȰ籵Ĳˣеǻᡣ
³Ȱ˺󣬲Żؼȥˡ

лɽ˳Ͱ緹Ѿ׼ˣлɽ˵Źζô
л˾䣺ǿɡ
æ˵Ҹɾͽȥ
лɲں˵ûôĵһٷһ԰ɡ

лIн˽춼ен³ԼЩûˡ
лȵ˵:׳²ˡ
лϵлIûмʶˣһǴŹǾ׵ֵסˣлɼԵ⡣󷽷˵һԷ֣׾أ
лIЦ˵Ȼȸūˡ
лЦŻӦ³ׯϵ£ʲôġ
ֱлɲɾ־ǸܺõСӡСĵĹ۲ϵˡ




66.  ʮ   

лɿлIһ, ;ȻлIҲʮ꣬һزĴ, 䲻ľɫ//ĳ֮Σ
˳, ǾԵķ, ҲаĽͻϲ, Ծ˵һμѻ֪, ǵ, Ǽµ顣
ҲлIȷʵںģҲõĽֿܾǼ޸лI, лɲϲĽ֡
Ů̫, ǿ߶ߵѹե

һֱչлIԷԼǶǵȻϲ, лûסڵ˵ϲˣˡ
˵òá
лЦ˵ׯƽʱҲûʲô£ʲôʲô, 㶯֡ûô, ϲ, ֻҪֵ²Ҫ㲻þн
Ц, ˫۾ֱɫЦȫǹʡ

лIʣׯϽЩʲô
лɴ𣺡סӣʲôС
лIʣֵ
³˵׾ȸūֵס
лIȵĿ
лЦʣײţ
лIʧЦȸūΪֻ
лɼȷʵûжǹظ, ʣϷ𣿡
лI˿Ѿƣ޵ĵ⵹ǵصݵѾƣνǺɰٴ֮

л̽ʣǸ׵أ
лIüʣȸūǺʱѧı£ΪЩ̾硣
лƽȵֻ׻켣о֪ģЩѧġأ˵̫ƽ˿⼫
лI˿ûоȣƽ˵ǲ̫ƽݽɾŻ磬Ժڳס
л
ȴЦ˵òˡ

лIЦĿһۣʲôû˵Ťͷ³ˡ
лѣЩ֡
緹лɴлIλȥݣ󶹽
һ￪¶ʼḯ
󶹽ḯ񣬾棬ˣ֪Ž׼á
۵Ƭûˣ䲻ڣûͶ
һЪϢḯʣ󣬰ȥ᲻᲻ã
ǸˬŮˣ͸һɺˬˬʵЦ˵ʲôҪܳϢʱȻġ
лɲò󣬱˵Լĺӣǰôãʵ᲻õġ
Ц˵е᲻áԺҪȢһӣһССׯкӻҪȥҪȥĵطܳɳ
ͷ˵ȸū㣬ĸ
лૣǶãҾͻá
ȴ˵أ½ҵգ˲ȸūҪٲͣԼЩġ
лЦ˵׻ˣȥȥǵ뺸ˣǾ佫Ϣˣʱ򡣡
ʧɫӦģȸū
лʣΪΣ
Ͽҵ˵ȸūɾЩᡣǺˣ걻Ϊ£ҿˣҲɾƣǲųɼңЩɾֹˡ
лɷǸ˰뱲ˣȻǶûзǱɵĵ³Ҳֻһ֮ƣ³Ѿ˰뱲Ӽҵþˡ
ִ˵ȸū˵Щû
лյ˵һĶľƫƫˡʲôȣǾ𣿡
סˡ
˼˰Σ˵ɾֵ׳꣬ʣǺɾƴҲ¡

лͷƤֻۡ

˻ûĳȻˣлѼҴҵʣ׻𣿡
лվſڽѵЩɣððʧʧģС㸸ʰ㡣
лѷҲ㸸ס
лɼҲεĿЩίĴʧЦ

³̵Ĺȥʣôˣôί
лҲ֪Ǿۣеһ۾ܿ
лIķŬŬ졣

ʣΪˣ
лҡͷ
壺ôˣҲˣ
лЦûӣҵļҲŵǲǲˡ
ЦЦ˵𣿡

лɵɢһЩЦδˣһҪŮˣûһ̵ġ
Ц˹ʣ𣿡˵Ŵս¡
ŵл̺һĶ
ʣҲܰ׵֪ģǸˣԿġ
лɶʲô̼ˣ
ſ򣬿ϷûУͻȻ㡣
л̷ڣҡ
һӣЦ޿ֵ˵㿴ҸҲҡ
лļʶĵ飬ͷһ㡣
ӶôЦ
лһš

ȶˣлI˯̫ƣԺ䣬³ڵů˲ůڵġ
лI˴üлɡлװû

񣺡޼֮л
лIַ𣬿к:ҾòڼңղŹȸūĹա
Ц˵ũϵ츳ĸߣԺ֮Ҫ̴ӡ
ΪлҪǮҵлɵġ
ĵߡ

лû˼лءлIк鷿һ϶鷿ȹġ
ûгԡ
лڷϸã˰Σлɼ棬룬ɣƯˣûܾܾ
лѴֵʣ㣬Ҫʲô
лɱסˣ̽Ĵ𣺡С裿
ֹˣ̸Ǿͽĸɡ
Լ˵ᡣ

ϲü۶ˣлɲһƺʲôø˵ģлҲ̫֪ǲ׼ū
лѳŹǣһ㶼Է˵ҽ½ˡ
лɺʣ㲻ȥԺ𣿡
лѣ½׼µѡ˵ҪУʮԺȡǰʮ볯

лɺʣֱڹ𣿡
лѣ֮ǰֱӵ볯ģ˹١ֻǼٵһˣȡʮˣԺʱնϰΡ
лȻĵͷֲá
Щ˼˵ľ˾ˣԺ̾壬˵·½ھһƼɫ
лɺͬپͲԶܲǿȻЩµġѣҪúѧһ٣ľʫҪлҲմ˵
лѹ죬ȥ˵˵Ҫ츳˵Сʱѧһƾܵˡ
л²ҪˣðɱڵѧֱǴڴӡ

ȣࡣ
л磺˵ĲŲˡ
лʣ㵹˵˵ˣڴҵСܲͷ
лѹ˵һкܶ
лɾǲúѧҶܱ֤ⱲӶβ͡˵ѧ
лһ߳һߺ죺㲻ֲ˵Ҫƽϡ
лʣ˵ʲô˵һ飿
лѳɵظ㲻Ůܺƽϡ
лĬܺãݵһҪ߽ݾˡ






67.  ʮ   ٽ

лIķѾ, лɻڵƵʵ鿴ֲ꣬˽Ϊ³赾׵Ҷʿݻ, ԼȵĴֲڵɱҩɱһͨ, ǻûЧ

ůĵӵǳòлɻڵ, ƹ⽫Ӱúܳ, ˵Ʒе㽿Ķ, ˡ
վ￴, Ҳ˵ֻǿ, ˾, е΢Ŀܡ

лɼ³ò˵ͷ۲ŷǴʣлʲôأл˲̫Ϳ, ҷܾ
ͬ˵ԣܾ
л²ۣΪʲôѺúõ⸱Ʋģʰ̯ӣĴõȥˣ

лIĵĴǹ¬飬Ǵ⹫
лIҲ, 嵨¬Щ֪֮Ͷ, лI, һ׵ܳʣ¬鼫ϲĵࡣлIںϾ, ¬Уչĺ½£½յлIȣ˳ƶס
лIԭǣҺӳԭ˵ãҵȸūϧӳ볯, ٺ׾Ͳˡ

ԭ¬鶨µ£Ǵлɡ
лI½£Ҳ˵½ǰʱʲô¬׹Ҳ¬Ǿ֪֮޹䡣

лһͨıԹЦ˵˭֪أͷ˰ɡ
л̾ӹ֮һҰɣҵƢˣе̲סˡ
ʣ£
лɷ˵ˣлҪǲʵС
ЦŮ˿һ⡣
еҲףԼϰߡϲ˵ˡ

˵ţлɲСܲͷ˵:л˵ʲôˣҲǰɣ
ϣûС
лɺЦҿ̫ˣٸҽҵƤҾÿ
ʶˣͻȻսʣôҺÿ
лɱһ߿
˫ȻСϸˣԺˡҪسǣǰûʱ㣬£šлIׯϵ¡ֻġʲô²ҡ
лİţƢҲˣпȻڶˡ
ʣʲôд𣿡
лɳʵ˵Ҷ롣
˳˵Ǿרֻ֣¡
лûشͻȻеˡ

˵ؼң컹ܿļš
һ仰˵лЦˣϣҰһ
߶߶ĽɽҺõַˣףԺһϲʱˣȥȺǨʱڵľһҪ
л죺׳ľɫ̫ˣܶ
Ҽ׳ȥ

лɿЦ˵ϽĶǧһ޼ʣ﹡ߵǱҪһСʱϧûмҼľɫڹϡ
ķɽɽӵ׳صĹǵĶءлŮʿɰˡ
лЦٿҶûãڼûǮҲû͡
ǿ䣬лСȷʵһλ˲Ů
л̾ллĿ佱ҶˡҲһλʿҼĻһλ
ЦŴˣȥ˯ɡ

ڶմǣһȥлɼʣȥԲ𣿡
䱻٩죬˵˵
лɽץʱɣСӣûˣҪæµһ궼δػϽġ
䱻ǿȵװһʳ⸬ɡ
лɿһʳĥһܾʲôһŲ˵˶׵
ĴæȰĪ֣͡
лɲ̫˽˽жأĿ˵ͰԲġ
ôָӣҲš
˶лɲŽů޵ůһԶͦ׳۵ģ³ûбôůûֲߺʼů﷭أлIʶůĻųͷغࡣžọֽ̀ӹĳͷ
лһ̴򣬰ڰ˵·У㣬ҿʰˡ
лIû뵽ɻӵġ
лһȷʵˣʣ״ǰǲûɹ飿
лI
лҲ⣬һ߷ֲ裬һ˵:ũȷʵҲûʲôġ
лIһ࣬һ־ء˵ũϼ츳ֵĸ֡
лɺ֪飬лIײسס𣿡
лI˵ȥɣЩѣҪ߶߶
лɣ½ң
лIЦ˵ֹ
лɻͷʣܰҰ½ҵ𣿡
лIʣΪʲô
˵Լȥ˹½¿ҡ˵ףлIȥ˵ҵʱˣôˡžҲôʡ
лIϸʣȸūȷʵ½½½ӵɫһСв
лɿЦĻ˻ӳͷԼ˵Һ½ջ켣䣬½ڽر𡣡

лI棬˵ȸū߰ɡ
ֻҪлɻͦϲ˧ģлIȷʵ
лɷ³ͷС·һֱߣȥһƬıѾˣ⡣
лIϤʣȸū
лЦ˵Ƭȥø׳ҵźۡ
лIԺЩп룬ȸūĵʶȳɫӣ䡣ʱһޡ
л룬лҸøҵʲôأ㲻ǰȥġ

ŮɢԴŸԵ˼
ó⣬һܲ⡣лɴȤлI׺ø
лI㵿Ƭ̺Ц
лɺ֪˵ɲܸա
лIֻЦӻ
³лɲյѣֻú棬ֻҪװɵûϷ˵ˡ
лIǲֻлѣѧˣ
лڳ⣬𣺡ѧ塣
лIʣԺͬúô
л̧ۿлɣȻʵ𣺡ǣҼˡ
лIèˣû׷ʡлϲ⣬һסлò˵ллĸ
лIοЦ˵ѾȻôйˡ
л˵ҸʱԱ֢Ƶģ˼˵

лѵЭĿ佱ܸˣлɶߵ㣬ùջܲܳԽӣ
лҲʣʲô
ըɡ
лɺ⼸æȹù˸
лѺлIҰĳȫһײſԳ
лɣĿ
¶лIЦ

лIæµŲźǰлIȰ˵˵ɣոһسǣ׼¡
лɣ״лѻȥˣҾׯϹ
лI֣
лɿŲͻرˡл˵æòũ£ʼҾҪţײعҡȸūΪŮûأҵøײ
лIؿʣԣȸū²ң𣿡
лɱʳЩΣЦȻŸ׵ġ
лI϶˵Ҳǿ󣺡аɣʰسǣԼע塣
лĿʼеϲˣʶʶȤе˼
ϰл˵ûлش޼ңֱȥ˳ʷһ֮ǰȥ˿ջ
лʣջ̶ӻˣ
ҡͷ
л룬ǹսȥһ˱ȽϺá

˳Ǿֱջ廪š
˾˵ɾȫˡ
ͷֱ鷿ź˺ܾãͬдѾˡ
ոд꾡Ĳ²⣬⻹Щ󵨣ȻûȫµҲˡ




68.  ʮ   ˵

лɽ, ŵƽʣѾǹˡ
лxûлسǣлҲߡЪ˼, ׯת˼, еֲ˼, о, ԭֻ˵лɽ̵ġ
лxȤԽԽˡ

ӽŽкܽ, ҪȥߵĴ޼һ, ʮлxҪׯ͡޼Һ󣬹øҲ, һװ, ЦƣлһС
лһѣǹֵĴߵɾȥ, ٲȥˡ
εЦųԺȥˡлæ˵ֻһûʱȥôˣ
лɰο׶ͦõ, ڽ, ҽðЩ, ùõʱͬøŵܵһҪ
лʣΪβسǣ
лЦ˵Žְɡ
лϼЩȸū½ҵ¡
лʣùʲôϢˣ˵
лϾⲢǺ, Щ˵Ҳ˵ģ¼ҹλˣ˵μֶŮϲӲҪֶŮһ¡֮Ҷ֪£ҲſЦ
л˼½Ӳȥ
Ͼ¼Ȩ½֮ϡ

лϼлȰ˵֪¼½ҵ, Ҳſ½ôȸūҪ£ֻˣȻԿ
лЦ˵ùòصǣᴦġ
лһлxĹǣл˵ҲòǴ¡
лο浥ˣǱȽ׿ġ

Ӵ޼ҳҲûŽֹţ֣ÿνǶ飬ΪµУʱʱѧӽ
лɽȥ˼ָл˼ڷ־ʣôˣ
лɱͷ½֮վ

ԼڶĲ¥ϡ
лİܵܣǸӣϧͥˡ
½֮Ҳû֮ǰôˣй緢ĳЩðʧǺʮһˡ
лɵ˲¥һɻ֣ݵز鷳Զֳɵġ
½֮ƼҵĲ費
лЦЦ˵ʵǸˣ衣ò͸ҿϧˡ
½֮ȴ˵ǵδأϲ裬Ͳϧ
лͬǵҲǣˡ

½֮ϲ̹ϡϵ飬Լ˵ղ˼μǣȸūҪϲҸոȥ
лֵĿ
½֮ţ飬˵ȸūطңԼڡһȸūѡȸūܰҵ𣿡
лɶĿܾãҺܸˣѡ

½֮רעĿ˵ΪȸūˡΪΪƵʧ
лɹһСӣôҺùһ㡣ǲһ볯Ϊ٣ıľˡ
ʵ˵ǴеĽףǷ֪ܲÿһϷ򣬵ǻӵһ˲ķˡ
½֮ͷȸū⻰Ҽסˡ
лŤͷŴеķЦ˵ǣƯ
½֮ͣǵġ

֮û˵ڻԼ£лɺѧˣ½֮ܳʷ½֮רҵϸ
½ֱ֮Ѿǳʱˡ
Ӷиһֱߵʷ˲ڣ¥廪ڶˣžȵ˵ɾȥˣ׻
лֵʣû˵ȥϵأʲôˣ
廪Ц˵иܹܳˣɾȥߵĺܼ
лҲ⡣

˶ﶼѾϵˡ
жϵĶ˺ܶ࣬ж˵ɾվƺȶˣҲûԶǸŮһһ㡣
лν˵Եˡ
³ȥʣ·ʲôˣô
ȥжˣл˵ˣʱ䡣أ
³ɾׯתһȦúȶˡ

лɲԶ׼Ļԣ˳ڲϿҿ
лxʱлɻʣȸūˣ
л˵ĿŮû㶼ĵģ

۲клɣ³˵ûԣһ԰ɡ
˶ڣԵҲ򵥣˰棬棬лÿˮźۣлxĳһЩ
˸˵ֵźۡ
лx˿ڣйɵζоЩգϲл˹ļ˵ûй𻨣򵽹𻨣һ޹ۣһۣóԡ
棬˹лɺţһлxСһۣԵ˵ȸū˵ģֻСѡ
лɼҫ⼸죬ʲôˣֻ׼Եġϵص÷ˣʱԡǶûԹ³϶ϲ
³Ц˵ȸūҶϲ
лˬ˵꣬Ǻúù
лx˵ҾͲسˡ
лЦ׻û⣬ӣͱ⣬ҪǵˣһҪһκͻ
ܵʮֲ˲

лxȻĶˡ
лɼϹ˵ף½ҵ£ʲôʱ
лxЦʣ̲סˣ
лԼƤν˵ܲһֱţ½ҲҲһֱҶס㲻Ҳϲ½𣿡
лxĴЦ˿棬˵½µĲѧ˵ġ
лʣѧãũ𣿡
лx̧ۿһֵۣͷˣ˰β˵е£һūţܱһΣܱΡ
лľ

лɾĿлxȴ˵ˡ
л̲סʣҽɣлȥþƣ
лxЦûصСӣ
лɲŲܣطѰ̳Ѿڵĸϣ˵Ȳġ
лxͦϲɻ龢ģǰûʲôʱͶŮദʮ궼ߣû뵽ŮȻ

лɳ˼棬ںԱʣǸ¬˭
лx游
лһ飬ʣ˭
лxַըԭ㶨µ£ǴӳʱѾ಻ܸʵˡ
лſھ˵ҲţŮף
лxȸū£ΪҲء
лɣ˵ɣô½Ҫǲףô죿
лxȴ˻⣺ӳɵ治

лɳ֣˵ûã˵½ôɡ
лxĺܣ΢Ц˵ǾҪ½ôˣϾΪһ̼֣ܺ͹ٻ˼ͻ
лָָָ̫ˣ
˵˿Ѿƣʣǣ½ˣ
лxôֻ֪Ͷˡ˵ӳְͬҵҾʳʱĹͶҡ
лСĵʣңûʲôްɣ
лxü豭ľһɺ˵𢣬٣Լѡ·Լ·
л˵ԣԼ·ҵĸ߲֣ҿ֪ġҪʲôԹһܸ˵˵͡
лxĴЦŮԽԽȤˡ

лɼ⣬ʣ¬鵱ʱѰ࣬ΪνŮ޸޼ң޼ֲǺŵһ㡣
лxǸгˡ
ӳɵ뽫Ů޸ңϧȥһˣˡ޼ϷԼףܿͶ˴޳̡
л춼ſˡ
ôɴı˵Ŷϧҵı˵
Ǹ˶㲻ĵ




69.  ʮ   лxĵ

лxĿɿڴ, Цʣأôʶ޼֮ģ
лһ䶼٣˵£𳶵ҡ
³, Ų, ŸŮ, ֻεЦ
лxŭûûС
лɾٱϵı, ͷһСھ, Ȼ˵ҪƽЩС¡
лxһ, ˿η䣬Цſ
˵ʵ, лɾе㲻, ĵطͦġ
ʣûȢİڹ𣿡
лx̿ԽԽû, İ
л˳˵Ⱦ죬ֲҵ󽲵ͼʹû취Ⱦˡ
лxǱ˵ˣƵ, һںƵ⸺ܿ, ܿ޽޼, ҵ
лɸоԼڵһϡ
Сĵ̽Ұأ
лxһۣ·С˼һĿȻ, Ҳ⣺㰢ǸƽŮӣϧ
л⣺Ұűٻȥˡ粻ⷲˡ
лxĴЦ
л۵룬ҪΪİԣҲ׶԰ɻѡ
лxҲЩп㰢ת۶ôˡ
л˵, ʶôŮǺҿЦ

лxϵı飬Цÿ˵ȸūǲǾңס
лɣңûɷ涨ĸҪһΪŮšͦõġ
лxЦţô꣬ҾȻ֪ȸūң֪ôһ⡣
³æȰ裺ɾʹãȸūС
лЦ˵ڣԺл͸ҲǿԵġ
лxǷϣüأ½Һʹ޼ңһңΪȥ˵ϡ
л²ۣһ׸˵Ļ½֪Ǻûꡣ
лx˵½ֺξ壬ǰɳ³ٳȣǨɳ㿴ڣǰɳһռôˣ
лɣ޼Ҳ͡
лxĿһۣɵ˵޼Һǰ˲ͬ
лɶβУʵЩʣ޼ôһˣ
лx˵޼غ˭׻ġ
лɣǾ˵޼ҾȨգǿô򵥣
лx޳̴ˣࡣ
лɣҷҲǵзˡ
лxʧЦлɲЦʣܺǰʦн飬ضй֮˵˵ɣʲôͱ˵ˡ
лxЦͣ³ҲЦлxתͷ³˵ˣ
³ϵĻңףŸŮˣлxɾٲѧܺãɾһֵ࣬Ǽֵǡ
лɾȵĿлxһ͵͵²ֵۣ֪ʲô𣬾͸Ϲ˵

ǸҼʶʶһǸûСӣû
лxЦź³˵һ㶼ϡ˵ģϳģƫƫŹɱصһ㶼û
лɰԵʣҰʲô񣿡
лx˵㰢õӡ
л˵ҾûƯЩǿǾɫ
лxûסʳָָ£ˣľƾƾͺȵȥ˯ɣһˡ
˵ˡ
лŤͷգ㲻Ҽʶʶĵɡ
лx߳ţ˵֪ˡ

лx˯İãлɾͲˣͲסȣһϷȥ˯šлxڳЦԷǣʣô棿
лˡ
лxȴ˵ûֽʣҿû취
л֮ǰͼõĹ߶ָָ˵
лxûķ䣬űķסˡ
Ӷ飬СĶһźŷԱܡԱߴ鶼ɢչֽʡ
лɿ۷Ĺߣ˵ҪյȰɡ
лx۹Ĵͷͺϵıվǰıʼ͡
лɲľֽϷֽʣұ˵Ҫҵޣֽ˲١
лxʧЦӹֽֽ̿ѹƽϸϸĥīԳ˵ܾûˣûңҴŻǵġ
лɣǾͽ̰ѰɣѾˡ
лxպīϸϸĹգȼʣԺľ쾡µչֽϡ
īϵԳһɡ
лɿеģŻ̾Ҹ˵ܱȵùӦòࡣ
лx̧ۿһ棬ֻЦ
лϲԾİͽ˵ҽȥϺõֽȱˣһô
лxʣǶ⡭
лɣ˵˵˵⣬⣬ҶѰ
ȵ緹ʱлɵĶѾλˡлxԶֱ֡лĲ׻лx⡣

ʮ죬лx˼ɡ
лΪĻֱǧ˳
һĺòˣ˳Եļĸ˺ʨͷ㡣
زġ
лϴŴݻңһڿԺȣллˣſڳ͵ԣūԺ֡
Ҳһֱڳæлϸпôûֵһ㶼û䡣
лɺʣǸ״ǰʲôģ
лϣʱȸūһװŰֳ˻죬ִڹ¥ĻӮ˾ڸھ¥Է
лＵʣǿûɹôŵ£Ұְоһ黭Ȼڲݺųȥһпһ˵ǻۡ

лϸпĩҪȻһסգɩһæ֮ڼҰæǼ֮Ҳ֪ȥˣɩæת
лʣû˵𣿡
лϣ˵ɩҲұԹˡ
лһ廪˵ȥϵأϵ£Ҳûʲô˵ġ
οа£æ⡣
лҲͣҲԣҲǣ׾ȥȥѰҲǡ
лʸˡ

лxºãһ˺һ죬ѾĲˡ
лûһס¡
лҹȥҴʷƻͨջﲻ߲ݣл¥ֱķ䣬ƹĸںŽͣɾĲڡ
лʣܽȥ𣿡
ƹʵĴ𣻣ԡ
лƿ˵˵أԼأ
ƹļƺĿʼңû취˵ɾû˵ֻеǮ
лɾȵĻͷƹĿӶʮ꣬غĳ࣬Ųˡ˲Ǭˡ
лɵĪЩʣʲôҪôǮ
ƹȷʵֻ֪ǰοɾֻ£ʡ
лѹʣͲʣǲʲô鷳𣿡
ƹĹص˵ɾĹؾ˵ĻԼǽĴ£Ʋ˵
лʣ߶Ǯ

лѴ˰˰ٻءǱĸǹǰϵıīķ
ƹľ͸лɰû£æİɣҲǵϰ壬øҡ
ƹȴ˵ɾ˵ˣлӣͬлӵ˽ӡǮ
лɲŵĿʣɾ𣿡




70.  ʮ   ǰϦ

лֻ֪, ȱǮȥʷĿջȥȡһֱ⣬Ϊϸ, Ǯһֱˡ
ƹЦ˵ɾĵɾҲߵż
лʣ˵ʲôʱ𣿡
ƹģû, ɾֻ, ǰһ
лûȥϵ, ֪г̣ʣﵽ, ͨҪã
ƹѿڶĻ, ֻҪա
лȻûã۶ӡ
̾, Ȼĺƹ˵ȥæ, 廪˺˵һ
ƹߺڴϷһͨ˼, ǰŶˡ
лŤͷ۵ϵֽ¨ֽһһķ, ж񾭲Ƶġ
Ψһһǻŵֽ, д۲, Ҫֻֽȥ

лɿ, ȷʵЩϵ鷳
ɵĽֽϸƽñں˾䣺ҵš

Ժһͻ˽⡣˼ңӹ˶û
л£³Ͱţ, æ˵ڴţЩԵġ
лЦ˵ԣʲôԵǾɣʱǲ
Ц˵ȻҽһˣȥƤҪʲô˵һ
лɿţЦ˵룬Ȼ˵
˳³˵ȥɾû
лݺ裬˾ƣ
³Ӧȥˣ佫̨ϣлʣԲϿɾ͹ˡ
䲻˼˵ϴνǴȥйһ죬Ƚս˵
лЦ˵񻰣㻨Ǯɱ᲻û֪𣿡
ɬǮһûꡣ
лЦ˵ǣкҪһ㡣
ֹлɣҪʲô
лɿţ⣬ĥƬ̣˵ȿεġ
ȥ׼ˣлţ⣬˰Σ˼ţʡ
ůժЩϣ˼ܾݴݷľ͸
ը㣬ıп飬ľкãһܾݴŵϰ׺ɫͣһƴ̾ͳˡ
һ衣̫ܳˡ
˰죬̫ˣͰ˵ȥֻ
ֽ䣬һֻ顣
ĺлɵѾڹˡϸϸţеó˵ɣ͸˵ô
лЦ˵û£öУͺˡ˵ʣù𣿡
ˣչСϴ
лЦ˵ùýջסһ졣
ǵʣȸūȥҵһǳʲôˣ
лɶֱҳŵĴû£ȥϵأȥ
пʲôʱǶɼˡ
˵緹һˣˡ
лЦ˵£˯
˼վ߿ţţϸϸ˺õţû㹽øպϣ¾ģһҪһԼһĢ

ˮˣţˮ̳ٻˮţĩŽĩտ
ˮ˷飬ζκͺۣȻ͡
󽫼˳ſӵνȥѸٽ

ûҲû
лʢ룬ð˹ȥúȾƵ˺һ㡣
лϺʹӨӨлкȺ
ûһͼлxˣڲϺлʣȸūʲô
лɽ˵ţ
лxͷǷǳϲ˵̽Զȡ
лɣǸûһô
лxεЦϺˣЦ˵ǿҪЮˡ
лԵõʣײӦ𣿡
лxЦŵת߱˵ѧɣҾͲǸˡ
лĴЦҲЦˡ
ͼ׵ƴһֱõ
лxĳǳ۷
лЦ˵˹ܵסˡ
лæ˵ҿɹܲסֻǲ׵ĵࡣ
лԺ˵ɢ˵ţܲء
лˣɢˡ
û뵽лxȻǸеϺŵЩɨɮ˼

лxѣлһңлɻ˯ںϸű³ڴɨԺӣҲ
㱼μʹվںߣԶĺһɫһ˾ˡ

лx˵ߴˣȿѺԺԹʱԱ
лվſڿţлxɫǲãʣȥʲôˣ
лɣҶˣң˰ɣ
лxɫֻǿš
лܲעӡԼ䣺ʵҲô¡

˿ڽ϶Ľ¡
̶ӱ˳ŽһߣյϢһǳ̲ۡǧǳ̲δδز
ߵļ˭û˵γҹЪĵʪ䣬ͳԱֱر

վڽ߷紵۾γϸϸݵܹܽϣҳ꣬ԭͷϵ£˺ףȥݣɾֱָ
лɵͷҼǸɿˡ
γЦ˵ɾ˵ɿǾǿסˡ
Žߵ«έ˵ϵ˰ɣ⼸վƬ̲ж˻жء
γΪѵ˵ɾͻȻĵأ
ͣɣһҪȥһˣȥ
γΪɫ⣬ֿʼ⣬ͨϣҲǴ󻧣ֻߵɢƻ׬ĸࡣ
ɻʲô֪𣿡
γ忴˵ԶĽ棺ɻ̰ġ
γ屻ҭסˡ
ҲһҶգǺ¶ݣӦ˫ȭѵ֡Ǯ׬ˣϵǮ׬𣿡
γͷɾ˵ǡ
˵ϻߣҪйءҶһѾЩˡ
γʣú󣬺ϵĻ𣿡
Ц˵Ȼߡ
γֺͿˣʣɾΪҪϵ̲
˵˵ˣ㲻ףԺ˵˵һ⼸ձ£ǰҪس
γ屣֤վȥš
Ҫ»Ǯƣܰ˳໨ЩǮҲֵ
¶ʮҪлxлѻ˳лɣϻһһӣ
лɺЦӦ֪׷Ļȥɣʱ½лһҶɣҲһЩ
лðȥʷϢżգûϢ
лˡ

¶ʮ֮Ҳðȥˡ
лx˻ׯǳ׵ˡЩķйصģлɲϣ׼ֻæ¡

ǳϦǰһ۵Щ㲣ֱӻ˴޼ҡ
¬ϼ۳۵˵ɺαԼ㲻֪ڰϣ
;ȷʵôЩԲϡͿʣͦõġ
¬ϻ⣬˵ǵŮɡ¬ΪԷϴʵ벻׻ʲô緢㲳⸱ӡ
㵽׿˭ˣȥףܿ˰ɣ
۾е⧲




71.  ʮһ   ϴ

ֱЦ, ̱ϣпĸǸʲô׵Ѿˡ
¬ϼ͸ֱӻִߣǱȵ, ˵ߵ˵
˻û, ưո, εʣĸ˭˵ģ
¬϶ܵ˵, иŮɣ˾ѰŮӿɱȡ
̿Ц˵û뵽ôһˡ

¬ϵĪҪ٩ܵ, ǸӲ˵ѵˡСӾǸʲôģ
ղ̫, ˵ЩԨԴԺ, ڲż
¬ĸ첲, ĺɸ֣ҧгݵѹɤ˵С, 㶼ʮһˣүүӴļҵɾʮһȢףҶûˣ
ʵڱӶ̲ס, ߴߴЦ
¬Ϻݺһ, ¬ϴ˺ֺ, æʣôˣһûü㣬ıͿˣ

´, οûˣΪȥ˽ϵһˣЩЪվͺˡ
¬֪ȥϵˡЩյ˵޼ҲȱԴαôϧ壬㸸׾, ǲǵĳԴ
ĸףҲ縸սɳҪЩҵֵڻСǽأ
Ǹαĸ֣¬ϲڻ£¬϶δãȻܲ
ţܵΪֱֵܼˣֻʺѧʣԸִ֣ɼ̳²ĪҪҿж־ڱġʧġ
¬۾ˣѹ˵ҵļ֮ת۶ôˡ
Ѿ֪Ů˵ˣ˵ģʽ֪ģʽĸ¾ȥæɣŵܵҹĸ׿ЩЪϢЩʱնˡ
¬ЦŪ﷢һ˿˿ᡣ

¬ϣҲ˯ˣڴϣ廪
廪ҲһװؾصʣɾҪϴ𣿡
ʣô
廪һжá
ʣлأ
廪ԥһ£ʵлµŷֽͳݸ˵л֮ǰдϵʷĿջסһҲûеҡڶվͻȥˣû
Ͱ͵ֽϵ֣ﵱʱͿհˣƬ̡
廪˵˵л֮ǰܵżûɾϢ֮Ͳˡ
۾Ѿʼ룬ô
廪Ϊæ˵ɾϢȳȥˡ
˻ûſڣ˵㣬û˵ʲô
廪ֱ׳˵ûӣԬƹ˵ӵʱ
˵Ϲֻ۾ûûд֣

˵鱸ҳȥһˣ֮Ҫ㡣
廪ӦŤͷ߿űЦ
ׯϣׯ֣лһ˰ӣлxҪ㣬лŰȥˡ
ڳԺֻаɨԺӣָָů
лůոĶʵ֡
ԺӾʹкл߶ˡ
лxЦ˵ȸūæȥһ

˵ҿɲǺȾƵģƴǣлˡ
лxҲǿЦŰڰ֣Ϊ̱īطȥˡ
侪ϲ˵ˣ֮ǰһֱ㡣
ŵİ䣬Ľɵ
ЦЦļ򣬵ͷһжڲС

ԵһӣԼů
ʵ鵾٣лɾֱüӣ£˽ͷۣǴĿͣ룬תȥˣʣˣ
Ĵ𣺡š
лҲ˵ˡ
ůﾲĵġлɲ˵š

ոǰлһ㣺ûãЩ
æ£ʲô
лɺЦҲԣʲôô꣬¹ʲô
⻰˵ģûôء
лֲ˵ˡ

죬˼Σеѡ
лɶˣ̲ס˵Ҫǲ֪ôڣͰϣҪ˵Լæˣûʱ㲨׳һ㰮ô׳ô׳ȥɡҲˡ
˲ʵˣԹ˵ȥ˼ǧ̲
лûףеʡ
ĵأֵõġҲ㡣
л벻ʲô衣ͻȻҪȥǧĵأʲôһũҲô
Ȼһʱձгˡ

лƬ̣ƽ͵ʣܺ˵˵ԭɡ
βţҷţ޼в֮ġ
лһʱסˡлx˵ģ޼ҺЩĳһź
ﾹȻһЩţʣҪأ
ҪУ͸Щ취֤ǵİӣǣ
лɿ͹۵˵˵ɡܶÿ𣿵ǾУҲܲͺɣҿҲǻһ壬˰أũǲҡ
һսʣЩŲ·

οû£Ҿе㻳ɣδȻҪûãصҲǺ顣
лһۣ˵أϵأǴ޼ûңˡҿһ˰ˡ
᲻á
лɵٸ㿴᲻ã
һ°͸ҸоܾöûúϢˣҹ类ۡ
лá֧أ˵ɲҪľû취㡣ҪǸʲôˣǸöãǾﰲȶա
ķο£һأ֪ءҵлĹǧ£һҪⱲǡأ׬ǮȻ硣
лҲסˡЦ
ˣ˵¬˵ҽҪףǡ

ȻлֵҪЦЦĿ
ʣôˣ
лЦ¬лףǹ¿е㾫ˣ벻뿴
Ƭ̣ɵʣлx¬ϣ֮ǰ£
лɰһۣҪҪô裿

̾˿лxǸˡ
лЦ̿ʣµĵ꣬ʣɢ𣿡
ҵǸĵ࣬⼸궼ûѶ˵˲ˡ
лɾȵʣʲôˮ׼
ָɽˮô࣬ɽˮҲϡеġ
ʲô˴ģ˵˲ˡ
ǾͶˣ۵мңЩϵѣǶѶһͻΪˡ
лָָӣţӻһǮء
°Ѵˡ
ĬĬţչлɶͷ˿ڣҵĸǣ
лɴ㵵ĿƬ̺ŭǲв
ŵſڵİʣ㣬ʲôˣ
лɶݺݵߣѵҳ
Ͱ͵ĿŴѯʣôˣ
Ťͷ˵Ů˲

䣬лɻ˷䣬лxڻлɿۣлxǡ԰ǰ·⻭Щˡ
԰ҰϵĴд
лֻãǸ֣ôܵĲ֡
Żź˵۲ʶ̩ɽˡ
лxִűʣֻŻëõ˵ֿϧˣȸūûҪֻ˵һһˣܲɡ
лʵϲȻԡԣԵˡ
лxĴЦ




72.  ʮ   

лx鷿, лʱ·һˣֹĸ, лʣôҪ, 㶼ûؼңǼҶǿݡ
С
лһ, ʣʲô˼
̾ⲻ˵, Ҳ˵ʵҲ˵塣͵ȥ˰ɡ
л죺Ұ, 㰮ʲôʲô
ϣǲ, 쵼벻ܴҾǷ, 
лٸ, һϣ㾡ȥɡ
ߵ, ů̫пʱͦģ˵׼Ƕ첻, ˡҲͦõġ
лɻͷһ, , ڲ
֮ȥлɴȥ, еˣ鷳أ
Ъһƣ롣˵һȥˡ
лɼƣֺݲģȥúϢɣ㲻ôƴ
ͷ, һ䶼

սţͱŷ˸֪̫̫
վſʧЦ̫̫ԺӣҲڣվſڹ̫̫ʣ֮ˣ
Žȥ޺̫̫ߣ̫̫š

ԺǶҵһ·˺ܶˣ̫̫ﻹǾĵģ̧ͷۡ
ĸһˡ
̫̫Ͱ㸸ˣ㳤ֹջ㸸׵˼һȥݡ
˻۴޺ơһҾڶ̩ɽţһ˵δ顣̫̫Ȼһ΢ʶûС

Ĵ𣺡ȳֻ˵ⲻż
̫̫Ҳ⣬ЦϾĸ׺ұԹյĲżҡץסˡ
ңҷĸײˡ
޺ƶһֱ⣬ֶУֻ½˵ˣ˵пϣֻɣ·һֲƶ
ϵǺѵõġҲ켣Ľ顣
޺ƴЦ˵Եһɢ˵ĵ࣬ۡ
޺Ц˵Ļ࣬ҲԵĺܣǺЩơ
Ҳ˵ţԺ̫̫ߵһŮ澽Ϸɾˣ
̫̫һ˶סˣȷӦ˶ǣæϲ弱żĸⲻĸԽԲˣ
̫̫֣߬ϵıȵģһ㶼
޺һЦϲĸ׵ȵȣȥĵܡ
̫̫վſڵţʣ˶ˣ
ʮˡСʱܰˣ
ЦԳԡ
̫̫ȴ˵֮Դ׹󣬴ǰ£;ڲˡô㸸𣿡
ϣûе£ٲ֪ߵغĸңδҲ̫Сˣϵϵ£ûһ׵ġ
̫̫Ƶ˵ǰϲ壬ôֶҲ㡭

û˵̫磬ױ˴

ЦЦûٽӻͼһȺ˺ƺƵĽ
޺Ŵһң򸾡
ʹ޳̳ȷʵ࣬ǴƫһЩûд޳ɪɱ֮
̫̫ݣ̫̫£޶ףʵʵĿͷˣĸס
̫̫Ц˵һòҵ°׵𣿡
ķҲ۸м˵Ѿٺˣлĸס
һŮӴʮӴʮŮʮꡣ
ȥȡ

һȺֶ棬ȵŴ˰Σŵ˵֮ôˡ
ܻ̫̫˵ģλ˵
΢΢Ц壬ûдǰ˵һ룬ͷ˵˵ˣֶúúһ
ſ˵ֲ㸸˵г
ЦŤͷŴ⣬ûд𻰡
úܿ죬ϻӣݸϻӣиܵñõһ͸褵ɵ˽¡
褿ϲص
һ͸壬ϻӵݸߣϻﶼˣҲ֪ϲʲôЩŮϲĶ
ϻӵΡ
ˣæܾС̣
̫̫Ц˵˭ûչǼҾͳôһɢͯӡŰɡ
ִ˵㣬öɶˣҴȥ
ǵ¬Ц
һӶЦ
һҶԴӡ󲻴֮˳¬ҪϵļлϸŸæżܵóȥƣһŶͷһһ˵ʷǱ߿ջİš
ֻʱʱһ䣬ʣл𣿡
Цãȥžˡ
˵ݵźˣǻû
£㶢Щ⼸ҪϢϢ
ŵʣ岻𣿡
ڰ֣˽˵
޼һһ㶼򵥡

ݳ˻ӣһ֣ջûڴҪȥһ˺˸ʣڵصסһǧ
յĵĿۼ£ԸֻܽǵģǶң˵ȥˡ
һҲǺˣʰգǰҶţҵûʲôֻ˵նЪϢȷʵǿ
ղŲЩֻϴĻ
Ѿһ֣һںȷʵЩԲȻ޳ȥٰæǴ˼ǣ£š
ڴ޼Ҹʲô£ҲһŲϡ
֮ǰΪѡַʹ޳̵Ѿ˳ͻٽʹ
޳ȷʵʮԪ˧
ʱ޳ʣǴĻģ
ʱ𣺡ɾĻһ
޳̲ƴӾٽֱҲĻֻ˵ɾĹ
˵ʣ˵˵ɣôµģ
ʱԥƬ̣ʵ˵ݱңͻϮɱɢʱ̴ͻʱһУϰһ

޳̼סˣʮꡣ
ú޳̲˵ô˵һҾˣ
⻰ƮƮģ˵Ҳ˵ɾ֮ܲ¡
ҰģһЧɾϧɾūֻ׼Ҹ¡
޳ʣˣ
𣺡ȼ꣬ɾһ̶ֱѹһʱ䶼ںϣŲôˡ
޳ûʡ
Ȼ£ҲֻδᣬôȥˡԴ޳о⣬Ϊί
öҵӡһˣʲôûԹʲôûܹ
˵Ҳ͸ˡ
ɾ΢Դ壬ɵļˣҲԿòֵ
ɾ˼ûпʼ߳ˡŶ졣
ģƫƫùˡ
᲻ɾѪ




73.  ʮ   

ؼ, ô޼ҵ곹ֵģԺ˻Ժһﺢ, Ҳ, ˯, һﺢ鷿ơ
, ߺˣ, ǶӮġ
ܵܶЦ
ƾ, Ц˵ɣȻȥĸ, ɱǵ, ҪȻǵĺùӳԡ
ݵĶӵƤ˵ڻǡ
Ц˵ղУûĲ߸, ϲ
̾׵ϿǳġҴǰڸ磬·͸һˣ֪˵
Ц˵˵, ȥʡ

ʧЦ, ǵ, ȹȥҲǶšҡ
̫̫Ժ, 岮ڣ񣬴̫̫ЦʣǰԺ
ǲ죬һְ֣ɣȿҲȥǡ
Ц˵, Ƕ㡣

ʣ֮⼸궼ʲô
ûȴ˵޺˵ѽ⼸һ̵ֱߡ
Ȼ޳˵֮Щ񣬵Ǿ岢
üŴֱλЩѺŪʹ޳һӲͷ
Ǵʲôû˵˽ֽ̫̫öЦ˵첻׼ѵǣȹգ⣬ǽﶼֵġ
Ц˵ҽǹƽԺҲѵˣ
˵˵çֱﰵͷ
СǽõĻǴ˿ơ
ƫȫǻݣлɸӭڶѾʼˡ
̫̫Ϊ˽ϲ죬˰ӭڴ

ѧһ㶼УżȦƶˡҵĴһ꣬ڻְ˲Ÿջֳ߿ƿ֮·ĹٳΪ˵͵Щԡʱæţôؼҡ
򽻵ʱ򲢲ࡣ
һãĸ磬˴º͵˵ЩʱûˣҲ֪Һȶپơ
ӦУкѣǺúúȡ
ղʣҪȣٺȡ
е⣬Ц˵ǼҽſҲԡ
ϵĵܵǣ˵Ǵ޼ңʤڼҺ

ǰŮǲˣСۣＸҲû޼ȫ
¬һϲ죬ѾóдŮ졣
ǿʼϵر졣
һٷ˺ܾã˼֡

󼸸Сȶ˱ȥˣ̫̫ʣӣʹӡ
󻻳Сãʹ޺ƽ⼸ϵľĵţʱʱһ䡣
ֻʹˣ񲿹Ҹְ²ܣ÷š
ǶԹٳһײϲ
ͯչ˵̫̫Ц˵岮ֶӼôҹˣ
Ů챻򷢻ȥ˯ˣ޼ʵûôأǾ̫̫ǸǵŮˡ
ӻδТҲ˳ĸظҹĸֻȥϢɡ
̫̫ЦǺǵ˵˵ɶͼ֮һѧˡ
Ц˵ĸȥ˯ɣտǡ

˵£Ůûϵġϵȼ䣬ֽ̬ܽķҳ£ҲǵΣͻʣй˳ַ˵ӲǱǮ˿ڡ

ţҲǺȾƣȵ΢ʣ֮񣬻õǹ𣿡
Ŀֱòˡ̵Һʹ޼ӵܴӴߵľͲһ·ˡ
ۣǰգʧ̬һ㣬û̽
󼸸˶Щˣż̫̫˯£Ժӡ
Ϊʲôϲ㣬ߵһΨ࿴Ҳǡ
ʮһ꣬ЩΣڴǰ˵Ǵ޼ңǴϲ

ȴ޼ͥĹأлＸ޹ؿԣ翪ʼ׼ˣһ˾һлҪűڣ綼ֵüɹġ
лɸлxдСʱǸŰְдġʱʦǶдһϸ¡
ջһˣʱ˶д
лһ綼С
лxƬ̾˦ֲˣлһ綼ڸд
׼ġ

лҪġϦҹԽӣľǿˡ
ʣµĲ˶Լĥġʮʮˡ
ʱл۵ĸ첲ۣλϳҲҸˣˡ
ºڰӣ˵ģæ˵ǲ׼Ҷ֣㿴Ҳǻġ
лĿһ˵ôõͣþˣԺɼˣǻᡣż
ɬĵͷӻ˵Ŷ󣿡
л̾ҰѾܴˡ
ü˶Ц

ȿлxǻԣ˳ӣлպлɸҲһ
лɹܣǸ׼ʲô
лxвԽԽûˣôС£Ҫв𣿡
лȻ˵Ȼˡ㿴ǼҳԷˣֻиûæ
лx˹˵ҰôǴ󹦵һˡ
лɱЦˣպϣлx߳Ա߸пȸūڳϵ裬ɿ¥
лˮ׹άҲûãǷҵĻҪЩҡ
ϵ죬̿
лxһ㶼Уֻ鶯ǳ
ϲ⣬лкҲ֪ϲʲôʲôԵֻܺҽûôأϲһֵģͦõġ
ЦĿĵ˵Һϲ
żȾƣȶˣûѧȾƣ綼˯û
лһϱԼı
оҴææһ꣬ҲôȥˡƽûʲôҲϰȻúҲûôѰˡ

һûѣ齫˽ѣҪȥ̫̫￴岮ˣˡ
ᵹǲ֮ûٺȾƣǺ
ЦЦˣҪѧȾơǺþƣҸúúһ
ܾöʮˣı¡
ܶ˵֮ıɫˣ˼ϸ
ӡǸСкڵĴ̫ˡ

̫̫ϲЦ˵ٺЩɣڼһգҪȥѣȾ¡
۴˵Ҳ֪㸸ôˡ·Զֵܼࡣ
֮ǰ͸ȥˣ˵ֹվͻ𡣵ʱĸϸϸѯʡ

޳ȷʵյˣʵϵص򵣣͸˴޳̡
дĺ꾡ɽŻ˭Ҳ׼մ֡
޳յţдƾҵ˽£ɵס

޳ţȻһʱ֪ôš
͵ÿζ͵Ŀϡ𣿲ǣľƽԭɽӣصסƽԭײǹؼ
ⱻָ̣ľȷʵһûȥûˣԼҲ֪ݱݵܻػ

źͻȻ˴˼
Ϊռݺһֲôýʹʹ
ţЦЦӣ





74.  ʮ   ԪԼ

޳յ, ֪ͨգѾȥ˺
ͻȤ, ԼȥҴŵĵط, Žҹﱼһҹ, ʱ, վɽͷȥƽԭòѾܿ, ɽ, Ҳɽ
ץޣңңָָԶ, ʽ֮ǴǸĲԭ, ǲǣ
ȴָָҵǱߵɽӵʱ̤
޳̿Զ, ˵Ǹõط
ʣҪ𣿡
޳ְ̣ɣ˹صƬƽԭ, ɱҪˡ
ûЩ, ӦĻͷ, ޳£֣ͷ˵߰ɡ
ǰͻصݡ

·ָ, ϶ס
µļյİ׷ѣȸ岮շףһֱʮ֮ŵ˿գؽʱлѾˡ
µѾ糤µҪճˡ
ء
ǵ, ³ȥأͲ˵Ҳˣ࣬¾ܿˡ
ԶԶĿɫɫ졣
лԶԶʣǸأ
ҾͿ
лɣ㿴ʲôأʲôÿģ
˵Ѿ߹ȥڳأӹͷʣȫҪꣿ
лɣȻأ
ģôҲĶ
лɲʲôֻĶϴѧǻͿʼֵˣҵҲ֣ҹˣҲһֵֻءϱͷϻţɣ
ЦˣףЦ˵ɣҰɡ
лЦ˵ǿʵɸҺúøɡ
Ϊлɵһ仰һ۳ɹ첲һЩۣڲϿлɻĶ⣬лɻͷʣҪԺյĻǴ׵ģ
ʣ㲻𣿡
лɣҶϰˡɲܳһ³ũ˶Һˡůͺˡ

ûлʣϵˣ
лɣൽ죬ׯĵؾͶˡ
л۾ŴŲ˵ʣ˵ʲô
Ц˵Ȱѵ¡лú˵
лʣôǮҾûǴҲ֪⸽Ŀɶǳд󳼵˽
ǾûһŴž˵ϻˡ

лԵ˵ҿ̫ˡŵɣ̫ˡ
ʣָҰɣá
лԥʣϻ

лɣֻҪˣҶԸ㡣
Ц˵ȸ޳̰ɡ

лɲЩԼŰɣҲʡ
֤ǮͶ޳̣ĿǰȽϰȵ
˵Щˣ˵ɡԪôСȥ棬ͿˣܲԬҸ׼Ȱ˾ܹܸ͹ҿûʱЩ¡
Ҫȥһ⼸һ˶ڣԪеƻᣬҾΪġ
лɸģɱ˵ȥƻᣬһСҶæ
ֻˣܵĸһԼĻ᲻ǣ
лɣףԼõר׼᣿ԺС﹡ϾͰˡ
°Ц˵С·ͦҰ
лɣôǰ׻𣿡
ЦЦ

󶼻лѼ˴˷ܵĺУ磬Ԫڵĵƻ֪ȸʮƻ˵̻ݣ
۾ţ
лЦ˵ǵʱȥƻῴ
ԭȥһ룬ﶼûʲôֻ˺һԾʹŴһȥ֡

ȥЩˣԺӾͱ¬ס𱸣ܵæһգ֪֪ϰͳס
Ǻ°ĸ׿ʲô
¬Ϻ޲һѣݺݵҵڣأأ綼ż㵲ܵܵԵˣ㵹Ǻ˵˵㿴˭ҵСӣȥ˼˵ϰ
۵ĸͲˣԵ춨˵׼飬ԲԣܻܵСУ֮˵÷ģǼҾͿܵܵѧˣɲʲôʡ
¬һҲеԹҲǣŮŴ׵ģǴ޼Ҳʧ񷴻ٰ֮
ҶԴʵϲҲ֮С
¬ϱһͨһͨĺŪĿĵˡһߣ飺´˵ǧڷǰ졣

Ԫ죬лɻȹӣɫޣǳÿлxһﲻȥлxɻˣһ䣺ȸūСˡ
лЦģͶ죬ʣʲôأ
лxѷ˷ҽҪȥѡ
лһϲʣˣ
лxҺʱ᲻ˣ
лƲƲ죺һΪлׯ᲻źף½ˡ
лxƢ½ңҲ֪ҳԿ˻½ҳԿˡ
лЦŻȥȡ˰ݸǾͰиˡոóԵġ
лxƽʱģЦţָŻһ仰˵

лɵĺĲأҲ̽˽лx½ʲôԨԴֻ֪Ҫܰˣ۵ˡ

лxȻʶȤҲ⣬˴˶Ĭദĺ졣
翪ʼѾˣһ˽˳ǣȻլӣлжʱûסˣЩġ
лxլҲûٸ飬лסá
ɨֱ֮ģ³Ͱһˣлͳˣŷߣȸһȥˣֿ˸¥ڿλÿŴľɫѧǸ࣬ЩԺŵģлɺеִڡ

һֱһֱȲ裬˻硣ȥլһˣ³˵ͳˡ
Ҳˣ˳ŽһֱȥĶ
ҹĻ٣ӰҡΣһƬƺͨǱ˾һֱѲ飬վȸֵĽֿڣľɥ֮ǰĵ鲻ֻͬĻʧ䡣·ץסлˡ
лɿŽǮⲽ¥ţա̧ͷͼվڲԶ
˿ŶԷһ
ܾãģ˵𣿡
лɣˡ
̾ӵοⱲӣ
лûɵᣬĺܲϲڡ
ſǣ˵ȥƣȥ͵͵Լᡣ
лƵ˵ȥգڼ˯һ졣ʱ򻹲֪и㡣
ץļͷƬ̣ЦſޣյлɣǳÿŮӡ
лЩί˵Ϊʲôв˵Ժ󶼲۸ҡ
ֻôû޹

һǣȸ֣ˣ˱ؿʯ˼ĻһźߣΪӮһյһȺѵġٻִĻƣһľơ
Ǳֵ޷ִȥƽ
ҹƻͨ˿öЦһƬʳӰҡҷ
лߣľ󣬲Ե˵еĳǡ




75.  ʮ   

ץ, ׼һɫȹӣر, ǵʱʱ޵Ļͷ
лɺСǱϾͬ, ˿ҲʲôЦ, 󷽷ĺͶԷһ, ǰѴŵҪ
ƽǹٻӵܺ͹ٳ, Ҳ١ŮŮ, ӣŷҡ

лһץĸ첲, һһĴ, ʱʱռ˳˵ЦҲ, °ȻĺͶԷЦ䣬Ȼռ¥Ȳ衣
², ֻ
û, Ťͷź˵, ҪȻЩǣɶǧ˿׷İ㡣
Ц˵Ϊǲǡ

лɿ, ͷЦֽסһ֧¥϶Ļ֦Цſ¥ϵŮɣһ˵˭ڸ˼ңҪû˱ǣô⸱ģ
ԴЦź¥ϵŮЦ˵ллĻ, ϧҽʲôûҸմȸϹӮһȺߴһյƣ͸ͷ
¥ŮɳճյЦˬĴ𣺡Ǿллˣ
Ҳ⣬ϵĵĽӮĻŮɵϣռ˽ƵȥλռЦ˵´¥ȽĲ衣
ռЦ˵ǵ´˵ǺĿˡ
ˬĴ𣺡ϣ
ЦѵŴطȥˡ

