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Ҷʾˮڣռ֣ԺȲ
в˶Ҷ޵Ҫúʰһ٣û뵽Լȥˡ

Ʒǩ ġǧɱϡԽʧ

ԭ2316£



1 ƽ

ĩҶռ˴Ϊӭĩĵû뵽ǰAǵʱгǧʱǰһڣĪľʹԽ
ϾɵƤûһʮ͵ϢһЩˣŮ·ʽʽɽװް¡ë¡ëء¾ɲƼ̬ʵͽ޶ˣëشʱֵŮҶûмġ
Ű߲ĳĴСϱǲŲ׼ͨ˵żҳڶ̣ҶȴǿʲôƱʲôƱģôס
Ҷ˿ϿƵȻﾪ㵡졢֯һζ֪
Ӧĩٵ׼Ҳĩɱ¾׼ͻȻԽһ˲ľţܿԼ侲
ÿͬ־ǣǰվƽվҪ³ĳ˿ͬ־ԼƷ׼³гվºϣҪӵ
ƽǣ
ʵĸһӾѹס˳ĵҲɹҶع
ƽҶûѾڻ˽Сʱˡ
ֲǺ͹һ³һֱһ죬·ػأ᲻£Ҳ֪һط
»𳵵˶࣬Ҷ˼˼룬Ҳ³ˡ
Ҷûע⵽³ʱͬһεҲ³ˡ
ƽǻվǴվΪе𳵣Ա߲ԶתԻվ岻С
һɫëش£ɫ㣬ͬɫϵĹϥѥɫ£һͷƯɫĴɢ࣬ϾµױݸԵ毺áҶһ³˲˵Ŀ⡣
˵֮ǰڻ𳵵ĳ￴˶΢Ŀ⣬װģ͵͵ģĽģģô˻𳵺̨Ŀϵ߾͸һЩ
Ҷ治ǲ֪ԼһۣԽ̫ͻȻ˵ˣڳ￴ЩĿʼɡĽ;޺ȴûõľǻɵߣɴ˵óԼôŲֻ࣬˵ӱɫȻ˴ˡ
ջشվߣҶĿٴβɨΧ޳˫뿪̨
ʱڣɶĿ⣬ʱҹһɵĴ˸
ϵĴ£ϵĺŮ˵Զʧ·˰ֹһ֣Ҳû롣
·̨߹ǼŹ򳵵ɫĳľΣǳŲһ鲻һûжᡣ
ƺɨ˼ۣȴѾԼ·߹ĵطһΣҶû֮ǰ޴;㵡
ֲڵˮǽڴ¿ʼˢɫᣬɫЩϾɣѾмˡżеĵطˣ¶µĻɫˮࡣ
ľĽǴһЩơ
һкҶִĲͬʱûоһֻڵʱ
ɨ˼ۣҶ۵׵ľ죬ŴݵĲ򶨵ĳ˻վ
ֻվʱ򣬿źʳ¯֪ͨʱɨǺֽϵʱҶɫ΢䡣
ʺɫֽĵĺɫָӵۡ
һ꣬ʮһ¶ʮա
Ȼǰֻڵ￴ģһ˻ɵ
һЩվ˽ӵһ˵ЦŶгͣŵĵطͣǮҵԼĳƳȥȥﳵ˽һţʹź˵һ·˵Ц뿪ˡ
Ҷߵ·վǵͳнĸ߸ЬҲȻֹסһ紵˲ɵĴ˸
ĿɨһȦΧȫȻһƬİҶ䣬˵ĺЦ
ٴĩӦô棬ҲAǺٴάԼӦôദôĩ໥֣ɾûԼᴩԽ
ռʹãҶ洩ԽĵһʱˣԺȲĸĩ
ҶվڽֱüӣһһķΣٸԼһˡǰڵ¼ҹˡ
ĩɥʬɥޡƴɱҪҴߵնδ·Ӧò߲ǡô룬ҶƺһЩֻ뵽ĩﱣԼΪˣͷЩࡣ
ԽĩԿɲɥʬ޺ĳЩҴߡ
ǣ磬ôأһĩĲ̣
ܿյƽ磬ıЩͲϸдϣҲҪ̫棬ɰǱġ


2 ٻ¥

ŲЩأٳȥȫȻİ֪Ӧĸطߡ
ҶۣһͷɫͷһЩһ۾Ϳվ·ߵ
ɨһۼһƱվĹվҶ˽վͶߣһ˲ӡ
ϵľ£þöǰŮ뿪ıӰ˼ֱԶˣŻ
ϳƱҸλ£ĵŵվ
ɵĽֵ··ǺܴһһмûмʱҲῪɡҶ뵽ҡͷӳվѾСʱˣʻûмĻ
Լڻ˵żﳤ̶ɸѡѶϢҶǻһĨ޵Цͷòȱòƻڼƻô·Ϲ·ܡ
гżмȻִЩƯµгǶʮɽг
ԵĽǻҺڴֲڵˮǽżмɫשͷ¶Ҳȱͷβġ
ҶߵĲ죬ż·ͿдǽѾĺɫﻹһۣʱĿһֱǿǰԼ߹ĵط
ҲԵ·ҶһӱĴϾµױݼصΧ¾·϶мʵͽŮЩ롣
ûв˵Ĵһ㣬Ҷ治첻š
뿪վ󣬺ܳһ·ԶǿտׯڵأҪ·ϻţҶ涼ҪΪԼѡˡ
ͺǸ¥ñֵǵͰƽżм¥Եøͻأ߲¥ҪôѧУҪôҽԺҪôǰٻ¥
ƽǰٻ¥
һǺɫģҶԶԶͿˣ߽˽һ£ԼҲŽȥˡ
žͿһһŵľܿǽڷţϰڷŶǰдɫ·ɫӵۻԱʮ̨ǽڿðۻԱͺĻ˸
һϸ˿Ŷǽϵżľӡ
ʳƷƷ̾Ʋ𲿡֯
װһ㣬˵ϾɣûûĿƷ棬Ʒȫ
һжҶ濴治ѣûмġ
ҶûǮ
ȻǮĸȥĲƲܹӻʮӡ
Ƴһڹ̨ǰŮŮﻨ̵ֽҺƱȯɲΪԼĺɫãǼڸжܴ͸֧ˢϡ
Ҷ治˵òŴ綼ƽˣӦЩԼĺã
ΪֻҪ˶žˣһɨȥԷŮܿͰĿ˻ȥ
ҲΪĴţʵʱۻԱԴ˵̬Ȳһ
ͬ־ԧôһ˿𣬴һЩĵĵ
ѧôˣҶЩڣֻΪں˼
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ҲǿҶŲۻԱŪҶҲЦţûһ˿ͺҪϵ뷨
Ҫһٶʮ˿ǮʮŹҵȯ
һϲˣȴûǮһٶʮ˿ǮĸµĹʣҵȯͲ˵ˣʮǮһŹҵȯһ¹ʲŶʮ˿ëǮҵȯûݵġ
Ҫҵȯ˻Уʱ٣Ȼÿ¹ʮǮҲһŹҵȯɻӺ͹أûôǮһ񱻣ֻܸɿˡ
ҶۻԱеĹҵȯʲôȴûдǼ
ɫĶۻԱ΢ЦлҶֹ˱Ĺֻ̨Ҫ½ŲϼۣһȦ֪¥ȥ
ȻǼƻҶ洹еľȣһҲ̧ͷһƬݣδа仯
һ¥˽ײȵƷǵǹ̨̾ƹ̨̨Ʒ̨Ʒ̨Ҷ滹ͷһЩɫ޵ͷ
һ䣬һӺһľ̨һЩŮƷҪҶ⣬ŮСĺۻԱ˵ʲô治֪ǲͬڱ̨ľŮƷ
ȻĴҴƳ˼ۣҶ濴ĶûдֶҪĸƱȯ
ʱôÿģлһֱҡҵСɰǣҲӭźĶĵСɰǣǱġ


3 

¥ǷװЬ࣬¥ǼҾߡ
·ɫûкͷ׶ʣɫҲ٣ֻȴǺɫɫɫɫ
ƤЬȻûкɫôֶɫɫɫͺɫɫеġ
ҶΪԼѥüʱȴи̨ڷ˼˫ѥӣȻֻСȶǡ
ȻѥҲͲżҵطԼϵĳѥˡ
ٻ¥ţҶڽʱ˰ٻ¥վſڿһ£ٴǰߡ
·꣬»ĸ֣ҶĪЩиС
һ£Ž˽ȥ
겻󣬼İڷ¾ɲһ鼮
ǽϹһйͼҶվ˼ۣҵԼһ·ĵͻվվĵ֪˴λúתȥ
ֽ⣬Ҷһɷȫ顷һ
ֽűë̺Ƥһ鴩Խģһ·ҶҸصĵطյռȥһ£»֪ʲôŵĺãʱҪӿռõʲôҲиڵͳ
ŷ˼ҳ΢飬ɫʱЩѿٳ˱Ƶ鼮ԷһҶɡ
ԣⲻѧϰʷܶ鶼пģڵ￴ģ˵Ĳһ
״ԽһʲôطѵǴǰǴƽ磿
Ȼ֪Խһʲô磬ҶͨͼԼڻģͬģҲ֪ԼǸڻƾռȥûл飬ȴΪѵġ
ҲѾ˶ˡҶһĨЦŻȥѹͷһĨתݵĳꡣ
죬̫һɽͰĺܿ졣
תۼ䣬ֵ·𣬸ϼʮ׾һյûкĹ·ɢųȻƻƵĹâȻ͸ȴҲ·
ӹҶŲûԽǰԼӴԽ緹һûԣѾĵˣӲˡ
ûطȥֻʶǰߣѹͲ֪Ҫߡ
ټƽǣԱ˵ȥҴңԹģûĿĵأҲûпŵĵط
·дҶûߵ뷨ڻϿ˵˵ģסдҪ֤߽ţȻû취סġ
ɲ֤ǽţҶû˵ˡ
ô죿
Ҷһ˲Ļһ£ܿ죬
ʱ˱ˮڣҲûˣ˵Ҳ鲢ûô⡣
СˣҲ¡ĩˣҲûʲôǳŲȥġ
ôһ룬Ҷеɫ¼֣ƺĮˡ
ֵϵ٣ûã·Ҳرˡ
·ϨΧҲ׵ĺ
·ϣҶ澲վ˺üӣŽͷ¹Լ֮ǰ۲ľ¥һͬȥ
ԶһôµӰζһ£Ҷͬȥʱ򣬺Ӱ𽥰θߣܿ죬ӰӴ˳
ߣ졣
ŵ㣬ʡıˡ
ӰֹţŵĳҶȥĺͬȥ
һ˸£ϵ·䣬ŲɵĿ˼֡
ϽŪŪ˻ȥģֶġ
ǴӻվͶСˣСһͲƽǵˣҲ֪ƽʲôǺȥ˰ٻ¥ȥ꣬ҲŻһ磬Ӷһֱл
һСͬҶת䴦ǽͣ£תӰģ¹£ֻһһˣϸһڲ
˭
Ҷ̫侲ˣûһŮͬ־ʱľźͺµľٶڿʱ򣬽Ųɵͣ£˶һۣ뿴Ҷ档
ҪУСС
ƱǮ
صѹ͵ɤв˴ӻͳֳǰ˼
ٵģ
Ҷü˵ʱΥ鴦쳣ϸôˣ
㣬ʵǮܱСĺãҪȻɱǸˡȻͣɶݺݵǵ׺ݡ
Ҷ棺ûǮҲûƱ
ҲݣɵأŮ˴ݰףϸƤģһûаģ˵һˡ˵ûǮƭء
Ҷ˵ʵ⻰ǿܵı֣˵һŭ첽ǰҪҶֽ
ֽܸ߼ӣ֮ǰҲڴʱ򿴵ֽһƤǮƱ϶档


4 

ڰ˶ʱҶ漸ĺ˼ܿĶһֻҲ΢ȥ
⶯˿ҪǮҪľٶ˶ûע⵽Ҷŵֲֽ֣ԭͿյ֡
ƲԣԷƣ
Ÿ߸˵ߣŭɶһܿģȻŮ˶ȥˣȥ϶ҪЦġ
˴ǰΪǸһ磬޴ûʲôŮʲôɱ
ȻƺҶԴȶûкȣҲ֣Ͼ鲻ǵһˣŮֳֵ˻ҿںȵģ඼ǮƱ
ڰٴοʱҶ۵׵һּĻӳǰҪİͫǾͿ־壬ӲҪ˵ʲôȴҲ˵ˡ
ڸĥ䡣߸˱ͬǰֵɣֻҪܾͿԣ֪Ķſʼͣˡ
ΪǵëַˣϾŮģȷƯ˵ǸˣҲ񫣬ûĴߵˣˣ㡣
ֻȴŮ˲Աĸǻ㶵վţ˯һ߸˶ʱˣݣţʲô
䡱һ죬ż˺ҹգݵ˼䣬Ҳø߸˿µ
ֻԭסͬ黺£ӦþĿ޺ɵŮȴĿĿԼ
߸۾͵󣬿ͬ鵹غǲŴľӨ״ĶһҲתҪͬȥ
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ɱˣ˾ֵ캰
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תһ߸˾ˤڵء
һ룬¡
ƺûио䵽ϵԼѸٵʪһҶɨһ۵ˣĻת״ľ飬ɢ˿˿
Ǵĩϵߣֵô֪Aĩֻǰ
û뵽ԽɱˣǶõܡ
ջܣҶһӣǰŴľ޴Ƕڸ߸˲ϵı鶼ۼٶڻˡ
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֣ղź˽еģѵղ˱ˣ
뵽½ȻЦһ£ܿģЦˡ
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겢ܰѽŲڸסҶ滹ûüôʬ壬Ҳûüӿռȡ¸ԼϣǽĽŲʱɫɱ䣬ӣҪɱˣ
½ȻôҲû뵽ѭϸ΢ѪζͬȻ￴һĻ
Ĺ£һʪŮͬ־ͰվǣԶʬôˢţ鿴ĵѪζһʬϺ˵Ѫġ
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̶̼ӣ½ȻǾѾ˺ü
飬ֲףϲСɰҪղذȻҲҪƱƱġ


5 

Ҷ͸кĴżˣ죬Ŀڣҡ
ȻʧȥܣҶ滹̵ģѸ侲ֿһĻ˼ûоŵҲûдȣɴ˿ɼҪôʺãҪôǼĳ棬ֻԭ򡭡
ʲôʱģˣʲô춯ʱҲ١
ֻǣҶգı˲ʧˣҲûܸ
Ϊڱʧ˲䣬֣죬ڱĴ£Ӧøǣ˿̾Ȼͬڿİ·һȵҪð
ȶȲȴűĴ꣬ʱʱһ紵ҶֻԴԺˡ
ȿȿȡҡҶٴοڣԭǽϵϰҲΪŲסĻ档
ղ˳װģôҶûаˮϵ£ҧŴ꣬ǿŲԼС
һǰһĻ½ȻֵͲܿסˣԥһҶǿ
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ȣĽ½ȻûдҶĻɵֵüͷĹʪôء
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Ҷƿصӿ˿żˣȴû˵ʲôŻһѪǰһڣҲ֪ˡ
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Ҷʪܵģı˵һˣûҲܶȻܼ򵥵ļһ£̫ΣգʿҶ滻ʪ͸·


6 

ʿֽܿΪҶ滻һˬĲŷȻڸҶ·ʱﲻͣľ̾
Ůͬ־һҾͺܺã·ѥһͺܾ󣬻σָͣҲ֪ģرÿ
һʿõҶϻױ¶԰ȴɾʱ˶һۣǾ޺Ľ
ĽգϧҲ֪Ůͬ־ʲô飬ôء
Σˡ
㱨·Ѿã˽ȥ½ȻŵĽŲɨһۣϵƷҲûֹ
һԵĻʿһ䣺ͬ־㻹Ȼȥ·ҪȻ𣬰ϿһɣҪȻᶳġ
½Ȼû£һỹмҪȥһˡȻô˵ǲɵĶ˶
Ǽŷú¯ڣҲǻ·ˣҶȻǲҰϢѾƽȺܶ࣬һʼʱҪһ
½ȻڻϾͿҶ棬Ȼ֪ʲôǹܿҶ汻ʿɾʱһ¡
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˻ǰ˵ԼȣղſߵѪƫͷһԵˡ
½Ȼͷԣǰȷĺȡ
䣬Ҫ½ȻĻһϵҶüͷݺݵʶĺȣȡ
ͬ־㡭ҪҶѯʸоûе૵ҶŻһѪ
ղŲɾӶʱȾ˺ɫѩ׵Ƥ£ԵĴޱȡ
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˫ֺܿ뿪ˣҶոչüͷΪʹٴ𡭡
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7 ʧ

ܵͷԣӦ˵ж׼ȷ
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½Ȼ˵ͷûн͡
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8 

ߵݺܿͱˡ
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9 

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10 ̫

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11 ǹ

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12 ̫ù

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û뵽ͷҶ治ʣ½Ȼһ£ܿ񣺡ԡ
㿴Ұ𣬾ͣһֽװһűë̺һﻹм
·͸ůƬϣѥӺӶڣΨֽװë̺ͰҶǵãصʱ򣬶ߵģû½ȻҽԺȴ²ܡ
ЩжҪҶҪ֪½ȻʲôûС
ᣬҶ泹׵ĴӼܺļѹ
û뵽ܣղŹڼģͱˡ
һ˻˵Ҷ治ǣܡ
£ɣҲ֪ʲô³
ν˹ëǴҪиھӺʶҪиһЩֻҪ΢һ¾֪ˡ
ԽʱڻϣһĵطҲƽǣʲôʶ˿֤ġ
Ϣûô죬ԺߣҲǵ鵽Ľ챻֪ѡ
ҶһʼĴϣϼ죬ȻһﵽƫƧĵط취ûнŲ˵ʲô¡
ΪӦĩ·⣬Ҷռ׼ĸʽĳɲ٣Ūһϸ·Ϣʲô¡
ǣƻϲϱ仯
ƫƫ˹ܣƫƫû侲ûпס
ĶûھȵˣԺ͸ù½Ȼ˵˳ʵҶͬ־㻹ǵʲô𣿡
ҰĶûʲôֵǮĶһһں죬һۺС
½ȻʣҶ˵Ϊʲôϳںͬ
һ£Σ˼С˵·϶͵ˡ
͵ˣ
ţи䣬ôװҵ·֤ǮƱҶһ˵ţһֱȻֱϵܻڣȻʱ򳶵˵ƿǵĹæָס
Ҷо˼ĿܣǸмȻż˵ǣȥϴּҵ䲻ˣһͬеҲˡ
ҡҶͷ˫ֻ˽ʣ˵ûǮҲû֤סд
ںͬԸһϣڶ취ģǡ
˵ɫһ˲ѿҰײҰ׵ģµҧס촽üǿѹеľ壬϶˵û뵽ͬ棬ҷֵʱ¼ˣæľҪܣҲ֪ȵʲôˤˣܣͳˡ
˵㷢ֵʱѾˣ
ҶͷţҪǴһ£ҿ˹սǴ¶ȣŵӿҲ֪ڡ
ʵ½Ȼ֮ǰҶҪʬսռģԥһӾͷˣΪ˲Ǵͷ̽ģʱûʬŪϡ
ƺ뵽ǿµһĻҶ岻ɵĶ˶ʶսԼȫһЩ
ԾһҶҪҶͬ־Ҳ̫ùˣĸͬãƫ˵ĺͬ
ںͬʬ壬ûʲô͵ش磬˵ĳ˵һŮͬ־ˣһˣ͵ؿҲᱻŻɣ
Ҷˤûˤ½Ȼ֪ʱȷԺͬڵķ򣬲Ұһܵһɵһ


13 

Щƺûʲô⣬½Ȼ룬˵ʧǲҲ˵Ҷûκ֤ʵ
Ҳû£Բѵʱû취飬ѹˣ׶ˡ
Ҷͬ־ܸܲң֮ǰסʲôģ㵽ƽʲôģ
ѰסҶˡ
ǰսʧɢĴڣ˵Ѱף˭ҲĻ⡣
ҵõҲ֡
ͷͨ㣬ϢԱ˭Ҳ֪ʵʲô
½ȻҪʲôʱҶ濪ˡ
ҽΪʲôҾһ񱻻չһۡ˵ʱҶ濴½ȻһĨɡ
½Ȼһ飬æڣҿûжʲôιȥҾͼҴҵ㵽ҽԺˡ
ʲô񣬺ʲôһ
½Ȼ⻰Ҷ״Ǻܲ˼ǣǣҲ˵½ӳǻˣǡղŹҽ˵һ죬ѵŵȻ˴ԭ𣿡
˾ͻôãҲ̫˰ɡ⻰ҶԴ졣
ǣ㡭½Ȼ죬ȴû˵꣬ǿܡӦΪҽ˵ȽϺʰɡ
һԵĹܷĲ֪ж𣿡
Ϊ֮ǰ½ȻԾ͵Źܵ˵ʬ챨飬ȻûҪܿ˼ܵȻҲȻˡ
жҶԲĿŹֿ˿½ȻԾҲûӹߡ
ʲô˼ʲôжжˣ
ڹܿڵʱ½ȻֻǿһۣûдҶɻĿԼ֤ɵͷ
Ҷ״ҡһͷ͵͵жʲôôж
ţֻҶԼӦܷɣΪ֢״ĩʱ˵ֻһֱԵѡ
ղʱҲŵܣܺʧһȫûټȻ˵ʲôɲúû¡
ֻǣû뵽ᱻ϶жˣҲãʡˡ
ǵ˼ҪңҶ̧ͷһ޴Ŀ½ȻԾ
Թѣֲòˣܿ
Ծץץף죬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôãֻĿ½Ȼ
½ȻӣĵԶ׼뺦ô¶
ʵڹ˵Ҷʮǰ¶ʱ½ȻͲţ˵Ҷʲôϵˣܾ˵ģֻǵùѡ˸˵ĺͬѡ
ж͸¶Ų򵥣˭Ե޹ʵĸ¶õôյĶ֪ʲô
㲻Ҫ̫岻
ܵĻ½ȻȴҶһüͷţһֻؿڣ鼫Ϊܡ
Ҷͬ־㡭
½ȻĻû˵꣬ҶѾȥˡ
Ծɵˣ˵Ҷͬ־ôˣúõģô˵ξˡ
ûڼιȥˡʣΪҽĹȻһԸɿˣֽİҶŪ¡
Ҷͬ־Ķرͻûɾ֮ǰʧѪ࣬ѹ˼ˮûжûгԣܳôѾˡ
⻰Ծ½Ȼˣƺе۸˵ĸо
װεҶܵĻžöӺöڶӺװΣûгճǼơ
ûиҶͬ־׼ʳ𣿡½ȻԾ
Ծֲ˼½ӣҶͬ־ѹˣһʱҲˡ֮ǰ׼죬˶ûѣ׼˾ˣʲô°
˵㡭½Ȼεҡͷ
Ҷͬ־ҩˮûˣȥлʿԾΣÿǿҪյĵƿæ仰ͷܳȥˡ
ҶĩѧķԼĴлͺͣǵܽģ취˺üεΣա
֪ҶװΣһҽʹõİ취ûᣬĻ˳ιȥġ
ҲԼΪʲôҪ˵ǴаʾĻƺӦʱ򣬻Ѿˡ
ĩΣյİ취½ȻȻǿģԾ͸˵ˡ
Ҷιȥû취ˣ½Ȼֻʱա
ʿĻ˵ƿӹ¿ҩˮӾͳȥˡ
Ծ˿ϵҶ棬ֿ½Ȼѯʣ½ӣô죿
½Ȼɨһ۸ղԾ¼Ķһ£̧ͷоҶ没ĹܣʣΣҶͬ־Ĳʶ𣿡


14 ֵĻ

ϵҶһ©һģҲ֪ĻشȻҶܲµĻش֮ǰ˵һ
ҡͷûӡ󡣡
֪ҶٴﻹЩѹ
½ȻҶͬ־ʶģܼҲ֪ʲô
Ȼ½ȻҲ֪ⶫֻҪ΢飬˵Χʣ֪Ҷ漤˼٣жԺ״̬УеϲȸԾû취װġ
ҵȷûӡ󣬻ǰȹ⻰˵꣬ٴηĲ½ӳûˣҾˣʵǱ߻¡
½ȻͷҲܵĵˣĵû⣬졣
˵˵ҲûҽȹĲ˲˵ǧģҲв٣ǲסǺ
ֻǡ½ȻĿ⿴ϵҶ棬Ҷͬ־ģɲŵʡﶼǳμģܾȹûӡ
½ȻܿȻˣҽԺҽʿ˽ֹҽû˵˷е㲻ˣв˶˵һ˿ˣҽԺкܻһãȻֲ˭˭
ҶţµܣܣǾҰһĩң
˵ԼΪʲôҶ棬ûкڳֻЩϲֲƿصĸоԼʵ˼Сʱ
һʼҶװΣܿģţ˾˯ȥˡ
½Ȼ˿СʱҶ涼ûѹϹ˵Ҫ£ֻöԾһԼϻؾ
ٴεҶ没ʱѾʱˡ
ͳԷԾͷǴкǰһЦҲ̫Ĵ˰ɣװξװΣô˯ˣ˯ô
뵽ȷҪ˯лָҲͲˣٸҩˮһǣҪȻûбܻ
ҹͣһ
Ҷưô꣬ţҲ˼֡
ԾϴּȥˣҶû۾ȡܵһа˱
ѹһˣǻûôӦԣɴͼװˣԾȥһ£ҶԳԵ㶫θĲʡ
ȻйĵΣθĸоҶܣҲҶȣϾѾûнʳˡ
ٿ˵İ˱࣬һսռȥˡ
ʱƽйһŵƵİ칫½Ȼϵһܵüͷ߸
Űֽϼ¼һЩҪѶϢһһĻһԡ
軭ĺǱ棬üۺ̬ҶҪǿһᾪȲѣʮģĻ
绰ͻȻ½Ȼ͵ֱָһϨ𣬽˵绰
½Ȼ
½Ȼ绰˵һŵ绰ͷԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽء
ǣǡ

ǣ֪
ͨ绰˵жʮӡ
ҵ½ȻԼ󿿣ٴ䵽Ϻͻϣ˼š
ҽԺл˽Ϳʼæȡرĵʱ½ȻҪҪʱҶ飬ȻҲýԾ
ǵ굵ݺ˲鸴
оһСʱԼ˽ϱȻһֱڰ칫ҵϢ
ղϢ½ȻҶΪʲôжһҲˡ
ΪŮΪĸĸΪãǱߵ˶ֲ֡
ҶϷ򸾶ΪӵľǵŮΪǵŮҪǱߵͬ־˵ܾ֪ʲôܰŮعģû뵽Ů뿪ǵڶˣǵŮҲ֪١
Ϊ֪Խ٣ŮԽȫ뷨ҶϷ򸾶϶ŮĴںģΪܣƽҶլ֪ҶС㳤ʲôģǱ˹˶ֺ̽Ϣ
ƫƫǱǱߵ˿ӣҶͬ־оյĻصƽˡҶ϶϶ŮΪӣҲ֪ԼʹΣվأŮʮֻ꣬ƽƽֵĳ󡭡
ǡԲסҶ϶ϣҲԲסҶͬ־
½ȻǵãѯҶʱжǾȻǲţٽžǱǲزסİȻһǱ׽ˡ
ǲʱʲô
Լһ˻ԹȫȻİزģƽǵ·һܲףʧͬе˲ˣҲΣˣܶ㿪ãҲҶ϶ıŵĽ


15 Ķ

˰صĻǴǰȥۿڽ˵ҶլõģҪȻǱߵͬ־֪Ҷģڵͬ־͸֪ˡ
˼˲ŰΨһ֪˾£˼ǹҶѾˣʣľΣͷҪյĻ
ϵҶҪףҲۺܶ࣬뵽Ҷ϶Ϊ˱Ҷ˶ٹ򣬻©ķ¶Ҫײϣƶںͬˡ
½Ȼ뵽ҡͷ˵ĸп
֪Լ뿪󣬸ĸͳ
Ѱס
ǣѰӵףҶլصͣˡ
Ҷ϶ڲعİɣ
½Ȼ֪Ҷعʱ˫ô˵ģ֪ԼжķӦ֪һѾʲô
֣ҶĴĿԣôжʧ£ֻصƽء
˼ҶҶ϶ϳµϢʱѹŲ˵½ȻȻҶȨ֪ȻôҪˣҲֻհˡ
ʵҶˣڸۿڲˣҶصƽǣ½ȻڸǾתˡ
ҶĵڶλԲһôãڶ͡ѹˡ
ԭΪ½ȻȻڣԾҲʵģ֪һԾҽʿˮϴϴʱ;ĿҶһɻ
Թû°ɣҶûסˡ
ԾһСʱھҪҪԶʲôˣڵģҶôôòԾ
û°ʲô¡Ծһ㶣ȻҡͷҲӦҶ˼ˣЩ˼ץץԴ£æˡ
ǣԾҲֻǰһᣬûסĿˣҶͬ־Ҫﲻ˵
ҶԵͷƿ׼´
Ҷͬ־ҪȥҶ⶯Ծæ
ѹԾ̬ȾԺ֮ǰһȻҶ治֪ʲô飬ӽǺõġ
ҶεĿȥϴּ䡣
ŶãȥϴּȾͷֱߡ½Ȼĵָ·Ҫһͬ־㣬ȥˡ
ҶͷлܾԾҪһʿȥ뷨ŰĲŷôϴּŲȥ
ûʲôˣ֮ǰѪЩѡֻ֮ǰôأжԶˣһ°ҪͻģԸ߱⡣
½ȻʱѾתˡ
ҶڴͷŴ淢ֻŤͷһְۣͷת˻ȥ
״½ȻЩΣ״̬Ծ㱨ˡ
죬Ҳ֣ʱŴⷢҲ˵˭ܿ˺ܴĴٵģ廹ûлָɫ԰ףԵ
Ҷͬ־оô
Ҽˣںͬιȥʱ򣬻ȷʹѡҶ˵ţһЩǰˣҲ֪ʲôʱˣȻҪ
Ļ½Ȼ֪˵ʲôã֪ԭģ뵽ͷĻֻ
ʱͬеˣͶжˣ½ȻͻȻʵ
ˣҲģһԷ򸾣ʮģ
½Ȼյͷ˵ʲôһյϢҶе˶ѾˣȻΪ˻סҶһ˲ˣЩ󲿷ֶҶ϶ϽǰµͣΪԼС˶û˻
֪ˣû˻Ҷ϶̫Ĺˣ˵ڹڵЩף˵ʱֻ뻢ѨŪЩҪĶ̫̫ˡ
˵ֻԼҵͻԼŮùһЩ˱Ҷ棬ҲȻġ
½ȻȻ֪Ҷ֮ǰû˵ʵǣҲȻʧȥ˫ףصزļ磬ʲô֪ҪһԵĶ̹ˣ½ȻҪء
̫࣬½Ȼ˵ˣ廹ҪϢҪ񡣡
Ҷͷϵĳݻûȥ½ȻҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˣͷԼĶŵǰ
Ҷͬ־Ķ
Ҷͷһۣͷлл㰡½ӳ
½Ȼˣ㿴ûʲô
Ҷ汾뿴ģ½ȻˣҲʹ
ĶִԽصģЩй¶Ķջؿռˡֻһԭļ˶


16 

ͳһ׻ɫţƤ棬ӡŻڲ֣ŸӡһֺϢ棬Ҷע⵽һƽǡ
һǺɫСӡž֤һʳָÿʮʮϸĽʳϵҶ·
Ҷ·ôиôֵ֡
ҶֵĲҶ·ıӡ
̧ͷ½ȻҶһҲеʡ
ϻô򵥣ͷϸ𣿶һŪĳ򻧿ڣĴӡ½ȻϵƷҶ涼ҪΪ½Ȼˣˡ
еѯ½ȻЩڵĶǶҲˡЩΪΣյͺˡ
Ҷͬ־ЩӣǸ㲹ϵģߺ͹ⲻһû֤ɲСǰͱˣҪǣڻš
Ȼûй֤ͻȴ½ȻãҲˣϾҪİȫ⣬뷨濼ǺҲͬˣЩŸŪģһʱ͸͹ˡ
ȻȻû֮ǰ׼ĺãҲˣǹ¾Ȼ֮ǰҲһ˺úܶˡ
ҶӵͷüŻ½ӳ뾲һ
½ȻҲ֪Ҷ˿϶ܣ̾һԼţһ£⼸ֽϵúõϤúˡ
Ҷͷ½Ȼ뿪˲
ĶҶ˼ôˣ
ǣ½ȻΪʲôҪ
ղŻ˼ǰϳʲôˣ˵Ҫʲô飿
Ҷ治ʣֻ˳Ļɷϣ¾ƺ˵
٣ˣǺڻ
ֽϵϢӣ˼飬Ҷյռȥˣܻõġ
½ȻСʱģղŵܵİ칫ȥѯһĲ顣
ûʿ룬½ȻȻʿŻ뿪ɨһ۲Ƥ¯ӣչֽŵļҶǰϱˡ
ûʲô󰭣ֻҪҽԺҵƿʣĶͿԣҽԺҽʿڣ½ȻҲûʲôĵģ˵ҲԾʱġ
ƺԣ½ȻҲĺһûһ
Ҷͬ־ͷɫ
ҶĻץһͷǰббյͷϣָĦ£ȾҩˮȾģάĸ¡
½ȻȻĵͷĵȻ
꽭ϵװֶζȥˣıͷɫʲô˵Ҷ϶ҪûͣҲܲŮڹⰲȫ
ܴͷɫ۳ڣû˻뵽ûе͵ز䣬ţƽҲ˷һаɣ
ټ¶Ѿ϶ˡ
ͦͦÿġ⻰һڣ½ȻЩˣͻȻôһǻᱻΪḡɣ
Ҷȴû½ȻΪĲϲһ£֪ÿôȾ
½Ȼö֮Ľǳһ£֪Ҫ˵ʲôãһǹⳤģ˼Ϻ͹ڲһοڹڵŮͬ־³˼Ҳܻ͸ʲôˡ
˲ٵĵΣÿνҪϴּ䡣
ϴ֣ҶҪزȴЩɵͣ½Ų
ҵİɣҽ˵ˣҪҽԺС
ǰ֪ǮҪҪǲסԺ죬Һʹôء
ǶŮȰĸסԺҶͣ½Ųģ̫̫Ļ
ҲסûʲôҪסԺ˷Ǯ̫̫Ҫ˵ҶǿɲǰǰҶǿɲġ
ˣǶ˵ˣҶǹȥĽзڽƽǡ̫̫ĶӺΡ
ʲôã˼ЩϾɣ˼ɺⶼˣһֱǰ飬Ҫ鷳Ҫġ
һԵŮæһֱ̫̫ۣˣ˵ˣڽƽǣǽʱĳƺ˵Ͼɵġ
ڿˣ綼ɵϾɵĳƺˡ
ϾôϾɲ𣿡̫̫һʱˣǸˣҪϾɵҶǵĲׯ
ллСɰǵֺ֧͹½ͳһǧһŶڻÿǧ֣㱨ϣ


17 Ѿõļ

ҶǵҪҶڣͶˡôͲܽҶˣǰǡӵĵ磬һѸӣҪҶҸʳڲׯɻ綼ˡ
Լǣ㿴ңҿ㣬Ρ
飬ҲϰˣֹǣܹҶҾ˼ңһҶҸж£رЩ͵ͷ̫̫ǡ
Ҷûƽˡ
̫̫ţȻǺܴȴһԶŮĹѪͷһ㶼ģ˻Ҷ죬ֻŲӰ
̫̫˵ƽǰҶǣ
֪ôģҶһ¾뵽ԼϵҶ·Ҷ־;˵ĸоէһƽǰҶǣ͸Ӻˡ
һҲû뵽Լڽ˹ͷˡ
ҶǸװ׾ƯĹҽԺĲŷϴݸЦǺ棬һסԺĵĲˣʱ˽ġ
̫̫ͶԼŮ⡮оܲէһиСǰ棬Ҳǻˣ͸˵˵
ǰɲƽǣҶǡ
Ҷ߱һϸĺӦеְҵ£ʣΪʲôҶǣЩֵֹġ֪ΪʲôҶǵʱﲻҪȥ̽
ˣɺˡƺҶĻЩ̫̫ҲֻС棬ûк棬˵Сܶ鵱Ȼ֪ˣҶҶ˰
̫̫ټһԵһһŮĲ䣬Ҷ֪ƽǵǰҶǵ
ƽļҾ߳ľ֯٣нĸ͸Զһ쳧ǰҶʲȻҶٷ֮ʮҶҵĲҵ󲿷ֵغũҶҵġ
ķڷϲҶǣҶҵƾ١
ֻʲôͲ˵ˣȼóƶ˼ңǼ˰ŹҽÿΣ˼ҶҽݿҽҩѶһ롭
ǰҲҶһס˳еˣڼ롣
ƽǲһмȴչıʡǳлҪãҪ鹦Ҷ֮ǰľӪз
źҶ׳ȫĲҵֻƽһ¥լӡ
լӲ󣬱ҶȫصıԺׯ԰СȴҶϷѲӲҵ֮ʱŮĵطȻǷġ
ɲ֪
̫̫˵ҶüɫģԴ軨۾͸Ź⣬ЦϵƶҪŮŻȥϰ࣬ȥסԺ̫̫ڼ˵ȥ
½ȻһûҶȥ˹ԶԶͼҶվȾͷ淢Ҷͬ־ôˣǲ߲ˣҪҲ𣿡
Ҷҡһͷû£Ҿڲ̫ˣղſֻС񣬿Ȥ
½ȻĻһ£ûϿʲôС񣬵Ҳû⣬žﲻַˡ
ˣҽҩѡҶ濴½Ȼҿһʱû취㣬Ҫһʱ䡣
ҪŪǮѣռеǶҶ治ôͻǮҪȻ˸½Ȼ⡣
ҽҩѵ㲻ҪģѾ뱨ˣ㲻Ҫҡ
Ҷͷزϵʱһ߸Ǳӣһ״˵ҶǣзչҪá
½Ȼ˿Ҷͬ־ҶǰĽзˣڽƽǣ㡭Ҷĵ
˵㸸ףתһ룬ǰ⻰ȥˣ˴֪ͺˡ
Ҷ洹ͷĺһűӣߵ֪
鵭ģû֪жң֮ǰ̫̫һ˵ҶǴ˵ֵʱľ͵Ȼ֪̫࣬Ҷ滹ǹĵõȷеҶĸ
ͬͬһǵİɣ
ͬͬɺϣҶ·ɺϣôҶأ
ղվڴ߿ʱÿһԷ޴һСŮ߹СŮſĵЦݺ͸ĸҪ򵥵һĻȴҶ˳ѾõСʱļ䡣
Сʱ򣬰ְʹҪʲôʱŲָ꣬յĳǱģ˵ҳҪһǣҶǣͰְһסȥ
ȻҲҶҲֻɺ϶ѣҶĻǻ˵ĻңһʼĩʹԽҲûôҹ
Ҷ֪½Ȼ򵥣ɣûҪ׳ʲôɻԺĴڲǺڻƽ߶Ҫڹǡ


18 ˵

Ҷͬ־
ҶһĿԼ½Ȼ͵ҲûʲôǮʮǮƱţҪҺæˣȥҽԺʳóԷ
ǮƱҶĬ˼ӣֽӹ֣ؿڣ½ӳЩҽģǮ˾ͻ㡣
˵ǼٵģСûΪǮҶ̹ܿȻˣڶŪģҲ֪ˣûǮûƱûҪƴɣŲ롣
žǣʲôʱҡ˽͵ģ߹УȻ½ȻʱûҶ滹Ҫ뷨Ҳ޲ɡ
Ҷͬ־ʶΣ
Ҷͷҡͷʶǰȹңǣȵ̫ˣûʲôӡ󡣡
ô˵ﻳɣǹɣʶҪôʹԽˣԲʶҪôʧˣ
½Ȼ⻰ǲںˡ
ܺæȻҶ治֪ҽԺʲôæͣģԴڶһΣһѲʱһȥϴּزÿһŮҽһһ˵ʲô
½Ȼ£Ҷһᣬеľ⣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
뿪󣬲ʣҶһˣĻ̵ǮһһƱ
֮ǰڻϣйٻ¥ʱһЩѶϢʱڣͨһ²ʮǮ
½ȻһӾ͸ʮǮҶ涼½ȻһµĹʵжˡ
Ӧñһͨ˸ϲٰɣ
Ҳֻ΢һ£ܿ׵Ժȥˡ
Խõˡ
⼸ľͺһ
ҶգҡҡͷǮƱ
½Ȼ뿪ûãͺ
ҽԺʳãҲƲͳסԺģϾסԺеǲߵҽԺʳóԷġ
һѾʳõŲͳ򷹵
⡢˿ӡײˡܲ˿
زëëһݣëëһݣǲƱģһ׷ƱëǮ
׷ɲ٣װһˡ
᲻õ˼ҶһһأȻ϶׷˴պһԡ
ʱǳԷ˿٣пޣʳز١
ͬ־һ⣬һݳܲ˿׷
ͬ־ңҪ˿Ӻ͡
򷹵˲٣۲Աɸߺ㣬㣬һ
ͳƹʱҶ没ʱûкס۲ԱһЩӿռһЩڳԵ嵭Ӫĳʳ
ǣûȵߵ㣬ܾͶһĲ
廹ֻܳЩ嵭ġ仰ѷŵͷϡ
ֵķװһ棬ƮŴ̵Ĵлѩ׵һһҸһȻ򵥣ȴ˱ǡ
껤ʿҩ󣬲ɵΣŪİ
ղžںûۿζŷҶͬ־ͷ
дûϸˣ·ݿʼÿµϸƱ඼棬Ҳм򵽹θǿۡû취ӦʲôʲôƱ˾˷ˡ
ⲻϸϸͲ˵ˣǿֻӱͷζȻԣҲȲϾۣէһһѩ׵Ծϵȵľ棬ʿ۾ˡ
ȻʱǼƻãȱҶ滹ûֱ۵ĸожȱԾ׼С࣬٣ڿһûʿķӦҶʵȱ˸˽⡣
뵽ԼռĿḻޱȵʣҶһΪԼеҡĩʼȥȡЩǴԽҪɿռԼܿˡ
Ū𣿡һڣʿӦ󣬶ʱˣ޲ðԼͷҧȥ
ˣ˵ʲôοӢרңϸ߲˵ҪȥŪ߼
ͶѱץҪεģȻ߼һЩǴ֪飬֪һ£ôʳһ¡
ȿȡʲôҺ˵ģԣʲôû˵ʿæİ֣ȻæҶ˵Ҷͬ־ҩǵ÷Сʱˡ
Σģæȥˡ
ʿҩתʹ粽뿪ĶӱӰͺ׷һ
˿ŻʿƵıӰʧջĿʱ߲ԼͬĶϱ˴ˣܣ԰ɣһ˾Ͳóˡ


19 ɰ

Ҷл󣬸Ҫԣ뵽ڣʵأ𣿡
û뵽һ£ºͣҳԹˡ
䣬㿴ңҿ㣬ĬС
Ӻ
ܴ˳Ĭôˣ
ûСҶҡͷӣͷ档
װ£ҶԵЩĲɣһԵĹܼ״ˡ
ó𣿡شٴ˵ֻܳ嵭ġ
ǡҶæҡͷͷôʳ嵭ֻͷװ飬廹ûȫָãθڲѶѡ
Ҷϣǽˣĩʱûθڲһ˵ŪԵѾˣҲˣʲô¶ûлҪ
㲻룬ʵ
ôʣҶԥһ£ͷθڲǺܺá
ܿܣǣյ߰Щ࣬Ȼ˱ˮڵ뷨Ҷ⻹˼š
ȻθڲҲҪһ㣬ָ
һ£º˼֣㲻ϲ棬㰾ࡣ
ģҶ澪ȵʵ
棬ֿҶ治ɾЩ㱣ĩ࿿ʱһʱҲ㣬ҵʳԵġ
ţ԰ɣʲô˵ɫӦһĲ
Ҷǿһ룬ʣµʵڳԲȥˣͣ¡
һԹܿġθڡü΢΢ѾԲ̫࣬ˣʣ£ӣҪúһʱء
ܡҽΪʲôͷӣҶһ£Ǹ˳ƺǲǸʶĹܣĺá
ûػҪֵ࣬һǵʮŹӸڵģҪҶͷ᲻ڼϢʵ
Ҷʰ뿪ˡ
ٳŵʱ򣬶һ䣺½ӳʱҪտ㣬Թ¡
֮⣬ͷ֮Уò¡
СĹӰҶ涢ſ˺ü룬ͷһɻΪʲôܾ
뿪վϣü΢΢ƺʧˣȻ֪Ϊʲô֪ԭҶϡ
ףΣɰ
ܿһЦӯӯĺкˣͷû˵ĵһҽԺϰ࣬Ǻʲôɵġ
ݼûӦҲ첽׷ȥţЦΣԹһɣ
ԹˡһҽԺҲΣû˦Ȼ벻ΪʲôҶ׵仯
۵׻һĨʧܿȼģΣ㵽ҽԺҲˣһֱæûʱһƽǰɣӰԺӳĵӰȡɽ㿴ɣ
Ҫֵҹࡣ
ǣڲߵ㡣ʮӸڣʱ´ࡣݵȻ֪ҪֵҹˣŰҪȻ°ˣôĥ䵽ʱûߡ
ˣӰԺҽԺߣ·ȥʮӣгĻʮ͵ˣӰʮӣʱ㹻ġ
صӰԺ·ϣ·гԡ
гĻ·Ҳã·˿һĹǱ˴˵Ȥãҽкܶ๲ͬĻġ
ܿһۣϵı黹ĺ޲˵ҽֵҹǰԼϢ㹻ľȥһӰ
ΪҽҪҵĹҪ㹻ľڸʱ顣
֮⣬Һ㲻һҪϢҡ
ҡһְָܾҵ£ϲһס
˵꣬Ҳʲô飬ʵȥͨ鲻ƽʱ򣬾ͻԼʵ顣
˴뿪ıӰ϶ʱɫ
ڿЦӯӯҹ˵Żʱ򣬾зֵĻʿ·ҽ͵͵ˡ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôɿûʲôӦĴ뿪һϵı飬˭֪Ǳܾˡ
ҽҹΣܾ
ιȻľԴ
ܵҽԺˣƽ˹ϵ飬˶˵˽Ҳʲô֮ͬĻûкͲ˵ĶԻĶࡣ
ܺãδûͬ־ҽԺδҽʿûвĵģֵ˾Ӷ࣬ϽӴûܶ˭һ㣬Ҳֻﰵϲˡ


20 

ʾŮͬ־ҲٻתҲ֪ǲûнյûа㷴Ӧ
ڿҽҽԺˣҽΪҲӲҽԺͬ־ڹҽԺĵһ죬ϲˡ
ͱ˲һȻϲˣȻŸɿҪ׷Ҹ
ݽŹϵĽ͹ϤҲ֮ͬϤùһɴ״ӵŮҽϳסֶѡ
ݼЩ˵ĸˣοԼûùܼסֵŮҽʿ˵Ѿرˡ
һͣȴܾˡ
ûϵԷһ𿴵Ӱ
ٴαܾ˼³ҲЩѿ
ûᱳЩֵĿ⣬ݳ뿪ҽԺԶ뵽ܶ˾ôĲ飬ͷһԼôסˣôһ룬źһЩ
һҶ沢֪һˣҲûסĲˣ԰һõѶϢ
ʿղ˵Уԣ߼۽׳ԴõĶ
Ӧ˵Ľղܣ
Ҷ֮ǰӿռõ㶫ǮãϢ˵Ǹջ
֪Ժˣһⲻʲô¡
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ռܴͬƷ۵ռʱǾֹģŽȥʲôóʲô
ΪӦĩɹ˴ĶΪ˻εĽڵ˲ٵʡ
Ϊ˷ֲԾǽʾ֭ڹĵ򣬸ְ취þˣҲ׼̫æµ֪ûеȥ
ȻҲҶ뵽ΪĩģһӲ֪Ҫô
׼ĩǰһȥAֻû뵽ڰ·ϴԽ
ǣãҲڣҶ濴Ҳʱ򣬶ʱԲˡ
΢һ£ּܿɨſռĶ
Ҫ˵ʲôȱռĺܶණϡҶ룬߼£νײ裬ȴӳ֡
ƻãʳӦʳٵĿ֮ǰʿһ۾ˣɼʳȱʲôزˡ
ͳ˿ҶĴϸһ±ƣ⣬Ǿ˽С
ЩϸЩǴ
ƺͺ˵ϸһɣ
ӦϸˣԻʿ̬ϸŪ
ĩľϵߣܴľȻҲֲʳ߲ˣҶռﻹǲɹ˴ʳԱʱ֮裬ĩһǮͺͷֽһðײá
ռʳ٣ҶȥǾʱһ׺ۡҲֻЩɢûκεıǣᱩ¶ʲô
Ҷ뵽ͻȻЦЦ룬ͶѰɣνˣףЩʳǮãҲǼӵĻһʳѹ˰ɣ
ȻֻһˣҶҲҴֵʹÿռ䣬ǵԿӰƽϷУ鵹УһһˣҲýͣǾ͸ɴһſռĶһ˼ŽӦô졣
ʲôʱ˯ŵҶû⣬۵ʱѾˡ
ʵڼ䣬ʿҹнΣǲ鿴¯Ӽӷúġ
Ҷֻ֪װԼ˯ĳ
װ˯½ȻƭȥˣʿȻܷˡ
ĩ꣬Ҷÿ춼޾ɱŰͷУ˺顢ϲŭ飬Լı仯ƿҲ
һΣյĵطԼ˯ߣֺѵľĩѧġ
ȻкܴһйܵĹͣˣܻ¼Ԫꡣ
һ·ҶĲʱŲһ£žͼӿ뿪
˦ݺʵҵĵൽϰӸʱ䣬ϴ˸裬·ϰȥ
ȻʵѾƽǻûʲôԭʱ򣬹ܾټҶĺá
ûʲô飬ҲлʿѲ⣬»ҵġôһ룬ܸṳ̂Ҷ没ˡ
ϣ·ҶĲṳ̂ȥ
ʧȥܣҶȻû֮ǰԲ֪м·Ĳȴûн
ŻûҶϴȥóûڣϴҲûʲôˣÿԺúϴ


21 

Խˣ˵һһǿϴ˸⣬ѹˣûϴ裬ȻǶ죬Ҷ滹Ǿû
˵Ҷ涼֪ҪôԼĽˣĩ꣬Ҳûϴ裬Ҳˣ󷴵һ첻ϴͻܡ
ûʱܿԣ˻ҪܣëҶ˵ܵʱ򣬵ȻҪ˷ˡ
Ҫûᣬ±˻ɣ綼һﵽϴʰˡ
ϴûʲôˣҶҲĥ䣬ϴϣ׼ˮͰ˿ռ׼ˮóĩٶȣˢϴϴͷϴ裬ʮӾ͸㶨ˡ
ҶϴŵʱſڶѾڵˡ
ȹǸСϱսǣӲһõϴ侹Ȼţˣһ²֪ҪôźãҲһŮͬ־ŷֱסˣ㿴ңҿģһ⡣
զˣϴ䲻ˣ
˰
ҪҪʻʿ
˾Ǻõʱһˣէһɵһվſڻأ֪߹ȥһϴŹš
OO@@Ůһ㶣Ȼ뵽ʲôϱѿô£ļҵСڰ಻סûϴɣ
˵ĶԲҪŮ㣿
ſվ׼ţ͵ؼŴ򿪣ŴϴˣҪĻӲȥ
ǸƯŮͬ־üҪ˵ÿжÿƤˮ鲻˵űȰ滹ףûЦݣ߹°
ϴǸûдĸ䣬һ۾̨ܿ꣬ϵһˮܣûбġ
ǹԼϴأ
ԴЩˮͷȻףﻹǺܲˬ죬Ů˲ĺߵҽԺҪͻؼȥռŵطԼһô¡
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ںŮ˻߶߶ʱǰͷСϱŮͬ־Ѿһͬȥˮϴˡ
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Ҫôȥϴϴϴ裬Ҫôֻˡ
Ů˿ҶûӦûĻһǲˬǿҶģҲЩ۸ˣ˼ۺ󣬻ûסĳҶȥıӰ͵͵һڡ
װʲôߣĺС꾫һģ֪ʲôء
Ҷû󲻷޵Ůˣص¶¯ӸǰͷɵĿһ㡣Ȼ֮ǰٸëǻǴһˮģ컹ãͦģðŪɵĺá
ŷûѾˣԼ죬оڻһ̰ɡҪǲϴҲϴҶοൽϴȥϴս衣
Ҷͬ־ôô磬ղȥˡʿŽƤ¯ǰˣڡ
Ҷͷº͵Ļص簡ʿҸղϴȥˡ
ʿգͷղûҶڣһϲȥˣⲻٹͿˣҲˣҶϴȥˡ
Ҷͬ־£һ˵Ҫˡ
ã鷳ˡ
Ҷͬ־Ҳ̫ˡ
˵ţٴαƿһߴӰ˽
Ųַ裬ʿһǸҶͬ־緹ء
簡
ʿ硣
һйҪæκҶͬ־İɡ
кʿ¼Ƽ¼úʹҴ뿪ˣ˵˺ڿλǾùֲ˼ģܶžͶš
Ҷ͹֪ܶʿΪ鲻ڣҲû⡣
簡ԡҽ
ûд״ӣӲ࣬صظ緹ҶЩ
ܿҶ棬Щãǵ˵ͷǴ࣬ȺŰɣˡ
˵꣬·裬ҲҶʲô飬תҪߡ
¡Ҷæ˺ס
ܸոȥĽ˻ͷʵôˣ
Թ𣿡ҶҲ֪˺ס˵ʲôǷӦʱѾˣƳ裬Ǿôһ䡣
ѾԹˣ԰ɡ


22 ƭ

Ҷԣͷܼûˣֶһ㣬ٴ̧š
ܣ¡
ԭȻЩãٴκסһ˿ˬ죬˲ûˡ
£ûʶԼ˼֡
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˵꣬ҲҶ˵꣬תͳ첽뿪
ҶһĨɻǲˣ
û˯û̫ˣ
һ·ص˸ôкĴкû˿鲻ˬֻԼ֪ʧˣȴҲԭ
ҹûʲôҲѲ˼βȻ̫۵°ʳóԹ緹ͻؼҵͷ˯ӰҽһýӸڵĹ󣬹ܾ͸ϻȥҶ氾ˡ
֪˵ҪҵΣոɲУθ
ҶԵĴ³˻ģҲʣ²׶ѣʱôģǲ֪Ϊʲô뵽԰СʶĽ⿪ϸĲˡ
ĺĸŪԵģû˯ɵãȻȻҲ֪Ҷʲô˵ģԭûˡ
ﲻ緹Ҳûԣڴͷ˯
緹ҩΣҶһôȥˡ
½ȻԾ˶ûҽԺҶҲ֣Ͼ˿ǹӦò١
ˣҲ֪ʬô᰸ģȻ棬ҶҲɵȥǡŻĶιȥء
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ĵһСʱҶŷȥˮϴ
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һʿˮ˿Ҷ棬ֿķ裬ˡ
Ҷͬ־ǹεķɣ
Ҷ⻤ʿΣһʿģûʿй
û뵽ʿῪڣһ£ͷ԰ô֪
ʿֲ֣˵ʲôȫҽԺҲ͹õĲֵķ裬ⷹϵĺܡ
ҶһͷҲ˵ķ裬еķУ඼´ɵķ裬ϵĻлͼӡŴģлŻͼģӡϲüҵͼ
Ҷͬ־ǹʲô˰ǼθסһҶͷ˵ζԲ渺𣬵Ҳûλͷİ
ҶѯʣϴĶһͣƫͷʿɻ󣺡ʲôҺ͹ûйϵ
ôᣬҶͬ־ͱƭˣҪǲʶǹôͷʿԲţ˵Լ֪飺ֵҹأ°Ҳûȥ˯ȸͷˡ
˵ûʲôϵ˭Ű
ӻʿ￴˼Ҷ˵ͼϴ룬ȴǰķŵֵҹȥ
ֵҹˣ
ֲýϿЩ˯õģأΪû˯ã鲻ã֪ҹû˯
ʿҶ治Ը˵Ҳˣ˾ʶģȻҪЩ
ԵҶ棬ʿһĽҶͬ־Ư
Ĳŷģ˭ÿҶͬ־Ͼǲ˵е˵ĸо˾ͦչģоʲôţʩ
ѹһͷһĹҲͿһ֪ҽ֪󣬻ʲô
ҶָףʿĽ˵Ҷͬ־ָͦÿġ
ǿɲŪ⻰زסź
ĸﲻǰͻʿҹҶͬ־·ʱͿָˣϲĽָҲ֪ĸٻ¥ǲ˰ɣ
Ҷðѷĸϴã׼ͷһˮأʿĻ䣺ҲϹŪģǹϽŪЩڵĶҲ֡
ָ˵ķɫָͣǶˮ˫ֿ޳ƯĩǱҰ磬ƯõĶԼ񾭣ݻԼŨķŭŻԺ绰ԤԼָ׵ʱʱûоܾ
˵ռΪӦĩ׼ʱҲûʵôǮˣΪʲôԼĩ֮ǰһЩ


23 ĵ¿η

ƿأҪϲһƿøˣסԺû취Ҷ浱ȻУЩɲ٣ռܷŵ£Ժָ׵ʱ˳˲١
⻹㣬˺ü䣬һԵĶռաǻȻ֪ĩòЩǻǮˣ˾͸ɴװˡ
ʿЦЦˣҲ˵˵
û£һƿúܾأҷжģһƿõһˣ廹ûأҲڣû취ø㡣
ʿЦĸˣҡͷҶͬ־ҲûðˮˮҩˮŪʰҪŪЩ
ݼٵʱã˵ϲУͿҲԵģҲһÿ⻰Ҷ˵ĺǳϿҡ
ʿôĲ˼ЦЦ˵ҾлҶͬ־ˡ
Ҷͬ־͹ĲʶҸоǺϤӡ
ҶԺЩ˼˵ʶҲ㲻ʶ
ʣͼ˵ҽȹҡ
ʿһȻúﲻԾȴҲû롣
Ҷͬ־ǿҿܻӭˡԣҽԺܻӭڿƵҽԼοӰûɹǻڲԶ˵ĶԻ˸š
ҽ
Ե޹ʵĻҶ׻ģһͷûż뿪ˮġ
ҿĳζҶͬ־ɲһûθĸ
ҶѷǺãû˵ĵɲģԵġ
Ҷͬ־ҪԹҲ˼Ļɵץҽʿ˵˺ֻӦ뿪ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҷʲôøеǲڣǲϲҽǲһƽ˭ģǻʿҲûЦһйڣҽͱֵģǼٵĿԡ
ǿȥˣҪҶͬ־ܸҽ£òˡ
Ҷ治֪⻤ʿԼ˵ЩʲôĿģǣȷ֪Щʲô
ܻӭҶ沢֣ͷʲôɷ׼֪Թܸ涼õҲֻϹĲŲĶɡ
Ǹҽ׷ܰɣ
Ʋֹҽ϶бҽʿ˵йĲʲôġ
뵽ЩҶЩ¡
ʱѾʮˣʳ۲Աʼÿճ
Ƥ¯ǰܿڣҶͬ־Ƥ¯ǰ̫ãá
жѪθɤӣ̫úζûʲôô
Ҷԣ뿪¯ӣβ
оôҩ𣿡ͷ˯һǲˣҶ˵Ҳº˼֡
Ҷ棺ţúܶˣҩҳԹˡ
ʵˣѹûгԹҩÿοưҩˮ£ʵҩյռȥˣһζûԹû취ܿˣָĲ첢ûƵʱƿˡ
û緹ɣһ£һȥԵģ˿ô˵̫ܳ࣬˿ǿԵġ
ǻʿĻ֮ǰĻҶأ֪ҹ࣬ûϢ͸ģۣ˵ҪҶˡ
ĩʱôƴչˣֲǵûҪࡣ
ԡҽʵ㲻鷳ԵģҽԺʳö۲ԱƳҿ򷹳Եģ½Ȼǣ½ӳһЩǮƱסԺ⼸춼Լ򷹳Եģ㲻òġ
Ҷ浱Ȼ򷹳ԣȫһ͵͵Եռ׼ĳʳӪζ
ϰֵģ̫ˣûҪοÿ˵ʳǶģʳ϶Ҳûжģģôô죿
ҶռеʳڻסԺأﶼȥˣܲóܰɣⲻڵĸ߱ˣ
⻰һü룬Ȼ󣬶˵ͷķת뿪ˡ
⡭ҶɵˣһԵˣʲô
ðɣҶ֪ܿ϶ǲˣǣ˵ʲôʲô
һ£Ҷ涼û뵽ԼǵˣһΣ󣬹ܵƢˡ
ܹһ뿪Ǹģһ·ص·϶˳û˴š
ԼķʳòܶʳÿǴСϸģȻʶôҪ½ȻУԼŲ᲻ء
ĵ¿ηΣ


24 뿴Ϳ

ȻСǾͶźˣźء
½Ȼ½Ȼеô˳ڣ½Ȼͬһ𳵣µʱҽԺ
ǣԼΪⶾ
мˣ
Խ룬ԽԼôĺҽ֮ǰǻ
ҽȴԺ½Ȼ֣½Ȼôף
֮ǰ˭ץ·뿪ģﶼȥһҹ
أͺûµһҽȷ黹졣
һҲҽ־ͽеͦõġ
뵽ͻȻһ£˼˺ü룬ƺӦʲô
һߣҲû¶棬ڼʿΣҶʣ룬˵Ļ
ʲô
֮ǰ˵ĺǲĹϵûƺЩʣ˵ˣֵҹҪϰʱҲ
ٴγڲʱѾǵڶϵʱˡ
Ҷϴصʱ򿴵治Щȣҽô簡
ϻŰ״ӣ۵кѪ˿Ÿչߵ㣬ֵҹˣ
硣Ҷ澪ߣһ˲Ĳڣܿװʲôûзİѷ򿪡
ַһݵļƳγεļһϸĴлɷǺÿ
ǸҳԵ𣿡
ҶһԼͷҧˡڵ顣
ƳһۣһĨΣЦ
ʳļȺأ԰ɡ
Ҷ治֪Ҫ˵ʲôãߣȻ֪ôˣҶ룬ҲãԶһ㣬Ǻõġ
û뵽ڶһ磬ָ緹ˡ
ôԣԹ𣿡
ûСҶҡͷҽֵҹ࣬۰ɣҪע壬Ϣ
գЩҹʵûرæһζûнĲǰҹҲûһΣ֪ǲǲˣ
һãֻۡԼΪʲô᲻ܿƣһӲ֪Ҫôѡ
Ҷ룬ǿˣʵҽ㲻鷳Ͳ͵ģĿԼ򷹣עʳġ
⻰һûлӦʵԹ緹𣿡
԰ɣ˾Ͳóˡ
Ҷ˵ԼԹˣɶ˵ߣĻôҲ˵Ҫ˵ԼԹˣ᲻˦ͷߣ
ܱ糣Ҳû˿ı仯ҶĪֲ֪ˡ
Իǲԣ
ҽԺֵĳҶ⼸ǼʶˣȻҲЩһЩϢ
ͷ˵ʳƷˣʳֻǶǿԱûмͣʲôĸǱˣ˲ŮֻʳһһֻѶӵס
Ҷ治֪ʳǶ٣ʮʳĶϸĽ߼֪ʶʮϸٲ֪
ûÿ¶ʮһʳָ꣬ÿʮÿʳָжʮ嵽ʮ˽ﲻȣԽģʳ͸ߣҲʮ˽
ҶҲ֪ʳָôģùӦڸ߼֪ʶһģÿʳʮ
һˣҪֵҹ࣬ʱҪ˶ĹǿҲСǿԣڼ붼֪϶ˡ
֪ҪҽԺò뿪ûкʵɣռٶĶҲû취ø
Ҷһ籾ûʲôθڣ뵽͸Բˡ
ܼͷü΢΢𣺡Լʲô
ûСҶæҡͷȴͣ£̧ͷڣҽҲûг԰ɣ
һݼɲСһ˳Բ꣬Ҳһ԰ɣ˵ܾ꣬һݵļ
ܱ緹ͻذ칫ҵģһ緹벻ģԥһҲûܾ
ҶղžܾͲͣǲģֻǵҪһ緹ʱ򣬿ּĶһ˿ʧˡ
һô룬һ÷裬˰ĳżżҶ滹͵͵ۡ
Ҷ͵ȻоĵһЦøƺҲøóˡ
뿴Ϳֲ͵͵ġ⻰ӹܵðǹؼʱˣҪô˵һƤҪεĲ˰ɣ
ллСɰǵĴͣллǵƱƱۣǵֺ֧飬ҺܿģǱġ


25 

Ҷ治֪뷨ֻһͬ緹ĳϤ·죬Щ
ΧԣҲûĩеζҶ涼ҪΪ˿ĩˡ
ʱҲһʳһʳȻʱǹܰѸõĳʳøԡ
뵽ĩһͬѵľЩΣգҶͱƵܣ죬ǡܡתתû
ôˣǲǲԣܼ쿴ԼʵﰵǸ緹ģȴһ룬Ȼ˵Ե٣Ҳĳ緹
Ҫǲԣȥʳһݡ˵žҪ
ˡҶæҡͷΪ̫࣬װ˼ĵͷ˵ûвԣҺԳˡ
⽿ĻﵹǵĹһûסЦ˳ǺǺǡ
ʿŽʱͼܺǺЦĿģҶЩ֮ɫ
һڴϣһڴߵϣһ緹أҲ֪˵ʲôȤĻˡ
ʿֹסЦЦݻϣһʱղɼжá
ΣҶͬ־簡
硣
ʿ硣
ʿ̧һЩ˽͵Ҷͬ־¡
Ҷ˳ưĴ£뻹֮ǰԾʱһģٵСҲԾȥҽԺʳġ
վóλҶĴ룺ȥϴ롣
ʿ߽󣬲֪緹ԵʲôﾪҵιԹԣһݹ˳ԵļǵǶټ
ʣʿ֪⼦ǹŪġ
ٵ߸ɣһ緹ҪôãԺӻˡ
һ˷ǮǵеƱ򣬵Ʊÿ˶УǽҪĸλУʿ֪ģҽԺֻҽϵĲеƱͺƱƱЩϡȱƱ
ûеƱ򼦵Ҫô˻Ҫôȥ
һҪëǮһò
һԶٳѣɹθҶͬ־Ū緹ǴûʲôҶҲûмʲôһ˵ĽǼٵġ
Ҷ͹֪ܶʿʲôܿ죬¾ˡ
ҽ컹Ҫҵƿ𣿡
ʿһ߿¼ƣһ߻ش𣺡Ҫùء
Ҷһÿüɵ𣬵ͷһֱֶֻˡ
һô찡ҶʵʵųҽԺų룬ģòҽԺš
û취Ҷ뿪ҽԺˣôĵΡ
ùܻ⻰ٿֱֱżףЩΪѹãڣŸۡ
֪ôģҲĿڿοһ̣ٴͲˣתͻġ
ʿû뿪أ͵͵Ŀ˿ܣٿҶ棬ȻϲҶͬ־
Ҳ֣Ҷͬ־˳ĺÿҲã͹ôվһ𣬾һļż
ҪǹζҶͬ־û˼Ļô棬Ǽء
ҽԼεҲ˵ˣڵ¶ˣʿȻҲ֪ҽȻҲԹ˵ĿҶͬ־͹ĺʡ
ûԭ˭ùϲҶͬ־ң⼸ӴʿҶӡͦõġ
֪˹εİԣʿ˷ܼˣ޲ͬ·ҲֻѣûӰ鴫ȥ˭á
кʿ̳ȥˣܿ˿ֱʱˣҲȥˡ
ҽһ¡Ҷæ˺ס
ܻͷϲôһʱҲ֪ҪôڵĺãֻԼﲻˬ
ôˣ
Ҷ濴ҹҹ࣬°ȥϢĺá
֮⣬øͷˡ
˼Ŀ룬ҽҹˣϢһ죬
Ҷ濪ڣֽ˵緹˿ɡ
˵꣬ƿ뿪ˡ
ҶǣѾϵĲźһ᲻֪ô˵
Ʋ죬Ҷ氵죬ڱĩʱ˵
ˣˣһ͵͵ˣӦò̫ɣ
ҶյüͷʲôӦҲ֪Ͼģʧ޷ģǮƱǽ½ȻģͻȻ༸׸ʵ˵塣
ǡˣҶ£ƹˤ룬ʱ򿴻Ūɡ


26 ֱ

ûãʿҶˡ
֪ǲǴҶܾýʿĶҪС˺ܶࡣ
Ҫ֪Ҷɻʿһ϶ĸⲻĴҪ֪ʿ׼ˮʱѾ°״ӵĹصصҶ
Ҷͬ־ֲٴĵƿʿʱһЩȻûطˡ
⻰Ͳû˵Ҷͬ־ˡ
ȻȻû˵ʿѾ˽˼ˡ
Ҷͬ־𣿡ʿۣҪҡ
Ҷһ£ҡͷᣬʿѾˡ
ʿգЦЦǾͺáҲҶСˣȻģ緹ʱÿҶֱǲŻῪڵġ
˵ˣʿҶҩʱ򣬿ֱǳһ඼ۡٿǾòֱӡ
ⶼˣҶ涼ûпںۣʿô롣
ʿõεٶȺٴοһҶֱ˵Ҷͬ־ʱֱðѹĽһ㣬ͲѪðϵҲͲټˡ
ҶЩΣȻ֪ѹˣַʣ΢ºӡ˵ѹˡ
кúð治⡣
ʿһ뵽ǰҵҶֱۣûãֱ۾һƬҲ֪ôˡ
Ҷͬ־ʡܿˡʿҸˮëȷһ£õĿһЩ
ãǸ⣬ʿˡ
ʿİ취ҶûϣΪû뿪أͼҹӦûؼҲĹˡ
ҽҶ濴Ҳܾȣ㲻Ӧûȥ𣿡
ܣһͻȥ˯øˮá
ѾˮˣܶĸСʱʱˣԼٻˮܶһ£˵ԽԽˣˮڣҲ˯ĺãָ
ʿ˿ˮﰵãҸҶͬ־ˮˣζ׼ˡ
Ҷﱻˮͷ򵥵ĻɫˮҲűˮůһ
̧ͷŹܣҶﵴã˵ʲô⿴ʿû뿪ǵĻתһȦ򵥵Ŀҽлл㡣
ʿˮȴڰԣ˷ֹܵɣ˵ζҶͬ־кøУⲻҹؼҲϢǸҶͬ־׼ˮҪ˵û˼˭Ű
˵ľԴͷ࣬ϣΪûϲˣƣҶͬ־ǲϵˣǸϧ˵ͬ־
ڹ˵ʲôָ࿴ƹĲ˵ĻʿɲšҽԺ²˿ɲ٣Ҳûôĵġ
ܶҶ溰ԼҽȻЩҲ˵ʲôֻǺ˵뿪ˡ
뿪ǰٴοһƤ¯⿴һۿڴϣסӰԼǺõˣ۵ʲô
һߣʿҲѶʰˣ̣Ҷ˵䣬æȥˡ
Ҷ汧Ź׼ˮԽԽ
ҽԺļԺҽԺ棬һǽǽûŵģΪŵҽԺҪһ·ǲ̬һ£ΪҽԱϰ෽㣬ǽϿ˸š
ܾסڷļտСžͿǰߵˣﻮһĨâŲһЩܿͿˡ
ԪҽԺԺʮˣһʳó緹Ÿ緹ȥ
Ժ簡
ͷԪһǹܣЦݣ㰡ҽ簡
ҹࣿ
ЦЦͷţ춼ҹࡣ
Ԫ˵ҽˣһ緹ϽȥϢȻоûʲôӰ죬Ҫչ˺ԼܸõΪ񡣡
˵Ժ˵ǹҽԺȽҪҪԪеϵǰ֪ô˲ŻǲĥģܹҲᱻǲŵƽǵҽԺ
ˣÿ뵽Լô˲ŵҽԺɱΧʡǵҽԺѹҪƽǵҽԺԪ;÷Ժ
ȻԪѡԵǻ첻Ҫĵ쵼ļﵱˣĥ˵оˡ
Ѿ꣬һǧֻһ£ԽСɰ˯ҹ岻ãҪŶôôգ


27 ˮƽ

飬ҽԺԺҲ˵ˣ˵ԪƤŲأ˲ôȱҪ˲ŲҪʲô
ȻǹרңרҵˮƽǸߣ̶£ٵ֢׵Ľˡ
ʵͷ඼ӪĲƽǵĵĹɲ٣ƽǽǼʱ⣬ʲôֶˣˣʡǱͣйڣٲ˶ܵõʱƣָҲ
£ϼ쵼ΣҽԺˣԪˡ
˼䣬װĿڣԺҽԺʲôʱʼůģ
ʮ¶ʼůģҲһҪʮһѮ䣬ůҲˡʵʮһѮͺˡ
˵ûѩĵزȷú鹩ůˣǰ겻ãںҪʡԼԴҽԺȻҲ⣬ǹůʱͺ˰¡
ǰ첻˳𣬺滹꣬ͣ΢˼һᣬ˵ٲ˵ıӲǺܺѲпٲиðļ󡣡
˵ҽԺǿβģסԺĲ˶ǲصģ϶ðˣָӳԺʱ䣬Ҳһָ
ͷòܸߣڹλվʾֻ֤ҪҺŷѣҩҽҩѶҪǮŻڱҲܰѿ
ҽԺȻվǿҲ٣ԭеĲ¸ðӲԺʱ䣬ȷҽԺĸ
ԪͷôǰҲ̫ˡ
⻰˵꣬ԪӦæס죬ҿ˿Χûˣŷ
Ƴ⽨ţϾ˼룬ʲôħɲ˵ΪԺҪᶨſѧЩɲҪȻĵľٱǿɾͲˡ
ܼ״º͵ЦЦǿͷˣһ˵˭ιŲţԺôġ
Сĵĺã⻰ҲӦ˵ǿͷҲа˵û⣬һ˵˾סǾСӡ
ڹܣԪǺܷĵģרңһΪ˽ΪשߣϲŪЩ
˵ǰҹǳ꣬Ҷú֣¹࣬ģһ֪󣬼״ͺ׵һꡣ
½˼С꣬ӡ̵ľͻĴˡ
ܺԺһ·ţ˷ֲ·ڣŷֿ
һߣʣԺԭض˶ţԼɵϵĺ޴ֹȷǱҪء
۲Աʼߺʱ򣬹ܶŷƿҶĲš
Ȼߵʱ˵ҪͷҶ濴˳֣ȿģΡ
ĩ治ף˯ʱ䲻ʱ䳤̲ÿƣûǣȻֵҹ˾ӦúúϢ
ʵԼ򷹳ԵġҶ˵ţ˦ͷߣ緹ǳԵԼռıӪ͡
ֻ⻰򿪷裬˿棬أ԰ɡ
͹һ·Ȼߵķɿ죬䣬û
ҶԼܲھ˵ˣѾԹˣ԰ɡ
Ҷ棺˵㵽ҵͷ˯ʮ͸ͷԼԹˣû˯Сʱ
ƺе˼ЦЦ˵һȥ˯ݼ٣ԺúϢһ죬¡
⻰ҶӣһԿǲɵĵһĨЦݡ
Ҷͷʱ򣬹ڲɲůƬԱߣһ£üͷһ£ôģ
ռĸζʳ˿ֱǼ򵥵ټˣԵĺ档꣬Ҳȵˡ
һԹܼ״һ⣬θڱ֮ǰˣӣָĲ
ϳɣ⻹ʣһ㣬øࡣ
ڹϻҪͷΪҶҲپܾˣܾҲûã˵ˣ˦һ䣬½Ȼ֮ǰеģȻҶ͸ɴˡ
⻰ѯʣҶ֪ͨ˼ͷãǾ鷳ҽˡ
ǹҽƺɿڣѾ°ˡ
֮⣬㲻ôҡ
ţҶûӦŹһ⡣
ܣڲϰʱ䡣
Ҷ˼ˣЦʣǹҽӦýʲô
֮ǰǽй𡣡


28 Ļ»ȥ

֮ǰҶ۾һתеЦˡ
ǣ֮ǰôѽ
ƤЦţЩڵƫͷ⣬֮ǰûҹҽ
𣿡ҶЦʵڽйҽ𣿡
㣡ﲻ֪ĹģͷЦӯӯӣյĶһ䣺Լ롣
˵꣬ҲҶʲôӦԼϷ뿪ˡ
뿪ʱݿˡ
Źŷ뿪ıӰݳ˼ҹӦ˯ôǰˣŷ裬Ǹͷˣ
ܼˣ
ԣûˣԼƽǣϼ˵Ҳߡ
Ǹ˭ͷ
ݻסԺ𣿡סһʿʵ
ûа
ʣǹθ˭ͷأ
ŶǸ106ŲҶͬ־͵ġ
У֪ˡ
ݸҪ106ŲȥŲ˺
ҽвˡ
ãˡһвˣֻѹµ106Ųһ̽뷨
뿪ĹܣҶЦĸˡ
ǣûãЩ˵Ҫֵġ
ģкʿʱıֽģټҽԺģҲ˲ٵϢʱڵ״Ҷ˭
»ѽȷʲôҲ˵׼㣬Ҳһİɣ
һ͸оϵʱҪĶ࣬Ҷ治Ƥ¯ӸǰҲûٸǵʵʵģʱ뵽ʲô
ҶԷʱ򣬹ǽǵůƬȻůˡ
𣿡
ҶںأôװģȻûռĺãŨټӣζҲܲ
ĪĻĿʲô
Ҷһ⣬һҭĿӺƿĿ⣬ûʲô
ûпղпί
Ҷﲻ°õľ׵һȥЦʣǣҽܿ𣿡
ĩҲˣʲôµģȴҪģǺͰ׻ûʲô
һĨʣôҶƮƮһ仰ˡ
šѹǵĻȣװԳֵĵͷȻôУǾôаɡ
ܽ𣿡
Ҷͷ԰ͻȻ֣ѹڣֻҶͬ־ѡ
ȿȡǣҽ棿ܲڵɤӣԥʳ
ȻôУôаɡҶЦ䣬Ļ˻ȥ
һҭûԷǸ°ĹôоֻõƤĽ
ڵĿ죬ҶʱѾˣ͹һᣬܿߵˡ
ȻҽԺʱʱ߹Ҳ㡣
Լǲ£¶Ҷ治ãǱʰ뿪ˡ
涼ǱǲƽǵģΪԺİյƽǵҽԺģʵôû֪
ҽԺļԺ׷ӣƽǵĶǻ׷ӣĴͺͱ˲һ˵ǷǮµġ
ڼԺסǵķٹȥ
ԺҾڼԺϱߣŵʱڴ۾ֽء
ҽôˣԪȣ±ֽкԼŵ裬ʵԹ˷ûУ
Цһ£ҳԹˡ
Ҳûʲô£Ҿо㶫˵ϣ뵽Ժϴ˵Ǳ飬һ¡Ժûȥɣ
ԪһҪȻô˵ҽ͸أ㿴ⶼˣڿѧϰ
ŹܣԪǼĽһ뵽ԼǼСӣСľͲ˵ˣҲû˹ҽһУ˱ˡ
УأûȥԪȲ裬ȥҡ
ԺסһĴӣʡϰ࣬ѾˣӺٻ϶ڶУڶСѧ
ȻϴڼˣԺӷ˴סһĴӿܲǷסһ䣬鷿һҾסˣżӴסһţ϶סһżӴ棬ѷһЩ·֮
Ժڷϰ࣬ܵ˲󣬾ͼӷ·
ǵƤͣ·̫ˣڻĥ׳ĵط󲹶ĥǲá


29 Ƿ

һ߷·һŹһûһš
ҽжǳĵŮͬ־ҪҪܽܣ
΢΢һЦڻ
÷һ£漴߶㶼ʮˣǰҪ˴ҲģҪȻϻô˵ɼҵȳɼҺҵ
Ժ⻰û˵ʲôϻϻģ˹ҽõҲõĶ󡣡
ҽǻعרң˶ʮˣЩϾɵϻ˵Ҳ˵ˣôãҶô⡣
Լô˵÷̧ͷһۣ㻹˼˵أΪ쵼Ҳһ
ôû˵ôûˡҽΪʲôҪǷġԺߵҽԺδҽʿȥˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣϲ˵ýǷŮͬ־޲ȥһҽԺﻹûûҽʿء
ôˣǷﲻˣǳҲѧʵŮͬ־÷һʱˬˣֹӡ
ʲôʱˣǳŮͬ־ѧôˣҽԺҽʿǸ㻹ǳŮͬ־ǹҽء
ҾͶˣҽá
ҲҽԺҽǷûϵ
ܽӹ飬Ц˵Ҳ˺ܿͣˣû뵽Լ͹һˣԺ˳
˼䣬ܾ͸ˡ
ˣŲƱҲòϣԺĺӲ٣Щ㲼Ʊ·ɣġ
ԪһæҡͷôУûȥҡ
˵ܾ꣬ʹĻŲƱòϣŹ˹ֿϧģﺢӶ࣬Ҳ˷ѡ
ûʲô顣ܣôԺŲƱ̫ˡ
Ļҿɲ˼
ǾˣʱˣҲûȥˡҪһʱأԺʱҪǼþҪ
Ԫֻ֣ãööС飬а궼ûˣղŻǴײģҪǹҪԼôһˡ
ѹͳſڣԪͿԼŲƱЩԣʵôˣҽ˵ǿڵĲƱҲûܾ
ͷÿ˲ƱжܴСһһߵĲƱҪ·ʱ򣬻úȽţȻٻȥҲʲô¡
Լ÷ŲƱݹȥ
ԪӹһʱЩˣ·ݲŹڣȵǣŲƱߣһĲƱˡ
ҹܵ˼ǰ׸ģҪ
⡭
÷һԽӻ¿Ƿˡ
Ԫ˵ʲôһԼŸղַϷһ·˵㻹˼˵Ҫͷ·ҽҲѲƱǵġ
⻹ܹңСݲ㲻Ҳ濴𡣡÷ЩǶԹܸкøˣСĵôãҪõŮͬ־һҪС
ˣȻҽ˾Űɣȥĳ·ˡ˵ӣԪεҡͷкӾƤʵ·Ҳû취飬
÷ͷ֪ˡ
ˡʲô÷ʵţҽԺů˰
°˵ˣʡ
ԣ⼸̫ˣҽԺﲻٲ˶ðˡ˵ԪпܻǺ˰渺Ϊ룬飬ѣѲƱ׳Сã߷ڡ
ôһ룬ԪһΪԼǵİѹŪҽԺԵá
һҶ󣬵ĿǰΪֹ˯һůڻ϶İҹѹ
ǳԷϢһṦ106Ųģǿ뿪Źġ
ܸߣҶôϴ裬Ѿûϴˣÿ춼£Ǿûڡ
ϵüͷţһͷƯɫɿһ̧࣬ͷһǸƯŮͬ־ǹͷҶͬ־
ǡ
ҶĻӦݻعŷԼղŰɻʳˡ
ҽԺҽ
֪Ű״أҶ۾ֲϹ˶Լڣ𣿡
ݻû˵ʲôأʿùҶҩҲڣȵĴкҽҲڰ


30 һ֪

ʮͣ쵰ҶüƤ𪣬ԼһߣŹͷʽһɫĺᷢŰ״ӿģǴԼܸоǲġ°ҶĿӵζ
ǸҽҶ֮ǰȻɣʿˣȷˡ
ݻ񣬺ܿЦЦŶⲻ˵˹ν˸ֵ֢ĲˣԹ
û뵽ȥʡѧϰ˼죬ðһùͷŮͬ־
ѹֹܾܾ˺ԷӰأҶͬ־ԭɣ
ʿæһҶ棬鵭ģƺû⻰һ֪Ҷǲ⣬ŷһ롣
ҽҶͬ־ĲѾõĲˣǹοõġϵ飬Ҳʿ֪˵ˡ
ʿ֪ΪҶͬ־룬л
ЦεҽܺãһֱҪѧϰҶͬ־ĲҲ棬Ҫ˽һ¡
⡭ʿЩҽô£ôõҽڲǰֵ˵˼ҵĲ飬ѵ֪Ҫתһʲôвֵ֢ĲˣϲҲɡ
ҶЦЦĿݣڣҽ˽ʲô˽ĲǼ٣Ҫ˽ܲİɣ
ҶĻ£һҲˡ
֪ҽ˽ʲô
˶Լ½Ȼɨһݺʿߵǰŵͷ
½Ȼȥʡų͸ϵҽԺˣһˮʡʱģҽԺˡ
Ҷͬ־ô⻰ʵҶ档
Ҷ棺öˡ
ʹҶ棬½Ȼٴתͷݣҽܾ𣬵Ҷͬ־ĲɹҽȫȨģʵں棬ʡ
ô˵½Ȼɨݵͺʲôƻһ˵ˣʿһԿţΡ
Ȼ½ȻаգȥʣҲ˵ʲôģϾֻҪܲɵͲ֪Щ顣
ҡݱ½ȻôǺԭ˵ʲôɿ˿Ҷ棬ֿ˿½ȻرĿ½ȻϵһƷתתڨڨ˵һ䣺һвˣˡ
һߣʿҲôҩҶ棬½ȻкҲæȥˡ
Ҷں½ȻģʿѲһ鲡󣬻صʿվûЪһ£ͱҽڽˡ
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Ǻ˽⡣
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ҲסԺȻҪסȬΪֹˡʿһֵĿݣ˵ҽҲҽ㲻𡣡
ҡǣΪк˵Ҷͬ־ʲôʱܲءЩε˵
ʿûаֲǲ֪˵ֲҶͬ־ļ
ʵ֪һЩǲ˵ֲǹʲôˣ˳ܵҶͬ־Ĳʲô
Ҷͬ־ס󣬹ξͲŲ𣿡ݶʿʵ
ʿҡͷҽû
ʿһ֪գҲû취Źܵӣȷ˵˵
ʲʲôҲûʿˣ뿪ݳ˼ţסһͲòɫʳڣͷȫ̸飬˶Ҫ𣬻һ̽ӻͦģҶͬ־ѵĸ߲Ů
ʱڲ֪ݵĲ룬֪Ҳġ
һʡûʱҶͬ־Ҷͬ־ָô
ãҽ˵ˣͲҪôƿˡҶû˳½Ȼȥʡʲôڣ治ѯʲǴ֪̫ûʲôô
Ҷֱϵ̫ԣ֮ǰȥһЩ࣬Կûкö٣ϿĲŷһ;ľ
֡
Ҷ½ȻĻͷһԼ֣ǳһ£⡣
½Ȼٴοһۣʵ𣿡
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˵˼䣬½Ȼ𣬲ʵҶͬ־ƱǮ𣿡
ʣءѹûãһûڿռúõء
ǾͺãҪǲˣҶͬ־ֻܺ˵


31 

½Ȼ뵽˸ղŵɿڣҶͬ־ҽм˵ҽûʲô⣬ǽһ䡣
ڣҲҽˣûҽҲֻǸ˵½ӳ͹ˡҶ˵ţʵô𣿡
ûʲôǡ½Ȼһ£˵ˣѹһЩ֣Ҷ治òĶ
Ҳ֪ͻȻӴ㣬˵ͼ׽Ҫġ
ҲǺסҶǲĿ½Ȼɻʵҵ֪ǣΪʲô˵Ӵң
ʲô֪ӴҲûðҸκʲô˵⻰ʱҶĺڶģЩ½Ȼ֮ǰ޵ģɵĻ²˵ġ
½ȻҶãȻַŭı̾һҲ֪Ҷ治֪ʲô
ҶϷ򸾶ֻԼŮƽĵĳʲô߹ΪŮİȫ룬˵ԴͰ߲ʮȥһΣ±˷ץסʲô
˵ҶϷ򸾶˶ҶҲǺġ
ҶϷ򸾶Ǳߵͬ־˵Ƕ֪ѾŮϹִˣû뵽˳ıôܣǱˣҶҲɥ󺣡
½Ȼı飬Ҷ֪ԼĶˣֵͷ˵˵ҶˣʲôûˣҪô
½ȻҶϷ򸾶˹׾޴󣬵ǶҶ˵ʵܲƽС͵øչٺãҲ治˸ĸ
˫׾ڣȴʮ궼ϣ񻹵ĵģҲԹˡ
Ҷͬ־㲻Ҫ֪Ҫôο½ȻɰͰ͵˵ôһ䡣
Ҷ汻ӵµֽ˽ףֶĶˡ
û£ֻǣֻǡҶЩʣۿ΢죬һ½Ȼ־ǿƫͷ⣬ƺĴһ㡣
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ҶҪҡͷ½ȻѾϴƻȥˣҲˡ
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Ҳ֪ҶϷ򸾳ʲôģҶôƯĹӦҲһԲӼ˰ɣ
϶Ӣۣ˺ܴĹףҶڹͱһҲû
Ҷ½Ȼѣֻװ֪ĳƻҲ˵
Ҷͬ־ʲô㣿
½Ȼ⻰ɹҶͣ³ƻĶ
ʲô
˵ʲô㡣Ҷ϶˼ȻҶعӦ֪ٻӢˡ˵ӢˣҲܣֻڹڴš
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Ҳ֪һ̫ͻȻˣңһûáԲӦӲ
Ҫǲﰲ½ȻĲԶ治һҶĻ
ãĻ½ȻЩ̣뿪˵ԻҶլȥļҡ뵽ʲô⻰
Թ𣿱Ͼʮûߡ½ȻҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪôʣ뵽Լ˰ɡ
Ҷ⻰˺ü룬ſ½Ȼ棬һһٵ˵ûʲôԹģҲģֻûѡ
Щ飬ˡ
½Ȼգһ֣صҶͬ־ӦԺ
ҶͻȻЦˣЦ½ȻȴЦıѹ
½ӳأ
½Ȼͱȴ˫ߣʮܼ϶Թżһͱͻİļ磬·ʲô飬ã޴룿
·ϻɱɥ󺣲˵ò׻ص磬ȴжһߣҪԹǺѰɣ
ο˲ܽܵǣôǲܺ˫žۣجϮҪ˵ԹȥԺ½Ȼ֪ܲġ
½ȻΪҶɵĲ֪ʲô飬һܲµԼĸˣҪȻع·ϾͲɱҲֻĸǱй¶ϢŻΣգȻΣգôĸҲ͡
ʱȥԺʵ̫ǿˡ½ȻҶûЪ˹ʣûбĿ֣Ѿ쳣侲ǿˡ
֪ôشҶĻ½ȻЩε˵Ҷͬ־̫ˣҪ


32 ˫

ҶǿĳһЦݣͷû˵
½ȻҲ֪Ҷ鲻ãˮƿˮ󣬶˼䣬Ҳˡ
뿪ʱ򣬿Ҷﻹʣµİƻ½Ȼ˵ʲôһ£û˵ˡǱ˵ʱûθҲ
Ҷͬ־úϢٹ㡣
½Ȼ뿪ҶİƻڴԼڴͷƽԼ˿̻ҵ
ǻȥ˰ɣ
ЩģɵĻҶԼһԼĶˡ
Ȼ֪½ȻЩʲôӦԹȥˡ
ϡ
ҶϵһƻЩȡ
㣿
½ӳġ
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򿪣ʾҶԷȴֱĿԼܲ⣺ôˣ
㡭Ҷ쵫ֻ³һͣˡ
ôˣ
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ѼҪһЩһǮ
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ͷʳôۻԱˡ
ʳôԣǹ硢ʳ껹ǰٻ¥ۻԱǳְҵñְҵԼĳ㸣ʲôźõԼݡ
иۻԱݣҲȱĶ˭·̸ϵ졣
ԣڸʳûںϿл˵ǮһֻǹһЩǲҪƱҲȱʮǮȻνˡ
ǳ涨ֻ֣ܶˣһɱһֻˡ
˵вȫȥɡ
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ҶԵĲʱ򣬹Ҳˡ
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Բˣʵ
ҶͷҷԺôˡԼڲۣһһһ˿һƤͺ˶ռҲ˷֡
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Ҳ֪ԼĶһ㣬Ҳܶһ㣬Ǵķˡ
ˣԲ¾ͱˡֻҪΪӰθںͺá
ѷңȥϴˣְɣֱһ㡣
ͷʳ˭˵ĺܣҶ濴ʣµ֮һһ£˵ˣŰɣҪǻÿԳԡ
ҪǵˣҪģԹ˵ģñ˳ԣⲻĩҶû취ôɣ˼ȥԼҲãҲգܹ鴦ò˿ͺˡ
ܸ˵ﻹУɼҶ˵棬Ҳʣǵͷ˵ԾͳԣԾˡ
Ż£Ȼ֪ӦҶ滹ӦûҪҪ̡ʵԼʱҲִŵġ˷ѡš
費ϴҲûţˮȥҶ滻ˮ󣬻Ͷֱ
106ŲؽΣвٵĻʿܿʹݵĶˡ
ܴ˿̾ҶĲѰ״ӵĶһ¡
ͲŲͣǹˮЩüͷˣ͹ܹˣ֪Щ


33 

ܱŷǱƿһķû֪ˣҲġ
Һҽֻͬ¹ϵû
⻰䣬ҶͿǲűƿһķžôϢĹˡ
ɫף黨ӣȻûа״ڣҶ֪˭
ȻˣͶ䵽ϵĻƲİӰʾ˻û뿪
ܼ˵˵ʲôɱš
ҶﵴЦ⣬ɤöҽû˵ʲô˵ֵֹĲ֢ûҪоо
ɲҪС棬ҽǵô˵ģҶ˵ûоԼҩ˼ǣô
⻰üͷҲ͸¶˼ֲãʲôúģָĺܺãտͺˣ¡
ΪҽԲ˵¶Ҷ棬Ҳݹˡ
οҶ浱½Ȼ͵ҽԺʱһߣòײŻָ˭ûݿɵãֱûڵ˵ЩĮĻʵ̫ˡ
ᵹˣԲȻ渺𣬵һҲ壬һ˵һж˵ûתһ˵
ҽôģҲΪҲ𣿡ҶɨһϵİӰڹϣ˹ȴһѪΪҲĳֺͷչе棿о
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Ѿûϴˣϴռϴʲô飬ҶҲôš
ȻһЩƺ±
䣬ǡԺģȥϵģ»˵л
Ҷĩ꣬һʼ⣬йһΪ˵빲֣ʲô飬ϰԵĶڡ
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Сʱ
ϴҶϴս裬վϣŸӺľ壬Ҫǿ˹˵ϴˮ©ˮάޣҪһá


34 Ŷ

ǹ뵽İ취
ҶһʼЩŽɣһʱҲ벻õİ취ֻͬ⡣
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ҶϴʱѾˣԹܲû̫ã˵˼䣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
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⻰ùһţæҶһۣûвˣ˵½ӳˣȻꡭҶͬ־Ĳȫ̸ģҵȻҪˡ
ȷ½ȻҶտģǲŲԼҶģǱˣ߶ԷʲôԳԣʲôҪɿڣԲ³ȥࡣ
ҶһԽӻ½ӳ㲻죬ҽͦģҳԲҽԺʳõķˣϸĵĸ˲Ų͡
ҵ廹취̶ָȡ
Ҷ˵棬һƬǸм½Ȼһһ˲ûˡ
̫ˡҶͬ־ܺ˹ء½Ȼ˵ţѾһ˷裬Ҳû룬Ҳǰѷд򿪡
Ҷͬ־Ժʳ˷ݺ⣬ʳǰ׷زǳ˿ģԲҲû£ͷƤ¯ţϳҲС½Ȼһ˵ţһ߰ѷ˰Ҷǰ
Ҷ濴˿ܷļ࣬ٿ½Ȼķˣûж̧ͷŹܣѯʣܳ𣿡


35 Ų

⻰ʵȻܲܳ½ȻķˣҲĿڣܣ
䣬ּ˵廹̫ˣ̫ܳĻȡļڣʲôⰡҪԣ˸
ļᶨһҲĸʳû⹩ӦûйӦҲ취ҶŪԵġ
ҶЦ֮ǰ˵˺ܶأôͲܳԺˣȻҶҲûԺ⣬Ͼˣ˵ռʶ壬˵ŴԽûĶ٣ȻЩѽѽûʲôġ
ܵĻһԵ½Ȼһ£˿Ҷ棬ٿܣһʱЩΣЩζ
û뵽½ȻȻЩζһ뵽ҶûлɹбС˼
ֻҶ治ףŪóԵİοοҲòһӪȻƻָ˴룬ǻҪϸϸĵȻüɿڡ
Ҷϧô죬½ӳһƬأҪǲԣɾ˷ˡ
䶯£û˵ﰵ˷ʳ˷½ȻһƬ⣿
ʲôⰡ½ȻҪ⣬ô֪ڶԻмɿڣŪôĺ˾ǲġ
ŤϵĹܾܾȥʱÿÿ²жƱĶ£½ȻҶŪһݺû
½ȻҶĻʱú˵ûϵû뵽Ҷͬ־
Σ԰ɡ½Ȼܿڡ
ȻЩۣһԼڵùܶҶտҲǹƴİҶȻģҲûôˡ
ȹ˵ֽ˵ӦûûгԷɣãҶͬ־Բˣˡ
ϵȴǲãէһ½Ȼ⻰ɿ죺ʲô
θҶͬ־׼Ųˣⷹˣβ͵ллˡ½ȻȻеȱٳ⣬ⷹ˿ɰ㶼ܡ
صʳôʦ˽ŪģҪʳа⣬ҪҶõҲûôס
ʳôʦʲôʡ͵ĵƣҪСҪõģø˵ûţȻûС½Ȼڣ˱˵ҪŪݺˣŪÿ顣
ϸﶼȱƽǺҲ׼վûˡ׷½ȻʡײС
ܴõʳȥۺ죬ҸڵӽĹԼڼġ
½ȻԼԵĻһͷõĺ⣬һ鶼ûж
ȻҶڳԲɣǸܳԣõлҲ˷ˡ
ˣҡ
ܵĻû˵꣬ͱ½Ȼˡ
βÿ½ȻЦϡ
ҪΪһݷ˳һᣬҶ濪ˡ
Է𣿡
Ϊûָ˶ػˡ
½ȻͷԹˡ
ʶʵĻشҶĻûС
½Ȼһӻðݷ˹γˣҲͲ˷ˡ
Ҷǳ˳飬ͷ٣ʳȱ˳ԷܲܲҪ䶼벻˷֣Źֵֹġ
һ½ȻҶﰵ⣬Ȼû½Ȼ̫ദʱ䣬Ҳ˽⣬Ҷ治½ȻǸ̶͵ˣô˵ôء
ҡͷҾͲˣҰ칫˷ˡⷹ½ӳȥһ¾ܳˡ
Ų½ȻݷأҶ׼ŲԼģ½Ȼʲôϵ
Ҫ½Ȼл
ܲܳ½ӳⷹˣ˷Ұ칫ķɡ
˵ˣ½ȻҲͲ˵ˡ
Ҷͬ־ԺˣлᣬγԶٷúøлл㡣
ܱ鵭ЦóһʱٿɡʲôллģҶǵҽı֣չҶԸģ½ȻʲôϵҪ½Ȼл
Ҷͬ־Ժ÷˼ǵóҩ½Ȼڣܲÿô
Ը½Ȼ˵ʲôллĻܶҶ涣䣬뿪ˡ
ˣһԳԺ⡣ٳŵʱͣ£תĿҶ濪ڣ㲻ܳڡ
ҶЦѣֲСӣ͵԰ٹɲˣҽģΪԼ룬һҽġ
½ȻһЦģڣҲҶͬ־ҳԶġ
ڣҲû취ģ⻰ڹĶ½ȻһͷʲôҲû˵뿪ˡ
һߣҶҲͿʼ


36 һ

ԹԵĺȼ࣬½ȻֽķˣЩźⱾǸģ֪Բˡ
Ҷ˵ûڸ½ӳò˷ѣҪȻһܹⲻȥġ
ҶԺ⵭ûһ˿ԲĿϧı飬½ȻҲ֡
ӢʱȻʮ˫ףҶϵĵ̣Ҷϵϸչˣ˵ˣɽ亣ζ嶼еģȻһݺûϢˡ
ǺҶƽһ˶ѣԾͿԳԡѾǹʱ½ȻܸŪĲķˡ
½Ȼʵû˵һʳóʦĺˣǰ͢ҴʣƷζҶҲųԵģЩֺŵ˽˾͸˵ˡ
ڶʮͣҶ԰ĳʦǶ֪ҶԹζ࣬ڿռĸִõʳҲ٣ôܶһݺⷸûϢ
ҪȻԵ˿½Ȼ˿ģζ
áмأѾˣҾͲˡղŹ뿪ʱģҶһ£ĺãҪȻҪ֪϶Ҫˡ
½ȻҲǿ룬ȻҲǻɣֻ࣬ǴͰˡ
Ҷںʱ½ȻҲûţůˮƿˮϴƻæҶԵĲʱ½ȻְŰѷϴˣҶҪԼС
칫ܿŴ򿪵ĺҶǸһģһķ裬һᣬ˿ӡ
ֵķֻùһһһֱҶ׼Ų͵ʱûȥʳý꣬΢˼һ£Ͱķóˡ
Ȼ½Ȼղźӣǹ뵽ԼҶͬķ裬Եһļ࣬Ĳ˲˲١
Ȼûжţ֪Ȼ˵˲ԣҶǲ½Ȼĺģ˵룬½ȻҲõġ
ܶ½Ȼ˽⣬֪½ȻҶϿԺԣⷽϣ˵뷨һµġ
½ȻûҽԺҶ˵һỰ󣬼ǷҲ뿪ˡ
ҽԺſεݣ½ȻüۣſгԶ
ת½Ȼ뿪ıӰٻͷһ106ŷķ˼
ܸհѷϴûذ칫ңû£칫ҵžͱ죬ͷһ͵ЦţЩ֡
ҽ𣿡
Σĩ𣿡Цʵ
ûе106ŷҲûܵЩһݿŹܵĿ͸¶һĪš
ܣ£
ΪղųԷԵʣϲûдŰ״ӣŰɫĳǳɫļëͦΣʵζŨˡ
ϵЦݿһ£Ҫһ𿴸Ӱ԰أɻû˵ͱסˡ
۾һתֲ˼Ц˵һ˵ϴȥʡѧϰʱּ⣬˵ĩʱء
ʲô⣿
ݻûüģһ仰
˵һ˵ҿûصϣûȥһ
ǰʲô⣬ҹʣĽ˵ڣȻǸȥﲻãüͷ㲻ɵ
ҡԼȥϰɡƵ˵
ܵͷҲУûкʵϣٺ˵ȻԺҲһϱҶ࣬һء
ݳһЦ˵ͷ
ܵͷӺ̧ͷݻڣɲ죺ҽ㻹£
ǳ˳飬ôһţû˵㻰
ûˡЦЦ
ʱƳ˹Ĳϵ֣ɳˡ
Σ106ŲҶͬ־ʲôܿĲ𣿡ȥϿҪ˽ҶĲ飬ǾȻûвݣֻʿʳġ
ܺϲ̧ͷҽôˣ
Ҷͬ־Ĳȫ̸𣬲֣֮ϼ˼ܣҽʲô𣿡
һϱһ£æ֣ûУûУҾǺѣҸղҽԺſڻ½ӳأӦҶͬ־ģҾһѡ
ϼ˼ӣҶݲһ㣬ǲ֪ĸ˵Ůˡ
Źܣﰵ⣬ܸҶŲͣҶҪģԼģ
šܵӦһ
ûҪ˵˼ЩεǹΣæţˡ


37 ϡ

뿪󣬹ûż򿪲αϣ˼
ʱϿƵĿƳͺ˵Ҷ没飬û뵽ݾȻ
ҪҶĲʲô
ö˶˵ģΪʲôҪҶĲ
ʲôˣҽԼãҪ˲֣֢Ĳ鷳ĲˣŻҽ԰
ܲǸȥҽĲ˵ˣôΪʲôҶôģ
Ҷж᲻ʲôϵ
ֹܻô룬ʵΪ̫ˡ
ȶҲҪʮܷٶʮҲеģǰҶӢƽǡ
ĶӢʵﶪʧģȻûԵʣǲųҶ¶ƽûаߡ
뵽ܵüͷϵ˲ЩĪǵõһμҶ棬ɫҰףʪ͸֪ڼƳϣʵѪôĴۡ
뿪֪ԼΪܶҶעһЩǵùܻ½ȻҲڷĵ
̤ҶĲģ첡Щ࣬Ҳæ΢
ҶȤһΪ½ӳˣҽ񣬾Ͳ̤ⲡء
һæڽͣ粡̫ˣˣʲô׷ࣿԺ𣿲򲻵Ҹòã
ҽ˵ڻܳ𣿡
ܲڵ˵ûԣҲ˵ܳҸôܳԼСǼĲҶ½Ȼķˡ
𣿡⻰ҶβϵֳҺŵı顣
ûػ˵ֽҹҽ͵͵ģдһ˿ί
йҽʲô
⻰һܲҲ˵ɼء
Ҷ淢֣ܶú氡̲סҪȥһ飬˲Ҷ治üȥˡ
ˣܣ۲ۣվˣɡ
ºҲ˵ôҶ棬ҶȻҲǲģüЦĿ
üӺ󣬹ܲڵƿĿ⣬Щ죬ɤӣڵ½Ȼ˵ʲôˣ
ҶɨһſڣûʲôڣŻص˰Сʱû˵ʲô
½Ȼ֮ǰ˵ЩѾˣҶã½ȻɵͲҽԺĵط˵дȽ˽ܵ飬ֻڵ˼䣬˵˵ڵ״
Ҳ½ȻҶջԹںܶ˽˵һЩճҪȻҶ滹治ÿʣϾҲ֪ԼӦĸεġ˽⡯ĺá
ܣÿʳ٣
ܣÿʳʮϸ˽Ϊʲôĺķʳ൱ڿˡ
Ҷͷּ˵ÿ¶ᷢƱȯÿ»ƱƱ
Źһһ˵ҶҲš
ϲҶ˫峺ŹĺЦģ˵ĸˡ
³ϸӦ棬Ȼ㲻ϸûе£Ҳʱ䵱һ¡ЦЦҲڣ˵ˣȱ⼸˵˭µ׾ҪˣйӦˡ
ҶһһߵͷɴͳԼ͸ʳƱʣΪʲôûиƱͺƱ
ܽӹһ˼һ£ڣӦǹԭҰҵĸƱͺƱ㡣
ãáҶæҡͷҾǺѣ֪ģҲŻ
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ܵȻ֪ʵջʱҲǱЩƱȯŪЩ£ùΣҲˣʲôҪʲôƱʲôƱˡ
ʵڣҲ˵ʱͬһϸ²ҪƱ¾ҪƱˣȫӦȱʱҪƱȱʱͲƱ
û£Ժ˽ˣ˵ˣвĶҡ
ڵȻȲ˹ڣʷȱٵģҰѺƱ͸Ʊɣʲô򡣡˵ţܾҪӿڴͣǲ֣һεĶסˡ
ʲôҡ¸ٸ㡣ǰԼĺƱһƶֻϵѪǵиˣڸƱһѵĻʿˡ
Ҷ汾ûҪһ⾽ȵģʱûסЦˡ
Ǻǡ
ǵһο⾽ȵأϡ档


38 е

ܱΣһҶôЦʱˣֻǶе죬ᶼ쵽ˡ
ܣҲáҶЦˣſڣģҲЩԼá
˵ҶЦ˵ҿɲǿȹ֧ε
ȻǼƻãôÿְҵÿƷӦǾģ˹ܵĸƱˣҪõʱɾûˡ
Ҷ½ȻЩѶϢ˽һЩӦǱϳʲôˣ˵Ҫʲôˣ˵Ӧ̵ģʳࡣ
ȻƱ͸ʳƱҪ¸²ŷҶѾʳ˽˴š
Цˣüã㲻õģһˣڲԵǺ͸ͻεġ
ҲҪҶ˵գ˵˵
Ҫ˵ע⣬Ҷ涼ѿռóԵĶóҲˡ²УԺУã͵Ūġ
˭Ҳ֪Ͼʲô
ںȫƾˡ
ʮһ죬˷Ʊˡ
ÿһ췢ʣڶһŷƱÿһ¹ȥµһʳӾˣüƻҪȻµ׶϶١
ãҶҲһԺ
ʮסҽԺһԺʮ졣
ҶվҽԺſڣĳһڲٰռҽԺϴϴˡҪǣڲٲϵˣֱڣҪû취ܾҶԸⰤѽ
ҽԺĲŷҶ洩ԼԽʱ򴩵·һվƽǻվ·һ֮ǰƺûʲô仯
ǣܿģĽ𣬳ҽԺȥ
ҶŤͷȥһԣ½Ȼ͹˻˵
ƺע⵽Ҷߣԭͺ½Ȼûʲô˼˵Ļ́ͷ˹ȥ
ΣС鷳ˣʵ̫лˡ
ĲɵӦûʲôӦġ
ʱˣγԸ
ãǾô˵ˡܱ˵ãɿҶ棬Ļͻˡ
½Ȼ΢΢һ£֮ǰ˵ʱǲԸģôͻ˵ˣ
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⻰½ȻԺʱˣҪ뿪ҽԺˣûҪ˵˼һ£Ҷ滹ˡ
һԣҶ˵ǡǡֵʱͻȻЩ
½Ȼȴȥ
ҶԵһͷû˵
½Ȼ͹ܸ׼Ҷ뿪оߣҶ½ȻȥгʱŤͷȥǣҽҰˣпվ㡣
ãܿҶ棬Ӧ
˶˼룬½ȻгҶ̨ס
Ҷг̨ϵ˻˻֣һĨݸЦ˲ζӳ¡
ܻذ칫ҵʱ򣬿ҽԺſһĻĻʿС
ղҶͬ־뿪εıӰе
԰ôôӰͱŮǵһĻЩᡣ
˵Ҷͬ־ˣǲͦѹģ
˵Ӧѹİɣ
ҶȻԼסһĻʿ򽻵һģƯŮͬ־ҽԺﱾע⣬˵ĻǹҽԺġƽˣȻٲ˵ġ
֪жԲһҽ͸ǧϷˡ
Ȼûʲôǧ˵ҶһͲͨͥĹȣϵ·ѥӣ޲˵
½ȻǰںԾֻҹҶѺҲһֱƵƵҽԺ
½ȻϵƷϽ̬ȣ˾Ҷݲһ㣬ͥͳǺܸߵ֣ǲ˶ҶͬʱҲڰ²ʲô
ҶԺ˵ģҪˡӵҶ뿪ҽԺģںҶ͹ûϵȲ˵Ҷټסȥܲǿ϶ġ
гϣҶһ·Žֱߵ˵ĸо
Ϊʲôôˣ
·Χ˲˵ĵطҶ治ʵ
½ȻͷҲأվ췢ʣһŷƱء
ҶſǱΧĵط¶˰߲ĺɫġվ


39 ܿ

ûϸҶҲ֪վһ·Ͼ·
뿪ҽԺӴתСִСתϴ֣ưתģһ·ϣ½ȻʱʱĺҶ˵ŻҶںȴüͷɵƽǵ·̫ƽˣгӲģһ·ߵƨƨۡ
УίԺ·ŵʱ½ȻҲ³һ߰гϵһߺүкôҶȥˡ
ͣ£ѾڴԺˡ
Ҷ³󣬲ɫɨһΧܿջߣ½Ȼ
ǲ飬½ȻЦŽͣ־ڸڣίͬһԺ
һ඼ǻصλ½Ȼû˵ҶϤˣԼ֪ˡ
Ҷͷ¶ĵı飬ûĴ
Ҳ㻹ϰʱ䣬Ժûʲô߶ᣬ˲Ž
ԺֶĸԷߵ¥Ҳ㣬Է½ȻסڶԷ
·ϣˣ½ȻЦǺǵĺͶԷкҶ棬Щ䵽Ϻֻ
ש߷ԶԶͿˣ½ȻҶԼסķӣŴ򿪡
½Ȼסǽ·ֵķӣһש߷еһ䡣
ʮƽ׵Ĵ󿪼䣬񡢳һӦȫ߷һŴ󴲣ſϴϴë裬СǽţһЩճһϷš
ˮ⻬ɾڼ˸ʽƯĵذҶ˵ʲôо΢Щ졣
ûϴּ䣬ҶɨһۺЩֲ⡣
˵ҪôҶЩѽ⣬һҲڵĿ½Ȼϵɻı¶
ʵҶס⣬½ȻҲܿգֲյģⲻǰιֻˡ
ҶҽԺʱ򻹺ãһԺ½Ȼ뵽⣬ҲЩͷҶլǺôŪȻˡ
ҸطԼסһ䷿ӣ
һֱô죿
ֻסĵطӴȥֻʧأ
˵ˣͷȥҸȫʵķҶסԺ̫ˣһס϶ǲеģҲ֪ҶӦ
˼ȥ½ȻȰҶУίԺ
ҶһɻĿԼ½ȻĵȻǱչźĽС㣬Ҳûз˵ģôһͬ־ˣǻˣ
˫ײߣҲԽĽʲôҶŮ鶼û֪½Ȼ룬ܻŵƽǣһ·û˹ƭƧҰɽȥ֪Ӧ˵ûǻòˡ
룬½ȻǶҶ˵ӣסһסŻΣա⻰½Ȼѹ˼֡
Ҷ˽ͷôס
ķʣûһ˿ȴ½Ȼû취һסˡ
Ҷ˵Ҳʵ½ȻɨһԼӣ֮ǰԼһסͦȢϱҲֺǺǵĹӣ˺뻻ӣҶһվʱñ
ȲżճԺ廹ûȫãˣϢһ¡½Ȼ˵ţ۵δҶ´ҽԺʰҶæȥͱƤ¯ӣϷú
½ȻˮһЩˮһ¶ãŶԿԼڣ棬ϴ֡
½ȻԼ֣Ҷ沢ûбֵĺܲ죬־Ǹ˽еģ֣ʵӦͬ־ͬ־Ľз
½Ȼ͵͵ƳһۣҶûκηӦŰ
ǰȥҽԺʱܽҶ֣棬ת˺ˣŽг
ˣܽ𣿡½ȻƺӦЩСĵʵ
Ҷһϴ֣һ߻ش𣺡԰ֲ˽е𡣡
ҶϰΪ̬½ȻףܽҶֲû˵ʲôֻôжѡ
ųԽԽ࣬һѾˣҶף°ʱ䵽ˡ
ˣȥʳóԷɣס½Ȼ˵ţֽܿ˵ȥޣҷȥ
Ҷûоܾ½Ȼ裬Ҳѧһķ衣
ⲻַǹܸģҶһ£ҲûоܾôˣûȥҲãԺ͵͵úóԵĸ
ǲ֪Լһۣûʲôϣ½ȻڣҶ뻻һ·Ҳû취
һ·ϣ½ȻҶȥʳóԷһߺ½Ȼкһ߾ȵĴҶ档


40 

ǸСĽĿг󣬺澭ĩʲôĳҶûЩĸߣҶǲˡ
ڳǰҶ濴½Ȼʳôڻ󻹸ˡ
Ҷͬ־Է
ҶͷԹþò
ԾǺһЦǰûˡ˵ţڶ£룬Ҷͬ־ǻҧק֣ǰ½ӵҽԺأ㲻Ϻþòɣ
оĿ⣬Ծֵղڴڴ򷹣ˣںҶͬ־ݣҲ֪δͬ־Ҷͬ־˵仰һԸء
½ȻױݸҶ¡
ĩʱѵʱҶҲûԹױҶӹ󣬲ǿۣССڵĳ
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ӪôȲ˵ڸоʣҶѾ׼ˣҧһں󣬻ǽ˺һŽȥ
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41 ۸

ڵĿ죬ʳûصѾߵˡ
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42 ס

ѽҲСˡһʮһģֻӵĹҶ濴ȥɿڣǺЦϵıûǸ⡣
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43 û

½Ȼŭȣͬ־עԴǡ


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44 

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뵽Ժ֮ǰ͹ԼһԺռҶڿռһңڿռĴ⡣
ĩʱҳԵģڣֺóԵˡ


45 ֵһĻ

ĩʱһΪһĻĻҶʱüЦʱ۵Ƿߺ޺ͱ䡭
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ҲˣҶ½ȻĹϵֵĺ棬ֵѯʣ̲ˣŪҶǷꡣ
ȻⲿϱҲǹ񫣬һҶشһﺢӿˣ·ϵĹƤ첽ȥһصҶʰ
ҶɨĩǰӶ˾нٸĩ󵽴һƬңڶţΪ˻һ·ʱϢͲˣбҪȥɨ
Ҵ߻أѧ˼򵥵ʰʹɨΪйڣֵܶĻҲࡣ
ŵϵһƬǽ壬ҶһԼΣﲻĩѹͷĻɨɨɾ
һŹϣ۲Ϊ
ֹЩھӣʲôƳţʲôεİˣʱʱţҶ涼ˣ½ȻƽЩ˹ϵôã
Ҷ治˿ڣ˵ˡ
ҡ½ȻҶĲãˡ
½ȻҶǰš
½Ȼ˰
½ȻӦʵôˣղ񲻿ġ
Ҷҡͷá
ǲƻˣ½Ȼû¿Ժ͸ھ˵˵ģ֮ǰайǣʲôǶԵġ
ԭҶǳ˳飬˵ôŵĶ˵½Ȼ飬ڣЩҲߣŻ졣
ҪǳէסĻ½ȻķӣҶЩ˷ϻİǴˡ


46 ˣ

һЩŮͬ־ǣҲ֪˵ʲôá
Ҷ²ߵӣ½Ȼһ£ҲʲôҲĲܵ
ϾŴӹԹڵһЩ˽⣬˵һֱϸչˣҲ֪ôЩŮʲô
һ£½ȻƺܿھŮϲҶʱʱһһĻˡ
½ȻԼչ˺Լ㲻еġҶ˵һ£ЩͣҲҪ֡
½ȻһﲻûпǺá
½ȻԼһˣֻһͬ־˽Ůͬ־飬ҲҶ澡Ӧڵ˫ײûãҶѹҪϤԱ߶߶
˵˼½ȻҶûʲôϰߵĵط˳Ƶʳûȥʳõ顣
ûȥʳóԷ𣿡
Ҷһ£ͷ
סڴԺӦúۣ֮ǰʳֵһҪûעǲܵġ½ȻҪ֪һ¾ˡ
ңҲǺܶҶЩε˵
ʲôвæתͳԵҲ٣ϼӰʱ򻹶Ĺ׿ˮиӲСͷ
½Ȼ˵ҶͿˡ
½ȻȥƱǲϤ̣ܴܲȥһΰΪ֮ǰ½Ȼץ˺ⶣҶû²Ҫš
û²Ҫŵ˼ҶʱҪţϾŵƽǣʲô飬Ҷ˼ȻźģھִţҲûܡ
Ҳ֪ѾˣһܲƱ͸ʳƱ
½Ȼͻ֮ǰҶƱǮˣֲ˼ڣһﻹס
ңҶæˡ˵Ҷ˵⻰ʱǲ˼ô½Ȼˡ
½Ȼһ£Ծ첻ǶûкúóԷɣ
ҡǣгԵġҶ治Ը˵ٴʵǻȥƱ𣿡
ҶҪߵĿ޵ı飬½ȻæԣԣȻԣһ£ȡȥƱ
һʳǱ˾չ˵Ĺң̶һʱ˱ͻعʧȥ˫ףжһߣȻǼ£ûǮԷһϵ⡣
½Ȼ붼֪ҶжѹҲͲûǮƱˣȴ˵Уˡ
Ҳ֪Լã¿Ƿɣ
ҶǰĹ⾰ξͲ˵ˣҶ϶ûܹʲôί˵ԹʲôˡȴҪôȣ½Ȼ붼֪ˡ
ƽǲСӴԺҶ·гҪСʱ;·ҽԺҶ濴ҽԺźһᣬĬĬ뵽ʱڸϰ
뵽ԼȥҶֻջĿ⡣
ܴҽԺųվڽɨһȦһĨӰҪϸʱӰѾ䲻ˡ
ԶĹսǣסǿ𣿻ۻˣ
Ҷ棬·ҽԺİɣӦġ
ôһ룬ﵹǺ˲١
Ҷ֪ں档
Ҷ·ֵ´
ȻҶǸˣΪʲôҶ·ֵأҶɻ󣬵룬Ҳ֪ʡ
³Ҷ̧ͷһ۰װֵƣȻջĿ⡣
½ȻóʹҶȥ
磬칫Ҳûʲô飬ĹԱںȲ졣
һһʷǷŮͬ־˵˶ˡ
ãͬ־һʮæվ
ʮҵŮͬ־ҲվĿ½Ȼֿ˿Ҷ棬ﰵ̾Ůͬ־ĺÿҲÿǵӰŮٵĵӰǡ
½Ȼá
ſƳɣ½Ȼ
ſƳһȻϵЦݸãã½ӳ
Ҷں鲻䣬ѾڴԺָ¾Ͳ˵ˣЩĸǲ٣еŮģҶͷֱ
û뵽һֵ´ҲиƳҶﰵڵĳôֵǮ
˺Ѻ½ȻҶ棬ſƳˡ
Ҷ棬Ҷͬ־ʳϵϸµ䵽ǽֵˣ¿ʼƱ͸ʳƱˡ
ǣ֪ſƳæͷҶЦҶͬ־á
ֵ´ĿƳûʲôʵȨܵƳΪãеʶȻҲеϵҪȻôɵְλôء
֮ǰֻϵ֣ΪǸͨСһССͨԾͲһͥĹ


47 ɫӰ

ҲǣҪһͨСô½ȻһӳԴءſƳת˼䣬Цĸˡ
ãſƳҶòĵͷ
Ҷͬ־ãá
䣬½ȻһͣſƳǰ첻ǷƱûʱԵˣⲻҶͬ־ȡ
ԶԶԣǰֵߵƱǶˣҶͬ־ôûȡءſƳһ˵ţһͳԿ״Լ칫ĳ룬ȡƱ͸ʳƱóǩͱʡ
Ҷͬ־µƱ͸ʳƱſƳƱ˫ֵݸҶ档
Ҷӹ̵Ʊȯɨһۣ˲ϸͷŵһ죬ȱ֪½ȻڣҶ治ſƳᶯʲôֽš
˵ˣͷƱණǶģжҪǸˣҪûѹȥ
ŵſƳǩȥЦż˵Ҷͬ־ǩ
ҶǩʱſƳ½ȻЦ˵Ҷͬ־ȥأҶͬ־ˣû
½ȻɲУⲻſƳǵĹ룬ȻΪ񣬵ҲǼӴ˲ǡ
ҲæĵˣԺᰴʱġ
½ӳˣΪ
ĿףҶܿǩѱӺͱƻȥſƳл
ſƳ˵Ʊ飬ҶֻûǺĿ׻Ҷס˵½ȻûأſƳ͡
ǩյãſƳָŰ칫Ůͬ־ܣǰ칫ҵСºСҶͬ־ԺҪ£ҲˣҲһġ
ſƳ˵ĿҶ浱ȻҲܾЦŵͷлֺССк
һԼƳô飬СºСȻҲɵģĻӦ
ʵſƳﲻ֪ҶҲûʲôҪģÿƱѣϾ½ȻڣС²¸òˡ
ǿҪ˵ģ˵ˣЩʱһеʲôܰأԵʲôõġ
ѿ׺󣬿ĸſƳ½ȻҶ͵ſڡ
˹ǸʮŮͬ־ϴһɫװͷ룬ſƳˣĿ˼ۣҶϵʱĿüۡ
ҶоֵĴߣ½ȻſƳ˵ʱƫͷȥö̽ߡ
Ҷ濴æջĿ⣬ҲͣǼ̨ףͽȥˡ
Ҷ΢΢üȻЩ֣Ҳû˵ʲôſƳٴòл½Ȼ뿪
ſƳص칫СºС˾ͺ
С£ƳҶͬ־˭ҿ½ӳͦġ
ȻȫҶû˵ʲôģ½ȻҲûô̸СºСǿ½ȻҶмֿ
԰СƳ֪ʲô˵˵¡
ſƳ˵Ҷͬ־ʳʮ
˵ʱ򣬰칫иӰĵĿǽվ͵
ôˣûйĸŮÿ¶ʮһʳ⣬йŮͬ־Ҳжʮʳָ꣬Ҷͬ־ʮƾʦĹɡ
Ҷͬ־ϸĽϸſƳЦЦ
ΪʲôСºС˶һۣһͷˮʮʳʮʳһİϸ
ſƳŪ˵Ҷͬ־ûйء
ôᡭСˡ
ûйŮͬ־ͳһһ¶ʮһʳôҶˡ
˵ءſƳһڲ裬ӡ
Сһ£ѵΪ½ӳĹϵ
ſƳæҡͷ½ӳûйϵûôءʳ˵ģн
ǵʲô
룬˸߼֪ʶϸĶ࣬Щ˻ϸأ
СƳ˵Ҷͬ־Ǹ߼֪ʶӣͺСء
Сһԥһ£룬߼֪ʶӿйģȻҶͬ־ûʳ仹ôãҲпǻŮɣ
ϾҶͬ־ѥһٻ¥ﶼ򲻵̷˵ȵĴҲܺأô÷Ҳ֪֪ƱĶ࣬ƱƱ
ǲµģʲôû˵ſƳЦЦ˵ˡ
ע⵽Сµı飬ſƳﰵͷСҪСһ㣬ֵúú
Һ˵ǽֵ
칫⣬ɫӰ֪治˵ʲôˣĵ뿪


48 ߼۷

Ҷ½Ȼȥ·ϣٴ·ĸ߼۷ꡣ
ղ·ʱ򣬶鶼ŵ·ˣᾭһЩˣǻֵܿĳ
½Ȼѳͣ£Ҷ³ԼѳƵǰһгϡ
緹ûԣĲζԡ
Ҷ濴˿ǰƶĶ飬ٿһбٵĹӪ꣬ʵǸ߼۷ɣ
ҽԺʿһţҲŶӵһż۸ߣһڴŶӡ
ԡ½ȻӦգæȥȡŶӡ
ƺҶиһ½Ȼ˵룬æ̫ˣԶٺõģ߼۷ĶǹһЩζĲżҲԼεġ
ҶԵͷҲû˵ʲô½ȻһŶӣѾˣ˲ֵ࣬ܿˡ
˵Ǹ߼۷꣬ȥһʵҲû˼ˣзģʮŵˡ
½Ȼۼ⣬ӿˣ첽ȥռˣҶк
ռλãȥ򡣡½Ȼ˵ҪתͻȻʵ棬ʲô
ղŽʱҶǽϵĲ˵ˣţĻʳӶ࣬ͷ׷ʲôģΪıȹӪһЩԵ˲ࡣ
ҡҶ濴˿ΧĳԵֵˣֿ˿½ȻƺЩӦε½ȻҲ󶮣㿴ŵɡ
У½ȻȻĵͷת̨ȥȥһŸ߸ߵĶһ̣ƵĹ
оſһĴںһڡſһţܲڡǮһļ²ֽӡ
½ȻûҪڵģţڵĽӸҪ˰ҪǮһݵһһëǮĳ⼸װһ̡
ЩҶ˵Ȼ㲻ʲôҲ֪ʱڵ˵ζʲô
ЩȵĿǰĳʳٿ½Ȼȣ½Ȼ㣬ôôࣿ
һٵó˽ʮſǮ˰ɣ
һ¹ʲŶ٣³أ׼µ׶ӣ
½ȻЦЦడҲûúóԷǳˣʹһ١
˵ţ½ȻѿӵݸҶ棺԰ɣӺ˿ɾͲóˡ
ˣʱ˵ʲôЩûҪˣҶռƱǮ½Ȼء
Ҷ治˼ЦЦͷӹӣ½Ȼлл㰡
˲ų˼ڣֽˣŮͬ־һ̽ͷλã½ȻҶһʱ۾һһߵһˣһָָ
һҼһпλĴ
ڷԱĺУһ˶ŰĽӺһ½ȻҶһ
һԵİ£Ϸ˲С죬ҪҶܿǷɽܽˡ
Ҷ治üôȥԷ۵ģ
ԣõҲԣôĶ㽦Ͼ͹ˡ
½ȻҲü̧ͷȥ㡭
µˣ½Ȼһ£ȣᣬôˣ
ôҲ𣿡
ߺ˵ţԻûµӢڣŸϲվų԰
ӢЦź½Ȼк½ӳɰûλˣǴ
˵꣬ӢͰ£ûпҶһֱ
½ȻӢ˵ʱûлӦڣӢɲ½Ȼ
ķҶֱ½ȻҶ棬ӢҶˡ
ӢҶףǲ۵˶࣬ۡ
֣ɲĩ㲻úϰ࣬ʲô
½Ȼ˿˵ʱҶ֪죬һԱߵӢǲزסĵı飬Ҷﲻ֪һĻô¡
Ӣĵ
½ȻŮѣ
ŶӦ˵Ƕ
ǴԺôԼǲ½ȻĶ
ѵ˵ڽ
ǣ
Ҷ濴˿Լᣬֿһ½Ȼû˵Լĳź
ס½Ȼļ½Ȼķϣղ³çòΪҶʾƽˡ
ҾôƽҰ˵ţĿҶһۣƯô֪ԳԳԣûò
½ȻĶͷϵһһĵģһżڣûУС֪𣿡
С̣
Ҷɲ죬Ƕݣ
½ȻܷҮ͹ˣ緹ûгԣˣܲҳԷһۣš


49 

½ȻҭסûĿ˶Ӣһָۣ飬ҿɲ㣬ôУû¾ܡ
ǣæǴæˣ˰ɣƲߺߣĵæʲôææŴ˳Է
Ӣһ֣½Ȼﲻ֪ô£ӢƳˣܷȥʡǰҹˡ
Ӣע⵽½Ȼǿڽͣ½ӳһСʱĹģ˾ȥǰ칫ˣûڣȥˣԵ㶫
֮⣬Ҳɺϡ
ǰʳñЦֱƳݺݵѵһ٣ϼ˴ɨʳá
Ӣһ٣ʡᣬ΢˵һҶס½ȻҲϣ˼پ͹ˡ
Ҷ濴˿½Ȼֿһᣬû˵ԼĳŽӣŰ
½ȻŮѰɣ
ŶӦ˵Ƕǡ
ǴԺôԵԼǲ½ȻĶ
ѵ˵ڽ
ǣ
ͲģҲãҾҲǲ˼ҰͷѾлɣĸûᷴ԰
ӢɨҶһۣΪ⣬ﰵߵߣҶ棬ʳóʰ㡣
Դº󣬾ں½Ȼ˵ŻȴڴҶ棬ĳԶƺԼ½ȻĹϵһҲ档
ǷɿĻһĨģǺÿҲûӢ˵ô֪ԳԳԣҲ֪кûò
ú˵½ȻεķʵС֪𣿡
С̣
Ҷأɲ죬˲Ƕݣ
°὿ЦЦƳĿӣĿӷɿȥƫеİöӼߡ
Ӣ㲻˵½ȻͣǶԵĽӡ˵ţѽӷŵӢĵ
ӢЦĿģá
Ҷ浹Ҳûж룬ֻ˸ӼУֱܿļˡ
ţ½Ȼ㣬ҶðɣȻҽ軨׷𡣡ЦӯӯĶ½Ȼ
ǵиԼ
һξͰˣһΣҶ￴Լ
˵Ҷˣ½ȻҲСٶˣûĿһۣᣬҪ֣Ҷ棬Ҷͬ־һġ
ԣ¶ȣҶͬ־˼Ҳ֪һΪ½ȻǴġ
ҪĩΪҪ촦ˡҶ浭̧һۣԴǸı鲢û˵ʲô
֮͵ųĽӣҶζǳһ㣬٣Ҳû٣ƤҲС
½ȻҪԣҶֲþܾǲȤġ
˵Ҷ飬ҪнɽɽмȥϵһëǮ
Ҫʳ½ȻֺݣҶȻֵòٶˡ
ˣҶͬ־Ӣк˵ǰʳˣҲǹģҶͬ־ʹдĲҪϰɡЦĶҶ濪ڡ
Ҷͬ־Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬Էɣ㿴ʲô㡣
Ҷҡͷˣ鶼Ѿȥˡ
ԺϢĿ죬˵صԣҶ֪Ӣʳôɨˡ
ºỹǵһҶ濪˵򵥵Ļȴɤö᲻ɵۿŶҶ档
ԽԽҲԽԽҶ̫ƯˣҲû˵ڳԶһһ׵ע⣬ΧʱʱͶ߾֪ˡ
Ҷͬ־ǴﲻϲȴЦĲãҿҶͬ־ͦϲģ뻹ûжأ˰ɡ
˵ţҲҶܾͰԼǰɿĶҶǰȥҲ֪ǴͻôֻľҶȥ
Сģ½Ȼֿ죬æȥҶ۵׷ɿһ⣬ܿ
ֱϵһǱɽ֭ˡ
ϧˣ۵׻գоҶߣæεı顣
ˣҲáόѣۿˣҪ޳ˣҶͬ־˼̫̫ˣҲЩ̫̣һûץס
һԵӢȫ̶ڳŶϷ᲻ԼĺýãôͰԼ棬࿪ˡ
ʳҶڳζ˰ɡ뵽Լɨʳã۲˵˴ԺЦӢҶǼǺˡ
ǿϧֻŪ˴£ôֱҶȥϹNɪ


50 ͷ

ҶûлػվԼֱһس˳üͷ壬иͣһᣬ̵ġ
Ҷû˵ҲͲᣬæת½Ȼ½Ȼôû̵۲ۣ
½Ȼüͷһãⲻ󡣡ҿǸճҲסˣҪȻҶϣһŮͬ־֪̳ʲô
˲ϿԼ֣½ȻеĿҶ棬ʣ棬ôû°ɣ
½ȻôҶ棬ɫһ˲ѿܿѹˡ
һáҶҡͷɿսģҪǿ½Ȼϣһϵõȥ
һΣҶ˵͵½ȻΪŪڵˡ
½ȻŤͷõѵ⣺ᣬѾСˣܲܲҪôëëŵģ
ҡҲǹİ
֪ˣ½ȻֶˣҪñˮϴ²Сῴ½Ȼ֣ʱۣȴֹãңıˡ
ҶҲ½Ȼˣ½Ȼֿ죬ôҪؿˣһڵëشǵסģһܿ͸ë£̵Ƥ
һңѴ£ô죿
ű̵ˮʪëϣƤһˡ
һٶףˮȥ
Ҷ˵ţҪ½Ȼ뿪뵽ʲôᣬڣͬ־ղ˵ҪҳԷ⻰ɣ
Ȼ˵㻰һٷС˼߰Դ
Ӣһţһ֣ѵᣬһٿɲ١
ҶҲ⻰ͷ͵԰ͬ־ϵǮһٿɲٻءҪȻҺ½Ȼġ
ɨһϵĶܿ۸ĵ˵Ӣ㲻õģֲǲأҫͷԣǮڴŴϵˣһٷǮѣǮһǻġ
֮⣬ֲ㣬Ľ٣ǮڴˣԶٷǮûС
½Ȼһţüᣡ⻰˵˭أôһμҶ棬ò
ᱻ½Ȼ⣬ŷӦԼ˵ʲôæû˵ʲô½Ȼʲôȥ֡ңˡ
ҶԵͷǾ鷳ͬ־ˡ
½ȻҪ˵ʲôҶ治˵ĻᣬҪȥҶתʱΪ˱ܿˣҶһ󲽺ˣ˳ʣɵĳվһӢ˵ȥ
ΪסԼҶ治òֱסһԵӢ״æַסᣬҶײˡ
ҶǷɿĻһĨЦֱʱִӢ
оռƱǮҶϲ䣬վȺװһãҲˤˡ
Ҷݺݵ֧ŵɫãôˤأðϵײϣһźá
Ҷ泶Զһ½ȻҶˤʱҪԶ˵ȥ·ֻÿҶǵȥѵĻ㺰Ҷ治ӢҲŵס
ŪþͻǡҶ涪仰æ½Ȼͳȥˡ
٣λͬ־ǻûء̨ķԱۼ⣬Ҷ½Ȼһ
Ҷͷķȥڣڻأż򵥡
θߣ⻰ò˶ˣɿ
Ǯ
Ůͬ־ĺãá
Ůͬ־ѽҲ֪ûС
Ůͬ־˵ĻӦͦǮģûɣ
ĿĽϲ½ȻЦЦֿԱҪ죬ٷͣһ򵥡
ô˵ˣԱȻ˵ʲôͷУǾͼͷϡ
иղˤƵ롣
ԼˤƵģȻ᲻ϣͷһϡ
Ҷ״æ½Ȼ뿪
ԶӢƲ죬ͻȻ˵ϧˣ
ῴһۣȻû˵ͬҲû뵽½Ȼġ
飬Ҷ泶½Ȼȥ·ϲûɿ֣½ȻԼǴŴµ֣ɵ©һġ
ˮĳˢ½Ȼ̺֣½ȻˮˢֵʱŻع
о½ȻҶΪۣʵ½ȻǲǺ۰
лл㣬㣬ҹơ
ĻȻû˵꣬½ȻҲˡ
½ȻЩɵ촽ڵ˵úҵǸëëŵģһúýѵģֱǲˣ


51 Ǯ

Ҳȥץܣƺ½ȻӢģƾʲô߰
½Ȼͺͬ־
ҲҪնľܾ
ԼȻ½ȻҶ棿ܣ
ˣᣬ㲻ҪҺˡ
ṣŲӣָҶ˵ûк֣Ӣȥҡ
½ȻҲľܾУ
ҶӢͲԸ½Ȼ붼֪һᳳ
˭ҪҲ֪Ҷ治ģǱ۸ķݡ
Ҷˣ龰ʲô˵ߣ½ȻҪʱ򣬿ˡ
½Ȼùһ·۵ˣͱڳˣȻȥɣԼȥ
˭Ҫˣ᲻İҶһۣ׹˼½Ȼû˵
ɫķƶ˴ʱ˶ӵеһгҪгƱٻûСٿǮ˶ģƫƫҶر𲻸ð
Ŀռʽĳɲ٣гҲȶ˴ܺöˡƨɵгܣ߻ȥ·Ͽ㶫˳·ȥҽԺ
ΪҶ涼ô˵ˣ½Ȼ㲻Ҳܾ֪½ȻȻԸ⡣
һ£ѡлشԺ
½ȻгӢȥҶ·ģ᲻Ը⣬ֻһ鲽ˡ
Ҷ½ȻϽߣ뵽ǷƱǮڻڴԺס½Ȼķӣ
·磬ӢһһǮıǺ«š
ţ㡣һݸ½Ȼ
½ȻûоܾӹȴݸҶ档
㣡ᣬԼǸģȴתָҶ棬ʲô˼
½Ȼûôˣһܴˣ
Ҷҡͷû˵½ȻͲɷ˵棬԰ɣҲϲ᲻Ķ
ıǺ«Ҷǳ˳飬һҲԱǺ«رǺ«ġ
ۿˣҲû˵ʲôȻȥѱǺ«
Ӣ⿴ŲɵĿһ㣬ﲻסĿϧҪڴ·ϣҪ½ȻڣҲ֪᲻˺Ҷ档
ǵĻǾͺÿˡ
룬Ӣסᰲο˼䣬½ȻҶ߳Զŵᣬˣҿ½ӳͦ˵ġ
ˣһء˵ǱǺ«ҵǮȻǮƾʲôҪҹĶ
ӢôòȰ˼䣬һۣǰͷԶ˼ףһҲûлͷ˼ŵˣ͵֧Ǻ«ι˹ˣ
һǿͷƲƲ˵ĶԣǮǺ«ιҲǿԵġι֣ҧ
Ͷˣ㲻Ҫ½ӳӲûҶװҪ˺ﲻһߣҲõİ취ҪȻ½ӳĹϵֻҶԽԽ
ɫãʶĿһǰͷߵˣȻȰĵͷ˵Ҷ֪һעġ
ҶıӰߵװǲǣҵҪжװҪװʲôʱ
ֹ䣬Ϳ첽ȥ
ҶûжǺ«һڣôţϵĳԵĲˣͰȥҲԱǺ«½Ȼ˰ɡ
Ǻ«ģζܺãһֻе㲻Ҷֻһûʿˮ׼ҽڴҶҪأ֪ͻȻһУȥҧԼͷ
½Ȼ״Ҳû˵ʲôãҶӦģõĽʲôʧ飬Ҳ˵ʲôòĻ
ҶһۣһҲ˵ֱĳǺ«½Ȼһǵ˹ģѾ˵ˡ
Ӣһ߿ţǳ˳飬ղŲ˵Ǻ«ιأԼˣ㲻ιˣ
ҪҪһ£Ӣԥһ£ܿ;ԼʲôҲ֪ˡ
Ϊ·ȥģСҲƫ·Ȼ·ҽԺˣ·ҽԺڣҶҲȥҽԺҹܡ
˵ڶǺ«ʱ򣬲Լ֮ǰ˵ĻʱճŭƳӢһۣʲô˼Ҳҡ
ӢоߣЦȥᣬôˣ
Цݲ飬ĿԼƺҲ벻һ᲻ɾԼ̫ˣӢԼϵãȥʡ֪ͨԼ֪Ҷء


52 Ϸ

ûУӢһ⣺ǾǮˡ
ǮˣִЦٸף˷Ǯһֶ٣ҪȻȥȥͦŮͬ־֪Ȼôװǻƣôƣ˶Ϳɣ
ģģ֪Ȼǻ԰ʳġ
˵ʲôأ˭԰ʳˣ˭ˡŭˣʲô̬Ȱ㣡
ִỹ󣺡Ҿ̬ȣզˣԹΰͱǳԹķ࣬ұȺ᣿
˭˭
Ҳȥִ˭һ˶ȥˣˣҲ٣Ҫôױѹȥôȵ̨ǮĹ
һװβǣˡ
ִ뵽ǲ
װˣҲˣᣬǮء
ǮҪȻȥ֡

ſһǣҶ濴ֵһĻҪ̫졣
ղŻׯأͳĺͷԱˣ˵һٷС˼Ҫ㵹ѽ
ҶˣǮĿռء
ӰͳһǺҶЩϧ룬ʱѵĿϷߺǹӻˮɣиɳǾˡ
߼۷Է˶̫ȱǮˣҲǮˣ˵Ǯڵﱻ͵ģִ㿴ҽڡ
һ߳Էһ߿ֵһϸɣ⻰ʲô˼̭˭أԼûǮ԰ͣϣ˭С͵ˣ˲ǡ
ִֻᡢӢ˵С͵͵Ǯ󣬵ʳ;һһӢ
ô£˷ôǮء
ǣʲôǮǾ԰ʳ
ûŮͬ־
Ƥôͬ־ء
ǣ԰͡
᣺Ǹұ죬죡
Ӣͣĺǵģǵġ
Ȼ˰æִҲôţùǣǺϷ׼Ӣȥ֣Ӷˣ˻һ
ƾʲôץǣſҡŤͷȴҶվſڣϵĿϷı飬ָ
ԵģҪץңҪǮȥ
ĻĿͶ䵽ſڣһ޹ãҶ档
ҶȷǺᡢӢһ߼۷ķԱ֪ԷûüߵҲ֪
һ𣺡ƾɶŮͬ־ҪǮղ˵ͣǶˡ
ǰ
ʲôϵǸұ졣ȻղųԷˣƾʲôǮô࣬ûǮҪץҲץƾʲôץԼҶ治ûиǮ
ӢҲżĺҪǮǮҪûǮץȥ֡
ִߵҲŮͬ־ҾǡҪôǮҪôȥ֡
˵ţִҶŵһοŮͬ־ģǶ֪ûϵġ
Ůͬ־ƯͷԶż԰ʳĹɲһʲôĽ٣ʲôˣ˵͵ʱֹЩġ
ôˣũôˣ˵
ִҲũģˣŽ仧˵ֹͬҶֵܽãǺҲû˵ôð
ԵĶũֳֵܽģûũֵڵٵأö˶ӡôãڳƷǿ׳Ϳũ˰
ִ㱾ӢԷҲ˵ʲôᣬͲǮҺᡣðǾ˾һ㣬Ȼʲôˡ
ſŮͬ־սŵʱԼСײһ£Ŀοʻ˻˵ллһҲ߰ȻĺŮĹĵҲá
Ҷԣµĵͷִ¶һо
ôƯŮͬ־мִĺܣӢ˵Ŀˡ
ǲҪҧˣҪϻˣȥ֣
Ա˿ֲ¶ĳĴԣȥ
½ȻԾ˵Ĳ࣬ҪȥҶ棬߽ҺĳּҶվſڣ֡
ô£Ǳߺˡ½Ȼơ
Ծɻ󣬵½ӣǿȥ
˵ʱӢţҪ׼ȥء
棬ôˣ½ȻҶ棬Ⱥ룬ſüͷ


53 

Ҷע½ȻԾˣ˹ϵıѵá
ԾһʵҶͬ־ôˣ
ҶҡͷѹסǵЦ⣬¶ãı飬Щ޴ίҲ֪˵ҳԷǮץңȻǾ͹ˡ
½Ȼͷ͸ߣһֱҶ棬һ֣ͱˡ
½Ȼῴ½Ȼæ
ӢڵͷԷûǮ˶Ť͹֣ҪǴԺﻹȥ
ẰӢæ̧ͷһǰĵ½Ȼǹ˵ǷǡŲҪȥ̫ѿˡ
ôˣԷǮ쾭壬ûǮ˭ҲûáӢĳ˿½ȻԾϵƷǵʮĺš
ǿռأ컯֮£ʲôµġ
½Ȼһͷˣܲܣǰ˽⡣
һ˽½Ȼǳ˳飬ͳǮ˽ˣŰӢϵӽˡ
⹫ͬ־ϣͷŹǣҪǻ´Σȥˡһ֮ǰţߵʱ򻹲Żһ
ۡһֱţֱ⿪ӣŭѣҲ˲ʲôˣ
ӢҲһԳĵᣬ̫ˡ
ˣˣ˭ôСġ½Ȼ˵ʲô
Ծ˿֣ɵɢɢ˰ɣɢ˰ɣûʲôÿģɢˡ
ô֪ͳҪȴվ½Ȼ󼸲ҶһһǷԼװǮƱСǮ
ῴҶƺæֲ嵽¿ڴ
һȣŭС͵
½Ȼָź棬Ϊ͵ˣæתԾҲһᣬתѰС͵ȴĳҶȥҶС͵͵ҵǮó
ᣡ½Ȼ⻰ɳ
˵ʲôأ
Ծɵˣ½˵ʲôأҶͬ־ôС͵
᲻ĺûк˵ҿҵǮˡ
Ǯģ𴦶ûУҲϴ
ҶһƬã˿Ъ˹ᣬ½Ȼһۣץˡ
ſ档½Ȼ
ԾһȰͬ־лú˵ȷſҶͬ־
ҲôԸ⣬С͵͵Ǯ
ʱڽϣ˿ɲ٣˵Ǹ߼۷꣬Է˿ɲ٣һѾò˶ˡ
ֵ˲٣ǿŹƷͬ־ڣŮͬ־ҲҲû˸ǰԶ
½Ȼǵ˹ģỹݺץҶţҶ治ıĴ˸
ԾһԿţҪֲֵ㣬һ½ӵıãһҶͬ־ֻòסȰͬ־ſҶͬ־
½Ȼ׺ᣬſҶͬ־
ܣ뵽ԼղŲ㱻ȥ֣С͵Ҫȥ֡
Ծһɫѿ½ȻɨһۣӶı飬˵ȥˣҺ½Ӿǹ½ӵıãֵȥ²̨ĳᣬ½ӡ
ҪҶǲǣһԾ˵ŭգǾȻƫ̻һ͵ǮС͵
ִվڸ߼۷ſڣ⻰̨ôˣ˭С͵
Ա˸ͳǰ
ղŻ˵͵Ǯأֿʼ˵Ůͬ־ˣŮͬ־ˡ
Ůͬ־Ҳ̫ݱˡ
ģôء
ᱻЩĿۣûպЩ˼ƽϣֻҪǮҶѳЩ˾֪ԼҶһŻװ޹ƭˡ
뵽ץҶҲ˼֡
Ҷƺץˣü𣺡ͬ־ʲôܷܲſ˵ץҺۡ
ᣬ˵ſ½Ȼ˵ֲ֡
ۣ½Ȼ㾹Ȼһ۸ҡһֻԼı½Ȼ󿪵֣ĺһȥġ
Ծһ⻰ǳ˳飬Ǻ½ӹϵã֪һݣ½ҲҪ󣬶½ӵСѹ½ӣ½Ҳ̫ˡ
ı㣡½Ȼ⻰æҶ֣ӡһȦۣƫͷһۡ
ᣬ̫ˣֹûУҪǿС̵ķϣ֡


54 ĵ

㲻Ҷ϶˵ϣҲôһŮͬ־
᲻ŵĿ½ȻָԼ˵֣½Ȼ۾Ϲˣıˣ𣿡
Ҷ濴һܻᣬ̧ͷ½Ȼ˵û¡ֻЩʪ̵Ҳ½ȻƸš
½ȻʱЩһɿҶ֣ͳǮˣڲ㣬ʡǰɣˡ
ž
ҶǮˣ½ȻȻۿˣ͵ĵǮ
ҲȥŭЦ½Ȼ˵Һǰɣԩǰɣ
ڵģ
ĵǮתԾű߲ԶԾͷһۣݻ½Ȼ
½Ȼӹ󣬵ͷʾԾԶȺɢɨһۣᣬȥѿ㡣
½Ȼħһ㻤ҶΪҪˣҶ棬Ҷ棬Ҳ֪½ȻǹʲôԻ֪͵ҵǮϽҵǮңҪȻһȥ֣Ŀ㡣
ỹвҶ棬½Ȼɫޱȣˣᣬұ죡㻹Ҫֵʲôز
ôܺˣ˭ãҶ棬
Ҷûв½Ȼۿ½ȻûУҶ֪ô£Ҹû͵Ǯ
½Ȼͷıȥº͵֪㡣
Ծɢֵˣִϸ˽⻰Ҳͷ˵Ҷͬ־Ҳ㣡
ִҲſڣλŮͬ־Ҳ㡣
Ҷԣмĵͷллǡ
½ȻǡǺǡῴһĻЦˡ
ȥ½ȻԼʧȥǣŭҶ棬Ҷ棬㲻װˣҵǮ͵ģֹҵǮӢǮ϶Ҳ͵ġ
ǽʱǮأڼֻ㰤ǣǸղҹˣǮǲˣǵǮ϶͵ߵġ㣬ûбˡ
һ뵽Ҷô㱻Ť͵ȥ˺ҶĶˡ
½ȻվҶţͶˡ
ʲô½ȻǰţʲôҪע벻ˡ
ҶɫѿɨһȦΧЩֵĿ⣬ҧҧ´Ҳ֪˵ʲôʲôʱ͵ǵǮˡ
½ȻҶ˵ղţղæǮţǣ㡭
˵ҶϻһĨ֮ɫһ£ּ˵ʲô֪ģҡûʲôǮѽ
ȥģһֱץңҶûзӦʲôȻǾ͹ˡƺѹҶ˵Żʱ򣬴ͷѹѿ
½ȻȻ֪ҶǮж٣е׵ġ
֪ûǮ½ȻղźԾʱҶȷǱס޴ͻҡ
ҲţţָҶ溰ҵǮϣ±˷֣ȻǮˡ
Ӣһ±أΪᶪͷˣҪҶһ棬ƺҲӦˣæ첽վߣ͵ᡣ
֮ǰҶ½ӳȥϴǰߵ˵ģǸʱûǵǮ͵ߵġѹҶǻϿأ뵽Ӣŭĵ
Ҷ棬͵ǵǮ㻹ϣһȥ֣㻹ôƱ硣
ǣ޳ܣѪˡҶ汻һͨ˵նˣһ紵ֱͦݵиԴ
ҶϷףʵΪѹãûеǣΪʲôҪҹȥȻң
ǺǣѪˣЦһߵ㣿˵棬ɡ
Ծ⻰¶㵣ĵ˵Ļ

½ӻء
½Ȼŭ𣬵ŭˣҪؼҷ衣ȥ̷ҲҪˡ
½ȻûϵȻ㲻ң͵һȥһҵҵǮ֤㿴ġ
ҲãȻԾ½Ȼƫ̻Ҷ治ȥ֣ǾڴֺˣһѳǾûҶȥˡ
Ҷ棬ҵģҪ͵ҵǮ
˵žҪǰҶæ㵽½Ȼ־°ڣί½ȻûС
֪Ҳġ½Ȼͷο
Сɰǣϲĸ汾


55 Ҵ

½Ȼæְ£ȵᣬôĿ

һǰ˵ʸ
ᱻסһ£Ҷ½ȻתƵһߵʱĨЦıʱŭٴαͣ½Ȼ
Ҷǹģ½Ȼ󣬳ûܿϵıʱĶἥЦһ£һ£Ҳȷһˡ
Ȼŭˡ
½ȻʱԾסˣᾹȻҶ½ӴСУΪ½Ǻǵ𣿻˵½С̵Ĺϵ
ƺ뵽ʲôԾɴ˸ɫĪ½Ȼʿˮˣϴο½ʱʲôʱˣ
ÿһ½꣬Ҳ֪˭ᵹùĳ½ӵŭˡ
ԾĵĿһҶ棬Ҷͬ־ܣô䵽ϣﰵĲ£ѵ½ӶСһ򹧾ܻῴڳķϴӿ
ôԾѾʼΪ½Ȼˡ
ԾǱõı鱻Ҷﰵ˼ԾµĿ϶Ӣô½Ȼ
Ҷһֱ½Ȼô򵥣ҲС½Ȼǰ¶ʲôšԾ͸¶ı飬֤Ļɡ
Ҷ棬㻹װҽһҪ˺ߡ
ҿһỹʲôװ޹ŭǰȴ½ȻסҶﵽ·ߣżĶӢӢ㻹ŸʲôȥϹǵǮĴ¿ڴ
ȥ
ãӢӦæƹҶȥ
½Ȼ͵סһûѿŤͷӢŭվסң
һӢһ½ȻסһҲͲԥĳҶȥˡ
һµĹʲʮ壬ˣ¿ô졣
ֻҪҶѳ½ȻҪƫ̻Ҳû취
ôһ룬ӢȻͣˡ
ԾһﰵҪ⣬æҪǰ
еԶټӢĺܿ죬һͬ־δĹﲻʣһԥӢƽҶ档
Ůͬ־Сİ˼״æҶ档
ִǳά
棬·½ȻһҶ汻ӢƵĲסˣҪ·ˤȥɺŴѿ֣ҪҶȥ
ǣͣһӰ˦һߣûվסһˤڵأʱһĴ˳һŷɫС׹Ǯ
ʲô
ô᣿
ῴŴԼϵǮ۾ɴϵıͼࡣ
½Ȼ⿴ɻͷȥϵĶɫʱѿҧһһ٣ᣬȻġ
Ծ첽ǰǰǮһڿ˵ǮƱ档
½ӣǮƱԾ˵ţѴ򿪵Ǯ½Ȼǰһͣĺ롣
ĲԶ½ȻȻŵϵᣬһһ٣Ҷ֪ѧһߵֶΡ
Ҫ֪ҶΪˣ֪Ҷҵļҽ̣ҪıˡȻСʱһᣬ֪ڸģ
һĻӢҲˣЩɵסˣ嵽Ҷǰˣûü֣Ӳͣ£±ƣ᲻˵ǮҶ͵
ǣңǵġع𣬴ԾǮһȷԼǮǮƱһֲ٣ҪǣǮǴϵµġ
Ҫʲôֲ֪Ҫô˵Ͱ͵Ҫ⣺ңҡǵģҸղžǿҵǮ
ִ˿һĻ̲סˡ
ǻüˣҵһμô޳ܱɵŮͬ־б۾ġ
ִ㣺˵ǮˣǮϲ𡣡ղڵﻹװģģȻǸϷҪԼ۾һףҪƭˡ
Ѳɣ˵Ůͬ־ݺ𣿡Ц
Ҷĵɨǳķһۣĵ˵Ķˣϵģ֪ûܿѡ
½ȻᣬҴӲ֪ô񶾡ݣڣҶʲô³ְ·
ԣһʹҡͷ⣺ûУ
žش½ȻŭһǶ⡣
С̼Ȼûн̺㣬̡
½Ȼ㾹Ȼңɴ۾ŵĿ½Ȼôܴôԡ


56 ѧ

½Ȼһ˦ֺݣԶ˶С
Ѹٵĺ
½ȻֻͦݵģҶͷеá
ỹ½ȻĿ˺⡣
ʱҶƹ㶵Ӣ½ȻӢԶվס½Ȼһֿۣᣬί߷ߵı飬ۿĺ޹Լܿб˵ˮ
ᣬҺ֮ǰزʶҲûе㣬ٲϲңҲҪɵֶΰ
һŮͬ־㾹ȻңҪڴϰ·½Ȼס㣬ץסҵʱǲǾҪûǮϣȻٷ
⻰һΧһĳϸϸ˼ⲻûпܵġ
úݣԾʶ룬ʱҶͬ־ƾҪС͵Ť͹֣ȻʣŹɣ
Ծ뵽ģ½Ȼô벻
ΪһƸˣᵹǾԼղŴ̫ˡ
Ҷ۾˼ӣ½ȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪһֱңҴС󣬴δܹ衣
⻰½Ȼģһ£ƺЩ˵ۡ
˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲôá
ԾһţҲȻҶǰĵ֪һЩҶͬ־ƽ۸֪Ҷ϶֪ˣʲôо
ҶĳĿͶеԹڷۿޱȣɱˣݺݵĿѾҶ˺Ƭˡ
͵ԼǮˣȻ֪ǮôԼϵţ鶼Ҷġ
ôˣҲ½ȻǴûпҶĿƭת
Ҷ棬ҵƣ㺦ҳôĳ󣬻½Ȼִңһ׷Źģ
ۿҶ棬ﶼˡ
ҵң
Ȼǲѧԡ
Ҷ洹лһĨ⣬̧ʱֻзŭָ𣺡ᣬѾһ죬ƽҪ˭˭𣿡
⻰ˣû˾Ҷ˵ĿţղҶ棬Ҫʱ򣬵ȷһһģ
һԵĲˣҶһһٵʵ½Ȼƽ˵ƽǣĻ
⻰ʵļĺݣͽˣ˼˵ռΪҪʵ⻰򲻸˵ģ˵˾Ҫġ
Ծ⻰ʶĿһΧΧ۵˶Զ΢һҶͬ־ǴĺӦò
˵ˣҶͬ־ôݶԴԹйҲӦõġĲǣֳģѵҲǺõġ
½Ȼ֪ҶлԹޣȻ˵ˡ
Ȼġ½Ȼ֣صģ飬һᴦãһġ
ҶƺʲôϣԸɣ
ᣬǸ
ʲô½Ȼ
½ȻٴǸᣬҶͬ־Ǹ
Ҳ᲻ʵƾʲôңǸ
½ȻԸǰɣ
Ծ½ȻȻĿڣݡˣͼвˣܲӹҪ
Ļû˵֣꣬Ҷ棬ĵĺ޺޵ĿڣԲ𡣡
ܱ͵ֻǹϸһġ
½Ȼһ㡣
ϵʹģЩȲ½Ȼ̬ȸѿͷŭ
Բ𣡡
½ȻѹסҪٴζֵŭ𣺡˭Ǹأ
һ̲סҶ棬һһҶ棬Բ𣡡
ԲҶ档Բ𣡡˵꣬½Ȼ˰ɣ
װҶԸ½Ȼ¶ԼǸûп˵ãȻĿš
˭֪ǸĲ鲻ԸģţˮҲûá
ҶɨһۣôǿĵǸҲܵġ
ԾӣҶͬ־ǿưҲܵġ
Ǻܶ˵˶ԲܱԭµģԲãùʲô
Ҷ˵գһ£ɫ½Ȼʶãܲ˽ҵƢԡ֪ҪܵίǣҶҪõ۸衣
Ӧ֪Ե޹ʵңʲô
˵⻰ʱҶصذѡҶҧһЩ˵½ȻˣԾҲ˼
֮⣬ίһûʲôǣҶҽҶҸô࣬Ӧܵ衣


57 ·

ԾæڣҶͬ־ģ½һᴦõġ
лл㣬ԹҶ濴Ծе˼֣ºһЩ
Ծץץͷף˼İ֣òãҶͬ־ˡ
½ȻĿҶһۣû˵֪ҶǨŭΪŻᱻǺݵġ
Ҷ治ûио½Ȼߣֻ֪Ƴһۣܴпҡºͺɡ
ǰ߹ҶһҲʲô½ȻһƣԼղһẦˡ
ʲô˼
˵ʲôΪʲôԼ
ҲѣϵʹȲĿֻţΪʲôԾҶô
ΪʲôҶղź˵˵ʱ½Ȼûкǳ
ô£Ҷ浽˭
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벻ͨæ½ȻֻҶıӰɫЩѿҶЩȻûзû
ôأ⵽ô£
ѵ
᲻֪뵽ʲôţ뵽ʲôסеľ⣬ߵҶ棬ƣ
Ҷǰߣ½Ȼæȥ
ҶͷҲأԼһߡ
ֱۡ
£
½Ȼһæ̫ԶشԺ
Ҷûлػ֪ûǲӦ
ԾŹ·תӲҶ棬ͷһɫõ½Ȼε̾Ϣֵʲôѽ
½ȻᶯֶסһСڸװС͸Ӣо·âߣæ̧ͷȥ½ȻĿԼæ֡
ңңûжҶͬ־Ĳ֪ô°
ӢſǻǮҵˣҵǮûҵءĶǮˡʮأȻǮһͶʮ飬Ҳ۰
½ȻһЦҪҪȥҶͬ־
Ծ⻰ɵͷЦ½Ҳ̫һЩӢŵģ˵ĽͰ͵ˡ
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ᶼ½ȻˣӢɲԼᱻ飬ֻ£ô죬ô졭
ӢŤͷҪ˰Լ˵ǴʱûʲôܰæˣҶղ뿪ķѿڶ½ӳһҶͬ־ǸģһϵҶͬ־Ǹġ
½ӳ˲С˹ҪҼƽϡ
ġӢʣǮ㱻Ť͹֣Ҳ˺òãҶ滹ûôأ½Ȼôĵİ
ֵѾɢĲˣԾһҲûʲôҪµģǾͺ½Ȼк뿪ˡ
½Ȼһͷᣬֿһ۳ӢͷŭôѹȥüӺſڡ
Ǵôû˵ˡûʲô˵ģôôɡ
˵꣬½ȻгˣֻӢվԭء
ʱϡϡ¿ֵҲɢˣһˣҶղ뿪ĵطһۣɨһӢҲߵһۣһ뿪
ᣬôѽӢˣæյʵ
ߵţϵıһƬӢµѯʣʲôô죬㲻˵ҪȥǸ𣬻ȥ
ңҡӢҭסܻᣬĵղ£Ҳ˵ǸղŲҲҶǸ
ô룬ӢҲ˵
ʱƹתһͬϣź쵫òûĽֵҶһ±ơ
ߵˣ
ƹӣ˺ͬתϴ֣һ·ӦþҽԺ
ǴߣҶţǰһΡ
Сʱ
վ·ϣҶ߿룬ұ߿ۣϵȻ˭֪š
ģƵطò˵ڿɺãҽԺû·ҲûĵطԽԽԶˣ
Ҷ˼һҪȥʱԱߵĺͬڴ˵
㣬ô򵽴𣿡
һ΢
ûУĺҶתȦˣ˵ˣͨ۶ûС⻰ƫһЩǲزסĽСãأϱô
Ҳûҵף棬ۣͨԼĥۡ


58 Ϊʲô

ĥۣԴһ£ܿǵԵǴ׷ѽ˺üˣôͣҽ˵ˡ
߱ʣҶ治ɫļš
㣬֪ްһޣҲſˡһæżο
ޣޣҲޣҪȻһȥɾͲˡ
ǰ㣬п˵ãϸءϵʹˣǰЩڼɻʱˤһӡ
һҪһЩ˲ҩҲͺˣƫƫϵͲСˣǰЩ۵ǽ粻ǰˡ
ݺˤһӣ¼˵ľһֱû˵Ҫ۵ˣܵǽû֪ء
ҽ˽ºǽ˵ˣá
ϵΪǽܼһӣ˻һ֪࣬ϲԴ׷ôҲҪТ
ֻǶˣ˵ˣ׶ûһСϱߵѵĹϵ˵ǰæأһʱҲûϢ
Ҳ֪⼸ϹӦϸָ궼˰ˣվûϸˣҲ׼ףС󶼵ÿ
ϷŵɳԵҲǶĹӦһʱŪףҲеġ
ôҲϵŪԵĴףϰٵתãϣǲף˵ϵ˴ףãⲡͺأ
ֻ컹ûҵ
ƺ˵ĲˣСȥӺͬ߳ͻȻںͬڲԶվŸˣһһǸСģƯƺҲ˴ӺͬŵˣˮĴ۾ء
ԴĴƺҶŵĲ壬˺ؿڣһ
һŮͬ־ҲһܿͷӦҶۺæԼ뿪ˡ
ҶԼֹǸСǷʴӵġ
ʴӣҶЩɻ󣬺һ룬ǷʱӰɣ
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֣Ϊʲô·յûˣѵû̫ĸ¥ã벻ͨҶҲȥΪԼ»·һߣһֱߵĿֵıռ仹ļ׵ͼá
ͻȻҶƳһۣǸͬСӰЩ֡
תҶ濴ʮԶˣΪʲôҪң
ƺû뵽ҶԼ˵Скһ£Ŀü룬ӵĿڣңң̣ǲ·ˣ
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Ск߽˼ף˵ǣͬѾˣڵӣҲˡ
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ˣղ΢־Ĳе֣תȦ֪ͱһСƨˡ
Ск߰ͣޱȣϵ·һô˵·СģϲѹŲһŸɾСһ˫۾ġ
˵Ск࣬Ҷ浹ǲþȣĩʱεˣСУöˣҲϰΪˡ
ĩܻѾˣʲôװ֣Ӫͱˡ
ȻҶףСк£ֿһЩҶԶľͣ£̧ͷ̣ˣ͹ˡ
ҶĿ˲ǰСкûӦ
ȻתƣҲȷеĶֻû뵽ûߵأͱ˿ĿˣһСк
ҶղѣʧˣľԾȻ½ôԺҪעˡ
񿴳ҶɻһСкͣղ˵ʱҾںͬսء
֮⣬һߣתƣһȥС
ô֪еģ
СкҸȥɽżõȥ
Ҷ˵ʲôСкֵ˵̣ߵĺкϱ߻վĺвһߵĺϾŵʮ㿪ʼģҲͽˡ


59 

Ҷ滷ۣϾĿʵΪʲôҪ˵Щ
֪Скҡͷһ£ͷ룬˵ΪǺˡ
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Скҡͷ󣬹ִ˵֪ǣҾ֪Ǻˡ
ˡҶûʲộн㡣Ŷʮһ꣬ƽױˣŤ
㡣Ȼ֪ҶΪʲôˣСкǴĸĿˡ
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Ҷüֳ˵Ĳǡ
СкƫͷŬĻ䣬˵Ĵ˵԰ֲ˼أһЩ˵ˣҵġ
ˣҲҶһǰ֪ôˣȻûѯ½ȻͬôģһСƨ顣
Ҫ֪ɱ˵˾վǰ᲻ŻҶﰵ⡣
֪ˡҶӦһ䣬תߡ
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С־ǮСкҶ˵ʲôоôһᣬСкĲڵʱˣŰɡ
ӢǮȻϲ£͵Լ׻ˡ
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صԺʱѾȫˡ
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ҶüģӢ֣ˣ㲻úҵǸˣûҪǮҶˡ
ҶôĴϣӢɫЩãҲжٲˬҲñţҶ½ȻԷȥӢæŤϽᡣ
·ֻˣҶ״ûв½Ȼı飬ڡ
½Ȼ鲻Ǵȥס
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Ҳǲˣ½Ȼ⻰⡣
ϵı飬ҶûĿ첽ԽĵΪʲôҪúǰûлᣬĩܺǾϵͱϵܣջܷ㰡
ΪҶΪԼĻճŭ½ȻʱЩ˼æȵ˵ҲûϵҲʲô˵顣
úǻղ
ᡣҶ棺Ҳղˡ
ҶĻ½ȻŷӦԼĻʳˡ
½ȻЩæ˵֣֡Сͱչź򳤴󣬾ҶҪ֣źҲõģ


60 һѾ

ҶƲƲ죬Ȼ֪½ȻΪʲôҪЩ濪ڣ³Ļ
һ£ּ˵Щ˷ѡ
½Ȼ¶ı飬ʲô˼
Ҷ죬ȴ֪Ҫô˵ֻõ˷ѣ㲻ϣ֪ġ
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ǿ˺òŪʳأҲѰôǼܱɺڰء
صسʱҪѧǽʾһѡ
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Ҷ½Ȼߺղ·˵飬û˵ء
ַСͳܲ˿ӳҶ濴һۣ͸ˡ
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뵽ܲŻ£ԼҲԺģҶ治ɵЦˡ
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ʵûĴ˸ǷӣҲûѽ˭߶ˣ

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½ӣҶͬ־ôԾԥһ£ˡ
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İľȵĻ£Ҷͬ־ûһʧõļϺõĽһһֳ½ӵıãһѾ
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뵽Ҷ棬½Ȼɵ̾һ
ԾԲ֣ҪҶͬ־ǲҪء
Ȼô룬ǰο½ӣҲ̫࣬Ͼã㡣
֪½Ȼһ̣û뵽С̻߳
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ԾһţҲҡͷ
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ŵоͿʼ
ʿ֮ǰ˵©ʱҶҪôŪˣ֪еĴȻɾ͸ˡ


61 ͻ

Ҷϴˡ
ߵ㣬˾Ѿ˴ԺĴš
糿ðỤ̋Ҷ뿪ԺǶȥ
òܺúò·ϵҪٵĶࡣ
ƽÿֵޣҶһ·϶ţҹպһޡ
ٳʱѾװһ䣬ʱӱƯҡһ䣬һΧɫĸˡ
ȥ·ϣҶЩԼռﵱֶĶ࣬ʴɫ޿㻹һʱװϵġ
ǻھ̵깺˴Բʷ޾ºоʴ޿㣬һ£ϰ飬͸һòʮס
ϰĻ˵ǶŰ·־ÿϧȻҶ棬ʹˡ
벻ôһװҲˡ
ҶĳͲѥЬ߹֣ѥһѣ˲䰫˲٣ûϳ
˵ǺУʵǰһƬļУйվʳҲУȻˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱﵽĽףģµũֵܻԼĶõͳľƱȯϾûƱܶණˡ
ҲԼòϵģʡԼµĶõ˻оôĵĳˡ
½ȻŵʱҶѾںתһȦ˽ˡ
ʳҪվ嵽߱ĴܻһϸҲֻдżеۣǮҲǸߵףڴʲôģҶһȦûС
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ΧΧ¶ƿݻƵͷ½ȻվǰҲϲ
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ϵоˣ쿪ۣϵоˡ
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СŪȥ˺ϵˣϵȻˣһֱǲҪƷѣʲôУ˭֪ϵľһڴ׷ôñܷŹ
ãж٣
Ҷһ£ֹǲԼҪˣ۵ĻԼ˼˼ı˸ëǮˣԼռܶ࣬һҲû¡
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Ҫ֪Ҵ߻ﻻѧģῪ
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62 

㻹Ҷûô࣬ﰲοԼһ£ϸ׼ãˣپ١
һҲûϵԲˣϵʱԺһЩ
Ҷ˵У˵һöˣǵһ綼Ըġ
Ҷ滳ҲͰ࣬һҪʮĴͻɲҵطڶ
пռڣҶ治Ҫ̫ɣ˴ĲƷǴӣȻŲƷſڵʱ򣬶һֱſڵĴ֣첽
ڲ˼£¶ǰ׻Ĵףûһ٣óСƹ𲼴
ʮ߸ߵģҶء
ҲϻһߵлһǮЩڣϾʹôЩǮҪǶʮ飬ܶһ㣬´Ҳ֪ʲôʱˡ
һĿǮôˣҶǮıڻܿ뿪˺С
һôͳɽҶ΢һ£Ȼֶ˻ȥʼһ˿͡
Ҷףۣ
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֣һһǰ׹档
һ׹Ŀһ۸ҶԼ˼Ŷģ֪ҪƱǮףֻҪѯ۵˾ûвġ
ϸ׼ôõϸǲҪˡ
ȫҶռ˰װɢģõҵĲװԴġ
ͷҶʳҪεƽƽģ½һ㣬µҪӡԣ˭Ҷһ˳ơ
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ҲͶһ䣬⻰Ҳ֣Ҳǳģɣ˵ˣĻҲûȱһ㣬ʲô
ϲʳﲻҪģ˿ܻϵģںûԵĴõģҶп۵һʮŮͬ־ƿ龫
ǼҶƳһۣҲҶŮͬ־ĵİǽͰྵ˵龫һС޾ҪǮأȰٻ¥Ҫһû취ٻ¥¶ûһƿˣ˵ҲҪӪƱҲС
ҪҼ岻ãҲ᲻Ǯ
ӪƱҶװ͵˵䣬ȴֹÿһӪƱţƱģ
Ǻøͬ־ôõĶϱТ˳
ҶĻŮͬ־Щ˼ȴҲģ̲סҶ˵˼䣬Ҷô֪ӪƱô
龫̣ɺ߸ƶά̷۵ȣӪƷƵӪƷģӪƱ򣬿ʸӪƱ֮٣ⲻǻƱȯ
Ůͬ־ʮۿĵˣҶʮǮ
ſռһһǮҶܲΪһٽͲˣϾѷҲߡ
֪Сʱٶˡ
Ҷ΢һ룬Ҳˣ˿ȶʣԵĶʳÿ¹̶ʳҲô࣬ҪٶҲûУƱվʳѲߣʣµĹΪƱȯƣûطԻҲͶˡ
ϸĶǼģٷ˫ְģһĿڶϰùʣһѧҲÿжʮƱġ
ԣرѵģһϰһҺü˵ģҪϰģĶ
Ǯ˭Զٺõĸ˭ԸԸɤӵĴûйӦʱǮҲûеط
ⲻںϣȻˡ
Ҷ±⣬Ҳһ˶ʮٶҲûˣϾһˣһôһˣҲá
˶̫ǰ˲ãҪʲôױסҶ͵ѡطš
ûܲҶͱˣǽǽܣ˵ʲôѵ飬ȻҶҲһֱܽΧĶ
ҲҶڵĵطǺ΢ǰһЩĵضΣֻҪ˵˺ܿ˶ˣҲû˼תƣȻ֪Ҷǰͷ˶١


63 主

ĩԭе˲٣ĵ̯ʱҶ澹ȻȥǧҪ֪мҶ滹Լһ緹Ȼǽɹ˿һСʱ̫ء
뿪УҶתƣԼˣȷûʲô˸ţһޣʮӺѾõҶݵĴӹ߳ȥ
ϵױжϷʴ޿㻻ժٷѵͷףͬʽɫë¿ӣεĴϴζĺɫëش¡
û취ҪǰѴҲˣ½ȻҪˡ
صԺ½ȻڼҶҲ֡
½ȻһҶһ棬һȥˣôķûԣ쵽ĵˣԹûС
ȻҶ½Ȼ̲סһѯʡ
ϻţھӿҶһͳˡ½Ȼԥ˼ӣͳԿ״ţź׾ʹˣҶû
һ磬ȥ
½Ȼƣ˲ڣû˽ɻ
ȻҶ˵ŲɵҶûʱ½ȻʹƱɻˡ
ƽҲûʶˣԼһȥأ
ҾǴƣŹ䡣ҳԹˡҶԼ˱ˮ£д̨ǰû˵
½Ȼ״ΪҪ˵ʲôֲ֪ôڡ
֪Ҷ۵ģں˿һĶÿζԻ࣬ǱϾڸͶѵ飬ҷɣһиȻˡ
Ҷķûԣ½ȻϳˣʵģûԹˣ½ȻҲûȥʳãѲַһֱŵķ˵Լķˡ
ϴˢ˷裬½Ȼ˷úߣд̨ǰҶ滹Զţ˵
ҪǴƣԳŹ䣬ٻ¥ʹ԰ǲҪ̫ˣʲôǵú˵
ҶԵͷţ֪ˡ
һܿͺˣ½ȻҶƣҲͲٶ˵䣬뿪ˡ
ʵҲʮӶѣ½Ȼ˵
½ȻһߣҶ͹ţã˴ɴȥ
ռһѴСȵĳƱĳɹֵܴóҶſռ俴Ҳͦ˼ġ
ʱĳƱʮǮСȻһǮˣҶϸٶҪ𲽣۾ͲֵģȻҲյʲôǮˡ
ʮǮĴƱžǮģȻһǮģȻëëһëǮģɢɢҶ治оȣȻ׬˾ǧࡣ
ȥǰϾֻ½ȻĶʮǮںдһͱ主ˡ
ʮƽ׹ⷿÿҪ壬ȻҾҲĽֵ´ĺڿ⼸ãëһǮһһ¡
Ҷʱ򻹾֣ҾôϷˣһڲСҾǼҾ߳ͳһġ
Ҿ߳ļҾҪҵȯûйҵȯµģֻܵڿþɵļҾˡ
׿ǹеͳӵʳߵҶ׼˲٣ҶһξԼôʱ;ɹȷ
Ҫ̫Ҫܸܵǰ˵ţ㻤ңڣҴġ
һ죬Ҷ˹󣬸Լֱ۲ҩ˯˹ȥ
Ƕĺһ죬ڶûط
Ҷ·վʱ΢һ£뵽֮ǰԽվ·ߵʱ
ʱĺͦģڶѾʼ׬ǮˣҶЦһ£Ȼǵʳ
ߵĺҪȳǶķϼеĺҪܶࡣ
Ϊ⸽ǻվԶվվ֮أϻվһ˶࣬ȻҪӺܶࡣ
ҶתһȦ˸˶òգ˵˺ʵĽ䣬ʼ⡣
վ׵Զģ·ڵһƬյأյغһƬ֣һЩСһʯ
˴಻ѶȫϣǾһ㶼ϴһ˿ȻĻȥȡ
û˺ҶϣҲҪϡ
пռڣעּΣҲҵءʳĵط
οֻҪҶоΧˣͻתߣԼˡ
ٵˣҲȥұ˲ʳĵط˭֪мأһȥ˱ţпء
£ðűʴץģҪôǼҪ˶ʲôҪôеʶĺˣգ˭ǡ


64 Сƨ

ҶһҵֱԵȻԼٽȥһʯѺǵ·ɽڳѻģ۲ûˣռһգٳʱѾװҪĿ
Ҷ滳Ĳ㹻ˣҪĶˣҶŻȥȡ
վߵĺп磬ǰ˵һ½ˣĵ࣬Ҳ½ɢˡ
ʵĲҲɢˣϾûҶռһѶǡ
ҶҲǵԼ˶ˣֻ֪ȳǶĺĶ࣬Ӫ̷ۣһһʮ顣
õĴڵķװϾ̷۵ԭװʾˣ̷۵ģﶼ̷۹ޣȻǲƽˣ򵽾Ͳˡ
Ҷվ·ӱߣȥһˣڵڶҪ𲽵ʱҶɵȥ׼õǮ˹ȥӹƱԱ˺µСƱ˸λ¡
֪˸ˣԵһûϳȶ˷ɾ裬ɿ˵ڶǶҲû뵽һоȻһУǾôĿŹҶ뿪ˡ
ûҲȥһѾˣˣϹ˭֪Ҷ浽³ǲ˽ӣԣҸصطһѵˣֻյת뿪
ҶڳǶ³ģھСӡͬתȦȻû˸ţޡ
Ҳù޲ԺĲϹиſԲϵģҶжױ·ôߡ
˭ҲѻͷͷݻƵĸŮƯʱеĺ͵ӰǲŮͬ־һ
ҶصԺҪһСʱ
½ȻֹҶֻ컹ء
棬㡭
Ҫȥһ춼ȥתˣ½ȻҶ治˵ЩΣǻɣ
첻ڴԺͳȥΪ֪ĩʱ䣬뿴
ǰ˰ɣ
ȻǱųСҲԼƢԣˣֱӱֳ
ĩ½Ȼ˵ҶƽתһתϤһµģû˵أҶֱӲԼȥˡ
Ҷ˼Ƿˣ½Ȼ״Ȼˣǰε˵棬һϰ࣬úϢģøȥˡ
֮⣬㲻뿴ңֱ˵öȥ
ûС½Ȼֻ뿴Ҷ뿴ƽʲôģȻһǡҶ濴½Ȼ˵ţ棬ȥˡ
½ȻȻ뿴ĸǰĵطɣ
ͷ½Ȼʾףû˵ԼúתֻǶ˼䣬뿪ˡ
û¾͹䣬עⰲȫ
棬ԣǲҪ̫̫ˡ
֪ˣ½Ȼһעġ
Ҷ濴ű½ȻַµĻζӣ΢΢˼
·ϣһ¿յİװ˴ԼǧҲѹֻᱻ˶ˡ
ȻǷʴӵģҶףôˡ
ղ˵ȥסǿ½ȻʱҶʱѹ˭뵽סԺˣںеʳ˰ɣ
˵ˣҪ˵ȥסʰҪһ죬Ȼھӿ϶Ҳ⣬һŮͬ־ģⲻ˱ע⡣
סڴԺͲһˣ½ȻڣԺҲ࣬˭Ǹȥˡ
ֻҪע⣬װʱ򲻱˶Ͼˡ
ס죬ڼʵķӣȻͿ԰ȥˡ
лںͽڣʳϵҲ綼ãҶ沢Ļ򲻵ӻⲻӡ
ģһǧǮҶǮЩɣԼܰƽ󲿷õĳƱ§ˡ
ܿҡͷվǸУǹ·ǵ˻Ǻٵġ
û½Ȼڼ˯ҶһվߵĺС
˼һ£鲻һֱɣԣóûעʱ죬˷ӦʱҷȥˣЩ˾ҲҲ
Ҷ̯ĺ磬Ҳǧ뿪ˡ
ߵһ룬һСӰ첽ǣס֡
Ҷ屾ܵľٶ̧ͷԼˡ
㡣
֮ûж֣Ϊĳƺ
㣬㱻˸ˡСϺںģ֪ͿĨʲôϵ·컹Ҫƾɣֻһ˫۾ġ
ϻҵȻ֪
Ҷ濴Скһ֣װûģһɲһ˶Ϊ΢ע֪˲ٶСƨôϳģ


65 ׶༪

ȸСкҶ·ߣȻ쵽ʱ͵塣
ҶֻŵҲ׷
СкƺһϤҶҹյģ˼Ҷź漸׷ʲôСкҶʱһͷҲи˳ˡ
һʮ꣬Сֱ۴ֵһ׳ľСкҶվǣְľͷԱߵӴ
Ҷ沢ûзɾ裬Скſ֣ԶվмԶʱſһһСˡ
ԣСкϳȻҶ沢Ҫ
ǵһμҶ濴Скɻôϳģ
Скųġ
ųҶһ飬ʲôζ
װûɵˮ
ƺҶɻСкЦôһЦЩŤģ۾Ǹɰ֡
ǽϵζ
Ҷޱ˵ζ𣿡
˵Ҷ͸˲Ȼֵǣǻ·ģڿռ¶ˣûϻζ
һԳĬϳ˳飬ûסת򶴿ڣƺһһСĶԻ׵ˡ
ǰСкæҡͷ
ǽϵζ
Ск˵棬Ҷȴ֪Ҫôӻ˼һ£ʵŵÿζĲͬ
Ҷ⻰ʱԭתͷת˿Ҷ棬ְСкϣƺЩġ
ԡСкûиоһͷҶ棬ԹԵĵͷ
쳣
ҶСкϣȹ󣬿ÿϵζһ֪Ǽôûпܽʹ΢Ϣֱͬر𾭹ѵġ
ܹⷽѵ
Скҡͷġ
ҶԵͷûٿڣĵģĩ֪ἤʲô
ͷֻһͱҶ׵Ժˡ
ΪʲôҶʵʱ򣬿Скֿת򶴿ڵꡣ
Скָָ꣬شҵҴɽϴֻҰãùġ
Ҷʣʲôʱϳģ
ڽ뿪ʱ򣬴ǰ߹
⻰ҶźһЩһоͱϳˣǻ鷳ء
߰ɣˡһԵ廰ˡ
һһСҶһ£ûоܾ֪ǲʲô˼
ӣֹСк·Ϥһɽ·ҲϤ
Ҷһֱûзɾ裬ǱСкܽʱ򣬻Ǵʱɽ·ʱ
˳ţǰͷСкм䣬Ҷں档
磬ôˣ
Щƣ֪
ڰһǰõ˰Ĵľǻȥ˼£ϵ˶ûϢˣʹĵˣô
ֵˣơҲˣȻҲܻڻжϾǴء
ȻͰľˣҶ滹ۼĿľЩɫ㿴ʱҲܲ³
׷׶༪ˡҶ浹ǲˣϾ˴ģҲ飬˾ˣʱ򣬲ҲŪ
ҶĮ̬ЩԾͲ忴벻Ǹ˰
ҪĩҶҲͲˣ磬Щ
˵ҪΪʳһЩ飬ǣϾĩѵʳɱĳ
뵽Ǳ̵ﲻ֪ˣҶƺֲˡ
컯֮Ȼǲҵģһĵط˼ױ¶ҪȻֽôôɽҰиֶ԰
СкҶƺţܴпѹƲסǣȻǰߣʱʱĻͷҶ棬ſĵЦݡ
˵Сӵ۾ΪϵıҲΪУǻԼ뷨
ȻСкСˣҶ濴һ˫۾ɸɾģδʲôͼ
ҶĵװģݼǵǷ켫
С١ôôϤҶʣС١ͺܿĵĸ֡
СкС١ʮˣ磬Сףʮˡ
С׼˵һ·϶С١ߴߴĺҶ˵ȻĻشҶ⡣


