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Ľһҹ˯ѣͷһ
ͷϲǾµ컨壬ǴֳԭľӸǱʪùζĻȡϵıǶɪɪ
˾ŵǣԺһڲͬļ䡣
еŮ˺ҲĽ࣬һ裬˽ԸӹŮˣһû飬һӵǮϣȴֱһͬ½ܵƭ⻨Ϊ̫Լ·¿û˹ɱ
Ƿݼںϣͺԭֿһ
·Ŵ΢Ĺ¿һ飬ж״˼ֲ²⣬ſܸˡĳ
õڡĽࡱռǱ֮Ƿݲ²õ֤ʵ
ĴˣǴԼϣȴǴǸԼͬͬյġĽࡱϡ
ԭϣԭĽ͸ڵġݡִΪһͷ֣ĽСӰֱƵǽϣĵԴ
ԭǰҲ𵴣ȴôûˣȫ˴Խ֮һĽࡣ
Ľϸϸĸ첲̶̵ȣοЦ
ô˵ǰҲ˾񴩵ƻȱʳܸﰡ
Ľܻ𳵣洫سţͼһɱСͷӼѵŲ滹괭
ǣǸ޲ðеһжԭȴ
ԭԹүү
ƺʲô̧ͷĽվſڣֺǺǵֿ͡
ˣ࣬ȥȰɣ
ں˼Ľ뵽үүԼĺã¸жҪ˵ʲôȴԼͷʲô۾е㷢ͣе㷢ᣬһȴû߹ȥеĸӡ
үүҸ㿳
ͷתһȦͱ˸ˣ
ϽȥԷһˣ
Ľվԭؿ˰Σǳתͷ˳
Ĵһһͷ
Ľѷóȥҵ·ɳһ飬ֻа׵׿һ
Լһŷ˵İײˡ
ݺݵ߬߬ȭͷңһݼֵģҪʵö࣡
ң˸ķɸɾүү˷ûԣ
ʶģúߵĿԸһ㡣
жھεĽүүһԣȴ˺ǺһЦԼĶӣһ㡣
үүԹˣĸͷأ
Ľ಻ţвүӣԼҲԣүεؽš
ˣһͷһܿˡ
ͷϡٵˣĽ۾΢΢ʪ
ǰСڹ¶Ժû˵ÿڶܣΪǮȥ棬ǿĴԲ¹Լ
ԣ˼ˣ
һҲ
үΪҪϹԳ֮뿪˼ҡ
ռסϣ򻧿ڣԵƷ
үʹйϵһĻ۵и룬ɷôǮһƱƱ˻ҪżӦŮŮ硣
ԣµ׵ʱ򣬳涼ǿյģҪĽ⹫ҽӼù
Ľոհѳϴһ飬ְ̫淺ıӿ˳ϣȻ뵽ոշռǣɴ˸飬׹ߡ
ǵòǣ꣱գţǼԭүүȥӡ
Ȼ߲ŸոǱ߾ھ
С࣬㻹Ÿүүˣ
Ľһ֮Ⱦܡ
ϣûкĸ¥ãûиɾİ·ûиɼ̻ǹͺͺһƬ·Ͱǽֱ߸ǽϣ洦ɼֱǴŻɫɫ·ɫľװ
ĽఴռүүĵطɿزΧŵȺ뵹زүүȥ
УүүзĲһʹͣ
үүѣûµģһûµġ
źļֶΣ˫ֽүӵĿϣͣذѹţԸоүү˳ɫת˿
ĽүүʱԼĿƵضŸүүִһȺˡ
ôҶһϡ˶֣飬˭ܹ𣿡
Ľǰһŵܾ˵ȻһͷʱŭƸǷǱѰ				

2¾


ҾȵؿĽ࣬û뵽һСĻëѾͷȻơ
Ϊ׵ԴҲһ֮ǰŽȥԶԶؼǳĴٶҲһСѾͷô㰡
ǰȻǲϳԵģԼ߻˰ģ˵ǰЦһ
үүȰ·Ūˣ·ôҸողһŶѣôأǹթأУ·⳥ٰ
Ľ࿴·ϽȥһˮۼҪս˲ֵܿǴˣ
үү˵ŹȻͽҽԺ֮ûģҲͶԷѲϵ漸Ҳ˸ʧɱˣס˼ζѡ
һֻǼ֣֮Ľ඼㹻ҧгݡ
⳥Ǻգ
Ҫǽ첻ǳѪͲĽ࣡
Цһǰһư̧°ͣͬЦ
˵ⶫүү·ϵģ
Ȼأ˳үү˭·ǰģòϣʮǮأҲ˵࣬Ұ۾С
ģۣ
һë
ĽЦ۾ǰһָŴϵصķ೵ӺԱߵʳãˡ
үүЩŪ˴ңһ㶼СĽӳӵصķ·ϵӡǴʳЦ֣ûĳӡүүײǣƫ˷೵ķԼʧǣûим˶֡˵ģɶԣ
ǰһƣдŭ
˶һۣ۵׶żֺ˺Ͳš
µģȫУ
ΪһС¾Ͷ˶֣ǣ˻
ССĸӣվñֱʣȻ
ΧžһƬ
˭û뵽һС澹Ȼܹô
Ǿ䡰˻⼸ָͬһ㣬