Ů澳к񣺡ӣǱߵĴѾ˼ˡ
ŻƣԶȥĶˣ޶Ů澺ʣĻƣ
񵭵˵ġ͵ȥպˡ
ŮСĵƣźõĽţû˵

лɴԺӣһȦûʶ˳ղŮɣҲʶƵǣԶߵƻƯʴû𣿡
Цʣ˻Ůˣ
лߣҪЦЦĿڵƻɺעű˴ˣſšֻǧƻˣǰ־òʵ
ĿͷĴȻ˵Ԫ֣лС㡣
лЩߣֱ´۾תе֣ЦС˵Ԫ֣

˻ȥѾǺҹˣ˳ʷĿջջҹ˴ﻹУ¥лϴЩˣڴϷǰ¥ϵĳлɣ
лʣôˣ
Ϊ˯ˡŵЦ⡣
лɵȽſ
ܾµһһ⽡

лɳţϸϸȰߺ廪ȥ߰ɡ
лɾȵ̧ͷͣ廪ߣϾ㷽㣬ɫµ֡
лû˵ûеͷԷˡ
˵ļܹͬӶһҦ˵Ѿ˾ũ࣬ʱǻׯϡʱ׼ɡ
л̧ͷֲ֪ͣһһϦ֮档Զڵȡ
лֵͷˡ
ֻ󣬺ܿɰĴЦ

лɳ̧ͷ˵Ҹ⣬յĵһ֣ϱҪߡֻߡ
ԥӦá
лɣأϵصļãġһֱС͡סǵĳԾͺáˣҲܡ
Ӧ֪
ȳлɲ˵лȥ½ˣҲ֪ûСȥ˰ɡ
ֵʣգ
лʣôˣ
˵ճкЩ˶ȥμӹˣ½λҲС
лŶ
лӦûȥ˰ɡ

οٵȵȣ¼λȲˡ
лɾ˵ҽϣСճϡ鷳öද֪֡ͣ鷳ˡ
ЦлüЦʲô
е˵ҲǰǸִܹˡ
лɲ˵
Աߵϣ߿
л죺Ҳǰ
˵Ĵǰ˯һˡûҴСӣСǿҵġ

лɾľȥ˯
ͳЦҾ˯Աߡ
лɻɵĿ
˵Һܾúܾãûкˡ
л־⣺ȥԼıӡ
̵ı棬Ц˵ҵıӡ
ле˵Ѱѱӷһ룬Լ棬̳

˾ĵģ˵˵
лʣͲ𣿡
롣
лﶼʪʪġ
лʣǰƢҲôã
ǣǰƢ̫áǸ̫ദˡ
лϲд컷ڡ
ʣǰδʲôģ
ʵ˵ǰҲû뵽й¡
ûֻԵעֻԼĿ
лƲƲ죺ÿȤ
˵ַˡ
ԣǹĲ˵Ȥ鲻ãҹȥŷɢġ
Ц
ʣأǰǸʲôˣ
ҾǸûʲôµˣÿϰ°࣬ϼӰ࣬ոһաƵ磬ջ켣
ĵĿҲ˼

һûһţлɰס˯ˡ
ͷ˵û뵽һ㡣

ڶյлѾ¥ˣƹںԺԺ˵лվ¥Ͽһʣʲôʱˣ
̧ͷЦ˵硣
л̧ͷͷ

緹󣬴ȥƴǣһ˻ȥɣæġ
Ůѻؼǹأææһ¡
лɾʣԭĹأ
ӻһϻӵ
Ȼ˽⣬˻ûȫֻлx³򸾡

лߴݾлxǰԺ﷢
л̽ʣû˳ɣ
лx˵
лʣ½²ڼңûˣ
лxŤͷһۣʣȥˣ
лɷ·뱻ץһ˲ͦ𱳣ûȥġȥˡ
лx˵Ҫף°˵ףʺ϶ס

лɾϲʣ
ˡ
лͿ絽ǰԱʣô˵ģϴȥʱ۶ûһۣҼͬѼ˵˰죬ϳˡ
ϲ㣬Щ᲻áдһֺ֡дϭʤ¬顭
лŶζЩˡ
ڨڨĴ𣺡ҲôңŪҲ˼˵˳̡
ԣ㾿Ǻ˭ѧģ
лĥһȦѣԺķǣ󲿷Լѧġ
ȸūŮӾ͸ŮӵĹأ㲻Ǹعصˣ֪Ҳ㣬ĪҪ̫ˡ
лɽĴ𣺡֪ˡ
лxҲֻǱ½˼䣬ǴĽѵü˳۵ģ־Լ˵ˡ
лɻô˵ף˵Ļ
˿ھʣҿǼҵ𣿡
лxָָϵĺӣһССĺӻһݻ顣
һͭһľһͷиСɵķͷһķβ
ͭգһּƷûй
лxһѵİ֡Ц˵ˣ㶨׵Լܰɡ
лɿ̫ϲ©ˣʲôƶס

Ȼǲ£еĻֻǼ£һǿհס
лҲ⡣
׼緹ˣ³͵͵˵

лxԼ˵ӳȥʱҽһͬӳˣԴɢˡ½̻Ǹ½̡
лɼŴʿ֡ڡʽ֪֮ꡣ
ôóлxգһֻһ֪Ϊ֪Լһʢ
ľӣҲֻڹŴУǧǰľ֮Ҳˡ

л𾴣Ҳֻο˵¬Ǳʾӣƽֱ˵Ǵ
лxŤͷһۣ·⣬ƸŮ˹ʶһ㡣
ȥþƣǺһ
лɣ




76.  ʮ   

лĬ, ©ֵķϣģҪȻ治һ񾭲
лɺһľ, лxڽ, л, ʱʱһ䡣
·, л̽ʣĸ׻ֵܽ𣿡
лxĿһۣ˵, ĸ, ϵء
лĿ

лxҾݵʱ, ˾ڽ, Զ
лɿׯʣǸ׽ʲô㣿
лxʣׯʲô㣿
лŶ, Ҷˡ
ҽҴݵ˵ͣôȥɣһũҲ
лxʣũ費Ҫ˷
л񣺡Ϊ˵, ׯǰֵġ
лx˵㰢Ը³ֱ, ʺЩҽǮƶˡ
лҲò, ˵Ǻ̫ƽðֻɡ

˻, Ժֺģлɿڴʣ𣿡
лȲĺľüɫĸˣյĻж
лüɫĽӮĻƣת͸ƽռˣ֪Ц

Ԫһ, Ϳʼ⼸մ˳Ҫһߡ
ճüģƲ֡ҪźлxյĽѵ¡նЩԡ

γ崦ϵصһ
Ϊ̶ӳ絽˳ǣԶγ·ģ͵ǣһҳ˴
ʷջĶ¥ϣЦ˱裬˵γ˵εĻֶ㰲ŵġ
Ҳ̹ϣγƾңɾܽҿȻɾ⡣Ҫó㱾¡
ͷ˵ϵ̶ܹܵλãʱ㣬㳹ˣҰźôˣٺϸ̸ϰͰվɣγ֣˷˻غ㽲ġ
ʷƹܹ˷ˣ˷̶ӷ룬˾ְ
ϽŵĻظǣҾ
Ƕʩλ˵ҲֻҽֻҸ𡣵˵ҲҪð⣬͵µ˳һĿ࣬һҪٷֵġλõ˲ܸһȡҲʲôӣ˱ȻҪ˱ȲҪ֪ҵĹأͲһ仰£𣿡

֮ǰ˵λϵĹ£ֻϡ棬ǰ˺ܹܣӣױѹʶ˶γ壬γ⣬оһԣ֮ǰҲǸ벻ߣ۸ˡ
ִ֪޼һˣû˳Թ
֣ر֤Ҽסˡ
Ц˵¥ǺȾȥɣĹأˣҪȹ죬ҪȻǲš
ϴ㵵Ŀ
Цк߰ɡ
¥Ͼͱˡ
ԬƹĽγ忴Ӧó˴㶢ЩЩزûˡ
ԬƹЦ˵ɾģʲôҰӣҶܸ˳ˡ
Ц˵аɡҷġ

γǸסǮƵˣƽֱƽҲһγȥĳˣ˲ڣ뵽˸ȥˣγҲ⣬еĵţȺһ񣬺õĹʣôˣ
γ嶢ע˺ܾãüʣˣ
֪Ϊʲôƫƫ˳ʲô
γޣһץֱӽ˱·Ҳޣһ§ӣʣôôԣ
γ˵˷ֱӽڴϣԼȥ޶ǵĺЦͣ
ʶ꣬γǮܶ࣬д󲿷ֶ˺
ĲռƯʤˬʡ
γôķ·ޣȢ˼񲻿ϡ

ȻҲڣֻ
ܾˣγ˵ȥҴŲˡ
ۣŤͷЩԾ
γ廯ʯǸڱɫЦ
㰮
γȴ˵ɾȥ˼ŻҲҵԸ
ʣôӾ𣿡
γ岻˵ǶμϱֻﲻФ䵽زҲǲڶˡ
ޣ㰮ȥȥɡס㡣

γ֪Ƣѹ˻һš
﷭ǲĶ׳־ҲǸϵĶŮ鳤

Ԫ֮ĵڶ죬Ϣ¬ɿڣԸͷͰ䶨¡лţվԺӿüЦ˺䣬һ

䲻ţϲñŷ˵Щ֪ˡ
лļ磬ο£̤ʵĳˣҰȥ׼񵥡ʱø״ȥ
Щ⡣
лȴ˵䣬ϲһˣҪãⲢʲô˵ġ
ֹģʣôˣ
лգգۣ˵
Ťͷˣлֽ˵¶ˡ
һϲĿлɣׯϵİԲױá
ľϲɾˡ
лϲ˵ȥ¬˵ˣͰȥȥʮ߰꣬ʱҲԲڻС̫СףҲϧ
һһ㶵ģ֪ʲôʱͿʼıˡ
лΪ⣬̽ʣ㣬⣿
ż˵úү˵һ
лɣҺ³˵

³ůڵӶأлվĽŲ˵˰£³һڻؾϹء
ʲôϹصģ
³ɾȥ
лΣҽ㣬ǽҸ׾ǰүʲô
³ǾûءεĿ
л֪ĹĲˣ˵˵ȸ׸ɿ·ߵʱһֱҡտǽܣȶ԰䶼ġε׳һܵܣ
³˵ֻ˵ⲻϹء
лɣģǻġ㱾Ͳū塣
³û취̾˵ȥ
л֪Ӧˣ˵Ȣ˰ԲԲҲҪҰġҸײģ뿪Щ
³Цˡ

ڶգлxŰʽȥ¬ҰݷãлһٵȥԺ󣬸мǣֶӡ
лx³ֵܣ³ĶȻҵֶӡ
һлɶϢֱ˲Żлʣô
лx˵ӳɵŮ
лʣô
˵Բĸ׼ɾͺۡ
лɰ
ȥףֲס
˵Ҳڡ
лʣû˵ʲô𣿡
ֻڹģ׵׳ɲɡ
˵˹ڷһ죬ŰԲȥתһ졣
лɲĵʣûӦ

лxûϢӣЦ˵ˡ
л泩ˣ˿˵ǾͺãǾͺá
лx˵޼֮û˵ΪʲôӳɵŮ𣿡
лû˵ģһʺš
лxô˵˵˼档
лɸ鷿Щ˵˵Լ岻Уס
лסˣƬ̺ЦɽХ




77.  ʮ   

ΪϢ, лһЦθ鴤ֻΪ䶨׸ˡ
һЦ粻ͣ³Ҳˡ˵Ĵز, ֻаһӡ
лһɵСҲɵ, лϿʼ㡣յĲ̫ѡ
лҲ, Լ˼
û, ͳˡ

лɽȥ˶γ, ԬƹЦеĺк, лɽʳݸ֪ǰЩ¾ƵСʳ
Ԭƹ򿪲ۣЦ۾, ɲʲô, ʣա

лֱ˸һأһֵˡ
γ, ʹ˸ɫˣ˵ýҶ, ʣµ, , յġ
γ幧ĸǡ
лŰ䣬Ŷγ, ˵ҰҵܾܵͽˡСԸЩ򣬲ϲͰչˡ
γ׼˵л˵ҵܵиأҾֻ˵
γ循㵵Ŀû뵽˵ôӲ

Ц˵, аա
лɲӴĻֻǿŶγ壬˵ҲʶգֻʶܹܣҽսܹˡԲԣ
γһ档Ұ³çƫνǰԸƣöγ۸԰Щ̶ӵô࣬ȻͲˡ

һ۾Ϳˣγ屻лɶţ𣺡Ȼ
лɽйվ൱Ŷγȥݣȥݵ⣬¹ѧסе֣ǰġ׽һ
ı֤Ҽסˣ㡣
γľȡ
лɲ⣬ƲҲûпͷԬƹ˵Ԭƹһ
ԬƹЦշ𣺡û⡣
һ滨ס
лɸһԼһͰ⣬һԼԶǧտ㣬ݼǵдšʱˣȥġ
Ͼʮ꣬ĸߴ󣬵ϾǺӣ˵ĺۡл᲻ãԴ³һļһ

ۣļ˵һ·̣ͷаյţѾˡ
лɰڰ֣ȥɡ
̶̣Ͷγ·עⰲȫ
߰䣬лɻƲ֡

¥ȡ˵ϻӣݸ˵ⶼˡ
ллۣҲûôоŶŴⷢ㶡
˲ʣԬƹ˶ˣڵ廪
˻˵մȥһˡ
лɴŰȥˡ
廪лɼһ·ʰ䣬ʴԸס£
廪˵ӱô˵ұūͣɾˣŵ˼ʶŮӣž
лЦЦкǺðɣǾֵذɣķ꣬ȥȥɣûϵ

廪ЦŴ𣺡õġ
ԬƹԶķЦ˵Ӵⷿɡ
лЦ˵Ԭƹ֣Ͳˡ
Ժӣ±⣬Ϊлxһ±⣬¾Ƽá
л²ۣԣԣء
ԬƹлxȾƣлָʹлѣȥջ˵ҪƬţҪ⡣ͷȻȥϺҽոóԵġ
лѰ˵ǰҪҰ⽲ףԼ
лЦ֪ˡ

Ǽѹ£лɽõ׼ãȺõͣһͺ㡣
ůĲѾˡ
ȥĸɻ
ɡɡ
廪ˣֻڳŰæѾѧĲˡϴˡ
Ű»ȥ׼ȥˣлxҲ˲̫ף˿ûʹ򷢻ȥˡ
Ǻܷ飬񣬹ﵹͣ´нˣըɣ½ӽ𰾣֮ݹˮĸŽȥեζζ͸İϲը̫á
ǻζ㡣
ȵʣʲôԵģ
лɶǣһ˾ܾ˵ʳ
лѴѾ±ˣͷС¯ˡ
лɿֿʼ䣬Ҫǰڼңֻ϶ġ
Ų˵ٳ²ȥڱϣĸոպãɣˬ˵Уû
лҲͣѵˬž
лѶܿ죬Ͱ㣬һϺˣϺ
лɿ㷢³ûɵģοжô
лɶ£ͷ³ġ
³ͷͰȥɱˡ
͸ڿСһ

ȷʵʢ¾ƣ߲ϴã˹ͷŨζ
Ԭƹплׯڳһϣһ
лЦкȳٿҡ
ĥ֥齴ֵǵ֥Ҫˡ

Ԭƹ˿ڱ⣬մ֥齴֥ܵŨ㣬ζٶˡ
ͨ죬ǾǾù񫡣
лx⣬һСھƣ񫣡

лɿǱͨ죬ʱС̲סЦ
㲻𣿡
˿ڶƬЦ˵գׯϵܹܾ͵ˣʱ򽻸³ţ͸֣ʲôġ
л꣬ҲءŤͷоסĵطˣҪӸһԺӡ
ǾͼӸһС¥
лŤͷ˵㿪ʲôЦ
Ԭƹлxϵص⣬ϵˣ˵ֻܿžˣұ֤⡣
лҲãǴ£ð˵㡣

ũһ½ѾһƬˣлɲʲô˼ҵûׯĵضˡ
лxԴȥ¬ּ֮󣬸ĳȥ߶
ǰѰԲˣԲһ㣬л߶лɻڳأŵر꣬³ԶӶǷֵأʰԲԺʲô
ԲЩ¶廪һ𣿡
Ҳµ
Բ죺˵ҿľͺˣѧߣһ˫Ь˵Ů˲ܲߡ
лʣǶأ
ԲЩƤ˵͵͵μǻ
лɶû˵ʲôʱ𣿡
ԲŤͷԶˣ˵ȡЦҡ綼˵æ˾ͻ

лɹ˵óƭˣ㲻֪𣿡
Բ
лժ˲ñ﹡ϣԶĳͰԲ˵ɫɫǸƶúõˣȥúϧ
Բصĵͷ
ʮСʲô
УڼлҲû뵽½֮˴ůϵĲƤ촰½֮ʽŰݷá
лһͷĿ½֮Ļ˵ǰ棺ȸū˵ǿѵģҽ̡
лֶͷʲô㾡ʡҪȵȣæ˵
½֮⣬ָӶ
ůöëֽѸٵļ¼š
ּ档
벻ľϲ




78.  ʮ   ½֮ѧ

Լĵļма, ȼ¼ú˳ֽаݸ½֮
¼Ѿɹ, ӽ¼, һ, Ҫ֤쵽, һҪӡ
½֮Ǹϵļӣֻ, öëպ˵īƿī, ֽϻ˻̴̵ִĸо, дȷʵ, ǲա
лɼֲʣʲô
½֮ץƵ, Щлûע⵽Сɵͷ, Ĳ, ʣũϵ𣿡
½֮, Ҳǡ

лɺĿ۲ů, Խлߵţ²ˡ۲
ƹѾ¼ˡײ˻ڳµһ绹͵ġعѾ΢΢ˣл׼һ
µˮҲѾˣ漸һ΢İĵط
лɼĬ, Ҳߣһ²ˣʣ֪ôԲźó𣿡
½֮ҡͷлЦЦ˵а˰ַôԡ
½֮ЦлɼЦˣ˵ҵѧʶôģһһ飬£ĲŻүͷԡĶǡ
½֮ǰӦʦֵ³ˣѧʶߡ
Ը˺ú˵ʱ򣬲ʱ

лɼ㶣Ц˵дºãũ£֮¿ɶҵĸ˵뷨ģǲοΪ˴£һǾݸʦȥ̱ȽϺá

½֮˵죺Զٺõİɡ˼۲ˡ
˵ס죬Ҹڣ˵׼ܰﵽ㡣
˵ʱĺܺ˵

ӵĿյ½֮ڳȲ裬ĵֽϰöëд֣Ӳ鷨ôղܡ
л֮ǰȤЦ˵Ҽ¼磬ë̫ˣЩ
½֮ú棬Ķëд֣˵ÿдúܿ졣
ëʶԱҪܸߣӲʾͺܿ졣
½֮Щ͵͵˵Ƕ𣿡
л˵ǼҶѣԲԣ
½֮;ùֵֹģ½֮Ծлɺ˵˺ܶࡣ

лɽд֣˳ڳӡ
۲˺;²˼Ľӡ
ΪˡȻ½֮ɲ֪Žӽ桯ֵʡ

ȷʵ츳һϣӲдѾģˣлЩ츳дƯˣָ͡
½֮һǣʦ½£йɻ
۵汾ϵ֣һƪļ¼
ӹʷһҳںд紵ɢüѩһҹ´
½ֽ֮ϵ֣Щ̾磬Щں
̧ͷѾ
ȸūʫǴ⡣
лЦЦ˵һģǹĴȥ

½֮廪ʣأ
лһ߱߰˵ȥˡ
½֮ӦǺʹЩϵлxգҲڣ游Ǳ빬μԪڵĹ磬տлx͸˲
ʱȣŵܵǱܿˡ
˺ܾã緹ûãһֱͷблxų˵Ǹúӡ
Ҳûкˡ

£游һֱٶ˵ˡĸ׸˵һרԺһˡ
ĸף֪Ǹǻ¼ҵ£Ҳ˵ˣֵӵ˾֪ճԺ֮⣬ʱŲû˴ȤĻᡣҲʶ½ҲǺ¡õóñ¿ϵı£ڱ󹬷ǿָ飬ڱ˲ٿء

лɰýӣ½֣֮ʣû𣿡
½֮ʵ˵ûдҲȸūһģȸūĲ˼
лɶ⻰˵ʲôоֻ볯Ϊ٣¾ûʲôôҪߵȥʹȫһġĵҽ̲㣬ΪԼҲûѧᡣ

½֮ѧľЩûãֵܼ˶ɢҰ㣬衣ϵˮɫϵĹ˳ķֿʼңʼձͻ졭
µУ˵Ϊ˸ȥ곤Ժķ粨һ˽ᣬ֪ȱˣȱȱǮ
Ҫץסᣬ½ұǰɳڶ˵ѾûˣҪ½Ҵ߳һ½ûгͷ֮ա

ĿлɣЩ˵ȸū⻰Ҽסˡ
лɼ棬Ҳ׷ʣЦ˵ǰ±±ЩСԣȻ
½֮˷䣬ͿʼдʣԴ

³͵͵˵½֮£³ν⼸պϲأæýŲմأڹ֣˴
лɺɫҲ£Щ죬лxŷѣߣȳԷʱ½֪֮Ĺأһ˶ҪһϳԷġ
Ҳ⣬˿ڽӣպζá
лʣζô
½֮ôḻ֪ʶͷ
лɷſʼдܽᣬÿĳ湤Ŵ½֮ȥһˣţ˵
ûнŮӵķ䣬Ƭ̣ŽȥлŤͷһۣ͵ͷдˣʣôˣ
½ֻ֮þȣ䲼ֺܼ򵥣һףûʲôŮҵİ裬ϵģһЩ壬ԼҲܲµضдġ

վǰʣܿ𣿡
лɣȻԡֿ
½֮һᣬдţĵ¼
¼Ŵɸѡӣѿ֮ճ
Ĳǹڵֲճɡܡ
ȵԸӣŻȥȡһᣬдġڸıĪ⣬Ҳ
лɼþò˵ʣ㿴ö
½֮šڸĬлЦ˵ũһ£ʵûô˵ġЩܹƾһǻѪϵĹϵõ˵İ취Ǻܶʱײˮ
ƶ顣

лҲֻ֪˵Ҽˡ
ѧѧԣһķܲŲطлҲ˵ҪҪȥߣ
½֮飬ĸлɼԣЦ˵ڷܣЩˡ
½֮ȴȸū֮ţɹ
лϲĺӣҲ棬û߱ӣж½֮ʣȸūŷͺţûпܣͽ⣿

лվڸߴأԶˣ￴ССһ
лɼʵ棬ֻ֪һʣ̲ס̾Ϣ
ԶɽЩź˵Ǹܴģ⡣Ҳ֪ûĿܡ֪ģǳ֮ڣ߽ŷʿ壬Ҫ˵ͽ⣬ǲܡ
½֮ʣȸūΪƶ
л˵֪ǧʷԹζ࣬ûǴ١Ǹʷ֣һһܽġ
紵ϵķ˵ƶ˵ҵ뷨
½֮ӣֻЩʵ

һա
Ȼ˼üԶɽл˵ԸΪ庮ţѰһ·
лŤͷֻþȣǹˣʮѾԾԡȥ·

Щлأ
û˵ԵĴ𣺡½ɾȥɽˡ




79.  ʮ   

һ޼ʵ, ůдһ˿лŰһΣ½֮˵ũһ, ޷֡ȡ˰, ص˰ʣµĶǿ˰֮һ, ƾһǻѪҲá
½֮ʣȸū, Ǿò
лɲʣΪôʣ
½֮Ц£Щ, ˵ֻǾȸū, Щ⡣
˵ѾίˣлɵЩ, ˵ӿʼ˵, һμ͹Žվڵ, ·ⶼѰˡ

лɱ˵ĳĬˣԼʡ˼룬˵һŮ, ǲһ, 治Щ, ҲûʲôҪģԲԣ
½֮ı鶺Ц, Ĭš
˵ʮ꣬ʱ

лɻϣһ֪Ĺ١ˮ壬Եġ
ߵʱ, ½֮л˵޼дһƪǣѳ벻ѳ
л̾ЦЩ˵ǲҸѲõĵĿҵЩƣ
˵һͣ£ʶЩԣŤͷ½֮
½֮ƽĿȸūԶһڽϹСӣǻºʮءȸū˵ҾͲˡ˵ģҶš
лɱ˵Щţǽķ˵»ˣвʡ
˵ˣǵ£Ǹ
½֮ȸūö˵סлŰݷãҾ֪ˡǳཻȸūѵġȸūҪӡ˵ľϹ
лɸϽץ첲𣺡˵˾ܣ֪޲ԡ˵ӾˡȻѣϲμǣϲֻһЩСǾùⲻȥһͳˡѲЩ񡣡
½֮ЦڳཻϣЩϡͿĿ͡

˻ȥں廪˵ص£廪ڸ˵ϲļܹܡ
лɲЩͰóЩūֱͣӷˣЩʵɿˡ
廪ɾýҲ

˵ţлɺ½֮ۿ½֮廪˵½ˣ˵ѧʵġ
ǲƵģ˵֪Уڼıһײˡ
лɼҲȣʣʲôʱģ
⻰գ۾
лɱЦˣú˵ˣС
½֮վڼ֮⣬硣
곤࣬޼ҽţӵܽϽûнݵķͬʱ³ӵǰ㽾ݹҲû˸Сǡ
½֪֮켣ƽԵǳãܺʲô˶˵ϻ
˵޼ɣǸ˼ɵˡ

½֮ûô⣬˲ܶ࣬ټлɵԵʣ½֮Сһ
ǰԺ˾ˣ˵ѧЩź
½֮Ĵ𣺡ѧҲᣬЩģȥϢϢ
лɺͷ⣬ѣ⡣
ˣЦЦʣлʦĹˣ
лɼЦ˵аɣҪѧȽϴҲɡ
ôɷ˵
лһĺϽǺѧ

һۣ˰ɣ߽ͬˡ㲻ţഺڵ꣬浱Ǳѧ
лɿ˵ɾЩ̫Ըˡ
ʣ𣿡
лɣʲôҵѧֻҪԸ̣Ҿ̳ܰȥݽСС鰮Ųţ

˵ҲǲУҲ߳һ·
лɽ˱ˮ˵Щ̫Ըˡ
ܾöû˵ôһֱšлɾЩֵֹģ˶ϿʼЦ

ǲ˵лɸоˣǲ˵˸գôһ仰˵Լ
л²ۣˡ

ΪС粨ʱ򣬴һֱܳĬлxЩˣ½֮һֱѧĳĹˣлѸŸͼ䣬лxлѣ½ֳѧϰǳǵͯСв
½֮ǫ飺лɷˣСС͵ʢǱ˴ˡ
л˵Ժ½ѧڣʫһƼá
лǸرϲССϲͿݡ
һ㶼лɷǳĸ׾˭

лһֱʹһ𣬵ͷ뻰⡣
Ťͷ첻ʣأ
ֲģǲ˵
̨Ͽ𣬴ĿӵˣӣлɿǱ߷ϵˣվ߲лСأ
̴չͷȡӵĿյѸײڶ֮£ȻµŤͷȥˡ
лƵŤͷĿ۷ϵˣû˿ǣĿġ
ֱĪ

֮ڷûԷȥϺݺһ£ɫĬץ֣л˿ɫװ¡
ʰҴ˵һȥ飬ҲƵĻطˡ

̸ں沢żӡ
½֮˰ӿɫĪ档
лɽţסϵĺ죬Ŷãᳵ·һڻʣأ
лץ־ҧ²˺ģݺ˵˭ǰ׽Ūҵģ
ᣬſھҧ䣬лɱһӣŭҧԣ

Цű˵Уɡ
лʶתﺬ쵰
ЦŲ⣬лŤŤȥ@Ҷʵ㡣
ⲻҸ˵𣿡
лͷ׼ͱ죬ӵأƲɵ
ģлɷ·Ц
ڻֹ
ţ͵͵˵ˣϸˡ
лֻϢϣǽڵġ
۾ʪĿЦ˵ôң̲ס㡣

лͷ޺˵㡣
Ž˵ҪͲʡ
лǻ£ʼЦԽЦԽ
ļ򣬺ţлЦĶ϶ʣ˵ǣ岻𣿡
޿κƵģʣҪ𣿡
лɲŲЦķת䣬͵Сϣлɾһ󣬴Ѿˣһͷһ˵ҪҰ͵ؽˣŸģ
лŲӣȵ˵ҡ
һ¡
лɴȥ¡
Ҫ󣺡һ㡣
л¡
ֻƵģЦߣ˱ϣЦ˵ҵ㳤ɡ





80.  ʮ   

лɿһ޿κε, Цȥɣٲȥ, лҪˡ
ֵԺ, Ц˵, Ҷȥˡ
лŤͷ㰮ȥȥ, ҲŲ㡣
һڻ, Ц˵, ˣԹ˯һ, мûúϢˡ

л, ʣæʲôأˣ
ݶûʲô£޼һһ常, Щ²
лʣ𣿡
ЦҲǡ
źʹ޳ϵһֱлɣʼվɿ, ʱÿնҪ

лЦ˵ûնҪ, д档
, ˵˯ɡ
лЦЦЦţɡ
, תǷĴţۣڴڵ½֮ңңһۡµת˷䡣

ڶһ磬³żׯܹܹлһ˻ûѣŰӱ߳Ա߳, Ժˣ³廪˱˵˵ɣһһ˳
лЦ˵ɣ㴦ɣȥ￴
ˣЦ˵ȵȡº˵
лվ﹡ϣʲô£
ׯ⼸պϲ廪ţܹԲܣ³ʱû㶢ţʱò
лɣæİɣԼɫҲһֱ㣬˵ⲻһ
ֲ˵ˡ
лɣôˣòôСģ֪䵽ûҲ֪ݵô
̾ǿС
л˵⸽߶˼Σµĵͼּˣһ㣬Ǻķ񡣡
ȤʣܱߵĵͼƳˣ
л˵ͼҪˮɽطû߹ֻĵͼ
֤æһҴȥܱߡ
лɵ٩ôʶȤôöûô
ҪȥҲ㡣
лɰһۡ

лɴȥɣķ
ԶĴɫź˵Ҫȥˣæɡ
лһֿͻسǣŽž˳֣糾ϲʣܣ
Ц˵ҹ⼸վҪˣ˵ڽǶ£ˡ
Ц˵͵Ȳˣκʵ߲
˾ǽˡ
ʣݿɰã
ЦҲֻʣôĸأĸأ˵ˣ
Цű˵ڼңãĸˡ
Ըƣ˻ûظЩµ˵ʷ˵ˣ㵱뻢Ѩһ⡣Ҿ֪飬Ϊ֡
˵⻰ˣҲ⣬⼸Ҳû鷳ֳ
ȴ˵֪֮飬Ҽǳ־͸ÿǡ
εЦ
֪ˣĪҡ
˵ԶĶ֡
ȳţҪȥ̫̫̫̫ûˣ˾ͺۣʣ㸸ôأ
ͷһһֵͣ¬ϣĹأ¬ϸϽж׹ĸӲЩߵʱǰСӣôˣĪôˣ
ŮǣŮŮһЩ
¬Ϻ޽٣С¬ϾͶֵܶ˺ܺá
¬˵һЩƣúܿ࣬ЩһЦһߺ˵ü֮ȥúþƣöǣúд㣬ȥ׼ʳȻĸš˵˾ͷˡ
Ц˵߰ɣĸ׿ɷԸˣдܣҪ߶ҡ
ѵĪҪĸ׶졣

ųţ߶ȥȥ塣
֮󼪣ȥ׼ʳȵľƣȥң˵Ͼ
˵ˡ
ԺӼѾˣŵܵĽĽ䱾ڿջõĻƣԬƹһ࣬˿Ż˲١
˵ɾ⼸ճȥĽǰʲôԵĵطţһѵ
Ц˵һûأӷ˾ˡ
ִܷɾǻķǾǲˡ

ЩС£Ѱ̳ϺõľƣҪһЩ緹Ҫá
˵ɾҾơ
ҺȣǸ˺ȵģҪȻҽվû徲ˡ
˹ԹԽⷿȥˣĽ빭񱳺۾ѱֱ̧ͦͷ·ġ
Ľŵվﲻˡ

ʣɶ飿

£ʣ𣿡
ᡣ
ϺԺӵ𣿡
ܡ
аɣȥ磬ס£㰲š
ĽϡͿıһͨ߻ȥˡ

ڿţ˵յųˡ
ʣأʲôʱߵģ
˵Ԭƹ˵ԸȶγöˣֻǻЩ£Ҫ
żϵصûʲô󲨶˵

˵ԺֻĽһˣ𣿡
ţԺһˣҪܰˣò
ûöߵ˾͹ˡ
齫͵̫̫Ժȥһȥ˴޺ƵԺӡ
ԺＸСǶڣȥʱ޺УΣٹվҪμӱµУˡ
޺ƼûĿۣҲڣˣӻ˵֮Ҳɡ
ܾѹ˶ͣǼúôɡ
ʹһ߿Ŵ޺УܵܣԱ߿ֵʣ˵֮¬ҵˣ
̧ͷãȻĿһۣ˵ǵġ
˵֮ͣײˡ
һס죺ĸѾ࿴ˡ
ȴ˵ͬλ֣һŮ
ҵѾඨˡ壬¼ŮҲ䡣
ῴ˵
֪ģһ˵壬ʼղң¼ҹݣǻȡδ¼ҵۡⷬ˼

Ѿȷ޼¹˼ˡ
޳ֵܼĬ𣬶С˲
ΪĶ޳ȷŵľ¶ţҲ̽Ƿ֪
Ŀ˵֮ǫˣǴ޼Ҷɣء
ԣ˵ˣ޼Ҷɴֻһˡ
ǱУ˶ͣ˵޺ʱĲ廰ˣµ£ĸȥɡ
ЩʶԣüŴǡѰ˽ڣŴ˳
žʣ֮Ƿʲô
ķЦʣΪʣ
˵

Ϊζ嶼ѵ㣿
⣬˴޼
岻ˡ֮ĪҪңЩˡ
̾˵ܹǺ͸һڽǼЩʲôˣ
޳̣Ҳ֪ӹϵá
Ҳٴ˿ڣ˳Ļ˵ɩڽδ飬ƹܽǣޱЩȫ׷֣ҵڵͶС
ǾǽǴ޳̵ĵ̣Щ֣ɳ޺͹ҲѾ޳ˣǸ绢ǿôöûһֱ˵ڹء
Ŵ޳̵ıŴϻǰ˳ķַˡ
ĥһ·̾ܳһĴ©ˮƴƶ˼ŷκδϵĸλ˼̫ˡ




81.  ʮһ   

緹ûʼ, ΪûдŮ죬ͺʹסһ𣬴Ժﾲ, ̾㲻ɼ, ĸ׶û취
ͱѵˡ
˷, ·ϼ, Ҳ֪أԼֵ, ԲŶ˵˼䡣
һ, Ҳķʵھüª̵˵ôªǮ
Цˣ粻زЩ, Щ֮
Ȼ֮, ź˵һֱڹһδ, ֵܼǼ档
ȴ꣬ΰ׳ʵǲʵĺ, ڱ߾һ, ֻһ, ʱҲݳǣ˼Ҵҵĳ, ˺ˬ˵֮ȥҴ磬ҪȥһˣһٺȾơ
Ҵһ棬Ѿˡ
ǳǳ˾䣺ø׽жǰߵĵ
̾ܺһ͸˺ܾ, ȥˣҲ۲Ϊ
⻰š
ڹһߣ򶫣ƿСλҪ
ʣ˭ȥ𣿡
ûУݿŷ͸ײԸҪλسˡ
һʣʲôʱ£
˼ˣʣ֮ΪЩ
Ҽλû뵽λسˡ
̾˵Щˡ

˵Ӧÿ˰ɡ
һۣЦֻһ˵緹ʱֱλֵӡû׺ʵʵ񣺡硣
Ŵο˵ôˡ
һЦһСͷӣնˣŶȥҰһȦ
ЦûأѵܵǶûˣ

αϣЦ˵ˣûأŹذɡ
ʹ𹦿Σϸϸ
ֵ죬Ҳš

緹ʱһ˶̫̫Ժ÷̫̫ȰЦ˵ʲôʱ򶼻ˣܳԸԲ
¬տһˣһ𣬴޺ǳٱţǲ˵
һٷ涼ȵĲˣõġ
˶ȵĲˣŮǱҲԵĲˣ˵ҴȥϢˡ
ȴסȥϢ֮£л㡣
Ц˽飬ִ󷽷£ϣҲԼһ
޺ƺʹ˺ȶˣʼʫ˹ʣ֮ǰѧĺܺãأ
Ͷˣ񣬲Ҳաˣ϶û취
˵㸸˵ǬΪ
Цеľһƶֻ˵ǸʶϲҴΪ
˵һ˼꣬ѳ졣˴޼ҵӵһ

ɢ˺¬ʰ˷֣˻ȥ̫̫Ҫ˯ĸףڻ޼֦̫̫ʣ֮ǲۣ
Ц˵ôᡣ
̫̫һۣŲ軨˵һӵĻɶǼ֮Ѱġ⼸ңҲӦȥǼСģϲ˭Ǽ֮統ģӵĲ֪֮׷ʮһͷ㶪¬⼸궼տڲҶӵĲʹˡ
ĸ磬㬵ĵͷżµ֦ҶЩû
ü˵û¡
̫̫û˵ӵдȣҵǺöɣĪּ֮׽ᣬĪҪΪѼ֮ˡɩף֮ͻѾûˣʮ꣬ɩһ䶼ûԹ⼸궼տڲᣬ¬ס
˵ĸס
̫̫ڰ֣Сȥ˺һֱˡ
ῴ̫̫ĶԷǽϹҵǸǽ辰һһﶼǾ¡
̫̫֮һ˼⣬ˣ
̫̫Σ˵޼һˡ޼ӵܲ׼ǮֻҪ
⻰̫ģˡֻ˵ŵ̫ˡ
̫̫˯˺һ˻Ժӣ·ӴԺĴ
ԸǹֱѧҲʵô޺Ƶϲ
ʡأ
ԺܵҲڡ
ԥƬ̣ʲôҲû˵ԼԺȥˡ

յյţѾˣ˼գҲΪ޳̡
Ӱ޻ˡ
ɽĳɣĪԸӺɽ˵ⱲӾǴˡ
һǨǧƥĪͷѾɽסˡ
޳̵ѾںפˣƽԭشѾʼ޷ǡ


ţܾöû˵
Լ̾ϢҲû뵽ˮһ˸Ķӡ

һȥ˽⣬лɲڣ˵Ǵ˲ȥȥˡ
һû£䣬ĵͼϣϺõƤëɰ͸ɫ϶ϣӽ⿪ʼԲʮˡ
ͼϸ£Ҳ
Ƭ̣̾

лɻʱлһЩԼĥһũҩ
ûںϵˣԼϷ֮ǰдϣȻͷϵһ
һֱҴææģʣôˣ
лɱʲôʱģˡ
Цε˵һֱžͿʼ㣬ˣ㾹Ȼǿ
лŲ̾ߴ죬ˣ˼ġ
ʲô
лɳʵĴ𣺡ũҩ
ȵʣѧҩ㶼ȣ
л˵ɱɱҲ֤ɱǺܼ򵥵ġ
ͳš
лɾϲʣ䵽ˣ
ӹſ˱飬Ц˵ѾˡǺϲǸա
Ц˵СպܾûôСĺˣȻ

л˵ø׼Щҵĺϲ
ְļҳһЦ˵׼ż¸ȥݿԴ
лʣæ𣿡
˵˽һ궼㡣
лɹŹֵĿԥƬ̣ʣǼǲǴˣ
ЦʣΪʲôôʣ
лȻ˵Ͼ㶼ʮһˣѲɣ岻У
ͷʣأ
лʼ磺ҵͽѾȥˣҪͽˣ룬ǲҲܷɻڴˡ
͹
ҪЦЦʣ𣿡
лƣ㲻
ҡͷ
лɻɵĶ
͵Ĵսһ˱ֲ᲻صҧ¡ſЦĿ˵ôͲأ
лɷӦѾվڶֿˡ
лһţ쵰
˵Ťͷȥ˵ˣҪ³˵һ
һʧЦ
һֱĥũҩȵ£һ߰æл߶ͪķӦ鷳
ڶ顣
лɼֹǰٷ֮ʮҵǡ黯黯
ʣʵ飬ܳ֡šִʣ
лɣҵʵܣǵרҵʵ鲻ܡ
ֵǴǳʵ顣
ʣʲô
лĸͣɱȡһֶͨ׵Ľзǳ΢ۼ
ͨ׺ܶࡣ
һȳ󣬺³һ磬ȥԣⶫǸöԺ˵ĺôΡ
֪Ǹ𣿡̽ʡ
лɱװ˵ǵġ
ֻ棬֮ǰĻˡ͵԰԰һʲƵĴѣȲٽӻ
û뵽ҩô򵥡
򵥵˼Ĺˡ
лɽֲͣﳣĲʹȽ鷳ʩʵõⲻҲ϶֪
ǲ˵֪ÿ궼ΪƲƣ϶ġ





82.  ʮ   У

л˵ĺܿ͹ۣ˽԰ʦһЩݱȽϹ, ѱȽϹһЩҲ϶ûٻǮ
˵Щҩ
³ϲ, ҩʣȥ
лȰһʱ, ˵
лxسȥе̺ʹ, ׯϾлɼ, Ҳ徻廪һһװ, , ˱ݸ˵ҽհˣĶ, ˿, ôࡣ
廪ǸϸľĿ, ű࣬ͬ˶ֵĺ
лɷ˱ʣ˹𣿡
廪۴, 𣺡, ๻һׯˡĸׯϲ, ﶼҪ㡣
лɶûΪʳ

ȴ˵
лֵʣЩʳũ, Ҫ㣿
ЦⲻĶ£ĶҪ
лϸϸ˱ʳĿʵ̫ˣлɾȵĿŴҲ̫ˡ

ͷ˵Ҫ֣ҲҪš
лʣǲǳʲô, ôģ
˵£ʱû¡˵ֻģʣµҡ
лɿ˱ʣȫׯ֣ʳЩŻˣ
֮ڶߡ֮
лɿһ룬˲᣺ǿŰɣֻܼԼɡֲҵĲҵ
˵ȫĲҵ
л۵˵˵ģǰżҲᣬ̣УȻҴҵˡ˵ЦЦ
Цۣ㵣š
лε˵аɣԼŰɡ

ڶһлɾͺ³һȥˣĴȾԺǿ˿ڸﻷﴫȾ졣
Ѿ쵽ϥˣﶼˣлɺ³ҩһֱŻоԼɹˣʱ·أݺɱ󣬳ˮλߡ
л·Ϻ³˵ȥ궬һѩûУԸǰʪһЩ
³Щĵ˵ղѩͲǺͷ
лɻͷ˵Щ׼򼸿ھ
³־Щˡ

ѮҪ£¸ʮԺѧӳ⣬УҵɳĹݵѧʿȳ⣬ѡγǰʮɱ³һһ̵
УΪա
лǼնһֱԺû
޼ҵĴҲμУ

ǰһգ½½½֮е鷿ʣа𣿡
½֮һ𣺡ûС
½ʣ֪飿
֪
½ǫѱ汸ԸЩĥǸദˣ㲻ؾ£㲻˼ҲΪ㡣
ˡ
˳鷿վԺͷ鷿˵游һһԺ¬ȻĲ̣ѧӣ˲֪˲

Ժӣ׵ΪҪ׼ҵסԺĸĲࡣ
Ϊл׼ֱϲ֣ǶЩԥˡ
¼֮ǰֵ÷зĶףΪף±סˡû
游ĸĸûӦ¼ҵ롣һ룬ֻľƣĸǺլˣһۣЩ۸ֵ͡
ǳ¼ҲȷʵЩ̫ˡ
֮ǰãɼлɴӽʼͱ˶ţ½ҵ£ȷʵ˺ܶ޶˵Ļ¡

Ͻž;Ҷտôࣿ
½֮οʱհҹˣУ֮ҺúϢͺˡ
鷿תһȦɫƣ룬ο˵ΪЩɵ˿գУ֮ϸѡ¡Ҷ¼ѣк񸣡

½֮ĿЦãʱ䲻ˣĸ׻ȥЪϢɣĪҪ룬£Ҳż
Ϸܲ㻹٣ЩĸһΪ㿼ܵġ
½֪֮Ҳٹִ˵ˡ
УԺУգľճʱ¡
ǰʮ빬ñʡ
½֮һ

ʰաũ¡Ǯ
½֮ʵũ£ϳ£д
ǳ䲻顣ǲǾ䶼ʵ
ˣǮҲĿȦɵ㡣
лɵׯס˰£ÿո飬ѧġлɣࡣ
л˵˾Ҫ룬Ҫ̸ֻ˵ʵڹ̵࣬Լ飬Լͺá
񣬲⻰˼ˡ

У½֮˱ڹУȴæټһְ
½֮˸л˷ţû½ұš
лյţ̶䣺УۡлȸūǰЩյָ̡ȸūߴͽ̡

лɿţЦֵ³˵½ҹҪˡ
³ʣˣ
ЦЦҡҡͷû˵

½֮ӹͲٲӵĿͷˡʵʵڵݱݣƷ
½һڣֻ½֮ƽķ·Լϲһ㡣
˹˷վԼǰͷҡ
л˵ģһ˵ĳһ˵ĳС˵ǼӹӹµµѰֻǸ˵֪ⲻеζֻԼ֪

ͻȻһû˶ֻȸūһ˶ϧһԵˡ
߬ƣģһضҪǼΨȨʱܿ뿴ˡ
ΨȨҪ

ͼ㶵ĿңҲҴߴ٣˲˵ɾȥ鷿
½֮Ĭȥ½µԺӡ
½µʱˣϵϲɫԣ½ܾ֮û游ˣ⼸½¼״̬Ƴ޴ˡ
У˳
½֮ʵش𣺡ʵũ£ԶЩ
£ң½΢΢Ĳһ˿С
½֮ƽ˵ûС
½ġζû˵ʲô
½֮Ҳ˾ôĵš
ԺӶַǷϾ½ҵϲ¡

޼ҵĴĹ飬ѧʣջ޺ƽнȥ޺һһѯʺ󣬲˵˵ѧʵĹѧʶǵƵϴҵǱѧϰ
Ĵ𣺡ǣֶ֪ˡ
ֻ¬Ͽ޵Ƶģ͸ջĴ˵ҲгϢˡ˵Ƕϡ
֪ᣬĸ׸ø˲Ŷԣ˵ֻа̳²ʺǱѧʡ
¬ϲᣬ˵ԣ˾ȥ˵һ֪¡
Ѿ˵ˣðȥ˾һˡѾˡ
¬ϿЦ
ԺѰʣ˵ҸýĹȥ𣿡
ʣҪȻʲô
Щ˵ֻ֪ǾҵѧʻԶԶ
ѧʸѧĶѧˣʣµľͲѧϵˣøѧϰˡ
һʱ⻰벻ףǵͷ˵Ҳ
ֻᣬʮСһζŹطԲѵûһഺڸе궯

ЦҴ˼ΣиóɻˡĸҲһա
֪Сµ£ǸóɻˣҲĸЩǡ
Ĵƿԡ




83.  ʮ   ½֮

ĿЦ, ˳˵װɣˣҸ׼, Ҫʲôͺ˵
ȴ˵Ʒ, ׬Ǯࡣ
ͷЦ˵, ٸҳЩ, ֻܳס
ϵˣЩ͵˵, 綼û, ôܡ
ĴЦ
ڶһ磬½֮ȥ˽, лɻũ鿴, ڼϼ£Ӵ½֮˵½ɾԵȵ, ȸūȥǲ󲻻ڿͷϢϢ
½֮ͷüʣôôã
ͣ˲, ȸū⼸һֱտ, ˳ׯҲտš⼸ۻˡ
½֮һ, ԼȥѰлˡ

л˻, ӶɢʩҩһҲ̴򣬴Ųñ½֮﹡˼βҵʱл﹡һָԶ³˵
½֮һϸ, ȴɷ
лȿվڲԶǣ֣½֮˸ǰһͦûվγ½֣֮½֮ûпǾ֣лץվɿԼʶ½֮һ˲ŵȫǺҿƬ̺󣬼⣬³˵ôŰɣӦܶסҪȻȥϢϢҪȥˮҲҪ׼ˣҵĻ̫ˡ

½֮߶߶ıԹ̾ۡ
³ȥɣ˵˽ղ㡣
ЦѽĻҵأЩҪ㶢š༸죬ǿҪÿնġ
³εļߣȥɡ

Զأתôˣ
½֮ͻȻþɥƽһϲò˼˵ˡһŮӣֻò

лɲµˣʣУ𣿡
½֮֮ǰס˼˵˱µۣǳ˰ɡ

лŤͷʣôˣ˰ڼ
һˡ
лɶʱ׼ο˼ֻȡ衣
ѧԵķգһҲ붮

½֮˵Լ˵¿ʵũƣȸū࣬ǿϸ񡣡
лǵһ㰲ο˵ҲԼı¡ʲôְ
ݱݡ
ǻһȻǴƷһְٶȡ

лɵһ䣬Ťͷ˵˵ˣ˵ʲô°ɡ
½֮ãȻĿ֪Ϊʲôˡ

˻ؼҺл۵ĿڳϺ⼸ˣӦǰȥˣڿϢˡ
˵տʼͲҪȥˣðүȥġ
½֮廰˵ҪҪЩ£Ƕũµϰʽ
л˿ˮЦЦ˵ܹˣ⼸Щæ⼸վͺˡУĿʲô
½֮ʣȸūݵȥ𣿡
лɣΪβȥ
ʵĲġ
ԭƻ·ŵһأĿǰݺͳʷͬһݴʷĸ֡⸱ǱֱָҲͳ˱µۡ
ܳ⻼ľУµĴ˾ٲԶֻӾìܣ廢ŷˣȥ곤ʮԺƱСʤһҲȸū˵

֮ǰȸū˵ģ壬֮𣬲ɵ͡

ϧλĻǣȸū˵
лɼ첻
ʣʲôˣ
˵ҡҡͷֻ˵ѧôЩˣɢա
лЦ˵⼸Ҳˡ
˿˿Ȼȥȸū˽ģֻͽܡ

лѴԺ½֮Ҳڣʣôˣ
ߺлѹļնԣлԺлҲɢԸ񣬹ؾصĻԺˡ
ΪУԺżˣŻУĵһ½ɾȻڼֻþȣȫԺˡ

Ű㣬ƮŵζŮ¶Ĳӣͷɽˮߵˣùÿˣ
ߵ˴𣻡ˣš
һȹһ˫۾ģԴʣҹȥ
˵ŷƷ

˴ͨˡ
ϣ˵
˵ʣùأ
Ц˵˵
Ц˵ùýˣ
¹һ棬ɫãҵģ
𣺡ȻǹùҪ
¹ŵ˵½ңϧˡ
ͷʣΪΣ

¹¶˱µۣ¾Ͳ󹬺լ֮ˡ
Ц˵Ҹһĵû𣿡
¹Ŀ˲䶢Щ
֪
ϲ½֮Ǵٿʼϲóɾû
ϲһǻѪҲϲֻ֪ḯʫʵ
½֮Ĳѧʶ͵ġ˽壬ͬҪܶࡣ
ûˣִôá
ΪִľãԳִڣ˷ɡ
´˼Ժ¡

¹˵롣
֪²ܼǲܴ߹ùã͹ɵ˵ǹùϢһȥˡ
ߺ󣬳¹źߵ˰Ǹп˼˵ҵֶаԣ¼Ҳ档

лѻһ¾ȥ㣬ϰߵһ˼һɵϰߡлѵЩϺлڳһ̳ˣл˵ոóԵġ
л죺سľǰĲˡ
лɻͷЦ⼸óԵĲȻسǵʱԵĴϡ
лԸ£һҪЩɺ
лЦƬ󣬿ʼ
ϴĻϻڣĵһҪ㣬һѧţζڳƮȥŰɣʣµ
½̻֮ĳлѺģͷ͵ĵϣöëֽд£ĪɣΪϼ졣

һ㣬лѳԵĺ죬ڲϺлɱԹôιԵģҶˡ
лСôҶ顣ǶŮΪлѣ˺ܶġлǸʡĺӣǸĸߣܵĶºܶࡣ

ѧκ⣬Ըĸ֮·˲
ڷдֲﲡ棬ڡı档ĺ⼸ձʹڼյĴֱͣϲʱ

ʱӵĵƶˣֻлɷĵƻţ֪⼸æûţֱŽȥлɲ֪϶
ߵ˸ǰлͷҲ̧˵ֺȾˣ
Ц˵ڼдյдˡһյȡ
л϶ͣʣڶôķˣûİɣ
ոǰЦ˵һṩķҪ𣿡
лͣ±ʣͷĿ˵Ҫ
ҭһ仰˵Ȼһʱֱ治л˵Ļ˵Ц




84.  ʮ   м

лɺ˻סı, һĿʣ˵ĵ棿
лթ˵㻰𣿡
ϵЦʼãԽЦԽ, , ȥһ, ò, ص¡
лƿɫˣ
, ʣǲڵң
лɣʲô, ڼӰ࣬û, ʵʵǶ
, лɵĲ滹ûд꣬æŵʱײ, ͷддȷʵЩȶˣǻ·Ѿ, ˺ܾ, ͷ, ˵˯ɣҹˡ
лͷҲ̧ȥ˯, һˣҡ
ÿĶëʣָȾīˮīζ̫, лЩ˼ˡ
ϣлŤͷ׵ЩȣŤͷӵ˸˵ˣôϸ
лŤŤȥѹɤʣʲô
ŤŤȥæ˵Ҳ㣬ұ֤
лӣͻȻ۵ЦҪ¡
ӵ׼¡
Ц˰ʣЦʲôأ
л̲סЦͣʣʲôѽҡ
˿ſţͲˣ
лס۾ʣأæʲôأ
£Щۡ
л׼˵ÿлɵ֣һץ󾱣ѹԴ׵Щ׺ݣлɶ㲻ű˿ϷڻˣлŤͷϺݺҧһڣ۵ǲֹ
лҧˣίĿʣ˵˲۸ң
ﶼԼγŶԷŻĿĿ˵㡣
лզҡ
Ц˵ҸҲңҪǿСһˡ
лɺ죬ץʣ͵ġ
ͷңߣȷʵˣϸŹͷ
лŤ㲻ǲǣ
̲סԴӴ˵ġ
лЦ߿ͷ
˺ܾãлҪϳȥŲߣξ˯ķ
лд걨棬ŹǷʵʵ˯绹Ҫæ
棬棬˵
лԥҪҪȥʧЦ˯ɣҹˡ

ڶһл첻ˣ³ҪӶҩҪȥڴȥׯڣߵʱûѡ
Ҳû˯óҲˡ
ȴѾˣлҲˣӭ϶淿½֮
˴۵Сۣ½֮лɷЩȣ֮Ƿŭһ˯һסȸū

ͷʣ͵ܣʲôʱģ
½֮ѹŻĿжµ䡣
⻰ô˵
½֮벻⣬ԽݣϲȸūԵýȢýƸ棬Ľ

Ц˵
½֮ȸūأ
Ц˵ȥˡ
½֮ͷŴЩź˵½䲻ȸūǡȸūῴ˵֮ͽɣ½֮ҵóԸȸūزĹƻ󡣡

ŤͷطȥˣЦ˵⡣
л綼ûһֱĶëдźͺ˶Ŀлɻоĵͼ
лũҳ緹˿ˡȥɽϿ˼ҰֲҰ⨺ҡ
ʱżֺ磬мúܴˣЩ
º̾ҪҸ׳̫꣬ˡ
½֮׼Ҫߣľסһա

лɻ½֮ڣѯʴûְɣ
ֵֹģ·ԼǸУʲô¶ûУʲô
ϷʵĿҪЦЦģĪ顣

½֮ʣȥˣ
лɺƢĴ𣺡˿ׯڣЩɺЩ䡣
½֮Ҳ˵ʲô˵ţˮ߽䣬ߴϴϴɡ
лɺ½֮˵һȥϴϴ
½֮ͷֳ·ڣڵϸлϴš
Щ񣬾òš

лϴ۵һֱ¡
л̹Ȼţ˽ţЬ࣬ŷˮлɾΣ߬ŽŲӶá
ʣס𣿡
лЩǳ˵µĲǡȥ궬ûѩ٣Ǵ鷳
ͣĶʣϵػãˮԳ㣬ȷʵɺӼһɺء
л̾ʣ첻ꣿ
ϴű˵ôۣǡҲ֪Ǽġˡ
г˺ܾãлɲ˵û˵ʲôɣ
װɵ˵ʲô
лɣװҺô׵ţ׺˻죬Զ˵裬
ʣҾͲ˵ĺҹţҵԭװš
лĺЦ־Ķ䣺ƶⲻһǸСˣʮˡ
˵ʮôˣʮҲҪȢŵģʮСƨţûͲˡ
лźЦʣǸȥġ˵ĺҶҪƵġ
̧ͷĽţ˹Ĳţ˵㵱ȻҪˣжҪ
лէһûôһӦͷͷʣȥɡ
ھ˵áԵɡ

