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1 
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2 
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ײײֱۣʣ㸸ĸѧ𣿡

װˣûйֻЩҪݵˣܲ԰ɡ漷üŪۡ
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3 
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ͷϯ̨ϵʮλʦеʦھͦΣȳֱǸ磬˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ǵжĩ󻹻ţϧÿһѵҲܾһʦĿƵңУ˵壬ÿѧĩأǱңᷢŵλĸС

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лҪ˵ʦжͬѧָ̾Ԥױ̫ˡ


4 
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3212ûУǿ϶УҪתѧ̶溰衣
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裬ǾͰȥǣȥָרҵ
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ˣ㱣ء֣֪һԭģԵټ
Բߡ棺һ3212ǣܴơ

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ܳѪĺܳ
лҪ˵˵õ¸֮·û˲㣬ڻˡ


5 
ǱմһҳֱѪϸצۣڵϺûʲô
ʱһɫ״Ӱշɹͣڱ޸һ꣬ƳһۣڵϵδӦλ߼һֻȥϣ޶ԡ
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3212ͻ׶ٵÿǼҵڳܻףȥҲֻȥһܡ
˾Բ3212ǵˡ
ߵһҿǽͳһȭͷСĻҾŽУѹܵ
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Ϊжˡ
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̫죬һ²Ҫһ·Ƥʮָˣڱǿ
ϴѵò״̬ĩԿԡƤ򣬡ҵ֪õAȥУһ硣
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ҾҾBӡԼһóܵˡ
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psʮ֪ܲ3212̫ԲŻֻһαҵ֪ĻᣬǺСϵѧӵеԴ֮


6 
ĩԻǰѣⲻѵġƤŶվŵѧЩ˿˵ųҲΪ굽ʮ꣬ʣ¼ʮˣҵ֪ǰǳǣúĩԣѧˣϣҶ˳ҵõԼѧʸ񡣡
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7 
ĩճ˳ŵģ䵢һʱ䣬ʱȻǵһʦ֪һٴ
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š
Сʲôʱѧ޻׵ģʦŲʵ
е㲻˼ʵǰ뱨Ԥʦģ̰˱רҵ
Ƥѹǰһֱβѵ㵽Ϊֹ൱ܡ
ΪˡƤһ

ڰһϻʵٿΣһμ䣬ٺ͸ڰϵõ˶ȥʲôܡ
ǰ͸ڰͣûʲô˹ȥסڰ߶ҫվſڴס
ܳڵ̩¹ˡ
϶ҲҫģˣҲҪӴףǵʲô
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׶ޣʵһ
ҧſ̧ۿཻԣǿǿ־ˡ
лҪ˵صĶ


8 
ֵǰʵٿʱҲһνӴսͻףȻֻһ̭BףܲǸ׿ߡ
ȣʶ׵ļҪ֣ԺƤָָǼܻɫףⲿ׼λִ򿪹ԣڲͶӰһͷӺֶ໥ƣҲζŸ֪ߵͺٿһλ׵Ҫء
ϢƤ⣬©һ֡
𣿡Ƥ󣬲֪ʲôײͻȻ򿪣˵ٶ಻Լȥᣬڰѧһһÿʮʵʱ䣬108009
ǵѧǰս+꿪ѧһվŵģʱмӴתѧѧѧ䲻ˣ˵Ȼάԭѧš
Ľؿ108009ȥܿ׹ײһ򵥵¡ʮӹȥ108009ǿûһֻţʱ䤱
УһξƤһ䡣
˻ΪƤڰοѧ½½ȥ˸ʮһ󺹣ƫƫ׻ûô
ʮѧһȥʵ٣һ絽ϣû׶һ޼޼˻϶ÿβԵǰȼBϣпܳAѧ
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Щϡ棬ǰͬѧһ顣
˱ۣڷֽ׵Ĺ죬Щ̫ס
ܻܲ׾ͺˡ
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˶ˡ
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Ƥüǿƴ򿪼ʻգͿ棬ûһ㶯


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9 
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УһʼҪһ̨׸ѧȻһڻؾ˵ܣǫ̂ףѧУҪͰţôý裿
̩һȥѧУ˵ҪѼ̨׾̨ͻףԲҪѧУһܻѧϰȻһսͻס
ѧУԥˡ
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Уԥһͬһ̨ף׺͸׵ҪѧУʦ
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ղֻ˵ѻ״ȥĻʦ죬û˵
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Ĳжиʦԥʵ㲻Bְѧ𣿡
ͷ˵ǣµĶûСóȻȹͻ׵ĸ࣬˵ȫͬϵͳ
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սͻ׵Ϻ򵽣ҲۣܡһʦЩ
ñԱȥԻصҿܲ
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ֻ˵Ǫ̩̇̄׸꣬ٸѧУĻס

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лҪ˵ߺɣ


10 
߹ʱͨһű㿴ĸʦվ棬ڻԱߵĺܣӦǴӴǹʦ
վ
ڴ̨֪ܲĻԱߵʦе㲻ͷ
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ûⶫͶĻվеԭ͸Ŀĵ롣
һɣԱ3212ѧԺʦŻĻˡ
Щɫû㷴Ӧ
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һʮǱңǮɣҷ3212ǼԶ
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֪һУҫ۵ˡЦ
ͷˣҾллˡ
˭Ҳ֪仰պӦˡ

Ħ˹Уʮζѧѣصǽá
ڼǵǮ׼ȥУѡ
Ǹۿڡ
ߡ̩ŴС֡
ߣֻһСӣûٶ˼·ȫʦĳʳ
аСʱͷˡ̩¿֪Ժʲôʱܼ档
Ƴһۣ˵Ǹܺõӡ
̩һǻ鱻µʵʵ
ʱǸ۹㲥Ѿڲȥ׶ǵǽ̩µҲת죬ȴǽ
ȥʱʮûгϢص򣬵
ܴԽǽԭû⼼ǽܿ˺ܶ꣬Щطˡ
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ҲûкôҲǴԽ̫յˡ
ɳȻ3212ǽȥҲҪһʱ䣬;һǽҹŵִɳǶŸۿڡ
лҪ˵ˣˬ
ʽǳ֮·


11 
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վɳǸۿڴΧͻȻұߴڳһˡ
ͬѧĦ˹ѧ𣿡
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ˣڻ׵ϵͬѧߡһѧһɫӺ
·ҲѧѧߣóŴС
ҲҪЩͷϴƷһײ;ߣѧУḽб꣬ǿȥԼҪĶѧһһ˵Ҹһ㡣
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12 
Ħ˹УԭĴѧֻһչҶ˸ѵ
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ǰ˽ѧ˷ʵȥ׳ǲҪˣ
һʶʱע⡣
೤ҡͷҲӦǰɡ
ķҪһԼĻˡ
ⷢ˵Լء
Ͻддȥ׳
һƬڣ󲿷鼤Ҳ֪Aʲôܡ
˱д֮󣬰೤ȥ׳ʦȻǱߵš
ʦʮֱ뺷شӱӣԼ
ȫ׼ȷ˵ÿһڶһܻףÿռ۵ɽڣһӲҴСԲ飬״Я
ͻסͻ׺ͻסʦŰѧԼʺʲô;һ֣ͬѧֻ̫ģȲѡѵйûףԺ֮Ҳһ
󲿷ѧԥûԥֱԼҪĻǰȻУǰϰֻף֪Լʺʲôͻס
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ÿһУǵѧÿ̭ߵҲǡУѧѧ㿪ʼϰףЩԼĻףԼѵ֪ԴѷûлӴAףֻ͡
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лҪ˵УȫŬѵֻڵɵˮ㣬ʱᣨƶı޴:)


13 
Ȼ˵ɳǵشƫƧȻǳ·3212ǿʮյǴСͷиսͻס
ۻң߳Уûþ߲·ɴվ·ͷ˰죬ɹÿһ
һλҳǣź·ˣСΣȻ˳ҳ֣裬ɵˡ
ҳһС죬￪
ջĿ⣬ֵߣѧУ̳һ£ɳинʲôƹҲࡣ
յѾһ߽ȥҸĵ꣬л׹ؽڵĵ꣬廨ţһҵСասһȻǸͿɫ
˰ȦԼҼְģҸ統ѧͽ֮࣬һԼ⣬û
Ķ뵱ѧͽ
ΧĹ˿ҲվԱȡЦࡢյģ˷ء
ʲô˶ռ

׹ҵмˣкܶʦ뵱ͽܡ
һҵ꣬Ͻ˺ܶ࣬ԷҪʾĦ˹Уѧ֤
ҵѧ֤򿪹ڵ֤õ
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ϳû⣬ֻ֮ǰ˵һ䣺ϧһʮǱء

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ָɺܶೡأÿһضڱһμĻױ˸λΧȺǱߡ
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һ룬Լʧش̨м˹ȥӭŷɫеȭͷϡ
һȭڵص
лҪ˵ӣѧˣ֣ѧˡ


14 
ɫһȭڵأȷе˵Լӭȭͷȥġ
Ҫ΢һˣֻ࣬Ҫһ㣬ץסܰܡƫƫɫвǣһȭһȻͷϣͼѹιȥ
ſڵϵһʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪ԼǶԷ
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˻ȫƵΪֵ֢״㳹A׺B׵B۽ϣҪǿ壬Aظ֪תˣ֮ûϣ׼ʧء
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ٷͬĴתܡ
ΧȺڿ̨ɵһ׷Ҹϣ̷Űۣһȥ̨
һܣһŻף֪ڵȺˣʱֻſĻͷһۻںķɫУҺҲУǮòʧ֡
бܡɫڱ󺰵
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ܳ
Ȼȡͷɫ԰׵ؿڣղһ
Ͽʱʦ˵ģҵʹòҪóɰٷ֮٣ܵ˺ʹڰٷ֮ʮˣղ磬һ̽ŵϢлʹ಻ѡ
ַԻײϤŻмƣ𣿡
ϵϢŷӦַ
´βǻ׻ɵ¡
ˣûôӴAףΪһǰʦֻҪݣȻ벻һȫϤʲôͺŻ׶ܷɣֻͻأʱ䲻׶Աȣڲɡ
ԼȸԼ˶壬ΪһֱֻܵļһʱɱӮһ֡
ּpk֣ȻûӮ֣ҵ
һпҪϣԼô
ַԡ
ûߣûסϢǳģ
ַǰ3212ǣʱȥ档
ΪʲôԻôϤ⵶ͱҲõúá
ַAӸ֪׺ֻҪٸϣͺԼһӦС
Ҳǰںڳѵ̨ܽģǲŽӴףЩСûϰ˿϶вࡣѡ⵶ͱӣΪóþǮ䡣
֮ǰαǸγ̣ҲΪṩҩԴѡġ
ûʲôϲϲֻҪ˾ͳ֣
лҪ˵ڼּʡǮС֣


15 
ģѵҡͼݡϸ񶷿ΡѧУÿһ춼ŵĺһ㶼˷ѡʳûôȥȻӪҺΪ
Ϊи룬ҪԼһ̨ףʡʡ
⼸뾭һѵڰ棬ʵĩһѵ𣿡
ҡͷĩ¡
Ҳ⣬һ£Ҫȥϳ´ʦ𣿡
ԣҲҪȥ
ǣҸһʦѹ˵´ʦ̳ڲиAʦа棬ǵһ
ôʱѡѹûʦ˭
ͬ鿴Ҫõѧ֣ѡ㻹Ƕ౨ſΣѧֲѧҪѧˡ
ԼļƻֵţԺټӡ
Ρ
һȥͷֲ̫ԾȫԴϿεѧֻһõǴĦ˹УĻס
˵Ħ˹УĻײãֻѧУ׵ѧڴںͻĥڣʵܻǿ
´Ƚһ̨УͳһƻףĿҲ
Ӧ֪ҡ´ȿǰѧҽܾˣ˽ףǰУÿһʱ䣬һһ
źöӣٿػǰУԿóѡڿεѧл붼С
ں棬ڻײڿţһԺģ
ʱͻ⣬´Ȳٿػףѧ
ԲۣǸѧæңʼϹ䣬ǹڶ׼´ȣһ뱻´סӵһȥˡ
ѧˣȫ֪ʲô
´ȿһλѧ
Ǹѧսսʼڳ´ûٶɼÿ
ʱ䣬´ʱը.ѧҪǼһһǰ
ں棬ֵ̧İӣֻһʱ䡣һӰŤͷһȻǳ´ȹ
Ψһֵҵǳ´ûпǹ
ͼĹʦʦһȭͷѾԴϡ
֪ԴͬʱһΣڵǰó´Ȳע⣬ֳ̧пһǹ
кġ
ע⵽Сĳ´ȣʲ
˶һ֣ÿ˵ĳɼˣȥǰ漸˶ԼˮƽӣһܵӰ졣
ɼۣҲ⣬ԺþС
һߣܵӰ죬ʱʲôÿǹĻÿ´Ŀɨѧҽǵĵһ Ρ
´˲ǰ壬ȥյӣмӳ֣վԱЩѧ
´ȵǹûһѧܶù˭ȫ顣
ѾˣÿһλױУ絶ʣЩҪǮȥޣ
һҪӣһ߻ҪԽǰԽôȥǱҶ޻׵ġ
һݣٿػ̧־ͳ´ǱȥûУ´ȶ˹ȥ
ͬѧǣȳʦɲˡǹȴûֹͣ´ȡ
ѧͳ´ȶˣ
һʼȻû˸ңҪ´һѻ׼Ϳʼٿػײ䵽ͬѧߣ޹ǣѧ˦ţƤǣֻҧŶַ
һжܿͻ󲿷ѧʼ´ȣǹʵ
´ȵŪȺСӣֻҪֻúͣ
ܺá´ȴӻڳ쬵
ллʦ佱ų´ȡ
´ȣ
ѧŤͷһȻղʦ鲻ãò˵ַζ
ʵеڣһʦԺԼǾ͵òʧˡ
ǵþʵûܵˣٻǮ
ѻպãͷ߳ȥ

˺Լ̧֣ͷվѵ档
ѵ
һԷǰûˣ㲻𣿡
Ťͷֿʲô
棺Ҳô˵ǲһ𳤴С
ƳһۣСԷ𣿡
󷽵룡
˲ʳȥʱʱ̲סʣôĦ˹ˣ
ҵ֪ﵽAܽУĦ˹УأҺϲԾˡ
ҲôĦ˹УиëƲ졣
죺𣿡ʵ˵Уëѧѹ󣬻ûϢ
ƽͨԺȽ⣬۹ȨƵ̫࣬Ѷ˵ܶƷСָ㡣
һ䡣
һļ꣬ϲ
ͦѾݳĵĽ棬ˣ
泤̾һʱ䣬תרҵȥʣҵÿƴѧϰõһر
߽ʳãò޶ëһѲˣһҪԱ
ƽʱ㶼ôࣿľӲˡ
ࡣȷʵԵö࣬Ҳܰ
һᣬ̧ͷܻˣüоղп̽Ŀ⣬Ҳֹһˡ
ôˣ̧ͷʡ
ڹ۲ǡ
Ȼû£ֻǺ档
üʲô
ֲľȫ֪ϰʮΣָָԼұϵɫУգңָӡ
šһ͡
УָӶٵģ˲šͦͦţң˲е˲ţ
һڷˣɿŽ棺㣿
ŵͷңΨһSָ˲š
һ䣬ĳԷѹ˽Sָ˲ŵ壬к޲
Եòʱ׼ֿʱ˫֣ǰرϤĿ⿴ģҲļƻҲκ͸¶
üҪʲô˼
ӭһ꣬ĿڽŵϣϽ۾̸
濴꣬ܣӦɺӣʦҺѡ
Ӧɺ˵ͷûнϣһA׵ѡ
뿪֪ΪΣǸһͷӦɺӣһˡ
лҪ˵Բ棺Ǹ˺ӣĦ˹УһĿģ


16 
ĩһ, ڳȥûӪҺΪľȥڳѲ͡
Ա, 㿪ʼpk, Ҫչһٻ, L1
һѵϤڶAһ˽, ٳӭŶԷȭͷȥ, ߽ŵ״򻬵, L0ֹ, ʮֺܿӮ֡
ϲͷԽսL1ʸѡսǣ񡣡
ְ죬ѡԽս˿ۻֲǮ, Ҫʵս, ӮһǱң
065̨ͷvsӮˡ
ܿ, Ⱥ, 065̨ϻ˱, ڳϢһ̨L0L1̨ǹ̶Խ̨, һĻϵ̨, ܿ, ƻԽʧܡ
ģͷ㿪ֵ, ӮǸL1, ָڳη, ȡĺǷ
ʱѵѡ׼̨
ĻͻȻʱôһ仰
ף065̨Ҳʱ̨Ļ죬ɫһ֡
ˣôʲô
һ̨Ӯ˾ͷôһ䡣

һҾȥL1˱ʱ䡣
һL1ֶһԴ󲿷˶L1Ӯ˾ͲٽL0ԽսȻ˻±L0ӮһL1׼ȥμL1pkһˡ
Ŷһһܸʱ䡣
Ӯʲô˼Цһǵÿûˡ
˵䣬ʼ
Ӯ˵Ļͻף죬ǿ˻տʼڿڱ׼񹥻
Ҫǰһ˵ֽţ´ȴһӾܶԱ֮֮𣬿ȥģѵһϡ
ģѵ趨˷ܼĿĵءһֱ棬ɸӣʱǽٷְʹȥ˯ûô˯á
ٶλѹûµģ´ȺģңӮ˵Ĵ򷨾Сӱǹ䡣
һ߶Ĺһһ뷨
ɳǺ󣬶Ըֻ׶۲Ǵûᣬ̨ϾиͻףҲ˶ԼĻ׽и죬̨ϰǻײأ
Լֱš
Ӯ˵ĹһɨԷ̣䵹¡
ӮֱӵڵϣҪʱͻȻҰǰѹϣס˫֡
Ӯ¶һЦֲܹ׼ϻڣôľ룬ֱܰԴ
Ȼһ룬סˡ
Ϊһֲֻڡ
ӮһʱãУһҲˡ
ʲô뷨ַ죬Ͼģ飬һַǱ׵ķʽٽȤĲλøɸɾ
𵽺棬СİӮ˲˳
ײͻȻ¶Ӯˣ
̨ΧȺڣ
м״㶣ϽͷԽɹ
Ӯ֮ǲٶֵģеź֣´λڶսһһȽϺá
Ӯ˲֪ǲ̫ܵ󣬰ԼĻպþͻ겻뿪ˣһݻû˵
̨ǱҺͻֱ㵽֣˳㻹L1
û߳ȥֵpkһʱ䣬ܶͶ
峡׵ıԽƣ۶ǿֻҪ׾ܱ޶һƬȤѾӮˣһϵӦL1бȽѡ֣ѹŴúܲҡ
ⶼվǽġ
ղŶĵطɣͷеǱ
вΧ۵ˣͶа̺۵˱ҪǳŰ̺ġ
ͷе˼Ȼƻ̺۵Ļס
ףҿ˱ϲƻ˻ס
˭ܲƻף
˼GҲ˵塣
ƻ˰̺۵ĻףԷԽԽء
ڻײ̲סһѪûͣŻ׶̺۵Ĺ
ܿᷢûнɫԽԽ侲ٿػ׵ٶҲԽԽ졣
̨
ϲõڶʮʤ
ţһӮʮ
ʵ϶ǿ˵L3ߡ
Ļ׻ԭʼףû졣
̨Ϻɫһ޳Ӱɫߣ˻ף׼һ·Ա̨ʱĿͣ˼롣
ջ뿪ȥһ̨
̨ϵİ̺ԽԽ꣬ԷСǿһ˶ģԽԽأƫƫԷԽԽ֡
̺۴˻ҲûأԭL1Ľս֣Զ̨طޣһøצʵڣֱֱ׼
ʱ̨һͻȻвõԤСһĻ̫ˡ
ȻһӲŻĸצڵĹȻ󡭡ѸײڶٶȲ˰̺۵ڡ
ûⳡĹڣ
̺۱Ӯ˷Ӧܶ࣬צӹҪŪ
ȻøצõǺڳԭʼףʲôûУֻһ˫ȭͷڶ˸װá
̺ۣûƵ̺󣬷һԷ
ٶ̫죬ûӦôƹȥģһżأ̺۴Żֱſڵء
ٿػ׽Ųڰ̺ۻϣѶԷĸצˣ̺ۻڵֿһȭͷϡ
̺۶ʱ˹ȥ
ϲͷõʤǱx20000x100
Ӯˡ
һջ׵ʱĶڵѪأٱƱҪȥޡ
ûʵ׶ãû׾ҪǮޣһǮԶһ㡣
зʡһҪúʵ
ǲټˣȥʳһѶ֮ҵһĻԸ޻ס
ҵһά޵꣬Լ׷ų޺ҪǮ
ƤɨһۣʮǱҡ
ʮ򣿡̫ˡ
һޣ˿ĻףһкڳŻݣۡ
Ҳܹ᲻á
ֻطָָǧǱô
ۣǧ߷ء
ǧܲĹã
ԣ´ûëɣûǮ޻Ǿȥ뼯Ű˷ʱ䡣
ʣǧ⹤𣿡
Ҫʲôߣ
˼˵ά޼䣬ѻ׼ؼطޣֻǧǱ˶Լϡ
Ա߿ţǿϷȻ¶ԵĿ⣺Ȼ޻ס
ס
Ҳ̾⵹ǡ
˶Բٵһ²ۣ˻L1ʼףҲҪӸȻѹŴ򡣡
Ҳ룬ղŽ۲һһͨذ׾Ҫ߰Ǳҡ
֪ǲǸղһ²۳˸飬ǰһϱޣ޺ã˳㣬ǧǱҡ
˵ҪѶϳڵıù㿴ܲޣ̫ܲ
ģٽ϶ǰãһ㶼ֱӻ¯졣
ҵҪһƬڶϿڴӺá
Ӻú󣬵ͬ鿴Ӧǿá᲻ڹ;ϵǾѧˡ
л֮󣬱̨ߣpkԿL1ı
ϵģ̨ȻȻ죬ÿһ̨վűĻףҲվڣм̨¹ࡣ
ֵǸ̨ȥ̨ϵ˻û¹Ѿ쳣̧ͷűvs2jk

ǸL0ʤһٳˡ
ʱ̨λѡ̨׼ʼ
úÿԷһ񣬶Ѿ̨߳
һ붼á
Ǵ˵еĸ


17 
ϲʤ41
һɹ̨ѹ, 뿴λôڿ˸
ţƣƵٳˡ
ٶһʮɡ
ʮ
ӮʮԵõǱ, вĽˮ, ҪҲⱾ¾ͺˡ
Ȼǳһʮ, һ³ѡpkȺû, ȥһ̨
תȥʳһ̳Ե, ׼߳Ա߿, Ѿ¸̨
ӸȺƶ, һнһУſûȤһ
L1ûһܴ
ôೡԽܵˣôܴ, L1, 벻ͨ
ʳ, תϢ˯, ׼pkǮ

ڶȥpk, Է׶һ鰼ȥȱһ, н䱸˺ܶࡣ
һ㶼, ûʵûǮ
ʮӺ, Է겻£ԼĻףɵ̨ϡ
ą́ǰһ, ָв
ɱ, Էֱӱ̨ϡ
ԽԽ, ͣزμ̨ϼֵĶֻ֣Ҫܹ͸Է·滹Ӯ׼ĩӮʮۼǧֺܹԽս
¶֣Ӯ˵ʮų󣬼pkأ289̨ͷvs

̨ʱΧں̨ϵĲжܼȻΪ
һٳܼܲʤأĿԴ
桤㲻㡣
ǲһлн
һаɣ׶ûõġ
¹²ز²⡣
ͬûнйĺɫվ̨ϣͻףһƱӣͻס
һʼȶȻǳһнġ
ٶȼ죬ȻȻߵ㣬һ˲䣬ѾˣٶȾȻһ㲻
ζ㿪̨¶ʱ壺С
ײĿƵpkϣͷ֮ǰ̨Ǹˡ
ָɿڲٿϻ׶ʱͬȰӽԷצ״Ҫץסֱۡ
Բۣ
ӦʱѾץסҪ˦̨ϣԸٶȰԼֱжˣͬʱԶ
ڳ׵ݣʱʵʱѾգղٶѹǽ׵ܷӵ˼£̫ˡ
ײڵͬһ˿ȣ֪ͷȻֱ۲ˡ
δܵӰ죬һȻԻ׼µٶȿ
ԽǽԽ侲еǺܿ죬Ѿһô׼
ĻָѾĻףٶȼ»ۣ˹ȥ
̨µĹѾˣѾֹУÿһǶΪͷҪƫƫͲôһ
ۿ˿Լֿ֣ͷٳʱ顣
ԲԲۣ
˲֪Ѿˣÿһڽ׵۷״̬
ô˫һֿ쵽ģٲٿ壬ͬʱ֪һȫɢȫ
һ˲䣬֮Ȼһֹƽ⡣
̨¹ڿ̨Ͽ쵽ֻʣ²Ӱܻף˸į
ﵽһٶʱüڳȻԻȻL1С
ԽԽԾܾöԽԽأȫԼ֮ܳء
һץסһȭײñϣʱûǮ޻ףһòǱң۵һٻ֡
мͷһӳ̨һ䣡
հͷΪֵ
ҲɧˣǸոջ˷֣ͷ뿪̨䣬ʲô£
жӮӻڳ̨ͬף˳㿿̨ѻֱߵˣ£
ԷͻȻ䣬ֻܲʱ¡
û£Ǵ򲻹㡣̬ѹں档
ʲôܳ
̨ɫϣȻֹĵУղŻûж֡
һֱûػΨһֻǰԼֱжˡ
Ҳ򲻹붯֮Ȳ˵Ӯ׿϶ȥޣ
ͷΣȷԷ˵Ļǲ뱩¶Լʵ
Ǽһºѡ
ûܾڳԼͨѶӦãԼˡ
㻹𣿡
ȡ
Ħ˹УŽҪǰϻȥ
˵ͷϣлܱһ
뿪ıӰԭǸսӡ
ûõ㹻֣Ҳ⣬ûѾң졣
ѧУǰȥһʳڿڴְװģ뿪
û취ʡһ췹Ǯ

µһܵһ죬ͱʦе칫ȥˡ
Ŀαҽͽ͡
ʦѿγŵ̫̫ʺҡ
ǰһϵѧԴˣһδְ࣬ѧԾðһѧңαɾˣ
ﻹڿءָſαϵĸ񶷺ΣƽʱҶȥģѵ
ģңģɿôϿΪ͵
뾭һȥܵ£
ѹѡڿΣѧҪõ
ԭҪѡεֻѡʡʦ
ͷѧ뿪лǲþͷɨĿγ̱ͻȻǳ´ȴ
´ȵһֱAеͷˣУν̣ѧҲ㡣
ûɴȥҳ´ǸͷѧΡ
´ȸΣΪʲô
ҴһA࣬иѧϿΣôżɽ
´ΪһAѧʣʲô
Ǹͷڵһſαյģѡ͸񶷿Ρ
´һ֣üͷ˶ȷʵǸͷ
˳飬һڿξó´۴ͷ±쿴С
ڿǹңѧǹҡ´ǽڻҵĿΣʵǲ
ǹ㡭𾪣ѧ
´ϲŭ⣬ЦѧҪЩѧΧǲȫҡ
ĸ־ٶͬȷʵƤ񡣡
ƤҲãѧУֱѧ̫࣬ǳԿ´̾һˡ
£Ĭһ᣺Ǿͺãź
λʦƤں̩Ƶ
Ҹ˵ǵ۹У˶̫ˡ̩һ˷ܣȥ֮ǰݲ١
𣿡
㿴ѧУS̩ϵҫģţƲ
Ŷڱܻףһ̨ɫͬӥһ㸩£Ųɵֵ֮ɫ׹ȥɫнƮƮ˼㻯ơ
S
ĿܻϣA׼ֱͬһ㡣
SףҸ˵ÿһܶǮѻģһרʦ̩ӣͻȻ˸Уȫ硣
¾ޣԺǮҰһܡ
㣡̩ȫţAܣS֪ʲô˼𣿡
治֪ͼûйS׵鼮
ҶͨѶһ㶡
¿θϹһȥģңվԭزһˡ
ع񣺡ѧУS𣿡
ֿһۣȻУʦõľSס


18 
ʦSף
ڷӦǲǻS׵֮ǰ˵ԼSָ, ûϣָֻϵʲôʱֶһֵȼ
һѾǾУSױSʦSָӡ
һֱ̫, һʼ͸Һʦ, ֻһç, ԭʲô֪
ǳȷʵԴԽӲƽȵ⣬ѧУ, Ὺʼ˽, ƴѵ, ÿ϶ҪУ, ԸѶϢġ
֪ʦİϢˣôSѧУôöʲôȥˣ
A滹иSʵ
ƽʱУ𣿡ұ֤ȫУֻһ˲֪A֮ϻS
䡣иϰߣֻ뿴ĶʦS, S֪Ļ׵
, 볯Χ˿, , ԭʦֻSѧ, һЩ飬Ա·ŵAˡ
ҲΪʲôó, ѧܺôԭ, ҶSʦżĽ̬ȡ
S׵мࣿ
룺SؿɼĴܲ, ѧУ꼶ղһ࣬ǻǾδͷˡһS׵

棺Sָأ
һ, SʦҲֻһԥ, Ȼ׵Ҫ󡣡
һ, 벻ô
еǸSָӣ˵ǳġȻͬǳԼȴֻһͨA
š
ţ
뿴һ㶼ȵоԼûпյλÿֻҲܳSָӣ㲻ҳˣҲǸǳSָӣһΡ
ָҪֹۣ޷ָӵҪԭ֮һûӦԴѻ۽磬һָӣSָӡ
ͦǮġƽȫմҵ񶼱¢ˡ
֪棿ʵղS֪ˣȻ֪Sָӵ֡
һҶ3212ˡ
룺3212ô
֪ԼʶѾA֮ϡ
˵ܲS𣿡˼ʵڶSȤ
ܡ벻A֪Ļ׵S׵ڲҪˡһϣͻᱻӴݸǣղˣӾͻ𡣳Ǹ֪ﵽSܹЩݡ
𣿡ŽϱȥʱϾ͹һǵҲûʲôͬҪܸ㵽ֿһ
ѵˡ뺰һģѵңԺԼУ֪ˡ
ûкһѡѵģʽˮ
һģ磬еˮѹһ̶ȵķˮѹʱޣڶʱڣģ񣬼а㡣
Сһ죬ˮ¼ʲôȶף۲к㣬һһ
ģѵѲʦڴ͹ǰԴһѵҿʼԷĳѵҳ⡣һᣬĿͣһѵϡ
ĿˮѶȣǣǣʹУ100%
ʦҡҡͷ֪ĸSѧѵˣҾȻʹᵽٷְ٣ôðSеһ
֪ԼͷΪһǰʦʮֲϲ˵飬ϲʵеó飬ģ磬ȫԣԼǿ֢ܴľʹѹ֪ζʲô
ܻһ㶯ο˼ΣֻҪ΢ˮͲ֪ڵȥˡ
Ū˰죬ŻжʮɴҸλſã۲Χ㣬һȥ
ȻʮЩͻȻʼҴڣΪǱԼտǹ˵ô˻жʮ
ѵе򵥣и뷨ȻͷƤһ顣
ŤͷȥһѪѾҧ˹
ܳ
궼ûˣһ˲ҵpkĸои֪׶ʱڵñȺ㻹졣
ǣ
ѪںݺҧϣŸղҧУ˴ء
һ㣬濴Ľ壬ִס
⻹꣬ͬ͵Ĵ˹Ŀȫ

ƴΣ󣬶ֶ㲻ˣβֻܼͣһʱƲô׼ǰ˲١
ǹֻʣ¹⵶ͱӣʱӿ϶òˣԼ
ֻù⵶ˡ
ŻСƣڵһ㸹£һѹ⵶Ӹ
һʮʮ
Ȼ󡭡⵶оˡ
ɵۣʲô㣿
㱻ŭĴͬʱ㷢ټ˺ҧ
סȥ·⵶Ҳˣֻܿ³ʱˮѹĸԽԽء
治ת
ҪôҧǿƳҪôڱҧǰȫա
ڿһֿܼҪʵˡ
һᡣ
һ𹥻·Ҳ·󣬾һ𷴶ᣬ
ʼרǱҲǳصģһһҧһֻŶҧˡ
һƣüһ𹥻Լһ׼ӻҵĺ㣬֮ʣǹ׼ȴߡ
ʮˡʮš
ĬŻкѾȱĻףŬŴ㹥
ǻᷢÿһζA׷ӵ˼£׷ϰ
Լֻ֪ԼҪɹˡ

ֻʱһѾҧ˹
顪
ϲͨسɹ
һǹ㡣
ȻģͷԼ¡
ղҧףһͳأҺֿ졣
ĸܣҲûȥģѵѶȣǼѵȥ
ѵ꣬Ƿǽģһģ˸
ζܣе¡
ʦ522ѵҡߵſѵ
ѧУģѵһͳѧʹʱ䣬պѧ֡
ʦջѵڴǰǼ̧꣬ۿɫ԰׵
šͷ
ѵξϰˡʦЦЦʹܼ˵ǱҲߺͻ׵϶ȡ
˵ӳԼֶˡŶˡͷû˵ȵȸָо
һŲһߣͼɢע
֪ʦS׳ʲôں뿴ܲ𿪾͸ˡ
žͲˡ
̫һԼĻˣԭƻǮһAףڡSס

ʱҪȥʮһˣѧѡУӣϣܼǰϵˡվڽ̨ϣŵѧ
ֶ˼䣬޷ҪѧץһʱϰҪ͵Ŀ⾯ԵؿĴͷδǸͷҲڿ
οȴо̫ԾϸһͷڶϵĻǶ˵Ĳǡ



19 
֪Ժ͸߼໥, ӵS֪˿ԽӴҵԼҪĲԿơ
һ۾ʦվڽ̨ϽΣżѧ⡣
͵ǽ, Ť, ڴΡ
AõĻʦ, ΣǽS׷, ͼȫûⷽϡ
û뵽øϵѧSص⡣
Sʦξ͸ˡ
ڸʲô
ӦɺüŶڴǽ, Զ㿴˹
ͷӦɺ, ʼû˭, ͷż֡
һסӦɺӵ죬ѹһڴ£ֵܣ˵
̨ϵʦûвڼ֪УǰλΰĻʦֱģǴĦ˹УǰһִģóͻףȺӵĴʦ
ýζֻѹӦɺӱס졣
Ӧɺ𾪵ôң
оһλSʦԺѧǰĻϡʦ̾ǺܿҪУӵĻ, ԴһҪŬ, ܵӡ
һҪSʦѧ, ԺתרҵҲ޼, ѧû׵, ȥڳǮԼס
ʦѾ˻ҲʧȥȤɿӦӣ뿪
ӦɺӼֱ뿪Ҳûнͣջ׷ȥվס
ͷֿ£
Ӧɺӣղʲô
·ղôӰʦΣ´βҪôˡԴǷܡ
ӦɺӱһҵĹ𾪣һʱԭأ֪ôظ
ûעӦɺӣ۸淢ϢѧУǸSʦ˭
ҷƣ㲻ǼӦɺӰʲô
ַ
Ϊûס৷ӦɺӵƬʳһ໥ܹ

̧ͷӦɺӣԣͻȻһĨЦղſЦӦͬѧʲô費ҪҰæ
Ӧɺüűȷ黹ˣ߿
ֱӵͷߣֻúͽ淢Ϣ
ַҺӦɺˣϵô
ҷƣаɣżϿΣʲôˣ
ַղڻʦΣӦɺͻȻҸʲô˳΢ûעִ硣
ҷƣţӦҲֱ֡
ַӦôˣ
ӦɺǱ˽S׵֪ʶ
ҷƣȫܵľӦˣǼ岻SʦָʦţӦ˳ĽӦɺӵĳӦ˶Ǽ崫ͳ˼ܵ
ַӦɺһͷëëڲڵģԲ̫ӦòǼǳˡҸǳԶٷһ¹ϵԺһ⡣
𳤷𵱳Ǹڷ꣬ͷǺܺÿ
ҷƣԷû⣬ܻܲ⿴Լˡ

˵ҪԷڶͰźˣȻʳá
ȥʱӦɺѾˣԷһ
Ҳԡ˱͵ӦɺǰϵרŹ˵Ǹٷ롣
Ե㣬̧ͷҺʶô꣬һԷһ٣ɺһҪԵ㡣
ý˵٣ɼж١
ӦɺŤͷһʲôĿģ
Ϊؿһ㼸ڻ׵⡣֮ʣУ˺ܾãҲû׹ðʦϵѧ̳ʹϧûʲôҪĴ𰸡
׵⣿ʡӦɺӲС۵ˣмнߣ⣬ͽԺҪһȥ
ô˵ҲͳӣԼ¼ⷭӦɺӿ
Ȼ۸񲻹󣬵ʵ屾ӵ˼٣ӦɺӶ࿴һۣϰߣһҲ
Ӧɺӿʼķűӣϸɫ𽥱ࡣ
ЩⶼǹA׵⣬ӦɺӵȻóؼЩںҪSõ֪ʶԭش
Ҫ˵㣬Ǵ˶A˽Ȼ͸ȴS׵ıԵ
Ӧɺűӣ˭ʵģ
üʵġ
ӦɺĿֱϳɫĻ£˲ţһ׵ʻʦص⣬˵ȥ˭Ҳšʦ˫ޣԼ
ס̧ͷ˵һ䣬и˵ģܴܺ
ӦɺȻţͱ⣬˼·Ȼϣмʶ
رι̡Ӧɺһӿ벻һڻ츳ôȥ˻׵ϵ
֪űӣ˵ˣʱŵɢֻʣ档
ñڱд˼֣һпΣһлˡ
Ϊʲôڻ׵רҵ뿪Ӧɺʽ档
ֶֺϣԼԭ򡣡
һһָ߳ƫƫΪĴѧһƽӹ׵·
ôЩѾԲһĹ
ˣ˵ȥǵðܡѵ
Ӧɺü䲻⣬ŵҲǶˡ

һӽ˺üڻԭ⣬쳣ãѵʱͷ㡣
˱Ҫ˯ʱ䣬ģѵңڻǾѾľˣҲۿɼ
һڳ´ȵĿΣһӪҺȥϿΡ
ʱͼ۸ӪҺ̫ȫṩֿʼͷۻסѵϣֻ´ԹӪҺ
һ֪ܲûн´һɫѵѧΧܴҵӶܴ󣬸ҶҿǹʦٸᣬڿεݾǺҵ
أ´ͣ࣬泯ǰʵ
ʦҾò̫áͻȻоԼصǰƤԵʱ򣬻еʦˡ
´תﲻã
ǹۣ˵ʦ
Աѧ˸ۣδ̫ˣϳ´ʦһǹ߲˵ʦ
´תתָ̧ô񣿡
̷ϣʦ˼ˣѧ״ƫһ˵ʦͲá
´ȵ˵ͷ˵ĶԣԴһǹ㡣
ҲأֻһСѧ
´ˣףѧһһŶӹȾ䣬һ׾Ӯ
ѵΧȫˣֻʣ³´ȺŶӽѧ
ʼѧηηȿǹ´ȺһǹḺֱ́ˡѧѧˣΪǿһű㶯֡
Ȼѹг´ȣϡ
ѧһһȥֻһо
ôˣpkȻûһ´Ȼ׵ġ
ܴ򵽳ʦ𣿡ѧ˴ıʵ
ԱѾ˵ѧҲ˹оȻһ˿ϣ
ܰɣͦġ


20 
´Ⱥվڶ, ֵָָˡ
ͬ͡ѧС
ֻҪһܴгʦǾͲ㶪
ײգ, ´ȵӵ˹
Χ۵ͬѧѾʶס۾, , ȫûһܴġ
˿쵽˼ӵȴĹ켣, ٿػײһת, ն㿪, ´ȵӵһ³, Ҫе·
´ۣ˷ӵ˵ѹ㲻ƫƫȻһԤУԼ䲻ǹֶصУȹ´Ρ
㲻
űƽӵÿһӵҪλϣƣӵڵ
ײյޱ飬һ˲·ģУӵ·ǰһй, , ·һ
Ȼ㲻ӭȥ
̧ӵ, ֱӶϳ´, ˫ӵڿжײը, ûѰ·͵һ㿪ӵ
һ˿Ҳֻһ˲¡
㿪ˣ
ԱΧ۵ͬѧ𾪿ٿػ׹һԣڷӦʱ´һѾʼˣͬ㿪Ȼ´ͬʱ䣬ӵ
һӵײйڵš
ײڵ쭵£һǹǹֻüƿһߣƻ׵һּŤƶ㿪ӵ
ֻǵһҪó´ȴȴг´ȡ
ͬʱ´ȿǹȥҪȷסĹơ
顢顪
ǹϥ˲䱻Уֱӡžعء

ˣ̫ˣ
ڵϣо´֮ǰڶԼ档
һλ´ȵ
ͷβ´ȵĻ׾ûŲһ
˻ףѾ³ͬѧվһ̾
Ҫ˵ʦAеħء
ղűֱǿƵóʦôǹ


һ ʼѧԭʼ׵ʲôڶȻ򲻹´ȣԱǿ
ûոԼôǹģûӦҡǹԼײȥġ
漸ѧÿ붼ûסȫ´ϥǡ
ˣϡ´ȴӻײڳЩѧĿͣ˼룬ʦҲAȣֻǾ顣
ͷԼĹԣѵҵĴĻϸôеġ
ղѧͳ´ȵĶԻȫ¼ͶڴĻϡ
´ȵĹʽֻһ֣ѧһ˵ķʽȴٳ̶Ŀ
ÿѧԼʱ޲ôضȥǺʦԻǳ´Ű˴͡
´ȷһѧ¼񣬱һָԷڵ⡣ȷŵ¼ʱͣԼΪʲôᱻһУ
Ϊ̫ˡ
´ȴڴȲָ˶ѧʱǷѵ
ڶη·ߵӵΪǷ·´ɨһۣ̫ˣҵӵѾˡ
˵´ȷų¼ٷһ顣
ƵУȲ㿪һǹǹײ´ȷӵõ·ߣһ´ӵƽ·ȫλʱݣиطܣǹıǸλӵһŤƳȥ
ѧжν˭һ˲˹Ȼ׼жϺͿƣӮˡ
ƫƫϵAħ´ȡ
Ƶг´ڵڶַܼվԭ빥ֱײβöӵ
ԲۣҲУ
иѧûסðһ仰˵ڳ˵ﻰ
´ȸѾԤ⵽һһ壬߶㣬ֱӳӵײ
ô̶˲䣬˼´ȴôࡣ
̧ͷƵ˫ϥڵϵԼòһ£ģѵڵͨѣҲޣʵе˲ͬ
A֪ļ¡´ɨһȦѧָָ̧Լͷܡ
ѧ⽲꣬Ҳϵò࣬´ȱ뿪ǰס
ѵ´֮ǰ￴Ŀγ̱ȷʵѧգڶϿΣԽɿ죬ղŵĶԻܸܿϹһͨ
ˡ
´ȵͷŬѧڵУһʮϯһϯ
УӡΣһֱû
´ȼɫãȻΪûţУĸ꼶һѡΣ죬һʱأ漸ȫܸ
ѡУӡǮ𣿡ԥʵ
´ȣ
¶Ϊ֮ɫУÿѧУѲߣûκδ
˿̳´иһ仰ÿһͷ󶼲Ųѧӡ
һһѡȥУĽУӡ´ƤЦⲻЦÿѧУܱѲߡ
˼һᣬʣǡȥУӮ˻н𣿡
´ѹԼֵĳ嶯ûУǹغǾУ֮
ȻǴĦ˹УѾܶûԡ
ľվǣ´ȱ˱۾ߣԿۡ

Σо֪ʶǱ󣬵һħ̳·ֵ̳
ԴӽУٵԿĶ˺ܶ࣬һεǽơҵħ̳ۼǵĻʦᷢͽ˿ѧ
ؼһ㣬õ룬˵޷ƽ⣬˶泩Զõı˷Լʵеݡ
ϲ̳ư飬ƴףȻģʺûǮײϵˣһ񫡣
ưݽṩԿɹõޣɨһƴһֲڵķͻףϵˡ
ǳ˵㣬ЧܴﵽʹֵЩԭ磬ѾԣټѧһЩԼĶš
ŹϵģͿãַ̳ϡ
˯֮ǰճһԼʲôʱܷơ

ħ̳ưʵţĻʦ﷢ԼƣѧϰĶһЩӣĶҲҲ̶á
ͬҹӦɺӵħ̳ΪѧϰǷɴԡ
ѧںշ˹˹ҪʼˣҪƳһ׹ʦָãֻSûôơ
̳شһЩ򵥵⣬
Ӧɺ̧۾һֲֻСĻư顣֣ҳ棬׼أȴ·һƻס

ӦɺӵĵһӦ
ưǰûûмôĻףһ˹ǣֵֹ̣֫Ķо߰ʲô߰Ķϼˡ
ܻ̫󣬳ӦɺӶ˲٣뿴ܻ׵Ӧá
ħ̳ƻƷԶɿԴԴ˶ء
ӦɺӰܻصԼԣӵһֽ̨ϣ׼ܡ
ּֽרڲԹƳĻܣSõĲϹڰüֽǿԾܼʧʡ
ҪȺһʱ䣬Ӧɺʵҵϣ˻ͻȻӦŷˣȻڼֽϲֿAûеĻס
ˡ
Ѿʼ⣬Ӧɺٹأɴ㿪ܻõĲݣƳһ׼AףƲľֻB
ӦɺĿƵܻ׵ûIDϣûǮס

ʱӦɺֽɵֵ̧ȷϣȴ
׼Aͻףֵ20ֵ60
Ӧɺûмһʵŵһбסˡ
⼸ݻﵽƵŷԼSϵĻʦ
ĸSʦĻף


21 
֪Լַģͻ׻ᱻȥֽ, ĩһæȥڳ׬Ǯ˳ˢܾ顣
һ, »ûܹһȥʼ, õǧֺ̿缶ս
L1缶ս̨ڵ¶, ڹѡ缶ս󣬺ڿˢµ¶㡣
һĽṹƣ̨Щÿ̨ռˡ̨ߵȺȺ, ԷҲǸL2, ֮ǰpkĶԱ, ׾ܴܶ֡
ֵĻ˸죬ȻȤ, ûмӮ, ˹ףһǲһ¡
ڳô˭pk̨ϲ˻׵ģ
ܳ, ԽԽ̬ˡ
ͱô۸˸ʲô
Ҽǵͷ, ǰһиѸ, һϲô
Լʵߵ㣬ءˣս, ѹ, ˭ܽܵ裿
, Ҫ
̨ϵˣ֪Լôۣò֮󣬲Ž˴̨֮ϡ
ϲͷԽսɹL2Ǳx100000x10000
̨鿴ԼǰһL2ӮһʮǱңǮ̫׬ˣ
Ҫһӻ׵
ɹûм̱ȥʳҪȳԵ㶫֪¶㶼ʲôóԵġ
ãʾڿ
ʳλҪڿ
Ϊ֤ݣǻˢһ£ʾIDͷ۳֣200
Լ٣ȻҪʣ΢Ц¶Ҫ۳Ӧֲܽ
ÿһζҪۻ֣
Ҫ۳һλ֣ʮСʱ֮ڿء
L2Ӯһһ֣ԼʣµĻ֣ԼܳԵ𣬴˶ȼ
ڳϰ̵ıѾȻҡ
L2˿Իصһ㣬ʳס޶ѣֻڵ¶ûһ
ˢֽȥȵһԸһʳҲһһ̳ʳ˸λ¡
кܶĻգ̨ʵʱһӣһ̧ͷŸĻֱһ£¶Ļ׻˸죬ӳ֣ʵõ


һӮʮ峡úڳԭʼס
۷׷ףŤͷԴͷȥԷҲһۼֱ߹
û
ԼûС
£Է˸ߣɫһֻڵϰ
һᣬȿڣѧ
ǡϷϣºһͲĵطôܱ¶ԼݡΪתƻ⣬ŶΪʲôԽ
һ㶣Խ
ףL0L3ӦֶԽսһӮٳм˴עû˵
Ĭãܵʱˡ
ʵһ˽ĴӣмûҶ˵
L2ԽսL3ֻҪӮ49ǰûõܶ֡
ѾӮʮ峡ȥܹ缶ս
˵һĬУֻ
Եò󣬱㿪棬pkǫ̃ţȥˣټ
ټͬһ䡣

׸֮ԭʼ൱𣬴Ӳͬʦ³Ļף࣬Ҳ̨ͬԭʼױԽԽѣ׵ҵϨ
ͻף࣬ڻӱ޲סԷֱۣûٽӽһֹĽǶȲԷķףټٺˡ
ԷͷԼȻδϵ׾Ȼɱ˲
֮ʣѾƵ󷽣αֱӲڶֲϣȻʱӦ˫űӣתһ˫ȶ׼ͷѹͻס
ȱĹסһ˦ӽӿ¶ѡŰرޣƻϰʮȣܿԷһţͬʱֳŵأһ֣ر˦
˻ˣûղŲµķУԼΪսշ״жԷ棬𻵶˱
ջػʱԷδһԼķףֱ̨뿪
GĶŲķ̨Ϻ
Է뿪Ĳӿ죬ȻҪԼķס
ֲҪֻáΪѡ¡
L2Զʵʼǿһԭʼ׺ܲʹpkУִֻڲףǲΪá
һ̨һĸûŪĴܶ֡
ЩǿĶ֣ջػʱҪԼе棬Ĳȫռãҹȥһ㣬ҵ֮ǰĵ˳غ͹ߣһûۣ°ȻЩȫѻ쵽Լϡ
ȲҪǮ߻׵Ĺ

賿ĵ㣬ţװΣ㡭õ𣿡
ϰ壬ҪƲãЩҪǮǺö

ѻ׼ϢСʱȥƱҪܹ֣缶սL3ܾˡ
֮ǰһкܾõ⣺ǫ̂ϲǻ׵ģ
Ī⿿ߣҴ˹ߡ
ô춼ںΧֻҪʶʦܻ㹻Ǯ֮봽
ûǮԼһĶ˼ƲжߣֻҪٿ죬ȫԳöԷעж
ص¶㣬ٻ֣ѡ˵סޣϢСʱ
ò˵ڳϰʮּթһѵסޣռ˵¶㣬Ҫۻ֣˵ķһӲĴСԡҡ
ϢСʱӼȥ̨һ̨µ˽סˡ
Щ˴ûôʰ쵡ĳס
׽Ϳɫֶһһ飬ʲôɫڻϣǻû
ȵʼ̨µ˸һܵģ
ͷ˹⵶ù⵶һĥ÷ĻƬã⵶ƳɣʱȫģʱֻҪڵĻҾṩõǰѡѹղȥǶڻֱۺ󣬿ֱ׾
̨׳ͷףֵó棬һһ̨̨С顣
Ȼܸɵó£Ȼ˵۹⣬Ҫÿʲôãܴ
Ƭ϶ûй⵶ǿڷԻУԼһϵŬɹ̨Խţ׺顣
Ҽˣ
̨ͻȻ
ͷֱǰѡӱ˻ײǿס
ϥϵǿҿҲ졣
˲˵ĻԼϣ
ǰЩղܺ߶һ
̬

̨pkһ죬ڿഫ¶㣬ͷIDѾʤʮҪ
Щ֪òر죬ʱϼֵĶֻرܶ㿪һѧŶԷĹʽԼüʤ
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㶣Ԥ㡯ʣлûгֹԥһĿǧǱң
ȡȣ
֣һڷҭں̧ͷţ٣
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ϵȻpkԵ֣ʵʶһλʦܺãǧǱңֻҪǧǱҾܰã
ʶĻʦĪڹĻԷʰ쵵Ļף׵Ļʦ
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ںǮͷãӦܸñԡ
Ȼܸáԥ
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νǮ
λ󣬲һ£Ħ˹УһŽ

ΪΪʳգϷ.ǽУš
뿪ڳǰȥһ˵һ㣬ҵϳغ͹ߣ˳˵ϵʽ
ϰ壬ҰҪĲϷ㣬ҽ
ƤС
ƳͺƷ϶˳׬мۣȻԼŪͻõôֻ֪ţûؾУϡ

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ϡ
¥ںڰУ·ѧ߹ųһ·ߣУڵͷ
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ѧУͷ⣬ʱлѲߣþǡ
һ·򱱣Ħ˹Уķ΢һЩڽһԲݴУиӵͻȻðײš
ҹС򡣡
ʱӵĻѧ˳飬ʲôˣ˸һѾĿϴˣ˾УúѧϰȡȥЩеûġ
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ԷԶĽŲ˻
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վǽ̾תڳȥֻܰѻ׸á

ѧУǽô÷ˣ
Ħ˹Уһ¥ڣһ˿ڴǰʵ
Ӱ˳ûӽץ
ǰ˺ȻЦһζ


22 
һڵ±, һ߸š
û񣬹һʣϰ壬ҪĲ𣿡
, ʮǱң鷳Ƚһʡ
ôܴۣܲ
ƤҲ㶼ʲôϡ
Ҳֻһ, һƷƳͺ۸ǧǱҸ, ǧǱ, ȫѡAõġ
Ǯ߽䣬ȫ, Ļ׷ų, ƽڲ̨ϡ
ҪʲôſڣʡбĲϴ󲿷еƳͺ, 滹֪ʲôġ
ܸоϰջתߵſڣϰ, 鷳á
ʶһ, ˳ſ, ͼš顯عϣ
ܶʦ˹ۿ
ơ
ߵһǰãŶˣҲϡ
̧ͷһۣö, ֻǲ
ûмŶ, Ǵӻͳһ۵Ĵֽ̯, 滹аѳӡ
̧Źһ, ôʼͷ
ͦģڲ濴һֹ, ҲתȥԼӵĵӡ
ƳһּΪеͻ׸ΪУϵĻʦղϲͬм۸񸡶ŻߴǧǱҡ
ѧУƳ϶˳еģȫУûд㰴Ͱࡣ
ϵֻһ뷨ôһ˫ɣ̫ϧˣ
Ƴ462Ƭνëɣ漫ΪȻֻɣսֻҪٿõõ462Ƭëͬذףɹ֡
ͻ׸ʺԶƳͺԶŽ⡣
Ҫڻνë϶ֽţ氲װСװãֻëᣬҪʱĺͷмסƳṹٻŴһƬë
ĻʦһԿò̾ģͬӡģڿƼƷ㣬кܶĶڹԿԽһһ㻭ĻʦѾټˡ
Ҫëϼװãȱ֤Ƴʹãͬʱòٿ߸еΧ
ָһ֧ʣתţĿⶢƬë˼
Ժйļȫˣԣë϶Ʊòٿͻױһᡯ֡
ͼȫƷƶƳ462ƬĳɴС324ƬײƬ֧ŹǼܣԽɢԽСͬʱװɢƬϣڻӶʱܽ£ÿֻÿοʮСһʮ
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ϰ壬һҪ324ƬСѾעˡ賿ĵӹѻͼֽõݸһЩӵҲд档
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ѧУǷǽҺɳ컹һƬ
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SָҲ֪ÿ춼ѧʲôѧʹھȻӮ˵˼Ҳ֪ʲô̶ȡ

ǱͨѶѵģͨѶϵϢɫ𽥱
뿪ǰͷֽЦһҵһ֧ʣԣȥʳóԷҳǮ
ֽûûٻңһֱӷ.ǽȥ׼Ƴṹá
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˵ĸоܾں档
ûлͷǼǰߣ·ˡ
̵ƺһ֣ҹԵ쳣ߵ·ڱ˫ֲڿڴһɵӣֱһҾưȥ
ʲôƱƲ˵ǰ
һųĻᳯ󷽿ȥûмɵˡ
֡
Ƥ˵пµֱҲһֱԼĸо
ӹƱľƣһߺȣһߡᳵ·Աߵ˴ڨ·.ǽֻһ
ӰУŷ.ǽֵˣȻԳЦһԼȻ̫С
ѧҲС

ھưɻ˰Сʱȷֱ˹۲ĸоʧ󣬲Ÿ뿪
ʱƱ΢ЦһǱҡ
Ҫ˵¿һ飺õһ
ʲôûɣʧһۡ
ȥڳһƳܹڶ賿ѧУصʱµ֣պϢȫ֪һĦ˹УΧ


23 

Ծ
Ҵ¥ָо, һ·߹ָоԽԽŨҡ
·ѧƺûʲôͬ, һᣬں֪̫ˡ
ƽʱ·ϵн̸, һ·, û˵
Ħ˹УѧÿУڲǾѵ, ȫͳһװЩѧæ, ·Ͱ͵, Ҳһ˶ûпƺһҹ֮, ˵·̹룬ɸɾ, һŬϻģ
ͷԼͰ͵ľ, ·һе̲ˡ
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һȥѧ̬УһȥΣ飬˿̨ûʦվ档
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Ťͷһ, С·ôụ̂
ѧУڿʼץǱˣһѧڶ, ڸ
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룺Ϊʲôôһ仰һ֡ţ𣿷Ρĳ
УǺSSS׵ںշ˹˹ֳɫǴĦ˹Уõֵܻڶ꣡˵ɫ·ۼУǿ
˼궼϶
λУȻĳݣͣշ˹˹һ˵ıһ˺һ֧УӣؼָӺͻʦʣSϵĻ׵۹Уÿ׵ȫ˫SϣУҲS˴ӡʵв࣬ҵ۹УָӦˣѧУָϡ
SôãΪAֻ֮ǶһS
ͷ۹УÿԴãշ˹˹SSS׵Ǳռһϯ
෴Ħ˹У3S׵ȴÿ춼С
û˵̫õĻʦ߽ϿΣʦƺӰ죬Ͽʱ಻١

վɰʱϿΣһڻ׸񶷿ΣʦȽйоأͳ.һ̣ѧԱָ㣬ڿѹ
ףǼʽʦȽףԱߵѧʾԷͷʱҪѸϲ
ʦѧԼͷ̧ѧֱۣͬʱѸٺ󳷣Ťת󣬰ֹѧ沿
𣿡ʦʾһ飬ˣԡ
һѧѧһϰһֱָòŽһ
ϵòӻڳ˰Ѻſ·
ûϣ淢ϢҪһȥԷͷڹϻظ

ѵڷ·Уˣü̧ͷȴſڵ˽߻мˡ
Ťͷ˿ʦͬѧǵı飬ͻȻˣ˴ʾǸУ
ֻ·ýšºͣȴ͸ɱϢ
ʦǰλУһԽ̸ѧѾ˫ȴڣ޲Уǰ֣ϧѵѾˡ
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һ߳ȥʶ󣬾˶Է¼ҲûʲôܣϾԷ˹˹ûи
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ѧǿڸǲסۺͼʣѵУ
סŤͷԱߵһλʦǾУԷ.ǽУѧʲôͷ
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˵˵ͷȻºͣλͬѧϷ.ǽУ鷳ʦ

᲻뿪ѧ
ѧԼһЦôˣ㲻ᣬ͸Ų๡
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Ħ˹УÿѧѧһѧֺͿʱļ㣬ϿԵɼÿʦѧǴѧ֣һֱۼƵĩѧõӦѧֵͿʱϸ
ζѧȫѧͲѧֱԵѡΣֱ꣬ÿƴϿβܲû
лʳߣԡϹȻڸ
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3lУĺ崿ѧУһ¾Ǿ.ǽѧǵ껤ӳ
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˸ʷ3S𣿡
аSϵĻҲеȼ͸֪һиٽ㻮֡üȡУӣʱ򲻹ܼѧУĸSףܿУġ
ȥμӺշ˹˹
桮һǣҪS֮ĽʱУָֻеһ֧Сӣʱһõϡ
´ʦ֮ǰĻҿȥУߡ
ߣǵȴʼҵУУӡΪһ3SָӣһָƱ
˶һ˵˭Ҳ֪Ժȫʵ

ڱУһȫУĶϳƽͽЩ۹⣬ϣͼ.ǽ
ѾǹŵĲ´Ьġ
ȥˣķߣǷ֮


24 
ŸĻ, ͬʱҲǾһ飬˭뵽˵Ӵ󵽴Ÿ.ǽȥ
ֻҪ㿪ЩǷ, ܳɹȥ
Ϊ˲صޣѧӵ쾡£ڵü졣
һ֧ʮ˵Ļ߹
ղʲôȥˣĩβ˻ͷ
紵ѣôСͬŵЦУ, ˭ҷ.ǽ
Ǹ첻ͷǽ
, Ҳǵù, .ǽƫƫУ֡
ǿеùѾèǽǣûһη˳ȥ
һȦȥڳ, û, ͼֽ, վڵſڵ
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ҪƬС, Ҫ´Ǳ߻ظ˵ܵͼֽݸ, ԥѣͼֶֽҪˡ
ȥŴͼֽ治ƬģʹСơ
ûʲôҪ, ҶסˡνûרȨҲڱ˻ĸĶ, ûʲôòصġ
ֿû뵽㻹ǿɡ
󲿷ֻʦ޲ðԼݲһ, ֻóɹ, ôٲֻʦԼݹɿԴϹ˲ο
ʦΪɡ
ϰ壬ͿɫôŪŲ̨ϵĻףһνҪƾڳĻȫɫҪƳƬǰ׽ɫһ̫ÿѻͿɫҲĳɰ׽ɫ
˼ɵؿȻҲҲ֪˭ĳһ̨ͷסĻס
ޱ飺Ҫ˭ûи߼
Ƴİ׽ɫ۸񲻷ơһ
λǮɡ
ɫҪõĿϡУ۸񰺹㻹Ҫ𣿡ͿɫʵпޣҲǮöࡣ
ĬΣ˵Ҫ
Ҫⲻ̫ٵҪķ
ҪáԼ׿ǿȻ񣬾á
ÿϽһűõæǧǱͬˮһ㻨ȥ

ѧֺͿʱ㣬αģֻѧָߣܣؼȥģ˶֪һУԵͷˣµĳƺš.ǽ
˭.ǽҲûáҡ
Ȼ.ǽԲƺš
Ҳû뵽ѧ֮󣬻Ҽ漸췭ʮ˳ȫûκ˲
һϿΣ´ȴߣζ.ǽ
ͣ
ԱѧûסЦ̫ˣ붼̫ˡ
Ƥѹ߳ܣΪ
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ûС
´ûкѧ֣ǲøѵɡ
վڸУӣǿ磬Ӱ׼ƺһվԭأֱ̧𣬰Ŷİӡ
´ѲһѧǵĳɹվһƵĩѧУѡʮλߣ˭õһϯԶʮ֡
ʮ֣
һֱ΢ƣаġ
´һѧڵĿΣĩҲֻʮ֣ʦлߵģʱͳѧָĶѡģ۵ѵʱҲѧ֣֮ǰѧֺͿʱˣڼԵʮѧ¡
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ʱöˡ
Уһһǧˣֻʮϯߡ´һ㣬ѧעѾ˹עĻѰСʮϯ߽УҪһϵĺãѧУҪʤת
´ʦУͬһ졣ԱߵͬѧСԣ´ʦУӣںշ˹˹üκ͵۹УУӸϣһξΪ´ʦȡļ룬УѶУ˴ܣѧУõ˻֡
ˡʮԱͬѧ
ܳ
´ȿЩѧУѡԵȫУһ꼶ʵϡ
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ҵѡУӣҲŽѧУһѧڡ´ȵͷԼָņ̀׼ѧĿ䣬շ˹˹ƽпᣬе׼
ڶŰû´ǱߣϾÿÿεĳɼҪĩ㣬Զһѧ֡
ΪϿΣڳʱѧϰ֪ʶѾʼ伫ˡ
´˵Ļû̫󲨶3212ʦҲô˵һģʱûлףʹһذ
ûбʱѵӣԱڣֱܡ

ϣڳһ㡣
ˣ
ˡһµĻףٿųƳֱ۵
ŹĻףĿ¶ޣܻǹ۳̶ȣƶAףһǰǺڳԭʼס
Ըоѻպãһ̰ڣѧΪۣˡ
ǮֵĴָ
Ȼֵǧ򡭡˵˵ûԼԣһ¡
ǧǱң׬ǮͷǧǱһһɶ
ԣҹѧֺͿʱ

ʱ͸ʹ˵õ׬ǮھȻˡ
׸óȥ϶ܳȻԽԽˡ
аοԼôһѸ׵񫣬ָԱ߶ŵĺüͼֽϰҲԸģͼֽ㣬ʮǱô
ֱӴӦûԥֺ˭ְҵ£ʣ֡
̯ͼֱֽдһ֣ûǮס

𣿡
ԡˢǮһְͼֽ˿ܲԸⱩ¶Լݡ
ֻ벻ĸʦȿٿִ󷽵ˡ
ͼֽ׬һǮƽһЩ˯һ㡣
ڶһڵ¶ѻ׽Էӹûԣò˵һл
ԣĲУҿԿŸġ ѸġǮĻףҲûʸȥ
һȥڳѵһѻ׷ųΧѵ˶ʶ
ܻ̫ҫ˵㣬׽Ϳɫһ֪˴Ǯ
Ҳ΢㶣֮ǰ̨׵ĸ첢û̫ϣֻҪܼˡ
Ƴ˵죬кѻԡѴŸĵĵطϸ˵һ顣
ѵĵطٿػ׹ȥܻױ֮ǰ˳ƺֹô򵥡
һͨ׽ĻȻųֻƳᣬڿշѵĵƹڰ׽ɫϣϸҫ۵ĹâΧ˲ԾĿͶ׽ƬĹⶼ͸亮֮η
Ĳ˵ܻ͹˵ġ
ײָڲٿϿƶֻƳһȣĸְ϶ʱϸС
ⲻƳᣡ
Χ˶ܻ׵Ƴ˲ͬ
룬ڱУĹҪܿҪۣƵҲУûƳϡ
ҡ
ܳ
һѾٿƳ˦ڸְϣĺۼƳ᱾ûܵκθı䣬ɿԵɹʹá
ʲôƳ᣿Ȼã
ָжܺãӻллѡ
Ǻ㲻Կ
պã׼ȥ缶սL3ǵ˿ʧܡ


25 
վɲٿǼܡͷסĻױ, ܿ缶սĻ֣Ѿȥ˵㣬ûü, ֻ·̨Χ˽缶ɹ
Լͷֵߣ˶Ͳͷ뿪㣬Ҫٲкǡ
ʲôʲô, ǰͷԿ, ֻҪų̂, û䣬ùĿ϶Ǳ, ˻, ͷ׻ñˡ
¶㶼һϢ, ͷʵǺˮƽĸ֣ʶֻԶ, ϲŪˡ
ţͷ˭һԹ֮ǰ˶ϵʱ, ͷ䣬ȥ˾վһ˵ôೡʲôʱ
ڵ¶㣬۹⿴㲻
ѧУѾͷ, ԸĿѹ⣬ڸںڳֿ
ÿpkһ, ֻҪȤĻ׶Ӳ, Ȼpkԭ, ЩʵУҲУһҲˣֱӿٽ
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ǡһ繤䣬海ԼĻס
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һԼѡһӣ˵ѡ
ûҪ˵ģĿͣǶ䵶ϣҪ
ٶʮһǱҡ
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ܣһ䵶һʮǱҡ
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Ҫȥ㣬ʱһʮǱңбƽһ㣬ܿ

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Ҳܶù
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26 
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̳һϢ˳, ɫֺͺ漸Ѫ̾żѧ㡯ĸ֣˭Ժжֳ֡
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˻ʦ֪ͼݻû֮ǰһΪҲǻʦ淭.ǽ¼֪ǻ׵
Ħ˹СŮ̸Ҳȥѣ飬ҿ
˻ʦûɣڽ￴飬һһ磬ԱҲûˡ

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ĳ칫ҡ
ѧȥù⵶˴򡣡´ȿǶ¼Ҳ֪ò
⵶ûԵطǲӣῨڻϡմӾڰ칫ϣȥǶΣ·һ㡣
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´üΪʲôҪô
һʵսˣˡ
˵ͨͨѶ
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27 
, һɸ꼶ѧѧƺƵŶȥ׵㡣
֮ǰУУ̳Ŀαĵ¿αҲ͸ˣֻҪѡѧ㡯, ܴһҵαͼƬ
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½շ˹˹ʲôʱʼʵٳٶ۶ѧУÿ˿ʼ
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ֻʦʦԸԸˡ
ôһȻûн𡣡ҡͷֵ㿪̳飬Ŀһ˸Ϣ


28 
ûʲôʱħ̳, ֮ǰ֣ʱ, Ҳû˼һȻյϢ
㿪ǰϵͳϢ㿪ŷǻ˷ġԷIDкʦͷһֻë׵ĶŹֿɰġ
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.ǽš
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̨ʱһȦо̨Щ޳ĹҪƱǺڳˡ߹˲࣬˵ʼ˵ȱȱ
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ĽˡȤֱ涢ǸСͷѡ֡
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ϲŰ.ɱ
IDһóܲսʵԸںӣץȭںӸȶ϶ԷĽš
ѾȵزӾҪʾ䣬ƫƫÿξʱװŰԷҪڻײͨ˳ȴƽֱšϻ׵Ĳӣ׵ͷԹϯ
ų̈ϵĺӣڻײûг
ͷӸ֪šϻײӵ˲䣬ͬš˻ײ˵Ĳӡ
ԼһģѵʱҲûзӦʵսУֻ
ӻڳԼſܺУûˡ
ϯҲиеʵ뿪Ĺڸһ񺰣˷ܲѡ
ǱڳԱ̧ģ˵ĺء
պùԱ·ߣŵĿ͵ˣ¸صǾˡ
ȥ̨˵ÿһˣL3Ѫ˼УԽѪԽ˷ܣ޹ֺܳΪѡ֣ڴͶѡּ
ڵеԶ޷Ŵ
̨˶ڲҪش̨ѾԤԼú߻ܺʵҪ໨Ǯ
ĩһ磬һԼ͹ؽڲŻѧУøϺշ˹˹ֱܾ


29 
Ħ˹У, ˿̲ٳվ˸꼶ѧͷž޴Ļ, ɫӡ
ӺڳһУű㿴һٳ쳣Ǹϻֱ˸䣬ºһ𿴡
޴Ļܻףһܰɫͻ׸Ǳƺڻűܻףһͷ޴ɫ֩, ΧֻС֩롣
˵С֩, ʵͻײߡ
ɫ׾ֱϾ޴ɫ֩, ܻæҶԸΧС֩롣
ʶšüɫ׻䣬ܻҲ򲻹Щ֩룬ֻǰɫ׻ܻˡ
أôô죿
ֱͻȻ˳סӲŤͷȥ, Աߵͬѧҧһֻȭͷ޳
̫С, ʱֻһͬѧվ, ڶһ
ͬѧסֱۣҵ˷йأʣһ˶Ͼ룬Ա߻ô, ϶סλѧˡ
̫ˡ, ˮƽ໹һս֮
ͬѧȻһ, ǻ׵λǻʦָӣôܲˮƽ
ڵ˱졣
˵ʵжٺĿǰAȣ΢ǿһ㣬ϾSЩ֩׺ݣԱͲ̫
ĻУɫŹ⵶ֱֱ׼ȥͬʱһֻ֫ڣǸλײա
ٳϲеѾ̲סվͬѧץֱۣͼ
ûע⣬˼ҲȫڹĻϣλ̫ˡ
ϣɫ׶ֻͣһ룬漴⵶ԥϾ֫׾ôŶѵ֫ӵӿǰһֱ븹ֹͣ
ٳ϶ʱ޴Ļ˶Ϊλѧת˲С
Ȼһߣȴ֣һܻױֻΧײأΣʱ̡
ɫ׵˳̨ڵ
һ룬ĻгһܻףΪ룬ȴûǣֻ˻ײڵˣ˳»뿪
ܻԭؼս
ŹĻղ뿪ĻӦǾԮԱ
˿̲ٳѾ뼫ȳĬУ϶֮ɫ
ŤͷŽͬѧ˫ͨ죬ᷴˡ
ˡο
ͬѧûĬκʦ֣𣬻ָӣ·ûߵһ룬ⳡûϣˡ
ĩⳡѾӽβԭ׵ֻʣһܰɫס
շ˹˹ܼ򵥣һŵͼյ㣬УȵױӮǰлֱ֣ʮ塢һһʮÿһ¼ͻ֣һֱۼƵųǰ
ǰľУSԴͬʱغžУĸԤ㡣
ֻһûнSѧд轻ʵһ֮ս
Ӳ˵߽׳谭ȥ·ͬʱָƣУ˭Ҳ˭Ħ˹УһֱԣߵһսȻƣ
һʼѶУ˱ϵ۹У֣ٵĦ˹У׵λƴ֣ܴŻʦָӿֻû뵽ײϾ룬ʦҲˡ
Ħ˹Уʦ̭
ĻڴһŮٳϵֻüɫ׻źָӣնɱ룬˸еʱ䶼ûС
˰ͷŹĻϰɫ׵ıӰǾУѧ١
¥
ĻڴڣмվʮˣɫජŸĻ
⣬ᷢкüʶ󡢽ԼʦϵӦɺӡ
վм䣬Χһξ룬Ŀͣڵ۹УֱĻϣûٿĦ˹УѾû˻ᣬ࿴棬о۹У飬ȡѵһߵøԶ
ˡ˱ۣ֪ʱǸ˵ġ
μҡԼӦҵĺӣǻ3Sָӽ棬۷һ죬ǵһ
ƫƫ
³һҲ֪ô£УԴߡ
ѶУ˼ÿһ춼͵۹УֶԸǡŤͷԽһӦò⣬ʱע㡣
˵ͷ֪
Ħ˹УʣµĻ׵ָӹȻûọָ̈̄ǿٿУһ·ȥ;ȴƽͨԺֱӱɱ֡
ϨĹĻٳþû뿪Ϊܡ꣬￴ʧܳ棬ûһĦ˹УĹĻš
ģԼǿУӶȥѶУ˲Ҫ
ٳЩĨһͨ۾һԲתȥѵҪøǿٽУӲϺȡ
ͬѧڵϿޣȫƲԼ꣬ҴһβμӺշ˹˹ʼǾУǰûùһΡ
һ˵õˡ˿ޣ򣬡ҽУӣһܽǰ
ͬѧ˳ӣ̧۾УӣһУӵܸʲô
˼ӦУбȽˡ
SAöࡣͬѧĻעɻ󣬡ͬѧҿе졣
һΪ.ǽ֪Լˡ
æ⣺SҲ͵ϮɡУôˣ
һҶҵȥˡͬѧ˵ѧУֱˡ
ùھǱ߿˵һ˵һ
ܡ
һûʼû
ͬѧָĪһ۹УָһӦǾڵ5ָӹսۣ˸߽׳ȺݹУָӣ⣬ûһԹս
ָҪҲҪϡ
ô˵
Ҳ˳ǽǶֻҪһӣ֪ɡ
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ӽβʣµľУѾִյ㣬յǰУ˽棬ÿÿĿˡ
ƽͨԺ͵۹У
ƽͨԺʧһλ׵۹У֮ǰͷԥѡʦλ׵յǰȡƣָӸϵյ㡣
۹УƽͨԺĲģְ̧˰ǣ˵Ħ˹У׵ʵָҲSҲ
һ졭涢ŹĻϻľУǰҪõ
ȥǻУͷ䣬̧ͷУ
У˵ͷЩпǼˣꡣ
ڳȥʦʣµıһӣĸ˻һۣȻԼĿꡣ
ҲһҪõõΡУתͷżӣǱԼҪҲٿνһ
漸ʦ׷׶ĸѧ˵˼仰
뿪֮ǰԥһ¡
Ҫ˵˳
иУӵߡһ£ܷܲһ
֪Ϊʲôڣᰲһ㡣һֱо̸ָսۣ֪Ͷ£3212ǵˮƽһֱϳɼܽУӿԣеǿ
УһԣǱ
У֣ĸѣ˵Լơ
˵֣Χɫеˣ׷׿
šüǸ.ǽȥưѧ
֪£ȥư档ô٣û벻ܻԼǮȾơ
˵۷ǸԼ档
뵽⣬ԼΪʲôҪУӵԭˣڣһ뵽ˣĪеȫ
㿪ڣԼܽЦһ½߱ȻһϯѪΰˡ
ۣѪθһͨѧ
ԴĸȥھưɺȾƺУӡ󲻺ãǸҵֵѧ
AS׵ˣԵA׶вͬĸ飬ϾǼܻȹʱڡ
ҲûãѧУײʺɴЦҾܷѪεá
ˣȻܽͲõġУ˶ɢˡ
߳¥ӦɺͻȻԽˡ
ǰƳһAѧ
ʼ磺ֻ֣ҪУʦ΢ӡܶһ㡣
УõԴSѧʣһAѧ治˳һˡ
ڿҲҪᡣӦɺӵ
ãȥѵʵôӦɺӣҲһ𡣡
ȥʲô
϶㣬SĻʦ
3S



30 
⡣
˵Ա, ˳ӦɺҲڶ¡
ԭӦɺ˵˵ҪѵôʵлӦɺӽ, ͨѶȫͨ
̳ѵһ֮ǰĿγ̱, ƽʱӦģѵ, ȥδIDߡ
滹ȥ, ԱӦɺѾ̳һ˭֪ģṩ׼ȷַʮǱҡ
һ˻ظͼݶϽ23, ͼƬ.jpg
Ӧɺ̧ת˶ʮǱҸԷ󽫹ϵϢ濴
棺ӵֶܽһĴֱ
£˿, ǰ̯һѧ
пգ뿴ƽʱôѵŤͷղΪ, λ̳Ϸ˶ʮǱҵϢ
һ٣漴Ӧɺӣѣ´ֱңϢۡ
ӦɺûֲҪƤ, һʱ䲻֪ηӦ
ʲô, ͨѶһֱָָͨ
, ˵, ûӦ, ˡ
ô, ƽʱҲûʲô, ֪Խʲôʱ򻵵ġ
ԡָ, Ҵȥǿ飿ˡ
Ӧɺӿ, ԶǽģǹϵôãԿδ̫ʡ
һֱͦõģȥµġ뵽Լƶ˻еͷۡ
ߣȥȤһûôѧУ
ϣȥǼڡ
ΪʲôѧӦɺӿ⣬ɻ˳
ʦһ࣬ƻףҵõݺͲϼܹףһС˲߼ܹ׵·רоײʣ껹ΪоϡˣһСԳƲʦ
ⱾѧǽײϷ࣬ǽֲԭϸֽ⣬ʦҪʱ棬ΪֻгƷϡ
Ȿͦ˼ܲ˵ѧУǼܻײˣоһôѲˣ˼ĶŪԼ̨ϡ
ûǮרףֻȤ
Ӧɺü档
֮ǰЩһ׼ʦŻʵ⡣ȥʦ
һһ뷨ܲһ£ӦɺӲдһʺš
ǰ߳УţȥǱĹԵꡣ
ǻŴĦ˹ľԱһˣֳЦĦ˹У󲿷ֿɶүС㣬Ǯĺܡλʺã
ں治֪ʲôӦɺӼ״ȿڣԣЩ¿
ԱǰһȻүСǣһھ֪ˡ
һŶǽеĿʽԱһŹʵǡ
ӦɺӲ˲ó
ﻹŮɫУԶơԱһŹԡ
ʱͽ߽δ̨Ĺԣֱʵ˵ĹĿ
Ա
Ӧɺӣ
Աе㻳ԼĻʶظʣҪĿ
˵ǿ̹̹
ҪǶɵְҵԱõǣϵ΢ЦԵȡ
Աóһɫԣ˵һܾ䡣
ǮӹӲϿͱԭĹԺá
ֻ࣬ҪǱҡ
չ̫ˣֻҪǧ塣
ҲùˣڻǷһƨծ֪޹ԡ
Ӧɺһӿˣ˵ǧ壬Ĺûù󲻳ô˵ĹôãȻ̨ǧĹԡ
û뵽ҲԱ˵󣬽ҿķﴦϵͳǮƣѾܱȵͨҡ
֮ǰΪʮֿѣԼһڷֽĹԲǧǱҡ
ӦɺӵУ޷ôǮʲô
ƫƫƺʮϧɹԣ¶Խ
뵽⣬Ӧɺһͬ顣
ǵĶǹ󡣡ҡͷԼϵĹԣǸģʮ򡣡
ôĹԣ𣿡ͷϸ˿
ԱŹ̨ǰеѧڳԼˣôΪǮ˼ҵүС㡣
һǱŵۡ
Իֻܷأ̫ɣӦͣˡԱŬ΢ЦĹȫϢʮֳɫͶҲϸ񣬻˽˽ܡһֻʮϵĹԲС
ԥ˻ʣûŻݣ
Աûء
Աʡ
ûǮ
ҲתǱҡ
ˡʾԱǿԴ򿪣Ǿ
󶨺¹ԣˢǮý濴Լ
̫ˣֻʣһǧǱҡһԸ̾
Ӧɺӣ
Լܵ˳
һʱ䲻֪ø̾ҪǮǸֻ̾ôһǮԶ᲻õġ


31 
վڹ̨ǰ, ӦɺһξⱲΣԱ͸Ȼͬ飬·˵
, Ƴըˡ
Ӧɺ˵һĹ, Ǯ, תһ, ԼǮǲĽǮУ
Ҳɾˡ
ѹɳ֮ǰĸԼҪ೤ۣҪѡ
, ǾͲ죬ڶαڽ͵͵, ֮ʵˣȻһŴɾ
Ӧɺû뵽Ҳˣһ3Sָ, ۷ĸУǱ˲ţɳ£һǮƭŮӡ
Ѳ
ĸӦɺԺ֡
оȷʵǧĺÿϵĹԣ½ֵۣ
ʮĹʲôر֮Ťͷʽ档
ûʲôر, ˽Ը, иֹλܡ
˵㡣
Ҳá
²ԼǮ, ŤͷӦɺ, ˵ҪȥԷ
Ӧɺû, ԼӦٺ
, ŸʲôӦɺӾߡ
̬Ȼ, Ӧɺӻ֮ǰദ, Էʮ, ҲԼˣ㿪ڣ״ʵôתǱҸ
Ҳ˵ʮ⣺ȥ˯һ
Ӧɺӣ
˵л˵ˣǰǧһΣǼˣ򡣡
˯˯
컯ավڴֱӹ˯һǮ
ӦɺӸоԼһϢڡ
˯˯˯λܺʡָŶиҾӵ꣬򴲱ӺͷǣӲľ˯ƨʹ
㡣
˵̴꣬˽ȥ
ʾſڵһɫӣ񣬻ؼۡ
ĿڱƺʹͷתһȦͷһѧУͷ˯ò
У㴲һҴһȻӦ
ƫͷֻһδ˯Ĵ
˵ˡĿڼ죬Ҳ졣
ȥõͷӦɺסǲ˯һŴϣ
治ΪʲôҪ˯һŴϣŴء
˵ǰһһû˯̣ȥһ¡
Ӧɺӣ
ȥ˯ΪʲôӦɺӼʵ˿˼Ѿң㲻ڸʲô
¶Ī飺ѹ̫ȥǣȡȥֿˡ
ԡǲֹϵӦɺȻ׽ֵĻԼˡ
ֹϵ꣬ƳӦɺɫ˵Ļ˲ˡ
װõͷɺӸղŻǮ.ɫ.ϵ
ɳ⻹һμôЦҲüƽϣڶ˾䣺һ첻֪ʲô
Ӧɺӣ룿һǮһ˯ģ
ڽֵϣ˵ûͣҪǽڱƱ߶߶
ǻ׵ֻһָӣӦࡣѾͷӦɺӣڻͼñӻеͷ
һȵϱŴҲܶһ·
ģСϲռˣ֪Ϊ÷Բˡ
ԷǮ˭ͻȻ
ûǮܾǮ
ҲࡣĲȻָָӦɺӣɺӣոٷ롣
Ӧɺӣ
ллӦɺӵͷ
ӦɺϡͿһҿžͺܹĲֱ׳㵥͡
ǮȻϣܸо۸Լ
ӦɺҪϲľƣǽ˼
һֱ극еӦɺﻰ㲻ÿһֵܿ𣿿ԼԽԽֵ࣬¡ֶȥʮ򣬲Ǯɵ
һ٣һɵԱ߳
ָЦһ
Ӧɺӣ˲ѡ
ٺܿ
ӦɺжȻһԵͷ

ǣۿڡ
У
ˣɫһ
һѧǣˡ
ࡣͷֻûѧУõΡ
Ҫƽ΢΢¶ǽţɳǶڵǻȥ
һƣλSѧһǧУεǽɳǡ
ڷϴ꣬ûмϢȥҸѧУڵ
ȴУԲǰͷʲôϣ̧ͷϢ
˯šЩн˷·ɽһ㡣С
˵Աߵӣʲôʵģ
˵3SָӣæѵѧУϢ֪Ĳࡣ
ͷԴ
У˵ԴĻǴһ
һμӣѾáѧƣϢ
Ӻշ˹˹λԱУܵѧУһӭѧ˺дŻӭӢۻؼҡ
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ޱŤͷԱ߶ŹԼĽ棺ʲô
ӦɺҲ̧ͷһ㶼еĽ档
Դˡը֡ÿĶҪҸҾһһ߰ӦɺӽԱԣԻʱ¡
ǿƵŸ˿
Ħ˹Уһдż֣ӭӢۻؼҡ֪Ħ˹УѾܶûùΣʮУ꣬˵ϿաʲôζûõǻȥȻӢ۴ò˵һ䣬ʵ衮Ӣۡˡ
Ƶеļ˵飬ϵĳѾԾĻ
ĿڼеĻͲɼý壿
ķǹٷý塣Ӧɺ֪ý壬źշ˹˹׬ǮÿܻõһֹھϢܹϲ
ý壬ߡһ䣬ϧµýѸ㡣
ǲɷòھϢǲǾͲܹϲˣʵ
ܡӦɺҡͷ˾ͽҲιɣ۹Уѡһ˾ͽҵˡ
üӦɺӣ˼ǹھԶǵ۹У
˵ԶĿǰȷʵˡӦɺΡ
СĳѧУ3SָӺͻʦ֮ǰǻ˵3S׵öòھƾʲô۹Уõ
ĿǰȷϢ۹УȫԱ3SӦɺЩѵ3S֮Ҳв𡣡
УҲȫ3Sʵ
ǡ
ֳշ˹˹һʮһһҲŵ۹УԶùھ
ӦɺӿںɫߵĻѹȥ˵ûмӦǾµĳʱ֪ˡ
Ҿˡ֣һҪõһιھʱվ콱̨ϣܾɼýɷá
Ϣ콱̨ûн𣿡
нһУվ̨ϣֻλԱſԡ
Ӧɺ˽һӳʮǧѾʼ۵ܹھ֮ʲôơ
һ˵һ롣



32 
ɼý巢Ƶܿ, Ħ˹УѧȻŭȴ޷ɾֻܵЩЦƽ
ͬʱһУӵѡδǻ, ʽ, Ϊһ¡
׵ϵʦϵԼָϵ, ϵȫʼѡУѡҵǻ׵ϵУ࣬䵽ͻ׵ٸ
ÿһ׵ϵڱһ, ͻ, 꼶һѡǰ, ѡʮϯߡ
ѧУͺڳϱ, ÿ첻Ǳڱ·, ûһͣЪҹо, ǼܾУĻõϵĶںڳ̨, УͳһƻײܣҲ, òϵҲȥˡ
ܻѪһһ㡣
ʦ͵ǼѪΣ𿪿Ķû½, Ψһܸĵ, ʱûôǮ
ҽǰϿǰе˷ܵ, Ǳȵˣ
ѡͷ¿ԣĵ
϶ܽǰʱ伳ȡ֮, ģҳɹսһѧѧ, ѧ, ʱ˶˲١
ͷһȥУӡ
ѧУĻײ̫У׼һʦһʺϵĻס̾õ»ףӦһʱ䡣
Ťͷƻף㲻ǵˣǮ
׵һ;һݲϹ̶Ļףڿһʦƣ߼۸ǰ߹ԽĻʦԽߡ
ãȻǳˣΪʲôûǮ
ϾУǰֻûѡ
ԭǳֻ
һûĸʦ̫Ļʦѵȡڳ¡
ȡһʵʶһͦĻʦ
ģ
ģӦɺߵýӹԵһƬ뿴ˣӦɺϲʶ
ѧУ3SĻʦ뿴ˣԱǽָӣ죿
죬ʶǸʦҽӴǵġΧһ£Ǹʦʱ䣬ԸҰæһ¡²Ҫ͸¶
Ը⣡뵱ϵ˵־Լ󣬿ע⣬ѹ֪ʦƼ۸٣
ʦܺ3SʦӦɺѣǮ¶Īɫ㿴Ÿ
뼤ˣܺ3SʦѵˣпҲǸSʦЩSʦľͻһAסѪΣSʦĶAס
һָͷ
һǧ򣿡еˣ춼ǿǿ
ҡͷټһ㡣
ѹµһĳ嶯Ǯ
ҸĸСܵģϣԺõAס벻˼ǮǺܶ࣬Ǹʦ̫ߣҲˡ
ˣۡȷ
ԥʣ㲻Ǹʦ𣿡
ʱҰ㻹ۣ
뿴ֿлл㡣
һڵĵӾôˣǮһˣҪճѵݣʵƻס
ҪʱԻλʦİϵίмˡ
ͷβûвκλɡ
֮ǰĻףһס˳ۺʵвСĲ࣬Ϊͼݣ߾Ӧɺ⡣
Ӧɺû̫ãΪѹû뵽ѹͲϳɱ϶Խ
ֻܿԼϱȡSлǽνAȻǻν׿ƣͬʱûS̡һЩҲԸģҪȥ̽
ϰҹƣܿ¹࣬У԰
ǲҪѡǰˣվڲ֪ʲôطһƬ硣
ͼֽ̧ͷš
ƹĻԱߵӦɺӣУʱȥ
áҶǰԼԼ˵һʲôעϢĻ
ڶ죬Ħ˹Уٳˡ
ѡ͵ǰѧУӣμӱһ油Ҳܸһȥ
ҪӮ֮УӵһԱ
ÿ̨ǰίʦݱ˫ִֹ֣ʵǿѧѡ
źں棬ڲٳΧϰϢ
۾Ѿõ˸߷֣һ˯ðΣͦ¡
ûӦ˼ڿ佱ѧҲ¡
һ㲻͵͵ҹѵɣСŪɳ׾
ǣúϢþ񣬲ҪԼ̫ѹ֮ǰĺѧҲ֪֪ѧΪʲôϽûУӣûȥɡ
һ۶ԷҪ졣һӵź
536
Ǳںȥߡ
УӺӣں溰
УӵʮϯȨѡ飬ȻĬõһϯ
һֵĻףһ̨֪ûףе컯֮£ǾУҪԼĳ嶯
ͣ
ٳмͻȻȴ󺰣и˾һֽǣдšǿĸ֡
Ӵշ˹˹ûʼз˿ˣмίʦЦ
ߵίʦۼ⣬ϳǸͲˣǽ档
ί֣ȫתͷȥԱǸѧǡ
ӦɺޱվȺУ˫־ֽǡ
̫ˡ
ǸղУѵ漱ææϹͰһŴֽǣɷдһ֣ҪţԼͳһȾͿʼ
ٳϵѧܿϳǣһʱ䲻֪ĽǼһAȻS
ѵ.ǽ
Щѧ𽥿ʼԷ.ǽԾԾԣҲһ
վ󣬶Բٳмգգ۾ײڣ׼
Էͬͻףóóϵͳѵÿһ׼ѧ
黹ǲ㡣ίԱߵʦʽ
ô˵ѧҲû˵
иίü˰죬ͻȻʽһ£ܸо͸һҰ·ӷ˭̵ģ
ղǸתͦ׼ģ㿴ˡԱίЦһУǳȥʵսҰ·
⵹ǡ
ϣ̧жԷϥǣĻᣬĻףֶԷ̧ڵƿ¶ǹͲ
ܳ
ʱһ飬᲻Լһ㻮ۡ
ɨ̣ûӵȥԷ˫յסơ
ѹŵһֺֻԷ䴦йͬʱһţߵ˲佫ϡ
мίΣǿˣôоͻȻǿһ㣿
Ӯ֮䱬
ίཻȷϣʤ
ٳм䡣
ƻײӦɺӻӲֽǣǻʦ׿׵ͻ֮϶ȡ׵ҲУⷽAеٮٮߡ
ȣûܿҲˣ
˭
ɽ


33 
ӦɺӷӲֽ, ͷһ۹ϵϢǺʦǻɽȡ
泯ܿ˿ĸSѧУղŸSĸ֪ˡ
ָӸ֪ǿ˫Ը, ֪ͨٿػ׵˼롣
꼶SѧȫSʦȥ, ӦɺǰУ, ǻУ⣬УڲӦø֪S
ѧУڡӦɺӲձ֪ȶ
šղһ˲̫, Լûв׽Sĸ֪, ѧ·
һ, ӦɺֽǣǻͦС
ǿרǰϻΪӦԮЦ, ǳԷ
ûǮ, ܡȻܾ, ҽڻ͵
ȹ, ʱվһԣóɺǳԷ
ҿûǮˡӦɺޱվһߣȻŽ, ǳԷ
ͶƱָָԼӦɺӣ21Ǯ
棺ɺˡ
Ӧɺ΢΢һЦƺʼ׽Ϊʲô˵ԽԽ֡ҪǮһʹ, ȷʵá
һ, ӻҪһʱ, õ³ıţȺһȥʳá
, , һۣô, Ե𣿡Ǯ
һڳ塣
˵Ƕˣϸһ𾪣ǲǳˣһѧڶûꡣ
ֱȻߣ°ͣȳ꣬Ӧñߡ
ĬĬһ̲ˣҲڳ塣
ָԼҪҪȥһ
վӦɺӣϣò˵һ׵ĵӸߣĿǰѾһߣҪӪࡣԻƿ϶ȸߡ
һȴԻʦĪȤʳ⣬ʱδ˼
ӰԴ顣ӶԽָӣǰȽϺá
ۡӦǾӾ͸ߡ

ǵûУȥ۹У̳˷۶˫ǵİϡ
ʲô˫ǣ
3SָӦǾ3S׵꣬۹ˡ²ãͷڹϷһƬǼꡣ
ƬӦץĵģٿ޳һͷҫĿˣվѵϣĨȥ°͵ĺɨͷ۾͸һ
ͦ־һ⣬̧ӹƬ
ƲҾе
һء
ͷûӦǾƬָָԱӦɺӣӦǾø硣
üͽ潻һˢˢӦɺӡ
˼Ӧɺӣһ̧ͷ˫Ե۾ʲô
ûøƬѹأ뿴ӦǾʲôӡ
˵ӦǾִǰ۹УڲҲûƬǿſڿഫġ
շ˹˹ʼУԱýǰûʲôģӦɺԼڷ˷ǲǺ죬ҲûƬֻһǰļͥա
̧ۿȥסƬϵǵǸڷꡣ
۹˫ǣ𷢡
棬ղżƬٿ
ֿʲô˵ŷ
ϸ꼧ƬȻһ꣬ղûÿˣҲе
ҵѣ۹⣡˵𼧳Ƭ
ǡ
ӦɺӶ֪˵ỹɵ
øͷͷĺáӦɺӳֿ֮ǰҾ˵úôһͷ
һӦɺӵͷɲݣտ϶ʹ
ӦɺĿ֣æ˭ǵͷ£ͷҲòȥ
ġ
ȥʱǿһӦǾͷؾͻ롣
Сû˵仰Ӧɺɫӡ
ӦǾҶӣӦɺƫ֧һ´Ҳ3SûС
ڲСûʲô
ǵӮһʱýɷùھ룬ͷؾ⡣
Ĵָжؾ˵۹ߣʵڸߣ
ӦɺӣӮ˵
ĳ극ָȥȵڶû̫ѶȣõУֳμߵѡΣһֻҪõһϯʮѧֱ㵽֡
ĩȥ˺ڳδʱƺû
L3һʮǱңȫɹһʱ䣬ףͬСʯ뺣Ʋһ㲨
Ŀǰһܴ߳ĳ޸ס
ɱѺע
һ㶼͸Ź˷ܸСĳŸдɱաĺע
˸ʲô˼
L3ɱոؾܣһֻҪߵȫҪԷָָĻϵѡ֣Щ˶ϲ˼ǵɱո
ѹ뿪˲ˡ
vsͷʱϾŵ㡣
ǱҺͻûиı䣬ǿĻʾID
ս·˿˿Ļͷͷתͷ¶ͬĿ⣺ͷԣһϳ䡣
֮ǰԼǳͺӵıüϲˣҲ鷳
Ļ֮󣬶һȺΧȥעλ·ҲȥǱѺ񣡡

ΧһᣬҲ߹ȥó׬ʮǱңȫѺԼϡ
ѺɣõǮȥơ·Ȱ
û¹˭ʾɹԼǮѺͷ
ͻɱմļƻĿǰ˶бҪȵϣط򿪹ԣûֶڵıƵ
ŰɱɣǿһЩʵԶֹˣԸ֮ǰڵѡ֣Űɱ
ڵġʵ֡ǰջģӮôೡ˵ýа񣬵ûУһֱڻ֣ԼǸΧ
²ΪǮʵս飬ҪŰɱˡ
ѹ˵̬࣬Ƶеʵڲб̬˵㡣
ڳ⡣
ɱղ֪ûʲôס
ȥ˼У
Ѻ˭Ѻ񡣡

ƱŶ볡ĹвϴƵҲ˵Ѻע¡
ƱҪһ㻨ǮȫѹǱߡҪҪһѺ
һɣϺ˭
ʲôͷ
Եͷ
ԣͽ
˲ĿڣҲѺѹͷӮ
˰ɣL3һ¡
ҪѺͷһӮ
ǰͷL0L3ıƵȫ׷ſˣ˵㣬ݹбûô㿪ͷǿҲ̡ᷭ
ֻ֪ͣǸͨˣʲôܾͷÿһڽѧϰ
㣬ʱǮȫˮƯۡ
˵ǮˮƯˡ


34 
ɱ, ϰ˵㡣
̨ϯѾվڣߴvipżˣŮ
ϵô
L3, ûʲôʵ
ھпͷĿڶǰŮ, ȸܵܵĻǰʱǲóˣ
Ů˺һϸ, ʳָָ̣³һȦڲؽȫSĿǰְûܴҵܵܡ
ASĶе㱾¡ŵζ
һСʱ, ¹ȴѾܲ, ΪѾǩ
񣡡
ķ˿˻ߺţƴٸеĺ
ڳÿƱƵˮΪ׬Ǯ, ܼʻս׵Ķ, 󲿷˸֪, һֻùԻסЩ˽ԼԸͶϲѡ, ʮϻǮ, 껹һɷ硣
ֱ򷨺ӭԽòԽѹ, Խͷ, ڳôҲΪ档
Ϊʲôûг
˵ƵҪˡ
ɱȨѡֻᱻ߳ڳ, л㡣
ǰֲûѡô, ˭񡣡

ɱ, ѡֻǰһСʱ, רŸڽӴʱ䣬һͷѹû˳ڲòֲ²⡣
Ƶ˿̻˯һֱƵסרŶӣ˵ʮ
ŵȥڳڶѾĬͷȨ͵췽˱˵ʮ˽
Ȼˣ
ҸոտƵ˵иƣвж񡣡
ʲô˼
ÿһ˻ףе㱾¡
ڶͷĺĴﵽ˼㣬׷׺ţ
վڣѾվ̨ϵĻףŷų׽ڣ̨ȥ
̧һ״
͸ʵʱͶŹĻĶʱ漤Ŀ˴ź
ƺѾȲͷ̨ϡ
˿Ӱ죬Լܣȴ˵ʼ
ŵ׼ʱʼ
һһֿ쵽µٶȿֱֱӳץȥȻǲ˳
ײڣڲٿذҲ쭵£ֻǻȻһģĹȴץס˲á䵶ֱ̳ۿȥȻԷסֱӽˤ档
ϥأһ˲ѾٴαƽⴸԴ
顪
ⴸ̨棬ʱһӡ
㿪ˣ֮ľ룬ٴһʼûü͸Ӵ̨ס
ԡ
һʼܻ׵ٶȿĲһͻף쿴һ֮ǰıٶֻ˵С˸죬ٶȺƱסˤأǰⴸȫϣһͻ׵
ʧ֣øӿ񱩣һαһأȫûֵ˼
vipڡ
ȻǰĻףҶϿ¶Ҫһ˿ǰŮˣϲˡ
ǰʱ䰢Ů¡
档Ů˴ۿԼϵ֣Ҳð㡣
˾ܾҲͦá
㡣ȸЦһ¿̨
϶˼ۣ䵶ˣһֱֻ۱ֱӳ
񽫳ϵֱڵϣУڶ׼ֱۣ˸ϡá
˷ѱʱΪȴù˷ܲѣƴ̨ϵ
ʧȥֱۺ̵֪ԷʲôĶսбѹƵĸоԽԽǿʵǻ⡣
ϰֻ߱ѹƣڳܻøӰƴո죬˫䵶УӦˮƽ
ڼѪΣҲܿӮ
Ļס
Ѫλɫ
ãѪѾڶAףЭƽ⵽κֽš
õ䵶תٳһԲܣֵڵϮ
һùڿˡ
ҲУ
ͷе㱾£ôС
̫ˣȻһƴ֮
񲻶ϱƽץסʱⴸֱϡ
ͻ׺Ȼء
ˣͷҪûͷˡ
֪ϲһУǰѶֻ׵ͷ
ˤڵϣ˲ʹһλӰⴸζ׼ǻײա
Ҫء
ٿػף˫߿ⴸ˫ȭ
ŻײյλùһѪ³ֱŻ׺ݺˤڵϡ
ܳ
ߵѪûвֱӲٿػ׷𣬷Դ
Уͣһ룬סӣͬһˤ
Ҳסˤһ𣬶ԷѾ׼ײա
ޱٿػ׵ۣԹڿĽǶȺٶȣڲ
Դ󣬱֮ǰû˽ͷʲôͺŵĻ׶֪֪ܵԼһʱԭء
ѹûиĻᣬһȭһȭԴϡ
ܳ׺˲𣡴һֱֻۣģҪǮ
ԽԽֱҹȥʮ㡣
ͷ񶼱ˡ
й૵
ڡ
´λðӹܻܵͷʡñ˼ȭˡŵˡġ
ȸòġ

ȫ˼£ԼʣһֱֻҲˣɴͣ£ÿ˵ֿʼס
ֽŲ¶Ĺؽڡ
ۿŵɫؽڣûֲʵĹؽڣܻﶯֽţ
֮һȭײգԵֱ̨
һֱֻҲȫûãӱ۰򴦿ѣָԼĵĹȫ顣
лûӮȽĻҲ̨
˻
ϯ˵һƵĶ
̨ϣ˼ƺҲûϵ
ʱڻع񣺡ϲͷPKʤɱսǱң
Ϣʱ˾ɱպ񻹲ӡ
ͬʱյ֮ǰѺעĽֳɡ
Ȼһѹ
ͷʲôҪ˵𣿡мӻײڳϹʡ
ɨһ۹ϯͷԲоŵĻͲһߣ
ӡϯλΨһͶйڣ˫ɧʱ򣬺˧
ԱߵѼô̬ҹ³ˡ
ž
ڣȸϣĿ䣺ͷҼסˡ
ȸڳºڳڽŵѡ
ǰѡѰ¼ӰӣںڳѾϽΪڳ½׷ɱ
ںڳҪ˵գȸȥ
߳ǽһѪ˳ֲ̧ɾ
ڳܻǳ׻ˣղʱһۣҲջˡ
ĽѺעֳɣ˿ԼһܻףǺõ֡
뵽⣬ý


35 
ڳĲ㡣
ĳ䷿, ڲǳ
ʱ276룬ȷе˵ͷֻ54ͻȻΪʤڼ仹Ǽܻסźɫ˿˯µ˿, ̧ʾԱߵ, ʲô
һѻνСͬǰһ˽ͣǻʦõĹߡ
ף˺Цһ, ĿͣԱ߹ĻϣڵСľأһϻ
ƵĹĻԱߺȻıƵ

˻ѧУҹ, û˿ϵˡ
ղ, ӻײڳѣΪҲ఼ȥһ飬Ӳ, ʱ˵ġ
ŶƤ, ȥƲ, һҪǮ, ϲĸо
·ҩʱ, ˳һҩͿ
ڶһҩζȥѵ, μߵѡ, ʮλΧ۵ĶѾУӵѧ
´Ҳ˳ί֮һ
ʲôȥˣ, Ӹ, ˭֪һŵô̱ǵҩζ
ҹϲˤˡ۾˵Ϲ
´һˤйص, 𣿡
˿Ϊ, Ű˵Ⱥ
ʮλѡߣֱȽϡ֮3SԱΪ͡
ڳУʽԱ򲹳Ա󲿷˶ڿȻϵˣ׷۷ʲô
´ȹʮѧʱһ㶣ҲûΪʲô
׵Ǽҳ㷹Ǹ֪⣬ǱҪһ㲻Ʋգʮֲʡ
´ָѵͣʮģգαģգ趨ˣǰԼݵȥɿʼ
ʮ˰ʦ֣ߵģǰ
Ѫλװģϣͷ£ȴʼ
ѧУ֮ģΪҪѡ.ߣѧˣɼãأƲҲҪһʱƺãѵʱ䡣
ģնѧҲлģ伸ٷ֮ʮģ³һȻΣУЩѧľֶΣֱԽģձбס
ʦڼѧǵݣ´һһ߹ȥͣģǰüݰϵʹֵ
һ첻֪ôģججִġ
´ȶֲϸΪЩ
ˡ
ʦһ£ȥԱߣ¿ʼ
˿ѧģУΧѧԴӸģϷĹĻѡ֡
һоЩϤͺ㡣
ⲻ֮ǰѵģͨأ
µ֤ʵ뷨û֮ǰѣǵؿֱӦ֣Ҳ㲻ţѾԸ顣
ѧ͵һʼк㵹ѣֻҪӦˮѹһвѧֽš
˵ߣΧ۵ѧһδϵҪ֣ؼ
Ϻ츳ίʦһӱʮҵڵʦ̵з
´˫ֱۣšüĶģǴSѶȸģʦһ£ʺAѧ
ӵһ εڣδ̫졣
ҾгAˮƽίʦȴģճЦ
УһAˮƽߣǺ¡
շ˹˹УУֻA״ڣԱASײޣֻھУSѧֶϲ㣬Żֺߵ
һAˮƽߣָõĺãԵһͨSԱ
´üǱǲҸоɵ
𣬿ͦԣɸɾġίʦǸ꼶ģ̫˽⡣
´ȵĸѧҹ.ǽȥưɣУײϡ
ίʦ⵹û뵽
ģճԼ㲻ǰԭ⡣
ϲ´ȵݸһɫ£ͼһǹǹϲõ塣
ʦʮѧʲôʱңĵĻѧ֣Ҫĩˣòʮѧ֣ҲñֱӴظ
´ȣѧ֡
ллʦϵеĹ⡣
´΢Цƨ꣬վһȥʡġ
ˡ
½ֳλѧõʣµϯλ
ĩ쵽ˣʦˣһܶڿԣѾƺĻףҵæϺ
ǮûޣҪ󲢲ߣͻףҪװںѷΧڡһǱң󲿷ֻ͹ؽϣҵƽƳ̨ס
ҲûʣǮںƻֱջ
ˣվڹʦ˫̫ټˣϧλSҲǲˡ
Ļպã׻ˣҪһ̨
̨׵ľ飬̨Ӧû˳ֺܶࡣ
ϴɱձĻ׹ؽڣһֱǳɫ
ϰ壬ûмֵɫؽڣ
ؽڣɫ룬ҪС
˵գӹ̨һɫС۹ؽڣкɫɫɫ
һ۱֪һĶͿɫؽڡ
ϰû׹ҲˣûȥԼĻס

ǰϣǳɫĹؽǰȥɴϵӦɺӡ
ǳɫؽڣӦɺ˼Σֻɫؽڡ
Ϳɫؽڡ
ͿɫؽʲôӦɺʵ

Ƶл࿴˿ͣͿɫؽھؽͿɫͿɫһһʱ֡
ʶʱֵӦɺˣɫؽڲͿɫؽڣһSרõĲʣо
ֻҾ
ҾṩŻҾתӦɺӽ͵ľ壬ɫʺSͻϣЧֹؽĥ𡣻ɫҼ̣ͻϡͻһõǻϾ
Sͻףѹû
ǳɫؽǻ
ӦɺҡͷֻϾĥĹؽڣ־ѵõĲʣŴ䡣ļģ
֪Լ.Ǹѧ֮ǰ㿴Ƭû
㳶˼Ҷ˵绰
Sס񲻺ϳĲԷ׷Sס
ֻһؽڣһSõĲʣôʱ䣬֮ǰ3212Ƿ¥Ǽɫס
ƺǴҳʱSף
ҲSһԼSס
룬̫ܣAһ̨Ѿôˣ⻹Լ֣ûʲô״ʦķá
ҪSⱲӶҪƶС
ҲԣʦSױѧУṩģлʲôȼ۽
пţʵʵԼAסѪζգûʲôѱܼʺԼĻס
ĩ죬ûнУӵѧԷż٣УӵҪѵһֱѮһȥ۶Ǳ
ڣƤʦͨѶûпչһ档
㲻ˣƤʡ
ʱܻȥҪУѵμӺշ˹˹
Ƥе𾪣Ǹշ˹˹
ͷĽָӵȶǴġ
һɫ֪ƤˣֻAУӶѣԱ
СҲʦԱЦŵ
ԡƤʦҲܻȥɳ棬ǽƱ;ƵҰǶ
㷢ˣƤ
Żûϵľ޿ӲͷƤŵǮˡ
Уǹȥ
ƤԼʱ䣬ʰɳǡ

ʦʦôǳȥתתЩץʱǼܻףϳȥ
ڷżˣУѵٷУɽ
Ϊÿ찾ҹ³࣬ƤԵ쳣Ŀ
ǲڱѵʡ
ûС
ûСһСӣҪĬ㲻Ҫ
ڶУһӡ
֪ѧ㡣ܵϢʱ䣬ۣ˯
ԡÿ϶ʲôҹ¶֮ɫ
ڵϣںߣȥưɱĵϣ顣
𣿡Դתͷϵڣˣȥ㣬о嶼Ϳˡ
ѧ㣬ˮ뱧żƿˮݸСӵˡ
Ҳɺϣպ÷ڶһӣ˶Ϥֱѡ֧Сӡ
ѧܣĸʦģоʵ
ԱСڵĻʦҲŤͷ
ĿһȻиϵģ˵ʦSʦ졣
Sʦ˵ܻ׵ҲSʦЦ
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һĻʦƢܹŹ֡ԱߵĻʦ廰ĻƽȺܺãȶAײ
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ûӦԻʦĻᣬһSףA׵ʲôͬ
ԱߵĶ붼һ̫ܳˣôԼףǸ׵̡
ôףⶼ̣ʣά޻ά޻ף⵱ȥƣ
һѡϱ˵ĻҲϲ
֮ǰʦ˵ɵû뵽Ϊ˴زʦ֮ǰһˡ

ʦһ飬㣬Ťͷпʦû㣬ⱲӶ֪ܲѪΡ
SʦSײΪһһƣеʱĻԵָУͬһʦõͬһֲϣҲһһģһĻס
ѪSʦģǰ׵ΪAжҲΪ
AһЩױôģҲҲʵѡãӴ˽ʧڴǰ
ܸܲϽ飿߻ʦӣһⶾֵľԼס
˿ˡʦܻȫԼϣݰ壬ͻϥǹؽĥеѧƽʱע㡣ܡţͦã
ҲͦáͷǰĻ׺úܶࡣ
оԼ˲١
ҼǵܻµģƽʱͻγУ϶ȲŻߡʦݰ壬С֡
ʲô֣ʣõܻףر𱦱һ㻵
Ŷûʲôƽ̫ˡʦݰ壬ѵȥԡ
ͬС佱ͬҲܻòԤٶ㣬øá
ףѾжʱûȥڳΪͷûлףͼѾ˳ھ͵ȵæϡ

ϣյϢ˵мûҵĻˡ
ҹ͸ȥڳһ㣬׼״ܡ
Ϊʲôվ棬ԼѾõʣһܻܲһ򵥣
ǰʱһܻףһܡ
Ҫ֪ףʦҪϸ֪ڲṹӣһܻף򼸸£ָܻȫ޽Ƹǿֻø֪
𣿡ڵϣʰͼֽҪѼǮںΧڣܼٻ׹һֱѡ
˵ȫһ˼ڰϻ
𣿡
ʶ֮ǰ׸Ҹˡͼֽϰʲô
սԼǰʮǰơ㣬ҪˡȻܸȤ֮ǰɱգĻȫԻˣ䵽ȥײڳڶ˭Ӯ
϶ԥռ˻ױˣʽ꣬΢һ¶
Ʊˣѡ˺ŰһţҸǮ
ڶ죬ڵһ׵£õƱĵţԼȥ㿴
ڴڲ棬һᣬһĶã򿪹ԣֱƵ
ƵУĻѾ޺ˣվ̨м䣬ţѡ֣һŪԷ̬
ײգ˿Ϊűʼ
ȷʵʽһ㣬ȫͻף׹̫ãѰAϣֻбѪŰһ·
ӯͬѧ̿鼶𣬽ͻ׵ᷢӵ˼£մıߣֻܸӿꡣ
ڲ̨ǰҧŻ׵һ̧ͷĻе˶Ծ
˵˵ģӺϱþȫأƳᶼûϡ
ԸиԼô
Ȼл׵ӰأÿһжؼĲλǺ֮쳣ġ
ĻУжĸؽڣ.ֱӹᴩ˫ϥ̨ϡ
¿еĻƬ
񲻸ģȻ޷Լ׸󣬽L3У̨ϣ͵Ϯ
ֱת߶Դûκλᡣ

֮ǰͦ˵ʲôʱôϢһˡ


39 
͵Ϯ, ԼһͷĻ̨̌˵Ϊ, ̨ܴӰûгںڳڡ
ȻǺ󻰡
һ߶Դ, ֱ̨ûüʤĸ롣
̨϶ڻȻ֮ǰһڲϲ, ðͷ·Щ, ֱ˳
ڹڿӰ, ɸп, ֻһֱӡ
ɱƺ˲١
Ҳ֪ʱʲôȥˡ
صԣæϵĻ, Ժø֪̽ڲ, , ϵһ˿Ϸ졣
ɣһǿ˸, , Ϣһʱ䣬ڵſ, ϰһ档
ͻȻյϢҪҪһμ
, ǺסúõôҪһμ
ͦϤһԵĵչϢ, ܲܰҪǩ
Ƴ˵һ, ʶ, 淴ϰ忴ø
Ϊʲô㲻ֱý˽ҡͷԼ档
仰ǱԣԱص˵н˽ȥһԶID룬¶棬ұ˹Խ˽ָӵ߱ˣ˿棬ԼԼID
üһȻĸ綼һ
ˣҲֻܽá
ڳ棬ҪˣڻҪиʦ
L3ִ򷨣һֺ֮ǰǵpkһͻһĻֺǱҽֻᷭǰûҪˣҲʶ
֪ˣͻףһиóͻסӦû˼ǿְ񡣡
ְζڿһֱõıꡣ
ͷԣֻĩпա
ãǻҲֻĩʱ䡣
ͷL3ĸأ
뿴ѵ
Ŷڵһ򣬸ս

Ҳ֪еףͣûϵҸԿ缶սӦþ
տϢյϵͳ֪ͨƼˡ.㡯
ѣǿȼӺѡ
IDͦ¡
ID¡
һʱ֪ǣǡ
˸.ѣԷͨϢǸˣ
صͷʺš
.㣺ĩһǣ
ͷõء
.㣺˵ôҲģ

⻹ǵһֱָˣʱһȡ
˺潨һȺһͲȡģСٷڳ
ͷ˵ĸ
ʽĵ׸̾

ΪͻȻȺ׵Ľּӿһ㣬;ѧһȫоһôѪεı䡣
ѪθܴﵽܸĵĵطֻĶҲ̫󣬷ƻƽ⡣
һϣڳ»ڹɡ
˳ԹȺڣԵҡͷ
ͦõġõæ˲ݣûʲô⡣
ĴָҼĻʦ
á
㣬ֱԼڴ档
һȥԱվŸߵԣĴš
.㣿ǰк
ߵԶ˰Σͷ.㡣
ͻȻе
ȥӡ
ιˣҪڴĻϽ֤֮Խpk
ɡɣƺ˿ں֡
.㱻ǳƾһƤ񣬰ڳҲ𺰡
ڴϽ֤ɡٷڳŶӣ漴pkء
ɸɣѡ
Ÿɸɡ.Ʋ죬ȴȰȷϼ
23̨ٷڳvsӡ
ͬʱյֺ̨š
߰ɣ·.һκռ˵ˡ
ڳǵܻף̨Χ23̨ǰû˱ֱӴͨȥ
շųףԱߵĸ.ˣĻ󣡡ⱲӻûôĻס
Աߵסˣ֮ǰʰ쵵ĻףȻûܵĳ
̨ȫȫԭ̬ûоκͿɫõĲǷֱҵģɫȫͬϻ˻̶ֳȣһ㣬ǰһ㡣
ָоͺ񡭡ÿһܻ׶Լ·ͷĻû·˳
۾
Դǣѡ
ͿɫǮʡһʣʱ̣ͷǿЦġ
˵ĺеɸ˼
һվ̨ȥˢˢĿϣϯһЩΪ磬޾ɵĹڣĻҲһѹ
ͳһ̾ϻôĻס
ȲûôĻװɸţԶס˺
.˵㣬ƺôһ
ֻ׶һмַ忴˫ôѡֻͬһȣǲͬͻױȡ
˫಻˽£Ͼ˭ǰ棬˭
ɸֱӵһȥӭͷǲҪǮڹ
ûô.ˣһŹӵͻףһ߿
ɸɴȥûһʧֵģƫƫܻ͸ģֻȥ
ǸͻףƫƫܴϿӯ
Ҳû뵽ٷڳӵͻôǿԸͻҪȥȶѣץס.ֱ
кϢУ˲ͨ״ײڵˣδָоѾְγǸһνͽڣֱƻ˻ײա
Բۡ
ˣɸһμһʱ䲻ô򷨱ôײУֽõǰûô
ǰȻ߷ɶֻ֣Ǳƶ䣬㵽Ϊֹܶ͵Ϯֱһ߶ԴҲͬκᡣ
ȥĽ
Ǳ˼˲Ҳæվ̨Ͽһ˾
ͷʲô򷨣ֱӸɸվԱߣױ۵

һλѡֿѶˣɸɵĻȱˣһҪƴļơ
ˮһ׸ģȻʣҲ˿Ŀˡ
̨̨µ˶ʱһͰ͵Ļٶͬһ㣬Ͷֽ
䡪
ԷĻϰ֮һֱӹײձ¶⣬˽Ӳ̧Լͷ漴ˡ
ʶ˻ͦ˼ɸ˻ףԱߵ˵򷨸ɴ䣬һɡ
Լ׻һӻڳ
һɸɱе㱾¡


40 
Ŷӣ
ڳĲ, ˲죺ͷ
ԣǽһڴ֤ŶӣѾڱȵĳ, ȫӮ
˼һ˭
IDи㣬ܽģʱL3ˡ
, ǽ˻ְһ˫ֽϯǡ
ǡ
ûпǣ, ʱ˭ԼȥǡΪζ, ĽĶʵ
ٷڳŶӻڲͣ, ûôϣ, ÿζܲԾλ, ܶද, ûʽ
, ɴ࿴ϲʽֱӵӦڶϡ
ͷ, 治Ҫһ³Ͷ, ͵ѧǡ
ҲѧҡҪƤ
ѧ, Ҳֵѧĵطɸҡͷ, ·̫Ұ, ѧ
ȡڼ֮
ɣҾеģܲܿɸ̾ûһܴģ˵˼ġ
ͷ˿֣L3ֻһսǰʮ
Ǿսǰʮ
˶ͬѡս
ò˵ս׬ѶǸֵ£ֱ޺֮ǡ̶죬յֿʼҲ
صѧУԷÿͶҪһ
θ޵׶𣿡һ˫ʵ
׵ĶθڴʮʳźüһԵ˲δԵ̫ˣǵڼˡ
еͷҲ̧УѵѧУṩʳ
ѵһҲԲҡͷÿʮ죬ܴȥĸޣôȥ
Ҷԣ̧ͷڸϣӦҵԵġ
ǿԣΣաһУӵΪ𲻵֧УӱȺ޹ȫ֡һ£ʼигֵĸáǴǵףΪѶǸˣִ
ĶѶû˵ѶУʲô¡
ŵ˵ڶûߣѶУԱѧУȥɫѿֺ֪ʲôһֶαӡ
ҾǰӿԻһˡ
ʲô
磬ѶԱƽһס߳ҡڴѵأԭ뿴Щѧŭ޿κεӣߵһͻȻסˡ
вУ
ʲô
۾Ĵ򣿡
Ҿñͦ󣬿Ų˳ۣȴӡ
죡
죬ҿҲ
ѵмӣƬǵڵѶʦ
һȺѧΧǣҲϻףС
ڰϵƬǧٿס
㲻а˼Ҵɸӡ
û취ǳ۾ˡǹε
ѶһʦƬҳˣ
ǲſǣⲻǵŵʦʦǴĦ˹Уɣѵѣʦ档
۾ʦ߹ǸʦЦŶֻǡڴϣǴɸӣϾӵۡ
һɴȵӣõģʦûϵǵӵۣרֹ
˵գֱ̧һǹ۾ʦƬĶͷġ
۾ɫȻס˵Ļ
һֱסءĵ˵ǹܣʦӲãǵҽԺ
֪мԿҽԺʦҪҪϵʽ
ʦ伲ҽã
Χѧ׷壬λѶԱֻѹŭ뿪ѵ
֮һֱ뿪Ҳû߹⡣
´УЩ˶УЩֱ̿
ƫƫ˴š
ѧ֮£λʦƽϷԵòס
Ҳⷽܡ㲻ͷۣԴϴ׷¼ڼӦɺӶŤ
úõô͡
ֱǸȾԴ
SԱѵ϶ºͼλʦˣһǸͷһҾͿˣҺֻǸASµַ졣
ô˵ҪԼ׸Ա߽Ц
ǻʺԼϲѧϲ͵Լ磿
һʦϲͷ
ѧܿ졣ŵ¼3S׵ΨһǹĴ
ҪѶУô࣬Ҳ䵽ڵĵزĿԶĦ˹УľսԡѪսԸڲˡ
վɽߴĬŵºսѧ
ƽ꣬ڲʼֶ˭ΪͷˣǵֶԸ޵ӡ
ֻ˭صסġ


41 
̫˳, ˼ֿʼð̫֪SصĻ֪ʶ
ΨһʶSʦӦɺӡ
ѵڼ䣬Ҳֻнżѵ, SԱûв롣ӦɺѾܾûкͽһ, ˵ΪԼͽĻĵ
շ˹˹ϵҪ, ָӵͳ׵սԼʦˮƽԱĻʦֻǼ򵥵άޣҪΪԼָһԻ, ǻʦʱ
ѵûסȥӦɺӡ
ַҪѧУS׷ʲô
ӦɺӣûУֻҪǱУԿ
ַ뿴
ӦɺӶڵ, һͷѾɿݴ, ҲԼ״̬ֱƵͨѶȥΪʲôҪ
Sһϵͳ, ʱҪķѵĸ֪, һԲ, ҵĻݶӿУûǿĸֻ֪Aʦһ㲻, оʲôSмĲ֮󣬺ñȽߵѧ͵ѧλڼӼ˳Сѧ
Ͽҵֻ뿴Sػ飬涼дʲô
죬ҴȥҡӦɺǱߴΡһ, ԴǱ߿һ, ŤͷƵе, Ħ˹УղеĲݸʼǻ鼮, ֻܶдĶл״ʦĴжоƬڣֻS֪˲Խӿѧϰ
֮鿴ʲôá
ӦɺӼȥʵҴҹˣлû˵ꡣ
ʵУеĻ״ʦǣ˶ֻһоƬΨĦ˹Уɵͱʼǣ˵֣صذЩһ𽻸ʱУҪúñ档
Щ顭
Ӧɺӷһ㣬һѾ
δ˿̳ϿɵϣһǴʦʦͻ׵ȺӣǸΪˡӦɺ˵ԴԼȥɵıʼǣѾ꣬޲ô
һѵ꣬Ӧɺ˹
ˡ
ںԱߵͬѧ˵ԼӦɺӣˣϾܿSط飡
ͷһָ߽Ӧɺӱĳˣ
ӦɺһƳըһ̨꼰ͷ
ԭͷͲ̫˳һͷݲһ汻ˣĬһᣬͷ˫΢΢
Ӧɺӣ
ܼܲͷˣˡ
һӦɺӾ֪Լ˸ף̧ͷɫûȫڸǵЦ򿪹ܣͷһġȻ󷢸棬¹
ַɺӵͷڱˣ
ҷƣãͷտϧˡ
ӦɺӣһȺ
ַʧˡ
ҷƣʧˡ
ӦɺӣøͷӦøÿ:)
ҷƣ
ҷƣɳɣˣ
ַĻǽе۹֮𣿡
Ӧɺӣȡҿ۹֮𡣡
Ⱥ﷢Ϣ̧־ߡ
ߵ⣬ӦɺӰǼݣԼID
ͻȻеšվſڣ̧˳ֱϵĻĻҡ
Ӧɺӷ涼Щʲô飬ſϷˢԼIDȥ
Ҵʮƽףһȥʱ֪ܵʶ㣬оԼϾҪڻ֪ʶĺΡ
ЩȫǰıʼǣרҳԼд飬ȫ⼸ϡӦɺӴָָ
ͷ˳ǰͳһ飬Ϊ̡
һǲΰ
һƽ飬һҳֻдżɷĴ֣ķ
еһ˿˿Ծ
Ȼеͨƪ֪ʶռ塣
4008719գȥ½ʳóԷϣƥôѳԺ˼˳θۣףˣϢһ졣
4008722գ类ҶͷͷˣСԼʲôףϢ
4008804ţУ˸·ͣ۾ˣ۾ۣϢɣһʼ»ףһ

ַʮҳžһʲộ͵һɡ
ıʼǣ˼飬ͬС죬ȫ²͵ռǡ
ӦɺڼԱֲ֧ϱ侲ǣУΪάɵӣԲѧ˵ࡣ

ٸʧѵѧУѵҲ¿
´ܲԼš顯
㻹ҪӦɺӲ
ֳһ飬ɶиֶ²ۣĵʱ򿴿ͦ˼
һǸˡ
ѵôˣӦɺӴԱһ飬һ
ѵϡĵԴںڳɸӺٻУѵеȻζ
˵ˮƽֻǺǱȲˡ
֮ǰ֪ҲֻĩΪҲǴĦ˹УѧУѵôʱ䣬A׵֪֣û͸ɸɵˡ
ĳɢѧ˰ɡ
˵ЩصҲУȫԼѵԺҲ
һ㱻Ϊɢѧ׵ԼҵѵʽȫҰ·ӡ
ҵĻ׻ûɡӦɺӿϣ֮ԽʵһᡣŴʱٽѹԽԽܾԼ׻иĽء
֮ǰѾ˳ǵýһ䡣
ţѻ׵Ĺһ㡣
ŤͷͽĻף
ԣ۹УƽͨԺָӺͻʦǵʵԵͨSĻ׵ӦǾ֪ǿ󣬹ؼʱܸŻ׵ٸĽס
ûҪϴδһĻ棬ʦָӲսϣҪṥԣϼ룬ôʱӰ죬ʱû׵ǡ
֪ΪΣӦɺͻȻħ̳Ǽܳó棬˹ǵĻס
ӦɺӻȻһ
Ҵ뿪ҡҡͷתɵġ顯
λʦֱ²ۻÿ춼»˶ʡ
ϧǲд׷Ķ
Ҵһ飬ڴҵһ΢飬Сѧ
潲ǻͿɫ䣬ͼ޹ϸ𣬵
ΪһΪʡǮһͿɫԥ˰죬ջǽⱾ顣
ʦͨʲôͬ

Ӧɺӻصʵң֮ǰ̳صǼܻݣСûǮ׵ˡĻ׵ȼߣõļṹȴ쳣ӱʱһϷûʲôṹ˼˽Źȥ̶Էһֱûõظ
ȺпյȥԼˡ
ӦɺӲ̫Ծ
һʵҹƳ͵ȼ׵ˣʲô֡
ڶԷǼܻ׵ݶ͸̳ϣӦɺͼЩݣҪƵǼṹԭ
һ棬עһСţСǮȥӡûǮסĺѡ


42 
ʮڲ׽ΧĿڵһл, ͨؿ
´վѵƽ̨֮ϣŵʮߣһⶼǶ츳ѧ
ʮϯڣʼԼС, ͨƺõģ⼤, ͬʱѵʦҲС
ѧǰ, м䣬ں󷽡ָӹϲĶǰ塣
ڵģ⼤, ڻϻ¡ۼж̬ʱ
鲻ǰԽܡֻпʼüԤ, ûʱ䡣
һɢָı䷽, ѧ㸺ұߵĶ̬ޣ, ǻ
м, Ըļ⡣
ٿػ̧ǹ, ÿһżĹ켣ȥȷޱȡ
´ȵͷżڲٿ, 滬·һļޣͬʱϵʣµʦÿһΣֻһʱתơ
ؿСܸܵ·ԽԽߣ伤ԽԽࡣ
ûûˡ˵һ, ָ, ȳˡ
ָӣ˵Χô༤, ټϰʦĹ, ûжѰæѳ塣
ָӣʲôǶ֪ǰ˼졣
ΪսеĻ׵ﻯָѿƻ׵˵ͬʱСָһָ֪ӹָܽһ潫Լ˼̻¶СԱǰָӣá
ָӲڵ£Сָ˼̻¶˴Լ
AָѧУѧĸԼ뷨ʱȫ
ˣϽעΧ
Ц۳⵶ֱǰ壬һɼɱ·ڴͬʱұ۵ǹδ£ڶԸ޵ͬʱһ߶ܰһ߷ȥ
ѵΧ۵Уѧ廭棬ֻܼʮ֧Сӵ̹㣬ʹ޵ĺ㡣ǰֻһ֧ͻ֧ɼͷΣǰϡ
ôе㲻Ծ
ҲãǰǸǲ̫˵㡣
ҲмͷУȻ߻׵ߺָӵˣʡΡ߷ˣмһðʵѾˡ
ţưһ˴Ӽɱ·
6Ķ飬ǰǸͷ˭
ܲӦøǶ԰Ĺ
ѧɣһֱͦ͵ġ
Ҳпͻףں䡣
´ȿԿӵʵ㿪6Ŷӻ棬һ˱ǰ棬ںɢ
ܵġ
´ȺԱ߹۲ʦԼƿزųף߽ģ⼤ҡ
ڱдȼСȺ̧ͷ򰵴ʦص࿼ô³
涨˵࿼ٲ³
ڳ´˵һֺǹ㶯ˡ
Сӣ˵㡣´ȵһλ
ǹǹٴθ˹ȥͬʱ⵶һѿǰļޡ
´ۣٿڣֻǹǣٶ
һӣ´ȷֱǹҶǰʮ룬ʮڵĹȫա
ֹˣ´ͻȻԼˡ
ѧ㣬ҡŤͷóһ뼤ޣڳӵ´ȡ
һӵʱ䣬˳´ȵĴ·ΧתƵķλǰ
´ȿԼูµļۼۣͣ¹
ûг´ȼ룬Ӷ¼ӿ죬Ȼڵһλȥ
ղ˭ǰ棿
һʡ
϶Ƕѧ㡣
ɡ
ָָ
𣿡
ͻ׵ء
һˣһǹ񶼲
αڱʵһݴλʦ
Aʦǿ˳ᣬʮ֧Ŷӡ
һ߼Ķ飬涼Сӡ֧Ҳʵд飬Ҳǳ
ʮ֧Сл׵Ĺȫͳƺãڳÿλʦ
ߺ׵ֿͳơ´վǰߵݡ
ȵͻ׵59635790
ٲ
´ȵͷĿǰʮλһҲߡ
ɵһ½⣬´Ŀһϣͻף1003997
̫ˣ
ʱȵһߣٷ֮ʮŵˣһŰٷ֮ʮߡ
ô͵һüȻߡ
´ۺ󣬲Ǽӵ˷ԼϣǼ·
ǰʮ׵ĹЧ
ӵ⣬޵ĴЧ
Ŀһһȥ
ףôֽˣ
1565Ч1565
ֵﵽ˰ٷְ٣
Щʦסʳ´ȣʲôǶڵߣ
浣ߵѧȫ600¡
¼ų
´ȴۣ˵ԣ
¼񲻹ܿӣԿʦǡ
λʦʼӱ㲻ָӷӦܿ죬ԱǢ漤ʼͷˣֱǰ塣
ڳλʦüս³çĻ׵׳¡
Ȼ˱⵶Ըޣ»ȻԣǸͻ׵
תһ룺ʦǰ治Ǹӣ
һֵּǹδ£һĶãʮ
֧ǰ÷ɿ졣
λʦ鸴ӣҪ˵ˣҲûֵʮֳɫֵֹܾġ
ĶѶʼ
ߡ
ʦ뻮ͳһͷ
ٺ棬ּ´볡ʶͷ˿⡣
ֱʼ࿼ΪʲôԽʦŷӦ²Ϲء
һӳ´Ƚʦøвɢ˵㣺Ŷ
ֻͷûɢ.˻ȥ

Ǽûеӵôģ
´ȹ¼Ƶܾ⣬ûвķ棬ֽ䣬ÿһӵû˷ѡ
ʼΪһ츳ڿǣʮ־⡣
Ժͽһʱô
Ҽǵýʶ˺ѡ
һпܴﵽA´
AǻԳģǾ۲ܽᣬΪµĶ塣ֻ֪ǻһ·ΧһȼУȻǿ֣֮ʵϽѾָ֪Ĳ׼ΪӦõȼϸ֡
ѧڲŽӴA׵İɣȷʵ̫ˣﵽAУܰȫһ֡
УֻʹAף۹УS֪ѧ࣬һλSѧʹAס
ͬAףS׵ȴܽA׵ܷӵļ£֮Ĳڴ쾡±ֳ
´ȣѵʱУܱ
ǡ
֪ԼֶһͷΣеڿɵͿɫѧ
ɫɫÿÿûȤɽͿɫѧڱϻײλƴƴմգ־Ȼһ̨ס


43 
Ȿѧ, ʮҳɽ˺ܶ࣬ϸڲĳĳǶͿɫ, ڹʱ¶ôһۼ, Ư¡
֮, װơ
Ϳɫÿһҳͬ, 뱾, þĻײλͬһܻס
ɶÿһײλͿɫʮϸ, ģͼٰͿ, ĬĬײλݡ
Щãû鹹, ʲô
ⱾͿɫ鿴˰, ħ̳еư飬Դ, ٹ
ԴƭӣʵҲæܾû߹
һǽȥ, ˽ŵĺֿʼǿ֢ž㡣
ȥ, ȻһϢãǮ, ʶһ𣿡

ƭӣһӦ빴Լ
ѵ, ܿ
ŹѧϵĻ, ȥһ䣺Ǯ, ʲô£
ŶԷ˵ԼǮǱʶû
ư飬ԽӿͷռѧϵͼһĻݵȥٽ״ճ
ЩȫҪ֪ͨͷԽӿڣħ̳ư档
ͷʼ羱ֱۡЩ״Ȼһƴ
е㿺ܣSûô˽ɼݵٶȼӿ졣
ֻʣ»ķ
ˣУǸ˵ȥ̸£һ뵽꣬ůķڡҵĳãͬ飬ѧʼд⣬δ겻
һҳ
̧ͷưϣֻ֮һϰĻģͣĿڶʱӿһ
Ҳٶдһ㣿
δ𡪡
ͻȻоֱһȣͷȥһѪϣͷ֮ʣѪ
Ȼ̧Լ·һ塣
Ѫ
Ӧɺ˵ģSǿйSˣ
ϿԽӿӣֽѪӻЩ

S׻û㵽ȫҪɵˣ
ᣬűӣڴϣȻ淢һϢ¡
ַ˻ﻹ4342Ǳң£ǵðҰǮƤʦʦ
ҷƣôǮˣ֭
ַʱӦʳʲôˣ費Ҫæ
ҷƣ㻹ܷϢӦһʱ£ҵĺģôǮ·Ӵһ
ַ
ĩһֱӴ̨һǱңÿ߳ûôҲûʦӮǮȫˡ
ûиס
ֻҪͻմ.Ǯܴܾô࣬ͨ˴뱲Թ
Ը˶ԣ׾Ǹ޵׶
ҷƣʲôˣ
ֽӽͰҡҡͷѾˣĬĬ˸ѧ⣬ӻ˼
Ӧ˵òء
ַû£ֻ֮̽꣬ڿȻܲο
ҷƣһΣҺúñ֣
ַټ
Aֻ֪ҳϹģͣУ
̧ӣо̶ֳȻܣһԼߺʱ䣬93ӣСʱ
ÿһСʱܻһ㡣
AǿпSǸ⡣
һͷӦɺյħ̳ѣһ㿴ûǮסصϢѾʾߡ
Ӧɺʶ˵ҳ¶̬ȻSݣȻSʦô
ݣӦɺֻǿ˼ۣͨSͻģݣûʲôر
ֻͷֵģͣʲô˼
Ӧɺӳ˸оףʱ˵ͼ̳ܵSݣֲȫ֪Ϊʲô
ڴ⡮ûǮס뷨ơھǱѧSס
ȥҷʼǣ඼ҵһۼֻǲȫһͷһͷƴƴմգȻܿһ㡣
ܿûʱоˡ
ѵʱ´ȴʦվϯ̨Ͻ
µѵÿеȫͳƻܡ´ȿŵµһǧλѧ油ˣɸʦۣѡУܱδ쵼ɫ
˶̧ͷų´ȣɫ£շ˹˹ͨı˵ͨпѡ;
˽ԴӴ߳ģһѪ·
Ƕ֪Уܱڴаʲôɫеʲôա´ĿǰϣһãȻ²ؼӣɶ˶٣ڱУԱУܱǵԵˡУܱᶢ㣬ָڳ֣ϾһĿҲУܱ
´ʦꡭվԱС˶
ʦۣһƼ
͵ĽУܱ
Уܱ
СԵһĴָ̾ţư
ţư
ţơ
´ȣ
ڳУѧ
ѧУڸ칫ڣ·ϵʦǣ
չʦУܱ˭Σһ΢ͷ¼ϯ̨ܱǰ
ʱϯ̨ͶѡϵУܱģ˭¼ϻܱԣ̨ͨ촫ѧУ
УܱķԽԴŻ׳ķԣ˭ӱѡϵһ𣬱㽫֮⡣
´Ҳδϵ΢¼ɹȥ¼ĵһ仰䣬һ˲䴫Ħ˹У̵øͦĴĴָҲ¼
˶еĻǣ´ʦһУܱΪԼһĴָĸ̾һ䡮ţư
˭ˣ˭ˣ˵һţƣ
´ȣ֪ţƣܱʲôҪУ˵ġ
ƤȻˣҲûæҽͣȻôĬ
ɤӣҲûʲô˵ģȻʦѡңԺҺúøңŪǣ
⻰˵һûĻĶӡ
ܱԴʲôչ´Ȼеʵһ޸УȥĲɷû
ǵڶ⡣
չûʲôչ
룬뿴۹֮𡣡
ˣ
ʲô۹֮𣿡Ťͷʳ˵
۹˫иͷǰѺͷտϧˡ˵㽣ѻͽǶʶһ¡
´ƵĻվ̨ЦˣԸչ档
²ܣȲ˵ӦǾ᲻䣬䣬Ҳͷο߳мڡ
УܱѡúѧԱʦȥѵһ䡮ţư£ȫУʦ֮
һγ
ѡγУܱӣʦĲܱġţư
ǣǸţѧ
Ϊʮţơ
ϲõĲֹƺţиʦڣѹѵ
ʦڽһʱڣȺ·̣ӡ뾡취͵ĺӡҲ͵
Ψݱĳ´΢һЩôթҪѧϣУҲʶʶ


44 
Ǯ, ܲһģ
ǮҲһSʦԽһ
ǮҶ֮ǰǼڵļṹݺܸȤ
ǮһΣҪǮܸĲ϶ԡ
Ǯϣཻܻ

ʦѵľƣ, ȫϵ, ϡԻеණӻ, սֶͷˡ
òųصĽŲصң, ֵǽħ̳ư, 뿴Ǽֻͷֱ۵S, յôԡǮϢ
Ŀ˵ԼS׺ǮϵϢϣͻȻ
Ȼֺ£
ܺĵĵϣ
ûǮף, ʲô˵ǲSϣ
ûǮףڲڣ
ϢȺ, ƣѹԷʵףǸSס
ǼĻʲôĵģ
Ϊʲôôף
Ӧɺʵ鹤յر, ̴򿪹Եȥ
Ǯһ̨S棬һSܣSȹؽ, ѡһ
ǰӦɺӻһʼų߼, ͨSϣҪԷѡһ
ͽн̻һ, ˲һʼʹ󷽣ᱻ˶ϡ
, ûס, Sϣ
ûǮףôƺ֪ʲôṹ, Ҷ, ģ
ûǮףҪ棬лл
ǮãԸһַҰĹȥ
˦ڳһĵַ
ǮҷǼܻףݲǺܺãЩط˼ôѻ׵ķôࣿмݣܲ鷳һ£
ӦɺӷһϢֵĸо˵SʦĶúãȥĸǣй˾
ΪʲôһS棬Էб͸ż
ȶԷžһѽͺӦɺеĹиǿˣһ̨׳ʦںݽṹ
Ǯôֱӽݸң
ûǮף㷴ڣˣ
ողгȥϵעջ
ǮʦôҪݣƺ̫ס
ûǮףIDӶˡ
ӦɺüŶԷһϢ㡭
ʱԲһûǮ棬߻໴ĺӡ
ԭϻôʵĻʦ
ûǮףӺܳʱûмöȱϡ
ǮԸ⣬ҿƼȥһһзģܶʦõ⣬ֻҪԼʵǿ
һ㶼зڻΪĿģģĿǰΪֹֻɻʦ
ûǮףˣʱѲллĺ⣬͵Ͼ͸ˡ
Ǯһ淴ܡ
ûǮףлл𣿡
Ӧɺӣ
ֻûϢʣǻױǿ鶫ʲôãҲ˺ܶ飬һֱһܶࡣ
ûǮףûãҿŲϿ飬ʣһеµϹֿġ
ӦɺӣѹϣҲûҵκйصϢҲһֱʾá
ûǮףкõķԲϣڱˡһת
һ˵Լδϣַס
ӦɺӿϢȴһ֮ǰ˵ɴཫ£ǹڻױӶܿǣҪʱ׿Աγɹֻ̬Ҫúá
ҲûжԷ˵ô򵥡
ǮãӦܺܿ쵽С
ӦɺӿŶԷϸַûоȣǸַɳǵĺڳ֪
ȫ϶кڳȥƷϣٴβ鵽ӦɺֻԷ˺ڳˡ

ѵ꣬ΥӦɺһʳá
ɺ͡һԵ㡣
ʲô£̧ͷʡ
׿ˡӦɺһɨǰʱǷϣȣɿݵĳ˳һ㡣
ϲ˵̶꣬Ӻͽһߣ´򷹲ˡ
ȻˢӦɺӵĿ
ûȡ֡ӦɺںҪʱˡ
һ꣬У㶼֪У߶Щˣʲôס
һſӡ
ǵĻסӦɺӰģͼų
ֿ챨ˣҲٱܡ
Żװεǹǣ
Ӧɺӵͷԣ޻ʲϣܴṩ
ǰϸ˿
ϥǹؽڣ漸λƵĲʣԺи⼸λģķ򣬸оԱһš
ܣΣգ̨׻ʧȥйֻܷϼּˣûƿ
ʧȥζŲǽܻף̬۶鷢ʲôκæﲻϡ
У׸췽󣬶һͬ⡣һӣֶαס3SָӺ3SʦȫУּɡ
ꡣͻȻ
ӦɺӶȥꣿ
šһΣ
Ӧɺӵͷ˼飬֣ȥ
ܱôУѾ˵ţ¼ֻ
֪֪ѾƹˤܱôУܱܡ
ָӵ󡣡
ͷˣȻԱĶࡣ
꣬ٹܣ˱ҪһӦɺɫӣһ鵽ǵ۶ǡ
ͽһۣ붢
һûȥ׶ǱʲôóԵģֿʣһҪȥεӡ
ɺӣʱǳȥ䡣
Ӧɺӣ
˵һӦǵ۶ǵ۹УУȥԿΪʲôԺ룿
Ҳǣ֮ǰڿʱ֪һǵ۶ʱװģûһͷͿʼ·ߡ
ȥ˻зѵӦɺѡ
ʮѵֻʮ죬ǻǰȥʱ䡣ЩϢָơ
СӦɺӻûĸ˳״ϡ

ûʣҪȥ۶ǣŲ򼸳̨һͬ򼸳
ͷʱҪȥ۶ǣһҪˡɸ򣬡֪Ժܼܲ档
ԼҲҪȥȴʣҪȥ
ڳкܶ׵ÿȥշ˹˹ʵȥҲƱֱִ˲ƣ
Ϊֱֳоˣн˵ʱܼгûԼԼϲż
Щ˻ǷǾУӣһ߿һڵҵڳ־ݵأ̨
Ϊ͸ɸҲ֡
ԡɸظһ飬ȥ
Ҳȥſھ
Աпգǻһӡ
ϲĸѡ֣ɸȤ
ӦǾʶ˵һ֡
Ϊʲôϲɸ״ʣϸһһ˿ҧгݡ
ͷ
ɸɣ
˶ëɡɸɵֹϱͷ
ûΪ˹
λǵĲֻҪӮʮĳŶӻְһһñӣˣ˫߹ǵġ
ֹȥãԷ㿪ˡ

ҪȽְܸǡ
ɸɼڴ˵ʲôܵǽְרθڣ
ñУ⡭
ɸһװƵˣҪڸȻүҪ
Ťͷȥɸɣò˵ʱԼ˶ˡ
ñУǰϹء
ǰϹأɸ˫ֱۣ˵Ӹµİˣû
ֻװһװƵñУȵȵȡ


45 
ñмæס, ɸڳֻٰڵѡֲſԲμӣ񡣡
Ҫȥ, ûʱɸɲס
ñðλ겻һ, ϺڳĻְоۺ, λȥģֻҪкڳֲȥͺáÿһαзĽ
ʲô
ԸԼ, ñп۹, ܽǰ, ڳ޳ṩSס
͸ɸվԱ޶ԣиɸɸЦְϺܽǰ, ˭ȱһSף
ܽȥıSĻ׵, ˭Ҫڳṩף
ȱĬĬȻԼS˻Ҫ, һSס
ņֲ̃˲ѵһνҪʧܣϰŪġ
šӸɸһţʱĵʱȥμӡ
ллñһʼԼŵľӸ, ʧ
л, ǿԼʱ䣬һ̨֮ǰ
á
ܴĦ˹УУҪȥ۶, УڿʼϣһεĽѧ֮ӡ
ǰμӹУӵѧҲⲻ
ΪУԱˡ
۹УȫԱ3S, ƽͨԺȫԱ3S, ѶУͻ׵˫S, Ա3S
Ħ˹Уȥ˫S, Ϊ3S3SֻӮУ
У˫SԱӣ˵ӦҪһ׵ϣʵ3S
Ҳ˵Ħ˹Уӵ3Sʦ3Sָӣ3S׵£Ҳûκơ
3S˶ҪǮ𣿡ˣ⻹ô
һ£У3Sô࣬ǰ˫S׵ͽУܱ
ҡͷᣬǻΪԱ油һԱ£һᲹȥ
һͷԷԿ϶ǣĴУУܱһS
Ħ˹УSжϲ㣬Ա油ǿǿʣѹûжSУܱ
Ҿá̧ͷһࡣ
붼Ťͷ˵ʲô
ʳýĲеˡ

룺ãǳԶˡ
ˣȥѵһߣƻҪԸСʱ
һߣͳʳſڣǶҵģ߹תһǮ
򣬽Ҫ˯
иԷѧ仰ʵʵҭסɱȥˮȡ
һһڲ˵ݸԣ𣿡
ȥüˡ
ҲãûоԷִܴ󣬴ǵԣµĺ֢
֪Ǳǿжȸߡģ롣
һƣر󷽡
ȥһڴһݣתӦɺҲˡ
ǽôпգð̴Ź
Ӧɺӻ˵ֱ̧תǱҡ
Ҳ˯
պˮѧ˴ԭأʲô
ԭ̳ƽʱϵãֹϵã
ֱɥ
߰ɡҡҡͷŷߡ
ŲߵĽӦɺӡ
ԷѧҪҪ
һԭӣԱߵ̶̺˱ӣ˯
ˡӦɺӵ
һһڡ
Ժзﻹһɵıʼǡ
ò˵ɻֶ࣬ÿһжҪá
Ȿα׵Ľָͷϸһô׽ָͷͿɫм仹豣֮У׵ĽָͷͿָͣǰֵռǡ
УСҲǸױһָͿֳֺ񾭲´ˣҪ֪һôխˡҲǺһ죬ױдˣδ겻
ֶˡ
Ѿ֪һЩ׵ݣͬһܻףÿֻ漰ĳĳЩλ
Ϊ뵽дģܴпһ㶫
ȥ̶ȶ

Ϊʲôֻ㣿Ӧɺӷ⣬ҾѧУӦһ崲һС˯
ûôߡ̵Ľ۾ȣ˵۹УôߣǮ
㵱ΪʲôĦ˹УӦɺ
ͷβʱָ˭֪ӦǾΪʲôȣûǴӦĦ˹Уѧǵһ
ѧǰµĶӦɺǼҺϵܡ
֪3SⱲҲûлӴҡ
أӦɺ
֮ǰһ飬ǴĦ˹Уʵ޻ҺУ磬ѧУһʹصʱȷҾ
ִֿıƭΣӦɺӶҪˡ
ҲûЦʱԼСġ
ҲAģA׼޷ǣSǿҲи޶ȡ
ѪβУܱĻײֻҪûԱֶԸӦⲻ̫󡣡Ӧɺӿ֮ǰѡԻƿغܺãǻǼǰ£ڻá
Ǿǣǡ洹۵üʶʶ3Sָӡ
˯ҪȥһˡͻȻ
ôȥģӦɺʶʡ
¡תߡ
ȥȥģһȥء
϶Ը˵
һᣬӦɺӳûǴѧУˡ
Ʒ.ǽ浭
Ŷ
ѹÿ˻һ̣˯һ
˵һ㣬Ѫó
ӹһжҪĲϡ
ӺóһֹܽҺ壬ҪѪεĵһġ
շ˹˹УУӲʹAϻףʱܱ׻ص飬볡
ѪθܶõҪһĶ
⵶ٽǹҺ嵹ŽģС
ͨһϣս⵶꣬Ų鸡ϻѧУ
ţӦɺǰա
һҪҪôɧ
Ӧɺһι˯
ðǷϢȦôм䣬˫񣬱

ǰһ죬ԱУѧһվڲٳϣʦǹͬģУʡ
˴ǰȥҪóͬȥȡΡĿɨЩѧЩҲŶʮ꣬λμǣֻһѪ¡Ħ˹УڣڣԶʧ
ǡ
ǧѧۿڡ
бýٿ΢¼ɵϿգ¼һĻ뻮һľѧȥμӺշ˹˹˷ǰȥ֪˭Զϡ
֪ˣһϵѧǴԴ˴Ħ˹Уҫÿʷϡ


46 
Уͨ, ǽȥǽܱ߻лǾˡ
ۿר, ΧʦͲѧ, ֻʣ¾ˡ

λԱ, ѧҵ˺ͬɽ, ʣʶһһ, , УܱAͻס
ִֺкʲôҡ
ллѧ
·ɳƵ, Ťͷһ԰˶ĺȦ, üַ.ǽȥˣ
ȻͼƮӦɺһһء
ܺãٽҪ
ŵҸڡԱߵ˵
˾Ͳܾһ
ԭԱ׵ϤϤ, ֻüкͱУǽ
ǽڵķ䶼һãʾȥѧУ, 㻹ܷȥ, ǳA
⻰SУ˵ܴĳС
У, ЩһֱѧУûгȥĸָ, ҷġ
վӿڵĹӡ
԰, Ȧ
ȥԼĸ, һƬ, һֱĶǺӣϡͻȻһⷢһģţַӴһˡ
ᵽڷ䣬ʱû
˽ڷǽǼܺʮк䡣
УˮƽǱȽϺõġ
ҷƣû˯ղǲҩ˹
ַͷۣ˯š
Ӧɺӣͨ
ҷƣɳǵ۶Ҫ죬úϢ
һͨصԣڴϢ
ȷʵûϢãͷۡ

ǽҡ
۶Ǻڱǰǻھϰѵʮ졣ڼƱػУˣϣܿƺԼʦɨλԱλ油Ա油ѧƽʱҲܷѵ۷ʲô侲
ȵȡָڣû棬ɽȥעҪ
ɽͷ߳ҡ
ҷƣɽȥˣ
˯ѣϢظȥ˭ǻɽ
ҷƣʦܵͻ׵㻹û˯ѣ
ַѣҸʲô
ҷƣУ˵Ҫܽ
Ѿˡ
ţվñͦ棺Уȥңߡ
תһװףŶԷߡ
ӣ̧ͷŻɽıӰȻе졣
ļʱѾ߽ҡ
ָָλʦڽעú
վǰʦһѶУϲǣӦҲ⣬һ㡣ϣλά侲Ҫ˼ŭӶɲصľ档
ϰ˽ԶŹһ֣ȡ±ʸ񡣡
ԡڣַʵ
ǽŶͷͲԼѧ
ͷ֮ǴͷΪȫΧϲԼ뷨ǿб¶
ʦ㶣ô⡣
ü۵ġҪȥһ¡
󣺡
Ϊʲôоǵ
һ볡˳ϽͬʱǰϽǰнƷѡһԴ߻ײϡʦһŵ۶ǵƬ۶ɽҲɽΪʱʦҪʱݻڻסǰĽƷйء
гǩڣǶУƷһ䣬涫ȫ

ʦ΢˽ڣŷѧ뿪ҡ
һӻҳӦɺӱһǣ˱ɺͿబ񡣡
лˡװǷŽ
˳ӻҳҪȥ𣿡
Ϥ
ȷʵȥ£ôѶ˾䡣
ϵЦһգ

̫ˣΪһλѧ֣һα˵ںڳ
ˣȥѵɽվԱߵֳ˵˵ͷ
濿ײײ򣺡˶ˣ㻹ʲô
ҾͦԵġЩпԭ˲ʲôɢѧӵܣǴĦ˹У3S׵
ôһ룬УܱҲûôѣ3S׼ʻAȻҲĳ̶ȣοУУֻܱǵS
Ե㡣ŤͷͻȻһ㶣Ϊʲôܵô죿
ոתͷѾü۴ˡ
ʶͷſţȻһأ˵һڳ塣
еˡӦɺԱߵ
𣿡Լûע⵽ΪûϢãˡ
𣿳ô죿ҡͷ
ҽӪӦɺӵ̫죬Ӫϡ
㱻Ӧɺȥҽҡ
·ϣʽ棺ûлɽϵʽҼһ¡
ûʶһ¡
Ҳ˭Ҵ˭
ᷢ㡣Ҳδ룬׵Ҫʶ׵̫οǼҪս
ȥҽңҽ´ͷеˣԼôע⣿Щ׵þǲڡ
ҽ֧ӪһܵļӪɷֺܸߣӦÿȶ
飬ҽֲ֣׵ѵǿȸߣЩѧֲʮ߰꣬
ƽʱҹϵĺȦҽҡͷָһ֧ͿһͿ
ƤףȦرԡ
ллҽ

ǽϴ죬óԺú죬ǽʱ򣬾
ɽıӰûиǣԼͷ
ȥϽͻɽǣҪڣ෽һ
Ħ˹Уһᣬǲδһǽ͹
һ췢߸ϴżװͬ飬ֱɳҲֻǽˡ
δӦʱȥһš
ǷˣҶ֣ѶУں
Фʱ󳷣ЦĦ
ҲֱӷסФ·һƻӹȥϡ
ž
Ϊ
ͷ˿Լ֣˵һ䣺Ǻ
ФŭҪ֣ɽס
ǴĦ˹УȻһ
Ƕ֣ȡʸ񣡡
򿪹ԣҵ˹շ˹˹涨ھϰ֣ȡ߱ʸ񡣲Ǹۿڣ㡣
ͨѧǽĴĦ˹Уʦ
һתǾͿʼˡ
ǽͣڸۿڣƽͨԺЩ˳Ĭྲû˳ǿһֱۣϰߡ˵ѧǸϸսʿ
Ҫҷ㡣ƽͨԺ߹ФɫĿֱۻ£һܱ
㲻ĺݻѶУʦǣ淢һϤĴ۾ʦһȥֿ飺ʦþò


47 
ѶУѧѾȫǽ, ʦվǰղФƣվڲԶ, û˿֮⡣
鷢̫, ֻһĶ⣬ԼѧŭĿӡ
ŴĦ˹УǱߴڹһѧ, üֿסƽ֣ʦ, þò, Ӣ˵㡣
˻һƽѾܵΧͬУʦѧ˹, ƲԼĹϵǴĦ˹òΣԹֺǣ
·ûĻŤͷ룺ʦ, к֮ǰ˵ȥѶιۡ
ƽû˵仰, Ҫͬµ, һĦ˹УļSҲˡ
ʦ֮ǰ˵ϲɳǵز, ڴĦ˹, ʱ, ʹˣѧУûиʦȱʦʲôʱ
ԭʦ, һֱǸˡҲչ, , ûиղͻһţı˶Ǹ˵ˡ
ѶʹĦ˹һֱͷôĦ˹Уѧ˵ˣֻѶĵˡ
Ҫ˵˵ʲôʱǸˡ۾ԭϢȻ޴棬ֻʣܻ
ǣǺˣʦѹȴ㹻ԱѶʦһ
һʦҵһ⡣
ɳزɡ
ԭԼԵģʹ͸ˡʦ
麰ƽʦ⣬Ҵк
һӵģУˢˢһ䣺ƽʦã
֮֮˭˲ƽܵĦ˹Уѧ𾴣
ʼѶУʦѧȫǼSѧ˵ĻƽδʦôܺʹĦ˹УϹϵ
һͰˣĦ˹Уƽòмʲô
˿ѶѧʦƽĿⶼ
Ǹǣ⼫пǴĦ˹УĹƣ˾£˭ƽɡ
ƽڵѿһͬȥĵԱûйû֪ԼȥĦ˹Укʧܵĸӡ
ˣϽٸ˺˻
߳ǽͿʼ£޷һʱᷢʲô
˿ֿ򼸸SԱԭò.ʱըֻһƢôоը
ٿԱУƺһ㶼ȡ

ǽۿڷ£ܿ촫УС
ƽͨԺײˣ˼ֻбȤ
Уһϵۿڣʦ£˲ס
ФôǴˣѶУؿˡ
ǵ۶ǸۿڣϽѰ£ٶֻе۶ǵգʮա
Ħ˹У˶֣۶ǲܣ
˵̫죬۶ѲûӦ桭ʦһ죬Ħ˹ѧѶʦк顣
µ۶ǵѲһʱ䲻֪ǲǻþ
ͬһʱ䣬۹УõĲֹϢеʱۿڵļ
ֻ¼ФУܱײȥԷֱܿͷ꿿ںɫƤαϣתϽָФȻûAĹ
ӦǾû˵վڳǰָǰƵȣĿڴĦ˹УԱϡ
ڹ۲·ڼ䣬˵ķӦ
̶̼ӣȥ״̬⣬ĸѾʼϣĬ
ӦǾָָ̧ĻϵһˣУܱǴĦ˹Уͻƿڡ
Ħ˹УѶţһۿھֳ£ѶŹǡ3Sͻ׵˾ͽεƽͨԺ鷳ÿ궼
ƾǣתָǵ۹У
ӦǾŹϴĦ˹Уʦǣǵ겻һ
Ϊ3SԱǡǲʲôƣ

ǳԷѵĵط
ǵ۶ǣ̫Ǯˡ
ϰոոµģ
Ħ˹Уһѧ׷׸̾۶ǻ豸ںˡ
ӡ
ϰ㼯УľУȻ޿ɱУѶѧĦ˹ѧ˵ɳ
ӵѧһŭ֪ʲôɫƽû棬ȷʵӣֵܼ£û취ѧУ̫ƣûʶ
Ѷѧ
´ȥǰװǣϣУó⣬úÿӣҲӿۡ
װܱﻹãԱߴĦ˹Уȣһû𣿡
϶ģ˼ѶƲϵ۶ϰ
û˵ȵ۶ǺáѶѧ⣬Ա߻е۶ǵѧʱ۹Уǲô죿
Ħ˹У·û롮Թ԰״̬С
Ҳȥۣǰװǵжá˵ѧôӡ
˵գ̾

һˣ˰죬Ťͷʽ棺˵Ϊʲôô֣
Ϥġ
򿪹ԣ̳һӣ
ҲҪ֮Ļ

lzǣڸۿеˬˣ෽о֪ΪʲôˡǿԸ֮Ϊѧҷż䳡档
ƬΣ¥ҵߣְ档
lzѧɱΣûʮҲа˸ˡӽ𣬴ҿԶѧѧĻϿֿ޶̧֣ǣһһ
һѸ־ҪΪʦ
ҲûôɡӣԥϾֻһͨͨˡ
ӣƽˣΪͷʺãѶʦФϣӡ
δ̫խˡҡͷʦΪ޴ףֻǴкѡ
Ŀһɨ߹ӾߣˣȻУ鷳
һߵıӰʲô
ۡ˸ɡ
ѵûжһ飬ΪѾᵽ⼸˾һ˵ĺô
øۿǼ˵˴3S׵ˣƽ£ֱǹˡ

Ӿü
û˵ڳ£ҲһֱǸϵʽ
ҪҪһ𣿡к
ллѧתһ
Է˵һӵģ˼£˵ʲô
ĵѧ
һŮѧк
ȹȥһˣȳԣ᲻õҡ
̧ͷһڣӵͷȻ޴棺ѧѣ
˵ѹŮȥ
Ʋ죬ͷԷ
ȭסһɸɡ
ȿȡ
Ǻס̧ͷȻ˵ʲô


48 
ſŶղ˵ʲô
ɸɡظһ顣
, ϢĿͻȻ˵ɣ
ͻɽûκ͸¶.¡
ҡ.ָָԼͷ
ͳһ, ʾ
ѾΪðͷȰĵһвУ빴ңҲס

򿪹ԣúڳ˺ŸϢ
ͷ֮ǰںڳûôţ
Ϣ, ס, ̽ͷ԰ţ, ǵͷ
ɽһֱ˵ͷɢѧS, Ҳõͷ, ôͻȻͬУУܱˣ
Ȼɽɣǽ, ϳ, ˵¡
ؼ, Ϲͷ㡭˵֮ǰװģ
ԼˣΪɢѧ
ǻΪǡڸۿ£ѹɧôϤ
Щֱ˵̫á
Ҫֱӣα֪ʶ, Ҳһʵˡ
Ǻǡ
ԭ˵ԼţƵ㡣ڰͷʹеϣ㣬ͷ
˵ʲôŮ˵, ¹ĵ, ʶʵ
Ƣ, ˵ֶ, һѵʱͽ˷ѵʦżҲܱʹȥû뵽ܺĵôá
һͳһ뷨.²֪
˵ʲô𣿡˿ˣЩ죬ͻȻĬ
۸ոŮ˵ʲô⣬ѧ˵
е㲻˼ûʲô֮ǰлҡ
ѧ֣üʡ
ʱʦϲҾԱߡº͵ҶҪһʧһS׵ԶǾ޴ʧ
̧۵ѧǽѧУµʱûгְæõ
ߵЦֻ֪ǡ˹ء
ҲǲܾȡǱ߿һۣرûһлл
αʱѻرû˵
ôݵ
ոǸУѧˡѱҪ
һԱͣ컻S½ܱʵAǿ
ǿõĲAףһû
Ħ˹ܳԿ󲹳䡣
֮֮ǰİΪʲô뿪һᣬͻȻ
˼죬ֻһݣζͶ
У˳緹ɻȥϢҲȥѵ͵͵ߵͨɽͨѶ
ߴϡߴú󣬶
մߣɽͨѶ㿪ˡ
ǡɽϤһ㶣漴ԼûдߣʶͨѶˡ
һᣬɽӦ֪Լ.ֻЦ²ȥ
ʲôɽüԱߴź͵ͷһߵˣѹ˵ڳ¡
⣺û˵ǵͷϰˣ˭
˶ڽľͷֻ׼ɽϵľ
ϰ
ɽԺ˲ѡУŮ࣬ʮϯֻˣͻ׵Ůֻһˡ
ɽüУôÿɳǣ
ȡԼߣˣͷ˭
ɽı飬ƽղԼ׵Ĳƽ⡣
ȡ£ҡ
ɽУܱ㡭
ȹ벻֡
ɳǣÿĩʵɽһֱΪͷSĦ˹УڵSʶԲŻ۵ͷɢѧ
ûǳA׵
ͬAףAͨSȷʵ̫֡
ǳȥ۶ǵĺڳȤ
ʾܾҪȥ䡣
ʲôʡ
ȿ۶ʲôԵġϻǮ
Ҳȥպ͵ͷףôҲҪ飬ǵ۶ˣȥ䡣
ߵ㵽ϰɽûܾ
ͨѶҶϺȺﺰӦɺӣ˵һȥ䡣
ɺӴʦûգҪ⡣
ҷƣһȥСĵ㣬˶࣬žͷ
һλͨϢʱԼĻ˵Ҳġ
ַǲǾ˵
ҷƣҶǸѧġ
ɺӴʦɽǮ
ַ
ҷƣɺӣ㲻Ծ
ɺӴʦģһǮҺƭ
ĺѽҷɽȺ
˵ȺϷͻȻʾôһ䡣
ɺӴʦ@ҷơ
ɽĪİȺַ˷ϢӦɺ˵ǮƭϢ
ɽ@ɺӴʦ
ӦɺӶˡ
ߵʱ򣬻ɽӻһȥ۶ݻĵط䡣
SףͷһҵһŻס
ͨSסеϧSӻͦģֺڣû
ѧΪ˫SǿǿȻҲһ˴ŴĦ˹У⼸꣬û¡ֱǵ͵ľ磬̫档
߽ȥ㱻ƺһۣȷĻס
ǰҵΧ̨תͿɫһ㡣
Щ߰»ݣȻǲȱݣȻԿֽṹܡ忴Э
ڵĻףһ飬ܿʧȥȤȫжS׵
ɳǹ㳡ϣУǼףþޣSеӡ
ֻһЩͨʦĳƷУɽվԱߵ
۶Ǯ˲٣Щ֪ûS˶ִֻòϣȥղء
˴ӵڳȥߡ
ͷ֮ǰһУִܱϣõȻ㣬Ͳˣʱó㲻ҪķŪǼܱ
վһ˵̸һİжûС
˴ӲڳıôһĻ
һʼȼټԱʶΪǽӦɺӡҪȥоϸһԱ
һϣսʱδйָܡ
ΪʲôֺͻɽϤˣ
ɽⲻˣѾԶˡ
Ǽѧ˳Ŀ⿴ȥϵ׵
мǸǳAУְ̧ܱ˰ͷвԤԽԽǿҡ
δԲ̫ƽ
ʱܳ档
󣺡
ӦɺӲǽ£Աų档
߰ɣѾˡЦЦżһҲ
˹Сʱɽ⣬ȥ˵۶һЩĵطŻȥ

۶ɽ𣬵ֵɽشѵģ̧ͼĿǰͷûȷеĵͼ⼸Ǳĵͼ
ͬһɽش۶ǹͬһط
׹ؽڵķܿȡͻ׵ĻҪװӦɺ׵Ľ顣
ʦȥά⣬Ҫʱ׵幹졣
ɽߵô󣬵ʱУע⡣ѵ𣬽Լڱʱȷһеõͼϸǡ
ǡ


49 
ĴУǰ, ϤΧϰ֮Ϊʮѵѵ, ɽýɷá
ѵһ, Уͷһȫ, ΪпĻᣬ˵֡
Уǵһϰ, ѶУʹĦ˹Уʱ, Уһ
·խ, ߹һУѧҲȫԲͨ, ѶУĴͳҪôĦ˹Уù, Ҫò
ͷФ, ·𿴲Ħ˹Уֱ߼
ۿҪײˣͻȻŤͷѶǿ߹ˣϽ·⡣
Ħ˹УˢˢŲԱҲ, ֻʣ´״̬
ѧãҪȥֽ
ɢȥԻʱ򰴵, ǴĦ˹ܻͶԷУһ, ǰ漸Ҳ, ˿Ц
ֹ, ѶѧҲȻе졣
ѶУߴĦ˹У·Ħ˹վԱߣĿ⿴ǡ
񺮡
֪ΪΣѶѧͻȻ
׵ѧУȥȽϺáФЦһãһ߱ǵų
ѶУţƣ̫ܺ粢磬۹УʲôǲӮ˭ӮΪУϿģ߻·
һ˵꣬Ťͷ档
浱Сȣظһ飬˳̧ʾⱳУӸϡ
ϰ˴Ħ˹УΪѶУ͵
ѶУܳ
ǺںʱƽͨԺ˺͵۹УˣʱԻֳס
Ħ˹У˷ˣ˾ͽοǰ֧飬ֻ뵽͡
ӦǾĿȴУӺںŵĽ棬ӣǳָӵ׺ͳָӲһ
ǱѶУ˿ȥԼĿյϣѾǺ˭ôҪɧ
·ΪѶУ顯ںŵĴĦ˹Уˬ
ҾˡһߣĴָ
ԸҪˣҪҪĵѶ˶λ̫͡
Աߵܽˣ⼸ûٱѶѹ۸һʮ£ÿУܷĦ
ԭõĽ취߱˵·ñ·ߡ
ĻʱУվλУʱǰšƽͨԺڵһλǴĦ˹Уλǵ۹УڵģһλѶУ
ԱվǰУܱվڶĩβ棬߾У鿴ȥ
ƽͨԺѧѧԲ̫һ֯ܣվú󣬱ûжʯ
̫˽ƽͨԺתȥ۹УԷУܱҲͬվһš
Уܱ
ӿǣ⻹ӦɺӸġ
ָ⣬ָŵ۹ܱȥ
ǵȥһ˲䣬۹УܱĿɫɨȿ˺ˣ
üǡ
̩ϴЦ׼˵ʲôȻԼݣְЦѹȥĻᣬҪҸ㣬Ƕ֡
ģʲô֣̩ģ㲻A۹УӦS׵ô㵱ܱ
ǳA̩µѧУSAףӮˡ
ãҲǳAԼֱ۵Ļ£ҲУܱǴϼ
ǰѹŴجζʱӿ̩ͷ
ģԼɣ
ѾһƥܴSĺԻᱻѹŴ

УϰվСʱϰ̨ϲ߳ͬʱУʦҲط߳վڶǰ
һѧǵɫ꿪ĻǰҪĦƺûԿ˱ʮƽ͡
λУǣɡ̨վһŮԣһͷ磬ɫȹ΢΢һЦշ˹˹Ա֮һֱߵָӦݣֱǻ׵ϰ졣
һɫװӦݽӹͲһʮΣֱʮǡֶΣֻҪĿĵأ¶Ӧıõ֣ÿһھʮ꣬߻ñܹھ⣬ľܱ֡ʹSף֡ؼ֡
ÿǰʮѵһʱʮ졣ϰӻȫ¼񣬸оʦУϯλǻᾡȫλ
ɣշ˹˹ᳫУ֮䷢ĦֹУִλء
Ƚͱɳ󷽿˿ǻӭԪ˧
У̱Ϊҵ
̧֣ͷ߳ˡ
Էʮңֱͦĸߴһ߳žһһŻ¡
Ҳһ߹ǻѪҪΪЩʲôңһ˵ˡԪ¿ŵУǣĿºͣλΪУѡ֣ϣߵĸԶսǲս
ܴܲӦԪһʾΪβ
Уѧܣ
أҵ񡣡ؿڵ
ǿ˵ԱõĻ׻ƵģÿʦֻҪ΢Ķ̾
ʶǣ̨ϳֵĸ޶ԣΨһ̾ıǼԪ¼ϵĸܺͻ̫ࡣ
̨ʺϰ㿪ʼ̻ʾշ˹˹ʽ̡
л΢ͷ¼ЩýĻУڿĻıֽٷŵ
ĻһýӵϣʼȿֺɷУԱ
һЩСý強ȥֻ˶ΣȥУУܱ
һͷã̰ԼֱϵܱȡװͨУӳԱȺɢȥ
ȻҲûӹСý
ãýļߣ̼⣬𣿡
סֻͣסŲýȡòȺɼýͷԡ
α˭õܹھ
Ҳ˵ȻĦ˹У
ЦЦҲ⣬ʣУʲô˵𣿡
룬ĳĸ֣ˡ
ߣУ˵δ̫ſˡ
ôΪĦ˹УӵһԱУܱôΪУܱʵΣ
⣬ƫͷãʵǿǸţƵˡ
ߣУԴĳԱ
һͷýΧˮйͨĵ۹УҲڽܲɷá
˵ӦǾʷ֪ǿָӣôδʲô˵𣿡
ӦǾһɫװϵһţԵŽߣֻ޳Ĳ¶⣬ŻͲھڵ۹κ谭أһһһγ
ý豸쳣ãرãվԶӦǾĻ
һҡͷһ㰴ɣ˵̫ױ
Ǿõ۹òܹھʡ
ղ˵ˡӿڴУܱ£Լֱϣߵľͷգգ۾˫ܹھǵġ


50 
ϰѵݺģ, طһ㶼ѵܺͷӦ
ʱһԱһѵָӺͻʦԱ߷ǵݣѵ
, УԱȥģգʱ䲻, , ûһ𡣵ģͳһʮߣʱ, УԱƱػײϡ
ʮһ, ͼ, ˼Ԫ£ĻʦУڡ
ΪľǿǷͻ, ˡʵֵ, ʦǳ档
еĥˡЦ, ô
궼÷ɡУص
ûмŮӡźǽŮռһء
кӶ࣬ŮӦܶ

۶ǲ׶Сסһ׼䣬ÿ˴󵥼, ˯˵㣬ţҪȥѵ
һѪͿʼ, űӿţѧ, ȥ, Ҵٹȥ
㡭ֵѪ, æȥֽڳӪˣ
Ѫʢ˲ֵ
Ϣᣬȹȥ
á
ĸ˳ȥ»ص£˯ˡ
ȵʮһ룬ģ¥Ǳȥ
ѵڼ䣬УԼѵ۹УǰɫĦ˹Ǻɫ
¥ߣߵͷԼֱϵĻ£һʦҪ˵
ڣ˻δȵѧǳֻյһ¥һźɫѵѧһֲֻڿڴ̵ͷɿ˸βĴ߽ͷƵŻ¡
ĩˣ޳ָ٬ص˵¡
Զ׽ͶĹܣʱһ¥ûκˣͷԶŴʦ
ڵ
֪һһʦǿת¥ȥҶѧǣģճĽ漸ˡ
ǡչ濴ķʵ
ˡýѪ¡
ڶˣҲûáҡͷ
ѧһԷ󣬺
ңѶʦŤͷѧУѧԽԽɢǷˣѧսϵľӢ˻Ǿ
𵱳ƶϢ˳ǣڽ£ܺԼ
ˣ
һĪͻȻgetĿ֣г졣
ֲÿ춼ûûΣ˾Ҫʵ
ٿͷ˳۲١
һȥԷߣͶѧкȥʳռλӡ
һһ¥ߣ۹УλԱһ¥ڳ
һ۱ӦǾͳһİɫѵȴԵ쳣ÿɫ΢ɢڼϣԲ԰׼µɺԱӦɺӼ˸̾
۹֮ںշ˹˹ȼһһķ羰
Ѻͷ̫ϧˡ
ӦɺˢˢĴָԱ״ҲͽĴָ
۹УʹĦ˹УѾһȼ۹δĦ˹ӦǾͼ꣬ǸԽݣʹĦ˹УĦֱȥ
˿ûоñӵĴܸУ˸ں棬ֵĺܡ
صȫͬ
Ħ˹У״̬ЦϣϼǷɡ
ѶУʦûٲ죬Ħ˹Уϵ£Ϊֹܹ졣
Ҳϣص

һξӦǾ򿪹ԣ˼Ϣȥ
ôʡ
ǺУܱߵ̫ˡӦǾɫ΢
Уܱ˵ҲֻһٿA׵ĵָУֻһö΢ôһӣSA֮ȻɿԽĹ֡
ʦǾĦ˹Уˣȼ֮ңǼҲУܱߵý
ӦǾбǵãҲ˽Ħ˹УԱУܱУ֮ϵá
ֻǸղǸˡܲԾ⡣
Ϊһ3Sָӣʱ˵⣬Եϸڡ
ȥ֪ˡתŽָƽͨԺͻ׵Խˡ
ѾȲƽͨԺǰˡ˾ͽЦѧѧ̫ܸƽͨԺһϣΪӮҪǳ
ӦǾȥĦ˹УУܱϱյϢ
ԱŮ䣺17ǡ
ǡ
ӦǾĿڡǡ϶ͣ˼롣
Ħ˹Уÿ궼һǵѧԶУҲý峰ơվУ
ǳѧû֧ԼĻ׿Ѿ㲻൱һ˶ҪѧУһѧһѧûиѧҾѧУ״㿪ʼ»
۹УǳѧϸɸѡƣߣҵΪľǱ֤ѧУԴѭ
ӦǾ·ûмĻ׵ʲôɫ֮һAڴĦ˹УֿԣҲǿԡ
.ǽУײ
ûĦ˹УѧعӦǾ·
Դ˺3Sָӽ桢3SʦӦɺɫϵиУѧײһԼϢ#%@
Ϣ˺滹һŴӽ罻Ƭ˾һһűȦƬ
˼һмɫŲ԰ף׽˵Ļϵһ
ѧײʱ䣬Ƭǵڶôаٷ֮ʮĿԡ
ӦǾûٵӣ伸棬ԼӦɺȷʵʹýһֱ
˹ԣָᰴ̫Ѩȥ¶ƣ롣
Ե֡
УѹʱĲ٣۹УͬиֻƵ·
ȫ֪ԼѾɫУĴ
һ迿ڻһʮ¥⡣
ʲô򿪴
Ź£룬ǾòܾôŹѶУˡ
ô˵һ֪ɻ¡
׼ȥУܱʱҹ۲ˣͨSͷһ١
ؼSϽѶУԱһˬ졣
ϰǲܶŹ
΢΢һЦŹķΧָû׻˴ܣǵôжŹأ
ôɧĽû뵽ġ
ҪҪ룬ǸФڸڡɽһԸ
Ӧ߳䣬ȥûɽš
ɽɾȡ
ꡪ죬ȥ
ںȥ˳š
ĻɽĬãԡ
Ϊ˱ⱻ˳˴ʮ¥ȥ
кܶͷҶסˡ¥²ݴԵִӿڴͷףԷһ
֮ǰô.ǽȥģ
ˣϡͷףϢҹС
ͻɽȻһ£