ʱԱʳõϰ˳ΪĽ
ײˣǸ˵Ҫթ˼˺ӣе㲻
ԱΧ۵ԱߵͷҲų
ǰǰҸոⷹײүˣ
С˵ĶԣǾ˻ôϵүӶŹ

Կη˱˸Ѫͷش뿪ʱȴĽס
Ϊ׵ԴŭĽ࣬ࡣ
Ѿͷ㲻Ҫôߡ
ԴʲôʱôûԷһСѾͷƬӣ
Ľһ
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ǰһһߣʮرƵüһһˡ
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
үүܲôɴ
˰ɣ
ҵǸ
ֹҪүүǮУ
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ҲУȥһܲ˵ġңǹŵĲ´Ьģүүʲô̵ĻҪǵĹ
࣬
ĽǼı飬ƺĻעһôɣ
Ϊ׵ԥһ£һ飬Ľ໹һ
ǸңУ˵Ǯһ˸ǮϾǶ˴ˡûֱ˼ֵˣ
ϵı׷˱仯
˶ǮģǻеְһҲʮǮοһʮûС
Ǯ˵㲻Ƶһˣ
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ԥԥջǰȫǮմոĽࡣ
һǮĽ˰Լ
үүͻؼңڹսǴȴһ˫ֻأžɫ·ĸ׳ˣŴ
ҲЦеسŶԷͷòʺá
ã
Ĺɫһ䣬һŵԼա
ԣôϣ
ЦһЦĿСĽࡣ
ǳǰˣСͦ󰡣һеôúã
ĽǮĽŲһ٣תͷЦֻЦҪж١
壬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ŶôҲ֪ˣով˭һδε̽ԷĵߣöԷĵǸȻһӼۣӵǸǮ鵽һ飡ҪǮ⼸ڧոգǾʼˣ
˵˭ҵϷ̨ӰɣһҪؼչүү忴Ϸˣټ
һһȴеûػӻ֡
ߣϽߣ
Сݣһ㶼ɰ				

3±


ĽϼңͷүүϢȸոո˵㣬ɫӻҰܡ
ЩģүүŲȥ
ͽҽԺԲУҲ˵ҽԺòã˵ǷãҲסģ
Ľšüĸүүι˵ˮȻطиҽûɺҽҩֶΣ
뵽ȥүүʱиչˣԼȥϢ
ϢǰռеϢǸӵĵصһʱ䣬˳ܻؼҴүүȥȴ뵽ĳ⡣
ûйû˽ҳѾгҲһõõġ·ֵ˸ӣʱ䲻ʹá
Ǹĳڸϰ࣬ʱʱӵɢ˽ⲮҲ˺þòźһг
С࣬㲻Ⲯгǹȥ
ⲮǸľֽɫڸسǵļҾ߳ϰ࣬ȴҪ
ү״̫ãĽЩȲ
費гȲĽ뵽ĽͨߨDDţ
룬Ľൽ˸ոүүµʳãҵʳϰţҪʳõţ
ţİæҲΡ
Ҳ㣬ġ
ȻʳõĸˣʳǹҵģҪȥҲı˾ٱ˽á
ҸǮʮһˣô
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һɢǮ
ţʶմ󺣣Ȼ֪ռҵһȽеİ취
ҲǮˡţյͽȥ˻аɣ
Ľвͬģмĵлͼæţؼȥˡ
Ѽոɹõıȫţϣָүү˺ıӣԼްţǰ档
ţҪߣסĽ࣬ԼӼóļҰͷʮǮһԵ
ĽҪƾܣȴס֡
ǮǸүүõġǮҲǰ׸ģֻǽ㣬ԺҪġɫ磬·߿㣬ʡ
Ľؿһصصͷ
ݶ飬ǵá
ǴӾϻмʮţҲСʱɽ·˵ĹͷӶˣĽڳǰ棬ĿⶨؿǰСֱֱͦͦġ
ӵĳʦᵽĽҲ̲ס߸ߵĴָ
С֣
ҽϹ룬¼ҹסڴöˣҲǺʱֵú䶯̫ԭļﻹҲ
ԭΪүүоȵĽ࣬ȴϹ˸ŸԼô˵ܸϳĳʦôȰԷҧ˲Σ˵Ҵˡ
ϳĳʦĽȴҲŭ
ôһЩֵƢΪ档
˳ӣЦеϹ̸˵أͺԼǹģǹй
ġ
˵ʦ죬˵ϹҲ⺢ӹŹ֡
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ĽЦеصͷ¶һС
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ڸ
찡ôˣ·ڿˣֿˮȣô
ĽݵС˲ӦС
ϹЩĽͷš
ˮ¶ǣϵݣµģĽĶӣִӳϰͷ
ͷ̫ӲˣҧίͰ͵ؿϹ룬ؿڡ
үүܲҳҰѶһ£Ϊ꣬үүҵߺʳģѸ
ͣɲ
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εϹ룬Ȼһ
ϹЦؿĽ࣬õģƳ϶û¶ٵģͣҲ·ͷ
Ľƺ˼ذС°һ۵ǵóѵЦ⡣
үүҪСˣŵĻǴģ
ϹԭҪЦģû뵽ĽྐྵȻġ
ңĽʾΪ˲ӰԼ飬ҪԼүүţŲ棬˵˼άĿģҲȷ
ϹЦ
ĿģһʳҵءʼȿˮֵүүŲҲӦأ
ĽЦҡͷ
ϹүүңȻϹүүҲֳ˵ǲ
Ϲûĸô棬ÿ仰ÿֶڸԼ档
һԼźۼ׽ĿģԼһˣֱϸԼñӣɰв˽˾Ĵ
ƫƫģ˺ܲĻ˵һҲ˾òú档
ϹһЦһӣóʦ˰ݣԼζڳĽССĸô͡				