ʱ³л˵ټգҩ¾ˡ򾮵Ѿڰˡ
лɲڷ˵ڻϸԺãǿǺö
³Ц˵ůԱߡ
½֮˿ڲˣȸūׯ治Ϊλࣿ
³л֪ôشл˵̼֣Ǹ죬һշæ

½֮Ĳ䷨˵ׯ԰ֲ̼̼ͬׯ԰ũ
лԳЦ˵ֵǮľӡ
˳ָʢ˵Ϣˡ
л˳˵Ϣ⼸ˡ
³˵һҼС

½֮ż죬˿Ϸ죬һһǸˣǶҲ档
ȸūʼնǿԴܣͶ䶼ǡʵķ裬޿κΣȸū£ʵΪ
ȷţһƽˡҪסΪʼվԼиٲԼľ

½ҵѾˣ½֮ûдʲô½ߵͣ˹ؾصлɿдˣ˵Ҳ˵ˡʲôʣʱңұض֪޲ԡ
½֮һɫȡ
֪´߶š
ˣŻͷл˵ȸūлڷˡ




85.  ʮ   ½֮

л, Ȼط俴ۣķʰǸ׼Ķ˵ķ䣬żϷŵİڼ, ݡ
Ϸһϻ, лɺĴ, һСС, ɽ, Щ񺺴ʽ
л￴, Щ֣ɽЩϲ̽ͭѬ¯Ķϵ͡
½֮ϵ, ôͶá

, ʣ͵ģ
лиߣ, ˵رϲһû뵽Ҳӵ
еİãиݹĸס
ʣ㻹ϲʲô
лЦ˵ϲĿ̫ˡ
ùȥۣ޵ǿ񡣡
лɷⲻ, ǵ̺ļֵɽʷϵǼͼһ
ȷʵ֪
лͻȻʣ˵ǻ᲻ͻȻȥ
ͷ, û˵, źİڼȥϢɡ
лƲƲ, һۣطˣĸŽлɵ۾ʣ
һȻ˵˯
лɸĺƤˣ˼ʣᳵ·ˣ
ȥ˳·Ͽ˱˵ѽ, ҷе䣬ð˾Ͳˡ
лʣů𣿡
û˵ÿһŮһС¯
лɣŶͼůǰɣ
˯Щеûġ

½֮Ǻڽֱӱ½½н鷿
½ʣ׼ˣ
½֮ʮأѧʶȻˡ·Լˡ
½⻰ĿһʱȻ֪ô˵
½֮Ц˵ʱˣ游ЩϢȥî֮Ҫڹһ½̵֮ŻΡ
½ЩȻȥɡ
½֮ţ˶٣ʲôû˵
游ȥΣԭڳӽ
űĸоŹȻգǿԲһδرڳǿ

Ժӵ·ϣǲˣԼŵߣԺżĵţŽȥЦʣĸϢ
ϼŵƣ¶صһ˻üʣߵأôԼһŵƣԽԽûˣ
½֮ЦЦϨ˵ƣſڵϣº͵ʣĸ׾ùʲô
ϼɫūˣź˾͸йء
½֮˵ĹأڹأˡĸǲգǹأǿոǿΪˡ
ϲŲĹأ̾˵ҲǺصġ

½֮ʣĸô˯ʲô£
ϼУ¿ô죬ۿŷʮˡУϵͷ¸綩Ϊá
½֮ɫʣĸ׵˼ǣ
ϵĻͷϽ˵úͳ¼Щ¶£¼ҵСãԶ䣬

½֮ĿϱŵĿ⿴ķʣΪҡ
½֮ƽ˵ĸף⻰һΡҲˡ½Һͳ¼Զܽסס½ΣѣѾڵˣ򲻿ߴ߳һ¾Ͳһʧһǲ¼ҡĸ𣿡
ϱŵˣĿ
½֮ҩĸȰлĸ游ѾˣȻϻͷĸΪҺãҵ¾ͲҪޡΪ°£ҵ·£򲻿մȾ  Ȩ󡣡
ŵһ亹½֮ºĺӣûģĺ˵
ĶӣҲ½ĺӡ
ŵӦҼˣһȰĸġ
½֮΢΢¶Ц⣬˱裬˵սҪڹסһʱգ֮ȥΡĸԺ󲻿͡
һԶУ᲻ã߶ҪˣôͻȻ£ô죿
½֮οգĸȥסһƽԵ֮£춨ĸײǿ󡣡
дӲķԸһŸͣԣȥƽҲ׼
½֮ЦĬ
ϣһڷ䣬Щ΢΢ĺڣĸ׺ĸǺլˣʶޣҪЩ㣬ȸūҲǣҲлҡ

һ˿˰ҹ΢΢˯¡
ڶһϴ׵׼ڹſ˴޼ҵɣĹݣǸԸִĶˣ˭еһġûиߵ֮֡
½֮ЦЦѧʶ˵½ũϵѧʣ̾硣
½֮ǫ飺ҲѧѧġԼı¡
Ц˵֪һλ㣬ũн
½֪֮˵Ķлɣûнӻ

һʮλѧ빬
ȥ·ϣѧ˽ĳݡùã·ʱÿӿۣһ۾Ϳ½֮һɫԲۣһѧӱ
ѧ΢΢̧ͷ濴½֮ʼնͷ档
ЩķӣȻͷȥԼƻǵͷ

ɰҴûҵˣԬƹҴڸĥīûʶлɻͼֽлɺһϣŹ˼Ȼ綼û

ϸлɻ棬˵۵ĹǺлɲӷᣬָĵط˵ɽ̫׼ȷԼĳߴ硣
ʶգ˵ûѧģϧˡ
лЦ˵СʱǲȤҪδԼ
ֻǸء
˶Ҫ˵ԬƹͽԺӣлƿۣŬŬ°͡
ۣʣʲôˣ
ĿԺӣ˵ɾϸ˵ɡ
˻
лɲ˼ʣ̸飿
˳ַмӣæġҵȻȥ׼ԵģϢϢ
лʧЦﵱˡ

ǽݣ˱裬к
ŵվֱƴǡ
Ԭƹϰˣ˲£ͷ˵ɾ
Ԭƹߡ
ǧ̲Ѿˣֻڻ«έɾЩʲôЩĴͣ
ʣʱģεĺӵ޺ãʱֵĺõط
̾ЦⶼǺµˡɾδ׼̫ˡ
ʣɻ˳֣
ֻù죬⣬˳˳֡
˵·ϵ¶࣬Ƣγѹסˡÿ¶һʲôѴԬƹ˵
ԬƹЦ˵ɾְƸˡ
Ц˵أϵص⣬һЩһ֣Ҫ̰ĹأƢãϲ׬Ǯ˱ǮҪ׬Ǯԣǲܿˡ
Ц˵ɾĹ֪

㶮أοˣҰѱ衣˶ûôʮ⡣ơ
û뵽˵
ԬƹЦ˵ɾˣҾֻܵˣ
Ц˵аɣԼ˵ɣϵ£Լ˵˵õĻĶ˵




86.  ʮ   ޼

һһ, ⣬ëƤҶ˿űࡣ
͵ļҪԬƹһֱ, , Ԭƹʣôе˼, û˼ˣ
º͵Ц, ˵ɾǣĳ
ȴ˵϶, ˮ֮, һֱû϶ʲôʧҪ¡

ԬƹĻ, Ťͷһ, ǱϾ³Щ, æ˵ɾǵҲǣ̲ѾԺˡ޺ӵ̵ʱƬ̲ɾ׬ˡ
Ц˵һ, ص㡣
ϸϸ, лͼ, ʼдʼǣеҪ
Ķ̲ס, ǳ𣿡
Ԭƹ˵ûأлׯ
лЦ֪Ǹˣ˵ȥԵģǼǵġ
е㾪ȵĿ۳ŵлɡ

ʲôպһ١
ԬƹȤӴ, ɾɲ
Ц˰ɡ

лɽ֪εҰˣϴˮľ²Ҳڰϡ
Ӷҵĸ˸³ȥͷȥˡ
ڹ˲ˣлxȥ˶ȥµĽˡǼˣƽʱԵҲ򵥡
лɳ˿⣬ζ
ԼҲöˣ˸²ˣ˸
ĸڳԷл󷽣Ԭƹ񣺡һֵǮж٣
ԬƹõӣЦ˵лׯôҪλã
лɴһʣûԬƹı¡
Ԭƹ۴ûһЦ˵лׯı£Ǽʶģǳܼ

л֪˵ˣҲ˵
ͬ˽ȥˣлȥһˣһӶʰԺӣˮлڷ˸裬䣬ůûͣ
¶ãһԺЩ˯ˡ

ǻؼңյյţ˵ݾ¡
ƴӹ޹ɽµüΣ˴һƥҪȥפأȴһôȥ
֮˵ݱϳ˲޳ת˽ӡһ򵣵ס

Ϣ̫ˣڳʷĸ¥һ磬ͨѶȲʱҪ˿Ųͷ
˼ң޼ҰͰְ࣬»ᱻµΣڵԼģǴ̫ʹ˺ܾã⼸»һֱڳ
Ͳڳ𣿡
Щ꣬Щο˵ֻ֮⣬Щ㲻زġ
⻰δٶۻߺ֪
ԺĽèܲܳԺɻ֡

Žˣſϣ˵磬硣
֣չȥȻĿʣôûͼȥ棿
˵ҪߣҲϲ
ü䡣
ȥϵĻ
˻˳ժˣʴ˵ҴΣȥ𣿡
˵һȥ
Ҳ죺ˣûˡ
ŮһԴ˵ҴˣȥĽҡ

Ůңڸߣйزǡ
˵һľִ٣ûʲôС˵ļžСֻҪ档
۴Ц

Ⱥߴ̻̾ǡ
ʣ⻰ô˵
֮ǼҲͬ壬޼ӵܲɺݲɶ˴޼
ʣǹܴ޼Ůʲô£
סˡ
ʣ֪ʲôǾЩҲ˵
ĻˣϺɫһغ̾˵֮˵ЩͣЩ
磬ʲô£Щ˵ǡ
Щףȥϵأȥݰ
üʣʲôʱ£
ǰ˵ġ屾˵ЩãȻ
иģĸˡ
ŻݻǸ֡¶ֵܶںϳͨ裬Ǵ޳̿ʲôöȥϵְ
˰Σ˵ĵ˵ż

ʱ³ںԺԼᳵ·ݣл˯ˣĿѡŵһʣ˭
ѾˣŤͷͿļ磬վʣ˶ˣ
лɾΣȥ
һҲ˵
ˮѾˣžһ˿䡣
Ҫ·쵰ȥ
ŤͷҲ㴩ɡ
лɾĶ㣬ٲҹˡ
ˮлɳҵĲˮϽ·ʪĳʪϢ
лڱϣ˳ֽӹͷлɾЩԹԵţˡ
߲ͷ˵㣬϶ð
л죺Ϲҷ䣬㻹ˣ
ЦҲ⻰Ķͣʣȥʲôˣ
лɵһķͷһֱ䴩ǵķ񣬱Ǹ˼¶
лЩҲʲôĻˡķʪģˮգİڲˮͷܺãŨܷ
ʣ費Ҫͷ
ĳΪա
ŤͷʣԼ𣿡
ȻԣֻһȻǿԵġ
лɿյ˵ҴǰǶ̷˲˳Ҳ̣ܶôͷֱΪ
ͷ볱ͷֲСĴĺ󾱣лĲһ
ֻ˯£űӵƤʪʪմˮ
ֱֽ󾱣ͷȥ¡
ģе⧲
еĻȡӦˣͷˡ
ֻЦ˵
лС
ſţʣҪҪнǣ
лɿ˵
εǺ֮ǰͬлɱ췭ظԽȱʵս飬̸Ҳȱپ顣
äĿϳֱԿס
˵ͷ
лɱ϶ŵŤͷһ㣬ͣ£лɺҶ
Цڻͷ˵ˣͷ
лϳ֤ˣлɾǲ
˵ȥˮ
лɿ

һлɹűӿĵˮ䡣ſʣǰ𣿡
ͷɨش𣺡
лЦŵ٩ûͦӵġ
εЦ˵ҲԸɼһԳԷء
лʣҲźǰŮѣ
̧ͷһۣͷɨسȥɨ㣬ûлش
ٽߣǰŮѵ£Դ󷽷ʣҶ㣬Դ׵С
лĿ֣˵ҲŲ֪㰮˵˵
𣿵ûԴף
лɾԼܲУ춼ûӮİգ˵ҿˣȥˮ




87.  ʮ   ׯ

ת۾Ǿ, ǰϦһ꣬лѾȥ, Щ, , ÿҪҿɹ̫Щ, ײϼʮӶ³Ѿ˳˹һ, һհ, հ׵Щſ񣬱³, ĹšǱصʵ, ³׺Ϊʵܺơ
ߺ, ˸ɻˣ³֮ǰټһסׯϡҵضûˣлԭ³һӶ߹Ǹɻ, ҲԸִΪū³ԾһסںԺ
ĶӽТ, ǸСŮ찢ᡣҲǵ˸ĸϲи, ݵһС
³˵ＸӶزˣֻʣôࡣТʮѾ, ûкӡ

Ѿʼˣлůصȫǵס
գ³ѾˣлůɻϳѾˣĶƼ, Ҫ£лüǸСŮݵ˿ľС֣ʲô֣
Сĸ׻ӺݺݵЩŵĿ϶ͻɡ
лҲǣ˵ȥԵ㶫ҲԵɡ
æ˵㰾ˣȺһ㡣
лŤͷָָǣԽԽˡҲܰ㡣
ˬʵЦ˵һܸɵġ
лɣǾŰɡ
˵˵ɡ
˽ִٵһТŲŶʮ꣬óᣬݡ
л˵ԺסںԺԺͼѼ죬ЩǺԺǶģҪزֿ⣬Էһ𡣡
¶ģֻܵͷ
³ȥס
лɺ࣬Ѿ׵ˡ
³Ц˵ס˵ǲһо
ߺлxҲһֱڼңƽﶼĵģȥÿյ֡
˴סʱһµׯͳر

˹Ĳлɸջ𣬵ȳ˽кϴֳԷĵȳ극ʰ
ִٵĲһվſڲ
³һϣԸȸūûôأԱҪ
һ˱£廨ˣĺҲࡣ
³Ե٣һɨա
лЦкʢһ㣬ǸǺ¾ӡտʼҪɻˡ
ִٵӶѾĶˡ
Ц˵ﶼԵģ׼ڳʳϾϸһЩֻסţĻеǣ
лɲôдˣҲ̫ô˵滰֮ǰЩɫ޵··ɣòЩ
Ц˵㿴ļҵСƵģյɾ
лɷҵͲСˣȻҪЩ

죬ˣֿʼʱ˻һЩɡ
˺ʵںݵˣһͰˮɣ꣬ѾˣӸ³ȥ
лȥʶܶҰˣɫ죬ſһ𣬺˵ܺóԵġ
лʵʶЦ˵ǺðɣȥóԵġ
Ÿպãݵ˿ۣлɲţȥˣԼС¯ϵɰСԵӪТĸߴ󣬵ǼʵʱӲԺɨԺӣȦʲôɡ
лͿ࣬Ȱ˵Ȧǻɨľͱˡ
ʵǾվڳſ˵ȥɨԺӡ
лΣԺӸɾأЪЪ
һնϢϴ֣ɨ

ȴٻԺѾȻһ£ʧЦ˵԰ߺԺûôɾ
лɰһۣ˵أôͲ֪ɨ
ţ˵ˣ괺ĵ־ںϲ֣벻ȥ
л񾭲ƵĿʣģ
֮󲻾Ϳˣ
лɣôҲҪ֮˰ɡ
дźܳдҲܼҳ˱˵߶߶ˣÿһ˶ʵˣԼҲ˵ĺϸڻǸŰգնչˣǰʱŰȥ˺ʶһƽҲʶ
кӹȻһһƥġ
лο˵ӺȻ˵ҪϢЩ̫ҡ¡
ЩζĵܵԵǺܲ
лЦ˵Ȼˣϡ
ź˵Ŷźұôࡣ
ЦлʣƽԭֻЩӣǿ
ȴ˵ȥ˾֪ˡ
лɰ˵Լĵضûףй㿴Щ

ʱһˣһѾеӦлɵĹأһϳԷȻûô󷽣һЩ
죺úȡ
Դŵ˲ӡ
лüģǲȡ
˵˵ԷҪԶҪΪԶѵСҼȻǣͻǳԺáȳԱɻ¡𣿡
ͷŵӦ
Բ˵ǵлׯƣС
³к˵ֻܳԡһ׳ʵ˲١
лɺʹ˵ĵ˺󣬿³ţҰȥʳ
ЦЦ˵Ҳһҵʳ
л᲻ƬׯǻǽЩʱ³ˡ
ͷ˵֪ˡ
תлɵѾߣ³˾飬Ҹ𣬺½ׯľΪһ˴֮ǰݵᾣ²òˣǵøڴׯ˶дҪлūǵлɿЦá
ջʹˣƹҪŮ˵ȥ˺ź˺ܾãʱһˣлϸɵȥһ˻¿귢лЦʣôˣ
һɫæ˵ȥ·
лɽݣܺͱīź˵Ϊ·𣿡
л£˼ʣ¶ˣ
ͷЩãȻ˵ҺĽ㣬ʲô¶
ĿЦã˵ҵҲʲô¶
𣺡½ҵ׺󣬳Сǲ֪͵Цж٣ǽ˵סƫƫ½ɷŻżȢףΪ
лɻ֪¡
ͳ¼ҵûɣ
Ϣ֪ͨٱʼ볤İԡ
½֮ǰ˵ͳ¼Һʪ׽֪ģ½Уͷ½ҷŻ˵˿¸һǩԵ˵ǰԵںԵԼ⡣
лɺʣʲôʱ£
Ͱǰ
лĥʣǳ¼أ
ֻ˵¼ҾͲ޼ŮˡóСЦһӡ
лŰԣЦ˵Ǹ⣬û¡
ʣĲź½ɿУһҪɻڴġ
л˳˵԰Ҫɻڴˣô죬Ѿˡ
˿ź




88.  ʮ   

л˵Ͳź, һЩƤСƵġ
Цʣƹ˭ҵɾ
ͷһۣЩɥ˵ǳһѰ, һ, ĺһ, ԸҲһ, ʲôһ㡣
лʣ㲻ϲ
𣺡ϲϲʲôãҺͽ㲻һ, ҿɲȥס
л̽ͷ۴, ˵ǲףҪó, 㰢ү㲻ɾı, ܳŵҵԼ
Ŀ̶۾˹, Цɵ˵Һ׽˼ˡ
лЦ˵ҪԼס
͵˵ǽ˵Ҷˡ
ʱɡŽ˵Ȼһ
ſ, Ƭ, εЦ˵Ѱһ, 治С
˵Ťͷȥˡ
лЦʲôû˵
𱻴, ȵĿųȥĴŤͷлɣԭС
лɸϽЦ˵û˵Ҳˣֻǲ½ҡ

µĻεҲòпϵ˵λҲǿ㲻
лʣ½ɱأ
ԭ½ɵʵӵߣǴд˵ĳ, ǧԹĴݣഺڵ½ܱ֮ȵġ
ԭΪлɾǲףһǻ֪֮ıĳƵ䡣
ԹĿлɣǵлЦͣ

޺޵ıԹ˵ǹģô
лɣʲôû˵Լ˵ġ
̾˵˵ˣҪȥѧˣҲûԼҲɾģ˲ῴˣҰүҡ

ˣֽлɵ˵ƣڵ¿飬Ťͷʣôֽˣ
Ȼ˵һܡ
лɾܾҲҪⷿ䲻󣬰ڲôĶ
ػ˵պԺͶһŶС¥
лɺʣʲôǣľͷ

Ŀʣ
лɳɵʣأ
ǣǼǵã˵˵ҶԼΣܸǳС¥
лڴסľƽС¥ִš
ЦЦĶʣʲô˼
겻Ҫܿ޷𣿵ʱǱ߿һեͷĵض࣬ʲô
һҲǣ滮ӹ硣Ҫ֣Щӹȡ֮һʣµľǵĻڿӵĵط
οũĲѾˡ
л˿ҪллϰͶʡ

ҲĴȤ˵ȥһ
лɹʣ̫߳ˣ
Ͽ˵ֻһԺѧ
л̾㻹ץʱ׬Ǯɿ
ͷ˵ĿһۣЦ˵š

껹ûͣϸ꣬ũǴֶлɸŽʣʣʲôʱѧģ
ͷҲ̧˵ζ㣬ܹǻһЩ
лڲԣʣݵ£ôˣ
˵̫°Ͱ࣬Ĵǰ
лɺ̽ʣǴ޼ң˼


лҲǲܽܣֻһʱתϾȨλֻʷ
ʣǽûݱ½𣿡
ûС
лȻһʱҲˡ
Ц˵ֲˣ
л˵ҶδܻǸʱ򡣰ݵĽȣǸ߲֣Ǵ޼һӶܲݡ
˵ˣʣƽԭǵĴӪɽǻֻȱˡ
οûô죬̫ƽҲ´޳̾Ͳᶯ֣вѵɡ
л뵽һܸЦĻ㻹Ҫʱ

лɾ˵µʱȥƽԭɡ
ͷЦʣôԸȥˣ
лɣ㵲ס޳̣עҪǣֻˡҪȻҳӣҲѲ˸ϵ
Ц˵ҦҺ˼ξƣﶼ֮⡣֪˭˼ǻǹ̬ȡλ¿̫š
лƲƲ죺ŲţҵǸũģֲǸġõ飿
ٺã˵治سסһʱ䣿
лЦ˵ôصˣʺסڳ
˵ʣǼҶ£ûҪˣ
˵۾Ц⡣
лʣ޳أû뷨Լ͸Ƥ÷ˮû𣿡

޳̸£ڶȥ˺ĪŴׯ˸Ⱥɽʣʹˣ޳̵פ򱱵Ķʮﴦ򶫽ǺƽԭƬȫģ
޳̴ŽҹҹﱼϮʱǽ˴壬ܴ˵޵ģ˵һηԭϴӲԭӳĺˣﰲˣ˴ӣˣ⼸һֱҴǸĪġ
޳̿ŴмĹ㳡Ų˵ʣﶼʲô
ӡסӹȣʲôֶ֣ɸġ
޳ʣһʲôʱܵ
һ£𣺡˵ڳҪѺ͡
޳̾⣬۽Ҳʲôû˵ȥһȦɽ£ޣ֮ǰ̫ͷɽĪ˴󲿷ֵǨȥɽ£Ϳճˣı˽ĸ·
޳ֹ֮ͽȥ˷ǡ
˿ĵˣЩ⵫ǲҶʣ޳ףֶˡֻҪճɺãıǮ
ãʽŷŵ𣿡
ûУ˵ŷŲû˸Ұ
޳ޱ飬ԶҰ˵ôߣղݣѾˡһδˡ
Ӧ
޳tһԶԸӽ̣˴
˻Ѿˣæ˵ŵˡ
޳̽磬ϵŴ򿪣дĺְλЩʡǱȵʮѧӡ
޼ҵĴ˳Ĺݡ
½ҵ½֮ݱݡ

дǹڶԴ£ƴ¹ţй֮ԴĻ⡣˺۵ԡ
޳̿ţеЦʣҪ𣿡
޳Ц⣬˵»ҪЩۡ
￴Щ˵Щʱûˡ
޳̻ͷһçֱʣ֮֮ǰ͵͵ˣ
˴һƥȻ˵û
˵⣬˵ˣҲ˵һ˵˸ΪǺǹȥܿƵģǾãǴ޼ҵˡ֮ǰݻϱҰһ㶪ڹ޽ûˣôҩһԵİţӣ˺Ⱦơ

޳ԽºͣﵹοЩ걳ںˮλֳ׵϶ֳ׽
ػıԡȡʶȫˡ




89.  ʮ   

ﲻȴԸº, ˬֱý˵æ, һȥɡ
ûͷ۳ŵĴ, ʹ޳˵ƥͷ, ⼸ڷ
޳ЦЦΪ⡣
˵Ըˬֱ, Щ
޳̵Ц˵

˳˵ѾȺ󲿷ֶǨƹˣȥһ, ǸܵЩ׺
޳ѵõͣ, ǸĹ
˵˵²ܵ飬޺ú, ʱʮﾡ۵סͻһնڱɽ, ʱ򡣡
ģʵЦ˵궬̫ƽ, Ҳ֮ǰ֡
޳̵Ŵһʳ
գûȥһˣǰϦ, ޼Ҫ, ӹ, һԺϸʣʮ˶˹٣
һһ۴𣺡, ֻоΣʣµĶڳĴС
ʣ½֮أ
¸֮ǰίΣȥ˽϶
üʣ
⽭
һ٣̲⽭ųһʿԹǳĳĵطǰļλ˾, ֮ء
ʴ¿ɻ˵ʲôˣ
ºҵ˵ǳĹݹµ伮Ǳѧ
£ʮдмλϸѡˡһȺ﷽¡

޺Ŵ޼ӵܻسؼ棬լϱߣ¬Ҫһ˵ĳУæԼŴϺСģԼż
лЩ岻ʣһ·ɫլΪòסˣЩʡǮһ飬Ѭ㣬¬ϼź˵Ҷ˼ڹˣ֪ǿ١
ʧЦ޼˾ۼÿǮãĸ˰һûף˼硣ǵ͵Ķˣ磬˶Ҳû뷨յϣ¬Ͼĺ˵ļ㡣
ȡƣæƴǣĸвɺһҪ֪⼸Ҫչ˼λ岮ȻȥҪް¡
¬üͷˡ

µķӵлԻլͲ¬ɥ˵ȥæİɣȥһֱ
Ц˵Ǹö࿴
¬ϱЦĪ

Ｘλ岮үүĶӣλүүţΪ£ͷ㵽βиձİþǽųƽţܽ
һ죬еĺȶˣеܺȾƣգȼ֮󣬴ĵˡ
θݱݡŷݿյ£ûס֪ˡ
ŷһߣף޳鼫ظʮأийؾ䡣
⴦źأϸƷ־д£ʼնû
ݱصĿȱ²ûеˡ

յţʹ޺鷿̸һ磬˾ɫ糣֪һЩ˵ģݺ÷ţʱԻСˡ
˺õֻҲʹϴ鷿ݴֻЦ˵òڼҡҲˡ
Ц˵ңֻܺĽ˵һҾ֪ˡ
ٷϽҲ竣õЩСûʲôȤ񲿹ְٺ»һ˴Щ

󣬼λٺ»ԼţĲҵڴ޺ҶЩǮš
ݽƵ˵򿪿
һ룬ǳַͼղྫʣдʵƬ̣Ц˵ɵ˼
Ц˵ҲϲƽֱɵĻӦûϲ͸ˡ
˵ղæ
ĸĵˣ⼸ҲͲȥˣ˵׼ʲôʱҪߡ
ȵʣճģ
һҲͬ˵Ը㰢үһƲġ
ɫʣҲ֪ε
Щο˵ȥ˺㰢үҲиӦݱݡ
̾޳̺ı¡

ȴҪߣ˳ֽԬƹźҸ˴ݡ
ŰɣƽҲûʱ䡣
ߴݣȥԺһ磬Ժֵ࣬ܶһڿ飬һ鷿﷭ͼ
Ľ۴˵㿴ģҡ
ȴ˵䲻ڳҰǴҶ˼
Ц˵ǺҶ˵һ

ȥ󣬴ʹ޺ƶڣ˵ȥһ˰ɡ
һ˶ʲôëлܺú˵

ܾǲУҪ֮ʱ䡣ĵˣ
޺˵ºͣ˵㸸׻ȥݡ
ҲҴţȻ޼˼Ŀǰδıľ£۰һǿ϶ġ
Ǿһб䣬޼ұػ
ڳתȱȱһתһøҶѾˡʣµȷʵΪˡϵģҲݺƥҾû취ˡ
ıҲҴţ˵紦
޺Ц˵㿴㣬˵ôֱײ
Ҳ˵ģ˵˵θݱݣϲ
ʣĵҲˣ֪
۴޺ơ
һС
ֲã޼ҵĴݡڳ

˾䣺괺ȱ֮꣬ǰ꣬Ҫ¡
޺һʱûӦţ༰ĻǴϵһͶˡ
˵ϵˮ֣⺵ܹ֡鲻Ǻ¡
޺ƾ֮˵
ЦЦľˡ
ֶһֱĵϵƣ޺Է˵һ£Ҫȥһˡãǡ
˵ͷҲصˡ

л⼸ڶŹȣˮҪ׼ʩҪλ´ֵ֣ܳϻѾ۵ۡ
ϺϱʰĻݴůҲ˼衣
ڿ죬ɻĿ϶Ȼ˼ɫ·
٣ɫá
лɻɫ޵ĺ鶼ˣʱлɰĦȣ﹡ˤһӣˤʯͷϣϥ࣬ȲһƬ
ϿЩë˺󣬽Լࡣ
л۹ۣǾҲζġ
ҰȥˣҲˡ⼸ձԣҸ⡣
лʣʲôóԵģ
СҲ࣬Ц˵Ҳôʳʲô͸ҷԸ

һЦ˵㶼ôˣ
лŤͷЦ˵ǲȻأڿǮˡ
ȴ˵⼸յ࣬ˤȳһȻһ
ʣô£
лɼɫˣɵЦ˵û·ˤһӣûʲô¡
ûнд򿴿
л죺û£ˣֲѾʻŶˡ
Ҳ˵ףԹ³Ҳ֪Щʲôôˤ
л޷˵º˵һѡ
ŴϽطȥˡ
ûֱӽȻطÿۣϥ࣬СȵĲƤһƬ
ʣô£
ӶǺͺӶ԰˳ͻ³˲ڣУұһѡ
ʣʵ˵
лɼ࣬˵ֻǳͻ³ϻȥˣò³ڶû
ϥǣͷҲ̧Ҫȷû£ĶҲҪ
лĿЦáȥ³Կ
β˵ȥ
³ĺܳ٣ʲôû˵ֻ˵ˡ
³˵ɵѪԡ
лԵ˵㵹ǸҽôѪѽ




90.  ʮ   ˼伲

ˮεĴׯ˽ˮӵˮס, ˮȡε˸żǵĵȵһ룬βϷˮ, Ӷǲ, ҹغȥ˰, Ϳʼ, εİӿڱ̫󣬵̰ӶЩ廵ˡ
ڶδһ׳, лտ, ӶǻƵлʡ
ԶԶһˣȺ˳źӵ, ˮ, ˮѰ˵Ϳųͷˮٵ߰, ûüӦӶǾͺǰ˴ˣǰһƬ, ֪˭Ƶˤ˸Ǳ, ۵ð, û

ǸԶԶɱĺǳһͨ, ԼһȳһյĻˣ³û
ʱ˳£˭Ҳûռˡ

³ȷʵлŮڵƹĳǣ³ɫǽģԵĲ, л׷ʣ𣿡
³ѹƢ׺ݵʣǴˣ
лִȺܵ£˵˵ȥ쵼˵е壬ü˵ҲǴңţ֪˭ƵˡҪǴңҿ϶ˡ
³޺޵˵
һƫĲϸס

лæ׷ʺĴҸӣˣ
Тǰ˲˵ɾ˳ŵˣͷµġ
лɾȵʣôʱ䣬ô˽ģ
˵
³޵˵䶯ͷˣ
лɿһĶôᣬͷ۵˵ҲǴ£Ǳôֳ֣鷳ˡ
ô˵ģҲôһȺƫƫصüû

οû£壬мҲͷˡ
л̾ȥûжѩ٣ôȥҪµġ
³ֱ£´һ£

˵ףߵԷɣ˷˵
ҸһĨѾˮˡ
³ʹһ飬лԱʣǵ˵˵ķЩװɣҲ֮֡
³Ƥˣûʲô¡
лȥҲƽ֣֮ҹȥηˮҲࡣ
˿˵Ǿ͸ÿЩǮͷȥˮĽʣŵЩ
лЦ˵ʲôҪиͷˣԺ࿴Щ
ͻȻ˵һһֱŵһˡ
лһۡ
˿ũ̫ˣ¸סҪ¶š

廪²̫ʱһֱʹֵ£ֱӻسʷˡ
ϻطлɺʹ˵𣺡Ҫߵˣ廪˽أ³ҪˣճȥǸʣǵԺ֡
˼Ƭ̣Ҳá
лɼˣЦ˵Ҷôô⣬ǹҵġ˵µѾ˾ˣһ׵ũˣʱֵģ뿪Щ

ʣǰҲô˵𣿡
ƶôвίģǣʱûɽġǳʣµĶǿ־塣챼ߣղˡһ·ӳ嵽档
ĳЦ˵ܶ£⣬һһǰ۸Ҳ۸ҹ۸ûԷǻóԵдҡش򽻵ˣ˼ʵ򵥣³çССƶдϣʱͺ

֪ʲô˵Զôᣬֻ˵ѵһվͽ˷ˡ
һϴǰëϥǣһƬЩɲ
ڶһ磬³׼ȥԼҸȥ˵ﶢŹȣлڼ￴硣
ʱš

л˻ԺŮ˵
ڳ׼緹ںԺտֻԺϴ·һŮ˽ʣлң
ɻĴ𣺡ǣ˭
һŮ˼Ϊˣ¿ͷŵϸϽ
Ů˿˵ǵҵķǵˣץˡ

лɿŴ⼸Ůˣ˵˲£Ǿڴˡ
ǸŮͷ̳ͷ˵ԶԶԣ룬ﲻûˣ˴ҴǸʲôɡ
лüŸſͷŮˣʣǽʲô

Ů˿һɫһǳ꼢ƶĺôȫǹǼܡü̵˵
Ͻ
лһȳһյĳϲĵ죺ǼСӾǵ˴ġ
лʧЦŮ˼лȳŵɫ̡̻
лгԵ𣿡
ŮõĶһֻһխխѬ⣬һӼĶ
֪̾˼ˣ˵ʣµһЩ
лɣϡ
϶˵ˣһԴлңٶ⣬óԺúȣҲûʲôػԵöԲˡ
СӵĳҲ̫ˡ

⼸ŮҲǣȥˡл£ʣǴֵʲôʲôأ
ǸͷͷŮӵĴ𣺡ûֲ꣬ȥֻܷˮأ⼸ղŸֵҼҡ
лʣǼҶٵأ
Ķ
ˣ
Ÿˡ

˰ʹպţҶôġ

лԽԽ̾˳̾˵ȳ԰ɣȻ˻ˣϸ˵
Ů˻ֵ̿ĲϳԣŵŮô˵ͿʼޣҲ˵
л˵ϵŵûȳԣ˷ȥǵˣдǳԷҵ񡣷˺ͳԷһһ롣𣿡
ǸŮصĵͷ˵֪ǸҺˡǼҵҵԸ³ç̧ܼͰƢǰ˲£ȥ
лʣǴж٣
ˡ
лȻĵͷ
˲ҳԣлɰµˣŮ˵¡ҾҲˣǳǵġ
ŮЩ˵Ҳ֪
лҲýͣ˴á
ЦЦ˵԰ɣ˷ٴ
Ů˲ҶԣлЦ˵ⶼǵģԲʹߡ
Ů˹治óˣᡣ
л̧ͷ۷ʲôҲû˵
ʱǻڳͼŮ죬лšŮˣʣǣ
лɣµļˡ񡣡
ϵĳʳ
еʧЦóԺúдˣ
˵ļŮ˱ܵĵͷ
лɰһۣлɳ˳˵˰ɣ˼ңźңˡ
֪̾ˡ
лЦ˵ЩѣǸôˣ˵طأ
ѵЩТһˣ˴򷢻ȥɡҾֱ֪ܲϥ
лҲ⡣

Ů˵ȲˣߣлûسлɿڿϿ飬ǰдš
̾˵ǵȲȥˡ
лŤͷ۴⣬Щµӣٰϵϡ
ɵĲ
Ťͷ
лȰ˵ſˣĶأ˰ǿһˡɱһֻżңѾǳˡǲֵʲôǮǿܾļҵˡҪΪˡ
ҲǸˣлɣȥ׼ˡ
һŮƴǵ
лɳſۣǸŮ˿ָͷˣл˵ȥɣǾùȥӶҪɡǮ˵ĹǮ
ŮֿЦĵͷʳǧлˡ

л˼죬ûգӳ룬лϵ໹ûɢ·Щӣڵ￴룬ճɡĳɹ

³ϲõ˵ճɣ
лɿԶӶૣҪˣҼҶкճɣͺˡ




91.  ʮһ   ͱ

Զķһ, ɫ³ץһճ͵˵ͺãճɾԸߡ
лɿ, ʵܴŹƳճɡǲȷ̫ˡ
Ը, ճǲ, һ겻, 겻꣬ճһҪġ
³̫, ҵŮǲͥԺ, 廨֣ձ, һ˫ֹǽڷ, ָ϶ϸİ̺ۡ
һĶϡ
˵׷˵ˡ

ϴδͷѰˮʣлɼ, ӡʮ꣬õͦÿ, ͦƽ͵һ, Ų, ܼһ˸ȥˮܾȻô׺ݡ
лʣׯжٵ, ֪𣿡
Ц˵˵ׯǸڴжٵҶ֪СƬġ䲻³ôġ
лŤͷǱߣл˵ĵ, Ҫ֤ȣܸ𣿡
ɹСɫ˿źˬͷʣׯʲô˼
лʣܹܡ
üʣׯϲյܹ𣿡
лʣô˵ܹܹˣ
æ˵Ҳ˼

лָָҪһׯڵˣֵصˣ³̫æˣ˲Щҵô
˵ԱȥǿҲãճɡ
˵һ룬Ŀ
£ɲ˵˵ġ

лҲƣЦЦ˵³Ҫׯ£СƹҲæˡʣµ£Ҫ˿ҵӡ
֣صūԸ⣡
лɿɫص˵ɣﲻһףֻҪɻзԡ⼸ʰĹׯϺҽӣ½㡣
ʹӦ
лЦЦ˵ҲС
ʣҿɻҪ׼ʲô
л˵ҲҪֻóı£ΪҸɻܻۡ

ˣ³˹ʣʲô
лʵ˵ȣ¶ɲɣůǱߵҪտ
³νЦ˵ô㣬һ͸ˡ
лɿһۣǿɲɣһܹܣæһЩȰҪԽԽã׵ʱһҪ¡ء

³ѵõЦεĿЦ˵ղЩûõġúûȥ˵յߡ
лˬ˵õģ⼸æ꣬ҪϢһʱ䡣Ҫúʵô˵ˣҪճɣҿɲ˵˵ġ
³εЦѾȫı¡

̳ǰ̶ֵڳǽӣǸ̶ӵһ̶ˣҲڽȥˣǱȶγƢºͣһռõˣˡ
һμ˾ڴϣǴ˲￴תͷͿˡһǺ˺ͺ˻ѪĶ࿴ۡǼ˵ҲضգߴһŵˣҲ㡣
˵ܵ
ϣͬźͶѣףĳϣ֮ô˵ġ
ɫ࣬ӳҲ˵ļ̸ǰȤ£޺Ƹͼ䣬ʮĴ޺Ƶĳɾѹ֮ꡣ֤˴޼ҵ˥ʼվǴ޼ĹǣǴ޼Ҿ䡣
ʮͣΪսԺյĶˣǰؿڸʬڹؿʮꡣ
ῴ޼ҵκˡ

һֱɢˣͿͣȰźúһֱߡ
ǶλҲЩη壬ˣ࣬ҲĺݳޣЩª¶Ϊ˫۾
γһĵƦƴӣɼöγĵط
˵²һֱԼǸӵˣǼʶ˴֪˸ӡ

ͣ飺ҩ͹ȥˣ
Ц˵лׯ˵¹˻ƣԼ϶ǲˡ
ֻЦЦû˵Ǹûš
˵Żͷʣϵصôˣ
Žϵ˲ᶼһһ
·ʼǲŵģŤͷȽԺӣ˵׼Եİɣһ춼ûԷˡ

ھϣһֱÿһλơлչˣÿһ˼ˣȷʵûжӡ
Ťͷˣź˵⣬ҪһԲҪҪǲù
Ҳֻһ˵һյȷʵҲˡαϣ̱š
ΪҪһ˵Ĺأ֪ܾûֹأǰѲҵãĽˡ

ŷѾ˱ˣϸϸ˼䣬⽭̲
£̲Ҫע⣬ıҪܣȥɡ
ʣ«έһЩôи
˼Ƭ̣ãһʱžˣϢ佭̣˵һ
Ц˵޽̣Ƭǻᱻ˶ϡ
û£̲£

ȵлµ֡
µĵ֡
̲֣ܲ岻
Ǹ嵥ʣµҪȥʷԬƹˣϸ»

ļ֮󣬲Ǽ磬ڵճ
ϴ̫̫鲻ã᲻á
¬æǰæ󣬴ҲҪš
̫̫⼸궼ûȥݣҲиӦ
ȴ˵һߣĸ׹ٳ̫ƽˣĸҲȥݿ
̫̫Ц˵Գ뿪ݣûȥѾǡ
Ŀ̫̫Ȼˡ

ѵŮɻķѧҵ㲮Ľ̵Тĸ֪𡭡
žƱ㶣ͻȻĿۡ
ĪĻһۣԺ±Ц˵ЩʱҲ쵽ˡ
ļҾֱĵŶ
οɩɩͺӵˣʱֳɾ֮ˡ
ĺǺǵЦڴ

ʵ⣬̫̫ڣ˭ҲΣԺ̫̫Ϊ̫̫ź˵֮ˣ⼸СӶɼˣǼҲ̩ˡ
ͷۣӣһȺѾˡ
¬ȻĲһЦŸͣҲţ֮ʱܳɼҡ
˵½ˡĸײͷ⼸Ҫٳֵܵܵ£ɲ
ô´ȥˡ

½֮뾩ʱ½ҹͬУүӸˡܾˡ
ֻһղӡ۾ˣ˿Ϊ
˸лš
лȥķţɻҳţлɼȻһʮ꣬Ҫºƴɱɬ
׼İݸ½ҵ˻֮һϴȥ⽭
лԭ׼õЩûʵĻЩ˵ˡ
Щź˵ûüѣһ·ءʲô£ûлҪȻҪʵûУҲܻڡҴϵǵһ죬ͣĲСǵʱʹң½ɡһֱǸܲˡ
½֪֮˵⻰ʱмģǺܸ˺ܸġ
ȸūҡ
кܶܶĲģܶܶź£Ѿ˵ˡ
ҹһҪȸūһξƣƷһβ裬ȥ˿һο±澭
лɿ쿪˫ۣϵ˵ӵһ¡
½֮۾ѩЦ߹ȥӵסģŷſ
лĿȥɣһ·˳硣
½ִ֮˵߰ɡ
лȵͷ뿪ˣ߳ȥԶͷԼվ




92.  ʮ   ţ

лߺ, ½֮ңֱߵˣٳپͲͶˡ
½֮, ˵߰ɡ
һ, ֱ½ҵ˶ȥ, ڵ, ȸūһ͡
ȳ, ʹӣź𣿡
ʹӼ򵥵Ѿ, գͻȥ
½֮, û˵ʲô
лŶ, ־ģͷֱȥ

ڼһ춼, ˵ųȥˣҲû£ֱ󻹲˻, еˡ
˵ʲôû, Žȥ, Ϸ½֮ţɢġ
ۡ
üζû, ȴӷʺůտˡ
лɵϲŻȥһ۵Щɢˡ
ϻ³ѾˣҶԷ, ³Ҹ˵£ʣ͵ˣ
лƲ죺

ϻ񣬵ŹлϲԶٶٶһ
ʣʲô룿
˶࣬лû˼˵
ȷлɲŻطϴ̫ã۵ϥϵ໹ûɢݽŵʱ򣬴ץĽţȥϥһͨ죬ϥϵںڣɫɢĴƬŻǺء
ѵѧ˷ţ³
лɻ죺ҵѧԶͣȻ
ͷϴţϴһ룬̾ΪʲôҾǾͷأ
лЦͣ

Ц˵ǵɫûԭ򡣡
ϴŻ˵һʡĵСӡ
лɹűӿڴͷϿʣ㻹ڻأ
̾˫شȥ⽭ҵ̲Լ˵ǲǿѽ
лɼֱ⸱ӶòУЦʣǧ̲ʲôô
ʵ˵ʵûô˷š
лʣǮû𣿡
˵Ǯ඼ۻ׬ģҲ֪ͼʲôΪˡԼܻǮ
лһҲԣ类ҲڼûʲôرİáôǮֱˡ
Ȼļ˵Ͱɣҿ㡣
Цˣһȫ㻨ˡ
лʣϵʲôôͻȻôûõ̲Ŀ̫½֮β֪ܲҪ鷳ʱҸдԡ
üЦ
ȴ˵һСӣ֣־ܰ
лЦСۣԹֻû

ڶһ磬ú磬ϻ񣬼æ˵ȸūûձһ죬Ϣ
⼸ոлɷűĿÿƷֵĵ֣ÿһĵÿһ׶ζֵĺϸ͡
лɽظڵĵʵҪرע⡣
ӱߵİĶǽµ֡
⼸ͷ󣬻û꣬ѾЩɺôͺһЩǵﲻͬȡ

лˣֻڿû˵˼³ʣܿ޷𣿡
˵ܿ޷Ц˵ˣ꿪٣ѾˣƬƬĻΧ˶ҲĽ
ҲЦ˵վͼĹջЪţ˵רܿ޷ġ
лɵͲ˻ֵ˽ʮĶҪкģһ۵Ļɫ
лЦ˵Χ𣬿Ըǻӡ
Ц˵в±еЩֲԡ
лź˵Ҳԡ

лɿЦ˵ߵˮʵܷһЩ㡣
ľþ棬æ˵ɣסӣӶˡ
лЦ˵ڣȹҸԡտҪ
ʲϲõ˵ҿ룬ȾֵۼҪôճɾͲ
лɱص˵ˮ
ů۲˺;²ˣЩʱҲЩˣʱʱлˣЦ˵ôҲûջܳϲ˵ġЩɶǴٹǲܳԵĶ
лЦ˵ƫƫͻЩ˹ı£ֻоյĲˣյı
޵ɶǷǳ˵ı¡
ţ³С»ɫҴңлʣôˣ
³δ£˴ˤˣңһǣȥ
лɴ˵ǸϿȥǵôǮ

û³˾ͻˣţ˶ˤˣû£ŤˣţȲˣ³͵ȫˡ
лţܾˣϧûĳԹһΡ
ЩĿɿڴ־ϾǺ飬Ե̫ˣѹŸʣûţǮ˰ɣ
³ż˽ţЦ˵Щ
лҲģ³һܸߡ

ֱȲˣúóһ٣ʱ̫æˣǶûúóԷ
Ц˵ٶٳ⣬ô˵ûúóԺ÷
лɲţһ㣬ȳţ棬ҽ
ֵЦ˵£ʣ⼸ˣˣȥ±ţ⣬֤ţ

лЦе˵ȥ³жţ⣬ʲôɳԵġ
³һͷţˣŤͷҲţлҲѪȣվһ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ³˵ҷֿˣԼôԡ
лɶϰٽţ̾ǿ¡
һЩ±ʳʣµооһ㶼˷ˡ
ҪǣҪоƱúõش

оôʯʯʯҽú͡õöࡣûСҽҲû
ˣ±ˡ
л˵ߣ
òţ⣬ŶЩϣ
³涮ţţ
ˮ¹ˮ˴⣬ûн͵˼ΰ׾ơ

ˮ󣬳ɫˮ⣬ӽϡζʼĻûѹҪ
׼棬лɻطоʱ³Щˡ
£ʣ֪б𣿡
ţֵѪ˳ӣֵ˵Ԭƹ
Ǯ˺ð¡
ֱ磬ţѾ±˽ɫζŨﶼ±ζţصζղܡ
ʵţǲһ
ڳЦ˵ţ⣬ȥݣԸ
лɱб˵ǶǵȵԺˣھͲ
˵һƬι˿ڣͷȷʵ
лԤ棺ţ棬ߦļڷǳá
緹ʱлһ̣ʣµĶеġ
б۵˵ԣ̫ˡ
л۵߶ֻܳţţãڶ컯ˣ˿ڣЦŵͷȷʵô
лɳű˵̻ǵһڳԵġ

緹ʱţԵĸɾһȺ˳ԵĿĳ̾Ц˵ׯչǳ˿ɱȡ
Ϻ̹࣬ԣȥ̫
ڼ˶࣬ȷʵʳϱ֮ǰҪöࡣ
лν˵Ҫ᲻óʳ˳ԣĶС¡
ЦǺǵģ




93.  ʮ   ϵˮ

ʱ, ֵżСׯϿͲ˻
Բһ꣬ͤͤϵӤɢһ, ŮĶƸеԼ, һİԡʹӨӨôŴŮ, һŮĻ, ʱջ࣬յıū, , ĹûСŮ
Сȥ, ֻаԲл, 仹𣿡
ЩصԲ, Ҫʲôֱ˵Ҳֱ˵
лɿţｻԲ, ˵Բ, лɸԲһ, ﻹû׼ʱɽµæµ, ܾûнȥˡ
͵ֱС
ûԲϲĲӣŸ˵˵ƽͺãƽͺá
԰˵лɺϸĸ飬ܶʱæµ, ʱ򣬿ת˲䣬æµܣȥϸˡ
Բ˹ˣ˵Ҫ׼һ˳ʱ
лɰοż⼸ն
Բѽл͵͵ţҪˡ
лЦ˵ӦõģҵܵܣǽҲҪҰġ
ԲЦˣ⼸ղٹģר˵͡Ǹܺõİ֣ɻҪǻҲ١
˹³˵ģЩʵˣÿնɨԺӣԺɨĸɸɾˮ³ʡ˺ܶࡣ

Բʣô£
лɶ²˵سˣ¸³סҪȥ׼¡
ԲŶЩź˵ϴʱ˵Ҫ
лɿһۣԲ˼˵Ҳ֪òá
лϲĴ󣬰¿ϲŰôãû֡

ԲҲһᣬǰﺢǻСŮлںԺĹϼ˲ɫëСһӣС¿ˣһͲ˻ڸԷĻƿȻԺ߼ӡ
л¿ţŤͷʹ˵ҵɵܵˣⶼһûˡ
Ц˵ս
лѵý˵ǶŮһε㣬ԭܺӿ϶ᣬܵĹԣôôûиҵҹʲôѧʲôʲôʲôԵҶ᲻۸
̾ס˾Ǽҡ
лɽ˵˵ҪǺȥ϶زҪþòܼлѣҿ϶ġ
ĿЦá

³˳ںԺŪԺǰҰ⨺˼ն磬ڵⳡꡣ
һֱϣû¡
Сˣ˯ˡ
лɺµŵƱ³ģʣ㿴죬𣿡
³Ц˵ȥʱˮ࣬յĵˮ֣ꡣ
л̾ȥһծֻ׬Ǯַϵˮ֣±֣µˣɾѹˡû뵽ô٣ٲ꣬ҲҪ⡣죬ôô׽ŪԷũˡ

³ĿοЦЦʲôû˵
ڷ俴ţ͸Զµһһ٣üͷ塣
ϵش꣬༸ա

ڶҪл˵Ҫȥ㣬лЦ˵Ųƴܿܳԡ
ߵĵҲˣл㣬Ҿ뿴Ҳԡ
лɴû޷ֻøѰ˸ñȥ
һ·ʲôϡ棬лЦʣôͲأ
ѿڶ˵һü⡣
лɣ
Ѿ쵽ϥˣˮ٣ûгǣȻûмСڣڱĴСл￴һȦػ³﹡ѲصתȦѾͣճȷʵӶϲ̵ġ
ѾЬ㣬ʱˮлɺϰһ߸ţʣ׵İɣ
лɲĿС档
лɶ㶮ʲôг𣿡
˵Ȼ֪¾Ҫˣӻؼҡ
лЦ˵أ
ȵ˵֪Ҹ㣬Żܴ档ΪѹҶǵðүˣ˵ҰүǸӢۡ
꣬ȷʵԴ޳ûӡлƿʣ㰢үǸʲôˣ
Ƶ˵˵Ҳ׼ʣҲ˵ֻ˵үǸӢۣҡ
лõʣ𣿡
ί˵ˣʲôöȫҡ
лЦ˵ǾͺˣҪ硣ǲǺ
˵ѾЬ࣬ǣС˷ָܵŲԶͲ˻Ư

ȻȥһﺢӶڳӣɻɴðæлЦʣô
̯Σ˵Ҹǲ
أ
ָָԺ
лɴԺӣԺⷿĺнأһ߶ţ廪ڸ˵
лɿʣ׼ʲô
ͷ֣лɹȥ˵Ǹ򣬾סĺ棬ĶС¥סˣǰһдˡ
лɺЦʣ׼д˭أ
ѾأͿʼƽػˡ
лɿۺԺľɫҲֻ˵㿴ŪɡǮǴү
ЦʣǼлʲôʱ
лɿŵϵıǣڴ𣺡û˵׿϶Ҫİɡôˣ
ҸˣҪȻ̲סֳ
лһʱûӦ˼е㲻ţգſں˵˵ʲô˵һ飿
廪˵׵£ŵþȵĿ
Ц˵֪ˡ
лɳ˿ָָֻ˵һˣȥɡ
˵ŤͷǰԺȥˡ

ԲĵĳǶԳ츳һ̾ͻᣬߦƤһ˰ÿһԪԼе㲻˼˵ˬлɿޣԲӿʤˡ
𣿡
лɼСİŤŤǲӰ죬Ц˵ˣҶˣҶǸ򵥣Ƕᡣ
СͼʣĻ湻ֵԺȥ߼ˣϲ̫ǻУѧ˲٣˰ӣԼ׼ġ
Բʣ㻹ÿնҪȥ𣿡
лɱ߰˵԰
ԲĽ˵Ҳһ
лЦʲôõģŵ˼յ꣬ҲһΣԽˡ
Ц˵Ĺϵ¢ĸߣꡣ
ţ˭Ҳ벻˿̳α࣬½֮˻û⽭˻ˮͱݡ
ݳĺˮҳһƬͱڳĿջ˲á
ջҳһƬÿն˽ÿն˳ȥ
ֻ
ӽ½ϳȥ̽˻Ϣ˵Ʋ˵дׯˣ˶ȥˣ˵ϵ϶Щˡ
½֮ţúд˼š
֮ͳȥ
֮¥ƹġƹĿŽˣʣɾҪȥ
½֮һ񣺡Ҫȥ֪д𣿡
ƹ̾»أˮֱأڿɲµĺʱ
֪ϵ¿̫ƽ
ƹʣ֪ɾҪȥεأ
⽭
ƹֱ̾ɾЪ˼ɣ⽭ڣ㣬ˡ
½֮ĵʣˮ·ǲУҾ½·
ƹ̧ͷһ̴ˣͷ˵ɾȵȣ߲ߡ
ƹĻ˵⼸λȥ⽭ģɾһȥ⼸λ顣
½֮žϲ棿