51 
Уռһ¥, ѶУʹĦ˹У֮ƽͨԺΧϣȥϰⲿѲ߶ӣ沢û̫
Դ, 췽Ҳûڲ˰ҹ¡
Żɽһ·ͨѶУҴ¥, èڴ¥ӰȥФ, ȥǸУܱ䡣
ʵУܱĿ꣬סһ3SФ, Է, ܻ, ֻ˰æ
⻹ҪлѶУЩѧϣоУʹĦ˹Уһ, Ըһ׼ʽסһ
ѶУ, ԱǷֿסһ׼䡣
ΪʲôҪһУܱ, Ҫĵһ쿪ʼ˵
ǴĦ˹УܱܱȻעԼСӣζԶѧڳԡʼ֪飬ײˣȻѵжʱ, óѡ
Сġɽȥǰ
֪
˷ͷжѶܱ䡣ԷȻ˯죬Ϣվǰ
㡪ԷȻ, ̧ҪȥԼĻ
סһ, ͬʱöһֻ, ܱͼʱ, ϥǶֳһŶС
귢ӡ
ʲôˣӷŴͷ
Ĩ·ϣ̧ҿ˦ƣһ
Է壬ͷ亹
ѵ꣬Ƶϣȷ˹ȥʩʩȻ뿪
غ̧ͷϿɽҲˡ
ˣ
תת󣺡ˣФӻͦڣ˲
˵ƮƮʵղŲʧ֣ڻɽֺڡ
оջصҴ¥Էֿ˯˸þ
ʲôˣӦɺӿΧˣȻһ
ͷ˿ԣҹϮѶУѧһФ
ɽվԱߣ治ɫֻһ
Աǻ᲻ỳǣü
Ƴһ۸ⰲһиУܱҲϮˣ˸ء˵ФǱ꼰ĳ㡣
ѵʱʦǿʼ£ϣʦûнɷڴĦ˹Уϡ
Уܱˣ˫ֱ۶ϣҽⱨ棬°бĺۼФӷǱ룬Σûˡ
ֺۼϮǳܱģФΪڷ䣬űˡ
ˣФֻһˣԣĲ֪ŮǱУܱǸŮԣʲôˮƽԿǶУܱı
Ħ˹УǼУܱûʲôӴҸݵѧһŮ˵۹УУС
᲻ѧʦɡ
Ů࣬ҸպԱһ3S˫SФŮԱҲܺϣһŮ
鵽⣬ʦҲûٲ飬㵽ΪֹѶУʦ˵Ŀ⣬û뵽һѧ۸УŮ
磬ȫѶУ㱻ͨڵһʼʮӵķʱǸУܱҪھУ
һʱУ۷׷ס
Ϊʲôѧ򣬷ʱ
˵Уܱ۸УŮŴҲԸǰףóѡҹ˴ˣԱ򡣡
Աˣ
ʲôϡ棬Ѷȫܷ
ͷǲǹͷˣҲ˵°
һУܱ£ͬУһֱ֪ǹԱʲô

ˣУģ۸ѧãΪȨԱ˵ͷ⣿
˵׵ɵģգ

ͻȻ۷׷׵׵
ġ֡ң⣬ڵĺܡ
УΪԱɣӱˣǾ˵꣬ͷ¼ģλ׵ݡ
ǡӦǾ޴䣬⣬ѶܱɧŮϢǽųġ
棿ʲô£
ӦǾ̧ۣͫɫڣǴĦ˹Ƿ֡
˵ǾӦνЦЦһ3Sָ˷ʱ䡣
˷ѣӦǾѶʱʮӡ
Ǿһ㶣⵹ǣָӻǡ¡
ѶʱһһоУĦͻȻֹͣʼͷѵԼģŪҲʱ
һʱɺõĳ档
ΨһĲĵФ˦ƣǣԼڡ
Ķָָ㡣
һ3S׵Σ˵ȥעʷ
Ф֣áģճк
ãФ֡ͬ΢Ц
ӦɺӡɽԶк
ס˿ԼѣҲãФ֡
ѶԱ
ФɫŤԷ飬ܵһǿҵĳ
ϣԺǻôˡ
Ʒаҡͷ̾
ȥʳãͻȻ˵ҪȥһԷ
ƽʱߵýûһ㻳ɣֻѽһҪģա
ӦɺӿŽԶֿ˿ɫƮͷԷ
ָӡ˼׷к
е˵ЦЦʮ侲ǻ۵3Sָӡ
ȥǱкͬСˡ
£̧ۣ£
¡Ҷ֪ˡ
ãȻʲô£ˣ
װһţУǼAķ֧
üԣ
´δһЦָԼ3Sָأ˷ѡ
潫ϢųȥĦ˹Уɻ淴ʦǱ߿ʼⲿ¡
˵е룬Ҫһƨɵˡ
ʲôʱߵôչʣǸƢߵýǱȻģôɽҲһ¡
Ѷ˱Ϣһѹȣ滹벻ɽһص̫á
£ָӾͲùˡܵ
.˵ȥûӵġ
˻ᣬЦʽʼͬս飬Լ
һ٣С
飬һ֪ͨУָӣƽͨԺ͵۹УҪСġ
ƽʱЦҪ۹֮𡯣˴ûôףһν֣̽Уп
˳߽ļ۹УУӾɣܱ򲻹ҡ
ǰϣǱʶҲڸԼ̩¶ûʤ㡣
ȷе˵û¹κһˡ
ûʼ֪治ҡͷǸAܱڵ۹УӱõܱλӣС
Ҳ̩´ϰ߲á
üʶ
㲻ʶֿ3212ǵˣסҸڵĸڡ
棺û
ʱæŰԼͼע⵽ͨͬˣֻһǣδע֡


52 
շ˹˹, һ۶ʽ
УȫִڣʦǰţΧʮý΢ͷ㡣
Ավǰ, 볡ǰϽǰҪõԼĽƷУʡ
ýɼ˿ֱ, н⣬ߴڡ
ǰǿվŵ˽ǾԱʮλߴУУԱȫѪ, ȥĦ˹Уһλ꼶ڡЦЦ, ҲĦ˹УȱSԴλ˫Sҵ, ֻSϡ
3212, ƤӽӢڼпýֱ˵ʦе㲻̫ˡ
˵ôӢšüŹĻ, ܻܲýֱ
Ƥý壬Ӣö̫⣺ûнСѧУƵý壿
ƤӲҪ, Լֵ˼Ƶҵһֻ򲻵СýƵ
λǴĦ˹УԱ3Sָӽ˵ǳʦӦɺҲͬ3S, ۶Ӧҡǵģλ, ûӦɺӺ͵۹УָӦǾֵܡ֪, ӦΨһһָлʦ, һֻڵ۹УѧӦɺλĦ˹УӦ, 
СӦԭôӢпʱӦɺһɳǣȫûп
ýɽͷ׼Ħ˹У
ɽ۶ңֻл׵ÿ벻ͬУУλˡҲʱ꣬ٴνĦ˹УƣԱλͬ3SɳǱҳŹǶϤĴβμӴƽУͬ죬ʱҲԱʮְ
ܹھͶעƤͷͬ·ӡ
Ϊ˵3212ѧԺҵѧ˺շ˹˹3212ǹһֱͶעķ
ͶСѧУӢŤͷ
϶ͶСƤӣֱӰԼҵĿʽһȫͶ˽ȥ
Ͷ֮ƤŷֻиʮͶעÿһйھѡǮѾͶܹھڣ㲻ٹערĿֱ
СˣӢץƤ֡
ֱͷԱ΢ͻڶ׼Լֱ̧˸ġ
ǴĦ˹УУܱͬҲǳ˵ǳAĻѪΣSĻסڼѪʱֱĻߴһѹڻѪεϸϡ
СڶǱġӢϸ˿ȥʱֳˡ
߻˵ɷùԷƺԼУţ˵ܹھǴĦ˹ģԽĿԴʮ󣬹ھ˭ҡ
ϽǰѾʼýƷ۹õԴҾ飬㹻֧һ̨3S׶һʱ䡣ƽͨԺѡ˸ߵȻײϣʦáѶУֵֻʣ·֡
ֲɳĮشõģŲһǰĽ档
ƷʮһʹãɳǺ͹ǶֻӦɺȽͣʱײϲһ㹻õռơ
ƷãҲܳ鵽ö油䡣
Ͻǰ꽱󣬱ֱսʹĦ˹ȥѡ
ȥ꣬б˿Դǿʮ죬ʳ֧죬ɺ㿴ײϡ
AˣǿҪע⡣
սһ㡣
ΪʲôôãĻбĽּʣûýսԴͻײȫġ
УķѡѸټסĻУսݣϣܳžõ㡣
һʱУߣĦ˹Уûз֣תͷԸľǡ
ַʺУ˳νɽѶڱʱ󣬴Ħ˹Уһȥ
ɺԱڹۿֱֳ̨ϣΧȫƱ볡ĹڣԼУֱֳͷȫǹٷṩо߼Ա
ýֱֳչ涨ṩǵһУֱӽǣֻܿһȻǮ˿ԶĲͬƵһ𿴡
µʱ䣬ɽѾһ飬߽ޣֻҪԱڣ㲻ᷢڽܣоԱǱѧһɾԱ
۹УѾɽɲԱߵ۹УӦݣƽͨԺͬȫԱ3SӦָΪ۹Уⳡùھ𣿡
µһֱӻ˱ǡӦǳЦЦ·ֻ˵һΪͨĻ۹ûзˡ
۹У֮ôԽԽǿϸ̭кܴϵ˵Уǵ۹Уڲ¶ܳͷ˽Բλ
ÿһԱһ·ɱǽʱ
һСʱΪ볡ĴĦ˹УҲ̤ɽ
Χɽ࣬ȥɽ壬ûڵ
һ۾ų֪УָӶʱϡ
ôˣվԱ
û¡ְ̧˰ղָоԽΪģɢУӸλγһ
֮ǰѧУѵҲôûθоԡ
ûзӦʶΪԼ֮ǰûע⡣
ָӹɺλԱһɨܴڵĸ߽ޡ
ɽҴĦ˹УԴнûȫס
ɽǰ飬ѧм䡣û׷ų
ͻף󣬵Դ׿졣
ͻ׿Կģʽѧȫ˵Ŵսóͼ
ͷȥ
ͼªĲ񻰣һںͱյ㣬ȫǿհס
ˣ
γ˭³ˡѵͼذڡ
볡ǰսĻɽ̽Χװûʮֵ
ãǣӦÿõͼ˳㻹ԲԴӦɺ˼
ս׵˵ôֱףμӼ죬ǵһԼѡ
⡣
ǴĦ˹Уһαֳ򡣡Цʿ
Уӡߵϰѡ
ɽﴦУǰߣƽǱǰ
ߵһ룬ͻȻ̧ʾͣ¡
ָӲ죺ָǱʾһҲûи߽ޡ
ûޣˡųף̽ս״̬ǹ׼ɽһ淽
Ǳߵ˱˳ѶУӣǾȻûǰߣǡ
УӶʱ״̬
Ѷ»ϵܱФǱߵˣĦ˹Уܱ㵽Ϊֹ
û̹㡣ֱӳȥһţǰϻ
У˶ϵе硣һSһA֪˭Ӯ
ֱѶܱӵ׼Ŀ󣬳Ǳ٣Ŀꡣ
Ѷܱɢ׼ǹЩӵ
ӵѹûиǾֱѶУ.ȥ
һϵжûסЦһʮ巢ӵſŴѶУָӹؼλ
ѶУʮУָӳ֡ظһ顭
һʾ쳹ɽ


53 
һʾֵĺס
ǰУӷ׷ͣ, ȫͷͻȻĶʮ
볡һСʱĳһУӾ׼ʧ25ָӣ˭Ҳδϵ¡
25Уָӣ·ʱ˼ô翪ʼ, ǴĦ˹
ƽͨԺվǰճӧǹˣҪҪ˴̽
Խǹ, ĬƬ̣ʱָӣġ
ڲ˷ʱϣǰʮﴦһ, ǸڵִǱפ·ʱ׵ͷŵͼ
УָӳֲҪ, ָֻ뿪ܶԾУʵش
۹У
Уָӣ˾ͽιЦ˻ǡ˼ġ
һô󶯾, ֵ, 滹ʮ죬ġ
Ϸ˫S߽ޡӦǾۣ񡣡
걧Žȫǰ
˾ͽȫս״̬, ǾŻӦǾָӵڴͬʱԹɹУָ´ȫϷ, Уӣɱ

û뵽۹Уķ׾Ȼ˫󡣡ɱǻʦ˸˫ҪĴۡ
УڿαԴ, ۹УѾ׼УȫȲϵġϰ, ȥۻֻԽԽ󡣡
пУԴ, ĳֻĳ, ɱͬ, Խ߽׵޻ôԽ࣬ԴϡЩԵαã浽һ
Ħ˹ǱӺûӦɲ쿴ŽǱߵֱͷ
ָӺУָӸ֪еٸָķ.ֻ.Լ˼롣ӶԷУһ֣һʱ֪ˡ
ɱǰٶȣѹûͣ£ҲûжУӽָӡ
ýԱһʱ䲻ȷĦ˹Уǲıõġ
ֱͷĦ˹УУӳԱôվǱ߾䣬ɰͰͿ
ѶܱշԼ25ָӳ֣ʱǰһڡ
ŭֱӸսеӽҪס
û۳⵶ϡһһͣ֡
ͬʱѶУӽս״̬ȴûпʼĦ˹Уӡ
СʱûĸУԸУӻս
ѶܱõͻףϽѪβ˵㡣ϰ
ɳֲͬѶڰУӳɣ˭Ӯһ
ϰЦһ㿴ǸĽţô׼ʮϯ֮һҲ㹻ѹѪϡ
ķѡAףѪԶԽƽ⼫ǿҲѪκ˲ٿء
ܱʵѪεļӳɣ㹻ֿͨˮƽS
һлô򣿡
ֿܣһǿѹƣɿͬʱ⵶תĻԸ
ϰ컰ʱˣ˫΢ˣ⵶ɣƺõڶַʽ
ѶܱҲԤϵʽѾʼߡ
չ⵶˹⵶
յʵʵС
ֱǰסˣսܱҲһ˲ס
Ҿǹܽ㡣.˺󼸲̧ǹȥ
Ѷܱûж㿪۷ĿܣȫרעǹԴͼӵֻǹȲ׼ܣЩֻܿ㡣
ƫƫ㿪ӵͲǶ׼ģѶˡ
Ѷܱеס㿪ǳ֣㿪ӵԼϡ
˾ˡϸ۲
ǹǳ´Ƚ̳İɡϰ²⡣
´ȣϧˡɸ̾ϵ츳S֪ȴ̫͡
ͷѶܱӵƼܣһֻֿǹֱӳ˹
Ѹٳ⵶ӵ˹ȥԷᱻϣ׼ӽʱֵĵֱ֣Ѷֻܱ֡
жѶܱʱˣתҪ롣
סһ߳յڵأ⵶ֱ׷
һ׶ˮȫǴֱ·ӡ
Ѷܱ֡
ľԱѾߣҪͻһ
̽ղŵնϵģ£ڽռΪС
ԱֹѧֻɨһۣѶܱͻ뿪
Ա£һתѶУ壬סһܻһԴ
ͬȺ
ѶУ֮ǰյָ룬Ħ˹УӼ
û뵽ԷܱôҪ׷ᡣ
ģĿ겻ȥյ
ѶУӳԱӱ߱ߣûϵһҲᾭ׷۸ĸо
ҲûɳôɥĲ°˭һһ飬һһ׼
渺ͳƲĹԱ
ǳһһһֻڴԱɱУӳԱʱŻȫͳٱ
ԱŻڡڻġԼĴĦ˹Уܱס֡
ѶУӳһˡѶУӳˡѶУӳһˡ
ͣٴγɹУԱע⡣
ѶУǱʲôͷһһ볡ڸ𣬡˴Ħ˹Ա
ܡָӸҡͷԴ٣ûʱڵ󡣡
Դ࣬ȫս״̬ǰߣҪУľ롣

һֱɢһ֧ʮ˵СӣתһԴȥ
Ħ˹Уѧ֪һֱɧû뵽ɧز
Դ߲ϣսɱ߽޵ģ˭ҲûĿ׼ױϡһȷϳֺ󣬾ԱѸٳֽѧмʮ뵽ӵʱ
ָ볡ã˶ûԶԱر࣬Ҳر졣
˭ϵʱ˳ֻϵԴ
ʡŵãһУӲ֪ҵõԴȥ
ǻҪݡҵ
Ϊʲôǰû뵽װþԱˡ
Уһµǰ죬һУᾡⷢͻûʲô̫Ŀͷʱ۹УֱƵ࣬ר߽ɱҲܿѪڡ
Ҳ⣬һ˶ڵ۹ֱӽǹۿ
ڷƿɳµսУϢ˵ѶУʹĦ˹Уڸڼﴦ㷢սдУӳԱ֡
ע⣬׷ȥУӽǵĻطƵΪ˿³Ǯۿ
ר¼ֱĦ˹Уý壬ڶ̶һʱڲǣвơ
ǴĦ˹Уܱ˰ˡ
ҿտѶӽǹ߿úˬǱҿĹˡ
ܱλ̫ɧ˰ɡ
Ħ˹УҪУʵԱٵȼУֻҪѶӦõΡ
ҲС˭õδ֪
ֳ˻Դġ֮¹ŷ׷ҪλΪǰɧУܱ׸ЩʲôýԽԽࡣ


54 
۹Уնɱһͷ˫SޡͷSޡ
ƽͨԺնɱһͷ˫SޡͷSޡ
ѶУնɱһͷ˫Sޡ
Уնɱһͷ˫Sޡ
Ħ˹УնɱһͷSޡ
һҹ, ͬһʱ㲥
Ħ˹УѾפϢ䱸뿿ɽϣͷƽضȻʧĹΪʲôֻһͷS, ˯ˣ
ǰУӦÿУһжˣԴ٣Ҫʡŵ, ޶ϣԴ, ľУ, Ϊ¡Сָӽ͵
ҧ˸֪ϸľ, ˼ô˵УӺӷֿˣ
ָתͷ, Ϊʲô뵽ǵӦ÷ֿˣôԴԱΪܿУ, ֿܻǰϡ
ϸľϢûȥУӴк
ָӣ
ȻָӲпʱУȨԼ뷨ǰ, ҹ, ʲôкк
, Ȼ˵У, ۿǴĦ˹УԴΣУһἺΪ, Դһ㡣
ɴû˵
ûеͼָǱֻ߲һſհ׵ͼ
ָָղŵĵķ򣺡Уһ㶼ӱһ򣬸ղɱ, Ǳ, úǷûƫ١
, Ħ˹УҹǸϣȥҡἺΪˡУӡ
ֱڣȻƻͨԱӦݣԺɼýα
ӦǾ϶նɱ˫S޵ͬʱУӣɱͷSޣָ֪ٿУܵСɼα佱
Ӧݲδͷ޶ѡ
߽޴󲿷ֻԳ֣Ⱥӣڹʱɢһ־Ӱٿػ׵ĵǣָҪԱΪսĵ֪ϣԷܵš
˫SµϲȺӳ֣и߽У͵ᱻƣһγɹģ֮һӦ
SָӹAָӣǷ޵սģ֪͡ϣԳ׽Уһ廯Ӷʵ
߽޺ȺۼһʱУӺȱһɡ
Ӧָӣɽ3S𣿡ɼαŵ۹УֱͷѾܶûм3Sޣ֪ûпܼǺ3S޵ս
û3S׵㲻3S߽ޣһǰ
֪ûСӦݵ
ɽ
ղķλ¶ˣһ򡣡վɽ¿һƬڡ
ߣ
ʱҪҸУʺһ¡£Ϣ
۹УƽͨԺöԸʣµֻʣУҪϸʺĸ
°ҹһ˱Ͳѡ
У23ָӳ֣У42׵֣Уܱ֡ظ
Ѷ̧ͷƫҺ󷽵Ĺ૵
ûһ˳֡Ӧɺüʧôˣ°ҹҶһУӣû˳֣
ҡͷѶУѧûʱУУӳԱ࣬𲻵á
ģ¼ȻһеĻͨѶȫܵΣԱУָֻܿӵĸ֪
Զָֹѵ
ײˣ²⣬ָҲʱʱ̹̿עУӡ
šǡͻȻ
պֵصĻɽ棺ɵġ
õǿ϶䡣
û˵óհ׵ͼʼ
ãȻˣ֪ΪʲôǶһѰӡ
һߡ
ϵ𣿡˫ֱվָԱߣϸҪˡ
ָӱ۵ͷ֪ѾϽ棬Լͼý
ڷʲôõСʱǰ
Уһξ룬룬ȴżСӿȫǰǰҵУӣѾפϢ
Ŷ빥ܱĸ͵ϮָӺͷɢע
ܱ㶨ǶԸϰգܱСӵͻ״ԡ
Ħ˹У˲ּ࣬ڣúĲˣѹЩ˶Լɵ˺ֱԴһе֣ῳǻסСӻʦڸָҪЩλ
Уܵĳһ㲻ѶУ٣⼸ʹĦ˹ֱӶϣͬ˵ϧ֮С
˭ϵҹ͵ϮǴĦ˹һֱУƵľУ
һʱ
ʶ㡣ߴŶԷܱԶУӣѧϵܡ
㣡ֻͨѡʮˡĹѵ˼ϵ˵ֻ
֪ͨѣʳüˣǻͦ˵꣬ǹ׼ϥǷһǹͬʱıӡ
ѧĲҲѧ㣬ҾҲƯʵ硭
ܱٴ˦ıһɡ
ûж㣬ǽסıӣ
ԷܱعͼԼıӣδֳ̧
ʻ쭵ü죬ٿػһּŤ̬׿Է
ѧְɡޱ鲹ղŵĻ
Уܱͷȥֻһѹ⵶
⵶ѹŶԷˤµأֱӽ˳׻ãԷܱûü˳Աܹ
ѧ̸ʾУӣǵͼǾߣȻи˳֡
ǵ˵ˡʰԷ󣬹ѵ
ѧ㣬ʮ뿼ǣȻȥУӡɣȫвˡ
УܱSʻA״򲻹Уӵ˸򲻹
ѧ㣬ΪУ룬һŵͼѣУУȱǴĦ˹һҲˣһһѧ㡯ʮӡ
ڳˡܱҧ
첻ͬпܳ3S߽ޣȺһ֣ôУӱز١
Сʱһߡ
ȶԷͼڵԴһ֮󣬾Ա֣Уܱߡ
¸ип
Сָӣ
˼ҲûиҪһ͵Ϯ˼ҰϯߣҲû취չô˳
ƶԷУʮϯ߼Ҳֲһˡ
ܹϽ棬ѵͼܱõĵͼСָϽá

ֱޣһ㽲Уӵһγֺ󣬱ȥϢˣ°ҹûʲô·
һ˱仯
УܱôҲ˾֣ĨһоԼû̫ѣʶѶУԣܱûˡ
Уʦװװ


55 
ԴܳŶãսӦɺӡ
һ졣ӦɺתĻ, նɱһͷ˫Sޣٳ졣
ץһͷⳡе
ûи֪и߽޵Ĵڡ
УӳºӦû˷, ѶҲ͵ûһǵ¡
УӸߡָŵͼ, ʺ棬Ӧϡ
۹Уնɱһͷ3Sޡͷ˫SޡͷSޡ56ͷA, ظһ顭
, ǵ۹ͱ𣿡һ, ô, ԴͲϣֱӷȥյ㡣
۹УУʮָӳ֣ʮʦ֣ʮ׵֡
ǡʮ֧СӣӦɺڶ㲥, ü̫ˡ
նƽ, ô޲Ե޹ʳ֡
ƽͨԺնɱһͷ3Sޡһͷ˫SޡͷSޡ57ͷA, ظ
ƽͨԺУӶʮָӳ֡ʮ׵֡
ʮӺ, ͬһ
֮, Ǳضյ㡣˵仰ʱҲŪԼе뷨
УϽۻ, һʻἫ࣬ڲǱĵ죬ǱѾӽյ㡣
Ҳ֤ԼУõھ, ֻһ, ܹھҲá
ⳡ, ǱľǵνУǺܽˡ
Сʱ
Ħ˹УУӺʽϡ
ҪȥޣУӸSµޡ¿ɫǡ⼸Ĳ
УͷԲԣתִӿڴͳһͷ
ҲҪչģսһӪҺ͸
УӺѶУġһУѶУӣ̫ˣӲҪ͸ǡ
ɻǺѶУʲôʱߵô
ѧԱߵóһˮͷ㡣
ллѧеܳ򿪹ͷһڹ⡣
ӦɺӺͻɽĬɽ֣أ
̯֣ûˣһԡ
ŵͷˮͷͻȻѧͷǴܱѧսóģ㡣
ȿȡ
ǺסǱ̧ͷ㡢Ϊʲô
飬ҲֻЩܶ򣬰οҲû취¡
ǣҡ
ѧͷѣǻرĺûᡣչһĹͷҪҰˣ
ѾԹˡˮͷƵһȥжิӣֻԼ֪
Ϻǰ·ƱҪҵޣԴ
ɽ಻ϣ޶ûɽȻѨС۹ƽͨԺ֮ߡ
ͣ¡ʾͣ䱸˹ˡ
УӺУӡ
̸̸ָӸվԽ
̸ָʲôҲ˳
УֶԸѶУ
䣬һ㲥
ϲ۹Уɹִյ㣬񡣡
ŲãǺܿƽͨԺֳ档ָָ
Ѷ֣ϯλ˭ã״Ʋʡ
ϯλøǡĿ󣬡ܱҡ
ɣָӣҪΪһܱ𣿡ȳѹˮƽԽԽ
ɽЦĦ˹׻˼˵ǣ
ͬһЦٵײҲŪһܱ
ɽУģ
ֱֳ
ǴĦ˹УȫûʿȡѶУʦ
սǲǻҪ޽ȣ˵֮Աǡ
ɿھͷеϧ۹УƽͨԺˣǰǡ
˿е۹УʦѾڳڴȺýڵĿⶼ
ˣ
նɱ̫ˡ
оûô֡
һѶûôںмǵŽоʡ
Աǰ棬УӸں棬ӦǾͼȴӳڴ߳
˺ͽȥʱûʲô̫𣬵۹˫Ȼ
ϲ
۹УʦףԱǡ
ȥϢ⿴
ӦǾ̧ӹֱĻȥ
󲿷ֵ۹Уѡ˻ȥϢûۿһѾõ֣У֪ܳûʲôÿġ
̩˳Ŷߣ˾ˡ
˸ϢԼճˣأ˲ûʦޣûжɾ
Ϣ̩࣬»·ȥһݳʳֱУ
ϲƽͨԺִյ㣬񡣡
̩¸£㲥бڲڶ
ǰ֪ˣʶȥҴĦ˹Уֱͷ뿴ˮƽô
ֻǣʽ档
ԥ
ڵں棬ߵеˡ
Ħ˹УôãлõΣҪô
һָҡҡĦ˹Уκ׻ΣֻͨԱ
ãת׼뿪
ȵȡ溰סôˣ
ͷü㻹Ҫ˵ʲô
˵ʲôǡָָͺУԱǶǺ
Цˣղ˵ס
üšһףֻǴѡ
棡Ӧҧ㲻ܾˣѶУ̵
¡ʼ磬ǳףٵһҲν

ˣǺѶңĹ㡣˵̹̹³ȷء
˲ҪɫԾУҲս״̬
̧֣Ħ˹ȫԱҲףӺɵԱԱߣܱûˣһɶ˺ҪҪԣ
սӲ
Ħ˹УȻˡ
ʹ򰡣Ħ˹Уͷʺˡ
ðɣʹĦ˹ܱܾ˺ãұȺѶУá
Ħ˹УôоôҪ
̩ű׻Ա߹ۣҪǴСģ̶ʲô
áŽ棬м꣬ͬĺ
졣˻ףôĦ˹У䱸͸֡
ģܷŹɵӡ
濴׵ֻǿʼѡ
ǾǻԱ²ۡ
ĵԼս֣˵ĺ㲻һ
Уͣ٣͸һԼ̸ʱʱָӵŭ
棬㲻Ҫ̫֣
Ϣŭºú̸Ҫ氲
һСʱ󣬽־֮һԴ
ţƣЩҾԴʵ棬ǰҴˣ㻹бá
ҪǸ𡣡ɫ
γʦԴ̫ˣҲûޣŲյ㡣


56 
Уɺ, һյȥ;ޣֿ 
Ħ˹УնɱȫԴ
յ㻹ʮ, ѶԽԽˡһͷĹ
ûظŤͷȥԭվԱߵĽڶУܱüŪۡ

, ܱףǶΰֱ, ֹ֮ϵ
ָĵЦһ, صԼڡ
Ҫյ, һˮ, ǣѶô죿ʡ
Уˣŵͼ˽͡
⼸һӿ̧һоڲеı顣
ѧ, ֪Դɣû뵽ô
Ӧɺ쿴𴦡
֮ǰ, Ħ˹Уֱɽָ
ֱ, йڲϻɽĻ
֮, ͵Ϯ
, ⻭һȺֺݵмŴ覵򣡡
ɲֱ̫ǰ漸챻Ӳˡ
Ц, ﻻϵҪͻȻ׷Ħ˹Уֱ
ֻ֪Ħ˹УܱΪʲôߵô𣿡
һ΢һ, УУܱ, Ա, ǱA΢һͨԱ
˵Ǻָӹϵǳ
¥ϣô˵Ǻʦйϵ
ǡǸУܱߵˣǸͻ׵
һʱ䣬ϵѶԴĦ˹УԱУܱĹϵ˺ġ
ȶȣýôŹЩӦýѾʼĴ֤ݣ˽²ɷôĦ˹Уѧ
ڵļ˶Դ˺֪飬ڱڶ죬Уյ㸽ˡ
ԡУڽˣ ѧĿںϣɱܱ
ѣɱɱɱģ಻ֶѡĵɢšңôšǷϢ
ѶϰͨͻȻٶ죬ֱӳ
ûɽһʱϻףնԱںϰͨ
ϰ̧ͨܣֹĹ
鷢գ˲£ν棬˫ӦԿ졣
ɽϲɳһ
пüɽϺãֻУܱŵòҶѹûзӦ
·ŸղŷĳܾﲻԾϸ룬Ȼ֪⡣
һߣϹۿֱĳ´ۣ˻ʼûü
Ϊһ츳֣ΣȻȣ´ȱǿܴһAӱܶͨSγɴ
´Ƚôʱ䣬ƽʱֵˡ£ôҲȫûӦ׶ûó
´ֽͷڵס
ʱ滻һӦ˵Ĭʮ㡣
УڲδͻɽҲûһѵ̸Ĭ
´ջ֣űɽµѵıסˣ
˭ϣѧ̧ۿŲˡ
˭ϣѶȳ֡˵꣬ԼĻס
ѶУ3S׵Ħ˹3λ3S׵һ˫Sӿ3S
ϰͨͻɽФ֮һɽв
ʣɽкָӺͻʦԱߣవоԷͻȻ֡
ҿȷǶġ
ȥ졣
ԺͻȻһ仰
Ǳ߿һۣ׳ͼϸյرȥСβ͡
һ·յȥΧǷ˴ģɽ嶼һ
յֻ̨ʣ졣
ɨһۣ㳯Ħ˹У̨ȥ
һѶѶУᵽܵΧζɲ᲻ص
ɽԴ⣬޷ֲҲһѶ˿Ҳ˭Ҳûϵġ
֪λָӴʲôЭ顣ɿžͷУӣԱߵӦݵ
ָмȨ̸ʱֱźţԷУطʱ֪ԼĴ㡣
շ˹˹һ£ָӵĴ㲻ֻһӮ
ʲôЭ飬ҲֻӦݿʼʰ׼̨
ϹЦѾ̫ˣ۹УܹھǼҲſĲС
ƽͨԺҲȫԱ3SͲţ۹УһֱȥǶʵսĵ۹˫ǣʮܻⷢ

ϲĦ˹Уִյ㣬񡣡
ϲУִյ㣬񡣡
õӵľУԱһȥڴѶһУԭء
ΣѧԼУλ׵
Ѳϰͨ޲һ򲻹
ɽأ
ͬѲһһԡ
3SöԸФ
ܶԸФŭŴĦ˹У뿪ķǸУܱûбɡ
ѧֵ˵ͷҶԸ˽⣬СҲһǣܶԸá
ѶԱУĸͬҡ͸߼ҡ
ָҲֻ࣬ң߼ҡ·ԼӦҡ
·ҳָֻƽͨԺӦҲֻȥ۹У൱УֻҪ߼ҡ
Ϊ˸߼ڲ˼ɣЩѶУ
ڴĦ˹УɻǡҰָӡûдңҲΪʲôǾУ׵ԭ֮һ
ãĦ˹УȻյһҰ3Sָӡ
Ϊʲôյ㸽ôսۼʽ档
Ǹ߽ޡӾãյһи߽޵ĵطЩȺɽȽϼ򵥣ûʲôرĵط
ִյ㸽նɱͬԶһԴҪȥնɱҲ㲥
ָһ˽УҪ²ͷԴָս
һ˳ȥýվڳڴš
ӳԱʲôϵ˵ָӡʦԼϵһ¹ļ߾ŻͲǰ

ͷ˿ԷﻰͲͼ꣬һúɫɼ
Ǻɼý壿ʡ
ԣǺɼ
΢΢һЦƿĻͲǾͷָ
ԱߵĽͬһʱָɽҲ⣬ǵüмѧ࿴˺üֻۣҲžָ
ɽˣٺﲻԡ
ɼߣ
ļߣںһϤͼ꣬Է֣ʲôҪɷõġ
˳強ַ˷۾Ħ˹׳õڸô
ͦá
۰Ͱ͵ĻҲһϿ
߷ӦͲ棺ָأ
š˼³սҪõˡ
ɽǶӦûõˡ
ߣǣĦ˹Уÿúܣ껻3SԱƺ
һֻýĲɷã֮ȥϢ
ʮ޵ıǰڿԺú÷һ¡


57 
Ħ˹Уʱ, ʦҲڳڴţи𼤶ʦס漸, Ͳӯˡ
ɵòǰȻҪסʦһ㣬ֻǵһ
ÿһʤֵףʦ̧ĨĨ΢۾, Ȼһ򵥣֪ΪΣЩѧϿϣ
ȥ۹УƽͨԺֱعˡЩѧյ㸽ǳ
һע㡣Ѫ֮ǰùĻףво͸ȫ㡣ѵܷɡ
һʼǰ˵עڶ3SԱѪεϢδע, ܱ, ֱߵ̨͸ġ
˻ȥϢ, СʱѶУҲִյ㣬һɽʽⳡУû롣
Ҫ̨콱ϴ˯˼СʱųȥһȦ, ٿ硣߳, ӦɺӾ˹ȥ
ʲô£һ, ôѵ
ûüӦɺȥѵңˢ룬׷ųҿ
Էųһף׺úõġ
ѪвʦӦõ£ѳÿʽֻҪ˼оһԿӦɺӳûϢͼ취ѪιĶҿܲܰһټӵ㶫
ͷ˿ԼףײգѾһСĶ
ӦɺӶ⵶϶۾ˣ㡭ʲô
ϥǻ˵СڻײڣٿѪϥǵһӲˣټӾƻƽ⡣
Ӧɺӣĵģ
˵ĻеʹһǮõȫAõĲϡ
Ӧ3SʦɺӵһβԼõĴ
ҿô
УȥԡӦɺӴ򿪹ԣѪΣȥԡ
Ӧɺüϵݣ
һѧʦô
ΣҾطû취ģѪεĻʦ̫ˡ
ܺáӦɺӵ㿪ղģõĶݣʽš䲻⣬Ч
3Sʦ䣬леģ˻ףӦɺӳȥȥϴ裬ϳȥ棬Ͻǡ
˸߳ѵţӭײϹӦǾ
ø硣Ӧɺʶֱͦ
ջشӦɺӼϵ֣ĿתŶӦǾ
ò˵ս뿴ӦǾҲҲκȱ㣬һֲ˵һͷڷֺ˳
鲻Խ˶
Ӧɺ͵͵һ£ʹʹɫҪ
һͷŭø磬һΣյ¡3SָAһɵӡ
źֱֻں澾һӦɺӸɿݴֲڵͷ
Ӧɺӣ
ӦǾһ۱㿴֮С뵽ԼЩϣٿ޼ɵܵѵЩ¡
ʱһ䣺ʲô֮ǰӦҡ
ӦɺˢˢŤͷ߽һѵңκתͷղʲô˼
ӦɺҲǰøҲûô涼ͦģҲ
Ϊûȥ۹У²⡣
ǡӦɺӿ϶ҡͷĶӰҽ۹УйǾ
д˸ʺţȥˣӦɺӻȥ·
ѧȥ˿ˣʵ
ѧȥѧˡɽȥǸ
ֵ̧˵ͷװ˿Ŀ⡣
ߡһϰߣһߴӿڴǩһ˳һ˭ǩ˭Ǯ
ܾҾͲˣ̫
ôأ΢΢һЦΪǳԶŻϧ
һ˳һͳһó
ĵǩüڣһúϧʳġ
ҲᡣӦɺվԱߣŵ
ɽǩԽϧһ¡
ģһģĳ⡣Ľϵ
棺ܳ
ԼϴǩôҲû˭ˡ
ûȥ̳ǸŽ浼ȥһ֣ȫǳԵġ
һû⡣ɽɨһȦ
ҲûӦɺӦˣǷ֧ӵеԴҲ޷ģֵطǰûɹ
ȥԱ̯Ҫ󴮣һ˷һר˹ԣ˵ﶫóԡ
ζӦɺ̽ҧһڡ
Ǳ߻иĻָָ¥ýĻ޴ޱȣһۿȥġ
վ桢Ӧɺվһţͻɽվںһţһ󴮣̧ͷŶ¥ڲŹýĻ
һᣬӦɺӺȻĻǺɼýµġ
ƿĿ⣬׼ٿĻ
ɽȻҷý鵽һ˼顣
ĻͻȻתɼýƵ洫ȥ
϶ԴĦ˹УУܱһŮԵԱϵ˵硣ɼý屾Ѱʵɼʵȥɳǵ飬صѰãʵϢ
˵ʲôӣһӣһ
ۿŹĻ
ϤŮһУͼͨ.ǽմӾУִָӽ棬˾ͬͬ˸ܡؼǣͨ棬ִӦɺӣûӦɺǵ۶Ӧˡ
ԽԽ󵨣ҲûйǱ̳Ӹռ֤ݡһŽϷһƬ˿ҪһźӰôˣҿ⼸ѧƬ뾵ͬңڶһе£ŴҶµˡ
ߺַųһϵƬӡ
ҿ˶ˡĿɿڴýŤʵֶôǿ
ָŭǡЦһ
һϸʲôǡ
һɽŹĻݣǵʱ˵ʲô
˯Ӧɺͬһʱ

һһһһ̣ǿԤüҷˮǿ˯˶˵á
ûתɽΡһ
Բۣ㲻ҪŤͷſŻɽ
ȵȵáɽ侲ܼܲӴ
Ǯλһк˵ԼԴյǰʮ򣬰Ŵ
ĵһᣬˢ˶ʮ򣺡ӵ˴Ҫ
ԡǮ̴Ӧ
Ļںɼý廹ڽĦ˹УɫţĿǰѾչͨӻʦָӣ߷չ׵ϡ
͵ϮУܱԭΪԴףȶ˼ѧ֣

չû뵽ġ
һýظ¡ӦɺӵǸýֲ
Сý壬ģӰ涢ŹĻһᣬģͶʡ
һɽ
ҲͶ¶ԼĿүǮ
ӦʦҲǮ
ҲͶ㣿


58 
ҹ, ýܲ
Ͷǣʼ˿Щˣظʵ
ԣ벻չɼýֵز, ռгݶ治û뷨ֺͼҰġ
Ͷ˵ǲɷʱҪȨޣڵ۶, һӦܲżʩԮ֣
Ӧɺӡɽ󣬵Ͷ֮ҲýһӣȻҪ
һ󣬼˳ɹ˼һ£ʮǱҡ
ʼˣǮҲ˼óͶʣòƤ
ͷĶˡߣ
ֱ׳ҾôǮ
ˢһο, Դʼ˵Ц, Ͷʶ
չȥֺʱҡ
ɽҲˢһο
źˢһο
ʼ˿ˢһ鿨ˣ⼸һʼȫˢУ
ӵ, ôǮʼ׵˺ͨ˼ֱ磬ǮǮֻ֡
ͶȻͶʹɶ
ڹɶϣһƵ, Ƿƽ̨ȥǩֵ
ʼ˵ͷ˵, Ҳҳ, Ƶѡ
ҪҪҰרҵʿ
ã¼ֱӷȥСӦɺӿ칫ܲܽһ᣿
ãǡ⡣ʼתȥŴá
һţ򿪹ԣ¼˼仰ƵҪһ㷢ȥ
ڶɼý巢̸Ħ˹УϵƵոձȣ˻δü۰ԣһý巢˵˻ӦƵ
δȥµ˿϶ҪǸᣬſϷԵ˼ȥ
һôӦʵѾڴֲӡɫȤİ֮һ䷢Щ߸ϵ֮ϡ
ýıǩǡ˻ӦһȥȻִĦ˹УɫŵļǣƵһ֣ɼý塣
Ƶ³ˣңȳھͷڡ
棺ɷһʮһ˺Ľ˻ý壬ܵɷδʮ꣬꣬ĽΪܵ޴˺Ҽڷͥߡ
Ӧɺӣɵʮ谭Уչ˻ΪС˼ͬΪ3SУشƸɼý巢ϢҵɻΪͼ谭Уչ½սȱ˲ţһ·ͥƲá
˾꣬Ϊ滹ϵľ棬һת
ôҺ˭˯裿
үʲôƨ£
ɽžͷ룬ƽٷϢ̤ƽɼܲ
βٴζžͷָ
ܳôſϲ
أΪʲôͻȻôĦ˹У⼸Ҳԣǵ۹ۣ
ִ֧Ħ˹Уɼý壬⹷ý徭ԸԼϵˡ
ֱֳʱĦ˹УܲɷãǸģһǺɼý壬ͳָǵ˺ɼ
Ǽ˵֤ȷ䣬ɼýû˵ٻɡ
ǶǴ¼ˣϲϢˡ
3SľУ꣬һ˲ţҪȥˡɼýһĸҲǵӴ󡣡
ɼˡ
˵ףǼһASôã֮Ĳ𣬾Уͨ˵Ĳô󡣡
S˾ְλ֪ȼԽζʵԽǿ3SȨA˵ֻǱѣ߲̫
ô˵⼸˺ͺɼýϣͨϲֵּŹϳԵ⪡
Ħ˹УʦѧҲţһУİԣ˱֪ɼýϹ࣬Уĸ֪.ǽԼѧַû˵¡
ȥʦǵĦ˹Уѹ̫ˣżſһ£Ҳδɡ
ûпУֱƵ
ͷԽ˵һʲôˮƽࡣ
ۼУʱ漸Ҳڿطš
вɣҷôС⼸˼ǽǣűӵ󵽵һ׼䣬ƫƫȫ
СԵܰͷһģȻԼƵ
ֱع˷ŵǵ۹УյһƵ
վǰУӦøվһսЩ˻ǱӵĻȴո¡
ʵ֮ǰˣֻԼٶȽ
𡪡
3S߽޴վɽ˻Ļо񹥻ɽƣ죬Щ֪A׵ѾʹС
վǰӦǾ΢΢̧ۣ֣ʱ·ʲôеΪɢסڳе۹У˻ָ
˭ȥӦǾ׵
һʵ棬˭ȥܽͷ3S߽ޡ
ȥ˾ͽιЦͻ׵ʺֻ
԰գס
ɫףΪȻչһ˫ͬǻɫȶ״棬ٶȳɽϵ3S߼޳ȥ
ֱƵֻܿüһӰͨ˲ܿ壬ֱýõ豸׽׵Ķ½һżֻŲܿ塣
ȻS˲Ҫܡ
ɫ׳ȥһ⣬˾ͽҪñֱ޲ӡ
˹ȥ3S߽һ˿ŭȻ޷С
ٴŭһԾ𣬲צӳɫ׹ȥʱͻȻѿᡣ
̬ޣ
У˾
̬ֵޣԶ֪Ƿʲôı䣬ڶսͻȻΣû׼ܵ
ڣͻȻΣͻɫͬʱգβͳ׺ݺ˦ȥ
˾ͽæӿȻģҴȱβͻУ̶һ𻨡
ײ˾ͽҧأ̬ޣһ3S׵һԱ̬ޣôܡôӮ
Ѿ壬ֻʣһӰɫȶƵʿ쵽һ磬׼粿ڣϳ̬۾ͷȥ
̬ޱߣͷһȶᣬתͼصԼİȫ
ֻ˾ͽβܷŹ粿ڲϳɨȥɫ׿ٽӽ̬ޣ̼ع⽣ֱޱ
ޱһһצڻɫز
ײڵ˾ͽαѪʱз·ô
ף콣һᡣ
˾ͽԺͻȻһһ˲Щ𵴱ңԶֻһĿꡣ
ɫڿһ٣Ȼ𣬰θգ콣ֱӿ̬ްᡣ
𡪡
޺гԼʧȥһᣬ񻯣ͼ񹥻˾ͽΡ
ӦǾƳԶһһףɱǸˡ


59 
ϵл׹ٶ, ˾ͽθղŵһ˺ֵǿһӦɺӿֱͷ˾ͽεĻз͡
ûǴĻƽͨԺõҲϵСתͷӦɺӵ
Ӧɺӡšһ棬Сƾͬϵлײ֪˭ǿһ㡣
һںıϡžͷл̬, ϣһܽӴ3Sޡ
һֻе۹УƽͨԺնɱ3S, ûо, ںıжٻԿ
ƽͨԺնɱ3S޵Ƶ뿴УֵƵ
һƵͷ˰ԼĹԡ

ڿط, УҲڿط
УӣĦ˹Уӻûж֡ǾüŹĻʵ
ʲôʵأ˾ͽβĦ˹УѶ, ǹעĶ󡣡
Ǿѣλ3SҲ
ٲҲܽ, ؼζԸƽͨԺԱȷһ˾ͽαѾڴƽͨԺϡ
ͷתʳָϵĽָоУǶ, ʱѡ
ǼУֱط, ӦǾڴԱߣͷŹý巢Ƶ
֡
ӦǾƵ, ڱǰ, Ԥ۹УĿԣߴٷ֮ʮ, ʣ°ٷ֮ʮƽͨԺǱߡ
Ħ˹Уָӽ΢ע˱޿ֵüס
ӦǾƵм˿˻ҵһĨΥ͸У̫ˡ
Ħ˹У, , ƺھһǵġ

ӦǾ̧סƵǸ, Աһƫƫһأ˿
ɿ֣΢˼Уܱأ
Ǿг磬ǵù
ӦǾ˹ԣоУ
۶ҹͬΪУٰ硣ͷ˶ȥ
ôˣҲҲֻе۶ṩ

粻Ҫ¡ĳ⻹һζѧ˵ЩǰҪҶǺѧһˡ
ǿ潲ӹӵĲУֽ
˼Ǯ⼸ԱĪ첻֪ʲôǲı
ʲô죬ǲ𣿸Ѷˡ

棬ûĴԱߵĽ
ʦģһõ֡ԼţѶһܱȥ
˿̱ӦǾùھĴĦ˹Աǣı
һõӦɺ
ɽ
ԥõѧУʱȶһ㡣ֻҪǵĵͺá
û뵽־ˡԶ󡯡
һ
ȻѧУҲûڴùھôĿŵ˵ΪһŰ˸߻ɳǣһ3Sôһ㶷־ûС
磿ӹеҪ׼
Ҫ׼Ͳȥˡ
ƨ˶װſڼ
ӦɺӺͻɽҲż
Ƕܹ£⼸ˣһ̱Сˣ⻹Сĸˡ
ֱ׳ָӣҪʱһ𡣡
ӦɺӼ̵ʦҪ͵һ𡣡ʵʶ˹
ɳϵŤͷɸղһָһѵ
㿴ˡ輸ϵĸס˵
ϻῪڶλã˶뵽ܳٵɽͣȷϺ㿪ʼ
궼ڵ۶Щ˽ıȽ
ǽԼ䣬ǹӦòֻ˵Щ
һȥ翪ʼ㲻Ҫߣøҡ
̫ףʲô
ûУֻǾһ㣬ָֹӶ֡治ðκηգǰָӶԸܱҲ
֮ǰڸۿڴФ滹ѶУܱ֣ѶºֵķСΪϡ
ͷӦƳһ̳
죬ڳıҪʼȥһѡȻýӦɺûע⣬
ɽ⣬ȻһŻظ
SAʲôȤ
3SAַӲSԸһAսʽ
˴һ˵Ļʱ䳤ˣ淢֣С˵ʲôɸ˵£
û¡

硣
һ˵ĳٰ죬ռô󣬵еĶУһ¡
ųϰʳ;ˮҡͷ̾Щδ̫ˡ
ӭλ۶μӵһһλװʮվ̨ϣº͵ڴҾʱҪȷڶĸǡ
ӦˣӵĳӦɺӣ
ҵһˣӦкܶ㼶ṹӡӦɺӽͣӦӦĿǰĴˣҪӦҷԵĳϣϯB
B𾪣BӦҵˣ
BͨڵҲֻû׶ѣκһͨҶBˣοӦҡ
ȫҡ
ӦɺȷֶһֱǿؼӦӽӦǾ
һʱʧȥȤѹ֡
ǶһȻӣΨ벻ͨӦǾǺһ3Sָӣ
ôȫֻһ3Sָһ
øС3Sǰҹ֮սƾһ3S̶ֳȡӦɺӳĳһۣԸ֪ɷģһʼзֻܲ⵽A潫֮󣬱ܲSS֮ϵĻ֣˫S3SǹеθĽŲġ
˸о3S֮ӷֱ𣬵ֲ𲢲ԣͨѵֶοֲһֱùĽӦɺӶ˶ٵҹ֮սһֱ˽Ϣøȼֹ3Sû֤
λʦԻʷôȶнܳʦ֣ȴԵ߸ϵҲһֱûٽеĴθĽ
ȻףȴܾԼƺһ£һʱûǱ̨ڹѡڶע档
ĻֹͣӦڶڡɳǡ
Уɫ졣
ɳǵشɳĮһɳĮ
ɳĮɽ̫ࡣ
ǵˡˣǰÿܶɳĮѵУҪ
ûжˣƽͨԺǱ߿ȥӹ뷨
ѳλԿʼ硣Ӧ˵̨뿪
ԾˮȤװһ㣬һתǼȫˡ
ǱˣҪУԱ
£ŵӣ˸徲ĵطĶ
һԽ
һͷӦǾվǣ£
۹֮


60 
ĵƹڳϸ, ڷꡭݸΪУѾҲκ
ҧһ㣬Ҫ鲻Խ, Ĳ˵, ۹֮òȷʵһ
ӦǾɢǽǵ, ֿʼ, ƺûκر, Ҫô֪ҪôԼʵ
ǰһ, ΢
Ӧͬѧ㻹⡣ͻȻð, ǰӦǾЦǶڵȣһȥ
ɣһ, ղŻͷôͻȻ˹
滹ڿӦǾ, Ļ̧Ьӡ
ֺееһ
۵ĵӶ֡
ĿֱӦǾӦָӣ
ӦǾ˺һ˵ͷ̧תǱߡ
շ
һߣͷҪָӵһ𡣡
ʶѶУָӣδϵҪֵӦǾ, ѹûн
֪Ӧ˼, ղŽ֡
ҪֱӶ, ûҪະһ
ҸղſҪָ̧ӵĸ֪˵ġü´˵ȹȥˣ㲻Ҫٵĵط
Ž淵ȥͷ˶Լţò˵ղһʵ
վŵķֱǵһ͵ڶˣмԪ½ͶϽнˣУԱ
ѾܾûмôѧڴΪսԪվģпշ˹˹ֻǿǵĵһأǾԹսӦ֪жпᣬҪŬ
Ԫ½һӮúպս˾ôƽ׽˶ԴøԱ档
ԺұҵпܻΪսѣǻ֮Щ
һԣѡĸУѡУЩѧҵ󣬲ȥҲǨֻҪԷԸա
Ԫ½ĻȻһ˼֮ʱҲԸֵ޳ʱ˱ͳһսߵսѡ
Ԫɨһ飬ʦм˳˵׻ˣ»𣿡
У˸
ôн硣Ԫֳ̧ѹʾɡ
Ѿࡣ¾֣Ŀǰڵԡ
Ǿͺá
ԼԪΪģɢһȦڼδҪ
ǽ棿ŴĦ˹úô򡣡Ԫر档
һȦˣĶǴңֻнͻȻСðģ˵ǰǡ
ֳϣУԱҲΣԪµ棬϶ſ׵ЦʲôֻԼ֪ˡ
ľУ̫࣬ÿһ궼ǾصӣԪ½ص˾Ϲ

ݽ̸ӦǾԪ½ߡ
ղô£Ӧɺʽ档
ղŴҶߣͻȻߣתͷ㿴øǱߡ
ֻ֪ӦǾվǰѾ̧ü۴Įָ̧֪ζʲô
ֳָ̧ϣԴݻһͼ׵
ASǣ涼㹥οӦǾ֪3S֮ϡ
ǡӦǾΪʲôҪԸ̫⣬ûнҵ۹УҲҪֶΡ
㲻Ըϣ۹УʵҲ㹻ǲκ˷
أȥ˵ʲôתȥˣɽںһȥ
ںԼСһԶһġ
һ޵׶һȷ˳ô඼ûзӦģⳤϵĶ챻ˡ
粻پٰ켸ΡŰ뱥Ķӡ
̫࣬ôֻڵ۶СվղӦǾ˵ʲô
Ťͷȫˣ°ͳ˵㣺һûü˵ͻȻðˡ
ӦǾֿ̧ɵһ
Ҫ֣
棺һ3SָΪʲôҪһAܱ֣
µӣɣͺҪ˵áȻͻȻðһš
뿴档
Ÿʲô
ӦɺӣøҶֻͷǴкٺ֫Ӵ
ǸǸҸղеżӦǾκ¶ɣ޿Īִк
ʶɽһʶŮӦòҪɡ
˰ɣȦ
СӣѾûкȦˡ
㣡ƺʱš
Сʲôƺţ棬Ҳ
Ҫǿգһס졣
ȥվԱߵе֣Ϊʲô˿һӡѵԵʣ
ЦЦʾȥУӣܡ
սĬúãһ֡

ڣԪλӦǾҹǱƺ춯ǾоȱҵȥŻҹǡ
ǣ
꣬õھϢǼ£ȥһԪ¹һӣһϵӣϤϤ
ȥ꿴һԵӦǾҹ֮սҲо顣۹˫һ𣬶һͷԽߡ
Ԫɫ࣬֡ơơ棺ѾˣһǾں󷽰סҹǣͳ
껹˵ʲô֣ٶԣѶǳȥ
һ㳯ǽһţʲô˼ҹôҪĵطֻҪһȥ
ҪλáӦǾ
ɫûкתλô˿ȱһҹǷ߳ʧأ֣һܻס
ڲȱ3S׵
˵Щˣָ緽ЦһԽֱ£˲ֵһᡣ
ҵ»硣ӦǾͷһԼ֣ķڴϡ
˵֮ǰȥҴĦ˹ǸУܱʲôָɫŰˡ
겻ͣ浱ǵ۹УѶУʲôֶζã
ûʲôӦǾֻ֣Щ벻ס
Ҳ벻׵ʱ򣿡ϵɢüۼЩ

е̧ͷ۶ǺڳյĴţǵˣ
ӦòǡͷɳǺڳ̳Ǳߺ
ɽָ½һС֣ϵʽ
ԣȲȥͶ˵˼䣬Ҷϣ˵۶Ǻڳάޣʱرա
ֻܻɳǣٲμӡɽԼźõ
еʧԭ뿴ߺɳʲôͬ
ֻܴظ

ڶȷУձ㶯ɳǡ
ʱڻȥķΧһˡվǽ͸ǰ̫յ
˵ɲȺֵġ˵£ĿھۣУӾˣӳһгӣ˭˶Ϊܹھаյӣֻ
ЦЦȥһҲ˵ʱҲûжˣѧжصĺܣڡ
ڶĺܡ߳䡣
УڸøĿˡתУ
ƶѣֻʦ֮һ鲻Ѱ¹һܻס
ʱӦôʡ
ѾϤѧǱ߿һۣڶɳǣ׼ɳĮ޸죬ײУɽ𻷾ͬ
۶ǺɳǾңԶҪܵڼУڼǽѵ
Լڣħ̳ǸǮ졣
ȷе˵ǴǱߴ̽йS׵Ϣ


61 
ִɳʱ, вӭĦ˹УΪøۿڣǲ, ֻվڸۿ档
Ħ˹ͣ

У߳ۿ, ר÷, Уڵȷ, ûгȥŴĦ˹Уѧ˼, ڴк
ʵӮɳڶӭӴĦ˹У, Ҳ⡣
һǳɳڸˡ
һӮͰ
Ħ˹Уǿġ
Ѷ, Цøǿģ˵һҪ죿
Ҫĵ۹Уԣ۳Ѷ˿ȥ
Ѷ˶ʱˣ
źžͱˣʼ˷ͷpk
ϰҲõˣ
ŪУ
Ӧɺ, 谮㣡
ү˧ġ
˵˧ģģ
ҡͷʾѧǴкԽȥ, ǰôûɳҲá
Ħ˹Уѧк׷תۿߣ׼Ͼ÷
ʱȺͻȻһ˺ѷεԶɧȥ
Ѿתֻ̤ۿڵ
˻ͷȥֻһվм䣬˾һӡָͼ·ںɧûҲ
»һ󺰣ɧ棡
ŻɽļڱﲻסЦ
Աߵж˼Ц⡣
Ҳз˿ˡӦɺӶ˵, ԼҲûסЦ

ΪʲôҶɧ, ֻɧۣ
һ˾÷, ˶ʱ׷ſЦ
ϲ濿ЦǺһ⣬ܱߣ
ԭĻã̽ɧ۵ĴڣҰ
С
УȥͬɳǵϰǴĦ˹У֮ǰ۶ȣªܶ࣬׼Сһδ޹ʩã̸϶á
Ув޴˵𣬱ϾĦ˹УԼҲס֡
Է÷ͻɽϡ
׼ȥڳ
ɳǺڳ̳ıƷֽʲô
ɽĹĻһֶϣҪĵĸֻ֪3SϣȼĻòˡ
ɳǲϾôã۶Ӧûáһϧ
ҴǸµһڲʲôڳΪ˱ܷͷͰˡ
ɽòԾڳԺ͵۶ĳϵǳΪһš
̯֣Ҳˡ
ôҶϢϰɳǺڳǱȥ
ɳǺڳδܵ۶ǱӰ죬ճӪҵرǼǵ˽ӹһȻһ죬ǲ͹ˡ
֮ǰڵ۶ǿû뵽Ǳߺڳˡͣ˳ԷӦ
۶ǱװޣӦÿȥɳѾ˺ܾã볡ֻƥ䵽壬µ֮ǰв߶ԶԷھսӮ˿ԽƷߡǼǵ˶һ䡣
˵Ǽ꣬ڳIDԽأƥ
µףǵñܹ򡣡еҪʶʶνֽܲһ£Ҳֵ
Ǿ͵ڶǳеĸ飿
ٷڳvsš
ףôڻA볡
Ϊһ֧AŶء
֧עҪ̭Ҳ֪Ĳμӱ
ô˵ǶģҪֵֻܹĲǱ߰زϣʲô˶
һ볡ڱ㿪ʼ۷׷ףЩڶͨˣ󲿷˶ǸA
ʱôʱ䣬һеڳ̨תת˲ڡ
ͻɽҲνȥףܻ״ڽȥѾվ̨ϡ
ҪмǼܻסһ
УҲҪ
ͶͣͶͲ𣿡Ȼʶ3S׳ʲôһЩAȻмȤ
ҾǼͻ̫󡣡дʣͳ׶ϣ۾
ںԼ
˻ۣһɽһֱ֣мĻױȥ
ԲۣһһαΪǿĻɽˡ
ɧġ˵˸ͻ׶Ըͻ
ǣүȻŭйڶֻϡ
ּʻһͻףûᣬǽƾжӯòһܻס
ͼ׷ÿÿ׷ʱԷܴڳһξ룬·ˣˡ
ɴ಻׷ˣ˫䵶ѳֱ֣쳤ȥ
Է䵶ٶȲԾҪľһݵʱٶ£˾룬ɽս
ʱԷޣžһϣױϵĹӻУһ𻨡
ԱڶֵŤͷȥڣĬĬףԸˡ
϶ʱһİ̺ۡ
ٿػ׵ͷ͸ӴԼϵˡ
ʱֳû˦һӣ빥
ֽ̧סıӣһһ㡢졢ꡢˡ
Ȼв̨ϻвֲһ
ıӣҲһֲһġһӾˣʮɵԼӳһ֣Է󵹡
˫䵶Ѿ䣬ȥƵǰҲãֱӿһ˫֣һȭһȭڶԷϡ
Էڻײڱͷۻٿضû취֡
ò׸еͷͣ٣ٿػ׶㿪ֱ˫һܻױ
ȷе˵ǾٹͷתһȦݺ̨ϡ
̨ҡ¡
̨ĸˣ
о˺ܶࡣɽǵǰûô꣬սپ
̨ףͷжమϧֲǲ֪˵꣬һͣؽְ߻ס
ֻʣһˡ
ɽŶ֣չƳᣬɱԷ
ƳôʱʣλʦĵģƳֶܸġ
ԽͨõԽ̶Ϻʲô
ƳAͻͨõ
ǰҵġɽ˻ףһߵԱߡ
Ѿӻˣûսȥ
ҵĻһͷԼؿλãôһ̺ۡ
һ۱̨棬ȥĲŻףǾοʵ̫ˣ
ҲáԼƣҲˡ
ɽȭһջףǸûȥˣʦ׼ѵ
ȻȥѻջУָе´
ʲô£棬ԵģҪǴһݡ
һѧУ顣
˷·ߣû̻Уȥһ˺ڳһ㡣


62 
ȥһ, ޻ףΪ֮ǰǮĹĲϣϴδҴ뿪ɳȥ, ûüôSϡ
óʱû㡣, ȥˣ
ȥˡ˵̨
Sϣã
˫ֳڲ̨, 濴ŵ, ŵһͷ

˳ȥžһţƺһйߡ
ⲻ, ߵ͸ǰ, һϴ
ʲôʱҲװ˴
½ĿS, ЩֻҪȥף⿴ܵ˺
AȣSһ, էһ޷вж, ڲ, ÿһǡֻ֣Ʒ
о˰, ȷʵûй߿Դ濴Ľṹ, ϢӦɺ, ƽʱôùS档
ɺӴʦ֪, ʦĸ֪Ե, ֻҪ׼, ׵ָһ
ԭ, Ų̨, ΢
ɺӴʦAʦñ, SģΪʲô⡣
ϰڵӦɺӿԼ, ϢȥһA׵ѧAѾˣԽֻԼܵ˺
ַ棬ͻȻʡ
˹ԣŲ̨ϵ棬˫ִ̨ϣԾš
ָоһˣǰһζȣַסȫ򲻿
뿴Ľṹ
ܳ
סԼӣϤĸо
ûжֻ֣붼ԣ
ҲˣһֱӵѪȥֱסȥҵҪֽ
ǻ̫󣿡ֽڼ
סԼӣ֪ͣФS
潻ܣȷ⡣
ԶŷӦղǾ仰˼һԻ󣺡ǿдS棿
ӺڳĦ˹Уȥʵﲻܲܿԡ
ѧУѾѧˣһȥ㱻ѧϳһ·кȥղ鼮ĵط
ʮ飬ȫԼڣϰϡ

ɳǻΧطޱɳĮϰɳĮзɳԻҰܶмӰ졣УĿǰȥڽѵ⣬ʦҲҹ޸ԼСӵĻס
ˡСӻʦڸҷ
жûз֣ʡ
һõԴһӵĲϣУֻõ֮֮һСûС
ֵΪ˷ɳװڻ׵ĸؽڣϥǴɳĮŻжɳ͸ڲ𻵣صĿԸŻ׺һս
ķ١ָӺͻʦĻ׿ԲùܣҪָ̾ĴУǰ۵ƣһ³Խ
ʦָӵĻбѾǸּ޻׵Ϊսܶණܶѻڻ棬ԲҪʦս
ԼСӵĻף˼ֻˡ
ʦˣѵҪһ·ȥ
ȥ׷֣ӸʦԣװЩҪʱ䡣
˵գֿ̧ʼʱ
ʦһ㶣Ϸֿʼ֡
ֻлʦװֵС˶ڿ
áˡʦĨһѺ
1632룬ʱ̫ˡָŻףڲ
һοʼʱ
ʦûȣϣʼ֡
1309롣һƽʱѧУѧʲô
ʦװж׷ƽʱÿײʮӣҵٶУġ
ܺУܱСӣʦAǸ
ָװжʱѹ20ӡ
ܣЩԽʱ̵25ӡʦϹָӵĸо
ջһָҡҡʳָһжò20ӵʱװжãһԡ
ʦ뽲ں׷֣ϻףʼ֡
װϡж¡һܻ£ͷһۼʱţʮӡ
Сˣ
ʦĿɿڴȥղӻ׵壬ȫȷûκβ
㡢ôģ
ʮ޹ղſװʱѧġ
ʦԴҪըˣⲻܣһ׵
ղ˵20װжãˣûʲôܡǰ20ӣʱװǾܡ
ʦʮҲװáһ׵ѻʦϲڵϣ
쿪ʼĦ˹Уӻʦ׷׿ʼ٣һ˵ܣλʦ㿪ʼóװơ
УزΪʲôǲܣ
ʦǵϸֻлףôһ׷־Ҫʮӡ
ʦŬ׵Ҳû󣬳˱ҪģսϣŬѵܡ
ҡҡ󡭡鵲壬ȭСΧ
һᶡŲסˣѧ
𵲰壬־̫ÿαֱ꣬۶ˡ
ǲСһҲŲסҡͷתսɳ
һȭɳͻȻˡ

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ˣȥܡժȭףط
ѵˣף߳ȥҪȥһȦ
ҲԼѧУǱЩš
ϰԵţԶýӣŷѾý̽Ӳɷʱ䡣
Ѷϴʲô˵𣿡
ûʲô˵ģֻĳУĳЩСĵ㣬ǲ׷ŹǡФ
ϰͨɳαʲôƻأɷ΢һ᣿
ϰͨĿɨԶɷѶУͬһͷϲΡ볡Уܱһ
Լȳ֣Ż¼̵ӡ󡣡ѧֽӹͲ赭д䡣
ȺѶ˷ԣͷ߿һװ
ýҪĹע㶼УԱϣ⼸ĲɷҲΧԱѵѶcueȶˣýȻҲŹ
׼ڲɷУԱʱȥ
Уһֻýɷãýֻкɼһңǰʱ£Ӧɺӽɼýֱڷͥ;·ͥ󣬺ɼýɼ۴Ӱ½
3SĲУ̫࣬ýϾУ߻һĿֱÿһǰѡֵѵƵڵĺģҲô˽Уࡣ
УӦԵɣܴһҲ뿴Уѵճ
ýѡ˼ңɼ乫˾豸ߣۣУǽʣµĻͱǰý塣
λڣǵǰڵ۹Уѵ˵͵۶ϰͬԷΪѵߵ˽ȥʾ⾵ͷϣȻת
۹УڽѵŶ䳤㣬˫ִźɫףһ˫ɫƤѥԱʪŵӳ⶯
ٲٲ٣⻭ϲ
ĺɶɣȣ˰ˣҾǵ۹ۣ
ͷ㣡Ҫ۹˫ǣ
ʦǾڣֻӦǾԱߣűӺͱʣͷڼ¼ʲô
λ߽ͣ¶˾ͽǰסͷڸʲôǾУѵ
ͷסһƬڣֱڣֻü̸
໣˾ͽδսһ룬ͻȻˣ˧
֪ôߣгó˰ɡ
ǺУǩЭ飬һֱĿǵֱ֤߲ڵĹ侲٣ֱѵе3S׵
˾ͽνӹ֤ͷһۣ򼧳ꡣ
ġ꿴󣬽֤˻ȥְҪѵ
֪֪պ֤ͷλ׵
ҲǲԱߵӦǾղžͷƹȥ̧ۿһ˲䣬˵ʲô֮ٽͷ׼
ֱڡ
ղǵ۹˫֮һӦǾ
̧ۿֹͣˡ
Ȼǣ˵ùֺÿ𣿹ֵҲȫ˰ɡ
ȫ󲻵Ժ˭һ𡣡
Ӧӣ3Sָӣٳҹ֮սָӶ£ˡҲܺŵԵŮӡ
۹У׵ѵ˾ͽδ˵ҫζףԱߵĻս
̨ѵϷÿһʽŨҵɱȴܱԷ⡣
ֱ˶ˡ
˵׶ֲҵУǻ׶Իܵ˾˷ܣĶⲫÿһζܲ𻨣עĿ
ýֱ۹УʱںСѵ
ǰѶУԱŻҪԸ㡣ͷ£û
ûСڵϣϢΣֳɷҿˡ
ͷһƿˮ˲Ҫ˵̫ۣԱһУܱƽϡ
Ըô͵ˣ
ŤͷҾںҡ
ûУĴַϵ飬ʲôһ˷һήңڻʲôʦ飿
ѵ˱ѵҿҲϣˣϢһ졣
װжֵļѧģ
ңһʦ˫޵ľУɢ
ɵ飬ܱʦ˫ޣҡͷѧ㣬ٳ飬һ־ƭ˵ģ˵ѹǴŴʦͷƭǮġ
Ϣһᣬתսȥģѵùȥǡ
ȥûʲôرѵ

ƽʱѵʹҪᵽٷ֮ʮ
ͷͣ3S׵ȼ̶ֳͬȸպÿǴﵽʵսЧҲԸ֪˺
ԱӦɺڼ¼ݣָⲻͣڹϻڵݣҵһõƽ㡣
ֱڿɵḶ̌ĻҲڷɿ
Ħ˹УԱʱŻͦôʱܸоģ
ϲĴĦ˹Уǰ̫ˣѹ֡
ѹֲŹ֣УҪ˷ߡ
˵ǽѶʹĦ˹Լסڵλӡ
ʮʮУָֶõһˮ侮ʯãæΪšʮһ
ҿֱûϵĦ˹УôݾģûǽѧĦ˹УܲٲμӴһ
ͦǵģϣĦ˹УߵøԶ
ֱĦ˹УľͷϱУ˵ӦҪҪȥУܱôѵģ侭ѶУԱŵĺݻ
ߴԱѵ߳һ·УѵȥͷСӹԱϰס
Ǽܻ䣿
ԣϵеĻףɽɽ̽ϣԷӳ3SĹЧ
ϰڣһɫӣÿһ˦ϰϣɼ˺
ҪǴڻϡSϵĻ׶̫ˡ
ͻȻ뿴ˣҷɳĮܱɽҪңһǺûôֳʵ
һ̽ȻȫԸ
λѾУǰǴĦ˹Уѵҡߵͷһ۹ԣѾǰʵѵģǹȥ
ֱһˡ
Ҫ˵İϢ࣬УԱʮֵ͵ýҲڲʲôϣһУܱ˷ͷ
ڶ֪ѶУԱҪԸĦ˹УܱλܱʲôӦ
Ӧƴѵ
ôƴѵԱҪԸǷַӵ¡
ңͲҪȥ˼Ұں˰ɡ
˵ڵ۶Ǹۿڣ˦ԱФ⡣
٣ļٵģôңԣôõ
ФĦ˹УԱסˣҲ֪۶Ǹۿڹ涨ǲ£治֮϶Ҫ
ô˵һʱѶУڸΪľǱָһΣ
ֱۻʱѾžͷƿѵţӳıȵͷ飬͸ɢ
һĻڹУط顣
Ǹڿʲô鰡ʱ飬Ѱƽ𣿡
ǳ׷𣿱Ѷ˵ɡ
ãֱļߣҵ֤һ˵ͼ
飬һϤɫͼ꣺ļߣ
ߵͷԣڸֱĦ˹УѵСӡ
ģѵ
ɽʮһΪʦ
һƭǮҵ飬Ѵңմֶѧٳ飬ƭǮġ
Цһʦôܻд飿ʦ֪ǹײİ嶼ѹסˡ
ΪѶУԱĻƵ֮󣬲ظתгΪʦɣ
Űأʱܲˣˡ
Ħ˹Уܱʱͦģڿˣʦôõ˵תоתУ

ýֱû£ϾĿǰͶʹɶ
ý岻ģǽȡֱڶȫͣɵϢͷ
3212ǡ
ƤͽӢһֱڹעշ˹˹һֱĿ֣˵ġ
ƤһΪ
3212ëʱѵر޸мӵִֻ뿴߶ĳԼõֶţװװ˲
ڶȫһϢ
ĳУѵڼ䲻ظʧͼתС
⼫ӢէһĿ˵ļҾУ̫ˡ
˵ȥȿڳϣƬӳ
Ƭ󼸱ռݰ֮û֪ĳУ˭
Ӣ
С⻹Ǿʧǲܵġֻñ˾ʧķϡ
ʦһ֪ýģžؽҳˡ
֪˲֪
ѶȣƬʱµ֤
ϳЦĦ˹УЦӲ
ҪҪӦԱ߻ڿ
ûȤſϷһҳ飬Цǵġ
ġȥǣƣѶԱڳֶԸ㡣ִܱ򲻹㡣


63 
ɳĮʮʽ, УϳŶӣĦ˹УվڵλƽͨԺ档
γս˻Ӧɺ, 濴鵽Ķͦ, һУսԴֻ˵һ㡣
ʲô, ܲˣ漵ʵسǰƽͨԺһ, ô˼սҪԴԴҪвϡٲѶһ, ʳҲС
´, ү, õḻս˫ֱۣŵ
Уսȫλ, Ⱥ볡
۹У롣
˶ʮ, 㲥ڶƽͨԺ롣
ʱ䲢ȫǰȷ, Ҫǰʱ任㡣
һǰǰܳʱ, ֵĴĦ˹У, ֵһСʱ
Ħ˹У롣
ɽͷ, ŶɳĮ, һȥ, ӭķɳ, ѥӲɳĮ, ӽŵ״ȶ, һˣѾɳĮ, ʱػ޳֡
ʮӺ, УӳɡסΣųף׵ĵʱ̾ΧУʱҲڽ
λֱͷǰĹһ˺棬ɳĮڣһ󣬳ɳĮ⣬ûκڵԱ;ͷġý߽ͷ׼߿գʾϿɳĮϿոʮͷǵȺ۲ľԱײ¼ͷ͸Ʋ㣬㵽·龰ԴҲõֱͷ⣬ڴĦ˹Уı֡
һߣ濴ŽУָӸò
Уϴй̸УδĦ˹УǰʮӽûߣǴڵУˡ
Ħ˹Уܱһۣζøлǡ
治ɫȡ衣
˽ͼóδĦ˹鵽ĵͼϸĵͼһԣܺϳĵͼ
ָһǰʮȺһһ롣
ҡͷܾǰնɱ֣˭Ҳռ˭ˡ
Ӧ
ɳĮ޼٣վ࣬Ҫ쵽طǻȥָָͼɫεĵط
ڵһվֿԥһ·
á
̸ȴһߵյ㡣
УʼǰУúܽ
нһξѶУڽɳĮ
ǽʱоУнĺۼѱɳڸǣֻʣããɳĮ
Ħ˹УӦúˡѧָץһɳӣ̧΢΢ɿɳһָ£Ǵһֺ̣ϧ
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ͣ
Уͣסжͬһ࣬ûκ˳ͳһͣ¡
ָ´Ӧÿ쵽ͼϱעȺĵص㡣ֱֳ˵̨ȺԱһ㲻ᶯ֣и߽޳֡ص㲻ʲô߽޵ӣǿԿУУΣԼָӵͳһ
ûǴĦ˹Уķֲࡣϰһ䡣
ɵͷǣɳĮлûз֣Ի׵սӰ죬֮ʦҪʱ估ʱڲɳӣɳۣ׺׳⡣
նɱЩ޺ȫһɷ֣һУӳԱĻ׷ӦݿžͷڵĴĦ˹УָӣκһǵָӶὫгһ˭֪ʲô
ѸͣºУԱһۣվٿػֻڿհνȻ£ϥأһѿֱɳУȥڴͬʱսת
һƬɳĮ·ʲôеĶӰ죬ɳʼ𶯣˽ŵ׸ܵһнƵʡ
ޣ
ɫɳĮз
صУԱȫ˺󣬽ЩУӶԸ
Ħ˹УӺУȫս״̬ͶվָӺͻʦǰվں档200֧СӻΪ㣬ΪһλԸɳĮгֵľ򼡣
ɫɳĮУͷ΢΢࣬ʵɫ20Բ㣬һ㣬߽Գס
Сǵһ㣬˵ٿжʴԣ˺ס
СָӵͶ붯֡
ϰգûעʻѪγ򼱼ȥٿػԾ࣬γ⵶ͷȥ
ϡ
⵶ھͷһ̶ȴûж˺ֻǳǳһۼ
ͬһʱ䣬СҲƵͷӲǹ⵶߽ڵһʱ䶼޷˺ǣЩ򼡣
򼱻һҲ˰жĹ㳯ͼ̴Ļס
ĹȻһӭǾֻ㡣Ŀһ͵عұ۷ųǹڣһӵо򼲽㣬۵Ա߶
ڵڲϹ򼱳޿ɶ㡣
򼲻ţ˻˻ͷ̧ϰͲ빥
Ա˲ƣ㿪Ĺ˿ϰѵĹǶȡ
ײڵָڲٿƶʻ׿򼣬չ⵶ֱ
ڡ
븹һܿ쿪ʼ񱩻Ҫܻ˺顣
һе֣ȻٸᣬҪˤʱżǰ˫ס⵶
򼱻룬ԭ񱩻ĹʱɢȻء
Ͷûͣ٣תȥնɱ򼣬ں󷽣ͻ׵һͬߡ
ӦУһȺʼеңϰ߽ĬˡɵɽڵޣΪǰ귢Ͼٸ߽ޣϳԵùˡɳĮȫͬȫ֪ȺĹģ
Ħ˹УֲܱȻûо飬ƿʱ׼֮£ǰμӹУܱѷһϰ쿴ֱͷڵҲֻǻ͵Ϯ
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ֱͷڣǵѪɫжѸ٣ٶȻڼӿ죬ȻͶֿնɱޡ
һСʱ֮
Ѫվ˫ǳǳɳڣŹ⵶մžڵɫѪҺ˳ŵδδ䣬ʪµɳӡ
ڻײ˻
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Уӻʦ׵޸ʱ͸ȥһ
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Ȼûл֣Ƕһɻײϡ
ֶԻضҪα֮󣬻ã˺˷ѡ
ⷽ棬뷨ıϣ
̨أ̨ϥǹؽڽɳӣڣղսʱˡԽСӻѾϡ
泯濴һۣʱһǼǰߣһվͣѶѷ֡
ʱ߹˵ˣһվǷֿǵԼĳŵ
һ͸̸к󣬺УѶĦ˹У֣һεԴԼһУĹͬǰУѶУ
ȻЦЦֻôֿѶרʱһǸϲ
ǵĿԶһɳĮУһֱһ𣬷ָȺҪԿ
ߺ󣬽ϵЦ˵ô򵥵ɣøڵһվҪǷֿ
ǡʲôԭ
Уһ·ǰߣͬʱ˫ָ̽һһ
Ա߿ͷۣȥĸоصԼСӣͶһߡ
۹Уնɱͷ˫Sޡ
;һ㲥ʶԶȥ
Ӷˡ
벢У̧ͷ󣬱ǰߡ

վ
һªɫӣֱʳﲹ֮ͬ֡
ԱȥУ档
ȥ֮󣬺ԥ˵һĸֻõĸ
ǴĦ˹Уδ̫ЩֱֳһʦУŮܻ࣬һá
ȻУͬΪУΪʲôҪãбƽƾ¡ԱûвʦȴЩǡ
λʦǺⲢˣֻһֱˣǴĦ˹УҲãѾϰˣٱȻƣ
겹Ǿڴ˷ֿ
棺ãټ
Աȥ󣬴Уӱ任ͣһ뿪
ʧķ˻ᣬͻȻԣߡ


64 
ǰѾ, Ȼǵ۹УƽͨԺȻڵ۹Уնɱ˫SޣĦ˹ջ, ƽͨԺȫûκζ, ޷λ
ͬ볡ѶУҲûϢ·ʧһ㡣
ǿҪڵһվֿ治ò롣
Ҫ뿪
ֱֳ
Ѷʦ°ͣĪЦڲףˡ
ͷ, ƽͨԺڸѶУվڵĴĦ˹Уǰ󶼶סˡ
˲·ƽͨԺͻȻ֡
ƽͨԺԱվǰ, һǧУӳԱ, ྲڴĦ˹Уǰ
ʾͣ, ƽͨԺָ·ʱ, ƶǺѶУ
ΪƽͨԺǰὫĿں͵۹Уһϣǽʱ˷, δϵƽͨԺڱѶ
·ʱ۵ʱͬ, ƽͨԺУͬ
ٿػ, ǰҪսս, ү㡣
ʱǴ򡣡·ʱɳϣλվԱ, л˼, 󶯸ɸ˭á
, ·ʱףΣ
·ʱײ˵, Ħ˹Уȥ
ѶУˡ
ǰлһ龰ֵֻ֣Ħ˹УԮ
ѧվں󷽣Ѷ˵ĻӲջء
˵һ£ŪܱФڻǵһƵĳ裬ڸöǵĳŵ
ͻȻƤѶУȥû
⸱ӸФΪ˵ЩһᣬԱ֣ٴһѶУܱ
Ħ˹УЩ˿ФӲ䣺ԼƽͨԺܱ
䣬ǰƽͨԺУӱ߳һˣĿľݣŲ˵
һ
SٿAס
Ħ˹Уɫѿλε۸ˡ
ǺΪ˶ԸһУܱ濴·ʱףûʲô˼Ա
·ʱҡͷ΢ЦҾĺܺãʧȥһУܱѣ˭޺
ò˵ƽͨԺ൱ģУܱҪԱҪУش塣
ڵУ˵棬Աڵ£УܱУŪ֣УӳԱĽܴ졣
ʱֱͷ׼Ħ˹УԱд
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ͽһۣӶԷпò׾ƽղ˵ˣһھ֪Ṇ̀ʲô̡
֮ϸºֺ׽ѣȻ֪ΪʲôԺߵýֻóѡ
˵ʱӦôƽ
⼸λԱɫ˿ʮУܱռһܡͷΣ˵ҲAѡ
ڡ
ͷɢһۣ·ʱףƽͨԺУҲ£
·ʱ΢ЦƽͨԺֻһУܱ˶ֻΧۡ
ҴӦתת󣬡һϡ
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Ħ˹Уһơ
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ѧʾԱ˺ǺƽͨԺ˽´ɵЭУֻһܱ˶ٲ֡
볡һ죬˭Ҳ޷
УУӿʼм仹дĦ˹УӵĻʦ룬ûжѶķ֣ԼٶװԼСӳԱϡ
ٶ֮죬ֱֳɶΪ֮̾
Ħ˹Уʦһּʵڡĥ죬ڿ뻯
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Фȥֻȥмܱ򶷣ҵο
ƽͨԺѶܱսʱȻûĬһSԽյʮ׼ȷܻһӽһԶ
úܴæ
ƽͨԺܱʻĺɫףڲԶĵطϼǹڣ׼ȥ
һԾұ۷ƽͨԺܱȥӵڿа;㣬ը
ʱѶܱȻƽӽֱֱ
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սˣ˽ýս
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һһǹԼĹƱǰ·Ա
ײڵüһ˿꣬⵶ַסƽͨԺܱһǹǹڳѶܱӽȥһѶܱؿ֮ϣϰƽͨԺܱǹ档
ץסѶܱ˿ʱԶƽͨԺܱ֮ľ룬ӲƳһ·
վԶӦɺΪݺһѺ3SսûôŹ
һαƿƽͨԺܱѶܱһһ֪ᵽߣнṹӡУ󷢶ơ
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Ѷܱӽֱָؿڣ⵶ؿڴӽڹ⵶ϣ̶ѹ˼ʱѶܱͻȻչᣬȶѪĹ
ĿһҧѸٳ⵶ͬʱɳĮ͵һѶܱĹ
ûз֣ôһ׸ؽԱɳӡ
ˣ׵ݿʼϸ΢ɼı仯
ٿѪѸӭѶܱһɳ棬Ļɳ
жݵģȥҪܿɳȴδƽͨԺȻں󷽵Լ
ƽͨԺܱһǹ.δУǹǹλô̡
ʱѶܱһοӽ˵ٶȺȱ֮ǰһֹ
ǿѶǰѽĹ⵶ҪƽͨԺܱǹƽͨԺܱһǹһƹ⵶ϣǹ.ȡ
һ
ԲۣսͻȻһֵ̧סԼ۾ͷŽµĻɳ
ɽ˿Ҳм俴ͷ죬·ϵƺ˼ӡ
漸˳˿һۣΪɽǲĿˡ
ɻ֪ͨ˲䴫ﵽУ·Ҳ.ǹ.С
˿ӲʹԼˣơˣ
ԭ̸Ϻõһ˲ըˡ
Ȼ˸ף
ƽͨԺܱûвʲôıˣ.ǹ
㣬ۿų.ǹҪԼֱסĳ.ǹֱ֨
ž
ƽͨԺܱĳ.ǹ۶ϣ֮ʣǰţһϥϣʹ䵥ϥأһźͷӴ
һ󣬻ײڵƽͨԺܱ³һѪ漴Թȥ
ˣҲûзŹһȭһȭɳ֮С
Ѫɫ񱩻ʧȥǣƽͨԺܱº֣һֱ𻵳ףԶ֣Աʼ߸
ΪȻֱֽۣȣڳԴͷ֣ûŹ
ʾԼСӵĻʦߣһѽײڵֱܱƽͨԺԱǰ
תѶܱƫƫͷɢ͸ű꣺ѧԡ


65 
ڿŽƽͨԺܱʱ, Ѷܱ󱳱㶸Ȼ⣬ϳԼϳڵϵĲ״, һʱ侹ȻԭءȻعּ񱩵һĻ, ˶һ롣
ôÿζͻȻ
ĻѶܱʶһ
ֱֳ
ѶУܱҪˡϰ쵭
һ׵ʧȥ־һ̣עˡ
ͻȻ񱩻ܱȻѹס˵ֻǳA˼
ӦݿϣԼĿ, һʼ·ʱƽͨԺ˲岻֣УӺѶУӶ, Ϊľ, һʼʱ䡣
ΪָӵӦ뷨Ҫһ㡣
Աϰ첹䣺̽ƽͨԺܱ˼, һѶܱԹ, һϸ
𣿡ܾﲻԣ񱩶ʱ, Ħ˹УںѶУһ, ʱá
ҡ
ɿͷڴĦ˹һһص׵˱е֡
λԱȷĽ, Ҳٷʲôʡ
ڡ
Ź⵶ⴹ, һһѶܱȥ⻮ɳ, һǳǳݣֱܿɳƽ
𣿡
ײڵѶܱ﷢, ʲô, αʲô޶û, Ҫȫ
ﵶѶܱƲסˣһѵ
Ҫÿ˵һǰһ˴һƤҪˣǡҰƤòã
Ѷܱ߱
㿪һסһšԷӽȻֱ֡
һֻѸ̹ӽѶܱšϣʹҪ˻
ӽֱȡ
Ѷܱ˲˲䴫еʹ࣬ٿػæӿһ·ѶԱ
ֻȼСӣ׷ȥӳΧڣһѽ˳
ʲôֱڵأ֮ǰǴĺܻ
˵ĻӲջءŲѶܱؿϣѶָӸѧ֣ȳĽҲջء
˵գֱӲȴѶУܱؿڣʹײձ¶
һ˲ѧɫΪ
ֱ䡣
ԲԲۣˣĦ˹Уܱҷˣ
ֻղı𣿿ʼΪǲĿԼܱ֣ôеܱͬ
ǻһһء
ʵ˵ܴͦģ˶ٳֵоĦ˹Уϵĳֵġ
û͵۹Уܱ򣬺УܱŪֹ
ϵ۹Уܱ治һӮ۹ǱҲһAܱS껹ɱʵԲ͡
۷׷ףѾھԱǰѶܱٲһ顣
ǵѶԱġ
УҲѾĲˣ֣ͣʦض顣
ƽͨԺУܱ֣Ѷܱ֡ظ
㲥һӻƽͨԺ·ʱ׿ȥĵȥӦøĸ֣Ȼһӡʧܡ
һЦЦ޼ɵֻҲǾҪʧܡ
ƽͨԺԽ˿һۣתߡ
˲䣬ƽͨԺ˱侲뿪
ѶվԼĲҲѸ뿪ֻɫ
һʧˣĦ˹ٴδ٣ʧһ֡
ֱǡʷĳ衣
򣺡ˡ
Ħ˹Уû뿪͵ףһЩ˻𻵣ҲУڲɳӣûʲôӰ죬һʮص¡
ֻҪװϷ֣㲻֡
ѶƽͨԺ͡һء

УܱǾת󷽵ĹȥĦ˹֣ôǣƽͨԺ
ӦǾ֣ۣˡ
ʲôǾס
ӦǾóڵͼǣ̧ͷƽͨԺѶֶԸǸܱ⡣
Աߵ˾ͽͬףƽͨԺͼʲô˷ʱΪѶ
ӦǾͼͱʣȭ˼ɫӲ԰ףΪ˺ں
ʵûѶǿʵֻ˵֮ѶȶƽͨԺҪǣںڱжԸ۹У
ڴĦ˹Уһǰ壬նɱޣ֮У䱳ľ񣬼ٺ˺
ӦǾƽͨԺɼΪϸˣʵĦ˹У˸о˵ľ
ᶨִ
ܱ򲻹һǸܱе㱾¡˾ͽһ֪Уܱô
ֻAףSޣͳAϣ˵ӮǾǻʦ˽еĲ࣬Aʹ˵״̬СҪǵ۹ܱA׵˫SԲĶ֡
⵹ǡ˾ͽδ򿪻ףȥǰʣҪҪУҲ㵽յ㡣
ӦǾԼ֣ΣĦ˹ԱУӲһֱһõ۹УӽУӡ
ڶ֣겻⣬ǵĵ۹Уӣǲ뻨ʱڴĦ˹Уϡ
ڵ۹УΨһĿģǰУնɱ߽ޣõԴһ۳鵽ʲôսʲôϡԴʳԳ㡣
ֻҪǰս
ӦǾͷ޳ڴĮеչҫ·󣺡Ҫмֱ¡
ʹĦ˹УǷʲô


66 
Ħ˹Уӣ̩ԼСָӡ
, ָҪôĦ˹Уܱ֣ʱ㱨
̩һԼͷôͻȻҪԸĦ˹Уӣ
ղŶУܱ, һ֡
̩еš
ϴѶڵ龰, ̫Ϥˡ3212ǣһ, ûȤ, ֱӱˡ
ǸСյˡ˵ľ, ȫǴʵġ
ָû˵ԭ򡣡Сָӻһżªͼ, ָӸ·ͼע˴Ħ˹Уӿܻߵķ򡣡
ָֻôĦ˹Уܱ֣ټһܱСĵȻ
۹Уµȼɭ, Уӱӵ, ̩һͣ£ȥһ򡣡

۹Уϵ֪飬УӻȫϷ֣нٶȶ˲١
һ, ȥҸ߽, УӲԶظ, һ·ոСΧȺ
ȫԭפϢĸСʱ, ֵءں, һɳĮ, ʾУͣ¡
˿ʼԭشսڵıرԴ, ҹɳĮ¶ȹ, ز١
ȥֵ, Сֻʣĸˣһɽڣ˿ûӵԾԡ
С棬û˼˯ɳĮΣգҹɳĮᰲȫ٣޹
ɳϲҹϮˣѲҪע⣬ܵġСָ롣
ͷʾ֪ȥ״̬̫á
СָӴ˸Ƿ̫ܲϰɳĮ
ɳǱˣͺѧѵ˲ͬӦɳĮ
ѵʱ򣬺Ҳû뻹ǾȽ֣Ǳߣÿȥ
룬۾񶥶ˡ
û°ɣ֮ǰΪ˯ˣôӲ۾
̧ʳָڴϣꡪ
ڣһֻŻ⣬̱찲
ĿɢԭϢΧϴ
УӳԱĽ̸ΧѲ߶Լɳȫһ
б
Զϸ΢ɳϵ͵˻˻
Ȼתͷȥȥ˽׽䱸
תȥ֪ͨСָӣСָӺָӵĸ֪һֱһ𣬼Уȫõ䱸
ͼ񣬱Ƚףˡ
УΧԱսףΧЩѲӵͻȻԤдɳǽӽ
˿˻ֵصжð
ɳЫ˴󺰵
Ħ˹УأȻɳЫɳһ֡
ҹɳĮȰҪпʮϰžͷڵĴĦ˹Уӣȷʵ˵㡣
Ħ˹УӷӦܿ죬ֹҪ˻൱ࡣɿŶһѺֻҪ룬µɳЫܻٵУӳԱ
ɳЫϲУܱӦҪ˽ֽפɳЫȺ֮ϵĿԡӦù˰࣬վ̨ϿֱͷڵĴĦ˹УӣԼľҪܽ
ô˵ôɺϵ»١Աλø
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ٿѪΣŹ⵶ڿն𣬽²ɳЫͷϣβʱ⵶ֱӿβ͡
̵βڻɳϣԭγĶҺɳϣʱܸɳӡ
ƾһѹ⵶б㽫ɳЫɼΣշתȥɳЫ棬һһɳЫȫͬһ̨ͣЪĻ
λĻ׵ǶԾڲһ˵solǫ
һǾﲻԡСָӵƽʱôϲϣ򣬾ʱϵͻȻ
˴Ż׶͸űС
ｻңȥѲӵˡŤͷΧ˵͸״ʧ⡣
ǡ
ΧѲӵĻ׵úܳɳ̫ˡ
ָǴ˿̵÷ӳˣָӸ֪һŴڵĻ׵ȫ
˿ٶ֣ÿλ׵Ĺɶ࣬·Щһģδϵˣÿһֶᱻ֪
໡
һͷһͷɳǱնɱĦ˹Уӻ׵ûκζֻггУһͷ
ΧڷɳЫһɱʼ˻ص¡֪Լ״ֻ̬뽫ⷢйȥնɱһͷûüصµɳЫʱЩź
ˣ
ֱֱֳע⵽״̬ͬʱҲһ廯״̬û˲


67 
ҹɫŨ, ϸɳЮŨѪζڴϿС
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վΧ, ѵ, ˵һʼûкУһ, ⣬УӳԱûз, ֱͨͷۿˡ
ɨս, õȫպáӻڳ
УӳԱʼʰʱϷĹ㲥һ
Ħ˹Уնɱͷ˫S֫룬Уնɱ49ֻɳЫ67ͷɳǡظ
ڲͬλ
߽ˡͷԶĹ˵
ʱ, ϣҵ߽ޡ˵, Լ׽ʦ
ʦǿʼֳ, СָһȥһϺԴ
һ
۹УָָŸղһĦ˹УӦǸָӻĿ·еһ, ڸϹȥ, Ҫǡ
̩̾, ϻֵ۹ܱĳ侲Ϣ٣һ·
ɳĮֻ·ߵִյ, ǰľУһ·ǰ, ٶȿĻ, 󷽾Уִܵյ㶼һϣɽһǰľУһ㲻ֱȥյ㣬ڱ֤ȵյͬʱܶѰҸ߽ޣΪۻԴϡ
ڵĵ۹УӣǴһʼƫ·ߣΪľǶնɱȺԻȡԴ
ع·ߡ
41𻵣11һ޻áͳƵĵ
ΧһƬǽ忴ȥǰкǻҪ죬û񲻺ã֧Уӣͳû
ֱ䱻սѣѹۿǣ
УУڴĦ˹УӿƶĴ
û񣬱ֿϢΧҪѲӣУӳԱǿϢһϡ
ڶ죬΢б㲥
۹Уնɱͷ˫Sβɳǡ
նɱͷ˫S档
ƽͨԺնɱͷ˫Sͷɳ롣
Ѷնɱͷ˫SɳЫ
ĵӸ
վŹ㲥ֻдĦ˹Уûж
ԱôȻҪУӸ·
УӳԱٳһᣬʮ뷽ͻȻһ
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Ħ˹УͷŹ㲥һᣬȻ𻶺
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Ħ˹Уһء
ѧˮƽȷʵϰ쿴ֱͷڵĽˡ
ҹΧȺ򣬵ʱͰǺ˫ͷ̣һֱ賿㣬˫ͷӮʤͰ뿪ȥ׷ɽ¸˫ͷߡ
վڸ֪һΪˣֹ߽޾񹥻
ɽ˺˫ͷԼǿ֮ɳĮжѸ٣ʮѶԸ
˫ͷ¸ȻӦ˫ͷҪŤɽٿſгһÿһ˷˷ԿɿƲͬһУԱΪԲģڿɱŨȱļ顣
ɽıң˫ͷ߲òתһ룬βδ︹Χ
˫̧εĸֶ֪ԶƶŸĻɽˡ
˫ͷβ˦ʱ潫ԼĿֱ֮ø֪ݵɽС
ָӲԿͬ׵Ҳ޷ѵֿ֪һ׵ԽԼ֪дУֻҪǲֿ
ɨβջȥʱڿԾеĽβȥ
˫ͷ߳ʹһͷڹɽһͷֱӳҧԭֻռ֮һ˫ͷͻȻѿ֮һ
һͷ˫ͷ߾Ȼʼ컯ˡ
ֻӲȥסһҧ˦βУױֱӰһ顣
˵㣬ָӻø֪ȥ3SޡӦݵ
ϰЦЦ˵۹УӦǾĿǰУָ˭Ҳᡣ
ֹҪʵսвϻȡʦ̲ˣģҲģⲻ
Ȼ׵ͻʦָӸѧ
ɽ˷뿪Һ󣬷ĸ˫ͷֻ۾ȥ
˻˻
˫ͷѪֲ³ջȥͳʹ
ɽ뷢ףͬʱ˫ͷߣκηӦʱ䡣
ڴͬʱһߣֱӺܶ࣬ڻԶͰǣԷأռһˣ̼ʵһһײ㡣
Ҳ𽥸е
Լ
ǶԲÿһλӵԲ͵΢ײ
ͨײڻϣ
ԲÿδʱԻ֣ʹ֮㱸УЧޡ׵Ч
޵ľ񹥻ָӸ֪βˡ
аϣ˵ǸbugΪһ죬޲𹥻˺ޣֻлӵܵӰС
ϡϻҲҪ䵱ϻϽڡҲһ
ó󣬳ͰǹȥȻһĳɣݳɣ㹻˰ǡ
һӣԲ
塯ھͰǱ
ͰǿŭУ˫צƴץȥ
㿪ٴλͰأػ㱸УӮˡ
ʮ֮󣬾ͰǱնɱɳء
ֱնɱͷ3S޺λ׵Ļ׽ᣬӦɺԭؿʼǵĻףʱײó

ǰУӡ
˾һȵǸȥ͵񣡡
ûп̫죬֪УĦ˹УӲ⡣
ͬ⣬һ̳ǰȥ
ǰУУˡ
ϳ͵ϮµӡδĦ˹Уӵһʱ䱻ˡ
ǱȫԱȻ٣ˡ
Ħ˹УӵĳԱס⻹û涯ء
еϧǵôС
Ħ˹Ҳʮź̾
ֱڣһȺǿ̾
ٶȣǸϵյ㣬ӦֻҪʱ䡣̧סֱ.⣬Դ𣿡
СָӵøǱһȥҪôУ˵ִյٸϹȥ
յ㸽һи߽ޣУóȻȥҪԱڣУԱ˸߽ޡ
ͷȵﲹվʳ
գŻɳĦ˹УӰǰϵִﲹվʳﲹ
мĦ˹УҵȺսΣһν͡
̫£ɳĮϵ¶ȿʼͣĦ˹УѾ˺ü
쵽ˣм·촽ѡ
վʳﲢֻ̫࣬άֻܣΪ˺棬ҪѵǣϣǴʵսмȡ顣ʼշ˹˹ûвվһаʵսһһã˵ʵսûнΪԤ̫ߣһȵÿҵʱвˣ𽥷չڵĵز
ʮӺ󣬴Ħ˹Уӵִﲹվȥò
ȫˣֻʣڶе۹Уľ죬ĸŴĦ˹ľ죬Ѷľ죬˵УԱѾ
ߵĸ
Сָӽڶ죺۹УƽͨԺ棿
ҲпӡݸСָӣóȥˡ
Ħ˹УӿʼܣԭϢ
պһ֧ӪҺŤͷ󷽿ȥ
ҹУڲеƹ⣬ԶһһƬڡ
ʾ˾䣺
󷽵߳ǵ۹У
Ħ˹УӳԱʱǰһ·𿴼˴š
̩£Ųڻɳϣͷһţ̧ͷĵòǴܣ
ֱֳ
ѾڴλܱϺܾˡŤͷϰ죬˭ƣ
˵׼ϰ춢žͷڵˣʵڳA㲻ѪεļӳɣA޶֡۹Уܱλ̩̩£˵˲ٿA׵˫SʵͬС
ɳҲ˵׼˺ǳӴǵĻʱ䲻һ꣬ʵȷʵ˲á
ǵƺϰ˼
ΪϷչǵʵҲʼǿ
̩´䶯˶
㣿ʣ̩
̩£Ҳôֱӣȫ˶ء
ָҪ̩֡װŰȻ֣
ָӡ֣üȻԣи
ʲô̩¸оҪ٣3212һûʵҪϹ
Ӯˣ41ӮˣӮˡ
۹У˷ԣӮˣԴ
̩еһ޲תס۹УӳǸ˵졣
һսͻֱ
3212ǵЩ̩꣬¸Ѫۣŵó
ȻٴοڣٸĸģӮˣˡӮ±Ӱɡ


68 
һ, ۹У˴ЦȻ֪ΪʲôһĦ˹ܱô˵
۹У죺ǴӦ, ҪôӮ
̩£ģûӦ
ü̩£ǾУ˴Ӧˣ𲻴Ӧ
̩Ȼ, Ϊ۹УܱóƱҪ, ˲, ȻŵȾͱȣ
мλ, УվΧۿ
̩µĻȻµһ̨һܻҳɫA, 3212ϵƶͬˡ
ųAаһ, Ѫڵڶ, ռ׵ıˡֱֳһ֮ǰĲ, ųҲͬSʦĻףѪβͬ, ΪA׵ģʺϳA
ܻԶ, ȶ, ұ̧, ׼̩Լϥǡ
̩²ٿػײ˿Ȳȴ㿪ӵ
ײ΢΢üڵ۹У, ١
ܻ׷ֱӵ, 㿪һϵж, Ȼֻüܻ֮䷢ֵĹâ̩½һ
ڻײͳһĶ˶ˡ
̩°γ׼ϰȥٿػǰƣࡣ
𵶵סĽһֵֻססɨȣƫƫͷһ
̩±̲ȣţƶһֻŷ߹ȥ
յϥأͬʱϰ͵汣ƽУһֻţŻȣŸղ̩¿ʼֻţԽԼˤڵ档
̩±ˤ˲䣬ֳŵأһתͷҲѾվǹڶӵ
ѣ̩ٴζ㿪ʼȻѾԵĲͬ
̩һֱľ룬ս3212ô꣬ûлףǿȫǽˡ
ųڿڣʼǱ߹ͼܼڵʹܿ
ֻóֹڴĦ˹УģôΣǰģиų´ʦĽ̵̩㹥ʵڲ
̩ڵû䣬ƫƫԽԽ
סԼͷܵĳ嶯ֱĽս
̫ˡ
ϼʻA׵˫S̩¶û¹ƫƫôġ򡯣Ѿγӱܵ䡣
ۿڵЧ̩¸ɴڿڣҧӭ
ֱ۱һǳۣƫͷȥ̩µȭͷѾƹ
ֵ̧סϥǳȥ̩ƲĹ²ֹǡ
סȲ˳Ť˦̩µĽţͬʱȭٳ沿ȥ
̩Ѹ̧С⿹סȭͷ粽ǰ巢ͬʱֳǰ·ͼ
ڵ˶ǲٿػԱƣ̧̩Ŀڴ
̩˫ֳסȣһͬʱһ֧ȣʹʧȥƽ⡣
һʧȥƽ⵹ʱǰ˫ס̩£һҲŵ¡
˾ôڵϴ
ΧˣеĵսЩ̫һ
һͷåܵζ
ϸ룬ƺҲûʲôԡ
˵ĻаϷֱռݵһڶֶǳA׵ʵӲ˶٣ôⲫҲ֮У
һȭһţ·ͷҲˡ
һȭֱϣһࡣ̩ԽԽ𾢣ԼǿˣˣҲû
ˡ
̩ͻȻһδüһԼ׷⵽ػǹڽŰһȦ˲佫˳
̩Լʧȥ
ԭ֣Ϊ˲
׷Χһܵܵķ׵Ҳʶסտʼ̩»ǵãһȭһȭԻ󣬺ֻ˵ͷҪôһѩǰܡ
ǳûֱķ
ķһѳ̩»׵ԴʩʩȻˡ
׳ûˣ̩Զ֡
̩ޱӻײڳ֮ǰһĻף˳ָ޳ܣ
ײֲٿػҲһָ˶ô̩꣬µë̫ˣŴžƮԡʱ򲻸Խֱ˷ѡ
̩±ʦϷʱԼУͶȥĿ⣬Բռ˵Ļᣬһߣ۹Уӿ϶Ҫ١
ֻ˵һʱˬºҲȲǡ
۹УУܱ֣ظһ顭
ڲվȻ˶ܿ
УǱ߿㲥ɫ̫ÿ
ƽͨԺܱѶܱ۹Уܱˡ
ǰУܱɵģʱ뿪ʱΪ˱ⱻסʱʹĦ˹ˣʱڳƱҪ£Ϊ˼ܱƽͨԺϡ
ǰ뿪Զõѡ
ڸӽǰվڴȻ۹УܱҲڴĦ˹Ǹܱ
ҺߵĿ졣˸̾
վ̩±Աȥ
۹Уڻ׼ʰ뿪
ûӻڳ⵶·ϣǰ˵ˣӮˣǡˡ
۹УӵһվҪ̫ǵ۹
ֱһնĻףƲ䣺ǵ۹
һ仰ɹŭڳе۹УӳԱǷ׷׽ս״̬
Ҳԣޱһ·ɱУڲĦ˹УӳԱͬһʱ֡
վҡ
һСʱ󣬵۹УӳԱߣսûټ׷
۹У121׵֣34ָӳ֣26ʦ֡
ԴϻʲôϵģˡУӵĻʦǡ
ֱڣ
Ħ˹У˻ȳ֮ݲ
ĴУܱĦ˹ܱˣôǿܱˡ
ҸоڶҪһˣ֪ûпܷ
Ϊ۹УƽͨԺûֱյ㣬һȥҸ߽ޣһʱڴĦ˹УܱϣУ֮ľ벢Զпϡ
쾭飬ڿյ㸽ϣУ֮ᱬս
۹ܱҲ֡ӦǾͷԶĹ
˾ͽζĪĦ˹Уһܱ⣺˵Ħ˹УУܱе㱾£֮ǰ˵ǳ´ȵѧӮҲǲܡ
ӦǾûлشĻתĿǰٶȣǺƽͨԺյ㸽ϣ⼸У죬ǽһСʱ֮ڸϵ
һСʱ֮ھʤ
ӦǾָڵͼĳ˵㣺ʣµУ޹ȥȥһޡ
Ƴȥһۣʶüͷ˫S߽ޣҪ͸ƽͨԺ
ԭ⼸ͷ߽ǵĿ꣬һֻͷ߽ޡ
ӦǾڵ˵ǲͷ߽ޣսʱһпУһ
Уյ㸽ڴɻ
׳⣬ͬ˷ˮֻϽпһ˲䷢
ͷ˫SޣӲƽͨԺʱ䡣Ҫռݶޡ
ͼЩطʾȺ͸߽ޣûм¼ڵͼϡָȣӦǾĸ֪Ǵ֪жͷޡ
ָʱ¡
мҪ֤һΡӦǾԼ֣ȷŶԷ⣬ۿĦ˹Ǹܱǲһ
ֱֳ
ӦǾҪ֤ʲôԱߵӦݡ
ָӦݲͷڵĵ۹Ա֤ʲôʹĦ˹УǸܱйء
֮ǰӦǾҪУתȥҴĦ˹УӣӦ֮⣬֪ΪʲôҪǸܱϻʱ䡣
ʦѧУλܱѵʲôر֮Ц·
ڻر𣿡ʡ
ڳֱ˵ĹڣȷʵѾرУУҲֻһƤǽˡ
¿ֱͷͬӦǾƻһУһΪͻ
Ӧݲ

Уӿʼӻϣżй𣬽Անɱޡ۹УʣǰԱָӵżͷ߽ȥƽͨԺ;˻أײյԶ֡
ԶԶУӣɴŻ׹۹УӵܱǲǱŪˣ
šӦһ⼸ɢͱУ²ߡ
˻ף
Ƴһۣڶȥյ㣿
ԣ˵Ҫ·̣ϻʱˡ
Ħ˹У˻ϣյȥ
ڴͬʱƽͨԺ͵۹Уǰնɱ߽ޣУ԰յͼ·ߣʼյ
ֻ˫SޣУٶȺܿ죬ƽͨԺԽ˶Ըͷ߽ޣֻһȼͬȼޱ˹Ϊǿ
Խ˼ʻһѷǹնɱٶȷ׵п졣
ͬһʱ
۹Уնɱͷ˫SޡƽͨԺնɱͷ˫Sޡ
ʱ㣬ǻڶ̧֣ͷһ۵
Ǹ·ջĿ⣬ս׼


69 
۹ѡյԶһͷ, ƽͨԺϱ۹УȥͷޣУִյʱˡ
һУҪ, ʱҲƣ֮УУۼһ
ƱҪС
ӦǾҪĽ
۹նɱ, ȫԱ, ģʽ, ֱӳյȥ
ڴ, ģʽΪߺģʽУԿģʽ, ҪԴһ֧ŲǴɵյ㡣Уֻйؼʱ, ǰ, Ϊû㹻Դ
Ҳֻ۹УԴ󻧸ǰھá
۹Уյ㸽ͣ, ָսģʽȫԱڻС
յ㸽и߽, Ҫ죬ȳȥޡ
һյȥ, , ɳȻ͹, ɫ˿
Ų΢٣˿δĿİɫ˿ҳɳĮϱһĶ, ĻɳڻĻ֮ϡ
ɳ͹ԽԽ, ֱһֻɫ֩ɳ, ֫ĩһȦɫж١
3S߽ޣŶ롣
γĻֻһѽΪɱ
ɱУս־ɱ˻޽ˡ
ңֻ׵κξУãӵѡУȫԸûһ˵ʵ
˶Իֻһ̶ӡ󣺳Ĭǿ
һɱ̤֩ȥٶȿȣ˿Ŵ׽£ܷĽֻ棬ʵδӴɳ
ͻף˵жٶϽᡢͻ˿̵ٶȲûκѷɫ
ͻкܴĲͬΪʦЩѧĻ׶˽⣬ȥ˴ͳͻ׵Ļװٶȵõͬʱǿֱ۵
˶ͻףǵĽսСϰ첹һ䡣
ͻȻЦһȫǣ˴Ħ˹УӻиʻͻףùĻˡ
ϰһ㶣Ŀڣ϶Ǽʻͻףý
ô˵Ħ˹У಻١
յ㸽ٿػ׶֩˿ͬʱƽ룬˫ϥ΢䣬ֳ֫ȥ
֫·Ȧ
֨
ŶһУԲɿ֧أһֻ֫
΢΢ۣٿػԾȻϣڶɱֱָŶ֫
ա
Ŷ֫һأڻɳϷ΢
߽Խթ֫Ҳûз񹥻ͬʱſͼҧͷ
ûжɺŶҧŴĿɢζ
Ȼסɱ΢ӳɱϴ̴ŶĿ
߽Σգҧס󳷣Ѹ롣
ŶͻȻ룬ûиıʽٳ䱼ȥ븹İɫ˿ԴԴϻ׷Ļ
ҪܿٶƱ
ӷİԺɳ
ӦǾͻȻڻԺС
ɳǵ⣬ɳĮеɳһţҺ廯
һݽȥʧЧǵصϸɳͬҺڲʹʧȥӶɳɡ
ŲŻ׷źŶܡ
ԶŶﲻϵͣɳǰ񶾵Ĺâ
֫ԿһҪˡ
Ŷľ񹥻ǿԻȴ˿Ӱ졣
ӦǾڣ3S޵ľ񹥻Ҳô
һһɳ֣Ŷ벢ɳӰ죬һֱͼûڹʱɳС
ɱնȥŶԲ㡣
߽׹ﲻƿصģŶѸתӴܣɳӹһ١
ȻӵڶΡ
ɱɳϣԾ𣬽ָŶ븹
ɱնϣԼŶͷѾɳȴסá
˫ٿػ׻䣬ɱһ£һθǱơ
ŶδնϵĲҲϵط̶ļ
֨֨
дźŶƴľ񹥻һᣬΪɹ˷ǰ
һ룬ֱնϺŶĸһΪ
Ŷͷ˼£Ҳˡ
ջɱԼԱȥ󿿽ɳҪŶͷ
߽ԽܶһĲϲԽࡣ
һŶͷԭѾȥĶͻȻŴĿҧ
̫ν
һŶŴϲϱµء
ֱֳ
·ͻȻڳڻЩûܷӦ
ӦǾĸ֪ϰʾȥͷӦǾ΢̧֣ͺŶа˰ס
Щ֪̾ͣƺȫ
УָӣĿǰ޷ø֪
۹У˾ͽûнѵ˶ʵսϰҲУԱûеľ顣
ֱֳԱۣǱյ㸽˵ڶ֧У顣
ƽͨԺ
֧У棬ƽͨԺԽ˴ӻһѶ.ǹغ΢΢֣.ǹΪһѳӧǹ
˵Խƽʱٿػֻһֻ֣һֻֻǹҲһѷǹ
ȼԽǸߣԽΪ.ʱٶ첻ߵȼס
ˡӦǾƽͨԺָ·ʱס
Ԥ⣬ͺŶս;ƽͨԺӦõִ
·ʱԼƬ۾Ҳѽ̸һ㣺;ʱ䡣
ӦǾĿ΢;ûκޣƽͨԺ˷εʱ۹Уϣֻܵжһϡ
ÿһҪǩоУڱж¸ĻһҪڱãЩȫҪָͳ
շ˹˹У涼ƣΪıģսϸָӡʦǻ׵ڴжܵһơ
Ҫл۹Уæޡ·ʱ׿
ôģö֪ȫ΢Цı档
ֱֳ
Ҫˣһ˷ܣ̫ˣҪ峡֮ܿһڶǰæŻ۸Դ
ʱУˡӦݿֱͷ֧Уٶȸ졣
ɿȥȻ֧УѾӽյ㸽
ȳڰ֧УǰĲУ飬ǵ۹УӣֻֻʣСˡ
˭Ҳδ뵽۹УӳȻУУ֮
ôţƽͨԺָ·ʱĪȻˣȻһʧȥ˸Եܱ˼ҵ۹У룬ûء
ڶֵĶѶУĶǴĦ˹У߼ͬʱ֡
ҲӺյ㸽
һʱ佩ס
Уվڲͬû˳һᣬѶУȶӴУƽͨԺǱȥվƽͨԺԱߡ

ɳĮҪƽͨԺ
УʹĦ˹УȻûж
ȻˣȽУ·ʱָʹĦ˹У򣬶ӦǾ
û˳
ֻͻȻ̧ӣԱ߻ɽҾ͵ҡ


70 
оУû˳, нʱһ䲻Ļȫ˶һ
ˣ˭tm͵㣿
վڵڶţĬĬջؽ, 㿪ΧĿ⡣
ò˵ӵнһзΧٵһɶı¡
ĸ򣿡ɽ
֪Ҳֱӵ
롮Ⱥġ˭֮ǰӢˣס, ͵㡣
Ħ˹УԱƴڻ, ԱԱɫеŤ
Է˼, ƽͨԺѶһ, ۹УΪϴ˵Ŀ, û˸ȳͷʹĦ˹УҲվӣֻҪƽͨԺѶվ۹У, Ǳлɳá
Ҳ˵ϿʹĦ˹Уһ, ڵΪһѾ
ָӸŽ, ʾ⣬ܺԼĳԱ
泯ǱŤͷ͵ĸо
ࡣҲֻģģһĸܡ
ü, һʱ䲻֪Ħ˹Уǲǹġ
УΪղͻȻһ仰Ħ˹߿, ע˵, ӦǾʼû¶κ顣
κξУ, ֻҪλȵ
ǸλǰѾԤѧЦһղ·ָ˵ˣȽʹĦ˹
Ǹ߼ҳ, ȴԡ
߼һֱк֧ܶ, ǻ, ȫӵ۶ǳƽͨԺĻӰһ𳤴ֵܡ
ʹĦ˹ԶԸƽͨԺѶӦǾ۹Уһ
ֱӽĦ˹УˮʾƽͨԺѶ֣һʧȥһλ
·ʱ׻ڵӦǾظûп
Ϊ˽ӦǾֻǴŵ棬κ̧ۣ۹κҪЮָӡ
ָɫԼͬһ䡣
ֻͻȻףָս״̬ת󷽱ȥ
һƬɳĮ
˻δӦΪʲôĦ˹УУܱͻȻô˼Ķ
ֻӦǾסָ⣬ԤϵҪʲô
ֱӸԱս׼
⵶ѳֱӳһɳĮȥͬʱӵ뷢Ƭ
֣УӳԱԼУԱս״̬
˻
һ˫ͷߴɳĮðƷֺ֮ǰĦ˹նɱ˫ͷһֻ˫ͷ߸Ϊͣߡ
ֱֳλԱҲס
һ˫ͷߣü֮ͣǰĦ˹ϵӦֻޡ
һ컯˫ͷߣӦǴġӦۿžͷߣȻˣһ߲Ŷԡ
컯3Sսͬǿ൱ڳ3SսͶҪκߡЩͬĦ˹Уòײնɱͷ3S߽ޣ⡣
컯ޣ࣬Ϊǳ𡣴ߴᵽĦ˹Աɽϵζ
ΪʲôֻߣϰšüһУܱԱ֣
ڷ֮ǰ˵͵˼ѾĴߣֻǲʲô
ֱֳһ˲Ĭ
ϰĻǣΪʲôǰ֪ûи֪Խޣ
УʦȥҪϿʲô
˿ȻһƬãȻ𾪣װڵӣʮֵ
ֻȥֱڵ״
εͬʱǹʱУķӦͬ
Ħ˹У߸ԭػУӡѶУס۹Уֱյ㱼ȥƽͨԺͼϵ۹У
Ȼ۹ָӦǾڰգĦ˹֣ǸͻȻڳһ˫ͷߣֱֳԱӦʵߡ
ӦǾ΢΢ƫͷԭԲ̼˫ͷͻȻһ٣ֱƽͨԺָӺͻʦȥ
Ȼл׻ţ컯޵ƽͨԺλ׵ðգֻܷȥ˫ͷ߲
֧У鶼뽩ֲ״̬ʱ۹УӴʣµУֱӳյȥ
һСǲǶӦǾƿУеס
ӻ߽һ̿ʼѾ֪۹У
һ£ӦǾܿ컯޾
ӦѵϴЦӦǾͻˣԿ컯ݹʷҲûмָ
ܿӦݿֱͷڴĦ˹УǸܱЦֵ
3Sô
Ħ˹У굨δ̫ˣҽĵڸܱλϡ
ϡĦ˹УȫԱ3Sһ3SԺƽͨԺʵƽ⣬֮ϴĦ˹УǶ֡
ִյĵ۹飬ȥ죬ӦǾվԱߣĿԶǱߴս
Ȼǡ3S


71 
۹УȰε, 뿪ʦڳڴţֻһʦɫʮָӡ
ûиڳڴýɷû, ʦֵסǵľͷݲܲɷãѧҪϢ
˵գʦǴԱߡ
ȥӦǾԱҲһֻ״̬, һз̫ͻȻ
ʦԱ̽ңóһڻ, ſӦǾ, ʳ˿еʣĦ˹УǸܱô£
ӦǾһʼ²3s̽һΡ
̽ȴԼһֹܲ3S
ڵ۶ʱĦ˹У쳣, ҺһУܱϵ, ӦǾɡ
ʱָӶ, óȻԶͷŸ֪, ᱻָӲӦǾ̽3s׵, ǾѵսԸָӿ򣬷˽ӴͷŸ֪һ, ܵ
ֻδϵὫôҲӦǾĲ²⡣
ӦǾ֪ȱУָǿ, һʼɳĮ㲻֪, Բ̽ΧڴĦ˹նɱͷ̬˫ͷʱ, Ѿ֪˫ͷߡ
Ħ˹Уһյ㸽Ʊػܵ˫ͷߵĹ
ֱͷõ²׽Щϸ΢ֻطŲܿڳƿأٱƵ֡ӦǾΪۼķӦ֤֪ǷȼΪ3s
Ψһм³ϣɳĮ˫ͷ߽Ϊ컯ޣ̬˫ͷ߲ԣ˫ͷߵȼ3S
ӴĦ˹Уִյ㸽˫ͷ߱Ѿӽ̽ڳ˽δֻ֣һ
˼⣬ӦǾϥϵָⲻɶ˶벻ͨʱķӦ
Ȼ֪۴˫ͷһξ룬ӦҲ֪Ȼ𹥻ԱҲˡ
Ħ˹УƣΪʲô׾ٱ¶Լĸ֪ȣ
û뵽Ħ˹У˼ôࡣʦһ󣬳ӦǾͷǵͼڱ¶ˣǾĲ
ӦǾ˼Լʲô©ĵط
ڣУѧ׷ս״̬
ѶУսĦ˹ƽͨԺں˫ͷ߲
һʼ˫ͷߺ󣬻ɽڵһʱ˹ƽͨԺǱԽ˺СƾһԸ˫ͷߡ
ƽͨԺĻӰ˳յȥǰס
ȻĿǵڶλĻ˭ҲԸ
ֻ˫SӰ3s߲Զ׼
ǱܱѶնֻ֣дĦ˹ĿǰΨһУһУܱѡȥѧסƽͨԺĻӰ
ָڻŻ׵Ը컯˫ͷߣʦĻ׶Ƿͣ棬ֻܸԹûԱѳȻƽͨԺʹĦ˹У֮

Ӱ͵۹УĻһʻͻףõǵ
Ȫ
μӹշ˹˹Ϲ3S׵ûУһֱֻԸʻA׵ˣԷsõҲֻAס
һۼ֤s֮սڻҪȥ
ʻѪڲԶͼӵ߳׼ڻӰԣȫáԷ׾ٱ㿪ӵã㲻ĵ
ӰֻҪһնûӵǵɷѣЩӵȫڰը
3s˲
ԼӵȫըˣҪǶÿ죬ñըӵƬˣòϣ3s˲
ʱӲãһƽͨԺУ˵ÿգȥյӣڶλûˡ
ֿ֣ͬӰסͨյ·
ӰͻͬĬԣÿһжʧ̶֣һӣѾһڡԼɫȣӰĵûܵס·
֣ӰȻյǰһס
һεȥ·ǰӰٿػնͣסȪԼǰͻȻˡ
ûпĶֻʶҲΣգѸתȻұۻǱۣһ롣һ򱻻Ӱ߷ɣݺڻɳ֮ϡ
ױƣΪӰһƿֿʼǰߡ
ѸٲٿػףϮȥ
Ӱ˲תȪʱѾ׼㿪ӰĿ⣬˵ĲӬͣ³֣
Ħ˹ܱʲô谭˶ó֡
ͷ״ҪյȥӰԼĻȪȥֱĺ󱳡
޷ֻܶ㿪
ԭػδӦֻеһת
ԭǻӰԼǰѻȪʱٿתһŽ
Ѫã̲ٿѪʱӰ
յԽԽˡ
Ťͷ󷽿һۣЩӷ·ֿɼ
ѧһҪסӰڻײڵ
ٿѪԻ׼ٶȱӰγ⵶Ӱͷ
ӰȪֵ
ԤĵҪһA⵶һֵ3SϵĽ֪
ӵһ룬ƣѹӰؿڴȥ
3sA̴ܴģӰĮ룬Ħ˹ˡ
ȻһӰһ˿ͷԼؿڿȥһ㶣ĵмѿһ룬ͻȻðһͷת

ãĹ졣
Ӱѵץסᣬ˵ľ룬ĻȪ޷ӡ
˵ˡӰ
ϥҪ
ͬϥǣƺҪӲӲ
ڡ
ӰоԼϥǱʲô
ײЦˣϥװѸ̼СĹ⵶ҲŶԸܱ˭֪Уܱôûãһֱûó
˵̼С̲3sף3sԼײֲһˡӰõ̫߹ϥǵ̼СֱӲ˽ȥ
ⲻ꣬һȥ̼֮صлը
ӰüԸٺ˾룬ῳȥ
Ťһ㣬⵶Ӱ뷴ֱӷһţѪؿϡ
ѪѾӽնϵ״̬ټһţӰȷױϡ
ӰԼطɳȥڼ䲻գ۵ĹյǱ߲鿴ΣֻӲͷƤסӰֻĦ˹Уܿճ졣
ɨһ˵ĴĦ˹ܱʣһ˫sӰ΢˫ĿһۣսȪ
ǡ
Ӱʧյ̨ͫһʶҪɱյ㣬ϥǴͻȻը
ϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㣬񡣡
㲥һֱֳĴУ˽סˡ
Խ㲥Ŀһֱӷն˫ͷһͷתյ㡣
˿̴Ħ˹Ҳɹ˴˫ͷߡ
ֱڣ˵Ŀⶼյ̨վŵǸˡ
ϡѵؿڴȫѪһŴĦ˹졣
ڶλǴĦ˹ġԲԶĻӰϰ߲Ѫ˿ڸǲЦݡ


72 
ƽͨԺԽ˸ϵ, Ա߻Ӱɫѿյ̨ϵϵͳĻѾϡ
մ, һױϣ̳֡
Ȼ֣µӱ㲻㡣
üĿԵüΪҫۣﴽô֪һױˣ
ԽϿϳ, ڻɳеѪΣԴƻš
ӰԴ, ͫһ, ԣڱ߷ɵһ˲䣬Ѫξֱ泯µ, ûпԴϨ

Խ̧ʾؿ, ʻ׷յ̨, ƽͨԺ, ɳĮλ
ϲƽͨԺɹִյ㣬񡣡
й涨, һ죬ľУԱͣ£ں޶սնɱޱ㲻ܼɹ, ޷һԴ
ܺáԽ˴ӻڳų.ǹ, 
ƲסȳһѪ, е֧Ųס, ֱӿյ̨ˣͷҲҺܺãллλֵܿ佱
Խ˲ˣƤӣƽͨԺϷ
ֱֳ
ղûע⵽ôȥģϰɡ
ûУҸոڿԽǱߡɶžͷڿʼĴĦ˹У飬Ӱȷʵ䣬ղžܿԴǿ飬ٿһӡ
һϸ϶ѪζûвѾûκսһ֮Զϡ
׵ʱϻϣ˭뵽ӻײӳյ̨
׵ԽͻϣԽûԼһڻ𣬱նϣ֪ɴԼͬһնϡ֮Ӱһؿڣߵĵطǻײλá
ܵش
£Ӱˤյ̨ʮڣֱ̫
˭ϵȻܹһ֮ڴӻײȥյ̨졣
ò˵ĿǰΪֹУӡĲԱĪ
֮ǰе㻳ɣڿȷʵǴĦ˹Уһơϰ.Ħ˹УǱ߿ȥ
ȻΪʲôҪ¶ô磬ԱδжྪȣʦҲһյӣĦ˹УӦù滮ˡ
ߣȥǡʦһڴߣ˭뵽ⳡĦ˹Уõڶأ

дЦϻ侲衣
һҪȥ׼飬ͷʲôһֱѧУôţ
Ķ밴Ħ˹УƽͨԺǰ棬һѾȲ֣
֧ӪҺӦɺӷһֻ֣ɽҲˣڽ棬ղ鼱֮£ø֪ߣ֪ùȣɫҲÿȥվһ
˵ڶλĦ˹Уȴ񶼲̫ã˵ˣ֪ùȵùȣΨʦ΢һ㡣
ýһѷ伷ҪɷõڶλĴĦ˹У
ʲôܣ
ǴĦ˹УŵΪʲô͵£

ýļл͵ƹۣԭ񲻺õӷ꣬Ƴý壬ӹýĻͲȥϴ˯ԶΪʲô͵¡
Ǹ֮ǰ̴Ħ˹Умߣ΢΢һЦɼʲô£
˵ʱƽͨԺӳڴת뿪ͬκýɷá

ɳĮһ˴Ħ˹УģУûһеá
ֱĦ˹Уý壬ڶ췢ǶֱݲѾƽ۹Уֱġ
ֱطŸǴﵽһ˼֡
һȥεĻѹֱݡ
ڵ۹УʹĦ˹УͷӦǾһ𣿡
Ҳ֣ӦǾǿָӣȻΪʲôԱôУҲһȫǴӸڳġ
ѵֻҶȤҴûôɧܱͻȻеˣأҲԾ
ͷɧβλƽͨԺԿʵţơ
ֱֳ֪˵ǴĦ˹УصƣǴĦ˹УҲȫԱ3s
һѶû˻ᣬǰֻУ֮С
һҪָô
֪ܹھѺĦ˹УˣôɧѾѶƽͨԺԿˣоһĿǵ۹У
Ѻ˵۹ʱ򲻻ɣ
ܣӦǾڣ۹Уܹھ

ɳĳҽԺ
ûע˭Ǳܹھڳ
ܹھעֻڴʼǰУڶÿηǰע
ȻѺˣǴĦ˹У
ҲѺѧУǽֱ۵
ޱŤͷǲΧλãֱӸ˵˳
û㣡
Сȣү˵
Ѻ˴Ħ˹һǽĻɽðһ䡣
ߵӦɺǿӹֱƿĿ⣺ѺԼѧУѺ˭
˿Ѻ˱˵ѧУƳұߵĽ档
棺УѺˣзɢա
УѺࣿ
֧֧ᣬ̧ͷҽԺ컨壺ۡУ

Ӧɺӣ
ϽĿ̳һĴָתһٰʮȳ£Ǳү˵ѺעͼĲǮһ˼ֱ
ɽ۹ӮˣǮǵǳԷ
תشĴָܷһôȷġ
̸ĿڣָӾǲһǵıȫ
ӦɺͬͷԣȻΪʲôָӡ
棺ղŵĹأ
Ŵ򿪣Űɫӵҽʾ
ߵſڣŤͷȿȥĸ˶վǱ
̫ãֻ²֪ҽοҿСˡ
ҽңȷĸ˶ŵֻܣȥһҳԷ
ҽⶼһ
վɫԲȦڣ۾Ǳִˮƽ̨·ͷųԼеĸ֪ٿػʱһҽϸһ顣
̨Ը֪͵3212ǿʮֲһΨһͬĴɫԼʱҪͷ
ĳɫʼԶ͵ȼһ·ڸߣҽĿ£ɹԽS
Ȼ󡭡ͣסˡ
ҽƽʱͷŸ֪ļޣ
룬ͷ
ҽһ˿ɻվȥ²һ飬S
԰ѧУ˵3S
ҽţԼȥͬ
վȥԡ
ͻɽÿվȥɫ㶼ߴ3S
û⣬ȷԼȫ֪ҽܲЩȥ
Լվȥһ飺С
ҽüȥӣȫ죬е֡
ֻܺһվµš
ǱյϢ˹
ȫ죿ҽҪѵ
ҽͷõģ¼ᵢѵ


73 
ҽ˵Ҫһ, Ǽ򵥵ĲԸ֪ȥѵ
ҽ˵£ͽһɨctĵطҽԱ, վ濴
һ, ⡣ҽǰһ͸, ˼, 㱻˽ȥֻܿüɫȵĽʦ˵3s, ڼⲻ, ֻ⡣
ŽȻһԲո۾ϡ
, ֻǲɿСҽڵ, AǡʱӦòǺͽһɣ
գգ۾, һ
豸, ̨߿̶ʲôȼҽʡ
Aص
AǾǵһˡҽǰ˾ռߣ̭ĺ, һҲʲô, ǳAĸʲ, õĶǶ̭㹻ֻû뵽ھȻһ̭ǡ
ǿǻҪҽҡͷ, ϵ˼, ʱоԼ̶֫ס
һ׼ҪСʱ, ڼҽվһֱͣNࣇN, ÿһ˯ȥԷħ㴫˹ֻǿ۾
ǲǹڼл˵
ҽűӣվǵҲǣڲ˯
ְĺɫť㱻˳
ָԼָϸߣЩ԰𣿡
ԡҽڵɽͷ˿ˮɤӣȻһδµˮǺסȿȡ
վң״ʽͲòʲô
ҽˮԼȥ
ݻҪԱȣһԣѾҽ죬һۣӪ

ʲôгӪΪʲôһУѧϣڵӪҺˣͨ˲ԷֻӪҺҲܲԪء
峤ڵò㹻ӪЩݡҽݵ͸̸ֳһͼɫģɫ˵ġ䣬Ӫٷֱȡ
ɫߴһʼ͵ڳˣ߰ȥһ㣬ʮʮֵ֮һ͵˼ĵزɵڳˡ
ſơĿġߣŤͷЩôģȥʲôˣ
ˣҲȥǣչãϵ˾ͺͨһٻԵñ
ġνǮѧ
ָǶμûӪʱ䣺һ꣬˻ǣ
ҽȷϣҽԺӪ䣬Ӫ
Ǹʱοȥ磬ĳ˾ϵӪҺ
ڻе㱡
ûѧ
üû⣿
ҽ֪ǶԼʣĵ⣬ܻù
˵ôصӪĸӦܲҽƽʱʲô
ڵش
ûиĸƽʱӪҺ
ǰ䣬סǲ֪¡
Уѧƺܼ򵥣ύѧϢԼѧϢѧԼģעҪѧԱ𡢳ԼѧԺṩĸ֪֤ǵύһз⵵Ҫݼ
յҾôһЩҴĦ˹Уѧ֪ѧļͥϢ
ѧڵŹʱʹԱʦλʦͥϵʱעڷڵĵϣûйעһAѧı
㵽ڣҲûٵıĦ˹УŷʵᾡܱⱳšʶֻѧϢȷ3212ṩĸ֪֤AһŰҽԺ¼⡣
ǹ¶Ȼ
ͷ
Աߵҽ룬òԣӪҺݲ͵ز
šӪҺֻǷ֡ǰԼһνڹţ˵㵹ٵӪҺûж΢Ԫء
Ӧ죺꣬ͨѡ˾ӪҺѾ٣ӪҺ⣬ӪҺ
ŶһǵҼˡ

ô׾˵ֻһʱ˽ԳĬ
񷨣ǿ¶ĻṩʳסСһ
룬û3212ߣǸʱûС
3212ûߡеͼṩס޵ߡ
ͷ򿪹Բ˲飬3212Ǵڼ䣬ڶ෽ܵش߾Ա䶯
㶼ѧѾ֪Լʲô
⿴棬ֻ֪ǸŵĴͷͬϵ죬ǮԼƻףУȻǳԱ
˭ϵô
ȴȥĿҽϵ
ȥɡó·
ûʲôˣǰûʲôرĸܡ
ӪҺ¼ֵúܴ󣿡棬ղֻ˵һ䣬̷Ӧ귢¡
ҽһɫңŵͨѡ¼ͨѡ˾ƿȫӪҺϵרãµͨͨá֮ԱǳǵӴרõӪҺﶯֽţ˿΢Ԫء
Աˣ
ҽݸһȭף沼ߣԱߵǣܶ˲Եɡʦڵ۶ҽԺ֪
֪ʲôȭף˫ա
ͨѡ˾ôֽΣڲԱûӦҳ˸ţ⣬ʱҪԴӦרŶӪҺһ֧ӪҺ۰ܲˣֻá˼ҳ˺ü꣬£ò㹻Ԫأˡҽһ˵һҡͷʦҽԭ鵽ӪҺ⡣
ԲǣӪҺ⡣ˡ
ԣڱͨѡ˾֣ʵѾϴƣӦˡҽепĿǰλӦȻֶ֪ͣһȻҲλãѡʱӻûءμӴӦ֪ӡ
֪ӦǾ
ҽʾԶһ㣺ŹĻϵĶһ𶯣Ҫܼ¡
ŹĻָָǽֱҹȥ
ҡҽͷӻĹ壬ǽǸǿᡭ
顪
һȭҹȥ֣ǽһӡ
ҽ̧ͷղŵĻơ
ԭأƬ̵ٴһȭ͸ղŵȡ
ٴһȭµֻһǳۡ
ҽӿڴóһߣȽȭŤͷҪ͸ղһȡ
Ǻ͸ղһȡȷ
ҽָۼÿ𣿡
ȷղͬȡźۼҲ֡
ңϡ
ǽϵĺۼǳǳ
ҽˡ


74 
ѵ, ܼѵ ֲԼ顣
ҽһ죬ӿʼľ쵽ƽ޲ϴлܡ
ܳ, ǿȻȥҽ, ִӰ״ӿڴһѶݸ, ⼸Ⱥš
ӹ, ԹڰɫҺ壬ҡ£ʲôζģ
ûζӪ, ʺϷеĻ׵, 㻹ûʮˣ廹ȵûҽͣ, Ӧòº֢
ʲôӦãе㲻㲻ɳҽ˵ô׼ȷ
ҽ̯֣˵3s, δ3s, һ¾ܲ, ǡе鷳ˡ
Աü3sޣԲ3s¡
ҽ̾ΪʲôĿⲻܿԶһ㣿3s, пǳ3sء
ʱ񶼱ù졣
3sܸ, ˵3sǳ3s
Ŀǰ߼3s, 3s׵ĸ֪سв죬Ϊʲô׻֮, 3s׵֮ʵҲиߵ֮֡ĿǰΪֹ, Ҳֻе۹УӦǾǱϵĳ3s
㹻, еĴˡ
ҽпܳ3sûעǵ, Ѿͷһ֧ӪͷֱӵУϸζһ£ȷʵûζ
󣺡ôʱ̣Ϊʲôܲطȥ
ķػأ;зΧеΣҪˣӣڵĺܡ
֮ǰ㡭һ.ǽȥưǲȥְ򹤣
תӪһ٣̧ͷǵġ
ڳ»ǲ˵ˣ«һһʱܰѻɽ¶
ΪʱѧֵµǸ
ΥУܵͷûѾ£ץס˵ͣҲΥ涨ȡ
ѧԼѧܲǲ3s㲻ѹ
ͷԼǲ3sȤܷӴS׸Ȥ
ȻSǲǿSˣ
һصϰȥһɽڳıû꣬ĽƷ
һȥԱһ
ôӦɺ
£˳ϵƻ
ƻ˵˵ʲô²֪ô鷳
˵һ顣
վڶĽѸȡһϵйؼʣӪ¶ӪҺ㱳ĸأ
ʲôˣ
֮ǰɳʦ
üǺ˵3212ѧԺԤϵʦ㣬뿪ʱ˵Щеûʲô˼
 
ж󣬶ʱȻһأԭҵԼġ
ָӶһëеƻӻ֮ǰ֪һǳġ
ԣ3212ǣ۹УܱҲǵطġҧһеƻ
˽棬ˢˢ
Ӧɺӣ۹УܱǸ̩£ѹֽ쿴طţ׻úõġ
ֻлɽעһ㣺ʲô֣
ֳýŲȵģƶܲھҪҿһ㣬ֻҪ塭
ҪɽֱӾܾҿԲġ
ԱߵϡǵûɽһоӷȵӣǮ˿⣬Ϊʲôڻá䡯֣
Աߣʣڳǻȥȥ
ȥ̵
һ˵ʲôڻ
ûʲô
ȻԼң˯ǴĦ˹УʦǺҽһҹδߡ
ڶ죬ȥҽԺüⱨ档
ҽǽȥţˡ
ʲô𣿡ʵ
3sҽ㿪ⱨһҳǿ
һۣԼԷеĸ
˵Ȼˣ3sζŴĦ˹У͵۹У⣬֮ࡣ
ҽ·ǰݻܣ״ܸӣֵʾûͨA3sĿǰ޷綨Ψһ֪ĳ3sֻӦǾָӸ֪ǿҪӪɷάֻΪǰӪҺ⣬ӦǾѾܵ𺦣۶ǱһֱзרӪҺͼֲ
ҲҪӪҺʵ
ҽҡͷǻ׵ӦǾֲȫͬм±Ƚ֣˵֪3sûӦǾһרӪҺӦóܲˡʾ꣬Ӫɷֵһ͵㣬֪ѹ˻ȥӶӦ壬Ҳ²ôĸ֪һֱάϵԱ濴ͳ졣ʹֶѪǸ֪ͻȻ𣬽ӦǾƵ״̬޷ɵ¡Ŀǰ̫٣ȫʲô
Ҫʲô
ȵ״㹻Ӫҽ£Ҫ⹫ǳ3s𣿡
Ĭκ󣬵ڶΪ3sصƣǱļ𡣡
ҽʾףǺƻҪһˣԭϵʦһоǰҸ𡣡
ӦǾҪӪҺأҽ
ӦǾӪҺʦһоӪҺĳɷ֣Ҷҽһʱ䣬һȱߣһᾡܵʺӪҺ
鷳ˡϵֽʼⱨһȥ

ȼôߣô죿Ҳû3sĻʦһ3sָӣӦ֧ţҲûá

3sסͷǱ߱棬һߵѧУףɳʱ䣬ѡʺԼĻס
ҵ3sĻ׽ѧУдŴӾ3sףԴȽϸӣЩ3sʦƳãЩǰ֮󣬽׾׳ȴõĺˡ
УҴȥ
һϰҵԱ߻мԱӶһȺϢ
ʦôִϣһ3s
3s
ڳˣ
Ӧɺȳøһ
ͷ3s£ǰȱ˵ȥֻ֪3s
ǳ3sڷӦǲζлῴ۹֮𣿡
üʲô۹֮𣿡
ûʲô廰ʦĻô죿
ʱֻȻѧУ3sףʱӦɺӰġڴȥ
ɽǰ棺ʦҪü죬Һȥ˳֡
⡭ҲСԿIDɽĹϣǶ3s׵Ӧøá
ĶԻɽĴָӦ̫ˣһȥڳ
£ȥУʦƤУĸ䶼˹Ķǡ
ǲǣۿͻɽıӰȻ


75 
ѾشĦ˹У, ȥ˻״ҡֽ̧ĻתӦǾǲˡ
Ħ˹ӵ˫s֮ҵٲμӴӦǾ̧ŹĻϵˣ, ˫sȥУܱ, У˲ϴơ
һǾȻܳ3s׵дżָӡ
ͬ, ЩֻҪץһԴ, ӦǾüûо֪ǡ3sĻ
ʵɳĮԺӦǾδȷκ, ǳ3s׵
Щ, ӿһУ3s׵ĳ, Ʊػ⵽ɱ
ڴ֮󣬳3s׵ʵսѵ, һԱ, Ϣܷųȥ, 
ӦǾۿ棬Ħ˹УǱߡϵˡ

Щ3sףŸֻ׽ָͻ, ˼, Ҹ̫ͻȻ, еܲ
ԡſ͸Ͽʦ˵Ҫ㼸ʱ, ǳʱ򻻻, ȥúڳھô
ٷڳСӲɷ, ְȡˡ
ҵʵĻ, ֮ǴûĻܳȥڳɽĸȫ档
רŵأһһܻԹȥ˶˷ܵʹȥ
˫ֱۣһԸֵֻôڵӺǵײ̫أ
ӵܶƻǰһЩףҲǵһӴף˷ܡǻ˷ܵײգٿػףŻȥʦ
ЩʦԼĻףԾһս̫ˡ
ȥԡ
ϡ
ųһ3sףײڣǱ豸𾪣ʼãϷͷ
һ̣Ĵܻ̽׵Ľṹĸ֪ͨͷӵÿһ䡣һ̣ܻ׷·Լ
㿪ٿ壬ʼƶȴA׺3s̫֮
ڵƽ׵˼ʮڹˣһͻ˳ȥÿһ׾١
ֿƿصУ޹ֺЩ3s׵۸ڶ׺Aȷʵһĸо
ܻ׻һ󣬱˻ײա
ɽü
֪ʲô˼
ӡӿڴóֽǰ·ʲô
Ӷͳһ֧Ӫһ߶űӣһ߰Ӫȸɾҽ˵Ҹ֪ڻָܲˣѪû¡
һһԹȥͻɽҪ죬ÿÿܻ׶ֻһΣͲԡ
ܡԵѡһܺѪһɫĻף涼Ӧʺҵġ
筣ǴĦ˹Уǰѧõġɽǵܻףѧվڴ̨ùھ
ֻͻ׸Ȥʷϵͻ׼ǵòɽĻ󣬵ǵöǰˡ
Ħ˹У̫ûùھˡ
ɽʦܻᱻ
˻ףģȥڳ
Ħ˹УѧڹעǣҪ߳ȥ϶֡ڱ¥˻ӣûʲôѧ
.ǽر÷

Ƿ.ǽĸоǽϣһֻǽڣһֻǽ⣬ܲ
Ͻվǽ⣬ͷɧɧᱻײ
ֳǽɷһ£ǽϱУ׽סʲôо
ɽУ

ڿϱУϳģ˭˵ǵ׽סģⶼҥԣ
֪ǵͷȥ̳ϢǶ˵ǽʱУֵģ㻹У˻ӵѧ˵б۾˵ΪӱܳͷѳԼСѰҹ硣
ҹҵ𣿡ɽ嵶
ȥǵġ
²ס
»صڳһνеǼǡ
Ǽһ̧ͷʶɳǺڳľˣڻ
֮ǰ˵в߿ԶԷھսǵ˵Ĺ
ǼֻܿʼǼǣԹǰھѾȳˣǱսһһСʱҶ°ˣΪʲôҪϵ˼ҴĦ˹Ӷûôæ
ﻹԱ
˳ĬǼꡣ
úǵı쿪ʼսھӦں졣ǼԱƲ죬ϣսɹҲ°ʱ䡣

ڳ㡣
ǽĿǰս
ȸ̧ۿЩ֣ᴵ˴ԼָͿõָͣЩûа֪֮ͼôһ˿ᡣ
˵꣬ȸĿͣһŶӵϣ֣䣺ٷڳǸͷĶ飿
ͬ㿪ԱϸͷȻڡ
ȸ̧͵ϣʯʱѿϸۣûҵܵܵʣǷԼš
ȸĵܵܣǸS˱֣䵽㣬㿪ʼڵŰɱΪ֡
ͷԼ̨񳹵׻ˣָܵһͨ˶硣
ȻҪսʱֱ̨ŪСͬν
ȸЦԼţҾͲˡ

˷.ǽشĦ˹УڶӦɺӶˡ
ɺӻҸĻףʲôʽ档
תÿ죬һô졣
Ƕ⣬ǻʲôԣۿ⼸ˣѲʲôɸ˵ܣ
ѧأɽ⡣
ȥˣѧҪȥʮУӦɺӽ͡
ͦõģүҲȥʮ
˴һͻȻһ£һࣺϣҪҵĶʮ򡣡

ɽҵ򡣡
оɽʱر𷳣ﶼ
Уһ˯ҡޱ飬Ҫȥ
һͬȥ֣һ߳ըֵơ
һֻһ


76 
үŹ, ɣѸִƷһ飬ˢ꿨ŷӦȫԼǮ
ǿң쿴صˡ
֮, ôܽпأѺõ, , ûɽԷ
ɽ
ʱˣԡ
⼸Ƶǽ, Ҫ۸ھԷǻɽĪ, ǰҲһ, ΪǾӣ׻ɽҪһ
һٰ緹󣬽ǼȥҸѶ, ӦɺӴȥס
ѡʲôףӦɺʡ
ڿյϽ׷ų
筡Ӧɺӵͷ, ҿﻹҪġ
˵գǰùܻס
ûȥ, ǳ3SܲܿɵĽѧ
Ӧɺһ, ס
, Խӿ, ܽȥСӦɺӷӦ, ûг3sʦ, ڴʱ, ԺҪԼƳԼĻס
Ҹ, ȥɵĽѧҪȥʶһʦµĻѧ
Ӧɺִ̧򿪹ԣͨȨޣȥ֮, ҪǿԼ, һе̳, ֪ܻ𡣡
Ȩޣ˹ȥ
ԽӿڵĻ֮ǰȥҶ¥һ¥ңߵ¥տյֻмиԸߵƽ̨ͷԽӿ档
һƽ̨ΧȻһɫĹϣȥ
̧ԵȨޣʧվƽ̨յԽӿڡ
õ֣ԽӿԼĸ֪
Ӧɺ˵ģɴཫԼ֪ȫųŴԽӿڡ
һϣҰ̷仯ȷе˵һƬŵɫĺҹС
һ
ͻȻһŤͷȥһ޳òˣϵƬһ
ɡ
ֻƬڵɶʷԵļӳɣûϵʵ˵а
ˣҲɣӺ߹վǰ棬񿴼һģȷҪʦ
ûǰɴ
Ӧǰ¼ģó״̬ܺã۵׻вزסɢɡ
ô˵ɶſվ
Ҳδϵ˲ƣһ㶼
״ʦ
ɵĲתҶֶţǲѧ׵ģë

ˣҿʼ㡣ֺ̧Ӧȼѧѡɡ
һֻѡSSS3S
ԥһᣬֱӵ3S
ʱһ䣬һңûĺҡ
СƨѧϰĵʦһѹߵԱͻȻ֣ڿʼһУűʦѧ
ʱɱȸղżҪһЩʮҵӣϵɢڡ
ȴӻ׽ṹ˵ûĸҪɳѹûиʱش𣬡ĸҪ˵ĸҪĸҪ
УǴʦ˵Ķԡ
Դ桢ֶһܻ׶ԣҪĶߵ̨£ЩͲǧ˿ƵĹϵǺܶϽǴġʲôȼĻףҪʲôȼĲϣޡ
еףֲ̫ףûӴSϣ֮ǰǮĹǳƷҲûüоΪѪˡ
Ӵȫ˹ϳɵĲϣAϣû˵AϵĶ
AϵĶеĻA޶ΪȺȺӣ㣬ϲã˹ƲϡҪA棬סAޣлһSϼӽȥ̫࣬AȼĻ׵ܲˣ֮ƽ⣬ҪԼо
ͻȻںڳǼܻףؽƺǼSϣһS
⻹Ǻɽġ
ҾͽϣУ˵Ūһͷ3sޡƿһš
ǰֻһһֻд̨Ŀշ䣬мһͷѪܵľɳǡ
һͷɳǣֻɳСɶѾȥɳǰ棬ô׵죬һͷ컯ɳǣȻȫ컯ٶ֣ϵƷʻһ㡣ֶ˾Ҫɱ֪˺ˡ
ע⿴ݣӲɳǵȮݣҪ̫ʡ׵Ҫշ磬Ի׵жһѡȡɳǵݣ⴦󣬼С
ֽɳǵĸȮݣȻһתѾȥüˣΪ·վڹڡ
ʾһôɳǳݡɶλõ
һ߶֣һģǰһϢиʦȡϵʱ򣬲ɱޣǻŵʱȡϣΪϵƷʸáȷʵֻ֪࣬ɡϣҽ̳ѧԺ󲻻ֶΡͬޣˣԼ⡣
˫̧ͣڰУϲ̫ˣǸʦаϣδ˳֡
֮û˵Щ£ؽôϻС
ԤУµĽѧƵеһ¶ָӼӳصı飬ԭȴŵɢ
ɸѧϣͻȻǰһʧֻصյĶ¥
СʱӦɺӵͷԼԣոǿ˳
ĿǰĦ˹У̨Խӿѧ׵УȨߵӦɺӡ
Ҳǵˡƽ̨˫һ
ӦɺǰסһϿô
ͦãӲѧ𡣡վԭأѪֿʼѾ޲ֽסԼӡ
ҽ˵Ǹָ֪ס
ϣӦɺһ㶣Ǵӻ׷𣿡
ǴʦǰѾ¼ãúòڵĽѧƵһһʵѧĶһݡ
ǡӦɺӣûѧϣ
ѧˣ˳򲻶ԡӦɺüͷһۻܺǳ3sйء
Ҳǳ3sϿޣ޷λǻʱţƵıʦ˫ޡ
ӦɺҡͷЩʦȼ3s˻Щʦĵȼǵĵȼֲһ
Ը֪ɺ˭ģô᲻һ
Ӧɺӵ
ţ
ɺ͹ӦɺӽͣĿǰõĵǹģǵ۹УԱǾȡ
ͷģи
ΪǶǱʦ˫ޡԲѵҲһĻʦ
ӦɺЦЦʼ֪ǻʦһδɱ˲ŷǸ׵㣬Ŀǰǻ׵
˼ϧˣǮҲһȵʦ


77 
㡣èӰ, Сűͻɽ
үûзǽϴ󣬸о, ʮ
, Ҫȥڳ, ԰Խ˵ҪȥӦɺһԻ, , ֶӦɺ˵ԼҪȥѧص֪ʶ, ˯ȥ
ʲôɳģǽҲһԾ, 
˵ȥѵˡν, ǵԭȾ;һж, ѧУ
΢һ㣬ֻҪӦɺӲȥ, ûл, ԼӦòᷭ
һڳĲ, ɳսٰ졣
ӡһ, ˼ҵǽ, Ǯ
ǽǺɫģ߰ڷŵһ̨ǿǽһ, ¶ԭɫ
ڳɫ׺ܶ, ռȫǮΪ档ɽ֮ǰ˵ڳһЩϢ, Ż., ҵֶ
Ҹܷ, ֻɫȫǸĶȻǮ˻¶Ļƽ
ڴĦ˹УݵĽȻһ硣
ִ˴¶ĻƽǽǿԿٵȥ
˻һĲվһķʱɨ˹Ƥգһ¡
ɸɣϢˡû˼
ˡɽǰߣٲ뿪ǸҪˡ
һŶӵĻ֣ǻֻܴ㣬Ǳ
ϴκǸŶӴֲ꣬˺ܶࣿǵõʱˡ
ˣһ㡣ָϵĽָܻûôùֻʱѵ˼
ֳʱڶ֧սں͹ھӴ
ɽûΪԼ3sȥǱʵϻ׺͸֪һ£սһ£ǻ̫ᣬû̫ľ顣
շ˹˹ҪĿıҪþУǻ㹻ʵս飬սʱŲ̫أľУһڡȥڼǰЩĦ˹ѶǼ⣬ʵʲߣ֮ô油ԱȫڱУЩУȻ˳֢ģԼֻҪ㹻ʵܼμӴЩ˲ӱ˳˳УӴ˵һͨˡ
УʮϵԻѧ顣ʦҪʱ޲ϵ£ָܻĻף֤ܹսָںʵսѧ֪üɣǽϣܹ޾ڻ׵ԼУս췽뿴ġ
ھһ3s׵ɽ̨мǼǳɫ׵
ԱֺݣӦǫֻ̀עڹھӵͻϣϵŨԲƲ硣
սҲ˽˫s㣬ϲĬĹھȻһ˲ս÷Ӧ֪ԱһҪʲô
ͷھӵϣ㿪Ǽ3sϢȸ
ǶϢһŤͷϵݣʲô˿ɾˣ㻻˽Ĺԡ
˽湦ܡ
ģ
ָָԼID˽ˡ
̡ܽ
ȸ̫С̨ϵ˿һ
ΪʲôɽΪŶĬûжദж޷ôͬ
̨ȸ3s׵ֻӲһ롣
»ϵĻף»׶вӦ⡣
š
ֻǾȸԼĹ3s̫һ顣ÿһγͷȲסҲ
һʦĽǶȸʺܻףӦɺֶᷢߣûѧ̫й3s׵ݣ˵Լĸܣ֪еĲ
һ̧ͷǱսȫܣȫ١
ϲڳٴκھλ
ȸӻڳվ̨֮ϣңȺͻɽָͿʺָ̧Ϻݺһ

ƫͷǸŮڶʾүûôȻҶƣ
үʵʵˣǿұʾȸҪԼԸ
ͻɽ֪ȸĵܵܣڳĿģһΪǮһҪҶѹ˽ڳԡ
ȻΪȸֻǶսʾ
һ֧սӣչھӻϢһСʱٽű
ڵȺھı
ȫSϣɢڳˣŸֶ
ڳȷʵûôù3sףҪСġɽ
3sԸ˫sֶԸ֣㹫ƽûʲôоֻںһ£׻ˣҪ𣿡
ɽӦòã
ʲôӦã֪лά޲϶Ǵ췽һģû׵ģֻҪŬ޾УڻѧУԻ׾Ͳˡ
˵Ի׵ʱ㻵ľСȫģǴĦ˹УĹؼУǮ˴ܹھѶܷü
˵ĺһôܹھһ
ȵһСʱ󣬸ֵվ̨һսսӡ١ڳpkھӺڳˡ
ϯ
ô˵໰ڳôˣ
սӵֽвٷڳ̧ͷĻ
ԭΪڳѾˣȻһŵ֡
˷ųףվһţո·Ļ׿ν档
ϧڳûʶЩףSȼĻף˹⿴濴Ҫս֮󣬱Ƚٶȵȷ棬׿
ǻȫˡvipڵվڴߵȻS
Ϊǲμˡ΢΢
ǣҲֻͼǸͷĿȷǺڳĸȤӵܳӶ̨ϵ֧飬ҵϣͷ֧ӮӵܲɳǺڳȤ
˸վһߣ³˵ʼȶȸ
ȸ·ס
ÿһȸ˦ӣ

ңеյ˴δеսүүûôԲ˵ָ׺˲𣿡
һ˫sĻ鲻ԽŤͷغָʲô£
ȸѾͷˣӾֱ˦ȥ
㿪ﲻһ䣺үүҵľ
ĲУڣ䣬Ͼ֡
˫sõǹ߳ӱֶΣһ·ôӱֹܶͬʱѸƿػס
һߵĻɽ˫s״ʱƽ⣬ԷϵһʱҲط֡
˿ٷڳ֧رɢңģȫûĬԣƫƫܵ
һʮѿֻһȫҴڵĻףŸƴͼ˫sסǸил׵Ȼȸٳ񹥻㡣Ψһе㿴ͷľʣˡ
ڹڿʱȸĹʧЧˡ
мȸֵ˲ųһУԷƱذ
ʧЧĹ·һźţٷڳ˶ʱһ򷨡
һѴУ粿ϱۡȡȸĻ˺ۣ޵ֿ֮
Ͷֵľ룬һѺڹֱԷȥǸ˫sɢֻüǰļֱӴ͸ĵ䴩˻סٿһŽ̨
ֱ߹Էû취𷴿ģǵȼѹơ
ղŵӴܵͷͣеͻȻð.ǹֳԷȥļס
ϯϲ˷Ӧٷڳܶ3sĻף
̨3sףЦ𣿡
в˿շ˹˹ٷڳͻȻһѾվԱ߿ϷһѹȸĿⲻɹעͷǱߣſţйͻȻ.ǹֶ3sףѵƽͨԺӣ
԰ɣƽͨԺǹԽˣûǴĻǸˣղͷŮġ
Ͳ֪ˣƽͨԺأ˵кܶطбŮҲǲܵ¡
𣿡󲿷˽Žɡ
Ȼǣ3s׵˭֪ǵжǿŮӦҲԡ
ԣǹľֻƽͨԺպ⼸ɳǹ3s׵ɲƽͨԺԽˡ
ڳִͱܻᰵƱĹʲôζУͨ࣬3s˽ֻϢԼżϢ
ħ3s׵ձһ¡
ⳡ֮ƽͨԺԽʵԱŮ˵СϢһˡ
˿̺ڳ̨ϣڻԽնɱ޵Ķ
3212ûԴʦǶѵѧܼɣѵûʲôããеȫѧһ顣һֱΪ˼ʱȥѧ׹죬ڻ׵ļɣһѧͲѧڶ顣
ǰһ𿴸УɳĮĻطţҲſһ顣ΪԴǹǻʦƽͨԺǱ߻ģûлǹԻױˣܻףȻȻѧԽ˵
Էļ粿׺תָɿ.ǹڰתһȦĳסǰٴδȥ
ΪҪԼز˫ֽбʮ״ͼǹͷ
ؿڣ
ײڣͫһ
ڡ
ճ.ǹóϵǹͷֱ´жֻ׵ϥǡһת״ϥǻд
.ǹͷΣʱǶϥɶ˺
ûгջس.ǹǽžλƫƫ̽ǹϥǲߡ
ֹˡ
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ûѧãеźٸԷһϥǡ
´̴һϥǺǹ൯˼ΣɲǸƵΡ
ôʼöֵʵ飬ѰָУֱֳŲסΪֹ
һͷȸ桯
Ǳ߳ʲôĶңѵ㲻㣿
վԱ߿ϷĻɽ˵ʲô
ȸѾؿᣬԭҪŪͷͻȻðӴӴˣôΪԼܱܵ
û뵽ǾȻȫ3s
ɱ㣡ȸ۾죬űӹ
ôɱɱȥһ㿪Ĺ˦һޣֱ۶ʱһۡ
ײڵĻɽüʾ
ȸӲסޱһһ٣ҡҲ룡
ȸȻԸе
ɽȥɴҲս֣һԷⷢ
ȸɽҲ۾ԽѪ죬Цȫ
㷭˸ۣŮ˴һϳ֪˵˼
֣ȸֱѹȥޣͣǶԻɽ
ǲĸĺʻɽôǱ߳壿
ɽ졣
ѹһȸȻе㼬֡
ȸѾˣֻƾһ񹥻ǣ죬ĹֱɽϮȥ
ֻ͸ղһ

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ٿػ̽ͷȸһѳ.ǹֱӴжԷ׵ľ
.ǹȸ泯ص£ʼû˴ӻײڳ
㡭ǱһϢ˫sɢôͻȻڹˣ
ջس.ǹʶ
ղŲ֪ΪʲôоһΣҲת˹
ȸҲˣڳ˵һᣬԶͶ䡣
ٷڳӮúڳھ
ǵĽƷղŻvipʾ̧һ䶫Ц50kgֽĿǰ3s׵ϡ
ֱӳȥ򿪣ҪʶһĲʲôġ
һɫΧɢ
ֽԴ⣬ⶼˡҪһǣ˵пԡеԺôһֽΪǺڳƷ
ʲôпԣһֽ𣬱͸ǣһָʱʧȥѪɫ
ֻǴԣɸʹߵĵȼ¸
Ļɽһۣ¸ǷζſԳΪ3s
лˡӣһ˰Ѵӱ
ȵȡһ㶣̺סˣӮǷھȫڳһʮ۶ǹһطҪھȻƷڻҪ񡣡
ʲôʱ򣿡ɽʡ
ţʱȷǻ֪ͨЦЦǲõģʱڴ֮󣬲ᵢǡ
˷ֱʻͻףǡ3s׵ɺϣȻȴûҴ
ʱ˵
˺Ƶ˵ͷתͷ뿪
ʱ̨ϵȸ̧϶ѪѾԣ۾ͨһƬ
ɨȸ״ôݣ
üֻǶ֪
ͻӵȸǱ̴ҲֻǾԽǾϵĻ׵ָʱԽ졣
ȸ涼һ֡
ˣںˡɽָָӣô죿
ȼķŵһ³صæĹȥ˵ǵһĵ
һȥǱߴš
һʲƵǮôҪ⣬Ұģţƣ
ʱ£鷳ϰˡ
Сϰ֣һĵ
ȴƷ£·.ǽȥ͵͵صҡ
ͻɽֱͦȽȥ˰죬ûյϢ̧ͷ߽ͦҡ
һƿţм䣬ӦɺԱߣɽԱߣԱɡ
˵գȥʲôˣһӸʵ
ҸմѧϰǸʲôˣָŻɽǡ
֮ǰӦɺ˵ԼҶ¥Ҫѧϰ
𳶣ҺͳɺѾ˶¥أСϷƭҡʷˡ


78 
һƬ, ϣƮ
⼸ڵףȥѵˡԱ߽, Ҳ֪Һɽѵ
ѵ, ͵͵.ǽһᣬѧУеļ, ҶȨ鿴, ǰϷ.ǽ, ַȥѵʲôɼ˵ģ
ˡ
ʵ鷭.ǽĿСɽ
ġ
ѧˡ
ɽоݣҲǲ֪ϲҹ͵͵.ǽҹӦûǵãϻǲ, ǿǸһ𷭡
, ǿǵġ䱻ɽݺĸ߳ˮƽ𾪣ֻܱڹ
, ΪʲôΪһ浥ĸӵܣ
棺ģ֪˴ͨ˵, û֤ݡ
Ӧɺӻԭֻһʣһ, ˹һߵ, ٿعȻһ𣬶һǴӱ¥Ǳ߷.ǽȥġ
ġԱ߾С
ξˡӻɽ˯
֪˵ٻ, Ҳ֪֪˵ٻ, װ֪
, ͻȻӦȻʽ棺ΪʲôҪȥģ֮ǰûŪˡ
ûΪָӣȨˡϵʦҪҹܺǡ
죬ĬĬ¡

ڶ죬˻صϰȡص㡣
ǻȥʱ̸
Ȼ3sԱλþӦġÿһѧУѡΣһʵ˵õѡ񣬿ҡҲٺһ
Ϊˣ֪3sʱһ
ͬԱҲŬ޿ɱѹϣ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
Ƕʱ䣬ǻɫġ
43sԱ룬ǰѧɵʱ̣3sٺò
ܱλοļ򣬡һͰȥУ
ǡ
ѧ뿪ıӰڷԱǿܺ͵۹УȣԽУӵܲС
۹УS̫ˣϲĴĦ˹Уȫͬ
űѶȲϼӴУӵܻỻһ֣ʱ۹УеSԱ֮һ
κһضܵ±εı䶯
ϰоУɢɢվš
θصָ֡
ÿһϵһصһǵȨƵˡ
ӦṩأֻվϰڸɰͰͿšүҲС
ҲŲУһɳǲ磬ʵڷ֮ܲ⡣
һ֧ӪŤͷӦɺӺͻɽڿʲôչȥһ3212ǵĽܡ
3212һǣֻбţҲҲʲôõϢֻм򵥵һοգλԼС
뿴ȥǱһȦӪ
Ӧɺֻ뿴˵ʲô
ԣ棺3212ǵǽҿģӦ֪
浱3212ҲǮ˼ңٱͨ˸ԣȻԵ޹ȥ
ֵӦɺӵĹԣҼǵһƬ㵹ӪҺýµƬ3212
ͨѡӪҺţһϢ·˷ڿƵ
һֱԼĻ棬ͣ3212ǵ
ĸΧĬ쳣ֻЩȫ޷Ķӡ
ɽֽƬһǷŴ󣺡иС
ƬǽڵСʶü3212ǲЧôСѵĻ¼ӪҺ
ǰûߣСǼ͡
κӦɺӻɬСӦûꡣ
ö˶ˣңŤͷӦɺӡ
Ӧɺӣ
˵ƬСò㹻ӪֶӵĻ¡ӦɺӪҺҲ̫
ҡ
˶ʱ뿴ƬǸССִڸɸɾһ߰˵
㣿ֻ֪ôģ
ҡ̯֣ǰ˵㡣
ûʲôоΨһıȷʵ
ʱСجج磬ΨһĿǳ϶Ѿߵˡ
ʱ賿ȥǷ˼ӪҺµҼ˲ٻȥЩŻصҳ棬ЦӦɺӣллø硣
Ӧɺû˵֪˵ʲô
øʱҲ꣬ȥ̽ʱ򣬼ӦǾ԰ڲϣһϲֹӡͻʱ鴤ɫɲ԰תΪɫҽػصػΧĴ˶űʹ¼ӡ
Ӧɺʵһֱø֮ͬģΪµǸӡ̫
֪˻ңԳΪͬ꣬һһ£ΨһֻͬǸ֪ȼ
ʲô飿̧ͷˣСʱ¡
һֱΪ͸ĸסһ𡣡Լ飬ʱ·¾ɣȫûУҪ졣
˼أֱ϶ⱳŵϺá
־ͽһӦɺӸɿëڵͷɿΪͬ飬Ժĳʳǰˡ
˵䣬Уʦǵˣ˼ϡ


79 
У˲伯, ֿվãʦվǰ, Ļ, תְ̧һ£Ļмϵʼͣת, ͣס
շ˹˹صΪǡ˵תȥ, ȫһ, ʮǵȹĻתͣʱ䡣
ǱȲμӵģ
Ըģֻǲϲ˵滰ԶȥıӰʱЩ걻ֱ׻˺ǡ
ֹ²ʦǿ
ǳ, киʴ, ֲѾӦ˲һд, Ƥͺܵ˺ǿԵ˺, ʦֻҪԻѭϵͳи졣ͬҪϣָԴ˵Ļ
ˣһ, У˼
ʱ˵ɵ˵л, ȻܵʦעĿ
ҾɱС
̧۱Уʦǣʦʺá
ƿĿ⣺ˣܺƽϣᱻ
û, ֻһӸ㶨ѡ, Уɢ쳣졣
û㹻Ĳϻɽʽ档
ҡͷ, ɳĮǺòնɱͷ3sޣ˴bossٵյնɱĳ˫ͷ޷һԴУΨһõİοõ˷ڶ
ͣǻҪĲϣֹǰڼᱻ鵽ѣȿţУҲһ˹ҪĲϡ
Ħ˹УӺܶǰʼÿԴȱ״ָֻڿ˼ȡһԴ
ʮޣ岻κηܴ12Сʱ3s˿ӳ졣ӦɺӵõڶȻԽϺľУǰҵޣʱ򻻲ϡ
Ҫ۹УǷѭϵͳĲϣʹûУֲǡ沢֪۹УһʲôϣֶһԴľͷֱ

ȷϵУȥǣǱ˾סֻƽֵ̫
Ħ˹У죬ҪҽǱƺӪҺ
Ӧɺ»صĦ˹Уȥѧɽ̳̣ӦɺӼײ
3s׵Ĺԭһ֪⣬û취Լףýרҵʿ
⼸Ҷ¥Ӫһ֧һ֧غȥѪһһϰˡ
֪ȶS
ѧɵĿγ̣ӲϽƷûлײϣҲû㹻ʱȥ»סץʱѧһƷǰֽˡ
ˡӦɺӽصԽӿڣ߸Сʱ
Ҹ˵ϣ뵽ǺĨ·Ѫƽ̨
ӦɺӣǮϣ
˵©ˡ
ϴκɽȥΪŪϣӦɺӵݸʪֽ֣Ҳ߽档
ʱһ⡣
ӻʦȻ㴦Ӧɺʲôϣ
ǵǱ֪
ѧУʳó극ӦɺҪȥ筡
һȥ筣еԾܻ׻ԭģ֪ӦɺӸʲôط׺ӳл˹
ףͷͷų֪ÿһ˿֪ʼ죬ЩֻҪһ˲䡣
ٿػǰԾ𣬽̤ǽϣһڿת漴ͣ
֮ǰҪ˳֡أ͸״
Ӧɺӵͷ֮ǰĲǰõģԼϰߺ㲻һû֮ǰвʵĸоǰõǴ󵶣˵ĶȵǱߣԼٿҪʲô
Զһ飬滹СϸҪֳӦɺӴ
һЩĶӦɺָŻ׷ԭҪ˼档
һʼʮţԽԽԾܸоϤ䷽˼
Щѧġ̽ʡ
ӦɺŤͷȫǣЩǰڵ۶Ӧʦ̵Сɣһ֮ǰħ̳һˡ
㣬ôΧˣϸ̳ʶҲɳǡ
ӦɺӺɫĿ⣬ͻȻϣ㣿
ûǮסIDIDַžƵķǰӦɺûڱվǰȻֹͬID͸һɺᡢ׶ҪУ͸С
ӦɺӵڻǵǴڵ۶ѵڣͻȻʱһѺȻĴͻȻмѿðһѸתͷ䣬꽨Ļлһֻʣһܣ侹ô

ԭĦ˹Уӵˡ
ӦɺҲӣû뵽ûǮסʱһֱID˵еʵһСӵС
֮ǰID˺˽Ĺ㡣Ӧɺһ£Ϊʲôң
סڵǸҲ㣿Ϊ빴ңƭһƵǮ
Ӧɺӣ
˻ĬƴԼû˵ʲô˵Ļ
úѧ׹죬ƳʺԼĻסӦɺΪΪһ3sʦ˫޵ˡ
֮ǰӦɺӶƳԼҲϣѣϾȫƳף¡
ڸУѾִǺҽרӪҺĦ˹Уǽ̸ϸǡ
ɳǸϸҪʱ䣬ڼҽһ֧ӪҺǰȡ
˺ܿ췢һ£ԷʱӶˣ˵
ҽ˵ڵõ㹻Ӫ΢Ԫأθ㲻޵׶һڻָĺãӦܺͨ˵ķࡣ
ôѵڿǵͼĽ档
ģƵĻѵʱѵ컨һԼƤաĴַɿƶͼһ߷
λʦǣ
ͣ£㿪Ŵͼһλѵǽʦѵ޹
ž
һֻЬ涪ȥ˵˶ٱ飬Ǻպô۾ﻬѡ
һᣬ䵽Ӧɺߣӻͳӣ򿪸¼ȫԻ׵ʣˣǵõǺҡ
ʲôʲôһš
ӦɺӺϱӣû

ִʱͬҹǱѧǵϰûϢȥȷϳء
Ǵ͵Ļѵغѵ֮ϰ¥ȥǱϵѧҪĸңҪȷϷ豸
Ŀζܹ֡ɽվں
ӵֺͣǵմˣƤոУ汻ȾĿ룬ûرӦֱۼƵһ㣬ݻ塣
ǷͷȷϷڵ豸Ӧɺӵ
ⶰ¥ıɳǻҪִ٣ռ䲻ÿĽṹֲϵ䣬ĳһרĸϵѧУķȫˡ
916㣬һһ俴ȥȷ豸ԣû𻵺һߡ
ŷõֺУӾ¥һ·ȥһֱʮ¥ȻûĦ˹УӵκһˡѶУӳԱֵǼü
Ŀĵţʮ¥
ƽͨԺˡ۹һ룬ڼһڴĦ˹УĻʦ䡣
ȥ꣬ǰߡ
ŲͻȻͣԼĻ׵ң׼Žȥ豸Ȼߡھӡ
߿ȥԽˡ
ȻƽͨԺˡʵƽͨԺˣѶУ͵۹УİƽͨԺУĬʵΪ
۹У˽һ㣬ϾôܹھǸ˶زаοǵ۶ǱôңУsѧѧ
ƽͨԺİԴʵѪ
ų˽У׼ɭϡ
۹УպУͬѧһпʵб±̩һܽ˫sȥھңûоѧ̭ࡣ
ƽͨԺͬһʼѧѧ㲻࣬Ա֮Ҫѧһʾ޿УףԻѪУܱѧ̭С
ЩϢǺŴӻɽǱ˽⵽ģҵûѡƽͨԺҲѧһԱ
ұ߿ȥδ壬ͻȻһ˳
ʶһڣֳ죬¥һ顣
š3212£˳
ӷ߳ӦǾŶδӰ죬Ƭ̵3sĦ˹УҲòܹھ
ü㲻֪ǴĦ˹УĿǵλ

ӦǾ忡üһš𣺡Ħ˹УȫԱ3sûھ
ֿۣȻ۹УҪܹھǲʲô
ӦǾĬã±һ䣺û
ӦǾ뿪ıӰһͷˮʲô˼
ղѵսԼعȥôõЧ
ܲǵ۹֮ϣĦ˹Уܹھ


80 
еķ, ȷ豸ȥ˻ϣ¥㶼һ, Ա߻ԼУ, ֻУԱм䣬ҲУˡ
ܸоԼδѵΣС
ģҲѵСһ𡣡氲ο˳㻹Դ̽, ۲Խ˺ӦǾʲôС
ڽ治ָӿƣһ3s׵, ͬ3sӦǾ, ˲̫⡣
, ҪҶſȥԽķܱʾ
ɽһ£ӦǾΪһ3sָ, ֪ǿڷ, Ȼǽ˷᲻ỹ֪ж߱ƣ
ϴɳĮӦǾȫֳԼ֪ǿ, ̽컯˫ͷߵķλܹ˫ͷ, ൱ǳ3s޵Ĵڡ
ʦѾһŸ֪ѵ治̫ӦǾ֣ո˵һʮ¥ΧˣֻӦǾһָӡ˭֪, ƱغѲ˹ϵҹϰ޽, 󾭹, Զ̷ȴʮǰ
˼󣬻Ϣ
ڶűõ죬Ȼȥţ˽վ
ȥѵ¹ţֽ任·ȥϴſţˡ
ҺõһѵβǽʦȻղҾͲšʾһֻţֱŶˡ
һƳ漴Ųȥ
״սţ߻ȥ
ɴһ·ǰ˴⵱Ϸ