4°ʦ

ʦ
ĽǴӺһȥģ˵˵ŵúܡ
Ϲ뿴Ľɴģ̲סɡ
Ļ
Ϲ˵βĲβȴڴҽӵĹףʱʱŪͲˣñĽϡ
廨⣬ʵĶ࣬ݵ٣Ľ룬һ⡣
ȰŽϾƣˮ죬̳֮гһƬһƬıáٰǰǰŷⲻͣɫ֮ٷϾƺʹнⲻͣŷŽͺϣˮ֮󣬿ʼ
Ϊûǰ棬û취ͷֻ
ʱһΣһ㣬֮ʮ֮ߦгϸ棬̳
ϹͳʦΪĽú˵ʱȻýʹ֮ĵ֭Ȼ档
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Ϲ㲻ᣬƽʱԵĲǴԼˣѳԵҪ
Ľǰûмˣи˵գȴֻԼԣö֮Ϊ֮ҲϨ³˼
ңǰԼ˸оͿʼȥˣµ˺ҹУƾûϹѧеʹ
ǵãеĸ߿ڣ꣬ôԼŬһ㣬ƺܸϵϣ
ʦٺմ󺣽žŵһŨζ㵵߽ͼϹȲضһ档
Ľ࣬ģ
ĽЦŵͷֻݵСһЦˡ
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ոճһڵϹûһζһ㣿
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ʦϹԵĽζԥһҲһ롣
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棬ϹҲϴйټʶģԺܿ϶˵ĽտϵԼ׶ǼҳϵԵĲ롣
ϹͳʦԵýζĽ๴ǣþԼĿֽһ
˳ѹĺ̳Ȼɷĩ״֮ٷŽǡۣ֮ŪԲ״ٹ˵ҺͷĩŽ͹ը
Ϲ֮ĨĨͣĽ໹ڳæµţ۾һ̧Ϲȥ
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ըĽƵĶһŨŨ㣬Ŷʳָ󶯣θڴ󿪡
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Ľ۵׻һĨȻе͡
ϹүүʦǳոµȽ٣ҲûǷ˰ɣȥүүιԵġ
ϹƵسըĽ뿪ıӰתͷʦ
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ĻǼ񵽱ˣ
˻飬ҲТ˳
˵Ľ࣬ʦ뵽Ϸڷſڵ飬һԶذԼ֪˵˸׳졣
үţ޷׽ʣĽֻܰѸո˵ǣһιȥתͷصӵʱͿϹ
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һգգ۾
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Ϲûط˸ۡ
ģүүӪ̫飬ಹˣүүķĲԲÿҵ
Ľྪϲ̧ͷθߣϹ󷢺

ôүүû£ллʦǺˣ
ϹõһͽҲģЩ֣Ľô֪ϲԣһͶã				

5¹

ϹʻĽȻЦЦȻ˼Լˣ۶Ҳ󷽵ػش
ΪϹүүʲôһ㣬Ĳȴȫġ
棬ȱٴʱôĵζϵ治ޣֱ廨ţʲôС
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˵Ķ˭£ԳʦյӲãյĶһѣв˼洢صɽֵüۡ
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Ϲ룬ȥĽ࣬ٻ˵ıĻ档
үүҪסģǻڻǽţҰף

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û뵽һۣż
ӴĽ࣬ôģôǸ˳һˣ				

6ּ

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Ľ࿴ϰһۣ˼ҲҪǮ¼£
ðүүѺã
ã
ţʵֻҽĽȻãеĻҲһʳģް
Ľȥ˺ؽźĽǰˣϴˣвˣԼϵ˿Χȹ侲Ŀʼȹ͡
ţͷβԹۣ㵵ط֣Ľ˵ķʽԼĳʦǰ㲻һ
ȵʢӣݺݵһĭЩϲЩؿڡ
ܳô
ĽЦŵͷ
һ̽һѾĽһСרע棬ָķը
һʱ䣬ζ˱ǣ⿪
¹ʱ䣬ŵζ˲Լͬؽ˷ݣүӺϹϵʱ򣬲Ѿûλӡ
ţ˵кϹү£˶Ľ೴õĲˡ
Աߵ˵ȼˡ
ʦȵģΪʲôϣ
ǰʳýҲ˵ûУ̫˰ɣУϵĲˣһһݣ
Ҳǣ⾿ʲô˰̫ˣ
ǼһôζҶŵõ

˵ţţȴЦ
˼ŮǳʦȻϣңǶû̸üǮô˵ϲˣ
ŵĿܸϳȥ
ң˻ܱɶ
һҧ˺
һ¸ʮ飡
Ľ಻Ӽۡ
ʮ
𻰣ϰżֱš
֮ǰĳʦһµĹҲʮĽССͣѲĸʮô
ţᣬĽѾһ̶ѿ
Ķѿ÷꣬ڹ峴һ£ζ㣬һӨ͸˿žʳ
Цеظţݹȥһ˫ӡ
үү
ţԣ̸Ǯƫƫɫζ㣬һ֮󣬱۾һĴȡ
ʮ
˶ˣҪ֪ƴƴһҲʮǮ
ĽЦеضӾҪţһ뱻ϰס
˵٣
ĽЦеԱߵĽԼһ̲ȥ棬Լϰȥ˺Ժ
үүΪû˳ʦɣ
ô֪
Ϊ߲˼ûʡҲΪҽҵң
ЦĽ࣬ţֻܵͷϡ
ҿˣǣһʮСˡˣҲ
ôУ
Ƿ겻ǾҪô
Ȳü̫С̫첲ܲˡҿ԰ѵʦҽ̻ô
ˣԺͲõԼûʦˣ
ţЩͿ̻ͽܶʦĽʲôô
үүҲ֪СոհʦҪѧҽ
ţͷҲΪĽ˼Ĵָ
ã˵Ҫ٣				

7±Χ

Χ
Ҳ࣬һ̲ˣһëǮԼģһ̲ˣëǮˣǮ
Ľఴշѣ£ҵµףƱǮ԰֡
ţɵˡ
һʮ鶼ҪֻҪһëëģ
˼Ľ඼ûиı뷨ֱİ嶨ˣ
θ쵼㱨취
ĽЦеصͷתͷȥ˺ʼǰǰĵӿʼˡ
ֻǣһβվںָ
ȹͣԣ
ڷŲˣٶҪ죡