¥࣬װпŲѰ̵ˣ½֮ƹģ֪⼸λǣ
ƹЦ˵ɾˣһЩɷǶǺˬˡɾĪ£ˡ
½֮䱸δʾ½ǰ棬½Ǽ˵˼䣬һŤͷһۣĵͷ




94.  ʮ   ȥϵ

½֮ЦЦ, ½ں˽棬˻ˮ·
ƹȰ˵Сˣǽˮ, ˮ·߰ɡ
˲˵ʲô, ʶˮԵ, ȥ̽̽·, һڡ
½ĿɫĿһۣ½֮Ҳ˵Ǿ̰ɡĪҪüλõȡ
˵½¥ʰ
½˷˵⼸г, ˵Ǵӳ
½֮, ̵ˣȻǵ߶, ֡

½곤, ض̴ӣˮȻǾš
, ܻš
Ͷ¥¥µѾڵˣ½֮Աţ½֮, Գ, ȥ⽭, ͷλһ̡
˿һۣ, ˡЩСڡ

½֮Ϻɫͬңɡں档˳Щͣļ󣬵ŢУͻͷ, ŬŬ°ͣϳȥ
½֮ҲƴǣĽų̫׷ǡлϳˡ
ͷˮλǶդڡ
һʶͣ𣿡
ۻɵ죬˿˾Ƶ˵߰ɣܹڽǣܵɾ¡
˵⻰ĿǴĳ½֮

ϴ˶ڼװ϶ţͣǽȥҪ֪ͨǡ
½֮ٴεл
ͲСڵȻ˵һ̣Ͳÿⶼѡ
½֮ǰľ鲻࣬һ·ɫɫˣǾ˼

л֪ϵˮΪлѣԺˣлѱݻлɹִľлˣлҲ˵ʲôʲôתƣȥص·лѺ˵Ǳظɺϵˮֺء
лŤͷʣ˭˵ģ
Ժ˴ϵػġ
лɽŵʣжأʲôʱµꣿ
лʣôˣҲ̫˵дׯˡ
лͷƤ飬վþòܻ
лʣ㣬ôˣ
лɰû˵ƵĿлѣл﷢ë
лɲ´Ӧ֪ˣĻţû˵żСĻسȥˡ

ĻŹĻţǹҪģµлڸڵ㡣;ʻһɻ˵׼ˣɺӰ졣һ絾һգ˵׼ʱǺüǮ
л̾ͷۣϵˮˡ
һ㶣У̾ʲôû˵
ȥѾˣлɼʣϵˮ𣿡
Ҫ˵
½֮ʧˡ
лһʱֻòţüʣѵǳ𣿡
һַļ磺յǰģ⼸ʲôΣҲ̫
лɲʣô֪ʧˣʧپˣ
δ·վûŵϢ
лɲţʮСǸһԶУ˾ôûˣ
ᶼֹסˣۿﶼͷԶʣôܣŶã
ο𼱣һǳˡҲ֪ͨѶô
лʣҰɣ

ǵ˵ϵصûˡ
лɲʣƽԭҲ֣ϵЩܲܶˮ˰ɣ
˫ֿ磬ӣлɣš˵Լһʱ¡
лסƽ˼˵ˣϵңһ·Ͽ϶ڳţڳҲˮͣ˵׼Ǳˡ

һ϶ڰοڶԬƹ׷ˣڷһ϶ûлҪȥûʱȻ˵⼸ճҪȥϵһˡ
ʲôˣ
ؾ᣺Ǳ⽭ҹȥ
лʣǱˮסȥҲûãʲôˣ
֤ϵصⶼǴڵסҶ˿ε²С£ҹȥһˡ
л׼٣ʣȥ𣿡
ȥ廪ҲȥԬƹȥ
лŷˣаɣСġңҪ¡׬Ǯ£׬̫ƽǮƾͱȡˡ
ȻЦЦ˵֪ҲȥҦѵң˵ȥϵءϵӡ
лɺ٣ϸ޾ϸĽ˺ܶࡣ
ߴʼдµֱֲ档

ֱȵ껹ûʱľôǱˮнϳòׯڶв̶ͬȵܺ
³⼸նĬοûծǲУüǮ
ʵ˵ҲһԱȥĺã뿪ʼƣطҪҲ׳
лʣΧׯ㶼ˣ
ôЩأЩʲôﶼճҲܴŹǱ״ǵճɲ⡣Ŀ϶˵
лҡҡͷ̫̾ˡߵɵ߳ɣϸ񡣡
ʲ֪ʲôϸֻ˵ߵ嵽߳ɣֻúš
µֵ˲֪˳ʲôӡ

³ѾƵģҲʲôȰŲ꣬ʱ仹
лһӦһĥҪдļ¼Ĺŵģûʱǡһ֪ߵˡ

ȥϵأΪͳˣȥ⽭Ĵˣϵ˻ûȫҵԼ쵼ԭִҪȥ

Ӷϴʼϵ˼٣ԭԼĴӣǴͣڻӵһˮλҲ˲١
ϴָͼӵȥϢԬƹڼװתȦһֱҹġ
Ԭƹǰˣһˣıˣ˵ıҲһ
ǰǸʲôģշԬƹΪ˽ˣԬƹ˱ǿͯӹԬƹǸӣҲǸ֤ʷˣ̬ɨɮ࣬Ҳôе˼⼸һֱڳʷĿջտ⡣

̽ʣãˮֺ󣬻𣿡
Ԭƹ񲻿˵ǵӰɣ
ЦЦֻ˵ѹܹƽͷա
Ԭƹ񲻿˿ھƣƵ˵ûʲôζ㾢ϲȨˡ
һۣҲ㵹ˡ
ԬƹĴЦ̾ĳ̫ƵˣʺȨһɢɳҪһ˵ϵ£ô
⡣
˵ԽϣˮԽ⽭ıˣԸЩ
Ԭƹ񣺡ʮǰҲʮ꣬ǲ˼ʮˣϵضûлָ£ܲ𣿡
⻰Ǵ治ˣͷ۴⣬ſ˵ʮǰһʲô£Ҳǰϵ˻жѣ֪ġ
ԬƹЦ˵˵һʷٵɾźúõĸٻˣƫƫҵΪ顣

ٱʾһ£ͷһ˵ϲһĳɡ
ԬƹЦ
ԬƹЦɾһ䣬רغ⡣ΰϵص£תȥɣĪϵˣｻҡϵֺ󣬱󣬱Ҳ̫ƽӼһм֪ڸʲôڼ죬ڵԡǣЩãǰڱһ֣Ҳ¸㣬ĩ۵ȵλҪߵĶ࣬첻ĻᣬȻʱҲ
˵Ŀ˵·סˡ




95.  ʮ   ϵˮ

ʣԬָ¶, ˶˯ˡɳԡ
Ԭƹȴٲ˵ˣֻ˵֮һԡ
ϵԾ, ùߺ, ڰ밵ĵƻ, Щ̹Ȼеε˵޼, ȷʵЩ֮
޼Ҽҽϣҷ, һ˺쳣ﲻġ
̫̫², ڶٻ˼¬ϣΪ¬ϡܲ, ΪȢ

ԬƹĻ, ЦԲѵ޳̰, ʮǰҾͼǸҲС
Цֲִʲôﲻġ
Ԭƹʣ棿
۾˵ͺʹ޼˵, һǸ, һŲʡҲϵﾰ, һûء
Ԭƹþû˵

β˵ôЩΨһһ͸ˡ
Ц˵𣿡
Ԭƹ˵λлׯ
θ, Цʣأ
Ԭƹ񣺡лׯдţغˡ֮²һ֮¡ǰǧҵյ;
˵ҴܲµʲôˣԸ㡣
ԬƹЦͷ˵һС, ̰ˡ
˵Ȼ˵ﾰ£Ҳû
׷ʣˣ˵ġ

ȵڶ˻ӣˮǣϵѾûˣ˵˻͵ͷѼ´´ϵǵĴӣʹżǰ⽭ƹ飬ǣԬƹۿĴʴ·ϵ˹صǶ
ŽˮϣͣˣԽϣ˵Խء˵γֵ˵Ĺ͡ЩֶΣ˿ֶڶγ֮ϡ׬ǮĻƾͺãҲյѱķ
Ԭƹȴ˵Ҿһ㣬ƫҪ˽һ𡣡
ЦʣǶ಻ϲγֵܣ
Ԭƹ񣺡Ҳ̸ϣǻͶ
μǱߵĽ˵ûôţǶγʼϵ־ûк˵ȥݾУиҶ硣ԬĩǿҲû񡣶μֵܷ֪Ҫס߾ͻ˽οЩڽأ

Ԭƹþû˵

ʴʲôʱܵݣ
ش𣺡ЩʱǲߣЩӵˮģҪ·
СΪϣø·
Ƚ˴գ˵ǰʹ·Ǽ˿ֱ⽭
½֮ʮ꣬ؿñϣЩ
·ƹš
ݣѾͣˣˮ·ģѰǺԶĶɿ´
ǵ·ۼȫˮˣׯǻб棬ûׯڣЩҲòȥ
һ·һԲȽ˳ǣﲢûкö٣ģ˿ջȺ˴ˣƹĵ֪ʣʵǲͶԱСɾʮ꣬Ҫȥ⽭ʱҴȥ⽭ĴͶɾ˽ߵġ
üÿֻûȥ⽭ЩΣգͼ˾ȥֵġ
ﵣǣѲɣ½֮ĳˣ

ԬƹǶ˵ƹĴЩ󣬲֪ĳ˵ﲻ
ƹ̾дׯͣճˡ
Ԭƹʣٸ𣿡
һʱҳˮͬ˶û취ȡ
ﾯ죬ˮߡ
ؽУũﲻ̶ͬȱͣأϵ䣬ˮϣǶˣǰҲѶá
ĵ֮󣬽뽭ĺӵˮλǣһ˱ڰ·ϡ
ڴлдš
д꣬˳ֽ˵ˮ½ĸߣһҪˮ·
մϢ˵Ҽǵˣֽˮû£ˣΪˡ
ЦЦ˵Ҳ֪ˣס

ǵ˽ĵ;¥ϣȷʵˮأܶ࣬ٸѾ֣ﱻˮģƹǽˣһڷԣ˸¥¥ţ˴ȵĳ溰ˣ
ȥͼ͵һ첲ʣɾôˣ
ЦЦԴϵʣô£п𣿹۾ͲҪߡ
γһνЦЦ˵û£ˤһӣ
Ҳַϻ˾͸ʵʵţûУ
һֻĬĬڨЦǡ
ط춯ʣ˭ˣ
ͻͷۣЩ˵ıЦͣС˽ͷˣҴһѣС껹Сˡ
üͷֱȥ
ȣ˷䣬½֮ڻҩҲǹˣһҲ
ã̤ʵˣ½̧֮ͷЩãȻĴ㡣
ȻԳЦĿԣһжڲС

ʶͣ⽭ˮֿأ
ʹ𣺡ǱȽصģشΣ㣬Щ鷳
ͷ½֮˵ȺúŰɣ˵⽭ڽȥˡֲͷϡ
½֮ȴ˵ˣѾ˼ˣˡ
Ҳǿ󣬸صѾͣˣҪߣ㡣ԱΪϣʣµľΪֵǮҲֵǮ
½֮ӻǲǧ·ϵĶˣǴˡ
˿糾űö࣬ȴһݡ
òϣʹöࡣ

ܶ˵ϾʮСУȲ˵úˣ²ż
˵ͳȥˣŶ;˵ɾ£𷣡
ŤͷֻŶĴ󹷣ʧЦⶼʲôʱˣˮܴˣ͵ظ˰ɣЩĪ֪
ʹ󾪣ɣǿǡ

Ͽ飬˵˵ɾͿɡϢģȥ
Ͳĵ죺ʲô
Զˣ½֮ʣǵǸʲôģ
½סҶ˿ʲô˵֡ɾ˵ؾǿֵġ
½֮û˽ֻ֪ǽŴ޼ҵˣ켣оͳкܶ˶ǳʲôʵ̫
˿ַҲշĲͼЩˡ

شϵˮ㴦⼸ˮģͣԬƹȥˣȻѾˣס¥϶ͷ¥գжţ¥ݿš
ʣû°ɣ
Ԭƹ񣺡ңݵء
Ķһۣ֪⣬̾
Ԭƹ񣺡ⳤӵˣⶼʮ꣬Ȼû
䲻ȵ˵͢ûǮֲǲ֪⼸ŸͣǮ
Ԭƹ񣺡û˵㣬㼱ʲô
ƿ¥£Ԭ˭ǸλãʵûôҪһܻ֮죬ЩˡҾ̫ƽȮˡ
Ԭƹ㵱ûһͼģ
ûС
Ԭƹܾò˵ҿֲðպұԹˡһЦ
˵ֻҪú̫ƽ̫ƽ׬ǮҲǲԡ
ԬƹĿˡ
˼ֻΪֹ鷳Ǵ鷳




96.  ʮ   ˮ֮

ҪѲ鼸, ˽Ļϵؿˮֺľơ
޳̵ıֱܳ룬ĴҲҪʧ١Ψһܱ֤ĺڡ
лյʱѾʮպ, , ڿͷд½֮ҵ, Щˡ
лŷġ
ž, ϵˮ֣ر, ء

лɿ, ѵõƽлѣԺûϵصѧ𣿡
л곤˺ܶ, , ˺ö࣬лɸǴŹǺǴＹ
СϲڵĲ, лѳŲˣ˺˵У˵˿ʼΪֵ³ͷ, ǲҲ֪
лЦ
˵, л˵µ¶ˡ
лжʱûˡ
˭ң, ε˾䣬ºͰԲͬꡣһ, ˿ɲô˵ģ»سǸ׼µʱִ⽫´ȥˡ

Ϊ檡
ʲôлɲŵʡ
лˣæȰ㣬Ĺ˶࣬ڸ˼, ˼ҪһЩ
лĿƳĿ㲻顣񡭡͡Ȼһʱʲôˡ
лѼﲻɾ䣬æ˵㣬Ҷˡ
εЦЦЦţ˵ʲôоеģǿϧ
ֻöȻлЦЦû£֪ˣȥ

лѳɵ˵ҪȻջԺȥһ
лˬʵЦͷ˰ɣЦ˵أҸȥǣֻܶ顣æ£ҪǮҷԼá
лѲ˼˵㲻һǮ𣿡
лɣǮʲô飬ʲôˣʲôѣЩȵȵ£Լ£ҪԼýˣңҲ㡣
л˰⻰Ƭ̣ʣͲѧѧҵ޳ɣ˸һ޳ɵˡ
лʣ𣿡
ӣ˵ҪעǵʱлʱرϲͰķʽлѾɬ
лᡣ
лЦ³лѻˣЦ˵ҽޣشֻӣϸСɾˡ
лЦ˵³ͰһҰѰɣҲһаȸū𣿡
³ЦлɽеϢ³˵ˣ̾ʲôû˵
ڳ̵˵꣬ͻҡ
лɻͷʣһʲôʱ򣿡
³𣺡ʮǰǳ֣ݲء
лæ˵ûôأǱڲǽ꾰ɺãʳһš
³Ц˵ܳԵꡣ

һΧڲϳԷڣûбĵˡлѻסգлһ㶼ѧҵûй̶ٺϵͳѧҵʱۺǷǳ˵ġ
лѵѧ̻ģǳõĳ֣ھͲϷǳ츳
ѧԣлɿĽ

Ͳ˻ںܳܳһ£ĹǴһЩˡҲиŵѧʿ㡭

л뽫ׯһεһҵִһֲɣҲˣҲΪȱǮˣֻ뵥ƶˡ
ڵտʱҦزĳ
ϺʶˣǹٱЩ񣬼ææǰ˺ž͸š

лɳڵ鿴ֲ̧ͷͿǰˣʵҺ񣬵ǰʣλǣ
ҦһִüϲtԶԶĺлׯҦĳˡ
лЦģңңĻҦܲΣ
ϴ˽ţ˾ڹϵصţлϴŹ˳ֽϵ˿Ų̫ϣϻûУҲûʲôõĳֵĴ͵Ķˡ
ڸڳƬҶϷ棬˲ϣذף˹ϡʾλɣĵһŹϡ
ǼȤҦصһ㣬˿ڣʣ֮أ
лɲɫ˵ȥϵˡ
Ҧüʣȥϵظʲô
˵ϵ¡
廰֮ϵص⵹ҲǣôˮҪȥ££
лҲ͡
Ҧؿĵʣлׯˮ
лЩˣ˵֮ռЩ֣Ҿԡֵ󡣡
ı£ҦȴЩˡ

˿̼һ̴򣬴Ųñɹ÷죬һѰӣⴺĶôġ۵ʣʲô
ϧ𣺡㡣
ţڵ㣿
лʼ磬Ҳý¡ʼҲʵ飬ûӪֲ㣬Ҳ׬ǮҲý͡
ʱؾ˵ų溦ҲΪ㡣
ҲˡҦضյ﹡ȥˡ
лɿСֵˣϣǶ˿˲ŻĴ󣬲̫ܴ£ֻԼСǮһʣòóԣ
лЦģɵ˵Ǻܺóԣֻ̫Сˡ
ЦţȰյʱԣȸ

Ҧصǿصģʣ֮û˵ʲôʱ
ҾͲ̫ˡ
ҦزɫĴ飬ʣлׯׯжĶࡣ
лɱؾ𣺡ɲȫҵģֵ±ˣҪôˣЩҲӦá
ҦرӵǳʣһƬƻʲôﶼˡ
лԶۣЦ˵ĹһĴʣ϶֪ܿ޷Ǽ֮Ӻ޵ӡûãͰЩӣʲôһ֡

˼ʣ⻨ڹô
ӡ
аʣӾûô
ե͡
аŵʣô֪
࿴顣
ҦĶûס̴ٵЦ
ʽˮźú߿Ƚڵĳִ㣬«ϣлЦ˵ûȥ㣬˵ҽ̵ķ

һ˻ȥ󣬼˶ڣλߵӣлֻдλĿ¯³ժ˿ϣ˵괺꣬ϱȥ𡣡
лҲ֪ϵôˡ

ڽͣ˼գÿһն飬Ų鿴ֺ͸صĵ̣˳鿴˲ᣬǸĺܿ죬û֮ǰĵ壬һĳһ˿
˿糾꣬һ¶̴򣬿ŵЩӵˡĴЦʣܹ³ҵΪˣ
ǵöͼ˱ЦͣԬƹЦˡ
Ǳ٩ЩεЦ˵ɾɷˡ
ž˵⽭̲ﱻ͵ĸˣˮ˺ⶼҡ
ʣ⽭ôˣ
ˮأһķᱻͣĶͲ
Ȼ̲ﱻͣҲʲô¡ٸ𣿡
εô⣿ٶûϵϵĹ٣һͶЩ꣬һ㶼ûǡ
ܵƴȻһˮָķƮҡ




97.  ʮ   ֺ

ǵڽĳת˼, Ǻ͵͵˵Ѿ̲˽ݸϵ򱱵ݡ͡ѹ鷴, ϵˮ, 
Ϣûдس
ʣؿж򣿡
ʤ, ²šʵϲ˴򽻵
ܱһȦ, ʣ˵ɾȼ񡣡
Ц˵ֽˮ, ͵ؽˡҲϧ
Ǿδؾǿϧ, ûˮǰ, ҲῪַġ

ˮ֮󱾾ʱ, ͢ƫƫҶ䣬ûǮ, ദˣ޺ֵܼ⶯
ҵ, ޳̵ı, ҲǶɵ
ĥûǾдŸ޳̡

ڿĺʱ, 顣
޳ںʹ¡
޼˼ûôԣ, ˶ֱ޳̵鷿ֵЩûˣ޳һװϲɫվſڿ, Ц˵񣬶겻ˣ
úʹͬ꣬ͬѧӡ
æ˵ҲңТķɲ꣬ȴѾˡ
޳̱ƽʱҪĵĶ࣬Ц˵ˣȰɡ
Ц˵ҿͣЩʱա
޳ЦҪݴܾáϵˮ˻ˮȫˮ֣ϵķռޡ
ʣʲôʱ£
¡
󾪣ʣϢɿ𣿡
޳̿ã֮Ϣ˾ڽϵ
᲻ŵЦСӣʱö˶˵ڼҴţŶãȥ˽ϡ
˵һ룬ŲⲻͬѰζ
̧ͷŴ޳̣㶵ġ
޳̺Цһ˼Ҷҳ֡
пϵ˵֪֮ʦӺˣЩţЩһ
ΪҪ״æ˵ԸЩĻ壬ǵ֮
޳̵п˵ͣǱгϢƢԣҪúĥ
˵ǸҲ˽ᡣ
Ϊ⣬˵ĸ׵㣬֮׷ǵΪβ׷ʮһͷȥûȻɩտڲᡣ󣬼֮Ӿͱˡ˵ѽˡʱңҹգվĸߵİˡ

޳ü֪֪ôأ¬⼸żţǶԼ֮ɥ£ֻδᡣ
ʣ꣬ʮ塭
֪Ǽ£һ䣬Ҳʹסˡ
޳ȴȥˡ

ĺϵķͱݡ
ʣ֮ں֪֪
ÿ۴޳̣ûд𻰣޳˵ɽ½һµ˽
һʱȻ֪˵ʲô

޳̾˵ˣ굽ˣóɼˣһֱ죬Ҳҵġĸ׶Ҳǹܲס
Ц˵ǽһС׵ڶ̻οĸס
˵ҪȥտһСϸտ޳̵Ц˵
ѵü޳˵ŭɫϵˮ֣˼󣬻Ǳص˵ǹɣˡŲ

޳ںƽԭѾõҲǴӣƺӹȣƽԭĺõطỹ֪
ֵ˵ţͽ˵ɻˡ
Թ޹һֱݳ⣬ˣ˺ˬĴкѳ꣬ǷǷЦ˵ԽԽˡ
һ㶣ɵÿ۴޳̣ʵ󲮡޳̶Գһֱܱܻ䡣
Ŀ˵ܴСճ壬μֻ˰ɡ
һ˵ı飬ǰѴ޳ЦˣԳƫ㸸ףԾԶˡ
ﷴᣬǺˬѡ
˭Ҳ⻰棬Ȩڣͣ˰¡
ϵۿžԽԽңأٸѾˣ޲̫ˡȥ⽭أ½֮ŹȣѾ֣¹Σýӵʲôûˣö㱻ˮˣããʮˣ֣ʱסĶ⽭صˮûȫˣ½֮ݵѹǣһӲţé®СᣬһǻѪ˰أҲٰϣϿ˵ôּЦˡ
ֵѪֵī̾˵ĸǮְɣһûá
½֮ƽ˵ڶڱû˸ҰѼҵó±
Ҳӣٷⷽӡ취ǱյģȻǿֱµģտƾ֤ܻдɣдһãʸ£ܻɣܾ˵ǮǻǮҪǮôģ͵Ҫ
½֮۾һͷ½˵ȥֵ̾ˡ

ȥ˳⣬ˮģ«έˣȫϺˮԱ·񣺡«έ֮ǰ洬أ
һڷԺ˵ʲôѽˣǱˮˡ
վڽ߿źˮþöû˵

ԬƹˣѧʹԴȣṆ̀ˣһߵҲˣԬƹʣܾȼð£Ҫ֣͢ΣҲȱ
ȻȾˣˣĶС¡
лɣֵ¾ͳˣƫƫϵ֣꣬ĲǺͷ

ԭ̫ƽģԭֻг֪͢ϵ֣ʱһãҲͶ֪ˣлѻ˵飬˵½үӽ£½ˣѵһͨ
лɺʣô֪
лѲ˼˵ͬϾ˵ģڳΪ١
лЦͬѧϵôˣ
лѱ粵ͦõģԭͦõġ
лЦЦ˵ģʵдŸ֪ˣ½֮ϵ˺ЩˣŹաΪ٣ľ֧˵Ҫ֣͢һСС֪غϷ⻹ûнӴ˴˲ܽġбµĿͣΪ

лԼҲ뵽ѴϧҲΪ
ڶգлѻԺ˳·լӣ¿żɫЩη塣
лɲԣò½ɨԺӣʣأ
¸Ͻ˵Ұȥֳˡ
лֵʣֳǳ𣿡
֧֧˵
л̷ʣô£лأ
ºĵͷ½ʹ˸ɫлɲ˵˵㶨סˡȥæɣҺ½л˵
֧֧˵ֲ֪ô˵ֻûطȥˡ

½˵˹ٻ˼ң˸ڷԻеκɾκŵһҼлڸڷ˸СԺӡ
лüʣô֪ģ
½ȽŲ糣㣬ʱŵġ
ڵĸչѰ˵ġ
лɿǽͷЦ˵ͱǰ̣ҵҲһ̣ܺҴ󷽷˵ˣαš˵ûūﲻġ
½Ȱ˵꾰ˣͷ󷽣ǲ£ǸСլҲ֪ôġ
лҲ̰ǮǮޣȫ̰ġ󲿷Ǽ˸µĲ




98.  ʮ   

лɳĬƬ, ʣκɾˣ
½ʮġ˵ĸֻӲûá
лĺ۾ĥˣŻͦô, ⶼǼ, ӵ, Ҳ̫, ʮС޸ܵˣ檡

ʣ˭޵ģһ˲ʶеļҾ졣˵κɫҲɫͷϡ
½˵Ķϱ, κҵ
лЦֲ, ϱǣһ˲һšⶼӪ˶ٽ𣿶ðŮˣ
½Ҳ, ˵Ƿǵ, ûɹ
Ǵģֻȸūһ׽, лϷסڳŷӡлϷ򸾵Щ˽ˡ
л̾˵ˣʵסĻ߰ɡ, , ̫, ²Ŷ󡭡
˵ţ½ʹɫ, ͷͼվ¿һĲֻʡ
ֱһ²ʲȥ

Ҳ֪檣Ů衣ӵʣӣҿԺ㵥˵˵𣿡
лӣϾС, Щ̡˵ȥҷ䡣
ﻹƷʱ̵˵ӵһҸӽţ㻹˵Ҫź󣬲ܽһ

лһϣûӻʱֻѰµСѧ
ķ仹ӣ˴Щҳ⣬ﳾɣָָԱߵĵӣɡ
ڵϣлɣʣӵĵֺ𣿡
лЦ˵ϥôˡ
ҲЦǺܸһԵ˵ãֻҪ£ˡ
лʣأĸö⣬㶩𣿡
µͷƷĬ˰ʣ𣿡
л̾Ϣˣ̫ԶˣҲ࣬ǳ˲٣ѧˡˡ
۾ﶼǹ⡣
Ϊһ䣬ûӻΪ˰˵Ļ˵ǷǣԹ
ʵʱѾ֪лɸ䶨˰Բ

ձмΪѣﰮĽ٣Ҳǻˣʵ֣ɩɩЩǼΪūǸһСΪū
տƣɩɩĸκҵºﾹȻ޲ûеִҲûиˡͺҾܽһ
ãضǰ;
лʣԸǲԸ⣬ȥףң㰮סþסá㡣

Ը⡣˵⻰͵ˡ
лɿᣬʲôԸ⡣ȰοأúõýȢޣαطҪȥһƷСأ
Ĩ˵㲻Ͳһ鱾±Ѱɾūһܼ޸ʲôأ޸˭һأ޸ǮˣҰﰢүùЩ
л໰δŮ˼⣬ֱôʮ꣬мʮĴʱ⣬ƫƫѻ˵ĺˡ

̾ԼǿǣûаˣаġơкܶˣһôкܶĿܣкֵܶÿĵ¡ܻߺԶ·ʶܶǰûĳ档һССԺķ죬һӹꡣ
ʣôͿ϶ҲϲССһԺأ
лһ죬Ȼ޻˵

ԭͥȺȱСĵͱ֡
˵ʲôȴ˵ӲȰˣٹվ͵ˡˡҲڡ֪Ӻ⣬Դʵһֱǣһ㶼û˼ҵӣҹ֣дҶšǸи˵ԵʧˣҲĪȰˡҳźܷҰүǹϰɣʵҲòǣţҡ
лôãû۹һˡ
ЩǼȻҵˣҲŻǾ͸˽Ի䣬ҵҪλκɾɵҼˣ
¿˵ӵĶ±ٱӾͷһ·ɣʲôͼֻͼиĵطĹӡⱲӹõʱ򣬾ڽׯ
лɲϰݣ˵ΪʲôҪһ·Ȼҵˣ˵˲žǲš
½Ժ˿ɵĺȸū
лҪ޿κΣ򲻵á
վſں½˵ҴλκɾҵҪôҵţҵˡʲôýΪ˿֪ȻڿΪūΪ˽÷ı߾ͣ
ĴʧɫæڵϿӣҴˣҴˣˡˡ
лʧҪĿŹڵϵˡ
ƫ̻֪뱲ҪԵʲô֪Ϊʲôֻһζƫ̻
һ˵ҽ£ȻؽˡһҸҾǸǹ̫ˣǾӿпޣ̰ЩСǮҲ⡣˵ӣһһ٣֪͵͵ˣһɰūá𣡡
¿ͷŴ𣺡Ҽˡ
лʧĲٿȥˡ

½ſڵɫ࣬Ȱ˵˸־αضأ
֪Լû취ϵŻô
Ǯ½˵ǼȻסǮԺţҪʲôԼԸ˵Ǯǲա
½ЦǺǵģǸûƢүӡ
һ߲·ˣֲܰʲôֻ㿴լӡ
лȰˣһҳǮǣҸչ˺㡣
½ЦĴ˵ȸūҲˣ֪ˣ㰢Ҫ֪϶ˡ
лЦЦûӻֻ˵Ȼȥˣ´ǡ

ϵ˽һ£̱顣
ͷϵ񣬳͢ײҲʤޣˮ˺󣬸ǶԼļ԰ء
ֻᣬ³˹ܿأûˮ˲ţҲûũҵ˲ţŻ˻ǰһɢɳ
һ˿޳λδزǼ¡޼˸˾ְЩġ
밶Ԭƹ˵ڼַ
Ťͷʣ˭˵ģ
ԬƹЦЦվһܲ¸߰˷֣ȻûϢϵĹ̫ƽ¡
˵̫ƽʢͦã

ԬƹǸҳӵԤѡ֣ʱ̵ǰϻˡ
۵˵ЩЩ²ܡ
ԬƹԵʣӵյ󣬾ûţ
磿
ʱȴǮ
Ĵۣ̾˵˶ٴˣֵԴ˵ǲǣ
ԬƹˣЦƵ˵ʮǰ˺ϣǷ˫
ѧϣоùʢضӭ˥ڡɣ˭Ǹλûϵ
Ԭƹɨ˵İһۡ

Ц˵˵ҵеĩ۸Ȥˡ
Ԭƹ˵һΪĹϵǺˡ
ʧЦӱ⹫
Լ·ǸǿˣȫƾԼԸ˻һǼʮأǵһˣԼ׾Ͳˡ
Ԭƹľþûл
˵񾭲ҪΡ




99.  ʮ   

Ԭƹ˵ܵȨ, Ȼһʢ
û
˴գŽ, Ǵ޳̵ġ
޳̺ǿ, ѵ, ֪עˡ
Ǵִ, ˵ɣǻǡﵽж
, ɫ۶, ԥ˺ܾãǽ޳̻š

ף̱, ϵˮֺ, 껴ˮϣաƱػᷭǼ, ȻϵԱɰȻҲ²λֶϵñ, ϵжݹ鷴, ʱϵȻһ, ͬ顣
裬Ψκ̫ƽ
ҵ׶ȹꡣ＾ֳ, ƽԭӽģʱɱǡ˵꣬һҪֽ
˼

ţ˾ġųȥӴ, ͳ˴޳̵ݹ٣Ҫľ
飺˼µ¡Ҳ֪ǲǻµ£á
û˵꣺ɾĵ˵ûǳ˵ܺԼ𣿡
ЦԵÿˡ
п󣬻ҪȨȨлȨ㲻ϱܱסһЩ˵档

˵޳̾յţ޳ѲӪ˻ûţţ
ýŸԱ߸ţ֮վſڿŶ̶̵ţζûл
ɻĿ޳̽Ÿÿۣʧɫ
ǰдţûпͷҲ˵д˭Ƶġ
һĸ޳дš
޳̽˵ĵܹº
󣬴޳̽Ÿ˽鷿ῴţЩȣʣ֪֮
޳ƽ˵ϢͨӱһͨضϵƳˣŻҡ
ʣô£
޳̣ˣֻ߲֣ʱ䲻ճɻûдﵽԤڡ
ŤͷãЩ޼Щ±òһˡ
ȻµߡȻһ֪
޳̷Ըһͽȥһ˺ȥѲĶǱߵҲҪտá
ּǣ
ȴ޳̷Ը꣬˶ȥˣɡ
޳ޱ˵һֱ֪֪ȱðԭ㶪Ҵ޳̵Ķӡ
˿ԸĸףֵԼĶӡ

üҲû뵽⼸꣬󡣡
޳̺ɵ˵ǲ֪ǻкܶࡣ˼ֳĶ֡
Цغ񣬻ֵĵ޼жҪ
޳ȴЩź˵ЩѪԺ
˵ɶܺãĹ飬һһۣǳɡ
޳Щźֵûֵ߳ĸԸ죬СľȻҪĶࡣ
޶һЩΪ¬һ壬ǳʿ¬Ͻ̵ĶŮȻҪǿöࡣ

ȴ˵Ӻƽ̬ͣ
޳ȴ˵ô˵ҵĶӣѪԣôءҪȻҲƫ̻֪ıԡ˼һһġ
񶼲ܽǰСһ
һζ˼ҲǺ¡
޳ʵظˣҲǶͶĵܲͬŷɱֹɱĽš
ȶĵܶɱ֮
ڸںЩ꣬ȫȻֳ֪㣬ֳȻ˿֪ںϵʲôݣ˹ԭϵ·ͨӣԹ׬µļʲ֪μŶʮꡣ𣿡
ƿԡ
ȷʵͬѰˡ

ֵܶ˴Ӽĵ£ֱ¶ײɢ
Դ޳¹˼Ѿ϶ˡ
ڹϣ˳紬ֻҪбϣδ£˵˵׼
֪޳̵ļƻֻ֪Ҫ£⣬Ͳˡ
˽˳ǣ¬ϵ˾ڳʷĿջ˵˵ɾˣɾ̻ظ
һ糾˻˴޸¬ϼ˵㸸ˡ
ʧЦʲôֵģܲѵҵġ
¬ϹŹֵ˵˺ܶǮ
˵ⲻӦõģ͸㡭
޳̵Ǯǲ

¬ɫˣһۣûֲһ죬ͻȻʼǮǲǿǮˣ
Цǿ˵׼˿ɲⱾȢ㲻׬һŮ𣿡
¬ɫһ죬Сӣ˵Ļ
Цű߶֣Ц˵ŶĸֻܷſĻպˣҰǮˡֲȱǮ
¬ϺĺܿˣΪ޳ﲻʹˡ

ֹ¬ϲ˵Ҳˣٵˣܵܵ¶ڰ£ⶼûˣһ˲ͣЩծġ
Ц˵廪ǻȥȣɲСĪҪѰŮӣˡܹܣʲô
廪ׯסһʱ䣬лϲǾ廪ׯϿϧˣ廪רǲׯ϶£ʵҪôרҵĲ񣬾廪ˡ
¬ϰһۣһװ׵Сӣͷ¶ģԺ󲻼ˣ
Ц˵ͱˡֻæ¡
¬˵˵㸸׵ʲô˼
Ц˵žöԲסλӣء
¬ϼϺú˵ѧȥˣĸҲЦģ
ŲҪǲţҪȻȥĸ⵽ʲô˼
¬ϣϽɣ
۲Ϊ
ĴЦźִջ˵ǾãЩ겻ףǮֻ£žͻأžͲء̫£Ｘûúúõġ
¬Цˣͬǰİ޽ӣĿˣ֪ˡ
һƣ˵ȥϢյıǮ׬𣿲֪㣡
ԺӣĽˮ׼ãһһĽЩӼ﷢¡
ĽͻС˵ڳʷ
Ľʵ˵ãҲûʲôæġ
ʣѧѧ»д𣿡
Ľ͵˵ɾˣûУȫѧᡣ

ͣ㣬лĿķңˮΪʩЩ񣬿Ҷֿʼˡ
ûûҹæʶ۵ľƣߣ﹡Ϻ̾ҼһŮӡ
лɿԶ䣬ʣʲôһģһİǮԺȣһͣ롣
ҡͷôģµˣȻ֪ӾԲǷˡ
лɱЦˣˣ󹷲ﶼæ
붪²ˣǵ˯һ᲻á
ֱ

кʣ߰ɣؼҳԷ£˵µ£ֺׯڣˣЪЪˣô ȥҿⲻסˡ
ʿһַһָɽ̫˵ϦƯ
ǴûˡһĵѵáѾĳ׶ˣׯׯڣûбׯϵģ뱥ȱ˵һ롣
Ҫֱš




100.  һ   л˵ȥ

ȶ˻ȥ, лѾˡ
ü˳۵ڳæƴǲ֡Ǹڿˣɨĵˮ©, ûֵĻ, лÿջһ, лع, 
лޱ˵ϴһѣ·
ˮ, ˷˵, ôֵֹģ
лЦʣôˣ
ϲ, ʵ˵˵ҲǼ, ڳ￴լӵˡô̫񣿡
лϴ, ȥлԺѼ£ԶҰǸϱ, , ۾Щҵǲ, ŵͦģҲǸġ
еʣλǴӰɣκ, ûͷء
лбͷۼ̨ʣ׼ôҿͷ
ϱû뵽л˵ҭˣﵹҲûô£˵˭ҵСӺúõĳǲס, ס¡
Ҿ˵½ҵ»ˣס¡
лɫԣæ˵СЩʱտæ
лɱ붯ŭҲڣԽ
һļæţð£óĹأһû¡
Щ˵ôӲҲ˵ˡ
ټϵʱ򣬻棬򻨲˵ȵɣɹһˡ
лڲϿվǵϱʣ˵˵ɣ˭л˵ףôȢ˼κҵļū
κ㱻˵һȡ

еǣߣūūĵҲҪ
лɷ²豭ʣ˵˵ʲôҪ˵Ҫع𣿼Ȼлңлҵū
æ˵ǡ
κ㲻еĲ죺Сӿ֪ܲⳤĹǣ˿ˡ
˵κҵĹعˣлͻȻѵ
˶һ
κ㱻ŵ̹ڵϡҲڵϡǲ˵лɴû˭Ƣ
лɶŮˣʣǵأҲŮˆ£˽н

κû뵽лɿССģЦеһСӣ˵
л˵־ģڰ֣ȥԺȥɣˣȷٺ˵ҽ̫ˣ˲ǵ¡

һ˳ȥˣﻹǵͷ˭Ҳ
۾ʹɫϴŰȥԺιȥˡ
ˣȰһûƢΪЦȸūᷢƢء
лĵ˵һ̯ӣǰѰ˼檣һլӣһ˰ȥ
ȵ˵⣬ū
лɰڰ֣Ҳһҵȥ²ʮһӳأ檣Ͳ𣿡
˼ҹȥˣ˼·ܻó·
֪л᲻ð£ˣƴˡ
˵˰ɣⷽԲʮСɾҲܶ࣬Ҿʵġģкʵġ
лЦˡȥ

³ʱʻů￴Ʒֵĵһũҵе·ˡлɵĸɫֺܸȤȫʤлɵˡ
³лһԺͷʣЦҡͷлɵ£ȷʵֻ̫лɲǸѰˡ

³ˣ
лл³ͬǼң³ūԸɾׯġ
κҲû뵽ׯ޵ɡȳլѷɫȫл
лרŲõģִ԰֣һƯ
³һɥü۵ģкһ˽ݣлɻԼЩãȻˣҪҪˡ

лżҪлʱĵһźġЩ˵ﲻ򲻹һףҲûءײڣڲٳ֣ЩҪҵĹ
³һֹ˼䣬ҸӻӣŸ׸ӵߴߴģТ¸ӡ

лɾϲ˵㣬ҰүץһֻӣôС˵Ȼš
лЦ˵ҪҪʵһЩСūӡ
һϽȥȥˡ
Ц˵ǰߵûˡ
ʵ֣֪㡣Ს˺⼸ڲİ׾Щ

лָ˵ŮӶкٳֵӶǣôʮӣһЩûʲô
лͷ˵廰˵ǡǰѾʮˣٲޣˡ
лɲֻлͷβû̧ͷ
лʧʱˡһ㶼ָǣֱ
һĵԣ˽壬ź⡣õ⣬Ŀɶˡ

ԭ˵ĻͻȻûˣһ䶼˵ˡ˵˻ﾲĵģлɲӻ͵û˵һʱεĵͷ
лɰڰ֣û˵ԺҸʣɾˣ
ŵʱл˻ڵϡվſڿƣЦʣôˣ
лɾȵĿû뵽ô졣
һͣôˣ
лҡҡͷ˿˵ǵ£˵ɣһҴǲлҴˣֱ˵ǣҲ˵ˣǡŮ캦
лæ˵Сӣū
лƣ˵ˣס£˵ɡ
ȥͷţʣʲôˣ
˵ԭлɺŲ裬ҽһ죬ʲôܳԵģ
ȵȣϿ

֣ʱ䱻ɹСɫܲµࡣ϶į
ִҪޣͷ˰ɡԼδԸ⡣Ͼκǹٻ˼ң£ȫƾ컯Ǽ޵Ĳãͱ
лɴĿˣǴɣ֪
Ҳ˵ҲǣԼִҪޣͷ˰ɣͦ׵һСӣؼʱôôͿأҲֵȸūΪ˼

л̾һ磬Ҿ˵ɣһȥɡ
ѾΪЩˣʣʲôʱģ
ջ
˭˵ɥĻˣЦ˵˶Сɫŷ·𽡿һЩ
л۵˵Ҫȥһ£ǲˡ
ټˣû°ɣ
̾ȸūظ飬лҵ£ˡ
ͷ
ţлɾ˵ôһĲٵʲôģҵֶûףЩ¡
ӻָźſͷϱۡ
ȥæġλκɾҷ·ʶ˾̸ˣ˵̰Ǯ£˹
лЦ˵߾߰ɣǮҴˡ
ϣҾ֪ˡ׵еأ
˰ɣô棬˹ֿϧġ
ҪȻӻ̰ɣũƷׯϲġ
лЦԣׯϵ˶߲
廪ȥ£ʺϴլˣֲ
лʣǿջأ
Ԭƹ⣬Լ⣬ҿɲܰͻ
лۣЦ˵Ůƭ




101.  һһ   лһ

Էʱ, ³ˣ˵治ܱߵİնڿ, ǵԵҪͷ󡣡
лź, ˿, ˵ʱ, ѡҪǵ, ĵӦвճɡ
˵, Ц˵㳤˲٣ȻҲĲι
лһͲ, ҲͲ˵
ʣǼô죿
³л, Щ˵Ҫ󸻹󣬾ȥ, ʲô˼
лƵ˵֪ˡ

ȥͷ⼸л࣬⼸ճԵĸ⾫ϸ, Ź, Ȼ, ⽡
лɲ׼ּһ, һĳԡ
ѷ͵лκ㾪ȵĿŷʣдƽﶼôԣ
ƢҲʵȻѰҲôԡ԰ɡ
һߣκл˵Ƿ˾ծŸ½ôŴ͸Ÿ
лƵ˵Լ׬Ǯծ׬Ǯ
κʣôʲô֪һ֪, Ҳһ֪ҿׯϵˣɶĺܣˡ
л˵лұһֱ˵ˣ³Ķһֱӽаġ
κƣʣ㰢֣ǿˣǼҵ˰Щп޵ˡĶûһϽģ
лƵĳԷ˵
һлʲô˼Ҫǲ׼µ¿ɾͳ׵ˣκɾָ˵ʲô˼ңҲǣвһʹ컰ô£ҲˣѵҲѵˡɾڼңӼֱûûˡ
лѵ⣺죡
ʱı졣

˹̣ɽӲŷƣɣѾˣϸժ˺֪ܶЩ죬䣬дϷʵ¼Ȱлҵլˣ
лɣҲ˻Сլӣա
Ͻ˵ɱٴǮˣеʣÿ¸Ǯôӵġ
лɱ̵ӶЦˡҲ˵˵ǣǼȻлūȻԺҪԼıġ
лɣǵġ
ȥǰ飬Сϸϴţ̾Ҳǻģˣ˸ϴˡ
ڽһڵϣﻹץĽţ̧ͷĪЦ
ֱӱлɾһŵÿ۴Ҫ
ֻܱϿ߿˵е㲻ôˣô죿
лʣôͻȻôĵľ򣿡
Цģú˵
лɣûĵģ㲻֪𣿡
࣬ζЦ

˰죬лɲʣϵصʲôˣ
ֵԺ󣬿ݶ˵Ҫñǲ̫ƽˡ
лﾹȻ֡ڻˡĪ̤ʵС
ɵʣǣô죿㸸᲻ôôõĻɣһӿɶڳú롣
͵͵Цûڻ磬ֵĵϣûô졣
лֲ֪̾жꡣ
˿ɣأʴ֮ǰ°ɣ
Ц˵ֻæģҲܱ֤һܱ֤ġ
лϣǰедд³ţлɴЬȥʣôˣ
³üʣɾûյ£ȥ˵һСⱻڸ
лЦʣΪ˵ǶܣŴɣʱլٸտš뿪ˡ
³³ֱҲĿ࣬ʱ˼ϸ壬ϸûˣЦ˵аɣЩ˯ɡ

лɽżһֳڶеĿţʣĥʲôأ˯ˡ
лһĪӣߣԼķȥ
췿Щ䣬պһ¡
лɱЦˣ˭Ҫպϣ
ŲߣлıӶ࣬Զ棬űӴߣϽģ컹Ҫء
л˵վڱ㱻ӸǺãҪǸҰӴͶȥ
ӶЦֲͣû˯С壬Ȥ󡣡
лɼֱЦһۣأ˯ˡ

Ϩ˵Ŵӷӵ˼ޱ߼ʵ˻ͻȻʣ½֮أû°ɣ
ʣôֻСƵģѧᵽˡ
лɱЦ˵ú˵ʲôСУʮ߰˵ʱ򣬻ûء
Ŷ˵Ҳԣʮ߰ʱ򡭡
˵һͣˡ
лɵ٩ʮ߰ʱֻ֪Ǯ飬Ȼ̸֪ܲǮ̸ͳԷһ㣬򿨣ĲҪҪġ
Цʣ㻹֪ʲô
Ǯλˣ˦¡
˵ͿʼЦ
ҹŤͷؾصţлɼ˵ˣ̽ʣˣʱ˵ûаŵģ⡣
ͻȻչ£յ̫ϢϣЦ˵һСͦ˯Ǹɵİɡ
лŵŲæ˵ˡ
ճյЦһɻȥлɼɻȥˣ˵Ư𣿡
Ư
ѧʲôģ
赸١
Ưѧ赸ġ׷ͦİɣ
ԡ
лɿ͹۵ĵóһۣ㱻˦Ҳġ
ʵѾµˡǱôţúЦ
лɼЦˣæ˵иۣҲѧ赸ģĺƯһԺģҾ࣬ѣǳǮҶ˧˵ѧ˵ĸǺܴģϲϲϲˣͲġеһرңܽġ
⻰էһеӡ
ҲôõġʶԺԽʹ˲һʶ
⻰ǲԵġ
һ˶ԴƴϤղءŽд⡣
һܹýĳˣһ£Ǹ黹ǹҪˣΡ

лΪǲģ˵ĺҲûôѽ֮ǰҲͦÿģȻûѧ赸ôݡ
̹ţʲô¶
Ц˵ھãÿ˭Ҳÿ
лŲˣÿҲҰѽڶеֲ˭ˡ
˯ɡ

ڶһлȥ
л˵лɷ䣬־дҶʣʵʵ˵ȸūҪæ˲С£ˣҲġ˵˰ִҪȥ檣ţһҪȥǰ̣ҲšֻûҪƭǸĵˣǶӲһū³
ŵûŵ˵ҵţ
ִ˵ǸƢˣȻǣͲ׷Щˡȥʰǵе˲ᶼ׼ãһغǽӡʱͰ˲죬ʲô룬ǽվȥǮƣȸū˵ˣ͵̲׷ˡ
κ֪лˣʣǱϾлūϸл
Ҫ£Ʋۣմޣ޼֮ǲκҿǵɾ˵Ļ㲻㻰Ǿòʣ檣ͬ˵
κŵõͷǾССлңȻͬ졣

ҲͬǶ˵ˣϺԺιлһ˻ڣתȥɨԺˣ˿Ҳ档
˵ţԺϣҼɾ𣿡
Ц˵
鲻ͬ⣬һԲۣźܽżЩˣʶһ񣺡ɾˡ
˵֪ˡ

лΨΨŵŵɾûҺ͸øɾͷߡ
Ц˵лŷѣûйڣǵȲˡҪ߾͸Ͻ߰ɣȸūƢԺãҵԿɲУȻǣͲҪղˡ
һԥԥûмлɣߡ
ѵ˼䣬ˡ




102.  һ   ǰϦ

лһ, ţ޶˱, ݳǽ䱸ɭ, Ǽ۵, Ĳ֮ǰڵĲЩ, Ҫ趼غոϡϵº¡
˰Σиָ·, ȥҴ

ȻŻ, 飺ϱߵһ̸
ʣ𣿡
Ŷ˵һ廪, ȥлҵ˲ᡢ̵˴, ˣԺӪԼ, ٺ˵Ӫʲô⡣Ĳ£Ҵ񡣡

ЦҪһƹˣ
Ц˵廪ȥ, һƹ㡣ѧԶԶ廪ˡ
ͷЦ˵治ó, Ǹɾ, źҡ
ЦϢ
ʱлﴩ, ռ롣
վڱϿţлպúʣôˣպ𣿡
лʣˣ
׵ˣʲô
лЩѵĴЦ˵Ҫú룬ģ治Ǻʱ, ̫ƽ꣬ԣʱܿһУŲţ
̲סЦԸţ̫ƽˣһ㿪һС

ܽˣˡлںźźۣѼҲ׼ˣ͵ŰˣǺܾûóԵˡ
ʱĺɫʢʱʱ
ʹĵ˵˵Ǳ߻ۣлɺʹԹʱ򣬻˼أ
ЦЦû˵
ѽܷգҪȻҴɣ˳
лʣסľЩˡ
Ц˵С¥⼸ʰһ
лɼֱĪǿǸոǵģʲôûء
Ц˵׼ͼյĹ򣬲¡
лҲڡ
ûգĶС¥ʰˡ

û磬ؼˣ¬ϻΪæɲ֮˵ʲôǣ˰ʵϣǲǺܻ˵¬Щƣ˼ĹŮƽ޹ʾ͸ˡ˼ҲӦõġ۴һ㡣
¬Ƶİһֻۣ˵ʲôãҪСӣҿ϶
˳˵ⲻǺ𣿡
¬˴󾪺ִϲʣ棿ļҵСӣסҪֻҪƷأǲ˼ҵļ
һͨ˵
ƪۣЩӴűﻵˡ
˲緹¬ϴӴ¿ʼ˵˵ˣĸͽûдìܣСĦܻеġ
ͷſģǾùܼʵ࣬͸λȥ
¬̾ĸ²ܣ֪ùʲô
Ц˵ͽ̽ǣҪ룬ǮˣԲԣǲû¡
¬ЦҾǸ𣿡
ĸͨŮˡ
¬ϼֱת
¬ƮƮ˰Σ˲ع飬ʣʲô˭ҵСӣ꼸Σģôôʶģ˼Ҹĸ𣿼ʲôģ䲻̫ԺգҲ̫ˣô޼ҺôҲǹٻ˼ҡʲôҲܿġ
¬ϺȰĿЩˡ

ۣͷ˵ĸæɣżȹ˶磬Һĸ潻ʱ򣬴ȥٲϣȥߡ
¬ֵ˵ʱۣû˵Ҫȥˣȥ
żص֣ٿɡ
¬⻰Ҳʲôûʣֻ˵㰲Űɣҵʱ˵
Ц˵ȥĸ˵˵ȥߡ
¬Ц˵ĸδԸȥѾЩ겻ˡ

̫̫ԻݣЦʣɣôʱ
˳ֽĲЦ˵ϢϢ
ڸҲ˳ˣ̫̫ʣ˵ȥϵأ
ЦĸڼƵġ
̫̫ʣϵˮֵķзģǰջ˵ϳһţЩʱն񾭣ûЩʱնֵи𣿡
Ц˵ֲʳٺ»ȻЩ

̫̫ʣȥϵʲô
Ȼæҵ⡣
̫̫Ц˵㸸ţտü
Цʣô˵ģ
̫̫ÿЦͲˣʣСӣܰ¾ͳˣ㸸ĸ׶㡣
óЩû˼˵ܳ˵ɣʱȥׯñɿ켸졣
̫̫Цʣ˭ҵСӣȻ˼һȥ
ԺãˮЦ˵ȥɢɢģ˳ȥʲôԺңҪ˵ŵڶûĸŮɸŵһ

̫̫Խ棬ĸףȢҵʱ벻ýˣý˵ãңңǧʱСĲͬ죬Ի
ĸ׶ͬĸһҲԸȥΪȢĸ׶һ˼ĸ˵Բԣ
̫̫Ŀ⣬޳̽³ɣ¬϶ҪǸλõġĲܱ֤¬ѾûˣҪ¬һЩҲϣ̫̫ס

̫̫ſţЦȷ£ΪҶȢ¬ϡ
Ц˵ϸһˡ
̫̫Ц˵˼ѽǡ
ʣµĻû˵Ҳʡ
ˣлɣҲֻ̫̫˵лŮ½Ҷ׺ˡ
̫̫̫ЩС顣
ʣǣ
ֿĸһЩĸ׵ͳлҸ
̫̫ȵĿ
Ц̫̫Ƭ̣Ц˵ϸǺ£Ǻ¡

⼸մյĶС¥װľ£İڼһһȫ
лҲһˣҪ׼ЩԵģʱ򲻹ҪӣҪ׼ЩԵģˣ޼ҵļҾ춼
һЩżʣǲǣ
лһʱûףȷӦæ˵룬徲ġ˳硣
ǾǸ飬ͺ³ˣžͿʼԩɾҲǣȸūôˣҲģ˵߾ˣҲûڡ
³˵ɾ֮ˣȸūǱ˾Ը𣿡

лɲ֪Ѿ˲˵ÿյĲ˵׼ˣлϻѾÿٷˡ
һĲ˵ȫǳˣʳӡ
лɿŲ˵Ц˵ż롣

û磬л˵ǰ³ˣͷ˺еġлɿŵĺУ˵ζվӹӰεû˵طȡǮл˵ǮҸµġת˵Ҳȥˣҡ
л鲻ãȰ˵ס
лɿŴͷ˵Ҹʮ꣬ڳתǸСӡ
ż꣬ͳˡ




103.  һ   ǰ

, Ͽһеģʣˣ
лԺ￾ɣ⿴, ̾½ճ, ġȸūһˡ
򿪿, ü, Ϻ˵ȥ
лڿɣͷ, ʣǼ, նʼ׼˵ˡҲҪúùˡЩʱմҶˡ
ɫ糣˵Ͱƽʱ, ҲǶ徻
лʣ£
ǲ̫ƽ, Էһ㰲ĹĶ, Щ
л̾аɣҲĲ⼸Ϣա
˵޼ҵҲ, һŮˡ
лɿһ, Ц˵Ҽζû, Ǽ¬ϣͦɰһŮ, ȻŮ
ͣĲס
л˵˵ЩˣҪֻ򣬵ʱһٻ
Ŵܿ϶˵