һ ģ⻷ѵУӺһ𣬲ûףͬʱбСӰ
ʮ׵컨ϲͣ¡Ρ˱һӰս
ͷȱʪѵڲ⣬ˮ£Ρ˳ͷӲȥƤĸоϼǿ
һѺһ⵶ҲСʺãʵС
ָоʵġ
ͻɽֿվǣԸӰмӦɺӡ
Ρڲ£ǵ۾Щ͹һȦհĴʹͬò˶٣صǺ⣬սʱ
УӳԱѾʼ˵£ʦι˶Զ֡
ۣ𽥱꣬ɴ಻ʲôô޾ôһ顣
ˣ˱׼սһѾﵽȥˣһѴ󵶣ֱĨ޲ӡ
⻹㣬һͷޣĴ󵶱䣬׼ȥ񣬲㱻ҪҲҪԸպͷӰ˹ֽŲã춼ó
ʮå򷨡
ޣȻֱҧͷмӲǵޣܱ
󣺡һ뵽ԼҪôѧ·ѾԤϵͬǵĳЦ
ѧʼѧͳѧԺΪʲôҰ·ӳԱʦſŷ꿽ʡ
ʼ輸ͳ泹ף춼ϡ
󣺡ЩҰ·ӣûϵôʦһ
һʱȻûʦĬ˵ĶԣҴ˿ĻУﵽͬ

ˡʱУӻ˼֣ӵϢʱ䡣
󣺡ǹϵͳ
ѵӰʱʧΡҲˡ
Լʪͷоոһֱûȥ
ݸÿһ֧ҩ˰ɣϵֻͨˮ»ü
ʦĿκ£ʦô֪ΡǺ
ʣ϶ã
λûϣʱ䡣ɸ֣ûˡ
ʦϸϽȷʵûһĳ3s׵ĴָԼһʡ
ţƣ֪ޱϡ
š
緹ʱյϵһϢ׼
֮ǰӦɺʹ˸񣬱ʾԼϵˡ
һӲˣղŶ۸ʲô
Ӧɺӣֻ۾
ûӦɺ˵ĻҪҡ֮Ĭȥˡ
æĹֽˣڵص⣬ֻܴϰһ·
һУôӣҡУָУϢʱ䣬˶ˡ
һӣ
ѵĻײϣ
ĻײϣĦ˹УǱ߿϶Ϊ׼3sס
ںǸѧλӣ֪˼᲻᲻ƽ⡣
ĹҪһˣƾʲôλõڻ油˭֪޸ԼʲôطԲþУԴ
Ħ˹УôһͨɧҾһԻĹЩУֲɵӡ

ӻңָӦɺӷϢ˵ֽѾˣæȥǱߵĸҡ
ӦɺյϢѾ극ˣ˵һӣ
ɺӴʦҪң㱧Ǹװľֽ𡣡
ַֽôˣ
ӦɺӣôصĶĹ
ıһȦ
ַŶû£Ҳ𿪿ˣֽúõġ
Ӧɺӣˣ˵㱧Ŵӣжֽ𣿡
Ϊֻһ㣬ϾֽϡϣһҲܼǿܡ
ַ50kgӦùһ
ɺӴʦôֽ𣿴ȥˣ


81 
ʱ, Ӧɺӽ䣬һķֽУսһ, ֽвиӡ

ֽ
ӦɺĸӴֽ, иɫӣһר洢ϵӡӵļ۸񲢲ˣֽ
ɫӦɺСӣһɷӭ, ֽԴĲԡ
ȻǺôһֽ
ӦɺӶڵϣôһֽ𷢴, û50kgһֽ
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֪רͳԺֵĶѹͻ׳Ϲϵ
Դ, Ӧɺֻʾ3s׵, Ҳû͵
ʲôӦɺӽµظ˹
һ˵Ļɽȹ, 
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ӦɺȰԼժ˵ֽҰһƻⶫԴҲ£ֻһ渺ӻʦ
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ʱ˿̣˵Щʲôأ
ƶϣôһֽ𣬲ﶼУɳϲСڵ۶ǣֽĳҲ䶯ϢŪôһ飬߳ɿǵ
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Ӻ󣬽һһϢɳǺڳھƷֽ𡣱ٷڳá
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һֱ֪ƻ׸ȤѾԶƳAףôʱ3s׵
Ӧÿԣܿ졣Ӧɺӵͷ
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ӪҺֻʱǰӦǾרӪҺɷȳģͬҪиҽڼ䣬涨ֻսĶרӪҺȥҪֹԼ񻯡һȫ֪Ǽصĸ
ʣӦǾڱҲƵӪҺ
ǰȣֻҪʮ죬ȫԳŵסԱߵ͡
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ҽ󣬱ͨѶǰĹĻ
Ŀǰ֪ȼĽS
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ԥտݲ𣿡
󣺡ԡ
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ʲôͻȻʵ仰⴦ڸ˺档
Ϊ֪᲻ָɧ
ʳеҥԵͷӣ󣬡УҪҪһ㡣
ȥ֮úӦɺӴһڹΪӦɺŪĲϣ㲻˷ͻɽںڳ.
ǻʳˣѪ˾ԲѧĶ
ԡ
ãҾͲ˵һ룬ŷӦȻͬҪʳ
㲻ʲô
Ҳվ͹ӲԲ˹ʦҸȥѵˣټ
һţ̵̳ǣµһʳ

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һȥѾˣȥк
ĸ˽Բ
ֱַĸǰ˻ӣڸʲô
ȱﲻס㡣

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Ѿ֪˵Ĺ
ɽԭʶǸԼ
վԭأӦ֪˼
̾һҪΪ˭ȥ.أ
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ԭ֪ǹ¶ҿӪҺΪ󣬽εˡ
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ĵһ졣
˽ģһ
ҲǣûСϣ˿ˮŤͷɸɣмһֱû㣬ʮֹⲻȥ
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ʹĸһȺ㲻档
ȭͷӲˣʲôʱ£
ܾˣڵ۶ǵʱ򣬽ɽǲ㡣
СӣҾ֪һֱңŽ
㺰˭Сӣ֣֡ըˣڷɣ
.˺һսع
үɹӽȺΪⳡս
侲ҪԼҲ롮ٷڳԻҪָӵͳ
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˹ھֱֽȥɳǺڳǱߵӦúܿϳ˵ݡ뵽⡣
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֪ɳֽɵһ±Զ޷ɳ
ֱֽΪƵĲϡ
Ӧɺо˼ֲϣЩֽܺƣֻжսܸܵϸ΢ͬ˹۲첻Ǳõ3s׳лʦϵʦҲϲǴĦ˹УڵĻס
3s׵ڴһƱػᱻ˷ֶߡҡͷһŮ3s׵ֻǡ
һƽͨԺû3sŮ
棺Ϊʲôôʣ
ɽһ˲䲻Ȼ
˰ҵԽˡѹ
棺۾ϹˣôܽϳĸߴԽˡ
кܶΪƽͨԺط˿пŮǴӵİԡ

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վǰλʶңҲʶ㡣
ƳԱߵļˣǽ̧ͷͦأĿǰȫȻûǰɡ
۾ģȥס°ͣ
˵´ȴߵʣڵĽ䡣
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䣬㶸Ȼ
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.Ӧһߵڵأֳס棬ҪˣȰϷֱ
ʵʵˤڵϣʹдӰ崫
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ͼ鿪һʱ侹ѲſˣƤ
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82 
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һûϢʱ䣬ΪıڴвϺȡڿʼ, ֮ÿһ, ҪԽ˫SϵĶ֣ŬѵĲԼĴĦ˹У
Ǻ󣬲δȥ, Ҳ֪ǵĻǷģӡ
ȵ棬㿪е֦Ҷ, ǰС
ղŽʱ, Ҫɵҵһҫս
˲һ, ͬĺٴδӺ͵Ϯ, 㿪ûлȥ, ǹ۲źʲô
һƤӿһԵ⡣
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κ˼źĹ, ޷侲ղšܡӴ
δӦ, ͻȻŵһսζܰɡ
ȻۣģջصʵУһ
Ȼ, ģյĻջˡ
ǲżһ飿Լġ
ģձջ, Ҳ޷, ֻ¥ȥҹ£˵һ̨µģա
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ֻ棬ŵһսζһۣģջˡģ̫ˡ
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ںڳõǶӦɺʱںڳõǼAƬ㱣ǻԡ
Ҳԣ50kgֽȥӦжࡣӦɺ
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һƨɷۣͳһ룬Тʦ룡
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83 
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ֻ˼ʻ3sվ̨ϵһƬ
ҲӦɺӿš
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ϰ߹۲ΧĻ̨ϱ
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ǰںڳıƵȫ¼ˡԭҪȥ֤˵Ļ, ȴδǵƵȫˡ
ҲˣǹͣǺڳȳܹھǰھƵʱ¼ܡ
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˳ƽͨԺǱ߿ȥ, мŵԽ˵ͷڵŹԣ˵ʲôؼƵʧҲ鲻ʲô
һҹ֮пŮ, ƽͨԺһֻ, ײǡ
˰Ϣһ, ڸУ, ˵Ȼ֪Խ˲Ůˡ˵ʹȻ˼ԣʶԽɨӡ
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ȣԭǺý壬ǻûգģһܿˣʱͲһ๤
ýߣ
һߵƽͨԺмӶԽĹؼʹŮ֮תϢʲô
Խճ.ǹڲɷ̨ĿɨӼߡ
·ʱ׵ش𡣡
Խһƫ·ʱǰλӦüýҥĺһ䵽ֵز
ҪתȥԱƽͨԺɷõĺɼýߣûƽͨԺɡ
ý壬Ȼôֵزڳͬв͵͵Ħ˹УǱһۣ̾ϢУûһ˵ġ

ϣӦɺӴԼĹҡ
һγҪĸ֪ȥģͣγڼ䣬֪жϣҲӦɺʾűסȺõĲϵ
AͬSϵĲϵù޷ƫػʦĸ֪
վǰַ·ĲУ֪ȥѾںϳһĲϣֽΧб亮վǰܵ
һ㱻֪ͣڰУƸ֪ϱ㼷ѹһǿš
ԱߵӦɺӴ˿̱Ҫţ֪ܲܳɹ
ӦɺԼѧʱѧ˴֮󣬲ŸʹòʵսʧܶΣһ򣬶ֻѧ˶̶̰ʱ䣬ڼ仹иֵѵ
ֵɹΣӦɺһŤͷȥȴֿʼѪ
ӦɺæתֽǰͣסʱȥǡֻܿѪ£վԱ߸ż
һѺϵ֮һʱٶȼӿ첻١
ѵڰкһγһѵѹĴ󵶡
Ӧɺһһ˿⣬֪ûʧܣ˿ĲҲ˵ƣɹ
ٽбһ㴦ˡӦɺӵݸֽҪĲȺ͹꣬û⡣
ӹֽɾѪִӿڴóһ֧ӪҺ£ͷۻ֢״ʧ
˽ȥ㲻ٺרӪҺ
ûʱˡӦɺӶڵĳֽлҪӺʱ
˵ڱлᾡȡ
׵ͻɽĻ׽ǴСõ󣬺ȫͬʵϣУҲֻһõȫ»סȫ
Уȥ׺󣬼õ»ףҲ̻صǸǣǰɨޡ
ѵӦɺͻȻе㲻ԣôͼֽϲһ
мһݴ
ʱˡͣҿԽ˵ǹͦ˼ԹѲ˷ѡ
Ӧɺӣ֪ΪΣһɲԤУǰԽĬ


84 

һδ, ΧҰвݣҲκ, ǽԴŻɫ
У׼ȡսĦ˹У˭ȥ顣
˭ã, á
ӦɺĿѧʱΨһһҡ
ͺܺõӡ
ǫ飺⡣
ֱֳѾЦĦ˹УķΧһֱ, У̫, Χеѹ֡
Уȡս˴ӵһڽûл, ۹УӦǾ, ƽͨԺԽˡȫӻȨˡ
ŵĸλʦûʲô仯н͵ǰĦ˹Уѹ, Ҳ֪ΪʲôеôһƤҪˡ
, ´顣ɴȻҲûʲô𡣡
УһŶӳȡսӦǾԽм䡣
ӦøенŶ, ǰۺжϱǿˣӦǾԼԽˡ
վм, Ҫѹ
ʱ˿, ֱֳڣֱͷǰѣֻ˫ֲѵ¿ڴһ, Ÿ, ż⳯, еһһ, ˿ûиеκѹ
ƳڸͨŶӵĶУǸͦεľУС
ˣλʱ޿ˢ±˵֪
췽Ǳ׼սĿǰӦǾϣں˳ʮֺõܸɿݴֲڵͷȫͬ
㱼䣬ӿڴ֣ǰͼ֪һ
Ȳȸ㣬Ժ㡣
롣
ָβ˳Ĵָ⴫ôõͷ̫ϧˡ
δڶ£ӦǾŤͷʲô
ջ֣ڴͷ죬װӦǾںԼ˵
ѵ3sͷ˿϶и֪ôᡣ
һֱžͷɣô˵
ֱĹڡ
ڸʲô
ôҶӦǾ֣һǶԵ۹ƣ
Ҫִһ£

ڿһĻըˣ
ӦǾʲôˣҳòһڣʣڸ߲ʵ͡
ȻӦǾͷͼƵ۹˫֮һ
һᷢһִɣйڲԼͬһ뷨!
ӦǾӹָôֵ̧˲䣬֪Ķ֮Բת֪ҪʲôȴδϵᶯԼͷ
ǱʦѾںӦǾǰսתǰȥ
ӦǾֵ·ûбץȥսûȥԱǿ
ø磿Ӧɺø磡۹˫֮һûбôð
ƳɺӣôҪϽֻһͷ
˵ĺӦǾһ
ӹս򿪼飬ĬãαҪõĲϾȻ
̽ͷʡ
һûС̧ԼദоԼ衣
ҵ£һǴĦ˹Уˮ⡣жΡ
˼ҪôʱѶǱߺȻ
ѶУеĻѭԼ˷Ʒ
Ħ˹У˽ԶѶͶȥӵĿ⣬սԴǸԶѶ䵽һҽекʻ̽ûʱϣõĽǽսնɱһԴ
ս꣬Уʼϴλ̽
۹Уһһ̤ȥձ㿪ʼƮꡣ
۹УγսҲô˷ȱӦֻܿ״̬һԴɵ֪۹Уָӻξ񡣡
ʱ޾ǻľУ飬ֻжһϵͳϵѶϰ쿴мǿƣУãһ㿪ʼꡣ΢һ㣬նɱԶһϡ
ָӦǾͻȻͣסŲ۹У˲ͣ£ھͷǰΪҪ˿ģʽ
ӦǾ΢΢ۣ漴֪ϣθ⡣
ϷΧոպס۹Уÿһˡ
ֱֳһ
Ǹ֪ʵʻ
̨Ӧɫˡ
ʷϳֹǸȺӢ͵ʱʦκһ˷ŵڣˣǸʱǲͨţһˣ֮ϡ
벻Ȼز૵
Ӧǳʲô
֮ӦǾֽ壬
ֱֻͷܼУԲ֪
ڵڶλĴĦ˹УҲûзʱˡ
ֱڽеľѹ£ͼͬûзĴĦ˹Уǽƽ顣
վڴ򿪵ͼһͷŸ֪ҪѰҵޣնɱ֮һϡ
ԼȷųףӦɺӣָŻС۴Ұ
һףڶսʱֵܣɵֵĹ
ӦɺҲΪʲôȥԼ߰
ֻǻ׵Сһ飬㹻ڵŷףʱûϵոС
ţꡣ
ɽӦɺӽ󣬺УѧÿСӿʼһףꡣ
̽鵽һСȺҪǣͻȻͷдӰ̧ͷһ
ͽͬ𾪵ĻֱǰĹǣǣղŶԵ۹УָӦǾ𺳸жɢ١
ɧУҲȲĦ˹У
ΪʲôǰûҾͦá
ǻ׵ѻ׵öͲˡ
ǻҪնɱޣԶһ˷ϣȻס꣬лж
ǰСȺÿСӵͻ׵飬˿ٸסŲ飬Լ鵽ķȥ
ûε˺Ħ˹Уٶȱѵʱ٣ܿϵָĿĵء
ܿǷһ£ȷʵСȺһͷ߽ޡ
ͷ߽޲Ⱥм䣬ԼϢȴĦ˹У󣬲ų֡
ն
ͷСȺΪնר
̽ս״̬
ҪԸͷ߽ޣͬʱУӶԸСȺ
ͷ߽޲˻УӿзŴĦ˹У飬ͬʱǿСȺĹ
װԼĻС۵ķף󵶡
ֱֳ
ǻʦһ۱ϳܻ׵Դܻǰ˻òҫԭѵӦǴĦ˹У޸Ĺˣóõ
ͷ߽ǷǣͷмӲֻǣһβͣ˷ܳ
ٿػԾޣյͷ߽޿ȥûжļ󣬳˻С
һڸ߽ޱϣɼǣȻյͷޱϵָ̻
ʲô
յۣһμޡ
ͷ߽޵ĽǱߵȺԽ˷ܣǿУ䲻ܾ񹥻ѶԸЩޣΪͬ鷢ЩAϡ
ǵ˻ָ죬ֻҪһջأָʵõǿ
ӵAϣ˿ڼӵų
ޱ鿴Щޣǻ⣬ʱ仯ܶûм¼ڲᡣĦ˹У£һαûм¼ޡ
ǲ֪޵ģĿǰ˺ǣܸЩ
΢΢۾ͨУӵָǺл׵ϣγһεһ廯жÿ˶֪ÿһιصɣ˺ֵҲڲϼӴ
һ׼ԭֻаٷ֮ʮʱһ廯ߵ츳ӳɵõϣ˲ٷ֮ʮϡ
ָӽУӵһ廯ĺôڸ߽֮
ڿͷ߽ޣѾ˸ֲλÿһ̸ԭ
ÿһˮϣյ֮ˮָԭƽ
Ŷĸ߽ޣû㡣
ͷ۾ɡ֫Ŀͷ߽޵βϡ
ֻһΪͨβͣ˵ģҪ͹ΧΪһ塣
ۣٴοʼ̽ͬȥջͷ߽ޱָûκ˵ĺۼ
ֻǾڶ̽һ£ÿһͷ߽˺βͻῪʼͣڶٶȿ쵽ӰֻĿԷڻָõ˿ڴβ͡
ͷβΪԲŰڶ죬ʲôԵʣҪһԡ
ٿػ׶ͷ߽޵צӣƵһڸ߽޵ıϡ
ͷ߽˫˵ļЦ·ڳĲ
˿ڸԭ
ƻҪȥһסѣһϵٳβȥһѺϵ
߽βͱУʼѪûλһ븴ԭۼ˻ָٶ
ҵˡ
֤ԼĲ²⣬Ǳ߿һۣʱУӵ֪ͨЩȺβ͡
ʱ䣬ֻҪβܵشٱ˺޷ָͨ޶
¶Ըͷ߽ޣȻΪʼ񻯣ʱָܻ壬񹥻
Ը߽Ǵ̴Ĵۣи߽βһ
ֱֳں;ͷĹڣֻ΢΢ƫͷһֶֻס߽޵ͷǷֿ漴ס߽һǣӲϡ
ŶϽǣĽǲסϽǴ̽
߽޲ϵ˻ָˣһԭǲǿǡ
ɽи߽޸ͽǻһ֣󣬺ϵӳ֣סͷ߽޵β͡
߽޷ʹĺҪ㿪
ûغϵҲûпϸ߽޵βͣߵǰһǡ
˺׵Ķһȴ
סϽǣ߽ͷʱѪ˳ڸԭ
߽忪ʼ鴤ǱߵȺѾҳһţУΧˡ
ٿػߵͷ߽βγϵԥβ͡
Ħ˹Уնɱһͷδ֪߽ޡʮͷAޡظһ顭
͹㲥ͬһʱ֡
ֱֳ
Ҳһǻ¡ɵδ֪߽޶һԴԷ
ϰ첻ղŵıָȤΪһ3s׵͸ղűֶԡ
ȫ


85 
ϰ˵Ǿ䡮ȫ񡯵Ļ, ֱֳĹڽ䣬Ϊʲô
Ϊһ3sʱ̫, ֻһͷ˫sޡϰ첹
ɲ̫ͬ˵⻹һͷδ֪ޣ־ȫԭʱϺķѶ, ⡣
ϰҡͷͷ޽ǡβ, һϸ3sҪѧڸʱڷЩ, ϻɽ, Ǿٻһʱնɱͷޣȱ3s׵еߣе3s׵Լϰߵʽ, оڻҴһ֪ͨĦ˹УǱô̵ģҿеĴȫûиı, ǻδУܱ߳
汻˵ˣʱϸ, ׶ûõ죬ϲ, ôܺ3s׵ȡ
Ҳķ񡣡Ц
ϰûٷϣնɱ߽ޱϸĵ, ֻڿʵĦ˹У֮ѡĵȼΪǳڴ
Щ3sԱ, һʼѧʱ㱻ע, ʵҲÿһѵϱ, Ψ⡣
ڿ, ԴĦ˹УҲȫǺ£ʦʲУҲûжõѵ
˵ʵϰʧģΪлһ֡
Ѵ󵶿Ƚ⡣ɵһΪֿѵĵлȣղ߽ӵʱӷɵĸо
ϰ쿴ƽͨԺľͷڵǸоַȷʵӷɵֻӵplusɵ
ƽͨԺǱѾǳսֻ֮һķͻѭϡ
ǰУһʵǿһɧƽͨԺȫԱģʽԵƽƽˡ
ǼʻףѰޣȻʹĦ˹УһĿģҪȡͻѭϡ
ƽͨԺԴȴĦ˹࣬ҲԸڹǶģ滹иѵпҪһֱģʽʱԴǾ޴ġ
ƽͨԺһ㲥͹Խ˳ǸȥŶһòھڶҲøĦ˹У

ȫϡһ
ӦɺӶһԴͻҪõĲȫˡ
ãϵδ֪ޣһֵ3s߽ޡ͸
ñӡԼ׺ͷһ𣬵ѵƣɿ壬Ӱ
˷ǲȫԱȥ״̬Դʡʦֳ𽫻׵ѭϵͳĺá
˷ϻһ֣Թ˿екɷ֡
껹£û¸ɵĻ׵ʱϢȴʦĺϵͳ
ͻɽΧأ滹ڿͼһϵĿľֱϢʼȣ
һˣ˭Ҳڲμһŵı
ͷŵأָ˽ȥڳһࡣ
ɫ࣬ǿûκǽõĴˮࡣ
ĵط˴Ϊػǣ޳ȥ޴Ϊʲô
˽ʷܵ޹ңԶϵϵ̫գͻȻϵ࣬ΪﲶʳռԺŻγײܵ
ˡ溰
ǻӣʱУӷֿУӳԱȫٸӺ档
۹Уնɱͷ˫sޣʮͷAޡ
ƽͨԺնɱͷ˫sޣʮһͷAޡ
۹Уնɱͷ˫sޡ
ֱӲͬ
۹УӣӦɺͷĹ²ɸ̾ø֪ǿ
֧ζӦǾҪֿ֪ǣӸղŹ͹㲥򣬸ղһ֧̫Զˡ
Ӧɺӻ֪۹Уû÷ǿӦǾĸ֪ʵ廯ϣסⲿĶӻ
ߵ˺ܶࡣüŵ۹УӦǾǰûô֣ͼһֻ㻤ŵ۹УΨһϴ֤ĵȼ
֧飬ӦǾԼĿڽ濴ʾ塣
ЩľУ
벻̫ͨӦǾ˾⡣
һۣΪĦ˹УҲȫԱ3s۹Уֶһ֣
Ҹʲôδף˫ͼ嶵ûҵ̧ͷϽ۾ʵ
ûпڴĵô׵ˣӦòӦǾͻȻҪУ
֣һȻĿǣ֪
ΪʲôǶҵô߽ޣֻһͷʣ棬ǲǲУ
ƤЦⲻЦҵļƻҪΪӦ3sףƽͨԺǸˣû뵽δ֪ޣҲû
аɡָ̾ӣ˵㡣
ޱ龾סֱۣʲô
ûĿǰ·￴е졣


86 
ɽɳĮȻ, ڸһĴͳУɵգʱʱµ, ĽĻɫӲݣɱľ
Ļ͹涼òࡣϸǳ˷ǰ, мƵİ뵹¥, ҲṈ̀ꡣ
ſ˻, ҡͷǽ, ģռ
ӦɺԵģڱʵͶӰֲγɵģڹͬĳǲܡ

ĵǵбɢ, ǰߡ
ڸ£һԱƺֻʣԼܱߵĶ顣Ħ˹УĿǰǻɽٿػ, ǰ۲УÿСҲһ˱ֻ״̬
УָӸ֪, ǵ̽ⷶΧһ, û̽⵽, ˵ΧʲôûС
ˣҲûöɾ裬ʾҪ˴
֮ǰ۹УƽͨԺնɱ޺, ûκζ, ƺ˶һְƽ͵״̬С
״̬, ǱǰƬƽ
ĵͼ, ܿиӴֺɫȦĵطҪִյ㣬췽Ա߱ĸ֣δ֪ޡ
ζյ㸽δͳڲδ֪ޣ׶ԸҲܸѶԸĿǰڻǺһ
н΢Ų֯һԽԵΧĹ죬ֱͷǰĹҲһŽ
˲һ˿ֱֳĹܿõУľͷ֪ÿУͬһֹ֮С
Уû˳ǰУʱ˶ԱƱػὫĿͶȥ
ŴĦ˹Уֱͷڸʲô
ͷڣǰߣȡ֡
ϰ쿴ȥѷ
ɣ֪ܲѷ֪ΪʲôҪѷ
֪Լ˵Ĳԣϰ첹ҲĿǰĸԲǲܡ
ɣȻе
ͷֻ֣һѪԼѵУóһֽųһסԼӣһϵж´÷
ֱֳԼۿĦ˹УֱĹڣ
ǡ֮ǰ޶ϵԵʣɲ죬ôʱ䣬ŷӦ
ĿڴĦ˹Уʦϡ
ɿһ⺢ϻ𣬾ϲѪӦǾϸ֪ʱѪҲȥ
Ħ˹Уֱͷǰ
С᲻ỹӪӢǵžͷڵ
ӪѪҿʲôĶƤ볡ǰԱкӶֶŶڻ
Сå
˭ǣǿӦˣ˵ȨƵҳһǻô죿
ӢüСͻȻһA3S϶ҪӪ
⵹ǡƤǰ£ɸ̾ѧԺʱ򣬿ʼһΪǸBû뵽תۼСѾ3s׵
ǰAٽӴʱȥֱֳһغշ˹˹ǸӡһֱԺ
÷ͻȻͣʮ¶ࡣ
ոж⡣ָŽµ
˳ſȥʾ˾Ƹ֪͸ȥ
û̽⵽ȴܸ֪һ˿ĺۼ
߽ޣ˫s
гԱԡԱ״̬УӳԱԭٶǰУɢУӼױλá
ûн֪£Ǻԭһš
Сʱ֮󣬹һα󣬴Ħ˹Уˣ۾ҶգһΣ޻͵Ϯ˿̲ڵµƺҵᣬ׳ӵȻܳǡ
Ѿû͵Ϯ׼ЩҲһ
УӳԱӦ죬ԱΧţ˳ɹףսģʽ
ֱֳλһֵԱֱɫֱͷ
УȻͬһʱͬ͵Ϯ
ͱֲӦɫ
ͱֲΧһлĳһϵУھÿΪԸͱֲķԴ󣬱ϸֽǸϵȥ
ֱȾֲ֮֮ʮټû뵽Ȼֶ
뵽ﻷ⣬ֲ﷢ҲǲܣֻǰǰһЩʱȻûз
УԱͬľͱֲ͵ϮʱܿЩͬ
۹УӦǾڣЩͱӦһʼ㱻֣춯֮ʱλ׵˲֣ѹƾͱ
֪۹УԱʲôʱֵġ
Ħ˹Уǹע⵽һ֧飬Ϊֻȷж
ڲ֪ʲôԱȽսģʽڻУӳԱɹס
ƽͨԺУԼѶУֻھ谲ĹֵĻͱ͵ϮУֲ
ʱԱӳǵȽףսģʽѶУʶʦָӿȥƽͨԺǱ·ʱ׷Ӧ죬Ƹλ׵סУӳԱ
λָӷӦҪ׵ȥУӳԱֻʱǵУȻʧȥˣҶΪУָӺУӻʦ
·ʱָӦ¿ӣѶָӲһ
û˵ӦǾͽ棬ǰ̫ǿԣߡʾôʱ˼ʱֲ
ҿʺ飬ͻãôǸͻ׵ϰĿ⸴ӣеϧϴɳĮҲ3s׵˫ͷߣȷֵ춯֪񣬿ϧѡͻףսʶһ㡣
ʵĦ˹ϲɿ˻ȻȲƽͨԺ͵۹УǱߣʤѶУĬ
˵֮󣬱㿪ʼʡԼĦ˹УۣʱʱҪһ¡ǰĸУûô˵
ʵܱǱǱйоأûʲôرıָ֡ӷӦģУܵش
̾ϢΪԱԱһӦݣһϰ죬˶Խ˵ֳûʲô̫Ȥ⣬ϰ컹˵䡣Ӧݣȫġ
ùô鵽굱Ա
ɺȻԼҵһܹעĦ˹УɣܲԵʡ
ͱ֧Уĳ󣬼ǴĦ˹УѾǰ׼ҲеܲˣЩص״
үˣʲôһʼûͣӲͷƤȥ
ֳĶۼһ̫ˡ֮ǰΪ˫ͷļޣû뵽λ⡣
ֲ˵Ӧʧˡɽ֪һ㡣
ȥʼĻҺѾӦսѹŴ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬Ҳô󵶣ֱӲ𿪷ֳѵָƶԭȵĳѱ̱ΣΪյĻ۵γε
εŤǵľͱм䣬ÿ·һأǱ߱㵹
ֱֳûסѵȻܱΣǱһҪλʦƵġ
ϰ쿴һۣĦ˹У3sĻʦӦöϤ
ҲǣֻӦɺƵġɸ̾Се㱾¡
ɽǰ·ŶǰߣϺ󡣡
ָӺ̲סڻײ̬ը
ֻ
ͲˣԺĸȺǲǵܣ뿪ǰЦ⣬һ䡣
ˣ죡Ҫ˵
һô죿
үһӢ񲻻һ


87 
ͱؼ, ڵȼAӶࡣ
Ħ˹ӻУ뿪Χģø֪̽Χ, ȷûоӰ֮󣬲ͣʦץʱ䣬ʼԼСӵĻס
Ǳڹ, Զȥ, ׵ĽŲ͸һ˿š
ˣʲôʱߣ嵽յ, 죬ͷҲ뿪
Ȼ׵, ӦߡӦɺӿʼĻס
үԸɿ, , Ӧи߽ױֲȳˡ

ˡ
Щʲôϵ, Ǳ塣浥ϥأַڵ, Ӧб塣
֪·ʧһ㡣
ֱֳ
ӦŽĸУ飬ֲȫֲ֣ͬ䷢죬Ծдڵֲָ֣׷, ȴ޷ҵֲ
Уָһֱûвŵ¾ͱ춯˼, ΪʲôӦǾô췢־ͱ
Ȼ֪ܽʵ廯, һ㲢ʲôϡ档Ӧһ˫۶ֱͷʵһ㣬ȴδηӦǰ
ϰ죺ЩֵУӳԱ
ǱҪ򣬸ղܵͱѶУӳԱ˲ڶࡣ
òԱѧ󲿷ֳֳԱǻʦָӣǽСӵԲģ̴̱ԴһԶ֡
Щûüף̴壬ҶԱЩصѧŽƲա
ЩҪ

ҪȻȥЩʲô⡣
УҲȥһԣǶʿˮȥҲˣҸղŹЩͱѾصصˡ
ûϵѾҵġ
ģʵ
ûлش⣬ǿ֣ȥնɱͱ
ʶ뷴ԣһϽ۾ˡ
һָӷԸ
ĻͻȻԺУߣעܱߵľϲ̶֡пǱ塣
滳ɴĦ˹Уһʼֲ壬ڵϿǡ
ӦɺӼ˻ףԭ·ء
һ·ϱŵ٣Щճĺۼ
ȫõնϣûз
ΪʲôúóҪǸӡһߴŸһ²ֳۣŤϻġ
նϵǴֲڱ棬Щ̣оԼǿôһ㡣
ҪҲбֲˡЩһһ졣
ˣǶһ㣬Ҫ·
һϵҪͬ⣬ȻһѾϵ
ôˣһŤͷͣҲ˺󼸲ڿʲô
ѾˡָŵϵڶѴѾɺԿһ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ͦġչ˵ñ
СģȻ
˲ףٿػԶղǿǰ
ѾõӶϿڴϸСֱӹ
.Ӧ죬˵ҪЩϸС̴
ײڵɫֻҪһղŵΣθ㿪ʼͣ
ʲôүӻײڴ
ŵĿûЩϸСſϣǱ֮ǰŵϡ
̸϶ïʢЩݲеɱ·ߣľȫûв졣
ֻǡ֮ǰʱľһһֹгС
Ϻȴȥ
⡣϶ղŽҲ˵Щǵľͱ롣
̶˼άΪӦúЩĲࡣ
ʵѧϵԼĸڵӡ
үĵӺȻִԭ
Աߣү롣
εǿÿͨȥͻȻΧһ·ĵð֮ǰǼĸָ
٣һתӣ󣬡춯֣ң
һ3s׵ôûϢΪʾ
Ű²ۣСְôôôֵĸ룡
ĹҶԸЩȥǿ
һԼĶߣԸǿ
Ȼǿŷ֣Խܼ
ңŲ·һָ߲
˿⣬һ˫ԽԽ죬Щ֣ε뿪ֻ֣֮С
ֱϰ죬ԭڿ۹Уսֳһ⣬۲쵽ս²죺ôоżлôӣ
ԲԲۣү캰ͻʣµĵȴûԽߣԽ졣
Щ·޾һ㣬ʹٿ죬ٶ࣬صȻðµĸ롣
ĿڶıƵúˣڲٷк
ˣҪǽڲԶѡ
֪ˡײڵָڲٿϻ÷ɿ죬ٿػ׻ӵ
˿ĻڵϣЩͱٶץסᣬѾСּĸ롣
ͬһʱ䣬ҲնΧľͱϵߣһ𹥻Ͻɵļ롣
ǸеǰδеΣУɶ޷ҡڣԽ
Ķ룬Ǹֽɰŵļڡ
״һٴλҪƾͱĽٶȣֻϧܵӰ죬ӷӿٶȣĸҲڲϹ
ѾûٹעԼµЩ״ӵҪƻ룬
ͱӵص飬յЧٿ֮ϣѾ˶á
Ϊ֣Լһ㣬ʱڣȦγһȦ룬ָγɼܽκζ顣
е㶶һʼͲӦ˺ȥ
ָʲôڴ
һɣû¡
ʲô¡͸ףٴﴫеƣȻᣬϿ
֪ǲĴ˵仰ʱ붯øˡ
ٿһ룬һ㣬㿳һ㡣
ͻȻһȻЩ뿪ʼأЩϻľͱҲȻء
źĴ󵶣ӽɿ̫߳ѿˡ
ֱͷǰĹڣ˭Ҳûôϵġ
ʱҲû˼עƽٿػױ˱筣ղұסˡ
һŵȥ㲻类ŵûɢôҵڣ
֮ǰ֮ǰղүҺܵ㡣
УллүĵġתŴӸ±ϵܲܶԴ
۹Уնɱһþͱֲꡣظһ顭
Ħ˹Уնɱһþͱֲꡣ
̧ͷָָͿԡ
ͷ۹УǱҲֶ
˵ءôаĶҶϲŹƽ
Ǳ췽˵յЩתȥҴ󲿶ӡ
ûжԴһУĳɹͬģǱҲָܿӣЩǽʦӦɺӸ
˼ǻ׼ǰ


88 
Ǳ壿
·, ˵겻˼øģ²ϵ
ûЩŤһγɼӡ֮ǰĳ, ֻθ﷭ӿһǿʶģܱ߼һж
棺ͱֲʶˡ
ʱΣ, ҵ, ˷ϰƴЩ, ɡʼԱ, ֻҧһһȥ, Ŭͻҡ
ɽǱ򵹵ģ
һ, 漴ɫȻǣҸı, ڣ治֪ʲô, ŪϣЩȫû˶
˽ԽĿͶ
Ҹʲô
ոѹû˵ʲô
ôԸģʵ
ֱӾ˵ļ򵥴ֱ
ϡʱһ²γɣõӦ˵ϡŶࡣ
ȻͽԼɽĲ
ֱаѵ⡣ӦɺԱ߽ͣⶫȥġ
ûʲôսԣָձ֪ͨϸھҵ, Ϊ3s׵, ӦɺŹ⿿һѵ, ҪûʺĴ򷨡
֮ǰAϵõУֱһѵ⣬Ͷֽսֲʱõֱۻڳ֡
Ӧɺӽͣûʲôر뷨ֱֳͳһһ뷨ɧǴĦ˹ɧ
ȼԽߵĻףԽ򵥣3sףֻһĵ׷Ǽ´⡣
ܶû3s׶ѻ֣һ࣬עᱻɢܾͨĳһˮƽ½
ֱӾϱʧȥ滹ʣĸǹؼЩ͵ɶ֮󣬻
Ŷһ꣬ҵתһȦ
Ƴһ˵ĺɣĸ붼ôѶԸ࣬ʱУȻв壬ܹ⿿һѵɽ
Щ³ʡ
Ҫ˴񣬲Ҫɾ衣ι̫򵥣ӵһεδ֪޵ھͱѶȽԱѡ
ȡУնɱ޺ͱֲĹԱذ˴Ħ˹Уղնɱı
ûʲô𣬻ٵģûʲôȻֻܷô͸롣
Ǳ忴Ǹ룬֮ǰǱ߸յ˵Щէһȫ󲻳ĸ롣
Աһ߽ĸϷһ̸߽
ǱĸԱͷűʣһСظ
ĸ֣ڱмʲôԱм󶴣һϧٵòˣ͸͸ģܵôۿۡ
õġհĹԱǱ߸յ۹Уϵ˵ӦǾԶֱִø֪ĸѾ׷飬붼ȫá
ǶһԴǱߵ˻ˡ
ӦǾĸ֪ѾԹֲꣿйԱʵ
ԣ췽Ǳ߿ʼֹػסδֹ⡣
ҿǷֹӦǾŶ֪࣬ôǿˣҲ˭ɣƿֱø֪ˡ
˭֪췽Ǳôġ


89 
ҹͣ, Ħ˹Уûͣץʱǰϡ
СʱǰƽͨԺնɱ޵ĹϷǸλڴĦ˹ǰ档ԼѶУ, ջ
治ֱܿ, ֪Уͬı, ֻѶУȻʧڶУӳԱ², УҲ
Ħ˹Уǰеٶȼӿ죬Ҫǰϵ·ںУ뷨, 
ʵУ͵Ϯֻû˼ȥұ챾塣ƽͨԺΪ·ʱָѸ٣УӳԱ, ұ챾壬ƽͨԺѡ·
Ħ˹У;һ, ȴ꣬ƽͨԺѾߵǰ
ԤͣϢ, бУϵĿ, ȫǰߡڵͼһʾ¥ĵطȦȦ, ׼⣬ټϢ
൱һխ·ΧĽӰǰ, Ҫ״̬, ֻԴ, ȫԱ˻, 첽ǰϣÿСӵλ׵ʦָΧм䣬ֻЬײŢ·淢΢˵
湴ָӵĸ֪һβ̽ΧеصµĶֲ֪겻ԣֻܾܹעصǷ춯
һ·оոϵĿĵء
ⶰ¥ʮ㣬мһ룬һҡҡ׹ڽɫԲҪ¥˵ĸоʱҪ֮ѡΪִ¥ڵͼ϶ɫαʾ
Ĵ¥
ֱӵ춨ͻ׵λã֮ǰͻ׺ͻ׸ռһأ˭Ҳ϶Էǿͻ˿𣬾͵Ļ׺һв޷ӵ¡
Ȼͻ׾ĸĸֱԽͻףΪȡ߳ѻ͡
һ׼С׵ؼĶǲٿͻ׵ˡ۹УļꡢƽͨԺԽˡѶУϰͨԼܵĹעࡣ
ͬʱǸҵţͻױͨҲɻĿںţύһûи߸֪ǮˣôͶʡAײеһƶġ
ڹǸʱǻһİ칫¥ﻷöӣǼҲӹǰᵽ۶ǣӴɳΪһҪͶˡ
ҲΪһ֮һ
ͼЩɫǱʾܾ֮ǰУ˵췽Ϊ¾
棬һָӣȻԹʦûʲôرĳ֮飬ͣĿġ
ͻɽӦɺ¥Уڷ¥һ¥פú󣬵
ɽȾ¥ޣ
ʾýţûУɺ֮ǰ˵ϲڹǴ¥زϣıƵҿˣֻʣⶰ¥ûбƻǽȥ˵ܷʲôö
շ˹˹ô죬󲿷ֽٶܵս
˵ʵд֤Ӧɺѡ
޷粻ˣ·פϢȥÿһ̽
ֱͷĹڣ
ΪĦ˹УָͣϢʲôرĿģǽѰ
֣ţ
ĻԽĦ˹УԱȫ⡣
ͻȻ˷ܣѵĲϣǹصģһǺö
Ҳȥûɽ¡ҲμѰ֮á
治ͬ⣺¥Χʲôɽ״ųɺ
үƵȥѲߡ
˾ôȫע£׼ȥһ״ʦ˵ڴ¥Ĳϡ
еطͷװͷλʼָ㣬УᾭЩطפװϵģ־ôͷλûϹ̶
ַ¥˴¥ռûлʩչռ䣬췽װͷҲû˷ʱ䡣
˭֪Ħ˹У飬ΪһСϢ¥ȥѰ
ȻôѰϹۿֱĹڻǱĦ˹У̼ˣֱͷǲС
ӺӦɺӡɽˡ
ڣô죿
Ҳ죺ǲˣ
ûСһ䣬Ӧɺӿʼһ¥
ͷӦɺȷһ
˵ֱͷǰĹڣֱֳļλԱһͷˮʱȥϢˣֻʣϰӦݣڿҹֱֳڶ۰ͰͿԱǽ˵
ӦݣľУںúϢĦ˹˾Ͳֵܰ㣿
ҪͷϰɰͰͿڣһ׵ս⣬ĶʵڲĦ˹УЩ˵֮
Ӧݣšһ3sָӣҲȫס
ֱֳĦ˹УֱͷǰĹڣ˯Ҳˣ۾ֱͷŲǽϣ
˿ȫڹۿĦ˹УֱĹڣԿһھͷڡ
3212ǡ
Ƥڴ˯Ӣѣһۼͷһ⺢ô£˵ġ
ֻžͷЦһ£˺
˲׶žͷЦǶЦ˵ģǲݽȥ
ڵڶ죬ɧַ˼һЦҲ˿Ͽĵһǹ
˳ͷ췽Դת
ӦɺӶﲻ֪ʲô͵췽ֱԴת¥ڲ
ֱֳ˿ڰ죬¥ˡ
Ӧݺϰ죺
ֳͷסУʦߣֻԼڡ
ֻõתһ¥СӦɺæֵߡ
ԡһ¥բ棬ͣ·
ò˵Ĵ¥˽Ǯζ·ڻǺõģֻմ˲ٻҳ
ʱֱͷе¥棬¥ĵһһ£һһ£ʮۡ
ڣϣǵ͵˸įôȥָϳ
ӦɺӺܿ㶨ˣʩʩȻĿ£߽˵ݡ
˵ҲУ
ڵϢĽ泯ͷǱ߿һۣû˵ֱͷԴ
ԴͻԴͬòˣҲûֱͷԴע⡣
ֱֳλԱͬһ뷨һϸ
˵7ǹϲ֣ȥǲ¥Ӧɺվڵڵ
㻹ͦ¡Ҳѹûʲôʵʵݡ
ӦɺЦˣҺ͹Ǿǰͬѧϴڡ
˽3sʦֶڵ۶ǣѧУ༶Լָʦغʼߡ˭ûСʱ֮ǰҲСͨûʲô
ǾиţƵȣСʱȻƲסҪͱҫ
Ҫڵķءɽĵ
ӦɺŤͷɽ
Ѱѣô˵ڷءӦɺӺɫҹû⡣
ӦɺӼֱ׳ҵˣҲһ
ݿˣ߳ȥһңܶû
ʵҾӦò̫УǹǾġӦɺӵôʱ䣬Щ¥Ӧҵˡ
¥ӦǻʦĹңһյ󷿼䣬Ķʱˣǻвٷֽ
ʱĹֽлʦдһЩ߰ķϻͻ޹أѹֻ⡣
ûԼĹ䣿Ӧɺӡ
¥ӦɺǾ˵ڼ嶼ϰߣõĻʦ߲㡣
ҵߺŷ䣬գһŷֽûС
ûʲôرġɽһȦ
ӦɺΧǽһȦҲûʲôرģȥĵط
վڷͨ棬ͻȻԱˣûŵʲôζ


90 
ʲôζɽ߹, ûŵκζ
վԭأţζ
ⶰ¥ʱû˽֮ʬ塣Ӧɺ̧ͷ컨ϵͨڣֵطС
ֹζ, С˶, û˵
ԱҲӦ, һʱ7ŷ伫Ϊ, ӦɺӿڣϷֺ󣬰Ųκζ, ֻˣ
ָ߷ӹ֣˿һӣֻ¶Ŀɷ֣Ųκرζ, 
ֱֽȡ£ſеζɽͬȡ, ԱӦɺӳּ飬δ𻵡
վڶһ, ȷһɻϸζ, 洫
ӦɺҲ᣺ ûŵ, 
ҲĽͣĿǰиҪһ£Ϊʲô֣ŵζ
֡ɽԼֺֽܲŵ
ãûС
ûŵκζɽ֮, Ҳ
˾ȥ, ܷܲʲôرġְʮ, Ҳⶰ¥ܵ¥, ϣ¥ѾбʱҪӡ
ŵˡݵ档
ɽӦɺûɣǳ3sҽܳΪʦ˫޵ˣ¡
һ߳ȥֱ֣վţŤͷĿͶһط
ųӦɺҲȡ֣ץʱš֪Ϊָоζƺ
Ź
˭Ӧɺһʱ벻
Ǳߴģɽ߹ȥбµĴ¥ϰ벿֡
ͷ档
˳бȣߣŲɣӦɺӱм䣬ֱۣûŵع
Ӧɺӣ
ûбʾ飬Ϊûд֣ڲж
档̧ͷһ۵
ʩչֻȥǹζԴ¥ϡ
Сʱ57ͣ¡
Ҹо㡣֣ǵҡ
㽨Ѿ˹˿һš
ԽԽˡʾת䳯һ¥ȥ
Ǵ˿¥һǽϣʮң̧ͣͷ£
һţ򲻿
ӦɺӶ£ֲԱߵ֤ϵĻң¶ԭģ̧ͷ
ҲŶ£ܴܲ򿪣
Ӧɺӵ˼£֤ˣԴӦǺʹ¥ԴֶͫοͿ
ѡοͿ
һ˵ҵĿ
֥鿪šʶðһ䡣
ӦɺӺͻɽԿȻ仰е֡
ʧܣλᡣһ˵
ˣ
Ӧɺ룺ţ
ʧܣһλᣬûá
ɱţ
վԱߵĻɽһͷˮοͱ˲һƮƮˣѵӦŬ˼ʲô
ٳûеοʧܵĻ𣬵ҲûпΪԴľͻȻˡ
ɽȻ濪ˡ
ʱһ仰ǿг˹ʮּġ
ӦɺӡԭĴʦģһһ֡
ֿ㶼뵽ɽ˸Ĵָ
üӦΪʲôֿ
վŲ࣬ͷڿȥס֮ǰķ״̬һգ˿̷ɢĵϹ⡣
ôʱ䣬Ǽ칫ܳһʱ䣬ʲôҪĶӦöǴˡһ̽̽һ봿ģɡ
棬ȥҪȥ
𡣡Ӧɺȵȡ
ܸоԼҪָĻ˵
ɽһűȥ￴ȥࣺǹ
ӦɺȥڣԭǱǽһ棬Ϊ¥ᵹɵ棬컨ǽǳһɫ͸Ģ
ӦɺӣҾǿҪꡣ
ʲôûס
ӦɺҲ˵ֱȥ
ɺӣɽʶȥ
Ӧɺȥֱɫ͸ĢСֿٽժ£װսڣͻɽߣֱӽףӣ
ͻɽҲûʣ˳䣬ܳ¥ֱԭطųס
ôһֱӰѰ¥Ūˡ
һ¥̿սģʽӴ˳
棬ǿȥյ㣬군ˣ
һϣӦɺ̺
Ǹʲôʵ
ײڵӦɺѾͷ󺹣ٵҵһҺĢˣ˵
ڼҺĢ˲ԼɵĽѧʱֻǴӦɺҲûע⡣
˲һ·޸ٵ·ŴĦ˹У
ֱֳλԱüŴĦ˹УǱߣҲҺĢʲô
λԱʱ̨ȥɹ
ʮ֮ͷܹЬӶֻһֻҺĢģ
ӦָָǽϴĦ˹УľͷǶ֪˭ϡ
ֻܿܣͷԼý嶩ĵֱƵԿطţǰſһֱӦɺ˵Ļ
ƣɶ˵ΪеŭǶӦɺӣȻӦɺ֪ҺĢ͸õ֪ͨǹȥգڸʲôһʦڱѡԼУУںεأ
Ӧݺϰ컹ǲɵŭ
ҺĢڵҺײϣֻҪһαûչԺԵõַӣﵽһƷʣҺͬʹȼƽ󣬳ͣڵըе޶ᳯǱȥ
Һֻ޺ͻЧãҲ޷˵ĸ֪֮ûгֻСֶʦ֪ҺĢ
ֻΧϣǵʱŲζ졣
רҺĢĺӣǣҡ
̨һɧԣ˻ɻҡ
Ħ˹УʦǴʱһ鲻һ
ɺΪʲôô³çֶԼժˣô죿
ûôŪҺĢֶֻٲֻʦֻ֪ӦɺǻʦȻġ
ҲǣúϢУҪȥʲôѰԳˣ
ⳡβˣֻϣƽѾȥûκУԾԻᳬǿƷΧ
ʦֻҪһ뵽յ֪Ϣľѧβͱѣͱ죡
һۣǵ֪ӦɺôĿġ
Ϊһ3s׵ֲϣʵƱصõ
̫ðˣѾвط
ڣ۹У
ӦǾĳһۣתԱǼӿٶȥյ㡣
꣺ޣ
ֱȥյ㡣ӦǾгԱ·

ʱޣֲӦҲûСʾ˿ͣ¡
ӦɺóҺĢý汣ܣͬʱø֪ϣֹܷζȫԱɱֻսģʽ
ܽԼףƽ٣ԼĻײգռ
ҡӦɺӸú󣬿˽ȥ꿰ķƻˡ
ӦɺûҺĢýϼ⣬ȻԽ˽ͣҲ˵ͷ̹ôʱҺĢɢζҽȥ֤ʱ䲻޷֡ʻס
۹У֮ǰ˲գΪʡԴͬʱƽʻԸ·ʱʦڳʱ䣬һЩҪ¡
Ħ˹У·׺󣬲ٿػ׵ĻӦɺӡ
˵ӦɺΪܸ䣬ֻһ䣬ͻȻҺĢûбҪô졣
ʱӦɺɽߵĿΣص㲻ҺĢҲû뵽һҺĢô졣
ǲǵţҺĢܻ𽥸ܣʧ˵Ľ䡣ЩţЩǽһǹģ˭Ҳ벻ҺĢ컨ǽǴ
ҺĢʱ̫ҳɼһֱû˼ûϵܸҺĢӡ
ֱǸղŲһ鲻ףһԴĸ֪Ӧɺϸ˵š
ǿǲಿλķףвõһ顣

ʱԽĥ
Ϊ˲ҺĢζɢ潨֪ѾޣӦɺӵָ£Լĸ֪÷׺Դõĺڡ
ڹԼ·ѪӦɺӡ
ҺĢŽȥԡ
ԱҺĢĢͷ͸ģɫҺڻһŵĹâ
ƿĿ⣬ҺĢŽڡ
ôܲŵζӦɺʵ
ҡͷһ


91 
ʱκú, 췽Ǳ߸ԴĹԱ¶档
Ħ˹УҪҪҺĢһԴԱȰǻʦӦ֪ҺĢĿ֮, ڽǴȥ, ϿԶžŵҺĢζ, ǲܼ, ܶһԴ
óȥ, ޣӦɺӷʣǵޱȹ, ҪΪһҺĢ뱩У
ôط޶һطӿ, ûд;, ϵ˿»Ϊ.޿еʳ
ԱɴʦѾȥκ, ʱҺĢá
ء治ͬ, Ҽǵñ涨208ڴڼУǷһԴԸѡѡ񲻶һ
ʼУնɱ޽ԼɲãһϵͳŽγ, 췽֯ȡһ, һԴУ, ԱڵͿʹá
, ǴһЩϡ
ԱĦ˹У, һ, 罻ǶһԴ, ⳡӮϣ
˵˲ǲ, ô⣿ͷǾҲ
ԱϣǲҪڡ
ԱϷ뿪⣬Ӱ塣
ߺӦɺӲŵʱκеЧֻ죬֮ÿһӶ޹
һʱκУɽʵ
ӦɺҡͷҺĢζ⣬ʱκʹùһΣЧ
ʵӣûҺĢָãķֵģûκУ
ӦǹǰĹң컨ǽϣһǽʲôĳɷ֡Ӧɺӽͣȥʱҹ۲ţʣؼڼвʣиá
ʱκڲмвԼĸ֪ʱڸҺĢζ͹Ǽ乤ͬԭ
Ǽ乤ҵǽмвӦñʣҺĢζЧֻӦɺӲ²⣬һƻмʽӴڵ绷ʧЧ
ȻղյĹԱ˵ǰȥκУӦɺӻɹǼ乤κеķŴ档
㲻ɵķ˿ҲһֱΪĿŬֱܶ춯صĿ̿࣬˸ɾǮһķŴκ̫򵥲
ӦɺӻȥʱĢոճ죬ʱԽĢɢζԽŨԽӦɺֻҪһ뵽ǳ棬󺹶ˡ
ġһ㲻Ҫꡣ
ӦɺӿһԱߵļˣ΢
ժժˣɡ
ټ״̬ȫǰҲҪ࣬ƱޣҵʱԽյ㣬߽Խ׳֡ڿʼӴҺĢȫٸյ㣬Ȼʱ޻ᱻУں߽ܿ޿ֵܳλãǺǱ־룬˷Դ
ʮڲڵȫԱ״̬ȥյ㣬û㹻Դֱӳ֡
ѧУӽˡ뿪ǰǾº󷽣ҪȺС
Ӧעⰲȫ
˽ڣȫٳյȥͬʱԴڴġ
ں档
մϵζġӦɺӺ⣬ҺĢ˽⣬ڴȥһ仰ô࣬ƵֻûҺĢôԴƣҲܵõʱҺĢոճ죬ζûôŨңմζƻһЩSޡ
Ƕ̫øҺĢճ죬ζŨЩ߽ûеõȷϵ£ð뿪ԼأʱκʧЧʱҺĢζӿֳѡ
ֻĳЩζеS޻ðճ
ߣ׷˵ü˼ǰС

ЩԾ·ʱվһѽõ
Խų.ǹۣʲôԾ
۹Уҹûκζ·ʱü۹Уǰ漸նɱޣѻԴһκУࡣҹȫûϢ
Ϣʦ²⡣
·ʱҡͷһ£ЩSƺĳۼ
ָӵĸ֪ǷΧҲÿһ·ʱܸ֪ǰSڲӡ
۹УõֶΡԽ˵һУӳԱ㵽Ⱥβ⡣
·ʱ׳Ĭ˵ֻоʲôС

⣬ͬƽִ
ǴĦ˹Уͱô¨ӣһ㲻ãڵУ£Ƕ£ѶУʦǻŭӣαΣĦ˹УУǰ档
һԴĦ˹Ūִ˵еĲϸеʣһΪĦ˹ʱκһʧЧи߽޹ȥܴĦ˹ǻƱػᵲסѶ·
УͬѶǱߵ˵ѧ¹³çȫУˣֲԸ⽫ҺĢһԴƽ׸˴ΣգαƱҪӦĴۡ
⻰˵˼˫ֻأϴЦҪУǲѧˣǴĦ˹УҪȥοʣ꿴Ҳû˵ԼУʲô鷳ôֵǴĦ˹ǾͲԸˣ
ƽͨԺʦʲͬΪӡѧóȻõҺĢԸһԴѾвǡ
˵ˣǾǼʡЦƾԼҵҺĢҲһǹ֮ڵ¡δ֮УһЩԴ󣬺ñǹϷ֣
ƽͨԺʦüҺĢһԴĦ˹УƱܵõ൱͹۵ԴԺΪ棬ǹƽסԴУһϷҲǴĦ˹һݡ
λҪǣҺĢǴģǹǼҵĶ۹Уһλʦ
Ƕ¥ڹڣڹǼңҺĢҲǡʦ
ڴĦ˹УУлֵ۹УõҺĢƱػȫ빫ǼС
ԼλʦȿҲ¡
Ǽҵٴγǲֻܸϵյ㣬ϵˣҲǳ
ʲô˼
ʲô˼κ֮ǰҺĢԲֱֳܳǵһ̤ƽĵطǼҵȻ˶Ҫۡ
УʦòɿֱϵУ;
Сӳ嶯ģǴʦһúýѵĦ˹Уϡ
ܲܳǸ⡣Ѷʦ˵ͣȴûҵ˶һ
ƽͨԺľǴĦ˹УһֱԵϣܸӦۣԺһιͶ
˲䰲ɫ졣
綨УΪȻѧûΥ棬ͲʲôȲȱԵĻĦ˹λʦĹĻУɫΥûΥ棬ʣмشλϤ֪
ʱ۹УǱƵ٣̧ͷһ㶣ǼԪԪ˧
˭Ҳû뵽۹УľǼԪ£һ۹Уռλľ쵼λ
Ԫɫ󳯻ڵ˾
ʦ
˵ˣոմսǸˡԪѵףĦ˹УЩûʲô˭ôõĲ϶֡
Ұ
ҺĢ˭õ˭áǵΪоУΣֱںѶУУԪ³Ħ˹УΣϡ


92 
ʱʧЧ, ҽֹ֪ܼܲҺĢζй·ϣ治ʵ
Ӧòܣҵʱժ, ҺĢѾ, 48Сʱ, һʧЧ, Щסζɱͷų
֮ǰ潨ҲֻڸǶ, ҺĢ͸һ3sָӵϲٷֹй
S޶ԽԽˡɽɵϿյ
һ·, ϲһҺĢζ;󲿷SޣºγSȺ
ǡڻײ˼, ֵ۹Уܳʱû, ȫ۹ĸ
˼·, ;ûϢʱ, ֻڻײշֱ˼֧ӪҺ
ѾȡһֽţҲһ룬ֲٿػףﻹŰӪҺ
⻹һκ3sרӪҺ, ò˵ǰԼѧУͨAӪҺҪ̫ࡣ˲䲹3s, õ
ζͦá
ҽӪҺҲͬ, ֮ǰҽ˵̫, Ҫ޸, ӪҺ˲ʡÿ, ˲ܵ

ڹۿֱͷĹڿһ, ֪ΪʲôֻһϹȥ, ۹УʹĦ˹Уʼյ㡣
۹Уֱ䡣
ȥ˯ˣ˭ܸ֪۹УڸʲôôͻȻˣҪԴˣ
ǴĦ˹УӸˣҲûֱ̫
֪ģȥĦ˹Уֱطţҹ216ֿʼ
ûжĴĦ˹УֱƵûк˽һԭ򡣡
֮Ħ˹Ū˱ǰУһˮҲΪʲô۹УͻȻˣѵӦǾѾֵزʲôӲĸ֪
˵Ħ˹УǻҲжö˶˰ҹͻȻ˵ҪȥѰйʦµıôŵıʱ̣УϢʱ䶼Ҫ㣬ǾȻʲôѰ
ؼǻ汻ҵ˱
һţһһʱ䲻֪˵˭ɧ
ֱĹϵӽǣȻ֪ҺĢʲôñ۹УʹĦ˹УˣϴĦ˹УӱһSȺУķ˿ǻˡ
׷׻صԼϲУֱڣƴŵĻͷ˾ܿһ㡣
㿪һֱ䣬ǣ
ӣӣ
ôڴޣܰٲܱȺס·
ˣܣѵ㣡۹У쵽յ
ȻУǰԼĦ˹Уܿпָ߽ܳ޵·ǰߡ
һСʱʱʧЧ˵ս׼
ǲ߲ȫٸ·յ㻹кܳľ룬ٰٶȣֻҪ4СʱܵڴҪʱ˵á
ҺĢڽĲûбƻзõĻףλ׵Ӧɺӻм䣬ٶûзŻֶֻ˼֧ӪҺܡ
ÿһӶǼ尾ŹۿֱĹҲžͷҴ
۹Уˡϰ쿴мľͷ۹УѾִյ㸽ӦǾΪʲôҪնɱޣֱȥյ㣿
͹һ벻ͨӦǾ̫ˣʱûиϴĦ˹У
ӦǾ֪ڵĵزԸܵ޵κ춯־⡣ӦݿϵķӦȷʵ̫죬ӦݽԼǸλҲҪʱѡ
˵ѧҲգָӣϤս󣬻ͻȻһԤУߵĵС
ڣӦǾֱü֣䲻⣬ÿλãսꡣ
վŲڵ档ֻĻײûжء
ȻһѿѸӿ
ͻȻһӰԾֱס룬һ
3sޱȴг֡
ֱֳ;ͷǰĹڵһͷ3sޡˡ
޴һͷͻܣӲӴȴһС֮ǰѧУԸıֻñط죬䲻֮ǰǼ֣ٶȻǼ϶Ҫǿ
Ĭվԭأֳ̫䵶Χƺ˲ᡣ
ֱֳĹûп弧ĶҲûмͻܲӵıʲôʱĸ룬ֻӰһжѵĸڵϡ
ǶѵĸڵŤ죬Žֹͣ
ͻĴͳѧʽͬеĶֻ͸һϢɱ

߹ۿ۹УյսĹڣýŴ̼ǱߴĦ˹УֱĹҲѶãĵʱ˶ڽŵš
һӡʾǼǰ١
ЩŵζӦûҪһʱܸϹֻҪọ̈̄죬ȥӦþûˡ
ҪȥκУ·ʱ䣬죬ڲκβ¡沢Ϊô򵥣ǵյ㣬ӣûлҲΪܳȥ
۹Уնɱһͷ3sޡظ
ǡӦɺ㲥ȥյ㸽
̧Źʯͷصĸоôٶȵյ㸽ǵ۹УһȫٿסӳɺӱҺĢ춯Ѿԡ
ͬƽͨԺǱߡ
·ʱ㲥󣬿򣬻Ȼûնɱޣֱȥյ㣡
ٶȣҪǰвܵ
һʲô¡·ʱ׿϶ҪϹȥ
ʲôԭӦǾƽͨԺڲ
УָҲͬӦ
ѶУָӸѧۣʲôӦǾȡԴ
УָӸ˼۹Ħ˹УҲһֱûж˿ģʽȫǰС

ʱʧЧһ롣
ԲۣʲôζүڻײڸŻζһʬζ
ʱһʧЧҺĢѻζʱɢ죬ڵĸ߽޶Դ˷ӦҲ쳣졣
ҺĢһײڵĽ棬ֱĻ
ܵ˺ģֶ޷׹˳ҺĢӿζ̫̫ܼ
˿̣ԭķΧȻһ䣬ø֪ܲ𶯣ĳۼ
У˽ס
Ǿ
֮ǰնɱ3sޣ۹УѸٸϵյ¥ӦǾʻڴ¥ϣվƽ̨ϣٳûְ죬Ŵ¥·ڰ
һֱڣޱ
ӦǾƳ·ļ꣬оУ˲ǵĶ
۹УԱԴû飬ӾֱߣʱܰΡȻ³볡ʱʱйأʱᰴ㣬ǵһҲ޷
ǰ۹УҲɹƽͨԺʾ

ܵޣϷɵޣѹѹһȺգĦ˹ӷӿ
ԲԲۣΪʲôЩô죿Ťͷһʱʻͻ״ڵñ죬һߴ󺰣ֳĢ
ɽ˶ԣĢʲô
棺죬ʡ滹ӲҪ򡣡
үܲζ˵ôˣƫҪ
ɱУٷϻҰѳĢӵײڡ
ʱ缦
һ˳޶߸ϵʱ䣬Ӳյǰһξ롣
ͷȸ
ӦòҼաͣͷϵֻޣүûء
ս¶ˡɽֱۣعˣҲȥս
վԭأȺ޹
ŽӦɺӼǰֻû߶Զи߽סǵ·
ʦǵͳƺĿ˽̣ЩҪһԴޡͷԿкһ䣬ٿػֳϷ˸ġ
ڸ߿еԴԱ
ܻܲһ⣬ɧġ


93 
ֱֳ, УʦѾصԼλϡ
нţµ˫ֿһ𣬱滹ǵĺܡ
Ҫôһء
ִܵȺ, Ժ󻹻ԽԽࡣ
ڵˣԱߵʦ
˵Ѿڻ·, ǳŵ賿ӦþС
賿һ, Ÿոհȥ
ٶȡԱʦ, ֪Ǳô, κһ·͹Լ;תϻ
ɵĺ, ʼǴɳǣʹĦ˹Уһ𡣺Ҷȥ, ȥ, УɵŲ, ȥԽӿоƬһ߰ڴĦ˹У, жȫҴߡ
澭չڲҲϷֻɼɣҲǴ޷⡣ĸңʱһڲȻֻϵ, ˭ǿ˭ĻȨ
ĿǰȨһɣȨ, Ƿ֧, ƾԼһ·, վڵλ, ñҶ, µĶ, Ҫ
ҪԻȥ, ;֪ʲôһֱŶˡ
ڡ
ӦɺŬԼķףҪװȥ
ڽ棬ڸλ׵֪ϣȻ챻ײڵҺĢѬιȥ
Ǳûã
εԾ𣬳Աλ
ӦɺҲջش𣬡ԡ
ͷҲ֪Ǵðģ࣬ƤҰųû̹
ϡ
㿪ͺƤ޵Ĺ󵶿ͷȴֻһײڽϵ

һԼĴ󵶣ܺãû
ͷӲޡ
׼ͷ޿ɹĵϣһ룬ٴλӵͷ
һΣͺƤ޽Ĳֱˡ
棺аɣֽ
ͺƤ޹ҲûԤϵԼӲĲλƻʱвԷ
ֻûͷβ󿪴ϹޣûжԻκηء
3s߽ޣһ3s׵ƵòϺˡ
ھͺƤצϮʱٿػϥɣȫƽУĹϣͷһӡ
𣡡
ͺƤ˺󣬲ɷͺ׼Ȼ³һࡣ
ֻһźӰԼ˹Ծ𣬶
ڵϣճҺ
ŤŤӣŬԼ侲
ԾͺƤޣһһ׶ӣͬʱԷ
ڻһʱͺƤȻԾҪ˵ͬʱһԾȾͺƤ޸ߣסŴ󵶵֣˲ֳѺϵ
ڿգ˫ɿϵ漴סѣŲھͺƤޱϣѵֱ
ͺƤޱȵڵأȻ˫һβһת
޷ʧȥ
ɹһͷ߽ޣһѪ»ֽš
ߣ
Ӻϴ˵ѪŽӦɺӼյϡ
߽ԽԽˡɽ󣬺һߡ
Ӳ֣ǰһ·ԽԽࡣ
Ҳ˴ӦɺѾԼǿǿָԭȷ״̬Ҳû۹Уִյ
Ҳûڸʲôʽ棬ָӣ֪֪ʲôԭ򣿡
֪ϸ߽ޡ
ôңȣһյ3s޻һͷ֮䣬ֻиѶֶͷ3s߽ޣǸֱ߽ޡ
棺ٲҲȲڡ
ˢˢһĸ߽׷ǣʱʱдǰޡ
ӪҺʱ䶼ûУϵֽˣɱѪ£ֻǰޣеס·޶Ҫɱ
Լ
Ų״Ժгѡ
ۣѹ˫յԸǰޣŽӦɺӼǰߡ
˿ʼһһյŲš
ʱĦ˹ֱûκεĻйڶڰսһѣҪôޣ޳أ
˶ں޵ս˼УûעеĵѸһǳǳİ˪

ͬʱУӽȫٸյ㡣
ƽͨԺ죬֮Ѷ档
޶һطߡ·ʱջظ֪۹Уյ㣬޸ȥĵطƺյ㡣
ԽˣĦ˹У
·ʱ׵˵ͷֻǡ۹Уڻδ죬֪Щûйϵ
ϵ֪֮Խޱ
鳬ƿطΧ֮ڡ
ԭǰƽͨԺԺй㣬ֻԸ꣬·ʱ׸ӦǾɵĻӮµ۹У
ͻȻðһĦ˹УԼǸͻȻð
Խ˲ٿػ׼ۣһΣôĦ˹УƽͨԺǰ档


94 
ǡȺվڴ¥Զڰȥ, վⶼܸе𶯡
ô߽ޣ㲥˾ͽʶĦ˹УЩ˷˰ɡ
̩ΪУܱУվں󷽻ӦǾ, Զȥ, ֪ΪʲôоºѲ˹ϵ
AܸѶȥƽͨԺ, ɹУ, ͻȻ3s췭ظͲ
̩¶ݵ˭Ҫ뵱3212ҲǸ֮, Ϊ۸ˣϣ챻ѹŴ
˵۹ΪѹŴϰ, ƽʱŰս, ǿʦȥ, С
², ˵˶ᡣ
̩վУǰ, 벻֪ǾУܲõܹھͰͬѧһѹ˵۹͵͵ѺһʴĦ˹У
̩³ǰָӿһ, Ӧûǵ۹ӮɣУҲȫԱ3s, ָӿǳ3sĴڡܲB3s, ٴһ, ֲǴ

ȥ˾ͽλͷӦǾûзԣֱӴӴ¥һԾ£׹ҹһзſգֱԶȥ
˾ͽμʻзȺǱ߷ɣսŷǰˣȻֻдĦ˹Уӡ
ǵ۹УˣϳԼĵǲ죬Ϸء
ˣ
漸˷ӦһᣬŲԶ˾ͽεĳȻ
ɽ˫ŵڷ޸ڿзתȦͻ׵ˡ
ûСŶ޳漴ڿգ¶ϵغλãԸһޣͣ㲻ǣУ̫࣬ǲ֡
ʱ˻ʵѾдСС˺ۣƫƫһлͿʼ졣
ֱڼùǺ
Ǳ죬˵ˣʡ滹ôޣ
Ϊʲôһ㶼ţҿĶˡ
˵Ǵ˶೤ʱ䣬Сʱ߸Сʱ
ûע⣬Ӳյ㸽ˣѾܿ¥

˾ͽηڰգǻһξ룬һᣬתҪȥ㱨
ھߣ᣿ôޣȷҪ˾ͽҪߣǱߺԴء
Ѿת˾ͽ䣺Ħ˹Уûɣ
Ťͷ·˿ֲԾ㣬񡭡ǿԶҲԴ
зչᣬյ㣬˾ͽ̤¥ǰ˻ףӰ£ϥء
ֱӦǾǱȥǴĦ˹Уӡ
꣺ֻӣ
˾ͽεͷûУӣָƺʲôЩһֱǸȥ
վµӦǾ̧ŵʲôζ
һ㶣ֱ֣¶жУһ᣺
һ꿪һΣ滷ӣжţЧ˸ζʼһ˿޵ζδ⣬ֻ
Ħ˹УܵõʲôòϡǾüΪʦ֪ȻζޣԽޣ˵ֲƷԽߡ
ϿʼޱӦǾȻ֪Уֻһ˲䣬֪޵ŵҪ۹Уȸϵյ㣬Է⡣
һλǵ۹У
⣬֪ʲô춯
Ҫ𣿡˾ͽֱӵ
ءӦǾ̨վڴ¥ԵǼȻҴŲյ㣬˭ˡ
ϴĦ˹£˾ǲҪԽһ
ӦǾʹǾ֪ĲУһֲϢ
ǾûָյߣͻȻһĦ˹УǰΪʲôûնɱ޶һβϵĶ
ƴԸԴԴϵޣͼʲô
ǡһûкʵκС
չڣҲκеģҪô²ϣҪôǺһûеĲϡ
Ǿ˿̲˺˾ͽͬ뷨ƣڶԸޣʱ֣һᡭ
ӦǾ̧֣ʾ˵˾ͽȥնɱޣ3s
˾ͽһ㶣Ҫȥ
߽޳ϣǰǻԴʱʲô
˾ͽΣûСֻٹȥеûӣ䱻ǸĦ˹˵֮

ױȥӰ˫۷Ӧɺڻײڿ˵Ļʵʱݣһᣬޡ
ʲôޡ˫ת첽ǰ޼ݶϣڻײڣ
ֻҪһͣ£ޱ˷ΧѾǵڼΧȦ
ԱɽڿжԸޣ˵ޣǰ濪·
ҧҸʱ޺á
˫ŵѣȲһϵ˲Ϊεͷ߽м䣬ⲩϽѪ ӣ
䣬ǰޱͻȻԭشת
죡
Ǹ֪
ڼ£ǿжø֪ȥޡ
ӦɺȴӻײΧȫޣһ̲ٿػףܵߡ
ָӶô𣿡һ߾ܱޣһŽ
öֱ֣Ӷ֪޶ý
ԭԱĽˣҲֹ⶯ӾܸµļܣЩĳĳޣ̫ˡ
ӦɺæŸֳףֶƳӰˣѹ˵
ˣӦɺӴǱߺ
ײڽһ԰ջظ֪ǰޱ˲䳯Ƿ񹥻
Ӧɺǰ棬εһ˦ֱ˺ϵһǰ·
ºͼ˲ƴڻʵڻײڣıѪʪ죬ʼգûֹͣս
Ҳûзɹ
ֱֳ
ӹ󡣡ӦžͷڴĦ˹УӣҲ֪˵ѼϼܵĽ棬ǲͣһᣬֱӳ׸λά޵Ӧɺӡ
ζԴĦ˹УԣӦںϰָѾʼϸ֪ˡ
֮
ڴĦ˹ʦǱߣѾ侲ʼжȣͣ㡢㣡
סУӵߣһţ侲㣬ء
ڣҲŽš
̫ˡ
һᵣԲһֵͻȻ¡
۹У˵ˡͷžͷ
ֻ˾ͽβûֱڴĦ˹УǱߣȥԱߣӺ෽ɨޡ
Уǻˡѵȥ޵ƤëϲøɾѪ۹УЩôطŹôõĻᡣ
ȥ죬Ҫǡ濴ǰ濪ʼӵޣͻȻ죬ڶҪϹˡ
֪ˡͷյ¥ȥ¥վŵ۹УˣЩ
£ʼĴ󵶣ųĵѣ˫յ¥ȥں󷽣ɱޣɱΪأһǰ
ĵе˼Ǿվڴ¥Զ¿һ֪Ӧɺ


95 
յ㸽Ѿ۹Уһ, ҪԸûкĶ࣬ҲùܽӦɺӣٶԽ, յ¥ҲԽԽ
ָӣǾʶӦǾ, Ҫˡ
Ħ˹У׵ҲȻסǵ, ú޹
ӦǾӸſ嵽¥, ڣһǵġ
ͷ¥ϵӦǾͻȻתɱ˹ޣл, ĵأ
ôԶл׵Ǿܸܵſʶȳ
Ŷ׷һͷ3s޵ס·, ˺󼸲, ء
Ǿ
ӦǾԶƽͨԺˡ
һ۵ںɱ, תߵ̨껹վڵ۹¡
Ҫ죿ʵ
ٵȵȡӦǾ̧ͷ߿ȥ, صķڻûж
ǰһյ, ߿صķ߿ʼ׼ˣһʼûж
ֱֳ, й൱һעһĻϣվøʢԪ˧Ԫ¡ں͹һ𿴱ǰ, һ
ɴκǰ, ˭ε, Բܴڳ
Χвϣֻ췽ϣŷУǲܴӳڻ
Ԫһ仰оУĳ·
Щ˽ϵϣ¶סΪһľˡ
Ԫ˧ЩǷҪ֪ͨڵĸУѧϰʵ
ԪֱӾܾϢʱø֪ѧҪǵѡЩ˵׻ѡϹͬսǸΪ

ڵѧٲȻ֪ԼҪʲôھҵҵɱޣڳ׼ᣬʻ׿¥
筿¥㣬˻ף£ϥڵ棬ûд֣Ҳɿڼ£ΧƬѪϸлδɺԵѪɸɾĵ۹УǣǱ
Ȼϥ̧ۿһ̣3sս⣬õ۹УгԱԾȫ䱸
ǰβ죿Ұˡ¶׼΢ЦѪĵһ˿޶ɷ
˵ˣһֻǵ۹ӦǾ
һ˵һҪءԼķûд֣֪õ۹˫ǳʲôζ
ſ
۹Уŭˣû˸ҲͷϣƽͨԺֱ˵ƻ
ӦǾӰ죬ԶȥĦ˹Уնɱ֮۹ұڰ죬Ħ˹ڶ
ͣҪ֮Դǵڶ죿ˣǰε
ӦǾջĿ⣬ƺڵʲô
ѹ֮һӦ
Ժ
ղӦǾĻʵͨ˸֪ڶԶ˵ġ
ָף
ôȷһӮǰһӦǾ
̩£ˣô൥ˣѧá
ûеҲӮ
ӦǾͻȻԺУĸ֪ϡ
ϤĽ治ͬһӦǾȻӦǾһΡ
ǶѾѵָӸ֪ڻ׵Ե޷˺ͬ׻׵ָӵĸ֪ų⡣
ָͬ־ϵͳѵ׵ĴԣпܷɣǿĵԼסָӡ
ӦǾ֪ٽԣǳŲȥãҪ޶һԴҪȥͬҵ˵
֮һ
֮
סУζŤŤ󣺡֮һͬ⣬ǵ۹һ
ǾӣѾ赽ˣ
ӦǾãغһֱûд֣жܿһ㹻˿ľġ
һûгɳĳ3sűģҲֲ˺ôܱ¶ݡ
Ҫǹɰһ˱㹻ˣڵʸֻɱ֮
ӦǾ򼧳꣬졣
ָӣԺԥְµ۹졣
̩£ȻˣϷ
̩ͷ죬ˣ۵۹ǴĦ˹ӮԿ
ϲ۹Уɹִյ㡣
̨´Ħ˹죬Źⲥ
һӹȥӹȥ㲥ٳûǵϲ

ͷвУˡͻɽŲסˡ
㲥ĹԱͷ鳤ҪҪӦ
鳤ȥϵʡ
֪ʲôѾȲֱ¥ڰнףǱ߱ȥ
ѾΧȦˣȦڲСֻɱȥ
ʲô
ղǵڵ۹УĹ㲥һɱȥ֪״ɣڶٳδڶ
ˣûӦޱ鶢ΧޣеĵûпչһΣÿӶһνԴѪ
ˣӦɺдŲײĽ
ղŵ۹Ĺ㲥ˣˡü߿ĳ鲻ԣ۹УҲûߡ
ʼûӰ
֮ǰԱ˵ȥκС֪ǵһһҪ죬ڻû
ӦɺӣǻҪż죿
ǲ֪ҵǱʶΪȵյ㣬֮ӣǿԽҺĢŽκСɻûζǻܳȥ
ɺӣΪֹûæ濴Χ޵
ԡ
滹дĦ˹УʦţһΪȡ棬ڹ㲥ûгԮԱҲû
۹УǱҲûСӦɺע⵽һͷ𽥱ΧסĻ˾ͽΣ
ɹĶ飬ޣնɱޣپ콫ѧӳȥ
ûǡ
Ħ˹УʦСĵ۹УʦΪѧȡ棬ȫ˵ͨ
Ҫô¡Ҫôд档
ֻһ˳棬оУʦ
ʲôЩԱأ˾ͽδ㲥󣬱㿪ʼ˹һ˶ûг֡
¥ǱȥƺӦǾվڶԵ
ΪʲôûзǾͷŸ߿գûй㲥Ħ˹Уˣô¡
ʱ㲥ͻȻ𣺡ڴĦ˹УѰϣòζ쳣ޱݲšľУԵƬ̣Ϊڳڿǰǻնɱޣɼһ
ΪʲôĦ˹ûй㲥
ӦǾĿԶ޻ڲӣԪ˧棬Ħ˹У˴ϡ
Ԫ˧㶣ʲô󲮳棬֮ǰڵ۶ǳ棬ҲΪУ3s̫ࡣ
㲥͸¶Ϣ˼ɴĦ˹Уϣһֱ޹Уʱȥ컹ͳնɱ
Уȫѡ·Ȱ죬ڱԵɱޣڴĦ˹
ͻȻӦǾǸӦʲô޳еȥ


96 
һ˲ӦǾĸ֪ٴ, ּջأ֮ǰѵ޼ɵͷŸ֪Щ
ô, ֻ֪ԽԽܴ̼
ӦǾվڴ¥, Ⱥеˣڱ¶

濴ŷɱ, ʧȥκʽ, ż볡ǰʦҪͷôôʧȥǡ
֪ȶǿȥ, ٺһ
û¡һֱɱȦųеƣϵ۹ˮ׵Ǳߡ
ڽŵҺĢָжġӡ, , ޾ߡ
˿һŹ, յ¥ߣҿУƵùǡ
ˡɽֱӵ, ƽͨԺں, һˮ
ĹڣüһԪ˧̿϶ˣĦ˹УҪоУˮ, ǿŽᡣ
Ǳ߻ɱУ˾ͽѾȦ, ͻȻŽɱ, ͻɽԿ, 糱ˮ޶ʱΧ˹
˾ͽӵܵķҲάֲסһϲնɱۼԴĸ߽ȫΧ
Ҫȥ𣿡ʡ
ӦǾɫȥ
۹УȫԱս״̬Ǳ߸ȥ
ӦǾվǰվڼ꣬ǰУӡ޲ˣҪͷˣȴֵĻᶼûУֱӱ֪ԡ
۹УΧֱӦǾƣָӻǻ׵ͬһɽڴһſǷΧһսСͳһɱ
ڼܱ꣬ո3sޡ
ǹˡɽһֱڰжԸޣһ۱㿴۹Унٶȡ
Ĳ˵ӦǾȷʵǳ3sָˮ׼ԶУָӡ
˫źϵɱԽ࣬ϵİ˪Խö࣬ӵʱ
ʱֿʼ꣬вûܿ
ӦɺӶŲٿݣֽȻдеĿɳɳԡĵõ̫ˣѾвļ
ͬʱҲڼӦ筣֪Ϊ֪ȼߣͬʱΪһ׼ʦԵʣӦܻ̫ˡ
˿ʽԽԽңѾʧȥ侲Ӧɺһֱ׵ݣԶԱȷÿһж̽׵ļޡ
͸׵Ӵ̨ɫ筻ףֳϣ˼ԻףҲֻһˡ
Уӵ˿ˡȻ
һ㶣һͷSޣôô쵽ʱ㣬УٻҪһŸϵ
ǰǲҪ״̬ǰУΪ˽ʡԴͬʱܿ޳Ȼڼƻʧˣ˭Ҳûϵڱ⣬ǰЧ
Ȼ˾ͲսɽԶУӣѵá
ǿУѡͷۿĦ˹УԴӺӷֿûаͰߣǴβ䵥Sߣָӹûָͳһǧ˶ԸSޣ̫ѡ
УӶԸ޶һԴٿ״̬ǰԴ꣬ټսһ·һ·һԴ
̫Ӧ֮УвУӳԱҧšΪıǾϵӻϣܰãܣк󷽸У֧š
Ħ˹ľ˿ֵ쾡¡

ӦǾŵ۹нٶȼ죬ܿ˾ͽΡϣͬʱȦˡ
żԱɱޣˣ׿͹ˮġ
һʣмأԱ֮ơ
ƽͨԺҪƹȥˡӦɺӷֺƽͨԺӿɱȥˣѶУˣֻӡ
泯ӦǾȥλָӵһڼ档
ô࣬纰һ棿ӦǾôˣѹܼ᲻٣ŪԴҲ㡣
ӦǾֱ֣ø֪ػһͷ츩ĸ߽ޡͷжδüֱ׹䣬ڵϣһСɧ
棺
3sָ˲ǡе
ӦǾ۹ԱɨһȦû˶ԽĽʾִǸУܱѾˡ
оУǵˣͬʱҲǺ
ڵ۹һλѾõ֣лԴһˮƺҲδɡ
˵Уô3sǴĦ˹Уǵ۹УٵѹȻС۹УĿǰֳΨһУӵĶ飬ն޸ࡣ
áӦǾӦ
۹УʹĦ˹У֣յ㷽ȥнڣ޶ʱʼյӿȥ
ƽͨԺٶԽԽס˽Ų
Ħ˹УоУ㻹Ҫǣ·ʱתʲԶӦǾ
ѣô˵նɱ޵ٶȲûʱɱƽͨԺ󣬡ΪǴ޾Դء
·ʱף·ĳδһĦ˹Уˡ
ֻ͸һźšƦå
ʧܡкأװƵˡ
·ʱױٺ˵˭Ŵ󵶣̽޲ϣ鵶ѪϣӴ
ô죿̾˾ˡ
·ʱףн磬ȡ
ƽͨԺʦΪķͻס
ŽҺĢƽͨԺ̶һԸΧޡ
վҲԽˣŤͷҿȥʵҲüȥժҲûУǸժǱߴˣ۹УûжȥҲһ
ѵǴĦ˹Уܵ˳ͷ·ʱЦˡ
ɵӣڳڶˣժУȥ϶о棬Ψһõ۹УӰģֻмԪ˧
һڵ̫һ㶼ƭˡ
ǱҪȥˡ˵ǿˣѵҪУƽͨԺǰ棿һԴ

һĬƽͨԺУ
Ⱥ󱻶סУ©ѶУģһȺ񾭲
ĹڣҪʼ𣿡మУ
ô3sȦͻɽϵѹһɣӦɺӳô˻ᣬ˻ؼλ
Աû˷ɢעֶǸ߽ޣеɱֻۣܿޡ
һֱ״̬ҪѣӦǾƵԱߣ֪ݻͷ3s߽ޣ۹УҲʼǱս
״̬תһҺӦǾר3s߽޶Ը
ȥӦУӣѧǵˡ
Ժתͷ濴ȥĦ˹УȻӽ޳βͣһᣬ漴ʼ·ҪӲ෽Χ
Уֻһ˫S׻AʱҪԱԻţָͳһܷõЧ
۹У㣬ӽ˫Sϸ߽ޣУɱޣսء
˲ʹĦ˹Уָӹͬһƿ޳Ѹٳϡ
ָӵĿسʼ֡


97 
˵ӵǵ, УӸָпʱε
˿̵۹УĿڴͣʵʩɱжһһ˲, Χס޽ٳĦ˹УڽָһѳӲ෽ֱ˺һ, Ͽӡ
ɨĦ˹Уܱߵ3s, Ϊɨϰ
УӸǶԸS, ϵӡ
˵ĸ߽޽ԾۼЩ3sһֱΧתδЩ֧ٶ֡
УҲ˲˶صЩ3s, ۹Уר3s, Уֻȥ죬Ե۹֡ԴΪȨû, ñȥ
ܱܲôѶУФŽ溰, ȥ죬ǿ϶һЩвУ
ʲô
ФԼ̤۶Ǹۺû˳, ǱĦ˹һУܱˣһ棬ѶУ, һѶƽͨԺ, Ȼˣüһ, ǸȻǸ3s, ȥװAУܱ
ָ3s׵, Ф֪ԼһѰǱˡ
УĦ˹Уˮ, ƫƫָѶ߼ȫӿ˹
ڻײһЦȫӵˣ˶
ƫƫ浽ܣ˲Ħ˹УԱУ¶մһУǱѹһСܡ
Ф滹߼ˣԱһɨʼǱ߼
ȻҪȥĦ˹Уˡ
ǿȥסЩˣФͻȻƽͨԺУðҪ͵͵ȥժ죬ŤͷͳָǱߣȥ²˭ȥժ죡
ѶòôУҲܵõô
Ǳյ¥ֻҪ΢ƶһ㣬ƽͨԺУӱԱսС
Ф˵涼Ҫ
һƬң˿ſţķ
Ȼյ¥γ޳УԱˮսһʱȻܵסޡ
ɻжõڽʣǻܿһΧô3sûж֣һЩ϶Ըѧ³Ųһ̡
ѾʼϵҪһʱ͵˫ֱأӦܳŵǸʱ򡣡
ֻҪΧЩԽھ3s޲ȥ
Ȼǵĵǣջǳˡ
޽ʼ꣬޷泡еԽԽΧЩ3sǻӦͷ˻С
УԱԿʼ£УӹҲ
ȻΧ3s߽ޣϷɵģܵģȫˣԹۣȺ﷦ѡֹ
ͻɽԻصߣӦɺӺԼУӴһߣʼǱߡ
Щ3s߽ĿԣֻԽһˡ
ƽͨԺԱȻˣȻŰ졣ѶУûߣФѽ棬˵УܣϽǱơ
ȻжЩ3s޲ʹǵĿֻһ档
Щ3s߽ޣȫܱߵˣУ˳Ļᡣ
δǾˣΪףĦ˹Уߣδ̫ûԡФϵ λͬѧ³ɼһ֮
ˣ
⻰˵ĺԴĦ˹УĲѶУһݣһֱҪĦ˹УȫڵľУѵѶ
Ф˵ѶУԱȻŴĦ˹УԸ3s߽ޡ
Աߵĵ۹УһֱûʲôѾ죬ֻۼԴȻ߽޶ԸҲûߡ
ƽͨԺУԱԥδʱ㲥
ϲѶУɹִյ㡣
㲥ûлǹĵڶִյĹ㲥
̧ͷѶУУӾȻڴ¥ȥ˵Ŀ⣬ɹѶ졣
ײڵĽһȻĦ˹УӦˡ
ƽͨԺ˶һۣѡϴ¥ΪĦ˹Уۡ
Ҳû˻ȥˮΧ3sȫ˹ͽʼˡ
𼱣ھͰ㡣漱תֵФŽЦ
ѶУ죬õֺ󣬽ֻҪնɱޣԴ
ôѵõĻᣬҪлĦ˹Уϸ
3sޣѶУȻʹĦ˹УԸԵ3s޾͹ˡ
һӿ3s̫ˣ۹УѶУԱ߷ֵѹЩ߽Ŀ棬ͻɽ΢ֿһ룬3s߽ޱתͷȥ档
濿Ų굲ס3s߽޵Ĺֻṩʱİȫ
ɽ˫ܱѾдСС˿ڣȻڰУֻ3s޲
ҪԸϵ3s߽ޣзŻ͵Ϯ
Щ3s߽޹۲ôʱ䣬Ȼ֪ļҪȴҪγıǻɽˡ
ײڽ΢΢ۣѰ֮ǰø֪޵״̬Դȥ
״̬Ը֪ޣҪԼ˭Ҳ̲ˣ治֪Լܲҵָо
ڲ׽Լĸ֪ͼı֪״̬
ϣܹ޵ĸ֪Ժвϳ룬֮ǰ״̬ҪЩޡ
ҵˣ
˲ۣԭֻϵĸ֪γһ˿һ˿йԵĸ֪
ֻһ㣬̸֪ܵжңȣ֪ɾԳɱ
Ȼָʹø֪ΪܣҲ˲̫࣬۶һͷ͵Ϯķ3s߽ޡ
һһ޽סø֪ͷޣø߽׷ͬþֻ˭Ȱס
ѹ۰׽Ѫ˿ҧأ֪ͬϸͷޡ
ͷų򣬵ͷ˻Уɢ
浽ûס³һѪ֪һɣ3s߽޵ľ̼Ħ˹Աõĸ֪϶ɢˡ
Щ3sץסʱͬһʱ湥ɽ˻׺ܿأʽһˡ
һߣϲһ˲еĻɽ·3sԾסһȣ߷޼צؿڡץȥ3sſѪڣĿ¶ڿУͷҧȥ
ͣ±ǵĽŲסε˫ֺһ˲Ѻ£ָԭѴֵӡ
δ˫סѣޱ鳯ؿһӵ𣬵һ˪
ֻһƺʲôҲûС
ڣվطΪ㣬Ϊ򣬵𽥿ѣǸ3sǵ컹ţеֻ޼צɽ
޳죬Ťͷ߿
ԭսֵʱһ̵ķΧ
һͷ޼צȻѣ﷢УƺһźšڣǸΪģضɽҡ
3sͻȥһ
ˣյ¥һķΧڣȻг룬Ȼס
ƽͨԺյСƾرˣһֻյ䣬һֻţŤͷ޳е˻׳ѣʹнš
¥̨Ȼ䣬УɽзӦ죬־Ȼ𣬾ƽͨԺժӡ
ϲУɹִյ㡣
㲥ƺ˲ż˻عĿԾۼϡ
ŻڵϵĵǰǱһǰȥ3sͻǣǵյ¥
ֱ󵶣һһǱȥĸ߽ʶá


98 
ֱֳ, Уʦɫ죬˭Ҳûϵһô
Ե۹УƽͨԺʦɫΪѿһ, ֿ֮ҲֻмԽܵ
һ̴Ħ˹УвһαУߡ
ҿˡϰͻȻĦ˹Уе㱾, ֮ǰϹһͨҲ֪Ϊʲô
ȻԪ», ԱҪ˵, ӦݿһһǱȥҪ
֮ǣʵȶ
ĻϵļԪ¿ǰѵĸʦģҲ
Ħ˹У֪ʦ, ı, Ԫ˧佱жܸ, ֻԱߵͽн, ڵʧء
ڻ˵Ǳӳõһټӳ, ٸʲô£Ͳ˵ˡ
ڣӦǾѾ΢΢, ֻҪ΢ʧ, 㶯ø֪
ţڳˡ
, ߵĦ˹УԱߺ, ûйֵ
һ̫ǿˡŤͷͼȥ3s߽׻, ץס, Ըǰ3sޣһ߳յȥҲҪһĵ
ɱ3sޣһòϡߵߣϵôޣǸĺü֡
ûκ쳣ӦǾҲûв֪й΢΢֣˿΢
һͻɽѹԴ
ŵԸܱߵޣһ߰㣬ÿһʽˣֱֳԽɫԽ죬ĻеļԪ¶̲סšü
ѶУʦ̲סŤͷһֱ֪ǴĦ˹Уûʲôʵõʦѧû뵽ѾȱزĿأʵˣѧתѶһú
ֳͷĵסѵûзѶʦĻ
ʹõʽȫУùʽѧģ
ǡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôáǣײŸѡ볡ͷϲãûʱʹĦ˹Уʦѧ
ԭΪô߰ⳡô3s׺3sܱ˫s׵ǿһһúʦѵҲС
ڣãԼѧˣѶƽͨԺʽȫģµ񣬹ؼʲôʱѧõģ
У޳дҶæŶԸޣʱ͵ʦĬˡ
˼ǣղȻӵʽɽеʽ
˼һӵǱӣõҲѧ
ǲ˪ʲôϰĿһֱϣȻȻע⵽
ϧɲӦָӣ˽⡣
Ա߼УĻʦʦֺһΪǻʦϣɷǿ
ֹЧĲָĦ˹УѪ
ڵ3sֻݵʱ䣬ҺĢǶԣջ̫㹻ȥȡ
Ⱥһ޵ĽƺһźţЩ3s߽ޣԳ
췽ǱӦҲ쵽ˣٲ֣ЩȫǵġУ˺ѵð󻹼նɱҪô϶ֿɲֹĦ˹Уһ
ȳֵƽͨԺˡ
ǰʧܣ䵽ģαûл֣Ψһȡֻ3s߽ޣһԴں
ƽͨԺһУȻУһΡŽᡯһ
ɽΧڽߣб3s߽˺Ļᡣ
ƽͨԺԽ˲֪ǲǽδεӵŭй3s߽ϣʽΪǹͷϽǴѪ顣
ѶУͬٹעĦ˹ߣǶεӣĴҪøԴҪնɱ3s߽ޡ
һʱս3s3s߽޽һͽ.ܱߵĵͽޱ꼰
ϷͳƱնɱĹԱѾЩУеһȫ
ǽҪҪλõˣǿʼЩӦУĵȻĬԸЩޡ
ѿаУɷֳУնɱЧע˳򡣡
㲥ͻȻ޳һ㶣߿гһԱУΧ
УС
Щ˲սһأٶȱУЩ֮ӿ̫ࡣ
3s߽޶Ӳˡ
мճһ飬۹УȱϷӦǾȥ¿һۣﻹվУˣû֪˭
Ħ˹У˻࿴˿У뿪Ҫô죿
ܱߵ߳壬Уס
棬
߿УһŮһܷͻ׳ڴĦ˹Уǰ
ɸϵˡ
һأӻ˳ﻹһɫӡ
̴ӻڳﱧҺĢ
װáûýҺĢŽǽ档
漴ףķһȥ
潫ҺĢŽɫУϸӣһ˲ܱߵ3sޱЩãȻЩϻеζ׵3s߽޻볯Ħ˹ζմص˳
ԱԱס
ƽͨԺߣһͣ˴Ħ˹ǰ
ĹԱţ
УӳԱȽȥԱ汧źϷ
ףϰȫѪɫ԰׵ˣȫ֮ǰ˵졣
ף˫ϥֶûüŵء
ֱֳĦ˹Уʦʶվžͷڵ
ҪյĻɽԣת

æȥɽǰʾÿ
ֻõ˷УֱͷѾ
¡֧3sרӪҺιûкõ㣿
δ˵ڵҽʦѪҲһôѪͽƲգ
ۣãû¡
û£ҽʦ֪ǻ׵Ʋգ㶼ôѪҪȥƲգʱһ̡
ȥԱ߽ڴͳ֧ӪҺ۶Ϸڣ꣺ûˣЩѪ³ġ
ҽʦӦΣ¡
һԶĦ˹У˽Գһ
ãֻϡиһʵˣױһͷ޻ıҲˣڶˡ
ҺĢܵ־Сͷһкɫӣ滹зĻơ
û˵ۣԱ߻ɽã۲ȷûԣֻ˯ˣջĿ⡣
ִڣĦ˹УûǰһֱӳǱԱһѴ̱ǵʡ
ɴĶ˵ڸµζҲɵĶ˳Ҫ硣վڳڣǸһ
ֵԱϣɨûվȣñ󷽵Ӧɺӵס
У˽Աþ㱣߳
Ժ̸ȥϴϴϢһᡣסýߣôĦ˹ѧߡ
Ϣߣ˳㰵һ֧ҽרӪҺһġ
һ϶ʱģѪ͸ղִ̱ǵĶһŻһ£ϵʦһ£´αƨɡ
һ٣㱾¡
ʦȰƨɡٴɫ
Ȼأ˿вһס
ȻҼȡ
ڻƶ죬СĴУʦ鷳
ϢǰֶԽģʦء


99 
Ԫ˧ӦɺѾԼ, һ¾Ҫֳ佱
ͷǵԪ˧ϵģҲġ
ӦɺְͷãҺĢܱס𣿡
, ղʮͨѶףص۹Уٴȡõһ, ǽϱۡ
ף, ʵ򽫾˲Ҫ̫, Ħ˹Уû֧š
ڼԪԪ˧û˵ʲôֻһЩСҪ˹Ļ
˵СָĦ˹УУǾͼʼˡ
أŻɽһ߽ϢңɨһȦû, ǲεԡҡ
ˡŽ, һɾľûκѪ, ̸϶, ЩҲûõľ
˲ſǽϢһ̫ˡ
, еʱȫ޷յۡ
ҺðˡһǷϵˣСĻ, Ťͷȥ, ҲǷˣȻºö, ô㵽ֵģԼЩ˶ûֹ
ɽӦɺӽԿ, ԱߵĽҲŤͷȥ
۾, Ӳ۾Ҹʲô
û˵ԹĿ, ҲҲҺĢɽ
Ӧɺǫֻ˳ŹĻ˵ûãǾͱ
ӦɺԼĵƨΪǾ˵ţǱʶˡ
⼸˵ô򿪹ҵź󣺡ô׾ٸ㵽֣Ҳֻˡ
˯ͷ
Ҳ롣ŵ
ỹҪȥվڽ̨ϣǻҪýɷáɽǵĻ롣
Ϣٴһ̾Ϣ
۹ҡ
ǾɫѿĦ˹УӹǼҵĴ¥ҵҺĢ
꽱Լȥֱطţǰͬѧֻ۹УһʦҲǹǼҵˣü´עʲô¶˵
λʦ˿ںﻹһӦˣϾӦɺһ֧ȥ˴Ħ˹УӦӦòһˡ
תԼĻ׽ָҺĢʲôЧֵô޷񡣡
ʦЦЧˣ3sϣƷʿֱӳ3sף׵Ҫκθı䡣
³Ħ˹УǿֱӶһ3s׵˾ͽһ
ϳǸͻȻ3sһԾƽͨԺһΣռҺĢ3s׵ɳ3s׵ǡֱӺ͵۹Уϣ
ʦһ£ɫˮǾΪʲô˴Ħ˹еĲϣ
Ħ˹У˸ԱǲǼӦǾ
ʦЦʱǸһڴ¥㣬ˣòһ֪вĦ˹ָӣһ
Ħ˹ѨκγԱЩУѾ֪ѶǴδβ㣬вǡǽ췭˳Ħ˹УѧֱӿʼԱУأѶУ
ӦǾڣԱȫԿơ
ӦǾ΢΢󿿣̧ʦһۣڽָӣ
ҶȻͻѹ˶ܵ״ϢУǰʦ
ʦɫɷףһ仰˵ԱߵʦѵǾʦ˼
ʱ㲥ںӳԱϵֱֳҪʼ䲼
ӦǾջظ֪䣬߳ҡ
ڶǼ꣬ǰƳλʦղı
һߣʦһҲҿԱ񣬵ͷװ
ӿӦǾ̫˵ʦܰڲˡ

УӽԻոµľȺ䲼Ρ
µý߶ڷգ׼Ħ˹УԱ̫̼ˣǵܽԪ˧ˡ
3sԱһ죬ʡ
佱ļαɣ֮ǰͷɢӻ׳ʱ״̬ǫָֻ̈̄ͬǰš
Ƕ֪ΪĳЩԭԴĦ˹УεϣÿУ㣬ǶϣõλľУԱҪûõҲһŬ΢΢һЦ۹УѶУԼУ̨
ֳڡʦԼûл񽱵ľУԱһơ
һվԱλó콱̨ƣͷ̨콱УԱһվ棬ŵӡ
ǺǱš ͷ
³Ҳվȥԣ
Ա߽һţʾԱƽͨԺˣɨĿɱˡ
ȥͣٵĹƣһֳֻԽ˻˻ӣк´ǻлᣬġ
ƽͨԺˣ


100 
ƽͨԺʹĦ˹֮Ҳ, 㹻ǽԱߵĴĦ˹˿
ιУõλĦ˹У, ҺĢΨƽͨԺһ
һжʹĦ˹УѲ˹ϵ, ƫƫǸҫǴк
Խų.ǹսڳðң
֮ǰЩʽвƽͨԺʽ֪ʲôʱѧ, ǰѴ󵶵գмһ, 쳣ĵѱǹ, Խ˴пƽͨԺʽɡ
˲, Խ˱֮ǰйƽͨԺбŮؼĴԣûƵ, ֻ֪һŮڿǴĦ˹У
ջ, Ťͷ, 죬ԱߵĽ棺˶˵ô˵
泯һۣû˭˵ˣ
, һǴˡ
ԱԽų.ǹֱ, ǿŭ⡣
ƽͨԺʹĦ˹УĳԹּ֡
Ħ˹У˽Եû, ͷ̨ϰ佱
̨վУ, ÿ˶һѫ, һ󽱱
۲ǽĲʿֵǮӡ
ӦɺӣֵǮƵĲʸãȥ㿴
Ħ˹Уǰõõλнͽƣӣ;ζˣû佱
佱ǹǱĴ̨ѶУ˸ˣФоڶλ̫죬ԭǻҪôõ֣ͻȻת䣬õ˵ڶλնɱٸ߽ޣȻ𣬲һԴȣ׬ˡ
У˱ƺеˣֺ̫ˣ֪ʲô
ȥĿڵ۹УǼϡù˵һ⼸˶ûرǹǾѾ֪ҺĢġ
꽱󣬹ýɷã۹УķǹǾýʵԴĦ˹УҵҺĢʲô뷨
ж췽ѾǹǼңҶԴûκ뷨ǾƿͲǸǻҪȥѵ
ֹһýһѷΧɷøУ
ѶУƽͨԺ֮ǰõڶλʲôܣ
ǵʵκεѶУǰϰᱻФеƮ˵ûаǫ飬ƽͨԺ˾վǸ
ҲýƽͨԺƽͨԺʧڶλʲôܣ
λشԽˣĮƽͨԺĿܹھǰèէȻøˡ
մȺдԽ˵Ļɴڣ£Ф˵ǰè
ý徵ͷФǵЦýӲｫùѪͷģһ3sԱԽ˵ĻǷźݻĽ׶Σ˵ԽԽƣΪʲôҪ
ƫƫԱý嶼ظ۵׶ſֵ飬װסдţ
Ф
ʱҲýץסɷãôҵҺĢģ
ѰǼ裬Ƕ࿴ѰĿһѧܣкüý強˹
ѾﵽȥĽ漸ˣԲۣ˾ȻɢҲһ
ѾȥգգۣͶȥһΪ֮תͺͻɽһˡ

һǲҪҺĢأ
ʴĦ˹Уϣڵĸʲô
ʵ÷ʤĿѾȥĳϣʶŻͲӦǾͷûɡ


101 
ý仰, ʶӦǾȥųļûд, ΢ʪڼϡ
ӦǾվ콱̨ʱ, ˵ĿԱ嵭Ҳûע£±ֵĸо, ԭ۹˫֮һӦǾҲʱ̣Ǹ߸ϵ֮ͻȻ뷲䡣
ӦǾɨ΢ʪķ, ̧ʱ, ȴֻһý, ˵Ѿ뿪ջĿ, δ䶯ת糣뿪
˳߻ͷԭмȻʧ, ղ˵Ǿ仰, ûˡ

һ˵˳׷Ͻǡ
⼸Ѿ˯һʲô
ʲô, һûز
ǰ, ڲ֪ӦɺԱվվ, óһλø
˭ͣɽʳһؼ⡣
˭˭롣ٵ
ɽҾӦǳɺ, ժĢ
Ӧɺ̰Ƴ˵˿
ֵ, 롣
Ҳԡͷ
ɽӦɺӽԱʾͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣һָӣеļ⼸ˣϣȫЧ
ıһĸǮ
һ˸۾գһµˣΪһٷǮȻȥҲ֪ʲôռһռٵǸ˱ˣͻһ㡣
ǴӹŸո꽱ҲŵӡϴȥһƣӰ佱ֳ޳ʱƣͬˮһӿ
˻صҺ󣬸Լ˯
һ㵹˯ȥʱѾˡ
ڴϣûӦ˰죬ֿ̧ʱ䣬賿һ㡣
ƣûƶ˯ħ̳ҳֻشһЩAʦ󣬷Լ˻ĻֺȻ
ûʲô̳мһʾ˻
˻
Լ˻һۣʾL1⣬ûʲô𣬵˳Ҫҳʱħ̳˼顣
˻Կǰ˻İ飿
Ȥʼʴ⣬ּһЩδȷϣûˡһѣ˳ȥ˿˻ֶˣL1
ͷʲôҪ
˿ħ̳ҲûдĹֻܻȥ⣬ΪһǰԱԻش⣬ʮָȤܿϡŹֵʣȨʶ
ˣš
նѣԶй©
ˡ̳ˣȥţأ
ƻ˯һԵģȥ
ҹһһţ˽
Ӧɺӳڿɳϣ粢˯ǲȻ׵ɽˡ
ϣﻹгԵģ治ȥ
ԵУֻʡԥ
棺
賿ʰ룬ų׼ϰȥʳ
߳ȥ·ѵУ˳ѵ¥ƽͨԺӴſڳ
淴ʡһ£ǲ̫ɢˣ
˯ôҪȥ棬ľУѾֿʼѵһˡ
ݽϡӦɺӾĶԣԱ㣬˯һо򡣡
ΪҺĢ£УеļƻңҲǰ˺ü죬һкü죬ǿԴϢһʱ䡣
ŷȥ渺賿ʲôطкóԺģӦɺӱһ߼˯˹ȥ
̳ʲôȼ
ʲô̳ӦɺӲ⡣
ħ̳ҽոֶ˰顣򿪹Լ˺ź̳
ӦɺӶЩ鿴˻ᣬָǸİû
˵꣬򿪹ԣ⿪˽ԱߵҲܿĻûʾȼ
ħ̳̳֯ڵ۶ǣѧԺ˴࿴̳ӦɺӻĦ˹У֮󣬺עˣһֱҲֻһ䣬漰S֮ǰ֡ûǮסҲûȤٵ½ˡ
ҴԵʡ
ȼܼӦɺָIDͷһȦ½ǵL1
Żɽ뿴˵ʲô
L1ȼģʽеڳɽϵID
ܶϲȼװģ濴һĹԣĻܵʦ
ƳҪҪҵ
ˣš

һӣ˵мҹʳ꣬ϰ￪ꡣ
֣ӣǰĻɽһӣмݣ
ͷԡ
ںֹȻǼݣòǲ뻨Ǯɡ
Ҫݣùţڵһж֣ٽڶšǽȥô˲٣ȫǱˡ
ǽڻطŴֱƵҷŵĻǴĦ˹Уڵ۵Ȼ졣
ȻбľУû˷֣
ô3sУҶȥյ㣬˭˼ȥѰҿⱦעǴĦ˹Уġ
ΪĢˣ֪Ǻ󲻺ڡ
Ģôȥˣ˵׵Ʒʡû佱ʽϣԱƽͨԺŴĦ˹˶ףƽͨԺĦ˹һ񡣡
ֵҵһŽ¡
û뵽ϰȻֱطšӦɺС
ݿҵ汲ҵ𣬾һֱڲƵϰ߹ǰһĻλҪʲô
滹бģ
ϰ룺ûУֻһ档
ˣΪʲôʵ㵥
ϰڹĻϵ棺ǶӸ֧֡
뿪ɽϳˣ
šŤͷϰǱ߿ȥȥӦȥˡ
ڽС˵
죬ѧҪˡ
ô죿ǵ֮ǰ˵¸µڡ
Уϣѧܾȥѵ⡣죬ȥѧ
˵ͷűǰֻба
ǵ档ϰϴһëŴӹ¡
ɨһ˵棬ָǰ룺ϰ壬԰ɣΪʲô⻹ôࣿ
ϰ塮Ŷһûôࡣ
ӣʼ𼦵
ղ˵Ӹ֧֡滹ǵϰղ˵Ļ
ԡϰ忴˸͵ƣɧֻۣΪӵ
һڼûҭǿάס侲
û˵ˣΨʳȥô㻹ܵɧۣ
ɧһɧҲС顣
˼һᣬֻҪһ죬ͱȲֻա

棬ȥСʳ߿ֱطţΧۡ
šɽԼ˽رգתǿ
βǺý壬һý壬ȡʮע⡣
ϸӿˣһĿǣ
ʲôĿꣿ
㿪´
һ㿪һȵһǣ´ǱƵ߸ռܽᣬκη̰֮⣬֣档вףϵƵɾ
νʮֽˣؾýһ£ý嶼̫ôĿŵˡ
ڵ۶ʱʱһУܱһǸ̸ۣѶһФФûбǰʧУӳԱʮУܱһĿ꣬ڶƽͨԺѶԸƽͨԺδõ죡ڽ죡
ߴһƵ۹˫֮һӦǾûûӦǾȻӦǾ˵ͷûɣǣƲ⣬ǰƣ
߿´ʣݱ̨Ʋ⣬ӦǾһĿ꣡

ʵҲû˵Ц۹֮ûȼء
Ŀˡ´Ҳվ콱̨һ¡
һֱ賿㣬˲תȥ
·ѵʱñ˹ȥ
ҽˡһ䷿ڡ
ҽû״ӣһĦ˹ʮֲۣʦС
ڿǽϵֱطţȫcutƵ
ҽתʾ£ڿֱطţһ֮üαٱ㲻ܺܺÿԼҲμӱ
һ3sһܹھҪ
һ㶣ҽ㲻зӪҺ
רӪҺҪ岻Ͻеһξ͹ˡ۹УӦǾôˣӪҺÿһ껹ýеҽҲ֪ʲôеһѾãܻģû
Ҳô˵
Ϊ׵졣ҽ´ʱ䣬ÿһΣҰ¼ݣеڶӪҺ
֪ˡָһӪҺҵģܺ𣿡
ҽģȰɡ
ԼС䣬ͷףָףȻ²
Ҫһʱ䣬ҽֱطţһͣһᣬŤͷʱʲôܣ
˯Ŭ䣬Ҳûʲô̫뷨
㲻ۣҽüӦǾÿγ帺ɣʹø֪ʹࡣ
С֧ӪҺͷȹŵ˵ָӣҿ֪ʹùҲͦʹġ
ҽϸ˼죺˵ҲһָӱСû3sҺѱȽϡ
оһֱֲȶ״̬ƫƫ˻
ƵĻҽ˿涼˻
ΪָһֱԱø֪ңȻÿơʱôңһ֪ʱ̸Ҳֻнˡ
Ρһˣָ׺ͷȡû£ˡ
ҽͷ׳֡
״ϵӪҺȫ§˹߳ȥ
ߺҽ૵3sָӻѱٱĳ3s


102 
Ҫȥ, ܿĦ˹У˶֪ˡѾվŲˣѧ
ѧ, ȥʮ㣡
ҡ
һ
ͷãʮǡ
ܿӵҲˣȥһӵѧܹھ
ûסЦǺúõľС
겻, , 겻лк֮꣬ȥʱ, һܹھĽȥ
, ڴĦ˹У, Ҳ˱, ѧܵϾԱ, ǣʱһܹھ
áӦҵܹھ
ѵ, ľУȻ
һ˫s뿪ô̡ѶФ̵֪ĻΪʲôҪߡ
뿪ʱ򣬿û˻͡·һ䡣
㣡Фڣ˾֧˾ǲ
䶼ҵ, Фֽҳ, ѾϽ䵽֧
, úô򡣡ߵǰ
ѧ֪Լ򣬡һ롣
Ц˾÷һҵУӳԱһϸʮ
񡣡һط߳ҲϢһʱˣģúѵȴ쵽
ҲҪߣס˼ѵ
ּӣݣĵʦ𣬾ͲͣҼѵӿΡ
ٱԹһֱۣ֪֪֮УڳЦǴĦ˹УˣѧҪȥ͵ʦ
ֱ׳ҹ컯֮£ѧģôܽ͵ѧأ
粻һףѵϣƶ죬ѵ㰲ˣѧϽϽȡ
һһγʦǽʱƨۣʦҾҳԲ
ת뿪һ䣺ʦ㡣


ſγ̶ǻѵʹõȣҪſγһʺĸʽټϰ
͵ĻˣǸ£Ϊſγ̶һֱȥ
ºʦ㱨ܽᶼһ۵㣺ʺſγ̣Լѧϰ
ڻ֪ÿʦϰԼ΢ÿվȥħ̳ˢܻ֡
Ļʦʲô⣿Ϣʱ͵͵ԣ֮ǰѵ¥ɫ֡
УõӦø˲Ŷԣ߽ҲûɱһԴӦñܶࡣ
ұˡڵɫÿ֡
ӵĻʦҵĶӣɸҲһֱ˵Сִġ
κе£ͻȻԼ֧/~.Ǳߣң˱ɣҳ˵һˣƿʵȨ
ֻΪȥκУ
ڵ̫ӣүоԼһаӡ
ƳһۣȻΪΪʲôҪԷȥκС
һڣǱֱ߲ͬ˴ߣҪ߳ɱԹȥʩѹߵһ룬ǱҵٺѾȻҲأΪɣ֧ϵҡ
ôǷϵȴһֱ츳ĻʦҲμӸֻֵǿ˽ţҶû̫ķҲ˲Ÿǣҵɣˡ
֮󣺡
ôе㡭Ť
ѾҵһˣĵλܱҪ缸ҲԷƺҲû̫ࡣ
΢˽ˣκ¼һֵµġ
ֻҪʩѹǱȻ͹һ򲽽ڻиţ˲¡
Щ¶ŤҡͷǱŲŲԶ棬˵׻ǻ׵
ͷˢ⣬һͷ˹ڸʲô
⡣ޱƿүԴ߿
𣿡Ӧɺ
һҳһ⣬˳ӦɺӿL2ûѣIDͷȦҲǻɫ
»ҪȥL2Ϊ鲢ûࡣ
ӦɺӸɴҲȥԡ
ʲôһ֧̱ޣ˵㣬
һûԭţ˫ϥڵذϣ৵ػ˹ȥסĴȣʦ
˶סȣɿ
Ͽʼ䣬װʦ˻ûá
̧ͷһڲӽԺ
ৡ

Ǽ˵꣬뿪
˵ڱʦôĺܣôôҡųԼĻףŤͷԱߴͷɥ
ôأϲľǽʦϣһǽҥ
һۣϽϻףǵ˼֪ܲ

Ĳ˵ʦĺݣ־Ըȥ򣬻еתء
Һ˭
ΪԼ뷨һ
Ȼֱ̧㽫˴Ʒڵأսϣۺʱεضܷ֪֪
͸ղĵȫͬⴹ£ֱĿڴ
΢һþȫӿֻܿĿҪ¸һִӻϴʹ࣬ͷƤһը
ۼܵսѳ£㶼ͣڹܷ񣬷һ˾㡣㹥ߵһԱսһҲҲͬ³㲻Լˣпսѡ
ٿػȴ϶Էֱڿն𣬵Ⱥݺ£У˫ϥ£ֱء

һʱ֪˵ۣǱеĸۡ
ûеķ֣֮ٿػվһԣͷڵʲôҪ˵ģ
˻ٿػһǣ˫ֱϥȻе
ʦʱһȻۼˣУ쵼
ǲǻҵͷΣԴ ʮٽ
ԡУҲô𣿡ֿʵ
ĬκҧгݵҿǷ򣡡
⣬Ϊʳʲô̵⣬⣿
𣿡ֲиʵ
ЦȻһûϵʽԸ㣬һ¡
Σ
ģʽֻڽӹˣҲͲٱˡ
ܿ죬㱻˻ڵϴ
ĺ޷֮۶ˣ޿ѵ컨壺ԭУôġ


103 
ڹǵļ, һȳһսѵѵ¥һ۱ʹӿΡ
ʵ̫ˣ
ÿٰδ򣬶˵ĺܡ
Դ, ͻɽʾֻһʼ
οеֻûΣ
û, һֱҡ, ʦҪ, Ҳͬʹࡣ
ɽ˭Ҫͬʹ࣡
Ȼô, ѵγ̻Ҫ, ѵļѵðĴһ©
⼸ѵ֪ӦɺһֱϵУǱߡ
ҪɵоƬ, У˵ԼҪѧϰ, ʱû˵Ҳá
һϣĦ˹УУȫͬУʦоƬͬʱΪһѧϰ, УSʦŶСĦ˹УһֱҪоƬھУڣôҲҪ󼴽ӻʦڶʱѧϰ֪ʶûлѧ
ҲǴĦ˹У𽥺˵Ҫԭ֮һӵĻʦϽ, û3sʦ, ÿһ춼ỻµĻʦ, 
֮ǰĦ˹УоƬҲԴֻһбûһԴӴ˶ôһ涨
ӦɺУ룬һΪȷʵûѧ꣬һԭҲҪѧʶԱʦ˫޵¡
ֹͻɽûκ˵ƹ׵¡
˵ȳ3٣ȷϵֻҲֻɿԱʦ˫ޡ
˵ɵרôʡ
ڳ3sȶ͵һ㡣
ɴ˭Ҳ˵Ϣй
Уֻ˿УûֱӾܾӦӦɺΪУǱߴӦĿԺܴ
һ3sռ̫ߣУǱѾ֪ǳ3sڣоƬٲܴʦ⣬Ħ˹УܻʧһĻᡣ
ȵ´ǰһ죬У֪ͨȥһԴ
ʱ̫࣬ô3s߽ޣͶһֳһ췽ͳһһ촦֮ǰĦ˹УնɱҲЧû۳Ҳȥһ
ҲȥӦɺӡ
㿴ʲôϲĲϣϵߡӦɺӵͷˣԴ
Ȼκ˶Ӧ筣ϾһܳͶ3sףҺĢƷޣѧϰ3s׺¹һ̨Լȫ»ףԱڸá
ֻѧϺûѧꡣ
ֳϸ˵ĸ˳ĸӦɺҲȥֶȻԽ߼ԽãֻҪԲ壬Ա߰ѹء
С

˵ޱ鿴ԱߵͻɽӦɺӡ
Ž˻ᱻʦһ٣ãǶ
Ӧɺӿһ˼١
õǣЩޣУͬʱѡ׵ȥ׳
վڶһʱǰŻûҲû
˻ᣬУķ
ҺǹһУĻ׵Ҳˡ
Уûֱӵͷȥ
ߺԱ߻ɽУʦ£֪֪
ɽ˫ĿԶ֪
һֱ飬֪ҲùͬǷ
뿴һΡп
ʮӺУҲˣȫڡ
һĹԱţôһôȫ
Ǳڼ䣬һ˫sϵľУ⣬ͦµġ
ԱţԼȽȥʾЩ˽
žô˲ŽȥĦ˹УѶУĵ৵شڹȥҪȽȥ
󵽲֪סФĽţֱơ
ſ˲㣡Фͻɽм䣬ˡ
ûͼȥѶļҲ˹ѣһȵס¡ϰͨűԵϰȥˣ°ֻȴֳס
УȻôѴŸסˡ
ԱԭǷѡһͷٴαŤס
ⲻꡣ
ӦǾ΢΢ƫͷһۣһ룬ߵԱߣֱһȭ
ΪͻϮĹԱ
ڴŵˣ
վںΧ۵Уˣ
ڼһֱһͨеųֹͣûнȥתӦǾ
Աľŵ۹Уһ˴ǵӲŽѾҲ֯
ӦǾ̧òǸʧ۹⳥
ԱǮ˲ԡʧ
ڶȥȥҲõȺӦɺӡ
ǴӦ֮һӦǾתԽ
˳ҵβüȥͽ˵ûС
ɢû˿ӦǾηӡ
ӦǾԱߵļ̧ۣ̤һ3sϢ˲ռ䡣
ƽͨԺУ׵ʶ
ͷһأܺԼĸ֪
ԱԵһ֪Ͳˣͬ½Ӱ࣬ôȥܲˡ
׵ĸָ֪һҲ޷ʵ廯ͷų׵ܸܵǾ档
ӦǾ̧֣ʾ⼧
ýִ̧򿪹ԣӸѣԼõģǴĦ˹Լ
ӦǾ֮󣬱㽫Ħ˹У֮һת˻ϣˡ
תǱߣӦɺӵ˼״ҲɢѰҲϡ
һͿⷿʱŸֲϣһȥ㿴ۡ
׵Щһϲͨÿﶼ嵥֮ǰָӺʦⶨõĳϺԴǸرָӺͻʦ
嵥ڿϡ
ӦɺڰͷõĲϣ߹ŻܣĿͣǰһǰֻһӣһɫǼܣҹǼϾȻŵĹ
Զ㿴ԱĹĻǣδ֪3s޹Ǽܣ׹ؽڣǿϡϡ
ʶǱ߹ȥߵӦǾһƹͬһʱվڴǰ
ӦǾѾǰ˳Ŀϣ˫ֿٴϣӲԼ
ӦǾȥ˿ա
΢΢һЦҵġ
ӦǾԼջص֣漴̧ͷ⸱ǼߣռĦ˹һԴ
ѾԼˣʱŷһЩǰûע⵽ϸڣ۹֮ϾȻе㡣
ָӾǹľϸڼ仹˼ˮ
ø硣ӦɺӲ֪ĴڳִϣרϡǼܣ㲻˰ɡ
ӦǾϵ֣ü΢ΪĦ˹УԱ֮䣬ദûзִС
ӦǾδԣת뿪
Һ˹תȥ⸱Ǽܣҿܻ𣿡
ܻӦɺӵͷڹϢˡ


104 
һһ, ȥ˴Ħ˹УնɱĴ룬ԴȻӦ١ټӦɺ棬ʣܶһԴٵÿ, ˴Ħ˹У뿪
УһֿЩˡ
˹Ǽܺ棿ѶʦϷ˼Ҫô죬Ҫô׼һ»ס
ҺĢֻǸһˣФ, ͻɽã
Ҫ, ַˣһ໤ŵҺĢ, ͷֻһˡ
ѧƳһФ˵Ļ, øġһǳ, û̫ʱ䣬෴øġҡ֮ǰһҲˣǱܺͼꡢԽᲢۡ
۴ķ濴, ʵ, ƽҺĢʡ
ͬʱУԴĦ˹УҲ˼һ⣬, ˶ص㾯ڻ׵ϡ
У˶һ뿪󣬹ԱͷŹһʾ޿̧ͷ©ǽڣά޹˾
ͨѶδͨͻȻһ˳˾Ŷһĸ߲ǹˡ
Աһ, ֻһǽ˶, ĸ߲ȫɡ
߲ǽ, Ҳǽֱ˾һߡ
666Ż䲻ˡ
Ա̽ͷȥ仰󣬸߲ǵɫüΪѿ
ӦǱУˡԱ˾㿪ԲѯǴĦ˹У
ʲôͻȻһ߲㱬˾ôҪĶõֲֿڻˣôܱߣ
ǼܣǣĦ˹ô޶ңһŮ߲΢ᣬһʵ˵ϣʮ֮նɱ޵Ҳ㹻һ飬ĸڳ⡣
˾ͷԵĺ͵ӦСˡ
ǰʱ䣬һӭʮһεĴвϽͳһ¼ڲᣬѶһʹúȫҪͳƷ࣬аһЩһղصϡϡ
ͬʱһϵͳϵͳʱʧ󣬽ղصĲȫֵֿУֺ󣬹Աϱ߲㣬ֻմĲϣֻʣһǡ
ߵĹԱַǱŪСǰ˺üλ
һȻĦ˹Уֻһһһˡ
Ҫֶ֪޼۵ģһֻǽǮͨ3s޿Զһġ
ȥҪ顣
ԽȥĶ˭Ը³Ů߲˱ۣ漴ȻʮһδԱҲҪһΡ

ӦɺӸ˹ҡ
ǡӦɺӴǶһǱߵǰɣ
ֺ֮ܶࣿǰڲֿ⿴һж̶̵ĽܣΪرϡĲϡ
ֻ࣬һһɫǼܣһɫǼʧˡӦɺӼ۾ڹǼϣ˵ʵָδ֪3s޵ĹǼܡ⸱Ǽܿǣ
ɫǼ·ŵ󣬵ƹ棬ͻȻյһɶ
һȫ3sޣ֪Ʒ֡˵ǵǿļλ׵ǿָӹͬնɱŵֵġ
֮ǰڲֿ⣬ӦɺҲû̫ע⣬ϾһնɱܶһǴͨ3s޷ĹǼܣαǰˡ
Ҳ̫еˡ
ӦɺӻΪʲôαǿƷôʱǱͨѶ˹
ʦ
ڹĻУӦɺԱߵʶüôҲ⣿ȥѵ
װͰͣʦҾϢһᡣ
˵ʲôƳµɫԭҪ˵ĻȥȻϢȥ˯
Ӧɺӣһһǣ
ӦɺӾָ۹У֮һʣµһ롣
ĬβŵһϵͳǱ߳⣬ղصĲȫֳȥһδյǱǽˡ
ӦɺӣȻǣΪʲôֻҪô޾ܶһ
۸ˣҲҲߡ
Ҳ֪ôǵĹʺˣԱ˼ۣΪͨ컯޹Ǽܡ
һӦҺñ˹Ȼ⸱Ǽ񲻹۹УǱˣ
²һϱ㴫У˲ò̾Ħ˹У
ֱˣѵĦ˹УӴֳ֮ĴͳҪת

ڶ쿪ᣬ׼һ
Ħ˹Уӣͦأѹڹ˵һ
òϣʱǲġҪȻ´ս顣
һһΣܾ˭
ǰ棬ɽں棬һǣмĽӦɺӡ
һ·߹Ул޻ԵĿ⣬Թվڶǰ
УʦҲϣĦ˹Уӣûʲôɫ
ǣôϡĲ϶ܱĦ˹УϷԵķʽõǵУӵ棬˭һôܷôشʧԼУָӺͻʦûãȻûиڴĦ˹У֮ǰǡ
ѵ㳡վУĶ飬ǰʦǣ𽥰Ǳ̨
ӭô3sУʵңϣĻûиλѵ鷳ǹΪ׼һЩزǰͨûʲôȻڡ˶٣еʣ˻ڣһ죬ָܻԭӡ
еľУĮ̆ϵĴսıȻ˭Ҳ޷ҡ
һ죬ǲ࣬ʱڳЩϵȫָ
˵ˡЦЦ
ʼùĻϵֹһӺͣ
ǡ
һ˶ƽͨԺǱ߿ȥ
ƽͨԺǱǷǡ
ܶϵĻֱܿһɳǣ϶ɳĮǣ¶ȼͣһļ⡣
ˡǵ
ûȥǣǵֻ֣һΣ3212ǲѯʱϼ
ҼǵƽͨԺر𿹶ǲûףͽߣܿ
ҲǻȻӦɺӲ䣬ǵĲһпԡ
ǽһţΪʲôǻɳĮôƣ֮ǰ֡Ψһƣڻɳаͦ졣
ǰԴ֣汻ȡˡͣΪ滹һҪ÷֣Уòƽ
Ħ˹Уǰϴһһ䵽ڣ̫ԭ
һȷУ㶯뿪ϸǣӦ뾡ӦǱߵĻ
ڶ죬УҲ̳
Ħ˹Уǵڶˣ֮ǰ۹Уδ
ôϵ֣ҽ
ôҽתóܣҪһѪ㵽׻ʲôë
ҽں
ݵûҽֲ嶵һֻסܣûԼĲ
ûУͦõġоԼʮ㣬ÿԱ㣬ÿ챻涼ܺ⡣
ҽüһȦ˹ˣͳƵĻݣ廹Ǹ״̬ٲôӪҺͲû㷴Ӧ
ָо״̬ʼҪһ㡣
ȳѪоӪҺһӴһЩԪأﲻǵøҡҽг˹Ѫ
֪
ǲҽӹóһƸ˵ζݮζ
ܻܲĿζ򿪿ۺɫĲԼĲݮζӪҺ
ԣҪʲôζҽʡ
Ŭ룬ζԡ


105 
Ħ˹ǽִﷲʱҹ
۵ƻͨ, Уһܵ3s׵һŶ£ܽڡ
Ҳ̫̫ˡڣֹ
ԱߵĻɽƺûʲôӦ, ȥ, ֻɽҲڶ, Ҫӡ
̽, һתͷ, Ȼź½ġ
ģӡ
ɽźۼһߣһֻ, ȥů
ҽġü, 飬ܲ÷纮
һ, Ȼ֪ǰģȷʵʵ, һȭȥһͷޡ
濴˼һ£ҡͷӦɺڶ棬Ȼ˰ʲôطһ
Ӧɺӿ棬ۣ˺ҡ
û棬⿿ȡůĻ׵Ŀɿڴ
˹, ̵·ɫť
, ҽĴ¡
̫, ɽɽһӸ
ɳǱˣԸ¶ܣôһ·
ִﷲϰ·һθܵ
Ħ˹УǶ߶½Ҵ¥ڷǲ豸¾ɣҪԱȥ飬ǵ֮ȥϢ
ֻǵǽҺ𾪷һ£ûκε¶ȵ豸Ӷֻбһ㣬ƿ棬¾Ȼ壡
ǹΪʲôǴĦ˹ļ໷ԶɳǱү޷⡣
ɽ޲Ħ˹ΪƽͨԺΪ˶ѧ
һġ
Խ˯ҪŴ£м¡
ﻹҪ䣬׼沢ȣѣ¾Ӧ
ϵУͨ˵ʻвֶӵĻ£Ӧǿ
ﷲѵĵһ˽û˯ãӶ˰ģһЩСɳǳˣүѾɵˡ
үȥһˮղ˵¶ȣڱУˡ
ؼҡ
ү˵ţڿİϣƨһ

Ҳòȥ߶һţΧУȻȵϸҲڶΨƽͨԺһˣϰڡ
ðһݣ
ѶФԼֱۣɳǻУ޷˵㡣
ϰͨһۣ֮ǰɳǣФûڷڷɧ
˶߶ȥѵһѵȻȣҲûôˡ
Ħ˹УȥʳܳһȺˣʳòŷ˶Ǳġ
ϣ㵹ˣʼϽӡ
һϢڴϣ˫۱ĶǱˮǰԸֻȱˮ
ˮУǵ˶ˮĻ룬ͺˡ
˶ֻӲţӦѾ¶û̫ķӦ
Ҳʼ½ӦȻʮֻҲ𽥻ָûôˡ
磬պõ۹Уִϰ
Ǿװ룬ɽؼȫûУʱǱ
ǰӦǾԱߵĽ棺𣿡
ԭ򡣡濰ͨһӦǾ֪ʵ廯赲赲κζǵ۹Уѧѵ
ѵҪ򷲺֧ǮĿǰֻе۹Уᶨ֯ѧ˵Ѿںͷ̸ѵ顣ӦɺҲ֪һڲϢ
˵˵ȥɳʲôûС
ŵ۹У߹Ǳ߿
˶ˡ
֪ջĿ⣬ǴӦǾ״̬ܲ
ȥѵڵǡ
ϽĿ࣬ΪʦѾͷĿϣû֮ǰҪࡣ
촹ͷɥϣͷֱϰŲ֮־
˶ʱֱͦ޲öʱθԼ
˭ʵ
ָԱߵĻɽ˽ָ
һ
ȥɣŽʦ㣬ܵ㡣ֿһ츣ĸ
ֻӲͷƤϣʣڵϴ˦ڰմ򣬸ֱֻ벻ûнġ
һΣٿػ˲Ƶס󱳣ֱӽˤ
ٶ̫ˣΪֹٶˡ
ֻüתѣûԶһֻСȱץסܻȻڿա
ץС筵ԴڰջһٰʮȣײѵΪ֡
ڸ֪У·Ҳôײһء
̯֫أڻײڣ̲ס̾Լ;ⶡ
ǮͲᱨûбһٵĻʦΪʦ󣬾Ͳñʦôᡣ
һתʣµˡ
ðβŴӻǽ
ӦɺƹһϢ
šӦ
УͬоƬӦɺʾĹԣУһܺѾǰ˷ǣ극ȥá
ڴ񣺡ҿԼѧ
ӦɺӵͷѧԼĻסҺĢκڣһֱûд򿪣ʦǱں̸Ҫʣµʡ
֮ǰǳʱϱʡ
ҪҺĢƱҪκУûΣζй¶


106 
Ŀǰܽ0.15%0.18%֮䡣ӦɺӼ˵Ļ׵, ҪСĶ
٣
Ķ֮󣬻ܽʿԼٵ0.07%0.09%֮䡣ӦɺӸһݡ
¶ȼͣΧѩƽͨԺĻײ϶ӱ, Ȼп, УĻ׵ܻܵӦ֮͡, ʦѾûܹӦּ޶ӵĻ
Ϲ, ڶʱҶһˡ潫һ嵥Ӧɺ, 취ٵ0.05%£ҸյõϢ۹УǰѾΪӵĻ׼˱ҺͿ㡣
ҺͿ㣿Աһ˵ֶ, ǵ۹Ǯյû𣿡
Ǳ޵Ƥ϶ֱҺ, Ϳ㣬׵ĿԡͿ, ǷĻ׵ܱ㲻Ӱ졣ֻǲϡ٣, ҷǱҲҪֱҺԼ۸һֱӸ߲¡
һܻͿļǮܷһĦ˹У¥ܻס
ܹھڱصãκβվһߵĻɽ㲻ȣֻҪǰõ׼۹УԻǰ, ۶ۡ
һУȻӦﻷ, һУ׼, Ӱ죬Ħ˹УҪȡʤء
ôӦɺӲȷܲǣĶ̫࣬ܶͻǲⶼҪӰ졣
̸󣬱ԷֿѵӦɺһȥĹҡ
ãҵϡӦɺоƬʲôط¶Ļ
սȫǸֱʼǣЩ˭ıʼǣ
ǰµģǵĺܶϡӦɺӽ͡
ַ˷ҳ׹SϵĴŴ
ѹҲκιSϣֻܼʡ
ӦɺҡͷȫǣУоƬȫSϵϢ
Ħ˹УоƬֻһ˵ĽѧڱʼѧĻʦµġ
֮ǰֻܸȥȨޣڽڵȨҲԸ㡣ӦɺӵͷȨãУóȨ޳
ѧУĻʦʶʵ
Ѿ˷ǣǻãС
УȣĦ˹УSϵĻʦٵÿɳǱ߹Ҳûע⡣
⿴˼ۣԽӿڣѧС
֮ǰͨϺʹѧ꣬һѡһγ̣
ϻ廨ţֻ֡ǸմϳģڹҵĻƽ̨ϣһAףһSϡĿǰAϺSϻûֳδAеĲϽԿ˹졣һSףԽϵĻףԼؽڣڲȻҪõϣޡ
ʱѾ֤ɵǰ仰A׵Ĳ϶˹졣
S˵ҲһޣֻƵޣҪһܻףҪ˽ˣҪ˽ޡɶ˶ٵ⼸Խ񣬺ܶϣõĻסΪѰҺõķҺȺЩ׵ϣҾΪһ׵Уѵһꡣ
ԭɱʦ˫޵
ȥȺҺʷҺ¼ȿšƺɣͷ̶ֻڹһСΧ߶ǰʼŵƵ
ɲٿػףȺ棬ŻѰĿ꣬ҵһͷޣʼƫƧط֡
źɱˣ
ûͷ3sѾʼ컯ˣʱѵһ꣬Ȼܳѹƣնɱ
ԽӿоƬһתվ߽ܼܾǰɣԼ뷨ͽѧоƬУʱԼӰ񼰻˿ʱٺѾͬˡ
𽥿ԣԼĿģֻעɺ޴ܲ
Ҳ֪λУ̫ǿ츳̫áʱһһȥȺȻɸ߰˰ˡ
𣿡ٴνʵЩطڻϡ
·һȻѾͬһ졣
ſɺ޶ֵĳ棬ʶʽ
ҵҵķҺɴһӣһ͸Һ壬ȫ컯޵ĶҺһȡܡֲϻϽҺʱҪעĸ֪ȥƣһϷų⣬׻⡣
ˣʹޣʦףȥƽֲ֮Ĳ죬ѪʦҪʹͬѪںһ
AȫͬAֻҪߴСʣûסSײϻS޵ҲΪʲôAʦ޷SײϵԵʡ
Sϲϲдĸ߽޾AʦȻá
ɹϺӣֿʼ3sƻۡ˵ıȽңڹʲô㿪ʼ¼
ŬȥݣһֱӦɺ
컹ҪѵϢӦɺҲѾʰ׼һҡ
վԭػһᣬӦɺӱԱߵȡ
֪֪Һ˰Σ
Һ֪ôˣӦɺ꣬˳͵ҹ˾ΪSϻṩҺǻո߽ޣɷҺ
һԣҺܹúܳʱ䣬һһӡ
ΪҺӦɻʦԼϷղɵĻ
˵ֻӦɺɻü
ߵҺĢĺǰʦʲôʱǱ̸ã
ˣӦÿԳӦɺӸ߹
κУһûϸ׳ʲô
ٺ죬áӦɺһ⣬αҪ筣ƻףȵºļã
һܴ⣬滻֮󣬾Ͳ׺ͲϣֻڶһĲϡ
ͷ3s׵ֻƷһ㡣
ǳ3sҺĢϡУ׿ܻԭǳ3s׸ãʵҲߡ
ӦɺӸ֮ҺĢ
Һȡ֮һҪꣿ
Ӧɺӣȥɣ֪֪ô档
ԱȻ筣֮ġҪһ̨ԼƵĻס
ҲԡӦɺ޷æһ㣬Ե»ݣѵԼҪӦס
ȻԼӦɺӦ졣
ӦɺӽҺĢãһ׼뿪Ѳ¥
¥ߵӦǾ
ø硣Ӧɺǽһ
ӦǾ˵ͷֱ¥ȥûֳһעˡ
Ǹһ߳¥ٴŤͷȥ˼
ôˣӦɺһеĺ磬ֿʼ¡
ղź˸֪úѵ¥һ˲䱻ס
ø磿˱ҪҽֹáӦɺΪ˴
šüǵڶδ


107 
ϰ⼸, ½һУסˣ󲿷ָӺͻʦʺãһʼٰ㲻ӦѾʼϰߡ
ˮתſʼҩĽ, ֻԱ߻ơ
ǰ첻Ǻúõģӷʵ, ڵָӶô
űѵҸ֪ù, ס
һֱѵ֪ԣҪŬ, ۶, ٲһ
ȥѵˡͻɽ߳ȥ
ȥԼѱӱӸ棬뿪
˿γе㲻ͬ, мѵ, ܿҲֿ·Сܣʱһѵγ̡
ѵ, ׼ȥӦɺӣ·Уžװ, ĴҴңϻմ˵Ѫ
ȷסѵô
ͦõġڼǽ˵Ļ棬̫һ䣬ʦ߲ƨɡ
Ҹղ·ϲγ, ôŻôü, ûѡʵģ
ѡʲôһãȻ
, ȥʦƺʱ䣬ֺȻ˻£ڸʲôȦˡ
ѹ˯š
󣺡⻰˭˵ţΨ
¡һ䣬ſ첽뿪
ҡͷȥѵ¥ÿӦɺӵţȥʲôһ
ʦ̸ãѾͿʣһرԴκСӦɺӽóʾŹܺá
غţչҺȡ󣬻ܸã
ˡӦɺӴӿڴһɫƤ˵ЩɷһģȡĢڵҺסĢͷֻܱܱһꡣһ֮Һܻɢ
˵ţӦɺӴκС
ŻӦɺ׼ǱһŨζӣֱӷŻһ˺һ̧סӡ
ûʲôӦǰһִ˴ҺĢ漴սţζӸζӦǴĢͷɢġ
ӦɺѾתһ֣ԣ̴򿪹Լأ˳ҺĢա
С¼ЩҺĢֱҪѧ׹졣
ɵĽѧԾɢѧе΢Ӧ֮󣬻ܸϡ
ĸСʱų˻񣬲ժԽӿڣɺӣ׿ôˣ
ֻѹ0.08%ӦɺӲ˲ϣĿǰֻز
ߵӦɺߣƶƸĻװ飺Ҹղ濴Ҳǣ˵ĶûôϣҲԡ
ɵǽ;ˣǰʼԼĻףٳѾڷǡ
һ㣬󲿷ֿĵطøʾ
ӦɺӿǼطȣ߻ڲ¶ȣܽʣ
иֻʱáĶ飬ЧԣȱҲͬԡ
ԡӦɺӶŹϵĻײ˼εʼ¶ȵĸٽʡ
վԱ߲ײϣͷһǣҺĢҪǵȲ
ʲôĻףԺ뷨
һڲͣԣһʼͼֽ
ϣ˶ûߣ賿㣬Ӧɺ˫΢һ㣺Ǹûȥˡ
뿿ǽϥ𣬰ֽϥϣͷٻʲôûӦɺ˵
ǸˡӦɺֺһ֪ʦëԼҲһû겻ɱ¡Ҫѵ
ӡˡ
ֻֽϻддӹ׼ʱͣʣˡ
賿㣬ѵ¥ûʲôˡ
Ľڿȥ˷ǣ·ӦɺʳԼɻ
ĽڿΣûӦɺӵ˼ֻһһС⣬ȫ⽲뵽ʲôʲô
ӦɺӳĬ֮ǰҾˣϵĿγ̺̫һ
˵ɽ̵һЩû
ȥʲô
ӦɺӴ½˽涼ʲôÿһ鶼ֵϸԼƽʱεӵȵȡ
ԽԽԻ󣺡ƽͣ
ѵӦɺûһѪָܷ޵Ƥëһ߽εĳ
ϱѪա
ϸһԣڷûһԵϵģ䶼Բϡ
ʮſʼ¼ƽѧоƬڡӦɺ𾪣ʲôʱиʱڵɣ
кüΣꡣϸ
˻Ĭ˻ᣬӦɺӲ²⣺ҲΪǳ3sԽȥĽѧͬ
ѡ3s̡̳ûʲô3sѡ
ӦɺҲΪʲôȫоƬҲֻ飬ֻҪԽӿڱܽȥѧϰϴʼǺϣֻоƬС
Ǻ¡ӦɺӵܻѧĶ
ֹΪʲôԼѧɵһ޾ѧ
˻صңֽ滹û˯
ôڿӦɺ߹ȥͷˡ
濴ŹԣΪգѾˣУָҪȥ壬ڿǽҽԺ¼ݡ
ָһѧУˣʱǵݣṩϢ
ɽҲû˯ӷڳԿţƽͨԺ·ʱףУָҲˡ
ָüδ̫ˡ
꺮мصơ潫ͳƺõתǿҽԺεľУ֮ǰû˷֡
ּ˻Ǹ߿Ƽͨ˽豸о仯ֻƽͨԺ־УҪУ˲Ż᲻豸Ӳš
УָӶ3s˼죬ȸܵصܵӰ졣
ָһ£Ǳ߲Ų²⣬Ͻᣬͳһָȥ飬ͬʱǸҲ¼ݴȷǲǻ仯
ңͻȻʵ
̧ͷΪʲôôʣ
ûõκϢ
֮ǰУҪ¡룬ŲعʱΪУ˼ڴڼ䲻Ҫ¶ˡ
ճѵ˵̲ס˼ٲ顣
ڶ죬ָӽԲϢϰ
УָӺУû̫ಡģϽࡣвμӴ˱ȽϺ
ָӸ֪ǿȫ3s绷֪Ϊ񣬿⡣
ƽͨԺָӺû¡
ƴ󡣡

λָӽȥҽԺ·ϣǷɢڸԷڣΧؼΪϸԭʮУȫΪУҲС
Ŷʱ̾УûпǷ춯Ȼ˸֪ҪôǲߣҪôû춯
ֻռϢ㡣
ǻͬһ¥м飬ǲѾաȻŤͷѣֻҽԱʱȫ̱ѣȥѪעκҩ
ָӣΪҪˣڼ䲻κβ
ִҽԺ淢֣ǲ㣬ҽԺˣ¥ȫǲԱ
ȺΧУŽҽԺ
ӦǾм䣬վλá
˷ֱ岿УӺִͬһ㡣
ȥ·ʱף״̬ãӦǾҲ⣬ɫûһ˿󣬷ɫ׵е͸
վλҽʼָ⣬У棬ͨ۲
汾Ⱥֱ򣬽һ㿪ԣͨѶźűˡ
ҽ͸Ц¥ûźţֻרͨѶźš
˳ҽĿ⳯⿴ȥǻǹУǡ


108 
λָһ, ʳָԱϲƬǰҽ˵ʱӦǾ߿һۡ
ȥʱ, ѾջĿ⡣
ҽʼ¼, , , ⼸˶зյ֢״
Ƭȡ, ߵһǱ̨Ҫ, ȥ⡣
水ҽԣ, ҽִ̧, 㱻ͽȥ
ûʲôرܣֻһߴͷƵţִӽƵͷۿ, һּ
ʱ, ͻȻһȥ, ҽס, ϼꡣ
УǱƺû˽, Ӧû, ΢ġ
ȽʱҲѾ, ֻӦǾδ, Ǳϵļڵء
ղǵǲСˤ
, ҽʼ׼Ѫ
ȻûźˣȻٴδ򿪹ԣ¼Ƶ׼ȥǿ
òôҽԺ⣬һٷ˵ȥ
ĹΪԱָӲĿǰѾ֪Ħ˹Уɧɧģû뵽壬ѪҲҪ¼Ƶ
ǱӦǾҲˣҽڽԱߡ
˵ûв죬ӦǾ֪ߣܵӰ
ֱۣ׼ҽѪ˵˿ںա
ҪѪˣǣôһѪҽ˵ȥ֮ҪúòϣڳҳԷ
Աˣ
ڳѪҽһ롣
˳ˣ潫ͷԼͲͷۻ
һԵʮ𾢡
ʱӦǾͻȻһֻ֣סѪҽ̧ۣЩͣȴʲô
滰һ٣ŤͷӦǾǸҽȥ
ҽſֻֿؿڴһƣҽҲסʶʲô
λУ̳˽ֿ˵ľ롣
ֻҪѪҽε
ӦǾΣͻȻ֡
Ǹ֪
ʶӦǾȻø֪ˡ
ҽ˼סͷ䣬ɫʹ࣬ԱߵҽֹҪԼͬ¡
ָӺ˽üӦǾĿġ
һӹӦǾŷ֣ɫ԰ײȵϰŵҽõȥ
һƬİֻҽ΢ʹ
ҽͬ£뿪ĳѪ𣿡
ز٣˶ڵӦӦǾվԭأ֪ʲô
£֣ɸղ˵ҽѪ
˻ȥȷӦǾ˾裬·ӦǾ̬ȣղҪɱҽ
Ѫּȥһ䷿м⣬ҽֻʣˡ
ղŵҽĻʿųȥˡ
Ŀʮһ㶼߱ˣˡ
һֱϣҽǸǿҩ򵥵ĲҩԼһⱨ棬ҪȥϽ
ӦǾǰų¥߹ҽԺӣһۣӵµġ
ղ¥·ʲô
λϣ⿴ȥ
ղӦǾǸҽûвʲôʵ
ûУӦòʲô淴ʡ
һĬ󿪿ڣӦǾڶʧء
ʧأ
ĹעûڡڶΡעáʧءӦǾ
Уָһ壬Ƕô裬СĲ֮Уû֮⻹иһֱڴ
ΪǸҽʲô⣿
֪ɵԼûвҽʲô⣬ӦǾĸ֪Խǰˣܿͬ
λҽѾУȫλ飬ӳдССһûκɵ㡣Уֿһ飬һΣûвκ⡣
治ǰӦǾһø֪һλ٣ʱڹ־״̬ʱϢѹû֪ǰֻ֪һºϵͳǻɸ֪ʧӦǾǰס
һӦǣҲ
㶣ǻ׵ʲͬҽһֱһֶ̬ƽ״̬ӦǾúܶࡣ
ӦǾˣ岻֪ΪΣûһļܲ鵽ֻӪԼʱ֪ƫ͡
ЩУôҲ벻ʻ3s׵֪ʱֻS
⻰ʵαӦǾܳŵ𣿡
ӦҪϣɫأһ֪ʧأû˷ִ磬Щȵù
棺
ʧػвУǵ۹˫֮һ
һ죬ܵǰδеġůػĸ˶˲赹ˮȻĻˮʮִүڿϣҽһѪ̫
ү̫š
浱ų¼
ôһѪҲд󡣡ҡͷȻ£֮ǰǸҽҵѪŽжࡣ
죬¼񲥵ӦǾʧعԱĻ棬Ҳرգȥ
øʲôӦɺʵ
ӦɺȻҲ֪
У˵ǵڶʧأǰҲΧˡ򵥽һ¡
վԱߣΪʲôҽҪţ
ϾѪӦǾҽҲۣʱҲͦŵġ
ǡšüҽе֡
̧ͷ֡
Ҳ벻ԼҪʲô۾е󣿡
ˣ
ͷŸ֪Ȼڴ¥Ĵ
ȷе˵ǷԼκ˿͡


109 
ӦǾУָӹҽ, תͷУӳԱ֪ˡ뵽ӦǾĳʧأμлµ۹У
һʱ䣬УѵȾȻٴμӴ, ׷ǿлλ, Ǹλ뷨
ͬʱ, ǸҲݻ˹
, УʦǺԱ, Լ췽ĸͨѶ¶档

˿ǰˡ
ǴųͳƺõͼǣǰϮĺ
Ϊ¶ȼͣԷǻ仯, ҲȶֻʮһεĺҪע⡣˭Ҳδϵǰһ굽, Уָûһ, ǲһע⵽仯
ܿӻԾֱʸߣݼ㣬ǽ쿪ʼڵǰ, ޴󰭡
Ӧڻұߵһλ, 򷲺Ǵû˷֣Ǽôȥ
еΣǷǺʱ̶̫, һ, Լи
ҿϵ˶̫, , ǰʱһ԰Ū, ҲӦݵͷԼ, 䵭, һβֱӽˡ
ң˳
ҲкӦͬˣû˭ǰ˵
ָӣǵ۹УĿǰڵһְҪһ㣬Ӧڵָӳꡣ
ȫʮȥ311ռݣפصĻҹյĵطǱߴ滻һ֣Ϣһܻȥ
ӦڵĻȨԼһһ꿹
ĳҪҪǰȣǴӲͷƤʡ
һһ£Ȼơ
ôôУʦȥ֪ѧиףظı䡣ӦƳ򷲺ǴҪǲԭΪʲôǰ
˵꣬Ҳûʲô÷ԵģԹͨѶɺϰ첻ЩӦ뿪ҲųȥֻʣЩʦǡ
пϺҲǰһѧô죿
ֻҪǰУʱӦù
ǰҲǰģʵڹһĴԴ״̬ȥյС
ҿӦҷʱӦǾѶУʦƲ

ӦǾȷʵڵӵ۶һһȵҽԶŸִһһˡӺϱĻ׵һ֧Ӧһӣһ֧ǼԪ³Ķ飬֧һʮˣ3s˵ʼҪʼӡ
վϰٳԱߣü·֧飬ס3s׵ǴײˣôضУ
ǰ˵3sر٣ÿһ3s˲š
ȣʵķΧ㡣濿ǽվţԶĶʮ˶飬ΣʮӦһӣӦԼĵ;ûй۶Ǳ3s𵥱˵ߣҲ
ÿһ۹УӢ˲ţʮλ3s𵥱¡
ӦǾôҪ˼ԺǲҲִ档
ŤͷһֿɵӵǷֹӦǾʧصˣһӦǾʧ޲𹥻ˣᱻǵնɱ

ĬãɰͰ͵ǱΪϣ
Ψһĳ3sָӣ˵ɱɱδ̫ˣˣԼҲ׼֣
ϣǽ˵£ʧв˲ܱסĸӣӦǾûбֳ֪ʵ廯ǱҲô3s׵
ԪʾԴΪأƫ̻ӦǾ
᲻ʧأɽȻʵ
ʧأһµͶ֡治̲ģʧصˣǴĦ˹Ҳûô3s׵
Աߵ
ЩֻǣãøʧأֵӦǼꡣӦɺ
ȥˣȥѵټ
ģЩһһݡ
ƿزסҪɱˣЩ˼һ䣬뿪
ʣ˿˿Ҳ뿪

ҽڣӦǾظϴεļ飬ֻڵҽС˽ҽǸҽѧ㡣
ʱ󣿡ԱߣӦǾ
áӦǾȫͻȻҽˡ
ϵݣжԱȣ˸֪ûʲô̫ı仯ӪҺʧЧͨѡ˾ǱµӪҺȲø㡣
ӦǾڴͷת⣬ããһƬű䣬ֻܼɫҽƴ¥ࡣ
ˣҸղźѧܡ߳ݣȷӪҺҽ֪ʲôҼǵȥʮ
ʼڵڶҽԽӦǾ󣬱ȥȫоһ˵
ӦǾҽֻһԭ򡣡
Ħ˹˲ˣһƿӦǾϣУ˻ûã
ӦǾ֪Ϊ˭
Ҫѵ΢̧ۿƿ
һ٣Ѿѵưɡ

ѵһ磬սȥҽǱߡ
ҽǰкҪѵݣѵ֮ڡ
̫ˣ㲻ܹԣҽ¥ѵò
ҽ΢΢һЦõϰڵģ᲻ߣ۹УԼҽ
ѵһɴڳһ·񱼣Сҽƴ¥ǱߣҲߴݣֱͽϸ¥
ͷӦǾȡƿʱ˳Ŀ⳯⿴ȥͽַɿ¥Ӱһ˭
ӦǾĳһ߲㣬ôһƿ۾ɴ󣬲֪˵Щʲô漴ȥŰ״ӵ̽ͷ¥¿˿һ𾪹ش
ջĿ⣬ش⣺Ħ˹ˡ
񣺡ǵɡҲֻЩôçˡ
ӦǾûзϡ
ղſ˾Ǿݣ֮ǰû泶ӦǾֱϵ룬ȥѵˣҽϢ
ӦǾ߳ҽңͷĳ㴰ȥµӡ𽥱ʧ
Ƭ̺תѵ¥ȥ
ЩǡҽӣƬֱڲ࣬ˡ
ҽڸϵ
ѵ겻ܽĸʦķݽֲϣ£ҪܣʵӻģȻ鴫
ҲǼԱ
ű𶯡ݴһ䣬ѪϴγѪҼˡҵѪ
ֲܷѪԣ
ѪҺɷж˵㶫鲻ҲǺǻ̾Ҳ֪ǲǳ3sԭ򡣡
ȼͬѪҺָȷʵͬǶ˲ɷ֡
ҪȻȥҪӦǾѪ⡣
ݣұܸտھͱǰﻤץ


110 
ո˭ĿΣݿŲ, һѾҪȻǲǳ⡣
ʦ̽ͷȥϵ, , ôˣ
תմӽ³, ûκβ
رܴ, ʮ֪, ڣѵ꣬ȻƽغŸոѡ
ֿʵĲͦ󡣡
ݣй
, ӣⲻʲô, ʱе仯ҽת˼Ȧ, ȥѧ㣬ܲܽǸ΢Ͳʱ, ȫ̴š
һ, ûʲô⣬ֻ֪ѪҺж˲ɷ֡
һ, ݶѪ˼Ƭ̺, ȥ档
λòҪ, ϸĵطӦǸҽŶӡ
ҽ, 鷳ͨһ¡ݶԻ˵Լ֡
ԼûС
ʼΪǿ, ղżƴ̽ͷȷʾ
ݣѧղſˣ
ʧЦ, Ա߻ǾǸǴĦ˹Ա
ݵͷ
˵, ʲô£ֱʵ
֮ǰ˵ͷһ΢ͼݵĻиоҪһʱ䡣ݰٵ
ӦǾײ̲ͨѡ˾ҽе˾зרӦǾҽ
Ҫıһ֡
ҪתԣһоǾ⡣
ݸҪڣ㱻ס֪һֱ뱻Ƹãλֻ˽˰æ
ݱҪӦǾѪ˯ͷһɡ
˴һ£ݺһоӦǾǰ⣬΢
΢ͲֻҪŽ⶯ڡ潻һСӣһСͽǹоƬоƬϹԺʱյݡ
պãӦǾ״ܲ
ǵڶΪһѾõҽûа취׿ڡ
ͷҡͷʧصӦѾˣĿǰʱ鲻ԭ״ȶ
бҪһ¡ݵӦǾһ3sָӣȫԼеȶ״̬
ĬǾ֪ʱû⣬οӪҺʧЧ
û˵ô룬㲻˽һо


ߴ̾ɽڲǰ侲
ɴ¿ӣҾе㡭Ԫ˧Ϊʲôô
һȨеĵطΪԪ˧ȫȻҪ̬׷һΪˣǾ
ԥ
Ҳ붮̾һһֱԼֻģˣͻȻ磬еת
أӦɺʡ
ð򡣡ɽƮƮһ䡣
ӦɺӣʦĿΣ
ɽͷ˽ʦһţʦ˵߳ɹһŲߡ
䣬һȳһնӹ
߳ɹˣɽŤͷʡ
ſӵֻе㶶ɹˡͬʱҲɹ˽ʦˮƽ
ˮƽѹУ
ٲүԲȥˡ
һۣүȻƽʱĺݣʵ˭ƸС
ԷʱԶĵ۹Уӣ⿪ʼ붫
ʶǱȥȴǡö̧ӦǾ
Σֳ̧к
ֻҪԼΣεľǱˣһ㼼ɡ
ȻһӦǾջĿ⣬ٿ
ҪҪȥ棿
ѵʱѾǿɻչҪôǰȥһȦҪôȥһȦκǰ󷲺еطرա
ͣڵ
͡Ӧ
ˣ
תˣȻˡ
һΣ´ֵǡ⼸ðŵǹʾ
ŷȥ֪ܿ沢ͣǴһȦһҽԺͣ¡
ڸʲô۲۲ȥ̲סʵ
˿˼һҿȹݵһǰ͸ز⿴ȥǰȿˡ
ǰǼϴָӹҽԺ濿زĿ⻹ڹ۲档
ԣĵڶʡ
ϸ롣¥ӦǷʲô
ָһͬҽԺ붯֣ʱɽ迧ȣûζѾ
ҵ˷ֲУʷϺܶĴɱڻ
֪ջĿ⣬ܸо̫ԡ
ϵĻ˵·˵·¥ǰûʲô䶯
ֻǽ浱ʱͻȻһָоƺʲôԡ
Ҫһˡ
Ǿͽȥνء
˴ӿȹݳתȥװ·ɽͽһӦɺߣں棬Կĸˡ
ҽԺ״ȫͬ
ٴξǸӷ֣Ѿʧ
һ¥תһȦû쳣ֻܳȥ
ǿȥܱ߿ɽܿʲô
ͷ˴˸ơ
ŸֽתɽΧ֧ս
ڵϣŵש䴥ʱɽĦ˻϶ָֿ̧⣺»ңȥġ
滷Χ϶ﲻǷص㣬̫Զˡ
Уפأָӵϰߣ۲ҽԺԶûء
ۼʱµġɽ
ü˼У˶ڣ֣ܶҲֻжһ¥жȥôһ֧ʲôһǣ
߰ɡ
һ߳ӣӦɺӡϡ
أǡ
ں档תָȥأ
üǱߣ
˸һȦߣûзټ
ģɫѿ
ǸһҲں档ʱƣӦɺӵļ򣬺øƵ߳
ظʣȷʱ򣬼Ҳˣ
ͷȷû
ĸֱӲܲҽԺߣһ߽ҽԺţӭײϡ
Ӧɺӵһ
ȥǡ̧ͷ˵
治Բ־ס죬СͣڽʣҸղǸϣȥˣ
ͷһؼĽ֣ʾſԼ죺ȷſٽ͡
淴øӦǾֺܲԾҲϣ¡
֪ΪΣһص⣬ԺʼջʱӦǾһۣǿƣͻȻӡ
˫̧𣬳Ͽҵ֪´βᡣ
֣˱ۣ˵ɣȥˣ
ӳյûţ̧죺ҸղżǸҽȥ˿


111 
ʲôҽšü, ͻȻ֮ǰ¼Ƶ˵ĻӦǾλҽ
ͷ
ʲôԱʳ
Ҿ뿴̾ĳ󡣡
˽ü, ƽʱͶ˵, ˵ͨ, ολҽƵпʱ, ò, ̸ϳ
ں֡Ĭòŵ
ѵǼҽԺǸҽʲô⣿
ҾԼͦġüѪѹȫ, ûи֪ʧص
˳㻹ʲôӦɺ
ҽʿкܳ
˵ʲôԭ, Ǹ˳
棺ûˣ
ûˡ
Ȼȥ, һ˶Ǹҽְ̧˰üģȻ˶ΪǸҽҽʲô⡣
ȥˣȥطתһת
һ㿴ˣȥ棿
ͷС
Ҳ֣ҲС

˻ȥĵطһȦ, һѶ, ȫǽ渶ǮվԱޱˢ, ˿ûĿ, 󷽵аš
ʱ, У󲿷ָմѵ¥, ջƲ
Ҳ֪Ħ˹УΪʲôһֱô, ѵͿʼ, ˼ҵ۹Уδõһ, ûиѵ
˻صңѾˣǡ
ǿ˺һ治ǽ
ˣˣȥʲôط
ѾȹαĦ˹УʦҲ˽˵ϰߣÿһǾͻһ䡣
˵һѣû˵ȥҽԺ
ţϢҽ˵¡Ȼֻǿһ䣬ʾ¡
ͳһѶڿϣ¡
ѧǡ
ոյϢ춯ûֻ֪֪311˳ˡ
Ҫʲôʡ
ҡͷУֹϣǣɾ
ۣʦУأ
Ħ˹У֣Ҫǣ˵ҪҲһ֡
۹ǱѾ󣬽˱۹УӻȥԸֵĶУûӦ˶ٵ޲ͬʱϣǽӴ
ȫĵˣڲֻ
Щѧδ꣬Ħ˹УϣܹרıԸޣȡ飬ĶС
ǳȥѵ
ЦһֻһӦƻʲô
ǾУֻһҹ֮ͻȻӡ
11Ħ˹УһƽӣУûа㾪ȡЩƽе뷴ǿ
ֻ3һӣ˽δϵ
3ǳͷβĹУΪһ۶ǣе˻е۹УָӦν򣬴Ϣһȫ
ӷû֪ʲôһֱھڣŷߡ
һʼΪֻǲ̣ܽʱȨңߵ˼Ҳǲܣ𽥷˾衣
ֱƽͨԺʦӣ
ָӡʦԼ11ʵǿǼλ׵㼯
311Դ˿ʼϳƶǴɣΪȨޣĿںţȴɱƽΪĿǰռݵļǣԭסء
¼ĿǰֲָĵһҳУҪָӼסһ죬ĳ衣
ַֻӦν򣬵ʱûκһָ֮⣬˫֡
˫һʱμ˽¶ǶϣҲֶĺۼֱӶĨ
֮ǰȥҽԺ飬¥ǲжʵ
ͷû㣿һ¥һС֣ˡ
Լָ⣬Ʋ¶⻹Ժ˵
һߣӷ̽ͷΪʲôֻ˵
棺ղû
ˡͷ¶⣬϶Ҫֱɱǣ
ôͬԴء
ֻϰûлǣǶͻϮϰ泯ſһۣȥã˯ˣ
ûţڻͼֽ
ٴδһ飬ȷûκ쳣ŷŹղʦĻˣԺǱҳȥˣʡ϶
СܽƳȥˣһҪƻס
ոջ·ϵһУøϽ
صԼ䣬ʼ˯ţԺС
ɴֱǾı̫֣3s嶼⣬ʧȫпܣֻͬһ˶ֵĸ̫С
ͷ򿪹ԣŷһӦǾͨѶ
ҹʱóȻȥһͨѶǾ֣ӦǾҲһ˲ԥͨѶ˼űͨ
ӦǾžڸѵҡ
£ӦǾֱ˵ʵ
һ飬ʧˣ
ӦǾɫ䣺Ϊʲô
ֻǾͻȻʧغ֣Ѫǰͦġ浱Ȼ˵Ϊ.Ϊֹ֡
ӦǾĬߵǽǴһƿˮͷ˼ڣЩ׸Ĵʪʧزʧأ۹УһǴܹھ
ĵһϴЦǶڸְ˵һѣһֻǹ彡
ġӦǾĮģõܺ˵Ӽֱ֮
֪ûʧءͻȻ˵һ䣬Ŀ
ӦǾͷβûɫ仯̧ۿ棺֪ʲô̫̽ԡ
棺
ӦǾ΢΢ͷֹͨѶ
̱ڴϣǱʶڸԼ
ѵңӦǾҶϽͨѶ󣬲ͨһͨѶ
ǽȥˣ
ǣһȥڷǸֵĵطתơ
ӦǾ仰ҶͨѶָʶϣ˼
ԶɣʱҽԺʲôɵ£ƱػٴιȥȻͬС
ԽĪͨѶйأ


112 
ֻҪô㣿ӦɺվԱ߹۲ȡĢҺ
ؽںǻҺ, Ժ˵Ͳǰ˻ΣɫҺ建ɫˮ, ɢ
ӦɺӽʣµҺĢãͷã
ˡͲڹ̨, ԺҵõãڵķǺûʲôرġ
Ȼõ, ϣ׵ĲȫǺõ, öһ3s϶ϡ
Ժл, ҵʵķҺ, ԻҺʲôЧǵ
飿
šÿϳոѧף̫ûѧ, ֻܴѧṹ׿ܣĻҪӦɺԱ߸
˼٣˵»סӦɺ߹⼸첻ѵ
֪ˡŹ̨ϵĸֲϣէĸо͸ҵS滹ɳǡ
ӦɺʧЦ㵱ʱһA, ȻҪS档
̯ͼֽʱֻ뿴S׽ṹͲ, ֻһ¾ͿʼѪ
ΪԼǸʵA
ҲSɵĲ, ӴȻڸ֪
ɻʱʱѪ, ΧѾϰˡ
ӽϿʼļ죬ӦɺӺֻ, ˯᲻ûʱ䣬ذҹ, ƹ, ӦɺԱ߹۲, Էⷢ
ͻɽſڼζûҽȥţȥѵѵˡ
ֱǰһϣźӦɺɵһλ׹ſܣȻѾ˺üҹġӦɺӶһͷѺ˶ĺȦЩ켰ָ϶ŸɺѪգӻֽš
ſڵŵ̽ͷ￴˿ǡװֳ
ɫذϵѪΣЩЬײȵĺΧ
ȥ˯۾Ѿˣмֱҷɱ
㲻ǿڱ󺰡
˯ѡʱѾˡ
ӦɺҲסˡ
ôɽ
ͦáӦɺӴ˸ǷҲˡ
һθءһʲôпͦãǻûԣ
⻰˵ˡ
ѹܱΧŽˡ
ǻûе죬һϣҪȥˡ
ȷе˵ǻݻûȫꡣӦɺӵˣҪһ̨»ףٽеҪ졣
֮ǰɳǣӦɺӸ筶ʱ䡣
ֱȥٵСе⣬˱ʦ˫޲ǰ޵ġ
Ա߶һ֡
ʶʶ̧ѵߡ
˽Ըںһȥ
һʦû취ͨٿսףײٿϸ΢ֻܿʱܽᡣ
ǻʦͬʱһ3s׵ԼƵĻףپԼȥٿػף˽ķķ
ѵ
Ļײǰڳ̨һɣɵؿ
̨ôˣӦɺӻû
ֵ̧סԼ죬ȴС󣡡
ûǮ֮١ųԼĻף㿴ʲôи߼ס
һ̨ʮҵĺڰ׻׳ѵм䣬ͻе޳ͣ׿Ǳո£ײаɫף˫ϥǱʲôᵽһ˿ϸȥţȴҲŲ
Żͦģףʲô֣
޳
ʲôԢ𣿡
üûСΪǺڰɫͼ㣬ֱȡ޳
ɽ߹ȥͷ۲̨ϥǣذף
ͷɷذױޡ
ʽңʲôʲôԾӦɺ֮󣬾ϥԱ߼
ʲôذױޣע⵽˵Ǹʡ
üһ֪
ֱϻʻɽ˭
ңæǰһɽѾųףȥٿػվǰ
Ϊʲôÿζܱɽȣ
ǱͻɽѾɽڿУֱڰй
ûóڶУȡϥϵذס
ԱߵĽԲ⣬ǽսذ׸á
ȻϷĻɽҲף̧顣
ײڵﴽٿػҲ˫ذһ˦̶̵ĵоȻ˲ɼϸıӡ
ϸޣͬʱ˦еĻɽһʱذ׾Ȼɱӣȫ䣬㱻ıеĹ
Ա߿е۲ΪʲôЩܱε
õһãҲܰӦɺŤͷ
ˣһõӻ·ʼͿʼõˣȫ絶
ʲôϡϣذױϡ͹νټһĲϣչԷǳáӦɺӿŻڴ򶷵ˣ͡
뷨ģܶණûѧϡͶٱν𣬺ܶණҪŲ֪̽ܵ
ЩӦɺṩƺñĲϸٽ֡
ȥʼɽذױ޾סܿӦάһƽ⡣
ȵ⡣ȺͣӦɺվԱ۸ղԼᵽĲ
׿ʼһһĸо
3sһͿʼӦɺôġ
ڵ賿һ࣬˲ͣ
ǽǣͷһ㺹
ڱϵĽݸһֽ
ӹֱĨͷ
棺ӡ
һ㶣ĨӣһֵѪ
׹Ļɽָһֽҽûһȷķ
ʹ3sףֻҪʱһѪǼѾϰֽ
ûС˲ӡ
˵ţҽͨѶ˹
ô㣬ҡҽû˵꣬ҺϷ̽һͷĻϲһͷԴˢˢ
ΪʲôԲ˽⼸Ա֪ӣϵδ̫ܡ
̵ҹûܡ
ҽĬεˣ˵£Ҫˣһ£ѧ΢ͼ¼
Уȥ
ҽʲô䣺ûʱƣ¥Ҵ
ͨѶҶϣζΪʲôҪҽĴ
ӸϹȥѵôԶܹȥѾӣֻܰǴҹȥˡ
ȥɽһ
Ҳȥ֡
ӦɺĬĬվ档
ĸβͣһͬҽƴ¥ߡ
˵ǵݿ죬ÿ졣ߵҽƴ¥ſڣԾԾԵ
һ񣬱֪ʲôһĬˢˢŴȥӦɺӺͽܽ¥ݡ
ˡȥţôǣأ
̧°ͳҽ˵㣺
ҽȻת˰ڴ⣺ˣҹجΡ
ݿ졣ӦɺӶŽ
ͣǶŴ¥˰ȦҳС·Զ
еĻţ¡ӡ
ĸ۾գҲգҽһվԱߡ
ҽ
ǰ¶ֱۣþƾ˲ڲһԱߵӣӼгһָ׸СĶ
Ƥܹ֯ʱʱ̼̿ؼ¼仯ݣʱȫʾԱ߽סӣȡһڲһСƤٽӹӣСŽƤ֯ϼˡ
ΪʲôҪ¼仯ݣҽ֮ǰûҪ󡣡
ҽŤͷ֮ͣǰ̫ڼ鷢״һֱڹ̶״̬ѵǰѵȫûвҪ֪޻Σյʱʲô仯
棺ѧӦǾҽ
ݵͷԣˣӦ֪
棺ӦǾҲ״
ҽ˶ٵǡ


113 
΢ͼ¼װú, ĸ˱ת׼ҡҪ뼫Ҳֻǻ
ףһ˳ҽվſڵ
϶˳֣ǻøܹھ
ҪƽͨԺõھ, ǸԽ˻ᱻϴζԷ, ᶨڵּǿˡ
ϲ˺ûа취ӡ
˻صһҹߣڶ, Уһϸ
ǲԽԽˣվڷ, ֱ۶ȥ
ֹ, УӳԱҲ൱һ˿ʼ
ڴ, 棺ԽԽˡ
ȷطҪǱ, ǹȥҪСģΪвˮһվȥѿ·ϣٴϸ˵˵עӼУӳԱ
뼫Խ¶Խ, ڷѾ̹ܵǵı䡣
ˡͷ󻺻, Ħ˹Уγ, ڱһ
ֳȥˡ
촽ףҲȥ
һУӳԱȥ, ɽתֱƵһŰ˳ȥ
ȻԱ
һ˲, оԼסˡ
ôôࣿƳһۣ, 䡣
˫ֱԼ, £̫, һǸӡ
ӣˡǰһ䡣
УԵִڣʦվҪ˹ս
ֵˡŤͷ
ηηŲȥУγԱȡ
У˻Щ̶սܱߵý׷׶գò˵ڴĦ˹УѾýϲһУ
ΪÿһҪ۶ӣл۶ȣĻĦ˹УӳԱУԱ̬Աȣֿ£̸һ
ܲˣǰŶӣɴԭҡ
ֱֳܿŤƨɣһȦһȦ
ϰֵȫҪˡ
Ѿ뿪ˣһ˵⣬⼸˵ѡĦ˹Ͳʲôعصˡ
ɽ̳л˵ĳĬʵÿѡ϶棬óͻףѡͻסҺܶû˱Ħ˹УҪ
λʦʱάӵܵǷ緶ھͷ׵ױˡ
ٱӦɺӣһѡĦ˹УӦˡ
֪ˣǣ˳ζͶ
ֵսѾûѡˣֱӹȥһ
ù߻ӣս嵥ͷȥ⡭
ֵǴĦ˹ˣүõģ
Ħ˹Уγ鵽սΪ㣬ÿ˶һıů£档
Ӧɺóһױů¿˿Ƥӹ󣬿ԵԵĺ
ֻǱһ㣬㹻Ǳ˶˵ơ
ԡӦɺıů£һͷ⴩
úϸһΪʲô䣿
磬û¶ȡӦɺҡͷ岻ʧ£Ѿ㹻ˡ
Уûбů£ʵѾڶǿб̬ͦ
׼ú󣬵һ뼫ľУǵ۹УĦ˹Уٴŵλ
ӦǾվڶǰûлӸţѾǰ۹Уƶ
УԱĿϣÿһ˶ֻҪӦǾ⣬ƾݲУ֮ϡ
ӦǾߣƺһ޹أĮȻڡ
۹У˰ٸ󣬽뼫
ĴĦ˹УоУһһȥҪȴʱ䵽󣬲ܶ
ƽͨԺλԽŤͷֱֱ۾ҪöԷ֪ƽͨԺ
Ȼٵһ۶ԽʱͻȻ۾ϣֵס
ĪĶ
Խ˿϶Ҫҡ˫ֵס۾ʲô
ƣҪԽˡ
Ա߽漸Է׷ֵ̧סԼ˫ۣһ½̸˵Ķ˲
ԽԲҪȺ˰ֻܱһǻŭתŶ뼫
𣿡ֻǰ
ˡɽֻ֣һλƽͨԺУӳԱȥ
Ħ˹У˻ҪȰСʱܽȥ
ֱֳڣĦ˹Уʦǿžͷڵѧз׷һͬƽ
ˡǰ棬ͻɽֱߣӦɺм䣬ں档
һڣ㿪ʼ£ھô䣬ʲôӣ
ֱʦǿӣЩΣɳǱ˶̫ˡ
ʦѧ뼫ͷһУĦ˹УгԱѾȥˡ
ԭſڻµվӦɺֻѾûκηӣ÷ֱ¶档
·˸ˡ
ԭЩɢҲһȫƽѵʱӣƺоȻ͵¶ȡ
СĽ£ı沢ȶѵҪȥ硭
δ˵꣬Уĩβһ֧СӱͻȻ棬ȥ
֮µ¶̫ͣһȥʧ£ֱӳףƬ̱ܶ档
Ǵ˱ů£е̹Ǳ䣬ܶ
Сͼסɢ
µͻ׵ȳˤ˲˻ףˮŴ̹ǱףٿգͬʱСӵָӺͻʦ
Сģ
ͻȻͻ׵ԺУӦƾűܲٿػ׽ָӺͻʦ̽С
֮Ȼڳһͷ裬ƿܱߣԾͻ׵ҧ
ɽȳȥھϣֻƽʱܹĿ꣬ʹ֮ӻٶȵıھʧЧ
ͻ׵ָӺͻʦû취ֻ֣ܷԼ
ĳײձҧ顣
һУѸˮ³
ڶȥ̤ű棬ϵƱֱӳȥ
˾ϣܱ߱ˮ󵶾ֱ¡
ͷ䣬ͷϡ
ھ壬ٿػ׵ͷ
Ħ˹УһƬĬСѸٷ𱻾ָӺͻʦֻаͻףƶ£ŨѪɫֲǾ軹˵ġ
һӣ޳ƱһĻǳɹס
޳Űͻ׳ֳѾĻײգѾݶѪֹ֮±ˮ̼˵ֻͽѪ鴤
ͷ޳ųһĴָ
Ϲײձ߰³ּ
Ħ˹Уӳһ
Ա̸ﻹǽڸü죬ŵƲա
Ħ˹У˲һɳظУӻڳһû¡
һùھ
ҵûϵֻǸս£˽䱸֮ޣ֮ͬΣ