66 

С١Ļش𣺡ΪҺҸᾭﰡߵĶˣϤˡ
ҸˣԣһܻᵽɽΣ󲿷ֶջǺԼԵģǵˣǮʳһЩõĶ
㣬ôأҲС١һʣҶûлشҲ⣬ּͣ˵
ô͵ȥ
Ҷ֪ƽǱиģµĹʲôģջʱ͵Ȼ׸ۺϹֻʳҪȻùֻǮ
ũҲЩԴҲǸʳֱܲء
С١һСƵҡͷ˵ֻҰðˣֵȥʲôǮ˵ˣũ͵ȥģ˻ᱨʴӵġ
ҶȻ㲻ǴӸϽ˽˵ˣ
ûʴӣ֪ʲôģÿÿʴӶһµӣֶκײУ⡣
ҰζںϻǺȥģȥҲԴԡ
С١㣬Ҫ֪ҲڣҾһֻˣɺóˡ
˵С١һ¿ˮȻַӦ˼ıܿҶߣȴҶ濴ɬ
Ҷ浹ǲںȥرĹֺ͸߼֪ʶƱÿ˶ǶĶƱ
¸ʳ궼һȫӦʱ򣬺Ҳ⣬Ǯ˻ܴɡ
ҲáĲȱԣռʳ٣ĸʳҲһѡ
Ѿˣھ㣬ҲûˡС١¶źһ͸˵ûϵҸŪ͸š
㣬סﰡ
Ҷ濴С١ҡһͷ
û˵أС١˵˵ҲûϵҵʱϴǺͬˡ
Ҷǳ˳飬ǰͷû˵Сףֿ²С١֪Ҫô˵ĺã飬˵׼ģ˵Уܴˣ
áҶٴξܾǮɣҹ컹֪ڲء
Ǯ㲻ǸǮ𡣡ʮǮأֻҰô´ࡣ
ҶЩҪǮǻðűʴץķȥҰð
С׻ôСɽϴȥ
ҪǱ֣ǺصģǽҲҪգҶҲ֪С١Ҫԣû˵˻⡣
СûֹС١˼С١һ·ϰ˵һѣҶеõԼҪϢ
ԭΪɽ·ǻ֪ѵɽ·һСʱ󣬺ܿɽˣȻһСʱҲͽˡ
ôԶ·ҶߵĶˣȴС١Ųһ֮ǰ죬Ҳ۵ӡ
Ҷ治ɵĻԼˡ
ֵ˼סڳǶķ֯ԱߵĴԺС١˵ĺҶʱҶֻǾš
ԺʲôģҶûԼ͵ĵɣ
˳ûãҶͺ˷ֿˡ
ûиоС١ߣҶͷҲء
תתưƵģٴת˹
ÿζǹ̶ĹޣҲÿһζżжױһΣҶ滻ޣڵ޷ɿİױжˡ
Ҷ뿪С׼ܵջĿ⣬ſڣС١Ϊʲôôͬ
С١̧ͷԼ磬磬Ǻˡ
СüС١ˣǰЩ𣿡
ûС١ûǽ㲻һǺˣЩ˶һ
˵ǰߵĵܵܣС۵׻һĨǡ
˼С١ͷת磬㲻Ҳҵĸо𡣡
⻰С׳Ĭһ£û˵ʲô
ǰΪС١ĸоС١˵ôࡣ
С١εŮͬ־˼ҽʲôֶ֪ء
߻شԺ·ϣҶ뵽ʲôǲ΢΢
㲻⣬Ȼĺģ
ںһҲȻҪŵԶҲԵıʳҪˡ
ͳԵ嵭һЩ٣ҶԵĶظģʲôҶ㡢֭ᡢװ㴽Ѽ
мû˵ĵطԷ˭ҲῴԵʲô
Ա㣬һսռ䣬ǲҪ̫ˡ
뵽ںб˶ϣҶƣҲû취飬бӣһŮͬ־Ļ࣬˲û


67 л

컹ȥȥ
ȥ
ȥıߣ
ȥǶһ㣬һ㣬ǱȻվǱһ㡣
ҶԴ𣬺ܿͻصԺ
½Ȼڡ
½ȻԭΪҶҲͲˣ֪һһȥʳóԷûҵˣ뵽ֳȥˣ½ȻΡ
ͷô䣬ģûµ˶ԸܣԺûϰļ֪ˣڼϴϴˢˢ͵ڼﴮ죬һҲ͹ȥˡ
Σû½ȻأҶкʹӿڴͳһƱͶʮǮ˹ȥ
ˣ½ȻЩ㡣
Ҷ棺˼ôá
½Ȼһ£æƾܣãţԣ˵
½ȻƱǮˣҲԣڻġ
治ż½ȻˣҲãôôżء
Ҷ治Ϊ֣½Ȼš
֣½Ȼһ£Ҳͽ˹ȥҶ䣬ҡͷǷɣ
½Ȼ֪Ҷ˿ĺߺţСڴǮҿɲǮ˵Ǵ󸻺ΪƱȻʮҲˡ
ӹ½ȻЩ֣ʵ棬Ǯ
Ҷ½ȻĿɲ֮ǰǮǮʲôȻһֱûǮ
ҶҪģ˭½Ȼݺְҵš
ýڣҶش𣺡ңһԶ
㡭½Ȼһʱ֪ô˵ˡ
Ҷ濴ĲͬЦЦܲһֱ
Ʊÿ°ʱǮɲᷢܲƱɵ۰ɡֲһԣҲ˾ˡ
½Ȼһ̾һһͷ˵㣬ǵҪûǮ˿Ժ˵Ƚ㡣
ϵĶˣáһ£½Ȼֽ˵ҪԺҲ򵽡
Ҷܾ½Ȼ˵õʱƺб˼ڣûʣֻǵ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
֪ҶѾԹ½ȻҲͶ˵˼䣬ˡ
ôԶ·۵ĲУҶˮݽţȴ
ʱҽԺܾڰ칫ĿŲʱʱľ;þö淢
ּ𲡰Ժȴ
ҶѾԺˣ106Ų˶ˣÿ·᲻ĽŲ£Ȼ֪ҶѾˡ
⼸죬ܹûгȥʵҵʱ˺ܶ࣬ԼʵʱҶûҵ
ҶԺͷ죬룬ųԺ㰲ҲҪϢ졣
ֹ󣬹룬Ű϶ҪһЩ˵ˣʱԼȥ¾ӡ
ǹһһҶ滹ûйܳĬ˺þãĬĬ룬æ߲ǡ˺Լˣ
ĺ磬ǸӰɣ
˵˰ⶼߺˡ
æˣ
˰ɣ
ˣ
뵽üĲɵ𣬵ܿ죬ѹȥϢٴλָºŵʡ
Ҷ治֪ѾĲˣݹţڴϣſռǮ̵ļƻԼ⡣
Ҫǹ֪ǲҪҶգЦЦǺܿڸͲǵǵһ羭ĩôΪġ
һֹܿȥˡ
ϼеĺȥ죬վĺȥ˰죬ҶСĽ֮࣬ҲԽҲʳˣ̷ۡǡǡˮͷҲˡ
ʱҲϡûƱ򲻵ʱձȱӪƶѪʲôľ͸˵ˣܳˮһ㲻ˡ
ˮͷҲ㣬ƿϲʵıǩŪ˭ҲʲôԵģôһһ޵š
ٿһǮһǧһ޵ſëǮҶһʼҲ֪Ҳһʮޡ
Ƕ٣ǻվǱ߹·˲٣ҪһЩ
ʮġ
ղҶϴû뵽ô磬ˮѾˢϴʰˡ
Ҷͬ־ô簡
Ҳ簡ҶЦĵһͷ첻΢һ´ʮӣˮôˡ
Ҷͬ־簡
簡Ҷͬ־
簡չ棬˴кҶҪϴ
ɵǣ֮ǰҶɨһعƤĲҲˣһҶԸȴ͸ӣЩʼĽĿڡ
Ҷͬ־õʲôϴʲôǸͻѩࣿƤӴǣӤһϸۡ


68 ϴ·ϴ

Ҷͬ־ã˿žҪһѡ˵ţֹȥҲһҹĹֶûϴ
ҶüŲһźۼı֣ܿԼһߵˮͷ׼ϴ
Ҷ㿪˵Ҳ⣬ĴתŪĭ˵Ůͬ־ѽ𴲾ͿʼԼǣһڣһ𴲾͵æһӵʺȻ󻹵ϴ¡
˵ʱͥŮˡ
˭˵أҾǼ޵̫ˣҵǻᡭ
˴򿪻ӣȻǱˢϴֵ˵
Ҷֻĵķ۴ݺϴ
ʱ½ֽ˼ˣһŮͬ־վҶԱߵˮͷҶϴ˿һᣬʵҶͬ־ʲôӵϴġ
Ҷ滹ûпأǲžæӻϴ·۰ɣ
ղžͿҶһĴָͷСķ״Ū˵ˮȦŪݺĨ뵱ȻĿˡ
ҶϴĶһ£û˵ּϴ
ϴ·ۡվҶԱߵĳҡͷ
żҶû˵ΪԼ˵ˣ˵ϴ·ۣҶˡ
Դǵˮﲻ˶ɰͶҶϣȻùҵȯסڴԺˣҪôԼϰǮҪôԼϰǮܹйҵȯõġ
ϴ·ۡϴ·ϴϴ裬˭ҲȱÿһĹҵȯϴ·ϴûˣ
Ҷͬ־ϴ·ϴһŮͬ־¶ȣ۵ȴǻһĨȻһ߰Լеݹȥһ˵ûҵģζġ
Ҷͬ־ֻþͺˣϴ·ۿϴ·ģϴ
Ůͬ־ɨɨҶ·ǵļЦܿѹ£Ҷϵ·ȻÿҲˣ˶ˣʮ˰ɿ졣
ٹٺÿ·Ҳôһֱ˲ϴɣȻǴ죬ǣϴ費·Ҳ̫ˡǲϰ࣬ûǮ
Ҳ֪½ȻʲôϵôסԺ
ϴ·ۣҶߵĳ֣صķϡ
˭ϴ·ϴѽϸϸݿɺϴ·ŪĲһ˵ˣվԱأζҲһ
ҶֻûŮͬ־Ļ˫ˮϴϵݡ
ѾѹˢõĲһûƲ죺¸£֪
Ҷͬ־ûзأ㼱ʲô˳һ䣬ֶҶ棬ʵҶͬ־˵ҿ׼׼õϴ·۰ɣ
ҶػԴ˵Ҷͬ־ôƤôôأԭôϴģ
ʱҶѾϴëİѹ̬Ȼţó㶼ˡ
Ųĵĵȴ𰸣ҶһЦǰҾôϴġ
Ҷ⻰źʹӮ˼ܵĹһĶԳŬŬ죬ŲӣχNɪı顣
Ҷ⻰жȲ˵ǲŵģҲɵûͲӲ֣ЦЦϴ˾뿪ˡ
ᣬҶռǱ²õϴշ޹һߣҪ˼룬޲ҪҲˣϴշۣϴշۣϴõģɲϴ·õϴ·ۡ
Щ½ȻһڣҶ濴ʵ첻㲻ϰࣿ
ϡ½ȻЦصһҶ棬Ȼãôϰ࣬춼Ҫϰ࣬СĩҪֵࡣ
Ҷͷʾף½ȻȻҪϰ࣬᲻ȥʳó緹ʲô
컹ȥ𣿡
ʲô𣿡Ҷ治ʡ
ûУ˶ЩҵȯͲƱҪǽţ͵ٻ¥תתʲôʴ·ɡ
ҶԣͷһԼϵ·ЩΣȻëºͿӴһģ·Ѿ˰ֻͬͬɫѣǴ»ͬһôȥˣһζԼŵ
½Ȼҡ
½ȻҶܾһæ㲻żܾ͵ҽģٻҡ
ݹƱȯǮҶһ£½ȻˣԼǮ𣿡
½Ȼ˵һԶǮǮԷʲôģǻת˻棬Ҳ֪Ҫʲôģ㲻ǮЩţҪãòϣٸҲһ
棬Ǯҧ֡
˼ҶЦЦҲûоֽܾӹãҽģԺ㡣
ʱһ·ȻˣΪס½Ȼ˽Ҷһһײͬʽ·ˡ


69 ̫

żʲôʱ˵½Ȼİ֡
ˣҪǳȥɲҪٻ·ϲȫ˯ˡ
ҶͷЦЦʵ½Ȼǲͦæģ
š½ȻΪҶҪȥٻ¥һ䣬Щź˵춼æ⼸С
½ȻͻȻͣס˿Ҷ棬ͷĿԼһ£Ҳʲô˵ģѹг˲ʳϸĵǻĸ©ˣҪúõ顣
Ҷ¶ı飬ѹʵǸжǴˣ
ʵʱƽǺܴ󣬿ˣٵһǧһǧмɢɢģҲǧǧ
ʱҶվӦʲôʲôǮûǮҶԵһżеϸҲ޵ġ
ͻȻЩ˼һĶٵϸסʲôģɲ˺
ᶼǽϵϵвõģ˵Ӱ˵ʲôġ
˵䣬͸¶䣬ʵûǮҲģǮģɲ򣬳ϵϸ
Ҳ򣬴ղܲ͸¶ȥ
оһ۱һֻ۲ܴڵģµ˺ͳ˽ĵط
һϸǸ˻ĶģͻȻôϸںг֣Ǹ˿Ǽϸ飬ˡ
ֻǣᱻע⣬û뵽ô죬Ъһʱء
½ȻҶЩЦǸĻ⣬ǱѹЦ⣬ش𣺡ǣƽߡ
ĸʳڳˡ
Ҷ¶ȻЦ½Ȼǻѽ
½ȻЦܰʲôܣĸ豸ĸﶪΣĸͥ޴ܡ֮ܶࡣ
ǻͦġ
Ϊ񡣡
½ȻҪϰ֪࣬Ҷ治ȥʳó緹ȥԣҲԼĴñŷʳȥˡ
Ҷ濴ϵĹҵȯͲƱٿʮǮһĨЦ⣬ӣȥɺˣҲȥˣͱݼ٣Щġ
ҶǲżڿǧٶǮأĶҲûҪƱ֤֪ȥ
ˣǾȥٻ¥תתɡ
ʱȫߣȫҶûгҲǵͣµĹԼٻ¥ȥ
ͳԵһݱзưһϺȣ·ʳˡ
ٴٻ¥εɺϴβһ
ٻ¥ǺϴβӣۻԱģڱ䵭ģ飬˵ǰϾ룬ϰî칤ʣʣȻûʲôˡ
û£ҶҲֵĹ䣬һ¥תһתǹ̾ҪƷůˮƷҲ
໹ЩҶת϶¥ȥ
ʮŹҵȯߵĲƱǮǰʮǮ½Ȼġ
ͷ·ɫͿʽûкͷ׶ʣҶ濴һȦʵû취֣Ǵ⣬ԼһӿռŪ׼򵥵͵·͵ǰٻ¥ġ
ЬҪЬƱģżϵЬӣȲ˵ӺòÿؼĹûЬƱĻһ˫õƤЬҪʮŹҵȯʮǮ޵ĶѥĻ󣬵ʮŹҵȯͶʮǮ
ҶʮŹҵȯû취˵Լݳޡһѣﰵ̾ðɣֻܳϱˣռƷʡǮů͡
һȦֿտգҶ治ɵĳ˼ǲǲã
ٻ¥ĴôŪ
뵽ͻȻŮͬ־ëߣҲչȥ
ֹŮͬ־ĪĿҶһۣ˻ԥôأҶëߣ˲ԥǮ˺װõëˡ
Ҷĵ׷ۣʲô鰡Ҫǵëһ
̨ëкüɫִëߺϸë֡
ɨһۺҶòѯʣͬ־ëǮô
ҶͨʺϵĴף˵տյģۻԱҲҵæЦش
ⰵɫɫɫëǵڻߣſǮһǳɫʹɫװɫۺɫǴëģĻҲ࣬ʮǮһ
һëŹҵȯ
Ҷգ룬ôҪ»ˡ
һҪǻ⣬Ҷ治Ц̫ѽ


70 Ҿ֪

ǸǳɫĴë߰ɡòһë߾֯һëҶһ£Ǿһ㣬ûÿʽͳ̣ë߸һЩĺá
ۻԱһŮͬ־ɴ֮࣬ǰˣëĥСʱԱ²ۣϲԣЦӯӯ¾ˣӡ
ë߳ƺãװֽݸҶ棺ͬ־һʮǮʮŹҵȯ
ллҶǵлȻҪ󣺡ͬ־鷳ӡ
ۻԱ˵ͷ˵ľӵݸҶ棬ë߿ɲ٣ҲеģˣȻ֡
ŴӡŰٻ¥ҶǮȯ
һȥʮŹҵȯҶû򣬵Ȼٹ䣬Ŵ뿪˰ٻ¥
ûûйҵȯͳһģϾûдֵȻܷҵȯҶֹ´Ҫ㹤ҵȯС
ȥأ
Ҷվڰٻ¥һ£ǾȻشԺ
ӻشԺڰٻ¥ëߣռóĶһ˫޵Ķѥһ¿㣬һס
ƽмãУίԺҲһãɲĸãҶһζûȥʵǲϰߡ
ҽԺʱҽԺϴϴս裬סԺÿڻºů£ˮˮһ£ȥԺúúϴ衣
˵ԺõĹԺõģҲĴһһëǮһΡ
ϰʱ䣬Ҳϴ衣
òǴģһһϴС䣬Ҷʱںܶ࣬Ҫ·һѰ׻ڴϴ裬Ҷɴˮˮ½Ȼ취ϴ衣
ͷɣҶһ»·뿪á
ɫŵɫСVë£¶˳ӣƯɫĶ̿ײǺɫëشһδϵ¶ڸװɫĵĿ˫ȸԱֱ޳
Ҷˮϴµ·°ʱˮˢϴ·ûļͥŮһ߾ҶأһĽ
һЩŮͬ־ǲزסϲÿ˳úÿʲôÿ
벻׻ǳɫƲŪɣ
ʲôӵģͦ⻬ģ֮ǰֽϱķˮ𣿾˵ˮȥ״ʪֺÿࡣ
¸·ʣҲȥë£¸¾͹ˣǰϣҪȻʱɾûˡ
Ҷɲ֪ˮʲô뷨ҪĩѧŶϴ·ҪЦˡ
ϴõ·뿪ˮӭ˵ҪҶϴŮͬ־ϡ
ῴҶһֺÿ·ЩסûǮϴûеãôͻ·ˣ
ôʱϦ䣬һĨбӳҶϣֻˮſǼ·ȴðϾƤյĸΪͨ͸ϸۡ
᲻ɶʼҶƤĺѽ׾ϸ۵Ƥ׵ĻˣŹһ
˿ԼŹϴ·۵·ᰵ˼ţѵǡ
Ҷ֪Լ·ô뷨֪Ҳġ
½Ȼ֪ȥãҶȻǹײڴԺ죬˵ųš
ҽԺ뿪ʱһġ
˵ûнź֤ܵҽԺƽǵľɲ٣ģҲ
ʿ˵ʱһ£ܿЦǰҶͬ־ôˡôԺûкú
أ˺üˣⲻ·ѽҶЦ
ҹεİɣʿɲţȤ
⼸Ȼû˵ʲôʿζҶסĲſͣ٣ԭΪҶܿͻҹܵģ֪һԺû
ۼԽĬʿÿϧأ֪Ҷˡ
Ȼ컹ǲôõһ˷ֿġ
˵ʿҶ棬˭Ҫġ
ҶüĴЦӣʿһҲӭѽ
ȻӭˣʲôûӭġʿЦҽԺûûʹģϰǣ˭ԸҶͬ־Ҫ˵Ȼãģǲӭˡ
⻰ҶЦˡ
˵˼䣬Ҷ󷽵ʣҽϰ𣿡
ҶѯʣʿЦĸˣҾ֪ʵı顣
3ڿأҸմǱ··ӦûʲôˣҪҪҴȥ


71 һҭ

ãҲͦæģԼȥͺˡҶæܡ
лʿʿʿһ£ȻЩźܹȥûСԣҲûĥ䣬Ҷָ˷Լæȥˡ
ʱٽ磬˾ʣ
ҶվſڣŸղ뿪Ĳ˴򿪶ûйϵţ湤ˡ
רĵĿŲʱʱдϼ䣬͸ĲϣͻȻʹϢԵøº
ҶͻȻôһ仰ҫ۵Ĺâһ̫һŬģ
˿̣ǡǡռȫˡ
ԭЩģҶվű߿ʱڿһĺİĿĿҶӰ
һ
һ˵ţһ߰ĲŵһԣͷҲ̧
Ҷ汾Ҫһģɼ״ͻȻ˾ͽȥˡ
һҸղѾ˲ˣʣ²һ˲ӣҪ£˭أӾǲԡ
ȥϴּĻʿʶҶ棬æڲʱֹ
û⻤ʿôҵĲ˵ģҶߵҿǽһ¡
ͷҲûֻ̧òλãǳ
һλãҶЦЦ˹ȥ
䣬ﲻ
ĻŹ̧ͷҶʱ
㶵ĿҶ棬Դ΢΢ţһʱ䣬˶û˵
˴ԼһӺ󣬹һԼ㣬ôˣ
Ŵ㶵ˣҶЦôʲô飬ң
岻𣿡ʰգͷһԼﻹʣ¼ˣֻ΢΢üͷչˡ
ҶҡͷûС
Ǿͺáܵ˵ͷ溰һ
Ҷһվһæڣȵȣߡ棬Աߣһ£Ҿֻˣܿͺá
ԣҶЦˣţá
ҪһԵȺ򣬱Ͼǲӽģ滹вأĹʡ
ҶӦһղżҪѲ˿꣬û˵һͺˣ䣬ŷӦЩ˵˼ûвˡ
ܿ죬в˽ˡ
ҶһţɵĿۣȻЩ֣Ҳûʡ
ڹ濴ʱҶ
칫ϹܣϴҺͷŵġ
Ұɣ
ǽǵñϻ׺ΧҺһ򵥵Ĳټˡ
ѹͷãܼЧĸ˿ܿ죬˾Ϳꡣ
һ˲ųȥܻûüҶ˵žͱƿˡ
Σˣһȥʳðɣ
Ϊǻʿ㱨֪ȴǼѰҶ濴˿ܣֿ˿߽סˣĿ⣬û˵
Ҷ棬ݵϵЦݿסͷһ뷨ǣô
̧ͷһݣʰԼϵĲҽԼȥ԰ɣ£Ͳȥˡ
ݿһҶ棬ֿŹܣ˵ʲôѾҶ濪ˡ
棬㲻ǶߣҴȥԷ
°״ӣ׼ϴ֣Ҷһ˴·ɫﲻɵĻ
ҶԺݾһֱŬҪ͹һ𣬼ȫҽԺûв֪˼ģɲôԼܶûһ˿Ӧ
Ҫֲʡ
Լﲻãôһֱ䵭ģҲûӦأ
һŮͬ־ˣһˣô
֪ڿ࣬ݾԼĻˣϾͿʼѡһϰ·һһ׵·ڴѡš
ȻҽԺҪװ״ӣ;ϢԷʲôģл°ȻҪĺÿһЩˡ
ȹǲ̫ˣ
װɫЩˡ
ɫºЩʡ
ɫɣ˴Ϻٻģ˵ƽǵİٻˣʡǵİٻ¥Ҳ
ǣϸѡ·Ҷ͹ͬͬɫ·£ûаʵĻᡣ
ΣҪҶͬ־ȥԷһɣ
⣡ϴ֣ͷҲ̧
Ҷһʱ͵Цˣ˵һҭˡ
ʵҶҲڹ˰״Ӻſϵ·
ҲЩȡ
ֲãղ·Ͽ˺üۣҶ滹ΪԼ»·ŵʱŪˡ


72 

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ûǰԼã·ɫײˡ
ͬİɫ׵ɫVë£ֻҶëǴСV죬ܵϸë£VҲ΢һЩ
ӣҶװɫǻҰɫȻǲһģҶɫ̿£Ǻɫëش¡
ȱʱôһ·ò˵ͦġ
ͷȱؾô࣬·ǸģɫʽҲ̫࣬ײݼöˣοܺҶײرĲ
ѹͷĲʣǡô΢Цº͵ΣôСɣҲ͵ģԼǮ
ǵģ㣬ǲʳá
ҶԣŹܵıӰЦĸˡ
һҭҶһ͵ЦɨһֿۣڣΣҲʳˣһɣҲа顣
УüĻһĨãҶòײŹôôʶȤء
ҽԼȥ԰ɡ
ٴαܾܾϵıЩÿɵֵҶһۣ㣬ʲôң
ң
Ҷ濴óϲܣϲϲ뾺ԣʲô
˵ˣͶ޸УǨŭʲô
˵ˣϲ˭ãƫƫϲܣҪ
۹ܺãҲܴ󣬵ǣҲġ
ǣҶ۾һתĿʣܣȥԷ
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Ҷͷһ£ʵһûȥʳأô˺ó𣿡
ȥǾȥ˵ţﲹʳҵպá
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ԹӪꡣ
ᣬҶͼ˵Ҳȥ߼۷̫꣬ˡ
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ݿҶǧСɣߵʳõĻܶãɾͲˡ
ҲԣҲȥȫϯ
Ҳ⿴Ҷ飬ԽܳгԼĺѽ
Ҷԣ֪ڼԼԼͲһˣڿܸɣ͹ܽһ𣬹ϻǺܺõĴҲǺܺõģޡ
뵽ʱˣԼôã۾ֲϹῴҶ棬ҲһʱԺѣܿѵġ
һ£ȥԣ
ҶݻߣĵƤЦϴβ˵ҪҪġ
һ⻰һϲҲ˲æڣҶͬ־ⲻΪǹ𡣡
ûòԷȻǿˣֱӺų⣬һҲ֪˼˵档뵽ƺѾܻΪһ仰Ҷӡ󲻺
ݲ廰ҶҲ⣬ĵʵôΪˣ
¸ʳûйӦ⡣״Ǻĵѡ
ʱҪܶҶ˷ѵӡѽ˵Ҷͬ־԰ɣʳõķ˻Ǻܲġ
˵ȥԣͲøˣʳãͿһͬԷˣҲ֪ʲô
ݵ۾ǣӦˡ
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ҶЦЦͷֿݣڣǣҽ˵ʳûѽ
ûнֻͣЦЦ߰ɣ棬Ҹ⡣
ѽ
˵žҪ뿪ܺſݻڣȵüҽ㻹û߰
⻰ҶЦ˳Ҳε˵
ƺҲӦԼ⻰˵ЩʣǲƵ˵ҽҪȥԷȥˣҲȥɡ
￴ܸ˵˼ŬάЦݣ뿪ңùܿš
ҶȳңʰĻʿʱЦǰ
Ҷͬ־⡭Һ쿴Ҷŵ̨ϵĶʱϲĿ
ʿ֮ǰ˵ָͣҳԺ˺ü죬пղŹġ
Һ죺ǣǡǻҲû氡ּҶüûͲϣˣ֪
Ҷ棺㲻Ϊƭİɣ
ǣôءƯָƿӾرÿԲƿĲӣҷɫָͣÿ
Ҳȥʡǵİٻ¥ָûÿ


73 ز

׷ǹʵģҺô˼أæҪǮҶͬ־ô˼ָͶǮҺɡ
ʲô򡣡Ҷ水סĶ˵ģ㻨Ǯҿɾջˡ
ҡҺ컹ԥ
Ҷ棺ɫ㲻ϲ
Һæҡͷǰϲ
ǲͺˣŰɡҶһԵţҲͲҺ˵ˡ
ҶһߵĹܲ뿪ˡ
֮ǰҶվڶſڵͶݸһЦҽллĺⰡڣҾͲˡˡ
ݱƵЦݴ̵ּҺ̵ƿָڷȥĿ
ʿɲͿָͣɲܷ󡣡
Һ̧ۿȥݲˬĿԼô£ͷָͣɫҽ֪ģ׼ұҲ᷸ġ
ҽҪû£ҾͳԷˡ
ʿĴûҽãμ͸˵ˡ
ҽһСʱϢԷʱ䣬Сʱʱ䣬ʿֻǴ˷ڸλϽųԷ
ݺߺһҲúҺ˵ͦˣ°΢΢̧ߣŸ߸Ь뿪
ҺԶŷ˸ۣĵֹҲ֪һͿϲܰ
ǼκҶͬ־䣬ɲŮò𣬹βϲ㣬ʲô𡣡
ô˹ξϲҶͬ־κҶͬ־䰡
ܴҶҽԺСŽ˼Ժ
˵ʳ²Ӧô⣿
иǼҾ߳˾רſͼҾߵģʡܣ·Ҳ࣬زʲôģ֡
ûбڣҲֵúҶ˵ⲻʲôܣȻ֪֪֪˻ûʸ֪
ҶһȻڸʡֻ֮ܶũµӻһЩ
ȻܵĻ֤ʵҶĲ롣
֮ǰ˵ĺأҰκˣҺܸмһֱҪҶûҪ֪طܣżлҴ㶫
⻰һֱ˵ҶͷʾףȻ˾˱顣
ڼԺֵһ׷һķӣŴһ鵭ɫɳֱǷǽųưڷ롣
ú¯Ӿڷ߲Զź󣬹ǰ¯ͱ˷úൽɳߡ
һϴ֣һ߶棬һᣬܿͺá
ҶЦæˣҴˡ
˵ţߵǰԼĲó
㣬˵һ㣬иӸġ
Ҷ򿪷裬Ѷһһİڳ
⡢Źǡ峴ˡ
˵֮ǰѾ㹻ˣôװһһݵˮƬʱζ
⻹û꣬ҶӰͳһţֽ򿪣һӵĺҶ
ϴֹÿҶһźҶ򿪣¶ĺҶŴ׼
׷ر࣬ΪޣǼһֻҶŴ׼һݵˮƬ˵ֻҶ͹ˣһҲǹԵġ
㡭ܿϰڳķˣֿҶ棬ȣ棬İ
ȻˡҶƲҿɲᡣ
Щˡôõķˣôãһμء
ôԲԣ
ҶһҪǲԣҾ˵ı飬ܼں棬Ҳˡ
ԣҳԣôء
⻹࣡Ҷ˹һۣȥϴ֡
ܿһѾյĲҡҡͷ֪ⲼװԵģҪȻղһ·ͽӹˣһֱš
ҶõǷԴ۵Ӻףϴ£һ˵Żһĳ
ܿŶҶ棬ĵһ䲻ȥϴڲһǴΣǵһ˵ԷΪʲôⳡʶ
Ϊʲôĺദ˺ܾúܾˣ
ˮƬرҶ漫ӣϲҶЦĺܿģܣһΪԲôء
ԵĹ߰ܺóԡٳ˶֪ܻҲû뵽һˮƬôôԵĺܿθ
ʵͦϲģر⡣
ҶЦšһ㣬صظ׼ġ֪ԿռǴ˺öء
õʳ٣ɴʳ࣬ʳҲ¡


74 

ԣ⣺ƬǱһĻҪҲôһҪǳԲģǲ˷ˣ
֮⣬ô֪ܳ
ҶɻЦЦصҾ֪ԣ˾Ͳóˡ
һЦ˲˹ۣܵĿҶ룬Сҧ˻űǻζ
Ǳ飬Ҷﲻ֪ǳԵˣҧʱҲܲϲЦ
ܣ黨ζǲǸоһѾ
ں󣬿ЦĿĵҶ棬ﻮһĨ֪ĳ硣
Цˣԣһ˾ˡ
ҶЦһ£ҳԱˡ
ʲôܣų˶١ںŶŮҲܶ죬ⷹȻҲͬ־ٶ٣ЩŮͬ־ͬ־󡣶ҶԵһ㣬ֱǡθڡ
ҾǳԱ˰ܣһ㡣ֲȱٸʳпռڣʲôûУʧȻܴˡ
ܻ˵ʲô뵽θڵȷҲͲ˵ˡ
аСʱûҶʰֽ꣬ϴúˮݲ衣
˵ҸԵģοûгϡ
˵ţҶ棬װ˵Ҹԡ棬ʲô˵ǰ׼
찡
룿
Ӧ˵ԤԼ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһ֪ûʱء
ܣҪæ
ҶӦܾԴĵͷҲǣ϶æģԺʱ˵ܿҳԷⶼʮĺˡ
ⶼʮĺˡ⼸֣һһٵ˵ţûʲô仯Ҷ˼
鰡ûʳ֮ǰҲþ߶ҪһЩ˵Ľ䱸½Ȼˡ
Ҷ滰䣬ûнͣʵܣˮƬó԰ɣ
֪ܲΪʲôǵͷ
߼۷ҲҶ˵
æȥ߼۷ˣԼȥ𣬻Ǻ½Ȼ
Ȼȥ룬ȴ̲ס
һ֪߼۷õϣҲˣϵζü졣
״νĻùüš𣬹˲ĵһ㲻ʣеĲ豭͵ط£ʵô£棬㱻ˣ
֪ܲΪʲôºҶദʱ䲻ȴҲԼϤƢԣЩ˲ǲ˵ġ
ţ̵ˣȻ˼죬ԣûй㡣ȥײʲôٵ飬Ҷ治͹˵ǣռ飬ȻĩûҪ˵ˡ
ô̵ˣ̵ϲأ
Ҷһ߽⿪ߣһ߻ش𣺡ֱϣ˵Ϻأ̺ˣҲҩء
ƤۻԼ㼸ȥˣֱϻܿЩۡҶΪִˣֻĩǰǹܣȻùйŮ¶ֱ۸ʲôֵġ
һľ͵ҶϵˣҽȻ롣
Щ죬ţҩҸЩ˵գܲҶܾͰԱҽҩ˹
СĵĴҶЦЦһ䡮ҶõĲˡ
Ҷ˺󣬹ŭͬʱƼֱۣҲЩ
ȿȣˣ⼸컹ǲҪˮʳţȷƫͷܿǰѩ׵ֱۣϰԵĶ˵һŷӦ˵ЩھԶŪ
Ҷ͸ˣ˵ôһʼҲûôأͿ˸ҩȴЧã˼ɿˣ˵ϴֱˮˡ
˶Щ˼ܽʰҽҩ仺ԼĲڣҶ΢΢󿿣ļ
ϲɫҶʡ
˳߿ɫĴЦЦãų⣬أ
Ҷ˼ͷһԼϵë£ЦҲãų⡣
䣬ӶЦ
㻹û˵ôˡ
ҶƲƲ죬Щί졭
ҶܵͷӦȴѾİ׼ˡ
ĺ𣿡ʵ
Ҷͷԣ½ȻȥƱȻ󡭡
ԭ򣬹һЩ飬ǹ˺Լġ
ôˣ״ʵ
Ŷ½ȻݺݴһƣȻˡҶν̯̯֡
½ȻѵˣϵıһЩֲšü̳ȥ˻ûȫ½Ȼһ£


75 ϰ

½Ȼ̫ˡ״Ǻƽ˵仰ֻ֪ʵ뷨ʲô
Ѿ˼ȻˣųԺûͱ۸ˣ½ȻıãҲܾôˡʵ½ȻıҲƽס𣿡
Ҷҡͷʡǡ
ʡǰǾȻһ
ҹסء
ô󣬻ûбùأǿ½ȻϣҲôưոݵġҶһƺ˵ЩӣԼȻ˼ҡ
޾ͺްɣҲʲôҲʲôˡ
״ĵ˵ţһ߸ҶˮһȻ˵ưոݣǾĹٲ۵۸㣬ҾһԣŪҩ׼֪ġ
뵽ʵĶ۵׻һĨ⣬죬Ҷûע⵽
Ҷ治֪뷨νЦҵҲңҵ˶ȥˣһ½ȻһƵЩ
էһ⻰һ£̧ȴҶлһĨĮаЦܵܿ죬ȴ׽ˡ
ȵԼҶеĹЦӯӯĿʵôʶˣǾҶ񶾣
ǡֻǾܴȡֻһƾͽѹֱ۸ˡ
ȣ»Ҷ澪ˡ
ûнֻͣ˵˻עһЩĺãֻǧûǧշĵ
棬Ժ飬ҡһ£˵Щ˵˻һĺáˣͱˡ
һ仰˵ġ
֪ҶЦˣЦĺܿġ仰죬þöûء
ֵܷóܵĻǲĻҪԼ񶾣ҶһߡĩʱʲôίͲˡ
鲻ƺûб֮ǰӰ쵽ŭһЩ֪Ժôĵ飬סˡ
ǽϹӵ˹Ҫ˵Ļ˲ԼͬĿӣѾˣӼԺߵ¥Ҫʱ䣬Ҫˡ
ô죿ֲܾᣬǲų˸ôô͵ʱϰˡ
ƽһΣвϰͷ
ŲҶߵ쵽ʱϰˡ
ԣæڣ棬㻹û˵ܲķأҵջǺܲġ
֪ҶЦˣٲŲ͵ġ
ǳԹˣٳ𣿡˵⻰ʱ򣬹Щ䣬Դ͵͵ģҳ˲ŲͣĲҲͦģ㲻볢𣿡
Ҷ״һЦţһȥɾҪٵˡǹΣҪõĴͷá
ٵͳٵСƵŤĺߺš
ҶѾˣٲԸҲúһʰǰͷȥ
Ҷ²ߵģºҲ̼Ц˵Ϻ֪ʳ᲻ṩӦûϵʳ⣬ͺá
ܣϺ𣿡
⻰üʱչҲ¶ºõЦݡ
ᣬҾܿ죬ܾҡͷУ컹ܳϺǳԵĵ嵭İɣҼЩʳģһЩͲˣͿˡ
»ҶίˣҽԺҪ嵭ģⶼԺˣҪ嵭İ
棬Ҳ룬ĸ첲ƴãǻҪעģúһ첲Ҫ°ˣѹġ
ֲݾֵּܾı飬ܾôҶ棬ֱԹԵͷ
ˣ֪
Ǿô˵ˣ죬һԷҼңҸ
֣µĻҶҪӦС
ţһ
ЦĿģҶҲЦģ˾ôЦǺǵĳš
¥ʱ˹¥µھӣھҲҽԺҽ͹ܴкһֱ͵͵Ҷ͹֮תĲ²ͰôҲزס
Ůͬ־ǹεĶɣ
ѹֹζҽĽûһ㷴ӦأѾǵĶ˰
ܺأǺ½˰ɣ
ԺСȥҽԺ·ϱҲԶܺҶһ·˵Ż;øˡ
ٵǰܵûסˡ
棬𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ãȥɡ˵⻰ʱЩ˼ǼȻˣҲͲԼԥˣɫӳĵӰ˵ͦÿģ벻뿴Ӱҽ°ˡ


76 ɴ

ܻ￴ʲôӰҲûⷽϢǲлʿۣ˵ݸĲӰˡ
Ӱòÿ֪ǣĲҶôߡ
ҶԣЦͷû˵
ȿȡεֵűǼ⣬ңӰܺÿģ㶼ҳԷˣҪȥ
ֻҶͷʵ
װ򶨵ĵͷǡ
ŶǾҲԷĻҲҪ˿Ӱ񣿡ҶߣǲҽԷˣҲӰ
Ȼᣡһæ˵ҲŮͬ־ӰġҲҽķӰ
ңҾ㿴Ӱ
⻰ѿڶ󣬹Щ޴ĿҶ棬ˣ˵ǲЩã᲻ͻ
Ҷ濴Ź΢ĶЦˣѽҵ°࣬ȥӰ
һ·ϣܵϰµģҶӦһ¾ˣչ¶ĵЦݣЦݽӣ·ʱ򣬹ֱܾǸϢĹҽˡ
ҶЦ뻹ء
֮⣬вֹСʱҸɵȣ
ţ֪Ұ칫ӿҲвˮԺȡ
⻰˵ȻҶĿ£򶨵ıҲòȥˣϲӰ
ôҿءҶ̧°ͣ죺˷ϰ࣬ȻҿһӰ
һæ˵ǿԿܶೡÿһֻҪҲҹ࣬Ƕȥ
ᣬѾʼĥǲʱҹలųȥˣģҲûʲôصĲ
ֻǿӰ
ҶʰգҲȹ˵ƤЦţǰһ䣺ٲ¥Ҫٵˡ
ں棬˰ӲŸϣкܶģ뿴ʲôȥﶼԡ
⻰˵󣬵ǰͷҶ滹ˣͷҲأϵЦݸˡ
ܼҶûлͷҲûӦΪûЩʧ䣬ҪٿڣʱΧѾ˵ˣֻѹ˻
˾Ͷˣ˲˺Ͳ˼ҽͻʿˡ
ٻʿʶҶ棬ǰͷߣԼҽԺĹΣǲ֪ΪʲôЩ֡
ΪʲôθҶͬ־棬ϵıЩ˵ıŤֹĿ񷸴Ҫϱԭµأ
Һ쿴Ҷ͹ܻĴкůˮˮĶԻ͵͵ҶֹҶͬ־ˣٲζҪҽˡ
úú˵˵
ҺЦŵͷҪ˵أǲһɨתͷһڨڨЦǺǺǣʲôҶͬ־ȥˮ
Һȥ󣬹ſҶ棬Ȼû˵е˼ˣ˵ϰģôźͱ˵Ҳûһۡ
ܣŵʿˡҶƮƮ˵ţһҲûԼҪͱ˰ԹܵץΡ
ҺղŵĻȻ˵ļΪСɹܻˣҶŴȤЩΣ۾һת˵棬ᵣ𣿡
ͻĻҶһ¡
ܼ˵Ҿʿ˵ͦԵģҪҪһң
ţҶɻʲô˼Ժϰ࣬ԼҪ
ڣĵһ˳ˣҲͻָ渺ģרĵĸ˿Ҷһ飬ķ
ҺȥģΪģ㲻ΪҶҭסӵĸһƿʡǶûеָͣҲҶѽ
˵ˣҺ쿴ųһٷԹϵ׽һЩˣﰵ⣬˵Ҷͬ־пܱɹεİء
ҲǼӵֺ˾˰ɣ
ܿ죬Ҷͱܻˡ
㿴˼Ҳעˡ
Ҷ汾˼Ҳû鱾棬Ȼܻͬ飬Ҳûʡ
飬Һ˽
ʿô£Ȿǳҽİɣ
ԼֲûԸҶ濴αͷҳҽ裬֪ҽǸͬ־
Һ챻ܽʱ򣬻أһҶõ飬һ£鲻һ
ܿͷӦˣǲϲ飬˲Ҷͬ־
׹ҺЦ־ȣԭβǲ飬ͷ࣬Ҳĸɴװ


77 ﶼ

ԴҶԺ󣬹ͺܺã֮ǰûʲôֻҺܸоĳ֮ǰζԲ˵̬Եĺϲ١
˵֮ǰã֮ǰֻǹ¹䵭ģǶ˼˵¶ȡ
Һֿˡĵͤﰵ̾Լǰɣ
͵͵һƣҺ첻Ҫ͵ˣҶͬ־ڰĿ飬Ҷͬ־ҳ˶֪֪Ҷͬ־ʮٿ˹ΣһδԼһ֮á
żξͳûв˵Ŀ϶ҲҶͬ־ķײϣӵЦЦӼˣһԣôô
Һ쿴һĻĽеģʼȴûУңΪܿ˵Ļһξϰʱ侹Ȼô졣
ղڶݾͲˡ
û뵽һԷ㣬Ҷ羹Ȼϰࡣ
Ҫ֪˴ǰһǰһ·Ҫ಻ж಻
ұĵĶԴͬԶԺŮҽЩɻҲĶˡ
˵ҶҹܣһȥԷ¥ҽԱкܿôҶŹһİ࣬͸䶯ˡ
˵Ҷͬ־ǲǹεĶ󰡣
˳ǣûƼϰʱξ͸Ҷͬ־ءǶ˭һϰడ
֮ǰأǹôͷͬ־ʲôɲܴķģû뵽ܿɾͳˡ
ҲҶͬ־͹֮飬ҸղȥͲǿζҶͬ־˺üء
İʲô˵
ӣʲô⻹ﶼҶͬ־
Ҷͬ־û֮ǰҽǺ͹ߵĽŮҽ˰ɣ⣬Ҳûоܾ
ʲôζЩʿҲɫѽʱشġ
ǣǲжҽرҽϲ⣬ζĶ࣬Ϊ˲Ը̡ǣοҶͬ־ɲһ˵Ƕء
֮꣬ǰûƼҽϳˡ
УҽɫÿֻҪξܾǹζĸҽʿ˵仰ҽ˵ͺͱƻһ
ҿڿƷ̨ʿ˵ˣҽȥҹγзξܾˡ
ܰɣͦõѽһԷôܾҽһءΪҶͬ־ԺҪϸˣҶͬ־ڵʱҹΡ
ˣǲ֪ΪҽûţܲòֱӿŽȥˣȻģҲܽ顭
ңҲ⣬Ǹѧҽأôûò
ܺҶ涼֪
Ҷбŷαϣֱ֧Ŷǣĸ˿ˣԽԽĺܺء
ĩƴɱĹܶɾ䣬ָֺɴ࣬һĩİĸо״ĸ˿ҽβ˵º͵Ȼһָо
Ҫ˵ôĩǶħһֻһҪĶħһºĵҽʹǽȻͬġ
ϦɫĹ⣬͸εĻĲϣʹһ˲þģ
ڹ̧ͷͲ˵ҽʱҶգգ۾ͻȻһĪЩܣ
㲻˵㶼ҵ
ܣΪʲô᲻ǵңʧ
оҶߣڲ뿪Ŀյƫͷǿȥ
ôˣ棬㲻𣿡һ˲ɫãܵĵ߹ȥѯʡ
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ôˣҿɫղЩԾ
ûбƹȥʵǲﲻ
һκԼаȶƳˣûжһ٣Ҳ
ûУû¡Ҷٴҡͷɨֻϵ˺ۣĻҲƽ
ܣָҡ
ܵҶ඾δ壬Ͼ˽⣬ȶһЩ仯ɼҶʱδʲôʣֻðĵѹ¡
ûͷûԵĻùܲ⣬ǰֵ˹ȥ
һֻҶĵ֡
ôˣѧ֣̽𣿡
ǰɹŴ򣬻βеģ²£
ƼյЦЦԹԵİֵݹȥ


78 Ƹ

ãҾͿԡˣ
û˵꣬־ͱҶȥˡ
ȷ˿ڣҶֿ˺۴
˺µģʹ̣һɹܲϰ˶ϡ
۵İԼͷҧˣ֮£Ҷҧֻڣ˿ںߵĻָãε˿ڡ
滹вڵȺ򣬵ûнкţҺЩ棬̽ͷһһ𣬵״˵ЩʲôȻİͷ˻ȥ˳ϣһҿˣæɫ
һĻҲȥˡ
տʼҶ˹ֻ֣ܵССģģ¶ȲǺܸߣ˵ȳҪЩǶ˵ȴỊ̵̄ĵףһƺֱڻˡ
ֻգܾͺһڣȴ᲻ðÿ
Ҷع̧ͷȴײе飬һ£һʵ۲ۣ
ҡͷۣ
Ĳ𣿡ҶٴʵȻҲô˵ġ
ţۡͷ
˿Īôֻ֪֪ҹԼĳѹϾѾ˿ˣʱһˣһȻԼجλôȻԼҧˡ
ҶЦЦſ֣Ҫ͵ȥæɣ滹вأҪϲʱ俴Ӱҿɲ
ֱͻȻſ˲ȵ¶ԶԶģ͵زӦĿһǡ
ҡ
ţҶ濴ôˣ
û£棬Щͣǲ䣿
ᡣůƬԱ߲Զˣﻹ䣬Щͣ⡣
ãһᡣҪĻҰѴ¸š
ҶͷҺţȿȣΣһ˿Խ𣿡
ֱƽԡ䣬߻ذ칫ǰ
ҺԶһ˵ͷʾȥȻſ϶Ҷ¶Īı飬Ҷͬ־Ҳ͹εģϾҽԺвڵأ˵һƼ˲á
Ҷǲ͹ʲô˵飬뵽ʱڣϾǷһ鶼ûֵҲͶҺЦЦͷʾס
Ȼ˵˿ӰȻĥ䣬ͷ˿꣬Ҳõ°ࡣ
Σǽ翴Ĳ˵ĲһЩϡҺڿ󣬰õһ˽
׼ϴֵĹܶһ£ӹһ飬ͷãҾͿˣʿˣûˣ°ˡ
ҺӦҶк뿪
ܺҶ뿪ʱúϣ˴˸棬ȫû类ܾΣϵЦݡ
Σ°˰Ǻ͹ܴкȻٿҶ棺Ҷͬ־ûأ
ҽҲû𣿡Ҷ浭˵
ղŹʰʮأ߲ţҲųҪ˵ߵĶģҶ涼š
Ц˲Щû취ϰడҶͬ־ôСҽĹûģʲôʱ򿴺ãǲ°࣬°඼׼ʱˣΣӦñ˽ǡ
֮⣬Ҷͬ־㲻ϰ࣬ⲻ˵ġ
ü⻰ôôء
ڣҶЦˣһĨЦ۵׻ɤתʣǵҽĵȷͦģһİ࣬ͦͬܵġ
ŶˣҽƲ֪ɣҲҪҽԺϰˡ
ʲôһ죺Ҷͬ־ҪҽԺϰࣿʲôģҽǻʿô֪
æܣѵϵҶŪҽԺⲻܰ
Ҷͬ־ɲǿЦģҽԺĻʿٶǻѧУҵģġ
ȵȣû˵ҪҽҲʿҶЦӯӯĴݵĻ
ʲôݲ⡣ɲΪҶҽԺɨỊ̇ˮ繤ˡ
Ҷ棺ǹƸԱҽԺ޹ء㵱Ȼ֪ˡ
ʲô˼һӲˡ
ֻйһǣЦЦǻӦ֮ǰĻ
Ҷ棺ǹ׼ԼƸҵ࣬ͬϰ࣬ұûأҽô˵ͻȻãҷûϰأһϰĸоɣ
ʲô˼ݿ˿ܣֿҶ棬ΪʲôĻԼЩء
ҽԺʲôʱⷽĹ涨ˣô֪


79 ˭

û˵ֻǺЦĿҶ档
ҶЦζ˼ǣֹ磬죬죬졭Ժһֱǹε￴ҡ
أǹҪϰࡣˣ
䣬Ҷ治ʲôӦŹܿڣҶˡ
ǿߣʲôȥԷȻٿӰҶĻùܿĲѣ֪Լһ߾Ͱ¶״̬ˡ
šҶӦգԻûлݻ˻֣ҽˡ
ݱһϢˣʲôƸУ׼ԷٿӰȥ
ΪʲôԼ˹ܼγԷæ£Ҫôûʱ䣬ԼӰȥͼϽ飬Ҳܾͨͨˡ
Ҫǹܶ˭һͬʣݻܾԼرģ㲻ϣҲܿܶҶرġ
ǲʱҶ͹Ѿ߳ȥˡ
˲˵ЦԶȥɫҪѿжѿ
ܵİɣԼôãֲϹˡ
գæʵΣҶͬ־˵𣿡
һ˵ģ
ǹܵĻݵĽҡ
ţƸҶͬ־Ϊҵϰࡣ
⻰һ£ϵ鲻˼֡Ҳǰߵʱ˵ĶԻɫˡ
ƺûҶĽŲЦʣƸϰ࣬׼ҿٹһ°
Ҫ٣Цʵ
ʵ˶֪鲻ܣһݶѡ
ҶΪϲǿ˭˳ۣ̬ȣϹܶҪæ⣬Ȼƴˡ
ҪǣҶ治ϲܡ
ܵ뷨ͼ򵥶ˣˣϲġ
ݶ˵ͬһҽԺͬ£Ȼ񽻣ҲϲӬһΧתǰֵʱҲᣬԴҶֺݵΪԽˣùŲʤš
ֱ˵ĸݣŮͬ־Ҳûȷ˵ʲôҪȿھܾˣճŭģһ˵ʲôҲеģûдơ
Ҷڣ飬˶ܿҲԼپˡ
Ҷ棺⻹治˵ҪˣûУҪҲʡɣϵķϣҾͲҪ㿪ˣܷɡ
װ֣̽͹ܷͿˣʳ׼Ƕ٣ԵĶ಻డ
ûб׼ҳԵ٣ԣһܳԵĸ١
⻰ùһ£һӾ˼ǣ˵
Ҫʣ¥Ա߻ֻ⻰
룬ܻ˸ʷ㲻ǿˣ
ӦҪϽеĹʣÿ¸ǮͿɼҵͬô˵ġ
ƺˣҶ滹̸ۼ޵ʱأòϽʡ
ҶЦ䣬״ε˵û취˭ءĩʱң㻹Ǿҡ
ЦЦ˵ôоҿˡ
ţ
Ե֮ΪΨ
֮⣬ϰ࣬һԷĿˡ
˵⻰ʱ󼸲ҲˣȾܣ֪ҲЦҲ˵Щ﷢Ļ
ǣЩǺ˵ġ
ҶЦˣ۾һתߵǲˣôһ䣬СŮΪֻ±ΨнλԱ
ôһءü壬ƺЩ
һֱа
ʱѾҽԺ¥
˵䣬ҶǸϴĻûסĺǺǵЦ
棬Լ͵ʲô˵˵
Ǻǣûʲôûʲô
Ҳšգ͸
Ҿ뵽һЦҶ棬˶˼
Ȼѯʡ
ʱףҪǳĺÿ⣬ͻһߵ˵ȫƾĸӳó󣬲⣬ͻ˵ŮТĸꡣ
ʱӢҪǾŮӢ۳úÿŮͻһߵ˵Ӣ۾֮СŮΪΨӢ۳ĲÿŮͻ˵Ӣ۾֮СŮΪΨţ˴
ҶһҲûԼ˵ЦĿһԼʲô˼ģͳĺá
һһ£ϸϸ룬ӦҶ˼ˣü棬˼ǣҳĲãԲš


80 ּһ

ҶЦæҡͷûѽҿû˵ţҲǽλ
֮⣬Ҷûţ϶ѽ
˼࣬ǻǾҳĲáЩίңҾҳĻ԰ɣ
һŵĹЩȻģʱϲĹֺڵüëǣҲ󰡣ѵҶϲЩģˣ
һ飬ǿô죿
ҽҩǣԼɹ
Ҷɲ֪ľᣬʣ˵ţѽ
ʰգϵһ˵ǣҾҪÿı顣
æҡͷȻΪʲôɶ
ԭΪʣȻͽ˵ˣҶһҲ˵ġɶʲôһʶȻǰߣܣĶһʲôѽ
ܿϸıӰϻһĨΣ粽ȥȥӪ԰ɣԺ÷ܸߵӵĵӰŮͬ־ϲӰӦҲϲӰɣ
Ҷˣ˭ҪӰˣȻ뿴ˡ
һ¥ҽԺﲻٻʿˣٿ뿪ҽԺݣҲ׷
˵ҽκҶͬ־һ뿪ô밡
ֲҽô֪
ʵݳ¥ôһԴĻɢ˲٣Ҳѹˡ
˸ղŵĻǹ˵ѣĿ⿴ѾԶ˵ıӰתؼҡ
·ϣϸϸĥ
ҶģǳĺãҪȹС̫꣬С죬ҲûʲôĹƾйҲǿŪģûʲôǰ;
˼͹ڵ˿ɲһ˼Ƚ³ҲǵһЩ߾ٶ˲õӡŽҶôԼɣ
ҲԣܲôҲܹݣ
뵽Լ֮ǰͬһʱһֱܺãԼҲ𣬴ദĶ죬̫̿࣬Ǹֻܽʵ
ЩרҵΪƽΪ˴˽Ͳˣݾãܾˡ͹ܹһйͬĻ⣬׹˵ʲôദģʽ
ܹܶҶҲãһʱĹҲգҶ֮ûʲôͬ⣬ġ
ôһ룬ԽԼĥĺס
ȻܹݣôҶ㣬ҪԴһ顣
ʱѾڹӪ͵Ĺ֪ܲݵԻ·֪Ҳᵱһµġ
Ƿ㣬ĸ߼۷꼷ߵĹӪҲ١
࣬˽ȥʱ˻ĿһۣܿƿĿ⡣
ȥڽвͣҶ˸ֵλˡ
͸һ۶ĸ߼۷꣬Ҷ治ɰ⣬ʱȻȱûзӺͳӵѹòƲÿﶼн࣬Ҳֲø߼۷ǮҪȹӪ٣ȥ˻ôࡣ
ܺܿŲͻҶ濴棬˳Ŀ⿴ȥʵ棬ҪȻȥԣ
ðҶҡͷΪʲôҪȥ棬ͦõġԵһ㹻ģҶỹûأ¹æˣͬġ
ܵһҶԷЩõģûйӦӪҲûģҲûõ㡣
Ҷḻһͣȴֻô򵥵ģܿǰķˣԽˡ
ǱˣܲŲôأҶ棬᲻Բá
ڲ³ҲµףйӪûʲô̫õĶܶһ£˵ҵ˸һ⡢ײ˺
棬㿴ʲôԵģҵĸ߼۷Ҳԡ
³µ׵ĹӦҶǲģпռڣûҪЩ˵棬ҶҲĵͷ
ˣ˳ԣЩ㹻ˡ
ܻ˵ʲôҶѾһ˫ӣҪļˡ
ֲǲֱ֪ôҰڶԸ߼۷ľᣬҶԼԸȥ߼۷˵ˡ
⻰һܵǲˣȴһΰҶֺݺݵļһʡ
ʱԶʡǣҶصĴ˸磬æΧһЩ
Ӫζ˵ҲκβˣģζȻòȥ
Ҷ˿û˹ȴĳţż̧ͷϹܵĿ⣬ӯӯЦ⡣


81 Ҳǵһ

ƺĵģҶЦЦȻҲǷɽ亣ζԵģҲܲ޵Ľʳ˵ˣĩʱʲôͷûгԹ
ҸʲôҿɱˣҳԵ٣ܣһ㡣
ܱôЦЦͷԷʱĵ㲻֪һ仰ɫɲ
󣬹ܰͻشڣźҶӰԺȥ
ǶҹʱڵĵӰԺҲ٣ܿ඼ķ޻̸ŮŮӰ
Ǹ绹ⶼҶһӰԺȻĩʱΪ˶㿪ɥʬܵӰԺﲻ㡣
ȥƱˣҶվںͷţƱƱĹ̨ľƵģԼ֮ǰӦˮ̨ӣջľƹ̨ӲãԭȵϵˮӡӶûŪɾ
Ȼ֪ʱڵĵӰԺ϶ͺܴ󣬵ҶһƱѾԤ֪Ӱʲôˡ
ߵĵӰŵӰƱ˵գֵжʮӣ棬벻Ա׻ȥ򡣡
˵꣬ҶӦ͸æŶȥˡ
ҶҪס֣ܵЩЦҲȷЦˡ
֪϶ǵղڹӪԵ̫ٻҶ˵һ㶼Ҳ߲㱥ˡ
Ʊҵλá
Ҷˤܻһ£ҶСĵĳֱߡ
ҶСĵѯʵĻЩֲ֧û뵽һ죬Ҳôѯʡ
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Ҷûлش𣬺Ǵ󷽵ֱۣжֱӻشĻ
Ҷ濴ķ򣬹ܵЦںڰţŲߵˡ
볡ˣżѾԽλȥˣҲвżˣ͸ƺҲˤһƵġ
Ҷ͹ܸ£Ҳˡ
ĻϣӰ֡ȡɽִ˼ת¾Ϳʼˡ
ԭ˽ĹӰڵӰʼ𽥰
ϵĵӰղƱԱ˵ˣӰ˺ܶࡣܵҶ͡
Ҷͷš
Ҫ뿴ӰռӰƬɲ٣㶼ҵ뿴ģܿ˵һοӰ
ĩʱ£Ҳûʱ䣬ȻƬӻֲڣҲûʲôɫʣûʲô߿ƼֶΣǸоǺܲһġ
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ӰҲֻҶ͹˱Ƚϰˡ
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ҶڱŽºͱɷ˵ﱬ׻һûһµĳţ漴Ӧţܺãܾʡ
Υ֮˵µĹ컹Ǻܾʵģʱ˵
Ҷ˵ܿӰһ˿ӰĸоڵӰ˵ʵڵģû׻
һЦЦǣҲ㻹ϰ𣿡
ʱ˺˺˶ҶҲû⣬ʵҵһӰԺ
˵ţҶ滹ѱ׻ݹȥܣҲһ㣬ԼԲꡣռ˺öʳ´ΣһЩ̸ɸŰ칫ңԸָ
ңҲǡܱЩεģҶôһ˵Ҳ˵
֮ǰһֱϿΣѧϰʵң滹ǻûȥӰԺҡʵڲ֪ĸӰÿҲ֪᲻ϲ
ҶԣЦʣܣڸңûкŮͬ־ȥӰ𣿡
ȿȿȡ˼͵رܱǺһ£ǵҶЦĸˡ
ܱҶЦȲ˼ΣʱһξʵĶϷҲһкùȻץ׻ˣװղŵʲôû
ҶɲôŹҪĵоҲͦ˼ġ
ǵһεӰԺӰأǰûȥӰԺģҲǵһκͬ־Ӱ
˼Ĺ⻰ʱˣڴĻЩ֮£ҶûϲõЦݡ
ɵģҶҲһЦġ
ӰûʲôǣһںںĵӰԺ￴Ӱһоͦġ
ӰʱҶ͹ܾˡ
ǵһӰԺ֪˻еӰԺûż˳ϰߣ˻λϣ㿴ңҿ㣬ôżæŵҪߣһˡ


82 Ŷ

ղſӰľôˣһѷļڣҪж֣ѵǮɣ
ǡܲ⣺Ϊʲôôż
Ҷҡͷм°ɣŽ
վһԷеһԺĶԻûסЦˡ
ҶɨһۣѾˣŹܾߣĵʲôЦģǵһӰԺЩô
˻ûԶԼǶԷ޵ͬ־̫ˡ
Ŷأ
ȫҶ
Ҷ˵̸֪ŮŮϲŶΣϲǣ֣ȥ԰̫䣬ȻǵӰԺůͣҺںģӰʱ͵͵ǣҲ˷֣ܱ˴֮͵֡
ӰԺʱ򣬱׻ųһ룬ܼҶʵڳԲˣҲͽӹ
ִڴ󣬶־Ͳˡ
ҶͷЦûпڴأڴвУ
һ£һͷȻƣǱҶ濴ǡ
ֲ˼ֿĵģֱҶ濴ҪȥҶأ⿴վڵӰԺſڳ̵ˣ뵽ʲôԹ˵߰ɣû뵽Ӱⶼ˵ˡ
֣˵ֲ𣬿룬Լ⻰ƺЩʣֻøҶת˻
Ҷ͹뿪ӰԺʱǳ̵Ҳӵ̣˵Ц뿪
£˼һֱҶϵĹҲʲôƫͷһҶ棬ԥһ£ʲôû˵
Ű˵룬ֵֵʱ䣬·Ѿ˺ܶ࣬һЩɫҴҵˣҲһЩմӵӰԺˡ
һгĸ֮һҶҪ·ȻûвӦģ·ߡ
棬ֱ۵˻𣿡
ѾûʲôĸоˡҶһůĩǻᾭˣС˾Ͳ˵ˣ˶в١
ÿһΣܸҩ󣬶쳣κۡ
ÿһΣҪΪ˶ѹ𣬼ܶʱϵҪصĶࡣ
ҪעһЩҩűգҪȻֱĿܻ°̵ġ
ˣס󣬹ܺӦЩʣæ͵ңû˼Ҿ˵㵽ҩЩ㣬ҿԸҩȥ
ҡʱסУίԺס½Ȼķӡ
⻰һüͷҶ汻ǣİ֪鲻ѾȥôҪ½ȻƤӵ£
뵽״ͬ·ʵĸںˣЩʲô
Ҷ˵ʱעŹܵı飬ʶüֲ˵ʱסͰȥˣڵԹء
ԹҲǸԾɣ
סԺҲͦġ˵ʱ򣬹ܼҶͷȻסҼҰɡ
ţҶ澪ȵĿ˵ʲô
Ǹʲô
ܷӦԼΪ˵ʲôæ͵˵ڳǶ׷ӣţûˣҪȻĻסǰɣΧʰͦõġ
ƣû½Ȼԭڣ˭֪½ȻʲôⰡ˵½ȻҶûʱԼġԽ룬Խпܡ
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ҵǲǡ뵽ŵˣҶԥһ£ҡͷˣȲˣ½ȻҲڣôҲú˵һźʡ
֪ҶûʲôԣϾôģҪһЩ˼ɣҶͬﻹЩģ˵Ķ¡
ȻҶܾˣܻ濪ڣã㵽ʱȥǶסˣ˵һҰҡ
Ҷͷܿġ
䣬Ҳȹ˵ʲôʵܣһȥɣ
áȻҪȥģܿûҪҶԼȥĴ㡣
䣬Ҷһץ
Źܿ첽˼䣬ǿܣǺǺǡ
ҰΧΧϡ
ͻĶùЩ㶣ȴҲԹԵҶǺķ磬紵Щ䣬ȴůůġ
֮ǰ÷ĸо˲ʧˣЦǺǵҲɵ
ҪԼУΧģҶҪ·ˡ




83 

ѽ㣬ǰ䡭
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ˤˡ
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ҶŹһΣ˹Цſǽϴ㿴ңҿ㣬Цˡ
ʱ򣬾ŵ㵽ˡ
·׼ʱرգǰһڣֻʣͷɫΧԼճģ
Цˣסˡ
һ˲䣬ձЩһ
ںĴ˶û˵һ׶೤ľ룬ƫͷŶԷ
ŵˡȳ˴ʱİ
찡һθоʱôĿ졣
ҶҲڽϵ·ƹˣ
ţصƺء
û·֪ܲôģͻȻò
ʱҲˣȥɡ
ҶЦЦá
Ȼô˵˲δżƺԼͬѡ˻ߡ
û·ƣ¹ԣţҶ˵ӢѧľҶϸϸţʱʱӦ䣬֪ģԺǰˡ
棬𣿡
ҶЦһ£˵ǲǺԼһԷ𣿡
ܵͷ˵ȻԼһԷǣ컹㡣
ڹת˼Ȧǻ˸ǣҺ㡣
ҶͷԺĴ˼ȻתˣݸһЦܣȥϢ
á
Ҷ
ܵͷº͵ã
ҶȥˣܲǴԺˣܽȥҪǼǻ˴ϣסڴԺˣý룬ԣֻվڴ⿴ҶıӰʧ
ŶϻƵĵƹյĹܸįһᣬת뿪ıӰΪ¼š
ɵϵʱѾʮˣҶദһĻĻûסԼڴЦĿġ
ԼˣҶѾ˯ˡ
˵ʵӰʲôݹҲ֪֪ҶںڰöϢһ˿䣬Цɫ¸Ϊۡ
ԣҶȥ·о·ģܻѡˡ
ԵһʱЩ飬Ҷ涼ûע⵽뵽ŻƽҲ죬Ǳֱ׳ֺһ·˵滹ɫĴתһԶ·
ΪҶ治֪Ҷ澭װȥľ飬˵Ϊ˱˶ϵʱӣΧ·˽Ĳˣû˵ֻҲ͹ܶһѡ
תһ硣
ƽҽԺĻʿԸоܵĲһ˵壬Ǿܸоһ
ʿ۲˺һᣬŵóνͦĵģǳʱ䱣ǳǳ΢ЦüҲһֱȥ֮ǰûеġ
𿴹οºûƢദǶ֪ⲻǱ󣬹κ˭ǵر׽ҲԶò࣬ȴ졭
ܺء
Ҳǡ
Ҷͬ־ڣͺܺð
ǲǳ˵Ĵ⣿
Ӧ鳡⣬ҵгɰɣ
۰գ׷׶ΪҶԵʣԹܵͷӡıˡ
ǲͷˣûϲ
֪ʿǵ뷨ڰ칫ǰǰѾ׼ļ̲סȸԾ
챾ҪϰģԼҶԷʱѾˡ
֮һŮ
ҽܽ𣿡
ǡ
̲ס¶ĵЦ̧ͷȥֻҶվſڣƤĿ
û뵽һ磬ϾҹûӦ
ֻЦҲ˵Ҷֿڣôӭ
ǡҿ߿仰ת˵ɤʹö
ŷӦæ棬
ô᲻ӭ֪࿪ء
Ҷ汾ҲûߣںЦ߽ûأͱͣ
Թ緹ûУôô磬Ϳˣһ𴲣߹ģ䰡
һĻԵ߶һҲϿǰº͵Ȼ
ҳԹ˰˯žˡʵǴԺﶼǳģҶ׾ͱѣҲ˯ţˡ
ͦģǶˣҾ͹㿩Ҷô˵ҲǳķĵӰģܲĲǡ
֮⣬㶼ҹˣҳ̣Ҳû취顣


84 

ʵҶ汾ҲôŵģԽԽˡ
ǣķϵı׻뵽ҹʱ⻹վڴԺĴƣҶﻹɵ£ȻʰһҽԺˡ
٩֮⣬ȻȥͿĻˣΪʲôء
ҵöԷӰС
Ҫ׼ҵڷƱˣ
˵棬Ҷ⻰һ˵оһʱ̧ȥһԼĸղŵĻҲӦˡ
Ҷ濴Źܣ˶סˡ
ҡԸ⣡
ΣʱˣѾˡҺţ㱨ʱðѹܵĻˡ
ҶЦЦҲû׷δĻһȥ
ǣܿҺ죬ϺЦĺ鲻ˣɫЩڵĿ
Һ챻ƵͷƤ飬СĵʵΣô𣿡
û
ۣܰ
仰ڹܵתת׻Ǳǵѹȥ
һܵò˽ɡ
ôˣôοܲˣ
ѵԼղŴʲô
Һ첻ףҲʣĿͶһԵҶѯʶˣתͷȥĶ죬ֻ˦Ĵζ˺ü¡
æҶҲûдţԼһС˵żЩ飬Ҫôǿ˿
ʵٲ˶ҶĴںɻ󣬿Ҷ洩Ų죬кÿҲڰĿ飬²ɻҲҳʡ
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ܣܲҵϴּ䣿
һ㶣ŷӦæϵԿ״ͳݸҶ棬ҵ鷳ص˵ѾǴŵԿס
ӹԿףԻСһԿףҶ濴ܣůůģǲǵôޱΡ
ʱڿ̫ƽɸ黹еģôĵİѼеԿ׶һʲôùĿء
ûжĻҶ涣һͲˣڼ°
ܵͷò˽Ҷ𲼰Ҳͳˡ
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򵥵һ仰ȴùůģǲԾ䣬ܿͻعûԼΪҽȨԡ
һ֪ҶҽԺҹˣŻúܣɫȻǺòȥˣ֪ҶŴһСʱߣ
˵˲ʲôģҶһǾҽĹ̫ˣһҲûУҪһԹһŹܵġ
쿴üݿĲˣܺãȻЩ֣Ҳĳûѯ
֪Ҷ治ڸңݸˣҽԺĿٱˣȻĵĸ˽ˡ
Žݣ쿴һɾ룬ԸоǴɨųϰġ
ͱƤ¯ӣϷúҶڴһȻְҿһ飬ȷûڣŽŴӲڵͶ
ʮĴ׷ĴóһһСȻһ
ζʮһһķţ׹桢̶桢һ
ҶҲ֪ϲЩһ㣬ұʱӦʳóԡ
ֽƤеļһʮҶгӶؿռ䣬Ѽķ˹ԭżֻʮǰʣµĶʮ˸룬ַڳ
ţŹǺ廨죬ﲻúĻһ¶ȣûбҲỵ
߲˲ͷţҶҲûõ̫ɫ߲ˣǰײˡܲϡϹϣʳйӦĲ˶һ㡣
СĲǰٱһһһóҲþҶһˣҪ˿ܱ¡
ЩӦù˰ɣҶ濴ϵĶһߴһŹ˳һ˰ɣ
ˣһ㡣
ڲѽͣȻͳĻͣ˺ıǩƿϵģһ£һ㣬ǻƿӡ
ղŷһ£ܼ˽ǵȴ϶УͲ࣬ԣ͸ɴóЩˡ
ЩһＸĲ࣬ɰڳһɲ١
һҪԷҶܷŵϵĶǽˣƿӷ̨ߣҲźã⣬ϴ˸ӷ棬鵽̨ϡ


85 ŭ

óˣôͿˡ
ܻʱҶ趼ϴˣȵһ
͹һ¥Ļиڵھӣһûһһ·ȿŵʱסڸڵھӻһţҪ֪˭ڹܼ
ſһ
ھӲûпˣֻּϵЦݣ͵óۣڹܼ
˻㰡
Ҳѷ˵ζһЩھᣬѾŵĸڣֿһԼķӣʱ
ǡ棬ЩģܾȵĿϵķˡ
ţ⳴ˮۡ㡢նкܲȹ
Ҷ˹һۣǡ
ѾڶˣϴҲôʣǻ
ƲƲ죬ҶֹҲɷҪҪ˯·ˡ
Ҷ治ˣæ˵ҾǾ̫ʢˣȻ󡭡
ʲô˼Ҷбһۣߵ⻰˼̫ʢԲĿ
ȻʵҪҪ˵ôֱӣ
ܣ
棬𲻸ˣҲ˵ҵ˼˵Ҳ˵㲻ЩǣҾ̫ʢˣȻ󡭡Խ˵Խң棬ЩͲˡ
ˣˣܷ᲻ʢҶҶ治İ֣㿴Ҳ֪ҲŻãϴϴͷˣЩġ
䣬Ҷ涢ŭ˵ܣҲôҾģҪҪԣ
ҪĻвæش
ߣ˵ţҶ滹вƵȭͷ´Ҿ㡣
߳ŭܵͷЦע⵽ı飬æںԺˡҲûʲôһͿ˰Ժԡ
ţ⻹ࡣҶȻĵͷ
Էɣ껹Ъһᣬ㻹Ҫϰء
ܵͷȥϴʱŷ˲ͬһˣʵ棬Щ
ġôģҲġҶڷǰָָ͸ʳĹӦÿЩҲ÷ˡ
żĶû취üģʣȥˣ
Ҫȥץ𣿡
±һ˫Ư峺ţȴҲܰѹŭȥ
㡭
˲죬ֲųһͱҶˣĻ˲һѹܵŭˡ
ܣҪҷ𣿡˵⻰ʱҶ̧ͷ۾գգ͵ģںڵʢġ
ε̾һ£棬ҲҪ㷢𡣿ǣôȥأôΣգһŮͬ־
˵һ£ƺôǣȻּ˵֪ڵ㲻ϰߣԺʲôң취òã
㲻ҲȥˡҶƺ˵ˣЩί˵
ǸˣܣΣգҲӦԣ㲻һ
Լȴ½Ȼ½ȻôտҶģȥôΣյĵط
һ뵽ܾԽûҶ뿪УίԺĺãҪȻԺ˻ŷӵ۸Ūף½ȻҲһܼʱá
Ҷ洹ͷôˣŮŮҲ٣ðɣĩʱ
УΪʲô뵽һץأѯʵЩͣﲻѹܰ˵棬𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷеѹʱһæҡͷֻ˵ѣ˵ˣ˭ղңҷš
ǳ˳飬ðɣղܲӦãҲȷԡ
ŪЩͲףŪķʢķˣһΪЩʵ̫Ӧˡ
ˣܱɴĵǸҲãҲӦġ
ŶԭղҰỻҶίˡ
ңǣңû㣬Ҹղţҡˣϻָص飬һ˲䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
֮ҲԣԺһע⡣ʹдԭңòã
Ҷڹº˵ʱѾˣֱţ͸ˣȻץŲţ󷽵ıʾԭ¡
ȴ˵棬ԺȥˣûУŸջعô֪أǴӵӰԺ˸š
˵»ŵǽһЩ˵ĺãó˾ˡ


86 Ҫ

ҶһԭҲˡ
ֻǶһ£ǲ飬ƲƲ죬ߺ£ܣ̶ҽ𣿡
ʲô
ʮŴǰͷ뿪ģҪȥУôͻܰѷʱϴϴͷЩ
Щһ룬ҲӦˣ˼ЦЦҲǣˡ
ĺڷмɲгҲҪСʱ
Щ
˵ˣģģġҶ棺ġˣܣԺעģǳԷɣ˶Ҫˡ
Ҫ˺òãҶҶ潿Թô࣬ҶҪˡ
ܿ˵ҲͲپˣ˵ˣҪСһЩԺȥˣʲô취Ū
ô棬ҶֻõͷӦ£ôģֻԼ֪ˡ
ţ⳴ˮۣҶĲ˶һЩһʼţôҶ治ԣԹԵûһ֪꣬ҽЦˡ
ԹϴȥˣҶǴһԵҳҶˮݲ衣
ʰҶŪһѶʱ򣬸Ϊֱ۵֪˵жٶ
ҽԺʱ½ȻҶ̬ȵת䣬ܶٲ²⵽ʲôңĴģҲͨ˼ң½Ȼôģ͸һļˡ
Ҷ
˵֮ǰܾͲ²⵽һЩôڸȷˡ
棬ӦңԺСһЩʲôҪ˵ҪԼòã
Ҷݲ裬֣µĶһ£̧ͷȥ˫ĿԼƺӦͲݵģǵͷţһġ
֪óôණܲɵɵûв룬ֻҪܲȥ½ȻͲᷢĲԾ
ôҶ½ȻһЩҲıϵݵ˫׿Ǻֶйϵˡ
ôΪΨһѪ˵ЩʳˣԱģѣֻҪУôҲŪɣ
ô͵ˣ᲻ԼŮ·
˵ﲻ֪Ĺϵ鶼ȥˣԣȻͷȻί˵ģҪȻǲԵء
ҶҲûкЩó¥üˣҽԺļԺүŲüˣĴҲ¶ڡ
ԹԴӦһﰲοԼҲִ֪ģҪȻôܶôΣգƽĻصƽǡ
ЩϵĸŪİɣ
ͷЩҪŪɲף֪ת˼֣˶飬ȻһԵõˡ
뵽ůůģ־òģ黹õĺãԺʲôãܽ鷳顣
ʰãϴ֣ɳ¡
ܲǲ֪ҲҶѶΪסУίԺﲻ㣬ɲԭʲôڹܿҶ׽ı֣ãԵҲܳһԷ
ҶܶŲ豭Ц⣺ܣЦʲô
ûʲô룬ʲôԵġɲ˵ԼǸҶᾭ
緹ų꣬ûеأôʲôˣҶ濴ĵô֪ʵǸԻء
֮ǰ˵ÿܵѽҽԺʵңҪôǼһߡ
Ҷ뵽ɿڣܣǲûȥʵˣ
⻰ùܶһ£һҶ棬ܵͷȻʵǾҲϽ
ûУûСҶæҡͷ룬ǲռ̫ʱˡ
𣿹ܵһʱ뵽Ҳûסʳ
ҶЩʲôʲôҾҽԺĻʿ˵ฺܿ̿𣬲ϰʱ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ʵæģҺʣ˼
Ҿ㲻ȥʵңҲһ档
ڿ֪̿࣬ܲҪôҶ˵ܶʱʵΪĲҪԼңʵﵷĵĺܶණʵʲôö
û˵㲻档Ҷε˵Ҿһѡ
ˣ֪ܲʲôʱģ綼ϰһЩΪϰˣɱ˵ǹ治ģζţǽǣᶼҪġ
棬ҴûоռҺܶʱ䡣ܿҶ棬һһ˵š


87 Ҫ

Ȼʶʱ䲻ɹ֪ԼϲҶʱ򣬾Ѿᵽ˲ͬȥӦԴġ
֪ҶЦˣЦĺܿģܣ㣬ֻ㡣
ĩǰ㻤ңҪˣôܲ㡣⻰˵ġ
գһ£žͿĵЦº͵ųͬõЦݣů
棬һỤ㣬۸ģҷģȻ⻰˵ɣɹ˵֣زˡ
ҶֻЦЦĺܿģ۾峺ЦݳĵĹâҫۡ
̶̵֪ҶĻӦֻ֪򵥵װ˶ٵ顣
Ϊ˱ܶ룬ҶĺоҪʲôȻĲҲûŹһоˡ
˼Ҷ治ЦǳԻˡ
ЦЦţҶ־ֶᣬôһԵˣĩʱȴǽԡ
Ϊʲô
ܣΪʲôʱͶôã
⻰Ҷת˼Ȧ׻סˣǰĩôȻǾͻóԵģá
磬Ҷ͹һ¥ǰҽԺȥ͹һھӡ
ھһҶǰһǹεĶɣ
ƯˣҲãôǵҽξҵôõĶ󣬶ô껹ǹһ
ע⵽ھӵı飬ֻǺͷ˸кװʲôֿŽȥңӺźҶ¥ǰͷȥ
ŲҪھлҶ˵أ·˵ҲУ
绹һ£ȻûʳÿܣֻҪҶ治ڣ;ǵּҶ͹һ¥ϵЦʱȻ
ۿϰˣ֪뵽ʲôת뿪ʮӺٻʱһĨâŵĲԼҡ
Һ컹벻ףǳпյʱҶ浽һԣѯ
Ҷʵ֪ţЦҡͷʾԼҲס
ʿ̫ˡ
ǺǡҺڨЦûоͺãҾԼʲô˹εˡ
Ӧòᣬǹϵ飬ֱӺ˵ġҶ氲ҲһʱˣӦ˽İ
⻰ǳ׵İҺ죬ʱ䣬ҺҲҶ̫࣬ؼǣָоڸ˿ĹƺְߺǷˡ
ᣬҺ췴ӦҲ֪ʲôǾҶͬ־ԳԴף
ƲƲ죬ҺֹΣһˣҪҪôճҶͬ־
ۿ°ʱԽһ˿ܻ꣬ûüȿڲ裬Ժ͹ˡ
ҽææԺЦǺǵһ
Ժﲡ˸ߣܺЦ
ԺЦǺǵĺ͹˵˼䣬Ȼ˵ԼĿġ
ҽҪ𣿡
⻰۾һʵҽԺʲôҪһҪ˳ԷҺҪ
һ˵ҪԺһ£ڣʡилᣬղŵ绰֪ͨˣҽԺҲ֪ⷽרңԣҽԺɳһ㸺ӡ
𣿡ʵ
Ժͷ
Ļ鲻ܾö𣿡֮ǰҲ֪ǻԼȥҶҲƵˡ
ûǣⷽרң֯ĿлŻ׶Σ벻רҵָңüġ
вĽѧϰҽҲ֪ǵҽˮƽȷ
ܴӻڴûһμ٣һΪҪ˳ԷԺҲ֪˶ԹܺҪǣйܴȥʡǻһЩ
ȥѧϰ׼죬Ŷ죬ļ٣úϢ㿴ô
ҽҲ֪㶼ˣͻȻҪȥʵڲʣǡҲû취ˡ
˵ϣԺ˼Ҫϯ
ʡ
ܵͷãȻǹҪȥ
ȻܾܾǼ̩ڣҲȥҲʲô£ϾƵʵǲлҵʱסҶ档
ԺܴӦˣһŶȥѧϰ
Ԫߺ󣬹üͷЩղڼҶʲôءҪǲڣͳԲķˡ


88 Һϲ

ҶȥϴּͼڣҺ˵ԺҲûţҺһûһ˵ŻȻҲĶԻ
Ժ֮Ҷ߽ȥһڷЦĿˡ
ʲôȥɣԷʲôʱܳԣѲɣΪҾһٷ𣿡
ǣǶ˵˵ġ⻰ûùܵüĲûչҶ棬ʣ棬᲻Զţ
˵ڹУ˿ûԥ˵ɾ͸ҶֻǾЩɰ
ᣡһúøһٺóԵģȻ㿪ٸһ٣ͺѽ
áҶ᲻ˣûвˣİοùĵ˲ûˣůůġ
棬ҿҪȥ졣˵ţͳһԿ׵ݸҶ棬ǼԿףš
Ҷ濴ݹԿףĿڹŵԿ׹Ҽϣһ̵Բ񻷵ʯϲˣҶһ۾Ϳóʯֵơ
ҺõĲһЩϽƼһĻЩĽҶͬ־֮ǰûƼǿģγûв˵ĿյԿ״ϸɫĹ׹
һʼҺ컹Եľһ£û뵽˽ϲЩȻŮͬ־һԿ״Ϲ׹һʱˣǸҶͬ־İ
֮ǰǿˣôˣǲͷ࣬ûڶҶͬ־ء
ҺֻԶԶһۣ֪ҵ׹ʲôҪ֪׹ʯҼǮƣͲֻĽܶҶˡ
ҶΪʲôҵԿ׸ң滹иֵƵʯԱڣҲ˻
ҶӹԿףܲɵﳤһޱȸԾ
Һ챾ͲҶǹܵĶһԿ׸ȻһӵĸǲﻹҲϻĶ˳ȥˣİŸϡ
˵Ҷͬ־ǹεĶɣȻû´
ʵҲ֪ҪûʲôҶͬ־β˵Źϰء
ҺŬСڸУ˵Ҷ棬ǹҲоˣԴˣܺ⣬ʿЩʶȤˡ
ƯҶЦ˵ܸԿףҶҲ⡣
ȻôϾ˵˲ʶá
ǣĩΪʲôնˣΪҪˣһѽŵԿʲô
䣬ѹϲãϲͺá
ҪԿ׺󣬹һֱ飬ⲻؼҳԷһԿףҲԥİʯҶȥʱ͵͵ĹҵԿϡ
Կ˳㣬ʵҪĿǸʯҶܾء
ղ״ǺֻܵйԼ֪ĳˡ
ûпĻܻǮء˵ʲôҶ۾һת˵
ܵͷûΪҶ⻰ʲôĸҵġ
㻹ҡ
㡣
Ҷԣ̵ģ֣صܣһúŵġ
⻰ֿ˻æĵͷš
ǡҶЦţһЩȻ˵ⲻĸϱİɣ
ܾȵ̧ͷҶ棬ıѾ˵һУô֪
״ҶЦЦ֣˵Һϲ
֮⣬һӣúñ档
ϲʯΪ۸񲻷ƣΪʱ˼ʯ塣
иϲˣϵϲõı鶼Ѿѹסˣһ´ǣûסĿˡ
ǣҿҰҺòã
ҶͷЦŴӦ
ʵܲ˵ҶҲôġ
Ҷ͹˵ʱһ칫¥Ľһ칫УԼʮͷ׵ͷĲ׷ŵϣǷɽٲˮ
ǰ˵ͷѵҲͷŭаֵԽԽ
ô£Ϊʲôڻ鲻ⶼˣˣ
ôʳںͨϸĸڳˣ

ټû£ѲɣЩ˻˲ɣ
ͷһͨƺ񫣬ץϵĵ绰˼룬ڶͨŭĶŻͲôµģ鶼첻ãǵûģŲûУûУҪҽô鰸𣿡


89 أ

ҸǣǺصģ֪֪
ôö֮ǽǣǻ鲻ֱ޴ףơ
ٸŪǳԲŶߣ
žһҵ绰
ͷϻŭǳ˼£ûסһ䣺Ǵ
칫ѵһԲͷĸˡ
ף˴뱭ĲˮƺѹһЩͷֶŰ칫˿ڡ
Ҫϵǡʳȫ⣬Բܳ桭
ˣǰȥɡ
ͷӻ֣͸أæ˳ȥ
ȵȣ½Ȼ£и㡣
½Ȼסתߵʱ򻹸оͬߡ
칫ʣһһ꣬ͷѾûиղŵķŭºѯʡ
ǸҶͬ־ôӦ𣿡
½Ȼã߲ûгʲôˡ
ǾͺãǲܵģҶ϶ǡ֮ĺҪ֤Ҷͬ־ʳǣǡǷҶҵġ
½Ȼɫ£˵ͷ
ˣҶͬ־ǲǻûй
ǵġ
ɲУоһ£ʵĸλ˵Ҷͬ־ʲôҲ̫СˣԺĸҲԸµµΪġ
ͷ˵ţϻһĨǣ֣صĶ⣬Ҫúоܳˡ
Ҷ϶ΪҶͬ־ȫô͸ΪҶͬ־ƽĶȹһǡǾͼǵԸɡҶͬ־һ㣬֪ЩҲûʲôõġ
½Ȼĵͷǡ
ǣҶĲ֪Щ½ȻЩɡ
ͷ½Ȼﻮܿͱ½Ȼ׵ԺˣķĻǺϴϸͨ⣬Ȼֹһ˷
ʵûеָһûʲô¸ŮȻҲ֪ⲻǸӡ
͵͵ϸҲŮͬ־ûǲʲôµĸŮڿһµû½Ȼǻ˵ֶΰˡ
û½Ȼ˲һܸɵģһϷֹУңٵˣϾô˸Ūˡ
ƫƫôˣǶ鲻ټֻ֪ϸǸũ帾Ů˵˶ûаǳĸŮҲûжͺƾճƾʧһּŭΡ
ΪһҪȥʡǣҪʰһЩԣҶûҽԺļԺ͹ܺһ裬һᣬͻУίԺˡ
ȻǹҶȥġ
ڶһ磬ڳеһҽ￴ܵʱǻһĨЦݡ
ŹܺҶһ°ಢ뿪Ҫж£ᣬݵܲοлҪ죬ѧϰһ죬ʱ㹻͹ܺúദˡ
ƺˣ͹ܣҽҹܲþͻ
ƽǾʡһСʱĳ̣ҽԺĴǲҲҽгģ˵һȥҪϼ죬鼮һЩȻͳķˡ
ᣬҽԺ·ߵȥʡǵĿͳҸվţһûһ˵Ż˹ܣϵ˷ܵı顣
ûҶڣܱ˵ЦˣǵĻȶû仯վһԣ¶˼״綼ƮԶˡ
ûԵҽʲô˿ܣûס΢ЦڣΣû뵽ȥʡѧϰӰ
ܿһۣͷǻӦ
Σвٵⲻףȵʡǣ鷳ոҺúýһ
Ҳȥѧϰģмλ̩ڣֲҰŪҽʱѧϰͻջġܻǲ̲
һԵǰˣΣôû㰡
ǰסڹ¥µھӣǰһڼԺܺҶΣҶУίԺʱ¥ô棬Ҷкġ
⻰ûʲô˱仯䣬ü仮ãģû¸ôʲôҲȥѧϰ죬ֲȥһصģҪ͡
Ҷ滹һ죬ǹ룬û
һһ𣬳ɹϵЦݿסˣʲô˼
ʲô󣿹ʲôʱжˣ
˵Ҷôء
Ϊʲôûзϣ
ѾϵĹܺǰûעݵɫ


90 ѼӲ

ǰǺһЦұҲҶģƫҪҲû취һ͹ˣˣϡ
˵һỰҽԺ󣬲˼£ߵġ
Ȼǰô˵￴ϵ̣ЦЦӦվӡ
ʲôǰЩףôö˶˵Լվء
Ҫǰϵı鲻̣ҪΪԼ˵ʲôˡ
ܣϵЦݶزסˣװء
ǰȤҲ⣬Ǻǵš
˵ģΣһΪҶͬ־Ҳءҹ˲뿪ɲٲôҲǲŰԼͻȥģڶҸĥ˺һᡣ
˵Ҷ棬ϵ˼֣ģҿɲ
İ߿һӹܱ
һۿϲĻͷ棬ôˡ
Ҷվ󼸲ԶôЦӯӯ
ô㲻ҹ
æҡͷ粽ȥԼղŻĵĻ׵Ժȥ
ûУûУҡҾ̫ˣİ
ǰһԿ͵ЦξѼӲӦվӰɡ
ûҶЦ䣬ȻЩͣ⣬Ҳ٣Ȼˡ
УίԺҽԺɲҪ·簡һ뵽֮ܿЩ
棬ʵɲعġȻ֣ܿġ
һԵǰ״Щ˵ΣҶͬ־ˣ˵⻰ˡ˶ˣú˵ϼ䣬
ܻû˵ҶЦ˵û£Ҳҡ
ǰĴùηӦæҶ˽ܡ
Ҷ档
棬ǶҽԺҽȥѧϰͬ£ҽҽҽҽҽ
ǰȺҶкҲеĺҶкݳһʼҶֵʱɫãܿ͵ϵı顣
ǺðҶͷӦ
ڳĲ˾Ѿɼҵģﲻ֪ô£ȻǴк˼ͲܺҶ˵ˡ
廰ţ˶˵ֺҶ˼Զһ˵ôչȥҲ̫ѿˣѹ뷨ʱ͹ദأ¡
ƺһûһ˵ŻһֱעŹܺҶǱߣĵҶôĸϹҲǲİɣ
ٲҲûãԼǲĴģҪˣ
Ҷ֪ڰʲôбԱߣҲ˵ʲô򵥵˵˼䣬໥Էչ˺ԼҪ̫ˣҪ䵽ˣȵȡ
ȣҸ׼ģųԡҶڹͣĿ϶ŵĲݸ
ǣ
ԵġҶûϸ˵˼
ʱ򿴵һģҶ;Լ׼ǶԵġ
£ɲʲôõ飬٣ûеģԼԼƱȫƱҪ֪طƱȫƱʮ͡
ϼҴڵأڼҲͶԸȥˣǳԷƱüͼû취ʡ㲻ԡ
ٳȥˣΪȫƱٲٳԣʡ˲ûС
ģ˻ڳʱӼһЩʲôģ˵ط˾͵ӪһݼһˣЩǲƱģԼʳôԸŽˡ
ЩôǶɾͲһˣʳ»ġ
ԣ𿴹һȥʡǣǼȻҪϼ죬ȻǴӼһЩʳȥĻˡ
Ҷ治֪һ¹ʶ٣ʳָҲÿ¶ġ
֮ǰĶϸûʳ֮ǰϼϸЩԵϸ֪˶Ʊ˻ġ
ԺҶ˽ߵʳһ㣬ǼٵĲŲӦû˹ܲٵƱȻܲ˶ʲôˣʳȷûʲôˡ
˴ʲôҶ治֪׼Ĳﶫɲ١
ţֽһţɣʮ켦нǹͷƻʮӣˣװͷмһװ⣬һװǽŹǡ
⽷ŹҶϲһˣвͬޱȣ˲٣ʱûԼͿϼ׼ĳʳʱҲװһЩ


91 

ܽӹʱĲȵˡ
棬⡭˵װʲôҲ̫˰ɣԱ˿ţһ£û˵
ҶЦҲ֪Ҫ죬ѧϰӦúۣһ㡣
˵ĻźܿԵóԵܺãתһ룬бڣô˵Ҳʡ
Ҷͬ־ģѹǹ㰤ءҽǸʮŮҽӶϳˣ˵Ҳûͬ־ô
ҶԿȥЦЦֿ˹һۣǴ֦ҶģչұȽ϶ࡣ
ܣһкܶûá
ҽЦŽӻƣ˵ĻŶ˼ˡ
ʱ۾һˡ̫ˣˡ
һæ棬һȥ˯һᡣ
䣬뵽ʲôֿڵˣҽŴæ̨·ˣҪû¾͵￴Ұ·˰
⻰ܲûѹԣ˶ˣݺһҶ涼ܼȥˣ
ԣ˼֮ǰȥΣҪȻҲԼڵʱҶ浽ȥҶ涼Ϥˡ
áҶûоܾ
ʡǵĳ£ҽҽʼԼߣžǰϳ֮ǰЦźҶкŹܡ
ΣʱˣҪˡ
ܵƳһۣҲû˵ֺҶ˵˼䣬Ĵߴ£һŲһϳ
ƱԱһҶûϳ˼Ҳ˳˳ѣǹϳţ˾˿㿪ˡ
һ˲䣬ҪҶһϳתһ룬ȥѧϰסͳһŵдҲȥĻס𴦵дҲġ
Ҷڳߺ뿪ҲûлشԺҽԺͷļԺȥ
ϡ
ݱڶϳһǰͷܺ͹һģϾһ·ϹȥҲһСʱء
֪ϳƱ˾ֱֱԽȥǰһˡ
ᣬֲֻԼǰͷź졣
ºһֱҽԺſڵķڳԶˣ·ϵҶʧջĿ⡣
ǰȤΣղŻ˵ȥһصģôأᰡҶҽһСӣ㿴ж಻ˡ
ҽҲһԴǻҵǾãθղǴҶͬ־Ҳϳġ
ûͷô뷨ġ
ǰȣа
ЦЦû˵ϵıѾ˵һС
ǰͷţͷֶһ£һĨá
֣֡ҽǺЦͳҶͬ־ĸ׼˳ĲζҶͬ־Ҳ֡
ǰĿŹܱڻĲʵΣҶͬ־׼ʲôŻٵӡ
ȻûпԹܶҶ˽⣬ĶĽۺ죬ҪСҶ׼Ķɲָ˳ԡ
ǣЦЦʲôֻҪ׼ģҶϲ
ݳͣϳʱλãҲ⻰װȤ˵Ҷͬ־ǲǺܺѽҿŲӦװ˲ٺóԵġ
ţͦõġܸɴĵͷ
£縱ʳ깩ӦĶﶼʲôóԵĲóԵģãйӦʱ͸ϽԴҶݵЦҲЦЦ
ҽЦʵΣҼǵҲСˣҶͬ־ʲôʱ飿ɱ˷ϲǰ
⻰ùסƺ뵽ʲôЩڵڻ֪ÿ˼
ǲ˼ݵȴһ˼ˡ
ݾãûҶʲôչһɨղŵĶϵЦݿ˲١
ߣҶᳵ·ĴҽԺСŽԺȻסĵԪ¥¥š
Կ׵ʱҶ濴ʯ׹ɵЦˣҲ֪ô룬ôʯԿ׹Ҽ
ţҶ̨ȥ̨Źصĺúõģû·ҶֵĹţٻشڷϷ
棬Ҫ˾ϢҰһʰˣ춼µģغţ˯
Ҷ濴ſּЦˣ֪ڣܲԽ·һˣ
УίԺŲҪɣ


92 Ż

ûйڣҶҹԺ˼֪Ҳ˵ʲôлġ
ȻҶ治ЩлףϾĩôעһҲӦõġ
Ųŵ㣬ҶҲûʲôҪǾڹܼȲ裬ӿռ˵ԳһӰԹ緹뿪
緹ȻǿռķˣɲԼѹܵˡ
Ҷ沢֪еôˣ½Ȼæļû¶棬ҲԼ֪չ˳
˳Ź֣ʳǴȥģǾװ磬ҲͷϾ׷鲻ԴͷʳͬûмǺţֻǸ
ЩҶϸˣԹ󣬶Ҳˣ׷׶ںڵһ㣬ҪҲˡ
ϸѵѽôõĵȼϸ׼վŪϵλҲУﺢ˵׵ʱݵʱȥӡ
½ȻѰҴϸĳʱùҲڣҶתҶ·һСԺӡ
ǷӣҶǲȥסģҲûǮӾˣϾռĶ̫ˣԺͻȻøʲôҲиڵĵطǡ
ź󲢲е˽Ҫģһֵ˽ܵȨڸǱģڷֶܾţ»ʲô۶ӡ
֮ǰ½Ȼѻڸ㶨ˣַҲ䵽Ҷ·Ҷ͸ɴ⸽ķӣԺƱʲôٷ㲻ˡ
˷ӺҶ춼ȥʰǱߴ磬ŻУίԺ
ˣҶ΢ȡ
½Ȼ˰
½ȻЦŻġ
ã㡣
ʲô£
½ȻȥסˡҶ治½Ȼ˵˵ţǴԺﶼְ쵼ڣһˣʵڲ㡣
Լһס͸סڴԺҶھӣˮǹõģ̫ˡ
ĲÿȥܿһĴƨˡ
Ҵƺֱ߽죬ǳҶ濴ҪŤжŤĩ꣬էһû취Ѹϰߡ
û뵽²Ҫ˵½ȻЩס
Ҷûʲô飬˵ҶˣҶ·
½Ȼһһˣһһֱ鷳㣬ͦ˼ģҰȥٺˣúԶٷ
ڴԺסĲģ½Ȼʵ
Ҷһ£ͷҡͷҲϰߡ
ھġ棬Ӧ½Ȼ֪ҶҪȥס򷿵ĵ磬֪ˡ
ǣ֮ǰСԺŵĶӵʱ򣬾˼⣬´ŵĲǶӣĳЩˣҶôԣ
ҶסҪ۵ĳ嶯̾һӦһһֱӦ½Ȼķӣ㲻һֱԹǱ߽ޡ
ûϵ
йϵҶ棺½ȻӦܲµǰʲôġҲҪǰһֻҪһûô˵ĻԺģʵסϰߡ
ȻҶû˵ĺףͱ鶼˵˶ҪסУίԺûʲôõӡ
ôᶨ½Ȼһᣬʵ棬ҪϰҪ
½Ȼ֪Ҷ͹ߵĽһ鵽Ӫ¹ӣһ鿴ӰҶ滹Ϲܼˡ
ҶҪȥΪܻ½ȻʱͬȥԼһ˿½ȻᶨԼΪİȫ롣
ʲô˼
½Ȼ̾һεı飺Ȳ˵֮ǰ׼СԺŵ飬˵ջںͬʬɡ
ţҶһȴǲĿôˣ綼᰸˵ȥѽ
¶ģ½Ȼˣ˵ǽ᰸ˣǣûô𣿡
Ҷҡͷʾסֹʲôֵģǲ۵ĸҪŶġ
ǻ˾ǳȥġ⻰Ȼģⰸȥˣ½ȻᲢһá
ңҶﵭȻ¶ȡ
½Ȼı飬ͷ˵ûж㲻ǲ֪Ҳ֪жΣպΪİȫ룬ʱҪżȥס
ҶǮ½ȻȻһ£һҶ֮ǰҲǸһ˵ŮҶ϶ϧŮľҶصĲƲҲ֡


93 һܲһ

οҶ·һ뵽½ȻҶ棬룬ȥûУ˵֮ǰҲ·Ｘεģǲûп
ƺо½ȻԼ˼һҶίַߺ޵ı飺ǣң½Ȼʲô
ҶҪˣ½ȻæοǣʲôǣЩ˲ôΪġ
ѵҾҪһס𣿡Ҷƺ̲סҪ𣬿ɶ½Ȼǵε󣬻ѹˣ˼Ҳǹⷢģֻǣֻǡ
û£㡣
ƨҶͷ﷭˸ۡ
棬ȲҪżǸСԺôҲ˵׼ס죬ˣٳȥס𣿡
ʱҰʰķӣңôӻûȫúãҶȥסѱ֤ǻһ򾡣Ҳͺѱ֤İȫ
˵ˣסڴԺﻹȥʳóԷԼס棬һֲջ𣬶ֲղ˵ģԼô죿
ǻɣϸںϣ˵ҲЩŪģĿҲǽҾ棬ǷϾ˼
Ҷش½Ȼ˵һ䣺֮ǰãţ󵨺׳˵ʱѾѾ޺ˣһأ
Ҷ̧ͷ½Ȼü룬ͷ½Ȼ׵˼ҾǾȥԹǱ߽ޣеࡣ
Ȼ½Ȼţ󵨺󴨵ΪҶڴԺסҶγûһ˼Ҷ滳ɣ½Ȼǹ߿˵в
СԺҶգ۵׵Ĩ⣬û½Ȼ˵СԺӣ½ȻղᵽԺӣ֤Ժ飬õ˷֤Ǳ½Ȼ֪ˡ
࣬ʲôģǻطסѡ
Ҷûз½Ȼ˵©һ½Ȼ˵ϻֲòǿѹı飬ĵԹ㶼֪һж಻㡣
½Ȼ˼İο˼䣬Ȼգȴûȥһ
֪ҶŤʲôԺˮͲǹõģû취飬Ժÿɱĺöˡ
ⲻ֪סڴԺ˲ҪأԺּңʲôʯߡƤľ壬ķӶȥˣͱˡ
Щ˵סУίԺĿɾĴԺһֱ顣˵סԺˣٶǻصλġ
Ȼ½Ȼô룬û˵
֪ҶǰǱźģס¥ׯ԰УίԺסŻǱŤˡ
һ͸׼㣬˵ղŵ󣬾ͳŵģ洫ˮ˵Ҷ治ÿʱ䶼֪ʱ䵽ˡ
ˣԷȥ½Ȼѯʡ
Ҷҡͷûθڣң˵㣬Ҳ
½Ȼ״ֻöˮݲ衣
Ҷ澪ȣ½Ȼ㲻ȥԷ𣿡
ûԼʳõҲ֪ʳõ˷͵ȥҪȥˣиʲô˵׼ˡ
żԾȥ˵飬Һһȥ
˵ţԾˡ
½ӣˡԾһͶ½Ȼ˳˵ţźҶкҶͬ־þò
Ҷ΢΢һЦԹá
½ȻӹԾĶһºͷݸҶ档
ǣ
㲻ǴҿҲϲ飬Ҿ͸Ѱ˸ͼݵĹѾˣһȥְͺˡ
½Ȼ䣬һԵԾ͸˵ĽӻҶͬ־½Ϊ˸ҹ飬˺üأˡ
ļô˵Ҷһ£Щ޴Ŀڣ½Ȼң㣬Թ鷳ˡ
Ȼ޴ǱݳģҶȷм½ȻʱĹһܲһӣͼݵĹУҲŪģ֪½Ȼ˶ˡ
Ҷ˵νʹȲ˵ʳŪ˲Ǯ˵ʹĳԴö֪ˡ
ǣ֪˱ϾԣиҲͦãٶס˴󲿷˵ˡ
ԾҾȥȡļѣ½ӷĵģҶͬ־лңҪлл½Ӿͺá
½Ȼ֣ĻͲ˵ˣҲֻЩˡ
⼸׷ʳ֮࣬⣬˼ȥòͼݵĹҪһЩ
鼮ҲӴģ׳죬ԽÿԣϱȥȻûˡ


94 ҵ

˶ٶ֪ҶҲڶ˵ֻˣôҪллǡȹʱ䣬ҺúǳԷ
ԾЦЦ½ȻûܾԼҲӦˡ
˵˼䣬˳ԷȥˣᣬҶſʼϸϸĿļ
Ķ˹ݺһЩעȻְλĸ
ͼݵĹԱ
⹤ͦеģʺϡ
Ҷ汾ԹûʲôȤ½ȻŪȷܺæûôҪ򽻵ͦõġ
ףйʳָϸ
ҲϰÿʮʳϸʳָǲǣҶ˵νֲĿÿ¹ʳ
ʣһʮǮԱôô
Ṥʶǰյȼŵģѧͽʱʽġ
ɲֺͻĹʲһ
ҶҲŪףԼ˭˵ţһǮɣʮʿ
ʮһ¡
Ҷ濴űг˼Ƿֺ֣ܶʲôһͼݹԱĹֲҪôôߵĽ
Ū
ͷɲŪһϲ֪ʾأ˶Կ
ͻȻҶ뵽ʲôĿǶʮǮ֣̾һ
Ĳɣ
һһٶʮǮɲͶʮǮô˵ͻŮÿ¶ʮǮֵ֪ǲֵ
Щ½Ȼģ½ȻٸŪûоѯ˼Ҷ˵ʲô
Ծܾû취ģʱڣҲþǰȵҶҹŮݣޱȣοʲôҶ˭
Ҷ淢ʱ泳ӵԽԽ
Ҷ棬ҳ֪
ã飿
Ҷ淭˸ۣĶ뵵ƿ˳ȥ
˴ʳóԷˣһЩڼ￪ˣ˿ɲ٣Ằʱ򣬱վڸ˶ĸ
ŭĶԼˣҶ治ˡ
ָ£𣿡
㻹װҶװ޹ĲһҶ棬Ůͬ־Һԩ޳ģĳôôأ
Ҷ۵׻һĨͣ㵽˵ʲô
ѵֿŮͬ־ЩļͥŮɲһǿֵˡ
㣡㻹װ㺦˸ģ㿴ҵˡָԼίҶ滹һ赭дӣҵ
ˡҶһµĺ㵽˵ʲô˼
Ȼ֪ûɥʬٳӵĻٴʲôΣգҶǲϲ˶ģµĻ
µﷳꡣ
˵ҶˣһԵҲĻŪĪ˿ڣָ£㵽˵ʲôʲô£˵Ǵġ
ǰһҶͬ־Ҷͬ־ʲôϵҶͬ־Ȼڻصλϰ࣬ҲΧ˵½ӳģǽס½ӳķӣʲôˡ
ң㡭ҭסһ뵽Լ͹˲ϲ˼ˡ
֮ǰ˵ϴ·ϴҲѧ㣬ǣ㿴ҵҶ˶ٸˡȻƵĵƹ£ϵĺɫԣһţǳƬ
Ҷ滹ô첻ʲôϻôһﻹ֪ô¡
̲ס﷭˸ۣʲôʱϴ·ϴˣʲôʱѧˣĪ
Ҷ˵أΧ۵ͼһˣԣҲǣҵҲˣƣƣѿҲҵҽҩѡ
ҶһסڸڵĲţֲ죬ǾⲿſЩ˵֡
һҲ˳ˣ׷׶Ҷ濪ڣҶͬ־ҵҲϴ·ϴϴġ
Ҳǣϵĸ񣬶ѿѿ˵ģ˿ڱͺõϵĸ񻹲֪Ҫòȥء
ԭǻǲأɼҶÿ糿ϴõҲͷ
һʼֲʵʱҲģ룬ǲϰߣϴϰˣ֪ȻԽԽˡ
ҲʣҶãƤ⻬ϸۣȻˣһּҲˣγѡ


95 ʲô

ϻٵĳƬĺҶЦǹˣ˴̼ĶϴʲôӦȥҽԺ
ѽҶͬ־ʲôǲӦȥҽԺƤưһ԰ǻ
˳һۣҪ¡˵ҾȥҽԺˣ֪ôµġҶͬ־ֳģӦ⳥𣿡
̲סڣҶͬ־ʲôϵ
һԳųµس¸µ飬¸»Ǳĺá
˿ţûбˣΪʲôҪ죬ûе۸Ҷͬ־
֮⣬˶۸١
᣺˭۸ˣǶ²ˣϳ˸񣬻֪ҪǮܿãѵӦ𣿡
һʼ᲻˼֪ѧҶ棬ֻԼ͵͵ϴÿζ첻ȥˮˣҲǴˮϴģôҲû뵽ԼǵҶƤôãϴˡ
ǣҲһԵͷĵҶ棬ǹ˼½Ȼͳȥ˺Ҷˡ
Ů˭ƫƫΪҶ棬ԭùȥڱ֪ҪǮ֪ܲܿãôһ룬˿ҶĿֺ˼֡
ңҶָԼЦˣʣôֳˣǰǵȥϴ·ܽӴ𣿡
ǿаϴ·ĨϣǲҪϴ
⻰һΧۿֵЩ̲סЦ˳
ҲһԵͷЦ˶ĵҶͬ־Ҳǵģ˶ˣͲܺú˵
㣬㣬ô˵һŮҶô˵Ļ˵ˣ㻹ûˣ㣬ôҪҪ⳥ǡ
һŮҲæԣ㲻ãǿҽǮ⳥
˵꣬Ҷ淭һۣĴĻǲǻҪ⳥ǵľʧ
ʧ
ûоѽ
Ů⣬˿Էֿ򲿳ţĿ䵽ϡ
Ǹ£Ҫ˶Ҳ֪ʧʲô˼°͸߸̧뵽Լڵÿջ̧ߵ°ͣûҶͬ־Ҫ⳥ǵҽҩѺ;ʧѡ
ûУҶնʲôʧѶûСûϵΪʲôҪ⳥ǡ
ôûϵˣ㡭
ȥĻҶִϣߵҾˣʲôʱ˵ϴ·ϴˣ
ôûˣÿá˵һͻȻסˣˣ˵Ҷϴ·ϴԼš
ɵİǰɣѵԼŪˣ
ȻϣѾôһˣͷβҶ涼û˵ʲôԼȡЦȻʹԼϴ·ϴġ
һţܿͷʵѵҶͬ־˵֮ǰˮϵĻǼٵ𣿡
ǣǶǻˡŮҲæڡ
λϴ·ϴǾҶͬ־ĻĻŻġ
ҲˮҶͬ־ϵĸºͼɣҶͬ־ϳϣǸ֤һϿҵĶΧ˵š
˵ͷһϲҶĿǼᶨҶͬ־ôƱҲûõģ˵˾˵ˣ˵Ļóˮղȥ
Χ۵˿ʼ˽еʱˮ˵ͷվ
ûҶͬ־˼ȷϴ·ϴˡ
ǰҶͬ־Ҳˡ
Ҳˡ
֤һҶɨһۣȷˮˣţֻǵʵ˵ʲô
㲻ǵˣôܲǵأ˵ˡǰҾôϴġһ˵æѹĻţҶ滹ϣæ
Ūģ϶Ҷ˵˵ģҪȻָôҲءԣҶĴ
ǰҶͷ˶¶ϲһʱҶһ仰ݺ˦һ⡣
˵ôһ仰Ҵͷβû˵ϴ·ϴ⻰ǵͬ־˵İɣҶ濴򲿳š
ǣͳôϴġ
Ҷûס¶׳յĿ⿴˵˭֪ϴ·ֻϴ·ǳʶͬ־˵ʱֻ㿪ЦûлӦ
ӦˣɲҶôȥ϶˵㵱ǳôϴģͼƱ硣


96 

ҶҡͷҿûнƱ硣Ҵͷβûгϴ·ϴָ£㵱ʱҲ˵ϴ·۲ϴģ𣿡
֮⣬Լ֪ϴ·۲ϴôϴˣ
ңһǱƻˡоԼϣĿڲڡ
ҹƻ㣿ҶǺЦһҾˣԼ˻òõĶϴϴˣ㲻ȥҽԺʲô
Ƕˣѵ𣿡
԰ô
Ҷͬ־ҵҲ̫ˡ
ָҶٴη˸ۣʵ˵ôϴ˵ϴ·ϴҴͷβûгϹϴ·ϴ
ͬ־ƤõʱëѹϴʣǲôϴģҾͳˣϰϴëᰴѹǺҵһĨ¡
ëĨעϵƤôֲڣƣǳҵϴʽǴû˵ϴ·ϴ£𣿡
Ҷ⻰õʱˮ˷׷׻ֵȷǺҶ˵һҶһֱϴͷβû˵ϴ·ϴ
ǻˮҲûϴ·ϴͬ־ϷҶ棬Ͼͬ־ڼԼ˵ݣԴԺһЩŮġ
˭Ҳû뵽ϷҶͬ־󣬷Լʹϴ·ϴˣ˼Ҷͬ־ǻüˡ
㣡ͲġסˣعָҶֶˡ
ҶεĿָ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôźúõϴԼҲ˵ϴֻѽҼǵ㵱ʱңʲôζš
һѣζġ
ԡҶԳЦЦȻᣬ˵Ҳ֪ô͵͵õϴ·ۣûëǮϵָ£ͦصģǸϽҽԺɡ
԰ָ£ͬ־ǸϽȥҽԺɡ
ǰϲã㿴õĺá
ȥɣҪȻ˿ô졣
Ūˣָǰֵûʲô˵ˣԱ߷׷˳Ȱš
ȻҲ˾ҶҪһΡ
Ҫϸϸ˵Ҷȷʲôû˵ָԼ̫࣬ҲԼõϴ·ϴҶйɣ˵û˵ʲôѽ
¶ָֻĸùˡ
㣬ҵţῴﲻ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûãĳҶ涪ºݻתܡ
Ҷһʲô£Ҳû˵Լϴ·ϴԼһЦңһԼ͵͵ã˷ͷңҺ۸
ʵҶ滹治֪ϴ·ϴϾͷβû˵иʶҲõѽ֪õﾹȻָһڼĻ֪ʶӡ
룬Ҷ涼̲סҪЦȻĸŮԶѲ˰ԡ
˲ģ֣½ȻûҾҶôһͣҲռֻǿŭͲ뿪ˡ
ôˣ½ȻʱÿԺҶһۣɢղſˣĲ˲Ծ
ҶȻôһ־￪ģȴ¶زסίĿһۣûʲô
½ȻţҶѾˣŲ˵һת˸ڵھӼ¾ͰѸղŵ˽ˡ
½ӳҶͬ־ʲô
½Ȼ飬⻰Цһ£Ҷͬ־ɲҶͼݹ
һҪȥְˣ˵Ҳ޷ʡĴԺһЩˣ˵Ҷʱл
ͼݹôסҶͬ־òǵλûַӰɣ
ƳİˣһԼýܸ½ȻǰЩ½ȻҶŮͬ־ƯˣҲãס½ȻķӣԼûϷˣ½Ȼ˵Ƕ˼ֻˡ
½ӳҶͬ־ôסķӣǺӰҶģڽûʲôܲܽˣڵްɡ
żûʲôӰģҷҲû󣬸˵ˡ½ȻЦЦ
˵ûסô̸飬һ˵ʣ˵иӣ˵˾þǳŷȥģáҪ˶󣬹½ȻԼżˡ
½ȻڵķӸ˱סҪҪҲǺ׵ģһͼݹŮͬ־½Ȼ̧̧־ѹȥˣҪֶûط֡


97 Ϊ

ôһ룬¾͸ż˵ˡúúú˵һ˵С
½ȻһᣬƳֻ̺뿪
˵Ժ죬ŮҲİҲڴԺϰģԼϱֳ˼Ҷͬ־鷳ֱǸǶ
֪ҵ˹˷ųߦȶ˵š
Լᣬ˳һʼʹ涼ҧˣҪȻԺ֪ɾûˡ
Ȼͷ޴ܣϱǳ£˭Ҳ뱻֪ˣЦ
½Ȼţ洫ƿӽȥ
Ҷд̨ǰŵ½Ȼ״̾һ棬û°ɣ
Ҹĸԭ𣿡Ҷ治ʡ
½ȻͷӰˣʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
㣬棬鶼ȥˣڰ⻰½Ȼ˵ĺǿն飬˭ûа취Ȼɣ
֪ˣ½Ȼû¡
ղŵ飬㶼֪˰ɣҶΪʲôڴԺסԭˡ
½ȻҲ֪Ҫô˵
̫Ưˣֲ˵ǲӦԭ򣬿˲֪ȻԽӽᱻ½ȻϾҶļˣ˵Ҳʶһ¶ѣЩ黹治֪Ҫô˵
ҶȥЩͥŮҳ˵ԣ½Ȼֻһˣⲻ
ҪϰˣҲͲҪЩˡ
һû£ȥְɣ
ãԼԵġҶҡͷܾ
½Ȼ˵ʲôɼֵͷļϵĶһ˵ӣֻ̾һ䣬뿪ˡ
ȥ·ϣ½ȻҡͷԭΪ˹ῪĲ٣ɸղƺˡ
ѾܸĲĴˣ̸ʲô߲⣬Ϊİȫ룬ҲѭҶ϶ϵԸ˵͵ƽǺõġ
ҶҲǸпһ¶ѣ˭֪ԼȻòռ˵ĹŮݲãҲΪδıĹﵲ˿ֵܳΣա
鶼׵ˣֻҶ֪Ų١
ˣˮڣСһЩֻҪ˺ǰȫġ˵ˣͷβҲû˵Լ˵Ѫ϶ѡ
˵Ҷ½Ȼõ￴˲ٵĶ֪½ȻϻˣҪȻƾ½Ȼһˣܸ貹һЩϺ͵
ʱϺ͵˿ϵĶˣοУӹһЩټҪأôҪصĲ貹롣
ϣҶ濴Ľζã˲ٵ顣
ԶԶأݻǲһ㣬һƺ˭Ҳ׶ˡ
һϣҶϴãͼ½Ȼڵˣһ£˼Ҳûܾ
ʳóԹ緹Ҷ½Ȼͼȥˡ
ɫķƶ˴ʱ˶ӵеһгҪгƱٻûСٿǮ˶ģƫƫҶر𲻸ð
Ŀռʽĳɲ٣Ϊĩ׼Ĺߡ
ſռеطͶյ뷨սռгҲȶ˴ܺöˡ
½ȻһİѶ˴ҶҲþܾƨɵгܡ
ûסҶֿˣ½ȻʵԼԵġֲǲȥ׶԰СѣҪ͡
֪ԣиҪȥͼݰ죬˳·ȥ½ȻҲ֪Ϊʲô뵽ѹ飬Ͼ͹ʹһˡ
ͼǱߣȥȥԣϾλѾŪҲ˲۵鷳½ȻȥһȦ
ƽǵͼȻʡǵͼռ󣬿Ҳмͼǰˡ
ͺռ󣬾и߿ƼеͼݲͬһשϽ㣬㡣
ְͼݺĺשС¥¥һ칫ҡ
½ȻͰ칫ĹݳĺѣҶѾֲˡ
½ӳþò˰
ʵ̫æˣⲻҪڰ飬վ͹ιݳˡ

Ҷͬ־ɣȻΪģѧôߣܵͼҲͼݵҡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦιݳˣ﹤ҵҲǣϣԺʲôĲλĵطιݳָһŬѧϰⷢȡ
ʱڳõĽҶ˵Ĳô˳Ϲǳǳ΢Цιݳ֪һЩȻ⡣


98 

ιݳЦĸˣͬ־Ҫͬ־ѧϰС
ĴѧѧأĻִݻһ㡭
һҶ֮ǰʹ½Ȼù֤ϣֻҪǩ˼ļȻιݳóӡϺ£ļյãҲˡ
ιݳһˣܣҶͬ־Ƴһţãһûʲô飬ȥתһת˽һ¹ĵط
ƳǷֵǿҵҶ¡
ðҶ¡
Ƴá
˵ҪŮͬ־һڹݳ칫ǲŰְԱ߻иƷĹڣףЦӦˡ
½Ȼºιݳ˵ҶҲǵϰˣǺιݳл󣬺½Ȼк뿪˰칫ҡ
йˣҶϼŵļ̳˵統һͼݹԱҶ治ЩЦֵĸо
ֱ쵼Ľ£Ҷ˽ͼݵְϵݳµɨ̣ĿǰһʮˣԱ࣬Ժ͸ڵĻֺһʳá
ҶĹְ鼮˵ƽʱûʲôĻеӬ֡
ͼһЩǷڵҵģҶŸȻûʸȥҲû˵ֻһԹ
Ҷ˼ЩӦúҪɣͼݣЩĴǶ̫ˣ
Ҷ£İ칫
ĻҶعЦõģллƳ
Ҷ²̫ˣԺһ£ѧϰͰЦš
ͼݹ˿ʮˣʮи˳ӣҶͬ־ɲͬˣȻĿҸµͷȴҲһˣ֮ż֣ദͦõġ
һϰ࣬ҶϰְƳ˻ڰ칫һᣬʱҲ͹ȥˡ
ڸĻֵʳóԵ緹һͷ⡢ײˡ
Ҷ滹һ£˵²Ӧ𣿡
һദҲҶ治ദˣǸ˼򵥣ƽϵˡ
ǸʳûӦصλʳôÿ¶ҪԵģǹ涨
ҶȻĵͷЦЦּһ߳Էһ
磬Ĵ£Ҷȥ˲ٶʲô´ɲװֽŸֱʺīˮסëֵͲ
Ҷһһզ࣬ϸ࣬⸣Ӧ
ֲ˶йԺÿ¿칤ʣʳӦ˵ж⸣Ӧȱʱ򣬿ɲǼԴˡ
ǰ´ɷأǰȡˡЩźĶҶ˵
ҶЦûϵԼзء
翴ҶⲻģЩΣɵﰡԭûУǸҲû˵ʲôִҶˮͰȥ
һϰ࣬ҶͼǵԼߣȻ춫ˣڻʲôûɡ
ͼҶ·ǺԶ·Сʱ°ʱҶûشԺ˷ڰ칫ȲõĲ׺дּ¼ıīֽţĶҶһԵĴԼСԺ
˵СԺʵҲǴԺӵķӣƸСĺԺҶ·ߴ඼ĸֵСԺ
ԺӲȴͦģԺһŶʮ׸ߵĴǿԺȲԲʯʯʡ
Ժ߸һӣԺŵǸݣһԷǳұϴּ䣬һһһһϴּ䡣
Ҷ浱ǿеĴϴּ䡣
˶Ҷϴ֣Թʰˣţ뿪
Ȼϰ˺ûʲôֵø˵飬ҶһʱҪ͹ܷ⼸ʡǲμʲôʲôεģûлǾ̵ߡ
ѾءͷҲûֻϵǲ㡣
Ѿٲã·ϵĵƾҪˡ
Ҷԥһ£ѡ񴩹ͬƹ֣ܽʡʮӵ·̡
㡣
￴С١ʱҶȾֲ֡
ôͼǳģǶɲ·ҪҪһСʱ˵ŲСˡ
Ҹմӻվ·ÿڽߡС١ЦôǶأֿ죬˽һأҰöˡ
Ҷһ£ʶ˵֮ǰ˵˲ʲôҰø𡣡
ǣ˵ҪҰõİҰúܺó԰ϲġ


99 

Сϱ棬Ҷһ£ȴû˵ҲҪҪҪ˻𡣡
ģܰҰöһ죬ɵ
׷ǹʵģûҪġ
Ŷ֪ˣ㣬ǲǲϲҰðø´ץҰҰҲܺóԵġ
ҶҭסҪĳɶ˫ʱĻȴôҲ˵ˡ
ʲôҲԡ
˵ʲôҶ֣˵ˣøκζҲҪˣϽȥɡ
ã֪ˣǽҲȥ
С١˵꣬æ˵ˣ㣬ȫû²Ҫȥˡ
㲻ǲŴǻ𡣡вȫҶ˭ǼǵС١˵˸ղŲŴӻվǱ߻ġ
ţȻпûʲôǶ˲ˣѯϸҸоЩ˲ˡ
С١ͷһ£˵ҹƣǷʴӵˣڵʲôġСںл죬ģĿɲ٣ЩģЩĴ̽Ϣģһһ׼
ҶΪС١ĸое˼飬ǲǷʴӵҶ治֪֪ȷڵ϶ͨϸ
ÿ춼ȥУ
С١ͷ
ҶüȻ֪̫ƽΪʲôҪȥ
ҵĽ㰡֮ǰû漸ҲûҾȥϿС١Ȼ˵
Ҷ⻰һӲ֪˵ʲôˣףСƨΪʲô׽ʲôͼ˵ʲôҪģ
Ҷô룬ĩûо޷Ǹεңε˾ġ
ǰһõĿ߲嵶һͿͱĩΣղɥʬ޴ģߵ࣬޹СֻҪѡ
Ҳþǰȫǵģ鷳Σղ˵ġ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôҶĬ󣬿ڣû£ԺҲȥˡ
⻰лС١ЩģҶƺô˵Ҳûʣͷǽȥ·עⰲȫˡ
һ¡Ҷ˺ס
Ĳѽͣܿһļݹȥ
С١һæҡͷҲҪŰɡһļɲ٣˵ʮɡ
򼦵ҪƱҶҪƱ֪Ҳϡռ֮ܶ࣬ǰںһЩأԻһú͡
룬̫ණҲ鷳ʳԺ˵
סУίԺ˸湤λ˺öˣҶҲûٷ˫ְһӵǼﺢӵ·Ǵ˵·СȻ˲Ӳġ
вٻǹϼҵĵֽϸĸ׾ݣڳϰȴҲҲϼֵܸŪʳڳһСġ
ϻšҶС١ЩģûȥźԣСһ㣬ɱˡ
͵֮ǰһ㱨ɣȻҶ沢ҪǾȡ
סڴԺҶ˵Ĳ㣬Ҳһôǣܴ½ȻǵõһЩϢǵù˱Ҳ½Ȼ˵ġ
Ȼ½ȻǻҶ˵Ҳעⰲȫû뵽ҲҶԭڡ
İӲ֣ҲûУرǻĽҰ룬Ƨ˵ĵطûҵȷǳ켣ںеĶӣȻιŲˡ
ʮҶ治ʲôɶԱ˾ͲһˡС١ֲסĴԺôҶҲ֪ԾͶĶһ䣬ãС١ôͷԣ˵Ҳġ
С١ŻһֿѾת뿪Ҷ棬䶯˺ü£͵˵лл㡣
Ҷ治ûĵлŲͣͷҲأͺûһ
ҶŲڵӿռŪģĲ󣬱ϾܲճƤתһΣԾ׵ķ˸á
ⲼʱĿɲһǺᳫĻƵĲʽ򵥺ÿãҶ浱Ϊ֧Ŀ˴Լٸͬͼģû뵽ڵˡ
ģƺǣʲôϲ۶С۶װĶҲһҶԺװܲúϴǵ˼ʮãȻȼ֮
ʳļһõѹżһһ֯ģҶμʱ򣬻ȵĶ࿴ۣòϣԽȱʱǵĴԽǿ


100 治ǻ

ҶصԺʱѾߵˣû취·أҲ첻ȥ
½ȻڣҶҲ֣к´ˮϴ֣Űˣҵһȥ
棬ԹûУһϰ࣬оôɲ٣ϻҪֵ࣬Ҷϰ಻ϰߣˡ
áҶ棺һѶõԺȥˣĽһЩ
ˣ½ȻûʲôҪģˮˮͰëʲôģøá˵⻰ʱҶЩΣ֮ǰҲû뵽ῴ½Ȼġ
½ȻЦãʲô㲻֪Ҳȱ
оҶûʲôų뷨ƺ黹һ
ô˵ҶҲͲ˵ˣ½ȻȷʵҲȱʲôճҪõģﶼС
Ҷסڣ˽˵ĶӿռȡջȥģҲûʲôõġ
ٻЩģ½Ȼ룬ڶ棬Ҫڵλʲô˳ĵģԺ˵ȻιݳҲԡ
֮⣬Ҫ۸㣬ֻܸҡ
½ȻģҲСˣһӦġȻŵһ죬ҶͼݵĹΧǺܼ򵥵ģϾǺ鼮ϴ򽻵Ҫ
½ȻЦЦǾͺá
ҶѾԹˣ½ȻҪֵ࣬˼뿪ˡ

֯мԺǽźӸǵƽ
ԺС࣬ס˿ɲ٣һ伷һ䣬ٻǰԭȵķӲ˶ǽȻֳָ˼ҡ
ʯߺƤľʱסڴԺǳ
С١·һļڻϵģ˭Ҳ
ԺӣҲͣԺһյƵĵݵĵƹ£ܿҴ̨͸ֱߣԼǰƿš
Ժסʮ˼ңһס߰˿ˣٵҲˣȻС١СΪ⡣
С١ʱҶѾԹȥˣģ˭ҲԸţԷ£ҲʡĿ졣
С׾С١һԺ󣬱ôˡ
ȻС١һ飬겻󣬳ȥģСģǲܵġ
ţ磬֪ġ
ƺӣСͷһæʣôˣˣ
ûСС١æҡͷʾŲ۲ϣŰԼﱧһ·ļСĵó
ģСü⡣
С١Цģҽˡ
ܵ˵ûͷûβСȴ˼С١ЦôĵĺģҲֻˡ
˵ԴǴξû𡣡ǻС١Ұȥ˳֣뵽С١ʮǮ͵ҰõǮˣҲûֹ
쵽ĵ˻˻ǳȥңҵıᶼȴֵȵĵܵܡ
һʮĺӣҲʵҰ綼ˣɼж䣬С١һֱߣֱҹˣϵĵƶˣʧİѶҰôؼҡ
ڶּȥȡ
һ춼ûȵˣС١㶳ˣС׾ͶҶˣ黹û֪вȫС١ȥѰҪϢ
С׸ˣɵܾܵǿҲֲ죬ɽȥˣûС١ڼҾֳ֪ȥˡ
ȵܻܵݺݵĽѵһأͼЦǺǵͳһļ
СˣãӣҪ˵ʲôܵ׼Ҫˡ
ţģҼģҴ˺͸ԡС١ûж˵ɴϿĵЦС￴ܵܶҪ˻ˡ
һļֿ˿ܵܿĵЦС׳Ĭ˼ӣ˵ȿɽѰҰʹţʱͻȥ
šС١һæͷҲôģһֱŽĶҲøһЩԵĲųɡ
˵ҰӪһЩҲá
С١Ϊʲô
ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲôС١æоܸоǺˣҵֱң㲻˺ǵġ
磬ҲûʲôͼģңĲǻˡ
С׳Ĭһ£ͷû˵⡣
Էɡ
磬Ǽ
С룬ŷԸģų˵꣬żŵȱڵõˮˡ
С١ļȥղŸߵĸʣʮء
ʣµļСĵķŵȥСԿ׹ڲϣźá


101 Ҳԣ

ԿֵһһѣʲôʳҪȥģҪȻġȻҲͰȫˡ
źʣµļС١ſʼϵûôȱڵϲ˸ɵعϸࡣ
һС̲ˣܲɣģǰһ飬һ飬ʣˡ
Сײʮ꣬ڼҾ߳ѧͽһ¹ʶʮ˿ëǮתʽ󣬻߿壬ʮ飬תðء
ʳָǲȵģж٣С˶һûĴ˱ϳеĴʳָ٣ϳеĺϸеʳָҲǲһġ
Щһױ׼Ǿı׼þһЩģ磬Ҷġ
С١ÿжʮһʳָ꣬Сϵжʮʳϰּһʮ
˶кӣʱֶǳԵʱÿʮһʳÿϸƱ˴ƱҲͶ򼸽ɴϡò˸һųԣ˻ǳԲġ
ȻС׾͵͵ɽȥԣżҲץһֻҰҰʲôģֻǮΰ͵ƷúʲôģƱȥʳټ黨ҲͲˡ
⻹С١пվȥ𣬽ʡշúˣҪȻܸǮ
ӺСĨˡ
𿴲ĸղžߣһ뿪һתٻļͲˡ
ˣʱҲˣ˷˯
Ҷľһˮ󼦵ԺǴǵ󼦵
ÿ۵ĵףɢżеζªưܵĪ˸öˡ
һ
С١ҡͷҪһ
СҲû˵ͷ˵࣬°˵ɽϿһû±ܡ⼸ȻҰҰζõȥҲ̡
ˣһôһΣѶùȥ̾͸ǮǱʲôˣȨҲڣôʲô
֪첻ȥˡ⻰С١˵ĸС
⻰Сŷ
ﻹʣһЩϡһףҲ͸ɾˣ꣬ܲɻʣ롣
ԺˮˢϴûգϴĸĿ졣
ֵˮϴţϴ壬Ϩ׼˯
ĴļӴС˯棬С١˯棬ȥʱ򣬴֨ѽ֨ѽ졣
Ƥ¯Ѿˣúﻹůͣůֹͣ˼仰Ҳ˯ˡ
ڶ죬Сϰˡ
УίԺߣҶҲһʰãϲϰȥˡ
˰칫ңƳûݮڲģһһţ̲ݮһʮͣ¡
ϳԵϺ䳦аըī裬ÿڸˡ
Լõ廨裬Ҷҿ˿칫ңǺһδıͬǺҲ
ʱѾ˵ˣҶڣЦŴкˮݲ裬ȻͿֽҶһûһ
ˣ¸¹ӦĶͻء
ף¸°ܲÿ˶ײһ˶š
һ߿ţһߺҶ²
ҶͰѱֽһˣЦŵֹأһйӦһ˰ĺǣƱġ
ѽѵãǿǺöˡ
ʱھ¹⣬ڳԺȴϣһжĹӦģֽ϶ҪĴһ£ռء
Ҷ濴棬Ҳ֡
ںǺ˶ܳԱ
ڵũָֿǰڶӦʳԱһںţҲԸ
һôȥˣڼ䣬Ҷ绹ĶתһȦȻص칫Ҽ졣
Թڰ칫￴鿴Ȳ裬ǵĶתת￴飬ʱҲ͹ȥˡ
һ࣬ҶеĶӬˣϰë߹֯ëµʱҶ澪һ£ĵҲԣ
ȹ龪ȣҶϲԣ²Ŀ֯ë¡
˵ַ죬ȻҶһûһ죬Ķȴ˿תƹٶȣǻһԵҶ濴硣
Ƴֺÿѽ
Цʲô˾Ϳˡ
ҶоĺܣһʼҶ治ദżأڿǼദĹ
ִִɴ࣬ûʲô˼򵥵ģû¾Ϳ飬ҲҴԽԽϲĽ
һ֯ëءҼӣҰˣҹŵë£һһ֯ġ


102 

һ֯Ҷ¶Ⱥֹϰͦеģֲ֯ôء
Ƴ㻹Ҷ濴һͰֻ֯Ĳˣɾ̾һ֯Ҿ;Һˡ
Ҳ֯ë°
ҶЦЦǻᣬǾûпƳô졣
ʲôͿˡȻô˵ǵıôҲزסһ֯أҲǸ֯ģǱ֯ġ
һһǮֹѣһ׬ʮǮأȻˣͷ˭Ҳ֪Ķ룬Ϊ֯룬ؼҾ֯ë¡
ҪȤѧë˴ҵʱ㡣
ȻǿƳ߼ʣһ¹ʲʮ飬ûҶĶࡣ
ҲʼҶ棬﹤ôˣȥǮ˭ѧأҶǴѧѧһ֪ԭĲ
֪ԼʲôģңЩ֪ĶҲʲô¡
ҶЦѽ֮ǰë£ûпʼأĵʱ֯Ҳԡ
Ҷ滹ûüһа칫֯ë´ͱ֪Ҫˡ
ȥʡǣҶ澪ȡ
Լȥ𣿡ϰأͳˣ
ιݳͷԣƳҪسȥһĻĶ飬ʡһ鵽ˣҪ˹ȥһ¡
ĻĶʲô
ͼݻ
Ҷɻ󣬵֮ǰιݳ˵ʱѾˬӦˣƺͦ˵ӣҶȻ⣬ҲܿӦǳеġ
õġȻҶûȥʡǣᣬȥתһתҲͦõģܻûлأҲȥ
ڶ죬Ҷ洧Ÿźµĵλź֤ȥʡǵĿͳ
Ȼǿͳ⳵һ·϶ͣ͵ģΪ죬Ҳʶ·ҶԼռŪһžʡȥˡ
ƽǺ󣬽·ͲߣȻʱڵĻ࣬·滹ǱѹĿӿݵģҶ濴żһżɫװŻﾭʱΪʲô⻹ƽ·ӿݵˡ
˹·ںһЩˣ·棬Գлٲ·ôӿݵˣҶ汻κµɫҲһЩ
һСʱҶʡͼ³
Ԫʡͼݼ־¥ҶջشĿ⣬ЩȻҪ⼸ֹҪΪԼطˡ
ʡǵͼݵȷҪƽǵͼݿܶ࣬¥ߵĺ߶ʽ¥ʱڿǺ۵ġ
˵·ߵֲľˣˮ̨ףͰʡͼݵɸ¶ˡ
ҶЦЦ߹ˮ·棬˶ʮ̨ףŽʡͼݡ
ĶҶ͹Ա˰칫ҵķ칫¥ȥ
˵⣬ʾ˵λź֤˲ȥ˲˺ȷ£Ȼٵƿ˸鼮
һ칫ңȻҶųɹļ˽յ顣
ۺϿƣҶʱѾ쵽ˣֻü鼮ûаյ鼮͵ˡ
Ҷͬ־ˣ¿ƳҲڣȥȥûлû취ߣҪȻȵʳóԷ¿Ƴ鼮ͻƽô
ҶЦѽٹ鷳ˡ
鷳鷳Ůͬ־ò˵ҲҪҶӲųУҶˡ
ûʡͼݵʳó緹ҶۺϿƵĿԱ˵˼䣬ȷϰʱ뿪ˡ
СʱҶʡҽԺſڡ
һѾлˣǵѧϰġ
˵ǿѧϰڻ￪ᣬѧϰҽԺĸҵסԺѲ飬˽о
ҶǴдʹ֪һоʡҽԺߣҲʮӵ·̣͹ˡ
ƾģʹòЦݣ󷽷ѯʣû˻ʲô䱸ģʹ¥ķ̨ܿͳĿĵȥˡ
ʱһ˿˽ѧϰ
ʵЩرҽԺŪߵģȻðճˡ
˵䲻ģ˿ҪͲܲΪʡҽԺҽ;ܾʡҽԺĲ˿ǡ
˿ƣһ˾ɢˣܺ񱻲סһһֱߴߴ䵭ģ˵ʮ䣬ܶûظһ䡣


103 Ÿտʼ

Ҳֻ¹ز˵ĻܲѵûӦһ䡣
һֱҲֲˡ
Ҫܶͬеͬµ̬ȶҪȶŮͬ־ºͣϾǰ˵Ц
ҲֻգǼôҶ沢Цĵġ
˺󣬹ɨһ۲һ漸룬ﻮһĨ⡣
һջȡů÷úȣ˵ҲҪĶࡣ
˵Ҳǧٹֵġ
ĺʹֹܲܳҩ
ҽô
ҽŮĽš
ְĲݸһԵݣݸ˵Ҫ˵ʱ򣬹һȦȻ׼Ŀ⣬Ų߹ȥ

ѯʵһֱ۴⵽ֱ˵Ůͬ־ĺʮĸŮæش𣺡ҽ̫ˣ죬Ůˡ
ǶʮˣڼƵģǼƵ̫ˣҽһǵ˿ˡ
ûҲ٣˻ʿ䣬ŶӵҽŮ˵ôأҪȶð
żҪٴ߻ʿҽأҽˡ
Уô˵ġ
ܵ䵭ģɾݵȻģ˲ɵŷ
ᡣǱ̵̵ġ֣һ߻شһ۵ĸͷš
ʱƿʵ۾һۣǴŰ״ӣϻҽæ޺ҽҺۣ죬Ҫֹ롣
ԶԶԡ֣ҲæͷҽŮ˵ĺأܲȸֹ밡
裬ʹĺʹҰأҪҰ֣Ұְҳ°·׼ؼң֪·һ¥ʱͱһ̳ˣ⻹㣬̵̵̳ˡ
һ̵ֱĲιȥû̳ܿӵ˭ֻһްԶ
úúã֪֪Ѿȥλˣܿ͹֣Ҳ˲ˣҪ˺ˣƾͣһҲһŹġ
û˿ʱɿĻһĨ⣬ͷĲ鿴ݵˣоʿѯʵֱ֣˵
˺أֹҲ򣬻ӰЧ
У̫ˣ̲סҲܣҪ򡣡һͷҡĺͲ˹Ĳ࣬˵ֶһԵ֣쿪ڣ裬ҽҴֹ룬ܲˡ
Һۣ裬ˡ
ҽ㿴Ů۳ˣа
һݴҲһ˵ǻأǴֹ룬Ҳǻ۵ġ
֣켱ۣҲȲǿŮܲסˣҽһɡ
üͷ˵ֹ룬ӰЧġ
ҲʲôЧھҪֹ롣޵ıᶼˣܲ˵ţ̫ˣܲסˣ۰
裬ҿˣҪ룬Ҫ롭
ü˿˼ԥĹܣֿ˿ᣬ˵ǿҪðǹҽⷽרңȻйǣǻǺúÿһµĺá
⡭֣ԥֹ֪ЧжӰ죬᲻أǲ̫ˣŲȥ
ϵû취˼ܶԺЧжӰ죬֮ھǲҪôˡ
ҲܣҲӰЧôҾҪֹ룬Ҳν
һ԰Ʋ죬Ц̵ôأҪô
Գһ£һԵĻʿͷȻǾ͸һֹ롣
ֹܿͷЧʹһЩȻȫᣬʹ˻ߵץˡ
ֹס֣һߺ۾һ߲סţɱǧģġץˣһҪÿ
ʱ˵ҩﲢ࣬˸һ֣ڻʿֹʱ򣬹׼ҩ
˸ȻãǶָ˿ڣϾ滹մһЩǵĩأճһЩ⣬ãܿǷ׸Ⱦ
ֹҲס⴦ĶһһµļѾƤճƤϵǣǩõĭҩˮϴüҲǩŪϸСٲϸСĲĭɲһ̵˵ġ
ԹַܵҪۣһԾվϼҽҲ


104 

Ǹմֹʱıûֹ֮ǰң֮ɱĽй֮޲
̫ˣһҪֹ룬ٴһ룬ٸҴһ룬۰ģ۵Ķͷ϶ĺβϵðΪʹŤһš
֣㲻ҽҲֹ֪벻ƵĴ򣬸˵Ÿմ˲ʮӣûиҪֻǲϵĺᡣ
ţ˵ţֶһԺ֣һѹס᲻Ҷݵҽס죬ҧԼ
ܻ䣬ݺܿͺһʿһɴɹֻʣº
ʵ۵ҧԼǲͷĲҺԼķˣһԿʲô
ò״ãֿ˼ҩ֣ȥȡҩʱҩ˵Ҫҩۡ
֣ܿҩۻˣܽӹʿҩ룬ҩ
ûע⵽ʲôûûʿ֣ԼСĵİҩܸ״ȻͿĨ˴СģĶ˵ˣ֣춼᲻һˡ
֣״ﰵ⣬ѵҽǼˣ
գŹܣֿ˿ᣬԽƺϷ
ܶԲ渺𣬿ݿôŮͬ־ʱǲΪо̫һˣȶ˶̬ȶҪõĹˡ
ſ޵ıᶼĨһΪʹŤ׵ᣬﲻˬŮͬ־һ㣬ҲûÿΪʲôܶôر
Ƶҩȥûã;ķˣʹұҩาǵĵطܿ˿˿ĸо
ʹѹ£ҲͲٷˣʾԵ˰ԼɴóȷԼûиоŲٿ޺ˡ
ᣬԼֱͿĨҩҽ̲סĿʵҽʲôлл㣬Ϳҩ࣬ûôˡ
һ԰ķۣҪ˵ϹҲ֪ݸ壬ʲôҩܼЧô죬ֹúòá
չˡ
ڹӦʱҶҲ
лл㰡ҽ뵽Լղſ޵ģЪ˹ѿһĻֲ˼
û£Ӧõģǳġ
ܻ䣬ǵݲˬĵۿһۡ
ֱ󣬸оǲͬߣƫͷǵĿʱʱһ
Żʿܶ˵ժ׾ʹ粽ҶǱȥ
ֻæһȥˣҲûʱϣӺҵʱ򣬾ûܵӰˡ
ǿ𣿡
ûС
ҽ㿴𣿡
ûѽ
ҽȥˣ
֪û⡣
Ҷڹܳʱת뿪˿ƣಽĸϣһʮ˼Ҵҵĺ͹ܲ
ܶһƫͷˣϵߣһַŭʱ򣬹ǻһĨ޵Ц
ҶͷͼĿķ򣬱ֵֻŭҲˡ
ȻҶ滹ǿܸĨͿҩĻ棬СģҶ˵Լҽְﻹǲ
ҩͰˣĳҩҲˣĻͷǵ
ܲƫͷʱ䣬ҶߵĸԶˣ粽ĸϡ
棬ôô졣
ҪְסղŲժףֶûüϴԲҶ档
һǰһ뿪˿ƣԺͣ¡
Ҷ汾ô˵ģɼһĿԼûסˡ
ǲǶĺÿŮ˶ôãģǲģ㣬Ҷ治˵Ϲ
ʲôסܿ׹˼ЦȻˡ
һܲˣһԴףﻶϲҲҸˣΪ֪ˡ
Ҷˣ䣬ҶͻȻЩǲ
֪˭
ʲôֵҶ治ˡ⻰ʲô˼֪᣿
ô
ܣ֪Ůͬ־˭ᣬ˵ˡ
㻹ˣæɣû䣬ҶתҪߡ
ҶһʼùܲǾ˵ְڣҲһ죬ʶᡣ
ô˵֪ˣôĵľΡ
֪ΪҽβְҶ滹̲ס
ΪʲôҪԼ
Ϊʲôñ
ҽԺôҽʿõԸҩ


105 

ҪҪԼͬ飬һ¶⣬֪˹ҽΣһҶ
棡һְס

ҶüԼֱ۳һҲûԼ¾Ϳ˵Ҫġ
ЩƢôôļҲ֪ڣܺá
һ£
ͻȻסΪʲôҶƢϤأ
ʶҲʮѡ
סԼһ߷˵Ҷ۵׵Ĳ͸˼֣˵תߡ
ԼɣŲҪɵվأ
ûԼĪϤôģͼҶѾ߳ԶˣæĴ粽׷ȥȻ԰һǡ
棬ҡ˵ţͻȻһ£֪Ҫô˵
ѵҪԼҩֽţ
Ūҩֻһĩܺҩ˵ҩ仯Ȼܿκˣȴѿ˰̡
⻹㣬κˣԺÿ죬ֱ۶ʹֱֻ̣ܰӳѪ
۵ľۣƹǵȻ֣Ȼ顣
ֻǣȻôˣҶ֪һ棬ϣҶǺõһ棬٣ҽݣ˺Ĳ˹˽
ǲҪ˵ְҵҶ濪ڣشֽ˵㲻ú˵֪
ְҵ£ôҲҪ׼ɣ
֮⣬ĲˣҵɸģҲ㣬Ҳ˵ҡ
档ˡ
ģҲ֪Ҫô˵ܶһ£֮֮Դԭġ
㲻ϲˣ˺ˣôᡭ
Ȼû˵壬ֹҶ浹ǿˡ
ü룬ҶͻȻˣȻЦˡ
°ѹŵˣΪҶ汻ˣæڣ棬û㣬ģҡ
ȥʲôһ棬ܵҲ˲ˣֻҪҶ治ֶ֪ζҲˡ
㲻˵ˡҶĻ
ҲˡģҲˡ䣬Ҷܣû˵Ļ
ڹɻĿУҶ˵ǲܵģһʦΪ£㲻֪ĸѧܰŰĻ
һ֡ҶŹܣЦҽҽһɱ֣ȷ˵ǣҽִյɱ֡
Ҷ˵ʱһԸ˵ԼҩֽţҶẦ̫ˣԥ仰
ҡҶ棬֪ܲҪôȥϣһ˫峺һ۾ĵףֱĵУһ档
ãǲǶҺʧʰգһĻҲ¿µĿ⡣
ҶЦˣЦ۾𣬷ʣܣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҡͷ
Ϊ֪˰Ȼû˵Ҷһ£ƺˣҲţܻԸᴦˣ
Ҳʲôֽţֻ˿ѡ
գͫ΢΢˱㣬֪ˣ
ţң˾Ųʮ
ʵҶ侲ҲЩ˼ôܲأǵɹܾǹѽΪҪĹܣôԴ˺ء
û˵˼ҪҶ֪ˣˣҲŪģ᲻̫ˣ
ĬҶỽһܡ
ţ
Ҳá
֮⣬Ƕãͦġ
סƬ̺˼һůȴҡͷܺã棬õҡ֮ܺã˵Լá
ʵ˵ǣõҲ룬̲סҪ
ô˵Ҷֻ΢΢һЦ۵һаĵġ
һĨЦùܿˣֱҶǰ֣Żع
Щڵڣˣ棬ôˡ
㰡Ҷ棺ҵʡû£͹ˡ
֪ῴ㡭ߣȻ֪⣬Ҷ滹Ǻһʾ
ЦЦҩ۱ɲģȻҪԼͿĨȥȷҩЧܺõķѽ
ţ
ѽҶϰˣͼݣƽǵͼݡ


106 

ܲ⣺ö˶˵ģôȥͼϰˣ
ҶƲ죺ϰ࣬ҸʲôȥѧһԵ
Ǹ޺˫ѧλûѧ֤貹ĵڣ˭Ҳܷѧ˵ʵϵġ
˵ˣʱǵλƼȥĹũѧո߿ϵȫƴѧвġοҶҲͷȥѧУڡ
棬Ҫ˵֪Ϊʲôܲϲֻ֡һ˵ľһĳۣ˵Ļš
ԽǺżǸֶƵۣЩΪϲ˵ʱôν̬ȡ
һܻĲʺż˵
Ҿ֣ôͻȻϰˣԼѧϰ֮ǰû˵ѽ
ʡǼ죬ϰˣҲ̫ͻȻ˰ɡ
½ȻŪģ
ѽҶܸɴĳϡ
գ֪Լʳˡ
½ȻôǹҶ顣в죬Ҳ֪ҶӣҪǲԸ⣬˭ǿҲûоŲš
㵽߳Ҫʲô죿
ͻȥˣһ顣Ҷ˵գʣ㻹Ҫ찡ʲôʱ
˼һ£һͽߵѧϰˡ
ҶȻͷģҲǻ졣
ǲҪæҶʾĿһ˿Ƶķʮˡ
ˣԹ緹ûУһûгԣʰһ£ȥԷɡ
ҶǲģпռڣҪ͵ĵųԷʱԼʲôŪһ㶫ԣֻҪԱû˾Ϳԡ
ʲôᰡը鰡±ѼȰ֣ͭգȦŨŨ̵ʿѽ
̵ģģֻҪˣԵ㶫ֻҪûڣŲڵܴӿռóԼԵĶˡ
ҹ֮ǰҶҲԹһζˣûгԷȻǲԸ緹ġ
ȻҶӦ󣬹ܱ㿪ĵĸæ˿ȥˡ
ݻһæһлѯûпܣȻͿ
Σղȥˣ
Ŀһӭݣû˵ǰʱˣҷԷɣȥһҷ󣬻һҡ
ǰȻûģ˿˺ְŴһЩҲҪ͸
ݼûԼϵЦݿһ£ӦæͣΣû˼ǡ
ܴĻ㲻ú˵ô࣬Уȥҵг֪
˵գȥɫÿݺǰˡ
ʲô˼ǲһŶǴӵΣһԵĶǲһһ䰡һ£¶ίš
˿Ҫģ˵͸ˣһСʱ˾һ˵ˣѵҲУ
ǰЦŴξģǶϰˣҽҲǵһκ͹ιˡ
ô˵˭֪ݵ˼⼸죬пվͲŹܣ¹Ҳûаˡ
ȻǴӵΣ˾Ͳʮӣ˲ˣ˵䲻ģ˹οжˣһŮͬ־ôܲ˵Ĵȥ˼ûС
˵ˣ˻ءܲһȥɸʲôҪ˵ɣ̫Īˡ
Ҳǲ֪Լ̫ˣⶼһˣʡǴıԤʱ仹ã˵͹йʲô˽½ӴˣԷûԵһ顣
صдܸǹžûҪôȥҲ֪һŮͬ־ܲȥùܵŲǡ
ǺǣҲǡڨڨЦЦȻǰ˵ҲȥԷһǡ
˭֪Ҫ׷ŹȥģҲû˵ʲôͷӦ¡
׷ʱ򣬾ͼ˲ߣԵˣֻӱӰܿ˭Ϊ·ͷɫҪϴС
ݱϹЦݣſҪסܵģһߵˣɫʱѿô͹»ҰһŹܣѹָղŹܻ;ˡ
ܺҶ涼֪׷ųˣҽԺߣ߱˵Ż
棬ʲôǵӪȥ԰ɣʡǵĹӪҪƽǵĹӪḻһ㡣
ҶûӦ£ʵ֮ǰ׼ĳʳ͸㶼𣿡ģ֪Ͳ죬һ˿ѧϰҪʮ죬Ҳ֪ûгԵġ


107 ̫

˵ãҶһ˵֪ܶӦô˵ˡ
һĳʳдһ򿪣סˡ
ǵʡǳһ˲Ȼ죬׼Ҳδ̫ḻ˰ɡ
Ȼ֪ⶼҶ⣬ɹεͬʱǸж
ЩڹҲ֪Ūȴˡ
Բðɣ
һĳʳ᲻÷ָ˳Եģͷ󣬵ڶһ;ʳû߹ӪһЩʳһдҶ׼Ĳˡ
ͽŹǳˣͷţɡ
һʳС࣬ҪǮһձ緹ͽˡ
Ӷ첻ͷţȳԵĽӣƻԣԻ
Ե죬ܻвٵţɺһͷء
ҲǹܳԲ֪꣬ҶŪЩҲףȻǾʡųˡ
ԣ⼸죬ݺǰҹܵʱĹҪôװдҪôͼװ۵Ѿ˯ˡ
ЦҪǽһżζҪһô졣
һЩţɺͷʣš
ԣҶ澪ȵĿӦͳ𣿡
θڲ󣬿ÿһ⣬ɢɢʳˮʲôģҲǳ˲ˡ
ܿǸˣҽĹ׶ɣ
ܿ죬Ҷ׹ˣ£ЩŪܹҲʡųԣŻʣôġ
㿪ѧϰ࣬ʡšЩɰû٣ЩóԾͳԣȥ鷳ѽ
ʵҶ˵ǣĳԣһУкܶ࣬ܶ࡭
һЩЦͷ˭ųʳ鷳ģҲҶô˵ɡ
´αЩˣһˣʲôԣԼԡ
ҶûдӦҲûоֻܾЦЦ
ۿԶݱȥģҲףҶڣչȥҲвʲôõģ绺һ
תҽԺʳȥˡ
ʳôڣѷƱݸʳʦݵ˸ëǮСгõһ㹻ˡ
ֵʳױһױҪƱǮ
֮ǰʳϵҿڵλҽԺʳʱ֤ʳʦȻƱʮ
һڹȥǮû٣ҲƱˣûͻȥˣҲ⶯ñƱ
żУ뵽Ҷ͹߳ԱЦ죬ϵıûάס
дҶ治ȥԺ͹ܵӪԵ緹
׳«ϡݳ
ëǮһݣһһëǮƱһǮһݡ
˵ǹӪݣɷҲñȵλʳҪ˶٣ˮŵǱȵλʳҪ൹ġ
ҶȻûԹ緹ⷹ˽Ҳͼ򵥵ĳһ㣬һݳֻ˼飬Ҳֻǳ˼ڡ
ʣµĳܴˣǿˡ
Ե̫ˡЩΡ
Ҷ治ôԣԹֻƴԣǳɹĳԳˡ
ͬĿ⣬ҶЦ˵ҷġԼѾ㲻ˣһ㶼ѽ
ʵԷʱҶóһ̲ȣģһȺ̲裬Ǹء
뵽ʱˣסˡ
ڹܳԷʱҶĵĲɫĴӪʳͣ·ɫҴҵˡ
Ԫ޿ʡУľҪعĺһЩźڹӪԷϾܿˣ·ɫҴҵгҲҪϲ١
ȻͷҲв١
Ҷ͹ܶǼΪڵˣյһ飬һˣ˵Ŀûٹ
Ԫʡǣ˲٣ԣͶҶ͹ϵȻ࣬ȴҲƽҪٺܶࡣ
˳Թ뿪˹Ӫ꣬ܿһֱüͷ
ʱ̫ˣ͹ȥһСʱˡ
Ҷ浱Ȼ֪ûʱ䣬ǵܣҲҪȥˣҲϿȥɡ
Լ𣿡
ôҪ̰ңҶЦʰգӻֵģҲ·ģֲСˣˣҸղҲԼġ
˵ҶһǸ·ʿģǴԽ󣬾Ȼû·յˣ⾪ֲ⡣
˵ʵڵģ뷨룬ǹѧϰģ̫ˣֻòĵĶҶü䣬һһӦ£Ŀʡͼȥſ첽ҽԺߡ


108 ڵĹҽ

ܺһǰһ󵽵˿ƻǰȥԷģݿʱһʶ̽ͷĿһ󣬼Ҷûиţ¶顣
ںǰ˵ĹüɿĻһĨͲ͡
ûݣܴ˿ѾסԺ֣ŸϹһٸл
ҽʵ̫ллˡ˫ֽŹܵ֡
ǳһ£֣һѾʰһۣȻˣӦġ
ˣɹȴߵ۸Ҷ¿꣬Ҿ̵
лϸѯŮƣּ̣ˣһ֣һߺһһҪץ͹ȥ
ǷɿһĨҪôҵŹ֡
Ķҩһһ֣֤󣬹ܺõĻ˿ѧϰȥˡ
û˿ģĿѾɣȻˡ
ܺõˣǲôˣҶԷԵʣ
Ҷһ·ʡͼȥģ·˵ʡǰٻ¥תȥˡ
°ǰҶпվ͵ʡǰٻ¥ͷʱûЩʲôʲôֵ顣
ԪʡĹӪٻ¥
¥Ʒİڷźƽǵİٻ¥ûʲô
һ¥Ʒ¥ƷķװЬ࣬¥ƥϱ촲¥ľߺͶͯߣ¥ǼҾߡ
һ¥תһ飬¥ÿѡõļҾߣʲôʮȡ͡תһ졯ҶһԺ
ʲôʮȣʲôתһ죿
¾¹Ŵ˫ϲҲд¾ĲǺ˫ϲǺɫĵߺɫġ
ͷĶʽǴͬС죬ʽһͼҲ࣬ʵǱźɫĽ¼ǲ׻ůˮϣϴϣëϡ
Ҷʱ򻹾֣ڿˣҲܺˡ
뵽ҽԺԾ׼ëϣͲһеĺɫɾΡҶõʱǿ˺üӡ
ҪݣСӶ࣬˵ʡǰٻ¥ϵǹҶ
ᣬ˭ݲ㶫ǹġˮͷ򲻵Ķ
¿ûз˵ƱȯЩЩǹȥָҵСӣСӸˣǵĵҲˣ⻹Ǽӵ顣
һ¥ĵǹ̨ҶܿͿǹǹɫֽǹָСװ͸ĲǺÿ
ζҶʾûҪƷ
ϵǹǲƱҲƱĸ߼ǹһҪǮҶҪǮݹȥͿۻԱƱǮƱݼеͷļаϣаˮһƹ̨Ųȥ
ߣۻԱƺǹֽװãֶֽǱߣˣƱŲ˻
ƱۻԱЦӯӯİֽݸҶ棬ۣﰵŮͬ־Ư
ҶӹֽлתĹ̨Ĺ
͵⡢׹ɳꡢʽСġ̶֡⡭ЩҪƱģһҪհƱ
Ҷһ߿һֹûҿռĺóԣʡǰٻ¥УôԺЩҲ̫زصˡ
Ҷ뿪ʡٻ¥ʱѾһСʱˣŵǹͽ׹
ӦƿӹͷģҶ濴һ£ǾԼռó磬һģհٻ¥ļǮƱվˡ
ʡͼݵʱۺϿƵĿƳڣһѣȻ鼮Ҷųɹĺٶ౾˳
ôһ飬ӲǺ˿һʱҶڸʻλϣ߶߶Ļ
ʵʡٻ¥ȥʡͼݵ·ϣҶ滹˴ӺгĴǰͷֹһ£ûеȥ
õ͵һЩУԶУ˵ˣǮв٣ҪҪʲôƱǮ˻ˡ
صƽѾĵʱлҶѽջ鼮һ齻ܵĿԱȻȥιݳ㱨ȥˡ
ιݳӹӲɨһ۾ͷŽѯҶ漸䣬Ҳæȥˡ
Ҷæʲôذ칫ݲʱ°ˡ
ٸһЩԵģתһ룬ǿֹȥģûʲôʳ˵Ҳͻˣˡ


109 ֪

ѽ
Ҷ°ڰ칫ǰŻ裬룬֪һˡ
ûãسȥҲˡ
Ҷ£ôıһ簡¶һˮͺһ롣
Ҷ氵⣬ˮһᣬҪȻôȷ̵ɡ
ôʡһ䣬ѵȥһء
йѽȥһ˰ٻ¥ءҶЦţϵֽƹȥƳҪĶ
һЩЦȥٻ¥ǰԼİɣ
ţҶȥһʡǣﶼûȥ
뵽ҶǵһγҲЩҲͲˡ
翴һֽĶ涼ƱݣǮһĿȻȻˮͷûеݣҲһ¾һصģ֪ǮͳǮҶŵ˹ȥ
Ǯ壬ҶӹǮŵԼĲȥȴһתǮƱսռȥˡ
Ҷ£֪ҵسȥʲôȥ𣿡ֱӽҶʱԸʲô˽˵飬ҶԼ⡣
Ҷ棺֪ƳǿĻĶȥ𡣡
Цû
Ҳȥ߸ȿȣʲô绰ŷӦԼ˵ʲôæ˵ҵ˼ǣسǵĻĶһеͦõġ
˵һ£˵Ҷ£ҲͲˡʵҲûʲôæģϾ˾֪ˡ
ҶĿУָָı֯ʵ֪װʲô𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ѹ˵س±ȽϽµũֵȻûǳƱȯҲҪνײѽô죬Ȼöˡ
ǵĹҵȯƱƱЩǶûС
ҶȻЩũֵܻʳ߲ˣ
ԣũֵ˵ĲˣһЩʳʲôġ˵˵Ƕ죬ҲûʲôˣǰײģҲܻһЩġ
ɵȸʳĹӦҲ֪ʲôʱء˵ˣÿʳôࡣСӳӣҼӣһʳҲɿһЩ
ǵλ˲࣬ԣЩԼһŪģ㲻ĩҲᵽȥ
û취Щصλڲ֯͵͵ȥͼ˲࣬ҲβģҲû֯ȻԼ취ˡ
Ҷ濴һǱ֯ʱˣƳȥ»Ķˡ
ҲɵǸͷεġ
Ҷ˵ЩһǴȻ֪ˣҲҶϵһ㣬йֵ½ӳһͺҶϤĺܣоιݳҶ̬Ҳͦõġ
ǣҲҶ治ôµˣ鲢ʲô⡣
֪ҶȥʡҲûйȥʡٻ¥ǰӱ֯ͳŴײˣ˫ĺҳкҶ򿪲װҡ
ײˣûȥųԣ۵ġ
Ҷ治ڵĵл˵Լղѽ
Ҷ£ɹңúƱһЩһȥԡ
Ҷ棺˵Ҫ
ռôණĶܾùֵֹġ
ֻǲڣĴţҶֻͳһСװϺңȻȥ
ĺ£һңҶ룬ˣ˾ˣõ㶫Ͱɡ
°ʱһҶͺһǰһ뿪ͼݣű֯ȣҶðײ˽Ϊۡ
û취˱Ķˣײ˲Сֻš
ûУίԺȥҶҶ·ߣҪȥСԺ
չҶ·СԺм·̵ʱҶӭС١ˡ
㡣С١˫𣺡㣬ôߣ
Ҷ涨ĿۣС١ЦݲãƺǾϲ
ϲЦݣҶôҲڲ
ôҶ治ʡ
С١ңҸֻҰȥʮǮ
Ҷ棺ΪʲôԼʲôش
ͷҶ浭ȥɡ
С١˵ʲôɼҶƺ˵ǹԹԵͷĿ˿Ҷ棬תߡ
Ҷǳ˳飺ղſɲߵġ
ŶŶһؼߡʵҲǷߵģǹʹģǰһΣȻٴͬȥ
ˣҹ䣬ҶԼͷˣǻ˵ˣٶС١˵ģ߷ڵĻ


110 ָ

ҶǰţС١ںţǴ죬Ҳ࣬ӦúһŲûʲôǡ
СǻϲЦݣһţʱʱ·ϱQ£ҶûлͷҲܸоܿġ
ҶͷС١Ų·ϣ׼һ̨ӣƺû뵽ͷС١סһӺˡ
㣬ҡ
ţҶŴײ˵ݹȥ
ã㣬ҡ
šҶĻ
ԣС١Թǰӹײˣڻ
ҶתС١ಽĸϣоٱҶǻһĨǳЦ
ܿ죬СԺҶ濪ŽȥС١¶ȣﰡ
ţ
С١ԺӣҶһָһ£Źϡ
Ҷݵţоһ¶ȣǻͷʡ
𣿡
ᣡĻش״Ҷ᲻һС١Ķ㣬ڼ粻ڣջء
ǾȥҶָָķ
ҶѲĸϣԼϴּȥˡ
ʱС١÷úƤ¯ˮ
㣬ûвֻ̣зúҾ÷úˡ
Ҷ棺Ҳò̡Цպ÷úˡ
СԺЩЩǰͷµģһЩҶ浥λĸһЩҶġΪûסŵĶҲࡣ
ղ˰ɣҶʡ
С١ԹԵĵͷҶ㲻ָ
ǣڳ
С١ջȥˣҶݣ򿪲ó˺ңҲɢǮҲƱԼ¶صСֱȥ
óһ⣬ֻƵѼһҶ룬Ƶģ°ɣ
뵽ЦЦó磬Уһмͷ
װһ棬Ҷȥ

С١Ѿˮͷǰϴɾְ֣ˮˢһ飬ˮȻϰˮܴˮͷˮСˮ
׸ײǺܴװ˶ʮĴףмϸ׹档
ЩҶϴιʱȡŵģŵʱùܹ¾ʱϣ֪СԺ󣬵һζóľȻС١
̨һ׷һߣС١ˣν׶У׼аײ˵ʱҶˡ
ڳǽϣҶ滷ʵʲô
С١ûĶ⻰˿Ĵײˣײˡ
֪ΪʲôС١ɵӣҶͻȻĻģ״ǲ˵
С١۾һת׷Ҽмȥȡɣ
˵ţС١²˵Ҫš
ҶһﻹҶæ˺סãЩɡ
ᣬС١ſĶȵĿҶ棬ʡ
Ҷ治ĵˣ⳴磬г˿ˣֻѼҲˡ
ĩˣ״ǷӦʵɣ
С١ԥһ£ǵͷᡣ
ǾͺãҪǲҲûϵİҲãսҲգ㶼Ϳˡ
С١ԣһ飬㵽жСء
̴ҶȻţԼתͻȥˡ
ðɣʵҶԼվڳӰС١ɻҪǺָӼ£˵϶ԲϷġ
Ⱥ̲װ´ɲȻ಻ãӰȾˡҶһߺ̲裬һôţɢĶҲûҪʰ뷨
СʱС١ѯԷȻ½ųõĲ˹ˡ
⳴гȳģҶ濴һۣһ飬е̫ˣҲͿƬ⡣
Ҷ滳ɣⶼòɣ
һг˵ҪҪȻС١ֻһˡ
˿ȻرϸǿûнҲûãֻһһҶһ£ˣҲˣҪ̫ߡ
ûˣС١Ѿְ׷˹Ҷ澪ȡ
С١ͷ˼ңҲѼᣬС١Щڣڳ﹤ʱ򣬲û͵ѧˡ
ֻʱ꣬Ҳ
ҶȻҲû˵ʲô³Է
ԹɫζȫĲȵҶһٷȻᱧʲôܴϣˣ򵥵ĳһ㣬ͣ¿ˡ


111 ɷ

Ȼû˵СĲҼвˣȴҲ󲿷ֵĹ׷ô⣬Ҷ濪ˣԡЩҪǳԲ꣬ʹȥ
⻰С١һ£Ϊʲô
ΪĲó𣿡С١Щã˷Щˡ
Ҷһﲻ֪С١ˣ漴Ҳϰ߳ԹҹĲˡƻûгԷȥҲá
⻰С١Լŵʱ򣬸˵ˣҰ͵ͻؼңҪܣûؼҲ˵ԷƸؼңһġ
£Ҷ濴飬ʵ
С١ѹľᣬҡͷûС
ԷʰɾҶֲظһ飺Ҫû꣬ʹȥ
С١˵ãĳҶ˵ҹģǵ˵ͷ
Ҷ뿪˷ܿȴһԣһ߿ţɣһߴС١ͻȻʵ
ûѧ𣿡
˵ӦǻѧУѧģǸ㣬ǷѧҲŵġ
С١һ£ܿЦѽҰǰѧˡ
ΪʲôҶƣʱСѧ˼Ǯ˵СżԣҲٲС١Ǯǡ
ΪΪҲûΪʲôͬѧǶϲңҾͲˡ
ϲ㣬ͲˣǸԼģֲǸǶģǲϲôˣֲңҲƱΪʲôҪϲ㡣
Ҷһ£С١ȵĿУ˵ǲϲʲôϵҲϲǲͺˡ
С١ЦЦ⻰˵ãɷ飬С١֪⻰ǰοġ
ǣЦЦţۿͻȻЩˣЦŲԥǿˡ
ǵģ㣬Ϊǳɷֲá
˵⻰ʱС١СĵĿҶɫסﲻɵѹ
ɷֲã
ҶѾԽһˣȻ֪νĳɷֲʲô˼
˵˵
С١ԥһ£ǿˡ
ҵҳʱͲˣ裬ʱһеʲ˼ҵӶ
Ҷһ飬ʲôɷֲá
һѸӣ˸ɻѵҪɡ
ʱ߰Ҳ֣ƻС֮ϲ۸ˣ˶Ӧġ
ȻҶҲȥЩԵɣΪ̫࣬Ҳʱڵ飬ʱ˵Щˡ
ôʣˣֻС١˵Сס
С١ϻһĨʱ͹ˡ
ҶͻȻţɳԵûζˡ
ݲݵİﻹʣµţɸ鵽ֱߵСҶһ뿪
ԷϽʰˡ
ûúС١Ժ÷ֽϴ꣬ʰóҶһˮ
㣬Ϣˡ
С١վſڣƬ̣ȥ
ҶڷһС˵̧ۿȥŪˣ
ţʰˣһˮϨҲͲˡ
ʣʣأ
С١ԥһ£ôװһˡ㣬һٰͻ㡣
ˡһѣֵϵһˡ
ȻѾ׼ɵܾʱС١ﻹǺѹġ
ͻȥ
С١ͷҶС˵š˵գȥ
ʮӺٳʱһһһ⣬һصСϹϣס
׿ɲƤ棬ҶԭﳬϺõģﲻ࣬ץܳһ˳Եġ
ռﶫ٣̫࣬ȻĶҲҪôʱ䣬ǹġ
Щȥɡ
˵꣬С١ܾҶ˵ߵʱҰϡ
С١״ֻõͷӹ󣬸תҪߣֻعĶ㣬Ʋ©ҪǲϲʰҲðѰŵݲǡ
Ҷ˳С١ĻȥԭɢĶѾãˡ
ˣȥɣҶָˡ
ССӰһ뿪СԺҶϣЦЦһȿĶüͷȴ
˶ƱǮȻģָϸСڣĶҲڣƱҲǮǮû٣ʮǮ
ǰɲµĴŽᣬҶˣСƨ˼ǱʾҪǮ
һֻҰʮǮʮǮͲ»ؼҰ᣿
Ҷû׷ȥ˵Ķʱļֵ˵֮ǰʮǮţȻӢǮ


112 Ծ

żһ飬ҶȥԺϡ
Ȼ˶ϴ·ϴŪǻãɵ˿ɲôģҶ⼸˵һûвŭġ
Ҷ涼ÿһο̲סҪЦ
û취̫٣òи飬ҶʾЦһˡ
ңԺ˱Լ˴飬Ҷ·ڶˮļͥŮ˵ˣһ϶Щ࣬ﰵҡͷ
ԣҶ治УίԺˡ
ĩҪϰ࣬ĴţණУûеģҲܴӿռó
ոʵıʹϣóëޱͷҪļ
ԥһ£Ҷż˷úƤ¯ӽȡůײĵ·Ϊ˲բˣûõ̺
ҶϴʱС١ûлصԺԶԶľͣںͬڿԼվǵš
һС١С׾ͳͷһѵ㻹֪֮ǰô˵ģҶ˿һСʱˣŻϵģ㡭
С׻أС١æҵϣ磬ˣǻؼҰɡ
ôϣС׺֪ɻ󣺡̸ģ
ǡС١Цҡͷܿ뵽ʲôϵЦʧˣġ
Сһ飬ϴΪˣλΪˡ
ڣ֪С١׽ĺŽ˭ء
Ҫ˵ʲôС١ѾԺȥˣС׼״ֻϡ
㲻ÿζôԽԽˡ
ţ֪ԺҲûˡһ仰С١˵ġ
ȻС١ӦˣС׿ǰͷĵܵܣɻ󣬼ȻˣС١Ӧǿĵôʧ䣿
Ժĵƹ⻹ôƣߵżŷ͸Щż˭ﴫһܰԺǰ
С١ŽݣС׽źְϡ
ƿĲĶʱȡ
ղŻԼŴζأ֪ȷװͼŲһϵĴӻ⡣
С١ЩƵȱ˰ȶשŵĳϣȸ翪ڣ˵ˡ
ڽԹˣЩǽҴԵġ
Ⱥķһ·ʱˣС׿˿ĶֿС١ʵôˣ
ÿΣС١˶ϲصģܶ໰˵ҲһֱſĵЦݣǣȥ˼˷ôˣ
û¡С١ҡͷ
磬ˣ˯ˣԺҲ˯ɡ
ϴϱޱסͷĵܵܣСüͷղſûС١˲۾
ֻǣ֪ܵܵӣС١Ը⣬ôʶûõġ
˸ˣ
ǿŴķˣС־òܡ
ֻǡ
ûС١ļ˵һĴӻ⣬Сװӻһװİ׷ŵȥԼ򵥵ĳõĲͼ
ú͵ƴСڴϣ洫ϸ΢ĳüͷĸˣҲû
ղС׾ʰˣʦ˵ˣвٵĻҪȥС
СѾͳˣһߣС١Ҳæӱ
ܿ죬ҿŵ½
Ժջߺѵ⺢ӵ˷С١ˮϴ󣬳һµĲͷ
ԺŶӽˮ˶ˣûʲôˮС١Ŵ򿪳񣬰Ѵķ˶ڵȻóȥˮѴϴɾ
ո´ɫƲͼεģԺﶼûãҪôŵȥˢϴһлģ˵ЩҪ˵͵˭ҵˡ
С١Ժʱ򻹺ҹӭϣɨһС١ŸһҪȥҰʲôӣƲƲ졣
ʱûʲôҰˡ
С١ûӦͷҲ̧뿪
٣СӣܵģҲӡһС١ıӰһ
㵱˭أԷ˯ԺˢϴԼӵ̽ͷһǳһ䡣
֪ˣ֪ˣ֪ߴߴߡĲͷʱ򣬲ɷ˸ۣ֪ͺ͹ȥʳСˡ
һëǮһݵСͣҪǮζˡ
ʮˣﻹţÿ¹ֻǮĶҪϽҲûǮôţ֪ĵãҲһ£׻벻뱧ˣ


113 ˼

˵ЩŮѣϸڻվ˵ʱ򣬿ǿһģĺһŮˣΣǿģ˭
ʱŮɨһֻۣоԼ˶Ҫסˡ
ŮôôӰŮأŮԱأ
ԼСԺҶȻǺһ˯ãҲ˿ŵ𴲡
˯ĩµĺ֢ˣȻ֪粻ЩΣգһʱᣬҲȫ¾ľ
ϴ軹ˮ˲ٵķúˮˮµġ
ϴãҶں⿴ʯϵĶʱЩȡ
װСƨȥĶȻˡ
ûҶףԺ⴫ϸ΢ҶԺһһССӰæܣűǷ
С١û뵽ԼշžͿˣæŤͷܣŵİס˽ţˤ˸Ľųء
Ҷ濴ˤˣǳ˳飬ô컹һԷģǺһվסѡ
С١ſڵϲ¾һܰԼؽȥˡ
䶯ȽȻȴСƨҶûн𣿡
ûСС١Ƶ
Ҷ˵꣬ҲС١ûУתݡ
ϴ˯£Ȼ˼ë˯ۣȻůһԺվ̫á
С١ͷһ£ԥһ£תСԺղŷſڵ
ﱾС١ڿԺʯµӵѹˡ
Ҷݵϣű߲ԶŷúƤ¯ӣˮ˹˵ķ
ǰͣɰװ㹽࣬װгСǵıţǰСӣһװһϺȣһװһͷŹǡ
վżǻϽҶ濴ۿЩ죬ǿڡ
ˤˣ
С١æҡͷ
ȥԼϴɾˡҶ˵꣬ͷȥˡ
ոһӣС١϶ǳĹˣûɾ
С١ԹԵͷŵȥŴˮϴ֡
Ҷʱ򣬼С١ˮϴϴͨʱüͷ΢΢ȴҲ˵пűߣĶ
㡭㣬㡣С١ϴúתͷҶ棬ͫԥһ£ǿˡ
һϾͱ仯ôҶ˵ǲܵģʣĥ䣬;Ҫˣɲȶ
ȥϴ꣬Է
ңҳԹˡ
Է
һҶЩͣС١æͷԹԱȥꡣ
С١ĶҶ䣬º󣬾ֱԼһࡣ
С١ϴõʱҶѾˡ
⣬ȥ·ˡ
⻰С١ƫͷȥֻǽһϴһǳɫ޿㡣
㣬ǡ
˵ϲ˵ڶ顣Ҷģ˵Ϻá
֪ΪʲôС١ҶԼЦҲãŭҲãҲգϲŭ޳У˼ʲô
С١һԹԵķ꣬Ȼȥ¿ϣݣϴּȥ
ûãС١ͻˣ°޿Կûд£ܿ
Ҷ濴һۣ⣬һȻҪƾɵǲĿҪ˳۵Ķˡ
Ҷ涼ɣô󣬵ܱܲůһܰɣҪȻôһֱĺġ
ˣˡԷû˵¶ˣΪҶ֪ȻůҪڵģҪȻѩˣɰס
˵һոµ޿סڴԺС١˵Ǹ˵Ķ
ʵѾҶռһıůˣʱ˵Ǻ۵ġ
зúţȷ䣬С١Ҳİ·һߣǰ
Ҷ࣬û٣㹽ͼ鵹ǲ٣С١һůۿֺ
Ҷ񿴲һƵĳͣ󣬻һڻ衣
Թ緹С١Ҷ濪ھ͹ԹԵʰ
㹽໹һ룬ţǰʣһЩС١õȥǺˡ
ʰýݵʱҶƺЪϢˣſڣȥ·ʲôˣ
С١һ£ƺôôʣܿԹҡͷ
Ҷ棺۸ˣ
ûС
ң⻰ʱҶ룬ǲС١ʲôˣʲôˡ
С١ͷҡĸˣȻᡣ
ǺˣôẦ½ء


114 ķ

һҿžܡ
С١ͷĸˣǣ˽㡣
ң㲻Ҳϲ붼Ҫˡһ仰С١˵ġ
Ҷԣķ˸ۣۣ
Ȼ£ôһʼԶԶģᵹˡ
ۣ
ҶС١Ϻü룬ƿȴЦ˵ۣ֪˭˭ء
ͻȻҶüͷŲ豭ֽ˽
Ȼô˵ˣʰһ£뿪ɡ
С١֪ΪʲôҶͻȻĮģѹۿ˲ͺˣŬӣû
ۿҶﷳ꣬ҲȾЩͣߣŸʲô
㣬㡭С١ỽһ˵ʲôɶĮ飬ߵĻôҲ˵
Ҷ治ٿС١ԼĲ豭ˮ
С١״ʹ˵ǣҰ·ɡ
Ӵ·
ͦ
Ҷţȴһ䣬صİĲ豭£·һʱС˴˶ѣ㰮ҲԼȥҲãҲա
ңҡһοҶ淢С١סˡ
Ҷɲ˵Ҵ˵·Ҳ˷ѣʮǮҾͰתˣô飬Ͻʰ뿪⡣
һ仰ҶθһЩ۵׻һĨ塣
С١һתץԼϺܣҶĮԺʯϵĶһߡ
С١ԭѾܹʯˣӲͣסתʱ򿴵ҶվſڣӶһۣҲ̲סĵ̧ץϵתܳСԺ
ˡ
Ȼϲˣ
Ҷôվţǿߵ˻ԺţҪЦ崫ʹû취Ц
ģ
⾭ʹĸоܱĸо
ܲʧôֺڣ
Ҷһĸ֪ȴûоܵĴڡ