ţĽɵģԼЦȥ
ǰ棬ɵһһ
棬ȻŶӡ
ٿ漷µȺеã̫Сˡ
Ľȥ֮󣬰ԼϰϢүүϹ룬˷Ӧ졣
үüСӼҼҵģӦڼдд֣飬
ϹȴòоǺ£ܱʲô֪ĺĺá
ϸ磬ģĽʲô㻹֪ô㿴ʲôʱǿԼңǻܹãȥҲ㿴Լļƻû顣
ϹĽļƻݸүӡ
үӿǰŵļƻʮһ˯ʪ۾
ǴûãȻҲúӸ
Կࡣ
үүҲóԿࡣʹӦ˰ɣ
ĽЦе£ڡ
Ϊ˼˶Ŭ֮¡
˵ӣҲв
ôȷĽȥ˴ͽܣæʱͻѧϰ
ţԭΪĽʳôʦ˻вķչȻܳϡ
ĽȻСǼܲס𣬻Ϊ˴
ÿЦеһͨ㺰˭ŭ䣬ĽʦģҲûַ˭棬ĽĺóԣҲ˽˭ѧѧѧٿ˱¡
̶̼ʱĽѾ˺˿еġСʦ
һ֮ĽӺѧòģص̵ˣǳΪġͽܡ
ڼ棬ϹֱͷҽѧרĬд
Ľ飬ȥĿۿһ
ôŬҲлرģĽ̶һʱ׬ˣǮǮƱ
ǮȻ࣬ţʹ졣
ĽȻõö࣬ɸʳô󣬿Ҳ˺ü涼ǧعʳóԷúܣ
ոմӷͱɫװסȥ·
ĽһүүǼС졣
Ľ۾ֱֱؿǣȴһˣԺȴɿ·ȴʧ棬һͬ
ҾǣҪĻȻһоġ
ǺǣǵǮǵӣΪô򵥾͹ȥˣ
Ϊ׵ԴЦһŸֹڵ϶ţ̶
ǮɲǮҪСѾͷթ֮󣬺óʱֵǰ̧ͷ
˵ڷʦ׬˲ǮɣȻֵ㣿Ҳ࣬һʮУ
ǰǰһ˱թǮ붼

Ľ˽ָҡͷ
ʧˣûǮ
ǰľҲܸΪһΣͻеڶΣΣ˵ļˮһѪͲݡ
Ҳֻһֽ
һ٣˵͹ȥˣ
ۿĽҧɿڣΪ׵˸ʹһ
ɫһĽȥ
ס֣
ͬʱתͷȥڿ˵ʱȴǺһЦ
ԴüͷƵؾ档
Ӵ˵˭أԭǹͰôôʱû㣬ȥĶȥˣѾͷҵͷòҪ£
һ߽ű˰ΧǸСѾͷеӣ̲ס˹ǡ
ô죿£һ͹ܶˣ
һûѾͷǳ߲٣Ҳˣһ֮ǰǸƼݵСÿˣ
ǵãԼɽڶԼԼңϵ˲˴ˣֽ˵״
ֹˣ˻ҩץҩ
ȥҽԺʱ˼Ҵ˵ˣȹǽļʱ˵Ⱦͷˣ
ҽԺ֮˺þãȷ˾ȻС椡
Ļ䱻Դϡ
ͣǺܴ򣬵Ϊһ˴ùǼô
ĽҲüǵò˲һ°ɣ˶ûãôܴܣ
ңһ˰ܱǿ
װʶ
˭Ҳʶ㣬ʵһİɣ				

8


ϵЦݸˣǣһһڡ
ͼԭտĵطȻӰ
ܣҿû۶ϰߡ
ͣҿ
Դߺһ˵Ÿֹܳǰ˹ȥ
˶ʱһƬĽɿܿûлؼңȥ˻ûȵķݣ˺ƣߦȾͳ˹
ۿ˶࣬Ҳ˶ݺݵؿĽһۣݺݵڵһ֮һݻתͷߡ
ˣĽһŰǼ˴Ƿݡ
֪һŷ֣˶Ҽˣײ˵صǹͣûõֱӴˣʱ׵ϸߡ
ôǶ죬ĽŪ˼ëţ
ȥҩҩԼ򵽺ȺԵġ
Ͼ˼ҲΪԼ˵ģ֪ñ
δܻĺ󻼣̲סüͷԾ鷳
Ҹ˵Сʦ³ģǽпڸˣ
ǰǰСʦտǸܸܵġѰ˼һأ

ǰ棬Ľ༸ͽܿʼʦ˵Ľ֮һĴָޡ
͵ļֵһ۾ģ͸һζ
뵽һμ棬ĽһСվԼǰµģ̲סһĨЦݣûǣȳȽ˺
Ľüͷ壬̲סЦ
鲻ʺ㡣㻹ǶЦЦȽϺÿЩ̱
̱
Ľҧҧ˶Էһۡ
˵ͲҪ˵
ԭΪ̫ˣԵȧǱȽϸߣǱȽϼᣬֻҪֵˣ
ڵҵˣǵЩ˱
Ľؿһ۴ӵĹͣȡ
жôôʲô֪
ЩûԷ˵ϾңҰ㣬֮ĶԹԹһʹ
˵Ҿ͵ĬˡģҲġ
Ľ෭˸ۡ
ƾô㻹ǸϽ˰ɣ
ڵң
۾
СôԼԼֵܣҲһ棬ԳԣȺ֮ġɴ̹֮Ҳûˡ
˭ˣ˳ȥȳţһҪ
أ
Ľݸһ̲ˣ̧ۿʧ˵̲סһ㶡
ǣԼǰӺ͸ĸһʱ
ΪûУˡ
һŻ
ϲʲôˣ
Цˣҡҡͷ
ʲô˶У
Ľû뵽ȱģǰСӣضúܣŵĺܶ࣬㹻ҳԸ
ֻǣĽൽ׻Ǵ˼к˵ս
Ŀؿǰ̹뾻ĳ棬еĺҲ֪ϻǲϡ
Բǲǳ̫ˣ
ҲЩ˼֮ǰҲûԹķɽģóԡ
˴磬ûϵǼҷ
Һ޲ðɾߡ
ǰǰǻģСʦģƾҪӻؼˣ
ĽͽԱߴĽһۣʱЦЦٿڡ
Ľ໹ȥȴסҳԵĵ治١
ɵȵ뿪ʱ򣬹ҪˣȴĽס
øˣô˵Ҳǽҡ
ԱСͽҲſڡ
ǰһٷҪʮأҲ𡣡
ͱԱߵĴʦָһƣֻ˵
۵ײ֮ɫһû뵽ķô󣬲뵽ոǷ˵ζֻ˵ǮǷţѵĲ뿪
ĽûҪǻǮһʱ䣬ݵãܶ˶ԷȻ׬һٷҲֻʳĵǮ˵ú