˼룬ɵʣôҡ
лʣأ
Ϊɱ򣬳ɵ˵, Ҳ
лʣԡ
תߣ˵Ҳ롣
лüôô
ˣ˵治ɱ򡣡
лɾ룬Цĵضɽҡ

֪ԼˣлЦöۣʣţһɱһɱˡ
죺Ҳɱ㲻Ҳɱ𣿡
лɣɱ𣿡
Ҳԣץģɱɱġ
̾治ɱ
лЦ͹ԣ˼𣿡
Ҳǡ
лɿ¯ţٿһЩСɣСǳԡ
ʣأ
лɼУٿһЩֽɣҪţ̳㣬һˮţ̵¾ͽˡ
ЦЦӦˡ
лɼ˵ʣµ롣

⼸¬ڼ׼лʱУ·ǳ岻ãһһֱԴڼҡ˵ȥҲˡ
޼Ů׼ȥ⣬һ֣ϵˮֵһ󣬵ǳ٣ʺϳΣܾûˣ϶磬˿ڣٰۡζȥģĿǰ֡

ǰգ˳˳ǡ
̫̫ųľɫЦ˵⾰ɫ治
¬ϿžɫҲɿ졣˳ǣͲò£Ъա
ȵջʱæ˵ȥлׯ˵һ
ȴ󲿶ʱлɱƽȥɫĺر
Ժӣվл³Ц˵ȸū㣬ʲˡ
̫̫³۾һƬӣվһСЦӯӯĿǡ
¬³ǣŴΧȿлɣѾ˸ǰЦӯӯ˵лȸūȺҶʱˣϢϢ
Ůڴ̫̫߿лɡ
лɺʹ̫̫ˬ˸Ц˵׳ԶΣֻڣλҪнȥ޼ҿùãҲܸλշ
̫̫ͷлϣлɫãЦ˵ȸūǰǾҡ
лɹȥлϣϲʣùǻˣôû˵һ
кλªʤ徻ȳԵ㶫
Ӷˣ˵е⡣
лָָУŽȥãСġ
¬ϵֱ֣ᳵ·ӨӨҲȥˡ
Ҳ࣬ãĵСһΧһлЦŽܣׯϼªһ˶Էǲϰߣ緹͵
̫̫һۼ;úԵŤͷЦ˴һۣЦţ·ЩĽǲ˵лԼд
̫̫Ц˵أԣҰȤҲùɢɢģ¿ɳ˿ࡣ
лɼų˼ֽ⣬Ц˵ụ̀Լˣܶԡ
л̹Цͣ
¬Ĵлɣ˿ŤƢˬŵڿе̫ˡ

СűͰ֡
лɺ˵糿ܳôɣ緹ǳԺҶ
ʣϴȥǸ𣿵㳤ܳ𣿡
¬ϲʣʲôʱ
ͷЦ˵ġ
һƺЩˣЦлЦ˵ȳԣҪȳȥһˣλϢ˵곯΢΢ˮһ˸񣬵ĳˡ
ϴҶҪӣ޼ҵŮ죬ֱʼδ
ϱûмܼ̫̫Щţ׼ӵĲϣЩ۽磬һ֪ôི

л﹡Ͽ֣Цʣʲôˣ
ĴѶĴ׳ׯܵĴš
лЦ˵ƶҵʱ򶼻㣬˶磬ˡв˵ڶˣֻס
ϼˣʣ˿ˣ
лɲ˵޼ˡˡ⼸Ҳ֪³϶ȥˡ
ЦǽﶼǺüǮһң³ȻļԽԽá
ʵֱ͵ʷĿջˣԬƹ̡
ׯϵʱ
лɽ˹ϵأţժ˷﹡ϣƵϣԥˮһףͶһģлɿ۾ϲ˵Ȼ㣡
ҲʶҲЩԺ⣬ҾڴǸлɺлһֱԷҲˡ

лЦ˵㵹ǺѵôãҲֻܵĳ㡣
˳˼ƬҶ㣬ͷ˵˭ʱ򣬼ǵðϸҴҪԵġ
﹡˵ԼԼңңۣ˻ĻڿˣƳγεһƬƼ³Цź³ЩؼҳԺ÷
³ңңĴ𣺡֪ˡ

ڡ
ȥŮǶѾطϢˣԺ֣лɻźҶ㣬ϲʣлȥˣҶҶ𣿡
ԺߴߴĶֿˣسȥϢˣ
ͷ
ЦЦ˵嵭㣬ùθڲ̫áȥ
лϵķ䣬лںϢͼлЦ˵ȸūˣ
лʣùúЩ𣿡
лϲЦտµĻ찵صġ̫ˡ֮˵磬ҾͲðġ
лɣ
Ŀ࣬Ҫǿ治㰢ÿֱӾͿˡ

лԹ˵Ҳãȸū˴޼ң֮ǸˣҲ¹Ĳ˳ģɩƣΪ㡭
л˵㻹Ǽʶ٣ûмʶôţҾͲһˣȻ¬ϺǼлһأϵʵе㸴ˡ

лϾסһ¥ŮסںĶС¥ϣۣûȥš
ʱ¬Ͼڷ¬ʣǲλСӣ
Ц˵δؿңĸ׵ĵЩˡ
¬ɲ˵ģֹһһǼϾӣǴ޼ҿһһŵڡԷƱ
Ц˵ĸ׵ĸʣ
¬һҲԣˣ˵Ҹúĸģĸ۹Ƕ׼




104.  һ   ǰϦ

лɻس, Ѿ㴦ˣСʣҶ𣿡
лЦ˵ѽҪǰæ
ӨӨæ˵˵, Ҫʲô
˳, ඹ, ˵ǽඹͺҶϴɾ, ȥ׼⣬׼, ˡ
СϲصȥԺӵˮȥˮˡ
Ц˵ȸūʹɾһϲС
л˵, Ϊ֪ǲӵġ˼ҵСȻϲ

Ҳ, ں̷һ, ϴõС׼ã¹ըáĵһ粤Ѿܳ, ᲻ã۵İ˺ܶࡣ
ΪչлϵĿζһ˷˿˿θ
Сһɽҩ, ûݮ, ͽɣعӰĹһ, ζܺá
СϴúͰ͵ĵţлɽгɶ, ݺõ׶ڲϣζҶóɼƬú󣬺Լá

緹ָ, ˺⣬ǵġ
緹ʱŮڵСԷ
СĺҶζͻ̫̫ʣҶζŨ
˵ĸлĺҶϴඹͺҶĸһҪ
̫̫Ц˶лк˵쳢ζǲϿζǵú˵һ

ﶼûгˣǵǴŹǹͻ¬ϰ֣˿Ųζ嵭üŮ춼Ŀһ¡
̫̫ɽҩࡣСǸϲҶΪԼĲ롣ʵǹŴĵ緹ҿֲˡŪСӡǶüá
Էֻд޼ҵŮ죬лϺЦ˵ȸūڳϣ輫ߡ
λŮúܲ

ȷѾͷʱСǱ˾ڷ˯
л˯źڳӣлϴԼͰæһӣһ߿ţġ
лɵհúܿ죬ڵõɫͬ
꣬Żط䣬Ž˵Ҫسˡ
лɾʣǲǳҪʲôˣôżͳ
Ц˵ǵǣֻǲȥ֣ۣʦ˲ơ
лŶ÷£˵˷òġæȥɡȥԺҵܵܲͻ

¬϶ԴҪس΢ʣ϶ˡ̫̫Թ̫̫һɫȹڶ¥¥̨ϿԶľɫЦ˵Ǹõط벻ССׯСӡ
¬ᵽлɣҲ˵Ǻģ˵³ǼҲûôأ˿ŴǺͿ˾Сֻǡ
̫̫ԶĲ˻أָָ˵֮˵ǽܿ޷ǽһôſƯ
¬ϻͷۣһƽ£С¥Ұá
¬Ц˵ׯǾӪͦãԺӿҰӡ
̫̫Ժĸ֣ʵͦġ

żСԺ￴лɸĻԺˣ³лɵŷ˸μܣԺﶼʯ̵ġϰɾůÿնˮϴ
ﴦ͸ž¡
̫̫˵֮濴лȸūá
л׼ۻƾƺͰݣڷﶼںá
ɫÿһСϡ
̫ɽʱлȡ³ȥɹɵİݱɵİݸȼ˺һ̺üáڵ취ְֽģְ˵ǰ£ʵ̫ˣµǽǵġ

лѽԺӿ˵ԺͬԽȥ԰û뵽ҡ
лԺ￴żС߼ӣЦʣԭ㲻ѽ
лڲˣ˵ûУȻ֣ϵֺ󣬼ӽͬѾѧˡʵʺ֡
лɻͷֳˣпĿҰѳˣ֪ˡϵˮأ֣ȷʵҰ˺ܺóԵӣϳ
лЦգ϶õģȻطˡ

̫̫˵ллѵͷЦ˵ŵţСдǹⲻȥ
лɻͷſЦסлѣ˵Ǵĸùһ;ǿСסգùС
˵Ưֱ
лƵģòк
лŴȥˡ
̫̫ʣȸūɷߣ
лЦ˵֮
˳Ժӣ̫̫念ȸū֮˵ﻹһ֣
л࣬ЦЦ˵ȥ˺δ飬ײ̼֣ȥ²μӱ羭ᣬ˾ѣЭͬԶȥˡ
̫̫⣬ʣСɾˣ
ʮˡ
̫̫Ц˵²˰Ҽǵü֮ôʱյԣתҲôˡ
л֪˼ǲӻֻ˵ɾεһΪ
˵﷢Цô㣬ǷѾ˼Ŷ

̫̫ȴһլŮˣżɽʣ֪ȸūҼҼ֮Σ
лɱ̫̫һֱˣɵĿ
Ǹ⽨̫̫鷳׼ԼĶλô͸ϱأ
ЦӣЦ˵ҲżҺʹɾЩ
̫̫ʵϲˬ˵³ˣ󶼰˵ԭ¬ƽʱЩСȱ㣬ǴϴͿӽܺá
лϿʣЩ²ܣΪԸ沼ܺ
̫̫ûʣ·ϵľɫлһһˣ·ϵӶлɣЦŴклҲһһʡ
̫̫ɫĴлɺ֪̫̫Ц˵ɺϸĹȣũ˼һֱŷ˳
̫̫ЦЦû˵ΧѾƳγεˣһˡ

˵ȸūũһ츳
лЦЦϾ£ũΪءûгԵģʲôǿ̸
̫̫Ц
߳ȥЩԶˣлɿͷѾȥˣԶԼɽͳƵ⣬飺ûȥˡ
̫̫ܿ޷û⵽ʲôġ
лɼ棬˵Ͳեõġո
ȻҶԺѼ˳ľнֵЦ
ڳˣϵĲѾ׼ˣƤͺп⡣
趹ѿ˺Ͱ˱ࡣ
ζֱÿ˶޷ܾ

лѶռֱ޲ڣϲʣô뵽ģ
лɶһ뵽óԶ벻ԣ
Ժ޼ҵŮ켸죬̫̫Ц˵ׯϴ͸£̵ϵصУû뵽СӾȻҲᡣ
лЦ˵ȸūСϵسǰŻس
¬ѾǳˣЦ˵ֳգǶõġ
̫̫ȴ۳ҡۣūڽűߣЦ˵ֻèԡ

ƤлЦ˵ҿһֱȸūգҳ
һãƤľζڴݼɢ΢΢Ĵζղܡ
ÿ˵۾ˡ
лɶЦ˵һ࣬Сˣҹʳ᲻
кõС˳
Լ򵥡




105.  һ   ǰϦ

лɿûô, Ҳ鷳֮޼˹ﻹͦʵġ
ڵȴϢ²Ҫ¡
Ժŵƣƻͨ, ݵζڲ, л, ˵, ˸ɳл, л̾ǰҵʹҴô, ǿ׳ôࡣ
лɱĿЦͣ˵Ҳúó, ô, ɶҪ㱣ģлҵж, ͸һ
лѴ͵͵˵䱣ǣ͹˰Բ㡣
лʣ˭ѧģ
ɳ, ˮӸ߿նȥ, м伸ЦĴл, ǹˮˣ
ü˶Ц¬ЩգôߵĶûйˡ
лѺƢӦҸղû, κúô򡣡
лЦ˵ӡкӾҪ𳤻ס
л̾ңд羭Ѷˡ
࣬ЦŽӹɳ˵Сɾȥɣ
лɾܾյľ֪顣ٿ飬С۾
лЦҾ֪, ƶ԰ûá
޼ҵŮŽ춼ú棬ЩĽˣˡ

ڶлȥ㣬лɽСϽСȥ˲㣬лɲģҽȥ㣬˭ȥ
Сȫ׷
żС¬վڶ¥¥̨ϿţЦ˵һСӡ˵ţ룬ϧ޺󡭡
Ц˵лСӵз緶һ˾Ȼׯ԰ľʵѵá
緹ʱһȺ˻ӺͲҶջȡۻƾƣлɲϺû뵽Ϻķʡ
һȻ⣬Ϻݫ˿Ķ׼ġ
ⷿȡһ̳Ѿơ
ϣ޼ҵŮһСǼʲô棬ʣлʲôܺ𣿡
лЦ˵԰ҪԱ˲ܺȣҪȻˡ
۰Ͱ͵ĿţԳȷʵ档
лЦ˵òĲˣﶼû˻ˣֻһˡ
̫̫˿Ȼ⣬磬˵ۣ۵ȿԲĿڸв֪ǿ٣̫̫Ǻϲˡ

лϳ˿ϺЦ˵˳ˣȻû֪Ϻ
лЦ˵ùϲдףȥˣкѡ
ӵе䷽Ͳ׺ͼǼУ⴫
̫̫æܾ˵ء
лɲںЦ˵кöҪкóԵľ͸ôҶһ˳ʲô˼˵ˣҲʲô¡

緹ʢΪѾƺȵ٣޼沶ˣѾûܾܾȵ۾ģ׷лʣл㣬ʲôóԵģ
ü˴Ц¬ϺЦʣȱĳԺôͲ
лЦ˵С˶˾ͻϲԷͦõġ
ֱ׳˵ǰҲ˵ˣ޲ȥһӶҵġ
¬϶Цˡ
лһιūһߺл˵ҲòģҳˣҲŰġ
лͯ޼ɣЦ˵Ҫǳ˵;ǵġ

һƬ֣ĺﲻ廪лһһװڵ˿ƥ˵ɴ䣬Цݡ˵Ļ͹ţȥʷɾ·Ը
˵˳ʷѾȥˣԬƹһص
ϵˡ

һ·ٶޣɱ˽϶ĵ̣ǼƲԣ⣬ٴŽ
յĳǻһɷ٣̿ﲻҴټǰزμᣬۿۣλҲȥˡ
޼Ů춼ȥ˽⣬˵Ķûȥֱ޺ƵԺӣ޺׫д壬ֱһ㵣żɽϵˡ
޺üðβſ۴⣬ţʣô֪ģ
ô֪Ϣǧȷʿǣû޶ȡĵϵٵʱǷҲضʱȡ
޺ƶʣ֮أ
޼Ҳ˿Ķȡ
޺ƣ롣
˵һ͢±ضٱ޼Ǻ󷽵ĻλԻᶢţ򲻿ɶߣ׻ᱻ
޺Ȼ̧ͷ
˵Ҳֻǲ²⣬úÿǣ⼸ĸ£ᾪǵġ
޺ʣһ֪
ЦôᣬҲǣˣڲҪˡ
ٶ£ҪǺšԺĽʣɾɻԺӣ
ͣ½ŲͣƬ̣˵ȥɵԺӡ
Ϊֵ鷿飬ž˵ĸͼŮ춼лɵׯʰȥտտ
㵵űʿɻʣĸײ˵Ҫǳȥδ𣿡
Ц˵ҪæЩʱճľɫãǶ徻죬ĸҪڼյĲ͡ɼ졣
ǸʵӣĶ°һТ̴Ӧ֪ˣȥ費Ҫ
ЦǼҵҲ֪֮ˡ
ߵ˵ҵȻ֪Щʱգд壬Ҳ׬Ǯġ
Ц˵аɣӺҪ׬Ǯ֪
ڳĸ˸㣬ֱ⡣

лһӶǶϢ˵ʹˣ˯ţ˯
ڳо裬ܺӵ⣬лҲϢлЦȥ˯ɣ㲻˵յʹ𣿡
лѹִ˵粻ڣҾҪİ䣬ߵʱչ˰㡣
л﷢Ц˵аɣҰæ
ʱлɲŸճɹлͷĽ
һھ²ȥˡ
ܸ֪ǰһģ˿ڣĿڸȵ񾭶˲ˡ
лӣЦʣôˣ
ʵʵ˵㳤߲
лҲֻ˵ǶϢ׼տ³׼ˣˣл׼ɡ
ڴӦлɱ㡢ϴˣʲôɡ

Ժտ¯׼ˣūϲʣ˵տ
лʣ绹˵ʲôˣ
Ц˵˵Ŀɶˣ˵ҳˣʹȥɽɽ󴨡
¬Ц˵յɹߵûˡ
лЦ˵Ůӣ͸ýһ㡣
¬˳˵ô㽿أ
лЦ˵ңǳСãҾͰš

ҪˣЦ˴ͻ˳ʷĿջԬƹѾ֪ˣֻʣװסˣ
һۣʣʲôʱܵ
ǻҪЩʱաĻû
ȥĪҪ׬ƣԼŰ졣ԭشϢʱŻ
Ԭƹ𣺡ס
ܶ࣬Ҫʹ޺Ž͢ñûȨֻȨ֮£Ѱһᡣ
ûã޺ƲѰţ޺ƾ˵Ҳ£㸸׻ᱻٻء
ʵҲãʱҲͣ




106.  һ   ռ

˵, ϧֻ¶һ棬ͻعˡϿǰ֣ڶ, һǰһյɢ, Ȼ, ˸˵
, ֪ˣ·ʮ, ·, ֱһ
ϸһ, ʮ, Ϻˮֵ벻ˡ

޺յϢ, λûжϵΪ޳յź󣬾Ͳù޵, ͻСŹһ, ָݡݡб䡣
εıؽڶ, Ǻһˣˮ, ʹһŵµ˳ƣȷɳʱӣ, ģԾһ·ˣԲǱصˡԴӾְ󣬸ݵ˵㣬ڶ֪ĸݴʷƹݱԽ
µ﹬λȷʵ׵ϵ

գˣлԼǲһˣˣҲûôˣлɽ˵̣廪ָ˰ʣô
廪˵˵⼸տˣ׼ȥ˱ĶѾˡ
лЦ˵Щż֮˵ЩҽսġǼɾ⼸æʲôأ
廪һһʮ˵⼸նˣϵҪսˡɾϵصĴⶼͣˡ
лɾȵĿô

ض飬ѾڼˣӴ޼ҵŮ졣
лҲûʱˣǶѾװˣϲֲĸ𣬴̫̫⼸ǺģǸϱ⣬סҲ⡣
¬ϸ˵⼸ʲôòģʲôùܡ
ֻлϻסһЩʱա
лɽ˷䣬Žлʣ㵹ͦõģǴ޼ǲ̫ƽɣ
޳̱ܵĶ࣬⼸ˡ
лɴǰ£µǺÿͣܰ˳ԷʱˣҲúÿˡ
ƣۣȰ˵ˣúϢɡ۾ˡ
лѵûʱ䣬⼸տʼˣ˵ɡ
Ƭ̣˵鴦ù˹ˣϢϢɱҶ󡣡
лȷʵˣʱոУյĻ
ǾͷˣЩʱգҪЪһЪžҪˣĵףȥٶĳɣҵлҲˡ˵϶ɡ
Ե˵ȻˣǼлܳˣֳֻ߲ׯڡ
л͸¬˵ȥɣǶڵ㡣
͵ıһ£ſ˵ϻúϢ
лһš

лɲ֮ǰǲ׼ϻˣҲʣҹ޲Ǻ飬ܵ˻ؼңҾ
ˣź˵ɾҲ֪ʲôʱĶ֣Ǹֵˡ̫̫Ҳڼҡ
лҲ֪Եлȥˣοģ׶ɹˣϰ

ҲЦ˵ǰܾⶼԵ
л˵ҪȻծ̨ǾǲмһǺҡ
˵˺ܾռ£Ѿоˣлæ˵ǼͰˣЩʱæ꣬ҾͺúϢϢĥóԵġ
ˬʵЦЩп˵ԴȸūҾԽԽˣ³ﲻ˵ﲻ֪жˡ
лЦ˵ҵļˣûϵ
ռʼҰﶼũˣո
ϵصսһлնﶼ˵ˣһ·ͽǿ׳͢Ķ·һ·ܣֶһޡ
Ҫǣձ°ļҵĹ٣˭ҵˡ
ũǣ֮ߵ֪ĺƷٶֲϵķư̸Ľζ
лǺʣ㿴ճô
ʴҧҧޣһٳնҾýĳɣ
лɶһڻŵ˷ܺϲãﰵ룬ҵɵͽܣٸҼʱ䣬Ŭְֵ֪꣬İְֽүү

żʮˣĳʮ׳ۣΪûֹܷѹлûʱעЩ̾Ϣеģһжеġ
ջû˹ģʼߵɡ
սͨճɣصİһҲֻ
лТĻʱվ﹡ϣķŶ˵

òʣʲôʱ򽻣
ТˣӵĴ𣻡⼸졣ũ˵Ǹù
üԶˣпϵ˵ׯϻЩ빻Թȣһũƻᱻ
лɻȥ飺ϵսˣˮϣôˣ
Ҳ⼸մׯϸա⼸ۿɼıɹСɫ
ңҲ֪ͽȥʡЩǸ˵
лɼƣ룬ڰ֣ˣпȥʣ⼸ˡ
Ц˵ҵׯճɴá
л̾ʲôãճɺˣ˰ҲӴˣҵǻã˿ɾͲˡ

ϴͻˣһĻҦغͼˡ
ž˵׼ЩþƣҪһ
Ҧæƴǣ֮ɡ
лɲ룬±ʣȥ׼ˣԼԱߵʵоֵѿ
һֱҹʱ֣˶˯ˣԼԼԶĹżŽ
лĵƻţſ˯ˡ
ûҦغ⼸ˣСھﳤ󣬺ȵϺõ滨ףʴŨ㣬ѧȾƿʼȵľյҾƣ⼸˶Ķ֣˹ൽſ£Լˡٺüλų
żлſϣۣΡ

߽ձлɾˣŵζԺʣ˶٣
ԼҲŵҾƵζЦ˵˲٣˯ɡ
лɱˣۣŷڿϣЦ˵˯ɣˡ
ߣлҲԼıӸϡ
Լ˵Ҧر˽ȥϵƽѣҾ֮ȥ׶༪١
лʣΪʲô
㲻е飬ǰңĽǰϱ߾ĺиû֮һսĶ֡Ҳ·;ңԶнΪ²̫ƽɲǵˡ

лʣ㸸Ƕսʤ㣿
ЦЦץգ˵֪ûļʶı¡
лʣ˰һ֪𣿡
˵ˡ
лɼز˵˵˯ɡ
Ťͷ£˵û£ġ
лЦʲôõĵģһʱ򲻵
̾ҦͻСǸܲˣһսǣϵŽĹ٣һ·ߡ
лɱ˵ҦҲҴмﳤɽ·ʱԿ̫٣أҲͬ꣬ɱ¾ⳤʶĶЩթǶ֪ѪǰѶ۵ô
Цȸū񣬱һס
лɱ۴֪˼ˡҦز졣˵ݻҲڡ˯ɣЩ£ȥģ˯þ




107.  һ   սǰ

ҹߵĺֹǴ, ¹Ѿӽ裬ҹ˯ţƻͨ, ⼸ճоƽ, ·˺ü, ԵֻèƵ, £, ¹毺õЩ΢ĸ, ˿, ֣½ճ𣿡
˵ûС
԰οЩʱϵˮ, ַ귴
¹عԡ
㵵ͣ, ̧ۿĳ¹
¹ĿġϾɳˣ
ԹԴ𣺡ˡ
¹չ˿ƣǾͶȫǷ, ЦĪҪ̫, ̫, 泭Ҿ, Ҫҵʱģʱҡ𣿡
СĽùãùñȼ˶ҪС־ҪùһˡʮȷʵԶǺʹ̫Զˡ
⼸, ԽĽùãº˺ܶ࣬ùڹĵλ˿˵ܰ˵ΪùƯֹ֪Ư־ҪһɾһҪùһһĹʶĿ

½ҵλΣѧŹùõķʽãĹϵ½֮·ƽ̹һЩ
鲢ùòֻһٵȷ½ɲ
ԥˡ
½֮Ѿܣαӡ˵ĸ½ҵŮ죬½ҵҲϸˡ½֮лŮǸĺá
Ҳ˵ĺϢ֧˿µǩ½֮ٲ䡣
ֱֲ
Ҳʵڲ֪ˣСòϣһСǣӵڶû˸ԾӵһɵףЩģһôûСЦĽ½ɵϢմôãЦ½ҵļŮֱ֮֮ЦΪףֻһ仰¡
ֲùù˵̫ˣᵽûмʶʲô˼

ԹԵϴع֪ˣĳдЩ߰飬Ҳˡ
¹ȥˣЦ˵࿴Ǻ£Ŀģ𣿡
ǣҼˡ

޳ʮ鷿ﳹҹδߣϵصսѾݳ˸š
˵ϵҪˮ֣Ȼս¡
ȴҹ
޳̵һۣû˵λ佫Լ̬ȣһսϺķ˺ܾãҹˣ˲ɢȥˡ

ߺ󣬴޳ʽ֮ˣô
²γЦ˵ЩǸӲӣЩΪң߽Щѡ
ԼҲǴ޳ˣγô̶̼ܶΪ߽
Ǵ޳ȴü𣿡

ĬƬ̣˵ս˴ҿ
Ц˵Ǹҿ۲˺ܾˣܾǲϸң˵ٵˣҾ
æȰ˵Ī˵Цպͬ㣬ԭһУԸԼȱ˰ȹ顣
Ĳһ˲ٳٲ˵ֲá
յպ£վǸԸǸյæµһаСӣһС
㬵˵ܺøˣɶǸĺ֣
ߺ󣬽˵ϵǧ̲ǱְͬγȾƺƺʧԣ˵ġ

޳üʣʲôʱ£
ǰˡ
޳ʣ
⽭ء
޳ϵЦɢЦЩ͡

ռų˰£ĺɻˣлյæµлס˼գǺöˣлյæµЩⲻȥȥˡлǿôõһμиЩ棬ռлŴӨӨѾﶼϤˣÿ峿ĸŮлɵָӣȥתתÿÿŵľսлϵɫȷʵԽԽãӸʲôԲȥռѾԼܸˣۣڶһˣԳһһࡣ
Ц˵ԾͳԣҪ̰·ݴԺ󣬳ʳϸҪע⡣

ÿÿȸūģֻҪĸ彡ͻܽĲǼֲȱԵģһҪ֤
лϾܾҲЩֻЩˬڵģ˵ˣЩȣ˱ػϻ
лɻлѼ£ڳԺϣЦ˵ҾȻھͿʼˡ
лЦ˵ٵȼ£⼸æˣ³ȥæˣ⼸պúоԵġ
лˬʵЦ˵ҾͲˡ

Ц˵յտǹֶûԶ٣ԣ⼸ٿһЩ
л̫ۣһ߿죬һһûԡ
лɾ˾󣬸л˸
ûлʣ𣿡
еί˵ûС
лָָлʣʲô
׷лЦ˵Ҹ׼Եģȥ˯ɡ
ջлʣʲô
ʲôԡ
лɷۣкͺõ棬⣬һⶡ˸ĭĽͷһ档
˳˸ƹϣȷʵͦªġ
һֱջ𣬵ãʣ㲻һ
лɵ˱ѾƣƹϣĳԷЦˡ
л˵ġ
иϰߣʲôʳϴ룬лʣô⼸æʲôأ
̨һϴһ˵Ҳѿڶϴϴ롣
л˿ھƣЦ˵Ҳԣҿɼôôˬء
£Ц˵кѡǡǾȥ
лʣ⼸գˣ
սˣһʱͣˣûоսͳ˳ս鷳󣬲ֹ޳̣ҲսӼȺˣҲǷˡ
лۣ̾ɱ˹ȻǺ£Ȩûɱסˡ
ı¹Ȼˣл֪ȫķ
ϴɾлߣıӣһڣ˵Ҳִ֪֧޳̶Բԣǽûкý
лɰοǶ֪ʱôǺýֻģʲôҶ㡣

Ťͷķ࣬Ц˵֮ȥɣʱҪ
лüʣʲô˼
Ц˵û£ֻǷģ֪ҶߣԺûʱˣҪҷĲ¡ƽԭûпƬ
лҡͷҲȥҾҲȥ
ü鲢ãһ㣬Ҫİת˲ôݣҴӦ˴޳̣Ϊṩݡ
лӦãҪģҶ쵽ҪӦң޳̻᲻ӮҲ֪ҹܲôˣֻ㣬زա
䣬СģЦˣľƱ˯ɣˡ

лʣǶµģĹ͡
Ц¬⼸ףô죿
лɱôƵʣװᰡ




108.  һ   ̸֮

ЦʣȻأܸܲס
лɿЦʣ־
Ŀһ, ʣ̫𣿡
лɿʣʲô˼
Ҫ̫ˣǸɵʳ¡
лɶʱЦ죺ʲô, Ż˼
Ц˵˯, 㶼һˡ
˻ط, лϴʱ, ʣҪҪȥ
лʣʲôö
Ҳûʲô徲졣
лϴ, ˳ë, ߲˵ɣɹ, һֱ汼ҵССɫ, Ҷڡ
Թţϴ, ڲ˵ϲ
л˫˵ҪȻأװ׾, žǡ, Ǯˡ
˵һЦ, Цʣ˵ʲô
лʣûУ˳һ˵
˯, лɲ˵ŲΪʲôսˣҪźҽ飿Ҫ֪ԤԵ£ǲ
ЦѧΨлС㣬ѧ˺ܶͿѧлС, Ҳʼˣ
лɿ۾˵ܵƾһ㣬һ㶼֡㲻Ҳҽ𣿡

˵Ҳǲҽ£ǡ
ǲһ˽ȥǺһȥҶν
л۾˵˯ɡ
ȥⲻҵþҲϰˡ
лɺЦʣԭʲôӣ˧һտأÿˣô˵
ۣǱȻġ
лЦرϲһĳƨʣĸÿ
Ķÿ
桫ôеˡлɹ

˿ΪʺܹӲⱾ£éݣһĴլӡ
лʣôÿѽϧˡ
ۼ˵ϧһȫϵϣÿҲòҡ
лɴչȥ£ǺÿĴ
ûɻͱһѹ¡
лɼˣ˵Һú˯
лЦĵģ˵Ҹˣú˯ϧûץסᣬ˵㡣
лɸ˵˵ˣҼˣ˯
Цˣʣ֪ʲôк˯𣿡
лֱܣʽе⣬ɴĵˡԹԵĿ˲˵
ĿԣͻȻ˵ģҪ˶̫ʱ䣬ҪȻ׼£ҲҪӵ̫ãܿƵġ

֪ʶʵ֣Ŀİ˵ѹˣȥ
һ£ֻƵģֱӱ棬ӾĿ

ӶЦˡЦ˵˯ɣҲ㡣
ĹҲˡ
Ҳ˵лмܲס

òȥصơ
˵ƣ࣬ؾص˯ãл£һ˵ľ롣
Ҳѡ
˿ʼ¡
лʣ޳̵ıж٣
֪޲ԣϵıڰ˳ɣ
лɣ

ݿɲǱСĿʲôʱӦģ
ϵصʱϵصѾˡսҲûʲôô
лûףսҲֵǮ
ˣ̫ͣˣѾóˡ
лʣǳ͢أ𣿡
Ͳԣˮֺս¡
лʣϵصİգǲǡ
̾˱ض֣ҪȻϵصսϵԽãϵصİվԽꡣ
лɳĬ˺ܾã˵ǰܾãǿԾһЩ˵ģҵŷ֣һ˶Ȳˡ뷨ٺöûá˵ӵȨεԡֻӵȨܱˡ
ʵ֧˴޳̡

˵ʲôҪܣЩ¶
л̾޳̴ʲôʱ
֪ڵʱ뿴սΡ
лɲſĲ˵һĵףʱȥƽԭ㹻ϵˡѡһ··߿һ㡣޳ҵԵϴλܴ£ѪԣסҴ壬ƽɽµĹðչúЩ
˵ĺܿ޶ȴ·ɲߡ˵˵ţлû
ŤͷѾƽ˳ˣչȥӵڻл˳¶ȣ

ڶһ磬ʼ³׼֣һ˸ɻʮ챻ɹ˺ɫһڴЦźʹ˵ɾգ
ʮ죬Ѿˡ
Цȸūˣ㿴ģĸ˸˵Լˣ
˷˵˵ľлׯܱߴׯҶˣ;һֻлׯ˽ĳɣǺŵϢ
Ц˵û档

Цû׸ɻŵˡ
ԴЦ˵ǻǶһЩˣлׯĸؾͨ˵Ǹðʽ˲ʱ͹ճɡǸˡ
ΪأҰ͸лׯͽܣֻջֵصġ߲ס
麩ЦЦЩ˵һǣɾȣһȷʵ̫ᡣ
лɿ˴ϵ󣬿˵Ǻܱģ³ɹķȣӶǣһͱȱ˼ҵĺá
ڹȶ£ɹ̫лʣô
³ЦǺǵĵ˵ˣҹţĳɡ
л̾˵˰ɣ
³ⲻӰǣǿˡ
Ӷǵ٣ܱߴׯˣǹȥ͹ͽɣð
³̾ⲻǸ취һǼͻи׷
лɣܲô࣬ʱܾȶپȶ١
ʴӵ󳡣˵ʦܱߵˣҴǵ֡ˣһֲ֪һ
л˵ҪǾֻҪԻ
Ĵ⣬лҲ⣬ֻԸ˵־ΪǳԱнֵַ˵߼Ǯ
ʼ죬˸񣬵ʦ塣
лЦŵ˵ûı£ֻֻ֡˳ԱҲҵѪû׷ѡ

ʲҲ֪γִлɵػ֪ġ
ղ˵ĳԵҲˣŤͷȥũȥˡ

ϻȥ³˵˲١
лɿ˲ᣬڴӦֻҪ͸
³˵ǲҪǮ֣ǵǡ
л̧ͷʣǮţǵյǿ϶ŵġ˲ţǸ˰ѹǲòš
˵̾ˣǰŲšڹ˲ˡ
³Ҳһ˵÷ɿ죬Ҳٴš

ϴִһϢϵرܣʧһǡ³Ľ
ʱ򻻽ǰնǴɡ
ɴܵı̫ˣѾʧѪԡ
лĴ˰죬ʣѴ޳̵ȥϵذɣ
ο⵹ᣬɽϵͺϵıںš
лȴ˵Ƕȥǡ
˵һ룬Լѻ졣




109.  һ   

տڲ˵, Ц˵ЩЩ½ġ
л⼸һֱ˲ᣬׯǧĶĵ, , յĶҪдġ⼸һֱͷˡ³£ɹʳ
лͻȻʣþû, ôˣ
ʱ, Űգֻܷġ
лʣأ
ڽ
лʵе, ڵ׳

лû뵽½֮д
ȸūȸūһ, ⽭ش֮ˮ, ȸū֡½֮ʤм

ɶ, żɽҪ֡
лʣ½֮ϵص, Σհɣ
Ц˵£Ǹܸߵˣ˶տ

лɣν, ս, Ҫȫ⼸ոְ, ù١
ȴãֻ˵ֱ̫, Ҳ̫ˡֻЩͷС
лɴڿɲд۽ˣ˶տЩͽܿɴء
˵ȷͽܣ
лɣȷʱ¿Ρ
ЦЦרһˡ

ٽ¿ϵصս»ûн, սͣϵؿȣصĽʿϰ򣬲˺ܶࡣ
ֺ󱱵ص˰գϵ˴ϢĻᡣȻ٣û
ƽƽȵĿȥˣҲΪӦòӣµһ죬ӱϮ˺ϵռ춫ԱܳԴ˿ʼңֳһɢɳ

л֪Ϣʱһţ·𳤰һ
û׼ڲϺصĿ˸Сᡣ
˵֣ȫҴ֣տʼ߾裬պ󣬾ȥȥס
лһţô£ڲȫ𣿡
³ʲôׯסʮˣʱҲң
лɲŲҺðַա
³պسȥס
ֶ˵ǵʱȥе

³ģʱֻЩķĪţҼʶսңȻ£Ҳ
лɼ³ģܵȥʵ˵ûʶʱᵶܿ˵ȫη塣

Ҳ˵ʱûʲôϢֻ֣˳£ǡ
ТЦ˵ʲô£ׯﶼˣҲǾһסȥտʼЩ
Ҳ˵Ҳи֮Щ
лϲǾò̤ʵʴǡ
ֹ֣ס̾Ҳ֪
Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ţԱҾռˣǧҾ
룬ùߵлģľҡ

лʣǲǵˣ
ûĸĴɱӵǡ
ȵˣȥ꿪ĵһ絾һҪ֡
лû룬ʣƽԭ˶٣
޳̱żӦǾˡ

лֻĻţʣĲ𣿡
л֪£ο˵ʮʴ޳Ҫģ֣Щʱգϵص׶Ҫת˽š
л԰ˣأҲעⰲȫ

£л˾Ϳʼյ㶼ˣ³Ժ˼ˮأԺˣǵūյĶڳر߲ߡ
ĵ׵ĲﵽԤڣȺлʶλˣɵߡ뿪ףϲĺл˵ʦ絾ףϵϵճɶߣǳˣ
лɿƳγεһƬҰ룬Ҹ̫ƽʢһȫµˣܳԱ
ոʼڶգڶĵɴ⽭ء

ܱߴӲֵׯӶũǼ˷վ͸ˣлʣտã̫ƽ
Ӧ֪Ѿˡ⼸տʼǱѾˡ
л˱Ҫ£ǧҪΪ֪𣿡
Ӧȴ׺һҪ

ûлɵˮɹãλı¾ûˡ
Ǵ֮꣬Ǳް̫ͻȻлһɥж¡أϧĿǰķѵľ棬λĵֻмŮ޶ӣ¼ҵλ˵˶ӣϧ̫Ӯɱµĵܵܰƽִסеľ档

ת˲֮䣬̫ͻʺ󡢹ÿһ˱вͬˣȨĽ棬Ҫƶû˸˭ɿȨ
ƹܣ·˼
ϵԪ˧ڽϽ˽һ󣬷䣬źӱռ˵̣ˡ
Դ˹ڽϵһߺͷŵľ棬ȫ߱
ԭأһƬҡ
޼Ұѳֺһߣһ򵱹أĪռΪ֮ƣԶ

лɶ϶Žˣˣջ̡̻
ղڣµףʰȥµӡ³һȥԼׯ
лֲ˻ϵתʳ˴޳̵ıԻ
лɴӳʱ֮ͬǰֵУҲͥ䡣
һۣ˵һ

ϿȰ˵ЪЪ
л·ˣ֮ǰڼҵֿ־˲٣ãúϢȵݾܼˡҲ֪С񳤸ûУ˻ˡ
ˬʵ˵Ƥ񣬳ЩҲӦõġ
ǵг̺ܸϣлɵЪһҹĽǻûôҪľµλһͿʼ٣ҹ·ôϣѾǾѮˡ

лɿΡΡ߳ǣͳ´еسǵı̾ݳǵıȳıйء
˳ǣϾȻġġӦоС
˽Ӵǡ
л۵Ļۣһ̶ͣЪ۾Ĵߣһ·ʶľɫ˷ܵ˯ž

ӣĸߴ׳лͷһ۾ϳˡ
Ц˵Ǵӳлɡ
ղֲ̫׼Ĺٻأūգɾ֮ӭǣ˵˸

лæַǲЩأʲô˵
ϾͣѾȥϢˡտլӣæ˵⼸µլڲˣվܰȥ⼸Ƚ͡
лһƬƣ룬Ǻ棬ʣЦ˵סʵνȥ𣿡
գȻ
лɼ˵Щ˼˵ǰɣ
̾ᣬлӲˣɾдŽˣޱչ˺ǡ
лЦ˵ǵأݳ̫ƽҲܳӵġ
չִ˵ɾԸūҪá
лɼִʣأЩʱж𣿡
յĿһۣûش
лҲգЦ˵ҸȥЪЪˣæģðǣ˵ĸˡ
գȥ˺Ҫղܻ

ѱǳ츳Īغȥͷˡ
лЦ˵żʲôʱпˣһ˾С
ݵһ棬˴ӡ󶼲
վлɺʹЩǲ˵˵ãö֪ʹĺ
лð˵ͦɿǸܳʵˡǶԴƴӡ




110.  һһʮ   ս֮аƽ

;, Ҫܸߣһ·ܣ, ˵˼俺ܵ״̬, Ͱռ, ȵڶ˶û, ļŽȥ, ˯С
Ķͷ, Ŵӳ˯оѣֻ֫ʹ, ͷѡ
ü, Цʣǲǻۣ
л̾ͷҲۡ
Ц˵լӵͦ, ǹʰˣ˵ǰȥլӣɨɾˡ
лߵſ, ̶ֻ̼ȶԼˡ
ĻնѾᵽլˡ
лͷ, ϴ˰, ԼѰȥմҹ, ҪҲҵ

лɽż˰Ứл
л˵ɾ˵ǸܿɿˣܲҲɣ˵, ǲЩĻ
Ц˵ǱߵҰǶЩˣЩ
лЦϸ˵طģҲЩݳǵǲȣЩ򡣡
սܣ⼸ȷʵˬЩʱ£ϡ
лʣȥ𣿡
Ц˵Ȼԣɾ˵ˣˡ
лЦ˵ǿͣ
ձǲ׼˵ܶ࣬ƺ棬˵ʱһֱϣɾչ˺ǡ޶˼
лҲӣͷЦ˵ұǸģ¶ʣһࡣɾָҵĵǺԱƽԭ
վȵĿ

лЦʣֳˮС󣿡
ףѾפأ˷ǣڿˡ
лȻĵͷǲ̫˵ɾҲףһƣһż衣
ճ˵ɾ΢Դ壬ĳⱲ˾
лɼ³׳ߣʣɻܵûţЩС˺ڿ졣
Цæ˵Ҳڿ죬Ǹӡ
лЩ˵Ҵĺӣôܲ㡣

󰢹Ҫһаٵ˸ȣٿҲͶʮĸŮֽźʱɨԺӡ
лʣΰô
Ц˵붼͸һ֣سǵ˶ǰ
лЦ˵Ǿͺãȥæɣʰ׵ˣǳԷ
ձȭˡ

Ц˵˵ǳ
лɼ׼֣ԼȥˣŽֵߵİǽߣʯ·սǹȥСֵǰ͹ƽʯͷ·ϵĵճ⣬˲࣬Ҳ
Žת˼أԶԶĿ˶ûȥ
ȻͰѾˡ
ݵĲ˲࣬лɿŻ⣬ЩĲ԰ӡ
Ҳ֪³ôˡ
Ц˵һУʱҲܳԡ
лЦ˵Ϣ죬׼

컹ţԶʿΧǲסˡΧھӵ
ʰ٣ϲס𣿡
ٽͣסĶǱܶ඼ǵ
лЦʣأɼ𣿡
٣սˣûˡ
ͣĻͷһۡ
лɣԲס
Ǹ͵ȻָչǵģǺŮ澵뷨̹̹
˵ʲôôһ¡

лɼЦţҲЦ˵Ǹں档
ʰЦ˵Ӽԡ
ǰԺӿǿаֲڲлɲ£ϱ̶ӵЪžǰԺӡŽСԺҪ£ŽпʢѣԺķ᷿ҲССġ
ԺԼյĿӻ⣬ķԺͺ˵ĻӵĵԻһںϡ

֪ҹˣԺû˼磬Ȱ˵ȥ˯ɣҹ䡣
Աʣô
˵˵ӹϽĺϸ񣬷Ҿɡ
лЦЦҲԣﰲȫҪȻҲִŵƭ

ڶһŰٳȥٶݳǿ̫Ϥˣſʼָ·ﵽһת˸ţŰٳŻЩƷһЩõĶ
ٴž֣Щõת졣
лɻû

ʼͼｫ߹·ɽĺӣȫ¼
żŲ֮ǰġ־½֮ġɽ֪˻ڷԺӾͺ㣡ĸף
ż䣬ϲʣˣ
䳤ߵĲ٣ɹˣǿҲ׳ʵˣʣ·ϻҰүأ
Ц˵Ҹȸū㰢үڳ
Ҳûϵսңʣأ
лƿӦ
ЦűݣûĽεЦȥ׼緹ˣлɰ˼죬Ƶͼ̯ϣлɿ̲סɷнµ˵ˣҲ׳ˣûƭҡ
Ц˵Ӳƭˣʦ
лЦ˵ǰҲȻҪһʦ
䲻˼ԴҲСˣƹѱյæʦ˵ϵҰĴл˴ȥ⡣
лЦ˵żٵȼ˵
Ťͷͷʧɫʣǰ㻭ģ
лЦ˵£һ硣
俴׵ĵͼֻһЩµĵر꣬ʱѰͼɽƽԭϿȣע

лЪ˼գѾûôʹˣʣʲôʱȥ
䣺վͿԡ
лɵ飬ߵȳԷɣ˵
ûн£лһŲʡȻ˵Լ û롣

Դлɣ³һֱ֣Ķʮסׯϡ½½Щˡ
͢һң·˼ҸΪλİƽûбµǣɢƱĽ
ӱǷ֮ڽϵķ˹ͳ͢Ҫ˵ʱֵʵɥƽԴ˳ͷ˺ϵͷս
ǵλöʱ΢غĴ޳ڴڼȻûжѾŲȺ佫ˡи˼Ҹȵ۴ɽ佫ҦҾڴСҦش˿˻ڽϵ
ٴ𸴡̫Ϊף¼ҡ޼ҵһĳѫȨ
˵ƽԷаԸýݣ̫ƽ
֪ϢϢҦءҦ˱֮󣬱ϵ
յһ½֮длɵţŵʱлȥݣԥ󣬻ǿţ½ֱ֮˺ܴƱ⽭һɼȵ۶֪֮
оһˣãͲ

˼ǽתлɣ½֮һš
½֮յŵʱѾ֪͢öݺͷͣս
վںõԺͷϵͷֻû費ֱӣ֪Ϧꡣ
Ϊ˸ӣʵ࣬˺ݣЩ
͹ţǰĻţβˣ˺ãͷ߽ŷǿˡŵöʣôˣ
½֮ޱ˿Ļţֻǵ˵Щˡ
˵įĻطˣſͣ˵ȵȣͻš
ͼʵڱ̣żҹչȡҲһ
½֮Ҳִš

ҦյʱѾˣؽͨˡҦϵѾˡȥӵˣšȼҦأЩˣǰ緢꣬ݵᾣһ仰˵ҲԲȵۣսһ֮
ӵļ򣬵֪Ҷ֪
ÿһĸлȨĽ棬˻ʧȥĵ




111.  һһʮһ   ֮ǰ

лԭû, ڳſһ̤ưԶԶ, ߵ·ˣʲôˣţ

Χñ·ЩԺ˵ǶĶɾ, һǳѲӪȥ, ɾ׿, һ˿ɱȡ
лɿǣŵˣ, ò, ûʲôһĵط
һǴ޳̵Ķӣôࣿ

˳, м, ţ̷ڳʵϽף, ɫСʣô
Ǻָл̽ʣʮ𣿡
üҡͷ, ָ, лü, ŵʣٽأʲôƾʲôٽ֪Ѫ֪֪ɹ𣿡
ǺΪֵģһ, ֱӻӿᡣ
лҲվһԹƬ̣ȥһƥٽ

ȻȥڴǰԺǰԺԿ, žǴ֣պáǰԺһ²˺ʹС
лԱ߿ţǰԺӿԺ˽аͼͣһںˡʮ꿴Ųǿ׳ǽԺӴɨĺܸɾִУЦ˵ȹ˾£ˣϱ߿Բһ̹ǣֲ
лЦſԺӣǿܽһ򳡡
Ƭ̣˵⽨һССůĲ˾͹ˡ
һ˵ֲ˱ĿĶˣæ˵԰Ȱ׼һ¡
лЦ˵Ҿ˵˵
ȴ˵ǲԲУζһûвͲôԷˡѰ
лɱԭЩɢ˼˵ˣʰɣһ£ʱйðܡ

û뵽ڶԺõĳߴ磬մͳԵģһװɾƵģЦʣʲô
лЩ˼Ǻˬ˵ңҪԺˣ°ɣ
ĴЦ£⣬Ҫʲôðͼ׼
մǰԺҲ
ϵصͣˣص⻹ġ

лͼͷԸ˺󣬰ֻþ棬ͼֽʣʲô
ůһשǽһǴṹɿɹòƤӰס¡ֲõġשǽͨ𣬿ů棬߲˿Գòлɽ͵ĺϸϾ˼ҵԺӣǽϸЩ
ĴΪ棬ͷ
Ȥ˵Ѱնɣð
лɵû뵽Ǹôĵˡ
ǰԺĿⷿҵͰͣ˺⣬ͺ⡣
лԼ˺ܶԵĶûţ⣬
ճԵļ㣬˿Ц˵ֲɾҲϴˡ
лɳԵ٣Ц˵̫æ޼һСиϣɲΪҡ
⻰ȻЩ治ǰվú
ɾĻ⼸վ͵ˣݵ˺ֱӽ˶
л֪ЩϲޣȰ˵ɾ߲ƣǾɢҲƸãǾ˱ȽϺá㲻ҪԹ
ղӻ˻ͷ˵˵ֳ߲
лԿѾµ֣ճɸɡʲôϡģ
Ĵ󾪣棿
лɿ϶ĵͷ˵⼸ȸūׯ飬һѰҲûʲô
ʱ
лɵûʲôرģϾѾô˺ܶˣʣ֮ǰǲ˵γݣôûˣ
ʶΪļˣܺͶγЩ죬ǱϾˡ

ɾ͵ˣڸŶйٽٵ·ӡ
лЦ˵ȥ⸴ڵˡ
ҲЦ˵˹ʿЩӲ
лûɵ½֮Ҳ֪ĸСôˡ

½֮Ҳûдţ˵֣պ󣬳͢ͷͣԱɥʿֵĻ̻̣½ҸţܻؾţҲֻ½»ˡ
ղǴ񣬾⽭صﱼߣƱҪȸūֳ߲ĵҪ⽭صİпڷԣˮֺս֮£ڼ
һϵشȹһҲд󣬼СС˼ͣЩ˵ʱ
½֮ʣɾĺʱ򡣡
ͷһЦˬʵ˵ǸˣСоģЩ˵ĴɾĻԸ˵˲׬ƣɾǸˣĻ塣˵ҲͷˡҲ죬һϴԹ࣬ȹƣҲ˻һͼ𡣡
½֮΢΢㶣ȻЩ˵ģֻ꣬ǾѾḻ붼벻ˡ

ʱĴѾûʱ䳩ˣ޺Ƹţ˻޺ƣҴڶԴ޼˼¼ðƽּô޳ƽѡ
ҹϣҦһˣĻ䣬ȵɥȵ۹̷ңǰѾûˡ
ǰҦ˵̫ƽˣ֪֮ǳĪҪɱ̫ࡣ
ŵƻú󣬻ȻһЦúϢ㣬Ҧ·ϡѾϤտˡ˵ͷҲصˡ

ڴϣ飺𣿡
ɫϲŭûС
һЦЩƣ۵ű̾׬ôǮҲ֪ææµµΪʲôݵʲôʱܵ
鿴ڣȷ˵ž⼸ˡ
֣ҲˣȥϢɡ
һ볤ͱ޺Ƶȥˡ޺ƼȾʣܲܽͳȥ
ޱܡ
޺ü˶Σͺ߰ɣ
ŶңļҾ챾Ҫȥģ͵ˣٳûж
롣
޺ƱϾսң˵ҲЩżˣȵȵ㸸׵˵
ž˵Ҳ¸ԸƽѵġѾܾˣ
޺һ˫ԭ޺ʵȷŴ޳˼
Բ˳ҳӣҪǧġ
ˣ̫֪ζʲôˡܺĵܵͼıЩ롣

侲˵Ѿ˵ʱˣ˼·ߡةΪֶɥȻ飬ȨްϧλԪۣҲҡ
޺ɭȻֶڣЩݵӦⳡЮȨıսҵıʡ

ôԼֻ˵ʹңҴӦݣΪ
޺̾ǣˡ
ͷ˵˵λĩǸҵЩź̫δܵüҶ̶ʮ꣬ѾƮҡѾãҿӵҲضᱻЮ֣Ӧ
޺˵Ҫѣ̸ס
Ц˵ЩЩ̫ˡȥĸȸ˵




112.  һһʮ   ɽ

̫̫һǾĵ̫, Ψн̫̫ԺӣžİԺŮǻڱŻԺɹ̫, ؿ, ϋ, Ц˵ˣ
̫̫Ҳ, վԺŴЦʣô
Ҳ, ЦЦȥ, ̫̫Щ˲ϵĶ, ȥ, ̫̫Ҳû֣ͣż˵, ʣѴˣ
ŵ񣬵˵ȥԺ, ·, ĸ
̧̫̫ͷһ, Ħʣм
ʣĸ˵޷
ĸЩΪҲٳ, 㸸׷ֱѾãôԶԶҲǼ£񶼿ˣûסǷ㣬ǵĵȥһˡ
̫̫˹˵š
̫̫ö˵
̫̫Цʣôˣ
𣺡ЩͻȻ, ҪĸףҪ˼

̫̫ûӦҲ͹ȥˣû⡣̶ʹϵصˮ֡˵Ĳ̫̫࣬ʮǰˮǰ£һֱţ˵
̫̫˵ʣ֮£
ЦЦҡҡͷǿҲ֪лססĹߣ̫ƽĵطҲġ
̫̫˵Ǵ޼Ұ꣬޼ӵܶǺöɡ
Ц˵Ȼ޼ڳܺá
̫̫˵ĲЦЦʣʲô£

˵º
ŮʣǿĵҪ
̫̫᲻ãȥˣߵſڿԺ̺죬Ц˵ĸæɣҸٹ㡣
¬⼸ջңֳľƣշתüն˯ȣżɽʣ㸸ײ°ɣ
ʣĸôˣݺö˶˵ģô£
¬ϼα־ϾͻСֳ˷˵ǰȥ˾ˣ˾˵㸸ǲĴң˷㸸ףǼû°ɣ

Σǰ˶ֱ˵ıܡ
οĸԺһˣĸ˼͵ܵȥݡ
¬Ĵʧɫô᣿úͿˣ
æ˵ĸֻеǣ鲻һġ
¬ǸͲסƢС洫ûк¡ˣĻʲô
˿ŵʣͺȥݡ
¬ϵͷҲɣ˳üȥ͵Ǳһܷͷ
Цҡҡͷǲߡ
ڵȴ޳̵ţҲڵ˵Ϣ