ݣ
۰
ʹѸͣȴά˰Сʱˡ
ҶǺĴ̧ͷͣĴڴ
ղŲΪԼҪΪܱҶˡ
ĩܱҶ˵һĻôġ
һѾĻ裬ҶԼαϿȥ۳˼
ղŵĸоܱҲֺ࣬е㲻ͬﲻͬҶҲ˵
Ҷ죬ȫ
ɵԼûУίԺҪȻܵʱЩߴߴᣬùޣȥһ˵ˮˮҶǻֱըë
Ҷ滺ʱԶǧ๫һҽԺһѾµ۾
ڲһ󼤶ϲȴ״εİ˵һͨź֪ܳȥҽ
ҽ飬شǵʣȴеĳ
֣ûЩΪʲôһк죿
УǸŮͬ־˭
һм鶼䶨˿ڡ
ʲôʱܳԺ
ԣΧߵļҽ㿴ңҿ㣬ȻһԴҽһƳش⡣
ţŸѹ廹ҪסԺһʱ䣬۲۲졣
ǰţҪúϢһԵСᣬĵȰš
˸£ò׸Ųѹ˵ʲôø뿪ҽԺˡ
īһ飬ûʲôû
ˣô
СæĨȥᣬش𣺡ţû£ҵ˴󲿷ֵ˺ҵˣ˰¾ͺˡ
Ǹһѣ˵ϣ˶ĵطиط͹ס˴󲿷ֵıըƬǺǲ
ÿÿС¾ְա
īСһۣûȱ첲ȵģ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôˡ
ըʱ飬īüͷ΢΢Ǹ̶ȣܻţСҲȱ첲ȵģǣò˵С¸ǿƨ¶ûС
ʲôСӾǣī˭֪Ǹ£ٴºĿӶȵסӴɱ
ţ𣿡
ī񣬾ͼҽ綼߹ˡ
ˣţĶҶúñءС˵ţӿڴͳһ͸ʯӵ˹ȥ
īһ£ֽӹȥ
ʯǰѩɽһɽ£񵽵ģǻѩɽʯͷô͸ģȴȵģأһֱϡ


115 ϱ

˵Ҳ֣ԴӼʯӺǰԤ֪һЩ顣
׼ȷ˵ÿεԣʯӾͻ͵رȣԽΣգʯӵ¶Ⱦ͸ȣΪܿ˲Σա
һΣҲΪʯȵĸ¿ڴ̵ˣԾæС¶㿪űܿΣա
ڸīֱӵļӵ˲֪ж٣һǿݣīǲԵκεģȻҲͲẦʲôţ顣
ʯӾܿΣյٶȴøī֪Ҫôֻͣܰĵס
ʯӣī֪ôģģӰ
ţ˵ʲôСһɻ
ʲô
СͣʰĶղں˰ʲô档
īסûϹ˵˵
УȻȷź˭ǸŮͬ־û
ûУ
ţССִţȻ۾һתԵЦʣţǲϱˣ
ӹһϱ
ǾȢϱˡС²룬ǲĸŮͬ־ܵõŵ
ţ㿴˭ˣ˵˵ҿֵһ£㡣
ӿˣŪˮȡ
ҪȺæ
Ц
С»˵أһæˮ
źˮĸīС﷭˷ۣЩҽͻ˵ʲôٻԲѾͲˣʲôŵ
Ųѹˣŵĺ֪ˣʮ㰡
ôãСҲ˵븵ҽԺһʱء

Ҷһϰʱ񻹲ǺܺãɫЩף翴ĵѯʣڸܹȥˡ
žҶ棬ͬܣҪ߶Լˡ
ҶмЦЦڶ͸ӣһǻ֮ǰҺͰײ˵񣬶ҲΪллԼȥˡ
ʵڰ칫࣬һԣϹԱ˵飬һЩҪ鼮ϻǵģҪ鿴֤һЩʲôģʱҪǳ洦ѡ
ͼݵĴ඼ǽ鼮ģʲôǴõģҲæ
κʮİ࣬ȥʡǳҶ泯ϰ࣬󲿷ʱ䶼ڰ칫ҺȲ迴һë¿֯ãҲ͵˷ʵˡ
ʮһϣÿӲҵĻǳˣûһϲЦݵġ
췢ʣһŷƱʳӾôһһµˡ
һ¿ӵĹӦģöʮŹܹ꣬ɿһЩĺꡣ
ᷢ˹ʣøĺӳѵģʲôҲԤϣӰ˵Ķһģٲˡ
Ҷ濴һ۹ʵʮǮĹһֲ١
Щ֣ʮİ࣬һµĹʣ
Ҫֻأһأ
Ȼ֣ҶҲʣǩٿǮлжʮǮĽ
ͼݵĻƿһжʮˣҶôǮǽһĿѪĸӣ֪Ǽһش׵ġ
仰˵³ܲ֡
Ȼ˾ˣûʲô𣬲һЩûôʹĲǡ
ϻǸŮͬ־ǵϵĺӺ󣬶Ҷ̬ȶ˼֣ǮݸҶʱ򻹲Ǯá
ҶЦЦһ£ͰǮװ
ٿǮҶ˵㲻ʲôǶ˵һĸ˹ģûһĶࡣ
ʱ
Ҷڰ칫ȲأҪȥʲôͼŴҹˡ
ְʱҶȥ츣ʱҲȥ칫ΣŴҲϤ˼䡣
Ŵ㣬°ɣЦǺǵʵ
ǣⲻϿƵСҪ飬ÿҪëǮǮˡ
һһȻֻҶһɻ
Ϊʲô˽飬ҪҪǮ
ǼҶ治ףŴĽͣҶ£ܲ˽⣬Ϲˣ񡣡
һǮһ߽ӻְҪŮͬ־ǹݾңҪҪǽͬ־ҲżңҪ񡣡
ҶЦˣҲǷǮ˼£
ҲŮ˽ҪͷǮˡ
ҶҲͳ˰ëǮݸŴ㡣
ŴǮúæͳӣպúŽ졣
ΪЩۣΪ֣һöŻ߾ŸīݣҶܿɣ


116 ˼

ˣϴ˵ˣҪ׼ʲôʮȺתһ죬Щ˶Ҫ׼𣿡Ҷʵ
Ŵһæҡͷǿû취ʮ˵Ǵ¹嶷ױ̨д̨оİľΣɲһСĿСοɸ𡣡
תһгһֱһǱ˵ģƱȯǮһУǱһӾܱˡҲһԽӻ
СεĵϱũģȻ˵Ҳڳ﹤ҲЩġ
ӣһŬӹþˣҶģҪʮȺתһ죬ûܽϻˡ
Ҷһ׹ֺҪʲô
һ˰ëǮͼҲʮˣյʮǮʲô
Ŵ΢һ룬ůˮϴ衢СġӦҲɡ
Ҷףͼݵĵλʲôְλʲôġ
СβǸְͨȻְʱ첻ʲô˵ⶼȥˣԣ飬λЩҲ͵ļʱˡ
뵽Լְôණ鷳һҲΪʲôǻ°Ŷߵʱҵ˿ĽĿˡ
ţŴ㿪ʼ˼
ڵ˺ѽ黹Щǻ飬ý˽ܣ˽һݽ˽룬֤ˣ컹ϰأϰ̸һһ飬ˡ
磺ɲǻ
ҶһЩզ࣬ô򵥵
Ҳãûøǵλַӣֵһסڶ꣬ϴͳ˵ŴȻ⡣
ǻֵķȻʽש߷ʤ󣬷ݸߣžͿʮƽףɱڵĶʽĺשС¥һʮƽĴˡ
ҲסĵλֵķӣŴҲǰŵ飬ҲЦ˵˼䡣
ҶûݣЦȻһڲˮ
˵ǵλ˲࣬Ҫͬ־Ҳ࣬һ˰ë٣ٵˡ
Ŵͷҿ˵ˣ֯ľͷЩӣһҪľİٶԣһ˽ëǮծһҲͳȥء
ǿɲ
Ҷ£ûУ
ҶЩȻͻȻ˲˵תԼˣεҡͷûС
ж𣿡Ŵֹĵʵ
Ҷ𻰣һԴǻˣŴ㣬Ҷ»СأŶʮһ꣬ʲô
ʮһ껹СŴզࣺǻᣬʮͼˡ
磺ǻɺڲһ
ŴһͷҲǡҹŮʮˣǰҲûޣҲҪˣŮѽɳ𡣡
⣬Ҷ֪ôˣǼЦźȲ衣
֪Сʲôʱⶼˡ
⻰ʵġ
Ŵ㣺˵ĩ֯ĴԺ
ɣʱҺҶҲȥմȤ˵ʱѯʵĿһҶ档
ҶЦŷ²豭ѽҵʱͿƳȥһơ
˵ʵڵģҶ滹û߽ʲôģʱû£Ҳá
ף֯ĴԺ
ôͦģ
ˣСƨǺסһ顣
˵Сƨû¶ˡ
뵽ǻ뿪ĳҶͲ̾һ
Ӵ㿴ңˣ黹ûа꣬Ǳ߻Ǯ£ء
ţŴͻȻһԴ˵䣬ͼҴҵ뿪ˡ
ЦǺǵĶҶ˵Ŵ¾ôġ
֪Ҷ治ô˽ĺ˵˲٣һЩճ¡
ܿ죬°ʱ͵ˡ
Ҷһͼݡ
ſڲԶ£һͦεӰվ
ƺҶĽŲתůůЦ
״һҶ£ҽ°ˣȥɣߣȥʳ꿴ʲôûС
Ҷ治˼ЦЦͷ
棬ϰ۲ۣܿĺкԶŹѯʡ
һðڰ칫šҶ棺ûˡ
һ죬ܳ͵ͼҶˡ
ð״̬һֱҪ˴ҽԺ飬Ҷ治ϣ󣬹ֻЭǸҶϸİѹ΢һЩ
Ҷ緹Ҳǹģ⻹㣬졢ǰ죬Ҷ°ˡ


117 ҵ

ͼݵְȻ࣬ҶðԵĴϢӦǺܿģûʲôֻ¡
ԣٹ죬ͼӦþ֪ˣȻŴҲûжˣҪԣҲǰʲôʱ飬Ǻ׼Ǯˡ
ɫǺһЩˣҲȫ˷ġ
˵Һ˰֢Ҫһ
Ļùü𣺡棬ϵëǴСҪӣˣ㵱
úúãҼǵأҵѪϢ΢ǿӹŹػҪע⡣Ҷæ˵š
֪ô£֮ǰǸأ
ﲻ֪ҶԼأЦЦҲͲ˵ˣҶ·ȥ
Ϣ죿
Ժ٣ĩÿϢ죬ԣʱϢ
ܣҽ췢ˡҶЦӯӯ˵ҷ˶٣
ЦǶʮĹʣⲹһʮëҲ£ӦǾżʮĹʡ
ҶԾȵĿµĻ׼
ľȣܺЦⲻ֣ڹʶǰռģѧҲ߼ʣټģҲͲˡ
ҶҲӦЦŴȤ⹤ʼڹҽֱʮҲһٶʮǮһ£ټϲⶼСˡ
Ҷ֪ģȽϸ߹ʺͲˡһְƣǹģҲͲˡ
治ƽģôҲʮʣͶʮҶ״յš
㣬
ǾͲˣͼͦõġҶæҡͷ
ЦʮǮһҲˣҪǣǮ໹¶١
˵Żأӭ½Ȼϡ
Ҷ͹һ飬½ȻԾȵסˡ
Ҷȴк½Ȼ
ҽ档½Ȼк
Ҳͷк½ӳ
ǡ½Ȼѯʡ
Ҹ°࣬׼ȥԷء
ãҲҪشԺһɡ
½Ȼ˵⻰ʱ򣬹۵׻һĨá
Ҷһ£˼½ȻҪҶ·֮ǰǺ˵Ǳ˸ûУίԺסˣǰһֱæҲûҵ˵
ʵҶСԺסº󣬾ûУίԺҹˣ;λȥҲ뿴½Ȼڲڣûж
֮ǰǴӦ½ȻżҶСԺסͼҲȻǲԸڵġ
⼸æˣǰ컹һʡˣʡǵһ˺˵½Ȼ۸Ҷ棬Ҳ֪Ǿͣס˻
뵽ֱϵˣ½Ȼﰵҡͷ룬ƾ̫ˣʲôˣ˱ˡ
Ȼô룬½ȻԼС̵Ŀ£ʡǵͬϵͳĹԼҲŵ죬Ѷ
ⲻ֣Ƕ˺ȻеôɵģȻѾ·ᱻײ鵽
ͷҽԺ޿䣬½Ȼ˽ھȴƽǻˡ
ȻڣҶ󲿷ֵϢ֪
֪Ҷ͹ߵĽҲ˵ƺ̸½Ȼʱﲻû뵽˲ߵʱһֻ־סֶƣЩۡ
һºͺ͵Ľӻ½ӳˣȻЩȥϢȹʱˣ½ӳԸллӶչˡ
½Ȼܸ˵ĻһǺһЦĻӦõġղײգˣϴλ˵ҽԷţͽɡ
Ҷ棬½Ȼ˵棬ҸղŴǱ߹Ӫ˻࣬͵Ӫ԰ɣ
ܼ״æӻô½ӳأɡ
ҽԺʱ˵ˣȻˡ
½ӳÿˡ
ǹҽҿ
һ˲΢Ҷӣ˿ܣֿ˿½Ȼ
½Ȼһ飬ЩίͲãҶ治ˡ
һμ¶ίı飬Ȼֻһ㣬½ȻΪ˲⣬ס˼ҵķӣôҲ˵ȥ
ˣ룬ҽ췢˹ˣ͵ףҵһηʰɣҲлл
ôˣҵġҶİᣬ½Ȼ͹Ȼǲģ˿һ۶ԷֵƿĿ⡣
һûһţӪȥ
ٽˣŨҡ
Ҷż·¸µĹӦƻҪʲôٻ¥ʲô»ȣЩ


118 ˴˱˴

Ҫ˰
Ǹ磬ĩû֮ǰҪôڹ⣬Ҫôæʲô飬ȻڰְĹ԰һ졣
ĩʼÿֻôȥ衣
ڹ꣬ڵġ
Ҫףɥʬ޿϶ҹˣ˭ȥףꡣ
Ҳ֪ôģӦֵͦİɣ
Ҷ̧ͷһߵĹܣҲиеĿ˶һۣЦЦ
ͻȻҶ⿴ʲôƫͷȥֻһͬڣһСӰվǣƺû뵽ҶͻȻСӰһ£Ȼתܵˡ
Ҷ棺
ôˣ棿½Ȼע⵽Ҷߣ˳߿ȥ
ûʲôҶջĿ⣬룬һʲô
˾֪ˣⲻ͵ˡ˵գ̲ס룬Բãȷ˵½ȻˣҵСԺԵġ
Ҷ̧һۣ֪ߵˡ
ǳԺóԵġ仰Ҷʹ󲽽˹Ӫꡣ
½Ȼ͹ǶһۣܿƿĿ⣬Ҳæ˽ȥ
ҪȾ𣿡ڹ̨ǰҶŤͷˡ
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Ҷͷʼˡ
µһ죬ӪòµʳģҶ治ĵ
Ҫ˿һݣǴһݣ㹽һݣһݣһݵ
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ݵҪǮһݣɱȸ߼۷Ҫˣͷӻࡣ
ʳҪ͸ϵĶһͷëǮһݵĳ
ʳƱһëǮ˾ʮǮ
ҶǮʱ룬ȻӪ۸һЩôҲˣ¹ӸȻֻż
½Ȼ֪Ҷ湤ʶٵģһֹһͿˣԡȻһ¹ʲ٣н죬Ҳôѽ
û£Ҳôԣ˵ҪúǳԷġ
Ҷ涼ô˵ˣ½ȻٲͬҲֻѹߵĻ
ܿ˲ɫĿ½ȻһۣȻЦĶҶ˵Ҫô࣬ҿɲٳԳˡ
Ҷԣͷ˹һۣٳҲóԡԷ
½Ȼһţһҭ
˺ܿҶ涯֣½Ȼ͹һ˶һ̣кҶһȥϣ˳һµѡͬһλá
½Ȼ͹ܶǴˣȻԱ˴˲ȴҲᵱҶֳ
ϣ˱߳Աģյͦõġ
½Ȼ͹һҶصСԺȻ½ȻҪҶУίԺסҲˣҶ治Ը⣬һ£Ҳûڡ
棬Ʊ½Ȼһ£˵Ҫûʱ䣬԰ѻøңȥˡ
˵꣬½ȻɫĿ˹һۣƺ˵ô
ɫ䣬ֻǿҶЦŶ棬ǵóҩҪǲһҪңͷ°࣬Һ㵽վȥ
ҩʲôҩ½Ȼæʣ棬㲻
ûûУһѣⲻ󡣡Ҷæ֣ܴСˡ
½ȻæһˣȥϢɡһǵȥƱġ
֮⣬Լԣһˡ
ЦЦ棬ҪϢǸúϢȥ
֪ܣҲȥɣ·Сĵ㡣
½ȻԣһȻϣҶǿ࣬Թ̬ܵȴ׽һЩ
˶ûҪ뿪˼ҶҲߣ˵˼䣬ŽţȻ˵š
ܺ½Ȼ˶ŹϵԺźü룬һǰһת
½ȻĹܣĿڣҽһɣ
ð
ҽ濴ͦġ
ǣڱǰҪϤ
½Ȼһҭ
ƺû½ȻĲˬһº͵̲סҪٴκ½ӳлǰ鷳չˡ
˴˱˴ˣҲҪлҽ棬á½Ȼϲԣȴߵһ̲סҪһء
һ·ϣֱ˷ֲ·ڷֿΪֹ
ֿ󣬹ҪҶ׼ʲô緹½Ȼ룬ôҶסУίԺ
뵽·ϣƵƵҭס½Ȼղѡ
УɲҶ͹ԽԽ׽ˡ
Ҷ˵ȥ뿪֮ʲô飬Ժžһ˼ǷǸϽˮϴһɣԺ˯ȥ
˯ǰһͷҶ룬ʲôʱŹѽ


119 ٵԭ

ڶһ磬ҶʰŻϰĵ㣬ȥֵƱ
κϴβͬҶʶ˼Ϊֵĳ
ֵƱһһŮͬ־վ̨ϣƱֵľЦǺǵġ
ЦǺǵģƱľҲֺǺǵģµĹӦϸҪֲ߰˵⹩ӦҲһЩ
ÿһ㣬⣬ͣ㹽ҪƱģҪƱģܵģٵĶĹӦ
ҪǣϸӦһ棬һףòѾдûмϸˣ˻ˡ
̨ͬ־ĽܣȺľֿ˻ﶼи˳ӣԼ˿ڶ٣쵽Ʊ򵽶٣ܳԵʲô׼׼ġ
׺Ͱ涼ǰͷӦģǿעˣȥʱ˰ϣҪȻ˶ӣ󹤷򡣡
һЦ
֪֡
Ҳˣ˺ɺɾͰϹˡ
һЦء
˭ȥͻڣء
ôˣõʲôʱ
Ҷڰ˼ҪҪٹʱ򣬾ͼҾһ̧ۿȥֻһԱʱ̨ϵϵļƱʾҪʼˡ
Ҷ濴ǰͷӵˣҲûǰվ棬ں˻ͷʱǾȺĿⲢûʲôӦ
Ƕ˼䣬ԱſʼһᣬһƱ֤
Ʊȯӡˢģе˭֣ͰӦƱȯ˺ͨһӵƱȯһ鷢
һٶˣҲܿ졣
쵽ƱȯϹЦ˵ϽŲվ͸ʳȥˡ
ҶܿŸĸİĺ϶ſĵЦݣ߶ţ꣬£⡭ССޣ˾ɱ
ӣСӶڴܳӡ
Ҷ΢΢һСƨǲҲ
ܿ죬ҶҡͷСƨɲܺˣָЩСһΪܳһͿĵıQ
뵽ԼŤͷܣҶ涼֪Ҫ˵ˣ˵ʲôá
һԷ޴ҶԾŷֹ顣
ȥվھȥʳŶӣһ͹㣬׼˴Ĵײ˺ϹϾģٿ
֪Ҷ
ҲмаСӵͱĸȥŶӣƱȯ󣬸ȥºӣúѧġ
ҶĻ䵽Ҷ·ǱȽģȻʱҲˡ
մ˺ӡఴӡƱҶһѵƱȯûüأýֵ´ſƳǾĺҶ溮ˡ
Ҷͬ־Ʊ
ѽ
ô½ӳ
ǺǣƱѣԼͿˡ
Ҳǣ½ӳǺæġ
÷ƱԱҶļ˵ƱҲˣһԱſƳ칫С£Ҷ棬ӡ̣ҲĴк
һԱǵһμҶ棬ſƳЦĺҶ溮ѣȵĴۡ
쵽ϰʱˣſƳæҾˡ
úúãҶͬ־߰
Ҷﲻ֪ſƳôԭʲôֲЦˣ˵ֻǺѼ䣬ҲҪʲôҶ浹ǲ̫ų⡣
Ҷ浽칫ҵʱѾŵˣһ绹ûҲû룬ˮݲ裬ʼÿտճ
ʱźʱ߶ǴӱֽϵõģҶҲ˿ϰˡ
Ҫ֪ʱ򣬱ֽеλܶģ˿򲻵ֽ˵ûеλˣ뿴ֽ
ʮ˲İ칫ңϹſĵЦݣΪղ򵽲ٶء
һҶˣ羪ȣҶ£ôô磬ûȥ𣿡
ûءҶȣϰʱѵ˵Ʊ͸ȥϰˣ
Ҷһ±ƣЩЦϰٵǲԣȻֵ˵ˣѹҸղȥˡ
Ҷͷˡ
ǵλȱĵλԼվ͸ʳģǵλ٣ڽֵƱԣֻҪʲôرҪ죬һ㷢ƱȥŶˡ
һüȥŶˣͰƱȯ͸æȥôϻϰġ
Ҷˣֲãо칫¥һЩΪǳʲôȥˣԭŶȥˡ
һסҲûŶӣƱϰˣȥ治ͷȥųӺͼȺĩʱΪŶӽҴ߻صĳ
ֲνˡ


120 

һЩ꣬Ļ˵ʳײϹ߲֮ܲ˿дСģȥˣֻСģͬƱֻСģ಻ѽ
һҶһˣŮͬ־ԵҲ٣СҲСɡ
Һ˵ɷˣҼϴȥ磬ǰͷȥʱֵ˺ôһ⣬أٺʲˡ
ƱţſеʱӦʲôʱһЩ廨ӹꡣ
ڸʳ꣬ȥãݫأҼҰ˿ˣһһȫˣЩŪݫҲ￪硣˵˵ĵطϵЦݸˡ
ҶȻûȥҲ˵Щ
ǶԵģҶԹȥվʱƤĴͰİʹ׶Ѿˣ꣬ˡ
Ҷզ࣬ǰͷһ㶼ûС
һëһëǮһ๩Ӧģÿµı׼ҶһŽϸ
ΪйӣʣµĲ࣬ҶֻʣµĶˡ
һë˷ǮҶžŽϸ뿪վﰵ⣬ֲ˵ʻء
ʳÿ¾ô࣬ʮﶼ棬һҲͻ߿ǮܵģһĻǲ
˵һëǮһǰ˷ǮһҪЩѾ͸ˡ
Ҷ뿪վʱ򣬺ͷиϹͺɵģ᲻˶ΪϸĹӦĵϸϸܳԶãȻǶһЩĺˡ
һţĻ˭֪ûС
Ż˲Ǯ˴ȻһڴŴڴ뿪ˣҶ治Щݸ֪ĻΪô໨˶Ǯء
Ҷ滹жʮŽĴ򣬲ѹͲЩȻˣƱ˵ء
ʳ꣬ѾõˣʣһЩǲôõġ
Ҷ濴ʣµһЩ⣬ҪôƤͷ⣬ҪôһЩ׼廨⡣
ͷǷֵȼģòÿɺͺ˵һ
ῴòãҪ칻ԽǱģȼԽߣǮҲԽߡ
ǺĹŹʲôģǱȽϲˡ
ҶⰡվ̯ǰӣȻƱëǮˣһҪëǮ
¶๩ӦİƱҶϸºµĶƱҶɲһ˸ʳ꣬Ȼһ˾Ͷˣ죬Ҳỵ˵ûзſռ
Ȼ㶫Ҷǲмſռģš
Ҷӹ⣬ݹǮûԶأֵ⡣
һëһҪëһҪëļҪëˡ
ҶļǮҪһЩ⿿£ˡ濴ˣûвĽġ
ʣ˰һŮ̯ϵüٿҶ⣬Ľ룬Դʦʦ͸ɣҪġ
˵ţָָȻ⣬ʹ⵽
ʦĿȻӵ£ǸŮָһ飬ҪҪ
ʦҪĿɲ飬Ҫ顣Ůһˡ
㲻ҪˡʦҲȥһš
Ǯ⣬
ҪʦͰһҰɡһŶӵСϱ״æӵݹȥȻˬĸǮ
ʦ⣬顣ǸͷĸɾЦĶŴʦ˵һ
ʦõϱȻһ£þǸŮ֮ǰָһ飬ͷɾµһƣá
Ůһʱˣ٣㣬ҵġ
һۣ˵ʲôģҿǸǮ˵ģƱҲˡ
ǸŮһԼ˱ԼᣬԼֲģͷŸʳĴʦƾɶͲУ˾Ϳԡ
˵ʱָҶķ
Ҷ̯ǰأȥͼǸŮĵԼҲûᣬջĿ⣬̯ʦлǮ˻Ǯһ̯ȥ
ɶ˰ôҲɶеͲˣ
˵ֵһǰͷŮͬ־Ưò˵ϸģһҲˣʹʦлԼҪǴʦҲԸõŮͬ־
ǡ
ʦЦЦ˵ǸŮĴ˺õˡ
һˣ˵˼䣬ߡ


121 Ա

ǸŮҪٳһͼӵĹ򣬽ӶĶȥʮˣԽԽãȵƤǵģʲôֻʲôˡ
ҲͲʵ˵⣬ͳƱ˵˺ûһʼ⡣
ʵҲ֪ⶼǿʦģҶ棬ҶѯʴʦʦƢõİҶĺõ⣬һ⣬ȻҲͰͲסĿˡ
֪ҶԣֵͲˡ
ٳʳʱ⸾Ů̲סڲ̯˵ҶıӰһڡ
ʲô˰һҲ
һʮĴ㿴üһ䡣
ʦҲˣֺǺǵû£û£ܻнѵġ
һҲףЦǺǵĺʹʦ˵˼䣬Ǯ򵽵ˡ
ʦ˼ˣҲǣҲǸɵģ˭ãҪ︱ʳĴʦûʲô´ɾ֪ˡ
ʵǸŮ뿪ʳ꣬ͷһҲӦЩˡ
ǿҶ滨ٵǮ򵽽ӽ⣬Ҳմմˣ֪ûմϣ̯ʦˡ
СŮǺݺݵĵһڡ
ʳȻµģǼ̯Ҳ̫ԶҶҲһЩ׹Ⱑ㰡ʲôģÿʦ顣
飬ﶼء
ͱ磬㣬ǰͷһûл㣬ʦҲң˵ˡ
ҶʱҶҪ㣬ʦȻҶһ£ڵӣһĻ
з򲻵Ҷֻ΢һʣúɺϵ©ûȥĴз
о߲̯ŮʦײܲʣµĸͷǺܴҲĸҶ档
ҶŴӣӴӸʳɹɵʱ򣬲һ䣬ȻƳ˵ˣ˭Ҫٻ¥ۻԱ͹縱ʳۻԱ
⺵ԱյͷۻԱ¹ĸǿģ㲻˵ûҲԲܰɫҪȻһûˣƱǮҲ򲻵
ҶŲһˣ࣬಻٣ܵ˿Сʱ
һЩŴڴߵģҶ治ЩЦֲָӦΪʲôҪЩ
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ͬ־áҶ΢Ц
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лл̫鷳ˡҲһ䣬û뵽Ǳˡ
鷳
˵أ˹ˣҶԱæҲԼȥˡ
ͬ־һ߻ش˵⣬һƣˣ˿Ƕ˲٣ܶ඼ǽһͻˣ֮ǰһʮ¿ɲһ
Ķߣ鿴Ŀˣ
ţƺѯмͬ־͵͵ҶķʱȻãЩǳҶġ
Ҳ֣ûͬ־էһиƯŮͬ־Ȼǰ಻סˡ
ܲ˵ϻʶʲôȲ˵࿴ܲ˵ˣ쵽ͼſ飬ܱ氤ǿ
Ҷע⵽飬ֵ̨ͬ־˵һС˵кͻذ칫ȥˡ
ͬ־ڹ۲죬ȻҶ뿪Щűͦſƿ飬ʵ͵͵Ҷͬ־̯Ҳʼ޾
ͬ־һĻúЦҲ͵͵Цѽ
ҲûֶþͿʼæŵǼ
ҶһߣһЩͬ־Ҳסˣ׷װ黹ĻˣĽˣȻ뿪ͼݡ


122 

ȻһЩͬ־ŵӣĨǵҶͬ־Цеĵ˻ȥ
Ц죬ҶͷҶ°ҽԺĹοһ˲ţҶء
ͬ־°ʱÿҶ°Ĺܣ˲뿪̾ǰ䰡
ܰҶ棬֪ͰʳʳˣҲû˵ʲôͻؼңʹҴҸϻҽԺӰˡ
û취˵ݼ٣ľ¹ʣвٵĹˣҽԺæءΪƽҽԺ֣ȻҪϰˡ
ҶĻùߣԼԹ򵥵ʰ꣬ųĶ
ЩûԼռĺãȻˣҲƲ֪Ҫżˡ
ҶҲ˵ЩˣǰӸ磬Ǿú٣Щ˼ó֣ɲôΪƴǵӣҶ֪ˡ
ʱʿɲ࣬ҶӦûѽ
Ϊ˲ע⣬ҶڳԲòãţҲͲ֪ˡ
Ҷʱ½Ȼˡ
֪ҶСԺİٶǮ½Ȼǵһν
֮ǰУίԺ׼СԺҪҲһЩ
½ȻȲ衣Ҷкš
ԹûУ
Թˡ½Ȼͷֵҵسǰ£·㣬Ȼڡ
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ɢɢģҶκģ֪һЩôϺüµĹҵȯС
гǲ˵ˣûгƱĻùҵȯһٶأҶֱզ࣬Ҫһ²ŶʮǮʵ˵ôð
ǹʮǮһµģҲϾɢɢҲҪҵȯء
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½ȻԵͷһϵƱȯҲû˵ʲôɫҲˣΪ˱ӣ˼뿪ˡ
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ת°ؼңͼ½Ȼ֪ӳٽķúſڵ
½Ȼǣ
½Ȼһ¶ǵϸЦҿúҲûˣԽ䣬ûҪѩҲûʱȥúѰ˼ҽϢ죬Ͱѷúˣʡ㻹һˡ
Ҷ濴½Ȼⱻú̿Ūӣһů˵ͷæԺŴ򿪣½Ȼš
½Ȼ˲Ϻˮӳϵķúһ˵İǽźãֳŻٻѾǰСʱˡ
Ҷվڳſڣʱͷ½Ȼæëݹȥ
½Ȼ˼ʵ̫ˣһŪˡ
½ȻЦǺǵĽӹë˵ôȥʱ򣬱˶ֱء˵ţӳˮ״һЩˮŪʪëҲˮôҵĨһ
Ҷԣĵô֪ȥܱȰúʱŪˡ
½ȻĨĻᣬסǵЦݣϵúŪģȻҶһ֮ǰӲ˼Ҳмˡ
˵Żأ뿪Ժűã̤żˡ
һҶ½Ȼڳſվ˵ܴкһɨǸķúʱôһˡ
½ȻСӲԼӰ࣬Ȼܵˡ
ܻҶѷúأ֪½ȻһȻϲԣɹ½Ȼˡ
ܣãЪһᣬһȥԷ
ˣ½ȻúǮҰǮ㡣
ˡ½Ȼæ֣ûǮ
УһҪģûúúô໹õǮҶһ棺˵һǷǮƱء
ãһɡ
½ȻЦʲô㲻ǰҳһٷЩǮƱҲżã㻺һ˵
棬ͱҿˡ˵գ½Ȼܿת˻⣺ˮҺһ㡣


123 ˮ

ңȥ㵹ˮҶЩ˼æһ߽ݣһʵȲˮˮ
½ȻЦŻӦá
Ҷݵˮȥ½ȻˢϴëܵĿ½ȻӰһۣﰵӴúú
˭֪úаúʦ½Ȼ۸Ҷ»Щ͵زҪˢøء
һȵķúٽǮһ飬һǮ˵ţͳһǮݸëɹԺһǵϵ½Ȼ
½ӳ˵ĶԣɲæˣõǮǡǮš
һǮԱ˵٣ɶڹܺ½Ȼ˵ʲôһ˹ӲûǮʳóԷһҲûʮ˿ġ
Ҫúú֣ʵʵڵĿҶġ
֪½ȻС˼ﲻˬȻҪƻġ
ҽ˵ʲôôǮǰúˡ
½ȻҶǮȻչܵǮˣЦҶʲôˣʶɱĶˣҼסƾʲôǮ
ƾ׽һЩ
ðɣȷҪ׽һЩ
һ뵽½ȻЩܿ͵ãҶˮǰѹܵסЦǺǵĽӹȻһһ롣
ġ½ȻЦ
ʵ𣬵ˮҶģ½ȻţͻȻãˮҲúȵġ
ܣҪҪһ㣿Ҷתͷʵ
ܻһº͵ǳЦˣ½ӳ˾ͺãֲǵһˣҪȣԼ
ҶһЦЦ½ȻﻹһЩٺȣҲûˡ
ǻ˼½Ȼ˾˵ԼǿˣҪкԼˣˮԼ֡
űӵֽ˽½ȻﲻˬˮҲû
᱾ҲǷ㣬ҪǹһڣҶҲͲˣ½ȻҲڣ˰æ˵ǮҶҲ˳Է
ƫƫֲռʳҲóϲ˰ɣߣǳԷȥ
ȥˡܿڡ
½ȻҲͣ棬ڼ԰ɡ
Ҷˣңǳȥ԰ɣҲ
ǲҪתˣѹǳɱֺ
ǣҶ˵ԼԼһסôԷ⣬ҽȥֻô˵
Ҫ˵½Ȼһѻ˵˳
û£
һ½ȻܿҶ棬ºЦˣųԾͿˣ
ֲǵһθˡ
ƮƮһ仰׼һչֵ½Ȼˡ
ݣ
չ˵ǹİɣ
ʲô˲ģǰæڣˣơ
ҶһѾһǰһȻЦһæˣһ£ЩƣˣԼɿ񲻺á
ǲҲû취ʵڲᰡȥֻҡ
ҶʲôһĿȻܺ½Ȼ΢һ£ˣ໥˵䣬ȷҪʲôˡ
ǾˡҶվڳſڣܿڣܣ죬Ҫʲô㿴á
䣬ֶ½Ȼ˵½ȻҪʲôҪҳȥһ¡
Ҷ˵ţϿͳȥˡ
СʱҶƿƣ˻ˡ
ǿռģȥġ
ҲȥļʱøۻԱ׼ţ˵䣬ҲͰ°࣬Ѿˡ
Ҳ򲻵ʲôþƣֻϰ׸ɣɽƣƱˣҶʹǮϰ׸ɡ
ƿҪһƿҪǮһƱǮҶ汾¾ƵСţһҲûʲôõģ룬ÿռģҲ뿪˹硣
װһľ⣬ǹܰԵģҶɲˡ
һǶɳ⣬оƤֽһ±
ȻһŪĲ˼򵥵Ĳټˣһгһײˣоһ⳴ݫ⻹еıģûƬҶƣⶼò⡣
׸ǴףûҲûкɣûвҪȻҶã˿϶ʳġ
ܺ½ȻԼͬҶʡʳ֪⾡ɵãתţ˾ƣʳ
̰ȻȥҶ棬½Ȼ͹ܶһۣ˵һվͬһӪ
棬ôƷˡ֪ǳЩˡ
½ȻΣһǵ㹤ʿɲ


124 ̫Ҫ

ȻҲҶƷѣɶ½ȻĻȴǲͬģֹʲû£ء
Ҷ棺ֲԣˣǾͱ˵ˡ
죬Էɣһ᷹˸Ҫˡ
ˣٻ¥ˣߵĹ˾ƣҲǽͺȰɡ˵գҶ¶һҲ֪Щƺòõ
ҶȷûȹЩƣҲ֪۸Ŀ϶ǺõģԲϰ׸ɡ
ռĺþƲ٣Ҷ治óû취һͲǹеģǰٻ¥Ҳ׼⼱ҴҵĳȥһСʱƿϡеĺþƻɵӶ֪⡣
ˣȷû취ԣǹܺ½ȻҲͲپᣬķǰһһ£ܺȻҶұߣ½Ȼ״ȻҲҶߡ
˳ԷôҲûʲôףҶû룬к˿ʼԷ
ܣ㰮Ե⣬صظġҶЦӯӯĸܼвˡ
Ȼо½ȻȥȻһ£Ҳָһӣ½ȻҲһ㡣
ǰ½ӳúҪһ㣬صдġ
֮⣬ǿ˲ҪдﶼǺųԵġ
Ҿ½ӳһ
½ȻЦž˱ӡ
ƿƣܺ½Ȼ˿Ҳһ˺ͣˡ
һ⣬½ȻȻѡ
չ˵ĺòҪ浥ƣҲ֪ƭˣҲ룬ŸջһŮͬ־ôǮ
̫Ҫˣ
ôʰԲȵë
һٷСʱĹҲͳԺˡ
Ҷʰܺ½Ȼֿϴϴ룬ˢˢմֵģԻˣͬ־ڣҪ֣
Ȳʱ½Ȼ뵽ʲôƵ˵ҽϲⰡ
šӦһҶﲻһĨᡣû˵ֻ֮ǰһγԹͼһл͸
½ȻЦãҹҪȥһũǱ⣬ҵʱһֻúҽһٺõġ
Ҷžȣũ˽򰡣
һ½ȻݣҲͲˡ
΢΢һЦǸãɲ½ӳƷѻ飬Ǯ͡
˵ҽģɱҿˡ
ǿô˵Ҳ룬ô˵ˡ
Ҷ治ȥˮͷӸˮˮĹͱ˾ˣңﶼʣõҶŪ
ôˣʹûУҶƲ죬Ҳû˵ʲô
ȥУίԺԲʣҽԺļԺҲʣһסţ˵ˣⶼǷġ
һᣬۿ˵ˣҲˡ
Ҷߺ󣬹ԺŲŻݡ
ܺ½Ȼһߣ˷ֲڲŷֿ
½Ȼ뿪ıӰվڷֲڵĹüͷûס½Ȼʵڹġ
ǴҶȥԷȻȥӰģ֪½ȻڣԼļƻֻøǳˡ
½Ȼߣ黹Ĵ˿ڣúһҽϲռŮͬ־ıˣҾúõĴѪһѡ

죬СԿС١£촩µ޿˸ӳĬˣ˻ϴ޿ʱڼɹĵڼС١ŵʱҪһЩ
Ҫ֪֮ǰС١ŵģ׼ȷ˵˺С١Ͱˡ
СʵûסѯС١ǻǷܵĻش
С١㵽ôˣ
ĵڶ죬С°ؼңС١ƲֵģҲԵ˲٣ûסٴˡ
ǰֿҶ棬ȻӵܿˣС١ѹġ
ѯʣĬ˼ӣˡ
㲻ϲңҡ
˵⻰ʱС١˿ǻ
Сգס̾һ룬Ҳ֣ûûʵģҲûʲôֵ˸߿ģϲҲ
գСȴ⿴ܵܵ¶ޱµ޿㣬ʵ
޿ģ
ġС١ͷ⻰̧ͷϿȥ޿㣬۾΢΢𣬵Ƭ̺
㰡޿ƽǵİٻ¥ûеĸߵ˭·
СҲҶĽӽֵΪʼգǵܵܽӽ˼ңΪо׽ģ˵˼ҲǱʶܵܵġ
磬㲻죬˵С١ѹĶ˶٣ŵı飬˵ˣԺҪȥˡ


125 Ժ

Ҫ㣬ô·˵õܴܵ⡢Ϲϻ
ɱվ滹أ˵һʡųԣֵ˳µˡ
˵Ϲϣ𿴲󣬿ֺʵ˵ʳˣͷҲҵôõġ
˵ˣСˣϵġ
С١͵͵ģҪС׾Աߣп
ɵô˵С׿ȴɵĵܵܣЩɼµĿԼûסˡ
·СˣƱڣܻģ˵ˣƱݶˣҲתˡ
С١ԣ۾һ𣺡ѽ磬˵·ǽרŸģ
С׼С١һ¾ͳǳ˳飬ֹҿûô˵
ררŵĿɲ˵·˵ܵܵġ
ѽһ޿ɲˣˣרŸġС١ϵʱųõЦ
ƭңƭҵġС١ĵҾ֪ҵĸоģܺúܺء
꣬С㡣Сһܸܵ˵ԣæš
Ժĸɲãô˵ˣԼҶˡ
С١ҲӦЦͷ
ңȥҽ㡣
˵գС١ҪţȴСһס
ˣҲʲôʱˣϵģȥˡ
֪ס
С׾ȣҲܵܵ˼Թš
̫ˣģˣ컹ϰء
ǰĻûаС١ȰסĻС١ԹԵȰˡҲǣô죬ǲҪȥŽˣһ˯ء
ȥ
һѹüЦĵܵܣСǳ˳飬û˵ʲôĻ
ڶ죬С١ϲصȥҶ棬ɵһţСʱû˻ֻʧ뿪ˡ
죬С١ȥһΣȥһΣÿÿţ֮ǰΣҲȷԼûߴطҪΪǴˡ
ɲɵģҶ涼ҽԺȥˣ緹͹һԣҲǺһ𣬹ܰҶͻʱ򣬶Ѿߵ˵ˣС١Ȼˡ
ڵܵûҵ˶ʧģСҲûʲô취Ҫô˰ˣҪô³Զˡ
С١ʧ죬ܿʹûϵֻҪڣǺܼܿġ
ԣԷɡСεӦһ䣬ȴ۵ĸС١˸һЩĺ࣬ǳϡһЩġ
δҵĴӹȢϱʱⲻ˶࣬ɲҪܣڼš
С١һڷӦˡ
˵˼ҰϲºǼûʲôϵֵʱһ˭Ǽ˳ʳʲôģֵ˱˵úùˣ°³ʲôҪ
СףˣɽҲѰʲôһɽһ£УȥһǮҲùꡣ
ϴС١ҶʮǮ飬СҲû˵ʲô֮ǰ˻ʮǮء
ʮǮûôײãسϰ࣬ҲҪµĶӡ
ܿ죬͵ˡ
ϿƵСϽ飬Ҷ°󣬺硢Ŵһ𣬱ıԺȥ
ŵͬڣûеԺأֵ
Ŵĳᳵ·ǰߣҶ벽ΧĻ
ûнԺأѾϼֵСˣЩСӴ·Ǵ˵·СģҪôҲϴ󴫸϶϶ġ
֪Ժ˽飬ܳԵһŰŵǹСӱƽʱʵҲԵһЩ
˵СҲѡúá
ʱ飬ǰټٶϼ첻˵Ҳ׼Ķϲƣ˭ĵϵ㶫Сο˵Ķ񣬾Ԥһˡ
СкˣһԼλˣҶҲˣæ첽к
Ƴá
Сסֽҡ£лתŴҡҡҶ棬ֻҳǺǵЦ
Ŵ㣬ллллˡ
Ҷ£л͹⡣
ҶЦЦϲ
СεĵǼҾ߳ĹˣܵûѧûйڼˢϴԼڸбҵͼϰ࣬Ȣһڷ֯ϰĶϱСεĵһֱúο
СЦݣԼ˹һһܣһϵЦݰ춼²ȥ
ԺĻʵãѾϸĴɨˣɸҵĵطң˵˶ˡ


126 Ů

Ŵͼݰϣһ´衢ëůˮһ
ҶҲһůˮȥͺһվţŴ㱻Сεһл
ⲻǸվҲϰ࣬ڴԺ̧ʰأէһҶ棬סĳ۵һµ£ҵԼĽš
ϯΰʣһԼҵĳˤˣ۵ϴһ¡
Сӣˤʲôأˤ׵ϳԷ
ǣҿɶǸأŮͬ־ˡһҲͲ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
ʲôأŮͬ־ĸݵӰܵԺٿЩӰ㲻˵ţ¡
СҲԶȻˡ
СŤͷǱߺ˵ʲôء
ǵλĴͼݵҶ£Ϲ˵Ųʰ㡣
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˵ӰǺûҶҲȷĺã˵أĵӰǿɾͲǺûˣСκ˲ýĺӣܻ
һԺסŵģ̧ͷͷģԱߵھһæȰ͡
СΣϲӣҲ
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ǰǰǵλĴҲСģϵġ
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ץץԴҲ˵ʲôֻõͷ̲ס͵͵̧ͷҶķۡ
ѵӲһ۾Ҷۣ˼ֲö˽Ҳۡ
һֳʲôεСæкùԸСãƳҶºŴȥɩӺúдҺġ
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ɩӣҸ絥λĴƳŴ㣬Ҷ¡
һæվЩĿˣ˵һЩлĻкȥһЩӺϲץ˾һһѵ
ҶﱻһѣҪ˲ǣҪҲʣŴ㶼ЦǺǵ£Ҳ͸ק
Ŵں˵ҶֻһţҲ·
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·һ˫ĴӣϲһЩŇֵĶӴļױ
²ŷֺ촲Ĵһ𣬸һź첼ѹһȡ
ǽ˺ſһĺֽ˫ϲӴһĺɫްͻӿӾڴϡ
һһ˫ľ˱컹һЩӰ˵ĶٵļʲǽǣһСղźӾ淭һСǹ͹ߵġ
һסⲻʮƽ׵ķΰʵȼʲռ˲ٵطˡؼСڻȢϱ
ټһˣҶҲ֪֧˷û·ĵķ»޿ôӡ
·ЩҶҲˣ棬иſ̽ͷȻǿӣɲ߶Ҷɨ
Ϊ˲ѿҶ˵һߡ
Ӽ״æкҶ¿ɲҪԶһͿϯˡ
˵ţڵҶ棬Ҷ״ЦһµͷģҾڸԶ
Ҷ⻰ŷ
ҶĴڻӷͷ飬СϱɲôãҶ¾ƯûǻҶһ·˻Ҳ
ûŴƳȻ˵ŻûҶ£ȻԼ˵λĴȻʧ񣬵úúкˡ


127 ǽ

ҶμСεĻ񣬿ѵõ顣
ĽĽᱻ˷ͷ
ҶһţӾ͸Ӵ˸ɫȻźӶ䣬עŵҶ£˲࿪ϯʱҪϯ
æӦ£æľͳȥѰҶˣֻ˶༷ĺܣֱø¨ҸתûҶӰ
ǵһμҶ棬һЩСԶԶΧҶ濴ţ㼷ңҼġ
Ҷ״뵽ԼǣְǷָĽСӣǹСҲ˲Χˣ׷ŷֵܿˡ
ԺԺֵʱҪȥҪһˣҶ濴һۣһ£ͷߣҶ֣ͷҪһЩ
һῪϯҵضųԣطҲͳˣʱҸǰҲ㡣
С١ûгţԺֵģҲûгŸŴ֣ӽŵʱ̽ͷһۡ
ԺС˵δ˸һĽ㣬С١ڼĻһֹʲôһƯƯأһ
Ҷߣһ·ϿŸſڱߵ̨룬ߵѻſһҪء
뵱һЩʱҲΪ̫࣬ɥʬ׷ʱȻסɥʬͬʱҲס˲ٻŲ·ˣɥʬɲʹȻǱסɥʬĿˡ
뵽Ҷ治ʧЦҡͷôʲô뵽ĩأûĩš
ͻȻҶǰ߲ԶҶô̽ͷС١
Ҷ˴ԺʱʶĿһԺСӣûС١ڣŲͬһԺϾ⸽ĴԺɲ١
ῴųˣһ£׹Сƨûȥ˴֡
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ô

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ļҾ߳濿ǽһſľϵ˫㴲һһŷʣоһװ·ӡ
ſڵĽһЩջõľһڹͼðשС̨ϡ
Ҷɲǰ߸ѥӣվһ˲о
С١վߣ˿Ҷ棬ֿ˿ԼֽŶ֪ˡ
֪ˣЩ˵ĳһÿĽ㣬ǽɣ
ǣô
ͺδȢйϵ
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С١Ӧæϴһûôڵ룬һõĻҺڵǵůˮﵹһˮ
㣬ȿˮ
Ҷ⻰ջشĿ⣬һ۽űߵĳʣԥһ£ȥˡ
ãȱȵĳʵĺܽʵûҶˤͷ
أ
С١ԹԵĻش𣺡ȥϰ࣬Ҫ˵Ż
ô֣ôûȥ棿
ڼš
ҶЩƼңʲôصģҲûջ𣬺һ䡣
ԺЩСȥڣҲΪûջļš
С١ƺҶ뷨н⣬Ȼʳ˶֣öˡ
Ҷ濴һۿŷŵףƾС١˵һµĿ˰ɣ
⣬Ҷ濴һȦĿڹһСĳϣ룬ĶӦþǷġ
ԹûУ
С١ҡͷžȥˮշġҪ°ൽˣһȺġ
㣬ҪҼԷ𣿡С١ʰգԺһѰﶼǴɺ͸Ͳˣ϶Բϰߵġ
ﻹǿԵģҲ֪ԲԵĹߡ
ˣ黹ûжأӦܳԡ
ˣ˾⳴ɣϹϡ


128 

С١ƻʱҶҡͷԡ
ǸλĴμǴԺСεĻģһͳϯˡ
СҪҶ󣬲ŴôУҲ޿ɺǡ
˭СβһԱҶǸء
ǽСθһλĿͼϰࣿ
谵ú͵ưС١һ˫۾ĵޱȣ˫ʱĵӰҶЩڵƿĿ⣬ֲİϵú͵ƵһЩ
洫СǹֵҶ֮ǰǶָСˣҲѲ
ͣҶץ˼ǹϣ˴ǣɿͽǣɢɢģԼһࡣ
˵ʵڵģղСμҵϲҶڰٻ¥ʲôõǿ飬ǱȽϱ˵ˮǣһǴǹֽװģǲǹװֽĵ
ǹ͹ӻװһץһѣǹϻŹӺͻмҶĩѵ꣬ϵĽ񱵽绹Ǹı䲻ˡ
ҪǾĩٶһЩͣҶڱһѴмЩճֵǹʱһͶȥȻϴȥˡ
ԳźҶһСΧԼͺܸɴİקŵǹֳȥȻתŴƾʪɾԼ֡
ЩǹҶ֮ǰûиԺСӣҲС١ԵģռֲûʳˣûҪЩǹ
ԭ롣
С١۵ĿԼҶû㶢ҿʲôǹ
Щ
ҶĻԾͳԣô໰
С١⣬Ҳ⣬ЦǺǵģԹԵһŴǰֽǷζ˲ӿ

˵ĶԣûҪȻôôóԵǹ
ȻС١ûгԵСμȢǹ֪Сμ׼ϲһǱȲϽġ
ɵģ˻Ц
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ʱС١ֿİϵǹɨһȻصϡ
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С˵ţſˡ
ߵˣСζˣҶҶ¡
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Ҷ滹ΪԼС١ﱻƼСβҹģһϾȵı飬ʱĳС١ֵ˵ġ
С١Ҷĵͷ²ſŵģСζҶĳƺȷ֮ǰĲ²⡣
Сθ磬Ҹ绹û°࣬ҾͲȥˣҶ׼ˡ
ʲôѽСβǾһ£عԺҪϯȥԾˡ
ˣڼԵԵľͿԣҸҲܳԡ
Ҳ°ˣҹȥԣһһݳԵġ
ҶҲڣһȥ԰ɡ
ĳСκС١Էûһٵ˼ڣƽС١ֵ˺СμҴҲ̬Ⱦ֪ˣҪȻҪһæĽŲմصɹٹˡ
Ҷ治֪ǣСμܹС׵Ķݣǰĺ£ҪСþˤںͬڵСεСεѩҹﶳˡ
ԣԺ˶ٶСֵǵСһҶֵһֱĴмġ
С١ҡͷģҶ濪ں͹ԹԵͷˡ
Сһﰵ棬֪С١ҪСҪǿĶ࣬û׸ı뷨
߰ɡҶС١Դһѣĵͷͦġ
С١ͷҶЦһҲԼö˶˵ıһԴ
СοһĻӳԾˣҶ¿С١ͦİ
ϯҪģС١Ҷһ۾Ϳˣ󶼲мģŴ㡢ǽǮҲλ񣬵С١ɲһ
С١Ե٣СҲû񣬿ȥϯҪǹء
ҶٳС١ʱͣӲͳһԼʮˣǸܷװġ
֮ǰģǻ˶ࡣף»֣úϡ
Сһ£ҪܾģǿǾĶ²ŷһκƱÿβŰ
תһ룬Ҳ׹ҶǰС١أԼҲڴԺС١ֵܶչһɣ
⣬ллҶ¡


129 ʼ

С١Сǰͷ·Ҷ󣬶С١
·ϣСδҶ治Ļ֪ʶС١顣
СŤͷһС١ĵС١ҲãðҶһæҶ´ˡ
˵ҶҲһôС١Ҫʲôʱ򿪿ڣֻҪ֣Ҷ¶һѵġ
ҶɲСôģͳûкƱ򲻵ĺǣҪСζС١ֵչһ˼ҲСζ룬ԽԽá
棬һȦûҵҶ棬ԺͺͬڶȥˣҲûҵżأͼԼҶϯˡ
С١һҶԱߡ쵽ԺʱСοˣðдһҶ¡
С١ҲҡͷˣҾͲˡ
϶ҪģҪǸһʲôҲ㶪
СλҪȰҶֹˡ
ɡҶҲСƨԣһζѣ´λ֪ʲôʱأûҪСƨΪʸ֮ġ
Ҷ˴ԺˣǣʱһʼûκεԵɵġ
СȻǿҶϲ˵С١ģɼҶ涼ô˵ˣȻҲͲ˵ˡ
ϯʱҲˣԺֲѣ˼˵ģǴһ
Ҷ滹СεĿ·£Žλá
Ҷ£ŴˣһҶ棬æк
ҶֺԺƺһЩ
ҶںſڣһΪء
ҶЦûУˣȻҪ񣬴մˡ
ȻҶû˵ʲôҲ֪ǲϰĳϵģ֪ûߣҶӡӵĺˡ
֪ΪʲôҶֺ۾ƺˣڱ˶Ȥ֣˳ʫʲôģҲϵͦá
ӲûԺеĸŮֹʲôӵķͷҶˣ⡣
ɲɵҶμӻǸӣֲǺˣʲôġ
¹˼һҲҪﲻٸŮҪԶ
С˵ˣһǰǿҵһԱ飬Ŵȥ˶һˣСοɲһƳҶˡ
ʲôǺܴӣҪ˦ǲԴżˡ
һˣڻͷʦһУϯˡ
ʱԺˡ
ĴԲҶˣӷ֯鳤ͼѣоСη˴ŵ
ǺԼڱ
ϵĿӻַܿŹǹӵĺۼҶƲʱСһվǱµץһѴˡ
ṉ̀ȥܿ켸Ȼһһһ˫ӡ
ĻɫһٶлڣҶףҲǽģӦòǽԺģΪԺ˵ļҲʲôǡ
ڻͷʦķԸ£׳꿪ʼŴͰ̧ÿһߣȻмļˡ
ܲ˿ײˣ˿ʳӴл
Ȼûи߼۷Ӷ࣬ҲûйӪŨ
ԸµĸȻҶҪȱ˵Զϲٵӡ
ҶûƫͷһС١ڵķöЦݣڳԣҲû˵ʲô
ϲ˺Сεĵк£֯С鳤ϵĲƵƵ¿꣬²֭ˮɽϵʱһƬǽ壬Ҷһ͸û¿ӵ뷨ˡ
Ŵ㵹ֿ죬ԺԼ˺üĲ˺󣬱ĳĲˡ
һٲһǾþɳоġ
ҶĿ⣬գЦЦ
Ҷ״ҲЦˡ
һЩҶͣˡ
ѽҶ£һ㡣СклƳŴҶ°æ֮μҺСεĻ񡣡
СҲЦǺǵҶ£ÿһ㣬˸ңȥ򡣡
ҶЦЦҹˡ
ƳŴ㣬ǹһ
һ˿ԳԣŴвģȻܾˡ
Ҷ濴ЦӯӯС䣬ﰵɻסڴԺһӼһʮƽ׵˵ʲôתһ죬ʮˣһ±ӶûУôôģ
ʱҸҪָô
ҶܿСĺܿģʱʱԵСεĿܿ


130 ˮ

ˮҲܱ
ԣҲô˵ȻһЩҲûԡ
Сһֱкˣﶣ䣬£һС۵ĸϼӵĲˣĶСγڡ
һĻֹҶ濴СεҲˣ˸ˣϵЦݾûͣ
Ҷ֪Си˳ӵġ
޸СΣһǽӴСһʱ䣬ϲҲɵò׵ϰ࣬Ʒתͷּ޻ũ壬ǲв
ũ巿ȻɵֲǳԵƷ
Ȼ˵Ůܶ죬ڹϣŮͬ־Ҫͬ־֣һǮ߷ǮһʮҲëëǮ
һȥũæʱеʱҲûʲôֿ׬һ굽ͷиٿǮˣ˵ũ嶼ùֻŮ׳һĿҪٶ
ҪǼϵСģǾ͸ˣϸȻǿһӡ
ũûвƱҵȯЩҪһЩַǵЩƱȯɣô죬ֻùֵĹ绻
˼ҴԼҳԶǿˣûƱȯ͵ʳǵĴ۸ֲߣҲ߷ǮһһٶܻʮǮ
˶ٻ첹һЩ޲ʡһ껹ҪʮǮģãҪûǮһһ굽ͷǷӵǮͲˡ
ɵϰͲһˣ˳򻧿ڣһ¹ʲʮ飬ÿ»жʮ˽ʳأ˵ڶѾʽˣÿ¹жʮǮ
Сö֪ĽܱнϰƷϸԼ˵ܻоԱ˵СҲ̸һʱˣǺ̸ۼ޵ʱ򣬾ͳ˽飬֤Ȼˡ
һסڶʮƽ׵ȷũ巿ԽģҲ󣬿ǳƷĳ򻧿ڰ
ȻСνֻסڹżɵڳˣԺ˺ӣҲǳﻧڣҲǳԵƷⲻũ泯ǿô
˵ˣ˷֯һӿԷ֣ʱһ£˵лֵء
СҲȷģϾҲãǣСεĵλͼѽҲǳ򻧿ڣʱֳ벻СǱ뵽Ҳͦá
ٲãҲǿԵģСζᡣ
μӻСӸˣֻҪƳҶ´ˣŴҲϤˣ浽ͼݷַӵʱǰ˵䣬ǷֵӵϣǴ˲١
Ҷɻʱ򣬸оһѵߣ̧ۿȥͼСһĿԼ
ҶƣԼˣ
Ҷ֪⹤֮ԶΪҶ˶ӣϾҶˣ˾ˣ⹤һֵģ͸ˡ
ﲻɽС飬˵ҲǺƤģȻֱ˵ʲôˣⲢҶ档
Ҷ治ףҲᣬ˼ۣҲ£ֻɨһۣƿˡ
ѱҶ̼ӲˬĵƯ˲𰡣Ưܱȱ˳Եĺð
أĻڵģһҲء
ʵҶ촩ĺܼ򵥣ɫ£װɫ֯ǺɫӣѥҲǸ߸ЬǺɫİ߸ѥӡ
һûа˵ҲµģӸǲȻڶ˿Ӳ˳ˡ
Ҷ濴Ժﲻ˶ǳһ룬һؼҵģ˿ԼʣµĴŲӵԥһ£ǼԻǶű˵߾ô˷ˡ
֪ʱڣʳţ˷ѼΪɳܣʵڳԲ£ǿԼ
С١굽ˮͷǰϴãҲĲԶҶˡ
С١ԥһ£ǹȥˡ
㡣
㡣Ҷݹȥ
С١ҳԹˡ
֮⣬㲻صظ
ҶȻʣͷƺҲûʲôõģǺһЩ˼ӣضǸɾġ
͸˵ˣйģͼ飬ʣµ鶼ûġ
ҳԲˡ
С١һ£ԹԽӹ
ʱСùһûõĴ룬粽ʱ̨ȥץľƴĴɨڴͰ˹Σһײ˳
С١˶˻ؼȥ
⣬δˡС١Լֵֻ룬ֿһºδ룬æܾ


131 ǵ

δʲôˣšˣɻûгء
һĻȻԺһЩ˿ɵֹۿ
ǿδ˰ӵ쵼ͬǰĶá
Ҿ;Ƕ࣬Ůͬ־ҲǿС١ʣµѡȻô˵ЩĽмأҪǸӾͺˣ緹ʡһЩʳ
ҾҲǡֲʲô˵飬δôһŪĺ쵼Ϊ࿴һ
δЩлЩ฾ƨղϴĺ˵ˣҶºС١ֵ˹ϵ˽¸һĺǡ
㲻Сͷӵľ֮һĺǣС١˶Ǻμռ˵ġ
С١룬ʣµȻû취ģεִץ˼ŵСȻӹԼĲ룬˵ųԷҰС١˻ȥ
С١СܾɺεѾŲǰˣֻÿ˿Ҷ棬ͷǸ˺ε
ʱһ˴ƹЩŷһԳԵˣ·ӵԺеκʳͣߡ
ҶڶοСףС׿ҶʱҲԵһ¡
СҲСˣæڣСףãԷ
Сף˰죬ϴԷδհһڲˣŤͷһæк
С׿ܾˣδڳʳóԹˡ
䣬ֿڣδ磬ϲ
ллллͱˣһԷԺһǿİʵҷ϶վţǶŵĳԵġ
Ӷ˲˵ҲԵĲˣҲϻвˡ
˭֪СŵܵС١ʳϵûʳãȥϰ඼ǴӼôԼʳóԡ
治ˡСκͺδ飬Сײòͣסѡ
С١ڼأǳţȻȥ
СһͷŶԣȥҵղŰС١һ˻ȥˣҪǲԣȥҲС
С١˲˻ؼˣ
С⻰ЩȣС١ǲǼĽˣ
С١һ˻ˡ
Ҳû¶һ£ûбʾҶӡ
Ҷһ󣬿ϲ֭ɵһĻʵסˣŻڳԵŴƳŴ㣬ЩԣҾͲˡ
áԱߡŴͷҶղŰѶСӵľٶûʲôŮͬ־Ե٣֣˵Ҷ¿ҲһڳԵģԲ֡
磺Ҷ£ɱԶһǾͻȥˡ
ҶЦЦţ֪
ҶʱС乤С鳤ʶĿһۣҪ˵һֻŬʣȻڣһǸƳ룬һĸµȻȲƳĴˣǾͲżˣ߳űߺ̸
ҶҲûطȥ˵ԼߣɿŴͿƳҪһߣŵһᡣ
ҶٴεС١
㡣С١ĵЦ
СڳԷҶҲͷк
˿ЦСףֿ˿ЦǺǵС١Ҷֵ֣ԸҲ̫˰ɡ
һ𣿡
Ҷ⻰ЦôҪס𣿡
С١ڵһ£ͺˣæҡͷǣǵġ
ôסء
˵˲ȫҪǻȥҺ͸һͽ㡣
ãһǿƳһߡ
ŶС١գԹԵͷ
С׼ڰĳԷС١ƵģĵĿҶ棬Ҷ治ЩΣһ£ʵ㲻ϲǣ
СӲϲĶ
ǿˣͷЩСӣõһŰǶ᲻óԵģСڵţһڣȻ¶ϲı顣
ôٵǹҲԣϣֱء
С١ͷҡͷҳ˲ڴϵĲŵҶǰ㣬ԡ
ϲܶԣװôǶҲϲǵģԸһŰžͺˣҪǶˣǽʲô
Ҷǳһ£ˡ
СóԵĲˣӵܴܵ˲Ŀ￴ǹףܵܵģһҶ棬С䶯һ£û˵ʲô
㣬ѽС١ѲҶǰơ
Ҷ棺Լ԰ɣҲԡ
ʵĴ˹ģ˵װģܳԵĴõģûзŹ
ʽʳʤʲôԣҪȥԸСƨǹô


132 

С١¶ŵı飬ҶҲ˵С׳ϴˢʱӰͳһֽ򿪺һţƵĿ
Բԣ
ҶһСſʡ
С١ҡͷֻţͣһ۾ƿˡ
ҸղųԵĺܱ˵ţɰԼĶӡ
Ҷ浹ҲûʲôȤζҪС١ǼЩȡ
ʳʳ֪ģС١ãҲ˵õĿƣҪôҪôѾƿصıȴ˻Ҫá
һüֵܶĴܵû˵һţǰԵ㣬ʾԣȻΪ
ҶС١ĺܺá
Ҷͣˣе㶫ʱѡ
ƽʲô
С١ԹԻش𣺡żҰˣȥһ仰ѹ˲١
ҶվС١ͻѧУѧϰĺãҲû˵ʲô˼䡣
ʣµţɰҶûջذǰֽŵС١װǹĲ
㡭
С١ûʳ
С١ڲڼң
ѯʣ˵
ʱҶһμʶС١ֽ
ɿİѲһϣڵڴƼȦȻصȥ
Ҷһ飬ôʲôϲأһ룬ˣʱضҲֻǴˣϾ˭ҲܵҵȥϷǡ
С١ЩʱģǰòӣҶغú󣬴š
ҶģţǰѵߵĻȥ
ҶҶ£ҸѰ㣬˵ƳŴԤҪȥˡ
ȻҶܺƣҲưĿˣӲ֪ΪʲôҶǰͳŵ˵Ҫ֪ǻӣԺһЩͬкӶ
ã֪ˣлл㰡Ҷ泯ЦЦ
С١Ҳ⻰ˣỽһ㡭
Ҷͷ˼ţһȥˡ
ΪҶǲС١͵˼С١Ҷ˼ţųԣøˡ
ָˣţɣһһ
һﲻ࣬ţɿɲѹӣһʡЩԣܳԲء
Сʱ뿪ĺӺҶ棬ͺӼ򵥵ĵ˸ͷҶϵʱȻЩϰߣǳҲͷкˡ
Ҷ£ҲͺС˵˲ʮ仰Ȼֵ˵˽ĲˣǴС١ʳģСף죬˵кڣҲû˵ʲô
˼ԱߵĺŤͷһСףҶۼԺһյݵп˺Щ죬ҲЩ˼ɬ
ҶգЦЦ
˵С׻٣üĿģȻûС١ĿɰȴҲԺģģӺС£ͻϲСҲͲˡ
С׸ĸ˫һܵܣû˸ܹܵҲȢ޷ּˣûйҪТõĹɩΪѣҹ͵
޸СףǺӾͺûҲ࣬ϾҺͷҾһ
ôһ룬Ҷú۹ܺá
ԺȵŴ磬ҶŻ񲻼롣
СκСҶһͳԺ͵ͬڣԶˣתؼҡ
ŵ㲻Զˣŵ·ƾ͹أ˽ŲɵĿˡ
ҶסҶ·߲Сʱľ룬ŴҪԶһЩˣ߽ĻҶҪ˷ֿ
ʱ򣬾ŵ㵽ˣ·ܿһŵϨˡ
Ŵ綼ֵͲ򿪡
£ϳȫֵͲڳҲñֵ磬ʱֵͲͺĿɳĿɲһǼӳŵصֵͲ
Ҷһʼ½ȻϰͼҲһ
ɫͲָУβĸӻиɹ߹ҶĻҲΪβĸӡһͷлͷֵͲ
ֵͲÿÿһϳҹ·ҶʱǷ㡣
Ȼ£ץＦļڣҲץıرߡ
ֵͲҲиǱȽϷС飬õʱһ㣬Ƶʺܸߡ
ҶҲֵͲʲôֵͲֵͲǿֵͲЩóֵͲżˡ
ĴŴӣãǰһҪȻ´οɾͲϯˡ


133 ̫Ƕ

ҲϵĴ£ЦЦ°꽻˽ĲСһ˰ɣ
Ŵͷûǵ£Ȼ֪ж˵ġ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôŴŤͷҶ棬ЦʣҶ£ʲôʱѽ
ǰҲ˵ˣиҽԺҽҶͷ°ࡣ
Ҷ΢΢һӦЦء
ҲǣⶼˣôҲÿɡŴԵͷȴһ
ëëĲһְԱɲ飬ôҲøһǮ˵˽ǵģܾҪˣ껨Ǯͱն࣬ټϵһЩʲôģͷ͸ˡ
ҶЩ˼˵
ûء
ĳҶ֪룬Ȼ֤
ȻҪõģҲ֤񣬵һҪȴ룬Ȼ󾭹λ׼󣬲ȥ񲿵Ǽǽ顣
ûеλҲûڵصĽֵ´֤ϣ֤ǵδɥżķɵǼ֤
׵ܿ죬Ǹ˻߼ͥеģ鷳һЩҪܺüطϼ¡
Ҷ֮ǰʡǰٻ¥¹Ǿƾ֤ĽƷҵȯһأƾ֤ϲǺ͹һЩεĶ
ý֤޻ƱͲƱǸ˵ĸȻ࣬ʤڲǡ
Ŵ綼ΪҶǲ˼Ǿת˻
˵Сνϯ滹ǿԵġŴ˵ţŤͷһۺ棬ֿһΧӦûʲôˣЦЦ˵ϴβǴǵλĹȥС˳ҲμĻ񡣡
ţ˵УҲ
Ҷһ԰š
ǲСŴŬҡҡͷ˵ϯҲˣϲǹ˵һǿ飬ӻûС
ǵСŵ󷽣ץǵĶÿһ¶ץ˲٣ǷֵҲ顣һȦﻹô࣬ٷһȦʣһ롭
˾һײˣһϣʳǸ׷ֲҰͷһ͵
ҲŴҪޣСżҪСμҺãͬĸȢţһҰĿٿѵģһ±涼죬ӵˡ
СأϯĲõģǹҲǸ߼ǿ飬˲СԺͰһǶ½ŵϱϲûСȫ϶Цݡ
ҶûڣԲ֪Ŵɶ˵˵ģСҲǲģũľһ׼ҾߣγľӺͳȻûʮ֮࣬ȴҲĵ׼ġ
ûδС׼ҳ׼Ҷ̵ĽеĿȺˣСҲڻϲٳš
ҿ˵ˡ½ûʲôˣŴ㻹ѹԭСżôΪСϱûǴŶӽŵġ
̸ʱСźȥŸæġСŵ֪÷˶ӵ֣ҲܲͲǮҪСŵϱţҪ¥ݰѺŪƶûġ
Ҷǳ˳飬¥ݵôûõͱǲεһ
һ룬ʱںĩҲû˵ʲô
һ̾СһҲ̫Ƕˡ
ŴͷͣɲզأҪǸôҹŮҷǺƴɡ
˵ô˵ɵٲҪֹﲻصģԸĸҪܵΣҪУ⣬뷨ĹС
ҶҹŮ˵ˣ̸һҪҺɲܱ˵ûҲűˡ˵ʲô԰
ԣɲܺͿˣҵӿأûױƭȥҪƭˣʱ޶ûеطޡ
һͬûΪĨۺϼĵˣǳԸĨε˿ɲ٣ʱҲÿ˵ᱻһҡ
飬һ궼и˵ЦЩĹǰͷԱ֮ԱǣԼɵɵԽȥֵԼۡ
ЩϿӰҹСͬ깫԰СֵģǿŶż
ûСᶼЩˮ˶ͱҲһûͷûԵġ
ΪЩ׺ƭĹ߿˵ֵ˺ͬڣҶ˸ǣŷӦҶ滹ǸδŮͬ־
ȿȣҶ£ɶǸղžǡŴ㲻˼ͷֵͲҲ˼¡


134 ȥһѽ

Ҷһ칫ң˽⣬ûŴôǣ֪ЩҶһˣϵģᵽ㲥
⵱ѽǼйɵıƭˣоƭԼŮһ
Ŵͷƺ߲ѣû
Сһİ
ϱû֮ǰֳ飬û뷨
ﲻܲڣ
ʱӴˣ˵Ļ᲻ĽźТ˳үү̣
ҶûаδЩĵĻд㵺;ı飬ƺղûʲô˲˼ĻһЦû취ҪȻô˵Ů˼ĳء
䣬˵ĩԺú˯һˡƳŴ㣬ߣ·СһЩ
һ𣿡
ҪȻ㵽ſڰɡ
ŴҲŸղŵĻ˵ˣǵĿҶ档
УҴֵͲءҹ·Ҷ˵治ʲô⣬ҲʲôΣա
˵ҼҾ͹ͬ߸͵ˡҶ˵ţ쵽ܿ죬һֵͲĹʹ͸˲
ֵͲǿֵͲӿռóģͲ͵ĵҲԵúڲ򿪵ģĲϽʵܼסһЩߣԵᰵ
ʱҲˣƳŴЩȥϢɡ
ôһ˵һ룬ΰҲûʲô߰飬ǵͷУԼעһЩ
Ҷ£·СһЩ
áҶӦգתһͬߣһͳ˲ֵͲ
ʱǧ๫ҽԺī˯£˯ȴͻȻؿڵʯ͵ı仯¶̵һ۾
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С¶˯ˣһһīڲɲǳصı飬˯ܹ⣬о
ţôˣ
īһС£죬˼ҡͷû¡
Ҫô˵ѵҪ˵ʯԤΣΣǱ˻ᵱ֮ǰӰɡ
ֻǣҽԺʯôԵ޹ʵ
ǾҽԺ棬ɭϣϸ
ʯӴִֻֻ֣֣¶û˿ļᣬҡ
ѵʯҲ
īͷһʯӣüͷġ
Сԭŵĵĵĸīﲻ׼ȥҽˣȴҸſʯӣǳ˳飬ɩ˰ɣ
Ȼ⼸СûܴӸī׳ʲôʱīʯڷҪôǶʯһ˼
СµóۣʯǸź˵ĶȻҲܿİûģֻīֵ˶Ϊɩˡ
ţҪǵɩӣɩȥһѽȻĸ籨ҲԡСȻһμԼҸЩЦǺĵĽ
СµʱԼ͸һֵܲһˣǰ︵취˸ŵĸ⣬ЩӪֵܿǲЩġ
īСһۣһ֣
Сĵ߳ŭˣĵȰţ֪㵣ģɲӲˣɩȥһ籨ĺãɩӵġ
ҲΪɩӳ˯ã˵˼ôġȻһ仰С͵͵˵ġ
Сӣ㣬ȥ˯īСˡ
ԼûУ﷢ĵ籨ѾȥСµ뷨ˡ
ţȷ˵˵𣿡С¹ĵʵ
ī
ϣСµͷһȥһߵǸ룬ȼɩӣһɩӵġ
һɩӣŵɩӣ跹˼
īԣһڣСһŵĳ嶯
СһʯӵȶȾȻĽ
һ֮ǰûй
һʼīҲԹʯӷ¶ȱ仯ʱñù˲ûиоκβףƺֻоʯӵĲԡ
īʯӺ̵£ȻˣڲȴڰѲˮշˡ
ҲīԼûгëⲻǻþʯӵֻо
ڸīʯ˼ʱҶ濴ŸԼͬȻڰ·Īһ졣
ֵͲʬ£ҶһɻôͻȻˣ
Ҷ淢ģһθûëǮϵʲôûء
ղŴһͬʱҶͷԼˣ˺Ǵ󷽣ҲԼټ죬Ҳ죬˱


135 

ڵڶͬʱ˽Ųӿĸ
Ҷʲôأͼ˺ͱʲôסһԶĵطشתʱʱĳ˫ȭȻͿһţӣ˳˻ĿһŤһ£ˡ
Ҷ汾֪˸ţһͬģ֪ʲôûأ˾ǰˣҵЩ졣
Ҷʳָ°ɻྷˣ
ԣǵźĲྷ۵ġ
Ǿж
ϱȻŤʹ࣬ȴҲûжѽ
ҶֵͲʬɨɨȥʱߺͬнŲǶ˵صֵͲǽϣԽͬһǽſ棬һңƲƲ죬Ųӯˡ
ҿѾȹˣҪȻҪЩǸѶء
ôģֲɵģô䣬ȥ˯ĺá
ʬԻ˴ġ
ҶŻصţˮϴʱ˼Сı̧ۿһۺͬķ۵׻һĨͼ
ҹڷߣʺϸ鰡
Ҷ벻˱ǽһĲϴ˯£īǱߣʯӱƽ¶ȺûҲˡ
˯УīһμˣһֱҪȴֿģ
ڸ
īҡͷ
Ϊʲô˵
īԼƴȫû취ûа취ˣͻȻԺһʵ棬ǲǾ飿
סʯ𣿡
ǰֻӰЦЦ⡣
ҲǾ飬Ҳûסʯ棬ǣʯӶҺҪᱣõģԲԣ
īԣ֣صͷ
˭ôʯӸ㣿
˵ʲôʱܼңԲԣ
ǡīûԼͼ֪Լ˯Уǣ˯зҪ֪ԭ
ġ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ǺǺǣͻȻӰһ£ҲƺЩīֻ˵ʲôȴʵʱӰѾˡ
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С±ѣۿģĿһ۲ϵˣҡһͷ˸ϱӣ룬ŻѼӲⲻɩӣĶô
Ҷߣ͵۾Ŵͷ΢Ĺ⿿ڴͷÿü΢΢֣ղԺĺ˭ڽ
һҶһţһµķˮܺŷˮҶɻǴ𣬿ǣΪʲôǾú˽ˡ
Ҷʱ򣬸īҲͬϴ£ڴ̡߳
¶üµ¹£īͳʯӣͻȻеʯ¹·ǳǳɫĹâ
īֺϵʱˣǵһҹɫ°ʯˣʯӷǳǳɫâǵһΡ
˼½ǶȣīȷⲻǽǶȵԭ򣬶Ǳ͸ɫʯ¹ӨӨķ⡣
˻īüͷɻ𣬶ʯӰ첻֪ӦʲôӦˡ
ű󣬲񣬶ԵУīɾ䣬гƺûʲôѵõûʲô֪ġ
ʯӣǹξīȴͷԣ˼ûС
Ҷ˯һ룬ֺ˷ˮǲģɵ¹͸ϵʱ򣬿һƺ糺ɫҶ澹Ȼ˯
ҶԺ˯ȥʱīʯӵĹâҲƺŨ˼֣ǵøī±˷飬æ¿ڴ
ḵīڣһܿҶ˯ȥɢӨӨâʯһģһ
ڶһ硣
Ҷ𴲵ʱ򣬸оƺһЩ仯˵ɸ֪һ£ܻûлҲ룬׵Ժȥˡ
òϰࡣ
ҶԹ緹Щģ뵽ҹ飬ʰһȥˡ
·ʱסСԺԶǸģҶ˵ǳĶܡ
ֻĹתһȦȥ飬һ·Ҳûҹ飬ƺҶ֪ҹ⸽ˡ
ƽ˵СС˵Ҳ󣬿飬˵㲻ĿŵĴţҲܴͱϿġ
ԣҹ鱻˺ܺõĴˣȻûճɾĿֻźۡ
ҶתƵʱҽԺ½ȻüͷϢȻˣɰǰʬ޷ӡ
һԹܶǳ˳飬Щã½ӳҿɲǷҽʲô


136 ڴ

½ȻϵأЦҽȻǷҽɶͬͨҿΡ
ɨһǽ̨ϵʬһۣջĿ⣺ûˣϱ龪ʹ࣬ǿʲôŵĳ棬ֻǱ⣬ԡ
˵˫һ̯νҶǺ˵ģ½ӳͺá
֮ǰ½Ȼʱ˵һ䰸ֳҶҲԶ½ȻҲܰѹܴŪ￴ʬġ
ʵ½ȻҲǵһνӴʬˣʽҲ˵ҶҹİӺҹİӶ͸¶һЩС
Ӧ˵ҲǱģֳûʲôһ˵ʬ屻ֵʱϻ¡
ݶҹ²Ҳ˵ˣôԶǡ
½ӳǸҰﲻææţȥˡʬˣһʲôɾĲҶʱ򴫸ô졣
ܵ˵ǾûʰȥҶ棬㲻Ӱ乫԰ôȲҲǺõġ
ܵͼ½ȻЦûʲôˣҽɲܶһ֮
һʱŪ׾½ȻҲż鲻żżĳģӵ˽飬ҹ׽Ҷɲˡ
ʲô˼ܶ½ȻĴѯʡ
½Ȼҽˣ֮ǰ˵ҪŪġ
ԳĬһ£û˵ߣ½ȻҲ̫ˣ˵Եʱ򣬷ҪĻ˵
ҽǴ㡭
½Ȼ󣬵Ļ˵꣬ͱܴˣҼȻ˵⣬Ȼ᲻ʬƺ̫׵
½Ȼˣҽ
˵ѧҽˣѧĵһ죬ϾҪǸݹʬһ𣿡
ûĿ½ȻһۣǻڽҹҹҲдʦôࡣ
ǹأѵ֪Ǹֵķж
½ȻЦЦڹһĨĵֻûпֲѧҽģ֪ôϸʲô
һСʱ󣬹ܺ½ȻˣгũĴš
ũź½ȻǺͬƷ˴к˵˼䣬˽ӹ½Ȼݵ̣üЦĺ˵Ż
ûһһũĹɲģ˾͸ϳˣƷ˳½Ȼ˵ͷһȥˡ
½ȻŹĸɲһԺѣģùף½Ȼǵһˡ
ܿ죬˵һ½ȻԹܵͷʾһ£ǹˬͳٿǮ
ǸɲӹһƼˣְһʮǮݸܣũˣץȥˡ
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½ӳʰˣѪװѾˣ·Ҳô
ܣл˰½ȻЦźǸɲ˵
΢΢һЦɶ
ܿܶٻЩģܸоܿ½ȻʱЩڴ΢һҲˡ
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½Ȼ⻰һ˵ԭֻ΢Цһ£۾һڴ𣿡
Ӧæҡͷ֣ɣУũæĺܣҵߺúá
ôⶼҪˣȥҲУ½Ȼ۾һɣûæҲûȥһˣҪȻɩڼҹ갡
ˣߴᣬôˡ
½Ȼֺ˵˼䣬Ѷгĺܣŵ뿪
ܰ½Ȼ͹͵ũţԶȥıӰڴ
ܻȥꣿ
ܶϣˣ½ȻĻ͵һº񱻵ȼһѻ𣬴еڴܿ
һԸղŰŶѪũԱ״ȥܸ£ܻؼҹˣ
ջĿ⣬ϵڴѹѹûȫѹ£û˵ʲôֻ죬½ӳ͹ˡ
Աһһ㣬ףصĿ⿴ܣļ򣬵ͦõģͦõġ
ͦõģܻؼҹѽԼˣꣿ
ꣿ
һζûлعңҲĺԶֻǣֻǵû취ȥѡ
ЩᣬȻת˻⣺ȦɨûУߣʰȥ
ᣬ½Ȼ͹ܲгܿˡ
ǴԺˣ


137 ʧ

˭˵ܰ½Ȼһ㶣Ȼͷԣũˡ
ܶ˽һЩģԲ˵ˣЩҶ磬УίԺǸӵĻȷ
½Ȼ֪뷨ţӦôԡ
˻صƽǶѾĵˣû˿ֱͣҶ
Ҷڳ֦һ£æʣµ֦װƤ˵Ĵһ֦ͬһյռ
˭ѽ
棬Ǻ½ӳ
½Ȼ죬ܾȿˡ
Ҷһʪ֣һӦ
ôһˣ
ѵ·ģ
Ҷ֪ܿˡ
ţȻһŴӣһ˶һ˴ӰЩɻ
ǡѪζζҶʣȥˣ
½ȻЦŵͷԡ
Ѫ£½Ȼ͹ֱַг̧ԺӷţȻְԺŹϡ
Ҷ濴һֻ𾪵ĿˣΪʮôŪһֻ
ЦЦÿ꣬ŪŪԡ⻹ߵ½ӳŪģ鶼ˣ˷Ѳǡ
ڹ˵ʱ½ȻƣоùҶǰˣɺĻֵã½Ȼ΢һЩ˵չ˵ҲôûƷġ
ԣҶҲû˵ʲôʲôʱʲôֲȻᶯġ
һֻҶʵǴôԣ
½Ȼģôԣ
ܵĿ½Ȼһۣ룬֮ǰҲ֪˭˵ĿɺˣΪϲһŪģ˵ҶĳԷ·֮ǰĻû˵һ
ҲǴҶĳԷȻῪ˵ʲôˡ
ңûҶ᲻ԣûʲô뷨
ܣôԣ
½ȻһᣬȻǹǮģǣҲڰôʹܣҲԼء
½ȻﷸɬʱҶҲ˵ȥŪѵûôǺôһֻء
ɣ䣬Եů
⻰ǹ˵ģҶû½ȻȻҲˡ
Ҷ̨дҲƤ¯ӣǴĹӿûС
֮ǰҶ֪ǻŪһֻ֪ҪȻʹӿռóһʵĹˣᣬֻҡͷ˵ûˡ
ǣֹˡ
½ȻȥˣǸʰ⣬ҶֻҪһ˺ͽݸľѡ
ĵƬıģһƬƬİڷڵҶһ߰ŻһһԳ档
ܣ⼼ôġҶԼܣƿǾȷʧȥܺľ׼Ҳ½˲١
٣Ҫеôûоһʱѵġ
Цôİ
Ҳ֪ҪôҶ˵·츳һ㣬ѧҽҪȱٶȺܿ죬ѧһĶֻҪһҾȫͨˡ
⵶ģ˵һϵϤ󣬰һָо¼
ҶͷЦҾͲС
ܱ䣬㿡ϹõЦݣûҪѧһֻܶһ㣬Ͳҵĵˡ
ѽһԡ
½ȻŻͭʱ򣬾ͼҶڹܵ߿ƬЦ棬ҶЦģ
һղſھЦ½Ȼһ
ʧߡ
֪ڼ⣬ùȥѰˡ
Ȼô룬½ȻҲ֪ܣϾһʮǮһͷˣŪ½Ȼ˼Ҳ¹ҶԽһ
ͭʲˣ½ȻҲûеط裬ȥٻ¥ʮǮʮŹҵȯġ
ҶĲҲϹϡײ˺ݫģǸʳģÿһЩȻûйôãҲģġ
еʱҶ΢룬Ҫ֪ĩǰһֱûв˻ĩ￳ɱɥʬѧģ᲻ᶼҳԲˣ
뵽Ҷ治ЦǵһƬ˹ȥ
棬Цʲô
뵽ʲôЦˣ
ҶЦҡͷûУû¡
ǿУһͺˡ
ţҶ治˵˶һֵۣƿĿ⣬ҲûҪʡ
һæˣſԡ
ǹܵģס
ҲҶηϻС
׷ڣζ磬⣬պϺУǽһ㡣


138 ܲһ

һΣܺ½ȻϴκһҶȤҲ˸ӹϾơ
ò˵ȻζˬȴҲͣҶͲˡ
˲٣ƹѲ˵Ż˵˵ţ½ȻҶ͹ܣ֪ôģͻȻˡ
棬һֱ˵ҽ㣬ȵ㣿
Ҷԣ˹һۣ˵ĩ
Ľ⣬ûкܿش𣬵ǹܷĿӣƱһ£ӢŴѧĽӱߡ
ҽ֮ǰûӡ𣿡
ǣǰûӡģͬҾͼˡ
ǻҲ֮٣泡ЩңܿͱӶߣҲ֮ͣȻ̫ӡˡ
½ȻգһҶ棬дЦŹܣƺʱﷺŹ
ƺҲڻǻһĻǻ䣬ȻҶº͵Цš
½Ȼ״һŴⰭ۵һĻ֮ǰôû˵
ҲӢϾҶŻܱҪһЩʱعҪҶع󣬵һ˻Լء
ͬǾˣôͶԹô׽ѵΪܾȹ
Ҷһ΢΢һЦ˵˰ֻбȵ˲Żӡ̰ɣʩ˵ȹ˲٣Ųӡء
ǰɣܡ
һƺҶһæָ˼Ƭ⣬ֺõ˵ҲãӦöעġ
֮⣬Ҿȱ˿ԲǵãôԲǵ㡣
Ҷһе⣬ûپ鲻ˡ
½ȻˣƱ͹һȻת˻⣬ɲԸˡ
ʵ½Ȼô룬ҲΪ˺ܾõɻֻ֮ǰһֱû룬ҹ飬ͻȻҪһ䡣
½Ȼĵ׵ɻȥʱûע⵽ʳʱҶһ˲Ļ񣬶۵׷ɿӹһĨء
˶һԣܺȷûоȹҶ棬ڻع֮ǰҶжҽԺǰҲ
Ҷ͸ˣ˭ԼԽʱҲһµʱѣ磬ûȥӢ˵ŵĽӱˡ
Ҷ֪ѣҲܹ֮ǰͺ˵˽ŴѧĽӷ⣬½ȻͻȻҲֻ˵˶Ĺĵطˡ
ȸܼһӵĲˣȻָ½ȻҲһ飬Ҷһ⣬һע½Ȼ⣬½ȻǷʲô⣬Իˣ
ӣøһЩˡ
˹һۣҶЦЦȴ˼ܣ㲻Ķ԰ɣ
ǲһģ԰ɣ
ܲûע⵽Ҷߣֻº͵ĿŰͼᶨ£ء
ǲ֪ԼһԺʲô⣬½ȻʵʱڿҶʱ򣬹ҲĿˡ
˵ΣȷǾţȻǴȥġ
½ȻǲҹҶģһ룬Ҫ֪һЩǾ˵ˡ
½ȻıҪҶУίԺסҶֻǶҹ¶𾪣ȴһҲشԺס
ҲȥЩߴߴᡣҶܸɴ˵ֲǲ֪ЩŮͬ־Ůж鷳
½Ȼǡ
Ҷ棺һغŴģҲעġ
½ȻҲЩ˻Ŀ޷͵ĵΪҵһԼĹһƽţҲš
⻰Ҷִȴ֣صı飬½Ȼ̾һûȰˡ
ʱŽӻ½ӳģһᾭġ
ʵ½Ȼ˵ʱ򣬹ҲһҶУίԺסһʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ҷ治ϲǻתתû˵
Ҷ־ܾʱ򣬹֪ܲӦһһ
½Ȼ˹һû˵˵ֲûʬ壬ҪǲҶ滹ãǡ
Ҳ½Ȼе˼һ˿Ҷ棬Ĵƺ
һٻ˿Сʱܺ½ȻһʰˣЯ뿪
½ȻԼĴϣԴЩΣϾ͹ܺϰ׸ҲˣǣһЩ飬üͷɵ
ϲУίԺҲ֣֪ܻΣգΪʲôԸס
ҽԺѹ飬½ȻһƺһʼҽԺеıЩĲһ


139 

ţţ½ȻԿ׿д̨ĳóһ
½ȻΣ
ֽ󣬾ܿѹֽŵµһ軭
С軭½Ȼ˼ʶૣҶ棬Ҷе㿴ˡ
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Ѿʮһ㣬綼ˡ
½ӣҡԾѹ͵м¡
½Ȼһ飬ղõôѵģ²˳һѹ˵бҪ
ԾҪ֪½Ȼһί½Ȼ˯ˡ
½ȻźԾݺ˹ϣ⻹㣬ߵĶüӡ
ʵ½Ȼء
Ծͷ˾Ųʮ
Уһ·
ԾȻųȥԺӳ̵½Ȼ
ߣ
½Ȼܿϴźľ£Ծæͷ룬첽ϡ
ֱˣйһλƫƧİ칫һһֱŵơ

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⼸죬ſĵЦ硢ʳꡢٻ¥˼ˣҶԤĶ
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ϾйӦʱ򣬵ʱû˹ӦֽͰ͵ģɲɵô
ǺûҪʮˣŶ˿٣˴ҴңСЦ֣ȻҪࡣ
˭һõĻܺҫһ˭ȥˣ˺õģҲ̵ķ˵䡣
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˹ֵģҶߵԵ塣
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ˣ½Ȼ֮ǰȷٵæȻܶ඼ҶҪģҶһ£Ǹ͵㶫ȥĺá
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˺춹ͺҶӰٻ¥ģĶռĴҶ׼õʱϸϸļ飬ȷûʲô⣬ġ
ڴԺﻹӢˣԭӢ˸أ͵ؿҶ棬ҧͷ˵С˲١
Ҷͬ־Ǻǣ˰Դ춪ʮǮӢһֱ﹢ڻﻹҶ鷳
ָʰҶأ֪½ȻϳԱ񣬼ӵԵҶǰ컹˵˺صˡ
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УҲʲô飬òˡ½Ȼͷһд̨ķһǴкҶº󣬶ָݲˣȥɢļϡ
Ҷסʱ½Ȼеļˣڰ칫ҶûסҲͰЩûˡ
ǹ½ȻЩҶ濴ҪæȻôһ뿪ˡ
ǰ½Ȼʵ棬һ˹ҲģҪȻشԺסɣ
֮⣬߹꣬ôԺ˶࣬һЩ
áҶЦҾǹꡣ
½Ȼлл㣬ǣ֪ģҲϲ
½Ȼ״˵ʲôģһ£ҲͲǿˡ
½ȻҪУίԺסҶ治֪ԭҲ֪ԭ򣬷˻סȥ˾ͲٻίԺסġ
Ҷ뿪ίԺʱѺ
ҸС￴С١Ҷ沢֣ЦݲõС١ûа㿪ĵģ
㣬ǰڵĶ񣬿ˣҸͼС١û뵽ʱСҶ档


140 Ҫ


˼ȥˣ
һ˻Ǻһ
Ҷ΢ȻܿĻع
ɨһϵҶģ˵Щ䣺ҲҪ
㣬ǲǵĶ񲻺С١ЦеţҶӦ˵㣬㲻õģһ
ǰԹģԲ᲻óԵġ
Ҳãûȥ԰ɡ
㣬صظõġ
Ҷ濴Цݲõк۵׻һĨ⣬ϱ͵˵ˣҲϲҪʲôҪ㲻ҪˣԶһ㡣
С١һ£ҲҶˣǱŭӵʵ㣿㣬ΪʲôǲǲϲҰ
ԣҲϲ㡣ΪʲôҪϲ㣬һСؤСؤܲܲҪҡҶŭ˵ҿͷ
С١ϵЦݿһ£ƺԼѹһ㣬ЦЦûϵҪǲϲҾͲŽˡԺбģٸ͡
תҪߣֻͷˣ㣬·ϲȫԺߺͬСˡ
Ҷֻһ˵˦ͷߡ
ʱи˺ҶҶͻȻ˵֪ɣҶ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ҶֵͲ⻹ûдŵ飬ˡ
Ҳû뵽Ҷ濴ޱȣȻôĸоֻûüʲôĶͱҶһ̧ȸžһ˹ȥ
̣Ҷ˲ӡ
ͷС١Ҷ˶ǽǵİשͳ嵽һʱѾˡ
С١صˣֿҶ棬£㣬û°ɣ
ҶͷһŰذשкЩôûߡ
㣬㲻ǿԼ˵Щ֪ҲҵģҸоĵС١˵š
Ҷ棺ԣղŵĻ׷ˣ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ҶָָѾεˡ
С١ҡͷ
ΪҶ
ȻأС١ǲĿҶ档
Ҷ浭û˵ƽǰҶǡ
С١¶Ҳ˵㣬㲻ǺΣգ
ҶЦˣͲ֪Ļ١
ƽﻹҶˣҶ⼸;˸ڵСƨ᲻ᱻǣʱСƨȻˣֵĸ
ҶŰ˸ˣɸٵͻȻҶ͸ı뷨Ҳ֪С١֪Σգ᲻չ
ӲԵ޹ʵ׽ҲֵҲʲôĿġ
ˣҶֵͲˣ˲˺ڰһĽŲҶ滹ûжС١æ㣬£Ҹ硣
С׺ϴμûʲôǲ˵ģС١򿪵΢ƵֵͲߣһ۵ιȥˣֿһһֻֻŰשС١ϵıûκεı仯
Ҷ濴ˣﰵ棬ûмУûоţûлҲƺһĻ˾ռˡ
С١棬ҶҶͬ־ȥǣЩȥ㡣ƺϰôҶ棬С˵ЩĿİͰ͵ġ
С١ͷС׶˵εڵصˣȻ뿪
Ҷһһ治֪С׿겻󣬾Ȼôǿһˡ
С١ʲôˣӽңʲôĿģ
СѾ߳ԶˣĻһŲ֣ͣڼͷ˵ĺһѣȻҶͼƺǻе˽΢΢ĳ˼£Ȼ󳹵̱ˡ
㣬С١С١ҶֳĮı飬ˣ㣬ǲǻˣ۸ġ
Ҷ涨ĿС١˴ȥ
ûаղžû飬СǴȥȣҲֻǿȸе˶ѡ
˵ظסҶаû˻ţϾأһֱǻᱻĶ
С١ҡͷҲ֪һ飬Ҹ粻˵ĺġ
ǣģҸ粻ġ
Ҷˣ˼Сײǵһθˡ
Ҳԣ֮ǰʱ׷˲ǱС׽
ղŵĶҲĺܡ
С١ҶС١˫ۣƽȴĮ˵֪Ҷ˲ĸңζʲô𣿡
С١ͷ˫ǵǣ֪ģζŽΣա


141 ϲ

ԣ粻Ҫˡ䣬Ҷվ
С١ҡҡͷԴҶ棬㲻һˣС١Ž㡣
ҶתĶһ٣ƫͷһС١ĪĹâҲû˵ʲôͬȥ
̤̤̤ಽĽŲ
ߵϣƵ·ƻ˺ڰҶûӸŵС١ŲСԺȥ
ͻȻһƬѩ£ҶĽëϣ̧ͷһ˸ѩ£һ£ЦˣѩѩðѲٵĺۼڸˡ
ᣬС١ϲ㣬ѩˡ
ҶûӦС١Թ˵˵ĵһѩǰˣȥҪϰء
ʱ·˲࣬С١ں˵Ż·ưӰӰӿҶ档
ǿӰһᱻһ̵ֱģС١СŲӣ󣬷Ӱڱʱ򣬻ǿҶӰϵģǲɵǿġ
ҶûдС١Сһ飬۵׻һĨǳǳЦ⡣
һѩƺҪĴһжҪϴһ㣬Ҷ浽ûúѩͱˡ
źС١͹ԹԵȥջˣҶ￴պõƤ¯ӹ
㣬Թ𣿡
Ҷ˼ղŵ飬񣬾ͼС١վߣƺҪ׼
ɵľŰذשģҶ˲ɢ˼֡
ʣ֪Σ˻ңôֵ±˱Լ𣿡
Ҷ֪С١Ͳ󣬿֪飬ǲĸмҵ׵˼Ӷͱ¶Դô׽ҶҹŮʲôӦ֪Ŷԡ
ҶɲΪС١֪ǱŴġ
£Һ͸粻ѣ㣬Ҳˡ
С١˵ЦЦ˵һȻҲûԥû循岻ӡ
㣬ʲôС١һֱһֱվߣġ
֣صĻҶһ£֮ǰһ仰ţʲôʱˣ
Ŷˣĩʱ򣬹˵ģ˵һֱһֱȻ
ܣҶæˣ˵ҪһɨţҲûʱ䡣
ȻܣҶ沢ûз֣һǣΪС١ĻƺһЩ
С׹ʱС١ڴɨԺӡ
ѾˣҶԺĵƿҪȽϵĽֵҪһЩ
ҶˮһëǮǿȡö٣ն١
ʽĺɫ͹ҶԺϽǣÿνܿǵ·߶ʱҶÿγŶʶɨһۡ
Ҷ£Ż𣬻ƺعϣζ硣
һҲûָʹС١ɻȻ˸翴ΣҶֻСһۣһƿĿ⡣
ôȥڶ񣿡ƽֻбɽһƬ֣ĻԶҶ濴գȻ֪ʮ·ݾͿˣʱһЩҰ˵ϰߣҾͱˡ
ڶˣȥɽҶûԵˣ
ǸһЩʳ
ǵҲһʳģѵ͵ˣ
С١ɨһɨҲ˵֮ǰ㲻˵Զ𣿡
ԣ˵һԣɽȥˣ
һ仰ҶתתûΪ֪
Ҷûһ䡣
С١Ҳ⣬õǽȥţϴֺЦǺǵĿ磬ʵ磬أ
Сԣӻͳһֽһһ顣
ãҸϣһ¾ͿԳˡС١ӹ㣬ǿĵЦݡ
Ҷ״ǳ˳飬ȴҲû˵ʲô
С׵ͷС١ŶȥʱҶߣһŵӣԱ߲Զ
ˣҶҶͬ־صġСһʱ᲻֪ҪôǾ͸ƺһĳƺ
ҶЦͷҲİʲôõĵġ
С١ϲ㣬ϲ㡣
֮⣬С١Ҳġ
֣˭ĵƯɰҶ΢Ц˵ţеĮ㶼ûڡ
Сԣϵı鿨һ£ճ˳飬һͷûз
Զһ㡣ҶЩ䣺뵹ùĻòҪҡ
С١ϲ㡣С׻һ䡣
ù
СײЦϻһĨбڸù
вٵɶɶдǼܿԣҿˡ


142 ֮

Ҷ治˵ֻɨһۣͲŪſõĵعϣ׼һЩͳԼڡ
ȻعС١ʱ࣬Ƥ¯ģΪ֣ҶѾˣΪ˲ԵŵعϣҲΪ˲˷ʳС١ûŪĺá
С١ڳһæ±˰ûаæ˼˾ôſ
С١ӳϴɾֳʱѾǰСʱԺˡ
㣬Ҹ˶㣬ǰںģһӻȻԹˣǾԣڹżúͺˡл𣬻һֱš
СһԿŵܵܺСһĶҶ棬ǳһ£ûסתȥǲĺá
ҶóʪֲɾȻְùʪƤ¯֨֨ʪܿͱûˡ
Ūˣ
С١ͷ
Ҷ棺ʢһȥɡֻأټ϶ɲ٣һҲԲꡣ
ˡǸġרŸģŲŪһЩȥء
˿һĻһ𾪣֮ǰͬ飬һᵨսľֲ̿ƺһҲ£Ӧ˵ûзһŷʳ顣
Ҷû˵ݣһС׼״ڵܵ£οڣסԺⲻ㡣
ǿԲڼҳԡ׺ͬڣϣͷŵԼ˿ɲ١
С١Ĺĵ˵ţ䣬˸֣Ҫ뿪
һ¡ҶվͣµˣС˵Ұ¯
СȻһ£հˡ
С׵һ̤СԺݡ
ʹԺȣֱ֮
СԺԺȻ󣬿ҲСݲ࣬Ǹߴɾ࣬Ҿõģûȱȡ
Ǵȥɡ
ҶĻС׺С١ݵһ俴ȥ
һƺװЩʲôװа˷ӶûС߹ȥһһ£ͷҶĿǲ⡣
Ͻߣһ࣬ˣ׼Ϣˡ
һЩ߲ˣ⣬һֻѼһЩӣܲ⡢Ǹ⡣
߲˾ǰײˡݫϹϡ֮ܲǰڹ򵽵ģҲͻأ
İ׹棬ʮ棬ϴθָ˶ʮ߰˽̶춹
û취ҶûʱĴͲЩ˼һ£óġ
ҶûôģɿС׾ٵĿһˣ㶼ӡ
һ룬ҲˣСڣܱÿζС١øİȫϾ⼸˭˶ȥˡ
ҶҲ֪ôණֵ˻᲻ᱩ¶ǵһЩʵ뷨
Ҷģĩ˹ܣ˭š
ʱȱЩֱҲǺܿĵˡ
һ˾סǮûֵ̫ĺѡ
ҶƺˣղŻںͬɾŪһšŮһʣİ㶼մϹϵ
С١ҲԼϵı飬ǴչȥһȻ£ͷļסˡ
㣬ʲôЩǽԤĶɣ
ǴȥѵҪȥԺꣿ
ҶƺС١˼ûǿհǣôΪʲô
СԥС١ܾʱҶ治Ŀڸˡ
ҪϻˣˣҪ˯ˡ
С׿ڽϵʱŻعԵĵܵܣɻ
С١˽˼ͷεÿöôġ
СԵͷʾף˵Ҷ˺ò֪ҶС١ãԶ׼ġ
ҶǺڵ飬Į顭СĵɲʲôƼ򵥵ˣ뵽ƽǵΣС״Ҳˡ
磬˵᲻ӣϾǰˡ
ҲģСҡͷᡣҶģԼжӵĿܵġ
С١Ҳ뵽ˣ¿ĵЦˡ
ᣬҶڷϳԷһһںóԡ
ǹӺ˹ȥһ£ּһ飬ĵһ㡣
ζȷʵôҶûеĳʳȻͲˣгʳʱίԼϼѾΪС١ڳĵĽ
´λǵСƨһУȻô֪ԼôԺĽء䣬ҶԼסô뷨


143

Ҷ治΢һ㶣Ͱ׵Ժȥˣء
СµʮǮʱҶνЦЦǮַŵݵĳ
ֵ˶һϴСƨǮΣҲǮ
һȻǲֹʮǮģҶƣСͳǮˡ
С׺С١صԺʱѩûˡ
磬ѩءŶãôˡ
šСӦգ룬Ϻ˯ǰѱӺϸǣͲˡ
һЩ޻ƱҪһ±ӣһЩƱҲû١
С١һ޿㣬ҪȻС١ᶳˡ
뵽СһĨůɫҶԱô֪֪ҶС١ĺܲء
ˮݽţůһЩˣֵŶ¯ԣ¯ӵĻ⣬Ķ
һһĶóֵ㿴ңҿ㣬С׶ҪΪҶˡ
ɻ棿С룬ʵ
С١ͷ
ֻС׳˼û˵С١ˡ
磬
С׻񣬰ģҶͬ־ǸִַˣӦñҸ˽ǡ
ԣС١ĵĵͷҲǣҲôûзִˣӦûпԹĶǡ
Ͻʰã˯ɡ
첻죬¯ӷȿˮůһá
ԣС׬Ǯ࣬ɻǻһЩúԤŶʱջõģϾﲻһֱò̲ǣҪһûţյ棬ɾűĶˡ
鿴ͨڣ˷ú̺ôѱһ˯¡
Ҷߣڵ̺ϣıӣͷƿţķС˵ʱ䡣
֪ôģͻȻҹԼ˽
ڶ졣
ҺŮǼӵճУ̽ҶҲѹ
ҹֵ뿪ʱѩƮţҲ֪ôˡ
ôһ룬ҶϺ˯ۣš
ԺããһƬѩаˡ
Ժеʯ˿̶ѩ飬Ͷһñһʯһɷǿɰ
Ҷ滹ûгţԺѩҲһֱάԭ˿ûбƻ
ϴԹ緹Ҷĵ￾¯ӿ滹Ʈѩֱߣ˼СԣϼڵˮҲУâ֦۹ϡӣҡɽ
ԺţǷǽҪȻҶԺ׵İЩ˵ĳʳ
İ
Խš
Ҷָͷһ£һˡ
ʮˣƺҲûʲôŪġ
ʮҹǳһ극Ҷ涼ԿռģϾҲǣǸˡ
ȥҽԺܣһϴιȥΪæµˡ
ҶԶˣǰ½Ȼҹܵʱ֪ġ
˵治ڼ
½ȻͷȥСԺţ˲ڡǹ۲ܣûˣȻɿķǽȥģ⻰ܸ߹ܣҲҶ֪顣
ǲǳȥˣ
ǵһСʱ
֮⣬˲ڡ
ԣһʵ֪ȥ𣿡
⻰Ȼû˵Ҳʾ֪½Ȼа취֪Ҷٵġ
½Ȼһ£ǵͷ
ҽԺĵ绰½Ȼ˼䣬ȻͰѵ绰ˡ
ȵ绰ٻعʱ½Ȼæ
ιң½Ȼô
ȷ
ãлл㡣ǧҪ˵ȥ
ͷ½Ȼ˹һۣû˵Ȼİ칫ҡ
칫ңź󣬿ڡ
˵ɡ
½Ȼһ̣ڹܲĿУڣûк˵𣿡
æһ̨һ̨ǰ͸һǡǻȻҶ˵䣬ʵѲ
ԣ½Ȼ̾һվǱĹƱ¼˵ȥˡ
ݣüȥʲô
Ҫǣһ˳ԶţȻ˭û˵һҲûиһ仰գﲻʣûа
ǣֻĵʱŪһˣ
½Ȼĸĵط
һˣͻȻܹȥҲͲˡ
ᣬڻϵҶѹ֪ԼһŻƱ½Ȼ͹Բ˲顣
Ҷ뿪ƽͻģڼ̫ˡ
Խ͵ƽˣطҲûȥҲ˽Ĳˣл֤ˣҷ٣Ҳ顣
֪һǲҲЩ˸Ŷ
ҵĴ


144 

ʮˣ˲࣬ҶĿڴߣѩ׷䣬Щѩײϱ۵Ļ𳵣ڳϱ飬Ȼʧ
˵ҶҲãʶôҲաȻϲ٣һξǸǿɵС
뵽Ҷ۵һĨܿʧ
ųѩ죬Ҷ˼֪εȥˡ
֪Ҷȥܾûڴ½Ȼ̨󲻵ãæˣʱ䣬˵ȥҶء
ݵʵǸΪϷۣǸۡ
Ҷ³һһȦŲĲӳ˻վ
ݵĻվǸСվƽǵĻվ˵ļªޱȡ
ϵһשƱǺңгĳκʱð׷۱ڴĺڰдģڰ͹Ʊڵǽϡ
ƱһƱԱţһźµͬ־ں̣ʱʱĸгΣ˳˲ࡣ
Ҷʱ뿪ƽǵģһĻ𳵣ݵʱѾϰ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ʱĻٶȲ죬Ҳû뵽ѩѽҲʱ䣬ĿĵرҲѡģȻûΪʱ̫ĵ뷨
һСʱһĽǹմԽʱȫȻİģҶ滹Ǵޱȡ
ݳһдҶóź͹֤ѡдõ˫귿ȻëǮķǮ
ڣҶ滹Щϰߣ˭뵽ëǮסһд
ԱůˮҶ¥һ·ϹҶҲˣ¥ݳﲻ࣬дһоǰٻ̵ѧУˣҽԺҲСˡ
ʮûʱĵ
Աһ䣬õҶһ̽ףȻĲˡ
Ҷͬ־ݳǾһҹӪ꣬ʮϻŵ磬ԼҪˣҪǳԷϿɵһ㣬⡭
ԱĵĸҶܣҶ溬ЦͷźͷԱлŰŹϡ
صǰ̨ԱٴóǼǵıһ±дϣһҶͬ־ǴƽǹģȻûȥҲ˵Ĳ˵ٻ̵ﲻٶƽǹġ
ϴδȥȥƽǣʱǺ˵ˣƽǿɴˣĴСϱĿʱˣİٻ¥ɸ߿ɴˣʲô߼۷꣬ĵӰԺ
֮ǰôǿأһҶͬ־ĴŴ磬ˡ
Ҷͬ־·ոµĲ˵ѥǳͲģͦθֻúÿ˲١
ԱţַıֽϸĶ
ֽȻûƽǵϢһӡЬ³Ьͷװ³ļ£˵
ԱЬӣֿ·ﷺŹ⣬һԼĹҵȯ־ɥ
Ҷź󣬷˶ĿڷתȦûʲôԾĵطѴϣŴӿռŪһµıޱϺϵȥ
һϵĻ𳵣мСһᣬЩˡ
뵽ĩʱĹ⾰˵ֻһʲôҲɣһ·ҲǲҺ۵ġ
ǡѽҶһЦˡ
ݳǸղڹһ·ʱҶѾ˴ţȻż¥ȥģǳһȦûĿĵصѡ
аСʱҶ˯ʱ򣬶ӹҹԹһ㶫ڻûгԷء
һ㷹һϺʼһ㹽˿ҶԱ󣬰Ѱװռһգϴһϵ·
֪Щ˷ƽˣʲôӦգҶ漥һЦ˸Ƿı۾
һҶ˯࣬ڵʱѹ
Ž·ƣҶ濴һ£ѩƺҪ֮ǰ˲١
ݳǿɱƽҪƫһЩﶼôѩƽòƻһЩ
СƨֵһЩʳҪȻѩ죬ĺòȲ˵Ŷְζͱˡ
ϴʱҶ濴һ۴µıޱһ˲
Сƨǵıƾɲ˵֪뵽Ҷ治ɵҡͷΪ˳Աش඼ʳ޻ɲࡣ
޻Ʊͷ˺͸ճӤҶҲû޻Ʊģɼ޻жѵˡ
ռޱѼ޶̫ձȸֱӲ٣һޱСƨƺȸʳҡһЩ


145 ҹ

֪͸öСƨµġ
ͷðͱҶԺȥˣأڲƽǣҲûá
Ҷûţ˵ǼҼһԲҹʱ򣬵ڹһ˵Ҷ˵Բֺûаϵ
ʱҶ뵽С١ԹԵڼ࣬ȻЩѲ̣Ҫȵ˸Ķ
ۿĲˣС١뱭ϴĺɣŸϸӡ
ǰĹӣС١ͷ룬Ƕ⣬治ٵķ⣬ͣըһĩӡ
ʱһЩȥȻҪͣһݾͶһЩ⣬Ӧûϲġ
СˮͰݣͼܵ¯ǰЦһЦСײʶ֪ܵܿ϶Ҷͬ־ˡ
磬˽ӣȥһЩɡ
ԡСһӦţһ߰кõļƬⶪһ
硭С١һʱͬ
Сףʡ¡
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СͰг˸ˣֳһİײ˳⣬׼Է
ҹȻ⣬һҲӦõġ
Ҳ֪һôġС١ſӣͻȻ˵ôһ䡣
Сף
룬С׿ڣ㲻˶𣿡
ġ
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ϸɻС١Ҳ˵㲻ϲҹ˵ġ
Сԣˡ
磬롭ȥǿ
Ļû˵꣬ͱС״ˡ
㲻롣
硣
Էϻ
С١죬ҲԹԵĶ뿪ʼԷ
СװС١˵ˣС١뵽ںͬ󣬽ͺܲãҪǹȥ㿴ǲõģԣʵڼҰɡ
ʱǷ㣬ԺҸϣӺСӣŮȻҲܰһҡ
磬Сһҡ
ȻһӼԷʳͷҲǳײ˺һгһڵģ˭ڣ˭ٳھͳˤӡ
μ˶࣬ƱȻҲ˶࣬Űӣңʮ滹мأһ¶ˡ
ȥ껹ԲͷѾúܶˡ
ԷʳǰͷģСμҲ⣬ٽ֮꣬ǰСΰʱҲһЩ񣬲ҪԲͷ
ͷһʮδǸϵһָһСκСһμ϶ҲʣͺһһȻͰŵһȥ
δãԼϰ࣬ԵҲ࣬ŮǹԵҲ٣ϵһͷݸӡ
СǰԼͷһ룬ŵδ裬Ե㡣
⺢ӣ蹻ԡδЦһ䣬㶼Ҫˡ
ѩͻȻµôϴС١Ǳûȱʲôɣ⻰Ǻϵʵġ
СΣᣬҹȥֵ˿Űʳأȱˡ
С١ֵ˶ԺμҾжڼҶµӣСôԡء֪СֵʳúҲûˡ
ϵ˵ʱҲҪСףûˡ
˵ȥ͹ȥˣƽƽġδһæ˺ϵһۡ
ϵЦЦԼĺףȻͺˣǻƵĿӻһ
СκΣ죬ҪȥӣҲԼˤġ
ܿ죬˵Сֵ
δһʵ̹ɣҪ˲̺ͷúǻᰤġ
һĿӣ˵裬ģС׸ȥϰ࣬С١ڼû£гȥء
СԼͷ˰ݸСκСκЦӹſڣ裬ǷģҲԶһҺСγȥƾͺá
ϱôһ˵ϵͺδһҲ͵ͷδСӵļС䣬һ㣬𶼸Сγԡ
СЦ裬ҳأҲԣˡ
δһæ֣ˣˣϴˢϰࡣȻô˵ɺδϵЦݿǰҲûš
ϱȻũģΪڿ챾֣°Ͱɻչϴ󣬶ԵµĵҲģδԽԽ⡣


146 Ӳ

϶ȻûжͷԵĺܿ죬һͷʣµİʱֳ룬ŵԼʹ
ҳԺˣ裬ɩСãԣȥЩˮ˵꣬ͰŵϴԼˮͰȥˡ
СϲμҵգҲ˵Ҳãżôమļͥһ𹲶ѹأٲҲõġ
˵ˣûСӻѧμҰĿϰ࣬ⲻ
С䰡Ʊ׼ͻȥûУǹû˰ɣ
ǰ׼ҹʮʳһֻˮһˣû³ԡ
δ֪׼ǽСԼŮżˣóȻҪ׼Ұæд˼Ҳû˵
δС󣬵ͺͺϵһ£óߵĲƱһȥǹĽСԷʱݸͻؼȥ
׼ʺǺμҲֻǡ
Ʊ֮ǰСνʱ˲٣ʱһЩһʣĳߣóߣȻһ£δã׼Ҫһ㣬Ҳ͹ˡ
ٲãҲܳѴ򲹶ǡ
δﱾ뿪˸Ůأڿ뷨ˡ
𿴼ÿ¶вƱϰͲϰģһĲһһߣǿһѣһҲҪǮ
ڹŮͷ磬˶Ҳ۰Ľ
ϴϱź󣬾ͲĲƱˣϱĲƱҲܶϾҲô㲼ƱҪȻ˺ӿô졣
δգһԼŮ
־ͽкСãƺ֪ԼʲôЦЦֵͷҧһͷ
󲿷ֵĲƱøɩӵļãСòǲ֪ûʲô˼ҵļƱҲӦõģ˵ɩӽǰһ˫Ьأõ㲼ƱӦô
Сæͷˣ춼ͻȥˣ裬㶼֪ѶûȥʱҰɶˣ˵Ǳţûأ˼Ķȥ顣
Һ˵˵ģ˵صضͻȥģţˣ˳̳˼
δһæҡͷ׼Ҿ̫ˣ㲻ǶԵģνͶЩءȻأҲҺڲǣɶöϱҵġ
裬ôܲã趼ˣұġҸſᣬԸСˡС˵ţСΣû𣿡
δһҲʣ㲻Ū˰ɣ
СҧͷĶһ٣ʱ۾󣬼Լ˺ԼﶼԼ˼ңˣҸˣỹҰﴧء
һԱӣ磬Ӳа
ϵҲҡͷǶ졣
㣡δյİСһۣûôԼء
С俴ԼεģҲЩȥİȻǰõһ˳
δһСһ䣬СֻиЦĵķݡ
СκСһ鵽С١ʱֵѾ극ˣƮЩ׵ζ
СףˣǼûȱʲô
ĲˡС׿к
˵СηסԺС׻Ǹ˵ˮС١ྐྵӣһ£һС﷭һץ˼ѻ͹ӷһŴҳԡ
СһСֵ˸ˣóӻдǣ˵Ҳӵ˼ҪûУ˭ó
Ҳ֣ĹӦС״С١ѹӦ꣬ÿԹꡣ
һԺסţģҪʲôҪæģ֨һ
Сλ䣬СҲˣ첻Ҫϰ࣬ҪʲôŪõķ첹Ļҡ
ɨһۣȻҲŲĳϴ첹ˡ
СЦһ£Ҽ鶼ŪĲˣǺò׷Ÿ٣úϢҪǰŪЩ
һᣬСκС뿪ˡ
С׼ԶһЩСʵŵ𣿡
СεͷС׼ô󣬶Ǹճ극ζûɢأôûŵ
Сֵǲ֪ܳء
ߵҶµĹϵİɡСҲ֪ˣҪ֪Ҫʵˣûô򵽣Ͼͷš
ҸȻţû˯ҲеģڼڶҲûж˵ʲôһԺסţԺǡ


147 

磬ǣС١Сη뿪󿪿ڡ
֪ܵܵʲôЦ⿪ڰû£⼸Ƕڼң˵δһһǲġ
С١Ȼû˵룬ҪǽⶪˣŪͶ۰͵ҩ顣
Ҷ沢֪Լ˿С١ᶪ顣
ƵˢϴҶڷеߣ׼
ڿռʮӣѡţйǡ㡢ľϺձһ׷
ô˵ҲʮԼһҲܿԼǡ
ÿÿʱҶ涼ޱԼŪ˲ٵʳҪȻпܱſռȴֻܿиˡ
Լûк͹˵һҶЩ飬᲻ᵽȥȻҲ˰
Ҷ浱ʱֻųתһȦ𳵿˲û˵һݳǻ绰ţ绰ʾֲУ˯ʱ䣬ʾˣա
ݳǲı˷ѲԺ˯ŵҶ涼ˡ
Ҷһʼһ£ӦǷűں󣬲ЦЦ˰
治ϵıҶһ룬
ӿռŪһƣҶźư뿿ڴͷһں󣬶Կվ˾٣ãδڡ
ҶŵʱѾǵڶ˵ʱˡ
һ졣
ѩѾͣˣ·ϻһ㣬˸ˡ
ԱһҶݳǵһЩ飬Ȼͳˡ
ҶıӰԱﰵ룬Ҳ֪˭ôãҶͬ־ݡ
дҶһˣΪƷԱҲҪֵ࣬Ҷ¥ʱԱ˰Ĵǡ
ԱƴǲҶ˵ǣµһŻˡ
أٻ̵Ҳģһ¶ûһΡ
ھӼҵĽͬѧڰٻ̵깤ģ˵ܶʱһЩϡȱĻϼأͱЩ쵼ǹϷֵˡ
ʱۻԱûһ¡
Ҳֻл΢ˣϼۻԱҲƾŹϵԼݣǮƱöپͶ١
ѩûлҶ洩ѩѥôƵݳתصݳǵһŵͼҲ»·
˵۷羰Ҷȥ
ǵֻ΢ƾɵ洬ͦǣżм˴ӴٶҲʲôˡ
Ҷһ飬Ƿ羰
ǡðɣҶһ£Լô۵ȷ˿ľޡ
һ£ʱڣһСиۣҲ㲻ˡ
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Ҷĳֵ洬˾ȵĿһᣬվںߣĿźˮɻ󣬵Ҳûйѯʡ
ں߸䣬ҶôվŷȻعʱ򣬶ѾźȥСʱˡ
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֪Цװģ׻ûô߳ĸ˫ʵ
ҶҪ֪ԼĿôԲһֻˡ
һͳҶ涼ȥߴһСʱȻ󲻶ɫĻдһһ죬ԷĵҲû¥
ҪǷԱһˮпϷһд򿪵ĵģ֪ҶǿиҪΪҶһֱˡ
ݳϺԶҲСʱһ죬Ҷ˷ԼȥϺĻ𳵡
ͷԱ˱ֽһЩϺķ٣뵽ϺҶ۾һתɨһԼռĶǴϺȥ
ҶǰŲһߣţݳǵһլԺʧˡ
լԺҶȥ߶·΢һ£ϾլԺķӿԣΪƫ΢ֽʽĽ
ȻѩˮڣΧҲ𣬵ľƵլԺǱյģ֮ǰȣֱǲҲ̶á
½Ȼ֪ϢʱҶѾϺˣ֪ǲǸҶ治֪飬ҪȻǻѹɡ
լԺҶ϶סĵطȻŰ£మҼһġ
½Ȼ˵ģҶ˿ԲģȻȻķͬҶһǱը˫˫Ȫ
Ϣ½Ȼ֪Ҷ֪֪ǣŵˣ˲꣬ҲûҪҶ棬ѹ
½Ȼհѻ㱨Ҷٵĵ绰ҵ绰ܿ
ιǣǣ½Ȼס


148 ײһ

ϺҲΪʱ٣Ҷ漴ǵһϺŴʽϽҲɵһĨϤС
ݳסдͬҶסǷ꣬Ƕʮߵķ꣬Ա߾һգ
ǰзǳõĲڹڿ˲٣缸Ѿɢˣװ޻ʳҲƫǱߣͱɹӪˡ
Ҷȥһ󷹵ߺƽ꣬תһ룬òҪĸ߼Ĺ֤ʮǹԹԵѡ˱ˡ
ⷹһʮ˲㣬ʮ㿪ʼ涼Ǹ߼׷Ҷѯһ£һ׷ҪëǮҶ߶һñˣǮ
ʱۺ͹ȣⷹķۿɲˣ˭ҶǮлϰߺǮ˼άȻñˡ
ͺ㴧һǮȥطΣһǮҪһǸ߿Ǯһĸо
ϾɵդʽĵݣҶʱ΢һ£ȻĵЩ࣬ʱû˵ġ
ݻУȻ֨֨µ׺ȵͣʮ¥
׷װ޿ʱӱأҶ濴ǳĸţľҾߣɫͼǽֽɫĴذשǴʯƴɫͼ
ϴּһԡףҶûҪõ˭֪һ֮ǰһõʲôˡ
鿴һ£ûʲôеĶҶԼڿ
ϢһᣬڷԹ緹Ҷ¥ȥ
ȻͬǳԹӦòƱƱҶܿϺˮƽҪȱĺá
ǳ˲۵ĴСϱǴ̫̫ͷģ·ҲԼɫ
ŲȥʳˣϵıҲȥ̳һͱԿܴĲ
Ҷ֪Ϻ߻رӡֻϺ˵ĲƱ͵Ʊʱ򣬾Ͳˡ
пռڣҶʲôûУȻûҪ뷨ˣôɿƺ˵ʲô
ǹٻ̵Ҷһٻ¥ȥ

˵һٻ¥ĴǰһĻҶ治ֹ
ôͺһ˽ڼգ̳˼ˡ
ٿЩˣŴСˣҶĵôоײһҪǮ
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ͬ־
ΧǳŸֿķԼͨޱȣҶһ˲Լڸϼ
ûһ¥ͣҶַܿ¥
ַݵʱҶĵ˵ƽǵİٻ¥ʡǵİٻ¥ûС
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Ҷվַϵʱǰͷ˽ЩץַݵİֲţǴ˶ַݾ̾䡣
ҶЬӲ٣治֪ʱЩЬӲܴùˣҲϺߵ·ЬӵĿʽˡ
ʱЬӵʽҲ٣иߵͲһƤЬ⣬ЬƽЬƽЬƤЬܽЬ
ֻǣҶ·ͲƥרЬȥʱ򣬴ģȻ¥ķװЬר￴ٵܽЬ
ܽЬһŮЬЬɫǷɫɫɫͻɫɫҲ¥Ա˵¿ǹɫ
в˼ͳǮƱ£һ˫ģ˸ԼģҲиӵġ
Ҷ΢һҲˣݣ·ͣǳŹżصϺģ˾߳ģһһ궼һһΡ
·ѶˣȻܴľʹˣȻǶ죬ѽʱɲһϺ
ͷϵõѣţ᲻ѰаæοǵϺ
ԣҶڳ¹̨װ½ʱҲͲˡ
ֵ£Ů˵ĹԱ̼ҶҲ㶫ûȫƱҲûϺߵĲƱƽǵĲƱòˡ
ڵһٻ¥˿СʱҶֿտյĳСĴŵγԱȡ
̫ˣ
Ҷ氵ҡͷɵĿһۿռĿĶ΢һԼƵġ


149 ҲǮ

ȥʱѾڣ쳵ٴ·̲Ҷ濴ʱ̲ûк޺װΣҲһζ
ص󷹵Ҷ滻һʵ·ԼŴӿռóĻ裬ŵ̢ɵСģҪ
ǲȱǻĵѽ
ҪȻҶɺһڻԥˡ
ģƽԶӦǿתתİɣ
ʵҶݵʱȻϺƱϺֻϺվ³˶ѡ
ͷɫʱ˵һҲȽףװ˼ٷأ
ôǰȫǷҲͺƽһǴ½Ȼǰ߹ᷢʲôͽеºڡ
˵ʵڵģҶĴڱ𴦿Ҫۣ򵥵ŻᱻطɫɫĴȥ˲ߡ
٣Щɨ·Ŀ˲١
˯ǰҶ涼ûҪҪȥУǿĵ绰ʱЩûмסƽҽԺĵ绰ҪȻܸܴ绰
ҪȻȥʾָĸ籨ɣȻ֪Щܱûеĺð
ڶ죬ҶԹ緹ųš
ʾߵͿˣҶ浽ʱ򣬻ŴСĶŶʼء
ԭĿҵʱ˰ʼһİʮزһǮҲ̫˰ɡ
Ҷﾪ̾һ£͵̨籨д籨ˡ
ܣҳԶˣܿȥ
д籨ʱ˷Ӽ籨ԼҲżӼ
Сĵ籨Աﾪ̾Ҷľ¸·˹ʾȥһɵ籨ԱӹҶĵ籨ʱһ顣
Ůͬ־Ҳʲôѽô籨ĸʽᣬ־ܺãƫƫҪдôࡣֲдţֲҪǮ
ͬ־籨ʽԣдĻͲҪдˡ
Ҷӹ籨Աݻĵ籨һ£ֵ˻ȥûϵ֪ǮϲôɣҲû֡
дŶӣ̫鷳ˡ
ǣ籨־ͿԸ㶨ѽΪʲôҪ໨Ǯ
Щִֵĵĵ籨ԱҶ治һ䱩ҲǮ
Է𣿡
籨ԱҡͷǲԷ˷ѡ
ҶЦһ£ҾͲˣţҲʮĸֶѡ鷳ͬ־ҷȥ
䣬һζˣѡӼ
Ȼû˵Ҷ̬ž˵ҲȱǮ
ŲȰŮͬ־籨ԱЩˡ
˲ԸʡǮʲô취ǵ籨ԱܿǮѵ籨ȥˡ
籨һǮҲһ֣ӼһҶ渶˰ëķǮ
Ʋ࣬ʱ߰ëǮʡһЩܳء
籨ȥҶ뿪ʾ֡
Ҷ滹ûҪҪȥأ·Ͽ͵͵Ľףզ࣬ߺѾô·Ͻˣ
۲һ£Ҷ׹ЩڽϵҲȫרģһЩϺƱȯȱǮȻ취͵˻һܻƱȯϾȫƱȯŸо㰡
ҲнЩŲһҪȥĴ̫̫ҪŶʮСʮĴүȫǰ׷ѹ
ʮСǹ˹Ͻʳϵҵλʳãһ˳ԱȫҲʱʱ¹ӣÿ¿ڴûʣëǮ
ʮĴүԺ˯ģһëǮûУҲûá
뷨ҪƱȯǮˣﶼһ˿ڵģ󲿷ֻ֣ҪԷҪ۸ףһһ׼
Ҷ濴ǻƱȯԻ֣·ʱ򣬻иʮŮͬ־ڡ
ͬ־ϺƱƱ㻻
ҶҡͷĵһŪϺƱء
ͬ־Ԫ𣿰ëǮһ
ã⻹ԪģһԪһǮһһıںϾͲˣϾȥȻ㣬ҪǴĻҲ±׷ǡ
ҶҡͷԽԪС룬нûԪҲ
Сʱ󣬽϶һʮƤƴֲڣΧͷˡ
Ȼ˵ҶҲͳûҲһߵƱȯãһЩ߰ٻ¥ĶóһЩռģãҲ̫ġ
Ѿƽй⾭ҶʳҪ̫㡣
Ҷ׼ЩһżνײĴȨˣȥһʣĶãȻûвĶģٵҪһ


150 ʽ

ӣҪ𣿱Ʊ
Ҫ𣬹ҵȯ
ţвƱ͹ҵȯ𣿿Ի׺Ͱ档
ȻƱȯôǮУҪȻƱȯЩٵģͲˡ
Ǯ̸ãһǮƱһóƾͳӾһ׮ɡ
׺ȥˣҶߣȻҸ˵ĽװһЩŻֵؽ
ʵҲͦõģȻûôˣҲһЩ
ҶֵͣʱѾ˹õƱȯˡ
жװҶ沢żȥһٻȻ᷹꣬˸緹һᣬ˾Źȥ
ȻռвٶҶ滹̲ס˲١
Ȼûռʽÿʱ˿кë߶ͦġ
ûвƱ͹ҵȯ˵ͺã˲Ʊ͹ҵȯȻǿ˾ˣҪƱǹҵȯأɰء
Ҷƺˣʱ򻹾Լš
Ҷ滹һʹţ˵Ʒ֮ǰһֱϻ⻹ǽŻػģһʼ۸ҶЪ˼
ʲôһӡżðٺϵȫбļ׾ҪʮŹҵȯʮëǮȻղƱ۸Ҳ˰
ҶԼ˼ǸǮˣҲⱻ۸סˣٴһչʾƷЩҪѿռһЩƷóĳ嶯
˵ļˣװ˼׶С
һ׿ɱղڽװ滻ҵȯƱĿˡ
һ¹ҵȯŶ٣Ҫһ׵ļףôһء
ȻҶҲֻѡ
һ뿪һٻ¥Ҷ治ֿտյģżϺһٻĴӣӺëߣмûԹĵġ
Ǹ糣˵ĻҶЦˣˣزô֤
ͷһĴӣҶ룬Ҳ֤Ϻ˲ǡ
Ҫϰ࣬ҶŶط꣬ʰһ£˷׼ȥվ
ڷڵգһ£ûԹЩ棬Ǿ˽ȥ
ԱСװзʶϹЦݣҪȹӪԱкͰ
Ҷڿλã˵˸ţ⣬һhĢάɳ
ĸ߼۲ƱԼ۸ձҪһЩò͵Ҳſ֪ʶӺ͹ȼְλߵһˡ
ԵһʱҶֽԱ˶ʽšͶʽ
ͬ־˵ʲô
ҶÿŴСװķԱôƺøоˡ
ô𣿡
ԱҡͷȻǡ
Ҷ棺ǾˣóɣǴߵġ
ʽźͶʽһҶ治ĸ˶ʮݣԱһʼΪԼˣϱɻ
Ҷظһ飬˵Ҫͳ´ɷ裬Ż񣬼ǮȻȥ
ҲжóԣֻҶԼӦһЩȻȥܺ½ȻһСƨҲԳԼ
ҶҲ֪ĲֻҪǮͿԣҪȻҲ㵥
һæҶƵĳ극󣬶Ҳˡ
ﻹòͣЩֵĿһҶľٶԱڰŴ˼ºԼҲóķдȻǴûĶ
Ҷһµ̫࣬Ŷߵʱ򣬺ò͵˶㲻⼸ˡ
һ٣Ҷ滨һٶǮԵľͶʮëǮģÿݶʮݵĲǮ
ŵ쳵ȥվ·ӰԺԵʣӰԺӰŮŮĶ࣬ƱĳӶŵֱˡ
ûӣ·ԼܴѾϿԻޱȣҹҹϸİţʱѴţƾɼȣ·˶ῴһۣǰͷĵӰԺγĶԱȡ
޳Ҷ̾Ϣ
ţǻŵϰҲû뵽ôһĻɣ
һȵĸȥǸ۳ǻˣ
ô룬ܿվ͵ˡ
ҶԼƱŶӡ
ᣬҶССĳ˴Ʊζ

ڵ籨ڶյˣŵ籨ʮ֣֪ܲӦʲôĺá
ģ֪籨Ȼ籨һЩ
ţƣôϺȥˣҲ˵ʲôʱ
ֻдˡܿſţֺЦ
½Ȼҹʱ򣬾Ϳһ籨ɵЦ
ҽ籨˵ǮǼ⡣˵ţ½ȻһӣЦĻɵ


151 

½Ȼڵ٩һ䣬Ҷ淢ĵ籨ʱʱ
Ϊʲô͸ܷ籨أ
Զ෢һ⣬Ҳ֪ģڸܵĵ籨ϣҲûһ䡣
½ȻҶ籨ڸܵĵ籨һҲǺõģԽ룬Խζ
Ҳ½ȻϵıˣЦЦҲҪǮҲҪ⣬ˣ㲻

½Ȼһ䣬ȭѹϵı
Ҳ֪ΪʲôģҶ治ڣ½ȻȴҹܣҲûʲôҪ£ڹܲæʱһᣬ˵һỰˡ
ǡڸ½ȻҲֻԼһˡ
챾½ȻһģῴǷӣһ㲻Ըˣվ
һǹȻ½ӳһˣ
һ£½ȻͷҲأŲаͣģˬһ뿪½Ȼİ칫ҡ
ܿһĻϵЦˣҲܱߵ½Ȼٴ籨
Ҫϰ࣬͸û˰ɣ
Ҷ浽ƽǵʱѾߵˣ˹ǣҶ·º󣬿첽СԺȥ
Ѷźãʰһϰȥˡ
ȻȥһˣȻٲҪͬ´㶫ģԣͬ־Ŵ㣬ԼҶһ칫ҵ綼յҶһСز
Ϻһٻĸ߼ģһ룬Ŵһͬ־ֻа
ȻҶ治Ǯʱ˭Ҳ˳ԶԼ˵ĶӶôܻѺòĳʳˡ
ԣҶ׵ģͶҲֻһ㣬˼һ¡
һĲ࣬ʱǲСˡ
յ˼Ⱦȿģֲ˼
ͬ־ŴæƴǣΪҶһ칫ң˽⣬Ц˵˼䣬Ҳˡ
ǣȻҶģԺ󻹻ȥˣòƴŹڼ⡣
ôͻȻȥϺˣ棬֮ǰҲû˵
ҶȻڻһᣬɶٻЩģ֧°׼һ⻰һֵֻ̯ƣֵģһڼҲû£ŷżٳȥתˡ
˵Ҷ涼ΪʲôͼϰҪô磬ʱѹû鰡
֪Ҷǹһˣôһ˵ʱǰ˼ҶֵģԼڼģȷﲻζ
Ϊ˲Ҷﲻת˻⣬˵
ҰҪ֪ȥϺҾҴ㶫ˡ
Ҷһڲˮ˵ҪĶƽǵİٻ¥ʡǵİٻ¥򲻵𣿡
Ҳ򲻵ǾɫզУҪɫϺһٻС
Ҳʱȥģһΰɣ´лȥһǰ㡣
ЦУлȥˣҾҴ
ͷҶΪ˳Աů취
Ȼưţôʾ֭Ҳûʲôرõİ취
ƱɲˣϵسԺõȫƱô㶼㣬ȻҶžͳţȥȥˡ
ûвǱûʳ£쵼Ҳ취ˡ
ϾΪüʳΪóô
һᣬ翴ҶûϢã֪ҹĻ𳵣æſϴ
ҶҲûпôԴϣ
ƳһҪǹݳ쵼·ҪҰ
ȻҶ治Щˣϰ칤ʵģеĴӬҲϰʱ˯ǡ
æͷӦ£ģڣһעŵġ
ʵҶɴļٻȥϢһᣬһᶼʮˣҶ߻ȥ·Ҳûʱ䣬ɴڰ칫ҴҲûʲôڡ
½ȻʱͿҶſϲһĻ
ͷɢձߣŰƤӰ̵ۣĽëţǳǳӰӣƺۻˣ˯ĸ㣬ǳ೤
һܣһ㶣ȻͿҶӣҶ滹˯УʹŹܺҶ棬ȴֹЦһЦ
ףҽҶء
ð
ŵĽĺк󣬾һ˷ݱֽ
˼ȥվϵģһнһеĹȥҲûӵҶ棬ֻε뿪վ


152 úð

ⲻһ磬ܵСԺȥûҶڣּƺˣͷѩˣ֪Ҷˣ²ӦϰȥˣǾתͼݣȻڡ
ûټҶʱûһͺãӣ黹
ܿĿֻֽⲻͣҶϣᣬ߲߿綼оˡ
ֵÿһĻٴ̾ͦõġ
ߣһ߿ֽһ͵͵ĿҶ棬һŰ칫棬ڴë£ʱʱ͵͵ĿŹܺҶ棬Ȼ͵͵Цš
ǹ̫ܵƵСʱҶٴθеһĨߵʱüͷ壬Ը۾
Ҷ۾ʱú͹ܶԸţıƿʱҲزסɿܣҶе˲ʧˣֻʣõĹâ
ԭ˵ġ
ܣôˡ
ܼѹбҲûȥıֽ˳ƺϣº͵յ籨һ£쵽ˣ͹
Ҷʱеıͷ֣ܲҲҶǸĹϻҪ綼ˡ
㰡ǰҲ˵һĵĵ籨
û˵ȥվûȵܼҶЩ˼ЦԺɲ
Ҷ治˼Ц֪Ժһǰ˵
Ϊϰʱ䣬ڣҲúҶ˵̫ã䣬͸ˡ
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ҶͷͿеİԣЦЦҲͬĵͷţͦõģҲܺá
ͷ󣬾ڵҶĻ֪˵ôһ䣬ͱտڲ˵ˡ
Ȼأ
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еİ֮ҶЩΣֻװû豭ЩˮղŹܿıֽĿ
һﲻ֪ҶǺˣǺһЦҲûжë֯
ⳡѩµͣҲ֪ʲôʱѩҪˣʱ䣬ëµøϽϳʱ˵ܳ䣬һëء
Ҷ°ʱͼڴˣƮѩȻ󣬵Ҫһʱˡ
粻ˡ
Ҷߵܸǰ˵Լȥˣ鷳ҡ
ܣ˼٣õͼݽ飬˳·°ˡ
˵ţ飬ʾš
ҶԣɨһۣǰŻ飬ЦĿڣҽ㲻Ӧÿרҵҽ֮ôС˵ˡ
ݽϣʱ򿴿С˵Ҳͦһζġ
Ƥ˵ϹҶЦһ£׹˼ӣûڶ
˳ɡҶСԺȥѩɡϣЩɳɳЩ˵ĺ
˲࣬һһһĻò˵߶Լͬ䵽ϡ
Ϻ𣿡
ǱˣҶһ˵棬ɶԹܣҶ΢һ£һ¶Աȣаɣתһת
һ磬ҶʲôûһʽϺ治ʲôر˷ܵĸоǴʱˡ
ƺҲҶ˼ЦЦ˵
֮ǰµѩһ㣬ȻЩطɨѩˣûɨĵطѩˣһŲȥЩ򻬣ǲʱߵĸˡ
һһСҶǰǻҶ˵էһϵЦݶʱͣסۿ½Ȼֿ˿վһߵСк֡
½ȻܼȾֲ֣ҶðϲСкôһ£
棬½ȻһҶЦкȻ˵ҹͿҴŵ̨£ʶ
С١ڿҶʱ۾𣬿ҲûóȻڻӵĿ½ȻֿһҶߵĹܣһᣬ˶Ǻǵء
ҶͷʶνһĶ

СʲôԻġ½ȻֵĴС١ۣĵ治Ǳƭ˰ɣ
ҶĻС١ܿңңҶ㣬ѩ죬ŪˣҶ㲻Ҫٵˡ
ϲԶ
½Ȼ͹ˢˢ䵽Ҷϡ
Ҷ濴˵ɻ漴״ͻȻԶѡ
У֪ˣԺ˵⻰ǶС١˵ġ


153 Ǹö

С١ԹԵͷӦٴοһ۹ܺ½ȻҲû˵ʲô첽뿪ˡ
͸ͽӣû㣬Ϊ׷ȥˣװӵķдڻůţɵСʱĽ綼ˣ㻹û
ڶԼģСʱûڼҡ
һ죬ÿ춼ʱ磬ʱ磬ʱһΣ綼
һͼиһϴκͽһͬߵˣҪߣ־Ե飬ԥأûˣһģϴҲһͬ־
ˣһ¡Ҷ浱Źܺ½ȻС١סִӰͣͳĸݹȥҳţ˵㶫ģ鷳ȥ԰ɡ
ȻС١û˵Ҷ΢һ֪ˣڵʱС١ӦЬʵʵȲ˵ѩ죬ЬӲˮһˣЬӺܿͱѩˮʪˡ
ңˡС١¶ȣæ֡
ҶԲľܾǰȻҲͲˣͳԿװԺŴ򿪡
С١˿ĸУ촽䶯˼£˿ѾŵҶ棬Ȼ½Ȼ͹ܵ£ſڣллҶ㡣
ԺűϣС١Ժţ̾һԭԶȥˣϵϺ߼ȥϺô
Ҷݣ½Ȼݽ񣬺ʵ棬ⲻǻж𣿡
ҶͷһۣӦţģʣҲСƨڵģϴγʣһΡ
ʱȻ˽»㶫ͺϲһǺĽƱϾӦô࣬Ʊȯʱ򣬴Ұæһգ淢
½ȻСʲôҶ滻ģһףҶ濴СӲףĶɣ
ڶҲ֪ǽɽϵڵģؿɲڣ˵ˣѩɽڶ͸ˣΪҶŻⲻȥĸСӸġ
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ԥһ£½ȻǾ˵ˣ֪ˣ˵Ҳ١
½Ȼ͹ܶڣ˭ûҪ뿪˼ҶȥϺ飬˺ȲһᣬȻ˱Ҷһˡ
ҹ𳵡
֮⣬ۣͦϢ
ܣ㻹ûԷأȥһݰɣ
ãûʲôθڣһԵͿˡ
Ҷ涼ô˵ˣҲͲᣬ䣬½Ȼһˡ
Ѿκ½ȻһҶ뿪ˣܿƺоҪԼ۵½ȻüЩá
½ȻҶ黹ϵĴ£ȤĴ˼¿ڣûܵĲˬһ
ߡ
С׿Ŵͷŵĵܵܣף϶ûˡ
ԷɡͰãϹϣ˼Ƭ⣬͵ȵܻܵԷˡ
˻ˣȻԿˡ
䣬ͼС١ӻͳһе
Сһ£˿ģֿ˿ܵܣˣⲻǼô˵ӣ
ⲻǼ𣿡
ѵҶͬ־ֲС١ȥˣ
С١ͷЩٵĿڣһԺš
Сٴοһ۸ϵͷȴܵܵġ
ǣӶѾ˰ʮϰĽӣͲˣȥģӶҪˡ
СԳĬһ£ڣٰˡ
ﻹۣ⻹ʣһЩҲУѼʣ°ֻҲһЩһٽôǹġ
С١ûΪĻģ˵ڡŪȰöˣ㲻ϲҹˡ
ˡ
⻰С١̧ͷ˼ĿԼ磬Ǿ죺ǽƭ㣿
ôԣҲƭģҪ֪˶ѹ
Сǳ˳飬ͻȻ˭С١һĸֵͬˡ
ôС١Ҷͬ־ȶ綼Ҫء
ȻƣСҲûмƽϣû˵ûƭ˶ϣһ磬͹ȥͺˡ
ϲҹΪ˲ͷţǴ죬ͷϻѩأ˷춼ˣ˵ˣȥ
С١һʱüЦۣôû뵽ء
ΪӶˣ仰С׵˵ġ


154 

ԷԷС١ЦĺܿģһᣬҪúøһٽӡ
С١ڴţӦûϲİɣ
ҶѹͲ֪С١Ǳôģѹܺ½Ȼ˴ߺ󣬲ûԼ˵ĳԵϢǴӿռ˷ϺʳҲʳôòӲţ
ǷˣģʵζϺʵθ
ǣһϺҶθںܺõĳһըһ³Եеֻ࣬ص߶ʳ
һҹΡ
ҶڶԺ׼ȥϰʱ򣬿վſڵС١Щ졣
ôˡһ˵أҿͷһ㱡ѩʱĽӡѾһ㱡ѩǣɼ˶ˡ
ôţ
С١Ц³Ž˯
֪Ҫϰ࣬𴲰ϰõĽ¹ˣ˳ͷˣȻŽҴҳ£͸Ϲˡ
ҶüЩɿЦݲõģŭȴôҲֻûʵôˣ飿
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Ҷ濴С١ĪЩ¡
ռĶ࣬ϵʳģµʳǹΪĩĿڸ֮ɽ亣ζ˺ܶ࣬ǣǵһΣһɵ˸ʳ
ҪǣԼһٱһٵġ
ҳԹ緹ˡ
С١ԣϵЦݿһ£ЩյӦһŵġͲó緹Ǽӡ
ҶЩûҲûš
ܾģɿЩʧģҶʹĽӹװŷе룬˵԰ɡ
ãС١һϵЦݺͲҪǮһֿ
㣬ŷڹ¯緹㻹ȵġ
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ײڵģҲֵܼãҲ͵ȵϲζûжãҶ滹ĳһ롣
ҲҪС١Ҷ治һװģʮҶϰʱʱʱԼʳθڱͲܳһѾˡ
һļгԵģĽӶɾǲԸ´γˡ
ҶǺȥʳãҲæʳʦѽȹģҶһԵʱͷ߸ԵĲˣ绹ٳԣҲͰʣµиˡ
Ҳûп߳ԱߵĽҸ㰡üӵͣлͣζá
ҪûͺͻͣҼһЩһ㣬´ΰӾˡ
ҶЦð
û˵ⲻԼģû˵ԼҪϾദʽҶɲԸⱻɵһռˡ
ģ壬˳˾ֿϢˡ
Ҷϰ°࣬ܳæʱ򣬺ܶʱ򶼹°ࡣ
̫ˣҶ⣬СԺûůڼʱúǰ̲ͣˣƤ¯Ҳһˡ
ҲͨһֱܺãֻῪһ㴰ͨ͸ҪȻΪúȡůһ̼ж
һ죬ΪԼõһ鿴ӰҲǳˡ
Ҷڼ￴˰С˵緹Եһˮȣʰ󣬴ů;ͳˡ
ϴС١ˮȣпϵЬʪһˡ
˰СʱҶŵԺ
ȻŲ㣬ģϰڹڼĸŮҲûʲôԺ߶
Ҷ·С١ǰ̧š
˭ϸϸһĮ
Ҷûһš
Ĭһ£ȻϡϡſĽŲ
濪ܿ죬űС١һ߲ͷ̽Դһҡ
Ļû˵꣬ʱС١㡣
ȺС١æŴ򿪣Ҷݡ
ϴһûʲô仯Ҷºʵϰȥˣ


155 ʰ

С١ͷȻ͵㣬ҸղŲ֪㣬ΪԺЩСء
ҶԵͷղŽʱпģСҲ֪˭ҵţȻЦһѷɢˣܻԼȥ
ԼҲģ䣬Ǿ͸ɴúܶҲůһЩ
С١ˮҶ浹ˮʱҵֱˡ
С١ѯأЦˡ
С١ŭı飬Ҷ浹Щ棬ǵһμСƨء
ˡҶ浭˵
С١ͷ
ǸоС١ᣬСӸˣĵ죬ŲͲߵļӸС
Ҷ治ϲü
С١һ£ҡͷûУѡ
Դμ˻Ҳ֪˵ʲôԺ˿͸Щˣ˵Ҳ
Щνᣬǲˡ
ǣԴʮǻһٰӣֶݰӱͶԺеСţһüΣ˵ĺܡ
˵˵ʱˡ
Сײѽѽѽûѽ
ԣ㳪ˣʱûģʱﻹء
ʲô£Ҿϲô
Ҷ⻰üͷĸˣɾͲЦˡ
˵Ͳ󣬿Ҳûô˰̵ģοЩǴ˾˵ЩСҲģѧģѧ
ɲСҶͲЩСӼûɸûڼһû˳ֹ
ƢȻץʰһ٣Щܺӳԡ
ҶҲ֪ҪţЩСӿһ£ˡ
ҲʱĶѡ
ֵסڴԺûûĻţȻװ۸˵СģϵģʱһżǵӸù
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С١ѾǵһЩˣȻзŭҲûҪ˼
Ҷ״̾һǳԹ͵СƨôҪ̣϶ǿž˴ˡ
쿪ţ϶ֶԼˡԴһЩǶʼɣŭ⡣
ǣ쿪ţˡ
Ҷ治õ׼ŽѵǼСӵʱһֵĶ⡣
ˣȥ֡ͷۣ˼ҳʲô¡
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Ҷܿ׹Сε裬һֱŴֲϵĸлĴ
ҪŻؼԸţı˼ҵʲô𡣡
С١ҵųҿ飬һῴôʰǡ
ͻôһѵСӲҪǺȥɿųˣֻڨڨȻĸɢȥ
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Ǻμҽ㣬δҺǹϵС١˵ţֿڣôģҲмҴĲġ
䣬žͱˣһΣŵᣬţ˵
С١ڼû°ɣ
С١ʶĿҶ棬ͷǰŴ򿪡
Сý㣬û¡
Сý㣿ЩֵĳƺûҶ涺ˣʱȡֵȷɫϺһСûСʲôģ׼кüŮͬ־СŮãײĸ̫ˡ
Ȼͬ־ʲôչȵȣҲǳޱȡ
ӱͲ󣬷ſڲԶС١ŴĿһЩǺСþͿߵҶ档
ҶҶҲڰ
СЩ͵ĴкҶЦһ£ղͦģлл㰡
ÿңʵʲôҲûɡСúû˸ղŭ˵Ҷܲ˼˵Ҳ
Ҷͺ˵˼䣬ЩţҲûʣӰͳһ֮ǰҹμӻ񣬶лϸдġ
ϺʱģɰǾ˶ʮ飬һȥҲʲô۵ġ
ŵݹոµĴ÷ͼİɫæ֣ҲգʲôûңҶμҴĻ񣬱ӦñдŪأдˡ
һżҲͲˡ
ŰɣһѣҺ綼һλģ㲻ú̫⡣ϾԶֳֽѵ˰¼С١Сϡ
ȻôͬסڴԺеĺμҳˣкμһ԰ģӦòڱ۸ĺܺݡ


156 ǲ

˵Сԥһ£ǽӹˣҲɵ֪ΪղŸС١Χлɡ
ҶҲ˵ĶԣʹһλģԼ̫ˣԺôȻû˵ɺ֪ҶڹտС١ء
ллҶ¡
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У
Ҷ滰䣬ӻûüӦأһС١;ܾˡ
Ϊʲô
⻰ǺʵģҶǿ˿С١ɻ
ǲУģŲñ˽ôء
ܿ죬ƺԹζûİС١һۣСж˽ˡ
С١ߵҾСʲôԣԡ
ͽУͽУҾͽССùĿС١
С١Ҳ֪Сڶǿ˿Сãû˵
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ҶһӻС١˲²⣬ȿһһöʱֻһԡ
һƿ˺ǩһװĻͣʮĴףһԼ廨⣬һصĻƻ㣬ֻзϺһЩ߲˺һʮһ
⣬ЩǽϺ𣿡С١ʵ
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С١һʱȷ˵ôԼԣҼﻹС
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⻰Ҷ˵Ȼģ䣬㶼ҳԷˣȻǳʲô˵㡣ŪɣзϺһ廨һ㳴⽷ƻһֻͼˡ
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Ҷ治ڵʱС١Ѿ׷ãῪʼղҲá
С١ˮˢϴĿ϶ҶҪʲôС١ҪôĬûҪô˵ȥ֮û֪ôǵСμңǵ
ҶЩЦᵹ飬֮ǰԼС۸С١ſˣ˵ĻҲʱôҲһܡ


157 ɱ

ҸС١Ķע⡣
С١ʲôԺû˲֪ģɽﴫ˵ζ˭֪ʲôóԵġ
ȻҲû˲֪ЩҶġ
ҶȻ³ԷôҪ󷽷ĴС١һκõġ
ģ˭ҲܻС١ô
Щ˲˵С١ֵ˶ڼЩ֪С١⣬öš
Ƿ͵ģС١Ҷʾ·˲ٵͣһͼζʹ
·Ĵ̲סڣмŵСӴ򿪷ҪյС١ȴԼҴ˻ȥҪǹһٴ
ɿŵ㣬役˾ͳԲˡҶһ۹׵ĻƵ˵һ䡣
ģҿء
С١ֻһƤ¯ӣϺзȻټ㣬ǳˡ
ҶİæС١ʡõϣһŲ˵ԼӰͳ±̵ĺ̲衣
ɫı±ＫΪۣҶҲС١֡
İҲһӣһ˫ЬռҲûˣһֵı±֣ҪǴӰͳһ´ɲҲ̫ˡ
˵´ɲ׿û취װŶ
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뻹ܲҶȻЩȣ룬ʱʲôȱ˾Ͷµġ
⣬ǰվտˣҵ׶ǲģԣʱҲùȻҲڲˣҪôҪôʵš
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С١һ߶ִһߵа࣬ϾŵŻء
㣬ǲõȵģȳԡ
ڲŲ㣬ȵŵȻǲܵģҶС١ֳһЩС׻ԡ
㣬÷ˡ⼸롣С١ЩΣЩﻹжԷֲˡ
Ҷ濴һ۳ƺҲղżС١ʱ򣬾ôóˡ
ûᣬҶ˵һԷӡ
С١صظҶһ˫¿ӣҵĿӶԼ꣬Ҷ濴һۣĵҵĻÿһС׾ڼҾ߳ҲǼ˰ɡ
ҶռЩǲֵģմɵģǴɵĻʳƷPPʵȻһԵӡ
ĩԷʲôģҲһǻϴʰǣռô۵ŲռطȻԸһЩûʱԲϴ˾Ͷˡ
ò˵С١ջǿԵģ٣Ҷ֪ɱûıȵġ
һ㡣ҶС١ûôвˣǶָ˼ӡ
С١ůģ̧ͷҶһǲõЦлл㣬Ҳԣһ㡣
֮ǰиһЩ⣬Ҳ֪С׻ԣżܳԵȣҶҲС١ôԶ
ϾʱˮͻȻ壬׼Ҫӵġ
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챾ڵľ磬ԹŰ˵ӣͺʹҹһҹ˾
дЩоıԵǻˡ


158 һ

ҶȻڴԺҹС١ʰҲȵĲˣ׼ȥ
ھͻȥ𣿡С١һæժΧΧϡ
Ҷͷ󣬼ֵôҪȥ°ࣿ
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Ҷ֪˼Ҫ˵ǣģһϾûǮҲŮͬ־ᱻıɫȻǰȫġ
ԼԻȥЩ˯ɡ˭֪ϻиʲô顣
Ҷ汾ҲûôģֻС١Էʱһ˫ڴһ뵽Ժˣ΢ԥһ£Ҳͬˡ
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ǣֿ֣Ӳʰ㡣
С׳ȺõķһҲЩĻָɣŭ
СμҲûȫ˯죬СԺζᣬȻӶʱѹˣ裬ôŵζˡ
ɲ𡣡ϵС׹Ʋ°ͣӦڳԷ
ⷹ˵ζʱǾŹһˣ֪˯ǰһ顣
ȻԹˣˮģʵڶסʲôҲûʲô˯ˣ˭֪С׼һⲻǰ˯ô
СνӻζҶöˡ
С͵ЦҲζͷ𡣡
˵СΣԺ˭ҲС׼ζԵ
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ϵ룬ڣ˵ĶԣҪһЩĺáϴҸʱС˵һ


159 Σ

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С׳ԺϴС١æЬӺó翴˷֮ɫ
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Сǽиӣһ˻û취Ĺȥ
С١ĸ߸ߵģǻˣܸоΣա
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ԺϹһҵĽŲʾ˸ղ˾Ԥıʲô
С١Ҫţֲ̧Ӳͣסˡ
֪ʲôҽԺе룬ҪûаѽѣְѻǿɾͲˡ
ֵͲڻС١ֳԺźǽγɵļнǣܿǽͷ
СĿһ£Ժûˣȥ
ʱһëȻĸоС١ҲľҪȥ֪סҡ
һ𣬾޴ĳǰһˤ
һˤȻݵĴŽһЩҲС١ˤΰصģԴһɣ˵죬Ҳ

С١ݵĴ֣ŵһǼѵ죬һһ㣬ϸСŴ㣬㡭
ʱҶͱˣ͵ϵɫࡣ
ܿ죬Ҷͷ´һӣӿռóĲ˵Ķսռ䣬һ·һ߿첽ȥ
С١ףϵ·ɽǻճ˲ٵĶŬĳűȥ
ƵըըʱͱغõĻ߾ѾȼˣʱŨĻͰѷӵȼҲ̶ʱѾӵ涼ˡ
㣬㡭㣬㣬졭С١һĻ˶ˡ
Ҷ˵ݵʱ򣬾ͿܵһѾӶŨ̺һڷɿİӶ
ÿţҶܸоһ


160 

ӿռŪһʪëѿڱסҶٵɨһںڵǺ֮ǰβóѣҪݻ
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ϴ꣬˻ûأžͱˡ
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ܻΪ֪ͨ˳״ˣ֪⾹ȻҶ档

Ҷź󣬰ϣŵѯʡ
ôˣʲô£
ȱôࡣҶһ߰С١ɳϣһʵܣҼǵҩԲԣ
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濴ҶɳϵСƨСʶ֮ǰҶǰġ
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С١ʱԣﻹǲס߶ţ㣬㣬ߣ㣬ߡ
͵͵Ȼġ
׳ʲôˣ̻ζٿСϵʲô
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һ£ܿԲ𡣡
䣬ܾȡҽҩ䣬ȥٳʱ򣬰С١˴ԡ
ҽȻбҽҩϰߡ


161 ô

ʶҶ󣬹ܼҽҩ˲ٵҩرϴҶ˵飬׼˲ٵҩûҶϵĻģб޻û뵽ôˣڲҶ档
棬յˮá
Ҷ汾Ҫȥģһ⻰æӦ£תˮˮȥ
С١ϵѾյĲȻ꼸£¾ͱ鲼ˡ
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162 

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163 

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164 

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165 ʹ

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дƺеΣգСɰòҪģÿɡ


167 Ϊʲô

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168 Ĭ

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̫ˣôôء


169 ٺ

ܿ½Ȼϵ鲻ԣɵẰһҶĻ档
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⻰½Ȼﻺ˵š
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˵ĶԻ½Ȼ˼½Ȼ̧ͷһߵһҴŽȥҲ߹ȥ
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½ȻҶǵĿһ۹ϵķţɿڣ棬ôûȥҽԺ
ӦҽԺȥôס
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һû˵½ӳ㲻ҽԺҲܰѲ˿á
˵գܿҶ棬棬ģأС١ܿͺģ絽ҽԺһҩԹ˳ҩϢûˡ
½Ȼǳ˳飬ǲŹܵҽֻǾ˲ҽԺЩ֣ңΪһҽôĿŵıʾԼְλı𣿣
½ȻղҽĻˣСĿڣ½ӳģòǵúȥ˰ɣȻ˳·˸
ܣҶ⻰һ


170 ˭ļ

ҶĲͬһû˵½Ȼһۣ״˵ϣҾͲƽˡ
ôһ½ȻȻЩգҲձ֮ǰ˲١
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һĨɿЦݣ½Ȼµûš
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½ȻԣĬˡ
֪ҶȥԺʱʶС١С١ĵĸҶھ½Ȼ룬ϴҶ˵һֻ׷һСк˹СкС١ɣ
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Ϊ˺ԵҶҪչˣ
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Ҽ첻ȥ˻ᵣĵġ½Ȼð˵ôһ仰
ҶԿܣܺܿͰ棬ģһС١ļ˵ġ


171 

չˣ˻ĵġ
½Ȼգĵ֮ܲǰС١ܿͲã˹ܳԺȣչˣ᲻Ը⡣
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ܿ½Ȼ˵ʲôʱҶѾźˮˣֻµĻ½ȻϵЦ䡣
һᣬҶƺΪ½ȻϢԵЩá
½Ȼ͹˲ϵĻ⣬ҶҲֻĲɵЦЦȻͰĺŲ衣
״½Ȼ̾һ໰Ժתתֻôһ䶣棬㣬ǵʲô飬һҪҡ
ãһġҶûоܾ
ҶѯСԺ½Ȼ֪Ҫô˵ֻϰ࣬ᴦá
ܿ͵˷ˣ½Ȼһ緹½Ȼܾˡ
½Ȼ뿪󣬹ܺҶ飬ȻЦˡ
ܣлл㣡һоڲС
ȥˣҶǵԿС١
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ڼ䣬ܹһۣҶ浣ǣڵ棬ģС١ûգ
ҶŤͷſڿȥܣ治𣿡
͵ǰͷȥסԺƻ½Ȼ֪Ҫ鷳治С١ˡ


172 

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173 

Ҷ⵽С׵ĳƺС١Աߴߴģ֮ǰ治֪С׽ͱһҶͬ־
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Ȼû˵С֪ȥС١һ£ҡͷˣҶҶڣС١ûµġ
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㲻𣿡
СЦЦҲҽ
˼ҶȻðɣϵزҲˡ
ûС١ڣҶС׻治֪˵ʲôãҶСûҪʵģҲͲٴˡ
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СױȵСҲˣһ룬Ϲ˰Ľӡ
ȻҶû˵С֪չ˺С١ġ
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Ҷ뿪С׼ﴫ˽ӵζǵھһᡣ
ֵСҲ˼˵Ĵ
ʲô֣ǻһ㣬Ҳֵǳԡ

ԸƨɵûѧӰԡ
ǶãԼҺҲеС١ǰҶ濴ۣùԣôԼżԵõģһԣ׵顣
ҶصҽԺļԺʱѾߵˡ
Ժ֮ǰҶһ˵ǴӿռóһЩ
ԼϴָС١Ҳ׼ף̷ۺһӪƷǸС١׼ġ
ܼҶŲٶЩȣҲûпѯʣһЩʳһܾЩӦ֮ǰҪ˵ġ
棬С١ĸûкһ
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գǳ˳飬Ҳ̫ˣܵ˿ҲһۣҪҶ˵С١ֵ˸ܺãܶҪС١Ǳϳŵˡ
Ҷ¶͹˵ȥС١
״һԿ⣺Ѿҩˣ˿ûж񻯣Ҳûзգͻѹˡ
ҶţּС١ɫ֮ǰһЩŷĲ١
ҩģȻּ˶ҩĶ˺Чҩ
ͳС١Ҷ棬ΪҶ治ôΣôҲðС١κòǡ
˵ûȥʡǣҲûʡǱߵ˵ѾʼܶЩźܴҶȥһ
ϴ֣Է棬Ҫú˯һˡ˵⻰ʱ࣬ܿҶһҲû˯á
ҶûоܾԹԵͷ
֮ǰûϵļڳˡ
˳һ⣬ӣǼ
˼һЩС١ÿԺȡ
Ҷһůʲôû˵أͶ뵽Ҳźˡ
ܣлл㣡Ȼ֪лĻǳҶ滹˵ˡ
ҪллңԺ˺úϢǶĸлˡ
֪ܵģҶȻܾԹӦ¡
С١͹˵ھŵѹġ
Ҷú͹ڴһûһ죬ͻȻԴҶһ£ܣȻ˵ı첽Գȥ
ܻǵһμҶôһء
Щί
ҵˣҲôţ


174 ҽ

ֻɵˣˣŷӦӦðҰġ
ͷͻȻð͵סΪʲôôֵί
ʶҶ浽ڣδܹˣҲδʲôôͻоء
ڴţһᶼûŲ
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С١ѹİĸɾķ䣬һãȻ
ŬϵʹɵĳȻŲʱҲŽˡ
㡣С١Ҷ棬ʶЦȻɵʣ㣬û°ɣûˡ
Ҷҡһͷû¡
۲ۣ
ȻִԽ磬ɶҶ˵ĩ·죬˹ܣ˭š
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С١ǰҶҪȥαװԼҪ˵ʲô໰תתֻʳôһ
С١˿Ҷ棬ֵͷһԼֱϵˣ˵ͷҡͷ
һۡƺҶھΣС١ظһѡ
µģҶˣԲô£˾˵ۡ
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ԼҩȻЩ㣬С١ҲԸ鷳ˣңԽ˼˻ǲ鷳ĺãЩͽ
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֪ڸС١ҩʱöƲûйŪۡ
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ܿ죬ҩˡ
С١˻ᰤ۵׼ˣɲҽŹѵԼĻᣬϾɫɲÿ
û뵽ҽȻƢõӣֻͦģС١ܸоС
ӸǺúС١ŹܸлЦЦ޵壬ҩĺܺأǺҽɣ
ڰҩƿšԣƤЦⲻЦĿС١ҵ˸ȻǺõģһҩҲҪҪһԣ
һԣ
ҩôˣûû˵ģΪʲôҪԡ


175 н

С١һ㶣Ȼҡͷˡ
ⶫֲǴ´ЬʲôԵġ
һԳأ
ղŻùҲôС١ջضۣҽƢãҲֵֹģƻϲо߰ҩעһЩýԶһĺá
֪ܲС١뷨ϱ仯ı飬Ҳ֪ʲôûߵȻԣӦôһ㡣
ˣС١⻰һճŭˣ
ֻǣһ룬ܵĻС١˺ü롣
Ȼ㣬ӦúҽŶԡ
壬ƨҶ㣬ȴ壬ֱ
ǲԸ⵱ʲôģǺҶһ𣬵Ȼԡ
С١㶣ɫÿĹܣ׹ΪʲôˣǾԼˣ
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С١û˵ı鱻ܿһûĵٺ壬ôʰ㡣
СҪסһʱģԼʰ׵ĺܡ
ȻҲ֪С١Ҷ˵ǲһģȻʲô֣ССĽѵһµĿԵġ
С١عˬĿŹܣҽ㻹ûн顣
û˵ֻûм޸㣬˵Ľ㻹ûн飬˼Ҷϲܡ
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Сӡܶ䶯˶ϲˬıºޱȣҲ˼ֹУôҩǲǸо֮ǰúܶˣ
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С١أҽôͻȻ̬ȣʱ򣬶ʱ׹ˡ
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С١Ȼ飬УϱºֻͣС١۵׵ľ档
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ܿԲС١ƽϣС١ҪҶ浣ѹô
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ôˣǺ𣿡ҶС١û˵żˡ
С١ҡͷǣ㣬Ҹղž¸絣ģҳѾһˣҵûؼˡ
⻰Ҷŷ˿̾ͺá
ѾС˵ˣңѾǵڶˣ˯˿һˡ
һˣС١㵡
ţһˡҶڴߣС١ĵһ˫۾ɰ
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ҶȻĻ飬һůֻúЩɣüӺִ˴Сǻ飬ûյҪȻԺȢϱˡ
ڴԺʲôĻûС١Ҷ⻰ʱ򣬻ǲ˼
㣬ҲŲȢʲôϱء


176 ϲҲ

ҶһһɨҹŭˣһԹһ飬ĵȢϱѵ㻹һӰ
ȴԣҶһЦ󣬿ڣ棬ȱ˵ô࣬ιС١ȵ㼦һҩˣٺú˵
ҶҪԼιС١ģ˵ûչ˵ľ飬˵˭ιС١һҶҲûм֡
ȻȴȵιС١ȼҶ治Щ˵Ҳûʲôչ˵ľ飬ĩ඼ǹչġ
С١ιźΡ
ҪԼֺȣ˵ܲãҶҲֵֹġ
С١ϵļ˼ģֱۺϣȻײʱյļ
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һ뼦ܿͺ꣬Ҷ˵ȥһ
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Ҷȥ˼Ŀ϶ܶС١ڣ㲻þòڣֲ㣬⼸ʵһúˡ
Ȼû˵С١ҲоˣΪҶĵԵʡ
С١ͷԹԵĵлȴֹϲҲУ㲻ʣ
һ뼦С١ͷȥģٺãҲ
С١Ա㣬ȥϴǰҶ治ҪС١˵̫õĻԻС١ڶϢŻָĿ죬ֻԼףΪҶҹڶûϢ
㲻ǻȥôȥȥҶʳ
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С١һЩû˵ҶҪʣǼգŴ۾Ŀһſڵķ֪С١ĲιܣҶ˵ʲô룬û˵
ҪһʱģΪιܣҪС١Ҳɵιܡ
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Ҷµı飬С١ϵЦݣԹԵͷһ򶼻ԶΣյģͶ㿪ˡ
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С١ûаĲ˼ͷǿ˵ǽ㲻һ
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С١һҪ˵ʲôǼҶԲƯ۾æͱϣһʲôҲû˵ı顣
״Ҷ浽ɫ㻹ССû취ʲôæģΣյʱ򣬴˻Լģ˶ˣһҲ޼¡
С١˵ҲСˣǵͷ˿Լ뵽ΣһЩȸ󣬱ȹҽôҲͲôˡ
ǣ̧ͷҶ棬ޱȵ˵ҾͿ㳤󡣡
Ҷ˼ֻһԴû˵
ʰùһ䣬ߣ㳤νֲҪ㱣
С١ѹֳԺúȺãܲûʲô⣬ҶҲͷĲ١
һɣͲɵķ˼ǷҶС١͹˫˫ߴٵĿУ˯ȥˡ
Ҷ治ڣܰӷС١ߣº󣬺ϾĿ
С١һ׹л˵ҲĻ
û֪췢ֵʱ汻ûаС١Сӿ˵
СԺĻɲС˵û֪㱻棬Ҳǽ㲻Ը֪
С١ܿ˹ͷҸðҵ塭ҽ￴ˡ
ܴԼ˵С١֪ܺ⣬ȻѡԵȥԸղС١һ塣
ˡðգҼʱѾʮˣһշģòײգúúϢ
С١ףһεͷлллҽ
֪Ҫô˵ˡ
뵽ιȥ㱧ӻ𳡳˵˴ԶҹҽΣС١ůýˡ


177 Ҫù

ظð죬鷳ҽҲýˡ
㲻ÿ
Ȼû˵꣬С١᲻֪Ҷ棬лסܼôõҩá
û˵ôҩƵġ
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ǰ컹ͦõģ֪ϣſ飬ͻȻ鶪˴ӲϱžĦʯصߣϱ鼫Ϊء
֮ǰټѵսƻʱҲûйء
СһʼΪʲô鷢أҪȻǸżʲôҪûа죬Сĵòһ£Ȼǡ
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СµĽīûǻǣȻСµ߶߶ˡ
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С²ǲ֪īһԺҪǡ
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뵽ѵϵЩĿСѾԤԼᱻôӲˡ
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ҶԺ֮ǰͱ˻ͣ½ȻǺҶŲڼҵʱ򱻶ֽš
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Ҷ˼½ȻǵĿ⣬ǳһ£ҪЦҲЦ½Ȼˡ
ô˵棬֪ܷŭ
Ҷҡͷϲŭƺľһá

Ҫģתһ룬ĪĴȻҲᱻˡȻͷβûҪ
飬ҡ½Ȼ˵ţ뵽ﻹˣǿһС١ڵķ䣬ûм˵ˡ
֮棬ģܿͻȥˡ
ͣ
С١ڴŲûȫϣȻ˴ĶԻˡ
֮ǰΪըһˣȥＸεģΪʲôһҲûų͵ζ
һ㣬СԺôһ⣬ҲΣˡ
С١ƺˣҶ˼νӣҲȥǶصļ죬ҶԶŲڣΪ̫䣬ʱ䳤ǼһֱȻŲʲôζġ
ܲڣ½ȻҲǹҶ棬˳˵һ½ҪæȻô


178 ɶĹҽ

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179 ͼ

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180 Ա

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ҽ̫ļˣڲɫýϰء
ΪС١ҲɳһᣬҲûҪҪɴȻһԵġ
С١ֲ㣬Сһ㣬ӳҲǿԵġ
֪ǲǴҶܾýЩ֡
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ܱĵͷš
ﲻ֪ԼǱС١ˡ
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죬ĻûС١жҶĻȻΪɣϾϻصظС١׼ļš
ԾС١˵ˣҶҲţԼ۸С١С١ŭԶѡ뵽һȻСƨˡ
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181 ͯϱ

ԺôС١Ѿ첻ӰȻע⵽ģС׸ϰϰ࣬óԷĳԷһҲĵӣ˲ɷ׷׵
˭쿴С١𣿡
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СֵҲǳԵĲͷҲǳԵĲŴĳԣԴӺСελҶ´Ժ󣬿ɲˣˡ
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182 ֮ĶԻ

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СκС˼СƽĻشʱеˣС١Ӧûµģ£Сﻹô˹ģͼˡ
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˲ŻشԺ·û˵ҶŻ顣
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Сƺоһ漴˵С١ͻˣͦģҶǱߣͦĵġ
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ʯͷŶҪԽӣŸƮĽζﷳʤɨͰʯͷһ١
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ʱС١͹ɳϳʳء
ʳС١óģȻԼҲԸġ
ЩԸԣԺĶҶԸԣԶԣҽ⡣С١һϣʹƵĻ㷢˻᲻˵ġ
ȻǾͺ֮ĶԻˡ
ܳţɣûİС١һۣСӣסҼңõĻҵҩҲҪǮˣ㻹Һ
ҿԲҩġС١һ˵
õҩҪǲҵҩ͵۵ĴŲţС١ϵ˲أΪʱԼƵҩ࣬ҪȻô˯˯Ծͳԡ
ţС١ǲϣܻмƭ
㻹ӲܱĵĿС١һۡ
Ҵˣˡ


183 ʳ

Сһβסҡ
ҡ
С١ҭסˣŲӿŹܣҪ˵ʲôǹƺţɣ鿴ܲ
ΪС١һܳţɺ˺һСڿһ£С١õЦš
С١ˣվһԼվûйŸߣƵ£˫ץҶ׼С̺ӣίΪʲôҪ㣿
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Ҳ˲ǣ˹˵ʶɱˡ
֮⣬Ҫ˵Ҳ
С١ͷ룬̧ͷľǿ飺ҵģ
ȻС١СɹҲûаЦ˼˵ҿɲôΪ
˹ģС١˵䣬Żһ䣬Ҿ䶼Ҫ
С١ίģ˵ʲôܱܺܺõȥƿ֪
һ
ҶС׽ŵʱ򣬾ͿܺС١ǳǢɳһʳ
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Сһ۾ͿС١ЩԲС֪ԵĺܺãֿȻڲǷʱ㣬ǺЦͻϴ·
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ȴţһΣǻѡġ
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С١С١磬Ҫ͹ҽ֣صлġ
С͹ܿ˵ŻҶ濴˿ܣֿ˿С١Щɻ
ˣ˻ǶأôõĴһʳˣѵʳô
ܲûҶϻɻ󣬵Ϊ⴫С١˴ɹʶҶΪ˶Ϊѡ
˽ôܣҶڵʱǱúͺģҶġ
ҶȻ벻ףҲڼܺС١ദǢȻС١סЩΡ
С١˿ڣȻ಼ˣҶС׵סĴȥ˵һỰҲൽ緹ĵˣС׿Ը
Сױ뿴С١˻ϴ·ߵģ֪ᱻһԷæܾҶɲС١Ͻ˵˵ȥ
ܣҽְɣС١סǹŪģҶҲЩ˼Ͼɲǵء
ֶһСףǲæҲ̫˵ȥˡ
áҲľܾȥǵλЪһᣬͿԣҺûʲô𡣡ɲҶԼе
ᶼûǣǰֵҹȻŨ̹ΪŻˣܽȥһҶڼ嵰ǵŪĺͽ̿࣬Ҳм仹һܿǼԭ͡
ǳͰﶪ˺üʧƷҪôǽĲڽļҪôһ뽹һȴģоǱˮͽŪĲ֪ܲܽмļ
˵һʮҶŪģɹҲʵڿȥ̣̣ˣæ֣ȰŪ
Ȼû˵ϵı˵һУҶ治ЩΣյʲôвϴ˻ǿԵġ
ã̫СҲûˣҺܿŪˡ
˵˵ȥǾܾҶֻڨڨա
СС١˵
Ӧýȥģ٣ڣҲᱻˡǱճɷСԺʱС˵Ǽٵġ
С١ҡͷ磬Ƕ˶Ȼҹȥ÷ֵģʱˣٻȥ㶼ˡ


184 ҵأ

ǻҲûô࣬͡С١Ȼû˵꣬СδĻ
ܵȻ飬С촽˶û˵ˡ
ˣ˵ʲôҲˡ
ô۲ۣ
С١ЦЦǲ̫Щ
˼ЦأҲ֪á˵С׶ٻЩģС١ϵˣҲûˡ
磬⣬Ҳû뵽һ⡣
ú˰ɣҶ㻰Ҫ鷳ˡ
С١Ӧ£ȻӦȣ磬н㡭
СЩ˼ǿˣҶҺġ˵⻰ʱЩڣЩ졣
һΪ粻ܽءС١ЦˣЦĺܿģҲû֮ǰСýҶҶʱСģ
ûУĸоһûֻǣֻǡ̫ðʧˣҶ㲻ܶѡϾһûǮûƵԲ˭Ըⱻϡ
С֮ǰҲõܵóȻ׽ҶñͼֻҲΪִܵ־ǿӣҶ˺ܿĽǰɡ
ȻС׺֮ǰҶŪˣȻкͬһΣټС١ƴײžҶ棬ҶȻܶǻ֮ǰһˡ
ȻҶԼҲܰȻС١ǲľͷжС١С˱ͼôˣͼĳԺôůˡ
С١Ҳ˵ᣬܺõģ˲һ
С׵ͷû˵飬ܵѾظ˺üˣСһʼǱŰŰɵ̬ȣڣѾȫȻûһ˿ˡ
û취Ҫ˵ͼҲǿͼı˲ǡ
ʮӣܾŪĲһ
ΪǨС١˶Ū嵭ʳһٷڱ˿ǿɱȹ껹ҪõĶˡ
أ峴˺峴ݫģʯΪСһ𣬹Ūķ֮ǰһЩ
ԴҶסº󣬳ʳľͼΪʢװͲ˵ˣѼ⵰ﶼԸˡ
¹֪Ҷߵ˫µ飬Ҳզ಻ѡ
ΪҶЩ飬Ѿ˳ʱæزˡ
С׿ϵķһ£뵽֮ǰҶǴЩʳģһܵ˺ȴԲһҲͲˡ
Ҷ淹һ򲻴ģԣϵĴ󲿷ַʵ˹˵Ķ
С׵һκҶԷЩ˼ģҶ漸Ȱ£Ҳͽſˡ
СҪϴ룬ҶȻûвģҲӦʣС١˿Լֿ֣ʰˢĸ磬Щڣ˳Ժȣʲôܸɡ
С١ϴ·һģСײҲ֪һҶģûǮأҶ͵ݸһӡ
ʲô
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Ѿˡ˵ùȥġҶ棺Ҳ֪㴩󣬴ĳ룬Ƕ··Ҳܴ
˵ģʵҶӿռõģСϴȻϴĸɾǴŲٲ·ʱˣռ䲻١
طٳʱ˸ӣһ׻ɫװʽ·ںߵĸŷ磬ʱãֻǿЩӱǲ̫ۡ
ǺãǮҸ
С׵Ļû˵꣬оܵԼֱ̧ۣͷһҶ治õı飬ʱˣü󣬲ſڣǾллҶˡ
ôûҵġȻܲҪҶС١ˣָСҲ׼ˣûУðôһĴ׻
ӦԼ˵ʲôʱ򣬲Ӷˣڵȿȡ棬ҿЦġ
ҶЦаôûУõȰ£һû֯ء
û֯ãԣһ㶣Ȼ׹Ц۽ֱ϶ǿĵЦݡ
ʱ򣬹ܻС١һۣôֵģҵĿ֯ġ
أ˵˰ɣ
С١мҶڴë£ǻëߵɫЩأ֪Ǹܴë£ּܺԼNɪС١ɿƲһ죬װûпӡ
ôģҶҲЦġ
ܴë²ʱģǻῴ֯ëµʱдˣһֱûʱ䶯ֶѣˣͶˡ
ĩʱɸҹ·ģʳﵽк˻·ڲһë¶ѡ