صңûаүӣϢǲֶߡ
ڶգϹĽйȥӸһͷҪⱾ֮ɽҩĽӦ¡үӵķӦֱӣҪȥĽ°಻С
ĽЦãֻԼҴͽԼߣٰԼͻүȣ
ţ֪ҲģϾĽǷݵҡǮ˯εԼڽ˯
ǰȥ濪ᣬ쵼佱һֱ˵ܸɣһ졣
ֵ⣬Ͼûĸʳñġ
ĽеС֣ȴϰ̸ͷֵ顣
ǵ̫Сˣһ࣬ˣҾٸ㣬
ԼĲͼݸţָŪ
ᣬŪż䣬ţ۾
Ľ˵ģǿ׬ܶࣿԼְƸˣ
һ룬ָһȣǲǲã
ǶΪˣӦӹ				

9Σ

Σ
Ľҡͷ
Ϊʲô᲻ãÿÿ˵Ը˾ԷģԻҪ󲻸ߣеȴҪԷ̸ģеҪõģȻҪһ°ȻһˣҶҺģʲôӣҪģֻǰѷ˵סѷ˼۸С
ţһ룬Ҳԡ
ͱڣĽ˺ͽˣһĲˣȴвһļ۸ԭΪһȴģû뵽ȻҪ߼۾ΪĽķһڡ
뵽ԼĽ֮Эʱ򣬴󷽱ʾԼȡĽĲɿ԰֮ǰһüǮ
ĽȴҡͷԼóһݶЦеĿϰ塣
͸ոյİżһʲôҲҪָŵȡ
ţզؿĽеĶ뵽ĳֿԣɺݺݵһĭļӿ졣
ոʲô涼ô˾ޣô棬ʲôӣ
Ľ֮࣬ǰϵһֱ԰ɣԡ
үүҸм֮ǰǼҵİһֱͶұﷹݸ߼£Ҷûͬ⡣үүҪһӴСݶɣ
ʲô˼
ţĿĿĽС
ԭ崿ɰСϴʱд棬ͺ񣬵ǳЩһ㣬ᶨš
ĽмűֽƬһʱĸı䣬ҧҧ

ǣҪҵѧţҪϹүүĻת֤
ĽЦеذǼֽƬϣ顱һ춯ţһ㡣
ʲôҪź֤ûЩ粽С
һѾԶˣҪץʱ䣬ߺÿһ
ûдߴ٣ЦеذǼֽСƮƮطŽ·ڴ档
һŵţ겻塣
ôҪĶѵӦƷźôһ©ô죿
ĽȴЦеԼĿڴ
үүģǵ˱˼ȥãҲа취벻
ػһš
ţһҧصذһġ
ɽ
һ£캮ض
ϹԼҪɽĽһ˱¨Ϲɽ
Ϲ˵һҩݣֻ·ݲɵõ
үȻҪȥڼ壬߻Ϲţ壬ιι⡣ֻǣϹ뷨Ǻõģû׼캮ضģǸո߰·ͻ䣬תͷҪؼңͷִܳһֻ·
ĽɫٿȻһ䡣
ʱ򶼴ڼ״̬ôܲʳһϵϣٵ٣ϻ븹ġ
үӲΡΡĿǰϻسĽڰ֡
Ľ࣬ϵܣţߡ
ţ
ʲôţҪȥ
ϹҧǶһˣȻҪϣøӣƾϸôУǰһʾԼҲҪ£Ľһߡ
Ľۿͨ죬ж˶Լά״̬ôߣ
үΪԼʲôĻһӶѰ
һҡͷ
УҪһߣҪһ
Ϲԣи̾Լͽյֵӿڴóһ˷һ
ƵҩԭҪĽõģȴˣ
ЦһԱߵ˹ȥɾһ˲䣬һֱǶŵϻͻȻˣһĽǷ˹
Ľൽûĳ棬һ˲סˣȿүҩ۵ĶҪʱѾ
ˣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ա͵شܳһ׳Ĺӣݺݵشϻϡ
ոջѪڵϻͻɳȥ
ţһϤ
Ÿܣ
ĽתͷһȻϴξԼĹͣ˲˵ʲôĻæүӷ뿪
ϻڣĽĹͻᾭʲôʱһ˼үͳȥȰү͵ȫط֮Ľͣ˽Ųһ
үүʦȥ
ƽ̬ȼϹǰ͵ʹޡ
˱۾û˵ֻǳĽڰ֡
үҪ˼Ǻӣſ
ĺϣ˼ҵĺӣҲǺӰ
Ҳȥһҹƶ˯ˡԣܷʲôүүȻȥ
ŬЦһ£óոϹҩ
οﻹʦһҩأ˵ϻڶѾˣ
ûٶ˵תɿؽɽոոǽȥ·׷˹ȥ
ΧŨŨѪζ
˱۾󣬹ͻʲô
Ųٴȥʱ򣬶ߺȻһŭ
				