պеϢٴ޳뾩
ټ֣½ļƻ˶Ÿϵص
Լȥ¬ݾ˾ˡ
¬ڼҵ˵֮軤ĸ׺͵á
ŰԲ˲裬鷿ţ˳ȥˡ
Ϊ¡
żɽ˾

ļƻ簲źˣ¬鵱¶˶λʵۼ侴¬飬¬ĲԶ½Ҫߣλϧ˺ܾãҲ½µͶϣǲû
¬鵱׼ᣬֻǼ򵥵˾ɶǰĲ
¬ֻ꣬һʣ¬¡ǶͽӦת
һвǣԲʹȥлаͰտҲġ

޼ҵʵͲߣֻڱ˶ŵʱ򣬾ȫ
¬꣬¬ֿп֪񣬴źο
ϵ˵Ҳ游ˣ˾ˣܿһ˾˲׾Щ꣬һۿҲһġ
˵ԼЦ
¬ֿĺϲʵƽƽǴʼáҲ֪ڴ޼ʲô£ȻԶǰ̣ˡ

ȥ¬Ժӣʲô
¬ϣ㸸׾Ҫ᷿
ʧЦ¬ҲúͶ˵Щʡʣ㸸û£
̽˵˾ˣȥأ˳ȥݡ

¬һ㶣Щ⶯˳Ȱ˵ĸ׶δȥҪ˾һȥ
¬Ϻܾöû˵ҲӦֻ˵롣

ҴߣյһʱҪ׼ãüһȥ

лɲ֪Щů޵úܿ죬ĺڿ죬վͻ˵ǰҲסڳǺҲû˾ûˡ
Ǿů棬ǴˣĶ̲ס뿴⼸պͰÿ϶

غͿʼ֣лɽȫһ㣬սů¶ȱȷʵߣ泱ʪ󣬲¶ȡ
ϡ棬ֻڳԷʱЦ˵ľǰգлɵõտϣ棬ֱܵĵϡ

ճ˿ҲȻֱζ
佾˵ʦҴӲ˵ѣҰµһ
ͷЦСӣ
лʰҽȥ
侪ϲҸȥ

û뵽лɻܲлüʣǲΪϵصŮӶֻʫ廨
ЦϧҰ㲻廨Ҳʫʵĺܶ࣬˳˵ˬʺͳ졣

лȱȣҿĳ
Цˬر׺ѡ䣬ıóҶ
ЦǲҲТˣҰʦΪҡ
˵׷ȥлɷ񱼣һ޼ʵɽʶ·ߵķ紵ֻۣܿ񱼣ֻó졣
󣬴һľ룬ʼջлˣֻЦЦ¡
ոں棬ŽҲһʱɽɽ͵ĴɫԼлͣŤͷԶɽ۲Դ䡣
ɫ׳лɿ۵ľɫ˵ģľɫ׳һۣһź
ָָԶɽϻС

޵ĿɽףŲԶ߽ʵԶֻǲݳһƬɫ˷ֲԶȵɽף۵һʯͷӣۺϱľ׮ΧΧͲԶĴŶȦ
л󣬰ʣôҪҪȥɽߣ
лʣȥ
Ц˵ȺɽȥˣȰǱߵɽܿȺ
лɿ۾Щª

µֳţĵطͳһˮԴʳۡ
ĥ˰죬Ц룬ܰæ
־ʧЦǿשҪﰲ

Ұգлɣ˳Ű߽߱ܣĪغˣǱߵĸ˲ڣľͻȥˡĺ֣˶˵һˣӴ˺ΪЩҰǶˬʦռãΪ˼ã뿴ô׺
лɾţʣжˣ
ˡ




113.  һһʮ   ޳̻ؾ

лɿ۴ССȦʹСһΧ, ϵľɫãչ罫ͷķ׷, ֽñӸ, ʣ, ǲǳˣ
лʣô
Զɽ, ˵ʦʱһֱת̶ӣվ͵, ˵ҪǮ

лɺЦ˵ʦЩʲôմ
ָɽµķӣʦƽʱס, Ѱʱ䶼ǻسʦ˵, ߵǼ˶æš
лɺʣļˣ
Ī硢ͼ͡
лɾȣͼͣ
û, Щ˵𿴰ͼͲۣƽһ仰Ҳ˵, ˫Ŀ۾Էˣûгġ·ϵ˶

лɾ˵ɶЩɨɮ
Īأ
Īֻ, һŲʡ⽫ƥ, 

Ǹأ
Ĭһ, ٲҺټ, ʱҲһֱʦߣҺʦȣ͹šֻ֪ˣʲôҲʦ׼Ҷʡ
лɿЦʣأô
俴ɽµ, ˵һ⣬ʱòңҶѱȤǱҲѱúܺáҪһ޶⡣ʦ˵Ҹ˵Լʲô£Ҫһ޶⣬ûȡ㣬Ǳ¡
лЦʲô֪ϴԡ
Ϲ˵ⲻʦѧϰѧЩĹҲá
ˣ㡣
лץֱۣһѾС
¶Ǻӹȣɽ͵һֱźɽлԶĲݳȺɽһʱز̫࣬̽ʣҰүһׯϣ

лɣߺ˵ڼˣ㰢үֻҪ㰢㡣
Щ˵ʦ˵ϵ˱ң֪̫ƽ
лЦ㣺İԲ
Щ⣬ʵ˵Щģ˵¶룬¿϶ᱣԼ
лʧЦڣҪġ

лɿŵΣʣʲô𣿡
䣺һںȦ٣һַɽղŻֻкѱʦѱŻųȥ
лɽ͵ֵķͣûʡ

ϵؽ˾£࣬½֮ջͷлɵµһЩˣ֣ҲͲʱڡ
֮＾ҪһЩЩũ˵ﵾһЩҲ¡
굾ֱȥ˽ߣ½ЩȣȰ˵˻ЪЪɡ
½֮ѾڣҲɹһЩձ嵹׳ʵ˲٣ϣ˲ŭơ
˼ͷԶḶ̌ˮֽ֮˼ڣֻԹ⣬޽̣⽭λ⣬ǲޣ˵ˮѰ꣬⽭ضꡣ

½磬Ȱ˵˻ȥЪЪﶢš
½֮վڽ߿¶ͷ«έʣϴκ˵Ƭ̲Ѿˣ˭
½˲ᣬصˣԬı
½֮Ƭ̣˵ȻȥɣС¬š

½¼زȥ½ǲ˹
͢ϦģͷУݵ˰ۣҪ͵²˽Ӧ˷͵˰ˡ
½֮ͬƵͬڽݵǶΪ٣дỴֽ̈˵衣
½֮յţתһҹľƣ֮Ͳһ

Ȼ֮£л˾ڣΪ̫ƽƽòסעҰѳֳȰ˼ȵʱѹ塣

ȸū˵ġȻѽ⡣
ӱ֮ңѾüޡ
ʱϵپһЩѱǭеͽϵġ
һⲽһ·Ҳһ·Ƚţ˾ϣˡ
ţ˰Σִȥŵ߬

ݴʷؾ޼ұڳ
ֻһͷط

ûȵ޳̵ʹ¬ˡ
¬ԭԥȰ˵Դ鳤ûȥȥ游Ҳá
¬ģʱ¡
׵ĽǴ޳̸ġô궼ţҲ롣
һ¬ֺһԲӵˡ¬һߣƹܣ廪лտԲʹ

޳̸дţտüˣ˷һˡ԰׺áزҪ
ۣһߣԬƹ鷿￴ˣŷϣۣЦʣ޶ǻһҾ֮ģϧѾˡ
ûֻϡ

ԬƹƵֵʱУ㲻ġ
ӣеǵҿɿˣ͵ȥ
Ԭƹ񣺡û⣬ǿϰԬҵ˶ߣҲܸ쵽
޶սʲô

̫̫Ҳ¬ϳҲտڲʡ޼˱Ų·𶼸оδ֪Σˡ
޳̵죬˲ڼң޳̫̫Ժ˺ܾãֻһֱʹ޺ĵҹȥһĽ͵ɻˣˣǱ鷿˼ˡ
һ죬˹ϴһȥ˴޺Ƶ鷿޺Ƽæ˵
ȥ޳ѵõһɫԲǲɽɫݵɱ֮Ȼмš
񣺡ס
޳̰֣һۣƽϡ

֣޺ʣ빬ҪСЩλƽЩ
˵ס

޳ЦЦҵǼλƽôʵҪе˭ҲҪ
ţ޺֮ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ֻ˵СЩ

ˣ޳̺ʹ޺ѾĵĲˣ޳ЪϢɣ˵
޺˵ҲǣЩЪϢձҲˡ

ȸӶ˳Ժӣ޳̸˵
¬ϵԺӣ¬ϵķĵţ¬ϵС鷿޳ʣĸأ
˾˻ˡ
ʱߵģ
ǰ
޳̼˿Ϊ⣬˾䣺֪ߵغ񣡡
ʣ׻ʲôĸԴӼ볤ûлȥ游𢡣ĸ׻ȥһҲΪ

޳Ϊһ
ţĴʣ׻ˣ
˵ȥ˯º˵
ȻĻʹ޳̵׽ոջͶ٣ЩЪϢҲЩЪϢл˵

޳̻ûüһĿҵҲûüһô¬ϲڣҺƲҡ
ֻ˵ûʲô£ЪϢɣ˵

޳¬ϵǰַ˱һ弫Ư
ʴһֱң
ЦЦ˵Ļ
ֻǲʹ޳̴򽻵ϲʹ򽻵Ͼ޳ܵԵϱ䣬ֻմ⣬ûгԿģһġ
޳Ҳֻǻؼˣһ꣬ǴϽӻҲˡ
˵ĸףǽ̵ĺܺá

Ц̰ž˾˼ҵİԲȥ˺˵Ҫȥ׻ûЩƤ
޳۾ֵˡ




114.  һһʮ   ˮ

޳̴Ҳû, ֱ˵ʣ㵽ʲôĿģ
ڴ̨ϣƿֻۣվԺſ, 
ӡ︸׺, ܷС, ԴӡûôȻȻ, ʲôͻҲܵͣһ
, ̲סЦ, ֻСǣû
, Ҳܴ޼ҵĿ, Ҫ֤úĸһʧ
޳̱ĶţЩŭ, û𣬡Ҵ޳̵С
ۼ£۸, ¬϶ĺ, ⼸СҲɰ, Ȥˡ

ƽѣı
ܵ
Ȼĵͷ, ܵıǹλֱͳ죬޳δĶϵطʱ̫ƽˣرƽˣҲ̫ƽˡ
ȥִվǽԶԶվ, ǲߡǵĴԿ
޳̼֣ۣԶԶվŶֻԽơû˵
ȴڴ޳ǰ鴿ֱһѧӡ
޳ؿһۣ͸ԶվñֱĴܲԸпϵ˵ܿĹ֤ѧʶ顣

ЦֵܼҺͶǴҰ
޳̼ǫ飬ۣ˵ʱ㣬˻졣
ʧЦʲôûУ˻ʲôɽ
޳ҲЦһ˺¶ĵ˻졣ֵ
ϴЦ˵ԸˬҲơ϶磬Ҫһ
޳ʣʲôʱ
ȥ˻ϵֵ£˻Ĳ£ȥϵ֣δ顣
Ӧÿ˰ɡ
޳ʣǵݶ𣿡
޳ҲſˣˣȥˣֵףɡǸ㹻ʱ䣬ճɶһ⡣
޳üͷʣ˭
ϱ
޳̶Щˡ
ŲΣֻ˵˵ģ˵ˣֻݣƽԭĺõطѾϵءǶзԣǺ¡
Ǹ̸εˡ

޳û취ֻԸȥá塣ⲻС¡
޳̣ȥµô֣ƽԭݵ²㵣ġ
޳Ҳ֪ݽĵġ
ۣЩɱҲı㡣Ǵ̫ʡˣ£׮׮ŵ׵һء

ڶһ磬޳빬ûл޳׼ţ̫̫ԺԵ緹̫̫ҲЩǣʣ֮㸸ײ°ɣ
ͷ޼Ż֦˵ĸõģ׺ǰ˽Щ꣬³ˡ
̫̫ż˵¬ϡ

İţ¬ʮ֮󣬾ͻȥ
˵ֻ̫̫˵游ֻĸ׾˾ӣһĽ̵֪ĸһĸ¾Ͳܽ޼ˡ
̫̫ҷµĶӵģʣŶǺδ֪ģ
ʣ游һ꽻һֵ׿
˵ɢˣ
Ц˵Ҳ֪
̫̫˵ɢ˵һǧû뵽;Ȼĸ¡ֻɢԴ伣ˡ
лx˵ȥ±羭ɵȥѰˣȴ˵лx򸾡֪ǼлɽлҴԶȥ
лɻ֪лԶ߸߷ˡ

Ц˵ҵҼ
ţ˽Ѱ̫̫æʣǲ㸸׻ˣ
ˣο̫̫Ӧòǡȥģ׻֪һ
ЦȳԺţʣʲôˣ
ɥɾˡ
üʣ磿ʲôˣ
ֵĿ⣬е̽ɾס
һ˼Ųµ˱˵Ȧס˼˰ΣǳŴ޳ģ飺˶ţȲҪ롣
æ˵Ԭƹ˵ܽȥˣֻҪһ˲ᣬܿ⡣
ڿջǶ׼ȥ
˵ͽ˴޺ƵԺӣѵõڣæʣ𣿡
ɫ࣬ο׽δܻţ취

ʣʲô飿
֪޺ƿһۣ̾ڻϵЩ飬
ǵ̰Ǯⶼð죬¶Էб

лɹó죬֪鷳һȥȥͿʼоǰ¹ģֳҪ豸
Ҫɹģ
ҵˮ죬ˮ໹ǿԵģǣҲбϣҪǷˮ＾꣬ڵ￴Ų̫ܷˮ
Ǹˣſɽˮģؼһͼо߰ĶҲյĲҵæ˺ü죬ˮԭˣʯʯճգͿͬĥµĺܣҲܵͣðͼԺԡ
ˮع濴˼գʱ㲻ϣֻҪسͳ·û⡣
ͼ;ϲԺøûꡣ
Ҳϲ˵ҲͲˮˡ
ͼȻĸ࣬Ը䣺ʦ
Ҳû뵽ͼûˣ˾͸ˡ

лɻоĽṹˮ⣬λҪˮԴǻҪ֤ů
պͰͼԺ￸Ŵˮ㣬˺ҲҲá
л˵ǿ϶ҲõģѾˣ׼ϴһ㣬ȻשǽϸɹģĻһЩڵ￿ɽףˮЩ˳ȦˮȥҪġ

˴ĻСӵͿɱȴŵɵģҲ٣յĶԹӺѰ˿ɲһ
лɼ㶣ʣ˵Ĳԣ
Ц˵л˵ļǣ֮ǰżһѡַ̫ͣЩ⡣
лɸͣǾͺãǣղôˮ࣬ҹҲû
Ц˵Ȼܰ쵽ұǸҪ
лҲ֪Ͷ˴򽻵ԲЩ

ˮȻ͹ҵˮûȣҲ˾ˡõĲʹͽ޳ѾѺڻϵ׼޼˼
յõţˮ£ʴʲô
ţûסЦвס
޳̵˸Ѹ٣գڿַҺˣյҤ׼
лɲЩֻо˽ԺӶˮģͼҲլˣ⼸ȥżҡ
ٺԺɹ˺Щܲɣֻ쳣ıջʱлݣ˵ж㿴
ֵԥƬ̣˷䣬лɵͼֽϣͼҲڣտһۣʹʧɫʣ㵽ʲôģ
лɼͼֵӣ޿κεЩɾӦһϸĺĵͼֻͼʵǷѹ򡣡

ĲСˣͼֽϸϸ˺ܾãлɰԼ֪ľ֪ģΪˡ




115.  һһʮ   

˵ۺִ, ڰֿһһ˴ľķʽֱ˼롣
Ŵ˵ģͿɴء
лɼ, ʣ, ˵Ĳԣ
ʣлǴѧЩģ
лָָͼϵĳ, ˵츳
Ц, ͼķ죬˸飺, ñ˽ȥ, ʵЩֻǾӦЩɻ䡣
ͼֽ, ˵лӷ, ȺѰ˿лӲˡ
лЦ˵Ƕȸūü, ʲôҪҵֱǲҡ
ͼ˱ڻ
緹ܷʢ, лԺｽˮ, ˮ͸ˮ, ơͼͻֱӽ˷䣬սȥ, ˺ܾúŻ
лɿۣ˳󣬰˵ϢֻϢʱ򣬰ͼͲŻ
лƵ룬˶дˡ

ʵд, ֻûмĳȥдŴǷɧ²۴޳̣ԹĳһˡȫЩĲԼдˡ
Ŵ£޳̱еǼλһʱҲзģóǣ
޺һֱ߶ôؾ˱ڻϵǺ鷳ģ벻ܱ֤İȫ

һʱЩԥڻϵЩת˾ͳ˲۲۵ʡǴ޳һǴ
ԬƹһˣԬƹֻʣ̲סˣ
ɫֻҪȫ˲ҪҲʲôֶΡʹǰһҵǮƣȡá
ԬƹǺǵЦɾˣҸ׵
ЦԬҳҲã¹ҲաЩ˼ҵ¡Ǿˣ̶̼ʮأЩ
ԬƹĻ΢΢񣬶һЦɾĻҼˡ

ؼң޺ѾȲˣʣ֮ʲô
۸սŵĴ޳̣ڲֻܻȥҪƺƴҪƽУҪٹУҪ쿪ʤиʧ˭𡣡
޳̧Ŀһۣ˼ȴ޺͸ҲǴ޺ǹңæ˼գҲǰ˸Ҷ֡
񣬲Ҫ¡

޳̲˵Ѿȥϵȥ㣬ֻ˾ȥʱϰ죬Ǵ̰ͼһġȻô޼ˮҪࡣ

޺ŷӦˣͣ־Щðգʣǡ
˵Ҵ粻£Ҳ׼¡
޳̣
ЦЦʵúۣ޳壬֣ĻţֻƶֻϺꡣ

ȷʵҲô޼Ҵˡ
գǻţ¬ϰãԤʮѮܳϣϵֱ
ţЦ⡣ĽѵõЦˣʣǺ°ɣ
ЦЦǰɡ

лյӳĵݵСѵʱ˶ЩȦ廪۵ĻͷģԺӿлϲ

лɾȵʣôģǳʲôˣ
Ҳûʲô

廪˵ү¼¬ڼɾ
лɳɵʣû˵ģ
С糾ͣæ˵ϣôСô
ŰԲͰȥϴϢˡ
廪Ͼ侲Щлϸϸʼĩлʣɾûʲô˵𣿡
廪Ƭ̣õɾæýŲմأǰ
л̾˻ðɣ
ɾæĶͦõġ
лҲΪֻȥϢˡ
Լоһ˶䣬ѩҲҲ֪궬᲻ѩ
ϾǺӣ˯һԸҰˣ˼Ҳ֣ϾСЩ꣬лϣЩį˵˵Ҫ˾ҡ㣬˵Ҫȶã

лɺܿģЩʱҪȥҪȥ֣Ҫȥɽкܶܶ£ˣ㰢ˡ
˵˵Ļͻһֻӡ
ϴεĲ˹èûüҲ׷

лЦ˵ҲҪô죿
Ҳһֻкѡ
лʣ绹ʲôˣ
˺ܾã˵̾˵ˡ㣬˭ˣ
лЦЦ˵֪

ŽŲϴЬлʣ粻㣿
Ժ˵˵ˣҰʮҲҡ
лԴЦ˵ܹ㡣
һӱ磬ҡ

лǸϳɳЦʣʲô
˵㿴㣬ֻ֪֣㿴лҰ㣬֪γأǲǴţƵģֻ֪֣֪㡣
лҲû뵽ȺڻôʵѧһĴ糱ˡ

Ⱥ˯˴ԲŽ곤һ֪꣬˺ܶǰĻãԲԲǶ
ʣ㣬ܺ˵˵𣿡
лɱŴݵĿϣָָ
Բ죬Ц˵һ·϶֪ôչ˰ʲôҲã廪չǡ
лЦ˵˻չ˾Уջ
Բ۾ģ֪ߣ˼
лЦ˵ת㶼ôˣһμʱǸСӡ
ԲŶ˵
лȻҰѾܴܴˡ

ǰһСڶһСͻԺﱼߣԲŵϵˮأʣʲô
Ц˵㰢¹ĵġ
лðͼ׼С˵߰ɣȥ
ãҲȥյǵôˡ

Сһ·˷ܵſڳϿŴľɫ˵ͣȵѾˣµɽ׵ĹСţԼȥϴͣ˴·ߣԶԶ濴ţлôˣ
ջͷ֡

лɽȥۣģܴɽ࣬Ц˵ˮˣЩʱ̵Ĳˡ
лЦ˵ʵǿܷⷿ𡣡
˵ȸūָ㡣
л룬Ҳѧľ̵ģоʦʵ鼸βС

ɽʮƥڶԶԶĺ㣡
ԲͷѾһûˣ亰лɺ󣬷·𿴵˰ԲȷսվסԶԶĿţлɴСߣ߱˵ôˣ
侪ϲĲȵһɾ䣬ϲʰԲôˣ
˰ԲһԲæʣʲô𣿡
ٺٵЦû£ҵڼá
лԲȥһɲ

ԲæܾҲҡ
ˣҲҰˣ˵û£ء
˵űֱðԲϣԲŵôС
лЦû˹أ
ԲԼȥͷл˵ȵȵȣҴȥȻ
лǣŴһЩ
ԶȥĽʣ㣬Ҳ𣿡




116.  һһʮ   ޳̳

, ԺһЩҪ, Īĸð, ڼﲻ׼, ڵķ, ЩͷĿѣһ˵, һıæµ, 
лɲŲ˵ûӦ, ӱԺҲ׼ȥ, 廪ǡԲѾһЩˣ̴, סҪл棬лðͼ˲, һֽ, ̴, Բ棬廪ʹһ, лɵһθоĳϴɱķĸоȻЩʤ֮䣬졣
лɵķﲻٶл߿ţлɰƵݸһѣȥҵԵġ
, ں棬һۣȥӸϣѵҪ£㿴ݵġ
лЦ˵ˣ³ȡ
ͷ̾Ҳ῾ո㿾һ
лɺгҲ֪ʲôʱܻȥ꿪ҾҪȥðһȥ
Ҳ֪һСӣô͹ôࡣ
лɿ죬Ҫѩݸдţݵһ㶼У󣬾Щ֡ҸȲˣ¡һ𣬺ͶϵҵȻͷǳͨŲЩɢˣһӶҲˡ
Ұɣ̫İĻûʲôȫС

дţûмĳȥ
ůĲѾˣȳҪĶ࣬յĲҲ࣬ůĲ˵ǳòľ²Ѿϸϸܵĳһ磬СҲˡ

лɽֺ͵һ裬ڿǺȻֻһ磬ͺĻҲδܡ
ʵڳҪ˵ģʼҹĵһЩ¶Ժһ׼˼޽һ֦ƻҲ֪ܲܳɡ

˼ԺڻѩˡԺȥģлɿѩ죬ﵣǣ֪ô

޳̳ǰȷʵƺƴ󣬰ƽԼУûһֱڳ⡣ǰһս͡
Դ޳̵ս£һŲʣ޺ƿֻ⣬ÿ飬æĲˡ
޳̳ǰһֵܶȥ鷿ˣȥ
޳̿ӣЩţվЩο˼ѧҵÿȦɵ㡣
ʣأ
𣺡Ҹ£ˡ
޳ʣǲʱڼң졣
ǣÿæµֻҪػȿĸĸס
޳ʣÿæʲô
ֻ֪˵ֻܶ飬ҵ²Ҫʡ

ŴͻˣӶһһվЦʲô˵ҲҪ𣿡
˵Ŵϡ

±ڰ£ŮĸױУֵˡ¬˺þã̾Լ࣬ʹԹķڿңǿʲô
¶ĥ
޳̼żӣ˿һףֻʣ׶׼𣿡
սƽѣƽӱںӱΪռݲһ˿أô򣬴ͼǴ޳˺ӱѱϵķӺ
ܵʵˣҾܵͬߵıǳ걸սѪıǾӵΪǰְ̣
£޳̶а취תĴ¡

л˼䣬˵ºЪŰɡ
˵Ҫȥˣſڣȴֻͷ˵֮
ȥЪŰɣĪҪ飬ϸ۾
ϰʱˣԹԵͷ޳̻Ǿ

ȥ޺Ժӵ·ϣ޳ʣܿð
Ц˵Ͱɶҿģֳϰˡ
޳̵˵˾䣺жĪҪһԺĿųԶһЩ
Ǹûд־ˣ˲ģֻҵļңҵˡ
޳̣
޽˵׵׳־ҲУҲСٳϣԶԶĪҪǡ
޳ŤͷŭȴӺ޸֡Ҳ֣Ϊմޡ

ϸ޾ϸչ׵ã򣬻˼ĸ̫̫Ѱÿһ˶ϻ˼ΨǺ޸һ
ֳͬչ˵ˡ
ڼһ䡣
˴޺̸ֵܶеˣӱˣЩһŲʣֻţʵˣŻ
޺Ƽģʣ֮ʲô
˵ЩҲˣҸǲҪǮҪݣһתһ
޺ƵûǴ޳޶˵Ĵ̶

ʵЩˣлɴʱʲôǺѾ붬ˣҲ֪ϰϰߡ
һֱǹⳡƽ֮ս˵һ޳ȥӱǶɽƣҲûħ˵ģĺӱƿɲ֪Ǹӱ
ƽԭǿֵصĺõط
ɢɢ˰ޣֱ󣬴޼ֵ˵ǵĴ֤˵£ĪģҦ漮ϵҦЩ飬Ѿչ˴ˡ
Ԭƹı˵ЩаţǸӲ˵󻰵ˣЩǰ£ʡֻҪܰɣӲԬƹʲôֶΡ

ڶգٹټУƽͨУٹУ޳׼ݸףһ·ء
ԷһۣշתɳϽѪҪôͣҪôʬ
ܲϲĳ׳ҵıֻƽ

¥Χмļңңų
ų¹ĳ˺ܶ࣬¼ȵۼݱ֮ƮҡסλСײˡ¹Ľ֣̫ĿͣҲ˼С̫ŮˣѾĬľҵԼõ·

СʣǴ޼ҵĶӣ
¹磬ңңţǰɣǸöɡ
˵ǷֲǴ޼ҵһӡ
޼佫ңײύཻҲҦͬǹѫҵ佫
޼ŷҴ岢֮ס
ܱ޼ҵ״

֪Լ˶ˣͷŴ޳̣ʮ꣬һսƿ˾֣˵׼ٵǴλ
Щеûġ

κ󣬳ٹɢվңңŶߡ
ĳˬע̫ƽֱѰվ﷢㶣Сʣ磬ڵĸ𣿡
ļЦЦʲôû˵
׼޳̳ϾǺӣӾϸǴ޳Щ׳䣬ֻꡣ
ǵԬƹߡ
ƣĶǣ޳ǰˣ·ôߡ
޼ô˵ˣһһľꡣ
ﻹţٲã޳غ޼˶շת·
ҳӾҳӰɣҪžͺá





117.  һһʮ   ½

޳̳, ޼һ˱Ųһ֮ǰղżҵӣÿ̫̫ԺӸ̷, ̫̫, ߿, ŪЩ, Լڳ𾭡
һֻ֣˴ǰʻÿն̫̫Ժ, ¬ϺͰڼ, ԼҲ״սͬѰÿֵŴĸԺŴɻ

̫̫οĿ, ĺӱ޺ƾ鷿￴顣
ЦճĹﲻæ𣿡
һ𣺡ÿվ鼮, ǰʦ۵伮ϵòǡ
һ, Īӵĸо
ͳҲ֪ĸ׺ͰôˡҲ֪˾ʲôʱ
Ϊĸ״Űȥϵؼ档

ֻͣ˵ĸ꣬ȥĲ, ȥɢɢҲá
ֵѵõе, Դŷ, ˵Ļ̫̫ʣֵֹʲôأ
˳ּ֦ﺣģȥ̫̫İ, ˵⼸ֻһֻá
̫̫֪ĵĲҲ׷ʣЦǺǵ˵ֻҪãһź˭˭ҫ, ˭ãҪ¡
̫̫˼Ϊ̫̫˵ǻǸܴˣǴ𳤵ϱҲԸТԵʡ

ʣ԰ɣ
׼ӦĽվ⣬ʣôˣ
λгɾѰ㡣
ĿԺţͷ̫̫˵ǲĸˣĸɣ˿ˡ
̫̫Ц˵һ̫ʲôŰһȥ͡
ŴȳŴʣĺ𣿡
˵δذɡ

⣬Ҧء½Ӣ˹ϵá
ֻǺΪ˼̺󣬾Ͳôˡ
ȴԺӣ½Ѿˣ½ְͣҲôȥֵ÷ˮĸ֣վǰŸˣżɽʣ˵Ҧر˾ˣǲ㣿
Ҧػ˺ܶѪûҦˣǰҦѾս

Цʣ˭˵ģ
½ʵ˼£Ҧ־ټǨϵһһȥ̫˷ʱ䣬ҲҲˡҲôûˣǰǻһȾˡŶʮ꣬ôܣ
˵Լѡ·

½Щܽܣ˾໰͸ˣ
ʣֻһ˴
½ֵϣ״ı鿴ԳЦ״˱ܻ䣬ֵܣ˵ҲǸö̰ƣҲгϢ½ûĵĶ

ԺûˣĽ˲裬˲к˵½ȱ衣
˵Ҳ˱
̾Ǵǰۣ½ȫƣҦʵ⡣

Ҳû˵ֻ˵Ҧҵ£Щӡ
½һšæ˵壬ҲǮʲôֻҪ㿪ֻҪ½ܰ쵽Ҿ޶
ЦЦǴ޼ҦҲûʲôͬҦֵܣѵͲֵܣֻǵãǰҦˣһŲҪʡ

½Ŀò˵ᣬҲ顣û뵽һҲǸ
ȰЩľƾȥֻҪ˻ţûʲôܡ
½Բƣ֣ؾ½վ㣬ǰҿˣֵܣֻҪ½ܰ쵽ֻܿڡ
ЦЦˣЮԱ£½Ҳ̫ˡ

Ҳ½⻰Щˡʣ񳤰𣿡
½ҡͷһţ޷Ǵﵹڣ͢ȱǮ֪¡㸸񡭡˵һ룬޼ȷʵЩ΢

ֻ֪Ц˵񲻱ţЩʱղڳ߶ˡ
½˵Щ³ç˱Ͼƣ˵ǼץŻ˿и⣬Ѿˣ캦ˡ
ЦЦǾЪһЪ˽ơ
½ʣںǲӰ졣
˵ҵͣˣҦǰһҹҺһҹƣսҸʬҿɲս
½ϵ˽ӡ˫ֵݸţ˽ӡǮׯȡǮǷġ
ʣ½㲻ǷҵġҦҲǷҡֻŲҡ
½˵
ǰ̣һĴֻ̡Ϊԭ˹սң߹·Ƕ࣬ҲǶࡣŲǣҾǻСҦȣЩҦߣҲܿοһִȥַҸ㡣
½˵˵
ۿ︻Ӹ磬ǰŭߡ
ǣľȻһİƵ½

½ʣȥ𣿡
㲻Ҫˣ˴ȥ
½ͷԣһȥ¶šҶҡ
ЦЦ˵û£ȥҲ࿪һûжʲô̫ƽǾ͵Ƚ̫ƽ֮գĻس̫ƽʢ
½ӲĻ˵Ҷѻ

ɫ߰ɣƼˣ˵ٷ㡣
¬ߺ󣬴˶СԺĳǿջˣǻһЩлɽ̵档
һǴ㣬һǴŹǣţ
½˿ڵĲˣֻϡ档
Ҳֻͣ˵λԳʳһ϶о
½ûס
ׯǸСӡ

½ɻʣλ½ֵ³ֱ֮ˣǳ֮ˣ
ֳϣ³ֱ˼Ǹѵõˣǰǿˡ
ãֻ˵˵̫ƣ紦ֱ㡣
ֻҪΥģﵽĿľͳɣ˵ǷöƢûС¡ֻҪֵཻ
룬ŵͷ
ʣɱ𣿡
Ц˵һߺսңزˡ
Ķݣһߺʮꡣ

Цкܶܶˣÿһ˵ľ㶼ͬÿһ˶й¡ֻߺԼ·ʣµҡ
㲻һֱҡ
ͷЦʣô֪Ҳܣ
ʵȻţû˭ҵֳһ㡣

ͷ̾Ŷδмʮӣʲô
Ŷһµ¬дġ
լҪһЩʱգչ˺õá
Ԭƹ˵ʱȫڻϵᱣ֤İȫ

ţĵ룬ȥôöûлɣپˣðˡ
дţлɣãׯ˶ãһжãֻҲáյۣ治ˡ
ʲôҪܣҵǷҲһϢˡ
꿪ɫãסɽʲôҪܣֻȴѶ˵׼޳̰ˣ㲻ҲӲȥӹȥˣһ·ȥԶߵҵﻹܴպϣﲻУ͸׬Ǯ

ȷɧˣֽϻѾһˡ




118.  һһʮ   

޳սϢ˪촫Ϣ, ܵı䣬оΪ˱
˪մϢ, ޳ǳս˷, δʤɱ
޺鷿оһϵͼ, ˷ݿ, ǣڹ⡣˵زת
ŵͼ, ʣսΪȻڲݸʡ
̫, Ψһȷǣ޳𹥡
޺ȻҲ뵽, ֪̾ʱʲô
ʱ, Ǽоϣܲսһ
˺ܾ, ʱĪǢ˭ᶯֵ붬սҪӺܾá

лں, ÿ̫ƽ, ͻȥ֮ͻȻ伣, պͣ޶Щͣ, ųȥĳݹһͻ˻ԭֲûսĽδػ䡣
лɲ̫޳̵ֻԸǼ°ɡ

һºʼ, Ҳٻˣվɥлɸ飬ҵȫϡ
ÿճѧĺյ㲻סðԲָͣ
ůﲻĲҲˣǰׯյæµʱʱ򲻻Ͻ߶ʱҲĵЩԵġ

źӱս¼ӽݳرԽϸ񣬴פݳһ֮ǰնɢö
żȻ֪лɵģ˴ţѰոŴˣնлȫ֮ʡ
ڶһɱլлɢͷڷͼɫôķ䣬ֱĿɿڴ

һţֻСһϵԲֻۣխСյϸϸݣһͲˡ˼ɫƵӣüĿ㣬Ҳóжɫ㣬Ϳ
Ҳֵܲصô

лɾƬ̺ʵϳˡüʣǣ
￴ˣתͷͿͼ
ʱ󾪣־ӣвʣ㵽ʲôˣΪλҺĵͼ
ͼԽԽľȶͼҪϸɽӣɽڡ

лɱͨ죬ʹţ˽ʹš

лɺòǲвԼܣͼǸ˭ģ겻˳ץͷϣҲ㡣
ֻСӵǵͦСˣƱء
лʹһۣ˼û£ĸ硣ȥݺ
лƽױһ٣ǲžһţץŽףŭĿĶ
㲻ͼ˭ģܽͷأ֪ǴĶ磬ֱ㶼пܣ
һ׺ҲԼЩˣǵǸ򲻿ܵģĽȥӴһ䣺ͣȻܵŮˣ͸üһЩ
лɱ񾭲Цˣʣ㵽ʲô£ʲôˣ
ˣܳ£ǲǣ

лûֵͦܵģʮСåƵġ
ĪţͲ裬ӵĿлɼ£ʣҵˣ
ҿʵڲˡĿĴεˡ
лǣվ߸ܣ磬Ӧø˵

Щ£ȷʵд磬аүǰᣬֻ˵Ͷ硣Ǻãܰѵ磬ʲô
磬Ÿˡ˵
룬ǲǰүҲǳӡ

ʣ˭
лɼСˣʣ𣿡
ţʣǰСãǲǣ
ֱ㣬л󣬿챻ſˡ
лɱ񾭲ֵûƢˡ

Ŵ˵ȥԺòã
һĶڴϣôСޣţʣﶼʲôʱģôûҶ磿
лɣ˺ܾˣǼҲ̫ƽҲҰһִø㡣ʲôҪʵ𣿡
ûһŮлô˵ģǺ˵л񾭲ͷ
ʼնʣүأ
үȥˡ
Դ޳ûиûֻǵͷ
ؼҰɡ
ȥҡͷҾͺͰ
ô£ôûˣ
л˵Ҳû뵽磬ʹŵķ䣬˵ƺͣ£ǻǴԲѵԴԾӡ
ﱻ˵Щ߳ŭˣŮˣôŮˣ
㲻òģ𶯲Ҿͳɣҿɲϲͬ򽻵
ۿҪˡ
æ˵ɾ˵
ǿסˡ

粻̫л㣬ԵҲˡ
緹ڶ᷿İ˱κӡ
緹ͿʼҲ磬Ժô£
лôͷŰӣЦ˵ȸūȥ˵ôɣ˼죬ĵһˮ࣬˵ǲˮ͸Ժһ㣬ȷʵá
۴ɣˮ࣬оģ
лɣôҲ⣿ң
Ůˣ˵ôôء
лɲŲĳë

׳Ķ类лһͨѵſţʣضɣ
лʣȥչ棬չʳӣ
ˣ
ŮҲ̫Ѳˡ

ȴߺ󣬴ǵģүĴȥ𣿻᲻£
лɺдţ磬ô
˵üЦ

޳ս룬΢ʣǴ˻ǱȽֹ۵ġ
һЩʹ̫̫͡ʹͣһö谣ͺʹ޺˵Сǵ¶áųϢ˵񶬻꣬ĶҪɻ顣
̫̫̫̫Ŀ
ȻԺӣ̫̫˵ǽˡ
Ц˵Ǽûġ
Լ

ԼҲʶˡæ˵ҵӿںȥˣɲ
̫̫Ц˵ãСӣôȥ˸ȥ
Цû취ƫƫǸ츳ֳһճɵס
̫̫ľȣĪЦ
˵ȥ㸸ƽ˳ǵԵǴ޼˶ɲһʧ

̫̫ͦģʱر塣
лϴɫãʣȸūֳϢ𣿡
ȷʵûлx䣬ʵ˵ȸūãֻǻûлϢԶΣ˴š
лϿɥͷִԸҵʱҲ֪ʡʡģӦøϢġ

æȰصǣ˼յϢһ㡣
лϵĶѾˣл֮ǰһͨ
룬лɴſС
ЩɥҲûɵģʣôˣ
ҡҡͷصһֱ֪ҲֻǴ˵粻׼˵ʲô˵
ɽճĹļѧʿﳳˣһ˵Ұģսսö˷ݡ
ʱ﷭ҹżͷβ
˵޼в֮ġ




119.  һһʮ   Ĵս

֪ʱÿֵ, ԷҲοʣǳʲô£
ҡͷ, ԵԼСƵ, ί͸߼ҳ
ҲҴ, ֻ˵Ҫȵ, Ȳȣ
ѵõȡ
һپư˺ſ£ͷʣ, , У֮ġ, Ǹô죿
Ц, Ȼһ֮Ȼ뱲ңڵĻ, ҪȻô죿
Ҫ꣬Ҫˡסġ
⻰ɲܸС˵ܲ˵ġСѧǾ, ס
ЩҪ˵˵, Ӯ, º˵˵Щˡĺ, ǶСӡ

Ľ䱳ȥϢãյ޳̵ļţŵǾеĳſڷ·ûˣţ澩ܵ, ޳̵ս֮ںأãôѰһܵѡסҲҪȨơ
û״޳̵˼Ÿ޺ƺ󣬴޺Ƴ˼Ƭ̣ţ㲻طš
ʣе˼أ
޺̾˺ɽϵ·áû
ЦǱˣò
޺æ˵֮ԡ
ķ꾰ãַ֣飬Ҳ˵ùȥɣǹ飬Щ˲أø·֪Խңǲǡ
޺û뵽Զ˼ô󡣴޺񶼸Ŵ޳̵ĽŲ޳ƺ󣬵ȥ޳̽·ôߡ
Ƕ˵ϰߣҲԸʹȻ

˼Ƭ̣˵ȥ׼׼
žͿʼ£սҹȻǺ¡ϵ̫ãδؾǺˡȨΣȨ֮·ѪɺӲ̾͡

ܹϣÿɲ
תڰº󣬺ϵͺӱ֡
޳̱У̫ԭǱչؿڣԱ󳷣ߡӼһ
ϢóһƬȻոƽľֿʼӿɣȵӣӵƽϲߣȵֳֳк󣬸Ӧ˳ӦƣԴ˳ֳһš

³ֱýȥȰ޳ּʱɴ޳̵ļλϵΪ䱣ݡ
⼸ռĳȥΪǰһҪȥ⶷峿ſסʣҪȥ
ﵹҲʵҪȥСá
ϡ棬ʣСӣ
Ҳϻ˵һʱͻ
Դպÿնȥʱ糿ʱæꡣ
лҲֻ˵ܰǺҲƽϡʵϲ֮ǰµҪÿȥڽһЩ˴Ҳôˡ
磬үҲ㣬𣿡
лָͣ
һۣҲ̫ûˣͯ޼ɾͲܿЦġ
л̲סЦͣ

û취ʹ˵Ф游ЩҾ˾ˡһ
ļ游˾ˣ˵˵û˵
ǴҲԸ׽ˣ䣬׾ܽڲϣСļƣŵôУԺӵߣлɿЦǲֹ
޼˹ﶼһĳǾʱӣǶ׵öǰҲ
˵ⲻǼҷŴ

糿СӲ𴲣лůתƣ⼸Ҳ֪ůĺôˣԻ˼죬ĻʳԵҪϸһ͵ǰʣ㿴ʲôأ
л赭дׯڣͿǵġ
ﲻǸʲôģЦ˵ָ⼸С磿
лһ֡ɵ϶˵һۣظо裬ʣʲô˼

лҡͷûʲô˼û
֪ȴ˵ҽղģͼˣۻģʲôӣҲôǽҪ޸ܵġһЩ㿴Ҵɩ䲻˵в廨»ֵġٿ㡣
лɵ໰Ѿӿˣסˡ
˱ۣллˡ
лͲˣԺѧŮӣú˵ҿ㣬ϸһˣ㡣
л߬߬ȭͷĬһʶһʶ

˵ҲԼĻ˵ĴˣһҾƶŮӣ˵ǷծףѾԲһϷġ˺ô򱧲ƽƣǼϧһļϾʹյһˡ

˿ȣ˵ǶΪá˵Щ٣ҲһСӹȥ˵ˣһˣҲҪҽһġ
л̾ǽвһӲ˵ˡ
һѾԲˣлûǰһԣĿˡ
̹Ļس緹ˡ
лԼૣ޼Ŵ̶ʽµҲ档

緹ʱͰջݵˣҪڳտͼҲҪһȥ
Ȼ֪Ͱջϲա
ǰܽ๧־̫á
ҲҪæȥˡ
лЦʣͶйڣ
Ǵ׺Цɾ̵ģ˶ɾҪ־£Լȥ
л룬ûöԷű׷Žһϣ
ռģʣôˣ
лɰڰ֣û¡
Ц˵ȸū⼸պͶɾǳ˲ʮΡ
лЦɾЩڲͬ
Цͣ

лʣĵˣ
涼̹ˣټҲ깤ˡ
лʣϢ𣿡
ճƬ̣Щ鷳ɾǲ׼ǻȥġ
лüʣʲôˣ
Ҳľƶһ飬лܾöû˵һֻȥľġ
µģȰסûԴֻӮ
˵Դ

лɻװŰһȥݳĲֿ⣬ֿ⿿ţ˵ǰŵĿⷿǨַͿˣͨɾ
лɿżʮ׽ֿ⣬óϣϸӵϸϸʡͼĬ˲ᣬǴļ˶ڲֿ⡣
֧ѵһ̶顣
лɽۣⷿߴĿִⷿĿⷿҲʲôˡ
жǮ˳ȥúóһ٣ǮĴ󷽣Ҳ飬ų˳ȥ
лɿŲֿףʣǳս³Խ鷳𣿡

õ˵е£ͻ֪ġ
ĵ̫ˣϺӱһ𷴣ѱطЧ£Ҫסˡ
лɲ֪ǴѾ˴޳̵ţѾݡ
ûϵңͬһ˷
ܳĴս
һʤһյĽţٲǰķ֣ƽʱַǷжͥ䣬ӳʷԷŸ㡣ЦŴк̫ƽҡ
ѸߣҲƽϣֻЦ˵͹ҡ




120.  һٶʮ   ½֮

ϵһ, Ĵ壬Ϻӱƽ͢һţƽŶʮ, , ȫƾǼλ, ȵ۵׵, ѧʣɽ, ĵ
Ļ̻, İյķ󶹱Ų۷賤, ñ
޺ҲЩ, ʹüŮȥѡ
ʣȥ
޺˵
˵Ĵ, 볤ﲻҡߣزסĿͻ, ɱ޶ȥܣ
Ŀǰ˵, ֻҪ޳̲ᷴ, ȫĵط

սҲϣ佫ٻ, ٵģҲвٵġУ̶̵ܳ·˾ͷһ
գӱڰƵۣΪ
ȳյϢѾˡ

ǰһ, ѩ޳̵ı˷ݣ˲á꾩ҲΪ
Ҿͻ𣬳кް취
̫ڶգ¬ϲڣ̫̫Ҫȥ硣
Ʋ̫̫·ݵЦ˵֮Ҫ顣Щ¶㲻ȥѵͣѲƽˡǶƽҲİ˷ǲܻغô޼Ů죬û£׻šǴ޼ҲҳӣҲ־ܵˡ

ûɵľ̫̫⻰͸Щζ
ϣ˵ˣ𣬴޼ұл͡
˵Ҳ̫̫˵Ťͷͳȥ׼ˡ
̫̫Ϳڹиʧ޳̾Ŀ
ӱѺڻϵĸڹ¡̫̫Ǹ޳ƾ֣ɴ޼ҵҪ̫̫ƾ֣Ҳ׷ͨ·ˡɷˡ
ⲻǸð취Ʋ

̫̫Ժӣֱ޺ƵԺӣżɽ˿ĸʲôҲʣţǱҳȥһˡ
޺ãȻʣôˣ
ȥ籣
޺ƶͼʣȥﱣ
ѺҾȥƹܣҾȥǴ޼Ů죬һ׼
Ҫи˵͵޳̳ǰľƿɲͬ

̫̫ڼ޼Ů˭׼ţ˳û롯ȥ˲ȥĵط
Ĵԩʱ򣬳ȨҲң¹̫Ϊ׵ȵһɵףȨҴ壬·Ĳݡ
¼ҪסСӵλãҪսȨκ̫ӣֻܺͳ¼֡

¶Ĳִ٣ԼҲû뵽޽ҡ
ѾûдǰӺݺĴݡɫ㲵С岢ã̫߰ҽԺ˶
һĻȻοùãСк󸣣ᰲ̩ġ
¹ȻһЦԼô뵽ٳ谮һҲתۼ䣬ͳһա谮ѾȥˣЩȨȥˡ
ĸӣԱܡ
޽ң⣬κ˶ӵĶֻӣͳȵΨһҲֻӲʸǸλá

ɫȻ˵ҶûмҵСӡһСꡣ
¹ţֲŲ裬޹⣬Ŀ
ãֻø˳ȳţ߬ȭָ׽ۣСܾ谮ֻ֪̫ƽ̫ƽʱǶ谮
ǲ̫ƽˣעᱻġ
Ц½֮˳ǵٻȥǸССߵĺܣҲЦ֪ν
񣬵֮ضѾˡ

֪ҽ׵ʱյлɵš
лչͽܡ
Ŷ̶仰ƣôһ仰ң
лɸдһ룬Ƕûмĳ˵̫࣬˼̫дûûˣһ䶼дˡ
֪ԸˬڻһϣţȻһ仰ûиȴǧļǹǸҰͽܡ

룬ͽܺأʲôûУ־ء
лɲ֪룬Ҳ֪æʲôˡҲ֪ڰȫҲ֪òá

Դ֮ûὫһϢֱӷݳֻһߡ
лɴӳջһˣ񱼣һ筺ɫӣ쳣ĿҲ磬ֻӡһͲ
СļĿãԶԶԽԽֻøˣҲ֪ܴСӣĺܣҲˬĺܡ
ʲôӣһ㶼Щ߯ˡ

ߵߵţлѾ˸ǰ
һüʣҪȥ
ȷ潫Ŀɷнµ˵ճѲӪղעЩиˡ
ߵļ͵֣лҲƽһ񾭲
Ц㲻òġעⰲȫһûʲôҪš
ѻ˵ЩԶ
üͷһ壺˵ʲôҴʱ㶮ʲô
лɼҲգЦЦ磬ȫǿƴɱ
лЦ֣˵ء²ҪƴһǻѪӿڼҵ㣬˶ڵ㡣

ڶԶˣл˵Ҳڼҵ
Щ߳ܣܵŮˣܷ롣
ӲĻأ˵ʲôһæţˣ
˵ߵ˱
ܳȥԶֳ֡лĿԶʧЦЩꡣ
ȥůժˣл˵ҿˡ
ҲϲǸЩ³çĶˣ׷ʣ𣿡
лź˵Ҫǣҽǵʱˡ
񰵵ˣ˵æҲ֪ʲôʱҲæҲæҺþöûмĸˡ

лɶ˵Ϊڴ̣ģǴˣҪܶ¡û취չ㡣˺ܶණ
ÿγȥЩСƭ˵ġ
СӱϾú塣
ȴСǵʣ񳤰Ҳ֪ôˡ
лȥ

½֮⽭أµ治ͬ죬ճɱȳĵҪ⽭رĵģҪõöࡣ
½֮ﰾһ࣬ƽʶݽ棬Ҳʶ֮ɹ
⽭زԣ켣䡢о
һ࣬ڱܺãնʶЩĬѵһĺù١
ֻûл䡣ʵ˼ܻ¡
͵Ů쵱
ٲǴǰǸһȸūˡݵЦЦ𣺡ǵڱأһزȥ
Ц˵֮£ȻǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ
Ƣ˵лԼ
ֻǺԵֲɢˡ

룬ǲȸū̫磬Ҳ̫С
£û档ڳһֻȸֻմմϲ߹·ɽĹ
ӿʼʹˡ
յҶ׵Ϣĸд֪ġĸ̾;ԵûжЩûлŮţ˵׼Ϊ˸ˡȫǺڡ

ú޲ֻţңǲܳáȵ۹ȥ̫ͻȻ¼ûȨ˳һʵûá
ңǴŮˣȸūǸλã˵׼תһ
罫ЩˡȨҲã鰮Ҳա




121.  һٶʮһ   ޼

, ԽҶȨԽǼλΪгΪҡź̫Ϊ׵һ, ҲΪʦ, ռͳ
̫, Ʒھ, һֱƷھ죬Ĺپ켸Ķ
޼ŮʼձŲ, ޳ս, Ѻڻϵϸ, л, ޼Թ˲Ͼ
޿֣ÿϳ, ϻ
˴޳ıŴ޸
ļλòסȨûȵ, ͳ˺
ƽ̫, ¹ĸϵ, ڿһգƽǻΪۡ
¼Դ˺Ҿѡ

¼, ޳̻ؾֹ࣬
޺Ƶ˴һգһֱڳׯϺ³ֵ¡ϻϢЦ, ¼ҰŮ޸ңȴҪҴ޼ΪЩûˡ
˵ĻЩ٬Ǹگ

޺ѵ⻰˵ûˡ
ЦЦ˵ո׵˼أ
޺ƣ㸸ɲ̤һ
Ц˵㸸ײܲ͸磬˶õġǺ͸ϣĳ͢ɲǴǰĳ͢ˣϦģɽһһϦ¡
ƶ޳׼֮ʱ˵޳ºְЩĶ࣬˵١ͬǣ޳ǾһףְǸɰͷ
Σǰˣܻ˰ȫСٲҲǿԽĵѡ
޺ƺһݣңݸıܲסĴҾĳ͢Ѿݸʼʧء
ݸ֮ǰӦѾóȻԼı

գ̫޼ҵʹʹ˳ǣ޺Ŵ޼ж¹л
Ͷۿ̡ʮ궼ˣЩƵС˱ϥ
ߣޱͬ޺ƵĲ¼ԸһȣͼѹˣĪ˵ͼ֮ѵȲˣѺ޲Ŷ롣ɼǿ֮ĩˡ
û𱰵ȼĸϵĽɽҲǻϰĸ
Ůһٶô̽ƣʵЩᷳˡ
ٽ˾©ʱ

ûеȵ£޼ҵʹԴԴϣ޳̵Ļźܣڴ޼ҼҾ죬ôͳȥ̫ƽ
Ĵ뾩
ΪҾ̫ƽǶͳȥĺá

˼һ죬ȫ߸ܡ
˺ܾãʹ޺ʮ游游ȥ꣬ĸ屧游ζŶ档ʮճǣ֮š
޺üʣ˶ߣ

ŰɣǶȥɣһٿǵȥ
޺ƣǾüСš
ǲʮ֪ʲô߰ɡǧʲô־Ȼ軰һ
ֱӰѴ޺û˵ڵĻ»ȥˡ
˵ǼҵĺӣǵҪѪܿСˣû˻ɱһѪ·̫ƽ̣꣬²ʡ
޺ƿһƣɫһʱ޻˵

ԺӣѾڵˣʣ磬Ǽңǲ̫ƽˡ
һ˵ٹһʮˣ̫ƽʮȻǸСӡˣ̫һûôྫռŮ춼լ棬СӸǡҵ˵ʱӦǡ
ŵʣȥ
Ҳ׵˼ȥݣ̫Զͽȥׯʱ³տǡ
лѣͷ֤ģ˽Ұɡ

ֵһϣ棬ϵ˵Ըºͣļֵ˵Щ治Ҳȷʵûʲôԡ˳Ƶۡ
˵籣أǶŶȻȫڳˡ
ʧЦЩûǣ֪ˡ

ҵĳԷŴĻɵ죬޽Ҳ£¼Һҳ׾ѡǸ²ܵˣһĲ䲻ȣſɾͲһˣԽ˿档
ŷŰ£׼Ű벽ԹԡѾ˷檣ÿն緹٣ײ˵οĸЩǿ˲Թ
ֱЩжĿݣûǳ¼Ůǳ¼ҺƲ

ϸˡ£һԺܵһ˲ôȫĻػһ䣬÷·汣ӡ
º͵Ĵ֪ġ
Ĳ䲻͵룬ȴܡ

ʮ죬˿µǿմʦ̫̫ǩģ޼Ҿټһ档
ִ̫̫̫޼յء
Ҳ磺޼ҺҪʣҲʲôȴˣֱɷˡ
̫̫ʣأߣһڵϣһţθĸ׽θ㸸׽
ЦĸЩǶɡ㻤šȽĸ׸׹ҺҪʱĸػһ
ֱ̫̫޿κΣߵ

ڳţһģһڳĿջš
޼Ů챻תڳϡڳһȦׯ
Ժ磬Ժ˼٣лڼҴţͬ³һտׯ
ůĲïʢлѾ˶ֲ˵ļܣˣʹҫԴȥ˳Ĺݣû㡣
һСȫûСӣġЦ˵أ
л̾ȥ˺Ҫæ괺Ĵ£˲Ϲˡһû˹ˡ
³ʣȸūÿվһţô˵ˣ
лѱҴҲգεЦ˵³ͲһСء
³ĻƣЦ˵ǣ㻹Сȸūǲ
ʧЦѡ