114 
ս, ӵʧһУӵĦ˹ǰδеĳС
ʦһӽǵĵĲڵĵǱŵ, ѧ״
ӵһһֱ, ǻûõھԻǳĴδܵƽͨԺԿ
ڡ
ڣĦ˹Уǰߣһ, һֱСʱ, Ҳû档
ǰɽ治Զޡͣµ, ڱ¡
Ҫˮս
վҴȥ
涢һ᣺ͷ˫s, ʮͷAޣָڣʮȥ
תЩɳǱسһߡ
ܿ߳ʮУӵڵʮһס˽ԲٳС
ʮУӵףǰȥǸϵ˵λ, һ̤棬ˮ¡

վԭصţڹķ͸ɫ, ǿеˮֳɱ, , û˶
ĿԽǰ͹ıɽ, ڵȴʮУӵ֡
վս˽ڵأַڱϣø֪ˮս˽ϣ˿״ֻᵽʱѪζ
ΨһõĺϢûϢûκι㲥
ʮӺʮУӵڱɽϣ
Ħ˹Уնɱͷ˫SޣʮͷAޡظ
вϹűȻˮʪ͸ϰˣֻͺʮλУӵûκһ˷ƺȫܲ䡣
ֱֳʦǽһЩѧǽղŷ飬ɶˡ
ǰС
䣬Զͬʱ͹㲥
ڴĦ˹У·ļСʱУƽͨԺĹ㲥ÿСʱһΣ˵۹У
ƽͨԺνԼƷӵ쾡¡
·ߡָŵͼ
˵·ǰȫǱ棬Խ֮󣬺ƽͨԺǰˡ
˵Ҫ֮ǰɽ
ͷƽͨԺȻϤֻǵ·һã
֮ǰܱߵնɱõԴ
ǰ̻һֱڱϡӦɺӵĹұ¶ȸ͡
֪յͼ׵£㿴š
Ȼʼ·߲һͻȻı䣬˵Ϊ֮ǰڴ¡
Ħ˹У˷ԡ
ֱֳ
֪ѧУָԸǺûʦȻǻԱֵķŭΪΣնֱʤʸ޷ȷ
ָӣαϣͬӵ˲ԣС
ʦٶԣ˵ʲôǴĦ˹Уʦʤϣ˵ٶҲá
ڵĴĦ˹У飬ʼֻ߱棬·ٶȸ죬Ȼڱ͵ϮҲࡣ
ټϲ֪ĿͻȻ飬ڣѾͻȻȥûΪ֡ȥʱ֮ޣҲٶȻָӺͻʦ֮ǰôʱѵó
ɽڰѡ
֪ˡ
˿̣ڶǰʹ󲿶幫·
Ǹǰĸ߽ޡ
ɽڿУ͸۲µĶЩ濴Ϊ޶档
Ѻֱӷųףס󵶣ֱӲ֮£΢΢תѡ
ԵΪԲģ𽥿ʼѣľ
һ룬һײݣҧ
͵عֳŵء
ױ׾Ķ˷ܣоԼϾҧϻס
еĻɽȻ˫ץס㣬Ӳһˮ档
ǰγ󵶣ӵֱӿ¶ĸ
󵶲һ뻮ڱ֮ϣΪٶ̫죬˱
һз̫죬ֱͷǰĹڣֻܿ£ϲ嵶ҧеĻɽͻȻץ㣬ε־űɨȥֱӶϳڡű濪ѣ޷վףɽһ׿İ壬תץסףˮСյˮһ塣
лɽ˫ץʣµİϣ˴Ű뿪棬ڸղϰĵط
ͷβһӡ
һͷ㣬˫s߽ޣɥ
̨»ײһãϰžͷеˣʵʵɻˣλϾ˵ҺĢ»ףҲֲ˶ٺôϾһ̨ո»ף˵ĻѾʮꡣ
ЦЦһǳˣҲŶãһѧڣҲû˭
ҳܺͼꡢԽһˮƽϰ춢ͻɽҲһʡˮԴ
֮ǰϰһֱʽ̫ңû·սʶҲ㣬һ񲢲ô¡


115 
ڴĦ˹УѡǰȫǱ·ʱ, ۹УͬѡһѶȴ󣬾̵ıȣµĺۼ, ޴ѵɽ弴㵽ڱɸǺһ
ݷǼ֪ͨ, ǰʱ죬УҪڵֱ溮ֱֳĹڽͣڳܶӦñҪǺĵش, һ, ǻûгĿԡ
ֱֳ۷׷, Ȼ֮ǰǵľ񶼽ӵ֪ͨ, ѾܱϵʱжϽֻͨǺǰںʣڼϢֻǷż١ڱôһ˵ǲžĿ£ЩУ޷ѡ
Ӧݲ䣺۹Уѡ·ǲȡԴĻᣬ֮, ѶУУѡףȫƫԶ·ߣУװ, ʱл״̬·ݰǰ췽̽⵽, ·ԶԲࡣǻڷαԴ, ֻ׷λ
ɼƽͨԺȻĻϤ, ߵ·м䷶Χࡣ֪У˭ȵִյ㡣
Уѡ·ߣܿǵĶλ۹УҪԴҪٶȣԼʵžԵġ
ڶݶӵѶֱӷԴڽЩһֱڵڶݶӣһλתĴĦ˹У꼸ΪѲ⣬μֱѶȸߵı·ߡ
ֻһ죬˱ƻһ㣬֮κ޽ԲŹ治ƣԼƣˮѰޡ
ǼУؿۻң㲥Ҳһһ
۹УĦ˹УƽͨԺ˰ɣһȥô㡣
뺮ʱԽԽҪõԴƴɱ޲⣬УҪܹھ⼤ҡ
Ħ˹УҲ˼ӿʼ3sԱȫԱ3sǸĻֻˣ˵Դﵽ3sЧܺУһ
ֻ˵ƾУеӣҵ
˰ɣĦ˹УƣĵӣпȥУתһȦѧУõģٳüѧ׸㻵ˣ᲻ûǮޡ
ɳǱضкܶѧУȫˡ
ðɣɳǱʦѧУԤ־ԸѧѡĶǴĦ˹У
ѧɧģҽһȥĦ˹У
ǰ滹ԤϽȥѵֱʲô

Ϣıɽʱûޡ
Ħ˹˿ͣһΧȫǱɽĵطŵµıѾ׶ᣬȥ١ȫӰ첻Աߡ
СӴսз񣬾͵פ
һ񼸽ҺıУǼ㴩źĳѥҲܸе̹ǵĺ˵פ˯ȥ˯ڱϡ
췽Ϊʲôܷһ񣿡ڳ˶ɵˣΪܸȥǹɺֱͷꡣ
Ա߰رɽϣԻء
ɽ䣺ھ˳УŽҲգֶӻһ̶ϻֹܷ޹
վ溮ˣ䵲ס纮ӱϲӿͬ˯ţҲûа취⣬ֻǴпŰ졣
Ծһڰرɽϣڱɽݴ˴󲿷ֺ
Ƕô䣬Ǹܡ·УӳԱSA̫
ּͳȥˡ˴֣˿ҵޣûô䡣
ܲܰסAҡдԭ⣬Ϊ3sָӣֱӰ֪Ӷ𺦡
촽ѾɫĽ滹ڹ۲˵λãҵʵķ㡣
֮ǰָӶ˲һ̶Ȼ⺮Ӱ졣ͷŽµı飬Ǵıɽ˱ûκʡ
˿ߵıɽεضõס봵ĺ
˰Ѿ׺ûдӱɽͶϢ
ŸУֱĹѾ׼ϢֱֳѾвٹڴ˯ŵԱҲûٿ˵ֻǿŸУľͷ
û˯Ƶһɽϼҹ˳ɽ̵Ķ״̬ĿԵеɢ
Ϣģҹİ࣬űɽ˫˯˻û˯ţ
ҡͷԱ߻ɽڣӦû¡
˸Ҫ࣬۹УǱ춯ܵ޹
Ųһ٣תŵ۹Уֱͷ
С޳ڵ۹УмӦǾϣЩ޿̫ˣûǰ֣
Ȼ۹УǱʦҲȫѹüڵľУ׺޲
ܵӰأšüӦǾһС޳ѡ
šվǰָ״̬
۹УʦǱߣûг˵ϵѾã⻹ǵһô
׻ѧʧʱ򡣡ƽͨԺʦͻȻοԱߵ۹Уʦǡ
ѧ棬˶ɿѣΨӦǾܣӲҹ֮սǴκ󣬾ͲǼ򵥵ġѧ
УȸȥֿޣԸ߽ޣ˾ͽκͼ껤ӦǾ͹Ǿ
ӦǾĮȻŶޣһһǱȥ
ÿһһͷͻȻ£һֱߵսԵͣ½Ų̧һεĶ˲䵹¡
ٸսף׼սУӳԱȻŵԼǰޣʧ
ԭϢӦǾתƺֻһѰ¡
˽ӻڳӦǾԱߡ
ֱֳһĬ
ղŻŭĵ۹УʦнһʦŤͷƽͨԺղſڵʦѧſЩ
ƽͨԺʦǣ
治֪ҹ֮սʲôֱͷڵӦǾЩп
ǵ۶ǱߵĦ˹УΪϴȻòôҪսۼ¼
ҲڳɳӦǾֻǸܳһ
ȻЦЦҲǸ
У˱㲥ѣŵ۹УǱĹ˼졣
ǲ˯ӱɽߵĽߵҪҲȥޡ
ƳһۣϺúϢ
ڵ۹УնɱޱƽͨԺࡣͷŹڵأǻ˵㡣
ŬȥϢˡ
ûҹֻ˯šһڰԽԽˡ
ٶȿĻǾܳȥƽͨԺǰ档Ҳûô˯ţȫǵͼ·ߡ
ƽͨԺǱߡ
гԱ״̬Уһ㣬ǿ˯š
ʱ㲥󣬼ӳԱڳŹ
۹УٶȺܿ졣·ʱ׺
Ħ˹ʲô˼Խʡ
һĦ˹Ǹȫڱڡ
볭ǰ档·ʱײнĴ㣬ӹ󡣡
ԽŤͷһУӳԱӿٶǰУԽԽˡ
ƽͨԺʼе


116 
ڶһ, Ħ˹У·
ΪʲôֵǱǰͷԹо˲
ϲ, ҲͬĻ, ̫ˣǻűů£ȫá
ٸ·һȥȻûޣҲûͻϮܵıɽʧ, ֻһ޼ʵıԭ
оطѾûޡ, ô̲ס, ǲ̫, Ƕˡ
滷ΧĶԱûޣǼ·߳ԭȥ졣
¶̫ͣ豸̫٣нҲգǻ֧һʱ䣬ȫС
Ȼ鴫
ڴͬʱ, ѡ·ߵУѶУҲͬо¶ԽԽ͡
նɱ޻ûɽࡣФɫãУɱ˶٣
ڵ¶ԽԽ, ׻Ҳ½, ð, 簲λϷ˼ǰ, һ󵨵ľȫԱ״̬Ǹȥյ㡣
ȫԱ״̬ԥķѴԴѾ˲Դ
Ϸһ۵ͬʱдĦ˹УĸϸõԴҲ٣㹻֧ȫԱ״̬Ŀǰö֪ⳡλ˵
ӣΪ㣬ȡÿһ
߰ɡϰͨȽȥס
УĿһ£·ֱֳ߲ͬƽͼԿУ˻״̬ϸյ㡣
ǲԽԽˣŴĦ˹Уֱͷü
ϸһᣬȷˣΪˡ
Ƥ˼£֪ΪΣЩ𽥼꣺ǵøϿ뿪ԭԽԽ
ž
Ħ˹УһͷͻȻѿǸͷ˲·һźţĦ˹ڵеͷʼһһѿֱһ泹׺
ȫĦ˹УʦǿƲסվ࿴ţȫ֪ʲô
ɷӦͨڸ߿ϵľԱԼһԱ
źŲã̵ֻһƬž϶ס塣
ƽͨԺǱʦɫѿˣ
ŵڶ죡ôǰˣ
ǵʦҲվ֮ͨѶ˲䱻ƻǱߵͷ
ͽޱ鿴źľͷתͼȥϵ߿ϵľԱǡ
ǻںٴǰ״̬ʱ۹Уֱͷʼһһ顣
ɵ϶Уʦ֪ͨѧлᡣ
ƽͨԺʦֱͷڵѧҪʱ䣬Ħ˹У͵۹УںλãֻҪƽͨԺܹʶԾȫԱٻһ
˷ϵԱĴĦ˹У͵۹УУʦԥûӹȥ
ѶУ֡˭ҲûϵѶʦһվھ֪ͨϷ
췽Ǳרϵ߿֮ϵľԱˡ
˼ѶУ߿ʻ·Ա֪ͨһ֪ľУǣѶ֡
˵֮ڳȥУФȥǺܿ͵յ㡣
ѶУѾѡڰҲЧԱǿӲɡ
ʲôФȥʱһŷ
ѶУʦǿʼߣʱҲеڣһҲá
Ҳѡ֡ͻȻ
ʲôʦ𾪣ǲ֣Ѿȥ״ֻ̬Ҫٹһִܵյ㡣
ֻҪȥûˡɼҪ֡
ֻԱʦҡʦʼղͬ⣬Ȩ
ڴĦ˹У͵۹УںģʧȥϢͷû豸Ǹ߿ϵľԱȶʧȥϵˣΪµĺд
ֻʣƽͨԺѶԼУѶУ
ֻҪûôӣǵһǵڶʤǰôԾôȨ֡
ɿʦΣ󵱳ͨѶھž˵ǱϵУУʦ
Ȩڷ˹ھʦžͷڵľУʾѧУѾƽͨԺǰ档
УžǱ߸ѹֻǿӲǳ֣ⳡ
УֻܺѶУһȨ
ʦ˫۳춢ɣڵǸʱ㵽岻ǾУ״
ʹĦ˹УѾڱԵ״̬ۿŴĦ˹УУʦһֱѹųĸ
ѧŲҪ¡ɲΪ滹лõλ
һֻҪõֵܻڵ
ǽôʱ䣬ѶУѾŷ쵽ڡ
ͬ⵽֪УֵȻҲԸ
ڽӵϢǣУʧȥϢϷˣٲȥϺҲȥԱţ߰ɡ
һʱֿУջ˷
䶨ֻʣƽͨԺһУ
ͷ·ʱ׳Χ˿ƺЩԣ˽ף׼״̬ǰС
ֱֳƽͨԺʦҲˣڳֻʣһУϸյ㣬ʦֻϣһӹȥ
ȻϣȻա
һСʱ֮ʣµУͷȫըѣлֹͣ

ֳû˽̸ֻźľͷ
ǳûУѶУʦϵϵľԱ
ͨѶû˽ӡ
ղǲѾӽˣѶʦͨѶƵӵ̲ס°ͣüë壬ˣӦܳ
ôżԱʦɫѿ
Уѧڻһ·
ƽͨԺʦɥǱڳ˸ֻ꺮ûô죬γɵҪһʱ䡣
˵ʱ㹻ƽͨԺѧǳ
ոսӵ֪ͨ٣ֳ˳롣Ӧ·ϯڴ룬ߣѾͣ档
վû˻ƣЩѧô죿
ڻûκһУѧĦ˹Уһǧˣȳ£ںϢ
ȳߣҲáߣѾϵǱߵˣȥ취
ֳʼɢɫΪѿ
ڱ쿪ʼǷ߲εĽ˭ҲδϵǰǷЩѧ
Ϣˣ˳ˣ
Щʦ췽ԱʱͻȻյǱߵϢ
Ķ
ǲѧˣѶʦæʵ
Уʦ֪ԼѧϣԼѧУ֡
ѶУյϢĹԱǸոմӳڷɳֱϣҲȥ


117 
ʱ, Ħ˹Уôλãһ˲һƬհףʲôҲ벻
ǽȷӦ, ԺУף
ʱԱȷӦȽס
׿, Ӧ޻˷ͷȥѻûнڵУӳԱ
˽׺󣬴ѹƬ, Ӧ
Ǻҿ˿Ѿ, ийٶڴһϢ䡣
ôǺ˵ǽŻղŲ㶳ɵˣڽڻǶ߶£˵Ų
ѹеĳ⣺Ȼǰһʱ, ǰǰȫܡ
ҺվġӦɺ̽Ũⲿ̤ȥջؽ, ﷴû䡣
Ļ, ˶ʱ, ս, ʮӺܡԸȥ
ɽͷ˿, Ҳصĺڸ, ֻʣ°ɫǵıڽ𣿡
ӦɺӵͷԼսһ, ĿǰеļؾͷֻʧЧըѣû´ֱڵӦѾǵĻ档
ԽԽصİٶ, ܿͻᱻǡ긲ǵʱ, ڿһܸǡԽвȥ, ǴģһǵһľУͿУ֣ܲ˷һ
˵꣬ʵЩûϷˣûˣ
˵үһܻһ׸
濴ŻײڵĺɫťҧֱӰ¡
ۼ⣬Դưˣһӣʲô
Ҳû˵ĴºţͷһᣬûеԱ
ȻƻͨѶźšȻûյԼֵϢӳأ߿еķӦҲ⣬ֻԾȡ
ʮӺ󣬽յ˵ս嵥ӽжϣ֪ӦɺӣЭʦҵĻףԴ䡣
ɽͷ̽ܲܳȥ
ָӣø֪̽Χĺ仯
֮£۹Уûôˡ
κ֮ôӣΪɺͬںĵУĦ˹Ϊպں۴ûܵˣõ˴Ϣʱ䡣
۹Уȴںģܵҵĳ
ھͷը˲䣬ƽض𣬵۹У˽Դش
ӦǾ֣ٿظ֪ʵ廯ʵڣż귴ӦڣӳԱ
УӳԱͼͬһʱףȻ˾ͽԼǾ졣
ΪӦǾ֪ʵ廯ͬʱٿУӳԱ˼룬ֱӽס
˾ͽŤͷڵУӳԱٻʱŽ׵ӦǾȻǳ3ָ
ӦǾײڲ³ѹֵѪֲ̧ƽⲿǰǴλãֹ˾ۼһҳڡ
ָָ߿գˡ
ͨѶжϣѱȲǡӦǾõȫǳ䡣
Ӧûǡ˾ͽεǿҪ졣
ڰǰѾжнͨҪ
˾ͽΣ
ӦǾǿгŸ֪ʵ廯ҪһΧȦǰơ
ӻڣܲҹվӦǾԱߣʵ
úӦǾڣȴǻӦ⣺ڼǿ

ǳĴ¥
У棬ôܾʦҪ󷲺Ƿӽ뼫Ѱ
ǵѧҲ棬ҶͬļǴüͷ壬ںǰ죬溮仯ˣȥѰǲڹȥҪһܺ󡣡
һܣܲܳŹһܶ⡣ʦһô3s棬ӦǾǱȥ
ǴûӦſϷѶУʦȻЦһ֪żˣʱʦҪ֣㻹ͬ⡣ûǶʱ䣬˵УѾˡ
˵ʦɣһƺѾõĻʦϲϺ󣬼ӡʦ֣ڣɱ㲻ʦʡȥˡ֡
ǰʦһһ޷
ֻѧѾ˷лڻҪȡѰ
죬֮ȥѰʦȻֵ
Ǵʵ˿Ρ۹У˶棬ǲòӦ
һѾ޶ȣǰȥֻ·һǴ˵ʱĿûǱߣﻰȨˡ
Ӧݡ
ӦһһҹûۣαϣѾԪ˧ˣԴӽ뼫
һ
죿ǴҪȰ죬ɴڲȶ״̬
ӦݴĻ۹Уһȫ棬Һ͵˻һ佫Ǵ ʬ塣
ʮҲѾڸ·ϣϣ֮һͬȥ
ǴȰ˵ˣɫеѿǵǸѾȫرգڲϵ˽
һͨѶ⣬ڷϵ˽ڽֱԼȫ¶УֻҪ룬ҵϵĸ©
ԺһٱǰرսͨҪϵϷֹ˶Էͼı
Լѧ棬ҲżϵȣѧҪ󣬿ƽͨԺľУǿԼ֡
֮ǰѾֺǻῪʱͨǳȥڽҲͬһ¡ֻߣ
ûءӦݸֱ˵ǷŲǽҪ
֮⣬ҲҪ
ǴµѾսȫǺʮȫҪĶ飬˵
棬ǽǿܻûǴ
ѶУҲϵʱԸѶʦ͸ա
ѶУһˣȫں֮ǰˣУҪûˣѶϴˡ
Ǵܾ̾أȥ.彻һСʱ֮Ǵ𸴡


118 
ǿľʩѹ, мԪ˧֧ţǵҹһСʱ߲飬ͬ⿪ŸۿСʱ
Сʱ, ʮִ뷲ǣۿڹر, ϵٴο˭Ҳٽ
ʮ͵ܲһϵ⣬ƫƫѧУһ, ڵĻᶼûС
Ѿ֪ͨǣȫСҲ, Ħ˹Уȳ£ͽѡԭ·йϵû
ʱǹ̶, м֧ţǰһҲ, ֻǱ߹Ա, ûз, ʾǽ뼫Ż١ڵĺͻȻǰ, ûκס
ǰ, ǱߵļûκηӦ
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Ļڵ˺ȻӦӦڵҲɱ侲ָӣһӦˣֻҪǾܳһʱ䣬һҵǡ
ҵأ
ûУԪ˧ΪԼӦΪӦǾĸףȻ˽ӦǾһ˻ټ߳Уô˻ûָ
ڷĴ¥12㣬˽ȥͨѶƵʹáӦѵ
ͨͨѶܿʧЧֻзǵľƵãƵϢ뾭ɷǱߡ
ǰôӦرͨѶǰйӦǾĻ
ҽ˵ʱûмǰһӪҺɷָϡûˣӦ˵ڴ˵¶ȡ
ӦҲû˵ʲôֹֻ̧ͨѶ
ٺ󣬳ڼеıؾܣꡣ
ÿһʱ䣬ڵӣ¶ȿ֪
źţ⼫ĹԱ
УʦΧ˹
Աϸ׽ֱڴϢȷǷźţ

һѧʦ
߿ջͷҲһǵѧѶʦԱ˵
һڣʦɫ˲ѿƫƫ޷ȷʵͷ
УֶһϣԼУѧŸ߿ϵķˡ
źλҵˣԱָƶһﴦڰž÷ȥӦ
ΪϢУ˶޷侲ŷǵ˽ܷȳ
ȥ˶ãſڣ˫ֺ£ϣеĽʼڸǲˡ
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Уˣ
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Ҵȥʦûлش⣬У˵
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ҺʦǰǳˡɽЩңʱڷϽܵĿ£˲⣬Ĳ翪ѡ
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ȥϴˮ裬豸ϰáʦ⡣
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֪˲ǣУһʱ仹Խܡ
⼸УʱѡĻᣬǴĦ˹УֵĻᶼûС
򣺡ܶһУҲ
ȳ侲ſڣںģֶԻϤ
漸ʱƽͨԺ̫࣬ҲûӦǾԽ֪ʵ廯ˣ֪Щѧܼܲ졣
ڶãʮһǾȥǡ̾ϢҲ棬ϣҵЩѧٴڷڻܶһʱ䡣
ѧһڲϹͨԱֻʣµ۹УʹĦ˹У
ƽͨԺʦȻУĶԱȣƽͨԺѧںģϤʱֽ˻ףʴߡ
˶ڵȴȫԼʮĵ

л׼ϣԴÿܴһ졣ӦɺŪ㱨
Ҳһͷˣ޻ڲڣ
صû˶á
ǻҪĸġУӣСеʦָӵĻףʡ̨׵ԴһԱ߻Żʦָӡ
ұʦָӵĻױԴ
Ӧɺ룺һҪλĳ˵ġҪһЩ
ԡͬ⣬Ǿ죬ҿҪˡ
˵꣬һЩ͵Լڵķ֪޼ûУҪ֡
ڲҪֻ׻ܣ֮ǰڹӦɺӺһΣо顣
ҪֳЩʦ
մӻڳӦɺӱ㶳סˣû̫ຮѾܲˡ
Ƕ㡣ʦټӣ˷ֱָ
ӦɺûΪãʾһ̨׺󣬱Ҫڻů
ܿų̈ףУӵĻʦЩڲṹ⣬֪ôģҡ
Уӻʦʲôʱ׵Ҳܸˣô
ȫ֪ǻʦɳĮķֵ£ܱСӵĻʦֻ֣ţƵݣ֪˾
ôˣûжУӻʦǣûѧ᣿
ˡлʦ񣬿ʼֿٸڲ
һ׵£Ϊʦô˵᣿
ᣡ


119 
ôˣʸϻͻɽ
˵Ļȫ˪, £ǲ㺮̫󣬻Сɺپɢ׽ֻб˺ѵĽ, ҪҷӦ죬ǿܼˡ
תһȦû˺ۣתʻɽ
ͻҲɲȥɽ, ֻ, ղһ·, ѡ
𣿡ʡ
ԣĴ󡣡ɽУǱ߿ȥЩ˵ĻܳŲס
ֻҪ߳, Ӧûһ㡣Ŀ, Χ, ԷУӳԱ˳¡
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ӦɺǱߣһŻʦ죬Զּӿ˼֡
ʦ
Ӧɺӿԣȥ
ʦ쭵£ǻعûиԼͻʷǱѾֻ˻ס
Уӻʦǣһð, һˮƽ̫
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Ӧɺվλ, УӵΧ, м䴩׵, ӵ׵վϡ
Ħ˹, ϷںʵԲ
֣뺮ڲɿվмĵشСɸȥֻ·һʮ־ģʱһָǶ
ȦԲǣ֣ͻɽסԼУӳԱ֡
εһǣվǰ棬ƶͻɽվƽнϡ
ͦĵش
뿪ۣ뺮ĵش˲䣬һϣڻҲܸܵⲿĺ䡣
赱ʱǴλãۣûнףѾʧȥ
ĵشŨأɼȼָֻͣܿӵĸ֪ƶ
ӷ;ŵӷСɸ󡣡
ԱԺУѸٱǷ仯ˣĽǺԲûб仯ֻǶ㿪
ӻɽ߲һԱûзӦĻ׵һ
񡣡ɽѡ
׵ҲǸ油λø£̬ȣе㡭¡
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ָӺͻʦɽûаοһʧأ߶ˣҲûл·
׵һǸ
˵Ϊһ𣬱ûʸ˵¡ɽ֣߰ɡ
ĵش¶ȼͣ˻״̬ڵһֱ죬ֻڲ¶ȡ
ݡӦɺмлƶʱݣ562ŻڶʮӺֹϣ439ź215סһߡ

ӦɺڲͣעԲףУָǣܱ̽ߵĸԷȥ
ǲ֪ĵشж೤Զֻҧһߣ;вУӻ׳⣬ʦֻܳܿΧСӵһߡ
˵ĻѾϺı˪ͷȫûɢļϵӰԽԽء
иá
Ħ˹УĶһα任ֻתʱͻȻֿɡ
ǽɢ
ѣֻһɾȻַֿһ̨ûüӦȥ
ǣס֡˫һߵĻ׻סԼ˳
Լס̨ס
תƽеÿһĻɺ
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ȥˣȦĽ
λãάֺͣҪҡ
ûлӦָˡ
鰲쳣ڸոʧһԱУӳԱ
Ա߻׵ŤͷղŵĵطȥײƬˣڵĸɸɾ
ĻҺĢչԺáһתʱӦɺӶǰзִ硣
иƨķִ硣Ĭһᣬֿڵ
Ӧɺӣȥһ̨ڵ˶ûϣ
ղűȥУָӵĻףָӺУӵ
һ㣬һȥˡ
ǽܲˡ
ӦɺͻȻֵղǾ仰¼ˡ

ȳȥŸӦɺӴЦˡ
һԷб³ȥ֮үˡ
ȦĽһֱû˵Ļ·֪Ѿһͣ۲Χָ
ЩͻȻֳɺüɣҪҵеĹɣһϺ󣬲Ųлױ롣
ǰнһСʱ˿УӳԱĻѾ֮һ⡣
ǻǵ͹˺ĵشĿ£AŵʱӦɺԤлҪ١
ҳȥޣսһ档лʦ롣
ҪˣӦɺӵһֹ
ĵشûзܳŵ˶ã
ҴԱߵ·бů£ԵһᡣλʦȻ֣ȥ޺ãǻ׻˸߲ȥǻʦıְ޺ûףʲô¡
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һλͣ£·Ļʦȫһ㶳סˣǽø֪̼ЩʦӦ
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Ħ˹УӵĻʦѾ㶯һбмָӲؽ滻ϡ
ˣлʦˣ˲ڡ
΢һ
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ĻʦǱǱ֮ɡ
ʣ¼ʦɲϻȥҪ޺棬һʦ޵ľԼĻףûдڶ㱣ů£ȡº󣬻ڲҲʧȥ¶ȣ滹һλͬӵ
Բ𡢶Բ𡭡ʦ۾૵۽ǵỹûлѾɱ
һ˲䣬ؿӿ޴ıߵУӳԱڵУӻʦ
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档ӦɺӺһ
ŴӸղֵĻþл
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120 
վԭ, ûа취ٽղŵ״̬ͷѡûиˣǿҪ˼·
Ħ˹УΪղŵĸ֪ʵ廯, Ĵ
ϱƻĻȫ޺ãнٶȱּӿһЩ
ѲɽҲǸصĳ3s߶߶3212Ƿˮô𣿡
죡汻ͷۣ3sô򵥡
ڸоһϵк֢ʼ, ǰе߲
ҧǰ, ;ηֹ, ڴʱѾ˾飬Եÿһ־Եľ裬ûлױС
ǲǿˣɽͻȻ, ˵㡣
, ϸ۲, Ȼʼˣ˵ǿʼԶ뺮ĵش
ȫǰߣҼ֡ǿž
ʮ֮󣬴Ħ˹Уһ˳߳ŨС
ڳˡ̾
Ǻ˱ԭӦɺӴǰĻ
ⶼѾ̬ˡͷźĵشŨγһ޴ɫ壬ƶš
Ǳȡ֪֮ǰ, ۹У򡣡
˵ûгȥɽʡ
Ҳ
ܲȥǣʵ϶ĳ
ҡ滹Ҫ˵ʲô, ȴֱεڻײ, ײܿƵϵ
ɽӦ, ǰ, סĻס

ĳ˿̨Ļ˻ҳ
ʱ, ޳ס̨Ѿʼ˺ѵĻס
ò˵ĢҺ޳رܳ
˺Ļף޳ܵһʧȥ»ָԭ
̨ףɸȥ׾ߵ㣬˳
˻ԴٿػԵµĻ׵ǻ𣿡
˺ð죬ײڲŴ΢š
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̨׻վƵòӡ
һǻʦָӣʵ
ָӡ
ǵĻ׿˿ָӣսûвϣ
浥ָңڵս﷭ʵĲϡ
УҡֱӴӻķһ˸£㣬Ұǰޡ
Ȼһֱ©ҲǸ¡
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ǸҾ˵ңˣֱӱӣͷ޻ס
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ҲܣָǰҲУӵģָӵĻ֣ȥġ
ʦͻ׵Ǹףָֻ
ָӣ֪ΪΣе顣
̨ףˣǰţָҲ֪ģ֪Ҳָӹϡ
ˣʵ
ָӣǵ۶ǵģǷǵˡ
룺ǶǴϵˣ
ָӣ

ô۹УƽͨԺʡ
ָε۹У̫ˣSָӶһƬAûҪѡ
أ
ƽͨԺװůĳһ䣬䣬ɳǲҵļң

ָӴŵʣΪʲôĦ˹У
ң̾ṩѧѴǽˣͦȥ۹Уġ
ָӳĬԭôصɡ
żҳ𽥷ǴʲôС
̨ţͻȻͣǲе죿
ָĴΧΣ񡭡յ㡣
ͼǶˣյƺ
ߣȥյ̨˷ܵ

᲻3sޣָ֮ǰյ㸽е3s߽ޡ
ˣʹǸ߽ҲãֵطǷǵˣٱǸ˽⡣
ײڵüǸȥյ̨ˡ
ָӲʣָ֮ǰ˵ֹˣǻҪȥյ̨ʲô
յֲ̨ǳڣǱûš
㲥˵ֹ𣿡Ťͷ
ûУͻȻӦʱֹУҲбΧĿԡָӻش
Ȼûнӵ㲥֪ͨǾֹͣ㡣ڻײڴ˸ָڿʼڽС
ָӣ
¶̫ͣյ̨Ĺ㲥Ӧñˡһ˼
ȹȥٲУǿȥǰš
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ǲŴȦָԥʵ
ͦǰŲһͣ
ָϵ̲ٿػǰ·
ΧаȻԼһϡӰӣܼɵ͡
ָƾŸ֪䣬߶·ңңյ̨Ѿ۶ˡ
ƣյ̨Ĺ㲥类ƻˡ
˼ǰߣһֱߵյ̨ǰ
Ħ˹Уӣܿ˿УӶڣȻûκһУɹ졣
ǣμĹھǴĦ˹УѴĦ˹Уǰָӣ¼񣬰һĻ¼֤ݡ
ָӣͻȻеϲĸоô£
ͨѶȻã¼ܻڣָӻе򿪹ԣŻӴ¼񣬶ʹġ
ǵҲ¼ûһУժ졣ǴĦ˹Уġ
ָӺ͵ԣ̽ͷת۶ϵص죬ÿһĵװס
˶Ħ˹ϲıмͷƣǴĦ˹Уľ죬ȵÿˡĲƴɳĮɳǡϵĽĦ˹֮ǴĦ˹У
žͷӵãڲ̧ͷǣ㻹ԥԼԥӱУǴĦ˹УʵûзۣʺҪʵˡѧѧ㶼ˮƽߣ˵ֺУѡĦ˹׼û
һ뿪ͷˣ¼صǳȥý壬
ָӣ
Ⲩû뵽ġ


121 
ڱǿײڵĵͻȻ
ָӣһûɣûûײյĺϵͳ⡣
ľ, 꺮ǿƶ䣬¶رС
ָӺ͵һСӣ˽˵ֻ, յƽ̨ܻڱǿ
΢ȵȡٿػͽյ̨·豸
ָӿűƿյ̨ڸʲô
ܲ޺ù㲥Ҳ, ֱӻ, ƿƽ̨¡
յƽ̨췽ͨѶԴ, һ죬±˲Ӧ֮и߿յȺķõʾ֪ͨ, յĹ㲥ɢ
ײڵĵ͸Ӵڳ, ˻һһֻ۾Ƥ񡣡
ڼ, 3s׵ǿ, Ҳû취ʱ䡣
ȥ, 豸, ߡ
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Ź߹һת˲, 𿪵Ļֽһı
ʱԼڹֱطżӦǾ, Աܸ֪ʵ廯, ̫ࡣŻڲͣ·, ˿ؼ, ץԱߵԴ飬ֱӿµ豸
ײָӺ͵üһһ׶ǽһˮ
ߣʮӡһף㿪ʼġ
ֹ㲥Ӧ豸Ȼ׼̫࣬һ׽ṹá
ָӣյ㣬ΪԲģڻкܳһξҪߡǰǲߴ·
յͳھ벻ÿǵִյ󣬻зӡ
豸ɨɾͨɳǵߣʱ
ˡԡ
豸ǣŻɫ߲Լϡ
յʮڶʱһϤ㲥ϲĦ˹ɹִյ㡢ϲĦ˹
ָӣһҪôʽ
һᣬеϧ˵㣬û㲥
ָӣУ㴦豸ӦҲˣ߿ͨѶźϣ㲥ͬš
ҲСŤͷ˿ڲͣŵĹ㲥Դ࣬һ·ŹȥһֱڣǱóھǴĦ˹У
ֻԴ飬ռû׵Դ
ײڵָӺ͵ǰ·ں󷽣ÿһǱ߾Ϳʼ㲥ϲ
һ·ȥ
ԴĦ˹У𣬼ҲûôĹϲ

ĳķڡ
ղյ㲥ĵƺˡŸֹĻмһλԱŤͷͬµ
ôܣͬҲĸУ»죬ˣյƽ̨µ豸Ҳ类
ܲܰ죬ѹ㲥豸޺ˣ˭ô׵¡
濴ˡԱղյ㲥ĵˣҲ˰ˡ
ͬһƿˮӸԱȿˮһ㣬յƽ̨Ĺ㲥豸ûлǷϸƵҲѾ𣬳Ƿյܽղźš
ȻСʱǰϵľԱȥ̽ˣǱĵطյ㸽Ӧûĳ
̫ˡԱ̾˿
ȥϢˡͬ
ҲûУͨѶ豸ˣҪȷϵάԱѷڵͨѶȫ޺á
ת뿪һ룬Ļϵĺٴ΢

ָӣвУں棬ȷߣ
ָӲʵҲȷ
ΧѾۿɼټأڼǿ˵ԽߣӦ˷ããһƬ
˳һ̨ڹĹ㲥豸ʲôҲûУϵκˣֻһߡ
Դ֧Ű졣ָӵҪȻǾԭصȣ֧ŵʱܾһ㡣ʦӦûǡ
ȲͬһԮܲܽ⣬ǹѾڼ
ҲڣԴ꣬һָε֪Լġ
ߣ˵ܵڡֲиŹ㲥ƶǴԭø졣
ٴǰߣ㲥ʼûͣ
ϢһʱĹԱصԼλãڷάԱޣԱʱʱȥ̽·û¶Լλ
ϣ˫ŹĻͷвٻգУλһ洢Դķ䣬ԭȹĻ϶أڻȫˡ
ڷʱԱǴյ㲥Ĺ㣬ٴ⡣
쿴ԱæԱ߳Ϣͬ£ˣˣ
ͬԺ̧ۣһĹĻѹ̫ˡ
ԱнֺȥĹ㣺Ŀˣû⣡
ڳϵͬºȻë̺ڵҲ˲ãǰŹĻϳĺ㣺ˣô᣿
˵ҿˡԱ
ͬܵĴǰ⿴ȥûжǷԭأôк㣿
ԱʣǲյĹĻʾˡ
ܡͬŤͷŹĻʼάԱѾ
ϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㣬ϲ
һ㲥˳ź紩
ͬ䣬ԱߵĹԱ𣿡
Ա㶵ͷǹ㲥òǰþɡ
ǵ㲥ƺԽԽˣͬ°ڷڴ޲ðȥıѩڴϣֻܿããһƬ
ϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㡭
ǵһͬº͹ԱһۣԿԷ۵׵𾪡
ô£
һֱûжѲյƽ̨Լܹ
ͬµܣҪȥһ̽
˿ǵ㲥ԽԽڲҲˣ׷׻ֱͣеά޹
ʲô
ҿ챻ˣھͿʼ
ʲôƻþȻǴĦ˹
ȥ濴ͬһܣһߴ
ⲻǻþһԭ򣬷ʲôŻյĹ㲥ʼƶ
ѵʲôյ̨
֮󣬹㲥豸ʼ
ҲԹ֪ɳĮҺ
ָ̾ϧû취¶ھӢˡ
ͷԼԣ֮ǰĵƵԼ˺ϣûźţһֱڷС
ڵȲȥýˡ
ȺȥָͨѶʱ򲻹ôƵֱӷˡ
ǻһ̨ףٳŶʱ䣬𶯲ȥ쳣ƽҾ˵ھǰ档
ͬº͹Աһףӷڳվ棬ֻܼããһƬǵ㲥ԼԼƺԶ롣
Ǳߣͬ³ұ߷ɱȥ
ȵȾԱԱѾ첻˵ͬ±Ӱҧȥ
ԽԽˣ
ͬڻŹ㲥Ǿ޻ʲôһҪס

ͬŲԶȻԭأɵˡ
ţŤͷ󷽿ȥ
˿̹㲥ڽУϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㡣


122 
ããıԭ֮, ֻй㲥ǿطͬºͺĹԱ̨ףһ̨ڲͣϲ
ĵˣ²ڻϵߣù㲥, ٹص㲥, ǻֱһ, ǾУ
ûоա
ƽͨԺ߿մˡͬ°һԼ, ȥյ죬ʱ㻹յƽ̨豸װԼڣ
Աȭ, ֤, μǴĦ˹У˵һ
ͬºԱߵĹԱŰǲеˣ
ǾУأͬ¿ʵ
ʱڸƽͨԺķ, Ѿ˵, Ħ˹УƽͨԺʧȥϵ, ֻ̨Ħ˹УĻ, Īˡ
֪Ѿȥˡ˻ףû̫˪Ǹմӷڳһ̡
ǷˡԱάԱ, Ƚ
ָӣǻжٻԴһ㡣
߿մͷоԱ, жһ, Դ档
Դ, ڱȱ֤⡣ͬŤͷ
ײڵĵƽͨԺҲڷڣ
ͬº͹Աڵڶס
滹ˣԱʶ˳
΢΢һЦ·ͻȻ, ʦСӻ˵졣
֮ǰʱ, ѹУӳԱýԸ׵˵ȥЩţܳʤ
̫ǵʱڸ߿б䣬ûл֪ͨƽͨԺѧͬߣǵһľУ
ͣ˺ܳһʱ䣬沼˱˪վż̨ףͣı
ǽŹϡ
˳ס
ҲӻڳǱ豸ġ
Եȡף豸ǰУ߰ˣ豸ϣһͷ߰Լϡˣ롣
Ա
䲻⣬Աߡ
ں棬ְ¹㲥Ŀأ豸ǰߡ
ϲĦ˹ɹִյ㡭
ͻȻĹ㲥ɹǰλԱŵһŤͷʡ
˼ʵǸˣһõھ̲סҫ£Ǳ⡣
λԱ
һ˳ȥһ̨㲥豸ں档
㲥ڷڴ
ӹԱȥʱѾۼˣʼǻԼԼһڹ㲥ףֻҪӶϲĦ˹Ĺ㲥
ҾûǴĦ˹ˡƫͷ
һ·Աߵ˺ȫƽͨԺĹԱ
ʲô㲥ס˶䣬̫嵥Ļ
ɴȫƽͨԺװƷ
ˡ
ˣΧˣǰĹԱҲȫˡ
ĵָӣƴԣղ˵˲
У˽ͶƱƽͨԺٵװƷһѹ۹У
ΪЩϲѹԣȫ»˼ҵ۹УǴ󣬵ѧǸ顣
ƽͨԺˣ˸֪ȼ֣֮ʲôݲ
Ǵҹϵġܹҡ

Ħ˹УˣһλԱϹܲȹ˹㲥
Ƴװһǣ֪λУľԱǵڶˣ۶ǡ
ĹԱ͵¾УͬһĹԱԲͬУھԱ԰ճǩ䵽ͬϡ
ѹ㲥صֱоУ棿
ѶУУ֡УûгȥеͨѶˡ
У湤ԱǴȥϢǿԴ棬άޣһ޺ãлȥ
ҪԴֱӵ
Ҽǵ3sУãԴԸ㣬һѰˡ
üλУĿȻǵ۹У
ԡȥҴĦ˹Уˡ
ڷϢһʱõָ棺ȥˣǴ㲥豸ܺãȥ÷Ÿ
ĻԴУ㹻ԴԼһʽͨѶǣһΧϵҡ
жһԴ׹󣬾ԱǱ̿Դٷ䡣
ʰãûӪҺ
Уһ٣ǽǣԼá
ŤͷһӪҺ߹ȥҪŽսС
ʲôУ𾪡
ԥȣﲻԡ
˵ġУҧź˵ڡ
ͷڵӪҺһŷУǰ𣿡
УĬ
óһӪҺ
УȻ
һţó֧ӪҺٸˣУһСڳ塣
У
ֿٿһ֧УǰתȥҲܱʲô顣
һ˳ȥѰǰԱѵ
ڰǰɨÿһطǡȻϮǱѩǣͼ߹ȥܴص㡣
ûˣҲ·ߣΪӳȥ׼
Ҫʱ䷵̣пܷ޺ú뿪ܳͨѶΧ

Ħ˹У顣
浹һ̣˵Ķǲʧȥһֳָ£ûгӿĵش
ҡû¡汻ԼеѪǺѣϸС
ɽΪ֮ǰ֪ʵ廯
ⲻ˭׾£ӦǾֳʵ廯ϻһ·治ɫˣʵһݡ
ԽܶԸ֪Ӱ󡣡˲ǵѪһͺã˼·
ǴӱԭϵȣʵǺס
Ƭڽ·ǻƬ
߹ȥϥһȭ棬óƬǵ۹УĻס
һǸ첲ϵİա
͵ǿҲڸ
̧ͷ˿գصؿ֮ǰģע£ûײƬȥǡ
֮£ֹڼԽ࣬Խߡ
˴ʱ̹עܱ߱㣬Ψ©һϢ
ײڵĽ棬͸ӴǰĵвõĲ롣
֪ʵ廯֮󣬽ųӦǾжǿһڣ۹УȻлĻȺĵش
棬Ħ˹Уǲ̤һ޴вС
᲻ģһ·ţȻʵ
ģӦɺʶǹ۲ֻһġ
ûоԵ£۹УʵĿǰԸǣЩУӳԱҵĻײƬܵвƺǻҪ󡣡
ӦɺӳĬӦǾǸֻԼ£ȴǿҪöʮλ3sӿŵø硣
ת򡣡̧ͷŻҰɫգ˿£ǰС
ʲô𾪣Ҫ䣿ܲٳһ
죡ɽһ䡣
ʱѻ졣


123 
ӦǾ֪ʵ廯Ϻ, ˽ԵõϢʱ䣬ֻΧӿתж˺Ѿߡ
ڵܸܵ˺, Ϣвڶӡ
ںĵشǾվǰҧӦǾ, ô죿
߳ȥӦǾɵ, ƺûʲôܹ, ʦСеĻס
ںĵش۹УûиܵΪӦǾһ˵סĺ
ͨѶʧȥź, Ҳϵϡ
ǵʱڸ߿, һױߡǾлȻ, , ǼʮǰһλΪѰ޲ϵĻʦ
λʦĸס
û뵽, ʮܻ͸һĽ
ӦǾϵͷŸ֪, һѪɫȥֻʣ²԰סγɵ˼
ЩʲôУӳԱƲסԼ
һһٿϣͣײš
ӦǾŶ鲻ͣ٣ı䷽
ֹ, ˼ǰʱԽԽ, ײǵܹ֧, ʱ, , ñȷ֧֮ǰд֡
ÿһײ, ľսΨһϱ飬ӦǾŲסȻһһȥֻסеߡ
Щ׷ǡ۲һʱ䣬ƶ
ԡӦǾʾͣ£ٷЩϣջγһ޴ʱϱᱻ飬Ƿֿߡ
ӦǾҪһ˿ʵ廯ϣӳԱУӵһ

У뿪ӦǾıƻ
Ҫ⣬㡣ǿӲӲڣֻһ
˵꣬ЩڣЩӦ˵
ӦǾ治ӵ嵭ȴѹȣֻҪ룬ûѹҡ
ײڵӦǾٿʵ廯֪Σֱһӡ
վԱߵ˾ͽľһ޷һӦǾȴŸ֪Ӳ˺ôϻȵûκ⡣
ߡӦǾΧŵ˺һӣ۹Уͳȥ
󼧳뿪ϣӦǾһһߡ
һϣ˲ܵĵشAվվҡҡ׹
۹У˻ͷȥǸԶӦǾһ˳ôʵ廯ϣ
3sָӣ۹УҲǵһʶ俰ƿµ
̩²֪ΪĬĬָӦǾȣӦǾӦǵǿָӣʡ
Ҳͦһӱĵ3s3sô࣬Ҫѡ̩¾Ժǿ
ûʲôɣˣ˭Ҳ

Щû׷ŵ۹УĶӦǾ뿪
ƺʵ廯ϼΪȤҲ˵ǽϵӦǾ
۹У鱩¶ںĵشָǻܺӦǾָ֪ӣʱ任͡
۹Уһ·󣬷µγɣżᳯǹ
ӦǾͣ˱ǰбߵ
նϱȥĻ׵һֱֽۣ˻Ͽڴ
նֱ۵Ļ׵̶Ի״ڴȡʩԷ֡
۹УսḻǶнͬĵشĴĦ˹УҪɣҲͲ١
ˡ˾ͽοŵŶǰܡ
ûа취ֻܱܿ
Уи˷Ӧģ㱻ץסᣬС
ЩǾһõĲ²⣬ƺʶ
ʶ˾ͽŤͷ˵Щǻģ
ϣ䵥ĻסǾ˱ۣıֲǶΪʲôʶ
Ļɽ챻ȥУӵǰֱʵǺʶ
Ǿһϣѳʶ
ȳȥǵĶԻڵĿֻһӳĵش
۹Уÿһ룬Щ㿪ʼǿࡣ
ӶЩƣӦԣֱһ˲䣬ʼɢ
Ҫˣ˾ͽʼ١
ͣһۣˡǳ֮ǰӦǾ뿪ķƶ
ź뿪۹УǰУ뿪ĵش
˽һҪУ
ָӡǵĸ֪ϿˡУӵһָվŵ
ս֣˶Ͽˣ
Уеָ˻ش𣬳ĬǴ𰸡
Ҳס֮ǰûз¡
ӦǾ֪ǿ󣬴һ볡УָǸ֪Ӿ롣
УָӺУָӵĹоƣһԶʧȥӡ
Źȥá˾ͽβţǵľ벻̫Զѣָһܳ
ڸ֪ϿڱʾӦǾǱ߳¡
ô죿ʼ꣬ҪȻߡ
ǰΣߡ
۹Уٺú󣬱ǰУҪҵڡ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬ͻȻ𣬳෽ɱȥ
Բۣ
ջǰ̽·Ŷȥ㱨ôͻһ
ٿػ׿˿ű̫䵶֣̲סһ䣺ëͿ
֣ͣǴĦ˹ˣת뿪˷ѿࡣ
Gôˣȥվŵĵ۹У飬ء
ǾšüŴĦ˹УûǴӦýɳˡ
ǶֻһǾ
ǣں棬ǿײƬһȥûʲôһȦͻȻʣǵ۹֮أ
۹У˳Ĭ˼
۹֮۹֮ʲô
ʲô۹֮𣿡Ǿµ˵˭
һ۹֮ǣôûˣ
۹Уԣ̶ŭĿӡ
ǴӺûм
ֹǼˣǸղź̧̧°ͣҪҪһߣ
ǴӺҲճ˾ͽηǵúʱֻһУˡ
ʲô⣬ָӡ෽һۣǿˡ


124 
֮ǰз仯, ǺھۼɢĦ˹Уǰߣȥ̽·, һֱûз, Ϊʲô, ǰ
ǡָأӸϵ, ۹УĶ, һȦ, ʵҲӦǾ
һˡǱ߿, С
ֻС͸׵Χ˶
ָֻڵ̩ͷһڵ۹ӳԱǰڣȥˣ
곯Уܱһ, ȻͻȻðЩͻأҲûй롣
Ħ˹֪̩Ҳ3212ǵ, 죬ʻе, һ仰װˣ˵ʱѾ
ײڵ̩һ, ˣ˵̨޳׺Ӧò¡
УΪ, ûԡ
ҲӺĳǾʽ档
ͷӦòǺһ, οġ
Ǿ˼һѹֺٴǰ
κǿ, ÿһʱ, Σձǿ淢, Уһߡ
˽ԹϺ, ֹУͷеʵʱ̣˶ġ
ӦǾں󣬻ȨȻڼУ۹У˶ڵľ
뿪ķȥӦǾʧջĿ⣬ͬ顣
Ħ˹У͵۹Уͬһߣֻ֮ηΧеġ
֮У˺Х۹У˵
һص᲻֧飬ڵ۹Уֻһ뷨Ħ˹˳ˣ
ԱߴĦ˹Уߴߴϳʲôģһϼβ
񾭲
˵㣬ûоԮӣ߲ȥǾҪˣĦ˹ǰ˻̸ϼβĽ
۹УǱ߿ʼԼԱߵۻ⣬ȴĦ˹ͼѹǰĵˣֳ۹˵ļ֡
濴Ķ飬ջظ֪
ϸ۲죬ִᷢĦ˹УлСָġ
治ϣеձóأ֪ͨЩָӴϢ
ں棬Իɽ
ɽΪҵһʹͻ׵ĵֻܿѧУʦԼҽ̲ѡĦ˹УΪҪҷ
ϾѾĬٹ꣬Ħ˹У᳹׵ӣУ
Ѿкܶ꣬ûҵӵܱĦ˹У
δϵӦһи3sʦҲ˴Ħ˹Уʱ־ԸǼ»ɽӦɺһֱǱ۵Ļ⡣
ѧ˷ִĦ˹УȻ3sָӺɳǱһ3s
3sӣܳŵɽҵǰĦ˹УУ֮һ
ǵãһ3sͻȻ˺͵۹Уڵʵ
ܳȥǻáɽûп˵ٿػ׷ǰ֮ϣȥ̽·
ÿһֻʵǿǸܽ۹Уӣ˱뱨У
ʵߵǸ
ɽſ׳򣬷ڰУ¶ȱȵ滹Ҫͣҷɵ̫죬˳
ͷ߿տȥһ·ûм߿մκһܴͷ
Уܽ˵ɺ𣬶ĵشĴĦ˹У͵۹УϿյķƽ̫á
֪Уļܷ
ɽ˶׳üٶԽԽ죬еİƺֿʼۼ
ȥУӳԱҲͣ
¶ڼٽͣ󡣡⣬ҪһξۼǱҵط
ôˣģ˾ͽЩ꣬˿̸߿ϵķ䣬ͣ⣬Ǳε㡣
ĿڱܱߣڴһѨ
˾ͽξýֱڳ˵ΣôıȣҪĶɵǡ
ֻҪ㹻У˵Ķɡ侲Ψһİ취
ǵĻ׿Ը·پһκ˭Ҳ֪á
Ǿ׹˻׽
٣ޣ˸֪ͻѾϿһ֣ظܵı䡣кϵͳĻײգڱڣô֤
ǻиõİ취ҲڶģĺûжãܰʦƴԮ
Ա߶ǰһֱһȭڱɽ֮ϡջ֣ݴʱʼܿѡ
Ƴˣ֡
Уһ򶴣Ӳڱɽ
ڲ󣬵ĶԽԽԱУˡ
绹ڼ١ӦɺͻȻԶڵ˵
ļӵٶٴμӿ죬Уӵ˸˳ȥ
ʮӶûȥĺԽ̹ǣ𽥳ɹɣԶİŨʵʣӿ
ˡ˻ף˽
Уͳͳ˻ף֮У˽Ӳվһ¶̫ˡ
ûջףٿػ׶ڶڣȥ붴ĺ
ͬˮӵİɫӿǿֳ̣˼֣ÿһΣǳȥĻã
ȥ¡Ӧɺӹ۲Ӷڷ
¶ȹͣûл׵ʱһס
ǾŤͷǰѵ˼ǰû㻹뷨
Ӧɺӣ
ʱ˵ʲôӦɺӷ
ǾУԴж٣һȡӦɺֻûǲһֻ׵ķɢƬת
ǾüҪ׵ȡůߣⲻһʦе뷨
ڻʦʥģӦɺڴĦ˹УѧЩʲô
ûޣҲֹˡʱװȥ⣬ӦɺӴҴҵǳʮ̨Ƕʮ̨졣
ǾǱӦɺѾʼŻʦһ𷢶
Աߵ۹УĻʦǺ͹Ǿͬе۱飬Ϊʦô֡
ʼת¶ߣĴĦ˹Ѿܵ¶ȡ
۹УܵȶȣĽĿƲסԼСӵĻʦȥ

۹Уǳ˶ʮ̨ܱתȡů
ڣУ˼һǿȫһֳ档
ϣѩأǻ⣬Ҳ޷ֿ
ӷܱѰҾԱǰıǣҵһǺͨѶ׼㱨һ̧ͷǸӿ
ǰܣ˳ʽͨѶϵϵˡȻû˻ظֻвͣ

ô͵ķӦò£аοԼһ񱼡
תͷȥӿĺһݣ
˭ܸΪʲôм仹͹һɣӿñԱߵҪ졣
٣ǹɰҲ٣ڲ
ŤͷȥŷɰҲ
һ̨ڱԭϷٿ񱼣͹ԽԽ죬ӽ
㲻ˣɴ༱ɲͣ
͹ǹһӳܿͣ
Ťͷ˿ڱĺٿͣǰģǻģ
һ룬ǰתתȻ
ȷˣǻ
໰ֲܽܣΪʲôҲܱ죿
ûٶ㣬Լ˽ȥ
ȻǱĻܷ
˲䣬γֵ¿
ûá
Ǻγɵİ̬ŨҲ̬
һȥûκʵС
˿Ѿͼ˺Ļס
ײڣ΢΢ۣסֵٴδ
һָоڳЦԼù
΢΢üûùֵԡ
ֵӵѵ˲䷺˪һȺΪӵɢ̬ʱʼɱ
ۣסѵһֻһһѺϵֱɿһֻ֣ʣµǰѺϵ̶ڱסϡ
漴תסĺϵֱĳ
һɻɫ״ڻδȫС
ϥذ׷ֱɫ״סǰȥ·һ˲ϵ˽ȥ
֨
лɫ״﷢һУγϵһѺϵʼɢûü۲ʧ󣬻ɫ״ʲô
ĺ˹
ٴαĺߵ


125 
͵۹У˷ֿ, ӦǾϱһһЩϼѹһ˵, ȥ
ӦǾĿЩ, ʼΪʶ, 淢ʶڵĶ
л, Щڿ̽
Ҫ߳ȥʱ, һ𺮳, Χٴ, ɱС
ϳŵ̫ˡ
ײڣӦǾ³һѪսȥ, ӪҺѾˡ
òʱ䣬ӦǾ֧, ϥأǿ, ܱߵһμѹ

һαһԼתתȥ
ûиղŵĻɫ״, Ϊоκο̽Ϣֻбľ;͡
Ҫһеĺ, ֮ﲻ, αʯԴڶ˶, Ҫͼȥ
һ, ѹɱѹ, ֻٴ̯֫, 
ͷȥˣǿۣĺͻȻֶۼʮ
ⳡеµ״Ҫǣٴβֿ̽С
ҪݣʮͷΧһȻȫŤͷð
ۼмˡ
Ǽһ͸ȱڼϤһ̨ס
ƽ
ٴαȥϸ룬۹Уֻ̨ƽ䵥ӦǻʦǾ۹УǱôҲܷӦǾһ⡣

˳ȣףεأӲ£˰죬ֻ̨һ룬ʵھźǰ
鵶Ǳ߼лɫ״ֱƽˡ
ײڣתתֱ֣ӳ˹ȥ
һ죬ֶ
δϵһֵסֳԻĺ£ˡ
һûŹлɫ״
ڴе˲䣬㿪ʼɢɫ״ͬʧ㣬ټӰ
ΧڶЩƺʼɵ᲻뿪һֱЩ¶ģϳһϯ
ӦǾģпл׹ַЩϳɣ̨׾˽ȥ
ЩĻǿͷŸ֪ǹɺϳɺ
ڹӦǾûм̨ûг۾㻺ϡ
Щˡ
ջӵ׼ȥ㷢ͻȻʧƲûջ

ܿ˿ȷûµγɣյǰ̨ƽȥ
ûʱϸֱӲٿ޳ץƽڼϣȥ
;Ҳֻͨûʲô̫Ӱ졣
֮ǰڷڲ˲ٻԴ߻ӪҺںлݣ¶ڽ͡
һֱû߳·ɽͷ޹棬ۣ߹ȥ޳ŷǱĶڡ
ͷأûܻŽȥ廹档
ŻƽȥںȻ޳סĵطת޵ʬ嵲סڡ
漴ϵĻƽڵϣԼڲٿػ
ʱˡ
иطЪᣬ˿ʱлȥ۹Уķס
ǲȫϡϣ۹УȻǮ
鲻ԽȥԼƽĴȣһһлԼôôõĻײϣʲôĻס

ӦǾͻţ̨֪ףӻ״ȴо͸֪С
ʲôӦǾȻۣϰ򿪴ϵ֡
ƽִ޳ֱϣžһ
ʶǸҾƵĻס
˵˵ţղǵ˭ģô㣿
ΪײڵǹǾ
ײڣӦǾֲ̧˲ǵѪգֻһˣ
ʱеɺ㲻Ҳһˡ
ӦǾı仯ȴ벻ͨΪʲô
ղǹɺϳɵ㶯֣ȻڵӦǾͻȻʧҲˣ֡
ӦǾûзϣֻǳĬ
һƬ
ӦǾѹֲסĿӻڴܿص˻ײڵĴҲ
ҪҪӪҺ˵⻰ʱڵѪ
ӦǾû˵
ôӣ
˼֧ӪҺȥӪҺ޳
ȸ㼸֧ٿػ׵ݹȥĻ׻ûж
޳һֱڰУûκηӦ
ײڣüףƽòţӦǾ
û˻ء
˰ء
޷ƽĲţȥȻӦǾ۾Ǳߣ֪
˸鷳
ȥսߣ˼ת
ӦǾߺϵѪʱеͬܡ
̽̽ӦǾϢš
һ֧ӪҺӦǾ°ͣӪҺ˽ȥ
ҲҽֻӪҺǻˡ
ͷӪҺȫιӦǾԷʼûзӦ
öﺮˣȥźϣŤͷ˿޷ӦӦǾ֮ô˻ͦϧ
ԱߴĽṹͻ׺սͻڲṹкܶطͬ
ţԼͻȻֿʼѪֽɾ֮ǰֵʱ֪µġ
ͬѪӦǾʶǱ߿ȥ
ˡȥöͬʱ۾ӦǾ΢΢üŲȥҪķղһֱûӦֻòײս
һӦǾͻȻ֣ø֪
İɱĸ֪УֱӲͷסӦǾ֮ǰ˵һΣ
ӦǾײϣһ˫͸ɫ۾Щĸ֪Ч
ڸ֪ʧءüԭסӵƣסӦǾ°ͣ˼£սҲʧȥǡ
̫ӦǾ΢΢ƫ
һ㱻˻ˣ´ø֪ңš
ӦǾ۾ȥ
һϵӣһ׼뿪Ļײգ֮ǰתǸһ£μĹھǴĦ˹У
ӦǾ۾ȷܳȥ
ΪʲôȷüȻӦûжԴˣУԱø֪ҡ
в֮Ա
ӦǾ뿪ϸѲŴãȫղűӡ
пɱ⡣
ӦǾ⣬Ϊղŵĸ֪Ҳɱ⣬ֻϵס
Ƕǳ3sˣڸոӦǾȷȼԼ֮¡
ӦǾǿѹûʧع
һ㣬ӦǾһֱκ
ֻʼЩҡˡ
ϴϢԼ˻þ
ӦǾ͸ӴС
ҽϣ֪ǿΪҪ壬޷ԿءҲԺʧصĴֻԽԽࡣ
ӦǾԼûʧء֪ƺȷʵ⡣
ٸ㼸֧ӪҺˡٿػ͹ȥӪҺҲ뿸ߣ´ˣһᶪ㣬Լߡ


126 
Ϣ, ׼߳ڣƳӦǾ, Ϊ֮ǰӦǾĸ֪, 䵭Ҫһ, ȥǵ۹У
ӦǾ̧һ𡣡
һǰһں, ƾ3s֧, һ·, Ȼͣǰ, ֹ͵Ϯҡ
ӦǾǰԽʱ֪ǰ޹ء

˵ȥĻóȥˮղ, Ƥ񣬴оΡ
Һ֪ǾУĸ򡣡֪˶, ӦǾ
ʱӦǾΪһ3sָӵܲ̽鵽ˣ
šӦǾѹºѪζ
񣬴šЩӦǾ¿, 涼ô˵
ȫǲȷʡ
ӦǾŲͷڸ֪⣬ܶ鲻ȷ
ڻײڵ, һ鷳
ӦǾߵԽתȥԴˡ
Ȼ, һǿߣ᲻øԴ
ӦǾվԭ, ƽá
һ, һ㴢Դ
˻, еֵֹ, ·, ôõ£
˷ӦǾװûԴ
ƽͨԺķɢǽȥԴҳҳڡ
ǣӦǾץסۣĦ˹˶ڷϡ
ƤǰĻף֪ʲôֱӸ㣬Уȳ£ѶУ֣Ѿ˷пѾڵĺƽͨԺҲ棬ûϢҲû֡
ӦǾ˼Ȳǵ۹УĦ˹Уôѧ棬ǵʦһ뾡һа취Ԯˡ
ֻǷǺǰѾжнͨҪҲϵС
ƾĦ˹У޷Ҫ󷲺Ǵ򿪽ͨۿڣþ˽ƽͨԺҲڣӦݳ棬ǻͬ⡣
Ѿ죬죬оԮӽӦǾ
Χ˿ԽԽǿܲܽǸ⡣
֮󣬼ûҵľУòԴ䣬Ϻֻ·һ
ǵģӦǾ
ǰߡӦǾδ˵꣬㱻󷽵һѳ
л
ӦǾŤͷĸ֪ЩܶԸ
һβŵ͵Ӧһá
ֻʱѾεǰԸǹ
ƺ֮ǰĸΪƻϢΪΣƵʹֵδС
е㷳ˡ
ۣʱΧһƬڰסֵת˰Ȧյѣֱ󷽡
ûлͷȷŸղŴ˻ɫ״ֻûɢȥ
ŵӷ򡣡
һ˵и뷨ԺУҲδ룬ֵֶŵӷȥ
һ̶ļɢ
ǰסԼԶӦǾȥղѣ
ָӿõԺԼҲֱõָܵԼ뷨
ղӦǾõǵڶ֡
ֻǶġӦǾĿ⣬⡣
ˡתûжӦǾЩɫ״ʲôеϤĶĸС
˼ǰߣ;üԽԽǿ
ӦǾԱ߸ɫ״ĸɱˡûκɬС
ƫ35ȡ
ֱӳһԥûУ·ֻһ̨ΪѸЩɫ״
иɢδأۼӦǾһСͻȻγɵУȻûв
ԥеĵȥ
ӦǾͷƣûж
ڻײûգۣȫĵ
һǰγӦǾűߵĵڽ͡
šײڣӦǾ̧ȥߵѪǿȥˡ
ΧһģһĺȫҪȥļﷶΧĺѾĺꡣ
ЩҪǵӦǾԶ뺮ԽԶǻƵ
ǳ3sЩ̰3s
ӦǾ֪Щʲô֪࣬ȴȲδ֪޵˵ֹĶ
ײڣתת󣬻ֽţУãҺȡ
ӦǾ㶣漴Ĭû˵Ϻȡ
ҿɱǡӦǾʶ
ŵΧʱֵˣָӸʲôɱɱ¡
һʧأ꼰ô죿
֮⣬ӦǾ֪
֮ǰڻײڵ£ǸӦǾԥ˻ᣬ
Ťͷƽʱʧؾ
ɱⲻ٣ҲᱩֻӦǾ񣬷ѵġ
ԭΪӦǾǽʧصͷɱԼ޳ڵԴ
ڿʧˣ


127 
ӦǾĬ
ʼ, ÿһ޶˹ˣƸ֪Ǵеʧء
޷ֱʲôʵ
ˡ, , ҲҽҪ, ǴĦ˹УǱûΣӦǾǰơ
˶ŸѴ̹ǵĺȥ, ӦǾ⿴Ų󷽵Ļף䴫Ĵʹһֱ֪ʹá
ڹѵ¥, õģաӦǾ״Ʋ, ˡ
ʲô
ԷΧ, ʱܳ, ӦǾ˵ĻŷӦڵǱߴ¥豸ϻҵģֱˡ
ӦǾȻ֪Ϊ̨ײձŪġ
ڴĦ˹ûִǰѾģ, ȴδܵ
ģⳡģս, ܵǴιڲʵӦǾӦ, 㽫ģջ, 
ӦǾֳ, ˺
ѵ, ʹø֪עڵ
һģպӦǾ̲ϤĹֱӳֻѵڵģա
ȷʱ֪ǳ3s˽û⣬ѵ漴䣬Ԥĸ䡣һʼӦǾ²ģܽӿֽţԼһ̨ģնܵڵڶ㻻µģգûܵ
Щģϡ
ӦǾ˽µ¹ʣԼѵ
ȹУ뿪ӦǾԼ״Ϊɣõ۹Уߣŵ鱨档
鱨ʾǵϰѵ¥ֹ3¹ʣֱǻʦ׵Լָӣǽ֮ٳ֪Ѿ޷ٴھУ
ͬﵽʮ꣬Ա𡢸֪ԡԲͬΨһֻͬи֪ȼǽ֪3s
¹ûκһע⣬Ϊ̫ˣϰģҲоУ⡣ʲôȼ˶ܽܺ޶Կĳ컯Щ˼ģգʹд70%£Ҳȫܲˡ
˵ʱľУĸԶڡ
ӦǾֽԸ3s֧֣֮ųΪĿǰΨһȷĳ3sָӡ
鱨ӦǾַ˵ϣһ⣬ڽǰǼΪˡ
ǻҲǱڵĳ3s
ӦǾ²һز֣ѳ꣬3sˣл
²̫˼3sǽЩűۣ˳ʱڴ֮ǰ
ӦǾ뷨Уûи֪κˡ
ģʲôرĳ֮ûнȥӦǾƺֻġ
һǳ3sָӵĵ׻ˣȥǼǻ£µѵԷɴ಻ˡ
ģʲôرĳ޷Ǹ˵һ룬ʲôŶģձģҪһѵ
ӦǾ½ŲţŤͷȥʲôѵ
иһѳɵĺ֪ʲôƷֵޣûüģվˡеϧ滻ϵģҲûм
Ǹʱ㡭ڸڸ֪󣬳ֵʱ̡
ӦǾ˼ֻܵʱδʲôܵ޵Ĺ
ͣ⡣ǰߣٴξôӦǾ̫鷳ֽʱ̣ʶ
šӦǾջƮԶ˼ĽŲǰߡ
ʱһɴϯڿʱַֿ߰˹ɣÿһȻŻɫ״
Աȡ˫סֵѺϵУĵǡȥˡ
һʼֻɫ״δܵ񹥻Ҳȷֶǲ޵һֱ塣
ڸոգܵԼܵ˾񹥻
һ룬ֹͻȻϡ
ҶǹǱ塣ӦǾ
ɫ״ƺ˵ʲôƶʱȫӦǾȥ
źϵתתǰסЩأ
Ҷǹɫ״ԽԽƻӿһΧٷֿٶȼ죬ӦǾɫ״ﱾֻλá
ӦǾűѸٰΧӶʹҪ֡
ΧȴȻ˫ϵڰлһԲն֮Ա˪ǡ
ϵһȦֱӽش󵶣ֺգڽ;У󵶳һɫ״ȥ
޷ֱĸǱ塣
ֻҪٶȹ죬ɱеĻɫ״˭ǱȻҪ
ӦǾڸ̧֣ǰսԣڵʵ缧꣬ȲԽˡ
ȥδȫĳ3sսУΨһԽ˵ıʡ
ƺûвκ
ۺ»򼤶ûУӦǾֻܴϸܵ޾侲·ǰֻһƷɱ˵ıޡ
ǶҲǱ棬ĸ֪ûзκβ
յ̫˵ûûˡ
ӦǾûκɱлɫ״󣬱ֵʮֲͷ
߿㡣
ӦǾԼҲδ󣬼㵽ڣûи֪ܵ
κˣֻҪӦǾ̫ױ֪
ĸ֪Ϊֹȫϡ
ǻжԶŤͷ÷ӦǾҲڿ
ײڵüӦǾĴԼĻףҲǣ޳ȻֻкڰɫĿǰЭÿĻǣϵĢҺ濴һ
ʦԸ޳һƷ
ƷȻ᲻Ծ˵Ŀ⡣
⣬ĶӦǾƷζʾ϶
ĿǰٶȣһСʱԸϵӦǾջĿ⣬Զ

ӲıУ۹УʹĦ˹УѾòӣΧʮ̨滹̫١
Щ᲻һֱڣ˳ܲסѹʵ
ġ
Ѿôˡ
ָӣ߰ɡĦ˹У˿ڡ
滹δе㱩˵˵ʲôôߣ
ǵԴ£ǣһܳȥλУӳԱ˵ĻȻõ󲿷֧֡
ȳȥٴǾͿˡ
û
ûһߣֱӶˡָŴͷ˵Ǹˣ죬ɿˡ
ӲУӣĿǰǲԴֻҪϴлӳȥ
ɽվڽԱߣ۹УӻУӣûǻУӡ
ʲô˼˾ͽλȻ
˼ɽò΢΢ͷʾ⡣
۹УӳԱ
Ħ˹УӳԱ룬۹УУйཻ״ºҲûУӣ뿪
滹ʦǣǻԮֻҪټһʱ䡣ƺˡ
ǼǰߡӦɺӵ˵Ϸ
ǴڱУյͼڻкԶľ룬ڰֲ巽򣬼ûߴ·ԴҲԳŵڡ
濴򼧳꣺ķ
˵һͻȻͣ¡
˶Ȼ׽Ϊʲô˵ˡ
ײڵĽ溹ëȻڻײڣ״û̫ãΪ˼ʱܶ״֪һֱͻȫӣ¶ĻױϵĸҲһֱں󱳶ĴС
ڸոգоˡ
棺
ӦǾͨնɱһɷ߳ûãһ׾ź󱳺ƨɶ档
ǰſ˰죬ȷǲ꣬ġ
ûӦ
߲ƨɣûˣ
棺
ʱԼƨɱˡ
ڴĦ˹УҲ׷׼򶴿ڡ
溮طˣԳˡ󼸲
۹Уɫӣ˻һǵָȴûж
·ôû涯˶ȣû˳ȥ
Աߵ˿ȥղӦǾû
ָߣǾȥ
۹УҲʼɧ
üˣ
У˶ųһţŴӶڳȫǺʵı
У˳ȫٽڡ
УȫԱϣһʱ侹嵭еĳء
̽ͷӦǾûмߵУӳԱ
ֲ̧Դˣǲ⡣
ƽǱУӳԱµӡ
ʶʵģ
֪ˡóǸû˵ͨѶժ죬ƽͨԺǱߵķ档ҳϵڶκֱ˽ȥȻ͵ˡ
仰Ϣ̫гＸӵİ
αǴĦ˹Уǵһٴظû㲥ûϵҵ󣬿Ѿյƽ̨µ豸˳
ˣ
Ѿֹ𣿡̩Сʵ
΢΢һЦ췽˵ֹˣ
ôܣ·ͻȻ˭֪췽Ǳʲô
ֻ״£˭˼
˵һеϲʵ
ǵʱ򲻳ϣѾ¼ƵԼһĴָоҲźˡ
۹Уˣе㲻ġ
췽˵ֹǰҲЧǾ
̾һǾΪϧźû˵Уһ𱻺ǣУѶУ֣ƽͨԺڱױʱƽͨԺǱ߻ûӵ֪ͨ
ѶˣӦɺʡ
˵ͷǿѾȥˡ
ڣųƽͨԺڲڷڣ
ڣʱˤߵʱ򣬹Աޣڲ֪ô
Ϣûΰ롣
ҵǻ֧һʱ䣬ڶκѾʧȥͷ硣
վԮҹȥӦǾ֪Щġ


128 
ĸϺ, ԼڵλãӦǾȷ÷
Խ
棺ϻ֪ܲ
ڱʼӦǾõͼ, Ѿ󲿷־Ԯע, ȷ֮ǰ, ܿѡ̵·
˵ĻԴˣ߲̫Զ
˵ޣ·Ͻ˵Ļ, ü
ǸԾ񹥻򿪹ԣ¼һ֮ǿ
վǰӦǾŲɲض˶, ʱ, ǵùԼ¼
Ϊֻڻʦϼ
濴Χ, ǰֻһ, طɢȴģظۼ˵йء
дȶ
֧ӦǾĴ£ʱǸȥûٳ־ۼĺ
;۹УԴǻʦѧĦ˹, ײ, ͬʱ˴Ħ˹УԴ
ָӴɷԼ
ָһлͿʼơƲ
ǺáΪͬͷ
УӰߵڣҲûʲôӰ죬ҹΧ
ǲǱߣ˾ͽδӰзҿ˺
Ƿеźŵơ
ԭƵĶ, ׷Զ, ǰС
֮ǰ⡣, ޺˷
ͷô룿
²޺ˡűѩǼɼķ, һȥĴӣײγɵġ
˸Ϲȥվڷǰţȣſڵĺ顣
ã˳˭
ÿλãӦǾǰ۹У͡
ǰ̴ţ
ǵ۶ǵĹԱ
ûһɳǵĹԱԼУˡ
ףѸٽڡ
ԱӿĴĦ˹УһҵԼУĶ顣
ʲô˾ͽοŲĵ棬ԱߵĹԱ
ԱʶУȥ󣬺ٴ٣άԱֱ÷ǡûü
Ǿ÷Ȳ3sףһغ󣬱޷ṩӻάԱֻܶȻ÷ɣû޺ãֻһСξٴ׹䡣
УأʹԱ
ʧȥ磬׹䣬Ƿںܶ豸ֳ⡣Ա˵ʱе㶶һҪŻԴȥ֡
ǺУȾԱһȥģһұǣһѰУʱֻʣ¹ԱͶһˣȫA
Աſڣֹ˴Դȥ
˭ҲԴȥү翴ȺɵˣĦ˹УλվϣſڣŭƾǳȥҲ˷Դ
̰ΪԼסȺˣûü˵
ȿȡѡ
һŤͷĦ˹Ķ飬ϲˣ

̸ԱߵָӼĦ˹УС
ҪԴȥǣӦǾĿɨЩˣʵ
˳ĬһӦ
Ϊûг·ˣҪԴ룬˵ܻųȥ
ƽʱ췽ţЩԱԾЩ߸ϡSϵˣ̬ܺöٱö١
οô3s
˭ǸˣӦǾһϵ
Ǹ˳ǡ
ܷʱ㷢ʲôԣ
ͷ󺹣һּҪԲУΪء
ԣǱסžУҹ
ǳȥ󣬲Ԯͼ⣬ڵû취ԴС
ӦǾüȻ˵λӲҪҲա
΢΢һĸ˱Դһ
˺һּ̧˺˵ĸ֪
ѷڴɨɾԴӦǾת۹УĻʦǣȥ޷
ȵ۹Уɢʽ棺ʲôԣ
ܽ£ЩҪôԭصȴҪôѰУ˫ֱۣҪҲҪһ
Щʱ̫ԶҲڰݣڵĹԱֻ湦򣬳µһ뷨Լš
һ㶣֪ǻЩԡ
ûǣԼܻҲС
һָͷҡҡЩԱõĺô٣Ҳú;һԴޡ
ԡ
У󣬷ڻָԭȵƽɵ¡
ʦѾʼά޷ӦǾͽγȥ¡
ȥù㲥豸
һֱúûǡ豸̧оҲ롣
豸ߣȥҷĹ㲥ҡ
Сʱ󣬹ϲĦ˹УĹ㲥һ쳹ڡ
۹У
ûͨѶ޷ʹùԣֻܵ㲥ʱֱ㲥ܡ
˵Ǹ¼»ɫ״ƵأŹ㲥Ҵţɽ˵˵ЦЦ
ŶԼԣǿ
ʲôֵֹġսţֻһŻɫָ
Բ̫Сɽ̫û취ȫ֡
պáν
ظ˼飺ǳȥԽʦǲһ顣
ֶû˵
ĿľϣС
ˣ㵽յҲһ˼¡

ڵԴȫйԱԱУ˽ӹܡ
ϣ˯ţӦɺӣҾҪһͨѶ
ǻʦӦɺӵôʱ䣬ҵһʱܷۣˣͨѶ
Ҳ̫ᡣӦɺӴͷǿѧ
Ӧɺӷһ£ûѧϡ
Լԣ¹ܶ飬ӦС
ӦɺƫͷĹԣһ󣺡ΪʲôҪЩ飿
ҪʦΪʲôҪ¡԰һʽ߼ĦַԱĻ
ѧաԼص飬ǵ¹һͨѶ飬ʱѧˣ˵Գ
һ٣ҵˡ
ӦɺӴսȥͨѶķչԴͺš
Щ㶼
ûСôʱ俴Щ飬ڹ﴿ͼġ
ԣ
˿ʼҹ飬ͼӲһСźŻվ緢λϢ
Ҫʲôϡһ߿һ߼ǣȥһǱá
ҹӦɺȥòϣ·˻δϢӦǾáø硣
ʲôӦǾĲϣ̧ۣʵ
뿴ܲһСźŻվܺͨѶӦɺӽ͡
ӦǾһڻ
Ħ˹У̵Ķδ̫ˡ
ӦɺӵȻø֮⣬ֹؼʱ̣ͨѶҪ¡
ø磬ˡ

˺üһûСӦɺӱŲϻ
šڿǱ飬һĲ϶ǸõģȻȫҵźŻվϡ
ӦɺӰס˯ˣڿѹѾ˴뱾顣
ȥϵͨѶߡ
ӦɺӸͨѶߣѾûʲôˣֻŵĻ׵
ӦɺҲû˽ȥ
Ų·ϵͨѶ壬ߣڵϿʼźŻվоƬըˣԺϵϡ
ʽͨѶˣǿģͣһźŷŴͨѶԶ
ӦɺӻǾòʵôʱ䣬Ѿӵ⣬ŴźҲһϵʦ
ԣһźţҲСһ룬Ȼ˻Ρ
ô£Ӧɺ̧ͷ޺˷
ͣеĻϸȰ˵ȥ濴
תȥӦɺӻͷŵ߰ߣ
һ߳㷢ַڵ˿ʼܶסһˣҪʷʲô
ӦǾ͸㲥ڵĺڼᣬһӺһδ󱬷֪ͨڵĻʦ˼ϡ
ΪһУڣûø֪͸㲥߷ˡ
ĻʦʼУ˳мϡ
һεĺ֮ǰǿ˿󣬡ɺأ
ͨѶҡ
Ҳ˲ôࣺǱ߿㲥
ֵĹܼӦǾȹ۲쵽кڼᱬ׼ٴʹʵ廯ϣ֤İȫ
һ˳סʱޣһ취ܲʹʵ廯ϡƻʱ˵Ļɫ״ɽ˻ǡ
֪ˡšüôչȥԮԱ
ͨѶҡ
Ӧɺ㲥ͷŴһźŻվҧûмϣǿٰ˵ļ
ֻ˻ףûû޼ҵľ飬æҴꡣ
ӦɺӶźŵƣʶԮ绰սι˼ûзӦ
Ҳ֪Լûóɹͷ򿪹ԣҪûźţʱ򣬷Ȼҡ
Ӧɺһ뱧ŻվϵߣǸվ֪ĸߴˣð𻨣ֱӿʼļͨѶ塣

ӦɺæҲ˲Ѹߡ
군ղżѷͨѶϵȫûˣûͨѶĿܡ
룬˻㼯һӦǾͽվм䡣
ĺѾˣӦǾϣֵסһȴΪ𶯡
Ա߹۲죬ʹùһζݵʵ廯ϣܸһ
Ҵ´ӦǾ
ӦɺܹߣС֮ͨѶͻվСıյˡ

֮ǰûźŷȥ
һûüûźš



129 
Ǹۿڡ
۹УʹĦ˹Уʦͣķڵš
ֻʣʮ, ôûż棬ʱõˡ
Ҳûе
ʮһۿڻ·աǵ˹ѡ
ϵʮ𣿡ʦ
ûϢ, ·ʲô鵢ˡ
ڴͬʱ, ۹УǱͬȺŵĵ
۹Уʦתתȥ˵ǰ, ôڻû᲻⣿
ӦݿŷԽԽѩѾ⡣
, ;ֵ鷳
ʲô⣿۹УʦʶʣܲǷˡ
Ӧ͸˪ĲûлشĻһϵ
ڷǴ, ׼Ҫ¹رոۿʱ, һ֧ԶԶ˹У˳, 󷲺ǵٵȵȡ
ʱѵ
ѾˣԶĸ, ȱȥԮ˭С
ԽԽǽǵ
£ǽϵľ¶˽ԿĸͬʱҲǽϵĺۼ
ǡ
ӦݲͷԷǴڹظۿڣս׼
ۿڵ˻δӦ, ۿмһǽ, бʱ˽ǽϵġʮһ
ʮǽȻǰҿʼԵǽй
ʲô۹Уʦ󾪡
ӦɫΪѿ治ǵˡ
˻һΧ˶ʱһ, 󷲺Ǵ, һ, ھ͹ظۿ, ̣
ۿڵ𽥹رգҲʼ
ĸ߸ȫǺʱڵͻȻðѵУڼ
ҾУòɿȻʮǽ򿪣ڷɳ÷ϸǸۿڡ
Ҫ˾ųϻûȫոķ૵
ʮǽبм䣬ΪĿ걻УͻȴҲסǰλãΪЩȡʱ䡣
㣡ʦѾ̲סš
һܷڣϱԵи߳ᣬֱ׹
ѿ򣡡ǴҽȥȳǼܷϵˡ
ǣϤľ
ȴšüһܷϵ
һ㶣ŽӶãˡ
ֹеˡ˵ղŷյĸۿڴȥҪ֪ʲô
ҲȥһȥȻ
ôˣ
յϢָǷֳ·ߣֻһ·͡һ֪ʮϣָֻ֪·Ҳ⵽ϮǣԴҸɴһߡ 
ҲǶ
ͷ۹УĶ󲿷ַڷϡ
ʮۿں̻㱨ŶӳǽΪڶӵʮָʱѵӪˣ˵ѵ
ʱðҡмΪѵǻǣ
Ǹȥʦھȥǡ
򣺡ȥҵ۹УǱһ
ۿ⣬ŵǽĶڵ󣬼ûκηӦͣڸ죬ӷǷعƺŽӵ뿪
Ӧ͸Ǹۿڼػ棬ŤͷĸˣΪʲôǽܱ
⵽˵ͷ
ӦݶΣأ
ϸ˳ڻ˶ļϸ
Ӧؿ˽ǵ۶Уÿһ˴ӳ鶼ŵ۹ӡô͸ȥ
һֱΪܻ
ϸǷǽʮǽ
˳ĬΣŻһ֡
㡭֡Ӧ̲סַǰ̨ϣǸҼǵá
ǰ۹УӵĻ׵㣬ҲǺܵ͵ӵܡ
ӦһڻҹǴǶʱ䣬һʱ䣬Ծ⣬û뵽һˣȻǶ
˶ǶӦһȸȥˣʣµԺ˵
һתüĽ
Ҫôȥʵ
ֻӦָӣЧṩ
ˣںӦòټǿǴϳԴһפ⣬һѰӦݴ󲽳ȥ
ѸټϣӦ١
Ҫһ֧ϤڵĶ飬˹ӦݶԷǵĴ
ǴֱӾܾˡ
ʮ˱ɡӦüΪʲôǳǵѧҲ档
Ǵʱ˵Ҳʮֱ꣺֪ܲѧҲ棬Ҳ⣬ж
ݺݵָָǵ档
жĻ죬ղŵû˽
ǸۿڣǷڲҧոյϢһСֶɱƽ񣬷ǵľӺƽͨԺǱѾʼЩ
ɱƽ
ӶʼûʲôһֱȻǡ
ǰﲻæѧҲﲻæǴ˸Ҫ
ӦݳʮһۣԽ油Ա˭μӹȥ
ŸռһҵΡ
йӦõ۹Уʦȥ油ʡ
ÿÿ궼һЩ䶯ϴԣͼҲֻоԮԱ֣Ӧ̫ʱûнȥֻͨʵʽ˽ڲʽ
۹УʹĦ˹У̶Ϸṩܾôͷϣ;ӦͨЩȥѧȷĵΡ
ŷѩɵҸ߶ȲߣܼȻ͵Ŀ¡
ô£
ˣ
Ѿˣ¶ȻͣǻûӦû²Ŷԡ
Ƿɵһ룬Ȼһҵ˶۷ʲô¡
ӦվͨѶĻǰͨƵͨǵĴǰͨѶʾźš
ֵ˼ӣӦٴβ򷲺ǴͨѶһ˽ˣֻܵŵ
ĺھۼǱٿΪź⣬ڹĻϻȥ
֮ǰǱˣ۹Уʦüʲôоۼ
϶ҲֻǡѲͷڡ鱻ȥʱĵһ֣ϿھۼȫһǱ𡢽ȥûϣˡ
һȥΣ ôຮۼһ𱬷Ҫȵһĩβ֮󣬽ȥŲΣա
˵ʲôźһжϡ
۹УʹĦ˹У˵ûȥ˴ĻΪǹ⵽˳ʱ䣬ڸǱ۶סȥ
Ӧͣפ
ȵۼĺȥ֮ٽ뼫
ͣ涼ôѣֲȥⶼˣȥԴùˡ
ķӦûܰһʱ䡣ʮľֱվԱߡ
޶һͷƾǸ˵ҲûʲôãܱܣǸС
ܷͣڼ棬ÿһⲿ̶סһֱ紵Ǹơ
ڷڵֻܵ۸ɿš

ۿʱһȥƵźվһһΣطϢҲʱһʱܷ
۹УǱߺҪҴҽ
ӦҪӣ𣬡ôѧ˵ʬҲҪ
£ĨһԪ˧ͨѶ˵ϣʧȥѧ󣬻оν
ˡ˫ֽգϣʲôνô3sѧδϣͶ
·Ԫ˧˷߸ı棬ܰĴ󺮳ԭδ֪ƻǿоѾ֪ͨ±ƽͨԺҲ׷ֱֶԸͻȻðĶ
Ҳ֪Ͼ
ֻҪǻлŵĿԣǱþȡǰһԸȥ
վִϣǼûа취濴ǻлŵĿԡ
ɽ
ҽ֮ǰ˵װʲô¼Ȼȥʡ
һۣȥ

΢ͼ¼ݵͷװˣǸҲҪͨѶźţӺһ̿ʼԶֹͣݡ
ԭء
ӦǾҲã۹УǱӦ֪εܷʲôźţ֤ǻţǲܲϧһд۽ȥ
ҽһƬžͷŽذ壬Ǽ˵Ҫõܹھ
ʦʦ
һ油ѧæܹͽʱǰһ
ôˣüϴĪϲõѧ
ǡǡ油ѧݺһӮˣ
һͷˮ
ʲôӮˣ˵侲
油ѧϲ̵ǴĦ˹Уõ˼Ĺھ

Ĺƣûû취Ԯѧгڻŵѧַˣ
˵˵ʲôҪѧߡ
ģʦ油ѧ̴ԼĹԣղźʱʱãҵǹһͷСʱǰģǻţ
ΧҽҲվ˹
һ򿪣ͷҡ˼£׵ھͷǰʮֵ˳ھǵģƼû
⻹㣬滹һʵʵ
Ļͦá


130 
ƵĿģ油ѧ
У94Сָӷġ油ѧ򿪸ǿ, ʱѶûˣֻܽͣҹע˺, ղһˢ¾Ϳ, أʦǡ
źšղſĻ, һɣ˵Ҳ˳µӣƵȥҵ۹УһţǱȥҡ
油ѧ۹УĻҿ첽ȥ
ǹȥʱ, ۹УĻҲڿոսӵƵӦݿſڵ, ְ̧ͣ, ͣĦ˹Ļ档

˻šһǱȥǡ
Ӧʾ£ŹĻϵݡ
õĲֹƵһõƵϵݡ
λСָҲǸ, ϲϷԼΪһУָӵճĦ˹У, ҲУ֮һ, ͨȻ߲ʡԤ۵Уָ, ϴУӿӽǣΪĦ˹УһʼͷСָӵķ˿һ
º, ϲ˶ܵλСָһƵзϢ, Ըƽ
һƵ볡ǰ͵ĵĶƵ, ʱĦ˹У˶ر, Ϊһᣬ鵽ů¡
ϵĹڲ֪ӵ˺ţСָһƵµҲԽԽ࣬ýƲѾʼĬ״̬
СʱǰȫעλУָӵĹڣ͡

ҵ۾ˣĻ޳ɣһģһ
ʲôý壬˼ڱôͳУ
ģҷϵѾϵˣͨѶȫϿˡ
ģ
ȻͨѶϿˣΪʲôƵܷ
ӦͨѶźţУӶڵˣǺǻţ
ȻţǲУҲû£
ϣоȥǣЩδϣȻɧ˵㡣

̶СʱƵתѾʮתߵ
ӦǾӻҹǻص۶ǣ߳ۿڵƵΪƵݱǽһλ3sָӳͨڲ֪г3sĴڡ
ԸϣȥˡӦǰûڵ˿ԸͼԪ˧Ӧˡ
һ⻰ûסתͷԽЦ
ö֪ƵеĻ沢ûеءӦݻǼСʱǰźŴҪʱ䣬Ϊʱ㻹ҪǰҲ˵ʱûڵĴ󺮳
⻰Ҹһϣֵһ㡣
ǽȥԮȵҪ׼ȥ֮ǿ޷жǱʹûףͽȥӦһһ㹻ԴƲҲҪΪ˼ӿнٶȣƲղܴ̫ࡣ
ԴҪˣҪ֤ǽȥܻŻ
صõƤӣн;Улױϡ⣬ǷֳңмǿͨѶֻܽм򵥵źŶλӦϸ˽ע
У油ѧٲ־ŷ˽Ϊ뼫׼
ƽͨԺһҲûɨһȦ
һˣʱߣӦָӴŵˡʾӦԱߵˣԴһƽͨԺṩģҪǰæƽͨԺ顣ڲһ֧ƽͨԺƽ±ڲ֡
һʱײôɣ̾Ϣ
ܽȥ
˽ƤϣӱȽᣬԸǿһֱڻҹʹá
ʮ˷ֿһǰŶŴ󺮳뼫
һȥ˵ĻǱ˲串һϼӺ
˵Ļ¶趨һΧڣȲԴڸһȱߡ
ڵԽԽľֵȻԿҪȶԸ̫࣬Ϊǿ̫١

ϯĺӦǾվм䣬ʵ廯ϡǴĦ˹У˵һۼ˴Χǿȵʵ廯ӦǾĿвɴغ;塣
ӦǾɫ԰׵͸Ϊڷвڣ΢΢µѵ޳ϷһɫѪܡ
һҡεڲûܵһ˿ˡ浥΢תĿ䵱ʱʵ廯֪Σҵָо
֮ˡӦɺӵļʾ˳ȥſڴϿ档
ӦǾ˸֪ϣΪʲôҡúʲôһ
ĴѾ׽ɱֻ͸⿴ģӣҲǰããһƬ
ԣмر׵Ӱӡ
ۣҡεķֱȥУӵ
һ顣Լ¼»ɫ״ƵЩرթоֶżܹľ
ʲô
Ƶڣǳȥǡ
ǳȥ˾ͽ͵Ħ˹УĵȻôûӡ
˫ֽۣĿڵ۹Уϣĺ˼һָӳţԼʲôҲɡ
ָʲôʲôĿȻĻе
ôȥҲŲ˶áָָϵĹԣˣⶫƺԳ3sָرȤһɾǳָġ
溮㼯׳ȥƬ̱⡣Ǿ
취㲻ǻʦȥѽ˳˵¡
泯һֿۣ˿Ȧڶһ˳ŵӦǾҸһȥֹо
ȡһƬɢͨڵȷתʱʡԴڲ¶ȡӦɺӹǷ棬Ҫʱעⷢû쳣
Ħ˹УȥԱ߸Ļף۹У˳ĬмӦǾ
ǾĻס̧۵ǵָӻֲľУ
øĻĻҡͷʲôأ滹ǴĦ˹ˣǴֹûǿ
˵ָָӦǾ
Ϊ۹УҲҪȥֻٵһᣬʱмӦǾü΢³һѪȻѾӲš
̫ˡӦǾֿҷֳ3sǸģһҪסľǳ3sȻ3s
ôԴȻҪۡɽֽţڵҲ㹫ƽ
ûֵʱֻܷɫ״ġԽѵܲһ֡
3sĵû֪ܲܲ
϶ûе3sôǽˡûе3sһк˵
Ǳߵ۹УҲĺûףУӿͨբţߵ档
Բۣһ㺰ҶҪˣ
ܿȥЩһڹӦǾϣһָƻϰڸתһֱꡣ
ЩȻǻġɽЩͬѰĳ溮һƶͣΧת
۹У֮ǰںĵشѾƵһټȻеľ
ȥǱߡ෽ȥǱѾʼȥ
ǹܸܵдĶ⣬·Ѳ
ײڣָڲٿƶת٣ˮ֣סҪλֱڡ
°Ѿڱ£УԽı㣬֫ȴܽӴˮϰΧ
Ȼ֪ʲôණǰֽסԼӣǱƻϡ
ս˫ֳֵٷֿʱÿֻȻһѺϵ
֮ϣ3s׵һζԸһʼ޷ֻɫ״ģ˼ο󣬽Կʼ
ÿҡһΧĵҲܵӰ죬ͬƺҲܵӰ죬ȥһ⳯Ա߿ȥüʹɱĻҲŪһ
ƺҪ磬ȤƲƲ죬׼ɫһĿꡣ
һ𶯡
ڷλȥʲôô󣿡
䣬ǸλͻȻƿ

һ˲䣬ϵѾൽܶԸ
Ŵӱ֮´ڳ
ͱϳ𣿣𾪣ʣôô㣿
Ӳ㡣סϵתת
ղһˮŷˮѾڷ궯ǸϳӦǾҲŲ˶á
ӳԱֳ򣬷ֱڷԱߣڲſڸϣֹɫ״þ
ˣôࡣ˾ͽҧ
ϯÿһ׵ƴȫԸЩڵĻɫ״ֹǿʵ廯ϣͬʱҪ󺮳Ӱ졣
̶̰Сʱл׽Դϲ̶ͬȵˡɽԭĳ˵飬˾ͽԶ˻׽Ҷ
ȥļϥڱϣŲԼ£Ŀ׺ݶǰ
ײڼ̧ȥǵѪ͸ŷ񣬴ӻҹ뿪ǵһ
ɱվڷβǰʼղһ
ڵֽʪ͸ޱ˵һ䣺ķˡ
ҽֲźţͬһʱ䷢ݶڷ仯
ƫƫͷº壬ֵ
һ̣Ĺжüÿ̤һֵһ˪ֱ˪
У޷ȫ׽ٶȺͶֻڰӰӼٳǰᵶһɨ
ͬ˲䶳ᣬٱնϣǲ鿪ƮɢڰС
ײĿƽ΢΢Ťͷǰ
Ƕ


131 
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֮, ɢ, һնɡ
һеٷ·нһڰӰ, ֻХƺڻɫδ֪ļ
ڿƺҲɱһȦۿɼ˴룬Щʶк˵ơ
ѹȡ
Ψһĸܡ
ǹɴ޳ϴľ޴ѹȸ, ֻһ˲䣬Ҳ㹻
, ǹϢɢļ, 쵽ǻԼĴ
ټʱȻǵڰӰһѵնɱΧ
Ľ죬΢΢Ťͷڡ
ָӣ
, ӦǾ˻, ֱӵϥ, ޳ֳڵ, ذӲݣԭֱֵĵɫ˿̱ɼǿš
ֵ, վڷǰ, ֱӲ, ˻ƣ˽ȥ, ޻סš
ɽ˵ߡ۹Уûֱȥ˲Ÿһߡ
ڵ˲֪ʲôֻܴӦǾϿԣ۹ָӻδǱ
λʦѸٰ׵ףҺöһҺû3sҪĲϡ
վڷǰЩ̽غǰУȻϷ3s
Щʼϻ㼯γɵѾǶٹɣһյľǽ
Ľͷɫǽľѣ
ڣӦǾȥ˲֪Ҫʲôȴʶóһ·
ȥ¿ż˳ȥ
˿¹ϵĲţŶȻӦӦǾֱ˳ȥûнף
Զһ»ɫľǽʲôͷȥӦǾӷ˳ûлףûκηʩôվںѩС
㲻䣿ײ۵׵ļɼɫȥͷ
ӦǾͷ޳ɫѪȾü죬Ĩ͸һ죬ϡ
аɣʵ廯
ôһĽҪ󿿿Ҫˡ
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ڳĻ׵֪飬ƺӦǾ֪仯һֳǸȥ
ӦòܣӦǾ֪ܲҲǳs֪ΪʲôҪڸϢ
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Ҫҵ۹УҪҴĦ˹Уˣǡ
ڻһڼʼѰϣҵУ顣
ڶκҵһУȴƽͨԺ
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ûҹˣСƾؿѾûˡ
ڣ״ҲãƽͨԺһЩ˵УӳԱͬʼͣա
Ϥǻ˽⺮ƽͨԺܵôص˺ȻԼҲûзӦ
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ӵĶӳ߱俴
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ƽͨԺ͵۹УǸѡȵ۹УӵĶӳ˳Ӳ
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Դְ룬ǴһȥǱߣǴһȥԻӵ˵
Ȼ·ʱԶҺϵǴĦ˹УľԱ
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ԡޱֻҪ֣ұԴһȥ
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ǽԴֳ֣ɽ׼ͷֿн

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Ϊ壬ֻлƵĹһ
һˣ
ԭҪֿĻҲͣ½ŲһͬǸߡ

Ӧݴŵƶÿ߹һξ룬˷ȼֻһֱûзκˡ

ͻȻԶһѩڳһ̨ס
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ƽͨԺľԱԱУǵ۹УľԮӣһɣֱϵı¶ıţԵڶ
۹Уˡ
ֻһˣʲôӦʵ
ʱǷ䣬áάԱ޷ǾԱѰУУһ٣ȻĦ˹У·һǽԴ󣬺һͷѰ
ΪһӪҺȥһ±һӪҺ˳ֶ˼Դˡ
ԭˡӦ׹ǸָһԷͨѶźţĦ˹ǸУָӳûǵƵ
ΪʲôڵˣûϵľУͨѶֻһ룬Ҳȱ༭ϢץסᷢϢ
УãȻǰԼ֪Ķ˵˳ǿŹ㲥һ·ţǹԱŴǽǸ˵Ħ˹˹ھ
ţȫڶ֪ˡ
Уʲôȫ֪ˣ
Ӧݿĸûҵˣ
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̧ͷָָ֮ǰ춯ķ
ƽͨԺѧҪƲաǰһ
ӦƽͨԺϣʾ˾͵طųҲգԱȥơ
Ⱥ;ӦյʮϢ
̧ʱȻָ侲״̬ڳȥ
Ӷӳȣ۹У
ѾҵˣǺʹĦ˹Уһ𡣡Ӧݴϡ
ԣеĴʯͷأǻš
Ӧָӣܷ֪·ʱ׿ʵ
ҡӦֻ˵һ֣Ƴ󲹳ԮĶǵʮ
һʮˡ

ھǽһȦʱ㼯ɵľǽɢڿУһ˲ƮԶĿ֮١
أվڷǰ봵ڣʾһԼţơ
һأǰһڣֱ泯µˡ
ͨѵĽ濴ŵµ޳ܹȥԱλʼҪѪֱӵ£϶ûˡ
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ʲô׸޺ã׼ȥ淢ʲôôŵĶͼբڽӦǾ
ȥӦǾ۹Уˣͻɽ
ԣ̳ȥ
һȥ̲סһŵġԲۡ
ӱѩ죬һ֧ϢǰվڷѩУ
ǰϿ챻ѩǵ޳
ڸʲôʻɽô˵ԲۣҲû⡣
ʦҺǡ
̧ȥƨɣʲô
֪Ǹոճɽͣ۹УҲ档
˽Ӧɺӹ𿪻ײգ˲Ű̧˳
ƽȣϺͱϵѪ˯ˡ
ͽһۣҪȥ˵һ䡣
лһҽ档ӦݷŹģԷʮϵ۹УˡڵӵҽǾݣǴĦ˹ȥģ롣ӦݿֱԹ۲죬ͬˡ
ڴϣëϵѪιӪҺ
ûˡһ飬
ȻûˣͲԷʲô
ͷŴźţҵƽͨԺѧ͸۹Уϵˡ
иĦ˹УķûϢҴʮȥңѹ
á
һֱо3sҪ˵˭ܷ쳣Ī
һҽڡ
֪͸֧ȡ潫ӦǾϣƲţԱߵļ꣬ʲôҪ
սĹƣĢҺĻסǳ3s׵
ôˣӪҺͨιӦǾʲô
񣬡δ֪ޡ
δ֪ޣšüղŴĦ˹Уһ˵ʲô
ûʲô˼˵ЩűĿƲӦǾǾ᲻º֢
Ҫȥһγ׵ļ顣̾Ϣһδα⣬Ҳ֪ײʲôа
ԮӴ൱Դڵ˶ʱ֪ǳȥĻߡ
ֻѹǶȥ


132 
֪˶֧ӪҺ, ѹ۾컨壬һǴǸûдĿڡ
Աߵͽ
ѧԻ·ôģ
ˬ, ſʼΧ, һŤͷԱߵλʦ
ৡһʦ
Ķ˯ͦ㡣
ԥУ
 
ŤͷϸһȦǳˣ
ûУﻹ֮ǰķڡ, ˾
һ죬һܷҵˣѾԴܷ
ͷŵӪҺ, һץλʦȥ˳ͷȸɾеӪҺ
ˡɽ, ڹʦͺ, оô
С˸Ƿû˯
ͽ£һ
ʦôģߺʻɽ
ǷȥƵϴ, ȫ˶ԸɾӽǡɽЦ, ǹھϢ, ˶֪ˡ
¶󣺡ʲôƵ
źŶû, ô
УӵָӺ͵յ̨¼Ƶָӷ˳ȥ¼, Ծһֱڷ״̬ɽ, ɺܽͨһź, УָӵƵˡ
ʾ, Ȼ죬һʱ䣬ƵǿԵġ
Դڲȱɽֺ˵˵һڵı仯
ʱĦ˹УǼܷҲ׹䣬β仵ˣάԱܿ취סǸ©ľԱÿһʱѰУ󺮳֣ǲŸսڣӹһ٣һֱûٳ
ʮ˹ȥһ뵽
۹УǱߡӦǾûѡɽԥ˻ᣬ
û£һӦǾ
ǳ3sָӣ̫ǿ
ûҽʡ
ˣ˽ҽרŸ˹
һ˵һߡ
ˡǰһ̧ͷ̴ڹһΪλһҪ档
㿪֣ѧôҲˣ
ЦЦѵʱӵǣô
ǰֱӦɺǰӣڵҧһڣûˣеˡ
ԼӣѳԵĶڣǵʺãָӶǴޡ
ӡ̧ͷԼƵǱߣҲУʦʮӡ
гԵһɨ⣬ϣе󣺡ʲôʱȥ
ҪӦǾѹ˵ƽͨԺѾˡ泯УǱΧһ˿ȥһ죬ûᡣ
ʲô˳Ŀȥ
ܿʲô¼Ƶִϣһ˵ôƵУǸָóš
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ӦɺԼؿڣҺǸƵһֱڷ״̬Ȼˡ
ѹ󣬴Ħ˹У˳׷ֻӦǾһѣҲܳ
СʱӦǾ˹״̬ȻܲҪߡ
һӣһΣա
ЩͬϢһʱ䡣
ӦǾҡͷô
˭淴Ӧһ£˵Ħ˹û£Сʱѹˣġ
ӦǾȭס˼ȥҽ

һСʱ󣬷˽ӵ֪ͨ׼ֳ
Ҫ߳Ż߳ÿһ϶ƤʮĶΧˡ
оѧе㲻̫һˡС֮ǰѧȥ˷ݺͼ㡣
ǵѵʵսǰһ
ʵսȥޣ޾޻ǰÿһÿһսͣ¡
˭Ҳû취ֻͣһնɱޣûа취ȥ£һ㳹Ҳز
󺮳ڳҲתֻûЩʶĻɫ״ߵüȴ
˪УԮӻžУͷڵĹԱĳȥ
󣬵۶ǵһ֪ͨоУѱӳ뾲һα
ˣû£뿴Ħ˹УϽ̨ùھ
ϧˣȻڵһǵ۹У
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˵ƽͨԺһˣҺϵľԮӡ
Ҫ˵һƽͨԺĶңлԼ˲ѧ
ΪʤҫǰʦѧѶУǰ֡
ô˵Ħ˹ƽͨԺľҲΪɡûƵ˶ҪֱӷߵȾԮӽȥƽͨԺԱҲҪһ
һǷ۴Ħ˹Уɣɧһһ׵ģ˼

ǻҪڷֱԵͷŴˡ
ԣǵĸۿڹرˡèڴ˵ĵϻνţ¡
ϰҲû취ȥˣֻⶰ¥š
ʲôվһ¥ҹ
ʦҪ飬ʱ⡣װ
⣬Ǹʦ̸̸֪߳΢Ц˵

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ϹһѾһ˹
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̾һ
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绨ѩ
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ҺǰˡǰһѳʳʾǿΧ˶ˡ
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Ƥ˿˿ȤڽԱߣ⣿
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ϣУԵ쳣ƽͣвУӳԱվһ˵Ц
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һǰǻڼڣѩн˺Ѿˡ


133 
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, ˫ɶԵ裬ү˵Ťƨ, ʹÿ
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ûƿĿ, Ҳûдк, ֻǿſڵӦǾ
ӦǾ΢΢˵ͷǴк, 漴۹УǱȥ
ûʲôڼҲ, ںıǶ֡ˮȥ, һ̡
˵裬ȥѾɳˣ˿ע
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УҲԣʵ
ԣһȥѡˣ롣㿪һʷĻ
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ָҳϣʣʲôУ
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Ф
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вŮ֪ʲô˼ֻФĽţá
ȻӦˣФһ죬òġѵԼֵ̫ߣ
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ӱУʦ֪⴫ŵФ
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µ¼˺ţ鿴а飬Ȼֶһ飺S͡
̳
ԼԽתӦɺӿSصϡȻֻ࣬һС顣
Ӧɺַ̧˷S͡
ܾȣȻɢѧȣ;طSʦڵҲ֣L2ζܻL3ߵĵȼ
̳᲻3s׵ݣʵ
ӦɺӵһӦǲܣ3sֻоƬڣоƬһֱֻУ
㲻˵ǾУоƬһΣ᲻ᱻ˸ˡ˵̳ڻ3sݡ
ᣬоƬкܶܵķʽȨһ£һ¡Ҫô׸ƣУ縴ˡӦɺóоƬƲпܽеݻȥĦ˹ǴоƬʧܿ˻Էûʱƽ⸴ơ
οôȥƽķڸУûҳ
Լ˺ϵĵȼȥ֪ʲôˡ
һֱھУ֮ħ̳Ȼs֪ʶи߼Ļ֪ʶ
Ӧɺüʱ䲻һ㣬ʱѵʱ˺ŸҵǣҰ
áӦ

ڶһ磬У˾ۼһصȥ˸ۿڴ¥Ǳ߿յϾȫļܽᡣ
˴ʵʵվ棬ŷѩ˴Ħ˹УûκһУá
Ϊ콱ֻ̨һУվ档Угֵģгʱ䣬ûа졣
ǰվһɢ


134 
ȫֱ, ڵ۶ǵһֱﵽһΪ׳۵֣һȼ˹, ֮󣬹̨޺á
һ۾ͼ˫ֻ, ˴ĵ̫̫ͷӣ˫Ż濪, ۿžҪʼȡ
̿˹ȥ, סǰͷ, ָóȥ, ȣ
鲻ԸŶ
ǱߵĹԱѾںÿ̧, ʳָָ, ָָԼ۾ֶ˵, ʾԼʱע
ó, ˫վֱ, űͦĿڿǱ߶ŴĦ˹ͷ
ϹĹڵһӦڿҡ
⻹꣬ȻͷЦˡ
أˣɧֻɧ, 빴ȥշۡ
Ц, Цһ궼ûˡ
ȡ
̨, ԱԱߺԱ˵ʲôӦվм䡣
ܽûзǱʲôֻԱΪǱص˶Ų£ԱеӦܽᡣ
󺮳ϣźͬʱҡźҴҽҴ󲿷˶߳ϵĴ󺮳ǲˡӦŻͲָ÷죬·֪ȫΪ
δ󺮳һʧȥ34ԱԱԼ11УӦݱһֺ󣬵һĬ
ƽͨԺԱڵڶκϮʱʧٵģУˣԴ˵Ҫټһ
34ԱУǼܷϵˣʱ׹٣ЩԱûмʱڣߡ
ľУоƽͨԺˣЩ˶ϵǰʧģʣӦǾ͵۹Уֿ󣬵۹УλҲߣѰټȳµĴĦ˹Уû
˴αȥ۹УʹĦ˹У޷Ӧʱ䣬ƽͨԺԭлʧȥѧӦŸղƽͨԺһͲݸԱߵˣλƽͨԺĴЩҪʹ˵
ƽͨԱӹͲһ±ǾϹǸ漴Уȥʹûöӡ
ƽͨԺϸǵʱڼ⣬ϿҵǸ
ֹƽͨԱ췽ĴҲͬʱڵһһ˵Ǹ
ֱĻһƬˢ
˻ڳصУӦݼڵδȫУһУȥյժ죬ͨźŽǻŵźŴ˳ǹû
Ӧ˵⻰ʱĸӣԭΪڼʱĶӦǾͼһŪģʹŷӦǾ
УǡĦ˹УӦݼȻˣᾡְãΪΨһһִյ㣬ժľУ˴λùھõʮ֡
´Ħ˹Уʱʱ꣬ǵһõھֻǷҲֵû
Уޱ鿴ǣȻԸϣ췽ȷʵû˵ֹֻ˽¹϶ѣڴĦ˹ž췽ǿԵõھ
Ħ˹УԱ콱Ӧݿ̨µˡ
棬һһߴսз̨㲥豸ѵһ콱̨ϡ
˼һ̨㲥豸콱̨ͷŪ豸ֱͷǰĹڲ֪ʲô˼ܹݱĵ۹УԱҪʲô
۹Уˣ
ŪúֽͲ׼㲥豸
˿̣ȫۿֱĹڶһ㲥
ϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㡣ظһ顭
ز飬Ű¹㲥豸ߣֱŻͲ˼ڵĹ㲥ŴҶûǾż顣
ֱͷǰĹڣûУѿɫ
ȿȣƴԣҪ̫ˡ
δĦ˹УõھʲôԴ˵ģɽӹӦеĻͲʳ⡣
СŻͲȫ˵棬Ӧɺӣһֱиʵ۹˫֮һӦǾ
ӦɺŤͷȻһҪ˵ʲôͼùĻͲ
̧̧֣סӦɺӣһСͷͷıؾʲô
˻ȻԵ۹У˷Ӧδ̫ˡ
˿ǵķӦĿӦǾ۾ܴܲһЩؾ
㲻Ҫ̫ûָӣǲһܳŵĻ˾ͽɫΪѿ
ֻֽһЩ⣬˵ˣҲûǿ󡣡̾·˾ͽȡ֡
ӦǾ̧Źھ̨м˽ʡ
üð
Ҫ˽ȥֽ̣µ÷ʹսɣ
˵ָǿǻ׵ǿ
ȻӦǾǿǳ3sָӡ
̨޳ĢҺ󣬺Ҳ㳬3s
ǣǡư

ֱĹڷ׷ӦǾӴƲâ
һʹɫƤ鴤ˣǽ֣ùͲʼ˵ЩƯ
ӦɺĨĨͷĺ㻹ʣ
죺վ콱̨ϣùھҪ⣬ʲô
ͷ£ǿЦġӦɺǰƲϵ
ûпЦ˼ֳӦǾǱ߿һۣա
΢΢һ
Ӧɺ̧ס䣬ʲôҲûʲôҲ֪ø类ͷǧ
ھ̨ϣұߵĻɽдЦŴĦ˹УǱߣԱߵĽŻͲ˵мվڣ֪ںӦɺ˵ʲôĻӦɺͷأ˫񲢲ߵƫͷǸҲ˵ʲô
һĻھͷڣýΪĦ˹УڼڵͷƬ
ܽᣬĦ˹УһȫһԭҪУƾУУâԽԽǿԽԽĹڿǣѾв˺ԼûѺĦ˹У
һ¿ȷںķУѺĦ˹Уڵ˻ԽԽࡣ

ܽᣬû˵һʲôʱ򡣡ŷӦ
ȷǿŸۿڣǲȥһ汧Žȥ
ʲôʱһʡ
ɽָĦŽƣӦǿŸۿڵǰһų顣
Ƶ춯췽Ϊ˼⣬ֻǰһ
һˣҪꣿûѵǳڡ
Ǹʱ򣬸Уܻͷǵĸ߲㽻档涪һ䣬
ѧǹھ潫֮ǰ˵Ĺھùˡ
Цű𽱱ҵһھ
Լվãźա
վһһƬһ
һ¡ԱһλĦ˹УĶԱæһźӰ
˸һ꣬УӳԱּһգԽԽ࣬ûвͷһֱЦ
ңС˵־Ф·Ʋ죬ΪӴĦ˹Уˣһηھ͵ӦǾ
ѧǣȴŽֻǿʼĦ˹УѾ˾롣
ȫԱ3sĻףȫԿƽͨԺ۹Уڡ
ȻʮӶʮ
Ħ˹УԴֵزȻл3sӳԱ

ܽ󣬸УֿʼÿԺ֣ûѵ΢̿һѧԼѵܡ
ѾȫѵˣÿÿԽӿоƬڣϿΡʱʱȥħ̳شĿSס
ħ̳İ飬кܶµĿԴSݣ۲֮²⽫ƺõS׿Ÿħ̳ҲıҪֶ֮һ
ӦɺоǵĻףʣθݻ޸ġ
㼸ûˣţҪҪһȥܲҿܶΧŴ¥ܡ
ȥſϻSͼ
治ȥ̾˾УɶӵȥǴĦ˹ֻһܳԿġ
ӻ
ԣ㣡˲վߵɽԱߣӺһȥܲ
⼸¥ܲѶǰˡеɱãýȥС
Ӻһʣֽ÷򿪷ţ߲ߣ
˴ŴĦ˹Уѵµһ¥߳ţʼŴ¥ܡ
һű㱻ûһ飺ô䣬һȥ·
ɽһѾס죺һͲˡ
ʼԭػûһͺˣڶˡ
˵ݱսˡ
˶ź磬ţɫѥ׺ıѩϣûѥ档
ۿĵмϵͳѩڵϺܿ㱻ڻˣֹѩ谭ǽС
һᣬֹȻһ·ǸУĻ׵Ÿѵڴ¥Χš
ϧˣڴ󺮳Ȼ꣬ǻȥĺڳóʱûлֽţͷﶼڽҪһ
ԼԼУ˴㲻㷸棿ͻȻʵ
ɽ˼ǻûܡ
涨Ϻû˵ͬһУ˴򶷣ᱻ֡ɽϸ涨
Ҳû˵ᱻ֡ɽţȥʦ
ԣץͻɽһúôܡ
һܣһģȻǰȥͬʱͻɽҲͣ
ǰһλ·ĹԱͻȻѧ֣һѵֱӽѧ漴ֳһȺѧͳǹ
ÿһǹѧͷ޿ɾȡ
٣һ˹ȥҪץסǸԱδǸԱ㱻Զһǹ
ǹܹ¿ѧҡҡͷûˡ
סλѧӵһУʼղϷ֡
ѾˡʾԱߵѧλУ
ײУ޲Ĳɱѧɽֻ뵽һ֯Ȼ
ŸѧߵѩѪȾü졣
Ƭ̺۾ٷ֣Իɽе㲻Ȼȥˡ


135 
ڸۿڴ¥, ڶУǰһɱ߸ѧ
һУ
, 飬ͬʱʵʱ, ַϴڵĶ
¥ڵľУȫصң²ó
ЩˡŴ, ¥⿴ȥ, ѾκӰ, ֻлڲƮصıѩ
һˮů֣ڴ¥֮ǰϰúܶ, ͸ƮİǸȻô꣬ͻȻð, ֻΪɱѧ
߸ȫƽͨԺѧ, ҸǸ𡣡Ӧɺڶ棬ʱ䷲ڶԸðĶ, ƽͨԺ˲ѧȥ
ͷȥܲ鵽, ԸɴƽͨԺѧһ
ϰһĴ󺮳, ʧȥʮһУɽڿǽߣһɱ߸У
ֱƴ󺮳˺
һĬȥѧǾƽͨԺˣڷǣ˭Ҳ֪ǵɢʲôطһǲǾֵУ, ֵϵ
˾ɥĲ񣡡, , ʼ侲ʱǸ֣Աߣǰһֱͣѧźµӡ
֮ǰʮԮôˣӦɺ̧ͷʽ档
Ͷ˰죬˫̽ˡüźҪѧźлᶯ֡
ҺǶˡӦɺ˫ֽյ°ϡ
ͷһˮʮ3sУһ֪ĳ3sָӣһʧںʮ꣬ԿԷſֽš
ʼֻҪԿƱزֱӲգЩһֱ͸
ʲôɽʵ
ʱֻ֪֪͸Ϣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôֶΡ˼²ŲֶΣһЩ˴ͷβǶļϸļϸ
ЩʲôȫȤֻ֪ɱԼأΣأʦǵܵԲŲǺͶǣϣ
ţôչȥǲ֣Ҳˮһδȫɳĳ3sһ֪Իᱻ뾡һа취ɱ
̧ͷʣڷ
˴̼֪̾ʱͲȥ
Ҳ¥ĻԼûܹ
Ӧɺҽȥ
վãûӦһƱ㿪ˡ
ӦɺŽȥڴϣָס۾˯ˡ
ӦɺԱߵӷ£ҪҪϿΣ
ϡӸǹͷӱڴƵģҶˡ
Ӧɺ۵״Ц⣺ʲôڲܳȥֻӪҺˮ
С
ӦɺתȥһкõˮӪҺ
𣬽ӹˮ̣һҪȥҽ
ý롣Ӧɺ˫ַαϣ°͵ֱϣΪ¥µѹ
ˮ£˫컨壺ǣֻ׵¡
ӦɺӰŰɣΪ鲻á
һ㣬ǱʲôۿڹԱͻȻɱѧŤͷ
ǲŷӦ
Ӧɺӿв죬ǽͣǸۿڹԱǶڱǰƽͨԺѧ
ôʱ䣬ǻûɨǽ˫۶Űǽ
ѶȺܴ˭Ҳ֪ߵǲǶӦɺſαϵ֮ǰһǽǽܸپǶ£ϲǡڸŲ飬ҳ
ӦŲУѧԼֱۣҪˣӾУʼ㡣
ѾʼˡӦɺҲ֪УǱ߿ݡ

˹ͬʱһУϵͳϢ㿪г¥ѧ㣬Ŷӽҽҽ顣
ҪȥҽһҽǣӦɺӿ
δַһϢǾҽȥҽңһҪȥѧӦǾ£ٹ
ȥҽңȥҽǡɴӦɺһߵ
˵㣿ɽ
ڿɳϣ񣺡ˡ
ոն˽ȥˮм֧ӪҺûԣ棬޵׶ֳˡ
һţɳʣʲô
ܲһЩ⡣ýš
ӳԱʼһȥʵսѵҲй飬⣬УлԤμӣһֱûл顣
񼫺ͷֱ溮ⲿ䣬ԶȲ䣬֮Ѿڸۿڴ¥˷ʩͷá
һ磬¼񱻵˳¥˶Ҫ飬ʱվڴ¥ǰľУҲҪȥʱɱѧУȫΪصԤ
Ħ˹һӱ
㣬ʦҲѾ˻飬վҽſڣѧ
վſڵһʱ˵ԼĵĸܣɱƽͨԺѧǴĦ˹Уֱ졣
ĳ£ǴĦ˹УˡѶʦվԱߣðһ䡣

ѧзŶӣһֱˡ
Լɽɹɵһ
ΪʲôֺˣһԱߴĦ˹Уѧĵӡ
ӵ˼ŵ
һʲôֱΪΪĿöɱ˵ĶҪصա
أָǰӦǾʱûԱ߼
ӦǾбĵϣʱվڴߣĳ
ԭ
ͷڵǩԼ֣һᱻʦֵӦǾ档
ĿԼеĵϣż̲ס̧ͷǰӦǾ˳ڳеĳ
Էͦվҽſڣһƺ˸뿪
ŵӵֶ˶ӦǾͷ̫˳ˣ鲻Խֹȥһ
ֻһ£죬ԷӦòҴߣȫ֮ǰ˼ͷֵ¡
һӦǾɫģˮϺóС
ָСӦɺһͷɿëȫͬ
ӦǾûз֣δͷʼնǰҽҴš
ĿתӦǾĳȼͷ᲻ᱻ۹УΧ
ȣһλͬѧһľ롣
ѹɧУѧ۾Źˡ
Ŷ
ӦǾһȥϤ̣ҽ֪ܿ콫˷ų
Ŵ򿪣ӦǾīɫӶ۾ҽȥ
˵꣬㽫ӽԱߵȺʦת뿪
űĵӽȥҽڶ棬ºͣ
£ҽɨһȦ
ǵϰߡҽĵӣЦЦȿһȦԷⷢ
ְҵϰߡ˳Ļ
һγ¥ܲҽǰĹĻֵ˵㣬ӦôιܣֻĻʲôϢҲ
ԡ
Զʲô
û
ҽصĻǸдˣǸΪô
ϣû
ҽɫºͣݲȥֻ˵Ľ̸
ûп鷢̫ͻȻϵ
Ŀֿ֫Կ˵ʵֻʵȴڷܡ
ҿʱ·ֳľ룬ܽҽֱ̧ۣӣ˽⣬ڼǴγֵУӳԱһֱУ
š
ʲô뷨𣿡
û뷨
ҽɫ仹ºࣺͣͬѧϣҵĹ
ϡǻ׵ˣʲô뷨ɱͱɱʲô𣿡
ҽһ㶣󻺻һûи֣һˡ
üʵؼ
ҽʲôϵ˵ܵĻ
̸һСʱҽŷ뿪ڹдһ䣺ʱ⣬ȱʧԡ
ӹµĵӳȥ
ôôãͻɽѾ˼飬˴Сʱ̽ͷһĵӣҲûӡ¡
ѵӽʦšԴȥˡ
˺к߻ҡ

һֱڶ㣬ڴ¥ѧԽԽҪص㻹ۼѧɱЩУϡ
ͳƳʱ뱻ǹɱѧУٶЩ⡣
Ϊʲôûͬ飬Լӹһ٣ԱߵȴǹСľУǷŭŭΪ
ҡ
򿪹ĻĲԽ
ҽ￴˻᣺ʲô⣿컯˭Ҫ档
̫ȱʧӡ
йءŹĻϵ
վǰѶǰץס㣬˵ȱʧûмУױ߷
Ц˫ֱۣЦһǽܸٻмУ껹ǾУʱôŵ۹УڣĿãǱ߷ˣ
Ѿ룬Ҫмس򡣡ɫ̫ÿҿѶǰѧ̬
ҪҪǿֱôȱʧҲΪ
üһҪУ֪
̧ͷںЩȥ
ͷʡмس3sҲ˶á
ڻң߰С
ȻˣڼӦǾһΣҾֺ֡
ԣԳȥ
ô˵
ʱһֱڣֻǴӦǾѹҽ̸ʱȥˡ
֣ǰһ3sָӣ֪쳣ǿǴκŪĶǶиܵƸףҲǲСӦǾңҪ̳ж˿Ȥ
̫ףӦǾ룬
Ϊ۹Уָӣһעʵϵı㲻ɫҲҪעı仯ûС
ǳ3sָӵš𵱳ʮ·ӦǾϹսĿǰӦв
ü֮ĵȼҪϸܣ£˭Ҳ֪ǻʲô¡
ҪٵһǳӦǾ֮ͷĿꡣ
ô꣬ӦҲ3sֲ֣ҵţΪľǻסӦǾ
ϾǴͨѡӪҺ¼Ӱ̫

ӵͨѶ˵ν˵ҲҪس򡣡
ãһ˵˶٣ȻȥӦǾ
ûСƱ硣
˼ͷۿˡͷۣҿӦǾǲ㣬Ȼ֡
ͷѡֹ
ǽͷѣǽɧţŭҪǵ۹Уʦ׽ס㣡
´βˡʦ˼ھͿΪΪ


136 Ǽ
ѶУʦ,  ˵׳⣬Ħ˹Уıһ޸ĸĹ¶,  ȱʧ,  ѶУ˱ʾͬ飬Ҫ侮ʯɼ,  ڱ
ѶУʦһֻ֪Ǹǳˣ汩¶3s,  Ħ˹УǱ߷ˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ħ˹Уΰóس֮ǵĹ¶ºܿ,  У֪
۹УͬҲ֪ˡ
ǳ,  Ǹ¶˾ͽ͸,  ôĦ˹Уģ
ûǮûƣҲӴ˻ף˾У,  ЩСûѵһ
˾ͽйɱŤ,  ѧʮĻ,  һӴײһˣ
Ҳ˭ˣǴĦ˹УˣҲһʼȼǾǴĦ˹У׼ơ
Ǿ˵꣬˽Ϊ,  Ҳǡ˵ΪʲôĦ˹УһʼԵʡ
ָǸǽܴĦ˹Уʦĵѵ˾ͽȻӴ׵ʱ϶١
꿴ӦǾأ
֤ݲӦǾ˵Ļûлɡ
ӦǾĿɼϴĳΪǴĦ˹Уơ
ƣĦ˹Уڲŷǳ3sΪƣƱÿ궼飬û˷һ3sͨУѧμѡνУӣ˭Ҳ֪ʵĵȼ
ʮǸҽһʼŸӵģ㹻˵Ħ˹Уȶ3sº֪顣
¶
ڿ֮ǰвʹ

оУѧŲܳ䣬ֻڹ̶ʱڿԳԷ
УǱ߿ᣬ׼ҪӸųȥѲ߰æ
ʵ֪ǲΪ˷ɢߣֻƽͨԺķշֵУϡ
Ħ˹УͶƱЧӶȥ
ܲܺȻһǶѲʲôãˡ
ͷôĦ˹УĻ£ලѲ߶ж֣ǿԶ֡෴жҲ˺¥У
ǣ룬òܣжҪ綯ˡ
УͶƱͬˣǱȥӦɺӪҺ
žѥڵϣϵЬѧϰʱ䡣
ʱɵĿΣкüĻûꡣ
Ѳߣɽʽ档
ߣӶǴǡ򿪹ԣʾǿǱ߿㣬ȥ;֮ǰһСֹĶڷĳ
ϣץĻǣԥʵ
ۡһ£ѶУ˺һѲߡ
ˣ
֪ӦƽͨԺ͵۹УϱߣЩУȥ˵±Ǳ߹۲ƽ񡣡
ȻҪɱƽ񣬵Ҳܻжðƽһ߶ܷɡ
˴ã߳¥ʦڴ¥ſڵš
·СġˣҪǿ
߹ȥʶԼƨɶ㿪
վס
ͣ߶ʮһȵʦҴˡ
߹ȥֱ̧ϵĻ£һﶼʲô
ԭǻˣ˿
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һԱˣں޲ɴཫ˻λãȥǱߣҶԸߡ
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139 
ǴصҺ, 潫ռܽó˿
ÿĴһЩƬ
ͬһҴʮһǴٵء淭һƬ, һǻԭģȫˡǰѶУǴ**Уǿн룬Ȩʱ, ڲա
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ֹͣͻȻ, ԾҪ, оУ˿ʼָԭȵ״̬ɽڿתתȥԻѵ塣ڿӦɺõϣӦɺ˺, ħ̳⡣
һɳڣټıƵԼ˵, Ĳ̫棬е
ֽ̧ĻƵһԣϣǸҽǶ, һ3sһ3s
˼Ƭ̣һʱ䣬ҳһƬ**̧ͷѾڿˡ
˭ͦÿģϲˣһڿС̣ܳҪϢ·ϵƬ
棺
˭ϲˣӷͼֽ仰ҲԴ
Ƭô
ÿ濴꣬ĴָƯ
ȴüǵӦǾһιĻʿֻǵǸҽ
ĸУУӳԱӦɺ̽ͷȻϲϻǲġ
ſ˰Ե񣺡ǾУˣҺܶꡣ
ϲ㡣ɽðһ䡣
ǡ滹˵⼸˼άѾɢɴԼ䡣
ţµǸҽϸƬЦȷʵ˵㣬Լˣ

ǵڶҪ뿪ǣΪ⣬˴УһͬǣڷǶͣ
ôǽϲȥǽʱֵ**Уȫŵһǽ
˿ȥȻӦǾһǽ͵**УУӷֿˡ
һ߶ѧ֣һ˸ϽȥˣҪȥҹԮ
ǲˣʵ
ʲôֻȥҹǰæҪӦǾǶʾǸϽȥ
ΪʲôȥʮԮүҲҪȥս
һŤͷǱ߿ȥʮŵסҪЩѧȥһ˴ηɶӦݺӦǾȥ
˶йָӣͳԮ飬ٶȽ״̬Сʣ¸ȥǼǵ۶ǸҲĺĽ
ҹ׳ĵطȻҲ׳¡
ԼУȺг˱ǳԵѧϽȥϰúѵȻ˼һѹǡ
ǽҵԼ䣬߽ȥ룬ͻȻӷ̽ͷŸƺţԱ߻ס˭
յİɡӶûϵķڴ
䣬šաһˣң
ǽ
һʦûȥʮأ
Ƴһۣҽ긺ǣ뿪
ǡУȥˡڰ
ȥģҪ˿ǡȦڸʲô
ûѵѵ⡣
û¡Сı˱ȣ˯ôһ㡣
°͵˵䣺ȥˣȥ˯һ£Ҫȥдʦ
ŽʦԶıӰʶʲôʦ
ɣǽһߡӦɺӷ¶ſڵ
ǲרŵǽҪȥҲȥǱߣʲôڷʡ
Աĸǽԣ˳Թ۲ǣʱ򽲽ʱҲл̸浹֪һ㣬ӦҪȥ⣬ϰƽͨԺǽ
ʦסԱߡɽŶţȻԼƨɣΣӡ
ѧҲҪʮˣ֪ʲôʱټ̾õ˹ھ
Ժл档
վſһᣬǰصԼ䣬ʼϢ
ͬʱѾĵǽϡ
**УӳԱڻ󷽣żҪĵˡ
ҹĺʹһرѶԸ˾ͽȥҹǲˡ
תԼĻ׽ָ޷Ǽȼ
ѵǻҹǻ⣬һϸֻУҹһʮĸСʱֻĸСʱǰ졣ϵһĴųˣþ
ĿӦǾϣԭԮֻӦǾͼȥҰȡθĻᣬ湫ǼҺ˾ͽ֪Ҳһ
˵䣬ҵűƿӦݺ͵Ľһڻǰ
Ӧվڻǰ̧мһĻǱߴϢߵʵձǿ
Ŀɨڵˣżζڲͣ**Уѧٸϣ޷øǿҹֻܱռ졣
ҹڸϵеλȻȹһǣΪֹЩûȫռȫҹǴķܶϣ
ʼҹһֱʮţ**У𣬱˻ҹǣɵפءطѶȸߣ󣬵פػҹŵ**УȫλѹĦ˹У
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ֻõ˵ڶǱ߼оݣʱֻеʵڷ仯ӦݵǱߴļƵսʱ¼ġ
һʼл谵ϿʲôӦݵʲôһ࣬ܿޡ
쳣½ϣȴд֡һҺ˦õǣױմϺ̱ʴ߰ߵ㡣
ͷζȻͷװսĻϡ
ʻ׵˶޼ֲ֣ΪÿһιˡڻļλУܶԸЩޣеĶĸ΢١
Ȼһ룬ͷԭһϢޣͻȻ𣬿ţ³һҺ׼ڻײΪֹ
ҺײǸʴƵд˵ľҪӳײգȴöͷޣֱӱҧϲӣ塣

һĬ˾ͽκ͹Ǿ˸ǵһμƵɫΪѿƵдǸ׵ֵ
ӦĿӹǼУһƵ
ÿһƵƵеѾȥ״ңǰҲ˵ͷɢҡ
Ǿе̲סҪȥ
Ӧݺס
ǾӱܣʮֿܣֻڻҴϡ
ͣ£ص**УǽӦ
Ǿҧɿ֣˻ԱߵӦǾʼɫûκα仯
Щʵ궼һΧڣȥļҲ˫sϵĻ׵ḻһλѾǵҹǣԭҪһºۡӦݹصĻʵǱΪΪЩҹȥĸ̫࣬ڽͬʱǵҲϳΪ޵ĿԵ޼ٽ졣
ȻҪϣԼѧݣսֻսһ£ûں˭ӦݿˣﲻĶƽ


140 
ʲô
Ӧɺһ, ùϵͼֽS, Щط֡
Sסűӣ
Ӧɺ󣬲ŷѪҽôѪ
ȥҽǡͷҲģӦɺûʲô, оԱͨרעƣĴԼ
Ӧɺʶջе, סʲôģ
棬Щǰѧ, ǹۡӦɺ·, ֪ʶ©Ҫע⡣Ҫע塣
֪һʻ, , ץץͷ, ڲˣȥҽ
ӦɺҲ󣺡΢ͼ¼оƬǲҪȡ
ԣҽ˵Ҫȡڼݡôһ߱, ǽҽȥ
΢ͼ¼һֱڼ¼ֻ֮ǰźʧ, ҽǱ߿ˣһʱҽȥʦǱߣûüоƬȡ
ͷԺл֮ǰͼֽϵĽṹ, ûӭˡ
ֱ˺ס
̧ͷһɡ
ôˣǽϻܣЦʵ
̧Լӣ滹һֽ˸ڣСײǽˡ
ЦЦ´Сһ㡣˵ձǰ뿪
ǵһμôº˵ǰĦ˹УʦǶرף
ߵҽſڣţѱϵֽȡӵ
ľݵ
ȥ֮󣬾ʾ£ڲһԹߣѪ
š
Ӽ˾ƾ򣬲˲·Ѫգǰʱ䣬õӦǾӪҺ䷽ϧòˡ
Ϊʲôͷɾ
屻ƻĸءݽƾӽҽͰڣڵ
üƻĸأҲƻˣ
һ٣̧ۣôӪ㱻ƻֶ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ӦǾΪòҪԪزŻӦҲֲܲж
һǵָӡָָԴˡ
֮ǰпƤоƬ
ʱźŶˣֻó鿴Ұݵ·ŻȥֱӽĻڲҩʱٹ
ڲŽ̧ͷ
Ҫһʱ䣬һȷ¼ûлȻȥæġݴӺڷһӪҺóȣ¸ģЧ
ؿŷۺɫӪҺݮζ
ζָҽҴţϽȥ¶ࡣ
һζӪҺߣ;һ֧ζȷʵζ
ţоƬѪڶȡУϹԣƬ̺󣬽оƬóŵһԡ
϶һ֮ǰڼݣһʮĸСʱƽط·ˡ
ݼ»ڵ㣬ʱӦǴĦ˹Уһʱһֱߣûκβ·Ѿֹˮɮ붨ѹûаǸ֪
˶ҽľݣ
һֱȥڷ춯ĸ֪һڵͻȻȻߣһСʱڰθּ֮θߣһƽĻ˵ֱߡ
ʱ䣬ʱڵ㣬ǵʱȥ֮󣬲ʱ㡣
ԭ
룬ʼͨѶ
Ǹʱʲô״ԥȥʱڱѩϣ˯һʱ䣬ѹҲûʲô쳣ˣ
ûУֻʣڼǸŪġ
࣬ӦǾ˵һκȷʵ
ûмɫ״ʿƵֻܿ¼һƵˣҲܿЩöԸ
3sһεĺݽԣȷ𾪡
У֪ݽͨѶתӣȥøղŴȡоƬ

һӦɺŹȥڡ
ʲôһŤͷ
Ӧɺӿ볤̵ͷڱڵֽţһ˲仳Լʵ졣
һۣħ̳ĵȼʲô飿
ûж࣬Sݣݶҿ˿SĻʦˮƽУǿԺǾУڵSʦȡӦɺһ𿴣ֻҪԽ࣬ݿԴԽ࣬ȼȥ
һsݣ˷ʵ
Ӧɺӵͷǰ۵ԭƣ˷֣ҲǣϴĦ˹ҷȥ֮̾˼ȻL3϶иߵĵȼ
ģͣȻӦɺӣ̳Ǵ֪ģ
Ҳĳ̳һΣ淭˺ܾãҵӦɺӻһʼֻѹȫAĶֱ1+1ڼ˭뵽滹
ҲǴ̳ġѧУʦû֪
ɢѧ˽̳ӦɺӲ²⡣
˻˵ʲôŽʦģ˵֮ǰ׼زһֱû͹Ǹղʲô
˵
汧˼ô˵̳ɸѡ
ӦɺӽԿһز
濴ͷӵˣУ̳ᷭɺӣùǾ֪̳
ᡣӦɺӺԥǾͳĲͳһʦ˷ʱ档
㷢̳ȴһֱû˼濴пиA⣬ſԴݡЩ̳һ档̳ĿģɸѡһûеȼԸ⹲ԼɹĻʦ
ӦɺӶʱ׹ѹַ˿Դݣ
濴Ǹ˺ţʲôID
IDɷֵزǼȥûбʦ˵ѧ
û¿̫ҪйٷУɢѧңȻ֯
˵һỰҪȥҽǣӦɺ˵Ҫһȥ
ǸʲôɽһҪߣʵ
ȥҽǡǿҪϵ˱ʾ
Ҹһȥɽվں档
ţȥģҲһȥ

ͬ裬һ̣ҽſڡ
ǡһһôÿҪһ
ҽֻǵ£һοϵ
С£һ׵ʲôʾ֣£
濴һۣ¡
ݣС
Ⱥɵӣǳӡ
¼оƬ·˽ȥժףҿݣֻһʱһҲ²ʱӦñ3s֪
šҲ̫
ݿźĽ棺ǹˣʦ˵һǼڳҲڣûиܵʲô
3sһʱʲôµѣܿʧˣ֪ˣ
Ҳˣʱѡɽ
ʧĺܿ죿°ͣ˼ӱʧһֱһʱ䣬һ롣
üӦǾ
һ٣ӦǾ
񣺡ӦǾʱҲڣڵоƬ᲻¼ĸ֪
ᣬоƬֻ¼һˡݿһۣѵ״ֻ̬һ˲ı
оƬŻȥ󣬾ҽ뿪
˳ȥһ·ԣ˷ȣĬķڡ
ղ˵ʲôһ䣬ʽ档
ʱ棬֪ҲӦǾĸ֪˷Χʱֻ֪ӦǾʵ廯ڷܱߣδ쳣Լɡ֪춯˲䣬ұ޷ټ֪
Ӧɺ󣺡ø粢֪ǳ3sΪʲôҪڸǣ
ҡҡͷԼҲ벻ףһȷδ̽ӦǾͼʱЩûҪҽ֪
ڴߣӦǾʱܽɫǽ
ɫʶüɫäǰɫ
ɫäôĻɫǽɫ㶼ܿ
ɫģǽǰɫģ㿴ӦĻɫ״ʡӡ
ûУȫǻɫ
ʣ˿ۣ֪վ˭ʱֻӦǾҲû취͸塣
ӦǾǣʡ
һ㡣治𵱳ӦǾǸͨѶƲ
ʡţֱϣĵ˳ûΡ
˵Ź֡ѾܾӣָҲֻôһˡ
һ

ڸУִʱҲǽҹϵͣϡ
½˵ľϸҹǡӦվǰҹǺֻ
ӦǾǵڶļ꣬Ҳ̸϶ƽ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


141 
ͣҹһξ, ;˾ͽμһһӺϹǰҲһһصľ
Щصľ϶ӿݣԶһҡҡλ, ڿըûмʻ׼ʱȫС
ҪҪȥǣ˾ͽŤͷͬվڴǰӦǾ
ըľӳӦǾУǲͬ·
˾ͽλ˵ʲôǰзصľתȥЩӳ, Ųٳ
ҹԽƵԽ࣬˾ͽλǲΪʲô
Ҫִҹ, ҪԽ޳ͬҪ, Ҫսܷء, ֪ʲô
ΪʲôߣǾʵ
꣬ҹǵ֪ޱ, ɱһ, ֻһµ޳֡
ҹǵ޷ֳǿ, ͨϵϵҪҲΪʲôصԭʵһ˳ʱоͼץס, ʹΪ޷ֳϲ, ϧЧ
ҹǱ֮ľЩȲܣѾɡҪץסּΪѣֻ֮ܲ
, ѾبڻҹǾ޳
ޣΧӴķޣֻҪһ뷶ΧڣǵĹ
Ȼһ½ƺܵеȼõˣ
Ҫȥ𣿡˾ͽβʵֽգ׼ս
ءӦǾǰӦݣףȥˡ
Ӧһվھǰ˻ףûκηҲûκλ׵һָӵߵ㣬Ҫ׵ı
̧ͷŸֱ֪ӹЩޡ
иַ޿ʼЩֱӵ䣬˾ͽĿŵķ£һȥ̱·˺ѷʳ
Զķ޻ԴԴϷɹӦֻΪһӣǽȥ
ɼĿ϶»صڡҹǵķΧڣ׷ķһ̷Χڣ̻ᱻ
ָӣ
Ӧһأ˹񺰵
ֻԮָӣλӦǾָӡӦֻһˣУ˻ʸܡ
ӦָӣԷкǽȥ޽Ƶ
ûǴ֮ǰʱҲǶ汩ӦתȥӦǾ
ǡӦǾͷǾ̤ƽ
ӦѾȥ˵ڶûۼ֤
ô˵޷ֳٶȱеĻ졣ӦݿȻԮ棬һ𡣡
˿**Уθ˵ļˡ
ӦǾûоܾ

ҹǳ괦ںڰУҿ˵ζѪζࡢˮʬζһ
Ҫһϵζֻáڰʾ
һ죬**Уûа취˯š
ӦǾڿƵļƵȫǴĦ˹ˡ
һڼ¼ƵǸƵȻÿһ붼ӡ
ӦǾһ飬Ծٴε㿪
ƵеĻףЩĿķſմԣʲôҲû˼
ȵƵãӦǾŻ񣬵㿪аĵڶƵ
콱̨ݣֻһУ콱̨ΧֻйٷԼͷûκý塣
ӦǾԼͷؾʶͷͷΪʲôע⡣
ʱΪƽʱһƣ˵Щ´δĦ˹ڵĻ
ӦǾ̧ͷƵϽԴЦˣ**УõھʱҲˣֻƺֲ̫һ
ӦǾ˷Ļ㿪һƵδ
㿪һŷǽýɷõƵǸۿڡ
Ƶһʼǵţͷ׼ЩˡźףĦ˹Уõھ˲ͣں֡
ӦǾƵеЩˣ沿ǵıˣɳǵˡ
죬ƺ**УҲûܵô˵ĻӭǱûκξԴУһֱڲ̲״ֻ̬ÿڳϰøУ˳ɨޡ
Ħ˹Уһܵýһӭ׷׼ǰȥɷá
ڴ󺮳ûзʲôȤ£˵һֱ͵**Уһ𡣡
ӦǾžͷڵô͵**УһǶʱ䡣
ӹýĻͲһý˵ôϽһ㣬ʲôһǴһ𡣡
ǼұӻýĿڣǣһ֮ûзʲôȽ˼£
аȻͷ
˲䣬ӦǾΪڿԼĪһ
ʲôý˼֣ƺȵʲôزġ
󺮳ʱ**Уָһ˻סͷ֪һתҵһϧǣû
ֱõĴ졣
һȷʵӦǾڼڻɫǽϵĳ
ǾӦݵ⴫
ӦǾٹصԣţá
лҪ˵ǣΪڿңԭڿͷ(._.)


142 
Ӧ߽ȥϷ, ô
ްӦǾվſڣڱϣʶڸϵĹԡ
֮ǰڷ, һֱûü㣬Ǹô£˵ǵ˴ӦݿѾ߳ͷֶӡ
УǷֿʱ, һҵУӦǾ
ǸеаԡӦüǵ**Уڵı˵ʲôΪѧѲȥĦ˹УĻ, Ұ㲻š
ӦǾŽµĵذ壬ûг, һ3s, ֮ǰڼӳԼʵȷõ**УΪ, ĸ֪ѹƲ
, ²Ӧú˵, ԼľСӦݵݸһСУ㸸ҽġ
ӦǾͷ򿪣һ׽Ŀһ, ̧ͷӦݣ
պã˿Ӧݼźú, ߳ſڣʮ֮ȥǡ
ӦǾţó, ͷİ׽׽Ӧ˵ʱ򽻸ؼֻһá
еʮ3s׵
ڴ֮ǰӦԵһֳΪϣʮ3s׵һͶϵĴԼӡ
ӦǾϺӣ׻֪3sָʮ3s׵вԸ

ڶ죬ӦǾӦݷͷӣŵ**УӣԼӸϸķߡ
Ϊ˷ֹеķ޹ûзҪӾſ߳ȥ
ҹһֻ֮4Сʱ磬4СʱǿϢʱҪٵ޾ ӦǾҪǼһҹǵ
Ķ˵ˣЩ˻ϽһģǼǰеˣӦǾĵԼ죬гŲΡ
ӦǾܴôӴĶ飬ڻҹǡ
ǰйսЩûۼʶֻǴԡԵ٣Ǳֻ֤ˡ
ӦָӣЩǶ֪ͷٳӦأ֪ǺĽ͸⼸λȥһս֪ˣûʱ˷档
ԺҪ֣ӦǾסںЩǰԵȽֻҪԼ±ɡ
ϳһ״ϷȥǲųŲ幫·޳
ӦǾӺͺӷֿսе˴԰ھ֮⣬ּΪ**УǵһսӦǾֻҪԸɡ
նɱ޵ٶȼ죬SǴСӿʼոޣֻǼо飬Ҳ޷
Щһʱ죬ΧУױ顣Щ޽թ֪׵ڻײոҧϻץ飬Ҫô׵ŪڻײڣҪôӳһצĹ
޵˻ļΧ̶֯˾ͽδδ׶ֲҽϴΣҲֻǴƵ
һǵʼ߰Ȼͣ£ú
˾ͽεһκԼ̫Ǹ˵Լۣؼҡ
ʲô˾ͽβһͷצӣרע
˾ͽδ˿עУֻᷢҲֻǿ򶨣ŲײĲ
Ǹճţʹȫͬǰ³ּͣϷҲûоԱǡ
ǾվӦǾܱû޹˵ܱߵ޶ǴֻӦǾĸ֪ǰֻΧ˻
ӦǾڵʱ䣬ʮ꣬Ҫ˹ӣǰ
ôߣеľٿһֻ޵ͷҧǰǵ·ȫסˡ
ӦǾƳһֹ̧ۣΧޣ·ֻǶ˶ָѣܱߵޱ˻źˣȻʲôв
ӳȻҲָӣܹô̧׾ٵؿܱߵޣܼļ
ߡӦǾǰһƬڰͻ׵վǰ棬ͻǺ棬еͻĿ겻䣬׼·׵ޡ
зޡͻ׵ֻ·Լأ
ü΢壬Ǹ˵ͻ׵ָӴʱҲôûмɣ
ͻ׵һѹòȥͻ׵Ҳ½½
ӦǾվм䣬Ŷһߡ
ʵϣеķ޸޷ǣӦǾø֪Щ޵ľһһǡ
Խߵ棬еͻ׵֣ǲȫġ
սûϢԣǸϸ棬ʵһ·ȥͷβûκϢʱ䡣ڣǿȥ׷ޣȺΧǡ
˾ͽηڰУѾŬѹԼҪע·еˣÿһζ̲סȥеԽԽء
Сʱսͬһƽ͵Ľ.ͬԼ˽飬ͷʱ䶼ûС
Ǿ˾ͽΡʼľٶЩȥͶȥһۡ
ǶһЩսˣʼԽɱԽ˷ܡ
ӦǾָӣֱǸȻϣԻŴ󲿷ˣЩη塣Ƕ޺֮ǡ
6һֱ3㣬ûֹͣ޵սߵ˶档
Ǿǰһɵһޱ֮ǰĶںڰУҲܿЩ鷢۾
ǵһʱҪࡣŶЩޣӦǾ
ӦǾԽЩޣڰĵط֪ͨԮ
ӳʶü˲٣ˣһ·ģȻղλӦүмֱ£Ż򶨣һ޶ͱ¶ˣ
ٶ޵ҲԶԸǽֻɨΪղһ·ӦǾпɣĶӳ˵һ㣬һСʱˣҪԮ
ӦǾƫͷ˵ĻظһΡ
ӳĿ⣬˲ɢֲͨѶʼϵǱߡ
ͨѶ˲Ż
ӳղԼ£Ȼһ亮Ǹ߼ָӵı£ܹ˵־
ǰҿ·ӦǾԵ۹ӵĵи߽Ⱥ
߽Ⱥ˫Sϵޡ
ӦǾһ仰û˵˸߽Ⱥ⣬ӦΪޡ
ϷһҪǻŵͼ
Щ޼ǣʮ˷ܣSµȫͳһǳ˻š
һ˲ǵĲͳһĿ£ͬһ֧ѵжȵľӡ
ӦǾûö͵صţ֪ɢǵоˣͬǵ˼άƵʿһϣֵٶȳͳһɱֵɱӡ
ڲٿˡ
ˣ**УӴ˿Ψһ뷨
֪ӦǾڿԼƫƫǻ˼״ӻԼģѾԼ֧䣬ӦǾ
˫ġ
ӦǾӣĿȴڸԶĺڰУǱ߸ܵһа
ƾǣһܶԸ
ɱ¾·ֹ޳ƬȥеҲڲɥʧ
ҡ
ǱҪԮǲȥ˶ã
ӦǾҪ˫Sϵ˾Ϲȥ
ɣ
и߽޳
̳˹ȥ
ӦǾĻԵ߲ԣзƵԤ⣬ʱ쵼Ըţ㷭ڱ˻

Զսһ˿ףܱ޵ʬѳɽ
ҲѾ˼ޣʱȺֿĸ߽óλá
˾ͽλϺϲѪָҶôȥ
ȱȺͼ޳ľҪԸ߽ޡ
档
ӦǾи߽޺󣬱װͷ޲ûг֡
аСʱˡ
ӦǾЩˣŤͷԵ**Уӵļ˵Сʱ
ٳŰСʱڵһƹ߳ʱ޻ͬˮȥǱϢ
һΣǰӼλ3s׵
ӭͷ֮ǰƵͬҺޣһ
ܿС֡
ӦǾԺ𣬻侲ĿԱߵļϡ
ǵڶսǱֵĸΪףȫûкµ
ͬʱӦǾø֪ź󷽾飬ȥΧޡ
һʱϷһγŸս
ˡ
ӦǾڶ棬Щ㱣ʲôƺʲôҲû
ϸȴֻԼ
ǾŤͷ
ӦǾĸ֪3s׵Ѿܸо߽޴ľ񹥻겻ѡ
ӦǾ¼ǿϷ
ԣ
˺󣡡
ӦǾǿпƾս״̬ΪˣԼĳɫ԰ףĿ³һѪ
ǰ˲ʱ˾ͽαܿеķޣɱץȥץס󳷡
ڻҹǵһƹʱϷߵͻȻݣȺֱݵȥ
ͷ·µжЩ߽Ӧûüһȥ
˾ͽûеͷŻǱ߳ˡ
ôͻȻݣǾǱͻȻʧȺЩãȻ
ײڵӦǾ̧ȥߵѪգֻǸղйԤС
ҹǻӣ޺棬ûκƵ
ָ˶Լƿأŷ·иһͻȻȥĵ棬ȫȻ
ûӦǾȫҪڴˡ
ûݵĵϣһȺޣǺӦǾ߸һ֣ͬʱˣǱ߻һ㡣
ǻס𣿡˾ͽʵ
ʱӦǾ̧ۿ棬ֿ̽аȻʧ
˾ͽͻȻӻڳڵŻ¡
һۼôң֫ҧ֮󣬾ȻܿҪ

ֺ޳ʧǹ˲̷ء
;֧ԮĶ顣
ǷҲˣԷȻõϢҲƵ
ģӦǾʵ
ָӡӦָǱߣ򡣡˵һ־Ӹһ˽ȥ
߽޵ԨӦǾܵͷޣҲûгֹ֧Ԯֻܻǻȥ
صӦǾûϢȥ˵ʵʱοҡ
ѾмλָӶ棬ոջӦվмλá
ͳһʱ䣬ĸ߷ֻ̮жϷûеľԱӦݿŵͼĿǰΪֹȥûдκϢҲû΢µ׺󣬱Զը١
ҪҪȥ
ȥֻӦݲΪȥ˻
ȥӦǾ
ŤͷĿӦݡ
ӦǾܸӦж
ʵ廯ϣȥΣҲ󡣡ӦݲͬؿӦǾΪʲôҪô³ç⣬ֻƽʧһ3sָӡ
ңûȥӦǾãһҪȥһۣʲô
ĳĬӦݴӦһҪ󣬱ȵڶʱӦǾȥСʱûзκζ

ˡվӦǾſڣס·ͻȻطͬʱݣضΡ
ȥӦǾ
Һһȥ꿴һ˱
ءӦǾܾ
ɫ𽥱ѿһָӣǻ׵͸һ㡣
ӦǾ̧ۣǳ3sָӣҳ£3s׵ͬס
ƿ꣬Žȥ
괹ͷվ⣬˫֪߬3sָжһҹʱʶˡ֮ǰһֱֻӦǾѣȴʼմӵ״̬
ӦݴӻӦǾϷߣ̮ĵطһ֡
վڸפһֱȵ١
ӦǾף̧Ԩȥ
ӦվڸŹĻĻǴӦǾϴŵͷġ
Ǵ΢ϼһɼĹ֣ȫʲô
ĸ߶ȡԱߵĻʦ
ĶӦǾ£ͷûըŷһ㡣
Ȼһ룬ͷٴըѣʧ
лҪ˵ǣ3s׵Ҫ3s׵ſԱ(._.)


143 
ͷըѵ˲, Ӧɫһ䣬ǿпƺԼ¶ԱߵļԱǲźŲã
Աҡͷǵ»ʺ, ͷỵ
ֻǾͷ⣬һ¡ǾƽķҹҼǿһ㡣
뿴ԶԨֻܵСʱȥ, ӦǾܲſȷûг¡
Ԩ֮£ӦǾŸոľͷ, ӽ·
ûл졣
ײڵӦǾܿһۣ漴ɿ, ֱȥ
Խ׹, һŸϢζԽŨء
ӦǾֻ̧壬ı׵״, ʹ³ԭɼ׵Ĺ, ¶Ŀ
㻨ȥһСʱ, ײ
ûκʬ壬ݵһ׹ĸ߽Ⱥδǵʬ塣
ӦǾվԨײͷϷ, ͷƻģ֮Ҫһ, Ϊ֪ϤϢ
Ϣڼϸ֪
ӦǾʵ廯ϣԨײ߶۲죬ûκ޵Ӱ
ΧһпѰĵݣΪ̫Ѱ, Բ졣
ӦǾ۾ͷų֪˲ԨײԱĸ֪ǣһּΪҰС
ɫ
Ԩײͱϲ˺ɫԣǺɫĳӡ
ӦǾ۾ٿԨͱϣȻ
ֻб۾ø֪ܡ
ֶ
ӦǾ޿ɱһɱ⡣
۾׼ø֪ȥЩɫӣƺܸܵ뷨ʼۼ
ӦǾĸ֪һӴЩɫӣ̱ڡǰߵԨѷÿһ綼ٵһɶ
ЩɫӲѳ˵ӦǾֻǷһ֪Ȼȥһ޷Ƶ
ЩɫӵϢ̫Ϥ
ӦǾվԨײã֪ЩʲôŲٿػȥ
Ԩ֮ϡ
ӦָӣѾСʱˣҪҪȥ
ϲȥӦݶԨѷ죬ȵʧǱ㶯ȥ
һ˿ʧԶ޵춯˶ڵӦ
ӦŲԶѷ죬ѵߡ
һתǾ㺰ˣ
ӦȻͷȻӦǾԨ֮ˡ
ѹסԼʵʲô
мͷֵޣѷ죬⼸ҶȥӦǾŵ**Уӵļˣǣ鷳š
ȻֻޣͶЩȥ㡣Ӧݵ
ءӦǾһ˴졣
Ӧݿһᣬͬ⡣

ǡ
ںͽԿѾܿԼʮ֮ڲƨɡ
ԲۣɡȡͷҪΪͣʦһƳˣȭԵƣС䣬
׷ſ񱼵ǽ
֣ʲôжʹóֱˡе㽾֮죬˭뵽ǰһAӴ3Sײôһʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ԼôС
ˡͣ⡣
ɵؿҲš
Ϊ˭һҪƤֱӴӻ⼸ںˮԿëࡣ
Ҳӻʦҽô
һ㡣ڵ
ҲţֻΡָͷ3
ܹ𣿡
ʦ٣̧ͦͷվͻɽԱߣʮֽ
Ա߻ɽͷЦ
ЦЦָˣ
Ƚʦһ뿪˾̱ڵϡ
в̫Уһ㷴ʦ̾ʲôʱܴܽʦ
ȡһȻһֱѵϣؿڣĻš
ҹˡɽϥǽ
ûôҹҰʱ˯ءۿѵ컨壬ҲûƳ
ʲôףûвϣ޳ҲĲˡŤͷ
޳ֵ̧ס۾̧һA׵õSס
ɽ뿴ɽڣȻҲǻʦҲ֪²̫ܡ
ûкͳɺ£ô˵
û˵˫ֳŵ棬Իǹģֻ׵ԭø֪ͻûи֪ᵽʻ׵ĸоΪʲôAܼʻSײ
˵е˼ԺֻףǻʱĴʦʱϼ㣬ţ׵ǿ
ص
ɽ룺Ԥһֻ̨ףʱȸǻҡ
ʱˣԤ٣Ҽ۸񷭱
аһڴӦ
ѵ꣬λʳߡ
ĸǵ˶ԴĦ˹Уֳ飬ʳô򷹣˶Уһ
ôôϲ㣿Լȣֿ˿еȣҡͷ̾
û취ֵ̫󡣡ڽӦɺӶ档
ȫǡӦɺ̧ͷܳһʱ䣬Ǵģ˺ϲ
ʱֻˮʽ͵ͦ
ǲʮǶʵ
ࡣӦɺ룬ɳһֱɵĸݵء
ǸУԷʱ䣬˵**УӲڣӶڸûУĦ˹ԷôǢ
϶ǰ꣬ȥѵ
ΣƽͨԺΪءǵһԱӼ״̬һֱ̫á
˵֪е𣬲ǱҽѾھʵڲָܻҪˡ
ҲҡͷԼôصˡ
ҿǰǶλطֱΪһ뿪ĻƽͨԺǼУѶУʦһѧ֡
ǰǺѶУʧѧֿѾˡͷڵһΣѶҲˡ
ֻ˵ÿУԼĿǣƽͨԺҪڵڶ̹ھԲŻðգȴû뵽ǰĴ󺮳
˷˱У˶࣬Ҫģûȱ˳Եȳꡣ
ߣѵˮ¼ѹү־
˶ص·Уӣʮֵš
ӣߵʳôſڣüͷһۡ
ʲôأߣѵȥ

ңһھųʲôӡФΪˬ
ԭĦ˹УȺˣ⼸ˡ
һǺˡ
ФͻȻһ٣ԼҲǺˡ
**Уȥ˻ҹǣ֪֮١ϰͨȻڵ
ǲȥҹǶƽ𣿡Ф졣
ϰͨͬϣûлĻ
ûҪǱȡѧֿڵҲڽ
ƽͨԺһ3sˣֻҪ»һ˫s׵лһλ¿ƽͨԺǱߵСƾأ
֪һˣҲùһûǱ˫sФϧһ˫sʺ˫sѧУãûȫԱ3s
£
ˡѧַ¿ӣǵĿõǰλ񡣡
ФǰҲֻõĦ˹УһԾΪţѶȴһ˫s׵˺ȡ
ܱ3sôҲ3sФż¡
£
ѧֺʾ⼪һߡ
ФŶվŤͷĿ䡣
ǿ
Ф˳Ŀ󿴣ƽͨԺǸ
ңе־

лҪ˵ФһĻˣܴ⡣


144 
ѷ·, ӦǾȥˣÿһζܷЩɫĳӣø֪ڡ
ֺɫӸвл, ȴ쳣򵥣ӦǾ
Щɫӣֻø֪֣һȥʱ, ӦǾʵԹܣװһСܺɫӡ
ԹʵģװһЩʵ, ʴѹ䡣
ʼΪЩɫӻᷴȻڳԹ˲γһź, ӱؽ, ֻ֪ԹԴתƺȫûй
Լӵ, ȫʧ, ʲôҲûм, ӦǾźЩ޹أʣµһܺɫӣԨµãɫȻûκηӦ, ֻԹڱڴתӦǾԼĸ֪ס֧ԹܣɫӳĻ, ŴԹȥ
Ӧָӣµ޴ˣӦǾӳʵ
ӦǾԹպãδǼ, ͷʾ
⼸죬Ԩ´ޡ**УӵӦݴߣȥķ߶
ӦǾȥ󣬱㽫ԹȡһźԹܷԼ䣬¶֧Ŵӷڳ
СʱӦݴӻ꼸һɱδȥ
Ԩµ޴ˣӦݵһ۱㷢ӦǾԹܣʲô
ֻҲˡӦǾͷһ㣬ҹǵĿ
˵⻰ʱӦǾĿɨӦԼԱߵĵ**Уӣһ֧װſԹܣȴûзȻԹеĺ
ѷͻסһ󲿷޵ĹԼԨѷΪߣµ˷棬ʱֿܵסޡӦûԹܵ£ֻǵ֮ȥǣ쿪ʼˣ⡣
á
Ӧһߣ**У˲иӦǾ
ôͻȻװһ֮ܿǰһҹʱδӦǾ־ٶʲôһ
ӦǾԹȫûʲôԨװġ
ԣΪԼġ
ӦǾǻصԼ䣬̧ԹܣǶ
ôһ˲䣬ӦǾΪԼĸ֪⣬ͷԹһźԼϤĸо˼١

ǡ
ٿػײˮеһ̨ףŻүвУǵġ
¶һͷռ˱ˣֻҪС
ˣмҪŸ˵꣬ץסţˮ
⺣ˮУ֣ԿŤתסԴѹ
ڻײڣˮȻһ١
ץסһ룬ȥ漴
վˮرߣ˻ᣬŴˮð
ϰˮ³үȥͱ˶ϣٷְٳ⡣
ӻڳ֪ˣ⼸ٶ
֮ǰڼ֮ҲûЩ⡣ԱһֱŵĻɽҪܴ̼ܲŲںЩ

ѵ֮󣬱׼ȥϢ·ϼ**Уߡ
**УʲôŤͷǡ
**УӸղŵſڡҲһͷڹȥӭǡ
ųȥĵ**УУӳԱôӻҹǻΪҪٴ죬ٱŹ
ҹͻȻ𣬳ѷ죬õסޣҲû̫ʱǱߡվԱ߽͵ˣҲϹսˣ֪ʲôı䡣
ߵſɽ
˻ڹҵӦɺӣĸ˱վǽߣŵ**У˹
**УӱӵŹӦǾǰ棬ĸüۼͬɷ
ȥ˼죬ôһһŵ**Уӵ֮ǰѧҲ
ĿӦǾͼϴת˶ǵڶȥҹǣǴʱ䳤һ²ͬν죬ȻսԼ껹Ӱ졣ӦǾȫ仯侲˭еġ
֧ԹװʲôɫĶңңȥ
˭ɽǱ߿ȥӦǾ䣬ǲ͸Թܣûж
ҲǵĶԻӦǾֵԹܣһΪǸ͸ʲôûеԹܡ
ԭɫäȷѹ֮ǰĻͿô󡣡
ǲɫäԼɫäϸȴ굲סߣվӦǾԱߣ˵ʲôǡõסԹܡ
**Уӵ˻˸Уעԭ**УӱУǿڻȥսʵսǵĸı䣬ҲȻУӿʼ
ҪˣαûʲôģȻʵǡż˵ǿۣҲûʲôָֻҪӮ˵**УС
ˣһֻҪ
ʦҪ𣿡ʡ
ҪʲôƳһۣûӦ
ƣʦ
׷ѵߣûܹھģһ˸ʲô

ýߵԱȽϺƣҪΪϴμУθǽٺı
վм䣬ʼˣθֵ˭ȥǩˡ
ҡɽ
ϣܳ鵽Ǵ˫ֺʮհ˰ݡ
ĿһֱͣӦǾǱܣϴûԹڵĶνųսĻᣬҪ׿
ǵ**УӵǼһֱվӦǾߣסĿ⡣
Ħ˹У
Ավǰһһ齱
ȥȥŻɽȥ
ϴμֻһУõΣУǰܷ㣬ָȳ顣Ա
ĿǰܻߵȻǵ**Уʮ֣ǴĦ˹Уõʮ֣ƽͨԺֻ֡ѶУڹõһεڶֻ֣һ֡
սĴΪĦ˹У**УƽͨԺѶУУ
У齱ʼնһˣ͵ӦǾ߳һһŲÿԿսǸطȫòֻҪӦǾ߹ȥܼŵԹܡ
ʲôԹܻԴ
Ա**УֺӦǾȻӶ߳Ŀת䣬ȵڻɽſ֧Թܡ
ȷʵǺɫûۻźɫһᣬͻȻԹڵĺɫڶ
һʱ𵱳ģռźͬĺɫֻܶдսܷǳӡ

ĿתʱӦǾͬһʱ䲶׽ĿϴתװͷʱֻԼԹܣΡ
Ӧɺ΢Сѣˡø綼˹
øԹܣװ˺ɫĳӡѹԼ˵
ͷɨĦ˹Уӵļ˽ֱͦͣͷӶȾͷƿӦɺӲſʣʲôҲûС
ŤͷϴˣӦǾӻҹװһܿûж췽ȥ
СӦǾԹܣǿڹģռ
ҲӦǾԹܿȥ͸ģʲôûУģյгҶһ飬ûɫĳӡ
Ȼɽս뼸һ򿪿ȴǰ쳣ôˣ
վһƴսµģڣ
ǣɵġѹȥ֮һźҷɹȫϸܵĳӣ֪ʲôƷ֣ûü֣ģվըˡ
üǶûУȱ֮˵
ɽһ֪żˣֽ̧ս嵥򿪡˿ѶǱߴɧ
ǴǵģιھҲһѶУġФս嵥ŵ
ԣѶ嵥ϿȥȻһǴȻǳˡ
ٿĦ˹Уеսֻ˵һ㡣
УУ**УеսûʲôõĶ
ӦǾ˼սϣָԹϣղˣȫһƺܿɫӡ
Уڻˣ߲֧Թϡ
ӦǾһȷԼû⣬ǹϢʵڣ˶֪
ŵ棬ܿԼĹͬǸ֪ȼ
ӦǾ˲ģǼ3sеʱѵڵģմϢжԳ3s
ֻ벻ףΪʲôǴԼģڣϴϢǹаͬ
ʱӦǾʶֻ֣ʿһ֮ͬǰڷҽԺҽҲΪܵǹϢ
ʱϵϢڻǷԼˣ˻þ
վڵ**УǰӦǾϢͷŸ֪ÿһϣͼҵ⣬Լˡ
ûκ쳣
Ħ˹Уļʱʱ
һѵҪȥˣġ
Ħ˹Уһ볡߽ȥ
һĦ˹УĶӭ洵Ǻ磬䣬˵⡣
򿪵ͼͷһյмһϣм·Թȥȫߺ·ʺǴĶ飬ͱߴ·󾭹һСκ·ܵյ㵺
·Ӧɺʵ
Ҫˡ̧ͷ
Ҫȣɽ
ҡͷߣȥԸޣ²
Ħ˹Уѡһͱʯ·Щ·ƽȣִССʯͷ߻Ǽʻߣߵòȡ
УӱһӵͣߵüΪ
ӣǰһͷУӳԱֵ£ԴĦ˹У˴ܴ󡣡ԱӦݵλãԱߵʱ̫ۡ
ЦЦûжԣĿڣδȥľУͷϡ
ǾУܲǿͨˣѵĦ˹У˰Сʱ󣬱Ӧʯ·
ûޡ̧ͷգʲôʱޣ
⸽ûޡ泶һѻſڵ
ǰ棬еģûŤͷ˵ºȻһſſĶִС
ĵü׸ߣһҽС
滹Ϊʲô£ͣ£䱸
һ̻Żɽ֡
վԭصһᣬǰһʯһߣ׺ӡ

̫ˣޣ龪һ
ɫ԰ף˫أŻɽȫ˺УӳԱô
涢ߣֻһߣߡ
ߣǻȺӳ֡УӵĶָӣҾӦҪϽߡ
һʱһ㡢ô֪Ⱥӣ
ˡֺ߻ףƻڲṹʱ˳ͨܵײգж⸽ǵأ½ءˮܼǵӰ
ޣȴ鷳
ץסɽֲţҷɵС
ɽԼ֣һš
Ҳ֪ߣע㶼ϣֻʶߵϢ
ٴ˵˵ǱѾкߴʯͷȺ֮͡
ôԽʲôԽʲôŻɽϷ֣棬취
ʲô취ȥҡͷʡŵԴ
ֱֳ
֮ǰһֱ˵Ħ˹Уû뵽ôԱƽͨԺЦôĵطֻһطߣƫƫϡʦΪл᲻Ϊַ޳֣
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ɽ
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ټֱӽ˱УӳԱǺ棬ǰܡ߿ͻȻһѷޣȼߣǶ࣬ͻ׵ϿնԸǡ
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Ӧɺӣԭ϶ܾԻʦĸѾģˡʦǸˣʲôӦõû㡣
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ò˵ЧǶһ磬ֱӻʯߡ
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ûʲô߽ޣֻǸ߿еķ࣬ߣĦ˹Ÿо֣߱ҲûʲôҪ˿ǰߡ
ûټߣ˰СʱɽҲУӵͻ׵ϴ󲿶ӡ
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𣿡Խָڵ**УѾǴ
ɽҡͷǰߡ
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˻ǡžͷĦ˹УˣʼǴҪ˷ʱѶп꣬;ľУߡ
ڴĦ˹УҲҪֵһ
лҪ˵ǣô죿һֱңҪҪȥ(._.)