10


Ľһ£Ȼ֪Ķ͵شܳһӰ˵
ŨصζѪζڱƣĽֻԼĶᵽɤ۶
ˣ
û˵۾ض棬ֹϻٴ˹
Ȼûڱ˾ƶһװϻҵ
ϻٴ߹طſĽ࣬Ҫߡ
ĽֱӾܾ֮ͶϹǺڳдŭԼһҩ˹͵С
˭һأţֻһԿ׼ˣϻġ
Ľ໰û˵꣬ͼϻٴ˹ʱС
͵ᣬرĽȥ˶˵òᣬڣм䱻һס˹ƣϻ׷
Ľоôϻҩֱͱһɴܣ㿪ϻķˡ˸յϻովȣ֮ϷԵص˵ϡ
ĽԼ顱࣬̽ȥϻȴ֣ԼҲͬʱصȥ
Ŵӹͻȴ֣ͱ첲Ѿץң첲Ѫˮʪ
ĽȥȷϻֶԷֻǱ֮󣬴ŵָԷһҩ֮ʯͷϻŻæȥɽ½æ
ҲҺãϹүΪĸûɽԼ£ҲûȥɽϣֻڸţĽǼæĽὡ˶ĹŪɽ¡
Ľ࣬ߣߣҪ
ĽԱ߰ϹķԸͷҩ߾͵߽
ۿЩ죬ʵ֮ǰ˹ֻ˳ֶΪûҪرģɹ͸ԼĻر̫࣬ĳܷΧ飬һҲˡ
ʧѪ࣬Ϊ˿ڷףڴѹ
ⲢԼңæҪ´ȴŵĽɿס
£˿ڻûк䣬ȲҪ´
Ͷ˶ﶼ۵ӣĽ
۾ҡͷ
û£̶ֳȣҶϰˣ
Ľ˹һۣޱظҩ
֮ǰûкã첲ҲˡʱȺ֮ߡ
һҪϰ࣡
͵ļĽƿڴ
ϸƨôСûˣʲôࣿѾǸݺֵܰˡ
֮־ԼΣ˼Ǿš
Ƕµûš
ͻ˯һʱ䣬ԼĳǻõƬһԼԺһһѭš
Ľ֪ԼǷģⱲӶˣ
ǲȱ۶˼ҼΣյһʱ䶼
ˣ㵹ã㲻˵ƫƫӭȥǾԼô
ǰ
ǰ
ʲô
Ľ໹䣬ͼ¶һĨǿЦ
˰ô˵ҲȥĻ㲻Σˣ
Ľؿͣͼ۵һŵʹ͸ڱϷʡ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰ˵ĹӲȫ֮˵̲סЩ
ʵʱ˵ͼʹ죬˵˿⣬˻ġǴŲԼֻһʱ˵Ļһ˵ɶӰ
ǵǰѧУͬѧǮ֪
¶ԺĺӣһǮõġȻһʮʮ٣еС͵
£ǸͬѧǮԼһ·ڴҵˣе͵ߡǸеͣһĵĻܰ˱Ͼ·
ſڴŲĽĻȻֹ
תͷȥֻүӶһҩ
ͬ־ҩˣҩɣרŷһ̫ȡ
ƺЩϰĺãԼææҪ´ȴĽఴڴϣüͷŭ⡣
ãǲˡ
εЦЦӹүӹҩ룬˹һ֮󣬲Űҩ˹ȥ
лл
ȫңӦллǡԺסţڼû£չ㡣
˼֮ǰ͹үӺĽڣͦģˣҲ˴ѣֺǺǵġ
УҪؼңҡ
ɫ
ĽһһѰڹ͵˿ϣ۵˻һһ
ʹţⶼʱˣô⽨˼룬ԼӲܰ˿ΪɶΧôѶû£
ĽسţүӰο͡
Ľûл˼ֻӲѡҲ˼ȥȡõõĶĹҲ˼ˡ
ۿ΢졣
ȥ֮ǸھӻԶݣ
ˮһ¾ǸһѣҲǧҪ̫
֣ʵп˵
ԭҲסﲻɶ£ƫƫڶվˡ
˭ôҼң
ڶգ͸ոճҪϸͼһŮ˿Ŷţʱüͷ壬ѿ				

11¹ù

ù
죬֪Ӧôش
ѩʲôʱģôǰ˵һ
үݳ˺Ǿϲǰһ߻ܡ
˾ĽĹùáͣһҲѵûΡôһ˻ˣأôûһ
ۿŴ󸹱ռҹùãüͷ塣
ƺ߲ƣ
͵үӱ۸ҪȥȴݵϹק˽ȥ
ϸŮȷʡ͵ĵơˣ˼ô˵ԼˡҲãҲС
ô죿
ü
ϹЦշһ㡣
ңһռ˵ô
ĽӵϢʱԼڷͽˣԼææ˵һ˵Ĵ֮󣬷ɿҸϡ˻ûеңͿԼһȺֵˣ߸İŮ˼Ľк
֣ۿ׹Ůôµô׹Ůƣȴ죡סǼҵģǼҵģǼҵģϺͿ˰ɣ
ĽˮĲˣһ˽ȥ
վԺ룬źɫĻްΧΧŮˣѩ˭
ϵްûǴĻʱ·ӲǱĥȥͷʱޣ
ѩС˳軵ˣԭһΪ
ģ˽Լкôģ춼ҪԼûôģǰ㲻մȾ͵Ը
ѩϹϵܾңֵܣϴɽҲңǵĻ˵
˵ЩүɫȻ
ʱΣյʱ򣬶ĽǺԱš
Ҽ˭ĽֶΣ
ƫƫЦţȴζ
˭ҴеͣҲһӳôͷ
֣ǹ˰ɣڼţţôΣհ˵˹Ū˸ҪۼҴȣĽˣϵϣССɲƭôԺͲùˣڼңҵҪø˸
žžžļ˵ע⡣
ĽЦһԺ棬˫ӣֱĿ̸۵ѩ
Ľ絶һ߶ţѩëëģعĽٴ󲻹ǸСƨѣңΪԼͦ˽ԼŮġ
ʮĸӣЩӪȫˣտҲɵһ
ЦеسĽ֡
Ľ࣬þò˰ùʱרȥϲԵĹӣͷݣȥ԰ɣ
ᣬƣʱѩ͸ոṈ̀Ůˣˡ
Ľవ̾Ů˻ῴ²˵ȴЦ
ôллùˣ
ѩЩذڰ֣ΪĽࡣ
ǺǣҲ֪ùϲˣĴ˵ģ
׽
ĽҲֵøԷҪѩܹصסá
ôιùǲ˺ܶడǰֻģùһ飬һ飬һ飬øһ顣Ҫүүһ鶼ûأ
ѩɫ΢΢һֽЦ
ǺǣʱǹùûǮôģһܹԣ
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үүʦ͹·ۣСһƥëز				