185 ֻﵽ

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ܿҶ΢΢͸ӣЩ¡
˭
ȻҶû˵ʲôɹܾ֪ʱһˡ
Ҷܿ񣬹գۼҲѹе
СͳԺҶҪȥ翴ûпģ·ϾԾ
ԹҶк
ԾһҶ棬ҲЦŴк
Ҷͬ־Ҫȥ
ȥ翴·ݵƱͷˣ˻ûȥվأùϢԿС١׼ȥ
ǡҩҶһ䡣
Ծ̧ҩ͵Ŷң½ӣˣҸղžǵҽԺҩġ
½ȻˣҶԾ
ߵʱҶ滹ŨҩԵģˡ
԰Ծ½˺üͰˮŰѻ𳡵ķ淭˸׳죬һһȵģټ⼸ûкúϢǿȵĹӰģɲͲˡ
½ҹͷˣû칫ңҵ֪ģ½ֲϵҽԺҾܳҩˡ
ҶЩĵʣô𣿡
Ҫ˵СԺճɷ棬ôɵĶ㿪ģôҲýܼεʺ˽⣬½ȻڣɵıܿЩ鷳¡
ңΪ飬½ȻҲæġ
Ҫǲ֪ã֪ˣܲġ
Ҳ֪ҳʱ½ӻЩա
ԾֺҶ˵˼䣬뿪
ԶһЩԾͷһͷ˼Ҷ棬ĵ½ӣҲֻܰ㵽ˡ
Ҷԥһ£Ǽվȥˡ
ѾǶˡ
ǰģʳҲĲˣҶȥʱ򣬲ӵ
ҶȻӦӣȻƱȯôѿϣҪȻһֱԵĿռĶֺãĶˣҲ˶벻ǡ
¹Ӧϸ棬첻ĩŶĴǼͥŮҶŶʱ򣬻ǰͷļҳ
ϸֱŹӦһδװûˡ
һһҲЩҶϱҪˣһŸϸӵʱء
Ŷϸ͹Ӧ棬ǲǺĸҲ
˭֪ءֺƲӵʱʱ͹Ӧ棬붼֪±ʲôװˡ
ֵǴʱվĹԱʵ棬ҪҪҪһ
ҪôҪˣɣܱûеĺá˵ĴͳƱһӵϸˡ
ڲ˭֪컹ûУ¸¹Ӧʲôǵ¸²֪
ѩûлʳ߲ҲͰײܲҶÿˣȻߡ
ϸ棬ϸﻹƤҶƣںֳļѼԵĺðɣ
ܺŪױŪױ
ҲŪã뵽ӦûһЩ棬ҶҲûдӿռðۣŪһȥ
С١Ѿ˯ȥˣɳϿ顣
ռңС١˯ڴԣֻڴɳסˡ
ҶŪоŴģɹܾܾˣ˵СԺճˣٴֵŪŪǵģע
棬ˡæ飬ŲٶǰӹĶ
ӹһ֪࣬ܲҶ˶ʮĶô·ü𣺡ôô࣬Һһȥ
ҶЦһʼҲûôģһ£Ȼȥ˾;ҪȻ湩ӦʲôҲ˵׼Ҳỵ
ʵҶһҲ棬һЩ߲ˣ㣬¥ڹս˵ʱӿռŪġ
ֲɵôණôԶ
´λҺһȥɡһ˵ţһ߰Ѷ
ҶЦЦû˵
ʱ˵棬ʵﻹвٶأҲżġ
Ҷֻ˵С׳ȥ˳ȥΪƣҲûжʣ֪ȥˡ
߲ⶼУȻûмѼˣɵЩҲܳһˣ˴´ƹͻˣЩҲܳϴء
ҪģҪ˵ˣС١ˣҪԵõġҶ˵˵οôʳ
һҺƤƱƱȻŬٶ


186 һĸо

ܣҳԲЩڣҶԲ˵Ļģڹǰһֱû̫ѹԼʵ뷨
ʵҶȻ󣬿ڳ滹ǺģԣҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
Լ·ģҶпڳſڣŹܿڣܣأױɣ
Цԣ
ղ˭˵Բߴģһתˡ
еĴȤҶЩ˼ߵҾܣøЩóԣɤӵױС
Ҷٿ˵ҪԵ㶫ųԵױȻܾ
ܷһϸɸʱҶ氵̾벻ҲС
ʵǹܴ״ӵ̫ˣէһϸɸɸʳ֪ôģҶЩҪЦÿǸҶĸоһͷ³ļӸС
ЦʲôϸİƤɸȥҶЦ̧ͷһۡ
ûСҶҡͷ̲סЦֻǣûЩ档
ԺЦʲôģվţȥϢһᡣ
ҶͷЦЦ뿴Ū
˵õĲ鱾ǿҲһζ
ܳĿһۣЦӹôණ˺óһ·أ𵽼˻š
ҶһЦհˡ
ɸֻʣ˲Ҷ濴ЩɸȥƤһЩʣԾʳҪģҪͶ̼˰ɣ
ҶҪױȻҪúģǲɤӵģġ
ɸõİ棬ȻЩĸۺͰš
ϴ֣һ𣬵ϼֽ׼һҪõĻͣһоҲͷĲˡ
ҶסºŪģ֮ǰǰܼ׼ģʮ˵ŪױˣŪʮζʣµġ
ȻСЩҲûڹڳôʡǵһ뻨ͣһţܿĲѹƽմϻȻϣ˷һ档
һȦһȦţȻҲ½İѷױÿӼеһԵֽС
Ӱ߽࣬ױҲŪ˲١
ŪŲŸպŪꡣ
Ҷݺ˲裬һЩǰͷŪѾһЩױڲ輸ϣȻ͵ȹʰһˡ
С١ζһžÿҶһױζ֪ױ֡
ˣã̯ױ
С١ڰױŵһȻϰ鲼Ĺܣĵã˯Ĺù˻ڽǰNɪĳˡ
룬С١ҲûбֳԹԵĵͷȻɳϡ
ҶûС١Ȳ裬Ǹһţ̣ױζҲܺá
ܺҶȵ̲裬ɳϣŲ裬ȵױ˵Żһζ
ȻǹܺҶ˵С١ĳױţ̵š
ܣĺܲء
¥żһӵҶ涼ҪΪԼڵĲȱʳʱˡ
С١ţ̵Ķһ٣ĵȻϣ˻յȷܺãҲԸѧԺóԵġ
С١Ϊ뷨ںÿιʱһĿţһʼܲף֪뷨ﲻЦѡ
ȻǺˡ
磬Ҷ治ǵһγױˣǹӪ껹ʳױûйĺóԡ
Ҳ֣Ϻõİ棬Ǽ˰ǣȻЩԱȵˡ
УίԺʳõױҲô
ʳõױҶҲ˽Ծ顣
ˣܣﻹûиðյҩ
ôˣͻȻһʣЩ֡
С١һҲЩ֣ԼûиðհѵǸҪˣԼһðյҩҲԡ
˵С١ȻùܺԼҶЩҪϲ½Ȼǹ۾Ŵǻһ
Ҷ棺ûУҽȥվ·ԹԾ˵½ȻˣţҪҩĻ͸һ㣬ȥʱ˳ȥ
ԾȻ½ȻҩˣҶãܵҽãҩԵӦúõĿһЩ
½ӳˣϲأ½ȻˣЩȣֲ⡣


187 û

뵽Ծ˵ĻҶЩȷ˵Ҳ֪Ӧеصİɡ
ܣϲضÿҽС
ҩܳģô˵ҩٶעһ㱣ůӦûðղǡ½ȻֲСˣﲻЩ
֪ôģ½Ȼ첻żҩģĪľе㲻Ծ
˵½ȻʱЩ˾֡
棬ҩɲҳԣðҲֵֺܶġ
֮⣬ûˣҩܻЩʡ
ˣԾѾ½ȻҩˡҶ˵գһ£˵Ҿãһỹǹȥɡ
Ҷ⻰ڻعζ½ȻǴɣ
Ҳ֪½ȻҶ治ٵæΪҶҪǲȥҲ˵ȥ
˵ͷȴǿС١һۣС١ƣһܸԼɫ׹
㣬Ҫ𣿡
ţһȥһίԺ
С١ЦӯӯĿڣȥɡ
ҶҲľܾУԹԳ˯ȥС˯ųĿ죬ο㻹ţܡ
ܸС١ɫҪҽڰҶ֪С١ȻҪţС١һ˵ʱܾ֪϶еģ˵ϵ˲̫·ϵҲóš
֮ǰ½Ȼʱǿ˵С١ܺðյģҪǱ½Ȼ֪С١ˣѯסҶ浱ڷ顣
ǡѾûгˡС١СֱȻš
Ҷ濴ϵˣЩɻûС١Һܿͻġ
С١Ҷ˼䣬Ǿ͹Թˡ
ܿС١Ҷκģȵ˳˲ѹһ
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С١Ʋ죬ûôһýһʼǵͷ˵ġ
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Ҷһᣬڻ½Ȼĸŵʱ˼
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½ӣóҩˡԾһ˵ţһ߰ҩʹ׷ŵ½Ȼϡ
ȷţһͳԡ
һҡͷ½ӣղҲô˵ģⷹ˼ˣ㻹ûгء
Ҷ˳Ļ׾Ϳ½Ȼһǵķ衣
½ȻͷҲ̧û£һһˡ
칫ﻹԴĹԼʮʮͣҲ̲ס˵½Ȼ䣬½ȻͷֻڿʱͣºˮȻͼдš
ԾҶʱѾվڴˡ
ҶԾ۾һֶ½ȻķŬŬͣҶͬ־ãȰȰ½ӡ
ҶЦЦ߽칫ң½ȻߣĶŵǰסĶ
ұߡȥֻûгڣ½ȻͻȻ
ΪҶǺġ
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Ÿղű϶ŭ½ȻһΪҶ̬ȱͣЩողŵãԾ˶һۣӶԷ￴
ҽԹ˵ˣ㡣
Ҷ˵ţԾЦЦֶ˵ͷǴкˡ
û£Сˣ½Ȼ˵ţֵűӣ˵Ŀԡ
̵ܣҶ̾һҲû˵ֻǵæҲóԷ
½ȻرİӵĻȳԷɣȻҩϢһᡣ


188 

£½ӻʲôӦ
ϻ½Ȼ֪Ҷͬ־ô˵ˣ½ӿ϶ܾġ
ף㾹ȻҲһ
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Ծ˴ɫš
½Ȼû뵽ҶûиоҶ治ϲΪ֪ˡ
Ҷ澫µڲסĵǣ½Ȼ̵ģĵҩȻȷġ
ҶԹֿˣ½ȻȻ᲻ӣ˼ĵͷӦ£ҲûԷ˳ʹҶſʼԷ
칫˶õ´ɴ׺ˮȲ裬ͷİ칫ҿûд͵רõˮУҶҲõġ
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ҶĶ£½Ȼǿųһ룬ֺˮҩñٿˡ
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ǰ칫ģҶ濴½ȻԺ÷ҩҲˣûо
½ȻҪҶ˵һỰ˵˵СԺҲã᲻㣬Ҳֻա
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Ķһ֪ǺöĲ˵Ǻ˵ƻûйϵɲһ򵽡
½ȻܾҶȻûȥҲᣬ˵˼ˡ
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һЦ㲻Ƕ󣬹ϵҲҪȻôôԹĳԷҩҪ֪СԺСôȰ㶼ûء
Ȼû˵⻰˼˵ϲŮͬ־ˡ
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Ȼװæµܿ칫˴ȤĿ⡣
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СԺѾĲˣΧǽܱչĺۼʾĻжôҡ
ҶվмӣȻת·ͬ뿪ˡ
ʱһɫװ˴ӹ䴦˹ҶվλÿһûСԺֿһҶղ뿪ķһ˿ɻ
ղˣǲǡ
ҶصҽԺļԺʱѾˡ
ͣѩ֮ǰĴȴҲһʱᶼůͲ
һţҶͼС١ɳϣĶſڣһԭĵų˲õЦ
㣬
С١ִ࣬ǵڳ׼ĹܶԴ̽ˡ
棬һΪίԺǱ߳Էء⻰˵ȻޱȣҲûгԴ׵˼ͺھᱻ½ȻίԺдһ
ҶЦҴӦС١İô㲻ûҵķ𣿡
ȻǡЦţ˭Ҳ㰡
Ҷԣһ£ЦĸˡĩʱҲ˵
С١Ҷ濴ĽǶȣNɪĿŹܣǵ⣬ɣΪҲġ
ֻС١ĵѯҶ漸䣬ȷûҪԵĲˣȻسȥˡ


189 ĵ̫

㣬۲ۣ
С١Ҷ浹ˮģˣҶȻǲҪֵģС١ԹԵɳϣʵǸ½û°ɣ
ûŹϣĻȻС١Ļ󣬹ͻȻãԼҲôˡ
½ȻСأС١ˣôҲûôˬˡ
ͻȻڴ½ȻҪС١ʱʲôˡ
һһĶԻͻȻãС١Ҳ֪ܽһЩ顣
Ҷû뵽С١ЦЦ˵еСأѾԹҩˣӦùܿġ
ǾͺáС١ĵһ¶ɵЦ
ɲȥ½壬һ˻͹æˣһ½㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ҶϲС١ЦЦһ˫ںڸɾǹ⣬ůϡ
˿ڽоô˵ţҶС١֣ϸĿ
ÿοĨҩ֣Ҷ涼ײյҵŵǰԶ龰Щ
һС١ʵĻش
Ҷ棺Ҫסˡ
㣬֪ġ˿ϣ˵ĨҩأŪĵҲá
Ҷ˳ʱίԺǱߣ½ȻصԼҶĶʱһ¡
ҶѾǹȻŲô۵Ķˣ½ȻǷǮˡ
ڰ칫ûд򿪰ڳҪȻ˿ⲻҪʲôˡ
½ȻҡҡͷûӦڵϾûûʵģŶ칫Ҹ֪˻Ϊܻء
ȻЩ½ȻĿĵģǲɵֳһĨЦ
ΪЩҪʮǮģΪЩĶĶǲѪģҶĵġ
С١ĿȻе硣
û죬ҶʹԾĿ֪½ȻأѾסԺĵز
˵кúóԷҩô͸ղˣҶһߺԾȥһüѯʡ
ٻ¥ëߣҪС١Ҳ֯ëˮͷ׼ȥ½ȻԾȻģʹ֪½ȻҽԺסŵ顣
֪½ӾͻȻҹ˸գǲûкȫȻͼӰ๤СԵʰɡԾҲˡ
Ҷȥ֮½ӺһӾͺЩŵһԷʱҩҲʱߴˡ
ǻǻССЦһţ֪ⲡ˵ؾصġ
ҶҲ֪ԾʲʲôϾԾ½Ȼͬ£ʱûһ飬֪ôࡣ
ҲȰŵ㡣ҶЩε˵
ԾȰˣ½ӵƢԣæ˭ȰõģҶͬ־⡣
ҶԣԾһۣ˵棬ƿĿ⣬ֻû
ûе½ȻĲˣҶʹǰ뿪ķҵĿԵйֵİ칫ʱء
ȿȿȡȡ
ȡȿȡȡ
½Ȼͷ˰ڲϣһֹֻŵΣһֻץŴأڲͣĿԣɫЩףȴǺˡ
һĿԺҪѷοȳһ
ʿڸ½ȻƿҶͷкҶͬ־þò
þò
½Ȼ۾Ҷڲһ㶣㣬ȿȡ㣬棬ôˡ
˵ţ½ȻԾһۡ
Ծæڣ½ӣҿûȥҶͬ־Ҿȥٻ¥ʱҶͬ־һС˵©ˡ
Ҷһ飬˵֪½ȻǴԾõģζԾġ
ˣͱ𼤶ˣҲùԹô˵ҲѣˣҲӦõģþò˼Ҷ滰䣬ʿʵʿ½Ȼô
纮ðĸգҽԺʱѾյ39.3㣬ˮ֢״ҪסԺΡҪչɷˣҲ֪½ȻôŪôء
⻰ʿ˵ģýĹ˵ġ
ղѲÿҶԾ½ȻĲˣǾ˼ȵ½ȻĲ
39.3㣿ҶԾ½ȻһۣתԾʵԹмɣҪġ
ûаԾһ⣬Ȼ˵Ҷͬ־Ҫȥ翴
ܺ½ȻҲĿҶ棬ʿ׼ȥĽŲҲΪѵʲôƸյƫ


190 

ҶҲǺż39.3㣬׼ø½ȻյĸصʱĶͷѼ죬ҲʡһȼǮ
ۡʿû뵽Ҷô˵ûסЦˡ
ԾԭҪ뿪ĽŲһ٣ͷЦʶҶͬ־Ҳ̫˵Цˡ
ȿȡȡ½Ȼ͵ؿҶơ
ЩΣ棬岻ܸյܰѼġ浽Ǹز綼ˡ
ŶǻǿϧˣԲɼˡҶڲסĿϧ
˭Ҷǹô˵ġ
棬½ӳˣͱЦˡܺЦȰš
ҿûпЦڵʮȵĸղŵҽԺҿˡҶ¶֮⣬˵˲»ս߰
ȿȡȡȡ
˭ҶĿķǣ֪Ҳǵ½ȻȻЩǿˡ
棬һȥ˺˵أû뵽͹ˣ㲻̫ˣ½ӳһġ
ҶȻɻ󣬺͹˵˼䣬æȥˡ
һߣԾҲ˸ڳȥˮˣʿûסЦͲ˼ȳȥˣǲֻʣҶ½Ȼˡ
˵Ҳɣ½ȻסĲҶ浱סһ䡣
֮ǰڲϣڵǻ½ȻˣҶ治Щ˵ĺЦ
ǰ첻úϢôܰԼڵסԺˡôƴ׼ø𰡣
ңȡȿȡûС½Ȼȵĸˡ
Ҳû뵽ء
½Ȼ˵ϣв˼飬죬ǰʱˣҩҲû£ֻԼ֪ҹ˾ʱһСʱˮ
ܺðҲûкãˮɲ
ֻǣ½ȻԼҲû뵽ҽԺ磬Ҷ͹ˣҲľϲˡ
½ȻȺˣҶ浽ײٷ̣ڲİľ£½Ȼû˵
һᣬ½Ȼһ£һˮɫ΢һЩ
Ҷ涯ָ½Ȼ˸棬εҪҲҪ˼壬û㣬תġ
½ȻЦЦ飬Ҳ˾֡ʵ
ȻѹһЩ½ȻѹҶΣա
⻰ҶĶһ٣ԭһƤһӾͶϿˡ
򲡴ϵˣҶ治ڵĿڣ½Ȼлл㡣
˵ллҶҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ȿȡлȥ𣿡½ȻŬ¿ԣԼ˵˵ĺһЩ
·ʱ򿴹ҶƽСԺ˵Ǿסĳûʲôر壬ԱջȻҲѡ
һʱû취ˣôҲ󡣿ȿȡȡҲһֱڡȣڹҽסţС١ûȥˣؿȿȡίԺסɡ
Ҷû뵽½Ȼ˵һ£Ҳû˵زȥסֻǰõݹȥ½ȻȲ˵ˣԵ棬ֹȡ
ٻ¥͹綼ûҶռģȻԾһҽԺԾ֪ҶԭȰﲢûڡ
ÿÿʱҶ;ãԼĲá
½ȻȻ֪Ҷ治ϲУίԺסɵסڴԺĺá
ʵ½ȻûʲôθڣҶصģǿ̿Եˡ
Ծ飬ֻҽԺ˰Сʱ뿪ˣҶ浹Ƕһᣬڹ°ʱһߵġ
½ȻվڴߣҶ͹ԶıӰһĪĹâ
ʱ򣬲ű죬½ȻҶʱ⣬ȴǾˡԼ˽ҶӣȻ֪סԺסںļԺܲġ
ԷˡҶЦ̧̧еķ衣
С࣬ͳײˡҶһ˵ţһ߰ѷ򿪡
棬Ҳ̫鷳ˣҳҽԺʳþͿˡ
ҪŸȥʳô򷹰Ҷ˵ţ˵ˣ԰ɡⶼŪģҾǴԶѡ
ܺĵ˷㲡嵭ʳҶͲֳĲŲ͹½Ȼͷˡ
½ȻϵЦһ˲ĶסܿͼҶ˵
ǻͦ鷳ҽģһҲͦ۵ģͲ鷳ˡ
Ļû˵꣬ͱŵ˴ˡ
鷳ҲҪԵģǶһѡܲûдŰ״ӣ°ʱ䡣
װɢʵҶĺҽԺ
˵ͬʱ½ȻĲ˿ŵһ½Ȼĵٶȡ


191

ܣôˡҶЦʵ
ܣҪ칫ø뵽͹½ӳ
½Ȼ͹ܺѵлȴǰ⣬ùصعǲҶ
ȻʵҲˡ
½ȻԹҶ͹˵һỰ˵ʱ˱뿪˲
Ҷ濴ŹܺʲôЦ㲻˵Ҫö𣿡
һҲûбΣ򶨵һ£ҲԣϰҲõ
ҶԣɵЦˡ
ܣǲҰɣ
ûС
С
ûС
϶СҽԺ¥ϹҵıڵƵ⣬Ҷÿװ򶨵ϵһĨɫ
ƹҲоԼշˣּҶЦӯӯĿԼڵƫͷ㿪ߡ
öġ
ҶЦͷ첱ӺӺÿɰء
˲ڻ谵ҹУҶ治Щ񣬶ˣĩû˸̫ɽʱţҹˡ
һΣҶȥѰʳС˶飬·һС¥
ۿɫԽԽҶ涼ҪΪԼˣû뵽Ĩڵĸ˹
һС¥ľսĹһҹ
Ȼһҹ̫ƽǴ˻صĻأйڣҶԼһ˸Ų
Ҷûл͹ܾô޼ɵĲҪ֮ǵҹС
ѩûлķ紵ձģҶȴ
档ŻƵĵƹ⣬ܺ׾ͿϵĻ䣬ʵʲô
ߴҶ̧ͷŹܣЦûʲôǰһЩ顣
ǲǡܵĻû˵꣬ͱҶĶˡ
ǿ߰ɣС١Լһڼң֪᲻Ầء
ͷԼŵֱۣϲ¶õЦݣŲ
ҹУܵ
档죬ȥӰɣӳĵӰˡ
𣿺ãʱǴС١һȥûȥӰء
ЩΣҲûж˵ʲôʹɣҪȻҲġ
Ҷ͹ܻȥʱС١ɳһСء
С١æԺ۾㣬ǻ˰
ôط˯˯ġ͸һС̺ҶЩҡͷ
С١Ҳû˯š˵¹˻ȥӰͬҹŻ
Ҷ濴ȴǿŵСƨһů˵С١ûµģȥ˯ɡˣҸ屻ţȡ
Ҷţ̵ʱ򣬹ܿ˿С١Ȼû˵һ
ҹ˾Ҷ˯ȥɳϵĹüͷһĨ˼
½ȻĲص̫ͻȻˣڵĺһһӸղˣּظðɷס
ܲɣ½ȻⲡǹģȻû֤֤
ǹԼŪİɣ
ܾãԼ½Ȼһ㣬תԺȥʡǡ
ʱڿԵ½Ȼ֪ôģͻȻһƤ񣬵ܿȥˡ
Ҷ½Ȼǹȥϰ˳ȥģԾ½Ȼʱ½Ȼͷģ֪˵ͱԾһֱ۸ˡ
أ󿴵ͷҶ棬ʱ׹
ң㣬ɫҲû˵˼뿪ˡ
ҿ֮ǰסҵĻˣҪȻҿɾƻ½ӵĺˡҵ˵
Ծ֪û½סԺڶˣһҲû͹𡣡Ҷͬ־ڣͷⲻ½ô
½סԺܶҶͬ־˵ܲʲô
Ҷ沢֪Ծ뷨½ȻһֱգȻżнɲ鲢ûкܿΪԼΪأΪ˲ȾҶ棬ҲûҶڲ
ǣҶͷ½Ȼ˵ϼ䣬͵칫ҹȥˡ
ʵ½ȻҶڲǰϣܶ½Ȼ˵һ½ȻûҶ
ٻЩģ½ӳⲡͣΪ˲ҲŴȾظðʱ򣬲Ǳͨ״̬һЩ
ʵù˵½ȻҲ֪㣬ظðǻᴫȾģڹܿں˳ҶͷˣҶûֻͣûڲѡ
Ҷͬ־档ҺЦӯӯĴк
ҶЦŵͷҺ˵˼䣬Ž˰칫ҡ


192 һһ׵

ҽڸѽҶߵļǰļĹ󣬰Ư۾
ȻҶʱûгڿѹ˵ɹûת֪
棬Ҹϡ˵ţëգɿεҶЩɵɿ֡
ô֪ң
Ҿ֪ˡЦĵ˭
˵ˣŲ֪ˡ
ÿܾ˳Ƶ֣˻ûתЦʣûڲɣ
Ҷҡͷ
ܲ½Ȼ˵ˣҲҶ˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ԵȻǲһġ
Ƚ½ӳظðһʱ׺òˣȾԻǺǿģС١ˣҲҪǸȾϣôҲˣǼɾˣһչ˲
⻰һҶ治Լʲױ½ȻȾ˸ðҲù˼С١Ȼˡ
ռпţҪǴ֣½Ȼﲻ룬ˣҲ͸½ȻֿԵҲ˵ʲôҲ¡
ڴʱŽһͼҶ֣ģ֪˵ʲô
Ҷֳڹܰ칫ҺһϰˣＫΪˬ
ܱﲻãȴɿҶ֣ݣҽ𣿡
Ŷǣзݲ˵ţ˹
ܲ߼ָָ칫ķ򣬵ҽǣһῴġ
⻰ɫһ˲ĲÿҲû˵ʲô˵ͷֻ˵һ䣺ⲡżҪ鷳ץʱ䡣
ת뿪ǰݵ޵ĴҶɨ֪뵽ʲô۵׷ɿһĨ⡣
Ҷûݵֻ뿪󣬺͹˵˼䣬ʼԺ󣬾뿪ˡ
С١Լڼأȥǡ
Ҷһߣܶʱð칫տյģ˼ӺεЦЦʼ
һתۣ͹ȥˡ
ˣҶļҲൽʱˣһҪϰ࣬С١ϵĺܺãҲĲҶ浹ûôˡ
㣬𣿡
С١ϵһֿһǽϵĹӣʵ
ѽ˵飬ϲǳԷġ
ⷹˡС١棬˻ڣҲⷹˡ
Ҷ棺ġ
ȥ¹ӵģ㻹Ƕ¥ĺãԣҾˡ
Ҷ˵ֱ׳ģܺС١֪ģûʲô˼ġ
Էһỹø½Ȼͷء
С١˵ʲôģҶ⻰ϣԣʵ㣬½ʲôʱźðôⶼһˡ
öˣΪ˲ŻҪסԺ
⻰С١һ˵Ͳȥͷˡ
⼸죬쵽ǰͷͷȻ˵ûþͻˣǾͦ۵ģϾôء
С١֪ģҶʵţžԲվţžԲŵˣóͷȻˡ
ǽС١ڰĶš
ã
ҶӦգ룬˵ûˣ벻
СҲһΣھûҶʱ򶼾С١̫ڷˣܺڲڼһļҳĵ׵ԺļӸС
롣С١ҡͷ
ҶЩΪʲô
ûΪʲôԼչ˺ԼŲչԼС١ͷ˵档
֮⣬ҵúúÿŽС
ʵС١֪Ǿﲻ㣬ϾⲻǽңԸû²ģнڣҲ
⻰Ҷ棺ʲôʱ򲻻չԼˡ
ˣ㣬Ҫҹ𣿡
ҶЦÿιȥֵҹʱС١˵ҹޣŪĹĺܡ
¶ѣֵ࣬ҪǸҹޣҾʹȣòã
ŲᡣС١ЩΣʮˣֲСӣôúСأ
ҶգЦЦС١һŨ۵ĺ廨⣺Էһ᷹˾ˡ
ʱҲڳԷ
Сˣɲ֪
֣壬˵´οɾͲˡݶϵһԼʮͬ־
ݣܺǾȡ
ǰӵ룬һ£ϾǸ׵ѡ
ҹϵһܺãֻȥҲûƵƵϵҲΪʱȥţˣҲ߶߶Ҳûоܾ


193 

û뵽ݾͰˣ֣սѵŮְֺԼ׻ͬѧ
Ŷ治ˣ֣ȤĿһ۹ܣֿ˿ݣЦճŭˣ
ݲĽ֣塭
֣ЦѾ˼ˣŵˣˣҾͲˣԷԲˡ
Ȼһϵ˴˶ܵĸȥˣݵĸҲǰ徣֣ڣܺݻͬһҽԺڷĵȻҽԺˡ
ݱҪ͹ܶӴȻŹˣֵԹܵʱһɬе˭ܿ
ô˵㵱ҲٵĿ࣬⺢ӣôҲء˵ڹһʱ빤ľ֣۵˵š
ЦЦûʲôöѧѧǻйôһξܸҶ
ܲ¹ӳʳðɣ뵽ȴһм˷ˣܾҡͷЦ
ң˵Ǹʱˣʱ򣬺ͨŶҪģȻΪԼ֣εľ档
˵ˣҲǲ߲飬ȻܲͷˣͲͷˡ
Һ㸸׿ǡ֣ҡͷõ㵹ǺҷˣҲ룬㻹ʱҾͱˣôԸԼԿҲ˵
ѣһί㲻ɡ
ܣ֣壬ô˵Ҳûңһ㣬Ҳһʱ䣬ô̥ء
ʲô̥ǣССʱʹǡ
ܴܺǴСϲһ˴ţҪôǺһʱϲ˵ŪĹ˸ģ¶иʲôë
Źܵҽѹѧͳȥˡ
֪ͳȥû꣬˸ȥˣǰӲ˸źڰѹͳȥ֣ϡ
Ȼ֣Ҫʲôʱʵܺ͹ڶϵҲͳ˺óһʱĿࡣ
ϵϵʱ򣬹Ҳˣûͻعˡ
ЦЦû˵СʱֱǡˣСʱ飬Ҳա
һţдֻ֪ܿҾѧʶģû뵽ڸȥ󣬳˺óһʱĿࡣ
뵽ô̿࣬¶ôõĳɼĽĹâ˼֣˵ɷòģЩһѳëͬ־
λǡ
֣һԴôеô֣ɲҽԺҲǲʶôʲô
ݶԹкøУ֣ȻҪսŮһѵģô㣬֣ûŮԼŮ޸ˡ
ݸһЦ󷽷˵֣˵ǣΣҽ㣬ͽܣ㲻ɣ
ҲҶǰֱӽܵģתһ룬һ̫Ҳã룬ио
ԡ־˽еģΣҽͬ־Թ˵࣬Ҫ˵ҲֻҶʱ򣬲ǽеʲôܸоͱ˲ͬĸо
ᣬյʱẰҽĵʱĻܣ˵ʱẰܣɲյģģڹܿÿһƺǺ˲ͬġ
Լڣ֪С١ڸأԷ˰ɣ
ԸȶûԷɣ
ǵһ˿ЦݣһϲӣҲϲԼôģ֪ͲӦֵĺˡ
ܣⱭҾ㡣ݾ˾ƱлҲٶ
üݼ״˵ǵһȶ
Цģͺһ㣬ġ
֣Сˣͬ־ܱСһŮͬ־
º͵ЦЦû˵˾Ʊ˱еľơ
СˣСȻͬһҽԺ໥Ӧţû¶ﴮţѽ
һٷ˽һСʱȻֺ˻裬֣˼壬ȹ뿪ʱѾߵˡ
ڹ֣ܺʱݾһԹۿʱʱĲ廰Ȥǵ֣ʱЦԽҪ͹ܴһˡ
ңŸˣǰˡŴɫ֣Щڡ
Цſο֣壬û£ڲߵء
ڵ̫ˡ֣УСһŮͬ־ģ·ҲȫСˣ㲻ǾҽԺļԺס𣿺СҲԶ˳·
ܻûпأݾЦſڴʵܣһ𣿡
ôԡܻû˵أ֣Ա߽ӻ


194 

Ȼˡ
֣˵꣬ܣ˸ɫСӿҪúðգҲ۸С
ܶǳ˳飬ͷ˳·
֣һôô˵أ˵Ļѹֵ˻û
뵱ڹ͵ʱ򣬺Ӷˡ
ݵǲ⣬ЦĿģðǾ鷳ˡ
Ҫ֪ҽԺʱ򣬳£͹ʲô˽˵ദºڷߵģȥô·ϡ
뵽ʲôݵϻһĨߡ
֣С˰չ˺СҪúð͵ң·עⰲȫ
˼䣬ܺò״֣߶ź뿪֣
һ·ϣܲûкݶ˵ʻҲǻصһûһġ
ȻǸͬѧŮɶԹ˵֣ŮҲıʲô̬ȣǰôڻô
һҪɿԼ˵ҲЩգôô鰡
Ҷ㣬˲ǡ
С׳ʱҶҲǰͷɢˡ
Ҷ½Ȼͷ뵽ûмСףҲ֪һôǾͳʱ仹磬Ժȥ
С˼ʳ߲ˣС׷˵ҹ˲ȫҪҶһ£Ҳûоܾ֪˻ڰ·ÿܺˡ
ҿˡҶ濴ǰˣ峺ﻮһĨİ˵飬ȥѼͣǺһ
ҪǸ׺ѵŮָΪҪϼ׵Ĺϵ
С׿˿ǰͷˣٿҶ棬һĸղŵеɫȾ˼⣬䶯˵ʲô룬ûпڡ
ȥɣԼԵġҶƿĿ⣬ߵСס
С׳ĬӣҡͷҶɣϵģһ˲ȫ
ûܺͱһߵʱС׾ͲҶһ˻ؼԺῴˣˡ
ȻҶû˵͹ܵĹϵС׹ȥܼʱ򣬶ٿǵģҪûʲôϵôС١סǱߡ
ʵСûаС١ؼңһǹҽܸС١ˣС١ڣҲҶסܼʲôйŮģл
ǣҶ涼ײܺͱҹС˵Ǽٵġҽˣ۸Ҷû˳
һĻС׶ײˣôߣһ˳ͻҶҪŮͬ־ðæǡ
ʲô˲ŮˣСвͨģأ˵Ҷˣðæ
ΪʲôС׻ҶˣҲ˵ǾҶ治ˡ
Ҷ㣬ģһҪˣһġ
Ҷ汾Щ£էһС׵ĻƫͷȥϱޱȣҪ˵ĶƺĦȭ˶ֵ׼ˡ
һ˲䣬Ҷһˡ
Ϊʲôһˣô𣿣
СʵصΪҲҶˡ
ҵȷˡҶ濴ܵıӰһ£֪뵽ʲôû˵ˡ
С׼Ҷϵһ˲ʧ䣬æοҶģһġ
Ҷǳһ£û˵Ҫ붯֣Ҫ˰æ
Űף֪ܲҶߴߴ˵üЩ֣ͣôš
Ͳˣѩûпʼأô䣬ݴ߸Ьʲô²Ửˤ
Ҫ߿һģݵĸ߸Ьߵ̫죬֮ǰճ֣ļŲԶʹ˼ˣŲðѷһЩ
ܣ֣˵㵱оί𣿡ţϧı顣

ʱһǲͦ۵ģ𣿡
ᣬϰˡ
ݵͻͻСǰߴҶԼ˵ݡ
ܣĺôС;͡
***
СǰͷЦȻϱһûκα仯ߣ벻ܾȻϲĻɫ
Ůͬ־Ҷˡ
Ҷֻ֮˶ѣܾȻô֪ô
СԽԽ߿ѹС١ϲء
Ҷ沢֪Сķ߷߲ƽûмӿŲ˽ŲôС׺ں档
ܣҶͬ־òƹϵܺð
ţǹϵǺܺáܣ߿һɣʱ䲻ˡ֪ΪʲôܾŻŵġ


195 սԴ

ôż𣿡
šҶС١ڼġ
οһ·һֱŻŵģȻԸĥ䵢ʱˡ
ԭΪܾ㲻ϣҲҪһµģ֪ôɴĳˣϵЦݶһ£ȻܿȻЦ˵
ƹһʱ΢΢̧ͷŲЩ룬Ҫѩһ
ô룬һµӣȻǡһ紵ϵĻѩЩ
ݲ֪ôģ뵽˵ӰΪŮǷȥͷϵѩŶΣҲûбܿĻѩ
һЩѩ䵽ϣͷϣйŶĻѩõĵݵĽëϣգ۵ĶѽëϵĶ۾
ܣ㡭
ֽߵĿڣüͷšͷҲأЩ䣺ҽͲܿһ𣿡
ǡݵн˵䣬ƺһ˿Һͺ¡
ܣ۾ǲǵʲôˣ
ʲôûӦ
æץϹܣͣסܣҲǿЦģ۾ĵʲôˣۡ
ԭΪûأ֪һ̲ס۾˶۾ᣬգ۵ļ϶Կ۾Ѿ
ôˣ
Ҳ֪ǵ˶۾ˣ˻ۡ
ܣǲҪϹˣݸо۾һۣҵ˿ǻ
ܶǳ˳飬Щ䣬ҿ
߹˽ֿڣҶС׾ڹսת䴦ܺͣ£ĴսԴСǲ˼ƫߣȻӦæҶ档
ҶôͷĿվڵµ˵ĶĬ
Ҷ㣬ҪҪ
СѯʵĻû˵꣬ͱҶһˡ
·ƻ谵ãҲûܿݵ۾ôˡ
ŬĿأݾ۵̲סҪһ۾Ȼ󱻹ֿĿ֡
ţԽԽۡ
ǣ̲סĺ۰
ܣ۾ж̫ϸСˣƹⲻãҿҲûˮû취Ū
ô죿
ȥҽԺ˵ţһĵݵ֡
ںۣ̲סҪ۾ݲǲ֪ԽԽأĴ۸ܵҪץ
ܲΪҽֺͬ£Ū飬ݻãû²ú·ǵ˵˵̧ͷɦŪ˵ģֱҲ
ţǰͷԶҽԺˣ㵽ҽԺȥѩˮҲܻһ㣬·ϵĻѩȵЩ࣬һѩҪѩˮҪ꣬ϴʱҲȽ鷳ȥҽԺķ㡣
۾ۡһ۾һ߶Թ˵·ˡ
ܼ״üͷݺ𣬳˼˼󣬵ץҵֱ۰ѣҴߡ
Ͳܡݱ˵Ͳܱ𣬿ɻ߻ȥˣȻǴϣż·ģҪùܱˣ˿ָҪ˵ʲôлء
ȻϲܣҲ뱻˴лҪȻܾԼǾͲˡ
۾ĲʿŹܣ˵һ㣬Ҳ߲졣
Ҷ㣿СЩǵĿҶ棬Ằһ
ǰͷѾǰˣץŹֱܵۡ
ĳΪչݣŲ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰҪܶࡣ
ûʲô߰ɡҶ滰䣬ŲһΣĽŲٻǿܶࡣ
Сһ£첽ϡ
˽ŲȻܿͿ˽ŲĹܺݡ
ݴŸ߸Ьżȥ⣬ǵҶ濿ʱͻȻо͵ػͷȥͼҶСø
Ҷϱ鵭ֻ˹һۣûκα仯ͺһİ·һһ룬ڣҶԽˣ첽뿪ˡ
һ㶣һæ档
Ų粽Ҫ׷ȥﾪɣô
һʱ죬ץŹֱ۵ѿˣ˼£ײ·ߵϣü
С׸ҶԽ˵ʱŤͷһֿۣ˿ܣû˵ֻһ˿档
һҶ棬һţҲס˹ܣĴſܣҰ𲻹ң˵ҵҽԺġ
ҽԺǰͷԶԼԡ
Ҳԡݸ˹ܵĻˣ֣˵ˣǷҼһģҲӦ֣ƽҵġ


196 

ܱݽסһʱûѿǾôҶ߹·С
ܣҲϹˡ˵ʱ΢΢һ£Ǻ׵۾գգȻգգһ룬ְ۾Źֱ۵ֽ˼֡
ղҶ·һĻݲûҲ֪ҶһΪ͹ܵľٶݲŲء
ȥҽԺҶͬ־ҵʱ͵ġ
ҶѾԶܿǷǻؼԺķһС١ҲڼΪҽݻǸͬѧŮֺͬ¡
߰ɣȥҽԺ
ݻ¹ܲܲ˵أûУϲ¶˿ĵЦݣһ룬۾˻ܣҹ۾Ҫúϴһϴˡ
ĲɵӦһ
ȻûôɹܿҶղŰҲûͣһԵ߹ģ֪Ϊʲô鼫ˡ
˿Լֿ˿ݣ룬ʲôҲûѽ
ݱôһЩ飬۾ҲɵĽһЩо΢ȵĺףÿҲ֪Լ۾϶׵ĺͺҲˣʱ־õʮ
ôˣݣҶͬ־ģһ͵ġ
ˡܾܾҲҶʲôӴ
ݻ˵ģǾһͬ¹ϵ˭ģҿҶͬ־ȻߣҲЩûѧʶСǼˣϹġ
֮⣬ҪҶǾСǼЩûѧʶĸŮûʲô
ȻҲ֪ղҶˡ
üͷЩ䣺۾ˣ
ڹң
ϲȴñ¶ֵĵͷ˵ۡ
㻹˼ıġղŻ캰صĺۣԼϹˣᵹզզ˵Щˡ
һ¾ˡ
ð죬ݲſڣίѣһǿղôҶͬ־Ҷͬ־˲㣬ܡ˱ˣҲŲء
ݾͲֱ˵Ϊ㣬ֻģô£˶ԱȣֻҪϹĶ֪˭ðɡ
ġȻô˵ȴǲȷġ
ǲҶ𣬾Ҷ治֪Ϊʲôƺ˽Ƣԣ֪ü첻˵ġ
Щ񣬹ܵɫ֪˼֡
һ͵͵˼ۣЩãʱеף֪ӲɵҶƢʱ򣬹ܿ϶ͻ᲻ˡ
˭ҪӣҲûʲô飬㲻ĵƢ˭ܵˡ

С׾ôҶ󣬿˵ʲôǺð춼֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
ҲҲᡣ¥ʱС׵ûסˣԶҲ׼ȷ˵ʲôûء
ʵ˵⻰ʱСҲ˵Լһ·ҶĬϢ˵䵭Ҫ˵ʲôο£˵ϹҲá
˵Ůͬ־ϲˣҲ˵Ҷһء
ҶԿ׿ţ⻰һ£Ҳû˵ʲô
һͼС١룬һҪŵӡ
ҶֵҪţ
㡣С١ںڵ˫æҾͲȥˡ
㲻ȥǰͷ͸֪һȥСʱһڼۿϵʱһһĹȥ¾סˡ
С١ſˣЦʣ磬ôҲˡ
С١ﲻ֪ȥСȻЩֻܵҶ棬ǽ͵ҶȥˣˣҲģ
С١򣺡ȥԺ˰Ҷ֪
ʱȥġҶ˵ţ뵽ܺһ飬Ȼ֪ܲʲôﻹǲġ
һᣬҸõ㶫
⻰ǶС˵ġ
ˣҶ㣬Ҫˡ
ţ
Ҷ沢ûС׵ģ߽海˺üӺٳһҰ׵Ĳ
Ȼֽסңٳʱһ
Ҷ㣬ǡС׿Щᡣ
һЩʳʵװһѣСҶҲһӴܶණġ
һʮңһһá
СףҶ㣬סԺء
Ҷ˼˵סԵĺһЩۺ죬ϾҶסһĵطƾʲôԵôá
Ҫ֣ϣˣһ١


197 ԩ

Сȥϰ࣬ûˣױ͵
Ҷ治Ҳ֪֮ǰʶʱСȻ͵͵ɽϴԣȻҰζãһ͵͵ģһºһԲ⡣
ڣôȻۺģС׼Ҳ̫õţľţСͷϼ£ҵ˿ܽȥˡ
Ժʲô𣿡
Ҷ⻰С׺С١ס㿴ңҿ㣬ҡͷ
ʲô壬ǲײӶ󣬽ֵָǵķӡ
ǾͰᵽͷסɡҶ˵ţü΢΢˵ҵףҾߵķһҲǮҪȴԺõĶˡ
ǣܵסٲҪ򽻵ģȻҶ·ǱߵĶСԺͻ鷳
Ҷ·סļͥ˵һ䷿ȥġ
ȥģⲻúͷһԺӣԺȻǱܲˣסľ˻Ƕì¡
ҶǮСԺջûãǮһҲ̫ˡ
ҪģǵûһС
ȥסС׾ȡ
С١ǹԹԵĿҶ棬ýġ
ʵС١˵סﶼãסԺȷȥأԺٵ˶ᣬϲΪ͸˵Ự
ţҪпգ⣬Ҹķ£ǮҸ㡣Ҷ棺סԺҲǸ£Щ̫ˣС١һڼҲĲġ
С׿˿ܵܣۿЩ΢죬֪ǸжС١ܿҡͷ㣬ûµģҾסԺͦõġ
Ҷ֪С١˷ǮǵôסԺԺɲȥˡ
˷ӾͰС١ȻϲסԺǾԼסˡ
⻰˵ǶС˵ģСѵüܵɵסģҲЦˡ
㡣С١ί죬۾ˮģǿ㲻Ҫ𣿡
˭ϲѴԺÿιȥҪߺԶ
С١һû˵ˡ
áСûƴǡҶĳʳҪһ»ǮҪĶˣΪǮ͵ʳʧŴء
ҶǮйʣ㹻ˡ
ȻҶղŵĻ˵תһЩСҲֻ֪ܵǱԺһЩֵĲģѾ۸ˣֵֻһֱסڴԺƵģúӲѡ
ҶԣҲû˵ֻǶһķӣҾߵģҪ̫ƫˡ
á
ĶҶ룬˵Щ㻹ǴȥɣϣҲû˿غһЩͷǮҲܻǮá
Ҷû˵֪СڼҾ߳ϰ࣬ͷܴС١ȥô͵͵ҾĹҲпܵġ
СһҲͲپܾ
Ų뿪ʱСڴſںͻĹϡ
ܿСףһҶУίԺȥˡ
֮Իǰ͵ҴԼȥ½ȻĲһˡ
СվԭأŹܣ䵭ҿŮͬ־ˡ
ԣŲһ٣͵ػһ˲÷˵ʲô
ʲôŮͬ־ˣͷβûһ¡
㲻óҺҺҶһ鿴ġ
Сײûбŵһ仰תˡ
ԭأһ壬С׵˼ˣ⻰˵ҶҲС˵һĻˡ
ԩ
˵һ·һֱĻţƤԭ
ᣬС١Ҷķǻ
ɡҶӣŤͷôȥ˯£
㣬ǲס𣿡ȻҶû˵С١Ǿϻôˡ
ס
С١ҡͷȥҾȥ
䣬С١ƺӦԼ⻰Щʣæ͵ǣ㣬ҵ˼ǣң˵㲻Ҳ
Ҷ治żЦþͲסˡҽԺָܵססﲻʡ
ô˵ⲻѾס
֮ǰ˵ס˻ģô֡
С١Щ£ǼҶô˵ֻԹԵͷҸղøҷӵʱҽҸģͲҪ̫ԶҲܸˡ
ҶЦЦһԴȥ˯С˯̫ͳߵġ
С١ԺĻط䣬ڴϣܹȥʵ㣬Ҫҹ𣿡
֪Ҷ棺زء
⻰С١׹˻ǽˡ


198 С١ѵ

Ҷ˵꣬С١գ۾ԼһĨһ룺ȥ˯ôԡ
С١˵ʲôðֻ˵ôһ䣺㣬ˡ
ŴŴǴ˵СҡڣȻҶ֪С١˾Ϊ˲㣬ǱСġ
û£ȥ˯Ҳˡ
㣬
ܻʱÿС١طС١һתҶķ䣬ֻѾغãɵĳһ
״ЩСʲôѵֲ֪ᱡ֮
㡭
ܲ죬С١ͽˡ
龰ﲻ֪Ҷ϶ˡ
Ҷ治ˣС١ڸýҲˡ
ߵҶķ⣬ǻ˼Σԥǿˡ
棬˯𣿡
棬֪û˯л˵С١ŽҶҲŻطûá
£˼룬ﻹûκ
ĶʱȥҲ˲û᲻ᱻС١ˣſڽ棬ҲǵſڵģҸͬѧŮ֣ϵҲܺá
Һûʲôϵղž۾˶Ұѣûûһ뵽С˵ĿԼݣܾͼĲˡ
棬ܲܿţ
桭
˵˺һᣬҶûκεĻӦС١̲סˡ
ˣѾ˯ˣ廹ǲҪٳˡ˵ţС١ݺݵĵ˹һۡ
˵ôôأԭǹ˻ֵģǻΪʲôƨŮͬ£ղǻǽײ˹˻Ůͬ־Լ᣿
ط˯ȥƳС١һۣЩ䡣
ô˯С١ɲһۣ˵㱾ˣҪѲſ𣿡
Լ˼˯仰С١ѹ˵˵ĹܣǷеҶҲˡ
ҶĶԻ̾һӴ
ûû˯С١ȥհѷŹϣܾͻˡ
ŹܵĽͣҶ˵ʲôоģµģһ˵ܡ
ҡʲôܱС١Ļҭֻһؿڣ³ʲȥʵܡ
ֻ۾ˡ
ֻ۾ûпˡС١ָָ䣬Լ׿˵ġ
ҡ
ܵĻû˵꣬Ҷ˷š
С١ˣȥ˯ҶС١˵ֿ꣬ܣˣ˯ɡ
棬ҽͣҡ
ղ˵ĻˡҶ˶٣ڹڴĿУ˵֪ˡ
ˣʲô֪ˣ
ƺܵ뷨Ҷ˵һ䣺ûҽô
ղ·ʱȻֻƳһۣҲݵĲԾԺתһȦҲ׹վĽǶȵķ򣬲Żѹܸȥݿ۾Ķ
һ£òǲġ
һһ棬ҾͺãûС
ȥ˯⻰ҶǶԻһԵС١˵ġ
ܱ˻ɵĿС١ڣüãǲ˯ˣ
ǵĻԼȫġ
ܡвҶ治õĳ۸С١
ûСܷӦæֻͣǣ棬ҾǺЦѡ
ûҶһҶ˾ͻˣҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôĺãҲС١Ҷķһ˵˻
С١طԼתȥܾͰҶˣҶٴοǹԹԵطȥ
ȥȴǿŰϣĶԻ׼һвԾͳȥ
С١طҶſܣɫˣ˵ˣû˯ɣˡ
ȻҶô˵ɹоĲģ˵ʲôҶѾתѷŹˡ
ҡܿŹϵķţüģ۵׻һĨ
С١֪ʲôŵĻصȥ
ڴϣС١ᶨҪǽȥҲţȥҸ磬øϽѷãͿԴˡ
ûãС١ŹǷ˯ˣ˵Ҫ˯Ҷһֱû˯š
˰ҹҶ滹ɳȥ˯ŵ
ڶһ硣
緹á
С࣬ļĴܲаͷ


199 ſʼ

ܸհѷ˷ŵϣŴ򿪵æȥС١ϵЦݶʱһͶС١ɫʾС١ҶûС
С١ţڴңûҶ棬ȻֿܶԼɫҶ滹ûгţûһԼϴּϴȥˡ
ܣСӣǿҶķϣԼһȥ
ò׵С١ϴãڣĥ䣬ҿҪϰȥˡ֪ҶأСӻƫƫĥ졣
ȥѽҵȽ緹ͺˡС١û飬Թ̬˵Ϻá
ܶǳ˳飬緹һҪˡ
⻰С١һۣתҶķȥô죬Ҫ緹˿ûԡ
ŽݣûӣС١ͳˡ
ֻԼĶԻС١ѯأ
˵ˣȳԣ˯ٳԡ
ǻܽŲǰС١Ŀͣ£ɨС١һۣ˵Լϴ£ųȥˡ
ף˻Ҳ緹ˣ
ΪԼˣҶ֪˾ͻ緹֪Ҷ쵽ſ𴲣緹ȻÿԵġ
ʣµ緹ֻ֪С١һѡ
죬ֵܳĸܵҶĺԡ
С١ĳ˷һ
½Ȼͷûȥ칫½ȻĲҲûж
°ˣҲں壬Լ㷿￴飬Ҫô͸С١£ʲôãǲ
ܼҶ˵û˵䣬Ҷɶ㿪ˡ
棬ˣ֪Ҵˡˡ
Ϊҽͬǡ͵ҽԺΪɣ
ʲôûѽôô
ܵڶףΪʲôҶô֪ʲôûУΪʲôء
Ҷ棺ûѽҲû
˵仰ҶС١ȥС١һǧһҹҪҪˡ
ˣ㣬˵ǴħС١һӦһ߸ȥ˼תŤͷԹ˸
ã
ǽ㲻ģ֪Կͷ˰ɡ
½ȻÿοҶͷ׼׼ʱ֣죬ҲԾˡ
Ҷ滹͹˵ǲƽЦ鵭ģƺʲôȤһ
ôˣ½ȻҪԺˣҶͷһΣˣ½Ȼѯʡ
ܵĿ½Ȼһۣܺá
ˡ½Ȼ˵գﰵ⣬ѵסԺʱʲô
ûУ˵Ϲ
½Ȼţ뵽ʲô˵ھҪԺ
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Ҷ汾ߵһˣͻȻ뵽飬ת˻ȥ
°ʱ䣬Һ׼ȥϴּ䣬ҶЦŴк
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Һߵϴּʱ˸Ҷͬ־ҽҹҽء
û˵Ҷͬ־᲻밡
ҺתҪȥ˵һ룬κҽ˵£ûҶͬ־ҲСˣˡ
ʱ͹˵Żһˮͷһͷ
ţˮǰҵҽԺлͷ֣Ҹġ
ϴ֣İ״Ѿ£ֻɨһϵĶˣȥɡ
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ʵȥˣݵ۾Щ΢ףҲҶ·ùܻ񣬵ײϣģĶײŪˡ
ԵҽԺ󣬹żߣװǿĳȻҲ˳ˡ
۾ֻҪ˵ۣ˶˵۾ûжο۾ˡ
ԼƵͬ¸˰СʱǿôܣȻֵ˯£ڶ쿴۾ٻȥϢ
ĵл֪ˣǶͲˡ
ܣôƺ«һûţŤͷ⿴ʲôɿһĨ⣬װվ
ˣúƺ«˵ҷˣɱ˴Ӧ֣顣


200 Ĭ

ȴ²ȣڹ׼Ѷߵʱݾôɲɵˤ˵ܵĻ
ҶվſڣôɲɵĿһĻ
ҲͻĶŪˣһûӦܿƿʱüҽһֻû˵꣬ʹӰ򿪵İ칫ſڿҶ䵭ӡ
棿ǾȣȻĮʱӦæǣ棬㿴
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Ŷ֪ˡҶ浭Ӧһ˿ܣɨһݣû˵ת뿪
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ݸղŶڹܰԼƿܲˬ˿̿һĻ￪ģȴİŽͣҶͬ־ǧҪᣬĺ͹ûʲôġ
֪ܲҪôͣҲ֪Ҷ뿪ء
ҪûŪߵġ
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ǱʶУиڸҶһصģ飬ء
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ܺҶҳϵ˵ϲԼһ˲ѿִܿβҪŽı顣
ŲߣҶѲλĵĹ˹ǣȻأ
ֿݣﲻˤҪˤˤϲǸ֤ûʲô𣿡
ݱҭסһĿܣܲûֻ˫ĶҶ棺棬ҡ˵Ҫô
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ᶼǺͬ־ϵλֱ֡
æǵģǣǸЩԨԴһһͣǡ
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ģŮͬ־ͨȽס䣬ݾҪȥ
ʱ洫һǶϵ

Ҷͬ־û°ɣ


201 Ծ

ܻع첽ſȥ
ݼ״Ҳæϡ
ҺæĳҶǸ
ղűϿƵĿƳȥ˼Ҫ͸֪ܿ쵽칫ҵʱЬЩ󣬾ɵ˺˵ȰѶЬϡ
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ҺԼãִҶӹģæΣϿǱҸģ˵˵ҪģæҸˣµ顣
˵⻰ʱҺЩΣΪԼоҶ͹ܺìˡ
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վһԣÿһοҲдԼ֣ҶĲʾԽ


202 ҵ

ͣʺҶֻֽϵֳּһֽŶ
ʵöգҶ֮ǰô֣ϲ͹дǰֽϵּûв
ֻǲİˡ
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203 ɩӿɺ


˫R˧λһţСɵˡ
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Уţɱ̫Զˣһ͸ȥˡ
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ҵǿţˣһô˵оͦ˼ġ


204 

СһЦûӦĵ˼ҲûϵǸϱˡ
԰԰Щ״ʵˣǸŵĶôţûء
Сҡͷʵû
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ҪµԺ˶֪𣿡īûİСһۣ費߹㲥վ
ǺǡС¸Цˡ
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ӪϱǸڴ֮ͥԼ˵ĶһģĻظģżܿϱץ˲мѪӡӪѵͷѵ
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206 Ϊʲô

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˵ղ˵ɩɩӺʰ˸ء
С뵽ͻȻˣӣɩû취ҳˡ
԰԰ͳҽ˵˼仰Գһ㣬ҲС֮ǰ˷ܵĻлһĨã룬ʲôø˵ģҪŮʲôõģøīôġ
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С١죬ڣŲдء
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뵽Ҷ濴Լʱ㵵ŵ飬ԳĺǺһЦϴˣպĶֽƵˡ
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ܱ۾Լ󿿣û֮ǰʡѹ
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Ҷ棬ΪʲôʶˣȾ˲ңΪʲôء
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ǻӦ֪ҪҵĹܣǣΪȵ뷨˽ģҶѡԵȥ⡣
գܶǹܡ
ʧ䣬ΪԽǣͲһˣȻʶ
ܣϴ
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ֱڣҶ涼ĻǰҵʱһϢԵǻʱǶôıŭͷ񡭡
Īİ
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С١֪ģܲڣȻŪȺĲˣȡЩҲʲô⡣
ϸ˿Ҷȷ¶ڣȥš
С١𴲣ǳԷˡ


207 

ûӣС١ͳˡ
ܻǲڼңС١֣㣬˻ȿȣ岻𣿡
ϰߺĳƺгС١ӦæΣ͵͵˿Ҷûвﲻһ
Ҷ˳ʣİͷϻһĨΣҡͷûУûлءҽ£ȳ԰ɡ
С١ţҲûлɣǣǹ˻ѽǵĲģ㿪ˣȻʲôˡ
ºҶݸС١һͷ˵ҲŪûãԣǳġ
ЩģҲԳԣزȻüȻȹһҲ֪ǳģҶһտˮϣز˸ˮȺõӡ
С١Ц䣺ЩܺóѽҲܺء
ʵСһ㣬ҲǿԵģǽ㻹ǲ֣С١ֻˡ
ųԷʱʱƳſڵĽ㣬С١ﲻ̾һ˵㻹˵ܹ˻أⲻǵûô
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ҪʣС١룬ǲˣҪȻѹˡ

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ĵѾ΢΢УɨΧСĵĿ˿һȷ¿ߣҶСĵĴӲضĵط
ܣ㲻ôˡΧȻûɥʬˣǰȫģҶѹ˵
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ҰѶҶֵ˸ɱˣҲܸıҶ汻ҧĽ֡
Ȼ̫ˡ
ҶĴͷʵͲ»ᱻҧ𣿡
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δı棬ҲʶôԸ֪ҧˣôһеĴ
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չܾҸȫĵطϢܿͺˣʱ򣬾ҶûбҧҲһ
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ҶԳЦЦȫĵط
ϣʲôطǰȫ
˵ˣǲȫǸɡ
Ӧüɥʬҧץ˵˵³ʲôİɣҶˣڷɿʧͷҲֳΣܸоԼڷա
ҷˣ㶪ңԼ߰ɡһᣬƾԼվˡ
ĻҶ˼վߣ϶ɥʬ̬ˡ
δţȻܸоڷգԲᶪġ
ƺо˹ܵļᶨҶڻǰ϶ʳһ䣺ܣ㣬˭ΪʲôΪʲôҪңôã
䣬ҶԴһᣬιȥˡ
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208 ħ

ҶǱҵʹӻġ
˻û۾Ϊʹѡ
ۡ
ȿȡȡ
ۡ
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״ɵЦЦȥģӽҾ
ҶҪЦʹݺݵĺ߳ңȿȡۡ
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ܣᣬҲɱġ
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䣬ͳܿȥ

Ҷ͵ſڴڴڵĺţͷð˶ĺ飬ɫףǾͻҡ
ģġ
ð죬Ҷ淢ֻΣ΢
ĳǰͷʵģĩܵ飬ܴιȥûѹҲûбɥʬ
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Ҫ˯£ǸҪ´žԵڵء
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ˣ
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īսʯӣʶķŵţĿڵʹƺڣѾ˲١
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棬ȥˣΪʲôˣ
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ī̾һȴճŭüͷħ˰ɣ


209 е㵹ù

īĶССҲѡ
¹һεı۾ĵϱˣ벻ôӺĸţӵжһϱȴôˮ
ˮɣ
Ǽ˯ɣԼûϱ롣
˵ɩʲôʱĸҲ˵һѵȥŵʱַ˵ˣɩӵʱԼԺ
ǸҲ̫ĴˣЩƫɩǵһģҲɩӻ·
Сºҵ˼ӣܿ˯ȥֻʣ¸īŷ
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Ҷüģ״Щ۵ĵôҶˣ㻹ҪҲɣ


210 һǮ뻨

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ȥ򷹣
ȻѯʵĻС١֪ҪǲȥҹܣҶһġ
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С١ѴãǰǵĿ˿Ҷ棬ĿڣҶͺ񿴴˼С١û£ȥ򷹰ɣ·СһЩ
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緹ĵ㣬С١ŷ裬ȥʳõ˴СţҽԺʳȥ
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Ҷ˵죬һ£ô˵С١Ҳôãһѣ¹Ҳ˶٣Ǿ΢˵
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ԽԽ࣬ԭϾǮƱţҶܼסºҲһֱûлá
ȥ緹ʱ˵ԼǮҶŲأǮƱģοҪСƨʡƱǮ
ô࣬Һͽһ˰ɣС١һһ߰ѵõǮƱĿڴ
ڹܣȻûлС١Ȼˡ


211 

Ҷ죬ڲŹȥ
ڼ䣬ܻһˣҹʱ
С١һҪ˵ȴֹܴˡ
ȥϴּ任·󣬵ûסҶķһۣѯʣô
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ˡ˵ʲô룬ˡ
ǮƱ⼸չ˺Ժ治ʡ
С١ûнӹܵݹǮƱһҡͷãС
ж١ëֵģҶʲô
ˡС١廹ðɣ½㲻ˡ
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⻰ڹһ˼ˡ֮ǰûзϴʱ򣬺δôģʳһԵģ񡭡
У֪ˡɫЩѿҲû˵ʲôԼ򵥵ϴƷҪ뿪
С١״棺ҪԶţ
ܱӰһ£ͷţе顣
Һͽңǲûʱˣ
ң͵ػȲѡ
šС١ͷҺõĲˣ˵ǲһֱס㲻㡣
˵ˣ˵˹ȥġ
ԽӲЩ㣿
ΪԼҵ˰ɣ
δķţܶϣҶܴ߳ߣվ
Ӻ󣬹ܰƿһС١ĽС١ҶȥﶼСӣԺʲôȥأ
֪ˣҪǸϵûǹȥҪǻزչŵܶһ£ּ˵ô˵ҲǸӺʲôġ
֣Ϊʲô˻ЩоôŤأĪʲôԲ飿
ڹ뿪С١ղſֺܵˣɴء
ҪҪ߽㣿
뷨ðС١һǽϵĹӣˣ˵ɣ岻˯û˯á
ʵҶ˯Ĳ̤ʵܻʱҲˣֻûгȥϸС˵Ҷ۵׻һĨ֮ɫ
ֳģǼֲ˼Ҳ֪Ҫô͹ദС׹˵ˣ;С١ܼҡ
СķҶ·һ֣ǸŵլӣӣҳϴּһӦȫȥŶӡ
ҶС١ȥһȻҶ֮ǰСԺĿʣȴҲ㲻ˣһҪǮأˮ㣬ö١
լһ㶼˼һ⣬һ̯ȽϽʡС뵽Ҷϰߣǰһլ
Ҷ濴ӺС׿ˣҶҲûطȥӣҶסһ䣬ҺС١סһ䡣
Ҷ沢ûоܾȫԼһԺӣԼӡ
Ǯ𣿡
С١һţҶûоܾﻶϲҪһסˡ
С׵ͷլһǮйʣǮǹġ
С˵ʣҶԼҪȥϰˣҲ֪ôʱļ٣мǮĹʡ
ҶС١û̫ණڹܼȻСҲʰˣȻղײյС١Ȱȥˡ
㣬أ㲻һס𣿡С١һæʡ
ȹȥѶȥһеʱ䣬ٹȥҶһС١Դʰõ·ݸСףС١ȥʱһȥ
ϻˣҲż򵥵ļҾߣɱЩҪ׼ѽ
ԭСԺ˯ıѾûˣҪǺС١һȥסҪôӿռóµı
Ҫȹ˻
һ仰С١תתûʳ
С١Ҳ֪Ͼ鷳һʱ䣬뿪ôҲõ𣬵лʲôģǹԹԵͷ
Ҷ·ûĶС١ǳ˻ϴ·ǰӵʳˡ
ʳҶ涼ˣϾӡУ͵СӾûвʳģοʱʳּ٣Щ˵ӦǺܺóԵζǣȻʣһ롣
ƺҶľȣС١˼ЦЦԼһ˲ôԵġͽһԺȴůﻹҪЩ
ȻҶ˵죬ĵʱŴʱ䣬С١ʡһûûʱ򣬿ϡ
ҶգҲû˵ʲô


212 ƴ

ֶˣ
С׿ŵܵ˷ܵʰɨѾʰˣܾܵȻܴɨһЩҳСײЩΣ棬ǵ̫ܵëˡ
ûʲôˡС١ɿ̧ͷһ䣬Ȼ˳ɨݣ㰮ɾҪɨòС
㲻𣿡
۰
ܵС˵ʲôתһ룬ˣҲʰɨܵˣһҲͦõġ
С١㿴ңһشԺȥ
á
ԺǷӻС׺С١ֵģС·Ӻ󣬵ͺúôɨˣȻ죬ÿϳû߶ʱĵ߰һЩʲʳ
ȱ첲ȵȻǲðģǳҲҪﶼУֻҪѱ·Ϳԡ
ȻСױҪѹӣӶùģҶ˵Ҫ˵Ѿˣ͵ֵõȱ˶˿͹ƽԱ޹裬дСڲһĿӾôڴԺļˡ
Сףûϰడ
ȥ·°СΣһС
С״µĻɫ๤װҶ֮ǰģϰʱ򲻴ǽϢϰŴϵġ
ûϰࡣ
˺˼䣬Сξͺ
˵Ҷ˺óһʱļˣû°ɣ
ᵥλ綼֪ҶŻûˣҲͲˡС֪Сֵ˺Ҷߵýûס
Сβ֪Ҷ˶ļ٣⵽Ҷʮûȥλˡ
Ҷû£鴦Ĳˣȥϰˡ
ϰࣿ
ûˡ
С׺󣬿СףЩ˼ЦСףҲҶ찡ҾЩģҶôõˣϴμһ˲ء
ССεĻЦЦû˵
Ҳ֪СΪʲô棬аûС١ҶûȥλСεǲ챻ˣųʱû¶ġ
ܿ죬˻صԺСμǰͷǰһС׵ıӰﲻЩĽ
Сϴһ͹װ࣬ӿɺʵˣϸϸܵģůͣСβʶ֪õӣһҶйϵŪġ
ûûʵģҶ¶С׺С١ãҲãҶµۡ
С١ڶǱ߿ĵĴɨҶڼԺȹܻ
֪ܲˡ
ܻʱ򣬼Ҷ滹ڣһ㶣ϲŬװȻЦ˵棬һˣʲô
Ҷҡͷûпڣܾ˵ˡ
֪ҪС١ȥסѰѲɣǴС١˾Ͳˣ
֪ѲЦ˵Ļ
ûУȻǲġ
Ǿˣʲôкüûķ˰ɣҽóԵġЦºͣϵϢô͡
ҶûپܾҲϴֽȥ
˲ٵ߲⣬һϲ
˰ɣ
Щ߲⣬ͺסÿŪ࣬㹻˳һˣ֮ǰģ¶û⡣
ԡԲ𣡡
ϣҶŹܿڡ
ͣٹװףղһʼʶĽûˡ
ۣҡһͷӺŵʵҺ𣿡
ҶͷֹǺ񣬼ֱһģӿӡģ˿ڶһҲΪȵΪܾǹܡ
áЦЦһƿƴ򿪡
ҶȲ֪ܵ˼΢˼һ¾׹ˡ
ǵģ
ܰɣ㺰ҹģҲϰߡ
Ҷһ£ûоֵܾó˭֮ǰˡ
ʵԣһĽġĩܻĩɣ
Ҷļǵã˵ˣƴɣˣһĩߣһܹµɣ
ԼϺȣƹܻһЩ
ֻоĩǾ˲֪治ףûκ˻ȥĽĩŬˡЩҶ治͹˵
ԣҡҶ˵һ룬ͻȻͣסˣ˹һִۣ
ܼҶ״ڻʲôĲ˼֣һʵôϵȻȹ㣬Ӧǡ
Ҷǳ˳ûЦû취ϵ
һ뵽Ҷ֮ǰĴҲˡ


213 

Ҷ汾ȥҹܵ·ϴԽģ˵û취ϵΪͬһ磬ϵϡ
ڹΪ֮ǰӢĴͲףΪҶ϶ϵѪҪһСֽ
Ϊ˲ᱩ¶ûҪΣգȻǼٺϵġ
ԼǾȹˣҲû취õϵͻȻͻع
Ҷ˵˺Լ񣬹ܲɻĪǣԼиĵܻܵ߸磿
ܣӡУǼжӣˡ
ĺ𣿡ûסʵ
Ҷ涨ĿŹܣüӺŵͷ˵ܣҷֵó
֮⣬Ҳٰϴġ
Ǹأֻйܡ⻰Ҷ˵ġ
Ҷ˼ǳһǳǳĻȣҲ֪Լ鲢ģǾ͸ɴ಻Цˣʵ𣿡
⻰ʳܾͺˡƺ룬֪ҶһҪҵģȻǻϵʱôô
Ҷһ£ҡͷԼˡ
ôңͲͬһ磬ôҲҵġ
û뵽Ҷô˵Ծһ£۵׷ɿĻʲôܿʧˡ
ܼľǺƣǺܸߣҶô͹һûһţ˺ȵһƿơ
֪ʲôʱҶϷŵĺΣɫĿŶĹܣͷЦš
룬еǺӺӰѹͷ
һ£һһԼ棬ˡ
ûѽҶЦǺǵ˵ţ°͵ȴ˻Σ˲Եϡ
ĭȴһѰѱʣµľһҷطϢ
ûѽҶͷǺЦظ˵յĺѾӵ˲ϣ䶼⡣
ˣԴҲסػΣһҪԵϣһ˯ѡ
˶˵ԼûһҶ֪˿û취ֻ˳Ļ
ãûˡܴӦţְҶȥ
ķҪȵƣҶҪȵʱ򣬹ԥһ£ƶҲߣҲˣû뵽ƶ
ȾƵҶ˳ȻûǹԹԵùܴ˷䡣
ԺɲܺȾơһӸҶϣһ߶
ʲôҶգ۾ѣʵκŹܡ
˵ԺҪȾˡ
˵꣬ҶЦЦţ̾һĪҲˣ֪ǲס˵Щ
Ӧ뿪ģɿҶã۾ԼºһôҲŲ뿪
档ܿҶ棬ͻȻ͵͵ĺһ
ϲ㣬ϲ㡣
˵꣬Щڵƫͷƿߣ񲻸ҿҶ۾ƫͷƿߵĵͷҶһ
ԼֹתͷҶ棬˵֪ϴˣϲ㡣
ֻǣ䣬Ҷʹ˸ĹǷ۾գգ͵ģһһСû۾ͳױˣﻹţûкء
Ҷ۾󣬹ܾû˵ˣֻ񾲵˯ݣһ±һ¿졣
Ӻ󣬹͵ٴοҶһۣ첽뿪˷䡣
Ų᲻صĹϣҶڹӲ۾
ôҶľܺãСʱôһʱĸϲоƣǰģһ͵͵ĺ󣬴Ժʾǧˡ
ֻҪϼ̳ƶģοǺľơ
ΪʲôװҶƺ˹Ҫ˵ʲô֪ˡܻ˵ˡ
ȻǶ˵ģôǲŻᱻ֪ͻӦ뷨Ҷ濴һ۹ϵķţ̾һˡȻǲ֪˵ʲôġ
ۿɳϵıǽ廹ûʰǰǸոճݺõһŨ裬豭ĲҶڴתȻףͬĳԨһ㡣
ղŷҶȻ˵Ĳ࣬ɴֹУûҶôͿء
Ȼ˵δҪȥȣͬΪȹҶˣ֣ͬ˵ʼĽǼٵġ
㻹õҶʼأ
Ҷ˵ģܻܿĽǲͬģԼʲôĽģǹȻڲ֪ںδҶģԼҲ


214 йϵ


ۣܶĿҶķţð͵ȴȥʰϵꡣ
ղŻæӷǹܺԼ˻ҶʲôֻһǣܶԸ֮Σ
֪ҶĲʡµʱѵˮһ£Ҳ֪
ɹ֪ôˣΪ˲ɴ뿪ζķ䡣
ڶ죬ܸҶ˺緹ȥϰġ
ʱҶѾˣǳĶܶҪΪԼˡ
輸Ҷֻ򵥵˵˼䣬ùﲻǣҵԿˡ
Աһոµҽҩ䣬泣ģҩһٴοһпʱϵ֡
ܣҽ֪˿ڲˮɣȻ˿ڻûõô죬ԼעˣҽҩŪģˣչ˺Լ
ҽҩ䣬ֶůᡣ
ԭע⵽ҵ˿ڡ
ңҲûиоģԲԣ
ͼߣҶűֽڿء
ڸĻʳóԵ緹һ类ιݳˣҶһ˾ĵĿֽ
Կ汨ֽͷҳֽ˵Ĵϵ飬ڼܶ
ҳǿӢ¼ʲôڷŮΪΪ⣬ĸʡеģε˽εΪ
ҳһǽΪشźʱ£һЩɱŮͬ־ҰⱻֺһҲһҳ
ǣҶں濴˺һš
ҳĸطĳĳĳץȻʲôʲôǹʲôʲô졭
ҳͺͿʼһһǰͷûйϵ
Ĺ
ţ
ҶЩ֣һ꣬Ǿʱڣ˳ԱůˣǶʱĹӦôǮйĹھˡ
ɳĮ
Ҷ氵ҡͷʱڣҪ׼ɳĮûʲôõװֱ
Ҷתһ룬ƾΧҲ뵽ɳĮȥأ
걨ֽҶͷһȥҲѱֽϵݶ׵ԺȥˣѹͲ֪滹Ҫ顣
ʱҶõɢĶ֮һˣ׼תһȦš
Ƴ˰ҶЦ׼ȥء
ãȥ׼ϡ
Ҷ칫ҵʱ翴ıӰһЩ˵ĸ֮ɫ
һʮܿȥһҶڵļ٣ȻǮ٣һġ
Ҷ΢Ծһ£뵽ʼϰʱҲûϼһµȫڹʣƺҲͲˡ
˰
ǰ죬ѩʼˣСϰ࣬ҶҲϰֻ࣬ʣС١ԼڼңҲܣڼţҪôժˣҪôܲҪôɨڿֹɣҶ涼Щ˼ˡ
Ҷһ廨ĺϺ
С׻ûл
С١ҡͷûУҪߵ°ء
⡭
ϢͺáС١ܸɴĽӹҶĶ
ⶼҶӿռóģúϺţ룬һֱԣҲýͣżԺϺҲûʲôãοϺҲСš
С١ڳϴæҶñ±̲ڳſڿš
ڹܳϰҲ뿪Ժϰȥˣ°ֱߣƧ˴Ųڵ߲ãԼӿռ﷭Ӻͱһãլߡ
ףһףС١Сһס
Ҷ汾ǴҲһһţתһ룬ⱻոµģȻ˯˵ľɫ޲һ¸ףǺʵ޻̥ĵıӣҲ̫һЩ
Ҫ֪޻ɲŪйϵһŪףҲײǡ
ס˼ҶС١С˵Ծ⣬˴ӣҲȡ
𴲵ʱ緹Ѿˣ緹ڵλԣ°С١ҲͰѷã͵С׻ͿԿʼղ˳Է
ǰԵС״ӴԺù֮ǰ߲ˣ˵죬Ҷ˽ԼȥתһȦʱٻʱһһЩʳ߲
࣬ҲһʮȴҲ˳԰ˡ
ңҶҲǾһΣģĴ׻Ľ߲ˣҪôŹǻ߼ʲôġ
С׺С١ҲйȰҶ治Ҫô뷨ûҪٶٴװͷĳţҶ治Ǹһ°ʱŶһˣСҲͲ˵ˡ


215 

С١һҶ˵ʲôʲôϺҶһڹܼסһʱ䣬Ҳ˽ƢԺϰߣȻ̫ᡣ
С١ˣ죬ȥѧУϿΰɣ
ȻѯʵĻҶôġ
С١׼ﵹͣһ⻰һ£תͷſڡ
㣬ôͻȻҪȥѧ
ͲǶѧϰʱȥѧУӦõġҶһ£˵Щ˵ĲϲҲ÷ϣֲϲѧ֪ʶģԺҲ㡣
Ҷ汾ͲʲôȰ˵ˣǰС١ϣŲ
ǡС١ЩԸ˿Ͱ۾һתҪȥѧУˣû취ղˡ

Ҷ￴С١˼Ƶѧϰղ˶ģӲ
ȻҶ治ЦˣʱС°СײڣǾС١ԹӣԺˡ
Ҷһ뵽ƱʱѧУСӻᱻҳлŶռλѧУʦҲûֹģЩȻ
µҵһԸǳԱůģԲҲû벻ǡ
㵽ʱѧǷһЩ¡
С١ɵۣ˵ʲôأҶѾ뿪ȥˡ
ѧ
С١۵㽡Ҳпܡ
С׻ʱѾߵˣһͷܲ
Էʱ򣬼С١ЩĲɣƺ飬С׿˿Ҷ棬ɫȻûע⵽С١ĲԾһС׻Ǹоһ˿ĲԾ룬Ѳɵܷܵʲôˣ
ĩû£ƱԺСȥվϸˣʳһЩҴС١ȥٻ¥ȥ
С׻࣬⻰Ҳûʣͷá
㣬ȥٻ¥ʲôС١ľᣬʵ
˵ûȥƽǵİٻ¥أǰȥѡ
Ҷ棺Ͽõľߣϰͱʲôġ
ȿȡСױں⻰һʱǺ
һС١һ㶣ȻһƾģСﲻ֪֮ǰܵܵĲԾô¡
Լ°֮ǰҶͺС١˵ˡ
ŵܵҪ˵ʲôȴֲ˵ģСһ֣ȻҪҶܰѵܵѹʵʵġ
С١һı飬ﲻ֪ʲôӣ˸
ȿȣҶ㣬Ҿá
С׵Ļû˵꣬С١֪Ҫ˵ʲôһæϣͷɰĿҶ棬㣬ȥɣ
ˣ
ҶСͬľܾ
С١ɵۣô͸ôĬˡ
СЦЦû˵һȥվ͹ˣܸܵҶ㣬˵õܵ»ѧУȥء
ѾԵĲҶ꣬һſڣ򼸽ϸˣСԼԸöʵʵľ׼ȥѧУϿΡ
𣿡С١Цʵ
Ҷ濴һСףϸͿˣûҪ򡣡
С룬˵Ҷ㣬ҺС١ĴһҲвأĻ˷ˡ
˲Բ˷ѣƱʱҪʲô㡣ȥӪԷʲôģٲҪƱģټӰ˵ģҲûá
һ鿪ԴװϸС١С˳ԴҶҲһ㣬Ȼġ
լҲûЩﶼð·
СһֵͷĴ׷Ҳ˵ˣ֪Ҷ㲻ϲ͸˵ˡ
ϴԹһΣǡС̧ͷһҶ棬ǻᣬɤأǱɤӡС׾Ρ
˵ԴʶҶ͵ܵܳʳ˷츲صı仯
һʼʱʱĳϸ⣬ڣٶٶϸ
ǰõͷ߳ҪȻС١Ľӻ⽣ⶼϸϸϸ
緹ԣȻһ߶һͷóԾͱѵĲͷߴͷõĶˡ
ҾͲ˵ˣĲһ⣬ʱҲ⡣
ڣѾ⣬ţ⣬ϺзһЩһ궼εĻȡ
ñ˵СԼܸܵõԼƺʵһЩҲ˲٣ڸɻҲûô׶ˡ
⻹㣬Ҷ滹һЩǰûԹʳ
С١Ҫһţ̣Ǻ龫ӻǼıɺɣڴԡ


216

ǰҶ滹޵ˮͷھͿһޣҶ治С׺С١ûҪԡ
ʵƻӡϡ
ȻҶһ𣬿СײɵҶǼھͣµѹͲҪһǴϺüΪֵԵʡ
С״ûԼ͵ܻܵӡ
ܵ˵ûҶ˲һ
֮ǰϺ龫ʱҶҲǿС١һţ̣ѡһǱҪѡĿСָж
Ҷһ仰Сỹǵú
ҲûС١٣ԵõģҲܳԣڣʡš
ʵЩҶ˵Ĳʲôռʳ㹻С١ֵ˳Եˡ
οںЩÿͥ輸ڵ죬ûʲôϡġ
ҶҲֵѡ
Ҷ濴֮ǰСϺҲãںͬ˴ҲãûԼЩٶǰѰѱ͵Ҷ
ˣҶҪС׷ģϾԼ½ȻϤҪǺ½Ȼ˵һ䣬С׿϶ǱСǹе³
Ҳ֪иʳ¹Ӧʲô㿴ЩʵģʳûҪţˣţҲ»ˡ
С׵ͷ
ҺиƱţ㣬㵽ʱҶ˵ͻȻЩס
СЩ֣Ҳʣ˿ܵܣʵҶôˣ
С١Ըҡͷʾû¡
֪뵽˻ˣͽסڹ˻ʱ򣬹˻ŵƱţڽ˲Ϊ˵Ʊ뵽˻ˡ
С١µûҶȷˣߵʱ˰ѵƱˣȻ˵׼˲ٵĳʳɡ
ˣҶ񣬼С١ѾԺˣΪתע㿪ڣȵ
Ҷ滰С١ԹԵĺ˰
תһ硣
ҶԹСõ⽣Ȼһš
С׻شԺĽֵȥƱҶǴС١Ҷ·Ľֵ´Ʊ
ѩŸջû죬ϻвдѩһЩ
ҶףִڿڴС١һҲģѧģѧģǹɿɰģҶ濴̲סЦ
С
תֿڣҶ׼С١·ʱͻȻ˳ֵɺ濴ȥûע⵽С١ɫЩá
㡣
С١ȻߣƺЩ˾ռߣӦ˵ΣѾ֪ʲôˣæҶ˼·ԶһЩ
ǣҶֻΧӵмһߣһºʲô̫ԶһҲôˡ
ν֡
ν֣ģʲô֡
С١Ҷɻֻõͣ㣬ûм˴Ŵñ𣿡
ҶϸһǣǴñŤŤģ滹д֣ҴŴñǰһӣǰߡ
Ҷʱ׹ʲôˣȵĵͷС١ν֣
С١ͷ
ģҶǰС١ΧΧϣԼҲůͣȺҶܿǱӵνֵϴĲ࣬˵ֻһ¼һ£Щϡ
ⷸʲôҪ˶Դ
Ҷ治⣬ǣܿ죬ȺԽԽʱС١˲١
㣬ǲҪȥԶһ㡣
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ղſǿˣΪѺνֵŮľȻŮͬ־Χȵ˵ģŵˣϵľֺµı顣
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217 

ܿ죬ȺԽԽʱС١˲١
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á
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ҶҡͷҲͱֽ˽⻹ǵһμ
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߰ɡҶС١ԹԵĸϡ
һ·ϣС١һԣҶֻŵˣһԴһ£Ҳû˵ʲô
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ҶɵĿ˿ЩԸԼҳҲҪԵСӣٿС١ϰȤҲûУɻϲ
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С١عæ㡣


218 Ҳ

أҡҶתͷһС١СȻֻͷۻԱͬ־
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͵һʮ飬һʮǮ㣬ҶһͳʮëǮȻŵƱҲͳȥˡ
⼸ǧͺ춹ҪƱǲոƱƱĸ߼۵ġ
Ǯ͸ƱڻǱ߰ѺĵõͻʱۻԱͿʼװˡ
͵һһĵСװģٸϸӣװú󣬵ŵһֽĸ㣬һĻģøװãϵ˿Ȼһװһֽ
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ȹ˵ˣ̵ģⶫѼ⣬̲ģζܺ𣬲Ϲ̣ɣ
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С١һ㶣ȻӦæ㣬Һ͸Ҳᡣ
켸У·Ͳˣ綼Уο
͸·֮ǰĸģĸײˣС·紩Ȩ岻Ҫľ·ĵģҲôˡ
ҶС׻Ļ򼸿鲼ȥСԼ·ҲǿԵģһС١˼вֻͨա
ͷļҵĹϱһЩ߻ڹ̨ǰѡϵ˺ۻԱһҶС١ĶԻͶȥ˾ȵĿ⡣


219 һһ׼

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ҶеľߺУ룬ҲͦãС١Ͱúüأ˵ˣŪãľߺлܵؾһ۸ء
Դģһһ׼
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220 ̫

Ƿµľÿԭͣɫġ
ᣬһиʲôǺ;õĳһǿ˶ĽĶ
ǵҲãϴ·ҲãЬҲУˮҲգֻҪһľõģ˿񶼲һӵеҲ
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㣬ϲѽС١ȻϲֻҪ˫ˡ
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221 Ҫʡ

Ҫ˵԰׷ŵϸһųԣС١С׶
һֱҶĿζġ
ܿʹ˶
ԼճģҶҲͲͳ飬Ҫʲô׼ʳģСС١˵һͿˡ
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Ҷѹ֪С١һЩ˲ԼͬĴʡŵԣͷûǮá
Ҷ˯ѺѾˡ
˵ˮ˰СʱĵԼȥˡ
С١ڼϰд֣Ҷ氲ŵģҲû취ϡ
һСʱҶʱһֻһֻѼǴġ
С׽Ҳûϰ࣬վ͸ʳĲˣȻûгţһҶѶݹĽӹһȡ
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ʲôУԸѼĲˣûҪ󡣡Ȼڰٻ¥˵ԣȻ˵ġ
ѼСϻ⣬֪ʱˣˮǿѼҪô


222 ҵȻ

ôһ
ȷܳԣ
翴С١ҲæҡͷҲ
ǻᣬһˡʲôѵġ
ҶĻ䣬С׾̲סǳ˳飬ܻܵޱȵĵͷնҪų鴤ˡ
һвУ
һ仰СС١˵ģҪС١ȰҶ治Ҫ嶯
ѲС١ˣҶ¹һγܰ
ֽڽִżԶû취ԡ
Сײ֪һҶѰŽˮ٣һֱˮּˮȻ͡
ҶͻȻ˵ѼʱˣνҶӣҪӣҪȥҽԺҵΰɣ
ҶûСϵı飬ҲԼϴεĳɹЩΣյôʲô飬˵һᣬû˵
С١ܿᵽҶ˼ֵ˵˵ø綯𣿡
ϻҶ淭˸ۣڳϣô˵Ҳе֪֮ĺòá
СҲ֪Լˣһ㬵ЦЦȻҶķԸѼȥȥˡ
õѼŽˮݰСʱȥȺζ
ʹƬѼݵĲϴˮϴɾˮá
ҶվڳſڣԼʳƪת˳
ȹͣҪ˼ѼⷭˮɣȻнƬ㡣˵Ҷʵ±ϰ˽Щϰɣ
С׵ͷҲ˵±ţС׻صȥϻš
ǾͰѡϼӽȥȻѿֵȥȣô𡭡
𣿿˾͸ϸնʮӦòͺˡټӺۺһζͳ׺
С׶ҶĲָӣﻹûе׵ģֱζƮеס
ƿС١˿ģڰٻ¥ۻԱôֵģ˸Ƥ˿ƿ
ΪøƿͲˣ֪ҶƿС١Ȼ̫ˣҲԹհˡ
˵ҪƵҶ棬˭趼ܼ򵥣ƺҲѣֵԼ֣͸ֲָˣ÷ŵϷˣ÷ŵҪôˣҪôŶˣҲղסҵģǵ󡭡
뵽ԼÿβЭֵĽҶ治Щơ
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С׼ۺ󣬻ͷÿҶϵı飬뵽ʲôæʵ
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С׺С١ķҶƲ죬˵ԼԼ
һֻѼ࣬ĿѼװһ룬ðġ
˳һֻѼȻǲٵģСֻ˸ܲ˿ǶϺ
ѼζˣɫÿҶˣȻģС׵һѼҲôãһ֤û츳
С١ҶһѼϱЩԣɵ㣬ôˣ
ó𣿡СҲæʵ
óԾͱˣѼ⣬ȥϴһϴһɡ
˵ţС׾ҪѼ⡣
ȵȣû˵óԡҶæסͦóԵİ
ζ֪ûŪοˣ᲻óԡ
óԣСϵĻɰҲڡʵ˵ǣܳ
С١Ѿ˿ӣһ飬ҧ
漴С١۾𣺡ܺóѽ
㣬㲻ղˣǻ԰һӣһζء
С׼״뻳ɰԥ£ĵС١ӦòϹ˵ǡ
Ҷûа㲻˼ݽС١ĳݣҵȻˡ
СҲ˿ѼԵʱζ׹
ͦóԵİѼûгԹζģֲˣһϺü鲻ͣ¡
óǺóԣһҪƿ֣ҪëǮһֻѼļǮҲǻ˲ˡ
ôˣҪȻҶˡ
ҶСװӲϴɾЩ֣Ҫ￴飿
ôʣΪղڳԷʱһ죬С׹С١ȥѧУš
ǣſУ⽣緹ҪˣҲ̫ѹ򡣡
ҶһȻһ㣬죬С١͵ȥѧУˣҲ㡣
ѧУаСʱ·أϢһСʱҪС١Է·ؾһСʱﻹʱϢȻǴĺˡ
ֳɵڣȻûģӣţӣ⽣Ҷﲻæ־һŸɿЩãֻܻطС˵ȥ


223 ϲ

ڶһ硣
Թ緹С׾ʹС١ȥˡ
ʱ˵ıʵϻڱ֤ѧУȥǼǱȻëǮѧӷѣϿαͿˡ
Ǳֵ֤´ȥʳߡ
С١ʮ꣬еͣ˸УһµʳʮһµĸɲҪһڳϰͨŮҪ
û취֪ʶбҵǻ乤ģȻĲͬˡ
ҶûȥԼڼ˵֦ƽһӰ룬ʰ׵ˡ
Դ½ȻԺܼҲпû½Ȼˡ
ѣҶбҪȥ½Ȼ
ֻųûãİϤˡ
Ⱥӽֽǳ֣Ҷ氵Ʋ졣
Σ
ΣѵҪҪչˣ
˵ҪأŬƴ
Ŷţɻ¸³ɶ
ҶҪܿЩֵȺУίԺȥģǺɲɣЩнķúҪȥĵطͬһֵ
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Ҷգ˿ƫͷһȣ½Ȼ
˵Ҫȥأ֪ڽ
棬ôˣվš½Ȼ˵˳Ҷղŵ߿һǼȺʵǿ֣
½ȻɲΪҶȤ˲ûء
Ȼǣҿɲϲ֡
ұȥģÿһоеడ
ţ½Ȼ⡣
Ҳһ
½Ȼʱ˼ɨһƶȺеࡣ
Ҷԣ˼½Ȼ˼ࣿ
˵䣬ȺתһֵҶ½ȻҲͿ˱ʲôˡ
ñӴ֪ʲôǲϹһ˫Ьʲô˼
ȿȡ½ȻЩεҶ滹ǺĿǱߣǵͣǻûжףɻ˹ֵĹϵˣ͡
ЬǸЬ˼һŮͬ־˵ΣοǺϲˣ½Ȼ˵ĺί񣬵ͦ˼ġ
ãҶʲôʱЦʡ֪˱Ц
Ҷ׹ˣԭôһ£ѹȺŮͬ־ɸֵķߺޣͬ־ֵĺܡ
鲻˵𣿡ҶղſûǱЬֻŮͬ־
Ҫ˵Ůͬ־һɶɲΪʱ˻Ůͬ־˯һʲôԾġ
½Ȼа¶ҪôеĲˣֻŮͬ־һҪ˻סû֪һ˭
飬½Ȼֲ֣һ겻ôδŮͬ־ƭˣȻֵķзҪҪġ
ҶȻҲ̫ɵˣҪôһŮͬ־һ˳еԺɻôˣʱĭܰˡ
ʲôԼ𣬴鲻ͺˣαҪðôء
˵ŻȴһһΣѺͬ־ͬ־ϺǰͷŮͬ־һһ˫Ь
Ҷǳ˳飺ԡǷֿеģ
½ȻҲЩΣǰɡЩͼǵǰйñץڴһеģΪʲôֿͲ֪ˡ
ǰͷŮͬ־ͬ־״ҪһЩ
ϱ׵Ĳ˵Ҳ֪ʲôΧŵ˵ı飬ʲôŵĶ
Ҷ浽ŮԣȻƫŮԵģղŻŮͬ־̫ɵ˲ֵãῴͬ־Ҳûж鲻ȤĶ࿴˼ۡ
֮ǰ½ȻҶ鲻ã˹ܣҲ˵ڿƺҽԺǻҪһЩ
ղ˵ȥң½ȻЩ̵ġ
Ҳû뵽ȥʡ˼죬һҶ档
ҶͷȻŵݸ½ȻãǸģŰɡ
棬ҲҪ㡭
šҶ½Ȼľܾϡ
ҲûʲôƤ㻨һƻ
ЩҪҶķ֮һĹʣʵȴҶӿռ﷭ģٶϰǧҶ˵ҲûӰ졣
Ҷɼǵã½ȻΪµģǽ𳡣ܺðղ׵ģ㲻ѣҲеʾǡ
Ҷǲܹڴɣܻ½Ȼࡣ
Ȼż½ȻĶڱ˿Ҳߵ˫ǰϵŪģҶ֪Щˣܺ½Ȼϲᡣ


224 

½ȻΣȴǸˣ֪ҶƢԣֻжϤˣŲͷؿס
һˣϲЩԼԲǡ½Ȼֹ˼䡣
Ҷֻ½Ȼֹһʵճ
ԣȥʡ졭½Ȼ˵һ룬ȥˡ
һγʵ鷳٣ɹ٣Ҷ治ô鷳ˡ
½Ȼֻ˵һ룬ת⣬ҶҲʲôЩ飬֪ľͲҪ档
վڷڻͦģ½Ȼ˵ûг緹緹ҲԶˣҶһԷ
С׺С١֪ʲôʱŻҶ룬ûܾ
ȥӪҪʮӣȻżйҶ½Ȼûѡ·
ҲҶϲ·ǹʵһγŶҪγǻţҲú½Ȼĵ顣
ߵ·ӭҶס
ԶԶͿҶ½Ȼˣ˱ıߣǢܲζ
Ҷ濴ԼЩֻû˵
ԴҶ뿪ܼң˾һֱûˣϣҶ滹ΪԼϴ˶κͲ˼µûš
ôɰҽȥѽ½ȻЦŴк
ȥͼݽ˵ϡ⻰ǿҶ˵ġ
Ҷſܵż飬ɨһ£רҵҽġ
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Ϊ˲Ӱ죬ܺڼҴţٴλָǰģ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ʵ
ʵ⼸飬ҽԺҲûУɹܹʹģ뵽ͼȥģǵŷ֣ĩҶûϰࡣ
ôţҶЩڵЦЦôɡ
ͦɵģҪȥ
½ȻЦǺǵҸճ׼УίԺȥⲻ쵽ˣ׼ǰͷӪԸ
֪Ϊʲôܾ½ȻЦݸİۡ
á
Ļû˵꣬ͱ½ȻĴˡ
ҽĩôæȻڷܺѧѹҽôãģΡȻҽҪררҵ֪ʶǾͲʱˣпġ
½Ȼ˵ϣϹҲҶЩΣǺ䣬뿪ˡ
ʮԶ󣬹ܻͷԼ½ȻҶ˵𻰾ݳ顣
ǲųôƽǵĻݳ½Ȼ֪ôӣҪԼҶһȥ
ܵĽŲܿ۵׻һĨ⣬ݳ
Լǰ쿪ᣬԺ˵ôһ죬òƣҽԺҲҪ֯ȥۿš
½ȻûҪһ𣬿ŲܻأҲʲôˣԣǻҶûдܣĴ
棬͹ҽôˣʳڣ½Ȼͺˡ
ҶɫЩԣ½ȻˣȻǱĿԣû
ûʲôҶ浭ЦЦҺ͹ҽѣҲѣ𡣡
ҽ
Ҷ赭дģ½ȻԹܵĳƺ֪ôһˡ
֮ǰҶһֱֵֻܵģǲյĺʲôʱôĺҽˡӣذ
½Ȼһﰵ⣬һ߰ġ
ԽԽã֪⼸죬½ȻʱĵľʱҶ͹ܹϵˣǶ̸Ҫˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôԭ򣬿ĿĽ½ȻҪġ
Ҷ治˵½ȻȻִֵʣЦǺǵתƻ⣬ղŵ棬Ļݳǵλû֯ȥ
ûСҶҡͷ
ǰ˵飬ǰ漸ĳζǲƱģͼݲθԵλûƱԷ뿴õȻƱˣԼƱ
벻ȥߵĳҲϰʱ䡣
ҶûʲôȤȥʲôݣԼڼ￴ӰĺãһҡͷС١Сףʵ½ȻŪƱ
֮ǰڹܼסʱ˵С١ȥӰģֻС١ǻ˿ڻڳõĽ׶Σ˿ٳŶҲãԾûȥ
ܴȥݣС١Ӧûܿĵġ
ȻֻС١СףҪȥһȥ
½ȻЦʣûеģҪȻˡ
ҪƱŪﻹҶǰƣЩš
ҪǺ˵롭ɶǻ᲻ң


225 С

Ȼǵλĸе²ȥʲôԭģƱҪôˣҪô͵͵ˡ
ŪţǮҸ㡣
½Ȼ棺ţ㻹бһ𣿡
ҶЦܡ
״½ȻҲ׷ʣֻɴĴӦ
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ܶ졣
һ緹ʱҶС׺С١Ҵǳȥ档
С׺С١˲⣬˫˫˱˴һֿۣҶ棬С١ʵȥ棿㣬ȥ棿
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С١գ۾ɻһͷЦӯӯܡ
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ɫĿ϶˺ɫĲҶ濴ԽԽŤΪĲúõ¿ӿҲ߰˳ˡ
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Ҷ汾˵С١ѧѼӵĲˣûҪѺúõ·Ūĺ͵ƶһתһ룬һ굽ͷ·˱٣С١һҲͦ۵ģɡ
Сϵ·רϰõģȻǸɻʱĥ˵ģϴĸɾҶҲͲ˵ʲôˣϾС׵ճ·ǸŵĹװɵʽ
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ҶȺѰС١ټأ֮ǰӵĽʦ߹ʵ
˵ģ鵢ˣһ


226 ˼

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ֻǣҶϵЦݺܿͿˡ
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С١ûз͵ػһȭ˼ˤڵأʵҲˤڵˣֳֻס˶ѡ
ͻһĻҶ͵սʶתڵıϵܣֻڿյĸоʶԼѾûˣǳĴ˽ȥ
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С١վһԼˣʵ
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ȥȥ˵ʲôһƸ磬Ľ㣬͵ģҪǲңŲұץ㣡˵ţϱǶݺݵı飬ȴЩȵĿС١
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ҾüѣֲǲǸС
Ҷ棬ͲŲأǸŮˣҪ˵ģŮƤԼôҪǲʶôԼѵ
ʦĽ㵽ʮ˳ͣͳһӣȫҶţҲ³ڰԵǿƵԸ
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ͻǰ˼ˣȻ赣򻵣Ҳ֪ԼҶӵȷԵѶ͵ܹܵѧУѧеܵܿţµĵطҲһЩ
֪͵ӣﻹϲ۸ˣ˶
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Ʋ죺˾ˣˣҾ˾ˣ˵ˣվߡ
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԰
ҶԵͷС١ľߺнͬѧ
㣿С١գһ˫۾ǲ⡣
ͬѧȻϲˣһľߺУٸͺãɲƻͬѧ⡣
⣬ô˼аʦһסعæܾ
֮ǰȥʱҲϳͿľߺе飬ӽ֪ľߺеļ۸͵һﾪɲˣ˵򣬵ʲôҾܵ
ԭΪҶģ֪ȻС١ľߺиԼ¶˿ĵЦһ˾˾ܾϾͲˬˡ


227 ѵܺ

ͣұ죡˵Ų㣿ʦЩѿҿѧѧߵĲˣҲûʦѧУҪȻ顣
ңһʦ⻰ɫˣºðᰡᰡðҴ
㣡ʦѿˣȴ͵͵ĿҶ棬ȻǲҴģҪȻ׼ʰһ٣ȻǰӿıӻҪҪĳ̫̫
ʦ
ҶȥܺӵļҳģıݸԼĽѵܺϷ롣
߷һ֮һģȥˡ
ǸˣʵĵǸɲܡղһȭǳС١ԴصĻӴģһǾô۸ˡ
Ȼ۸ˣҶܲס۸С١Ǿ͵úúˡ
͵ԴҶʣҪС١ľߺУ
԰Ȼ˵ûǮһС١ľߺװʡ
ҶԵͷС١ľߺнͬѧ
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ͬѧȻϲˣһľߺУٸͺãɲƻͬѧ⡣
⣬ô˼аʦһסعæܾ
֮ǰȥʱҲϳͿľߺе飬ӽ֪ľߺеļ۸͵һﾪɲˣ˵򣬵ʲôҾܵ
ԭΪҶģ֪ȻС١ľߺиԼ¶˿ĵЦһ˾˾ܾϾͲˬˡ
˾ˣ˵ʲôأû˶˵˸𡣡
Ҷ治˵ǽڳȴ˲ỹĸҲҪС١µһͲûˣʱþˣٴС١ﻻµĹþͿˡ
˵꣬ͿС١żû˵ľߺи㻹
ڳͿҶһŮ֮ܶʲôãƾǸղԼҪС١ĸ翪źµģ뵽͸ˡ
ʦֹأһҶ涼С١ľߺˣҲûٿڣһľߺпɲˣͷҪҪҲԸͣǾ°ɣҲ͵ġ
С١ᣬҶ淢Ȼ᲻ͬ⣬Ĳᣬ˫ľߺ
ƤľߺװżֻʣǰС١ȥһõģҶǻỹָʮֻԲʡ
һԲʿҪëǮС١õҶԲʵʱԭأֻһֻľߺźá
ǦʺһֻԲʣһƤС١ȡľߺеĶζľߺзöѵ
ҶǲϲģǳͿ۷Ź⣬޲ȥ
ֻҲ֪ľߺоҪˣӵС١͹
С١ղŰ˶ûоίͳľߺеʱȴ᲻õӯˮС죬ĵų֪ͣľߺһָҪˡ
ƾʲôĶΪϲҪóȥǽġ
ҰĥʲôأһŻؼҳԷءͼС١ĵԼðҲľߺеݹǲ˵Ĵš
Ҷɨһ۰ĳͣɨһۺڿϵϵĳʦǻһĨЦ
С١
С١ҶֻţǲʵҧҧһᣬҪľߺеݹȥ֪ҶĻһ¡
Ҷ治ĿڣС١ǵһѧʱϣڷ˵ʲô𣿡
С١ͷƺ˵ʲô
˵ʲôһ졭Ŷϣ˸磬Ҳˣ緹ʱ򣬸˵һ֧ʣʵʲôľߺеģûùȥˡ
˵ʲôţˣ˵ˣʲôˣ˾ţֻһ֧ʣҲҪľߺУ˵ˣװֻͺˣ˵⻰ʱ򣬽㻹ݸʮֻԲʳ˵ⲻװľߺˡ
ǻ绹ǾľߺЩʣʴģɽ˵ˣľߺУ漴˵ѧУҪǱ˴㣬ľߺԴȥһ²оͶļ¡
˵ˣҲԸ۸ˣҲ㱻۸㱻۸˴ȥܱȥҽԺĺá
Ҷ浱Ȼ֪С١Ӳ˽ԹŻô˵ġ
С١еԻҶ֪ʵûУ
С١ͷ
ǾͺãȥɡҶһѽӹС١µʾ⡣
С١Щɣһʹ󲽵ĳȥ
ʵС١Ҳ鷳ľߺжҪˣ㻨˺ܶǮءˣѧˡ


228 ҾŮ

ҶС١ĴһĻóף׼˵ĻʱöԻС١Ҳľߺд粽Ĺ
ֳ˷ܵЦﻹ˵ͶˣģҲ翪ġ
Ļû˵꣬żѵ죬Դ
ֻС١粽ȥǳͺͳʦΪĸľߺУǸ߸ߵľߺУ˵¡
ƤԴɲҶһĨĻȡ
٣ô㡣
ͻզĽлһԳʦعæǰһ־ҪС١ȴС١Ķ˹ȥ
ʱĶǿû˵ģȻ߿һҲﳬֵģҶ˵С١ü궼ٵˣƺúõĻС١ö⡣
ⶫԴϣɲóͺһˡ
С١û֮ǰԥĵʱĵģ򶼴ˣôˣó֪ѵ
ΪľߺлС١ַɳȥС١ŻڳͳŶ㿪ʱ򣬳ûľߺб
ҶɨһߵĳʦһղųʹС١ʱôʦߡ
һ𣬳;һӣһˣôͺӼƽء
ҿûдҼС١ҲֻǸӰȳͻСء
Ҷ浭˵ţС١ǸӰˡʱѧձͶβ룬ȻС١һ࣬ɱС١Ҫꡣ
㡭ʦҶĻҭסۿҶ˵
ǱߣѾһ˾ҲûиԼֻعһҶ׼С١ҪߣҲĳ̧ȭͷҪС١Ҷ档
ҴңˣҴ
Ҷһֱ͵ĶǳвĳʦͲǸ⣬Ȼͺɱˡ
һС١һߣҶһ죬ͰѳĳͰˡ
Ҷ۸ˣûº־ѾԵĽˡ
ͳĿ죬ôһݺݵˤ˸࣬˲˵촽
󣬳ͻŭҶС١أס³£ȴ֣Լ³ڴѪ־Լ۵ŵĿ޺
ۡҵ죬ҵˡ
ʦһǵȥһ߿һ߶Ҷŭ
̫ˣȻȻѧУˣ컯֮£۸һСӣ˼𡣡
ʦΪʦۿԼ۸ҵܵܣ㶼˼ô᲻˼ءҶ˵ţƳһ۳ͺͳʦ˵ҽͰѻˣǰô۸С١ģȥҲ͹ȥˣҾͲһһˡ
һ£Ҷü۱ޱȣ˼⣬˵ǣڿʼҪ۸ͱˡʦӦ˵ôһ仰ɣΨСŮҲܲɣŮӡ
͵Ŀ죬û뿪ʦӰ칫ҳ̽ͷ鿴ߵ߹
ʦһ߰ʹ޵һ߱Ҷˣóܣ˵Ҷһ䶼ȷ£Ȼȥġ
ˡҶǣС١˼״תʦղ͵˼Ҿ߳ĴС鶼ǳ͵ĸһְѿصģ뿪˭Ϳ˭ʲô͸ʲôĺܣһҵǻͦµء
Ȼô˵Ҷа㺦µģ赭д˵˻ҼǵƽǵгסĿţ
ǼԲãˣһˣ׼ԲáҶ¶ε飬ָ˵ǣƮƮûϵԼŰ԰ɣ˵ˣƽʡҲԶдһҲддҲдĵʱҿԶдء
ڵʱͶ͵ÿˣƣʲ鲿ǡ񶼿Լĵģӣһȥ·ϣöƱˡ⻰˵꣬ҶϾĶźʦòĵ˵ͷǴкȻʹС١ˡ
ʦ˺ЩҲ֪ʦĽʲôģڳĸ׵ΪˣȻҲģһҶ⻰ﲻ֪ôһ£㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳûв廰
ȻţһҶС١ҪߣҲԸ⣬Ҫٳȥ֪ҶĻµĳʦһѾ
ȥˣʲôޣֳġʦûס͵ƨϴ˼¡
˵Ůͬ־öԸСڰˣĸСӲܵģֵ÷ôĻ𣬾ȻҪϸߵģдͶߡ


229 ʰ

ʦŭҲţϾҶͲµˣòײŴسǵƽǵʦ⻹ûأ˾ٱˣпܶ˹
ҲǸģ飬ǲôɵģҲ͸ˣôܺﱻѧŵŻء
ǲģΪģⲻ
һҲͰˣŮͬ־һͲһˣ̬ģʹѹȥġ
ʦԽ룬ԽľһԱͬ˼飬
˵úѧϰ㲻Ҫ۸ˣǲֵģԼŪѪ˰ɣ
û뵽˾˾ȻҴԼͿֵĸˣҲʾֵץ˻ȥģĸ׺˴ܵӰӡ
ʦ⧲˼£ʱ۵ͷܿһͽһ̬һ뵽ҶղŵĻǸˣǰһᣬֱ۰ѳѹס־ͳ͵ƨ
ˣҴң˾һʦ֪֪ʦص֪ʲôϰСӡ
ҴңҪ裬̡Ҫʰ㣬ҺˡͲͣŽſ޺ţźţƵ촽ѪЩҡ
ɳʦͷϣôºţˣǱͷ
һŮʦһæȰһʱ䣬У԰Ե
Ѿ뿪ѧУС١ͷҶ棬ǳݣҶƫͷһЦôôҡ

ȻġҶЦЦͻȻָָ󣬵ʵңôŪġ
С١˳ҶĿ⣬æѾµҶ㿪С١ֻʵ
ȻǳŪģҶһҲ⡣
һС١ͷԺʲôֱӺ˵Ҳ㱻۸ˣһڹЩʲô뱻֪Ҫô룬Զһ㣬Ҿʲô֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ĺģС١ﲻ֪ǹģЦҶ֣ҡţ㣬֪ˣ𲻸ˡ
ҶҲ֪С١ǵĸ鷳ҪȻС׵ӣһǺ׵ġ
˻صҵʱСҲˡ
ҶС١һţСЩȣҶȥѧУС١˰
ʵʱС׿С١ɣֳܵܲʲô˰ɣ
û취Ҷ棬С׿˽С١ˣ𿴵ܵ޺ӣҲһһ׼ȻǶСӣ΢һЩľͲˡ
С١￴˼æҡͷҿû¡
Ҷû˵Իҽ°磬˳ȥѧУС١ˣÿ۸
ܱܵ۸ˣСԿС١
ǳ
СҲ֪͵ģ⻰üͷ
Ҷ״ǹ쵼
ǸΣܳȵġ
Ҷ˼Ҳû˵ʲôС١ȥϴ֣ǳԷˡ
ղŻ·ϣС١ӪʮһͷķװȥС١֮ǰ׼õĲˣء
ҶҪС١һ׷ģҲ֪ûдϸ룬һĶһͷˡ
󷹺װһˣһݵļҡ
˵Ǽңʵ滹ˣǧҳݫ顢צ콷
⼦ͼצѾڼζˬڣ΢ĿζҶͷС١ʣ¶Сһɨ⡣
һٷ˶Գˡ
С١סĺˮ΢΢ͷ㣬Һúó԰
ҶҲžջ裬óԵĻٳԾˡ
С١һæҡͷҪˣһξͿˡ
СҲ˵ٳˣٺóҲܾԲǣҶ㹤ʾô࣬ųԺóԵġ
㣬Ҿ˵˵ѣʵһξ͹ˣٳԾˡ
ҶɲС١İûڣҲúóԣСףСףܲ
ǵһʶҶˣﲻ֪ӣҶҪҪ飬ûסġ
С١Щڣ֪Ͳ˵ǻˣ磬ʵô죿
ô֪ô죬ҶҲȰǣ˭㵱è
ңҲǹİ
Ҷ㣬⼦ҳһξˣܳԡ
˵Ҿ㣬ܲҶ治û˵񣬵治óԵҪӣûоͲ˵ˣеǣſռ


230

ǱˣҶ浱Ȼ󷽣ǸС١С׳ԣûʲôеģ˵ԼҲԵš
һҶģﲻ֪ڱС
Сԥһ£ȷʳĵ֪ļǡ
аɣǹһԣ֪ôһó֭õĺãҵϾͺˡ
Ҷռʵвأר˲٣żԣʳĻСĺãԼһ˵ʱЩ˷
Ҷ˵С١С׶ˣ֪Ҷ˼ǣ֪
áС׵ͷ˵Ҷ㣬⼦ҰŪܻóԣڲſ¸£ȥɽֻҰǵʱŪô
С١һһ۾ͷ㣬ҰӦûóԣʱȸҰˣңȻ󡭡
ҲСҶûоܾɾС١С׾ȰЧ˵ʱҶҰǺˣŪɣҲѧѧɣϤϤʡҰûŪã˷ˡ
С١
Сԣճһ£ȻҶûôúƹȥ
Ҷﲻ֪˵˼˵ռʲôûУҪǲóҶ涼ֻҰСˡ
С١ͷܿ뵽ʲôƿƤ磬Ļɵ磬ваɱ˷ˡ
СôС١˼ϵһĵ˵ܣҹŪá
ҶЦЦ²豭û£ŪþŪãŪĺóҳԣŪóԣꡣ
˵꣬Ҳ˵ʲôԸ죬ʰ꣬·Ǹóˡ
㣬ҪȥȻϾ֪Ҫȥ棬ɵڣ֪Ҫȥأⶼˣʲôطġ
ôʾͰˡҶЦС١һЩС
ǽҪĶһ㡣С١µ˵ţԼͷ
Ҳǵ·ʱٻٽǮˡ
ҶˣС١ǣˣȥ·һͳˡ

Ҷ̵ĳżҵʱ򣬳ͼһ󼦷ɹġ
ʦмӡڽƵĳ̣ķĿһҺһĻ
ʱ͵ΧڴȥôĳͲĺţһߺ壬һߴţĳ˳ʦȻҶС١ˣȻСҲûŹ
ʦ֪Լ϶ùҲû뵽һͿߣ˵͸ưУ̫̫ҲӣҪǳʦת㿪˵Ҫ༸Ѫˡ
Ҳ̫̫ͽģϺüط۵ģͷʦ俴˿Լֱб࣬סŭȻǴĸֱܶǲ
ĬʵûˤˤʱͿһµأݰ촽ˡ
ɳʦͳ̫̫һӣӣ۵Ľһ˵˾˴ﻹˡ
չСͣ㲻ûкúչ㻹һ۸㻹ı𣿡
ְŪôҵ𣿡
ǣô۸أ㿴Ѫ

˻ʮ˲СͣҵúûҪ۸ôĿű۸
Сֱֵǲ˰۸ҳ¼ͷˡ
Ҹ㣬Ǽˣҿɲ£дţߣеӣȥ氡ҳӢǳصİŻҡ
㣬˵ˣʦһ˵æϡ
ƽǿɲȱ𴦣˵ˣŮͬ־һͲһˣʦܾãҪǲĵţ׼Ҫµġ
ʵһ·ͳͻʦҶһһټ̬ܾŻŵġ
ô˵ˣʲôвڼҸô˵ҵ滹ô˵ӢݺݵȥȻ۸ҶӣСѧͽҲˣ
㣬ܲܡ
˵ˣ㻹ǲҵܵܰǸ첲հˣҪҰģǣн죿
ҡʦһϻЩͷۣӽ͵ǣСȴˣҪ˶˲һ
СɰǣһҰҺŶ


231 ǲ

Ļû˵꣬ͱˡ
Ҳܣ
ʲôһһһԴֻ۵ģƾʲô۸ǡӢҲ֪ܵ˵С١С١˵Ůͬ־Ҿһ㣬ɳӢŲء
ũ񶼷ˣũǹҵˣһôˣ֮ǰЩǮƵʣһҪ򣨵
缸껹ֻ˶ѣǰ첻ˡҾã˰
УʲôС˶ôԣ飬ٺ˵׾˾ˣô˵Լûİ
ͷ˭ԲԱůⲻ֡
ϵ˶͵һڳԵĲϡ棬ȻһǰҲñʲô͵߿Ͼ˭ҶǶţҪǱ͵ˣҪһˣҲһûסʱ
͵˶ĶûûĽͷ˶Ϳǳ¼ҵıܵôһ˵ӢԸ⣬ֱ˵ûϢСå
ӢľҪȥӳʦ£ɼӶһߣϳҲһֱڿ֣źݺݵ˳ʦһۡ
۸Ҷӣ˵ȥҲûҾͲˣһʰһˣСˡ
һҪԼ⣬ֵĸˣסȣľߵ죬޺ŻϽͣ裬ۣۣ衭۸ң˾Ҳһ۸ҡ裬ҿˡ
һһ䶼͵һڳӢһ߰һŤͷųʦҸ㣬ȥѧУ취С١ƸˣҪϲѧֻԺ󵱵Ʀå
˼Ҳûʲôô
ʦĻû˵꣬Ӣʹˡ
ҲܣʲôɶУ취á
һԵĳ̫̫ʲôûСˣôûˣôСʹˣ˻ɱ˰ôѧУ桭
Ҵ˵СåôѧУⲻҪ۸𣬾Ӧÿˡ
ûӢŵĻŵܵܣҸ㣬㲻ϣԺҲˣҾ͵ûܵܣǻ͵ι˹ˡ
ʦŽͳ̫̫һھҪȥ˾˺˵ģַΣֻţû
С١
ʦȻǲԸģ˵ͿģС١ԼԸ飬ҪȻ˭ܿ
ڣʦϣҶ治ʲôԼһϰݵģԽûˡ
ͼﳳᵱȻˣӢһǿưԵӦ˵һҶǿưԵҲֺģҶĵĴԼһ㷿ţ֡
ڳ͵İԵ¥˭Թ˭ҵС۸ߣһڰڳԵǳ£Ҫȥ˵ܱӢݺݵҧӲôɡ
Ҫǳ֣Ǿ͸ˣӢڣӢͳ̫̫һ֣ҪǳӢڣ̫̫ҲϼСʱ
סĶǼҾְ߳ԳӢһҰԵν֮κγӢб°ӢǳΣǼǸɣ˭ǡ
˵ͱʰˣҾûв˵ģЩ˼һץһѹӣ¯ӣһŹӣһ֡
Ҷ沢֪ͼһ󼦷ɹ֪ˣҲġ
ߵʱҶС١СĻ
㣬
ҶѾĻſڵȵ½ȻˣЦݰ
棬½ȻˣһҶæ֡
С١ѾĴˣǹԹԽˣ½á
Сǵһμ½Ȼܵô룬Ҳ͸źˣ½á
˵֮ǰС١ʱ½ȻûôñŤСҲźʱ;ˡ
СҲͱС١꣬ɱС״˽ʮ꣬ҲӦã½ȻǾ˵ıŤرǺ壬ֺҶʱ
Ѽ䣬Ҷӹ½ȻݹƱŵݸС׺С١ʣһԼţ˲ߡ
Ʊҵλһ£̨ĵƹ⣬ҶͻȻͻȻͷˡ
ܱҶһ˽Ҫ磬ͷҹΣûпҶ棬ڱݿҪʼʱͷÿλ󷽵Ҷ棬ȻҲߵ½Ȼ
Ȼ½Ȼһˡ
ҶߵС١Сףֱӱܸˡ
Σ˭𣿻ǵλ˭ûģ
ݾڹܵλͷĴѰȻǿģϵı飬Ϳʲôˣһţһ˳ĿҲͷȥûһ۾ͿҶ档


232 Դˣ

ǲҶͬ־͡ʵڹҵʱͲµˣỹ¶ȣֻĻû˵ܾ꣬ͻãղǻ˵Ĳһ
ݻ˵أʱѾҪʼΧѾҲ˵ʲô
½ȻȻҲˣû뵽Ҳݳ֪һĳˡ
½ȻƫͷһҶ棬ֻҶ濴ܵʱֻһ£ȻòĸնԹܵ˵ͷͶ̨ϣڴݳһ
Ȼ֪ܺҶ֮ôˣ½ȻڼģȻʣרĵҲ̨ϵı
ݳǸ硶ëŮ赸ԱݵļͶ룬̨¹ۿҲԡ
ò˵ЩԱݵĺܺãҶ濴赸࣬һʼҲûʲôϣǴС١СģҲ档
ëŮǿսʱڵ飬ԵΪǳ˲¹ͷĶħ
˵軧͵ŮϲദƸףͺ࣬踺ȴ⻹屾ҪȻҪǩŮծ
ڱХĺϦҹҼһӭԲծͱƵĺ±ˮɱ˵ϲץʼܲ˵衣
ϲմħѣ㵽ɽĹΪʱˣΪڵȱӪ˴˵еİ׷ɹá
㣬ǣëŮôˡС١ʵ
ʱ̨ѾɢҶռıԭ¡
Ҷ֪ʵҲСʱµʱ򽲹ġ
С١ôʣҶƺСʱԼ
ëŮ󡭡ɽٶˡҶ˵ţС١ԴԣҲҪʳҪȻ᳤ͷġ
ǻôشģҶԼˣӡΪСʱðͷ˲еģܺ棬ǰëŮʲôģģǲǾǲʳ˼̻Ů
С١һæԼԴȻ㣬ҿûʳʳǽ㡣
ΪСͲ֪Ǹʳˡ
Ҷ汻С١ôһ˵ּ½ȻСһ͵ЦɵЩһڣǴˣҿɲӪ
С١ԹԵͷȴ룬ԼǴѹˡ
ѾŵˣҶһڳҲɢĹܵˡ
Ҷͬ־ôɰҲëŮЦӯӯĴк
ᣬܲſҶߵС׺С١ĶһЩһ½Ȼûߣֲˡ
Ҷ濴˿ܣֿ˿ߵݣֻһͷǰͦɵġ
ҲӦǵλ֯ģϾ˹ܺݣҽʿ½뿪
½Ȼӻû뵽ҽҲݳ
ţλ֯û¾͹ˡƻش½ȻĻɹܿҶ档
˼󣬹뿪ȻҲȥˣҶ濴˲뿪һĻϵıЩãҲ֪ǹܣԺܿƿĿ⡣
ô
ڰϲʣæеϲɫɫȻõģҸղ͵͵ˣҶͬ־ɫÿǳԴˡ
ԴˣգĲ˼֡
ԣ
ģܲĵһ顣
ţҿˡ˵ţŤͷȥȴǶҶķ¶˿ֽߵЦݡ
أܺʮСкһǼٵš
ﲻˬЦĸӿĺͺߣҶ濴ԴæĻͷشһֱء
Ҷú½Ȼ˵ݵЦݿţüͷһĨɫܲǲϲôˣͬ£Ӧùôġ
ղųʱ򣬹ܼҶһǰͷߣװ׷ȥ֪ȴݽסˡ
ݵȻ֪Լ֮ǰľٶùܺҶֱŤиˣῴҶ½Ȼһ𿴾磬ﲻ֪жˣҶǸɵģҲǣ㲻͹ܺˡ
ĸ˶ܲŮͬ־ݲŲĵĸҶء
֪϶Ҷ棬ҲûϵȻиңôڲûŪԽԽɵ
ȻҲżı֣ܲԾ
ݺεĺ͹˵Ǹ⣬ȻԸܽ͡
ܣҶͬ־û°ɣҿҶͬ־кܴᣬҡ
ܲͷĿһݣֿǰߵҶһˣݵţͬ¹кߣƹ׷ȥˡ


233 

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ܣҿ԰㣬֮ǰҲã۾⣬ȥҽԺȴҶͬ־ˡ״ڰûڣɻڲɫĸҶҩֻǣ֪ܶû
֪ôһ£˵ҶڶӦòֻ֮ǰϴ˶ѡ
ҶΣڣһЩ飬
˵ʲôЩᣬǲݵġ
ݵһ䡮Ҷͬ־ģֻԼ֪ѡùһ¾Ϳ
ǰҶֻϴˣֲ˵ͲϲԲԣҲûоܾ˵ԸѽѽʱȲԷѽ
΢һ£ͬݵİǾһҶǰһĻ
ҪͷͷݼţֱԶһЩҲĹսǣֱܽļŻһЩȻ˵ҽллˣȥɣˡ
䣬ܾʹֵԺȥ
ôҲû뵽˵߾ߣ˺סɹֳųܿʹֵˣԭҪ׷ȥͺǾôŹˡ
ǵģ
ݺգùû취
ߣҶѾˡ
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½ȻҶ͵ſڣߵġ
½Ȼ
תͱҶ溰סˡ
½ȻϲܿͷԼˣҶ᲻ҪǮ
ݳƱǮҶղҲдӱݳƱ˵һ죬һݳƱҪëǮҶ治֪½ȻƱǮҲǣǮ
ͳǮʱҶЩεģϾǺѹۣǮĺ٣֪ڵѣԶЩ˵֡
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½ȻһҶô˵ʲô飬Ҳ˵ǲҪС١һʣϾСںҶ׵ĺܣŻ֪ġ
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С١Щԥ½ȻֱĿУû
ѧУˣ͡ʵҲҲãҪľߺи˳ͣҲûˡľߺǽصظģ˵ҪҺúѧϰ
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С١½ȻɻƺΪʲôҪôʣ½Ȼ£ҪǾ͹ԹԵİԼ֪鶼˵ˡ
С١أҶϴСµ¯ӣʵô˯ˣ
СͷҲ̧֪ղżˡ
Сײǲ֪С١ţҲ֪С١Ǹ½ӳңҿ½Ȼ˼ǲҶ֪룬Ҳû˵ҶС١ʱ˵С١ڷ
Ȼݳû˳̣ҶоԼͷЩζһͳųǰյˮ£͸Ͽϴˡ
ҶûʣȴƳһſڵķȻһ߲ͷһ߻Լˡ


234 

ˡҶߵһ㣬ͷС׵ֲɵĶһ¡
˯ǵ˯ǰһͨڡ
ãСӦҶҲ˯

֪ΪʲôС׶˭ޱ飬˵ڲƭһһ׵ģҶ棬˵СѶβѡ
ܾҶֵôãǸС١Сѣһ£Ҳùޱȡ
ǽǱߣ½ȻС١ǰ󲻴Ļ˽⡣
ˣ֪ˣȥɡˣҪʣҪô˵
С١ԹԵҲ߽㣬½ҹҵġ
½Ȼԣĵͷ
Уȥɡ
ֻ֪С١ֹҲŲƭģҪʣҶ˵ˡ
ҶݺС١ûſŵ̽ͷµ¯ӣæŵİŹϡ
磬أС١յСߣʵ
С׳ҶķŬŬ죬Ҷ˯ˣҲ˯
һҶûзڣѾϢˣС١Ҳûйȥš
ʵ½Ȼǲ֪С١Լ˼˭ҶС١أοҶ汻ȷʵ
Ȼ½ȻҲмƽϣ飬Ҳʲô£˵˳һҲС١ֵ˵˵ûҶϵá
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Ҷ֪С١˵ʲôģҲ½ȻС١ˡ
һҹߡ
ϣһݵװȻССһݣÿε֥ͣһĴл
лС׺С١ģҶǳԲлġ
粻Ҷʰó緹
Ҷ硣
硣СףС١أ
㣬Ҳˡ
С׻ûлشأС١һӦһߴӳһõİͷĸ
ԷһȥѧУ
㣬ԼԵİ
ԷҶ治С١顣
ŶС١ԹӦӣȴʲô£ڵˣ㣬ҵú̹׸顣
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ٳǰС١ֿˡ
ҶûԴûȥһ϶׵ĻŲš
С١죬ϵĲı飬ĵֲɵѲɲ
ϻҶȳţ˵Ҳȥ½Ȼô֡
Ҷ治ǲ֪½Ȼ½ȻγأɲţСԺûŪʲôˡ
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²£쵽ѧУʱҶͻȻһ䡣
С١Цӯӯҡͷ£нڣҲŲء
áԺҪ˭۸㣬Ĺʹ򣬴򲻹ܡлˣԺлˣ
˵ҶԼЦˡ
һҶµС飬С١ҲԾԾ
СԭǴһģ֪·ҶȥϰˣҪڣһҶƺˡ
Сѧİ칫Ҹ֡
ӢڳϣһԼ𣬺úýѵС١ĵģ
ʦһԣʱʱץźףҪ˵ʲôȴӢһ˻ȥ
칫ﻹʦڣһżƣ˵ʲôתһ룬ǳʦļ˵ìܵǳʦѧò̯˻ˮο˭֪Ӣĸӵ硣
͵ȵЩͷ裬СӲ˲˰ɣ
ߣ˳һ㲻ʮ塣ҪǲҾȥ˵ˣҲ绹ڳϰءӢмЦһȥϰ࣬ҾͰǴˡ
ʦԼ֪ôģԽĻˡ
ܾãҪ顣
㣬ѧУԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬСҲûô˸ӣû飬ͱ˰ɣ
죡첲յģ۸㲻Ҫ˵Ӣݺݵĵ˳ʦһۡ


235 ըëС

ܵܣ֮ǰЩô֪Ǽ󣬵ԽԽСˣ֮ǰĳ徢ȥˡ
Ӣ֪ʦ˵ǲ壬ɶҶ棬ʵﲻˣʦͰʰһ٣ҽҩʲôģɵҶС١뿪
ʦ˵ɳӢѾƲͷԸˡ
СѧǺƣҲϵ꼶ȻͿѧˣС١꼶꼶
ҶС١̤ǶСѧʱ½ȻҲൽˡ
ͱͲԸڰ칫ɵȣһֱȺͰ칫ſڻƣһҶС١æָˣ칫ˣˡ
ˣˡӢһ˵ʲôѧⶼˣѧ棬Ż˸
֮⣬ĸϳѧУ
칫ʦӢĻﰵҡͷ˵ǶС١ҲЩӰ죬ѧͦòģѧѧĸʦʺãڿҲҵ桭
ǳͣһʼʱզզģһʹͬѧ
ȻͷСӣֵҲɳ͵һ۸˺üͬѧϿҲϲҶʦĽ˼·
ڶ͸˵ˣֱҪѿýҡ
飬ҲŮʦ˵ˣǳġ
ֻǣ۸С١ʱñС١ѧĽ㿴ǱԿˡ
ʵʱʦҶͳһСӼƽϣȷӦãɸȴǾã;Ӧñʰһ
Ǻͳʦͬ£Ҳ˵ʲôϾ̧ͷͷģ˰ѳʰһ٣Ƕý
ų˵ʵһЩ֪ǲ꣬ͼĸˣڵҪС١ˡ
û˼Ҷ棬Ȼʦﻰ˼ǲõģǺ
һ˵ˣ칫ʦ໥һۣ̲סĸ˳ȥԻһ飬ôȰܲǡ
Ҷ洩źɫ㣬Ͳƽѥǰɫ֯һë£ɫͷɸβ¶İزӣԵøɾ䡣
С١Ҳĺɫӣɫºɫë£ĵԲ۾͸
߽У԰ģէһΪǴӵӰ߳Աˡ
С۸ҶǲǣӢһҶʱ򣬵ŭ͸ˡ
ȻСȳǹԼ˵СҪˣǻ
һ뵽ΪԼ˼ΣӢɵǨŭҶϣˡ
С١ڵĳٿҲҶԿһӢĲɾһӾͱǻըëСһųӢſھҪȥ
֪Ҷ֪С١˼һһѣֹסԼǵЦЦС˭
С㣡
ӢҲĻ죬ȴһ˶ֵĿܵҲεİƲһߣһ룬ʱ׹ԼǱҶˣĸˡ
ݡӢŭڵһ±𣬵ܿ侲ĶҶ棬ʵ۸Ҷӣ㻹
˵飬ô
ӢҪǽ첻һĽ¾ûꡣ
Ҫ˵ҪӰ࣬øͷţȥˡ
һΪǸģӲǰҶƽͣһҲûгӢͱ˵ģϻǳǳЦݣȻֻС١֪ҶЦݲ۵ס
ǸСҶӣŪҶӣҸǸ²вɣ
ҶֻӢڹͣɵָС١СʱҶϵıͱˣüһ
ֻ氭ۣ
Ҫָָţ̫۸ˣ
һΣһ磬ָʲô³š
ˣһָ˵³񱻹ʰĺܲңǴιɥʬˣ
ʱ򣬹Ϊֻ֪Ҷ֪ˡ
ĩˣһʧٸˡ
һʼҶ沢֪ЩǱʰˣһײ֪ЩжģҪ۸ģܲɫˡ
һⶼûк³ιɥʬҵġ
뵽ܣҶЩ񣬵һ紵ܿͻع
ȶС١ֵģ㲻ӣҼС١Ǹˣ鷳ͷߵڰ׺̫ѾԹ컯֮ºڵĽˣ


236 Ȳ˰

ǵأôŵʱ̫żˣҶһ˵ţһĸС١Դο
ʵС١ı⻹صҲûУʲôɱҶôһһᣬ۾ûסĺˡ
Ҷʱ
ʦҶ⻰һԲԶͬͬ飬ֻڵһ¸ˣ޲ԼҸ
Թ˵Ůͬ־öԸƫƫţʦҲǣҲǣֻεվһԣŲӣֻϣ㲻Ҫֵ̫֣̫ѿˡ
С١С
ҶȻҪ֣Ǿɡ
˵ǼҾ߳һС쵼еĺ飬ҶĿųӢκθĿڣҵ֪۸Сѣ˶ĵ
һԵʦզ࣬Ůͬ־˵Ǵ֪Ҳû˸ҵ˵
Ҫ֪һοɲ١
ΣǸһһܻΡ
һôಿţٶиΣԣ˵Ĳ࣬˵Ҳ٣ÿλûʵȨ
ӢرͣλþǹȵģϹǼԱѽ
һ𣬼ڼҾ߳;ͲСˣ˭ÿϣ֣οȷ﹤ͷѹ˲µĹˣȻԽֱˡ
˵С١ĸڼҾֻ߳ǸѧͽôС١Ůͬ־ҲӳҪͳӢܵ׵ĵ
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ֻǣǲ֪ҶĻǲŽо
㲻һҾ߳ĳζѣôŰ裬УĶӻõɱˣ
Ҷ⻰һʦһɫˡ
ɱ˵ʲôʱ˵УĶӵɱˡӢһţĺȵֱں
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ʦҲˣæ˵ʲôλͬ־ҳԣɲ˵
ڳӢöԴĹһԼҶѹû⣬ʦĻҶ͸ˡ
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ƨҲü죬˭СôǷ᲻ңҴ򡣡ͶҶ汾ͻģһԼҶɫѿһʱʲôҲ˵צĻ
ȻӱĸƤôӵǲǶ򲻴
ǵã֮ǰ˵ԸҪӦôţ
ˣ͵úݺݵûкҩС
ʱ׼дԺĸīֺݺݴ˸硣
У
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԰԰һҲæĵĿڣųǲ廹ûеãǶ۲켸˵ɣ
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⻰ī˵ļΪƶ
Сͷͣţ֪˭ˣ˵϶ɩˡ
˳ǣī˵⻰ʱ򣬻º͵Цһ¡
԰԰ǵЦݽ˽ܿȥ
С۾һţֲôżдԺأٲȥɩӻᷢ쭰
֪̫ˡīûİСһۣһҲв
ٺ٣ٺ١С¸Цţ˰ϵĶԹһš
԰԰ıԣװЦЦӯӯʵţ㲻˵Ҫôû
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ֲãɩһֱûء
֣ʲôʱɩͨţôһ㶼֪
СЩƣҲϣϾҪǵԺɩ֪ŸԺȴûػøŵףʹˡ
СһҺ˽Ķ԰԰²ī
ҽǲ֪ǸŶɩӣ۵ˣʱˣɩʱ飬ˣȻʧ䣬Ҳû


237 ˰

Ӣ˵ţҶ滹ǲģһᣬвҪȻСѧͽͱˡ
вôһѧͽҪһɶС
ͷѧͽҲǲ׵ģ˭¶˹û취ҡ
˵С׿Ҫ׬ǮԼС١ģӢɲСֵܺҶʲôϵҲھӣСֵ˹࣬һѰˡ
ôһ룬Ӣĵˡ
ôС׵ѧͽҲ̫ˣҸõĹɡ
ҽҩѣǾͣˣҶ
ԣӢҶǿӲҪأҶ⻰ҲûϸǼ٣һæӦ£ҶӴˣʮǮҽҩѺӪѡ
˵Ҷ͸С١ľߺУҲµģһҲԼҪʮǮʨӴſڡ
ֻǣӢ䣬һԵʦ飬ӢĿ˱ģʦĽҲ̫ˣҪʮǮǶ𰡣
ⲻ۸
ʦĽģҲǣԺٺĺãҪȻˣӦ
ʦע⵽ԼͬµЩΣֲ˵ʲôֻĵݸһ㲻Ҫֵ̫
ɳӢѾԼסҶ棬ղһûˣҶĿڱصá
ǶʮǮ
û
ҶԣЦЦ࣬ȴóʦͳӢûľЩš
ѽͣҲô죿ȻѯʵĻ˭Ҷһ˼
־֣ͣͣôõ顣
һëǮģڣͣǧ飬飬С
ʲôӢЩףʲô˼˵ҽҩôźҪԼأ
ʲôǧ飬ʲô飬Լʲôʱ˵ҪСǮˣǴΰɣ
У⻰ǲԸͶʮǮˣ
ˣܣСͿ˵ˡ
ҶƺӢͳʦϵıһ˵۸˻ҪǸǳ¼δҲ̫ԵһЩ˵˶ǣҵǳ¼ңƫǲˡ
Ůͬ־ĺÿ˵Ļôôأǲ֪Щ𣿳ʦˡ
ʲôǹһЩҲû˵
ʲôҵơ
һ仰½ȻűͦƷ˹
С١Ťͷȥһ½ȻһЩȡ
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ظҶղŵĻӢʹģһƺҶ滹ʶģӲ˲û֮ǰʢ˵顣
ûУûУʲô˵űֽϵءʦܿƱϵ۾˴˵
˵ʱ͵͵ĿһҶ棬ûпڣһ룬Ůͬ־ɴͦģˣǻ˵ˣ
ʦҶǴģ֪ʱ˵ǺõģҶ浹ûôˣҶ治ϻ˵ѣʵҲûʲôġ
˹ͺҶкʦ룬ԼǴʲôʶģϾҶģĺãûͬ־е˼Ҳеġ
ӢҲܿЦλͬ־ã𣿡
顣ԾųӢʵƽǼҾ߶ĳӢͬ־ɣ
ǣǡ
ͷû˿Ͳģ˵ҶղŻһ˵ĳӢľսģῴԼﲻЩϰӢҲǼЩģסĻţԼ
ͺˣǽӵȺھٱͶߣ˵㡭Ծ¹˵ţһ£һ˰ɡ
Ȼô˵Ծ½ȻһһҵվڳӢߣ̬ӢҪܣô˾ҪŤؾ
֪ʲô𣿡Ӣһһţˡ
ûҪ֪Ⱥǻȥɡ½Ȼע⵽Ҷ沢ûб۸ŷģڳӢѯʣֻǵ˵š
Ӣ״һѶƸʦãΪһλͬ־Ĺ
䣬ҶͿˡ
½ӳãȻλӢͬ־ģôǻȥ¼ڹ
ҶĻڳ˶סˡ
Ϊ˾˳Ұǰͷһ΢һ£ûнϣԻȥһ¡


238

¼ڹ¼ʲôڹ
˭Ⱦη²ʲôٶЩģû뵽Ҫȥֵġ
Ҷ棺ѽߣ˵ˣӦ˵Ǳ
ӢҶ˼ﲻ֪£æ޵Ŀһ۵ܵܣʾ취
ʦҲɵֽӵæȡλŮͬ־㲻Ҫ֪ܵܵѧϰ𣿺ҵ칫̸̸
ҵܵѧϰ飬һ̸Ҳԡ봦ҵܱܵ۸ᶫ顣
᣿

һӢɫͰһЩ
ɵҲ֪ʲʲôû˵ӢͲɵ
ǺǡʦĨĨǵϸ˵ЦˣʲôᣬСӴСӾģͬѧ֮侭ʹ֣ʲôģû˵ôء
½ȻԾֱӰѳӢ߾ˣ½ȻҪҶȻװȤţԾҲʶҶ棬ϵȻ½Ȼô͸ôˡ
½ȻʵԭģǵһЩ飬ȥҾ߳ҳӢϹǺԾҳӢȥ顣
ʱ䣬ӦѾѳӢϹȥ·ˡ
ҲǴ֡Ҷ濴˿һ½ȻԾ˹͹ԵĺһĳһۣٿһɫЩŵĳӢ˵ԼͬѧĶͬѧҳҽҩѣɲʲôС֮Ц
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С١ҡͷŲᣬѾܺ˵ˡ
ǳ͵̫ˣϺ͸˵øһʰȻǼˣǼˣȫҶǼˡ
ҶЦˣͲϿˣǻȥڼϢԵóԵġ
˵֮ǰܾһֱţ۸ˣúݺݷȥУ˶Ӳġ
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С١״ɻ󣬽ʲôˣǹ˻
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239 ֤

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Ҷ汻С١ı鶺һ֣һůůģЦͷ˵ţС١ҲҪġ
˵磬С١һǸ磬ܾΡ
С١һʱЦˡ
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СһԼҸô˵ͷͣţ֪˭ˣ˵϶ɩˡ
˳ǣī˵⻰ʱ򣬻º͵Цһ¡
԰԰ǵЦݽ˽ܿȥ
С۾һţֲôżдԺأٲȥɩӻᷢ쭰
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ٺ٣ٺ١С¸Цţ˰ϵĶԹһš
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˵СҲԺˡ
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240 

԰԰뿪īĲҪ߻ذ칫ңȴС¾ǰͷԶǱ߿첽ǰ߰˺ס
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԰԰ɨС룬˵Ҫȥ˳͹ȥɣţʰأҿֱŵģûڲС
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С°֣һ˵ģ˵ŲŲŻңǿġҽǸҲֻжɩӲһЩǣԳеġ
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ʵԺҲ֪԰԰˼뷨ڣҲΪ˸ī룬Ǻ԰԰רҵʵģң԰԰ѵŮȻܰҪһµġ
ԺǸš

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īֿ̧˿ֱϴ£ԺԺ칫ȥ
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Ӧ˵Ѿˡ
ᣬ飬ȡ֣
ᣬ飬ȡ֣


241 

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ᣬ飬ȡ֣
ᣬ飬ȡ֡
Ҳûᣬû飬ûȡء
īǳ˳飬СԺԺ룬û뵽С¾ȻԺڰ칫Сһĳ
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ԺͲСԸīҲЩڵģ˭ղ˵˵һЩʵĻ
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˵գС֮ǰϵĳԺ˹ȥ
аɣȻ֡ԺֱʣùīĳԺ룬Լ֣ȻϺӡࡣ
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šīͷ
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242 ³

СºСһɵĲ˵īĶ󲻺á
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ãҲϲǡ
˾ɩӲãôС
ԷԺС¶Ҫɼˡ
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ʵԺ̫ƻˣǹСأǲԸ׼Ժѡ
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243 Ȳ

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𳵣С»ûд˷ܾͷﻺֿʼ
ճ극Сû£ǶŸīʵţɩ֪ȥ𣿡
īƿƤСһۣ֪ݼٻȥ𣿡
Сµͷ϶֪컻˻𳵵ʱ򣬳ŵȻ𳵵ļ϶ҵʾ˷Ӽ籨ƺ籨͵ˣҼﵽʱᵽվǵġ
ǽ㣬ǽǣ
īþСµĻȻﶼ֪ȥ˵ɩӻ᲻֪
ڸī֪ܲģһֱԼ˵ˣô
СһȻЦҲǣӣ϶ͺɩ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôʱɩϵģɸżȻ˵֪ͨɩˣɩӾͿ϶֪Ϣˡ


244 ȼ֮

԰԰ϴּ˸īСµĶԻ岻ɵĽһ£ܿ죬뿴īǶǸʲôˡ
ʵһʼѡ԰԰԰԰˵ˣ֪īϼҺԪһģݼҲԪȥġ
īƳ԰԰Ӱ̾һЩյ˵ھ͵һ顣
С²İʵʲô飿
㲻ǲ֪һһʱ䡣ī״Ƶ˵֮ǰͺ˵˻ȥģһϣȻûϢ׼ġ
ǻҲɩӵģ·̫ԶԲҹƣܴ
Сţ룬ͷ
Ȼû̸󣬿ԼҪ̯ϸĶԼҲɣʱûϢҲ֪ʲô˭ܲ룿
û£ţ㵽ʱúúɩӽͽͣúϴɩͨ׵ġ
īЦЦɩӵǲ֪ǲҵġ
˵⻰ʱ򣬸īξΰˣȷͲˣƾôУô˵ûãһСèһúţܵ
СһԼҸһ߿յ˵ţȴõЦţҡͷã޹ܲˡ
԰԰ȸīСĵĲˣװ߻ӡ
ī˵Ԫ޻վʱʮ硣
Ż𳵽վС°ͲסĴӴ̨Ȼ֪ĸ϶ų̂ϣѹסĵļ̽Դ
һͣ£˾³
īȻֻǰСţжûʲôӰˡ
Сӣ㣬ڻ˰
һʵСµĽŲĸˣܣ嵽ںһԷǰ
֣裬һˡ
ͺãͺáĸûг¸ôƣϡﻩĲͣһĨᣬһ߽Ŷӵ֡
ӿɲش򹤣ǱǵǱԶطսģȻ٣ɵĸģôܻ᲻ġ
ӵ籨֪ݼٻ˶˻ˣⲻһͰѼɨһ飬˲ٵĳʳȻ͵վˡ
裬Ҳû£㿴ⲻǺúõǾͱˡСҲ۾¥Ÿĸοţ裬ɱˣҪȻñЦˡ
ޣޣ費ޡĸ˲ᣬ˵˲١
½εЦЦˣ׳ʵ˲١
ᣬ󼸲ĸī԰԰Ҳ߹ˡ
裬ҸǽܽܣǸš
ī֮ǰڿ½͸ĸӵʱվں棬Χ̾仯󰡣˵˵еԪ޵ļ䣬뿪̫ˣõİĺܡ
԰԰ҲվڸīߣīΪˣһᶼû˹ﲻЩϲӣŮͬ־͸ī˵һƢСԡ
͵͵Ŀһ۸ī԰԰²⣬ḵīǲǺܲܣ
ôҪӣȻʾһܽġ

˭һĻò´壬Ļ𳵻ȴûˣϲľٶҲĺİɣ
īû԰԰뷨һ󣬼Сº͸ĸ˵Ĳˣ߹ȥ
СͺԼ˵īȹ飬ԸīмĲУ˫ס˸īõ֣ҡţţлл㣬лл˽ǡ
ˣûʲôģСҵıҡ
ĸҲסīһֵֻģһֻˣǲգֲͣţĨĨ
īСһװۣػ·˶ֱ¸ĸôл˾͸ˡ
īϰĳ棬ƳСһۣСعæ׵֣԰԰Ҳˡ
裬ҽ
ҽãá¸ͬ־ڼҲȥסδŮͬ־ֻ֣ͣʺá
ĸæӹ԰԰ҽһ·ˡ
ҽÿںڵͷֻӣݰ׵ģ·ɾ࣬󷽵ģҪԼϱͺˡ
˵϶жˣϴû飬Ҳ̫һЩϵҲϴûĹɡ
СѹͲ֪ԼŻſڶûеأԼѾʼˡ
Ҫ֪һεֲ̯֣ǸţôԶµĲӰ̸ɩôõĶ


245 

ǵطӶǹģŮͬ־̸󡣺òиοݳЩձŮͬ־죬ǲǰͷƴƴѵź۶ſˣﻹ̸
ûŮҽʲôģɲѾˣǿϸˣϷ
ĸ̫飬԰԰ô˹ȥֻòĵл
裬˶࣬Ȼȥɣлȥ˵С˵ţͻȻīţɩأ
ī彩һ£ڵ˵ɩ֪һûиʲôʱҴһϲ
Ǹ͸īĻһؿڵʯͻȻһ£Ȼְȥ
Ȼܿ죬Ҳֻһ£컹ţīȻоʵǲҪʲô
ڸīʣʯӲûκεĻӦͺղһ£Ķһ
ãȵҼȥϢϢСҲû룺ʱȥɩӣҰúýͽ͡
ĸԭӽ԰԰ʱΪ԰԰ǸīĶ󣬱ϾǣһҽҲǣ֪⻰֪ϼϱġ
īһ԰԰ֻǿţΪԼһ˶еǡ
ҽҲȵҼҰɣЩȥд
Ͼ԰԰زģܲܣôҲð˰ٺòǡ
ĸ͵͵Ĵ԰԰͵͵룬ҽϴţǡ
ҽ飬һ˳·иӦСע⵽񣬲ɽ͵
ĸŵͷôģҲֻԼ֪ˡ
԰԰ȻܾʵҪǸīȥд԰԰Ӧȥ½ģīһʱûȥд˼԰԰Ҳ뵽ϸ·ʱҪҸīҲеطҡ
ȥС¼·ϣī໰ʵҲǷԪ޲ɣϾҲûϤˣǻϼظݼٵصʱ򣬹ʹģͱطˡ
īĳĬ԰԰Ϊ˶С¿ԼҸ綼ɵɩȥˣû˼˵
¸ĸȴΪīۻˣοҲƽȻԼӵϼǣţ˶Щн϶Ӻò׻ȻҪŶӺú˵ˡ
ţһᵽС¼ø㿴ôˡ԰԰ԸøīĿˡ
ī񣬵ãͺˣҲûˡ
ʲôÿģŤˣûôȻŹ̶ĲҲԷָѣûʲô¡
԰԰˵ʲôأõС¼ҸˣС¸ĸȥīҲԵıʾ鷳Ҳû˵ˡ
С¼Ҿֵ꣬ʲƱʲôĴ󲿷ֶĸ¸ĸҲй¼Ȼǹͦõġ
磬ˡ
磬Һ㡣
ۡ磬ڻˡ
һţС¾ͱܵܣһøΧסˡ
Ȼһ󼤶ӵ
СǼϴʮ꣬ܵܣһãĵܵܶʮһ꣬ˣ¼ҵһ̥ʮ꣬һ
ʱ򣬸ī԰԰Ѿڳ¸ͳĸд£ϣȲ衣
īҲС´ѣͽˣʮ꣬˵ǴСڲﳤģῴСˣ뵽ʲôЩ
һ԰԰״뵽˸īҪοָ˶̧𣬾ͼĸŹӻǹҲͲ˼ʲôˡ
Ҷڳ̲÷֪ôģͻȻоЩļ£оĿ죬ȥҲ죬ûüúøܣǸоʧˡ
֣ѵ̲÷̫ˣ
һֱһͳ緹ˣҶʣµ̲÷һߣС׺úûУ
С١ڸС״ջҶæӦ㣬һᡣ
ôţɡ
ûУҾʡ̲÷Եе࣬ţɣҪᵹô
ҰС׵ɽϲģҪǰһǺȥڣѾҪȥˣҶ涢Ұÿ˿³
Կ⡣
ǣҶ淢С׾æˡ
һͺˡСһ̽ͷϸ˿ȻͬС١Ļ
Ե㡭Ҷ˵һ룬룬ҡͷǿȰɣҳתһȦ
㣬ˡС١ųŵҶ涣Եļﶼء
Ҷֻһ֣Ҳû˵᲻


246 ۵

¼ߡ
½ִϼͣ¼ҷȻٲġ
ײˡ⡢⳴С˿ջ㣬ǰײ˶
һٻȻǲٵģ¼ҹҲ٣СµĽһֱҲһپ׽⡣
οСʲôʱܻһˣִ˾ˣôҲúúдǡ
ĸһֱ͵͵۲԰԰ϲǳĸҲˣ԰԰Ըī˼ȻֲԣɳĸҲǹˣ￴
ĸЩϧΪǴԼҶˣţиҪõĶš
˵⸵ţͦģҼϴҲ
¸׼ƿдīˣīŤ˸첲ȻȾƣһ˼Ļ𳵣Ҳ۵ĺܣҲûȾơ
С¼Ѹīڼס¸ĸҲȰţī޷ֻͬס죬԰԰ǱСȥ˸¼ֵдסˡ
û취԰԰ϾģīСݼ١
ҸīԺСסһ䣬ֻҪСµķоͿˡ
С»ʱ򣬸īѾˣҹû˯ò
磬硣Сµýг飬һߡ
ôˣһصӣСЩ֡
Ǹţ
ⲻǷϻ⻹м٣
飺ǣǾ̫ˣģô͡ղųԷʱˣŶʮأôǣţ̫ˡ
Сһɵ˵ǣſɲһˣսպգЩɶսƴġ
һȹʮصȹҲ٣ȹ͸ˣûϸϵ˿ÿһѫ¡˵ԼݵˣСǿˮɽ˷ܵİҲû۵˼
һţ۾ﾪأȴˡ
ڳԼҴǶˣڣ˱绹Ҫȹ粻ֹһΣŴ˵īĹ¼ˣﶼǡ
ôడǴ磬ж٣
СͱôһʣЩΣ̹ܿȻ˵û٣еģǼﶼ֪˰󣬼Ҳܵõλĵ籨֪ͨġ
ֲǸţôһȹصȹ
Щǹҫۣи˶Ĵۣʲôգûᵽ˵ˣǣҲȫᵽ
ų˵ԸҪЩʲôֵֻǶġ
ֻǡ
СţЩ񣬲鲢ûע⵽ɫҡš
磬˵˵ɣǵս
С±ͳݸīһȤһСҲչȻܾǻɫ˵
ǿɲ֪ǵطֺ䣬ܱɱˣŴǡ
һΰʶ˵˵ĹƣˡöԷ˲ʹĴۣݺݵĻػˡ
һī˯ڣ
һ¼Ҿͳͳ½ڣһ²֪¸ĸĵС³ȥҫȥˡ
īҲ¸ĸ˼ӳ浱ò׻һˣôȥתתñ֪Լٹ١
ţȲ衣½񱻰ԸҪдøīһ˸æݲ衣
ллīҲûţЦЦʵн񰡣
ннȡľһ׵˼𣿡
ԣ½Լ磬Ըī͸ˣԼ綼ޱȵˣεľȹ
ͦõģǴ羭ǡ
½һˣԭͼֶ֪ˡ
ллллſ佱ţȲ裬Ȳ衭
īߴӳɨڳΪīʹԼ֣ҪԼʱȴīûκαʾʧ
¶Է˼ûˣҪҪ˵˵֪⻶ϲĺ͸˵ˣҲһԼ
Լðô
뵽͵͵˳½һѡ
½ֵۣĿԼһۣ޹ĿԼȻףҲûϣΪȥֲ˼˵ǻֵ飬Ҫȥ棬ȥɣһῴ裬һˡ
ңҲŲȥأֲСˣŲءΣ͵͵Ŀһ۸īûԼǸˣ΢΢
ңҡӦòΰɣѾľԱˡ


247 ϲ

Ҹ½һĪ
Լǫ̂Ǻˣ˭ˣ㡣
˵գյط䣬ԼٴȥҪԼˡ
Ȼ֪ԼСôˣɳ½ûзϣŸīǸЦЦţ˼ЩԣЦˡ
īû£С
鷿ŲûйؽȻﴫĻ¶Ҫˡ
ʲôСӣʮ꣬Сˡҵܷ乤ˣҲˣСˡ
Ϊ˸бҵ乤ھͿҹ
Щί鿴һϵĺɫϱ߿ӣԼͷƺЩˣǽ⿪ӣСĵţ˼ȴĶԻ
ţȲ裬˼Ļһۻˡ
ûסķ˸ۣ˺Ȳ衣
¼Ҳ󣬱һԴһЩ͸һҲСҲ˸Сס
֮ǰСûлʱ򣬳½һסһ䣬С»˸īһ
ǳ½ȥ͵ܵ˯Сī˯Լԭķ䣬īҲס̫á
ϳʱ򣬳ĸ³ˣٰʣµĲˣҲˡ
īͲʲô޵ˣ£û˭һ϶ٳʣĲ˵˵ģʣ˾¶ٳԡ
ȻҲûһʣ˾ǡ
˯һīãǷͺС³תȥ
鱾һģĸŸɻֻźĿԼ͸īȥˡ
ϵģܿҲ࣬īСͷ˵һỰҲͻˡ
תһ磬ϰĸī𴲺ϴþͳˡ
С̫˷ܣ˯̫ˣīŵʱֻ΢ѹһ£ּ˯ȥˡ
īȥתһȦڹӪȫƱ⽡ͳ
סС¼ס쵹ûʲôܲһֱС¼ûκαʾʳҲǶʱģ˭жס
٣Ҳ˳¼Ҳʳˡ
īջó¼ҵҲ½ˡ
һīһӵ緹ĸţôƷѣ⡭
¸ԴǣοԼӵ쵼ֻŵ˵ɲôﶼУ緹һˣƷء
īЦЦӦõģסҲ鷳ˡ
Ȼīô˵ɳ¸ĸֲɵģסдҲëǮһһپͻǮˣƱʲôġ
ǱҪ˺дģ֪ȻƷˡ
ţ⣬Ƕ˼ˣס͵Լһÿġ
ǰסﻹǵĲˡ
īЦЦûУҾǳתת·Ӫݾ˳緹ˡ
˵ô˵ɳ¸ĸﲻ֪ӪתﲻתҪֿڵӪȥҵӪݿҪֿڣ·ء
˶һۣЩΣּӻû¸ͽݾ
ʱѾϴãֻ룬Ƿɫźɫë£׻Ƹӵ޿㣬ʮͣԵഺ
ϵëº¶õС¼ĻľòƱëƱģϾСڲԴöòģЩǸġ
СûжҲûϱȻЩƱȯżĸˡ
¼Ҳͳͳ½ҵ˻ѧ˶С´¼ҵȻĲˡ
ͳһŮС¼ĻĲƱëƱʲôȻǽųãԣ·ҲǴľ˾һЩȴǰûеġ
컹صĨѩ࣬ѩǮһУ˺þõǮڹǰģһֱôãÿõʱСĵĨһ㣬΢ĨһЩ
īŶæºǰڿĽӹīŵĶ磬ôȥ緹ˣ׼緹ء
ûʲôһ磬ȥתת˳ˣʡĶ鷳
ĸһֲ˼˵ͽ˵Щˣ緹
ԣæ˵裬˽һΪԼˣ֪ʱ򣬸綼ȥˡ
ɣŮżҲæ緹ʲôģĸҲû
ûע⵽ʱ򣬸īüͷɫ壬ϲζ
鵽ССµãǸīµıī粻ʰˡȻµҲûĨЩİá
ڳʱ򣬸īɫĿһţŸоԼĿ


248 ͵طһ

С˯ã֪ԼϵŶѣ֪ڼʱȻ̧֣ȴҲ۵ʱӦûаԼϵƷڵء
֣´νҾУҶֶŵģһ˵ô졣СҲۣε˵š
¸ղҲӷԵˣ֪˵ʵͷӦ£ȴЩᣬʲôĻķӦ
ӳԿˣ˲ٿأ
ƺ뷨С²ЦЦʲôǱʰϰ߶ѣǰֵܶû°ҹ͵ϮһҲеģǶϰˣҪûУǶϰˡ
¸ͷС˵𴲣ǸŶѾ緹ˡСӣ˻ҲܣԼ˯㣬Լ쵼緹ĵ
ǿǸţ
˵Ӻ˹ϵ˲һ죬Ҳ̫ˡ
һī緹ˣСҵ飬æ·ϴȥ
˵¼һвˣɸīҲа㲻ڣӦ˵иīڣС¶ٻһЩڷϱ߳Ա˵¼ˣٶھŵġ
ţҪҪֺһЩȥɩӰȻôʣС¾ãſ϶Ǵסġ
С»䣬īûпڣ;ȳΪھ㵣ԵЩ
˰
ĸü⣺飬˵ٲ졣
Ůô£ǰģ̫ʧˡ
ҲӦԼӦƺԣԼձߵıӣڨЦͣңҾ̫ˣΪ翴Ҳ󡣡
СҡͷǻûнᣬҲˣǰɣš
˵ţС¶ԸīʹɫȤ
θµļ٣ʱѻˣɩһʱ䣬ʡĽ뿪ɩԹԡ
īɫƳСһֻۣû˶ڣôᡣ
ĸһԴǻҲ˵ţˣأʲôʱϱ
¸Ҳĸ˵һ죬Ҳͷ԰񶼶ˣĿɲ̫ࡣ
½ںͻȻ˵ԼЩ˼
СȤʵܣ˵ģϰ࣬ô
ңң½Щ˼ͷ˵趼ˣڷ֯أͦõġ
̸˶ˣʲôʱ飿֮ǰҲû
½Щߣ϶Ͱ͵̸Сˣڽ飬С˵ˣ׼˾Ϳԡ
С»׼أͱĸˡ
ܵĶǸõģھͿʲôʱˡ
СһƻصԼˣЩһżͻءҪģô򱨸룬طôס
¸ͳĸҲ֪ʲô˼˿˿īֳɵڰͺˣӵ£ţΪ쵼ܹİɣ
һС¾֪ô£˿ǰԼͿˡ
ˣţʲôʱɩ֪㵽ˣ
һûãһȥתתɣҿҪҪ㶫Ȼô˵ɸīֹﶼ֪ô֪
Ӧ֪İɣﲻȷţīʶڴʯӡ
ҲСţҪҺһɣܰͽͣɩӾͲˡ
Сɣһ뿴ǸŵĶʲôģؼȻˣϰϰ࣬ԼҲģŸŻе˼
Ѿж˰
˼ǿˣ
Ҳ
ʱЩʳ֪ζ
Թ緹īС¾ͳȥˣ鱾ŵģҲʵɣͬѧȥͼݣεȷûֻ꣬źĿԼ͸īȥˡ
С¿ԼţֻΪԼܾòҪţЦ飬ͺͬѧȥͼݰɣģһóԵĻ
ƲƲ죬ͷȴֹҲŲҪȥóء
ڸīС³ȥ󣬹ҳŮͬѧŸ˵
飬Ա˭డ
һĿһЩɵĿŮͬѧֻǺ棬ûб뷨Щģ˵ҴϼǸţأҴ˵ˣˡ
ڰŮͬѧҫԼԸīĳƺж׽Ůͬѧ֮ǰ֪Ĵ֪˿ˣէһīǲŭģŵỹûлعأ˼
Ŭ壬¸һӱǱ֣ܶǿ񫡣


249

Ҵ˵ˣģսպء
Сøô
ң֪ҾװҲ˵ҲЦģ˵ġ˵գҲȳʣ˵Լ׼Ҫʲô顣
ԼͬѧԸīûʲô뷨²ȥͼݽ飬˵
ڸīСڰٻ¥ʱҶŸźµĵλź֤ؼҵ·ϡ
ȻգüӰ࣬ȻӰȥʡǳ켱õĲ϶ѡ
ȥ·ϣҶû˼׺廨⣬С١˵Լڼҳ緹ͼʰһµȳȥˡ
С١ڼϵܾⷢûʲô飬ɽȥʡǹܲµĸš
ҪǴھͺˣôһȥʡǣĩûΣҲġ
Ҷ治֪С١뷨ǰʡǵϵء
һ·һСʱŵʡǡ
ҶѾǵһʡǵͼˣǵˣᳵ·Ŀĵȥ
ֻϵĿԱ͸ļȥˣ˵ĵŻ
Ҷ̧һֱڻһء
ӴҲ˼͵ƽǣҶ֪ҪãȻԼԴȥĺˡ
Ҷ£ʵڲ˼Ҳ̫ˣģһõϵģͬ־ҽвҪǻæĺȥٻ¥תһתһѲϸ׼á
˶ô˵ˣҶ滹˵ʲôлȻ뿪ͼݡ

Ҹطһ䣬С١С״㶫ˡ
Ҷ⾭ʱĺͳһŮͬѧɨæųָָ飬㿴Ůͬ־·ÿ
˳ͬѧֿȥҲĽ
ҶɫŹɫë£Ǻɫ㡣
ȻˣЩϴпƽѥӣŶѥĵĸͦΡ
һ絹ҲʱӱһЩ
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ҶԼĲƱǲģֻܴӿռ﷭úʵ·ˣʡ˲ƱʡǮˡ
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ҶԣЩЦŮ԰ĸʱһģֻҪ
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251 Ҳǹ

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253 Ҫù

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ۼǲж˺С˵С¶ŵġ
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Сգ۾һԼҪʱɩϤҪȻʱҲʡ
īҶעСµı飬ҪȻƲСºҶϤͺݺݰʰһˡ
ԼûҶϤأңⲻǲô


254 Ҫʲô

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С˵ĸ̨ϵĸ͵͵֣ѯۣһҪǮôСһ飬Ź͵һȥˣԥһ£ҧǮһ鳢ʡ
Ҷ뵽֮ǰԭΪС١С׻ϲԣ֪˿죬Ĵߴ£˲ųġ
Ϊǽʡ᲻óԣ֪ǾǾƷѣӾûûп㳦̵ֺóԣҶЪ˼ˡ
С١С˵͵⣬ȻûóԵģοһ͵ҪǮϵʵţⶼ´ˡ
Ҷ뵽ȥǴӿռ﷭һЩʳУ˵ʡǮأ˵ף̫˰
īҶ濴͵룬ֻϲͳǮҪ
Ҫ飬鹻ҪҪҲһ㣿īЩ޸еģҲ˵Ůͬ־ϲЩĶӦҲϲİɣ
ϲԵ𣿡
ḵīЩˣڵû΢˽һŮͬ־ϲʲôҪȻҲ¶ģҪҶãȴֲ֪ôʼ
Ҷ񣬾ͼīָۻԱװ͵⣬ɳҿɲ
ռʲôûУЩԱ˵ѵõζɶҶ˵ûС
οɲʶôҪĶ
ī찡Ҷ治һĹǮˣǮˣۻԱװˣһҶ˵ҪۻԱɫʱЩ
ʳƷ۳Ų˻
´꣬˶İٻ¥Ｗ˲ˣǶģҲЩ˵ţѯ̨ۣΧ࣬ǹʲǮģӦɤӶˡ
һͬ־ռλãȻҪ͵⣬ԼװˣŮͬ־Ȼ˵Ҫʲô˼ˢأ
ۻԱ鲻ˬϾʹˡ
ǳԵĶƱ˾ͲܲҪˡԺҪǳԲ𣬾˵˷Ͷʱ䡣˵⻰ʱۻԱƤܲˬĿҶ棬¡
һ룬ۻԱʹ˸˳ŸоȥͼǮ˵ͬ־ĿԼû˵еۻԱһʲôˣæͷѵװ
Ȼͷû˵ۻԱǲģīĵһۣ˵ٵҶ棬ȴѲйϵĻϣװĶΪֲڣ͵Ͳٶװӵʱв䵽ˣ˷Ѳ˵Եճ塣
һƼ¶ſϧۣҲû˵ʲô˭ҳۻԱҪȻԼʱۻԱô۵ĿɾԼˡ
Ͳúװ𣿡īһװ͵ⶼ˵⣬ͷŪĺ϶ǣڣŪĵǣô԰
һθҶԵģô⣬īŭ֪
īǿ˻еԼҶŻҲΪۻԱûбŵ̧ͷɿĿһֵۣͷ˵͵İ;׹в䵽ûеȥȥһ򲻾ˣҲû˷ѡ
ƱˣǮˣҪҪ
īԣüͷüɿ컮һĨɱ֮Ҫ˵ʲôҶһԣеĿ⡣
Ҷ沢ۻԱ̬ȣʱģ룬ԱգÿŹ̶ĹʣȻʲô̬ˡ
οҲԣȥѿƽϡ
С°һĻĵƤ񰡣ǸŶɩӶúĺţһۻԱȻݹʣúøɻˣֲǲǮ㻹ҶɩӲ
ȻۻԱ˵ˣҶҲûɸīǿСһۣСȻĵһͷ
ī͵ֿ죬ҪĶʱҶֻĿҲ˵ī͹ԹԵĲˡ
ī֤ҡ
ڸīһȽ͵򿪸ҶԵʱҶ濪ˡ
˱ˣīҪ֤СһҪ˵˷ˣҸīҲᣬǿڵҶ档
СǾҶ͸īϵһ㣬˾Ͳ֤ˣ˵֤ˣŶɩӵˣ֤ʲôϵ
ȻףɸīûκԥѸղŸҶ濴֤˳ݸ
ʱ̨ۻԱƳǱ֤п֤ϵʱɫʱһ¡
ʶֵģȻʲô
Щмһ˲þŲɿ̧ͷѸٵĿһ۸īȻ־ʧĵͷһԣҪ㣬ѯۣۻԱӦ


256 Ǵͳ

Ҷû⵽ۻԱı飬С¿ɰһжֹ֪£ȥˡ
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ţɩ˵Ựȥȥ
īȻ֪СǸȥͷ
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Ҷų½Ȼ˳ڵĳƺɵ˸īһۣܺˡ
īҶ˼ԹԵͷʾһʰС£ܸɾľͰС³ˣСôġ
˵Сºܾòˣ飬ҲҪѶľһܿ͸㶨ˡԣС²Ļ겻ɸī顣
Ӧǹ¿ƹܰɣ
ĸأҹ׼û
ͷڰٻ¥ﵱۻԱģٶеϵС¿ɲῴʲôϵأɵĲãˣﶼϹء
СһȦԱ£ܿҵٻ¥ĹΡ
ǸΰɣСҵ칫ңſ˿ˡ
λͬ־𣿡
һӦС¾֪ûҴˣ˳ŴķģҲҴ
ճ£@@ŵġҵ֤С˵ţ¿ڴͳ֤˹ȥ
Ҷῴͻ֣ᷢСµ֤Ƥõĸī֤һģͷְλ֤һѡ
νӹ֤һǴĸӡ֤ʵԣ˵ˣҲû˸ðǣᰤǹӵġ
ҲСɫЩڣ߲ưŲɵĳ亹ЩʵǸͬ־ʲô𣿡
˵Сµְλ𲻸ߣɲͬʱڿɲһҲͬĲҲǲһģСģǸС೤Ҳǵطɲܱȵġ
ȻⱾҲһû취ᲢۣܹǶԵģοҹʲô顣
ģҸղǰٻ¥ĸ̨͵⣬˵һףҲ֪õƱǲﲻܻӭôǲܻӭ˵һͿˣɡ
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ۻԱͺǷǮһ
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ҲûпţۻԱ̬ȵȷԣǮ壬ƾʲô̬ȡ
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ǱJINGϺȫ¶Ʊİٻ¥Ȼֲ½һĲء
Ҳˣվڸ̨ۻԱǹ̿ƳİţҪ
⣬ͬ־ᰡ飬ǲۻԱҵԷģһദúøǸ
С°֣˵Ҳ֪͵⣬ۻԱţģװʱŪǽһ㣬šȿȿȡ
˵һ룬СæڵĿ£ȻּɶͣǮ˶˭ܣǰͷôƴƴģôصطϢʱίأ
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ǰһϲѶǾٹڣֽһҳ˺üģ㲥Ҳһֱ㱨ţ˭@@ŵĹͣ
Ӣ۲ӵίˣǼֱ
ˣһŵ亹ﰵ˸̨ۻԱ
źĳ½æ˵ᣬᣬǵطȻóͬ־ίģǼԵģһദ
С¾ôŸα̬Ҳ˵
˵ţ˵ţСޱ飬ûˡ
ʲôͬ־ҿ죬ǲ
Сһ飬⻰ôôţŶСžȻ˵һţҲ֪ѧģþûˣէһЩ˵֡


257 㶮

˻ˣͬ־ðһ䣬ǲǶ´󸣵ĶӣԽԽúʶˣʵ
һ˵ԼϵСҲһ£Ȼͷԣ´Ұ֡
ǾˡһĴȣ˵ˮˣҺֿͬѧҼҾҸڵļСʱССܳʱһȥأǻỹš
ôһ˵СƺҲеӡôˣһЦݣô˵еӡ󡣡
ˣ㲻ţȥ־֪ˡθˣ˵ϸ»ֺȾţǰվ֣˵ݼٻˣȥⲻȼˡ
С£ǻȻСҲеӡģֻǳȥ꣬ٻǲӡˡ
װֳ㣬ø˻ˣôҲҺһСֺǺǵ˵š
Сµɫº˼֡
䣬Сĵò˵ۻԱأҲ֪ûԩҲ֪Ǹˣһ㲻ƽЩģǲǡ
С֪θղʲôҲûзԼղŵĻ˵ԭҲʲô£ҰֹϵãȥҼ϶Ҳ֪ģҲͲˣݼҲԼģһµļ١
ݼٿнģ˭ôļٵģһȷ
С»˵ˣȻҴţ͵ĲңǺһģȿȡҲͰˣ壬Ҳ˵֪ҵ˼ˡ
ȻСûаѻ˵꣬ɸҲǸɵģ
Ҳ֪кС°ְͬѧĹϵЩϵֲС²Լ˵Щģмֲ̾ϳ»Ǻøôһöӡ
Ҷ˼ף㲻ö˵飬һãд󣬱Ҫദһ˻˰ٻ¥Ϊǲӵ
壬Ҳ̫ţþͿˣǡȿȣͷأҾȳȥˣпյҼˣٺ
һ˻ˣֺǺǵãУҹȥ
Сͳȥ˵ûиŹȥɸҲԶԶĿСߵһߴͦΣŭǰԿСµϴų羴һȥС¼ʶӼ
Сƺо˸εߣŤͷһһ֣ο˳Сµ߿ֻɨһۣζõľġ
ۻԱûСº͸֮Ļһ۸εķŤͷôʱ䣬ˣ˿ǹ̿ƵĿƳŲء
īɨһС£ʣˣ
СµͷҡͷҰֵͬѧϵаɣҶûϳ˰ϳġ
īţҲû˵ʲôҶȥæŵӸϡ
һСµıӰ룬½ã֪ûжԼŮöʮ꣬Ҳ
뵽ξ;ؼҺͰһ£˳Ů˵һðÿһ·
ʱϳ¼ȥʱҲ˳Ű˺Ůһ𣬱Ͼϳ¼ϲ£ƾϳµĹϵ߶Ҳ֡
ۻԱһˣһ㵣ҲûˣطֲһǲҲܲͷ
ۻԱûеãûú󣬸һ̨ȥȻ칫ңְˡ
ֱӿģβֵ̫ѿˣҲǸˡ
ԼûµģէһҪԼְ̬ǿӲһĿռ䣬ۻԱɵˡ
ΣƾʲôҪҴְҷʲôˣ
㷸ʲôԼҪһһظ𣿡
ҹ棬ҡ
ۻԱĻڸδһμЦ£˵ȥˡ
ΣɱˣҰ˿ǡ
֪δۻԱĻ㰮ˣҲıģ㻹Լְһ㣬ѾǸˡ
̬ȣۻԱ￴ɲҪְûţ
˵ۻԱתؼңҪͰ˺ú˵һ˵ƾʲôҲûʲôҪ˹⹤ǰ˺òŪģŸꡣ
뿪ʱۻԱԼĸλվűˣɵĵһۡ
ɵƲ죬Ȼû˵Ҳ֪Сܿ϶ǷˣǸɻģĸڣĸڡ


258 

һĿ죬ȥҲ졣
ҶһͣˣҲͲڰٻ¥ˣиīͳ½ڣûʲô˼ˡ
ҸʲôҶƳһεĿڡ
һʼӰٻ¥īҲһҶ沢û˵ʲôϾ·ҵģܲߣʡͼݵķ˺üˣ˻š
īҲתС±ҲתģûˣֻڨڨĿɵЦţĵŲʣɸҲûпڣ͵֪¡
Ҷǳ˳飬ûīҸʲô
ôôûûƤģ
ȥղС²ڣҶҲûк˵ʲôػؾҪʲôҪøīơ
Һ㲻졣ֲǲʶ·ʲô͵ģοɲ졣
СںӣĵɩӻأȻ͸˵ûôӣԼԺҶöעⷽ⣬ܷˡ
棬ҡīЩ޴룬˵ʲôһʱֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻ޹Ŀ
ҶûбīԻ˹ȥۺϾĿʵҸʲôʱ򣿡
Զ
ڸī߲ĳʱ̻Ǳȥˣֻǣ뷨ڸīＫΪᶨ
ˣˣҶ˵ţҲܸīʲô飬תߡ
Сɻʲôˣ
ô
ɩôҪŵӣ
ѵղԼڵʱ򣬸˵ʲôǵɩӸˣ
СҲûȥ롣
ＫΪΣ̫˲ˡ
ԭΪ˶ܿ޳֪УҪ취а취Ҫ͵ĸƫƫڸƵƵ⡣
ôбµˣôɩ취ûأ
Īǳ˵Ӣѹ˹أһʲôţ˵Ŷˣ֣ΪָᣬԼɩӣеӢģҲùԹԵıָˡ
СһпյţȻŷ֣ҶѾǰ˼ףǵĸҲȥˣҲϽȥ
Ҷ˵͸ī壬Ϊղøī֤ʱٶǮ
ȻȲռʯļ۸񣬵ͷٿɲ٣ľ·Ǯ˳㸶͵Ǯ
͵ҶûҪīһֱţɵԭǸģҶ͸ɴһǮϡ
֮ǰڰٻ¥ǰīռˣ˵ģɻҶǰӣīצӾͲܺúõ¡
ûмƽϣѾǿڿռʯˡ
ҶǮʱīæҵҪҶֺȣûע⵽ҶĶҶ滹֤ʱҲǳøīæûʱԣḵīûзʲô
īһԲĸҶ治͵Ƴһۣʵ㵽
īǻһЦݡ
ңȥ˾ߡֻ֪ס
Ũüۣü絶棬˫䣬ϢŸζüЦʱԵƦƦģЦʱԵЩ޺Ŀɰ
ҶҲû취ϲڲסΣյϢ
壿
Ųأ
ͷôã˵ˣôõ顣
īﰵԶġ
ҲҪͣҶͣ½ŲŸīͬ־֪ΪѾճɺܴ𣿡
Ҫףһ˵ĸֱһ㡣ҶҲܸīʲô飬ֱ˵һˣ˸ңúҾҪˡ
Ҷ֪īݣܹܲϣӦǲϲ鷳ģҲ֡
ҡû˼ɸīżҶ棬þôǰʧ
ֻǣҪţ᲻ãīΪˡ
뵽С¾󣬸īɳһۣʾС취
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ҪǱ飬īҲͲָСˣ׵һϲˣ֮ǰżȻСº˴ţڵ֮ǰŮͬѧϲǸīȻҪСӵġ
ī֪СЩǴţһἱͶҽˡ
С±ɷץץԴ鲻ѣţɩӵƢ˽ⰡʲôӣɩһǺҪϾϵѽ
ңҡС»ظīһҺΪѵı顣
ûã
īһС²ãֻӲͷƤҶĿУڣ棬Ǿ˳·


259 

˳·ƨ֮ǰô˵ⶼһ·ˡҶ濴Ÿīǻƽȥ
飬û㵢飬㲻Ҫҡ
֮⣬ȥҪ浽ȥ棬ҿɲ㡣
īҶ棬ЩίûеҰҾ֪סҺһת뿪ֺþúþö
ȿȣС£֮ǰ˵ҪȥţȻѯʵĻɸīҪСҳһʵӲҲҪҵ֡
СԣӲͷƤ룬ȻΣͻȻϲĿڣţǰʡͼˣС֮ǰ˵ҪȥͼţǼȻˣȥҲ뿴Сõǵͼʲô
ȥͼʲôǽǿ顣ҶƲ죬ҲòСº͸īϾ˽ڶҳˣͼҲңܲȥɡ
īƳСһۣʲô⣬ҪȥͼСԼȥڿû˼ҪҶ棬͵ң֪סˡ
Ȼīǲ͵͵ţҶ棬Ȼǲĵ֪ס˵ġ
Сһīı飬Ҳ֪ԼⲻУɩҪϸţһʱ֮뵽취Ѿܲˡ
Ȼ˵ĺãŮ˾ǲöԸ
ûɩһŮӣѾһ侲Գ֣սûԹĸ޲
ȻС³ⲻУҶֻǰһۣû˵ʲôǸīҲֻܵͷȴ룬һҪҶƫͼݵ·ԼԶȥͼݵ飬ͼݵСµãֲġ
ͼǸīãҲøīıҶĴġ
ͼݾǰͷˣҶһԼʱҲൽˣٺ͸īѿֻ࣬ɨ˸īһۣ˵תĿĵȥ
īȻǸϵģС¾͸˵ˡ
ȻīţҶⲻҲǰߣͶϵߡ
īû뵽Ҷ棬һ·һֱڵԼҶ²õӡ뵽֮ǰСռıˣīȲΡ
ôǾˣåɣ
ҡ棬ҡīԥĿڣ֮ǰǹġ
Сں治ԶҲ⻰ͬĵͷӺɷ죬Ȼ֪ˣúúɩӵǸͿˣɲܱŲͷ
СΪīΪòϵҶ棬ȻҲ˵Ǹȴ֪īΪڰٻ¥ǰǸ
Ҷֻ˸īһۣû˵
¶˵ţҪ˵
īò˵꣬ȴҶƺһﲻ˳֪ƢԴ󣬿ƺҪиѺء
Сһɲаô׾ģǺɩҪֵˡ
УԼбҪԼҸţ뵽ССĿڣɩӣŵˣҲǹⲻϵģ˻£òѹҲûԺŤ˶ҪԺ㵣ģ㡭
С˵̫죬īѹֹǳ˳飺ô죬С¶˺ݺݵĲ
Ǵ˵еѰɣ
УϺȵ
ѹ֪ԼڸīϺȵǸС»һһ˵š
ɩӣڸղż֮ǰŸ첲ǰ̶أ㵣ģŶǶժˡ
С¸оīߣ͵͵ƳȥʾţʱӦϿưɲҪʲôӺѪԼ˵ĿɩӲŻǡ
ʲôˣʲôԣ
ҶһĪ㸵īˣԣʲôϵ
ī£Ǿ͸ûйϵˣԵʱûдԽء
ɩӣ֮ǰ˵ҪȥԺţ㶼֪ſɸˡ
ҪɩӣҺ͸īʲôϵûС
Ҷ⻰СֱŤҶͻȻ뵽ʲôסˡ
һС£ֿ˿īЩϴˣҲԼðݵǹʶˣ
ҪȻһͺɩӵģҶȷԼʶī˵ʲôϵˡ
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Ҳ԰Ҷ϶ϵŮһֱڹⳤʲôʱڵˣ
Ҳ˵׼͵͵ʶһֱż
Խ룬ҶԽͷҪݵǰࣿ
ˣȥˣͱ˵ˡīСҪĻ
ԼҸŲ˵Сֻü̾Ϣţô㣬ɩԺˣʱ򲻼ӴҩֱͣˣʵǡðɣҲ֪Ӧôˡ


260 

ûСµľᣬīע⵽Ҷһ·䣬ǿ
棬ǲҲȥͼݣ
ʰգī룬ѵסǸ
Ҷԣһǰͷͼݾǰ߲Զ˿īûӦķѾ˵һС
īƳСһۣĵ벻СӾȻɶˣѵǰܵľ飿
С֮ǰī˽ƣᷢ־ȻײҶĿĵأϱŵĸо϶ʱԾһĨ
ߵĿ󣬾ϵıҲûбī˵ǰһЩҶˡ
īС¸Ҷ洩Ҷĺ˴кȻĳͣ
ֿҶİ칫ȥī⣬ѵϰࣿ
ǰͷСż֡칫СһɿīʵţҪȥ
īҲԥСһ±ѯͳ֤ҸڣʲôļĽڶû⣬ٸţǻĹɣ
ڴʱ
Ҷڸͺ칫Ĺǰͣ£תĸīڣҪԼȥǱ߿顣
ٽиīˣϾ˰˾ҪԣҶɴȥҪҲ׵ĺܡ
Ҷ涼ˣī᲻ͷ󣬾ͼҶ洩
˵Ůɲ㿴ɩǱĬĬжˡСԼҲĶڲļӸС
ҶҪ֪СԲһ̲סҪ˵ġīǽĬĬǽкƤɣ
ĽīⷭһС飬Ŀ⿴ǵҶղŴȥȡ
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˭Īıһʶϣ˭Ҫ־ı֮ɣ
ԼҶǲǲҪĳå
תתīû˵ҶʵһμϾ֮ǰһֱСΪҶǶš
ʣʰôʡСһǸŲȷģΪǱˣæοţɩӲˣžˣʲôʵġ
˵ͷ˭ҹӶᳳܣС²ǸŻˣ˵ˣɩˣҲ²ȥ쳳ܣ²ȥִǡ
ɩҲЩĵø
С⻰īˣһۣû˵
һ󣬸īֿˡ
С±ڿһ廭С飬̧ͷϸϸƷζīĻЩƣʲôԺ˵Щ߰飬ˡ
ôԼΪ˰︵Ÿɩӽ
˲䣬С֣ǸŰX飬ϿӲˣޣ˵ˣӦǹӲŵļӸС
Ҷ治ȡϰˣҲ˺üţ˼£˼ݱ֤Ҳӡ
ϵ֣Ҷⷭһ飬ϿƵĿԱȷȡĲǩ֤ŰѲл뿪
ʱ