145 
ڴĦ˹УСʱ, **Уű
ӦǾŶֱڸţҪǴ
ȻƽͨԺ˽ͬûߡ
ҲҪǴǾüվԭزƽͨԺ
ӦǾ·ʱ׿һ, ŵ**У뿪
ǲˣ˾ͽʵ
ˡӦǾ
ӳǴǿ𣬸ѧɫѿФһˡû㹻ʵ޷ֵԴһ統һ
ڴĦ˹У͵**Уȥ֮, ѧֱߵƽͨԺǱߡ
ǽǴ͸ǡѧֱӵ
·ʱɫ䣺Ҫ󡣡
ǴǿУ飬Ǵ͸ǣϵѧֵ, ޡ֡
·ʱʡ
ѧֵͷ
Уʹ˴ɺƽͨԺڽȥ֮, û뿪, ڡ
ǾΪƽͨԺҲҪǴǵѶУһߡ
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ֱֳ
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Ҷĵ**УӮϰԥ, ղżѶۣǸմӻҹǻŻ
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Ħ˹УǰٶȣӦɺӳңѶУѾˡ
ô˳濴ԶϵǴҪô**УˣҪôƽͨԺ֡
ǻˣǱߣһҾò̫С
**УǱԸԸǺˡǰߡ
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Ȼ֮ϵ˵ϵ֮ƾʵ
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ԶŵԴ̧ʾ˽ս״̬
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мͷ߽װ򽻸
ɽԸһͷܵע⣬ͷм䣬ʱʱ
һʼ˳ǲٿػײʯϣߵûȶͰսʱԾ䣬ʱڸֲͬʯϣССƽվĲȡ߽װץסᣬȥצѾֱºۼ
ɽſ򣬻鸡ʯ棬ٷȿաֱӣͻףɴÿһţʯƽȲɽһʱɣ鸡ʯ棬û취ֱ̤ƽʯֻ̫ÿһǰԼλá
ֱֳ
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е̾ôէһ˭Ҳ֪ŽӴײһʱ䣬޳»Ļס
žͷڵĿ**УǱߣвɸ̾컯Ūˡ3s޷ԼʵӵӦǾ޷֧Ӵĸ֪ӪȻãȴû취ӵһ̨ϵĳ3sס
ٳһ3sʦϳ3sףҲ֪жǷڵ߸ڵľ档

վڱ߽װսⱻ֫ѹƣڱӵȴ߽װ׼ֱɿÿλãۿĵҪϣһתֱӿһͷ֫
˿Ȼƽ߽װܣɵȴʱڶǣһ̽ࡣ
һʼʶ˱ܵļƲߣֻ˳ƶΪ
һͷܱ֫ͷУɽı䴩
ˮɷĴʯ̲ϣѪζ
Ħ˹Уնɱͷ3sޣ4ͷSޣ76ͷAޡ
лҪ˵ǣ(/أ)


146 
Ļһ, **Уȷ˴Ħ˹Уλãͬһʱ䣬Ҳոնɱޡ
, ˲䣬Ļ
棺ȻƽͨԺѶУˣʱͣһͣ
Ҫ͵**Уɽʵ
ײ濴ŵ**УǸ, Ǵ̫ǿƽͨԺѶУȥһڶǵġ
ͬʱ, ӦǾҲڼٳߡ
ʮӺ󣬵**УʹĦ˹Уϡ
Уһк, ʷ, 죬**УĦ˹У
ǻûʲô, ֱֳĹԼֱĹѾʼˡ
ʷ, **УȻԸʹĦ˹У˺, ǰȫƲ۴Ħ˹
˵׻ʵǿۡ
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ܹھʱѾ𽥱ɵ**УʹĦ˹УƽͨԺʼ˳ۡ

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ǴǿʱڼװϢڲ֮ء
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ôϣ֪ܳŶãܿ˿ʵ
ŵϴΪֹŤͷŴĦ˹Ķ飬ߡ
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ѾǵڼˣȫǵġФۺ쿴ƽͨԺͻ׵ȥԸޣҲˮˣôޡ
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Խһ.ǹȥֱֵ
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תԼ֣ƽͨԺǹȻһףֶ챻ˣҪ΢һˣ²ֹˣֱ顣
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ǫ顣ʮŵԽǵһһֵ˾Ǽꡣ
Ļʱһһͷֱֳ
**Уʦ̲סЦ˵ڳ˵ΣԭӦǾȺ¶ȥˣ˭Ҳûô⡣ƫƫôôӦĻš
ڻˣǴϵľУǷ޴ǽʼ䣬׷׺
ӦǾҲˣɴͷų֪ǽһѹ£֪Ѿпݽߵ֢״ӦǾͷŸ֪ʱѾľˣֻܳ3sôοԼ
ͬø֪ѹƺǽ
ۿɼԭĺǽѹȥˡ
ȵǽѹƵǴ֮ʱӦǾųظ֪ؿһƣдϤζǰһڣڵϣ־ҡ
ҲòȥֱϵӦɺۼֿһס
ǽ䣬ӵҲ׼صǴϡ
龪һԼؿڵ
ȴȻ̧ͷβȥ
һȻӴβ𣬿ʲôϸڸԼΣա
ӣ
ֻüһ䣬ǸȻβһ˦ֱӽǴ顣
٣ɿȥǴſβĶԱ뿪
УԱ꣬Ǵ׻ˣˮʱһãȻС
ɿˮû׾ٹǸȻǺɽ뿪
ڰҲֲĸУˡ
˶ɢûбǸȻˣųˮǰߣ˳ûзӦһ̨ס
Ħ˹Уߡɽͻ׵ǷڰУ
ɽǸڹȥ
ֱֳ
ڻûŴ죬һһģ̫ˣ˵Ҿ徣
û̾Уţƣ⡣
Ա͵µʦǾþĬ
Ľ£
ѶУʦֻǶ֮ıӦ
Ѿĵˮû¾ͺáȻ˵㡣
ǳ֮󣬴ȥݰݷ𡣡
ԽԽˡ
ˣУʱꡯȻѣԷͷϰ
;ˮޣΪղŵĺХЩκģҲû̫Ĺ
ϰʱеĺƲŽɢҲͣˡ
ɽϰ
ȫڣУˣ˳¡
˭ɽɻ»һ̨ס
֪Уӵ˭ʶͷ
ʱĺɢ
ͷϤޱȵĻƽ
ɽ
չһ˷ƽֱ̧ۣͷ˼ָ

ֱֳˣ
ֱĹҲסˡ

ʲô
ˣĦ˹УʲôֱӦǾƣһָӳֵʷǴµġ
ҿˣ**УָӵʱպôβˣվŵĹǾûӦ͵ˮˡ
Ħ˹УָҲ˰ɣǻʦסˡ
žͷڴĦ˹УһˣɫŹ֣û̫ˡ
ԱߴĦ˹Уʦɫ죬Ψ˷֮ɫ
е㵣ĴĦ˹Уӽ
㶼ûҡͷվ
ô֪ӻڳˮôڣ꣬ΪĸεУӳԱ̹ˡ
ɽڽʯ̲ϵĻףԿۣߵӦɺǱߣôˣ
ιȥˣǸ֪ĹȡӦɺӸհѽӻ
һɽҡͷͻ׵档
ڽʯϣӦɺӺ㿴ø硣
Ӧɺһʱ䣬ŰѻƽĻײǲ𿪡
ÿһζֱֳ֣ĵ**УʦľӦɺӰԴƸˡ
ӦɺӲͷ󺹣Ұø
½ʯ·ȥӦǾɫ԰ףͬڻС
֮ǰ⿴һӦǾԹܣȥֻи֪档
˶˹ȥи֪Թϣɼִ
˳Ӧɺӣø㿴š
Ӧɺӣ⡭̫ðɡ
ϧû˵ӦǾ·𱻳ÿ˶Լ¡
һߵ**УҲ˰ָӲˣãȻ״̬
ô᲻ˣվм䣬ʹǾԱߣǾأ
ǾɫѿҼָ£ԭҪȥָӣǵȷӦѾָӵӰ
ܺãٵһجģǴʱӦǾ˻ԡ
ºң˾ͽҲڸѰңʼûзӦǾӰ
**УվһƬʯ̲ϣ˳Ĭ쳣
̩ͻȻС᲻ڴĦ˹УǱߣ
˾ͽεһָӻˣĦ˹Уץסһָӳ֣ôõĻᣬ֣ôܣ
̩¼ȥһУֻܱṩһԶѡ
嵽ʲôطȥˡǾܻڻԣȻøָ֪ӡ
Ȼûй㲥ָ֤û¡˻ᣬҪǸϸյ㵺
꽩ְΣͬ˵ֻҪ㲥û𣬱ӦǾûг֡
Ǵ򷭹ȥޱʱעûָӵټ
ȫȻֱ֪䶼ں̩ԤԼҡ
лҪ˵ǣ§(._.)


148 
ڵ**УָӱĦ˹УĻ׵̵ԼϢȥ֮, Ħ˹Уֱһαˣ˶뿴Ħ˹У˻ô**Уָӡ
ˣΪʲôÿ, Ħ˹У˶µɧ
Ҫȥˣɵġ
ǻҺü
ٲ֣һӦǾѹ֮󣬸ָ֪, ˵ת档
԰ӦǾ֪Ŀ£Ħ˹Уֲû, ٲϽ־ˣĦ˹У֧ûᣡ
ֻҾǲҪֵ˼𣿼ԱӦǾ, Ħ˹УУӳԱҲԼ¡
ʵĦ˹УƷ, ǻ治ᶯ֣һ˵, Ӹ׽, ʱسɧ⡣
ֱ²ͬʱ, ֱֳԱһʱҲ֪Ħ˹Уһ
ǣĦ˹Уɧһθɧˡ
ǾôĦ˹У˻᲻ᶯ֣ϰʵǳġ
۴ķ, ǳκһУ, Լѡ֪֡ΪΣϰôһ˿ϣ
ϣĦ˹У˲֡
ɿžͷڴĦ˹УĶ飺ôѡûд
·ûг, αϣŴĦ˹У˼
Խ˴Լڣֱ䣬עȫڴĦ˹УǱߣЦһ˴Ħ˹⼸˲ӦǾ֡
Ī
ôõĻǰԿش**УǾȻ֡
Ǹֺ飬ȴҪˣ
ǵ֪֪ǿ˭ǻԲѵӦǾ


ˣڽʯϣŽۣˡ
ͷڻеΣҶû£
û£мԱˣҩûʲô¡ϸ͡
üѹôУָʲô£

ֱĹڡ
ЦָӾȻôͲԾ
Ҫ￪ʼأҶԱ˼ָӼ˻أ
ô죬Ȼûз۴ˣĦ˹Уɧġ
˵Ҫָ̿ӵı顣
˵ָӻ᲻ᶯ֣
˵ָԼĿָоӦòʲô硣

һСҰӦǾ˹
滳ԼûȫѹȻΪʲô˵ÿˣȴȫ˵ʲô
һ̧ͷٵǴˣһˣӦǾǶ
νú˵ÿһʣ󣺡
ԸԼûԽԽˡ
ĬκӦǾأ
ڻУղųɺιӪҺ
ӦǾѹϽ뿪ͷ۵ʲô˻ռӪҺˡ
ͷԼֵ֣ʱôͲʹӦǾ
ֱֳ**Уʦ淢²һͬʱҲζʲôʱǵ**Уǿָ䵽Ħ˹У˾
Ħ˹УʦϲûУʦеѿͽ²ѧһһΣ벻ǽܸʲô»
ЦǴĦ˹Уѧ
ֶƵʵﻹǸһֱؾĴĦ˹ˡ

ʹĦ˹УΪŹֵķΧͬУ鼫Ϊӡ
**УԲ˵ҲָӺǶ·ʧȥ˾ĹǱȥˣҲѹֻͳȥ
ѶУƽͨԺӱ꿪ʼһֱڴĦ˹У͵**Уĳֹ㲥
궼ɢˣֺڣȻûκһУĳֹ㲥
ǷֱĦ˹У͵**Уնɱ޵ĹĻȻǴˡ
ǵĶΪƽִյ㵺ФֻǷˡ
£û˳֡
ôı꣬ȻֻǴˣȻ£֪Уʵж¡
ФǸ˫sһֱΪѶӵĺȣڵ֪¿ܽ3sģˡ
˲Ǻ£Фʣܱȴûá
ˣרĸ·ѧֹ˼ȥ
ڴĦ˹Уյ㵺**УڶƽͨԺȻϵѶУǰ档
ѧн꣬ФûӵĴ٣ˡ

ģʽ档
ȵһۣŵҪȿȻɽ֮ʯ̲ߡ
յ㵺Ա
̯ͼҪһκ·յ㵺ƻи߼ޣ3sаࡣȥ̫򵥡
ӦǾûѹŤͷһɽͻˣ̵ˣ㿴š
˰ɣǳɺøءʶܾ
Ӧɺ̵ø磬ϵͦԶס㿴ţһĻʦָӣס
ۣô죿һҲˣս
涪һ䣺Լ취
Ӽ࿴˿ɽת뿪ѧ飬žܡ
ɺӡ
ӦɺҲ̧Ⱦܡ

鶼ʼ٣׼ˣߵӦǾԱߣѹһ
ӦǾ޷Ӧڵϡ
ɴ
ɺڸסһᣬתһӦǾʱһڡ
Ӧɺӻ׵ķԻ½Ҫʱע⡣
ӦɺӸԼĻףӦǾУеӦɺһӦǾߣڳ֡
ǰź֮󣬲Ŷ뿪
ʯ̲·ߣ·ͬߣոѹûã֪ѾɺԣȫֻܿŶԱƴ
ֻǶݵһ·ȴԵ쳣
űʱƣУƣС
ֱֳ
ƽͨԺڱһ·ƽͨԺǸֱͷ˵**У
ϰ̧ۿȥƲԡ
״̬ͬ**УʧȥָӣѾ͵㡣ƽͨԺʧȥǿĵȴѪԡ·üЦЦ**Уǿʵ١
ɿУֱͷж·˵ĻͬõľǴĦ˹У
ʱƣȥΪ󣬱ܿ˾ף޲ûпʲô⣬УëѾֳΡ໥ʧȥǸ˺󣬶㴦һãȻ״̬
۴Ħ˹УǴ飬ָԺжͻ׵ͬһʱУͬӳԱһƶСͻ׵βУӳԱ뿪ӵĻʦֻһ£סָӻףͬӷơ
ϰǰ£·ָӻڡ
ҹǡ
Ӧæߵ£صϢʱ򿪵**Уֱ䣬ԭҪڵһۿȥûӦǾ
ΪͷûĵӦǾԵصһᣬһһȥˣ鶼һ飬ûмӦǾ
ӦһΪʲô£ӦǾ֣򿪳
ڴ򿪳˲䣬Ӧݻʲô⣬ŵӦǾһ3sָӳ֡
һȻֽϵƽͨԺԽˡ
Ƿʲô
Ӧüͷ꣬ûмӦǾ֡
ô£
ӦֱӲֱֳͨԱͨѶʲô
ǸӦָԱµġ
ʲôֱ˵Ӧȥ
ԱĨĨͷĺӦӦǾĦ˹Уˡ
Ӧס˵ʲô
ǸȥĦ˹Уֱ֪ˡԱ˭ԤķչأһʱĽ͵
ӦݡžؽͨѶرգ򿪴Ħ˹Уֱ䣬һᣬȻӦǾ

鷢չͷԣʹӦһ3sָӡ
Ӧֱֻܽһģͷ𣬵ȿУֶԸǽʱʶͷޣǴͻȻ飬˳żװ廬ȥӦǾͻףŭΧЩ˶ģȻûһ˻סָӡ
ΨһһУܱӦǾǱ߱ȥ˴ˡ
֮ӦǾûڵ**Уֱͷڳ֡
ӦݽĿڴĦ˹УǱߣ֯ϰԽ**Уıֲ
ͷµĻƽ
ӦݶŴĦ˹Уֱķչ
ӦΪԼḻʲôۼʲôܱ侲һĻȴʧˡ
ʲôչ
ֱӽԼУ͵ԷУ
Ӧݳ³һ̧ఴ̫ѨĦ˹У˶ӦǾֱˣ޷Ǳ
ƫƫƫƫûж֡
Ħ˹Уһӱ㽫Լˡ
Ӧû˼ȥ˳ֱ䣬Ϣ
ȻѾʹĦ˹У˴Ϊ˼ۣһ⣬Ħ˹УһС
̲Ħ˹У£ˣǴ˺ʮꡣ
ֻҪĦ˹Уӻڣʮ꣬У̲¡

ӦɺӴøԼףڻײڣ͸Ӵһһ⿴Ŷսȫûע⵽ԱӦǾ۾
ӦǾ۾һӦȥԼԹܣɫ֮ǰ״̬֪š
ΧӦǾԼڻڣԱӦɺλϣѷӦɺӵĻײڡ
ֻǵԼǽɢȥ󣬱㿪ʼУȫһƬڰУʲôҲ֪
ӦǾ˳Ӵ⿴ȥںսûκε**У˵Ӱ
Ǻ͵**У˷ֿˣӦǾӦɺӡ
ӦɺſӼսʱ̹עǻ׵ڻصֿˣҲҹָӶء
𣿡ӦǾ
ɲǣҪ̹ø硭ӦɺȻתͷø磡㡢ˣ
ʵ˵ӦɺеӦǾܱյĿռ䣬ֻ˵¡
ӦǾ̧ۣллǾҡ
Ӧɺæ֣ŵһ԰Լﻰ˵ҵ£Ǵʱֻע⵽档ģøȻ˾͸Ͻߣ˵˷ǵӪҺ
˵꣬ӦɺӾͱˣ˵еֱ̫ӡ
ɱޣұȥӦǾ˵꣬˼ؿеѪ˳
ԱߵӦɺӿԽţæֱڷӪҺֽø磬ȲӪҺˡ
һӦǾѪ㲻ӦǾڲϵӡ
3sָܻڣȫƾӦǾԼ־š
ӦǾֽӹֽӪҺͷѪʱԹڵĺɫʼٷȻŵ3sѪ
ԼϵѪһһøɾжֺɫɱ¡
λϵӦɺëܲݹȥֽӪҺøҪɱɣøҲˡ
ӦɺĳӦǾƳȥһۣͷ֪Щʲô
Ⱥ**Уˣȷʵ̫С
ӦǾӪҺͷ£Ӧɺӣ**Уĸ򣿡
ǺһϡӦɺԥһᣬƽͨԺ˳**У
лҪ˵ֱطŵǣԭô(._.)


149 
˵Ǿ仰ʱ, ӦɺΪø᲻ˣʲôӦǾ侲, Ĳǵ**У
ӦǾڻλϣ͸Ӵ·Ļʦ
ʦûжйרѵһᣬӦǾͻȻʵ
Ӧɺûг, ֿ漰⣬ش
ûĻشӦǾҲ, ӵһڣյĺܿ, ֻһҪע⡣
ӦɺӲԾø˵
սʱ, ˻ޣ, ΪʱӦǾīɫս
ڽʱ, һδ֪ᷭӿ, Ϊ3sֻֿܣδ֪ɱ߿3sְ𣬽ѹȥ
Ӧɺһ㶣֪սʱ档
Ӵȥ, ÿһζܶ˺ӦɺŤͷø磺ø, ܿˡ
ӦǾûлظ

սһĦ˹У㿪ʼ٣ȥһԴ
ӦɺӴӻײڳ, ɽɫԣʣôˣ
Ӧɺһָָ󷽻ײգӦǾ
ˡ
ֻһʱֶѣоȥˡ
ӦɺӷӦǾԶԶţʼԡ
ΪʲôͬӦɺӾôøӶˣ°˼
ΪͷĿ֮ؿ˿
ӦǾջ֣߹˵ͷ߱ϣлл
û£ǵ÷ӪҺ
ֱ䡣
ô£⣿
ôҲôһʰɣֻӪҺ
аҪҾͰӦǾǾˣӴ˵**УָӱɴĦ˹Уˡ
˰ɣӦǾȥ֮󣬽ȥģ
뿴ӦǾӡ

ڵĻ۵ʱǱ߶һԴĽˣԶԶΧһ˶һͷ׹ӦǾˡ
ˣϽȥǾУˡ
ӦǾҿ߲ˡ
棺ʲô˼
֪ûȫָʻ˻סӦǾԼ㱩¶ɫƽ·˵һȻ
棺ҪȻԼ֣
ӦǾȭס˿ȵ**УԴĶ֮һĦ˹Уϣܴһȥյ㵺
ըˣյ㵺⣬һյ㵺ֻö֮һԴɻڶԣǵյ㵽ָѾָ˸֪ʱֱӰЩȫˣھ͸㣿
ԴĶ֮һһαԴһ롣ӦǾѹס⣬ùھҸָ֪԰ǡ
ҪֻǴһȥ涢ʡ
ӦǾҡͷڶһǰ֮󣬰µ**У졣
˼Ƭ̣Ӧһء
ɢļˣͷʼվǳԿˣ**Уƽ׼˵ڶ
ɵˣһԱʯϣС²ۡ
ɵˡӦǾǱƳȥһۣɫûӡһֱǲ԰׵ɫ
ɸֵں˵ģ˶ڲˣ
ģɵˣҲǺá
ҲţһȫӦǾƻˡǱߵӦǾôø֪ġ
㣬ҹûпʲôǴ̾˿ʵ
һŬ룺ûУʲô㣿Ҳ̫ҿ˺öຣݡ
ȥյ㵺һκ·ֶô죿ʵ
˼
ˣĦ˹УҲһܶԸͲˡӦǾƾĸ֪Ħ˹УԱ
ӦǾ֮ͨ󣬶ʱǰһ
һָҡҡȷе˵ǣ˫á
ԭˡ
ӦǾѹ󣬴Ħ˹УڵķΧøˡ
˵ӦǾʮֲ룬ֱ뻢ڣʱضܵвָӣʱѾĵˡ
ûУһŻԱΧŴĦ˹Уӣʮ硣
Ħ˹УУӳԱǣѾĴָǿδǿָӣʣţ
ڽʯ̲ͣ͵פ׼ټǰ
ڲԶǳϣʱʱƣڶӦǾԹܡ
һֵĺɫȥˡ
Ϊ3sָӵӦǾôԵĿⶼδ֣Ҳûʸ񱻳Ϊδǿָӡ
Թܣһ㣬ڲĿƵͣԼʱӦǾ»ȷܿźɫ
ȱȥҪ̸һ̸¡
ƽͨԺһֱ׷ϡӦǾԱһκ·ĶûаǸ֮ǰ
ҪʲôӦǾûаѻ˵󻰷һת֣ƽͨԺȥɹ
Ҳõŵͳ֧3sӪҺӸӦǾûг3sӪҺȽ͡
ӦǾͷм֧ӪҺԷֱӪҺеĺûСʱȵӪҺֻǿܣȴ޷˵еԭ
һߣ**У
ڻûйָӵĹ㲥˾ͽνеķˤܲЩûзָӡ
УڵָҲûкָӵĸ֪κιǾ
żߵļִ꣬ϵƽͨԺǰ棬ָӲ뿴ΨһԾǡ
ִ̧򿪻֣ʱӦվߣһºǽ
⼸УҪֻվӦǾԱ߻š
ҲʼγɵıܣԪҪסӦǾһ춯ֱնɱദ꣬ѾӦǾԼ׵ֵܣͬ㡣
ٺҲáջ֣ڽУôǷȥǲⶪָӣѹھˡ
ͬ˵˾ͽεھǱá
ͷŽʯһ̧ͷߡ
ֱֳ·ŵ**Уľͷҡҡͷ
ûӦǾ**УһƼܡ**УʧȥָӺ統ʱ˵һ·ǰ⡣ƫƫɢˣͷҲ񣬾ھУʱʱܵȥˡڿЩˣ׷׷ƽͨԺ⡣
ӦǾǱߵϾһκʹĦ˹Уǿܱסڶ
ڲŷֵ**УˣûӦǾʲôҲǡ·
ϰ쵹ôΪҪɳζԵ**УҲһνѵҲõͷѧϰԺıкô

ΪҪͱƽͨԺ룬Ħ˹У·ٶȺܿ죬ִｸʯ̲Ҫһκ·
УӳԱУͬһķĶƣѸ뺣ͻͬˮΪ߿մ̫3sޣһȥΧֻˮ
ӦǾ֪Ѿָһ֣ԼʻԼĻס
氲ŵӦǾԱߣһѹƵ˼˺Чá
ˮ󣬴Ħ˹Уǰ˵ľĶߵ˼£Ϊ̫ˣһβС㶼ûУ·ʲôΣҲûС
ûи֪ʲôԱߵӦǾ
ӦǾ͸Ӵ֪ǿ֮ǰɳĮڳĵ˫ͷߣӦҡ
㲻ǳ3sָӣ϶ǿ
šӦǾ˵Ҳе
Ѿн֮һ·̣ûʲôޡ
ǻǰʱӦǾסǲڼǰˡ
޹ˣʵ
ӦǾͷΣյޣǴҲƹȥ
濴һᣬѡӦǾҲƹȥ
˱Ÿ߶Ⱦ裬СĿǰǵ͹Ӵ
׿ʼζʱͷΣյ¶Ŀֱӽһκ·֮ƵҲͽȻ޹
⡭֮ǰϮǴĶѵ𾪵
ϣζƬͷֶɽͷֲֺޣ
ӦɺӿȻз̫ţ̫ˣ㣬ֻһ۾Ƶ϶Թȥ
䣬ͻȻͷȻ忪ʼϵĺ屻䣬ȻĦ˹У˱ͷȻ۾
һԣԣһȦ
ˣ
⿪ѻүתˡ
ӦɺӣĲǹģղǷֻǻڳƶϣ˭֪޲泤
ǲġİοѻ顣
һ룬Ȼһζһ㣬ʮֵĴ˳
ˣ
Źۿֱˣ
ǰ˵ĳ𣿣ү޲÷Լ졣
ɽñ졣
ҿʱһӡӦǾ
һ룿үûס
ӦǾÿһ϶ӡÿһֶ൱һ3sޡ
һʮĸ֣Ըһ룬ʣ߸ѾĬĬҲĴֻ֣3s׵
ʣµУӳԱϣֻܶԸһ֣һ
ӦǾԶԸ޳೬3sס
һ
ӦǾתͷȥͷȻҺͽٶԸһ֡
˷ãֱӳȥ
ЩֹȻӦǾ˵ӡ
жȻʮֱ沼˿΢ϣ㱻סֻǿײѡ
һѣĻ̱ϵĿ룬顣
˼״вһûлͷ·ֻӲͷƤϡ
˿ƽͨԺһߵĽʯֻ̲ٶȹһƬʯܹһκ·յ㵺
лҪ˵Ҹоұ˺


150 
Խ˳ֺ, ƽͨԺһֱſ
ǰ**Уи3sָӣƽͨԺǶڵš, Ծп֮ΪԽˣܹ͵۹˫֮һļ꿹⡣
ڣԽȴĦ˹У, ȫܽܡ
ƴյ㵺ϣ**Уߵʯ̲
Ǵֱ, ܹܿһκ·ִյ㵺·ʱ׿󷽣**Уڼ, Ҫϵյ㡣
߹ʯ̲ʱ, ʼûйشĦ˹УĹĻ͹㲥
·ʱײ²Ħ˹УѾһκ·Ѿյ㵺ĸ߽ޡ
ֻҪ뵽Ħ˹УпõĹھ, ·ʱױͬİ, ƽͨԺһμٸ·
޷ֹĦ˹Уõһ, ҲƱҪһƤΪ֮ǰ¸ۡ

Ħ˹Уˮºʹַսȫ֪ƽͨԺġ
ͷȻֱյ㵺ΧˣÿһԶԴʮ, ϲĿ, ҿڻС빥Ŀꡣ
Щϲ⻬¬ĵһȥȱס, ų˻Щĸ빥
ɽıܾ׼д֣רŶ׼ֵĿ䣬Ϊʲôܿıֱ˶Դ
棬Ѿܿɽļʵڶ㲻ڵСסٶ̫죬ָס֮󣬻ѡؼЩֿ֮ɽıЧֻһ㡣
ʮδӴֿϣλԼĵǱ߱ӦǾͽø֪뾲ֹ״̬Ĵ֣ĽָӺãǻ׵ȥѪȷ䡣
ҪԸ֣ûֵѡذױޡ
ʻ޳м䣬γذףһ˦ӱˡ
վм䣬˫ַֿӱޣסֺԼֱײһ
ͬһʱ䣬³˫ذ׳Ȼ°ȥذ״̽°Уתγֵ׼ն֡
ֻǰⴥ̫򵥣ڲиʴҺڱϣذױޱڶϣѳֱӳ
Ҫ㿪ֳִ֣ؼǻܾɲ״ʵʵ

Ħ˹У׵ʧܣУӡ
ֱֳ󲿷ֹڵ߶ڴĦ˹УľͷϣϾǲյ㵺˼ҵ**Уָӣѵ**УĴ˿˹ȥ
յ㵺ȻҼǵ췽ܿƬ򡣡·žͷڵս״죬Ϊͷޣ췽ôȥģ
߿·ϰҴӽȥ졣
ֳĬĬڵĴĦ˹УĬ롣
Уͷһô3sг3sѶȲ˵ȥϰһڸϵ춯ԽԽ࣬ѧöĥĥ
ĥûʶȡ·ҡͷ¾ǽѵҪѧãһܼ
췽аšϰֻ˵һ䣬㲻ٶԡ
ֶ񼫺޷ƣ췽ڸѾŲپԱԷⷢ

£ذױޣҪٴεĹܡ
ӦǾܲ΢֪һ㣿ܱ߳ǱߵӦǾ
ԲˣҲָӣأ
ֳһʽ棺𣿡
Сֱ˵Ҫǿԣһʼ˵Լԡ

ӦǾ֪άԭķΧҲܣԼ
ֻڹ
ϵ۵ε˫ֽա
ֱֳ
Ҫս·ⲻǵѡ񣬴ֿܷڳʴҺʱһƱرʴж󡣡
ĻǼĢҺûôױʴԱߵ
ҵˡ·Цȷʵ
Աֳֽ˲Ȼûɴѻ׽ס
µִӿͷųĸʴҺ˳Ÿ븲ʱ˶ˣ֪ʲô㣬ԼЦ
Ҫ˵Ĳ֪ܿƽͨԺѾƽһκ·һˮƱִܷĦ˹ĶʱƽͨԺ롭
ˮ¡
űסӴȫӣֽסͼÿ޳
޴ѹ͸״ڶˡ
εֱ߿ʼϴֵĸ룬ûмŴǽ˫֣εϸ󣬾ŸĿֱͱ˽ȥи
Ǹܵʹ˵ĿѹҪϽȥεͬʱдĸʴҺ³
ϧȻֽȥˣҪסεӿֱи˫תŵ˦һȦһͷϡ
ֵӷֲϣһ顣
ʱӦǾȻ

Ըһδ֣Ӱ첢
ܲô࣬һδֺѸƿϵĸ룬ֱһϣһֵĹ
϶ʱ̧ͷȻû۾Щܲһֱ׼ǡ
ʹֶزصģʽÿһζȻһ㣬һʱЩƺͼ񹥻
סһᡣԱ߻ɽ
ԼһֵĴ֣˵ĻֱӻȥԼΪնҪٸһ֡
ϧЩȫֻ·֪Ǹв

ϣŻγֻҪٶȹ죬ֲ⡣
ӦǾһγԺС
·֪꣬ܲٶȿԽԼٶޣ
ӦǾƺ뷨
֮ǰڼҼˡ
ӦǾø֪ǣŴ֣һǴһҪӳʱڼʵֻǴȴƽƽȲϼꡣ
Ȼû
˿˿ҲԮΧĦ˹ĶԱҲ׷ΪԱ׵ȼߣʵǿҲֻǺʹ뽩ֶѣУӳԱǵȼͣȫԼĻУлṥ֡
ЩǰսУӳԱǣײڵȻ𵱳ڴĦ˹УһܾʱٳЩѧѧǳĬʱı飬Ǹ޵ѧ˵һδĦ˹Уվս̨ϡ
ֻʣôһ·ôҲ꣬յ㵺´Ħ˹졣
üȴƽ
ϰҽ¥
ҽԺ·Ļʿѡ
ݵͷȥ漴Լķ䣬򿪹ԣ㿪ͼ
ʵʱݡ
ڻڲʸߡ
̴򿪴Ħ˹Уֱ䣬Ȼս
ˮ£εһ˦ջʹúϵ֮䡣
գգ۾оղӰ
˻ԭأֱͷ⣿
׼ˣٿһ飬ͻȻˮ޴ĴֶѳΡ
ݣ
лҪ˵ҽüһ飿


151 
ֱֳĹں;һ, ֻǰһٶһԭλ, Ϊ˴ֶѳκ˲ŷӦղȷʵˡ
⶯, ˡ
·ûסָ̧žͷŤͷٶȶ㲻ʽ
и֮, أ
˳һҪú, ƽʱǲڰϻ
ĿΣ, ѵΪ˵˾û״̬ȶ
ǿɻûڸ֪ʼջS
ڣ֪Լʦ, , ҵһ˿ڼ״̬, ֪ɢ޳ԼеֵȻһ壬Ķٶȿ쵽˼, ڴδӦʱնϳ, û˹
ֵûٹעѵĴ̧֣ͷȻϰ۾˵һҪסʣµĴ, ԼԾȥϰ˫ֽյ̽һֻ۾ڡ
ͷȻʼдֶڷջأҪȥԸȻܵв
ã
ʹʽסԼߵĴ֣۾үû۾ֻô񡣡
š˫ŵϰֵֻ۾ɫѪںˮӣȻ𶯣лζĸоƫƫûκµżΪ졣תƵһߣͬķ޵һֻ۾
˹ˡӦǾȻڣҲˡ
תͷȥƽͨԺĶ飺
ƽͨԺ̫ˡ
ǡӦǾʹĦ˹УָӲԸֵ˺о죬˳
ƽͨԺ˼ӦǾͬ𾪣ǽһκ·ʱ**Уں棬ӦǾô
·ʱ3sָһʱ䶼ûУڸʲôɧѵĦ˹У͵**У֣ĵ**Уֻǻӣ
üͷ壬ŴĦ˹һˣһ˲䲻̫Ҷ֣Уڸ
ˣǴ꣬һյ㵺治ɫҪȻҲ
Խֵɣ·ʱбԽɣټԱվŵӦǾľѾߵ
˿ƽͨԺֱĵĻѾˡ
·ʱ壡ʱûˣ
׼ĺ°Ħ˹УԸͷ޴ޣǸϽԾȥǵ
ֱ֣ʱ·ʱ׵Ӵ󣬺ӦǾ͸óȥˣĹھ˵ƽͨԺġ
ϾվǱߵӦǾѲȥ롣
ǻᣬպŭͷȻԲŹĦ˹УЩˣƽͨԺʧȥԽˣлõھ
Խ˼һĻֽסŵĳ.ǹĦ˹УһʧˣûԤϵƽͨԺô죬·ôѶԸ
ϣûȥ·ʱף֪·ʱʲôѡҪֻܹ̫ȥ޵۾ƽͨԺҲõᡣ
Խӿһɿ⣬ʹô˹ھλãʲôҲǡ

·ʱĿӦǾͽ֮תת㽫ڱ󷢿ȻӦǾ˳ȥҪܴĦ˹Уˡ
**УıթǸ濴㲻ġ
ߵڣĿǶڡ·ʱ׶Ȼܰ׳֣УȫڣҲҪȥ
ƽͨԺԣ׼һԾͷȻ
˹治һ໰·ʱ׷ɣƫƫںˡ
ڴĦ˹У˷סˣûа취ѿȥסƽͨԺ·
괥ֵ۾ѾϲˡӦǾԭ侲ӣ·ʲôҲ仯׷ȥü
棺ô׷
УǱѾ쿸סˣƵǱȥٵͷ޵۾
ҺԸͷޣ׷ȥӦǾ
һָ֪ˣ
ûСӦǾ̧۳Ǳ߿ȥȻղնֻ֣Ҫӳͬʵ⡣
еԥˣ˲֪֪ǳ3s
ӦǾ¶Ըͷޣȥ׷ƽͨԺвУ
һˣ
ٿƽͨԺȻ˻Ծʼǰơ
ײڣ·ȸԼֽţУǸϽߣ
ֱֳ
ӲСղֻնֶѾȻһ˳šѧôߣ·Լ󣬲Ҫȥϰ죬ϰнΪأ
ϰԭû뷢ԣ·ֱֳôڣֲòأֻܵӦǾ˵ԡѾ̫ˣУܳϣԽԽױ
ϰнƺһ¡·ЦЦӦǾǵ**Уָӣʱ˺ٺҲûСƽͨԺõһλڴĦ˹Уڡ
Ħ˹У˴õһλֱܿ׷ϵ**У
㵱Ħ˹Уָû£ɶһ䣬ӦǾ˺ٺˡ
£̨ϵԱҼǵǰھУʱйһΣôڸгһ
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Уʦ
ʱǸùעЩǾУĹھ챻ˣһۿҪΣУڹעԱ֮İ

Ħ˹Уӽ˲䳷ߣЩسȻ޼
ˣԼŬһ䡣

ͬʱһˣƫƫӦǾֻѹԭȵĴֲ䶯ʣµȫܣֻܿԼӿòͷȻעֻԼϣȥŴĦ˹Уͨ
һλȥһֻ۾ͷȻﳹױŭںˮзӶһб̨״ӱ汻סһָ߸߾𣬴ͷѾɼͷֱֱ̹Ҫ̨״̴
ǿסʼնãѿȫûжӦǾæǲǲУ
ӦǾ޲͸һ˿Լ޹ţҲС
Ӯˣ۹֮
Ǹִ̹˲䣬ֵؿڻסҪִȻŭػֵϣ͸𵽻ڡ
ûѪһѪ
˵ӦǾԼĿôһ3sָӣȻô档˴һ𡣡·ⲻҡͷԼƵЩҲſֻ·һ
ϰҲüžͷڱΧ޳ӦǾǵһκУ̫ԻˣʵڲǻΥŵԵˡ
ֱ䡣
ղŵĴأһ½ǣ
֮ԱΪУΪϡ٣һֱʹľͲдˡ
Ҿ·˵ûӦǾԼǱѹƵĴַſû˻ֵأҲֲֹͬѹ

ײӦǾʼձΧü΢壬󽫸֪һգǰбѹƵĴ֣˽һԳǸȥ
лҪ˵ǣţҲ(._.)


152 
ԭʮ, նӦǾһ֣ʮȫһˡ
ּѹشؼʱ̵ӣ
Ǹ, Ҹ֪Ųȥˡ
ԼԼӦǾľʲô3sָӣһ˾Ͳ̫, ͷÿԼ
ҽҡ
һ߿ֱͷһ߿Źϼ¼ݣ, ʮָӡ
նʱֱ쭸, 漴Ȼֹ, ٻ䣬ָһƽĺ, ֱǴûгֹڡֿʼ, Ƴɾʮ쭸ߡ
ݣַǷ, ͷһؼʶ
һѹĳףסʱȫûһŲ谭, ڵð
дĲһ˲ͣͣһ, ʮžס޳ʼֻܼһ޴ļڲͣŤ޳
ײڣӦǾȻ̧, ƺӦʲô͸ӴǱ߿ȥ
ʮֻŬսҪأȻסֵγε
ˡ
ԣǼˣڵ⡣
ٿ޳ѳŵһεֳͷȻȥ
ͷƺ˾޴Σգ忪ʼתƣҪһߴֹֻˡ
εҺ򻮹޵۾ÿһֻ۾û©ͫȫ׻ˣεֻصС
ֱľͷϸӦǾȴܼÿһȫһûΪǰܵᡣ
ζһм
ͷ޳ʹҪȥԼ۾ȴûа취ʮȫѾѣʧȥӣڵĸҲ޷
廹תҪ壬Ҫһ
еζ΢侲һ£ŤͷȥӦǾٳӹȥ
ֱֳ
·һĻ˷ܣֱҪӦǾ3sָӶӵ೬3sף֪˭ơ
ֱĹҲǵĻ÷

޳ܵ۹֮ǣ
ҶӦǾѾڵӦûø֪ػȥ
û뵽**УָҲôҪΥŵԣ˵һԸ֣ԼȴſЩ֡
ҺǿĦ˹УҪһսָӣ̫ˡ
֮ǰĦ˹У˾Ӧֱ֣ڷ߷ҧһڣ֮ǰôϲӦǾϹۡ
ӦǾǳ3sָӣһӮ
һֱ˻׼ӦǾҲû
ϣҲǹȥӦǾǲһסƽǰڡ
ֱֳˣ
ֱڣ
˵õĴأ
㲻նɱͷޣԵֺܶԴӦǾ㱻ܣ侲Ȼڹڿе㻬
ɱʲôɱ򲻹һ䣬һλǴĦ˹Уġ
ƽͨԺ͸ϹȥĴĦ˹УУʵûֶ̫ȣ׵ֻȥơ
ɵ˲ż⣬ͷȻﳹתµĴֺ۾
ӦǾǰϣҪ׷ϴĦ˹У
ֱֳ
˿Ŀȫ˵**Уֱͷϡ
Ħ˹У̫ˣƺһֱΪ¡·ղȻ٩٩̸ƽͨԺĶȥˣںò׷ͷһ룬ָ**УŪһ·
Ħ˹УʦѾֹˮľˡ
ͷȻһ룬ʼתҪһת˵ó׵ǱһƬ򣬸պþǵ**УҪϵĺ·
ʱ**УֱѴ֮ܵǵ
˿˶֪Ŭ׷Ħ˹УĶ顣
**У뺣֮󣬼ϵĴֹ֣ɫѿ
Ħ˹УѾϵˣ˾ͽοصĴֹ֣лңǵ**УϸǰһֱǵһλѾҪʧȥ˵һλ
㲥δǼٸϹȥ
ںٳֻǰߡ
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Ӽûгˣ˺۶һΪҲ˵һġ
ߣת˾ͽκȻ

Сʱ֮Уͬһʱǵ˶סˡ
ƫƫУ֪飬**Уǵߵ·и߽ޣֻͣԸЩޡ
Ħ˹У׷ƽͨԺ
ڣ·ʱɨĦ˹УˣҪ򣿡
΢΢һЦ©ûôףõһλȴǾУϹȥ
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㲥ʱУסˡ
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153 
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Ҫȥյƽ̨ʲô, ŵ**УĶϸϣߵһ㱻߿нķϵ˺סˡ
ˣ춼ˣϽ, ȥڡδȫſվһλԱŴȺ˵, **Уˡ
ԼӳԱ
ֱ䡣
һĻϽ, Щ֮³ʲô
Աڸʲô, Ϊʲôȥ
ԱǴĦ˹У
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ʱҲȥˡ
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ԱƮƮһ䣺ڴĦ˹УǼܷء
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ӵ뾾ŹԱԱæޣûʱ䡣
Աһ䣺һʱҲ, е㸴ӡϾͳȥˣǳȥӦǾԼֱطŶС
ŹԱ뿪ıӰ**Уˣ
ʮǰ
յ㵺תŰӦǾѣ˵õԴҪˡ
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ʱֱͷ󴫳һɻʲô
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ӦǾĬ֮ǰһֱǵ**УϿյķˣϰˡ
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154 
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156 
еĻɫ״, ûޡ䵱ʱȻײ, ˱Ѫ
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157 
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ǸУͼϻ, Ҫʱ춯ֽԾǱϣӵĳԱҪʶϡ˵ɫҲе, ֮ǰȽӴʡԺ󵽾ʱҪʱ䡣
˻࿴˿һʱûʶϴʲô
һ˼ǴһʼУԱסѵҪһ𡣡
˰ɣУһѵ춼ͱʶǰĽ澫׼һţĿŤܵͬʹࡣ
΢ЦͦõģǿѧϰУӵơ
ǵҲᱻ˿
ǵͬᱩ¶λʦѵʦҲҪָ
ͷУʦָǣΪֹЩʦ̵ģϿ⣬һŲ˽ѵΡ
ǰһѵˣ
ϣģѵûôɡ
쿪Ὺ賿һҾȥ˵£˯ˡżˣúһ棬ʦҪΪѵ׼
ǰʦõھѧУûʲôʾ
ƳһۣҪʲôʾ
ҲûʲôǳԶٷزװģ̾һزˣҲûôǮ
򿪹ԣֱתһǮУıʾúѵ滹иıʾ
ͷԵʾûʦôǮ
ʮǱң
ԳԺȺȹóһʱˡ
ˣϽߡ
ͷϰߣӹǣͻȻվס
ͼ˶һۣܣ
һϰܡ
ΪҪǮûȥתżܿıӰʧЦ
üͷδɣƶűʲô˼оֵֹġ
ֱŻ㲻Ծͷɵֵֹ²ֵ£οĦ˹УѾһѴͷ
߰ɡҡͷ

˳ŴСˣͻȻһ㡣
ѵǸᡣűһһȴӶʮ˿ʼųʱû⡣
ȻѹָղŽţǵһ̽Сƾء
֮ǰ⣬ƽͨԺԶûо󣿡ɽ
볡죺ûע⣬Ӧûʲôرġ
ⶢӦǾȥˡԱƵ
Ƴȥǿ֧Թܡ
ڴϣپУЩ˹Ҳ׼ȥѵţʱ䡣
ߵһزĵ꣬ܲʼģĸƤʦ
ӦɺԭվſڣȻڽżһڹ̨󣺡ҿƽͨԺˣСƾؾ
Ǹȥʡ
ȥȻأ淴
Ȼúÿûֵĵط
ֲ̽ǡ
ȥԡ
͵͵˳ȥǰǮˣϰʼĵ3212ǡ
·ߵ̯ǰš
ⲻǴĦ˹Уڸʲôأ
һʮ·ʱФͻȻǰƽͨԺӳԱȫͷ
ֻܷ׷ֱ˳
ϣģҵģѶʲô£תͷФ˫ֱۣǼǹھķɣ
ң͵͵ķɣФʼյòѵƴĦ˹Уˡ
ô죬͵͵Ҳǹھء΢Ц
Фھбôܹھ
˹õܹھҪ𣿡
ФȻţܹھƾʲôҪҹ
ѧǰһڣˣߡղФǾ仰һ˵ŴĦ˹Уܹڡ
Ф
ǰƽͨԺ·ڵѶУӴתڵȻԵϣһ䣬ҶǷ羰ʳǰ˽һ𡣡
⻰˵У˶ţϾĦ˹У⼸ˣÿһϵҪȥ䡣
ФȻеĶղѶָӸѧִڸϹһȦ̸û£Ŀ췳ˡ
䶼ˣҪ˵
һѻ𣺡λҲ֪Уѵʵ˵ףԺҵ֮ǻпܺѵ÷ż٣һ棿
˻ûФǰ˵еֲǱ
ѶУԱҲ֪˭ۿڵһͱ˦˶⣬ڶˣ
ڶǰǼ£վФԱߡ
μӹ콱ʽ㱻ѶУʦȥԼ飬ʾȷʵ3s
˫s3sзڼµϣҲϻ鿪賿ԭ֮һ
ȻУ˷˽㹻֤֮޽ݴ
޵ĲҪô˳Ҫôǿֻʱ⡣
Ϊо½ԭ򣬴ѵȫ۶ȥˣǱߵʵҽҲ˹һϵеĲԡ
Ǵȥģ˳ƽͨԺǱȥ滹Ѷӡ
Խֽס.ǹĿⶢŽ汳һܣʱ̼
˶̧ۼԽˣƿߣںСƾϣӼɫżֲ԰ףƺûȫָ
һᣬҲûãûʲôԾĵط
·ʱû뵽Ħ˹˻ˣҪƤ
Ҵλȥ䣬иط˵ǰס꣬ǵž㡣˵ʱƽͨԺļ
УĶһʦȳĦ˹УɣƽͨԺɼһֽ֧ġ**УɹסɳǵҶȥУ
ѶУϽֱġ
һ˴ͻϵͳϵлʦƳͻףԭ֮ϡȵ춨ͻ׵ĻϽֱһͻסͻ۷壬׵ͬˮƽ֮£ʻͻ׵ĵԾɸռơ
ĸһֱ𾴵Ļʦһѹͬʱ׵ָӵķͷ
·ʱףǱ׼ȥ
ƽͨԺĽУ߹ʾӣƽͨԺÿУһΡ
УӾôһǼȹʾȥ
ں棬ô
ҡҡͷ
ȹʾĺԶרŵ·Уһͬһ۹
һȥɴһڡ
**УУȫ档
лҪ˵Ŷ:-D


158 
۹һɰ, Уռķ֮һ
Χԭ׼ȥȹʾӹ۹οǣ͵͵ЩľУѾ˷ܵιȥ, ׷óգ·ѡ
һСƵʼѸ
Ϊûʲôرģǻؼҵıؾ֮·
ƵУԵǶ׼Լ, תͷתӷͷߵβͷȥ, һ·ˣ
ûʲôر𣿡
һľУ, ȫӵģ˵ʵ, ˾÷ɣ
Ͻͨ˾÷Ҫвģ, ȥ
ʲô, , ѶУĦ˹УƽͨԺе**УУݣ֪ҾͲ۶ΣȥǺˡ
ǲѵΪʲôȫ, ûĻǵĹ۹
ƽͨԺÿ쵽Ƕȥȹʾ, ڴĦ˹У˵ÿһϵҪһ䣬֮ǰǶӰУҲ֪Ϊʲô
У, У۷׷
ƵˣӦҪ󣬿ֱͨĽͷ׼ϵľУǡ
۹Ħ˹У˷ɢֱѶƽͨԺڣڼ֮ǰ¡
ɽ˸ѧֵλӣ·ʱ׼ԼСƾұߣȣִλ˼λӣСƾߣִڻӰλ
Ǹʲô·ʱײ㱻ת
λûд·ָӵ֡ԱָָǣָӺָһǵ͵
ФΪλӵ֮һԥӦɺԱ¡
ң˭˭
ҪҪ𣿣˷.jpg
Ħ˹У̫˰ɣ
ϧ**УѾˣȻ˵ܼĦ˹У⼸ǵλӣò˵Ħ˹ç
ִСƾصλȣɫƤѥЬ׼һ߻»ζ˸кˡ
Сƾޱ鳯漴ջĿ⣬ǰ棬ǰŵ˻ǴĦ˹Уˡ
̧֣ˡ
СƾתһߣѶУмĻɽִͬк

ФŶˣĦ˹ˣһˡȥԸҪˣҪƤ
ƫƫĦ˹Уû
Ϊ˱һ£ҲԱߵĻӰ˵һˡ
ʲôˣֱӴ
첻аĳˣھȻһȥ棿
ӰתͷһۣǴĦ˹У
ȣȵ磬Ҳʵһ֣û취ҪʵǿҲͲˣ˵ǲǣ硣
Ӱһ㣺Ҳ硣
㲻Ǳɽ£磬ѣҲӦúһ硣ıΣ磬Ҳ𼵶ɽãķſ㣬ϡ
Ӱ
һͷɽҲ˼£ò˵ܽˣ
ФҵԼڵĻᣬ͸ŵ⣺Ѿ3sѶУȫԱ3sҲǶڵӾУֻ
ȫȻԼж಻Ը3s׵
ԭû룬Фôһ£ЦǺǣȫԱ3sܶڣҲûƽͨԺùһιھ
ƽͨԺˣ
ԽƳ㲻ܶڣԸҲ׾١
۸ǵ֪˭һ֡
Խ˽ס.ǹ֪͸ǹѾпѵļ
ڳβӦǾȻ֣֪Խǹڵأϣ侲һ㣬ǹ۹
̼Ȼ֪Ǵ⽣ŵķΧֻصζУһ𡣡
GĦ˹УԱô£ȫ˱
ûֵ**УӦǾҲˣ
ôǵû˹
֣Ķ˱
˳ӦǾǱ߿ȥԭ䵭ӣ·ʲôҲûˣûкʹĦ˹Уҹ̸ġ
·ʱ׶Խ˵
÷£һñˡ
Ҳֻ⼸У˴ڣƽͨԺ˲ó
ǸƢ̫áŤͷСƾ׽ҾƢͦõġ
ô۲ʲôûо
Ҫ˵󡭡ղſӦǾٻͷСƾأȷʵе㡣
СƾѾ۾ɮ붨Ļ
⣬ԭҲֻҪ۲ûֱӾܷʲô
ʲô̧۳ɽǱ߿ȥϼµĿ⡣
ղżڿʵϣֹһˣФһλϵԱɽҲڿ
ʮȻƿĿ⣬ûٿ
һĿҪʲôֻղӦǾ˵ģʱֹļԹϡ
ֻ˵ϣУҪԸѡ
ĿĵؼȹʾѵִλÿʹƷ³
У³ƳĦ˹УˣӦǾôˣ
һ㷢ˣֻûйʣӦǾϲ˶¹̫࣬Ħ˹Уһˮıûס˳
ӦǾ⿪ɴذ׻ˡ
ĵѪüɴá
³ûСƾƿӦǾ⿪ɴ˲䣬Ǳ߼쿴һۡ
ӦǾѪԺɫм
˿ͽһţ΢΢˶ѹ⡣
лҪ˵ǣû˹(._.)


159 
ȹʾһƬм, ΧһȦΧС
УӳԱ˹۹󣬸·ƹһΧǽ, ߵſڣһȵĵ
һףһĸӣ̷䳤, ϴЦһ߰ǵĿǰΪֹȻĿռ۵, װлʦҪĹߡ
˵ǼȻŵʱԼġĺԵ
վڼȵǰϸ˿ͦɡ
Ժҳ, ҲԼŪһִ, 룬ٸһ
أɽϢվ˹
תͷ㲻֪Լүķ磿
ԴĻɽ
ûϵ, ҡĻɽ, ۡ
Ħ˹УվԺӦɺ, Ǻ
ĸͷӦɺһźӰ
ˡӦɺӵͷԼɹ
ͻɽȳ˹ȥĵƬһͽֻܼԱߵԱ߿
Ƭվм, ǰǼȵĵִ, ˳Ҳתͷžͷɽͽվ΢ƫһ㣬ڻɽϣһתͷվűȥƽͨԺϲ̫, лɢվŸУˣѶУФվڽǰһм۶ߡӦǾҲˣֻһͷҵıӰ
ҲóգյĦ˹У˴һƬӣ߹ȥҪҪƬ
ҪҪԼ
Ǽһºѣʵ
һĹԣʲôѣӵĹԿֱӸմͣͶС
һ㶣ͷƬ
յת־ͷȺȻ̧ͷռܲܰļţ
áһʱģû뵽Ϊ๤ˡ
˿ʼΧżȵĵתתȥա
Ħ˹У˾ڵǰposeУѾÿλӣվԱΧۡ
ֱڻɽϣȥӦɺӵͷ߽棬ǰ棬ֳ޿
ңǴĦ˹ľУһ㶼أФƲҲˣĸĦ˹Уա
ֵʲôʲô⡣վԱ߲䲻ȵ
ȻǸôãôһģФӵ˵𾢡
ԱɽкɽԣͳһߵǰʴĦ˹УˣҪҪһա
ȻԡմԴźۼԼ֣Ǳߵĸ˺ָӣҪҪһ
ҪʹĦ˹УգȻҲҪ뾵ΧһȦĿ׼Ф
ҸʲôФû
õܣһ¡ΧУ˱˵кܶûôФܣͬҵˡ
ʲôõܡФѾҪţ˸Ӵŵķ֧
ֻһնѣ治𣿡תͷ
治𣡡ФֽӹλӣʹĦ˹Уա
֪ղžͲˡ
վãʲô濿һФţȻҵһȤУ˶ָӣԭָӱôˬ
ҪҪһ𣿡ƽͨԺ˵ÿһλ
Ħ˹Уһ̿Ŷʮ飬кƽͨԺ˹ɽѾʼӰˣøĶ·ʱ״к
ƽͨԺ˻ûж
״ŤͷԵ**УǱӦǾӦָӣһһš
ӦǾ̧ĳ˹**УԥһᣬҲ˹ȥ
**УѾˣƽͨԺǱɶɴһֱҪͼȵӰļ·ʱֻŤͷȥԽˡ
ԽҲ˹͵**Уֿվߡ
ФˣżѶ
ҲһվкԱѶУ˹Աߵο·գФҲ
Уȫվһο·˰æһźӰУվμУӳԱڵʮֽӲ
յοͺһǿһ㣬֫ɡ
ǻλӡӺ󷽼˳ǰ棺ҾCλ
ФһˣоˣôôĦ˹Уȣ
Ҳӱ߽Ƕǰ棬ͼ
ɽƽͨԺǱߣҪͻӰһ𣬲ʾҪվһա
ȥǰФһԼȥͼк˵ĽѾá˹ȥߡ
ԭӦǾͼվһ𣬱˳ԱƣƵСƾߣ˵Ĳźۼ¶˳
Уλóױˣ֪ʲôʱҲվСƾصһߣкԵ
СƾػǱֳĬȴûתһ顣
վ𣿡յο·ʡ
ٵȵȡĦ˹У˴ˣЩ˲Աߵվһֿʼλá
𣿡
ˡ
ʮˣϻŲͬѵվһûôӲЦõ˾ǴĦ˹Уļˡ
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ƬĺúУɢ·ˣô
ȹȥҪƬͶ͸Уˡ
ͷǵȺѾƬ㿪һʱȥСƾأվԼӦǾм䣬ޱ飬ϸܷӦǾȥ
ſãҪջĿ⣬ŷԼվŵǼ£վԼСƾرмλã˽ţ̧ͷžͷǳЦ
翴Ƭʮڣֻһ˵ĹԹشţڰգһ̧ͷܿ
У˻ĿƳֹ֮IDȴݵĹԸеһ˿档
ŴƬĶһ˶ӦǾ˰죬ԱͬŴСƾرԶӡ
ȺڵIDȫʧˣȫ͸ϷȺڡ
δСȻǰ
һʱ䣬Уˣ֪ø̾ű˼ָӿ죬ǴĦ˹УӵĲҪ
һʾѹԹ
һعԣУ˷׷ƿĿ⣬룬׹
Ƭ꣬Уٴλָμ״̬ſڽȥ֮󣬱ֿιۡ
ȹȥȥǱ߿ӦǾ͵**У߹һȣָżȹʾӵ¥
һȥתͷ˿˵
أҹȥҪȥ¥㶫ӦǾܾ
üһ˳ȥ⣺ָӡ
3sָӡӦǾ
껹˵ʲôӦǾٴδϣҲʧء
Ҳ˼ֻһǰĹҵ㡣
ӦǾͷת뿪
**УվԭذΡ
ָӣһ㡣˾ͽԥ
Ȼ͵Цһû˽
ӦǾ۹˫֮һ˵ĵ۹֮ǣ˼ֻ˿˿һ档
ȥҡڵ

ӦǾ¥ΧתһȦ߽ȥ
ڷŵǼԼռ飬־޴ֵܱӣͷҲܣȫ顣Ѿвο棬ֻ˲Щ飬ֻܹۿա
ӦǾ¥һ߱ģ˿ûв˿˵ûв˭
СҲء֪ĴڳֱִСƾصļϣԵ
ʱǰӦǾѾǡ
СƾƲͷԼϵ֣鶯һ£漴˦֣һȥ
лҪ˵ǣǷ(._.)


160 
ǾУأСƾߵһ, תͷǰӦǾ
ǰ湤ҡӦǾĿСƾǱƹǲ⣿
ҲȥˡΧ飬ֱǸͼ, ʲô鶼УԼĹԣװգղŹģ
ֻȷһ㡣ӦǾ
ŻܿƺԼ, ߡѾȷСƾ⣬ߣȻתͷӦǾ, üջ̫󡣡
ô˵, ӦǾ侲Գ, û¶κַܵ顣
ǽڲűɫȾܵʱڵǼʱ, ų֮ǰѾȾһнںɫܸȾ˵ǰ¡
ӦǾȻԺ, ʶšü
Ĺ, û**ӦǾã͵
ԼϵĹԣ
¥һĴ꣬ӦǾԭ֮һҲ׼ȥĴ꣬˳Źۿر, תһ㡣
ӦǾ߽ŤͷҪһ, ڵĹͲ࣬ϻмȹʾӵƬɫͲͬѡ
Ҫңվ棬ʵ
ɣ
Ϊ֮ǰ3212ǵµǸӦǾ
һԾͲ, ԼǮǴĦ˹˳Զٷ
߽һɫԣҪ**ܡ
Ա΢ЦģйԶܡʱû**ܵĹ类̭ˡ
ṋ̃ԵɵԱںԼ
Ǳң
ԭʮǴֻҪʮءԱ΢ЦǿͻĿȺΪľУӦĹҲҪͨڵĶ࣬Ҫʮ𲽡ٿʮ꣬ʮ꣡
ֱ˵ǷѾУԩͷ
ԱסλžУѵôôۣУһˢգ۾ġ
Gҡͼּۻۡ
ԱҡͷĴأ۵ġ
˶٣ԱߵӦǾλ۹˫֮һʶ𣿡
Ա˷۾ŽӦǾȻˣе֪ͣ
üӦǾգգ۾תͷԵԱǺӰǩԾҡ
ԱͷŤС˵һ仰
û̫ΰ˳ɿˣ־ų̀ϵĹԡ
Աץס̧֣ͷ۵У۹֮ˣҲֻʮϰһ̵ֱһԭˡ

Ȼ۹֮ǶУ
ͷԼʮĹҲ᲻á
һʮ򣬵̨ײŶ٣УǮǮ
Ĵϰ߶ܹˣȻˣһɧۣ
֮㹻øһ˶

ϰ壬ˡԱСѡ
ŶŶһ顣ϰ嵱ٺһ飬ɧۣ
ɧۣãԾ
ϰնѰɫĹִӹ̨ͬɫԣƵԱӦǾǰһһ
Աϰ壬˵Ҫнڲ٣Ϊɫ
ûϰͷؿ˴֣ɧۣܺӰ𣿡
ų۹֮ɫԼɹ˾Ĺԣһһ
ϰϲ̵غӰȫںԱվŵӦǾæ֣˵׼Ժңڵſڡ
Һöûշ˹˹ˣȥģĦ˹Уһܶڣϰ˷ܵ
˵Ķԣܹھһǡ
ȫųĵԱӦǾվһԣԱСʣܺӰ𣿡
۹֮ǣӦǾòܾҪԭ򡣡
Աϰ岻ˣ
ϰһҳͲûݣӦǾߣŷֿ
ԣˡϰ彫ɫԵݸ
ӹӸӦǾˡ
ӦǾͷڵĹԣ֪ʲô
ϰ壬лˡ֣ǵÿǱ
ķɣɧ棡ϰ壬һһͱġ
ӦǾ˳ų뿪ͬʱһ˵һ̨¹ԡ
ͷԼ¹ԣϢȫȥ**ܣٵԱ˿ݡ
ǼӸͨѶȫ̧꣬ͷӦǾø֪תתȥ
ӦǾ֣򿪹Ե**棬ԼͨѶš
ɨһۣͷ롣
˼ϺѺӦǾԼĽ棬˵һϢСƾһֱںǡ
ûлͷǸϢǾУڹңҴȥ´αһ˳
˭֪ɫᷢʲô仯̲ߡ
ӦǾãڼһҵ˵Ѫ
šüϢô飿
ôˡ
ӦǾҽڣԱɡ
˹ԣӦǾվһȥ
ǼȹʾĿ㣬꣬ƹ׵ĺۼĻ׹ָ塣
ԭӦɺһȥңƽͨԺǱһˣ˳һֱҵ¥ߡ
һȥĦ˹УǱߴչȥӦɺԱ߻վУĻʦ
ҲֻдĦ˹ˣǻʦһװģ񿴵öһ
ͻɽÿһλãˢˢǽϵĻָ壬
ΪʱʦݣĦ˹У⼸ָ߿Դˡ
ӦǾʱ**УҲһʱע⵽ˡ
ͻע⵽ԱߵֱӳĦ˹УȥҲѿһ·߹ġ
лҪ˵ͨѶ𣿼ˣ֣


161 
ԭӦҺͻҹϵҪ, Ӧҵָڵ**УʱڣҵĻ׵ߵӦǾΪʧ, Ԫ±㽫ӦǾߣ»ֻΪӵһԱ˾ͽͬһλá
ӦǾһָθУһ󲮽, ôദӦǾ׽ֵܡ
ӦǾ־룬Ҳֻý, ֻû뵽ᷢ⣬Ħ˹УЩ˾ˡ
֪ǲǴ, оӦǾʹĦ˹У֮䡭·кȻһ˿Ĭ
ղŷǺʹĦ˹У߽, ˵֮ǰûнȫš
ͻһ, Ȼ׶Էʲô, ֻǲȥӦǾ֤
ӦǾʲô뷨, ιۼȵĹҡ
ȹڻвٻײϣУĻʦвûжأǸȤĻǼȵĻָ壬, óʱȶЩҲӣ򲻻ô, һֱڡ
˼⣬УĻʦǶüΪԣϾУĽѧص㲻̵ͬĻһͻΪ, ͻΪ
οһֻͼʣв˴ԼСմմʦϣԼӽҲܳΪһ״ʦ

Уʦһ֪ͨҹõѵֿʼУڲ顣
ͽʦһһ磬ȥԷʱʳУʦǣΧе㲻ͬ
һʼҲûзϣҹſҪѵչ˵Ҳ
ܿ죬ÿУʦԷʱҪԵʱʽô£ȫڿԡ֪ģΪʲôҪ¡
ͷҲ򿪹ԣȵţһȥһ⣺УӺӰ
ʲôУӶûʼѵĺӰ
㿪ţȻ濴˼վһƬԾУֿվġ
ڿӣԽ⿪**ת˴յһ𡣡ûͱ죬һա
Ծôߣ֪Ҫѵ׺ùϵ
սſ˰죬ָƬĦ˹Уļ˵˳ǸĹ㿴⼸Цö࿪ġ
˵꣬е̾׿ЩѧһȺ꣬ԭӦôģ档
ȥ˼ȹʾӡ·Ȼ˶϶Բͬο͵ֱƵ
֮ǰģûȵȥǵ㿪ֱһƵڹۿڶ࣬ʳʦȻҲڿЩ
ǿʲôأֱͷĴĦ˹Уˡ
Уڹڣ̧գĴתƣֻдĦ˹У˸Ӧɺӣһżȵָ塣
ҡͷϹ壬濴ˣ׵ö
ҲǸʲôϷࡣĿھͷתһȦӦǾϣôҲ˱
һۣ㲻Сӹѧ˼ӦǾ
ϸ룬˵þȻ߰˷ֵҲֻܽĶ˱
ͷڣӦɺһָǰĦ˹Уĸϣ˫ֱҲ˫ֽ汧ؿڵģ֮ĸ˿ޱ档
Ա߿ָŽŤͷǿ˺ð죬Ȼ޷ʲô
ӦɺһȦһˡ
ôˣһֲͬ
ղ¥ġӣÿ𣿾Ǳҡ
¥Ǳ߲ĴꣿôˣӦɺŤͷʵ
£˿ȣ̧°ͣϰҷ˿һһλ۹֮Ƕò
һһɽԵһҡ
ûˣӦǾ֡
ţӦǾΪʲôǮ𣿡
㶣ʱϰѹƵǰҾ͸ˡ
Ħ˹Уĸ˶дʡ
˵ǳԷ㡣
ģôһ㣬ϵ
ɽ¹ûιܣ
Уԭʮ򡣡ϵĹԣϧһҪõʮꡣ
ˣ
ȹʾӲСǹڹҹ䶼һСʱڼּСƾǱߴգ꺮ů
ԽɫһֱûкùΪڹԼ
һȦУҲ׼ȥ緹ʾڱһ۸񲻷ƣ󲿷οͻȥԡ
У˴ι꣬ȻٳȥȫҲߡ
ФͻȻһĿдŶϤ͵⣺֮ǰ˲ӦǾƽͨԺСƾأϲȻҲ֪һ㡣
Ħ˹Уˣ
һĬȻԼĿڣͷû뵽㷢ˣϲһ˹Ȼزס
Уˣ
**УļѾΪһΪֵˣȻ
Сƾ3sڼУǶ̥
ͷǰʦںһ׸ˡ
֮һСƾޱ鿴˿Ϊ·˵˲Լ
еð𣺡ǴĦ˹У̫֣鷳Ѷǹܺöɵӡ
ΪеФӦ˰죬׹˵Լһɵӣôϲ㣿
·ʱף
ҪʲôԼ㡣ӦǾڿλӣŤͷԴĦ˹
һȥ£˵õġ
ֵ**УһãȻ𾪡
ӦǾѾòԱƴɳУһԡ
ָʲô˼˾ͽεʻ
ûлأֱ˹ȥ
ֻҲŹȥ¡
ָӣ㵱ʱ̸ĽףֻԴһ룬ǾܾӦǾвˡ
ָƽ׵˹ԣٷôˣһߵˣһ߶ԹǾͬǻʦССģΪ𣿡
 Ǿסĳ嶯
ϣͷȺϢӦɺӷƬոڿָʱ򣬶
Ⱥ۵Ļȡ
ַһмƣҿе졣
ɺӴʦûʲôرģӦǻ׵ļ粿ƣ󲿷ͻ̥ڼȵԭڿƣܿϤ
ַǵǡΪУ˭ͻá
ɺӴʦӰԭĻ׺ͻӦò£ǻһʦƳģڻӰм֣ơ
ַʵǿ
ɺӴʦ֮ûô󣬻׵ʵҪʦ˫ޣӦø˽⡣
ַҶԻȽϸȤһһܡ
ӦɺӿȺϢЦһظΪԼȤ
ЦӦǾ̧ɨõܺ͵ͷڷϢܿƿĿ⡣
ַûжٱ֣֮ǰնɱɳʱͦ˼
ϢԱѾʼϲˣ˹ԣӣȻԺһĻ֪ԼΪʲôָǲˡ
лҪ˵Фһ˫ڷֵ۾˶޴ķ:D


162 
ںڳĻ, ʱעȫֽŴɫĹؽڻ粿ƵĽṹͼȵָ
, ĻױͻףղӦɺ˵Ŀǰܶͻ϶ܼƵӰĻʦsĻ׽ṹõAϡ
㣬Ϥĸоͷ, ·ֽṹĻ
лʦеоƬҲֻûСФְӶ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥַѶУһ
ײһоƬܴСФ, һһٵ
ԴɶȨһֱڵͳ״̬, Ҳһҹ֮
ФƲ죺, ǿôȫʦڿഫ
У˻ڽп֮, ˼ѾƮԶ, оƬֺ, ڳǹϤдӶ
Ǻڳ̨ףɵĹҼ
¼ƵĿγ̣һ߽һ߸ԼģָϹڼ粿ṹǲ, ɵʱĻ׼粿
ʱעڽʲôµĶҲֻһۡ
ΪͻʦĴʼ, ӹоӦͻףּ粿ͻϡ

ƴУӳԱ˿̷׷׿ŷ, ſӣڿѾܳһʱˣ񱻱˶һ㡣
ԱӦɺûӦ˼Żع
**У˿жĪʲô˼
¼ʼвˣԱߴĦ˹УҲ·ʲôҲûʣж
ڹʲôֻҪԼΣεľǱˡ
֪ͨˡԵһ룬ѵ
˷׷״򿪹ԣȻ˶յһ췽ʼ
֪ͨ;Уʦֹ󣬴տʼоУӽԿʼμѵڴڼ䣬úͱУʦκο˽εѵΪѵڼ䣬ϸУɲѵһΡ
֪ͨ󣬸У׵˼Ծ򶷣ǿԱˣ
ɽ֪ͨһ䣬ʽ棺һΣѵ
ǵ˵ͷ漴ҡͷܶǰľУڽйʱνѵֱҪȥսԲ
ڱƻƽûкɫĻ
Ħ˹У˳Ĭ֪ͨǵһ£ǲڱƲҪѵУ
ˣФڶĦ˹УƣһѵǾûôĺˣֵ¼¡
һ̲˵;Ťͷ費ҪҰ㰴Ħ
Фң˭˭һƣѵܱܡ
Դ֪ͨܵмϣ̧ͷܲµ˭һļ꣬һڵԽˡ
˭ںһĳԷ۹֮ͣúú޶һë
֪֪ͨͨڴĦ˹УԱҪɷ⻹ѵġ
һͷԵĴĦ˹У**У˳ӦǾ⣬ʳ֪ζ
֮ǰӦǾվԱ߸ǮǾӦɺߣѧУϱǶ
ӦɺӿСѧͬѧһ֪ԽߣһӪıȽϴԳԵҲͶ࣬£ҲѹƲԼʵ
ʵѹƲסɷʵ
Ǿ͸λεıӡ
ӦҾǲһԱߣԣôǮˢһ㶼գۣǮá
֮ǰҲ
ôһѾѧϰڼԼƷ¡˵ȻǼôǮұ֤ӦǾ˵Ҫһӵ˭ϲ
ɽվں棬ʵһӳΪ
˿ͦãҿԺһ׹
ԱߵӦǾĵ**У˾ͲûѶĦ˹У˵ЩûĻȻõھ
ӦǾ˺󣬱͵**УһȥУͬȥ꼾ȹʾӡ
ȥĵطǼȵĲղңһᣬ˵ڼǰͬģõʽȫͶάޱ
ʾӶ͸һɵ͵򵥣ȴݻϢ濴ż򵥣õĲȴõġղҵĵذ壬˵õĶϺõ޹ϴĥɡ˵Ժˣֱ˿һذȥάʾصġ
ΪЩڼǰԸõģСûó˵ȴʵУȴ㹻Ტۣ̫԰ݳޡ
ô󣡡һȥûˣԱߵͨοͻҪ̾
֮ȫֱ֮࣬ǻʦãУĻʦǼˣ˼ĲϣȤ
װ£ԽӿڣɵĽѧγУȥ¿һǿ粿׵ĽṹԲҵȤ
ǰߣ֪ǲΪһֱǸṹеϵӰӶǸṹӡ
Ӱӣ
Ųһ٣ĿŵϵӰӣǴӰ粿Ǹṹӡ
һ˫״ֽṹΪ㹻ȣͬʱڲԸ󵨵ơֽṹͻлûУͻиõĽṹѡ
ּ̧װ죬΢΢ͷ̧ۿղ컨壬ֻһŵơ΢΢Ҫתͷȥߴȴײ˱ӦǾļ硣
̫࣬һ̶ֳȵĿֱ̫࣬ûҪע⣬ûзԼײӦǾߴĲϡ
ⶰ¥ȫø͸չЩ渡̫񣬱ͶӰӹ͵غ֮󣬱ӡڵϡ
ֻһذǸṹӰӡ
ӦǾ˳˳ǰߣɱǰתͷ֪ڿʲô
ǰ̨סӦǾ
񣬲ŷֱӦǾ
תͷ̧ſ̨ףлл
лʲôһͻȻð
ӦǾѾһ˳뿪
һתͷһ˲
үʮ񣺡ң
ϣûС
һ·ղҵߵּտĦ˹У˻ϡ
ҸոշǱиӰӺͼָĽṹ񡣡
ӦɺŤͷ֮ǰڲ˵Ǹ
ͷмطҶϻȥȷһ¡
ڲղҹһ磬˵ǸӰӣȫûκ쳣
У̵ʱһͬһֻƺ˶ˣʵٵֿȥ·ϾȻల¡
һȥԽӿڣɵĽѧγУ˰죬ص֮ǰÿΡ
һΣûڽʲôϸƵļײλ
ǰձȻǿײ֣øͻϣװȥͻ׼粿ܵۡ
ֻһܡͻ׵ļײλ
лҪ˵׼


163 
ӽѧγг, ӦɺԱߵ
ҵˣ
ͷͬĽṹ
ӦɺӺϵĽѧγ̲һûǼ֮ǰĵָƬֽṹʲôر, ͼ׽ṹ̫ˣֽṹŽ⡣һڻʦ˫ṹиЧѡ
״ԭЩʦģôȥ, ЩṹٸĶӦµĲϻס
Ӧɺ˵ûһṹ˵׼ʲô, ֮ǰںڳƵĽṹʱ, ûѧSϵĻ֪ʶ, ڻ, Ļ׺˼
ȥȻ
ȥģӦɺʡ
ȹʾӡ
˸ճ, ˾ˢˢǡ
йȥȹʾ, һ
棺ҹģǱ߹۹ûˡ
Ӧɺӣ֪ȥҿ
Ҳȥ
ɽǿô򵥰ɡ
һȥȥ
ȥɽͬ
ҹҪ˲֪ǵıܿϰͷ
Ҳᳵ·, Ͻһָӣϰͷķλ, Լתʱ䶼յļ׼ǺܿҴ¥ĨܵϰŸ
ܷ.ǽ𣿡ڱΧĸǽԾԾԡ
ֲѧУǽһȥͱˡͷҲûص
ôȥܷ.ǽȥ, еʧ
ֻܴųȥǰѲ߶Ӻͷ϶ܿ𣿡
ӦɺŤͷ𾪣
ź.ǹԼ֮ĻʦҪῪ
ǰ3212ҵ磬ְȻ൱
ǰĴָԼȻ֣ʱ䡣
˶һʱ䵽ܵţƽ
Ӧɺڽ￴ûǲҲҪȥѧһѧա
ʦ˵У
һʣһʱ䣬˻պö£Ǳ߾ͷת˻
е㸴ӣٵȵȡ
.ŪΣǲŰȫš
һ·ߵΧҵһֱȹʾӡ
ҹֵأȹʾӵĴѾˡ
ʱ䣬ɹȥ
ǵղҺûţǴӶϷȥ
ģӦɺ
һģһĵذĬˣ
ʱһȥûüǺš
ʱйսøͶϵĵƺһγǸṹͷһģһĵƣȫǵԼʱյơ
ҳȥսɽ
һȥ
³ȥܵղ⣬ŹգͨѶҲš
ԣơŵذϵӰӣҡͷ̧һ㡣
˰죬һָӦɺӿ
ҪơӦɺӶͨѶڵĻɽ
ר־ǰҹ͵Žġ
⡣ָǰһذ壬
˾ű𶯣ϸ۲졣
һӦɺӴ򿪼ָƬ
˿Ŷ
ӦɺӺˢˢһ𾪵ӡ
Ҹʲôˣ˿õذ壬ӽ󣬵ذû
ϾĲƳɣǹʾ߳ûǮάſܿ˵ذ壬ȥǮ
ָӶˣλʦͳԼĹ߰ʼ˵ذˡ
Ա߿ƵõذĶ֮ǻʦҴָӵ
Ҳáӵ
ˣ߿˿ڡӦɺùߵŵذһǡ
˿Լһǣ˺ذɣߵŻذҰῪذ壬á
һ׳ĵذ壬жʮףᡣ
ŽذԱߵذϣתͷ˿棬滹һʯ塣
Ӧɺ׼ˣסˣվȥ
С˿ʯ壬վںĽж
ʯ壬һĴӡ
ӦǼȷŵġµֻ¥Ǳߣ˱Ҫɨ⣬ûκθı䡣
ûбȥҵۣ͵ش򿪺ӡ
ò˵һ̣ſڵذϵˣˣĶ˼ġ
˵Ǽǰµʲô󱦱
治һɣԱߵĻɽ
ɽҡͷҲȷʦµ޷ǻ׻ϡϡ
򿪺ӵ˲䣬˵۾ûգһ£´ʲô
ӱˣ˿Ķ󣺡
ʲôûУֻһͰ͵ֽ
ץŷƵֲֽڵػһ˫ͼ滹һ仰ϲѰī^_^
ֲǼдġԱ߿һ۱ڼȵûôʲݣͬ
ҿӦɺӽӹŵƶ˰ǡ֡
濿ֽֽ½ǣָмˮӡͼ꣺ǵ۶һҾưɵֽ
㶼֪üͷֽ͸ġ֡
ҡͷưɴʮǰջˣ֪Ϊ۶ǵĺڳҾưԭַϡ
֮ǰ֪ɳǺڳ.鲼ĺڳ۶ǺڳҲһ
ֺӵڹǸʱ֮ǰӦɺϸ֮
棺ô˵ܽĶˡ
ϸ˷ӣûҵʲôأտյֻһֽ
ٿֽı飬͸һǷϢ
ֽ۵Žڴӹ߰óһӣдһ仰ǰİ͸㡣
˺ֽŽڣºϡ
ӦɺӿһϵеĶȻһ£ҪΪĴʦȵôӴʦǵоֹ£ԺҲЯֽ
ĶȻˡ̾һء
ɽԣʲôʱȷлס
ҪˡҲùˣֱӵš
ʯ͵ذȫŻȥ׼ͽ桢ӦɺǳȥתȻŲһ١
ôˣӦɺŤͷ
ͷյƣʾ˫ֲ£ȥ
ɽѵƹ컨壬ø
컨ϣҲȥ
ȥ֮󣬵ͷеĵƣͶһضԱԱͨĵƺյغϴӰӵĵƣڷյضĵһϸ΢͹
ְ˰Ӳģ·ֻյϵϾá
ȻյƵɱţ
ºͻȻһ͸Ǹ͹𴫳ƨڲˡ
棺
˭ţ
ɽһҵҺĢȻ֪˵ʲô
󣬵ƹڱͻȻ򿪣һԿףӦɺʶֽס
Ҳʲô
ԿסӦɺ̯֡
ǻδͻȻһȣʲôģ
Բۣ
͸Դˡ
ȥǣɽһ䣬ˡ
лҪ˵ǰѰ͸ǡ


164 
𣿡Ӧɺʵ
ꡣʾӦɺӺͽˡ
ȹʾӳ˲ղڵĲϻֵǮ, طֻһ֧Ѳ߶ӡ
Ѳ߶ԶĹ⣬ͻɽ, ׷ȥһ£ղҹ߹ҪŲ޿ʿ
˱ƵֻܲϺ, ҺղҴһʱҲǡ
ΪʲôǲƣѲ߶ͻȻһʡ
ȥơӦǶӳǸӳ֮˵
ĴҿԶصĵطһֳһ, ŻһƬڰٴڵһ䴦, š
һ, ղҴһţѲ߶ӵ˻ǾҵĴ鿴, ˿ʼǵȥ
ʱ洫رҵĽ, ˷
, ˣѲ߶ӵߣȻղǵڽС
ȹʾӴ⡣
Сͻɽһ˿סһˣϴźͷף⻹ǵڵ۶ϰ, ҹһȥ͵ϮФܱõͷס
ҲְѵӼװԼס˲ѹѹǰĸ˵
Ѳ߶ӵߵȼҲA, ˴򲻹ˣֲԼѱɱֻܵ۾ҼС
㡣ɽ̫⣬вҵ㡣
Ѳ߶ӵˣ

ôеúͳմһҲ, Ťͷͻɽ²Ѳ߶ӡ
ܿѲ߶Ӹ˹ɽһۣҪЮ˴ΣȻҲûзŹ
ʣһѲ߶ӵ˸ϹֻڵϻԲѵˡ
ղҡ
ˣҲȥʾӦɺӸһܡ
˶زϣײ̧ŶѻѲ߶ӣһѽ˳ڼʯ
Ѳ߶ӵ˼ææ̧߹˲˳ȥɹĻɽϡ
ͷףʡ
ɽˢˢָ
ΪʲôУûУӦɺʡ
ⶼ֮ǰȥƹʱģԺҸ򡣡ȹʾӴſȥȵĵĿǰ΢ЦȻȥȻ춼ˡ
˽ϣ֮ǰҴ¥ΧڿϣöԿװΣִ˴⣿
ͷ⡣
ղǱûпԴ򿪵ɽʡ
ûüӦòǱߡϵöԿף˳Ķתˡ
ȥһ·ܲҵ
ҹǾ׽Ӧɺ
ǲСѧͬѧ㣿
ɽСġ
Ӧɺӣ
棺ˣСʱѵȥϢ
Կ׽ܣ׼ϴϴ˯ˣһϡ
룬׼ʱ𴲣һ绢ˢϴ·
ʮ󣬳ϰʳУӳ㡣
ʮ˴Ҵææִѵﻹˮ
**УƽͨԺУѶУȫѾ룬ÿӶվñֱϢŸУʦ
վģӦɺʽ档
϶ǵһλֱվڵ**УԱߡ
һ죬˶ѵԼľУװ
ɿվ˹ȥתԷǱ
үӼŲһȫˣӦɺӰȫ⿪¿ϡ
Ťͷɽñ˵㡣
ɽ̧ŲŲ𣿡
ҧˮձ˸ƣʾˡ
ǱѾʦ˹Ħ˹Уļ˳ˮĳˮǷĴǷģֻҪû7㣬ǾͲں
ʦһСӣʾע
ŵһʲôӡ
ʦɤӲˮֶ࣬ԡ

һ޶ˮ棺Ǵᰲֵ㡣
ʦҾòС󣬵㹻ѵ3sԱ߼Խ˶أ϶Źҡ
꣺
ԽȷʵҪѵϣһֱղţûһۣ
ˣ˵£ˣƤӡ**УѵʦһۣȽվ󣬲ŵѵ£ʦǡӽ쿪ʼһֱӶѵǻ׵ԣ˵ǰ棬̣ǻọ̈̄ѧ٣ȫԼѧĺǱ£ѧá֪ͨһ仰˼Ӧòٽ͡
λʦ˵һλʦվǰһָӺͻʦУԱϿΡ
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һλʦԭأʦصϢУɽ顣
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ž
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ͷӲޱȵĵذֱѿһڣб·ĺۼ·ǸȥģΧûκƣ
ԭоУʦô
Ͽεʱ򣬲ϲ˵ɽ鳤һˬݣ˵Ҳºͣûףֱôһ˺ҶԴ򡣡
ɽӵǰǰ󣬱ӼԱơ
ĬĬ˻
㣬СɽӰָԽ˵
Խų.ǹУվǰˣǱȶĳء
ɽȳ֣ƿ˦ԽˣһɲɵֵĺХ
Խ˼Ҳ룬ӭȥ.ǹȥҪסӣ
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ıӲԽ˵ǹ.ϣ⣬ɽı޼Ȼ
֮ıӲסǹʣµıֱ˦Խֱϡ
ž
˦ֱͳ.ǹڵصص
Խ˵ͷԼ˲Ѫֱš
˵ⳤ.ǹɽº͵ôԼ
ԽҧҪԼǹȴɽһӴ򿪣ҪûԼôұ¹һ
ʱ䣬ѵӳϵ
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ɽͷ淢һϢǱ߽濴һۣӦǾ
ӦǾҪʱʦˣ㡣
Խ˱ԽԽݣǱҲûܴɽûԼĳ.ǹ
ˣСɽó˹ɾԼıӣһλ
ʦң֡
ɽƳһָ̧ۣż꣺㣬С
һǿ׵ʦҪһԱ
żǰһŰǼѪûˣ


165 
Ӽվ, ϰһƬžɽҪѧù
˳㻹УԱһʾܱľУ, ʵܵϿɵ, ϾǰԽˣм, λ˲ɰгһۡ
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û˶Ķ, Խŵĳ.ǹ, ûҲ, οմѪıӡ
ѵ, һѵ, վǰ
ɽеѪŽԼĿڴڣ׼ˣ
𵶣ʾԿʼˡ
Աһֱŵ۰ͰͿɽŽȥ, ޲ùȥ
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޵ֵ˲䣬ֶȻס
˼άΪԼõǵ֮ǰԽõǹͬһסԼԸ
ž
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ܲܿ⡣ǰС
Աûб㵽ֵľУɫ̫ÿ֪ʵҲԸʦҲô
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һ㡣ɽıϣɫıӣһһڣÿһϻаݵ·֪ǲǺͻϵһǣǰݴƶŸá
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Լȥһӹɽ
ԣ̳Ǳȥ
Ǳвٱӣָеıӣѡϸһ
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ÿһɽıӿʱͻȻһʮָ߰
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һϣһ룬㱻ɽС
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Խ˿ɽ飬ĻԱߵе˼ղǸӵĽṹӱްѵβϸֽṹǿıӣղɽһֱûù
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ɽ鲻Ҷһ𾪵˭ʧһУеʽȫˣԺսǲǱ޴һΣǾͶǹ˵˵Ϊʲô
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Ƥһʱ䲻ɽʦǿ
ɽ黨һʱ˵󣬿ʼԼղùʽ׵ļΪ档
;˭ԸԼ֣աֻ֣ʦո˵Ҫһ
Ѷףֻܿһˡ
ɽкǺǣָָԱߵĻɽ
ŤͷֵͬĻɽ㣡
ɽǣȥڰȥ
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ˣ쵽⣬¿Ρһֱʮ㣬ɽ㽲ꡣ
ԱΧ۵ʦɽһȥһָӺͻʦҲϿΡ
Ħ˹Уһλϡ
ոӦǾôĵһģɽ㻹ȥĻᣬ͵Ǽģ
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͵ͱʦ֡ɽҡͷ
ӦǾմѪȷԼԼѪҺеĺǿбȾˡ
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򿪹ԣȻͣס˽Ųˡ
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廹ûˣ
ҡҲãԱһܴģЮǣǼУ˵˵ԽԽá
ߣõģǼһЮְ
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166 
źܿ촫, ǣȹʾӣУδ뿪ƽͨԺ˾ϰȶһ㡣
ƽͨԺ¶º, żΪֻ̬, ǸͽƾУϵġ
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Ҫֵġ
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תͷ˵ͬĻ
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߹ȥһ鵽һĳ
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167 
һʾס
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ϻ˵ȥ첻Ҫ, Ҫʧȥ֮ˮƽ
ֻŲײգ׼ʼս
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ܵ汳󣬸Ħõһλ˵3sָҲˣǿĻ
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168 
ڶҪһص, 粻ѵоУ봩Ͼߵϵϰ
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Ħ˹Уʦûԣ˵û涨ˡ֮ǰҲΪܱ滻ӣɵһβܻµĻס3sѶУԱ£Ҫ3sףûԴȥһϲС
Ļм俪ʼϹ˺һͣмȶ
ǡ
ƫͷԺ˵
ԱȽϼ򵥡Ӧɺ̨ϵĹĻ֪ô
һ򵥡˼ѶȻűƶ𽥼Ӵ󣬿3s̫࣬췽ѱѶߡ
ξһӡ
ܽһ仰ϣĦ˹Уڽıֺܱóɼ
ֱУԴĦ˹Уĳֵ˲ߣҲ֪ǹ⻹ף
̨ɺ·ϰȥһЩע
һϣоУóʮ־ġɿѧѾˣ⽫յǰܿλãȥǣƵ²֤ᷢ
ޣҪĸ࣬ǲṩκӪҺԼʳ·΢Ц췽Ҫܶǵ
ңıǡФվ²ۡ
̨ϵ·ˣ˳ѶУФͬѧֱ֣ѧУܶ
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һص󣬵оУ㿪ʼ׼ǡ
öʰȺ@Ļ׵Ǳزʲô
ɽкɽжû˰죬Żظһ
ӡ
ʳԵġ
ţǳԵĳӣܶࡣӡըӡ峴Ҳԡ
ųԶүӵİԷ
Ҳô˵
ʼȺǶЩӡ
ѾȺˣںӦǾϢ
ոӦǾһϢǰִǺǻἯһδ죬ϣܴ֮ȥѪҺ걾ĵط۲졣
ַΪʲôûӵ֪ͨ
ӦǾŹϵϢԥһᣬظȥ췽Ұŵˡ

Ӧҳ췽涼ˡ
ַԣ֪ѪҺ걾ľС
ͻȻһ£ַһϢߵĻǲǳˣ
Щӻڣ֮ǰежȫ֪ˡ
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仰죬ڷӦʲô˼
ַô3sȫǵ˼룿
Ѿǳ3sһˡ
ӦǾǴ̫ʱ䣬
һ֪Ըҡ
ֲһ䣺⡣
ÿ岻ãҪ⣬µ**УӦǾһڣǾȫˣԶ䡣
˹ԣ߳ţ߼˴ͺҪӦǾȥ۲ѪҺ¡
Һһȥɽ
ˣΣһȥ˶̫ԣںڸǾС
ͷС

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169 
ǽ, ӵļ˸ԻصԼϢԽӿڣʼѧϰɽѧ
Ϊȹʾһ, ڲɽ, עʲô
һע⣬Ķܺܺõؿ, ˵3s׽ṹ, Ҳ̫񣬵ʱ־Ϥ
ָֻ֮ܳϣԺѧøˡ
֮øӦɺӿһʼҲ
Ұ㻭ָ嵼ԣ˷ֽ⡣ڶ, һû˯Ӧɺÿ, һֿԷֽ˫s3sĽṹ, һʱûп־Ϥ
ŻƲֺͼ˼Ľṹأ
ӦɺҡҡͷԹˣֽⲻδ֪ԭṹ
űӦɺӲɸ״ĽṹҲûȻֻܷͰѧϰ
ֻǵʱ䣬ӦɺӶûô˯, һͷֻ׽ѧ, Էóȥ, ǽ͵ȥġ
ͽ;һ䣬ΪʲôûӦɺӡƽʱܼ˵߶ͻȻ˻ͦϰߡ
۾գɺӰĻס
ʦˡ
һֱۿںӦɺ˶˶ĺȦֹ׵±̫
ӦɺӺһΪǹڷо׵±ʦˡ
漷м䣬˫ִӦɺӼϣ֪ˣʦһᶽúϢġ
Ħ˹УƽͨԺǽһͬۿڣӳγԱȣĦ˹УִƽͨԺǱ߳˽Ųûκζ
ӵһڣÿһУѾʼ仯ƽͨԺڵĳĬѾǳھУϰߣɥʧʿ
֮ĶԱȸԡ
ոսӵ֪ͨУ֮Ҫд졣ǽ
ʲôʱ򣿡Ťͷʡ
졣淢֪ͨ
²ϡ棬żи𳡵ػ仯ΪԷУ࣬ǰе飬ɸѡЩʲõѧ
üȷѶȻӴ󣿡
û˵.ŲʮЩϷѧǣ࣬ؼ滹ûһǵģףûо飬׳¡
£ָҪϰֻѧʶд󲿷ֲֶͬʱҪѧ̾ѧϰЩһӴĹ̡

УҴ¥͸ѵҺ󣬽յʦڴ֪ͨ
Ħ˹УѾǰ֪ˣûʲôȵѾʼȵˣĸŵڻ
ڱľУǴĦ˹Уһеĵϰε
ڶ죬Уûѵҽ¥Ŷӽȥ졣
ܡѪҺ֪ȫҪ顣
˵δ죬һҪԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡
ǻǲǵ֮ǰѶУӼ£
Ǹ3s
˵ˡ
ԣδҪһԭǼû˽н

Ħ˹Уӵ˲Уӵ˰ԡ
ʽ棺ô죿
ʦǱ߻һ滻оҽڣæ
ӦǾûɨŶӵľУڵ**Уڡ
泯**УǱ߿ȥ⣺ļⱨרŵҽƶߣùһ졣
ӵȽȥ⣬ȥһҽУˣԱ߻дĦ˹Уʦ⡣
ѪʱҽеܣҪ
ͬѧʲô𣿡ҽʶʵ
û¡ҡͷֻ뿴ԼѪȻǿʲô¹ƻӦǾһ
Ѫ䣬һȥ
֪ȼԡ
ҽһ¼һѧݾǸѧҽ
վͷһݵҽ̧ͷ
վȥȻͷŸ֪ʾһΪ۵S
¼ݵҽͷȥȻʲô˿ǸSֿͷеĸ֪
ݸͣ½ַ棬ɫʾʼһֱ3sΪֹ
ˣȥ¼ݵҽؿ3s󣬱뿪һС²ۣڵѧһʵܸ۶ӡ
ݣ
ùԣʾ
ȥ򿪹ԣ㿴ҽϢ֪ô¡
ַеͨˡ
ݹһŻأ
һϢ211ҽҡ
ҪӦǾһȥѪҺʱ䡣
ַҽء
Ǳ߻æȻظ˵죬ѾһСʱ֮
󣬽漸˶ſڵš
ˣ淢һƽͼҽ¥ĽṹӦǾбҸϸİ汾С
ͷϸǵÿһҶǣʱұô죿
ɽƳһۣƽʱҲû㲻
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ɽ
оУ죬һʱ䣬Ž
Ħ˹Уûȥģգ˼ֲ֡
ĸ˷ֿһֱһӣɽȥһӦɺӦǾһȥֵܸ飬ȥҴ¥زӡ
Ħ˹Уʲô˼˾ͽοӦǾȥǷڣȥҹǾ
ǲͷ裿ǾڵϣͷҲ̧
˾ͽΣҹָӺӦɺӳȥˣ᲻£
£ָӶ¡Ǿһװ
⻰ô˵ǣ£Ÿոչȥ˾ͽüӦýָӵİΣʱϡ
һָһʦܷʲôΣգĦ˹Уǰٷ裬Ҳϰڳ֡Ǿתοãڶ淿䡣
˾ͽΣҪǸȥҼ꣬ҲڹǾķˡ
룬ȷʵ̫ܳʲô⣬ٲָ߻лӡ
ӦɺӺӦǾ󣬴Ħ˹УҴ¥ȥˡ
һţֻʣһˡ
Ӧɺӣأ
ȥʦ̸ˡһ׳ЬҲģ´վںӦǾӿڴһ˹ȥ
ӦǾʶס׹Ķͷеĺɫͷ̧ۿ˿ɻ
ͷʡõʱ鷳죬˶٣תͷ᲻ͷ
ᡣӦǾ̧ͷԼ
ɨ¶һ޳԰׵󣬺ܿƿû⣿Ҫ¥ȥ
¥ӦǾǱܿˣ߹ȥɣѾˡ
㣬ҽ¥Źˡ
ӦǾšһԿס

ǺӦǾĺô


170 
ҹ, ӦǾ󣬱ܿĦ˹УҴ¥ȵļء
һǽߣһʣΪʲôļһˣ
ûҵˡӦǾ˵嵭, ûа
ߵ䴦ǽ, ̽Եǰһ, ŤͷʾӦǾܿ
˸ƹأһ, , ײڲѵͶ
վӦǾ, ΢̧, ˣֱ, һ, һǽڡ
ӦǾ΢΢ü⣬˷ѾǣٶǽӰҲá
Ϊռʱ䣬ͶѵҹŻ, һ·߹սɵ£ߵ¥, ӭҪҲ, ǺӦǾ
۾ɴһȦ
ܿѸټ֮ǰĻ⣬ӦǾɿ
ѧ, ղ˵, һе㲻
ʵ, ֻҪû͹С
Ͷ˵ߣƺȫûмǽǴˡ
¥֮żǰߣŤͷӦǾˡ
߳Ҵ¥һС·ӦǾǿǡ
˭ղſˣ.ʡ
ӦǾĬղͬһСӡ
ֻദôʱ䣬ܹΣ
˴Ħ˹Ҵ¥һ·ߵû˳󲿷˶ѾϢˡ
ҽƴ¥תӦǾֵˡ
ӦǾ߽ţ򿪹ԣһ⿨ƬˢűԶˡ
ǹ߽ȥ̧ͷһۼأƻţԻڹ
ǱߵĻѾѭţ˼ǽӦǾ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ󣬽͵
С󣬵ӦǾ·
۲ѪҺҪȷһЩ˵ѪҺ⣬ܲܿѪҺеĺɫ
ѪҺ¥ټڰУܹ۲죬δΪ֮ǰӦǾ˵Ļ¾衣
ӦǾߵһ䷿ǰŶ룬תͷ
ڷһһ䣬Ű칫
ӦǾߵ1űǰ룬жʮ֧ѪҺһ۱ȷ֧
ӦǾ֧ԹȻ·д֣֧ԹܷŽڴͬʱӿڴóһ֧һģһһѪҺԹܣ˻ȥ

ѪҺ
ǼٵġӦǾµָʣµѪҺܲܿ
ҡͷûУһɫ
ӦǾóһ֧Թܣתǩ֧СƾصѪҺҿԿкɫѪҺеĺͬ
ø֪۾ϣܲܿ
ҡͷ
ܼĺɫȴѪҺеĺɫӦǾȷ
ԭһѪҺͻȻһеԹܣѸٷŻԭ룬һֻסӦǾĴ˲Ƶ칫¡
ȵϣӦǾסûע⵽쳣ֱӴȥ
˲£ָڴߣʾҪɿסӦǾ֡
ܿӦǾУĸ֪ӳȥԷ°ʾŰ칫
աա
ЬӲڵذϵԵûȻ
ڲϿͣǰ
ȷ˲ǹԱΧĵûһƬڰ
ԷظŸղ֮ǰĶ1ű룬ּ2űƣϴ룬Թײ
ӦǾİ칫ǽԷ˭ֻܶ棬뿪
ʮӣ˰б䶼򿪺󣬲֪ʲô뿪
ڰ칫£˺һᣬŴ
֣ҪӦǾ
˵ָӣҪչһ¡
ӦǾĿϣƬ̣ԥؽִȥ
һѽ˳˳ղ·ͻȻǸ
ղǸʲôܲܰҹѪҺڶֽš
ϵĻˡѵܵˡӦǾһ仰¡
ͷ˿ԼĸϸС˿ڣڰѹƵϣӦɺҰף˵ˡ
ЩӦɻʦԼӦǾ΢΢ü֮ǰԸ񡣡
ΪʲôԸ񣿡ʵ
ӦǾһõ·֮ǰڵ۶ʱȫͬƺӡ
㿴ѪҺ롣
ӦǾĬȥǲ鿴˵ѪҺСƾصѪҺ⣬ȫû⡣
̫ɾˡ
ղǸѪҺģ
ǡӦǾӸղǸؽŲͺƵʣжϳһԣԱߡУʦһȷ֪ɫ⡣
غãеʧѪҺûãһˡ
ӦǾȷ⡣
˴ӷڳȥʱֶ˼ֽײˡ
ӦǾصᣬһȥӦɺӱʣôˣ
Сƾأ˵ѪҺǸɾġ
áӦɺһֵСƾرȾ֮󡭡
áȽȥң˹ƺˡ
˻Ӧɺ𾪵˭
ҡͷûˣҲͱˡ
ɳϣ˫Ŵڲ輸ϣͷӦǾĿ⣬ʲôӦɺӵĽţøȥ
Ӧɺ͵ø磬ҪԼȥ
ӦǾӿڴó滻ѪҺܴܲߣ
֣ȥ
ʲôӦɺ
ҵѪҺ
㡭ó󣬲ͱ˷ˣӦɺż
ָָӦǾ׼滻ģû¡
ӦǾѪҺ˵˵ͷת뿪Ҵ¥
˰죬ɽͽˣһʱҽ¥˵˵һȻƫ˻⣺ûƤ
һƤһ꣬⻹3212ǻǮģֻʣͷһӦǾߵһ
ʹ
ɽͽȫ֪˵ʲôֻеʱڳӦɺ˼
ø粻ֶţ˵ȥˡӦɺӰοһ
һС
УһС
ĸ׼ϴϴ˯ˣɽȷӦүأ
Ҵ¥
ţŵǸһ㶼Ѻã䵭ʲô
үԱرУʱִĺܣȫں䵭
ʲô
档ү

ӷûʲôӦͼ鳯֡
֮ǰ˵ЩزӵĳԷܲٸҽ
ðԥؿ
ڿġڡϼ
һ¾Ϳʼžһѡ
һһ㶵ģֻܴͷһһ͡
ԱڣһֱȻ뿴ˣʲô·ֻʱز;㡣
Ҫ׼ȥ𣿡ʵ
ԡնдص㣬ǶҪȥһ졣
ɽԱһ
Ϊ⣬ѯǲҲʲôҪز˵
ɽУ
Ա߿ţǱˣҸ˽
˲Աߣ֣ʲôƼ
üһҳ飬
ȫ⣬չȥһһҳ顣
ҳĻ׹ԭүȫһȰȡ
ŷغ飬Цʱڵ㻹˼档
үԥ˰죺ôŬҲûùھ
ʵġ
ƺĲ͵Ҳֻˡ


171 
νħħ, ү˭ŵĻ첻ɴ
, Ƥû취үָָԼ۾, ֿϵ, Ҿ۾󣬿Ķ϶Ҷࡣ
ޱ飬䵭Ҳ˼
, ˫סŵ֣֪˼, ǫˡ
˵ʲô, Ļ, ƻز档÷ʤΪ˰, ֻܿ˦һز, ֱЩزȽϻ
ţ
󣬱˳ȥ
١
ѵˡ ֱӵû뵽ô࣬ٴȥ, 춼ˡ
аɡүеϧ߻һ仰, á
лл, Ⱥظ

ߵĦ˹ϣýӵͨѶ, ôû
̫, ҾͶһᡣصͨѶ, Ŷ
ɽһ˲š
Ǳôˣʵ
ô˵⡣½˽¡
ڻɽԱߣô˵ϰ֪ɫ£
ͷҲ⣬ӦǾڹǵ鵽Ϊģжų£ɫѾ̫꣬û˷ֶߡͬʱ仰ǲ֪ж˱Ⱦ
ҽȥǱߣ˵仰֮֡ǰ仰ظ˵˵
ô˵ü⻰ƺָ
Ħ˹УӵһƬеƺԽԽƫƫǻ֪˭˵¡
ȻѪҺûãֻ취֤ȴУӿʼɽ
ʦʦǣǽʦᾭǶսһܼѪ
㣬ҪӦǾϡָָԼ۾ҿ
棺û⣬ʱȥǶս
ָӺͻʦͷҪרעλı֣ͷǺʦۣع۲졣
һϳУ˲ûеõʲôõѶ
ڶȥѵʱ򣬼УԱøӵĿ⿴ǡ
ڴĦ˹УӾ񽻼ʻȥǣȥ͵**У£ϾѾˣУò²ǲڽ˻̸ʲô
ĸʦָʽ档
ҡͷѵûиγ̱ÿλʦϣ˵ȫ⡣
Ŀ⻹ڶϢʦʱԱ֮һϰѵŽߵʦǱߣ˵˼仰󣬱㳯У߹
˵ѵϰɨһˣԱʱ̫ˣҲûʦһڿΡ
ղʹˣڿҪϽսסϰָָҲϽսС
ǰʦ𣿡
ϰЦˣ򻹼ٴ֪óѧʽ˵ʽʼǱ˵ġûγԼĶͷҲֻƤë
ֱ󣬳Ħ˹ӳԱ˸ơ
֮ǰѾˣÿһκʦսԺУսҪҵѪ
סϰ˵꣬ԼȽס
ذɫĻվѵϣ͸ׯأһ͹С
̨׵ϥǹؽڴвϸ΢ĻۣϸᷢצġȻ̨ױ˪սۣǿشڡ
ײգûпʼԼ죬ǻֽšԶ飬ϲԼܣһʦĽǶ
ֻϰ첢û㹻ʱ䣬ֱӻӽ
һ£ͻ׻Ȼһ壬ûκβǶľ飬ÿһζܷܽӵٷ־ʮϣʱܴﵽٷ֮١
ϰĽЩӽһ˲䣬Ļ׵Իʦ˵ԸΪ֮׺ˡ
һ˲䣬ϰĽƽһ㡣
ȷӦػʱˣԲ硣
ϰпƽƽ
ӵһڣϰǸӵġΪûʲô̫ɫı죬涼ȲУжĻ׵ֻÿζս䣬ѧ˵ʽҲ죬־Ǹ֮š
ƫƫ̫ʱǿʱ
Ӧ̫ϰ˵꣬ϥϺݺһġ
㱻Ĺˣںܿ쿿һֻǿ֧Ȼһ룬һֻҲС
ֱҪ£ǧһ䣬ϰֳŵأԭµֱɨȥ
Ӧν죬ֻ˸죬ϰ챻ɨһȣ˲𣬽С֮ϡ
޳ĻǿԺã֪ͨƤʹҲ޷⡣
ԱΧ۵ʶס۾һҪΪ޳ǿµöˡ
ޱһֻ˹ȥϰеĽһ
Լĵֻܾ͵عϰ嵶ڵϹȦһȦóֵסϰ쿳ĵ彣
סѵصĦþȫǰһͬʱϰĽڵذϣΧȫѿˡ
ɼõж
ϰѿĵذϣЩʦ飬ҲᣬÿһζսǱóӡ
仰⣬ڳҲɶ֣ȻҪƴսѪʵڲʲô
˫סֵѺϵӭȥһѺϵԸϰĽһѺϵȫײգϰӽٶ̫࣬ѵҲκβˣסˡ
ڽʱϰ̧ʽһ٣ϰץסᣬֱۡؿڡ

٣ˡ
޳ǼҺĢһˣҪ޲ԭӣƱػҪҺ
һ˲ͷƤըˣЩҪõҺĢ
ûϰʵǿܴ޳
.˺ϰ׷ᣬŤͷſ׷ˣŲѵǽڣת
ϰҲδϵе濹˷һ룬ĺϵѾڰбε
ӣεһ˿ڣŻ𻨡
Χ۵ʦѧǲɵһ
ķֹˣǽһ˵ľ룬ϵϰ졣
ϰ콣ֵ˲ǽƽ״̬һһ棬ǰУϺˣͣס
е˼ϰ쾪ıҪĽѵȻӵֻһֻ֡
һֻѾȭϰײմȥ
һȭɣ̨ײһǽϡ
ײǽȻȥϰȴӭһȭֱš
ѵ
ԴײǽϷ
Ϣʦסˣֹܹ˼ȥٴȥϰ춯𣬻ƴ˵÷һ
ϰӻײڳ⣬Ѫղһȭ֪ͨУѹʹѪ
Ҳʦ˳һ±ǳ**УӦǾǱ߿ȥ
ӦǾĿ⣬΢ҡҡͷ


172 
ϰӹԱʦݹֽ, űӣָָ̧ʮֲ⡣
ӡ
ٻصĦ˹У, Ž漸ҡҡ֣ʾϰû⡣
ղȭϰԼ, վоУǰ, ûоöǶǰΪʲôӦôҪʱÿǰֶô
ͷ˵, һܲ, ʵֻ, ǰڹ۲ѡ
ûĻʦ, 
õĻ׺ͻ׵һ𣬾׳ԡ
, һ, ܴңȻϰָָѶУФҿƽʱ
ФٳܱȵùĦ˹Уˣ
С, ϻ˵Уϰ, Ħ˹һȺ˶, Ŀó˭Ѷһ۾ͿФϸߡ
Ϊÿ˵, ϰٺѧս, ˼ָ, սķΧ
ղŻ˵սҪóӡԵҿʵ
еţԼԶ㣬ʡð¼ȥˡ
ȻϰȭӮˣʦסǣ֪ӮϰҲǳصġ
ָһ磬ϰˣ´
ӲŤתָǡ
ϰ뿪ɽվǰ棺ǰʦսָ֮ѵָ㣬ڴ񣬼ʦ˵ÿһ仰
ǣ
ˣɢ˰ɡɽ֡
ѧ뿪ʦǸύһݱǶԳжսѧĴ֡
Ǹϰ߲áʦͽģ֮ǰҾͷˣҪڲű
ÿ˶бü˵һΪĵÿһжƽУһҲ㡣ԣζжֺǿͶֻã󱬷ˡ֣ǰƽˮȻͻȻθߣ˷ܼһ
ؼһǶֲڱǿڣıԵĪ
ѧë࣬ҽ˺ܶΣ̲á˳λʦĻԭ
ҽ֪һֱSʵǸ3s׵ֱ⣬϶3sʵ
Ϊױƻ˿ʳͷԷ
Ե㣬ǻ֪ҪЩʲô߰ĵĶ֣֡Ͼһ⡣
˵ߵĳζܺáСʮȥǾʱȥһˡ
䲻ˡûôԷǿֵĸֶΣ׼ȥĺڳȱˣٳȥ䡣
ûϵ˵ڳṩɫʳ
ǰ극ȥҽǱߣ粻һҡ
ֻ̧˻ӣһԶˡ˻ᣬӦɺҲ
Ҫȥģ̧ͷʡ
ȥøݡӦɺӵ˶
ϰڣ˶ͷѵУƵĵ̣һ˽Ŷ˭˼
Ƥͷ̧ʡ
ӦɺӵͷһС
ߵϰſڣյԱͨѶ
Ƕ𣿡Աʵ
Ӧɺӣ
ַҪأҿǻᱻץġԱزԶʵ
ӦɺӺſڵѲ߶˵һųȥվڴſڣǶ磬ÿݡ
ԱԥԥſݽӦɺϣſѲ߱ûж˿ǱľУô
ҪˡӦɺӿſԱΪʲôͣǻ
Աûнյ㣬˹ֻ
ˣϰظûչݣ˾Ȼｨݵ㣬ɹʱ򣬻Ϊ˾ҪıԼ
еϸ񡣡ӦɺЦЦ
ǩݣһͷصҡ
濴Ű˸ߵӣһУ
ɽ߹ȥƿӣȫǺɫƤͷһʵڡ
Ҫһӡ
ˡӦɺӵ
֪СһСͷԼ˿ҽңԾҽĸѯ
ĸ֪ΪʲôͻȻ3s֮ǰһֱĵȼsһ
ҽӪҺ룬Ĵָúȡ
㣬ûие쳣
ûУͦõġոհϰȭ
ݳĬһ᣺ͦġ
Ҳôá
ʾߵһ̨֪ԻϣٲһΡ
˵ģվȥ
ɫһֱs˫sϣ漴Ȼsͣ˺һᣬ˫sػأ֮ͣ䡣
S룿Ǳ
ݣܲ3sһ
ԡ
˵仰󣬹˼Ӻ󣬹ٴһֱ3sͣ²
ҽеۡ
ݵͷŹǸʱ¼ݵıƽģֻ3s˲䣬߹һСܿƽȥ
̧ͷѵˡ
չȥһԣҽڿݣҲ
ݽ**ǰ
ͦһݣ˼侲ˣˡ
أӦǾûƽԼİ칫ϡ

Źȥҽ˵ҪأŹֵֹģһںҡ
ݲЦ֪ȼӦˡ뼶ܿ3sǺ£˵ƿصĸ֪ԽԽ࣬ٺúõԼ
ͷ֪ˡ
ݴóһӪҺӪҺһɷ֣ʱȺЩ
һۺӪҺǡݮζ
ԡƸ¼ӵҩĳɷֺζ壬ûʱоֱ˲ݮ̣۾һվͺˡ
ɫӪҺٳٲá
Ӫɷֱ֮ǰҪŨʱȥ⣬ʮ첻3sרӪҺˣ鷳ˡ
֮ǰҲû⡣
ֱӰӹϣ֪ˣ֮ǰӪҺʺϣȥɡôã˼ӦǾȵȫûκι֭
ҡҽˣ㲻
졣ۿҪ˵ڣϽȥȻһҼ˫ݮ֭
̧״ˡ
뿪󣬾ţվڴǰãһֱӰʧŻصԼλϣ´ߣղż¼ʱϡ
ãҽҲŴһ̾
ҽû̫ʱ䣬ݵʱ䣬ˡ
һȥӦɺӱ
˵ҪһƤͷˡӦɺԱÿһλã¶˸ߵӡ
̽ͷѵͷͷʺţ⣬һУ
ô
Ĵָɺӣ㣬˾Ǵ
ӦɺԼţʦ˲С
ô£ܾýں

ʱ䣬ѧѧУ˶һ飬Ȼظѧ
һڶǱƽͨԺʦ˹ȥս
޻׶ԿרųλʦкʦһʼûתΪֻһֶֹΡ
һȭʱλʦǹҪԼһ˲ˣʼѵʲôս
ΪʲôλʦûѪУӣ
ҵĵڶξ⻬¬
ûȵʦӳѪȱƽͨԺʦѵһ٣㱻ʦѪ
ս⸱ӣĦ˹Уʦ㣬㡣ƽͨԺʦֱۣѹڵϡ
ŵذ壬Ȼ𣬽ٴʦıӡ
ڣ
ƽͨԺʦʶ֣סԼıӣѪָ
ӦǾȥҡͷ


173 
˵, ֵУսս˳ʦͳһÿ޻׶Կ׶Կ, ʱΪһСʱ
˵֮󣬼ѵǽһŶսʦѾѡ˳
, ҪԽˡ򡣡ɽվȦ, תͷΧ
أʵ
ϰͨɽ漷
˭򣿡
ºͻ
Ȼʦѡս⣬ò˵ֲһ־У缧ꡢԽս˱
ʦҪϷԱ߹, Сһ㡣
ɽ֮ûôĳɼһԽ˳֣ڵ**У졣
ֶʲôӦġ
һҺͻ޻׶Կɽ
˿Żɽֱʾ

ˣվǰɢվŵľУ, С
УźöӺ, ˻ͻɽ֣ǳ, ׼һ
һ߳, Աɽʻⳡ˭Ӯ
ҡûκԥ
Ħ˹УǱ洫һȻԻĻʾͬ
üĦ˹Ǳߣÿվһһһں֮ڡ
죡Ŵͷ߹ȥֵ㡣
ôʦأһӮˣɽѹ²̨
Ħ˹Уȫ, Ȼ¶, һֱ۳ɽ˸, ӦɺվǱ, ˸ġ
ˣףѧûˡ
ԱУȻǵΪе𾪣־ȷʵǴĦ˹¡ФŤͷԸѧСȥʦʣҲôһ㡣
ѧ֣ģʦ⡣
ФԥҲԱȻһ¡
Ϸ񣺡˲ѧĦ˹
Ѷ˶ͬ⣬ФֻĬĬ׼ʼ޻׶ԿĻˣһ˵Ľ
Ƕжһ

ͻ׵ͻ׵ԼΪģʽ䣬ƫأɽóƶһЩԿ
ɽָ벢ȫǻ£ͻ׵ȫԽԼռȻ
ʱһ죬ɽȻѡΧ۵ʦЩ棬֪ɽͻ䶼ǻˣ˲ûжսľ飬ʱѡ֣Կһ㡣
ԼʵġɽͷԽ
ЦЦɽʦ̵ò
ȳֵĻɽһвɹ̧߿˾ļ״ڻɽ̲ƿͬʱֵסʽ
˲ֳһУС䴦ɽʵʵôһϥһ䣬е̬ȭ
Χۿ˶ȻȲᡣȻȴûκα飬·оʹ
ƤģԱΧۣһֱ¼ţϴκҶսʦҲǡ
ѵһȦְ̧ľͷҺƽͨԺǱرⷽѵ
˼ô˵ǴС򵽴󣿡
ô˵ͷ
սһһСʱڼУҪóԼ󲿷ѧʽ
ɽͻֳ֮һһٶȼ
ʵԣ3׵У㹻
ھͿ˭Ƹԡ
һȽɽڵأȡѹʤ˿̼ʱֻʣӡ
ƨɺиˤڵϵĻɽͻȻԻ
ʶûɽƭԼһ仰ʱΪѾˣתͷȥԼıĿӡ
գ۹򣬻ɽڵϿʼ
вվΪ˸õЧԱӦɺӺ˫ִţ̧
ͷ׼棬شʧʱѾɽ
ãʹڸߴ
ǻǿģ
ӦɺӸоԼҲӦҪ˵Щʲô˼ε
ˣ

ͷԼӦɺһѵҲһ㡣
ʱϥǰɽĸһȨɽʼҴˡ
˵ʽˣʼ޶ŻͷٳС
ھͷһ˲ɫֺڣ࣬۾ɵü󡣿ɼܵ
һµĻ׵ң˿̱ѹƣҲȥͻɽһ¡
˭뵽һµĻɽ̫Ҫˡ
ʵáФС޳ˣɴ޳ܵס
ֻӮȡʤֶΣѵսڼ仹ҪͶֽĵ£
ФһҪĴĦ˹ˡ
ʱɽȻո˵һˣսӮ֣ۼһľУǰһСʱ
˻һڷΧ̱ˣ˵޳ܵʽҲҪӮ
ڻѵľУɽȻѡϥȥ
Ӧɺԣôѵʼ㣬ʶֵ
ȻһвǻɽαУĿͷֱٴ޶סͷذײȥ
ֻñײӲذϣһᣬ᲻Ծˡ
˻һеͬʹࡣ
ʱ䵽ˡʱ𣬽صʱͣ֡
󻹻˶Էһţžʹ˷ֿ
ǿûȥԼıӣޱվڻɽ档
Ħ˹УʶŻıӣȴѪϧ˰죬ҲûмһѪ
ŵ̾һ
ѵӡ
ɽۣҲûռٱˣǳ䲻⣬䲻ûȽǱѡ
ǰ簴Ħʮֵڣˣ
ɽ̫˵ȥƤ֣ûûѪʱ䵽ˣһΣ϶ס
ɽ˫ֱۣЩɲҽġ
üܴӮУʽֻӮֶΡ
Ҳͺ˶սôɣԡʦȻϻɽЩʽ
ڲǺ޶սҲʦӦսǲɶõĺƷʡ
ɣ滹**УʦλУʦ
վʱǰ˻ǴЧȽϡɽЧжʮЧʮˣĦ˹Уһ֡
ܺáӳݷѹһ仰
ɽ飬û취ڸˣϣҲҺܺá
һΣҲٷִ󡣡
ˣϢСʱڶʾȫȥ
һͷϢܣ׼λӣû뵽Фžƣǰ档
Ф˺ڳϣֳţѶУģ챻Ħ˹УռˣľУվһνʲ

ĬĬ´˿Фֳͷڳϵơ
ФµĳΣԻԶѶУ˺챻ռˣҲҪһ
ѧָеΣǶǿʱͺˡ
ǹȥɡµһФʮϢܱվźá
Ѷһ˹ȥµһ˲䣬ѧֺȻһҲû£ŵȷվҪĦ˹Уһսʱʲôƶó
ڴ˿̣׵ȺͻȻһͼƬġ
ƬϺȻڳϵФ·֣ѽ
ϸղФı飬ټƣ˿𽥱**
ƬʱФףָˣ
ץסʱФԭλӣĴȣʾɽ
ɽ˹ȥФ̯̯֣ʾΧˣѾˣЧ
ФߵɨһȦȻУ˶۹⿴Լ
Фת׼˼ƽϣ㷢ֻɽԼλϣʱǰһڣǣ
ƽ飬ФЦһŻɽһġ
˱ԼɧˣȥԼҪ־͹ȶԼ֡
ܿФƬͻɽƾȻ仯֣ɽ
ֱд
Ħ˹УѾɧûƤûˣ


174 
ԭȻ׵ȺֻƵ, һ˾ѧϰƵȺȻФƬФʼػ, ȺʼɶͼȺ
ФһرˣƬͻɽλ, Եл, ͿţҸֵǶ, ĴĦ˹УӳԱƬɧɧ֣Ⱥ﷢
ȻʱĵУúõһʶ⿴ˣĳб͵Ф, , бĵˡ
Խˡֿܲ, Щ˺, ֲ˵½ڿλ߸ФĳͼȺȥ
ФȻˣֲǹģЩôôСǴԼͷڡ
뷴˶Ź
ФԼѶŹͼͼҲҪҲǾP, һҪ˶һ顣Ȼ3s, , pͼ, ӦǾԼҪܵͷǾͲ̳˵ˡ
˱Фëˣ׼Ǿվһ𿴶սѱⲻĵˣ⣬һȥȺͱ˴Ҷ˭ʱ̿Ÿ
ʱȺֻʣ¼ûͼƬ
̳ˣң⼸úʲôƵģһ⣬ԽɢԹˣʲô
Ф·˵Ӳӣ˶ˮʣǼȺľԵ쳣ۣų⡣
ַcue
̳ˣǺǣԹ˺ˡ@Խˡ
¾ôȥФҪǳˣ˼ҴĦ˹УӸôΪʵӻˡ
תͷѸѧ˽
ѧֿ·ţϷ˷Ф˵һЩ
ѶָӸѧ֣
̳ˣ
ѶָӸѧ֣Фڸʲô
ФûлظͨȺȥ˽ˡ
̳ˣιԱôģָӶŽˣΪʲôߵ
ַڽ£
̳ˣҪãýˡϽѽָߵȺǴĵط
ǽϢ¼ĶսƵָ֪˭Ф˵ĿΪУָӡȺһ־ȻѶУָӡ
ַ
ַԼָӣ
̳ˣûȺʺָӴ̫аˡ
ַ
ôһ˲䣬ʵФԻ·ָӻҪߵģ˵ǻ׵Ⱥ
ʻԱȨ棬Ѹѧ˳ȥ
ڵФظ׼ƽͨԺ͵ĸѧ֣
ѧֻȥҽФһͷܾˣ㸸ĸϾУǲֻǵòԸ֪ȼ˲
Լָӱ߳ȥФǱˣֱ׳Ҫʲôֲָӡ
㣡ѧһָ侲ѹĦ˹УѾõھֻҪǱˮƽǱҪˡ
**УƽͨԺĦ˹УУƱҪϷǰλʣµľУû˻ᡣ
ФסҲȫԱ3sһ롣Ħ˹У˵һ**УõڶǻԺƽͨԺ
ѧԲһδʵ̫ǿ˵㡣ƽͨԺȣһ涼Ҫǿô
ķˣ֮ǰΪ˺ȣǶ3sһϣлõ֡ФĦ˹УǱ߿ȥǶܴӵһȥǿ϶Ҳԡ
ѧֿŵ԰ФоԼԳԱĻȫ˵ˣڵƽͨԺԽˣȵƽͨԺͻǡ
ФͬøѧֲҾȺ﷢˵ͼ˵˵㻰ѡߣǺƽͨԺǶ֡òǲҪǳ֣˼ҲŰĦ˹û¡
Ħ˹Ħ˹ôϲԱǣҪ˭ڸۿڴѧֿԽˣ鷳ҲٴŶȥ
Ͳһ£Ф͸оܶɫھΪۿһƱ𡣡
Фѧֵ嶯£ʱȥ֣δĶսΪΥ棬һɳ֡
ФڵͷᣬҵƵ㿪Ŵڸѧǰھʹ㿴
ѧ֣ģϣ
Խ**ŴѧֿԶ֪ͨ
Ħ˹λ˹ȥʲôأ
Фָ˵ͦõģղȺ￴ˣҷ
ѧ֣
ұ´ˣǿԣ֧һʷá
Ա߻ɽһ߶һвǮͶֵ̬
ѵʦڸѧ־
üأ
̫֮ˣһЩֽš
ѧɫѿĦ˹ĿԼԱһФмΪá
ָӣǣͦʹģȺáФǮõָȺá
ҲøǮˣФΪǵԼޡ
ѧ֣Ҫ٣ʮ򡣡
զ࣬ȺӵܾǷʰ㿪ھǼʮ
ʮ˱㡣ָָɽ
ѧ֣


175 
ܾġŻײ͡, ѧֻǱǿŻǮıΪղſˡ
Ϊһ3sָӣѧֵӹ, ̸ּ߲ۻ, ǮҲ, οΪĦ˹УԴΪ, ͼ鷳Ǯˡ
һֱȥѧתǮ
ù𣿡ŤͷԱߵͻɽ
ûСɽ
һֱùƲ졣
˼ָһˡ
Զ֮, ѧֲ͵ҺĢǡмĹھ, õġ
ФһŴĦ˹УǼ˵ıӰ⣺ЩҲǵ, ˭Ѱ, мʱǶУõҲǹھ, ֻץסһھ
ѧֲ, ޱ飺˼ǿʵŵõôණ
Фҡͷ⣺, ҾǷ޳ܡ
ô˵ѧͬ˵
Ǳ߽ҴĦ˹У׵, ǽһĶս
ڰսǴĦ˹, һкͼһʱ, ֻܴ½һɽѾӮ, һΪսǹڡ, ö, ˵ˡУľ, ʲô, Ƕ
䲻Чûˡ̾
ǳ䲻ҲûӮϰͨɽ
Լŵ´ϻףҲŻ
ˡʾȲҪ˵ĻսʱҪɾ裬κԽ޻׶ԿҪСģ޻׶Կ궼һùһУ޻׶Կʵǿ
һЯľУⷽΪͨϰУɽҲһ
ЯĶС͹䡣
Խ˾ΪɣǳͼıصԼ걳иӦǾһϤ󣬸֪꣬ˣҪܰԼĹ
ǷĶսʱ**УҲӦǾĻ
ڰһıӦǾĿڼϣмע
Ĭš
·ʽӣһСʱʱʼѹŴٶȷŻ󼸷ȡʤĹؼӦǾ⣬ʱ쵽ˣѾûصأĻס
ףӦǾǲǱĦ˹Ⱥ˾ȹ֮󣬱˸飬û˵ڡ
ӦǾ΢΢ͷɿһɫͷãм鷢࣬͸ѵߴĲϣֻǿеĻȴºͣһУᷴ
תԼָϵĽָ˵Լ֪
ڰ硣

һսɽվѵм
оУȫΧ˹ȥĦ˹УԼѵķѾֹ򵥵ıĴЯźвɫ˿
һ볡׼սʱͻɽһһͷĦ˹УţơĺĵɫϽӲӵ壬ʮֵҫĿӦɺһɫ˿򣬿ʼΪ͡
Щ豸ӸѧǱ߿ĶʮģӼϼȥϰſڵ˰죬õݡ
ʦǼⳡֹƫƫѵ涨ֻǸֶսûĽֹ׼ѧô㡣
޻׶ԿһϰͨսѾˣһѡǴ󵶡ѡһԳצֱ֮ϣ׵תצ
˶ѡԼó
˵ֿʼЩѧԽ˲١ʦɽԭ뿴ѵжԼĶ̴һµ
ɽ鿿ǽϣþһѾףҪ˶١ԿһѡʲôҿõĶࡣ
˵䣬Ѿʼսˡ
Ĵ󵶿磬Ѹ̧֣צס󵶣֮䣬ھ޴໥ĦŷĿӣצֱಿλץȥ
ƵóֿһֻצԭצÿգٴγȥֻεĿͷ
󵶵ѱ˫ֽס̧ߣֻצס
ϧȵľһ̣˫һţڿպݺ
ӦɺԱ߿õһһߵ̫Ưˡ
еǿ̺ͬʱֿˣʹȴҲûȥĿоѪҺˡ
ó׶Կѵڿ޻׶ԿҲ˼
ȳУץȥյסͬʱԤһУץסһŤ
Χ۵ж治ɫ̧ȹػʱץס󳷣׷ǰסԼ󣬽Ӻǡ
һͻ׵һͻ׵˴˿̴޻׶Կһʱƶ԰롣
תȻͣӵס֮ٴαŷ𻨣Ϊǻ𻨽ϡ
ݺݳһѹצĵѹͣ˳ƽͣϥ󣬾ҵʹۣĳצѹƣһһ£еĴ䡣
û߿˳ƳȺлȥֱ¡
Χȫ˼ռ
ûԼĵȻϣʼס·˴˻ᣬ񹥻
ʧȥͽֶսõȻûа취һѰԼ·ϵĿȫˣУ֡ϥ䴦ȥһöӡ
ûж㿪һſӣм粿ֱһ͡ץסᣬ̧ߣղŵλã˺
˴˻ȥûԼĴʱѾһֵֻסȥ·
ʼʩĿſӶ
һſӣָȥ
һֱעƣԤһ̸ָ˲䣬תƵһλá
ֻǼٵģƶ˲䣬һֻ̧һſֻϡ
ǿиıԼƶƣͣٸı˶򣬲帺ɴ󣬹ҲڵЧС
ȥһϣصء
е˼·֪ʲôʱ߽ѵΧ۵ľУվһ
һתͷߡ
·ضһкǴĦ˹У˶֪ͷеĶ㲻
ղܵشұٴж󡣡ֻ
ڽʱ䣬ˡ
һСʱɽ鰴¼ʱͣ֡
֣ͣ˳ֻ
һʱ죬۵ıɫˣ
û˳ְתææȥӡ󵶡
ûߡк󣬻ɽ
ûнˮ
ȥҽҿ·п
ھУе·㶣Ҳá
ǣүдǻ۵Ļ׵
ڶ޻׶ԿʤĦ˹Уһ֡ɽˣͷڹϼһʣ̧ͷһԽˣʮӺʼ
ԽǱ߿һۣȺʼ淢Ϣ
ҷƣ㾡ΪԽھǼĻɽڡ
ַ֪ˡ
ԱԽѾ޲ɱмʮϢȲˣǰм˹ȥ


176 
ҿ㡣ȥ֮ǰ, ·ͻȻһ䡣

仰߲ͣȴ㹻Խѹ֮ɫԽŨ, оԼһȥ, Ҫˡ
·ΪһƽͨԺָ, Խ˵ѧ, ˵仰ĸֵ
ԽԼҪȥ, վǰ, վһᣬѡ˱, ûѡ
վԱߵʦǻ, ׻Ӵ󣬸һ
׼ˣɽվڼʱ, ָ°ť, ӵʱ
һ˲, Խ˼ͬʱһ, ๥
.ǹȥ˲, Ҳƿ˦Խˡ
һѹ壬һڿԾ, 㿪һеĹ
ԽڰУǹϷ, һ
Ϊٶ̫죬, .ǹϵĺӧ, Ƶðڵ, ֱ, ıӳлȥǵԽ˵ĳ.ǹǲס˫ţһƻơ
ͬʱڵת˰Ȧ.ǹֱͦͦ۾һ״ɢĺӧ˦ϣ˲˼ۣɼԽһǹȶء
˵ǹ.ͷΧѿĵذ塣
˿Խ˱ıӲס˫ţӰбҪѿסӣӵһ
ԽҪӣҰ.ǹٴι
ʱ̧ŷǹ.Խձۣ̳.ǹȣǹ.ͷ׼ȡ⣬ֱӷԽ.ǹͬʱɿӣתû˦Խ˵ƨϡ
ƽͨԺѵͦãôصı˦ȥȻûơ
״и̾
һӲԽըѣΧ۵ʦʧˡ
⹥ɱˣ˳ƶΪ˻Ѳȥ²һӣרŴԽƨϡ
үüԭŤŤһ̾ѧãʦϧǵڶȻҲҪѧһѧƨɹ**
˵ʶ棬ɫ𽥱࣬Ħ˹У˹Ȼ˵ȷʵҪ
Խ˽ų.ǹ㡭⡣
սʱƣڴڼ䣬ýκθţͶӦ˵֪ͨһ䣬ۡ
΢üѧľʽ㡭ƿӡ
˵ԽˣƽͨԺԱô˵ĸÿҪѪǳ.˸衣
ɺǸóԴ̼Ӳжٶһ
ӱѹԽˣһлᣬ֮ľ롣
·ųڶԴһ˶ͻ׵ȱԽǿĹսԽܷӵø󡣡
վڴĦ˹Ӹ˵̫õĻȻɡ
ɽò·ָӣﲻֱֳôҵ⡣
·һ㶣ӦԼˡǱֺƢЦ˵ĶԣҲ˵
**УվڴĦ˹У棬ӦǾųеʱ䡣
֪ΪʲôѡʱԼ򵥵Ĵ򷨣ŴôȥʵڲܲԸ
ı㾡ʱ䣬汬ӦǾԼӣóԼеʵ
ӦǾᱬ֪ʱţֻսĻԽԽС
áӦ
ԽҲʼղԼĿ俴ֱۺȻٸߣ.ǹš
ֻֻ̧ӱҪס.ǹ
ȻԽ˲ûͣԭأڳ.ǹȥ˲䣬Ҳˣͬһȥ
ӲסʱѾ.ǹм䲿ֽ֣סм䴦
ûκڵӲڳ.ǹϻδȫɿȫȫ¶Խǰ
ǰѾ㿪һԭأһȱֱ̧𣬺͵洹ֱֱ̧.ǹ
˿ǹ.ͷѾĲӣ̧Խ˵ĳ.ǹɫѥǹ.һ̣Ƶ
.ǹϿգͷǹ.ͷԽͬʱ̧ȣֱϥǴ
ڵϵһ䣬ֱعϥǡһȵĽŵȫʧȥ֪ܲʹֻ޾⡣
ڹµ˲䣬һ˦ٴγԽ˵ƨɣһ
һӣ·һ㣬Խ˺󣬻ȣһ
ԽԼƨٴαУų.ǹڵذ֮УסԼͬʱȣıӡ
룬̧ͷӸղűԽ˵ǹ.ͷУ΢ĺףȻһ㣬Ѫ
Խٴγһ֣ԽԽϣĹԽԽͣδչ
ֻҪԽһΣƨɱҪۡ
ԽԽԽŭɱԽԽأ첻ֳһĲݡ
Ҳά֮ľ룬лӱ޵ʽ˲任һˣԡ
⡭վϢʦǿųеת˿Աߵɽ飬ڵʽġ
ɽҲֱٿǽڣӱ޵Ķ
㣬Щѧֻ߸Сʱһ죬ȻԼڶսͽʱʽȫѧȥ
κһ˿ˣ¶Ϊһֽ̳ġ
Χ۵ľУͬ𾪣Ϊ𾪵˻ɽС
Ϊɽһ̵ֽġ
ȻõɽʽɽùʽзԽ˱ǼΪľУͬѧ˲С
ɽ鲻Ц˶ѧò


177 
˼ǸΧľУһɽĽ̵, һһУĿǰһֵֽ״̬
ʮӣ˵ı
ԽϵԽԽ, ̫ȡʤˡ
Ǿ˭Ӯ·ԱѶУѧ
ʱ, ڱȽϴ󡣡ѧģɵԽ˸ơ
˴, һʮֳĦ˹УƽͨԺͻ׵ʵǰѶУУһڡ
ǰѧֻƲϴĦ˹У, ǵĴĦ˹У, ΪʵֻõһòϣĴĦ˹Уȷʵڵʵ
һ, ıӶѣԽ˵ĳ.ǹɣ˽û
ʣ°˷ӡ
ѰرӲ䣬ͶԽһֿȭ, һȭֱ沿Խ˵ͷƫ, ˲, ǴðѪ
Խ̧һԼ, ԼָϵѪ, ĿԽ䡣
˻೯Էȥ, ԷԽռ, ֱӻ, ƱҪȱУĿһʼԽȹǴ, ȻС
ϧԽ˾Ȼٶȼӿ, Ҫö, м粿صȽߵڵأδֱԽ˳ݺһš
۵ǿŵأҪ
ȷʵˡ
ԽץסͷһΪʹò԰׵סӣЦΪܺᲢۣ
˫Ѿ棬ԽסӵԽԽϢвϴԡ˫ȥԽ˵֣ǿԼһĻᡣ
㡭֪ԭȲ԰׵ΪϢж죬϶ܱ𡭡ͷ
ڡͷ˵ȥͬʱڿյ˫һԽؿڣѳ˳ڿзתһȦϥأ˫ֳڵ棬ͷΪԽץסѾˣɢΧͷҲڸղŷתʱ򣬵ڵء
˼ղŴϢУŻ
ǰ˼ͷϣŵһ£漴ߵý˵Խˣ֮ǰûȫʵӣҼʶʶ˺ʲôͬ
Խˮٳ
ȥһţͻһȭٶ϶֮ǰٴ
Χ۵УԱɫԽԽÿͻ׵ʵǿزԱ裬ǰ޷Ǿǵ**УĦ˹УԼƽͨԺУѶУʲô¡
˽Խ˵ʽȷʵ࣬רҵϵͳѵô꣬޻׶Կϣ궼һӮ
̶ֻһӣУѧᣬͬʱһԽϡ
⼸ӣɱ֮ǰһСʱĶԿȤĶࡣ·üųе˵
ѧϰǿԽ˵ʽһҡ
ץסһ˲䣬ץסԽֱۣüסԽˤڵϡ
ѵ淢صˤû꣬ԽҪʱ̧Ų֣ޱץסԽ˵Ķ̷һֻץסӽȫ̧ǽˤȥ
ȻһûԽԶԼײǽʱİرӣݺݳƨɳȥ
ӲٺãҲסȥ˲ӱѿˣϻմѪ
±ӣķʡôûƺء
ڶɽʦıӲʸӸȤˣǱ˦һξܳѪ
һˣɽ߹ʱ䵽
ƽͨԺѸǰ׼ȥԽˣܾˡ
Խ˳ŵ棬ָȶˣҲһһվ
·ʱ׽ԼݸԽˣʾˡ
ԽȻûнӹһĳҪԶ
Ӧɺͳ۵ϣݹӪҺܽĲҩĴȣԼɽͷĦ
ɽ鿴ŴĦ˹Уŵӣ
ŬʾԼЩûڹ涨дùܣе˵껰ӮһУĦ˹һ֡
غвݮζӪҺ绹һˣȥϢ
һƲգ
ɣҩСָָԼ۾ղŲûԽ˴Ϲ
Ÿȵʲô̧ͷԶԽ˿ı񣬱ֳ̧˻ӣ΢Цٶˣûˣ޻׶ԿҲˡǿͣˣǱǿ
ԽԭǿʼбԭΪܽȴδϵٴ̼һʱѪģֱһѪ

ƽͨԺĶԱ׷ǰסԽˡ
һⲻҵ¡ɡ
ˣҶˡ
·Ա߹ڴı֡
õģлл·⡣ܿ˵һ䣬Ͷһʳ÷ˡ
˿ɢĲˣ**Уѵڡ
ѧϰ㿴ˡӦǾԼǳҪᡣ
ڿ߳ѵŵԽˣϱƵĸоԽ˸ͬܡ
ǰ֮еٮٮߣűоȻһ˲ڽ£˭ܵΪصơ
ӦǾҪȥҽңг飬͵**У˷ֿ
֮˾ͽε֮ǰΪʱָӺĹϵߵñȽϽڿҲûС˵Ϊ˸õҵȱ㡣
ĸ˵УӦǾദʱ֮˾ͽμ屳΢һ㣬У󣬴оߣõһϯܽӴӦǾ
ǵ**Уָӣ𺦵**У¡תָϵĻ׽ָ̫ˡ
ԣָ˵Ļ㲻ҪǡԸøߣҲҪ
겻ֱ˳ȥ
»ԭü

µӪҺӦǾ档
ţһɷ֣רΪα׼ġ潫ӪҺƸܳ߰ӣ볡ǰȺˣϵ󡣡
ӦǾӪҺӪҺҽѧУ
ҡͷʵҪʲôȻǺӪҺҲ˾֡
ӦǾҽȻȥˡ
ãμûʲô⡣潫鱨һǱߴһݣִӦǾ

ʹ˯ѹѾ˴룬˵ϰʹ
ӷڳʱĸѾڿˡ
ߡֽţͷߡ
ʦеˣΪʲôҪıһ죬Ϣʱ䶼ûж١Թ
νҪ˵ʱء
ʱû취һ
˶룬θʦ˵**Уʦ׼
Աһ߿һߵһĵ
Ӳӣٵλתͷĸͬ۵ϵĶѣѵľǺá
лָӵĶʮ򡣡ɽ
·ĸѧ֣


178 
ǻ׶Կ, ս˫ҪõԵĻף޻׶Կ̸Ҷһ˿ı䡣ûֱ۴̼, ׶ԿȴӺ
һ, ˺ûһͷ¼õƵ
ѧʲ, У˵㡣 ʦԽ
Ħ˹Уӿȥ˰, ֱ߻йӡһ, һڻ졣

һ⼸ôУ˭˲˵һʺá
˵ȱۡ
սܱôõ̬ǿ
ʦȻ, и뷨ŵĿ»ǽ͵**Уʦ
һ˵غͼھڲ˵ĵλ
ӮˣļֵҪһΡ෴ӮˣٴκԼһǿĻ׵λ
˸ո׼ʼʱ, һȻͨѶ, Ҫۿһ
**Уʦ˵, óרŵķ¼豸, ϹԵľͷ, ʼֱ˿
׼ʼ, Ħ˹У˴վ
ǵһĴǣ͵͵ǱʦͨѶһ, **Уʦ**, ʦҲܿǱߡ
ɽ۾⣺ֹһǱ߻ͨѶ, ϲ㡣
ڿǱ, úô򡣡
**УǱ߿һ, ŤͷԽûʲô˵ģӦǾ˳˵ҵ⡣
棺֮ǰҷйؼϣû
ˣҸоӦǾڵø˫ֽ汧סԼֱۣе¡
Ǻǡһƨϣǿô
ˣԴסүԱ߱ӣӦǾͱ
棺ǶңУߡ
Ҫ㱻ɽһѰȥҪʼˡ
ʦںȥߵת˱˸ġ
ҺʱֱֱĵĻҪըˡ
׼ʮ뵹ʱʼһ˵꣬**Уʦְ¼ʱĿء
˽ף޳Ѿ޲ˣ޵ʱĶˣҺĢô࣬һһ㡣
һ뵽α޳ٴƻķգʹ
ӦǾڳ̨ϣ֪˭ӮԸԼĻļƻлӮ
Ҿü겻һĻȻӦǾв
ȷе˵ǶӦǾ
ô꣬Ϊ۹˫ǣӦǾע̫ʱˣȻ
֪ӦǾ
Ϣһ֪֪ͣˡ
ָӴһʼĿĻֻҪӮ̽˼
ӦǾĿڻϣָֻӣǶǴʱ֤
ͷǡָ֪ԶȻ׵Ҫø
ʱһ꣬վԭûжҲδ˻ţ㽩˶ʮ룬ȶˡ
ҪҲûм٣ִֻ䣬̫䵶ֱյѣŵѣ͵ƽУȥ
Ӽ꿪ʼһֱûж̫䵶ǰίһУͬʱֵСȿȥ
̧֣ͼȶϡ͵ع֮ľٴα̫䵶Ĳӣп֮ơ
㾡ȫ㿪˲ܸ̫ܵ䵶ײӶ
Ҫ޻׶ԿѪˣɱȳѪѹѪָܻ׻ˡûвϣһֱޡ
ֵڵذϣסѣڵתһȦмĽš̨ײ޴Ľײ
ӵȣٴξ͵ԵΪԲģ͵תһȦԶ뼧꣬ͬʱγֵ
Թ۵ͷе˼´εѧѧ
Ӧɺʾע󣬶ʦͨѶֱжš
ӻɽǱһֱָϵӦɺӣǣﻹ󣿡
ĸ⣬ﻹͲɫϸ򣬺ԱվñֱУǣԱȻ
Ӧɺӣ˵ҲǣûԼӾС

ڵ״ڽ״̬ƾС
˾ʱֵѾεѣÿһζ֣ڼĻǳǳĺۼÿһαпϧһΣõĻףϧҪ
ײڵļ곯ӦǾһۣܿջĿ⣬ӦǾ˵ĻΪһΪӦǾ˵ļƻû⣬ҪԼķ
ģҲʻӦǾ֤ǵ۹˫֮һʵ
˫ֱס̫䵶ǰ׵ľ롣
պôͻȻоϵӡ
ûü̫࣬ļһ

ʧˣһ̨״ǰȻʧˡ
վԭʱƿǼĵתεס
һ뼧ֱ̧ӽ߷ɣ˴ײϰǽ֮ϣҳһ޴Ķ
վһγǰٶȿ쵽Χڶ3s޷׿壬ֻܼǽǰյССķΧ֮У㿪Ĺơ
ΧľУɫ𽥱࣬˵Խ˵޻׶Կ˵ʵǿڼˢǵ֪
ٶȣͻ׵һܱȵϣϼΪͻ׵ƣߺһս϶ϣôɱ˭ɱ˭
ͬʱıҲٴ˲죬ǼôǿΣգûˣÿһζ
ûεɺϵһѵס̫䵶һգƿΧ֮ƣӶ뿪ǽڣصѵϡ
յתٶһߣʧǰһϷ
һͷ̧סĹϷƣ̫䵶ĵѾ޳Ķͷ
ޱеȣ̫䵶ĵһμ˺˫ϥһȴǱѹǹж˳ȥ
ʹĦ˹У˿һУʱ
ٶȸոѾˣôóȻһУȫ¶Է
Ĵ
Ȼ˲δվ
ĵֱӿ̫䵶ȫһ޳һѾ챩¶ײա
Ҫˡ
ڳ󲿷˳ʱһۣŹȥ˶ʮӡ
ײڣԸܵҵʹﴽһЦ
ȷʵҪˡ
ڼ껹أҪٵĻʱ»춯Ȼʧǰ
Цһѧ
ֱתסĹ̫䵶ͺϵ໥
㡭ͻȻԾûһѺϵ
ͷԼ׿ȥһε׼ز׷ڣ͸ǿķףֱƻ˷
ڼȻһ˲䣬ĺϵĵؿڣûԼε
˲Ѹٶ㿪ֻǷƻж˲ɥʧ롣
ڿ϶£Ѳͬ״ĵѾתΪֱֱֵ򼧳
Թֵûгɹֵ̽ղŷȱڣһѳԴ
Ľ


179 
վڼ, ֵսߵļϣһֻƹ䣬ǰ, Դ顣
˿˵еӱż꣬Χ˲û, ֻʣȻ
һڻǰϲ, ɫҲ临ӡ
Фʧȥս, ʿˮδ̫аˣ⻹˸ɳ
˵УĦ˹У˶㶿ųеˡ
̫ˣӼ걬ʱ, Ǳо, ٵͷȻӮߵ
ǡӮˣԱߵĻɽ
Ӯˡɽȥм͸ղżõһģһ϶µһ
ӦǾĿһĵ, ղ¶շ, ֻΪ˵һ̡
ֱطƵ, ӦǾؿ˺ܶ, һֱΪԼ׹ӡ۲쵽һ, УʱڻǺΪʱ, ֻҪףͻȻ, ΣŻֵ
ӦǾҪʱ, ںʱ, ûʱ䷴Ӧ겻, ӦǾ׼, δϵԼΪն
žžž
Ħ˹УͻȻƣźͳɫϸš
ǵĶѹԼغá
ɿԴ飬ͬʱγֵ˿ַڼ֮ϣʮų˾Ϲ
㱳ˡӦɺѡ
ײʤȤʱûء
ӻײ˻ףصԼֵһ֣ǡ
ĢҺĿǰֻô㣬ô죿Ӧɺӵʵ
ղſǼƣϵ޳϶ҪˡܲˣȰһ
˵⻰ʱأʹ޳ôһӣ
ˣСʦһѵĽĦ˹УǰһСʱ볡죬ʦǻֱζԿɢˡ
ڰֻʣͼһ׶ԿսʦǱɢˡ
ӻײڳԽ˵ķŭѹֲͬиãȻ
ӮˣôһСͻȻתˡ
Уûоüʵʵ̫ˣô죬̫аˡ
Ļ޺áӦǾߴӶջأԹǾ
ǡǾͷȥԼҾͿ԰ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷӦǾĿ⣺ҡԲ𡣡
иѶԸӦǾСҲСǹͬĴ
ô˵һƬհףһûӦǾĻõֽ
ɢ߰˰˵ʱ򣬵ȺͻȻ@
̳ˣͼƵأ㷢Ⱥ˽@ַ

үԼʱ֪ģ
̳ˣȺĿľǷƵͲͼˣ㡣
Фһù¼ƻҪʱųƶ˭ûµܣ̫̳˵ˡ
ȺҲٿһôġ
ܷһ𣿡
£һ
״ҪһݸղƵȺС

һĳҡ
ղǸôӮãĳλڻǰĸ߲ʵ
ץס˼ʤʱɵһ˲䡣˵껹˵㣬ҪƾʵӦ֡
˷Ҳãһǳģмܵѵࣿǲμӹսˣʷûǿ˵ʵǲ
ֻһ⡣˵ʶǰ˵
ǰļԪ³УδϣһǺõġ
˲ٶԡ

ôѵڵõϢһصңȥ
ȣһλáĵȣɳһǣתͷԱ۾ⳡúãǸʱץú׼
ҾԽԽǿˡһ£ҲղżٶѾˣϧô̬
ΪǿⷢԲñյռ꣬´μ϶ٷɣйƲˡ
ɽЩźԽ˺ͼûսҪ´ѵܼ
˻̱˺һᣬۣڵһѵֻų˼ûбȾ
¼ãָ˾ڹ۲ǾУȥһߵĺڳ
ɫȹʾҵԿףҽƴ¥ѪҺڵδ֪ˡڱš
ڶ쿪ʼż٣ɻУ˿ʼԼϰ߼ѵҡ߳ϰš
ײ׼ȥѵѵѶУӣ˷·ӲѶ˻˻֡
ҡФƲ죬ʮֿŵ档
ȴĦ˹УˣФԸѧֵǲΪÿαǰȥɣ˵ѹʵŻ᲻ϽҪҪҲȥһȦ
ѧޱƳһۣÿܣѵ򲻹ǣ㻹͵
Ф˵˵ѡ
һͷĦ˹УѾߣ߽ڳ
ɳӮ˹ھǱߺڳ˵ĵȼߣȥĲ㣬ܴ˽ȥ
Ȼ˵Ϊʦָ׼ģСƣǺڳҲ⡣
ȥԵ㶫һҶˡŶӵ
ǰͷʳȥ
ĺڳṹɳûκװ޶һģһֻҪɳǺڳϤ㲻İ
߽ʳߵʳ
Щǳ磿ͷʳвк͹һĶӣŻ
ү⿴űöġ
ɫ㻹ȥұóԡ
ɽһԼУȻÿӼҧһڣ꣺ζ
Ա߿˰죬Ƕ꣬ԥ
졣֮󣬱㽫һըĳӣŽУ
үűŤ˼£ȥ֮󣺡ͦóԣζ
ֵУ׳汻ץ֮˹ιʣը֮󣬻ɢʣʳΪ ӦɺӶ˶ǰǽϵ
ߵǰȻӻǲܽܣղųԹһ󣬺Ҳûôѽܡ
˰пζĳӶһ飬һλ¡
һ£ſ߽һˣɣʶ¶㡣
˻ûΪʱɴſһ·߹ֱǰ棬ֻ˼ӡ
ءӵµѹ֪˭
̧һǡ
ӵ
ôֵطǰˣˡ
ɽֳ̧סԼߣһֱСı֡
׼вҲͣȻ鲢뷢չ
ſֽһˣȻɵģû£㿴ˣר߹Ǵɳģ


180 
ǰ, һʱ˳ǰɻ߿˹
ΪʲôܿǴɳģ
İЦЦ·֪еɻ󣺡˵, ɳǺڳǱרеͼûߡ
̧ۿ, ȻɳǴߺӦɺӸղڴõͬ
ټɳǱߵĲ, Ǽλʲô壿
һ, ıɤǣ
İ˻Ȼ򣺡ңǡĪţڳĲĸˡ
סĪ֣һᣬǡٷڳ
Ī, ־򡣡
棺вٷڳĸɵȡ֡
Ǻ, ֡ĪŲǺڳĸˣܿͽ֣׿һ䡣
Ǻ, 滥ס
ǰɳٷڳ֮ǰɳõھӣ
˱һ, Ȼ֪
, 󷽷ǰɣе, ǡ 
Ȼ, ʦǱշ˹˹ԱĪЦ, ֻҪ㿴ֱһ
ԭʦ, һᡣվ, ǰк
ɳ˵ͷ, Ǵк, ֵͷԼĹԡ
ʦôںڳһ㲻ɢѧڳԱߵĪ, ʵôûϵɣ
ûϵڳ紫ˡʦھУڼܳһʱ䣬ʱ޻סĪųǰɿ˿תͷʦ߼¼һʮ̨3sףڻû˴һ¼
ԭˡ
ˣĲб3pkμӣʱ
ãǴȥ
վźһᣬĪתȥ
סĨĶɻǰ档
һʮ̨׺СӦɺӡ
ӦɺӵͷղŸ˵ʮ̨Ӧòֹ޸ǣʮ̨˿ܱȽء
һֱûߡ
˳극ûһȥ±ϳֻܷߡӦɺӳȥʣµ˹һ뿪
ߵʱ򣬽ı·ϰߣߵʱ򱳲е֮;УϵϹϵ
뿪̧ͷб¸ˣ
ĪŵͷˣҪʼˣǻȥ
ɵ㿪ԣڳ㿪Ʒҳһ޼Һȥ
Һǣ
ЦЦö

ӦɺڹսǴŻɽˣϺ󣬿ʼת
ϴε۶Ǻڳûвʲôʽ档
ûУֻ֪ǳ֮󣬷һʱ䣬ڳһƬأջٵľưڵءԼ鵽ϷȺڣ۶Ǻڳ֮󣬴ԭȾưɵλá
Ϊûв鵽ʲôõϢûȥڳطŵӡ
ϴֽǱģ֪ߺڳʲôƷߵͷֱλ
֮ǰɳѡιھıӦòǡɽƷӦò̫񣬿ֻƽĻ֡
ղǸ˵3sܻнƷһֵطеǡ
üֻһ䣬۶ӡ
֪ˡ
ҺӦɺӸ̧ͷһᣬȻָһĻȻмҺ
ŤͷȥȻ֪ʲô
ӦɺӣҺʲô
Һ3sϡٵһֻ࣬Ӧɺӽ͵
û˵˵ֹ
Һ׷仯3sܹΪԴٶƵʵĲȶԡӦɺӵɺϲѼҺڷڣ֪ΪʲôҲֲϣҲûйأ
ӦɺӵûлɹʲôϾԶܶʶڲʧµĲʳ֡
ȻǾȥõƷ˷ܵ
˼ҵĵ̣Ҫ˵˭ֶһĪ
˼Ǹողżɡ
ںڳôҺܿܳ֡
ҪҪʵ
濴ԱڴӦɺӣֻܵãҪСģǻҪȥ
λ׵˵ףʼڴ
֮ǳǩǳֿգֱӺʤȡһ峡嶼3s
淭űüڳô3s׵ɳǺڳҲôࣿ
һۣôܣϴɳǺڳ3s׵
峡ˣʣµȫ3s׵У3s׵
ȹȥţʱǱˣžǻҪȥӦɺҺȻϡ٣Ҫġ
ģҪˣҲûȥˡӦɺӵ
Ϲ˵Ӷͳղʳ˳ĸ㣬Ťͷ
ڵȺ׼˱ҧŸ㣬Ĵʵװ޺ɳǱһģһȻһºķΧһ
лŵ㵭ζ
Ҫջߣ׼̨ϵıʱȻһˡ
ǡƻɽʾ·ڶſȥǸǲȸ
ɽ¿ȥȻһϤĲ
šüô⣿ҷ·һ
ȸʧܣ̨ϱ̧ӣǵãΪ׵Ӧýˡ
ھȻúõ
ʼ
̨Ѿʼˣûٹע·ȸǿ̨м䡣
⻹ǵһοУ3sı
һ䶼3sԶԣֻ˵һ㡣̸ʧϾЩɢѧûоѧԺϵͳѧʵ΢һ㣬Ҳ֮С
Ҳˣ3sĵϲǾУ֮Ĳۿɼ
ǾУѧıȽ϶ࡣղźֻҪٿһ㣬ȫӮôûˡ
оײáӦɺŤͷҾǻÿηӶ롣
̨ӣǡͻײǢ


181 
峡̨, ԭֻ֧3spk, ʤpkһΣһھ塣
ΪٷڳͻȻ룬ʤ黹ҪٺǱһ
Ħ˹һ, ˢˢ˫ֱ, ϥһ, ҪͷͲͬ˸ճ
ղ3sػʽ, ǸӳЧֻаٷ֮ʮ࣬ЧеӦɺӿ֮, 
ôֻͣóԷʵڻЧܷӰٷֱȣǻʦҪע¡ѧʽҲҪٷ֮ʮС
̨ϴ򶷵Ļףҡͷԣ㿴ǻֱ۵չ, ֻӳٷ֮ʮӡ
Ӧɺϸһ᣺ǵĻ׺Щࡣ
Ұ·ӵĴ򷨼Ұ·ӵĻ, ɵͻ׿Ǣĸо
ⳡһֵ̨, ʱӴ˼
ںڰλ, 濴̨ϵı, ȴ֪Ҳڿǡ
±˲֪һġɿŹĻɼ, ·ЬȻǾУѵ, ˾Ȼһģһ
ǾȻĲμ̨ĪſŹĻ, ׻Щȡ
ЦЦУ, һμӡ
Ȳ˵УĻʦδ֪Һ, ֪УָҲԸðΪһõĲȥμ̨
Ħ˹Уͬ˸ԱУҪ࣬ԸΪѸ
ڿȻˡ
ϲӮϢһСʱӺɳǺڳĲٷڳһս˭Ӯý3s̨أĿԴ
ĳȥϢ˳޲ףĦ˹ģĴ
ٴγǰȸȥδ϶ԷҲתͷǿȻղ˵ƣ֪ˡ
ȸûʲôƵĶԿóûشϻһ˿˵ĵ
ۣӣʲô
˼ʱ෽һˣȸˡ
ʲô½ţ˫ֳڴϣ̽ͷ
֮ǰɳǴʱһ֣ԭΪ֪ܴںˡ
ʲôʱı
ڵǳ̧ʱе衣
šüǲǵǳûƵ˵һԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡תͷʡ
ҡͷ˵֪˻ֵǺö˶˵ıͻȻƵȫ¼ܣڳ˵ԼӰ⡣һּ⣬Ӱ
û˵Ҳֻǲ²⣬ܿʱ䵽ˣλǰֽţͷ·ۺãһ·̨ȥ
ӲȤˣѾȲǱһ죬һֹ
ûӺʹĦ˹˸ûȣʱ䲻̡ϻɽŶԷͶ֡ƾСûʲôࡣ
Ī͸Ļ̨ϵ֧飬ɫе㸴ӣ
ЦһǣӦǴӦɺӿģÿһжûʦԤλԱû׵ܡʱֱӽ֡
Ӧɺǻֶᷢߣ
ɳĬųеıȥʳӽƷҪǿߡ
ѶԷ̽ز󣬱ɴؽԷԱ߻ɽ״ٽԼǰĶŲ̄
仯̫죬ϯһ󾪺
ȻӮ
ǵøǽƷӻײ͸ߣԲգգ۾
áõġ
ȥӦɺӺͽ档
Ǽ˱ȿŻɽ
⻰ͬҲΪ˫s̫ˡ
˵Ǿ˫sһ䣬첽Ӧɺȥ
һ㶣ղǾ仰ʲô˼
֪ɽǱߣҪʲô
泯Χ˿Լ˵ȥϢҡ
Ϣҡ
óһߣǣʲô֣
ȿƵӦɺӽղ¼Ƶų
֧ĶսƵ˳һᣬͣŴ󣺡Ĺʵֻаٷ֮ʮ߰ңˮƽܲȷǻ׻˵⡣
ţӦɺʱ̧ͣƻԷǵĻ档
ӦɺӷŴĻڻ𴦣ڵܿһЩ׹죬3sûùƵĽṹûϤĸо֡
ҼƵġ
ӦɺתͷĿǰΪֹѧ3sݻǱ࣬Ӧ֪֪
ͷӹеṹ㿴
ˣ濴ĶһͷˮӦɺؿṹƵл¶Ľṹ
ƺ׹еסƣ̲ס˰ǡ˫sṹ3sṹĸϣΪʲôô
ʣأ
ӦɺӲɵһȻӦô뵽˫sṹ
ΪַһţǻƬ½ǻǩһƵĽṹ
ӦɺӷŴĻ壬˰죬ܿASĸϸṹ
ϰƹ3sSû̫ϤAǰĶԱȣ¶ܲ³
ͷһûԹƾֽṹںϣʲôرЧ
үӦɺǰ˻ӣˣܹܲ˼һЩǻʦԱ
̧ۣղźǶս壬ܲ3s˫s
ǣ죬ǻ׷3s
ɽ㻹ǲǵɳǵ񣿡
ɽͷǵá
ҺԴǴΣĻף׹ǹؽڲAϣӦøһ㡣ΪSһܳܵסһɽЩ3sõĻȫǵõ档
˼ǡûԽ˼
ӦɺӻҡͷǹƾֽṹںϾ˫s׵3sףӦõڶδ˷֡
ȷʵܡͬ˵ASУһ²ϣܴ档
ʦ˵ֱʡɽ
ϢһƬĬϢģδ̫ˡ
Ȼü̫ˡ
˳ȥźĻ
ǽʼڣõϢ̫ףǱǷֻ׵⡣ӦɺӣҪѣܷܲںϽṹ
ӦɺԥҪ졣
3s֪ߣ3sṹȼԭǺΪӣչͣһ3sʦὫȼԭѡѧ
ӦɺҪںϽṹҪӦʱ䡣
ʦġ֪ǴĦ˹Уˡ
˵֮ǰʳʦģʡ
ҺҲȥġҴͨѶ
Ȼˣ̯ƣɴʲô̡

ɹź룬üô췢ˣ
˵꣬ҶͨѶûнӡ


182 
ˡ濴Ź, ֽ˼ͳͳɹҶˡ
ǷˣɷһϢѾϰ˵, ٲȥĦ˹УʦٱǴ.
棺Ȼһ緢ˣΪʲôͨѶ
뷢Ϣȥ, ַһϢ, һϴĦ˹
潫ϢתȺ, ̧ͷӣʦҪǽϺ̸
ǽƷ͹, ٻȥ˵꣬Ϣҵű㱻ˡ
ǹԱͽƷˡ
Ӧɺӹȥ˹, 򿪡
ǼҺ̽ͷҺڵƹ³Ųɫսһţйζ
ֻӦǡӦɺСǺ, Ȼڲ, һá
˽ϣڻصϰ, Ȼеɻûм, ׵ֵĻҺ, Ǻܸˡ
˵Ҳ, ȥʱ, ѶУ, ʱ, ֱ׼ҵѶУԱˡ
Ϸ鲻ĴĦ˹У, ЩҲ֪˷ʲô
õھˣܲ˷𣿡ФƲ죬ҪѶУһιھѵ.
ʣ¼ʱ䣬Ħ˹Уӱץŷѵ
ʦ˵ˣѾרŸһźȥѵÿһǣҪȥһϰߡȻˣҪץʱѵ
ҪǽָǷ֮ǰѵУԱı֡
ˣˣмѧƺн򡣡һ磬¿ǰ
үɬʣ⼸ѧǲһѹоԼر󡣡
Ǻǣӳ˼3s⣬ûκμǼѧУڵģҲǴĦ˹У
ܼʲô𣿡ʵ
ҡͷֻ򣬲һһɹʷҪддˡ
ˣ֪ͺãרıҪעⰲȫֹޣв벻Ķ˵ɢˣϢҪ볡

֮ǰû̫սҪ飬ֻûʳҲûӪҺѵĶԿУȡõһĦ˹УǰһСʱ볡ٴռȻ
˳ǩУõս󣬿ʼ׼볡Ħ˹Уһȥ
ֱֳ߶Ծͷ˵
Ħ˹һҪ̭ľУһԾΪշ˹˹ܹھţڼ侭˶٣ŹǶŻͲתþͷſҪ볡ĴĦ˹Уһθѵȡɼٴǰ
Ħ˹УȾͷǼľͷɨ̱ģԼߣԾͷ
ɷõļһ˸ĺӣԴĦ˹ӺͺУˢˢıģһʱȻˣҲ֪Ǽɬ
ŬȻĦ˹УҲٵܻӭľУ˵˿Ѿ˵**УĦ˹У貹ǹţţһ֤һ˸
Ǳ߼ߺڿǡԼ˵̫ýҲòǺ
ܿ˵ʲôˡ泯Ǳ߿һۣͷ߽
ֱֳĹǷ׷ֱ涢ŴĦ˹Уľͷ
УһȥĿһƬʮܼ
ﲻ̫ûӦɺӴƬ̵
ͷӦҲȽ٣ȼԼڣںͿţȷǰ״̬
ԭػһʱ䣬ٴΰԼһߣŶȥ
ǰѾ˵ͼѡһϷ·յ
ֱֳ
ӴĦ˹УĿڵһλǾܵ׬ȡԴ·ŴĦ˹Унķ
Ͼ**УָŵⳡԴһĦ˹Уϰѵÿ佱Ħ˹УϳĲûֱӦǾ֡
·ҵ֮ǰӦǾָã**У˵׼λòУĻھʹڳƽ״̬
ϰ첻ÿɷ

Ħ˹УнʮСģָҪʱעΧĻֻǶֻѧϰҪͬʱй۲츽ûпʳõĶ
϶кܶߡȻյߵ
ľͱýģһߡ֣˲
ġֻ㡣
ƳһۣȥӦʦѵ
ҲүǸ棬˶ˡ
ǽСʱ֮һ**Уɹɱ޵Ĺ㲥͹
ͦ졣̧ͷ
̧ͬͷſеĹҪһԴȻѡ޶·ߡ
ָĦ˹УԴҲ࣬ٵ**УԴҲࡣ
ȵУȥ֮·һεԱȣ**УƽͨԺƺ˲٣ǰֹڽķΧʧˡ**Уλµʦ˵ӦӴһͨѶʱ򣬼Ա۾ˡ
ϸʧȥָӺ󣬵**Уֵɢɳȷʵϰתɣʦôϳ**Уı֣
ǹӦǾˡɿžͷڸУһУǿһ£˲Ϊǿ̫ǿȫԷ

ʱƣĦ˹Уߣ̫ɽʱ󲿶һϪͣ
ûȥУѲӣУָһ·ȡʳû⡣
󲿷ֶǹӺҰˣ·Ģ٣ϧ̫಻ʶĢǲҳԣֻĹӺҰˡ
ɽΧѲӣϪߣ󻹸һβ͡
ǵǼϪȫȥϴӺҰ˵ġ
Ϫ峺ףܿĶʯһƬ
ڰ߼˼ʯӣֳ̧Ϫˮӣͨˮֻ䣬û
һվڰߣˮдû⡣
ˮû㣿ڰߣ´ֻˮݡ
ûֵ̧˵۾ϪˮԶ
ѾתһŶӵϴϴҰˣˮܲܺȣ
ȳɺö
ӦɺרڱǰѧôˮʵСò˵ʦһͨͨѾԼݡ
ٱˡ
ӦɺԼõСˮʣʮӣԺȣһ¾С
˿ʼųӣһϴӺҰˣһװˮ
ԱţԷⷢ
У֮ǰڱʱǺӪҺ£ﻹգϳԵӣҰˡ
ûеζֱԣ˳ԵһŤ
УҲֻ࣬Уż֪ںʦǣ˶ڿԳԶʱޱ顣
Ħ˹˳ĲںƤԵġġɬĹӺҰˣǽһǧǧ档
Ħ˹УֱĹڣһʱͼصֳ


183 
վϪ߷, Ǳ߷װˮӸ
Ӹͷ󣬴ϸĴָ, ɫƤѣһҧȥ֭ˮȫǿġ
Ƚӹһ, ҧһڣȥ
̫, ѹûж룬ҲһĴָϸĹҧȥŻ
үĿŤץԼӣûιȥĹ˳, ֱ, ôĶôң
Ҿûáͷ˿еĻɫ, ʣһС
Ҳһˮ, ζ൫ӪֵߣȽⶾˮֶࡣү, żԵȽϺá
˵գҧһڣŻ
ǿû³, ǹɿζǻζϣˮٴŻ
ү˫ֽ汧, üŽ棺żԵҲ
棺Ż
ȥ֮, ǹɸζɼĿζ, ٳɢˡ
ǰİһֱڼط֪ʶ֪ˮζãû뵽ζˡ̬
治ɫˮɶĴָ
ζٻˣԣһζϺ䡣
ûСŰˮܷΧڡ
ζָȳζνС׼ס
ǳԲ£˻ȥһɫĹӣᣬӦûһ㡣
ֻҧһСڣɱһ飺ⶼЩʲôҰζô̼
û취̡۾ѺɫУϢȥתϢȥӰŲ
ү˵յûͱЩҰӷŵˡ
ԲԣԸҡԼе
û취ȥǿˣԼĹȫûɽԡ
ȻɽѲ֣ݹȥӣɽɫرˮֶࡣɫе̫࣬óԡ
ɽ̧ͷԥѡɫӣŽ

˵Ӳóԣ㻹šѺɫɽ𡣡
ɽǿȥ𣿡
ȲͷҲҡͷóԡ
ô˵ɽŰҧһںɫӣû
˵˲óԡﴽ̧ڿơ
ɽѾ·ж
Ѳ߶ӻϢͲɽ֮һΧѲ顣
վϪԣ档
ҲǺƵĻľӡ
ӣ
תȥӦɺӣҪһѹӣȥֻ
ӦɺӣԵȡһͨ˻
ҪҪȥɽʵ
ҡͷ˳һ£ǡ
Ӧɺü׹֮ѾȥʮˣŹߵϪߣۿ˰죬˻ᣬ˼ܣԽϪˮ档
ո̤϶ϣͷһۣߵƺһ㡣
ײڲݴзĸO@Уֱһȥ
̫Զ
ֳ̧һokƣҲ֪ܲܿ
˳һ·׷ʼûмӵټ̫Զ׼תȥ
Բ´һᣬ˹ƻöӡ
תȥţ󷽴ĸO@

ѣӡ
Ϊͬһֻӣٶ̫ˣֻòͬ˵
վԭأ˰ΣȻĳһ
ƿһݴԣе
ֻ߹ȥʱֻͺͺĹڵϡ
šü𣬹˼ͷ⣬ϰ벿ֵļҲлۡ
ָֻۡǵ˾С
еĵʲôҲûУУͷվԭء
ڴ˿̣˷ѸһһĲݼۿҪסĽš
첽ƿ֮ϣڴִ֦ϡ
ͷ棬ЩݼЩ滹һһСЩݼӵ״һ벻ֲð䶯
Ըղһֶϣ
ԭûӣվ֦ϣͷϵһ֦һϡ
֮䣬ȻйֱһͷԵڵء
ݼסơ
ֱֳ
һĻ˶ɵˣȫΪʲôͻȻִA᷸
ڸǲ׷׿̨ϵԱ
λԱˣΪ˽⡣
ԻòݼóžãԻɿĦ˹Уֱͷղ˼մԻòݼĻۡһƤӴֻۣѸ״̬һֱеܿ֡
ͷѾܿѪӹԻòݼ԰ĴĦ˹УȻʲô
һеסˡ
ⶫޣֻеֲԻþУκĴĦ˹У⡣
ѹϰʵ
ѲһԻòݾǻǰԡ˵һ룬Ȼ˶٣ˡ
ϰʵô˵
һֽⶾ裬һҪɷ־ǸղǳԵˮɶűԻòݼȫǵҿ֮ǰ˲٣ҲһʶˣԻòݼĻ۴ѪҺУԺ˵
ʱѾȥӣĦ˹Уûз⡣
ֱֳĴĦ˹УʦɫΪ԰ףǽŵͷǺ

ºһУֻǲ΢΢ĴʹУԣǹĸо
ǰδеãɵĿ֡

޳ҲûҵʵķҺкܶطҪĽʲô
ʵɻˣַĵĿ֣Ƴһ̨ûײС
ֵֹģüַ·𿴼Ħ˹У˴ܹھ
ܹھ
ȷʵֵøˡ
һᣬȻһ˿ԾʲôʱˣСмţ
оԼתˣʲô벻ֻ̫ʣ¿֡
õĿ̫֡ʵˡ
ڱǻڱ
Ȼ۾ȴֲòΪʹϣһ˲䣬֪ԼĴ
Щݾϡ
ذ䣬˫ȫݼס۾һ˫Ȼѿγذףϲݼ
ֱֳһ󾪺ΪͻȻѳΪ£ճһһѪۣ
һײײӣתȥ
3sֲͨУҲ֪ǲһֳ
ͷڣذףˣһ·ϪȥԽԽԻòݾ߱

ۣҪôǱܣʵ̸á
ֱͣתԺ׷ĲݼذײԱһϣֱӻ
е֭ˮ
ü֪Աߵ
ȻһȼЩ֭ˮ˵ȼ֭Һ
Щ֭ҺڲŻݼ
ⶫϻݼУ֭ҺȾϲݼ̿ʼѸӡЩݼʼֹͣƣڵϷҪֻá
ֽһڲܵĲݼӳ˲䣬
һڲݼϣѸٵȼ
濪ʼսζȻȻĦ˹У˵ע⡣
ߵϪߡ
ҹȥɽ˻ס
ɽ׼ԽϪʱӶеײײ˳ˡ
ЩԻòݼĻѾѪҺУֿʼðããһƬ޶˵Ŀٴӿͷ


184 
Ŭ۾, ʼ̫
Ħ˹У¹һֱͣϪߣִֻϪˮС
ɽԾϪ, 
еʶƿԼҳȥ
ɽ
ֱӰ˼ٴԾϪˮ, Ϲʲô
濴Ϻϵ˺ۣ׹ʲô, ֵס
ôˣһƬãȻ
˱۾ȥɽ£
û˵꣬ɽ㵱˹ȥ
մȾĻۡ
˿Ҫ΢΢̧ͷ, ۲, ΢ŲŲλáӦԻòݼ, ɺ, սڵĽⶾ衣
ÿУеսжнⶾ裬ֽⶾҩм֣ûг鵽ӦĽⶾ, ԱΣڵϦѿ԰, ڷܵõΡ
ԻöҩûСӦɺҵ
ˣҼǵѶУǱ߳鵽ˡսڷףҵһϸͲϵס, ְԼ, ס, ͻɽֿ
ӦɺҲŻɽȰ·ٹγϿմĻۡ
ҪҪһ㻨ۣŲԶľ
ŸʲôӦɺϸõۣǷɽ
ʯͷϣϸϵ˿ϴתͷӦɺӵۿ£Ҹ͸У
СӦɺӴӦŶ滹ʧô죿
ᣬЩԻòݼԾϪˮȰϵ˴ˡϵ˴󣬱㽫񽻸˶
̯ͼ׼һ΢ȫĵطϢطжʱ.ը.˭Ҳ֪ҹһĻǲǻƮ
ϸͲʲ֮࣬ǰʣµģֻãһۡ
ߣò̫ϳճôԻòݼĻۣѪҺƱҲ˻ۣôȻʶ
˰죬ԻòݼĽҩɷ֣һ־ˮ
ɺӣ㻹ûˮóιɽ֭ˮϴ֡ȥУӳԱû˻ʣˮһѣԣ˳㼷֭ˮöͿĨ˿ϡ
ֱֳ
·Ӧ졣
ϰҡͷǴˣʵڲܷһ롣
ƽͨԺǱƺҲ⡣ɿƽͨԺǱߣжԱܵк𹥻жˣⶾ費ָӴһȥҽҩ
ⶾû䱸ȫУеˡϰ

˿˶ǰߡ
һߡ
ϣʱעΧûƵĽⶾֲϧδҵ
ɽ΢ˣֻѪҺմȾĻֱۣι˴ˮôָʶ
ͷ˻Σųѹк֢ʼմŴЦݣܿһ
ôˣɽʽ档
жˣҲȾһ㡣濴ϵЦվӡ
ɽľӡ
ԱӦɺӴ֪ûУĵصһСӡ
Ϊʲôֶɽʵڲ⡣
Ӧɺӿһһϣʹ˾ӡ
ɽžӣŻ谵¹⣬žЦùˣ
һᣬҲ˹֣ܿѵ֪Ǽٵģͷ
ѧ㣬㳤ͦÿġһֳĿڡ
ǷεͷƵҾԼһ㡣
һ㣬ÿִڶϣգգ۾
ˣǰ߹ڸоôϾ͵ϢĵطϺúϢ
ӣôˣվǰ´ͻȻ˫ſһҸоǳ֣
֣ɽͲ㳹ѣһܵҲźһ
ˣ
Ӧɺ߹ʽ棺һˮҪҪٳԵ㣿
滹û˵ڵӦɺǰͬ´һ޶סĳ
֡ɿ֣û۹֮ÿͷҲС
ӦɺҪס죬ֱȫ˵ʲô
ĿӦɺӵ֣˿һһֻ־𣺡壬ȥҵ۹֮ͷ
Ħ˹УԱ군
ֱɵˡ
۹֮𡭡Ǹ𣿡
۹֮ǡ۹֮˵ӦǾɣ
Ӧ˶һͷֵܣ໹мƵġղŴǰӦɺӵӦǾ
ӦǾͷĻ
ԭҲӦǾÿ𣿺ٺ٣Ҷϲ
ӦǾһ3sܲÿ𣿡
ֲ´󣬸οиýֱ䣬׼ʱű⡣
һ쳤Хϸý忪ʼһνСƵ
Ҫյ۹֮ͷ
۹֮Ǳ۹֮𣿡
аԱ⡣
۹֮Ǻÿ֮Ƿܲ𻨣

־ͷһʱǷӵĦ˹Уֱ䣬ָý崴²¼¼
Զڵ۶ǵӦڣӦΪսӦˡ
Ӧ˵ı־ҪӦǾͷӦ˿ս
ӦУĿ֮ˣ²ٻ㱨
 ǡ
ߺӦ򿪴Ħ˹Уֱ䣬ǸѾû˵Ÿֹӣͷسţȫŵ档
ԱߵĽ治ͣݹȥҲٺ˵ʲô
ֻɭ֣ɽٲֻΪһ壬Ҫҵĵطʯɽ׼ǱϢһ


185 
Ħ˹ҪפĵطʯȻγɵİ, ҪȥȥֻĹУпܻʯͱϵĸֶΪֹⷢ, ȥһͻ׵, ǲȺõ, ú˸ȥ
һ㽻ɽҲֻ, ܶ˵ѡֻʣһ, Уͻ׵ȥ
ͻ׵һҪ滮ȫ·, һҲҪҵʵİЩ̫ǳʡ
Ѿ, ͱ, ȥǰ滹˳, Ы, ӦɺӸ.ǹ
мһ·û쳣, ְһ鰼ʯ죬׼һʱָвԣſſĴУʱͷƤ, ˲뵽һֶ
ߡ
Լ, ˶ɵ, ˤȥ
û°ɣôӲ, ûתͷͲϡ
ɷСߣ
õգԿԼ֡˵Լȥ
ԣӦоԼָһ𤣬һ㡭
ߣǳĴ㣬ѹûз쳣Ͼûкġ