17Ȱ˵

Ȱ˵
˼ƾˣҶھӵģǰæѣҪСϣ
䣬үӻ˲ٴǹлôİæ
Ƕǽεغܣ˵İٻ¥˲٣һʱ䶼ˣأ
Ľȴܼ֡
ҪĻֻȥˣҲ֪Щ÷ûãҪۻߡ
˶ϲţĽ˵ûһͰ졣
һǸһֱѹϡ
Ҳˣ˵Ҫܵ㲼ƱáǹÿⲮ淢ǵôãʡǵ㡣
Ľ࿴⶯Цеذһƥ
ɣⶫһͷȥ˻УҲ֪ʳãʶ˶࣬Ʊ׵ãҲס
мؿĽһۣʾһҪ
ú·
˭֪ĽЦеشӶóͼ
ľУүүʦ͵ĳߴ硣
пŵп֡
Ľͼһɲǣ⼸·Ѿͣǣڰٻ¥·һȴ˵ĺÿ
۾ؿĽࡣ
С࣬·ܲʽʱⲮһ
Ů˾еôܻԼңԼ˺ͺӡ
ĽЦеصͷָ֧֮С
ðܸⲮܸ
һġ
ĽЦеشսĶߣǹƻһڡࡱҧ
ģûȥ·ͺñҺҿвϣ··Ϊ˱ʾҵĸмҰѼһƥ͸ҲǸͬ־֮Ļﻥ
һֽǮһֽҸǮôûУ
˿ԼĲϣȻؿЦеĽࡣ
һʼ뵽Щ
˿еͼֿĽֱߵĲϣ۵׷ɿػһĨȣصص˵ͷ
ãԣ
Ǹɴˣ뵽ȥ
ʱȰѳ˵ǰͷ
С࣬ôûҪⲼϿɲôã˵ʲôëëҪëë·ͷⲮȥɽѰһ
Ľ̲סЦ
Ĳϣɲе޲ëء
ʱ̳ʽ˼۸֮طֲ֣ϾȻĲϱ˵Ķࡣ
ԭЩɻ󣬺ִҶ̫ϲӣǶذ̳еļƥȫ˻
ҵģҸұ֤һÿ

ĽгҲ˵ֻŵ֮󲻺ôĻⲼӲʵԺЬҲЬƺҲС
⸻¹ͷԼ˻һ
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·أҪҪڷǱߺҪȻ
·
⸻Щ죬ǼҴ椶Ҫˣ࿴أǰ컹˵ҽʡ㣬·ʡ㲼ϵʱ椶ãôˣ
ɻؽ֮󣬾ͱק˹ȥѾüõĲϸ
⣬Ҳһô
⸻ǸľľͼöⶫȻͼֻͨһϣȻڰ֡
㣬㣡ڻǳԷ˵
˭֪Цеȥԡ
æأһô椶ȾС
ĽһϹѧϰҩ
ʹһǰѧĶӶܹϹĶһ
Ϲиˣ̵ĸ𾢶ĽҲʦڵ˼Ȼѧ÷ɿ졣
ˣĽ뵽ϴԼڴǸಡĶͯ
ԼҩдϹ롣
ʦҩô
һοҩΪЩţĶǱȽƽ͵ҩ
Ϲͷ
̫ȣ᲻ãҲЩޡûɽ髣
Ľüͷһ壬ҡͷ
ɽ髣Ϊʲôɽ髹Ƣθ͸ξûʲô̫ϵ
Ϲ̾Ϣһҡͷ
㱳ͦģǻĳ̶ȡǹƢθ͸ξ£ͨѪȻõಡΪʲôȻಡң˵;ͬ飬໥ǣҲ˵ǣһȫ
ĽصͷƺˣƺЩһ֪⡣
ϹЦǺǵļ
żȵȥǴƲˣ
Ľ༱æӦ¡
ʱĳ
Լ졣
֪ڹæҲӦô㡣ҵǸСһҪ֮ǰְִ绰ǸҩҩҸҽƿҽ˵ҩȷã൱
ҰͷûңûҵԼϱǲţֻ˵Լعؼͥ
ãȥңҲ˵˼˲ٶ˵ġ
Цˣйӣ˯
СôСܸβȵҵ˵ҵʦʱ˵ǼĲоˣ
ĿǰһӣúܣȻϣҵȴ룬˻ûҵӭĽǡ
ȴǺˡ				

18·

Ľѣͼţ滹һ
۾һ֪ǹ·ģæ뵽
Сడ㻹˵ⷽ츳ԭһԥҪҪⲮһأ⼸·İһҪ̫ÿˣ
ĽЦЦû˵
˴ĶɽװʽɽװģԼģȻǴӲľװʲôпԣ
ƵģǴ£ֻʽԲͬ
͸׳ƵӢ׷Ĵ£΢΢һ
ϹȽƫݣƵһпһĴ£ǰ֣ӺǱҲȫڣ·ּһſӣ᲻١
մ󺣣Ľһͳƣеɽװķ񣬵ȴɽװϷ죬мһŴĿӣ
˵·ĽԼҲϲòҪҪġ
үүϹ룬Դ·
Ϲ뻹ǵһμ·֮ҲЩˣһδԼͽ·ԼǮġ
Ȼ
·֮󣬺֮ǰˡ
Ա߿ţҲЩȡ
֮ǰ⸻Ϲ·úÿմ󺣻Ҳúÿ
մ󺣺öûдôÿ·ֻסصͷ仰˵
ϹЦеؿĽ࣬ʾԼһҪȥĸա
þûиЩʦʦϵˣȻͽܣȻҲҪ߶߶
Ľ²Ҫɪ飿Ҳţֻ˵Կûʲôʵģͷȥһ¡
ǰȻߴĽҵģһ˵ӣĻСĻԸġҵʱ·㹻󣬿һ·Ͼ·޻Ҳů
Ľ൫Ц
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ޣͦõģҾôˣ
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ӣҾ·еСȻͶٸҸĸģ
մ·ҪӹͱԱĽȻָסˡ
ɻؿȥͼĽЦ
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մ󺣼Լͼ˷֣ε̾Ϣһ
Ľ࣬үүˣ·˷ѡպùò·ݴôҾţ·͸ܻùúһ㡣
ЩΣ£ϲԼæĽǸǡ
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Ľޱذ˳ȥͼմһƤڹ·ֱŭˣһѹȥѶÿ
үү֪ŮҲ֪۹ŮǣƽԹùúòãͲͶ⡣˵ģ˶Թùúһ㣬ͶǲǾͲˣԺǲҪһֱͣǼûжأ
մ֣Щ޴Ĵ˴֡
Ӧãɣ
᣿Ϊʲô᣿
Ľһ£·һ
ȻԼҪãҸոպȻ뵽Լ·ûи⹫պãһ˰·͸⹫ÿ¶ͶҲΪһΪүˣ
մ̰Ŀһ·ͷ
ţǸø⹫͹ȥ
Ľմ󺣵߿İ·үүүүѩ͹ȥҪ鷳
ϴѩҪ黹ѵô
ĽǿԼȥմȻʧı飬·ţͼϹЦеվſڿ
ʦ
ϹЦеصͷ
ʱ仹磬ʦȥոࣿ
Ľԥһ£תͷ˿Լϵķţصͷ
ã
ãҲҪȥ˼ҰԼոõ·͸͡
һ·ϣĽ඼Щ˼
ϹĽģ̾Ϣһ
үүùõ飿
Ľͷ
ǡ
үүŮ
ף޷ܡ
֪үүԼŮǾ仰Զײڣүүѵʱүүߵ˲ǹùãҲǹùá
Ϊʲô
ƾʲô
үүֻѩ޼ɵ
ûĸ׵顣ĸʲôʱԼڳĺģȴԶܿеĶŮ
Ľෳس˳Լͷ
Ҫô
ɣģ
ɣүүû취ƽ͵سԼĶѵҪаһҼƷǳô
ôѵֻöôүү֮ԸΪģΣ				