ͳһŮͬѧп˽ĸīһŲߣʵ飬ǲ֪ͼݰ
ͷ֪
ֵĿһԼͬѧ֮ǰ˵˵ģôôʡ
ֲء
ʲôֲã鲻⡣
Ǳ߿ˣС
ŮͬѧĻû˵ָ꣬ķȥܱ̽Դֻ΢һ£Ϳڽˡ
սϴĸīСϵϢȱͺͳ˲һڽҲڸסϵϢοԼҴϤˣԸīǼΪģȻһӾҵˡ
īУͶ䵽ϵߣһ¾͸оˣ̧ȥСµãе
ƿߣīֿǵСţһʱ俴Ҷ
īоˣСȻҲûһۣԼǹ̽ͷ̽Եģ˵ͼݿôǶزص͵ûûصġ
һԼˣˣע⵽Լı鲻ԣ˳ĶԼͬѧ˵Ҵ翴ˣǹȥɡ
ǲҪ˰ɣǹأǾͲҪȥˡȳĿģСǲԸʲôпˣֻгһ̽ͷû¶֡


261 һҲʵ

СҲ֪ͳֻһ飬鱻͵Ҳˡ
ǿͱչȥ°С³ϼȻǲԸȥġ
ʲôͼʲô飬ǿ𡣡飺ҲҵĲˣһҴһȥ·Ҳи顣
飬˰ɡСɫЩõ˵˵һûҵء
ңȹȥ˵꣬Ҫȥȴ֣Լ͸īƺҪ뿪ͼˡ
īһҶСŹվСȻԾİѸղҳʱȥˡ
С»ʱðѹסѵ˵ͼݽôģʲô
͵͵˵ģҲ֪ѧģҲø֪Լʲô룬ҪȻٶ˵ʲôⶼеġ
ûıԼѵˣЩί磬ôһңһҲǰˡ
ԼãίСҲۣ˻˵ǴҪ㣬ѵ֪ղ͵͵ӱ˿𣿺˼ҵĹ˭̽ͷ̽Եģο
ײ˵ֱ̫ףСֻε˵ˣԺ󷽷ģҪ˿ġ
ŴԼǲģ˿˵׼ˣ΢ڶ£ǼҾ鷳ˡ
Ҳɵ⻰һ븵īݣҲ׹ˣɫһף磬ҲɶҲǹģҾС˵ǣҾ̽ͷһ¶ѡ
֪СӦգע⵽īѾ߳ˣǶúÿɣûؼңˡ
磬ҪȥﰡּۿסԼֱۡ
˵飬Сʡ
Ʋ죬ҲŲСء
Ҫȥ뵽Լͬѧ飬ŤͷȥüСԼæָָŵķʾҪߡ
ҪҪߣ
Сϵѯʣԥһ£Ƿ飬ͷ
С׷ȥʱ򣬾ͼīһŮͬ־˵ʲô½վڼԶ
Ҷ滻·Ǵӱ󣬳СһʱҲ֪֮ǰµˡ
СһԼúͬѧͼѧϰǳЩֵĿۡ
ôˣ
磬ǣ͸絽ʲôСߵԼߣһ߿˸īķһʵ
ͼݵ˵ȻҲͲѹˡ
Ǻ˵ˣ˵飬СӲҪúѧϰôС˵ţӿڴͳһֽݹȥ
ţҸġСȻŸīתƣǼȻ˰ٻ¥Ͳ˴Ӧõ飬ԣһĴǡ
ǰװ򵥣ֻһŴõֽȴǸ߼ǹһҪء
ҲСнƽвǮ˼⣬ϻһЩģø򣬻ˣ嶼ճԺʮˣỨǮһǡ
һ۾һæ˹һ˵ǣлл硣
һԵСԿһۣ۾ЩĽҲд磬綼ȡϱˣңҲûôǮôǡ
鵹ҲûԼͬѧץ˼ССҲԡ
Сһ£Ҳûпɵĵл󣬲һţŵ̵ζһӾͰѿǻ
ҶҲĻˣԭģֻ˵ɰɡ
ԼӺ󣬸īҲһͺ֪һ۾һתһֽЦ첽߹ȥ磬ͦġ
Сһʱ죬Լþ͹ȥˣ
ղɩ˵лҪ͸˵ûдȥģþôȥˡ
޷Сֻǰȥ
һС˿ԥһ£Ҳ˹ȥվĿһЩɻΪʲôһҲʲôأ滹զզģ
һסڳǳϼôһЩȻҲͲˡ
˵ţһīѾǰˣɾ磬ôˣ˵˻𣿡
ĻҶɨ˸īһۣеӡ󣬺֮ǰīǲǹ˸̶ֱ۵Ĳţʱժˡ
ȻժǾⲻ
ֻǣҶɨ˸ī֣֮ǰһ󣬲Ť˶֣ӣҪ˲ʵɣ
СɰǿдֿԴңдǧ¼鼸飬ǻΪȵĺԹȥġ


262 ī

īмҶζߣͻȻЩֲڵ
Ҷһ룬ƾүøīʵŽѵġ
ֻŤˣҲ̫ˣ
С¼״æڣɩӣŲǹûڵһʱȥ㣬ˣ㵣ģȥġ
īڳʱЩѿһСظ֮ǰĻһۣûĻ˵ˣ
֪Ҷ浭ڣ֮ǰ˵ˡ
ҶòϵʱҲˣˮڣȻ˷ҪǿӲоˡ
ڿҶʱסˣԼҶĳƺǾ㶲ѡ
ɩӣ
Ϊ̫죬Щ񣬲˵Ҷ͸īˣСҲüͷ
磬ŮˡŮͬ־󣿡
СһԣһĻﰵ⣬ôıô֣ѵϲ磿
ûīͷȴǲҿҶ棬ĽѾԤҶķϲˡ
Ȼ˵˸īж󣬿û뵽ôˣһĹһ˲䣬֮ǰҪҶ·ʽ·뷨ûˡ
磿ҶųĳƺЦţɸī֪ΪʲôȴûЩ飬æ͵СµãһСҲǲģұ곤һ硣
ŶҶ浭㲻úҽͣҺҲ죬󡣡
СԱţһãɩⲻʲôɡ
ɩӾŵûֳʲôǸ̫ˡ
ôһ룬СæЦһ߽ܣһ߽ˣɩӣҽһ°ã顣飬ǸŵĶ󣬿ɩӡ
ȻСʵµǸŵùˣ͸ùˣиʽǨŭš
ɲҪСȻˣȻС²ǸŻ
û취ܵУûϵĽˣȻҶҲϡɩӾˡ
Сûע⵽ԼõƳվһԵСҲҶɩӣõͬѧǸղžͼ￴š
֮⣬Ҹղſû˵ѡ
СҲû뵽֮ǰ׷ҪµŮͬ־ǳϼĶ
ĵĴ˼Ҷ棬͵͵ķɿĿһ۸īСźܿջĿ⣬˳ĶÿЦüģ⣬ʱȴһ˵ĺܡ
ȻīûЦСʱҲīҶʱı飬Ͽûа䣬üһǿˡ
С˵꣬ŷԼڷüͷһ£ֿڣ飿ʲôأ˰
ôôûò꣬ǲǰ߻ˡ
鱻ԼţԸĿںһɩɩӡ
ҶΣ͸īûʲôϵǾͱϹˡ
˵꣬ÿԶҶ۾һҲܼʲô飬߹·ְѳͣ˾ȥˡ
Ȼˣīû׷Ҷ֪Ҳò˶ãͻˡ
ͻľٶ˶ӦС¿һ۸īѯʣţ
ôû׷ȥ
īǲ׷ܸоҶѾڱԵˣٸţһᷭġ
Ȼȥɣе¡īʻ룬ֶ£ſڡ
СȻԼļƻˣ
СҲ֪Լڣ鲻㣬ҲûиţͷӦ£ȴȥ
һԼĲɵģʧǵӣС²ü飬㵽ô£
С͵͵˵ϲǸˣ֪ж󣬶ôƯ㣬Ȼˡ
֪֪СҲ˵СѯʵߣæҡͷʾԼҲ
ûʲôӦţֽҲû
С´뿪󣬸ī½ͼݣͳ֤ʱŷֺȲԣһס
ȻΪٶǮԼģҶ棬û֤ԣǮŵɡ
뵽Ҫ֤Ϊ˷Ǯ뵽֮ǰ˵壬īץץԴЩͷۣǱʾҪǮ壿
ܿ죬īͲˣû˵ʯȥģԣǮ
£īʹԪʡͼݴҶĻϢ
ԭԪޣƽǹĸ˫
īƺҶΪʲôһǧ֮ˡ
ȻīһֱҶѾ飬֪ǵδʱһġ


263 

û취ƾīݣҪѣҶعȡϵģ֤λ֤ʲôУ΢һܲ鵽ˣοӡ̡
˿̣īʡͼݵĹݳ칫ֱȲ衣
ҶƽǵͼݹҪ뿪֪ĹݳǾͱ뵽칫ҺȲˡ
һҶĹʣīҲûоܾ
˼䣬īĿڣϾ˽£Ҳϣ֪ҴҶµϢ
ףףţǹͼӲ칤˳㵽ȱѡʮݳЦ顣
Ȼ⻰˵ǮǣǿīҲ֪ȻˣҶˣȻ˵ȥġ
С·뿪ֻʣС´ûؼҡ
ĸһ˻ɴȤ飬һ
Ҳûҡ鲻ĵš
ĸſŮˣЩֵʵôˣ۸ˣ
黹û˵С¾һԺԩҿû۸
ĸȻҲǿЦģ֪ԼĸȻżг죬ȴҲһమοϴȥûڼ죬Եܵøǰ۸
۸ң״Ƶ˵ţԼ
۸ˣôãҲŰ͸һԣǶŮôĺɩӣʲôɩûн飬̸̸˵ܿͷˡ
СҲû⣬ͳĸ˵˼䣬ͽϰȥˡ
ˣôһ˻ţأĸŽݵСʵ
е飬ҾȻˡ
һīĸһ
ʵҲˣīɻС¼ҪߣҲ᲻ǡ
Сҳ¸ʽٻ¥ε飬Ȼеӡ󣬵ǡ
ȻˣҲµĻݷ˶Ȼĸ
֣иͬѧڰٻ¥Σ԰ɣ
´󸣲ԼôΪҪйϵʲôͷԣͬѧҹϵ⼸Ҳһֱ
ôǲҪ´󸣾ãԼҪĿԲߣԼǸţʲôҪѡ
ǣҽ͸ȥ˰ٻ¥Ȼ󡭡С°ڰٻ¥飬򵥵˵һ¡
½ûһҲһԵͷ͵ٻ¥ǵۻԱȷ룬ϴСȥ㣬Ҳǳ˺ôһ
С£ҲĹ֪ǸͰֵͬѧˣ˵˹ᵽһˡ
´󸣺͸߶ϵͲԼ⻰Ҳû룬˵ǵ׼¾Ʋˡ˵ʱǸ廹Сţǻᰡ
Ҳû£С¾ͺͳ½һԼϰ˵ǰ顣
īس¼ûã¼ҾͿˡ
мڣСҲѯʣŸŵı֪Ѿˡ
ĸûԼŮ첻ԾҲû룬ΪǽͬѧֱŤѧҵʲôġ
ʱʹǳ鲻˵ʾҪۣĸҲֻգΣŮҳ˼ԽѲˡ
ϣ鲻֮ǰԾĬĬĳŷֻǿƲסīƮȥ
ûһǸʲôȥˣ
ѵ׷ȥˣ
һţһ͵͵ĿŸīһѹ
ʱҶС١С׳Իء
ţףƺõţ⣬һЩţ⣬зī衢㹽衢Ϻţ衢ǧҳ˿ȣǳԵͷ󺹡
СԺյʱ򣬺ܶණյˣ֮ǰ½Ȼ͵ĻͭҲû£µĻͭǻʮŹҵȯʮǮġ
ҵȯıֵˣõĹҵȯҲˣͬĻ֮ͭǰʮŹҵȯڵǶŹҵȯ
ҲҶ湤ߣҵȯҲ֮࣬ǰҲôã㹻ˡ
㣬úó԰С١˵꣬ˡ
С׿һ۵ܵܣһ԰ҡͷܵԽԽСӵģˣ֮ǰϳɵĺܡǰС׵ȻϲܵģЦЦ־֡
ȻһҶĻش
ϲҲòٳ԰ǼסҶ棺ߣס
С١ҡͷ㣬׷
׷Ȼϸܱһı˲ǡ
ˣͳҵȯøȥͭԼȥٻʱһѶȻͰˢԡ


264 Ԥ

Ҫ˵ʳƽ㶼ͷɾһֱ⣬Լֲôԣ඼Ƕˡ
Ҷ濴С١һۣЦЦû˵
ʲô˵㣬ҪٳԻҲʲôġ
㣬ǲʲô˵ˣС١ûס˳
ҶڼϺֶһ£ҡͷûС
˵꣬תƻĿСףʵСףϰôûΪ㣿
ûСԴһҳ˿ͷһ¾ͱˣȻû˵ʲôСԸо˵ʲôĸоˡ
˵ٺǰкҲһЩ
ǰйҵˣҲĺͽǸС֪ôһ£ֻ֪ǰһ˭˵ĻӦ䡣
ԼһˣС׵ȻҪܸҶ鷳ˣҶ㲢Щ鷳
ҵʦ˵ˣٹһʱܳʦתʽˡСԥһ£ǰ˵ˣȻҲûôתʽϾһʱǶã˭Ҳ
ͦõģúøɣʲô뷨˵ˡʽĹҪѧͽĹʶ壬ҶǲģҲ֪ʽҪȵѧͽĺá
磬Ҫǹ˰ɣС١ĵʵ
СЦͷתʽͻǡʰչʼߣ˼Ȼˡ
̫ˣС١˵֣ĻýٻһЩǮˡ
ʵҶ沢֪ڵʱС١С׳Եĺܼ򵥣³ⶼС
С١С׾ãǰõ̫ˣһͣԵϸ·ĲҲˮ⣬زҲ⳴ʳˮǰҲġ
ȻҶû˵Ҳ֪ЩѲ١
סһ飬һ̨ԷǳԴҶԼϸԣ˻Ҷ治ڵʱԣҲǸһθڡ
ֻǣǳԵĴҲϸϸɸѡЩϸһǰŲĲͷõ̫ˡ
ͺɣСǰС١ҲǲҳӳԵģ˵Ǽǵζ㹽ţʲô·ˡ
ҶֻﲹʳģżȷԵ治ʮ֪ڵʱԶĳԴ
ôǮˣҶǸС١ÿëǮǮġ
С١ʱϲؼҳ緹ԼԵġ
ҪëǮģС١ҪҶҲëǮˡ
˵ҶڳԴִŵģܶණǿռ﷭ġ
ԵľͲ˵ˣÿĶʣµС׺С١˿㰡ⰡʲôģռŪġ
·Ь͸˵ˣҶ沼ƱҲû˶һ˽ٻ¥īģ·С׺С١ģռģԣҶûʲôǮ
һµĻʱҲʮǮɣ⻹ǰˮѣһЩӰ˵Ķ
û취ʱ򣬾ǮҲûطȥٻ¥ЩҶܶ඼ϣϾռУ˻˷ˡ
ûѽС١һæҡͷ
Ǯһֱûء
ǲϰˣС١ϲ֣Ǻ£Ҷ浱ȻֹңʱС١Ҳǳдαš
С١ûлشС׾һĵĽӻҶ㣬С١˼㹻ʱˡ
С١ΪʲôͻȻоһɲԤС
д顶ʦ˯ǰҿ
ҪС١һ۵ģΪҶͻҪûɣС١ֻͷһ£͹ԹԵͷá
֪ʡһʲôˣȻ㲻˵Ǹоˡ
ʱ򴩵Ҳǳȥʱ򴩵·ȻŪʪˣС١ǾЩ˵ĸо
СҲ˲ԾܵҪʣҡһͷ
˵Ҷ˵ģȻҶ㲻Ը˵ֻķ
С١ҲףǲʣԹԵĳο㣬һһֱģҺ͸һֱŽġ
áҶЦЦ۾һתЦݴһλĶ磬ڵ
ҪҸҲףʦ顣
С١
ֻҪҶܽ˵ֻ߱飬ǳʮ飬ʮ飬С١Ҳûжġ
Сʰˢϴ룬С١ԹԵĸҶ˻裬ҶűС˵ʱԼóϰʼдʦ


265 

ΪʲôҶҪС١дʦ˵Ϊǰϰʱ򣬿ֽϣ˵ĵʣ˵Сڱ
ҶһС١Ҳʮ˰ʱΪҳҪԼҺӳ˵ʹС
ȻҶ治ϣⲻһĶȤζѡ
ϲС١ɰС¶Ȼεı飬ֵҪ¡
类īֵЩɿС١ɵӣҶɢ˲١
С١һ߳飬һ͵͵Ҷ棬㶼ҳһûзˣ¡
Ҷ͸оС١Ĵ̧ۿȥײջĿС١û㿴Ҹʲôҳ񡶳ʦ
ҳˣдġҶ汾뷣רĵС١ҲģҲС١ǵȻˡ
ԲҶĿռʯط䷭ſռʯˡ
ռʯԿռߺ󣬶ϵҲôƫƫҶܲڣſռʯо˰죬ȴʲôҲˡ
ǲ֪ǲǴܾãռʯ¹£ƺ͸һЩ
Ҷ海ĿռʯʱС˵ĸīһ£ȻоĿ죬ȥҲ죬ɸīǱͻļ¸ŪĻƺʧȥʲôһ
ţôˣСۼīͻȻѯʡ
ī񣬿Сһۣҡͷû¡
ԼҲ˵ȻȻû취Сģοܶ飬ֻԼ֪
С±ҪһҶôīҪô죬һɫЩãǻ߻ȥˡ
ҪԼ졣
һתۣȥˡ
īԴѿסҶ󣬾ûڹֻʶöѡ
߶ЯҾãڼȻǺͳ´ĵĳ첻ѡ
īС´֪С¼ˡ
Сڳ´󸣵Ľ´кīҲòĵͷк¼͵Ůͬ־īϰԵɨһۣȷûκΣԣûжᡣ
īѾС¼ס죬С¼ҲΪ˿ҪīܿǸԸ˽ܸīϾиīڣ¼Ҹӡ
Ǹ߶Ůְֵ֪뷨ԿСº͸īܿʹӳ¼˵ϳСЦֵĺк
ڸī᲻ǺĿۣٿˡ
֪֮īˣݵλҲߣīˣģҲղˡ
С¾ͲһˣŵԣʶҲԶˣҲ㣬СһֱЦǺǵģһ;ÿġ
ǰڴ죬ī࣬ÿһζ˵ϣ´󸣿߶е;ηʱȿ˷ܡ
ƣԼô˵£ɼҲǸģҪѧֱ£Ժ󻹻á
ڸ߶ɫĳ޸īСºͳ´󸣶֣СǾǸűôҫۣȻˣ´󸣱ԸīҲǾηмӵģˡ
ϣƱյò֡
ž⣬߶΢һЩŴŵӿڡ
ţʵǲ˼ǰǰٻ¥
ī鶼ȥˣ˵ˣβǴ𣬲⣬Ҳϵġ
Ȼīûп⣬Сڣ벻֪Ҳѡ
˼߶ˣΪԲϣûдá
߶һЦŵͷһԼǵϸֻƺ̫һЩǰ쵹ỹţĪĳˡ
ǣǣţҹڵˡ߶Ц˵
߶֪־µģһŵĻ궼ûе˴ʱڷøīģҲҶˡ
ϸߣǺһڸ߶ʱϳ¾ٱк
߶ȻܾҲæƱȻǺͬѧ֪Χ
ҶǾľϤˣֻǼˣҲû˻žͶԸī˵Ǻעִ硣
СҲ߶ԸīľηﰵЦȴо˿Լ˳߿ȥĵĿԼ
û뵽Լ͵ᱻСץУɵĲ˼Ҳߺˡ
С±ֵģһҲŲ˼
īһпһƣʶҶҪ磬ڿСµĸ˴Ҫˡ
뵽Ҷ뿪ԪǰĻī͸ˣôͶûаӡء


266 ûпɱ

층īԪûȥƽǣҲҶϢ˽Ĳˡ
ûƽȥһǸīûҪôҹȥе鵢ˡһС¶Ҫˣīζ֪
ԵĲʱûˣ߶򷢸ȥС¶˵͸ȥˣǳ´󸣺͸߶һۣЦЦ⡣
ȻһĴľƣʱīѾԵĲںȲˣϾͷҲſˣҪȻҲˡ
ڶ죬īСûţΪ԰԰ˡ
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īЦЦʲô飬Ҿȥɩӣٲȥ治Ҫˡ
⻰ī˵ĺΣϵıΡûûӣСҲҶ̬ˣīȻҴš
СһЦ˵ɩǰѸųԵģǵһμ¶ôεıأǰԣʦͣãҲû˹֡
С¿ɲǸôãɩӻ᲻ҪˣƾίƢѣ˱ˣûϢ綼̸¶󣬽ȥ˰ɣ
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267 ֵĺʱ

֪ȻӦˣɸīֳˣ治֪ҶϲʲôأҲ֪ǲǲʶԵʣ䵭Ϳܡ
ղ԰԰ڣīĨǵ˼䣬ţ;ãЩҶ治ϲģƺʲôģʲôġ
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ˣ㲻֪ϲʲô㻹ǲ͸ɡ
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ǵӰƱˣԼڴȥġ
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ȸīߺһᣬС²ź֪ţ㻹˼˵Ͳ֪ɩϲʲôҲɩӻˡ
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ҶһɨòԶиͬûʲô߶ˣҶ۵׻һĨ⣬Ųӿ죬˾ͽȥˡ
˺ͬҶŷ֣ͬòЩ죬ԽԽϤʱҶǳ˳飬ãӣ︽ľҪ½Ȼһѯˡ
ϾһˣҶź˻ûнʱ򣬹صֵͲ˹սǴ
ˣͬһûҶӰͬҲģγϵذ
Сĵ㣡
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һҲɱˣЩƺϲȥ


268 

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¾͹ҶϣīˮԼϣɫ·ڱвסĵˮȻû˵ʲôɫɭ䣬ͬɱһ㣬ҹиԺˡ


269 ֶ

Ҷ濴ŸīƳһۺͬ˳ưԴڸīļͷ۾
ˮڣ񶼱ץˣ֪ʲôŬָԼɡ
īٶƺתǻֱӱСݡ
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īᳵ·ģҶƹֵֿڣܿ죬صסĵط
С׺С١ڽĵҶ棬ҪðȥͼǽˣȴһߴƿԺŽٶһﱧһˣҹҵҶ档
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΢һȴҲ
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Ҷ濪ڣīɨС١һۣ죬ûû˵𣿡
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֪ΪʲôμΪһܷɣй֮޲ǲһŻѪѡ
ͻȻҶɱ˺ͷǽ뿪ˣ˳ֵĻᡣ


270 

û£￴Ž㡣˵ʱС١Ŀһ۸īķ
˺ΣգΣգŲŽ˵ദ
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īһֱߵĽ裬ٿһСףﻮʲôҲûпڣרĵĿҶ档
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Ҿɶе롭ˣСɰҡ


271 һҲ

ðˡ䣬ҶԼȴ˸硣
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С׵ͷīϴּȥ룬ڣҶ㣬ȥλͬ־·
š
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īϵ·ʪ͸ˣдʰҲûø·Ҷ淢ˣȻҪȥʰġ
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ңǾ鷳ˡīܾҲ֪ᴩĶ̴û취ûֹ
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ҶЦһ·ʲôû˵īͰˣвϤ·ǻûˡ
ȻҶҲ֪ī⻰˵С١Сģûв𴩵˼װлĿڣīлл㣬㣬ڻ֪ء
īƽǵʱĵˣдס£ڳ΢תת˽һ·ͻͻдˡ
׼ڶҶ棬֪ԹһֱŻŵģôҲס
꣬ŴǺҹĲ˺ƺҪʲô뵽Ҷ棬ǾʹԱ³ˡ
Ҳ֪ǴſռʯһʱԵʣ˳ĸоߣÿһͬȥǲԸģ˵Ϊģ͵һۣҲĸ˽ȥ
û뵽ҶںͬīҶʱÿҪҲ룬γϵذףǱҶˣû»ڡ
ڳֵʱ򣬸ī֪˲лĻᡣ
˭֪Լ֣ƺɱ¾ıܺͼŴδսεΣдҲճ˲ѣһֻԲ飬ֱҪ
īңˣΪдûͬȥô


272 ʵһ

ԺָɱĳҶ汼ȥĻ棬֪Ҷ治޸֮ɸīǾһĻޱȡ
ʬ帵īûпȴ˵Ҷߣ·Ҳʹһ䣬ʲôûзһ
ҪǱСµ֪һøī˾Ƿˡ
Ҫ֪±شǸī׼
˭ûīȻԼһ׼򣬾īԼû뵽
ǻᣬīһͷǴҶ뿪뿪ǲȫĵط
īԴҶ˷ԸС׺С١ˮһϵչҶ£ģ˲û̫ᡣ
ҪҪٳһ㣿
ҶʰգīҡͷҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
СŪ˵ģһ£Ҷ治һҲԲ¶ˣֵʳ֪ζĽ⡣
ڼ䣬ҶϢīһԡ
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ڣīҶ˵ʲô㡣
ҲС١ڡ
ЦŰ˵࣬οڣʲô֪أôҶһ
СȻû˵ϵıҲ˵һС
īҪ˵
㡭С١һæҶ棬ʾط˯ڡ
ʲôܵĻطϢҶ룬ûҪ͸ī˵ĺãǶС١ڣС١Ǹʰʰϴϴм仰Ҫ͸ͬ־˵
Ҷ淢ˣС׵ͷתС١ԭأЩεһѣ߰ɡ
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С١СһѭѭҶһůЦӦá
С١ٳ֮ǰͷĿ˸īһۣʵһ㣬ҪǸ۸ҽ㣬Ҫÿ
īǳ˳飬Сʲô˼ѲΪԼ˺治ɣ
Сŵʱ͵͵Ƴ˸īһۣĵôӦòʲôǡ
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īһ£ʵеڶμ
Ӧġ
ʱīޱȵĻҶ֮ǰڵ˦⣬ȵģ
Цŭգô鶯ҫۣ˿̣ƺݴĭһ
㣬棬㻹𣿡䣬īԼʵʲôϻ
Ҷش𣬸īƵĽ˵ģʲô£ڡ
ҶЦˣֻûеѪɫЦ
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ǿˣҲϵģҶзͲ֤˵ҹˡ
ī̾һ˵Ǿˡģ棬һỤģʲô飬㶼¡ֻҪ˵ģʲô𰸣ҶԸš
⻰īĬĬ˵ġ
īҪʲô
֮⣬ֱӸңõʲô
Ҷ˼ī˰ǣЩε˵棬ҲҪʲôˡ֮ţҲҪʲôǧ֮ͺá
˵ƫҪңҪ㡣
⻰īɲ˵ֻԼ͵͵ֹ
Ҷգûκαʾֻüģˡ
ĲȥҽԺ𣿡īĵʡ
Ҷҡͷ
úϢȻдٹ㡣
īʵкܶ໰Ҫ˵ģҲҶ᲻Ȼ
ûɸī֪Ҷ϶ǲҪϢҪʱȥƽҲҪ顣
Сɡ
Ҷ滰СţҶ㣬ʱ䲻ˣ㲻Ϣɡ
Ͽ͵Ļԣøīõۿ


273 Ϥİ

ҶˣīʲôͬĻ˱ˣīɲôõĴ
īҶӣȴҲѹȸУˣװҲãװҲգڣκεӰ죬˵Ĳһ㡣
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죬СȴīĶð˱ϸ
Сףã͸ͬ־ȥ
ҶһīеȥСžһů͵͵ĳһ
Ҷ㣬ģһġ
īĿһСףº͵ĿҶ棬ûе᣺棬úϢǵòҪǿһҪȥҽԺ
īߴߴĥĥҪϤ˿һᾪ°ͣСǻֹҶֲˣҲֻжɩӵʱġ
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ҶҪ֪īô룬һۣ̫ˣóЩˣһûдһء
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ī£Сǳɡ͵ſڡ
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Ҫô
ʱضرΣչˣͨպͺһûгǹʸ
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Ҷǹսռ䣬Ȼӣ޳ָüģ֮ǰزʶȴƫƫǰƫƫҪĽӴңǲףͶɱˡ
ȻҶ˵ǻˣ˼һĻӦֹȻ
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뵽С˷ܵĻ֪īʶֻҶ˭ԼԪ֮ǰûī


274 ܶ

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㣬𣿡
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ȥˣѾˡߵʱī֪Ҷû취ϰ࣬뿪йֵʱ򣬾˳㵽ͼݸҶˡ
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ҹҹĸһЩأСٿīҲݺӵһ棬㲻˵ҲѺĴڡ
㲻С١˵СҲ˺ܲ򵥡

ǵĻ᲻ޡ
С׻ʱ򣬸īķз£ԥһ£ûеҶǰǿСף㲻ȥϰɣ
С׻ҡͷ
ǾУڼţҪѹͰѷ緹ȸԡ
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Ҷ㲻ϲȹĶС˵ţɨһǷУ˵˵ˣҶʲôһԵġ
īֻǿСһۣɫûᣬת뿪ˡ
Ҷ˯ʱѹģС׵Ŀ֪ī˼ٲ˵緹ɵķ˷ۣԼǰ㲻죬ôء

Сĵͷ
Ҷ˵㶫ֻطϢˣ˯Ųͺ󣬸īٴˡ
Сף
Ҷ˵ĹȻû˾Ͳóſ
ֻīŲٵĶ龫һ̷ۣǣ춹⣬ƻﶳ档
⻹㣬Ų֪ŪֻһֻѼѼǻŵģһ·࣬¸¸µĽл
⣬ͬ־Щôط˰ɡ
ī¶ͷҲ̧˵ǸԵģֲǸԵġ
Сǳ鶯һ£ĵҶҲԸĶа
īûкС׶ϻЩһЩڰٻ¥ģһЩũֵܻģʵ⣬ûɱ򲻵
ȻСڣɸīҲû뵽ʲô
ɱˮëīһæţܿ죬һڵĺ轼ˡ
ûҶˣȴޱȣһҪιȥһµ͵ˣҶֲԸȥҽԺ˵ëˣԣīһЩõĳʳһ塣
Сȥ˵绰ʡŪ㲹˲Ρ


275 Ҽҵ

С١һѧϣžͼīżӳɵۣôҼ
䣬С١ֿԼ磬磬ôҵġ
СףܲɨѰ˸ϳȥɡ
˿źҶʶģǣҶҹͲӽˡ
īֻһС١ﻹʣļҪȵĻԼʢ
Ҳ֪Ҷ˲һ㣬˵һֻļҲ٣С˵Ҷ治ϲԸҹˣȻǾͷ˳һЩҲ޷
ҲȡС١Ÿī֪ΪʲôܾڣܿҪˡ
Ȳȣ
ī˶Ҷ棬˭ûģС١Ͳ
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Ҷ濴Ÿī뿪ӰﻬһĨâ
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ںʵů͵ıҶҷȻоƣۣԴκģȴôҲ˯š
ڣ֪īҪʲô
ʱ
ҽԺļԺ
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죬ÿ춼˵绰õĴǣҶ沢ûҽԺ

ôԤĲһء
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ҶһҪң֪ī٣ҶҲ͸ɴҲڼϢ
ȻҰ׵·ҪǽģȥϰҲУǿȥ칫ңҲǱżæŵͻ³
һ죬īҶ緹ȻٹҶ氾
Ҷ˵С١СڣҪϢҪô࣬ûֹī
ᣬҶںȼʱ˵ˡ
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ţôʰգ½ȻīԸС١ѼȥҶ棬ɻ󣺡ţʶ棿
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ī۾У۵׻һĨ⣬ȻǣʶôܲʶҲ֪½ӳʶҼ档
Сǳ˳飬ͳҶ˵ɣ
īƺ֪СôģƳһۣǾ档
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½ȻȻ˸ī˼һ˲ԭء
ô֪Ҷʶī
˼ǹϵǳ
ʲôʱ飿
ڴʱŰ屻ãֻС̽Դһī۾𣬴粽Ŷţˡ


276 

ţɩôˣ绰Ҳû˵˵ɩӲŪ˲ʲôģ˹ϵŪһЩ͸ϽˣģҪĻ滹С
С¾ãϴɩ꣬ܺȻûչ˺Լɩⲡžˡ
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ͬ£Ҷ͸īĬû𣬾ͺʲô鶼ûзһ
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½ȻϻƷҶԼЦЦҰ·źüûˣ㡣
ϲ˭ҿƱ


277 ƣ

ҶԵͷֺ½Ȼ˵˼䣬ȴԼīʵīҺСµˡ
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ܿҶҡͷô˵ҲСӣңǰôҡ
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½Ȼ˿ܣֿһ۸ī֪ڱʾҶ治ͬһѵĹϵ½ȻҶ˵˺͹ֻѶѣ⸵īᡣ
īҶ͹˵ʱֻۿ˿ܣҲûд˵Ļ
ͷӣһۣСºСںúõԸ󣬾պõˮݣķҶˮ
½Ȼ״еľ⣬ҶڹסʱΪҪչС١Ϥ½Ȼ֣īôôϤ
СҪǿһĻһͣҸݲʱˣ˵ƤôҲǿ׼Ҷѡ
īԿ½Ȼ͹˭ԸߣīԼǲ뿪ҶǰˣǾͶݲ裬ʾԼ˵ݡ
Ҷ״ֻÿˡ
ˣܣôˣ
Һþû㣬͹ˡ
֮⣬㣬ˡ
½ȻŲ豭ֽ˽뿪ڣƳһһԵĸīеͷĺŲˮ
ҶҲסˣû뵽ܻ˵һǵ˵ô˵
ҶʲôӦīЦ˵ҽˡ
棬ͺã㲻ȥţ½ӳ͹ҽд
дƾʲôд
Ҷ濴һ۸īīˡ
һ仰ķӦǲһġ
½Ȼ泩еɬҲһ롣
īԼˣҶ棬һĨѹֻһ˼ǵãīҶ棬վǲġ
棬һ𡭡˵һ룬īܿͣµġ
һôˣ
½Ȼ͹ܶûдǿҶ棬⣬½Ȼﰵ˼Ҷĺܶ鶼ֵģ½Ȼʵڲ֪Ҷʲôʱ͸īʶģҿӹϵͬһ㡣
Ҷ͵ؿī㲻ưɣ
ī֪ҶˣɫεúúãҪǻȥϢǾͲȥ벻Եʲô


278 춯

ʲôҸ򣬺òã
룡Ͳīв˵ҶϵҲûа
Ȼ֪ҶԴ󣬿ɼʱ򣬸īﻹǺͱһֻ޴ֽסһֶۣһĳۡ
롭
īĻû˵꣬ҶϣҲ룬ʲô룡
䣬Ҷī񻮹һĨ㲻Ҫвңơ
пռڣͷĶ㹻ƽǣ㹻Ҷ㿪ʱ׷
Ѿˣԣīҡ
ī֪ҶΪʲôôеı䣬Щɵۣ棬㡭
㣬С١ǰסҶ֣ƫͷ˸īһۣ㣬֪㲻㻹
С١ŴĻůСҶѹգգ۾С١ֿ˿Բ֪ĸī죬ȴ۾üģʱѾѹͷʹ侲
ҡǸҲƢá
Ҷᱬʵ뵽һЩ飬ᱻвЩ˾вܵģҲᡭ
īƺЩҶΪʲôᱩŭˣҡͷε˵棬ˡ
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Ҷţ˿ī˼һǣû˵
û֪Ҷ汩ŭʱﲼĿռʯͺһһһµӫ⡣
ռʯ춯Ҷ侲󣬺ܿϨˣͺһдûгֹһ
ʵͦһĻģ᲻Ҷʵ̫ˣҲŪףΪʲôô
᲻֮ǰжĺ֢
뵽ܾһΣ֪ҩᱻõϣһּоġ
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īһѳƺˣСɪɪţҪҪɵôװ
С׷¼žƺЩΣɫĿһȦС١ϣʵôˣ
С١ҡͷ
ҶûкȼǺС˵˼䣬дһˣԼͻطϢȥˡ
СҲоЩԾʣɵûеʣϾܸоǸǳĲã˵һڻˣվڸǰƶҪݺʰģŲɵ
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һεסУίԺﱻ½ȻİĽߺ۸ûίԺסá
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һͷץģĲ֪ҪôźãۿҪԼǧС½ʾ֭Ӧ˵ʲôȻīͻȻ˸磬һѿڶˡ


279 ûв͵ȵ

īԣƳСһۣһ۾ͳɹС±졣
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ţ
ҪҿɩӾǡ
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ҲǶְѼʲôŪˣС١СѯҶչ˺Ҷ棬ˡ
Ҷ治ǲ֪īܵǰᡣ
ī緹ҶûҪôС١ȥѧУ緹ҪôС١СϷֳˡ
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С١ã˲μǺöԣܺȥ
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ҶԭΪԼͼݹǴͣҶϵӹѣ֪ȻҪμôҪ顣
ļҶƲƲ졣
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ݸĸĹ⣬νɳĮҲķݡ
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ƣǾ˵Ůܻ֪һЩʲôġ
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԰԰ȻﲻˬץҲ˳ȥ
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ۿҶҪԼ˵ˣȴ԰԰ˣīϵı֪
Ÿ԰԰īлͣҲЩ壺ҽ㲻ȥ׼ʲô
԰԰īһ˵ϵЦάֲסˡ
Ҫȥʳã·ѣûŸţĺ¡԰԰˵ţǰ˼˵֪ţĶ֪֪ĳ˸Ů´תأ


280 

ҶȻƯɸţˣжˡ˵꣬԰԰Ҳܸīʲô飬̧ͷͦص뿪ˡ
īס԰԰Զˣûķ˸ۣв
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֪īҲеĶУ԰԰˵˻ˡ
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С١Сǲᣬۿͨͨģһ͵͵˺þáҶһξãԼȻвĵĸо
̾һһС١ͷúѧϰҺܿͻˡ
ҪδµĻǼǵøԹôôգ


281 Ҳڰ

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áҶӦգСף˵Сףչ˺Լչ˺õܵܣһģʲô飬۸ˣҪô½ȻæҪôţһ
СףҶ㣬ģҲµġ
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˵һỰۿʱˣһš
СҶС١ŽǣҶ֣һҶȥųԶˣջעӵĿ⡣
˿˿˴ˣ鶼ò
С١ͷɥһתһ˵磬ҵĽ㡣
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쳤󡣡С١ͷ˵š
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֮⣬ɩǳӣǲҲеʲôοο
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СѾƤˣϵβһ޹Ŀڣţ·߲ͳ½о𣿡
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챬ٺٺ١Ƿܶ½ŶҹԲԣ


282 

С±ǲڶеģǸīҪ֣СҲִйɳĮо飬Ǹīʹˡ
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Ҷ濴˿ֽԥһ£ûˣҲûԣϷźת־սռ
һҹߡ
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Ȼйϵˡ
԰԰Ҷ£ܲ˽ڵں͹ⲻͬ͸ţ߽ᱻġҪǶûжҲνǶ
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Ļû˵꣬ԶīͺһС£ĥʲôأ𣬿
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СҪ֪԰԰ŭһûĻʲôעִ磬ǸŸԼԵģôûִˡ˵ˣ˵˶ӦúŮͬ־־룬ô룬֪Ǹжˣء
šСЦǺǵСܵīǰ
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Сһ㶣æҡͷһĨţţЦһҲЦ
⻰Ǳ֪˿ɾͲˣƢͦõģûƢ
īһû˵īʲô
С£
ʲôҺҽīҽԸͼıòá
½ڣͷΡ


283 մ

īɲСƣҶ¥ٴλصԺＯϣСʹ˸СȻͷ
ɩӣСߵҶߣһ˵ţһ߰Ѷݸ
ʲôҶӦգŷӦԼûīСµģɵۿ˵ˣҺ͸īûйϵ㲻ҪϹ
ҶһɣС²˸ֹɩӵ͸ź񰡣ʱˡ
ǣɩӣ֪ˡɩӣӸ⣬緹ûгԺãҸġСЩĽͣȥٻ¥ء
ҲҪ
Сɵˣæɩӣ
Ҷע⵽īһֱߣ̧Ƴһۣջߺ󣬵˵ˣҲɩӡ
ǣɩ˵ʲôʲôС´Ӧ£󣬼ҶһԴæȵ˵ɩҶ£ҿ󣬿ʲôӸŰɣҪȻɲ񣬸һ׼Ҫʰҡ
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Ҷ濴Ķ̧ͷһ۸īķ򣬼ԼЦɵûĵһۣīʵһ㣬ҡ
īҶ˼æĵͷ
Ҷ澯˸ī󣬾ƿߣ֪ī͵͵ֹţҺʵǲ㣬Ҳһܷ˭أ˵ˣҲзɣ
һĻ԰԰һգҶǰ׼ģҲ˵ʲô
һгʮˣǳĻ𳵣ֻ˻𳵣һ죬ȻɫĶ糵ٻһ·˺ü죬ŵɳĮٶ๫һϡ
վ˾ӽվ
һ·ҶԼǸ͵Ľɫ˵ϳϳ˵³³κ뷨
й򣬴ƾɵĻվһ·Ҷ治ɵĴط
ͰƽխĽֵе¥Եøͻֵɵġ
ϵ˼ǲУʮӶûһг˵ˣƽǵеĳ˰ɣ
Ҷ澪ȣȻͻȻˣΪʲôһһǴԪʡǣƽǹӴĹԱһĽ˵Ǵˡ
ƽ֮Դ󻷾ãΪЩӵԵʰɣҲǣĹȲ˵ʡǵǸ쳧ƽǵľˮƽȱҪõĶˡ
˵ԪʡУմƽǵĹء
ҶǡҶƽǰƣͻȻЩζöɺʱ̲סϹ룬ҶҲ֪Ǹǲһġ
ǸѾˣ˿̣˵ĵط
һ·ԼԿܰ԰԰п࣬˶Ҷܲ˽пʱһԣĽһ·Ĳ㡣
˾ڻϿŴ˯˾ڳϼ˻ӹǣżȥϴּʱһЩƽû¶λϿǿŴķ羰
Ҷ氲˳ӣݺӵ̬òϸīһ·ʶչˣŶ˶С͸ˡ
Ȼ˽ҶҪԵĽںӲҶڴǿп޵ġ
Ҷ֪Щ뷨һЦʲô۵ģĩۣ
ĩҪʱ̽񾭣ʱӦͻΣա
ûоĩˣԶ֪Ǹ˻ֲ̿ＫҪŬ
𳵵һƣ۸ȵùɥʬΧʳռͬвۣߣӦýÿÿʱÿ̶ڱвϵѭ
ڻ˯ĺò⣬ҶϰһΣյĵطԼ˯ߣֺѵľӦԽֵܳΣĩѧġ
ȻʱȥӦҲǻйߵԵʡ
ȻܲʲôΣգҶҲرֹۣ˭Ҳ١ɱŻ
ҪʱȻģһҪ״̬ʱҶ˸īûܱȵĹ
ÿҶ˯ŵʱںͽĸīиоİĿͶȻϴּȥˮҪôǻļ϶·ǵҶϡ


284 Ҫ

һθīҶ׵ʱ¶СģᣬҶ滹Ǳ۾
ΪÿЦʱͷǹ˸ţ˿ҹһɵĴ˸
īէһҶ񣬵סܿ͵ﻹЩģҼ̺ϻҾ׸ǡ
ˡҶеԼ̺ӣ±۾
һҲ¸ī룬ֲûǹ׵һĻͲʲôŮӡ
˵Ҷڵĸ߸īҲ㣬ҲҪңҪȻƣ
īԭأ۵ۣʲôôôôĮı飬е鶼ںһ
棬ң˭˵ĺˡ
ûиоīԭû뿪Ҷ沢û۾˵˼
īۣѹǷŭû˻Į飬˲ٵ˺
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Ҷ治ûװ˯ţûκλӦȻīҲҶ˿ֻǱĿѡ
ҶܾˣɸīڶλԼ׸˯ŵҶϣˣҶװѹȻ׷һԣֱӻ
īһλҶ˯ŵʱĬĬĹ׳ס
Ҷܾ˼κֱˣܲΪī׶ѡ˯ɡ
ڸīٶ˿󲿷ֶڼţϾ˶ǵͬ־һ·ҪǸˣҲһ׮¡
ο˿ȷ䣬һ·ϣż˼򵥵Ŀ˼򵥵ĶԻۡ
С¸ǾȻȻǹɲǸžͲڹйһԼǣôˡ
ֻɩ˯׶ѣҪɳĮɩ߲ˣǸŻܱɩһֱء
ţС·ӦԼղź뷨񲻶ԣޣϹ˵İŲʲôأʲô˶ᣡ
С²֪ѻʱˣҶȷøī˺óһΣȻǺˡ
Ҳֻ԰԰ԸīĬĬĹҶѻ𣬵ֲ˵ʲô
԰԰ûҶ潻̸̽뷨Ҷȫ̶ֵûʲôȤ˵ҲҶԸī룬ǸīһֱĬĬҶһһ
㸵īæĳ鲻ʱ򣬵ԷʲôģҲСȥѯҶ뷨·ʱ򣬸īʱҺʵĵطͣϢȻҶԽ⡣
Ȼı԰԰ҲܵˣЩǸīĬĬΪҶʱ԰԰ͱĻš
һڹ죬㹻ˮװϣص׼Ķ糵ʼɳĮ
ʻڻɳ·ϣģߵľɫԽԽɳԽԽࡣ
ҪǰʮվѾ׼õսɳĮ
ʱûɳĮóλǱˣҪɳĮȻɳĮ֮ɳĮİȫɿˡ
ӽɳĮʼһμɳĮҽҪ̤ɳĮ鶼ļ
˶²˵ɳĮ˽⣬ɳĮεҶȴϳһֱڳβĻ
żҲֻ˵䣬Ȼ°Ͷ䵽ȥƺķ羰Ϊˡ
Ҷ£ôƲֵģʲô𣿡
԰԰ҲǻǰҶ£ڵʲô𣿡
ҶҡͷûУǵһοɳĮ棬⾰ɫټɽˮһҾҪ࿴ѡ
ʱɳĮЩװżŵͼ治֪Ӧ˵ǲ֪ηʲôҶϰͷʵֻ¶һ˫峺͸۾Բûܿһ
ǹǵһҵɳĮΡӼղ㿪ʼʹ˵
ҲΣ֪ɳĮ²ܴ֪֪ɳĮ
ӵĽʱҷ׷׷ʣ޲ھѾսɳĮˡ
īҶһֱ;羰ȤӣǶС´˸ɫСºɫĺ˵ɳĮ飬ǵ˷׷ΧʣīŲҶߡ
оīĶҶ濴һۣȻּ档


285 

棬ʲôīڡ
˽£ϲȻڣīͻԹԵĺҶ¡
층īʵᶯεҶǰҲûʲôо飬ҶҲ˻ӦȤ
ʵԵԸҶ룬īҲûʲôˬ飬Ͼһ·ϣīͦģȻҶ沢Ҫ
ûʲô
Ҷ滰䣬뵽ʲôʵī֪Ϊʲô֯ɳĮ𣿡
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ôˣﲻԾ𣿡⻰īѹҶʶĿһЩ
Ҷҡͷ
԰԰ÿīҶһĻװʲôʵĶһָų棺ǿҺĿɳʲôƶ
Ŷ˵Ǹǡ
԰԰ڵʱ򣬸īѾиеҶԶһЩҲ˾ڳβʲôֵġ
ȤҲյβŲϱںķ羰ǿǺмֻء
ɳĮڸɳĮʹԭԼʯɽȺӶжݣ񡭡Ž۾ʼ
ֱˡ
ᣬīбСһۣС½յͷ
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˭᲻Ը⣬С⻰˵Ц
ղ˴յβֵʱ򣬸īҶͦģ˷׷׻ȥˣīҲûŲҶߡ
Ҷƺһֲ﷢īΪ棬ʶĸ
մֲ̣ɳĮ͸ϺܳҪ֦ϳẓ́ܶҬҲһӲ̴̣մɳĮʳ
մ̵ҶƬ֭ҺǷ֣ռŪ۴̣ƴĹƷҪϲǵʱģһЩ
ҶԿ˸īһۣҪ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬벼£۵׻һ˿֮ɫ
ռʯղб仯Ȼ΢Ҷ汾пռ䣬Ȼܸоġ
˿ռʯôãһֱûʲô仯ôͻȻ˱仯ˣ
ѵʲô
īܿҶı飬Ҳ˫￴ʲôʣôˣ
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䣬ֲ˵ʵż͸ң˾ͣ£Ȼͬ־һȥҲа顣
ԣīȻԸҶȥģͬ־ͬ־˲īͬ־Ҷȥ⻹Ǻܷĵġ
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ң֪ˡ֪īˣҶҲ͡
ƺ˷羰Ҷ͸īһûһ˵˼󣬾ͰͷԼıϣ뿿ţ۾
ī״ֻǰһԣż䵽ϣֺܿƿ֪УΪ˲Ҷ治ϲɲһֱ
ֻҶ濴ϢʵһֱڸӦſռʯֱӵվռʯûһ˿Ӧͺ֮ǰҶоĶǴһ
ҶЩջѵܵɳĮ̫ƫˣռʯӦã
ȻҶҲ֪ռʯʲôӦõĿܣǲ֪Ҫôʹá
ܣпռʯˣҲãҪôҵ㡣
ܣ
ҶﱧԹʱһԸīûס͵ش˸硣
Ҷ۾ĪĿ˸īһۡ
ȿȣң棬ҳ˰
ûСҶҡͷֱ۾
Сʱĳ³׷׻壬ſʼվĹԱվϢԷ
վڽɳĮĸɵϣǰһڣһƬӲɳĮǺҶһҪĵط
Ҷ֪ԭ֮ǰѾпŶɳĮھˣһӹҪһĵشҶ游ĸ֮ǰǳĹĹȺҳȻ󽻸ĿŶӽھ򱣻


286 ˮĹ

Ҷ棺ԣ̽·£
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ҶջߣժǺһˮڣµֻһڣĺϼˮ
һĻվĹԱ˽԰԰ˡ
ͬü
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֮⣬ǲãǴˮײˮõվģһˡ
Ҷͷʾ֪ȴתߵȥˬĺ˺üˮĵëˮԼģҿռʲôˮûУɳĮ趼û⡣
˵ˣȻɳЩɳѵڵˮ˷ѵȥɡ⻰ҶҲֻ˵ûҪ԰԰ƽϡ
ܿ͹ȥˡ
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Ȼ԰԰Ҳûֱ˵Ҷˮ飬ίվˮ
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СǻҲˡ
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ֻСҲû뵽Թ԰԰־ᡣ
ŽڣұԶȱˮȥɳĮˮš
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ҿ֪ܲˮƵģÿÿжˮճϴáϴˡϴ£ιڡ
Ҽǵüǰ˵ôһ顣
ȱˮУҲһһ죬һͷҰţˮıؾ֮·ϣȻˮʱ嵽·ϣˮǰҲйЩˮڶҰţһô϶ߡ
ƾˮ˾ôǳϣµµϣҰţ˿ĵڳǰʮӹȥˣҰţһվǣۿһСʱҪȥˣӵսʿҪǹ·Ϻæ
Ϻñӳ飬ɼǳţϳһѪҰţ۵İĽлǰ㶼Ų
ǽޱȣŷⱯ׳﷢ᡣˮפսʿٿǿźͰ೤飬Ȼȡ˰ˮսʿˮȻҰţǰ
ǲ£ôţ˵˴ҵθڡ
ǻ˵ˮ϶ǿʻˣˮȻͺˡ
԰Ҿû
ҷ׷ױ̬Цҡͷǵġ
ˮҰţǰûкȣͷлȻԶɳܳһͷţһͷеĸţǿˡ
ʱ򣬴Ҳ֪ҰţΪʲôôɰðűץפصķնҪ·ˮΪĸţ
ˮҰţĸţˮˮ꣬ĸţ۾ȻֶŸˮսʿ͵͵Ľڵлĸţһתͷ뿪˳ǰ뿪·ƹɳԶȥˡ
ͬ־̾һ˵ﶼԵģҰţҲġ
ӵͷͬ־⻰˵ˡ滹зչء
һк˷׷ڴĴӼ˵
ҲǣˬĿڣԸΥɰԼˮóսʿһִʱͶɢۿ·ڿɳĮʱǱˮҰţŵޣȻִ߳ġ
һ׷׾ָж
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Ǳˡ
˵кñ
ҶһţֺһˮĻ裬ĵ˵ˣɾ
תһ룬ţȷͨҲ֡
ǣȻޣΪʲôҰţ޺ˮ̵ܵĵط·ˮ
ѵʧˣҰţӦöɳĮϤǡ


287 Դ

Ҷʱһ԰԰ˡ
Ҷ£ºʲô뷨𣿡
īôע⵽ƺҶϵЩ֣Ǵһ˿𱸣ü仮һĨȥæʱ򣬷ʲôˡ
Ҷ񣺡뷨аܸжˡȿȣԵĹԺ˽˸ж
Ҫ˵飬ҰţҲˣһ£⻰˵ĲôʣǾû˵
԰԰ƺҶĻش𲻴⣬ƳһվڽĸīȻεҶ£ҵ˼˵㿴ȱˮˣǲˮԼһЩһ㣬Ժ֣Ϊһˮı޴Ұţ
Ǻǣҽ˵ĶԣҽߣǵҪҽѧϰСҶһ˵һ߹ƣȴ˵вղſţɵʱһҲ顣
ũţصʱĴβϵģôȥЩţ
ȱˮʵҶ浽Ҳûôˮˮûվˮϴϴֵˮõռˮ
˵һξˣó˵ҪǣҶõԴˮֻռܶѡ
Ҷûȥǵ԰԰Գ飬ƽ϶ѡ
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԰԰Ÿīͬˣϲɵľ¶˿ĵЦݡȻ˾±Ƚϡ
Ҷ濴һ۸īû˵룬ЩӦϰ߽ʡˮҪȻɳĮһȱˮˣͦ鷳ģϾܴĹˮǡ
С¼״ĺãæ˵
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һҶķű죬һīһˮվſڡ
ͬ־𣿡
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ҶڸīĳƺѾľˣ־˽еģˡ
Ҿ¥£ʲô飬š˵꣬īҲҶ˵ͰˮŵҶűߣԼת뿪ˡ
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Ҷ£ôˣţ𣿡
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ͱͬݣҶѾýϴŵĴˣḵīˮѾҺõģ¶õˮֻò˷ˡ
ĩʱˮûúȣ˵ϴˣԭҶҲϰԵռ²ٵˮ
㣬ҪҪҲһݽţ
ͬ־ҡͷãĺܣϽ˯ˡ
һˮŶ٣ţصظҶ͵ģɲմˣ˵ղҲ΢ϴһ£㹻ˡ
ʵͬ־Ҳ԰԰˵ĻЩʣϴôˣҲҪϴϴ·ιڣˮϴֻǴ´ģѵΪʡˮǰϴˣ
˵Ҷ棬ˣҶڷǰϴˣϾ˭ҲϺںľôԷǡ
԰԰ԼҲˮϴˣҶΪϴҺϴĭˮѡ
ī¥תǿ԰԰԰԰ղҲһĻī¥ڣţôˮҶˣһˮɲ٣ˣԼʲô
һˣɾˮ࣬ҶҪˮҷþˣҲӦõġ
˵꣬ī¥ȥˣ԰԰¥ݿơ
ʲôӦõģҶֲôչ
ҲһĳҲһ·ҲݽŰôˮҡ


288 ô

ڶһ硣
ҶĶˡ
²ɳĮХĺ˷ϯҶĺʵ׺ձñ׼Թ緹ͳ
Ҷ洩Ҳ٣ƽǹĻ࣬˼Ӻıů£˷ˮĳ£һ¡
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ʮ˼ϾɳĮϤ·ߵĵ򵼷޶ˣһʮĸˣŶʮƥա
һһƥգʣµģƷ豸ġ
ǵؾվգҲѷһˣǰҶһƽͽɳĮҵĿĵأȻٴͿˡ
򵼷ʮͣӣСĺӶѾʮˣΪ׬ǮȢϱɳĮ˵һϤɳĮˡ
ҶԼϵĲӲ⣬һɽ
ȻƲСĵɽʵֻװ˼ʵҶ˶ĿüӳģϾҵıǹĹҵģŬװ¸ҪõĶװˣرˮ͸
ıҪǱģҲôӿռöǡ
Լ࣬ͳˡ
Ҷϣһվķ򣬶߾ʹ˸ī
棬ģڡ
Ҷ濴˿īһۣû˵
տʼһĶ磬ȴ˷ܵʱһ·ϣ˵ĳɳĮǰ
Ҷû˵£ʱǻôģʱڴΧĻ
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ͬдҪĹоϵͬ־ǳûƬҲҶģɹأ˷Ŀľѡ
Ҷ濴һԼռԥһ£ûó
ϽɳĮʡɳĮҲ߲죬һ磬Ҳʮ๫⻹ǵһսɳĮԵʡ
̫ΪɹҲø·˱ɳݵİӪϢ
īԭڶǰͷŽͬУϢʱʾС˵˰ӪկתҶߡ
԰԰īһͣϢʱҶߴգһƣҲ۵ĹǺûʲô˵ֻĺˮ
Ҷ£Ϣһᣬ
¸Ҷ˸īҪ֣Լֱա
īΣƹҶߣԼˮ˹ȥ棬ҿһ·ûôˮǲûˮˣҵġ⣬˾ͺҵġ
Ҷҡͷ˻ԼǰҵľˮʾԼˮﻹˮȻ˵ãһвˮء
ŽɳĮеˮﻹкܶˮҪȸīˮˮ˵ˣҶһ·ûٺˮֻû˿ѡ
ҶˮһŤˮժˮһˮȻܾͷߣˮʱ򣬰һϼھͺˡ
Ҳûϵպؿռ䣬һµĳͿԣѡˮĿζˮˮմˮʲôʲô
·ڵΧڵû֪Ҷһ·ˮôʡʡ
СҶ涼̲ˡ
һ·ûˮīüΪʡˮûôˮɣ
һϣ˶ȵһˮˣٵҲ˰ˣô񱻺ȼڡ
īҶΪ԰԰Ļʡˮȣ˵Ҷ£㲻ҪĲˮãˮˮģȾͺȣ˾ͺҵġ
ҶֵҪģô죿Ҫ֪ɳĮʼҶʶĽԼˮˮǺִȵġ
⻰Ҫˮš
ī˵һˣˮ࣬˵ˣҾѵҪͿʡ
Ź֣Ҷ淭һۣɳĮˮŮûйϵɳĮɲΪ˾ͻ顣
ȣɳĮȱʧˮ֡
οһ磬Ҷûټīæһǰͷо·ߣһᵽװעʲô״ĿɲС
ҡҶſڣǰͷ˺īǸīˮҶ棬Լ첽ȥˡ
Ҷ棺ػɸīˮ˶ýʡġ
ȸīٴιʱҶˮȥ
Լţˮ


289 һҲ

ˮˮû٣ī˰üģ͵ǸϴõģһҪϢ緹ˣձϴҽߴߴģˡ
˵ĻҶ治úЦ
԰԰߹Ҹī˵ī⻰ҶЦĿģʱѿŲһ٣תȥˡ
ιղ˵ĻҽˡҶЦʱÿ԰԰תһĻѡ
īˣʲô˵ıʵ棬ģڣˮûҵľˡ
ţʲôģ
СҹĻɺʵ
īŤͷȥһۣƤˣ
ãǴŸźɩ˵ˡ
С´˸飬æҡͷûУûУţҹǽǹȥϢġ
䣬СֺõĶҶ˵ɩӣ͸ȥȹȥˡ
Ҷǳ˳飬ûӦԽˣϢȥ
ī״СһۣСæѳ޹ı飬ʾԺһôûˡ
ͷǸղųģҲҶϢ
緹ԵıվﻹֲڣκɣصʹŵɳĮ϶࣬Ҫη֣ϰ飬ϼˮҲͻָˡ
Ҷ£ժ˼Σ˵ˮˮͣˡ
ͬ־״ʵҶ£ôˣ
ҷϳ˲٣ԲôɰͰ͵ΣΧȺĻҶǰʳҲûеġ
ȻΪпռ䵱ܣȻʸģ˵ٳһ㣬ʣµģҲܶһ㡣
ͬ־ȰɼҶ澫񲻴һ룬·ĻҲܿмڸûʲôӰ죬ҲͲ˵ˡ
һᣬҶͬ־˵һõɳȥˡ
ɳĮ󣬴ҶʶֻҪϢʱŮͬ־ȥķͬ־ȥģϾһʲôɾˡ
ԣҶɳȥ˲֡
ī˵ҶûԶ٣ΪԲЩ׼Լ׼Ĺ֪ɳȥˡ
Ҷתɳһߵɳ𣬸оԶһЩײɡͷŴӲͳз
ȵ㹽зϱı裬ζˬˡ
ȻҶ껹ˮСˮƽһڣȥޱȣʱֱһܡ
ûסҶֳա
ʰãϴɾ֣Ҷ濴˿ûʲôߡ
Ҷʱ˶Ŵˣֻиīضɲĵ
Ҷīһ˵棬Ժɲһȥɶ
ҶѲɻӰ
ǽˣ͵͵СϱˣǲŸ߱ˣ
īҶ͵һȥСʱģһᵣĵġ
ˣ˵ˡͬ־˵ղûôԶǲǲθڣ˵ţīӿͳԼĺз
ִ򿪣Ҷһһеļ
⻹㣬īִӰͣͳһâ
ţ·ϵԡī򵰸͸ģ½ɳĮͷâɡ
ţͷҪǳԲɵĻͳ
Ҷ棺īǾ
ȻҶôģû뵽īȻ׼ͷ͹ɡ
ˣԼ԰ɣҲңҳʲôҾͳʲôҲʳҶ죬īͻȻ˶
ҶҲˣ˻ƽζûȥīŵˡ
ôŸīԸΪ޹
īֻǾҶй㣬ҲûʣϾ˶׼ĸҶ׼ԼҪҪõĶҶϲԵĶҲ֡
ţʲôʱ˾ͳԡīâɺţͷҶ˵һ·Ҳʱʱ̵̿ߣҪʲôҪﲻǵüʱҡ
ī㲻ҲҪرչˣҲû
ƺ֪ҶҪ˵ʲôīתͷһϢķװ˺ӦһȻͿ첽ˡ
Ҷǳ˳飺װһҲ
ϢҲԶȻϢҲû˯Ҷ治͸īƣǵע⣬Ǿû˺ס
ȻҶصϢº󣬾Աߵ˺
Ҷ£ţʲôˣ


290 ɺ

ɣ֪īעġ
û˵ɸīصģͺչһ
һοҪദͦһʱ䣬īֻǹҲûʲôõ飬ҶҲûи˦ֻǰһദ
Ҷ£͸ųǲʶ
ǰҿһ·ͦչġ
ҶЦͬ־Ƕÿ˶ͦչ˵ģССĴԵͬ־ǵһʱհ𡣡
Сͬ־ЩǸͬ־ˣҽء
˵ţҶ򿪲ͳԼĺз˻Σ˵Һ͸ͬ־ȷ֮ǰʶˣֻ˵ˣҪʡˮҾ鷳ͬ־һϴˣղǰѷлء
һҲͷ˵СˣСȥʱһ㣬ǸţСȥһģҪȻСҪԶ·ˡ
ҲΪ;Ϣȥʱ򣬶ߵ̫Զˡ
СҪҶЩһԱҡͷ񶨣Ųɩ˵ء
շСǻΪɩſϣΪɩӲżæŵյĵģ֪СˤգȻɩֱ̽Դ֪ɩӸղſѡ
Сͬ־ЩС·ֵģȻҪȥɩӣ˳ҽ˵ˡ
ʵҶſϣҪӿɿԵģ֪ſ¾нӶľ̽Դŷ֣īðˤյСһĻ
ͷ̫ŰҶ̽ͷһͷֿһֱһ㣬ƻϢһᣬǺͶԱ˼䣬׼ˡ
ǰһŽǱߣҶ氵ҡͷ
ŽԴɳĮرᶼŴ˯ҪôǷֻڷűʼǺרĵоţʱʱߵ˵ʲô
ŽԱߣīŵͼо·ߡ
īƺоҶߣŤͷ˹ӶҶߣųһǲõЦ
Ҷû뵽īͷԼЦһסˣڵƫͷƿĿ⡣
ЦʲôЦԵð
һߣϢ԰԰ע⵽īĶ˳ķһۣǶҶЦģﲻһĨʼɡ
˶಻㣬԰԰뾾Сµʣ㲻ĵ˵īֻûôҶôģ
ʮ๫һŴϾɵĳǳ
˵ǳǳأǰսңǨƷϷɳʴҲͻʣΧǽţҪô綼ҪôѾɳĲˡ
鿴һΧĻҲûʲôص߳Ͷޣ㶨ﰲӪ׼ҹ
һ·Ѿͦ۵ģīͣҹʱ򣬴һæ
ò˵εĿ϶ƻ׼˲ʱ䣬װͦȫġ
ףôģôһС񡣡
ǰѾƻˣŮͬ־һͬ־һŽںһ򵼷һھȻôһСͱʾˡ
ī첽߹ȥһ˼һ£˵ȱ˾ȱ˰ɣãҲҪҹô㵹Ҳ㹻Сͬ־ҽҪͬ־Ͱһⶥ͸Ҷðɡ
ͬ־֮ǰŵһһÿֵֻҹ
ҹɳĮʵ˯ȽϺãī֪Ҷ治ϲһǾôˡ
Ȼ󣬾ͼҶһĨϲҲŸ
īˣһҲûʲôõģǾ͵ͷּæ
ҶСǸīģС»æɸտͱĸīŤͷһۣӦİȥˡ
ܿˡ
ҶƺҲøſ˵
ȥһ̡
С£չŵ㣬ҺҶȥ̡
С»ûпأŽھЦǺǵĵͷ鷳ţˣҪòٲ̣һбҪ
ȻǼ̣ɳĮһЩɳĸ֦һЩմ̵ɳĮֲǳܱҲб紵ľʲôġ
ҶīԼΣ̾ͼôʲôΧֲҪ
īɳĮﲻȫǲҪ̫Զĺá
һӪؾں󷽣ҶһӪҲʮԶҲûкʲô麰һҾæʲôΣա


291 ׵Ŀɰ

īûҶ˼ƤҶΧŲ̣ԶҲףΪĵ㡣
һ̱īߡ
ѾǵˣÿҪȥʱ򣬸īܽԼֳųĴ粽ͰѲ̼ˡ
ҶһЩյİѼһЩľŵīţԼתƻҲҴţ͵ŸīͺеǸīһ
ûԵ͵أȻջʳǹҲʲôóԵġ
ḵīţĸţҶҲ͵ˣܳЩǿиƻǿԵġ
īûҶЦĿøߴסӪطܻͶߡ
ҶǹҪīģ֪Ҳû߿վһԵԼҶųűЩ
ɺͷôԣҲһ㣬ǲеѽ
ҶգͣӰͳһƻݹȥţ㡣
Ҳԣš
ţ
棬治ԣ·ϳԡҪǳˣɾûˣһ·ϣǧ˰ٿǮҲûط
ԣҶ˫һɣȴ֪ԼˣЩ׵ĿɰС
Ҷ棬īܾĻôҲ˵ԹԵͷ
Ĳ̣īӹƻ
ţٸҶģ֪Ҷ񿴳ͼ˵ڳԣһ˳ͦûġ
ǣīҶı£Եһƻ
һƻīȴúԵóԵĶһĶˣõıôҲزס
Ҫ˿īʱı飬һᾪ°ͶҪˣǸţĪǱ˰ɣ
īԭ򣬵ԭ͵߲Ҷ棬Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻҪ¹Ҷ棬޵ߵݡ
棬㲻˰ɣ
Ҷ治⣬ʲô
ܿ죬Ͱߵ
˵꣬ת̣ҲûĹ˶ˡ
Ȼ֪īΪʲôôʣҶãǱʾĺã˵īͻԶһˡ
ֻҶ沢֪ղŲʶͷɻıѾīУȻ֪Ͳǵƽǰˡ
īЦˡ
ҶԶһɳȥ˺סģ룬ûڣţʲôġ
īҶ˳ŰҶ涪Ĺ˲˲ȣý˳һЩɳѹ˸ס
˼˺ụ̈īҲûҶᣬӪС
ﶼϸϸɳߣҲ
СҲһɡҶȥ·ϣֵݸīһϾС·Ҳ£ͦġ
ȸīܾҶ˵ģҴ˲٣ұﻹأɳĮȣҲŲã˾˷ˡ
⻰һīһ£Ҳûоܾ
С±īƻʱ򣬻һ£ţǴˣ㻹ɩӳ԰ɡ
˳ʲôУˮ컹ŸźɩӵĺãɳĮʲôûУɩӣ°빦
ٷϻɩҸģɱ³ȥҪȻôʰ㡣īСһۣĵҪһ᲻÷ء
һ⻰СЦĿģɩӸİҾ͹ˣţɩǲǱʾôˣӣȳȥˣܿͿԳϲ˰
ϲǣī⻰ϵı黺һЩҲ֪СƨأߵˣԼ͵ųԣУҹһ㣬ɲҪˡ
ǣġ
ҹĻ٣ΧŻ״Ĺˮͬ־ڵԡ
гǳصǽ˺洵磬ʱ쬵ģڵΧŻѿ𣬵Ҳů͡
ˮյ棬Ȼƽôζʱ򣬴һʱ򣬳Եķ
ҶΪǰͷƻ֮ǰһ·Ҳ͵͵ԶԲҶװʱֻһףҲ£ӡ
ͬ־һԣھҪȰȴҶŰΣΪôԣҲû˵
Ҷⲻ˿ѣתʱ򣬾Ͱˡ
ú󣬳һ棬²ûûˣҲûϣͷһΣˮ
ҶԼȼֻ֮һʱȴһ£ƫͷҶ֪˭ˡ


292 ˣ

ôô٣īҶһüʵ棬ôˣ㲻𣿡
ﻹв٣˵Ի٣īһʱ뵽
Ҷɨ˸īһۣҾǲ
Ҫң˵ǻҼ̵ʱܳûһ보أȺĳ棬˿е̵СͲˣмƬƹϣҲõģζͲ˵ˣ϶óԡ
Ȼ˳滹ܿиѼȣԼڷ档
Խ룬ҶԽ÷治
ңҶ治ˣǺŮһ㲻ˬĻһ䣬߶ʱþ򵼷ҲȵĻͷһҶ档
Ҷ汻ôһʱԼЩ֡
ôīҲһţһ·ûҶ̬ô˵ǹĵģҲǾηмӣŽڶԸīҲֵġ
ӣǲ̫ˣ
գҶЩΣֿ˸īһۣ͵Ҳ
ԵýģøīЦӯӯһĻĻһ
Χ߶˵īܿͻعѹļ¶ҲܲԱɳĮ䣬ʧܿ졣ҹˣ˯ŵġ
֪ˣġҶΡ
īһЩҶģ֪ŸհѷƿȥҶ;İԼķһȥ
īϽġ
ҶҪߵطȥīæڣúúãҲˣ棬ߡ
ԼĺλãʯϯɳϣֱΧǽûôҶҲ
ʵҶ沢֪ʯǸīصصǽһȦȻġ
û˴ʯ⣬ͬ־Ȼǲռ˸īŪʯģҲûôǣŮͬ־ͱ˵ˣ˭֪īʯǸҶģҪˣҲ̫ˡ
֪īʯǸҶ棬Ϊīʱ򣬴ÿСºһ䣬ȻīҲûڵ˼ֱǿŲҶġ
˵ôˣ԰԰Ǹ뷨ҲֻԼˮѶȥˡ
԰԰һ߳棬̧ͷܿҶ͸ī˵˵СܱǺХĺ磬֪ҲС
ɣ㲻֪ݣī͵ı飬԰԰֪ܲµʲôˡ
С±԰԰һۣץԴ⣬ܿ췢԰԰ƵƵĿŸīҶ棬׹ˡ
źɩ˵Ǻʲô
Ī
԰԰СҲûдһ߳棬һߺ˵
Ҫ˵ɳĮ͵ÿųԣ֪Σʱ̵ĵͣˡ
С˵ţ¶źһ·ҲûƼҪȻǽܳˡ
ЦС£⻹أŵһ죬лġ
ǰʱ͵ÿˡ
ûСͬ־㵽ʱɲҪӰ
С£˭ӰǱ˵ǴҪǲ־ˣҪǳ֣׼ܲ
򵼷򸾶ҲЦǺǵ˵Сͬ־ǽɳĮʱ䲻٣ķΧ֪ͻᾭһƬҿ˵ˣǴˣץġ
СˣǸá
ǱҪģҲУǸء
ǸſˣʲôֻҪǸ룬Ұţץ
С¶ԸīĳȻǲ˵ģ˵ҫСһ̲סī¼
ǸһҰﻹץһֻҰأҰôɡ
С⻰ҶĿͶīϡ
īҶļ仰ģ֪СһͰ˵Ŀ˹ɸСһ
СһﰧˣֲСĴ˸źɩ˵ˡ
ţҴˣǳ𰡡
ɩӣҡ
Ҷ汻С°ĿһЩ֣ʲô˼Ϊʲôôң
ܿ죬С¾ͼһ£ƿĿ⣬ԼķУʲôرóԵĶһ
Ҷ治֪С֮ΪȵĿⱻīīһΣյСͺһˡ
ҺڴⰡаͽС½ˣǷģҪץҾͷԷֻܺˮһԿǳԡ
īЦһҶ׷ˣһʱ䣬ӪЦ
СҪȣȻڴӦģȻְѻ⳶˵


293 īʲô

ɹת˴ҵע󣬸ī㲻ٴǰҶ߳档
īҶߺĳ棬ΣҶݲݵİѷļ꣬ҲȣԵ㣬ʵīôó𣿡
ʳڣҶŷӦԼʲôЩΡ
ĩʱʱҲʳгԵľͲˣʳǾ͵Ŷɣ
ʳпռڣĳԼԵĶûпռڣһҲʲôʲôûаġ
áī񿴲ҶһЦҲʳʲôԡ
ٻȵģĳʳ֮ǰҴͻΧʱ򡭡˵һ룬߹īʱͣ£Ҷ汧ǸЦЦԺл˺˵
ҶͷʵҲףʱģţǾսȥģС¶Ըīݵģ֪ˣټҶҲоīŨصѪζ˵ʬɽѪ϶Ҳˡ
һǾּѵΣգε顣
ôѵĻܻžͲˣʳʲôģڵģֻҪӣͲܷŹϾŶӾζûĻûζ
ԣ˭ϣƽƽûΣգҪ
˭Ըսǹֵ꣬һԼʲô֪Ŷʮ겻ء
ôƴγΪ˱Ⱥڡ
ɥʬڡ
ΣУҲǸصפʼɥʬȺڣάȶġ
ɥʬİĴûгֹ֣һСıץҧ˾͸ȾΪǵһԱ
˭᲻£һ£ǻǵȺǰΪ˸˵ʱ䣬˲ٵˡ
ƽʱھ͸˵ˣһε𣬺ˮһȺУ˭Ѫ֮˭Ầ£ɾһᶨһǱֱǰ
뵽ĩһЩõ飬Ҷøīˣιī
ţ
û˺˵ɰˣ
īһ£ҡͷ
Ҷǣޱȵ˵˵ˡī㣬ǣһȺɰˣɰˣˡ
ī֪Լϼ縺ʹҲûṼʹûҪʲôر
ģȫеˣûܵõʲôرƺδӴϾװʼѾӡǵĹѪˡ
ֻǣҶ˵仰ʱ򣬸īֻ౻һůסȺģҲȺġ
棬㣬ллīĿȵĿҶ棬ſӵֽ˽ð˵ôһ仰
ҶûԼ˵һƽģںĻѣīôЩ
׺˵ĻϹսˣҪôϧҪôĮģˡ
ŸīҶﰵ⣬īʲôģ
īҶ治һ仰жţԼǾþõĶǰĻѣ֪ҶԺһ뷨
ԹûãΧһ󣬾׼Ϣˡ
īĸֵ࣬һСʱǽɳĮĵһ죬Ȼиīһˡ
īǵڣʱ򣬵ǡǡҲҰΣյʱ򣬸īñ
ҶԼСƾʪֺ󣬳һ뼦˿࣬һ㽶׼ϴ˯¡
ϴˮʱҶȴÿīɳ˶һۣҶЩΣĬĬµԼˮ󣬰Դ˻ȥѵ£ת˯ȥ
˸ƷɳĮ˵ҪĶ˯ƷĿ׼ģȻһЩ豸ЩҶ治úʲôϵ
īҶİԴ̽͵͵µˮַɿİԴȥ͸ӼһɰޱȣʧЦ
ҶҪ֪ī뷨һŭӼ͵͵Ǿ䣬ٴЬԶһطڶѣɳûӾ͸ˡ
溮ХҶ˯š
Ҳ»䣬˯ɹˮģ»ﶼȺġ
ХҹĴ󣬾ͺҰǺһ㣬Ҷӽ󣬾ûٳȥ˯ĺܺãʵһֱзһ˿עһʲôԾģѹ
ҹ˻ڵʱҶʵвҲ֪Ϊʲôֵīʱȴûľ÷ģҲ˯ȥ


294 

Сҹīʯϣҹվþò
ţ°ôˣ
īҡͷûУ룬ɩ˵Ļ
ɩ˵ʲôˣ䣬С¾ЩԺëǸĲˣɩӺ͸˵Ļ
С°꣬īͿˡ
˵ɰˣɰˣˡ
С⧲⻰סˡ
ˡ
⻰㾭ǰͷһ䡮ɰˡˣůůģɤЩɡ
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⣬ͬ𾴣ʲôҲãһ仰ģȴֱĵġ
С²⻰ǸīƭģΪûҪΪīϵĸжҲûס
߽άף˴ģеļΣճ˸᲻ֻһɰˣѾǺıˡ
ֵߵغͰ
ҶīСµĶԻпһ£ȷӦʱѾĻ˵ˡ
Ļתͷ
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棬ôˣ
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īЦЦСһۣС֣صͷ֤ţģҾţ˭Ҫǳȥһס
ǳصǽкü棬īҶ˸С䡣
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ҶЩεĿ˿ש飬ղŻƸīשʲôأᵹ׹ˡ
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ʵҲ֪ʱ򲻻˳ģиīǰͷţϰԵĹ۲һ¡
һأ
īҶ溦£Ҫ˵ҲΣصص֧̣Ļںڰиۡ
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һīŵϵ÷㣬ǻͷˣ
šҶͷ
벻ߣ
ߣ
Ҷ澪һ£˿ΧںĻֿһ۸īĪϵģɳĮʲôߵģʲô߳涾ϰ
īҲҶе˼ЦЦǾͻȥɡ
Ҷͷ
С»ΪīҶŻΧһߣ˵˵أϾҲͦģΧҲʲô飬˵иڣһС鷳þ˾ʹˣ֪ȴܿͻˡ
Сתһ룬һ·ϣеʱɩദҲûҪҹɳĮߣҪǶ֪ǻ˵лġ
Ҷ˵˼仰󣬾Ҫȴͣ£ˣȻ´ڴͣó˹ȥ
ţǳԡ
ɩӣʲô
ҶԶСµĳƺش𣺡ǿ˺ͿֱӳˣҪû𿾹Ҳԡ
⿾QQСһװģҶһó˰˸
Ȼװϲûʲôʱ˵ֺ֡
ãųԡ
ǰɩӣǲų԰ɡ


295 续

û£ǳ԰ɣҴ˲١Ҷ˵ţͰѿһԵķʯϣתͻˡ
ī˿ʯϵĿֿһѾ۵׻һĨᡣ
˸Сº͸īһ˳ʣµģװˡ
Ҷ˳ԿҲ㶫ҲռطǶװģҪ˵ԼɳĮ֣˵īҹҲͦģԵ㶫ʱҲ
Ǹ׺ͺͺ̫֣Ҷ涼øīţˡ
ϡ
ҶǱĶѵġ
ĶԱѾʼھ̾ɳĮ峿ˡ
ҶԺ۾Ƴһķֱ۾ȹӺ۾ޱȡ
˯Ϳʼһ·Լסһĺô¶ˣ뿪Ļ˭Ķֻܸûëëŵ
Ҷӿռóô˯ϣˮϴ
ϴҶĨ˱ʪ˪ֲϷɹ˪Űƿƿ޹ջؿռȥ
ĮֱԲ
Ҷճôһ̾Ļƫͷȥֻ԰԰վڳǳǰͷԶɳۣųķ
ղŵĻ԰԰егġ
ĥ糾ɫ裬ԯš
ҶԼʱ԰԰䡣
峿ɳĮߵϼεգɳϵ԰԰ɫ޿㣬ɫ£һͷںͷֻӣҲã⻭ôôúһһ
ò˵԰԰Ĳرյڶųп˾һζ
ҶѾͬ־ߴ͵Ŀ԰԰ķˣ˵ͬ־ˣҶ涼ûס˼ۡ
Ҷ׼ʱ򣬸īһԿڣãˮպˡ
ҶջĿ⣬īָָˮˮȻȥϵװιкʰһҲûҪ԰԰̬˼
԰԰ĳĲͷƤҲףϳֵ΢ЦҲһֱòͰӣĻֳƯҶֻҪͬ־ûвϲģīԹ˵æš
СҪ֪Ҷ֣һֲֵ˵ʲôÿģԺʱҽĴβʲôɢĻС˵Ҹ֣̽Ȼקϼʫʲôġ
ŶֱԼǴϴ֣Щ秵ĶȤ
ֻ֪ſĻˣͷʲô豸䷢ſ˵ܿͻˣһЩΪ½ѵĶС˵ɢʲô
˵ˣϵģʰ緹һɳϸпʲôء
īյˮҶװˮˣ֮ǰˮһҹ綼ˡ
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Ҷ滹һԵĲ࣬˺˰ƴΣֻһȣǺһĴ㣬ڶ棬һ·Լ͵͵ԵϲԵĶЩŵĶ˳ԡ
ּҶԵ٣ͬ־Ǹп
Ҷ£Ե٣ֲôء
ҶԲ˼ЦЦҲ٣θھôѡ
˵ô˵ĬĬֹҪиֶԳԣҲЩġ
ҪҶ²Իɣӳһ㶼ġ
īûҶԵ٣֪ҶԼԵĸĿţҪҶԣҲûУҲû˵ʲô
԰԰λʣһС룬ģһҶĻٿ˿ͬ־Σٵͷһ£ǰѷ꣬
ԴǺװֵģ԰԰ԼҽȻ˽飬ڲỢһľأ
ôһ룬԰԰ʱҶٳԵϰѧ
ҶǳԵ٣ֳԵϸŻƤɫ󣬼Ǵ£ܿ֫ϸ԰԰ţĿⲻɵĴҶɨ
Ҷ沢֪԰԰뷨ĵڿռ￴ţЩʲôζ죬͵ԡ
ѼУÿС
ԡ
ţɣһԣԶۡ
ҶǺȵţĺãܾΧڵôһᣬ˭Ҳ֪ڵ¸ʲô
Ҷȵ̾пռˬǾӼУɽɳĮر֮ﰡ


296 鷳

ųɳӸͷǰߣһӵĽӡں棬ȻǺио
ǣҶ濴ſţûסͳֻ˼ƬȻַɿİֻսռȥ
ţಢҶҲνſռ䣬ԾͳԣĿڶҲ⣬ͺͳһ
Ҷ漸ţʱ򶼲㱻ī֣㸵īûĶʶīҲ֪ڳԶ
īЦЦںеʱ򣬴ӿڴͳһҶҡͷַŻȥˡ
ûϢʱ԰԰Ͷˣ̣ȵϢʱ򣬷ԵıһЩ
˵ҶԵ٣Ҷֿ˵Ůͬ־Եıͬ־һ԰԰һԼԵĺһԵС²࣬ͬ־࣬ͺܲζ
Ҷ֪԰԰ƣһ·Ҳûôͣᵽ˳緹ĵҲȻǲݲݳԼڣȻ˲ע⣬ʣµĴζˡ
Ȼ·˵ɳĮľûĵطһɳ࣬˵ǰɳĮڲһ𣬴Լмʮγ˽ΪصһĻﻹһޡ
˵޲ȴҲǸǡðӪĺõطȡˮˮܷ㡣
Ҷһȥ̣īȻҪһģ飬Ҷ͸īദѾȻ˲١
īиģ񡣡
ī˰ɣɡ
˲ҪӪصʱӪش˾ƺʲô顣
ȥһֻһͷɳĮ鴤ţ۾ĲϴѪģ˿ڣˡ
īһʱüͷСһۡ
һīСչͣţСС̧ģ˵Ǳҧ˴ɳǣȻɳǣˣͰѴ̧ˡ
ҶֻǽûгĴһۣƿĿ⣬ߵһȥˡ
ףе鷳ˡ
ǿڶʳ˼ҲǳҲܡ
԰԰ע⵽ҶߵһԵӰΪҶǺ£ĵʲôµģôûãҪǸīˣҶֻһûõĿɣ
뵽԰԰һ۸īķĵīһ֪ҵļֵġ
Сͬ־ô㶯֣ˣ⿾ǲ
ǣСͬ־׷Ŵܣǽʵ̫ˡ
Сͬ־ѾȲĵŽƷˣ῾ɣ

򵼷򸾰ιûͼΧҵʲô߽һһֻĴ򣬿˿ڻ˺ҧˣһæѯʷִľ
һɳǲʳССðɳǾˣüͷҲ
ˣҪ鷳ˡ
˶ϲŮǰ԰ڣӢ۴򱧲ƽŮͬ־ڣСС²ĺ˵ηɳǲʳλǵİɳߣ֪⻰ɲ졣
ʲô鷳С⡣
СҲף򵼣˵˽ԣɳĮ˵ҲԵģǴɳŪģ˵Ƿɣ
򵼷򸾶հףΪ˺֣ͳƺΪС򵼣򵼣ͬ־Сˡ
Сҡͷ͵ǸɳǸˣɳǿǼǳĶֻһͷɳǣҲǺöԸģοͬԸǡ
ɳǶϣСС˶һִۣŲȷĿ⿴򵼷ˣİɣ
ʵҲףĿԼ͡
ϱЩأɳǵϰԣ϶ġ
ͬ־ԱǸϽ뿪ɣҲˡ
Сҡͷûõģɳǿ϶סζˣǲ֪ɳĮɳǿǼΪԵģԲʳ׷Ű
֮⣬˦ɳǵġ
СС˷ܣһɫѿ
ŽڼССɫãҲģˣ˭ްӪССɳҲǺģҪȻɳϸʤ
򵼵ͷûﰲӪҲɳײˣǶ㲻ġ
ңǣԲôôΣյ
ԲǵʱҲûô࣬ǡԲ𣬲ڸô찡ӻԭλ𣿡
û˳֣ССҲܣһ뵽ԼоöΣգ˺޲øԼݺǶ⡣


297 Ŀ

īѾ֪ľ״ڵûãڻʱ䣬ǵøϽж
ͲҪɳˣ޵һʯϣУĽһЩŮͬ־棬ͬ־ĴһЩ
ҹһ飬ҲҪ˯̫һжҪЩϻѵһЩҰޡ
УѪζ϶Ұ޵ģҪϽˡ
īûа㵣ǣûлңܿгģǸҳһö衣
ǰţ˵Ķԡ԰԰һɫĲ˵µǸ뿪ˣҪȻҹ˵һĻױɳϮ
ûСµͷþͽӦԵ׼
һԼľٶȻ£Ҳкõһ棬ССɫźһЩ뵽пܱɳΧϮɫǺòȥ
򵼣ոţİֻҪŹ죬ɳûˣͻ׷ǵġ
죿
һ뵽ҪɳǸ죬ͷ飬ˣҲûãֻŬѽҹȶȹȥ
ǣæ
̵Ḷ̌ͬ־ҲڷɿĴ
ˮˮиһûüˮ
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޵ˮȻǵˮҲһֱã԰԰صط˾ҩƬˮͰˮˮȣ⣬ԡ
౻С渵īˣСֻϴ򵼺ӹȥæôͲҪı߽߱ǽԼͷŪ˸塣
ҶҲ֪ʲôģȸī˻ʱ춼Ѿȫ
Ϊɳ͵Ϯߣȫû֮ǰɻõա
Ϊ˻ԾգôҲôģЦ棬ԿѵĺܣûаǮŪҽҲпڸˡ
ûСҲӻˣǺúܿĺã飬˵
СµĻЦЦϻǹŵǣûһˣһһţյһɨ֮ǰյĵͳ
ò˵⿾ĻǲģȻûС֮ǰݵôóԣҲ㲻ϾҲ֪ɳĮĴϲû֬ȻũĲˡ
Ҷ˼飬߲㱥ͣ£Եġ
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īҶԱߣΪ£ϰһֻذ׳
ţ
Ҷ治Ŀ
ŷȻһֱңһСԶˣҲ޴
Ҷҡͷذ׻ã㻹ԼŰɣˣлɳǲ᲻һеĽģ˵ˣзе
ԼҶǰǹīһ£˵Ƕ򲻵ѣǲõĺá
ʲôã
Ҷǲ⣬ܿ׹˵ͷȴ룬Ϊҵķֻһǹɣ
ԴɳǻϮʼīʱʱһֱûҶ뿪ߣҶҪȥرߴˮīҲš
ҶҲûоܾīĹģȻ֣ڣԸֻɳûʲô⣬ûҪ¶Լʵǡ
ذ׾ûҪøīˣҪȻˣô졣
ҹɳĮ¶ѸٵĽΧŻŻһûһ˵Żû˷Ϊɳ뿪ѱߡ
Щ˻֪ɳʲôģԣᣬ򵼷˸ҿɳ
˵ҹҰⱻͻȻһҪͷпǣһͷǾҧĲӣûˣɳɳĮӣɳǸΪ׺ݡ
ɳҲиϰߣ׷һ죬컹ûֵĻᣬͻɢˡ
ʵɳĮµĲɳޣɳĮоϣǼһ֮
ԶԶһΣʱС˵գտŶģʱǿ˱оϿʳĶֻʣɭɭ׹ǡ
УסҲҪСģ˵пжЫ߶ʲôģʱȰΧһģ߲Ŀˡ
һʱ˯ţǴҾһ˵һһ߿ǿգŽڲѧţȻǺʹռʹ˵ˡ
дɶģǹƻᱻΣҺ


298 ̫

Լ˿ʮʱͻȻ˼΢ĺ볯ķȥǸīĵط
ɫ죬ʶսԼĶ
ʲôѽ䣬ͬ־˳ֵĳջ
ˡһ㶣Ȼϲ뵽ʲô־ǲ֪˶٣ɳǿǺܽƻġ
ī˶٣һƥһƥ
⻰˵ղŵĺӦŪٲǡ
С˷ܵĴ֣ԾԾԣҾҲƥ˲֪֪ģŲõէһûʲôرģֻ֪ǾģȻôûˡ
֪ˡ
Ҷڶ֪ԭīŪ˿ӣȻӵײ˼һľְѴҴ档
ɳû岶ɱ֪Ѫζʱǵ崦ڿӱǻ󣬵мֻɳǱסȥǱ壬ڼϣЩҵģҲˡ
û˾øīʲô̵ģȻǿʳοǴ˾ҲΪԱ
Ȼɳ壬ҲûҪȥɵģʱ뿪ѣȥߣͷȻûɵɵˡ
԰԰սĵĿҶһۣҶ氲ţȻûпڣЩʧ
ѰĹĹŵģΪ˶ԸɳǣҲóˣҶҲһ
԰԰ӡҶ˵Ĵ򶼲ң˵ǺӦû֮ĲǣˣҶ濪ڵĻҪô˵ҶĲǣ֪Ҷ澹Ȼûڡ
ҪҶ֪԰԰뷨һѧһаȵЦȻŲɳ𣬲û̻ǹڣһ䡮̫ˡ
ҲɳǸŭˣӦȻ󵽰ҹжģ֪Χ˫͵۾ںڰзĹ⡣
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ʵ˵ɳΧʱ򣬸īиоվעŻղĵط
һĶҲ׷վΧܿͿ̹⡣
ӣɳûˣ١
ŽæҲҪţлڣɳǲóȻġ
Ҷ֪֪ɳΧţ˭Ҳ̩Ȼ֮ŲԼıɳǰ
ʵҶǲģŲ𣬵ҶվˣҪĵţʵڲ񻰡
һ˫˫͵۾Ҷס죬˸ǷҪǴҶ棬û˻ͽȥˡ
ΣҶûʲôòġ
лڣɳֻΧŲɥʬɲ͹ɥʬɱʮֻɳĶˣҲˣǻ͹ܶˡ
ҶЩĵ۾ʮƥǰҲˣҪǶٹҵһˡ
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ʮӹȥˣһСʱȥˣѾʼƣĴǷˣϾһ·ӪʱΪɳǵżæŵĽиֲãʵ۵ĹǺ
Ҷһ͵͵Ƿľٶī˼һ£ڣûҪ̫ţлڣʲôģǻø·ҹˣ˻ǸϢϢɣҪȻɳŲס
򵼣ûȻΣգɰҲΣգǲֻϣɳǿǰƣˣҲṥġ
ССԴ֪ɳǺɫͲãһ黹죬ɫ͸ÿˣȻ˶ûǵ˼ɵΣеģôܺܡ
ҺСɣҹҺú˯
СĻС͵ĵͷûҺСͬ־ҹҷģһĶɳǣǹġ
زסС򵼻䣬ССɫԣæ͵ҹͺۣҪһ˯Ȳ˵ҪһֱҷɵĶɳǾвУ˵ڶ·ҲǸ⡣
ҪϣһСˤȥûô졣
ѽҲǹģûҪôѹ
ǣǴһ壬ȻиͬͬˣûɳǣɳǷϻǻһġ
Ž˵û˷ɳǣȻͬ־ȥ⣬һСĺɳײϣǲŽкء


299 ӿɽ

Ǻ͸ţ˵ʼҹ˰ųһҹ˵һЩСʱҲܿ͹ȥˡ
Žڻ䣬ҷ׷ͬ
ᣬŲгĸīС£ǴҶĶ룬ǻᣬСЦģīȻô˵ƶıѾôĶ²١
ʱ԰԰ˡ
ŮƽȣŮͬ־ҲҪҹ
Сͬ־Ҳͬ˵ǰҪֻͬ־ҹ̫ˡɳǾ滢أͬ־ҹҪʲô⣬ǿô졣
īֻ΢˼һ£ͬˡ
԰԰īͷҲͬ⣬ϵԾһĨȸԾҪ뷨˵
ֻǣ˵С¾һԣɿĲ
ͦõģŮ䣬ɻۡȻѾʮˣ˵һһСʱһСʱˡ
źҶһ飬ҺСͬ־һ飬ȻǺСһģģСͬ־һ飬ûɣȻҽͺСһ顣
ŽںʹˣͲҹˣúϢ
īȻᷴԣ˾͸ûʲôˣһСʱܿ͹ȥˡ
С͵͵ĶŸīգգ۾ʾţôһɡ
īƳһ۶С£û˵õ䡣
ʵС²˵īҲҶ氲źԼһģ̫ˣȻСô˵Ҳ֪ɵǲһô
԰԰ҲܵŴҵҪ͸īһ飬Ŀ̫ˣԣܲˣҲֻŴӦ¡
ɵĵСһۣ̲סС£Ҷ˰ô
СҪ֪԰԰Թԣһֱ׳ش£ҶɩӣǸһ鱾
ҶûҶ浱Ȼˡ
ҹ˵ûʲô⣬һСʱܿ͹ȥˡ
һۻѣҶ¶źϧܿҪȻĿǸоһܲ
ע⵽Ҷı飬īΪǾò˯ûעʱƵߣû£㵽ʱֻ˯žͺá
īԼĻ°Ҷ潻ػҶһ飬Ҳ취˵ġ
һԿţģҶˣԱ߼š
ҶգЦЦҡͷǿɲУŶӰŵҿɲ͵
ȸī˵ʲôҶͻˡ
ʱ仹磬Ҫһᡣ
Ҷ˯㣬滻ڵһֱ
īպ򵼷򸾶˻˸ڣҶĶߵߣ棬˯ɣء
Ҷû˵·Ķ˼֡
԰԰˯⣬ɳڣ˯̫һֱԺģñ滻ڵѣģ˸īҶ˯ĻʱŮͬ־ƾʲôͶҶôãҲѰ
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СֱܵˣһҲæ
Ⱑ
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ȻܿͱɳɳĮһ·ѣɳԵĺðκͺţɾͲ˵ˣǰĴϳˣϻųһ١
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ģû뵽Ǹ˰ѹŽںһֱҶͿġ
ҲīŭһĻȻǶӾηģŽںӻ֮ܺǰһ븵īог·ߺͰţҲҽҺ͸ī˵仰ˡ
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ССһ飬ǰ㶼īҶǱߴȥ
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ĿǰȱԵģ˭Ҳ֪ƻʮ·ǲǾʮ죬;᲻ʲô鵢ˣȻǲ˷Ѷġ
ҶҪǸҶ֣ƻһ˷ʳ϶ᱻڸġ
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ȻɳĮһ٣ҶҶȴһɻʱͬ־͸ȷҶ治³ˡ
ҶĴŴ磬ǳԲϺò˺Ĳ˵ˣƫƫʶͱʾû³
ͬ־˳һ䣬ȻҶʵĻش
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ǣҶѾ룬ǲӦһżīˮװˮˡ
ˮˮĻҲǲǴˮǽӵġŻʡһˮá
ЩˮҲֹţǲǿīһĵɽȱ˵Ķ˵װһЩˮҲֲǡ
зСɰ˵ɳĮˮװˮ룬֮ǰѾдˮˣͲˡУˮǾõֹʽˮװġ


306 ɳ

ҶյʱСˤһӣҲۣЬ˲ɳӡ
ϣҶûסˮˮϴţ԰԰󣬱˵һ䡣
Ҷ£ǵˮˣһȡˮ˳Ļأʡˮĺá
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С±ҲԼˮﹱ׳ȥģϾɩӵĴȿҪ룬ȻǺ⣬һųԴˣԼҪԿͷǾû
԰԰ɫʱЩÿƳһ۸īû˵ת뿪ˣīʲô˼ÿһҶʡˮԱ߸ƻ
ˮǴҹõģ˶ûˮϴţƾʲôҶҪô˷ѣƾĽźÿô
С³һ뿪԰԰Ƴһ£ĵһˮôˣѵûҪȱˮʱ򣬸ź취ġ
֮ôеСº͸īɳĮȱˮʱǹŴɳˮʲôģĲˣǾǿɳĮ²ռˮȹġ
ˮãõģһŪġ
Ҷ浽ûøīˮˮϾ΢ϴһ²ϸɳԼһˮҲ๻ˡ
ϣԹ󣬸īæˡ
˸طӣҲ֪﷭һϲȻмϼϴɾĶʯ
ڸīڿӵʱҶ滹Щ֣ǿĲ׹ˮˮӦû㹻ģھҪռˮˣ
ҲīΪΪˮҪˣʶĸԼ԰԰ҶĿǴָ
ҲֻŽں˿˿īŪռˮĶһ£Ȼ
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һֱȻﲻʲô϶԰԰˵󣬸īѾ˽ӣÿռˮҶõûôŵġ
Ϊ˸ռˮΪ˸Ūˮϴţ
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Žڼ״ʵôˣǲǻ磿
СҪɳ˰ɣ
ī̧ͷһɫֿһڴղҶ棬ﻬһĨǡ
С򵼵ͷ򵼳ڣǻһ磬ɳĮ磬ǻһɳ
һɫҲæʵô죿Աܿ𣿡
СһβѣԼ⻹ѻ찡
ĵ˭Ҳ֪һ緢ɳΧ󡣡
īôǶҪ뿪ɳģѰҿԶɳĵضΡ
Žڣǻʲôǿʰɡ
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Űɳϵβ˴ƷҲôǰԼհһ飬ץӡ
һ·ϵģǿܳɳķΧǳһɳ
ҾƣĿձߣµͬʱȴҲûʲô⡣


307 

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Ҷ֪ī͸ں棬ɳΣôһӶԭԼġ


308 ׸

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ڵڶŻġ
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īͷǾͺá
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309 ô֪

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ҶһֱԼԽ󣬻ͦ͵ģڱ׷ɱ˼κ󣬸ǵ͵ĲУӣܶ飬ܱܿܿġ


310 310

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Ӫǻỹ˵Ŵ˿ڵҽŷ֣һֱҧأ߶һ˿ڴúҲزסιȥˡ
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312 Ҳſ

Ҷ棺ɫ˵
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313 

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Ҷһоޱȣô᣿
īûע⵽ҶĲԾ˵š
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ҶҡͷûУûо˵ǾЩ˼ѡ
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ҽ˵ʱԴ˵̫أʧѪ࣬ǰļӰ졣
ԣҶͷȻҲĻӦһš
˭û˵һʱ䣬ĬС
һīˡ
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Ҷû뵽īôʣ󣬲ſڣšĩĻˣô᲻š
Ǽ˭ݵĳҶɲǵãԼк˭˵飬ˡ
ֻһ֣ȴøīԾ˻ϲı飬Цţ˵Ĳ֪ҪôԼ飬ֻҶֽ˽
ҲںڰУû˿īı飬ҪȻСһһ
ţô@@ŵģţôɩӾûأҪע󰡡
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īȻ֪ҶСûʲô뷨ô˵ӣЩ
ллСɰǵİοҶпŶǣôô~~~


314 ȪļӸ

С֪Լһ·˺üȦһ˺ԹһòŽоĵӦôߣûмīҶأͱīСʱˡ
벻ɳĮŹȻĹл޵ôܡ
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ҶЩ֣Ҷ϶ļ¼ѵûжĹһд
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ī֮ҲǺҶһԵʣռʯҲһʱˣ˵Ϣ¼ˣȻЩоġ
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ҲæڣԣϢһᣬǳԵ㶫Ъ˾ͼǰ
ô˵ֲСȻܿŽڶǰ·ҲһչüΪ˲Ӱ·ǰԾû˵ʲô
ҶûʲôΧ˳۵λϢ
ѹɶ˵ǲζɶҶ˵ʵǡ
ʱѹɿɺͺζͿζĲһѹɴһЩʳ׿ƤһƳɵģҪΪӣڿζ붼֪ʲôġ
ӣ԰¶㹽±棬Ժ廨նԽ㣬ԡʲôãºȸ࣬Ը˿Ҳãǲѹɡ
˵Ҷûпռ䣬ҲͲˣռЩԵһأΪʲôҪѹɣ
֪һʱ򣬻ر⣬ʳڷҪĶҶԹһ㶫󣬵ҲͺˮĶûԡ
֮ǰȻ͸īͨûڣ͸ī죬ôϣȻûԶġ
ǲ̸Щ飬ͨԱߺСһͣĳԶҲ̫ˡ
īҶ濴ѹɷŲ³Եģѹɣӿڴͣͳһŵ


315 ôͻȻ


Ҷû뵽֮ǰīĿȻûгꡣ
ҲǱȽϵԶҲûע⣬Ҷ͵˵óԡ
棬ĹҲûдڣίһ£ȳȥˣҸһԣòãīţ֪ཿģһ⣬Ͳ
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īôҶһ߶ǶС´˸ɫҲȥˡ
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īЦĵղŻ˵أ
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С֪϶ڰ͵ЦԼ˰ɣ
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316 û

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ҷ֣ǽһЩǿԻġ
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īǸղ߹ˡǰԶϢĵط
ҶֻԻὨұ߾ͼ򵥴ֱˣоǾұȷĵ·


317 

ʮӵʱҶͻȻһ˿ĪĸооԽԽǿңҪԶѡ
ǣٴֲڵʱҶҲģԼܵĸоָ˷
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һΪǻԹһʱء

ǸţķкãǴˡ
С⻰ԼһЦͬĵͷ˵Ǹʲô˰սôܷвá
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СºǺһЦŽڣ㰡ͷİɣǾڴЩ㹻ǿˡ
֮⣬ҶзִˣӰǼ¼оġ


318 㻵

ĵ׵ĸоڽΪǿңҶ治ɰͶм̨ϣʲôûУҶܸоĶ
Ҷ治ɵǰȴͣ룬תī
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Ҳ˹Žڣ֪Ĺ˵ݺ͵λ𣿡
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֮⣬ô֪ûΣջ˵Ҷٳʲô⣬ܾصˡ
Žԣϱ黺˻ɻܿ


319 ˵̫

Լ˶ȴСͬ־ҶЩ˼æʵŽڣˣ˵˵ղʲôôͲˡ
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ǹŴܹɽľĹ˵壬һϣǰĹһƻԻͣ˵Ĺһ˵ҲܵĹ
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Ȼûй餣ǣƲ⣬Ĺҿڴ棬Ͼ޵һ㶼ڴ档


320 ˲


СŽڣ˵ǸĹȺǲԱ߻Ĺڣ
ŽҡͷŴȼɭϣȻһôԱ߾ͲбĹڣ˵ĹȺǵֵ˶Щ˽⣬ǴĹҵһĹңԾ˺ܶ˵ĹȺɡ
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ƺ뵽ʲôסˡ
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ǸʱھæĽŲմصģûر⣬룬ʱ򵼵ɫƺЩá


321 ҶϷеӰ

п򵼷ȥ𣿡
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Ǽǲǵã֮ǰӪߵʱǴ򵼴ߵġ
ӵĻһͻȻ
ԭǴһߵɳȥģǻ֤ŽڹۿأͻȻǣͷգߵһߵɳǴҾ͸ˡ
ǻûʲô룬ƺЩԾ
ڿʯ󣬴򵼵ɫЩţֻǻû⣬ǿҲֻǵˮԵʣһ룬ôһ¡
ǿȥ˰ɡСͬ־ȷ˵
ɫԥû˵ʲô
ī˸ܲ׽Ϣ۾΢΢УѾԺһ
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ҲۻˣȻ߶̫ã˵˼䣬Ҳˡ
һڵڶ̫ɽ֮ǰų˵µġ
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ӪҪһСʱ
Ҷ֪Ȼڵصôʱ䣬ͷߵҲѹ˵ĹȺˡ
ҲֻǴŵһѣĹлһĵطûȥء
ҶĹеĹﲻȤĶѾĿռˣЩŽоҲͦõġ
ʵҶܴ˳ˣһ·Ͽ˲پŽһ˵µĴԵĿ΢˽һ£ҲһķѲʱ䣬οҶҲñֵĺԼĹԼҺ԰һ
˵Ҳ֣ҶǸ·ţ֪󣬾Ȼʶ·˲˵ɳĮܿŸоȫĴ߳Ĺ
һڿռﰲŵִҶ治Щ֣ѵִԵʣ
֮ǰƽô˵
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ڿǴҷϴ󾢲ģҲСº͸īϴһӣҪȻҶ͸īСףŽһҲû취
ʱ򣬴СԸߵɳҿ˿ͻȻ۾һ˷ܵı飬ֶ֡
٣⣬⡭
һС˵ӣҲ׷˳Сºķȥ
Ǵ򵼺С򵼡
һͷգæӭȥ
ô򵼿ˣЩȣھĹôˡ
ȻڵĺܺãҶ͸īǿ˴ϷɿһĨ
Ҷ濴һ۸īдų˼֪Ҳˡ
ǵ¡ͬ־û˵꣬ӾʹĻ
򵼺Сô
ǰô
С򵼣ǰæ͹ˮˣɳĮôҵ̫¸ɻûˮôУ˵ˣǾҪȥҲҪˮѽ
Ҳſ򵼷նˮգˮĶѾװˮˡ
ҶлɣҲﲻʲôæˮˮҲˣ֮ǰŽ˵ˮԴڸҲˣǾҴˮˡ
ЩεĽӻǺҽ˵˺ܿͻȥǶҲϤù˳磬ƫ˵
ǷֵʱĺԶˣòߣǷˮⲻˮظء
Ҷ濴һŽڣĵ򵼷ȥˮĵطӦþǻҶϷһҵˮĵطɣ
˵ǾʯԶ⻹вԶ
뵽򸾵˼Ӫصˮϲء
е˰
ʵҶ治֪ǣǼ¼׼ȷһĹȺ̫ˣҪǳĳ㣬ˮҲСʱѡ
֮ǰҶ˵ȥһ飬ҶϷ򸾵ȷû㵽
ǱܿĹȺĵطģ֪ĹȺ̫׻Žһ˷˹Ĺ
ҲǴΪʲôɫԣˡ
ˣŽڣôˣǰͷھ𣿡򵼺ǲ⡣


322 ô

СҲɻﲻӪأ춼ˣŽڵô
˵Ž̾һ˵Ȼȥɡ
򵼺СȻŽһôɼһƣҽˮͲסĺȣҲҪ˵ӣҲͲˡ
Ϣһģ򵼷򸾣ڣ뵽ҽһӪزȫҾ·ȻصӪٺúϢ
ˮ䣬Ȼǲ˵ģһǰһЩߵĶϣû취ʵ̫ˣΪصӪأǼԼϵĸɡ
īҲҶĲȥģɸͱҶܾˡ
Цȥ˻ôһ·ˮ˵ˣô죬͸īԵĶ
˵пռʯڵģһСĵأ
īҶ治ԸϣǾűҲУҶҲܾˡ
ͻȻĹģϴĶ࣬ҶװһЩͶСʳôĹôãʱżæŵҳ·ˣĹ졣
ûҶڽ챳Լͳһ㶫øīָ˳ԡ
ʵҲʲô֮ǰ˶ĿװԼԵΣʵսռˣȻ࣬Ҷ͸īԣСҲҶĸĿ죬ȻҪԶ١
ԣҶóҲ㹻ҳһЩʱ䣬Ͼѹɲǡ
û֪ҶóģǸī֮ǰӪȡʱҪ˳Եģû뵽ϵĹô顣
ڸī赭д˵ѵʱҶһԿû˻ɣĵȻҶԸī˵ΰ
ҶҪ֪óȻŽڵĹһ죬֮ǰһóġ
Ӫ
԰԰ڵʱѻѵˣ򵼺С뵽ȥˮûٻŽʮһ˵Ĺδ
ʱйȥ̽ôҲǵȥĶڣͺһƾʧһ
Ա߻żССİ԰԰ҪΪԼҴطˡ
ҹ԰԰һϢֻڻǰһᡣ
򵼺С򵼲īŽһͻȻʧˣһˣ־ʣԼһɳĮţͱˣ԰԰ãֻǿһᣬʼӪظʼˡ
̫ԶԼСԶ·
ᣬһûһµĳ
ͻȻ
һʼ԰԰ԼˣɺԽԽԾȸԾǴ򵼺С򵼰ɣ
æ˳ǰ˼ȴͣ
У涼ˣ뿪Ӫأûлڣһ·ʲôΣô졣
ңһǴ򵼷ˡ
뵽԰԰תȥ룬ǾòȫӰ﷭һذĵ
ᣬ԰԰΢侲ȴЩһ˽ɳĮһڣȥȡˮĴ򵼷˻ֻһˣ᲻ʲô˼
԰԰ô룬ĽҰ붼׳£οɳĮ
ɳĮ˾һ˶ˣǶԷҪ֣ռĶҲûпܵġ
֪򵼷򸾼ɲãҪȻ˭ҲԸɳĮǡ
԰԰ʱԽԽˣԶյĶ԰԰֪ûǴ򵼷˻ˡ
ɴʱ԰԰ûһ֮ǰ˷ܣҲѣŬԼıȻһЩɵִ򵼷˵ʱͻȻס
ۡ԰԰󣬶ĲͳȥĿǻ
ȥˣ֪֪ҷ־ʣһ˵ʱжš
ô԰һ˶£ʲôҲҡ仰Թί
ͬ־΢ʹһЩҲ֪԰԰һĻºǺ£ԸʹһĹҲԸԼһġ
ԣ԰԰ܹʱͬ־۵ְ뻳ļ򣬰οû£û£Ƕˣǳ˵⡣
԰԰͵ͬ־ʱһ£ȴҲƿͬ־ֻѹĳ
һʼǻҵģŽһ˶ڣͲˣô˵ҲǾҽûܺͿѹ
԰԰ô֪ĲףмΣӦ˵ϧѡ


323 Ҷ

Ҷһ۸īôãղ԰԰Ǳģ
˵ҶˣСҲ԰԰ǳǸģϾһʼͬ־ɲ⣬Ǹſһͬ־óġ
īװûע⵽ҶǲСµĻɣ̧ͷ˵ܣƽŲŲһЩȴҶߴȥ
԰԰ͬ־ţðƿĿȴŭĿһҶ棬Թ㣡
Ҷ汻԰԰һɣƳ˸īһۣǵһ
īǨŭʲôûɰ
СһԺܼĿһĻ͵Ц
ȻŸţܾɩʰŵϷ롣
ͬ־òװ԰԰οãҶѾڻǰˡ
ûһէһصӪŵ
԰԰ֻԼһһˮȻٲ˵ġ
һҲæͬ־Сͬ־Ȼǰæˡ
Ҷ棬˵³ǻᣬҲû֡
Ҫ֪ղŴĹ֮ǰ˵⣬Сͬ־Сͬ־վλɿ壬һʱȥҶֿİסġ
ǻḵīͷˣСں棬֣мֻҶ棬Ȼֻж̶̼ӣҶ澾ˣķҲС
Ҷ棬Žһ˶ѾûԵһȺˣȺȹΣ˵ʱԼˡ
ԵĲˣҲ˵
컹ǾգҲоգǡ
԰԰ȣ˵ŽѾ¹ĹˣȻлɹô˵ЩԾġ
ûȻȥģҲţǺȷµĹȺСܶ඼ܰǹҶɳĮŹĿհϡ
ȻˣŽһ˵״̬ͺһһд˷ܵĹâ
ŽںڣҶ͸īûô˵˵עǷڴ򵼺Сϡ
ȻŽ˵ĹȺʱҶ͸īע⵽뵽һĨ
īⶢһСҶ濴һ۸ī˼
Ҷɲһʱ죬ˡ
ģңһġ
īų̵ĽڣСºȥȻʱȻС»ģҶ⵽С¶Դ򵼺С򵼰š
ĵĲʱ򣬴Ҿ׼Ϣˡ
ʱͬ־˼Ŀ˹Ҷ߶˼䣬ҶȻĵͷ
ãȥء
ͬ־ЦЦ֪ҶĽڰˣ˯ǰϸС⣬ùҹҹǡ
ɳĮʼȥʱͬ־һ㶼ẰҶһ𣬵ȻżҲ԰԰Сͬ־ĻҶ档
֮ǰҶԸɳǣĹһЩٶͬ־ԸҹʱҶһˡ
ûãͬ־ͻŻææײײܻˡ
׼Ϣ˲һ㶡
˭ܿͬ־ܻң·ûá
ʲôˣͬ־һйоصˣ·˲ġ
ͬ־ôˣ
ʲôˣ
Ҷأ
īˮ׼ҶݽãһΣ͵վµջɲɵİѹˮ򷭣һЩ档
ͬ־ô£治Ǻһȥôһ˻ī£ϸķŭɱ⡣
£ûע⵽īҶĳƺ
ҶΧͬ־
ңҡͬ־ŵһ·Сͬ־첽ǰ˷סŴġ
죬кöǣȺȥҶ¡ͬ־΢ָԼܻķ򺰵öǣܶܶ࡭
ʲô
Ⱥ
ͬ־Ļû˵꣬īͳԱߵ˳ͬ־ָķ򣬳ȥ
ͬ־˵ʱ԰԰һʶĿīһеľҪȥֹīȥ
Ҳ֪˵ûã԰԰Ҳģŵǰһסīֱۣסͬ־˵ˣ̫ˣΣգ㡭ȻȺȥҲûˡ
Ļû˵꣬ī͵ذ˦

īȥҶôµġ԰԰˦ڵأȴһеľҪȥסī
ǿȺʲôСèСȥһΣյġ
ͬ־ܻҶҪôȺҪôѾˣ뵽԰԰Ըøīȥˡ


324 쾭

Ǹīûͣ£Ŀ԰԰ס֣첽Խ԰԰
о԰԰ĵסĶīתͷһС£ŭС£𣿡
һС͵ػع˸ֱӷӦ죬ס԰԰ҽˡ
ղŸ񣬾ץסڵҽҪȻһҲʰˣСҲӣ˲Ůб𣬰˾סˡ
û԰԰·īܿʧںڰС
ǰ󲻹ӵʱѣ˷Ӧʱ򣬸īѾһԶˣСҲ˦԰԰ץҪȥ
ССԥһ£Ҳǲ߳ףɫõͣˡ
ڴʱǺ岻ɶ˶ٶһɫ͸ѿˡ
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Ǻ֮ǰɳòƲһ׺ݣöԸ
ʱǵĿˮӷݼ䣬׺Ҳбޱȡ
С½Ųסţû취ֻúССһ˻ػѱߡ
԰԰ƺˣߵĶСºС£ΪʲôҪңӦðѸī¡
С±Χţȥ︵īҶ棬Ѿˡ
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ȥ︵žɩӣɱֹˣʱ԰԰һԺС͵ػͷһ԰԰ŭˣҽⶼʲôʱˣǽкˡǸȥҶ±ӦõģΪʲôҪ
˵ȡ֣
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԰԰ûҪֹĴ㣬Сŭ֪жΣգΪʲôѸīҪǳʲô飬㸺𣿡
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԰԰˼ĿС£ҡͷƺСµĽ͡
㣬ܵġǲǲʶ
С¶ٻ˼һԺ棬ֵ̫ѿ԰԰εŸţСϴξͲˬˣСͷ
ǣѾ˵СûҪͣЪ뷨ŭҾͲˣ֮ǰ֪Ǹжôǲġ
֪֪һ·ϣΪĲʶȤɩӸų˶ͷ
ҲɩԺãѿûƽϣôôûûƤأ
⻰˵ļ䲻ӣ˵Сͬ־ͬ־Ůͬ־ˣŽڵҲΪ԰԰е
δ޵ֳĽδޣôòʣҶһ·ûҽֻԺã̫̫Ϊˡ
ΪʲôҪ¸ţˣ˭֪ԼԼΣնܲˣ
⻰˵Ȼû˵ҲԴ˺ͬ
ī֪ҶΣն֮飬Ҳôùȥġ
ңҡ˵ʲô԰԰һһԼƱֻǵĸţѣ֪˭ΣУ᲻һеȥ¡
ʵСҲûзĿ԰԰֪ⲻĽƱѡ


325 

԰԰˵ƺԴǵ֪ô룬ǻҲԣ֪ص飬ΪʲôҪøīȥգǿͷǣǺǵ𣿡
ͬ־˵ˣȺ˺һ˲Ҫʱ䣬ͬ־ӻѾˣīȥôǸȺѡ
ͬ־ŬͻȻ԰԰Ļڣҽ⻰˵ľͲˣǴһģΣգȻҪˡ
԰԰˿ͬ־û˵˭ܿϵ˼ҪԼһܻˡ
ҿɲǶҶԼܻģǷȺʱѾĺܽˡͬ־͵Ҷ棬һ԰԰͸ˡ
ʱҶһңҸϽ
Ҷ´Ӫﲻ֪ᱻǹҸϽ֪ͨҵġ
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ȷ˵Ҷǡ
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Σͬ־ԸߵʱҶ˵һѣͬ־һ£ȴҲֻҶĴߴٵĺӪܡ
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326 ᲻

ҶرƵģΪ˶Ըĩɥʬõģû뵽ɳĮԸȺˡϾͺãҲ˷ˡ
ûмУ̫ԶģסǶֻڲ
ǱҶһ¸ŵɢһӲǰͷҶŵȻԥһ׷ͬ־ӪȥͷǣԶԶɢҶ棬
ҶǻַųһɳĮԽҰĳӣҲŭ˺ҧϵڳβϼϣϳŲǰߡ
īģֵϺ۾ǲɳϳĺۼ
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ֻСһ˻Χȥ
СɫڣѾڸҹˣûźɩӡ
ȻѾ˵ˣСµȻڵˣȻޱȡ
ûˣ
ͬ־żʵСͬ־ʲôû˰
ﵹдǣûпڣҲûпɩӵӰҹˣûǵټ
ŽڣżûˣҲʲô£˵ûʲôأֻԶˡ
Žô˵һ£ô
ûӳο˵ˣûϢǺϢ𡣡
ǰ£ûϢǺϢ˵ܹȺΧأȻû˾ܡ
һǲģȥҡС˵ţֵͲ̤ڰС
ȻȺҲ֪ɩ˵زأǺɩһɣ
ͬ־ҲץֵͲҲȥ
Ҳȥ
ҡ
Сͬ־Сͬ־Ҳ׷׿ڡ
ҶǾȹǵġ
˶ڣǵĻֵͲִŻѣǡ
īǱߣ˳Ϻۣһʼǿ첽ߣ棬ǰ
ѾһˣѾޱȣǳϺ۵ķ׷ȥ
īܾãϺۺҶйϵȻһ·żѪȷϹˣҶѪ
Ҷ沢֪īˣҲ֪ͬ־ĺ仰ͬ־ûīҲġ
ڣҶڳóĿռʯо
ռʯһҶôģͺһ㶯ûС
Сʱ
Ҷٵİѿռʯʱ򣬿ռʯӫ⣬Ҷڵıϵͬ˳ĳˮһ㣬ʧˡ
Ҷ棺Ұɣ
ڣֻʧû֡
ҶηŵŪһŴģӿռ﷭ֺıӣһǣ׼˯һᡣ
īҰʱѾҶµʬԶˡ
ѵ
ѾҹĵˣѾߵĸīһǰͷжǾţעһ˵Ⱦ˹ȥΪŻѲܣԼĨڻΣյİѻѶˡ
桭
Ѿ˻ޱȣһĺš


327 Ҫ

棬桭
īܵʬѲԶʱϺҲûУĵ˺ҧⱥһٵҰǡ

⡭
īɵ˿ԭһڱ͵ҰޱԼϣ˿۴׹ĶԼʱ򣬾ͣסˡ
ߺ״һѾ߰㣬ϵĵʬңȷûзҶӰīһ
ȻҲһֱţ棬㲻µģ㲻µġ
ǾãҶ治¡
ڸī΢˲䣬Ұ޳׼ʱ䳯˹ȥ
ڸīʱҲģǹˡ
飡
飡
飡

īеǹҰ޴ǹѸԺ˯ûõҶ泳ѡ
ͳԵıֱīͷҰһһѷܿˡ
ҶŤͷ˿ܣϴº뿪ӣְѳսռ䣬һƣΪܺú˯һأ֪ҹģҲ
ѲɸĿŶӣ
ҹɳĮεĲСҶ濪ɳĮԽҰӱмɳصãµĺۼɳһ룬ɸī˳źǰȥ
桭
棬
˳ŷεҶߵʱҶסˡ
ī
Ǹīɣ
뿪˳ӣҶվںɳĮУֻѾµԲ»ǿΪŹ
Ҷ뵽ʲôӿռóһЩ̣һЩ͵ȼ룬ͳźǹһǹ
ɫĻųβգīһǰͷɳźŵ𣬸żæŵķԽǰɳ
棬ңҺܿ͵īţ֫ƺˣüһֻˤȥ
òײԼ侲ɳҲǺüӺˡ
վڻѸҶʱʮĸīЦˡ
桭ī죬Ͳš
ã
û¡
ãҵˣ
ͻȻҶɫһ䣬ƺ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵̧еǹ׼ī˵Ŀǹ
飡
ī㣬ôԭأֻҰ޵ıţҶ溰ī
ԭǣǱī˽ʳҰޣܵһ󣬲ķŹī˹ֻǣûǷͱۼҶһǹһĽˡ
īܣеҪϵȥĽŲ͹ǦһزѣֻһһĳҶȥĿƣһգҶͲһĶš
ʮ׵ľ룬īӲŵ
վҶǰī´ûʲô飬Цţû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
䣬һɣ˾͵ȥ
Ҷæ˷סǱīˤɳϡ
ī㡭
Ҳѣ촽ɬɫЩף˫ĥѪݣЩѪݻĥˣմŲٵɳϵ鲻
ͷѪҹ䣬ּʱԼò˿סʧѪ࣬ĵڰ·˰ɣ
ȺȴҪҵĶˡ
Ÿī㣬Ҷܲζͬ־˵ˣԼչ˺Լ
ﵽӪؿɲô׷ˣ
ī㲻
ҶܿԳЦһ£°ϴβ˵𣬾Ҳſֵġ
ҶòײŰѻԵĸīѱߣּæ
棬££ڡ
棬һᱣġ
桭
˻еҶ﷢ᣬź֪ȴڵĹĸīҶ죬ȴʲôҲ˵
һᣬҶ˵в㣬㲻֪ɳĮΣ𣡡ҹ뿪Ӫأ޴Ϊаգᡭ

ǲҪˣ
ŸīͷѪҶ涯ֽ⿪·׼˿ڡ
ͷ˺ҧˣצ˺ˡ
˿ڲС
¸īڻУҲ۵˲
в㣬ֵ𣡣Ҷûסĵһ䣬Щʡ
ʱΪҵҶ棬īֻǰ˿ֹѪûʲôĸСʱѾĺѪմһ飬ҶʱŻôۡ
һ̣Ҹ˿ڴˡȻīڻУҶ滹ʶ˵ôһ䡣
īȻûκλӦģҶʱ˿ʱʶļ鴤
Ȼ֮ǰҲӰ﷭ʪȸī˲Ȼ󲻿óһںĲ۾ϡ
ǻȥˣһ;أҶɲ븵īֱħһĻ


328 Ҫ¶ռˣ

ǵɽûߣֻһڣҶҲˡ
˿ڣҶ涼֪Ϊʲôīϵ˿ڣＫΪĲЩԼȺûлȥ
ȥҲ˰ɣ
յļмůˮڸīϣҶ洦˿ڵĶܿ죬ܿͰ·£ˡ
룬Ҷַīһ롣
ûҶһͿī˫ֻ֣ٴóƾǩҩۡɴ
˫ϵѪӦһ·Ұ˰ɣ
ɳմ˵ѪĻ£Ҷ洦ĸѡ
룬Ҷӿռóʽ̨ƴ򿪣ŸīַԼϥϣͷ
֪ۣǲС
Űɡ
Ҷ״Ǻ͸ī˵ʵҲ
ɺɳմƾǩ˲ȻЧУֻðɴʪƾһһĸ
ƾ˿ڵĸо˭֪ʲôо¸īڻԵУҶ洦ָͷʱҲ̲ס˼
ʮָͷҲմɳĸֻҪƼѪˮҩͿԡ
īĻѪݣҶɴֶֻɴ
ҲˡҶ̨ƺ˵ôһ䡣
ɲǰûоĩʱᴦ˿ڣ˵пռҩˡ
ﲻԶɳĮںİҹֻҪɵ֪뿪Ӫһ·ϻܶΣգɸīˡ
Ҷ治֪˵ɵʲô
뵽ΪɳŪ˿ռʯһеķȥѰңȴû뵽ī
˻ԵĸīҶ̾һȡˮˮСĵιٺ˼ڣҶһ
졭
ı£ղòܳɳ׷ȥ
ǱɳıԵɳƶʧռʯĵطɳġ
ռʯζҶпҵԽִĿܣŷֶ˿ռʯ룬ӦڶɳʱǰͷСͬ־챻˦ȥԱߣ˳ֵסСͬ־
ǻСͬ־żæŵץסһİסƺҲץİ
ҶСͬ־𰴵Լϵʱ˦𣬰ڿеһȦҶæѰסǻƺʲô˳βɵȥ
ʱҶΪɳĮʯѣϸϸһ룬Ӧǿռʯ˦ˡ
ҪܵһĻ
Ҷ滹Զˣóģ֪ûóأͱ׷ĸī˵ˤɳϡ
棬㲻Ҫ
īϸǶĵġ
ҶҡͷɤӣҶ˶Ҫһ
īܻʲôҪ
ǴʱԣīĴҶƨƨˡ
ɳأǻҺɫġ
Ҷ汻īס֣ҶһѲֻöŸīȻ
ռ䡭ʯӲˣҪҵʯӡ
粻ϣҶɴֱĽģīĻ
ʲô
ҶԸīĶºգ˶ˣҲܲᣬīԴߺ˵Ҫʯͷʯͷˡ
ʯͷ
Ŷ
ī׹ʯͷôҪҪˡ
ҲףҶ˵ҪĻôҡ
Ұ㣬ڣȶһ㡣
㣿
ǹ֪һռʯȥˡ
û˳ղܣſԭأ׼ɳȥ
Ҷֻּܺ͸īһ𣬿ſڵϵߣ׼ɳȥ
ɳܴ󣬿ХٵĶʯСʯӶϴϼȦȻ
Сģ
īһѰҶԴԼΪЩʯͷ
ǿХҶҲʯͷҵīϵ
ʱҶۼĿ˲Զӫ⣬Ŭһϲѡ
ֻǣҪȥʱ򣬿ռʯ˶粻ľˡ
ҵĿռʯ
ҶҲ룬ƿīȥ
ռʯץˣǿɳضΣһˣ˾ȥ
ɳɳƺĸˣҶܿӾ˽ȥ
ˣ
ҶһѵҪ¶ռ䣿
ʱ򣬸īס֣ȵùɳ
Ҷ滹ۿɼٶȥ
īſҰɡ
Ҷ˵ǣܱܲ۾һȥҿռеǿԾȵĶ


329

ţ
֪ɳûɳĸīʹûҶסݡ
īſҰɡҶҪʹԼֹīĲӣһְѸīΡ
һīᶨɿҶ棬˲˻
ܵҶԱߵʱҶ涼Ѿݵˡ
īҲǰһѱסҶĸ첲Ҷ汧
ŸīҲɳҶɵۣ𣿡
ɳҲȥġ
ʮͷգɳҲɲ
ȥҪҡ
īû˵İҶУݵıҶ滹ȥҲܡ
īΪܰŪȥɣ
Ҷ濴һĿУī˵ĳۿһǹմ۵͵վ𣬴ܳȥôѸīҶ˳ȥ
Ҷſīӣԭղ;ſ뿪ǰϵϣһͷϵԼϣȻġ
ҶǱīŴɳģ֪͵ʱ򣬸ī˶ճˡ
ҲĸīĺãӵֻǴյϲǳۼӾŵǰҪȻīпܻᱻɳ˲
մܳȥӰֳ롣
뿪ɳķΧҶīģΪѵԵʡ
˷ߣôĵɳȥ
ɳʱŴȥġ
Ҷ͸īʰһ£ǣԶɳ
һҹЩʧҶɤӿڡ
īΪʲôҪ׷ң֪֪ɳôжΣգ
īѹߵĿЩЦЦ˵֪
ҶΪī˵ʱ˵ΣգҲſֵġ
𿴸īΪ˾Ҷûа϶ԺԼ֡棬ܸĵ׵ı;
˭֪ɳΪжðգֻҪû£Լˣ
ʵīҶ·ϻɳ
Ϊ;Ұ޲ԵĶ뿪Ϻ۵·ߣʮȥңû뵽ɳӦʱûߵм䣬֣СĵĴ뿪ɳ˾ͱȥˡ
ҶղŻеĸٸīҰѾӲˣûҪսռ뷨ڻѱߣżú
ûҶĿռﻹһЩúС١Сһһȵķúɲ٣ͷһЩڿռû뵽ᵹˡ
īԣΧв̣ҶҲܶԼȥңԣôϷúҲ֪ѹʱɳϾͺá
ûüҶҲ£һ˭Ҳ뵽ɳĮķúйϵǡ
벻ߣҶں󣬶ʱЩ˼һϣīܾţ벻죬ֵˡ
īȻ᲻ӦģͷֵͲ޴£Ҷͷɳȥ
ҵ졣
ҵĺС㰡ⶫɲô԰
һžͿҶеĿϣǰĲ輸һֻ֦ʣһˣԱߵĹǲٵ֦ƤͳԸɾ³֦ˡĿǱ˽ˡ
Ҷϵı˲ˡ
˵һ֦ѻС㣬ϲҲôԡ
Ҷ˵ţŲɿǰȻͣ£תһȥһ߼˵С㣬ϢһᣬҸ»裬ҪȻȵ˯ŶģҪϻˡ
˰СҲǵģϻˣҪˡ˵ˣҪ巢ȺϻˣǿɲǺܵġ
С㣬ɲٳˣҪУһ裬ʰʣµ֦űҲ»ỵ
Ҷ߶߶ĻҶЦˣҲôϻġ
ҲСҶƴӳ̽ԴĺȰС㣬̵ģһȵһ£ٸС»òã
һ£͡
ҶǳǳЦָѾƤ֦ĴУἸȥӦУ̵ġ
Ҳˡ̣ҲæˣҶȵˮͿˣմȵĺܣϢһᣬҲԵ֦ɡһ˵ţҶһóʪ˹ĲԼָ
ֱһøɾճʧˣҶ΢üͷɿⲻϲճУͽûϵֻǵĲϲѡ


330 ͵͵

˭Ҳ֪пռ䣬ϣīȻԼġ
īҶȻɻ󣬵Ҳû룬ΪԼĴ
棬Ҳһ㣬ˮˮġīˮݸҶ档
ҶҡͷˮˮīȣˮֻҪ΢Ÿī߾Ϳˡ
Ϊ˲øīɣҶߵԼյıϵĵСͣͳ
ȻʲôҲһһҵϵӣǺܴȴҲװһЩ
ҶῴҲģ֪ôأûдͶˡ

ȸīܾҶԼһҧһڣСʱ˻ˣģŽʡ
ȥҶīûߵѽȻᣬͦõġ
īһҲҧһӣȻᡣ
ΪʡˮղŲûкȶ٣¶ǣȻڳ򣬸ɿʵĸо˲仺˲١
һˮﹻɳĮϴ졣
һ·ǿҶǺˮˮӶȹġ
ʵҪ˵ҶͳɳĮޱȣӵȷܲѽԣҶԵģʵӡ
Ҷ濴ӣĹĵĺݺҧڣ˵ǻʱҲ֪ģһˣ˵ˣӵġ
īһЩЦǺ˽İɣ
˿ƺۣźġ
Ҷ״ੲݵվһľûˣҪҹƶҪŻˡ
ҲͦõģҪȻҿ϶ûͳˣѽ
һתղŵƣõЦݣīһῪԼء
ҲˣԵǵ㶫ˡ
Ӻ׶ˡ

ҶʰգܵϵĴͣͳһ
ҶͳǳִӰóӸʱ򣬸īǳ˳顣
ձϵСҶװһЩɳĮʱõĶֵͲֽʡСʲôģȻװˮģϾˮһ·Ҳͦġ
ɸīû뵽ҶװǳԵġ
ӸǳӰĺúõģīʵ棬㶼ûԹ𣿡
ûаҶЦЦҲǻСˣҪȻҪˡ
īˣҲ֪Ӧʲô飬һʼ˸·ϳԲߵʱģû뵽ûԣˡ
ȻҶ֪Լ˶ѹģīҲȷû취ҶҵԵģд
ҶӸ⣬ֳ˼öǳӾͣųԱˣøīԣԼպȥҲ֪ʲôȥ
ī֣û뵽ⶼôȥˣӸǳӻֵôãӸûĲǳҲûиɰͰ͵ĲðƤ
ҶﵽһȥҲøīһͷ·һʹС
Ҷյڵɿﶪ˼Ȼִܣɿĺ˼ˮһƣԼĶȴС͵һ͵͵ġ
룬ҶҲûз֡
ӺҶصīǰʱѾӸǳӰˡ
ҶݸīƴڱȻӸǳ
棬԰ɣұˡīҡͷ
»֪ôأʳˮýʡһЩ
Ҷﲻ֪īķԣõĲˣҴʳ㹻ǳԵģҲʳУץˡ
īʲôʱʳˣ
ȸīڣҶ˵ĪˣҲԸɳǵģ˵ˣлǹءҪǶ߲ˣǲŽ鷳ء
īһҲûھᣬӹһڱҪ˺룬ȴҶ񱻲ӦĲŴӰͳһֽǴһĿ滹ڱ
Ҷ˾Ϊ˸߸ī㿴вأ㾭ܳԣҪȻſˣҿϲ㡣
īû˺ڱˣȴǿ
棬ϵСװĶʲôôİװųԵģϵСҲװԵӡ
ƺû뵽īʣҶһ£Ȼͷ룬гԵģõģڳԵģ֮ǰƻɡʲôġ
ҵɽװĳԵĻһЩϾܶһ㿴ڲ֤𡣡˵ţҶ¶ɽı


331 ̫װ

ɽһֱһģţǰϡ
Ϊ˶ɳҪʱīҶ汳ŵɽᱻ˦գͰǵɽѾˮѾյϣҶռһ
ҶͳҪôԥǿռռģҪձϵС
ᣬҶԼͰŴɽļӺĭڵɽһЩɳĮͷŵʳ
Ϊ͸īڣĵɽҲᷢʲôеĶ
Ҷ룬ӦòҪȥĵɽǣСأСԼ
û𣿡
ҶһЩõĶ
īĻҶƺվǰϵСӣҶǷõıȽ϶࣬ϻһĨΡ
Ȼ˵ҲзСֵͲġ˵ˣһֱһװţҪôණɳĮˮͳԵĲǱزٵѽ
㿴ڲ֤𡣡˵⻰ʱҶֹҾʲôͽɳĮҲµģ˭пռء
ҲûдĶڿռأ
īˡ
ղ˭˵ܶͬһġ
װûһЩҲбҪģ죬һֱΧһϰߣô׵İɳ
ˣӡ𣿡Ҷ治ʲô⣬ת˻⣬ʵ
īһܣȻΣʵҡͷ
ҹҹޣ˰ЩŲס˴СʱҲ֪ҶˣǲһӾͱϵĳ
Ͼ򵼷򸾳ɳĮǰɳĮио
ңðɣҲϲҶ̯̯֣ʵ˵µˡ
֪Ȧʱ򣬸īͿˡ
ҶٵĿɰģīģ˵á
ûˮʳˣɳĮﲻȫīԸôҶһ
û£żЪһᣬҡīǲżȴȻοš
Ҷ治֪ī뷨ְãͷΧãֺ֮ǰһֻ¶һ˫۾˿ܱߣε̾һӣձϵĴĳԵˡ
˵ղûŪڣʱ˷Ҳ̫񣬾ҶżҪ͵͵ˮһˮ¸īûˮȡ
ҲҼӵֻ̫һμһٺߴΣīƺЩɻ󣬱ͣˡ
ţҶ͸īôҪԼ·ڸī£Ҷ沢ûָī岻ʡ
ʵī̫עˮˮˣΪÿһΣҶ涼װˮֲᶢſҶΪʡˮȡ
ֻǵʱᾪһ£ҲֻǾҶˮЩװѡ
ҵǣʱ򣬾ҵȺԭصĶˡ
Ҷ棬ҲǸīĹ͡
ռ·Ҷ治֪ڼδ·󣬿տȥˣͷߡ
ҪȥҶյɫЩƵĺߴ
ߣǺѽСͣ
տɲҶģֵԼѡķŪҶˣһòá
īͼҶżЦ棬ҲҲ򣬲ǺˡҶյͷʱ򣬸īҲˡ
Ҷһһ£ҲûڼԼҷˡ
ʵҶ滹治żпռڣԺȲûʲôõģһˣ͸īûȥҲ֪ŽǻôĻɳĮ˭һȥ϶һġ
һ뵽Ҫѯʣд棬ܻʲôģͷۡ
ҵ·ϣīˣҶֿ졣
Ҳû뵽ͷߵɳǡ
Ҳ֪ɳɺ˻ڰиˣ˲ʱ͵Ϯ
Ȼ˵ûɳĮɳСǳˡ
ʱҰ޵ĺҶӻء
Żڻеĸī䵽ϣ죬Ϊɳǵһˣô˵һ
ڣҶ涼֪īܹ˻ûкã֪һ·ò΢΢һּˡ
ʵڵĹʱ򣬸ī˾ͼˣ˲Ϣغ󣬻лĨѪ˿ѰҶˡ


332 

˵īûüãһμء
СǱߣʵҲֻεĻصӪأȴ
ɩӣţһҪ°
Сȭͷס޲ھʹɵµÿһÿһ붼ô
˵ϵǳֵʱҲҪˡ
ǸīڻԵУɳĮ￴ҹգʵҲǸĸо
ᣬҶڳԶء
ԽԽ
Ҳɵ
Ҷͣ³âꪵĶһ̲һ£ûٴӿռʲôǰԼĿװġ
⻹㣬Ҷ滹صذˮˮ
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333 Ȼû

ī˵أҶʹӰͳһƿ̣ͼͿݸҺþɳ͵ĹԹһصӪصһǰԼĿװˮͳԵģҪȻ
ī˼Ҷϣ˿ֿ˱Ķ̺͵һʱ䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
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īԣ㶼֪ҹʲôû˵ͻȥ˶
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ôһʼҩȻʣɸīףԼʣҶ浽˸ǰҲô˵Ļġ


334 йŹ

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ȺôֻҪûпô˵ԣֻҪҶ治ᱻӰ졣Ҫʵ˵ȺҶְȻ˵ȥ


335 ᷢ

ţҶ˵⻰īûвţԼεҶ
Ҫ˵ʲôԻڣĻ֮ǰƾ飬ҪĲҶ棬ô˵ء
뵽īڣ棬ʯأ
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Ҳ˵͸оɡ


336 Բ

ī˵ţϵԥȥ֣ޱȣôҶߣһ죬棬ģһᱣġ
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Ҷռﲻûжô󣬼Ȼ˵װԵģܲٴͳһ߷ˮ


337 Ѵ

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Ҷڳɹҵ˷һ׼ȥ
ӪҲͲ·̣ߵһСʱҲܵˡ
ͬ־ԼóҶ棬ԼȥСͬ־һСȻû˵ոīˣǺСһͷ
˵һͷǻȽɴҵ˺󣬵ǲˣߣڰСʱҲصӪˡ
ҶյĺܺãСҵʱҲһˡ
ʵ˵СҪûĻҶ͸īһҹҶѾ뵽Ӱͳʲôīˣûϡ
صӪأȻٲֱһġ
Žںӵ˱ͼۣҶ͸īСµ˻һ
ͺãͺá
ﳤһɳĮģһ˳£Ѵ̡
Ȼ˵ɳĮиһ˭ϣ°
̫ˣллءС򵼲סľš


338

ţҶ£㣬û°ɣ
Ҷҡͷû£ͦõģôҵˣлʦڵǡ
īҲ˵ҺҶû£ôҵˡ
ȻҶһ˿ϣɵīҶ˻ûʲô˵ʱŽһ˻𾪵ģ־ңøīֲҶҲ޸֮Ůͬ־ҪȻΣˡ
򵼿īҶõĻʱ˵Ǽٵģ۵׷ɿĻһĨȴҲһ
ʵû˳¡
һ·ദĺ죬ֻǣְڣҪǰЩסģȻ󾡿쳷ߣ⣬֪Ȼ⡣
ڣҶ͸īˣûʲôص顣
򵼲֪īһֱעԣīһ
ֻɳĮҲû¶ʲôС˵ӪҲΪ˵ֿǵΧˣīʹٹ۲۲졣
Ҷһ·īι˲ٶԣᣬī
ڻǰһᣬһˣҶ۵Ȼˡ
԰԰ҶıӰɫӣû뵽Ҷû£뵽Լ֮ǰĻȻ˲Ҷ˵԰԰Ǿûڡ
ĵһ£ҶͲ鿴Լûɽû˴򿪹
СµļǺŶûбִӿռóһƿ͸Һ壬ڵɽϣӺ󣬵ɽ¶ӫɫӫɫûбƻҶŷóĶջؿռȥ
Ⲽµģ˿ĵɽôҩˮ¶ӫɫͻð߲ΪϿһӫ⡣
û˽ɽҲû
Ҷ룬Ϊ͸īˣҶǵԵʣ˵һʼ͸ҹϲĶԣһ·Ҳϰˡ
԰԰ڸīҶʱȫ̾ûô˵˱ӵŹеĹģҲֻһĬĬĿš
īû԰԰ԹҶҲûãС´˸ԼҲˡ
˵죬ҶۻˣȺ飬Ҳû˸ҷɣ֮ǰһֻһֵҹ
Ҷſռʯþò˯ţ쿴һĻһܡ
ܣôˣ
ڿͻȻֵĩĺ¥ʱҶ㲻һеǳȥֻ֪Ǻ¥˵֪ԼڸҲȥҹܵķ
ܣռʵʱ˵ˣһλһģʧˣҲǸˣһǵˣԲԣ
ܣûۣ֣һĺɵġ
Ҷţ۵׻һĨ
īͻȻƵģҶķȥ۵棬ǲѹ
󣬸ī¾ʹŽڵõԼ֪ϢҶ棬û˿ͻȻֺ֣ܿʧĺ¥
ֻǣں¥ֵʱӪ˼ӵ꣬˶ݵĲʺ硣
ֻҶ˿Ϊλԭ򣬻Ϊʯӣ
īȻûʣûע⵽Ǻ¥ֺҶ˵״̬ͲˣʱˣʱĮʱѹʱߺޡ
棬㵽ײ˶
Ҷû˵ɸīĪľãʶǺ¥֪ЩȴߵѰ˺ҧʳĹʲô
īͻȻЩ££һҶεһͻȻʧˣôҲҲ
棬ͻȻ
ΪʲôܾͻȻأ
棬᲻ͻȻ͡
ǴʱǸīһ嵽Ҷǰˡ
ģ治᲻ġīֹţǿ˯¡
ҹ
īͻȻоѡ
Ҷ汻ҧˣҶʹ࣬Ҷ
ôԣġ
ģôûбôʹࡣ
īԼסĴʹͷ亹ðĸˡ
īأɫѿ
ΡζǷģģԣ鷢ġ
īͣﰲԼֻȴȰһֱš
ǰҹ
Լ˵
ʹøīûסĿΪ˲ͬ˯ߣ·
ǰ˷׷׻ͷȥ
ţôˡ
С°︵īֵҹῴīѹȵĿڣţأȥϢɡ


339 Цĺ

ţͱˣģ㻹İҿһֱءСǱ֤ǽ͵ġ
Сͬ־ҲæӻǰţأúϢҺСͬ־žͺˡ
īجξŵֻһԺ͸ֳҶʹ࣬һĻ˯š
û£˯Ĳˣһᡣ
СʱǰСºСͬ־ֵҹʱ͵ˣСͬ־֪С°渵īҶֵҹԸҲֵҹһСʱˡ
ȻСͬ־˼ܵǴҶµģҶ¿Ǿȹأܲ
С¶˽⸵īһҲûȰСͬ־˵Сͬ־ȥϢһɣкҸžͿˡ
Сͬ־Ҳûܾ˵ͷ˵һԼȥˡ
ţС˸۵򿪡
īº̧ͷҹգþò
С»˵ʲôģһ龰ҲͰŲ̣û˵
һ󣬼ī˸̣С²ſʵ
ţ˿ôҪҪҩ
īƳһԼ˿ڣҡͷˡ
ҪҩҲҪҶ뵽īֿһ۲ԶС
С񰲾ţǲ˯أ
Ҳǣһۻˡ
īأһС¿ˡ
ţɩӡôˣС»䣬ЩԼȥĳ嶯ôͿƲסԺء
ī˵ţһС£ʲôôˣֻ۾ôˣ
ҲûС
ôôʡ
ǡСץץԴЩĿڣҾǾãɩӺЩġ
֮ǰĹʱɩ黹ģѵΪȺԵʣ
ղŸ£ҹþˡ
Ҷ濴Ķܺͱ˵ֻҶ֮ܡ
С𣬸īûİһۣڣСͬ־֪ô𣿡
СûīļʵͷӦ֪İɡ
䣬ܿ췴Ӧεĵĵţⲻǡɩ𡣡
ڸīϾĿУСڨڨһЦ͵ңҲ֪ôɩӵģԺҲܱܿøѽ
īƳСһۣһ㵹ǳϢѧ飬ѧ˰
ɩӲŲأӺء
СæͷĵɩͦõģǶͿģΨԸţҲ
Ҳ֣źɩӵĹϵɩҪ͸ſ
죬ûʲôɣ
£Сϵı飬
ţҷ֡
һĳһķС´յīߣ
ţ⡣
Ȼһ
ī۵׻һ⣬֤ʵҶΣУԼġ
Ҷһ˯Ļ
߶æŴ˯
ճ񣬾ͱСºסˡ
ɩҶ£ˮǸŸյġСҶˮɲǸīոҶϴõˮ
Ҷ治üֲǻ𣿡
֮⣬ҪˮֲǲԼա
СЦЦҲû˵ʲôָָīԼ͵һСͬ־˵ȥˡ
һԣͬ־Сͬ־緹ЦЦĵ벻ţһţԼҲôá
ڸīҶһͰˮΪûһҶ֮ǰΪͬ־ľٶôο˵ĹҶ滹Сͬ־š
ˮԴӪز칦ȥȡͿˣӰ첻
Ҷ棺ΪʲôܾôЦЩأ
Ҳʣͬ־Сͬ־кҶݵϸˮ裬ˮͰԼԶһĵطϴȥˡ
ʵҶѾˢϴˣǼȻˮһͰˮʹϴͷ
֮ǰޣ·ˮԴĵط΢ϴͷһ·Ѿûϴͷˡ
һ·ͷ˸ɾʵҶ˯ǰ͵͵ëմˮĨϴĨ󲿷ֵɳ
һ·ǰͷΧʵµҲôάڿܵľ硣
Ҷϴͷʱ򣬽Ų΢һ£Ǹī
īҶϴͷҲûбܿվһԣҪʱ򣬱״չȥˮԴϵĭ
ղûҶ棬ͬ־˵ҹˣֻǱŽ˵һỰ
òװŽڣīˡ
ҵҶʱϸıӰīֻһȱˡ


340 ²Ϊ

Դˮ£Ҷ֪īڸˮ뵽֣æڡ
īֲմˮġҶѡ
û£һҲҪҩˡīԼ˿ڱŪʪ
Ҷ滹˵ʲôɸī״֪뷨һ
棬ˮ
ҪҪټһЩˮ
ҶһīҪС¼ˮ뷨æֹãЩˣףҸϽϴãôһֱ۵ĺܡ
ī䣬ԹԵĸˮ
һͰˮףҶͷҲϴˡ
Ҷһ߲ͷһңǰͷϴͷʱõĿռˮҪȻпܲˮϴ
ΪҶæҲû˻ΧϴͷҶ͵͵ˮͰˮĶҲû֪
īʱҶѾϴڶˡ
ҶҪ飬˭ͷɳҲϴġ
˲ߣҶƫͷߵˣڣˣīҪˮˣҪˮϴԼյġ
ϾǾסˮԴߣҪôˮˡ
áīӦ£æʱԼա
Ҷ棺
˷ˮˡ
īԣͷȴִڿռˮ
棬һҩɣī״ѯʵ˵ֽ˵ҲñԼˡ
֮ǰҶҲī˿ڣǸˮŪʪģҶҲûܾ
糿ɳĮ»Щ͵ģ£Ҷ͸īҩ
ףҵҽҩأ
԰԰ҪСŪֵС˿ڣ֪ûҽҩ
λͬ־ҽҩ𣿡
ûⰡҽҰˡ
˭ȥ˰ɡ
Сͬ־ش𣺡ҽҽҩţղȥˣأӦÿˡ
īã
԰԰һ£ȻҲԥһ£ߵīǰѯʵţ˵ҽҩڻҩ費ҪҰæ
Ҷīϵ˿ڻҩҲ֪ǲǸī۵˵üͷţĿԼЩҶ棬û԰԰һ㷴Ӧ
Ҷ棺ղӲһһأôͱˡ
ţ
ҷҪԼûҩҰɡ
ۿ԰԰ҪīǺûһƺ۵û˵ˣҶֻش
ˣҽѾͬ־ĲˣҪҽҩ𣬺ܿͺá
˵԰԰ҽҽҩǶģΪְҵϵϰԵ˻߲ҵȻ˸ī
ҲǸīֿ죬ҽҩҪȻҶ涼ʼʩĴԼİͳɴҩۡʲôˡ
Ҷڸī԰԰סعʱҶѾҽҩóݸ
ԭҶ¸ţҩѹء
԰԰⻰䣬Ҷ滹û˵ʲôأС¾ʹܹýеɩӣͬ־˵緹ˡ
ҽҲڰãó緹ˡ
СºҶɩӵʱ԰԰˵ҶһֱģīĶ
һ·ϣһֱΪīҶƯԼжˣû뵽ҶǸīĶ
뵽ԼξСݸī԰԰ζ֪
һ·ϣ԰԰ҲīҶ̬ˣС˵һҲţɲһɳĮˮѵ£ռˮҶݽţȻҶҲûݽš
ϴҶȥŪĸĸҲһе׷ȥˣǰ죬ôΣգī붼ûĳȥ
ֻһǰҶ浱һӰɣ
ڸīԼûҶҪ
뵽Щ԰԰͸ˡ
СȻҶƤЦģغ;ηһҲû٣˵԰԰С¶Ҷ棬ȶԸīؼ֡
֪ΪīҶӣС²ġ
ҽСҶûĵСһۡ
С£ǲƤˡīõﴫôҶ˵ġ
ţңңҲԣͺҶµǸ
СīǲҽأԼôУſ϶ء
ֻϲԣæ״ĿҶ棬еҶ£ҴԺһע⡣
Ҷǳ˳飬ǿڽΧˡ
²Ϊ緹ǰɣˣ֪ˣȸͬ־ɴãһ͹ȥ
СųõЦллɩллҶ¡


341 

Ҷȥˣ԰԰һС£˵ҽҩˡ
ãС¸ղŴܹԼ۸Ҷһֻ˵һɩԼҪ롣
԰԰ãղԼڣīôûӦҶſڵģҪȻҶӣǲӦġ
ò˵԰԰ˡ
ǰʣСһվţǲģǴ˴뿪
Ǻ·ûһɵĿСȼͬ־ȡЦû֪Сÿī㱨ء
ţҽҸģҿأ˴ɩӵġ
īС˼ǳ˳飬ǻ쵰ϹʲôأԼˡ
Ҷʱ򣬸īѾڶѵԼɴˣǽӲֲ˳ֵľٶøոҩ۵˿ƺ˺һЩѪմȾ˸ջϵɴϡ
ī𶯣ͺãһ˿ˡ
īŷҶˣ̧ͷڨڨЦЦҲĲŪˡ
ҪһĻС¿һ֮ԱǣţҲ̫ˣôװ
˵СˣһĲϣǰ˿ڵҲսϵľҽôܶӲĻ˿ŪѪ
Ϊ㲻ˡ
ҼȻ㻻ҩȻҪŪˣֻҽżҪҽҩѡҶ䣬͸īʰ˿
˿ڹȻ˺ѵļҶ治üõҲһҪԼŪ˿˺ʲôʱܺá
īֻǿҶЦȻ˵棬ǲãԺһԹҲҾͲ
ҶԣʶĿһֱۣĿԼЩȣæͷ
ҪҪãɳĮԣ˿Ҫظ˺ѣᷢ׵ġҶ˵ţʵҪȻһҽ㿴רҵҽ
ҶĻ˵꣬ī;ܾˡ
ˣһҩͺãһʵ˿õġ
⻰ҪǱСһӵţҪʵ̫ˡ
ȻΪʲôīֲȻ԰԰Ҷ滹ǿȰˣȽϷŧĻɲǿЦġ
ҽרҵҽ˿ڲС˿ڣȽϺá
ãǳ԰԰εء
īһѾõ˿ڣᶨľܾ
˿ڣ㲻Ҳûʲôģֲûȱҩʱ򣬺üûҩ⻹صǹˣҲͦˡ
ɳĮҲỹ᲻ʲô飬ҪãӦͻ״С
棬㲻ģҴһˡ
ңҶ澪ȵĿŸīɻѵǰʱţ
ܿ죬ҶͰɴˣǻḵīԺУЩˡ
԰īȻĵͷּҶԭأæ͵£ʵҲѡ
ѣ
īҶظԼĻȣƺ⻰췽ҹ̷ɰˣЦЦ棬ظҵĻҿܶ˴ҪǲңùԼҲԵġ
ԼҶճһ£ԼƷأ
īԼ𣿡Ҷʵ
īͷЩʱսĵطûҽԱģֻԼҲѧ򵥵Ļ֪ʶ˴룬ҲԼΡ
ʲôĻҪԼְ
ҶЩпҲûЩе飬ͷ󣬱ҽҩģɺ£ʹԼͳһ
ӺҩˮɱĺöˣīЧõҩˮҶ治ۡ
ҶͳĶīһᣬʵ棬ǹҽģ
ҽ㻹ͦһ䣬īͺ޲øԼһȭĺĺⲻǰҪҶ棬չ˵Ķô
Ҷһ£̧ͼīľƺˣü˭ҵģҪҪ
ǣҪҽ򣿡
īŲҶ˵ðɣȻȥ緹˳ҽ롣
û˵ҪīæסҪߵҶ棬ίҵֲô㣬е㲻ðһѽ
Ҷ汾Ҳ˵˵ѣĶԣֱ
֮ǰΪ˻ҩīѵʣһģҲ㡣
пݺύ˺ۣеˣ˺ˣǹˣҶ濴ľ˺ۣҶһԵǩ
ҲǴƨƨ룬ҲٲǼעģͼע


342 

֮ǰͼϵ˺ֻۣǻᲢû⵽Ҳô˰̣뵽СµЩҶЩпīǡ
ôˣܻҲðɣ
Ҷʱ򣬸īԼˡ
ץ룬ɴľ͸ԼϣȻˮĵǹܸҶ׼ôò
չ˵ʲô˼
Ȼī֪б޻С۵ֹ˼䡣
īַôɾ䣬Ҷ治ɻɵĿֱۼע붼ᣬܲᴦ˿ڣԼҩ
ţīùҶݹǩѹڵʱϻһĨȡ
ôˣڸīʱҶһʣԼļۣƺʲô֮ȥ
֮ǰīµʱҶ۵׻һĨңЩڣ֪ղžͲ˵Լˡ
ԣҲû˵Լ밡
Ȼô룬Ҷ滹ǳ˸īɻ
ī㲻𣬸Ͻ·ãҶˣҪǲ緹ҿԼȥˡ˵꣬ҶҪߡ
īһﻹ˵ϸһҶһæ·һһϡ
ȥôȥˣҲˣ棬Ұ
ֻԿۣī֪ˡ
֮ǰӻѹüеۣҲû룬ڿԼİɣ
Ҷ飬īǿӰͳһȷģᣬҲǡ
չ˵Ļ㲻ȻעˮѵõƷɣԺûһԵעͲܣԼǹܴˡ
ҲӢġ
ҶҪ֪īĸ̣һûҩƷڹڲɹĺòãҲֻһСڹŪġ
˵˵ʱ򣬴ҶѾˡ
кҶŷд˵Ҳ˳ָīһݣһڹȺõΡ
īЦĽӹڣƤĲҶЩȡ
ģ໰Ҷ濴һۣǾ档
ī״Цˣ˵˶ûмС
Сһԣۼ⿴ˣĽֺЦ˻˵ĺãɩӶˡ
Թ緹ŽھҪĹо飬ȻûģӦ
ǰ첻ҴһҶĹһѣҪΪ֮ǰҶ͸īˣƾĹˡ
Ҷ治йĹ⣬ᵱȻȥīˣҲȥ˾濴Ӫء
򵼺СҲûȥΧתأǵǰ˴ٺúõͳȥ
īƺҶһûһ˵żƳǱߣ򵼵Ķ
ҶĹĹʣѾ˿ˣղ緹ûԶ١
ûµˡ
īͷʮߺˡ
ʮţͷˡҶ˵һ䣺Ȼ͸ˡ
īû뵽Ҷ˵һ£Ц棬ʻᷢ˻ϵģȻȥˣͿˡ
֪ҶԼ֮ǰС١СǮҪȻڿĽȣʲôʱɳĮ֪ء
Ҳ֪µ湻ԣСһ⣬С١Ҳ뷨ºŻȥҲŵġ
뵽С١ɰЦҶûסóһѾ˺װϵһ㣬ҲᱻʲôõѶϢ
ҶвסӣīЩЦ
ѹ˵İװԵģϵСҲǳԵģɽ󲿷װҲǳԵģ֪֪ͨҶͻȻģīҪΪҶ֪ϢȻǰ׼Щء
ͳ÷ҶݹȥֻǸīҡͷʾԣջԼ
棬ﻹмֻ룿
ţҶ澪ȣʵʲô
һţһڰ﷭˷Ȼͷ룬ش𣺡ʣֻ
ȻûеģſռأӶѡ
Ҫã
īҡͷûУҾʶѡչ˵ĸģҲƷˣԼ취УɲǷܵˡ
Ҷ汾˵ʲôô򵼺С뵽˵
ʱ
ƽǡ
ÿš
С١ź󣬼ĹܣϵЦݾȥЩ˵㻹ûлء
ʵܿС١ı֪ˣԵͷڣ˵ȥ𣿡


343 ʲô

С١ҡͷ˵ˣûºܿͻġҲ֪òãֻǽ˵Ҫȥü죬Ҳû׼š
С׼ȥϰ࣬˴кС١䣬ͳˡ
壬Ҫһᣬȵ𣿡С١Ȼûʲô飬òһ䡣
ܿһҶ淿ķ򣬻Ǿܾˡ
ˣһе飬·ˣˣʲô𣿡
ûУлл塣͸ɲ鷳ˣҪȻָǷˡ
֪С١ûʲôҪæҲ뿪ˡ
죬ܵڶ絽дҶ棬һ𵽹ӪԣŴдĹԱ֪Ҷһˡ
ӹҶţܴһȼ䣬ֻ˵Ҫûʱ˵ЩǸȻԷ
ܻ˴̽˲֪ҶȥɳĮˡ
ȥɳĮ
˵ǼٵģôɾɳĮܶĿడ
뵽ԼҶ浽дҲ˵һЩתһ룬Ŀڶڱܣ˵Ҳġ
ʡǴһܲŻƽǵģȻһܵҶңǵˡ
֪飬һӽɳĮϾҲҽǡ
ֹǹܣ½ȻҲǹҶ棬֪ҶȥˣǳԶ
֪Ҷ治ڣ½ȻҲûжʣһ£𳵳֪Ҷȥˡ
һ֮ǰżȻϢ½Ȼ֪ҶǸȥˡ
ƽǶˣҶɳĮﵹԽɹˡ
ǰ죬Žڵҵ˴Ĺţ칦Ŵ˴Ĺš
ڴĹŴ򿪵ʱҶ滹ȥһ£ܿͻˡ
Ҷ治ôöˮˮҲС
īһˮˮߵ׼бҶǰ
棬ҿһ£ֻˮˮˣ׼ʹȥȡˮҪȥ𣿡
Ҷһæҡͷȥ
ЦӪгԱô
īһͷҲû˵ʲô˼󣬾ͺʹǣˮճˡ
ŽڼĹһȥˣḵīʹһߣʣҶСӪ
иīڵʱҶ˯˯Ծͳԣ㲻ǰԵģҲ͵͵ĳԣɸīһߣҶֻš
ֳϣĹŵķ򣬸ΧȺЩĽĹˣϾ첻ǡ
īѴ򵼴ߣԶҶӪػǺܷĵģֻû뵽ӦôߵС򵼡
С򵼣㲻˵һôҶʵ
ʮǰС򵼷ջæҶ棬˵Ƿ˸ֵĶҶҲû¿͸뿪Ӫˡ
߹ɳҶ治Ըˡ
ˣˣǰ档С򵼣ҸղҲǸιյʱмġ
Χմ̣Դ򵼺С򵼻ڿеʱճȥմ̣Ȼˣٸϻ
ʲô˵ˣصذôԶҶû˵ôһ䡣
СϱһӾͱˣϸղŽҶ棬ɻҶ£ôģ
ֻ֣£ûӡ
˭֪Ҳ飬Ӧ˵˭֪Ҷʲô鶼ȱȱģԣ㷢ʲôֵĶҲɵŽ˵ȴڸͬ־㰮ȥȡˮʱŽǲڵʱҺӪأ˭òԾġ
Ҷ˵ţ˫ֲſڴС򵼣Ӫأǲ˷ֶѣ˵ʲô˵ɣôԶ
Ҷ¹ȻС򵼸Ƴޣ͡
Ҷ棺⻰ôôء
ƿҶ治ϻСϵı飬ַµͬʱ˵ɿĳҶ湥ȥ
ҶܿһҲĺС򵼽
СȻ󣬿ɵ׾ѵʽ׼Ҷɱɥʬģÿһж䲻飬˵ޱȣӣС򵼾мܲסˡ

ҶһŰСߵȥǰֻվԭأһһ߿ԵС򵼣ֱ˵Ŀĺˡ
û˵ʱҶɲСʲô
ղŲǸоСûɱ⣬˼Ҷֻǰ߷ô򵥣ӣͰ˷ˡ
ȻҶûº֣ҲΪ׼Сʲô˺֣治ô
ȿȿȡȻҶŮֽý簡Сؿվһ죬Ҳ̫ˡ


344 ˷

С򵼳һתôҶС㣬Ӧ֪֪˭ɣ
ҶüͷС򵼣û˵
Ҳֻĸ֪ݣһ˵֪˶û˻˵ȥСȴ֪Ҷֻǿﰵ⣬һģ
ҶûӦСЩΣֻֿڣҶС㣬֪ɳĮΪʲô
Ҷû˵СҲ⣬һ·ϣҶ汾Ͳ໰ܶʱ򶼰Ĵţƺĵĳ¡
ʵС֪Ҷܶʱ򣬰ų˵ҲΪںˮĬĬĳŶȻǲ˵ˡ
С򵼵ĳƺҶ΢һҶС㣿ƺǺþûˡ
ʱ򣬺˭ͬ־ͬ־ȥģƺС㡢үʱǮ˵ζǴݵġ
Ҷ鲻䣬͸ӿС򵼣ƺ֪«ʲôҩȴֹҶ֪ԼɳĮǸģȻ֪Ҳˡ
С򵼣ǰĹҶСõҪĶ˰ɣ
ȻѯʣС򵼵ıǿ϶ƺƶҶѾõʲô
ʲôҶգȴͻȻ뵽ռִȣɫ䣬׵ĿС򵼡
Ϊʲô˵ģأǵĹˣȫ̺ʹһ𣬲δҶĹʲôûʲôɲҪҡ
˵ţҶһԩҵı顣
Ҷ治ϣС뵽ЦЦ˵ǶҶҶҶСģҶСҲӦõġ
⻰ʲô˼Ҷ淴Ӧ֪Լɻʳּʵʲôҵģʲôôû
Ҷ鲻٣ᵹֵСɵˣżѵûнŵĶҶСûõ𣿡
ʲôҶһȣʲôûпңĹﲻǹŴߵĹҸĸôʲôҡ
СԣżץץԴͣ죺ôᣬôᣬôᡭӦð
ڵϿִѪɫǶѾȡ˰
ʵС˵ʱҶʹ֪˵ʲôˣϣûãǶܽռġ
˵С֪Ⲣ֣һ˺ò״ĹصӪػĹһо治ѣеġ
ŽڶǱСͬ־д򿪽˿ľкǵҩСô֪ҶɻƺԽԽˡ
㻹ûк˵Ҹĸ׸ʲôء
ҶѯС򵼻Ҷ棬ӣ˵ҽ겻ʮ꣬ʮˡ
Ȼأ
Ҷ治ףԼʵĿɲôشôĪѵʲôﲻɣ
С˵⻰ҲָҶ˵ʲô˵ĹǹŴĹûҶҶ˵·ʱ򣬽Ĺ˼档
˵ֻҪǵѪֻҪڴǸȻᴥأʱҶСԻȡ߶ġ
ʲô˼
Ҷ㵵ĿС򵼣ԼͲҶ϶ϵŮôִ͸ˣҪ˵ΪƯ
Ҷ滹ɻʱСʵûȡ
ûС
ҶĻСЦЦᣬ˵ҶҶ˵ˣֻǵѪŻᴥء
ԣ㲻ǵŮ
䣬СͻȻҶ湥ȥһΣϴθдɱ⡣
ᣬС򵼺Ǻڣ̫ģй¶ܣȻǰ˲ҶҶ˵ŮôΪסܣֻɱˡ
ҶһʱֻӦԣȻסС򵼵ȣȴҲһȥ
С򵼲Ҷ淴Ӧʱ䣬ƺҪҶɱˣ
ɳĮɳͲߣҶ漸űܿȷվҲĺС򵼴
ȭԣȽײȻһ㸾Ů޶ͷץ·ȴɱһнһС
ҶİС򵼳סֻ÷ɿת˰С򵼰ѰҹʱҶ浱ȥӣͬʱȷɿӳԼٶȰ߳ȥ
ǽסˣȴˡ
һӰѳһȥ
ҶС򵼶뿴ȥеɫһΨһ㣬Ƕʱ򣬶ˡ
ռʯ˳Ҿ˦С߲Զ
Сһ˲ŵʹҪ˹ȥ


345 С

ң
Ҷ䣬ۿС򵼾Ҫ߿ռʯһżֶſռʯһץŷӦԼûеʱǿռʯȴСҪץסǰһ룬Ҷ˹
С򵼵߽ſռʯҶ澹Ȼƾ߿ռʯסˡ
ʿǣضСϷСҲˣһ֣סƺԼ֮ǰʲôˣôֱҶ档
ռʯصԼҶһԼֻµС򵼣Ǳ䣺˵ô
ĿռʯֱǲҪˣ
ûͳǹҲûҪõҶһתȵɳĮȴͻȻ£ֻҶһӨıԼٶȳ֣ɢɭɭ
СռʯʱҶͶɱˣ˵ԼȡһĻҶ治Լ鷳ȻǲСˡ
С򵼻عȻܸܵҶɱ⣬岻һȴæ㻹˵ûõ
Ҷû˵һףǱʹĹâС򵼷ȥ
СһæԱߴ˸ߵĻ
ҶС򵼿ˣҶҲû˵Ůôݰ
һ£ҶС㣬˵
Ҷ沢Ϊһӣѿȥ
ң㲻֪㸸ĸϢ𣿡
С䣬СǺģҶ˳С
ʵһ仰ʱСѾı۾֪Լܲġ
һ仰ɹҶְѷȥı£ͣСǰԶ
˵ʲôҶС򵼣˵ãԼͲ顣
ҶʻСȷԼûæ۾
ͷԼǷã۾ͿһסԼȥ·С򵼲ɵĨ˶ͷ亹
ҶüͷϻͣȴǽƺڴʲôȴֲԸš
ҶС㣬żңҼ㸸ĸģҶô㣬Ҳ֪ġСΪ£ˡ
ҶС㣬Ҷ˾СǲǣоԼһһСµļæ˵š
Ҷԣ￩һҲԣֻջܣСıôɢˡ
ȻСҲҷһطǱޱȣɼҶʱᱩ
ҶûģСûҵ飬æ˵ȡַҼ㸸׾ͻᣬҲʹһУĸ׾ͻᡣ
⻰ҶޱȣҲܣ
ܰŪ˰ɣ
ԣ˵һҶϷ򸾣Լ裬ֻǸ˶ѡ
ôһ룬Ҷƺûô㵣ֻҳʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
ҶֻǿԼû˵СΪţæģļ꣬ҲĹˣһҶ˰Ѷַŵ̨ĺ
ʯͷ
ҸղΪ㲻ҶҶ˵ŮռǵĶҪѶûġ֮⣬ûҪ㶫˼Ҫ
Ҷ֪С򵼵˼ǻӦǿŵĿռʯΪԼһ顣ҶҲûҪ͡
ʲôʱҸ׺ĸ׵ģҶ濪ʣʱ󡣡
С򵼸оıƺһЩһĵҶˣŮҲû˵ɰǶҪòá
ʮʱҶҶ˵ġ
ʮ壿Сʮˡ
ʮǰ
СҲ˵ʱҶʮ꣬ҶҲʮ˾ѡ
Ҷǳ˳飬ʮ˾ʱɳĮȻ¶
һʮ˾꣬Ҷһ־ʧ
ϣҶϷԼ裬ֲϣǣìܵĺܣСô˵Ҷãǵġ
ƺҶ治ţС򵼼ˣû˵ѣʱһһ䣬ҶСˣ֪Ҷһ䡮ҵСڻûгء
Ҷ棺
ҶС㻹ûгҶҶȴ˶ʱֵĺܣҶҲҶ˱ͲһˣҲû롣
һʼһֱΪҶСܿͳ֡
սңҾ֪ô죬ɺһȾǶʮ꣬ҶҶûѶҶСҲٳٲڼ䣬ҲˣûҶС㣬ҺҰҲû˴
Σŵ˵ǸҶµҶ¡


346 ص

ʵڿҶСģʱҾ֪ҶСһҶ˺ҶŮüۼ̳㸸ĸģ
ҶĬѹһֱãڽܵʱСĿ϶࿴˺һᡣ
֮ԳĺÿǼ̳˰˵ò˰
οȷԼûܵģĩֺѵģң󲿷ֵ඼ûоܡ
С򵼻ڼ˵š
ⳤҲ٣ҲһҧÿŵĿǾˣһ·Ҷûֱ֤ǵĹȷġ
Ҷڷ˶ץңֻһգ۾뿪Ĺسڵϣʱһһ䣬ҶСûҵô졣
С˵ţ״ǻ䣬ϵıһ˿
ҶرƶЦ˵ᣬҵСôһа취õġҶһҲͣҼСˣøѣ׵ĺܡ죬ҼǵãҲԲĴ󣬶ңҲǴѪɫ
˵СҶ棬ҪȷģʵҶСɣҶҶ˵Ů𣿡
Ҷû˵Լǲǣֻǿʣô꣬û뵽ҪȡĸµĶ𣿡
ȻҶûгϣ⻰С򵼾֪Ĭˡ
СһæҡͷҶҶСģô̰롣
ҶС㣬ҸղûҪ㶫˼ҺҵǷҶҵĶ飬ֹҺҵ뿪ɳĮҶ־Ǵ壬Ǵ˻ǲҼҵĴˣҲǴĴˡ
ҶϷصֶΣСֻоη̰
˵ˣʱĹһЩƽȥսҵʱһĶˡ
Ĺлƽ͸䱦ҶҶȴûаҪ뷨ƺһҲۡ
ǿĿɿڴҲҶ˿ˣһЩƽġ
ҶС㣬ҰĹȺĹ˺СͻȻڣЩΡ
Ȼ˵֮ǰûм޸򵼣ɼ޹ȥ֪εģϾĹˣȴʮǰʹŵĹóһЩƽ𣬻õĲˣⲻʾԼʧְ
ҲԭСڼ޸򵼺⼸ĺѣ֪ĹкֵܶǮĶȴҲû붯һ֡
ҶС㣬֪Ҫܹ֣ǣܲܣܲܲҪĹȺ
Ҷ棺Ӧ֪鲻ҿ˵ģûбֵĻܻ˵ȻˣŵӶˣأ
СһϻһĨʵͰҲ֪סҪһʶѡ
ʵĹű򿪵ʱС򵼾ֹ֪ˡ
Ҷ֮ǰĻʵ֮ǰĹˣЩʧٵˣǲǷֵģ
С򵼵ͷҡͷսҵʱһҰ˴ӣһҺҰһӣǱģԶɳĮˡģЩ˵ʧĺûϵ
ģйϵҲ˵ȥġɳĮǾһοЩ˻ǱѰġ
СԵͷ뵽ʲôҶ棬ҺдЩҴɳĮӳһЩ飬û˵ǶĪɳҰޱҪȻɳĮǽһһֱظ·ôҲ߲ͷ
˵ţСһĿҶ棬ʵҶС㣬֪ô𣿡
Ҷûң˭ȥɳĮôΣѵ֪ɳĮǱĪ˵ˣʲôǽƾЩˮֻþˡ
СҡͷǰЩˮģʱϻвء
аǻڽɳĮʱˮˮȴֻˡ
ŶҶĵӦһ䡣
һҶⲻȤӣһʱɲʲôţģСҲͲ˵ˡ
ֻǣС͵͵ֹҶСԼֶηǷأǶЩûȤǲ
߲֪ѾָȣС򵼲ʱԴֱȳһͷĺ֪ԼûˣЩź˵ղŻͦġ
ҶˬģСһĽѹһ·ûҶС㺰ȣԭ
ԥһ£С򵼵ûҿҶҲ£졣
˺ʲô鶼ûзһصӪء
ʱӪغ뿪ǰһҶûл


347 ̤ʵ

СչȥˣҶصԼȴҲ̲סģһѪ˳
иоóס죬ҪȻ϶Ѫ
°ƿˮҶѪζ嵭ˣ˺һᣬʰã
֮ǰΪСҪռʯ鼱֮ԼʧǡʱͻȻգ͵ؾãܳ壬Ȼˡ
ΪҶܵȼһµʱСѹͶ㲻
С򵼸оıҶ滹ܳΧˣܺܺõĺܿİ
ǰҶһֳ°ͣһſռʯĵķʵȴڰڵܣͼܴռʯ
ֻǣŪ˰죬ûа㷴ӦҪеѹռʯȴΪڵˣһѪӿ
ûڣҲû˷
ҶߵѪȾѪ׼սռ䣬һ£ŻĻ
ȻŻ𣬵ˮûԻѲȫϨżϼҲͿˡ
ӱûˣҶתȥڣᣬûˡ
û£ռʯоܻǸ¡ô룬ҶžһЩ
СȻտգղŵһĻǾúµġ
ԼҶҲǺһԼҺôԼɰɣҶС˳ƯҲֶҶ˵ˡ
ҶСûвǹɡԼûˡţСֿһӪصķֻǣҶԼǣĹŵŽǳһ
Ҷ˹ţҶƯᣬ˵ҲģгЦݣҶС㣬ЦʲôȤһ
ҶҶ˻ûҶʱŸҶ϶һŮȡµĶСҲ֡
ʮǻ벻ףֻҶϷ棬սҵʱͻȻҶ˵һ仰ҪϺüأںܿ͹ȥ
ӦʱС򵼻ŵľ죬ž͵ţȻȻкü꣬Ҳˡ
īʹȡˮŽڵ˲ŴĹﳷġ
ʵŽһ˲ûǰ٣оĸֻأǾͷ˴Ĺ򣬻ػûϻΪ˲ƻĹеСĵӦԣҪѻؽ⿪Ҳһо
īصӪأͱҶǰ
棬û°ɣ֮ǰоﲻ
ûҶ涯ܶ˵ʱ򣬸ī͵ر۵ϵ
Ҷһ£ðҡͷû°ҾӪʲô顣
ȻҶ˵ûʲô£ɸīǾ˵֡
˵֮ǰҶ濴ȻвĮôڵƺӵĮˣִӹ͸䣬վߣÿȱҪϼ֡
īܾ÷ʲô飬Ҷֲ˵䶯ǣ˵棬ʲô飬һҪңﲻҲ˵òã
СīĻЩ飬ҶСʲô飬ҺòãֱۺڻһƬأ˵ҲС
һֹһ߿ԼˣС򵼼Ҳûʲô飬ʱ
Ҷ濴ǰ˽ǵ飬һůͷīû£ˡ
Ҷ۵Ц⣬īһĨ̤ʵżһЩ
Ҫ˵С򵼾ľģǸīβҶ档
𿴸īһ·ûгּΣѹȸС򵼺¡
ʹȺŻ飬СȻ֪ģҲ¸īʲôȻԼ鷳ڿûзʲô
û£īĵʵ
û¡Ҷ棺ʲô顣
ȡˮͦİ
ҶתƻһΪڲŻء
īʵҲԶ֮ǰ֮ûܺܿΪ·ߴˡ
ˮĵطʵǰʱֵǸޣиĹŴ
ҶԣȻĵͷȻֻƳۣҲ֪޺ȥĵطīһ˵΢룬Ҳ׹иīڣ򵼲·ԾͿȥˡ
һڹȥˡ
ŽһѾɹǳظоףҲƽ⿪ˣҪĹҵʱ


348 

Թ緹Žһװ׼ȥͱֵ˸ˡ
֧Ŷӣǰǰ淢ֵĹھȺ󣬸֮ǰļƻġ
̫ˣ󲿶ˣǲõʵˡ
ˣǽĽһܿ졣ͬ־Ҳĵ˵
ҲԴǰ⼸죬ɿˡ
Ҳ˸߲ҵģɳĮôãῴˣȻǲ˵ġ
ֻŶӹʮˣվһͷƺƵģװʵȷ٣ɳĮﳤڷս׼ˡ
⼸ȻСº͸īż·ӪظĴһЩҰζҲܹⲻǣѾˣŽأ󲿶ٲٴһڣ͵ˡ
С򵼿٣ͦĵģȥԶˣ֪ĿŶӾ͵ˡ
һԼˣϻһĨӵ飬°˻ʲôæվߣס°ڡ
֪˵ʲôƫͷһֳۣһȿ޺ò˶ٵЦݡ
ʵ֪򵼺͸īȥȡˮʱˮǰīľһ
īҲùĨǣɳĮڴģһ뻹֪ɳĮãһȥ·Ҳ֪Ҫʲôȡˮû˵ʱ򣬿ˡ
һǹԴ򵼶ϸīͱֱĻһӾɵסˡ
ҲٴһЩ߰飬һΣҶû£ҲƽϣҾͲ˵ʲôˡһΣһֱӱǷޣȻǼССʲô³Ҳ뵽ɣ
ңţǲʲôҡ
û˵꣬ͱīˡ
㲻ҪҽƱʲôȷῪڣ֮ǵãǷʲô˼ҲܣʵʵģˣʲôУȻҲġ
īЩ߳ɳĮÿˣͰ˱ˡ
һ·ϣȻûʲôɻԽĹȺЩī΢һ¾Ͳµˡ
Ѿˣһ͹ʱˡī˵ţڴ򵼾ɵĿУ˵ˣصĺܺãûбֵĻҲǰͷͼĹˡ
īɳĮȻΪҶԵʣӣ᲻õ飬֮ǰû룬ɴ򵼵һЩϸ΢ٶ֣ٶ⣬Ҳܲ³ˡ
û뵽ᱻ֣Ƿϲѡ
ţ㲻汲ʹ
ǶϾɷ⽨˼룬͹ʱˡȥˣֹһʱֹһҽձûʲôá
ɳĮ˶ٿݹǣ֮ǰãϢȻй¶ȥЩͺζƯһжġҲӲЩ̰ͺհǵߵġ
֮ǰɳĮĶ飬ʲô³īҲûû׼ûӦԺɳĮΣգһЩӦþǱ򵼷˿ˡ
ϾҪɳĮû˵׼ġ
ôɴС󣬶ܸıһֱġ
򵼿˿īͷû˵īҲû˵ʲôǹִˮ
֪򵼲ʲôˡ
ֻŶӺŽԼӺһŽڴŴұʾ˶֯Ԯĸм
Ӫһ٣غڵԱӪʰӪ׼ӦŽһĹˡ
ҹӪ˺üѵĻѣ˶ĹҺѾĹ͸ˣŽںŶӵרѧоš
ΧڣҶԼ̽ԴһȦ󣬼īͽһɫƷ˵ʲô˹ȥ
ī綼ͦæģϾ磬˽ˮⲻðŴȥˮֻӪشʲôġ
Թ΢ὲ˵Ŵ뿪ͱ˵һЩ顣
Ҷ¡Ÿī˵ˣҶ߹ЦŴк
ҶͷӦ˶࣬ҲûôסˣֻܵͷЦһ¡
īһĺͱ˵£ü棬Ҷ£ôûϢΪ˶࣬īҲͲٺ֮ǰһܵĻҶˡ
˯š
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350 ҿһ

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351 

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ҪҶӪ԰԰һ£ŪЩ˷֣Σա
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352 ٽһ

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һᣬڸīɻ󲻽ĿУҶһ͸ܣٵǰ

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353 仯

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354 ʧ

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ʹſռʯʧʧҶռִϣһöռʯȻһֱղռĿռʯ
֪ǲǴīҶɫúҲһЩ
ȸīȷҶȷһЩϲѣԭѪá
īȻǱҪֹͣѪ˿ȭͷĵ˿ٴѪ
ڸīҲûԼѪһӹҶ棬ķΧСһЩͣҶ滹ûкʧѪˣҲΣա
̲ī֪ġ
˸īѪҶȷһЩڵܱͺǵҵܺԼļҳ˳
״īСĵİҶ濿һԣԼˮˮ׼ιһЩˮ
޲ȱ֦̣īܿ͵˻𣬰ѷװˮڻ
ϹһԵĴ򣬸ī׼Ƥʰһ£ǽʳ
Ҷ޵ʱ򣬻Ų·ҪܿȴСײİĹʯǽײֻгûнġ
ҪЩԴԴϸҶṩѪů
Ҷ֪īĴ㣬һˡ
ī⿾ãһЩһЩŵﰾǸҶ׼ġ