һУҵ˺ʵİ
ܿ͵Ǹȥ׼͵˳͵·Ѹȥӣʦָȥ
Сʱ֮󣬰ɣĦ˹УϢУӵ˺׵ȫû
ɽźѣϵЦôô֣һѪۣȥϲĳͿʼڣǶŮӡ
үˮϴմ˴֣͹ȣѻʱʱ̵̿Լ֣ܸо滹һζ
һʱĦ˹УķΧʮأУӳԱͷȥӳԱΪǲ֪ϱֳͬ黹Ц
ΪָӣǳĹ֮
ٲǱ˵òھִܲܵյ㶼⡣
ǸλӣռȻĸ߶ƣվڶڣԶȥ
һᣬĻֱУѶУ
ĿǰΪֹĦ˹УδޣӹĻ˦Уܳһξ롣
ҿȻķҹ˱ͽУӵ
ͻɽûҹҲûϢһֱڿ״̬
ӦɺԭҪϢ׼һˣһʦǵĶ֣ο֡ҿܵĵתͶ˹ӣ˳Ӧɺˡ
ص˳߿
汻ѣڶڣһȦͻɽ߳
һӽһ˶ѵƻҪͻɽռƻ
õġűɨһۣ̤Ȧڣʼ¶ס
ɽҲŽȥһʼѵ
мƻŰѱεӦɺϵһȥ

һͷ**У
Ա**УһӦǾٴԼܽ£һ˽ˣӺУƣֻڼҪʱŻ֡
**Уǻʦָı˱ǳӰܴ󡣡·ŵ**Уˣ˼
ָ̫ǿǿԱıòϰɨУͷ볡Ѷӻȶ
ȥĴĦ˹УӿǸ룬ƽͨԺҲһж**УΪϻĥϽ׶ΣٶҲ̫졣
Уûʲô״նɱޡ

賿㣬Ħ˹УʼٳͻɽȦڣҲ֪˹ȥ˯˹ȥ
Ҫߵʱźˡ
˿ںЩҲûô˷ܣܿ⡣
ɽһʱƣѹѪҺڻ̫Ļۣιʳ˴ˮҪָҪʮ¡
Ѱҵ⼸ζҩɷֲֵ꣬һαʱ䣬սԻ½һϡ
Ƕ޻ǶУĦ˹ᴦơ
Ҫһǣʱ䴦״̬֢ܻ񫡣
濼ı·ߣѰҽҩɷֲֵ꣬ȳ׽嶾ء
һı·ߣֱֳԱ͹Ǳÿϧԭľ룬С
Ħ˹Уȴûκ飬սķԸȫһߡ
ùƺŴĦ˹Уһ磬ʼûмκЧĽҩɷ֡
ˮûټҰ
ҲǵѶУǽҩӦɺԼ
Աԣ̧ͷ𣿡
棺ԻòݼĻԴ湦ܣ
ʱ򣬴Ħ˹УҵһֿԽԻòݼ۵ֲ֮һ
Ӧɺӽֲϴ֮󣬵֭Ҷڣýιȡ
ӹҶӣֱӺˣɽһСڱ£סͷӲ˽ȥ
棬ɽ֢״ֺһЩȻûʲô̫仯
ûҵԻòݼⶾֲ꣬нĲҩڳЯš
˭֪᲻ỹ⡣
Ħ˹УޣֵͻɽԼУӳԱסϡ
ѹϡ
ֻӦɺߣĴ߶
նɱޣĦ˹УһιĻ͹㲥
ӦǾͷǵĻķ΢΢üǸԤϽѡ·ߣƫ˲١
Ҫôǽд㣬ҪôǴĦ˹УǱ߷ʲô½治òƫ·ߡ
ָӣжУͻȻһ
**Уӷ׷ת
ӦǾ߹ȥµļˣ촽ϣֽų鴤
ߵúúõģǼͻȻ£ӡ
ӦǾ£鼸˻ڷֱڱֲֻۡ
Ǿ綾˺ǣû˶֪޾ȴʱ̡
ˡӦǾջ֣⼸λԱĳּϷСͷԱߡ
**У4УӳԱ֣ظ
**УʱĬûлУͨС
ӦǾɨˣָҪʱעܱߵĻѵָӡ
ֱֳ
£һ˵壬˭õܹھ·żУͷŶȫϳԿУٶһμӿˡ
ʱðˡϰ滹кܳһ·Ҫߡ
ƽͨԺǱҲһֱҲʲôҩͷĽҲʺȥⶾֻѶУĽⶾܹȴĦ˹УƽͨԺɶżУľͷȥ󣬻ûⶾɷֲ꣬ΪƽͨԺʹĦ˹У档
Ȼһ󣬴Ħ˹УƽͨԺʼûҵȫĽҩֲꡣ
ȵѶУĹĻһʱУٴθı·ߣѶУǸߡ


186 
ֲ˳, ´Ħ˹Уٴθı·ߣΪԭ·⣬ûҵѶУƽͨԺĶ顣
ƽͨԺĻӰԼУӼж, ̧š·ʱ׼Ħ˹У, ǰôý, ȻֻȻ侲ɨ

·ʱ׶һ, Ǹ˰̵˾Ȼ, Լ֮ǰĹ㲥Ħ˹УնɱҲǼͷ˫s, ôصˡ
֮£Ħ˹Уϵ˺, Ͽһ, ƽͨԺһʱЩɲ, ĴĦ˹У¡
·ʱżҪѶУҪⶾ, ԸʹĦ˹УͻŶһ, ʾߡ
泯Լ鿴һۣǰһСҪǰ淽ߡ
״·ʱ΢΢һֻײ϶ѡ
һ, ͷ, Ħ˹УԱҲϡ, ܡ
ҲȥѶУĽⶾ裡·ʱ˲䷴Ӧ, ̵
Խ׷ȥ
ϽܡŤͷƽͨԺ׷һμܡ
ͷһоУܣУ
ھҵҵնɱޣС۲ΧѶУԱȻ֪УǱ
ҹѶУѾҵʵĵطͣϢ
Ħ˹УҲû߶ԶФԸѧֵһΪϳھʱٵѵһСʱߵرԶָǲߵһ룬Ǿõھˡ·û߶ԶҲûնɱ٣ңǽ
ûô򵥡ѧ˫ֽ°ͣ˼Ħ˹Уıʲô
ıʲôФмҲǵ¡
ʮǧأѶУҲ͸ոոУ
ФȥѲߣŶڸתƣ֪ΪʲôǾñ쬵ġ
㿴ұ·𣿡ФץסŵһУӳԱʵ
ûƣúõġ
֡ФԼıûʲô쳣

ԭѶУλãƲǿͣλӣܵʱԥ
ֻƽͨԺ׷ᣬǷʤ
ǰ档ɽ̽·Ѿѹˡ
ͷ׼˶һ㡣
ڿҪӽѶУѲ߷ʱͣɽ׼гʱϹƽͨԺⷢ޴
Ф̷ѶУ顣
Ħ˹Уô͵Ϯ˲̫ðɣ·ʱ˵ѶУ
Ħ˹У
˵ƽͨԺ·ʱס

ƽͨԺϹ·ʱ׼ѶУԼĦ˹УָӴкȴδϵͻȻһˣЮФ
٣Фһ
ƽͨԺǱ߷Ф㴦ڽ䱸״̬Уȫû뵽Ȼƿذ׼ϡ
һתͷһ˰ŵðֻ
ФԿۣɷ죡
Ф
΢Ц֣Фк
ⲨʼδФ㶣ܡ죬һ䴦
Фֱ泯ԼУĶ飬˫ϥˣֳһţϰڵϣ࣬ʹȻķҷ˸ܵĽӴ
ԭղűһء
Ф˻ں޵ˮ
Ħ˹УǱҲδϵͻȻڵǱߣѶУФ
ʲôѧ߹ŴĦ˹УƽͨԺĿͣƬֿ̣ƽͨԺǱ̧߱ŵˣ׹һ㣺Ҫⶾ裿
Žⶾ裬һͷ3sޡ·ʱֱס
ѧֲĻ棺Ħ˹Уʲô˼
ҪһŽⶾ衣
ǵѧʡ
ѶУһŽⶾ裬Ǳ㲻ɱФָµ˵
ѧֱЦˣǴĦ˹Уޱָӡ
˿ѧֵĻȻ㲻ںФ̸̸֣֣
㣡ѧ̺ͣҿԸһš
أ·ʱ
һŽⶾ裬һͷ3sޡѧ
Уԭ˵·ʱʾⱳĶԱжֻ̧Աֵ޶һ˲ֵһͷ3sޡ
·ָ⻰˵Ŀ湻ĵġѧƽͨԶЩУӳԱ
ԽתЩ˿ȥһʶѾԵУӳԱȻ³ּ
㲥
·ʱµָӽ첻Ӧǲǽһᡣ
ƨФȻڵϣǼǿط
ŲٴȻФֵͷ۲󡣡
Ф۸˾ˣ㲻Ҫ˺ġװ˭ң˵һУ
ذףõФϻȥ
ФʱˣýⶾĦ˹ˣ̬ˣ
˵Сһ䣺ԣ̬
Ȼ֣ܻڣФͷһġ
һƷȻķҷϧܣҲٿ·ҷ
ѧûۿȥóһŽⶾݸ棺
ӹⶾ裬Ǳȥ˷ˡ
òץˣš
 
׼ⶾǿιѹܷˣӦɺӵǰ֮
ûȫӴΪһȭб
ʹűӶ
Уˣ
桤ײϡ
˰죬ָŶ
һ鲻Խʼڡ
ѽⶾСİݸιԡ
ŮӣǳԵģ¾ͰѴŽⶾĹӳˡ
˼Ӻǣ˾ͷˡ
ֱֳ
մȾ̫ԻòݼۣⶾȥҲһʱܳ׺áɵ
ҪԼŽⶾ裿ϰʡ
ҡͷǣֻҪһŽⶾɣѾָǣʱڣܻǻᱻ󣬱硭˴ڡ
·ЦǶ˴ڵıܡ
ɲĻ

Σ𣿡·ʱ׼Ħ˹УѾõԼҪģѸ뿪󣬱ٴʸѧ֣Ȼս׼
ѧû뵽ϻٵľУһںܸˣĦ˹УƽͨԺΪⶾ裬òأᣬѶУֶ˻ᡣ
ԣϣǼǵԼĳŵѧָ˽ⶾ衣
ѶУ鵽Ľⶾ࣬ȻһЩû̫ʧ
ƽͨԺһߣФĨһ³ΪʲôҪǣǳһ׵ʤ󡣡
ƽͨԺ˶Ƿӣǲ𡣡ѧתѶĶԱҲϢһʱ䣬ڸ·
ԣʧһɨĿǰΪֹ˵**Уǰ⣬Уڸľ롣
Ѷл


187 
ƽͨԺ˾ͽǵ㲥תͷ, һУӳԱ
**Уӷ׷׿ӦǾǾʵʱ򣬳һԱƽͨԺʲôǣ
ӦǾ̧ԶĹǸѶУ
ѶǾЩ, У, ƽͨԺ˳֣
ӦǾ, ʼδٴֵĹ㲥׹
·ߡս͹㲥Ƶ, Щۺ, ֻܵóһۡӦǾƽͨԺѶУҪⶾ裬жˡ
곯ӦǾһ, ַΧ̫󣬼3sָӣ̶̰ʱ, Ҳ֪ܽʶס, ж̫ˡ
볡ʼ, ӦǾ, ѹ̯ΧĻ, **УֻҪնɱޱˡ
ܺӦǾȽϵָӣֻУĸ
֪Ƕֻǽˡ˼
һˣ϶Ƕˡ˾ͽκԥ
˵䣬ӦǾѾϢ, Ħ˹У
Ϊֹ, Ħ˹У㲥ֹֻһ, ҾƫӦǾ롣
, вǴĦ˹УԼУǰ߽ʱ٣˽Բע⣬ᱻλ
ӦǾʶϵĺɫͷѾȥˣľԽԽǿ

Ǽһָǰ˻ΣһĿˡ
ˣúϢһϡ߹һҪʼ·ˡ
Ǹ֮ǰӦȥ档Ҳû뵽⣬ڴĦ˹У֮ǰȫʧ
Ұ̫ˡԱߣݸһ֧ҩ࣬ڻȥ̡
ˣʱƲõģָܻϧʱ޷ʹƲգֻܵȱȥ
û¡ӹҩ࣬Ҫһߣ
·ߡֻǺ֮ǰ򵥵·߲ͬα쵫Ѷȼӱ·ߣˣϢ
Լҩ󣬱˯ڼ״ڡ
ĺɫԼͬɫѪҺӿ䣬ѹ֡ڰԼ˷ܡ
վڿհһƬķڣЩɫѪҺӿǽû˺ɫսƤѥЬףЬ棬ɫͺɫںһ
Щ죬ͷŻڲġɫѪҺϷϸŲŷЩɫѪҺһֻһֻɫСں϶ɡ
ɫѪҺڼӿûСȣǴȡ
޿ˣܱյģûдûţֻͲ֪ӿġɫѪҺ
оɫѪҺҪûԼĿڱǣϢС
ȻϥֳŶͷѹͷѾϸܵ亹
֪Ϊʲôö˶˻ΣҲ˯ȥˣȥҹ
ôˣɽʵ
˯ˡֽţҶ̫ǵж֮ʲôǲǵã
ǵáɽ㲻ǵˣ
ҡͷ벻
Ļ̫࣬Ҫһʱ˼ɽ˵ʼûзܱߵġ
״ȥϢҹ
ɽͷУ
ҹֱֳһƬϯĹҲ˯ȥһ롣ΪۿֱµԣϯȽʣȫ˯
ǷʱŵԱһҲٽˡ
ϰȥϢˣֱͷ·ɡ
˳Ĭﶢֱͷʱ˿̣оУϢУڿǰС
ǱСϰָֻӻУӳԱ϶ж˽⡣ٶȲಢ֮ǰΪסűѶУһѾѶУǰƶ
ĿǰƣУλöֻ࣬е**У΢ǰ·סͲһӣɵ
ɲĿһһɨеֱͷȷе˵Уľ붼࣬**Уһ·նɱޣӦǾ֣Ҳû̫
ȥˣʱضпκһУǰ档
·һסͲһֱֻϣסԼ˵ʱΣ˵Ħ˹УɳǺڳ˹ھǰѵֽģ
Щ飬Ĳ㣿Ǹʱ䵽ˡ
·תͷȥɣĿ⸴
졣
Уһ㶼һ㲥
Уնɱ4ͷ3sޣ56ͷSޡ
Ħ˹У
󲿷˶ѣѸۣԸߴŰذףһһ֮󣬱ûٿ
ͷǵĿǰУλڶ
УơӦɺӺȵ
۶ǺɳΪǰʵеԿˣѶһ㣬û̫
ôͷޣУһû˯ߵԱߣҡͷ˲úϢȻҹ
**У
ڹ㲥֮ǰ**УѾʼյߣֻûϵһҹ֮䣬У׷ô
ӦǾתͷ֮󣬱Ǽǰûκβ
ҪҪúУ׼Ǿʵ
Уһ䡣˾ͽƲ졣
ӦǾǰǵĦ˹Уûн̻κεˣҪĵ
˾ͽΣǡ
ȴĦ˹УôǿУҲôǿˣУõҲֻΪá
ƽͨԺ
Ӱˡһڳ׼Խˣ㲥Ĺǰ
ǡ·ʱ׿һѳԼĵƬţ³֣鷳
ȥһıԽԽǵգУһš
·ʱΪ3sָӣӦҪʱ̱侲ֻеһС
УߵǰȥˣӰɫжѾָ˴룬Ȼдǿ
·ʱһ**УУӦǵһڶҪУ롣
·ԽǰͷƽͨԺĶԱյȥ
ѶУ
ҹٽⶾѶУϢһСʱ䣬·΢΢Уնɱ޵Ĺ㲥
Ȼߵǰ档ФһޣҪٳǡ
ԭǰ볡ߵǰҲµ
ҡФż±֮Աǣ3sʾǲһ˵Ҳ˲١
3s޹ء
»˵Ф㵱棬˫ָסԼĶ䣬ȫȥ
´ͷɷʡ
˺̧ͷ·ʲôҲû˵Զˡ
Фһɣ켪ߵеɾ䣬͵͵ɡ

ͷߣУ֧ˮӲͬķյ㡮Ƭ㼯
ÿһУ;վжԵĶֲвȫûмʶĶ
ǲҪˣϰ춢ֱͷĻȻԱߵˡ


188 
δ𡢵δ𡪡
δεҶ桭
ֻһ˲, ԭȻתΪꡣ
ʱһס°, ׼
ﲻǹ, ˮûӦɺӿһ۵
, ΪԼ, һʱûӦ
˶, ǰ, ƬҶ, Լ, ǸԴһꡣ
ӽˮ𣿡չʡ
ҲػĬĬ̧ŲЬϡ
ʪˮ, һ˵, ֻ¿ζɢ˼, ϲá
ɽһ, ˲٣ȴѵʪ͸ϵĲʸС
ôһʱ䣬ʼûҪͣļ, Խʪ, սѥڵϣӡ׵Ľӡȡ
첽ǰ棺С, жðˡ
ü, ޣ
, , һƬð΢΢ͷۣұߣˣ
ۡһŹֵڡ
˵ֶָŸϺȻðһĢ
Ž˵껰ֿʼϿðĢ

Ӫ񣬼ˮĽĢͻٳȥܡ
ûͦɰġԼðĢ¼
ɽˣߡ
ûٹЩĢĢ̫ˣܼ·涼ռġĦ˹УҪߣֻܲĢϡ
ЩĢǴѩĻѩ·棬ʱرЬӲȱ⡣
鶥ŴǰѥȱɫĢһֱˮˢɢһĢеζ
ֱֳ
ϰǾ仰㿪ʼ´꣬Уһ⣬Զǰ
ΨһһλûбʪˣֻӦǾʵ廯ΪԼһס꣬ûйܶеκһˡ
**УĶԱв΢ǲܵģǵȻ֪ӦǾѾӵһ˻ŵ**УˣڴҺѲȥ룬ûаָŪĻǿԱӦǾš
Ģô𣿡üʽֻǴĦ˹УǱĢˣУµ·ҲĢ
꣬ĢȻ᳤ؿڣ˵ô˵һɲ
̨ϣֱͷܾʲô©ˡ

ʲô涢ʡ
ţȻʼڣֳ죬֮ǰÿ˴٬ȫͬԵмֹ졣
Ħ˹У˶ʼע治òͣ
ңֲʪ¶ڣʮ޹ʲôǺܸˡ
ʲô
Ħ˹У˶״̬Ծ
ⶾûãôֿʼˣת˺üȦȫĳ⡣
ң
УͻȻ˴󺰵
ֻǷһѡСӻ׵Լͬӵָӵ
˹ȥʲô
׵ָӸղŲˤӣַһѡ
Ǹ󺰵ָӱԼֱۣһԣЩʵ״̬
涢ָӣʶɫȾ£Ҫ̽ǸСָӣ̧ͷһ˵۾ȫɫϴаЦ
٣
һ̣ÿ˳ԭء
ܣ
һڶԽܣĦ˹У˶⸱ģ
棡棡ɽץסһ߼ҡҡ
գգ۾һοΧˣһΧʮ
ղôˣɽۿ⼸˶ù졣
֪ˡҸող˻þѹø֪ȥ̽ǸСָӣѹ
УкüҲֲ֢ͬ״ʹ౧ͷ£ֱӽף
ˡһ䣬ͬʱףѹס
Ϊ̨ͻȻֵĻףĦ˹Уɢ㿪ס
ͬҲУϣӻУӣ㱵˲
ֱֳȫɵˡ
ȫ֪ͻȻ仯ĳ档
ˮ⣿ϰʶΪˮɵġ
üžͷû⡣
ǾֻʣĢˡ·һһֱָͷĹͬˮֻʣĢ
ЩĢû⡣УָʦжĢȥŻˣûǡ
ã췽˹֪ͨ߿еķҲƵ⡣
ϰҡͷڵ˶⣬ֻˮ
֪ͨϵˣرտѭˮڣвѭ·췽˵
ܿ췢͹ȥСʱ֮󣬸ϲٳƵ
ⳡ˻ȷˮ⡣
ɲţ꼾ڣÿ춼ꡣˮȴӰǣôҲš
ûٿֱҵֱطţ¹۲꿪ʼУı֡
Ħ˹У**УԼƽͨԺδκʲôûнӴǺȻ˳⡣
ǰѶУŬյϣߵ·ɽ··ʯӽ϶࣬ºĢܶȻûУǱ߿졣
ۣԱѶУУֵһʱ䣬ѶУʱУҪ
ȳѶУӳԱФţȻǰܣѵˣҪǼ³ְ˴ˣФһöҪԼѵˡ
ȫ˻ǿõɫۺɫƨɺ滹̳֡ˡ
ɣ
µȥһֻǰФ·ʱ䣬ʲô
ҶΪФԱţֱ侵ͷĸʱκ˶ࡣ
ͷڣФֻһԱͬ£˵һʹĦ˹УƵĻ
ѶУڴи·һЩĢʯӷðֻһŲȹȥֻФһֻĢСģûͦ¡
ȻְֻĢϸԼѵǰĿڴϡ
ʮ֮ФͻȻ񾭣Ҫ㱼
ü½ƵˣФ¿ĢǸ˲䣬ͼȥشĦ˹УĢ˲䡣
ŽͼԱȣĢһƽƽ棬еأ׻ɫɡñɡɫжĢĻĢȫǺĢ
ɿĢƷ֣̫ͨˣֲͨĢͿʳĢʲô
һ㣬ȫȷĢϣܲФĢÿɰôһ㣬ƫƫԱߵ˻ûз˵ĻǱʲôԻһ
ɽԼķָˣȥһˣܲܲĢ
˿̣ڣǴȾһУԱʱʱ˳⡣һǰæѣһԼҲˡ
ֻǳԼڣ˻񹥻Χˣ˾͵£ˡ
УǰδеС


189 
ˣ
ˮ˳۽ǻ, һʱֲˮˮ
ӵһ˳󣬴Ħ˹У˽Ӷʼָ, Ա, ɽ桢Ӧɺ
ڻɽʪŢĵ, ۾һ, ˮˢ
, һʾ˯
һҪȥ, , Ҳ֪ʲôë, ͶΧϷ
ˡ
ǰ͵ʲô޻Ƕ, ߸պһü, սֱ½
ֱҪ߻ɽһɽֱ, ͱĿˡ
ңŭ, Ҫ߻ɽ
ȻԭؿʼܣմཬѣԼˣڻɽ, һԼ˯, 顣
ЩѣҰѹסֻУӳԱ˿öһ
, ɽѹڵ϶, ˰, ߡʪϼ, ټһһȣϯˡ
ڸʲôһδȫԱȾĿֲѹ
ָˣϽ취£Ȼɵˡķ裬ɵɵżѹָֻ֮ǰӡ
ʲôɨĦ˹УˣЩ˺һԼĻþУ
ǽ컹ûüԶôжżѾӵһݶӵû뵽¡
һһǶ˼Ƭ̵
ܣСժҰӶһͬһ֣οǽûгԶӦɺ˵꣬ȻӹһС£ʼԱ
һʼΪӦɺʲô֣߹ȥֻǵѡ
ַˡ˾ռߵ׼ʽҪôʱֿʼԭأһ
ˣӳֻʣүһˡ
үеôѹ˶ˡ
ʱ˫ֲ嶵ɵ߹ؿ
ҪҪæƬժҶ
үӣΣˣλ˻ڡӪҵ
Ұ⼸˴ţǰȫߣСһһǱҡ
Ȼǰһɽ
һӵԭϣǰڻɽϣֽͬһϡȻһ˴һȭӣȻȻ
Ӧɺӡ
ӦɺӲᣬֱӽŲϣŪϡ
Ҫۣϧһͱס
ȫһһȦȻһˣ
һһȭȥԱò̫ˡ
Ħ˹УǰżгԱѴ󲿶ӣԹȥ׷
ֱֳĦ˹Уʦ򿴵ľսΪĦ˹УˣÿУֻ֪УҲͬƵ£Уѧ͸ࡣ
Ψһѵ飬ȥ׷ľУʱڽվ
ѵ3sֻһˡ
Ħ˹УʦǻڵԼѧϯһƬɧҡ
ô£üŹϯǱߡ
ֱۣʾͷ**УǱߡ
Լˡ
Ҫںģȫû뵽Զѳ֡
ûȫǳвãӦǾø֪ŪΡ
ҪҪ֣УʦͣҲԡ
УʦٱһΡ
ͣɹˣ·Уʦλ̨˷ͲѾ鵽ô£
ռϷڹĻϣ**ĢÿһΣΪزΧڣУû
һ׹ˣʵԶ죬Χµ˲ż**Ģ
ɼͣĢڣֻоʱ䣬ŻһˮҸղҵ˵**ĢóڶĢУһ۶ϣ߲飬ɡеһЩɷֱ˳ſĴӣ˲**߷Ŵںһ¡
ϰ춢ÿУ·棬ĢսѥײˮУбȻ**Ģ
Щѧô죿ϰʵ
֮ͣЩ**ĢֹֻͣҪӱǰУ𽥻ָɨֱͷֻǲ֪Уܳŵͣ
ͺ󣬹ۿˡ
˲**򼧳֮꣬ʲôìܣ
ѶУФԭϲ㱼
ΪʲôĦ˹УĻɽڵ˯
ͦġ

УԱĦ˹Уνճ**ԵñȽ֡
ڵµûûˣʼûбСƣУ·ѾʼˣΪָʱʱ޷ŴѵʱԽԽ١
ӦǾ꿪ʼǿ𣬱һֱʹʵϣǵĶΣ**ĢɷֵĿͬЧ
Ӷڵ˳ӦǾѾųǹͬӴжųֻʣһĿƹսĿ˽ŵõĢС
3sָӱӵйĿı죬οӦǾǳ3sǵ֮ǰ·ʱмĢ
ʶĢ޳ʣ¼Ģ֪ʲôƷֻ֣һֻҰɫĢƵس·ϡ
ܱӦǾ̩ͣȥժǸĢ
̩Ģϣָӣ
ӦǾһᣬûκٵͷŽ±Ģ̩½Ģš顣
̩Ģѹ֭ˣûκ쳣
ֱֳ
Ǹ̾ӦǾͬʱ־̩µı֣ѧȻûбշŴ󣬻**ĢҪʲô
ӦǾȥ̩еĢʱûзӦûйൣġ
ڣӦǾһЩĢָڱ·ᣬ͵Ģûʲôرġ
ˡ
ӦǾһ£˫ִ£ܱߵʵ廯ɢϡ·ϡ
ֱֳʦ뵹һˣ
˼һУܱû**Ģǳ3sָӱ**֧䡣·һĻ֪ǳǳ
**Уָٴεߡ
ӦǾٳʵ廯ϣٴ˳յȥٴκγԱ
̩֪Ҫô·ôóȻǰߣޣȫûˡ
**Уֻͣԭפȫû
̩һΪܱУӳԱɹйԵ˱ѵ˿ţ
˭ûгģվȫ߱µֻʣ̩¡
վˣʮˡ
ãǸңȥΧĢǸղҰεһ֡
̩´һСӴûܱѲ߲ΧĢżĿӦǾϣĬĬ룺ָӿ


190 
**У׼Ģ, ΢˵**УʦΪָие𾪵ģڵǵľУָ
Ȼûôףһ·߹, һǧ˵Ķ, **Ģ̫, У֮, Ҳø߿иڵУһʱᣬû취Щζ
ΨһܽˣӦǾ, ʵ廯, ˵ɷ֡
ϧӦǾ˿һ, Ը꣬Ҳ֪
̩´һȦֻǸóĳ, û١
Χ, оȻ˲١
ϸָֻӲ, ֱ֧Ҫȫûˡ
ûȥ
̩¸ܴⲻʮȥյ, ִ򲻹߽ޡ
ѵĻʦûУ̩վʵ
ʮ˾֣̩»û˵м˷֣Ȼֿʼˡ
ץѵʱ, ȡѷ̩˵Ӧ
еĻʦܱҲˣʦֻ, ߡ
̩£
ǼʮӦĻʦ, еǶ, ʲôʦǸ, ʲôأ޵緹ң
ʦǣ
˼ҴĦ˹УĻʦ޴أǾֻ޻ףٻˡ̩ǰ˵Ҫھ
ʦǣǷߣ
̩Ǿ취ͷڵԴ
˶УȻܣҪӴϣֻҪѹ**Улᡣ
**УĻʦǿʼĥôߣһһֿʼȺòѹ½һ顣
ʱһţʼû

Ħ˹УнٶȾȻУڱȽϿһ֧顣
ԭмһǹѡֱȽ٣м˵ľУǻ׵ǻʦָӡһͿʼڽڣҪɻ׵´ġ
ϧ
Ħ˹УлʦָӵĻף߳ǿ·ߣԼ㡣ܿ⼸˾ͱס
ʣ´󲿷־УԸֵ£˫ֺʮվ֪ʲô
һԭˣõóͷβ
ߵĻǣһǱңɲɣ
ɣ
ˣޡֻҪǮ͸ɣʱ費Ҫæ
һûгԶ浽ڻûӿ־ѹУѵָӲ࣬ʱ·һƬҰҲ֪ܲܳԡ
ʱ˵ԼʶֻҪǮָԽ
ʶҰ
ʶǸ˭ʱܶΡ֤
ʵѵڼ䣬ڳԷʱЩ֪ʶ飬ʱԱߣ˳ס֮ǰԻòݼʱֿ֪ȼҺҲǴӽ濴ʱ鵽һۡ
Щֲ˽棬ֻ֪
һǱҡԥȥ󣬵ѹͲϡ
Ħ˹УȻ˶ӵ״£ǰ
ò̫ѹԼͻɽӦɺӰһҪɰ
С΢΢һЦҵһ򡣡
棺
ԱߵӦɺʼûѹ˫ֳǰţҪȥ֣ͣɼǿسǰ֡
ӦɺӣһҪͣ

۶ĳӦɺӸĸԼӵĶΣӦĸɺǡСʱǲ͵£
ӵܺҪȥԸ֪Ӧɺӱ3s󣬱ӵҡ
Ǳ߹ɭϣݲúӦɺȫϣȫǺӣҪøӦǾһȥʱĸˡ
Լ涼УӦǾȥӦɺӸĸȻá
û뵽ӦɺӾȻִ

״̬˼ǰߣߵһͣǱж
ϢͣһᣬҲԾˣߣд׷˹
Ħ˹У˰Ųˣһϼ߸ϡ
˿̣һУͷȫģʽᷢУڵķλдڱƽУȻҲ𽥷쳣ʼơ
УȫһĿ
һСʱ
٣үɵˡ
У**УƽͨԺѶУȫ⡣
ҪмǱүΪУҪΧĦ˹У
ڸУѵԱ࣬**УȫûУֻѶУʶϰͨƽͨԺѵֻʣСƾһˡ
Сƾأ
Լ񣬲СƾصϣתȥѾܵڶдڸϹ
һȦУָȫˣ**УӦǾޱվڸĺ󣬲ȷӦǾָǣ
Ģ˱ڵӣָŹ֮ˣûлʦߣ̩һ**Ģ
ϰͨϵĢФ֮ǰԼ¿ڴڣȻͿʼ㱼
ѶУĻʦû˻
õĴȻǲᡣ
УУֻдĦ˹У˾˵ᡣ
Σ˱ˣУѵĻʦȫۼһóϣͼŻߵĻʦһ
󲿷־УûʲôϣУӶС
Ǵ˶ɵˣֻЩ֫ˣɨһȦָУѵԱûһӵġ
ԣУĬĬ
жү
Ҳѵġ
ָָѵ
һŶҲɵˣǱ濴
Ļһȭϡ
һһ򣡡ʹæ
ͣ֡
Թ۵̩£Ȼɵˡ
ķߣȸսǿˡϰͨŻʦǱߵ
ôսǿʡ
ΪУȻϣԼԱѹ
֮ǰѵӦܿóǿļλλ΢΢һЦļ
ϰͨüĻҪߡһȸӦǾθƽͨԺԽˡ
ǮĻֹһ䣬ȷʵ̫Ҫ
ǵڶӦøꡣ̩ΪԼУȡ棬ָӺԼڵĵϸãնɱޡ
ϰͨѡԽˣ޷ƽͨԺǣƵ**У
ȺѾԽԽˣУӳԱظо𶯡
һ߳ӦǾãϡѾܿԶڵ㣬ˣܲ϶٣ܻУ֮ǽޡ
ʦǱѾڷƴ٣ⶫȻûл׸ӣûˣʵٶ޷̫졣
Ħ˹УܱСӵλʦٶõһŷߣ˿ȺȻƽ
šλУӻʦӸ
ȥӦǾһѾףΧԾȥ
˭ӦǾ
ԶԶÿǸ


191 
**ĢֻӰ, Ӱޣϰ쿴УΧм䣬ʶ
üҲ**ĢûоۼƵ޳
ҲǱ, ʦ֮ǰ˵**ĢҪ⵽ƻ, еɷƮɢ, ŻӰˡϰǰû, ӦΪ**Ģû⵽ƻԲûоۼޡ
ûٷϣϰ˵ûĿǰȷʵĿԾԭ
ȫѵ˷ɢΧһȦ, ӭ, ߽Ͼ͹, Ǽָӣֵ߽޵ľ񹥻
ŷߣֱһȥ
ղע⵽һ, , Ҫ, Ҷ, ûж࿴
Ȼ˵Ҫѷ߸Ϊÿˣԥ֮ǰǸȥ
˶ʪ͸ٶǱ, ΨվȺ, 㳤ʪ͸, ҲÿĹ֡
ȥ, վǰ, ۾̲סһֳĿڡ

ֱֳ꣬˫˴꣬Σֻһ١
ż죬οڣȥǴδֿڣȫǶò毺õľУġӦǾһǴһΣ̰ɫ֮ļֱȻҡ
λô󣿡ҧгݵǰôûǴͷСɫߣ
ڣӦǾ̧ɫ˫ûгֻǰŶԷ
ĳˣ͸۾Ȼһ㲻ڣëǱˮʪһ
֪ˮɵģʶ뵽ᡣ
һεˣƱҪɵֺֿá
ϡߵݸ
ӦǾۿеķߣȻ̧ͷΧʼûȥӡ
ַǰӡ
٣һӦǾϣնɱһͷޣתߴ󺰣߽޿ˣ
ӦǾ
һӦֻ߾һ򣬶Ƕ˵֡
ӦǾԼ֣Ȼ޶ԡ
ߣҪϡ
ӦǾʶˣסֱۣ˻
ѾӦǾƫͼ㿪ס°̶ãٽߴȥһ׶ˮ
ӦǾϱϷǰ̧ۿʪë£ƽ֪ΪúȻһ˿Ρ
׻һռϷ磬ӦǾߺǰһ°ͼ˫ƹ򣬰ӦǾ÷ߵӡ
˺һӦǾϴõߣü˸ָһ֣
ǴϷߣãӦǾδѹֱ̧볶ߡ
š׾ץס˫֡
ڵĴ˿ûм˫סӦǾʱ̶ȦǱ߼״̬Ѿ̫ãûָϣ߽޶ǽеľţؽ˵жٶȡ
֮ǰ**УֲãʧȥָⷽϵΪϸ**УԵޣֻһСȺǸ߽ޣҲֻиλԵ޳߽޲٣ĸų̶ȲϵӣѾصĳ̶ȡ
ûӦԽԽץסʵ
ʲôѣ׽˵Ļʲô˼Ŭ˼
һ룬һգתͷ𶯡
ſӦǾѾѹĿȻƽȻѾһ·Ϸ£Ʋڵ
ʶңԼ֣ʶ֡
ôǵʶˣ˵һ棬ǡ
ӦǾԿڡ
Ļû˵꣬㷢ֵ״ãֱվԭأͷŸ֪ȦĻ׵֪ϡ
߽޵ľ񹥻ױǶʱһսٶҲѸ
һӦǾסǸ򡣡޵ľ񹥻˲٣ָ෽Ǹλõ
ڲ״ִ̬Ǯһ⻰̽ףʼȦȥ
ĿǰУѹָӣֻӦǾһĸ֪㹻Уĵǣࡣ
֪Ϻ󣬱㽫ȫעȦϡ
ֱֳ
ûǴĻӦǾʵ廯֪ϿԵס**Ģ·˼ȫԽʵ廯ϣѹҲߡ
ϰ췴ͬӦǾڵĿǰЩУܹһûҪֱӦǾһָӵͺá
ӦǾȫ֣סУʵսĻᡣ
Ǳ߻ʦǼͷ󺹣ʱʱžͲˡ
ʱΧһУУӻʦУЩֳֵ侲
Ħ˹УܱСӵĻʦٳ쭸ߣѾһҵ״̬С
һݸԱ߻ѵˣȥ׵ǡ
ڶõߵǼ꣬˼ѹ׼սʱԼָںʹĦ˹Уһ֡

ĬߵӦǾԱߡ
ȥϷ򣬴ѹšӦǾվָӡ
˵ͷϷȥ˲ײڣΧսжһɸɱ֮⡣
Żʦһ꣬У˴룬׷׼սС
̫ˡʦеķߣ̧ͷΧ૵ЩҲˣ
޳֮ԱΪΪһ״У޾ͬˮ㣬ӿɱһһϽӽ
ȥսˣɽ˹ҲǱߵսʣ½Ӧɺû˹ܡ
滹ӣһӦɺӵͷŰԼӣʼͼѲ㿪ʼͼŽ浽ߣȦмͣ
ڳմˮ͡
ӦɺҪǽվŲѾ죬ԼԱһ
ͳ£ӦɺӿʼͣһԼģһŸøġ
˰죬ͻȻлҰɫ˿̽Ӧɺһӽնϡ
껹£ȦĵսȦǲѵľУôһ˲䣬ӦǾһ״̬
δӦӦǾˣʵ廯ϸ廯ֱȦУϡ
ӦǾĿɿһһ
µӦɺӵͷǸϵĻҰɫ˿ֿ˿ԼؿڵһҰɫ˿еۡ
ӦɺӲϿȳѪе㲻֪Լ죬Ѫؿ
ֲֻá
ӦɺӲѵֻ뵽ôȥֶסѪʱӦǾѾǰ
ø硭㡣ӦɺӴԱץһͣеѪմϣ켸䣬ֽˮϵѪ
ֻʱӦɺӿѪԽԽ࣬һֱ۵סԼһ߰ӦǾ
ӦǾޱӹһִֻӦɺӵĹԣֱӰ³ּ
Ħ˹УӻʦӦɺӳ֣ظһ飬Ħ˹УӻʦӦɺӳ֡


192 
ˮѪˮ, ˳ֵİ£ŤͷȦȥؼ·һоֹ, ֻʣ¹㲥ڻص
ɽʧӦɺһ̲Ѫ˳ˮɢ, ָӲûзֲ෽޳
üеĵɽ෽ȥ񣡡ЩƴȦܡ
ɽҧתͷ, ȥӦɺǱߣնɱޡ
ʼ㲥еĵ˶ٺ, һֱûлعͷֻնɱ޵ٶԽԽ죬ʽԽԽݡ

ϵҽƶĺܿ죬ֱӿƲ, ͵ؿʼӦɺ˿ڡ
Ұɫ˿г./ȭͷôֱ֣ӶӦɺؿ, ಿλȥ
ҽ˿ȡ, ԱߵĻʿ̽Ӧɺ̧Ʋա
Ǳ˿ҽ뿪ǰ, ӦǾ˵һ䡣
ӦǾǣûлͷֻڿΧ
˿ӵղûӦǾʵ廯ϣȦľУȫó£Ӧɺһ
ʵ廯ⲻо˿, ˡ
صб**Ģ
ΧߡӦǾȦʼѵľУ
ʵ廯ȥ֮, Щ˲ȫ˹
ЩȻ, ϻһѾ˵ӡ
˻Դһʱû̫Ŀǰ
ȻˮˢٺۼȻԷ֮ǰйѪ
ĪвõԤУһȦУӵˣֻһˡ
ɺأ濴ӦǾʵ
ղųˡӦǾ
棺û£
ʣ̲ѪӦɺӵġ
ӦǾΧڲðľ˿Ʋա
˫ֳϥǣһܽƲվʹоȡ
ȦˡӦǾʵ廯ϸסУÿһˡ
УȫѹȫΧָȨȻȻƵӦǾϣһΣУûзɢԸ޳ֻһλҪɱһ·ȥ
ʱĦ˹Уӻʦĳֻ֣ʱѹĵף˵ͳһĿɱһ·
ֱֳ
ȥӦɺӡ
ͷȥɡ
ղųµ˲䣬˵ڵľУǣΧ۵ʦǶûӦһз̫ˣһȦеľУܹ
ƽѵľУǣȻ£˿ٶ죬ѾʵսôೡľУǣѾ˿ɵֵ֮
ȻʱȦľУǶڲ״̬˵ֿѵЩ˲ϣҲòκη
ûӦǾ֣ȦЩ˿¶ó֡ǳ֡
ûôƲգִУ£Ʊ˵òʱҽΡ
ҺӦǾӦɺӼʱ˳ּĦ˹Уʦ̾
ְΧΪǲ̫Σˡ
ڸǰнļУòô3sУʵսѵսϳµļʸ󡣡
ȷʵôţ¿ԿơսϣЩ˳˱û˺Ԯ
ϣƲաշ˹˹ǰУѪ̽ڵıģʽ仯ƲշҪϡִܳʱУòʱľ
ֳʦǷ׷׿ʼۣѾʼ͸ϵҪһ顣

ڵԽԽӡ
Ϊû˾Уĵֵһߵ޿ʼ߱ȻЩ޲ûлܵУߣڰ·ͻȻľ˿̴塣
ЩޡФѹʱϵ·Ѿ˻ȥ˿ûвԾؿűѪҺޣԾϹļƷ
Щޱ˿̴Ѫʱ˿ûеֿ
ȻĢԻǣȻҲԻޡšüָŲϵ޵Ǹ򣬡ܴܲǱ߹ȥ
ӦǾʵ廯ܳŵסĻ
˵˴Ħ˹У⻹УһܵӦǾı
У˴˿̲룬ѹϸ**УʧȥָӺ󣬱ֵô
ϰʱ˶׵ĸо˭Ҳᵣĺ淢ʲôԾһƶӣȫʡġ
Ļ˴˿̵뷨ʵ廯ϵס˿öԸޡ
Ȼһ룬˽µ濪ʼζʲô͵ĶӵصҪðˡ
û취ܵȥ·ʼðľﵲסˡ
ǸĢ̩Ұɫɡñ˳
ͱĢðٶȼ죬ҰɫɡñѾð˳
ʵ廯ϲȫ赲Ģ
ӦǾǶͱĢʵ廯ϲȫ˿ܼһ̶ȵĶĢ̫޴һʹ벻״̬ĳɷͷų̶ȼռɷֳ֣ɷܶһʵ廯ϻʧЧ
ŻںɱľУǣٶ̫ˣˡ
գۼ䣬ͱĢѾɡ˳ʳ˴޵ѪҺӵصðľ˿ԽԽܣѾʼӡ
ߵҲʼ𽥼٣ͱĢۿɼıǿ
ɡñֻǻҰɫȴһԽа֮С
޼ٶԾУ鲢ȫǺ£һȫʧĿԱ˾У
ȫѵľУں档ӦǾֵ˿Ƶ档
ӦǾһٳָղѵֻһָӣܲܳס
ֻȳһָӡ
ӦǾûлشƽͨԺǰߣʣ¾У¡
û顣
ƽʱϲȰȵФҲûг
ƽͨԺԽǰ棬ʼ޳˺һӣУӵǰƶ
˺Ŀ޼ӿ𽥷ա
У˺;Ģľ뿪ʼԶм仹һȺ
ȻͱĢʳѪҺԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬ڵ֮µɡֻԽԽľ˿ֲʳѪҺ
ֱֳ
λԱ˵˼仰ͳһվصͲһȥ֮볡ĻиУʦ
ϯϵĹڼ״۷׷ףȫ׷ʲô¡
ʱʦԱվڻڣĻȫǸĸ߲㡣
**Ģʮĸֱ߲ӵǵͷȥ
̧ͷŭҲӦǾ棬ΪʲôҪЩѧȥ
Ǳ߱**ĢѡþЩУʮ߲ɫѡУһɲԼƾʲôôԴ
**ĢƻŻɢɷ֣Ϊѧ뿪֮ɾȥһ߲㼧Ԫ»ʦ˵ûǻֻѧ
Ǹոյ鵽һϡĻڣʮ߲㷭ϵļУ**Ģһл᳤ɣСʱڣɡñѿͷųӣЩӻκʪĵطʱνɷֻᵽͷšֻ赲ޣ޷ЧֵгŨȵĳɷ֡
ʮ߲˶ʵڣ˭飿
һƬĬ
ղžĢðͷʱѹȥһСʱЩУ㲻սҲ㲻
ϯϵĹںܿ췢Ա͸Уʦȫˣɫ̫ÿ



193 
һ㲥쳹
оУע, ҪأڰСʱڴ**Ģֹɢ 
޳˺һ, ͼӳȥУ㲥ס
ⶫ**Ģעˡ
ôıĢ, ûü˵δ֪ıֲ಻ᱻڲᣬ췽ǱӦҲ
ƫƫ췽֪ⶫ, ֻ**Ģֹĳط¼
㲥һβǸڹԱ, ǽ˶ת˵ɡ
**ĢʱֻҪСʱõԽ࣬ɳٶԽ졣ȥ, Ǿʺϳ֡ĹԱŷ߹ʮҡֻҪܳŹʱ, ܺܿ촦**Ģ
㲥˶, ִһףλˡ
Ȧȥ, Ծޣ**ĢѾ׳˳
ˡŴĦ˹УһͷȦȥ
УҲûжԣȫͳһת
֮ǰѵնɡñɡھ˿пһ·ǽȥӦǾ, ƽͨԺסޡ
Щ3sӲܳ𣿡Ф
ѧ֣ΪʲôоФĵԽԽˡ
Щ3sҲ, ܰ, 谭¡ͷФҡǻڱ˲øԤ
ػȦ֮ǰҪףУĶܿߵ**Ģǰ棬мһ·Ѿ˴ӵصðľ˿
үֳƫƫһֲϲչڿЩľˣһŭ⡣
УָӻӴͷУȫӦǾͳ󷽹ޡ
뿪ǰ˼Ħ˹УܱСӣܱʦǻײ϶ϣ
ܱʦͷӻʦֺ󣬻ײϻת
СٵɶȫóɡñߴԴһȦԷ⡣
ܱʦ㶣ɶһרAǵĲϣֽܷԼãֹܷҺ绷Ⱦ·⡣
Ƚϴֿƴӣٽһ㣬·Ҫƽ塣
ܱʦѸٷӦҪܱɡñ
ͷԣƽмճһɡôĿڣ۵壬ʱֱӴӺһȦƽ壬ǶɡñϣնɡסǸԲڡ
Ϊһȫܱտռ䣬Ȼɢ
ȻֻԷһܼʱնɡĢɡñ㲻ѿͷӡ
ɶ𣿡ܱСӻʦЩԥʵֲֻA
ĢûйԣɶܱԹǿˡ
ο3sõܱԲûô࣬㹻Ǿ**Ģɡñ
˵֮󣬸ӳԱһȥ˿
Щ˿նϺ󣬸ԭٶȼ죬ӳԱֻƴϣһʱЩѵӳԱǰߣʱնɡ**Ģֹͣ
˵עǶ**Ģϣ޴ɡñѾڵסյĹߡ
ˮɡñ֮ϣ𽥻γˮ
УͷһĿһºʱûȥ룬Ψһȥ**Ģ
ͼǰ·ϰͨԼСƾм䣬ںֹ˿ᷴˣסм˰ȫִ**Ģɡǰ
ԣѡóñӣ֮¸ǶԸֹ֡Щ˿ʵڲѶԸ
Щ˿ǲԽԽ࣬ԽԽˣɽܿȥü
䣬ƽͨԺǱߵһ뱻ɾѪ
ĢҪСʱܳ죿ܾһĢѾҪѿˡ
ڵˣֱֳ˿øΪֱۡ
**ĢѾɡѾֹͣˣֻ˿ڲðΧԽԽ
ôȥ޶øɸɾͷ۵ʱûޣֻʣУǱǾУ֮սˡ
յ֮սƱҪɻս
ܰȫǰ¾͹ˡϻδɢŭ⣬ǱߵôģõΪʲô֪ͨǣЩӶϡ
Ǳ߿ҲֻǸոõϣСҲԤֱͷЩĢ˿Źûôǿ
Щߵͽ֮ôױ˿ɾѪȫΪܵԻھУǴ󲿷ֶӦǾʵ廯ֻסû̫⡣
ֻڡ
˭δϵⷢˡ
ʵ廯ֺȻʼҡҡ׹
ôˣַסӦǾΧ˿һɢˡЩ˻ȫҪΪ**Ģϡ
ӦǾŽֱվȣʵ廯ܷܲɢÿһˣ
֪ܡʵûôǿֻ3sָӡ
ӦǾѾŲסˣǰȵӪҺЧ㹻ŵҲ**ĢԭӪҺЧñ
Ǿʵ廯֣ƽͨԺУӵȫӦǾ䲼ϸܵĺֱ͹ǿгʵ廯֣Ž档
ҵĸоɹͷųʵ廯֣һһ
ӦǾ
治Ͻ֪תʵ廯ֵķΧҲӡ
ӦǾһֱŵķַΧסΧ˺󣬲֧Ųȥ
ָӣǾסӦǾ
濴۾һ̣пհһ˲漴ҧи֪Ͷȥ
ǧ˼һķΧʵ̫ˡ
潫ʵ廯ַŵ󣬿סǡʱǱ㣬ӡ䡢ͣ۾ʼѪ
ô죿Уʵ
ǿָͻȻ£ھʣʹóʵ廯ֵָҲԳŲ˶á
·ʱ׳ΧɨһȦͷԼ֡
ԭУڿû취ˡ
·ʱ̧ΡΡʵ廯֣ӹСѹ
ʱΣڵѾϾעƽͨԺָҲʵ廯ֱֳֻ֣һЩ˼ע⡣
̨ϵԱδ⣬ֻǿǱͼӽ**ĢԱ

Ǳûзߵô죿ҪҪ
ϵʵ廯ϳɢ˲䣬ûдߵԼɽ֮ǰѵ״̬С
Խзߣλָʵ廯ϣһѵУӵȥҪºɽԼӻʦڡ
һ򡣡ʼʩǡ
ѵȻӦ
ˣҪвѵ˶ôӦͺˡ
ʱûƽͨԺУӳȥһ־˿Ȧľ˿ţתۼ䣬㽫޳һɶ
ɡñǲǱ󣿡ФȻָɡñ
ͷ˿Ǳѿˡ
ɡһξ룬Խɡñ˿ԽܼһƬɫ
ˡеεֱӳɡȥȻ**ĢȻܲ˿סĵ
ɽҲñм֧УֻǶɡ˺
ֻնɡ׶Ӫͨ谭Ģɡñɢ
ȥˣԱߵĻ
ʮӡ
˵Сʱ֮ŻɢӣʲôѾѵɡñһʱ䲻֪ô죬ǶԸôı˿嵽ɡǱߣնɡѾˣ**ĢɢĴ
ʵ廯ֵԭ򡣡ɽûǱƽͨԺУնɱ˿**Ģ㹻ѪҺʱһ̡
ѵҪ**Ģͷӣ
ЩӵƴɡǱ߳ʱĦ˹УܱСӵĻʦһ
ɡñΧ̫ܱСӻʦֿƣѾ£
ںֱֳ˾ôţĦ˹У͵ĿͶɶܱСӻʦվϣʼڻĶɶӶ˽϶䡣滹кü׵š
˵ֱֳˣڵľУǶĿɿڴܱʦ
ʲô
ڻϵģ˴ѧ𣬱ܵѵ˭뵽Ħ˹УѲڸֵֹĹϡ
˾ôǶž޴ĶɶɡñǱ߷ȥŵĻ׵Щ˿ÿе˿ٽӽӡ
ûмɡǱ߳壬ǳǳӹһλͻ׵ŵĶɶ۵壬ȥܷɡñϡ
ʱܱʦѾһ϶
ͻ׵һζɡñζɶɸߣԶԶ**ĢѾѣֻʣһ㱡ĤֻҪһ룬ǲ㱡ĤƱѡ
һѣȫɢ
ӵѾӽɡնϾ˿øǻᡣ
ӹܱʦеĹߣһ͵ɿֱ֣һڶɶϣþ**Ģѿͷ֮ǰöɶסĢͷϡ
ɶֱھ**Ģͷϣתת
ˣ
֪ΪΣǺȻñסľ**Ģеҡ
סһ˲䣬Ļûȫ¡
ǡɹ
ȥܱʦͻ׵Լ**ĢǱ߸ϡ
**ĢɡñѾѿˣɶ֮ɻ·δܷĵط©
е۵Ҫһܷ⣬ҪȽӽ**Ģ
Ȼ**ĢɡδϣӪɷֵͨڣֱĤվѿˡ
ҰɫѩһƮɡñ¡
ס˿ȥϹȥָŻɽ
ɽתͷûΪʲôֱ޳ʼɡñ֮Ϸɡ
̫ܼ࣬߶ЩŲסоԼĻѾ˲ӡ
Ѿʼ¶ˣٲնɡɶĸҲûá
Ͼ̫࣬ŰӣɽϸߴͣĢɡñ֮¡Χɡֱ϶ɶĸӡ
ϡ
ȦöɶǺͰ֮ķ϶ֻʣмɡǸȦڡ
Ҫıնɡ
һӽ⵽**Ģķ񹥻˿ȫΧ


194 
ɡˡ
δʱ, ɽնˡ
Ӫͨѣ**Ģѿڲ࣬ɡһ𻺻浹¡
, ӻɢĢɡñ𽥲൹ʱ, ӽű߰γذף׷ȥ, ɡϣһɶԲ, ӳûгĻᡣ
ɶԸ, һ̶ãγǿܷռ䣬Ĳϼʺϱڲй
ͬҲʺ, סĢӲ¶ڿС
Уӻ׵ɽг֣ظһ, Уӻ׵ɽг֡
㲥ͻȻʶһ߿ȥ
Ϊ**Ģɡն, б˿Ѿȫڶ, ʧȥ
ղնɡ˱ɽС
ǰȽӽɡ, Ϊ˼ʱնɡɽз˵ֿ˿
նɡͬʱҲ˿̴ףֻüܿҪλ
ֱֳһĬ
ɽеѡ˭Ҳû뵽ġ
̨ͷѾ˹ֻǷò, ҪǴɽ, Χӡ
ǵ, оУǵĻףǽӽ**ĢӣǻڲŲӡ
ϵľ˿ҲһĹԱߡ

ڸ汻ɽȥϢˡ
һ֮ݲԱ
֣Ǯ
š
ȥҹԱҪߣӸϡ
ϾǮˡ
ɵؿһۣѡϡ
һᣬû

֪ɺûѹ̾һȻһȥһ¡
˰ǣǲܺǽ̸
ΧսСôңǸոҲˣǾһͣ϶ҡ
ⳡӳԱָڰؼյ㻹һľ롣
Ա˿;**Ģɡñԭؽ˼ӣҪУӳԱȥϴϻ**Ģӡ
ĶɶǴĦ˹УȫĴǴߺûˡȥ֮ǰҪܱպ**ĢɡñĹԱ
ԱܱСӵĻʦأҴȥ졣
Ħ˹Уָӽ滹ǱϢһʱҲվˣǻ׵Щϡ
ԱҲ룬ѡΪУܱСӵĻʦ
Ǳߣȥ
ҹȥУǲҪ߶ȥϿܴڵӡԱ˵ֹ꣬˳ڣǡ˵Ħ˹УΪʡǮҪѧάУճƷ𣿡

Ասһ㣬װˣ㽽Ǹɡñ̬Ǿɿˣôôϸ˻޴壬ʱ򣬲ѡʮǮ
Ȼ̧ͷֻԱգգ۾˸Σɿ
£
УӳԱȥϴһ·Ҫܼ⣬Էϡ
ڳУӪҺȣԭϢͣ
Ѿͣˡ
Աصµľ˿ͿƮԶӣԼ޵ʬ壬Χ̫ˣҪȵꡣ
УڸפϢȫɹԱṩҲԴ
ԱڸţþУúϢһϣ촦ʼ
Ĳɽһ㿿һϢĽ档
֮ǰ֪ʹùȣɸѪʮֲá
û£Ϣһʱͺáô˵Ȼ̸ϺãӦɺڳˡ
һˣָо̫ˡ
Ҹղ͵͵Աһ¡е˵˵ɺȶˡ
𣿡̧ͷʡ
ûƾ⼸¡Ž棬ùھȥóɺӸ˸ˡ
ӦǾָ֪ܻ٣·ʱ׺ࡣǱ߳һ͵ֻѶУû̫ʧ
һ޳ڵ޻ûˡ쿪ʼҪƴٶȡɽУҪȫϡ
ʹ֮ǰѵҲûս˿¡
Ħ˹УΧһһֱû˵
**ĢҪ˵ȥô

һڣУ
ΪʲôҪǰ棿еѹЩ˱ʵҪߡ
ȥûôԸóն**Ģͷϵ
ǾУʵףһ֣ûжεĻᡣΪָӣɽеľȫ޷⡣
ϾҪϴ**ĢƽͨԺԽҲЩ˻ɽе
ҺôĦ˹УǱöɶܷ**ĢŲӷɵطЩҵ
뵽ʱĳ棬һĲ֪Ħ˹УǰУӵ˳ﶼʲôȻ취š
ɶڻʦУֻڷϣһֵͼϣSϵĻ׻ûù
Ħ˹УĻʦҵĴԣǿѨ硣
ʦӦð˼ȫڻϣ򡭡
Ǹҿͦģʱģɽл䵱ʱľٶΪ䡣
ǲȣǰҾã˵ȥְ޺ܶõ
ЩϢ֮ǰ͸¶ġ
ȺúϢһҪ̸յ㡣ʧȥɽйڻĦ˹УЩ˵¡
ʱ𽥰ڰУɽкĿӣ漴ƿ

УǿϢԱȴ޷Ϣһ˽ĶһһϷһ̨ͷǱ룬׼Щ
·ϣһĹԱ򿪴䣬ʼظ㡣
˿ޡ
Ҫһ**Ģͷ
һ£ܷ״̬һ˵ʵ֮ǰӳ
Աȥ飬˰졣
ܷ״̬á
ȷˡ˿Źϵ嵥ʵ
ˡֻǡ
ֻʲô
״̬̫ˡ


195 
ͷԼ3sרӪҺ, ΪУͬȥͱĢĹͣԽ칤ԱṩӪҺУ
ֻûӦǾҪӪҺ
һ߽, ԱĿ⣬ҡͷ, ԼеӪҺȥ
ҪҪָӺһ3sӪҺ˾ͽʵ
ܡ˵գӪҺڴ, ͷȾ
˾ͽӪҺ򼧳꣺3sӪҺȲ𣿡
ų󲿷ӪҺ, ֻƵӪҺŤͷŻδѹӦǾ, ʱó3sʵԽȴ־ӦǾһ档
ָӵܶ꣬üһ, ȫӦǾϣվһˮƽλ
ǰҲȷʵˡ
Ǿԥ֮ǰ, ι3sӪҺ񡭡Ҳû¡
ָǴĦ˹У
Ŀ䵭Ǿȥ
Ǿûע⵽, ǿ棺ָ, ˣ
ӦǾֳۣŵ, ĿɨһȦˣ
˾ͽ̵ͷˣɨֳֹвӡ
ΪʲôĢͷӣӦǾ˲ԺܣûгŵСʱ
ǡ, ָӵʵ廯ϳ֮, ƽͨԺУȫ˽·ʱ׵ʵ廯, ûնϾ˿**Ģֵٶȼӿ죬ǰ졣
ǰ죬Χɫ죬ȻڿɴΧڡ
ӦǾΧϣʣУΣ
û˳֡˾ͽμ˵ɴԼ˵ֻУɽгˡ
ӦǾ֮ǰԤĽڵԤȫͬ
Ҳˣֻ˾ͽδͷһ鷢չ
Ħ˹УʦܷɡñǣӦǾָϣʶźɫͷ
ϸĦ˹ʦ޴壬һʼδ⣬󣬸˵ΪĦ˹У̫ѧǲѧּܡ
ֻӦǾֱطţ./ǹ󣬲ΪĦ˹ЩʦбѧУȣѧܡ
ȷЩӦǾΪĦ˹УʦķΧ
./ǹ˾ͽ˵Ǹܷɡñ׶һֶԸֲ޵ֶΡ
ַӦǾ޶һˡ

ܱʱڵĻףʹõĻף͸ֶ侫ɵķ
ܱʱڵĻܱʦ𣬺ĻӦɺƣô
Ħ˹Уָʦʦ
ӦǾ˼ֻǴĦ˹УǼָʦҲˡ
⻹һ£ɽеĳֺ֡
ɽкɽһǿУ⣬һ֣˫ӵƱƣУûκϣȡλ
˾ͽεʱԽ˳־ûзߵУԱ
Ϊ**ĢѾʼͷӣɽвŲϧնɡ
ӦǾš
У˲û̫ӹ֮ôóȻ¡
ָӡ˾ͽκӦǾ̧ͷŵ칤ԱѰҪʼڸоô
޳ѹʣ޲࣬ǻ׵ĶԾӦǾԹȥֻ˾ͽνһ鷢յϢȴָ١
Ψһһ㣬δۼɽγ֣֮ܲʲôߡ

Ħ˹У
ͻȻֱͦͦԱ˯ŵĻɽ
ʲôҲû˯ţһˡ
ָŻɽǻ𻵡
֮ǰ޲Ͼ**ĢЩѲı˿˵Ļ׶ٶˡ
սȻԼֻǽԵĲޣǸУĻ׵κһϸ΢֮ʧܡ
ֱֳں̨ϵ˶û˯
ӳԱͷһйԱв֣۴ĸ棬Ƕ޷ϢĪ֤ʷ˷ܸС
ΣȻԱǿʼ˳УĿǰ״
Уʧȥһλ͵ͬʱζǵͻ׵ʵ½Ħ˹УʦˣζԱĻһ⣬Ȼֻгһ··ӵǰ״Уʧȥ˶λĻᡣ
޻ʣ޼Ħ˹УλܴѶУλõġϰΪǻõλġ
·ЦЦϱȣĦ˹УȻлᣬУֶԸأѶһʮҪλ
ϰһ㶣˵ѶУƽͨԺ
ƽͨԺҲܺУУϣԸ**УԼĦ˹Уٷλ·ֱͷһӮˣƽͨԺõһ
Ƴ··ָô϶Ħ˹Уһ䣿
·žͷԼĽ棺ǻʦܿ˵Ļû⡣Уӻʦ޸ĻףֻдĦ˹Уӵûޡ˵Ļ׶սõĻжռƣʦοУȫڸϸյʱɧ𻵴Ħ˹Уӻףȴлʦ޸
ĵ׳·˵ûʮֲϲܡ
Ħ˹УҪӮҲǲܡ·һ⡣
Ƿ׷䣬ܣɶۿ
ôӮ
·΢΢üЦȻǴĦ˹У֮ǰһУڲһ3sʦڵΣ
ɣ
Ħ˹ʦǣ
·Ľ⣬αȥѧû¾Уòкء
ЦҲ֪3sʦϡ١·ЦԴĦ˹Уξòλ
˵ʲôմҽԺ·λ
һ󣬽ЩѧЩ죺ôһ㶼ţ
˵ӻʦֺ󣬴Ħ˹УҲ֪ԼҪʲô
Ŀǰͷڣ˯˯޻׵޻ףġ
ȫһ֧òλĶ顣
αϣʲôʱǽŹ
ҿҲͦɵġĶȣޱ
һջؽţû¾У֮ǰηھòλҲô¡
˵ҲûӦɺûˣѹ
һֱͷ
ֱͷڣ߻ɽ

沢δֹ·뵽£Ҳ뵽ˡ
ûлʦӣһԶ顣
޻׵Ҳû취ٲˡ
ҹ˯үԺκòоԱҹԼѲߣôõĻᲹȴһɢˡ
޻ˡ
Ŷ棬ͻɽһмߡ
м仹Уӻʦά޻ףǹóλá
ɽȷųԼĻףͷĻס
ֱֱֳĹǶ
ѲɴĦ˹Уص3sʦ
ôܣҲӦУӵĻʦæ޲һǡ
ֲǺǽǸʦޣǵĻ׿ɶ3sAʦû취ޡ
Ħ˹У̫˵㣬ӻʦȻôˣûôʼأ
ڼԼٵĻôȥҲԶ޺ðϢһս
ϣܳ漣أҪĦ˹УӮ

ߵУܱʦǱߣҪԼҪĲϣȻʼ·ɽĻס
֮ǰ޳УɽУ׼ȥ϶вˣȫǱ״̬е޻˵ġ
ǵĻǲûмĢҺչԻιԶȲ޳ҪѻǵİݴԼѴȫ޲á
ȻڲṹҪǷȹ̣Ӧɺӳ֣ͷû֮ǰݡ
ûɽף˵ĶԣֻǼܶԾԼ
ٿػ׵Ķ롣
ӦɺӲʱԱߣЩݶһʦԣ
кܿ˶Աȣ⻹ԶԶﲻûɽԼĻף²ٿػɽĻף߶˼Ȧ
İĻ׶Բ⣬ֻҪܻ߶ԾʱЭԱɡ
Ȼɽϸ΢ˣӦǹؽڲ⡣
ӻײٿʼжСȹؽڣȻеطˣơٻؽڣװȥǣʼ޲𻵵Ĺǹؽڡ
Ȳ֪˭۴Ӳȿǿ̨ײƿأٷ֮ٵ˶ҪΪӵĻʦ
Ҫӹԣֻû׵ǰȻԼȥʾһ飬֪⡣
ֱֳ
·
ĬĬ̧Լ۾Ϊ˻þʱ޲ףһС۶Ūƽˡ
е𾪲·Ϊ˷·ǿб侲û뵽Ħ˹УĻһ3sʦ
·
ԱϰĿɿڴǱʦ˫ޣ
̫ϰ˵ʱһİС
·񾭲Ǹӻܱʦ˫ޣһװġ
ʼղԸǱʦ˫ޣͷβǵ͵Ļ׵ʦ
οǳѧĻ֪ʶ
ƫƫܿ޲˻ɽĻףԻ׵ܡ
·Ħ˹УʦǱ߿һۣٴλ١
ӾͷںԿԿóɽĻױ޺ˣʱ˵ͷ
ԲԲۣ飬Ħ˹УĻ3sʦ
ǿĵڻ3sʦĦ˹Уʲôɲùھ
˵ˣܹھǴĦ˹Уģ
֮ǰ·ָ˵жͱס
ҪͼƴĦ˹УַӴ
أȻû׷ģ
˰ˣɧǰ

ܻףȫһ飬ΧУӻʦȫûκβ죬վԱΧ޲
֪ǻʦ
Ƕڿǣ侲ΧУʦĿ⣬ֵ˵ԱߴĦ˹Уʦǡ
ЩĿȫ¼еͷʱװ£ʲôʱѧ޻ףȺСӷ֪ǡ
˫ֱۣ֪ˡ
ͷָӵУǲԾ̫ˡ
ʲôʱѧĻף˼Ҳû˽
ǳϾУǰA׶ûô3sףӴ3sҲֻǴӵڶʼֻпӦɺӽôʱڣѧô
˭֪ѹסԼǣѧ졣
⵹ǡͷЩ츳ǸߣοǸ3s
Ħ˹УʦǶˣȻУʦΪȶ
ģʦ˫ޣ
ʷҲֻһƺţƫƫ˻ǴĦ˹УĽߡ
ǴĦ˹УҪ
Уʦǵļļֱðͣ˱ʦ˫ҲУΪʲôҪ
ʵѾˣټϸʦݡ
Ҳֻе**УӦǾ֮⡣
ᣬ̫ˣ
Уʦһ϶ŴĦ˹Уֱͷڵ׷а˴һ٣ǵ**Уʦǡ
Ҫǵǵ**Уǿǿ֣˭ܴù**У
ϧĦ˹УˣΪѧѴͨ
ֱͷ޲ҽϯһĽڣ򿪹ԣͣš

ڶϰ˵㣬йԱæµһϣڽеɣǱ֮߻Ҫٽжͬʱ۲㣬Է©
Ա׼룬λУڰСʱʼ
㲥˸ָס䣬˯
ÿֻôӪҺ֮󣬸оˡ
һ㶼
Ȼû취˯ȥΪ׼ĹԱʼ
Ħ˹Уһ𿪣ĳ̫ҫۡ
ϣһֵֻס۾ȻΧͣ߶ʤֻܶһͷͷȻ
˯ˣСʱҪʼˡһͻɽһȥҿʳõĶһѹӸȳԵ㶫ӡ
ְͷã꣬ȥóɺԷ
ɺӶȳˣ㻹롣ү顣
ܣôһ̯ӣһԷŹԭػ˫ȡ
Ħ˹Уһ𼯺УѾŹԱ
ԱٺãжϷ롣
λСʱѵʼ
㲥һţӦǾŵ**У뿪
ǲǣǾӦǾƽͨԺʱѾԴĦ˹Уˣ
ǵĿùھƽͨԺǻ䡣˾ͽƲ죬ΪʲôҪȥʻˮ
Ħ˹Уһ𣿡̩ºȻʵ
۹ӳԱУܱͻȻ廰֮ǰȫԱѵ״̬£Ŷ飬ǻظһ䡣
תͷ̩£Ħ˹Уʧȥ˻ʦǱһԻ׵𻵵òʱάޣսܵӰ죬һأ޷սԣδĦ˹Уɡ
˵꣬ӼǰߣʼӦǾûп˵
̩վںͷֹǻ޻𣿡
ҳڶ꾭飬ܾǱߴûоԵ鷢Ҫ˵ԣӮࡣ
䡯ʣоû취õϡ
ǰӦǾȻŲһ٣ת󲽳̩ղ˵ʲô
̩סŽͰ͵޻װ


196 
ӦǾת, **Уʶ˹̩µĻʳǹǾʲô˼
ʲô޻, ͷ˵˵ҲҪиȡ
̩̧ӣǡ޻ס
ӦǾһӦΪʲô޻ף̩£ô֪
ûе鵽޻, Ϊ̩
һѧУġ̩ʵʵǰѧУĻ, ʦȲ
һѧУ˾ͽץסһص, , Ҳ3212ǳġ
ԴӼ󣬸У֪Ħ˹У3212ǳĳԱ, һܳһ3sľУѾ˲, 3212ǳһָ, һ, ȫڴĦ˹УС
̩µͷҲ3212ǳġ

˾ͽһʱûס, һȥ3212ˣҪͬǿǸǵʲô
̩Ҳǣ**У**УܱS, ô껹ͷһAУܱ
3212ѧԺҼǵѧԺûAסӦǾ̩, , Bס
ӦǾ˵²ʱ, ʾ䡣
, Bס̩µͷ, ֲ, 3sףӦҲ3sס
Ǿ͵3s׺͵ͼBֶˣ޲3sס
浱˭Ǹ£˲֪Ϊˣڹļ¼˽⵽ɵ¡
νʦ˫ޣǻʦȳ˻׵֪Ȼ󽵵ͣ޷ܵĻڲṹ󲿷ֻʦҲ޷ܻ׵ѵǿȡ
ɱʦ˫޺󣬺ܶʦҲЧ¹ʵ֤涼չǻʦǻ׵߲Զ
ӦǾ˼Ƭ̧̺Ħ˹УǸȥ
֮ǰԼƲĦ˹Уָʦʦ˷񣬻֮ǰһЩӦɺƻ׷Ĳ΢֮ʼ۲˳
˼أ
ѪεԼ޳ҲƵġһв鶼µõ͡
ôҲܻǱʦ˫ޣҪ3sףҡǾԽԽס
ĻӦǾϣǻȥ
ȥǾָӣǻȸȥյ㡣 
֮ǰĦ˹УǰӲһھֱһιھε**УԲʧȥһλ
ӦǾҪȥȷϡ
ָӣӦǾȷ˱˼ڼͻԥͷߡ
ͷ֮󣬹Ǿ󼸲Ťͷ̩£ǻָӻ޻ף
̩һãȻ
Ǿ3212ѧԺ˶˫𣿡
ֱĹǾ仰ʱˢˢĻ
ˣ
ղŻĵ˵޿ܣھͿʼ̽**Уˡ
Ŀǰ֪3212ѧԺͶˣнѧʦתΪָӡǻ׵޺3sף˶ѧ֣ԹǾΪ̩Ҳп˫ޡ
3212ѧԺ𣿸о˱ȸϵ˻
ż׼ȥ3212ѧԺιۡ
ۣҲҪȥ3212һȦģģ
̩ҲСûУֻǵ
Ǿֵǵ**У3212˾ֻһš
**Уԭû߶Զתȥʱ򣬴Ħ˹УУѾƽͨԺѶУס
ʲôү衯˫ֱסԼʮ޹ƽͨԺѶУǱߡ
ФӶĵˣЦӻʦ֣ڸɴһˣǸãȥӦɺӡ
ĽǶӸãüʵ
Ф˭ĽǣҪҪϻ˵ǴĦ˹У⡣
֪˭ϻࡣɽ
ͷһ䣬Ф÷ˡ
ƽͨԺԽ߳Ǳһ
ʲôñȵģζ°ܽˡ˸ǷٴȥҾӰ̫ãҽǸδмҪŽᡣ
ĻԽɫ䣬ֻǽеĳ.ǹֱͦͦȥ
΢΢ǰѳ.ǹ˶м䡣ǹβڲͣز
ô۸ˣǲǲ̫ãתԽˡ
һԽظ
УǴܣҷ㡣䣬ѸٽףֱƽͨԺȥ
ⶼΪҪԽˣȴתСƾء
СƾؿſĴ󵶣Ӧףˡ
Խ˲ŸոսȥףŹⲻԼһָᲽҪȥȴĻɽסˡ
˲䣬Ħ˹У׵ͬʱ֣ƽͨԺĵϡ
ǡŴĦ˹Уܻסôһ˶ûУѵǺУ˽ףŹȥ޲˻ף
ȻҲȻ֮УУĻʦɵؿţ֪Ħ˹Уʲô
ϸǼ˵Ļף̫¼ֱԡ
ʦǴһƬ𾪲²УУѶУѾϡ
ѧԱϷĻĦ˹УĻףһȸԾ
۴Ħ˹УƽͨԺӮֻҪѶУУӳ֣׵λ
ֱֳ
·ָΪĽʲôϰͷ·ҾôĦ˹УӮ
š·ϵǷѾϣʡ
ѶУӦӮУ3sԸһֻ˫sϰ쿴ͷѾսУ
·֮ɽ˵ʱԽ٣ûзҲϰߡ
Ȼǧ򻯣ȫԱϡ
˿ȫΪԽˣԱߵСƾضս
ʵϣĿСƾء
**Ģ󣬽Ужʱ㽫Ŀ궨ΪСƾأҪʶһλȾߣʵΡ
Сƾصڹͻɽıͬǽûм/ϴгƣΪ֣ԱϣᱻһƬѪ⡣ͬٶȿʱͷϡ
ֵĹ/ƶϣ޷ϣһĻ𻨡
һʱ䣬СƾѹƣֵϺˣֱ۱Լۡ
ԱΧ۵ĽüҲδϵСƾص
ڿӦļΪ
˶ڹעЩӵսʱ**Уˡ
ӦǾһȫ汻Сƾѹƣٶϣһ¥
ѹƳ3s
3sûмʱõӪҺĲ䣬ҲᱻѹôףСƾʵˡ
ӦǾĿǸ֮ҪСƾس֡
ǻ޺ˡǾŴĦ˹УĻףжٶȺȫûܵӰ죬ֻһܣǵĻ׽άޡ
ǾǲţԸŴĦ˹УУˡ
ûһ


197 
СƾصʵҲδϵǿ, ֮ǰ˶ΪӮϾܹԽˣ궼
ȴȫ෴ȻСƾء
˵У, ƽͨԺ˶һԽˡԭҪһһԼ, СƾȴҪӮ
СƾشƽͨԺԽȴ޷, Ϊ˲Լ
һ˶ǿ
Խһʱʧ, ɽһ, ̧ݺ۶ϸϵıˮ
ĹҪҵˡ/޿֮, ̧۵
Сƾ˫Ź/, ҪĳƸĻס֮ľԽԽ, һ˿̰
Ȳ̫֡˵仰, Ȼ鿪
ûСƾصĹ/ֱѹ, ڳ鵶ͬʱ̧ϥǡ
Ǹ˲䣬һһƽУֵε, ڽ, ʱ, תεСƾ, β
ͻ׷ʱؼλ
Ȼû˽㡭δ˵, Сƾر˲Ƶǰ, һ, ߿ͬʱסȣһӱ㽫䱧ˤڵء
ײһѱ·ѪϥǺݺСƾصĸȭԴ˵һò¡
ֱۺ͵ɾʮȣֱֱ£Сƾزǰקҿߡ
һײڵĻʦظеϢʵˮƽǸ˲Ἣ󽵵ͣСƾطӦ죬һϥÿշȥ
ֲνá
˺󼸲ŤŤƫͷŸͻɽսԽˣĵѱǿˡ
ײԽüʽһңԵǻɽ˲䱻ץסʧ
ƽͨԺʹĦ˹Уսң˭Ҳ˭Сƾغһһʽȫȥ
ѶУӵ³֡
ͻһ㲥˾סʶѶУУȥ
Ѷ3sУô˳֣
˶һü³ֵȴУ3sɽС
ɽȥһע
ֱֳ
˻ڲ£·ɣɽеĻ׸ˣ
ʲô˼ϰղŹȥעСƾصĶսûעôֵġ
ɽеĻ׸ĳ3sɻ
ʲôСϰһʱûӦ˫s׵ҶԸ˿Ҳǰˮƽ
ʹĦ˹Уʦ£ȫװ侲ͬУʦϵȻʮ׶ܿ
ȻУʦҲô¡
ɽҲͼһˡɵ
ǰʾӳԱ˼£ûκνļ󡣡·ΪɽеĻ׻ᷢ3sûǴɽкɽеĻƵġ
ɵͷԼ磬̧ͷˣͻƵġ
Ϊ̨ͬһʦƵģԺܿ3s
ڿʵȻܵﵽ3s
·ָڴߣ֪ʲôĸодų⣬϶ɽ˫3s
˻һֱֳʱһƬȻ
úõ˫sôͱ3sɽкɽֲھУ⣬θ֪θеĶսѵݻ͸
·˵ʲôȫţ˼ǱУԱûһ˫s
ʲô£

Ӧɺ7˹ԸƲڣҪֱʿֻý˴ڴϢ
ȻֵĪӦɺܲеʧ䣬ͬʱңҳֵԼˡ
ˣҪ˳֣ͳû˲ȵء
ӦɺӿڴͷһӪҺһ߿ֱ
·˵Ǿ仰ֱӰӪҺ˳
˵̾²ͬӦɺ֪ɫȾ£ղСƾسֱֳȾʵ
ӦɺűӣɣûǱǰںڳյϢкڳЩʻ3s׵˫s
ѵ̽Ļף
ԣĻףôʮǰˣںڳЩȫƷףʵ
ΪһʦӦɺӲɽĿһֱڵľͷϡ
ܷӳôǿʵ˵һʵʵ3sס
˫sױΪ3sףӦɺҲǰ̨ױ3sףĳ˫sס
ΣɺȻ̧Цһûй涨԰˫s3sõĲϻ֮ǰһġ
ˡ
жʱüΪӡ
ѶУǱߵʦˣʲôУĶԱȻڲ׾ֻѶУʵʵ

ֻһʱɽУ֮ǰװõͦãӹУǱߣ׼ָСƾˣȴڲӦǾ۾ӦҲǸտɽǱߣתĿ⡣
ɫ⴩ΧĲ֦Ҷǳǳϣë΢΢һѡ
һ˲俴ˡ
顪
Сƾһȭͷֱͷһȭ򵹡
泯쵹ʱֻüһ䣺ܳ
£ҲŰСƾء
͵һ㿪ȭͷѹСƾϣ˫ֵ
ʵúúüʶʶˡ΢΢һЦ
Ҷ¶ʦݣúøһԲʦƺš
һ뵽ô3sףͻȻ˷ܡ
ںڳͷʱ˼ʶʶˡ
һСƾԸоʽˣáֹ֡
ȷе˵ʽޣʱ㿪ӭĹСƾظĴǻһ飬һ顣
ûʲôֵĹߣֻεиĻס
Сƾһʼѹǵˣս֣ܿЩԾˡ
Щ𻵵Ļէһûʲôˣۻһ֮׵ȿʼˮ
Сƾǻ׵ŵΪ֮ǰĹڲʲôӰ졣ʼƴҪڻ׳ǰ
3sסǾͻȻ
**Уӵԣתͷ
СƾֱҸǿƣдڲǵ˿ڣطǻʦĵطǺһеؽڵĵطǾޱ鿴СƾϵĸֿӣÿһпڴӻʦĽǶȿ
ս״̬£Ѽªεġ
˵3sףʱ˸߹Ǿ˵ƹ޳š
ȵȣ޳ܻ׵ķǳӦɺ֣֮֮ǰΪӦɺȥĦ˹У󣬸Լķ
ڿ
ģ޳ģ


198 
ϵĵ̫,¹ǾòǷ޲3sס
һ˵ڻûзӦ
ƽͨԺӵĻʦһֱڹ۲Լλ׵״СƾʵͻȻǿ,ԼЩעɵ˿,ȻܿóֻǾѾǰ֪һǱڵĻʦ׼
˿Сƾػɵĸ־׼˿,ֻΪһɺϣͬʱܸоĲԾ
Ҿ˲̫ССƾصĹ/ƣֱָ˳ֱǸѿڲ˽ȥ
˿,ָҽֻСƾز˲׿ʼԾ
֪ˣ޷ٸܵǸѿֱ۵Ĳλ
СƾرҪԶ֮ľ룬ֻô뿪,ָ,һӵնֱֻۡ
ƽͨԺѶУ˿ɵ,ȫ֪ΪʲôСƾزֱ֣ۡ
ײСƾ۾˲䱻ɫȫǣսһֱ,Ƶˡ
СƾϵϢ,Сġ
ӦǾȻԺС
ĳĪ,ܸоԼ˽ӦǾˡ
ƫƫԷּΪ
ɫȾʵܻ᲻ϵõ㾡֡СƾתʱȶԻʱס
̧ۿŶСƾ,ԺӦǾˣͻȻоԼŽ˻µ΢о
Ͼָӡ
еεһ˦Ѻϵ˫ٺ£ΪֵСƾسȥԭΪһͻ׵ҪУ׾١ֻ֮ǰǱնȥβȽͣȫ֮£Ȼſһһǳۡ
Сƾڻײһ޳ĻײչҪ
ڲѾˣۿŹ/ͷӲסֱָͬ۶ˡ
СƾΪʧˣӹ/ԹҪ֮֮֡ȴҪ/ͷ˳Ĺһ󴦡
Ҳ̶ֱۣβиĦǻð
ʵһ벻Сƾץס˲䣬һѲľ
˵Ƿѵסʹʧȥֱ֧ͬʱϡ
ӦǾ˵Сƾȱ㣬ڵʱͬһȡ
3s׶սһСʧȫ֣˵Сƾزֹһʧȫǿһ֧š
ڱߵڵϣһֻõҲ󣬼ܻ׶¶С
һʦ㹻ˡ
Сƾδ꣬㱻жԴơ
ûֱӱ֡
ʱ䣬Դ顢סõȫˣЩר׶ľͲҪˡ
ϧǱֻãһжĲû취ãȻԲŹСƾصĻס
ҲֻһЩͨûԴ顣
ͷСƾصĻײϡãòţҲɡһȤԼֲͬĽṹԻʦ档
ⲻ֪ٶԡδľУǳж
УĻʦǵɴ۾ľٶоԼܵصĳ
ƽͨԺļָָ㡢ڸʲô
׳Ҫۡ
·ʱסż˹ȥ
ҼǵƽͨԺָӺͻʦĻ׽С硯оӡվһȱˤڼϡ
˿Լ׵ķаٷ֮ٵġ
Ѽ˴׷ȥһ飬һȦ·ѡһϺõ⡣
ûۿȥˣŪ֡
Ŀ֮һ·ʱף
ٸӡûʲôʵĹߣһʱҲȷʵƲ˼ףͲʵʵܻͬ׸Эӯ׹⻬ķ·һ壬޷ҵĸͻƵ㡣
ոտһ飬Ҳб㣬ҵߵһһĥӴǱߵķ϶
ɵˣû뵽һᾫ׼ҵط˲俪ʼ
СƾضˣУһͷ׵С
һ߲ףһ߻Ҫü߱·İ㣺Gǲ˸ǣʵҶ޻ⷽ滹ͦóġ
ЧȻͣҵĴԾ׼׽˼ʼղš
ˮƽһ㣬Ҳǵ3sʦ̾һ˵̨Ƶģ˹ȻΪңƲôõķףֻܲĻס
ô˵ӳѪֱԼ˳֡
죬պǱСƾأû취ٲ𼾼Ļףɨ˵վ

ȻУ˻ڶսĪ˿̾͸оʮְڿ
Դ˵Լ3sʦƽͨԺ˶סˣԽˡ
һǿԼʱս3sʦ˱ȫ޷Ტۡ
ѶУӵФ֣Уӵ֡ظ
ҵͬʱ֡
׼ȥסɽʱĿɨ뿪СƾǱߣŵΧľУûʲôͬĲʺͷŭֻ֪ղŶսУСƾصжǿ
ԽǰжֹˣСƾƺû취֧
ײڣͷԼ֣ûɱΪá
ȵ֪


199 ˵һ仰
Щ,УѶУӷֱֻʣһ׵ڻڶսУУĦ˹УԶռϷ硣ʣһΧ۵ĵ۹У
ʵ,УָѾƵƵ۹УǱȥ,ǲ֪ΪʲôӦǾҪŶתֻнһ΢⡣
ӦǾ󲿷ʱ䣬ĿⶼСƾغ,ڹ۲Ⱦ߶սʱı仯Լ
ղֲСƾصĻף۹УǱߵȻ𾪣ȴûʲô,·ֱ֪һ
滳ǲǰ֪3sףӦǾŻͷҪȷ
ߡӦǾת
۹УĿ죬ʱҲ죬ֻʣУԭضս

ȷˣ·,ӦǾʹǾ
ǾͷĦ˹УӵĻײУʦ޲,Ǹ޲,˵Ħ˹Улһ3sʦ
֮ǰսпͨ׽ṹڸ˵ͨ
ҡǾǿ֢,ǻɽĻȫ޲úµһ,һ㻮۶ûС
һֱ,ʦ̶ֳȣֻ׷ٽ״ȶ޸á
Уɽô£ͻȻǿô࣬ƽͨԺСƾҲǡ˾ͽα˰죬̲ס˳
ɽеĻ׸ĳ3sǾΪʦս,ʮȷ;ĢʱĻ׻ֻ˫sһϱŸˡ
˾ͽβ仰˼
ôʱڣܽһ˫s׸3sֻԭܻױ3sҺԼά֣Żᱻǵ˫sǾ֪ѾֵɽǲͬǣУǱͼʲô
ָӣ棿˾ͽüоͻȻУĴ㡣
ӦǾĿֱǰֻ涨ײøߵȼð͵ȼδֹ෴Ϊ
˾ͽεΪʲôЩУڲ׾
ƽͨԺУʵͻȻǿĦ˹УǴڱʦ˫޵ˣֻе۹УѶУԭ̤
ӦǾ˼УǶ˫ӵͼһ׾Ϊ˸õӮñع֮ǰıȻ뷨
һͬ⣬УˣƺҲ֪ɽеʵʱŵ񣬷ѯʡ

۹Уһ뿪ѧֱԽ͸ǺƽͨԺ͵۹У֣
ղŵ۹У˵±ӦǾֽ뿪ѧֱֻ̣ҪĦ˹УôţѶУҲλ
УѶУһֻʣһԻ㡣
ָ̧ͷ˴ڵĻҳָ̫߿ˣ۹Уôǲһܴù
۹УѾյȥˣܼս֣ǽʡʱ䡣ѧԽ˵ϣǶڵĻֶһ㡣
ϸ˿Լָףָ⻰˵е̧۳Ǳ߿ȥ
Σѧʸ۵ڶǵǶл֡
ڿǣɽȴֱӶϰͨˡ
ϰͨΪѶУˮƽǿͻ׵ȻɽмбƵˡ
غǰһԸɽӮ
ƫͷţ֮ǰϻƭң
ŵֻյ¡
ǵָӣҪҵζܣǹʵǰ͡һһء
ԶλԱ˵Ļۡ
Ȼһ룬ܾɽкϰͨս
ѧ֣
ǰԽ˱ͻɽΧӰսȻĦ˹ʤ㼫ټԽܼʽȣֻʱ⡣
һԽ˼ϣó϶ɽıᡣ
Խ˳.ǹתɽĹͬʱ̧һֵֻסȭͷȴֱ̧ۣסӣڵء
˿˲䣬˵һ仰ײԽһǷժԴ
ƽͨԺӵԽ˳֡
㲥оȻֳ䶨ĸоٿӻײڳԽˣ侲֮ǰʱš
GսʱҪר־ܷ񡣡һֲͣԽ˵ĻףһߵԽ֣ʻҪ
ȱøƣЩ棬òж˵Ļף̫ˡ
ĻԽȴûκβֻղǾ仰
עСƾء
ʲô˼
Խ˶һƴƽͨԺղ
ԸǺģƫƫֲԾȥСƾشӴʼڵӣעʲô֪ʲô

˭һѡӰ׷õܣͻ˵ȥ涼𶯡
ˡɽתǵս֡
Զһˮƽ3sսȻǶսʤ
ƽͨԺӵӰ֡
ӻײڳӰߵԽԱߣһԲ
ֻһ滹лᡣԽ˵˻ƣȻûлôɡ
Ӱȴһ㶣⻹һδӸֻ
ӵȫûǵȴԱߵʱĥ˵ġ
ûıӻУӱĦ˹Уɽһһ˳֡
·ʱף˺ͼһľڵϣһٿ
߲ѣǿطףȻ󡭡ˡ
ͬʱѶУϰͨˡ
˻ϣŶɽС
ôǱߵɽУֱ˦òɽʦ֮ǰôôң
ҶϰֻͨһӮĻᡣɽ
ɽдѶУλԶʵжǿ⻹֮ǰֵɽС
ɽҲ֮ǿУʵȻ
ò׾Ҳص̫˵㡣
ףǶڡԽУ黺˺뿪
ֱֳ
αǳϣû뵽УȻôǿĵϰ쿴ϰ֣ͨһŵֻĦ˹УܴܲӮ۹Уˡ
ƽͨԺԴɿžͷڴĦ˹鲻ŹκһƽͨԺˣȻҪ޶Դ
õƽͨԺԴ󣬴Ħ˹Уд·ʹûףȫǰ
۹УӦõͷϰٻлǰϵյ㡣
·Ѿָ侲ˣαϣյ룬Ƭشһܻ׵ԴԶԶ֧ŵ죬ҪԴ飬ͬʱо򦣬һսĵԴࡣķѵʱ䲻٣۹УϵյҲȻҪ׷ϣͷν
ѾӽβǶе궯Ϊλ֮ΪУĳ֡
УʦҲۣڵͷӦɺӷϢָеüΪ
˵ʲôʱѧ3s֪ʶ
Ӧɺӣʦؿۡ
Ǻǣҹȥ㰴
ӦɺӣˣʦҺˡʦˣټ
ͻȻߵѧȳһҪȺѧĶ䣬ǻʲôŵġ

ˣƽͨԺˣʽ档
ûˡɨһȦԭСʱ֮ȫٸ·
СʱרʦĻףĦ˹Уӣûʦֻϳһ̲ͣЪɽ׼顣
ȻĹڶѾ֪޻ףٿһΣȻ𺳲ѡ
úõĻױô޲أ


200 컹ҿ
˿ֻʣУ,е۹Уǰ棬Ѿӽء
һ޼ʵأһɳ,ɢˮζ,ԶԶȥżм˹̨ŸУӡ
ֻ˾ͽηɹȥǾ̨ľҪԴ顣
ޡӦǾջظصĸ֪,
Ϊ߻⣬·ϰҲ߲˶Զ,֮ǰûбĢԻ󣬸һȥ
ָӣڹȥ˾ͽεɸһ㣬Ӧܱ޲
ӦǾƬ,ͬ˾ͽιȥ,ƫͷλ⵲סˡ
ǡ
˾ͽδϱԴ,ǰȲٿػײϷɣ߶Ƚﵽʮײ,ϲһ,谭ǰ
̸֪·ӦǾ
رڶʮסӦǾ,ϷӴԻк
ҪάнԻʦԣҪּƽ,˾ͽΪһλɸѡΪ۹УӵһԱѶȣȫ
յ㳡ػ⣬۹УֻԹۿȺ
˾ͽοʼڷȥƽֻһ˫ڸƵ΢ȶάֻڿзС
нףһͷľȻڴڳ˾ͽηӦ죬ǰһξ룬ǲһҧĽš
ƵͣڵľֹһÿһξһʱΪ˶صľ˾ͽβò˶ܳʱǰˡ
ȵĦ˹Уϵʱ˾ͽβн֮һԴѾһֻ֣ҸղŴ˲Դ飬ܼǰС
ö㣡·ûм棬ʼҽǶġ
ĬĬǰǰһ
ǣͬѧĸƬҲУȻϴڣֱ˫ȼŻ˫־ٸ߹ԣЩľһġ
û꣬ͱƿ
̧ͣͷֹףҲвС
ͬʱҲߵ˼ǰ
ôôʱ䣬ûأָԶ˾ͽεһ˶࣬Ǿ⿴𣿡
ޱ鿴ǰһָѾԼ׽ָϡ
GǺú˵֡һֹͣƣ㿴ǵڣһʱҲֲʤ˵һһҲסͻ׵ȥ
겻Ϊ
ҲߵӦǾ棺յˣҶЪЪͻ׵ˡ
⻰˵ҲûͻˣɽҪɹȥ
ӦǾԾδɾ裬Ħ˹УǷ˽ʣһλУ
ʱĦ˹УԱͳһұ߿ȥֲ⣬ֻǱʲôĿӣͼΪյ̨ʲô⣬ûתͷȥҲ
һ񣬶̧־Ͷһ
ҲôˣϧӦǾûϵֵ˲䣬ƿ
ȿȣ汻ԼһֵĻǺסĨһҺó˽ҩ
ӦǾϳϵĻۣԻòݼ
ٿ۹УλȻУȫԻòݼĻۣ˲˹ȥ
ԱƮУӣ̩ӣֱһͷ˹ȥιȥˣ϶ſֵЦݡ
Ħ˹УӳԱһˢˢһǿûԽҩ
ɽ̽ףص̨ȥ˾ͽβͬûάĳ߶ȣһ߷һԻòݼĻۡ
Щľȫˣſϣֵ硣
ɽ׷ǰ˾ͽΡ
ҪѶУֽ
ʱѶУһ֣ǳһͷ׼ֻõֱ˳ˣĦ˹УŹκһֻ򡯡
޶ƽͨԺ޶ѶУѶУָӣӸѧǱ߲Դ飬˴ѴѵĽⶾ衣
ôⶾ裬ʵû̫ôϾ֮󣬽·Ѿʮ־öԱκζ
һ·յϣмͣʱֿˡӡ֪ǲӡ
ǻôҾӦŪ㡣ԼĽⶾ裬Ҫõ۹Уͬѧǿֿ֣ԵѰ
һļϣ½ⶾ裬ȥ㻨ۣЩƴ޶뿪ʱԻòݼѾ̱ڵϣ޿ˡ
صڡ
۹УӳԱУɽɹڱͻ׵Ľ
Ϊ˲ûɽ˾ͽ·׼ҲڱΣաȫſؿ֡
Ҳرյ㡣
ӦǾšü׼ʹø֪ڵȴȻһץס֡
ָôܴɱɱأվӦǾӦǾĸղ׼̧һֻƹذ׵
ָӣǾ𾪿޳ܵĻ׵Ȼһָӳ֡
΢΢ӦǾĶ֪࣬ӦָӸ֪ܹˣ֪컹ҵ죿
ǳĺڶߣ㹻ƫƫӦǾ֪ĸҶ֡
õǲСָӦǾŪ֣Ӧָӣ˵òã
ӦǾӱԲɱ⡣
ôţǾҶ¼ŭ
̫ˣָһû취֣Ǿ˿ǱߣֿֱԼΪʲôǵ
ղӦǾǿеֱ֪ѹ˻ȥòӪҺĲ䣬ֱ浹
ιˣթȻû֣Ҳֵġ
ιȥˡ߹˿ǿϧúõĳ3sָӣ⡣
û֡ԱһߵĹǾָɡ
Ǿ֣
šԥܾһ׼ء
㣡Ǿָָ㡢㡭Ѫˡ
ԣջذ׵֣ĨĨ·ȻһֵѪʺţʱѪ
ţеΡ
һ˲䣬ӦǾһˤڵϣ˫˫ԡ
һʦһָӣʱԼУˣؿŶԷ
ǱػɽѾ˾ͽΣһ·۹ȥ˾ͽιȻûں棬ҲӺ
үھͷϡϣٶ죬ɼƽʱѵû͵
нһʱɽ˾ͽѾɵ̨
̨Ǳ˻ײգֱӳֶս
ɽ˾ͽΣϹ
ǡ˾ͽγ󰶱߿ȥô£ָһָʾûС
ˣָӿ϶ˡɽοúúҴһܣ̫ࡣ
˾ͽβϣƴǱߣɽǲãСС̨ϲֱͣ
ˡү̨ϣһֻ֣˴к
ʲôˣϽ졣ɽͻȻû֮ǰգȥ
ǳԿʲô죬֮ǰԱ߱һѲɽˡ
ˣү˫һţֱ졣
˾ͽҲˣ·ȥ
ҡɽһţס˾ͽΡ
ץסʱǰڣ´Ħ˹У졣
ϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㡣ظһ飬ϲĦ˹Уɹִյ㡣
㲥һ֣ͣ˾ͽκŻɽתȥε۹У졣
ʱһУŸɽзɹֱȡ졣
ɽ˾ͽĿһ
ղɽзɹĶ׼٣ˮƽ֮ϡ
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˷󰶱ߣʱŷ֣ӦǾȫС
ܾˣԱߣʽ档
ǣӦ֮ǰսʱˡֿ棬ָ֧
Уɹִյ㣬¾죬ǳȥ


201 ϵѪ
һмֱøý˷,Ȳ˵Ħ˹У޶һʦ֣ʱ㲥һͷ,ȫ۴Ħ˹Уιòλ֡
ӵһ,ѿĦ˹У޶ȣôô
ܶ˿ʼۣΪĦ˹Уÿһõھ,˵ȫǿλ˵۹Уָ,ȻҲòһ
ڴĦ˹Уʦ֣˵һǺ
ĸУʧȥ˻ʦεģǻʦյľ֡
µȶֻά˲һСʱ汻Ģĳִ,ýȫ׼췽ҪУĢϡ
֪ĵõСϢ,Ⱥ֪ʮµġ
ʮҪоУ᣿
Ҳһ,ȷʵֻҪ֧һᣬ˸ϹԮ
,һΪĦ˹У˴ιھ,ʮҪоУ,ҪУʵû뵽ʮˣʧ
ǰΪʮ˶أڿҲˡ
˰ɣǰװģ㿴ʵ,Ħ˹УЩӶš

͵ϲڶֱĦ˹УУĢͷ⡣
ʱý壬һĦ˹УڵĶƬƵ˻
ƵȻԴĦ˹УΪǣȫУԱ˲䣬ƴϼ
Ǳƶ˵תۣҲ󲿷ѹڸĹۡ
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Ħ˹УߣУҲټ˳ȥ
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Ӧɺÿ϶һʱǻΪӦɺڵݣÿ춼ȥ

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ûͨѶͷҽҩ򿪣óʪ˳ڶԱߵ˵һлʵ죬ӵ֪ͨ
УȻڣǸĻ˸ۿڣڰ·ϣӵ֪ͨ˵ҵʧٵľУѸٸ
ŤͷԹĻеӦɺһһٵģһչ˺ø硣
ӦɺӣҶͨѶҿ
С
ʪһӦǾϵѪ߰Ƭʪ㽫Ѫɾ¶ԭӡ
Щֿʼ˹ӦǾϵѪһһ
վǰУںֳͨѶŶһ߰ӦǾɾѪ
УҶͨѶ󣬷ڻָԭļȰУ󿴿ҿ󳶳һµʪӦǾɢĳʪķβ
׵ʪ˲죬βѪȾ棬ɢ졣
һ·ϣ͸£һʪˡ
ҽԺˡ
һȥ۹УѾҽԺſڵš
ű̧ӦǾǰôˣ
ɱʧٵľУУֱ˵
һ㶡
ӷУŸոտʼͿʼ¶ˣ
㲻Ħ˹һУϡУοӦǾв֪
˺ǷУͦˣǽȥ
ҽԺҽţӦǾȥ
ҽûź棬ʼꡣ
ԭղλУĻڻ
·ϡ꿴У˵ǲģ
ദô꣬ļٵңҶͨѶͷȺ﷢Ϣ
Ϣһ̧ͷҽҪӦǾңסβ΢ЦҴˣûˡ
Ҫڵĸ֪һλҽ֪ңҪ̽иš
ҽҾǲ̫רҵϵӦҽˣҽʶ˵ĿǰΪҽ
ڳô죿ҽŤͷŵ۹УӳԱ
ţû¡߹ȥ̽̽ӦǾıϢƽȡͬѧأ
ĿӹԱߵУˣסԵҽ


208 ȫߣ
갴סܴ˵仰,۹УӳԱʶʲôǰվһ
֮ǰ˵ҽУһۣԷͷȻҪҽ,ʲôⲻҪ
ҽɿ,׷뿪
ΪӦǾ⣬ֺЩȥľУй䲻,Ǳƽһ䵥У棬ֹӦǾ뿪
ڵ,ŵ滮קӦǾǰȡ
ɣü,Ȼ䲻,ͬʱ̫Ҫ,ְӺڵһ̣ʲôҲû˵ڡ
￴ָӾ,ԻȥˡԱ˾ͽҲ,ֱҪ
̧,ڱУָ˵Ҫߡ
˾ͽΣ
ʲô
˾ͽʱ½ţǰ㣬ְӦǾɢϵҷ,ᡣ
Щ⳯۹УԱȥЦЦʮơ
˲۾ǹǾ˾ͽΣǾǵ۹Уָӡ
չ죬ӦǾǵ۹Уָӣȴɢվڷڡ
ͷȺϢĦ˹УʦѾУӣӦɺӼ߸
һᣬУӵ֪ͨҽķ·ϡ
ɫѿģ
ҽķͨҪ󼸱װŸֻӦǾһãؼʱ̨̣һСͻҽԺķڻˣͨ޷װôණ
·Ǳ߸ûҽԺֻҽԺУﻹܵһ̨ȥҪȥˡǵȵȣϵάԱȥ
ά޷ٺķСʱҽԺȹȥͷҽһع
ȻЦһ̧ͷˣǳɺϹø磬·һҽ
ҽûãЩһ˹ǾüӦɺӻͨ޷һСʱ޺á
̾ǲޣ
ͷһ۹ԣŶѾӵҽŷһ
Уŷ
ЩĴͷ
У۹УļҲĻʣƱǴͷ漸ƽʱܽСͷȥѲķҲֻˡ
һֱԼڵȽͣ΢΢һЦ·мҴͷרꡣ
ôˡУԥ
ȴžͺˡ
ΣУ֮⣬һְףǴרꣿ
Ǯôд٣ŵǮҲֱӷתϰ壬ϰ϶ģִͷһ̨ü겻ÿš
ˣ
ֿ̧˿ʱ䣺ŻʮӣǾ͵ˣУġ
УҲ˵ˣֱӵͷ߳ȥ
һҹעҳһţУʦǴ󲿷ָĻ˸ۿڣ۹УʦֳӣһӸҽԺһҲȥ˻˸ۿڡ
ȥУʧٵľУ˵ֵĴĦ˹Уǻ˽״ңΨһһλ˵ֵ˱ǵ۹УӦǾ
۹Уɴȥ˵ͨ
ʮӺ󣬴Ħ˹Уӻ룬ҽҽƶӽڲҪӦǾпټ顣
ÿλãߵӦɺԱߣƫͷ濴ȥ˻
ӦɺӶŲϵˣһĻƺ͵ø緢龰غϡ
һϵм飬ҽ΢΢˿ûˣֻǻ˯ȥˣĿǰڸ֪ȶ徫ϸ仯Ҫרҵ飬Ҫȥҵķϡ
ӦɺǰסܳһǣҪŹȥ
ҽʲôҰ㿴ڵ
ͻȻˣǶԴ⡣ҽ鷳ˡ
΢΢һЦ鷳˵գҽƶһȥ
ǾָıӰţ
ԭڵ˽Է׷׳ȥ׼תĿĵء
һȥѾ˹ˣſںУ
ҪȥģŤͷʵ
ҽҪӦǾϸļ顣ҹȥǿġ
㻹޷ʳ˵ʡ
ȫ飬Ӧþˡ
Ǿں仰Ʋ죬ԭǸûе֣ȻԲѿſޣ
УҪҪȥĿڶԷϡ
أȻʦˣͽǣǻҪȥ˸ۿڡУͽнӣǰӦǾɱУˣϣٽúÿס
ڶ˵⻰۹УӳԱڻ˸ۿڣӦǾ֪Ĳ뷴֪η
ûشĻУȥ˸ۿڡ

ʱӦɺӼҪһȥ˶ܾˣӦɺֻͬԱߡ
ɽͽ桢˺͵۹Уӵһվ档
Уվλμ
֮۹Уʦ˹Ҳ˸ۿǱߵֻϵۿڵʦ
۹Уվһߣڵ
ѪˡͷָŻɽߵֵ
ɽ̯ƿȻı˺ü
ӷּװ䵽ڣһ·ȫûʱ۲Լ
Ǳҽ䣬һ¡ɨģղŵʱŪģ
ɽҡͷڻ˸ۿڡ
Ӳ΢ͷˣȲ˵ڿ㵽ʲôбǸװ䣬֪㵽ʲô
ָ֤ʵӦǾֵ֤ݡ
ԭ֮ٽ棬һ𿴿ĵʲô·ˡ
˲䣬ɽԥˣʧٵľУСƾأζ鲻򵥡ӦǾΨһĳ3sָӣôҲҪס

һСʱ󣬼Уʦд췽ȫˣҪӦǾ
顣굲ſڵ
жãƽͨԺʦʵ
˫УƿţˣҪȽ
ҪӦǾƽͨԺʦֱ˵
üûѣ١
ɱˣƽͨԺʦϵǿƾоУǵһ·ʱ
Уʦ棬û˵ɼ١
ߡƽͨԺʦ˵
Щ˽ȥ淢˳ͻӦɺӲǴӦǾ
ʲôʲôڽȥɽͽ
֡
Ǳø磡
֣
ţ
ǸΥ
Ҳʶ֣ŵλδ˳
һƬҡ
ƽͨԺӴһʼӵϢѹŭ𣬵̲סŭһȫߣĦ˹Уһ
ȫѹ˳˯ӦǾ
ԱΧۣҲûֻǲʹͽ漸˲ʦ
ڸʲôһ۽
ƽͨԺʦ˰죬һ֣ߣֳ


209 
Ħ˹У,ΪǵһߣԭҪߣѰ±ץˡ
ϻ˯еӦǾ,һ,ȫߡ
˷ֳ䷿һ䵥ӦǾһѰµĻɽԼӦɺӡ
ȥʻˡ
ԭϰηĴΧ,ˣܲϣ
ܵѹԶ濿ǽߵڶӦǾ
Ҳû뵽װǸ,СƾˣЩʧٵУ
ֻǴ¿һۣЩ˿ڲȫе˺ЩӲϵġ
ʲôʱѹˣŻڻ˯ӦǾ,˵û𣿡
ԵʱҲ̫ˡ
ˡӦɺΨһһŴ,̧ͷ
ĸһûһ˵,ģǽмأڿš

ǵһӦǾɱ˵ľУ,ѵʱͷβ˵һ顣ѶУʦǰ,ʵ
󿴿ҿʦ,ûֽ
Ѷʦ㻰
ͷʾףʦҲǷˣûֽɣ࣬ܡ
Ȼش⣬Ҫͼתƻ⡣Ѷʦ,оУˣ
ֱ壬ͻȻ˫סԷϵ֣ϵ۲ѶʦֱϣһҴ˵㾪֣õģʦ̫ˡҾһ㣬ֻǵһӦǾڼװڵˣûɱˡ
ԭһ򿪼װӦɺӣˣ˸Ϲʱֻ棬װߴͲ̫࣬ϵʱڵԭ
ͱǵһҴ򿪼װˣӦɺֻǸź档
ѶУʦֱͻȻУŪûʣѸٳֲ֣óȥɾֻܰԼ·ϲɾ˵
ģҷǶһˣһӰҾȥ׷ǶӵӦɺӸҺܣ˷װǸװ䴫ѪζҴ򿪼װţ淢ӦǾǶĳԱ
ѶУʦȵþһ仰ź󣬿ӦǾذ״̽ǸʧٵľУǲǣ
ǡ̷ϣʦʱװôڣûֻںӰ
ǿƣôῴѶУʦȻȵ
ֿڵʦ۾УҪ۾ãɱǾУԱˣһץסʡ
ӻԱԼ췽Ĵ濴ţ·򿪻Ͳͬѧõģˤ΢ͷѾҵ֣ùȥ޸һصʱ¼񣬵ʱ֮ܽԷ
ŤͷߵĴӣ·⡣
ѶУʦӣԼȥʱӦǾǲǴڷ״̬
ûɡǡ
ǻǡ
ǡϣҪǷסϾֻһͨ3s
ѶУʦƤЦⲻЦƬƵǰЩǲľУ˵һ顣ȷûмӦǾ֣
ûСƬŴӼװƬ֪ǲӦǾǾУˣǻøлϧ⼸λУûоȻ
ѶУʦ
ѯһСʱʼڴ̫ѶʦʹǸòӦǾܺߡ
ƽͨԺʦüҪȥס
ŭĻƽͨԺʦֲҵķʽһλһԴ׶εĵ
˭Ἣŭ
Уʦ˼ϣֵ˾ӦǾһˣƱػᱻǵ۹УʵᱻͬʱУõλͻ֡
ųУʦڶɫ졣
ס˵ߣʱ䲻ˣȥϢʲô˵
֪ˡҲûʽ漸ˣֱӻصҡ
Ϣˣҹһû˯á
Ҷû˽ڶһӦǾȫѹ
һѣ㷢ˣ̽Ӧɺӣøˣ
ӦɺٿȻߵſڣø磬ô
¡ӦǾɫҹÿһЩǵõϢֻӺ滹Щۡ
ͷԼ֣ûѪ
ҹָ춼ȾѪС
ӦǾƫͷԼͷβѾˣѾûѪա
УӵôӦǾ̧ۻʵĿɨ棬ֻĸˣ档
šڵϣ£Ҳһ
ǽϷȻһֱڿţӦǾһ˽Ҫȥʡ
ӦǾһе־壬ʶ˼ļˣһõסֽš
Ӧɺڶ濴ֱüȷˣھõ
ͷǸȷΪԷصҪװϵģ
ҶˣܷܲǳȥԶͻȻڵſڣ־ҪץסԷ
šԷ
ΪʲôܳȥֻǺʦ˼䣬ҴˡˣǳȥԵ㶫ү޵ߵҲеģ
ûѺӦǾȥ
Ķˡ̾
ûôúóԷָ߶ȽһϣںòӦǾˣҲɡ
ȥʳóԷվ
ôȥţôҲͳԵڱʣ
ӦɺӴӶͳߣͷ
Ӻ󣬡աһſˡ
۾󣺡ⲻ̫ðɡ˵һڳȥ
˳ѹû˹ܣǹ߳ȥֱȥʳóԷ
ʳõ˸٣ûˡ
ĸ˵ͷԷʱ˽ˡ
ôˣʳõţһ
ˣû˸´ˣ
˼дģˣղŵ۹УӼ˶ȥˡ
ڲȥѶңɽʵ
סˣȥ󲮣ʦͬǽȥŻɽɴ֣·޸õȥˡ
ɽü޸ˣ
ûáҡͷ˸ⷽĸ֡
ȥʱʲôܣ
ҡͷֻѪζҿʱӦǾȷʵ̫ѡ
Ǹѹһ
ȷʵûдѥΪһ3sָӣܲٿģн񱣬⽫˲ɱĿܱСο׿˲˵СƾطǸȾߡ
ӦǾνķ޻̸֮岻õġ
˼š
˳緹ҡѶߡ
ΪҪĿߣԽȥĸˡ
Ҫȥؽաֵ
ˣ
ȡڱһǸҵġ
˵գ˴˽ȥ
һ䣬㶢Ž漸ˣʲôʱģ
ϡ
˭ǿţ
ҡ̷ϡ
֣ʦǸԼͿˡ
Ȼţһ۽ӦɺӣѶߡ
վ˱컹ж࣬۹УӻƽͨԺӣУ֮佣ţŭĿӡ
¼ĵм䣬ȴϰʡ
ȥ˵棬ݸӦǾõࡣ
תǽʲôҲûʦҲ
ƽͨԺԱһУӳԱѶУУӳԱȫ
ӦǾνл㣬оУ˶һع
ȻֻͷŸɵó¡
ӪҺԱߣӿڴͳ֧ӪҺҽġ
ϱ֮ǰ͵͵Ҫġ
ллӦǾ˹


210 ǰ
˶мӦǾ,һں²á
Ҫ˵ʲôûСǴͬѧѰ,˼֧ӪҺһࡣ
ʱ˿,˶޲ӦǾҵ֤ݣ
һٶ,ڴ
۹УӼ˿ľٶҲζֻŹָû,ȴû뵽Сϸڡ
ڼӦǾĺӪҺʱɫ˲ˡ
ǴӦǾڻ˯бιӪҺǵһӹ˵ӪҺ
ΪӪҺϳ⣬ӦǾӲܳҽκ˸ӪҺ
ô
ӦǾƬ,ֿ,뼵,ȴͻȻһС
ʣûӦǾĳˡ
ʱû,ֱӷҽӦǾҡ
޸õ¼Ƶ·ϰһŽ,óһſ,ӦǾӦͬѧڽѶǰʲôҪ˵ģ
ӦǾҡͷ
ãɡ·̧֣ʾӦǾѶҡ
ӦǾ,߽ȥϰ·Žȥ
ϰ죬·ʾһϵ֤ݡ
ѶҵһأֻʣһĵǰվöǸУʦ췽ĴԼھˡ
ʣµľУֻܼһǿ¼ͷ
Ӧɺȼǰ棬Ŀ⡣
˸ãӦǾһһ棬λ˿̸Ǳ˹ԡ
ʧģϰʵ
֪ӦǾûӡ󡣡
ǰһڸʲôϰ컻һʷ
˯֮ûʶ
ǰһ˯ʧȥʶʼϰʵ
ҲΪҷˡӦǾͦΣѶң·𼴱˵ɣ侲ԡ
ûзΪʲôСƾԼЩʧٵУӾУȫ·ͷϣ̧ͷʵ˭Сƾ䵽ֵز
ӦǾ·ΪҽٳɱСƾصʲôƽͨԺΪ壬Ϊ˶ܹھҲӦö֡
·΢΢һЦ˵ǰһʧȥʶ֮󣬲ŻСƾأڴ֮ץУӵˣɱ
ûвӦǾ̧ۣһظ
·ÿɷͷļƸԱߵϰ죺ϴҽǱļ鱨棬ʾ⼸֪һδ󱬷Ȼܲסְĸ֪֤ʱ䴦ڷ״̬
һѶЩ궯üžͷڵӦǾ
ӦǾ˵ӣָҲȫпܡ·ʱת
治֪ܼ⵽״̬ҲǱ߼ʲô·ʱ׵Ļʾ˵ҲûãҲǵ۹Уˡ
·ʱףǣһϾľӦǾˡ
תͷǺȵ
У̰˵
Ѷڡ
ϰ췭ӦǾⱨ棬̧ͷ棬ҽͨѶ
ĵȴͨˡ
ӦǾļ鱨սʾʲôϰҽ
ĻӦǾȻ֪˵Ļʲôɫء
ҽ鱨Ѿʵʵ˵ϰ𱨸ϵ
ҽ˱۾ʾǾʱ֪ڼƽȵ״̬ǰη״ơ
Ҳ˵λ֮ǰһˣϰʵ
ǣǰβûôȻ֪˼װ¡
ϰĻʲôֶΣʵˣ㹻֤ɵ⡣
ҽ޷⣬ϰͨѶ
Ǹԭ¼Ƶ·ŽطŻڡ
ĻɽԾԼɴ֣ˣ֪·ĸ֡ʱû˲żģ·ͻȻ
˶ѶڵĻط¼񣬴ӴĦ˹У˸ۿں̨΢ͷ㿪ʼС
ֻĦ˹УڲͣѲ飬жȫձ׼УûаиһֱȥӦɺӣʱͻȻŤͷһ׷ȥ
ӦɺӷӦ죬һң˹ȥʱ΢ͷѾЩȡ
ԽߵƹԽ·Ƭ̣㵽ӰϵĻںڰŹ⣬Ӧɺ׷˹
¼Ƶطʾͣ俴ǵȻʧȥ׷ٵĿꡣ
˻ôȥ˷װʱŤͷֱֱһߡ
·ȻָͣŹĻʱ˳磬ԼװǱߵѪζ˳ŵɼװжѪУеѪ3sָӴһϣζմѪҲܰȻ
ӦǾŹĻڵˣ··˵Ĳ
·⣬ȰƵꡣϰ·
ƵţĵܽװǱ߻ûеƣĵòģģģֱͣʱӦɺӳ嵽ǰ棬ңڵϣʧȥƣˤ
˲ģۣȻָѾվڽ˼װڣӦɺվ棬żװڡ
һֱĲǿƷڵֻյ棬СƾغУ֫ɢڼװյӦǾһĦ˹Уסˡ
ֻܿĦ˹Уһ˫ȡ
֮Ǹ̨ǿƻҪ˼ͻȻһٶһѾӦǾְ̧Ρ
Ｔ·ٷŴҲֻõӦǾŴĦ˹Уֲûؿڴذס
ƾһ㣬޷ӦǾ֡
ں£ڶĦ˹У͸ľӶˡ
·뿪ڣѶҵŴ򿪣۹УʦŹԣӦָӵͨѶ
ϰ̧ͷĹԣӦݡ
Ѿ֪ˣƾ֤޷֤ӦǾ֡ӦޱʧȥʶѡУΪǶıݺΨһĳ3sָӡ
ӦָӣΪ˿ӦǾƸ·ָҵ֤УͷβֻӦǾһˣӦָʲô֤֤Ƕģ
ȷ֤֤ɱģӦһǽһ˵һԿӦǾʵǰ
·ͷͬ⣬ΪڲǰӦǾܲμӱ


211 ø

Ҫһ,Ѷ۹УʦҪԡ
⼸ھĦ˹У£ӦǾȻǵ۹Уؼˣڽ,Ҫѹ۹У
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ʦ˵Щᱻ𣿡үסСԼ
ԱߣƼһ䣺ûй涨עԴǣܵͷ
̾һǲעˣҲá
ԱЩʦɫѾˣֲһֱûУԸʹĦ˹УǾУϵ¶һԣ˻ֲ淽ϲתƻ⡣
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ϣʦڲǰҪֱӽָͷϡ˵֮󣬻һһٶڳʦ֣ؾһ
ͬѧ˵ĺܶԡɷµͷŤͷɨһȦʦµý֤ݣ˭ܱԩʦģ򡣡

Ħ˹УⲨϣղȺֻ֮𽥻䡣ЩгĦ˹У·ʱ˼ҵ۹Уû°ӣֱϰԴˡ
ڴĦ˹УȻ䵱ˣΪ۹Уǵúã棡
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Ѷⳳ֣Ҳûֹͣۡ
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㲻ѡϰȻúÿ
ϰ׼˭ţߴӵ۹УƽͨԺٵĦ˹УЩ˶ֳɵģһУ˲̫ãһ۹УܣƽͨԺΪǶԱҽÿ켸УһӦǾ
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212 δ뿪
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ÿм䲿֣Էͣһʱ䣬ߡ
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һ֪˺ű˱ȻǱУеĻʦΪÿһζԷʧߵʱ䶼Ǳڼ䡣
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ŶӦǾ˰βŸɷϢʦƺһ¡ҳʵ壬ǱסӦǾû˵Լס
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С㣺Ҫôͬ
ûǮףٺúһ룬ʦҲܸʲôô
̴Ϣ޶ëܾôͬ⡣
С㣺֪֪ר͵ǰģ


213 ճ
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С㣺Ϊϵͳô״,ô,Ǹֿ⣿
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Ҳûȫ˯УֻҪʲôվڴߡ

ҹԽԽ
ڰУӦǾۣŵذϱ˯ʵԼʧǶʱ䷢ʲô
һ㷢ԼһƬѪУϱ۲֫ɢΧذףڴĦ˹УС
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ճģͼȿһʱ䣬ܸõı


214 ֻҪĻס
ӦǾ,Ӧڸϵǡ
ӦһصȱˣԹӦǾ,ǿӲҪʦ͵ʱڳľһ𿪻ֺĴ
Ҫ˶,ʣЩУֻܸظңҸѡ
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ȥƽͨԺУΪ⣬УѧȶԱûˣı״̬ȶ۹УĹǣһϢ
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ӦɺᣬҲУǵҪøһܡ
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215 ̽
ʧپУʱһ,ӦǾΪشˣһڽһ,۹У油ָӡ
ĿǰУ仯,ʵֿʼ۹УʧȥƣƽͨԺӺòһСƾ,ȻⱻɱԭǰõľУһһǱ
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ɽУɽСʦŴɽкϰͨı,ڴܼºФĹȻϰͨ
ϰͨѶУǿĵǻɽ϶һһӮʡ
ˮƽǰѻ׸Ļô򵥡ʦתͷŹĻϻطŵƵɽεĶսһˡ
˻һ˶Ťͷſǰŵˡ
ͷζԼָףʦĽ⣬ûʦ̧ͷȥ˶Լ

ֻ̧˻ӣˡ
ʲôˣһ
֮ΪɽеʵŽУʵǰʦƵɽնĢĻ棬ǰ󲻵롣
ƵɽȻͻˣеĲĢײȥʱЩͼı˿ȫնϣٶȷǵûмӿ졣
Ҫ֪֮Իͻ֣֮ؼһԭֻ׵ͬͻ׹ǿٶȽͻҪ
һĻУɽΪһͻ׵ٶȾȻܳԽꡣ
㹻ɽеʵǰֵôƽƽ
ɽ̳֣֮Ҳ޷Ԥʵɽһ̥ãѲȥ²ˮƽȽϽӽʦ̾˿ĿǰҲ㲻϶ã۹УƽͨԺ£Уð˳
ȸ꣬ʦȥˣֻʣ½Լӵˡ
Ƕڵļأűǵĸ֪ȼ
ûСУǱֻ˵ɽкɽвǽ췽ҲûҪУȷӵĸ֪ȼ
ʲô˼⣬3sʲôܡ
δ˵꣬ŤͷһҳɽսȷʵһܲҲǳ3s
ǰӳԱƮɢ
ɽǶûǡ
ӦǾԸµġ
ЩеûġΣȻ3sơ
ʦ˫sֿԵֵ3şͷ3sױܵӷӳ3sҲ˵
οӦ̫ͬѵ궼ܵõĶ
սԽǿԽҪ̷Ӧʱ䡣
ľѳۣǺúѵǼǲʲôǣ
ҶʱһԡŲ
еðͷΡ
ʦ磬ҪȥԷˡ
ټʦ
żѧ֮󼪣˫ֱأš
ָʲô¡ֹˮľ硣

صңռһɳֻɳϣռϢɽֱɳм䣬һƨɰȥ
Ӧɺӣ˿סøճģͣš
ҴҪȥø硣ӦɺСճģװڣźú󣬶ҹȥ
ɳϣ绹ҪɵĿΣүȥ
ȥҪҿŽ档үһڻؾֻ̱ɳϡ
Լ˻ɽҲܾ
ϰȻϣӦǾʱʦͼֵأĦ˹У⼸Ȼ˿ָӺͻʦ뿪벽ڶ˯Եķ䣬ȫڿϢ
ȥСʱӦɺӶ˫ֺʮе㵣Ӧݻø磬СӦݾӦҵڶǵΪ
ô
һ鲻ʽģͣҪҪ
ͦĸʱģʲôͣ
ӦɺڹϴݽṹǰӾɼջģǸʱ֮ļ꣬ͻ׷
ɨһ۽ṹֿ½ṹֱӵɽ
Ǹʱ󼸰꣬ɻңȫ½ṹϣϧûʲôĴֻ£ûʲô̫мֵĶϲ½ṹԷ˼·
ʱԷ˼·߲ˣŵºĲλûʲôãûпȡ֮

˴ҡ۹УǱȥһ·ҲǳȺӣȻʧٵ¼˻Ӱ졣
۹УҴ¥ſӦɺӣ⡣
ȥӦǾӦɺӻھʲôڣѾ˵˳
ϵ˵۹УңĦ˹У˵Ҫȥ
ӵѶӦǾ㶣Ƭ̵
ȫûᵽõӦɺӣ
һ¥
Ϊʲôס޴¥ܱǺãһ·ȥеᣬ֮ǰϰƺҲȴĦ˹УĴ¥Ҫá
ٶӦɺӿذ嶼ȴĦ˹УҴ¥ҪõȵУҲǵĺúܶࡣ
ԭˣǴĦ˹У̫
ߵ۹ǰӦɺе㲻˼ǰˣȻ뷵ˡ
ʵҲ̫ϤӦɺѾʼˣҪǹ
춼ǽϡֱ̧š
ŵӦǾţſڵôˣ
̧ۣоӦǾɫǰöˣԱÿһõ˵Ҫ㡣
ȻøӦɺӣһƻݻƵͷŵغ޲
ӦǾĿõϣÿ˵
һȥŷӦҲڿӦɺӴ˿̺޲ôضԼ
֮ǰһǻѪҪοø磬֮󣬲øϵҲ̫ϤӦҵڶħͷҲ
ͷҸȥʱѾӦݶΨһһɳϡ
Ӧɺӣ


216 Ա
֮ǰ,ӦǾӦ̸Կûˣڷڡ
ӦɺӻŤŤʱ,ѾӦݶ,ȫûκβڣֳ̧Ӧݴ˸кĳ̶ԱߵӦɺӺ޲ܳȥ
ʲô£Ӧ̧ͷɨӦɺ,дѹ·һҪʼʷˡ
ӦǾԹ˵,ײᣬָָ̧Ӧɺӣ䣬
ӦƵӦɺϣ֪øʲôʱôˣ֮ǰϺȣ
,ڻǰһ£
ӦɺһʱûӦ,ԭء
ʱڱ,Լ񡣡ӦǾڵ
Ħ˹Уûֱ֣Ѿ㹻ˣӦȻ֪,˳,ȴδϵӦǾ˵
ӦݺȻЦһ,Ӧɺӵ
ӦɺӵͷƹԱߣֱͦ˫ַڲ£ϥϣø磬ûкõ㣿
ҽ˵ûʲô⡣ӦǾһԱ,λ֮ǰĵط
֮ǰǾ˵һֱȵҽȥӦݼ˵лĻҲűĿǣȻҲǻʦһŲϱԼʮòˡ
̱˻һǰ˫סӦݣллӦָӣǲϱڿԸ𣿡
Ӧݣ
Ӧɺӣ
Ӧָӣ˼ֻǾ֮ͣáӦɺͼԼӦݺøе
лһʮϾС̴ϵˣҰҽ޺˷̳ʱõĴͷԵȡ
˵ͨѶȥԴο棬˵ӦָҪ⳥ǵʧǸˣ
浱žƻٶʮǱңͷǧ򣬻һ·ϴƷǧǱҡһǧٶʮǧǱңָ⳥ǧʮǱң
ŤͷӦݣӦָӣ𣿡
Ӧݣԡ
Ǯʵڲ࣬ôô
ӦɺѾ޲öŶһֱøģΪʲôծģ
ڱֳʼ˲ϱһѡʮϣȻѱ񴫸Ӧɺӡ
ӦɺȻ˼ȴԥ˹ЩϹƶӦָӵ˽أȫǺöӦɺӿɳܵĶˣһӲѡʮ
˵ɣӦ֮ǰǵ˼Ҳˡ
˵ʵͲģǽˣô֮ǰ±һʹôܵ۹У˵ӦǾӦϵڽչ
ϧӦݵ˵һ䣬̧ͷôǾҲͲǷʲôˡ
ˣں
ҪʲôӦǾ
ԡɳϣӦݵȣյõʮϣˡ
ԱӦɺӾһᣬøûҪʲôûпһۡ
ԽԽᣬӦɺŤͷĿƵ
öӦݵͷϢ˲䣬̧һѰסӦɺӵסλɬӲͷŤһߡ
ӦǾǱ߿һۣǱδ̫˵㡣
˼á
ӦǾվڰ̨ǰϴ򿪣ڱУŵ̹һ֭ǰֽ֭ݸӦɺӡ
˲ݮζӪҺûʲôɿڵģӹͷһںȾ
ŷ治ֻǳ֭Ȼ˵ӪҺɷ֣ȥĸо
㻹ҪҪӦǾһں꣬˼űӣ
ӵݸӦǾӰֱ̨ùƿ߹һֵݹӣӦǾĬĬ
˵ľٶӦüͷšƤδ̫˵㣬˭ô
ٿӦɺӡ
ͷǸװű֭ıӣͲûᡣ
̫ж̫жˡ
ȥˣøȻǵԼϲȵϡ
ӦɺажᣬѾøʵԼҪάֳ3sĸ䣬ԲŻԼ䲻ԼΪ˲ӦҶҲǱӵܵķ緶ȡ
ѾûƤûˡ
ӦɺֻϧűӣȫûԱøƿѾڸ屭ˡ
һ죬ܻýɷãϣùסԼ졣ӦݰѹǾΣûô˺ˣηݺ
ͷ걭еĳ֭⻰˵Ҳûʲôá
Ӧüͷδɣ˵㿴ָӦǾеϵƿңҾýǰ
üӦǾַ̧ߴҡ
ӦǾ¶ǳȣͷӸǺãеƿӵݸڿԱ𣿡


217 һǶɵġ
ӹʣ°ƿĳ֭,üӦ
ˡԱߵӦɺӾҪ뿪
ӦɺǸС᲻÷£滹ø絹ı֭
ӡӦɺûгϢӣ̧ͷӦǾ
áӦǾӦ
˳ȥ,Ӧݲϴŵѹƣ̽Ϣ
Ҫ¸,ָѾѡˡӦǾ⣬һ3sָӣҲӦˡ
ⳡûȥ,Ҳʲôõ۹У񡣡Ӧʼնڻ

Ӧɺ߳۹УҴ¥ӦɺϧС,׼ûȥճģһţһŤͷһƿϡ
ģ
ӦǾġ
Ϊʲô㣿Ӧɺӿ˿ԼСӣٿһƿоԼ˴
ڷѡƳһۣղԼ,˭
Ӧɺӵ˼,û̫
Ӧݿø绹ղõĲϱ,ȫǺöЩǮ򵽵ġ
һ˵£ӦɺڻָѣҲе,ЩϲӦҲֿе,вٹǴӻҹǱŪ,Ӧָӵ˽ղء
ӦѪ飬ԴӦˣǺӦɺӲͷһȣҪø硣
ڿ,ӦǾƺԸ顣
ֻȥø磬ݱծ˼ҵı˳ˡ
ǳ֭úȡͷеϣеڣӦҪǳһŶԣȻֻҪһƿ
ͨѡ˾³һϣرĳɷ֣ѸٲӦרΪ۹УƵģֻǣǺȲӦɺӶԵ۹УǱ߻ǱȽ˽ģУ֮ǰѧУ˰ٷ֮ʮȥ۹УǾȥιۡ
˵ʵôķչ۹УǷѹУ
һȥܵ˽һӭ
⳥𣿡
ˣӦֳָתˡ򿪹ԣת˼¼
ǼܴͷԿ׻õ̳ǱһǮ̴÷ɿ죬ʱ˳ȥԴͣûǮ
ڴĦ˹У͵ûʱӦǾͨѶ
㻹£ֱͨ˵ʵ
šӦǾŸպӦ̸껰ԭĵطղ⳥ǣǼܴͷǵģܻ𣿡

ôŵģӦһܷҲҪûȥһԣ
ȻʣҪӦǾ
̧һĻƵм䣬˶ܿ
У㡣֮ǰȥҽķ˼£벻
ҽķ˶ֽšӦǾƶ
ԺӺõ˴򽻵ȷʵܷ
ҲҪݺļ֤֮һ֤ݣҪȥøǱꡣ
ָؽ棬ӦǾòܴͷҪԼֵ֤ݽ
ͨѶһң˵ջطֳһʡ
浧˵ǰڵĻҳûжˣӦǾģһµ֤ݡ
һջطΪľĻӦǾǵԸ͸ˡ
Ǽܷ˶ֽŵ֤ݣ㽻ӦǾ˫һЩָӴ򽻵鷳
С

ڶһ磬У۹㳡׼ȡһ
һǵĴǶԼȥľУеʾߵź֮ſʼ׼¸ص㡣
ʦ˵Ǽ£ǻûӦ̨ϣɫԱ߽
ϼǼ졣ֱͦ˫ֱ
Ҳվ̨ϣԱ߻Ӧݣ⻹ԭȵˣӦݲٵԱ
ͣǴתͷŹĻһص˳װǡ
װǣѶУӪ
ʲôζǾУǡ
װǶ磬׶ԻжӰ죬ʦάʱҲȽ鷳ԽѵⷽǿʦҲҪѵ
ӻѵɽʡ
ͷû˵ͻѵ
Уǳ󣬶ۣһɨ֮ǰƵķΧʦҲʱ䣬˵
У۹УڵָѾˣӦǾУվڶϯ̨֮䣬Щʦվһ
̨֮ýһѷ䳯Уӿȥڴ֮ǰӦǾѾӦߣԱ߻о˻ţûýܿ
ýֻܲɷõ۹УڵӣУӳԱ
ǶСƾزô
ӦǾôصĺһν͹𣿡
ƽͨԺԵ۹Уʲô뷨

ⲻĦ˹УҲΧתͲ;ͷҪΧס
ýĿǰ֪Ϣֻ֪ʱȷʧپУ
㵱ʱ򿪼װһĻʲô룿
û룬һƬڣ塣
ǲǴǿһƬڣ
ƫͷ˵ϹǾ۾ã塣
ߣܱʵĽ
ڴڶΪһҰΪӦǾɵģôΪģ
Ϊ뷽跨ı3sУ΢΢һЦ
⻰һļȫȻΪ˵СԱ߲ɷ˵ý߶Լԭ⣬ˢˢ
ý߻Ȼ֮Ѹٿʼ˻ʲô˼
˵ǶӦǾľ֣
3sУĴǲ˵УֱʣУӦǾ
û˵˼ָУǻһ֯
һ룬м߷Ӧ˵
ɽվѹʦˡ
Ҫͱ˳
̯֣֮ǰڷǣ£˵׼ҲǸùƲΨһĳ3s淽ǣ
ɱ̫ˣ޲ǵ»Ŀ
οô˵ʧپУ״Ƕˡ
ˡӦݶԻͷǱߴĦ˹УɷõӦǾ

һصʰɵͨѶϡ
սͨѹֵŭʲô˼ƵǶϣѾòˣ
û˹ҹ󷴶Ҳû˻µһǣǲԡ⼸λУ治Ƕ֣
ɣǶֻһбȾߣɳ¡
̧ۿɣεʦߣĦ˹
ȥԼϣܾ쿼ǡ
С
뿪֮ǰýѾŸˡ
һ۶Ϊֵǡֻжó£һ˫ó3sԩ
ýǳƴһںŽУ3s
õڵ֧֣
ʲô⣡ýǱ쵼ӣ׫壬Ϊ3s˷ָ¶ԭ£
࣬ǵȫɾˡ
ȥҲû˿
ࣺ


218 浥
һ˳,Уʼʰ׼뿪Ħ˹У4ٺãʼۿڡ
˸ۿڣѶУ
ү,װǼǵôǳȥһȦФһ
Фޱ鶢,˲٣ԴӼֱطԼġ׳١ھͷڼԼдš̳ˡķۺڿ,ԱС
϶ں̳ˡФȴһҲˡ
ԼûԣȥĲ֪ѵͼФһʮֳ塣
ҶͬѧǱ,϶档ȫͺûФһ
ФǾǶ˭˭ù
ˡͷǽϵٶͣ׼ŸܵФԭء

ǽܷ֮ɺ·,ֱӳĦ˹Уǽȥ
·ΪʲôҲǽڴ⿴,
óԼı,վߣģ
Ѿˡ£ոҿһǰһġ
ѱ·ŻȥȥԵ㶫
Ҳȥָһȥ
Ҫȥ뾭տ,Ʊػɡ·档
Ҳˡɽ

ȵʱ,һŶǱߡ
Ȼ,˲һ··ɣԱ߻š
ȥģżˣǽҪˡ
ˣȥԶŶӵ
ڲû
ǽụ̂Ǳѹû
˻࿴˿,Ȼ򡯣ǻȥӪҺ
ȵȡסͷߵˣ·ָӺʦǽϣסǰķ䣬߶ǡ
֪ͷɵĿ⣬ת˲Ųߡ
û£ƽʱ˯٣ûϵ·º͵
˭֪ºͶǸڱ档
ˣղžҽ㡣ָһͷովҽ˵Ѿ©졣
æˡ
´ע㡣·ǰߡ
֮ǰʦҲһǽ·תͷɵ˵ҲҵڶʮˣĦ˹Уǽͬһ
û
ǽûʲôһֱáЦЦǽҲòһһ
⵹ǡ·̧ǽڱڣҲͦá
סڶ棬ֻҪһŶ˱Ȼ֪
뷨Ҳֻʱѹơ
ţֱߵߣ·Ĺڱһӣϸ̺ã˳׼ȥʱűˡ
ô̱ӣ׼Ϣ·վſʵ
Ťͷִӱڲû˽̹ţ
һʱˡ·ԭһֻѾȽ˻ȥ̧Աߵţ𣿡
£䵭ʵ
ûʲôֻһ£Ϊһʦˮƽô·˵оݣΪԱ˽˽Ŀ

ʦΪĻʦ֮һ
һڣ޲3sףûдܿóʲô
˵޳ƹģ·ϣʵ
ǲƹģȥҲɰ˲̫·˵
·Ǹܵ˶ԷǿҵУֱһҲʦϢ
˵꽫ϡ
ſϣվűȥֵãתȥڵһֽó

Ҿ嶼ˡ
˿ھҽҽڣԱ߻ĸͬ
ʲôãԼݻһͿ˵üĸˣеӤʲôһ𡣡
û취áһ
ҽ
ˣҽֳԼһѪ֮ǰ⵽ѪҺһֲɷ֣ڲ鵽ʲô𣿡
ݵͷղųȡѪҺãûУһɿǳ3sر֮
磬ӦǾҪѪԱȶԱȡӦǾԸ
ݾܾãѪҺǸɷûӰ죬Ҫ˼Ƿ֪ϡ
ûϵ𣿡һ顣
Դ֪ɫһֱɾҽ˵ĲɷֱӦǾĺ
ûϵЦЦһϢ
ŵڵݣѾʼתӪӪĳ̶𽥽͡
ҪµӪҺ
ãĿǰӽ°һӪҺ
ؿǸӣҽݮζӪҺѡ
һӪҺɫˡ
ˣûмӲݮ֭ݿһŰɫӪҺԭζζѺȡ
ԭζҲУֻҪǲݮζӹϣֻҪһȵݮζӪҺ𵱳ԵЩӰ
ȥɡҽǹѪҺŽһڣѵʱһΡ
߳ҽһ·ſڵӦǾѪҺɷ˲ͬҽӦûᷢ֡
ղžҽ˵ǳ3sԭҽҲᵽ˵¡һ֧ӪҺͷУǹȷȵĿζñӷᣬûס˶
šܾе⡣

ҹڷڣͷеֽһű׼Ƶ챨浥
һһ俴ȥĿڽһС
޹޷ʶǷռ


219 
ǽһ·ǰ,ѵʱϢȥıҲѵ,УǻڸԵķϢ
,ûϢ
Դױ¶Ǳʦ˫޺ͽǼû,·ʧˡ
ݽ˵Ϊ̫𾪣һʱû취,ֻüװƽһϾЩ֪ʵĸ֪ȼ
Уǰʦһ֪ǳ3s֮ǰڼѾֳһߣ֪Ψһԭˡ
ǽ,˳ںֽ⡣
,ҵ˹,ɴ༯ڻʦӦɺӣʼɽᡣ
ҵӱչ̨,ʦǰԼƹλչʾ,ʡ
Щʦȫaʦ,оȻҲaףȼĻʵࡣ
Ҫ֪ںڳ뷽跨Щ̨ѹĲװԼϣⶼΪúܶϡŹֵĽṹȶ,ͼݸ߰鶼һ顣
ôʦЩ칹˼˵󲿷ܸ飬иҲ̫ףԱ߶3s֪ʶ˽ȫӦɺӣԻش
ⲻֻߵȼʦָ͵ȼʦḶ́໥ӦɺҲܴЩaʦѧٶ
ЩѧģܱСӵĻʦڿҪɢʱ
ϱѾѧһ֡߶߶˵ֶ꣬ҲôᣬЩƹ˼ܳʡ
ܱСӵĻʦû޳˼ѧɲţѧ껹ӡ
Ĳ
ȵ̰װϰҪСӵĵ֡
ҵĻʦǽ뿪ڻǰӿڴӺͱʣʼдд
ղܱСӻʦ˵Ǹṹa׵õbϣb20%Ļܡд߶ԱӦɺӵҿУٽƣӦܹࡣ
ֽṹ֮ȻҲֻʹaµĻסЩԭ֪ٿֻռһ룬sϵĻףԸ֪ҪߡӦɺӾ岻
һơ̧ͷʦǱ߲Ѿоˣ
˵ӦɺǰһǼ֮ǻ᲻߸׵ķ
ţһҳʦûҹǡ
·һʦǽϻ¡Ӧɺʱɵɫ㲻϶໳Ǳ·סˡ

ǽ۲̨
վڼλͬʦм䣬·ȥºʹЦһ˿ͷ
ԭǽһ̸£ˣƫƫ·˽
ҼǵõƽͨԺǽ⣬ʱ䵽Уǽϡ·е㻳ؿΧ豸ҾǱ䵽
ںͻʦҹȥȫ·Ļȫ֪Ƕͷ
ʦϾǻʦ˽ºЩѧ̫á·˿ղŻĻⱻϣлȴȥ
Ϊһǰָѡɶ۾ʦ𣿡
ԸָѧͲã˵ãԼס·
·
Щ֮ɳǱȥ·ѧļҡ
ߵǼǰš
Ӧɺӵ
һȥڻǰͷдԱӦɺùԽݽģ
ʦӦɺӲͷſڣ캰֮ǰᵽɡ
˵ںУӵĻʦཻˣ߽š
ĽˡӦɺְ̧ѹԹˡ
һֱû̧ͷڰܱСӵĻʦĽṹߵԱߣͷűϵĲֽͼֻһ۱ס
ȲʵʹΣǴͼǿ󲿷ָ߼ʦ
Լһĺá
ٿĲֽͼֻһ۱㷢ֶߣbϵṹ
һʣ̧ͷԡ
ѹиӵ֮ǰ£𣿡
ϱӣʦģǵȻǣý̸
ɰûģȺСһһթ֡
뵱꣬һ֪˴٣ԸһҲҪ
ˣʦȵȡӦɺӿ˿Ե
УȡɻȨڲ֪Ħ˹⼸ǣűߡ
ʮӺ󣬽ͻɽһűӳȥˣ̸еȫĽ档
վſڣܱСӻʦѱϻǼŸĻײֽͼ
ġĺˣܱʦӹǼֽĿİͰ͵
ȿȵ˰װǿԣûҡָֽϵķֽͼһ顣
ܱʦȣĻԽԽ˷ܣ޲أȥŪһ
¾ֻһڣҪbȫӳa׵ʵкܶණҪĵġ
֪ܱʦͷĲҲô
ԶͷԼǰʮҳܱʦһҲƹƵĻףֻ㶫
ڣںɽ档
ΪδľҪ𱣻ΡšüⲻǿԽ׵Ķ
ʦǱȻǽףеһֻΪǿʵϵʵǿˣźöԸЩĸȾߡ
˵˵ǵ
Ҫ֪УԼˣʦо˫s׵ʹ3sףϣӦɺһоƻӦвٺòϣϣҪʱṩЩϡ
ɶŽΣܻǣֻжʱǲŻӦȡϵ
˿⣺ʦΪΣ
Խ׵оƻֻһ˼롣
ѡӦɺֱӵ
תͷһӦɺӣԡ
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һ⡣˫ֽշϣӦǾ£ǲǶֱʣ
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һ˵꣬ɾͷֲԣΪʱ
ԡ΢΢üУȷʵжܶӳԱֻ֣пҲӡ𣿡
ɣûҪʣ
תƵӲҲûм׷ʣ֪Ĳ඼֪ˡ

ǰ溰סɣʦ´λָ£˸á
ɣҲǶһӣ´ȥ£
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ɽǽɽкɽҪС뻹ҪһɽȨˣصôá
˶ӣһˡ


220 
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ֻŷ
ô˵ɽҲǶɽ
ʦΪʲô?ȰӦǾʽ,ǳ3sָӡ
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?ؼɽǱĶ,һʼ֪3sʲô?ӦѺӦνһϵӦǾ߸?֪ⱨһ쿪ʼһİӡ
˭ݺø磿ӦɺʣܲǼУһ3sˮ
?,۴ķ涼˵?ͨҲ벻ףΪʲôƫƫӦǾ,ƫƫǱ?ȾСƾ,´ͷβ͸һɹ졣
ӦǾβʱ顣?ϣתתָıʣӦÿԲ
飬һ£򿪹ԣָǰһ,Ļڻǰ
֮ǰ˵3212ЩȹӪҺˡʾǿ?Ļһ83ˣʱ仮֣69ˣ14δˣĿǰΪֹֻʣʮ߸˻š
ʮ߸ˣɽվֱ
ʮ߸УϻͣһͳƱϣԱأ⸽ʱ?ߣͳһʮݣʲһֱںΧڡ
ʲô
󲿷Ӫµĸֲ֢ŹĻϵݣǶŹ˿ڸȾ?
ӪҺȷû⣿Ӧɺʵ
ҡͷһͳƱӪҺһʣֱӷˡ漸ûЩӪҺ»عһ
ȫӪ·ͳƵšüҺȵʱûʲô?
ҸӪҺ⣬Ӧʱ˷֡濴ŹĻ?û֤ݡ
ʵԥһһ֧ӪҺ
棺
˳·ֱ׳ΪԷһسƶ״̬ѧԺǿһ֧ӪҺ
ʱǴſٳһ֧ӪҺ͵͵档
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̫أ?˷ֶߡνǾ϶û˻ɡ
ҲС
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ˡصذյͷǰʦ顣
?ӢûסЦ֪ˣСúñ

Уǽִװʱ?˵ĪѶУѾûˡ
Фһ˵Ҫڸۿʹ
?ȻһֺȫںФ֡
лܷųдѶУʤԼФƬ
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װǵһңǮ̧ͷŰеĳҵû?ģá
쿴?棬⻹һô?ı
ûʲôƲˣ?ʲôʲôɽ͵أ涼ȫ޵Ĳк̷ֵʮ
Ħ˹УˢˢФǱߡ
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ڵߣФһ
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Фҡʲôʱ˵仰
տͷͱۡ
Фһ񣬣ɽ̽һ䣺Ȼֶôʢ?룬ҲֻΪѴӦ
УӺһ˵ФҪȥҳԷ
Ħ˹УǱ߶˶٣á
ɢФ򣺡ý嶼ء
ФվڸۿڳڴкȻһ?ڸոգڰװǣԼĵ̣컯֮£Ħ˹Уһåǿթˡ
ؼѾ˳Щý嶼¼񣬰ѸղŵĻȫ¼˽ȥ
Фٴ̧ͷŰЩֻдˡǿ֡
ˣˣȥϰ˵
ɹĦ˹Уһٷ?˲?٣ַ˷
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·ӦǾͷ
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װǵϰ豸Ǵ¥Ŀǰֻɳǵϰ͹ϰȽϳ¾ɡ
ϰȫգмǣҪȥҪ롣ѣ͵ܳȥ
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Ը꣬˻صϢ
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ԼٱϣФֱӹҶͨѶ?˵ˡ
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ڶһ磬ڵѵϣФֱӶŴĦ˹Уˣ֡ͣͼռˡ
ѶڳԱѾȫΪֻϯˡ0



221 ǽ

ѵ
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ѶУĽ̹١ɽվֱ
⣬ֻ־У,ա
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̹,ڶʲô˼ʵ
Ŀֱϣⲽȥֱ̧㽫ֱϵľУ³˼
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еĻ̧߷ǰ,֡
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У,ӵѹԵ
ĵľУ£û֡
ֻһ˲䣬ԱߵӦɺӱ㱻˳ȥ
תͷ֮ԶڵϵӦɺӣ㣡
ž
ϵľУ±һѴ򷭡
ӵˣ̡滰δ˵꣬Ҳ˳ȥ
ڵ,
Ŀڿʼ˱ǿͷȻԼ
ѵնʱӲΪͻֱӶʱ˺
õģ̹١
ңΪжФãĪһӻ𣬡û֡
˵һ䡣ͻȻŤͷФһư˳ȥջ֣Ҳϲֹ̤ѵһʼξ㿪ʼˡ
µФԼΪʲôҪ
ֻһ绨кӶѡ
籩Ļ̧һԭվѵмУӳԱͷ˿棬˲ɢվλһһ߶ȲͬĴֱ⻬ǽڣһߵǽ
ǽ漫Ϊ⻬ճӰÿһǽٸʮףжʮףӽѵһ߶ȡǽŸ߶߶٣С
ЩǽɲͬľӶɣΨһƽĵطӴԲֻԲ͹ĸ߶ȽһףޣÿһӴңһǽ༸Բֲһ
СʱʹκߵǽͷһʱĹǽСʱ
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һӳĬӹȥˣ̹ٺ;У࡮ӡ
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ѵУ˺ͻ⣬ǰһǵʦԼӦǾ
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Ư޳ָ˰ΣͻȻӦӦǾ˼
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˻ڲ죬ֱʼûʱ˲ױѾʼ
ģһ㿪ʼʱȴ˵ʼ
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˷׷׳һǽȥһԶܣߣϵһǽԲһ͹ĦҪʸߡ
ʱɽеڶǽڣֱһڹ⻬ǽڣֱ֧ûҪߡ
Ȼһ룬֪Ĺһǿ磬Ӳǽϲ˸ղŽٶȺϸ΢Ħϵһ߶ȡ˲䱻߽⡣
˱
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Ҫʮʮǰһһиᱻ紵ߡ
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Ħ˹У˿һۣҧûȥǡ
ڸš
ͷǰ¹⻬ǽڣֱԭָסԲָⷺףǿڴпסΣԼ
Բϣ֧ԼѴӷ۾ҪϰסһԲ˿ԲͻȻƽˡ
٣ᶯ
ǽڱù⻬ޱȣԼ»»صԭ㡣

УҲΨѶУˣڴбסԭежФѾһˣסԲʱʮֶֻ̣һ룬̼֮ǰΧĴԣûôš
ͷ߷ͼҳеš
ѶУһǽ󣬸У˼ԣͻ׵ǿʼȥԲɻᱻ紵
ǵĳԣҲʼϰ߷磬Ҳ֪һԲʱԶƽ
ѾǽԲλüУҲܸ֮ǰĽѵϵһԲʱԽǽڶԲ

˫ȻɿԲԼ
ǽǰͷԼʮָÿһˡ
Բ̣͸ղȫͬˡ
ͷˣԲƽʱ䷶Χڲûͻ̡
ֻһˣ
ԲۣҲ⵽ͬ飬֮ǰľȫصԭ㡣
ղŵλãһԲ
ԣ
һۣٴ
мʱһԲͻ̣ޱָһԲӲ˵һǽڡ
ڴڼ䣬ûԲͻ̡
ڶǽʱѶУֻФڰм䣬ֻ
˫ѵȥʮָϵѪڶǽȥ
ڶǽ͵һǽһˣͼλøˣ͹ȼǷ硣
ʱڱ仯׽
ѶУ͵Ф޷ѸȥǽڰмãڻǱһķ紵
հԼȥǽںȻȫƽҲͣˡ
ʱ䵽ȫ
ǻ
ںͣʱһɻʦڵһǽϣ׼
˻ͷ߳ȥ˲ͷ㣬·ӱᣬ֮ûһк
Сʱδ񣬹ǽСʱѵм俴ȥָŵһǽ˹档
̹١˾ͽεǻûаСʱ
̧֣ǿʱ䣺СʱҼʱ
û˵ʼ˾ͽе㲻
һϥǹϣҸһСʱܲǽ
ǽϣСʱ
ֻܹȥſ磬Ťذ棬紵ɣʱʱ˴ּȥ
ʲôѵСʱͿʼͷˡǾоԼΪһʦܵĪί
ŵӦɺӣǰͬѧ棬Ρ
乫ǾʶԹ˳
ӦɺӣѾûκˣһͷݻƳ׻ֳ˫ֽסԲµȥ
ˡ߹ȺǽϵľУͼͻ̣ԼСģһ¼ʱ
ˣ
ԲϣԶӦǾȥԴĽ֪Ҳʱˡ
ͻȻһмҡ
Фһȥ
̧ͷ


222 ׼

̹û涨ǽϲܶšФ,ΪԼĻǸе൱⣬ɳˣ
ͱ紵ͷۣ°ѻȫ׼Ф,ȥ,λֻ֣Фš
Ҿ㡣Фе飬治ҡ
Ҳÿ,ֱһ߹ȥФһ㣬ָԲ,ǽϣ·ڻһ
˵ˡФûУʱģŵľҡ
ûй˼˵ʲô,ԼסԲ춯,ǻ,ԲͻҪ
˿ܰסԲѾУ˰ˣԭԲ㲻࣬ôȫҪǽ,֪ӵ
ٲƿ,ͻ̳,Ҫָû˰취ФڱƱ
ֱɿԲ˹ȥ
ФΪҪԼȻʼ˫,׼ػȥ˶ֱӱסԼ˫ȡ

Фʱ󺰣֣
ǿҲסټһ˵
Ȼſո˵ˣؾҪ¼ʱɲһΡ
ɿɿФ˫ȷڶͼģҿҪˣ
ᶨرФȣԲͻ̻ûƽȥ֪㴩ŷɫڿ㣬ü
˵˵Ф˫ʹԲԼȥҽ촩ǻɫڿ㣡
ǽˣȻԼڿɫ
У֪ˡȣܱܲ𼤶ٶҪȥ
ФʱҶˣָԲϣѾ˼ޣôȥҲҪȥ
ͷԲͻ̽ջȥŶФ˵˦ȥ
˦Ҿ˦ФӲ
˦ҲУһȥʮν
㣡޳ܣҪФƿڴȷʵ֧Ųȥˣ˫һ˦
ûȥ;һ·ڿ»صԭλá
Фôһ֧ͨŲסָԲҪȥǧһ䣬޶סͷ
һ룬ѵڻصФҵĺ
ˡŰǻФˡ
Ф˫ְԲϣ˹ǽϣûлϣڲˣҧ˵
ڿУǽСʱָӺͻʦ޷ȥԼֲ֣ܲڼԭغ⼸ָʦ׷׵λãֱ𽻲ڸУĵм䣬ֻǲԼУˡ
Ӧɺӱֱ͵۹У֮䣬һҪʱԷУĵֻţǵһ֡
Ҳû취ôķУôãʱҲһСʱʱҪԱߵָӻ߻ʦæ
һ񣬺һԭأмʱ㡣
ֻСʱĳͷӲһ죬˲ųɣǽʱһЩУֶǶġ
ⲻͬǰڿбסһƣָУֱ̱ڵϡ
ĵ۹УҲֱϯضͷҲ˲ϡ
Ħ˹Уֱڵذϣָڶ
̹̫ˡڵϣָѾû취ٶ˵ǳͷСʱǹǽϵʱ쳬6Сʱ
ҶˡȽѾڵϢһʱ䡣
ФϤֻ͵֮ǰȥֻȥһΣǱһƽͨԺ·ʱǣġ
ӱͷʼЩ˶ûһ㶫ļ
ʱФſ߹ŵش˸ãȻѾ궫
һĽʵĿ⣬߹˵ˣġʳѾˣǵͱţĲ
ѶԱͳԵģĿտҲ˫ϣʵ
ФҫĻڿУ߻̱ڵϵѶУԱǶڿԼȻͳԵһ±ϣ

ʵֻҫһ£˳㿴Ħ˹У⼸Ǳӡ
ûˡֳŵذߵФǰ򣬡´αһʳͬѧ㲻ǣҪѶĶԱǲǣ
Фæ˺һ䣡ҡҾˣͱţʵһ㣬óԡ
ȻѶУ֪ҩФԼԱѶΪǲûһкġ
׼ȥ֮ʱߵ䴦򿪼ӣװȫǳʳ˱䡣
ȳٻȥЩУϵʱɻǿȥģա
ȥģգֻȥ˯
ڳԶФ͵͵ȺǱͷ㣬öᡣ
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ФһŤͷһӦǾ
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Ф
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ĵбڵĸѧͣ³ԶƬĿͷҲˢˢޱ鶢Ф
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ͽ漸˶һۣˣ鴫
ǲ׷ФˣìͷֱָӦǾ㶼ˣʲô£
һǽŵĻͼ
Фͦأǻܣ
ˡϰֹͨФΪ㰲ֵ㡣
ФƲ죬׻ǲٿ¡

һѵ͹ǽϣջǾȥģѵ
ǣУƺҲһȥģմ¥
εģһģ̨ģղУԱָӺͻʦš
ʵģģʽѵָӺͻʦ۲ݡڹǣǵ䡣
ӦǾһֱϰʲô˼˷䣬ɽʵ
۲ǡվģտʼݣΧۣģѵӦǾܲμӡ
ڵģĸУͻȻʵ
ǵ۹Уˡ
һ䣬ֻһڡ
ߵǽǱãŤͷӦɺӵ￪ô
ˣ
졣ǽڵ
ǿ˷֡£ͳһǷԱߵ
˿ֳ˳棺ǣö˶˿ʲôʲôͨѶ𣿡
˵С߶߶


223 L223¼µͨѶ

ÿһǽڶĽ,Ӳ쳣ҪñƳҲŪǲܵġ
޷,ʦ
ʦļӲ̫,виߣҪǽϿǼ򵥵ġ
ѵø֪ٿи󲿷ּӲϡӦɺһϸ,쵽ǰ
Ȼģ
˹ѵߵǽ,֪Ƚѵϣٻ̽ǽڣȷʵûж絶һ,Ȼͷͷ
,ʮϸµػһԲŵ״
ǽܷ״̬,ԸڷҲܴ
ڸʲôһŭĪڸ
˶һ٣ôͱˣ

ʱ䵹ʮǰ
ӦǾ,۹Уһ3sָ油,ѵѵ,֮󣬱ģ¥
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У뷨һȻҪ͸ģջλݡ
ָӵģյݺ󣬼ꡢԼ˾ͽοʼɽģգڲҪϵǿ̣ŤͷŸǽ档
ҲʶĿ⿴ȥֻһĪǽڵϸС
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ͷԼϣûȩ̈ͷԻҸʲôΪ·ճʲôණ

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ָһȦĿǰУֻӦǾ֪ڶĸˣʦǱ߲Ⱦֻг3sܷ֣޷ֱ˵
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224 ǿ

껹Ҫͼ,ʧȻѹڵϣʼѲ
Ȱ侲һ㡣ڳһֱֻӰͷ,,ܾˡ
ܾһȭͷҪȥˣæ˭Ҳ֪߲˭ȾˣԼʦû˵,óȻ߼Ԫ˧ֻ⡣
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Ҳû׼õӦǾĻظϾԷһֱڱص״̬ÿζҪһʱ䣬ŻظϢ
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ң
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ŴĦ˹УԱФҡùǺ
ڶ죬һɾУûеõתЩΪָָ׶ˣֻȥҽҽҩ
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Фһ֣ؿڣȻУҲҪǵĻ취ĵøã⿿һûãҪ͡
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225 Ǹ
ҰҩФϷԼҩ,ΪѹȻҪﻥ
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226 û͵
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ҲûעԼٵȣȥǱλӡ


227 ˽½
ҧ,Ȼûж֣ǽʣµһֻȡ
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ȻڷǣͻȻ֣ԴӼƽͨԺУ˵ҽƶӦвٶˡҽƶӱҲж
ѪҺеġӦɺͻȻ᲻֣ᷢ
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ӪҺĺڡӦǾ߹Ŵ򿪵ӵ
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졣
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׶Կ,һӣpkһ,ʣһһֿգڶӮĶгǩpk
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Уĵһǳǩ㿪ʼ飬ж˶ȥ飬Щ鶼ȥ顣
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˻ȴˡɽΪһ3sڲԼʵȷʵǿ֮ǰҪסˣɽһֱѹʵѵͻȻЩɬһʼϸ΢ĲһֱʾûԼΪĥʯ
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֪ɽ۾΢УʱѵΪ֯ڵһ3s
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ϰͨǻˣΨһһУͬѧڱء
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һӣǲæĹûλѡ
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ΧˣѾѹѣɴະһⳡ䣬Ƿҹȥʰѡ
šϰͨҡ
ָ̹֤ųĻ
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229 û
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ڳһ֧ﶷ,һ֧վԱ߿ϷҲͷһ⡣
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˾ˡѧŸղǵ,ν
ΣӰͼֶֻԸһ,ƫƫռơ
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ûн׷ȥٿػ׵˲ƺͣ㣬3sˮƽ

ŵ΢΢ת˲䳯³ȥ
õĶǽսһ룬ûһġ
Ϊͻ׵ÿһλӲȶΪǿ÷顣
Ҳֹڴˡ
Ȼٶȼӿ죬ѹûпĶ֮ǰڶ棬תͷֻվԼ෽
ôˣ
²վԱ߸ʲô
ˣͻȻֹ
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ФΧ˶ˡ
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˰Ѽ´һۣϰͨǶӮˡ
߳ȫողŴ̴˵Ļײա
ԱߵФҲعסԼ죬ûȥ֪Ϊʲôɱ˼µġ
ǶյĲԵΧʦżº˴ӻײ
ֹ˵㡣
֮ǰǶ˵ѵۣȻͻȻĺһѧҪš
ӦǾվڱԵ䣬Զں˵Цָ΢顣
ԡ

ֿǩûʤǩӣФ顣
һԽǶӺͼǶӶԿ
ͷһΣԽ˶ϼֱ꣬Ӷϡ
Ħ˹УڳϣҲûڸעվһԿš
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˴ѷᣬǱ߻ɽФľ룬Ｇˡ
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ˣҲڲպ˵רעԸɽС
Խûпסͻɽ֣ȷǿ
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Լ֣޳άӦɺӣҪԱϢ
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Ҳ⣬ɽǱȥϢ
ʲôӦɺӿܻףˣȥУĴβҪףξȻ޳ޡ
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Ӧɺüý˵ˣ֪Ϊһʦ׵ǰ˵ۡ
οˣǰƴҹҲҪѧ֪ʶˣλΪƺñ˵ͼڵĸ鶼һ顣
ӦɺӳǱ߿ȥѾ۾ǽ˯ˡ
ˣ
Ӧɺֻͷȥ޻ף޳Ҳϲƽʱֻл࿴ۡ

ϢԡʱӦǾлóһԣ򿪿Ϣ
֮󣬴Ƭ̣żһ
ӦǾµͨ˫sҲݡǿԴӶǱ֣
ûдĻ


230 ӪҺ
õʦĹ֧ӪҺ,ѵʮųпա
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Ѿϰÿ涼Ҫһˡ
ҽŤͷ,ͷеҪ
˼һų,ֱӦɺӺͻɽϣӪҺӽǱߴǡ
ҽתͷʲô,ôأ
ߵǰҽмæ
,ʵʲôôأ
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ϵ֧ӪҺƬ̧̺ۣһҽΪʲôҪû°ѼĽ
ֻǲϣκ֪ʦǡ˹,ҽ֪֧ӪҺ
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ӪҺǵٵ,˵类ˡ
ɨһۣѳųĸƽʱԲӴͨӪҺ
ģ֪ǰȹӪҺ,ⶼˡ
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ǰŲ˵ӪҺȱӪɷ֣ӦǾ˵ӪҺûȱֻǵʱһˡҽݣȻӪ뿴ӪҺû⡣
УҰ顣ݰӪҺŵԱߵĺڣȿݡ
һСʱȥݿµݣˣʲôҿе󡣡
󣿡ȼѵ֮ǰΣ
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еĳ˲뿪
ҽһ˺ܳһʱ佫ݽлܣһֱҹ򿪺ӣ֧ӪҺó
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ҡҡ֧ӪҺɫЦЦݮζӪҺԭ
Ц֮󣬾ɫµȻҪӪҺǾͰ顣
ֻòߵڣԸְһѡ

صңӦǾϢҪôظš
ҡŵˡ
гԵģ֣Ťͷʽ档
ʮ㣬ʲô˵Źϣʵŵңںͼ¶ս
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𳶿⣬ƽʱʲôùˣǼһۡ
УǺս
ôһˣӦǾûʣ淴ֱʡ
ʲô涢Źκ飬ֱӴлײգҾ;òԾ
˶սʱһ㶼ϲһʱ䣬۲Էʽͻʹ״͵ƻײһʦԣȿ֤Ի׵Ϥ̶ȣܿӮʤ
ȥ浶ǹĶֱ֣Ӵ̴˶ԷĻײ
ټϸղҽݼⲨֱ֤ӹʡ
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һ㶣ʵǰĳҽ
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ԭͼ¶սҪĵʹԽ׵ĵʲôͬһͿʼͷвͣӿֳ
˵ǱߵˣҲǸȾߡü
ղӦǾҷϢ˵Ҳ½ĿԣǴӶִ̧֡򿪹ԣý濴Ϣ
ۣһᷢڶϣȷʵ˵㡣룬ǽ⣬йٲá3s˸񡣡
һ¡ѣѪҺĺ
˵˵ʲôϲ˯
Ҫҡʶں˵ֱӴ򿪳ȥžһţӡ
һŻظӦǾ˵֪ˡ

⼸ѵǽǻ׶Կһֱûָ׶Կ죬󲿷ֵͲͬУ˺˵һǳѴ⣬˻ϡ
׶Կĵ죬ֶ˼£ȻǿٽԷֱӸ׵ͷ
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ѵ˲ۣ»ûˣҲС
Ф˶µû˵ڣȻ֪򣬲֮ǰôݵ֣ϼôݣһּȶûס
ӻײڳ꣬Է
Фһ쵽֪ԡ
֣üָָԼ䡣
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죬ҺһʦǽĽͬˣɢ
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±һߣûȫӸղŵлָϣͷԼĲӡ
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ѵǾսʶŶӺͷôЩ죬Ѿŵ
ѵŶӺǺԼУĶѣǿٺУٴһĬ
ûֻǺ۽ʦսҪ㡣

ҽңݸոõӪҺⵥǰ漸ҳǲӪҺԪسɷ֡
Ȼ֧ӪҺĳɷû٣ȫӪҺı׼
ȻӪɷֲȱʧˣôӪ
ת򿪴洢У滹а֧ӪҺֳںϣⲻ


231 ûս־
졣
Уͽ̹֮
̹Ϊ׵Ȼǻ,Ҫ֧ĵȡ
Щ֮ǰûͽ̹ǶԿʱʦԿԿͷһ⡣
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͵ıȫԱҪԺһ,ٶ̴̫ԣԶսԡ
תͷͻʦ
ΪʦҪϳʦָӶѵ,ԹΧۡ
Ѿһ룬еʵв̶ͬȵĽ˵ʱٶʦ,ǰôԿʼǾȻ·硣
˺ϰߣȫͻ׵ûǰ㡣Աߣһ¼һ߷,̹ڶûôͻ,ȴһֱ˵Ľࡣ
ֺʱ̫,Բ©һУϤ̹ٵĴ򷨣̻ˡ
ȵ棬ϰͨ˳ȥ,ҲȦ,,ڵϣá
޳׼̣ôֻǱʽ,ѹ
ڵϣײڵ˲ܵذı͸ӴԶΧ۵ӦǾ
Ϊһ3s̹ôѹŴ򣬺أô˿е㶪ˡ
ϲ䣿ʵԱ߶һˣǸղŶԸϰͨʦ
ûüش𣬱㱻ץˤڵϡ

û˵ΪʲôͿʼˣ
ҪһͦһֻųߣʦתͷΧ˹
ʦһ
вУˡ
˵꣬һž˹ΪԼҪɳȦʱһλʦסˡ
Ե˾̬ȣ˵֮ǰӮϰ졣վǰʡ
ײڣŶӰ죬Ŵһлò˵̹ÿζֱ֮ǰʦݶˡ
̹٣ûӮҺϰֻǹ˼С
ҲܲµˣӮСվǰ
ҪվŸվһֻţ˹ֻܹ˫ֳŵزŲǰ
Ȼһ룬Ļ̌ߣȻ米ϣֱٴǱſڵϡ
ſڵϣĵûܴ죬ֻղϰͨͼôŪȥġ
ڻУλǷûһս־
ˬ
ʮֲˬʵԣô׸㡣
һε
𡣡ֱҲ׳
Աʦʹɫʦһһֱֻ̧
ۿŽ̹һҪԼٲԴУ˫Ȼһ˦Աλʦ
͵߹ȥ㿪˵Ĺ
ˣȦФ
ͷԼ£׵Ľźһߡ
ո׼ûаֵ˼
Σѹȥһֱ
ֻ˻׳һͱ˹ȥ
ղű̹ѹŴʲôܣ
ֵѧϰ˵ùΰ
ҡͷ˲Ǳ׼ΣϱǺ̫࣬ԲѹǴЩǰսľ顣ղżһϰͨ˻ܳһʱ䡣㡭ղǳ׵˻ûս־ˡ
ղˣûע⵽ߵλá
ǰ죬ʦ˵ֲ䡣ȴǰһ㣬óǰ״̬
ǵaУӳԱΪӳԱһֱһɳ״̬һʱ׼죬һʱɥʧս־
ȥɡ̾˿㿴ˣע۲ơ
תߵȦǱߣɽվԱûж໰
һıʱͳСʱλʦʱ䶼ûУֱӺ͵ڶӶϡ
һʼ۲ƻûֶ⣬ȵϳŷһЩ
Уղйĵط̫ˣۻλʦÿһεʽƶջ
ѹֵڲϢܱ۷״̬
ɫųеıΪսͬĵȼУ;ĵ֮
Ҫһԭ
֧ӣһĽԽ̹ǶԣһĳսȻûһͻǷߡ
УǿһӲֻһˣһ˱֣߳ʣµٵλ̹ٵĽɱ
ǲ֪ҪӮĬܱ̹ҵ㡣

Կ󣬻ӻײڳһ仰
ϣЩ˴ӵģеʵΪһֱȥͬҼ˲ġ
Цһ˼

ɢŽһߣߵſڣӦǾ
ʼϲ۲ϰøĸˡ
Ťͷ۾㲻ӦǾ֪ԼϰߣΪʲôҪ˵
ӵ˶ѾǰҪ߶Խӡ
ûк͵۹У˵ӦǾ˺һ
Ħ˹УҲСӵһһ۵Ѿʹˡ
ǲ˵ˡӦǾ֣Ťͷȥ
ӵˣ´εʹĦ˹У˵ʲôͷ
ܸоӦǾʹĦ˹У˽Ӵ

ڶĽԭ׼úýѵһȻѴĦ˹Уֵһ
ǶĬһʦ
ĬҲֻǵһľУǵıȻ֪ⲻѵûս־ˡ
һʧܣԷֻһ
˵ףûʲôʧܶѡ


232 췴Ӧ
ں͵ڶӶս,ֵǶʱ⻻ʦͻ׵
Ȼ,֪Ħ˹У˴һĬ,˲Ըǰڵϰߣɽ˾ԻΪȡһлᡣ
ⳡκλᡣ
ѵҪĿıҪЩУ֪,ﵽõЧƱҪѧë,ֻˡ
Ȼһϳɽ㱻λʦģѹǻȥ
ĵҪʵǿڰ,Ļ֮,Ҫѧ϶ѡ
̹,ᡣɢܺ˿ϥ̧߳ǰײȥ̸,϶ѡ
ûж㿪,ֱ̧ϥ,ѵȦ˲䷢ײ
ϥǺϥǵײ˵ڳû˲֪ˬܣǿһۣͬܡ
λ,ڶսУѹܲʹֻۣһиá
жԷϥǣյˣһѵڵ棬һȻɨԴ
УжУʶϰƫͬʱ̧סһŹԷ̡
ײڵĻЦһ̫ˣתΪĵȻͼֿʱһֻȴȵ죬ֱӽС
̹ȫһĺˣеֵҪֿһ
ʯ֮䣬ͫ׷ŴӵƲԣ
ˣڵϵФųΣɱĳһ䡣
ĵˣ˶ֿ̹ٵһӵһӣֵε˱ͻɽսʦϡ
ɽñԶ̹ʦһֱ˵ľ룬Լóһ֣Уһ̹ٽѵһͻ׵õġ
λʦרĶԸɽһˣ˭ϵڻиֱӵĲ൱ڰԶ̹
һӵɽ˻ᣬֱӽʦˡ
ҲҪۣӲһ׼̹ûȫ֣޳һܵˡ
ţɽʦϰεǱһӡ
͵һӻԼĵ̧ͷŻ̹٣ǵҲиɻ
ǻơյǰƿʼϰθߣѹԽԽأҲΪֹ
ԶԱ߻ںսˣ˵ĴĿȴͻȥ
ѵֻɹǱеľ쾪סչӿ
УͻȻУԣûκλˣɡ
̫ǿˡ
ɫ֣Իʹ

һ꿴űɽѹŴʦ׳Ĵˡ
һʼûͻ̹ӲףɽӮ֮˱ֶԸ
βǸ㣬ϲӮĿԡʣ»δ˵
һ³жһǸһն䣬ֻʱѡ̹ٵǽ̹٣ֶʽÿһۿͻɽϽӮܴС
Ϊʲôûꣿ۵ùǺΪͻɽܿԼڽֲ¡
ٵȵȡԽԽ˷ܣ̹̫ѧˡ
֪ôû׷ӵٷ֮һһȴ𻵻ס
ȷʵе㱾¡ֲ̧ߵѪͻɽ
ǾйĬõľУŶӡУЩѧΪãʵǿ濴һӣʵ˭Ҳ˭ǺȴĬҪǲ⡣˵õ˾սҵһĬ
ڹעʣŶӣĦ˹Уϸ
ڿֻǺϸѡ
ԽߣƴȫҪɽıͬʱܿĹû뵽õɽı
֧ӳɣȶʱ䴩˻
ĿĲǡûߡ
Ħ˹УӮˡ
˺󼸲ʱʱ˫ֹơ
ңó˶ѡФм
֡ŤͷǵҪȫӳԷ£ѵˡ
Ф
һȺҪģ
ⳡ󣬻ûмһʱϢ
ҹһˡֱӵ
̹ٸòûɡԱߵ
ڡ˹ȥ
ߵѵ߽һȷ
˵ʦ˫ޡתͷ
ǡ׻̹ʲô˼
˸ңϲ۲ףһʼǽս״̬֮ǰΪս־ǿŻǽ״̬ڿǣλǱʶѻʦñȵء
ĬʵһֱûǸ⡣
̹٣һúøġƬ̺ϵͲûַġ
һţ˵ë
㶣̹˵ĸ˭
ƳһۣҪһ㣬ӽսһǵǻʦǳȥʦҲоҪ
Լֻʦս׵龰̵̹٣ҵʼӦëһ޶ϵʱ򣬾
Ͼ޶ûá
Σѹûףǵսġ
һŤͷ̹٣ȴѾ̧뿪
⻰ʲô˼
ϢʱֿʼˣվȦ⣬۾ڳУȴûġ
ʱˣվԱѣʲô
ŤͷЩΧ۵ʦȥӦǾûй
ˡڵڼء
ٿȻʲôʱΪʲôֲˣ
Ǹѵʱ򣬺µӪҺ췴Ӧųڵıпٷ˵ĳ̴һߵڲ֪ȶû
ֱʳֻܷϢʽ棺˶֣
ҷƣûУҲӦǾʲô£
ֲ̧⵲ס°ûС

ҽƴ¥
ӦǾҽƽңϷ˸ߡ
ʱȶˣȳȥ˵
ǡȫ߳ȥ˳㽫Ŵϡ
վӦǾ߰ΣŻߵſڣȷûж󣬲תͷѾˡ
ӦǾɫ԰ףְεԼֱϵļߣߵҽͰԣֽó
ǽߣ΢ң޳԰׵ָҳӦǾɨϣһҳ
ˡͻȻ
ӦǾ̧ۣ漴ЩϷŻҽͰڣ߻شϣ¡
ҽ̰мߴϡ
ѧ㣬˵ӪҺ⡣ݴҴҸƿţĿڴϱ۵ӦǾϣôô췴Ӧ
ŰӦǾӵĶһװãҲ̫廹ûкõǸ̶ȣӪҺʣղˡ
ΣݿӦǾɫȻãɫԵò԰ס
ѾȶˡôͻȻˣ
ϾӪҺҲҲһݡ̾