ׯ徻޼ûдˣϱڿ죬ǳһ㡣лѲ죬лУܰЩ졣
лѼ˶࣬Ҳͷлڼʱǲ׼ģлɲڼңҲʼ㣬³ѧ⡣Ǹƻʳǵл˵ҼҵİҲˡ

лÿնųϢ³ңꡣƣŽɣϻлĵţͼ˵ЩЪϢɣϸ۾
лͷͼʣ˵𣿡
䰲οᣬнй׻ҡ
лû˵ҹֹһΡʲôϡġ
ܳȵλǻԵɺϣλ̶ܶʮأ³
˿˵ǲţһȥðΣ
л̧ͷ˵߲ҹվͳ






122.  һٶʮ   ¼

󾪣ʲôĪ˵Ҳ㡣ҾǸҲ˳񲽲ؿ, 䱸ɭϣ޽Ѿˡ
лʣ
Ц˵ҲҺ˵, ɱ¾, ˲Ǻܺ˵
лʧЦôܾ˵, Ǽ, ҪҼӡǲȻ, ΪūΪ澡
˼, ҪΪռס˵͸鷳ˡ
Ų˵ʲô, ֻҪ˵͵е
Ҳ˵޽ȷʵ
лɲ˵ǵܵܵ, ҡЩĻ

˵˵ʵڵ³, Ҳ֪ʱܰһҶȥ
Щ˯, ĪҪЩˡ
лɼĪ, ֵʣͰԲˣƢô󡣡
Σôܡ
лɺͼֽ, æµԲС, Сû뿪ңһ˶˵廪չǣϾԶ븸ĸҪ֪𣿡
䱻˵ľȣ˵֪ˡ
лɼ, ЦЦҲ⡣

գˣлɼһһѵУʣôˣ
Ƶʣô
лڴȭڶʵãǿ塣￴ſţĥ˰죬°ʣ˭ѧģЩ˼
лɶͣʣ㲻ǳѵӪȥʱոǺæôʱ䣿

һˣΪڹġ
Īҡ
лҲȭˣʣҹʲôҶܡ
ȭҡ
лɿܾҴȭûұˡ
ԾȭЩȤ˵Ҳ֣Ҳ
лɼ˸ʡ
лԥƬ̣ںüơ
һŮӲͬһŮҪ׳ֳҲС
ȫȭȭ񶷼ɼʵòڡ
ȷʵȭȭ⣬ֱҪͲòˣ΢΢ȻռϷ硣

һȭ꣬лɾûͦġ
ûȴ˵˵ȭҽ㣬׼ƥس
𣺡֣
лɱȻθߵһ
ü񾭲ɤſš
Ϊͣһڣߣ·ͱնɱˡ
лʣѾŵֵزǳأ
ﲻ˵˵Ǿˡ
һȥġǰĴһǡ춯ȥǡĪҪڣиʧҲú
лʧŶŤͷ׼ط䣬ʧʣȭţһһңȭе˼
лɣ֪ˡ

ֽ죬ԹУƽǻ񷨣гɡ¹ĻӲͳƣ̫˺ôƢһԹٲ˵پһ
޼Ůߵ֪̫޼ֻʣʹ޺ֶˡ
ֱ̫֮ŭѾˣ̫һɲҵ޼ңΪ޺󻼣̫Ʋ˳Ʒϵ빬Ѻһɵˡ

¼̫ı졣
һȨڳ¹
ò¡
֮ߣѾ֮⣬˺ԼǱ֮ϣԽٴλ񣬻ϵҾѾƽɽϵϵʷնɱڸС
Щʱս̣Ѿȫͳȥˣȴٳٲֱ̫ڹкյԬƹϢѰȻˡϵ̫ƽ񲻸߶

ϸţȥҦѰһгˡ
ԬƹԳһá˴ߺͻȻڣ齫׷أֽ˺١

޳̱Ҫһڡ񣬾ͿǸڡ

ǳ޳̷ҲͷˡֻǺǣ޼ҵ£ôôµס˵֮ڡ
Ҫ

ϢȫԬƹǸˣͷ
ĥһϣԬƹŻһ⡣
Ϣ޳̳ӣڻϵݴʷˣ֪

ʣµľǵȡ
޺ÿս꿪꣬ƽҪǻ̫Ѿߵ˾·ֶԽԽݡ
Ϣ¶ʮߴس

ʹ޺ҹǣںǵȫ򷢵˽ׯϡ
Դ˴޼ҳ׷ˡ
һ̫նɱ¹ϵ׹ơ
ŻӣƽǻĹΪ
һ࣬ϲ
ձųһƬ̫սȷˣ¼ҳң¼ȫѺ

ϢǼ˵ģҲˣֻҪ־ءֻҪⷢ޵λϡ
Ϊ̫¡ȴǸֵˣŮ澣ơ
ĵޢǰֱΣε۶Ǻ죬Ѫ
Ů˺ĵĿ޺УֻǵãȥʱֻԼˮһĳ

ʱŮţ˵ץ⣬檴ſڵ̨ϻȥ˰ֱҲ̶á
룬ҲǸˡ

ǳ¼أ
ǳ¼ұնݳֶŹĹĸġ
ķĳˡ
ڻǵһ

þõĿʶ㶣Ů֪ʱˣſ˵ˡ

ͽˣɫɫҲƽºͣüĿ侹ȻҲȾɱ֮Ȼİ·ʶ
˵ʶ벻ġ

ս˵գȥȪ徻
һᣬûˣȻ֪ȥ徻
ʣǳ¼ˣ𣿡
벻𣬼˵˵Ȫˮȣׯϻļܡɫá
ЦЦЦţ϶ᡣˣ˵ԺҲסҶˣЩʱպúϢ
ս£Ů˵ϸտ

ţɫˣӣ𣿡
Ӵ𣺡ˡ
϶Ƚ檵Ժӣվڴǰʣ˭ȥŷ˵ģ
¼ˣ֪ˡɪɪͷϵ˻Ѫ
ڸģɾūˣūɡ
룺㣬ɱҵĺӣ㣡
޼ˣѹ㲻ĸ׳谮Ǿĸ״ɡ
ڵﶼʹɫȴǸģתվ죬һ

Ů˵¼ҵ𣿡
ŮҴһԡ
ʣôˣ
Ů𣺡ɾŭˣ˽
˵Ǻܽһ
ȴٲҲˣȻ˵ɱҲɱˡ

¶Դ»Ī벻ɽ¶ˮҲ׼˿ܴ檡
˴󾪴ҹ׷鷿Ǻ⣿¼һҡ֪ŮӲҶӣĸҲǻͷ˭ʹԸԸ⣡
ίдϣ䳰ȢޣΪҪͬ⡣
ֻ˵ĸɣͬգ檲ֳ֣¡ĸײ͵ûˣĪҪƽˣûҪ
˱ԼСӶµһ仰Ҳ˵
ע̫ˣٵǲų
ûתڵԺӣԺſɵԼԺӣ׼˽Ӵ
ণûעһǽԺǷǡ¼ҵ̨󣬰ƽǻǴ˵Ҳ˳ʼٰٹ٣ԺʼּЩȲòĹԱаԹҡڲĹ٣˳ⰲ

ʹ޺ѾǣŴ޳̵ĵϵһȥӦ޳̡ݻϡֱ״̬һʱûʲôߵ·
޳̵Զȷʵãʦ£ֱȡǡ
յţЩġظ޳̵ǾѣǸϸĶͽʺġ
ݿɹ򳤰ǡ
غʹ޺ܶ裬չٺʲ
׼ȥѰ޳̻ϡ
޺ƵԣҲֻ˵Ƕڳ㶢һЩҽų̿죬͸һٹ
ǹƥԭ߾ݱ߾Ѱ޳̣ܵĳɣʣµĶǽӺ
޳̼Ҳȣʣĸˣ
ﶼãİɡҲãֻڻϵҪЩۡ
޳һȻ֮ʲôûʣҲӣӶھ̸⡣
ʣֱȡأ
޳̶˵
ʣͬĳ͢кηֱ𣿡
޳̳Ŀ˵ΪȰġ
˵аһƽϺӱûգڲҪ졣
޳ʣΪΣ

Ǿǲ˵˲״򽻵
ǿѶ֮ڡһƽ£ðչ찲ӡ

˵ļ棬ʲôɽʲôҲᡣô޳ûЩʧ
û뵽ҲãɳϸľƣֱӱֱȡͬʱС

Ÿ³ӱϢϵ׵öˡ

һգ³Ҫ˹ҳһɣ޳ȱˡ
òӦ

¬³һ˻ˣ¬ϻﲻϳ¬ֺϼԲãȻһƣۣҲˡ
лɱҲû꣬˶ˣһֺըС⡣
¬ϱǧϢһգǺܺá
л²ۣҲǣôͲͽҪ¬СԺ

֮ǰȥлɣ³ߣ¬ϹʧɫҵʱСⶼˣģ
¬ϣ۶ˣҪ¬λףĿͷ
лԭܲܽ¹ǣŲž顣
ǲִ˵ܹϵܵıﰮ⡣
¬ҲۣԽϵշת·;ңԶ⼸ղŸϢá
ʹ֣ܺôĸ׾˸Զ
¬̾ҵĵĸҪȻҲȥϵĸִȥҲ֪ôˡ
Ȱοĸײü񶼺áֻǸԵΪ֪
¬Ĵʧɫʣ˵ĵ棿
æ˵ϢǴģҲȻֻ񲻺ö˵
¬ϲ׷ҪµıҪ˵һúõļɢ崦˭Ҳ˭ͼʲôأúõĹӾͲ𣿡
޵ˣڻ̾˵£ĸֻˡ
Ҳ˵ҲˣҲĸӨӨ㡭
ﱿ׾ı֤ȶȥɱ˻ˣͽǻؼҡ

лۣλԡ
ĸȶ緹Ҳˡ¬ļҳҲɣ׼ң̫ô󡣰ڿѧ洫˷ǳ
ˬ죬Ͼнֱ˵¬˲ؾнȸūһ˱ϣҲľ͸
¬̾һΪŮģҼҼ֮δ䣬˻ڡ
˴лˣŹֵĿлҲû¡
ȷů￴ˣŽʣĸײϲ㣿
лûʣʲô
ʣܵ˼أ
лʣʲô˼

϶ﲻϿһ˲űֲ˲Űģһ˿˿֮⡣
֮ʮֵ΢

Թ˵ģǲȢ㣬͸ҰɣҾίῴ㣡
лɴԵƬ̣һĲ˼飬ְԲ趨ллŶ
ϲɫȰ˵˵Ů֮һЩѽ⣬ҿҲҲؾһˡ
лЦʣ֪ôص𣿡
ﱻ˵ȣǺ˵֮ԹޣĸƣòǳĪƽϡ

лɾ죬ʣǹϵͦõġ
վſڿĵƵ˵СĸţŴҺֳáСʱܰճǣҰ׽ŪӲƽϡ
л̽޼ҵ˽£Ī໰ʣ˴γǲΣգ
˲ɫŮӾ͸òļ£Ҫʲô¶Ҫ
лĺˣֱаЦá
ҲüƽϣУ֪ˡ˵ͱ˵ˡ˵˵İɡǴ̣ܹǵǹۣҪЩĶС¡

ĵ±׼Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ս֮£סҪˣıܡ

ģĪ泩û£սˣʮ꿪ʼߡ
лɿٵ󽫾
ȴȤȱȱ˵ɱԼʲô˼Ҫƽͻʵġ
лɶһҪߵˣǲǲͬˡ

Ҳƽֱаˣʣʲôʱ
һҵȻĸ׺ͰضסҲǸ¡
û뵽ľҲ֪ЩƵˡ

оھб޳̵ʹÿϢʱ֪ĺֵǽǣ۵ҹںʹ޳˵ʮգʮǻϣʱ򶫣ǴϣֱȡʱǸڻֻⳤǲô򡣡

޳̿ŵͼһ
̾ǳһԸž͡
˵һ룬˳ֻҦڻϵҦйĽ飬ȴһ㡣
ǰ˰ҹ۵ſڰϾ˯ȥˡ
ȵڶһ磬лרȥ֪ȥս¾ͰȻˣԸĿһ㣬Ը̫ƽһЩ






123.  һٶʮ   

л¶ʱûж
̫ƽ, ҪȥƴɱѪдµĹ
¼ұնɱ֮Сӱ̫, ƽǻ, Щ̫, û, ֻҡұڷ˼ϣҵϱԴ伣

лû, ¬ϴ¬һҺʹȥ˶, õĶˣͬǼС, һЩ, Ҳڣߺʣлɺ, ͼ³ȥˣٶ˰ͼ͵Ĳ£סǰԺȥˡ
, лɾͲٷ, һ׼, ˵ĳɣ⼸ʱһֱæµ, ԺŻǻ
лʣɽ
˵һִסˣҲԣǴ׼õģǡʱͻʣҲɽ

˿, ˵Ŷʦ˵سǣСȥɾ׼⼸Ҫ룬ˡæͰȥ
лһôϢϸƷһ̣Ųµ޳̵ͼˣȻ˫£ȥƽӱֱȡ
ڵľ칥Ϯ
ʣʦأȥ𣿡
䲻ȷ˵Żȥɣ⼸ҼʦߵˡΪҲһȥ
԰вֹһεľ֮
лɵ˵ȵңȥдţʦȥŴȥ͵ûд

ҵģҲдʲôõĲԡ
ű˼Ƭ̣Ҳֻд
ҽţǼϲòʮţܳس֮Ϊ̡ǿΨп칥ΪϣԷءȹ
ݵϢ

һʱ飬벻ġŽ䡣Ȱߺûһô³ôˡ
ߺҲŲͼʵ飬дʵ鱨棬ֵء
ÿӣʲôҲʣ֪Ѿַˡ
޳٣׿޳Ҳǲʹһ˼ҹϢ˰ͨ죬սų̿켸׷Ŵһʹ޳̻Ϻ󣬿һҹĻᣬղǾеˣЩֻӰƵģվڴ
ĶλǣڴεĹӦ̣ܲμŵľߣܼžӰ޴
ΪṩͲߣǲ;˴򽻵ʮֺΡ

½ǰҹպʹסһʣʰվͽͳȸūš

׼Ѱѵˣʣݿɺãû˵ģ
Ц˵лӼɾƽϵġ
ţ˶̶̼䣬ּǰĹɫҴҼдµġ
ţЩε˵лɾ㷢ƢҲҿˣĺҲҡ꣬۳ׯеĹա
Ц˵ɾҲΪǰ̣Ҳĳ
ЦŲţһ㶼ϡ˰㲻˽Ųϡҡ
ռ˵£ʣɾлҲأöġ

ȴ˵գңȨƽɽҪҪĶ࣬Ȩλٻתȶһֻһ
⻰˵ļءҲ档
ĴһͣȻһʱʹ˵ʲôˣôŤͷˡ

Ͱһҹݵƽ޲͸¶죬䰢˵лζɾֱֵ֣ʱٸ˲ǸƢ˱˴ʱҲһЦ֮лɿɲһһΣ׷һͨ
ҲплСȷʵѰСӣ͸Щаԣ˵ǺɾЩ񡣡
ЦԵ˵ҿɲһǿˣһСӣһɾر͡˵ŽŲ𿪵ݸա

û˭ҵСӶЩȤлɵţղ˵ҿлӻƵͼܱߵɽòһĿȻ
ϲʣˣ
յû뵽ϲ
ȵڶһ˴Ī֣ȴʲôû˵֣Ҳû룬ΪսڼѹҲƽϡ
޳һװߵļνڣܵǼɢֱ˲ͬĶ飬ıΪ竷˾͡
ٺ󣬴ݺ󱸾裬ոĸ֡
æתȳǰҹѰ£һֱôˣѪҺﶼѪɱ¾
һĶ࣬ü˵ҿҪϲơ
οҪץʱ䣬ҿûա
֮˵лˣҲˣҲСˣóɼˣĸ֮ǰҲ߶
ʧЦĪתˣȻҲ·˿ʼЩҳˡ

ĪлɸдţȻҲʼĽ˼ǹŵĸо
ʮսЩ̫죬Ѿܾûлؼˣ˼ĸĸ׹ģݣǲǼҡ
ڶһ緹󣬾ӿΣ޳ΪУŴӣһص˵ӱͽˣý㡣²СģΪڳ㡣
һɱñЩء
һʹ˵Ժ˺þƣȡǴЩͷͷ֮ǼˡսҲӴܣסؿڣ۽պʰסӱ㹦ɣ֮ĺϵϷ

һ޸֮ھСЩĪҪǸסҹٺúúһ
Щź˵ʲôԭ򣬱ЩܣգҪܺúúһ

ҲܾűԶȥ𣬾лҲǶ֮²ԡ
ʱԶȥıȴĬԸ汣ӣƽ

ߺ󣬴޳̾ӿΣоҹֱ

л㲻׼ӣĬĬԤţºڵϢ˼ĪӺձ꣬ο˵СƥһԳ
лɺò׼һʣʦϢ𣿳Ϣ𣿡
䲢֪սȫ׵˲ߵġ
ͼͶֻ˵˵ˣǳ½ͻˡ
ֻлյĽǲμˣμ޳̰ˣصʱμ˴սˣþò˯

ڶȥ¬һŲ֪¬˵񳤰һţȴһڳҲܾౡ֮
лˣ˵ˡ






124.  һٶʮ   Ƴ

޳³ȷʵʹϮ, ֻ˲ա
޳ôˣоһպ, ʹ޳Ҵռһ, ̽Ϣ֮ϡ
޳̲׼
ռӶҪִ, æ˵, һ˼ɣɾʲôҪĺ˵, Ҫʲô, ʲô˶ԡ
ȷʵ߲˵ƺ, ޳һ˵ʹ
ճǰһ, ȥׯ, дŸ㲻ҪǣЩǾеȥׯвʮˡȫȥڵʱĸ, ҺͶ˵
սʮ, ǿҪҪϵö, ںЩֱ꣬Ѿˡ, ȥɣҪɾεͷ⹦ͱȡ
ʧЦЩȥ˵ġڶҪ³ǣûңʵϵ, ҪµġûӣܳĽɽҲסǷˣͲĴٹ˵¡
ȴ˵ɾǿҵġǶ¾Ͳһٹ˵ġɾѲɻҪغ𣿡
֪겻ˣǧﱼΪģ˰ģҵ

գɷҪû׳־Ǽٻ־ڴˡȨλȻǺãһӾôҲԸһӶˣֻ밴ҵԸһҲֻһ
ռα̾˵ɾˣټ
˵ټ£ֻûҲǹܸͣıǵĹ켣
ʹ޳һϣļλҲ˵Ľ飬ĳţͨΪף˲ϸȸűࡣ
дţðմȥ
ճǰɾǷ֮Ĳޡɾأڳǵ㡣

պ󣬴޳פأһٽǣһţ̫ܻگ޳Ұġ
޳̻벻⣬ûں
ĳԹ٣ϭģ޳ҳӣηĿıõʦɴȴ˵Ƿ£̩أӴ°չøأԹʲôɾģſأǿԷˣȨͲҪ̫ƽϣ˲ʲôҪûôĺ¡

޳̱˵Ȳ˵Щƣ⻰Ҳˡ֮þһ֮ǰ̬ȣ
öԴĺãҲĳޡ
˵볣˲ͬ˵𱰣ɼ⻰١
⻰˵ͱ˼޳һҳģѾһΪǸλá
⻰;úܼ
ׯϵʮǣҹ޳ͨţһʱ֮תȸš
󹥵ţһƬ֣˹֣˷Ż˶ƽһ۾¥Ӧ
һţ
ʱžȻرˡ
޳˳ǣֱ⻯ţû뵽ֱ̫ӴӴ̨ųӣźӡ
µǻİƽŹ֪ˡںԪһŹŮǿ޺Ӵܡ
ߵ̹ſ󣺡£һܰɡ
ЦЩ񲣬ЦᣬʣȥҵŮˣô˵䣬ӣкڣ
Լ˵꣬ԶĻ⣬ɱ¾ǿ޷Ц棬к棬ҪûҪȨûȨң
һĽ̫ˡ

̹£˵ū׷£
۵ͷһۣૣȥɣһѻҲ꣬͵ûҡ
ôޣū׷¡
ҹУԪ˻𣬻죬Ⱦ˺ҹվȸŵĳǽϿλãǹһλ˻𣬵Ѫɱ۵ʱ˶ܵЩˡ
ֱڶһ磬Ĵ˻ʼ޲ƺ󣬹˵ǲ࣬ĵطʵǶࡣԪվ
޳ʵǰƽ̡ԼŵĻ𡣡
Ѫһɱ֮ǵӴͲһˡ

½˵Ҫһˣ
޳̲׼񵽴ţȥ
ŲЩŴ޳̽ĳǣϵǲһġ
Ҫϵص˴߸ţþʹ籱ϡ
˵Ҳܴ޳׼׼Թǣƥͳȥˡ
лɵׯϣ޼СΪڳԺΧ˸ǽıߺǶپ֣̿㰢Ҳ¡
ϲˣ磡
һСմѪϲ֮־ɲ
οⲻҵģҽǺ˵һ׹˳ǡٹЩʱյ̫ƽˣǾܽˡҪ¡
̫̫ӷ𡣡
Щˣû˵лʣҰʲôʱȻȥݿɡ
³ˣԶˡĸ׾Ȼ˳ǣֱһ

ãһˣȥӴԬƹȥţǴҦ˱ϡЩʱһ˶ûУ׽⡣

ʵڵȴϢ
緹ʱһԵģ̫̫ʣ㸸أ
׷æ˲һˡ
̫̫ҲٶʣлϿöˣҲסҵԵʣ˸̬鲻ˬ˵Щʱնɲ٣մ궼ûкúù¿ܰˡ
ĿҲЦ˵ٹЩʱգȳﶼ̫ƽˣܻسˡ
̫̫ȴ˵ǲҪׯ̫ƽҲ徲
ЩɻȨλ

ҲȰЩŴ޳ȥģŵġ
ٻسǣѾرУ˵㡣
ûӡЦ˵֪ˣЩʱæͷˣ쾹Ȼ벻ˡ
Ц𣺡ҽɾȥԭ
ŶЦԲסˡ
æ˵ɾô˵
ҲæôƵĽȥˣϣѾĲˣȥҴҵˣæŽ¡Ӳ̡Ϻӱ£ǲס˾ƣòʱȺ֮鷳ˡ

޳̺µı£˭Ҳû뵽ǻճӡµʱԤ£ͻسֻû뵽ô׾˳ǡ
̫СӶӣõ˼Ȳ׷ɱжġȰºлʱ׾¡
½һֱƫǽϵֻⶼֱʡ޳̽ͷţʣĸɰã
ûͷͷ𣺡ãֲտɽǡҰҦ˸ˡ
޳ʣҦУ
ԡ
Ҧ佫ңҦһƷĳӴҦһò
޳ȴΪ⣺ǸŮʰĻӣҲʲô
ԿܲΪȻҦҲûʲô͵˼
ͷһֻۣ˵ȱְͲҪģˣһģģҪáΪ
޳ϲģֺ϶ͬĴǻۡ




125.  һٶʮ   

ż, ½ûбŻǾ˵ӱ
˵, ޳̵, һĹ, ֻϿ˺ܶ, ߵȻһȮ״̬˷д˿˿ǡ·է֮, ʴӡֻд, ڹתιۡ

, ȥſڽ, ˶ڲУ̧ͷŹܽ, ΡΡʳǣȻһ㣬һ
ڹ, ʱʱ˹, ʣʲôʵ, Ұɡʲô˵ģ˵
ĬĬ, ʣǣ绹ڻϵأ
ЩЦ˵Ҫȥսºʱ̫ƽˣͣ¡
ͷԶĹ, ˵ȷʵĿԶ

ЦأҪȥĹݵĲ¥ȥ𣿡
Ĺ¥һڹ
ۿտǰɵ˵ȥװɡ
޳̻£ǳûϾʱˡȴŴȥ޳̵İȫǹģղ񣬰ٹڷǳı̫ˣĹԹԵŲмԹٲڹǰ޳Ҳᣬ˲Ҫˣɡ

Σǰڹǰַ޳̵ԹˡҲֻǿۣʲôû˵
Դ޳ʵǸνϣ޳̵ʱ̫СˡǰҴҶգϤټѾӸλⱾЩƮĸ֮飬˵
񣺡ס
޳̼ߵ࣬žѵʣʮ꣬Ѿꡣ
Ҳֻ֪ѧʼãĵûʲôд
ԴĽ

ʣĸɰã
ʵĴ𣺡ĸﶼá
޳̼ЦЦĿһʱȻҲ֪ʲôˡ
廰˲ᣬҪգˡ
޳Ȼ˵Ľ½㡣
ܾɣҪȥһˡ
޳̰˵Ҫʱ򣬳Ÿհҹܼɱ¾Щܱ⣬񳤰Ļ̡̻

̾գͻˡҪ£һҵļҲеҦǽƴɣܲͻе֮ĳǴƵʱ򡣶ϳٹ٣ǸĿˡ忪ͲҪʱеĵдʱҲǰʱ򡣡

֮ǰܾô죬˵ԼΪʵ̫ˣԦ֮й֮޲
һָо·ô˵˳ǣ·˵ҲˣȨλĲԡ
׳Ŀ磬æ˵̫ˡ
޳̻ɫϾС𳤵ĹصļãЩġ
ϰָӽа峳ۣһ㶼˸飬ֻеǮºҪϰֺãرķǮ
Ц޳̳벻˵ˣҰɫˣɫֵʲôֻ˵ҵ¡

ɵˣû뵽˵治
ֶ˰Ѵĺ׺˵˵˴ȥ¥ȹȥһ
۸ˣ޳Ҳ˵ȥɡ
ԥƬ̣ˡ
ȴһߣͱ˿һ·ҲûʲôġֻһҪ㲻Ҫڴ޼ǶҲ⣬ֱ˵ĪҪвĸ׺Ͱϣס
޳̱һͣŭɫԶ׼Ҳбľ⡣
޿֣ûɱӵĵ

л󶨵ϢǶġ
ڸﲻ֣ðԲлɡԲЩ˵үҪسˡ
лһ¬ҪسʣϢˣ
ԲʵҲֻ˵ү˵ùùڴ˵Ⱥ򣬵˳ٸĸдšøڳǡ
л󶨣ˡ
󶨵Ϣûգʰȥ˺֣ܰũҵƹḶ́ûеƽԭģũҵ¿ʼҲµս

ʰȹȫˣֻ˼̴֮̾ǰҵ٣յæµùˣ㻹һæµʱǸͷʱСһ
лɹ˵ඡ
ʧЦлպҺͰһȥͱȥˡȹЩʱس³һڼңҲġ
ʲôĵģһ˶ء
лɻǲ׼ֻ˵ȥģֵʱ궼زң䲻ˣﲻˣ
סˡ
л֪̫ƽˣҲ󶨣ܷĵȥˡҪһ껹꣬Ҫ

Ҫȴϻ𡣴Ͼһ¾Ȼøסƹܳ񡣵ȴ֪ѾѲ¶ˡ
ֱ
һ֮Ǵ޼ڷͷ˼ϣ泼֮˵಻ܱ⡣ڻϵ˵ǵľգųҪȴǰĲܶµס˵֮ڡ
ӱ꣬˵ãǷСĶɱˣϵˣ仹òʲôë
ȹţԼžˣô£
˿꣬лɵˣֻ

ڴ󣬴Ҳûɫˡ
Ȼ˴ţ޳̳Ӻɲ͡δ˵˶Գˡ
ŵº󣬵ǵĺʹ޳˵ҪҪҺȥһģǸ顭
޳Ƶģ֪Ϊʲô⸱Уƫ˵
ֹǻǹõġܲ쵰ǴԡֱĪ졣
ü޳̲׼Ҳ̫ĺܿô

˶ɺˣǵ̫ˣ㰢ոֵһ֣æû꣬У֮ĪҪƢǰڹˣ
˵ǽ£ͺˡ
㣬ܷڣ㶮𣿡
ЦһǸ£˭˭֪ôʲô
ú˵ĪҪСƢóɼҵˣ㿴㣬³
ŲʯӵĹƨǱ֪Żںһ궼һ棬ƳҸ˭ȥף
ˡ˵̫ˡ

ֱǹ˭˭
޳̶䡣
һŲţﴫŻ¼ϸݸ٣Ϳ¡




126.  һٶʮ   ܵճ

ͬϢ, ûôģԭĵţ۲Ϊ齫ͽ, Ҳ, ǹϽʮʮ˿, ˿ܶȱִǲ, ¶Чʵ͡
æͷ޳Ҫȥƽϵ, Ҳֻ̧ͷŶ, ޷Ӧ˵֮, ں˵¡
ʣҸɵľͲҪ, ˵׼ʰ׼ȥϵˡ˵ôɣ

ʵûⳤ·, ˵ϧײ׼ҽҪȻҽţȥ游һ, ҲЩ
Ŷ, ԭǴ޳Ϻ⡣
, ڰ֣ȥȥɣǾȥ, 㿴ɣûʱ䡣ս⣬Ҳ߱Ͼһ
Żһ䣬漱Ҵˡ

û뵽ͱ޳̺ˡ
񳤰, ȵĸҴڳĶȥܸ㿴ţҲġȥɡ
һ仰û˵ͱ򷢳ˣҲưɳһζˡԵʣ׺֪ˣϼ棬Ͳȡ
׺־Ȼ̾Լٶۡ

ȴߺ󣬴޳̴ǰóӳȣûôҰĵҲڴʧ׼ͷûϹ¡ﲻһʧ
ǻСӿ壬ôҲ棬ҲƯֳҲ
ñݵӣһվڴǰ꣬ʣǣ
޳֮̾Ը̫غ񣬼֮Ը̫թ
æ˵ɾΪأТ򣬶ɾս鴿ƣɾΪ˴´ֿգǶ֮
޳Ҳף˲̫̰ġǻ쵰ġ
Ҳֻǰա
ĹЩЧյĽһףŽһпŽȰչһ֮󣬼ֳռжҪѾûս֮Ļ̬֮̿ˣ̻ǿʼ⣬رأǾ񣬳ĴҲǣǵǻָһЩ

Щʱո㹤ռҪӳʼҪܿغã˰˵׼ܲũϿٳ
С߰죬ÿ飬۵ŵͷ˯ʴ⻧ʲôãЩƶ˼ҸűŲЩңȴˡӶũ

βһãʣù֮ʲô
𣺡񡣡
Ϊ񣿡

۾˵ȨȻǲɻȱΪأ֮Ϊᡣһλǰ˵ġСڸ磬ûмôˣϵ࣬붼벻ġ͸оСȥһ˼伲࣬Ժкôֹռ˿ڣȥȥ
Ȼ𾴡
Ҳӻд꣬ŴһԴʣʧˣѧ˼
ҡͷ
Цʣôˣ
Щѹ˵粻סǰֵеĴǣһ糺Ĺۣͷ·µˡָԽ򣬻ӳⷽ٣´ǰӿӲɽ¶ˮƫζӳ¡ҾȻһָоһ
ʧЦСô£ôôױƣҪԼҲҪ£ԼǶԸҲҪֲìܡ˵ļҲ̫ˡ

ʮлɣлһͺãӵ٩ǮӹӣԼһû󣬸ǮͻԵľͳԣһ㲻ˬ졣

̸һϣֻԼǳڶһŵ˾߷ȥˣѵʱ䣬׼ؽһˣ˽޳̵ĳӶˣ鷳ˡ
빬ڹſǸԹ٣Ҳʮ꣬˹ǲˣع˵֡
Ƿһ£ʮֵĽڼҪɷ̿֡
ͣסƬ̣̣˶ˣ
̵Űˡ
˿Ҳͽȥˡ

޳̺ͼλ£ˣڼϸˣǲǵ֮פغӱЩ꣬ʵڷ֮ϡ
ｫʮͣһ֮ڹ⣬˲õˡ
޳̴ţϵ֮Уغӱ
˵˾˻ѵò̧ܡ˷ƫϵĲӣЩݡ£ҵܵ¡

̫˺ͳеûд޳̵геļλϳʩѹ׷ϣӴ̫
޳ǻķҳ֮Ȩ
˭ȭͷӲ˭˵㡣
Ĵ㣬ϵɽϵҲϣϾ˼ңԶıӱȻˣǺƽһǹؼ
۲ӣ߰˰ĶЩǱߵ½ˣμ¡սϵóҲʹʡ޳Ŵ
²ӣýʣ𣿡

æ񣬴Ц˵ʷмӣһûüлôֺ˴񡣡
ñ٩û˵Ǽϲʣʲôʱģ
ǲ˳ۣ̲˵
Ҳƽİ̬ȣͣ׹ҪγЩգ
Ļ
ıԹ֪ԹȰ˵ĪҪˣ˶æһңˡ
Ŀ˵Ҿֻֻ֣ٸҰţҲҪǮ¶ͻǮԸģҾǲԲ˯ҲɲôĵİԺ¸࣬㲻˵㲻α˾Ͱʹ磬ֵܣҰɣȶϸˣһȦ

޳̱⣬վ࣬ʹ޳űЩۣ󣬱סϵı飬Цˣƫˣתˡ
Ҳ̿Ŵ޳˵ɻԡ
޳˵۱˭֪֮࣬ӲĲУͻ˷ӡ
汻˵Ĳˣڹţ鲻¡ǵܵÿոࡣ
޼϶Щţ¶С
޳̵Ĵֵ꣬Ѱͷӣ̲ʣýˣ
Ҳ᲻ã粻ҽ
޳̿һۣҲ޳Ǹ˾⹫˾ķչҪ֤ߣҪȻһꡣ
˵ҿǱߵӣϾʹˣ˴ǴɣΪ°ɣ

޳̾ѾˣƫӶǴģ˵£Ρ
쵰ôۣˡ
ϣƽ˵ֻ˵̵ҲҲϡ£һӽţֽںȥ߲ͦ꣬־ˡ
˵Լ˵ӣǺֵصĸˡ
޳ʣأ
ͷ۵˵˹ܣϹģϳҸ㿴ˣҴѲɽĻһţ¸ǳһЩһҿҸ˵ǰͷٱɱֵǽ
ʵҲ⣬ϾǰմģԴƣȻЩظơ־˵̿ǼٵģǴ




127.  һٶʮ   ũ

޳̵һ, ˵ûûС޳Ҳƽϡʣǵˣ
޳һߣ˵, Ҵ̸Ӵ, ղ黧, ̬Ȳ̫ǿӲ, ҪˮܣϾǲͳ, Ҳʲô, 㿴úɽӣ⼸, ͱڳʲôˡЩ, к˵⡣Ҫƽ, ¶أйǰԹпʿ, ˱
˵һס˵Щ¶Ժ˵, , ȥƽķ㿴š
ѵõĺ˵, ޳Ҳ˵úڣҷšͰͽˡ
æ˵ɱ𣬴㻹ѰĴ̵ɡ
޳̶־⣬һ˵ѧʻܽʲô㲻˵Ƕ𣿡
԰ڣϱѧ, ϧںо֣ճһô
޳Ĵ󾪣ʣô˵
޹˵Ҳûʰ֪֣û£æȨ˵ˣҲǶ˿زӡ
޳ũ֮᲻ӡ
ЦЦǾͺã˵ǰҪȻҲںƽԭֵ
޳̶ʣ˭ҵŮ
Ͳˣܹѡˣֻд޼Ҹʣû䲻Ǽһ˵
޳̺ʣĸ֪𣿻֮£˶Ϸ
ĸȻӦʡ
޳û˵ʣССͣⱾ£
˵Ŀұ죬ε֪
޳ֻòܺ˵Ҳȷʵûʱ˵Щ˽£𣿡
ûˣôҡ
޳Ϊ̫˵ҲںڳضãôҪ˲ˡ

˹ţ˻ڣдʣפƬ̣ʣصĵǴܳĵ
˼ӹһȻ촽Ƥˡ
֮Ҳ֮ʡ
ķ˻ֵ̿Ĺ󣬵ͷ̧ͷ
ʣΪɷüʳѰԵķΪ˸𣿡
ҧνĵ
˸ֻ˵ֻ֪ϵˮֶأ˷ȴǮ깱ͣսνĵ
ͨ죬˵
ֻ˵ҲĵҲףֻ֪ðзԣ´ҵĵڹӣۣ֮ĩҲʮ꣬Ǿ˲ɣйǾ͸ͬ¬ʦһ㣬ͬĩһѳǡ
˱˵ֱķˣϵݸ˻ԼΪãΪˣĪ˵أܳһܵĴڡ
˵국ˣʼնûôˡ

޳̳ǰûУ͵⣬޳ʣ֮أ
Ϊͣȥ⿴ĸˣϲˡ
޳֪ԼҲգڼ²ãܣЩˡ
ŸףЩȣҼˡ

ׯϣׯ˺ͱפأˣ³Щ棬Щ֪̿֡ԴӽлңĪ˵˺ӣĶȨ
һ꣬Ҳˣ˻Ժιūæ˵ǻû˶ȥˣҰ׼緹
˶⣬ԶһƬ̣ѾˣҲ֪лôˡ

лˣڼȥ˺һ·˲Ÿ·ƵͼԽԽ󣬲˱ܱߵĵͼ˺ϵĵͼ졣
ƽԭȻ鴫˺ɽɽ￪ֵѾˣֻþȣ治
ɽɫдУָԶɽͣǳǱߣƽﶼɽͬɽ¡ĪＫóǲ˶ĺ֡
лЩۣ;ıۣ۾᲻ͣ£Ĵ
˴壬˼ϳˣʣĪأ
лɻɵʣʲô
䣺壬Ȱն곤
ĪһźͰһ׳˶ϲʣлӣ
лɿ۰䣬ͷǡ
ĪЦ˵ȺʱˣɾҵȺ򡣡
лɽͣסЩʱգг̡

лʣĵطԶ𣿡
ĪԶ˴ӣɽϿȳȥ
лɿԶɽͷЦ˵Ǳߵ𣿡
ĪЦ˵ȻǼҲȥˣǱߵرҲʱ
˵дСıǺ졣
лֻ֪ӵղܣвܲΡ

һǴտ
֮ǰ˵ȥĪȻȥҲܲΡʲôֻҲܲΡ
˯һڴתһ飬޵ĿֱִִСڹ㳡Ͽ䣬ΧСֻ

ڶһ磬ĪǴϿȣǰһƬĿ֮أԶĵطԼԼ̻Դ
лʣͻʵı߾жԶ
ֻٽĲݳɳĮټûˮԴǨˡ
һ·ߣ˽ʱſԶķӣԼɼķǡ
ɢɢˣͳƬķӣˡ
Īﵽ˺ʣܲοڣ
˸ָָǱ
л˩ԺĪһȥѰˡ糤üãĪɾ˵֣ճܸһ
лЦЦ˵ȷʵǵģصͬҪЧʲôֻܺ˵
˴ʮӣлɿԶڿˮЦĪﺰܲΣֻһʮ꣬ʮֿ˹Īʣôˣô
Īܣֱ֣ʣɾġ
ܲĴΪ棬ʣлӣ
лʣҲǴˣ
ܲףЦЦֻ˵ڿˮǻ硣
лɿ˵ˣˣȵһٵһ꣬ܲˡ
ܲΰ˵ˡ˲ֵϤ׼ʱ

лɿԶˮ赭д˵磬ϵϣżġ
˼ֱһļϣлɸɻЧʣҲûʲôر𽲾ģ鹦Եʡ
ȥܲθһƬﵥ׼һԺӣĪƷԺȻ˿ССġסڶݣӺС䱧Թô޵ģôôСڼסȻݻʡϻغϸıϯӣڵϡԼӵӲ˸ϡ
лʧЦôֲǲܳԿࡣ
ȴ˵ȴ᲻ðԿࡣ
ڵϯӣ˵䣬ȥȡ죬㰮飬ȥѰյƣһŴⴰһ£ܳɹɹ̫
߶߶˵û꣬лﶼů⡣˵ס˶ãҪЩˡ
ִ˵˽Ⱒ㣬ﲻգ϶ߵġҰ㰲ٺҾߣҲ࣬¸㡣
лʵġЩǸСġ




128.  һٶʮ   

仹ϯ, ˲ľذƵģлɴӲ棬оͦġæ˵㴩Ь, ˡ
лɿ˴Ժ, ˵ʵС, 㿴Ժ, ǿʱԺǽһЩٻݡͦݵġ
ͷۣΪȻ˵ûǼԺӳ, ̧۾, ԺѼܳԺľһ, ղŰݡŲ֪, жá
лЦ˵ǵȳǱƽ, ͻؼҴһʱ䡣һȥ㰢ү
̺ϯӣϵɴʸҺãһ, ˵ʦ˵æ곤¾ͻˡһȥһˡ
лͻȻ˵, ְѴ¸, ׵Ҫˡ
˸Ҳż
лɻͷ˵Բż, ԲɲǵǸЩٵ¬ҵСŮˡ
˶˶ٲ˵¬Ҳˣ㲻õġǡ
Ȼǲʲôǣû˵
лЦЩˣ˵ûµģ籣ý, Ҿ͸㱣һʧ
ЦſлˣЦĸˡ

ܲлɽŵΰԺ˺ˮ˵ҰջܲǳˣǺЩûȥˡлɵԺеĺ˺裬Ц˵лдЩʱûôˡ
лЦ˵˵ЩĶ࣬ǹµʱ䳤أż
ܲЦ˵Źлֵı¡
лЦ˵굫Ըиճɡ
ܲȴ˵ȥµѾȥˣȷʵ֮ǰҪ׳һЩղܿ¸˵Ҳء
лҲ˵վһԸʱ¹㲥Ҳ˳Ը
ܲ꣬ɲǵֵ˻˵Ļ

ԺˮֱͻݵĲӣɨЦźͲܲ˵ҹվͻݣҰͰչˡסʲôˣ
ܲЦ˵һžҼңٹȥطǵˡҲǹƫˡ
лЦЦֻ˵Լ֪ˡ
ȰȥлɲʼæµԷǰĴһԣʱزˣʱ﷿˻ԣӸ֮ġлɵˣܳһʱ䶼ϰߣԵҲ࣬ǸӦͦǿˣԶٳԵ㣬ϺóԵʱŻԵ㣬һ£綼׼ˣˮҲ׼ˡ
Ͼſ˸̨˺ܶ࣬еĴżеûСܲξûУһ˸һͣв
æʯͷԼʱһһţۡ
ȲʱͶˡȫԼԵġ
ڸڵ﹡˿һƬأ˺ܶˣµʱһΣ˸׼ͺܶĲ֡
ƹϾһƬҲһƬ
ɫ߲ˣҲһƬ
µݣÿ峿лɶһ
˳Ŀ죬ֱܸʡΪԱмҾľкӣлʱд֣ЩҾ˼ݣܸлͼһЩԵġ
лɵĲ˵أҲտտڲ˴ժ
Ҳÿվͻȥ

лˣܲһżײյĺȵԻ
л緹ҲûɵлɵĴ
֮岻ʱľ䷹ʱǿ⣬ʱŹǣ˼ξ˼Σ̲סˣʣܲΣǲǡ
лڿŴڴµϻͼԺ￾⣬лͷҲ̧ʣǲʲô
䱾˵ܲ˼־ãŮӣǰĽҲӦõġ
˵ûʲôͦڿġ
ܲܿѵũ£ũ£ֻľ
ֹȷ

ͬ޳ںϵһսЩѣϾǳصġټ̫ڣ޼ұϾԲ˳
ǽţɼ
ѾĵˣӱĴѾˣ͵ǮǱһճɶࡣȻţС嶮ˡ
Ĵ

ֱ죬յϢ޳̼߷Ұ̫Сݡ
Դ˺ϵ˳޳ٺͿɻس
Ĵ󶨡ϲɫĻعæ˵Щ׼ӷ˼ڻع
Ե˵ĸ˵ʡʱ
һʣǷأ
ĸԶݣε֪⼸æʱʺĸס
üֲú˵ˣ˵ɣǴ£
ʣͲʴŰɣҽ¡
õ˼ΣиԬƹ͹ˣһ˼ôôء

û֪̭Ȱ˵ЧҲҪæҴˡ
Ϊ˷ɵ伮˵Ǹִ˵ܵģЩ»ҪʵʣԭϷͱ˰ơ
ȡ˶ţؼҵ·½ˡ
æͷˣлǸҰͽˡ½ºЩţʱֱˣŲ׼˽߶½ڳǵսаȻ

½£ֻþȣ½¿ȻʶŹȣЦЦʣ¬
ЦЦʱĬˡ
½Щпַ·Щεૣ˵ı£ôŮǵ֮
½ңƽӹˡ

Ǹ̽ǳˣǰ˵ľʡ
鵹ǻȥ˵˵½λ֥½ϵˣ½ʹ˻üˣǲϻ
üʣ֪ģ
ͬ켣ڳеԣһ
½֮ѾĽ£ٿǰʫʸ踳ֻʫûһôƽ׽˿Ц
⽭صش㴦ʪȣˮءסܲϰߣʱˣҲϰˡ
·ӳǸʢĿѳˡ

صսҲˣڶȻ˴ǰķ߿лɵĻĺ֣һԼĵԳϵȻҲìܡ
ϵĺʪȣ˸˺ܶ⽭رصӣһЩز
͵ׯϡ³˸лɴȥˣֻ·;ңԶǷѾ
лյ½֮ͶݣѾˡ

óһ㣬ļֱûȱ㡣
Ĳ˵ĲȫˡÿлƹСˣһ죬ûƹˡ
ûܾܾϡ
䱧ŰŹϣԺлƹϣʣĺó𣿡Ͼǰڼңƹϸԡ
л˵ס֪ˡ
Ҳ˵ʦţѾ·ˡ
лʣæˣ
˵˵Ѿ˳ʱͳˡ

ʱͳ˻ӡݻİ
Ͼʼݣǰ붼ġ




129.  һٶʮ   غ

лЦЦʣʲôˣǴ𣿡
˵ǲһ, 絽ʱͳ˻ӣҪȢҹŮġ
лʣ䲻ˣ
Уϡʶı⡣
лЦ˵ʲô
Ҳ˵
лڻ, 㰢ô̶ӿ, Щȥɡ
죺Ҫ, ϻȥ
лɶ, ˵ҲУ, ÷Щ
ʣҿ⿪ĵﶼֵĲˡ
лЦЦ, ĵģƽԭ붼벻
˵˿Ҳࡣ֪Ҫô
лɿ, Ҫǿ, Ҫ꣬ĺƽԭ, ΪˮԴֵ󲿷ָˡˮԴ, ɾֵ

˵, ߵ, лɺ
ܲӽ˵ǴӣԲֻ
һ, һƤ
ӹ˵ã㣬ӡ
лɽĲȥˬ˵ðȥ˵ժЩˣϸóԵġ
ϰ, ժ˲˻ˮֶӣл˺䣬СѧѧˣˮȻ̳ظɣ¹ըը߷죬̳ͣŴнҪģһֱ̻ųеζĴ̱ǵζžֱòܲĿɿڴ
űiЦ˵þû԰ķˡ
лɵöֳһ峴ݫ񣬼ƹϡʳͷǰԺģټࡣһٷͲˡ

ܲȻ³Էˣ˿öֻôݼ䶼ζʣµĶζһɴζ
䳢˿ڣȴ޵˵㣬óԡ
лҲ˵Ƚϲһ㣬缦ۡ
ֻܲ˵Щ̫󾫣ûԹ⣬Ҳû
󣬲ܲλȥˣϴ룬˵ҿܹ£ǲ̫ˣ
лʧЦҴűء
ȴ˵һ֦滨ѹģǼѻοʮꡣ

лЦʣʦɼ𣿡
䣺ʦûгɼңʦֻꡣ
л룬ãδĶ黹ͦӴġ

лɲôʳ£ﲻ˵·СʵҲЩʣ˵Ϊʲô
Ȩ˳ԣǳȨζѷ¡
ϴ˵ͼ˵ƹܳǵĲ񡣵ȶسʱͳ˱£Ļ϶æˡ
лŶ
ѾͼƵĲˡ
ʣµĶЩ߽Ǻϸˡ
¿飬Ű佲Ϊû˵ǽ궼ûʱ
лɣûʱûʱɡҲǴ¡ҺҲԵ֣ԵԵǳҲ˵㡣

һ룬־Щɺ룬ôһˣģһ㶼ɰ
ģתͷ˵պڣ㵽ʱһȥ
žǸڴľ롣
лʣʲô˵𣿡
ǲԭ䣬ΪӺȺӣĲһֱѹܶ඼˱ūӲԭӳģﱻȡϰ׺ͼ뻹ǰղԭĴͳ
лӦǾȥӦͦ˼ġ

ǳҦѾˣһֱǲҦ۹µġⲻݵԭ
Է꣬Ͷʶܱȵġ
Ҧ˴޳̵گس˾գƽһһ˴޳̵ұۣһΪ޳̵ĵǻ׼
Ǵ޳Ǿܾˣȥƽϵء¶̫ƽ˵
˻ǳΪ

Ҧػسʱ򣬴ûʱȥֱҹ˲æ꣬׷Ҧȥ
Ҧϵˣûëֻǲǰһˡ˿žһЩˡ
ȴЩήҲҦؿˣЦ˵ô⸱ˣ
ڰ֣Ҳգһ˵áЩæ꣬һҪغ
Ҧز⣬³ȥʲô
벻Ƶģ˿ڲ˵ʲôϵһмпڣҹ¼ҹһٲץҾûˡ
ҦرĻ뻰Цˡ
Ҳνֻ˵ҵҲˣʣµľͲùҹˡһ٣ҲԲˡ

Ҧعʣʲô˼
˼ǣҪҵĺȥˣ˭˭ȥܰɣҷǲˡ
Ҧæ˵
Цֻ꣬ҵϾǵ˼ˡҦ볯ض鲼Ҳš
Ҧؼֱû뵽ôҪ

ڶվд˴ţׯϺĸ˱һһֱݶȥ
ȴ޳֪ʱѾһˡ
޳һ⣬ָ˵˵˵ʲôˣ
վҦУҦĬĬ̧ۿ۴޳̣ŭҲǸڱ棬ôͳȰ˵֮Щԣ֮ߺ󣬾֮ȱ
ǰǲʣڼ֮ԼˣȻͺˡ
޳̾

æ˵˺СӻݣǴТ˹ʱضҲġڳء
顣
޳̷˷ƢҲ͹ȥˡ¸࣬ǿ϶ҪؾġҪȥء
еĹٹѾˣѾͶϵҦµģѰ˲¡

ݺ󣬼лɲڣ˶zڶһֱ
лΪμӺᣬɽҹ͸ðˣҲڡһ˹űմ˯һա
ܲμһûʱͷߣǰĴϸ˷
л˼£ͷôɢţɿԺԺͲܲγԷ
ʱġ
ŶԺ˻ͷʱΪԼߴˣ˳ȥͣƬ̣ŷӦ
лɼȻиˣ
ֱ׳ֽȥлҲͻˣûüˣͿƵģ˳ȥˡ
ȻּɵɵĽ겻ϲöûˣʣʲôأ
ɫã־Ŀ۲ܲΡ
ʶյɫˣһ档
ܲγɵҼлһûţ͹ʣûЩ
ʣôˣ
лɼɵɵģôôģЦ˵㳤ɵˣôŲˣ
ܲʱ˳ȥлɣôˣ
˱˵ˣɫҲá
˵߽ݣлɿĿת˵ôҡ
лЦЦЦţ˵ôоˡ
ڴϣϱӣĿ˵Ҷʮˣܲ𣿡
лɿЦЦЦžͿʼԣЬϴߣл˵˵ŻǸλá
ֱ˵̫ʲôûȥЩҩͳԵġ⼸վڼҲȥ
лҲ⣬ʣæ𣿡
Циֻ꣬ҵ£¹ܲˡ
лЦ




130.  һʮ   ³

, ȫлɸϣ̾˵֪ôࡣ
лɶЦ, Ҳ, ִһ£ô˵ġ
ҲЦ, Ťͷеɹ, ȷʵˡչȥ˵ҿɲ㱻޳̿ˡ
лҲʣֻ˵һģ
š
лϧ, ʣû˸ţһ˱˼ǧ
Ҳˡ

лɰһۡ
, Ц
лЩȣЩ˯, ôݵ˯һ
ȴ˯, Ѿˣл˵, ˼ڵдһ㱣·, ˺ܾ, лɻͷ, ˣЦʣôˣҲ˵
, ȥվ£˯ѵЩƣʣЩʲôأ
ˮڼ¼
ܿרŶģһ۵Ƥϡ
лɼͼ, չĵͼǰչȣɽһȣҲ֪ڵ£˶á
лʣô

лɼݵһȦ۾ˣʵûãۿɼĲ̫á
ͦõģÿҲûô£ݳżȥʱһ춼ӡ
ԺůԺˮء֪϶һ̶ûš
ЦЦҲû𴩡

ڶһ磬ˣǰգźüƥŲ죬Ԧ
ǴЩõġ
лЩˣſڵϸ緹æ
Ī˰ֻ¹ţ⡣
л˹¹ͷ۵ţһȻţ⣬峴һ²˼ƹϣһ׷
Ц˵ܾûглֳˡ
лЦ˵Ҳᣬ˾ͺ˵
Ц˵⼸գŰǻسˡ
лŤͷͷţ·ûлʣôͻȻҪǻȥˣ

˵ԲͲСˣ˾ڳΪ٣ȥȳס
лʣ㲻ȥ
Ц˵һȥʲôֲҳס

Ц
죬ǳλĶӣںûбˡ
ԾͰ˵Ĳƥ
̾ѾǧƥˣǧСԡ

üЩ۵˵ôʵļҵףͿˡ
лɶЦʣļҵ׵ж񣿡
ȴ˵ֻͰ˵˵˵㲻˾ǣܸ׬Ǯ˰ɡ
лʣô׬Ÿ̫ƽûô׬Ǯ
ȴֱ׳˵ôûУﲻסһλǮ𣿡

лһҭ˵У׬Ǯ
ʧЦ
Ȼǣ˵㿴ǵ֣Ƕһճɣ𽥳죬Բԣճɶҵ˰ɣҲˣԲԣ֣ɵ˰գְɣ
лʣɣ
ɡ
лһҪꡯ뷴ˡǴ޼Ŵ𣿡
ձôЦ
粵лɿѾöˡ
̽ʣʲôʱµģ
ҹ
лɣ

лҲû£ֻǺ˵
ȴµˡ
лɺ˵еֹũҵչ컨壬Գɹģֲǲܵġǹҵĵص㡣״ִбڡ
ԡ
лǸ˵ˣҲɾð񶼶ǴǰĶλߣϲ档
ʧЦëͷСӣȫƾˡ
л룬˵ģҽȥһˡ
룬z˵ȵȣʰˣҲȥһˡ

˿лɵĲ˵أȻ˵˵Ļƹϡ
ֱţһƬ˵أʣⶼлֵģ
лЦ˵ǰķ̫óԣûʲôԵģҾһƬˣ⸽˶ܳԣҲûôܹǽˮȥʱժûȥܳԡ
Զɽ̾Ǹõط
Ҳпɾһεɾϲԭһˡʱ򻹾ɾǷˡٻͷ
лһֱļƯľ£Ͱվ﹡ϣŷ紵ˣлһЦš·˵ɣÿľɫ