355 ¶

ӪǱߣᣬоһ£ȷѾ׼Ĺҵ
ֻǣ׼Ĺ˲Ĺǰûнȥ¶˾תľĹﴫ
죬ȥǵˡ
һôҷ׷׷Ӧתͷܡ
𣬳ҼæܣĹŸתһͼɳӿɿĹŵС
ĹеɳԽԽ࣬ôҲòԶһĵط
ܿ죬ɳֹͣһҲʵʵģͺûбھһ
һ˿һĻżǿϧŽڸĿһۣһû
æôãش֣ȴҪһ˭ܵˡ
⣬⡭
ôˣ
ӹ̹ģ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ̮ˣԭȺòĹңȴĹŶˣ̮ĹŸɳĮ¡
ھоŽڼ㿴ңҿ㣬һӾסˡ
һ̫ͻȻһ豸Ĺﱻһš
Žڳ¾΢һļ䶫Щοҿ֮ǰĹ˳һЩҪȻͱһˡ
عһ񿪻ۡ
û˵ģڡ
ѵʱģѸҪӭѶϡ
֮ǰܰĹҲԡ
С򵼿æµˣ͵͵ɣôãĹ±ΪҶҶµĶҶСȡߵԵʡ
²²⣬Ҳ˵ԼˣСҲ͸¶
Ҷʱѹģûīæԡ
ȻûθڣҶ滹ڸīȰºһ롣
ŸīʰϴУҶɻôãҺʲôˡ
棬ղźȵĴ㶼ˣīЦĿ֪ᡣ
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ҺһЩˡоԼܱѹƱ˳ҶЩЩ֡
ţ˯һѹǿһЩˡ
𿴸īڿɣҶԵʱǴҲʮԶľѣ˿ָ󣬸ǻصһֱţ벽Ҳ뿪
ңм仹ιҶѪҲҶһֱԼкʲô
棬ûоﲻ
ҶҡһͷҺúܶˡ
ƺţҶظģ㿴Ҳѹ˵Ҳ˶𡣡
ԣīһͷֲĵҪܣǵú˵
Ҷ˵ܺ˵ҲûðڸīĿУӦˡ
ӹīʪˮӣҶ׼ȴɨʲôæһü
īˣ
ҴʱСĻˡī赭дĽһ䣬ԼѪҩҶõ֪
ôСġҶ˵ţڰͣ뵽ʲô״һ䣺ûҰҶ
īҡͷ˵ϣþˮϴҲͺˡ
˵ˣīûҶİ
ҶЦЦѹء䣬ͳһ
ǴóһСҽҩģƺЩʣ˺Ǹˡ˺
ЦȻģīһůϲգЦӣ˿̣͸
֮ǰȴͦŻѪӣһҲˡӦ
īĵ˿ڲȴͦģҶ濴ŶۣɣǰԼֵˡ
ôҲŵ㣬ҿǹԼְɡ
֪Լ뷨಻Զˡ
īЦЦû˵
ѪʶҶûãҲ˻ų⣬ī϶֮ᷭǰװեȵĺϴɾװѪ
ʮˮռطҶīˮ˿ڣ˺Сĵȥš
ʣµĴʾ⸵īպãҶͳһԸī
͸ѹװһɫ֣ûҶ治øīῴףֱӸˣŪʪŪĻһҪʱµġ
Ҳʱմˮôȣ׻ŧͲˣһɣ
ȻѯʣɸīûҶ滰˼ͷ


356 һ

һΣīûҶæ£Լܿʹˡ
ùŻغҶ濴ջذʵѾսռȥ
ᣬŷ֣ԼΧıȻСʮ֣ȻԣɱϵܱڣòãҶûо
ᣬɫѾˣԼһСʱͺˡ
棬벻ˮ
Ҷҡͷ
棬۲ۣ
һá˯˼СʱȻǾɾͷС
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桭
ڸīͣѯ£ҶεĿʯǽϣĻˣǽҹɡ
īȻܾ
棬ϢһᣬҼһãҾڸʲôͺҡ
Ҷͷ
ȻҲָһҲֻǾһЩ׻˯ȥŻѪѣ顣
īҶһЩģɷԼѪҶú󣬾;۲һϾˮˮҰޣҲȱˮʳ
īҲˣҲмСʱˣȻûҰ޽ʳˮ
һ򳡴֮Իγɣиˮ⣬һСĳӣ˵ˮɳĮ·ãˮǹɳĮеҰ޺ȵġ
īʹˮÿζٵҰںˮһΣҶһʼŲ·Ĵ⣬ûбҰ޹Щˡ
뵽֮ǰҹ·ҰȾܵһĻīɻѵΪҶմȾĶ̫ҰԶԶˣ
īҶʲô֣϶ҶǽĹʱСĶҩôһĹȺĹûһֶǲܵġ
Ҷ˯ļСʱīһֱڰգʱӦҶӪشţվԶһЩ
ֻǣ֪
Ѫã͹ˡ
ī룬˫ȾѪɷأ㣬ѪȻǸѪһЩøⶾѹЩĹеĶ
ҹĻٺȻȵʱīϵĴ£ҲѾˡ
ҶûʲôθڣڸīҪ£һ۾˯
ѾѸīեȵˮ˳ϴˮװϣůء
ڸī˵ûİҶŵģϾīʱش𣬴档
ĲСҲû뵽ᷢ飬ֻǰģóһЩƲռطĶԣľͲýˡ
Ȼī룬Ҳܰ˵ɵӲǡ
ҶҲ뷨ϵĳвٿڴϺ޴£һڴͳһ㣬Ҳʲô⣬οīһֻĴŪˣʱ춼ȱԵġ
īҳԹҶߣȻİڻţԼϵΪȥڵ磬ҶԼΧڸīҲǲܴġ
ҹǰѾѻѴӾ߲ԶƵˣеķͲˣֻпտյ̨īʱ΢ɨһ£Ҷҹĵط
棬㻹𣿡
оҶȥ٣īսĵš
Ҷ汾Ѿ˯ȥˣĻ۾ī̫ģҹͺˡ
֮ǰܱңҽԺסһʱ䣬ڿҲ죬ǣ֮ǰûأϾܰߵĿɱҲǵһΡ
õİɣ
ֻһѣ
ҶʵҲ֪ǣãûǾͱʾлš
㡭ī˵ʲôɼ˯ת˸棺˯
棬˯ɣҾߡҪ˯ء
šҶӦգŲס˫ϡ
ԴīҶ￪ʼͷˣҰˮҲֻԶĳӵһǶȣҴҺȼڣͻæˡ
⻹ҶıķΧСԵʣ֮ǰûСʱҰҡ
īҶ漸Ӻ۾
īæӦڣôˣ棬ǲǲ
Ҳ˯һᡣӦòʲôΣյġ
ҶȻ֪ΪʲôīϵܵӰ죬֪ڣҰ޹ġ
ʱǴŵײɥʬޣһЩɳĮеҰ޾͸ڻˡ
Ҷ涼֪Ӧһˡ
áīһһ˯
Ҷ浽ʵڳŲסˣ۾


357 ȷӻ

ӳŸīǷĿʱʱͷŻˣѴŵϼ̡
ûҰɧţīԷĵ˯һģǿţڸоҶ泹׳˯˺ʪӰĲ˲ģŴۣѪӿ˳
ҶԺֻζüͷȴΪҹУ۾Ҳ
īʵҶѹͰε׼Ͼ˭ҲԸëѪǣοҶ汾ʹƣ֪ҪѪһܵġ
ڣҶûѹī֪ôˡ
ιѪīϴһ£ûʲô©ģҶɫһЩƺһ˿ѪɫƵı鱻ֹסһ΢С˼֣Ųŷ
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īȻιѪֿ⣬Ҷʣµϼľͷſǽ۾
ֻǣ𿴸ī˯ˣﻹһж۾
īҹҶ溰ˣҪȻҪӪ﷢ǻס
ȻȾѪȴҲɱ
ʵīĻЩϲģѪܽĶ棬ûб˴š
Ǿ֮
֮Ϊѡ
뷨ðīͰԼɡ
СĵĿҶһۣ˯ĳīŰϵѹȥ
Ҷһ˯ĳӦ˵״̬С
īҲ;ѹ˲ָ̣ҶιѪ
˿ڱŰţҲֻۣǵĸҶѪ
лιīҲһôƵɰҶţֻϲˡ
ҶƽɫãīٷһЩþͺãûá
һֱԼҶ˵ûʲôôʯӾйԼƽƺҪռıˣһ
ڣīھԼһЩ
Ҫ֪ī뷨һˡ
ⲻ˺ԼιѪīȻֵãȷӻ衣

Ӫߡ
īҶȻûգͱʾ˵뿪ҪôͻȻģҪôڸ
ۿˣ˻ûлʾѾԶһЩ·ˡ
԰԰ûסҵС£ֱ˵ĿڣС£ţҶȥˣôûл
С˵ң˭ȥҲ֪
ҽֻ˵Ҫ뿪죬Ҳû˵ʲô飬ڣҿɲʡ
԰԰Сµģһ˵죬û˵ʲô
ʲô飬ðҶ´ϡ԰԰ʵֹһ䡣
Сֻǿ԰԰ʲôҲû˵
԰԰˸ûȤɫЩÿ뿪ˡ
ʵ֪ҶǸīĶʱȻʣȴҲ֪ԼûˣҲʲô뷨ֻѾϰע⸵īڣﻹǻᵣĵġ
뵽Ҷ棬԰԰ֲõˡīжҶ棬ʲôΣգīҶ棬ȥ˰ɣ
Ȼòܣ԰԰룬ʲôøīҶģҲʲôҪӦû¡
صԼ԰԰뵽Լ֮ǰ飬뵽īǻŭɵİԼһ䣺ӱ¿˰˵ʲô
СһӦ˼ѯʸīҶ˺﷢࣬ţɵɩӻ
ʵСû׵ģȻɳĮﰡûˮûģִɩһʵ̫Σˡ
뵽յѶϢСףīȻ뿪ĴæȴǼǵøǾͱʾⲻ
Ҳͻˣ
ţǺܿͻİɣ
Ǹī֮ǰѶϢСڰ첻˻ʱ򣬾ͷӪˡ
ڶһ硣
ӪƣæģģװģֻСһֱĲɡ
ͬ־״ʵСͬ־Ҳ֪ţҶȥ𣿡
ǲģͬ־ҲôĸīҶ档
ȻҶǸīĶСǸīôӦ֪һЩǡ
С£ͬ־治֪źɩæʲôȥˣҾ֪ǺҪ顣
ͬ־ŵͷҲˡ
ǼµĻ᲻գҹˣҪ֪ɳĮΣգϾ͸Σˡ


358 Ů

СҲҶ棬һ뵽ҶǱĪֶΣֲõˡ
û£Ҷº͸ţǵˣͻˡ
СһԸŵͷ
ȻͷСҲˣ˻ûл˿ҡ
ߡ
ҶѹʱѾһˣɳĮһȵʱ
ЩϤİζҶ滹ûʲôͱī˼
棬ˣôī°Ѵá
Ҷ棺úܶˡ
˯ҪûУ㲹ɣŸīҶ治֪ǲû˯õԵʣͷƺá
īЦ˯ˣҲͱСʱġ
˵ѣҶûʣ˵һ䣺Ҳ֪ʲôʱãɵúúϢſҿϲ㡣
áīЦĸˣĵ棬ģܿͺˡ
֪īʲôҶֻڰᱻѹһЩоԼ߶һȽ׼ˮߴˮϴ
һģī֪ʲôֽĴˮ
ⶼôȥˣˮȻˮˮλҲͣѵá
һеˮϵԣˮҲͲɿˡ
⻰΢һ£ҶҲԺܴ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱģҲΪˮԴĹϵɣ
ˮľͰϵھߵ׮ϣӦǴ򵼷˾ɳĮżԵʣľͰȻأȴҲá
ӰͳˢһֻС࣬Ҷˮϴȴīˡ
װڷˮ΢һ£Ҷá
Ҷ濴һԼƶ͸ǽĵ棬˵ʲôû˵ˡ
棬֪˵⾮ˮ䣬ΪţŲ岻áī˵ţĺţҲ鷳òã
ϸ庢һĺҶ浹Щ˼ˡ
ҵͷҶӹˮ˼Լһϴȥˡ
Լߵĵܿͱǣ뿪ĵطûڣֺܿĻˣˮûӾʧ֮ǰûнһҶ治֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ıŲҶͷȥЦ֪㲻ѩŮ
ʲôīûס
ҶЦûʲôҲ֪ѩŮʲô
ȻҶû˵ɸīϵ˼Ҳף۾һת˵˵ǰǱѩŮء
⻰Ҷһ£Ǳϵܣһıϵ߶ҪǿһЩɱɥʬֶַأȷбΪϵŮ
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档īü𣬲ͬ˵ҪϹ˵ֻǲѣģܿͺˡһҲϲ˵Ļ
֪īҶҲͲ˵ҲûнôģֻɸīԼԡ
û취ҶҲ֪Ҫô͸ī˵ѻû˼͸ɴ಻˵ˡ
Ҷѹ΢߶īٷһЩҲڸ̣û죬ЩҲǻ¡
ŸīæʱҶͳһЩ
һʳϺɣȺзɣӸ⣬ѹɡ
ҶóѹɿɱʱĺóԶˣѹӪ˵ڸҲܺãģǿһܶһ죬ʱóòˡ
ӿռóЩհװģҶ඼ڿռ˰װ÷װװóģҲй¶ʲô
īŲ̻ʱ򣬾ͼҶڻǰԶǰŶƺڷʲô
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ҶƫͷȥЦһ£ҡͷʵī㲻ڣӪػ᲻
īһ£ЦЦᣬʲôҵģھȾھȣҲҲᵢ顣˵ҸСϢˡ
ҪҪȥ͸īôӪ˶Ļ˰ɡ
īҲҡͷãʲôÿģôء
ôܷҶһţ˵ûģοʱ򡣸īֻҶװڴˡ
ûµİҲˣҰ޶޺ˮˡҶ˵īȥɣҲʡĴҵġ
ȻҶЦűʾԼһ˿ԣīҡͷ
Ҳȥ棬ˣһȥ
ҺòأҶ洹е
棬ģܿͻġ


359 ϲ

û˵ͷ֪ʲôīϴɾ֣߹ȥο棬ңܿͻģţ
ĿҶпڸī·ʱΧıƺʶ߱˱ܣȻֻϸ΢ƶǷˡ
īϵʲôȻ㲻ıϵܲ˵ֵĽڻļ
У֮ǰȻܽŭµİơ
Ȼһ·ɳĮҲѸīֿһŷһͷɳǡ
ȺΧµʱȻҹһ˾ܳңҪộҪôǲ
ǣ˭᲻أ˶
ҶкɣĬĬĿ˿īû˵
˫峺ףֹֻһЦȴøīһۣ棬㲻õģһġ
ī˵ˣе׵ġ
⻰īﲻ֪ҶǷˣɼˡ
桭
˵꣬ҶͰѴӰͳǧصķȺзϣҲģ
īѵûߵͽΪʲôҪ֪ΪʲôͻȻŭΪݻΪĲһС
󰡡ī۵׻ۣ棬ǲ˾ûµģ㲻ҪģҲҪ롣
Ҷ룬ȻǺˡ
ǰ˭ͻȻ飬Ầ°ɣ
죬Ҷʲôû˵ɸīףǺµġ
Ҳ֣ûκεԹޣֻĬĬĽţμȥץˣ޲ôһС
ߣǣ¡𣿸īѹ棬㲻þǧ֮⣬ʲô飬Ҷһֱһֱġ
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֮ǰīһ˵֮ԱǣɵҶϣòˡ֪֮ǰùƾǸŻ˵˵ǣôΪˡ
뵽Ҷܿ࣬īĹ˾ݺݵıϼء
ҶͷһЦЦȴ۵ס
ɲһ˽Ĺ
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Ҷԣͫȣܿ
īͷҿĲǺֻ֪иȥˣ֮ǰǺʯӲĶǹƶ֮Ķɣվ̫һЩԾײˡ
Ҷ棺һֱû˿û뵽ûī۾ֻǣǲɵĹƶѡ
īڻɵʱǺڣ֪һҶ濿ġ
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Ҷ棺ûжֻܷɶѣƺڣ粻ˣ˫ĵս
ȻҶҲ֪ôԲԣγĪʧڣЩҶ治òôɡ
ĿŸīҶһʱ᲻֪˵ʲôãһᣬſڣīлл㣬
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Ҷ濴һ£˵ʲôȴīֹ̧ˡ
˵ꡣ
īһּ˵˱׾Ůͬ־ٴɫ࿴һۣ˶ڱЦһӴҴ⡣
Щһڶʼ㣡
Ҷ˵Ůͬ־ٴɫˣҡðɣīͶﰵչˣŮͬ־ͬ־ĺá
ī֪Ҷڸ̣ڻ˵š
ûʱ򣬶Щ⣬μͻȻˣҼҪ㣬¼ˣ㲻ϲҡ໥ϲȴΪĹϵ㵣¡
֪ϲҶ֮ǰīЩĻ⣬ôˣһ벻֪һôˣûʲôõģ˲ǡ
ϲҶ󣬸īһӾߣԼиһҶˡ
ǣַŲǿҪ˵īůůġ
Ҷգ۾Щһůڻůһ˿ĸо
īһ⣬ҪǻẦ£ĩֵʱͳΪһѰ׹ˣ㲻֪ĩǸô磬ûоˣԶ֪ôǸ˾硣
㾭ˣҲ֪Ҫôݡ


360 ޳

ͣûп˵īͣ£˼һֱҶ濴ֻǿ˼ַۣɿƲϵ糺춼ӵˡ
棬ϲ㣬֮ǰϲˣĲݿܵϲǻֵ̿ģΪҲ֪ϲʲôˣҲ֪Ҫαϲ֪ôҪͶãҡ֪ˣҪô㡣
˴ǸȵӻһĨãһ£ּ˵ҺԼĲãҺʧȥ㣬˵ұɵ飬ܿģΪҿܵʱӵ㡣
ЩǲǾҺܱīЦգַɿ˵ţҲҺܱɡ
棬Ƣãֵµ˾ûвҵġʲôĮģϲ㡣棬ʱ룬жˣˣҾǿȡᣬҲҪһ𡣡
˵īֿЦһ£ֻǣ㣬Һݲҿü͵ģ㲻ľͺͱ˺һңҲ֪Ҫôã㲻ĵطһҪ˵
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֪᲻ϰߣԽܣǣ棬㲻Ҫܾң㲻Ҫңȫĵңڣ㲻õĻܵ˺һЩ˺赲ģΡ
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ңҡҶ֪˵ʲôˣھ㣬㲻õĻңҲҪңңҲߵģҾߣҲȥ
ī˵ţĶҶ棬ᶨҲһ𡣡
ҲһҶıһ仰ˡ
īҡ˵ע£Ҷ죬ð˵лл㡣
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ڵ飬ʶʣԥľʹӦˣܷɣʱ뿪һ
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˵жǼٵġôһ˲ԵɣֻΪϲƴĶãҶ
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ҪǼʳҪǼ޷ĿɱΪ˻еӤ׳ȥɥʬĽŲȵһʩȵͱôôնҪȥţҲǺѵġ
ҶŸī㲻ࡣ
ҲԸŲȥЩѡ
ʵҶŸīģҪȻôôԵġ
ĻҶ̾һīҾãҲǱɵǸ
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У¶ƺܸܱ˵Ҫ˾٣ȷøīԽԽˡ
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īһ㶣ʶҪ˼Ц棬ͱɰɣϲɣֻҪ㲻ңԸ¾ͺá
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ī֪ҪҶ棬ôô׵ķŹһء
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ȻīҶ˵ĻҲģġһġ
ī֪ϲҶ棬ͷŲˡ
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361

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ЦĿģǳԵһռ˴һҶ治һ֪˵ʲôãȴЦݣҲ
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ˣ˭Χĵܽ
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Ȼô϶㲻ж֪ôµġ֮⣬ֻԼСܣҲǿһҪҡ
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֪ҶӦգֿһ۽ĵ棬ĵīôĴ󰡣
ҶƵʱ򣬸īҲڰ⣬жǾǡ˿Ҷ棬ī룬ѲɣҶ˵ľ֣
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ҹ·ҲֻñȳɳĮʱ򣬰ҹҪһЩڲܣοлѿء
˵ʵҶͲˡ
īǲþ죬ᵽԼѪȥЩ飬ûҪô׷ײô
Ҷ濴˿īȷû䵽ģ
ղͷźڵûˣȻ˵ôţӦòᶳǡ
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362

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īԣ˼룬ҡͷܡ
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ҶЩЦǹйŮŲ˵ʲôûеڣ˭˵л
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죡˯īЩ˵
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363 

ӣѪٶȾˣīֶֻѹѪֿһЩ
˿ڣī˼Ǵ˿ڵȷϵĺܿ죬Ǵ֮ǰ
ѵǡҶ棬īߵѪ˿ʪӲɾ촽ȷᷢŷյϸɫƺһЩ˶ī˲棬ΪԲԣ
Ϊ㣬ҵ˿ڲŻôϵģ
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364 Ե

棬˵ģҲᶪһ˵ġ
ī䣬ƺҶߵĺһѶ°˱ϣ˳޴°˰һ飬ɿ뿪ޣȥ
ᣬīǲˣȻ֪Ӫص˻ҵҲû뵽ô졣
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ӪرҪﲹˮ첻ҹҲˮ
īҿԼߵġīĶŪסҶ淴Ӧǻһξأûô췢ֵġ
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ģҡҶۿûϵҶѡ
棬𶯣ҵġȻǺţɸīļᶨͶĲݾܾҶҪӶС
Ҷ˵˼䣬īأֻſļͷ²ۣԵ
һᣬҶʵīͲ𣿡
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٣ҹ϶ȹġ
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ȻûˣһѾ֮ǰ˾ǸīҶ档
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ᣬСѾȷ˸īҶòƸ뿪á
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֪īˣС¶ҪΪīΪ˺Ҷ浥һ𣬹ˡ
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źɩӣӦû°ɣ


365

ɩҲ޸֮Ůͬ־οſǴǹء
ذΧʱ򣬸ȱǹ֧ҩԴɱΧӦòʲôġ
ԣʲôģ
գС϶ӪҲԶŲûзִˣʲô»һЩ飬æþͻӪغһġ
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ī⻰Цˣֿĵļʰȥֻ̺÷ˮҶڵ΢΢


366 ù

Ҷ͸īֳһȺзʵʵ׷ҶŪװðġ
ϾīҲɵӣ̫޼ɵǡ
ҹĻٺҶľͷͲˣһֱиīĬĬԼѪҩܵ£񻯲رأµǻá
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īעһֱҶϣͺҶڷˮϣҪҲС
ôˣ棿
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뵽īԼ˳ѵ˹ˣ
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ҹɫУҶܱɵĽضλû취ӡ
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ˡ
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ī֪ҶѾڻˣ˻æ޴¸Ҷϣǲزסۣ棬䲻䣿ҪҪȵˮ


367 ץ

Ҷҡͷڷˮ¡
ȻīͰ˿ˣҶʱģԺлǻḡֳһĻ
īҶ溰һߵĻȴôҲ˵
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īΪҶֻнģЦݸӿ
棬ҪҪ˯һ᣿ỹĵء
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ڹһξòԾʱ򣬸īϺһ˿ĻңȻܿȥ
ʱҶû룬ϸȷġ
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ҶʱԼҲû⣬룬īΪѹ̫ͻȻΪڸǲ֪飬īæˮݸȡ
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Ҫ΢עһЩҶ淢ǳ顣
īº󣬲û˯ţ۾ϢһᣬԼһСʱ۾
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ذױץסīǿҪŵ࣬΢һЩ
ģȻ᷸ĴЩ˵


368 Ҫ

棬㣬û˯īȻ֮ܿǰһĨѾҶƸš
ҶܿīĲԼþ΢ŲźˣԶһЩֱĿһοڣī㻹ûлشңղʲô
ܿľٶ͸¶룬īһ£Щ䣬ﲻһϡ
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ѵΪԼ
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û뵽ˡ˵ţīæӰ﷭֮ǰµҰҶ
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ҲҪҶһ䣬ֲסĿȿȿȣīȿȡ㲻˵ģҲжҲܡ
ǽ飬
һֱ뵽ЩõĻ䣬Ѫȵĳ棬к֫Цˡ
ҶҵĿУīܾĿһѰӵסüǲزסۣ棬ô
ҶҡͷҪ˵ʲôɻ۵ڲͣĿԣƺҪѷζȳһĸīľһš


369 ִ֮

ȦķΧڼУҶɫ׵ˣ촽Ҳţ۵Ĳͣ壬üëѾԼ˰˪
īذ
֪ٵˣͻûкãΪʧѪ⣬ء
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䣬īûüŻһѪ
Ҷ澾Ÿīһֻڣþ˵ԡ
ܺͰϳ֣īв̣ܴӦ
棬Բ𣬿ǣҲĿǰܿࡣ
ī˵ţҶ濹ܵУĻԼ֣һΣķĻڵѪܡ
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ң
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ѻڵ˿ڴˣ˳ĵ˿ҲϴīüģСĵİҶ˽
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ۣ
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ʮͽˣʱѽûںãҲû취Ϊ˿ڳԵģ͡
һΣɲˣҩѾľʳûˣƤݸ
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ˣүҲİɣŻһδεķŹҡһΣսֻһ˻Ŵɨս˵Ҷû뵽¾Ȼ
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īʱһʼˣҶȺ˵Ļֻ飬˭ܵ棬֪
һ˶ԲԣһһֱǵأһʼҲû룬֪ڶΣΣֶܰǰͷ˵ϣҼѹֲʵ


370 

ǣǻϲģڴ֣ºܶʱֻ˵Ҳܿġ
棬֪ǲģ˵Ҳˣʶ֮ǰֺҾͱõСˣҲˣˣͿˡ
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ī˵ţҡͷЦЦ㿴ҾôСˡ
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˵ţī۵׻һĨκͲ֪ĳ硣
Ҷ棬īԥһ£ü䣬ĸ˸ĺ»Ūһ
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һᣬҶƺԼڵʹ˲٣ҲָһЩſڣīҲˣôľѪʲôЧء
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īӦգҶ滹ǲģ֪īһġ
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ǰ㣬쵽ʱҶͿԼ߶ˣͺҹŻѪϢ΢Ĳһ


371 

ָ˻ī˵һֱЦǳǳģůůģǸĮµ˺񲻼һ
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ҶһҲһĨѹȥһ£˵Ӫصʱ֧Ŷ֮ǰпһΣʱʯӻڡ


372

⻰һ䣬īͲɵĿʼ뻳
ѵ֧Ŷ˶ЩƤë
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377 

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Ҷ澪ȣīǻƽЩܻǮӦ˵رǮ
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Ķ˶ĶҶ棬īõģϽ϶˵ֻΪҶɳĮ˺ܶ࣬ʹģûµ˼
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Ҷ͸īСɵۣžǿϲ
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ҡţɩӣǡ̫ˣ̫ˡС¸˻ˣ۾ͨ죬ۿҪˡ
֪Ǵ޽ϵĻΪῴҶ͸īȴ֪˴ͷβûлʱ顣
죬Ǽ˰ΧתˣС²Ǻȷ˸īµıǣ綼סˣҲĵĽ
ῴõĻȻһЩǰȫȫĻˣûҲûС
ʵīҶ֮Կ㲣׻ΪҶ汾Ϊɶ˵ָҲûôīҶι˲ѪɫȻжá
ο˻·ϲСĴɳϹΣȻǺģȻòȥˡ
꣡īûѴҶѰ
С¿ǿǺ޵ģī֮ǰ;һΣԺ˻ѹʱ
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379

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ңҡɩӣ㿴С±ҭסίĿҶ棬ҪҶ˼
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Сп࣬ôˣſɻԴˡ
ߵĶҲйˣһǸīҶ˻ˣ
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̫ˣţǻһһء

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һҶ˯ġ
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Ҷ㲻Եİ⻰ʳˣߣȥԼܣֺαȥڸīء
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οҲһǳԹʲôЩˣʾǻЩ⣬С١Ҳе
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뿪ƽǶ˰ɣҲ֪С١Сô֮ǰиС١Ҫ۸ģҲ֪Լڣǲֱ۸ˡ
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ҶīЩ棬ֲʣ۾һתˡ
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һ룬ϺҶ˵ʱҲߵӣī͸ȷˡ
Դף
īϲɵֳЦСһĪ


381

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382

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СҲ֣ҲףôŶɩӣͺͱ˸ƵģҪ˵Ļһ
ţⲤ˴īԵˡ
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383

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384

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385 ľ

ȸīˣżͷײײСµļ򣬺Сͬ־ţôˣ
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386

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387 

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389

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390

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СҲǺ֪ǿǸīóԣҶġ
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391 Ϊʲô

;Ϣīûʲô飬յҶߣЦʣ棬ôİ
ţҶûڵ˼۾ĹâģͲˣܸ뿪ɳĮˡ
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392 ֶθ

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393 Ӧ

Ҷû˵ɿ˿ڵĸīˣҶ棬Χ˶ǵúϲԣȴѾһһ˼
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˵ˣ˳̶ȶһҲǸ첲ѾˣصǹѺϺüĲˡ


394 ˭ã

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ôҲû뵽һ˲Ҫôá
ҲûʲôҪģΪݣԱҪһɳĮ
ҶɳĮҲֵһӵĻƽ𣬻׵һֱִҪ̫ˡ


395 ƿڴ

ʱ죡Ҷ̾һɳĮÿﶼһ˰ͺҹҪ㲻˵һûӹôء
ɲǣͬ־ЦȻ˵Ҷ£һ˵ллܸл㵱ô
ˣ㣬˵˲Ҫ𡣡Ҷ״ǲĵۡ
úúã˵˵֮ллˡȻȥǿɱϵҪŲУԺʲô飬ܸţ籨
ҶЦѽһġ
ϣۻ˷׷վ˯㡣
ʱҶ汻泳ֵѣ۾ʱ򣬼ͬ־Ҳ۾ڴ·׼ȥʲô
ҲˣҲ֪ͷôôҵȥ
ҲȥҶ˵ţҲ·
Ҷͬ־¥֪ôһ¡
֪˭ڿװӣվпѷ豸žȻûϣ֪ﱻˡ
ûȴˡ
Ҷһӣ׵ôһˡ
Цһ£¶ĿǰһУƺʹһߡ
͵͵ϣֺܿߵĿװûио
ȷ˺͸īһҶлʲôѶ͵豸ɳĮȻ׼ߡ
ֻǣ˭û뵽Ҷȷ˺ôڳ˭Ҳĵط
ҶͻȻЩңǰ죬ǰ͸ī˵˶Ѿ˻ƽǣҪȻŵĿܾиīˡ
ҶҲûô࣬͸īô˵¸īᵣ¶ڣҪĶѣû뵽
īС¾ֵͲղһվ˵Ӱȥ˱׷˳ȥû׷ˡ
Ҷ͸īһֺۣܿƿߡ
⵽˭ɵģ˭ɵġŽڿӵˤĹ̳嶼ˡ
ͬ־ϽǰŽڷסʦɱ塣
ĺð˵Ĵֱ̫ǰడ
⻰ĺ˭ҲȥָӵĲǡ
˭뵽ⶼվˣϴľɳĮھôûлصоأͱƻˡ
ĳɹ̣ƻ˭ĺƴֻƿڴʲô
ӵרҺѧҲˡ
˭˭ǽǣ˭ƻҵĳɹ
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һƿڴŽǿѹͷŭ𣬿ʼ𻵵ĹյīǴ˰豸Ҳúüһ飬Ͼ˭ġ
һŷ֣Ӷ򿪹ȻûжʧżΪڵ飬Ҷ̫żˣѹżķŪ˲˵ҳ˼ҳ
ŽڵȻ۵һƿڴˡ
һҪҳݺݵĽѵһ٣Ҫȥ֡
Ļ˵ˣɼŽڵ˶ˡ
ûҶʲô飬Ȼǻطȥˡ
ҶνģǰҪ¶ѰŪˡ
û豸ҵǻΪҶǰˣû뵽鶼ֳˣҶ滹һνĻط˯Ҳš
ѵҶʲôûŪ
Ҷ϶ϰôԼŮ
ʵܶ˶Ҷ϶ϻҶʲôϾʲôƽҪ˾Ҷǻ̳Ҷ϶ϵµĶ
˭˽ĲǣҶ϶ôܲԼŮ㶫Ҳһ㲻ǣҪȻôġ
ûûҪģҲô
ֻǣЩ˵ɵˣΪҶֳľʲô֪
Ҫ֪ɳĮʱҶ棬ҲʲôҡͷҪȻ˵ҿŰ죬ţû
һǽɳĮ͵ĸо
Щ֪Ҷ滹ǱŴ͵ĸŽɳĮģû취ָˣҲþܾȻ˵ͺˡ
ӵûƣҶ治֪˯ѵʱѾƽϢˡ
Ҳ鲻ʲôܶ˶вڳ֤ݣҶƣûץУҲ˵ʲôûʧ
һվһܣ̤Ϲ̡
һܣҶվ˾˯Ҳ飬ܲմͲմīҲԸҶմЩ飬Ҫ֣ҲСƹȥæžҶ汻˽õ顣


396

ϡ
Ҷ濴Ÿīɻ󣺡㲻Ӧûȥ𣿡
Ȼû˼С»Կī΢סı飬æͷЦֱɩ˰ɣ
īΣ棬һռٵʱ䰡֮ǰɳĮҲǹݼٵġ
֮⣬Ǽݼ١
ҶһȻĵͷǲˡ
ᣬīûһɨ͵ЦС£Լ֪͵ǲǡ
С͵ز˲ܿΣ۹۱ǱǹĵһɫĶԼǰӣ¶˿Цݣ±īǳǧǧ
ǰȻҲᷣˣûôС
СƺˣǰҲûôῴīЦš
Žһ˶ҪԪ˲ܸԽɢԼλģеɢʶҶ˵Ҳûʲô⡣
԰԰ûߣȫ޵ĵûһ˿־
㹻˸īҶʲôġ
ܶʱ򣬾԰԰뿴һӪ뿴ҲѣοīҶ淹ȥɢҲ֪ġ
һʼ֪īҶĹϵܻһǣҲҽں˳ȥߣƫƫ֪ˣڸȥҲûûƤˡ
˵ˣҲûøī䵭ģֻûдţԶһ㡣
ҲǸֲҲҪĺòã
Ҫ԰԰ҲҶָıȻҶ濴ǻˡ
£Ǹīȥȡ԰԰ɵɳĮ飬ԼյĻ͸īת죬ǲǻỼѼأ
ҶΪ͸īѼ飬˵ĹϵŻӺõİɣ
֮ǰҶԸī̬԰԰ҲܸоģǻӦòֹǱӵ룬˺׽ġ
룬԰԰֪涨ȻһյģǴٽԭ
ֿһҶ˵Цĸī԰԰ƲƲ죬ƿĿ⣬ĵʲôϲͲϲʲô˲ġ
û֪԰԰ʲôīǲĸˡ
ЦǱˣƴĶȥѰսӢ£ֲʲôܵˡ
Ҷصƽǵʱ뿪Ѿʮˡ
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СʡǣϾҲƽǡ
īҶƽǵģе飬Ҫ촦εҶ˺һᡣ
ԸīΪҶƺҲϰˣӦӦûסīֲСˣȻȥˣæȥɡ
ˣȸīæȥƽǣҶͰѶ
ҶѾ룬ó⼸һºϻƽĶһǮʱɴīֺˣҪȻĲץСҲá
ȻûоʱһЩҶҲ˵ģīΪεĲΪһҲʲô¡
ī֪Ҷ뷨żƽǵĲɵģƺҲû᲻īˡ
桭
Ҷգ͵۾ŸīǸīĻôҲ˵ðĵ·עⰲȫ
֪ˡҶæӦš
ʵҶһʡǣ綼ɻȥˣкһûС١ˣҲ֪С١СԲôˣȷůĵСһˡ
ҶԶˣīβ˼ôøղҶرȲҪȥأ
ѵǹܣ
ʱ䣬ҶȻû𣬿ɸīҲû˵Ĵڡ
ҶվڼſڣŶûбһУϲɵ¶ĵЦ
С١дҵ֪ôģһֱﾲддȥò⣬Ȼдˡ
ࡣ
С°Լſվһˣһ㶣ŷӦϲ
Ҷ㣿
ҶͷһСվԼԶЦ°ˣ
СϵеĿϲ˵ͷǣǣ°ˣҶ㣬˰
ҶˣѲءҶ˵գͷ˿ԼЩѵıĺܳˣ
֪ɹͻһֱǳ˳Էǵʱ䣬ǰͷģҲԼƤȷôֲˡ
ɳĮҶǷĤһ㶼Ź
һΣĤأͬ־ŵˡ
֪Ҷڻһ£ҲףС
Ԫ޵дҶĤʱīҹҲĺɫĤһҶɲܸīûбŵҪ


397 ˣ

ûУûУֻ̫ˡҶ㣬ڻˡС׸˵ЦţȴЩʡ
ȻС١ǰ¶ҲǰҶ浱һģһ˲ȥ£᲻ǹңǡ
أڻˡ
ʱűˣС١̽Դϴڴڴ͸˵Ҷʱţ㣿
ҶЦѣѹôǲϵˣҸҪˡ
䣬С١׵Ļع˫էıϲע룬˷ޱȵЦݡ
㣬ˣǽˡ
С١˵ĺţһ߹һж࿪ģҲģۿһ죬һصĿ˳
ۡ㣬ڻˡ
ÿ춼ӣһʼΪһ£ֹһ£ٺ棬ˣˣ㻹ûл
żڼңﶼûȥ½˲ܼʱ֪һһ졣
ʱԼţֻߺҶ˷ܵĿһʲô˶ûС
ʱҲ£Ҷ˻Ϊܵꡣ
˯ģ˯̫
ܶʱС١룬ǲ۾ͻˡ
ǲǷѧؼңڼˡ
ǲǡ
˺þãĻһ㶼¸ˣСһĿˡ
С١һߺҵĨᣬһҶ棬пͰ͵飬Ҷ涼ˡ
⡭ղŻЦأͿˡ
ҶסһӾЩæ
С١𣬱ްңһˣһˡ
԰С١ҲǹҪȥôõģʵɳĮıȽԶĿҲһʱܺõģʹľˡҶһ߽ͣһԴ
ڻ˰Ҳȥôˣˣˡ
˵ʵڵģС١ҶͦģһֱůĵģһʼҶĮЦǺǵš
棬ÿҶʲôǲģ飬ûж
ɳĮʱ䣬Ҷʱͷȵģ͸ɾ˫
СױҲѹģһԼܵģʱͱ˻ȥˡ
ҶԽǺ壬С١޵ԽģǺ޵ģͺίҶ涼ɻĿСףѯ
ôˣС١۸ˣ
С׿ЦãҡͷûУӦҶС١̫ˣš
Ҷһ£ЦΡ
С١ٿˣٿޣҶ£ô죿
С١һǽĶҶ棬ίͰ͵һһĵ£Ҷ涼̾硣
ãСεҡͷΪ˵Ҷͻõģ֪ᾹȻҲûЧ
˵СѾټܵܿˣһǿ޵ôѹ
СȤĿţԼղҲʧ̬һ
㣬á㣬᲻ᡭ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôҶҡͷᣬҲߣҸ˳ģеأȷҪһֱվſ𣿡
⻰һС١ְ˽ŵİĨȥȻڳģѾµҪҶˡ
㣬죬ǻȥ
Ҷ汾С١ģһ£ˡ
С١һӣҶֽˣСǰĴϡ
Ҷ£С١Ѿɿķ˶ȻҶ浹ˮȥ
ȻҶ治ڼңС١ÿ춼ϴҶıӣůˮֽĸҶһõ廨衣
㣬ۻ˰ɣȵ衣²豭С١Ҷ¶Цˣỹڽëϡ
С׺һôٻʹӷһߣȥѴŹϣŻһš
֮ǰҶû˵С١СҲ֪С׻ȥͼʹõ˵ҲǳԶͼǱû˵Ҷʲô飬С׺С١ͻˡ
㣬㶼šС١Щίġ
㣬Ҳ֣ܿ˵ҲԲֵġ
֮⣬ǲǳȥˣ
Ҷε̯֣û취ɳĮﰡûʵԱģҾҲа
ʵǲУվǻÿʵԱŵģҶһ£ûд˭֪Ż᲻С١Сʲô鷳ɴͲˡ
ղҶſڵĻС١ûȥһԾȥɳĮˣ
ţαдɳĮҪأ˿ءĿѾᣬ˵Ҳû˵ʲô˵ģҶںļ
СһȻѹء


398 ܿ

һЩ˵˵ˣûԼʲôΣգֻ˵һЩɳĮȤ£ȻҲ˵һЩɳĮӦעɳΣա
СʱҶС١á
СֶҶ
С١ԼҲǱԼţһ㶼ӺȻ޿ģý㿴Цˡ
Ҷ֪С١ľᣬ˿ڲſʼȥԼĶ
ͳţɣмɣоһЩĺʳִͳװõֽ
ţ뿪վʱ򣬸īصվĹԱæģһûҪҶˡ
Ҷ汾ûҪģī֣룬ʱҲҪȡǮûھᡣ
ҶԼģǳûóҪС١С׳ʶѡ
ȻҲ˵˼˭Ͳ˵ˡ
Ԫ޵İٻ¥ģҲ࣬ģʵռġ
ֽװ·ҶС׺С١׼ģŴɳĮüһƱԣǴӿռ﷭׹װ͵ĳͿӡ
һģС׵ĴһЩС١СһЩһɫɫͳһĺɫɫһЩ
û취ʱкӾǹװĳӶ࣬ҪǸţп¡ƶٻע⣬һ£ˣ͵Щĺá
ͬĿͣò˶룬ϾȻͳͳÿʡĶʽеģϼܵʱҲпġ
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·ҶҲϸ˼óġ
ԣҶʵС١һЩͯӦеĻõɫġ
С١Ҷﰵ⣬ŰɣȥϺˣ͸õСӦô·
С١С׿ЩֿҶ棬죬ð˵
лл㡣
ллҶˡ
ǧ˵ʲôʣֻܸɰͰ͵˵һ䡣
Ҷ˵ʲôǴֲָ˵ʲôûǳȥˣнڴѡ
ȥԣϲʣ
С١ͷҡͷԣһ
ǰҶ۹ܺá
ҶЦҹһ£һЩҪȻСء
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Ҷ治С١СȥУпó·ȥˣŪ˲٣Ҳ
С١·˵Цţۿеˣסûٿ޳
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㣬ԺˣóԵģƯ·С١˵š
Ҷһ£Цۣҿɵˡ
С·ڣҶ㣬´αҺС١·ˣǵ·ˣøԼǡ
а·Ҳ١Ҷ˵
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˺һᣬˣСŷӦæȥ
ûڼңҶΪµĶӦöʣ޼ˣ׼˵ȥ¹Ӻúóһأ֪С١ľܾ£ŷ֣µĶȻʣ²١
ǣǶ𣿡
ûаһֱڼԷû¹ӡС١æ˵
Ҷٴοһʣ´ĻȻĶΣû˵Ǻúóԣ̫ʡˣ
һ棬ȻҲв٣Ǵûж٣֪ڣС١С׽ʡİѴˣֻǣϸһš
Сײ˼ЦЦҶ㣬ʵҲʡһٶû¡
ңǡҶҪһ٣ɶֺõЦݣʲôҲ˵ˡ
һᣬҶ̾һѹҼǶˡ
С١һæͷ˿Լ
ûа˵ˣǾ͵˰ɣգ̧ͷ㣬ݵġ
ɰĻҶûסһЦˡ
գҶЦãҲԣڻˣǶһ㣬ŬҳһЩ
ҶûвˣС١ŷĵЦˡ
ʵ˵ʵȻʡһЩҲûжӣڴԺʱԵĺúܶˣʱʱ磬ͺܺˡ
СһŪģԺҶС١˵¶ĵЦµĶˡ
ãҶˣ
ΪҶˣһٷС׿÷ˣҶɳĮܿˡ


399 ϰ

ղ˶ˣɳĮˮҪʡԵȻһ˺ãҲҶڼʱԵĺãһ뵽ڼϸ⣬Ҷµʳ͵ģҶȴҪиɰͰ͵ĸ
С١С׸ӹⲻȥˡ
Ҷ㣬һ㣬㻹ʲôԵģ˵ȥ
С١ǲסŹҶвˣ㣬㣬Ե⡭
ҶȻҲǲĸ˼ġ
ǿԣһ㣬ҿûݣҲǺһЩǣֺڣ֮ǰһЩҶһЩüС١ЦţСҲĵЦġ
ٺ١С١ЦеģԣѾԺܶˡ
СҲæȰţҶ㣬ԼúóԣС١ҶԼв˵ġ
ҶŻʵóһЩʵŹǸСģŹˣռﲻûУܲ˻ԼȲĳԶʳȻ󲻹С١Сװɡ
ţҶ˵죬ŹǣŪͷСŹǰ
ͷζŹǵζֱˣҶЩƵطٳʱ򣬶Ų豭豭װĲǿˮҲǲˮ̲衣
Ҷ治˵ǻ·ϣŵļζƮ˳Żŵġ
ҶһٻûгһٵĲ˵С׺С١һҲ֡
С׶˵ĵͷ룬ǰ˵һһ͵ʳꡣ
С١µƱһֱţʱͶһҲˣǿŹǵ廨⣬ܰٽء
Ҷ㣬ŻȲţúϢһʳȥͺá
Ҷͷ뵽ʲôʵƱ
ɳĮ˿꣬ҶҪǣʱʲôʲôҪƱȯˡ
Сײ˼ЦЦҺС١ƱҲˣһǴ£ĽƱء
Ҷһ׹ܿ쿴ˣҲ¶ûԣ
ƺҶı￴ʲôСæûԣ֮ǰеƱˡ
С١Ҳæ˵㣬ģһֱг⣬ң֮ǰǻ˲ٶ𣬻ʳʲôġ
⻰ҶҲͲˣˣǳԺóԵľˡ
ôһ˵ҺҲƱˣǲ֪˶ˡһɳĮƺһЩƱȯ˼ֲ˵ƱҲˡ
ƱȯⶫˣУһֱȱҲˡ
ǣҶҲˣҶ궼ûÿƱȯţ쵽˾˻µģڶء
ҶͷУ㵽ʱȥŹǵʱ򣬿ûͷ򼸸һ㿴ˡ
Ҷ㣬Źǣ㻹Աʲô𣿡
С١æʣ㣬Կּ𣿡
ҶҡͷҵͦŹǵģּһ㣬ҲҶҲһ㡣˵վһܣԼСǳ˿ּռ˺
˵;Щ塣
һٷܿ͹ȥˡ
ʰͲҪҶ涯֣Լʰһ£ԼĴ̸Ʒ
ϴʱСһŷ⣬֣صĵݸ
ʲôҶһߺ棬һߴ򿪡
ǵǮƱȯ
꣬ûǮƱȯʲôģҶͲ˵ˣϾƱȯҲж򣬺οٶҪƱȯ٣ҪŹġ
Сףˡ
ҶüɲɵǮʲôڴһ֪ˣѹû
Сײ˼˵֮ǰ˼ǮȻҷʾͲˡ
Ҷ棺
ǲ֪ԼС׺С١ǮǾ޴һʣ׬˲٣ǸʱҲ֪ԼʲôʱŻʶĶˡ
ȻǮǰ˵ԼܵܿģҲǮû˾ʡš
ֻû뵽ˣ˼Ǯһصزˡ
Ҷ㣬ʵ㲻ǮҵĹҲǹõġţҲ٣ܻʲôǮҪˮͷѡ
Ҷ濴˿ǮּСЦϣһ£ˣô£Ҫѵһ٣ƺЩ飬ʡǺ£ûûˡ
ҪǮͺ˵
С׹ԹԵͷҶ㣬һġ
ôҶ㡣
Сײ˼ЦЦϰˣҾãС١ĲһҲͦõġ
ҶЦЦҲû鲻ţ㣬û¾Ϣ


400 Դ

ˡҶ׼طʱСʲôڰ˺ס
ţҶ濴ȴͻȻЩȻ˾İϤٻЩϰˣеʲôĸо
Ҷ㣬㲻ڵʱҽ½ӳĶ
Ҷԣһ£ͷʾס
Сּ˵½ӳʱȥ£Ҳ˳·һЩ߻ҶǮˡһʼԸҪģ˵գԺҲӻĹߣǮ
ǿɲռ½ȻıˣȻʱҪҶ
ռ½ȻıˣС׻صݼٵʱС١תһȦ˽һ¼۸񣬵ȻҲ˳һЩòϵƱȯˡ
µũֵܶûƱȯҪŪƱȯǻӭߵĳˡ
С׺С١СС١ֻ˵ûˣҲϲȻƱȯȥˡ
˵ʵҲǻ˹࣬ƱȯǮ
ũֵأԼҹ˾Ϳһ㣬ҲûǮ
УҽҲǰ£С١еðǹҽҩ˼źõġ
Ҷһ£ͷ֪ˡ
ܣƺֿһ˫ֹİ˵ĿԼҶЩ˵ֶ֣ᡣ
ܣΪʲôǹأ
Ҷ֪Լƺ˺˹ܣǡգеҶܿѹˡ
ҼǵС١Ѿżˣ԰ɣ
ţС١ٹҪѧˡС֮ǰС١ֹģٲҾͿѧĻɾúЦ
ղţС١ͷˣһֱŲϻط
һֱС׵ĵͷҶ濴ȥװС١˯⽵ͣŹԹĵȥ˯ġ
ҶҲ뵽ղŷС١˵ĻЦЦȥλҲǴ˼ɻҸʱС١½ӳ͹ҽһһȥ
ɿҶװģһа˰ٶˣһ࣬ɲˡ
С׹ԹӦˡ
Ǿ˯
Ҷ㣬

ա
ҶС١ŵĶЦϴ
СǿŻָ˻ÿĵĵܵܣ۾Цˡ
С١һͳˣȥˣ򲻵ҶԵ⽡
Ӫ˶С١ҲϤˣ֮ǰҶʱС١ʲôͷ⽺ͳʲôġ
ӴСͬ־ô簡
С١Цţĺ͹̨ĹԱк÷̣ѵİɣÿĵƤرס
ǺǣСӣͻ˵
˵ĿġС١һ棺ҪȻһʦ
Ҳ˵÷ʮͣģƤҲôһ˲µɫͷһ黨裬ϹЦ˿ر
С١Ӧý÷ͬ־ģҪ̣÷һðԼˣȻǸ˵ģÿοС١ΪС̬Į
úúã㡣÷ЦЦС١Ȥ˼䣬ŵʣôʲô£
С١ЦⲻǾʦպ⽣Ҫݵġ
÷ЦУҺʦ˵һһȣܿͺá
лС١õǮ˹ȥְԼķҲݹȥ÷ӹ΢һǮƱ󷽳תѷдӴڵ˽ȥֵͳ˵˼䡣
һ½緹ܿ죬С١Ҳˡ
ǶʮöһݣƮżƬͲˣЩϺڣžʳ󿪡
С١ĵİѺзӸǺãֺ÷кСĵ뿪
ҲС١ˣҲ÷Ҫһݣ÷ɨһۣͷƱǮ󣬾Ͷųһһݴ⽡
ܿ죬⽴÷ڽӲ˴ϣ÷⽶˷ڹ̨ϣһȡ
ôûͲأϺҲûС
÷ˣҪҪأ
ͬ־˵ʲô÷ѾдȻЩ߷ߣǶ⽣Ҹӳȥˡ
÷Ƴͬ־һۣӣԣͲˣ
С١⽻ʱСҲðѰͷˡ
İͷɢӵζһжʮ˰˸
ͷһӹӪģС׾ûҪ˷ǸǮǹӪҲǴͷԼء
һ·С١ϵЦݶûﻶϲˣ̫ˣˡ
ǣһţ˳Ķﺰ㣬Ұˡ
ҶС١ĶˣԺЦӦˡ


401 

ӣգͷˣû©֮㣬ŰѺӸϣ˷䡣
ѾʰãһԹ;ȥλˡ
겻ˣ˯Ļ
Ҷ˵ǸӰˣƾĸ֪ݶȣ˵˷Ż𣬾վߣ˯ŵʱõ׾ٵİסޱȡ
ǿ־ĵԴ
Ҷ΢ģӦûʲôΣΣ˲Ŷԡ٣һΣն˵ʲô
ڷǰС١ЦӯӯĿɰģҶԴЦС١
С١ЦĸˣӦడࡣ
Ϊ˲ˣС١һ·Ͽɲҵ飬ҪܲŪһ·ܻˡ
˵Ҷ滹ˣռûУɳĮôЩЩʲôģҪǱײ˵Ⱥзܲ˵Ҳȵİɡ
ˣܹĳԣ黹Ǻܲġ
Ⱥ⽣Сó֥͵Σһۣ£һܰĳ͡
⽣С١۾ﶼЦ⣬Ҷ棬˼ˡ
ˣٴκͽһԷоҪжá
С١ģҶЩΣЩ˵ҲС١Сôĺ޷ĶҶ棬ŻôĽǵġ
ԹͣС١ҶطðʱֽİϴˣȻҲҶ֮ǰһ˳ŵҶ档
⡭
С١ͷͽȥϰడ
ҶȻʲôʱϰҲҪˡ
áҶЦֲǲϵ·ԼȥͺˣͦģҪ˾ȥ˯ɣСҪԶ˯Ż᳤ߡ
ҿͽȥϰ࣬˯ġ
СͿҶ˼һ£Ҳûܾ
С١ٴųõЦǴЦһ¾Ҷů
߰ɣҶ˹С١ıӣ˵գߡ
˵ѾʱڣƽǵЩȵġ
Ҷ˿׳ɫڿ㣬ɫСЬȼˬͷ߱֯СӣȻһתһȦֺͷһ˸β
ȻβǶСӣԵøΪһ
һ·С١ԹԵİҶ治ڵ⼸·飬޾ϸһһ˵ˡ
С١ҲڣѧУûб۸
ûУ㣬ģҶˣ۸ˣҲԲᱻ۸ġʵϴҶҳӢһҲڵѧУû˶С١ôˣѧʦ
С١ǰֹɵˣҲҶ鷳Ȼˡ
ʵҪйֵ飬СҪ֪ҲҰ취ѵԷһٵģͷиŽѵ۸Լ˵飬ˡ
磬ڳ﹤ôתûУҶǵãǰͺԼС׵Ҫתʽġ
С١Ĭһ£ҡͷûУ˵Ҫٹ۲۲죬ôѧһʱ䡣
Ҷһʵû˵ʲôʱ򣿡
С١ҡͷ
״Ҷ΢˼һ¾ˣȻ֮ǰӢһƼҾ߳Щ˺ͳӢһҹϵǲģЩӦϲ쵼ҪӢһʲôģҲСûôתġ
οܻ顣
Ҷû˵ѾﰵҪǱҲͰˣΪӢһңôͲҪҲùϵˡ
С١Ҷû˵ֻΪ鲻ˣգæ㣬㲻Ҳûʲô˵ˣСһʱ䣬ѧϰҲǺõġ
ţ֪ûҶǣһС١ԴôģҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ɳĮҶҲûʲôΪʲôҲͣ˭Ϳģ˺ϵǲģȻҲûиīԭڡ
ҶŲںܹþͺãҲǸ鲻ˣռʲ٣ȱʳ㼸ܰ黹ϡ
˵ŵģϣҶǰæġ
ʱī˸磬˰ãӦҶ߶ˡ
Ϊ鴦ȥҶ棬ҹæڶû˯
Сţõ緹
ţæˣԵ㶫ϢһᣬɳŲס
ţ˻ûкȫأɩҪ֪ǻġ֪ԼĻܲãСºܴİҶãɲɵбãɷ


402 

ɳĮҵ嶼΢һ£Ͼһνȥ˶ٶһЩˣ͸ɴ඼һ顣
ʱС֪īܹˡ
ôأ
Сһ㶣΢һ룬ҲͻȻˡ
ɳһΣ
ɩӱȺΧ׷ȥȵһΣ
ֻǸŴɩӳȥһΣ
һΣܹ˵ĲģɸΪ˲ôҵģһֱš
һĸ£ڼ仹Ĺɳǡ
СЩѹָһֱûҽأҽװɣ
뵽ʱ򣬸Ͻɩ͸¶С¾;ᡣ
ֲܲֻùԹӦ¡
СҲʹīǲ͸¶ʲôʱܵˡ
⼸˵ҪγΪī岻ʣ鱨滹ûȫֻ꣬һߵȼ鱨棬һæˡ
С֪ī˼ΪأҶߣɳĮ֧ôã˵Ȭˡ
Ҷ浽ᶼ֪īܹˣֻ֪īΪ˲ٵѪ
ԣԪ޻ƽǵǰһϣС¶īԣС˼ĺ춹ͺǣʱīԡ
С±ҶʱֹôΪҶٲµˣžðο
ɩҲ¸ﲻװ֪İɣ
ѹָôϲɩӣɩ˭õġ
Ҷ浽ͼݣԸС١ȥ·ϱܣ칫ȥ
һ
ǰҶιݳ㱨һ£ԼдϺʹԪ޴Ŀ˵һ齻ȥ
ּ򵥵Ľһĸſ˽ˡ
ᣬҶȥ˹ʡ
һ£ʮǮһ£ǶʮǮһǧٿ飬Ȼвγĵȼѣһ²ʮǮҲǳһٿǮ
£һǧٿ顣
ҶǮǩӡͲ񡢻ƴ˼䣬뿪ҡ
Ҫ˵Ҷ湤ʼӽһٿ飬ûпռ䣬Ҳܹĺܺá
пռڣǼûʲôǮһһǧٿ飬һſռȥϱ鵭ģû˷ܵģ
Ĳͻ뿪󣬲ɵ˼䡣
Ҷ£Ǹɴµˣ˱ҪһôǮһ˻ˡ
ǿɲҪȻô˵Ҷ²һء
˵ڲ֪ҶǽɳĮȥˡ
ɳĮΣհҪԵûУҪȵûУͷ¶紵ܵģһȥôá
ǰңҹƶˡ
ҲǣҪȻô˵Ҷء
һ仰˶û˵֪ɳĮɲȱ𴦣ΣأһСҪģǣȥء
ôǮ˵ĽǼٵģҲֻĽ˵䲻ģ˵Ľļģ˵ĲڶӵĻĲǱ붼벻ġ
ص칫ңҶеĺкŷ֣칫磬һͬ¡
Ҷ£̫ˣڻˣ㶼֪㲻Ҷ㡭Ҷ治ڣܾЩʲô
ҶڵʱҲ໰˺һԷһȲ裬ëߵɫе·ʽѽ
ʲôʱģһ·˳ˡ
Ҷ֣ĵ˵˺һỰź֪Ľ
Ŷˣӡ
Ҷ£ǰ칫·ĿԱʱģˣм
ͬ־Ҷ£֮ǰ˵ģȥˣŻʶһ¡
ôǼгأ
ҶԺһͷҲֻһվԼֵļЦЦһ£ãͬ־
ҶãǼƳ˵ˣŵһЦ飬ϵ˵Ҷ£Ư
ɫɫӣĳĿ߻ľװΣϸĿʽҶԪ޵ʱ򣬾ͼвŮͬ־¡
ҶЦҲƯ
⵹ʵȻûҶĺÿȴҲԲüϴѣЦ¶ԵУǸ˵һۿͻøеĹ
ְһԺǺЦˣ£ǿˣÿ
վˣİɣԺһ£еʱ˽ء
ҶѾа겻ˣİ칫һҳûУɾһ˾ɨ
Ƴлл㰡ҲڵʱҴɨˡ


403

ϹʱҶ˵һʲôģתһ룬ԼȥɳĮǵطɳûʲôز룬ǲˡ
ڿûǶԵġ
粻İ֣ЦЦôֵ飬˵ͬ־칫ĴɨŪˣ˵ģҵҲɨء
ҶԿǣֺл
Щ˼Ц˵ⲻʲôƳ˵ѽ˳ֵ飬Ҿ磬ÿ˳ִɨһ¡
ǲӣˮˣ˭һġ˵ţݸЦţһէĺ޴ģҶЩȻ
Ҷ˵л˵鷳Ƴͼͬ־ˣȹĩǳԶٷɣƴǰ͵Ǹҽӷϴͬ־ӭˡ
ô˵ˣͼȻƴˣЦǺǵĴӦ
ĳԼӡͦõģҶҲ֣Ͼǲ˰꣬ദʱҲñȼö١
ΪҶн겻ˣвٵĻ˵ҲŮͬ־˵Ůһ̨Ϸ칫ʱ
˵ںʲô顣
Űҽһ磬˵ˣܡ
Ҷ֪˵ʲôղڲҲ˵ˣ˵ĲǸڰ칫ңĻ֣ͼĻֲԶ
ֵĿɴˡ
Ǻܴ˵еҲ̫ǶˣֱҪ
ҶԼһջ裬£ԡ
Ҳˡ
˵֪˼Ĺϵسǿʲô˵ˣҲسǵĽڡ
֪ӵĵطĹˣҲ֡
Ȼһʼǻ飬û¹ʲôͶĳˣ˵޸֮࣬ȥ˿ͷһһɵĻһѾͷȻǲģټʱһԼһҪУ¹Գ֪ĻĽ
һȥģ֪Ҳ˿۵Ĺӡ
½飬ֻҪӳ֤ͺã񣬴һ£ˡ
֪˿һʵھðȥˣż˸취Ūسǡ
ˣû취سǵģҪسǣҪôǵҪôǻسǿɡ
ⶼˣö˶Ҫ飬ϱȻǲԸģ֪Ҳ֪˵سˣᱻPAN˵Ȼκòˣ취Ȼٰϱӳ
סлڳƷ˭Ը⣬ο˿Խɻ칤ʣôҲũܵʳ׬ǡ
ԼˣеģΪ˺ӣȻģԼƭģҲͬˡ
Ҳ֪֪û취Ҫµϱˣȥˣǵ˲˵Ҳûˡ
Ҫϱ֮ǰһ֪ͼͨŵŷ⣬ҲֻѶˡ
ⲻۼ඼ûиϢ֪ϱŷϵĵַŲż´ĺӣ˹
֪أسǺΪڳµϱ˶󣬵Ǽǽ顣
Ϊ˼ڳڶ׼ˡ
źϱ·ʱʵ֪»ӣһ¨Ӿͱˡ
»֪ƭ飬Ҫ飬Ҫ⳥֪֮ǰϱȻҲ֪ƭԼӲûаְֲǡ
˵ˣ˽Ǵﶼ֪ģҲûʲôҪʲôҲˣ֪ȥúùӣһѺ
ɺòײŻسǣ֪ôԸȥµʳһֱ֮ǰĻЧǷ⽨˼ı׶ˣҪϵԺŮ޸ɡ
˵ϱƭ飬ǺӶ֪˭ġ
Ļһźһ·Ůͬ־ĺˣ˵ϲң˵ҪȢҶҺһӵģ˵ЩĹεĻⲻҪ
֪żæŵİ֪»һҵʱԭΪũŮ˵С޿ģҲʶˣʲô۶ӣѾ˸ϻˣʲô⡣
Ůͬ־źӰ·˻𳵣»֪๤ĵطĻ֡
㲻ʾͱҲ壬ҪҲù
ҪСŮˣһŮĺɲǺǵġ
ҶȻ֪Щתǻྫʡ
ͼݾĻָڣǿһƬΧۿֵ˿ɲ١
˵ڣòƶûдá
ϾǣҲ٣ֳãֳˣע˿ɲ٣ҪѹȥˡҲŮͬ־ĵط


404

ģ̫ɹŮͬ־ôŲµĺӣĻſһѱһŭԼɷĹΡ
˵ҡͷҿÿֿ
ǵģȻǿСЩģȻҲ֪ǱƵû취ˣŮҲ
ɲ˾ͲǺö
翴˿Ҷ棬Цɲô˵һӴһˡ
ǼǵҶ滹ûнģΪŵˣǿɾͲˡ
ƺҲӦоҶ濴ͷȻҲ˵ȫһʺһ
ôˣҶЦʵҽϹûڼְ
磺֣Ӧʲô˰ɡ
ϾĻҲһĵλһֱű˿Ц
֪๤Ƕˡ˵һ䡣
ȻźҶ棬Ҷһţʶһ⡣
˵Ǹرˣм䲻вʵĸоһֱ²ЦݣʱʱĺţֲʵرУзִ硭
Ҷһ˵˵䣬˵ģͶ豭һˮȻͰѻ˹ȥ
˵Ƕ֪ɳĮﰡǡ̫ʵ߲ˡ
ˣǰ컹ͼͬ־һԷʱأɳĮһûʲôܳԵģȻ
ǸоǡҶҡһͷ״ǻɳĮ羰ͦģǹɳĮӲ¶Щͣرȡ
һʼɳĮʱҲӦգձһһߵġУޡ
ҳһ̵Ĳ˸ɣŪҼܵܿţҪˡ
Ҷ˵Լһ̵Ĳ˸ɵʱ΢һ£˵ûʵ߲ҲǣûȱҲģҼһЩ߲ˣҸһȥ
ˣҲû£ⲻܾ͵ʱ䷢Ʊ𣬵ʱ˸ʳƱͺˡҶæܾ
ղŴӲʱ룬һǧٿ飬ɳĮһЩ飬Ҷ滹ݹ
Ȼû飬ݹĸĴȷͦõġ
ǻõϼأ£ǲҲȸһЩžУû߲˳ԿɲС
ѧҶĻİˣô˵ˣͼŲˣúƴǣֲǲ֪ҼĲôġ
ô˵ҶЦЦҲûپܾ
Ҷ˵в˸ɵʱ򣬼ȻҲЦţзɿĻһĨâ
в˸ɣ˵Ҷ湤ʴ𣬶ңǡôв˸ء
Ȼ֪ʱ˭ȱʳǮҲ򲻵Ҷ䵽в˸ɣЩĵġ
֪Ҷ˵ĳԲ˸ɲǸ͵˵ǲ˸ɿؼѡںٿһ
Ҷ˼С˸⣬ζƮȥˡ
һҶͽȥĶ뿪˰칫ҡ
˿ҶıӰܿͷ״дȴ룬ûҶ˵ôദͦû۵ģȻǱȵĽС㡣
뿪칫Һû˵ķҶϻһĨ˼
ˣֻҪǣԼͿԺƽദҪȻĿԴˡ
һ֪Ҷż棬ڰ칫̸תҶͶ˷
Թ緹سǰȥˣ칫ʣҶ档
ӲëµĻϾģ˭Ҳë²ǣο˶ëߵġ
˵һëܴܾãСˣҲܲ£߸һģӵĶ˸ܵģҲһֱûû˵л
ҶЩģɳĮҲɢˣᵥ֧Դڿ飬ʵѾڴ˯ˡ
Ҷ£ͬ־˿ɲ򵥡
⻰Ҷ澪ȵĿ
һ۰칫ҵţ֪㲻˾ŷģʡģġ
֮ǰǿûҪ˵ġ
Ȼû˵̫࣬Ҷеˡ
ҲǣңʵҪɵĻ࣬Ҷã˴ʱڴ͵ġ
ҶЦû£ͬ£һ鹤úദͺá
籾ҶģҶƺ⣬Ҫ˵ʲôתһ룬ҶҲϲµˣ˵Ҷ͵ĺܣûкʱҲͲ˵ˡ


405 þò

֪Ҷ˵ĳԲ˸ɲǸ͵˵ǲ˸ɿɲʱΪһЩɹɵĲ˸ɡ
ǲ˸ɿؼѡںٿһ򻹵ǰԤԼС
Ҷ˼С˸⣬ζƮȥˡ
һҶͽȥĶ뿪˰칫ҡ
˿ҶıӰܿͷ״дȴ룬ûҶ˵ôദͦû۵ģȻǱȵĽС㣬Լ֮ǰȻǸ߿ˡ
뿪칫Һû˵ķҶϻһĨ˼
ˣֻҪǣԼͿԺƽദҪȻĿԴˡ
һ֪Ҷż棬ڰ칫̸תҶͶ˷
Թ緹سǰȥˣ칫ʣҶ档
ӲëµĻϾģ˭Ҳë²ǣο˶ëߵġ
˵һëܴܾãСˣҲܲ£߸һ֯ӵĶ˸ܵģҲһֱûû˵л
ҶЩģɳĮɢˣûʲôر飬ᵥ֧Դڿ飬ʵѾڴ˯ˡ
Ҷ£ͬ־˿ɲ򵥡
⻰Ҷ澪ȵĿ
һ۰칫ҵţ֪㲻˾ŷģʡģġ
֮ǰǿûҪ˵ġ
Ȼû˵̫࣬Ҷеˡ
ҲǣңʵҪɵĻ࣬Ҷã˴ʱڴ͵ġ
ҶЦû£ͬ£һ鹤úദͺá
籾ҶģҶƺ⣬˵ʲôתһ룬ҶҲϲµˣ˵Ҷ͵ĺܣûкʱҲͲ˵ˡ
Ҷ°ʱС١ſڣЩȡ
С١ôˣ
С١ͷЦӽ°డ
Ҷ治ʧЦôҲû뵽Сƨ°ࡣ
ֲǲʶ·
һ°ࡣҲ֪᲻꣬רŴɡء
ãͼݺͺܸӵˡ
㿴ҲûɡҪǲû취ܿȥˡ
С١ƵûУҶֵһԴǣС١
ʵҶҲ꣬С꣬һ۵ɡ͸㶨ˡ
ɲò˵С١ĵҶůů
ٺ١С١Ц컹ӽ°ࡣ
ҶЦصҲˣ´ҲȣȥҲУֻҪŪͺˡ
ʱطȷСһ˽֪С١ܶ£ʱ䣬С١ĶԱϤˣҲͲˡ
ʵС١ȥԱҲģԱС١С١ɿɰҶϣȻ᲻С١ˡ
ûҶںС١Ц˵ʲô·ʱк
Ҷ£°ܵ𣿿ÿɰ
ѽҵܵܡҶЦգС١С١мֽ㡣
С١˿Ҷʾ£ԹԵĺˡ
֪ǲǴܾС١һ˫۾ܿһôС١ĵĳƺǼٽǼֽأ
ԣЩڵЦЦ̧ͷҶ˵䣬뿪
뿪ͼݺС١ſڡ
㣬Ǹ˲ǺˣԶһЩ
С١һ·ڳĬҶҲûʣô˵һ£뵽ĸоЦãһġ
Ȼǽһ칫ҵģǽ϶û취ԶˡС١ϴųݣ̧ͷҶ棬˵֮ҪСһЩɲܺߵ̫ˣҪŵ㣬Ƿźܶ㡣
Ҷ汾;üЩԾС١˵Ȼӵġ
С١ҶӦ£ŷһЩ
ЩĵĶһ䣺㣬ҪССġ
ҶԼʱĸоҲС١ôˡ
ģҺġ
С١ԣصͷţ
ڼſڿ½ȻʱҶǲģ½Ȼ֪ܿϢ֡
½Ȼþò
½ȻЦҪڣȴˡ
棬þò
һǴġ
ɤһºͣҶһ٣عͷȥֻϹº͵ЦݣĿŲزסļ
ˣܣþòҶǡ
ϵЦݸˣղŵı֪Ҷ沢ûаɱˡ


406 Ϊѣ

ţңþòˡЦʣ棬ʲôʱģ
ŵġ
ЦᣬҶ棬ĵѹ⼸ϾʵҲסԭΪˡ
ǹƻڣܾԲװߴҶֵ߰ġ
ȻҲԼҶֱĿڡ
½ȻüͷôôˣҲܱϣòǶԼɣ
棬ͻ˰
ĹһֱҶ˵½ȻҲ廰
԰Ҫȥ
ǹ½ȻȻûж˵˼⻰ҲʾԽŻٴμ
ܺ½Ȼк½ӳҲڰ
Ҳû뵽½Ȼ½Ȼ겻ɢôϳΧء
½ȻͷҲЦŴкȴֹô⻰ĪǸղžûƼԼ
°࣬ûУ㵱Ҳɲģҵ˺þá⻰˵ıȽˣԸҶ롣
棬ʱô
Ҷ˵ŻԣȴֹѽôͱɴˣϹºüۣûоĻ
С١˺ѵʱѾŴˣҶ״ڣþòˣҪҪȥȸ裿
ð½Ȼ
ЦĿģȻˡ
źС١ԹԵĵˮݲȥҶк£Լط°ź˵𻰡
ܹܺ½Ȼǲ֮ǰ֪Ҷ˳ȥỹһ¡
һߺҶ˵һһûոľͺá
Ҷû˵ɳĮľԱʶܺ½Ȼڶ֪īһͬɳĮ˽֪꣬ʱ򣬸īѾסҶˣȻǺˡ
ãҴһЩɻ׼С׸ȥأһߵʱֱӴߡ
ˣ棬ԼԾͺá
棬֪ͺˣҾͲˣ˳ʱʱİҴԼ԰ɡ
Ҷɲ˵ľֱܾİ壺ǲһɫأصظǴģǱߣôˡ
˵ţҶ滹˳ֽײϣ˵ǰҪǲãԺͲӡ
޷ֻõͷӦ£½ȻҲЦЦ˵ĩ磬ҶʲôԵĸӻ
С١ݺ˲裬ۿʱˣ׼
Ȼôǿǰ׼ãȴ˾Ϳղˡ
㣬ʲôѯˣС١С˳ʲôУҶҪһЩҲĿζΪ׼
Ҷ濴½Ȼ͹ܣ벻żҲа겻ˣǾԸɣ
˵ѯʣ䣬˾ܾתͷС١һɣЩС֣ˣС١绹û°𣿲ּӰɣ
С١ɵĻش𣺡Ҳ֪ѽʱ˵ˣϿܻһġ
֮ǰ˵תʽⶼ˻ûתǶͼӰ࣬°ʱҲ
Ҷ˵ţ״Щջ˵ɳĮԷûˣҿɲ˻Էû㣬С١ȥҾ߳磬ϽҺ
С١ԣһ£ܿʹӦ£תˡ
㣬ˤˡҶС١ıӰһ䣬뵽ʲô½Ȼ½Ȼа겻ˣҲ˽ڴٴ𣿡
½Ȼҡͷһ治ôСڳΪ𣿡
Ҳ֪ʱҲǲʱ䵽ң·Ҳͦ۵ģʰ˯ˣҲûϸ˵ҶЩε˵ǸƹҪǻһֱʵûҪȥ߻ѧУˡ
ȻҶҲ֪ͷ뻻ҲǼ׵飬СֻǸѧͽѧͽĸ٣Ҳѡ
ҶɲҪСһֱѧͽʵͲ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
½Ȼ룬棬𼱡ҹ˽һ
ҹҲǶĿʱ䳤һ㣬ĸҲҪѧͽġСҲʲôɹ⿿ҪҾ߳ʱ˺˵
Ҷһ¶ȣ𣿡
ȻҲûʲôѣģ齻Ҿͺã۸ҲԹ۵ġ
Ҷ¶Цѽ½ȻǾллˡ
ɨһɣҶĵ³ˣٸ½Ȼ͵ʲôأ


407 ˭

ʲô½Ȼ˵ţεҡͷСҲǣȻôãô˵˸Ųġ
ܶ鶼ϲҪС١֪ЩءҶһҲεı顣
ҶһҲϵж಻ʣʲôôİѱҪе鷳Ҫ鷳½ȻŻ½ȻӦ˵˰İ
һԹˣ棬ҿҽԺʲôʵλá
½Ȼԣ۾΢΢УܣҪɣ
ȿڵģȴҪʱһţɲô
ܿɲ֮ǰջʲôţ˽ߺϰߵˣо½ȻĿ⣬ƳһۣûһҪæ飬Ǹƾ¡
Ҷһ£ҡͷˣҽԺǾϸĻС׹ˣˡɲ鷳
кʵĸλġСҽԺôԼҶĻͶˡǴ⡣
ҲûҶԷû顣
ܻ˵ģûСˣϲڼҾ߳
ɲýǷ˵飬رǹܡС˵ſҶ棬ûκεĲãһ
С׶ô˵ˣܿһۣû˵
½Ȼһ£Сϴ׼߹ȥС˼䣬ߣС١Ҷ͡
㣬Ļģڰ·ġʵҶ濪ڵʱС١֪˼ˣǹԹš
Ҷƺ⣬ЦЦС١ȥ˶ʮǮʮƱС١һˣȥʲôƣƿ
㣬оءϰ׸ɡ
ȥûбҼǵҶġ
С١˿ܣҲû˵ʲôԹԵĽӹȥתܳȥˡ
ҶС١Ƶʱ򣬹֪ܲ뵽ʲôЩ񣬵ʱС١ѾˣֹҲˡ
棬ŻͶٵģӦöϢǣƻǱ𡭡
Ļû˵꣬ͱ½Ȼˡ
ȾƣȾư½Ȼ˵ſ˿뵽ղС١ܳȥȣôС١ȥˣ
ҶЦţⲻǾúþòˣòһԶٷǿȵ
Ⱦ⣬Ҳǿġ
һ仰ɹ˺Ļסˡ
С׶һ׷һ׼ʳģ׷ãҲԳˣһղˣһһζܿӳƮ˳
½Ȼ͹ֻҶ棬֪³Էһ˲ԼǲԣˣԼԷڣȻǲĵģҪҲҶһᡣ
겻˶Ҷ˼վ˵֮ǰ½ȻҶֻϲôھǺϲˡ
ܱҶģ֪ȥҶ棬ͱɳĮȥˡ
ڿˣ½ȻǹܣҶһᣬûʲô˵Ҳһ˵
ƽһЩ飬Ѷǿ˵¡
ʵҶ滹Щл½Ȼֵģ½ȻڣһԹܣٻǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôġ
ɵûоº͵Цµȣɡ
ҶʹԼֻϴ
ͷɳĮɿصķȥˡ
Ҳ֪īôˣӦû˰ɣ
ʱҶʹģīֻ˵û£ҲʣҶҲֻա
ע⵽Ҷһ£˭
Ǹ
ûʣܺܿѹͷĲʣﰲοԼûϵ˭ֵֻҪģһġ
ܿ죬Сװá
Ϊʳ㹻ҶҲûʲôҪһѡ
⡢ľϡļһϲ˵
廨СȥʳģȻŻصһ飬ҶԵģ֪½Ȼ͹ţҲˡ
С׵պܲ½Ȼһڣ
СЦһ¡
ҲͬյȷҶı֪ġ
û˺ȾƣС١Ļľƾôһԡ
棬һ㣬ɳĮûʲôԵġвزסۣˡ
ҪǱڣ⻰Ҫˡ
ʱ򣬶ϲظɣĻ˵ģҪѪڣȫķףΪһʵשߡ
ҪȻôŮҲ죬˴ʯͷ·װըŮҲڱֽϳ֡


408 о

Ҷ浹ҲҪŮ˲ˣЩϣŮ˵ȷǲ˵ģȷ汾⣬ŮֹͲһҪϸߵģΪ˿ںŶƴ;ħˡ
½ȻҲҶв˵ģ֪ϵĹһ˫Сһ˫ҶڸС١вˣһ˫ˣҹܺļƣÿ˶ҶһЩ
ȹܷ¹ʱ½Ȼǳ˳飬ֻܸԼˣΪҲ֪Ҷθڲ󣬵ԹܼеЩˣѾˡ
Ϊ֮ǰҶ治ڣС״С١ԺϽʡһĺòˣȴҲĿбӣֻԼǰĲˡ
һٷһСʱΪҶ治һסʶ½Ȼ͹Ҳżߣֺһ裬뿪
½ȻڣҲúҶ˵ʲôֻ֮ǰҶ棬ֹģǻһ̾
Ҷ棺
ֹ飬˵ҶˣС١ˡ
ĿŹܵıӰᣬ˻ѽǲǣ
С١֪Լ֮ǰˣ˹ܵľΣԹҲǺܸлģһһ룬Ϊԭýű뷨͹һԸġ
ο֮ǰܿýѹˣ뵽С١͸ӲԸˡ
ôãҪһرģرõģֲѹ˲С
СȻҲģûС١ֵôԣֻڹܺ½ȻߺСС١һߣ˲ֹ֪ʲô
ҶҲû⣬ԼطϢȥˡ
С١һֱͷԼ˵˺һᣬͻȻ̧ͷ֪ˣǡ
һ£С١ָѹ˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôܾòӦġ
֪ΪʲôС١ܾ鲻ģƺӦôʶҶ棬ƺӦúҶദȻҲ֪оġ
Ҷ治ڵоҲС١ΪʲôһֱûʧҶ治ڻûԭ
ͣ磬Ҳ˵Ҿ˵ĸо񡭡Ҳ֪Ҫô˵С١յץץԴ˼˵һôͽ飬ֻøõġ
ҶҪС١⻰һᾪ㵵ģֻڴϿ飬񿴿ռĶʶûע⵽
СҲΪС١⻰ͻȻס
ҶҶ󣬻飬֪ģɱС١ô˵СײŻȻҶͣҪһҲܿ졣
СȻܿܵܵʧ䣬ð죬밲οȴ˵ʲôֻεС١ļôˣ˯ɡ
ת۾Ϳ쵽ĩˡ
½ȻӦµ飬ͽˡ
ȥҾ߳µʱ¹Сף㺰Сʼ䣬ǻ½Ȼ߻мҾ߳ĸڣȻ½ȻСҲû˵̫࣬м͹ϵ˳
ԭתϵСҲˡ
ʲôʲô±䶯ҪʾģںֵֺĹʾΧ˿С׵֣ʶľӦתˣʶľ͸ʲôˡ
ǣСתôˡ
С׻ͺҶ˵飬Ҷ˼ǲҪ½ȻԶٷһ£ǷһЩ͵ģС١½Ȼȥ
ƻǿ飬һƿҹͷ⡣
һأÿû½ȻҪԼԻˣһܺõĶ
Ҷ汾½ȻϤȻУߵķȥ
½ȻҶɲͼͶȥС١Ҳ½Ȼܾ˵Ҷ˼󣬶˵¶ܵˡ
½ȻϵĶһ
ҶղţʶĺͼԼ°ȥӪݳԷ
˹ʣҶ洧ʵٿ飬Ǵ޵Цݡ
ȻǮҲǮȥһܾǮôܲˡ
˵ˣһ·Ц߹ȥҶ֪סĵط֮ǰյСԺĸһ֡
Ҷϲԣȴ︹̣ɺ
˹ӪݣҶͼ£Լ̨˼ˡ
˵Ҷ汾ڳҲСˣȻӪݷ˵ÿʳҲúõȥοҲûʳóԵĵ
׳ϡܲ⡢һݵгһǹӪݽ̺õĲˣҶ汾ģӪˣֻա
ȷʱҶȥ
ᣬͼ֪Ҷʲô
ôôģһͿˡЩֵ˵


409 װ

Ҷ湤ʸߣ֪ҶǴкһģһôԣô졣
֪˵ʲôҲͬԵġ
ҶЦû£Ҳ죬żһٻǿԵġ
԰ɣζҶѿӸˣкš
ҲΪʲôҶ治ڼ͵ԭ֮һˡ
ҶҲɵʲôԷʲô˲뵽ȥ֪
ѾԴˣҪ֪ڼԺúȺãѲ˶ʼʲô뷨пռڣȻǲЩģС١С׵İȫ⣬Ҳÿǡ
ţֿ˿ŷˣѾˣȻ˵ˣţȥŪʲôʱ򣬸Ҷϼš
ôõķˣȻû룬ӵ˿ʲôҲǿԵġ
һڣ˵˵ĵģҶҲİˡ
һ߳һģҶڣϼģҲ˼ȷҪСӪݳԷҲʶһ࿴ۡ
ȻҲҪôһҲǺѵģϾһµĹҲʮǮѡ
էһ⼸ˣͷԼеҲǲ֪ҶһµĹ˽һ룬ѹǸء
Ǹº͸¹Ҳǲһģеĸ¹ʱءգ˵Ҷ滹ųá
һٷԵЩζ飬ЩƵƵ
˳Ժ÷뿪Ӫݵʱ򣬼ŵײ˸ģüͷ˰죬ȻãȴҲû˵ʲôתʱİֲ塢ڴ
Ҷƺûע⵽һĻһ˵Ż
Ȼûģ˷Уѳʣгװȥ
ʣһأɲ˷ˡ
ߵһŷֿԻؼңҶʮ׺󣬽Ųͣһ£ת뿪ķСԺǷ档
֪ҶԣС١С׵Ըˣ׵ع࣬˳⣬˻Сѧģɹ
Էأܹ֪ҶҪͬ³Էڼңһߵġ
ǰŸûãҶžͻˡ
㣬ҽء
֪Ҷһ£֪ʲô𣿡
С١ҡͷ˹ҽҲû˵˵·
ǹܵԭС١ȴĽʲô˳·ԼģֲСﲻ֪
ҶԵͷҲû˵ʲôֻСո͸ܹϹȥ
ܹҶ쵽ҵʱӿռŪģһ߽أᣬһĻС١Լϲȥŵġ
ҶŹܹϣȵһ㶣ܿæӹżﺰ˴æ
ҶЦʵھ㵥ĶҲ׵ĺܣܹϸС˼ˣϸĺ࣬С١ҲҶǿģǾˡ
Ҷ˵һϵģһ£ǾùܹϣϹӦõʱڸʳҲ򵽵ģܹϾͲһˣԼʲôʱԶԣֻС١С״ԼҲûԹ
ȻС١ŹܹϷʵʱСҲһԿϡ档
ǹܹϣXIN¹ء
С١ȣǲѵǸXIN𣿡
ҶЩЦǲһXIN𣿣
ԣС١Щ˼ץץԴ˵㣬Ҽα˵ѣΪǱֻء
Ҷ֮ǰС١ֻ˴Ӱٻ¥ʱѣʱ룬XINǲǵѣ
ѣȻģǱߵĹϹܲأճ㣬¶ˣʺϹϹȺܲ
ҶڵռС١棬ԹԵͷǶҶľ壬Щ֪
С١ݵõҶЦһͷ
ܹϾɱһˬڣζۡ
С١СϲԣҶ䣬ʱʳȷٵĿҲС١Сûܹˡ
ȻǵһγԣС١С׳ԵĶ˹˹ĵģرóԣҲûѯϵûҪҶ뷨
֪Ҷ治ѹˣǶҪ˵Ѻһȥˡ
һܹгɲ٣˾ǰѹе쵽Ƥ˲ŰݣҶ治û˵óԵôɾֻ⻰൱˷ѣȻǲܵġ
ҶΪԣԳͣ£ʣµĵС١Сˡ
û취Ҷ˵ˣϿŲãҲûб䣬ԲҪˣһ⻰С١СײԸ˷ѣȻŬˣھˮҲ¡


410 û

ٴҶ˵䣬С١Ǻ棬ֻڱֽϿǺںڵƬҲʲôģ֪ڴźܶණỵ¶ȺͶһ
Ҷ治ûŪСãŵһˮʲôģ룬ˡ
пռ䣬ŶþͷŶãοóѿ϶ҪѲٵģνС׿϶Ҫˡ
ƽǹõӺͱһֶֻĹǲߵˣɲģҪ飬ѱᷢԾϾĿ볹סȽѡ
ҲҶûŪҵҪȻ治ýͣȻǺ漸ˡ
Գŵ˳ŶԺȦʳҶϴȥ
īһڵѾסˡ˱Ҷߣ˻˶õĿ졣
СΣҲ֪ɩӵҲһֱãϾɩӾƽǣŲһֱԪߴţڸī˵ҪƽȥʱС²֡
ѸīϳСߡ
ŽţͼԼôѣͷûӣǸ߸ߵβһصױˣſĵĴź˷ܵЦݡ
飬Ҫȥ
磬ôˣҲһȡ
С²ʣ㻹ûиңҪȥء
ôһ·Ĵôء
īҪǿһ·һϳҶ·ʽģӺ¶ơ
鱻ԼĿ⿴ЩڣʶҪԼձߵıӣֺŲԼûӣڨڨ£ңȥһ¡
ȥС½׷ʣͬ״һԼÿ̸ˣڸء
С¶ԼõȻʲôҿڵģֱʵǲ̸ˣ
æҡͷӰ֣ûУûУûС
ᴩһҪʲôȥС֣һ͸Էˡ
ңȥҴ㰡ᣬôͱײˡ
ң
СɻĿ⣬С촽䶯˼£˵ңȥдҴġ
˵ҾǰСôôòԾȥҲò簡Ҫ֪ǰȥѧУʱ򣬿ɲ⴩ôõġ
ңСϳȥʱ˵ˣͻģҲûʲô飬ôдȥ
ͻȻյĺɫСüͷ
飬˵ʵʲôҪȥңС¿õĿѾӡ
ңҡ鵽û׼綢ʣʱԴһƬհףð˵
Сôܻס
ȥдҸŰɣСҲû뵽ԼþȻ˼֪źɩһء
ԼôֱĴʶ̧ͷС񣬶ʱһ˶ɵסˡ
ң磬ҡȷŴдĹҹȥʵΪȥīģֻǣûгأͱס˵˼
ǸԼĲͬţίۿһӾͺˡ
С±õģֻεˣȥ·ɣ㲻ȥˡ
ҡ黹Ը⣬ڰĿڣ磬ܴܲҡ
ܣСûʹĻܾˡ
ʲôֻ֮Ҫ¹ظŵģû
Ѿˣϵĳ
ˣɵˡ
û˵īȥС¶һ£ڳŵĿУ˵飬Ӧ֪ǸѾδˣɩӵĸܺã㻹СڵҪúѧϰҪ롣
̧ͷһԼ磬ֵͷ˵ѾСˡ
СʵǰС۰ãһ̲סļģ⻹ǴأסˣúչûС
Ҫ˵òãҽ֪ʶĻ˶ûſһûгСôء
Ȼɩڣ˭Ŷġ
Сң鸵ǲ֪ģҪȻԺô˼ڸŸǰء
Ҫɩ֪층ţҳɩǰˡ
뵽СҲúۿ޵ģĵ飬ǴҪ㣬㻹̫СЩ㻹Զأźɩӵĸ飬ġ
ǿһ˼ģǱģҽʲô˼ˡ
οСȫ̶֪īҶĸʲôġ


411 ܳ

ûǲ˵СϻһĨͣҲˡ
飬ʲôҪϹ˼Ҳûôãģ粻ẦģŲФˡ
ΪòҪ룬СīõĻ˵ˣҲ˵ﲻãֻףܸźòãʲôġ
ЩȻԼ˵ģҲأ֪ɳֻϻģҲ̲סĴۿ£һΣڵϽʪ
顣СüСȻԽ˼Խ࣬һ㶼Сʱˡ
СҪ˵Ҫ԰Ҫ߳ģҪ֪֮ʱ򣬳̧ͷСһۣĨܻԼȥˡ
С¿ϵţһ룬˵Լˣܱñ˵ĺá
ϣ¼ҳԷ鲢ûгĸͳ¸⣬СҲûֻͣĸ׸㷹ѡ
鵽СԼô˵ŭü춼С£Ƕ㲻Ҳֻͷ˵
Сﲻֱ֪Ťã˵˾ͺãܲų벻ǡ
Щī֪֪Ҳȥġ
С׽°Щڰ·īʱһ¡
īһҲСףɨһۣͼǰߡ
СףȻ룬ĪľǾøīⷽ˳·ȥġ
ڸīȥʲôҲ֪ǳҶȥġ
СЩС١֪Ҫˡ
һǰһһ·ûκεĻ
գҶС١վ͸ʳꡢؼˣŰ˷ŵķˡ
Ҷ綼ſˡ
С١ƺۻӣҶڼϢС١ϣһҪҶȥҲûܾ
ҲС١ڣСЩطҶ治üȥļȥ
ʱ򣬶ĶˣС١ŶҶǼȥ
Ҳ֪һ˵ʱôЩġҶЩппһ⣬͵˶ģȻֵ̫ǮĴ߼ŰײˣڳԹӦʱҲһҪսʡԼš
С١Ц㣬ʱҲŸġ֪ףûýһ˳ġ
ֻǣ㣬ΪʲôҪѹӦһӾˣһҲԲôడ
ײ߲˾Ͳ˵ˣһҲģ죬Ųõġ
УûǰƱ˵Ҫϸȥ
С١֪ϸĹӦǿģÿ˶һȻϸӦһ㣬ҲǿӦ
Щϸﹻأ
ܳԣҲûкܶ࣬йӦˣҪȻ첻һйӦء
⻰С١Ҷĵڶƽǵȷһ¶û㹩Ӧ߲ҲٵĿͲˣڶˣپҲûá
ȥվϸҶС١һСһҲ;ŽҶԴʶʼۡ
ǮƱƺõ״ӣҶкС١ؼҡ
С١ȡ
㣬ðɣϸһӳأҪȻԺԣɲһСС١ֻ˵͸ԴҶϸˡ
ȻС١Ҳ֪˵ˣҶҲͬġ
С١ɻҶֻǺЦһԴ֮ҲǶġ
ʲôʱǳԴˣʳ飬һ취ģ㲻õġѹڰ꣬ϸʣһЩÿµĴˣ»ϸ˶ӣ
С١ҡͷ㣬Ҳ¶½Բ´
ҶԳĬһ£ʵ䵽زġ
ʱĴҲҲ˷ѣʱ˻룬ҶѹͲ⼸ϸ
ҪһϸĹӦͶ˺
ؼҰɣˡ
һҶô˵С١ҲͲ˵ˡ
żŰײˣýڵλԣʹڼҳԴˣʣһЩʳ
ֻǣС١֪ҶѾʼһŪʮĴ׳׸ˡ
ʵҶĵһóʮĴ׺ʮİˣῴС١ĵģһ£һһĺãʡǵĻûʳԡ
ȥ·ϣҶԶԶٻ¥ӣ뵽ƱԼҲвˣòƿһЩҲ÷ʦѣ㿪ڵС١㳶鲼Ѱɣ


412 

ȸһθС
ƱҲڵģҶú˵Ȼ湻ˣǾóȥˣȻôӴ
䣬С١Ҳæҡͷã㣬кܶ·ˡԼɡ
𣿡ҶЩȷҿ㡭
֪Ҫ˵ʲôС١͵㣬ǰϧ·
ڼﴩǰвٲ·Ȼ٣ϴĸɸɾġǾòţûҪ·ѡ
ڼҲɨɨأϴϴ룬ддֲ֣ʲôǰ·ð
㣬ҲҪģǵ·ˣˡ
ҶԣһͷҲ˵ʲôˡ
֪С١С׵ĽڼֻԼõģȴڼﴩģҶҲȥ
ҪûҲͰˣͲҶ;ûҪôʡš
ῴС١·ҶҲûǿ˵ǻǴӿռ﷭·ˣڲƱϰʱ磬ҪҪȥˡ
ʱ򣬲ƱҲǺܳ飬ҶûҪ͵˰Ǯˣ÷Źˡ
ʵС١СһҶѾǺܽʡˡ
㿴½Ȼ͹ܶǴӿռ䷭ģһǮԵҲռģһЩʳûеĶҲǿռƷ𿴳ԵĺãǺʡǮ
·ǲ˵ˣֹҶ棬С׺С١·ҲûǮǿռ﷭ģˮʳǲ˵ˡ
С١СֻҶΪǻѲ٣ԼһҪʡȴ֪ЩҶ˵Ƿڿռ﷭ҵѡ
ҶֳտһԼռ䣬ÿһζԼǸʱôƴĴ涫ҪȻڵܡ
صҶС١һĿʼĶˡ
;ҶС١ˮʱԼһˣٻһֻŴףһֻŰ档
С١Ķ̧ͷҶ棬˵ʲôҶڹ˹˵ĺˮǹԹԵİúá
㣬ʮǮ
Ҷ濴С١һ룬ǽǶѹƽǮͷţܰ
ʮǮҶ治ϣҲ֪Ǻܶһ˵ĹţС١ܴôǮɲס
ԣĵĸС١
ġ
ңҶ澪ȣʲô
С١С棺ѽ棬һ˲ǮˣЩá
СƨĶ˵Ǿ޿Ǯûһ㲻ᣬǹſЦݣһĻҶһů
Сƨû취˲ϲ
ɵϣǮţ㲻á
С١ҡͷ㣬ŰɣǮҲǽҵģһֱûһÿá
ʵС١ҲЩεģЩ軨׷˼ԼʵģǮȴǽĻٸģ׻ǽֵֵ顣
뵽С١̧Ǽᶨ˵㣬ԺһܶǮóԵģƯ·
ҶЦˣá
㣬ģҷģ״Ҷ治һС١żظš
ûвšҶЦţҲúóԷúѧϰԺҿɾָˡ
С١ԣ쿪ĵЦˣţ
С١ļ£ҶֻʮǮȻ㶯á
ʰĲˣС١ϴֻ·ҶӰͳƤϴŴ̵ֵĶʱЩס
ﻹܹأҶûԣǳС١ȥϴֻ·ĹԼӿռ﷭
㣬ǣ
Ƿ档Ҷ˵գԸС١ȥˮ
ҶܽʳʳĵҪֿˮҲˮС١С׺Ͷϰˡ
ʲô棿г氡
С١Ȼɻǵŵŵŵˮϴ˹
Ҷ涯зʱС١ִ˴һƤͷҶӡ
ʲôʱǹӦİɣ
ǽȥʱģӦ˹ϵģ
㣬Ϊʲôз氡е֡ǵһμأȻźģЩ֡
Ҷһ£һӲ֪Ҫôˡ
һˮҲл棬Ҷз棬ֱȽ϶˽УȽһЩҶΪϰˣǲ֡
ôζͦģһž֪ˡ
С١ŹԹԵͷʵһϽĹǲҲǺƤһɳɳĴ̰


413 С˼

Ҷ濴һ۷ƤƤɳɳģҲûС١˵Ĵ̰ɣС١һһۣҲ˵Ĵʲôˡ
ҿڹ԰յˮôģ԰ҲܹҪȻش
ⲻǴ̣ǡǷƤˡУҲǳϵģǡҶͻȻסˣҪôء
ƳղеĴҶѿβҶŪ£ʼռǷˡ
С١㵲ĿУҶĽͣǣеλֵġ
һЩ֦Ѿ֡һ룬ڽˮڴʪĻѿˣܿܳʱ򣬰͹а׸ߣһþһͽһιȻĸûþͻˡ
˵ʵⶫ治ýͣϾۼ˵ŻЩԺĸоҶ涼ӿռ﷭ҸС١ˡ
֣С١ˡ
ԡ
Ҷһۺּз档
һƬƬڵζҲƮˡ
С١ѾֽʰҶղŴгĶˡ
Ҷ淢С١ѷβԵǽǣڿĽˮʱһЦ
С١ɲȻֶ
涨ֶݣ²С
С١֪㣬Ҿԣ˵ˣҲûǾһû˹ܵġ
Ҷ⻰ЦָָС١СƨǻӣֲУҸ軨֣С١ҲǱû˼ֲ뷨ѷ浱ˡ
С١ǺǵЦһҲԼС˼
УͺúĻɣԸⶫҲ֪취ܻܲÿء
ʱҶ涼ãԼʹСӵļҳСѵʮΪʲôһˣҲ֪ʱ˵Сˣܶ˶ûٶС١Ҳġ
һ࣬ҶС١ֳˣһС׻ҲܳԵ
ΪС°ҪֻС١ˡ
ǳԹ棬С١ĨĨ죬ʱҲˣͿʼ
Ҷ治³ɲ԰㲻ôǵòףҲԴӿռ￴ЩΪѧ˶ľĲѽ
Ȼ˹ӦȻҪԺһˡ
칩Ӧǰ㣬Ҷ㣬һ㡣
׼ƬȻһЩˣҲỵζ
µĹӦ㵹ûӡϽƾʳһһͶˡ
һЩһ࣬ǺܴȴҲ㹻ˡ⻹ҶеĴͬ㣬Щ˵ûĸͷ
ϾʱҪ㣬㻹ÿУܴ㶼Ҫصȼģһ㶼ǰģŵֿ⣬ͱ֪ĹʳʲôƳʲôģһ˼ˡ
ż䵽ʳģۻԱûǮҲԼѣͰæغˣǮ壬˭ôȥġ
ڸʳ깩統ۻԱˣ˵ɣͰµĹһûؼˣɹˣԣҲܳԲʱ䡣
ĹӦɲǳеģȻʡ˱𴦵ǮϽˡ
ײа˿ţС١СһţҶ湩ӦҪ˶š
𿴰˿Ŵײ˲٣ǳҲͲˡ
ϹȻͷţҲǳ顣
Ҷ濴ųʳģܿ;ʣµĲ˵ȻС١ʰ
Ȼ³ϴǿԵģܲС١һæǡ
С١СףҶҲ̫ӵҪݫˣһײˣ㣬Ҳˡ
ġ
Ҷһ߳÷һߺС١
С١ʲôʱ
ǲǶˣС١ȳ԰ɣʲôʱʲôʱԼԾͺˡ
ûСҶҡͷһֱûôͣ˷ֳ÷
Ҿͷˡ
С١һϻһĨΡ
ҪǱҲͰˣС١ͷ⣬û취ˡ
ϴΪС׸ҶͷŹǺС١Ҷһͷ⣬룬Ҳѡ
ǹ죬С١˸Ҷ緹֪ûŪһͷļʧܣ˷˰ⲻ˵ѹŪˡ
Ҷ沢֪̫ܳʳöٵ⣬Ǵӡһ۾øòˣͻᲹһЩԼʲôͻҳСѡ


414 Ȼ

֪СĲС١һ١
ΪͷŹǺҲʣͷһȻС١˷һûˡ
˷ѣʧܵͷѹͲܳԣҰһµĹӦͷô˷ˣС׺ҶͷŹǻͷⶼˡ
С⼸Ҳңʳ겻ӦҲ򲻵ѾõϢʱҿоͶ򼸸
룬С١ε˵㣬ûͷˡ
û𣿡
ҶڵĻС١Ӳˡ
ңϴ˷һ
ҶֻС١ǰͷ˻ˣ˵ʲô˷Ѳ˷ѵģԾͳ԰ҽ˼ˣַţȥҿ
С١ǰһ£ûаԼô˷Ѹ˵ˡ
ɲ͵Եˡ
ʧܵͷС١С׻波ҪԵģʵջû취ԣ˻һԣĶӣҲҶ֪
Ҷ˵ȥңʵǴӿռŪģΪ˽С١С׺ͷôͷ࣬ص˴Сһóġ
ΪС١ҲϲԣҶһ˾Ÿ˻㹻˳߶ˡ
īСߵſڵʱ򣬾ԼҶںС١˵ųԵġ
СεģҶС١ҲӡתʽûãҪӰʱ򣬲ܾܾġ
īֺЦϲԵġ
ɳĮûίԼڲɳĮˣȻʲô;ĳˡ
뵽ɳĮ͵͵С飬īúЦ
һʼīòϰߣֻҪҶһۣ͹ԹȥˣȻĵĶԶС
īʹһԷʱҲûٳԶ٣󲻵һСʱҶָԣȻҲܳ£ιͶ£īҲѡ
ҲѹС²֪īܹˣ˸īûݣҶι
ҲΪҶιͶīŲιҶ治ѪΪʳȱȱӪɫãݡ
һԼŵĴӣīеЦݸ˼֡
Сǿ˿īȻԸƿš
ԺĵʹˣԺһСݣҶ̫ˣһ䣬С׾Ͷ߶װһˡ
ʵʱĵݲǽܵİ׳ƣݻǻƵģܱһĺòǡ
ԣԺƣһ
̫ȣ֧ڳſڲԶҲԺ
ƿҶС١뿴˹ȥ
磬ڻˡС١⻰ﲻ˷ܣˣ㶼һˡ
ҶЦÿ
䣬ͼС׺ˣɵһ¡
ī
棬飬ҡīµıڼҶ˲ˣü京Цá
īﻹҶϣʵҪȥ𣿡
ȥīҡͷ˵㡣
ŶīҶҲ֡
ԷûУûоһ԰ɡ
īûע⵽С١Ƿ񣬲ŲһСƨƽأҶкЦݸӿˡ
ûءӦգİŵ£ԼߵҶ¡
СڽźͰȥˣ֪ҶһīԷģϾ÷ˡ
ȻĶԻʾûв´
Ҷ濪ڵʱС١ȻԸǹԹԵĺһȻϴȥ
˿רõ룬С١ϴʱͺˣãǸƤֻÿõ룬Ǽõġ
С١øīƤ֮ǰīһֱҶǰסƽǵдȻҶ׼顣
ȻС١Ҳ֪īҶ棬ǲܸıøīƤ˵뷨
棬Ƿֿһء
īĻС١С˶Щȣ뿴īȻûʳĲɻ¶ޱȣĶһ𰡣
ţһˡҶӹС״ķʵôˣ
ֵīסˣû뵽Ҷ֪ü仮һĨãСµĿڷԽԽˡ
Ҷƺ֪īʲô漴˵Ҳ³ġ
īһûˬˣЦҺˡ
ҶҲûīȥҽԺټһ飬ǳˣԼԼ
˾УԷɡ
ī˲ˣָС١СҲ˳ּ˼ӣҶʾ⿪ԡ


415 

ҶѯʸīƵʱС١СһʶĿҶ棬Ҷɫܺãܹ˵ˣŷһЩ
ǳôͻأ
ȻҶ󣬺΢˵һЩ֪ɳĮΣգҲû뵽һ硣
㣬û°ɣС١ûסˡ
ҶƫͷȥС١еĵģ׹Цһ£û£ûˡ
֪Ҷ治С֪˵飬ô赭дʱ򣬸īüĻһ¡
īǼҶ漸ԵǻģʱŻѪɫҰ׵ģƺǰţֻһ룬īڶһһš
ī̾һ̫Ϊˡ
С١ûע⵽С׾ڶ棬Ȼûī˼仯ˡ
Ҷ˵ѣܹˣ
С׵ײǼСӣȻﵣǣһ֪Ҷ㲻Ը˵һǵĵģǱ˵Ļ
оС׵ߣֹīƮƮĿСһּۣԷ
û𣿡С١ĵ˵Ǿ𣿡
ǰ˶ˣ˿Ǻģܸо˶ôòźãǽû
С١뵽ģСȻҲ뵽ˣӸī֪ҶܹˣȻܹˣӦҲԳôõİɣ
Ҷ֪С١ܴЦЦ赭д˵ûʲôˣˡ
Ȼ˵īˡ
С١СĿ뿴īīɫĳŷ
ʲôˣ
Ҷ˵Ϊҵ²ΣգȹҼΡ
īԣ¿ӣºͣ棬Щͱ˵ˣЩ˵ʲô㲻Ƕ𣬿Էɡ
Ҷ濴һۣЩɶҪΣգҲ͸ī赭дҪˡ
ԷɣǶһ㡣Ҷ淢ֿʼԷ
С١СˣЩʳģȻĻʳҶˣҲ֪ҶûӣʶȻīÿһӲˣһģȴҲûбֳ
οīҶ漸Σƾ⣬īҪԣֻҪеС١ġ
ϣīû˵̫໰ļ仰Ҳ¶ҶϵǳС١С֪ҶһһЩ˶е顣
Ҳý׷ҶŵףҪȻ˸īƻ᲻ԣȻҶҲٳԣԼٴӿռԵҲԡ
һٷСʱͽˡ
С١СʰͳҶкīȲȥ
īԼĴӴ򿪣Ӱͳ
ЩǴɳĮ󣬸īһ˵绰ŪģŪЩҲ˲ٹ춫ˣȡ˶ʰƽ
棬Ǻͷӹġ
ǽ˳Ĺ𻨸⣬Ǻǲ֣ǵǴͳζ㣬ʮζ棬ԣϲζ͸ңԺЩ
̷ۣ龫һ㣬塣̷һ龫ޡ
Ҷ濴ްīҲģŻôѪ˵þܺõģѪãִãóԺõĻҪԺõĲС
ˮʲͷҸޣٸ򡣡˵ʲͷɳĮͳ˰ޣȻҶġ
īǼҶϲ֮ǰСȥ˰ٻ¥޴ġ
޵ģԪ޵İٻ¥ʣˡ
ˣ棬Ϻʸɣֻ滹еġҲ˺òŪģУĹġ
ɳĮͳԹμʳϺʸɣҲҶ氮ԣⲻŪʱ򣬵һʱ뵽ˣϺʲǼʳģҲûϵԸġ
īŪţɵģҶϲԼţһҲţһʱҲŪҲ˵ˣֻҪо͸šһﶼ١
Ҷ濴ŸīһһͶǳ˳飬ûҪЩôͲ˵һŪˡ
һۿռ䣬ҶˣܺãЩռﶼС
С١С׺ܿʰùīóĶС١룬ÿιöʱҪŽ㲻ŵġιҲǱ˼ġ
棬ЩȳţʲôԵģң취ŪīڲԼŪЩ˶ٵ绰˶ٹϵֻҪܸŪģжٹϵС


416 ˵ʲôʲô

ī⻰С١Сʱǲ˵ĺأ
ˣϴҲΪ˲īŻʲôĸġ
ôණ϶ǽʱ˵ء
û϶ҲˣһСˣֻǽ㲻ǵĶѡ
˵ţīĿһЩм֪㣨Ҷ㣩ܹˡ
ҪЩҶɳĮīԵĶֵ޼Ȼõĺͷһ࣬ҶĶɳĮҲ޼۵ġ
ɡҶ̧Ÿīһ£ʾСȻʵīס
īһĸղͶʱĿҶ棬˵֪棬Ԫģֱӹˣڶˣд϶סˡ
Ҷǳ˳飬ʱҲ֪ڻŵ㣬οдǵʮ㶼ŵġ
С١ûҶôúƣĴ˸ī뷨ڲŰ˵룬дء
ҶһЦˣīüͷ˳飬ûɨС١һۣ㲻Ӧ˯ȥ𣿡
磬Ҫͽ˵
֮⣬磬㲻Ҫﲻȥд
Ȼīȹ㼸ΣС١ɲζҪŸīͽš
ҶЦС١Դʵô
˯ɳĮദ˰꣬էһ뿪һûпҶ棬ī⼸˯Ĳá
ʱڿϣʵŲϷԺֵҶģ
ī䣬ҶʹӦ
ȵĲֹС١СףīҲ΢һ£ܿͻϲЦš
˵Ҷ治ԸĻ˵Լû֤ģȻīѾѡԵԼ֤Ҳǿסдˡ
棬ģ˯ĺܺãġ
סʲôдڵĵطźá
ҶЩ֪
С׺С١ĿУҶ濪ڣʱ仹磬С١С׵ķǴһŴȶԸһտٻ¥ûоŪһŻ˯
䣬סݵķ䣬һſԺķС١Сסš
øī˯ݣϴּˣֻС׺С١Ӵˣⷿӵķ䶼С
⻰īĿģС١СȴǸˡ
㣨Ҷ㣩˼˵ڼסֹһ
Ҷ˵꣬ź֪ķûѯС١С׵ǿˣʵС١СףôС
С׵ͷԣҶġ
С١ȵĿ˿Լһۣ룬Ҳͷ㣬ģҺ͸粻Ӱ층Ϣġ
ǿ˽㼸εķϣ˵ԼҲڼңƤܱûжŵĺáǽľء
֮ǰС١ҲйīģֻǽΣͱˣ˻Сס
С١Щףɼ粻͵ӣҲûʣҲû١
С١ǸóС׺͸īԣҶʰϴȥˡ
ϴҶ֪ǹЦݣǿīֺûá
һۿռеǮҶ氵⣬Ҳ֪īҪ٣ǻƽȷ٣ǲ֪ͷôġ
Ҳ֪жҪġ
ǧǰǧ
ҪȻһɣ
ī˼ÿһЩͺãֻǰŻһ
С١֮ǰѾҶԹˣкһԵʱҡҡͷȴһҶš
ֻǣҶʱ򣬲ûгԷ棬С١Ե
ҶϴʱС׶ϵĸī֣صллţҶ㡣
ûȥɳĮСҲ󲻵ΣգȻøī˵ĵطһΣգԣ֪һллᣬС׻ǿˡ
ԺʲôõõĵطţܿڣģһƴǣܵģƴҲɵġ⻰С˵ļ棬Լһ˿ԵζڣֻûоַĶѡ
С١Ҳˣīһ߾Ϲһ֣صĵлллҽ㡣
ûŸ˵ĻΪС١ҲģԼС㸵īòİīˣ˵ʱ򣬻òϣ㸵īòϣǻкأܻġ
īǳ˳飬ҶӦõģȥҪСӵлˡ
Լ飬ǵл
С١˵飬ǵ顣
֮⣬Ȼ˽㣬Ǿһġ


417 С֮ĶȾ֮

ī˿С١û˵СһֱҶãûʲô˼ҲûѪԵϵСӡ
ʲţϼľ壬ī˯Ĵôˡ
СҪС١˯Ĵģɸīãһˣʱʲôĵطû˯ҶҪСӵĴ
īԸ⣬С׺С١Ҳֻա
죬ŲϯУҶһëͷȻЩС١īͽȥġ
Ҷ沢֪С١Ϊû̫͸īӴֻǶøīʲôҪȻͻطˡ
ԴĸīС١űͷﲻ֪˼īúС١ƽϣסһˣܷס
С١Ҷ׼˯£ڴϣһĶŸīڣ磬ҽ˯ǳҪϰģ۵ԣҹСһЩҲҪ˵λ
īֻɨС١һۣҺɳĮ˰꣬綼Ҫ֪ϰߡҺĹϵ⣬㲻˽⡣
֮⣬ұǻ˽ǻ
С١ԱˣŸīЩŭæĿԼ硣
С֪ī˵ʵҲû˵ʲôֻͷˣϽ˯ҪҶ緹ءϻһЩѷãʲôʰãһ
С١һʱǰڹЩʲô˯ͽȥϰࡣ
īɲʲô뷨µ÷ڴͷű£ϸϸţƺҶǱߵĺ
ãֺˣ
һī˯ļΪͺɳĮʱһ֪Ҷڸͺܺˡ
Ҷ΢һ˵ķ䣬δʲôԸģŷ˯£ʵҲеڵˣȻҪµˣС׺С١ôɫء
ڶһҶҪȥϰࡣ
緹Сģһϰʱ䶼ҪһЩȻ°ʱҲ
ϹС࣬ɫͷСˡ
ɫͷҶ֮ǰһᣬС׾ͼϵģõĲˡܲģȻǼ򵥵ͷģÿɫҲǰһʳҲź
СףֻɣҲǿҪԼ˵⻰ˡ
Ҷ޵СЩ˼ЦЦӦҲѣϲ˺ͺܲһѡ
ҶЦǻǺҾͲЩͻˡ
˵ֻҪ˵ģʳĵλѷһ˵Сܰѷĺܲǵһγԡ
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С١ɰĽӻǽͳԾͿ˰
ҶЦŹ˹ıӣǵҲöһ㡣
īϵɫͷĵĻͷҲŪЩ񻹻Ļš
룬ī⣬ӣʱʱ򣬵ǿҫһʳõͷˡ
˯ô
⻰Ҷʵĸī
īЦд̫ˡ
ҶЩųʺͼľĴͻдϹ˵ҲҺһɣҪô˵ҶҲ÷ˡ
ٳϰǰҶǧǮݸīЩٸ㡣
ûǮϣֻһӸ̫࣬ƺЩãǷĺãȻôԳѻƽȥǮˡ
īһ£˹˵ˣ棬һһЩءĽҲ٣Ҳǹġ
Ǯ¡Ҷ˵֮ǰ˵˵ġȥϰ࣬Ǯϻ㡣
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С١Ҷϰȥˣīݴ˱ʼǱϴʰС״кҲȥ
С١᲻Ǯī֣
ҡҡͷС١ô϶нĵ
ҶЦˣ˵ΪɳĮһЩ飬ҺԼ˵ģǮҲԼãǼĸΪ˲жܼڲDUIˡ
С١յͷĵƣ˱ˣŲôء
һǮɲ١
Ҷ˵ǮʵǸīģ֮ǰѡ
С١ԣ˵ѹָīʡҲסдǵĽǮ˰ɣ
ǴأʲôСţŶС֮ĶȾ֮ߣ
ǰʾֵĸī֪Ҷڵļ仰С١ô֪ҲϵģīһֱԼҶӡ


418 ôҹ

īʾʱҶǮԼİ˰ٶǮѾûˡ
ҲûиеĶǮ֪رƶģʧȥĸ໴ģ׬ȡʲô֣·ɻ׵ļͥ
һʮһʮ壬ôǧ˰ٶҲûˡ
īûټǮټģҲøϼ°С
صҶʱ򣬾С١һڡ
С١дҵīԼŪоӳϰϴɾŰѰȥʼܳĴ
ӳīͰѲϯͷϡ
оǸī˼λںڱϲŻʮǮԳġ
ٻ¥оҪҵȯ˵ûʮ˿Ǯīһ¾ò㣬ǮŸҶԵģֻҪ˯ĶѣоҲ߳¡
С١ǵҶ˵Ҫֵķཽˮͷͷͣ±ʣææһˮȥˣŷ棬ȻβҶˡ
ܳīڰѼҪĵطţƼС١ľٶʵ
С١ڿֵʱ򣬸īҲˣСŲżеᣬضβľٶеɵ
С١̧ͷشҽ˵ˣⶫͺָһõĶβֵģֻҪˮڿ죬ȻǸɿݣ᳤ġ
һҶ˵ģīͷ˵Ļһ򲻻ƭˣú֣ɱһ½ˮ̫࣬ˡ
ȻīûмôֲģС١˵͸һˡ
Ĳ˵ҲֹģȻǴ°Ĺŵġ
֪С١ûĺߵֲɵ
ɴûƭòá
ĻīЦЦЦ÷
ôһᣬīѾѼûõĵãЩҲá
īڶ˵ʰС١룬߹ȥʵҪҰæ𣿡
Ҫī˵ЩҲʲôдҵȥɡһˣɵҪһСƨæҪҪˡ
īҪԼæС١ҲֻܻݼĬдġ
˵ˣҪѧϰУⲻȻûпѧС١ѾʼԤϰѧڵĿ
黹ҶģϴС١꼶òˡ
ҶĶС١͸ī˵ʱһ¡
ĶĹԱ˵أû뵽ǸīС١ˡ
ôˣǲʲô飿
ҶһӦǾóʲôˡ
ûСС١ЦӯӯİķеݸҶ棬ЦǾǸ緹ġ
緹
Ҷ濴С١ķУֿ˿ˣӹôҲû뵽Ϊ˸һ緹
Ҫ֪һһأʱɲ̣滹죬˵ϰСʱˣҶ⿴һۣȵûš
С١ϵĺٿīͷϸҶЩĿڣʵһ˵ģڸʳóԾͺˡ
ҶЩҲȷû׼ȥĻֵʳԷ׼ӿռõ㶫ˡ
ȻҲ֪϶Ǹī⣬ϾС١ϰʱ򣬿û顣
īЦ㲻ǲϲԴ𣿣
ᶼˣڰ칫ңɼʳԸȥԷˣȻĶˡ
Ҷ棺Ҳôǿѽ
ڣ緹͸һЩ
С١ҲЦ˵㣬ͳ԰ɣǸصظء
⣬ģ׷
С١ЦĿģҶ滹ЩȣǼǵãϵʱС١Ըī״̬š
Ҳ֪īʲôôС١Ҫ֪С١ɲء
оҶɻ󣬸īЦŶ˸ɫǵ顣
ҶߣȴЦʲôÇNɪġ
ǳԹˣ
šīЦͷͳöüǲزסᡣ
㣬Һ͸綼Թˡ
ʵС١֮ԶԸīûôΪղſ쵽ʱ׼īǶ˵׼׸дףҲаϸ棬īȴ·𿴲һɸڳſѡ
ٶȻЩӲȴĺ档
Ҷ˵˳ϸɹĳԵģΪС١ڼңīѡԴ
ΪʲôԴףС١ûסһ䡣
īȻ˵ⲻд緹һ㣬ٳԺõİɡ
ҪϸҲУһһɣҳԡҲ֪ҶͦС١ģˡ


419

С١ҡͷҲԴ
䣬֪ľȵʵҪͷ𣿡
ԣҪǲţҿԼȥڼҲû£ȻҪͷȥˡ
С١æĿڣȥҵȻҪȥˡ
īһۣǾͿһ㣬ʰժˣһǳ˷ţԹˡ
뷨С١ıϣīڳһҲС١һĹĿ࿴Ҷ׼ľµķˣС١⡣
Ҷķ׼õʱ˼򵥵ķҲˡ
֮£Ҷ淹ﾫµķ˸ζҲˣ״Ǹоһ࣬һ̳ˣӵ⣬¾ͰѷԺˡ
⳴˻ǸҶ۴ĲģĴ̴̵ģͣһ֪ܺóԡ
С١ԵĲҲ΢һЩģһЩǺҶһģǸīԵĲǱȽϴϵĲ֡
īС١Բأ֪СӻȻҲʳ
Ҫ֪ͷСӲ첻ǹ£˵СˣǴҲǵģϷһݺóԵķˣС١ĿбӵĳøīЩĿ࿴
֮ǰҶôС١Сӳ軵ģڿ鵹ǲõˡ
С١ƺоī뷨׺˵ֲСŲųϸأŪЩϸɲףڼʲôҲɣдԱͺܺˣġ
ָָϵĲ˷С١˵Щ˭ôԡ
֮⣬˭緹ܳ⣬ԳŨ
С١˵ţּ˸ˣ˵֮ǰ˶ҷſ˳ԣһʳǳҰͷ
ȥ껹ϸأûʲôίģԻԲء
ԣīЦˣ˽ܺá
ȷʱ򣬾Ǽﲻ˼ң緹ҲǶԸųԡ
ͷǸͷʲôܼ׵ϡǳе顣
ͷ͸ͷðϸ಻٣緹ﶥסҲֻڹɴģŻչöһ㡣
ī֪ЩҲܼ򵥡
С١˸īһۣԷİɼǵȻģҿǽС١ֲǰǡ
˵ףѡ
īѾǵһμС١ˣȻ֪Ҷˣˮ֪ڳԺϣҶǽС١С׵ģ˵ܶҶ涼ԣ˳Եġ
ī֮ԾҶ治óԶС׺С١ԣΪ죬˽ɳĮ֮ǰС١Ҷ죬ҶҪô³һ㣬Ҫôɴҡͷԡ
Ҷ˽⣬ɳĮǻģԣֻ᲻óԣС١С׳Եġ
ҶҪ֪īԲһЦá
ҪôԹĶˣҪôǲԣҲʱʱ̶̿ҪŶĺòáһ鵰һٴһţţ滹᲻Ķ
ΪҶͷϣīС١˹ͬʶһ·īȻô໰ҲС١˵һҶɳĮ顣
С١ͶҶǹģڸī͸¶£ȻǶԸī׽˼֡
ʵС١ҲɵīȻƤе񣬿˺ܶණӰУвϸīҲԸԴ½Ȼ͹ܣ˾ʹ֪Ϊ˵˳ϸҲƴǵģԵ㡣
½Ȼ͹ܻ֪ԼС١ôһҪ̲סԩˣȻԵĺóԵķˣԼҲ˶ģҶԷҲûС
οҶ˵ԴҶһԴɣ
˶ԼһˣҲ٣ȻûҪһҪʡųԴˣҶǰһֱųԴҪҶ棬ԼûǻôϷ
ȥԷɡīЦŴߵ
Ҷ״ֻõͷһ£ʵҪϢһῴ飬ֱӻȥ
ǾЪһῴɣһԺ÷ѷǴȥͺˡ
īȻһġϲҶĵطĵطҪˣҲ֪ûв۵۸
ղĶĹԱæҶʱĶĹԱûɵĿһֱͺīʲôƻһøīЩˡ
ڹԱľ踵īģʾ۵Ҷ棬Ҳôҵġ
÷ϻҪ뷨īԼ֤˳ǹԱŲٻƻƵˬİæҶȥ


420 ƻб

ī֪ҪһĽһҶ棬Ҳû˵ǹ»˽£ԱҶϵͦõģȻҪˡ
˭֪ʲôˣһ˵ˡ
ʵҲΪԱһЩ֮ⲻھƵ˻ҶתżߴʲôģȻīЩͬ־һΪȵģԱҲͻЩͬ־һ˼
ż˵Ȼ뽻ѣ̸󣩵ż
ҶһԱ˵ģԼҲʶЩˣ㿴Ͱż˺ˡ
ԱһʱҶһҲΪԼúñܶĽ԰ǲЩݺݺ࣬Ժã򵥡
ɹԱ֪ҶǾԼ⣬һż߿ˣ˾ʲô뷨˱˵Ȧ׾Ͳˡ
ҶȻҪһɻȻĪĵŹԱż˺ĺѽ
ùԱ֤ˣܽԱЩˣûսѡ
Ҷ˺żʱĶĶﲻûлżҪǰڨˣûüжͱҶһٶɹסˡ
棬ҶżˣҲ֪ʲôʱҶ汻Ϊͼݵĸ֮
īߣС١ȻҲˣҲ˵Ҫ顣
С١ѹͲ֪ղһʹ˸ī֤ùԱæҶһĻ
Ҷŷлذ칫ҳԷȥˣǵһγԸīķˣò˵īջǲģҶҲ֪ĳԳԹ˷ķˡ
īС١ҶͷһĻĶ˿Ÿīһ˲ŵģּҶ˵ŻЩ˶ҶΪʲô֮ǰǵſԸ⿴ˡ
жء
ȻҲû˵ҶжȴǱҪ׷˼ˣڿīǲŭģ˼ʱʣ޼
֮ǰǲ֪ҶĶʲôģһǵģȻٶˣʲô˼Ҳ±ˡ
ҶѷϴɾĶ˵ʱŷ֣īһɢĵĿţС١ǹԹҶ֮ǰ˵Ŀš
һҶīͰˡ
棬Ժ˰ζô
Ҷ棺ͦõģҶԹˡ
䣬īĵ۾ŷӦĻƺЩףЩҫ˼
ڵƿĿ⣬ҶһС١Դſڡ
Ūôˣʵĸī˼Ǯ顣
īҶŪˣ棬㲻õˡ
ҶԵͷС١̧ͷ˼һ£ʵҪҪȥԱ
ǵͼби̵ģбˮĶ
ͼȻиߵȣȣҲ쵽ȥҶԼΪϵڵԭûʲôӰ졣
ֻǸīС١һ·߹ģʮˣͷðŵĺ
˴ͷȺģҶ룬ǴȥȸˮԸˡ
ãīЦ͡
⻰Ҷ治÷С١ѯʡ
С١ԥһ£ʣ㣬㲻ϰ𣿡
û£Һͬ˵һͺã˵ˣ͵ֶ棬ҲԶ
С١һҲͲˣЦŵͷ飬ְѸīͷһԵɢ𣬷Żȥ
Ҷ͹Ա˵һԼ͸īС١Ķ
ϻͼҲǷȥ˹һˣҪȻҶԷʱӦû˵ġ
кҶ˾ֶȥˡ
״ǶԸī磬Ҳô˽⣬ЦЦܿ˵飬òƸղһֻǺ档
ֻǼڽĶǰ粻ע⣬ȻĲתͷɿĿһһС뿪ķ
֪һƳҶ桢С١һ·ĸīˣ͵ػͷ絶ֱĳȥס©һġ
Ȼܿͻعװʲôûע⵽һĻͷĶǺʾľš
˺ܲ򵥰Ҷ̶ȣ˵ĹϵӦòһ㡣
ղҶ沢û̫ĽܸīʶҲ֪ݣֱֻľøī򵥶ѡ
뵽ԼĿģԵսƻҪıˡ
һ۵׻һĨҶ棬ʵɣͦģǡˣ㱾֮ǰӦڻϵġ
˵Ҷߵ˶ʲôһ˰һGӳһҽͨҽҲ͸ˡ


421

Ǯ㣬Сų̿죬ȹȥŶӣѩ⣬ƿˮ
·īǮС١ȥѩˮǺҶߡ
棬Ǹͬ²򵥣ɵ÷ŵ㡣ղڴкʱ򣬸īԵһμļ裬ʶĸо
¼ЦºͿ׽ҲøīаɣղײߣĿڵ;㵡
û뵽īС١ȥҪ˵С١֮ǰ˵īҲ˵
Ҷһ£νֻҪҾͺˡ
Ȼ֪򵥣һʼʱҶʹӼϲ˱ϢѲֹһ
ȻҶԼҲʲôƲ磬˵С׶侲Ĵ˵ˣֻ˵Ҿˮˮల¡
īЩĵĿ˿Ҷ棬˵ʲôȴֻ˵棬ģڡ
ҶһЦ׸īղŵֹ˵¼ǳ
̲ס﷭˸ۣʵԩ
ƳԼ¶ռʯִҶȻֶ̣
аɣⶫҶϷŮأҲȡ£ԣΪŮӵҶҲֻղˣܲܵ˺ôȴܻ˶԰ɡ
īҶûС١ã˽̵ʱС١һĺ͵Ա˵Ҫѩ⡣
һǮּΪ򵥵Ĳ˸ıҲ˵һֱ
ɫзɫɫɫ̰ɫɫıҪһЩζҲһֺãҪǮһ
ѩҪһЩˣҲּֽ֣ƤͲģҲвŹģдһɿģҲдһ㻨ġ
ЩǮһ
С١Ҳǲ֪ӦøҶʲôģžסȻҲ֪ղŸīлҪҶ˵ŹԹԵǮǰġ
øīҶˣС١ͰǮظīҲ֪Щýˣǿˡ
ʲôҶʡ
С١ҳԸͺˡ
ҶڱɨһۣĭӣŻҰ׵޲
ѩɣѩóһ㡣Ҷ˾֪С١ǲѩ⣬ҪʡǮѡ
īһԵͷ˵棬ʲôҲʲô
Ҷʵôѩ⣬ΪڸīǰóͼȥԷĹԼĳ˼ѩǴŻһģżζرá
Թ˺óԵıѩҶٴȻûȤˡ
ֻǣҪԵģǣҶѡһ£С١Ǵɿѩ⣬īǴģ˸Ͳѩ⡣
ѩɱȱҪ󣬻ǹһְ֣ѩһҪ˷Ǯ
ī˿Լѩ⣬ҪģһҶԸģȻĲһŻȥҲ᲻á
ˮƿζģīǮ˾ͳ˴̵ꡣ
ѩߣ̶̵һ·ߣƵģɢһ
ͳѩĸīС١ͬҶֻѩѡ
棬ôԣǲϲζ𣿡ʰգī׼תͷȥҶζ
ǣ緹̫ˣԲѩѡ
īѩѾһˣû취īԶɲĥĥ䣬һѩҲû󣬼ȥȻһˡ
ţҲ㣬ˡҶѩī
⡭
Ҷ֣԰ɣһѩ⻯ˣŪһͲˡ
īʵҲΪΪҶԣһģԣת־ͰѩݸС١
ֻǣС١ڣҶʹˡ
УС١Сӣ̫ܳġԡֶô죬ȻȣҲ˼ɵ̰
С١һҶ⻰ͿĵЦˡ
㻹ҵģ
ʵҶûпֹС١ҲҪܾģһ͹ˣˮأɲ̰ġ
īҶѩС١ЩúҶĶһڿС١ѩأҶ⻰īסˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷ治ģɸīĪľԼͰˡ
ȻҶ浱Ͱǲġ
ī֪Ҷ׽ԵʣɳĮദ˰꣬ﲻ֪Ҷӣ˵ǰҲദһʱġ
ΪϤˣҶŻһҲ롣
ֻǼС١ЦĿģǇNɪЦݣôôðۡ
īûƳһۣһҲû˵ʲôֻԴίĿҶ棬ƺ˵棬ҲҲֶӵġ


422 һ

Ҷһ飬Щ²۸īһ䣬أôˣҪҪ
ֻתһ룬źãȷҲ̰ǰѩ˻˵Ҳôˣǵһ£ȥһһûȥƳǳԡ
䣬һ룬ùѩ»صī
ֻīܿ˺ֽƤҧһڣºҶĲ£ڣƾʲôǳԣҵġ
Ҷ棺ղŲ˵ĳԲô𣿣
С١ҲͷͣǡŲҪǸʲôͬ־أлۡ
С١ѩ⻹ͣҶεĿ˿ˣ䵽īϣҲԶˡ
īЦҾҵģǶҩҲǺõġĶŲҪء
⻰ҶЩС١ǱǺĿԼܵ·ӱ߿ĵĵ˸īһۣ˵մˡ
ʲô£ƫҪҺ˵ģīɨС١һۣ˼Ҳڵġ
Ҷ治Цˡ
ϰʱ䣬ҶҲһֱ͸īС١ͷƣǳԹѩ⣬īС١Ҷͼݣ뿪
С١֮ǰصҶʲôõĴ𰸺󣬺Ͳź͸ī뿪
Ҷذ칫ҵʱ򣬼״Ŀ˸ЦȻҲͲ˵һȻ̫֣;Щˡ
һתȥˡ
īҶȻޱȡ
һԹ緹ҶСϰȥīС١ڼ޲緹˸Ҷͣ컹صȥһˣµũֵһЩ
Ҷ°ŵŨļʱЩȡ
ļ
С׻û°࣬⼦˵϶ǸīŪġ
С١һЦŸҶ浹ˮһ˵Һ͸ȥġ
㣬Ŷϻء
С١Ц۾ģֹȣҶûסִ˴գЦɱϳԡ
иīڣҶҲ޼ɵöˮܹϳˣ°˵ӻģתһ룬Ҳ֪īûȥٻ¥͹磬һҲ˵
ȻƵ˽ҹϵŪģΪٵ鷳Ҷ滹ˡ
ԼȻ㣬С١СҪԵеˡû뵽īŪϻ
͸ʳ겻ûһƤ˵ҲжʮʮһǮһ˵Ҳ߿Ǯ
Ȼˬ΢һһҲеģʳ͹Ҳޣ򲻵˶ȥˡ
ȥ·ϵĳҲ˾ò㣬ʶʵǼԣҪˣҪȻ˭Ҳʮʮȥϡ
īڳҶЦĿģҲſģüǲ֪ᡣ
㣬峴ײ˺һ̳
ˣȻС׻ʱѾˡ
СϴŷϵķˣȴЩ˲ԴīԺĲҶ
ľͰҲţС١˵īԺҶ㶤ѼܳŪǧŪӣϼ軨
СЩգԼôû뵽ҶŪѼܣǧء
֪ī뷨ÿҶ濴˱飬鱾ķǼ򵥵ǧϼͼ
ȣӦûǧϳġƺҶǧϽżһһҡǧͷǴ伸ѡ
뵽ī۾⡣
飬ҲڼС١֪ѣī׼Ҷһϲ
һϡ
ʱϿûʲô֮˵̵ƤĹ⣬ҧһڣɳɳģûзűﶳҲܺóԡ
ҶϲƬե֭Ҳܺúȡ
Ҷϲī䣬Ȼˣϲġ
С׿ڣҶϲ֭⻹аأҸҶŪ֭Ȱɡ
Ҷæֹãô԰ɣˣҲȲ¡ˣûб䣬ϣŬС
һʮǸīװ˿ģȻгתҲס
һ죬һ߳ϣȻҶû̫֪࣬ҲˣøīСסС١Ͻԣԡ
ҶƵģøīЦ
棬㣬̫ɰˡ
Ȼܿ죬īֹסЦҶҲջ˵ߡ
ӣҾҪˡҺСɰ٣첹ϰ


423 Сĸī

ӵģʱҲǼҼһеģȸҸһѡ
һȻȵʱȷ磬ֻ̨ܸ׵ϵʵõĺܡ
С١ɵȣһһµĸҶҡţΪȥó档
ʵҶΪбϵڣбó涣ҧţС١ⶮµģôôϲҲʲôҶҲˡ
ƳһƺЩƵĸīҶεҡͷôСһΪС١ȷ磬ȻЩˡ
Ҷ֪īƵǣӦģС١СӷǺ
һˣҲúС١ȣֻԼˡ
ŵ࣬Ҷ׼ϴȥˡ
ÿÿʱСײϴ·ǸС١֣˸ī˾ͺ͸īһ𣬼Ժ
ȻԻȻ˯ī֪ôģܾΪ˿סʲôƵġ
ī֪С׺С١ķҲ˵ʲôģֻ߷ߵҿɲˣοҺɲܶġ
ϴʱҶ濴һ£ϴּϴԡƷˣװƿװϴˮԡ¶ͻغǫ́ϡ
Ǹõģһһ飬е㲻ֲȱ
ʱһҪһŹҵȯϴϴͷãһôҲҪһ⻹ʡõġ
һҪǼˣĵĿˣȻһ࣬ҲõģʮСӲҲġ
ҵȯǰչʵıģʱʱ෢һţʱٷһš
ܶණҪҵȯԾһŹҵȯһ飬Ҳ˶ÿһġ
ҲߣһЩԱʱͱסƱȯϴ·ƱҲ˶ԭˡ
ҶСûƱȯ֮ǰҪС׷Ʊ߸˵ûҶ棬Ҷ涼û顣
Ҷ治ɵһ£ǰֻԴǹķˡ
˵һ˼ңˣɱһֻСĸҲһ⡣
ƽɱ⻹ǿ˲еĴﺢӶ˼ˡ
˾ʮСҲһ¾Ǽȥһ룬ӱĿ
ǻСòų⣬ͳԲ˰ɣˣԵĻ᲻ˣԺлء
ɺӲⰡһһֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿţҲУ˼
һһֻצһһԴдʣͷĳԴˣоеӰĶаԻԼצԺܵÿ죬ԼTOUʲôͷ
СһЩûãǳԲҲʲôֵˡ
Ժһ˼ʸߣҵȯҲ˶࣬˭Ҳỳ
ⶼģô᲻üͷ
ʵҶҲС׺С١ԡ¶ģΪ⣬רŷװʿԡ¶ϴּƺòߣһֱûôãҶҲͲ˵ˣ˸īˡ
ν֪ͨ磬Сġ
ȻĹȺھŶûھҲҲû취ھĹȺ˵Ҳһܺõı
ԺȥҲ١
Ҷ滹ǵãϷڵõĹȺ˴ĹȺ⣬;ϱʱŵļ
ԭĬĬػĹȫĹ˼ػĹҲǻôˡ
ٴվ뿪ʱС򵼻˽Ҷ˵һỰ
īʱҶպС˵ֻǺС˵յ顣
С򵼺Ҷ˵飬û֪
򵼺ҲʹԼϱСֻЦЦʲôҲû˵
νҲܴֻСΧ֪оϻһʡ
СʱҶϰأǵļīѴǧĲþ߶룬׼
С١ֵȥš
С¶С١ЦЦкһīԺУ˸߲ҵ֣ţҸɩͼνˡ
ȻĹȺھ򣬿֮ǰҲȵŪһЩЩоֵҲƣŽһж˶мνӵСµ˸ǻ˽
īֻ΢ͣĶС³˱˸ʲôҲּæŶ¡
īƽСЩɵۡ
Ǽνأôźûӡ
ţǼνǽɳĮĳɹļν¸īûС˵һ顣


424 ùĻԼ

֪ղ˵ĺ֮⣬û
īɨСһۣڣôģ
СµͷЦǺǵţϽӵϢȥȡν󣬾ͣˡ
ŶīӦһ䣬ȻûˣԼνʶʡ
С£ãӣǸûǸŶȤ
Ҳǣջļνսô࣬ļνȻøʲôˡ
תһԵС١СЦʵС١ͬ־ɩأûڼ𣿡
С١ǳ˳飬˵Ҳ֪ɩﰡôԼɩӣҼˡ
ǲ֪С½еɩ˭С١ǲСµȻĳƺ
Сһ£ᣬôͲ֪ҲŲ㲻֪ء
Ȼô룬С¿ɲô˵εĿڣɩӾ㰡ǸŵĶҪɩӵġ
ҽûдӦС١Щˡ˺͸һƤȻһġ
ĶһһѵģС١ī˵Ȼǲˡ
ðɣðɣС١ͬ־ʣҶûڼ𣿡СЩһҲúС١ƽϡ
ؼǣǸŵСӰҪɩӵĴأҪС١ɩӸ״ˣɩһˣǲڵľǸţűɩˣôС֪Լ϶ҪԿͷġ
ƵģСףŪãͷùĿԼȻǲܺС١ƽˡ
ԹŰСӶԽȷһʼӲǱӣ۾۾ġ
ûɩҲڿôɩӲڸҲûϢǱء
īƫͷС١һۣȻû˵ʲôȴС١ĪЩڡ
С١ȻЩԸһҶ˵ĶҪòֻĻش𣺡ҽϰȥˣҪŻ𣿡
Сµͷҡͷ飬Ҳʲô̫Ҫ飬¹ؼν
ŶģɩӶżνӦҲ̫ǡôһ룬С¼˵ҲżɩҶ°˵ˡ
С١ղžС˷ܵĻˣȻŪС¸ղô˷ܣνӦͦõģҲΪҶеˣһôνôҪأ
ȻСǰﲻС١ҲúƽϣȥӳָСµ˱ˮԼæȥˡ
С²ûӹˮС١лͷϣȻժ¿ϣյīǰ
ţҪæʲôأ˵СҲǵһμīľ
ǰæǴѵоսҪôսûпеʱ䡣
ǧܡ
ǧСһ㶣ܿ췴ӦǸɩŪĿ
ٿڣīͲʹ
ãҴ֣ȡǧܴһ뵽Ҷ°ǧܻῪģīǾһĨǳǳĻ
ϡīڣСвӣοΪͼνһܼν˻û°أõȵȡ
С١Ժæˣ̾һãֶһ˳Էˡ
Ժʵ󣬲Ϊﲻ࣬ǧǴڽѣӰ죬Ըīžֵġ
˸īһˣȻʱҲһЩʳǲףҶɳԲߣҲͶʮ
Ȼ׸īҲûҶԣ׺涼С١ڼҳԵġ
°·ϣҶ棬óʮȴ·˵۵Ļ󣬵ǰóĴ״Ӽƻʮʮ
ÿ춼Լϣϣһλ⳴һҲ߰˸
ⶫҶռﲻȱľͻʮĸһˡ
С͸īæأͻȻС١ܳȥɲ졣
ţСȥ
īһֱϻϽŪɩӿˡ
ȥģǿʱ䣬֪ҶˣС١ȥˡ
ٶһ㣬ĥˡ˵գīµĶҲ˼֣ҪҶʱͿһǧҶԵʱǧκεһ˿ס
СȻȻСӲŽɩӵʱ״ɣ룬С־ԼͦõģҲûеС£ڡ
㡣ԶԶģһҶ֪С١ˡ
˵˼ΣصܳģǲҶЩңԼöǵ·СӳƧû˵ʱõġ
ҶŶС١һ£Ȼæǰæ㣬Ұ㡣


425 

ҶѼ廨øС١࣬С١ӹ󣬾ȲĻ㱨㣬ˣǸˣ˵Ǹʲôνġ
һ⻰Ҷ֪ʲôˡ
Сˣ
С١ͷļ廨⣬ĵˡ
ȻҶﲻȱϺԣС١ǻʳ뵽СڼС١ﰵãҲɻķϣҲڼһٺˡ
Сһ𣿡
С١ͷţ˾ͺ͸æء
ҶҲûæʲôǺС١˵
°ûУС°ʱ䶼
ûء
·һ˼ңŵƮζԼͬӡ
Ҷ濴С١ҲԼһЦ벻㣿
С١æҡͷ롣㶼廨ˣԾͲˡ
ɲܲ㣬Ƶ㣬ҲɽҪ㡣
С١֪Ҷ˵ʲôģһ衣
Ƭıģһ̶ûһһƬ˵ˣܲ滹ˬڵǧҳͺ˿ݫƬҲУζĸģɺóˡ
С١С׶ڼңǻʱ򣬾ͼҶڷǰϾһ㣬ˣСˣһǺ޹Ǽצһǽμᡣ
˵СˣɷҲС
С١֪ҶóӴװġ
ÿÿôŽȥóôķˣҶԼռ棬ҪȻɱ֣ڵķ˿ɲһ׵顣
ϾԶ˲ķ˲ǡ
һ٣һţһ߳ԵĿĲѡ
˵ԭ˵Ĳ˽ˣȻǶԳˡ
ֻǹûãҶͳȥˡ
ءҶûС١ҲԵģ㼫أĭĶûж۾
ҪǲԣʱͳԱĲ˰ɡ
Ҷ⻰һС١;ˣ˼ҪԶѽ
ǣǡ
ûпС١ľᣬҶ滵۵ζ۰Ȼǵˮ㣬٣۰˼ϸɽ齷ζ
С١ĭĶˣ죬̧ͷҶ棬ҪȰҪƷѵĻôҲ˵
ôˣҶ汻С١һֱۣЦʵ
㣬ҪܶǮء˵ףС١ǮģûǮǮҲ࣬ǽǮò׳ŴôǮɲõˡ
㣬ʲôˣ첻ϰ࣬ҺԣòãС١˵ţ
ȥˮĴ㣬һҲëǮƱȯĻˣʱýԸ
ȻȲϽ㣬øúζǿԵġ
㲻ϲҲûϵˣϸģ˾Ͳʲôˡ뵽С١ˡ
㣬ҪǲϲҲ£ʱøҲƬˣȻҰǰͲʲôˡ
鼫棬һҲ࣬ƺôҶӦõģҶʵӦñ۰Ǹ
ҶһůͺһȪͷʹůůģоرů
ǣҾ֮ǰǸ㰡Ҷ濴С١΢΢Щյ˵š
𣬷ŵ࣬ƺ˼
С١һ£ûסҶǵͷңңǺðɣҪǺԣǾͳ԰ɡ
Ҷ汻С١ɰģˣһ¾Ц˳
ʵʲô˭治ֹϾռôԾôԡ
С١ô˵ǶС١ˣȻҶҲǲС١ġ
ģ׬Ǯ㹻ԺȵģΪһ㣬Ͷӵġ
С١ЦЦҲû˵ʲôˡ
ֻǿϧ㲻ԣֻҺС׳ˣŶиīӦܳҶ۵׻һĨЦ˵С١ģһǸ㳴ģи±š
С١һɵˣҲܳ԰
ңҸղţ˵˲ģǣҡ
ҶûпС١Ǻϵֹһ˵㣬޲õҾܳԵһƫƫһС١ܳԣźӡ
쵽ŵʱС١ûסҶ䣬ڣ㡭
ţôˣ
㣬ҲԳġ˵ţС١˼


426 ԲǵĻ

Ҷ¶ȣղŲ˵𣿡
ңҡС١εˣӵ˲ϣ˵ʲô־ò˼ð춼û˵
ǿҶЦ׹ԼǱˢˣյĶ˶ţ㣬۸ҡ
Ҫ뿪ȴڿŵʱŵȥС١Ҷ濪ĵЦ
żʱҶЦ˵ˣʱҲһݣȱ˭Ķȱİ
ҶС١ʱǧѾãˣīϸĵİӸϣѴļҲŪˡ
Сڴɨīհǧɾ
һҶī͵һʱ俴˹ȥ
棬ųĵЦݡ
šҶͷ
ɩӣ
С˰
һСڸɻҶЩĵ˸īһۣǿͣô˸ɻء
īЦЦ˵СӸɻôˣɻġ
Сһ̵ĿڣɩӣҸ͸ͼνˡ
ҶЦİ̫ллˡ
СһץɨѣһץץԴЦӦõģɩӾͲúҿˡ
ɩӣνҡ
īСһۣĻ˵ôϽѵɨáûˣ˵ˡ
ǣСӦգæɨ
īóνĽ״֤Ͽһ£ݸҶ档
棬ϰ۰ɣϢһ£
ð廨һЩ㿴ŵǲ࣬ҶҲȻ͸īˡ
ãûرԵģ
Ҷ棺УԲϣԼɡ
īҪʣҶ˲˵ûˡ
С١Ȼ֪Ҷ˵ĽԲʲô˼ˡ
ź͹ԹԵİ廨ͼȥˣ׼õ׷Ūء
СȻɨľмʲôģɶһֱ֧أԻֹ˵⣬Ůڣɵ˸źɩе㷴˰
ɩϰ࣬ڼﵱͥء
ӣźˡ
Ҳǣݼ٣ȻܶɩӾͶˣҪȻʱţɾûˡ
С°⣬ҪǱֵ֪һᾪ°͵ġ
˭ĵһսŵģţݼٵʱϴء
С¾ͿţҪ˵˵ġ
С£ˣһ˻ñǸץɻһɱżߣԷ
ģðллɩˡϾһɳĮôãСҲûҶ̫ЦǺǵӦˡ
ҶС˵״ӽȥˡ
īһǧҶûκηӦͺԺﱾþǧһ鵭ģûһ˿Ϳġ
īЩйһ벻ûĵСһۣ㣡
С¸ðˣתͷͶϸī񣬲ɵסôˣңôˣ
ᣬС¶֪ī֮ǰ֮Կ鵭ģΪԼν⣬ǼνҶһõģɲܱȵġ
ī֮ԵΪС¾ôֿտյĹһҪ䷹ģǸīҪСƽϣɩӣǱϲ㲻ôһ㶫
ɳĮСôԵˣǻԲǵĻ
С֪īĸ̣ǧʱ򼸴ηָīֻԼɵĲãÿÿڨЦֺõʣţвУţ߶ȿ԰ɣţŪͦȵġ
ī˵Ҷǧܻþϲ֪Сôһż˵ν飬ŪҶע䵽ǧϡ
Сֱɣͷԣĵѯʣţôˣ
īãȻû
Լôôı
ѵɳĮˣ
ȻīǲĿʹסʲôϴֽҴ֡
á
С׻ʱҶǧϣż㣬һһµᵴţżν֤ڿ
īСæС١ϴϷš
ǧŪˣ
СǾһ£ȻŷӦС¹ˡ
Ҷ㣬һˡ
Ҷ̧ͷСףǣã˰ɣϴֺȵˮһܳԷˡ
С׵ͷϴֵʱݸС١һʣôˣ
С١ҡͷûôҸġ
磬ʮĴ׻һǮ죬пˣǵ¿ܲܲнĺãҲʡһ㡣


427 ̫

Ҫ֪ҶԵĴ׶ҪõģҪ˵ˡ
ղĴС١װ׸ģ󣬵Ȼ֪жˡ
㻹أϴǳԹ֣ҪǮġҪȥһҲ㲻ܺͽԵıȣҲģӦҲԱġ
⻰С١˵СС׵˵ͷС١ںӣŽȥ
СҶҲˣ䣬һµ棬ǧҡ
Сױ˵ɽģֻҰī˵ҶҪһ壬ǾŪֻҰˡ
ɽ͵ҲͻȥҲʹá
ũĲԼļʲôģҲͳ˻Ʊȯ
Ҫ˵˵µũֵء
ԴӼͥƳ֣µũֵӹĿɺˡ
ʣ˵Ʒɳԣÿ¾ô࣬ȻƱȯҪʱҲǶġ
ȻûƱȯԺͳѽֳĶԣûƱƱСѹͳԲԣûйӦǾֻ취
ûƱȯҲȱԺȣƱȯҵĳԺȣƱȯȥҪĶ˭Ҳռ˭ˡ
ûлǼҼһгأʵмͥаԺũֵܺܿгˡ
Ǵװ滻ųԣʱʱɱɱѼģò֮ǰҪڳó򻧿ڵˣϼҴڵĴ޶ȥڳԵĺãŰ
ȻҪЩҲþͱˣȻǱȹĹģǮͺϲ࣬ȺеıˣҲͱ˸Ǯ
ȥǷ㣬зհȥ·;ȻԶһЩʤİ
еģٶһ߻ԵģԼû취ȥ֪ҪȥģҲ˰æġ
īӳ˲˳ʱ򣬿ҶǧҡţǳǳЦݣһǺ⡣
ϲɵ¶ĵЦ֪ϲģȻûŪ
ƺоīߣҶҲ̧ȥЦţҲЦ
棬һᣬаСʱͿԳԷˡ
áҶЦŵͷҲġ
ʲôÿģɳĮīôණҲûī˵ʳĴŪģīʲôÿġ
һ˰꣬Ҷ粻֪Ҫô͸īˣҪһ鱦Ͳռˡ
С׻æģŵſڣͱīֱʾãСҲСһϢȥ
ЦһٷиźھͿˣٶһˣǸ°ˣС¾ãⲻǰ˺ɩ˵͸Ŷô
ΪҶ廨ü鶹ˮţī˸廨ն
Ҷ֮ǰŪ˼⳦īˣƺǶ⳦п⣬С١˵⳦Ҷ治㣬ˣī⳦ݫˡ
ռŪңز˸ײ˺ʹ˿ŵŪ
һ˳˵ζҲ
ҶѼνҿǶԴ˴νɳĮһЩĻҪ˵ʵڵģǽ߲ƱƱƱ
īղͬνļһݸԼƱȯҶ֪īͬĶˡ
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429 

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ܻ벻оԼīһЩѪģϾ͸īѪһû뵽ҶѪУһ£ҲܿͲ


434 

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ǿӴҪѪ׼Ѫ顣
뿪ǰͷ˿еĸīǵãղΣʱҶҵ˵ôһ䣬һ仰ùܲ㶯ҪøīɴȲ뷨
ī˵ҪҿӰģӰûпأɲ˵īһҪסУҸ㣬´ʲôսˣҪԼ
Ҷ״ǺеĵôҲزסһĻҲܿ
սʤһ˼ȻҲ£ԼҪˣҶѹô˵īҲΪ˾Ҷű˵ġ
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Ҷ֪ԼͻȻڵĻùѹ˼
뿪ķ䣬һȥС١С׾ˢˢĴ˹
Сףҽô
С١Ҳʣ壬ҽأ
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Ҷӹ󣬺ھͷˣˮ̫𣬹С١᲻ҪԵĲһ
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ң㣬ûµģղҲ˵ˣ粻ʲôġС١Щ׾İοš
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䣬ҶüǷѾ˲ˣĿǰīʱ仹õãС׺С١˯ĵطе⡣
С뵽״æڣҶ㲻õģҺС١ݴҲͿˡ
ȻЩףҲֻˡ
ҶͳٿǮݸСףҪпգٻ¥оĻŻȺС١˯ţǮҪǲ˵
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СûƴǣͷӦ¡
С״С١ȥ˯Ҷ俴īʱоϣҶֿ̧һֱ棬ӦȥϢģģҿš
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ܣлл㡣
ܣúҿ棬ֻҪҪʱڡ
Ҷһ£ǣٴ˵һл
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435 ˽

˶֪ڻеĸīѪѪȻûѹȴҲΪǹҶİοЩʶ
ܹҶĻīֶ¡ֻ˵ĲᣬʧѪ̫һʱᶼûܳ׵ѹ۾
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ǸīֲԾסңе˾ңˡ
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ԣҶмĵͷ֣صܣлл㣡
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½Ȼһͷʾףû˵˵ϡ


436 һĿ

ݱݣǵֳķ֣ʱǹģһ㣬Ͳʲô޹ˡ
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437 ͼ

ȹʱ䣬㲻ôæˣԷɣ֮ǰҲڣտС׺С١ء
½ȻȻЦǱҶ滰ֵĲòЦ
ֿˣ֮ǰѾԹ𣿡
ҶԣϻһĨΣ˼˵һٷԱҵĸлҪл½ȻܶϢ½Ȼ͸¶ء
˵ˣѣѲɣҷʣһٺóԵģҪôɰ
˹ûãҶô˵ǻһʱ䣬Ҳ֪½Ȼ϶رæϾ̫ƻ˲ǡ
Ҳ֪½ȻҪ֪Ѱʱ򣬻ʲôӦ
ȻҶҲɵ飬ȻҪһֱŵġ
½ȻһЦЦãǾ͵ȹʱһԷ㡣
˵˼䣬½ȻҶͻſڣ뿪
½Ȼ뿪ҶϴǰһıӰ۵ʲô½ȻûĿģǶð
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Ҷ浣ǵĿŵƿɰοҶ㣬ģҽ˵ûվǺ£ûѹ£Ӧúܿѹˡ
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С׼Ҷһɨ֮ɫæĴӦ


438 ô

һתȥˡ
ǹÿ˵īָͦãҶҲܿīûж񻯣ɫһһ㣬ҪҽԺȥˡ
ôô˯Ҷڸīߣüţǲزסĵǣȴš
ܶ˵ָͦõģôѹǲǲˣҶ˵ţߵҪԼҲŲҪء
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ʵīһֱԼʶҲ֪ΪʲôԼѲȴûȫʧȥʶһˣԼȻ⣬Ժ
һʼīΪԼĻþѹ󣬷ҶĻʱǧһᣬ֪Լʱ򡮸оЩǴˡ
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īǽҼһֻϸֵϣȻŹлתС֣ɺóˣϧ㲻ѹԲ
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ȻҶ浣īǿĵģܲҪһ˲Ҷ˵Ļ͸ˡ
īżѹһҶ浣ĹҲǾùƵƵţʵ̫ˡ
Ҷ֪ī˿̵쿴ŸīС׿ţС١ӿѧҶ˯ûչ˸ī顣
˵ʵڵģīҲҪʱչˣڴϣ˿ŻһҩɹܲСףҶҲǰʱ򿴿īԷûѡ
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439 Ȼ뺷

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ӪȻά֣ܹûнʳĺá
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440

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Сûй
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441

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Ҷ治ڷͳȥˡ
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ҶϲŴԿŹǵʱСʶˡ
Ҷ㣬Ե𣿡
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442 ʾ

Ҳ˺ġ
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īҲܿķӦĿŹܣŨü𣺡ղŶҡ
ʲôܲĿŸī
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īͺȹŹ˯£ģҲҶС١Сסܡ


443 Ϊī

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ôˣܣҶоܵߣƺл˵ʵ
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ҶС١˵ΪҪȻȻģС١Ҳ;øīҪˡ
С١ѧ֪īѹȻȥ˵Ϊ˵Ҫ죬Ҷ͹˵ʱȥοīתע
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īЦĸˣǾ鷳ˡϽҶú˵ˡ


444 ܺ˱

С뿪ҶεĿŸī۸Сף⼸Բѣæչġ
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֪ҵʲô˼װҶһۡ
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ڹܵÿīƾܣֻܰţûٳˡ
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С׸īĶһ٣Ȼһ߲ţһ߻ش𣺡ãأ˵ˣǲ٣ⲻ󡣡
ôʶģ
СףС١ҶԵһȥģͺˡ
īһ飬⻰ôôŤҪС١ǸСƨ˸Ҫˡ
п࿴飬Ҳ˵
С׳ĬС١ҶԵְҶ㣬ǹϵͺѽ
Сֲ˵īҲϰˣСӻ٣С١ߣߴߴ˵ûꡣ
һֱڼҾ߳﹤ڼҾ߳﹤ǲãīǾãи뷨ͼƻС
Ҷѧϰ˵ѧϰܻõģң˵ͻָ߿ͿԶѧȥˡ
˵ûҪ˲ţչҲҪ˲šīͷĻûġ
СԵͷ죬ߣȴˡ
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ҶȥλˣϾö٣Ҫλ˵һԵɵġ
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Ҷ촩īɫϵ㣬е㹤װĿͣͷβǺɫѥ˧˧ġ
Ӱٻ¥ʱ򣬻һϹˬЦݵĴסˡ
ӣԣλͬ־һͦÿģڰٻ¥𣿡㣺ҹŮ¸ҲҪˣһģҪٲƱ
ҶͷһԼϵ·Щ˼ЦЦ㣬·ģġ
ģգ˿ٻ¥¥ķ
״ҶæģҲٻ¥ģϺҪϲԿʽȥɵʦһֻҲ֪öٲ
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˵ţҶü䣬˳¥ϳȥ
Ҷ뿪˰ٻ¥
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ڣҶ滹ǲһ·ҪߵĲϾ·Ǵӿռ﷭ĳ£ĲƱ˵ʵڵģڻ֪ôóȥء
ĩʹʻܸߣҲһʱϴ·Ǻòߵĺӣ߶Ͳ˵ˣһЩݣ˵ٻ̳רӣҲǺͲҪǮһĺͳҶ
㣬ֲ⣬µ͸Ǻ͵һ
ᣬ·ȥ
ī·ͻһˣȾѪ·СѾϴ첹ˣҶ滹Ǿôˣīܴ·˳С׺СҲһס
ܺ˱˲ǡ
ʱ䣬СǰտīҪ˵һֱûҶ濴Ҳ֪ࡣ
С١ʲôɣҶҲҪ·ġοС١Ҳµİ˲ٵæ
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īǲõЦݣһ;Ҳź
šҶ濴Ÿī䣺ôôˣ
͸˰ȻĻҶһ£ҶЦѣԸīĻѾֲˡ
Сһǳ˳飬ĵǡаɣʲôûˡ


445 

ŸīЦĿģҶЩЦһ䣺ɵġ
֪ҶԼ·īһ㶣ſĵϵЦôҲס
·īϲѡ
棬û뵽·ҡ棬Һÿİ
ǣһô࣬ǲûǮˣ
ī˵ţҪԼڴǮҶ档
ֻڴûԼǮǮҶ˵˸ʰʱȥˡ
棬ҵǮ㶼֪Լù
Ҷ˸īһۣǮģ㴩ͺˣҷʲôռĻƽֵΣ·
ҪҶҲǾøī·е٣Ҫû·˵ˣ֮ǰһ·ǻô
ⲻûǮīͷЦĿģŻ·Ҫжˡ
·ˣã·ˡ
ԭӹԼС١·׼ȥźõСףī⻰ʱŲһ£лǣתҶ档
Ҷ㣬·ҪȻ˰ɣС׹ԹԵľ·˵ͺˣҺС١в·Դء
Ҳ֮ǰҶʾϲƴǣС֪Ҷī·ûֵ˵ʱֻǾһ£лˡ
ʲôˣҿû㡣Ҷ棺˴ĸ߼۳£ղƱģʮʮǮһףҲûطˡ
ٿǮһףС׿˿Լ·ٿīڻ·㵣ⲻǻİٿǮˣ
Ҷ״û⵽С׵ıһҪ·ҪҲУС١·ٵʮǮһײУ·ˣҪҪԡ
ǮţʱòƱѣùҵȯ£ԼʮʮǮǶҪƱȯƽƷⲻƱȯĸ߼ƷǮ֡
ҶǮȥ鷳óһЩ·С١Сһȥˡ
ϾƱȻÿ¶Ҳ̫ˣһ궼һһ·
ЩйʣûƱȯ¿ʽӱֲƱȯ۸һЩҲȥġ
ҲͳͳҪȻҶƶҪһҵ꣬С׿ˣԴĻռеǡ
Сæҡͷ
֪ˣǮҶҲյģҶ·ҪתˣҶӦû᲻ġ
ҶҲû˵ģֻǶһ䣺ǵϴٴ
á
Сϴ·ȥˣѸīҲһȥϴ
棬ʲôʱ˰·˰īҲһʣȻͼ˵ǲǴʡǻʱˣ
ʰգīЦĸˣǸղŰٻ¥ģҲҶ˵ʱ·ˣģ˼ɾͲһˡ
һ뵽Ҷʹ˸Լ·˼īϵЦֵĸˡ
ղſء
֪Լǲһġ
棬Һÿİ
Ҷ棺ҿˣ
īЦǺǵģһҶԼǮǵҶְһۡ
ȷҪǮ
īͷҶǮͳīӹȴһԵҶ㣬㻨ɡ
Ǯ
ٶǮҶ濴һǮֿ˸īһۣ۾һתУҾͲˡ
ȻǸīҶõģҶɴº󣬸īЩסͻȻùֵֹģʵ棬·ҵİɣ
ҶǮЦŷʣ˵أ
֮⣬㶼ӲҪǮˣ͵İɡ
īôоǮأ
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Ŷ
īҶ浭ģƺȥżţ棬ҲǮ·Ǹõģ·ҵġ
֪
Ҷ黹ǵģûκα仯īһ£תһ룬ֿ
ǮӦõģĻʲôòǡ
ھסԺȴأӦðѹʶ֧ġ
ʲôǼãõģǼá
ϵλŲмأ
īһ;ᣬһƣһֿţСһ㣬ҶЦѡ
棬ôûԼ򣿡
Ҷ淴ʣ㿴ȱ·𣿡
īһ£ҡͷ
Ҷ洩·ؾǼ䲻ģһҲðһ·ֻ·ʽЩĵĻᷢ֡


446

ǲˡҶ棺Ҳʳһ·ϲģҲᴩġ
Ҷ滹˵Լ·࣬ģ¸īûǮˣűʾԼޡ
ϲġ
Ҷ濴˿Լϵ·ֿ˸īһۣЦЦҲû˵ʲô
īǲ֪Ҷ·ӱͺЩ˲һȻҪ޲ѣ޲Ь
ۻԱܴεѣҶ㴩ֲȱԴ
˿ڻ𣿽оô
īü᣺ۣҺöˡ˵´ʱ̫ҲԺ߼ˡ
档īỽһ
Ҷڰ㽶̧ȥ
ԣ
īϿд㽶
棬Ҳóԡ
ƣҶЦҶģʲô˵ģ
ϱ£ҶоʲôҪ˵ġ
ҡûˡ
ôˣ
ֹҶ֡
īǳһȣҡͷûʲôҺˣҴ㿴Ӱòã
ҪҶŵܣߣīˣĳϲҶ棬Ҳǻ˺Ҷ棬οûƾûݵģ˵ֻͽҶķա
Ҷͷá
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˵ӰʱҶ;ܾˣīٴʱȴͬˡ
Ҷ룬ԼΪϴûпɣҪīɣ
С١ѧ֪Ҷ·ʱȿ㣬֪īҲзݵʱ۾һת֣ݣīĴߡ
ҽҲ·ˣ
īŬװģС١üԺ¸Ͼɹ·ⲻڵ顣
˵ʲô
С١˵Ļôī⵭޲ĻˣǺ˼ȿȡ
һᣬС١˼·ڵ˵ҽ·ǻ˺öǮģҪúð
С١䣬յԴҪ˵Ĳš
ڸīЦĿУС١һ֯ԣɫ˵ҽãҪҽá
īЦĻش𣺡ȻȻﺬЦīе飬ޱȡ
ҡǺðɣúϢС١ʵкܶ໰Ҫīţɼô̹Ȼϵ˿ڣһ˲䲻֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
˸īΪ˾ȽˣҪôԽá
С١յ뿪ī䣬ȿܽԺӵʱüͲɵ
ûпֹһֻһЩ߲ˡ
ⶼǰŪģⲻõ°ˡ
Ҷ治ڣСƴҲá
һٲߣôһܴһЩ˹
ǣҽǡ
С˵ܾ꣬ʹĻҺѣ˵ŲҪҼȻˣ˶ȻҲˣȥҲǡ
ī˶ãܾ˶ˡ
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Сײڹණʱٰƴǡ
Ҫ㲻£ھߣҲˡ
⻰һСҲֻˡ
ī˻ûȫãҪǹܲҶӦҪˡ
ڹ˵Ҫʱ򣬸īҪͬģͲҩҲԣ
ûڣС׾˶ȥīֻ㬵ıſҪ廰͡
Ҷʱ򣬹Ѿī˿ڣҲҩˡ
ǹˣָĺãҲһʱܺġ
һζԸī̾ѡ
īµ߼ˣ컹Ժת˼ȦһԣȻֻܺһࡣ
һ࣬īﶼҪˣҶ˸СܳԵľǼػػ࣬Կ㣬յļ⣬Ĳʱīˡ
һֻܺడ
ӦΪ˿룬ټɿһʱ䡣
ǺǡīЦ֪ҽһ㡣ܾãǹġ
ҪȻôƫƫһֻСռء
оīƣҶЦ룬һ⣬ŵī˵ʯ㣬˿кôԵûµġ
ܿϵʯʱ֪϶ҶΪ˸īģȻû´
īʱˡ
棬лл㡣
С١ҶߣȻСǺܹ͵͵⸵ī͹ܵı飬īĵЦȻû̫ı飬С١Ҳ֪ɫЩÿ


447

룬С١Ҷ濪ڣ㣬ҲҪ㡣
áҶָС١һǣԣС̡
֪ģһСĵġС١ɵЦŵͷϵľѺԲ۾ĵɰˡ
īһС١Се㲻ʶȤ
С١ǣоīߣɿȥĵ㻹ллңҪҲ˵ٸӼ⣬컻ҩ϶ҪԿͷġ
û취С١ǹˣ֪ҪԿͷеǰ취ġ
ôҲû뵽Ϊ֮ǰһʱСԴףС١ʶİƽīбˡ
СףܣҲһ㣬ʵģζܺá
ˣܣ´ֱˣҪʲôҲ֪ҽһЩͲҪƷˡ鷳Ѿ˼ˣҶٻǮ
һֻҶ˵ʲôʱ˵˵УǴӣҲʮǮء
ЦЦⲻ˾ʹˣֲǰٰʮֻģôҲҿˡ
īԣһԲ廰ҲҪ͹ҽ鷳ҽѾ˼ˣǶûкúллأùҽƷѣǵĲˡ
֮⣬ˣǵȻҪˡ
ī˼۾УҲЦͬ־⻰Һˣ֮ǰ滹
ȿȿȡС١ͻȻĿ˹ܸīĶԻңȿȡȡˮ
ҶһС١Ǻæ˱ˮ
С١㡣
С١˺һͣ£ٴλصϵʱ򣬹ܺ͸īղŵĶԻѾûˡ
Сʰˢϴ꣬С١·ݲ裬īȻܺȲ裬Ҳһš
˵һỰۿܲൽˣī״һˡ
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⻰ȻǺҶ˵Ȼѯʣɸīǿܵģһ˼Ѿˡ
Ҷԣһ¡
⡭ܣһʱЩ֪ôڵĺá
Ҷ浱Ȼ֪ôۣǸīǹˣ²ûרҵ˿ʵڲİ
ī״ּ棬ɳĮﲻҲǰҩҩЩͿˣϰûʱ䣬С׺С١˵ˣҩǳյ飬ҲǶ㶨ʱ鷳ҽÿܣҲ̫Сˡ
˵ˣҶͷÿԣҲС
ڸīϣԼÿԣֵŹܵô˵ˣҶҲ÷˼
ܲ⸵īô˵û뵽īڽ˵ΪôҲùǡ
ڸīڵʱ򣬹ܲûдĻ
ÿȻܿҶ棬ڣҲûʲôӴĺûᡣ
һ£֪Ҷǽϵģٱ֮ǰҪҶ棬Ҫ̫ˡ
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ҽϸ˵һЩעڸīҪͷʱֶҶ濪ڣ棬¾С١ҡ
á
ҲˣҾȻȥˡ
Ҷ棺㡣
ѹͳſڣҶվſں˵һỰŻ
īԺŲӵȣʱʱֱֿ̧ҪȥˣŲ̧𣬻Ƿˡ
ӣ·С١̲סҪ˵ʲôˡ
С١ûüڣͱСҡͷֹˣֻһֵȥдҵ
һҶīǰ˼Щĵ˵棬ڼﶼĵĲôôá
īӲҪҪôԣҶû֪֪˹˽¾㣬˶ķգΪһЩõҩôģǹ취ġ
һЩҩȻҶõģһЩҲǹŪģȻСȥҽԺģǹܷ֣Ҳ
ҶҲ丵īһԶùˣϾȵĸīīȴϿʵˣΪҶû취
ѹ죬ҡ
īҶ棬ڣ棬ֻǳԴס
棬ҾǳԴףܡ
ҶĻôīĻˣһʱԭأ֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
棬֪ϲ㣬Һ£ʵѹʱҾ˵Ҫ鷳ˣ֪㲻ͬġ


448 ī

ҶĬϻѹͻ伲ҽ϶ͬⰡ
ī˵ţͱ鶼ίˣ棬Ѿ˼ˡ
Լ㿴Ӱһ仰ڸī߲ͱˣȻī֪С١˵©Եʡ
ΪҶܾˣԣīҲͲ˵ˡ
ҶЩյİ˰ǵ̫Ѩڵ㣬Һûʲôġ
ϲ㣬Ҿǲϲڡ
īҶ棬Ũü𣬻Щ԰׵ίͿҶһӲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
棬ʲôˣԶһЩòã
ҶʲôҲûô⸱ίģء
ң˵ǺˣҲʲô˰
˼Ҳž㡣ҶͼҪ˵ʲôɸīΪġ
Ҷ棺⻰û취ˣΪ⻹ʵ
˵˺ãҶҲ֪С١ȥңҲҹĹæī˵ڽʱæտ
ҶһֱǷ˹ܵ飬ղվſڣҲΪ˸ī̬Ⱥ͹ܵǸ
ֻ֪渵īǸǡǡùµĺܣΪʶİѸīᵽǱȥˡ
ˡ
ѾѹˣѹûˡīҶĻ
棬ÿ쿴ܹεҳԴףµûţҵ˺õĸӲôˣǹĻ죬ԼҲôżˡ
Ҷһ飬ʲô
ܣҾǳԴףӲôˣǸ˼ҰСīϲ㣬ҾͲˡ
㲻ģ쿪ʼԼȥҽԺҩˡ
īɫܾңһлһᱨġ棬飬ͱ˺òã
Ҳٿˣһ仰ī˵ί
棬ҲΪҵ飬㱻ҵֱ
ĻҶ治ŭĿУīȥ
ǲĵ˵ҲܣҾǲϲҪǻҲҪ˻ҩˣ䷹𡣡
Ҷճ˳飺˹ȱһٷˡ
ƺ֪Ҷ뷨īûԷҲûʲôɳ˷ߣߴߴ죬ӰϢҽѵ֪̽ʱ𣡡
Ҷô֪īôСأֱ۱ǻС
棬֪֣ҹ˲ˣҾǿﲻҪ컹ҾͳȥīȻ˻ûкȫߵҲ죬ŲҲŲȥġ
Ҷ棺˭ղ˵˺õĲˣֿʼװ˵ôͰ͵ġ
Ҷû˵īһһӾͰˣҶ棬촽䶯˼£Сʵ棬ǲˣ
ǲǲסȥˣ䣬īЩҡ
֪װģ֮ǰúõģôһ¾ܲסˣҶ滹ʶһǰ˷ס
Ƽ۵׵İϲҶգû˵ˣҷط䡣
￴һĻС׺С١ǳ˳飬˶һۣӶԷпһ˼Ҫ
˭õһߴµˣȻСϱһĺͱһԴҶͰ͵ˣ
īûоС׺С١ߣɹܲˣڱҶط·ϣƫͷݿȥûаҶίĿľ档
С١ȻϸīĿ⣬ǺѹĵԴСǶѹС١ҪһƲߡ
棿īһ͵͵סҶһǣĳ˳ֳ˳͵͵ģǲǲˣ
Ҷûĵ֣ߵװˣ
װҲúװǶ˺òá
һ뵽ԼûܶӲĳҶЩˬ
īûװ
װԣҶüɨһۣװҾͰ㶪Լط˼
īЦЦĵľҶ°ڣ˵棬
֪װģͰ͵ģҶһҲûּ̫˵ֱ׳ίģȻˡ
ģѾ͹˵ˣġ
˵ǸīԸҶҲǿѯʹܣīȷʵûʲôˣҶҲ˳˼ˡ
ԣīЦˡ


449 ҳϲ

Ҷ治ͬ⣬ղǺ͹˵Ƶ顣
ҪīҲ˦ͷ߲ǣǲǱ˹ˡ
ҲöҶ淢Ƣ
ղŻװЦĹ˲װˣҶû֪װġ
ٺ١īɵЦţһҲҶ淢֣ҲָҶ治ǡ
īҿɸ㰡ԼҪרҵʿ㿴˻ҩģ컻ҩҪŪ㣬ɲҪɽС
Ҷûľ档
ղŹȻû˵ʲôҶ滹Ǿͦ˼ģīװҶƣоԼīǣűߣЩˬ
īæҡͷҲġʲôʱɽйˣصҲûнк
棬ֻҪҩôС
ҶԣƳһۣߵãţˮ˿ڡ
īһ£Ҷ˵棬뵽Ǹ棬ֱϲɵķһЩƤ񣬵ǹԹԵĵͷҲ£
ҲûռˣҶ汻īЩˣǿϵˣ²ȥ֣һԶɿ˷֣Լȥ˯㡣
档īתס
õǼͷ˿ڵ֣Ҷһ˦ĳ嶯̧ȥүѾŵˣϢˡ
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īһĸղŵĿίϱ鼫Ϊ档
Ҷһ¡
ʲô
īûϣҶǽߵϣļͷ£ԼһӴ򿪣ͷҶǰֻ֮ϥǸһȭͷľ롣
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ɴʱ棬ȴûĸҶ˲Сѹ
ҶЩָ
īûиҶ̫ʱȥ׼º˫ĶҶ۾֣ء
棬ϲ㡣
Ҷ峺գգӦһš֪ɳĮ֪ˡ
˵īֵôԣɳĮѾ˵˵ġ
ʱȻؿ̿࣬з׾񣬿ϲ˭һδεĲԼΣնȥһˡ
ûһһεвġ
ûовˣ֪ʱ̣ʲôľľѹֵѹʲô˶һһεȥԵġ
οҶ֪Լܷɵʱжôˣ˵ģˣǹΧɱˡ
īûбŵΪ˾һδεĸѪû᲻Ϊ˱ܶ˳ְˡ
ҲһĵҪԭΪϲ
ҶǵãɳĮмڸīǰܣÿһΣһ־ޣͺȸԾûаֵķͺ¡
ҶϣĻûбŵҲġ
ԣīҡͷ
ϲϲ̫ˡīҶ棬һһٵ˵棬Ұ㣬ܶܶϲϲϲ
Ҳ֪Ҫôݣʲôĳ̶Ȳ㣬ĳϲ㣬ϲ㣬رϲ㣬ܶܶࡣ
ֻǸīҶѧģϣҲñŤ
Ҿ֪ҲԸ⿴ίҲϲѹ뿴㲻ˡ
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һ£ī˵棬ҲҪЮͼֻҪ֪Ұ㣬ԣһ㣬㣬ΪʲôҶǿĵġ
ҲԴףʼɣϲ㣬ֶֿµûšôãȻϲ㣬ֲϲЩϲ㣬ͨͨߣҡҿ㲻ģѹ
ǹ˶ˡ
Ȼīû˵
棬Ұ㣬ֻҪ֪ҰͿˣҪκ︺˵ģɼȻղŸ˹ܣҲ˵һЩǾ͸ɴһԵĶ˵˺ˡ
īҲãԼ˼ùȥ˵ѹҲ
ţ֪ҶӦһ
ʲôЮͼֲֻһΡ
һֱīʹûҶʲôԸ顣
ҶףԲŻʶİѸīൽԼ
Űˣŵ־ԼĿӶ֪
Ҷһڣҡ
һ£ּ˵īڲ֪Ҫô˵
ҶĲ֪Ҫô˵Щûõ


450 ɺܶ

īһ˵棬㲻ҪҴ𰸣Ҹ㣬ֻҪҵ˼ѣ룬ʲôʱˣͺ˵ͺˡ
ǣҲϣ㿪ңһᣬչ㣬òã
ܾöҺܲ˽⣬ûϵ˽˽⣬ֻҪ㲻ųҿͿˡī֪һݼ٣ҪҶǼƽǡ
ôѲŻڻΣտκ˶ǷģĮ顣
׶ͷΣ綼һѰ׹ˡ
棬ǻ֮ǰһ𣿡
Ҷԣǣͷ
ī״һ
棬ϣһֱĵģģҲʲô鷳ģҲʲôġ
⻰Ҷһ㶡
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˵ī˵ĻģˣЩ
Ҫ˵ۺ鷳ҲӦǣīɣ
ī죬һ뻹ҡҡͷûʲô棬֪ͺˣ˭˵ء
Ҷ滹ʣī˵һ뵽īͻȻѣҶƺʲô
̾һҶ˵ˣǾͲ˵ˣʱ䲻ˣϢɡ
īƳһԺ߶С١Сףͷ
棬Ҳ˯
á
Ҷ滰䣬С١ԺƵƵԵɺЦЦ
īǳ˳飬ﲻ֪Сʽʱ䲻ˣҶ̫á
С׺С١Ͳ֪ղŸīҶ˵ʲô˾ǿǽϵĹӣӦһ£ԺģǼŴŵţǿǽһʱķ档
ҪŪ㶯øīҶע⵽
ҶߵſڣͻȻͣ£תԶˡ
ī
ʲôīĿҶ档
Ҷǣûʲô´ΣʲôֱӺ˵Ҫװˣˡ
һˣҲ
īԣЩ˼°΢ֱ̧׳죺ûװҾǺܿ
Ҷ棺
㣡
Ҷ仰תҪߡ
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ˣˣϡ
ղ˵ˣ㡭
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ֻʣ¸īվڷſڣԼЦĿġ
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û뵽ջ񣬸īĵϵЦôҲѹȥ
һҲûϵһһۻԺɺܶġ
īҪҶ̫ϲֻҪҲϲͺˣģͿԡ
°Դ̽С׺С١ԺӻƵĵƹ⣬īϵЦݣǳ˳顣
㵽׺˵ʲôΪʲôôأС١⡣
Сװ⣬ôˣΪҶӦʲôѵǹܲ飿
о˴ĺߣīĵɨһۣãīҲǵ֣Լǿš
Ҷϴּϴʱ򣬸īվſЦĿģڴ˷ܡ
ҪҪ˯ٲȥ˯Ҿ͡Ҷۡ
ȻװģɰĺܣɸīҲҶѽæĵͷڿҶݺ󣬸īҲת˷䣬ȥ


451 

ҶڴϣȴôҲ˯ţΪߴīǱ߿ĵ߶
ҲϲңҲϲңãҲϲңÿİҲϲҵġ
Ҷ治ЩˣôΪĸīţ֪һĵûû˵߶
߶ҶƣȻģЩ
īôôɡɵģ⻰ĴҶð
ī߿ģ뿪ҶҵĹܣͲˡ
Ҷղ˵Ļеɲ⡣
īƾʲôҺӴʸ񻮶ޡ
û㶯أīûôһ仰𣬲Ҫҽҽִյɱء
뵽Ҷ֮ǰ˵⻰ʱĽ䣬һ뵽īü۵Цֵȥ
ûлؼԺгֱʵҡ
ʵҺһƺһЩƺûʲô仯
̨ǰĶҲ֪˶ãŻ
ʲôһһվϰ״Ӻһµȡҩۣе
û֪оʲô֪ʵһЩƷһᾪ
īôĵĽ˯رȻѹʱҶѾȥˡ
ʹСף֪ҶˣīȻûпҶЩʧ䣬һ뵽Ļ뵽ӦǺˣֿĵЦ
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⻰īֹȴԴﲻϵظš
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īһСףûϵ
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СҪҪôС
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ҶǸŮͬ־Ҳ˼Ҷ㻻ҩԼС١ô
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һҶõģīȻ顣
ûʲô
СҡͷҶ˵һЩһЩճĶûиīģ˵Ļ
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ϹҩīҪСһ£ڣҶ˵ˣԺ߼ºˣɲԶҪϢ
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ʱҶرϲС˵£ɾ䣬ʲôʲôӵġ
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ˣͿʼϰ࣬ϰ¡һͼƻõģΪҶ˫ݣȶչ˼죬Ҷݼٵʱ򣬸īָĸãʱҲûʲôˡ
ҩ飬ҺС١ֵģģҺС١ֽŶţʲôġ⻰˼ǣأҶ㡣
īǳ˳飬ʱСװˡ
ζԽԽ㣬С׷Ļϴ֣ӳõģѪĲƷ˳
īһüͷ𣺡Ҳ˵ˣЩҪԵ𣿡ŪЩƷɲף֮ǰҲˣԲҲû
Ҷġ
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ǾͼŹţϻ˳ԡ
С׶ûģ֪ī᲻ԣҲԣǻҶ治һƽһ˿ϳ˵Ҷʱ𣿡
īԣһôû
̫˺


452 

ī˵˭Ҫ˽ҶƢԡ
˵ʵҶҲʲôر˵飬ǲ˵Įĺ˵̬ȣƫƫǸīܽܵġ
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̧СһۣôСҶвԼأƫƫīܲһס
ƺûпīŭߣС׼˵ǸպҶʶʱ򣬾ͼҶ㷢˺ôһ𡣡
˵ţС׵ϻһĨµı顣
ڰҺС١ǵҶʱʲôġС˵ţͣһ£תѶŵĲƷŵµϡ
ҺС١ǲپˡ
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Сײʮ꣬͵ĸóԣʱΪŪĶˡ
Ƥ£ҪԵĻʵҲ׵ĺܣСĿбӣͺֻڼ򵥵ˮһûаҪԵ뷨
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īԣǣɫǻءСʱ飬Һܶ඼ˣҵȷɢģȥ̫ˣҲǵˡ
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СɫЩ˵ɢС֪ǴǱĸ˵ģ͸ִ߽ˣӼˡ
û취Ǹʱ̫ˣСǸʱ겻͵СӣҲҪֲɻܲ֪


453

īʱѾʮˣ˵ͳԺ󣬵ܸһЩҲãȥúҲգʲôãܻһڷԣҲڻ
οǴıӼôһ벻ǣ
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ʱһһѶŪǶŶӸߵġ
ӡô粻ûӡġ
С׵ͷû˵
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ԸΥǽ˾ǰѸīõģһԲһٷǳе飬øɻѧݣ˰£īͱڸĸ߻ҪݣθǶε
Ҳī˵ùݵʱСǵˣȻ˴īǳҶʱˡ
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󣬺òн˲ӣǹӶߡ
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˵ͣǸʱһǵһսģû뵽һСˡ
һжˣ֪һЩİ취˵ʺսΣյĹͷ
ģߵ˶˼ˣīȥ꣬Ѿǰ೤ˣͱҲûвġ


454 СƢ

īܹ˲ԹĿ٣˵һʼΪ˻ʱ䳤ˣҲļһˣȻҲԽĲˡ
ܻţ˭Ҳȥֻǣ͸ʲôսʲôƾԼĹҡηͷԴµ˻
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ī۾ŴСһۣûһ˿仯Ҫ˵Ҳԣν
ǲԸҶġ
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455 ÿ춼Ҫ

Ҷߣװ˯ȴ̲סĽëûסЦ
װˣװһҲǽë˺ü
Լ˵ˣī۾۽ëٲͺҪ˯һҶߺߣĲǾǲң
ңҿ˰
ô˵ҶҲûŲǸīһ۾һ¾ͰҶס
档
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ȿȣ棬ȻЩΣɸīװԼѹӣҲ֪Ҷһ֪ġ
֪װ˯һе͸ȷˣûѹҶҲЪ˰ο˼
ҪҪҶһţһַţѸī
Ҫ˿һҪӸīˡԼ´ҲԼ߶ƫƫҶǰװ
ī󣬶ҶЦݣ棬ϰһ죬˰ɣ
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⶯øīסôӵĹҶѾɴ⿪ˡ
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ԾԾԵҶЦãϹ˵ֲʲô£ôҲҪ
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458 ϼ

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461 Ҫװ

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463 ɿ

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465

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467 

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468 û취

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Уҽ߰
Ͼ棬ܶ໰Ҳ˵˾Ϳĺ˼䣬Ҳͷֿˡ
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469 ҷ

īеѪζ˺һֱеģ˿ڻָУѪζѾܵܵˣӦˮҩζ
֪Ѫζͺһ
תҶ״ǲʵ
Сףû°ɣ
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īƽҪˡ
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ȻҶı̫ˡ
ڸī˼Ҫôɻȥ˵Ҷ治ôʱ½Ȼˡ
½ȻС١ѧźŵġ
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䣬½Ȼ¶㿴ˣͿʼճŭĸˡ
½Ȼıһ˲ĲڣܿͼЦӯӯĺ͸ī˵š
ҽĻˣҵøϽúú͸ͬ־һΣҪȻ층ͬ־صλˣȣɾûˡ
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ʵҪǻ˱ˣ½ȻҲֱ˵Ҫˣɸīݲһ㣬ԣ½Ȼֻܳ²ߡ
ڹ˽һپƣ½ȻҪ͸īȶˡ
Ȼڷϣ½ȻƵƵԸīٱ
һһ׵ĻҶҪֹС


470

ҶҲһ˶ٻһЩġ
֪īƮƮһ䣺ϰһҲ˵ģͲˣ½ӳȾˡ
½ȻĿǸīҲڸͣǰŮͬ־ͱˣҺ͸ͬ־Ⱦͺá
ٺһ㣬ɱȵģҿɲ뿴Ҷ״Ц˵
ģᡣīҶ棬ŵ
½ȻҲæӦᣬᣬء
ҶֻС׸½Ȼ͸īһ˶ˣա
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յīҶȻǣҲֻǿѹˡ
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Ҷһ΢΢ü־ôȣҪȣ
˵īѾݵĻؾˡ
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ÿЩҶ;áЩֵֹĸоͷͺ˵ĻͲϽĵһ
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;ӶҶŷǰӿռóġ
ȻǰýͳһСƿƵ¿Сףһ½Ȼӵʱ򣬼ǵﵹһЩƵ¿
Ƶ¿ɹŵľƣߴ68ȣҶڿռ﷭˺þãġ
½Ȼ˼Ҷ治òǰ׼
СȻĵͷ֤ԼŪġ
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СӦȥС١ǹԹԵĽȥæѾӶ˳
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Ȼľٶ½Ȼһ㶡
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ôһ룬½Ȼ
Ҷøī࣬ҲΪԺ۵ʳбУ


471

Ҷ˼ڣ׼ҪīԵģԶڳԱ߼׳ԣʣµĶǸɾġ
ⲻķʳΪ½Ȼܣʱ򣬾ζȻŨȴҲû˼ϸˡ
Ϊӵĳ־ζӵŨþζģ½Ȼһӡ
СҶ治ģѾӷָҺǰ½Ȼע⣬Ҷ˵ͷ
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һҶϲģ½ȻȻʣˡ
ޣҪ벻СҶ涼ûСٸ½Ȼһˡ
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Сͷĸˡ
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ĻҶ񣬰һۣҶ֣ѼңҸҩ
Сһһʵʵġ
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Ҫ˵ɲſ죬ͱҶһǵ۸˻ȥ
Ǵ˿һĻС׺С١Цˡ
ҶӹС١׼õë֣ϸīֺõЦݣûİһۡ
īú뿪ɡ
ʲôīϵЦݿס
棿Ҫߣ
һС׺С١໥һۣĬĬĲ˵
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472

ī֪Ҷ֪Ҷĸߡ
˿̣ī˵Ǽٵġ
֪ˣţҶ治ˣҲܡ
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Ҷ濴˿û˵ǶС׵һЩˡ
С׵ͷʾԼע⣬ҶҲܸīԼС١뿪ˡ
īҪҶ溰סһĲģǼˡ
ãīڣǲǣˣ
Сգһ£Ȼ룬ӦҾ֪Ҷ
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ī˵˵û˵
ƺ֪˼СĵǹˣҶҲ
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С١˼ֿǵҶһЩԴϵ鷢
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˵ˣ뻨ǮҲûطԻ
С١ҡͷҶ˵ղŻ˵Ҫġ
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С١ҶһᣬûôˣŹԹԵ˯ȥ
Ҷϴ󣬻˯ڴϣ˸īǱߵĶ㰲ȣһЩ
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ҪǸīߣС¥ʲô飬ҲӦԣҪ̫йǡ
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ֻǣܵȥûеȵ
̧ͷһǽϵĹӣѾʮˡ
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֪ЦīɹҶ棬ЦԼ̫ˡ
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Сԣʲôˣ
ⲻС١ҲСףҶ档
ܿˣԵһ¡
һ㶣Ҳ֣˼Ŀڡ
Σ˼ô㣬ǰסԺлԣѾмƵҽڴˣбҪȥһ¡
ҽԺĻʿ
УȹȥҺܿͻʲôֵ飬ܺܿ͵Լ顣
õģСԻʿӦգת֮ǰ͵͵һǰ뿪ķţĵμ࣬һɸɾģ˾İ
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סԺϰ״ӣͿʼæ
ڼ䣬΢񣬺ںܿͷӦûʲô¹ʡ
ʵҶ濴ī˿ʱû뵽ҹܰæϣīƺ֪뷨ɴǰ˵ˣҩͺã
ŲҪҹܷ˿ڵ˼ҶҪ͹ˡ
һ£֮ǰī˵ˣҹҲͦεģҶҲ˸ī
˺ѵ˿ڣҶطһˣٹʱһж
룬Ҷ治ᣬǺ˳ֵġ


473

С׺С١侪ĿУҶСֺܿİѸī˿ߵıպ
Ǻ͵˿ڷַͨ࣬ǰѵײճ˿࣬Ȼ˿ڱպϵϼӡ
˿ڱպϣ̲ҪߣȻҲҪߡ
С١һԣһĻﾪҲǷŹ

С׸ǾȲѣϻֶ
ī㵣棬
죡
Ŷã
һҹܿ͹ȥ

С١ϿΣҶҲϰࡣ
СȻҹΣʤᣬҲûаƣۡ
ҹҲ¸īˡ
緹ãС׳ʰþͳϰˡ
С١˿Ҷ滹յķţԹԵĳ緹󣬰Լ˿αԺʶ
УίԺ
½Ȼʳó緹
ĺʶ˴к½Ȼ˰ЩεĶǣһ࣬һݳҪһ弦ʳһǣĬĬһ߳緹һ߻
һ½Ȼ̾һ֪ҶڰŸī
Ȼ֤īʲôԾ½ȻֱԼī˿϶Ҷйء
ҶйصģʲôС£ѵ飬ǸīŪģ
Ҳ԰鶼ȥˣīϵ˿ڵѪζԾ죬˵ʵˡ
ƽ죬˹ʧ˭Ҷ˶ھӰ죬ַΪֲӶ֣ûһ˵ĸûˡ
½Ȼüīȥܵˣ
ĳҶڰŸī½ȻΡ
׷飬пܻҶ泶ȥ׷顭
Ӧòôɵǣ˵ˣīôǸţء
֪@@¶ֱ¸ң֯мɣôһ룬½Ȼƺûôˡ
½ȻԹ緹ؼ£ûþ˯˹ȥ
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СأҶʰգС׽쿪ʼϰࡣ
ˣˡҶվ£ŴƬӶµˮʵʲôʱģ
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ţ㲻Ҫˣ㿴ʲôˣϴһá
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СʱʱС˺ܶ࣬һֳɡһ
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һҶС١æǰӹӣΪĺĴӣȻȵˤڵء
㣬ЩʲôЩΣС١æʵתƻ⣺ͦġ
Ҷ濴С١εĺյı飬Ц
һĳԵĶһЩƬӡз⣬ƬϺ
ЩҶӳĻײͣóװͿԣǷ㡣
ղһЩһݣһЩʱĹߺһЩ⣬ЩǲģܵģҲʮˡ
һ·ϣ˿Ҷɣ뵽Ҷ˼ʮĶ
Ҷ治ղˣԻǻġ
С١һѶװ̣С١ͭʱҶо˸īߣƫͷȥһҲճڴ档
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桭
˵ĺҶƿĿ⡣
īˣ
ԥһ£īû´Ҷ
ϴҲС١ˮøīڴϴġ
С١ƺ֪īʲôڣƵ㻹һĺãǽ㲻ˡ
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С١ͷ룬۾һתҡͷҲ֪ڻã㲻Ҫսĵˡ
īʲôҲû
ðɣŵˡ
һ˵ˡС١Ҷģһ£ʵĴţ֪ҶҪˣġ
˵ˣ϶ҪҩģԣӵȾˡ
С١ŸīϴͭҬӼҲˡ


474 һߵĸī

ҬӼҬ֭֮һˮһ󼦿飬ȻҬ⣬ȼˣȸīһݳȻҶźС١ǰĵˢ
ϺʵģһֻֻȥܿͷƮǣմϵƺõĽϣһһֻ
һƬƬģѾûˣ΢ӣȺĴ£ҧһڣۿɿڡ
ţģˢζܺãţƬζˢһҧ£ޱȡ
﷭ţҧһڣ֭ˮɽ˳һڶ
ƬҲǻرĳʳˢֺֿóԣһӼϼƬմ˽ϣĲҪҪġ
ҬӼһ룬ҲζȺ
ͭʳɢʳζ΢ʱ򣬸иоˡ
īԼͷһ׷һҬӼٿС١ֺǺǵĳԻҶ棬һơ
ĺأǴⲻ
ղ˷˸ҲС١ġ
Ҷ沢ܳԺܶ࣬ʵڣʳ֮֮ǰѾǶһЩˣʱ˱ǳˣҪҲǸʳ㣬ˮ㹻ʱʱĳԵʳʲôģҲѡ
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С١һҲûԼԺóԵģȴϰԹʳõΡ
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ǰ״ҳԱܳԱͺܺˣһֱԺóԵġ
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óԲ˭͸Ƥһýţһ仰С١ĬĬ˵ġ
ҶЦһ£Ҳû˵
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û뵽ʵϡ
ϸֻҪڣС׺С١ͻԴҲͷĲ棬˵ѡ
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ӣ֪ʳĲףϸǴ˷ѡ
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ī
С׻ĳһĶʱī͸ˡ
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ȻīûţҶС١ȥ⽻ݣīݣҶС١˷ֳݡ
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ɸīǱˣС׳ԵǺҶһĶҶصģĲˬ֪
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죬Ҷ˸īҩʱʱ䲢û̫ḵīīҪʲôҶ涼С١͡
С١Ǻģ֪ī˵УС١ҶȥӰ·ˡ
СҲ֪Լûտøī٣Ҫҩ⣬γڼտī
տտٴ˺˿ڣô˵ΣԣٻСףˡ
īƣ꣬ӴǿҶĻᶼûС
ÿҶҩʱ򣬶ʾԸ˵ôˣīܻϽ͡
ֻһίֱĶֱ˻ҩȥ
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Ҷǳɱ֣ճķ˶Ū˵ѪĲƷˣŪīûڶһ
ǣƷ黹СǷŽ󣬶С١Ȼϰȥˡ
ʱһС١ӹѲƷ˳īԡ
һΣīκεĻԹԵĳŲƷϾڡУ쿴ء


475 Լ

ȻÿһΣĵС١ܲܡ
ܣС١Ҳ;ܾˣЦͲý㲻īأ죬£дҵ֪࿪ء
ڶΣС١һۣʣ˵أ
ΣС١ͷ˵
ĴΣС١ȸīʣ˵ˣ㻹㻹ǵŰɡ
ī
Ҷ٣ȥϰġ
ٵԭǸīϾīڻԼС׵ĹԶС١ҲǴȥѧУԵģҶܻīͷ͸ɴ١
õλеĵλûʲôرæ飬Ҳ۹ʡ
īԭΪûбڣҶôҲˣ֪ҶɴԼ鿴ҪȻͶڷֿӰ˷㣬ѹû¶档
òףī˿ϣܱ´ʱҶҲϰȥˡ
졣
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緹СõģС١ʣµķڳţīֻҪóԾͿˡ
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ĻᰡСЦţĶŵ£ץץԴ˵ţⲻǻ
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īԣбСһۣ벻㣿
˵
Сƺ˸ī˼ЦǺǣţҾôһ˵û취Ҳ˵ˣҲûô߰
ī˵СµĺƤֻʵиһЩǮ𣿡
Уţ˵ģҶûֹѸīǮָǣСԼҲһЩǮ
ʵЩ˹̫ˣΪӲҪõдŪС¼ȸжܡ
ЩµƱȯǵʡƱȯСҲͳˡ
֮ǰҲû뵽һƱȯǸŸģǻḵֻ˵ϣС»ΪҪʲôأ֪һ뵽֣׼˸ġ
Ǿͺá
ԷûУûԾԼȥ˫ӣͷĳͲ˶˳īûżСŪʲô
СҲûпԼϴֵ֣˫ӣŵĳ⳴̨һ˳
ҲСĶ࣬ҪȻīֻСԼҪȻȥӪˡ
С³˼ڣЩֵʵţɩûڰ
ԸɩӵȻֻиһڣСʵЩԻ
塣
īһС£СҲӦɵǺǵЦš
ͷܵʱˡ
Сһ߳ţһߺ͸ī㱨γȥһﰵ⣬źɩӴˣԷҲ˹˹ĵģ١
֪ī֮Զ˹˿˺ˡ
ԹСŰԼĶһһ
ţǶǱߵɽ䣬¹ףʮҰɽΡ
īһСһǮСŪЩƷǧ࣬ʣµģʮһ٣ʵ̫ѣһЩġ
ڣһ飬ҲʣʮǮˡ
С°ǮݹīҡͷŰɣһ·ϻҲ١
ãţҡ
ˣš㶵ﻹǮһī˵ôطҲۻˣ⼸ߵдסţ㡭ȿȣССӸԵģúòһ
īе飬ΪҶ治³ǣڣҶǵģûȫҲʲôĺ塣


476 ߴߴС١

˿С£ī˼Сڣ᲻Ͷٴˣ
ϾڣԼҵ飬˿Ц
С²֪ī⡣
ʱСﰵ⣬ŸղҪɩ𣬻øû˵ɩҪȻһҽܻؼȥ
ӣɩķҪҽԺϴθİȻҲûԹҲ֪ˡ
ˣţⶼֵҸӵšС´ӿͳһ
һЩֵܲʶ֣ǿȻдġ
뵽ߵʱЩֵܲȽǲǲ㣬Ҫһ·ЩҪţȥڻվһֱ׷Ż𳵵𡭡
뵽һ˷ܵеӣ뵽ԼʱǿϲıеỨСЩ¡
Ҷ֪һ治ףһ鶼˵ǰһЩ飬һѵһһӣһȾƣһܷ
īǰһżÿҲ֪˵ʲô̾ĵͷΪˡ
ţһҲΪѣǣǡСºĻҲ˵ȥˣʱ˭أ𿴸һôǮҲǸŴ˺ܾõĽ
˭ʡԼùģҲûԴȣʡµǮһξ˲ٳȥˡ
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ǷģһжģԽԽõġ
ʱ򣬸īֻʧȻ󣬺ЦʵΪʲôô϶
Ҷ淴ʣѵ㲻ΪԺöŬ𣿡
˵ţҶɨһС£ְڸīϣ˵ôŬôףǼŻԽԽ𣡡
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СҶ棬ǻ棬ˡ
Ҷ°Сڣȷ͸īԤСµϣ˼仰
С³ҶݷŰʱĵüײײīиоĸīɨһۣС¾æͣˣǲʵţǲɩ˰
īô
㸵īûӦС´ӸīıﻹЩ̲סҪ͵֣ôɩӲأΪʲô
ɩӲˣܿİ
ǴΣϢĻСƤһæҡͷûУûС
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īһûò
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īۿ˿С£ƣҲ˰ô͹С£Ĺء
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С١Сһڳǰæָӡ
ҽ㰮Դ׷ʳˣ
һ̳⣬ǴＹ𣿡С١ʰգСҡͷƲҸͻᣬôôˣҲᡣ
Сһ飺˭涨һˣҲûԹأô
аɣʲô
С£һĲġ
ȻС١Щһ£ǿͷ
ֻǣСµĲʱûסļκͣ
У㲻óԡ
Сһɻ󣬿˿С١ֿ˿׼õͼ⼦˰˸ˣð˸ĸҲ㣬ܲóԣ
ƺ֪СµĲ⣬С١һҡͷһǰԽǼ򵥵ĲˣԽҪ
㳴ֻͼƷ֮ܳΪһ㶼óԣ̫˷ˡ
С±С١ѵһһ㶵ģûסͷתſڣ͸ī
ţСҲ̫ëˣ˳Ըѣôô߶ء


477 äĿ

С١֪Сµץ񣬻Ľš
ȰѴȵĵҺһϸγסһϸξͺãܳˣȻٰȥƤŹﳴͲҪ̫࣬Ҳ̫ʡˡ
İˣٰѼŽȥһ𷭳֭ˮһЩǣͿˡ
СԣĿɿڴǵһ֪Ҫôಽ裬ѵͼһ鶪ͺ
ô˺滹Ҫǣ
˻÷ǣҲ̫˷˰ɣ
ַΣǵʲôζܳ
Сⲻ˼ı飬С١ûֳ˸û취ԣ˵ĳ
С١Ȼղ˵Ĵ࣬ɺҶסôãҲᾭڳæԼĶˣҲѧˡ
ǲģôԳԣС١ɲҶΪڸвöθڲѡ
⡭Сԥһ£ǰɻ˳
ǵģܳ𣿡
С١ճ鴤һ£ߵôܣǾԵġ
С١˵ļᶨС°Űɣ˵ʲôС١Ѿæ
С±ѹԥʼС١Ҫ
ǵʱСĵѹϼϵƿƿ޹ô࣬鶼ôõİ
ʱС١һժϴˣһ߶߶˵úúҪȻҽԲ˼ڣ鷳Ļ㡣
֮ǰС١СڷҲǲģͳˡ
˵ʱǳŲҰѵģʲôýģܳԱͲˡ
Ҷ治һеռĶ㹻ôô
ͬʳģȻǾϸҪΪζˡ
Сһ뵽ʲôҲæĵͷ
ɲǣɩӳԵˣſ϶ᵣĵģȻ϶Ҫùˡ
ƺС¶ܿԼһĻˣǸŻ˶ãʲôֵ֪ȻɩӳԲãһἯ峰Цġ
ҽ˵ˣζʳúܺãԣһҪӳʳĵζŪĺʳһ
⻰Сһͷ
ɩӾɩӣĻ⻰˵ζ
ȻҶ治ղˣҲӰС١ĳݣ˵˵ĻСԺǾȸԾ
ϺأСѾԼ뷨ˣʸŵСӺˣϾղôһζǺ˲٣һʳָ󶯡
Ҳ֪ɩȥŪĴϺͷʡ
һ뵽ղҶصسţΪŪЩʳģС¼Щ˼־ůůġ
С١˵һԸǺãԣѾȥϺߵϺ˵ߣظˮȻ˼һ£ͱɣϺʣнЩ϶ȫٺòˡ
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ҸϺһ£ѴнС׽ˡ
СһʼŪС١Ҳûš
ڣȹͣȻϺϺ峴潹죬תС𣬼ԳԣʱͿԼ뽪ĩƬͻС׽󿪴ѸԳˡ
ԣҪԳðѲҪȻһϺ׽
̨ЩߣС١ԱһΪһ׼һʱʱż⿴һ¹
죬ʱһǣΣٰСжηŽȥͿԳˡ
ⱬϺǵҶСģС١ҲһţֿԼΣҲϤˡ
С°ѴϺʢ̵ʱС١һĹֹһˮȥ϶ʮӾͲˡ
С˳㿴һٿС١а۵ģһݴʦģզ࣬СôʳҲɩˡ
һͺܺúȣСȻ緹˲٣ᾹȻҲü
¶ӽлᶪˣСæѹ¶ļתעʵ
ײ˾Ϳ˰ɣС¾ãԼܲײҲаɡ
С١һ£˵Ⱥ˵˵ײ˶ôġ
һС١⻰С֪ˣ⳴ײ˹ƻ˵
ңҾ͡ҾôİôҾôСЩᣬ⳴ײ˻ô𣿣
ˣ⻰Ҿû취ġС١εҡͷҽɣҲѣѧˣԺҲܸϱ
С£һʮСӣ˵⻰
С١ɲСµΣѾһĿʼ
ҶԼĶЩЦ
īһԣҶҲá
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ҶʱҲϷ˺üԣٴγ￴ȥЩǣ


478 

šīͷŪԷЩʱ䡣
оߣҶתͷöֻī۴֮⣬ƺ˵ʲôίĲ֪˵ʲô
˵īԼܳȥҶҲû˵ģҲûôοⶼȥˡ
ôʲôҶЩڣʲô˵ͺá
⼸죬Ҷǵһô͸īһ飬īǧҡҶ棬ıŻһЩ
棬ˣ𣿡
ī⼸첻ңҿѹˣƵģ
һ˵˵ЩֻҶһû˵
֪ҲԣӦõģǣܲԭһΣԺһˡ˵īֵһЩҾȥС¥֪ǶûʲôΣա
֪˵һҾɢ͹ȥˡ䣬Ҷ治ˬߣƺ˵ٺԡ
ī￩һʵ˵ˣ棬ң֪϶ȥסģر塣
ǾðҲûʲô飬ţȥû뵽˵
ǳһ
Ҷûİһ۸īǧֻһĨ̾Ϣ
ӺſڣīҲżģҶûأαҪԼֶء
棬Ҵˡ
īԹϴģҪǱ˿һᾪ°͵ġ
@@ŵĸī˭֪Ӳᣬϴ
ֵʹûϴ֡
Ҷ滹˵ʲôԸīϴٶĻҲ˵ˡ
οīҲֻǳţʱѾ˲٣ֻҪС߶Ҳû£ƫƫײ½ȻҲǡ
Ҷ棺Ҳˡ
̫࣬ʵҲûй㣬ҾǾãңҲšҶ治ôﱯˣֻǿŸīǿѹʹĺ½ȻЦȾƣͲ
ݣΪɲҪġ
īҶ滰Σס֣۵棬ô룬ҷã˺ܶࡣ
һһ٣ϱ֣أ㲻֪û֮ǰɵùˣţҲˣϵ˰ж٣ʹʹûˡ
Ǿˣ
īҡͷǣɲ㡣棬㿴ǰʮΣ㣬Ѿ˺ܶܶ˰һˡ
ҹƣҪ̫ùˣһҲûеġ
֮⣬ҵùеأҲûһӵľȺҡ
Ȼ֪οĻҶɢ˲١
ҶüɫһЩīźܲ١
棬㲻Ҹ鷳ˡ
Ҷʲôʲô鷳𣿣
ŸīģҶЩ־úЦ˴˶ԼԷ鷳һ룬ƺ鷳ء
Ҳ֪᲻Ḻ
С֪㡭
֪ҶҪʲôīҡͷһ۳ķѹ͵û˵
黹ǲ˵ˣҪȻٲҪдֱ棬Ҳûʲô飬˾ͺȫˣûӰ졣
Ҷ֪˼˵ͷҲûˡ
ī֪ͻû취úˣΪñ֪ˣֻñţһ鷳
ҲΪźҶ˲һķչ
ȻǺˡ
С±ϾûСôϤС١ָ£õʱҲ
˵ڳС¾鷳ɵһķ˺ԼĲͬɫζȫһĻС̲סNɪ
ٺ٣ţġСºٺֱЦȸīӦͼ˵;ζ
һС١ճ˳飬²ۣҶԱ߶ţְֵĽˣŪãҲ̫ûˡ
պòνҽθںòãǲҪġ
С²֪С١뷨ΪԼЩ˶Եá
ʱϰĲһϺ⳴⡢ײˡ㶹ʳǰ׻ĵ峣Ĵ׷
īҲû̫С£ɨһۺ󣬿϶˵ͦõģ֮ǰŪСˡ
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ԺʱСиīСζֻ˵ˣܳԣǺóû취ָˡ
С١ԣ̧ͷ˿СһۣȻû˵ʲôСڳѭѭ̵һĻ


479 Ӹļ

ԼС١Ҫܶ࣬С١Դֲʲôôʮ꣬Ҫӵ
ȿȡСε˼ÿС׻æã˺ˣСҲˣóԷ
СڣС֪ˡ
СʶĿ˸īһֹۣûбֳʲô׵ģƺûûʹ֪īûС֪顣
кС׷ԼĿ׼ϴֳԷ
ҶɱõϳҲͷ׷ˡ
ΪڳС١̵ʱ˱СµҲû˼Ⱦƣ˵ˣҶҶ治ŻСҲ᲻ǡ
οŻҲЩˡ
С¶յģȻС١һϾԼģſ˲С³Ե̵ġ
īԵ嵭С²һ䣺ţϺô԰
ϺǱģǹ˻ָܳԺʣҪȻС١ҲѴϺˡ
ҳҩأʳī֪ԼϵҩζС¿϶ŵˣСʣ󷽷˵
Сһ뵽֮ǰī˵飬˵鱨ʾûʲôˣⶫҪúõģҲû롣
Ǹţ嵭ģ㶹
֪ܲܳԣСµ⳴ϣ룬û˵
ҶһԽӻƷҲˡҿûŹǣŪŹ
ʱ䣬ǼɿһЩĺá
ʱɲŪ˭п⣬ǽżͶԵģܳһڰڣˣС¾ãɩҲȱԺȣҲУżȻˣǾͽһˡ
С١æ̧֣㣬ӣкüء
ҶЦãоͺá
òϿΣӰˡ
ãС١ˡ
С١ͷĵЦţСЩСɩǰôСһڳʱôôأ
Сֻ֪ҪҶ飬С١ûġ
һٷ˿һСʱ
СС١ϴˢȥˣС±Ҳȥŵģô˵ˣҲǺܶ࣬Ҷ֪ϻ𳵻Ҳˣûá
ϣ˵Ż
С¿쵽ŵʱߵġ
ǰСڽݲƷ룬֮ǰŪЩɩӳԵģɩӵ˼ЩأЩһ壬ҪȻٴһЩͲˡ
ǰ𿴸ڻᣬɸŴС˿ɲ٣ῴž񲻴ҪʹһЩˣЩ˻ɲǺܵġ
ɩӣɩӺγ۸ء
С£ʱˣãЩʱԣúòһ塣Ҷ棺ҿɲаˣҽԺҵ
Ҷ˵ʱ򣬸īһԾĿڣ棬ûô
ʲôУٴͲˣҲû󰡡
죬ܴһͷţǹأĿֲͲڵģ֮ǰ˵ʱ˲ѪԪҪġ
СҲæͷ԰ţɩ˵Ķԣɲܳǿ
оīΣյСһȴǼ˵ȿȣţҵ˼ǣ㲻ΪԼǣҲΪɩӿǰɣܲܣԺҪɩΪ嵣ģһѺ˻չɣ
䣬СͻȻоīĿһЩﲻΪԼĻޡȻ˵ɩӣžûвġ
棬ģһúõԺ󲻻ͺܿġ
Ҷԣǳ鴤һ£ʲôӣ˵ĺѾ޸һǡ
˸īһۣҶû˵Լͺã֮ҪôԼҪôˣҴӸļޡ
˭Ҷ⻰ǶСµͷϲ˵С١С˶һۣҲ˿ĬĬĳţֻиīðֲöҶ淢
˭ңұ
䣬ī˵ˣҲܱ
˵ʱ򣬸īСһۣƺ˵ڣСЩ˿ԻҶġ
㣡
ҶȥԼݱƤ裬ö㿪˸ղſڲԵΣЩȣվӶ֪һˡ
īҲӦҶղ˵ʲôĵЦˡ
Ȼ֪ǻҶ滰ϻ˵ģﻹ̵ġ
С뿪ʱ򣬻ԼҶں͸ī˵ʲôȻǸīǿԼܺãٴһЩҲʲôõġ
ᣬСƺЩʲôǽɩ˵


480 479

īҪ֪Сµĺ֪һһۣϻԸϲ˾㲻а
оСѾԶˣҶͷŻੲݵĸīڣīô֪ô˵ء
ţī΢סһûӦ
üӺףҶ˵̫ˡ
ҪڣҶͷˡ
𣬸ϽҩϢȥҶ棺˵úˣ͸ҶϢǳԱ˯ף
īԹԵͷ˵һ䣺棬治ңһú壬Ͳġ
Ҷ棺
û˵ҶˣɳĮһŷһͷɳǵ飬ۼġ
˵ҶǸʱܲڣҲĹīѸ͵ٶȺֵ׻˵ġ
ˣȥԷҽˣҪϢС׸㻻ҩ
ҩˣ
һ⻰īЩʧ䣬ɿЩƣۣʱˣ棬ȥϢԼչ˺Լģ㲻õġ
áҶӦգ׼ط䣬һ£ƫͷС˵Сףͱҵķˣ˯һᣬѹҪ緹ˡ
С׻ûӦС١æ˹еʵ
㲻𣿡
Ҷ棺ûУǾЩۣ˯һ
С١ĶҶ濴ָоֵ¶ȲûʲôԾģŷĵĵͷǽ˯첻ϿΣڼ㡣
áҶЦգԴֿһԸīһ㣬˵䣬Ҳͻطȥˡ
īһֱˢڸеС١еҪǽȥͷҲһѡ
Ҷ֮Իۣ£Ȼ˵ҵ˰ĵֳдһĲϺ֤˵ڣЩ鶼ģɴϣʲôҲ
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Ͽǳܷģôã˶Լͬͳ־ϣһ˵ˣͷϽңҵ˸Ͻȥ
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Ҷ档ľ׶ؽׯ԰ʱҶΪѲʷ꽻ӣ·壬ҽܵׯ԰
ҶڲҹŰŮ£Ҳ壬²
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֮Ի֪ôǹڵҲһнڷ׷Ϊҿģڵʱһ׮̸
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Ҷ˲ŮҶһ£˰Ůչ˵ĺܺãǳԺ˯ֻҪŮ飬Ϊ
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Ϊ˱Ҷ棬ҶϷס͹ĵطûСʱƬͻֻҶճʱһƬѡ
ƬҲ½ȻϳҶݡ
½ȻʱҶԼһ¡¿½Ȼ룬½Ȼøһж½Ȼܽ˶ϴˡ
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飬ôôɡ
Ҷ֪ԼǴӺģڱ˶ҶϷ򸾵ŮʱҪΪˡ
ǵùҶ棬Ѳɣˣ
Ҷִϣ˼ȴԶܾЩֵĵطûס
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯ŵģҶ۾ʱѾˡ
𴲻·˷׼ȥϴͼС١СĶڷֲǰƺоʲô
ôǷ泤ˣԼԺˡ
СС˶ǽǣþһģ͸СĢһҶ濴ŲúЦ


481

С١ŤͷһҶѾѹˣ¶ĵЦ
㣬˰
㣬淢ѿ˲ء
С١ϲҶŲһת߹ȥһǵЦݸˡ
ǡ
һҲЩǻῴС١ҲȤһѣû뵽汻ˡ
С١
Ҷ䣬С١Цĸˡ
㣬һڿ콽ˮʩʵģȳˣͿԳ
Ҷ沢ָŷԣС١ôģҲſ
ҶϴãͼС١ӳ˳һ
㣬Ե⽵ӡ
ȻҶ˵˲緹ٹСʱҪ緹ˣС١ǸҶһ⽡
ҶЦЦǶԹ˰ɣ
ߵˡ
ţҽ͵ˡ
С١ԣæҡͷŲǣۻˡ
ҶС١˵˼䣬ֵʵôڼңأ
˵īڣôǡ
磿
粻һϰȥ
С١һ㶣Ȼ˵˭
ȥˣС¸Ҵ磬˺ʲô飬ȥˡ
ڣС١ϰߺī磬īС١С׶ĳƺҲ⡣
ʱҶ濴Ŷ֣һ븵īݣҪôóȻС١СϣҲв鷳飬ˣ֤ʲôģŪͷۡ
ԣڣҲû˵ʱС׻Ằī磬С١һֱĸ硣
룬С١˵ֻ˵ҪȥһᣬҲû˵ʲôʱҵȽʱ򣬸߽㣬עġ
ҶͷҲˡ
ԹҶǧһᣬС١ϸĵ罽ˮ
ûīֵҲðѿˡ
СʱҶīûлԼԱ裬ȻС١קǮܳȥˡ
㣬Һܿͻ
һ̾ԶˣҶ溰㣬ˤˡ
С١ͷҲأԶԶĴģ
С١ʱҶѾ׼õķ˶˳
⡢峴ݫ˿նŹʳʲ
ϵķʱС١һ£ųȥʮӶѡ
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㣬Щˡ
ƺ֪С١ҪʲôҶȻǰˣģΪһ
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ҶͷҲŪҲǰԼ˵ģڣܳϡϴβ˵Ժ𡣡
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㣬ҡ
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أûУ̫ˣýôġ
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㣬ҲóԵģֻǣֻǡС١һӲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ǳûӿռóһЩС١ôҶ治֪ÿ޻ǸЦ
ˡҶԴͷͮͮ۾ԲԲСһҶġ
㶼˵ԼСˣܶͿޱӡ
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С١æ̧ͷִֵңҾǻᱣ㣬һֱһֱġ
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С١æҡͷ㣬ûж룬Ǿá鶼ˣǹҸԵģңҾ̫ˡ
ҶҪ˵ʱ򣬴ƿˣīСһǰһĽ
С١ڳģһ㶡
С¿˿С١ֿ˿Ҷ棬ĵѵǸųţɩӲˣ
īȴ룬С֪ۣôǰء
ôˣ
Ҷ滹ûӦС١æĨᣬûʲôɳӽ۾ˣڸҴɳء
䣬С١ֶҶ㣬񴵳ˣˡ
ҶԣֻС١ǲ뱻īС¿ЦϾʮСҲ֪ҪӵģҲ͵ĵͷǾͺá
ҶȻö԰԰ڣ԰԰ҽӦרҵһЩС¶ˣҶҲ͵ͷīȥ
ɩҶ£ãеҪŽڣҪҩܲܰȥҩС˵ţֵ˵ɩӣŲñ֪ϻˡ


482

ҲøīûҶĩڵӣҪȻһ˵ƵĻ
Ҷıϵ֮Եȼôߣɱɥʬġ
Ȼǰǹܰҵܾʯ棬Ժ͹һƴɱɥʬȡܾʯ
С١Ҫ֪ī۶ӣһ
ɩӡСǺҶк
ôˣīʡ
Ҷ滹ûӦС١æĨᣬûʲôɳӽ۾ˣڸҴɳء
䣬С١ֶҶ㣬񴵳ˣˡ
ҶԣֻС١ǲ뱻īС¿ЦϾʮСҲ֪ҪӵģҲ͵ĵͷǾͺá
С١ģĻСˣīֻǿ˿С١û˵ʲô
ǻãԷɡ
ɩӣȥС»䣬ȴС١Ѿϴ֣ƿղҶ˴Ĳˡ
īֵĿڣģ
⻰ʵС١Ͼ˭֪Ҷ׷죬οôӡķˡ
ҶϻһĨΣûĵ˸īһۣģԲԡ
С١Ѿϴ״ŸīüŪ۵˸ȻĺҶ棺㣬
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СĬĬӣ̧ͷ죬ĵȻСӺͽе㻥࿴˳۵ġ
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СҲˣҶ治ͬ˳٣Ȼǲ٣ǿĹǮ
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๤ǮԼţʲôʲôøҡ
С׵ͷ˿ǮҶ㣬ûʲôҪġ
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Ժ棬滹߲ˣҶ㶼ûǮżȥʳվʳһҲ£Ǯ
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С룬ƺûʲôǮĵط
ȵķúҶǮˣˮյʱϰ಻ڣҲҶ㸶ġ
ǰѧͽһʮĿĹʣҪϸţҰѣɽҰζòܺС١ǿӡ
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Ҷ棺Ǯҹֲ٣ңҲòꡣ
뵽īȥʾԼĹʺ󣬻ҲֱӸҶЩѲɣǾ̫ỨǮˣ
ЩԺã˺ܶǮûһǮ
ԣȷ˵ǮǻˣǴԽǰģóЩܳԵĴõģҶӿռóġ
Ҫ˵ҲͻҶһʱӿռ﷭
ڹư裬Ҷ˵ЩҲΪĩ׼ʱǣĩ׼һЩܲдһżæŵģ˭ʱϴˢطʱʰ룬һµľˡ
û뵽ﵹˡ
ɶҪҵȯģֵĲճɻûء
СֻҶĹܺãȴ֪ж
úš˵Ҷֻõ֪ûһǮϰߣţұȽһǮȱǮˣҪ
⣬ðɡС׼Ҷʵڲգֻ㬵İǮ˵һ䣺Ҷ㣬ҾǾãòǮ˵ţʱҪʲôҲǮá
ҶԣЦˡ
ãģǮ˵ˣҲûʲôҪİ
СһûʲôҪǵҲûپˡ
Ҷ㣬ǵãûǮһҪҪ
áҶЦӦˡĵһûǮҾûǮˣȥתһȦʲôǮ˰
Ȼ⻰ҶҲֹֻû˵
뵽ҶǮҶҲûգСƺôˡ
С˵Ҷ˫ģϾŮ˵𣬺Ůͬ־ϲ
Ҫҵȯ֮ǰûйҵȯģΪʽһаţǲģҶ淢Ĺҵȯ٣ҲûʲôҪĵطָš
С֮ǰǮŹҵȯҶ˫ࡣ


483

ҶˣҲûС׿īС´ĸ˿ʱžԼ಻Ҷ档
СҲʣֻЩԼȻûҶϲĶ
Ҫ֪ҶǸС١׼˺ܶණţһͶ͵ôʣ̫ûˡ
С١ǿԼʧ䣬ĵҶ档
㣬࣬㲻ϲ𣿡
ôˣҶ治⡣
ö˶˵ģôˡ
С١Ϊϴθ˫࣬û㴩ء
ӣȵȹҶһСæط䣬һᣬóһӣ˿ࡢࡢάȣȻ󷭳С١ָС׺͸ī
Ҷ˵û̫ˣ֮ǰˣûˣҪǲ˵ҶûЩ
ʵҶ治ǲ֪С׵ĺģһҲô˵˳š
С͵ģҶ涼תˡ
ڣͷĳء
С١ӣֿҶǹƻжʮ˫ӵĴһۣǳ˳飺㣬Ҳ̫˰ɡ
һ⣬㲻ʲôܶܶģҲѹִ½ûǮء
꣡ҶַߣЦŹص͵͵ҿҵŪġ覴ƷлᵱȻҪŪһˡ´ŪҲ֪ʲôʱˣȻжŪˡ
覴ƷʱеĳƺӦ˵ʱ󹤳Ķвϸģ֮Ϊ覴Ʒ覴ƷܾǴīһ΢˻ϸˣ޻ܾޱʽˣϳܾȾɫЩˡ
ÿвСŪ覴Ʒʱ򣬶Щ覴ƷǲϼģɶˣҲϧ
ЩⲻصģƥޱʲôģڲˣǻԭһǮߡ
ͷ˭Ů죬ƥɫһôˣܱȲǿǣޱٷͺˣ˵ԼҸ˭ޱô
覴ƷŲôûйϵˣŪŪء
ҪȻô˶˹ٲ˵ʱ򹤳иָҲŪһ㡣
ٹۻԱǰٻ¥ۻԱһ֪覴ƷҪԼᣬ˵
ȻҲ취ҹϵйϵһġεȻϾһء
С١һȻͷҲ㣬֪
С׺͸īԺȻҲҶĻõС١ֵһһʮ˫Ӻ󣬷һ£û覴
Ҳûɵɵʣⶫû覴أȻ˵覴ãû覴Ҳý覴á
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ҪǸī˿ڻָĺãһֱעû⣬ҶҲôŵġ
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ҶҲǶٶٶԵĺãϾռеʣɱϾСڣҪûһ˼ɵĳԣٻ˾ù֡
ҶҲֻиī˵ʱõ˵лȣȴҲֻǼ򵥵ǼҪôһ㡣
ǲϾīš
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ԣҶûôϺ⣬Ҳû˻ȡ
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ٲÿͱǲˣ
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ѾСʱˣߴ粽ãһʼֵģ˫ɤӶˣôŶ档
֮ԶţΪģΪˮ
ĵۿҪˣȴƫƫûˡ
оũоóҪϴˡ
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ţ޴һҪϴ󺵣ͽȻû£˰ҹ͵ˮˡ


484

棬ҡ
ֹҶȻ˵㲻ú˵Ҷġ
üͷģضʲôɵ飬ĸʱˣбġ
ҶԽô£īԽܡ
Сûþ뿪ˣīǧϳҶ棬룬˹ȥ
ǧ߾ӣǸīΪҶ澭ǧصذ˷ģǧŪûˣīҪҶ棬ǧġ
£īĴ׵ݸҶ棬棬Ҫˡ
ҶԣȲľٶһ¡

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īһصͷ棬һġ
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˵пռʯڣ˿ϵĺܿ죬ڿռʯѾˣǰִժ
Ҳ֪᲻Σա
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֪ǰ浱㣬ҶҲνǽ㣬ǽͺˡǴ磬ʵû취񶨵ġڽ㣬ԺҪĿڵġ


485

Сһţ֪˸ī˼û֨ȴĬĬ뷨ûҶʲô֪ء
ֲǳҶ㲻ڵʱ˵ҶҪڣ˼Ƥ˵
ҲҪھ͸ĿڣҲڣǴɩС١ĵĿУīͣһ£׻΢һ˵δĴɩҲǲġһ˵ġ
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˵Ǽ޸ң㻹ܼһĺã˵ΪĲΪòڣ޸˱ˣȻԺйϵĺã
С١ŲӣɤӺŲ᲻Ҫҡ
ܽ޲ˣ᲻Լġ
ҪǼ˺ӣŴСӵģᱣǣֺóԵġ
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أ㣬ôãŲءסﶼãʲôУҲûϵǣϲ㣬ܺúܺá
ˣĺãͻῪģϵҲûϵֻҪĺá
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īȻ֪ԼЩɣôȥ֪ʲôʱŻһҶ汻˹ˣ޶ûطޡ
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ŶīĿĴɣӦһ
ҶҲ֪ܴʲôԣ뵽ʲô͸
Ըīְλ㶫Ӧò֡


486 Сɰ

ҲýġС١Ӧī˼ŭҽֲɵŲϲĵءҡ
īĻߵŮҵ˼飬˵ġ
˵⻰ī͸ˣɲܣǧɵ
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򣬱۸
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ĸ˸۸㣡
磬Ҳģ԰ɣ
С׵ͷȻ
֪Ǵ˵ѹС١ģС׻ʵĻӦˡ
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īߵЦһ£ǳǳĳô˵ûԺ飬˭֪ء
С١һܻҽ㲻ġڲڣҶһԼϲ˼˵ġ
֮⣬һŽ㣬Ϊ㡣
СһĬĬĿһĻεҡͷҶ㲻ڣҪȻС١Ļ϶Ҫˡ
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Ҳί㰤򣬱۸С١˵ţۿЩˡ
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Ҷˣᣬ鲻ᷢġ۸˾ͲˣֲʲôĴСá
˵ˣСôõĵܵܣĸ˸е۸ء
С١ԣ쿪ĵЦˣţģһԶվڽߵġ˭۸㣬Ҿһܿͳģġ
СҲһԿĵЦţûС١һһֱҶõģûдڣҶԺһֱǽ㻹Ǳɩӡ
ȻҶûҪС١ȥˣɿʾԼֱϵļ⣬ֺЦů͵ĺܡ
īһԳ鴤һǣ˵С첲Сȵģʲôʱ򶼱Ĺҡ
С١֪ī˼һԼ˵꣬˵㣬ڻСһ᳤ģ۸˱Ҵܶ࣬ϵģʱҴˣͲˣҵʱİשһһ׼
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ЦˣҶС١գ˵ҪϹ룬ҸǴʲôˡ


487 ܾ

С١ЦˣҶӰͳƿ̲С١СһһƿԼһƿ˲ܣ̵ĺ
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Ҷ濴һۣĵⱭǿɽģҲûζҪȻһζĻɾˡ
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С층īյ籨뿪󣬵ڶҸī˵һ飬ͻʡˡûؼزӵ׼
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С١ܿдҵһԺˣָҶ˱裬͹ȥģųţͱ׼ŵСֹˡ
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ˣߵķϣҽͲˡ


488 һ

īҪ֪С١죬һˣƨ˭ʱҶȥٻ¥ģڼʵ˵ֱûбᶾ
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˵ĶԻҶЩͣů
ʵû֪С͸ī˵飬ˣֻм򵥵ļ仰Ҳ㹻Ҷ³οֽҲûб
ҶϰʱʲôҲûɣͷֽϣĴһЩܻõϢ
ΪĿǰǱ״̬ҶҲ֮ǰһЩϢͱֽһЩһƲѡ
ڶһ硣
ҶˣѾƽǴ˶˺ܶ࣬ҷ׷׻˳䡣
Ҷһɫһɫİȹһ˫װɫѥ
С١С׵װҶʵ͸ˣڣûǴǴŶ䡣
ҶһʣС˵䣬Ҳû˵ˡ
С׺ʱæˣ緹׼īŪһЩ·ϳԵĸ
ҶҲ磬˰Сʱ
СæʵһЩͷŵĸƬⶡһ㡣
Ҷ㣬ģ׼
Ҷ΢һ£СõϸҲͲ˵ˡ
ȻЩȻû취ѹɡͷĶȣ·ϳǿԵġ
øīϴҶȥϴǰ˵īҸһЩˮҲϡ
īΪҶõʵˮ֪طһſҶ˵ˮһһĸˮɡ
һˮҲ֪ôģЩ۽ƵĹɲͬī֮ǰҶɳĮͳԹɺǱһûʲôˮ֣άͦġ
µû߲ˮԣȱάأһˮѹװģ״ţīҲûоܾ
С١ҪԳԹ緹ҪȥѧУˡ
˼κ󣬹īǰ̧ͷңҪȥѧУˡ
šī޵Ӧһ
㣬·עⰲȫúñأȻȻ󡭡עⰲȫɡС١Щڵ˵Ҫˡ
ҪȻᵣĵģһ䣬С١˵ġ
īС١ǲڵģֱϵĺߣӦš
ˣС١״һ仰ܳ˼ҡ
Ҷ濴ɵĶһ䣺С١㣬ʱ仹磬ˤˡ
ã
С١īεҡҡͷ
һ緹Ҷ͸īСһԵġ
С׺ܿ꣬īȥˡ
ҶһϺȣֿ̧һֱ׼ʰϰȥˡ
īߣҶٳһֱϡ
˻һЩڣҶ沢ûк͸ī˵̫࣬ͺƽһ
ֻСʱʱĴӳ⿴Ҳûʲô
Ҷ汳ϰһվԺ
ͷͳ˺ܳһأ֮ǰȾͷѾ½޼˲٣ββǰزһķɫɫӱ
ûżţҶ濴īöӵĿ⡣


489 

Сִӳ͵͵飬ÿҶ͸īӲһĻ
ĬĬ͵Щ֪ľãԼڼңƺеû
ǣ˵ȥͣ᲻һЩ
СգûпأҶͿˡ
ī
ţ
ǵã
Ҷû˵̫࣬仰øī쿪ĵЦţƺЩ鶼ˡ
һģ棬һܿͻġ
Ҷǣдһ˿˿ãӦãȥϰˡ
㡣
Ǹī˺󣬵һο˵ҪҶȥϰࡣ
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ϰϰֵϵɫҴżϰˣֻҶ͸īš
֪ģ͵ͼݸǰ
ī̧ͷһۣĵĿ찡
棬ȥϰɣһȥˡ
á
Ҷ滰䣬ȴûתȥīҲû뿪
㿴ңҿ㣬Цˡ
ôվǰһᣬҶſڣīȥȥˡ
ʵϰʱѾȥʮˣѾվſʮˡ
īͷãȥɡ
е̺ͲҶЩᣬ˵ʲôƺֺ˵ʲôûõĸоҪȥҲΡ
Ҷ滹ûнȥŸī˵īӦңע壬ˡ
īͷ
У㡭Ҷһ£ҡͷˣ֪ģҾͽȥˡ
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īվͼǰ̨£ҶıӰһʧЩȻʧվ˺һᣬתߡ
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С׿ĸīһĨǳЦʱЩĪⶼҪˣôܸ˵أ
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ѵҶʹ˵ʲôˣ
Сһ߲ţһʰ
ҪѾŪĲˣֻȷкװøīϾͿˡ
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ϳ󣬸ī˸λ£ͳҶҩƷ˵Ŀ
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뿪Ѿˣī۵飬ܴһߣУǵط̫ΣˣԸƽúõġ
ͻȻЩī̧ۿȥ˵ʲôв߼ƺڿʲô
ǣī˳ŴҵĻ̨ȥ
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ôˣ
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ʱѣҪߡ
īæѳ̧𣬶Ҷ֣棬桭
棬ôˣ
û뵽Ѿ˵˲͵ˣˡ
ǳѾҪǳＷϳ˻вûλϣЩӵȥīҪ³ˡ
ҶҲû뵽ԼֻȥԷʱԼڰ칫סﷳ꣬Ǿ͸ɴ˳뷨վˡ
̨Ʊ̨Ϊ֪īĸᣬҵеʱ䣬ҵ𳵾Ҫˡ
Ҷ濴ˣҪչ¶ЦݵģɼīĻ֣üͷɵΪֵļͷ˿ڵġ
īǺ˽Ҷģһüô£æڨڨİַ¡
Ҷ״ǣ˫úøīҲſ
ڻҶԽ̨еīߡ
棬㲻˵
ҶĻ㡣
áīԣ쿪ĵЦš
һ·˳硣
īصͷá
ڻҶҲŻ𳵵ƶ̨ߴ󲽵š
棬ˣһġȻᣬīǿˣ᲻ÿҶŻܣҲȫ


490 ɵ

̨ϻ˸ŻܵģīҶᱻײ
šҶӦգû٣ǣҶѸٵİĶīУ㡣
ī
ҶվŸīԶȥ
𳵴ķͷȹҲ˷硣
һĻøī۾Щɬ
ȿ̨Ҷʱ򣬸īŴģһеĶ
⣡
īüͷֻﱻҶģһʯӡ
ȷ˵һռʯ
Ҷдӿռ﷭ģ󣬺СһʼΪǸī֮ǰǸһǸСĶˡ
ִпռʯռʯֱȽСȻҶ治֪ģЩǴӸīĿռʯһΪġ
ȻҲֻҶĲ²ѡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôŻ𳵿ŸīֲʱҶ¶µģһתʹӿռռʯȡˡ
ռʯܸʾռʯ˿ϱʱ죬ôˡ
ҪǸīҶռʯʱпϵִڣڿ϶һվ³ƽǰʯӽҶġ
Ǳ˭֪ʯӶҶ˵жҪ
ǰʯһΪ˰ɣ
ī⣬ʯӺܼӲſһ£沢ûκαƿĺۼ
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ī뵽ղſҶɫûκβõӣ΢΢һ
Ҷѹ֪Լѿռʯīøīôĵǣ֪ҲΪ˸īռʯطꡣ
Ǹʱ򣬸īѾһϢˡ
ȻǺˡ
ѾʧҶЩ˵ıơ
վ̨ߣ˺üӣת뿪̨˻վ
ƺԽʱûʲôҶƳһ۲ʱ֪ͨͱ֪ͨѰ¸ˡ
һƺһֲһ
ҶصͼݵʱҲûżذ칫ңһЩϡ
ӣһкĺûʲô
ī뿪С١Сڲ˯ˣ˴ɨʰһ£طȥ˯
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ڼ䣬ҶΪ˴ʱ䣬С١֯ë¶ˡ
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Ҷǧϣ̧һۇNɪС١ЦˣëǮ
㣬ˡС١ͣNɪë£ϸķźãȻ˹ȥҶרĵĵë߳ӡ
СС١ͣͣеסֻҪǶļꤣ϶һĵܵġ
С١һѧУ棬صңǰ񣬾ǹԹԵдҵпġ
ȻҲûʲô޷Ǿɨɨأٽˮˮˮ׷۲ϴˣϴϴ·
Ҷ治ûС١ȥ棬С١Ը⣬Ҳûٰˡ
㣬Ҫ֯һ𣿡С١ʰգ˵㴩ɫÿ
ڸСûİһۣҶ㴩ʲôɫÿˣҶһɫټǽ顣
ҶЦһûãȤҲ֯һɡռ·٣ʵûҪԼֵġ
ֻǣҶֻüС֯ͷë£û֯꣬ͣˡ
죬ѾʮһµˣѾû˴䣬òõ˼ңҲˡ
С׽ݼ٣°Ҷ鲻ԣɹеʵҶ㣬ôˣ
Ҷ˼ԼϢУһŷԼ߻صˣҡҡͷû¡
û𣿡СЩġ
û¡Ҷѹͷ飬ĶСףֺ˵һҪĶŻط䡣
췢ʣӦ¶ˡ
С׿ҶطıӰ۵׻ԻҶأ˵Ҳ֪Ҫôźá
ˣС١ʣС١ţҶӦû˵ġ
ʵСײ֪Ҷ治˵죬С١Ҳ֪ġ
£ӦƺЩѣʳƱĲƱӡϽˣҽһʼھһˡ
Ҷ滹ãķƺؼĵȼûʲô߲ȯһС׾Ѿһֻ߲ˣС١Сһֻһ
ӦͲ࣬һﹻ԰
߲һӱý
ĹӦũأȱ߳ԣ²˵߲ˣԼ۸ͱ֮ǰ˲١


491 ̫

ǶŶӹģӲŹûãǼӡ²ϰߵ˴ʳϰߡ
˵µûǣɴҲûڳ仧˵ģٸҲм˽ǣʲôģϢҲ
﹩Ӧ٣ũֵܶҲеģأҲҪġ
֮ǰëëһ߲ˣʮöһƱ򣬰ëǮһﲻ˵͵üһƱ
ĲҲܲԣˣӹҪԡ
ԣﲻˬ򣬻ǵ򣬲ᾡĲһ˭ƱҲǰĲǡ
ϼңĶǣǼĽ
Ӱ˵ģһӣؼȥϹӦĲˣʡһЩҲܳһʱ䡣
ӦҶ˵ûӰ죬Ŷ㣬Ϻ⣬ˮ߲˾Ͳ˵ˣһֱûȱ
ҶҲ֪ӦС׸βˣԸ½ȻͣȻܶ࣬Ҳһ߰˽ѡ
֮½ȻǱߣҶͣΪ½ȻõһЩ˲֪Ϣ˵ˣС¥һֱûȥ½Ȼǰһ
ڶ죬ҶС١˶ǧ·
СûҲŴӻˣӦùӦʳȻ䣬ϸûдװˣֻ棬ǻǴƤ棬ҪϸɸС
汻ҶװģС׻ûдĹЩ𿴲ôɸˣһǣСֱҲǿԵġ
ڹӦˣﻹ˷ѷ
Ҷƺ£С׿С١ѯʡ
С١ҡҡͷʾԼҲղ·ţҲ֪ǲǺͺйϵ
죬壬Ҷˡ
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ϣȻ˲ٵĶ
龫̷ۣ׺Ͱ棬ۺͺǣһЩ£һЩʵĺӵĶ¡
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õ򵽵˵ˣǲ˿ɱıˣȻֻǱ˸ǮٶУҪƱ
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ҶҲ죬ͣˡ
Щ֮ǰԥٵģ򲻵ʱ򣬻ڵֱĴȡ
ҶȻ飬ÿλŶС׺С١ΪҶȥˣҲûҶʡ
С١ҶȥģϾ㲻̫ܰණиܹǺһЩġ
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Ҷ龫˰̷ۣʮˮͷ
˳׸װ棬һǷ˼档
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Ӱ˵ģÿʮʮĹӶˡ
߲˸óˣʮİܲСˡ
С׺С١һͻȻĪľЩĻš
С״С١̲˵ʱһܶҶ°˶ܷϺܾõ⡢ѾհװѼƵ㡭
ʮʮš
ҶС١СˢЩĲɵĳţֵʵ
ôˣó𣿡
˵Ҳ̫̫ᣬ֮ǰԹٿˣǺ֮ǰడţⶼУϺҲУ߲ҲУûʲôõİ
ڷҪսʡʳ˳ҼḺʱҶ滹ܴС١С׳ԵôʢֱۺĽ
ҲǵסլӣԱס˵ᶼ΢ԶһЩҪȻЩ㰡Ⱑζ˼ˡ
̫𣿡
С١ҡͷȻԥһ£ڰĿڣ㣬Ҫȥ𣿡
СҲ䣬ĵҶĻش
Ҷԣһ£ôôʣ
Ϊ˺öණЩܷźܾãҲٰܳꡣ
С١䣬ҶԵľӺ̲裬Ȼ
ȻҪԶأҲǣŪôණ͸ȱԺȰɣ
СҲûдһĻʵҶ㣬Ҫȥܾ𣿡
Ҷ濴һڴС١ֿȴشСף̾һڣҲȷ
⻰С١С׶⣬໥һֿۣҶ棺㣨Ҷ㣩ܿ𣿡
ûȥֻ֪ʲôʱ


492 ϱƢ

ѹı飬ҶЩΣæ⻹ûأ˵һûȷأôͺҡһ
㣬˵ĻġС١æҶĻ
СҲһæӻ󼪴޽ɣ
ȿȡҶºĻãҲ˵
ָ˼вˣҶʵȷٺ˵ء
治֪ôء
ҶŪЩʱֻԷһ˵ˣⶼʮˣһʳ꣬ѵӦõ𣿣
ûȷѾʼôණС١Сףʮа˾ˡ
㣬λҪȥϰ𣿡ĶȽϴȥɳĮ࣬ʶС١ôʵ
ҶҡͷӦòôáֻǾҲ֪ʲôЩȻҪˣ˵ŪҲŪء
СԵͷҲǣȲԺܲŪȻ˹ϵ飬Ȼжˣֶơ
ºԲ꣬ҲɢɢȥһЩ˷ѡ
ʲôֹСǲڵģֻҪҪ취ȥģֲûɹ
˵䲻ģѣƱȯŪǮɣѼҲ϶ٶӡ
˽ǹ֮໥ѹأڹԴ
ȻҶ˵˲ܳȥܾãС׺С١ףҶҪǳȥûôġ
ʲô룬С١ûʣ֪Ҫ˵Ҷ˵ģʣΪѾͲˡ
ǷģҾȥҲǳͻˡ
Ȼ˲µˣҶҲûпˣȻҲû˵Ҫȥ˻ᵣġ
Ҷ֮ǰȥɳĮӣٳԶţҲܷĺܶࡣ
С١Ȼᣬǿˡ
㣬ôණˣֻҺ͸ڼңԲġ
Ҷ棺ãҲЩˣӦûе߲ˣҲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ˣҪǳȥˣǾͰѿֿźãżǵðŴá˵ΰһҪäС׺С١С͵ģǼŪôණҪġ
СҲ֪Ӧٲ˻Ҫ͵͵Ū㶫˭ҲԸӲǡ
ԣҶķԸ֣صͷҶ㣬ģһŪõġ
СһзִģҶӦ£ҲͲ˵ˣһˢһ
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οһݣңʿŮ
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һʮͷͬ־Ҷ棬ڲصĴҶ漸ۣҶ̧¶һĨЦݡ
ֻǣҶ浭Ŀ˿ƿĿ⣬ƺղûпһ
īϱƢð
뵽ī֮ǰصиĻͬ־ﰵҡͷϱ˭ҲҪĴⰡ
˵ģīȻ̰Ѫϱ۹ⲻ
ī֪˴Ҷһ֪ԼƢҲõģ
һʮˣ΢һ󣬾Ͳ⡣

Ҫ齨ʱҶ沢⡣
ȻǱΣǰͷн⣨ţͬ־ƴں󷽻ǰȫģѣϵ˶ڵſǵЦǿɲǵóѡ
齨飬ĿҪ﷢ֵھ򱣻ʾһżҹʷҪãסЩǣΪ顭
ȻεĿǼΪΣյģﻷӣϣμӵҪ÷ľ񡣡
Ҷȥιݳİ칫ˡ
Ҷ£˵ҪμοĿ
ιݳԾһ£ҶͷɺȰҶ£֮ǰȥɳĮһΣŻûãεĿ첢ûɳĮﰲȫʵȥġ
ҶЦЦιݳʲôҪȥɵģҪûа취ǽʱҪȥ
ιݳһͬĵͷ
˵ҶǱصģΪ˵͵ԸҲദʲô齻춼ܺܿİá
ϴȥɳĮţһȥͰ꣬˵ˣɳĮ˲Σյ飬Ҳпࡣ
μӣ˵̳ĸķ׾񣬵ιݳЩĵġ


493 ſϷ

ǣεΣգս˵˵ЩϺȵĲɣιݳҪȰһȰҶ档
ϾҶϷ򸾾ҶһѪˣʵиĸԺܺõĹһҪĵġ
֪ģιݳĵģҶ֪ҶιݳĻ
ЩΣպһղŻϾ˵ģҶԼռһЩϢϣ᲻
֮ǰμӹһοĿо飬ǼҪ˵ʱұȥҶһȻģһҪҪӡ
ֻʲô뷨ֻԼ֪ˡ
ҶƶιݳЩݣԥһ£ʵҶ£ҪȻٿǿǣ
ιݳѾˣٿˣ
ˣ˵ļ飩ѪˣסһЧҡιݳҶôᶨҲûȰˡ
ãȻҶ֣ϣƽȥƽءĿǱߣһύȥġ
лл㣬ιݳҶס˷ܣ¶Цϵл
ӦллŶԣȥҲǴƽͼݡ
ҶЦЦֺιݳ˵˼䣬뿪
ȻԲȥϣֻҪ룬Ի˰ֻġ
ҶԴ֪Ҫȥĵطʹˡ
Ŀ鲻Ҷӿ϶ҪҪٵģʱûĿԼܾܣֻǣΪܺĿĿ忿ѡ
ҪȻһŮͬ־ûҲû֤ܵôҲ˵ȥ
ãһ·ĵĳҲӰġ
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ҶҪμӿĿ˾ȣ˲죬һ£뵽īƺҲͲˡ
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ƺ뵽ʲôõЦЦǵð칫˿һۡ
˾ôŵԣҲֲּ֣ͷæ
ĿȷҪҶ˲ţҶ룬ٷϲˣȻᱻܾ
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ƻҶҲʮЩС׺С١ԣˮֲһʼҲάزǣ˵Բ껹Ūˮͷ
С׵գҶ沢ġ
Сڵļ׵ĵؽҲˣ棬һ߲ˡ
˵ǵؽѣʵҲǸ׶Ķѣڸϸã棬ٷϼľ壬߲棬ܴһʱ䡣
ڷһЩõľ壬ϼשͷһ˭Ҳ֪ж
ᶼˣųʵͿԣʳ̫࣬ΪԷһ͵͵һЩĺá
ͰѵؽںãҶ治ٴξ̾С׵ˡ
ҪˣҶˡ
żûˣҶóӣŵС׺С١ķ
ǵãϴѩʱС١ᰤ
֮ǰȻҲ˺ʵޱˣҶʰһ׶װռޱһ£һأ
ҲȱҲʹá
С׺С١һǰһģҶкطŶͼϵ·ͱӣɾһ¡
㣬ô·ͱˣûǮ
С١ܳҶǰͷǲͬ㣬һǮˣ˵ˣ·ܶˣҪҲǸԼѽ
СҲӷҶ㣬ոµޱ𣿡
ǳµӣʵֽʵһҪǮޱҲ֪ͷʲôģһ£İͷ϶
Ҷ㹤ȻߣҲôð
ǲˣҪʵھòϣҲУͺˡҶ˵Ҿ·üУһˡ


494 ͱ˲һ

ǣǶꡣС١Сüͷ
ǰ˺С١˵Ϊһ㣬дѣԲĸֺóԵģůıӣС١ǲŵġ
ڡС١ǲģǷҶһǮһûüǮСֶӲҪ·Сİɣ
ôһ룬С١Ѿ룬ԺҪϸˣȻûд·ţʱҲСֶû·
ôʹˣҲûǳʱ·̵Ŀ죬ֲ˵Ľ·ʲôġҶ˵ţֱ̯ʾΡ
֪С١ĵǺԲء
ʵҶѾ׼·΢ôһˣǳԵĺã˸Ҳ仯Ŀ죬С١ãС׾͵ظ幫ֵĸо
ҶҪûҲˣȻУó
ܲܿС׿¶һصĽŲӣһأ֣ɸΪ·ưɡ
ȻС·͸ɴС١ҲһˣҾǴӿռͳ¶Ҳᵽȥ҇Nɪ
С״̵·С١ҲܴҲ˷ѡ
˵ϴθףǶûдأԼڹѹء
Ҷһ£û˵̫࣬ңȸ·ԺҲϰˡ
ʵҶ˵С״˵·˵ģϾûв߳µ·˲ûп˵˼͵˻رм
¶󰡣ҪƱ˵Ҫҵȯ׵ôõ·˭ġ
С׺С١֮ǰô˭֪էһˣ·ˣǻۺ졣
οҶ濴С׺С١ϧ·ģҲ᲻˵ģҲû˵
ˣҪǲ봩תҲУһ¾͹꣬·˶࣬ȥԹںҲͦ˳ֵġ
ֻҪ۸̫ߣһ㿴ӺǮģûвġ
С׺С١ε໥һۣ֪㣨Ҷ㣩ô˵
Ǹûµ·ޱֲǸɿôǷһĵӡ
СҡͷûвģǾҶƷˡ
С١Ҳָͷʳ⡢ˣ̷ʲôģѺޱ㣬Ļ˺ܶܶǮء
ûпݣС١Ҳ֪ЩҹϵŪҲˣܻһЩ
ͣҶε̧֣ˣǾͱߴˡСףȥҶˡ
Ҷ涼ˣС׵Ȼĥ䣬Ӧգһӣһȥ
ҪȲ衣ҶһҲֻС١ˮҪȾջ衣
С١һˮݲȥ
С١С׶վҶ淿ſڣҶʰ
ˣҶ治ҡͷɽʱˣҪȻѶһɽһ·
㣬ⶼˣ߰С١Ŀڡ
СҲֲᣬ֪ʲô񣬵ҪʱȥңҶԼ֪ʲôʱŻ£һ¡
ȥذҶС١գ˵飬ʱġ
С١Ҳ֪Լ⻰ԣ˵ͷ䶯˼£û˵ˡ
Ҷ΢һ£һᣬһЩ飬Ҳ׼Ϣˡ
һ磬Ҷֽŵ𴲡
˭֪ſţС١С׾Ѿиоĸˡ
С׾Ͱˣһ磬Ҫϰ࣬ɽС١Ͽεġ
㣨Ҷ㣩硣
硣˶ˣҶҲ͸ɴ಻ˣкϴȥ
С١ҶıӰңҿû˯ôҪȻҪˣƵúþúþûˡ
ͻϺȺͻȼΣĻ࣬ȺģԵĺ⡣
Ҷ㣬ĲҪ׼һЩ𣿡Сʡ
׼ţҶ治ڻЩģˡ
Ҷ㣬һŪһɣ·ϳԡ
Ҷ棺ããǳʳҹأЩ棬ųԡ
Ц޲ðжռɣСŪ·ϳԣ鷳˵ﱳţѾ
ҶֲϣСҲֻա
Լ͸ʳСףӡҲҶ涣Ҫڵʱѷˡ
йӦ򲻵ˣҪȥˣũҲʲôġЩҲˣһģǸóԳԣúȺȣҪ̫ڼ󡣡
С׹ԹţһһӦ¡
Ҷ涣С׵ʱС١ŵŵŵܽ洫ѵҲ֪ڵʲô


495 Ծ

ʱ˹Ϊõ㲹Ϊ˼ܳԱҲΪܵܣ˰ɣ
һΣҶ͸СٿǮΪ˲٣ٸϴһͲˡ
С˵ʲôҲҪֲҶ棬ֻһٿ顣
Ҷ㣬һٿΪ㰲ģҲ֪УҺС١ҲйӦģÿ¶ӵġһйأһٿԷһѡ
ҪҶ治ģСһëǮõġ
ԵĺȵĴõģҶ㶼׼׵ˣʳ㹻С١ĸµġ
û棬ҲŶӵģοҲ١
Ҷ㣬㿴ʲô׼ˣʲôҪǮĵط
Ҷһ룬ʱƾ򻧿ڿҲ˼ǮˮѶ컨Ҳ󣬶ķúѾˣװޱҲ׼ˣôһ룬ûʲôҪǮĵط
ǣҶҲûڼˡ
Сףչ˺Լչ˺С١˺ܿͻġ
С׹ԹԵͷ
ҶҪǰС١һеļ㣬㡣
һļҶ治ϲС١صõĲҶģҶĲҶ˺ü֣оҶĻ衣
㲻øŪ㶫·ϳԣǾʹɣ˲Ҷģûζ
̣һжʮΪľеĳԣû뵽С١Ȼ˶ʮ
ҶƣҪǷвС١ٶһ㡣
Ҳ䣬ûô׻ȻҶҲ϶ʮżڰ۵ġ
С١εҶ治ľܾ˹ЦãС١ˡ
䣬⿴СҲڣæ˵СҲܺá
С١ЦСǲڵǼ⣬ĵֲС١ôɡ
Ȼô룬Сȴģǳǳ糺գӵ˶ϡ
Сϵļ٣ҲˣҶź͵ȥϰ࣬С١ȻҶȥͼݣҶҪСӣûš
ǣС׺С١ĿУҶ汳ŵɽˡ
Ҷ浽Ĳ磬Ҳ
ڻ￴½Ȼʱһ¡
ܿ죬򵥵ĶԱ󣬴ҷ׷뿪ҡ
棬ô½ȻıҶ滹ȡ
ҶЦһ£Цݵģʱһд˵ı
ͣģμεĿĿû뵽οĶ½Ȼ
ǹʲôʱҲͿھմˡ
ͼݣĻλоĻıҪĻִǹŴմߵġ
½Ȼһӳôڶأ
Ҷ氵⣬ѵʲôҪģ
棬֪֪жΣգ㡭
½ȻĻû˵꣬ͱҶˣ֪
㻹
½Ȼ˵ˣҾ֪Ҫˣ֪ΣգҲҪȥġĩΣɥʬΣ
ҶܲڣԥǼȻڣʲôġ
½Ȼԣ˵ʲôɺð죬ȴʲôҲ˵
ҲǣҶϷ򸾵ŮȻǼ̳˼ͲΣľ
̾һ½ȻЩƵĵ棬Ӧ֪㸸ĸϣƽƽȫȫĶȹһ
ʲôƽʲôǰȫҶ濴½Ȼʵ
⡭½ȻĵȻԶΣˡ
ǲҪƽǣһӲȥĵط
ҲҲ½Ȼ뵽Ҷļ飬Щεҡͷ˵ǣȥΣա
⻰½Ȼ˵ĸˡ
ҶЦˡ
Ц˵ζ۾еȻЦ⣬ǳЦᳶǳǳģü״ԳǱˡ
½Ȼлл㡣ǣ֪ǰΣն֮˺࣬ʲôοҸĸ˵Ҷһ£۵׻һĨˣһᣬŽ˵Ƕôֱǰҿɲܶǵ
½Ȼԣʱˡ
˵ˣ½Ȼô
Ŷǽġ
½ȻȥĵطиҪ飬ܻϼ죬ͼ֣Ҿͽӽˡ
ᣬ½ȻȻˡ
ã棬һ·ϣҲиӦ
Ҷǣ½Ȼͦллġ
˵˲Ҫģֿˡ½ȻһΡ
ҶЦЦ֮һˣָˡ
˵˼䣬תС¥棬ҶҪС¥û취ȥˣԾѡ


496 ̫

Ҷͺ½Ȼڻ¥µ˵¥ϣҵİҶֿҶ˵½Ȼֹīӣϱ˵ء
ˣû½ȻеĹâʲô
ʱī˸磬ʶͳ¿ڴʯӣס
棬ԶϣֻһСˣѾ˼ˡ
ţԵ㶫һʮˣһҶǼƬʵ⡣
ȻɽҲҵ𣬸Ѿˣڲȷ£Ҫʡ
ī֣ǳ԰ɣҸղų˵㶫
죬뿪ƽǣ·ϻ˼λ𳵣һ·īҶĶҩһζûµķˡ
·ϱһܣŵ
ȻϢãû̫ĶҲûǣ˿ڣ˿ڻָ
ʱ𳵣ʵȽŻḡףī׻ָģתҲ΢߶һ£пռʯڣûʲôӰ졣
˵طīܿͶ빤С
Ϊīڵĺãû֪ǹ˻ûá
ָӲ˰£ʵǽֵƶ˼ƻȻ˿ʼˡ
Сʱõļ΢СģҲ벻Ч
ǶҪ׼䲻⣬ܽնж͸ˡ
ţͳһɣֵǶˡ
ţҶڸҲ̫ˡ
ţ㲻ԣûġ
ˣϻī۾һɣСæһȥ
īģȥСʱĳһ㶫Ҷ׼ģҪС˻ûкȫҪעһЩ˵ЯĸҲһЩȥˡ
ʯӣīס߶Ҷֻ֣ůůģƺڳʪɽһ
棬ģҴӦչ˺Լһչ˺ԼģҲչ˺ԼҺܿͻˣ
ʯӺһᣬŰպãߵ˵˵飬ôҷϢ
ҹܿͽˡ
ɽҹֺڣܵӲȫڸīһѾ˼죬Ѿˣҹŵȴڶĵ
īѾ״ִˣѿеĵط
һΣǷ⣬ţŻµݼٵĸīȥġ
ɫգһлҹɫʻ
Ҷһڻϡ
Ѿ˴죬ʶģʶģ뿪˵ˡ
Ҷ汾٣½ȻҲû٩٩̸ϻûãͱ۲΢Ե㶫Ϳʼ顣
С١׼һмҶԼ½ȻַָŮͬ־һһģˡ
ЦҲҪƱģһʼŮͬ־ָҶ͸ԣҶҲǼԵġ
ͷϵٺãҲû˳ʳĵ
˭жģ˵ǣѾ׼׼ģ˱˵ģ˿ɾûˡ
Ҷûʱ򣬿һС£Ҳ֪滹Ǽ٣һŮЦ˵Լһʶĳ
˵ĸǾ˽ʶģһμȥĹ԰Ȼ󣬵ˣҪȥԷŮͬ־Щߣ˵Լͬ־Ҳ˵㲻ſڵңԼ˹Ӫݣһݽӣͷͳ
Ůͬ־ôŶӣſڵͬ־һͷȻ˺滹ˡ
鵱Ů˵ʱ˶ò˼飬Щ˾ÿܣЩ˾òܻ˵٩˵ǸʱŮʣ׵ȵȡ
ڣҶã飬˾ųɾġ
Էںˣ£˭Է
Ůͬ־޹أһ¾ôƱǷ޵Ļϵٺã˷㣬ԼͳƱǮ򷹳ԡ
˰£ͣһЩ⡣
ҶȥˮˮĹֳ˼Сɵľ
ǼƬܲ˿мһܳڣֽʡʱ䡣
ҶƵòͣҲµİѶɨӣ鹦ںĩۻµľ飬ĩʲôǲȷģһ뷢ʲô¶֪ҪʳҪϢҪץʱġ
һƵĳԣɥʬϮô죿
Եĥĥģϱۺô죿
Ļ˶ӲԼģȻǣϽΪˣ
Ҷ˰뱭ְ̣ѱϴãһ˲ӡ
Ų׻λʱúͽֶϡ
ֶԼЦһ£Ҷ鲻䣬ûдӽпʲôõֻк棬ڴ͡


497 

ҶЩ֣ˣżʱܾʲô⣬ûио⡣
ҶԼЩεһ°ͣ˵īδϱͦģҲ֪˶ٿͷˡ
Ȼ֪īû͸¶ɲ֪ΪʲôܾãҶμεĿĿ֮ⲻھơ
һۻڵҹŻ𳵵ҹиΪԵĺְ⣬īӦûɣ
Ͼ˭ϣûķĲǡ
գְҡͷԼʲôأǿԶأҲϡ
Ӧòϰɣ
ûϲǣ
īҪ֪Ϊ֪᲻ˡ
ҶһҲǻת˼λ𳵣ǿ˵ط
˵ǵطʵĿĵػһٶ๫ء
ǵطƫƧ𳵵ˣȻţ
˵ѾڳˣϾҪ豸ڣţ̫ˣڵ
дǰһ쵽ŽڵˣҶ֪ſĶ飬ҲŽڼڡ
ǺҶ湲¹ˣҶ裬׷ҵĴк
ͬ־ǿĵսҶֲţԼĺҶ
ǰ컹ʦ˵أû뵽ͼˡ
ҶҲЦʱЦҪڻů֡
Ҳû뵽ŽڣССҲ˰
Ȼˡͬ־ЦЦѹ֮ǰɳĮֵúܺãССҶһλģεôȻǰ֮ǰԱˡ
Щ黹ǲ˵̫ģȻұ˴˶֪
ҶȻ֮ǰ˶ٻǷĵģ˵Ҳо鲻ǡ
ɳĮﰾģҲ˶ġ
ʵúãпѹʲôϴεľ飬ϹҲġ
½ȻҶЦĺŽһ˴к˵˵ЦЦģЩ㱣ϾӡҶһֱЦ˭ǵģԶҲ
ƺˣҶΪʲôһҪμˣԼǴлҪɣ
ϾŶʮ꣬ͣôϣҲȷУҪһЩġ
ҪϿɣ
ҶҪ֪½ȻԲһۣᷭͬ־̫ˣ
Ҷʮ˲һĩǳԳԺȺȣúõĹͺãʲôʲôգʲôףʲôΣգʲôͬеģһҲҪġ
֮ǰ˵һһأû뵽㡭
ϴһ𰡣Ƕþûˣһ¡ͬ־رģ˵Ҷ湲¹ˣûвĵġ
Ҷ¶٣ʲô˵ʲôԶҲôҪѧʶ뷨ʲôҪҪİ취׼ȷֺãѵʶ
˵֮ǰǩ״ˣҲ׵ľ񣬿˭ӻĳ
Ҷڣپð˲١
ҶһбϾ˻𳵣ȻûôãҺʶһԹ׼Ϣˡ
ΪıŽһҶҲûܺͬ־һ䡣
ûϢãӦ۵ģԱߴ̵Ůͬ־Ѿ˯ˣҶڴϣôҲ˯š
ҶܣҪȻԺ˯ŲСʱܾĸ·
һ磬һ˳Թ緹öװͳˡ
õһ󿨳˴װϣù
ڶ󿨳ĳųڰ͹ƽ·ػζҶǳ˳飬ռĳðɣ·ã˵ûGPSԼҲûá
·߲ؾֵأ·û̵ĵط··ҡҡλεģҶ涼Ҫγȥˡ
ڣûγ
˵ǰͷһγϳûþɫ׵ĵͷ˯ʵ
ֺҶһһԣųβ浹˵ľɫ֪ʲô뵽ղϳҶܾһѣһ±ӣīδϱ˰ɣ
½Ȼоֵߣ˿ֿ֣˿Ҷ棬Щֺ֣ҶЩȤӣȻ½Ȼ˵ʲôģ;Щֵֹġ
·ãҲλƵģˣŵط
ССҶ濴˵򶼿ˡ
һͼ¥ߵķӣƽɵĽֵ𴦼ٿĴֺźɫﵹǿ١
ҲǵϵԵʣϲûʲôˡ
Ҷ濴һ£СߵĽҲ¥ˡ
һС¥ĺţǵȺˣһ󿨳ųԺ￪


498 ϱ鷳

˳Ҷ֪̫Сûдְֻܵס
û⣬Ŀû֮ǰֳĹӵʱϢĵطֱ鿼ɣ
ʵĿֳнʮֳӣԶһڶȥĿֳ
ߵĹԱ׼Ͱײ˶Ҷûʲôθڣͬ־˵һָԼȥˡ
꣬Ҷ£㲻Ե㶫𣿡½Ȼĵʵ
ҶҡͷҲЩۣϢ
½Ȼ֪ЩҶܲʲôθڣҲû취
Ҷ泴Եģһ£̫ˣ͹ˣʳҲûУԱҲû취
է̫鷳˲ǡ
½Ȼ˵ʲôأҶ˵ѾԶˡ
룬½ȻҶ
´Ĵ̣һẈ̂Ůͬ־࣬סһ䣬Ҳסļѣʣµģͬ־ĸסһ䣬ܿճ
Ҷͬ־죬ϵҲסһ䡣
ͬ־ڳԷҶصᣬ˼ڶ΢һĴ̣ͷ˯
֪ΪʲôԽǿҶĪЩĻţĻżһһµģû˼ףͺܿʧˡ
Ҷ˼Σûףֻѹ²롣
ûԷܲж⣬ҶûԷ½Ȼͽ⵽ˣ½Ȼ֪Ҷʳһ룬֮ǰҶҲɳĮ˰꣬ԼҪʱӦҲҪ̫ġ
ɽ־ЩˣīϱҲôСϱǶźÿȥİɣ
ͷ˭ܴĳ԰һ·Ϳмڸԣһ컹Уأأأ
ɲƽǣܳײ˶ܺõˡ
ȻϸƤ⣬пð
Ѿ˯ŵҶѹ֪죬ҪȻһݺݵĸһۡ
ëϺзţ⣬ЩΪʲôһҪʲôͰײ˶
˵Ҷ治ԣ濼ʡء
ͬ־Ҳ۵ĹǺ³ײ˶ҲֻǼϴһ£Ҳʲô̸һԼ˯ˡ
ҶǱѵġ
ط
ҶЩЦ˵
ûϴĵطԺǽгˮӣһɰ˾Ÿˮͷϴ»ϴˮϴ裬ˮˮ
Ҷ磬ԺһյƵСݣŵ𴲣ᣬſԺĻֻ˼ۣ˼ϸ
ӺҶϴԼϴ࣬ˮǰϴ
Ҫǰ˺Ҷ˵Ժ¶ˢϴһöԷ⣬ڣѾĲٵˡ
ҪȥֳҲ֪Ǳʲôϴͷ㣬Ҷˢϴ˳ְԼͷɱӣ÷б
;µģʱͷ𣬸ˬ
ɫ£īɫͷīɫװͺɫѥҶһɫȻۣװȴ³ۡ
û취ֽʵӣˮ磬˵ҰˣҰҲôӡ
Ҷϴã½𴲡
һʱ仹磬ҶС˵һԼԺӣؽֳܡ
СʱصԺӣó緹
ÿԣٲԣҲ˵ȥԣҶڻǰΣ˱ǸŶӴһ㶫ԡ
ʣµײˣǲˣҲʳ
ҶССһףҲǿԼȥˡ˵ƫϣôʳôƫأ
תһ룬ھͼԱůгԾͲˣʲôϷأϷûף滹óԣû棬дҲóԲǡ
ҶԵ٣ͬ־ϰˣ½ȻͽֻҶ治Ϥ˿Ǿþȣô㣬
۾У²ۣīôоϱǸ鷳أ
һ뵽Ҷܺε鷳¶Ůһ־;ԼͷҪˣѾʼͬҶμӿˡ
Թ΢ʰһ£Լİ׼ȥֳˡ
˵ǳǰĵطҶ沢ԼĶϴ裬Ҳϡ
ʵͷȥֻҪǳԶţ˭Լıϴ衢סдϵģϣҪûã͵˽ˣ鷳˵һûУɾҪɵˡ


499 Ҳ

ϳǰ½ȻݸҶ棺Ҷ£ţҪǶˣ·ҲԿڡ
Ϊ˶࣬½ȻҲýҶ֣ͺʹҶҶˡ
ãáҶæҡͷҳԱˣŰɣͬ־ʳ󡣡
½ȻϽŰɡ
½ȻĲá
Ҷ˵գǰͷҶϳˣҲϽõɽץס֣ϳ
һ·ΪõɽװŲٶҶûпŰһֳĴ£Ĺĵģٷһѹɺͼƻ
Ҷ治ã½ȻЩε˵ˣǵҪ
⻰Ц½GͦҶͬ־İ
Ҷ̧ȥӦ⣬ҶǸֵܽãģ໥ҲӦõġ
ûҲû½Gѽ
ͬ־˰Ҷ¶Ȼ½Ȼ½Ȼͬ־˵ء
½ȻҲ˳ưѸͳݸ֣ͬ־ûԱȥԡ
ԭΪֻܾ֪˹ȥã緹ûԱ
лл½Ȼͬ־ˡ
Ҷһ飬²ۣûԵľ½GгԵľ½Ȼͬ־Ǳ仯찡
ܿҡҡλεҲû취ԣֱͳԱˣ˳ư½ȻЦЦ
½Ȼû˾ǹġ
ҶʵҲûû£ᡣ
С򣬽·͸ˣܶʱҪɽ·
ɽ·ʮ䣬Ƶģ죬мΣҶ涼Ҫſˡ
ܿ죬ԽԽƫһ߾ɽ£ĵɽ£ߵˣͬ־СƳһۣŵɫˡ
˵·޵ģǰôģߴ󳵣ǣӺʡ
·ʱ򣬲֪ж˵ɽȥˡ
Ҷ״ͬ־ְο㣬ģµģ·˾ϤҿҲ죬ûµģҪ£ͱˡ
ͬ־ͷ£Ҫ⳵ҡҡλεģ벻¶ѡ
Ҷͺͬ־һûһ죬תע
֪ͬ־ϲŵ飬Ҷ˵
˵ĹĺĹ
ͬ־ͷԣһЩƬǺĹǺеĹ˹ˡ
˵ͬ־߲ѣһҲ˺飬ݺݵһٵĹƻĹԹ
ֿҶתưͬ־עЩԾû뷨īϱͦģǻͦᰲοˡ
Ҷӡ󣬽ƺıһЩ
ȻʳҲôģ٣̫鷳
һ·ɽв֪УЩ˵ĺ顣
Ҳ֪˭˵Ҫ裬˸ͷͿ
⳵һǰͷĳҲʾĽ˹ȥ
ûǹûڣ˸죬ÿһضԼġ
ɽϼɣսʿаӪ飬Ӫ顭
֧ɽҰѵĸףĸֻҵĹġ
ŽǸ֡
ڴ·ϡ
ˮѽ˴˰
һһ׵ģҶЦ֧ţżҲź߼䣬ľЦҳ
Ҳû˾Ҷ治ʲôֵģϾģѧɣ֪ЩҲ֡
³ӵɽµƺ˲٣˸߲ҵģֱ쵽Ŀĵأ΢
Ҳ֪ƹɽͷڵһƬĵش
ǰ˴ԼŵĿĵء
˵طҶ֪ΪʲôҪżˣΪʲôҪǩ״ˡ
ֳмڣ˽⣬Ҷ֪ǰͷǵڼţżڻ
ҶѾʮںˣÿһҶҲըһ¡
Ĺͦõģ˵Ҳ֮ǰиڵڸһˣд֣ϱֱȥǹġ
ҶվڶУû˵ڵӣղŹʱ·š
ĹǺڵĹĺܶණоŴʷ˽ǸʱڵĻкҪ壬ǲܴ
ﻹû¶ҲҪżھ򣬿Ѿ¶ĹڣͲŷ紵ܡǲùʧ

ҷģﲻԶУפԣʱǰȫģֻҪǵĹͺá
ǸϽھȡ񣬳
ǣ˷׷Ӧ¡
һɢҾͿʼɵæµ
񣬰豸оĹĽṹ趨ƻͷ


500 û

Щ豸ӢģҶҲͰţ˿װҶһæһ߰⣬Ҳ֪᲻иڵɲɵ
գҶĬĬҡͷɲôãҪȻùǿ
ĴӶҪִ˵˼Ͷæ̫Ҫھ
Ĵ񣬴Ǹƹֵģܹһ緹û˲ģһ¾ҹʮˡ
ûʲôʲô͵ؿôˣõĻȽ豸һ򿪣ͳܿͰװûĶЩһ߳Ծһ߳档
ǹǰˣû˸Ӫߣ˸ҿŮͬ־ס񣬶ǳÿŮͬ־ජۣУҶǱĶһ
һܿ͹ȥˡ
죬ڻ˺ܶ࣬ʱһ춼û£ƺǽסˡ
һʼÿһڻ𣬴һŵæ̧ͷҪҵطһ£ĶˣҲûһʼôźˡ
ϾĴ󣬿ҲһģϢͦȫģ˵ǰͷפڣʲôҲ֪ͨġ
Թ緹ҶԼǰϢһûһµԼִ֪ʲô
Լ˺һ䣬عҪᣬҶȥû߼Ͻ֣ͷк󣬽ֿˡ
Ҷ£Ҫû£ĹֳȥʲôɣվڱҲǺõġ
Ҷ治⣬ƫͷ˽һۣͬ־ʲô˼
ȥǵľ׮ô
ЦŮͬ־ҲǱ߿أŮɻ
Ҷܿ˽ֵ˼ǳŮͬ־ҪũĹһЩҲҪϡ
׻˵һڰٳ󣬺οûĴ·ɾŮͬ־йæĴУٶʮҵ׳꣬ԱŮͬ־ţ֪Լûϵǻġ
ǹҪԵһַʽΪ˲ΣݴҺѰ
Ŷ¡Ҷ涪仰ʹ󲽽
Ȼ뷨Щ̨棬Ҳʲô˲ݵ飬ֳӵļɻͬ־ֳ˲٣Ҳʲô顣
Ҷôڿ죬豸װװãûϣϢϢԼ͵͵ȵ̲֭ԵСʳֳȥﰡ
ҶܾҲûᣬҾһ䣬Ͼм
ᣬ첻
ļƻֻգ½ڿ췢Ҳû취칫һʱͣˣ˵Ҫϸ졣
ǳ½ڼֻߣµĹӱ߲鿴ͬ־Ȱ˼Σûá
Ҳֺ֪ͳ½˵ʲôǰѳ½ǿסˡ
ϣҶܽԷʱͬ־˵ＦЩЦ
Ȼһ¾죬ӪؽĵطһЩŲڱˮˢ񣬾½ȻҲ˰Ӫˮųȥ
磬֪˹֮ǰֳæĹˡ
ҶҲǵڶ֪ط֪ģ˵ѾˣϱĹľˡ
Ӳ˭ܳŵסģûɻũˣѪܿҲᱻũĻŪ
ɽµظݣˮץ㣬ⶼɵĻǷţҲǸ׵ġ
Ů֪Ȱס࣬ͼ˵صˣ֪Ѿʮˣûн飬ͬ־˼˴ĿӵĹϵ
Ҳǣ֪ǻڸߵģӻؼңûлҲȥϾûĿˣֻˡ
ģɣҹϵسˣµģû취سǵġ
ᣬֻҪɵģͿŶӴùϵǱгԱҲлİ
ôץ𣿡
ȻֵͲգһһ׼һŻҰ׵ЦţҪǹץʮֻʲô¡
ôࣿСͬ־ЩԾ
һֻû⣬ʮֻͲˣڳԶⶼף˵ǻĽҰˣŪһҲǺõġ
ǵȻˣµԽãԽ࣬ⶼˣʱ򡣡
Ҳţץ˻ܸӪظƻʳȤԼץȥ
⸽ҲԶϤط֪ţҲ£Ůͬ־ȻҲ棬ϾûôץܵģɴϵģҲøţֻźա


501 Ҷ֪

оִߣҶ濴ȥͬ־𣿡
û¡ҡͷ
Ҷû﷭˸ۣûܲܲҪңϹ
ƺҶĲˬֱǸЦЦ˵Ҷ²֪ôץܵ𣿡
˶棬ȱȱģƺһҲȤ
ԣһ·;ͣϢʱϪϴ֣羰ʱ˳ץ˼ֻ㣬ʱ򣬺ʲôûȤ
ȻҶ˭òֹ۲΢ȻҶܶʱ΢ЦǸ飬Цݴ಻۵ס
ǻץ㣬ͼͬ־Ϫϴ֣Ȼ˾㣬һЩ㱻ŵܣҶͬ־ΣķףȻҲ׳
˶ҶãֻкҶɳĮദ˲֪ôһ¡
ǣͬ־Ҳ˵ֻ˽˷׷׳ҶõʱЦһ˽Ҷѵĸо
ϪߣаСʱץ˶ʮ㣬СĶаƴ󣬵ǹҳһˡ
룡
ץܻͦģץӡ
Ҷʼ磺ǽͬ־ȥμӰһء
˵ĶԻ׼뿪֪Ųһ£ϻȣƺû뵽ҶģȻǸ¡
ңҶڶͣȹ豸ϣﲻŮͬ־˵ǿͿġ
һ߸֪ڳǰ޵ĿһҶ棬ʲô
Ҷº𣿡뵽ʲôЦʡ
ҶƺоǴһֱ׳
½ȻգͷЦЦû˵
Ҷӽ鿪ʼͺԼǸһֲ䣬ʱ򻹰ҹдϺ˵һ·ϻչˮͬ־ˮҩʲôģϺԼҲϰˣû˵棬׷Цš
ճ˳飬īҾûĸŮͬ־ϣôȻģϱҲ̫ͱ˲һ˰ɣ
˵һ䣬ڣºڣ·ð
ҶһģҶ֪ġ
һԵ˷׷ЦĶᣬ͵ĵͷ԰԰ҶҲͦģ͹˯˯˳ˡ
½ȻҲЦŸͣǣҲĺܡ
˵꣬һЦ
˵Цܿ˵ɳĮԴ飬ǻỹô̫ˣɻȥԲŲס
ʵһʮˣΪīĹϵȻҶ飬Ҳչ˼֣˵Σգ϶ҪҶġ
½ȻͲ˵ˣӪصİ⣬Ҷ棬ڹ˽ĺչˡ
ͬ־ͳ½һ֮ǰҶɳĮ﹫¹ദ˰꣬һֱ죬ûʲôìܣȻܶҶʲô
ģǺͽһģֵ˼ʣµˣҶҲûǸ£ڶеεĻͦҪְλҪҶϵֻҪɵģҶȥ
ֻǣҶʱӪأٵֳȥҹɻˣֻ֪࣬Ҷ£ȴ֪Ů͡
֪һοҶһֻĺÿҲõô˵һֱſżҶ·ҳ½ʲôҲû͵͵ϼۡ
ֻû뵽Ҷ˺ܶεҶ¡
뿪Ӫأڻȥ·ϣͻȻ˵û뵽ôġ
߸֪ͷҲû뷨˵ǸѧģܵҲˡ
ҲǣǣбҵˣҲ֪ûлᡭ
ĻȻû˵˴˶֪ʲô˼
һۣ˲Լͬĳ̾һҲת˻⡣
ϣ֪ԼǰŶͬ־ҪȥϾӪ￴꣬Ҳʵƻˣᣬ˵ץܣԼҲȥ棬ûץܣĺܣȻˡ
Ҳ֪ǲ̫໹̫ץˣСʱ˾ض飬ȥȻװˡ
Щ˻ʱ򣬱û˯˴׷׾ޣҶԼĳӣҡ
ϲľԼˮˣСϣ˺װ˼
ŶӵȻϴ˲㣬ץܵԵʣЩϲ࣬ץôҲ˻ˣ׷ײ̵֪ĺá
Ц˵ǴѧĺѧĿ죬ΧҲܸˣûΧҶչ߸֪൹Щȣ˵ҶͲôôϲ֣


502 ɵĴ

Ŵץܵʱ߸֪۵ĺͬе˴̽һϢ
ʱĿʲѯŮͬ־Ϣͬ־һץܣͷҲͶ˵һЩЩҲʲôҪܵ顣
߸֪֪ĿЩŮͬ־ҶҲûнʱЩϲ֪֮Щź
ҶͲʱ򣬸߸֪뵽ʲô΢΢һС˺ð겻󣬲׳嶯ǣŮͬ־ҪϲˣŲܶԷʲôء
ûǰھӼҵӲϲ˸ˣŻɣҲٶˣҪˣǼ޵ũȥҲԸ⡣
УڴĴеʮʮĹϲӵĴˣٲԸҲ޹ȥˡ
Ǹʱ򣬴Ҳвٹ֪ĴøУʱǵûô࣬ЩﲻҲϲ˾ʹ󵨵ıˣͺʲôģǳ¡
һϲ˭סˣǺǻҲˡ
Ȼ߸ҲɵҲôһ룬СȴѽӽҶ棬Ůͬ־Ҳͦõģ˵ģҶ棬Ҳɾ
Ȳ˵ҶģˣڶǱţĴĹҲưĺܣͷԵģӦòС
ȻǰҲǳ򻧿ڣɼֻһ˽׼ļͥڻֹ֪࣬ӣ׷Ѵ
ѶȴҶ棬׷òƽƽһŮͬ־Ļ󣬲׷˭Ҳɵɵı¶ҪȻܾɻɾûˡ
ĵף߸֪໹ǶҶе㲻ʷģ˵һֻǱأ
Ҫ¾׷ˣԺôƯ˸ԼϴŮźԼöĽ
⿼Ҳһʱɵģ˵ϸˮʯֻҪɻܻлġ
Ҳץ˲ܣǲûжߣֻǴ˼ֻʣµģ͸Ŷˡ
ŶӵȻƴˣͲס˵飬ˡ
˺ΪܵȥٿʱҶѾɾ֣׼˯
ЩܱɵĽлһҹ
ҶȻóҲʹ׵ܹȥ˵ˣ޵˻ܵҲûʲôõģٱʾڵǰȫĲǡ
ˣܳҲܳأ˭ȥ
ڶһ硣
Ҷ𴲺󣬾ͱһŮͬ־ſܡ
Ҷ£㿴ܻ治Сء
šҶͷ
Ҷ£û뵽ôץɲء˵˯磬ȥץܿŮͬ־
ɲǣ˵ֵܾͲһգȻ󡭡ȥץܻ˷ܵĺʹ̵Ůͬ־˵ġ
żܣҶֿ˿˷ܵŮͬ־ǳ˳飬ʲôÿģô𾢡
緹ܺҵıˡ
н⡢ཷ齷͸ٵϽͣΰͷζܿƮ
Ȼܶܳһٵ⣬Ҳģ֮ǰóЩ̣˺һŮͬ־ҲڿĵĿ⣬ҶֻЦ
½ȻҶһԣҶ沢ûд⣬ʣҶͬ־ô⣿
ԡ
½ȻΪҶûԹͼȰζҪԣ
˵ţݵҶǰʾԼһӳһϾƧɽҰһҲ̫ˣûʲô⣬һͷ⣬һ٣һҲֲ顣
½Ȼ⣬Ҷҡͷ治ˣҲԡ
ֲȱȣԣǻܶԼ顣
Ҷ治ԣ½ȻҲûǿֻǿƵ˵ǿԳԵġ
֪Ҿ죬θڲöѡҶ˸ڡ
ʵֻǷǰ˿ţţԣһҲٳ˶ѡ
½Ȼ⻰뵽Ҷ⼸Եĵȷ࣬Ҳûţ˼䡣
ְһĻĬĬīҪ֪ϱ죬֪᲻Ű
ץܣһ룬ʣһЩҲûˡ
緹⣬ϸϺ٣Ҳһںҷ׷׸лȥץͬ־
мͬ־ǺǵЦţ˵ٳȥץһΣⶫУץýҲôҺúóһ١
ԹͣĿ϶ӪظСɽȥһûںˡ
СɽӪҲͰ׵ľ룬ﻹܿӪ
Ӫش߶ƫƧĵطǴʱ·ŢǻЩĸо


503 ø㰡

ͻȻҶŤͷһԲݴԺȵ˭
ҶЩ䣬ݴ˱ŵþòϳҶ״ü𣬵ҲٳƳ˲ݴһۣת뿪Сɽ¡
ʵ˲ҶҲ֪˭Ǹ߸֪࣬Ҳ֪ݴʲô
׵˼ҵĵ̣ҪҶһҲνŶӿǲ˵ģһҪ飬ӵӵΧֳֹҲá
Ҷ뿪Сɽº󣬲ݴʶܿ죬һ˴˳£һֻȵʪ͸˵ҰſߵӪصҶıӰ
ôҲû뵽ҶͲƵǲС
ղޱȣһ¾ͱסˣֻǵ̹ǵĸоˣһʲô춯ͻᱻһ
˵֮ǰҶͲúƣᣬ߸֪;ã̫ˡ
ҶһɫºɫӣƤͷ˸β·˦Ըɾ䡣
оߣҶ̤Ӫضİ׸ߵСǽʱͷһСɽµķһۣǵø߸֪ŵʶĶ£æҿ
ҶȻˣע߸֪Ķֱż뿪Żܡ
һ죬֪඼ȥץܣһȥˣջ񶼺ܺãҶ涼̲ס̾һ䣬̬ûƻ״̬ܺá
ӪؼӲͶ֪Ҷ׷׵л˰Լһ·᲻óԵĸ˳
ȥϼܲף˵ҪƱģУԣԵ㣬֪඼ѣֱֻҪŶڣлᣬǿԴץܻȥϪץ㣬Ұʲôġ
һץҰ˺棬֪ҲûвҴţ׷ʱش
˵ɽɽˮˮɽҰֵģʱʱͻӴԣŪҰҰżջģϪҲ㣬㲻õ˵û͵ĻҲȵû취ԡ
߸֪˵ţ˼ЦЦо֣ӺпֵģҲѧһ㣬ƽż׵ҰҰûνʲôġ
˸㣬뿪ӿˡ
½ȻЩʶĿҶķһۣǵãҶϲȼţŪֻҰҲܺȵ㼦
Ҷ沢ûЩĲɵģҲ֪ʲô
죬Ůͬ־Ҳ̲סȥˡ
ߵʱǻصҶҪҪһ𣬵Ҷܾˡ
ͬ־ȥɣиҪдͲȥˣĿĵ㡣
½ʱҶ淭ϵģǱʾһ¿ϧҲ̵ĺץȥˡ
һȥȥ˿Сʱǳȥ˶࣬ҲûʲôΣյĵطӪͼˡ
ȳȥ˻Ӫ˲֪ȥ˽Զĵطõ·ɽµʱץֻҰ
ӪΪǵջʢ˺һᡣ
ҶԼС̨ƣ룬̫Ⱥˣ·˳ȥ
ֵ˵һᣬҶʱˣŻ
ڸо߸֪ҶĪ뵽Сɽ£סͬ־֣ߵ˵˼䡣
ԭϴЦͬ־⻰ͷģȥŮͬ־˵
Ҷ棺ãʵҲȷǾãһܣҲ̫ˣעһĺá
Ҫע⣬ǶﶼϤҪŮͬ־˿Ҳ̫ĻȻû˵꣬Ҷͬ־֪ʲô˼
ͬ־ܿӪŮͬ־˵飬ǲȥץܵŮͬ־ϴ΢Ůͬ־Ǽ׵ϴﶼûй͵ƣſڹ͵ƣĨϴ
ﲻԶϪɽҰģӪﲻֹŮͬ־вͬ־ڣŮͬ־õϪϴ裬ֻܴˮϴϴ
ʵŮͬ־ֻҪǰ˵һҲͬ־ȥϪߵģĴȻмһ·أԣԷһ鷳һ㣬ˮϴϴĺá
ͬ־ûôˣʱԼȥϪϴ裬ȻǶ죬ϪˮɱȼˮˮůͶˣͬ־ѪȣҲ䡣
Ӫͬ־ԾҹƿϴΪǸŮͬ־ϴĻ
Ҷصʱ΢̽һ£СɽϹȻˣֻǲ֪࣬Ǵ
ΪˬĻҶûסܰĵݴһСɽ£ȻӪصķ


504 Ų

ڵϹУƾĵֺ˭ݺߴһ಻˵Сɽµ;УЩʯ;ǳ˴
ؼ˭֪ôһ£ǲСɽϵģǰҲûбĶôıߣ֮⻹ﰤۣĿ־ˡ
ѽʲôɾĶɣ
Ȼһ룬ǺȻĵײײԶ
ҶǻһĨЦ͵㣬ˣåǻá
ǲҽС½ȻֵӪΧѲ顣
˳ƳĵطȥҵСɽǣҵĽŲԡˡܵķٿӪصķɫʱѿ
½ȻӪ˵ˣôϲҪ뿪ӪأŮͬ־Ҫעⰲȫǵıͬ־ǰѵŮͬ־ֺҡ
Ͼڱ˵ĵطŶ񣬲ţ鷳ûץУȻҲҴȥ˵ֻö˶ע⡣
һţô֪˵شƫƧ뿪ߣŮͬ־뵽֮ǰ·ʱЩǷĿ⣬Ҳëˣȥץֵܴġ
ת죬֪֪࣬ɫ˺ܶ࣬ȷôåˣȢϱģм
ɽˮ⻰û취ϡ
˻ܺͿŶӴùϵϤϤŮͬ־ҲһȥһģܱĹӱ߸ɻˣ˶ķ㡣
Ϊ⣬Ůͬ־һȥʱȻǷţɱɣŮͬ־Ū·Ůͬ־ץһЩ
룬ǻûˢøأͱƻˡ
ȻŶӵ˶ûʲôųı֣ҲǾѿֻܲסεĵǸ
ûʲôϵһֱͣĵǸ֪ô£ÿŶӵ˶ӡ˼֡
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֪Ҳ˼ιҪȥԶһĵطŮͬ־㣬üŮͬ־˵ӡϲ١
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505 ĸڴ

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Сôһ˶Ҷ𾴼֣ɩأͷɲ˭ܵģοĸڴ𾴵ĺɩӵġ


506

ȻҲﰵ⣬ĪҶҲΪ˻İɣ
Ͳͼˣ޵ĺãΪĺÿ
ʱ򣬳ũģлϰĹ˭ϰ༸˲ŻҶ׽飬ЩΪ˸ãʮ˾껹ûм˵Ҳв١
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507

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508 

Сץץף۾صתɣȴҶעӵĿУǿѹĿİͰ͵ĿڣɩӣǸɶţţźأôء
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վڵ޹ɣεĳ˳ǣ


509 

Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬ϱߣսԴСһǿŵԺĿֳͿʼϹ
ʲôץҰòڵģ½˳룬ĹĹûġ
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516 Һˣ

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517 ׻

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Ҷ氲˸īŶҽĿڣҽ鷳ˣսʮȣӦ˿ڷ׻ŧġ
ˣҵְ𡣡
īͷļƴ󣬺ҩĶҽЩ֣ǣ
ŶҸղſյ͸˽µġҶû˵ǽֻ΢һ£˳ưѸīϵĽ˺
£ҶҲд˾١
˵ЩʲôرȽĶҲûʲôصģʱûеģҶ治鷳ҽһԸī룬ժˡ
ҲҶ棬īŹԹԵͷͼͷǰ˺ü˱ˣ˵ʱˣǿҪбīΣա
£
Ҳ֪ʲôҩܹ࣬ã
İɣ
ҽЩ֣Ҷ˳ְ˺µĽûأСһԾʹ쿪ʼǣҽֻĻ
ţ˿ڻŧĺҵø⣬þֲЩۣš
ҽǰĽֻīĮɨһۣȻּҶˡ
˵ͬ־ˣīȻ˿ڶ࣬ϸ˵ûȱ첲ȱȵģϡٵûãңԸīڵ״̬á
ҽһ˵Ҷ治΢˼һ£ͬⲻˡ
ҽԣεǳ˳飺
˵ôҸӦ
ҽһЩεʱҶ濪ˡ
ҽ㶯ְɣգ״̬ã
䣬ҶҲСºҽڣ˫Ÿīտ˫۾һһٵīЩۣһ̣òã
ҶĿøīŵϵ÷㣬۾΢΢Ծõı顣
ԵŮͬ־Ȼº͵ĺ͸ī˵һ˿Сӵ˼ҽһ¾סˡ
СһЩ˼ץץ°ͣƲߣȴסҽæһ£㿪ʼɩӰѸźסʱ㲻ʼʲôء
ûеרҵ԰
ҽСһƣŻعεĺȻһ˵һ䣺ҪʼˡȻִ
Ҳøī˼ҶϣҪȻҽô㶣ǿҶסͱīɼˡ
ŧĸȻô׵ģοûʱҽ¸īôѵ״̬»Ȼˡ
ǳϵģīֻҽӿʱ͵תͷһۣ׺ݵı飬ҽþߵ䡣
ܿģҶѸīԴ˻ȥ㣬Ҿߣīһᱣģңˣòã


522 վ

һŮͬ־һͬ־˵ᱣ⻰ȽЩ˼飬ͬ־Ůͬ־ô˵ġ
ıﶼǺܺģǶҲ̧ڱǰ˵Ļ
ҶպĻ˵ּ֣档
ҽһ£ȵĿһҶ棬ԼǵԼʹҲֻǿһ£ͺܿƿĿ⡣
СҲ⻰ˣ֣ɩӺ͸˵飬ɲ֪ģԼҲֻ֪źɩӸܺãοźɩһɲ٣Ĳˣ໥໥飬𣡣
ҽ㵵ı飬С¼ֲֵߺߣɩӾôãҪȻǸһֱǡ
Ǹźɩӵĸôãʲôҽҽʲôųֻܿվ
ǶøŶ࿴һۣˣƽĹҽҲƻźɩӵĸġ
īûҶ棬Ƕκ
ҽ㿪ʼɣһῴҶġ˵⻰ʱҶ۾һתָڸīϵ˵㣬õ۾ﲻɺЦ
ۣǣһ̣ܿ͹ȥģòã
īĵͷʵҲûӦҶ˵ʲôֻģ˵òãʶҪ˵ãȻͷˡ
ҶɲҽС»ʲôֻøīģֻȻҪˡ
Ҷô˵ˣҽЩĵģɲţī˿ҶĻ
ۣû󲻵ģѵҲܰסοǸī˿̻״̬
Ҷͷʾʼҽԥһ£ҧµˡȻҲ˸īܻΌᰤĿܡ
Ҷ޳ִĸоģѹ˸īյĲʣ۾
īûסҶĲ˲䣬ȻԺҲû뵽бڣ˾ǲǲס
ҽѾµûпһĻһԸҽֵСⲻƳһ£￴ī¶ıǣ룬ǶҶĻƺҲ;ˡ
С¼֪īҶãɿһĻǻĽֹźɩӵĸǺãҲѹָŶ˭ٴɫͶɩˡ
ΪҶİԼҽµʱ򣬸ī۵ʶһ£ţҶ浣۵ĿУһ³Ȼҽ
ΪоҶĵģī˵棬Ҳۡ
Ҷԣһ飬ȴͷӦһš
һͲţҲֻиīĽˡ
ҽһ˼󣬼ī˺һЩ仯ûʹľٶɾȣƳһҶ͸ī
ʱҶŸīüëīǹɵҶ棬񱻵˲һ
ҽһæһﾪⲻЧѽ
Ҳǵһθī˿ˣǵһμī㣬˵˶ԼϲŮǰӢּۣǿηøеıܣī״̬ãѹʲôûõʱ
ƫƫȴҶĻôܲҽ
ҽһ㡣С·ҽķ񣬵˵һ䡣
ǸϣⰡûһ¶۵ɲˡ
ҽܿ񣬲ΣæɫҺ档
СµĻҶҲˣһ߸˸īüǣһɨһҽķ򣬼СĵĲûг˵ʲô
׻ŧ˿ڲô׵飬ڸīͦϵģҶİ£δҶ
СԱߴ֣ҲľսüΣҽµʱ򣬶ԼƤۣͺ񱻸һ
սϵĺҽԺ˿࣬ҲӦ֡
ܿ죬һ˿ڴãҩϣҩɴ
˵ۣôʵ˿ӿ˫ˮζ͸˵ˡ
ƸƤ΢һ£۵ıQοҪϵĴ˿ڡ
ǰҽװ˫ˮĲƿӣԥĿīٿҶ档
ҽԥҶ濴ҲЩģٵģҲü
Ҷ濴һҽͷȻս˸ī˫֣ī֪ۣһ̡
СҲ֪Ҫζܹġ


523 Ըī

˿ǺɫĲƿӣС²ɵĭŻ᲻۵Ĳô˿ˣ
ɩӣϣ𣿡СЩûյʵҪϵ˿ڻ崦ء
ǰҽͷ
ûʲô˭̵ס
˵ī״̬УûӦǸīӦˣҽҲǲֵģû˭ܳסġ
һ˿ڻУɸīϵ˿ڶ࣬٣ڻڸղ֢Уֱѩϼ˪
ҪȻҽԥ˵Ѹţ
ô˿ڣûǻе˶ܱĲҽЩԱӣʹͲǳܵġ
Ҷһ⻰ʶĿ˸īһֻۣãĿѹͲܱҪԸ
СҶһ£ҡͷǰ˿ڣҪģҪô󡣡
СһҲǰܿʵͰѸŰϣͺˣ
ҽҲͷӦÿԡ
Ҷֿ˸īһۣҡͷˡ
˵ķáҶ棺С£ˣ֮ǰʲô𣿡
С¶ʱǰ֮ǰԼʱⷿİǱٵĲˣǽ϶˼ѷ죬Ըŵֵ˰סö˵ס˿ڡ
ҽ֪ҶС´ʲôգС¶ĿһǽڣҲſһۣȻûʲô֪вͨģǾ
ǣô죿ô˵ţҽ˾ٲƿӣսսģܾԼһжͻᰤᣬԤмǿҡ
ҶҲ֪˿ʱۣûаøīϾ˵ıܰ
С°Ѹīεģԣǣãô˿īƺܿѣǹʱʧѪɲһ
취ļīƺҶעϣüסҶ΢΢սʾԼĲ
棬ˡ
Ҷ滹취ͻȻīôһףЩΣ
ҽСҲ⻰ճ鴤һ£ˣţšܽҲǡˡ
ҿ㣬һ̣ҩвУ
ҽͲãţʱ֪ʲô
Ӧһ£һ̲סһ°
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ҽ䣬Ҷ滹ûб̬أīתͷ͵صһۣ룡
Ҳ֪īǲҽҶ˵ǲҽ顣
īͨ۾ôһɣҽ岻ɲ˲ѵĭ뿴ҶʾīĲϣǣͷſƫһ£̧ͷС¡
ҽҲˣīճҶĽ˵һҪռסҶעҪǿҶ棬īпܻᰤᡣ
С㿴ʲôʲô취ɩ⡣
ҶˣѸīԴ˻ȥֺЦ֪ܵҽ㻹Ҫأ˲ʲôõģ˵ʱԿͷҲеİ
ҶҲ֪īڲ뵽ģԣҲû˵
ȻȥһС·ȻץץԴ˵
˵ȱǣҪãôҲһݳġ
ҽҡͷҽ֪ж٣һαҲû䱸̫࣬ҪԱ̫ˣѹͲġ
УҲ᲻òǡ
ܶԱҪҪȻһЩƣеʹԱ;
ȱҽҩĽܶԱ̫صģֻӲôơҽҲܲģʲô취
ҶҡͷûСȥ
ˣȥˣҺ˵˵׵ġ
ī˵㣬ǡҶ濴ŸīĿڣ˵һ£Ȼ˵һҪסҪҩûУ
ī״̬ܺã˵ЩѵģҶҲôţڣҲֻĻīǿˡ
Ҷ뷨ҪǱСһĺɩӣǫˣǿǺĻ
ģ˭õģ˽ģɩӵĻûоܾġ
ҽҶǺĺ͸ī˵Щ֮˵ǲգ죬ʲôҲ˵ϾҲû취


524 Ϊ

īƺյĸˣûл˯գͨ۾Ҷ֣ԼձߣĦš
Ҷﲻ̣ûаѿռóǽĿīҲף֮Ҫס
ҩûбڻУҽרҵҽǰֱ鷳ǲӣפأ鷳
óֻû취Щ˲룬˾ỳģԣֻܲš
ȻҼסţҽ̽Ե顣
ȻҲ֪ԼһҲãֻǣҲʵû취˰
²Ҳǲ߲ǡ
УСµһҡͷ
ôˣ
Ҷ棺ȷС
Ըī˵״̬ҽСΪͣԵʣҪм˹˵ˣǶˣīܶԹţһ̲סӿߣ˵ġ
ڵ״̬ıߣǸīǱ˼ԼıһַʽҶұķʽ⣬Լīӽʱָж
ҽһ⣬Ҷ棬ֿС£˶ûҪ͵뷨ֻεץ
Ҷ˹θīıӣȻָ̧°ͣһһٵĿڣī
˵ҪҵģҲǳʲôģ԰ɣ
⻰Сºҽû˼Ҷ滰󣬸īüͷڣ棬£һһֱڵġ
˵΢΢˻Դ۾һαãǣͺղŵһ̵΢ǻþһҶһᣬӣѹ۾ɬҽʼɡ
ҶôƶҽȻǺ£һһᣬҲʾС°æţԼʼˡ
˫ˮӴ˿ڵһ˲䣬ī屾ܵҪҶѹסļ򣬲ͣ˵֪ۣ֪ۣī֪ۣһ̣ܿ͹ȥˡ
ڸīʱҽס˫ˮĲƿӾٵĸ߸ߵģԷīʱƣĵȻһ£ʵʲġ
ܿ;ˣΪīûĶûоܾҽ΢Ȼæ
Ҷ濿ϵ÷ĻԺīֻ΢һ£Ҷİ£壬˫ˮ˿ڵŰ
īܿͺˣܿͺˣΪңһ̡
˶Ҷ⻰Ǻ帵īģֻҶ֪ʲô˼
ī̲סҲóһֻԣҶ⻰ڸ߸ī̲ȥôóҾͻ鷳
Ҳ֪īǲҶ˼̧ḧҶӣܣҶۡ
Ƕ죬ɸī۵Ķͷϣð˲ٵĺͲ԰׵ӲҰ
ҧʹѹҪܵ뷨Ŀʱʱ۵飬Ҷܲܡ
ѹŸīļ򣬶Ǹ΢ʪͷ
Ҷû˵īҲûп˾ôŶԷ飬ۡ
ҽСæ˲Ͽˣܱ˵һĻҭ
īĸǿ£˿ںܿãҩȻϡ
ôŵĲ£ҽԼͷðһЩˡ
ɴһˡںˣѹ̫ˣ
һСºܿӻţкüء
ڷҲ̫ˣ
ҽһ飬һ˿ڣ֪ôֻܼˣԸţһֱôϡ

ҽԴ˱ʾܻɡ
ѯʵĿҶ棺ҪҪϢһ£
Ҷͳīȥͷյĺ飬ûпҪһ˿ڲӣοһһỹҪۣϿŪãҩ룬ָ
ܺãѾŪһˣһ̣òã
īû֨һȻͷ
ǣҶĵ׵ۣҽͷʾ
ʹܿҽĲīһβһ£ֽšҶ濴Ÿī㣬ҲܲܣüΣֶ˶Ҫ쵽ó׻ˡ
īҲ֪۵Ҷóʲô֣սսҶ涼Щֻһ룬΢΢ɿ־


525 һҪ

Ҷиоոī֣룬ͳһɿ
Եģûôˡʵīǵģ۵ʱעȥסܣԲĴɿ
īԹԵĺɿҲ֪ڻζҶղָⴥ촽ĸоɿζü仮һĨá
ϲҶٺһЩ
ҽҷ񣬶С´ҲŵĺˣѹûҶ͸īĻ
˿ŧĸʱī۵ĵ˼
Ҷ״ԼַŵߣҪ۵̲סˣҧҡ
⻰һԵҽСµĿ⣬ŷӦôǿҵʹ£ǾȻ˸īһҧĶתע
С°յɩӣȥҸľƬҧϡ
ҪǸŲСûסҧɩӣѹһۺڵģС¿ɲðա
ͷСҽأô뿪
Ҷҡͷˡ
С»˵أɼҶ鲻ݾܾҲʵû취߿ֻõͷûᣬǵĿһۣĵţɵóסҧɩӣ۵Ŀ϶Լ
ڴߵ֣ī۵ĳȴûҶ˵ҧǳ촽ֱ
ٶ˵С̽Ҷģ¶µģ˵ܡ
ī㡭ôﲻء
£㸵ī۵ûסҧҶ棬ҲģƫƫûС
ԽԽãͻ㵽ʱûȥ˺ӡڹı
ҶɬһúյˣǺ۾
ī˿ȫãѾȥСʱˡ
ͬձˮ̳һʹƳĺʪϸջϵ·
СºҶһѸī£Ҷڴߣɸīս֡
ҽ᳤ĳһȻ̧ӺҲͷϵĺҶ涣
Ҷͬ־ţ˿ڴˣڷգ˿ڸȾŧģ룬ҩֻҪյĻͲ󡣡
˿ѾҲˣҩأҶҲ帵īȥˣʣµģ͵ÿīָˡ
˵ʱ򣬻ͦεģƨƨϣҶ治뿪īߣȻҽͱ뿿Ҷ˵ʲôС
ǣҶֻðֵݸīţԼתǿĴһ롣
СһԣЦһĻֹţԸѹһĻʱ򣬲ճŭ
ʱ˭СοīͲãԣ˭Ҳòʡ
һÿСʱһģڼ䣬ҪǸţκβʣȥ֪ͨҡ
Ҷգ˼䣬С°ҽˡ
ǵã˳ǸŪǰĺõࡣҶ滹ǵøīûԷ飬˵ʱԹҲӦòʳˡ
С£ǣɩӣġ
ҽС³ź󣬱˵£ţˣԼȥͿˣϽţŪԵİɣʱָҪ
ã֪ҽС»䣬ֿˣ͵͵ġ
ҽǸ층ŵɲ˵Ҫܡ
ҽͷӦ£Сֵлһ飬żæ°ȥ
ʱ̫Ѿҽӭ̫֪ףСܵĲǸī˵飬ǲܰѸī˹Щɵľٶ˵ȥ
磬ҪҶͬ־顣
磬˿ڣһˬĿӺͱʱҪҶͬ־ڡ
ֱ磬ҩҶͬ־Ųųԡ
ҽЦЦεҡͷ˵ֱĳֱֱ⻰˵ôҲ뵽ˡ
ҽī˵Ḷ́һô̫ˣӦ˵̫ˡ
̵̳ĺ˰@@ŵս񣬾ս˲ѵʱЩŮ鳤
ī·ʱ򣬿ɲȴףҽҪűڵǰͷССĵĸī·Ҷأӿǽǰ
Ҷ͸īֺ˼ӵĽǰỹǸīܿҶǰ
°ʱֵʱͰ緹ãһЩѾԱȥˡ
С¹ȥ°ģţķݸٽӻʱѾܣȻܿ죬Сĸһͷʹˡ


526 縵īǰĶ

룬СҪһͷһˮ󼦵
ſܺУɩҲó԰
һŲܣɩҲûù
Сºܿŷ裬װ˷еߡ
ī۾ֽҶ֣ҶһֱţС˯һᶼС
뵽ûгԷҶҲûȰһ˶˯Ҳ١
ŲҶ滹ûлͷīͰߴҶϣתݵϡ
īһˣҪ𣬲жͱҶ水סˡ
Ҷ
Ҷ治īֵȷѾ̫̫Ѿ˼㣬ûлȥֻǲҶѣһֱǵãҪġ
ԣ˹īʶҪѾ޷սˡ
ᱻҶ水Ųīֻţã۾ŵǡ
û£ҶŸī˫ս֣ıԼ˼
ӣ㾫񻹲
Ҷͷ֮ǰվſڵһĸڴĸɣװҶԿһ¼£ǣӪһģҲܺ͸ī࣬Ҳ˽⡣
ǿīãûӦҲ⣬ֱǽߵϡ
˳ŸīҶյ䵽Ҷϣ˿Ҷ棬ϾĿڣǸīĶ󣿡
Ҷ˵䵭һҲԼǲ̫ˡ
⣬ҶǸīĶ󣬲ɮ濴棬ԸīݣӸҶˡ
˵ҶУңʿŹµĳƺڣƾҶϷ򸾵ľ޴Ĺ׺˶ÿҶϷ򸾵ϣҶ漸ֱ棬οҶûκѱؾأûдΪ
Ҷû֪ǣ֪īĹϵģ˵һʼɣɲ
ô˵ҲǸīͬţǣսѰɣڸīȶʱҲ磬Ҷܺþ͹ˡ
ҪʾҪ˸īء
Ҷ潿ģΪǸģóŸīʱ۸һ£֪һھͱҭˣһ¾ͺ١
֪ں˭˵𣿡
֮⣬֪˭ô˵
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һ£ʶҡͷ㲻ǸīĶ𣿡
ҵ㣿
ҡͷ
Ҷʣ㲻֪ǸīĶ󣿡
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˵ʲô˭ˬˡ
һĨҺΣҶЦһ£ְѸī»ıӸá
ҵҲ˵ɣһǵһμ棬û㣬֪ǸīĶ˵ʱҳ磬͸īйڣ벻
֮⣬Ҷ˵ʱ۸һŮͬ־Ҳ
ɲҪңڱģս鰡һ仰Ҷ溬Ц˵ƮƮģС
һſڣݣ
û취ҼҸīԴǣϲϻ£ҲϲЩƵСŮоҪٳĬԵģǲñ۸
Ҷ˼˵ľûٵ۸һ˵Ůͬ־һ˵£ϻһĨΡ
һתܿ˱ǺĲã״ɻô֪ī̸˶󣿡
㲻֪ȥˣƾ˵ʱΪ㲻֪жҲ֡ҶҭһҲ֪Ϊ
㣡Ҷһףˣ⸵ī˾ˣôҲôˣȻһ˲һš
ҶɲţֻҪפֻҪû¶ʲôţ͸īͲʲô飬ԣԷȻҲ磬Ҳ
󷽷ȥȽֲ˸ī
˻һ۸īƺûѵģһҪøīڵ뷨޵ߵûĵõģīǰĶ󣬿ɲ˲ֹһġ
ŶҶЦˡ
ֲ㵱ȻҪҺˡ֮⣬ֲҪ֪Һòʲô
˵ģīǰĶ˭ûиȥʮˣй˵ˣᶼûкɼҪôЩ׫ģҪôЩνĶڸīûаλá
Ҷֻû˵ѻһҲ߼ˡ


527 ܴ

ĿҶ棬ǺһЦҿû˵ѣīǰôţﲻʲôܣһ˶֪
ǺǣǰɡҶ΢΢һЦûһ뿴աʼɡʵı飬ͺ۵Ǳһ

ҪϵĩͰ׻ˣĩʲôļıûСƣҪǷϾ͹ˡ
ȻҲΪīһʼͶҶ̹̹ģûʲô
״ĵʣīҪǶǰĶôĮ飬ѵ㲻£㲻ԼҲЩŮͬ־һ
Ҫϲܲ⣬èץһǿţѼӲɣߺߵīҴ̲㣬ҭҲһġ
Ҷ濴һ۱ȴǿûιȥ˻ȴû취ѽ͵ĸīЩۣīôԼ˳
Ҫ֪û£˵һ᲻һ֮¾뿪
֪ǼٵģﻹǺܲأԣīһָңҪȥС
ҶĬϺܿ컮һĨЦԼѾҶҪˡ
˵ûĸŮ˻᲻ģοҶ泤ôÿһǱŹ˵ˣ϶ġ
Ǹоİ⣬Ҷعɨһۣ񵭵ģҲģϵıǶľȡ
飬һĪ
ĻҶʮҭĹǺ
Ҫô˵ӣ㻹ǺϣĶİˣǰ̸ĶˣһͦģҾͦСģҰͲøīЩ˶Įġ
ԣīⲻˣǶԸī˾ٵϲ⡣
Ҷ̿ν̵ãһӾˣҪ˵УǾ˵СҪ˵ԣ˵Ե󷽣ĸܲԼԼбˣⲻǸԼñ
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ؼҶıôôǷ̡
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С»˵أҶѾˣҸīֻա
ˣɩӣҸղżܣӪˣʲô飿СûгԣһԣҶιһʱʵ
ܣӪҶ״ǲʵǰȥͬ־
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С˵һ£̽ԵĿڣӪղǲǺɩ˵ʲôˣ
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ҶСһۣ״ҲΪС£͵ҲΪңǹҴڸУ˳̼һǸŶѡ
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Сɵֵۣʲôʷŵģô֪
䣬鵭ƺҶ棬ЩղΪʲô뿪ˣǱɩģ
ô֪˵б۾ġҶһ˵ţһ߼ιīࡣ
īûʲôθڵģҶ䣬͹ԹԵĺˣҶιһڣһڡ
Ҳ֪Сǲǿ˸īҶĻҶīι࣬ȻҲΣúǺгۡ
˵кüš
Сԣæ۲Ҷı飬ɴ￴ʲôּιīľٶ糣ƣɩǲ⻹ǲ⣿
ȻûпСҲ֪鲻Ҷô˵ģ͵ɩӣӪ˵ںɩ̸֮ǰһֱǹһ˵ġ
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528 ۹

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֪ˣ֪ܲŽͣźòҵɩôõģҪǱˣҲ̫ϧˡ
ܣӪö˶˵ģЩʲô㲻˵Ǹǣս𣡡
⡭СЩΣӣԥһ£ʵ˵ˡ
ģӪ͸ŵȷЩԸǹϵģǡȿȣǸϵġ˵ЩΣȻСΣվڸߵģȻɩḵˡ
С»䣬ҶеĲӲ᲻صķڷϣǿСһۣȻͷīã
ƽƽûκεȴСһ˲ÿЩ
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ҶƺûСεĽͣɩӣһڸ䣨֣ϣԣܣӪЩܣӪߣȻܣӪͰˡ
ҶȻ⻰ֲǸī˵ģ͸īʲôϵӦҴݵ˲ǰ
С¼˵ҲͰˣȥû꣬ܣӪϲһŮͬ־ϲϸţȻѵ͸Ÿףñ·˿˳ȥܣӪԼñ˵û˼Ҷ󣬶ȴϲˣͰѸżˡ
˵ţСҡҡҲ޹ɩӣ㶼֪Ŷ֪ѵ׵Ůͬ־ʲô֡
ҶЩЦŹԹԺĸīЦ㲻޹ǹ
⻰ҶŵģɳĮһ鹤Ůͬ־īǹ²Űֺ˶Ϻŵģ棬ǲȥЩ޹ؽҪˡ
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ŶҶͷʾԼš
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˵ҪһµģЩϸīŮͬ־۹⻹ǺܺõġҶգ۵׻һĨЦ⡣
СЩĵ˵ɩӣǧܣӪ˵֮ǰû̸Ķ󡣡
ҲġҶ滰䣬ЦЦұҲûЩʲôʣҶī׿ں˵ġ
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Ҷιī࣬С¸Ͻһ緹ˡ
С¼ҶĲԣ緹ҲˣҲûƴǣˣЩʱɩҪǶˣȥʳŪһݾˡ
Ҷոīι࣬˺ı۾˯ţˡ
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529 ҶĹ

wԣֿһ۸īɫ˵ͷҪղУղǹʱҽˣһҶͬ־Ҳæһˡ
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Դֻڣչ˸īѣǲࡣҶ״Щ˼ЦЦ֮ǰûкλкʧ֮wţ
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ȻwԼפȴɿ˵ĸо˲òϣҶӡѾ֮ǰĽԱ˴ϻۻ顣
֮ǰøīҶ浱󣬹ϲģĺõŮͬ־ԭڿǲһвò
ˣҶǹϸûʲôʧʧġİ֣ȻЩֵ˵ҲвԵĵطϾҲû˵ϸж󰡣֪Ҷ»ڿŶо
˻֪Ҷ治֣˭ھ͸ſŶվ˵ĵء
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˶Ҷ͵Ըֶֺӡ
С˼䣬ҶҲۻˣȰȥϢ˳Сȥҽī鿴
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ҽһĻƺΪʲôīѵʱ򻹻ʶҶˣԼԭɡ
ĿǰٵƿҩˮֻҪע첻Ҫվûʲôˡп˿ڵĲ֢ҲпһЩ˿ɾ֮飬ûпܵġ
СһҲŷһЩ
ֻǣ˶֪ķĻ̫ˡ
Ϊǵ˼䣬СҲһֱҶôŸīΪֻչ˸īҪҶȥϢ֪īһֱҶ֣С·ҶȰȥϢˡ
ҲûԶڸС˯ҶʲôҪһͿˡ
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530 ļ

Ҷһ£ӺٷᶯһΣһΣ΢Ҫī֣߬ס
Ҷֻõͷߣһ䣬󣬸īɿüͷҲɿ
С£㿴ŵ㣬ȥȥͻءȥһ˳Ե㶫
ϿС¶ĲŲ;֪ˣԶ㣬ҲûʲôöǳԼռĶʡҪ˰ɣʡһһ㲻ǡ
ҶҲ׼ЩʱīԵ㲹ѪʳȻǰǵðС֧ȷ;ŲС
СͷҶȥŷ֣ī֪ʲôʱѾ۾һֱҶ뿪ıӰȴû˵
ҶҲ׼ЩʱīԵ㲹ѪʳҪȻ֪ʲôʱܰá
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ϱӦ˯ĸīСһӦæʣţˣҪҪȵˮţһɩӻҾȥŪֻܳԵʳˡ
ˣţҪϲ𣿡
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ͷ𣬸ţ㶼֪ûаŶɩҲŻˡ
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פŮͬ־һЩҽͻʿȻһЩŮ棬Ҷ΢˵·
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ȻһĺɩӣЩ˾͸ˡ
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ǵĸļԽǲ˵ҾԽ档
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֪Ǻô𾢣⻰ȻûŵģǲҴŲ˵
Ǿǲ֪֪ɩӡ
⻰˵˵û˵ʣ´̽˾˵֪ʼˣһ䱣Զˡ
ҶûЩ飬ŻûнţӭСе
ɩӣ˰СվſڣǼеı顣
ҶͷΪСҪżʲôȥݺ󣬺ܿ׹
Ÿī۾ԼҶü𣺡ôû˯
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СһԸϽҡͷͣɩӣһȥžѹˣôȰϢִҪ㡣
Ҷ棺Ϊ˲۵ī֪ȻΪڡ


531 

ǳȥ˰Сʱأôţ
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οҲˣŻȽϵճѡ
ߣҶ»ıһЩڣīҲȥˣ˯ҴӦģһֱ㣬˯۾һܿҡ
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СµûιɣΪī˯ѣϾϵ˲٣ʱҪ˯ָܵʱûҪǿư˽ѡ
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ҶղҲˣīһʱĺò˵ģС¸ʳһֱԶٶҪһ㣬ԲŶ˿ӡ
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Ҷ֪ЩǸīţ˵˽
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Ҷղžˣ׼Ƥ¯ӣ˵³ŪһʳˮˮģƤ¯ȻǿԵġ


532 û

ҪȻ͹ЩС࣬ʲôûУҶɲĸīô壬ֲССˣƵˣˣٲúò壬Ҫˡ
Ƥ¯ӣԵҲ㡣
СҶ˵ҪƤ¯ӸīŲͣǵͷܿɻ󣺡ɩӣ𣿡
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ҶɨСһۣȻû˵һҲС֪Լ˵ˣæ֣ɩӣʲô˵ţԣɩտѾˣŪЩ֪˲ͬġ
䣬С²ɵΪԼĻǶ⣬ⶼܱԲ
ȻСŬԲ˵Ҷֲǲ֪˼뵽ԼĳգҶҲЩΣѾˣΣһЩˮˮԲԼκεĶ
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Ϊ֮ǰС¾͸Ҷ˼ֻҶûӽīСˣҲû롣
ʱ򣬸ī΢ѹҶֳ˰С࣬Ҳͺ˵仰ֻ˯˹ȥ
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533

ҶԽԽģعŸīһģ԰׵ΪʶüͷƤµڣðţ촽
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״̬ԳţһѹġԣѾ⵽֪뿪ˡ
Ҷܿﻻҩݺ󣬼īڻ˯ҽ˵ȴûһ˿ĵĸо
Ҫһֱգô죿Ҷ浽ûаѸīճʮ˵ֻתĻ˸ʷ
⼸죬ЩҪû취̫࣬һŬʱġ


534 ҪԴ

ҽô죬ҪգҪȻһĲ֢ġ
ţƣþƾЩû˿ڵĵط¡
⻰ΣҽҲ˵һ룬īϹɴϼûõĵطҪƾҲѡ
⡭ҽһ£˵һţܴʲᷢˣԲ̫ģңղִһˡ
ԲһŰ壬Ҹ£ͷӺʲôġ
СһŽŰҲмˡ
֮ǰҶС¶֪īŵװˣǷºС¸īЬҶøҪñӣзֵġ
ʱҶ滹īţһ룬۵Ķľˣﻹ֪˵
û֪īôڽŵװô˿ڵʱ򣬻ôԶûµһ
СµȥڸڿīϴǰµŽŵװɴɴ϶Ѫ
ȻСҪŲҶ濴Ҷ濴īЬǲµˡ
ҽǾͲĵطҲ̫ģţ
ҲΣţȻûкЩԱһˣϴССǳǳ˿Ҳ٣Щ˿ڻûĵǾʲôѵһƴս
Ҷ濴˿ҽ֪ЩǰοĻѣī֪Ĳҽ١
ֻԤƺܴʲᣬмʻٷաϾСʱû֪
ҽܿˣкܶԱҪ鿴һֱš
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Ҷ桰û۾ô
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ڻ˯У֪ôģͻȻԴһȻԺ۾ͿҶڶŶΪһӾǿԼ˹
ãöˣһ㡣ī䣬ʵ۲ۣԹûУ


535 źܹ

ҳԹ˰һͳˡҶ˵ţ⣬Ҹīã֪ȴҲĳԵõģܸӡ
գҶЩ񣬲Ÿīģ˶ǸīĶˣôҵģҲûɣ
֪ΪʲôҶ뵽īҵģЩ𣬵Ȼģһı
ƺų˵һҲñŤ
ī֪ҶĻܿʣ棬ԹСôȥʳã
Ҷ棺ûг԰ȳԵģϻҩʱ򡣡
ʵԼ͵Сûгפʳðˡ
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ǸīڻָоͷĺҶ˵˼䡣
񻹲С»ûлҶ׼ιʳ
СҲŵµģҶһС࣬һι˸ī
Ҷι棬īԵҲ棬һιһ˳ԣﰲֻʣ˽
żҶ˵һ䡣
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С½ʳŪ˼С׳ģʳĴѹʱҲ̶һˣҲá
īһţһ߳ԣʱʱĵͷӦһ䣬ʱ򣬾Ҷ˵Ҫתʹ
ų˰룬īҡͷ棬Բˡ
㻹ûǰ֮һķҶ˵ʲôֻϢú˯һҾ㡣
īɨһ۷ҶϣĿӣƵۣ棬ǲһû˯
Ҷһ£ûа˯ˡ
Ҫƭңҿˡ
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ǣɩӡ
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Ҷȥ˯Լʱ򣬵Ǳ˺һ£½Ȼæ
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ԣеҪҰæҹȥס죬ҪȻϼӰ࣬ᳳңҲ㡣û˵ī飬Ҷڳһڡ
½ȻʣҶ¸īڣҲû˵ͽּ˵䣬ʹСŶˡ


536 һҲ

Ҷ˯Ĳе紵ݶܿѹ
ԣڴС΢ֹʱҶܿ۾
ǵһʱʶȥ鿴üͷ첻ѱսռ䣬˯̴ϣȻ΢ϴһ£Ŵš
Ҷķһ򿪣ڸīִСºһŮͬ־Ŀ⡣
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ʲôô֪ҪϢ𣿡ҶЩ䣬˵ϢָǸī
СżԲɩӣûдá
Ҷ治ȥָ̫࣬һ۽סŮͬ־ֿСһۣҲԼĲˣﳳ䣬;ֱԽС£īȥˡ
С½ֵһʮģ׾Ůͬ־ɫװͷɱӴǰΪղźСִԵʣ΢죬ʱȵ쿴Ҷ档
ҶŮͬ־ƲŻع񣬼Ҷôö֮Ľ˸īݣС¾Ȼûпһû
ֲŵĿС£ɣ㲻˵˭𣿡
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ϵĴź޹⣬ôȻԼһĽ˸īӡ
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С»ûüڻشĻҶ治õʹﴫ˳
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֪īʲôʱֿʼյģ̽˶ͷòԾǹһͷָīѾյʮˣСҽԼǸϿīܽ¡
ҶﴫСһһ㶣һ룬ӦҲ˲øˣһ߰Ⱦǰͷܣһߺɩӣȥ
ʱûסҲҶղŵĻˣﵣģݡ
ΪҶֻǰŹϣûϣԣ׵ľͰƿˡ
վڵģС¾ûʲô飬ȥԷϢһ£֪˸ߣˣ˳ҶһĻ
Ҷֻƫͷһ۽򣬱ֻͷŸī
ҶڴߣһŸī֣һŸī
ܵһҲܼɵľٶԭء
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˰죬û˵ȫ
ȥҶͷҲء
ƾʲô𾪶عһҶ⻰ˣ㣬ҪҪһŮͬ־ôţſ


537 Ե

ܸīµҶǳ˳飬ղžŮͬ־ǳŸīģᡣ
ȻҶ治ˬˡ
죬ȥҶŤͷ˼֣ǽǵƤ¯̿ҲΪҶĲö˼֡
ʱ²١
ҶΪ˼ɸīԭ򲢲󣬵ȴ򲻽˸
ңҡҲȥҶĿ⣬ĭѵĻһ䣺ҵÿ㡣
ԼҪǳȥˣ˳ûԸţʲôĻô죬ԼҪŲС
İĵطҶ治ʲôī鷳Ҳĩûй˼ɵ磬ˬĿ˸īһۣһǸˡ
īٲϿЩ߰ˣ㿴һ᲻㡣
ƺָһŴŵ߿
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˵ԼлʱԵá
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Ҷ治ûÿֻһֱڷڸīϣ֮ǰһֻŸī֣һַڶͷ
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档īҶ棬Цޱȣͺþúþûкˮһ
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һѹҽСæ֪Ҷ϶ţʣһ£ȴ˿ڵĺã˻ᵣġ
С¶֪ī뷨һĿ⿴ſڣ׹ⲻ˿ڴˣС¾Ϳźˡ


538 

Ҷ沢ûȥǿҽʵҽô
˿ڷ׻ŧˣղҩˣֻҪעͿˡҲû취飬˿ںϣīôѹ˿ڣֳʱ䲻ҪҲѡ
ɲҲУߵ˿ڲҲ֪īʱʲôΣգ˿ڲλٶ٣뵽һЩըƬҽֲˡ
ڸī˿ڷ׻ŧҽȥŧҺúҩٸī룬ιҩʱҲûбİ취ˡ
Ȼ룬ҲûôգţѹʹǿԵġ
Ҷգ˼䣬ȷⲻ΢һҽлл㰡㡣
Ҷͬ־ˡ
룬ҽֽţҪǾһЩˣҲһֱţ΢ѹź˿һֱá
áҶܿӦˣ죬һġ
ҽ˵һЩ⣬뿪
ʵҽǺܺ渵īҶദģϾ֮ǰ˸īѵʱһĻھͻʶҪʲôû취˭øīƽտġ
ȻīˣûϷԿﲻеϧ
ҽһߣҶ沢û縵īߣǾֱϣ˵ûпīһۡ
档
ҶֻĿ˸īһۣתĿ⣬ûһ
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540 

ҶԼĵ׵һĨɬȴûƵ΢΢кڵ¶ȶȻȣȻҲһӣܿˡ
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541 δ

һ˲ɷ˿Ҷ棬ֿ˿ҶɫԱͲٵĸīƺʲô
֮ǰΪʲôᱻСˣһòһıʾ룬̫˶ѡ
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542 Ķ

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543 Ȼ

δޣڣҲù˼ɰɣⶼûнأֲҽԱô˼һͬ־Ĩŵġ
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544

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˵䣬ûڿڣǰҹҲ¸СһС¹ǲزסˡ
Ҷ治֪īûڸκλӦ
ڸīԺʶһŻΧ
һһСĵطҶ浣żīͼƻȦǲſͱƵĺˡ
һʼīͼȦÿһΣֻܵһ룬ͱһӴŻ˻ȥһһΣôҲܲȥ
ܿ죬λã𽥱ܵһ𸲸ǣڣī֪ôġ
һδε벻˻ȦİΧһʱ䣬¶ԽԽߡ
֮ǰīҪȥһ룬ڣȦƵĻ۵ڵϴ
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ô׺ݵһ£īԭΪԼܿͱȦ̸ǣմû뵽ȦСһ̶˾ҲСֺ
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īִӻͳ˿ռʯſյһ״һģһ
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545

ʯӣٿĿ֮ǵһ𣬸īﻹ֪ôһ¡
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棬һŹȥģһŹȥġ
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Ҷһֶŵķһתžͱʵʵĸǣŵ͵ķ϶Ű͵涳һ
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ڣҶ滹ڲͣܡ
֪˶ˡ
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546

ϵģҶ԰һֱţҲ룬ˣС¿϶ҪģҲãҲգǻϢҲá
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ܴܲɱ䲻ǡ
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Ҷ滷һĳӴܵΪøī¶ȣڵ¶ȣڲ˱ݣûжЧ
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ʯԽԽСֻʣССһ㡣
īıʯӶҶжҪǲ֪û뵽Ϊ˻סʯӾͿûˣʲôҲˣʧˡ
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棬Ҳ㣬ߣ㲻ҪΪԼӰˡ
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īﺰţһ㻰Ҳ˵
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ᣬһ̣һ˱䣬һҶϽűȻֱī¸һһģڻˮͣš
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Ҳ֪ΪʲôһģͶɲˣǲæǣһ뵽Ҷҭסͱһسӡ


547

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Ӧ˶ǰˡ
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Ҳ֪ǲǳܾǸߵȼԵʣīιҶ治Ѫȴûһĸо֮ǰ԰׵ɫۿɼٶȺ˲٣ϵ˿ڻڣû˻ῴܹˡ
īιѪҶϱҵıϵܺ񱻸īѪѹȥһ˳ڰҲٲϵĽˡ


548 ˭

ҶϲٽϢȻ΢ǻȶī΢΢һã׳Źˡ
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Ҫ˵仰
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549 ȼ֮

С´ģԼҸ֮ӦΪû˵õԵʡ
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īػҽǸɹŴʲôⲻķһϵѻ˯ô򵥡
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550 С

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ͬ־ǴˣƶѪĲ֢ⲻŮͬ־أŮͬ־ʲôģһЩģҪƶѪˣӰܲע⡣
īԵͷ
һעġȻҪûε飬ҲҪúòһġ
֮ǰ͸ŪһЩƷţû뵽ܵЩƷ˵϶ߺһζûԳɡ
СôˮҽĻԼҸźȼ֮ҪȻô֮ǰݼٵʱҲƷȥء
ɩҲףɳĮţ˿࣬θſŶɽҰľսģϸˣǵģֱѩϼ˪Ҳѹֻ۵ˡ
ҽ͸ī˵ʱҶûһ˿Ӧˣ˵˯˵ǻԸΪȷȻīҲ֪ҶȷǻԵġ
īҪĺȻϸȴҲƽȣס
ܿ죬ҽˡ
˸īҽҪٹҵˣֻҪϢҪҶú˿ڡ
ȻǴʺá֮ǰøīȻûЩ˻ɲȴҲҪʮµģû뵽´߶ˡ
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ŶӣīСµĳЩȡ
СµͷûţҼɩӵʱҲˣû뵽ɩӻμεԵĹĹھĿ
Ų֣սģΣʱܻ֡
פҲþǰȫģҪôǰ߿ΣҪôҪתƣΣǲٵġ
ǲ֮ǰ͸¶飿īʵ
Сæҡͷţҿû˵ҿڷɽˣ˵ɩҲʰһ㣬С¾ͺҶ棬Ǹˣǽзִ硣
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Ļû˵꣬ͱīһ۸ҭȥ
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ţҲɺϣϾŽҲڣɩһεĺӵľ飬ᱻѡҲ֡
īû˵ʲôֻʵ֪Ŀĸ˭𣿻УϴȥɳĮˣʲôˣڶϱߵСԺ
ԣǰͷСԺǿŶȳţǲ֪ЩֵϴɳĮھĻҪߣʲôģҿĶۻˣˡţεĸǡСһѹһߴߴĻ㱨š
ֵ֣īͻȻãҶĿ϶нֵĹ͡
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оϵĽûĴ˸磬ӣЩֵ֣˭أ


551 ǰ׼

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ԣҾǸһ˿ֲ¶Ľӻ
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Ȥīû㲻˼ӣֻǵͷ֪һעġ
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ϸǲǶءȻ֪鲻ָܹīϣԴȷŪģ̲סó߶ˡ
ûȲ˵īû˼ˡ
ȿȡ
ۡ
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552 

w˱ī⻰ŪΡ
㻹һھ˲Ҳ֪Ҷͬ־ôܵ㡣
Ҷ󣬺ǿɲһī¶ģôȡ
˱ī⻰ǺǺָָīҲˣ׷ҡͷֵˡ
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㣬īҶ˵ţۿͻȻЩ죺ҲΪ군ˡ
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ԣѹһʱֻעԼһ㣬øī￪ּΪĲ
Ҷ滷һȦϤİ裬֪Լһֱû̫õĴ顣
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553 ˸һ

ī˵ţ˹ס
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īԺӣ˫գգ͵ģƺŸ˯һԺĶˡ
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īҲҶ֪ʱֻǲĶѡ
ҪǱĩ֪īֻ˼Ͱ϶ᾪġ
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̶һ仰ſܲ岻׵һ±ƣҶ˼㵵
Ҳˣ֮ǰ;ĸĪģû뵽Ǿܣϵܡ
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Ϊӱ𴦴Խģɸīѽôᡭ
һ뵽ռʯڣҶֲ̫ˡ


554 ˱˸

֣īԼҶһأ֡
֪Ҷܵʱ򣬸īֻ֣뱣Ȼκ֪ܣбҪԡȾѪ
ڣҶһô֡
īЦգ˵ʲôһ뵽һ飬ϵЦݾ͵ȥԥţЩµĲ֪ҪôҶ˵
ôˣҶ浽ע⵽ı顣
ǳʲô𣿡Щż¸īܷܶɣҪ֪ܷɿǺصġ
īǲ岻
ҶЩˣīæסļ򣬵ûУûУ棬ûвҺܺá
ģҶ滳ɵĿ˵īǲܿЦģҪǾʲôĵطһҪһʱңҲˣɳĮУΣǱܷɡ
֮ǰҶ治֪Ҫô͸ī˵ȻҲˣô˵Ҳ޷
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ȻҶ˵ĸīûм˼׵ģǵͷš
֮ǰҶڻԵУԲī˵ٻһЩܾѵӣƺǺ͸ī˵Ĳࡣ
ô˵ǿռʯΪīֵ˲˺ɹɹѵģ
Ҳǣܾѵʱ̫׾ʧܣһռʯڣīֻԵģôܰù
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ֻǣǿռʯԭ
ʲôīѾǼȶʵˡ
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īҡͷģҶĿ׻ǵͷ棬һ㣬Ҳࡣܺãµġ
㡭Ҷ治֪Ҫô˵ˣιҲιˣιѪŲȥɣѹҪΪԹǾ̫ʶôˡ


555 ûҿ

´ΣҪˡҶ滰䣬Լ־ơ
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֮ǰҹŪϣŪ̫ˣȱġ⻰Ҷ濴Ǻ͸īģʵǽ⼸һֱ˯Сûѵ顣
˭ɵ㸵ī֮ǰ˵ˣ˭ûѹʱٻǣԲī֮ǰĻš
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СץץԴæҡͷɩ˵ﻰ㲻ŻţҲûʲô
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Ͼϲôߣ˺Ѳĸģʱǻ֡
԰԰ҽ渺ľô˻ڸ಻ѣҶʵҲûʲôϲϲġ
ʶġ԰԰Ҷôνı飬
Ҷ棺Ŷô
԰԰ˡ
ãôôϲ㡣԰԰ʵʵϣҲòϣȷʵ
԰԰ҶģĺãѧǹģģûʲôرģҪ˵ѧҲҽҪ˵ģҲǣҽԺҲǳġ
԰԰ʵѾȥˣû뵽Ҷ棬Ϊ͸īһפأʱлӴ֪Ҷ䲻ģˡ
⼸죬԰԰ʱûסְԼҶ
ɳĮǰ꣬Ҷ͸īĻѾ˵ԼˣǣοīֲˣûüĸīҶˡ
԰԰һ䣬㵽ǸʲôģΪʲôô겻ɢġ
ҶЦﶼðҪȻôϲҡ
Уҽٸһ飬ϲһأǺʱûйϵģʱ䳤ȥ飬ٲȥ顣
Ҷ棺˵ˣô֪ʶīġʶȵģʶĺ硭
⻰ɲҶϹ˵ģǸīԼ˵ģʶҲʶ
ڣҶ涼֪ī˵Ǽ٣ҲûɹʵԣԽˣǸīǰεʲôҲ֡
԰԰Щ룬ڣɣ֮ǰû˵ж󡣡
ûлɹīͻȻжǲΪʲôֿó˹ϵȷ̸٣ûЩ̸˶ġ
뵽ī֮ǰΪȥҶ治ҪһĻͶµûš
Ҷ棺Ҳû˵Լûж󰡡һֱǾûжѡ
ҽҲ֪īô㣬ôûжͱˡ


562

Ҷ˵仰԰԰˵ʲôֽ˵ҽīڵңҾͲ˵ˣˡ
û԰԰ЩԼȥҸī˵ҶҲûת뷨
Ͷôһ仰ˡ
ֻʣ԰԰վԭأ뿪ıӰð춼ûзӦ
ѾҪҶ˵ʲôģʲôû˵ͱҶ治ɫ˻
԰԰Ҹղ˵
˵ˣֺʲôҲû˵
ΪʲôҶԼԸīϲʱô侲ƽһҲߺ;裬ôţ˵һҲ⸵ī
ȥ·ϣҶ滹ţƻûҶ׼ͻȻϣһԣҲ֪ҪҪкֲ˼ı顣
Ҷ״ֻûҲкֱԹߺߣīһϸϴּĹ򣬶ϲŮͬ־
԰԰ԼܵīǰѺҶ˵Ļ˵һ飬ҪȻīԶ֪Ҷʲô
תôܣ
ҶЦգ۾ů¶ȣ˯ȥ
иīļӳ֣Ҷ˯ĺܺãһ
һת͹ȥˡ
ҶϢĻ㲻Ҳָ˲١
ʵָĺãִϿռʯĹͣȻ֮ǰīʱιѪҲѲġ
Ҷѹ󣬸īɫͺ˺ܶ࣬ȻܸҶȡů˲٣ɳģָܻȻҶĿ졣
ͬģҶҪһָܻīֻҪСʱ͹ˡ
һ㣬Ҷ淢ֵʱҲú棬˼ȥֻܰᵽī˵ԭϡ
СѾīɳȥɻˡ
һûôӰ
פҪæܶ࣬鶼ʾīȻīʾȥСǸī)ŵųȻٲҪȵġ
īѹ󣬺ܸɴİԼʳϵ˳ˣҶ˳ԡ
С»ֵģøԵǾŵ˺ûá
īһ۷ȥС¾׹Ҳ˵ղ˵Ļˣ˴ˮˮȥʳôˡ
ЦīôʱҪҶúദ˹һҶļС´ҡ
Сÿһνīӣĵ۾ʵ̫ůˣʮа˴ΣӶůģӣҲ̫ˡ
֪оůӽĺãůԺãΪīΪҶԵʡ
磬Ҷ˯Ѻ󣬾ڸī￴飬˵ˣϾҪǲˣīҲ̫ˡ
棬ô𣿡
Ҷڿ飬ǸīСģ˼飬øҶʱ䡣
Һ˺ܶˡ
ī˵С¹ûôĲˣǵԼȥʳôˡ
СȥʲôҶҲ֪ġ
á
īҶӦ𣬺ܿѹȥɲ֡
죬ڵĿ졣
һԡ
ûãīͺҶˡ
ûʳóԣǴ˲ˣŻȥԡ
⣬⣬ţ㲻˵ɩ𣿡
԰ţΪʲôɩӻ͸ţѵ
СûİһۣȻΪأҶͬ־ǸŵĶɩӡѲɣΪĸɩӣ
ǡ
໥һۣӶԷп𾪣Ľʾ֭˺ܶ࣬û뵽ûпܵĸš
С´˵ıϿǵ˼ߺߵʲôֵģֲĲŮɫֻǣֻɩӶѡ
С˿ûоȵı飬˻ɵעСӣʵ˵ǲ֪ˣ
СæҡͷûУûУҲǲ֪
Ц֪Ҳܳϰսѣ飬Ҫ֪ˣ׼ûкùӳԣɲѪ
Сӣҿɲš
Ҳš
СŬ¶ϵıûƭǣҲǲ֪ѡҲ֪˰£ҲǸ֪ǡ仰СĬĬ˵ġ
˵Ȼ֪Сû˵ʵ໥һۣǰһһҵİѿԣ׼ߵСסЦ㲻Ҳû£֪϶֪ˡ
û
СһæûУҾǱ֪һѣģ˵ˣ֪ˣû˵𣿡
ǲܡ
ǡ֪С˵ʵô˾ĵҪСˡ
С¿СϴܵקߣҲûֹЦǺǵĿţĵĳ˸С⡣


563

С¿СϴܵקߣҲûֹЦǺǵĿţĵĳ˸С⡣
ŵװ壬úʰһ٣ÿ
С۾ɴ󣺡ţ
ЩţŲæ˵ˣ侮ʯ
ңǳ֮ǰ˵ȥģôᵹһԿֲ¶ˡСɲԼսѻ顣
ã
á
Сżûϴˣ
Сһģһ߲ŵСЦЦֱʾСԼأߵСģ֮ǰʰҵʱһҲ
֮ǰ飬СҲŹʰȥ˵ˣлǵûлᣬǾ͵ȴʱ
СǴԼȥæģһ֮ǰڿĿֳվڱСǨŭģҶ档
׼ȥʳã˾Ҷ͸ī
һ˴ȴƵѾѧСչȥֻԼڵߵɺ۲졣
СһһԼҳ̧ۿȥҲ׹һ߾ȣһ߶š
ҪС·״ЩĿʲô֣ǴչȥķʣҲᱻսʰˡ
īҶ治ûֲԶСµˣ֣ûйܣ˵˸ղʳ﷢顣
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īƵͷоҲ@@¶ġ
ͻȻһŮͬ־פߣˣһʳȥһˣڼ䣬üһֱãȻûɵЦ˭ܿܺá
һĻôܲÿ˳Ծء
ЩŶںˣԼ˸īһŮͬ־˵ʲô͵͵ģüֵᡣ
˻Ǹ
ţôͻ˸оһֱ˲ϰ
ʲôʱĹﾺʤʱҲûţ˰
Ůͬ־˭
û
Ҷ͸īʱ򣬸оʳ˵ľ㵵ߺͱʱЩӦƺ͸īһ֣˲Сĺ䶯ˡ
˵ӪֻῴŮͬ־ԣÿÿŮͬ־ڣͻ˹ﶢĶ˼ˡ
@@פؼŮͬ־Ļɲ٣ҽŮͬ־ҽһЩοݳĹŵԱ
Ҷһ£΢΢̧ͷһ߸ߴͦεˣãôǸīԵʡ
оҶߣīȥ䣬ѯʣô棿
ҶЦЦҡһͷûС
ҿг«ҪҪһݣ
ðҶЦ䣺ͺá
Ļش𣬸īʶĶ˶֪ʳã̫ˣǣ֣΢΢ա
ΪɽûбҶͺܷĵóһ⼸춼һīʳһġ
˶ʺ࣬ⰾ࣬ͷҲͦõġ
Ҷ滹ǳԵĺ٣󲿷ֶīˡ
ҶҲ˻ᣬīεġȺзˡ
īԵʱ򻹾þȣû˵ȺзкİȵĺзأҲỳʲôֻǾзԱ߻ţзģΪԼԳţһζ
֪Ҷԭţ⻻˳滻ȥġ
ڸīʹڵĴʦҪСʱҶ˰ʳֿʼָµһЩ
Щȹ󣬵ĺĺߵѯʵҶЩݸ⵽һ顣
ʱ򣬴󲿷ֵ˺ƺҲĸͬ־Ҷͬ־ôģǳƺԼţϹҲǳƺΪˡ
īãֱӺ֣յģǺ˵ϰЩͬȻҶԼҲϰߵյĺīš
һʼǱôϰˣҲûĿˡ
յĺīܾб˼ڣҶֻǵģϰôиīѡ
̫ˣûī˵ĹϵҲûȥʣǸīôĿ֮£Ҷ˲ˣһСȻִҶһ뿪ʳá
˵ʳóԷˣǴ򷹵Ĵ°˶˺һᣬҶѹڸī΢õĿУ¶ฺıæ򷹵Ĵ򷹣˵Ĵˡ
뿪ʳúһ·ˣҶ涼Լʳ۵
īڲסı飬ҶЩЦ
ī
ţīæϹ˵ǣ棬ǲˣ
Щһˣһ·ͦԶġ


564

ҶЦҲۡ㣬īǲǹģ
ҶЦţûһ˿ã˫գգ͵ĿǺЦͳϰ㣬ƭˡ
īҲ֪ԼС˼ЦЦͳöӺ
š
ֱ׳ĻشҶ̿
ûˣƤˣôֱ׳ģһҲ±ЦֱĿ
棬ҾôҶ֪Ҷ㶼֪û֮ǰ@@ǱΪġī˵ţû취ǶЦǹ
ҾҪǣҲǹҲҪģ㡣
֪ЩǸīװҶţǾֺЦۡ
ҪḵīǣסҶ֣ҡμ£ı͸п˵ˡ
ŲûҪء
Ҷ滰䣬īֳһĵЦ
ЦݺܿͿϡ
֪ģŮͬ־ϲ㣬Ҳ֪ģƸɣҲŷ֣رһ
ī΢΢üϵıһ䣬¶ίı
棬ûУҶ֪˭ϲҡ˵ˣ˶ûסҲûϲҡ
Ҫ˵һǣ֪ľ½Ȼ͹ܣ֪ģƻһЩұɣ
Ȼ⻰īֻԼ룬ɲ˵
ֲɵʱҶ˵һԵƽϣ̫Сˣǰ½Ȼ͹ˢڸС
īɲҶദʱ
СҶĺߺűﲻ
īˡ
棬ǺҲûϵûעЩЩŮͬ־ģûмסû˽йϵһԷûй
īƺҪַģҶ治ЩΣæ֣ˣһҲ˼ӵôһţء
أءҲû˵ʲô
ֻǾرйϲѡ
Ҷ˵գ־ԼƺЩСЩᣬڵӣƫͷһ±𴦣ջߵʱѾȻĻ˻⡣
Щ죬ī֪ҶˣҲû֮ǰĻ⣬˳Ļת˻
ҲǸղŸīЩ·ʶĶ˹ҶһŮͬ־˼ĿŸīɳ
㿴˿ˡ
ī档ҲܿƱ˿ǡ
˵ˣЩ˿أ
ҶЦû˵ÿԶһӣɵ֮ǰĻߵ
īҿ˵ˣйٶġ
˭
ī۾΢΢ȴǲһ۸ղ·ķ
ղҲҶߵķˡ
ţҶ棺ô֪˭˵ͦġ
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˱ʰСĵС£ͻȻûĴ˸ɵĸ˸Լֱۣ֣ôʹˣֵֹġ
ߵãȴͻȻЩë˭һ
˭˵ء£
ٻشҪƭң֪ģҶɷµţҪûв˵ı飬īҪΪˡ
Ȼ֪ҶûīҲڵġ
Ҷʵţ뵽ղŸī⣬ֺװ̲סҪһ¡
Ȼûˡ棬Һ˵ģֻһ󣬾㣡
棬ֻ㣡⻰ī˵һһٵģ棬°΢΢̧𣬺ҫʲô
ҪǣʶĴ˲١
оʳȥְѺĿ⿴Ҷ治ɷøīǹġ
˵ˡӮˡ
īִֵĿڣ棬ұ˵ʵΪʲôҪС޲ù㲥ء
Щ˾Ѿ˺ˣҲΪīݲ÷Ĵţãûһ˵ôƤֱǡ
ðɣҶʵ˸īĺƤĳ̶ˡ
īҪҪƤˣԼͷͷ@@š
īֱҶѹûиīû˼ɣһҲҪģɲ뱻Χۡ
û˵㣬˵ˣǿȥɡҶᶼЩԼûµĶīˡ
ϾûгԷīҲҶۻԣ˲û߲·ȻīǺҶ@@һ飬֪Ҷš


565 ԵԴ

פģ˵ûֵ˶࣬Ҳ٣رʱ
˲˵ЦĻȥ
·ϣʵ˲˾ĺߡ
û취Ҷɫòǵһ߶ⲻûĴ˵ϸī@@ŵĵλʹˡ
ÿŮͬ־һ˶սţһߣҪעⶼѣο˵һͲͨϵ
ʲôʱ򶼲ȱԵˡ
ڿĿֳҶ洦һʱģˮˣһ͸īУһϵͺܺãһ㶣Ȼܿ׹ʲô
ɩӺ͸ţ
ѹֳҪɩء
ǸŵĶɣ
϶ǸŵĶûˣղŻʳ˵أû뵽Ȼġ
û뵽ɩɩӣǸŵĶ
Ȼ͸ŵĶһһʱ䣬Ҳ֪Լֵôɩӡɣ
˾þȣԲš
ţ
ţá
źá

ģʵẰҶ档
ȳĺҶкȻٰתīϡ
ɩӺã
ɩӡ
ˣˮģҶһһЦӦ
á
Ǻá
ԹûУ
û취ʻȻߣʱǺⶼǺƽ׽˵ֲ˫εճʺ
ǳԹˡ
ɩӣԷ𣿸ţɩɢأ

źáɩӣ͸ɢ
ЩˣҶ涼ЦŻӦˣīƽ˶ƤЦģΪҶߣΪЩ˵Ҳº͵ĻӦ
ȻǲкīҲΪȻıġ
Ҫģī֪һĻ϶ᴫפˡ
ƤԷÿһ㣬̲ȡīЦһ¡
ٺ٣ţ
԰ⲻڹȥɩӺ͸ڣ͹к
ϾǸīľţûвϤġ
Ҽ׺ͣŵӴȤ
ţɩʲôʱ°
԰ţǶźϲء
ɩӣ޸Ǹţˡ
ѽɩӣ㲻ڣǸſûչء
ҪǱĹƱôȤߺˣҶ˭ᱻŵ
ȸīڽΧأҶͿˡ
ǵڰҲڣǾͲչˣǻ˼Ǹء
ǺǺǣɩӣɲô˵չܱȵɩϸģǴˣ֦Ҷġ
Ҷü¶Ȼı飬ɨһȦЦӯӯļˣֿߵĸīڣȻô֦Ҷȷչ˲㣬һ˰ɣ
īЦžҪͷһ߾һ߰˵ģսһߣɩӣ𰡣̷˵ɩɱ
ǵ˼ǣϾչ˵ٺãûɩϸĲǣһҲû֪ůġ
Ҷֿī᲻أīȻ˵棬ϸģϸġϸҲûϵϸľͺˡ
һ仰˵ġ
ҶĻû˵أͱīסˣңû뵽֪Լ˵ʲôһԺôЦˣҶ˸īһۡ
˰Ǻˢء
īûûûУ棬ɩӣǳһÿɫء
⻰һҶ棬Ҳˡ
ˣǼҸŶ˵ˣǸϽȥԷ˾ûʲôܳԵˡҶЦŸˣ˵ǼҸšֵʱ򣬻رʾһ¡
īæ棬ҲǼҵģҵģҵġ
ҪЦҶû˸īһۣԱϹˡ
˵ᣬɸͻ˵ЦȤǰЩ˭ģ
ҲɩӵԵʣɩӸı˸ŵԸɣ
һ˵Ц·һ͸ӷĴ󵨵ĴīҶˡ
縵ī˳ʱ˵飬Ѿפﴫü汾ˡ
ڣܶ鲻ۣǿԵģòиԿۣŹ
˵𣬾˵ţĶǸƯŮͬ־ء
ţҲ󰡣ƯǺ
㲻Ƕʮء
ôС
֪Ų󡣡

˵ţһֱжأ
Ϣ̫ˡ˵ɩӿǾ˸źüأ

˺Ǿȡ
˳ԾĿڣŵĶôİ


566 

ȸţ
СӣѵӦþ⻰𣬸Ŷ˰õɩȥȣ
˶ϲԲ˾Ӣ۵ľ顣
ΣյľսϣɩֲսϣȰ
ӺòãСţ﷭˸ۡ
治֪īﱻҶȵģҲʶģǵġ
ţս񡣡Ҳ˾ÿˡ
ûǸţ˵ʱ򱻾ȵġҲ˵Сʱȹţʱ򡭡˿ʼɫ
𿴸ţĶ󲻴󣬿ҲǸͷԵŮͬ־
Ҷû⻰ҪȻһ̲ס˵ŻһۣûͷûԵģܳԷ˵ǻǹ˵ġ
ֻ˵˵ţҷ֣īһεĸ˶û˵бҶȣսϣôȣ
Ҳɵ벻Щ룬ֻ˰汾
˵𣬺񸵣ţСָΪδء
δޣ
԰Ҳ֪ôģţݼٻȥ̽ףϵˡ
ѹءҲܽ͵ͨΪʲô֮ǰīû˵жȴͻȻðһˡ
ΣţĶ˹ӲԶˡ
û𣬾ŵ˿ǺɩӵģһŵСºţĶɩءû飬˭Ϲ
ôģǱġ
ųһˣҲûڣԼţԼϲԼ˵㡣
ȻôǾѾȷ˵ģҪȻҶ濪ڣСһҲǲܺġ
飬Ϳͬ־̬ȣȻŮͬ־ҲԸС
ԸĹѾӲ˵Ŀ˲ٵ飬ÿһ汾ֻһ룬Ҳ㹻ƴճһˡ
ƴյĹԼġ
ҶĸĸԸīĸĸжҶСʱľȹī
īһŸлû뵽ȻԼĶˣжڣ̸һ£ǾͶס
ʱܿȥڼĻңʧȥϵīأˣӴһҶڸĸİ£ѧҵ
һΣīݳٻϼңȻ֪ôģҶϣܿͷСʱ׵Ķ
ҶҲѧУйϵõͬѧһīɾͣĶˣŻڸīæݼٵʱ׷˹
ī׳ڣ飬мѬյҶĶ֣Ҷģļá
ȻݼٵʱѾҶסˣԣҶʹļøīѣҪȻԸīƴҵˣῴҶľĲġ
ΪʲôĲãⶼûнأܺĸī˽ɩӣСһ˶еĺɩӣ׷פˣ˵ҶľĲˡ
ȻҶҲȷǳĺܺÿһŮͬ־էһ̲ס࿴ۣﾪ̾οͬ־ء
ţóԼСԲվӣԼı˼Ʒ˿ᣬ±
ൽһ룬ҶķͣԼһıɿյĺݺῪ˱ӣһ߾ҶҡһȴûסҶķ
԰԰ҲЩˡ
һ£īҶԨԴô
СʱѾʶˣ
ѹҶ˵ǲʶġ
ף԰԰ȴǾòܵģҪȻԸīԸͱ¶ˣű˵⻰ɲʲôû@@û̫Ķ⡣
Ҷ͸īԹһ˿һ˿飬ûһᣬС»ˡ
ţɩӡȿȣʲôɩӡ
ҶӦһСԥԥģΪҪº͸ī˵µĿڣģһظˡ
ǣɩӣõģҲʲô¡
īСµԱ˵ģ䣬ɲҶڴ硣
С⻰īûȻɩӲ֪飬µĸʲô¿˵
ţҸղһЩ
ҶСЩεı飬ī˶Լ֪ʲôˡ
ҵģҶ濪ڣǹҺǸŵģ
Сµͷ
īʲôˣҺɩʲô飿
Ҷ棺ˡ
ûˣԼղŲ˵һ䡮Ǹš˾СľҺɩӡīڸҶ棬һġ
ʵҲûʲôСԺһȻʼת㱨
˵ɩӺ͸ʶľ˵


567

Сʵԥ˺һˣ˼ȥǾ˵ˣϾȸźɩԼ˵ˣһôˣҲӦԲǡ
Ҷţ˸īηЩ˺װҲ˵ôƫʵѽ
īޱţֻż鶯ǱʾСµĻ㱨
ʱ򣬸īüЩ
ΪС˵ˣīǱҶˣȻѡ
ī룬ȻʱʲôĶԣ˵ֻԼһ߿ѣ飬˵ˣɲҶô
棬Ҷ涼ˡ
Ȼ˵ԲһҲСġ
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īԥһ£룬˵ܲһٸɡ
⻹ֹ۵˵ġ
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ףղСΪʲôһ󣬾ʶˡ
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Ҷҡͷ룬ǲīҪһУǵҲôԳһ㣬ҳԣҾͳԡ
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Ҷӵɽóһ˰ٺװס
īŰ߲࣬һۣζҲͦá
Ͳ㣬߲˵ǲ̫ȱϾǱϷҲ̫ȱ߲ˡ
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568

ÿҶ涼Ҫøīϼź棬īԹԵĽӹܿͳˣˣҶ濴ʾԼйԹ
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˭˵д㹫˽ҲоݵģīԼҲμӣңʮƪǧֵģǧдԵ챨ֽϵһţɱĶѶˡ
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ûԼҲ֪ʲô㻹ôߡ
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ôأһԽӻɲ𣬶һҲûˡ
Щ˻ûпʼ;û᲻Ҳ̫˲ǣתһ룬ˡ
īԼҲμӰ֮⣬Ҷûʲô
ɲһ
ôһˡҶμˣ׼ҲܸߣǻѲɣǾûμӣԣǺһ𣿡
wɱǾˣǿûе㣬㻹ǷŹһϹͷɡ
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īЦЦ˫һ̯û취飬Ѿ㱨ãˡ
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569 ܶ

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Ѿô
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Ҷ½ȻعͷšʵҲûʲô飬Ҿʣ⼸ǲ۵ˣɫܲá


570 Ӧñ

Ҷԣ΢һ£ԼЩȵɫ𣿡
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ƤһֱܰףԣֻҪϤˣϸҲῴʲô
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īԣסҶ֣۵˵Ҳã۵ˣڻȥúϢҸԵģòã
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īҲԼС˼ҶῴԼС˼Ҷ֪漴ߺ֪ͲˣôԶ˵½Ȼ˵˺һỰ
棬½Ȼܹ
ȻأҶüǾãӦú˵Ҫң
ʵһڵʱ򣬸īЩڣҲ֪½ȻҶʶľȻ˵飬Щ⣬ҲòϣǸл½Ȼģ½ȻҶ棬ȥҽԺôܡ
Ҷ⻰īЩѿ
ʲôȻ󣬻ҪʲôȻֻҪ۾ģܿϲ㡣ҹĻ½Ȼһͬ־ǱӦñӡ
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Ҷ濴½Ȼ˳ڹļ䡣
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ĳĬøīܿ췴Ӧյ죬ɲǸأҶ͵ͷ֪ˡ
䣬Ҷתǰߣ¸īһԭء
Ҷ߳ȥüףīŻعæȥ棬ңҡ


571 ұӵ

īˣȲ˵ˡҶ˸īĻ
·ʱʱģɲ͸īڴ֮ͥ˿Ц
Ҷûע⵽˵⻰īһ˲˲١
ˣҲ֪ôģͻȻ䣬Щѿڶͺˡ
Щ̫ˣ
ī첽ҶĽŲҪסߵ·ʱʱˣܲ˼һ㣬ҪڽͣҶ䵭ıʾʲô
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īЩˣ죬ȥֶһ£ûаҶס
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СÿһĻſҪ˵ʲô룬˻ȥɩҲ֪ô͸ֱŤˣӻСǲȥڻҵĺá
īҶ涼С̽ԴȻĬĬȥһĻ˭ûд
ĪҶĹĵڴϣûķ˸ۡ
ӣ֪Ҫͬ־ӣ֮ǰô֪Լأ
½Ȼֻ˵ĵĻѣʲôûɸīԼأ
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īվҶ淿ſڣһᣬתݡ
Сڸīڣǲ᲻ȴ쳣ЩĲĹ˺þõ³

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СºĺܣҲɵʱԲðͷҪȻɩӲʰſɲ
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īԣüͷ𣬲ͬ棬ԣҪԼ
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С²ųţû뵽Īǹоŷĵۣæİ֣ɩɩӣ£ڻȥʳأԣҪȥæղŸȥ£׼ȥ֪ͨء
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ҿɵסŵǨŭ
ҺɩȥʳðиҲֲǡ
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С˵꣬ҲҶ˵Ⱦܣһ仰ңһԣңҽֵ࣬ˡ
ֻҪɵ˭֪ʱܲͽźɩ֮䣬ܶԶԶ
ſܲɩôɱ˾˵ˡС룬ԼӹǿɿסŵǴһĺá
СǻŲ·ıӰҶǳ˳飺
īСʶȤԶ۵׻һĨ⡣
Ҷ棬üǲزסã棬С飬ҪǲģȥʳóҲС
ȥˣҶһҲ˵ĸīȥ
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һݣī͸˲˶á
ֻҶԼһЩС൹һ뵽īķ˼ӵĳԼСߡ
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ӣһԼԡ
īҭס
⻰ڻؾǻ˵Ļš


572 ˣ

档īŲһ˳Ҷǰȥ·
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ֻǣҳԴףҿ½Ȼվ˵Ҳ֪ôģ;ܣСûסͺҷˣҴˡ棬㲻Ҫ˺òã
īһҲԼһ˵ԼСԼԴʲô˼ġ
ҶˣЩûʲôеġ
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ʱˣǴ壬˵ûˣдҲܻһŮ˵ǸġīôʵϴǸҶҲѡ
ȻīһҲûҶ治Ҳдʱ򣬵ʲôҶ治飬Ҷ治
˵Ҳеô
īԣȻƺЩ˵ĲԾȴֲ֪Ҫô˵Ҷ˵ɵİһ
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Ҷͬ־ңīͬ־֣صǸΪĲкǸԲ˵ûоԣˡֻǳԴˣԾͺҷѣȥˣòã
һʼϽĿģīһҲԼʲôġ
Ҷ浽ûסӣŸī㵽ҪҪԷ
Ҫ㡭
ǾͳԷҪϻˡ뿪ڣҶֽſв˵Ҿˡ
⻰һī͵õʦСѧһԹԵ𷹺Уҳԡ
һĻҪǱ˿һᾪ°͡
Ǹī
ǴʬɽѪﴳĸī
ôһ涼Ҫ
ʵīǹҪôµģֻԼʱĻܹ֣
ҶѾˣһ
Ժ÷īûʰ꣬˵ˮ˫עҶ棬棬֪ҽ˵Ļˣ֣صĺǸǻǳԴףСۣͷˣԡԲҲӦ˵㡣
֣µĵǸҶ֪ԼҪǲ˵ʲôīƻ飬һ鷴˵ˣ֪ǸīŻ


573

һҶīʵǻЩġ
䲻ıô˵Źأ
⻰īһҲ֪Ҳ᲻˵ġ
棬ҡ
Ҷҡͷʾ⸵īҪ˵˵ǣԼʱ룬ңҿʲôҽʲôͬ־ͬ־վһ˵Цģ֪ûʲôҲ
ıģ֪ĸܡ
Ҷ澫µϱģ˵Ļģøīĸģһһµ
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īҶİοŪһӲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻùԹԵͷ
Ҷһ£˵ҲҪҳԴףԲԣ˾ŮˣܲһӲ˵ǲǡ
šīͷ쿪ĵЦţüǻϲ
ȻīЦҶЩͷԣЦܹǸ˵ģҲûʲôõġ
֪īΪһ䡮һӲ˵ģ仰Ҷ治֪УͰѸīԼ˵ȥ
СµŻʱ͵͵̽ͷ̽ԵģҶ͸ī˻ֱŤᱻ̨βɨ
ģʲô
ûŵĻصͱīѵˡ
СæվסץץԴţ㻹û˯
īǵҶ֮ǰҪСȥʳóԷ飬֪ҶСµƣīﻹǴˣȻŹˡ
磬վɣӣǵģ㶼ˣ
СͷҡĺͲ˹һظţû
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СѾ˰׼ˣ䲻ı߸̧£Щȣûüˣͱīһԭ͡
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ҶҲī̶ѣÿοܿİˡ
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С󣬲ȣ̶֪ǻģų̿вˡ
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ǼиӪ仹ûиųأΪ岻ãΪ̣ҲˣҲˣҲˣǲС
ǣӪҲǲԸ䣬û̲סֳˣֱû취
С²øī⻰ǺҶģɩӣŴӦ¾һġ
ֻǣôӦأһСתһ룬ôһӦµ飬û겻ɵġ
Ҷ濴˿īһ£ͷţϲ
ʵҲνǾˣŲãȻ䣬͸ɴӦˡ
תһ硣
С±ī˰̣ЩûӦҶ治ڣĵʣţҪҰţɩӲעʱ򣬸һ𣿡
ԭŵḶ̌Ҫôѽ
С¾úЦ־þᣬһɩӷ֣ǹָŻǹأ
һְɣָŵʱ򣬻ùӷ
ϹĻ飬Ҫ̲ˣ˿ϧġīƳСһۣС棿