233 

3sӪҺһ,ⷽûκβοֻӦǾоΪȷӪҺľݱһŶӡ
ڹѯӦǾҲǺ
濴ڴϵ,ת˺ü׼Ӧݡ
վԱߵȻӪҺ,ǱҪҵʵļ䷽
֪ʱҪһæͷ
ӪҺѾ˼,ôͻȻ£ʣ֮ǰûзֶߣ
⼸ûкȹҲ֪ʲô滺,Ҳȥμӱ
ѧ㣬ʱݴһݣҿʲôط⡣
á
ûжȷӪҺ󣬺ܿ뿪
һ뿪,ڴϵӦǾ,
´αԼ忪Цַ,Ϊ
ҽ֪ˡӦǾĻ,רŵ,ҪղǷ,ҪȥһЩ
ӦǾֳڴأŰɫĴͻһζϣ֪ûиǰϰߡ
ȥſš
ӦǾ͹ʱʱΡ
ʱ,滹һΪҽȴûзӪҺ⣬ΪֻӵܽµʱܵĴν
󼸾շת˳һӦңΪӦǾ˽ҽⲻ˴еΣͬʱӦ˼Ϊ

ӵ۹УǶҽƴ¥ݴҴһصԼҽң֮ǰӪҺ
״䲻ȫͬȴ⡣ԾͬŶӣһͬϢƳʵӪҺ
ӦǾ£ѲȥӪҺҲС
ݿűӪҺٲͨѶ
ҽӦûûмʱ䡣ʵ
ҸӪҺʡ
ˣζͦõġžҽĴָ˶ˡ
û˼ƶûоﲻӦǾˣӪҺûá
£ղѾ˵ˣҡͷû£岻̫Уǵõġ
˵Լûиоһʲôԣǵ̸ңҪ鷳
֪ҽרߵ֧ӪҺûг
ָѹϵļУûУٵȵȡӪҺȻӪɷʧʱôҲģҿԿ϶ʱȱӪɷ֡
Ȼ֮ǰӦǾ˵һӪҺֻӦҽڴģʵûӪɷȱʧ⡣
3212ȹӪҺˣȴߡ
ȼʲôϵ㡣˵ֱ꣬ӽͨѶҶϡ
ĻһӱŤͷŲ֪ðʲô
һΪӦǾͨѶˮݸһȻǾҽ
ӦǾԶˣôͨѶӹˮڵ
ͷһ嵥ղФǵģ˵Լѡϲʲô
ɨһۣûвϲġ
Ȼˡ˳·ǾȫѡˣҿǮ

ڽ죬Ҫͽ̹׶Կÿ˶оԼˣҲ֤ݡ
УڴĬҪý̹ٳԿȷ³ɼ
Ȼõģ⼸죬Ĭѹ׷̹ٽѵ
ڶŶУɽкɽеıʮۡ˴ųϰߺԸˣʵɿ졣
Ӧ˵𽥻ָʵ
У󣬱²⣬֤ʵֲ²⡣
ʮѵһɽѹڴ󲿷ϡ
ȻĦ˹У˼ȥ޶ѶУФëˡ
װǵĵʮһ죬Ħ˹У𴲣ÿ϶һ׺ɫ
ֿںţſԣΪǰԣ
УӵİֱʣֱŪ޴ӣ涼д֡
ɷˣɷֻ꣬ң
׵ӣÿױдһ仰ͳһڡ
㣬Ħ˹УӳѶ¥óȡ
¥ϵ֣ˣôȥҳԷˡ
Уӵ˱ȳѣԺһͼ¥ºѹѹһˣΪƣæתصңˡ
ѹŷִĦ˹УФġ
ФѧץŴĦ˹У뿪
ڲʮ֣Ƕǳ𣿡Ф׺·߳¥··Ѱһˣʱˡ
ȶһŷ˸ͷк
ʲôôӡФ̨֣ס
Ũ˯ҲʧˣФֻܿ첽¥
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֣⻰ͼˡǰФ򣬡Ƕ㵱ͬѧȻϵãҪʲôأǶĲءӦ˵
ФûӦһ仰˼һ̧֣漴Ħ˹У˵쳹¥
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ФٴҲ֪ôдʱǺˡ
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Ф
һ⣬ΪʲôǰʦҪ⣬Ҫ¶ơ
һĦ˹Уǿ
˵׼дУͬѧȷʵ˲ٹʳĲ;õĶõġ
ΪʱФͨѶ˵壬ֻ˵УͬѧԷû˵ĸУ
ҵȻȻΪѶУѧҵ˻Ф׼ѶУѧԷУĽ
Ϊƣҵ˻ѱý׼ȫֱΪ˱֤ø֪øУѧǻרŻ˴Ǯý
ФͨѶ˵һҪʱҵ˷ˣǼҵĲôҪһã
ҵϵסǼҵĸýߣ׼ɻ
ȷһſڣý徵ͷҪ׼ѶУĵһҪ㡣
Ǽͷͦ㡣͸ԶԶȥɸ̾
ФͷһۣסˣΪʲôôýߣ
ҵˣŻʮ㣬ѾĦȭƵѶУоУ
Ǻ׼ˣ
ͷ䣬ͣ£žҪˣ
ҵ˿תͷʾЩ׼
Ĳ󻬿űˡ
׼ĺҲ˲䱻һд֣ˣ
߻վ񻨵ˣڲŵһ߳ͬʱͷţʰ쵵ĲӰз׷¡
׸ߵľ޴վڲ⣬ͷЩٿҴſǽĺɵͷÿֱӼ򴦵Ǿ䡮ͳһڡ

ҵδ̫ˣǳˣ
Ѷ׼ŵľͷ˲ʱ⡮ˡһĻֱ˳ȥ


234 һʽݵЭ

ФĸŴĦ˹Уѵ,סˣ˼۾վڷſڵ˶ǸڴǰǶӵˡ
ͣ,ͣ£ФҪǰ񻨺ͣ,̫ӣΪǸһ㡣
һʱ
Ħ˹Уѧźе㡮ж,׷׼Ҫ֡
һʼФûӦֺǽգ;òˡ־,һչۡ
棬ջ֣ѾˣĦ˹Уһһ,,ÿ˶ҡ,ʮȡ
ܺõ־
һ꣬Ф׵Ѿˡ
ƫƫôֱͷ,ֻȫӭȥ
Ф,ŲФӣ˵ǾУͬѧԷôˣ
,û˵ǾУͬѧФʱ˵ú첻壬ֻƭ׼ԭһپˣûʲôˡ
˭֪
,ΪʲôôߣФͷʣѩϼ˪Ҳˡ
Ф鿴죺ôְ֪ɡ
ˣܲܰ˸ߣҪ׼ĸֶ׼ˣҲ˷ˡ
ҵֱƽ䣬ɰͰͿʼкĦ˹Уˡ
ò˵ңִ󷽣Ħ˹УķſӿʼԣΪ˶޶ëͿʼûкӪҺһ϶Ƕѵġ
ֵˮԴԴ͹Ħ˹УǳԵøɸɾ
ҵˣЩУǶ˶ã
ý߶Ħ˹УԷʮֺ棬Ҫ֪֮ǰѶУʹĦ˹УһֱУȥ˾ǽ
ھȻߵһ
еĵļ߶žͷŴĦ˹УӺФֱġ
Фĵģܾ군ˣֱϵ˿ǰװڿҪͽ
ΪˣФ͵͵һֻ۾ͱʲôӦ

üѶУлʹĦ˹Уͺã
ۣǺͺˣҾͿԹ۴Ħ˹Уˣ
ФŴģû뵽ȴѶУϵһڵȷʵʺٵжˡ
Ҫ˵УͲӦôԣ־ȥԸ޲𣿡
ҲƱһˣϣԺá
Ƶ۲Ϲ֣Фһֻ۾꣬һ
ô
һߣĦ˹У׼еĵĳԵøɸɾ
ҵûٶԴĦ˹Уºֻ֣޶ëڶá
֣˵Ǽһ͹ңȫǶĻʦǶԱˣǹȥιۣ
˵ι۾ͲιۣФҪܾ
ҡͬ⣺ȻԣھФФǹȥιۣ
ФͱͱӣѹǴĦ˹Уˣ
Ħ˹Уôˣ㲻ҪӳФϵϴСͬѧȥιۣ
Ф˵ʲô˹ȥ
һ죬Ħ˹УҳͣǼһȦι꣬Ϸ뿪
ФУͷԼңܸо̫Ծ
֮ǰι۹ҵʱ򣬺Ħ˹УĻʦ˲ٺö͹ȥѵʱǸģ޶߰˼sס
Фؿڣַֻӣһʱе㴭ǲϵˣ
ӣȻָвԣսһŵǲν𲻼ˡ
ҵνô
ղŴĦ˹Уָ˵滨ƿźÿֱӹˡܼڱ
ФһоԼ챻½ͷˡ
ԭФϣФӸ飡

֣ллѴѵ޶ĸָֻϣ3212ѧԺллҡ
ҪƤ
Ф˼飬ԥԥûסԼĺģ3212ôûȥǣֻ
ɲǣ̫ˣҪҵˡһУĴָ
Ф⣬ϻǱ侲еңҲǲһЩס
ϻָȫźãӰóӺͱʣдһŻЭ飬ϸͶټʲôȼĻף֣ǩ
Ф㶽ӹһαĲҪˢ֪
˿Щ׶༯asbס
b׾ȻҲã̳޷ĵز
ФֵǩҲǲǩüһ
ʲô
ôȥһ3212ǡ
û뵽ФҪӦȻԡ
ǡдȥФ˵ŤͷĦ˹УӳԱ
Ҫ
ȥддһ飬һʽݡ
Фӹϸһ飬ŰЭжǿԹɢ˵㡣

ѵѵʱڣȥĦ˹УȫФҴ٣˻ڰݷѵ
ڼ䣬ûյӦǾκͨѶϢһֱʼһ졣
ͷ˿ԼĹԣƤʦʦżʺ֮⣬û˷Ϣ
ǽżӦǾģʲôΪʧˡ
ʽʼУ׼ǩ
㲥ע⡣


235 

ƽͨԺӻһϽ3s,۹У˳3sָӡϰУڵ͵ȣƺתˡ
õУʵ׷ױ,ĩβУ,ǴĵһΡ
ҺܺУεĳɼ˵ѵ̣ɽкɽбá·ָڴ,ЦЦָӲǰķ˸ͷ
ûǴҲָӲеһԱɿֱͷ,񲢲ڷ·
·ǰνⱻʱ̣
̨սӲĸУѾʼȥˡ
Ħ˹УΪһȻһȥ̤˱ܵǹǿҵķ紵ˡ
УǷ׷״ӿڴһëñӴͷ,͹һªñ,һһ
ñӣϰŴĦ˹У,ʵǵսûֶ
У𣬸,ǰϲĳ,Ҳò˥¡з˿϶,һԲϾ׶ԷĳգǳյҪԴ
ȻĦ˹УͷϵñҲ󣬵ǵѾñܱߵë˴룬̫塣
·룬ڼϸĦ˹Уһ,ǵʱһȺaëޣûжһһ˵һ٣ڵľУ첻֪Щʲô
ԭ
ЩñӶǸСӻʦֹ廨ţʽ
ӵñӶӦɺģǴްϻõУñӷ·ǴӰиһϸĵÿñ߼ϸ
Щȡ֮ǰaëϣʱŷҲһ˶ҪĲϣɴͲһˡ
á䣬ֻǡ󡣡ү˵̫һſھͺȽȥ磬˵óٻ
˶ǿǰߣһ޶൫·Ŷ黺ƽ
·ϸɾ쳣ûʲô֦ʯȻΪ̫Щûˡ
ãЩʦָӿѵûλִ򻬵ʱַһ˾͸ŷܣԭشתֻԱͬӵĵš
濴˿֪㽫·ƫһ㣬ܵĵط
ǴŻᾭһƬ֣ܶԼߣԲ档Ϊ֦ǿ裬ǹȥ⵽СġǰԤﲻûף׳ֿٻ׵
𣿡ʡ
Сֻ̫ܿԼˡ
ԣеĵˢˢóԵ
ӦɺŤͷеʲôʱָ֮ͣǰذס
תתʣôͣܲϣ
ǿԣô
еѵĲϣҪײҪ
˼нȻԶԶһƬڿĹЩҡڣ˦ڵϣžһٿ棬֣ȻЩĽ
Сġѵ
һȳ˹ȥŲɿڽ֣еչ·⡣
Щֲ֦ڣ֦嶼Ʈһȥ㿪ʼ϶㿪ЩĹȥ۲Σѡһֱֹӱס
һһ磬紵¡

ֽ̫Ӳˣ3sģ˵ʱڰһϡ
߶㿪һ߹۲ʣ϶ֻƤá
ȫֻҪǵƤͺá
жˡɽѵͺͷ
ͺͷֻа˸ߣߣȴһСͱޡΪ֫צӷޱȣʯ࣬˲
£ʮֻͺͷɴڽĦ˹УУֻӰͺͷĿ
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УڷĳʹѰƤŽսУͷصС
һǣȥУڡɽ
漴УڣУӾУŬͲңͺͷĹȻˡ
۽ƳֻͺͷӰȻһӣֻü֨һȻͺͷ
˦Ĺٱͷ˵ͺͷ
󾱴ˣֻͺͷжٶҲһ㣬ȻץצҪ
ͺͷĹһԴõһ˦еλá
ͺͷﱻУһ˲䲻ѣصȷӦѾƽ޿ɶ㣬ӲУһ
˿ֽӽγϵֱһ¡
ֻͺͷٴκеĻᶼûˡ
ϾעѾֻתȥԸʣͺͷ


236 
൱,УҪ·Ƭ֣޷ʹûףҪڿͺͷĹ
ڲ,жͺͷ﹥ȴСıе,жûվȣܵģ֮ǿűס͡
ΪӳԱ,ıǽЩͺͷͬʱУеͻ׵һ֡
ͻ׵ϸ츳÷ǿ,ǴУѵסͺͷĹ
󷽣ںֻͺͷɨԱߵĵѵ
ԱߵԵͻȻͺͷ,צץ,պûüջȥ,汻ݺץĵצۣ֪һצ,Ǻء
Щͺͷﲢǵж,Ըһģʽ,ǲǿȻߣתˡ
ֻӿͺͷֻת׷ȥʵʵ˵,˿ֱֳ̹һĻ༤һ˵Ļ
ñ̫ˣһûͿ㣬һҲϬΪԭ˵ĲϣҪȥӵũˡ
ΪʲôŪͿ㣬ҪʽӦɺˡ
ԴӼʶںڳõǼܲҾ徵ĻףӦɺӺͽһϼƣԭͿ㣬ʵҲӰ׺ܣͰѶһͿܼ١ߵĹ3sõͿa̫࣬ʡȥһġ
Χ̫࣬ͷ˿ž˦ڵϣͺͷڻУʱʱצȥܱߵˡ׷ԽԽͺͷ˭˲һ
һֱֳλԱˣǶ֪óʱѧУû뵽ȥѧͺͷ
ƫƫΪЧѧͺͷƤλȻܿĹкΧУҲѧ
ͺͷﶯ̫죬ѧĿ˷׷ЧĶ
һʱ䣬ͺͷﷴֵ߳Ĺؼһ
ͺͷҲͣȺȻѧǣһʱŭɶ߶УȺ֡
˿Ѿƽһֻͺͷסնһֻצӡ
ͺͷ˻ѷμһУٿȻĸߣһֻצҳץ
ʱҲͬһʱ߶ȶһ£ųɾŵģͺͷֻո
ֱֳ
ͺͷûɱҲҪеֻ˵ģˣЩͺͷ벻һȥģǡ
ֱͺͷ·ͺͷ·ߡ
ҡͷҺûǣñӣȻдôһʱ䣬ǵñͺͷˡ
һʵרŵñӣҪԴһʱУԴһţ᲻û
ǽûжһñӣ紵ͷƤʹָ

ߡһ͵סͺͷܰһ飬뿪
ɽͷ·˸ߣλ͵ͺͷһģһıʱ֮
мʮУֻһͺͷԽߣͺͷﷴûм٣һ·㼯йǡ
ڴĦ˹У龭ǰһĻҲӦԸ
ں棬ǰƽһʱ䣬ǰ濪ʼͣ
·мȻվֻСͺͷһͨͺͷ
3sͺͷ濴·мֻӣѹ
ӺȻߵǰ棺ҺɽֶԸֻʣһֻү
ͷСģ߹֮ļ϶Сһ
ôֻӡͺˡտ˵˰䣬һǿķ˷ӿ˲Σ仰䡣
ԭ򡣡ɽ˵ʱͣˡ
Ȼ
УӸԸͨͺͷλͷֻͺͷ
ֻͺͷȻСˣצͨͺͷﳤǳ˿һצֱۡ
ûлڵڿ԰ѾУսʱǵֱͷյüΪ
ұ۱ˣѵƿڣѪֱ˳Ȼ˿ڲǳȻɫһδû·ʧȥʹ
˦֣ԥӱۿͺͷϣֻѵһֻͺͷȫûˡ
Ϊʧȥ˵ֿͺͷצӴ̴ơ
˻
ֱֳĹڼһĻʶһ澵ͷеۡ
ƫƫǰһøˣͺͷȻҲû뵽ô񣬻ǰ͡
һ˲䣬סü⹳ֻ̽ͺͷ۾һһֻ˳
ܾˡ
ֱֳϰ쿴žͷڵĳΪʲôҼǵֶֻá
ǲϲɶֵ
ֱ̨෽ӦǾվڽ䣬ͷŴĦ˹Уֱͷü΢š


237 ֮
׶ս,޻׶Կһ
ǶȻǱޣȴ޷ʹûףֻܿս,ûκλء
˹Ǵ˿̼Ĳǻ,赭д̾ףѪ֣ɨһ۱жۡ
ͺͷﱻһ,ŭɶ˻УеĳצתҪ຦ʹ顣
Ȼ۾ʱ,ͺͷﲻһ㶣˲ǿΪԼ
ˣ
ɽ˫߷ɶͺͷ̧𹭼ͷͺͷֱۣʹֻջ,ѪҺʱĽ
ŭʵҪˣ
סѪ,΢΢תתû,ֻͺͷȥˡ
ŻɽҲ޷ɱһǧ˼˰ٵΪͻȻһ¶,Ȼֻͺͷѹס
ֱֳ
ֻͺͷϰ쿴ֵĺ,˼,ôͺͷͻȻȥ
ôˣŤͷ
Ӯϰƶ
ս䣬һһɥʧ־Ʊػ䣬˶ˣ޶,һ
Ȼڣ̴ֻһֱƵֻͺͷͼɼ϶СϧȻ۷ǡߣƽͺͷ
֮ǰͺͷﱻһֻ۾ʶסԼһֻ۾Ѿ
ͺͷڳʧȥʶǰֻʣһɻôͻȻˣ
ֱֳϯǹֱһҵֱӽֻͺͷնˣһ
ڵѪ˳ָµѪ档
⣬ȴ·ŵһɼŨصѪζɷ졣
һߣһֻͺͷ壬ʱҪæȥɽסһֻͺͷ
֪ǲܸղȥͺͷ̼ʣֻͺͷ޲Ūˡ
һܳסɽ̧Ťͷģȥ֡
ûÿıͺͷ˶ˣ
Ħ˹У鲢ûͣڴвǰߣٶ䲻죬Ҳǰ
ˣɽ㲻˵רĶԸͺͷ
ס߽ױͺͷУǱѾʼȡѹʤ
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ڳֶԸֻ߽ܿױͺͷԱˡ
ͷ棬һ飬·ѵϵѪ߰˰ˡ
һ̧ͷͼߣǱߣ˹ٴ˿ڣҪͣ⣿
ҽĨɴֹѪӸֹѪ
ǰߣһ߳ԼҩɴĴʣɴ
Ӽ˶ûɫ
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϶ͷ߽ױͺͷѪЩթ϶ŵͷѪٳˡ·ǿƽ߳֡
·ԣĦ˹УƽƽֻߵͨԽԽխԽԽƵĹַ磬ߵ쳣Ǳ
һſ˵˷磬ҪСΧԽܼڶѾ˫˲ţܿǰС
棬һǶϺ󣬷ֹ޹ûƤ롣л׽סһƤ漴һذ
˵ͦѹǷ֡
˿УҲѾȫȥڣ۹УΪһӦǾһôǡôķװñӸÿʵãз۾
ҵĻҪѶУʱȫ֣ҲûʲôԴһûκηװǵ΢һЩ
ڴĦ˹У鳹߳ʱУɹնɱ߽޵Ĺ㲥
Ȼȵ۹УҪ졣
̧ͷĨǰҲܿһĹĻ֪ǾС
ԭںУһڱһˮƽͻڴĦ˹УƱǵһ

УµһλӦݲ֪ӺδվӦǾԱʵ
Χӵֹ˺ӦǾ̸ȴӦݣֻŬ̸ݾʱת档
ӦǾɨֱֳʮָĻĻǸУӳԱľͷĿڴɳɫĹĻϣǾ֪
Ӧ΢΢šüǵһֱ˵֪Ϊһ3sָӣӦǾжʱõǳ䣬޷ȷҲа˳ɵĲ²⡣
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Ƭ̣ӦݱֺһŹĻǾͿУõһ
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ӦǾɫӶһĻڵˣ
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޷Уܶڵ¡
ڡ
ͣһദ˿ڡ̧ʾһտͣ£ɽȥΧ
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û˹Щͺͷ﹥ֻиɾĵ棬ûһϸʯӡ
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ɳĮеɳɳӻܶɾֻҳȫϸСĻ࣬ױ
Ǽֵһ¡
ֵ̧ס⣬ܴ¿˿һ޼ʵĵȫһǳǳĻҳ˵˴йַ罫ҳߣۼ̫񣬵ʼֻһ㡣
㣡Ӧɺĵ֣ÿ
һִԼȳ⣬˾Ϊ˭ҩۣ㣬˿Ҫˡ
˻һӦɺӷ׷̧ͷ
үǺЦһȬҿ

һᣬɽΧһտûڵʱûޣ߲ȥ
꣬Ħ˹УǰУȻɽ˵֮һģһûκڵһֱߵҪ
ڴפϢ̧ͷſ죬ڵﶼûҵפ񣬹ƴһΣ͵˵׼һ˶ˡ
̡ͨսڰ֮ǰƤóӹ̶
棺ټлʦ
ֱֳλϣװ׿ŴĦ˹УĻʦңоȻһֹȻ˵ĸо


238 ֵ
Ҫͨ,Ҫֶ˵Ħ˹УûУһûС
,ֳ,һһ޶׵ġߡַȥ룬ֻɻʦֳĥ,Ƕйߣÿ졣
ˣȫڼʶһҵ׳۳,˵ߣǰ޹ˡ
һϯضϴҪ񲼣ǧٹ֣ǲ,ؼǰЩ
ΪڼϲǿʤĻʦ,ôܾô򵥵ŹһֵĻ᣿
ǼΪͳһ˾,һҪԼдʣɧ
Ħ˹УʦǸߣЩʦ̬ͨ,˫,һ,ͷƤӼ£ҪôͼҧƤߡ
Ȼҧҧϵġ
͸£лʦǸߡ
ȻǶϲ׶ս֮ǰĦ˹УһضгֶԸСޣܲסĦ˹Уɧ,ֱֳܰǵȥ
۾ڿУԸޣȴ̲סĦ˹УĴͨôˡ
ڶֱڣæ¼ͽͼǾǼ֤ʷȻʷе㻬
ˣԺԼŮһ˵ǸҵľУʱҿǿֱˣ
ʦǼ־ϸǶܿܰãһСʱ֮һͨˡ
ǹŴʦġʱȫڵС
ڵһӦĦ˹У
һŴƤӣжϴжٷķߡ
صģֻ߷Լ֣صģԼ츳ǿȻ˴Ħ˹Уӡе˷겻㣬ڷϴ߷˺ӣʾסĲʵⷿӡ
һСʱˣ幤û㡣
ͷβһ飬˿ʼ֧ͨȫƤù̶ʣƤĽһι̶Ƕڵڵ֧ϣȷ紵Ѵܣ֧һϲɢܡ
صϢҹٽ濴Ŷ˵
󲿷˶˴ͨ·˯ȥҪû˷磬Ҳ˵һСš
Ϊص㱻۲ԱǿҪϢ͵ضߡ
˺Хķûͨڷ·𰲾ĺ治ͬһ硣
ͬҹУҲҪϢֻǵ̫ãûдĦ˹УּߡȽ֣Ҳ벻Ƥ߷
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ûоУ񣬵񲻹һСʱ㱻紵ӣ
˯ãûñӣҹҹ紵ͷûɵȥ֮ͷƤƱҪ졣
󣬹ƸУĻʦҪѧĦ˹УһС·Ȥ
ϰҡͷеͬҪýֿ֣ҪƤˡ

һϢ󣬴Ħ˹У˽ԾӳУͷȫͬ
ǻϷߣǰ漸ҪС٣;ϼޣʱ䱻ǺܿУ顣޵ܶȣױҴȡսپ
Ѿ˲٣ϻһҩ֮սûףûʲôϵ
ѶУٶһֱڼӿ졣ɽ濴˿ƽͨԺͬ
УľһϾ޽ӽ
˼ӿٶȶŷ·йĻ

У
ˡɽвٿػ״Ӱ£еıӼڿУҲȫƮȻ˵ĸ֪һֱעС
ӻײڳƳԱߵڵȥһȺ߽ޣŰ޺á
ǰ鿴ɽеĻףͷŹϵݣʶüʸߴ52%ˡ
ʱڰٷ֮ʮ£ʦά᷽ܶ࣬һֵάʱѲϡ
һСûסɽпԼĻףʸң´ע⡣
ŵȻ֪ɽеĸ֪ȼǴɶȨȥʣŵ֪ܡ
ǶˣУж
ʱ̫ܵˣۺȻһֱŶججȹһֱϸǰھһ𣬼
ȻȻ֪ɽкɽǳ3sףΪ˵Ļʦ
ϸǰŰǰɽ̵˻¸Ϊ3sס
ǳ3sһȼĻʹơ
뵽⣬Ųһˣ
ҲѹһҪ£һʦ˫޵ĳ3sӦǾҪ


239 ʯ
,аŰųصĽŲͬһĿ귽ϡ
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һƬյûκڵ֣޲𹥻,赲˴󲿷ֵķ磬Ϊ˲紵ߣУǻһǰߡ
ڸĬ,ǱҪû˿˵Ϊһ죬Ʊر紵ڻҳ
̫ƽˡ
濴ŵͼص㻹д·,ȥ,һֱֻ,ֲܿ˵죬Խơ
УҲƵ,ȥһ͵ڶйĻ͹㲥,,·һжֹˣֻпҳ֤ʱ仹š
Ļ˵ֲӣжֻ״ǹ̶ġ
Ӹ߿տʵʱͼֺᷢڵƽغبоУҪյ̨,ƱҪһ·
Сáܡ߳ȥүﲻסʵͺڵķ磬࣬⼸ﻵˡ
û̻ȷͣµĿ϶ŵܿܵʯ֡
ʱ򣬴Ħ˹У˶Ըʯֻûг׵ֻ֪һֱ֡Žȥ֮ᱻס١
Сʱͷǰľ󣺡
ɡˡ
Ҫյ̨Ҫʯ֡
ÿյ̶̨췽ݵʱУۺʵյ̨λáУʵǿѶȻӦߡ
⸡ʯ־˼һ㣬޴ʯͷƯڿУγһƬʯ֡
ЩʯرǱ紵ģ֪ǰķжǿһֱڣãؼЩʱʱͣ
һͣбʯͷ棬ᱻˡ
϶󣬻Ӧܽȥɽ۲һḡʯֵ
ͷ׿Խͻ׵ҪСģǻҲǷȱͣʯ䣬վڵҪע⡣ʱС͵Ҫ۲ͬ͵
һйͨ׵󣬴Ħ˹Уʼ븡ʯ֣˶ڻڡ
ʯڵʯͷһ̶ֱСһʯͷһֱƶһʯͷҲڲֻͣΪӴʯͷڶԵһƬʯ֡
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ӴͷȲٿػ׽븡ʯ֣ȥ֮㷢Χļ϶ԶԶҪ΢һ㡣
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ӦɺӺͽǰȻƹǵĶƣ漴ͷ˽ȥֻһ˫棬ԶԶȥǾڹ壬ֻֻ֧ţߡ
⻹ֱֳǵһܣʱ;ˡ
ԭǹͣǰǻΪֻһԢ⡣
״̬һΣգֻҪſţǿٷְ٣״̬ʯͷҼ²̫˺
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Ĵ˿ֻһƬʯûκζʵģ
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˶ʱ߾ģֻûֱܷĿʯͷбʯܣʯͷܶȲͬڳĥ£ɫࡣҸʯ̫ˣڲƶ塣
˫εȻ̧ߣһεɳȥٶȼ죬һɫʯͷϣ뵶ʯͷײ𻨲ͬεȥȴģīɫҺ˲ŷɢ
εбʯܺ󣬻ɽУͷεϵҺղſͷ
ʱ˲ŶԱʯʵʵʶ
Сıʯܵͷһֻ׵ףͷɳʮףϵҺжøʴױ㡣ҺУҪͬһλٴαϣ˺ڲ㡣ٵ
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Сıޱ鷳̫ˡ
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ͻɽֱ߲ʯͷϣЩʯͷ޷ǻ׵޷ͣ룬Ҫһʯͷ
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ЩҺƻֽĵٻʯͷǰΪ˿·
ʯܲʯͷϣɫƤʯͷΪһ壬ͷɫġ
ոնһֻʯܵͷδջεֻʯܿб㳯³һīɫҺ
ⶫȻ޳첻˺մȳ·Һֱ˳ƺ󵹣īɫҺںˤĹУȻְסʯһվһ鸡ʯϡ
ֱֳ
޳ܻ׵Ⱥƺ3sҪǿϰŤͷɣҼǵҺĢֻܶԻǲЧ
޳ڲṹ˸ĶҺĢĻǣͬĻ̶ٰܳܽٷ֮ʮң֮£޳ҲͻҪᣬƱػɽ͵
ԭˡϰ˵ͷҲʳ⡣

ʯڣڶ͵ڽʯͷԾǿ͵Ҳͱʯܲ
Ȼǰλٶȫûа취ȣɽ߽ױʯܣڵ͵ʯɺУӳԱԸ
3sʯܡɽվһ鸡ʯϣǰǻıʯܵ
3s͵ûſ˫ᣬʯͷϴٶҲһ롣
ֻһһֻ˫ŲīɫҺε
ֻɽͷʾ棬һֻ3sʯڵ棬Ѿʼˡ
ԣѾѡԼҪԸıʯܡ
3sʯܹӱͨıʯûʲôֻоĲ𣬵ͷ󣬱ܷȫͬ
ǵͷֲ漫ͷʱīɫҺͷ
εͷ3sʯȥʱ³żճҺôε׹䡣

ԾִֻҺгεʱ3sʯͷס·Ҫ޳
ԻײΪʳǱϵĲϣԴǶǴ֮
ֻ3sʯܣҪҺʴףʳ
Ըε˫һϣγֱֵӵסҺţЩҺű˦ʯͷϣ˲һʯͷʴꡣ
ͷʯܲԣջͷ
׼ʤ׷նϱʯܵͷȻ˿̷ͣˣ
һͣʯֲиʯȫֱ׹ʯȻ档


240 
ʯһ˲׹,ȥһƺƴʯͷڷ
·ľУԭֻöԸʯܣڶڶܰµʯͷ,߿׹ĸʯڻ,һػο߿лôʯͷ
˽ʹֶΣͼ㿪߿׹ʯͷ,ЩʯѾϰҹУǡ
ɽûأֱչ˫,Ϸɡ׳򲢲Сſֻ֮ɳʮסʱγɱֱһΣµʯͷʱյͨխĿռ䡣
͵޷ʱ䱣ڰ,Ծ߶ޡ
Ž²ŵʯͷһ,վȱиУӵűʯͷ,ٶܵӰ죬ͬʱʮʯͷ䡣
ȻȥֽԷ˹,˿̰Ȼʯͷ,ûж㿪ͷϵʯͷ,ֱεٸ߿⽫ʯͷ顣
ʯͷܣ˵ľУǲ٣Ҫ˵⼯ϣЩ,ж⵽Ӱ򱻸һ˹ȥ
жܡߵľУ
ж㣬ֱ̧ϵĶƻǿԣƵŵ㣬棬߿ʯͷ߿һʱ߲ģ˫һ˦εֱӱ˺ϵڰУѴʯͷ顣
ԽԽ߾£͵סҲ׷һһЩʯͷߵΧȥ
һȦγһյش
Сʱʯͷȫڵϣʯֲ٣ʯء
յڵϣһۺУӳԱܿȥȴûмӦɺӣü֮ǰվ˸
תͷָű쳣ߵʯͷɽ档
ȥʯͷɽţ
š洫
ʯͷɽʼܱ߹䣬ӦɺӴʯͷ˳
ϲϰԣܣɴֱſʯͷңҲˡ
һһֻ֣
һͣʱ䲻ᳬʮӣʮӣǼǰ˶ϵСʯ
߲ˡ֮ǰʱķȥ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥŷԶоУ˹
У
ֱֳ
УȻһ˵ɽǰ˵ϣϡϰغϵĹĻ֪ǻھͶϣȸȥյ㡣
Уڸ·Уϣ²̫㡣ɵ
Ҳǡ
ʵϣԶ֪һᷢʲô
ǶãֱԼУ飬ֱӳһͬ
˵Ħ˹Уһ񾭲ָӸסˣ֪ɽҪսϾѵʱѾα˳
⻹õһȫѭָӵ
ֱʲô
Ƣٺãаһ䣬ΪάԼָӵϣֻӲͷƤ򶨣װһлƿ֮С
ȻΪʱǱɽеıӶѾ˹ȥˡ
һʰɣסɽе·
ɽ΢΢㲻Ҷ֡
үͷǰûô3s˲
ֻһˣ۹УӦǾҲУг3sĵ
ˣ3sͿʼҪսһУҫʵ
һߣɽأҪȥһԸǣָֹˡ
ָӣдд裿ȫ˶ϣδе̫Դˣǻûյ㡣׵
Ȼ˷ԴΪβλͣ£污ŭڶϼΪǡ
ڿƲɽãֻܴӣѾʼ
󣬻ɽǱ滹иȫԱڶϣȻǣοܻбʯܻ
У޷ǰУֻ￴˶ս
ɽѾеѵɬУڷ·һֻ֣վӷΧڣܸܵһǵصĽУƺԶ޷ѳ
ָо𵱳ɽ黹Ҫֲ
ɽӵʽһÿһӶֻ⡮ģұһ㽣Ҫ
ɽСһž޴ܼƺ۴Ķ޷ӿ
ֲ̧˲ϣûѪԲˡ
̶ֳȣе㻳ǰѵɽбֳˮƽǲʵġ
ٿԱɽеĶս˶ͻףֻ֪ȼԭɽпԳʱ佫׷ӵٷְٵˮƽܡ
⣬˭䡣
ˣȻûκһ
ֱֳֻĹڣ΢еԾõʵ
ֻ΢ԾȫΪ̫ˣӴĦ˹УƽͨԺ͵۹УӶѾĹˣԱ侲ˡ
㻹ҷ񣿡ɽע⵽еıٶȸӿ죬ɼֻʣһӰ
㿪һαӣÿȴײɽеıӣ֪ٶȶ졣
սѺϵŶɽУƫƫͷűӳ嵽ǰӵɽеؿڡ
ɽʶ˿Ҫһľ룬ܽӷӵ¡
ڣ
ԭͲǳɽȥģĿɽУ
ȻתһɽУԷһֱ̧̲һ
ʱѹڵõ϶һƷɽУ˫߿
ƻӵɽУɽлӱ޵סʱѾվȡ
˻һ߹һ߶Ըʯʱˡ
ûУǷǿһ˲䣬ϵʯͷѾʼ
ӣѾСʯͷʼ˵ߺͿռһ衣󣬶̶ʮӣʯͷһα
ʯһγǰ
ɽṩ˼ıԭͻСθͬʱܹ䣬Щûеơ
ڵ棬ϿգűӴ³ȥ
̫ǿˣƿȫڸУɽ˳ŷᱻУܶ㿪ҲֶᷢԷʵѾʯͷ
ϵЩʯͷڸʯϣϽλͼɽбͬһˮƽλá
ֻиʯ谭ƺ̫ãΧʯʱʱҪԴ϶մһīɫҺ
̫ˡɽв
ڸʯмؽ֣һαɽѹƣȫܣԷкôȥҪˡ
һգкϵɽȥڿ˲תεƹǰʯͷ
ɽлӱ޴εٶһѾȥˣǰɽжϡ
ɽأĸ˶ڵϣ»սһסһԶ
ֱֳ
ˡ·Ƶȫѡ˷ɽжϣΪ˷ֿá֣ˮƽǵĶ֡
Ȼͬʽˣ类ɽÿ
ּȫѹס
ǷֿѾ֪ɽõʵѵʱг룬Ƕˣֻҧš
ֻɽȴǷֿĻᣬǹΧڡ
ɽУǵͼǶǱӦҲɽãѾ
ȻǶڶϵʲô
ɽн󱳱¶ʱǲ죬һ
Ҫɱ֣
3s֣õ3sףҲԿ
ľȣͬⲻˡ
ΪɽеԴװ壬ֻҪƿܳ֡
ڴʱɽֱѹ˹Ӳס֡
ǵģô򵥴ֱѹס
ɽɽеԴʱͬʱԴס
ڵϵֻһ뷨ݣˣ
˿ҲѾɽУֻһ뷨Ҫ֡
ʵϣɽб¶ʱȷʵҲûа취ˡ
ɽеԴϨкһݡ
˭û뵽ɽоȻɱʽϮ
ǵ֪֪ڱ
˿㲥
Уɽг֡
Ħ˹У֡
Уɽг֡

㲥֪߿չսĹԱжԾظĳˡ
ʧ󣬲ظһ顣
˵ǣУָӶԭأһƬհס
ӻطŸղŹ㲥ݣûֵ⡣
ѾͷץסԼؿڵ·Ŀۡ
νǰ綼ڿı֣Ϊһƥ
ģʧ˫㣬ڶ࣡

УͷŹ㲥һʱ򣬶ڻԼĶ䡣
ȵڶ飬УڲѾˡ
ФڷˣҲˣѵһξѶУѡ֮
ƽͨԺ͵۹Уû˶Դ˷нٶȴ˲١
УˮƽҪϴˡ
ֱֳ
ղʲôûסվȻˡ
̨ϣ·⣺ɽ֪Լץס㣬ɴһ֣ɽ⣬󱳷أֻΪ֡Ǻˡ
ѹ޴
ȷʵͷˡϰҡͷͬھҲҪʱĿǰУûʧôֱӵʧȥĻᣬĦ˹УҲֻʧȥһ
ֳ۷׷ףڳֵ˻ǵŷ
ֵľУСͷɽͬʱִڡ
ý׷ӿɷˣ
һγ֣ʲô룿
ɽУʵͻȻô࣬ʲôֻŻܺԿ
ɽУֱӺһֻ֣ΪҲ֣ûУô죿
Աߵɽкɽжһۣе㲻Ҳǵһγ֣ôý嶼⡣
վڻͲǰҲ𻰣ֻתɽĴָ漴תһٰʮȡ
ý׷׷գ־ⶼˡ
ò״ýмʦǵİο˵Ҫȥϴ
صϢϴֳ꣬ë˲ͷûɣʹӷڳ˺ͼأУӵϢ
һš
ˮͣӺɽд߳Ҫ˶֪
˫ֱۣЦòǰ֧ˣ
ղڣ֮ûзӦɽеóѣȻУΪԼ˵Ļ


241 ӦǾ
ڷ,ʱ˿üɽи˵ͷ¼,˵ʱ׵ֲᶯ,û˿ó
ӻиȾߡ
ɽһ仰ɹö˵֡
Ⱦ˭Ȼľѳۣ,ҲپᣬõһλǸȾ¸ΪҪ,Ͼغ
ǲ֪Ⱦ˭Щˡɽ
֪ǰŪ֣
ͻȻˣɽд߽
ĿںɽϣϣΪԭöһַ֣
ڴĦ˹УУûһõôġ
ôҡɽлûϴ,մ޵ѪҺ,һԭ򡣡
ǽ,ʾǼ˵ȥ
߲㷢Ϣ˵УڻиȾߣڱڼ,Ⱦ߳ôע,жɽп,ǱȳԷⷢ
ڳݼ䣬ȻʧЦһǹͨѶˣô֪Ϣģǰ֪ˣԴѵڼ͹ԣ
ǵ,һȷʵڲյ߲㷢Ϣɽ̧¶ԼĹԣǵĹյǱߵϢ
ԣüɽУ֮ǰյϢԲŻͻȻԸҲҪĢ
ɽеͷҲ֪СƾǸȾߣĢƺҲȾˣԲܱɾĢʾĢֻϴ֮һģЩǺǲ֪ʱֻӵҪնĢĸСƾؽӽ
ĸȾҪʲôӹ⣬ʵ
ɽöҡͷ˵֪
֪Ǹ߲ûзϸϢǣ
ȣǣǵĸ߲㡣ɽָָԼָ֯ԭ򣬺ܶ˻಻֪ݣҲжǶֻżŵͨѶյϢԴԷҲֻ֪ЩȳԷһ
⻰ŵġ
ȻΪУˣȫƲ硣
۴ķ濴ǺˣʱڷǸۿǹɱʱ򣬿ûа
ô޷㣬һǰɣԼͶǵ⼸סʡ
ЩĦ˹У˽¶۹ȻڲһԸһУҲҪһнеսȡʤ뷨
˼ɽҲţֻȥֱֳһºѣʱϢ֪ͨ㡣
ͨѶ
ҲСɽлһʱ䣬󶨺üŵͨѶ߳ȥ
öˣһȥˣһϴվһᣬȥ׼ϰңȰӪҺڶʣóûӪҺȡ
ڿźӪҺѾܾûһѪˡ
·Ҳûд򿪹Կֱ붼֪УʹĦ˹Уһ±״̬ǲˣĹ

ûˣֻһˣģҡͷص䣬ڵӪҺһȫ
ﻹһƿ΢΢һš߳䣬һͷӪҺ
ӦɺӹڿճףȻʲôٴ򿪹ԸɽзϢֱֳӦǾڲǣ
ɽдӦǾӰŻظӦǾ⣬Ҵûй
ڣ
űǰý徵ͷȻҵӦǾӰǵ۹֮ǣûвμӱҲĿվڽҲȻýġ
֮ӦǾ⼸춼ֱֳҲڡ
иƵ˸̸Уͷʱʱͻιȥ׼ӦǾȻ֪ڵϲá
ӦǾʮʱ򣬵ͷ˿ԣת뿪ˡ
ʱУڿտ·ϣûȤȥ
ǸӦɺӹճģͣȥӦǾסһۡ
Щص˲ǽӴһ۾С
ϰû˸У飬油Ա͸УҽƶӶȥֱֳڼסǱߣԵЩյϼˡ
ȻûˣʶزأϢǱӦǾǱĵط
вͬ¥Ҳûˡ
֪ΪΣкȻ̫ɳˡ
ٶȼӿ죬˳¥ӦǾǲ㣬¥űûˡ
Ѹ¥ţһ㣬źë̺ûֱȥӦǾķſڣǿһ䷿䣬䷿Ĵ˳ϢӦǾ䴰ԡ
ӿڴһСӣڴһǣ͸ӣĳ
һ֪ɽеõϢʲô˼ˡ
ȾҪӦǾ֡
ӦǾڴߣʶǼˣлһѵǵĵ۹Уʦ
ۿҪǰӦǾϳȥֱƴ롣
Ȼѷһ˾סȫû뵽˽¥˶뿪ˡ
ôֱԴ۹֮ǣ²̫áֽӦǾһôǿָӣȻгһյڵϻԲѣҲ֪Ⱦ߶ʲô
ӦǾʧȥʶվȣҲ޼£ֱӵ
˿̣ڵȾڷӦһȫΧ
İӦǾڴϣôȾߣһͱ˳ȥ뻹Ǳ¡
ҲҺ¥ߣ޷ûס
ô뱧§ӦǾͶЩȾ߶֣಻£Ⱦˮƽ಻ߣΨǸ۹Уָʦʵǿ3s͵
Ϊ˻ӦǾߣûָٰʦȭͷ
ֱתñסָʦһţӲ߽˴ûһȥ
ӦǾѡŤͷҲĸȾߣٲѣҰͷˡ
Եȫûκʶֻĳͼв˲۾·ֻ˯ˡ
޳׼ˣ޷ʹûףֱֻӰ˿ܣһ߸ɽͨѶݣǿϰȾҪӦǾ
ǵùʲô¶ܱϡ
ֱֳɽվɽжһ̶ۣϰ
̨ϣ·ƳƳӹͨ뿪ɽúջߣֱĻ

ܵһͣĳأҿһ̨ź󣬰ӦǾȥ
Һô̵·ϣ޳޺ˣȻ군
׺˶ϡ
ԭû˵ϰʱͻȻӿò£ЩȫǸȾߡ
ԽԽ˳֣ͻȻе׵ľϣƽʱûб¶˭֪ЩʵѾˡ
ǿ˻ǵ۹УǸָʦֻҪϵɽùС
ȾƺҲͼʼ쳣깥
һ3s£㹻ס
ֻЩȾͻȻͣˣǵʲôһ㣬ûüô£ֿʼˡ


242 㡭ˣ
ϰƺ,ֻʣ¸ȾߣֱʵϰˣضԷӦǰװǵи߲㡣
Ťͷ̨ȥ,ӦǾĿܴһ,иȾҪƹȥҲܵһʱ䷢֪֡Ⱦ߶ӦǾʲôС
3sָ,ôÿ
ǻǵӦǾֺ嫿ĸ֪̽ⷶΧƿС
תͷȥЩȾߣ׵ֻе,ʣµֻ̧ͷֱҲûĶ
Żˣ
û⣬˼ڶǸ۹У3sָʦϡֵûгȥֻһķΧڻ,Աȫס̨
Ⱦָʦȷʵǿ,ֻȫǴ֮ĵ,Ը3sǾḻʦҲл֮
ȷʵѲ,ֲҪһ,ȫѿ,ֻôǺţһֱȵɽùæ
ĸ֪ûа취Χı仯ӦǾ˿ţܷ쳣
ЩվԱֱΧ۵ĸȾߣбȾĸ֪ͷ˳,һ𣬳ȥ
ںͱȾָʦ򶷣ûвһ쳣
ҲҺãεֱֳϰԶɽúܿ˹
ǴӰеķʱѾס
ｻˣҴˡһ˹ֱ˻ףȥ֣һС
Gɽһתͷ㿴Ȼɵķ⶯Ҳ̫˵㡣
˵ˣɽûǾȡһ뿪·
ӦǾһߣֻɽкɽԸЩȾߡ
ϡ
ӦǾϵˣǰ˻֣Էûа㷴ӦͷŻˡ
ӦǾĳ޼ɵץץץ˳ϺõĳУһֻó׼Ҫͷ
𶼵ˣӦǾûѵļ󣬵ƽȣ˵ӡ
˻ֻʶķ˿ʱ䳤˶ůˡ
ˣȴȥεƽģʽ˯⣬Լվڷǰˡ
õĿĵֱֳ¥ȥӦǾҽ档
¥ʱܶķûע⣬Ϊ˱ǽӵ§ӦǾ߽˺¥
Ϊ˲ӦǾ˵ע⣬·ǰ黨裬漴ñӸǺãסò
¥ȣļУһߵͷŹԣ֮ǰͼͨӦǾͨѶΪڸոգּݳ˱ζӦǾһηˡ
ͨѶʼմͨ
漱ôʵҳ׼ȥ棬ʱһ߲鿴ӦǾĶλ
ţ
濴ŹϵĶλ㣬ӦǾⶰ¥
δϸ룬·һͻȻ򿪣˽ȥҪʱͻȻһˣӦǾ
һ㶣ԷѾɿˣһתͷŷֺˣ
ÿһ¶󷽵Ĳ⡣
ô£ǰӦǾҸոշݱǲַˣҺ㡣
ˣ¡
˵ʲôأ˫ֱվԱߣ˶ιȥˣԵ˻ܶɱˣ
סǡ
е֣ܲܲԵԭ򣿡ûк˵̫࣬ʲôĵ£ǵӦǾ֮˵
ȵȵȣҳȥһˣȻȥҵĻʵҲաһ飬³ȥһƴ
ӦǾ棬棬ٸʵҲա
濪ʼӦǾ壬ڼ䣬ɽøϢ˵ȾûиǾñɢˣЩ˵ˣԺжԸ
˭ʱ¶Ⱦߣ򱻸Ⱦĸ߲һҲҲ
֡濴һϵݣѡ
ôˣʵ
涢ԥһᣬȻλǾŵˣ˵Ҳ޷
ʾȷʵˣ֮ǰǵһü˵ǾԵ״̬
Ǿʲôطֽš
ܡ̷ϣΪӪҺ£¶һ˲ٰ죬ŶˣҲ¼һ顣
̧ۿҽһۣ鲻׵ĶҩӪҺƤ޷ֽţЩأ
Ӧר˶ڼ飬ᡭȻһ٣Ӧ˵Ȼţһѡģһûб
ҽӣʵҽʲô
˵ûһҲȫֻЭзҽӦǾϣ߹ȥ󾱴΢ʵʱݻﳤʮ꣬ûٶ
šüԼǴҲһͬĶ
ⶫܲУʣùֻҪٿ΢ͻ
֪˵ֻһ΢ͼݻѣ統˶΢ͻֽţҡֲˡЩѹֵһ΢ͼݻǵһеĺѣȫûз
ڲϵӦǾ棺ΪʲôһҪ󾱴
ں󾱵õΪ׼ȷʱǾңݲð
ô궼ϰˣ˭뵽΢Ͷܰı
ҪСⶫȡ͵ӦǱȥ⡣浱ϵ
ʱû뿪¼
һⶫ⣬˲ϣӦǾϱõˮϴ
ȷʵСҽָ߳ʮӱ㽫΢ͼݻ˳ⶫ˲Žһڡ
ûаӦǾϣԱһСҩİ͸ͿĨ󾱴˲䣬˿ڱˡ
ʲôҩࣿűƲڵҺúܶࡣôЧõҩûÿƲնԶһĥǸҺϢ
͸㡣ݸ
ôһСޣͿһֻ־ûˡͷ˿
ҩ󣬼ӦҲֻӦǾãһҲֻʮСޡ͵
ҩ˳ӦǾ˸ȷƵܿóӦǾŰݡ
ҪȥӦˡܲ鷳Ǿѣ
аס
뿪򿪹ԣиϰߣ¼ǷҪʱ
ͷ˻㿪һֻʮ벻¼Ƶ֮ǰСĵġ
ĵúмɣֻĵȾ۾µĲλڵϻԵӦǾ
Ȳ¶ȾߵĿܸӦǾ֤ݡ
ƵټǸ΢ͼ⣬ϴӦǾϵɡ
һԱߣϢ𽥷仯δ
ʱϵӦǾ۾֮ǰڼװĸоƣֻѪζֵ̧˵ڵ״
ˣվڴߡ
ӦǾ֣ͷδΪʲôǳԼǰһ֣ø֪ˡ
ˣᱻ޶˹ھֱӦǾӣѹشϡ
ûȣּء
ӦǾ۾ס޳ɾָϣûѵ˼㡭ˣ
ûУˡɿ˺󼸲Ǹ֮ǰ˵𶯲ø֪ҡ
Ƿ˵ԼˣӦǾȷһΪʲôֻһ¡
ӦǾֳԼվڵϣ
Σŵûչӣ
ö˶ʲôӡ
ӦǾĻʵպϤǰһ澵ǰվ
žеԼȻסеɷδ뵱ʱӦǾʲôӡ
ֻǲͷѡ


243 
۵еİ,ϲı仯
飬תߣھкӦǾñϡ
֮ǰñӵʱ,Ϊ˲ñӵ,صع̶һ飬ղ漱ŰӦǾ壬ûзͷϴñ,ʶΪñ
վھǰӦǾ񶼷ϣûעԼʲô仯,һֱڡ
ֱ˳Ŀ⣬żԼŵñӡ
ӦǾԥһ˲ֽ̧ñȡ
뾵Ѿˡ
е˼㴽ɫ԰Ҳ忡鷢΢΢ɢ,üĿȾ,Ψʱ˳ӡ

һʱռڳĬְ
Ļ,ſڵʵͦÿġ
˵꣬㿪ʼڣͼҪ͡
šӦǾת,ҽˡ
ָӵ,侲
һǰһ߳ȥ,Ȼˡ
ӦǾѹ׼˵΢ͼ¼ݻ£ֱԭء
ָմӾǱ߹ɵǡֻǳȥһˣôӶˣ
ȴȫӵ,ڲߴϵҽΪʲôһ⣿
Ŀ֮شӦǾʣŽͣͬѧģ˵εڷ䣬Ҽһ飬״̬֮ǰǵһδڻ״̬Իʲô˼ϵ΢ͼݻѾȡ͸ӦǱȥˡ
¼Ƶָڹƣ̧ͷôԼŰ죿
ӦǾƵһ֡һ֡꣬ڴͷһδűôƿ֮С
˼ЩԼ3sӣһ·󣬱㱻ͶƱ롣
Ϊ˵пܾǻӰаæӦǾɹǼУ֡
Ϊ˼ԪһͨѶʾӵְǼӦǾֹ䷢ڰһ˵ͶƱջǳ֧3sĻӡ
һΣЩȾɱλӣ˳ȥ

ֻǻԣòƲաó֧ӪҺһƿҺ״ϢһᣬӦû¡
ӦǾȻˣʲôԵԭ򻹲ȷɴûߣԱƳ΢ָ뿪
ŪҺƿʱ뿪ʵֻӦǾˡ
·Һƿе
㡭ָָӦǾıӣͷ𣿡
һ̧ͷܼӴڼǰʱûãڿӦǾƽܾԼ֮Σ۸
ԣӦǾֲ̧𷢱ϵͷ
ֶֻ̧˲ߵߣסӦǾҺ֣ѪᵹҰ㡣
ллӦǾ֣Լ𷢱衣
һ뿿ڲϣһͷְ̧æͷȡ
ͷŻԼڴ̧˳⿪ӦɺӵͷһӷֱӻףֱѱӷֿϾλͷ̫ڣԼϧžĻͷһһ˹ӷβɢ
˿̫ˣŵһɵϤĸ㣬ǴĦ˹УӦϴԡҺɳϰṩУù
ӦǾԭµ۽ޣ˿Ѿ̧ǰ˵Һָ΢΢ס
æӣһ߹ͷ
Ӧݴյҽù΢ͼݻٰε˼һ
ƿűΪٴμӦǾʡڴϵӣȴӦǾ˿һ𡭡
һŤͷſڿȥӶ⿪ˣɿͷֱ˿
ôˣӦǾ΢ʵ
侲Ӧָӣ˿̾Ȼһʱ޷˵û壬ֻıӰղĶֶӦǾϣѲ²ڸʲô
ӦӦǾϣôᡭ
ѹҽ˵ǾһֱȥǾԲײ
ãӦǾֺһ顣
ӦŻƺԼ沿⣬ͼ־Ե侲ѾȥˣϾŵȽһһټ顣
⡭Ӧݿϣһ֤ͬ췢¡
ԡ˾ȵףֱӴӦ
ˬӦĻӦݶִһ㺬塣
ӦǾɫ˲٣ȥˣҪ֤ϵҡ
һ뿪Ӧݱʸղŵ£ߣӦǾڲϣϤҺӣջǽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ֻվԱʣҪҪ㸸˵£
ӦǾҡͷ֮ٸ߸ס

ߵֱֳڹϯһλһɽö档
ôɽͷŹĻ
Ѿѹˡ
ӦǾ3s¶һֱǻӡ˿ɽƺںɽ˵ʵں̸
αϣʱûҲ
̫ˡɽлӦǾǸ֪Ҫǿ࣬һʼͺͳ˲ͬزˡҡԴӦνӺӦЩһֱڸѹУֻҪһϵƱػᱩ¶
ǰۿܿĦ˹УʦС
ôɽһ𣿱ʱֳֳü
ȥҡҡͷûô嶯ȿ
һ컹δȥȻʼ仯ɽóֺУ㿪ʼǰȻûԽУ
ʧʧȥ˵ھλ⣬ֻҪУַ
ֱҧƫƫʼٸ߻ǱӵĵһֱڣʱҪӣһأһҪסɽкɽС
ڴĦ˹УҲ˵ʱһ𾪣۲һ˵ɫ
̫侲ˡ
ͬΪɽֿ޴ľ񣬶ȴûд
Ѳȥһмƻж
Ҫָʲô
Ȼ²⣬ϱࡣ
ˣûʲôӦҲٳûٺУ
УӳԱڵУǼ޷οܲ˵ɽʲô
УĬؾȫͨʯ֣ţ漴ֵ
ʱĦ˹УѾͱϡ
ò˵ǽѵûаڷ缫ǿͱϵʯ紵ˣֻʣƽ±ڣһ϶
У˻ףһһͨͱڣûκηֻһ˫֣ס±ϸַ϶ָⱻĥƣҲû
ЩͨͷȫŸĹڡ
ҲΪʲôУռ󲿷Դûͨ˳Եԭ֮һ
У̳˲̣ʱ̻ʧȥһҵȥսǾһ
֪У֪ʧȥ󣬻Բʱĵһյ·
ﵽյ㣬ȫͱڡ
ѡһݵ·׼յ㡣
ϰ˵ʮ֣ʦӵӦ齨Ľ飬ͬʱ˹ȥ


244 ˱ġ
ٿ,ò˶ͷԡ
λԱҲ˹ȥʦǻվڻǰ࿴˿,Ȼû֪ʲô
ӦݺӦǾûй,ȵˡ
һ˵Ŀⶼۼϡ
ʲôϰһʵ漴̧ʾȥ,ǴҪᣬȳȥ
֪Ҳμӻġ˵,ɨһΧѾûеطɴߵֱϯض
ҪֻϢһᡣ
ϰ챻һ仰ס,Ա㺰,λ,ʱӦޱ߽ӦǾ
Ӧݴ󣬱ֱվڻǰ棺ټЩҪ֪ǡ
˶ӦݵĻ,۾ȴ׷׿ӦǾ,ȻЩ±ȻӦǾйء
ӦЦһ,ĿιǵɨˣӦΣɲͷϡ
Ӧָӣʲô£ʵ
ӦֱӷųǶƵڷϮӦǾڱϳȥʱñĦ˹У,Σա
˿ƵȻеԻ
˷һʣȻûпȫվмӦǵ۹Уָʦʲôϵ
Ӧַ̧ųһҳϣ˵òȫǰܶϸղЩȫˡ
˵۹Уλָʦ⣬ʣ¼ǸУˡ

һƬž˭û뵽
ѶУʦ˦ЩǴ¥Աûʲô£ߵȼҲsػǵ۹УλָʦǣӦǾ
Ӧۿͣ˵ˣ⼸˵£Ȳ׷
׷ʲôʵ
Ҳ׷ֻǻӦǾסӦݽǸõּ΢ͼݻڻϣⶫʮ֮ãΪǼݣԱ˽ӦǾ仯ڽǷһеĶ
˷׷ֱϵĶ
˵ãܹԶ̲ٿֱӻԣɼзļ󡣡Ӧ˷ǰȷųӦǾȡƵԼ˲жƵ㹻ǿû١
Ӧָӵ˼ǣϰʵ
ӦݹƵϵһıרݺӦǾıҪڳһмأλͶƱڰе˶Ըδϣ
ƾϴɣ˲ͬ⣬ȥľУֵǮôƮƮҹȥ
ӦȻӣŭǲΪԼȥУҳףֻΪܵӦǾ
ӦָӣƢе֣ôԼڲ⣬ôǣ˲
ۿҪ·ʵӦָûв΢ͼݻֽŵˣ
ӦҲڵȵ۶ǱߵͨѶѾлɵˡ
ֵֻ͵һеΡӼ̨ʱӦѾϵ۶ǿ֮ˣȥһеȽץ
ڻû˻ظ
䣬۶Ǳ߱˴ͨѶ
Ӧֱӹţ˶Σ
ָӣеɱ˵ͷ
ɱȻõ飬֪⡣
Ҿ˾ܿĦ˹УڣȻˣӦǾߵļؿԳˣӦָղĻ֮ˡ
Щ˶͵۹УǱѲ˹ϵǿûʲôϵѶУʦƲҲǰƶȰ£ƽױǵ۹У˲߷˼ˡ
˵Եݵİˡ
֪ڶֽţЩ˻ҪӲ
ô˵˼ǴĦ˹Уһα֤Ӧݶ˵ˣ
֡
Ħ˹УʦƱҪ֧֡
ӦǾ֪ȼǳ3s˸޷ԣֻ΢ͻֽţϴ֮£Ҷ֪Σҵ֤ݣýܣҪͼһ˽ȥһѧ
ʦҲͷȷʵǻ˭ţԽ΢ͻȥ¼һ顣
ԷֻܸĿڵλҪӦǾϴɣȻָһߡ
ͻȻ˾ʣΪʲôȥӦǾķ䣿
ڵĿⶼϯضϡ
˵ϥվˣ׼ϢӦͬѧ⣬һʱ֮ͬ飬ҪȥοԱͬѧ֮Ѱ
Ӧ˫ƳʲôͬѧѰųǰѡ
𣿡·ĵΪʲôҾǸ¼Ƕȷڴ͵ĵģǵӦǾ䲻һ¥ôȥģ
·ָӣ֮ܲķʽֻӦͬѧһϲ
·Ǻǡ


245 Ա
,Դ˵껰Щ졣
ϾӡУչʾͬѧѰ²̫,ȥ˻ࡣ
һ,ѻת˻ȻӦͬѧݺص㻹Ҫڲ֮˵ͼ
⻹һ¡Ӧ˫ֳڻϣԱһӦǾ,ͬʱб񣬵ȴȫˡ
۷׷ףȻΡ
ӦָӲԭ򣿡·ʵ
Աǰӵһְ뿪Ӧޱóһֽ,мһƣǷĵ
˺ⲻܣǶֱֳ
Ա࣬ӵһ쿪ʼѾʶ,ཻӶ֪Է,ǽӵУµĵ,ǰ뿪ûк˽ӡ
ӡһֱУʦ
ɴóԼӡ£ӡһֱϣûó
ҲûС
û,ûи¡

ӦĿڵϣӡ,ġ
ָʦ֪ԩ,п˵ʹࡣ
Ӧٵӡ»߹ǵӡ¡Ӧݱʾżλָʦ
ʲô˼ڵ˶ס
ҪӦǾһ
˷׷״ԲָĻˣҪҳ֡
ǽǱ,⣬֪Ҫ̬αȤ
ڳĬվڶӦǾϣָȷʵ絥ͻʦ⣬߻зйָӲⲻܷйʱּ̱ȵ侲ܳΪһָӡ
ĿֱףӦǾŤͷĿ˲ʱϣһûƿߡ
ϾǸʲôˡ
ˣȻȥӦݲӦǾһأպ죬ûע
ǽǣ뿪ܸоղӦָת뿪ǰԼ

ô˵ԼҲֶӡ
ˡһԻ
ܿûж뷨ˣΪȥʻˡ
˴ʲôɽãӦǾ鷳˵ͷԣһʱ䶼֪ôĻظ
⣬ֻȥͬѧ֮ѰֳϿҵ
ǺΪҲ֪ڵ۶Ǵ¥ФУܱ£
Ĵͼͣ£ӦǾһ3sô͵Ϯ
Ȼ㣡ղŲһ£ѵһǰթ˳ڸԼղŵĲ룬׼ȥӦǾģ

дЩӵûгߣôȥʮգˣ³ҲֱӲñˣ
׸ò÷
̾˿ҲҺȥˣ֪Ҫʲô
ˣȥ˵ѶУѾУˡ

ԴУʹĦ˹УеֺУѾʼƻˡ
ЩΪУãʵֻҪһʱ򼫿ӭУĺųĦ˹УУʣµľУλ
ˣֿߣлᡣ
УڸʯʱУǰ棬ȫڶġ
УҪôĦ˹У֣ǰϵյ㡣
ʵֻ֤Ķһ롣
ʧȥɽãϴĦ˹У֣ʱУһ
۹УƽͨԺû·ǰѡУ
ûϵǶô죬ڲϣֻҴӶ
۹УƽͨԺӦ֪Уڸţûͣѡ·
Ħ˹У̫ͣˣУָΪûбҪ֣˷ʱ䡣
ѶУһФϲ۸С
׷У󣬸ѧֻûԼ˷ɹȥֱָУָӡ
Ȼסˡ
УڳԱˣѧȻܿѶУҲʧȥֻôӹȥϡ
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·ҡҡͷУúһƣҲܱǲˡ
Ŵ̶Цһ
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ˣ嶯·Ц˵ԺͶˡ
УѶУѾˣФͻȻУֱӶս
ֻҪУûгֺϴɽһˮƽĵÿܲµУӮ
νֻأϴǵǾУ֣߳θֵǰУ߳ˡФŵ
ûпպ˵ŬҪԵͬȼĶ֡
Ƕ̫Ը⿴ֵѹĶսв˶ĿɢУͷǱߡ
Ŀǰڵһǵ۹УƽͨԺȻǶսУǴĦ˹У
Ħ˹Уյ·нٶ
Ѿͱڣµϣֻһи񣬻ױ紵¡
ͣϢڶߡһʺפϢͣ
ӦоУǰ档ɽվһԵ
̧ͷ˿ڵգûκιĻ֪УĿǰ
˿ȫڱϣ볡ñʲô¡

ѶУߴһ·ŶսֱͷȻ
ϰҲ˵ͷƵ̫ˣһ3s͵ǻû£¡ѶУ˺һˡ
ҪôФҪôǼ¡·±ϾŽûãһ֡
⻰䣬㶯֣סФ
ʲôФëˣѣҲòԱǲ𣿣
ͻȻô̶ס֣̫׼Աˡ
ѶУĵסˣФǿʼʱѾǶսˣǵĦ˹Уǰӵӡ
ǿǴһ˰ѱñҪ棬ֻҪμӴľУû˲ǽƵġ
ȻѶУһֶѡ
ФʧִʱֹĻײգФ֡
ֻˣܲõλδ˵꣬㱻ϰͨһֱնԴλ
ĻǴѶУ˶С
ѶУʹĦ˹УӶֻʣλˣܲõλ⡣
ѶУФ֣ظһ顭
У֣ظ
ҹڳ㲥͹
̧ͷŹȷѶУķλ
ҵ˶ˡӦɺӴڳαһΡ


246 ˹ġ
Фֺ,ѶУʦˡ
ʱĦ˹УУһӵжˣھж
ֻҪȴ,ٵλһõ
,һУӳԱͬľУֻҪϵУӳԱȰ,Ӯ
ȻǰǶûǰĦ˹Уˣ
ѶУյ㲻Ӯ˭ֻ֪ҪһѶֱˣ
Фһ,ľʦͷ
˭ôŵģڳ֣ˣ
Ƿѵô
Фʲô£
ȥѶУָФýмһ·ڵĵһ޷죬ָӵĻ뵱ָӷŸƨ,Ƕúװ
Ф˭
ϵһ,ͻȻҲˡ
Фס,ΪǴ򲻹㣡
㻹ѶУòλôԶѡֲ̧ϵѪ
鲻̫á
֮ǰɽΪУλˣǾôһ˾,У˵λ,ʸʧȥˡ
ǻΪ3s,ʵ˸ҡ
·һǽ͸⣬ɽúվһ档ڣɽͻȻжӱʲô顣
˲֪,ܵҵĸ֪Ǿܽǳ嶯սô򵥡
ۣڼȻˣȥ̹һʣȻһܵõࡣ

мڴľУ֣ȻƽͨԺ͵۹УûʧȥκһϷԵĳ棬ýǸ˷ܡ
ФֺѶУپֱ뿪Уȫ֣ѾûʲôپȥֻѶУͽԱ
ңյ㻹һ·ڼ䱣׼ʲôޣȻָӿԲٿУӣʵޣһͷ߽ޣ߽޻ŵͽȺǣ߽ޣУרĶԸͽޣֺУӼȫû
ȻҲû⣬Ħ˹УһڼαУУӳԱӲյ㣬εӣҲࡣ
죬϶ִ˲ƣĸУܶõһλԼλᱻУ¡
ڵսҲѾȻ
УУлյ㣬;۹УƽͨԺԼѶУ3s޲ֻҪУ·Ȼɴ֡
ʵϣУȷʵûߵյˣֻʣУ
Ħ˹Уߵ쳣ѣΧͱڣ͹ַιͱʱжЩǱޣУҲгֵˣǴյ㱳˳
ƽͨԺ͵۹Уˣһ޵ʬ壬֮ǰУͨնɱյ̨ޣϢĻᶼûУֱӿʼս
ɽ׼ӺȻȥ죬ʱѶУҲϵˣ̺ô͵͵첻̫ðɡ
˻һƽͨԺ͵۹У˷׷׻֡
У˶ˣվյ̨׼λӡ
΢۹УʹĦ˹УĻ4036Ħ˹Уõһ򽫳Խ۹УΪĿǰֵܷһľУ
ڣĦ˹УȲ˵ƽͨԺѶУϣ۹Уõһ
۹УõһУԽԽУû׷ϵĻᣬԵһλ˭öȵ۹УҪǿ
·ָΪļУֱֳ֣ϰʵ
ƽͨԺѶУûлԹ֮ǰҲٺĿԺܴ󣬵Ħ˹У˵·ôΣһ¡
Ħ˹УӸûа취Ԥǻʲô
۹УʹĦ˹УûпܻϰܽıȽϿ졣
⼸Աڷ˵ڼУҲֲ£ڿǽô
ϯֵĵһ飬ιģƸ׳ۡ
УȫԱѶУӵФĦ˹УӵԼ۹УԭָӦǾˢˢһ顣
֪էһΪǻûȥ
ΧýҲǰ쿪ʼֻҪʲô󶯾ͼԱΧʼУӳԱ
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ΪУõһУõ
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ǵ۹Уָӻ
ФٶȸĿڣһƽͨԺ
ƽͨԺֵֻУӳԱ£
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ФΪ˭õһأһżʵ
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ФֱУѶУļ
߼ǰߣӦǾվǰš
λ⣬֮󣬶ϵӦǾԱ߲˲վһͷŹĻаס
֪˿ΪһУˡ
ϵҲ˲٣Ҫǰǵ۹֮ǡ
ӦǾΪ۹Уαõʲôλ
ûлأûпߣֻͷڡ
ѾоУȶˡ
ѶָӸѧѡƽͨԺ
߾ŻͲûеõӦҲϾУڿǹɷʵǴš
Ԥ鲻һ׼ò˶þ֪ܽܿתͷżߵ
ЦЦҲǡλҲ˵ˡ
ȼ뿪󣬰ΣӦǾ˭õһ
֪Ҳ޷ȷȻϣĦ˹Уõһλõˡ
ӦǾתлл
ŹĻü΢û˵
Ļ̫ˣһŵФǰ˵ĻòУֻбӵӦǾ˲Ŷ湴ģ˵Ļһ˹°վһţУһ
ФǰˣԺˣ̧ͷͦأ޲ѶУĶܿ˿Լٵһ棡


247 ֱξͺ
Ӹѧֿʱ,˶ڵƽͨԺĻӦ
˵ƽͨԺҪһλѶУ,ϾѶУԸ⹩һλ
ʹĦ˹У,淴ת
ƽͨԺ·ʱָӣĿƵƵԱߵԽˣȻڵ
ҪҪԽûлظѶУ,ʽ档

˻һڳ˶һ
ȻƽͨԺ͵۹У±ȷֲԽԽ,û˻ᣬҿɶǵԽһֱڴĦ˹УԱ
ԽԭԸôҲܺʹĦ˹У
ǺӮˣĦ˹УԸóһλ𣿡ѧ־Խʧȥǡ
ѵķ˵Ӷûˣһǲ壡
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ߴӱƵͣתıʼ⣬ٵָͣסš
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ҲϲӦǾָ΢΢ҪԼıʼǱ
ʱŴФɹѹס㻹ɣ˼ɶأ𣿡


248 ȥ
תͷȥФĵɲν,ʵҶĻ׺ܸȤ
ФԣʶסԼϵĻ㲻лףҵĸʲô
ѾԤ뵽Լϱѹţѻײж׳ҳ档
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۹УʹĦ˹УȻƽˡЦЦҲż4141
ӹ۹УǼˣü۹У⼸˹ƽˡ
õڶˣڶѾ䵽Ҳ׷˾Ȼܱأеת̫ˡ
Ѿ˰࣬ľٲԺҲõ۹У⼸ûʲôԣĦ˹У˼εһӦǾֶγ£ôҲҪѧ
Ȼ֪ôܾķ˱仯


249 ͷ
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۹УһҪԭ򣬵⸽ýߣֻȻشߵ⡣

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һͨĺڿ۾ʼùһһ㽫΢ͼ¼оƬֿ

ΣӦǾ˷ӣʵ
Ĳͬûⲿɿ˻Եĵ˵
δȿڼһֵ΢ͼ¼Ҳ˵ڶθ죬ַǸ΢ͼ¼ͬӦһ˶֡
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ѹը/ҩΪ΢ը/ҩը󣬵ں󾱴ֻҪըȻܽͷըһɻ̧ͷһֻǡ΢оƬװ󴦣Ҳֻըһֻ֣


251 ̹
˻һ˵,еŭʲôвʧȥ֣Ժ󹹽ô죿
֮,Ȼ󴦵ĺС˽,˵Ҫװں󾱴ѡ
Լ󣺡΢ͼ¼ǵһùģǸҲ뺦ң
ҡͷ,ָϵ΢ͼ¼ǵһеζֽţ治иװĺۼ
ü׹ʲô˼
΢ݼ¼ǵһе,Ҫֱ֣¼ʱѾѹը/ҩ˽ȥиװۼ˵¼˵ڶθ죬˶֡
΢ͼ¼ֻˡӦǾóһҩ,մһС,ס,ָĨ˿ڴ
ΡҽС̧һһٵ,ҽ
ӦǾǵ˿,ٶȱѰҩҪ,ﲻܺõĳ̶ȣɴ
Ϊֹ֮Ȼļ˶ûע⣬Աߵ˶࿴ӦǾһۡ
ҪãӦǾɴ󣬲ʵ
¼ƺܾ,Ҫʱ̼¼и֪ȱ仯ǻе֣Ҫѹը/ҩͬʱƻ¼Ҫһʱ䡣
һеûиɣҲûжʱ䣬ҽӦϵˣΣκӦǾ滨˼ĸܡ
ֻʣһ˻ɡ
ӦǾ΢ݼ¼ʲôʱ䣬˶ڣȴ־ҽûʱ졣
ֻǵһεʱ䡣ͻȻóһΣǴȫʱ䡣
һƻؾҽϡ
䣺ǾҽΪʲôô
ѵǸȾߣ²
ҽʮǰͨѡ˾͸ӦǾӪҺ⣬ʮҽ˶ǳ3sɽܿҵ֮ͬ
ɺϣҽѧԺôһҽǾҽѧ㣬˶ҽҽ뾮ҽȥŷӪҺ⡣ӦɺһֱԵ̣ߣҽʮѾˡˣʱ3212ǣǰԤ֪
ӦǾڵ
ֳɹÿڼסԱ˰Աߣֻûֻ΢ݼ¼
ʲô˼ֱӦǾʳʱҲѾµ߰˷֡
ɽóɹȼҪһˮƽߵҽӦǾ˱˽ÿһҽб仯ͬʱó3sȼȶѹУǼҽѾųˣǲɽõ
ƾҲһжϾҽ⡣Ҳҽ걻ѡУҽ֮ǰһֱʮ
ҽÿݼһΣûܼڵ档ӦǾͷ˵ԣϴ򿪣ݼ֮ͬܺλʦ֮غϡ
ʾÿһݼȥĵطȴһɽغˡ
ɽΪɽõĳǳȥҽݼ棬ÿ߸ε㣬˫ײҲ˭ע⡣
һƬ˭΢ݼ¼϶ֽţѾˣֻǲ֪Ϊʲôҽûзں󾱣Ƿڡ
ѾˣΪʲôҪôôҪԳ3s֣
תת󣺡Ӧڼɵҡ
ѪҺǲɷֻǾҽֵġ
ҿ԰ը/ҩ·Żȥ˳ֻһҹУжʱ䳤ˣױԷ֡
á
˱óһСͷӽ΢ݼ¼װá
תͷӦǾʱ䲻ˣȻȥ
ӦǾ
˼ɵɣȴҪΪãָܣ˽ⲻ
־һءȻӦǾ΢΢ü
ԷӦǾӵ
ܳԷˣһִαϵ롣
á
ӦǾ뿪αϿȥͷĵơ
ţתָװõ΢ݼ¼ҪҪȥһҽ
ץӣӪҺļⱨ棬ҽûиҡ
ʱѾ賿ĵ㣬ֱӷ¥ᳵ·š
ԭΪҽ˯ȴδϸշȥһǰ
ˣְ̨ƣתŷˣôʱ䣬ĸеˣ
ҽӪҺⱨûгϹһӣھӶ棬ʵ·ֻš
ˡûжֻǿŶ΢ݼ¼£
ûг
ýû˯һֱæû뵽ȫͣˡԼҲǣӦǾǸ¼Ҿ֪ҲᱻԼ΢ͼ¼⡣
ͻȻ룬վԱߵĻɽȻһ׼ʱ̳֡
ӪҺ棬ýšݴӳóһļϣվŵ˵
ļƸӪҺеӪɷûκ⣬ǵ˵ȱ΢Ԫأмˡɫһֱ塣
˻һվżȻһ
侲ʣ壿
֪ɫһ˶ڣṹһֱڣֻóذˣ3sʶǵαװ˵ʱѹʲô֧ӪҺƺɫĽṹ٣ձ㣬ϰ֧һ״Сĺɫ
ӪҺȱٳɷ֣Ǳ˺ɫʵЩȹЩӪҺӵԭʲô
ݳЦЦû˸ǣɫʲôΪø֪3212̫ͨ࣬䵽ľ󲿷˶ûκθ֪Ȼܿ챻и֪ˣԼĸ֪ιЩɫΣգһᱻɫɣΪȾߡ
漸Ȼһֱ֪кԸǺɫ
ӪҺȵĲ٣ںɫӦǱ塣ݿΪĸ֪һֱڵ͵ȼǻôһֱڵӪо˺ܾãֻܵΣգ԰Ѹ֪ڼҲ˯Сĸ֪ѹҲʼɸȾĸ֪
ļ˼ջɸȾߣ
ĸ֪һֱѹڵ͵ȼȻڡݶ˶ٵһֱȶ䣬кôһɫпܾʧȥǣΪȾߡյΪȾߺ󣬱㳹ʧȥңɫٿ塣
֮ǰһֱΪʺ߲䣬Ϊɫڲ׹屾ѹơ
ǳ3sȼ֮ͬ
ȾѪҺҲᷢ仯3sܿΪʲôҿʵҲȾԵʣҽԺɱҽܲԾ
ϸ룬żҽԺҽ˭ӦǾҽȼֻͣaںϲױ֡ɫֻܺ˫sϵںϣһЩ˱ȾǳѪ򼴱ǳ3sҲ޷
¡Ƭ̺׳һ⣬Ҳϲҽ֪֪ԭ򣿡
еɢôʱˣΪѹը/ҩ¡
޷Ƕƾ棬һұֳ׸Ⱦͺɫںϣѹը/ҩˡ˵ƽ쳣ҽôֻϣ
ݷϵֽһ𣬵ͷĪЦЦ㲻ǻûɫ׸ȾȾˣʧȥ֣ҲܸǴ춯ֵĻᡣ
һС޿ߵôԶӪҺΪ棬ʲôҲû
ݽӵǽ΢ͼ¼󾱣˼֮ջǽ΢ݼ¼ϡ
ʧأ¼ãȴҲڵɥһѵĻᡣ
Ƕв̲ס͵͵¼װѹը/ҩǵױȾʧأҪ֪ͬͷը/ҩǺ͸Ⱦʲô𣿡
̧ͷֻǽܲˣ嶯֮ʲô¡ѹը/ҩȶûм򣬲ᱬը
ûǴߵҲʮ꣬˼ꡣɽ³嶯ǵĽڡ
ݲ¾ᣬԼѾܳʱˣϣ㲻ϲҲкɫ


252 ʵ
ҲȹӪҺûס˳,漴־òԣǽˣ
˫sһźɫŽ3s
ʲô˼ü,úɫȾˣ
֪Ⱦ޷»ص,ڲ£ȴҪϰѹը/ҩ
ɽ΢һڽǰ,Ŀ⿴ǱߣʾҪ嶯
侲,˼Ȼܳɹпƺɫķ
ݵͷԼΪʵݵ÷׵֣һǶҽ,оó3sƸ֪3s
ĳҽ˵Լûоü
ݿһ,е㲻ڵʱܱ¶ݡֻжʮ,ˮĿǰϵһʦΪףҪоڻײúɫ,һΪ׵,Ҳ,ɽ顣
ɫϣһ𵱳ڳЩԽס
ɫĳϿҲһޣֻǵ̬ͬݶԻ׷治̫˽⣬û뽲ɽһҽ,ǸоúɫϡǵһʮλʵߣɹˡǷһ£ɫ֮Ҳи岻ֻֽͬżԡʵҲֲѹը/ҩֻװϡ
һʱ˲֪𾪼ʵ߻ǶֶΡ
Ƕϵߵò˳ϣеɺ
ֻϵϵ˵Ҳеͷ󣬡ʮ꣬ЩӾųʮּᶨҳϣ滹вҡ
ң֣һ
֪ʲôҡͷЩУ;С壬ЩҲ֪Ψһܼϵĵطֻкڳ
һֱܺһ£Ӧν򵱳ͻȻӣôֺɫ͸Ⱦߵġžݣҽ֪𣿡
ҡͷ֪û
ӦɺԣһڻںӦν򲿳
Ӧν뿪ʱְλָӲ
ԥƬ̺˵Ҷ˵ˣ΢ݼ¼Ȼôܷ⣬ǰѹը/ҩҲ׾١ϣǸ΢ݼ¼㻹ǴϣҲʱ̷ı仯ڶǱߣҲ˵
֪ˡڴָǸСУҽϢˡ
ݿЦһĻ˯š
ԭҲûϵݻֱ׳ϣҸô¡õôϢ˱׼뿪䷿
ȽȫȻתͷǰҽʣҽ𣿡
һЦЦ͵ǰɡ
ݣ裬ǾȻȫû

ڶ죬Ħ˹УһҲû賿˵ϢʵһҲû˯š
뿿ڴͷǸСͷУ۳˼
ơ
ŵ㣬ű죬ɽվſڡ
Զ
ƤŰΣһתš
ôȥˣſյĿʵ
ɽг˾ӣоֹҲ񣬵ҲѣںڳҲƭΪλͳӵܡ
ڿӦһ仰Ħ˹У˶ʲôˡ
壬˳ġɽһȻתһһ߿˵š
ڻӣӦɺſӷ쭡
ɫɽü
ӦɺӣԼڿû֡
˴ӷڳήҲ˼ɳһţޱ㡣
ˣҳȥһˡ
ȥʲôĸˢˢתͷ
ȥӦǾæѡˡóСͷУҽҲ֪ˣȥһҪȥģ¥ѵ

֣֪
˵ҪӦǾæʵϰߣһȥˡ
ĸʽҴææˣɫѤù£ʱʱд˻ǣС·
ʵڵ3212ǵһνǼĳûʲô̫޷˶˵㣬·¥ߡ
վģˣЩ
ô⣿һӰз£ͣǰ¡
Ф
´лŲزסľ裬Ȼͣ¡
Ħ˹Ǽأ
񣬿ķҿ
ФܾһǴӦˡ
һͽФΪԼ⡣
һԶģʽΪֶģʽʼ쭷
ԲۣФͻƯһԽԽĴ¥ײˣ
зǽ㺰ʲô

ФһȦصϰ
лˣˡֻһӰ
Фվԭذ죬ܾﲻԡ

Ҫؼҵģôֻˣ


253 
ļ,һиĽ׶Σʱһкܳһʱ䣬ҶϢ,ڿֱط,зԼУơ
ФķһȦͷӦǾһϢ˵΢ݼ¼ϵѹը/ҩ
ӦǾյϢʱ,ͷ׼Ϣãʲôʱ򡭡
һ仰δ귢ȥ㴫û
˲,ӦǾ֪˭ǰ򿪴Ȼ档
ܲܽȥ˫ץڴأʵ
ʵĺ֣ⲻһη,֮ǰֱӽ,û
ӦǾ۽¶˶,֣
ӦǾɾ޳ָ˰Σס֣ŶԷ,,,ܿɿ֡
ӦǾڿԣָСָ΢΢𣬵ڹ
ͷȡ
ϵϵ˹վڷڰţڶǽ,Ҳ֪ʲô
һߣڣͼ˶ȻվӦǾź
ԴӦǾγ£ʱ̶עӦǾڵĶԷƵٴη˵ӦǾڶһʱ˹
ȵȡӦǾϢڵһӣ£תſڡ
һСţͼվ棺û¡
վߣܿһ㣬һ˫š
ſķ϶ˣ˫ЬʶǴĦ˹ѥ
Ժм˲ʾһ֡
ڿ˵һ䣬ż뿪
¹ϣվڿŵ˾ͽʣ˭
Ǹλÿתͷ򼧳ꡣ

˾ͽһǾͲʲôͽΪʲôҪš
˵ڴĦ˹Уϲ/ǽͻȻǹ񱡣
ǰû˽Ħ˹УѵͱУԹɽ֪ʲôȥĦ˹У̳з˷ϢǴ̳￴ġ

賿ȥ˾ҽѹը/ҩȷʵǱ߷ŵġ
Ϊ˿㣿ӦǾʡ
ࡣ̧ͷȷе˵ǿƱɫȾˡ
ӦǾüȷ
ӪҺļˣкɫı壬˻˵ȾӪҺжֽšͷԼ󣬵ѾˣۼΪ˷ֹ⣬΢ݼ¼ϼѹը/ҩ
ӦǾվ棬δ֪㡣
ֳϣѪҺеĺұȾˣֻûʱɫɡ
ڻҹǣҵĸ֪ԳȥɫӦǾ۾ԡ
һֻ֣νԡ
ӦǾûֱ֣ǴߵҽóһСѹסһʳָһ滮
δ˵꣬һֻסӦǾ֣һָϵѪ˲С
ӦǾüĽЦƤ˶ѣҩͺˡ
Ĭãۡ
ۿű˵ָˣ㲻ʲô
ӦǾûԣס֣ҩ
ü۹УָӰҩܻӦǾͿҩĶȻ
ӦǾûнĻֻǴϸָ˿ܱҩøɾ
ӦǾø֪ƬϵѪɢѪҺеͻȻҲ֮ʧˡ
ô֪ʵ
ӦǾѪҺѾ׻һ𡣡
໥棬ø֪൱ڹ
ԣȡѪһγ֡
ӦǾ˵á
һΣֽһӦǾĸ֪Ĵ͸ڡ
ԭ㼫ųӦǾĸ֪ԣ֪͸ʼѾѹһɲͷĳ嶯
㿪ʼ
ӦǾø֪ͼȻ䲻ɫͫײڼɢĳ嶯
ӦǾע⵽ˣͣø֪
˿Ѿñİ
㡭
ֱһѽӦǾߵǽǰһֻֻţһֻֽѹһá
ӦǾײǽһ̣վſʣǾ
û¡ӦǾ˱ۣ˻ֱӽ
ӦǾ˵ջ»ص¡ȻӦòʲô顣
ղŶ룬һᷢӦǾ˴˿潻վڣ̬Ϊ
ӦǾֹͣø֪ʱδ׻ָѣ֪ջ󣬽˹ߵǽǰ޵زš
ʶϵɸ֪
½֯ѹµĿһֻֽѹӦǾļ磬ͬʱͷƤϣһСƤ𽥷졣
ӦǾͷ컨ϵĵƣᶯ˶Ѹ֪˻ѡ
û˳3sĸ֪۾𽥻ָҲѹ
ȻɿӦǾ֣˺һЩǱǸ
ӦǾ󱳷ۣղɵȣǽϡ
ҵĸ֪ûа취㡣ӦǾڴȲ෽գĸ֪ܼĹòѡ
̧Լ󾱣ЦЦû£ҪҲû⡣
˰վڶ棬ٳ
ŰСʱ˸óʣֻѹը/ҩ¼
Ǹ΢ݼ¼ϣʣֻǰѿѹը/ҩĿƿظĵвУ
㶣ʶȥӦǾ
ӦǾûпڣֻǰŵذ塣
Ҫܿѹը/ҩ
˻ͷ֮ǰоǸ΢ݼ¼ʱϲٻ̫á
鷳ˡ
˽ѹ/ĿϵͳȡȻӹȡһС״СĶװѹը/ҩֻҪһ΢ݼ¼ϵѹը/ҩ
ӹа濴˿еС׵
һߵͷ죬һӹԵϵͳƣΪбֵĿԣưťȫ
վ˴Ĺ俴˿Ĺһá
һ㲻õĻײϣüͷǯŤţֱϻһЩ
ż̧ͷĶѧеָһӡ
ЦЦԺˣһѧա
˰΢ݼ¼ĺʱϵĶҲˡ
ԭֻһСӴСİťװãһ״Ķ
ûײŤɵϸӣм䷭ǱܼťװãǺֹܷ󴥡
ˡ˽΢ݼ¼£ʰߣ뿪
뿪󣬷ٴ밲С
ƳĬЦȾ߻̫Σգָ߼ģȷʵҪһ
ӦǾĻ
ץϵģַ̇ӦǾǰ㣬ϣ


254 ҸҪ㡭
úܾ,ϸɫı߽ǲŤģǵɫ¾һЩڷ˾,ľǰѸڵĶ
ӦǾ̧ۿ,ٳûֽӹ
ҲŶȻӣδջ֣ұܡ
нǡӦǾ
Ȼǰһ,ܽ
ӦǾָ΢ջûˣȴЦǺ,ҸҪ㡭ĸ֪
3sĸ֪ջԶԶ3sҪ󣬷ܵӦǾĸ֪š
ٴǰ˼֮ǰľ룬ֿ̧˫,׼԰ӦǾ
ӦǾ̧Ҫƿ,ס,ѹɿ
һὫ΢ݼ¼ں󾱣Ժ󳹵׳ΪȾߣɱ㡣˫Ѿ,Ῡһ,,԰ť
ӦǾȥ۽޲˲յʣûг׸Ⱦұɱأ
ˣһ,ְѡ׹ۣ˼ɫʽϣͦÿ
ӦǾڵĻش𣬰
΢΢üΪ۹֮ǵָӣӦòô¡Ȼȥˣѵټ
ߵǰ׼뿪ȻŤͷӦǾ±ͽ˵͵֮ܣвУ
ɣϻЦ·ֻ˵һС¡
ӦǾúβŵҲᰴ𱻳׸Ⱦ
Ŭȡ˵꣬Ӵȥˡ
һƬУӦǾþվԭδڿƮƮĴ⣬̧š׹·𻹴ָϲ¶ȡ

뿪ӦǾķ䣬ԭЦʧˣûֱӻȥ˸ѵϢһ澵ǰ¶Լĺ󾱡
ǰѾСϴ͵ҩ
С󾱱Ƥûҩȷʵۣɫһ㣬ȻʮȣԼ΢ݼ¼ں󾱴ҩ
Ѻ󾱴һЩѪɾվھǰ˿ڻָĲ࣬תȥ
ô⣿һϵѵʪ͸ˣ仹һӣȻոѵ
·
þûУѵˡòϵë˲
Թ⣬ѧ㣬Ұ㿴ףʱҾ׻е⡣
˵ãתѵˡ
a׶ԣ̫ˣ˰Сʱﶡܻ׼һ顣
СлʦĻ״򲻻ʲô⣬ĵ˵ˣǸˡ
ѧ㣬ȻȥˣϻҪȥѵк뿪
صʱĸ˻ڿȵĽ⣬ණġ
ۿҪطųǸ𣿡
վԼſڣŰ֣ŤͷˣװȥˣԺֻ¼ݡ
ͻɽãӦɺӱֵԣֱһ
ʵЦЦеˣһȥԷȥѵ
㡣ɽ

չ󣬱Ҫȡһ΢˵㣬У췽ڵɱˡ
ɸˡһȥΣԽԹ
ȷʵúúò飬컯նԾУ֣ϴǵѾǽѵüֱѶҾò鲻ٶ۹УǸָʦʮˣƵΪ֤˭ܲµ⡣
ĵǸƵȻûϤһ۾ϳ˭
̾һѾ͸ֵزΪʲôȨ
Ƕʮȥˣ˵꾪׵⣬ҲûǱߴ󲿶֮ʲô󶯾ֻż޲ɱˣ١
굹ǶѾüˡ
ҲˣһӦǾλμӣ֪ȷֻ᲻ᱻ
ܺúõİѱ꣬ҾллˡֻĦ˹УѧܹȶȹδĶţ˯óԲá
Ҫĥ߳ҪӾˣǰȥ
ʮǱֹûյϢ
ʮǱûеأҲһְ֡ţԲȥԱ
˵ͷҲû˵
췽ԱУģ·ƽͨԺϰѶУӦִӻҹǻˣֻдĦ˹Уû췽ˡ

ڹ㳡θıشФ
ǵĴͬһԼĲƴ֣УһزһҴӽ˿ߡ
Фǰģ͸УӳԱ
ȴӵ۹УʼΪڵذ͸ӦǾӦǾྣˡ
ФȫûиеΪ飬ֺǺǸÿ񣬶Ҫ佱һФֻ˵˵ĻԸȫͬ
ͬѧҼǵϲǼĸ㡣Ф̧һӸõģȺš
Ĺܼң
ԭүԵģǸҲ֪ϴ˭˵ԼôʱգԼЧˡ
ͷ˿űߵһӺһ˸ߵĺӣ̧ۿФ
Ҷӣͬѧൣ˴ФڱѶУǸ򣬡ʲôԺʲô¶Ұæ
Ҫֺˣ
վԱФ
뿪Ӧɺӵͷӣ̾a޵ӡ
ƣһڵ۶ǼһءүͲˣӴ淭ңóܳԵĶ˺˳ԡ
һӵĵóˡ
ʱФѾ̨׼һ
˵һѰװǵķ飬þУԺ󲻱ʱҲԶ棬ӲһĳǩᣬԼsoloݽ
Ա췽Ѿ˺ü˿ᣬذװǵĵʮ߸ز
ǹܼǰФıλֹͣʼȡһ
ͣ
ĻФͣһǵֳǰ
ǡ
Феһٸղźк
ǲ󣬵ЩʮÿýĳʲȾ͡
ΪĦ˹УѶУġ
һѶУǱ̽ҲеѧƵƵĦ˹УǱߡ
ЩѶУûרѹĦ˹Уˡ
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ѶУ߻ָӱԼ˴ε,Ħ˹УѾյˢˢ˺󣬺ǰѶУ롣
Фȫûע⵽Ǿ,ΪǴѶУߡﻹԼĻ,תҪߣϰͨһ˶վԭһ
վʲôФˣϰͨͣʹ,Ƕˣ
ȥָӸѧ֣ѶУıϰͨȻĬ
ϰͨѾȥФ,ŽˣԴǾ仰󣬴Ħ˹У˱㾯֪ФղŵĻʲô⣬ͽô衣
ͶӰ̫,ФΪֹһġ
Фͱ˷ŵĸѧü,ѶУǼٵ,ûҪθѧ֣ٶ̫ˡ
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ҲǾǼٵģΪͶӰûá
ȻȶԣɽŶ˵
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260 
ѧһϸѶУָ,ָָˮƽʱƣ,ǽͷݵˮƽ
Ϊһָ,ǰ漸ѾʼôҺʹĦ˹УӲˣѵʱеţһֻں
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ӦǾ


261 
Ħ˹У۹УټһѶУ,УΧ˹ƽͨԺ˲֪ڵʲôԾع۲Χ
ʵѶУʹĦ˹УҲûõȥ,ҲֲƽͨԺ͵۹УǼ١
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ӦǾãҲΪ⡣
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ФңͷֲѶǼ١
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ӦǾڻԵĸѧϣôˣ
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ӦǾ㵽һ볡ǰԼڹϯܵǹϸ΢
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ͬӦǾҲ۹У֡
ȸӣǼ꣬ŵ۹УԱУӳԱȫ֡
ƽͨԺѶУԼľԱ
ֳԴͷһء
Ҳ֡ϰͨ۲ε
ˣФǳ֣ѶУȥλˡ
ʲôˡȰ³ּʮֲ
ѶУ˳ûй㲥֣ҲûоԱ֣ͻɽһ
ǡ·ʱԥУֱ֣ǽλãһĳˡ
֡Խյ
Уȫ֣ĸ߿еĹԱȻȻֻܼʻͷ׼ȥڡ
ܣѶУǼܴͷû
ڴͷĹУͷ˺ܾ÷ͼϵɽãһ˵ǵļͨѶڽУͨѶΣϵɽС
ٿͻȻļ£ƵƵŹԣֻǲ֪ϵɽûȻҲûгɹ
ȷˡ
ͷִԱǵʱ򣬸𾪵˵ȫǰ׷ʲô
ϵ硣һ䣬ȽһܴͷС
У׷׸ϣֻʣѶУ¶ûеطȥ
ȥĦ˹УǼܷϰͨһŤͷФأ
ޱָӴĦ˹УĴͷȥˡ
ڡ
߽ͨѶУͨϵֱֳ췽
ԱߵĹԱһƬãȻУʲô
һͨѶˣ췽ˣʲô£
Ȼϵˣ΢΢ۣʶԷֱֳǲǳʲô⣬ֳ췽˲û⣬ôͻȻȫˡ
ͨѶе˵ǻش𶼿κ⡣
û⣬ȻǳˣԳ췽Ա
ФվԱ߿˵ֹºˣֱӰѹھ͸У
ۿͨѶĻͻȻЦһ
ͨѶˣŤͷӦɺӽ˼׹ߣֳ̨ˡ
𿪵Ļڣü߶Ƕϵġ
ˣ
һѳףѹ̨ϣ߶Ƕϵģûźţղôϵϵ磿
աղŵǼٵģФһ𾪡
ȥڿһ䣬£ߣ㳯۹УǼܷȥ
ǱߣӦǾƺոչҶͨѶ죺ͨѶáԤͨѶûòŶԡ
סӦǾֱۣԼȥ̨ͨѶ
ȻͬǶϵģڻǰһߣͷӦǾûźţɾ衣
ӦǾһ
塣
ȥƽͨԺǱ߿ɿߣƽӦǾһȥȥʹĦ˹УϣԷ漴תƷɢ
Ǽ꣬˿Ҳû˼ȥǲԼǴŵ۹УȥĦ˹УǼܷϡ
ӦǾȥƽͨԺͨѶĻͬǶߡ
ߣղԱ˵ǿԳȥ·ʱ׼ͻȻһ˳Ա˵ܳȥĵطǳ֮ˣ
Ƕûȥ
УȫһܴͷϣɹԱ·ȥ
ܷɡһΣǰС
ܲϵɽкɽУ˸ᣬߵʡ
Խ£ԽųԷȻѪҺеĺɫйء
㶵ϵϣҲϵϡ
ҲȣӼ֮ǰϣѾϵˡ
ǲǽǵķǰФȻָǰڸ߿еһܴͷ
һݣͣԱ֪Ҫʲô
תҴ˹ȥ
ϰͨӰԼ˾ͽμ˳ֱƲŽȥ
ǡϰͨŷڵˣɫѿȫ˻С
ʼʱ޷ѵ˱״վԭأãûκηӦǿ˳Ļƣɫ˳һȥǿ˳
ǽӵˡѶУֵˡʱ䷢չӦûصֱֳЩվԭأһˣ¼ȳȥ
ֻҪ⻷ûйرգǱѲ

¼ƵһĬ
ҵҲǼٵģ᲻Ҳһ·ʱ׳ƳĬɫѿ
³ļУڳô⣬ֱֳǱ߾Ȼûз֣
浽סʲô
ֻܰռȶ·ߡ·ǻͬƯķ֮ǰӴĦ˹Уͻɽ˳ȥСͷûͣ
ϵɽкɽСӦǾվһ飬ǽ߲УǱ߷ʲô
3sٱҪһ㣬ͬУֻҪûзֶߣ˳⻷չȥ
ȷУ˻ڱѾʧˡ
ǹر⻷ǱѹӦǾ
ϸϣҪڡ
ԱͻȻԣôʱõִڵģ


262 
ʻһ㶼дŵʱ,ᳬ̫õķΧѾˣǻȦ,һֱ߲ȥ
ʻյĹԱ߹ɫѿһ·ûظ·ǻ߲ȥ
ͱҪС,Ƿôʱ,û,һڵļ
Ҳģ,ȫġ̾һ,ȫԱǽˣûС˳ֻϣµڲ滹úõ,
ǻܲܳȥҪлˡФŷ,Ťͷ,ʲô취û
벻
ФĬһ,ĳ,,Ҹ߿ˡ

ȡԶУֶʻӦǾ΢΢һ,,ҿø֪,һߡ
ֻҪһߣ㲻ԭĳ,Ҳߵ߽硣
Фһ֮ǰ쭷龰,ʶ϶,ر쭷
ô֪ӦɺӲ,ϲֶ쭷£Ҳĸ֪ʲôʱ򻹶һФ
ФҪſڣͻȻǰߣǡôĻֶʻӦǾø֪
áӦǾӦ
˾̫죬ʻյĹԱûתΪʲôֶʻ
һʱעӦǾ̰Ф֮ԺӦɺҲ˲ԼղʵĻ
ԱӦǾȥʻգʱرԶʻ
ֶʻͷѣ֮ǰ޷ʱоС𣬰ʻյĽṹڼʻϻʮӣ׼ʻĻ
ӦǾվָۣ΢ţ֪ɢһһ㸲
Ƭ̧̣ˡ
ǰָ򣿡
һὫԼ֪õĻ㡣ӣֻﲻӦǾͼø֪ԺУֻ⵽˵ֿ
ûѧԺø֪ʱӦǾĸ֪ȫ룬Ѳ֪Ƹ֪ʶ֪ϡ
΢ȵȡ
ֻΪ3sȻųӦǾĸ֪֪֣޷Կء
׼ҪùԱ滻ԼʱӦǾִ̧ϣ
ż޳ɾָԸоĸ֪ǿȴ˲ֹһȻų𽥱ѹƣԭֵĸ֪ϱӦǾĸ֪ϣԺֳһɫƽͼ
ƽͼϸֻһģĴµΣ㹻ˡ
㿴ıͼＸûޡӦǾָϣĲ
ʼʻǰһӦǾܷܲУټ
ӦǾ΢΢ҡͷûзġУʧһ㡣
˴ڼʻڣûٶԣһڼʻϣһվڱִǰߵļϣϡ
ǰһСʱȻ̧ȥӦǾ֡
õ̫˲伸ֱϣӦǾµ̷֣졣
쿴֣ӦǾüǰһֳڶ䣬ͷŲٿ̣
зĺɫ˻ȥ۾ʼָѹѹϢԶܿӦǾ񣺡ˣһ
˼ӦǾס󣬲ʲô
֣ſЩ䣬˱۵Ǹ
ʻձ㲻󣬹ԱѾȥˣУӶţֻ档
֮ǰֻûĸ֪ϣܹ˳ӦǾĸ֪Լһĳ3s
3sȻųͬĸ֪ѪҺл˺ɫӦǾͷŸ֪ʱ̫ãѪҺпַ֪꣬޷ĥģ˲
ְ̧˰ǣɢĺɫʧӦǾ֣ͣҲܽӴĸ֪̫á
˶ֵ߽ӦòԶˣøʻĹԱ
šӦǾ۾뿪Ӧ
աһʻյűϣӦǾڸղŵļʻָ΢顣

ôҵˣһվʵҲȫ˹
ˣ˽ȥ֮ǰӼʻճĹԱ鷳ȥһˡ
벻ͨΪʲôͻȻˣⲻǹؼǶŷܷɵڴûĻ
һǰʮңڵִ߽硣
˴ӷ
߽磿Ĵ˿ڵĻ߽֡
ֱӽȥףֵǰʹȫȥ
ֱ߽Ϊеޣ쳣һȥҲ޷򿪡
УȫڣһĬŶӣ׼ղ֮֡
ַڸܵĳֶ飬һ΢ƿڴ
ȥ߽߳⣬תڣһȻȥ
ǳˣФȻҲһоģ
󷽡ͷŹԣȻûźš
·ʱĴΧȷȫ磿
뿪⻷ģȻ棬ûгʧУģ⻷Χ̶䣬ֻҪ˷Χ⻷
԰ڡ
ôߣӦǾĿںȻҪʵǿͳ
ӦǾ·ڶδڣֱڽʻŻڣȫװ·ֱܿˣԷ֡
ӦǾ˵ʱⲻȥŹȥһСʱ¿ƲסԼڷڵҪĸ֪
ûпӦǾȴɨ˹ȥͣһƿ
ɽվԱߣ˫ֱۣע⵽֮Ķߡ
ΧûźţȻ˶ֽţֹźйȥֱֳѾ¡ӦǾȻڷͬʱҪһߣҵźŵĵطϵ硣
󶨰ѶУƽͨԺߣȥźԴʲôʽҪϵפԼУʹĦ˹УװȻƻֱֳ
Уʹ˱·뿪ΪܷϻͨԱԾԱԭš
ҹУĦ˹У͵У֧ˮȻ밵ɫ
Ǵڷƶһ·ϲδʲô˻
ֻΧʲôҲû˹ԽǰߣԽһɲз·żɴɵѪζ
ӦǾĸ֪ڷŴҪø֪ȥѰҸԶֱֳǰ⣬Щ׼
Ȼĸ֪̫ţزܵͷǰߣԽԽ죬ҪܰӦǾĸ֪ʧء
ӽʱԱ߽˼ֻ֣һס֣עһ㣬ǰƺޡ
ʵϣ˿ܼʱסˡ
ԴԴ޳·ȫˡ


263 
޶ܳˣųڴȺ,ü
һзֹ֣ܹ޳ڵķֻڱڼرգʱһ㶼,Էӡ,ڵѾ,֪˻ˡ
ȻѪζ
泯һۣɫЩ,ֱֳ̫ͨˣ£ֻѪɺӵĳ档
УûȫЩޣɽͻ˸,ֱӴӳȺ,ڳڣ޼ѡܿƹ,ֱֳǱߡ
Ȼˣһ·нȴ𽥳ס
Щ޵ķֱֳ·ϵĺۼ,Ѿвٵ˹ȥ
ǰӦǾһ,֪ʲô,ջĿ⣬ͷ·
УƵֱֳڲĳĿѡ
ϯ֫壬Ѿ̵ѪҺƬƬ,̨һƬǽ壬ȫ㵹ڵأд޵ʬ塣
ȫﶼЩʲôµ顣
ӦĻʵǻû԰ɡ૵ԸԼ⻷УЩԼļ龰
ӦǾֱֳĲҾ磬ƫͷ侲Ｔ⻷ҲЧ
˹ģ⻷ƽнѾǼޣǴƱ߽Ȼ˼ڼһжʵġ
ֱֳǼٵ硣
ӹϯϵѪ֪ٹ·ʦĵطдƬѪ
ֱֳûô3sֻǺ޷ʱô
ĿӦǾϣȥˣȥҡء
ôֱʣҪһ򾡣ءȻš
ͨˣܽǸȾߣ3sȥҲȥա
ӦǾûлؾ飬ڵ
ֻ˹ȥȴԣʽ棬ҪСӡ
ʵѡȥ˿׸˵֮ҵֳˡ
ˡӦǾ

ڡءڴӦǾ֪ģͨѶУϢȡ
һ·ȻܼѪذ壬Ŵ컨϶С
֮ľ벻Զʼոһ㡣
ǰȹͷǿҡӦǾп߽ķ֣ǿ˳ء
תӦǾվұ󡣡
ӦǾۿֱۣ˳ӻһվ
˻δ߽ͷĿңѾ޴ֱӷ˳һһµӰ
ںڰϸ˿ŷ־ȻɽС
ɽҲܿ췢ԼӦǾԥһ£ûϣѡֱӳҡ
ڳˣ첽Ҫȥң˲ͣ£ŤͷӦǾȳʵ֡
ӦǾסԼŸȥҡ
ڣ߸Ⱦ棬۾ȫǺڻɫɽһһңϵ˰̺Ѫ
ɽмһ
֪Ǽ١ɽо˵ȾõʲôͶӰ
ͶӰ⻰Ȼˡ
ʲô漴ĸȾ֣߳Է˵Ӧ3sĵ
˦˦֣δ̫ǿ˵㡣
ģɽпԸȾ֣߳Щԥ
ϻˣסǡֵط׶ò
ɽкɽиƴסˣȫס
ԸӦǾᣬȹ
ĳڷ֡
ڴֽ£ɽͻ뿪ڣתԸѾޡ
Щ˿/ҩˣԸȾߣ𽥱óϿǵʵеǿˡ
ɽǿǿǸȾߣʵȻõӡ
ЩȾ֪ǵͼһֱΧšءÿʼյǰ档
һʱ뽩֡
ӦǾָſ֪ʵסԼԱߵɽá
𣡡ɽлδѣЩȾ߱Ѿˡ
۰״ȫڻɫǣɫĳ£һʳӦǾʵ֡
״ԣ˺ץסӦǾ֣ջ
ӦǾҡͷûջظ֪
3sͺɫѹƣЩɫĸ֪Ҳɫ
ӦǾеĸ֪ԽͷǿңЩȾ߹Ȼø̰ʱٿԼĸ֪Щɫ
ֻҪĴ̫ˣӦǾɫʼò԰ס
ȥ뿪֣ϸȾߣһбһкݡ
ȾûϵɽɱҪ󣬽˱ǽϡ
ûκأգۼ䣬ĸȾ߱
ɽкɽжһۣ𾪣ͬǳ3sλδ̫˵㡣
ӦǾ˵һ飬Ѹ֪ջȥͷһһ
ʣµĸȾߣȴٺ˻ҵǽ飬˳ȥ
Ҫȥ׷ǰӦǾסء
ŶԷ԰׵ɫձ˱۾侲ȥѿعˡ
ӦǾɿ֣ʣµġءص
Ļʧˣ˲ϵѪʵ
ġءɽеֱֳѾ⻷УʦǡǶʵ
Ϊʲô⣿ӦǾɽá
£ɽƺʲôɫԽѿǸ볡ûãֱֳ⣬ȫˡ
ϵǣ˵ֳ⣿ӦǾʵ
ɽɫȻʱѯʣô֪ϵ£


264 
ֻûɽе,ˣֱֳ˶ģ
ڵ·ڡɽеǰֱֳȫ⻷Уֳ,ȴǴ޳ӿ,·ʱ,ͨѾ˲أ췽Ҳвˡ
ʱ䵹˻رһ졣
Уȫ,ӦǾ»صֱֳĹڶ˷ܵŽУı֣׷ڲ²һõһλľУ
оУȥ֮󣬳ڵķֱ¿ˣڴſڸУı֡
ȻôͻȻˡ
ڵķֱ˹,޲ϴһڻû,Ⱥ˳ͨڳ֪޾ڿŹĻֱͷ
ֻǵӣֱֳô췽,иУĻӣȫ·֮Ӧ
Ӵľֱֳ֣⻷У˶,,ֱֻھУľͷ,ȫ޵ĵ
޺谭˱߽磬ֱֳĳڣҧ˳ڵļԱ,˳·ֱֳһʢУ˺ҧʡ
ƫƫϯ̨ϵˣ˭Ҳûв쳣鹹ֱС
⻷˻˼̸ЦΪʧֻʱ뿪ȥطȴ֪Щʧ˵λѱ˻ޡ
̨ϰãȻɨΧΣĪȻ֣죬ϯУȴͻȻͷƤ顣
ֹ޽ֱֳڳ˫sϵˣʼĪ
ȷӦӦݣɫҪֳлӽ䱸ϯĹǫ̈̄м伯ϡ
Ӽޣ޴ڳȴܼǡĺЩһǰֻüһһʧʵйϯȴѾѪɺӣ֫塣
Ӧ΢΢ͷѹס侲ߵ̨Ͳ׼ս⻷ֳи߽ޡ
ĸ֪Ѿи߽ɢ񹥻
ԱԱȫվɼ˲뵽ȾߵϣѸ·ͨѶϵڵУҪɽôǻû̫Զܳ
һѾԼĻȥϯҪڴ
ֻ˶ޣֻʧΪê㣬ǸΧš֣Ϊ֡
ȥңִ򿪣һ˰ѳڵķֹرˡӦݵϣ**Уʦȥҡ
Ȼ˶ĻУҲĿң**УʦΪ˿ңѳڵķִˣȴȴԽԽࡣ
ֱֳеĵɢ⣬ȫͨڣ£Χۼ·̨Χ
ô򵥵飬ȴΪޣ˼صĴۣ˲ҡ
Ӧͼϵ磬ϵϣʱƣû˹ŷӦź类жˣͨѶϼǼٵġ
ڳʦҲȥ·նֵطǽ޵ģȥ֮Ȼڡʧ
ʱǲųף⻷жǼٵġ
Ӧݡ·ڳָʦȫҲƾַƾֻҵ˳ء
ûС˳ءֻֿܱͨΧ棬ΧվŻӣһҲͣضš
ޱ壬֪ǵĹЧ࣬˷ѵ˼£ˡ
⣬ڻ᲻Ҳ⣿šһԱߵĽ
Ȼ⣬Ȼб¶ģ⻷ֽšϻɢȥҪһ򾡣θͻȻôˣ
Ķɣ
췽ˮƽߵĵڵԱƽʱֱֳĻҪάֳϯļɣսֻ˵һ㡣ڵˮƽߵĵ˶ҪΪѣΧȫǿӦݺĶ飬ԼУָʦӲ֧š
ôȥ˭ҲԲ

У볡վǰ棬ɽá΢һ롣
˿ֻһַģʽֻ֪Ϊһ̸ˣ˽ٲŻˡ
У볡ǰһģУʱûõλˣ볡ڵһΪȫ֣ҪзʱԽȥʱһ춼ˡ
Ǹ˲һСʱɽбյɴͨѶϢ
ٻأ
̶ĸ֣ûκνͣɽȻϢɽкſ
һж༱ȣɽ˻ȨǸ磬һԻҲɽУϢȴɽС
ˣŲֶᷢߣϾɽкɽУͬһ塣
ɵͨѶ¼ΪǳƵԭɽеλǰ棬ֻеͨѶ¼ʱ䶼ûУŻȷɽС
ɽٷϢɣȴûźš
ͨѶźűжˣ˵Ҳûźš
˶ӣɽŸڵļºϢȻȥźȫˡ
᲻ģɽл벻ΪʲôɻᷢһϢ
ֻ鹹ޡŵ
ǲֳʲô⣿ɽи˵㷴ӦԣϢͨѶģ⣬ҲӦ췽֪ͨ߿շϵĹԱ֪ͨڵľУ顣
ɽгĬΣǰס˸Ҫȥ
һ£˵ʲô
ȫҪȥɽг󷽵Уӿһ۵
е㱻ЦˣܱܲŸ۶ӣǻڱ㲻ҪǻҪ
硣ɽкһɽУôͻȻ˭ҲӦܲܵȫ¡
ɽ̧ʾҪԸյʦϢڴٻء
һʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ڷźôϢü˽ЯͨѶȫܷ
ɽеȻ֪ڲ²ˣȾߴһĿŵӦǾָ֣淢ʲô⻷û̫Զпܵͷҵڳȥͳȥˡ
ȳȥȥ֮ٽ͡ɽж˶٣ǿӲֻҪڳ֣ǾӮˡ
˲вң㻹ǲУˣҪҪҫǳ֣ӮˣֻҪûȫ֣УͲᷣʱ
ģӣӱ˵ȼɽкɽоͱˡ
ǵȻҪУҫɽЩյĿΪܳˡ
ָӣȳȥû£ҲûϵһΡڣٺıһõ֡

˫ִУɽֱˡ
ŭ˼£Ȼܿɢˡ
Ϊûй㲥֡
̧ͷϿգʼûзӦ
ɽ漴֣ûй㲥֡

ԱûпǵĵϨˣɽпŸָӣһǳˡ
ְΣͬͷȥڼ仹ͼ֣÷ˣȻʼû㲥ûгֹ
У볡ûжãΪѾ⻷Уڲ˳
֮ǰҲڣһǷתƣͳû˻ȥѵ
֪
ƴȫɢԼĸ֪ҵ߽λá
ڽ߽һڵλá
ҵڣһǣıûз֡
չ涨оУ볡ڵķӦҪ򿪲Ŷԣڹرյ״̬һ⣬ûѲȥĦֳǱ߷ʲô췽û˹
ٿͨѶźţȻǶϵģѾˣϵκˡ
һȥ²淢ʲôܹźŶжϡ
ҺһڣԷ޳󣬸ȥʦǣʲô
ɽ˵һллѸٴ˸ֱֳ
ɽһУֱֳִʱ˶סˣǼӣ޳ʱ򣬾ǾУԼ֡ȴûгһջôͨڳµĳǿ̫ʬ壬ϯֻдѪ
ʦڸʲôſ̨Ǳߣʵ


265 
̨ΧվڻӺ͸Уʦ,ĳ治ͬ湥ϱ˺,ȴֻܺҳС
̶̼,ѾлϮ˻ײգֻҪ΢ܶ㿪
ǿޡɽɫ硣
Ϊ,Գֻƾо,Χ޾˿ǵжˡ
ɽдӳȥ,޺Ӳɱȥ
Χס޳˺һ,У𽥿ڲֳӵˣɢΧ,ֳǰ档
ȷӦΧ޵Ĺڼ
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ԭȲһҶ󣬶м˾ϣһ¾ɢˣǼȫˣ˻Ц
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ϵˡӦɺͷ13ˣһ
ϵĴʯҲѸٰɾˣû취·նУֻ˲ܴ򿪡
ʱҪɽûţŲſϴš
ǵõȷİţҲ˺ܳһʱſţҴڽ䱸״̬һֱУˣһȫڳˣ
УӽȥˣУܼǣںʦȫǵĴڣֻվǣãȻΧ±޹


269 
ǿǣФվϰͨǰ̽Ի˻,ԷȻûз쳣
ֱֳ翪ûҵɽ˵꣬ŤͷˣҪôǴ·ն
ֱֳĹںʦȫֲΧĻ,ﲻб߽֣Ҳ׼ĵرꡣ
ҪȻŵ·նˣǿȥ
ɽʾ죬תͷΪʲôǻûй˵ȵӦǻӡ
ûȥѶУƽͨԺ̫ʱûϢ,ӦǾϵǱߣֱӵͷˡ
Ǳߵ˻жȫ,һֱزģ⻷ֻȰ޳
һʱ䣬ܻԮնڿȥ滹13˻
Ҫʦ͹ȫȥ̫ķʱˣһΪõԮһ,ǳȥ
׼ڵ·նϢʱȥնɱ,ʵûôг
·ʱ׵ڼǰܸܲһͣ
һãȻ,֪ʲô,ֻѶƽͨԺ֪ʱ˵Ļ
ȻĬ,·ʱֱӴЩ˵۾ͻȻ,ʵ,Ⱦ񲿶ӣΪ֪ͬȼָ֪Ӹ֪ˣǲҪʲô
Խ˵棬·ʱԽأûô򵥰ɣӺʲôϵⷢ飬֪٣
ķʣΧ˶סˣʶ򼪶¡
µʱ˵Ǿ仰ͺˣܲŶȾָӵĸ֪ƫƫЩȾ±˷ֲˣ۾ȫˡ
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վԱߵԽɨڳӳԱųǹתתָԼҲ˵ƽʱɵؼʱҲ޷ʲô
ôģԽ˺Ȼʵ
û뵽Խ˻ῪԾ򶨵ǸսûãԾתڡ

ڸУ˼ʱϷĶȻ
13ˡľУ֪ͨɨޡ
Ȼ13ĲӸϵˡ
ȥˡ
Ħ˹Уȫ棬Ҫȥ֧Ԯ13ˡ
ϣ13ͻ׵ɱմ͵߿Ƶ·նķߡ
ȷֳʦ͹ڻţҲû˹˼
Ħ˹УŵУҲˡӦǾһۣŴĦ˹Уһƣÿһ߸УУӱֱӴӷ߰ȥ
˫л߿ѹƣһһ١
ôޣϧڡնһͷޣ̧Լֱ۵ȻܶһԴ
ɽֱۣһͷϣޣܼͲˡ
ֳô£Уϣͨڳ£ǱһҪ顣
13ľ˺;УȣԵЭͬսˮƽ13·һĵʽԶԸޣܵĿΪ̵档
ԽӽԽ
13˹ȻտŶ棬ҡͷ̳̾˵һ

³һ֣˧
Ǳ߿һۣȷʵ˧һǰͦΡ͵ơ
Ͼǵתľȫȣж13˽ˡ
ǻδȫʱ߿˾ӣ˵ˡ
ʱģΨһĹͬлֱ϶дԾ֣ɫУԵĴɫ
ЩЩУľͷĵǣʵ
Ħ˹Уλɳǣɫǻƣ1213ûɫ֡УɫΪϣ125õȫɫƽͨԺǵ6͵7ðɫǱѩɫУĴɫɫӻ910ɫѶУǵɫǻɫ48ûɫ֡
ǰУĸ֮ǰЩѹûʱ˽⣬ʵ
ȷе˵ǰӵǴĦ˹У͵УԴӵ3͵11ӺУֻʣͷϿգһξӲսһ߲㣬У˾Ӷࡣ
ɫһ
һջߣ߿воˣһɫָӣڶɫ΢һ㡣
˸ԮֳʧٶԽԽ졣
쳹ֳֻ±޵ʬ塣
һʱ˳Ͼô˴һ𣬸оֵֹģȻûôӴ󣬶Ǹʱˡ
ǸѶУķɽ̧ͷŴһɳķ
ãȰѹںʦȥת
ţУǻһŽǵĹںʦϷ
뿪⣬ѹ𣿡վڱϿȥʵֳ绷ƺǲһ
ǴڳͻָˣٽֳҲû⣬˵绷һΧ֮ڣһС
ļӦò졣ǵʱн磬߼㣬ѶУͻûУģ⻷߼ͻ©⡣
ʲô˼ûף˵ĺʲôϵ
˼Ҳ濴ű̧ĸѧֵֻ֪нûа߼׷ֶߡ
˵ôڣΪѾˣָӾϲ˵Щ
ţϰ̧ͨŸѧϷʵ
ûѡϰͨͷոְ˴ˡ
ԭڶһĹԱϹߵʬɾֻûǸ˵ġֳڵ֫壬ЩɢڹϯϣЩն޵ĸУ˭Ҳˡ
ûսϴûִ޸ٳԼѵʹ飬ǿЩѾйԱ˺üأҲ
һ죬ڵҹ˲뿪⣬ֱֳ˾ߡ
Ϊʲô»ӵڻûг֣ʼָӣ澯߻Ǿġ
ѶУƽͨԺһ֧ӡɽе
֧أǵɫһֲõԤС
ˡ·ʱ
ԡε壿ǿԼʵʲô
֪
ֳôվӦǾԱߣʵ
ӦǾеĹͨѶҡͷûѹ
˻ֳںʦȥʱǱߴš濴绹δѹɼĻƲͬ

нһ룬ͷȥ
ִ󣬱һܴͷͣǣͣȥôУϲûˣ


270 
УҪ,ʱĴ֪ô˵
ģ·ʱظһ飬ʮֲá
ܡˡ˽Ͱ͵
·ʱԱЦˣֱֳôڣⲻ˹ȥ,ڻˣ֧ȥɱǵĻӿҲ
ʲʲôþǺߵһֻ,Ե,ǻӣ
ǻӴӳУţҪնɱԭأǲ֪·ʱ׽ŶԷ
Է,ʱҲһӴӳ,ȥǡ
Ȼˡ
﷢ʲô,ˣǰʵִ·ʱ׼,˺
·ʱ˦֣ѹŭ,˺һ
ǸֱźжϺ󣬱úõģȻͻȻһƬϴ,˵䡭͵
䣿
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ʱû˵껰Ļʧ,ȻǼԪ˧ͨѶҶˡ
Ȼأʵ
ȻͻȻҪǵͷȥߵһԼʻСͷ뿪ˣҪǰܷͣſڡ˼۶ľУǣʵҪͷȥ13Ķ飬ͷˡ
תͷӵˣҪҪȥһļң
칫ס޵ĵطӦûԼļҡ
ڹȥӦǾֱתصϡ
һӰŽһǲ⣿
ҡͷڻ֪ĶҪǣҪ죬ǵڰǱߵˣҪҪϡ
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˸ļң˸ȫ֪ʲôҲûм
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С۾ˣܱܲվԱߣҪӡ
̾ӵݹȥ
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Сܹ˫
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ô֮ǰ˵ٰʮ겻⣬һֱܷĵġùϵͨѶͨôͨѶ
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ǿԵ𣿡Цʣ˳ȵ˵ܻ
һ㶣漴ͷãǶܲ΢Сһ㣬С³ָУӡ
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Ҳ޿ܣһǵļҲȫˣΪӱΡ
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ӵȥҪҪȥۿڣȻҪӣƱزٴǡ
ʱˣﻹü˵˼뿪ˡФֹ
УԱһĴߣһ뿪ԭ
ţȥۿˡӦǾͣ½Ų
ƽͨԺУļңУǸۿڡ

ִǸۿں˲ŷøˡ
ҹǾϢĵطǸۿڣۺʱˡ
Ȼǵۿں󣬲ŷָۿڵǽȫͣˣصЩӦ뿪ĳ˿ȫڸۿڴһȫתͷľУܹ
ФԾ˺һ԰ɣ˻þǵ绷
УûҽףЩͨڣֻܺ˳Ҫ˻ط
أŤͷ˿Ѿ׷ĳ˿ǣˡ
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ͻ׵ףȥͿӦǾشԺС
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㱾ڽÿҲѹƣʹ
ӦǾվ·֪˵ԺУݳȥ
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Ȱ˰Ҫܡҡͷڱҵˡ
ǳˡ
أ˾ͽͷˣֻиۿ߻⣬е㱻ЦˣвҪȨϾ򰡣Сͨơ

Ħ˹У죬ͷĵͷֻûҺǼ˲ڡ
һ뵽⣬¿ȥϵûʲô쳣
ȥӦǾȻ


271 
ӦǾʱ,ۿֽը
ǽ̧ͨͷűըķ򣬡ǽ޷ͣ¡
ԭҪܵǽͨը,Ҫʱֱӷ
Ҫþǽ,Ҫ޺ǽͨ,Ҫһܵʱ䡣ӦɺӿŻҹ,૵Ҳ
ӦǾɨһ,ƿߣȥ
ͣʼǽͨѾڱըٵıԵ,ȥҲ޷һͬɥ
УǲдӸۿ뿪,;̽Χ
ͷڸۿڸ߿ձըĶС˵ڸľܱ,ƱػܳʲôȻĿǰΪֹû˳,ûжٵƻš
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ɽСȥûˣȥ
С廹һһ飬ƱŻˣͷɽСߵǱߣַ׼ȥ
ʱ򣬱ŵСڻɽϣȻҧȥĿľ
ûκСֻһ·ֻҧʲôʳһ㣬ûɱɽȫûвһҪС

Сڻɽ߼гһ˲ðŴ¥ֱӴϷŤͷСʹ˦Դ
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濴ӦǾûֻɽŵĺ⣬ֻղӦǾ֣Ӳּ
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ӦǾ̧ۣջظ֪
֪һ뿪СļֹͣˣһСľٶҧĻɽ
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˵ӦǾ˵ôʱ·ʱ״ͨѶȺƵ
ģûйĻ·ʱ׵е֡
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˵СǣҲһǣҪһ˵ĸ֪ȥǣ̸ףƫƫӦǾҪ¡
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㲻ǸͽԱ˾ͽûס
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272 һģ
겻,ϢֻĻս˵ǳ⣬Ī,λͻȻ»ӵ,ԼˣǸ˶Ϊͽ
˾ͽʳ仰ͷЦҪ,ô˵ҲûҪңҲ˴ѡ
˾ͽγҹʱ,忸Σ漸ǴǲһߵڣΪ֮ȴֱӻеѪ
̧ͷΪЩУ,ȴŭ,ʣµֻǰ
,ӦǾ󣬵ʱֱ̫ƲҲ޷ָ
ӦǾ⶯,תĿģƲ,Ϊʲôã
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ģʽѸٴȡͬѰĴʻ㡣
ͷģֻģ⵱ʱĻޣѵ,УʵòѵҲνĵУǱʶӦĿǰõֱͳ⻷ģ磬˽ͬУöһһֱоһ绷յĿҪþУڲͬУԸܽӴޣˮƽ˺ͬʱѵǱʶӦ
˵ⷽ飬ֱͦ˲٣㲻ֵֻ֪
δõоϢӦǾ̧ɫ
治ֱ֪飬Ǽֻ˽оѾشͻƣкܶ⣬оɹ֮óҲ֪뿪ǵǼһֱǻҪģնı
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ǼҵĹ涨ֻʵҽУҸ֪оĿḶֻ֪́иڡУҲΣԼԲŷϢû뵽ǳˣҵֱϿո֪Ŀйˣǵļ
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ӦǾ룿
ЦЦʵصĿΧģʽĻһֱĿΪ׼ǸͽΪҵʱҪٵĻУʵҷֿˣа롣
ѾаķΧУͨڻɱҪ绷
ϵЦӵҧǰѿĻˣڻΧڿԿˣ趨κλȫ
ôҵһʵ
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벻ӦǾ̧۵ֳ췽˺͹ڻδ⻷ѹ
ǳ򡣡õֻץͷƵôǼ˶εоԱӦáγ绷Ҫĳֲ֮ԺټװãͨԶ̶ӰΧˣóһֳ˻һҲֹһˣô˲ŻֱѲ
ȻԷӰˣΪʲôҪĻͻȻʵ
Ǹֻӳԭ⻷ʱ䣬Ҫ趨绷á
ӦǾ漴ĴϢҪǰֳ˵ĹԻٳ
ԸѧֳҲûѣǲѶУҲڶֽţŻɽʵ
šɽ
ǿ鷳ˣҿϰͨ΢㣬ѶУû˵ˡҡͷϧͽҲˡ
ѾС
ȥоƬ˾ͽεҵһٵ绷
ܲȥӺͺӣɬ棬ȷǰȫ
ڽʱ̡˾ͽλ˵ʲôӦǾֵ̧סͬȥ
Ħ˹УӸûзӦǾľڵ۹УܷԼָӵĻ
̤Ϸ

;УӦǾӵͨѶǱֳ֪ͨѾѹڶͨѶ·ʱ״ġ
Щˡ·ʱ׽ͷתŸĴ򶷣Խһ򣬡ӵͨˡɢΨˣ˵۾Ǻɫģ֮ǰĻǽ˾ͻ
ȵɼ·ʱ಻ƽ
ӦǾͨѶĻ漸ͨˣǵ۾ȷе˵Ǵĺɫǲ˲ٻɫʣⲫȥסУжͼݻź
·ʱʼռʱı֣һ֪ʲô
ȥ
·ʱףҲҪ˵ҪӦǾӶԷͳϢ
ӦǾ̵ֻ̣Щˣ֣顣
ֻõĻݣӦǾһҶͨѶʵͼʲôΪʲôôɥĲ񣿡
ĳ۶Կطֻû
ӦǾ⿴ͷڲձڣδش⡣

ңУ˻ſš
ֱȥסԼӡ
Էӵܿ췢ֱֻ۶ˣ㡭ôˣ
û¡οԼӣȥˣģ
ڷ˯ȥ
Ҹȥ
ӦǾ˸ǺҲȥˡ
죬ûֱڿޣ嶼岻ãֱۻӱȥߺ۾
ڴ˯ĺӣձСͿʼ֣ŬҪ
ұšƺϰ棬һֱֻȥסӣźôǲҪ豧趼ѹˡ
СܿͲˣЦſʣ񰮿ֵԸ
ֻֻ޷ֻתͷӦǾܲܰһºӵӣ
СֽŶиӣϵϻֻҪ΢һᷢ
ӦǾǰֻ
֡ӦǾԼϵȡº󣬱С壬ְֽ֮󣬾ͻ
С涢ӦǾҲޣЦ
½Сݸӣ㿴Żᱦ
СձӱסͿʼ֡
ⳡϰΪתҪУԼߡ
š
ͻȻ
ӦǾŤͷȥվǰҪȥС
СŴϾ˯ˣùܡͷ
ûջֻýӵݸ
Сڿޣ޵øף˿ŵĵز
üӵϴҲôġ
ΣǸʱû˱
ѱϰɡȻ
һ㶣Ҫǰȴ˱ȥ
ӦǾߵǰұԡ
СݸӦǾСıסСſϣ˳ӣˡ
⺢ҡͷ
߰ɡ򣬴ߡ


273 Ѫû
У㱧뿪,һᣬ˿Ҫǰӣ,ҿ
ӰſӦǾ,ۣ
Ա˼,Ӧɺһţʱɽǰ,סӦǾͺ
Ħ˹Уλı䣬κע⡣
۾仯ſ޵ġ
ղźԭڿޣ˲Ҫʱôһ˲ͣˡ
֪ʧ,ȵıֱͫ׺ɫ,ӵһɲ,Ƽĸ֪ʱ̫̣ӦǾͬʱ,Ȼø֪ѹ,Ըղʧ,ͷʱͫ׾Է˱仯ٺˣԿ޵øˡ
ǰȥʱ㷢⺢ϲ۾,۾󣬲Ű
ӣӦɺȻвղӦǾ֪΢䶯ͽľٶǰһʲôڵĻб˲²⣬Ťͷȷʵ
˵ͷ
ҲǵǰĻɽȻ
ԭһҪõоƬɽĻͷǵϹУΪ⣬֪𣬺ȥͨѧУ
·̬ˡɽ
һֱһˣкų̈ףǹͻ׾Ӷ֪࣬ͣ취ٿػס͵
ӦǾӣŤͷͷ˸ܺá
е㲻⣬ҶʲôȤֻо磬ԶĶͨѧУ顭һζôˡ
ʲô£˶֪ЩӦǾ
Ȼ˵ŻζӦǾ⣬̵£к˵ϵӣ֪⡣
λϦദһȷа취֪£ӦǾͷĺıʵ
ֶ˶лش⣬תƻȥûоƬҵһ
ӦǾ׷ʡ
ƹеĿȣ԰ȥǰ߹δʲôͨ԰ƣɽݡ˹жֳͯһ·ߵ˹ߣóӰ˰
ӿʼΣԶԲӣȴܷһԿ׵״
΢һ㽫һ£Ӷʱȱһ飬ʱصԿ׵״
ԽǾеԿʶ
ͷΪԽܵԽױƣֻԿס
˵꣬Կߵ˹Եͤڣһʯ£סȣת¶һԿ׿ס
Կײڣһת
óԿʱĦ˹У˻༫һۣ漴ߺһ춯˹ϡ
ԭƽĺ濪ʼˮ߼¶мĿա
γԿףȥˮѾˣֻзʯ塣ͣ룬ûһʯ壬ܿʯ¶һ
ٰ룬ǰʯͻȻݣʯףһоƬ档
˳ݳȥ·вٻ·ܿ˳һǰ
һңһͻԡ
Ҫһ趨ģ⻷ҪǵĶȽ϶ࡣǱߵоԱһֱΪģʵңʵһ⣬ֻǱźӵԷֻΪȥоƬȴ֪ȶźšߵһ̨ǰȡƴоƬݸӦǾֻҪһΧڣܸӦһϵоƬ
ӹĺӣһʵڵĻ԰ѻˡ
ھУĻоΪʲôҪ٣׷ôо
ڡͷ;ڹĻϵЩδԵڶԼ˶֣Ҫ˵ѹҪʲôΪԹ߹޷ܣһнΪϵ
޺ûӦǾתȥƶˡ
߹ĽݣӦǾŸһӹҪеоƬ
ֽӦǾ󣬿סԷ
ѹϵˣҡͷôԱһ𣬾ȻҾô֡
ӣߵԷǰ𾪵ڸʲô
ĹܣǺһ𳤴һֱе¡
ǸȾߡӦǾվüǰһֱֻۡ
΢΢˵
Ȼʲô֪3sһ۱ֱܷǰһֱгֹɽòз֡
꽫ץ𣬶Է۾ڻҰ߲һô£
㱳ң˻ʶԷ֪ʵ£ΪʲôҪô
ѾԭˣҡõϣվԱߵһͲʲôĸȾߡ
ӣȻ
ӦǾȥһǰȴһ¡
ԭ·أɫԽԽ԰ףĺӡ

ˣ߳鶼𣿡
м˰æӦǾ˵
ʲô£
ܷһѪ
Ӧָӣڼǰ󣬡
ΪӦǾҪɱ˼ӡ
ɽȻԾֳץȥһذס
ʲôץŵ
תͷɫ䣬Ϊɽɱʱɽֻץӵָһ漴˻ء

е£һֻסӣҲڴ˿ͻȻ
ӦǾ˵ѪüǱ߻ҡҡͷ
ǣ죬Ϊ´
Ѫ⡣
¡˰ЦЦʲôҪæģҶԣֻǡǰ˵ͺá
ͻȻ󲽳ȥ
㵽ʲôӺˣ־£ʲôϾ·ͥ
ͣ½ŲӦǾ
˲⣬ֻӦǾףָ΢֪йȻӿˡ
Ⱦ߼ȿָӵĸ֪˶һӦǾĸ֪
ӴŨĸ֪֣ȫƲסڵı仯м̰ͼĿ־塣
˶ڿӣʶŤͷȥȴһ˫۾ȫɫ
ʣĺӿֵԽһֱͼԶˡ
ɫ԰ױĺӣɿסӵ֡
Ⱦߡ΢΢ƫͷﴽ
ӦǾջظ֪ǰס
תͷĿϣӦǾԺ
侲
ͻɽӦǾϣܾ˼ʲô
顪
ӦǾĸ֪һջأ˱Ȼײ˳ȥ
׷ȥҲں档
Բۣʲô⣡
Ф߽ţײһ˫۷ڵˣէһѼסֱֱǱ߼


274 Ҫʻ
ס׷Ф
Фվλú,ֻҪ΢־ܵס˵·˵ȫ۾һʶԱ߶Ѽ¶ȥ,ץס֡
ԭͷżסֱ,ʱ̧ͷ˵۾Ҫȥס·
ֻôһ,Ȼӳ˴š
Լ׷˳ȥȻſ˽Ӧһȥʱ,ը
٣
ը˲䣬ڣڸڵФըನֱըɣžһˤڸϳǰ
ӦǾżµˣ̧ƹ,˽
Фͼһֻ,һ,Ȼֻһ˫˫ĳȿҲ˾顣
ˣüŴſһƬǽ壬ӦǾȻۿͨ,Ҳȥ,ֻǡ
ҡźܳ,ŴǰĿӿݣһӳȵס
ͽˡŤͷôĳϦദ˲ܶܲ͸¶
żĺ,һݣоãȻΪʲôڵӣΪʲôӻᡭǸӡ
ȾߣʲôǸȾߣȻ̧ͷӦǾ֣ǲˣһǹҪôġ
̶ֳȣֻԸΪȾ߲ܴﵽɽдƵĴ߳޷ƾожϣֻг3sѪֵĸȾߣһȾʱ䳤еȼߣԸͺɫںϡ
Ѫû⡣
ɽкվưܴǰɽУԼӻڳļ½һ㶡
ʲô˼ɽʵ
˵Ѫûз쳣ۿӦǾܿƿĿ⣬̰ͼ3sĸУű¶
ΪѾõļˣȾߵ˽ڳҪö࣬ȻһֱжϱѪҺкɫδй⡣
ϵĳʼɢվڴǰĬȴֲʣõϢ
ӦǾͷеоƬȥһ˴ȥƽͨԺϡ
հ졣
ФŰ뵹ĴţһҲˣУҲʼˣûôҲˡ
һܴͷǺϰͨվڲǰФˣȥƽͨԺ
Фһʧļ£Ϊʲô⣿ղըˣôң
²ش⣺Ҫȥסź
أ
ˡ
ȥˣ


ֱֳȫ绷ۿͨ٣Ԯ˻ҪźͬʱһɱѹӦվžʲô
źǱѾƽͨԺţУڿ󲿷־ѾСĿǰ⼸УӳԱѰĻ
磿Ӧʵ
˽о磬һֽȥԷΧڵ˽п赥Ļ
ʦŭһ
ѯѹʦڽ˽һţӦûмųȥվڴɨһȦڳˡ
һֱиʣУΪʲôͻȻڳӦ˵һһɨڳʦĿϣ⣬˵ûڳܺڵľУ磿
ɣ
ӦĿƣտҲ󣺡ˣеĹԻˣҲ֤ݡ
ɳĬڲ浽ʲô͸Ⱦ߱¶˶ࡣ
ΣΪУֱֳ˲ŵҴ档ϰڲ׷˽ʱܻ棬Ҫȥӡ
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ƽͨԺͨѶżԣǰӦݵ
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Щ˶ˡ·ʱֱĨһѾͷ׼󣬡ǶǵͨڣУֺԥǲ硣
ĻһתЩ;У˴ˣ˵۾ڻҰ߲Ųˡ
ΪЩˣУ򶷷ƣûףԽԽࡣ
վںɽ鿴ŹĻ˱۾
ҳʱһ֧ӣ۾Ҳ֣߲·ʱʱΪǶ
ôͨڣȫʧȥǣֻ
ƽͨԺֻôУЩͨԽԽ࣬Ѿơ
·ʱ״ͨѶӦݺ·ô
Ȼδλָ˵飬źϿͻȻִͷϰͨУӴϿ£ֱӶΧɱ
·ʱŤͷļ£ڸʲô
£Щûˣ㲻ɱǻ
ʲô˼·ʱǰһֱ˵Ļڻȥץסʡ
һ߷ɳ·ʱ׿ˣ֣ڲʱ򡣡˵꣬·ʱ׵ĹԹˡ

ûжоƬӦǾ
ڵͿտٷУҪҵһ
һûСӦǾʲôطܷû
ԭϱۺ󣬱ѾʧѪֹ࣬ѪȫûнϢӶסˡ
šӹӡ
磬λһķΧûСӣ͸ʧһط
ӦǾû׷ʣ˵
ȥĶ֡ЦЦҽĵط
Ķ֣ľɫģ粻ͬĻȫʵģҲ˻лڣһļοǻڡ
ͷһת̷Ķ֣·ݰܵĻ֦ͻȣ˿̳ª޷󵱳ʢĲá
ӦǾоƬʼ΢žԽԽоƬϵĵƹԽԽ졣
˴ӷһ·Ķֵľͷȥ
ߵʱоƬϵĵƹѾǳˡ
ˡתЩУЦ
Ϊʲô԰ʵ鷿ԽʱĹԵ¼ЩܣֻҪܷ֡ͨΪʲô
΢΢һЦҲһͨˣҪʻٿػס
ôȥУҡͷһʲôԣǲǣ
ѾԼʻٿػˡ˻һ䣬˫˲ȫڣףߵĸȾ߳ȥ
鷳һֽӦǾ棬漴ӭȥ


275 
3sסӦɺͷǷ̨,
3süǵ֮ǰ˵Ƿ֪У޷,ȴֱӼʻٿ3s,ĸ֪ã
ԱߵǿİӣôҲΪʲôڵӡ
ȾǵļȻľУһĵ,һʮٻ¡
Ƿϣ˵һϹУѵԣʵС,3sʵĵֻϵ
ֱۡϥǡÿһΣǷϱһ˺ۡ
ǿľս֪ӱӣȻ,ҪҪټ
ЩǷսԽ,ȻϲԼĻ,˺ۣʽԽԽݡ
Ҳýȴȥ
ǷŸ,ЦһǸý
,ŵתһȦ,һֻϣǷ򱳡
Ƿʵ̫࣬ĽҪֿҲֻᱻ
˲䣬ĿɨӦǾ,̰ڣֻҪĸ֪
ǷĹȻӦǾȥҪץס
ſڣҪӵ֣ס֣Ҫһٴ
ۡ
Ƿ㱵ͷȴԼײձ̴̴ֵؿڣŤͷȥȴлͷ
׺ȻأǷȻӦǾ
߿սеĵֱǿ
ӳԱڽԼˮƽȹ궼Ҫ죬ٿ졭ҲȻ졣
ʱתԼֵγ
ײڣǷѪʼӻƿ
;ǰѺӽԱߵĽ棬ȥʣµһֻƴǻײţݡ
֣Ŭţϱ
һԼѡȻϣʼԼӡ
ǾΪʲôӵ˿ڣֻؿϵѪֹסһֱͣ
СľǷؿϣѪǺɫģӦǾһֻԷ΢΢ҡͷȻѪкɫӰӡ
ΪʲôǷͻȻ׽ָ³ѪЩÿһһͨţȡȡ֪ͣΪʲôҪһͨÿһÿһ죬˷Լĸ֪Ҷںޣƾʲô֪˵㣡
һ㶣ʶӵʱ֪ѾڼԼи֪
մȾߣһǷĻסֻҪȥѵ֪ͻ˵ĿܣͬδϾУǰ֪ôζ㱾ʺϾУǿȡ
ǷĻֱӴڴŻѪϢҪϣȴͻȻһЦϵҪĿɡԼѡ񡣡
ǵͷԼӣЦסȻһǷȴϢ
Ⱦ߽Ա꣬Ƿ׷׳ףɽ߹ʵ⻰ʲô˼
޷֪
ӦǾָ΢֪Ƿ壬ͷܵһɺɫϢ۵ϢкɫҪǿҡø֪Ƿͷɫ漴ƹǺ򣬳ĵطȥ
Ķ־ͷһε͵Ĵң˵ÿһ仨껨ó͸ο͡ʵģĻ־ͷǴĲ
ӦǾҪƿεҵţס

ǰƿҵţһ˲һ˵ȾͻȻ湥
ϧŵȾ߹С
ӦǾǰվڻǰ֮ǰڹ¼Ļȣ̨Ҫ࣬ѹЩȾΪ
жԴܣóоƬоƬϸ̶ҪѷɫоƬҲΪʲôҪԭ
̧ͷŻйԴϨͬʱһʧ֪ҪԵʹ⿪ʼ
֪Ƿ˼վԺλõĽȻɫѿǿýƵ
ýƵ˿ȫѭһƵĺȻǷ
һֱ֪ߵƿأռݴԴٿػסƵеǷ鿺ܣƾʲôܲٿػףƾʲôҪ֪ߵĿƣƾʲôǵĸ֪Ҫȱͣ
Ȼͣҽܣ˵ԼΪ֪𳹵׳ΪһͨٿػףȺͨһȫǰǷɸȾߡ
ڡҸ֪3sҿɲٿ3sףһתǷѾڣһȾԣ֤Լʵ
ҲԼ֪ƿأǡǷ߳ײգſ˫֣ϴų

һʱȻ֪˵ʲôãԼܣ֪ĸȾԽԽڸȾأ
Ƶźţɽʵ
Ѿѭźܾã飬⣬и߲Ӧöֵ̧ס°ѹԼҪҡ
ͨȥԼĸ֪Ǹ߲㿪ʼȾߵĴڣƱҪѪ¼ߵ
ڳָӣ˲佫ܷһ顣
˵ǷһУڳһը
ӦǾһƿĿȻظ

˵ƵѹʦȻҲյϢƵꡣ
ʲô⣿ƵǷľʲô֪ȼ
һǶ£и˵ӦֱӰѵ311ƽѣڣ
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귴ѵǣ̫࣬ǵ3˸ƽѡǡ
Ӧ̧ʾа֮Ǵϵ¡
ȻƵһ˼һĶһŻɵӣǻԾߵǷǸȾߡ

ϵĸȾ߻˵ϵĸȾߣĲ࣬УĶ鿪ʼϡ
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֪ʲôʲôֻҪ֪һֱվһߡҲϵиȾأ˦·ʱ׵֣󲽳ȥ
ѾվſڵȴĦ˹УѧȰ죬ƽͨԺУӵȫȥԼУУѧȻǱڣԾһ
ʦѣһܷʻͳ֡
һأǱӭȥ
ں棬ͷŹԣյһͨѶԶ
ƽ棺Ҫý巢

ͷ
ǾʹӦǿҪӦȾߵ¡ǷһƵеļƻ
ͷϵý壬Ҫ׼ֱ̧ͷʦѾס
Ƕ¾С


276 ҿ
ý˿ֱæӼź,ȷ󣬵ݶ̨ǰĳ˱һƣʾ⿪ʼ
λ,岥һϢ,һСʱ̨ͨз˽Ƕһγڴǰע̨,һСʱ

岥Ϣһȫ˶ڶǲǶǷϸĽ,Ǳ࣬ǲһֱо߸֪ĶȻЩһЩϸڣǷ˽ý巢ڶȴýֱ
֪ýƲ
ԶǷ෴,ѵֳɣ
Ȼ,߲㶼ýǰ,ȴһСʱֱԡ
ϵӦݵ˵õϢ˿һ͹Ļڸվڴȴ
սˡФУһ,վڱ߽߱ǽ,,ǼҴ򼸸
ôȷսۿ
ȻܸʲôФΪԼӷִϻۣһ϶Ǹġ
ѧվԱߣ̧Լ,ͷת˶飬ǷʲôϰͨǱˣôʲôǲˡ
ϰͨ
ѶӶʱ£ٿڣϾڶԸѧһϣ˭ֲɾ
ѧ־öѵı֣һϣѶУûõλ
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ϰͨͣˡ
ѧ֣ʲô
ϰͨеºƵڿʼֱԤ档
λڣһСʱӣ̨ѾںͶǱϵֱܿͿʼ߿

ʱһһȥԼ룬ֱһУĻһ˳еȺڹĻǰС
þòһͷɫˣڰ칫ǰϴºǳЦ·ںѴк
ͷŹĻϵˣʶԷԱ߽ȴмӦν򣡡
ǸӦǾ֮ǰΪǿָӣʵ3ӵӦν
ӦݼĻϵ˶ͫһδϵ˻Ӧν
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˵⻰ͷǰͬ棬º侲ָӡ
ںɫʲôȾʲôʱĻȻһӦνʧھͷǰһһеֳ档
ɫʱ䲻飬ֵϿɲ飬ֻԳ3s֣ʷжǱڳ3sֻǱڳ3s֣ʼںϿ3s³ԱЩ˱ΪȾߡǰǵĶ׳չȾǵˡڳ3sֱܷ3sµĸȾߣڳˣǰ311ϳʼɨȾߡ
ÿһ͸¶Ϣ㹻ùĻǰ˳˼
ԭ3sһ˲ӦǾʷϻжǱڵĳ3sԭȾߡ
ֻǶƬ֮ʡ˸ţ
νЩźˣ˵ΪʲôɱǵˣֻϻѹܵõǿȨ
ʼ͸߲һĳ档
Σ߲жʼڲ²⣺˭ǸȾߣ

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˵⻰ʱĿӦǾϣ3sܲǸȾߣȻӦǾһͲǸȾߡ
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µЩͨǸȾߣǲԸǱǿпƵģڱƵ˲ѾˡɱɱǶˡ
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ô˵ֻ˺²кɫĶôΪȾߣôƣȻ·ʱü̴ȡء
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ߵȼ壿ǵһ˵ʡ
ӪҺʱ磬ȻһСȥе鹺¼鵽˲ˣʵҷһֱںɫ޷ų塣ƶϣӪҺеĺɫɷ֣ȼ֮ߣԽκһɫ塣
ڸ˶ʱ䣬ʵϵûв£¶ڶǰָſʼʵҵ顣
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䱻رգһңһҵУУֻܾȥǻָȴ޷ȥ˻ʦ򱻺ȥۿڰæάͨʦû˼ȥѵУÿһ춼ڿᡣ
߲鲻ϣΪƵݹףѾʼͶӴŪô¡
ָӦν򲢲ԸֻǸ֪ԼȾ߷Ѿֳ3s޷۲ѪҺĸȾߡ
ʼһΪȾߣʵ˳
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277 ˶
н,Ħ˹УѶУڸۿڰæУѵκ,ϵļͥʧȥ̫,·ϣʱܼ޺ˡ
УѰʧȥĸĺӣǴ,ᰴ
ͬʱӦǾϻиȾߣȻȴʦǺ;Ķ鿪ʼ,˴һ𣬲׼뿪Χŵ۹УƽͨԺĵԷ롣
ʵϣӦǾδڶ,,иȾ߸ɴӦǾͬھ,Ȼͼ궼ߣ֣Ѱ޷֡
оУʦ,о,ĵĴ,Ȼһ֮ڣһ룬ȴѾʮ߸ȾأҪߣɱ
ƻͨ,˭Ҳ׼뿪ҽԸѪӦǾֳ⣬κѵĻᣬȻҲǶͨȾЧһܽڵĺɫתƣӦǾҲ޷һ۱
ӦǾ֪ǣҲȫָ޷ٳʱʹø֪ʱȰֵܷĸȾ߼
Ӻʦڼ꣬һ41Ⱦߣв3sľˡ
ˣԸеĿģǼô˾˵ĸȾʣУΧȾߵֱ޷
¶ʮǰѾǸɸӣѹ֡ѹֵ311Ҫ
ľųȥнͬʱӦݵ˿ʼϵ㣬֪һ¡
ǱߣӦν׼11̨ܴ泬3sĸ֪ܼȾߵĻ
11̨Ӧһֱ֪ӦνãҪ͸11һߡ
УأʦУҲҪм⡣
˵ǻô࣬˶ĲϡӦ䵭
֪ԼʲôӦνʵ3ӣѾʮˣڼӦһ˶Ѫվڱ֪ӦνΪ˱ֶ鴿Ų뿪ӦҲжˣϵӦκˣиӦˣȾߵĴڡ
ӦôļѣνӦνһɵģǴӦӦ絹ƫƫĶӣֶǳ3sһԲȾȴΪ֪ʧصĳ3sһ۲졣
Ӧν򲻿֪ܲӦǾĿȻδϵ֪Ӧˡ

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ܡݸƿˮѪҺⲻĸȾߣһȵĺɫȾָȾ̫ࡣ
ӦɺӽӹˮںڼҪ뿪ǰšƿǣסڷѲ鷢ֵӰǶǸȾߣ
һ㶣ȫ뵽ǵôõ¡

ʱʲôˮԱߣ̧ۿ
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ʮǸۿͨ޺ãǽҲˡջб⣬͵11̨ﴢһӦνĸ֪ͬʱһԪԪ˧´һ
꽻֮ʱУνٻؾУ
˺շ˹˹ھųͣУһɾ׷׼뿪ۿڣعУ;
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ԣҪһ꣬ڿҪͣˡĿɨˣϣ̫࣬Ҫ̫ѹǵ·
Ȼͣˣǻȥѧҵֵģŵٷ͵ʦһֱš
Ǳ˴꣬ѧ𣿡
ڴˡüڰ˳б꣬ѧΪе߳һѧ֣иʮ֡
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ȻҪȥˡӦɺվڴǰ⣬Щп
УоеİļҲŴҺþüҵˡ
ڴϣ˫ֵںףΪʲôҪվҷ
ָڵϵĽ棺ҿ˳ˡ
Ҳָ̧ŻɽҸġ
ۣҲٹܣȥҪѧϰס
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ˡͻȻ𣬴ӿڴһöԿףҪġʱҪ˹ҪԿ׹
˷׷ΧҪ˼Կ׸ʲô
̧ۣһöԿóԼ
öԿײʺɫһʱó˸з֣ٿڼȹʾӷֵԿ׻ƼΪơ
һԿףüš
ջԿףµش

УҪؾУ˷ܵĵĦ˹ڵľУȻͣˣһǽӽھһΣ۹У㱻ѹ˹ȥ
ڵõϢ֪ҪĦ˹УڵľУѾʼڳﻮôףǻ
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ˣǵִɳǸۿڣصĦ˹Уʱԡţưβʽ
ڡţưĦ˹УţƣԼԱ𣬡ţơβĺ
ؼǣѧУһĻʵʱУѭŵУǰǾ䡮ţưΪ
ҪѧŹĻϵˣƤٺ񣬶е㿸סˡ
ϵٿڵȻҾúͰǰ仯ܴ󡣡
ЦһУȥֳˣڲӪˡ
վԭأҲȫ⡣
Ҷ˶ѡɽת


278 
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ѧУڵʦУӾУ,ѾˣܽǵʦȫؾˣֻʣһѧУڵ
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̫ˡѵϣ컨
ԱߵĻɽ˵,ֻǺһ컨
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ɽ̧˫,ںϣҲˡ
˵˺ü3s,ҪҪȥǣֱۣΪѧ,ʱ̣͸úúָѧѧǡ
ɽ,߰ɡ
˸߳ײҹ
ôѵˣüû
ǡǻ׽á
⿪Ҫ׸ʲô,ѵҪǸ죿
ȿʣûпգпոһȥ
Уֵ̾Ƕеÿ췢ùˡ
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ԭҪȥָѧѧõˣ̸ˡ
УڵĹҲС󷽻пɹԻܵĳأӦɺӴ˸кͻɽųס
ڲԳؼʻٿػףվϷۿݼ¼
⼸һֱɵĿΣԷ̫ණֵѧϰǻײϴϣǻ׽ṹŻɽĻס
ǴǰϡӦɺ߹վԱߵ
ҿ
ү׵Ļ˰ٷ֮壬ɽĻת˰ٷ֮嵽ٷ֮߷ΧڡӦɺִϣ·̨ףǱƿػ׵õǻ׵⡣
̩ɽĹؽڳ΢һ㡣׵
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취
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˫ˣ˺һҪͣûС
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˵Ķ·ɽע⣬ɽӻײڳͷʣôˣ
û¡ʾ⣬Ǽ
ǸӦɺĨһ󣬵

ڲɽ˻ܺӦɺһƶ޸Ļ׵ļƻ꣬ĹԱͷȴԶ˽ͨѶ
Ļ˽ͨѶ
Ļϵһ֣˶סˣΪ֮ǰֱϼˡӦν
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ɨˣƺҲĻ˽ʵôûͬѧ
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Ӧν΢΢ͷº͵ھУӦûʲôиϢҪǡ
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һ棬ûסЦ𵱳۹Уָӱ¡
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ҪȥӦν
ͷںǧ꣬ʵԶı촥ޣһȥֻ޹ӦνЦȻֻ˵㻹λʦŸϢ
ӦνҶͨѶɵջǹȥ
ǣҡͷͷ޵ʵ3sԸˣǱȥ
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һû̶ȡ̧ЦЦǻҪѧ֣ȥ̫ˣ⣬ԼУһȥ
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ϣʡȰ׸췽á

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ԺһȥôӦһ¡ɽе
˵
նɱɹռͷðǸסɽж3sĻʦֻһˣڲûС
ԭڴ⣬ͷЦһС
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ҹհΣڰ²ż
һᣬԷûнӣһֱΪͨѶԶʱӦǾŽͨ
ӦǾŹĻϵˣЩɣȻδϵͨѶ
㲻ھУɨһӦǾ΢ʪĳϵ˯£ıʵ
ӦǾʶ濴ȥһ´ܣڼң鷿
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μӴľУãҲԸУӦǾͣ۹Уѧֲʱ㣬ʹĦ˹УЩͬ
۹УѧףڼұõѵҲһֱѧУҪѧ֣УаսС
ĿԣƬͬʱƿȿڵʱûпգ
ӦǾüһڿȱߵָ⶯˶ʵôˣ
Ӧνһͷ3sδ֪ޣҪӹȥӦǾһһʵҪҪ룿
Ӧν
Լеġḧȥϵˮ飬̧۵ãҼ롣
ȷ֮ϵ㡣
ͨѶҶϣӦǾվԭãߵһߵľǰеСĴڲϡ


279 Ӯİ
ҪȥǵĶԱȷ,ֻϿΣʱÿ춼ȥϿΣ,֮һΪѧ֣ͬʱҲǰʦ˰¼١
һ,Լ̫ûл3212,ҪȥԼʦʦ
ôһ˵,Ҳþܾ,ֻͬ⡣
ȥϿεʱ䣬ڹ,ӦɺһŸɽĻ,ϲſʼɵĿΡ
оƬŻԭϻҪȥ,Ͽ,һҪڽѧ¥Һط֮䵽ܡ
ᡢСͻûʲôû֮,ʺϵĻײõĻסվǰ,ͬóʲôףʲô׾õġ
óʲôףɶһԲ,һʵ
֪,ɿͻȺӣϹУʦһÿε˶֪κһʦô,һӦǣͻס
ɵռǣػ֮ܿͻȺ,Ϊͻ״㣬ϵʱ򣬿΢ʡһ
ô,Ҳô˵˳ó͵
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һСʱκȷǻδȫչɳǣʲôûУֻһĦ˹УĴţʱĦ˹ѧУڡ
Ҳ֤ѴĦ˹ôɵģɹҵĻײ̫ˣȫϵȲϣÿתһΣҵޱ㻻Ʒ֡
ö꣬ҲԸʱʵòϣ־ڹˮУʱһӾװˡ
ˣѧûмʰɶڵϣװ棬һ²۵
ռǿˣ˲֪˵Ħ˹УһУ
ɼ°ʾװãҷˮĲˣ
һתˮķϣȫžͷ¶һЦУΪЩаհҾЩһڴſڣѧһܿ
ԭɳǰνĴĦ˹֮ôġ
һϣȿô÷һѴĦ˹֮ھУſڡ
Ѿ޽ڲиɴռ䣬ɲõĲʱˮˣתأӽ޽ڡ

ѧǿܵʮͷʱٴκӦǾɽϵϣȷ˳ϵص㡣
ǾȵһСǼϣһǡ
뿪ѧУǰӦɺӣлɽҴ
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ά޵ǳɺӸ𡣡ü࣬ʱָ࣬Ǽ
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͸ЦߵſڣֶӦɺӵ֮ͨѶʱԼø硣
һ˵øۿڣִ˸ñӣס̤ȥСϵǽ

һߣΪȾߵĳ֣ӦǾʱǰδеɡ
֮ǰһ֪ʧأежϣΪǴģߵȫ룬ӦڲˣӦһһγ
ӦǾҪ뿪ûдκһˣ궼֪
ǽ𺽵ǰʮӣźŲãȺȶӦǾŸϢ˵ԼѾ̡
Ҳˣܵ
ӦǾҵ㡣
ɳǵشƫԶȲõ۶ǺӦǾɽýϲܵ
ǽòձȲϾУǽÿ˶еķ䣬رչԣαϣñӵסԼ
ͻȻͣˣҪǼȥáԱߵĳ˿ͺԱߵġ
Ƶ㿴ˣʲôȾߣжҪҿ
ˣôûǰʱ䵽ڷ贫Ա߳˿һ̾һǵЩͨ˿
ؼǱŰ꣬УûȫɳҪܳɳǽ
ðɣҾüУӶʹǰȣѾɳܶˣҲܶʧȥϣ
⵹ǣ궼ô꣬УҲǼһɣӮġ
Ÿ˿͵ĶԻ̧ѹѹñӣѵ¶һ˿ĵЦ



280 ж
λÿ,ӭ̫ǣ¶28
ۿڵĹ㲥ѭţǽ,ͷ͸񷶥գֵ˵⡣
ԭܵʯ,ǽʱ˵,˵ŵ
ǽ,ӦǾ˵,Լʲôʱ򵽣ھƵȱС
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ҺֻСǣͲ,ղͣۿڵҲֻʱһǽһתͷܼĳ˿,ΧѾ˶ӦǾȻڲ²ǲӦǾ
첽ǰ,ӦǾߣִϣҪߡ
ӦǾסһָ̣̱Ҳ΢΢̧Ҫø֪ˡ
ңͷ̧ñӣ¶Լ
ӦǾһ㶣ָ̧ⴹ䣬Լ뿪
ͣǰ档߳ȥӦǾȥ
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СʱӦǾ趨ĿĵغҲȡñӣ٣ǻʱ䷶Χڵ
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СɽеͷҪҪȿ䷿ϢǺ㡣
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Ҫܵǣʱôڵķ֣˷ֿǰɽʡ
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ٶЩ£
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Ӧν΢ĿУԹرգ̧Լ󾱣Ŀڴ⣬һƬڿա

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Ϸֻᱻ򿪣ǿԽȥڵķֻᱻٴδ򿪡ӦǾڴ֮ǰ㲻֪
Ǳڼ䣬ڵͷ⿪ţڸصˣӦǾѾӦҵء
Ǿͽжɽе


281 
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ǰ,˻Ҫ׼ñرƷβǱƷ,ʲôܴ
ӪҺԴ,ɽ׼˲ٻײ,ԷҪά޻ס
ҪҰ޻,ѡս
ɽöıԻǺ˽⣬ϾҲûо򽻵,ʵʵҪ٣
˿ǵ嵥,Ҫһֲϣ
õһֲϡɽе
ʵ,ûôЧɷ·,Ŷλ,Խ,ڻ¡
ɽкɽжһۣеɶ,˿,ˣ˲Ƕ,⻰˵ôôأ
˺ǵ,ֲҲòϣֲ¡˵ҵѡ
ԥһ,ɽѹȻòϣҪʲô
̾ûʲôòϣҲ֪ʦһҪöٲϣҪǮģԡ
ɽоȻЩͬ磬СҪɣȷʵҲò̫ϡſֵĵֻסԼֽš
ɽУС
ڰǰѻ΢Ķһ¡ҪȥԸͷδ֪ޣƱҪ뺣ҪЩ
ѣҲҪ˶ʱ䣬Ҫ滻ɡ
ϰûˣԭȸѲߵҲӦǾˡ˻ɽñȥѵԼĻ׺󣬲û뿪ǵӦǾ
ڹҿɽøǿֲϣǱ߶еǣӲȴ㣬ʺ֡
ǵĻ׸ˣӦǾȥϸں󣬲Ÿңֻһ档
תͷĻ׸ҡ
ӦǾʳָȡ»׽ָݸó滻
Ļǰӹų׵رʺ㡣
ƽһ3sָӶԣǺϸ񣬵ӦǾָͨӣƽķˡ
ʼ滻ƽվڻǰ˵һ䣺ĿǰӦûʺĻס
ûг3sף޳ҲֻǿڱԵȱٸ߼ϡ
ι󣬻ԿͷϵĲûʺõġղķֲϵ
ӦǾվԱߣڷīͫɫڰ׳ƹ£Щˣ⾲ڻױϵǸϣƲǾò˳3sϡ
зֲҪôӦǾϣ˳ڵҰ㡣
ӦǾɫ۵á
ҰѻײոķֲˣŤͷָԼеһϵƽĹήֻͣҪסԼС
áӦǾûоܾκθĶ
׸󣬼ûʲôϢʱ䣬㵽ϣּ򿪣ҪϹȥ

ԣŪ֣ɽͷźߵǴ𾪿ӦǾ
ǲ͵͵Ϊʲôоǿţһ·˳ͨ㵽ˡ
ȥɡӦǾΪжѡ
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ȫòӦǾ㿪ԣһŵͼָ汻Ȧ˳һһ鲻Ὺţ֮ǰʱյ⴦ͷӦڸ
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·ϲޣֱӹȥ졣
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ڲʦ˲١ɽеɲҲָ֮ͬ󣬲ŽеģʦһֱʦҲûҪ
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ֻʶ˴Ħ˹ǼˡӦǾȻ
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кܶˡӦǾ̧۶۾һһٵûʶ
װһĬƬɷµͷЩ˵еһкܶûʶ
㣬ӱδ

ǴʻٶȲǰСʱҪȥĿĵأ缸˱ͷ޿ܴڵĺ淶Χͣ
ȥ濴ͷ޻ڲڡǰ
ӦǾҪһȥ룬ͬˡ
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282 
ˮȫΪ˲̽ͷ촥,Ϊ֮ͷδ֪׼ͷʱײǿҲڲ,ԲҪȷĿǰ
ӦǾ뺣Ѱϴε·ǱߣȻȴδסȥ·ͷޡ
ǲ뿪ˣ,ϴնͷһĴ,תƵط
ӦǾͷŸ֪,̽Χ,ȴûκη֣֪Χʱ,Ȼܲ޵Ĵڡ
ü͸Ӵƽ,ղƺһڣٿ,ַסӦǾ
ӦǾĸ֪Խɢ,ûв̽Щ޵Ĵ,ȴһǿҵľ,һ޷ȫֵס޵ľ˲ǿƻס
û¡ӦǾ¿ƻ,,촥޲ˣͷδ֪90
ôԶľ,ͷȻܶԳ3sָӲǿ֮,Ҫܵľжǿ
ϴ֪ɽڵ
ô˵ͷδ֪ȷʵǳ3sޡɽӦǾ,ľ񹥻ܶԸ𣿡
ӦǾź棬ûлش𣬶ٴͷŸ֪֮ǰĸ֪ͷδ֪ޣѾֻܽǴ֪ڣδ֪޵ľ񹥻
̾Զź档
ȥӦǾվڼװϣ
㡭ֵ֪ܲܵסͷδ֪޵ľ񹥻οͷԽ񹥻ǿȱǿһ㣬ûʣȥٿǴͷǸʻȥ
ϣǴԽͷޣӦǾҪܵľ񹥻Խǿͷŵĸ֪Խࡣ
ɫ΢ףָȴδֹͣͷŸ֪3sķֻ֧ţӦǾȴʼһֻ֣ͷų֪Խ棬ֱ·δ֪ޡ
ͷδ֪ڳױŭȻײ棬һ
Ȼ뺣棬޴βĴˮϣǻԶǴȴʼεԶһ˷
ɽͷһˣŴ죺δ⡭̫˵㡣
е졣ɽв
ԭϴǴ˾ͷŪĶ
ӦǾ̧۵ܼˣȫ뺣
ɽٿػץסӦǾȥ˲䣬ǴˣӦǾС֣㲻ô
һ뺣Ǵ˱˹ںϣҲܸܵǹ𺳵
ŪĶǲ̫ˡɽжһˣ֪ôͷʲôӡ
ӦǾһۣƺѾȫӦͷ޵ľ񹥻
ͷڳӦǾɽȥɽں¡
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ǳ3s
ǱķΧͷڵأϴεıŹǳѵ״̬ӦǾͷδ֪޵ĻԾеóϢ
ǰʱ޳Ŀǰ״Ĳ˵ȻˣǱ㿴ǳ3sǿǳ3sǿ
˫ٶȶʱԤлҪ졣
ͷ޵ͷĲӷףΪ
һ㷽㡣ɽпǰȻ漸嵲סˡ
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ͷȷʵûдֻ֣һӴЩƾֻͣٶ̫ˡ
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ǿеˡײɽһѪ˺
һεӹȥΪ˼棬ȻεͷޱƤ󣬱㵯˻˿ڡ

ֽĵ񣬴δ˹ֻǿͷޣھͱˡ
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ʱеɽе£һͼ˦ͷ۾ϣͬ˦ˣ޺ˣŭſҪҧ
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٣ɽԭΪվܰȫһתͷѪƨɺ棬һ䣬̼ӴȣϷȥͷ޾ȻԽ档
ˮ棬ſͷ޵ʵĿ
ƾͷ֮ǰ屩¶󣬸һӷ׸УΪǱ͹йء
˼䣬ɽѾԽԽߣͷҲѾʼ䣬һβĴںϾôˣԾ棬£֪ʲô
³ʾɽעˣʱѾ̫࣬ǰӦǾȥٿ޳סƽԼסˡ
ˮһһİӿں·ɽֱӱȥ˺üͷ˳㳬ӦǾ
ײתɽмǿؿһĻʣȶκ󣬻ȥ˳һָӣʵ֣ΪʲôҪǰ棿Ҿ㿴ӦǾ

㶣һʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲôá
ֻǵҸ֪⡣ӦǾ
ɽп˿ˣȻҲǣ岻̫ãȷʵҪע⡣
ɽɽɱӻСصȼûܵ˺ӦǾһֱ¶ڴǰ
ˡת
ӦǾͷеĵѾֵȻڡ
վ󣬺Ȼǰס֣֪ȫֵ֮ϣԼȫסһø֪Ʒ
á
ɽкɽͷſ졣
ͷˮȫſڣֻǰڶ幥ɽ¡޷ֻܽɽУһμŭ
ɽ޹ԼɽƵͷٴ˦ӹȥ۾
ĵ̾Ȼֱӱˡ
ɽУ
˲ñӵ£ʱƴ֮ǰѪڵвǵã
ȻͷޱŭҪҧɽС
ͬһʱԾˮ棬ֱͷ޵ĿУ֪סֵ򦡣
ɽһ߷һ룺δ̫ӦǾˣŴڼֱͬԨҲҽ
̲סͷȥǰĻɽȻһ
ĵûãɽгϸӦǾ󺰣̲
ӦǾڲԶ֪ȫͷ޵Բ޶Ǿ񹥻ʱҲѧϰƵĲȥƸ֪ޡ
ͬʱҲҪۣȥ̫ѨĽ⣬и֪С
ԼɽеĻײӦǾգգģ۾ƺܿǵڰӰһȫ֪
һΣǹͷޣǿơ
Ҫסͷޣܹ
ԭƾУӦǾҪͷޣɼѶߡ
ѪӦǾ֪ҧסտڵ뺣棬ֻһͷſ


283 
޴Ӱ׹,޴ˣɽڸ߿գųº,нû뵽ֵ޷̴
3s޵ʲôµĴڣ
ڲǴ򲻴Ĺ޷ͷ˺
ɽи,ӦǾô죿
¡ӦǾĻ,Ѿҡҡ׹,ֻ˿ӿ,ɽòδ쳣
֪סͷ,ӦǾǿԽ֪,һ˿ܿļ
Ӵɱ֪ͨӦǾҪе˼ײ,ӦǾַڹ,֪ԴԴϴȥ,һָֻϡ,ɱѰʶ
ͻȻһϸ˿ͬͯĴ̶޴컺ſһ,ǶԿʲô,±˻ȥ
ſһ㣡ͷûȫȥɽչ۲,̶·ӦǾ
ȿȡȡײڣӦǾѹֵؿ˼,ȥߵѪٿظ֪ѾЩǰ,ֻŸ֪ܡ
ĴѾƽֻʣͷ޲ͣں֮ɵİӿ
ɽһֱ޸óȻ棬ļŭͷޣɸ˺
ʱƣͷ޺Ȼ죬֮ǰΪĽľڵֿӦǾĸ֪Ȼȴʧˣֻһ߷Уһ˳ſ졣
ɽгƽӽŴ죬溰
Ӧ
ɽлͷһǿŵӦǾҧҪȥȴ޳ͷ޿д˳
ɽеԥʵ޳̫ǱˣǶãȱһ飬һ顣
ҳˡɽУֱӦǾǱ߹ȥĸ֪״̬˶ҪС
ӦǾѹס֣ҳˣѸ֪ˣߡ
ӦǾʶѾ̫ѣֻҪһո֪ƱҪ⵽ͷ޵ķ񷴻
ٿ޳ŻƽӦǾ뿪
Уߣɽ͵ӹ棬ɽ̳һֻ֣סա
˸޷ųǴֻܿŻԶ뺣棬һֱͷ޵ϢΧҵһƬ½أϰ
ʱӦǾ˸֪Ҳԡ
ͷû׷
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ӻײڳֽӦǾ˳ߵѪȻͣ٣ְ̧øɾιһƿӪҺڻƽϢ
һҵĻס˵仰󣬱תȥ޳
Ǳʴˣɽվ󣬿޳ϵ𻵺ۼʵ
ͷ
УУҪĻƷãܶʱ˻ѾȻȴ
ǽθˣ
ɽеһȫҲ취ȥԸͷޡ
ùһһ㽫ǱϵҺγߵʴѣȥ߶ûˡ

˿ԣ֮ǰõˣźš
ӦɺӴȥܿˡ
Ӧɺӻڹңû뵽ͨѶʱ㣬Ѿ
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ʯͷڻױĵطմϵҺŪ˶ãʯͷ뻯ˮһ㣬ˡ
ȷе˵Ǳʴˣֻûֳ港ʴݻ
ûƵĸʴԲϣʡ
ӦɺüﻹʣһʯͷҺĻҲʴˣ
ͷ޿еҺӵеʯͷҸղˣĲϻȫᱻʴ
⻹һμôĸʴҺӦɺӶ޲ϵ˽Ҫ
ͷҺӦɺʡ
ҡͷᣬֻпǻڱڲŻҺ
Ӧɺһѹǯַ£ʣΪʲôմǻڱڵҺ
ͷƤ̫ӲҿǻڱںҪһ㣬ͽȥˡ
ʧˡӦɺӡžؽǯϣо
ڱҲӲҲֵҲ̲ץһͷҵҺŪûˡ
⻰һͨѶӦɺӳĬˣԱɽкɽж˹
ʲôеûˣ
ҪȻǻǻȥˡɽͷգоֻΪͷ޵Ŀ
Ӧɺط˷ϣתҺĵͻ׻ˣĸʴҲû취
ͷǿǻڻƤ㹻ǿͣ԰סҺҺ
ǲϳӦɺӾҺǿ̫ˣȻƽ⣬ҲһƽУһ򲽣ҲܽʹãǲڿǻУΪʳ
ӦɺԶɳǣֻ۾Ҫϸ۲ҺζɫܶȡԼʴٶȡ
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ҺɫһֻɫһʼΪ񼫺ֻɫʣϸ۲ҺֻҺͺɫֶ޹ء
ͬϸʴٶȷʵ᲻ͬӦɺӼ¼˵ʱ䣬üеݣе֡
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ӦɺӶԼղżݣЩʴٶȵе졭΢ȵȡ
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ҺȻġӦɺӰԼ鵽ĶʴҺҺҺʴϵٶȺЩϸʴٶһģһ
һԣʲôϵҺ丯ʴʦʵ֮¼մҺէһܸʴһУٷֿԣȴָʴĳЩضٶȺЩҺٶһ
ɫһױɻɫӦɺӶ޳ҺҪȫ֪ȥʵҼ顣
˹
ʱ޿ǻУΪֵʧǻڻ£淭ճһɫҺ޳ۿɼٶȿʼʴæûҺĵطõγϵҺ
Һǳ߰˰ˣֵѾˣʱΪ˽Ѷ档
Ҫٽȥ
ڲܽȥӦɺ̽ŵ˹Һ޳סٽȥֻˡ
˱ˣпܳ
ģڲȥȵѹЦһŤͷӦǾȥ
øˣӦɺӸշµ
֪͸֧ͷ3sޣҲܴ͡
ӦɺüϸߣΪʲôһҪȥԸͷޣ
ûг3sĲףЩҲֻܷӳ3sʵӦɺӵҪͷޡ
ӦɺȰסֻܵСġ