ոпЩ⣬ģƬƬյľ󡣡
ЦЦ˵ġԺߵﶼܿġ
лɿˣ͸Щ·ھͲͣ½ŲۿһЦ˵ǰˮҵĳӽˮ
Ͱմţ˵ӽǿŴֻҪڵ˵һճɣǶпܡ
վȵĿлɣлɰڰ֣

ˮĹģ͵磬˻Ǳ߿أлָԶӹȸĻĵ˵򶯱ʮ֮ڣƽԭУǻʵأɺꡣ
ããһƬ˻˵ż
дסգ⣬Ž˴򷢻ȥˡ

ûգҲݣΪ޳¬Ϻʹᡣ
ԺǽһѡȻлɱԹԺҲ߯СˣǻյĿݵŴлָԺש˼ò֪ҰĻͦƯġ
лһֱ˵ǸˣסôãԺһֱͺͺġ
ķԺӣȵĵطûݣԱ߷һССĸףʢһˮƮƬҶӣҰӡȤ
Ժשʪţйɵζرһҡ
ϲ

˵¬һλȥԺ¾Ͳôˣջȥȥסһ죬Ҳǿ
лЦʣʲô˳ǣǳŮˡ
ЦЦû⡣
֮ǰлҪҪ㣿
лɣҲæúܡҲͻˣһҲסôãֲǲҡ
ͷ˵ҲڵʱһסҿڼңһסҾǲġ
лɶֲܡ
۸ڵǽ˼Զлɿ̿ӵĴף˼Ҷʲôˡ
ߣĿɱҶա
лɼߣϽȥɣīˣȥء

ģʱ򣬴ǰѰٴˡ
Ͱͬ¬һ˳
лź˵λȥǳףҶڡ
޶ⲻΪȻ˵Ҳûã㶼ûףֲܸޡ
ѾдŸҦأҦиýˣһ̧ۣҲǸ¬׳ơ
Ͼ̫Ƶ




131.  һʮһ   

ʱ˺ܶණ, ϺõĲҶһЩ죬ز, лϲѸ, ͸ɹ
ţţ, ȥװ˺ܶ, лɼȲ꣬С¯ϸϸ̲, һ, ɫɫζ೤
緹, ˿ڿ˵治, ֱѡ
Ժϴ, Ц
лʰ٣ǰʲôģ
٣ū
лŶе⣬Ͳ˼ˡ
ٵԼ˵ɾͰմݴġǰһŮū
лʴʱꣿ
˵ǰ¡, ⲻ˵ʵ
лҲ׷, ʵ鵾ò, ⼸ѵõʱˡ
ĸ׼һ˴һȥ˾Ҳһ, λȥɾͲһˡģ

ЦЦרĵ⣬¬ϵȻԸһ˴ຮ֮أ½ˣϸ˳ʮ꣬Ƿշת, Ǳ߾֮أȻȥԼܲˣһֵط걼˼׬˲ۡ
Ҳӵ˴޳̵ţ޳ֱ˵˵ˣҪزס

˴ʣʲôʱس
崺棬һ޼ڽ濴ֻвı˲֪Σա
Щʱȥͷ忴ĸ׺Ͱ
ϻȥѵ֣
Ҳ⣬˵ĸ鹢ֱ볯ֻþӶ˷ֱҲı忴˵ϣЩĸס
ɫˡ

һԶϵĺ޳ߵңʵڵġͺѺˡ¬Ǹֱӣ˹ͳˣԿ
ζû˵˵֮⻰̫ˡ
ҲЦЦѴ࿴ֻ˵иҪҪæһʱزȥǲԸ⣬Ǿ͵ջ˳͸׵˵ɡ޷
Ǹӵ̸ǾǴ治ˡ
Ҫ¬ȥҲ˵ǣҺĸ׻Щ˵ˡ
ᱻһͨʴʣ˵Ʋѡ

¬ϼڽ̴ߣǸԸ¬Ͻѵ˼أʵʵˣ˴ɱĿ޺ȾңĸҪң
˳ֱ˵˵ˣǻЩݣûкúóԷ𣿡
¬æ˵ˣûأ
ЦЦˣмꡣСѧ꼶ѧŻ˵ͣҪ˽ѵ
ŴĲӲ¬ŭգֺõЦЦ棬ڻʣݺò棿
죺лȥˣûлͲˡ

¬ˣ㶼ˣ
죺ǰԲôˣҲôߣЬǾġ
̿¬Ҫ˵˵ĸףⱲӲѧЩʲôᣬҲԡֻҪǷǣҲԹá
¬ϱ˵ģҲʶ޼ȷʵһˡ
̾Ҳǣӽǲһˡ
ɫЩȻοĸ׻˳ĸõˣ͵ˡ
¬˵ҲǣҲˡǸðʧӡ
¬Կ˺ܶ࣬ɽͬˣӴԺסĻƽҲź

¬ϣվڳͱѵõйȰ֮ЩԵ˵֮㸸׶㣬кŲš֪Щ
Ļ˵Цˣ븸볤빲϶һ˵ֻҪ¡·;ңԶټҲ֪Ǻʱֶף˳Ը
᱾Щ˵ڣҲ˵ȥˡټ֮ǰٰ̽ûЩˡ

к⣬ƺáлߣЦ˵ʲôĵġˣҲ½½ʱͲʲô¶Լˡ
лɽӵݵߣ˿˵ζ̲úȡ
лЦʲô̼ˣͻȻôˣ
û˵סǸ䣬дһţÿһŶװõģƤд˴ÿһŵĽβд㡣
ÿһⶼ濴ˣֹؾطŻȥ

лɲ֪͵ˡjֱֻ֪˸ˡ
Ҳͣʲô¶࣬аٴɨʣ¾Ŵ
лɲðһ񣬰Ц˵ɾҵǮܸߵģɻѰ
лҲȥˡ

Ѿ˷ƣû޳̵ǻҦе޳̵⣬ֶҲҪģ֮ǰƽǰ֮һʱ
Ҧ֪񳤽ϵĻδƽ˳ĹٳٳδϾ˻ڹεĹٺ;ٲͬ
Ѿﳤȥ˺ѵûЦ
޳̵Ӧ˴Ҫôʦ¬֡
æĽŲմأųǵ񣬳æˡµĹڻ۵ݸʣЩ㱨žͺá
˵罻˵ҰѽһҪ㱨ǳĻnꡢꡢ֮ٿ
⣬Цʣʲô
Ҳ˵סݵ¬ָǰ¬öû˵
Ǹʲôֱ̫ˡ

ôȥʴ޳̡
޳ʣ˿ڻˣ
˵˵Ѳ꣬ԸŲġ
޳̲һ䣬ȶϸˡ
Ѿã񶼹š޳ñȨɱġǵס޳̣ǵסаٹٵĹ˳
޳λ޹ٿãҦУһԭĽ̻ˡ
˿ˣˡ
޳Ҳò̾ѧ꣬ҲȲĴ
˼֮ı֮ԶԶǴܱȵġ

ȥϵɽϵƽѣҲȥ޳ݡݣ¡
޳ȴ˵ƱԴЩ֪
һͬлƽ˻ϵͻ
޳ȴ˵ȥƽϵ
￴۵ͼָָ϶ʣȥ
޳̿һۣԶ
֣֮ءȻҪ󡣴ֲ̾Ҫʮı֮ǰ֣һϵҪʮı˵Ļϵ֮ʡ

ñ˵˺ܾã޳˵ݣտһЩԸã˲׽س
޳һЩĺ֮У·ϵɱƣ⣬ǰǰӶѪڡ
Ц˵Ȼһ˵ġ

գǰȥѾû֮ǰսҵӰˣǷʢ




132.  һʮ   ޳¬

¬ϲ, ˳Ǿʴڼס𣿡
ЩΪ˵ĸѾˣ廹סڼ
¬æ˵һȥûؼˡ
Ҳո·, ʹӦ, ļҾҲڼ, һֱӻ˴޸
ȴ޳֪¬ϻ, Ѿǵڶգֳ, ޳̲֪ѾˡŶʱЩơ
, ʣĸôˣ
̫̫סڰʵ, ֺ, ̫̫ǵľȻǼһӻݡЦ˵ĸϲٸѰˣҲ֪ϵôˡ
̫̫ȴƵ˵Ƕҵġ
޳Ҳ޻˵, ¬뾩ҲϽ

ȱľͶõˣ¬Դӻ˼, ŵݰ˾ûû, ԺѾȥ, ĽտԺӺ̫̫Ļݣ˶򷢻ؼݼˡ
¬Ͼüܹ˵޼д, һɲ͡
л⼸վҪˣ˲̫̫࣬ҲڣҪš

޳̷·һ¬ϲҲ, ᶼЩˣ¬ϻؼң޳̶޶ԡϵʱʣ֪ɿˣ
޳̵ͷ
ǰܳʵֻһ꣬С׽
֮ǰ˵¬¬ʦ̵ֻ֪Ӷ˷ֱı
û˵꣬޳ôŭıžһˤϣŭĿʣʲô˼˭ҩأ̫̫ķɣҾ棡ĸ󣬾ʹݣҪˣ
Ĵ󼱣æ˵ҲǸ˼Ҳһ֪ϲЮơ
Ю˵ӡ
Щ˵̫û˼ˡ
ҲȰˣǸӵֻԼ޳ҲƢôҲûӡ
޳̷һͨƢǻǸ޼˺صʹ͡һǸ׼ġ
˼ңǻûףô໪Σ¬ϣǸҵ𣿸׳ʲôѽ˵ױȴ綼Ӣÿ𣿴粻ÿ
¬ֺЦ
ҹлһŮȡū
¬Ϻܸˣһҹʱһˡϸ̾Ǹĺӣûõ̫
¬չлϢãοʲôҪ룬ֻܺúһ£ءˣдѵĸʱ䡣
лϼɫºͣʣɩǿġ
¬ϴ˯ģЩ

ĵĳͣȴˬ³ΧԺǽˣһ룬Ͱͻˡ
³ûлɣüʣȸūأ
ж˵ںＫ֡
³ЩźҲ֪ȸūǴ£ʣһ·Ͽ̫ƽ
Ц˵ͬ޶ķ˻¬ҵһġҪտ㣬û
³ڣлɵûϸʡ
ʣΪҪˣ
³ͣ޼ҼҾסʱʱΣգԺӲտҾǽȷʵƹҿд޼ҵıڡ̫ƽˣҲòˣ˵ȸūϲԺӳܿǱߵ

ȴЩԣ¬һֱȥ˰ʵר̫̫̿ϲ޳һ֪ˣǵȵʱѰЩˡ
̫̫ĳ˸Ǽˣ¬ϸУ¬Ц˵ձϲҪտһʱա˸СŮū
̫̫ĸ˵Ц˵˾ͺã˾ͺã⼸վͿʼĽ˾ͺá
¬Ϻ½½ݵľʹôྰ£gѹ˰ЩѾûôˡ޳̵ļסڹȴ
̫̫ҲЩ¶ЩҴ򽻵۲ĲҲ׼ǵǰ¬ֲ޳̵ǻ£鷳ġ
̫̫һ룬Щ˸С
¬ϼߣο˵ãˣҴССӼͳܿġ

̫̫įį˵Ļ¸׼ˣyȡˣǸָϣֵܼ֮ν֮֮һſֵܼ
¬Ц˵Ǵ޼ҵˣ

̫̫ǿ¬ϳ緹¬ϲشլ
˵ͱ޳˶׵ˣֱȥ
¬ϵõҲǹֻѾãֲ֮ڣڼס޼˻ס
͹֮ͬݾͺ˵λ˳ĸǲ˾óЩӣû£ء
οĶӣһĶӣΪ˴޳̵Ұģ˼⣬Լһ㷸գ޳ƾʲôһٶĶӡ

˵̲Ҿţ͵⣬ͷĵڵڡ
¬ͷϵŸϤĵΡķˣ֪롣
޳˶ٳٲ˼¬ƮԶ˼µ̧ŽȥȴŻˡ
ƹ滨ľ׵߷磬޳̾ϴǰǰ϶飬īֽڰһ̧࣬ͷ˵
ذϵĹⷴЩ㱣ѾЩûˡ

޳ԭǻƢɵȼˣãֻʣĸˣ
¬кܶ໰Ҳֻ𣺡ˡ
ҲʣָָԱߵӣʾɡ
ݱϱ衣
곤̵ͷ·һûУ˲Ϣĳȥˡ
ϴţܿԺľܽؿޡ
¬ϳĿţͷ£̧ͷ¬ϳŴ⣬ϵĲҲû
ȻճɻʱҲܰմۣ˵䣬ӴԺҲû
޳̼ݡ
Ըã˭ЦЦģԸЩ𣬵ĳܺáٺִ
̾ʣлˣ
¬ŻŶ˵˸Ůĸ˺ܸˡ
¬ȷʵû˵ִҪиͷܸܲɰͰ͵ĳͲóܣŸ
˵æɣһȥҪտǡ
޳̣ôˣԼչ˺Լ

¬Ϻʵİˣ߰ûмˣէûлϲԹһʱ˵ʵǱŤ
ЩʱջæѾһˣˡ
޳˵᲻ŮŮ˶ǡ
¬ϺƢ˵ĪҪʧĺ̡
޳ͻȻ޽޼ҵһ꣬¬ʦѳ
Ȼһʱס
¬Ҳɴ࣬ЦЦ˵Ժ˵æ˵ɡ
޳ʣʲôʱܲӡ
¬϶סûлͷ˵ҲٳĻ£ͽ
޳̾һԸٳ֡
¬Ϲִ˵֮ҲڣסڹֻܸŹǽңңһۣ᲻á
¸Ҫ裬ŶǳҲҪŶӳס
޳̼βŲ̱̾˵֪ˡ
ݱ¬ϳ·־ȵĿţվڵңңš




133.  һʮ   ޳

·, ݱ˵ϲԺľܽأūոһЩլ˻ϲʲô
¬Щ, ϲΪʲô, Щ, , ͺЩ£, ôû취ǿӲҲĺӡ
, ݱĻܾҶϲ, ǶҲ֪, ʮǰͲˡ
ݱˣûҶ졣
Ȼլ, յţǺܺ񣬲Ѱ, ߶߶ʲôд, ʲôʡ˵꾡
һκ¬˵лɲֶֹŮ, ĸ磬ĸ״û
˶ʶ, 游һ꽻ɢˣĸ׿ӡ游˽ӡһͬϣӴûټ

¬ϿĴ󾪣ɢ, л길⽫ϧл겻ټһֵ뻯ٳǼ꣬ټֻգ²̫ƽ޼ףǺ󣬻ˡ
ô꣬ûû뵽лɾȻŮ
ֲãлϵսţ˵

ţȥׯһлڣ
ׯ˵ûˡ
ôȥʣ˵лҲлxлǰʹһԶˣлҲ֪ġ
¬ʣû˵ʲôʱ𣿡
лΪѵ˵ҵǲʣĸҪ׼ˣ
¬ϣǹˣл游˽áǰղ֪䡣
ɹĺһЩҲ׳ʵˣš
Ȼ˵ոңĸˡ
¬Ͻıʷʣʲô£
£أ˿ڻҲģ¡
¬ֻ˵ѧʣܣ缸岮ֲ㡣
ȴ˵ĸ⻰˵Ĳԣ֮£˭λȨأֻ£ǾǸ廨ͷô
¬Ц
̵¡
¬ЦЦţ˵£ҲҲ֪лʲôʱæꡣ
ĸ״˻ִˡлҽʲʱæ꣬лҽ츣£Ұﲻæ˭Ҳﲻæֻܰ
¬ʧЦУִˡ

լѾǳ󲻿Ելۡˣҵ쳣˳֪жۺҵĺҲвٵĺߴ޼δɻСɾֱǸͻأĴڡ
ڼ䣬ߵߵĲˣڶھ¡¬ϻǸȥţĸӼЩϸϸۣ¬϶Щ˼

޳ÿնͶ¬Ӷл϶֪˵ɩͿհȥ˲˼
¬ϵЦӣźսȥðɣһҲį
лǸ²²ԸҲ˵ҲԣԸɢˣסĸܴ˵ҲסǵΡΡȥ
˵žЦ

޳̶Ժûʲô˼檻檣˻Ǿˡ˼ŽڽϣһƽĲ죬Ҳ֤˲񡣽˵£Ҫס
ԽϣݣҪ׼
ѽʮıԼı㡣Щ޳̶Լһֱ̣ܿݵĶÿѲӪĹģ鲻¡סյģͻȻͱһˣǰΪ׵һıǰ佫ػءյæҲãæȴֻʣһˡ
귺ģѾ˼ˣҦк̸̱ҪޣûǮҲҪޡ˵ϵЩʱգòҲҪȼá
һգܵ££˶ˣյĴֻʣһˣһһ¡ӡ
Ǹ¼ҹˡ

Ȼ¬¬дţ⿴һΣ¬˵޳ȷʵǸ˵ľӣƷϳˣҿҲǹѶ֮ˣֳǶɡ
ǳɻĵڶꡣ
¬ԣǸѶˡӲӣ޲ɷޡ
˵ʲôоСĸ׾˵̫塣˵أǰ㲻ϲǿ첻ķϣƴӡ
Ǹˡ
ҼЩ¡

ʱڵ￴ģݱС˵ˡ
̧ͷۿյĴ±˵棬ԥƬ̲˵ҳȥһˡ
¬˯ǰڸС鷿ʹõĶһǰлдĹˮʵ鱨棬ͬ³ġ
޳̾ʱϢĻġ
ԺӣŵŮ澲֪޳ȥԼŽȥĸӼ˵Ц
¬ϴ㵵ĿŽˡ
ǴȷӦų⣬ֻڣʣһ˻
޳̵˵ʲôأ
Ŀһμס
Ͷ糤òһȴÿûÿ
޳̼ʣǰ
¬Ͻ˿߽ӹСϣʹ˵㸸ף㲻һֱ𣿡
ϾСЩӵĿ¬ϣ׽
ӣô޳ţȥ˵˵ˣ˲ܲ˵ҲҪ¡
죺Ҳ£Ҿûס˵׻ϲҵġ˵

޳һֱô꣬¬
Ѿˡ
Ҳʲô˻һöСС˽ӡϺõļѪʯ͸ĺ죬Сɾ£˵ҵ˽ӡ͸㡣Ҫʲôöӡ֣ҪĶ
ԸеСԵϲǻ˵Ҫ綼򡣡
޳̣ģǰүġ
ڼҵЩ꣬Դ˵ǸһĴڡ
ŽӡССķ˰죬޳ʣ
ŵԴŮӺкȫͬ˵ϸϸģĸӣֻһŮ
ҲֻһŮزˡ

¬ϲִƽƽĹȥҲԸģǺֱǾͲù
Թ𣿡
޳̧ۿֵͷŴ֣˵ûС
ֳյﶼǺ룬ıȻַֻССһš
¬û뵽ûţԭСҹ

¬ҹС⽣ըļţϺȣĲˡ
޳̳Եĺġûô˼ϰߣüķ죬ҲڷϺʹ޳£ʲۡ
һֱ˵ĹֱעҪйĶˣտִסֱзǳܱȡ֮ǰһֱҲ
޳ڷϺʹ꣬˽Сӵ۽硣ȴҳϣ䲻˼ıԶǣʺ볯
¬ϿŸǢҲ죬Ǵ޳ʣ֮û𣿡
¬ϴ𣺡ˣҲףæˣ˵İɡ
޳û˵ͬˣ˵ν֮£֮⼸ҲûҲšкʵ˼Ҹ°ɡ
¬˵֪ˡ

Եÿ죬תϵľڣûٷ£µһ£˵һ㶼һοĹµļء
һʺ֣ݱָʡ
ੲݵĿлҰ¬ĶʧЦ޳Ҳϡ
ˣ˵ڼҲsʱŷšĸһ˲ٳࡣ
¬̧ۿһֵۣͷʣף𣿡
¬ϺԣʣһˣҪȥ˯ˡ
Ťͷʴ޳̣ү߰ɣ
¬˿һû˵
ţ̾һл˵Ѵ޼һˡ




134.  һʮ   

л̧ͷƬ, ʣҪ˭
ֲ˵ˡ
лɻϡĻʣǣﲻ̫ƽˣ
ŵķչ, ֱ¬ϵġ޳̵ġġġ޺Ƶġ
ݻ˸
лɿЦ, ʣڳɾίˣô㣿
϶һѾı顣

лɿ¬ϵ, ʣ¬Ϻʹ޳, ˣ
ӹĻ޼֦, ˵û, סڴլϽȥ
лɺʣ˼ǣ
˶˵, ô޳̸ҺʹһŵɡǸ׵ˡЩǻ, ЩС¶ǵԸûҺʹû, ˵żǴҲޡ¬ҵ˶Ѱ
лҲ˵ҲãǶ, ǳҲ⡣˵

Ц˵Һ˵, ܲ˲, ŮӲһҪ, ҪҪܶ
лЦϴԵıһ
ѧľЩûŷɣǲ˵˵ġ
лɽŽƿʣȥ𣿡
˵һסҲġ
л˵ʲôĵ, ںˣ顢䡢ͼͶˣٴ粽ĸңʲôĵģ
ЦΣӣ˵Ҫǣҡ
лЦͷȷʵǸ⡣еܵˣ㿴Ҳûʲôƻ
۾˵ˡ
лɻɵĿ۾ſʣ㲻˰ɣ
ƵģβЦ˵ô뷨
лɣҿСˡ
ͷۣٲڣǰʣ˵ҲҪӣأ
лŤͷ˺ܾãˣû뵽л˵Ҿ̫ˡ˵˵ɣ˵˵ôɡ

˵һҭЩεЦ˵ﲻǵĵط˺ӣǺ¡Ҳ֪ôǼʶִˣﴦԼҲҲãԴҲաһΪֹأ
лûôֻ˵ֻǵܲ͸õġ
ȴһˡ
˵ǲǸˣлɸˣҲЦ
лɵͷʣǲˣ
ЦЦûʲô벻ģǱߣҲǳ첻żô
лȴ˵ҺңȻȥͲʶˣĺҡ
ʲôû˵Դ

ڶһ磬ױСԺＷѾſڰһŻݣСԺﶼȤ
ԺƣϺõѾƣһ㶼ˣ̵ģôϲƣ

ڣϱϲ
ᣬʣһүǣеѪԡ
š
Ķ֧޼ҵˣôأ

˵Ҳšƶ޳̸ɲ¬ϣȻ¬ϲ죬Ǵ޳Ǹˣ¬ֻ˸գס޳̲ڻ¡
˵ʲô
ֲˣԼţֲ˼ҵš
ﱻŸˣ޺޵˵Ĺûǽթ
ǺЦ˵˾ʵ
ܺô޳̣ǲթԲһ

˰죬лɲ˯ԴӴ˺Ϳʼ˯˯˸ůˣ˯߲ıˡ
˯ԺŴҲνͷʴأ
ȥȡˡ
лɵͷ˵Ǹܺúȣ컹Ǹɡ
ͷҪҪǸˣ
лɣҪ
ѾüŭĿˡ
æϾջ켣ڳ֮䣿ȥˣ
лֵĿʣ㶼óԷģ
ѿڶȻ
лɺǺЦͲýҵţܷ̫ġ
Ŵͨ죬Цסˡ
лɼ˵ʲôɣٵҲûãţб±šŶ㻹ûء
ҧгݵ˵д
л׹ˣ˵ˣһҪæˡ
˵ʹɫЦЦǽˡ塣

лɳź󣬴˵ĪҪŮӿᣬɣϵƣ㲻
ĳĬ֪֪б¡СҲ߯ˡ
˵Ǿ㵥ĺ档

˵˵Ҳǣոﶼƽ˼ҲڵǻϣҪ̫ƽġҪȻǰϽܴӦһһֱźһﲻ񻰣سȥɡ
Ǽϴ˵͵ģ
ú˵ܻе𣿡
ЦĸҲ¬Сӣ֮ôأûõĶʲôʱãԸ˵ʱáԼ˵ģ𣿡
һһ㶵ġ
˵ŰٻˣͶĻĪĪ˰ֻ򣬺һЩ¹⣬дҪտܡ
ĪžЦ˵ɾһٷԡ
ȥݲ裬ٽݿʼ׼緹

лɻѾ׼ˣлȥ·ժ˲ˣżĵ֣Ц˵µտ
⣬лɽСɰϵ˿ϣʼ࣬տһ嵭࣬ǳ
ȴҲ˵ʵеĽǲ˵ġ
緹ڵԺҲлˣ˾סǰһţ⼸ǼȥǰĺȺֵڡ

޳̽ӵ˽ݱ½϶ضݣפϵ߽磬ݷһ뽭عٸռеӭ
޳ãÿ˾ƣҦнʱ򣬾ڶźԺĲľСá
޳ϴž˵ĺۼ˸ݵľ¡
ҦΪģ鶨һ
޳̱Ȩգ壬Ҳһɱˮֻǿʼ
ѡ˲ţ֮ءȨƵܿˡ
޳Ҧе౨кҦ˺һɡ
Ҧûк;Щ֣̿Ц˵ﲻȾƣոˡ
˵£˵ǰ޳̲μңﻹЩ˵䣬Щҵų̰ͼ֡

пϵ˵λȵ۵ЩͼΣֻڳڼ̫ǿʢľ֧
ҦΪ˵ϵġ޳ȴ˵˵˵
Ҧõ˵岻ǿʢȨ󡣡
޳ȴ˵˵׻Ȩ󹬵˲𣿡
˵˵Ҹɱý
޳ʣ˭ҵŮ
лҡ
޳Ц˵ˣĸ˵µ£ҲлŮɣֻǲ֪ǲлҡ
ڨڨ²ǡ
޳ҲЩлŮɣʵЩ¡ŵڡ
¬鷿Ƿţл¬鵱ֿѣպɢˣһʵ¡
Ұ£Ϊ֪榿Ը⣿
ѾܾˣǷģϸϸˡܵĺ׵
޳̿ûɵĻ




135.  һʮ   ˰

ڴý, û˸¬Ĵ޳̶Խ⡣
ݳǵղ񳤰ô, һһͦ, лɺʹ˵ĺܰ, ˴岻ʱһΡ
дŸ¬˵˹ڴ޳̽, ¬ϳ⣺һȪǲڹ, һйһ, ȥ޷𣬸ʲôɡȻ֮, ˵ЩԸ, 㱡飬ѹ֮, ȷʵ˵ܶѳ꣬ĸײΪ, Щ, ʡ
Ҳ֪ǲ, ¬ϴӦǰ, ûиլڹɻ顣
޳̲ǻͲЩĹء

ʹ̫̫һΪ̫̫ˣ˵úܶ顣̫̫˵֪, ޼ҿ㣬ҺȢ¬ʦ̧һ׹֮ˣҴ޼Ƿġ
¬⻰ɷˣҽŶʮأôŮ޼ң֮ҡ
̫̫¬ϣͺĶ˵Ҳ⹬ô츲أ⹬ֻ¬һλʺ󡣡
޳̷ıʣĸףҵǸѶ֮𣿡
̫̫̾ﶼǺöκĲ롣

̾Ҷƫһ֣ǹ¼ҹˣЩǣǿҵϾܶ㼸֡Ǹ˿壬ơޣһֱ㡣ǲˣҪи֪ůˡסλȨأҲ̥
޳絶ĸӰ̫̫ǸǵˡҲ˵޼ҵŮ˶ܴ

¬̫̫ʰ˶ӵӵɺ˺ܶ࣬ԭȵ۶ӵĵطʺסں󹬵ӷǴ޳¬ϰڵӵ
ｨʮӲʣ¬ϵҲǱ˺ܶࡣ
޳̽ڳдۣʣдʲôأ
¬϶ûоηҲû飬ֻѰˣ˼ܡ
֮ǰһЩˣһµġ
޳̹Ƭֵ̣Ưʦ丸ģ־ǰҪȥ
¬Ϻʣôˣ
޳ĥī֮̾Щǰ£ЩʱգҵǾ˲١
¬һ٣ͣƬ̣˵֮غ񣬵ǷĪҪԶж
޳ȴʣǼ֮أɱ֮
¬˵Ů˼񣬶Щл֮ҸףԸ񣬴ԼɵİɡСʱҲġ
޳˵Ըֱɡ
¬ЦЦƢ˵ǶСˣĪҪǰѵ⣬˴˽½ѵͺá

޳Ц֪һĸҲǼ̸ĳɾ͸жɵӣ֮հǰ˺󣬽ѳ¡
¬ϻͷô꣬һٴɫĶ˿ѵδ棿ԴĪҪü֮;֮ν֮⡣޳Ķӣӡ
˵
޳ȴҪ˵ǹ֮£أ
¬Ͼĳһ亹β˵㲻ú˵
޳ȴ˵ҵˣ˵˵Ҳ޷
·˿˵ˡ
¬ϣҲú˵֮Ͼġ
޳̣ǲģӡ
¬죺ǽƱ磬֮˵ˣֻˣЩ
޳̹вɲˡ
¬Ͻ˵ˣ㲻ҪΪһɢִգֹ̼ȻŲúãҾԸǼΣ¬ңǴ޼ңȥңЩ̣ҼʶĻ𣿡
߬䣬۾ﶼǾǿ޳̷֣榣֪˼
һƱ¬Ǻݵĺͽˡ
¬ָڿν󣬱뵽˺¬ϵûд꣬дģ޳̲ס
޳̵ֱߣչǾǵ¬ֶſá
¬ʣ־֮ô
¬ֻ˼榣ûм֮ԺܺãԸ㣬Ϊ˶غд֮
¬һϣһʱû뵽Ǵ޳̹ͬ˵ġ
¬ּȣȰ˵ôأ
¬˵֡ʶ޳̾ǹġܲ˵޳˵֮Ρ

¬ֳ¬ϵĵʹڣ޳࣬¬ϲɫĿ۴ں£޳̲ɫĿ¬Ϻ֪
˯ʱ¬ϻ˵˵֮Ը㣬д֮硣
޳̾˻һߵơҲһ䣬Ƕǰ֪¬ֻʱ֪йһ£ԷǺպɢˡ
ʱ۰ޣкǿʶ
¬ϲ֪˼ֻǹĻ޻˵Ҳͱ۲
ҹ޳תͷʣ榡֣־ԼЩЦˡ
˵˯ɡ

յʱֺģֳһƬܲμ֪Ҳû뵽ճɾȻôһմʳɵסĶ
տ⣬Ц񣬺л˵ˣ
ģֲһճɲŻֱˡ
ɹúһ⣬æһ£պ˶ɹˣлЦһ̿⡣Ҳ⣬ЦЦ˵˼＾ֲͶˣͲһˡ

ºʹ޳дףϣ޳̱ţֱӸ¬Ͽ
¬ϿҲþ棬Ҫһɵ˰Ȼ˵ø׳Կ
޳ָţ¬˵Ҫ˵ӣԲ⻰١ҲǼ֪ôҵģ
ڸ¬֣죺үҪ˵ˣϲʲôֻҪ˵ûͻҡ
޳ҲЦҲǡ

Ų𲻴ӦѾãֻҪ޳ɿڣʱ
޳̴뵽ˣûдӦĺǺǴӦˣΪµףϵشϢԴ˽϶ȫոפϵ߽磬ͷɽŻһ
ֱﵾպ＾٣µͻһĲմ糤ճɣﵽһ屶ӽ³ɹ
µϵδӰ֪
죺ʹ޳Ҫ۵ˡ
лɱдЦ̫ˣɵĹ룬㻹ô
ûҪûҪ˰գǾǱңҪǸɵ˰ĸȥ׼µ⣬ʱֵֵʱѾҳжҳȥˣʱг·
лԵ˵̫ƽʢ̫Ƕˡ
Ц
׼ǲаԡ




136.  һʮ   س

лɲʱгĹ, Ҳܴ£ֵֻʣµһŲ, ÿ춼æŲ, ´, ܻȥ, ˴һլԬƹ, լڹſڡ
Ĵ޳Ҫ, ¬ϺܿģȴӶ㡣
޳̿, ¬̾ǹ
ս, кܶ˲ؽ׸ʹ, Ҳһֱӵ߰ǰûʲô
¬ϼûէ֮˵.ɵɣҲ˼ֳ, ̰, ѧؽ׵ʹ

¬Ͽҽٸ, Ц˵ֲǳˣ
޳̣Ҹ׼˸ۡ
¬ϣ֪
һ, ޳ȷʵûжԲſʼֻҪ飬ûзʲôòԵĵطҲ˽º˵һ, ǰѾˡ޳̲޼ֻЩ꣬ྴеԹ޶Ժӣ񣬴ʲô⣬Լͺаˣö˵ˡ
أ˶ΣС
޳̾ôլӿ빬ȷʵԵĴլҪá
鵱գ¬Ͻ˲裬¸ͷ޳̾ŵ¸ͷٿ
¬ϲô޳ַʲôرģҲ˳ֶѡ

ݾµľ٣Ц˵궬ĲϿˡ
лɵϾʱˣʺϰʵ飬⼸µӽ˲ʮ磬ֶĵ֣Լ¼Ĳϣĵ׶ࡣ
һ߿ͼһ˵һůߣȥɽ
лʣ첻ܿ𣿡
űӻҰв˵ҪٸðǾȻسǱ߼ůҪȻʲô롣
лűӱԹ֪ڻô䣬ҾһȦѡ
ˮֻȥǰŵͼ˵ջʵȥϷ
лĿڣȥϷɣûп
ͬĿ
û˼˵׶ȼٵı

ʮѮʹлɻسͣЦ˵˵׼괺ֻˡ
Ц˵ٴιɾ
a򣬸пֻҪ˶úõģĶҪտЩγ壬Ǹˣʵ
ԥ˰Σŵͷ
ЩǶ׼ˣҲֻЪһա
Щ˵ȥɣһѾϰˣǲһ
лʣǹ˵ء
ﻹûϹ˵ЩӲˡԭ˵λȥٲײˣ׼ˣǱлɴϺû
лɲϲ˵Ͱֱ׳Ҳֱ׳
ٱһڣȰĪƣйء
̾Цһ治ٺˡ

˵徻ֻҪסͻˣǸõĵطҵе᲻ߡҪȥæҵ¡
Ҳ˵׶ʱæǰԹͷۣʲô׳춨֮ô׾پȡ֮أ
Ц˵û֮£˵˭ҵġ

鷳£衢ĻǿɲһһϦܽġ
ûĸҴ֣ѹȶ¡
ʮµһ˲ŵﳤ
ĴׯЩ䶯лվ·ڿ֮ǰʴʱսҵ𣿡
ӦûС
һ˽Ժӣлɻ˵״εģ˵յţͿʼůˣӶɨˡЪ׼
³Ͱȥˣϸ˵ĸж
лɽﶼɢٺò˵һȥһˣϻ
˳θóˡ

Ҳûع齫ͻشլԼȥ˴ϡ
»֮󣬲æµˣ˵磬լӾǵġ
֮ǰڼʱ˵޼Һ䣬Ǹ˼ң»Щ˵ǣĸµ£ĸ⣬ȴ⡣
ɻûţ޼ҾѾǼȴˡĸ׻̿´޼ҷڣϾ˫۾ǣĸŹŮԸ޸
ĸ׻ǰĽ̵Ҫ˳ǰԼ࣬ߡ
ź֪ѧԶڸ֮ϣǸտ֮ҵĸףһҲǱޡǰҲ԰ſˡ󿴹֣£֪ķããѧҲãƷҲãʲôá

¸ĴļЦ˵ɼˣǴˡԺҪΣԼļҡ
Щ˼ǰѵ
͸Ͻȥ׼ˡ

ֵ˺ܾãҲҴͲˮʱߵſĴ˵ʱڳĸȥġףҲxСԸҲʡûǮ˾ȥʷԼȥȡ˵ˣ޼ҵҶš
Щġ绹ǰҵСӣ񶼳ɼˣԼҲʲôӡ
ЦЦ˾䣺СӣͰԶǺӡһĹݱޣжٺ»ԺĹǶԺ¡ô˼˼¸ļױԼ˼
ȷʵûǮ׬ǮķӣҲǸлѧġ

ϻȥͽ¬˵ˣˡ
¬Ϸ˼飬ȷͦõģҲͲżˣʹ޳һ䡣
޳æһգ˯˲֪ˣʣϿһۣ
¬ϣҲŵ
޳̾£ˡѰ˵ͣŮϥˡ
¬ʹҲʹ޳˵
յˣҺϸ˵
޳˵˴ҿ
¬˵ġ˳ŴӦ˵֪ˡ

ڶһ̫̫̫̫һݵĳӣһӰ˵һֱ˹è
̫̫ˣ˺ܶ࣬ڵ޼ҵĻҲȫˣҲ߶ˣԹ̫ߵŹˣ껨ôҲ
Ц˵ҸһãģԿ˫顣
̫̫壬Ц˵⹬Ҳ̫ˡ
˵иȪɽׯˣҴĸȥȪ
̫̫ʱûûصĻЦҲʱ̵ж
пٲɻ飬ɲˡ
£ԺĿ֦Ц˵ͳף׼ˡⲻͰ¸ҿæˡ
̫̫Ц˵лСӣ
š

лɼ޳̵ʱں£棬ȥ¬ϣ¬ãҲûôأסڹЩ֣ʲô¶ԼԸ
ȴ޳æˣлɵȥ޳̲׼
Ŵ޳̾ʣ㸸л
лɰһ˵ʵҲ̫Сݳ󣬺سʱײڳܹҲûΣҸײл
޳̼ȷʵ֪Ҳʡ
˵ȫ֡
޳ǼģһʲôѾʵһ屶
ֱš

޳̲׼ȥҲִţ¬ļҳȥˣֱлɳ
лµ˵Ŷû£æɣһҪ죬Ҿȳˣ鷳ʹ˵һ
ֵ̻̿Ŀ۴޳̣ԥԥӦˡ
лߺ󣬴޳̺ʹ˵˰¡׼˵Ӧˡ
˵ż
޳ֱ̼쵰֪ż




137.  һʮ   ̻

æҪȥ, ¬ϰڰ֣ĸЪŰɣȻȥˡ
޳̲Żûüϸ˵˰˵, üʣȥ
˳˵ؼҰ
޳һ㻹ĸң
ͷ¬, ¬Ц, ˵ȻǸҷ˻ؼ, е£û, ɻ¡
޳, ¬ڣֲ̫, סˡ

ߺ, ޳¬ϣôˣ
¬źЦ˵붬Ķ׼ôˣ
², ˵ҲδǻһдӼ򡣡
¬Ҳʣ޳˵, ¬ϲǻ, ¬ϣлŮ
¬ϴ󷽷˵, Ҹ׹ʽŮֻҳ޺û, Ѷʮˡ˵Щˡ
޳Ǹûһ㣬Ŷ
¬Ҳ⣬˵һдӼ򣬾ü֮ǰɻ顣
޳˵񲿵ץЩ
¬ȴ˵ɻ鶼Ҳٰģ֮ҲһͲҪ񲿵, Ҳ¡

ȥл£лʣҪ¡𣿡
ҲҪ뷨ôô
лһԼ˵˵ҲǳĴŮ˰ɣǰͳ½лԼף޸˴޶Ķӣһһߣ籾еǿ
ʧЦ˵ʲôء
лɶûʲôڼңܻ뷨ûôನˡ
Ц˵ǽ£׼ɣлڣʱ³׼׼
лʣǼңû
ǵҪ
лЦʣҵİɣ˵ȾٰһСģ
˵˺ӿˣ̶ҲˣǹձϻسʲôҪĶ𣿡
ֲҴʲôҪġ
Ҳ˼պ˵ȥȪɽׯȪ
лҲû£֪¬Ѿڸ׼ˡ
һգлɼƸ񣬼ֱͷۣ˵ʰ˶͸ŴȥȪɽׯ
Ȫڶ⣬лɲľλãֻ֪ׯ԰ССģǴ͸ž£ԺһƬ֣֦⣬ûʲôͷļһƯ

ׯŮ澡ʹӣ·лɾʣİɣ
Ц˵ǣѵġ
ѣ
ɣ˵ɡ
лɻɵĿ¥ƬȪᣬȥһռãһ˿¹⣬лɳ˺ܶ࣬ϦŲ£ȫȻУ·İߵĹˣʲôʣҲš

ҹɫƺȪƻͨл䣬ʣ𣿡
˼Щߣ˵ȥݽţ˯á
лɾԣϲ̽ȥݽˣƵģһ˴˺ܾã
Ŵϣ˵
лɵ֣һֱȪ᳤ȣͷһ԰aվ
ԺĿյС¯ջ
лʣʲô𣿡

ЦԼĴĿУԼɵζ
˵Կʼˡ
лɻûҪԺиӦļ򣬵һӺлֱˡ
̻ŷŵһ˲䣬Ѥá
̲סۡ
ʣÿ𣿡
л֣ߵԺ𿿽Сľмյ㡣
лɲŲںͷֻΪ˸µǼӵӾ顣
ִ̻ѾܳˣҪʲôͼɫС
ңԶʱգյ˴׼Щª̻Զȴǰ̻ж
ǵһΪ̻

ͷڰ밵ĻЦš
Ц£Ťͷȥ̻

һֱʹ˵ˣ
ǴĹ
ڴ𣺡˺ܶġ
лɻɵʣģ
̻лΪ黳ûɢȥ˵ҵʱΪ顣
ͷ˵Բô͵ġ
лû壬Żˣķʲôû˵
˯ʱл˵̻ÿǺÿе··ϱ˶ʮ߸


ڽׯס˼죬޳߰˴ΣҲˣû֪Ĵ޳̰Ѵʹѵ˰졣
ȴȥݵ׶ѵ֣ļƻϵأһޣǧ̲ͿֵҲǽϵ֮ء

ɽܰյ˰ǽˮ·
ǿҪԴԴϵǮ
ûմ⿴ñԺЦ˵ĸڹղٳǵĴ飬أ
л˵·õĶ
ˮڻûôǾã·ȻʵҪǹղơ
оùʯҹעʯ·⡣ܳɱһ㡣
еϰʱʱܸʵĶˡ
һ߿ţ³ȥʯˣȻhҸӺ³лõʯˮע󣬰õɰʯʯ̺á̶̵һ·æһ磬̺ú󣬻棬˵һĺö̫ˣѧŵ㡣
˳˵֪ˣһȥоо

ʮһ˴飬Ｋ֣лٴγ˽㣬۸ǣ½ɶס
Ļ¸ǹ󲻿ԡ
ӳլޣǰһһˣڷлһҡ
¾ȻҲڡ
лûżæˣҲߣЩɢɢĶЩĶͷһۣûϳ
²˺ܶࡣһ˴磬ͷϰ˿ɫͷһϳˣȵʣ£
̶㿪ͷ˵
лɻͷۣл޾ߣһ·߶ֹӡ

лüʣô
лѵͷ
Ҳ˵²˵Լ޷޲ƽ˵ĸûĵ˸ϳǴĺݣ˾ڴ֮Ȼϸһĵط
лɫƽţ䲻ʶһʱľֻʵꡣлɡ
лɼʼյͷ̧ͷ䡣
˵䣬ʣµӸǰɡ
˵Ҳ˵Ťͷˡ
佫ӵݸҲ˵ʲôлˣȵſ˰ʣ˵µִΪ檣һ˺ܾã̰Щ
лȻ˵ؼɱͰ˵ҪȻһˡ
˵˵Ҳˡ
լֵúܣ³ɨ֮˻ݰԺԭͺͺԺӿź
յԺﻹͦů͵ġ
仹ûס˵ˣлɣڷſڣǾǰˣǿȸū飬˶֪ǲ֪ܲ
˵Ǽ˶ߡ
лЦ˵ˣԼѡ·ͰԲҪˣʱҪæ¿̫ˡ

ڶմ飬˼࣬ӭ׵Ҳ࣬磬лլſ˸糾͵ˣǳ;·ҹ
лſпҪͷ·ûϣһӣ˭
½֮վſڣһɣ糾˵˵ճޣⱱ㡣




138.  һʮ   

лɾȵİվһ
½֮Щ, ȫûǰ֮˺ܶ࣬Щ, ǿ, Ҫ, ʮˡ
½֮㷴Ц, ɣԴдžΡ
ʣ쿪𣿡
лŻ񣺡
һֱվ̨, лɻȥ, ̧š
лӵڣͷϵη, ҡҷ, ½֮ͻȻִһ, ֣˵ո
лɻͷͷ, ¹ڲ, ī̵ĳ, Ϻ
лݣȲ, ʣʲôʱ򵽵ģ߶𣿡
½֮ӻͳ΢΢Ц˵ȸū»񡣡
һϺõļѪԧ䡣

⼸еĻġȷʵ߶Ļ⽭ְλϾ˱ְ³׼
⽭紾ӣyµУ, ոԣ˺ܶࡣһˣ⼸꽭ϵҵٳûô鷳ջ켣оֵϸ˻ŸýǰϸЦǺǵʣǻȥСӣ
Ц𣺡ԣҪȥˡ
ﴧ˫ԧ䣬Ҫȥˡ

лɼ˫ַ࣬Щ𱸣ﻭȡůˮݸ˵Ҳɵҽճɻ飬վʱˣյĴ䡣Ҳ֪ؼҶһ㡣
½֮ͷֻЦţ˵ʲôʲô

˴컻·ˣɹˡ
лЦ˵ȵȣֲǴ¡
½֮ʲô¶ڴݣҲ˵ȥɣˣҲܿ
лЦ˵ǿǡ
½֮ͷۣһذ׵СССġСһ꣬ȴ͵£ԶԶ˦󣬵ȴôҲ׷ˡ

ĺܿ죬ﶼֳһƬլӾڴڣȴҪ󣬺ԺĻ԰ռؼĶǴ޳ġ
˽˷Ϣ͵˼лɵĺױջϣվſš½֮һ߿ֶʣµϵֵôдĺһֱû㡣
á
л᣺ú˵һ㣬
½֮Цһ糾Ҳ˿ȣ½ɲ˵
ȸū顣Ȱ˵
л죺Ҫ˵ʲôҪȻҸɵȢң
½֮ʧЦʣ˵ʲô˵
Ҳû˵Ϲأǰ
лɺ˵ˣõʱܶճɡӽƷֻ֣ںֹ֪ڽϻʲôճɡ
½֮Ӧҿһ硣
л˵Ҽ޽ӳˣһмƷ֡Ҳԡм޽ܿ
½֮𣺡ѧУȸū֮ţҲʮ֮һ
лڴӦҪһĻȫ̸㡣䣬Ժ˲ӿֵ̺Ľк˵̸˵ȥţ治Ҫ
лȹӣߵǰ£̧ͷ½֮ЩձĿųȥˡ

죬վԺ￴ţЦ˵ӭ׵ˣġ
ϾУлɴ
½֮ЦЦ˵Щãȸūϲ֡
̫ˣѾԺһ·ϲǮϲǣż½֮վſڡ
½֮Ц˵ɾΥˡ
Ц˵Υˣȸūãһܸˡ

һЦ˴ﶼݵĲ֮󣬴ͽˡ
лɼţ̾Ҳû㣬ô׾ͽˣ
ôܣһ·Ǯ
лɾ㲻ˣôǮǻʵҲô졣
ճյЦЦˣ˫£˵ӽ㼸ʱ̫̫ˡлɣҽдʮ꣬ˣﻹһáĸġأ
лɿ۾һĽë˵ҽʮ꣬ˣҰְʡоԱҲũҵڵġѰְͥŮ
ӵ˵ӽ쿪ʼǽΪޣ󲻹ܷ꣬Ҷ㡣
лͻȻĺܸжſ˵ⱲӣΪɡ
ЦźΪమ
лЦ
ȥǴ
½֮վſĿǳţһֱ󣬸ں濴лϻΣӭ׵Ķ̡
˿šкЦ˵һ£ˡ
תӭ׵Ķֱ

лɴ۵ĹǺڶһ类޶ƤܣʣҪ˯һ˯ż
лʣȥأ˯ɣ쵼ҪһЩ¡
ЦŰš

޳̸˵»ܷ¬ԾлɣУлҲ͡
˲кӣֻ¬֪޳˵˼䣬ȥ¬æͣЦ˵æˣ⼸ľ룬һûôء۵Ĵ۾ȥ˯
˿̫̫˯ˡ
»ĺôû˴ţ鷿ſˣдʾļ䡣
лɱԹװ޸칤̫̿鷳ˡ
Һ⣬ʲôܣĽһһĺã뽫ɶůˡ
лˣͼֽһ룬ʣ˵ů׳ɲɣ
һûҵա
лйûգҵҲԡ

£²ŰѸů̸ɡԺůҲ޺ˣ֮ǰĸ󣬹˲ǹ֮ױо顣
ܴۡů˺󣬴ղǵ鷿ů紺
̫̫¶ͽ̫̫Ҳˣ̫̫òϹء
Ȱĸ񻹱ǲõ¡

µ칬̫̫̫̫ôլ˶סЩʱա
˴޳̺¬ϣ˶ڴĸﹲ֮֡
Ĵ޳޻˵
޺ƺʹӽأ쳣æµѾδȥˡ
ŮǶ̫̫ڸ빬ֽ޺Ҳ⡣
ͨˣŶó

Ϊл˵˾䣬Ժʣ˵ڼһֳҪٺж١
ľ˼ܾ޴Ļݣתġ
ĺǶŶӵ棬Ĵܳˡ
޳̺¬˵ͲţžͲһ¡
¬ϱԹųɻ飬ʲô˵
޳ҲͲСˡҲ˵ˡ

죬磬޳ٹ٣³ٷϴˣ޳̸ⶨĳʼƾûɡ
׼ĵǻʽ¡

һͽƾˣһ͹淶ֻȡʵѧ֮ˡ
޳̿һա
ҹáҦС޺ơһ顣
Ҧȱ̬˾ٷͬ죬ĳԸΪ˾С
Ķ֪˾ٻ߸뺮ŵĽ׼֮֡

½ֻʣֵˣ˵ɵ˼ıֱˡδζץסҪʱͼıɼ򲻿ɲ֮巴ˡ
޳ЩԺ˵նڸ£Щ
˵˵ţҲЦ




139. [] һʮ   

ӺԪ, ɵ۵ǻųƺ
ɵ۵ǻ󣬹Ͳ, չũҵ̫ӴТ, ʷƳɺʢ

ûȴ޳̵ǻ, ʹл, سΪҪļ֮ǰлȥϵ
ȱȱˣҦر޳̵, ˻Աɡ
ЩһŲ, Ϊ·, ޳ѹŷ۲, ޳̵ǻʱѾ˻ˮ
лָŽ, п˵ˮ֮սлһս춨лҵĵλлǰȨ
ʷ, ÿһĽ, , ͼ

ߵ˳ĵĺۼ, ϷһƬӵʱʱŮͣ˴˻͸лɣлɲʶ, ʣ˭ģ
סˣļǵãġлɿŰϵȺпϷƯ
Ц˵ϲԺͶߡ
лҡͷ֣סﶼһֵطһҪ
Цĵࡣ
лЦ˵⽭أҪȥ½֮ҴӦҪ޽ӣǿͽܣԺҪ;ġҵףһ֮

½֮ǰسְǴ˳˽ͣû˸ҵλүȻҲҵ½֮ߣ⽭سɼȻֻ̫֪㹤ԱҪˡ
˵Ҳǣǰ;Ҫˣ漸ǧﱱϾΪޡ
лһţú˵ģŶֵôڻ𣿡
ôֵãҰĿɴء
лɻͷ˺ľɫЩп˵û㣬һŻΪѡ
һĿ˵û£ƫƫˣͽԵˣԵʻᡣ
лЦϿˮ·Ĵʣݳ̻֮𣿡
ǡ
ж𣿡
Сǲжź
ﻹ̨нܭ𣿡
ʲôط
κĶȨġʮ˾̨ܭǣǺõط
Цֻɽͩ
лɴһ£ҲЦ˵Ҳ˵ǵʱķ϶ˡ˵һ˵׼ͻȥˡǲ˭ǵ˭ˣ
ŤͷʣܰϹ𣿡
лɲȷ˵Ӧãܰɡﲻ˵˻𣿡
̵˵̫ˣ㶼ʱЩеûˡ

⽭ס˺ܾã⽭ֲĶµ⽭ڽɹ̿ű
ȥ߿ţлȥ½֮һţԼ²裬½֮ںõ鷿־˵ˣһŮ㣬˵л
½ֱ֮æţЦӯӯվ⣬ЩʧĳЦ˵½֮Ҳˡ
Щţվ⡭

лҲǽŲ֪ļªӣһĸˡ
ԺﾲĵģʲôûСԺһ˺ϱôֵͷۣЦ˵һܳϿ϶񡣡
½֮΢΢Ц˵ãʱҲˡ
֪ж硣

Ųµˣ˵Щʱն޽ּ̣⣬ɾİɣ
лɼ˵ǵǣhʶʶʢġһ·ߵ㡣
ֻ˳·ѣ½֮Ҳˡ
鷿лûһ˯ɢģʱ䣬Щ˼˵ʲôûڿջ

½֮˵żЩǳϦѧġµ׼ˣܶճɣֻҪϵ궼µָ֣ܻ꣬
ϵƲһŲʣҲȤ
Сѧľ׳֮ЩˣЩȲİգôԼҲ񣬿ȸūĵȸūµ־˰ա˵еľ
ֻһ㣬ȨѾûȤ

ճʱл˵緹ʱˣ㳢زˡ
лҲ棬ڽⲽˣֻǶͣܺһ
лɻһװ˽ϵС˹ݣزζ嵭ʶЦ˵½ˣ
ЦЦ˵дѣ׼ֲ˰ɡ
Цߺȣ˷ˣҶдô˵ѣ
лЦɵĺ˵½֮Һϲ켣оӣ̻
Ц

л⽭ͣ˽£µĲ䡢溦¼½½½֮дĲˣ޽ӵĹˣ«ϼ޽ϣ½֮һһ㶵ġ
ȶ˺Ҫ̻سˣ飬̫Ů޳̷Ҫôٰ졣лҪȥ׼顣
Щʱһֱƹµ켣粡ͳ溦⼸ϵҲС

س֮ǰ½֮˵֪㰮裬Ǳزʲô裬ʤζظʡҲûʲôˡ
˵̹̹һƶһ䡣
лͻȻȣӶ֡

½֮ݷΪʮأȼ͡óɵ۰δǶܣһֻĩƷְ֮һδɻ飬ũƣɵ䣬ߣӽߣʹոԣһ·ʰţ½շתشũƼ޽Ӽµ֣֮֡ʮ꣬ϣɵ۴ͺšˡ

÷ⳤͿɱȼ̫ӣֻͣͷΣסڴڵլҳ겻ڸУŷ˳⣬Ḷ́޽˳ݵľ˽ʮ꣬Ӵ˳ݣϵʹֻա·̲ũҵõ˴չ
ɵλڼ䣬֣¹Ͳţһ٣÷ٴﵽ˶塣

Ӻʮ꣬¬Ѿˣ̫̫ڣѾ٣ЩͿôʶˡ
޳Ҳлѹ֮궼޺󣬺¬˵֣Ҳ֣Ǵ£ôأ
¬ϵ˵Ǽ֮
޳̾㵵ĿĬ˰ΣԾΪǴǳ׹ɵġ
޳ۿɼĲˣҲˣ˽ʹܰ㣬ЩΪߣֻãڷҡ֮ǶҪƴ֮û𡣡
Ĵ󾪣ڵ
볯˵Ϊ˹ֱԸ㣬ڳżߡ
޳̺¬ϸп̵֮ĺܺá
¬ϺЦ˵һľϢĶӣɳһӶ˷ҵŮһǡ

Ӻʮ꣬лɴһЩһֱͣŴߡ
سֻѰУ׻壬ŵüε顣ЩΪ˶ѶŮȺֻˡ
ûа취ҽƺƽǲġ

лɿŴüЦŰοԽãϵ֮ԽŨҵһμʱ㵱ʱڿջĴĵĿź裬رĲҵһ۾ͱˡ
֣Щ˵˵ֻҪˣҸһӵĺ뿴ʲô趼ԡ
л̾û£ôͲأܼ죬ͺˡ
ҲСǳȺǣʮʱ䣬Ѿ˳

Ĺ¸Ҳȥ


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