574

ҼȻӦɩ˵Ҫ̣ǾһҪʲôΥϷ롣ʵīҪС½͵ģҪС֪Ҷ̬ȣ֪Ų
Ӱˣӡ
СҲǣһˣһĭһӦСߣһתС˼
īСµĶʵûʲôӡ󣬲ԼҲ֪鲻ԼҶãȻҲϣ߸ŵˣҲǺܺõġ
Сţͷͬһ㡣
ţҲġȻûи˵ʲôʲôһӦµ飬ҲǻŬȥɵģѾɵϰˡ
Ҷɲ֪ȥϴּĹ򣬸īһ͸Сѵ˹⡣
һС·ˣֻҪҶ治ڣīʶڴֶ֣
мΣС¸оīߣҲ̧ͷȥھīڣԼҪôźá
֪īߺܿƿԼһ裬Ȼֵͷʼæ
ûīѾʼһЩ
ô˵ҲǻļˣҶΪ˱ӣȻԼڸڿ飬߹Լ϶֡
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͸ţף˿ɲ٣ϾҶ泤ôÿùҲ±ҲҪˣڸţԼ˲ǡ
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ҶһЩȻ
Ҷû˵һӪЦǺǵɩӣǸղžǿЦѣɱȥ
԰ɩӣǾ˵˵
⼸ҲǷӦҶĶҲ@@ŵģǾսˣ˸˲֪ٴˣԣЩġ
ᡣҶ氲οֻûûϺʵ˶ѣ˺ܴ˾ü޸ǲá
⻰治ҶڰοЩˣ뵽Щ˶ΪµĹʲôû취ͬЩ
˶ܣ˭ȥܱ˸ʱһ͵ֲǡ
ֻҪ϶ԵˣǸǧɽˮ˴ŶԷͲֿġûʲôŮͬ־лġ
ˣˣɩӣʱ̸󰡣ǹ컹ÿء
ǣɩӣɲҪ롣
С¸հļߣīҲҪҶ档
ǵҶ֮ǰ˵˳ȥɢš
īû߶ԶͿ˱üΧʵҶ棬߽һЩҶ󣬾ȻҶȥˡ
ҪԼɣΧɩҲûá


575 ƽ

ҿɲ
ǵģԼҶأ⼸ãҶֳɵġ
һ˵ģҲ˼أ
һͿī֪ʲôʱѾˣҲ֪˶١

ȿȣ˰
š
ţ
ҶתͷԽˣīЦʣæˣ
šīͷһ䣬㡣
ͬʱ˵ᣬҶ棬īüʶ˼֣зǴЦġ
һ㣬վһԵˣˡ
˵֮ǰ˵īҶرãЩŵˣѾȫŷˡ
˭뵽һǰȫŮͬ־ûа㷴ӦͷԣŮͬ־ܻ޵ˣһŮͬ־ôȻ¶顣
ֱǵ߸ǰӡ󰡡
䣬īֽʵҪҪߣһ᣿
Ҷԣͷ
ǣīɨһȦԱ߿Ϸļˣ˵ˣΧҺɩҲãæʲôæʲôȥɢɢˡ
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һҾҲɣ࣬ǺɩӶѡ
ղֲûţɩ˵飬Ҹұ֤ҪʲôڣƸţɩЦĸ𡣡˵ֺõģһ룬Щ˸ţǾû˵ڡ
죬СҰ̣ܣǼ֤ˣԼ˵˵ǲô
һԵͷţȻ㲻޹ϣҲˡ
ս񣬸ղҲ޹ϵˣԺ԰˿϶ҲǺܾصġ
ʱѾԶ˵Ҷ͸īһۣīκƣҶЦ
ī˶ôİȻó٣ĵģҲƤˡ
īߺߵӣҸı׼е˰ҪȻôей䲻˵ء
۵ͻȻĪĴ˸໥һۣԼۣͬͣҲ֪ôģǾԼ񱻶ˡ
ǱߣīѾԺȥߵҶ棬һߣһߵ棬廹в𣿡
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ԭţīȴͻȻǣס֡
ůůģ¶Ⱦִ˹ܿĺ⡣
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Сһ㣬·ɲƽīº͵˵ţ䣬˴Խ
Ҷɨһۻƽ·棬ЦЦˣҵġ
֪Ҷ濴ԼС˼īֻЦЦ۾Ƥգգ״˵ôһɣͲ˾ˡ
һĻԶ߹Ҳ缸ģͻȻīǣסҶ֣ҲɹİҪĽŲˡ
ߣҶ͸īɢԶƽǵС١С׾Ϳ¯ӣѩԺӷ
ѩѾ˼ˣһʼС١룬ܿͻɼѩȥˣ˵ˣŶûС
磬˵أ
С١üţ۵ѩصģ棬֪˶
С׷Ķһ٣ȷҶǱߣӦûûѩɣ
֮ǰҶ˵һ죬ȥӦòѩǡ
С١Ҳ䡣ʦ˵ˣϷѩıء
ƽǾϱ磬żдѩ궬ȥ궼䣬ѩµĺܴǰҶµĺЬʹޱҪˡ
ȷ˵Ҷ棬ȥ궬죬С١СڴԺסţһס
ڣѾôشԺˣż·Ժھӣ˹ϵĻĻкѼ䣬ˣС١С׶ûᡣ
ôᣬԺɲ˶Ǻõģȳû۸һ£ǳе顣ûѾԵ±Թˡ


576

ǴԺķӲΪǰĸһסС׺С١ġ
磬컹ûн𣿡С١ƫͷʵ
СҡͷûС
˵ҶˣǴ磬Ҳûһţ˵㲻ţҲҶŲǣڣһŶûУҲ֪ȥʲôط
С֪ģīܲǵøС١ţһҶŵģûţȥĵطƫƧʵûлš
Ҷ棬Ͼǿȥȥĵط϶ҲǺƫģҲụ̂û취ˡ
С١һСʧćֳСĿƮѩ˵
˺һᣬС١͵͵ˡ
Сԣ̾һšҲҶˡ
㲻ڣﶫһֱԲꡣС١̾һ
СҭסֹҶڣһֱлЦģҶһߣԵĺܡ
ǰҪ˺С١С˵Զ㣬һöԷëг⻹ġ
ڣ˾ûҶڣԷζ˺ܶ࣬û㣬Ҳû⣬ͻȻθڱˣûʲôζ
ʲôСʵ
С١ûյȸԾɣֲڣʲôԡ
СһҲûоᣬͷУһ㡣
ܿ죬ʱ䵽ˣСҲ
ʳһǲ׻ź׷һײˣһ⣬ϲ
Ҷ֮ǰһҪÿ˵ž˻ỵС׶ˡ
ûҶڣСҲ
ⷹҶڵʱ򣬿νǼªĲУС١СһҲûվĿбӵĳš
ǺŲ׷Ǹɷ˼һԲأޡ
ﲻûаװ棬ѾʡϰߵˣҶ治ڣҲûʲô˼Ȼôˡ
ѩµĹӦһЩС١СҶķڻӣܾȼһ´ԺСһҡ
СεϱûˣµԲ£μҲۣ취һЩϸԣϸμ˿ֶ࣬Ȼ׽ˡ
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С׻شԺż֪Сμԥһ£С١һ£͸˼׹ȥ
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Ҷµ٣ٸСμϰʣµҲ㹻С١С׳Եġ
С֪׶׳ĵ
ͷ˭ҶǿԱʱֵҫɲҶʼ
С׸Сμʹ׵ʱ򣬻ǰҹȥģ͵͵ˣҲ˵ˡ
֪СһҿǼףһΧߣѻȸ˺һᡣ
󣬺ͷͷ£δﻹ˵ˣС壬ԼŮҪС׺С١Ķ顣
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Сϱǲ˵ģҽԺѾñסﺢӵ׼ˡ
Բ±ģôô£̫ˣüʳϸԼԣüΪͺӶš
ҪϰģСҲҪȥϰ࣬СҪѧ˭ûгзһٻڣǼڱȽ׸ˡ
Сβû취ɷ£˭أ˵һģҲð
ۿԼϱԲ£ԼĺӾҪסˣС֪
СװҹʳֱǾľٶôúμ¸м
ֻмϸһҲܳһ󣬵³ټһЩϸҲˡ
û⼸ףСϱĺӿ϶סˡ
μֻһյ΢ú͵ƣڻ谵Ŀռ˭Ҳûע⵽ڿС׵ʱĬĬڽĺСպ˺죬ӨӨĹâ
ѾһûС׸ˣղѹ˵Ȼֻǽ˵䣬СҲ͵͵̽Դ˼ۡ
ֳһЩ·ĲɫĳĺܺʵͺãҹģǴѩ죬ôҲᶳš
Сôãȥ磬Ҳ֪꣬ļҵĹã޸ˡͷûţž͵ңҲûʲôۣͦõġ
ºһʱ䣬Ҳû˯⣬δڸ̾
˵С١ֵ˹ϵãȻǻụģ˵ˣСףʹĲйȥҡ


577 ²

˵ͼҶµۣסͷǷӣһµúüǮķأ·Ҳûвɸɾģһͺů͡
һҪٲƱ޻ҲǼŪġ
£Ҳ֪ҪǮ
ˣȹ꣬ˣ˹ʸ˵ˡ
ҲСֵڲڴԺסҪȻռֵ˱˵ˣָ١
ĸ޸СףֻҪǰӵģԲʲôġ
˻ûӦأСþͿڣ裬ô˵С׸磬˸ոǼʳء
Լ˵Сܲζ
δ﷭˸ֹҲû˵ʲôѽ
Сڳͺˣڼ˶ڸղСʳĸжУû˶룬Ҳû֡
μˣ˺һᣬ½˯ȥ
ֻкСãΪ£һֱ˯š
ڶ졣
С÷ѧȴûߣ˸·Ҿ߳ȥ
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С°һţ˽УңһԵĽ俴Сá
Ϊ䣬СڲͣĴֶŵģ󣬸˵Ļ֣ȸԾЦݡ
ӣѾһˡ
Щ֣С׻˹ȥʵôˣ˸л
СҲ벻ˡ
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Сñ˿ţЩߡ
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һأҽ°湤⿴СãΪҪҹأһѰ˼ҹôȥ֯Ҿ߳඼ػ
δһȣ˵ʲôڼҾ߳ſڿҼСˣ
԰
ûɣδЩţһ㣬Ůõˣǽ쵽ʱûл
ûУôῴһԺסţСһϴ˼δһɣּ˵ҿСһվ˵ء
һΪҹˣСء˵ţϴŰԵʵδòСúС̸Ѱɣ
Ȼǲʣϵıһȥ
һ˵ŮСһ˵δ֪ϴˣھôһ˵ûϹ˵ʲôأǹ²ҼСȥС׵л֮ǰ鷳Сһ顣
ôúõ飬ͱζءδ˵ţݺݵİھһۡ
˵ƽʱҲûôȺԼϹ˵˵ġ
ھЩš
֪μϱˣԺȲãμпҪŮ޳ȥǮϱ̥ҪҲеġ
ѽһҲ֡
ŮҪ˵ôʲô
ŮܹҪ޳ȥģˣϱӿԼҵģһ
δСʵҲͦõģйͷҲûйţСҪҲаĵġ
֮⣬Ҷµˣͱƭˣôû


578 

δһüͷĹҪͶԷۣھȴÿСû˵кš
Сã
СͻȻԼһĲˣԱվŵһ˷ܵı飬ס
찡֣Сߵ粽ǰ˹
Сñü˻裬ʲô𣿡
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šڼҾ߳๤С֪ġ
һ˵ĶԺδ㿴δҾ˵ûƭɣ
ҪǺСòϵĻҪô˵ˣû뵽Сóϵˣʡһˡ
ôˣСñŵʱžԤˣܿ죬;ʵ˵
ϾԸԼҪǷϣ϶᲻ĵģҪ֤֤ģԣֱӳϵĺá
С¶һĲ⣬״ǲ׵Ŀ˿δ˵裬ôˣȥҾ߳ʲôȥҾ߳С׸簡Һлš
赹Ǿˡ
ӺСûڣûüͺδ˵ҲûʲôͶԺ˿ڹǾδ˵ģúСȥСллæġ
ãæʲôпܣǰԺÿڹҲеģμͦģ˵뵽һˡ
ʲôʲôСɻ˿裬ֿ˿Լʵ裬⵽ô°˵ʲôأôûŪأ
û¡δ˵°ǼҾ߳ſڿǺС˵ǲǲѧҹˡ
ŶСգ¶ȻĵͷּԼǿȥʵ裬йԽ𣿡
治ѧһʵ׼ˣ
ⲻѧ˰˾磬μҹȻǴ⡣
ԭԼֶŮ˵С׵ģֶŮһֱ޽и򻧿ڣҲŵԼܳˣֶŮ͸Ͷʮʳлýš
ûаҵȻҪѧˡСҡͷΪʲôѧҪϵΪֹ
иõĳ·ϴδ飬Ҷ㣬һرĻˣ˿ǸأֺÿѧʶС׸ɳˡ
Ʋ죺ʹʲô
ŶûУҾǼôҪܹʲôùҺøͬѧ˵˵һͬѧĽҹأ˿ڿˡ
裬ҪкõĹңæͷͬѧĽһԷġ
ûûУҿûǹϵæ֡
ǹϵҪкùȥ𣬾ԼУҲֶܸŮܣռţԼŮٶҲǺõġ
ղŻôżʣһΪйϵء
ûУʲôϵ
֣δԼŮǺ˻ȥ⣬״յˣҵɣء
ţáСõͷֶ˵ҵȥˣ裬Ҫ˵йˣһҪ֪ͨҰæġ
У֪ˣ֪ˡһεӦţһȥ
Ϊ֪ʲôϢأ֪μĸŮڷôϣԼҲţ컹ǳٻؼңֶŮ˵˵飬Ͻյ࿴һСװɡ
ãԼֶŮӣСҲûݰæ࿴òиԸޣ᲻Ըġ
ëͷСӣ֪ʲôʱֶŮúúһ壬Լһܸմ˵ġ
·С׼ſڵʱ軹صؿһۣŹţʲôҲ뵽С׺С١Ѿһ󲻻סˣ
ʱֶŮС˵˵øԼҵˣҲСҲסˣҲ˷ѣԼСҲˣŲסҲϱ
δܿѷãŻûղ˵Ŀ϶ݣСɨʹչȥʵȥҾ߳Сʲô
±δѹĺܵͣҪǴսСöһ
裬ҸղŲ˵ǺС׸лġСѹĻţ̧ͷһĪҺͬѧȥ꣬ʱ·Ҿ߳뵽С׸Ǽһæͺлˡ
㲻ǳ˵Ҫ֪ж
δͷǣֲĵʣ㣬Сףûʲô
С￩һ£ĸ˼æҡͷ裬ʲôأҲŶ󰡡еʲôأֻС׸û˼ҲҾˡ


579 ˼

Ҷ˵ˣ˼ѧϰϡСһ˵ţһüͷֻ״յĺ
ûУûУҾҲû˵ôˡδһŮˣֱʾԼûж롣
ԭȣδﻹСʳʲô飬ɾղһ˵ͻȻ;Щ˵
˵Сײãͺ˵ģûйţʹС١һС١Ҳʹˣ˵ˣС١ҲƷģȹҲҹ᲻ռСʲô
һͷǶõˡ
ɺùãԼŮûܲζ
ֻҪһ뵽ŮС̸ѣСʳδ͸ñŤˡ
ôŪܾҲǣܾҲǡ
СãСף棬û̸𣿡⻰δʵԥԥġ
ŮС̸ѣСʳİɣ
裬룬ҾͲˡ
СĶţɨ㣬һƨϣûС׸ʲôԼҲ˵С׸˲ǡǼʲôҲŲôأúѧϰ
˵ˣֲǲ֪ϲģɲҪ仰ʹƫ
⻰Сѹ˵ϾһС˵Ҳãˡ
Ҳǣδһڨڨͷһסôˣﲻ֪Ը
СãҾʣҲû˵û
ҿ׹ŮûôһԼ׹Ůģ⻰ȥԺô
᲻ᡣ֪鲻˵˵ġδҲ֪صģҪȻղҲ᲻֪ʱһҧСȥС׵л
䣬δֲĵ˵СðڻСɲҪʲô˼úѧŮССôˣҲ͹ġ
ŮС˼Ӱѧҵ
裡㶼ʲôءСòĺţոˣҲ֪ߵĻյġ
Ҿôһ˵û˼ûоûСδһæ֣ˣʰղȥˣǸ°ˡ
СԼȥղ˺żղŶһԵɨ㡣
ûżɨأģأڣĳһ̵գԼû֪˼
СöСףǾڹĺˣ˼ģС׺С١ƶʱͶСиоˣֻһСϲһʼҲ֪ô¡
ǾС˺ܺãԺкһƤ۸ˣȴչ˼ȥŵܵܡ
ԼС׾ԼССʱӴĴӣҲСԽԽÿҲء
֮Сþǲ֪ϲˡ
С׸ϲʲôŮأ
ԼĻëѾͷС׸ϲ
СĲɵһɨأһš
һӲС׸ֳˣֻѡ
С׸ҲϲԼǶѽ
ȻСûúѧģҶѧʶľͺܺãС׸ˣԺ˸£ҲС׸ֿģңҲС١ܺõġ
ţСõֺ
СҲ֪δһղһҲ顣
֮ǰû룬룬ŮС״ˣҲͦõģСҲǿųģ˿ɿʵ۸ˡ
Ů޸СףסڴԺǼ·£ס棬ǻƽǣҲ̫Զ˺ӣŮźӣչҲ㡣
С١Ͳ󣬻һ꣬ҲǶһ飬ѣɵûУϡĶһˮˣοС١ҲԼĿġ
˵ˣֵΪĳ󣬸ãԺ໥ģֻԽԽá
δһֱãС׺С١˽гϢģûһԵģĵľʹҶô
ԼҵȻܲǺСڱǲһЩġﻹΪϸС׾ܸס
׿ɲϸףõĴףӨ͸صȴףɱϸŪĶˡ
δ룬ӦҶ͸С׺С١ģֵ˹Ҳûóԣ˵ѣˡ
飬μҾͺѻϡ
ȻҲ˵С׵ĺá
ŮҪ޸Сף治ĵġ
δţʶĿһԼķֺܿҡͷС˵û£Ժ鰡Ժ˵
СѾ׼С١Էˡ
ɲ֪Ժôһ


580

û졣
С°ųҾ߳ţͱ躰סˡ
ͬһǰڴԺסţûнοСѾڴԺסš
С׻Ǻֵġ
Сװ°˰ɣ裺ûлشԺˣҪһϰ࣬Ҷ㡣
һ˵ţһߴС׵Ĵš
һɫĹװΪѩĹϵһɫ£ΧŻɫΧ
һŲۣĹͷǺ۵ģΪ·ûвҲܺʵ
ӣ趼֪Ǻӡ
нϵЬӣ߰˳£ܺʵǷˮİɣ˵Ьӣѩﶼѩˮᶳš
Ƿ˰֮ǰڴԺС׻ѧͽʱϵѣһǲŲϴķףЬӾ͸˵ˡ
Ժ󲿷˶ǹŽŵģҲϰܴһ˫ЬҲǽЬﻹЬҲǴڵġ
û취ǿܳԱѾܺˣģܰžͰˡ
֮ǰС׺С١ڹţǴЬҲãŲĲЬһǰһķĸо
֪ѾС·ЬֵͨǮˡ
ʱ౾٣ҶСõһЩϰ·úܲ·ˣʱ˿ҲӲʵĺӡ
һߴһ㣬ҪһлýҪˣǵʸҪЩǮУֶŮʱƼңһ㲼ƱҲǿԵġ
ϾûԼֶŮҲ̯СףӲǣԼҪ㶫ҲӦõġ
С׿ƣɫ䣬ô˵һ׽Ļʵ裬ûҾȻȥˣҼﻹء
ֲʧˣĶӺŮ۸С١С١Ӻǵ̾Ķӻ˵ġ
ǻײأ軹ſ֣һ˵С١ӲҪӳȥ棬ӸˡС·ҵʱװĻ
СûжĶŮʲôѾǿڹĸ˵˵˴ˣھӵģûҪŪɳˣҪȻù
С׺ͰĶӼΣҪȻĶӣʵһЩ
ڿʧһ׽ҪռˣСû˦ߣѾǺܺõĺˡ
㼱ʲôһҪСסСױܿ֡
Сף裬ʲô¾˵ɣҿ϶ﲻæġ
֮⣬˵˵ҿ϶ﲻϵġ
һճ˳飬û˵ʲôأСӾðĻԼǸܶ󣬲æ
һˬ룬ʱԼֶŮС׵ϱԼˣܲ
ûæ
裺ҰⲻǿھӵģҲߵ磬һ˴С١Ҳͦġ
СҲ˵࣡
ǡֵ֪ܸã㲻ࡣֵһ飬Ҳûбֳֻ۵׵ǱСײ׽ˡ
һֱ;˺ãҺ̤ʵܸɣҪȻһôѵܵ󡣡
ĿޣСֻǰţ÷
״Ҳ˵࣬ؼģҲСˣ⡣
ģҿһչС١Ҳͦ׵ġСֳϣ᲻ЪҲˣ˵ܸɣҲҪ֪֪ȰɣϴҪ˰ɣиֶŮ
СִĻ˵裬û£Ĺùֵ˳ԣʵ벻˰ϴ˵ӣɲģҪֶŮҹҲﲻæ
û˼С׾ǹŤ
ʲôСֲǲ֪
ܽʲôõĹ
˵ˣСѹûҶŶҲĳ
ǣǣû˵˸ɻܸҲڣҲû飬ⲻѰ˼ŴҶһԺסŵģҲˣкʵĹ͸˵һ˵
Т޺ΪֶŮĺÿܸɣӡһҲöС˵ʲôõġ
С׼͵ܵˣȢ޲ҪӴڽӴ
裬ҽܶ󣿡Сüʵ
԰裺ֶŮܸˡ
С״Ļʵ裬ֶŮˣ
ΪСȤһϲ˵ûʲôɣȻԼһ˵СӾˡ
Ҳǣûģﲻ顣


581

˵֮ǰֻ߳ɵİգôСѯʣа˾ųˣʲôⶼûˡ
ֶŮ޳ƷСأҲȢϱӴڽӴ䲻ˡ
ƺѾлýԼǰ˵϶Ц˼
ˣҲϲ̵ĿֶŮʮһ꣬ǻһ͡
Сǳ˳飺裬ֶŮҴ󡣡
գһ㶣ֶŮС׶
ܿЦˣʲôԵŮשһʲôϵ
СЦЦҲǲŴһ㣬Ǵͦġ
ء
轩סֲİ˰֣ʲôһ֪ˣȢϱɲҪȢ˹˼ҵ
ôˣð˴걧һש꣬ñשֶŮڿܸɣҲ׼ܸһĸ
һ¡СţʵȥˣĴĻ
裬һֲ̡
԰Ӧգһ£ֹ˵ˣֱ׳˵㲻֪˫̥˵һͷһβһҲˡ
⻹治֣Ҵ󲮵ŮСӾһôţҲһţʡء
ŶСӦһ£ЦЦ裬ллˣһżҶ󡣡
ôҲû뵽С׻ͻȻ˿ڷ磬ղŲǻúõô˵Ҫˡ
ǾֶŮ󣿡ϷҪȰ˵ʲôСװģϱ͵ҴһЩģˣҲźϴϴˢˢ
ˡСף裬Ҫû飬Ҿˡ
Сף𼱰
æ£æ˵ֶŮҼͣҪȻջشԺ濴
Һ˵ֶŮ֪ˡСףΪáҪóȻ˴С׵ʱͲҲС˵ˡ
С׿һе裬üͷ𣬵裬治ҪһС
СʲôСȳɼҺҵϻ˵ģһ˵Ļ˵ĶģҪġ
С׿һеֶŮģһ
裬ҲʮꡣһûгһʮһĹ飬Ͳ̫𣿣
һɵˣʶôС
䣬ֺܿ췴Ӧæ˵ʮҲСˣʮˣóꡣ
ʮ߰ɼҵ˺ǻʮҲͼˡ
⵹Ϲ˵ģ˵ǻˣ缸꣬ܶطҲʮ߰ͽɼҵģڣƫһЩĵطʮɼҵҲ١
£ֻܰϯ֤϶ǲеġ
ҲС׻ڣ˾ϯˣһɣͳˣҪҲС
һ˴С١డ°æģȢϱˣϱˣĻҲòģؼҾȷԡ
軹ž˵š
СײͷԼĴ£ְΧ˳˵裬ڻûҶ뷨лˣҼﻹ£Ͳ˵ˡˡ
˵꣬СҲ跴ӦԼ첽Խ뿪
С׶ļֻóıӰĺСףҺ˵һҪشԺ
СûлػֲԳˣôشԺȥ࿴ҵֶŮ
ҶҲҶ㿴С
迴СԶȥıӰͷƣСӿ˸ģΪһˣ뵽ôСء
ϵްӣһ䣬ĽСů͵ѡ
һߣһţҪСײϲʹģǴֶŮƲˣСֶŮڲʮ꣬Ҳ̫Сˣ˵ʱ
˼ȥǵС׺ԼֶŮһ棬СԼֶŮ󣬵ȼ˾Ͳôˡ
͵кӣѪյʱ򣬵ʱ򰡣ɱżǡ
ôһ룬ĵǾȥһ롣
С׻ؼңȻͰԺȥˡ
һתۣ͹ȥˡ
ֶŮϣϵʱ軹רŸֶŮĵĽ˵ֶŮںС˵ദʱʹСһż
ɵþһЩֻǸռСˣ飬ɲռ˱ˡ趣š
СȻСײʮ꣬ЩԸ⣬һ־ͦõġ


582

ͲҲû£ÿĻСտɲԼҵ˺´Щһʹϱ
ʽͷûйţǹʿ϶߬ˡ
ԺţǾһ֮ˣǷĲƱʲôģ϶Ҳŵģʱܹ˲Ʊѡ
һʮСӣҲʲôˣ˵ɩĸأСӻТС
ùãģ֪ġ
ͷҲ£Ҫռ˱ˣҲҪǸˣҾȥ϶ҵġ
С˵Ҫһڼû顣
ûʲô£˭Ҳȥһ˹ֲǣϾȥһˣ˭Ϊʲôȥġ
˵Ҫ汨ˣǴȥɻôˡ
Сתһ룬Ҳ˵˵ԷҲǲҵģҪȻåǿɲǿЦģܴҪǹӵġ
Сһ贫ڣһߵͷ
ԼǵТСǲԸ
Сϲԣһ߹ԹԵЦӦţһȴߺߡ
ùãģһǵĺõģ׹ùáһǵСʱء⻹ûгأ͵ŲƱƱˣÿ¾ô㣬Һ˳ʲô
ùãʱҲܾҲһ˶ô鷳ˡŹ֣ҹµķӣƾʲôҪסء
ùãȽ˻飬һѹܼҵĻƽӹģʱȥվʲôģùùôȥСһھҪƱƱϳİ
ֶ˾ôһ·ֹһ·ĬĬţҲֵġ
˴ԺСǿŴԺĻüͷʶĻһĨ
ǰŵùüΣǸʱСȻǳҲ̫̫СˣûԺء
׵ûס
һ뵽ԺԳƷҲܽ򹤣ܺ͸ղŹʱ·Щʱ°ĹһŹСֲίˡ
ûע⵽ֶŮɫһ̽ͷԺңûСڣЩƣܿ;ãģҲԺȣǾֶŮȥ
·С׼ҵʱ軹صؿ˿û룬ȻС׼һŵġ
С·Ͼ˵ˣһϵſ׹ʵùãһ𣿡
ͷûڣƻûǽӰء
֣˵üͷһ壬ͻȻԼû˵㣬ЩΡ
ˣҾϣЩʱˣǼʱ˽˽⡣
ǸңСЩ죬˵ͷӦһùãȱ˵ˣ˵ġ
ʲôЦЦֶСհҺ˵Ҿ߳ĹʱǻӰģ㵽ʱҹȥ֯ҪȻȥ
˵ôãҲ˵˵ѣ򻧿ôŪ֮ǰմ˼޸ˣȻҾ߳ˣ˹ϵŰŪҾ߳˸๤
Ȼǹ˼꣬ڲת˳ǰ˺üꡣ
ǼԵһֱ˵ĿȻҲɼ޳ȥŮһֱö
ԣǼ깤ϽҲ֨
ת˳򻧿ˣһҲе԰ˡ
Сһţһ߹ԹԵӦͷ
ʵֻҪܽǣ˳򻧿ڣϰ඼ԡ
ۣڵʳۣ
ڹϰ࣬ĸɸɾģҲõָһѺںڻƻƵ۶۲
Ҫ֪ùõŪڣҲŪ˺üģ֪
СƲ죬Ҫǹù˵׵еͣʶһʲôµģȹùǻףŲء
Ҳǣǻģò׽ɳǡ
迴СúС˵ͻȻСײϺԼֶŮ̸ΪСõԭ򣬲죺Сװ㻹̫ˣϱ͵ҴģëѾͷ£Ӱɶ֪
ָɣĻ˭˵ʲôСһӾͺˣߵģġ
裬˵˭ǻëѾͷأСã㲻ΪС׸ܶ󲻳ɾͺ˵˰С׸ŶҲǻ롣
裬ɨäһֱأҪǲʶȥɨäΡ»ǹ涨ˣҪ˲Уͬ־Ҫʮ꣬Ůͬ־Ҫʮˡ
˵ţС¶ģС׸綼ûгأôżѾʮһֶŮǲ̫ˣѲɡ
ĻСһСȻ˵ֱ̫ˡ


583 

㵽ʱ򡭡
á
СһЩˣţʱʱĵͷ
ɲԼ˵Щʲôã¿ûٿèţŪµģСʲôֻһ㹴ѪյСӣϽֻؼҵֶζѣûֶŮȥô
˽£Ҳû˿ᴫʲô֪ġ
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ãһעģùġ
йùڰʲôˡ
Ϊ辡ģҲΪôԺˣرǿʱС׿ڿ졣һңźһˮСվæ
裬һСϢһվſں·ẮţҲܿСʲôʱģô
ĵ㣬Ȼĺ䣬Ҳû취վ½ţ˵ˣԣ˻ġ
һͲȱѵĶˣСյڿҲͲȱ˿ˡ
ɨأæСæȻģСȺˡ
Ժ˿ɷ׷׵Ŀ
裬ֶŮڿ졣
ЦĲ۾ˣɲ⺢ӴСڿܸɣò׽һˣôҲЪҪҸɻ˵ϰ̫ˡ
Сƺ˹ùõĿ佱ܲ˼æ⣺ù˵ﻰҹֲ˼ġ
СʱҲǹùôģòпչһˣùϰ๤ѾˣҵȻҪŸһùùɿһЩˡЩҲʲôƣ˳ֵ飬ùÿɲҪٿˡ
⺢Ӿ̫£̫Т˳̫ˡ״εҡͷ˵ܲ𡣡
˭ϣԼҵĺӱ˿䣬Լҵļҽ̺ãСڿ죬Ҳ׷һһĿ
Ҫôô˵ǹֶء
ǣõѽǿ˶Ľ
Сɫ޿㣬ɫС黨ްɫͷΧϵڲϣͷӣպģɬɻĶɾ䣬һ˾ܸɡ
ϵ·ȻˣóܰϧͷûһԼרųݵ·
Ժв˶űн򹤵˽ǵģ֪СǴģֽڿ죬Ҳڿģں˵һʱ䵹Ҳֵġ
мСӣէһǸĹͰͲסƵԼҵţȻʲô͵͵
Щٶ迴ǵ⡣
ԼֶŮĿСףлýҪʲôˣȻЩ˶ֲռ˵СӳΪ׼ҵġ
Сյûе뿴ˣֱֱԺҹ˶˯ˣС׶ûл˵򿪷ţСл˽ദˡ
ߵ֣δ￴˼
˵δ֮ǰԼŮСǸӵģԸģôҪ˵ľٶúδĸ߸ߵˡ
ʲôģδȴĪԼŮҪ˽غĸооһҲúδЩˡ
СսˮΣ·С׼ҽſʱʶƫͷһۣȻţҲʲôͷǺĽ
ͷӦûǲİɣȻùôӵ⣿
ӿ϶ܸùõģҪȻԺ˶Ȣϱס
δСԺˮʱһΡ
˿СգδֹɱС״ٰɣ
Сձֵĺڿ죬δﲻ֪ôģоöСղ⣬ΪԼŮ£ֻǾĹ䲻Сס
СûʱԺڽˮСգźС˵ĴԺСӣСﻮһĨ棬˭
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ԭⰡС׸粻ڡ
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ӣǺСðɣСЦŴкù˵ԺиСҲǴġ
СմСãɫѣɫ£ɫĿӣ·ɸɾģԼ²٣ͷɱӣģĲͻС
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ҪȢлڵĳУҪȻԼĿԣȢܴĿһģҪȡûƷԳԵǾ͵÷ԼĿа
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585 һ

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586

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δЦǺǵһСøҳ㻹˵ˣǼСðǰ飬˵꼶ģһ꼶ģܸҳ
裬˵ʲôءСЩԼһۣЩ˼ĶС˵С׸磬İɣ꼶һúأһᰡҾ͸ҳ
С׸磬С١Ҫﲻģ͹ҡҪȻҳչȥ̽ҲС⻰˵꣬СòŷӦԼˣʶĿһۺδ裬˵أ
С׻ûӦأδһԵͷͬûСװͲúͺδҿҪǺǼҿҶûˡ
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СʵҸڶѣû뵽δô飬źС÷ߵʱҲȵĽ˺СһȥС١ˡ


590 ô˼

Щε°ͣС˵Ҳ֪ȥС١˵᲻⡣
С١һֱҶ̵ģѧУʦѧϰҲù֪Сùȥܸܲö
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ˣȥʱɵøģϸģúõḶ̌ˡδҸպ˴˵ɼãҪǽ̵Ĳãɾ͹Ҳסˡ
ŮɼȷܺãδãҪǲģνȥ˼ˣ̴ˣɾʹˣⲻǶԴ⣬⡣
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591 ˭Ҫ

˵Ժģͷﵫûϵģûиֵܵģ㣬ױ۸
δӣϼҵݹϵҲãȻǲµġ
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592 

ֱвĲᣡţŬԼĵ׵Ķʼɡ
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֮ǰСԽС׽ԺʱͶ˼ˣҪȻῴüء
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֮ǰҲΪСնſ˼ۣСױؿһۣʶϰߣ˶ſܻĪĻؿû˼
ȴˣСգֱСնĲ˼ˣЦǺǵͲˣ֮ǰ˵ˣǲģǻһ͵ĹȻѾˣ͡
ùãǲǲ̫ð
ŹùԼҾ߳ſС°СЩԥЩԸԼôǸƻŮһ˳ȥ˵
ôˡһۣﲻˣȥ°࣬СףȻˣǴк˵˵ҲӦõġ
СһҲǡ
ʵҲ⶯±˵лѣһɣҲûܾԹԵͷùõġ


593 592 īŵķ羰

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ģҶһʼԪʡǵİٻ¥ǰǸһ
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595 Ӳ

½ȻҶ濴ЩʧֱҶǿȥʱŷӦҶͷЦЦ
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īˣԴѹ˲̫ҽӽҶһ뿪Ҳͷ׷˽뿪ˡ
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īƺ֪뷨ЦЦҲǣһ֪ҺɲһҿҪǮˣǮûڵϡ
ֳֶ˳飬˶ôNɪǷᰡ
Ǹīǽִ򲻹ī׼Ҹͷ͸īҸƫƧĵطһˡ
ī´ֻ̼һƵҲץɡ
ƲƲ죬ԼҪ͸īƽϡ
Һ˵ֵѹһЩȵĿ˿Χ½ȻڣҶҲûż˵Ҷ£˶ء
ţīԣĶŽ֡
ֺǺһЦֻĿڣɵÿһЩʡıèˡ
īֵ֪˼ˣ½Ȼӵķ򣬵ᣬҶԼģġ
ôƶʼ磬Ҳû˵ʲô
˵˼䣬ī㶪½֣Ҷ֮ǰסȥ󣬽ֿŸīıӰҡҡͷЩЦ
ղŻ˵أⲻǲĵҹȥˡ
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ˡҶ棺Ҳûʲô΢һ¶ѡ
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īʲôĵģû˾õˡ
ҶЦЦͻȻӣᡣ
ûпڣīæ˵棬ҿûг̣ǽǻ쵰ղųˣվĽմһζ


596 Ҳ֪

˵˲̣Ͳ̵ġ
ŲûйϣţԸī⻰ɲɵ·ĽֶУƮб½ȻĶС
ַվſڣĸīȡЦţҶ֪ôϱҪ֪õĸţǸ޹ϣ֪ж˻ᾪ°ˡ
īûĵͺһôﶼ¶
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ֶԣʶһˣүӻһˣ۲ϹҲûգ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôֺ棺ǲã
ҶЦԣõؾǣٹ¡
֣˵
ӣ֪Ϊʲôд¾𣿡īһԣҲѧҶĳƺ֡
ͻȻвԤУīЦģ۾Цģʶҡҡͷ
īЦݸˣһһٵΪԸ⣡
ꡭҶûסЦ
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ϸ㡭УǷ򳪸棬˵ǡֻӲŷӦߺߵ˵š
Ҷ۾һתЦڣӣ֪
Ҳ֪ˡæ֡
֪϶ʲôûˡ
Ҵˣ˰ɡҾͲﰭǵˡ˵ţһҡͷһ뿪
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û뵽ī˻˵Ц
Ҷ治ϲζôˣ½Ȼ֪뵽֮ǰҶǰ̣Щ˼ЩգԼĹ۲㹻ء
ΪȻûй۲쵽Ҷ治ϲζ
ע⵽粻̣ǲǡ
˹ƻҶ͸ī̸Ϊīݵλԭ򣬿½Ȼô룬ΪҶǿ˸īݣģǸīʲôϲϰɣ
˵ܾĵЦţͺܲˡ
īźϵʱ򣬸о½Ȼߣ½ȻЦһ£źϺ󣬱չȥҶ˷ڴͷӡ
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층ͲãɩһˣôҲøźɩ˵ʱ䣬ҪȻﲻþǻᵹùġ
緹Ǹīģһ㽴ˣ
ҶõģѹװһһҲǱƴһЩѣĳԣ죬ʣһ
ҲõģѹװһͶٿˣԣٺòˡ
Ǹīķ
ͼ򵥣һٿʱĴĽġ
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ҶʰˡҶش
ʵʲôҪʰģõĶϵҲûɽһͺˣǱռȥ
īҸһЩǵóԡ
ûҶ˵ʲôīͬ΢΢üͷ棬ҪʲôʲôУСϵĻʳҲòȥԼԡ
ûʱȥҰζͰˣﻹ̰īһ㶫
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ûܸԺõģīѾþˣЩ˼
ҶͷŸīī㲻˵ľҵ𡣡
ī֣صĵĵͷԡ
ĶҵˣҸ㶫ôˣҶ棺Ҳ뱳ȥˡһ仰ɹĴ˸īĻ
Ļøī뷴ûˡ
ңҾǸһЩԼҲһЩҳԵ٣Եġī˵ҪҵĻģⲻʲôΥԭ顣
֮⣬ҵģܷ
īԹԹԵͷҶֹģǲᡣ
죬īֻҪʱͶҶٴݣЩ˼ˡ
棬㻹ûأҾѾѾѾˡ
˵ͳö˵⻰ҶһȣͻȻҲЩ
˿ҪЦˡҶﶼЩɬѹɶ¶µĸо˵ˣʱѽ
˭¶㲻ѹı飬ĶİɣοīҶ˵ǲһġ
ī棬ﵽײ̫ȫСϰĹһʱ䵽ȥġ


597 ҶеĴ

Ҷ滹˵ʲôʱСµ
ţŶǱѾװˡ
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СЩҲŵģǱѾ˴ˣٲɩһеϿ϶ͺˡ
·ҲȫһЩ
īԣʱһģӦ֪ˣ͹ȥ
ǰҶס˸ī֣ڴĿУˣչ˺ԼҪԼΣյľС
⻰ѸīأҲҪǰ¶ܡ
īȻûвӦġ
ҶûС°ŵɽī
˲ǰͷߣСĬĬں档
īҶһ·û˵̫࣬˸㿴ңҿ㡣
һĻСܸо֮ƮڿеĲᡣ
ŶסСԺź棬һ紵ϸϸСëƮ
С£ˡ
īڴʱ򣬵һʱͿҶ棬ûдãᶳš
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·ģ·ۣ֮ǰսĵطһЩ˼ȥͨĵ·ĺã٣»ˡ
īԵͷǶͨǰҪ˿һУɲҪʲôΣˡ
ǣ
ðźԱ˸īĻ˼һ£˵Ҳ̫ģ·϶עͺˣһ˾˵ĵġ
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·ߣԿǰͷеںš
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С´żһǹ֧ôҾøˡ
ҶҶ͸īϳѺ͵ģҶܾˣֲ߲
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ûס룬̵ٶȣһɥʬܲ
ī
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ҶоģתͷЦЦҲĻ֡
СڲУĽ˾ȣҲᡣ
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¹꣬һЩŬϵĴףҶиīڣ䣬ůġ
ҲˡһᣬҶĶԸī˵
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Ҷ·ŲӸ·һʼ˵浹ûô˵ˣֻҶ͸īڵ˵š
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īһ˵ţһͿڴҶæ֪ɲҪٸʲôˡ
죬īͰƱȯȫҶˣ͸ԼƱãԻмͷƱˡ
īڨЦûС
ҶһȻˣ
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ڴˣǱҶ濴ˡ


598 

ҡ
īץץԴڨڨûУ棬Ҿϰٶѡ
Ҷﲻ֪ô£ЩЦҲЦˣҲû˼ҾǾó̶岻ѺãϾ㾭ˣҪ̲סͳɣٳһĺá
ҲͶ̶̼ʮ꣬Ҷ澭ĩ֪ĵҪԣȻΪ˸ī룬ܲôҲС
īҡͷû£棬Ҿһʼе㲻ϰ߶ѡ
Ӻɷ˵Ҫܺء
˵ţ״ڳŵҶ濴ʶ
;ҲʱЪһᣬһּ·
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߸֪ȥˣأ·̮˴£Ǹ˽⣬òǰ˵ͨˣ컹ûͺʹ峤˵ϸϼˡ
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īҶ͵˵طŷġ
С¡ΪСȴ˽ԺӵģŽҲȿСµˡ
īʱ򣬾־ϲţþò˰ϴһǾһûˣллæչ
ŽڣǶˣ㻹ôīԶӦúúдǵģҲ֪Ҳˡ
Ϊ˹ⲻˡ
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ҶѰŵ֮ǰסȻһ
Ȼܣһ죬ҲЩܲˡ
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ҲһεģҶֲϡ
ҶݺһûīһߺŽ˵һƵƵĿҶ淿ķ
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īһҲûв˼ЦЦУŽæţҹȥһ·ˣҲۻˡ


599 

ȥɣȥɣŽڿĵЦŻ֣һҲøīʲôõġ
С᲻
īһߣŽھͿʼΧŸջĶ糵תƣ룬֣һʼкԱж
豸ǱһֱųϵĺãжȷһԺٺ֮ǰĴһ
Щ죬ҶһûڣŽһߵǳһߴСĵоѾһֵƬϾѾŪˡ
С¼ڣжȻġ
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ҶڴϣоīĿԣŵʱֻӦһ˵ˣƶûһ¡
īţͼҶ뿿ڴϣմɳѥѾŵһȥˡ
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ҶһҲûв˼ĸоš
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ռгģʽģǺһһ죬ҶҲ֪оӦôݡ
ī߹ȥڴβ£ҶһߵĽţȲĿУΪ
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˵ʱرĴ⣬ûڸīϿ˵һֱûʲôı֡
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ī춼ˣôȥ
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ʱ飬ֻҪƾƱȯĶƾǺһӴյģڵطᣬͬ£ҲһֻǻȵطҪһѡ
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뿪ʱ·ֹɸīʱͻȻжһͻȻϮ
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Ҷ棺ᡣ
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Ȼ˵Сɸī䱾ܺǺ˲٣Ȼ⻰ġ
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ô˵ɸīڸҶఴŽţܻǻţǰûܣҲͦˣûܣǰ;Ͷһȥˡ
ͬ־֪ī÷УŽʱÿīҶ水ŵһĻһ£ȻЩΡ
īҶţҲû̫ע⣬㸵ī֪˿Ҳͣ¸Ҷఴŵľٶġ
εĻҶ棬ǸīһҲûбĲ˼̹ȻĶͬ־ЦЦк


600 С

ͬ־Щ󡣡ī⻰ʵǴкҲѡ
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ϾҪžͺܿȥҶ͸īȥָøīҶôء
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Ҷҡͷ㣬û¡
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ͬ־һͬüҶˣ˵ǰҶ浱ӿˡ
СҶҾҪ˵ˣôܲúչԼأҪ֪ǸıǮ
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Ҷ棺
Լŵ洫˷˵ζҶæϣ㣬ǲǲʱ俪ˣ
Ŷԣǿˡͬ־ҲԼҪ÷еġ
ˣҽ͸ţšʵͬ־Ҳ֪īȻˣȻһˡ
Ϸгȥˡ
Ҷ´ѥӣͬǣѥϹɳ౻īĵˡ
īķҶģϴֹͽӹУҶߡ
棬ײ˺һ˿
Ҷ淹˵һ룬ī˼ڣͼʱɿҶ档
ʲôԣҶһƤЦ
СֻиīС
īΣôָˣ˵Լ
Ҷɲܸīľᣬռﶫôֻ࣬͵͵īһĲҶѾܺˡ
ûǣīѪŹȥûá
˳ʲôνҲܲţҶôҲҪһīԵģ²ʲôġ
ԹҶķУīȻĽӹȥȥˮǰϴˡ
½Ȼע⵽һĻʶĿ˿ˣûŽһ˵Ͽ죬ףӦòǵһˣŽǶֲˡ
½Ȼ˼īôǸţСȥϴҲ˾òãƫƫԼϴˡ
øжҶ֮һɣ
鲻ۣһһģһһģҶҪϲϸīҲѡ
뵽½Ȼζ֯һ涼ˣŻع
½Ȼ֪Žһ˲ֵģɳĮʱ䣬㹻˽˸īҶĿغάˡ
ϴôˣɳĮϴ˰ңīҶռˮϴء
ȻЩ飬֪Ҳ֪ˣҲᵽ˵


601 һϷ

һμİ½Ȼڵˣע⵽ֻһ£㵣⸵ţҶºܺѽ
ⶼ˵ܺˣֱϧĺܡ
˵뷨īûܣǾˮ̫ˣҶûҪѡ
ΪҶһɽЩʱգҲ˺óһʱ䣬˻ˣȻˣ󣬴Ҳû뿪ԺΧŻ¯ӺͲĻѣһ߿һ˵Ż
ҶϴʱͷһЩʪϢģһ£ѱȥ
īÿˣҪǻݣҲúһ濴֣Ҳ˵㻰
ϴˮõĴյģһһգΪ˸ɽĶԱϴⷦΪҶ淹磬ԣȥϴ衣
ϴǰīŰˮˮĻصؿһϴ䡣
Ǽ򵥵שһˮɳǽһľ嶤ģЩأضкصȻľҲˡ
ϴŮãûţֻʹõʱһӰŵסҲƲͿˡ
ȻϴһϵʱҲ˻ȥţ֪ûϴ䲻˷Ѿȥ̧ǸľŹġ
ϴªѾɽеĺܲϴˣطֻǴż鸴ϰڵ͵ϴˡ
ҶȻһδεıˢޣ˶ܲ˵ʱֻǱ΢ľһ£һͽˡ
ʲôεεıԹ죬ʲôҲô飬ûгֹ
ЦҶôǴĩģٶӵĻΣյĩԱȣﲻǾòѡ
ϴȻªڷ絲ģзͻڵĸϰ崵ĸ֨Ҫɢ
ҶҲûĥ䡣
ɿϴͷϴ裬ˮҲûϵԴӿռóһЩ
ﲻôٸëͷĲˣųȥ
īһҶæµλ˳ԼŲһԡ
ͷûиɣüôɡǶ죬ôͷǻðġ
ҶЦĵ㿴д˵ˣǳģֲǶȼ٣ûôණ
īҲӦЩΣһֵҶıİͷ£ԼܸҶ浱ɻˡ
ķ䴩󣬶СĵطǺܽ䣬ϱԭ򣬻û˻ע⵽
Ȼһֱ˾ٶ½Ȼ⡣
Ҷȵһ㶣һůŤͷ˵ʲôһŤͷͷҪѿֻԴǱббīлл㡣
˰ҲãЩСˡ
Ϊϴˮ裬ַ˺һԵʣϴŵΣɫûô԰ˡ
øīЩſڣ˵ˣ㲻Ҫҿôء
ҶЦûУҾǻϲ
һ仰ٴΰѸī˵Ļŭ
Ҳϲī˵
䣬Ҷ濴ͷָһ룬ȴû̫⣬ֻ˿˴˵˫ӳű˴˵Ӱ
īҶ૵Ļš۾ĺܺÿأ
īĿһȣҲЩԺ档
ĵ˸һ⣬ڰҹĻ˼أǶ߻˵ЦҲ
½ȻһֱԼҪ࿴ɻûסҶ棬ȻҲûд˵Сٶʹʱӣֶ£Ҳɤӣ˵˺ܴ
Ҷ͸īһĻϣСĿĽƳһ½Ȼֿ˿īµĲǻһĨЦ⡣
û뵽ûȥ˯ܿһϷء
ҶҲûбݸ˿뷨ŸīЦЦ
īĲһӾͱҶˡ
ָҶͷһѣ˿⶯ǸīҶ˵ʲô֮һֵСֻҶ͸ī֪ǰͷͷˡ
ͷ±īɣĦ˼ķ˿Ű¡
ͷã˿˿˳ϺõĳжҪˡ
棬ͷˡ
ͻȻôһ˵Ҷ浹һ£Ϊʲô
īûʲôǾ㳤ܺá
ôҶͷͲÿͲϲˣҶü㲻ú˵Ļ͹ȥģ


602 °

Ȼ֪Ҷûīæǣ棬㲻̷ܶǳҶϲÿ
Ҷ治һī־ָͷ׼ġ
Ҷһסīú˵
Ҳû˵ţһţҪǱ˿ˣ˵⽨ŰɴС
Ŀܶһ˵ʲô˵ģоͷĸŮӣ죬ԼҵĺӣΪӦʳֵġ
īһһţſѧʱҪı˿˾ٱȥǻᰤġ
Ҷ治Ŀ⣬īڨȻЦЦ棬Ҳ˵ˡ
ԼݣһЩ
úúãġ
Ҷ⵽Լղ鼱֮ץ˸īָѾ˳Ƶס֣ʮָյ
˿յ֣ܵԴԴϵĴů͵Ҷ̧ͷһǳЦûгĻ˻ȥ
ֻ֪һ򵥵ĶøīһӾ𣬿쿪Ļˡ
ΪſĴ£ȻȴҲ֪ڴµڵ£˵һֱһֱţֱ˵Ĳˣ׼Ϣʱ˵ɿ
ǽ˯
ī棬㲻õģﻹ䷿ţʰһ¾Ϳ˯ˡ˵ϻֵҹˣ˵ֵҹĴ̶ԸһҲͺˡ
ҶţҲûˡ
ҶŻطתʱ⿴½Ȼı飬΢ܿ죬͵ʲôҲûз֡
Ҳ½ȻϲģúҶһֱҲţܰѾˡ
ڴϣҶһûһĺͬ־졣
ͬ־СҶҿԵҲ٣ѹӪѪˣɲС
ҶԣЩЦȱԺȣôӪǸīߵĺòá
Ҳ˵ʲôӦŻ
ͬ־˵˵ţһת˵īϡ
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Ҷ棺šͻ
ҲǸͦõģĸûУдʲôʱ𣿡֪Ҷû˫ףͬ־ְҶ浱ӿģȻҲͶˡ
ңһûأңĸҲͲˣҲǹҶ˵ţͻȻͣ˵һˣС١Сء
ҵû뵽ţҲûˡѹˣۿɳĮôˣϣȻûн顣
˶û˫װ飬С֪ʲô
ҲûϵͷûгǾʽڲ°Լϲôô졣
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ͬ־ֻߣЦЦûʲôģ˱ؾḶ́ÿ˶ôһġҲСԽˣˣһúùӡ
ף⻰ôЩ죬ŶϣһȰŮҲĻġ
Ҷ浹ҲҪͬ־ؾԼˣЩͰˡ
СҶţܺãܿԺǸɷ򡣡ͬ־һ£˵˵ЩæְǱͬȻæ
ɩɲǼ׵顣ھӾǣһ굽ͷ棬иȻԳţûģӣûġ
Ҷ͸īɲһиģϸīҶҪҲ
ǿīҶģͬ־ҲῪ˵ġ
Ҷ氲ţͬ־ĻͦͬģīΪԲˣֻǺݵġ
ڻǸɷҶЩȣԼǰɣӦ˵һʼᣬҲȥѧϰġ
㣬֪ġ
ͬ־ЦЦ뵽ʲôԥһ£ǿˡ
СҶи㣬ûб˼ǣǡ
ͬ־ҶЩ֣һ£ͬ־Ҳûзִ˵ˣǵͷ˶ţϨ˵ҲӦ
㣬ʲôʰɣҪ֪ģҾ͸㡣
ãǣͬ־Щģ˵һõҶı֤ſڡ
СҶ͸ţûУûʲôɣ
ͬ־˵ʲôҲûô˼ɶҶʱЩŤˡ
Ҷ浽ǸδĹҿ׾ҲĻɲǲ£ûҽ̵ҰѾͷôʣʵЩðҲͬ־ôͰˡ


603 ϥлƽ

Ҷܿͬ־˼Щ˼ǻشˡ
㣬Һ͸īϵܴ࣬ٴ಻ˣû˵ţҶֹΪ֮ǰīŵԵ
룬Ҷĵ͸īȻ໥ΪԷģͦģʲôҲûɰ
ͬ־һһһҲûҶĻ
ûоͺáͬ־һ˵ҵҲøţǸεˣǾãһҪ԰ģֻ԰ˣͬ־Żϧ
Ҷû뵽ͬ־ôһ⣬⻰ںȽҲ˶ġ
šҶӦš
зɺ͵µԼҪĩ
뵽ĩҶæüͷ뷨ѹԺȥͬ־һûһš
һ䷿īڴϣڰУϱЩ˵֡
Ҫͬ־Ҷģֻϰܵʹã۲һΧûʲôû뵽ͬ־Ҷѭѭ̻塣
īЩֲǰ㲻ˣͻ棬ռˡ
ҶǱߣͬ־ڵĺ˵ţīߣɨһѾ˯ķСˣЩε̾һ
Ҷ沢֪īû˯ͬ־죬ҪȻһѷ򿪵ġ
۾ϣʱѾ
߶ϴҶո۾ֱˣ˸ѱ˯
ҪĩһиżҲ
ͬ־Ҷһ·ֺ˰ޣ𴲵ʱŵģҲûнҶĴ㡣
ھĿûʲôҪµĻһҲûʲô
ҶҲһᣬͬ־ȥ˰СʱҲʹ룬ӡ
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Ҷվ£Ӧ¶Ц̫һ
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ҶͷЦ硣
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Ҷͷæٴһ㣬ҳԲ̫ġ
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īҲ֪ҶƢԣֶˣȻᷴЦЦ֪ȥɡ
ҲôҶǸ𴲵ĸ𴲣򷹵Ĵ򷹣ҲûʲôעµһĻ
½Ȼ֪ῴĳһûͣͻҶ棬һͿ⻥ɬ޲øīھߣû취ճҶˡ
ҶϴͼīһֶһУվԺ
ëͦΣУȴĪҶůġ
ԼЦݣҶͻȻ첽ȥæϵľظīϣղžͲӦðѴ¸ҵġ
ľºܺأߣҶҪŲܹڸīһľٶϥǡ
ûѽҲ䡣īЦ
ܿǻϵ˵ų˼ëŰӣҲᶳġ
Ҷ棺ҲУҪעġ˶Ҫ£ôҲ̫ڳ˲ǡ
ƽּ򵥵һĻڲУЩﷸֹЩ־ˡ
ϾǶ󣬻ʶģôãǸī̫æˣߵıһѣ͵Ǽǽˡ
ҶѴ¸īϣŽӹķУһȦûһľûкīȥ
СһƼĽִ㵣Ľ˵ˣȻǿҶ͸ī໥ǿīϥǡ
Ҫ֪ſ˵ˣӺɷϥлƽҪվϥǡ˿Ҷ棬С룬ǻҲͨõģǶԵԼˣͲ׼˰ɣ
ĬĬڴҪ˶ã˾Ҫ֤ˣ׼ˡ
˶͸ī죬īûôýӽҲױΪƨС˼˰ĵĴҶϡ
ҶڣʱúõϤԺҪʱõġ
Թ緹ī׼˻ȥˡ
Ҷ濴ҲҶ棬˾ô
棬úչԼҡ
ãīſڡ
ҶͷҲصҲչ˺Լõҡ


604 

ͬ־µĵ̲סЦο˵ĸ
ûнǰð󣬿ɾǲνײ裬ֱʱ˵ĶƱǮȻˡ
С¼ѾԺŵˣīҶ˵ʲô䶯ǣҲֻ˵˾䣺ǣˡ
áҶͷ
īתҶͻȻ
ī
˷ɿתҶ档
Ҷҡͷûʲôǣ·עⰲȫҲ֪Ϊʲôת뿪ͦġ
ī粽ҶǰͷȻʲôҲû˵תߴ뿪
ԼĥĥģͲˡ
īߵսҲ֪ԼʲôʱôѶϣŮ鳤ˣֱīȴֲųо
ߣīȺСµߣŲͣ
С¼ϣһ˴뿪
īˣҶ滹վ£һᶼûʲô
ͬ־״˵Ȼ᲻ãǾ͸ȥ
Ҷ治⡣
ͬ־һ·ֿڣʱģ˵ˣҲû£͸ţСҲð
ʱ·ŽҲͬ־Ļ΢һ˼׹ЦǺǵҶ£ǿŶȥ͸ţɣ컹ǻǳء
˵ˣڸţפסôЩʱ䣬ǿŶӻûкúõлأڹ˽Ӧ͸ţǵģ鷳Ҷһȥһ°ɣ
Ҷﲻ֪Žںͬ־⻰˼˿ˣЦЦͷá
һ󣬸īһѾ߳ȥˡ
Ҷûڵ飬תùԼİϣ׷ȥ
ŽڿţЦЦתкæȥͬ־ǿҶıӰοЦˡ
͵ЩŤŤЩ飬ûҪŤ󣬸ţľˣദʱ䱾Ͳ࣬˵ʲôʱսˣȻץסһʱһʱˡ
뵽ͬ־ЩᣬٳɣһţսûСҶ᲻ᣬͬ־æ˼󼪴⣬õ鷢ġ
ŽŲСֵĻͷԶԶҶ󣬾ȵһûϣ˺ü硣
ţš
˵īͷҲأĵһҲأ׽ˣȻȥúúһС
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ҲǣŸպҶֿīܺþ͹ˡ
īûаСŵڼ㿴ɩӡ
СµĻû˵꣬ī͵ػͷһ뱾Ųǰû˿ͣٵˣҶ汼ȥ
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Ҷ沢ûͣ£ų徢һӾͱ˸īͷ㡣
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С¼ҲˣɱӵĳֻеӰżġ
ڼ˺ܿعҪǣ̫ˣٶţɩӺˣһǻȥ϶͵áСˡ
ײײңŬŬ죬ˢˢƿߣ۽ǣ⣬͵͵תȥĿϼۡ
Ҷ͸īûʲôעûСڴĵӰwľͷˡ
īҶ֣ðŻСɵϡ
ⲻСɵ֪ͣô죬һˣææ׷ܵˡ
ɵء
߰ɣʱˣ㣬ǵڡҶһֲŽǵġ
īգЦЦ֪Žڹǿ᲻Ҷ棬ŻῪڵģôѾҪˣˡ
Ҷ͸īһ鲢ߣСµǰͷֹʧˣǲӦǰͷģߺͷܿһźɩôġ
˵ڣСʵҶڰٵС¥ٹȥһЩǹ硣
ŽֵԽߣӾԽƣûéݸǵéݣéݷ£ʱʱıһǣһ;÷Ҫȥˡ


605 Ҷ溦

ﲻطгǽһȦһȦΧģ߳˽ֵһ·ҲͳСˡ
Сǳڲûͣ£ǰʮףŲ
ܵøɩӺ͸ŵĿռ䲻ǡ
С¶֪īղŻʰš
С¼Ҫ󿴣ֲңȻ壬˫ŬźĶ
û취ֻٵʱפصӰһ궼ΣĹŵοʱҲͰһΣòеԣǵȻˡ
Ҷ͸īԼͬͣ£㿴ң㣬һֱţûɿ
档īĻҶһ˵͵ͺãúóԷҵÿ˾ͳ㡣
šҶͷ
֪ܵģԼһǺ˵ģȴôģҶЩΣ־ƺ֣Ͼ֪ôһ仰жǿڰǵУ㶼ܵ˺ģ㣬顣
ī̧ԥһ£Ҷգûж㿪˫Цע
ȵΪϵĺ⣬еĲҶůů
û˵ʲôīɢķ˿˸գֺתߡ
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֪ˣֻϣüظλ
ī߳ףҶͰ׷ȥһѴס󣬿Ϣů͡
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īԺﲻסķ仰عʱҶѾԶˡ
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Ҷ沢֪ḵīȥ·ϣ˼ŹճҶ档
ǱߺһЩīĵʱǿãһҲ̫ʱ䡣
ʵ@@мճģפеĳ٣ҪְλϣīȻΪţȴҲû˽õĵ
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һ·ϣС͵͵ƳƳīﷸֹ֪ղɩӺ͸˵ʲôһ·ֹס֮ǰͷɲһ
ȻɩܰѸŪķġ
ԺɩӺ͸Žˣɩиʲô飬ҲɩӰæ顣
īûע⵽С͵͵Ĵ֪СڴҪȻһ᲻鷳Сˡ
½Ȼ֪ҶȥˣЩģϾزģһиƦå۸Ҷ棬ǾͲˡһֱĲɵƵƵſڣȿҶһ


606

ϲľǹ۲ˡ
½ȻһֱſڣҲô£Ҷּ½Ȼĵһҡҡͷαصġ
ʵֶ½Ȼӡͦõģ˵˺ܶ໰ⶼĵһȥ
ɽֺ͸īĹϵҪãҪҶ治ϲīҲͰˣҶź͸īиģǶ
һԿ½ȻϲҶ棬˵ʲôֲÿڣֻѸī
οŶջֵ޴Žϱˡ
һĸоҲ֪Щļֵ̫ߣҪر𱣻ҪȻһеʧɸ
ԣڸīһ뿪󲻾ãɹ͵˾͵ˡ
شƫƧǰͷָͣսã˵СҲǰȫġ
ĿֳȻоļֵЩͳҪ󣬿Ŷڻİ£ﳷС
Ҷһгϳ룬ǰ󲻹ʱ䡣
֪ҪʱҶЩȣҲǰôôܻСİٵͣôá
͸ī֮ǰû뵽һ㣬Ҷ治ɵĿɽķ򣬸ī˵ҪճģҲøҪûҵԼӦûʧɣ
ƺҶ뷨ûʲôעʱ򣬵Ҷ²õģԵȵһطʾָϸҸ绰ͺˡ
䣬Щȷʵϸ绰𣿡
Ҷͷ
פسǰһī֣صһ룬תӵĻ
֮ǰùòϣڿҺ˵绰ҪȻھҪˡ
ֿ˿Ҷ棬죬ͻȻðһ䣺ϸǡ
ʲôҶ治⣬ֻҡҡͷûʲô
˵ҶҲûʣ룬ԼǸī@@ڱߣǰߣǲܱ֪ģѵ绰˿ǲȡġ
ϾһɲļҲǲ绰פȥġ
ֿҶ׹㿪ڣϸû˵ǺúõľСʵ˵ǣīΪˣɲܸ
Ȼû˵ҶȴĪ֪˼ЦЦû˵ȴĪýΪīһЩ
飬Һ׼ˡ
ҶЦЦǾлˣȻҲ⽭ȰѺҡ
䣬Цˡ
˵֮ǰҶͽֻЩ͵ģôι˵ǲʲôڵˡ
һǸīϵõѣһǸīĶҲûʲôȻûʲô໥ˡ
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ʱ·õ·ǹˣɹ·ûƽǳ·ãһ·ҡҡλεģҶǳ˲ٿͷ
ҶҲףѺûҪŶӵ˶ţҲף¿ŶһЩ˷ֿ𳵣ᱻ˵õʲôɡ
ɴһҲõʲôϢй¶
һ·ϣҶͬ־һ𣬲ǿųβϺ󵹵ķ羰ǱϢ
;ͣ¼ϢԶûûҹĿš
ʱĹȺĸ·Ŀ죬죬ŵԪʡǡ
Ҳֻʡ΢ͣһ£ͱƽȥˡ
Ҷ״Щ֣Щѵʡ
ôӴջ񣬾㲻ǿŶӵԱֻǷһʡǸʡҲմ˴ġ
ӢŲ裬Ź죬½ȻҶһǰһЦӯӯĺ˴к½ȻҶͬ־Ȳ衣
Ҷ治һɨɫͻȻ˭Ұˣ
İ˵һԶĶϣˣıë̺˸ϥϣ˲ٵĹм
½ȻҲˣһ¾ͺˡ
ͬ־ᣬôҶҶͬ־Ķ̫ˡ
£ҶѾ첽ǰΪҶҪѱë̺ӢƳʱҶȴ˫Ĳˮ볯Ӣȥ
˵Ȼ֪ⶫҶģ⿴һ£֪Ҷ￴ôÿĶᰴ಻סԴˡ
þҶ治ҲôϾ½ȻĹϵɲһ㣬ɮ濴档û뵽Ҷ澹Ȼ˵ˡ

ʲô
漴Ĵžž
Ҷɿ˲ˮˣ˻񣬱ٵĸһһǶ⡣
һз̫ˣ½Ȼվű߲Զֹ
ҶŤͷʱƳ½Ȼһۣ½Ȼ֪ҪһЩίģû뵽㾹Ȼô۸ң


607 

뿪ûнɳĮʱãǵʱҶ濴ϤƽǣȴĪеİС
һҹǵģֱӿƽͼݡ
úڵϹͼݣ˿̿յ谵ĵƹ⣬ͬ·һ
ҲͼݴǰĹ㳡λôҪȻͣô೵
һͣĴ̻
Ҷڿʱ֪ˣɨιݳҲڣûеġ
ȿЩȺһЩϤĺ½Ȼкʱǽйֵˡ
ҲǣôӴСĲС
Ҳǰ֪ͨ߾䱸Աȴˡ
ô죬Ҳ֪Щ˶á
Žںͽִλͷ˺ιݳԼйߴӵһ򵥵ĽӣȻͿʼᣬʼж
Сģԣ㡣
ˡ
㣬Ҫ
㣬·ɱˤˡ
û˻ˤˣ˭֪ˤˡ
һжССĵĽС
Ҷ濴һĻզ࣬ĩʱתʱɥʬϮر
ȻǸ̶ǿҵĴӦʱ˵ѵӦ취
оһ߽ԼϣҶüͷһĨɫ͵תͷȥðߵץס
Ҷ濴˾ȻҲŲæģҶ¶һΪ˧ЦݣЦ·ĴûжҶ
ҶֻĿˣȻƿĿ⡣
˭ֻҪ⣬úƽϡ
Ҷ澹ȻΪһ㶣ԼϵʿһԼ°ͣĵŮ˹
ᶼæ˭Ҳûע⵽һĻ
Сʱ豸Ѿֿ⡣
˵ѾɢˣȻɢ֮ǰҲ˱Ҫģ˭ѽй¶ȥ
ʵ˵Ҳ֪ʲô֪ģҪ豸ģ֪Ĳʣ֪Ҳ˵
ԣҪܣɻԺģҲֻ
ôĳ˵Ҷˣ³Ǿǰҡҡλεģ·ҪСģܾǰ·תơ
ѾۻˣʱҲߡ
Ҷ濴һʱ䣬ᶼʮˣС١С׶˯ˡ
Ŵȥſͼݲ֪ʳôʦڵڽӣѾ׼ˡ
ŴǽҿζƮ˳
ʦһһˣæ˳ȻְһĴ򿪡
ҲҪǴũģصοʹҵģҲۻˣԵ㶫㻹еæء
ιݳҲֶ֪˵ѺˣҲǴ˵˴ģͶˡ
ϾȻʱ䣬˭Ҳȷʱõģһأһʲô飬·ϵأ
ԷʱĲɵģͳ˼ڣˡ
òŪĲˣһӾ̲סĽлˡ
ûзϻ̫࣬˵˼䣬æкҳҹ
Ҷһ·ȻʹҳԺһлᣬԵõҲףҲǶˣԺһóУЩӣ˼˿ĸɾĴ룬һ¡
ģƽǿɱҪĶˣϷ˲ȻȺ֥Լӣ˵ĶˣƣۣһӾ;ú˲١
û˵Ҷͷԣϡﻩ˷˭û˵ü¶ǣҪסֽҲů
Ҷ˼ӣֳ꣬Ҳͱˡ
ﻹеӺõľͲ࣬ʣµҲ͸Ϸ
Աͬ־һȰҶһ㣬ҶЦЦܾˡͬ־Ҳ֪ҶθڲҲûᡣ
ڳԷ˭Ҳᶢ˿Ҷоϵʱתͷ֪˭ˡ
Ҳ󣬲֪ôӻڡҶ氵﷭˸ۡ
Ҷûˣ˾ʹǺɶʢѰš
ûҶ濴óӦòﲻ֪ʲôء
ҪǸī֪ҪųԴˡҶգƺѾīüˬģˣʧЦ΢΢䡣
أ
Ҷʶ칫ҵķȥ
ͼе绰ģҶ룬㣬ҸīҲ㣬ȥʾֹҸ绰ķ㡣
Ҷ治֪΢Ц꿴Ȥ꣬еζ˼֡


608 Ƿʰ

һ·Ҷ;īȥ˵绰Ȼ绰ת˺üֲתīģҶܵѰҸīĲס
Ҫ绰ļʱīڶҪȥˡ
ҶѾӳ룬īȷģЩģҶһ·ϣֻҪԴĵطԴ绰ģīȥ绰ԣҲĲ١
ûҶҸط绰ģŽڲ֪˭ƽģӵ˺񿴲ҶľٶһҲûֹ
ҶƣӦҲ֪ʲôģӦ֪ҵ˭ʲô⡣
ҪȻ·ɫҴҵӴʲô绰
¶ҹůҲĥ䣬˵ôˣ˭ûôľ
Ա㣬ҿʼǰҡ
ҶҲǸʱˣ֪̿϶ٲ˵ġ
ȴҶۼһᣬһ˵Ҳָ
֣ʺ͸мһϵſʼ¿ᡣ
ҶĶ꣬оĴҶޱĿȥ
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ҶܸоιݳЭ˶мֿҵ߶ʱʱĴϵֱ
һȺϺ꣬ᡣ
һݹͣմһ㣬кôģ⹦ʹ󲻹Ŷӵ˾ˡ
ҶȻǿŶӵԱĹǰ豸İװУԣоһЩϵļغ͵ǼǣҪﶼڣֲֻܽҪͺˡ
ҪǸлŶӵ˽ףںݣ첻С
ϾҶ۵Ĳᣬ쵼ܽ᲻̫СʱҲͽˡ
Ҷ£ҶοŵǺ棬֪ܲϸĺҽһ
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Цˣһûҽܰɣ֣صĺһ£ճ£гºڡ
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½Ȼ˻ҶȥȻȥģϾҹģҲһ˻ȥ֪Ҷᱻ¡
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ιݳ֨ģϾóҶܴǱˣȻﲻˬɻǵÿڡ
ϹȻԣѾˣҶ²ûиҪݣ¸Ҫ˽Ҫˣ˵ûпʼоء
ͬ־Ҳæڣ԰ĿڶŽӴ˽ʲôֻ֪Ŷѡ
ѹңҶ̲ס˸ۡ
ºͬ־Ŷԣǳ¸¡
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쵼û쵼
˵ˣƽǣͲٱŪȥƤ飬˭º񲻻⣬ҪӦ£ǲŽɵء
㲻ʲôҲߵġ
ܾˣߵĲŻⲻǣϾƽͼݵˡ
Ҷɨһ۳ºֿ˿һָۣ˵ģղŻϣǿŶѾսˣ¸ҪûǾǹ棬㻹ȲҪдʲôˣдְɡ
Ǹ£ҲǸ£Ҳǹ˭㰡


609 

ҶϷʵĻԣҪװҲѡ
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ƤͦģʱˣȻϷҲգܿЦЦĲܵˣУҲ̫ˣһкóһʱأҶʱҡ
Ҷǳ˳飬ƤǺ񰡣Ȼ
ˣԽǴԽ
Ҷֻǿ˿һϲаЦݣǻЦݵĳºҲû֨תͷιݳ
ιݳǿŶӵԱһ·ͦģȻ˵ΪҵףҪη࣬ϾǸɵģΪǸһ־ܹķҵϢ죬ָһ¾𣿡
ĶԱҪҪϢҶ治ܣƽͼݵģݼٵιݳ׼ҲֱӸ߳º˵ʲôʲôҶô
ιݳû˵أŽھͿˣιݳ˵ʱ仹Ҷµģ㶼֪ʱҶ¿ۻˡ
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ôֲû˹жˣЩŮͬ־һʼ֣ɺ֪Ҳ׿Լˣ
Ҷ滹ЩŽںͬ־ô飬ֻΪദôãϵõԵʡ
Ҷ治֪˹ϵһ£˵Žںιݳ˽Ƕǰͬѧͬ־ΪŽڵѧҲ֪һġ
ǰҶ棬ҲڸιݳɲҪվλˡ
Ͼô˵ҪιݳЭˣҶϳºĹԳºƤģڼҪֳʲôȥǻɾͲˡ
ˣιݳͿº˳ˣǲӲǱӣ۾۾ģǿ׳ģιݳһºûˡ
οɵҲҶ治ǣ˵Ҷ˫׵ݣ͵@@ŵĸīҲǺġ
һ꣬Ҷµȷۻˡιݳº͵˵úϢء
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֮⣬湤ֲǲˣί
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˵꣬Ҷ滹Ƴ˳ºһۣ֮⣬쵼ôҲ֪쵼ҿɲΪΪҵġ
ҶָºĴɫʱЩ
Ҷɲֺ˴к뿪
Ҷ뿪ıӰºһĨŭܿˡ
Ҷ濴վȵ½Ȼһ£˵ҪԼһ£Ҳûоܾ
뿪ͼݣҶſڣ½ȻβμӿŶӣʲô𣿡
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ʲôҪҰæ𣿡Ҷʵ
½Ȼ˼һ£ҡͷãҲʲôֵ飬ǹһõġ
û뵽ҶµеĿģתһ룬ôˣΪϹ۲һҲ֡
Ҷ״ͷҲ˵ˡ
棬ҡ½Ȼ죺Ҳǹġ
һʼƻĺúõģɵ󣬼ƻǳ⣬ˡ
Ҷ̾һһģôˣö˶˵ģôô˵
ʵҶ֪ôһ£ڻ·ϣ;Ҷ汻˸ٹһˣǵطɲɵ½ȻϢĵطҲ½Ȼ״ĺҶ˵ļʲôɽ䣬ҶҪȥ
Ȼ;ֻϢһСʱҶҪȥҲͻϢһᣬ˵ֻôһΣҲ
˵һ޲;ͣϢʱ䳤һ㣬ÿŪ㽪һȣůů塣
Ҷڼб˸ˣо½ȻҲҶ浱ն˰˸ˡ
ҶֲĲ׽һЩΣգܿô½ȻҶܰ·͵ýҽԺˡ
Ҷ治ûŭɺ룬͵ǰ½Ȼһѣرݵˡ


610 ůĵСһ

Ҷãѯʣ½Ȼ춯˶ֻҡͷûûʲôҾǾãΪѣûһЩ顣
͵͵ֹЩ飬棬ȻǲѵģɵҲ㡣Ҷ֪һ̹ܲȻ˵Լˡ
Ҷ治ЦЦ˵ղǸĳºûϵֲʲôҵǷ˵ĲӬͺˡ
½ȻգЦЦֻЦһĿɬ
Ϊһ뿪ң֪ºʱѾǵڶˡ
͸ī˵һģ룬ҶӦͦõģ˵ԱҲʲô£Ҳû˵
һ·һûһ˵ţܶʱֻûİ
ڷֲ·ڵʱҶû½Ȼͣ½Ȼ˵ֻͬ⡣
ǣҶ滹֪½Ȼ͵͵ĸں棬ֱңţ뿪ġ
ʱѾˡ
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Ҷվſأ洫
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ҡ
ǽ𣿡
漴ҶͷҵĽŲǲزסĻϲĺ
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С١ϲģҶһûһԴôˣôû˯
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С١ҶôãֱԴĺٺһЦͷԹԻش𣺡˯ˣðҹϴּ䣬ȻнŲ֪ġ
㣬վ˺ܾôţС١Щգ˯̫ˡ
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ҶСӵܺãЦûУҲŻŲûվأͱ㷢ˡ
С١ҪҶģҶûãæְϣһ˷ܵĸҶߡ
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Ҷ㣬ҸԵİɣ
һһģŪҶشϻ
˺ˣˣҸղڵλԹҹˣڲǸϽ˯ȥʲô飬˵
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СѾֽȥ¯ӣҶȥˡ
Ҷһ䣺Сףʱ䣬ûʲôɣ
С׷¯ӵĶ΢һ£Ҷû̫ҡͷûʲô飬ͦõġ
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ûС׺С١ʰ̫࣬ҶԼ˴ɾı죬ȥĿˮ
ڣҲϰ˹һˮú̿ùˮЩ¶ȣõİҹûˮá
Ҷϴ˸ˮ裬طʱС١˵ĺСֹ΢΢һЦȴҲûдߴ٣ղô˷ܣ϶һʱ˯ŵġ
ıҶ泤һı۾׼˯
Ҷ۾ʱѾˡ
˯ĲССĵ˰崲ǳţҶԼĴϣһĲ𴲡
ԼֵϴҪȼĴ
Ҷ֪϶ûС١С׶ֽš
ڴϹȦ̵
˯£Ҷ洩һǳɫ޵·ͷų˷
С١Ժһ¯ӿأŲ̧ͷȥҶ˲õЦݣ㣬
ڳæСҲӳ
Ҷ㣬ˮϴҸ緹һȡ
ҶͷһС١ԴϴּȥߵһʱЩ֣Сף첻ϰ𣿡
ҹʱС˵˽Ҫϰţɻʮ㣬˵ӦڼҲǡ


611 ĵСް

СЩ˼ЦЦ̧ԴģŲӣַ̧£ȥˣҶŻһҲû¡
ҶҹŻɫô谵ĹﶼԵôãһۻˣС׾õܹܵҲŪʲôԵģ٣õĲһĺá
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Ҷϴʱһ£ûˣ˳ִӿռóֻҵǽϵľ
ǵСģȻ򵥣ȴҲʵá
ҶϰǼһһģС١С׾òһҲԣҶɲǣͷóҪԼһһġ
ʱˣСҲС١Ҳ͸ϰˡ
磬˯ôãϿá
СװȺõ緹ڷϣһͷ
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Сü仮һĨǣҶô۳֮ǰһˣ£ֻصԭˡ
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Сһ߷ţһߵڡ
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С١գͷСƵ˵ܲĳԽ
СС١Դһ£飬˰ɡ
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Ҷ̾ŪЩ鷳ĶġСһҪ۶С
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ôֻ࣬Ǹһܼ飬ëǼϸµĻ۾ã͵סҲۡ
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ҶҲôˣҲû˵ȰѳˣٳһҲͱˡ
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613 

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614 ³

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615 ʵ

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616 ˣ

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ã˼˼ǶԵģûждʲôҪȻ׼Ҫ֡


617 

Сõǲٷˡ
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Ҷ˹ģԷ˹˹ĵģСһֹһ͵͵ҶĶѧϸʣСں
ҶҪ֪Сõ˼һúЦЩû̻ʵʱϰĩʱԷþͱʱҲھʵġ
㣬Ե㼦С١˵ţץ𹫿꣬Ҷһӵг
ͱ˼ҵгһ㼦ܶвͬСгУ߷ּ
ҶЦЦҳԵĲ࣬ǿ԰ɡ
Ҳ԰һ㣬ÿҶ汾Сüв˵ģûӣʾС١
СæлллҶ㣬ллС١
ÿˣ︨С١ˡô죬ԼҶǲŵġ
СЩ˼æ֣ҶˣҲûʲô˵ллġ
ڣҶҲû̫º͵䣬żȰһºСöвˣһٷܿҲ͹ȥˡ
󣬺СüҪæϴˢܾóôõһٷɵﲻڡ
ֹˣСֻСҲˡ
ҶǷȲߺ̲ȥģΣķƷ轺ţ̣֪С׺С١ģҲûܾ
СðСװѳʰãҶʱҶݸһСĶ
ǣСûнӹֻǲ⡣
С١֪ô£Це˹ȥС˵Сý㣬Űɣƻһɣҽøġ
ãáСһæĶС١ıΪҡͷҡڡ
˷ˣﻹܴƻͱɶϡĶûƱ򲻵˵ˣҲҪǮء
Ҷ΢ЦŰɣʱҲˡ
࣬ġСãС׸ǼңǼҺüأҪ⼸ףɩӶĺָôء
Ŷ°ҶЩȣǲ֪
СһҶ飬޴ĿСףֿ˿Ҷ棬죬Ҫͣȴһʱ᲻֪Ҫô͵ĺá
ˣ˵˲˵ˣǴײ˵Ҳ֪϶ҶŪġ
׸ɾĴףһģûʲôף˵ǾصȵĴף׼ġ
ֺͶ˵ˣǳĳûԹء
С׸֪ʡȥģҶ֮ǰҲ֪Լ˵ˣҶﲻС׸ô죿
СòҶСһСֵ飬Ǵ׶ѵð˵ǵͬɩӺֶӵء
ͷʳͲŪôϡٵʳ˵ˣ˺СԼҪ֪ԼŪĴױ͵͵ˣҲҪġ
һ뵽С׸ᰤСżۿһӾͺˡ
ңңҶ㣬ҡȴ֪Ҫô˵źãǴѾһЩˣҪɩӺֶӵѽء


618 ԶԲ

ô죬ô죿
СüĿˡ
Ҷ濴ŸˣôˣҲû˵ʲôѽôСҪˡ
ָˣǻǺСС١˵һעһ£Ҫˡ
С׺С١˽ҶģҲ֪С׻ǽˡ
Ҷ㣬֮ǰҺС١ڴԺסʱ򣬺δһҰǲæǰ˵˺δϱϲأҲԲ£˼׹ȥ
⻹ǴС١ĿʡģҶ˲ٵСҲ󷽣û˷ѵ뷨ýʡǼʡ
Сţæĵͷ
ҶϻһĨ̾ʱ̫ˣԵ׷ôѡ
ܾûпڣС١һỽһ㣿
Ҷ񣺡Ŷ֪ˡ˾͸ˣû£ЩҲϰɣӰġ
⡭СüҶû԰һЩԥŲá
Сý㣬ŰɡС١æС˵ҽ˵ˣͲùˡ
Сһסˣ޴룬ңʲô
Сӷģܵʲô඼ϣҶ濴ãȻЦЦҲųС١͵죬ԣЪɣҲϢϢ
С١ţԱЦղǺͽ˵ҪģܿʹӦˡ
һ̲ãҲСһ
ǣҹٹС˵ţù˴ӣ֣صлҶ㣬лл㡣
ÿҶЦӭû³氡
СЩ˼ǵ˵ͷ
СͺСûȥʱ򣬳žͰŵĴӵݸ
С׸磬ʲô
ס
⡭СһͼˣôأɲС׸͵͵õİɣҶ֪˻᲻˵ġ
С׿ɲСߴߴģĻҶ˼֪δϱϲóԶղٸü
Ҷ˵ˣԲһûϵǰҲûչҺС١˵ʱҲͦȥģ͵лˡ
ʵҶʲôû˵ֻʾС׸Сü׶ѣ⻰СԼ˵ģΪľúμҼҶĶ
ЦҲôŪģҶ㲻ǮأܺͶˮһûˮء
ˣҼ￴ģɵڶ˵һ֡Сײ᲻ѣ˭֪˵档
֪С׸磬ģʲô˵ġС֤
ֲɵŷӴС׸סǲ˵
ǳŵʱСոţ·˦ġ
ҪǱС֪С׸סָҪˡ
Ҫ֪С׸ڳԺʲôģҪŵˣҶľģ϶費ҪĶ֡
Сñ״ӣСǰͷߵıӰŤͷһķůůġ
С׸磬Ҷá
ǵȻˡ
С׸硭һ·ϣСöһ˵Сֻżؼѡ
ҺС١Ҷ㵱׽һԴҪʲô˻ʲôǵҶ㲻ˣһġ
С;˵״вĻںСȴǺѣˣֻС׵ĵͷ˵ԼҲϲҶ棬һҶ治˵ġ
ôɵӣСǳ˳飬Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
ܿ죬СװѺСͻشԺҲûкͺμ棬ԶԶСýݣԼתˡ
СôƻһЩɲ˵Ȼа˽ףμһ󾪺͸мֱѻˡ
֪ҶҶСõģִӺСС˵Ƿμ˶Ҷָмָл
Ҫ֪С˵Ҷճ̫ҪϢδﶼСϱȥлˡ
ѵõģСòûΪɺƻҶľİõռ£һδȻ˵Ҫɩӳԡ
ŹɵСӣСϱůģһֱﰵҪԺμ¸ãԺ󲻹СӶ鶼ҪţҪСһźԣίˡ
ںμ鸴ֿĵʱС׶쵽ˡ
ʵСõĲף֮ǰĳףȻ˵ǳףҲֻҶóĴ˵ѡ
ҲǶõĴףſŷɾԲŶһζ
ҶҪ֪СһžͰ״СñһĺС١²۵ġ
˺СûǸССԼôϼʮҲû⡣
СչŮͬ־뷨ˣȻǺСԼˣСΨһ֪ҪҪչ˵ģҲҶˡ


619 ʲô

ҲҶҪʲôʥĸϹģ׶˵治ʲôμҸӡͦõģ˳ְһѣҲ᲻Ը⡣
ҶڼϢ죬ϰǰ˻ȥٻʱһһ
С׾٣ϰ࣬С١һڡ
ҶһһͶ
С١ԹһԽţݫ񡢳ǡӡײˣ⡢ȡͷӻâȻʮŴס
âСȴĴâһС١˿Щɡ
㡣â˵е𣿡
С١ϲˮʲôܹϣâϡɽҶһֱԼûидţ籨˵ģⲻȥ
һ£ó˼С׺С١ԵĴâˡ
ҲԵĿһҲͺˡ
֪С١ɻ󣬵ֻҪ˵ĹȥС١С׶̫ɵġ
֪xﰡѩʱǱҲͶʮңһףԣҲǶûâģֻٶѡ
ҶһҲûкС١θУȷʵâţ˵ڵˣǵһ˵ˮԣֻҪ͵ǮʲôĶ͵
С١һȻĵͷ
ࡣС١Щ۵Ŀڣ㣬ʵصŪЩâġ
֪ЩǷ˽㲻ٵǮģΪ͸簮ԡ
ЩǮʲôã׶ü˰ɣ
ɽ㳣˵һʱǺܶݵģóԾͳԸúȾͺȣҪ̫ίԼ
Ž˵ĻС١ûϲֻۣίŻ뷨
˵ˣǰһĺܲס
ǰ𿴽ʱЦС١ûпܶʱ򣬽ԼŷþúþöûлعҲ֪ʲô
ң˵ί
С١룬͸Դ㣬ûίˣ˵ǰܵĿΪ㣬С١ֵĲֵˡ
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ҶЩסడ
С١ۣЩж
ͼâ֮ǰ˵˵ģֻû뵽ڲ
ҶЦЦǮˣȻܲˡֻܳԣҪ̫ࡣ
Ҷ赭д˵⣬С١֪ܲ׵ģʦһµģ缸꣬ΰͰ⽻ʱâָ˹˽׼ȻЩû˵Ҳ֪ôԡ
иˣλûȥһҲû˵ûм֪Ǻö
һ㿴ңҿ㣬ˣһĳˡ
붼֪ʲôʲô⽻ϵ͵âͨˮֵн۰Թξͺˣһֱ˷ѽǮôĶء
С١ֵҶ֮ǰ˵âˣû
һʼ֪ôԵģҶ̵ְֽġ
˿ɲ̫̰ˣҪȻġ
Ҳ̫ˡ
С١ͷ˵ţ˶㹤ʸߣЩ֪㹤Σհ
ЩүǶʲôɳĮϰ꣬ҲܵɽĹԣĹСɲֵ䣬Ҳ֪һЩ˼ġ
͸磬㲻Ҫôġ
Ҳడ
С١ҡͷԿȲ裬Ȼ°ġ
ҶЩЩЦֻúСӣҪô࣬ЩģúѧϰԺ󰡣׬Ǯңòã
С١ͷ㣬ԺһסϴӵģܴܴķӣýԳԺܶܶĺóԵģһֱƯ·Ҫϰ࡭
ǣһǲ̫ˣ㣬ٳһ㣬̫ˡ
Ҷ濴СһůС١Դ⺢Ӿôµ˲ܲۡ
ᣬҲۡҶסС١˵ҰֻҪС١ҵͻܺãҲͺиɾˡ
С١Ҷ⻰ĿĲѣСϲپ;ı飬Ц۾ˡ
С١ϰˣһڼû°ɣҪȻСʦ㣿
ҿһ˰㣬ˣ֮ǰҾһ˵𡣡
Сý͵͵ǱץüأС١֪СĽôõĽ㣬ҲֻĽŶûС
Ǵ磬Ҳܺġ
ʱڿḵī֪ЩֻͻȻͷЩþ˵ô£ﻳɣѵĸ۵Ҫ棿
ī½Ȼ뵽ϣ뵽ģΨ֪ԼǾԺûĵܵܡ


620 Ϭ

С١Ը⣬ҶҲǿСײڣС١ԼҲƻ
С°˷âȻһ£ȴҲûʡ
ϣ˴һֹģҶϴС׾ͽһŷ
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ûʲôǽøҶ㡣СףҶţ̤ʵ
Ҷ棺ǹܼҵ
ɶС׾ǿҶֻ¡
û취С˵ˣҪҶ治ã飬Բ˯ãʲôϰ񣬻¹ʲôġ
˵ˣҶ滹ôǮʱҪȥġ
ҲҶռﶫܶ࣬ûʲô̫뷨ҪȻܼңǮﲻҪûˡ
Ҷ㣬㲻ڵʱ䣬öȣҶһʱʵļ¼ˡ
С׾ŵıӣҶգЩЦǵ㻨¼ʲô
沢ûвãҶЦſ䣬ڶ죬ǮʲôӦģľˡ
ҶϢϰġ
ιݳʾҶҪǿϢģҶ룬Ǿܾˡ
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һϰͿºԳºҶ浭ƿĿ⣬к
ȳº뿪ŶҶѵҶ£ѧϰμоĳ¸£ġɵһЩԶһ㡣
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죬ôݳº񣬿ɼʲôӡ
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ˣåûʲô𡣡
飬ҲԼ˼䣬Ҷһ˵ͷɲǣҶ£Һ˵û֮ǰأҲС
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磺˵һԸһԸҪǵͬ־ҪǣŮͬ־ݽȥǡ̸ʱ˵ʲôĶУʲôʯʲôҪҪѽһת۰ͺͷƨһ϶ϡ
˵˵ţҶжţҲûһ飬ɵЩǵĿ˿
Ҷо뷨ЦӦȻ̽ʵƳҶ绰ǰ칫ҵĵ绰һ𣿡
ұ°ȥʾִģЩʱѵȥˡ
᲻æߵ򰡣ʲôϰ࣬˵һҲǺõġ
Ҷ治˼ЦЦץ˵绰
ҶҪתӵ绰ʱ뿪˰칫ңһߣҶְתеĵ绰ˡ
緹ҶǰдŲأ⹤΢ҲֻдддģǾҲʲô顣
ʱϵĵ绰
ιŶãããһ¡
Ҷ£ġһץŻͲһ߸Ҷ溰һЦ
˾ᣬҶ²Ŵ绰ģʹ绰ˡ
Ҷ治⣺˭
ȥӹ绰Ҷ绰ﴫϾԾǳЦ
īôҴ绰ˣ᲻æֿ̧һֱһˡ
㲻Ϭڸ绰ʹ绰ˡ
绰ͷīͳЦݴ˹
ϢӦҲ࣬绰ʡ
ҲҪϢһᰡͦæģۻˡҶ˵ţЩڵĿ˿磬űֽ档
ȻǲĿֽͲ˵ˡ
˵棬ҶЩ͸ī˵Ҳ֪ô˵Ҫҵ绰ī϶ʧģοҲ˵仰
Ҷ΢Ŭȥڡ


621 

īǱô䲻䣿˵㶫ǵհ
ī֯ëһĵģµ֯Ǳ߶ˣǴӿռë£һ޿͸īĹȥˡ
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ҶֲǵʷѣҪ뿪ʱīﻹҪƽĹȥ
áīĵЦҶŶ䶼Щ
棬Ƕ뵽һȥˡҲĶˡ
һЩƱȯȥ˾õģһЩطģûط㻻ȫͨõģյԼȥ㿴ŸԼ˫ЬƱҲϣԼԵõģҪ̫ӡ
Ҷ溬ЦţáҲô˵С١СףأҪȻôܰԼ
ȥڣϴ¡ī˵ļȻһҲûò˼

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ʱĵ绰ͲЩ©īһˣҲˣҶ治˼ĺɵЦЦָָſڵķʾԼ³ȥҶֻܷĽ绰
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뿪칫ңЦҡͷһ̾ð
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Ҷ棺¸£ǸﲻæһæԱ㡣
Ҳ˵ǳ¸¾æɣҺҶ»ļҪء
ºҶ˲ӲĶӣּҲô˵ﻹȥЦЦͷҲ˵ʲôˡ
ڳº뿪ֵʵô칫ˣ֮ⲻھơ
Ҷڣʵ»ºģǿɵһЩ顣
Ҷ̯̯֣ε֪Ҳˣ֪ϾͲż֣ҺܷҪң
⻰̲סЦҿ
ҿϰװ׾ģƯƯģ˵ˣһСڵ㶼ûУѹŲסء
Ҷ治ˡ
ĺ÷˰ͲӬһ
ҡͷɲô˵ҪǲӬóʲôˡ
ҶΣƳ
ЦЦ˵۷һǡ
ɲɻ
ˣ绰ˣ
Ҷҡͷ¶һĨаǰŲߣžˣҴҴҹ˵绰û˵䡣
СŮҵıԹЦˡ
ˣȤҪٳȥתһȦٴ绰


622 ǲµ

Ҷ治˼ҡͷҪˡ
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뿪󣬾˸طī˵绰
īҪҽֲѣϾ֪߼Ŀ
ι
ֲ⸵īڵ绰ͷš
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ī䣬ȴִú˵
ֲɷ˸ۣûԼôƺҶ棬ī࿪ء
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ˣ·Ҷ°칫ҵʱ򣬻ԼŷǿƳڱԹͬ־ͲӬһء
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ҶЦǣֻôҪЩţҵö۰һˡ˲£һԼܲ»𡣡
ţһ£ͷҲǣҪҲ̫ˡ
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ų˳ԣҲ˵Щ˵ĻǺҶֹ
Ұ˹ȥ£ƻȥһũ˵ˣǵλļǹͬһǮŪһֻ򣬷ʮʱӡҵʱȥϣʱҲܰӡ
Ҳǵһθˡ
ҪǱˣ϶ᶼһģ޲ʵʵģɶҶ棬ûʲôĵģ֪Ҷ治ͷ˵ġ
Ҷһ۾𣺡ѽİǿ̫ˡɲƳһֻҲû٣ͱˣܲ鷳㰮˰æŪһֻá


623 ı

ҪһֻЩȣһҶ˵ãҲûʣ˼һ£ͷʾȥͺͰ˵һ
ŪһֻҲŪŪֻҲŪⲻ
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С١ǰ˺ûк£ֻǿ˿ȻֵͷʼרĵĿֻ飬ͦ˼ģ˵濴ã˵Ĳá
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ºͲҪĿʲô飬ϣҶֵģʱʱĿֱǺܿע⵽Ҷͷ


624 Ҫ

ɨһԻ濴С١ºԺһܿϵЩͣºı
дĲǰһãװûзҶ濿ºùС١ıʣдıϣдһ֡
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㡣ҡС١æ̧ͷҶ治ı󣬱ԹԵͷãġ


625 Դϲ

Ҫǽʲô飬һҪҲСС١ЩĵĶ
㣬ܱġƺԼ̫Сˣ˵С١æ㣬һи磬ǻһ𱣻ġ
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šС١ͷİοҶ棺ģڼԹԵġ
תĩ
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Ҷ棬˽Ĳֻ࣬ǴӰһЩΪ˺ãƲ£ԼϱϵִĲŪһֻҲûܾҶũˣŪһֻҲŪŪֻҲŪ
ʲôÿģҲ˳ֵ顣һ˵ţһߺܿǮڴȻͳһɢǮëǮݸҶ档
ëһɱǰĽ82һٰʮĿëǮëǮ
ҶҲûпˬͽ˹
ҪҪνǮʱҲ٣ûҪ̫󷽣Ժ󲻺ദ
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һܾʲôҼҲУżԡ
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ǶŪģƳɲҪҿҪȻҸò˼ˡҶɲľܾ
ҲһЩнһ߲˻һСףûбģƳҲҪҿɣԺɲҺȲԵˡ
⣬㰡Ҷ˵ϣҲ˽Ƣԣ״ЦЦУҾͲˡ
Ҷͳţ󣬼Զˣתؼҡ
С١ǰҶ̧ͷȥ⣺ôôء


626 һ±Ƶ

һֻܳԺþء
ղС١Ҳû˶ǮЩһ͸̫ˣҪȻõһֻء
ѽ깩ӦƲ̫࣬лᣬȻܶŪһͶŪһˡ
Ҷһ˵ţһǰС١ſ˿⣬һָͷ˴һ£ൽһ
С١ƨƨߵĸҶ棬⣬ˮˮҶϴ֡
ȻҶϴֵʱȥѷڹŵ緹˳Ҷԡ
ҿһ£ƳģʲôĶڣȣС١ϲ𣿡
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ֻû뵽СȻС׵ģôԣûдӱʳġ


627 626 ߱׼Ҫ

Сͬ־㶼ûкദô֪ء
ˣС׷˸ۣСǲ˵ʲôһҪ
ͶԴСղͬСֱӺĻһһС١Դһ߿ĵĺҶкҶ㣬ôˡ
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628 þò

û뵽˵ûãˡ
һֱû취ȥлĺδ˻ˡ
ҼС˵һֱŵлģûᡣʵǣμûʲôõĳֵģδҲ˼š
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Ȼ˴ףûҪμҼʲô飬ֻ˳Ϊ֮ѣҪ˵͵һˡ
δҲ֪ķӦæһԼ죺죬Ķ˰ˣ㻵¡ȷ˵
С׿ĳҶ治Ӧĺѣںδ˵˼󣬿ڣδʱҲˣǸϽȥɡ
ҲеԶҲûȥˡ
ǣУ·㡣δæͷʵҪҪСһˣ·ء
С١ԣЦδһ飬ҺҸҲĺܡ
ңҶϺͿˡδЩ˼
˵˼䣬ŷֿ
ҶԶˣʱսǵĺδֹһ䣬̫ССûʵ
裬˵ʲôأ
ûУ˵ҶԽÿˣɫû֮ǰã̫ˡ
Сã룬ͷţҲγ̫ۣûл
Ů͵úúѧϰĻ㿴Ҷ¶ԵúãĺãҲȱǮ
֪裬˵ˣһŬġ
áδЩĵʵˣ֮ǰȥС١ϰôҶû˵ʲôҪ棬̴ˡ
ûУ裬أ̴ġС˵ţе졣
ĸŮһ·ֹԺߣŵʱϺҴȴûҵҶ˵СգСֻǿ˿ˣҲкֱԽǣȥ
ĸţҳСסȻһСС׽ǰһӡġ
Сտɲ֮ǰЩ߱׼ģС׾ǸĹˣֲʲôڻʲô٣ôҡ
ҪôңС׼Ҫ
ֻǣôСˣǸˣδͺСãСһ뵽СôһСò˳ۣȻҲͲܺͺδкˡ
ҶǱߡ
ȥ·ϣҶżС١˵仰ȫС׶ں棬ģûг
صС׿һֻΪѾӲ˵򣬾ȵĳ졣
磬˵ȵˣϽŪɡС١ɲ䰡ղ־һֱģúȵůһЩ
ŶŶŶá
С׻ˮϴ֣·ͽæˡ
С١ѾµķúͱĵúȥȻóůˮƿҶһˮ
Ҷ治ʱˣԺûô󣬶Ⱥˮǲϲ
С١ȰţҶֻú˼ڣȻæС١ݵ㽪裬Ŷ˺ˮ
СһڳæһﾪȣһֻأҶôô࣬ǴũŪİɣҲͦϹ˵顣
ˣûڹʱٽӣԶ档
ٲеⲻǣƱô㣬ﹻⲻ߰˰˵ĴˣҪйϵũŪҷһ֡
С׶ȹϢʱȥ¿û뵽Ϳôһֻʰ
ܵܵıһҲ֣ʱҲڿ
ɱˣʲôڣʡĲ١
СֽһڳæܿģҲˡ
ŪĶһС֥飬һҧȥִ࣬ٺһ嵽ﶼůˡ
ԷأСʱʱ͵͵ƺлҪ˵Ҷ治ɿڣôˣҪ˵
ûʲôС׵ͷҡͷҶ㣬ʲô
Уڳ㿴ŪͺˡҶΪСǾҲû롣
֪Сʵϰ·ˣҶ˵ԥһ£Ǿ˵ĺá
СôҲ벻Ȼû˵Ҷ滹Ǻ͹ˡ
Ҷϰ·ܵģһ£Ȼ΢ЦĴкҽþò
ܿҶ棬ϲܿȥ
Цͷţþòʲôʱģ
ȥ֪ģȻҲ֪Ҷʲôʱġ
ΪôѾ׼ˣټԼôҵģֻ֪һۣǲʹˡ


629 ֳԴ

ˣɫã
ǹܿҶ󣬵óĽۡ
һˡ
ܣɫЩã岻𣿡
ҶԣԼҡһͷãѾúܶˡ
˶ܿɫЩԾҽҶҲ֪ġ
īĵ˵˻չ˺ﻹ࣬չˣ˵꣬Щˡ
ҶԾȵĿŹܣû˵Լȥô֪ģ
ȵĿ⣬ȴ֪Ҫô͵ĺãֻĵǸ
ң棬ûд˼ǡʵڱǸ
Ҷû˵ȻһĬ
ʱˣȥϰˡ
һᣬҶų˳Ĭľ档
ܵͷ
Ҷ˼룬Ųһ٣ͷ
ܡ
ܲûߣվԭؿҶ棬ͣ£ʶ
ܣڴҵˡⲻ˴īԸīݵУǻġ
⻰һףҪͣ䶯˼£ȴʲô˵ֻõͷ
棬ĺܺõģ𣿸īһһչ˺ģ𣿡
̾ϢĻʱҶѾ·߳ȥʮף⻰ͺһ㣬Ϊ֮һ
Ҷ沢ûлͷҪģҲû취Ӧ
縵īҶ绰Ըоԡ
棬ôˣ㲻𣿡
ûСҶӦš
īһˣ˵ûУԾ㲻Ծ
ˣǶʮţǲʲôˣ
ʲôʲôˣҶһûףȵ绰ͷīȺˮҪůҪˮŷӦ
ûк͸ī˵ηԾͰӼôĶŪҶЩֺߡ
īһˣ绰˵Ц㰡
ʲôʲôЦġīƲ죺ҹ㣬ֲǹıˣ˵Ϣʱ绰칫Ҳûˡ
ԣҶ治Цˡ
˵˼䣬Ҷĵīҽϰ·ˡ
īһ⻰ﲻɵһӦһʾԼ
ܸīĸоǲһģҲ˵ȻҲһϲܣеϲܡ
֮ڹܣīǼȷ͡
ܿһЩ϶ģģϤûŪףͺܿʧˡ
īһֱûҶ˵ģҶͻȻ
ī
ء
ҶԹߣʲôأҺüˡ
ûУûУ棬Ҹղ飬Ǹˡ
ҶЩȻòΪ˹ܣ˳Դ˰ɣ
ڳԴף
īĬһ£ʵˣȻﲻҲȷԴˣҶ棬īһ̹̹ϡ
ҶЩ־úЦҺûʲô·кѡ
֪ҾСҴһ¶ѡ
Ҷ棺ˡ
ȻīҲûҶ滹Ǻ䣬ȻҲô˾ˡ
īôСǲ˵ġ
īҪôСԺЩ飬ҿɾͲ˵ˡ
īһǻ˵ãæ˵ԼҶʲôһҪԼ
ĵĻҶ治ɵЦˡ
棬㡣
Ҷ΢ģҲصҲ㣬ʲôʱ򡭡û£עⰲȫ
áȻղŻ˵˰أɸīˡ
棬ˣܿˣ⻰ī˵ġ
绰ҵ˶ڶŵ绰
ܿ죬ī˵绰һĲţȴתӵḶ́һ
ƽȻٽأΪפߣͼݵỹͦæġ
ȥʱ綼֯ëˣڰ칫ʱҶ棬ŪֻܻؼҲŴë£Чʵ˲١
죬ŪʲôͻҶ˵Ҷ컹һβš
ӿռóģŪģ䣬Ҳģ˭Ҳ֪˵Ǽ١
˵ˣеĳԣ˭ȥѯĳ
ǵڶ죬ڵģҲҶ˰һ⣬˵ǴŪģʱ̨ԣζˡ
ҶԼʮ⣬ԥһ£ǽӹˡ
ȻתһǣǸС١ŹԣҲǮͶһ㡣
ٻ¥ҲǮҲ֪Ҷĺ⣬ЦЦлӹˡ


630 Ϊ

һ֪ҶͶͨһ绰
СҲ⣬ÿÿ磬Թ󣬶ôذ칫ңҶʱ
ҶЩ˼Ҳмżڵĸһ㶫ϾʹﻨȻڻˡ
Ҳʲô̫صĶҲûƴǣЦ˵Լ˹ӣҶһЩŻҲˡ
Ҷ£㿴Ҹʲôˡ
ºŽʱҶ滹ں͸ī绰ء
һҶüͷõ𣬺͸ī򵥵˵ҵ绰Ҷ濿αųº
¸£㲻֪˰칫Ҫŵ𣿡
ºһ㶣Ȼ˵Ϣʱ䣬ԡ
ҶĲãºЩŭǸɴĵǸҶ£ǲã´λעġ
ˣҶ£˵ǰʱ䲻ѴӹŪ̷ۣõģǺǡ
Ҷ濴ĶҲľܾˣͦõģҪЩ
û£ҶˣҶ㲻ÿ°ɡºЦ˵ǹĹ㣬ûж⡣
ãҶ棺¸£ллĺ⣬ҲҪһеҪæͲ˵ˡ
˵꣬Ҷͷ鼮˵ģҪ̫ԡ
Ҷ£Ϊʲôô䵭һǧ֮أʲôĵطУǸ
ųºһϿҵı飬Ҷ۾͵һ۾ʱֱӿڡ
ҵ˼ҲҪģǹϻϡ
ǣҶ£ˣֻǾЩ飬ҿ໥Ҫô裬Ҫҿ԰㣬Ҫ
ҶĻ¸£ǹϵģŭû취㣬ԼĻҲ٣ҪϺ£ϵģллˣҲҪĹģӰﲻʲôæ
ˣٺ˵һ飬жԣ¸²ҪһЩ;ٶҲ뵥Ĺϵʲô߰
Ҫæˣһ仰Ҷһһٵ˵š
ºŶЩΣҶôԵľֻܾ뿪ˡ
ĶºЩŭܿ죬Ŷˡ
ڶ죬ºˣһΣ̷ۺͺǣƿҹͷһоջ衣
һΣҶܾº¶ֱԣǹĸսѣҪʲô︺
Ҷ£ֻܳԣٸŪ
һԿţզ࣬ЩɲأºѪˣ취ԱãɶҶͲˡ
ͳºַ綼ȥˣʲôѺƤȤ
ҶŹϵŷ˸ۣëɣ
翴Ҷ飬ɵЦҶ濴æֹסЦʵҶ£Щô죿
ʲôô죬¸ûеطţǾͽ¡
Ҷ棺ҲҪžͷţƳţ׼Լߵġ
֪ģҶԣЩŰ칫ﲻʲô⣬ҪȻҶĺͳº򽻵Ҳһ϶׷ȥġ
ЦãҵҲ뿴ֳʲô۶
ԥʵʲô𣿡
Ҷҡͷᡣܳʲô飬Ҫǲʶ࣬ǾͲˡ
һ룬ҶĶҲʡ͵ĵƣ۸ҲѣټҶҲ۸ǾͲˡ
°ʱ򣬳º͵͵ĿţҶһ뿪͵Ķߺߣװʲôװ߻Щˡ
ҲǣЩɻٵǮأûֵܵס
ΪԼĶôҲöԼ̬Ⱥһ㣬û뵽ȥˣҶ涼ûκһ㷴Ӧº·ǰ칫ҵʱ򣬻ԼҶںǶ󽲵绰
ԼĶЦˣڵλϣܿߣĶôõģ
磬ԹûãĶ˵ϼˣм£һæҶ˵һͼæȥ
칫ҾʣҶһˣ̵Ĵӿռóϲ̲裬Ȼеĺš
ӣһ绰͸ˡ
⼸죬ÿ縵ī׼绰ҶѾʼڴ绰ʱȵ绰ˡ
ûһ绰Ҷ滹ûͲأϾͲɵųЦ
ι
һ룬ҶϵЦݾûˣȥ
𣿡
ã֪ˣ͹ȥ
ĥһ£Ҷ滹Ǳϣ뿪˰칫ҡ
뿪ǰ˿绰ǺĵĹ˰칫ҵš


631 ²̨

º񿴵ҶʱһĨ΢Ц
һ󿪼ŪרоھԶǽĴţźͨҵģоİ칫
ἴϢʱ䣬칫Ҳæµ״̬
Ҷİ칫ҲҪģΪǵԣҪĻԾǰİ칫æˣ飬ҪôߵȥҪôǱ߹һ绰
֮Ϣʱ򱻺ΪŽڼоһҪҶǱߵϡ
ºһԸµץ绰Ҷ绰
ⷢҲȷҪҶϣԼ֮ǰ׵ĲϣһһŽڶš
жԲϵĵطҶץʾԱһſյİ칫ϴ
Ҷ£ˣȵˮ
ˡҶͷҲ̧ڳºصضˮûκηӦ
˶ǰ׿ˮҪôǲˮ͵ˮҶ²̧ͷҲܸоŮͬ־޵Ĵߡ
Ҷ£̫ˣȵˮЪһЪɡºЦţҲûܰæ͸ˮ
ĻĿӦ
º״иˡ
Ҷ²ÿҪˮͺ˵һ
ˣһһæˡ㲻ȥȺ̲裬ҲܺȵģûҪóºĲף֪ʲô˼ء
ºҶ£Ъһᣬæġ
λҪ׷Ҷ˼˭ó״ЦЦжȤ˵ģº״Щ˼ЦЦֿҶ棬ŵڱصá
ҲϲЦҶǶЦ˵ôһ䣬Ȼſڰ칫ǰˡ
¸£ûҪûɣҲҡ
ҺæܱܲңҶ˵Ǻܲá
ûˣ
żæ˻ذ칫ңҲ֪ī绰û˽ӣ᲻ʧ䣬йº
Ҷ浱һ칫ʮ˵ôºЩѿ
ƤЦⲻЦ˵ĳҶͦæģҶҪѴ绰ĹҲŪæҵġ
ʲô˼Ҷһѱ˦ϡ
ûʲô˼ϵ˼ºҶ棬ЩЦҪˣͳĺÿһЩ浱Լû취ʰˣ
Ķڻ˼߰ףºһ뵽⣬͵ʮ㡣
ԼӰģڿⶫˣҶǵɵˣأ
˵Ķôõģ˿ܺãģ벻ʲôǲܵġ
лֱ˵˵һһġҶɲÿģȻȷ绰Ϣʱ䣬ûе
Ҷ治ûԼϣºϻһĨճŭ
ҿûʲô˼˵ģҶ绰üˡżҶ˽˵绰ˣϵЦһﲻζ
ȻأҶƤЦⲻЦ˵ʲô
칫ҵĵ绰ɲǸ˽˵绰ġ˵ºһ£ҪҶô绰˼ô
λĵ绰ʵż˽˵绰ĲټȻҲ͵͵Ĵ򣬵ҶȷƵһЩҪ˵ҲȷǸ¡
ҶŲ£еġ
¸£ʲôֱ˵ˣǽǡҶһЦһѧǽǣҲ˼
⻰ɾе˼ˣ˿ôˡ
Ҷ˵꣬칫ôЩ˿ºЩˣʱɻľԼС˵ʲô˳ȥɴС
Щ˶˾ʲôҲ¶ġ
㣬Ҷ棬ʲôҶôºû̲סˡ
ˣˣҶæ¸£ҶˣҶ¹ϸ棬˲϶żأ˵ãͲҪһƽˡ
ǰҶ£¸Ҳǹ㣬㲻Ҫô
ǣǣżҲܶͬ־
¸£ǸˣҪŮͬ־ƽϣҶҲǹϳ⣬еżˡ
ҶƤһۿȰ͵ˣЦһ£û
ϵʱ򣬴ҶڣҲ֪ϳ⣬ƫ֤ͺãϸһ˵ŽǱ߳⡣
ƫƫҪô˵ϣɴСŪҪ˵ӰĿȣ湤ģҶԸ⡣


632 ˰

ͬ־ǰɣҶֿ˿һͬ־ǰɣ
˵ͷҶЦһ£ղҺŽڶϵʱ򣬴һﶼڣʲôǲ֪
УŮб𣬺οжˣЩûҪĹĶ˵ţѵӦþܾǶҪǱôģҲ⣿
֪ʲôǱ𣿱ǲܻдɣ
˵ʱҶ治ɨº֪ͳºйϵҪȻ֮ǰڻԴº̬ȣû˻᲻׵ġ
˾ָʲôҪ̳ºġ
Ҫȣ޿ɺǣҶҲӣɽֺóºҶͲˡ
⡭ͬ־Ǹʮˣ͵رҶôһͨ˵ЩҲסƫͷһԸҶƽϵӡ
Ҷ£˵ô˵ɳ¸йϵĶյİõģ֪ʲô̷ˮͷкǺͲҶЩɲǮء
֮⣬ûϵ˶ʲôֶ֪̰װʲôװ
ͬ־ǸʮˣͳºһģѾüˣԳºҪͽʱһҶͷԵģּº񲻸ˣȻҪˡ
ҶԣЦˡ
ǰ㶼֪ô壬ҶҪΪЩŪˡҶ˵ţ˳ºһۣ¸£Ѳͬ־ҲŪЩ𣿡
֮⣬鶼壬Ҫô˵ģҪôͬ־ġ
һԭ˶á
º˶ΪҶϵģû뵽Ȼôɴĳȷ¡
ͬ־ҶôЦҶ£ͱˣôĶҿ˵жô֪Ҫӣճ¸ôصĶ
˼ڰʾ˵Ҷ濪Ҫװߣʵ̰
ҶֻЦЦĿһȻͬ־û˵
˿ºֿҶ棬ϱЩ˵֡
⵽ôһ°Ҷ²ǲԸ¸
Ҳ˾ȣôණǲǮأºҲá
ȻҲ˾ɣҶ²˰ԼҲ˳¸Щġ
ʱιݳˡ
ƺûио칫ҵЩһЦǺǵĶŰ칫˿ڣæأףŽôڡ
ιݳŽǸղȥˣһͻ
Ŷιݳͷ׼뿪˾Ķ˵ˣʲô¸£Щİɣ
ǰҶЩҰ칫˵ǰ칫ҵģʵæҲ˵лҰæø㣬æȥᣬûü͡
ºһɫЩˡ
ŵĿҶ棬ôҲû뵽ЩɲˣŮͬ־ֻҪ򼸹ˮͷ·ҲͲˣֻҶ˴ǮȻм
ԣǲм
ᣬºȷҶĲмЩװߡ
Щ˹ϵŪģû뵽Ҷ澹ȻºգҶӲʣҲǶ
ʲôܵõҶ
ιݳڼ˵ùŽڣ°ˣ˳ùˡ˵ţĶַһſϡ
¸£㿴ûȱ
ʵÿº񵱳Ϊ˺࣬ϵһ飬ᣬһ۾ܿԭⲻġ
ºΣҡһͷûûȱ
ιݳЦǾͺãҰ쿪̫ƵˣҪǹŽڵʱƳƳ¸Ҫˡ
ºסĵطͼݵᣬιݳһ¥ҶιݳæתҲʲôֵġ
ҶΪʲôԻº񣬲˵Ҷ֪æʲôģǽڣ϶±¡
뵽ҿºЩ˵˼ˡ
ղŻ˵Ҷ̰Щأ˿Ը⿴ֱ͵ιݳǱæ黹涼ԸɼҶ±ӵʲôˡ
Ҳǣ˵Ҷ²ˣҶ¶ԭ򰡣Ҫ˶ǳ¸׷󲻳
ͬ־ղŻҶţһʱε޵޲ôҶղŵĻ
Ȼû˵ʲô޵߾ͺͷâһͬ־
ιݳûأŽô
ιݳŽھ˵顣
ûһᣬĶĹԱż
ҶҲڣкżְ˵żҲַȥ
ŽҲżһŷ⣬һŷĵַЩ֣˺һ


633 ưͿ

ǹĳû뵽
˶ʱΧȥֻŽʮƬһżһЩϡ
˴һƬʱŽڿż֪˭ĵţҶĿ˸м
Ҷ£㰡
Ҷ治˼ЦЦŽڿˣҲûʲôǾõ̫æˣܶ඼һǱߵæһ϶ѡ
ɱô˵Žֲǲ֪
ιݳ飩ǣǲ֪жΣھȴﷱ־ʵֳһЩڻżʲôģһ룬ú
Ҷ»һֱ绰ͨѰǱפİЩϺƬµġ
ҶźЦЦΪīޡ
ԭҶ²Ǵʲô˽˵绰Ϊء
˵Ҷ¿Ųǽǵˡ
ºҲ̫ˣͺϹ˵Ҷڲϡ
ѹҶ¿ϳºأһˣ첻Ÿ£֪Ůͬ־
ᣬҲҶԳº̬ʲôˡ
Ϊ˹ʹõ绰ȴ˵˽õ绰˵Ӱ칤ռҵıˣ˭ʲôɫ
ºɫѿˣûиоЩ͵͵ģżߡ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôˣȷܹ϶ҶǴ˽˵绰Ϊ˹
˵Цôºͣô𣬷˽˵绰ܵ绰ͷǸͬ־Ƕ
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ŽڶҶмҶ£ǿоͬ־ʾл
ҲԵлţ룬ƻҶ濪ĺãС̸ʱͲˣȻż϶Ҫһµġ
ҶͷŽڣģѾлˡ
Ҷ·ˡ飬ҪҶᣬƾйϵīǰīġ
ŽҲֻ֪о壬˽⸵īġ
ҲҶ濪ڣˣܲҵĵīǸ⡣
Ҷ棬Ž˵ϵƵ˼ǲ˵ģ˺ð£
ŽڣǾͱˣҶΪ˹ҲֻǾһѡԿޣҶװ˼ЦЦ
˿Ҷ棬ûΪҪĵĳ֣º˲Ӭһܡ
Ž˵˭ҶҵĹϵ
ºʣɿŰ칫˶ϲģţ˿Ҷ棬ѹϵŭԼߵߣ
һӣºֻˣŭװԼСҶ棬ζֱóºݵ
ҶƳ˳ºһۣ۵׻һĨмºŸտʼء
æСʱµ϶պͱעҶһæһ߷עǰ칫ĵ绰ڵ绰ʱ޲ɱȥӵ绰
ֻǣڶæĻӲãҶֻڿæš
Ҳ֪æʲôȥ˻ûлϰ࣬ҶЩ֣Ҳûֻץ绰ī绰
ī񿪻ȥˣҶ沢ûҵˡ
ôҶ޲úúÿһģûҵˣֻա
һ飬ºͣһЩǺͬ־ͬ־ε˻˵ĻڴҶ˾пҲ¶
˵飬ҶֱĴָ
Ҷ£ɵúã
֮ǰûЩΪҶ滹ºˣû뵽Ҷ滹ǻˣȴֱøιݳȻóº˸ưͿ
ҶˣƳ㶼ҺһˣҶҪƮˡ
Цӯӯ˵ƮƮɡŶƮˣǿϧûֳҪȻۼˡ
飬˵ĽҲ͸īѧˡ
ϸҶ¿ʰġ˵ǳºɶˡ˵ţЩźòڣҪȻԿһĻˡ
ΪʲôҪôôˣ
˸ۣû˰һ˵㻹ˡ
īһʲôǰˣ滹ء
ʵҶ沢ûаиīŪ˵⹤ϴʱѣ뿪ˣŲġ
ֻǺ͸īĵ绰ʱ˵û뵽īȻȥŪˣҲԴ˳º


634 Ƿ

û죬ºͱˣĹ˸֡
˵º˸淢ҸŮϵʲôʼģüŮͬ־ֵλȥִˣѹסദͲ˵ˣǸҲܵӰˡ
˵Ҷʱڷ߷Ȼţã֪ڱӦ˰ɡ
ȻⶼǺˡ
ûгºڣҶõλĿ˲١
ŶҲǡ
칫һζ
ȻҶϴʲôζİȥϷŪһЩصظҶ
ƴ㣬Ҷ濴ͷνػһ̵ܳϰˡ
磺˵̫̣Ӿ͸һС飬ָôһС飬̵Ӵ൹ͦʵġ
Ҷ濴Ȼεӣˡ
ûܾ㣬ϾҲһ⣬˵ˣ
æˣоĿҲ÷ż١
ͼݲλҲǹ°˺ţʮߺ磬Ҷ򵥵Ĵɨһ°칫ңź󣬾̵뿪ˡ
ϰ˲Ż칫ˡ
⼸죬С١ææµĴɨС°ҲŴɨҶͰﲻæˣǰŴˮģŪС١СҲû֡
ʵûżǰС١дɨˣʱСùС١ڸɻҲŴɨΪ⣬Ҷһֱͦ˼ģҲʱʱһЩȥ
ǡƻӻһЩ߲ˣʲôӰײ˰֮ġ
һЩ̫Ķȴڲ򵽵ġ
ܹӦ˻Ǽˣ궼Ҫֵģο촺ڵĹӦ
ֵ϶ſĵЦݣ˻һʲôʲôʲôʳʲôϵġ
żϷƱҶС١Ʊȥˣһ·ϣС١˷ܵııģҶ濴ôˣҲЦݡ
ҶƱȯСףȥ
С׽ڳҪʲôҶһ߿¯ӣһС١˵ʲô
ۿǴˣ֯ë»ʣһֱӣҶܲżô
Ҷż̧ͷﶯȴ˿ûп٣ٶȺĶС١ˡ
ëµĴСС١͵͵Ʋ죬ë²Ǹġ
С״ӳʱ򣬾ͼС١ҶëߣɿڣС١Ҷ㣬ϽʲôҪŪģȥŪһ¡
Ҷ㣬ﻹһ㶹һЩϣȥһ˹硣
áҶͷˣСףǮϣԼá
⻹ءСЦŻش
֮ǰСһС١ɻС١ߺߵҶ濴һĻɵЦˡ
죬СŤҲʲô£ҶˣҲͦȤġ
С׳ȥС١Ĩϴ֣ܵҶǰһƨڵϣ˫ֳϥǣҶ档
ôˣ
죬С١һֱôҶ濴ֹģҲ˵ˣҶˡ
С١ǲ˵
С١ҡͷֵͷҲûСǣǡ
һ£С١״˾ڵ㣬Ҳ֪ӦӦ˵ǣое֡
⻰Ҫǻ˱ˣҶֻһ䣬֪ͱ˵ˣɶС١ҶͣĶʾԼӡ
ôˣ˵ʲô˵㶼ء
㡣С١ϻһĨԥǼ㣬һֵΣǣҲ˵һƬڣȻööҵкп޺мֵĺ˺ҧʲôһЩ߰
ررҡ
С١ŬĻ飬ǿյı飬ûע⵽Ҷݺɫһ˲ء
áʲô㻹ʲô𣿡
ûСС١ҡͷ϶ģҾʲôҲǾúģЩҲ˺ܲ
Ҷס֣οû£Σûʲôģϻ˵Ƿġ
С١ͷҲ֪ǽ㣬ҾѹҾرѹͣʧȥʲôҪһһֱǲ
ߵʱûôѹ˺ѷεѹѹˣС١һ뵽;ú¡
Ҷһ£С١ĸӦ֪ģѵ
ԣӦòǣ磬ѹûʲô
㣿
㣿
Ҷ񣺡ôˣ
㣬ôˣС١ĵĿЩڣ֪˵Щŵ㣬Ͳ˵ˡ


635 п

ҶղŵĻ㱣С١ˣܿͰϵѹȥ
ôĩҶΪͲĩӰˣЩȻڴĩʱ򣬻ǲơ
Ԩ̫ˣͲӰء
С١ۿͺˣѣԲ𣬽㣬ҲӦú˵ġ
㣬ûµģҺ˵ģҲ˵ˣζǷİҲͺΣҲûģġ
ɵϣ˵ʲôءҶԴЦû£Ұ룬ֱŤѵҲΪ𣿡
С١Щ˼ĵͷ
Ƿ겻ֲ֪Ҫô˵ⲻøŪ˵飬ͽƢˡ
Ҷ棺Ƿģ˵ʲôҲһЩ߰ɨ۵ˣŻεЩġ
С١ԹԵͷԴ῿Ҷϥϣ˵㣬ܷʲô飬Ҷᱣġ
Ҳ֪ᷢʲôֻǣǸΣһֱ˼ȥʧȥҪˣ˽㣬Ҳûˡ
ǸīСС١˵ҪС١Եĸооǲһģ²ԭ
㣬һԶԶıġ
֪ʲô¶ģȴᶨ˵ҪСƨҶһůἸС١ͷӦһá
С١ЦЦ뵽ʲô̧ͷ㣬дͶأҲһ𱣻ġ
ҶЦЦļð
С׻ʱͿС١ҶϥǰҶҲͣ֯ëˡ
ҶˣСΣҲϰС١Ҷ棬ȻЩȴҲû˵ʲôǺС١æջȥ
С١ߺģȴҲûĥ䣬֮ǰСҶǰҶһԴĸɻȥ
ʮ졣
ҶָС׺С١أδźСˡ
Ҷ£ҴС͵㶫
Ҷ滹ϰ˴򽻵δͻȻţЩ޴ˡ
к£С١裬ҶһԣϹº͵ı顣
һֱǼҲٶýӣҾһЩһС⣬ͼ
ӦʮģɺδҲ֪Ҷ϶ǲȱģ͸ϽҲʡŵĻҶ߻ⲻȥһЩ
СúҶк󣬾͹ԹԵһţһֱСס
С׽ݣҲţСȥ˳Ҳ͵͵ƫͷţС׳˴ŴɨſڵͲĿ
һС׳ԺСþæΣҲһֱ׷С׵ġ
ûע⵽СõСҶûд
δﻹڼɣһϴϱģЩϸȵ̥أҲ˼㡣أղҳһֱһҪʺáڻ£˼ҼҪ£Ƕΰ
Ҷ£˵Ҳͦ˼ģЩӣлȼǼңҲûʲôܸлģ˵õԼĽӣɱ
ᣬôһأͦ˼ģСװͦõģŪġҲС׺С١ڣҪȻֲʳãٲû˻ɵġ
С·Ҷ֣˹ЦЦּæȥˡ
һЦûʲôúСÿһ죬С׸Цÿ
С١ݸװӻƲ죬ҲаҰҲܺðôҡ
ҶƺоС١˼һЦż˵˵ҲҲЩˣС١ıҺá
ϴò״һ𣬵ǽӲ̫Ƥ̫˲УػصģҶˡ
ҶС١Сףδ˵ڴԺ顣
С׺С١æһЩϸĻæŮȥˣڿһЩȥʲôҪæģҲŪһ㡣
С˳Ҷæֹûʲôġ
û£Ҷ£δǺЦţС׺С١кӣûϸġ
Ҷ滹˵ʲôأɺСߣǰСȥˡ
СڰӣСùֻϸ첲һ飬Լ̧ӣȷǰﵹæ
ȥЪŰɣԼͺá
û£С׸磬ôһöҺһ̧ɣҿŮӣҿˡ
ãС˵꣬ҲȺС˵ʲôʾС˿һ㣬΢𣬺ܿ죬ӾͰƵҪλȥ


636 Ҫ

Сզ࣬ǾȣС׸ô
Сɨ㣬СûæǰС׸磬С
ʵ͸ˣСȻҲɲʲôæ¾ͣˡ
С̧ͷСף˼С׸磬ʲô𣿡
Сף
һҶǱߵķǲ⡣
ҶҲ˹ȥ״ЦЦ
ףμҵ˾ǲ˼ܼһĸ
δز֪ȱӣǰˡ
ʵЩҶ˵治ʲôǶԺμ˵˵ǲٵĶ
СùС١ֲ³ԷҲոѣ㶫ܾ˵ȥ
ҶͺС˵һŸСһ㶫Ȩлˡ
һŰײ˲࣬Ҳһ̲ˣʲôҲһ˿ܺʹһѲǡ
οżһ⣬Ϻʲôġ
Ӱ˵ģһҲˡ
ûССףȥɣȵˮЪһᡣ
ʲô飬һ¶ѡ
Сÿ˿ҲȷûʲôԸɵģֻ÷ɨ㣬ȥ
С˵㻰ģֲ֪˵ʲô
Աˣһ㶼ӳһСףСþͺ߽ŵĲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
δС뿪ʱСҶʾ£һ
Ƿģδƴǲֻýӹ
ȳţƿһεĸпһģ֪Ǻ͹ռһ鰡ɲûඡ
СҲĶˣ촽ҲͷɲôôõĶûȯ򲻵
һ޷ۺһпص廨⣬һƴ㡣
С˵һˮͷģתһ룬ǸʵڣμһأˮͷҲ
Ҷ֮һûųһ£̫ˣҶû취֣Сһ£μһ
ǺлʮǮһޣҶʮ޳С١½ȻһޣޣղС׸δһޡ
꣬ͷ۾Ǳʾۣд۵˼
δĽصػŰģײˣȻ࣬͵˲٣ζҲԡ
ȻҲС׶ˣҲĺõԵʡ
ʮӣҶͳʮģС׺С١ˡ
㣬𣿡С١ʰʱ˳ʡ
Ҷ棺ԣԾͰһ㶳ϣ䣬ջҲ۵ûţϳԽҲһЩ
С١ʶĿСס
С룬˵ǾͰɣЩڵģҶ㰮ԵϺȡ
ҶԣЦЦ˳һС١ǵС١ϲԵļڣСװԵţڣҲϡ
Ūһʮţ⣬ˡ
С١죬һ̲סĿĵЦ۾
СƳС١һۣűӣתʱҲЦš
Ҷ滹˵һЩμҵأתһ룬Ϊϲԣﲻȱʳĵ£϶֮ǰһϺȣȣдȣμҽĽӣеˡ
Ҫ棬˲ܴȻֻǺ⡣
룬Ѿ˻ˣӾˣҪȻμԺҪɾͲˡ
ҶȻûʣҲ֪μһٽӹŪҲס
ʵҶ滹¶ˣμһҲͰʮӣʮʣʮ˻еСϱʮμ˾һһ
ҶĻ񣬺μһǹ˸꣬ǵôԺ˶׷˵μӹĺãˡ
ڶʮ
һ磬С١С׾ˡ
Ҷ浹ǻڱţ챧ŵԿ˺þõĵӰ˯£ᵱȻˡ
Ϣ죬ҲûīæҲܴţóţȻֻԼӿռ﷭ӲƷ͵͵ˡ
С׺С١ϰˡ
С׽Ҳż٣緹С١Թ󣬾Ϳʼڳæ
ҶʱѾˣ緹ȻûԣС׾Ͱһֱŵ緹ˣȻһֱŵĲƷһ㲻ĽҶĶӡ
ǶԵ𣿡ҶЩ֣ûС׶һ㣬һԣСײϣС١ҲԸԡ
ֱ˵ԼãҪԸЩɡ
ϲģʲôḷ̌ͷ¶Щǻϲ١
С١Сҡͷ룬ԾˣãҲȱԵĺȵġ
ţ̺龫ÿ컹мԣˮʳԶԲ㲹Ķ


637 

СףǣҺС١ǻһѳԵ𡣡
Ҷ״ҲͲ˵ˣҲǣЩƷȷСӳԡ
ʹ˷
ǴҲԼͬģΨһĲŵԷһˡ
ȻҲǡ
һԶбС١Ҳȼı˦ȥ˫ס䣬Ц۾
Ҷվ£ſķڵС١һ£ûаѿռ̻ó
֮ԴǵΪĩԸɥʬõģҪóһע⵽ɾ鷳ˡ
ܷʢѼȻ˵ˣƽԵľͺãǷʢ
ԹҶ׼õѹǮóǵݸСף˵˼ĻٸС١һԴ
С١ҪúѧϰԽԽá
С١ɵѹǮСЦĿġ
ѹǮ˼壬ѹõģһֹޣʮﳤԼҺѹǮ˼ѹסвõģ꿪ʼ˳˳ġ
Ҷ˰һʮǮǮոµģҶصȥȡġ
С׺С١˺ûв𿪣֣µķŵԼͷ£ų׼ӡ
ҶһԺȲ迴ţ룬ȥë·֯ʣһ㣬ŪҲá
ȻǽӵģСȥͶС١ȥͣ˻ʱ򣬽ҪͶˡ
ЩɲҶӿռõģһģٺܿ죬ŵˣŻ֧ȥѡ
ӻûа꣬ͷѩ
ѩСһͰѵظȾˡ
С١ѩء
Ҷ漴ӣѩҪµˡ
С١һûӦĿҶ棺µ𣿡
Сһ߰ŽӣһߵѩµĲСɲҪµô
С١ǲ⣬С׵Ϲʮǳһˣɲ𣡡
׹С١ƲƲ죺ᡣ
Ҷ˵ģԼˣСЩЦ֪ܵǴûܽҶĹء
͵ˡ
͵С١ⲻڽǰô
ҶЦſ˶죬ﲻͣĹߣٹ
ڣڽӰõʱҶëҲ֯ˡ
˿Ҷһ£ĵͷ
һС׼״
Ҷ㣬ëǸ֯𣿡
šҶһҲûбֺĲ˼ͦģƻܴһ󡣡
С١֪Ҷ֯ë²Ǹ磬Ǹġ
Ϊë£С١ɴء
Ȼ͸綼ѣЩûн㶯֯ë塣
С١ֲ۵Ҷ棬ţҲûб¶ûпҪ
Сﲻ֪С١˼ƳһۣȻС١ϿһĨΡ
ҶҲƺˣë·ŵһߣֹ˹С١ıӣЦЪһЪпˣҸ֯һ
С١˵Цȴҡͷ˽㣬һв·أۻˡ
һСҲӻҶ㣬ҺС١·ЬȷˣͲҪٸ·ˡ
С١Ŀ죬Ҷô·Щ˷ˡ
˵䣬ۿͿ쵽㣬ͻȻ졣
˶һۣſȥСҶ㣬ҿȥ
ˣȥ
˵꣬Ҷϴ¹ȥš
˭
棬ҡ
һ򿪣īЦվſڣ˫Ц
֪˶Զ϶Ųѩˡ
Ҷղѹܲ鿴ǺС١С׿¯ӣ˵ʳ̫ܰԵʣһӶû
ڿīһסþöûзӦֱС١Żعæøī
㣬īôˣ
棬㣬ͳŲôæٻˡ֮ǰļڱû꣬ˣݼҲǲС
ۿæĲˣīʹ˱棬ȱͶ
Ļ𳵣ת𳵶û;סһҵ飬¸ϲϺһꡣ
ݡҶְϣһĵͷѩһС׼С١Ȳ衣
磬ˣȿ𣬳ԵĺȵĺܿͺáС״кȥˡ
С١ǵȲ裬˵Ϸ£̧ͷ˿ī죬ŵ͵͵ĺһ䣺硣
Ӧ˵һȥվġڸī˲ˮҶſڡ
㣬ûйվô߹һ·Ƿ磬ѩҶ붼Щ
ī״Ĳ豭ףҶ֣Ц˵棬û£Ҳ䣬㿴ǲůůģ


638 

һС١⶯죬ûϣֹֻռˡ
һ룬ҶյĶС١ƲۣװûпĵԽ㶹
ԣûôС١ǸīռҶ˵ġ
Ҷоůůģ¶Цתһ룬ǻϵߣתܣҲо֮ǰ£յİһۡ
īҲ뵽ˣɵЦЦû䵽棬ϲš
ϲҪǸһ·᲻ѩ
֮ǰ绰˵Ҫæ죬׼
īͷš
ˣ棬ҸһЩ
ùԼ򿪣ͳ
ްʵʵķۣ۽мñֽʵ⡣
ǱʲôҰۣīɽҵģ۽;תʱȥٻ¥ģ磬һЩǮͲƱ绻ġ
棬ҷƱȯ͹ʣһЩʣµĶ⡣
ͬҵԼ˻㱨ѹҲϽˡ
Ҷ濴ϵǮƱȯٿīǿĵЦݣǮ
ˣô죿
īȻҳԼסҪʲôǮ
С١һ飬˼ǣҪסǷˣ
ðɣסǷҲǲУҲϴȥסӪùݵġ
棬һᴵɾͲˡ֮ǰĵģһҲֱӴˡ
ɻͬ־˵ˣ˾͵ƤһЩлᡣ
ԼʲôϽˣһסͷȥġ
Ҷ濴˿ϵǮƱֿ˿īЦһ£ſռȥˡ
Ҷ£īģŷ£ĳһԹס
ʱСװѳԵĶ
ӣһ뽪ٹֶӹ
Ҷ̧һŷ֣Ҳˡ
øīȽůҶС١˷֣ܵС١죬Ƿűȥ
С١²׼õıڣҶ嵽Ժӣ򿪴ţ˶Ҷֱһ
ʮšˡߡһ
ҶҪס䣬һ˫ѾһĶ䡣
΢΢ͷһīվԶЦſ
ᣬͺĵ¶һҶů
ղҶС١űڵʱ򣬸īһ£Ҳ˳
˵ģҲŸˣԼٻ⣬ûˣҪȻôЦĿĵӡ
С׾վһԣС١͵͵ĶҶ͸īְԴȥ񾯸棬ˣôҶʹʲôСӼҼҵġ
С١СӼҼҵģôҲŵ㣬˼ء
ī֪С١²ۣҪȻһһӣû
ҶŸīЦЦ˵֣
棬֣
С١ŶҶС١ԴȻֶС˵֣Сס
µһ꣬ףǶ֣˳⣬³ɡ
ȻһףǶģС١Ǹ˵Цţ˵ڴ糾ϻķϣԼͲƽˡ
㣬֣ף˳⣬ԶƯġ
Сһ¶ǳǳЦݣҶ㣬֡
磬֡
С١ԣҲ̧ͷī磬֣ף彡³ɡ
ãҲף֣ѧҵī˵ţڴȻŷӦǮҶˣһֲʣ
Ҷ濴ľٶһסģﲻ֪ôһ£ֵЦˡ
ã
īһҲΣָָҶ棬С١С˵ҶϽˣǽҪ
˵ɩҪģҶգԣת˻档
ҶѾתݣ⻰Цҿɲܡ
棬ôܲأҶϽˡ
Ҳܡ
С١ϣСϡ
ŵʱС׿˿ںڵ·Ǵ˷ıϵЦԽԽŨãӣǰ붼ġ
īûͳǮС١С׺˭һǮûУҶҪŲ졣
֪Ҷ֮ǰѾС׺С١󣬺ƤȻ˾ͺˣһ˸һξͺˡ
֮⣬ҶһģֻҪһξͺãҪ˶
⻰ҶӵİۣīɲĳŽӡ


639 Ҷʹ

Ҷ汾ҲԵĳ˼ڣʣµıīĽӹȥˡ
С١һסīĴ룬ٿԼС룬ѹִôߴ󣬸ǷͰ
СƺС١˼һԵͣ糣ڣ
֮⣬Ĵ󣬳ԵȻͶˡ
֪С١ߺߣѾˣټӴһôԡ
ĻС١Ȼû˵꣬˭˼
īߺߵǳ԰ʳģҿǹϽġ
īúóĽӣôСһҶ澯ĿһۣȻС١Դ˵硣
ҹʿɲ٣˵ˣĳ˵ĹأС١ʲôԡ
С١һᣬܿͱҶ氲ˣĵȻûǮ㣬ܿ쳤󣬵ʱ׬ܶǮ㻨
ʵС١ǻŸղҶһʱǺ͸ī顣
īҲС١ôױˣ˯ǰīͳ׼Ķһ̨ƴӵ̹ˡ
ӵǴҪյģīôǣţôҲһЩξõЩӵǸС١Ūһ̨С̹˳š
ҵģС١ȡ
īͷţģŰɡ
˵꣬ɵоϣϱӣ۾׼˯
С׿ţС١ŬŬ죬˼㿴绹׼ҶûУ㻹ʹƽϡ
С١̹ˣ˿īƲ죬䵽̹ϵʱǲ𣬹һᣬſڣлл硣
квϲЩģѧУͬѧҫԼǵģȻӵǵ棬С١ҲĽĽõīС̹ˣ˻ˡ
ۺһĸīû۾ü仮һĨãڣʲôҹˣ˯ɣһᳳǽͲˡ
С١С׵Ȼĥ䣬ܿ£ϨڰֻԼ˵ĺ
ҶǱߣ˯ˡ
ҹҶͻȻѹڴϣرǸīǳ೤ĺͻȻЩ
С١ôһ£īڣᰲ²١
һһ硣
˯еҶͱѣ˸˱ӰԴסЩƣ˵ӲùôŸûˡ
Լ˵Ҷε˯ǲ˯ˣֻ
Ҷ洩ó˷ŵʱ򣬼ѹС١ȥűڡ
īҶ˯һģû취ΧڷűڣԼҷŵû£ܲܲ˼ҷŰɡ
Ҳͳһһ죬쿪ʼͲôˡ
棬˰ϴһ¾ͿԳ緹ˡ
ҶһߴŹǷһ֣ôô硣
˼𳵣Ӧúú˯ǡ
īϰ𡣡
ҪϢáҶ˵գԼЦǳ񣬲Щ˼
ϹǳЦĵӰ
Ҷ治ڵæȥϴīϵЦݸˡ
֪Ҷ뿪פغжصƽǺ˻ʱʱͨ绰
̤ϻ𳵵ʱ򣬸ī˼ˣڻϣÿһӾԽһЩ˵
ٴοˣīֻǿնһˡ
С١ڰ꣬һ߰ڣһ߿Ҷ͸īĵ˵ԺһȭʲôŶȭ
֪ԼҲѧĻ᲻᳤ĿһЩ
µһĵһ٣ϳԲ̫࣬СҲ˲١
ʵҲҶ׼Ķ࣬ҪȻС׾Ҳû취
һҪеģʾµһۡ
ǰ࣬о׸⡢ɫͷСࡢӶ
ĻƶСһҹģĥʱ򣬴ȭĸī˹ȥⶹǸīĥġ
ϻҶó㣬˺װ͵˭Ҳûġ
ī֪ҶԼģС١С׾͸ˣ˵֪ҶóʲôûʵĶ֡
Թ緹Ҳû£Ҷûطȥī˸ﶼȥˣī˿Ժѩ룬С١Сף׼Ҷѩ档
һǸҶѩˣС١Сܾܿͷ
ѩСµϲͣģѩ˴´ࡣ
Ҷ£¯ӣ̲裬Ժæת
īѩ˱
īѩ۾ԡ
Ҷֲָ֧ţʱӹС١ѩ͵͵ʹĶīѩˣȻøī


640 ΰ

īѩ˵ԴԲ
īѩ˵ѽʵֱҵˡ
С١һ͵֡
Ҷʹī᲻֪ڱҶ涺ֻǵҶѩС١ϣҲ֪˭ʼģԺѩ
һйȥ
죬Ҷ֮ǰ֯õëóЩڵĵݸī
ԣС𡣡
īȣ棬ҵģ
㲻ҪˡҶ˵ţҪջأīɿߣϲıڻ
ҪôҪ
Цգī־᣺棬Ҳ˵𣬲ƱŸԼ·㲻ҲûϵҲ÷ٲУ°
ǵϲ·īصŪ˹ҵȯµġ
ϸԼʲô
Ҷͷ˿Լϵķ·ٿ˿С١Сϴģһ⣬ѵǿû·Ǵĸīûµ
ŸҼ·ôë¡ǻϲģһˣҪô·ʲôףͺˡ
Ȼ֪īǲѣҶ滹ƲߺߵҪǲϲС׺ˣҲܴˣҪȻҲܸһĵġ
īסˡ
һСЦЦѣҶ֯ġ
Ҷղ·ǲ˼ôͲˬˡ
ʲô񣬺һ
īæҡͷ棬ң·̫ˣΪġ
Ҷһ䣬ǿպã
ҶܿѹǵĻȣյӣͻ˵ûҡ
棬ûС
ᣬīԼһȭʲôӣѹҪˡ
棬ˣҺܸˣҺϲǣҲôġ
λĹɲ˵ŴɽӦúúϢģָ֯ë£һһߵģīƺܿҹֵһĻˡ
΢һЩɲšҲҪôˡ
īûҶȷ˼ţϾŸģ컹ʱܴϣȻҪҹϹˡ
Ҷ氾ҹСײ֪ģҶʶĿСףСҡͷʾԼʲôҲû˵
һĻīüͷ죬ȴʲôҲ˵ֻ̾һ棬Ҳϲʲôѣֻϣ㲻Ҫôۡ
⻰ޱȣҶȴоůůġ
ҲûҾǣʵٺܿģС١
С١ýݣ⻰⣺ʲô
ûˡīдˣ
ǹ꣬С١ҲҪÿдŴֵġ
С١ͷҶ豭˼ڣȻùůˮƿˮ
īԴ·ʱصذС׺ȥһʣ濴СװæСʵǸҴãͱˡ
С״Ų³ī뷨ЩҶҲԼ˲·ë£Ҳ̫С˰ɡ
֪ǲһġ
ڸīĳ£ҪСʵû·ԼҲǲУҶ֯ľͲһˡ
ŸīëNɪС١Ʋ죬ë߻Ҳأ

ͣѩĽϼ߶
ܴųëش²Ҷš
ûأеϤĽŲתͷȥ
½ȻҲһ£ٿŵĶһ㶡
Ҳ½ȻĶˣһ£ǳһȣ½ӳð
ãꣿ
šܣ½ӳҲ𡣡
½ȻЦЦûзϣǾһɣ
ûأžͱˡ
С١˵ĶԻ
Ŵ򿪣С١̽Դͷǡ
ܺ½ȻһۣܿݵĺС١кŶ˽ȥ
Ҷڷ˯أī߳վ£Ŀشﰵ裬ôˣԼһ
īڣ½Ȼ͹һ¡
ôڣ
Ȼˣ
ҽþòī͹ܵͷкְ
½ӳû뵽ôͼˣ֮֡⣬ôּˡ
½Ȼī˼ǳ˳飬˵Լһ
ﲻˬ½ȻҲСˣװûī˼ЦЦãţû뵽ıǻ硣
īЦ粻аҺˡ
֪ôã˲ô׷ġ
ӣţͦеġ
æҲ겻ǡ
ͬ־֮֡ܺİ㣬кͰѶַһԵϣС١ҶӰ


641

˯С١ʵش
ƴȻһᣬĻط˯ȥˡ
Сڳæòĳкּæȥ
Ҷ˵ģóڰʳŪá
ǿͣҶ˯īкºȲ裬ڳԷ͵ÿˣ˸ϽģһͲôô򷢵ġ
ڹܺ½ȻŵĶīЩƣ˲Լһȥİɣ
ˮͷĸ㣬ǹһֻ
ЩһǱ˵ģ˵ôˡ
īҶܾ½Ȼܾ͸ˣøīƲѡ
ˣ˭Ҷ泳ѣҶҲã˱ȹȥҲá
֮ŵвҲ뷨һûһš
ҶѵʱѾ֪˼ˡ
ףôˣҶ澪ȣЦŵѽ
Ҷ棬ЦԾӣ棬֣Ǹˡ
½ȻҲٺ͸īǶ£Ҷ棬ĵЦ棬ְҲġ
֣ͬͬˣãϳԻţҲһԷɣȶ֡
ī֮ǰʾǰʾ˶ߣҶ濪֪ͣ
Ȼ˵ĵĻشûī
ãܸɴĴӦ
½ȻҾ͹ˣ
īû˵ȴ߽ٳʱҶһףҶϣ컹أϴôҶ˵ٴˣϼǲס
Ҷ治˼ЦЦͷ
۵׻һĨ⣬ո˼ס˼˰ɣ
½ȻոĺòҪ
С١ڸīʱѾȥСȥˣҲҶˣʲôҪӵĲˣȻͼæȥ
ȥʱ򣬻ͷ˿Ҷ棬ⲻĵСٶҶ濴ˣЩЦ
ʵҶҲܾȣû뵽½Ȼ͹ܻꡣ
ˣ棬֮ǰ֯˼ë£û֯أҽԺͬ£Ҷûʲôʱ䣬ңϤ뷨Ҿ룬˵ʱ䣬ܲܰ֯ꣿҲż֯Ϳˡ
½Ȼţֿīϵë£Щᡣ
òϣʶҶȽ磬ҶǲܣҲ縵ī
ɾô½ȻֲģϲѽΪʲôҪ׾ͷء
īϴë£ԽԽ죬ī˵ŻȻѹ죬Ҷ֯ģ뷨ǰëôΣȻϤˡ
ǹõģҪ׷Ҷ棬ûн飬Ĳ
īćNɪø˹ܺܺõɡ
ҶһͿī
ʶľٶܿһᣬ¶ڴĿ
ģ˵񲻴ʡ
ī۾΢΢۵׷ɿ컮һĨ⣬īﲻ֪ܾǹģҲ֪ܴʲô⡣
Ҷ滹û˵أīͿˡ
ҽ̫ˣҰҸ˰ɣŪĿˣ㻹ܸŴ졣
ҽģͰˡԼһ˰ë²Ū
ߣ봩Ҷ֯ģ
㣡
𿴸ī˵һΪӣɴҶˣ˭֪ô°
Ҳҡͷˣһ²Ѿ֯һˣñ˽֣Ūǲ˷𡣡
˵һ£˫Ҷ棬˵Ҫûʱ䣬ǾˣôҲû¡
еʧ䣬һģ࣬һ˲䶼ࡣ
ҶһﲻɾЩ£ҡͷʱ䡣
䣬ЩסѾ˵ˣ˵ë֯͸ܵģŪһȷãҶ˵п˰ëøң֯ʣµģ֮ǰһֱͦæģڹʱ䡣
𣿡ܵ۾һӾˡ
𣿻᲻ۣ˵鷳Ͼ鷳ĻôлӴ
鷳ӦõġҶ˹ܵĻ˵꣬Щ飬ҿīͺʲôһ
īֿ࣬ɿҶЩڵģҲ᲻ֻﰲοԼϾܾ棬͵лˡ
˿ܣīҶ˵Ӧõģãݼøëߡ
ŲùܵóأҲæôë¾ͲҶصظŪģϾԼһţǾһ͹ܵлˡ
ôһ룬īȥһ롣


642 Զﴫ

˵ë¿Ҷһ͹ܵл
뵽һҲʧˡ
īӲϵƵȻɨһ۹ܣ˵赶ŪǹˣϸµĻżҪǻ֯ë£Ҳ涯ֵģһЩ
½Ȼһ飬⸵ī˵ʲôǣҶϵ
ˣʲôҲҶҶҽԺסԺʱʱͷء
˼˿īû˵ֻǿҶ棬ƺ˼˵棬Ǿ鷳ˡ
Ҷҡͷ㲻ôġ
ô˵ųĵЦЦЦţҶûעʱ˸īһۣеøī͵սһ룬īɿƣװʲôҲûз
ܿ죬׼á
Ϊйܺ½Ȼ꣬СְʳĶ׼һЩһֻȻ˴ģ֮ǰҶ׼ġ
ܺ½ȻȻ³Էˡ
ڴȥʱҶ濴ī˼ЦЦ죬ī㲻ģԲԣ
ʵҶҪǲ͸ī˵ҲǿԵģЩⲻȥæοīǰ֮ǰ֯ëɶѡ
īҡҡͷȴסҶ֣һͷû¡
⿴ܵıӰӲһ£īʱˡ
û֪棬ЩŹ֣ܲ
ܿīǣҶ֣û̫ķӦʱֻµܣȴֻװʲôҲû
ƹѲī
ҽ˵ҽԺиŮҽͦϲİǹϵܺðɣһ𣿡
ʱ˵Ůͬ־ϵã˼ͺ˵̸ˡ
ȹ˵īͼ˵ͦĽģһҺͲˣԶֻܴ绰ддš
īҶ棬Щί˵棬ǻûôдء
Ҷһ㶣ʶдŶǰӲ绰𣿡
ͨ绰˵˵ﳤ̣һЩģ˵ĲˣﻹҪдŰ
½Ȼͦ˿ī͹أһ⻰ϰ˼īҶͨ绰˵ʲôأ
ְܿҵëϲ롣
΢绰
칫ҵĵ绰þûˣʵģֻǣˡ
С׿ϵĬĬĺС١ĳԷ
ɣǻǿͺá
Ȼ϶Ŵġ
йܺ½ȻڣС١С׶ԼͬĺīΪ磬Ͼ¹ϵǲҪƵĺá
ŹҶһӵѩ⣬״ǽֺͣ˵˵˵ҺҽԺҽ඼һͬϾҽԺнҽҲࡣ
ڸͬ־˵ĺҹϵõҽϸ룬ҽԺͬʶ˵ҲͰ֮⣬ûʲôϵõҽ
Ҷʵ֪ī˵˭֮ǰԹġ
˿ܣ˵ʲôתһ룬ǲ˵ˡ
˵ģɲءīüɲùô׹ȥ
ҵ棬ĲNɪգĻ
ܿһ۸ī̹ȻЦһ£˵ͬ־Զﴫˣ㲻棬Ǻ˽ġ
Ҷס˵С١͸ֻϺ㣬ϺϺɺóˡ
ϺҶС١¶ЦݣллС١ҼС١ġ
֪īҪԴףŹϤôҲ˵̫ĮĻ
֣棬Ұɣ
Ļû˵꣬īѾһѷϺõԼǰְҶ
û£ҽǿˣ㶯ֵĵҸɡ
Լյ֣ܿīһ˿ӣȻô죿
˸оɹܲһһμī;ﲻһˣڿƺָһЩ
˵֮ǰˡ
ɹ˵ղŸī鼱֮¶ɿѸ٣½Ȼ̫ܲĸоһӾͿˡ
ջ֣תҶһ鸯״ͬ־һˡ
ǰīְѰõϺŵҶĵһ˵ڿɲǹһˡ
˵գҶ棬ֿĵЦݡ
½Ȼʱⲻˡ
ܣ
С׺С١˶һۣͷ׷ĵģأ


643

ˣ½ӳ˵иãϵͦõģĸǴ޸ţʲôʱ°ɲҪ֪ͨǳϲǰī٩ϸϸƺ˼
½Ȼû뵽ϷϷȻôյˡ
һ£æҡͷôܣȻûѪԵϵɵҲãɲҿЦ
īƺһ£Ŷõһֱ۸Ҽš
˵īɵĿһ۹ܣȻܣҲòϣΪҶˡ
ȻīҲҶģŲҶסܵĺء
⻰½ȻʶĿҶ棬εҲǲ£һЩҲѵˡ
飬ڶ½ȻҶ棬Ҷᱻݣ
һԽӻͬ־ǲ֪½ӳϲŮͬ־ɲ٣Ժľмء
ҶţҲŵͷ飬֪
½ȻڹܿڵʱЩɵۣĿŹܣ㵣ô£㱻ǻʱҿû侮ʯ
һȻû侮ʯԱ߿ˡ
½Ȼ֪ڹܿ͸īôԣ˶˺Ҷ棬½ȻǸҶ˲¡
½Ȼûп˵أͼҶ渽͵ĵͷʱˡ
û£ҺʹԺŮͬ־ϵѣûġ˵꣬Ҷ档
Ҷ״æЦ½ȻɱңҺͲڴԺסˣҵסʱǴԺһЩŮͬ־ȷǡ
ĻȻû˵꣬˭˼
½Ȼˡ
ԣҶ浱ڴԺסԭ𣿣
һٷ˿Сʱûȣǳ˲٣Ҳپˡ
ҶһԵĲˣ»ˣԼС١һ߳۽ȥˣСҲûһྐྵӡ
Ҷ涼ˣīûҲˡ
Ų裬һᣬۿͷѩҲŵˣ½Ȼ͹뿪
īҶͳſڣŰѴϡ
īȲŵľٶҶճ˳飺ղŻ˵˳ġ
˵īôôÿ
īǿ
ǹû͵ġпʱ䶼µġ
ԡīͷ˵ĻҶֺЦ
ˣҲû˵ǻڼдǰСС١ڣҲߵġ
īһҲԼ˼Ҷ濴ЦЦ棬ҽϾ˵ˣŹ꣬м٣ȥϺһɣ
ȥϺҶЩȣôȥϺأ
īҪȻȥ׶ҲС棬ϲҾȥתһת˳һˣҪôǳҪôʲôԭ򣬾û˵ȥģϾƱס޿ɲǮ
ҲҶ͸īôûˡ
Ҷȷ뷨϶ǸīһõģƾǸղţţҲ￼
С׺С١ȥ𣿡
īˣң䣬ǲһܵǱߵ
ҶüܳȥڼҵģŤͷʣСסС١벻ȥ
⻰С׺С١СҶʹȥͺˣҺС١Ͳȥˡ
Ҷȥ棬Ǹʲô
С١ȻҲҶȥ棬ҲûзִˣͶȥĻ⻨͸ˣסģԵģ·ϵĻһǮء
ȻйʣҲһġ
ǰ㣬ʹȥͺˣҺ͸翴ҡС١˵ţԳŬŬ죬˵˿ء
ɲٶһ͵Ż
Ҷ棺˵ɣˣʰϴȥ
ȻֻСʰС١ڳˮīǷʺֽŪмƻ
Ǳߡ
½Ȼ͹ߵ·
ҽЩˡ½ȻЩˣûܰɣ˲˵ˣͼӴס
һ⣺½ӳ⻰Ӻ˵ѵЩ鶼ǿѨ磿
½ȻȻǿѨ磬
Ȼ֪ǹģ½ȻҲ˵ʲô
һᣬ½ȻڣҽҲʲôʤ㡣
ܿ½Ȼû˵
Ȼͱֽ½ȻͲ˵һʣһ룬˵£īǺ׽ģôΣ㻹ңһᶼûС
½Ȼ֪ԼĻʵãôֲģʶҶ氡
ᣬ½Ȼƺˣ֮ǰùܾȹҶ棬Ǳʶˡ


644 ⣿

ʵ½ȻҲǲǵãǣ֪īʶҶʱȻīԣôȹһЩôء
ǡ½ȻŹܣǿҵĽζ
ܿ½ȻǳһĨ΢ЦʲôҲû˵뿪
½Ȼڲĵʣܣ𣿡
īƾʲô
ܽŲһ£ƾ漸Σƾ
½Ȼٶһ
ҲͷˣǻŲҶ棬ʱ򣬴û£ҲñķɻΪ᲻˺Ҷˡ
ԸīܲҶ֪ˣ
½ȻҪԸīֹܲԼҲīĺȣԲǺ½Ȼ
Ǿϵʲô
½Ȼ⻰Ȼ
ʣΣգ½ȻʣҲᱣҶģƴģ˵ʵڵģϾûҲ֪᲻ᣬ½Ȼ֪ԸⱣҶġ
Ź뿪ıӰ½Ȼվԭأһŵ͵͵૵Һγ뱣ء
ڶǵõһμҶʱôڴУҰ׵΢Ϣ
뵽Ҷ˲Ū½Ȼţ֪İɣⱲӶ֪İɣ
Ͼ֪ˣѾԶˡ
졣
һ磬Ҷͺ͸īϺĻ𳵡
ҪϰˣīҲ֪ȥŪιݳĵ绰ȻҶô˼١
ԸīͲ壬С׺С١һֱҶţΪҶţ˵ҪϺһٻ´ɷ衣
С١ɲ֪СȥĹ˵ģ˵ֽҲܾϺһٻĶɻˡ
ⶼָҪʲôˣҶҲֻóţϾʱĶһıʶȵģӿռ﷭ĿɲϺ´ɳ
ݼӦúúϢġҶ濴Żⲻϵ˵ķ羰Щ˵
īЦҲۡҪûйܺ½ȻȻŶС
֪˲Ҷദģ϶ҪһƣȻʹҶȥ
棬ˣϺ죬Ȼ㿴ȥģ˳·ȥȻߡ
īȻˣڰٻ¥ҲС׺С١˵ûôѣȥЩӣ㵽ʱ
ҶҡͷҪ
˵ҶæīҲǮҾǵģѣڡ˵ռʲô·ûаαء
ī״Ҳû˵ˣ룬ʱˡ
ɼҵͬ־˵ˣǵϱһ·ҪٲƱҲ֪Ҷö٣ڻǰרŻһЩ
һ·ѣĵһ̵Ϻ
ϺƽůͶ٣Ҷɫëɫӣɫëش£ԣīǰɫĴëųףҲǺɫġ
īš
Ҷһˣô϶˶ĿõģΪ͸īһҲԵͷɹ·
һ»𳵣˾ֱϺƽꡣ
棬ϵķ˲ãȻīӼ˷ڻӿˮһ£ζܹûĺãǲģҶԵľͲࡣ
Ҷҡͷá
һᵽ˵طǻطʰһ£ȥԷ㲻мĲˡ
á
˵䣬˳ͽ˺ƽĴš
תţͯ·һ·ǰ̨
ʱôϺǺطһ˵ĴűƽǻҪһЩȱĵط͸˵ˡ
˵Ͻ˵ĴСϱͷ׵ţģͷҪôҪôС࣬ͳ˿࣬صۣˡ
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վڹ̨ǰīº͵ĺҶ˵һȻŴӿڴͶ
֤ţīһһóԼĲ㣬ҶҲóˡ
ͬ־׷
Ҷ濴ǰ̨ԱûɵĿ⿴͸īЩЦͬ־һһ䷿ʱûнţûн֤Ůͬ־ɲסһ飬ҪȻǸЬ
ȻǺƽ꣬ʲô֣߰ɱһǡ
⣬һ¾һΣοҶɲ˯һ룬˲鷿˵Ь
ʲô𣿡īޱʵ
ԱҡͷȴҶ֤˿Ҷ棬ԥš
Ҷ״ʣͬ־ôˣ֤Ȼûġ


645 һ

͸īȣҶ澫µϹº͵ı飬ǹԱҲͰɻʳˡ
ǣ֤ɣôģÿһע⵽ˣ˵ģһҲѼ
Ϊһ»ţû뵽Ȼǡ
ˣòʲôʲô˰ɣ
ҶЦЦͣŶ·µװˡ֤ҵû
ʵǸīȥƱҶĹ֤ͽһװˣȥﶼһ飬˭ŶС
һ£ҶִӿڴʵǴӿռͳһŽƬģ˹ȥ
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īϲԱûɵ۹⿴Ҷ棬ֻ֪Ǿѡ
Լ֤ŵԱǰ᣺ͬ־һỹ£˶Ժ˾͸Ͻɡ
һī֤ǰ̨ԱվֱˣæԲ𣬶ԲλԵȡ
ҶƬĵλţֿ˸ī֤ԱȻǣһǸһæҵģ˿˷䡣
ƽϾһķ꣬͹ӪҲͬ׼һ䣬׼ʮǮһ䣬ѺҪʮǮ˶Ҫ˫⳥
īסҶԶ˾ڵ׼䡣
һҪʮĿǮ
Ҷţһ£ʮĿǮһЩмĹµĹˡ
Ҳ֣ʱ˳˭Ҳûܣ˵λģ֧ҪԼ͵ģЩλҪԱԼǮģԣҶ顣
ѡƽסģҪôǸ߼ĹˣҪôǼõġ
ͷٺҲ޵ģҶ棬ôô
īʶͿڴȻ˼ëǮƱƱǮҶˣ⼸ëǮƱƱƱʣµġ
Ҷ棬Ц棬ΪʲôҳǰС١һֱЦˡ
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ԱҶǮˣȵƵƵ˿īȴûһ˿ΣȻģﲻЩ
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īԿ˲٣ͷԱʵĽ֤Ҳƾ֤Ʒ
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ʵīҲ֪һ㲻ʲôϰԵĻǼһ£ҲܰġϾνģɲ


646 ź

Ҷ濿ɳϣ޳ûһļڲ輸ϣԵȸӵ޳
һ۷䣬뵽ղŸīµľٶҶ治ɵЦ
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̫磬ϢãҶ̲Щ
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ī񿴳Ҷ˼ЦЦ棬ҿûţûзԿ׿ġ
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ҷԿ׸ʲôҶбƵԿҲΥƷ
īЦЦŵʱ˴ϷԿס
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ʱѾ˵ˣƵҶʰóţӪ궼ˡ
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á
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֪УŽֵ˺ԶȻͷʱ򣬶ƽƵĵˡ
Χ·ϡ裬طȥǺںģżгҲɫҴҵġ
Ҷ濴˿Լֿ˿īɾúЦ
ϵģ˾ȻƣɲǺʱΪɼĲȫ
ԣȻҲšҶЩΣ־ůůġ
ī
ţ
찡챻ۡдģɶ״ϳš
Ļû˵꣬ͱīüˡ
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Һ֮䣬ʲôۣ


647

úúãҲ˵ˡҶΣڸпһˡ
īϻŲãҶһҡҡ֡
ˣīˣһˣô˼ôСءˣԽԽСˣҪš
վһ̴˵ģʱһֵͲչžһ
ʲôǣʲôģ
Ҷ͸īһ㶣㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ䣬˭ûзӦ
ܿ죬˾ܹˣŻɫ·ˣֱϴźɫı£ֵͲſ˻ĶҶ͸īһ˸ʲôһ
أǸʲôģ
Ҷ濴īǵһ飬һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
īҶ΢΢սİοû£ء
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϶ڸЬ
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ǣϵģһһŮڴģǸЬƻȿȿȣҲ֪дǲɶһǺſСɰǼǵô˵
ʱ˻Ų֣˵ǸЬվߵһ˱ץֻûɿҪҶ棬û뵽֣ͱīһĵˡ
˵˵Ҫֶŵģ
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ˣīˡȥˣҲðС
У棬ҽ֪ɡȻҵ棬ô̡
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ˣǿܡ
ҶţīҲܣȻҪܡ
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˱ͲʲôԭˣӵһҲеģɲһ˵ù죬˵ˣˣīˣҪҽҩѣܲܲɣ
οҪ飬˵Ҫ@@ŵģݼֳܹǲġ
ղûʲô˿пͷˣˣûҪҽҩѣѵ͹ˡ
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ᣬҶѹͲ֪īȥĽſ飬ʵ˺ֵġ
īҶ滹֪鷳Щ˺Ҷ棬ôĵģҲвǶҶˣеа⣬īû
ֿ
һ·
īǲ֪ԼƺЩأ¹Ҷ棬û취̹ܵȻ
ȻҪͲ
°ʱ򣬳º͵͵ĿţҶһ뿪͵Ķߺߣװʲôװ߻Щˡ


648 㵱汳

ŭûȫɢˣҶЩЦҲЦˡ
ˣīˣʲôģӦ룬Ǹô졣
ôˣī⡣
ҶŬŬ죺·ˣǲеģֻ㸺·ˡ
ī״ЦһΪʲôأû£ϵ·
·սҪģҪ·סˣô˼Ӱ
ҶһȣղŴתơ
ҲϳѾ·ˣž·ġ
ǲΪ˶㿪׷ǵ
⻰Ҷ޻˵ˣȻҶãܸīǲ˼֪Ҳʶ·ѡ
ҶϢˣīǣס֣ߡ
˻ΪǼƺȽϤ֪һƬĳھôȻˣһ˵ţͷŲ顣
ҪҶ͸īܣ֪Ѳ˵ķͱץסˡ
ЩˣôôõİҶ治⣬һƲҳݵģ
һԸīӣڵ룬˹ѾֻнûгˣЩҪҵҶҲ֡
һαܿˣҶ۵ĻʱȵĿī
ѹأⶼˣЩ˻᲻ϰˡ
īæ޹Ҷ棬Ҳ֪ô¡
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ΪָīҶֲӽˮˣԼҲʲôˣ˵ǴԽҲմ˼ˡ
´ΰ飬嶯Ƕ㿪ͺˣɱˡҶš
ʵҲǵһαôͦģ˵˶ˣûʲôˡ
ְҵ⣬ҪŪȥҲá
īԹԵͷȴ룬飬Ǹ˶̲ˣ´Σ´˵ɣ
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ҶȻܿס֡
īȥҶվȣī棬ץһЩ
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ǺХķĺҶı۾
īҶǽתƣݶ˭Ҳ뵽˰춼ĴӰΧȦߵġ
˰·Ҷӻ˯ѹһΧĻĸīļ򣺡˰ɡ
ī뱧ģһ룬Ҫһ·ϻˣ˵һֻð˷¡
һīĻҶͻȻһӾȻЩ
һ룬īס֣Ҳܿů
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īȥʱŸҴϡ
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Űɫ˯£ϴԡʪպģƺü۽Ƕŷ飬øīһӾ;ò
֣ô÷ĿЩأ
ңҡȿȡīѹͷ궯˵棬᲻᣿Ҹ㰴һ·ܡ


649 ô֤

¾һ½ŵģ˴Ļ𳵣Ȼһᣬɿ϶Ҳ۵ģ˵ղŻ˲·
ֻῴϴҶ棬īʱЩ֪ǲӦˡ
ǶϺЩϡ
Ҫɿ˿Ҷ棬ûж
Ҷ浹Ҳû룬ЦЦһߵͷһߵð㲻𣿡
Ҳۡ𳵣ôˣսü죬ϰˡ
͸ҰһɣһҲ㰴
īЦҲãֲۡȻ⻰Ķɸ
һүǣôˣͺãɲʲôƽ顣
ɳѽŴϥϣҶûоĵ㲻á
ĽŰֻΪͦ·Щ죬īһָȥɳĮˮϴŶ԰԰˵īͲĽôۣһ죬ϴź˯ôˡ
Ҫ֪ī뷨һۣǵ͵˫ꡣ
һʼļ£īûаպãҶ۵Ҫؽţܿ͵˺ʵȡ
ЩΣī˼棬ûŪɣ
ҶͷʵŪˡһŰ߷š
ƺ¸īһظۿˣ㿴ǲǶˣ
˵ţѽ̧ɷµָī
棬ҡīʱۡ
īϻۣҶ治ɾԼæҶء
ĻôҶսִ˴ԼСȣ˵㿴ֻƤ׺ѡīҲǴޣϵһš
ʵȻһʼеۣīѾܿķҶ˼øīΡ
īԣͷЦЦְҶĽ˹ȥ˵ٸ㰴һᡣ
۵ģȻϲҲġ
Ҷ˯ź󣬸īŻطġ
ʱѾĵˡ
ȸīϴڴϣѾˡ
Ҷ汻ѵʱϾŵʱ
ףһüһߴ򿪷š
ֻīһںƷ˵ʲôԱ߻׷ǵˣȻĹԱҲڡ
ϸ㼺ѹܰˡ
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ͿСһЩĹӹҶ֤ͽţ˿Ҷ棬ֵͷϸĿ˿ź֤һʹһЩģͷʾû⡣
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ҶһüЦʣͬ־ҹ˵ˣͲܵĳȥˣҲŹżٵʱ棬һܹʱ𣿡
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˭ǲÿͿսսģŮͬ־ǵûк£һֺӣʵﲻˬ
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īûطҲ֤ҹǻ˴£֤˳ַҶ淿ˣǽҶ淿֤һͷ׼˸ī
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ô֤
⹫һҪƤЦģ㻹ң
ᣬѾˣһζҪ˴ߣȥúһùϼСʱŮ˻ôš
īҶ汻ԣ֤ܿҶһû˯ͱѣʣһƢˡ


650 Ҳ

Ҫ֤ǰɣ
˵һ䣬˵īóīż⣬һ£һڡ
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īҲ΢΢һ㶣ܿһԼӣЦĳĶҶ˵𲻸ˣԣȥ˯ͺá
˵꣬Ҷ棬Ҷط󣬸īʱѾûҶʱºͣһ¾
ṫõҶĹ֤ͽţԼ֤ҲǼƽϣǿ꣬Ͻҹ
ī⻰˵һҲȻҲȷ
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¸磬侲һ¡Ĺһ߰סһߵ
ṫĻǱסĹϻһĨأЩŵù֤Լ
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Ĺǰ֤ӳ¸ߣ˫ֵݻīȻ̧ľһŵܱǸףˣе飬в֮¡Ȼûʲô飬Ǿˡ
˵꣬īɫȻ䣬ȴҲûƽϵ˼æ¸磬Ȼת뿪
һԵ˿һĻҲסˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ѵĭԸīһҪֳһЦЦֻûҵĶԸī˵ͷȻ㳶ң㣬żæŵ뿪
Ǻ޲ðȾܣµĲܵӣʵ
ĹԱԸī˵ͷֵǸ뿪
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ûҶķ䡣
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¸ҲɵôģţҪôǼйϵҪôԼƴɱģһǵġ
һëˣͳǹˣ˶ǰ
ҶǱˣݳŮˣɲģ˱ǺϣǲŽ鷳
ǵû֤ʲôҲģܳЬҲôܲԼȥĲǡ
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656 ˣ

϶һ㡣˵īƲһ죬Ǳ˹ˣ֪϶Ҫһġ
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657

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658 Ϊ

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659 ù

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660 ŪԷ

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661 һģһ

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Ҷһ󣬼˫ĶҲ˵ǿߣһ̾һ˺òãֻСȥܻȥûС
棬˵ʶһһģһ
֪ǴУԸ˶ҪЦ˼䣬ӹġ
һ뵽ҶΪ͹һ𣬸īͺ޲˹ܡ
ȻǸҶĵ׵ˡ
Ҷסˡ
ҡͷԸīĿ⣬׵ͷˡ


662 ɲ

ǣǸ˶岻һһ£Ҷּ˵ǣС׹ȥԭ򣬹ô˵ҲѰ
ôһ֪˻ܣڣɸīˡ
ҶͷһڸīȴУ̧ͷ˵ʦѡ
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ĵǸҶǩֽһ£䶯һ£һ˵ī룬ҲҪǸ
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663 

īһӾͲʹĶҶ棬죬ɳƵΪżԵø˼֣棬æʲô˵
˵æʲôҶյİ˸īһۣȻǽ鰡ôղ˵飬ѵֻһ˵
ҿɷˣ
Ҷ״赭дģҲǽŵġ
ֻǣ˵⻰ͻȻһ
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īҶһ۵ŭһæǰ˷ס
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Ҷ汩ŭīͷһŷִõ˿ڱѣѪӱ
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˿̣ĵԽԽ죬ͺһ̾Ҫһ
档ī˵ֻҶ֣һȻɵš
С׺С١ҲɵסˣôҲû뵽֤һĻ
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С׵˵ͷûĻǺܿҪɩˡ
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䣬Ҷ濴īҲӦˣæֺõЦ棬ҵ˼ǣǮþͺã˽Ǯú÷ţġ
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ҶԵĻīҲĵͷס
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ҲֻаŻô⣬ôûŰɣ
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Ҳᷴڣûʲô÷ڵġҶ˵ֿ꣬ڣǣʲôԲҵ顣
īЦæ˵Ҳᣡ棬ҵȻʲôԲ顣
ãҹ㡣Էɡ
ǿĻī˵ɼҶʾĿϵķˣֻӿʼԷ
ҶһԣǳԹ˵ģ˵Ȼӿռóġ
췢Щ࣬˭Ҳûǵⷹ˵ĳһ˲ĺɣҲֻҶȥġ
īΪ˿ãС׺С١ķ˶ˡ
ҪҶ֮ǰһЩҪΪʹùȶˡ
С׸īϴҶָҩ䣬Żط
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īˣĵͷЦͬϲӣǾɩˡ
СԣЦˡ
ֻС١ֹûбɩӣҲϲġ


664 ջϲһ

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ҲҸлл
ʲôСīֹɵһ䡣
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665 ܷ

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ҪϢãõǻ¾
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ҽԺûܺúø£һʱ䣬ܸ¾ͻҸģŬʱдԲôҾõˡ


666 ֻ

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667 ûϢ

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˭֪⻰˵Ҷ棬С׺С١϶ĵͷģǻġ
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ںҹвϵʻû˵ԵԽ
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ʲôû˵wֻǰοҶ治Ҫ̫ģҶ֪Ǽѵīһлᣬ᲻绰ġ
ӣҶÿ°ʶĿǧȻŷӦīѾפˡ
ÿһϰ࣬绰ΪǸīֻÿһζǡ
ҶС١С׿
ʣֲ֪ʲôСŬóԵķˣС١ǽʾ֭Ҷ˵һЩȤĹ¡
ҶҲ֪ǵģ඼С١ԴСķ޲ڣʱ򣬻ǰĺȲ迴顣
ʱ
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С١Ʋ죺ʲôʱý㲻ʡˡ
˵ʱԶǲӣƫԶĵһûϢ
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뵽층ī绰ӵĻͱӰļźŲͻȻϵҶ治
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wһ£ܿͺӦ԰԰ȻģҶ£ģҪǻһʱص绰ġ
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668 

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ԣܻͷ˿īû˵
˵īҲ⣬ھʣˣлҲزš
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ƿƤ˿īЦһôأﶼ֪
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ܼīû˵һѹͷŭ𣬸ī֪ЩʲôȴԸ˵
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ڶܿͷӦ˹
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669 ԭ

սУīԽϤܻξ¸īֻǣԱбץҧˣûãҲ˱졣
ùܱȽϽ˱ץҧ˵ʱ򣬼˿ںͰע⣬Ǳɥʬʱһʱ䷢֣ûճ˱Ⱦ
ʲôץȴҲҴ£Ƕ֪ЩУѪҺҲС
ܣԶ׼ЩѾˡ
ҽ֪Ѿǣʲô
֪ҲĳֲҲĳԭ֮ǸȾˣȻͱһץҧҲᱻȾ
ڹ˵ʱ򣬸īͿڷһǣ͸
ţô
īɨһ۾ƣɢΧȴʱʱĿſڣǹƺһˡ
ȳԵ㶫ǲŵҲһЩһһˣҾҲһֱⲻʲô¡
˭ܿﲻϤ磬ߴĴãҸɫȽģǴûпĳǶصͷĵӣ䣬ɳеһУǶûм
ûʣû˾þϲϾԵΣվѾ嵭˿ЩľС
һ˶ʶӸīķԸīҲûнʲôϾҲǵһۿЩ
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Ƕɱɥʬһ·Ҳף磬ӦôĹռˣĶڳ֮ǿԳá
īԵһ⳦ʱͻȻһ㶣ſ˿װȻҶİװһζƵġ
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ôˣע⵽īı飬ʵţʲô𣿡
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氡ôȥأ
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˾ͶڷżɥʬĽŲŵĵſڴè⿴۲һ£ɥʬ뿪󣬲ֿʼƻʹ㡣
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ǸīﶼǾģʹӲͻȻ磬˵飬;ܲסԾˡ
һҲù
˼󣬾ͿʼжˣϾԺޣǵýһЩѰʳҪǣصңѰܻصǱ
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ڼ䣬һԱ֪ðҧһڣȾ˲Ϊ˲ˣֻܲ˶ϡ
طĿܶûС
ʲô취˭֪ܻܲţá
û죬ٴµѰ˱ĹǳȺӵı
Ǹī͹ڣַĵֵҲһ
ҲǵĵֵԱһ٣Һɲɵģ˳ֹȦĵطһͱߣбߵĶԱϸī͹ܡ
صǱߣҲΪȦӰʧȥһּ䡣
ѯʣػصģֻ˵šˡ¡Σաȥô仰ڻҶеʱѾȥһ¡
ȻǺˡ
ʵīһܴ֮ԽΪ͹ܶܵԵʣ׼ȷ˵ǸīĿռʯ
ڶԿʱܣ˲ȶʱȦ
ûڣǱôɽоҪôתƵȥҪôκε
ҶôҲ벻ѰʱȻĴڣҸī͹ܻ͹ȥˡ
˵飬룬Ǹ쿪˵ɡ


670 

Ա뿪۹ܺ͸īôѰȦûٳֹ
Ͼûڣ˶˴֪ƣжСģҲûʲôܣȻʱչȦˡ
һ¹ȥһֱڸǻ뿪̫ԶˣȦֵʱǲ뿪
м࣬Ƕû뽻˫ֻԶԶĴ棬͸Ͻ뿪˭˭
һΣ飬īĮͷҲص뿪ҲǺ񿴲һ
˻صʱסͻȻЦʣ㲻֪ȣ
īôȥȡ
ܣ
˶ĳһĻصݸǿģҪǹȥðͷĹ
֮ǰƽ飬˻һܣβͷ˾ĳ
īûк͹˵һʼ־ˣΪͬˣôҶ浱ЩʱҲжһ˰һѣ̫
ֻǣѾҳһţȥֱٺûΨһľǸϿصǸ磬Ҷߡ
ǰīΪ˾ȹܶˣԸģȻҲû뵽ᷢһĻ
Ϊ˶һӰҶƵˣھĹУīһɥʬѾɱܸǰҲĵȥ
ȿǴָмŮ˵ģʱ˦˸ղž֣תī뿪
߱ɥʬץˣֻҪ󣬲жοīҲмߣֻҶû뵽˻ᵽԲû˵
īΪԼˣ۹ܣܲûаѸī¡
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ܴ˵ĸīĺ࣬ΪīϵѪζܵﶼɥʬ
ùǾϵߣһɥʬȼ̫ߡ
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ܶĿŸīڣΪֵĺϤ̫Ϥˡ
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Ҫ˵ֻ˵εĳ
ЦĽȴùܳĬˡ
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һһīûסԹܵĻûô
ĳ˺һᣬŲԼͬͣ¡
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ܰﶼһЩҽҩƷԵȫīı
Ϊ֮ǰ¥Ҳ¥ȥγУԹ֪ܲīĶҶ׼Ķ
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㵽ڣīҲ˵ʵùһֱš
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īĽѾˣ˭֪͸īͲ֤Ȼפء
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Ҷż֪īϢ׷ʣwʾ˻ڳûлҶ涯ܲһЩϢ
ЩûͷûβĻҶɲ
뵽ʲôֵɽ΢һͲ³ţסˡ
صɵѪεִĿռʯϺ͸īȥѪһʱ򣬿ռʯ˸ŹâΪָ˵·


671 ûҪ

ѽؿ½һֿۣ׽ˡ
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ͻȻ½Ҳû뵽ֻںϰд֮꣬ǰȥνȴǲ뿪ˡ
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ǱǱߣץء
С˳ӣɵ׽㣬ʲôء
ӣͷǣԣԣ㱿ˡ
Сɽӣ㻳㱧ˣһһ
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ҾڱҾ͸Ҷ˵ˣûľ鰡زǸء


672 ҵ

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㰡ҶȻĻشȴĸī͹ͬĸо
ī⻰ӿ˵ĸжֻûѪҺҪˡ
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ҶѸīЦĶ䶼ˣͣ¡
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ҿûԼԺõģǿŵϰߡ
ԹøīûסҶͷĺţģ𲻸ˣţ
ûҶôģҲûкҶôܡ
ǵģҲҶսĵطʹùܵĺۼ
ī͹ܲʣҶҲʡ
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Ҷû˵Լ紩ԽȥģֻҪɵĶóϤ
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īҲûҶ棬һһʮ˵һż˵һ䡣
īˣҶһӾͼˣۿЩ죺ɵҲʲôôʲô˶ȣһҪǱˣһ
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673 һ

ŸīҶ˺þãɤӻӦң˵ġ
ûʣûίģͺƽĳʲô飬ȴøīһΡ
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ĩĵһϣҶǿڸīļͷ˯ġ
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ЩɵĿŸīղҲԼһֲ
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Ҳġ
⻰ǵҶһ졣
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ˮҲҪģҶŪȻīŻջϴ軹ȱˮ
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ʵҶ汾ԲҴţҽʡһ㣬һЩʵʳҲǲԣռôණαҪίء
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675 ͻ

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ҶʱͨѹҲһЩɥʬŵĲҿ»Ǻܰȫġ


676 ̽ҵ磨֣

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