һֱȵӦǾѹ˵ӦɺӵƲ⡣
˹ҺӦǾվ̫ѨȻŽѹȸУ̵ȳȥ


284 ϳͿ
ڻȥɽв,ֻʮļڣ
ڣʱ
ҽڣʦ١
ӦǾ̧,Ԥ˵3212Ǹм
֪,һۿǽͣڡ
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ʱ,ӦǾ֪ͨˣرճڷ֣ǳûϢֱǵʵңҪоԱһ޵Һ,ֻǹȥ֮,ŷû豸
ʵֻǸ޵Ĺо,ûôרҵ豸оԱ͵ڵĶȥ۶ǣǱߵ豸ȫ,ȥǶԡ
ǻǵ۶ǶԶ,Ǵ߹ȥ,Ҫϼʱ䣬ỹҪʵ
ʵҺɽʣȻڳǵľۼأǺڳûоԱʵ飿
һʳɽкɽˢˢӦǾ,ǶȻˣɴûˡ
ÿˡ̧ǰ˻ӣ֪
ɽã
ɽͼװɵ֪ʲô
֪Ƕ֪ڳǶľۼءֱ˵

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ڳǶľݵ㣬ΪȾߵĴڣÿһڳʵҺ͹۲ңֻ£ֻ֪ɽΪ3s֮һ
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ӦǾӳڣһֱɰţɫ԰ף˵᲻ʡ
ֻǸ֪Ĺ󡣡ӦǾϢһʱ㡣
㣬ϲͣϢȫǽ漸˷ģʲôֻȺ˵һû£治š
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ƵͨѶĸھǰ
˵û£Ѿˡر˽ǿΧ˳̧ӦǾǱƣøҲû¡
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Ьˡɽźۼվھǰʣ޳ײϹѾ3sǲϹȥ㱸á
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ɽϵ۶ǱߣͲһء
Ǽھǰ˵ͣЦЦȻʾͣײҪҺĢҲܼãԸ˷ѣȥڳʵҼҺĳɷ֣֮ôԸޡ
޵˵ˣǿһγɹˡɫҪʱϵǡ
֪˿ߵӦǾȹˡ

ƵҶǰϡӦɺֹϧźһϣĻѾ
Ǹ黹ͦǰɽлص
֣Ȼ㡣
ɽö⣬ӵ˭Ҳ֪ŶΪֻǻѵ֪ҲֻᱻϴλУַˡ
⣬ɽв̾˭֪ôʱ䣬ƶ᲻ˡ
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ںڳҲеȼȨޡɽվڵˢ
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һ߳ȥһȫͬȫͨһһʵҡ
˲ֻ࣬и߾оԱ⣬ƽʱҲᶯȥֻиڳཻʱŻῪų롣ɽһ·ͣܿ˹Ҫǳʾݡ
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ת䡣㸺˵Ȩ޼ߣΪҪ֪޲ԡ
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ɽýŲһ٣ɽгһǣЩֵĸȾ߻ᱻ⣬оǶԸȾߵĺܶϢԺڳʵҡ
ߵʵңɽоԱ˵⡣
ҺоԱһϳܲȿ
óװҺĺӣ⣬ֱʴһ㡣
ռжܸʴоԱʱȤ
ϸ˵˵ҺԣʣҪܳ
²ļ⣬ܳоԺֲͬķʴԲϣȻһָʴ
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С
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Ϣķ̸϶ݻеĶУϴڴϰû˯ţȥӦǾ뿴ôˡ
ÿź󣬿΢ѪɫĴȻ֪Щʲô
ӦǾ򿪷ţ˺һ
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һνӴ֪ܵޣȷʵ֣һΣ
վӦǾ棬úǿš
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ȻȥˣкҴ뿪
ӦǾûһ
վԭذΣתţ棬˵һ䣺

磬оԱ˼˳庰ǹ
ûҺ˹ϳɵġоԱг˾ޣ֪ôˣ֮ϳҺԸʴϾ󲿷ַʴĲϡ
Ҫʵûа첻Һʴף
ʶˣоԱ˷ܵ˵󣬾һֱ룬Һ˵ʲô
н𣿡ɽʡ
оԱ㣺УȻ˹ϳɣ涼ϤĸʴҺͲѽҲԺϳһͿϣҺзʴ
Ҫãʵ
оԱ㣬˹ҺȻֿĳɷֶнĲϣֻǺϳͿҪһʱ䣬Һʵϼš죬
졭
ԣ֮˹ҺʴͿ㡣
ϡоԱ˷ܵ

רҵ£˶˽⣬ֻţڼӦǾȥ漸˹䡣
оԱźȦǹ˵ҺʵϼֻҪʴУʵĻͿ㡣
ֺĹʵңΪǻ׼Ϳ㣬ͬʱά޳
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285 
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ʵ½ֻüһͨ3s,ǵĿѾնɱͷ,ɴ̽ʲô⡣
εļƻȻɽſڣȥɽУӦǾһ,ſ죬˳
ǰ档ӦǾ˵ûäĿͷŸ֪,̽ͷλĺ󣬱ջظ֪
ɽȷɹȥϿտź棬Ȼͷ˻
磬ôˣɽʡ
ͷڲԡɽе,ޱҧȥ,ûз,һ֮ǰޱǱˡ
ֱֻҪԴޣܱ㴦ƽ״̬,ͷڡ
ôĶ,ҿڿ϶ڡɽпԶ,ǻҪ𣿡
ӦǾȥǽȥһСʱ֮ٿͷޡ
ȻЯƶźţԽͨѶ׼ڲ֮,Ҫȷʱ䡣
ӦǾ˵á
ٴβ֣ɽиȥˮٿر˦ͷڲͷûע⵽㹥æʳܱޡ
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ǡץסڱڣ̶ԼλãֻиǻڣҺסˣΪʳԭ򡣡
վڣűһǻڣиܼһ޵ĭȻɫҺǡ
ʳأɽлʡ
Ȼ˹ҺȻ˷Žġ˶ֵȻҲԼȥġ
ǽȥɽеͷԼ¼Ϳ
ͷζʱǻƽȣֻˮǻᣬеҵ
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һ֮źű϶ֱϿ
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ٿػ׽ҺУճǰʱޡ
˷͸ЩҺǽ˻ײڣǰƵٶԽԽ죬ܸоûоͷ

ǻʮӣͨѶɽмûзʲô
Ϊùԣֻܼײ״
֪ǰУٶٴҺƣж硣
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ӻײڳ˰죬ָָӦǾҡ㡭Ϊ˲ʹø֪Ͳˣȥˡ
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ӦǾһɽеջָ֣Һеţûͳˡ
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ԭͲֻȥһΣûʲô
˵ʮʱ㻹ϣҪǰ㵹Լܳˡɽȫ޷⣬ôҲҪƿ˵
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ʹǸؿһȥš󣬲¶Կ׿ס
ҪİԿףɽпԿ׿׵ôأʲô
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ǰԿףӦǾʱš2Сײ
ʱӦǾΪǵڶʵҵ˼еʵģʵңڿָܿڶš
ͷǰԿңһаѡ
ɽѾˣе㸴ӣô޶еţôպﻹԿף
ӦǾǻȱѡ
ʹǾƬϻҲ
ӦǾĻ
ڹǷҺĢʱ칫лơϻƺƣͷǰԿڼȹʾڷֵģԭӦǼȲĶˣԿ׽ȥ
ɽʺţʲôʱڼȹʾӷֵԿף
ʱǲһȥιۣôԿףǻ֪
ӦǾкȻ˵Ц⣺ڼȹʾٵǣ
ɽӦǾĻʱͷţǴΰȥǲȵ㣿
ȭôأ촿ǻžȥιۼǰʾӡ
ɽСšιʱ١
˵ɽк֪ܽʣΪʲôǾͼȶᱻǴĦ˹У޶ߣ
˵÷Щ˵ǾͼôҺĢԿ׶õˣ
װĪžԵ֡
ٴγβ޻Һ⣬Կġ
ɽȫûͷȥ֮ӦǾڼȹʾõԿԼʱҺĢ̡
ζᵽǰӦǾ˼Ƭ̵ȻԿ׷ڼȹʾӣԿ׷ǰʲôط
ȫɼ̫ˡ
֪Ȼһط


286 һ
Ħ˹֮ӦǾʡ
˻,Ϊ֪ǵĹʾӣΪԼڻŵʱġɼ࣬Ǻ˽,ÿһҪҲҪ
Ψһ,ԶɣǱǴĦ˹֮
ϴĦ˹֮һռ,װɲҪĻ׷ϡ
ճ仰һӦΪʲô֪Ħ˹֮зϣɲҪ,ӦǾȴֱʣǰоƬϷʲô
ǵȼԭԽӿں󣬺ӦɺӵĿγ̲̫һͣǸĦ˹֮ɵͰ
˭ܵΣʱ̸ͷҴӵǿĴĦ˹УĴĦ˹֮,ɸͰ,װϵġ
侲ӦǾĬƬ̳пԿ,һԿ׻ѶǱߡ
ɡȣһʦϽֱ
һóһֽ,Կ,ڼȹʾǱһֽ
ӦǾӹдһ仰ֽ,һȻͽһֽϵĻͼ֡
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۶ǵĺڳӦǾ΢΢üǸطӴʼһֱա
һ㶣ûά޺ãǴɽȥ۶Ǻڳһ䣬ˣ˵άУûڻάޡ
άޡӦǾ֪һ飬һأЩ˽ͣڳ
ά޵˵Ǻڳɡ
۹վϵϵˣȥѰԿס
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ϽֱΪʷͻƴʦ˻ףƺûĴΨһĴϵˣƳҩ
ǵãҽ˵ӦõҩȲϼҵҩϧϼҵҪҲϵĻʦá
Ҫȥϼҡ˼Ƭ̣ҿϵФȥ
ӦǾʼϰͨæȻô˵ˣûٿڡ
ͨѶȥʱФڼУһϳˣһ߳ʳ֭ʮ⡣
ФŹ֭۾һ̨ĻҲû˭֮ѶУˣΪʲôԱãͨǰԱĻµ򣬽ͨڹĻϣһڹֱ֭˳
ФžͷǰˣͨѶʲôϵܺ𣿡
УˣܻͨѶ˶Ǻѣܿϧ̳ûкѣ˭档
еæֱ˵
ФһˣûҲһҪæ
˵ɣʲô飿Фˣûˡ

ûٶܻλ̳˽̳֮󣬼ô졣
ҪһԿףܲܰæȥϼңóһԿףܲĳϼұȽдԵĵط
ʲôԿףФһӦǿԣһץˣҹ
С
ӦˣɽмҶͨѶʡ
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Ӧɺӵ˳ȥʱҹĹ㳡ҲûˣڴĦ˹֮Χתתһôͼҳ
ѽ涼ɵģԶһѾ޽ȴʰ쵵ĸַѹɵĽ
ҽΪѽĵģ֮ǰ˹һΣɼڲ˼õĸʩû˷ڲǿĵġ
Ӧɺת˼Ȧûڽֿ˵ǰ˽ĳ˸ĿԼ˿¾ǹԿĿԼߡ
Ӧɺͷ˴Ħ˹֮Ľ˰ΣȻڽ˿
һɫķϸǣӦɺƿܼťȥ֮󣬽㿪һڣȫܽȥȻҲ´ࡣ
ɽѸӦɺվһһͬ̽ͷȥ

Σɽµνϣ
ǹȻȣδⶼ̫ˡ
ӦɺѾ˵ˣ˫۷⣬޲ȥȫϡвϣܶϼû˵
һֱǱϢôˣӦɺһ侲µĲϣвٲǸʱ֣֮ʧġ
µģɽʡ
ӦɺӵͷǸʱеˣĦ˹֮ôϡвϲ˷֡
СȥӦɺЩϡвϵĳ嶯ͻɽһԿס
ԿôСĶӡӦɺӣһʲôط
⣿ɽָŴĦ˹֮ڱһ
ӦɺŤͷȥڱڿһ仰ǿģǮġ

ȷ˵Ļ
ӦɺǾ仰Ȼǿĵ
оİ죬ڰաǿ棬һǶ룬պþ仰ĳȡ
һԿףͬʱһš
ӦɺӺͻɽһۣһһ
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װġǸȾߵţȥ֣һ˶ûˣȻøȾһһ쵽ڸʲôˣˡҵţϲֳ˲֮ĴϲһиȾֶҲָӣ֪޷Щ߼Ⱦߣܷ˫sµ⣬߲һиȾߣǱΪݾߣҾǰһ֪гЩ֪ĸȾߣҲиȾһֱڳȥǵˡϣŵ3sϵָӣʦҲУ㱳ЩҲû϶Ƕõģȫ3sϵĻסŶ3sϣ֪ԭ3s̫ˣϳ3sи߸֪ĴڣϣЩЩ˷֣ȾߵġȻǸȾߣ浱ҷƨ֮ܶϣزˣԿ׵ô^_^
ţĬΣɽǰ˵Կ׵ôǵĸȾ߷֡
ҺǷˡӦɺӡ
Щô죿ɽʡ
ˣһ͹ȥӦɺӡ
á


287 Ʈ
۶ǡ
ͼڳ,գȻά޵ıƣֻһ๤ɨ
߹ȥ๤,۶ûʲǫ̂ȡ
ʲǫ̂๤ֻ˵Լ֪
һ,󼧳ѹڳ̨Ǳĵطûֱ
๤̧ϸǣȻ󣺡а
Ȼ,۶Ǻڳرһ꣬һµһݡ
ɳǡǶкڳȫȥ๤һһٵ
ꡢ
๤һ,羯Ƭ˰ɡ
˱ոֻܵ뿪
๤뿪ıӰ
ΰϵ·ǽѥӼ۸񶼷,һӵܳľУ,ڳ׬̨ѣϡȱĻײҲ,
ôǾæʵ
ڳһ๤⣬,ܻл
ղȥ,ΪıǴܱ̽,ԭƻõɽõȨޣܽȥԴͨѶȻûнյڳȨޣԲǰ̽,͵͵ȥ
ֱӰļΣٽȥ˾ͽεѡ
ĿҵԿףǽȥˡ
ڼ䣬ɽ÷id֤ͨ꣬˵ǿԽ۶Ǻڳ
ʵid֤ͨɽģԭԼȨޣοid֤ȴû뵽ǵĶָ̬ӡ
Ӧν֪ɽȥǼƻնɱ޵ģ˵ͨѶʲô
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ڵйҺһӦνǵĻ󣬼һ˲²⣬ǹµġ
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ްidǣ۹Уӱĸõ۶Ǻڳĸȥ顣Ӧνֱӵѻ٣㵱ԿףѼ֮߱ǰĴߡ
ӦǾΪܻʲô־ڡɽе֮ǰƽͼҲܿ췢֡
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һиŶԷ߽һͻȻѳһͨ
ǵĵһ㣬ǰƽͼһЩƬǿԡʱֻе͵㣬ڳһ㣬½ġԷһһ߽ܡ
ӹֽʵͼϵ£һĲ㡣类ջ٣ԭǾưɴƵĵط󱻸˺ڳĵһ㡣
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ΪأԱߵĹǾ
ǾҲǹ֪˼
𣿰˵Բ²һ¹˼˾ͽϴιµҺĢĦ˹УҵˣҲͦڵġ
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һͶ˸飬ƬҲأȻûκֻܴӦǾͨѶ
վԱߣźʹĦ˹У漸ͨ绰
ոսӵǵϢ˵ǹҵԿףһϡвϡҪ˵һٶˡ
ʦһߺǺǣһ׼ٵӡ
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ǵƽͼеƬƽͼϣȷʵֺڳĽṹ൱ƬǷʱٰһЩƿƬ
ƿд󲿷ֶͨЩǾУ֮ģûʲôرġ
ڶƬ١
ڶƬƬʾǾٰʲôᡣÿжżƿƣǾƿ⣬Ӿۻǵ¾ٰġӶ࣬϶ٴͶ׵ķ߿
ǱǽϵıڻһָĻ
⻭ϴССָͼɽӦҵķţġ
ڳûңԿõĲϿԱΣͶȼߡָŻ
Աһ㸺Ҫ⻭ŵһ㣬ûյΪڳϲþмǿķԢ͹ҴȥˡǸղŴһͨģû

ʲôеȫѹ
̸ȥһڣȥѻȡֱȥ
𣺡
ȡԿ׵ӣõΧ⣬ָһһѹɶĸо
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ʱĪһͨѶеӦǾҵˡ
ȻİԿҵˣϼӦûԿסФ
ʱ䣬ФѾȥһʱˡ
ͨѶȥûнӣüϢԿѾҵˣϼûС
˿̰װǣϼҡ
ФϼҲ԰ӽ࡯
ӽӵͨѶФѾʼˣ߼һϼҸ԰Ĺݣҡֱӽȥˡ
һȥͱҪ˽ӪϣФǴ˵еĽ࣡
ߴͰﶼ֪Щʲôġ
Ϊ÷쳣ФֻűӾҵҵ԰ĵؽӪϡ
ֲ˳ôܳФʮɻǼҵĲ˾ˮģԶ
Фͬҡҡϼӣ˶ֻܳ֡
ģԱߵĹФűʵ
ԣФ
ˣֶϰˣ㽽Ҳϰߵġ
ФһڿҿҽӪϣһߴ򣺡ôãûйϼʲôԵĽʲô
ʲôʲôԷһԺ
ǡϼʲôرĵطФ֯һԺʵ
ûУƽʱͲ԰Ӻסתȥϼ档
ФԼƭ˵ϼҵ߶ûϵ
׸ФųԷĿ϶ֱլ
ΧģФèĴϼʲôرĵط
һȦϼǮû٣ױһ࣬һĬԼ£·Ĳһ
ФΪһ͵ҪΣ֣ġﵽ棬ͳԶġ
ϷšӦ˵
ФֻԼԼһ
ꡭ
Σա
ֻϷ˵һ仰
԰ڸլԶƮˡ


288 ٴʧ

ФͷԼϵζ,Ȼŵһ޵ĳ
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Ф㷴θ³ˣͷѹס
Ϸûã˳ĵطȥ,Ф,ȥȻӦԿףڿӲҵԿס
ȻҲֻܻȥˡ
Ҫ߳ȥ,Фز԰Ǳߣһȥչȥͱס,Ҫˡ
ǣ粻ǽˣФֻؼϴ軻ϸɾ·Ȼˮ
ʱû˵Ļ𣿡ͽ̸Ľ˹԰ӵĲ,ҪӪ,ÿҪΡ
ФʲôҪôӪ
Ͳ,ϼǻʦ˵ĳԴöȿ϶ͨ˲һ˹˿϶Ӫḻ,רʦ,Ը֪кô,˵֪
ôõ£һԲ˾֪ФƲƲ죬ֹôõ£ֵõϼ,Ҽˡ
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ûʲôФԼֽ˿žͲóԣûԹóԵĲ𣿡
˵ǳԡ˹ףҾЩУԵĲ˿϶ǲһ
һǲƯ㡣ФԽ˹˼ά̫⣬Լδƻ룬˵Ҹ˵ʵһֲˣǼҵĲ԰ӾͲ⣬ˮģģԸ֪ûʲô
˹Žɡ
㲻ţҸһФŵ
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һФŽ˹ɵ񣬵Ŀڣ˸Ƽױܱ¶ԼݣͨѶŸңҡҼ͸㡣
׵õĺô˹ȻӦ˵Լյ󣺡Իڹأ֮ٸ
ǽʱ˵ĹԶܣͳһŽڡ˵Ϊǰ͵ѧϼһʦļ˹ᱻʱսɹԡ
ФԼĹϽˡ
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Фһ㶣̫ðɣ˼ҵĲ԰ӣ첻ˣȥֲ˱ȽϺã̫ˡ
ǲ԰ô͵͵һûϵ˹СֵԵҲź˵ģˡ
ФһμˣȰû֪ĲˣӪҺûУǵֻģҪ֪ߣǻͻ䣬͵ǳ˸ʲôһϼҿܳԶֲˣӲŲʹġ
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ûʲôرĶǼҶˣ԰ˡФ²۵
ȷûǡ԰ǡ԰Ƭ̺ʣΪʲôȥϼҵĲ԰
ҵԿˡФԼһ԰ࡣ
лˡ
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ҵԿף˱ŵ۹УӺʹĦ˹Уӵ˸Ϲ
ڼյϢȥˣڰڵµףˣ治̫ƽѾһ룬ʱ϶ж
֮ǰӦǾҺõɶûϡ
Ӷִǣǻϡ
Կ׶ӦǾȥӦɺӴĻײϣܶû˵
·Ұе϶ˣѾһˡӦɺӵ㿴Щõϵġ
Ħ˹֮Ļʹ󣬹ֱӰǰڳȥѸϡвȥӦɺӵ˵ѽˡ
вϵ;˽һ飬ŴϣʵܳƵϳ3sĲϻ٣ȫû취һ̨Ļס
ǻϲԺ֮ǰ޳ܱȽϡûҪʣµģȫӦɺӡ
ĳ3sϣûԼãɽеĻϡ
ϲʺ޳
ȻӦɺӺ͹ǾˣʣµĲǶĻ׽滻ϣ˻ܵõһ
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޲֪ǲΪǼƻԲϵһֱſڡ
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еȫ뺣ͷ޵ͷɽôͷҲС
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ģδ̫ˣšĴ˿̾
óİԿףͷˣʾԶһ㣬ԷⷢšԲ͹ٽİԿײԿ׿ڣһһš
źȻ򿪡

ԼʱһӦǾſڣ˳
һӡ
ſ𣿷ʲôˣɽǰʵ
ſˣһˡ
ʱŴ򿪺滹Ĺؿһսģգȥ֮󣬷Ҫ3sܴ򿪣ڶָӲ֪ܿΪͬó3sָӲſԡ
һһȥӦǾ
֪ôʣôΡ
û¡˿üӦǾ⼸Σҵ֪ˡ
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࣬һ΢Ǳһ㡣еİԿף棬ȥ
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ӦǾûзϡ


289 3sоƬ
,ͷɵ˲ԣȻٷŭӦǾЧ
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һſ,ӦǾԼɽ̽ȥš
ôȥվӦǾԱ,ʵ
ղͷһǵϢ㿪ʼ񹥻ӦǾסеֱһ֮ʹø֪޴ԡ
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3sָӽٶȼ,ӵһ,ӦǾѧദ֪Ը3sޡ
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İԿײ,źȻ򿪣ǽ󣬴ˡ
ôģɽĴ˿оǾȣȻڿյ,ֻĽṹôҲ벻Ȼһͷޣ޻ںС
һ֮ǰͨˣֱߣڶǰֻһȥӡɹ˷ȥӡסϴȵȫһΣûκηӦΪͬǻʦһصȷҪ3sָӲС
ӦǾվڵڶǰַӡУͷŸ֪ȥ
Ƭ̺ӦǾվԱлأҪ֪ƴ
⿪Ҫ֪ʵָӲ۸ӳ̶ȣһ3sָ겻ˣȴɸ֪Ĳƣȴһӡסۺ϶ԣֻг3sָӲ
ӦǾø֪żвתһȦסĽṹٿƸ֪ʵͬʽȥƻء
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һûмŽȥǵݸӦǾӪҺȥ΢󣬲ȥ
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ʶһϣЩҼƷõĲϣ3s
ôһϡɽпڵĲϣ׵һֱֻۡ
ģֱָָ͡м䰼ȥĳι
ȻأΪľҪ3sָӺͻʦһܴ򿪡
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Ϥˣǰ3212ûǮϣǴڼЩ֣òǮٿ˵ϣһ̨սͻףһˡ
ͣûй̶ֻҪǳ3sģͱС
Ҳһó3sһ̨ĻףȻֻģͻףòʱ˼أ˰վһԿš

ˡû˷ڵĲϣȫˣһ̨ͻף׷ڳС
ͻȻмɨӦǼ׳ݵĻʮң׺Ȼ³ʧڼҰУʮ벻·򿪣ױ˳
ûкϸ񣿡ɽԥʵ
ʱһ˵ȻĵŶˣѵоˣǸȾߡܰɣҪ𰡡ˣкϡвϣǼǰרŸ3s׼ģȻҲ˵㣬л
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ӦǾ߽ȥӴ򿪣ȫͽָû룬ֻҪһܿ嵥
Щûɽǰ嵥ʦǱм𣿡
֪óȥǾӦӡӶǹ̶ģֻͽָ
õĹУ൱һֵͽָڽġ
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Ȼǽȥˣͷ޻εǲֱӺͷ޶Կ
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ͻ˲һƣҪǳǱ߸ȥתӿ
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̲ܺϣתȥôˣ
ˣǻײϡȥ١
ջǾͷޡ
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ͽָڵ嵥ܺãײϷֱ潻ӦӺǾ
溰óһоƬһзֵģ㿴
ӹӦҪԽӣϡ
һȥ˱סˡòŻ񣬶˶ģų
ɡȡĴСԽӣڳ3sʦݡ
һ3sʦУζλʦǳ3s
ҲֻˡǾ
˭˼ǳ3sʦء
Ȼǳ3sʦݣھѧˡ
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û˷ԣоƬˣҲֻ
´Խӣȥ档
ѡ˵Ľ̵ݣΪоƬֻɵݣ漾ȼ˽е֪ʶ档
˵ɵ֣زģ֣бױʼǡ׽ṹȣбвƵ

ŤͷվڵһλѶܾõˡ
ӰŤͷһǿ˵㣬ҲǮѵӦѡң۹ⲻС

ֻʮңԭôѿʼ׼ˡܺķʽ࿡߳ȥӦǼˡ
ȿɹڻײϵıʼǡѵʦ֪ܲʶ֪ʧˣȰǿסˡ
ͻȻЦЦⲻ˵ݣѧѧıʼǡ
Խײϵıʼǣɨ˼ۣ㷢ԭָȫʶĲϣЩϺˡ
ͬһѸټȡ֪ʶһһ


290 ͣװ
һͨ,оԼֻصڴĦ˹Уĺһ¾ȥɵĲϣһȶԼĻײϡ
ôˣӦɺһͷòϷȥš
һ,̧ͷоƬڿɹڳ3sϵļ,мȺ͹ıʼǡʦǲʧ˺ܶϣ
ӦɺҡͷûǵĴһֱڣΪ̫ûг3sʦ,Щһֱ档
ҲˣӦǾ
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иȾڰжϴСӦǾ˼
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˭Уֵģ
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ͿʼˡӦɺӵҲǻʦФĻ̬ӡ̡
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µĲӦ¡ɽеǲ֪ʲôΪȾߣһɫϣԸΪȾߣը/˭Ҳ֪ʲôը
綨ڼ⣬Ǵڸ⣬õİ취ǽɫĿǰͷյϢٵÿ3sһֱڰǰС²֤һֱʮǰӦνͬʼǣǺǵƬƵȾ߶Ϊ˷ˡͬΪ漰ҵܹ࣬ڲ£ʮġ
ȻҲֻڵĵزȫ鲻ɫ͸Ⱦߵôġ

˵ִװǣԭֱȥңȻͣ½ŲͷŸ۴ʵ˷׷׿
ָŸ࣬۾Уǽһϣٹһڰװǣ⼸ܶƲȥҪҪȵǣ
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ܼҰ˲š
Ҳó׼һѳԵģǾǸ׼ġФ룬־òԣ۾УУҲڣ
ܼͷڣ
Феˣϸ룬ӦҲûʲôŭԹ°ɣаˣҲɽкɽѵ£Ҳû۾У˰
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Ӧͬѧϲʲôھó

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ʲôФָŸŴëФʲô
ФǰҪȥ·ڼ˳ְϵĴëһѳ


ȫž
˴Ӿ㣬ҲûжΣĳ̳˾ϲָĿ㣬Ӿ㶼Źɫɧǰ滹иͷ
ФԼأ°æҡ
ҪȻ㻹Ǽϵëһѡ
Ф


291 291²õԤ
,ⰲοФΪ飬Ҳǵһˡǹͷֵͦġ
˿ФѾ·ڴǰ,ĸӡ
ԭҪ޸Ļ,ФʵϲģúӣڼУ˶վ,ۿڵӾ㡣
Ǹ׶ѣûҪһһɡФһתƻ,ͦµġ
ʱһΪʲôФǻ˵
;ʱڰװͣڴǡǾ͵
˵ԲˡФЩУ,ǵһôӵľУǼ,е۹Уˣ
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Фӵ߶ӵĽţһգʾҪ˵Щ
ɽ̧ͷ,ң
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ģϼҵĲ԰̫ˡФűӵһùŴͳķˣڶרŵӪǼҹŰС
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ҪǮФ쳣ϵ
ѡ
ǰĲԸȾߵģûǮ
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аɣáФԥԥ
ҪףƱҪһʱѵݣФԼеѵм¼ܷ㡣
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Фһ˵ûʲôԵĵطûдԵľҲ԰һ㶼㲻Ǽڲ԰ｽһ죬ֱ춯ء
ʶһ˹ΪҵĲʲôФĻû˵꣬ӦǾͽȺӵͨѶ
˵עҲФתƵӦǾͽǱߡ
ӦǾȹҶͨѶɨһȦ˵ѾоһжǶıʼԵ311֡
ɽкɽлȻһ
6͵7ҶͨѶ
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ô˵ƽͨԺȫΪһжǶģɽбЦˡ
ǵĶİοѾǧٿ׵ĵزġ
6͵7ļΣɽʵ
6ϴλй¶߲7ȥѹҲԱӦǾͬ
ʲô˼ǶԶĴ취˾ͽûȫӦ
оΪƽͨԺǱŵף˿ʼǶԱԵ
ɽд̨վЩǿһУܲм١ϡоƬйš
ҲоΪ6͵7ȾȨˣϸȾࡣӦǾٴɨɫ󣬲˵Ŀǰһ۵
ФԱϡͿģȫ֪۵ĵģ֪ʳˣɽõΪʲôַô
ˢˢФ֪ɽǶҵĲϸףһȺҲλ֪顣
ΪǾǶɽֱӵ
Ф㶵ءŶһ
6͵7ѾԶսɽõǹȥװˡ
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ƽͨԺʵûϵƽͨԺӣ
ϵǡӦǾһڿװǣ֮ӰͨѶźš
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ֻȥФԣٿҪ
ФոսӹͨѶˡ
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Ф˽ͨʱĻϳһѪܵһ
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Է֪ʲôŨصľҪֹҶͨѶȴûֻܴӺ˻ƹ漸Ļһġˡء
һˣФˣ㣬˹磡ʱģ
澵ͷһƬ谵
ɱͨѶġֵܡ
Ф
磬ҡФְϴͿˣ֮ǰһһͲ˸ңǲǵá
ФĻԱʶȥԱߣФĻתΪ
˹ҲܿˣԭѾȥĦ˹Уˣ֪ôϣпµĶ
ģӦǾ
˹Ȼ¹ԵĹťҪǿΧֻ͵͵ժһƬҶӣǡ
˵ļʱ͸Դͷһζƺ˹ˡ
ԱְסĻ˽վФ棬ʳָڴߣ״
ФŹĻǸԽԽһ˫ȳھͷǰ
漴Էȡ½˹Ĺԣһ׳Фǰ
Ϸ
ϷڸʲôФװʵ
㰡Ϸĵ֣ΪʲôǼһ˹еͨѶ롭Сֵܣйϵ
ԣǾֵܣФֱͦţŪʲôȰ˷ˡ
ˣΥͬ涨͵ҼҵĶôҲҪһͷϷ񽫹Թرգ˼̨档
ϷФ˼ϡ
ԩͷФȫӦϷǰΪһȵĻʦڿı̬
ϷȻЦЦЦղֻҼҹ½ѵȻҾȥҽԺ
ôҪûҾֵܣ´λУҾ͸ˡФĵ
ô˵ɡϷҶͨѶ
ڣϷվڶ棺ҪͻȥФǲǷʲô
ġϷЦָָ̧ӣФǸܷʲôø淢һףû̹ЩֶΣСӶˡ
ФϷ׵˵ͷȷʵһӶǴ

϶Ф˿ڴͰ͵Ϸеˡ
ղŷʲôʵ
ФѸղŵ¸һ飺һҶѣϷǱ̬
ˣ
ӦǾһۣ漴ФǸ԰ȥǲǵóʲô
ǵáФͷⱲӶǡ
һ߻
Фҡͷһֻ˵ǳʲô
ǣ԰ܶˣӦǾʡ
ԣܴ󡣡
˿ѾĪ˺õԤС


292 ֲ̬
ФûȥҽԺ,ùܼȥǸ˹
ܼҹȥʱϷԵڲſڡ
ФûϷܼҹ˵ʧԤ,ǹӶ˽,ֽȴɾŻ£Ͳˡ
ܼҵͷ,͵Ͼͨˣš
ȻФû鷳ܼҶ˵һǸ,֮ǰ֪ľֵܡϷ˼ȻͷԹܼҵ΢עݡ
ģҶһһܼʼ΢Цġ
Ϸת뿪Ϸ
һӴ,ܼҵе¡
Ϸ˫ֽ,ϥ,аҲöˡ

ǼֵĶָŸոջõĲФ
ɡФָŲ˸ĽҪһ㡣
żŻĬΣǲˣ˭ԹɳǵĲҲ⡣
ûм̧ͷɽ,ǳ,ֲ෱,㼯еƷ֡
ɽҡͷûֲܳԵӣǸҶӶ̫ˡ
һλоֲĽڡɽеҿ
Ϊ,ǵźʱʱ˼֮󣬲ŴͨԷͨѶ
ˣڴսϸ۲쾵ͷǰĻüȷûл
ɽгФȥ
ûþ⡣Ф϶
ûֲˡһ϶ûЩˣǡ̬
ؼû壬ͨѶжһ룬Ӱ죬װͨѶ䰭źʱܸš
ڣڡɽһ飬ʲô̬
ЩҪ̬ǡһֱţźż䲻ȶҲˣӿٶȵֲ̬ԴǿŲֲը֮ڲֲʧܣֻʣһ㣬ҶֱֲͼƬֻг̬ĸһЩֲ̬ͷ⼸Ż˵ġ
˵һ䣬źų׶ϣɽе˰ҲûϣֻƾղŽǾ㹻ڳľУѡ
ղŽ˵Ǳֲ˾ͽʵôֶ
ǲбֲ꣬ǳ̬ʡ
ҪȥϼҡҪ6Сʱ֮ŻȫƽͨѶźʱܿԣҪƬˣǡ
̺岻Զ
ϼҲ֪⣬ðװ˲ͣۿڵÿͣǿ͵͵ȥФȥϼң֪ĽṹҲһȥ
ФаɡܸоҪõ¡
һƻʱܼһˡ
Ϣλ˹Ȼû˺ܴ̼˵˵
ϷͨѶФȻԵ
ӦǾ˸ƣȫվФĶ棺ӡ
Фɤӣһƨϣ֭ŽͨϷͨѶ
йܼҴˣФһִʲôǰûֶͦݡ
ϷЦһᣬŵھУҲǺаԵڿʼѧˣ
Фҭһ£һڹ֭ûʲô¹ˣҸѵˡ
ȱң¡ϷæŪٺòϣһµĻ׽ṹ߹ܣǼλһǸס
λ
ΪӵĻʦȻҪеĻסϷɫֻǸĶΧĽṹ֮Ҫԣòݡ
ʲôʱ򣿡ФͷԼָȥģ
ѧУϰ˵㣬ҵǡ
ϷͨѶһҶϣФ̵ӦǾҪȥѧУȥȥ
ȥӦǾ㽲ϼҵĽṹԼȥ
ȥҲФһȥ۹УʹĦ˹У˻ᰵиȥӦǾԼɽȥϼҲ԰ĶǲǱֲ
УѵФԼһ·Ҫȥˣǰ΢Ūһ£ͿѶڶ
ĶȻɻУ԰ǰͰϿεľУǻ·˲ȻС

ǷͷжӦǾȥϼҡ
ΧǽˡӦǾ֪̽ÿİһ
ͷΧǽֵס׼ǰɽУз֡ҲͨķóȻȥܻչ
ȵȵȡŸһȦվǽǿʼġ
ɽûסʣڸʲô
ʵһԴͷȦշϵԴһӣĸҪʮڽȥΧǽµ֡
ɽУǴĦ˹Уʦϵ
ͷҲ̧̡Ҳһ֣֮ǰǵķһ¹оô򿪷֡
ӦǾվӰǳǳָƽȦ
ˡ̯ģ¶һ׶νȦʧЧΧһ˹ȥ˶ܿ죬ɽǵջ
û˷ԣҪ뿪԰ǿ鷽
ڡӦǾ
˲׶νȦУ˲ӫɫ·̷֡ȥ䣬ɽȷϼҡ
ӦǾһɽڷֵ˲䣬һֻ׶νȦ˲Դһ֡
ȫֻ룬ԤʱҪ̣ϼطֵûзκ쳣˭Ҳ벻˿ûп£ƻ־ܽ
ĸ˶ǳ3s绷г̶ȱҪǿǽ䣬˲ҷء
ζǰų
ڵͨѶͨˡɽкȻѹͽ˵˼䣬ҪҶϣ԰ò

ǰһ뿪ȻФ˵Ĳ԰ȥ

ҹУ԰һƬɫϸŷȷʵͲ˳Щһһڡ
ɽһ԰ͷ׼һˣڵɴϸ˻ᣬɫɷףѹǱֲ̬ģ˹ֲôԡ
ڣʲô취Щֲ̬ɽдģʵ
̬û̬ǿǵķֳҪ߳˴鷳õİ취ָӣ֪׽ֲ̬ɱڽķֵģϱɾȥ
ڣллҪ
żһűֲ̬ӦǾоֻǱֲ̬
ӦǾ̧ûֻ鵲ס֪ϣ漴֣һƬ԰ȥ
ԭȴƬƬİɫֲ꣬˿̸ɻɫӿҶ綼˻ɫ
ǺɫüЩɫڷĻɫʡȥϼ
áӦǾӦ֮ǰĸ֪԰Щɱ


293 
лҪ˵½򣬿˿˲ʣе̡
ӷϼֲֲ,˲ò˼Χ԰лɫʣ桭ǻ᲻⣿
ɽиϵɺɽǱ,ͼϢȥһʧܣԽԽˡ

3sĸ֪סƬ԰,ӦǾƸ֪ӱֲ̬ײʼ,˲ɱеĻɫʡڼеɱĻɫ,԰Щֲ̬̫С,ûгɣκεֿ
ڻɫʱʱ,Щֲ̬·ʧȥ,ʱή
վԱ߲ܣһųЩɫ,һӦǾĸ֪,۾գҲգ,ʶֱ
Ϊһ3sָ,ӦǾһ۱û,ֻɫʺ,תͷˡ
ʱƺŻ񣺡ߡ
ڰФ·ߣһ,ûзʲô쳣ʱ˴Ӹһ֪ǸȾ,֪ȼ̫ˣֻa
ֲ̬꣬ټϸȾ,ȥϼˡ
ӦǾվԭأ֪ʱȻϼңڲ̽լ
ܲ鵽ϼҵĽṹǷ˾ۼ״̬֡
ӦǾ֪鵽ĳʱδ˵ڣһݣʲô
ĸ˿ٿǼ䷿ݣϿûʲô쳣ȻδƿŴ˽ȥŷǻʦĹҡ
ûһ¥ǿտĲԳͼ̨ǽǵĻ¥ǻʦĵط
ɽŷ϶¥ѰƬ̺վ棬ҡҡͷʾûп쳣
ֻǡ߽ⶰݣеʵѾֹӦǾɽöҲ൱ԣͨĹҡ
ӦǾ۾ָ˵¡
ˡ
ڴʱɽ˸ƣʾǲԼӦǾһ
һ¥мԳĵذͻȻ򿪣һ˴߳ȷе˵ǸȾ˳ȼҪ֮ǰĸߣ3s¡
һɫӰԼֻһ˫Һɫ۾¶档
Ӵ󣬱ǽҪԴһļ϶һʼӦǾ㱻ǽϣԼȴûüתŶãµ˱˳
ûƶ̬ûע⵽˼һֻ΢΢ͷŲԳм䡣
ӸȾ̧źɫȥš
ӦǾĲЩʧ񣬵ָ֪ܿͨɽöˣǸˣʲô
ɽдȻɽһ˳ȥ
Σûκζͬʱ˼ƫͷӦǾһ߹ȥ
Żָԭ״ĲԳ棺ٵȵȡ
óȻͨ˭Ҳ֪浽ʲô
¶˻ȥֻһһߡ
˲СʱһӸȾ̧źɫӦǾֱӶ֣ѸȾ¥
ӦǾվںɫǰ͸͸ǳĬĺɫѪҺ
ȾߵѪҺվڳǰüʵ
ӦǾͻȻסƬɿ֣ȥ
䴦ɫۣϡ
ղһ˵صĿԿףһµصڱڴˡ
˿ٽȥǳƹ磬ȻܸеɭС
һߣɽ˸ǶӸȾߺ棬Ҫ֪ʲôȴⱲҲǵĳ
ǶӸȾ߽ɫ򿪹ǣȾ߱Ҩιڹ̨ϵ˺ȡ
һһŴФϼҽ˹·ͨˣڹ̨ϣͣŸȾߵѪȾ߶̨βıǩʲôƷʺõĶƺڿԼҪģֱӽ⿪ֱ˦ڵϡ
ʱĸȾ߹ͨ˵·ˡһߵˮ̨ϣѹ·ͨ滺תƣ˿վˮϵĸȾһĻѹͨϣһ˻ƵĲ˵İ𣬻λʱͨ˵֫ס
̨ͬһ޴װ˶ˮ̨ϣĴӭȴһи
ȥɽöУһ飬ڴͰڣ⻹Ͱڵȡ
Ф˵ģ԰Ķ
ɽеͷ˿أ֪ͨ˱ǿйĸȾѪҺ˵ɫֻ·һ
ǰһʱɽеס
ɽ̧ۿɽУһ
գɽջ֣һƣһȥ
Ҳ˫sʵкɫļӳɣҲסλŭĳ3s˵Щ˼ûʵս
ӹգһţûκͨһϣи
ɽлӶشɽнǶѸȾ߻ûзӦ
Щ£˶ꣿɽһһȾߣÿɱһ˱һ䡣
иȾ߷Ӧ׳˹
ɽоֱˮȥȾץסᣬֱɽб䡣
ҧֱͦͦվյȥȾ˴նϡ
ɽûж࿴һۣȻǰߣߵ̨װǰһնڶˮ̨ϣʹûа취ת
ɽרĴȥĸȾߣܿɽбתٿͻֱأܱߵĸȾ߱¡

ӹڵĸȾ߶棬ɽ߳˲ϵѪײƬ
ɽޱ鿴Ź̨ͨˣʲôҲˣֻܿźɫЩ˵


294 Ⱦ

ӦǾź,һ֧飬켣Уߡ
͸ֻܿ۾,Ⱦ߼򵥵ķǿ۾,иȾ߶Լ£ЩȾ߾ͺû˼룬ֻﱾ,һһѭûע⵽ͷˡ
Խ棬ζԽţӦǾ,3sǱʶԺɫжԣܿԼֻȴûô׿ԼųȾߣϲɫȴһֱ,ŲԽԽ
Գ3s֪̰ͬ,ҵͬĸо
ӦǾȻӺǣס,΢ҡҡͷ
ԭȱ㲢һҺۿûиȾ߲
,ǰĽŲ,ӦǾҲ˳ɿ֡
Խ,ǰ·Խյ㣬һ޴ȡѪ
ȡѪһ͸գÿһڶһȾߣһ͸,ܿڽֵһܵϣܿѪԡѪò죬ǻһֵǸܵУȾߵѪ·СϪһѪС
۸ȾԱߵţѪطΪ飬ѪҺܵӿڵһѪأһѪ͸رһʱָÿСʱиȾ߹ԱһѪǰѪҺװ볤У̧ȥ
̣·顣
ۿֵǰ˹ȥžӦǾǰ벿ֵѪͻȻվһѪܵˡ
Ѫվһһ߳иȾë
ӦǾ̧ۿѪվˣϳϷĸס
ˡ
˵ҲѶУľУһȽ˳һֱڰװ
ȫûκ˵ע⣬ڲıʹھУʱж㣬ֻа˾վǰ
˳Ѫغѹǿͷŵ棬ȥ
ʱһ߽һˣŵǸȾߡ
˲ɾԼһѵԼ֣ǰ̧֣ι˺ѪҪȾߡ
ͻȻһ٣۸Ⱦ߿ȫڵ۾󲽳ȥ
̧ͷǿӲ
ĺ۸Ⱦ۾˲һֲȫ۾ڸ߼Ⱦߡ
ֻҪһ̧ͷᱻ֡
ûжֱȥۣסһӺذףˣҪ̽š
Ⱦ߷׷˿ӦǾҲУһ̣֪ԼˣȻ֣Ҫÿ
㣿˿ϳϹĸȾ߲ö֣˼㡭ҲǸȾߣ
Ӧܿ˵ͬһĸȾߡ
˲֪ʲôЦ÷񣺡ǸȾߣ㲻ʵĵ
ȻǸȾ£ʮָˡ
ôģͻȻھ裬벻Ҫǣ
ƫƫͷͫеĺɫɢƺڵĺ
ÿܡ˻ϹЦȴԵù죬
ӦǾվԶõԤԽԽǿңûټװȾߣֱƿۣ¶ԼͷŸ֪ȥΧĸȾߡ
ӦǾ˼ſʼˣԥȷǸȾߣŶֵӦǾһʱûǲһġ
û˵ĿڻתȥɱЩȾߣͬʱж˹Ѫܡ
3sָӵĸ֪ԸȾĻˣøĸȾȥΧ£Լӿ
׼ȥģɽվǰʵ
ɽöײڻĽ׶ΣҪܣǰס
սʵһʦȻȲλ3s֣ѪҺĲٿ»һɫɽá
ףɽжɽк
ĿǰԸȾˣᱻɫȾѪҺĺɫȴ˵Ѫ⡣
Ȼǽ׵˲䣬˲֪ʲôأһʧ
һȺȾ߲סӦǾϹʱֻɽöˣѾˡ
ɽд¶˵淢£ɸȾߵ
ɫǿԻɵģȻһڵĸȾѪҺڵĺɫʣûյѾѪҺȫںϵĳɷ֣ȥͨˣȾֲ̬ķϡ
ϼȫǸȾߡɽеͷͼϵǱߣĸȾ߶ϼҰŵģûмôĸȾ֯ͨѶ򲻳ȥѾ˰װǡ
ȥѶУӦǾѾ˷Ϣ

ѶУϰ˵㡣
ФʱѧУǰѧУţԶظš
ѶУԴһ㣬УͻȻףУ԰ľУ٣Ҳûע۹УʹĦ˹Уӻ켣С
ʲô¸չüФ֪Ϊʲô顣
ʲôʲôϷҹĻףʵѾˣҪʱӦ䡣
£㷢ʲô𣿡
Фһܷʲô¡
ʱϰͨѧҲ˸߹к
û˴һʱûм棬˺ȻİС
Ϸ˵Ҫ޸ĻףҾøҲˮƽͲУϲ͵û߽ѧУʦĹңФҩ
Уģѧ
֮󣬲֪˭Ϣ֪ȿԼ˾ФΪҶɢһֱûФ
߽ңϷиײϣȡߣǵĻ׽ңһȥԳԻס
ȻһԣΪʲôҪȫ㣿Фʡ
ü֪ФʲôʱʼϷǰϲԼΪǶΨһ˫sս̫ֿʼϷҵ
һҪȲǻеݣٸĻףȻҪһջסϷЦЦ㻹ڼǺλ˹£
ФŹˣ˿ʱԲһѹϷĳ
ѧְԼȡϷ񣺡
Фһӻѧ֣ԼϷ񣺡һˣ̨ĸĵĹȸҵģȻٸǵĻס
һҪռ˵ӡ
ȸĻסϰͨϣתԱϢ
Ҳѧɫ̫ãйҪλͬ⣬ҲֻôӦ
Ϸ񣺡
ƤЦⲻЦФĻãȸĻס
ϷûߣǶ˼ˮȥϰͨˣ쿿װˣǶͨѶźŲҪˡ
༸죬ƿˡѧֵװԴ㣬ûʲôԵĵģۿڳ˿鷳һ㣬Ҫ졣
ϷͷȥĻףȵȡ
У԰ڲ⿪Ҳ޶˲ٿػ·ϣǴӴߵȷʵȽԶ
ˮǰ˭ʶȥȡ
ФμסӦǾϷһоٶһƨɼڼºϰͨм䣬ȣٶ̫죬еˮȫ򷭡ϰ̧ͨţ㿪ⳡѣѧûܶ㿪
Фѧֿȫʪˡ
Фû˵յ˽Ϣʦ칫ҳֶ˻ԵһϷҪѶУ֣ߣϼȾߡ
ϼȾߡФͻȻŤͷԼ˵
ˣ
˵Щʲôѧüʵ
ϰͨɫ֪Ϣ
ûгʵΪʲôФҪŤͷ˵
Фյ˽ϢѶУ԰гֲꡣ
ǸˣбֲꡣФϢҲû˼˵ҪңȴԶŲԶˡ
ʣ¼˲֪Ŵ򲻿ʵԾ
ǰʱԶһȦʦ̬졣
ʦѧֲˣ׷ʲô
ǸȾߡѹֵ
ղФ˵ģʱһ㡣
Զ⴦ţʼӲƽʱʦԶʵϣղϷˡ
Фӿڴһ
㲻ǸϷ񣿡ѧֲʵ
ǰĻФеҪǣǵĻ罻˳ȥ
ȥ׺󣬿ʼţ״ºϰͨҲʼٿػţſЩŵĸȾߣޱ鶢ǣƺڵǳ

ϷңФǸðԭĻȫҲֻһˮҩǺȥԣżƻ
ѧУڼλ3sʦ˵ȾߣǴ˿ڿУ԰ڵ¼ѧ·ϣ֪޾Ա߻ͻȻбֲסѧͿʼѪ
ҲֻһʼΪмѧѸٽףԸЩֲꡣ
Щѧðģ
ѶУʵľУ
ϷһĻеǼ̨ףϲΪб仯һ۾ϳЩǵ۹УʹĦ˹Уӣ
죬ʮţЩ˴ĳġ
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295 ѶУ
ѶУ,УһУ԰·ϣ˭Ҳû뵽ԭȻ̳ڡ·󺦵ֲͻȻϮˡ
˴ʵˮƽûôߣҪУѧϰʱ,,ǻףٸʱ䣬ЩǱֲ,Уڽ䱸еӳԱô벻
϶ڰȫ״̬УͻȻϮ,ʦȫŪΣֻѧڣִֻܻ
һжƺ˵ģҪռѶУ
Ȼڱֲ춯󣬲,ͻȻ˱ԸЩֲ,ͬʱָӾУȥ,νĴȫȻʧܡ
ϷϳЩ˭һ,׼ϵ,Ҫɵ,ԸЩˡȴȽӵ˵ͨѶӦǾҵȥˡ
ǸȾߡ˵
ǸȾߣϷסȫû
¶ģҲ֪ôΪȾߵģȻͬһǸȾ뿪ѶǣȾˡ
Ϸһ˿̰,ɵǲǻúһǿ
ôһǿ⿴ϷѪͬʱɫѪĶӣղܸܵѹƷӿ֮һǿ
ϱ֣ѶУڻ˲֣Ϸļƻ룬ȴȫ
ϵһֱûȥ˰ǺͨѶͻȻô3sУӦǾֱļƻ
ԣϷҲﵽһֿŵĻȣϻô겼֡

ͨѶǴͨʵ
ҡͷ˵ͨѶͨϵ3212ǱߵѧԺҪ˵ʦͨѶûȥֻǼ˲زȥ3212ѧԺ˶aס֮Ҫ࣬ͨѶͣҲܡ
ֹǣ۹УҲڵ۶ǣǵͨѶҲϵϡ
üΪģ
ǡҡͷϵ13߲㣬ɽкɽԭ׼ɳǣͻȻϵˡ
ɽö˹ʲôʱ뵽棬ֹؼʱ̣Уǲ߼޻ǴĦ˹У
ᣬǱû׷˼ҵɳܵĳۼ¼ûɽõļ¼ҡʦ˼ɽöƺһֱһҹģֻû뵽۹УǱҲϵϡ
ֻ죬˸ûκιʱͣǡ
ȥǹƱ¼ʵ
һ𶯵Ĺԣ鵽ˣڰǡ
ǣˣһƬѹͨѶͨȥǸʲô
ȥƬš
žӣ֪һ֧ġ
ʦǱ߲ϣɽö˳һ⡣ʱ䣬ٽŻ
ֵѧУˣʡ
ҡͷڴĳ3s֪ˣҪ3s䣬Ӧν򲻻ٳ棬ֻӦǾĸ֪ȥٽʱУڡ
ڸ߲㶼ں͵һӦǾȥ6͵7ͻȻԶѣִ״̬ͬѹģƽͨԺóȻ֣Ĵʮֲ
սֻҪȥˣʧ13͵5ܹЩǼųȾߺ󣬱Ͷ޷У13ֻܶԱɳˡѶУĵ4͵8ɳֶƽͨԺѹĦ˹У12ȥԮ
ȫϹۣרעȾһ¡
òھϸУɣѶУϰԽ֣11Ĵڣ12
һûκθţΪȾһ£Ԫ½һθ߲ȫʱֹԷиȾ߲Уˮ㣬ĿڱС
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ѶУ鲼ֲ꣬ȫǳ̬Լǿսߵ쳣滳Щֲ͵͵ֲģȫȾˣ񵱳Ģһ
У̫ˣУˮƽޣֻʮˡ
ҵ㲥ָ̨ʾУ㼯һֲ꣬һߵϸȾߵ˹
Σնɱֲû²סһ֪ðӵϺ
ɽӸ߿£ƽȥС

˳ͨ󣬽ȾΪԷһըˡ
Сš˳һʱ䡣
/ը˲䣬֮һİǶܵС
ЩȾͨˣɽôȥФһʱ
ӦǾиȥѶУǵִʱֻɽǲҪԸЩֲ꣬ҪľУвŵĸȾߡ
ԭ3s£ֱܷ棬һȾ߽ף˭Ҳ
󼪶ֻͣսȥɸѡȥæľУ
ӦǾĵʡһ衣
Ƕκͷǡ棬֪õҲʱȾ߼ˣӦǾڲù۲ѪҺܿ3sĸȾߡ
Ⱦߣȥնɱֲꡣ

Щֲ뱻ɾһӳȥᷱǡ
Уǻʱ䣬ȫЩıֲ˲ܼѶУҪٵԷֲ
ӦɺŪٸʴҺڣѶУȼգֱһ˿Ϩ
λʦվԭѶУĴţûӦһжôġ


296 
ѶУ,죬ϰͨ˼ȥУſڣȻЩвФ
˺Ϸôʧˣɽʵ
Ŀǰûзǵټ,ҰǱʧһˡ
⼸ӦǾͳưĿǰս,ȥĵطҪѲӣȴﾭʧһĻӡ
һ,˵Ķ˹ȵףЩӻ羭Ⱦˣϼ˴ˡ
ʼط,һ죬ǾܺͽָͨѶźš˵ֻҪȶϼԺҡ
ӦǾһʼڳĬʱ,ϼô׾,ȴʲôҲ
ʲôۿǽ,̧ͷӦǾ
⼸һֱԼɽøĻףԭѧоƬڵ֪ʶƻ,,ֻܴ´оƬѡҪѧ,мȺ͹ǰбʼǣѧϰҹѧ꣬Ųϸ졣
ó3sϣƱҪó3s֪,ԸеԼ֪ȼһһָ֪»¡
ϼڰǣֻ˺ϷȾߣǱɡӦǾʦмĴб˻ٹ
һ㣬Ǳ㷢ˣЩϲ֪ʧˣ˭Ҳûз֡
ѶУʣµļûһȥǣ⼸óĻײϣѧòʹ澭ֱӸˡ
˸ѧֹһ㷴Ӧ˼ϼһֱȾߣܣѧУϽֱġ
Ϊʲôܣֱڿ죬ѶУһƳƷõѧЩ׹ƻܵȾ
㣡ѧ־ȻҲĵ㣬ΪηֵĸȾѶУʱԽȺȾࡣ
ֻ²⣬ֻϼ⡣
ĿǰΪֹѶУڵʦ;Уȫһֵȴ״̬У¾ʦܵĴƺ̫ˣȫôͻȻڵӣȵϰͨЩ״̬ҲФȫûܵӰ졣
ʱˣӦǾں棬
ոԺģϼ˿ܲõļ
пвٸȾߣǰΪ˻ٿͨȾ˺׽ˡ
ͣ½ŲվǰҪô
һФڸҿյءӦǾĿԼϣЩƫͷܿ뿪û̫ʱ䣬һڼ䶯֣ҪЩͨȾߺ˿
ͨȾױ档
ǳס˿ֲ̫࣬һᷢӦǾƬ̧ۿô
û̻شӦǾģϵһƳа棬ﴽС
ӦǾָ΢飬ֻǵĿ㡣
ž
ͻȻӺĿ֣ʣڸʲô
õС˲ֱϱһ顣ĻɽӦɺӼȻ
֣·ʣʲô
ղѵ𣿡һһʵ
ǰ滹ں˵ʱҪôȴЦûı飬İ
Ϥָֻˣ¶ֱȥ֡
ؼʱ򣬻ҪܣɽߣԽղŲºӦǾȥϢ⼸춼ûϢãˡ
ӦɺӸں棬һˣֻʣ½ӦǾ

ΣתӦǾֻһ3sָӣ˶ҪȾߵı仯
ӦǾͷżһƳƬ̺ŵ˵ʲô
ʲôҶһֻЩ΢һֱʶ£һĻóָ֪ܻΪȾߣʲôԾϣܾ˵
ӦǾ
һ侲Ȱ½ٿĸ֪ԸȾ߶ԣ̫ǿ
²ҾӦǾֻ̧ۣҪȾߴһ죬3sȻ֡
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һ죬ע⴦ͨǱߡӦǾ˵ת뿪
Ծվԭذ죬ûӦǾ䵭ԭ
ȻԼΪӦǾͬʱҲðȫˣ
ڽָӿȫ£

̶ʱ䣬ȻӦǾϣͨڳˡ
Ƕһͨ˱˺ɫڸȾҪʱ򣬲ٿضԸУϼȾߣǲûͨܵȾ
ͨȾڹʱӵЩȾߣһ˲䣬Χ˷·ʲôٿһ㣬ʼߵ˺;У
ھУָʾЩͨȾץסõĵط
֪Ǳ/ٿغ󲿾Уû֣ȵǼ˵棬ӦǾžյأͨȾʱ
ô̫˷ʱˡ¾ֱɱˣ㡣
ЩͨȾǰһ뻹ˡɽƳϴǶɱͨȾߵľУУ൱һ˻ȥѵȥˡ
ԶԣʱǴߣá
ԱߵɽУûзκЩͨȾߣ
/ٿأȲˡɽеʦ˵ͨȾһ/ٿأǵᱻɫԸɾ
ûб/ٿأֻȾأʡ
ɽҲϣָǱа
˿ڶ࣬ӦǾԣϼڴֽ꣬Ų٣ʱƣԽԽͨȾ߱/ٿء
ȥһңͨȾ߾ɱˣֻʣһˡ
ֳһμվԭأͨȾߴΣûټȥվڴ
ڵңܸܵԼڵĺӿ˲ĳǳ΢ϵ
ŴͫеĺĴɢֿʼ̶ͫΧһȦ
һ̿ʼΧĸ֪˱仯
ˡ
Ӵ£ֱһȥ

϶·һڸ
һ·ȥͣһͻ׵̳ſŵģֻϵŵԱ
Ȼ˹һ̨׵ĻײպȻ򿪣˺Ϸ档
ףϷЩ̰ιѪŴģԶԶˡ
˿۾һ㻹ûбƣ
ϴİ۾ôҲȫɫھȻֻͫΧһȦ
ЩͨȾڲٿأͷˣˣǲ
û/ٿأɫӣͲˡЦù죬ͻȻһɫһֻ֣Ȼȥ
ûеֿźɫȥ
Ϸ״̸Ҫʳڵ
üҳ˫ȫڣȻߵȸȾߣס֣ϻЦ
ֱֻһ飬·ʲôѪҺУ۾𽥿ʼ仯
ʱ˻δ쳣ϲȡ
ô꣬Ⱦߣ̫ȱ3sĸȾˣҪʳֵȼĸȾһֱǿȥ
ûͻȻһͬԴȾߣ˼ȷϵĸȾԴ͵ģȻȡֱ׾١
ףϷȻе㲻Ծ۾
Ⱦߵ۾ܹԽȫڣԽǿ۾ͻȻȫڣϵѹˡ
ʱڲһ˿ԾʳԼֵ㡢㡭3s
ƫͷס˵ĲӣϲŭĪ棺Ϊʲôѹң
䣬˵


297 Ⱦ
УͣͨȾߴδ,סˣ̫٣Ⱦ̫,ٶȥ,֮ϵ磬ҲѾΪʱ
һֱϵ磬ʼûź,Ѿʼƿˣڼһ˿źţ,ûжԸͨȾߵֻźҲֻǳһ룬ȡ
ߵӦǾԱߣʣĸ֪ܲЩͨȾߣ
ԡӦǾ֪ͨȾڵĺɫǻʲô,ѹ,ҲЩֲ̬,ʧȥɫ󣬱ɥʧ
ͽ滹ʲôʱӦǾȻ΢ͷĳȥ,ʣģ
ͻȥϳƬ
ӦǾת,߽һСͷ,׼뿪
죬ȥͣûߡ
뻹һָ,ϵ磬ӦǾ
ӦǾվǰ֮ǰһѰ˭
ʶס׹ֻȥϳͨȾߣôȥҲδͨ쳣
ӦǾԥսĿĵΪ

㲻ҡǡôҲԼᱻɣֻܸܵţ
ԱߵϷһʱŵòҶվǣ˵ϢԽԽ̲סתܡ
˵ԽԽ٣ֱšĲӣӵϣͷԼ֣͸֪ͬһֳĸо
̧ͷӳ̳ŵϷܸܵԷڵǿŹ
̳߳ţϷǱߣ棬·ϷŪ
ϷѾȫԼ֮ǰˣһΪϰͨФڻˡ
֪ΪΣǰ·ͻȻÿϷƽˤ˼ΣϵϢ֪Ϊʲô׵һӱüΪֲ
һֱ治Զţϵаء

ӦǾﱱ·󣬸֪ߣһֱߵһ̳
첽߽ȥûмӰ̳ûκ
ӦǾƿһܻףȴԭ˴˿ɵϣϢϾ
վ˵ʬǰķһ˿˱ֻʲô
ʱͨѶǾͨȾͻȻֹͣˡ
ԭʱƣͨȾ߱/ٿصԽԽ࣬ȴȻͣ
֪ͨǣӦǾͷת˵ʬּǰ
һˣ
ȥĸ3sװǺ󣬴δˣԭΪǻдȴôˡ
껺˻ʵϷģ
ӦǾɫ΢ȥˡ
ҶϼͨѶת̳߳ţվſƬ̣ѡķ뿪·
һߣ/ٿصͨȾͣУһ㶣õϢʱ䣬ĽȾʲôƻʱ֪ͨˣ
˿̰װǸҲƿˣûͨɵͨѶ˽ֻǽ˴ͨѶ

һֱװΧϵţһ쵽뿪̴˽ͨѶ
轫˵Ӧ
ֶģɽǲǺһ𣿡

ûм۹Уˣվǽǰתͷһǽһӵ۹Уˡ
Ƕ轫װиȾߣѶУըƽˣ֡濴ŹԽһϢĿڣˡ
󣺡
һȥǰװǶʲô
һ˼ûиȾߣ֪ˣ΢һɫԣæͣϼȾߣǾͰϼըˣѶУиȾߣдĳɱֲ꣬ǲԾըˡ
ĬΣҾͰװǸϹһҲǾѾϵĶ飬õĸȾߡ
̽ΪʲôװǸ˼ɡ
ʦǱߵɽö˳£ϵ13ǲ鵽ͣװǣһˡһӦǾȥ
ӦǾȥһüת˼ȦǼȾ߻£
󲢲һ£ֻǸԼѧɽö˴ȥ
ǿۿˡߴǵǽӽװǡ

ѰŸоߣӦǾ֮ǰ̳ԽԽԶδȴƵͨѶϢǽģеһͨѶȫҶϡ
ֻǻ˽һϢԼʱλ
ǰ˰ףͻȻһУҵز
ӦǾ첽ǰֻϷǰִͷϡ
ӦǾվԶʶһ
ãŤͷȥ˫ȫɫŲаǰȫͬ
ӦǾ˰Σٻͷ˿ǰϷƺǱߵ˸ȤɿϷתӦǾȥ
ϷΪԼһˣȴûٵͷӦǾˣס˫ֳŵأϢߡ
ӦǾ۾֮ǰԤڵֳ棬֣ѡ
޶ԣŲӦǾ
ѡӦǾ˺һֳٳûзŵ׹ϣ۾ˣôͨȾûٲٿء
Щǳ΢аһοӦǾ˼棬ַ̧Ĳϡ
ܾϴŨҵ
Ķ䣬ӵ֪ɱġ


298 һͨ
ü,ӦǾ΢΢һδ,ֻ,ѡ
ˣĸỺ֮İ,
ӦǾûס׹ԭʧصҲûж֣,֪ʲô
վһ𽩳֡
ϲ㡭ܵӦǾĸ֪
Ҫ˵ĸ֪һֱһֹԼ֡

͵һһ𵽴װǸۿڣ֪Ѿ㼯,ֻӦǾ,㰴սתʱλ͵һ˴ˡ
һС͹㳡յص,ֻվһ֪ʲôӦǾǣϡӦǾϡ
͵һ˴δӾһӷ,һ
,һ˲,Ѿ̧ڱ۳ǿȥ
͵һĴӾٱһ
ȾߣһĴӾ𾪵
üŲԶһƬհףЩѾӾȻȾߵ,ֵͬû۾ôа
ӦǾղעϣȫûвǵĵ̧סֻ֣۾һһ٣ѹ
Ȼšüӿ֣ͷ˼ͫеĺɫɢ
ȻһĴӾѾ˹ΧסͬʱӦǾվ棬ӦǾûжһγȥ
ȾߣһӾټΪӦǾصһӦǾҪȾǱߣȻҪסȾ̸߲飡
ʱھ⣬Ⱦ߲һ˭û׽ʶѣ˭뵽ߵ˾͸Ⱦߡ
ӦǾӾٵĻֻ֣Ǹûȥˡ
ΣִУ̧ۿӦǾ˻ƣˣ
ӦǾһ£ָͷˡ
羱иȻ̫ǵԼղŶЩʲô
ǻվԭһĴӾѾһʱˣȾߵԱüҪĻȴø档
ղʲôǰʵ۾ˣ
۾ʲôܱڣܱһӾж˵ϹĲȾߡ
ӦǾü΢䣬ŤͷŵһӾ١
һӾٱ񿴵һ飬ƳϹԵϢʱͦţ֣ʾǰʱѺ
ǸʲôҪ13Ƥ´ǵߣ˵ס
һӾٵһŸով߲´һͨҪȾѺΣһΥ͵նɱ
ͨϣеһи߲ǩȻӾϱ棬Ǳߴ½֪и߲㡣
ŴӾٱЩˣЦƾǾ͵նɱ˭
ѾѣᱻɫơӦǾ
Ӿٿ˿۾ֿӦǾĿЩŪƺû뵽һָӣȻô棺Ⱦ߾͸Ⱦߣô˵ôȾߣˡҡһҪԼУӦСָӲ
ӦǾĵһôܻһ3sȾ档
Ѿϵ13ܾôߡ
13߲֪ʲôȼȻԸ˽һ±͵һӾ٣ùת߲Ƶ顣
һʱԸĸ߲ƵС
ǴĦ˹УѧȾߣӦ13ߡ13ֵ߲
һģ13Ҳ⣬ΪߵľУѾǴĦ˹УѾûеɱѺһ
13߲õȥ飿
УһУҪ׼ǴĦ˹УӦñ˭
13߲㻥࿴˿˲һҲΪݲͬƽȾߵӰ졣
кβͬ
3sһʦ˫޵ĳ3sӦ״ʲôοӦνȷ˵ƺɫҪĳ3sΪ3sԲûбȫơ
˻һһ߲סЩ͸¶Ϣһ£ǾԻΪĦ˹УȻ
֡
۲3sֻ֪Ⱦߡ
ˡԪڿڣƺΪȾߵ£̫٣ͷѾа׷ĻȻ3s˭Ҳ׼ʱ۶ǣԿء
Ԫĵλ̫ߣԣ13߲Ҳ޷
ӦǾͷѵĿ⣬Цһû¡

ͨȾֹ߱ͣٿصϢûھУ˾ãǱ㵽ӦǾһվһڣ13μ
վǸʲô˲õԤУǿЦҪȥ
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Ҫȥһ˵۶ǡĦ˹Ӽ˵û¡
ö˶ˣҪȥ۶ǡӦɺǰüʵѾһ𰸡
ȥɽӦɺͼƵĵط֪Ҹղ˭Ϸץסˡ
һĴӾٲûбƹȥشղӦɺӵĻǰΪʲôҪȥ۶ǣȻΪȾߡ
Ħ˹У˵˲
Ǽλ֪ȾߣһӾɨĦ˹УӣȻ֪ȾߣȴһֱϱҲȾߣ
Ҳһֱ֪Ⱦߣ㿴ͬȾߣӦǾ
һӾ٣ֵܿУ⣬²˽ۡײҵӦǾ
һԼҲȾߣҪһȥ۶ǣȻԵһӾٵ
߳Ѿ۽ȥһѧҲȥ
õӪҺҡûиȾߵԾԽҶˡ
תһԼĬĬɳǵ۶ǵƱ
Ҷһšɽ˻վԱߣȻĻ˵񿴶Ʊҳһ
ҪôתͷӦɺӡ
Ӧɺ΢Ӧһ£ͷ
ûǰֱӶƱ
ץסϷģӦǾʽ档
棬ιˣͻš
һ֧һ֧ӪҺ·ղʲôҲһ糣õһӾԭأԼļ䡣
Ӿ٣һɾУǲ֪ȾߣΪȵҪɽöˡ
ɽлЩţվһʣôͻȻȾˣģ㳬ֻҪûԸӦòᱻȾġ
ͻȻһطһӾٵˣ⣬һֱڱȾ״̬
˵Լ£˵˵ûʲô


299 
ʲôǸȾߣ˵Ļ,ԭأιʵ
13ǱϢҲ,侲,Ź͵һĹȥײʧصʱǸӾٵһ߲,ǱͨҪȥ۶ǡ
ӣйظȾߵ·,ֲٸȾߣǳϦദͬ飬һĸ߲㶼Уֱײǹڡ
ʲôʱɸȾߣһȭ侲,ʵ,ΪʲôҪ۶ȥ
Ҳ֪,13߲ڵ飬˵鵽ҽ
ҽǱҪߣüǰŵ֪Ϣ,Ǳߺ13߲㰵,Ѿҽߡ
Ⱦߵо,Ҫʮ꣬Ҫһҽ߳ҽȫϡ
ҡͷǱû˵۶ǱҪȥ뿴,ҳ3s±¶
¶ɫ䣬ʱ㱩¶3s£ӽ䱸
֪ʲô¶˭Ҳ֪һǱ߻ʲôڱ¶֪ǳ3sʦȫ
г3s3sָӣΨûһ3sʦݳױ¶ø
ģ
Ǳߵһڰװǵı棺װǱչ˳Ӧÿ춯

װǡ
δü/ٿصͨȾ߻кܶ࣬ʣµѶУʦ4͵8ϣܾװǵͨȾߣ㡣
4͵8ӦȴûôͣΪװ£ֻУ˭Ҳ֪ߵǲǸȾߡ
һʱ䲻СǷ׷ۿڿأͨǵҪȥҲҪ㱨顣
ΪþǽͱȾĸʡ
ڰװǵľУȣѶУִһƺ
һĿס߶ӦǾһڽӴϷҪе֪ȾߵϢ
ϷһʱڳֻһӦǾҪϣбϷƻ
̫Ҫ
ǰֻΪʵ̫СФ棬Ϸû뵽⻹㱻ȾʵΪһʦĺܲ
Ϸ·ûʵУͿʼ⸱ͱŻģڻ΢һ㡣
ϼҵṹԭӦǾϷ棬
ƮƮһ仰һֱͷ˵Ϸ䶯
ըƽϼңʱǲϼڲʲôûеüȫֱ̽꣬ӵը
ҪȾ֮£ӦǾҽϼҵĵ½ṹӷһعֳȥȥĵѪأؼһһԭϼҵĽṹڼϼȵʬ塣
ܾãõʬ塣
ǵġ
ͨѡ˾ӪҺмɫǡ
ӦǾÿ˵һ仰õĶǳ䣬ϷڽƼԼԱߵĽУ׾ٿӶȫȷϼ¡
Ϸ⣬ظκεһ仰ͷ棬ֿ
ϼһҩݴϽֱƣɻѪӦǾķӦ㣬ҵΪսϽֱƺõٶ죬ʱõȻص˿ڱϣʺϽֱŸ֪ڣӵǣרΪҩ
һ͵ļѻижϽֱӵĸС
Ⱦߵ˿ڻָһȳ죬Դ㡭ӦǾָ̧ۣĸ֪ʵ廯ͬһѷɵϷһ˿ڡ
Ѷվŵ͵һӾ٣
ʱ򲻵òϣӦǾȷʵǿһֿµľ磬ûס
ӦǾɨϷ˿ں䶯ϣֻգۼָϽֱνҩǼٵġϽֱһʼǱǸȾߡ
ĺ΢ͬӦǾе
ӦǾԣڳвɵһϽֱʼǵǰƵʲôʱôиȾߵĴڣ
ϢϷõȷӦǾ㲻ʣȥ
ҲǱӪҺʵ
ӦǾͷڵһıչǵͨù˾ܲιɵĺͬϼӪҺмɫ
ԣӲ뿴Ѻȥ۶ǣһжԸġ
ĽȴӦǾ࿴һۣһʼ֣ӦǾ仰̫ȷֻ˵ûһͨӪҺһ仰ķΧֹڿֻ˵ӪҺжֽš
ûָǵɢ֮󣬲ҵӦǾ
ӦǾͨӪҺֽŵģܲˡ
ڵѪص˿⾪ϲҲ֪ΪʲôᱻȾ˵һҲ֣ͬΪȾϷѷɫˣȴܷɡ
ȥǳ3sĿԣӦǾһֿܡ
ֻĿǰҵ֤ݣ֣󲿷ָȾߵ¶˺Ϸġ

װ¸һ䣬Ҫ̷ء
ŴĦ˹Уģɽ뿪ɳǣŵ۹Уһȥ۶ǡ
ǰһ죬Ǳ͵ļ֪ѾľҪ¹ĳ3sָӸ֪ӦǾ¡
ѶУı£װͨм⣬Ⱦ߷ֿ
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ǸȾߣҲ㡣Фдʵҵ˵Ǹ󣬿ԴҴȴҴ
ҲǲУ׼ñꡣü
ԣǮ
Ħ˹УǱ߿ȥֻǵͷûж˵ת̤һǽ
ӦǾ棬ҪסԱߡ
ǳ3sǽΨһܸġӦǾŷĴӾٵ
󲻵òͬ⡣

13ǽгأԭ㲻ԣһѿɽö밲οǣһֱҲᣬ磬ɽкɽһһϢҵǡ
ȴĸԶﲻͣš
ɽкɽУ
ֵļһŤͷɽöһ
𣿡һɿ
ɽУץߣǾ
ǸȾߣĿǰƺܿƣųڼװܿơ
Ħ˹У⼸ıδ̫Ѫڴʱ˭˵һĦ˹Ӹкãڡ
֪㻹ҪԱ𣿡ָָǰʣһʳʣ⣬ܳԡ
ɽ䵭ء˵գһȥϢ
ȵִɳǸۿʱɽö׼ȥȴٳٲĦ˹ӣǽõһϢ
Ħ˹ĸЯǽкóԵʳˮӡ


300 ͦ
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ûҪɣ˫ʾոһǽ,һĴӾٱ㽫ס
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΢Ʋ죬ĿԼϣܵøõƺ̫С
ӳ٣⸱ǿȲκһֻײ,㲻ӡ
δ˵,㵽˫΢һ,ˡ
ΧеΧסֹܡ
Լɨһ۴Ӿ,ӻ,ĵý,ֻǲϲֱס
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Ӿ룬ӦǾеΣһˣҲ΢Ӧԡ
Ҫȥһմ¥,ȻܸһȥվԭؿӦǾһߡ
ΪʲҾõ۶ǽû·Ǿķ૵

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зĴڵסֻмʻڵܿ·ߡ
λϣ˲ԶվԱ߶ֻӦǾԱߡ
ûȥһĽմ¥ӦǾ
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Ļ˹趨ġӦǾվԱߵ͡
һ˵һ˵ע⣬ûдŵһľΪӦǾ֪Ȳͣ˰ֻ꣬Ҫǿ˶֪ӦǾᣬ۶ǵϣ
˼Щ˵ƺû֪ǸȾߡ
ӦǾϲԼ㲻ǸȾߡ
ǲǡӦǾѾˡ
ӭһˣֽԴӾٵҰ˴ˡ
ӦǾҪȥλ⣬Է˰Σͬ⡣
մ¥ȥһ㣬ȫǽյķ䣬һ䣬һ߲ԸĵطҲⶰ¥
136ŷ䣬ʲҪͨдڸ֪䣬Ȱִ棬򡭡ֻ·һԷץĸ첲Ⱦһѽ˳ݡ
͵⣬ûȥˡŤͷӦǾˣǵðҿסǡ
ӦǾŲһ٣űߵ
ﴽ̧һֻ֣˻ӡ

136ŷ䣬Աǽڣֻһˡ
߽շͦյġͼͶԷڨȫᣬһѽƽȥ˲ţ룬ڶͫ
ǡ
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ʶȥԼĻѾˣĹһ
ǽϻͨѶĻֻм򵥵Ĺܣòͣϴ
ȥͻȻһܱ䣬߹ȥһӦȫҲ͸ţڼǡ
Ի
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ҲǣܰǵĶһӦ죿
棬ȻͣסŲӦɺӲײʣˣ
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ܲȥһʣóһѶǴ˺ܶԵ
ӦǾŵĶһȥĺ԰Ǵ
ΪĦ˹ܵģɽӦɺҲûлؼңӦǾ׼ĵطס
ĻңأţһֱýƵ
λǣ6͵7Ѿƽ˶ڵأֻҪ΢ٽһǾͻ𡣡һǽϣ͸¼񣬲ȫڿ
ƽͨԺԱˣҪҶ鷳ڸȾߵ»ģɳϣŹĻеǽӴУֻƽͨԺЩ˴Ӵ󣬾һֱûгֹ
վԱߣӦǾϣûʲƽͨԺˣֻһҷ֧ĻʦȻԶе⣬ʮ꣬ͬƽѵƱоƽͨԺһƱΪĻ֣ȫοٶӣΪڣһǻع飬ǵ۹УǴĦ˹Уһơ
ƽͨԺ⣿۶ǻǣֹУ׳󣿡еջ𣬡ΣǻҪȨ
ɽɳһߣʲкҪơ
Ӧɺ󿴿ҿоڵһ֣˵࣬򵥵
ԭһֱ侲ӦǾȻۣ΢ڸסĿеƽͨԺȷʵ졣
Ѿ˲²⡣ȷ
öãᱻ¶ӦǾ̧ۣϽ۾ǵĶһ
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ƽͨԺ߳ǱĸȾߣЩȾߡ
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ӦɺӶЩıı⣬ֻںһ£ľɵȣҽͼ㵽ˡ
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Ҫ͵ں͵۶Ϊˡ
ҪͼóȲҪֻ˵ǣ13ڵһ
һģҲĴ磬13صһλ͡

ǽ£ͷĻȻӰӾ磬һɲ档
ĺ򣬱㵽һ档
ǽĻ¶ļ·ֽţһЩ㹷ĶĪЩͦ


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ǽ,ϥ𣺡һ㣬ܲüǱߵ˻̨,ˡ

Ļ,ֳߣ˵˹,ĲþȫֽƷ⡭ҵˣٷ,ֱ˳һ
޹̯֣Ҿ΢ȤˣҲҪ᣿
վ֮ڣңƵꡣʶң
̾ΪһĽҪһԻĸĸ֮ǰ￴Ƭ
Ϸһۣ˵ʱӦǾΪ֤Ϊѹڵĺɫ,ȫȾߡ
΢΢ʼ,ûлشĻ
ڵһ߲㲢̫,ƾѹۺɫ̫ˣǶȾ߶,ʱ޷ж㵽ײȾߡλ,ڹۿʱ,һֱȴûеֳ¡
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ʮǰһʼоֱӼⳬ3s֪ĿĲκһ3s©ʧ˲ţվǰһԿߵ˼ڣܼⳬ3sˡ
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Χһһ˴˿̷·һĶ

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ڽڣͬʱһ֧ϸ룬ȥߵѪҺߡ
һȥӦǾԱߣɫ԰ףȻղŽ֪һ̨ܴ洢3s֪ķ
Ŀӣƿȥ
վڶԹ۲ڴڼ䣬ӦǾ뽫Ǵȥĳʳ

ȥڱڱ㿪ʼȻͷӦǾĸ֪ĸ֪̫ϤҲ̫ױջ󣬼˲ͫΧ㿪ʼߺͣɢ
վڹ۲⣬ż۾ĨȻаЦǵʵԩĽҲɢˡ
ȷʵȾߡ
Ӽͷű߽ǣֱתתӣԾ䱸ֵֻҪһ춯֡
Ȼȶ˲ӦǾϲԵĶ
̧۾ָӦǾЦĸ֪еҩ
е˻ƣղΪԿأ˶
ӦǾվԣļ򣬴Ǹ
ˣڽңҪסǰһ
3sף
3sףԽԽáҪõĻףȥޡɵõϡеĲϣʱ3sס
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ɣҪоƬϿΡҲ֪ҲŽӴûж೤ʱ䣬ණϤ
һĦ˹У롣
ӦǾתҿϵӦǱߡ
ӦǾ۾ֿմӦУЩæȥҪ

±ؽڣӦǾȥֻվͨ
˿ţҲ˵ЩʲӦǾֻ˵˽ǴĶ13ǽϵĶֹޡ
ЩҲֱͽȥͶ⣬Ҫϵֽ룬ͽȥ
㻻һԣӦǾɫĹԣȻʵ


302 ج
˸һ͸,ӦǾվ棬ǽϵͨť
źۼĹԣһˡ
ȻĹ,Ҳһáеϧû,һܰ㿴һʲô⡣
ӦǾָڹԴ,ɫάԱ˵޲ãһ¡
˼,ҪʲôطŻ޲,оƬˣȫûע⣬ӦǾ
ˡ,ӦǾ뿪
գһ㡣ӦǾ뿪ǰ
˻,صͨڣҲκ

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Է⡣ӦǾɫ侲,ûл׷
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ģֵֻ֪ÿ춼᲻ʱһۡ,ǲǸȾߣڻǴĦ˹Уѧ
ڽļʱڣڵ13㣬ķ䣬ط˴졣ͨеĽҷ䣬һʱʦҡͬʱҲõоƬӦǾв˳ԭڴĦ˹УоƬǷֵоƬ
ӽҵֻһͨľ룬ڹңյĵݲϣ3sף뿪ңͨм䱻ȷûЯκζصҡ
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ѡһײϣ֣ʼиԼҪĲϣڹ̨ϣĥɸ״ʼճϼ
ͷڵճϼһ㣬ʼճϻײϡһһϽһϡ
۾񹹽ǣùεһһ㽫Եճϼθɾ
еͨѲߣеվſƣŹ⻬Ļǣ͸Ӱӹ۲ĶĽճϼ£Լڡ

һ첻ͣ׺߳ңм䣬ͬʱǡ
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ÿһҺ͹ңЩʮֽţȻȾߵݺڴϵı֣㹻˾衣ֻΧʱԳ
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ԡ¶ϸмճϼˮɾճϼͽ͵ӵճϼһ·ղűĲ½Űһš
һᣬ½Ǳ¼Լճϼ档
·ӵϣ˫ŻԼճϼЩͬϸмճϼʼںϡһСţȻԡ¶ƿѹճϼѹ⣬һƬ̫Ρ
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ͻ׽ֻף󣬻Ӧ½١Ҫһ̨ϸͻףҪע֮ٽ㡣ȵٽ㣬ÿһλͬ
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΢΢ۣûǷǣڵĻɫʡ

꼾ȵĿκպоƬ׼ʼϢʱѾ賿ϵҲѾһڵĵҲֻһյůơ
ƽڴϣ۾컨壬֪ʲôʱ˯˹ȥ
ɫɫɫϽ֯
վһƬڿУַԼǰȴܿһ䣬ʶתͷȥʲôҲûмֻкɫ
޷ưǰߣƺʲôԼ·ͷһ޴ĻҼ롣
Ҽ£ڲкɫڲͣ
ƺ֪ʲôʼ벻żлɫĶǻң·һ㣬ƶЩڵƶЩڿա
ʱŷ֣ԭڿղǺɫҹգǺɫ
ЩڿյĻɫʣЩڿɣЩһɫɺɫ»صҼϣãЩȾڵĻɫʣ±ɻɫ

Ȼ۾ͷ麹ڴϣǽڣͷ컨塣
ԭΡ
й½룬ȴ޷Լȥ룬ʱеĻ档
ЩûΪѹģԽԽҪԺС
̧ͷһ۷Ļʾ賿3㡣
ڽʱ䣬û˯ţǽϣ۵
ڽ죬ףȥһȦǷŷ磬ͬʱӦǾҲ
㲡ˣ򿪽ңüɫȥҽҡ
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˰Σͬ⣺ɣӦǾ쵽¥ˡղվڷϣӦҵķ
¥ȻӦǾոߵմ¥ǰңң


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ӷ,ߵմ¥ǰһ923룬ӦǾĬһ룬ߵ¥ǰ,̧ȴѾ
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ЩѵͻȻԼеٿػ׵ĸоôʱ,ѾϰԼݡ
תʵ
ԣɨһȦ
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ЩȫǾ֮,һ΢,Ǿͻᶯ֡
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Ϊһսϴ˶ԣóıǰֵȥ·У²⵽ƶ·ߣӦĶԲߡ
ֹͣ׵ĽŲȻŤ̨׵Ķ̵΢е㲻ϰߣסôһѣһ̱㳯ȥ
ѧǲǾûȥսˡĹж̵תһȦ˳ֱǰƣûѧǿ
ó͵ϮǼ״̣Կκһײλ֡
ӦǾͻȻԺУüǱȥһվԱߣδͷߡ
Ϊóͷ㿪һͻȻðọ̈ȥ
Ѿǰ֪ͳȴʱûжƳԼ
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ײŶӦǾʶǰһŻδڸȥĽ
㲻ΪջԼơ
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ǵģתͷԱӦǾסģ
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ȥ·ϣֻӦǾһˣڲϣŲϺ˵ľ󣬳΢֮ǰԼ񣬿ɬ
һʼ֪ϲ˽ԺУԼ
ֻڡˣǻס
ӦǾڲǰָ⸧ؿǰĵ׹ô䣬ŽеĻʴ¸С

ŷһ죬صң̸϶ãֱڴϣƬֻдĴָһСġƬԼָм䡣
ӦǾͻȻѣе죬ȷе˵ӦǾˡ
ѵ˻ɽ棬ûκηֱӶ㿪Ĺ
һ۾ʱӦǾбӿһ꣺ӦǾ֪֪˵һв
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ӦǾķ˵һϵͳʱȥ棬ͷ侲ֽϻȥһ·ߣһ·ϵļء
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һ3sȾ,ҪŪЩ׾١һʱ͸ѶеҪ߲뾡вɳ
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ʣһܣ㶼û˯ã
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Խ꣬յӽȻͬӦǾ֣Ҳ㣬뱣֤ʵʱ䰴°ť
ӦǾͷ֣⸱ʱʲôϽϣЩˣѾһȦ
óһҩ࣬պˣסָ֣һһϸϸĨϡ
ԽȻջ֣ӦǾʱʱ̶̿ͷŸ֪ƫƫд棬ԺͿƽ֯һ
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ӦǾûĿƹ֪͸ĸֻ֪һࡣ
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ӦǾ˿̵ӣָ΢ȴûֻ룬¹ס

ӦǾ³Ѷҵģվʱǰջظ֪ǲŸոյ


305 ϴ
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ĸ˸˼һϴӲ˼Сʱڿһ˿⣺ϴİť
Ѷһ˴һֽ״̬УӦǾĸ֪Ķҩò˵ôһᣬƺһĸоЩҹͬһΣ֪ΪΣһʧĻ
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֮ǰڴĦ˹У˼죬УǱ߽ˡҹӦǶǱߵˣϵǣƺڷǡ
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šӦǾҪʲôԸҡ
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ţҲָžֽ治ֹп缶׵ĹͼоƬѧĶǲ3sҿд㿴ûʲôṹ
У֪ˡӦɺӱžֽˡ

ӦǾվͨ棬ԭȻ̧Ŀ⡣
ҪԼ˵ЩʲôӦǾľڿˣֻȻվͨ⣬δǰתԱ˵˼仰ת뿪
ӦǾҪ漸˳

·ϣ㾭ʼ׼һýֱ˵ҪϣǲֱֻӽͼֽЩṹϴһҪѶԽԽ
£һӦǾ
Ҫ缶׽ṹӦǾȻ˵ʾ䣬ȴ쳣侲һ֪ôĿɨӦɺнסһֽ֪ˡ
ܿ죬Ӧɺд꣬ɨԺýһνֱֱֻˣһһŵͼֽ
缶ϵнṹͼ
ƾһ⣬ýֱһαһȽȥýĽ޸ֱĽṹͼǰ
˼ͼֽ˱ֱֹͣ
λǣŴһҪٿϵл׵ṹͼˣҪڷһվʦĸվֻ߲꣬Ҫ֪ϵ001Ľṹͼء
˵һλڷӿվ
ǽȥ󣬹Ȼл׵ṹͼ
ڣ߲ڶڷҪʦվṹͼ
ڽҵһ߲ǣҲ׷סˡ
ǾҪһ
һλ߲㣬Ȩ˻Ԫ£¸ʵǿӮ˵ľ
Ԫһɸ߲ΪıȷĿ
ǾһֱΪûʧءԪ棬˿վԱߵӦǾĿǰǶԸȾ˽Ĳ࣬ЩȾ3s򵥲̽ԴҶ㡭ڵĿֻɡ
ŲʳָڱϣתţĬ
ܺáԪ޵缶׵ĳ֣Ϊѹޣڳ޴ᡣ
ֻһܻ׶
ǾĹ⣬ΪûʧءԪұҲΪûʧأҲʺ㣬Ӧóȥоס
̧ԼԳȥϢżԪµԪ˧ôӦǾΪʲôûи֪ʧأ
վںһλ߲߳
Ԫ̧ʾⱳ˰Ǿһ£һ߲ԼӦȫǾԼҲΪӦˡȷʵǵʧûзָȾߡϣȡѵԩκһˡ㳬3s˲һܵɫҲǲܡ
ԣҪңתűģͣʵ
Ԫ¿ɻӦǾҪԱߡ
и߲뷴ԣԱԪ´ˡ


308 󲮺
ͻȻųһ,ûԤϵ顣
߳մ¥ֻĴͷһۣΪԼܳһʱ䡣
ӦǾ,,δ뵽Ԫ»ᶥס˵ķԣֱӷߡ
Ļ׻ûйáͻȻϧ,﹤Ҳ
Ը⡭ӦǾʵȥӦҡ
ǰ棺룬ȥǡ
ڷ,ûǰϵ棬һֱʱļ˶֪ŵһ̣ʱɴ۾,û˵
˭ˣɽʵ,֪סֻӦǾ,һʱǰк
ɵˣǰ˻ӡ
Խˣ˵ʱתܣкŻɽ,Խˣ,û,ǸϽߣ
ɽһ㶣Ȼ˽תȥץӦӣҪ塣
ȵ,һжûӦӱץ죬ֻͼϵͼֽ

Ԫ˧ͬɻӦǾվں͡
ĸö׼Ӵܵˣ
ǰѶŻȥæ䳶ҵ·ҪȻţ
һѽ¡
òܹһǴǴڰװǳº󣬾ûô
Χ˸ȾߣƹĿ缶ףе㱾µĸȾߣƶ򿪹ϵһվǸվ
ɨһۣôŪվ
˴ָָӦǾվŪġ
˳ָȥӦǾĿһϵ´ٷͼֽҪһǱزУάվҪǮ
áӦǾӦ

ʱˣǱߴĦ˹Уļλʦ֪󣬴ͨѶ״Σ֪û£а
ûмŻɳǣҪӦǾס
һΣ˶ӦǾһȥӦҵĻ׹ҡ
׹ӦһʦãӦҲȥԴȥ˴Ħ˹У󣬱ûٻ
ǽӦҵһӦѾ֪ˣ˹˵Ѿ׼סȫóɼϲķ׼ķҲϿζ
󲮻ǺǰһӦСֹӦһ֪bˣȴӦν֮󣬽Ӧҳֶβνǿ
ӦǾһֱţǽźסŴȥҡ
ĹҡӦǾָŶһӵʲôҪĿԸҡ
Žȥ۱ǿĻ׻أеȫոµģ۾ȵһǸҵ͡
ǰһ̨׻ܵĻе˵Ͽֻ̨
ӦǾЦĲȥԡ
ŻĲԿڣˣû׺ԡ
˵꣬ߵ̨ǰЩϡвϵɫùһ̲סΪǾޡ
ɫ͸žӨչ¼ֱԣָȥ⻬£ַ
վ⸱ǰ͸϶ӦǾĿ⣬վδδƿƬֻ̺缶ͼֽ3sײС
缶лʦһͬķ򣬳3sף־׽ṹųȥֻõ˸˽ζԸ3s
áӦǾӦ

磬Ħ˹УǼУӦңĻУӦüʵôᱻ˳
Ԫ²𡣡ӦվڴǰŪߵĻǾ˵ûȫʧء
ӦЦһһƳ缶׵ĳ3sʦͬʱǳ3sŴĦ˹УǰӣԪȷʵҺ𡣡
귢֮£Ӧӵһ£ȴȻûбŹӦӱ϶ָ֪ӣһΪʸ֮ģץסӦǾҽһ£һ߲ͬ⣬ѹΨһһ3sָӣ㵱ʱλָֻС
ڼ䣬Ӧ֪ת˶£˶棬Լ룬ΪĲӦǾܹ
գĦ˹УԼʱû춯ǾԸԼѧץһ
ʷϿĦ˹Уȷ裬۳ѧ¾Уˮƽβ룬һȴУ֮ҪУҪǷһδɫȫƵľУ²ܡ
5ôˣӦ˻⡣
ѾˡӦݵȾĵطҽƶӡ
5ãȾ߲ࡣǼֻڻҹǶʱ䣬æնɱޣߣǲˣһˣڡ־ᶨ֮ˡΪˣȾһ³˾ٱ˾вԾˣһ⣬ȻǸȾߡ
Ӧ˳һĶʮ꣬Ӧֻb֪սͨˣӦǾҲֻǾУδҵֻӦȨص5Ӯ˵أĿǰӦڵ5ƿȨ
ȻȾУ޷߲и£ʱùܡӦ˼缶ףӦһʦѾоʱ˹ǻһʱ͵ҹǡ
ӦЩʵɻ󣺡ΪʲôӦң
ӦݻǵڴУĦ˹Уκ͵۹УԵĳ棬Ǵڹյ̨ϣ¶񡣺ˡôҪҳˣ
ֶӶδ̫ˡ
ҲˡӦԥһᣬǺǾѣ
Ӧݣ
磬ӵĸԻѵ
ȵ⣬磬һԷӦд㣬һ缶һ¡

ͳԷһϣһ˺ܽš
ܲͣĽŲŲһͻײϣͣи̧ȡ»ĿŶӦӣһϣʲôûɡ
ӦӴڵǰŤҽš

ҺܾûʹһԷˡӦӴǰʮ־ηӦԥԥҵ͵͵ȥĦ˹У˭ûߡ
ʲôһԷֲΪ㡣Ƶ̸缶׵¡
Ӧסô֪
ϻĿӦǾ˵ġ
иӦӻ˼ΪʲôӦǾҪǰһԷĿġ

һһ˴һţӦ̽ųӦͷһã
׳˵ģҪò󣬲ʾã
룬ԼӦͬѧӦôģһ󲮺á
ɽԥһ᣺áʵǰӦǲ
һ󲮣ۿҪźӦǾӲŽߵԱߣҪںϼҷڹҶ¥
ҵˣһ˴кҪַҺںϼ
ӦǾͷѾʦԹˡ
վǰӦԼӺſڵۡ


309 ȡʲô
ڶμӦ,һںշ˹˹׳ϣʱվ´ǣ侲,ü,ûгô̵ĳ˼
ǾٴѹﲻþӦɨӦɺ,ôؼҿĸ׻ΪڴĦ˹У
Ӧɺֱͦ,ȴ׼ȥ裬оףһʱûڳʱ䡣
ʱȥӦͷʽ£Ǽ㾭ֻ֣һҵ,̫һ,ûͶ棿ԸĻ,̸̸
ͷ˵ãʾʮԸ⡣
Ӧһһˣϣǲݵ㣿ûдʱ״̬á
ڳ˽һ,ӦǾΪ,ӵһԷʱ,²Ҫڿ缶֮£ȻȴǺѣҲûн⡣
û˯áص
Ӧšһһʳ,Բ˯Ҳ
Եͦõģиֹ֭ԼǶʱĲʳ
𣬽մ¥ʱṩ֭Ӧ˵ʱȴɨӦǾΪմ¥סһ߲㣬Ĺ񡣡
ӦǾֻͷеʳδ
Ĺңûĺáһ˵Ӧҹڵ̫ãֱǻʦء
ӦЦϲҲɹãӦҵĻʦرࡣƸĻʦԼйҡ
Ӧɺ͵͵󲮣£ɴûôЦ̫£
һѣô˵ģӦɺежӣûǿһĹҡ
ӦƵЦ΢ɼؽ
֮󣬽ĹҽзɳջȥӦǾ̧
û˵ӦɺӴһ𡭡
ѧ˵ζɳǳģڡӦָмһˣ
ܺãԡͻȻcueӣȥвˣڣҳԡ
һ裬ⳡһ޵ĳԸ¼Ӻ˽̸Ȼġ
ͳ꣬ӦҲûڻ׵£·ֻǵǹһԷѡ
ͼλѧȥӦӦǾ
òףӦ뿪󣬴Ħ˹Уڷ
ΪʲôôƣǲǿļֱĻӦǾ˵
Ա߽һҪ˵
ƫͷӦǾĻ׹ãʱӦû׼ɳǡ
á
ҪȥҪҪϼꡢǣʡ
ǡ

3sײһƵĻף£򳤴꣬ȴҪһܵʱɣʱڹڣʱӦɺӻ֣¼̡
ΪǹӦǾĻףڳҲ֣ӦɺӴڹҵʱ仹Ҫ
ʱûҪĲϣ̫ʱ䣬ۣ㿿ǽ˯ȥ
׻δ꣬ӦǾ޷ֻȥұ̺ϣԼռϢƽͨԺ֣ƺѾβڿʼءһ¾ҪøУѧм⣬ֻǼ̨ڵĸѾĵĲࡣ
˯Сʱ㾪ѹͷԼϵı̺
ԵӦǾȥŹĻָڰе㶯ظϢ
ӦǾŤͷľѡ
ץ̺˯ܾã
СʱӦǾ߹еı̺ڴĸлľϣȥæ
һļѾ洢ӦǾĸУʱҪ
Ԫ˧˵Ҫߡ룬üǸĵȥ1312Ȼȥ
ӦǾüǳǳЦ⣺á

3s죬Ħ˹Уڣֻǿڽ󣬻ɽҪףӦǾĻ׽й
ܻףĿľӦǾȥ󣬲κιɹڻײڽи죬Ϊṹܶණо򣬲ڵλñÿ
վڶ¥
ɽֶԸӦǾȻӦǾûжֻվǣ˵Ĺûڻһۼ
ս̾޳Ҫ
ӦɺӼضܳ3sգǽһܳ3sףҪǷȥֵһ𶯡
ŹĻϵݣʱ
Ӧɺӱգ߸̾ţư
Цһݱվڶ¥ͷʸմӻײճӦǾܻףȡʲô֡


310 
׺޳õͬɫ,ֻ޳ɫףɫΪףܻ෴ǹ,ֻ̫,ûκʣԸɫ
ӦǾ̧¥ƵĻ,Ӧȡ
δҪʷĻףȡҪңػؿ˭Ҳûȡ,ס
Ӧɺӳеֽţ¥ȥʲôʱֵȡ
׵֣ҪôǹƵĻʦȡҪôǻȡûñȡĵ
վ¥,Ȼ,ͽбذ
ض,Ȼ򵥣ԢԱߵͷ3sķͻȷʵضᰲ
ЦЦ,ûн,ˣΣ
ӦǾͷһۻף,бذ
¥£вѾպãŻ׽ָߵһ̨ǰСʹĥڽָϹճذ֡
м,òϸɾŵݸӦǾĻס
ӦǾֽӹָĦָȥ֣ʳָȴоеСˡ
Сˣǰסָֻ֣˿̨׵Ľָֻ֡
ͷϸ˿ָѻ׽ָӦǾָȥ
һ룬ӦǾԭŵָȻգ̧ۿ⣿
ָӦָܴϡӦǾ
ָţһָϵĽָȡ£ҿָܻ
׽ָСй涨ܸĴС
¥ڲ϶˰죬ŷһʽĽָΪһʦԸҪߣ̫ˣûǮ׷ֻۣ׷ʵãвѡȻϲ׵һСȦĽָܷϱذ
¥ֿһ֣ŽָݸӦǾԡ
ӦǾԼʳָϣϡ
ųף׽ָɣŤͷ˵һлл
֣ҪͼֽȻȥ
룬ȥ¥Ϻɢڵϵͼֽˣÿһͼֽ½Ƕҳ룬š
룬£һ¥һ̨ԱҵͼֽȥҪ¥ɨյĹ̨Ȼһ١
Ťͷһ¥ʼûмԭö׽ָ΢ü
ˣ
û۶ǣ˵һξ飬ʼ޳¸죬ͬʱɽõĻҪ
Ӧִ˰£޳ˣɽõĻҲˣ˵ĻȻԼݹʱҪɽԲԣٽϸڵ
ڣһĸ߲ʱѯӦǾ׵Ľȡ֪жϡвϣӦǾֻ˵ôʱڣΪһܳ3sףûи֪ס
ˣһǱҲڵһµʱڣƳ3sס
ʮǽˣ
ˡ
ӦǾƿˡ
۹УǼأ
ϼҪʼˣ˵ǱھУ

˵ӿڴϣ۾֪ʲô
Ӧɺӹţ𣿡
ùףˡ
û˯ãӦɺ˺һʵ
еʧߡڵ
ʱӦǾĻǸΣ
ֱһ±ӣûУֻ
ڼʲôΡ
ȥۿڡף·˵

ԣһֱεǸ޴ĻҼ룿üȻξĵصڼǹȥ
ֻΣǶʱһֱоƬǰȥǣΪŲ
ɽѣֻɫʣҲû˲ʲô
ȥĸ֪˵ӦǾһ۵
˵õģ1312Ļ֮ȥΪ13ļѾ˴Ħ˹УҪȥɳǣǱҲѾǰӵϢǹȥ
ɳǺͽѾڸۿڣˣǰ
ؾͺá˱߰ɣѧУ˶ء
֪Ⱥѧ㡣ҡͷȥģգͼλӣΪЩڲٳܡ
ˡԷ
ȻˣԷӦ룿/
ԽԽǰӦǾں档
ΣҪ鷳Ӧͬѧˡ͵
λʦרŹҲΪӦǾԭ

Ҫ̨֪ҪķѴĸ֪ӦǾվڻǰԱһҽǴĦ˹У£ʱ֯ġ
۾Ժ󣬴ְܷٷ֮ʮĸȾߡվǱ˵и߼ȾߣĿǰֶη˵ġ
һɵĸȾߣ˵ʲôܣϸϽҲȾߣȾߣȻС
֪ƽͨԺľѾû˸ȾߡһǰãӦνȷˡ
üȷ
Ӧν֮ǰֱȻ˵ָûгڴǰôȷΪڷǣ
Ǻˡת˵
ӦǾɫԲ԰ףжƺڴкࡣ
ĸ֪Ѿڿʼ⡣ӦǾ
лӦͬѧæͷʲôҪʱϵǡ
Ԫ˧ϣһֱߡӦǾҪסһ𡣡
ѧУڵ
סһ𣿡תͷվڻǰȥͽס׷ᣬֻ巿
ڵ׷أڳ꣬ӦǾڿ𣿡
ӦǾδش߳
Ұɡվſڵҡ
ͽ࿴˿޹Ǳɨ

оֵֹġڿɳϣŤͷԭסķģװʧ䣬ͻȻտյġ
ʱųԵȥҡһͷ߳Կûжˡ
ˡֱԱ߻ɽϵɽȣҲ⣬ͷˣҾ㷿һɳ
ǵ۶ǣôĿգתתҡͷϲͷš
ҪȥסӦǾһ׷࣬ͷȥûʲô
ߵڣţӦǾϵͷʣʲôҪģ
ֻͷ߽ȥѧУ׺͵۹УһȽСҲס˼졣
յ۶ϰģԱȣĦ˹Уֻе۹Уѧô󣬺Ǻܿͻ롣
סڶλãţŤͷϢһţʲô쳣Ӧܷ֡


311 Դͷ
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֮ľ벻ôԶ,δأӦǾ֪ߣ۱֪δ˯š
ͷ,۾źڰ,ӽҳȷʵܳһʱûǸΣȴҲʱʧߡֻʱӦҰҹ,ʵ̫۲Ż˯ȥҲδ
ڴϣѾŻ,һ䷿ӦǾҲȻδ˯¡
ֹãӦǾ׼ƣ̨ǰ˻,ϥڴ,ʶ˯ţ
ջϰߡһ,˯
ӦǾ£ȴûбۣùԲͨͨѶ
ü,㿪,δ,ڴӦǾڵŲϡ
ȫϲƵĵϣ˳ڻϣ治ϲԣ漰ı,˿ӦǾȴһЩ߰ĲϡٺŶ

ɹӦǾ˯š
ڶ죬ѹʱǱѵģѧУӦÿʼУ
죬Ҫȥ12ӦǾѾڿŤͷһˮ֮ȥģ
ǱߵľɽõĻҪǡ
ˣ⼸ɽõͨѶȴͨϵɣ˵û¡
ЩֻҪ׸ǱɵӦ£Ȼıô
ѾʼҿҶͦŵġ⴫
Ȼһ룬ǵű㱻졣ӦǾ߹ȥţſڵ˽
էһ棬ӦǾ͸վڿоӦǾסһֲζģֲǶѣŵĻ
ѧУ˭űӣʽĽ档
ʦѧУʦ꣬Ҳܰæ棬һȥ㣬ȥȥ
ȥһ·תط

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ȥʳóԷƽʱͼȣԼǲǸȾߣȴ֪Χͬѧǲǡ
ҲҪһȥѧУæʽǡ
ʦ˵˹ʦһ֧Сӻָָ棬ʦҲϣǸһȥ
ӦǾǵ۹УˣȻʦƷģ׻ԼѧŹȥŷġ
һûȥ12ʦ˵ǹȥ12˻ǡ
ͷ죬ʦѾǰ˵ˡ
һŲǰӦɺӦǾԱߣڻԼøܴĦ˹Уʳõɫ㣺ǰױһʼԣرϰߣӲָɣܺóԣԼСˡ
ӦǾһŰױҲŰ鱻Աߵȥüźۼ塣
ôһСӽУȻ̧ӦǾ
ӦǾһ룺óô
ɨһԱߵӦɺӣղųɺ˵ô࣬û
ԼѾݺõƸӦǾ룺ԡ
ҧŰűǱߵĵϣͷùɽӦɺӷϢ
үô£Ծôģж
Űױӵ£ˣôģ
ַһϢӦǾ£̫ðɣһǳɺø硣
ɺӴʦȷʵ̫ԾøҲԾȻԡ
ԷҪ¡
ҷƣ
һ緹̥ò׳꣬ĹͻȻ
ʶĺ룬һԤУߵ䣬˽ٽͨ
ȻӦν
þò״̬Ļе˺֮ǰòδ̫ı仯ȴоš
£ʵ
ǾߡӦν򿴲ߣֻºЦЦԭǣ㣬ǸȾҲ̫ðաڡҪǵİæ
˵
˵ѾǾһܳ3sסӦνѹֿ˼ƽֻж仹ҿֵĺ죬˵ڻ׷ӦҴô죬Ҫĳ3sӦҲˡ
ʦûкϵʵ
ЩûпͨѶӦνʣԻˣ
ͷ
ܺáӦνһ˲Σʱ䣬׷ٵһλʦ˶֮ǰ֪ˣ֪ɫһ£ӦǼǰˡ·úɫЩʵ飬˷ɱǰãҴУ֪ɫһԴͷֻг3sܽȥ
ԴͷüǸ𰸺֮ģ
ӦνҡͷҲΪпܻڻҹǣ޵ǿҲ޳ĵһطʼҵ֪Ǿ֮ǰڴװĺɫǻҹȡġ
ҪתͷӦǾر˽
ӦǾ󣬵ҹȷʵֺɫʱѾˡ
ԴͷСӦν򣬡ɽѾҹǣϣҲܹȥ߼ǰΪһʱںɫӭڣʱ죬㳹ûоȡ
Ҳпڷǡ
ӦνΪô˵
֮ǰһڻҼΡΪڼڡ
ȥҹǣȥӦνݾܾҾڷǡ
ӦǾվԱŹĻеӦνδʵмλ塣
£ҪϺˡתͷӦǾ

ȾߣȻܴڵġڡҪ
죬ʰ֪ʦ󣬱ֱӷҹǡ
ǽϣӦǾϵӦݣ֪£ҪǾ衣
кɫӦ𾪰ΣŷӦ㡭ôû˵
ʱҲǷԼ֪ʧأþӦǾ͡
Ӧɫǰᡣ
ɫ£Ҳ֪顣ӦǾ󣬱ִܵҹǡ
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Դͷڻҹǣ˱볷ˣֻг3s档ӦǾǰʾ
ͨѶҶϺӦǾߵԱߣڻͼֽֽṹֲȻ⡣ʣҪʲôף
3sʱδô
3sĿǰֻ֪ˡü䣬νĺɫԴͷ˿²
ӦǾ˼תת׹Ĵ㣺Ҫ糬3sĻף
Ȼasԣ3s3sҲС϶ֻҪĽṹ
ɷ⣬úɫϵɣ˽֮󣬱
ƵĿ缶ףʵѷɫλõ֪Ĵ¼Ҫֻס
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312 ֱ
ͣ,ںɽö棬û׸ǣʱ,û취Ի,ֱӸӦݣһ˻ҹ
ˣɽúѣŶδ,˱һȦо첻٣ⲻ֪ɽÿҲо
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Ӧ޷ܾҪܴӦ
󣬰˸˼ʻףѷ¹
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űĿɿڴ˶޲˺ֵĵҳҼˡ
Ҳûã㲻ǳ3sɽٴһ
Լڸף޳ڸʵ
֪ͷʡ
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죬Զ
ǰɽ˶ߡ
ǳ3sͨ3sױӦɺɵˣ3sȣһϣһϡ
ԶѾ˵߹Щ޴¼Ҷ
֮ǰף뵽һС߹ͻɽ缶ףҲʽ
ɽǵƳ缶׸ǡ
һУɽкɽ֮ǰ˷ҲͷˣڰȻ֪ղ
֪֮ϣʱ֪մˮһ˦ڿը֪뷨ҲܸŽһԼʽ
ͨףø֪
ԭø֪ٿءԼޣĳһأ޷
ѣɽöҲ޷ǿø֪סԼȴ޷Լ֪ˤ
ɲԣӦǾͻȻֶָָ̧ͷޱҲ֮ǰըһǰʵ廯ϵ޳ѪûմһΡ
ҷˡ춼ûܳɹϣָҲֱսˣ
ƫͷĿʧޣüʺָӡ
ʽԭָΪв򵽣ӦǾΪһ3sָӣȻҲѧᡣ
֪ġӦǾ֣ʺϳá
ûǵ֪żһοԡ
һ·ϣ3sɽû֣ǳɹߵѷ¡
ɫѾӦǾվ±ߣ·
ͷ¿֪ΪΣǿҲɫԴͷ
ֱĪ


313 ͷ
һȥ,µײʲôҲûУֻһЩʧ޵ʬ,ʲôɫ·ڹ
ͻȻѳôѷ죿ͷȥ,ѷδ̫ˡ
ѷǺɫԴͷǲʲôط,ɫԴͷ϶ûôҡ
ӦǾ΢΢ۣ֪ͷŸ⣬͵Щһʱٿظ֪ʼһ,ÿһʹø֪ʧֽһûǲ־һ֮󣬳3sָӵĸ֪һߡ
̽ɫʱվԭ,Χ,ûκθо,ϵϺ֮ǰǸΡ
ãӦǾջظ֪ûз
Ҫ˵Դͷһɫļû,ǼȻ,Ͽô򵥻ȥ,ѷ¶Ҫһ顣
ֻѷ˸֮Ҫ޳һ·ɱȥȫ׾ˡ
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һѾ˼δ̽ɫټ
ҹһʱ䴦ںڰУ˲ƣУûʱϢ˭Ҳ֪ɫԴͷʲôʱ򱬷
һ϶£ûСӦǾǰµԴͷڻҹǡ
ҲûԴͷӦӵǸ˵Ĵ󡣡
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ȥ֪ˡһȥ
϶һʲôҲûУûԴͷûкɫ
ûԴͷǵĺɫӺζɽͻȻӦǾ
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ڼ֮ʱȻԱ߻ӵ濳ȥһѷ졣
ȫǺصʯ棬Ͽʼѣ¶Ŀ
һͷ޴ޱȵʬǲУѾȥɫͷŵɷ˽䡣
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ӦɫͷܿĩⲢͷ޵ȫòƺطչ
ͷֹô󡣡Ӧֱͷеȫɸɾ
ԣԱ߿һһѿȻкɫǼӡ
ѵԴͷɽеͷšʬʵ
֪ԴͷӦӼҪȥͷʬǵͷɳ档
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Ҫһ㣬ɳֻ׸ߣȫ쳤ҲʮףӦӴδ˵ɳйЩͷصӡ
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ԭѷôģͷɳ汬ըʱĳµ²ѷ죬Щʳɳ深ܵĺɫŻɢµףֻǻδüʲô㱻ӦǾȥ
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һӦǾ㽫ɳеʬǳ״ݻ٣һ˿ɫϢ䡣
ûԴͷ϶ȥǡ
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3sʻŻףӳľ޴ΧΪ֮𾪡
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ФסǸȾߣ
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Ϊʲôûʧأϰͨüʵ
٣ֻ㹻֪±3sԵ˫s壬ǰô˵ʵ飬ԹҲֻѣ֮ʧܣҲḶۣһԭĸ̡
ФͻȻеͬ鼪¡
һߣһ̤ȥǵ·ϡ
ǽϣɽͼϵӦν򣬵û˽ӣͨѶ̫ˣɽҲֻһ
ϵǵĶɽվԱߵ
ɽϵˣЩ֪ӦνԭڷǣֻܵŵִﷲǣȥӦν

պ󣬷øۿڡ
ɫ£һɫѼñǰ档
ôææڸֻףûǰ·һǽܸܷǴ̹ǵ䣬Ǻܿۿûһ߳ȥ϶䡣
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һסӦǾӱȡ´£ݸ
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ֵܣһůǿҪûɽһ롣
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ԽֱӾܾΪʲôͽԼˣͷ״ӣȻ˴⡣
ͬѧֹҧЩͷ


314 Բ
ͷ
Խ˵һӦӦ,ͣ½ŲŤͷʣ˭
֪ͨѧҡͷûǴ˷,ͷ,һ˵ͷëڵѡ
ӦӣԽ˲֪ΪһȻӦˣǼ˴žǴĦ˹УԱ,Ҳˣ
һλ˭ɽǶ̷ͷҲ,ڼϣƽʱС
벻ףԽ˱תУſȥ
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תת,һ㲻Ծ,ëôӦǾһû仯
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СӦӼֵ
˻ִɽѾվڽԱߣҲһ㣬ǾͲˡ
治鲻ԸͷŸ֪֣סķ纮
Խǰ˸ѾĸƣһվϣţɽͽĲڷУӦӻִø硯⣬ӦǾ
˿ʼִʱվվԶ롮սӦǾҲ
ƽͨԺŰΣȻͷ⿴ӦǾüβ΢̧ʱߡ
ʱԽ˴ѧУڣһ۱˭ȻǴĦ˹УӣһȻӦǾɽкɽҲڣ˴һʲô
ߣվǰ˵ǸȾ
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ﴽЦδ۵ףĿޣңæ
˵ԽԷӦһ᣺ɫԴͷ
ܷܲи㣿ظһ顣
Խվԭ˼ãշȥԣҲҪһȥ
νԸȥס

ʱȣһֱûӦνϢϣԽ˸ڡ
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һϵڣԽҪÿؼ˱շֱ֣׾١
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Դһκڲ¶ֵ˲ڴǲǱܹ׼㹻Դ飬ٿػףҲзʻ
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ʦȫɽе
һĬʮ࣬ðӣ뿪ˣ˫ܻҪлסȾȫ͸ǰĴۡ
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ڷɹûжԶ־лվڷǰԭؿʼ
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Ӧνɫڱϣɫ԰ףһʱ侹֪˸ףͷףʶѾʼɢ֪ȻڳһطͷšԱ߼ܿ
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ӦǾʱ˳Ӧνĸ֪ȥһ޴ԲҼ룬ڲͣѹΣӦνͼֹͣ¡
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Ӧνһ˫ڶڼ䱻٣УΪȾ޴ۣʹôĸ֪⵶š
Ŭ۾ӦǾǸԲ㡣
3sʱʧʷУӦν˷ŵģȾҽƶУҲԼҽƶӣҵΪӺǱˣӦνΪ֮еעǱ֮С
Ӧν֣ô֪ӦǾĸ֪ˣɢ3sҪ˶֪ӦǾǳ3sֶлؼĸȾ
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Ӧνûа취̫ˣһսвʧˡ
֪ǳ3sʱԶԣһǿ룬ǾݷѪҺккɫı塣ʱӦνĵһӦֳȥǲ֪ĳ3sǲΪɫеġ
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һ޶ܸȾĳ3s
ȵ¶ԼǻʦһӦν֪Բ
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ʣӦνǶǵ
Ӧν۾վӦǾԱߵָűĻҼǺɫԴͷ
ĿɨҼ룺֪в֪ࡣ
ˡӦν򶨶ӦǾƿߣҲ֪Դͷʧôܴ䡣
ߵһߣηùڼǰ


315 вң
ڱ̫,ֻһʦһʱ޷ɽǰ,ɽӦν,3sȥ
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ʲôֻǸ⣿ɽƲеˣԱë̺ļ
Դ⣬ٶҲáЦԤֹɫԴҪĴĸ֪,
ͬĻʦ,Ҫʮꡣӹ,벻ͬδ뿪ǣһֱ⡣Ӧνʱúڽ,ԭ,ôѾ̫,¶䣬жദȪдڶڵԸ£ôҲû룬Ӧνû,Ĵ
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վڸͫкɫŤŤĿĮӦǾȥ
ɽһʱ䷢ʧˣҪӦǾ֣Ҳǰ
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һʼҼƭǣװֹͣ仯ƭӦνĸֻ֪ӦǾĴ֪ܸܵãҼǺɫʳý顣
ӦǾ˸֪ޱ鶢űµĻҼ룬̫۾ͫױ仯ԼĿȨ
Ŀ̫רעעӦǾϣɫĪ棬͵͵ƭ㣿
ָ˼Ƕ࣬һİתǧأûƺ󣬹˵һλԴ
ӦǾ嵭Դﱬ˻ᣬһᡣ
ͻɨˣɿӦǾ֣һвң
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ԭ޴ĻҼѾСһܻײСҼ뿪ʼڰ䡣
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ڿᱬըӺɫˡ૵ҲһϢ
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λǳ3sף޷˼⡮ޡÿһιϣһֱɢɺùЧܴ򹥻ڵϡ
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ǡӦɺӹ۲Ƕ˵Ļһ¹ֱٻ׵İٷ֮ʮĻ󺰣ÿһλų3s˲֣
˵䣬ܺӰ죬ʧӲҧż
ҧȥӲס⡮ޡҧҪ˦ߡ
ޡסβƺЩջ˦һβϡǿҵײûײ³ڵѪʼҧſβ͡ʱɽҲһֻɹҪסһβֻ͡ˣⲻһޣǺ
βͱʱʧ³һߣɽβһ˦˻ɽһ߳
ʸߴٷ֮ʮɽҲֻʣ°ٷ֮ʮսԣսȥˡӦɺӼ˿ǿָӣԭĸ֪޷ãӦǾֻվԱ߹ս
һתסֵǿȥǣӺ޴Уԭĺƺһˡ
3sЧ
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Խԭڹޡţͻɽβѹƣз/ǹһǱȥֵסһ˦ϵβ
/ǹ˿̺Խ˺һ̴ֱͦͦβ϶βͻʧٿػ״ŷ/ǹڰתݺݴһβͻɽһ𹥻β͡
⡮ޡβٶʧͻƹˣٴ뵹ڵϵ
ɽ̫Զ򱻻٣޷ʱȥֻܴ󺰣㿪
лβͣ㿪ٿأֻܿ벻ү⣬ᷲˣô䡣
һѷǹȥ͸һβͣԽ˸˹ȥץһӣû취㿪һβˡ
ߡ
ϣӵնβ
ŤɽԽ˵ǻɵ˺ֵ̫ͣ뿪
£ֻͽ
ɽҧԽһбб롮ޡΧ
ڱǿӦǾһֱڹ۲⡮ޡǿٶ仺ʱţƺԽԽӦ磬ϽǵĹԼ
Ҳȫ벻취һδ֪Դ֪ĳ3sֻȫʻų3sף̫˺3sָӸ֪֣Ǹûΰ취
ɽ͵ٶųƣϳ3sףĪ
ı˦ü죬Ӱ·һž޴ÿһ޶ڡޡϣһϲٿ죬ٿһһʧ
Щ⡮ޡԣڱ仯һһǿ
βͳɽ˦ȥɽж㿪ͬʱӱ޳޳ȥ
Ƶϲ۵ʽɽзˣֻúʧβͷı仯
ʱٳȥеֵɽȥƫһȡ
˿β˿Ѿ˿һ㣬̴ɽлײա
磡ɽĿѣײն̴ɽоڻײС
ң⡮ޡϣ˦ݺҧȥĿͬŻײաۿɽҲҪ⡮ޡУӦǾճ֣һɽǰɺɵġޡ̰㽫Щ֪ɣɽȡʱ䡣
ɽѣ⡮ޡӦǾĸ֪ԭ»ָ룬ӦǾ
ȥģֵޱվ⡮ޡǰ


316 һ
յޡǰ,ӦǾֻҪ˺󲽣ͷޡ˺3sָӵĺ,ʳ,Ҫĸ֪
ͷޡ˻ýƺֿʼ,ͻŭ񹥻
ܲԼڵĺΪͷޡڡ
֣Ⱦ,ж᲻Ծų⣬Ψ˺ϷûָоԴӻҼгġޡͬûųУֻǸԼҪɱⶫ
ֵӭȥ,ûİæ,ͷޡʳ3s֪,ԭܵ˺ȫָļѡ
ͷޡȫȳ3sײΪʲ׾˺ɽõĻ,ͬǿȵĶ,Իз顣
ս϶,ԶӦǾȥģֿʼ¶ֱ顣
֯ĿУԭ޳ɾָţԶҪ
顪
ޡ赹,β͵˿γ֣ײմȥ
ֵͻóϵ͵سţϵն˿ͬʱҪӦǾ
ǵٻǳ3sҷԼߣӦǾʲ⣬֪
Ҫҡ䣬˺󡣡
ӦǾŲ١
ͷޡҪĸ֪Ȱ˵ԶԶġԽ˲ӦǾ
ֻиˡӦǾ̫ɫشĸо
鵽֣л˭ûеöԺɫžѹƵĳ3sָӵĸ֪ΪɫԴͷ֡ͷޡ̫ƻ˶⣬װ3sָӵĸ֪˺ʵȡָǵĸ֪㵽ֻϹӹӣšԭΪҼ仯Դͷ˭ûϵҼ뵭󣬻ֺġޡ
Ǹˡɽʾǿߡ

ɽаϰ뱧ţɽдӻײϳѪ˿̴ײգ޿ɱ⡣
Լĸ˲״ɽоѵ޷侲ɽУԷѾûκʶ
ڻƲգ̧ȥӦɺƹߵɽߣ̧ɽУûˣǾȥơ
֮ǰӵǵҵɽв࣬ǿס
鷳ҸȥɽĨ۾մѪŪϣ½ȥףǱ߹ȥҪȥɱͷޡ
ǰԸͷޡɽΪŭɱ߽ڡֻҪں΢ʴԭѹƵĸ֪
ܱɸȾߣҪѡ
ҧ⣬ԼźȫȥͫΧѾȦĿԽ䡣
סβ͡ɽ
ʱɲõԥɽûȥԼ᲻ֻ谭ޡ
ͬʱԾߵ㣬˫סֵݺݴޡƤĵûУٺˣޡԭҪɢƵط壬ӿ첻ĵסɡ롣
ԭŨʵġޡ䵭ΪĺתȦ׷ֺ£
ҪʧҪٶȣǿ⡮ޡ˺ѡҪ⣬ҪͷųԼȫĸ֪Ϊ֤ţֱֳĸ֪ѹƺΪʲֻ֪bԭ
ʼó3s׺пȫٿԼĸ֪ʶ²µ֪ѹƵԭ֡ҪɱɫԴͷ֮󼴱㳹׳ɸȾߣ˻лȥ
ѩϵˣĪܵǿ٣˵Ŀⲻ޳ϣڵļ̲סߵǰˣǱߡ
ױ֪ǰŤͷӦǾЦǰ˵ģ
·ֻѼ΢С£ģ⡣
⡣
ӦǾŶָš׹ָڹ
Ŷĸ֪ȫڷڣǺų3sĸ֪Ծ۾ױɺɫûԼҪ¡
֪ȫٿػףֵɲӰޡδӦ֮ʱֵиԭ̳ʵĺ䵭дԽ࣬ɫԽ
ֻǡ
Ϊʧʱ䶯ţ·㡣øСֻиǸߣ۵ȸղŻʵ廯γֵĲǡޡ
ײڣź澹ֳָҼ룬ֻΣҼ벻ʧǱ仯
٣ԶԶźĿѪӱŵ˹˲ۣ⻹ܱˣ
УźֿʼɸˡˣƤϵĺëܿ
е졣Խüźγɵˣܾ
˿ӦɺѾͽӷͼġˡ𾪺壿
壿ԽǸ𰸺֮
ʧٶꡣӦɺӿųġˡе㲻ģǾ⣬Լѹ
ӦǾǸˡǹǾĸףǺ
ӦɺӴסԴͷ£
㡭Ҫɱ𣿡ͷ޳ڵ񿨴ĵӣ㹻˵ʲ
˼Ƥ񶼸˭δɫԴͷģ֮ǰǡޡ
ӻײڳջףվţ˫͵ȫɫ۾
ɽʶѾŪʲ
ûпɽֻۣ΢΢̧֣εĸ֪ƷɽеĻס
̨3sףֱ̧㵹
ֻǳ3sԽĶ֪Ǻļӳɣ
ӦǾš׹иоĸ֪Ҫ˶ҪǿΪֻĸ֪ܴԺиĸ֪
˵𡣡ܴ
ͬ˫ȫɫ۾ջ㣬쿪ֱۡ

ͷǵسԺУס֣ʦ֪ͨԸӵĺ볬3sĸ֪Уʳڵ
㣬ԭˣӱסֱۿʼʧɹɹɺԴԴϳӿȥ
濴ȥֵĻ·Դͷ
Խס棺ȥֲѡϣĦ˹Уܵ˺
ԱӦǾϣʲ
漸˵Ŀƹȥ˲֪Ӧɺ̫׹ĶǸԶ̿أֵѹŶ˿ϣʵø磬ʲĶ
ӦǾԶǸˡָڱը/ҩ


317 
ӦǾĻ,סԽףĦ˹Уȫˡ
˵ȥȡը/ҩŻ˵,ǰӦǾһ,ҧʵȡ
סӦǾȡը/ҩ,ǻ˿أѿը/ҩĿظ㣿
ǡӦǾ
Ħ˹ɫΪѿ˭ٿ,ǻɽȻؽ㣬ڹؼʱ֣ϣ
ƢҪϻɽ˵ĻҲֻҧͷ,Ϊ֪ʱѡ,뼺ΪȾߡ
Զ
㡢㡭ɹǾ׵ġˡڼÿ˵,ҪӿɵĽᡣ
Ȼڽͬһĺ,Ӵ嫵֪,
ֿ,ɺ೹ʱԭѹƶ֪ڳױ֪ͺһͬѪҺзڡ
֪ǿǿú,һͬ˯СڱһһҲںһʱ䣬֪ռϷ磬һΪǿŨĺ
ɡˡʱڵĺ׳ʧǹɺʼռϷ磬Զ롣
ֱ仯ѩϵҲܹ۲óӦǾܲǹɺʢΪ3sָӣϢʮԱߵɽҲѾս˼׼ʱ֡
ˡôһһʧɸɾһ˿վԭãΧҪǰȥ
ͻȻˣŤͷЩ˿ȥһ˫ȫ۾ɱ⣬ӦǾ֪̫
һ룬㳯ӦǾȥȻѵġ
ɽҧӵֱӳȥ
Сģɽ۾ʶ
ɽлڻײڣһ˵˵ס3sҲֿ
ϡ
תͷ̧֣һɺӿӲƫɽеĹ
ѾʼٿغˣѩϵļԽأڵ״ǳȥԴͷԴͷһ塣
δӦ֮ʱɽһνóѣٵó3sָӵ֪ºɫҪŰˡ
ϣӹͷŤͷ˲ȥףתɽС
3sԾ˵ѹ׼ȷ֮ǰԴͷޡ߹Ǿĸףɽл˺ڻл֮
̫ǿˣԤɽÿһʱϣֱƷɽУһŲڻײմá
ɽл׵ֽŹؽȫжˣĻױƵģЩֱ׾٣ȵ÷۾һŲȴײա
ҵġˣƫͷɽУ˻Ƶӻڴ
۾ɽۣ
˿ˣҪ֪˾ȻҪߡ
вȴײգ̧ɽ߷ɡ
ڿУеɽУ
˰۵ˣֺһ㣬˻ףתӦǾȥпԱ˽ǵĿ⡣
ߣԽҪԭص뿪ֻ˶
ӦǾתͷ棺Ǵ뿪
Ż߹ߣ֪ʱ뷨ܽܡ
ǻߣӦǾü۱棬һϸָӣ֪ôȨס
ãͱ˱ۣǿߣҲϣ¡
Խ˱ӦɺӷŻɽٳȥļͣһȦϵɽнߣֱӳߡ
ŤͷűѾӦǾԽԽˡ

׹̫ʹָ죬ӦǾ֪뼺ԽԽŲŲ
վţżҪˣսᣬһϡ֪ڿУһ˿ԣҪ֪
ϧֻһ㡣
ӦǾһֱŵĵ׹ϣ̧۶۾Ȼһ׹ڼϡ
ͷз֪ĲʧȥȤҪֱӵ
ӦǾָϣֹĶͷż֪յҵ֪
3sָӵ֪ԴͷǲŸոںʢ˵Щ֪Ǿ޴ջ
Щ̧֪۶У
ӦǾµ׹ϣָϰťأдһ˿ǳЦ⣺С
ʱ˻ɢҪ֪սȥᣬҪӦǾϡ
ԶԶȥӵˣǸͼ
ӦǾ𡣡
֪ԣЩĪѣڣҪһʱӦǾȻ°ťء

޴ıըڼδȫɳķϣĦ˹У˽Ժ۾ֱѪ˹ȥ֪ΪǷʲôѣĻ̡̻

̨ǰͼУѧһڼɫԴͷ֮ȥϤƳ缶׵ĳ3sʦ˫޾Уڴ˴ΧжСˣΣڵϦжָӦνУ3sɽУ۹УָӦǾĦ˹УҲƲսơ
ýһɫм伸ͣ١
һȻ󾪣ڻδüǰһȥԴͷ֪ô೬3sͻȻˣӦǾΣڵϦ
ڣýȫ𵴡
ýôãڳ缶׵Ϣתýͱôš
ȥļҽԺ
ָˣһд֣һҪǲɷã
ý룬ҪõһϢ
ýƬӦɺվҽԺУǽҪݣɫ㲡͵˼֡ͼӦɺӶҽԺ԰̳ϣѹֵؿˡ
⼸֡ͼڶʵ
ǶʱվڲУԼһŶԭ򣬽ΪӦָӣǿɳ飬ʦɽҡ
ϤУ̾ϢͷҪʲôϵҡ
䲡Ӧνѹһ𣬿˯Уҽ˵̫ˡȫ̴ɽһ䲡Ӻãָ졣
߳׼ȥһ߽ȥӭһӣƫͷ¶㿪ôˣ
һҹȥƾʲôҪô˵
ըʱ㻹뿪ΪܻӦǾΪʹʵ廯֣񡣡
ץһͷ۾ӣסͷţ


318 ƻ
ɫԴͷ,¹ش󣬾оפǣڼΧӡýºŵ,мֵľУȻ,ȥΪʱ
۷׷ף˿̼Ҳվ˾ӣһʮ˶,ҪǷкɫĲ
һ֧СѩѰĿкãӵϢʱ,նɱޡʱڴдʣһϢȴͺɫԴͷͬھ
нǾߵһӣ⼸֧飬,ʡ
,Ʈѩ,˹ۣȥмѩĿȻûƽ,ʱ3sԱж
վڴӱԵ,һԲű,ӵϢ󣬱㼫ٸԭΪֻѧЦˣȥҽԺܼ˻,ȥҽԺֻгĬĸˡͻɽǿ۾ҲģӦÿҽԺȷۼһȦڻڲ󣬾Ҫܳ˺ֱɽΣȥ
⼸˵ıĻ벻ĳ¡
ϧˣĦ˹Уʱ˲á·һѩڱţ۹Уг3sָӣָӻг3sףɽҲг3sףȻɽеĻ׻˴룬ɽл׻ǵģο˵ɽұԺ۹УУҪ档ǲеĳ3sʦ˫޵ѧԱˡ
Щ죬ý֮Щ긶Ĵ𽥸ˮ棬һЩصĶҲߵɽұ֮һ
·ɢеıѩҲˣϾǸȾ
ȥǸȾ
·ʼ磺ܲл˶ǸȾ
վԱߵȻ˳Լǻˡ
ڼѲʱӦҼԹҪӦǾص۶ǣڴ֮ȥӦνýĵӦƲǽ뿪
һƬ꣬Ӧλ3sָӣȫ֮УΪbӦ壬ȴҪӦҡ
ʦҲһȥˣվҽԺȣͷŹλϵţʴӲĻɽ
ţʦ˵ҪӦָһ̡ɽϲţְ̧˰ǣ侲ȥһˡ
ڹȥʲûתһֱŹλĹĻ
ڼڣȥҡһĶ
ӴóһƬըٵ½ǣȥˣҾȥըֻ̫һڱС
ɽŽϵ½ǣǴĦ˹УѵҲ촩·
ҲˣҪشĦ˹УʦϣʱҪУҲȥʰɡСջ½ǣ˫ִŶ뿪
ɽվڱ󣬺Ȼʣһˣˣ
ʱǼʻһƲգʼգǵĶһӦνͼȥʱҲһСͷ
ѧҪ˼ɨͼûзɽ
ͣ½ŲͷŻɽʲҲû˵ֱ뿪
ɽվԭأúȻЦıǽߣ»ͬҲţ

ȥ۶ǵĳһǽϡ
ҽʲʱѣӦվڲ֪޾ʡ
˵֪ģڼشѹҲŲͷˣĸӣ緢꣬ټʱ
Ӧס˵֣ΣҪѹһ磬ˣ̫˵Ļ
򴽣󣺡ҽѧзһģ֪ʵ飬ѹĿӳһʱ䡣
Ӧﴲϵͷѹɣν£Լġ
ͷ֪ˣǾ
ûʲ£ˣҪ鷳ҽν򡣡Ӧ
֮¡
ҽҳӦ·ʳãȫװû֭
С
ӡӦˣָԱһƿǸ
費ҪҰ͹ȥԱߵ˼ӦСͳҪߣʶʡ
ءӦܾԼųװŸֲ˷ϣӦǾϢȥ
ǽӦԼУȥ⣬ıʣÿһ䷿ҪͨǽöࡣӦǾӦν򱻴󣬱㱻ͷסšӦνֱסҽƼ䣬ӦǾסһͷ׼䣬ƽʱûǱţֻӦȥ
Ӧ彫Ƴţţ棬ʲ¼ǵϵҡת뿪
˰ΣӦǾڴ߳ţͳƽȥȫϣƿ֪֭ʲƬ̣ųȥ
Ҵһˣ۾˯ǣ˿κιԡ
ӦǾߵĳ룬óһÿ䣬ƾ˲ֱһСƤٽͷỺ̽Ƥڡ
һ룬йĶӽͰһᣬϵ˶ָ΢΢˶
ӦǾָϣϵȴٿȻ۾ɱڵ˫۶
ˡӦǾȥ⣬֣ķŸ֪óԷˡ
ûҲ䣬ֻںĵĸ֪һֹȥԵĸ֪
ţҲˡ
ӦǾ£ָԼĵĸֻ֪ͷһ㣬ȻԲ⣬оʿȡеĸ֪
ˣ֪ҲʧӦǾת
ϲ仰Ҫĸ֪
Ҫ֪ȳԷӦǾ¡
вˣвˣûбֳһԷ
ϲȵĹ֭ӦǾһ֭Ƹ
ڵ۾Ǻȸɾˡ
ԭų극и֪ˣһ̧꣬ǸƵ׹ιȥˡ
ʧȥʶһ룬˼һΣ˵ĵ׹ˡ
ʱ䵹أ졣
˼ʻ뿪ӦǾ棬Ҫĸ֪˶˹ֱӰ˵׹İťء
ûеıըֻбε
ӦǾ׹ޱŻҼľ޴һֱˡ
˵ը/ҩĿأڻеʦʱӦǾ֪λеʦԺը/ҩûѹŨΣʱæ׹ûзֻеʦֽš
ӦǾŻԵӦνҷڣһȥ뿪Ӵĸ֪һƬȫը
֮Ϊɫĸ֪ԵϢȥ
ӦǾ˭Ҳδ֪Ħ˹У˶ӦòµʲǱҲ˶á

ڴϣӦǾվԱ߰š
ƻ


319 һ 
ó±,ЩȥƺָֻƽɫԴͷˣɨȾ,Ҳڷ֮,жչ
ڼûѰκζȫȥھ߲Ҳҽгƿؾ档
,𣿡Ԫڰ칫ǰӦǾ¡˭Ҳû뵽,㲻𡣡
˴Ħ˹Уˣи֪Խˣ˶ΪǺͺɫԴͷԱھ
⣬ؽʱڣͳ˾ڵھæԪ̾,Щ,13Щ˿ܻ,Ϊѫ¡ϧˣǺӣʵǿ,
곯ӦǾȥ,ʱ͵۹У伸ֱѧУ,ΪȾάҲδ뵽ڼ
Ԫ˧ϷֱѺڵھȥӦǾûнӹ¡
Ԫ㶣㻹֪
ӦǾ̧ۣ֪ʲô
ϷɱԱ߼,Ϊ˷ֹⷢʬѾˡ
ʲôʱ£ӦǾʡ
ϷֻܽرȫУÿ̶ӪҺͨ͹ȥ뿪ܺ󣬱ɱˡԪҡͷϢδʳûܰæǾΪʲôȻ
ɫԴͷֻϷˣûа취ȥͨϺɫӦǾƽȻѾˣֻгȥиȾЩͨ˲㲻¡
ˡԪ¶ӦǾǾҺͳ껹Щ̸
ӦǾͷתȥߵţվͣƬ̧̣뿪
Ԫ˧վڰ칫ǰżԪ£Լʲô¡
ûˣúԪ˧ԪָָԱӣʾ
󲮣ʲô£
֮ǰ3s˵ˣӦǾҵȥҹǣǳ3sָӣԺ޷ι̰ꡣԪ͸˿ͣҲˣԺڵھ¡
󲮡żԪ£סԼ׽ָȥսǸ
ڲֻնɱ·ҲڵھôꡣԪ˵⻰ѵò֪ǺӣЩָ˼̫磬ҵġھѪ䡣
ֻ3sɽлɽжǳ3sǻƳ3sףھʵߵӦôѡͷ
꣬ô£ԪüûбȫĥˡЩ˵Ҳǿ˭뵽Ǽһߵλֻ룬Ȼܰȥοڽ֪Ҳᷢ
󲮣ͻȻվǲǸȾټ½Ϊ˺ɫʵ飬֪3sʲô֪
㲻ôԪż꣬ȻɣҲӦֻǲʵ಻ô
Ҳ´´¡ͷֲҡ
ˣȻȥԪ°̫ѨյԺ̸

׼뿪ھӦǾվԱߣ߹ȥô⣿
ѧУڼ䣬ûзʲô£ӦǾʵ
ûУֻ˼ɧңڼȾڼ䡣ӦǾĦ˹УǼˣʱҲڳ
ӦǾͷмæѺϷмأõǰ¼񡣡
ûΪʲôֻ뿪ǰ˾䣬ҵ󣬻ȥ
ҵ£ȱҵ˵
ӦǾ뿪ӰȻЦ˳ԭҲ˵ǰǸӦǾ߲ٲŹȥ꣬˺¶仯ô

Ӧҡ
ѪҺ⡢֪仯ڱȶЩݼ¼ýź󣬱յӦǾͨѶϢ۶ǣӦǾôϵϣݵڻûףӦֶζࡣ
ôӦǾŽʵ
΢Ȼᣬغϱȶԡڲٿش͹ԣĻʾ˼ߣէȫˣ
Щͼغ
ӦǾüǰϷŴߣֱĻ޷ٷŴ󣺡
۾˰죺ӰԣǱ仯ڷı䣬ֻ̫ϸ΢ˡ
ݽ伸ҲжԱȣ˷ܵڸ֪ڻȻڴ·磬ʱգѹƹ֪̫ǿˣⶼܳš
ӦǾŹĻߣȲָɡ
ò˼Ρݵ̫ҹԺöˣߡǿ֣Ҳټˡ
֪
Ǳֽ׶Ӧûڴ֮ǰҾҵҩ档
ʱ鷳ҽˡ
ҸݴкԼȻȥס׼ϣ
ŹأӦǾߵߣ˯ָϷֻƫƫϷ˿

13˵ִ۶ǰ죬ӦǾյ˹ѺϷأûȥھǴӦңЩء
غܼ򵥣ֻÿ춨ʱͲͣżи߲ȥʣھ߲ǼжʱΪ˱ӡ
ӦǾżϷɱǷӣǽײǽ޷˺ԼϷڴϣѡҧԾ
ǰͷǺסϢ
ӦǾﲻԣطӦҼԱǲû˶ֽţڶ죬õظȻйʮ롣
ǵھ߲ȥ룬⴦Ϸɱʱ롣
ӦǾޱű棬Ȼھ߲㻹⡣
ǾˣӦͨѶӦǾȥǰԺ䡣
ӦǾرչԣǰԺȥǼԭӦν򷿼䣬뿪ӦҲûз⣬Ѳ涫ܵ˲ƻ
ϵʱӦνڴϣǰĻȫǸýţԱӦҲں˵顣
ˡӦڸӦǾˣ֣ѹֱ˵㡣
塣ӦǾǰ
ӦνЦˣ겻ºЦݣΪɫ԰ףЦ̫̫ԵЩִ١
̫ûлؼˣʲôӦʡ
Ӧν˼磬Щ
УȥóǾ塣Ӧתȥ
ӦνڴϣɼĻţ˵֮ǰûв𣬻ڲˣ
š
Ӧν̧ͷԼֶӣܲôըţ
ӦǾ
Ӧν˿ɫֽĻȫرգɻȥӦǾ״ǰ¡
ˣԷʱٺӦν

˻ᣬӦνȻиûϡ


320 
ǰʱ,ýһרĿǼ,Ϊ,ôЩ˵νǣΪǼȫȾߡǰƱػǣ,ɡɽ顭ЩȥȾߵĶڹվ
Ӧνѹ㿪ʼý,ÿýܽ
һӦǾԺ˲˵֣İ׮ֵ̫࣬ˣеλˣֵӦν,Ȼʲôͨˡ
Ӧνûл,۰˯ȥ,һֱӦδѹ
¾ȥҿšӦе¶ȥ,,Ӧν
ӦǾתͷ뿪,غԺƿţڻ˯ɨһԱߵѼȻһ٣ӵλƶˡ
üѼĺ,֧ҩȫˣԭԵͻȻһѽڴϣס֣ϥѹסȣá
ӦǾڴϣϷˣ侲ҩ̫࣬岻á
ӦǾ˵Ļһѳϵڼϣû취üιȥˡ
ӦǾʵڶӪҺ
˺֣ץԱߣְڴͷӴԥһᣬڶ룬ȻһӪҺζ
ҧһƿιϵ˺һû£Žһ֧ȫȸɾ
ʱ䣬ͬΪֱѳڵӪҺȵ߰˰ˡ
ǶθĶǡ
֪ӦǾһһٵ̫ûг˵ˣеɳƣ֪
ӦǾƫͷطȷ֪ڵĺ᲻ǿ
ȴΪھܾüظ֪
ٵȼ졣ӦǾڵ۾΢ٺһ㡣
ԭ˵֪Ƕ˵ʧ񣺡еÿ
֪ȰҰֽ⿪òãӦǾ
ԭ֣ˣתôĴָĴģģ˼
ȤߣָĦӦǾĴȻô֪ˡ
ӦǾͰر۾ͣЪת˼˿ȫ崻ȫڴϵָϡ
۾Դȫ۾һ˲ˣҲһ˲ָֻܿԭӡ
һᣬҲʧȥȤȱǵСѣʼͷһһӦǾ֪֪
ӦǾ۾֪Ϊμ˿̵ӣ۴ЩЦ⣬̽˻֣Ҹ֪ҽ⿪
ĳԥһᣬǰӦǾ⿪ϵߣȻһ˫ڵ۾֪
ӦǾۿżϵĺָۣͷһ˿֪ȥ֪
һ֪̫ˣӦǾڹ۲״Ȼû֪üۼ˲ͷ
ÿҲŻô֪ӦǾʱû֪
Ǳʶƭˣ벻ƭģȨã˵ˣһ֪Ҳԡ
磬֪ҵġв
á

ڶ쾮ҽѾѵһɫûסӦǾ
ѾʧЧˡӦǾҽճļһһԡ
ԾȾߴbossˣܰҼ⣿ɱǶ漣ɡ
Ⱦ߲һӦǾͷһ֪㳯߹ȥһ֪Ҳǣż¡
ǡˣһԻûĸȾ߱ȾӲ˰
Ƴֱ֧ʣֱһץӹȥ
ʶ㿪ǱֱӲ崩Աߵtmˡ
ȴӼ鿪ʼɡޱɵ˰Ҳα۸Ľɫ

һѫʲôã޸ĸʱͲӦߣУܻšվڵһ棬ͷڽ滹лɽңУζˡ
һʱ˵⻰ʱǰɸѵָĻ棬ʱһͨ3s3212ǻʦʦЩŴϰɡ
վ13߲;·ҲˣǰôȥŴ£
·ָӲԶǧܵһΪվȽţȲ˵Ӧ˻ػУǱߵָڴŸлȨϧ·ָӶ꾭Ӫ
·ĳΪȽȥˡ
Щ߲ڻҿᣬ·Ȼȥڴ¥ڵĵȺһ£һһȵĵְھ¡
ڵȺΣ·ĹͻȻ𶯣ӦǾΪʲôϢ
·㿪һסˣţǶ
̧죬ôЦǡһӦˡ
·ЦһϢǡ

ӦǾϢ⣬·̫ҡˣҰȫ֪һֱһ˸߲㣬˭Ҳ벻ϡҲΪˣ֮ǰ˵жʾȾжŲ·
ϤĶֱ˵֣Ǵ󣬲û˵ǸϢ˭ȻҲ
һֱصıɺɽ黹ҽӽȾߡ
ǲ֪·һ֪Ϣ˵ڼװΪ˭¡
Щһͨѡ˾¼񡣡Ӧһu̹ݸӦǾôͻȻѾȷµ֣
ٿӦǾлףu̲͹ԱԵʼļء
ͨѡ˾̫ˣӦǾѡͨӪҺļأһ¼ô֪ãһᣬתȥһĹ˾¡
һͻͨѡ˾վϼ¼
ףзӪҺ˾죬쵼Ӳ졭Ӳ죿
ӦǾ㿪Ӳҳ棬һеһ߲ȥӲͨѡ˾ͨѡ˾ΪӪҺĹס
һĸ߲㣬ҳϣͨѡ˾ǰվԱߣһӰ
ӦǾڹϣѡڣʼӴżؿ𡣹Ȼͨѡ˾ǰվӭӵһĸ߲㣬վ溮գȥӲӪҺ̣ƺƵȥͨѡ˾һ·ͷ
һӪҺʱзӪҺоԱ˹һĸ߲㽲⣬ṩӪ
һ˹̫һСȺ˽Ƶˣһŵư㵹ΪļԪ·Ӧ죬ûˤץסԱ߸һ߲㣬վá
һʱҲͨѡ˾ǰ˶ɵˣûַչڵһĶ鲻ǳصģܿӵĳ棬һ·һĸ߲뿪
ӦǾţɧҿʼؿһһţͣһ棺ָѪˡ


321 ̺
۶Ǻڳݡ
ôͻȻԼң·߰,ɨĺڳ£,ָϷֳ
ӦǾˮ,̧ۣΪһ˵,·ָʲô£
·üһץ𱭣ǵͷ,ͷһںȾʹ󣬿ĵĶ࣬Ҳö࣬Ӧͬѧָʲô
·ָһֱ˭ʾҰģӦǾ޳ɾָűɫĲˮλ,˵һֱΪ˭£
֪·,ڳյĴ,ͷ۵Ҳ,Ҳһȥ,Ӧν׮,֣Һ͸Ⱦߺ
ӦǾһ٣֪·ָӷݵֻ塣
ԡ·ѹҷӦν򣬺ôҲָӣȥӢ,ɻ¡
Ⱦ߶ǸԼλʵˣԸⱻɫƣ·ԭǵЩȾߣԸΥ
Դǰ֪һ˼󣬱˰ϵңҺԷ㡣·˵⻰ЩȻкΪﵽĿģȾѪ١
һߵġӦǾȻ
·ǣû˽´ϢɽãҲᱻȣҲ㳶ƽ
ӦǾ
ǣҡ·Ͷƾ˫֣յǸ˵ϢУǺϣɱУĸȾУһ˫񣬼Ǹ˵ȡΣܳȥȾߡ
ԭȥѪҵǡӦǾӦ
·һҲڣ
Ƿ£ϼģûǰյϢӦǾһһ̣ѶУʹĦ˹Уǽ𣬵˴룬⣬ûʲô֤ݣһԴĦ˹УĽн磬Լѧֵķ˶ֽš
Ǹ˾ϷҲϼм䶯ֽŰɡ·Լùˮ֮ǰͨ籨ע⣬һ£ϼ˷ҡ
·ָΪϵǸϼˡӦǾʵǹ棿
·Цһ棬ֵȥϼˣûϵҵӦˣڰװô꣬ȷʵ
Ȼûй棬Ϊʲôһȷˣ
Դϼұֺ󣬱ûϵңĿǰڸֵĸȾߣ飬ϼϵ·ҡͷ֪ϼҴʲôʼȫǸȾߣյϢֲ볬ꡣ
ӦǾɨĺڳɱСƾңܵõϢ㹻˵ϵϼˡ
¶ܷСƾضԾϷܷ֣·ȴ׾ϵˣֻ˵һ£Էûа취ӴڴбȾСƾأ·ֽš
˼·ȻӦǾԼ⣬и߼Ⱦߣ
֪˭ӦǾЦȴûЦ⣺·ָӰæ

ӲݳӦǾϷδɵһ룬յҽͨѶ
ǾͬѧʲôݶͷӦǾʮӣٻҾ⡣
ӦǾδ˼㵽ҽ΢΢ת¶ڱһϵ

ӦǾһ˲ĬŵѾڻȥ·ϣʮܵ
ҽ̧ĨһѺɫǾͬѧҽǱķԺ￴š
֪ӦǾ͸ĻһҺܻܿȥ
ӦǾϵҽͰԱߣˮƤϣŶȣڵ۾ȥ³֣֪
̺ءݶͰߣӦǾÿ춨һΣס²ۡ
ءֻδȫһѱЬ˳ŷ죬ֱ㶲ϡ

ݴһ룬ʶԼֺͷź֪һ
̫֣ȻվͼýҡûãֻЬƻڣΪǲˣҾá
ڱ۾һɨݱ㱻סģӦǾ棬ǸȾߡ
ҽࡣӦǾԾݵｻңȻȥϢ
СγǱһֻЬ߳ȥߵſڣŸҵڵֶΪҶסѹһʧѣ
վ봦ǸвˣӦǾס
ҵĸ֪ӦǾָͷųһ˿֪
ȻͣסӦǾ֣ڸ֪ܵһ˲䣬


322 ϲ
δָǵ,ƢãӦǾ΢һЩ,Ҵ󲿷עϡӦǾһ,ƢõʱΣ֮ƢʱΡ
,ӦǾͷų֪ԭӵо
֪ûջ,ҵط˯һ˯ʮСʱ
ӦǾûгΧߵϰ߰һһãӵĸźá
Ϣĵط,鷿˶,Լҽҽ,ΪǱȥӦǾʰ鷿תȥ˶ﲻҪɨ,
ߵһǽ,ӡȥȭͷ,Ӳƶ
ӦǾŤͷ߳ȥվԱߣ۾ԥƬ̣ѹ,ȴԼȻ۾ڡ
ΪʲҪǽӦǾ̽ʵȥ뿪
˳ָһǽϵë̺ȡ
ΪȣҪǽĿǰӵ߼
ӦǾΪԴͷɵӰ죬ҽΪǼ֪ͺ⣬Ӵ崻״̬޷˼˼άֱֱֻ¡
ǾĦ˹УĻɽ㡣ӦǾȻյӦͨѶ
ң
ֻлɽһˡӦкǴ
ӦǾҶͨѶҳȥһᣬҡ
۾̺ӣסͷӦǾ
ӦǾз𵭵Ц⣬ת뿪ȥ

ɺҲӦǾɽʵΪǻĦ˹У
ǻѧУʦ٣ؼҿɽӦǾæʲ
һҪǰæӦǾһ¡
ɽ͸֣ӦǾϸϽϵԶúܣӦɺӺôӦˡ˽̸Ҳû˵ʲ飬һЩ
ûãɽ˵Լ£ҪȻȥӦǾûţһֱ뿪󣬲תȥ
ֻлɽһˣ⣬һᣬͨѶ
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ãȱȱʵȫû׻ɽ⡣
ɽûдӦǾ۵׿κĵ
ٶƤʲ
ɽձۣһ£ӦǾɡ
ҲپԣΪʲɣ˵ֵ꣬ȥѾһ£Լ޷ܡ
㻹֪ӦǾϲɽֱӴơ
Ŷñ۽ǣסᣬٿȻӦɽ˵ݣ͵̧ͷ
ɽҵ˼ԻӦǾ϶š
ֱӱֻлɽ˵һ仰Ҿ֪
󣬻ɽҶͨѶʱðһ䣺֮ǰ˵ʲӦǾϲϲ˭
ҵңġɽޱҪҶϣ֮ǰѣҪ̫ˣװ죬ʵоʹұ
ӦǾҲֲ֪ԾԳ3sָӵı㣬Լ

߻ɽӦǾ߻غԺҪߵſڣȴһȥȻѾ
ӦǾһ˲Ŀհףܿתصſڣûκ˵ת
֮ǰ򿪵ģǲ˵ѹ
ӦǾ㿪ԣӱŶλλ꣬ƶ̳߸ȥ
ӦǾߣһƬ÷ּվˣͣºһ
÷վֱûлͷ÷
ӦǾ߹ȥߵǰʱŲٶ٣Ȼȥ۾ζѣ
ͣǷһƮɢ÷ϵ÷Ҫ顣
ջأĵʱѡ
ӦǾȲָ΢΢ֻܵԼֻüǰѵˣȴ˵κλ
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Ǹ
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㲻֪΢΢ƣǼϲ㣿
ӦǾ΢δӦ
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ӦǾԺ仰ȻѣۿԷԭѱȫڣǿ
㡭ӦǾɿģ˺󼸲
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ӦǾ˪Ŀ⣬̧Щͷһ鷳
ӦǾ֪ʲ֪Դͷȫѹƣðֵӡ
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ǰ׹ӵԶԶģЦһùΣЧ
֪ң򡭡ϣӦǾСۣȶһֻط
ӦǾƫͷȥȻϡ
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ͻȻʲӦǾãߣ֪ѣϲ㡣
ͻĶŪ£ΪҪʲʶ˺ʱѾӦǾۻ֮û롣
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3s֪û뵽£Ȼɣ֪͸ݼٹɣ̰ӦǾ֪ɫȴʼò԰ס

á
һֻüƿӦǾ̧ĨĨ꣺ӦǾ˵ϲвҡ
ӦǾײϣƺ˿ܲʹ۾Ƭ̺ʣһΣ𣿡
Ȱ֪
ӦǾüβٿطǳǳЦ⣬ԭ԰׵ɫһ˿Ѫɫ֪ѡ

ǧѹƺֲûжˡ
ղš̫ʱ䡣ӦǾƶĹؼʱֻ̣֮ǰǰ档
λ3s಻𣬲͵컻գԼвˣῴء
вҵһУֻáӦǾ
ɫ
֪վ߽ȥϢҲ֪ԼŶá
ӦǾָۣղŵĻֻвҡ
߻ȥֱһץסģߣ˳㵧ϵ÷꣬鲻ã𷳡
ӦǾβһĨ΢Ļȣáղвˡ


323 3s𣿡
֡ҽżⱨ,֪ʲôԭڵĺɸ֪ĥʯ
ԭڵĺ͸֪һֱ״̬Һռݷ,ڸ֪ȴȻѹס
ôһûȥ,ͱأûв֮ĹΧѵ3sôǿ
ûпٴηɣӦǾʵ
ɣ,һνеļⱨ淭һ飬ͻȻǷ,ںϣĸ֪ںͺںϣ
ǽߣ̧ۣ˼ԺǸȾߣ
ǡץԼͷԭתȦ,ͣһһٵ,ĸ֪ںͺں,һֱѵ״̬ġ
ֻҪһֱѱںϺ侲ԳֵӦǾȴԵЩꡣ
ҡͷ϶ûô򵥣˭ණһȦ,ܸɸɾҲ²ѵ״̬ںϳɹ,ɱܵӰ,˵Ըһ仯Ҫ۲졣
ŬŬøء˫ֱۣɵ
ںҪʱ䡣ݵǰѪ,ҾһֱоΪʲôĸ֪ѪҺжʲôϵڵĸ֪ⲻԾûȾôԾʱڣһоĸ֪ҵܻ
鷳ҽǷеۣȥ˯һ
ҪȥӦǾʶ
תͷȻЦұ֤˻ҡ

ѵ£ӦǾûиˣڼɽһΣʹһ˵ǿ׻ӦǾ۲ڵ״̬
һȥɽϵǸˣ˵ӦǾ״̬
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ǲû£
ʱɽҡͷҿһæÿһߣһӦҡ
ȲᣬȻ˵ûϵǡˣǾ͵֪
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Ҫߣ·վھѵ13ǰվŵͽЦʡ
ͽ鲻ã¶ЦӲֱӷ·ȫںˡ
·ָƺܸˣҪְôû˵һҪְѵ֪ͨȰУۿҪƽͨԺעǧ϶ֲ·ָӻǶԼѧУɡ
·㲻Ȼʲôܹ黹ҪҺƽͨԺǺӭʱ
ôһ䣬ת뿪½վԭü˼·ĺ塣
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·˵֣ƽͨԺǱʲôϢѸղ·˵Ļظһ飬˼ȥֻһܣƽͨԺǱʲôصơ
ƽͨԺʲôϢ޷Ժع飬ܻطǡ
᲻ƽͨԺʲôѧ˵ѾϵˣҪ
ѧУԴã۹УȲƽͨԺǱʲôԴ᲻·ô˵ģָϰװǻơ
ϣЩǹ̶ҵˡǣ
ǳһ۵֮ǰûȫ֪ԽУܵµĸ֪ôġ
˵3s᲻ᡭһԥ·ı̫Ծ
ǲǣѾƽͨԺѧ̲סڣĦ˹УܵĻԻͣ㲻Уܶһѧţá

˵ƽͨԺһѧǳ3sһڣһλ߲Ȼʼ
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·ڵһǿһ߲ڵһǡ
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ҿд3s֪ô˵ǳ3sԪ¶·˵ǵڶ
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һᣬԪµֻȱ3sʦѾ¬ûг3sס
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ҪһԣɽеĻ޷ʹáԪ˵䴫·֪ͨ㷢ȥɣó3sУȫϡ
á
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ȰܹԼѧޱѶУѾ壬ûԸǣȥֻ̲Ľ
̣̾һֱûʲôֵôеľ񡣡Фν
ѧ֣
ûǣҾȥɳһ档ФƲ죬ϧǰ˵Һûأƭӡ
ΪʲôҪȥɳǣϰͨŤͷ
ûһףȥӦɺҪФ죬Ƿҵġ
ҼǵĻף֮ǰ¸µ
Фҵ˵ҪرҵģǻʦûҪ౸̨ײС
ҺһȥϰͨͻȻһɢİɡ
ѧУûûʦܣ߰˰ˣľУȫɵûҪĻƻ


324 
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˵УҪص۲ǵѧһ3s֪ѧ,ǰС,ΪɬʱǴĦ˹Уġ
ð,ҪѧѱˣĻ⡣𵱳ɣЦ,Ƭ̣ϵЦȥ
ǼһֱңҲȥǡ
ɽٻص۶ǣֻʣ,һ,ȥ,һ·϶Ҫôѧ
ѧʮ꣬Ҳ뿪,ڶ뿪,Ҳɹڻ
ߵſ,վþûţΪҲ֪ô⣬ϾԼ޷׿
һᣬ̧,׼ţҪѧ΢
ζ̫óԣеˡԼԼ
һ٣üͷϣϸ̸
´λҵ㡣ǽ
˵¿һƷܺúȣ֪ҵûСӦɺ˵ʱƺŶ
ſڵǽ̸㶼ˣ¿ĵꡣ
ʼԼǷڸ߿֮ĹϵڸԣڵľУôÿ
Ҳȥ۶ǡҪȻҲȥǱô
Уڵӳȥױ˷쳣ֱӷһӦǾʲôƻܻƻ
⣬ȥš
һңӦɺӶһͷͷ㲡ʦôˡ
ļͷЦһδͷ˳һ㡣
ӦɺãȻ֪ʦ˵ʲô
ʡʡɣҸղѾ˵ɨװ׾ֺһ֪ڴʲô⣬˵ע㣬ǽж
˿һȦ˻ȥߣԭأ࿴
߳ң鸴ִصѧڴʲô⣬
һԪµ֪ͨȥɱɽһ۶ǣʱ·ҲȥƽͨԺ¬
һѾٳһѵأṩ3sʹáסǼԪԭıУȵɽú¬ִۿʱԪȥӷ硣
֮ǰ֪ѧԪʹЩȣЩУ
Ԫ˧ʶȥ
û¡Ԫ³ɽö˵˵ͷƽͨԺ¬䣿㻹ûμӹշ˹˹Կ϶ȱʵս飬ǵѧϰ⻹ӦǾǳ3sָӡ
ӦǾԪ²ɳܱ߿ȥԱߵˣǾûй
ʱӦͨѶ۵ײѹֵԪ˧Ǿ岻ʣƲУȥۿڡ
ôԪüѵ֮ǰڼܵ˻ûкã
ӦͷƬ̧̲ͷӦνһĸ֪ȱ٣˵˸
֮ǰڸǵĺúõġԪƺеܲϢҡͷӦǡô֪ңǾúˣһҲ̫õٹ
֪һὫԪ˧ĻǾӦҶͨѶ
Ԫãкɽö˺¬ȥһ

һɺ·ҪȥΪԼѧűֻ¼Ԫºλ3s
кһ𣿡Ԫʵ
ǰһΡɽеͷ
Ԫ¿ˣҴȥϤһڲ
Ԫ˧λ3sУڵһתһȦ㻨ȥһʱ䣬ˣһĵطûп꣬Ԫȥ
ֻһܱϪˮл԰豸ơ
ָǵѵһ̫Զҵס⣬ȷָǡԪ´ǽһ¥Լ֣¥һҵ鷿û취ᣬҪȥҲԡ
Ԫ˧סǣǡסģɽпżԪЩн
Ԫ¹ЦңסĶԣǰʱڽմ¥Ҳסһʱ䣬Ҳúõġ˺úѵǡ
͵󣬼Ԫ±뿪
¬䣿ɽпվſڵˣҪסģ䡣
ⶰһ¥䷿䣬һ﷿¥䷿䡣¬ȥѡһ¥࿿԰ķ䡣ѡһ¥ɽֻȥ¥䷿䡣
ʱҲˣϢɽк¬һкɽһ¥
ڱرƷ׼ˣ¬ȥ󣬱ϴ׼˯ڴϣûñ۾
ҹ
Ԫ¶ԼĹԣȻǼط㿪һ棬˯¬䡣
һᣬл棬ȻӦҽԺУӦǾɫ԰ڲϣԱһѲӵĻʿ
ԪҲ̲סƤ鶯ЦΪ̫ţԵùɲ
춼ڰ
Դͷһʧ3sָڴϣ֪شһǳĳ3s
Ԫߵһ¿أͻȻһͨϹŹЦ߽ص
Сʱ󣬵һҵĵĵص߳һˣǼԪ¡ںڰ磬Žݣߵһ㣬¬ķȥ
¬仹˯ͷһƿĴˮڼӰҩ죬Ѳ
ԪȣߣֱҪ¬ϡ
Ԫ˧ʲô
¬䷿ĵͻȻڲϵӦǾڴǰ˫ȫڵġԪ˧
Ԫһ˲䣬ԣ¥ɽö˻˯νЦЦȻǸвӺܾǰҾԤС㷢ʲôҲΪֹ
ðӦǾץȥȡĸ֪
ĸ֪ҵġƿһߣ淭ֽӦǾĺڷоһôϤڽմ¥Ҷֽš
Ԫ¼׻̫ˣԴ֪Դͷһʧ󣬽ӦǾ⣬ֵ¬䣬Լµ壬Ľ͡
ȻûԪŤŤӣֻ˽ϧֵһΣһû֪
ҹΧ类գֻ3sڸм˾
ںԴͷںѷԪҪ֣Ѿڽմ¥һô򵥣ٿ
Ԫ˧һѪұڵӡٿغԿԪ£ڱѹƵĸоΣ
ԪЦһȻ֪ҰڵӣҲб½ջڵĺҴģ㻹ܽһס
𣿡̧ۿĵԴͷʲôϵԴͷڣǲǸҺһڣ


325 ǰ
ԪλȨض,ôһ仰ˣеĺɫȥ,ͳ,˺󼸲ɫǾȻһȾ,һ˺ҡ
һ֪ڴʲô⣬Цӣ
ߣҪץסԪ,ͬǵӦٶȲץϻ˯¬䣺ٿһ
ʲô¡ֱסߵװε,Ԫȥ
ȻԪ¿֮ǰӦǾվһ,ΪûӰ,ǳľУԲŻвһס
޷¬в,Ԫֻʱ˶,ֵĹ
Ԫ»ð˴,͵ͷųĺɫȫһǹŨ˹ʱѸȫڣͷźȴǹɼԪµĺ,ǵ󣬰ǺӦǾ
ӦǾ˯е¬ͼԪ´򶷣ȻԪ˧ӻʦɵ᲻᲻Ӧ
Ԫһ˲ûдᣬץסѹڵϡҪȴ޷룬ֻ3s֪ʱͲ糬3sἧԪѲꡣǣȻԴͷأԴͷҪǿ
ӦǾǰŵϵļԪ£ô壬Ҳϰ˵ݣϽֱǰ
Ԫԭһ仰ͻȻͣ˵ʲô
װ˼ʱ϶ͬһԴϷ񶯵ģΪطΪ˸ȾߣϾϼҶ갵ţиȾߣв֪ߣθߵˡӦǾӸٿԪ£ֻӴĸȾԴֻһͨѡ˾ӪҺͨѡ˾ĹɶҲǶʱӪҺȵֻͨӪҺ˴ûжͨӪҺ
ӦǾļأֻеһ߲ȥͨӪҺӲΪ˵ˤüԪµѪӪҺԭУȾϵӪҺ֮ûгָĸȾΪӦǾ£Ӧͨѡ˾Ʋ飬ԭȵӪҺߵȫ٣˭ҲûϵڷǰӪҺ
Ԫ±ѹڵϣЦδ̫ǣǿҪӲקϣ
ֻƾѪǿ˳ΪȾߣѹˣͬԴ˲ȥԪ˧ϼʲôϵӦǾҲһʱ䣬ƶϳۣ4892꣬Ͻֱȥ߾ڷڷڲͻȶʱֻһλ3sڲ࣬ǰʱת塣Ͻֱνҩ˿ڿϵĽڡ
ӦǾ鷽ʷûĵϣ췢һϵϵϼҺͼûκϵλȴһֱ鵽Ԫ£ҷϵˣһ˱
ǧϽֱôһһλ壬󻻵ҡ
Щûзһֱ֪һߣܲó׵ס
Щûһǳ3sܲ뾡绻塣ӦǾŲ˵ļԪ£вϸڲף¶ƶϳ
Ԫ´ǰһǶγҽԺϽʹɵ飬ҲΪʲôȫѡ壬һʦеţˣҲЩҪȻࡣԪʼΪһҵɣ˵ԪѾɫһ塣
꣬ӦǼԪɫһ壬ᣬ֪ߵλߣмԪ±ƣδڵһһסԪҲٴλѼվ֮ϡֺӦǾýԺԪ³Ϊ˼꣬Ҫó3sָӵĸ֪ӦǾĽ̫ˡ
ֻǣǰļƻֶλ3sĵλֱ߽ңڵһµλҲǰĿǰѡ
ƶϳЩӦǾʼ֣һǳĳ3sĳ֣ջ㹻֧ŲסļԪ·ž裬ȥӦǾ֪ʱֱ¬䡣
ɱϷͬԴӦǾʵڽմ¥ǲ㶯˽ţΪʲôҪֻҼԴͷ
Ԫ±ѹڵһѰһ˿ɾĻᣬһŨˮĺȻӼԪڱɺ͵ڼԴͷһģһֻɫǸҪһ㣬˳¾ɵĴ
ҪӴǱӣӦǾͷʵ廯ֵ֪ڴ赲ɺ롣
3sָӵĸ֪ԺǴ󲹵ԭܴסջʼɡ
ϵļԪѾûϢɨһڷĺƫͷӦǾ˵ĸ֪ҵġ
ӦǾһ
ѾǱȥ˫䣬ץסǹɺ·ʵ壬һѽ˻ŭĸ֪ҵġ
ɺƺΣգʼƫƫôҲѲܸܵ޴ѹƣԼԼһΣϽֱ
ڵĺǵĸ֪ҪϽֱ
ͬһ㲻ҪռȻϽֱ˵͵ԴͷͰ˵ȫͬҿ԰㣬ǵ硣
ϽֱǶ˵ڵԴͷ
ԴͷӰ죬һЩ档
㣬кԴͷԭһ壬ֻ룬һźҼǰѣ롣ǰΨһĿҪռ磬ϡһڱеĺŻҼץ޺һʦʦźҲʶԻҼպʼսȵת죬ǸʦҲǹĸס
ԽԽŨͻȻɷŰеġϽֱһϲٴνˤǽϣסǵ磿ȻռΪʲôҪһ룿
ֵܡϽֱ״̬Դͷǧ꣬Դͷֻڶ̶̲һʱ䣬ջЩˡ޶Ϊǵ
üšϽֱһ͹ˡ
һӦǾҪʲôǰҪֹȴˡ
ֱúɡϽֱһΪĺԴͷڳȫһ˵ڡ
ǧġϽֱôҲû뵽ԼһûüӴĺڷҲļ䡣
һź뼫һʼľϣܱնɱŰɱһŰɱУϵĺֱ˻ʦڡԴʼȫµʦҲϲܲʼѧǰˣתһҵϡϽֱշת֪꣬ʷʧ̫ණЩ֪ʶΪһʦʼѧУԼӰȨϽӴѰҺʵ壬˼Ԫϡ


326 һԻʱĿ
ǧļ,һʼͨʦշתϽֱϣһӵ,3s,Ħ˹УѧʱѾľУȥУҷֻȥ,УȫǴĦ˹Уѧ
ΪϽֱŷԭѾ˷ֶߣȻ仯,֪ɫȥȾˣ￪ʼƻ֯Χ˸Ⱦߡ
Ȼǽƻթࡣ
Ͻֱһе̳ϧһֱҪΪɡȹĶʦлɳˡƾǰļ䣬ɹʦ,ʱȨ,ʼȹȫϼҲΪɫĻ,ƻԼ񣬸Ⱦˣƿ硣
ֻϽֱ,3s֪̫,ڸ,ֱӶԳ3sоʦָӵĸ֪ûôĹҳ3s֪ȻɫȴЧܳΪԴ3sȴֿܵ
ʱ,Ͻֱͼһ3sڣһȴʱֳ3sʱ3sǿױƿءˣǳ3sǶܵջĽӣŷԼ޷أһл֣ᷢ㰵нҪǼνʦһģʼ˳3sһ淢ֳ3sָӣһɸ֪һɱǶԸ֪ȼ޷׼ȷжϣΪֻ3sҪⳬ3s򵥵ķģмɫôҲ벻ģлʵĹ
̫ƻˣҴͶţֻܹǱߵģзźɫģһֱûл£ʺƹԭĳ3s㲻࣬߰˰˶
ΪˡԪ¡ƾվߴҲǴʱ뿪ʼת䡣
ģƣָо̫á
ʼϼҰԽԽνɫǸȾ߶ģģΪ£ȫ˸Ⱦߣûǰ⡣
ԺϼԽԽֺʼƲֳ֮ȥȾߺɫ˶ûзԴͷ
һ3sԼȾǾ£˷ܡ3sڻȥԴͷϣȥ֡
Ԫ¡͸ͨڣٿغĽңûΣԴļ䡣ҪȥԴͷ߹ھҪԴͷȾֻһǿԴͷãƿ̫ණܣûҪȫΪȾߡ
Դͷ޷ǼֿܣھһһˣԴͷʧţҲҪܵ˼أʱԳ֮ʣٿ
ԼţǰǴγ3sˣǿһ㣬ȥٿس3sһԳɹ
ϧϢȴԴͷһʧôõûˣɽֻ̥һˣƱػᱻֻ֣ܼż
û뵽·ȴһϢ˵ƽͨԺиǵĳ3sԪµѾ̫ˣǳ3sѡߣҹ˶˽⣬ռݿƣڼԪµҪ̫취ȥ
ûл·Ļ·ʮҰӴҪȥӦǾһҰĵˣΪԼĵλѡ
ɵ˲䣬뵽һˣô꣬ô֮Ӷû뵽Ȼ
Ҫǵûȥͨѡ˾ûѪνӪҺԭУֻԪ˧ܻúúõģûиȾߣûкɫֻҪ취˼ȥҪҼԴͷԺһֱȥվ߲㣬Ϊ
һжһˡ

ӿУϣ޷ֵӿ
ӦǾǰһ֧ҩҺǾķ¸֪ҩǰʱʱĸ֪оģһȥյĸ֪ѹ
ͷҩҺܿ죬ϸȴܼλ侲ĳ3sָж
ܿˡӦǾס֣ҩҺֱڡ
ҩֻùһΣ֮ǰ״̬Уûа취֪ûá
ӦǾŵͷƬʣָоô
һֳֻŵϣܸоڷĺ뾡취Լĸ֪ӶռҩҺͻȻܲһ仯֪ʼӿѹƺߵĶԿ޴ĸҪ˺ѳɰ룬˲䱳㸡һϸֱϵ
˺ѸֱȭҵϣʹֻܷɢһעҲôһ㣬ȴ΢ùһ
ҵʱ򣬱ӦǾסǣ֣ȭͷԼϣҲ뿴ɴϻԲѣ뿴ѹǻбûбꡣ
۾ɫȥһ룬Ǻɫϯ
˵ҪҵͷӦǾץԼϵĳûԼͷ۹֮ȡĴºţ
˳ķ˿ӿѾյϣӦǾ۾δգһ£һ
۾ȫɫȻˣ
һʱѸٳӦǾϣͷϵĻɫõʱ۵׵ĺɫѾʼˡ
ģһ쵽Լв
۵ؿһߵͷֹǳͷÿͷӦɺӵļͷ⡣
ӦǾкЦ⣺ˡ
ǣˡ
ĵӦǾϵյͷûļ£㱻ס֣ӦǾָڵ˿ڣҰҩ
һСˣﴦˡҲֻʱѹƺʵڹ⡣
ʱͻȻӦǾҪȥ򿪣һվŵȴӦ
ѧôˣǸûȥϢӦɨһ۵ŵļԪ£µĶѶУǼλѧϻִ۶ǣ̲סҵټ

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