19첻̫

Ľ۾һüЦ
ллʦ
ϹЦеصͷ
Ц˺ãЦһƬ˺ÿ
ĽǾסĵطǸڴ˰ҲûҵνݣĽЦؿʦ
ʦ֮ǰ֪ûݣ
ϹεͣЩ߳ŭػӻ֣ûؿڡ
˾ˣˣ
ĽЦǱʾԼܺһߣԼ·
һҪȥͶ
ϹĽЩЦҲ˼ɣôһһĽУ
ӻĽȥأԼȻ˼ҡ
Ľᳵ·ȥ˹˼ң˭֪ȴ˸ա
ź֪뵽ȻԼǰƣ˼һġ
˵ķ䣬Ƕ˵ķ䣬治̫ܿ
ϴȻĽҲϴδҴææ˲ϸ鿴͵ķ䣬ⲻҪһһ
浽߰Ķ·˵Թķ룬ùëë´ɲס
ֻ벻ûм
εͷؿʼʰ
ӸոʰɾĽ洫˴ߺ
ףϴǼҷſţС͵Űɣ
УС͵Ͻϴ󷿼䣬Ҳ͵ʲôɣǷ䶼ϵûУ
Ц֣͸ɿһ۴ЦسǷһţ״Ҫˡ
˵һ䣬Ӵǡ
˵ͽŵʱ滹ǶһĨ֮ġ
һ̤ţһӰһ붼û룬ֱһץסԷĸ첲һ˷ǽϡ
ͣ
Ľɫһ䣬æſ֣εǸ
Ľ෭˸ۣʹ̵ĸ첲ûָָԱϵ·
·㿴ϣ
۾һתͷȥ·ֻǵ·ʱ֪ط֮ǰ߰ļʰøɸɾҲڷŵþġ
Ľ࣬ģ
Ľߣ˷ֱһˮ
ȻΪأܳĴָﲻɣûˣڿʰʰ棬ϾͲСˣæҸĹҲŵ˼Ұ
ĽǰʹȻйһһ壬ԷǸĺӣӴʱȻҪΪʹ㡣
·ָһ٣ޱҡͷߴųŪ
ϱҪϱ
ҪϱʲôãͷԷô
ĸһ˵׺ȥ֮󣬶˵ԼĶ뿪ǼңôǶӲŲʣ
̾˵ҪҪԹޣҪôܲԹ
ĽԭҪģɵ۵һķŭʹ࣬Ȼ뵽͵ĸס
˰̰ɣ
ⲻҪʱ仹취ܶࡣ
Це͵·Žżʹϡ
Ӹߣҹ·ܺÿ
Ȼ´ڹϾ͸רŶһ㣬˧Ӣʿĸо
ǺıǽΧĻĽ඼Ϊǻص˶ʮһ͡
Լϵ·ٿ۾ŹĽ࣬ЩŤض˶ӡ
·զô֣
ȷʵѿ
ĽһЦĹ͵ļ
֣֣˧С˧ˣԺҪĸСﰡ
һ·
Ĵ磬Ҹ˵ȥֱ֮ϹȺС۾ҹƣԺû˾ͷȥһȦǻĺˣ
üͷŴӲĿڡ
ҪҿԸ򣡡
ⲻһЦ
Ľûط˸۾Ҫߣȴקס˸첲
ȵȣ
ʹӶóһǮ͸ƱݣһԶݸĽࡣ
µĹʣ֮ǰɽϴĶǮϴȥԷûǮ·Ǯ
Ľ಻˵Щȡ
֪ǮЩֻô࣬Ժٷٸ㡣
ĽЦһëƱƱ֮Ķ
ô֪ôǮ˵ɽϻ㲻ҪˣҸгΪǼëǮĿȥ˵˵ֵһٷһ·
Ǹжͱӣû뵽Ľô
Ľ࣬Ҳǡҡ
ʲô㣿Ҹ㣬ǮˣǵãҲΪǷҲյģǮҸţԺȢϱУǵãҰ㵱壬壬֮䣬ҪЩף
תͷҪߣҪֺȻתͷ
Ҿ㣬˵һǮǮǮԺǼң
Ľŭ뿪ЦЦͷԼϵĴ£Ȼã죬̫䡣				

20ٽ

ٽ
ؼҵһ·ϣĽ֮
ⲻøǮǮӦøǮˣȴ硣
Ľ뵽Լʦ㣬Ȼ뵽Ҫô
ֻϧţҪҺԴȰүүȳ˵
ڶգϹԼȥ
壬ȻҪǮҲԡһγ棬ǮҹĻܳԹס
üͷһ壬裬ضĽࡣ
㿴ΪǮæˣ
ĽЦе
ȷҸ˵ɾûˣʱҪǮûˣȫͶ
ĽԴ۵׵ı˪ػΪЦ⡣
ͨˣиʵͦõġ
ˣҪʲôǮ
ʶԼϵ·⼸գÿȥ·ֵûһ˵ÿģ׷׹ģ
ȥ
Ľһʶࡱ˰ٻ¥
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ÿ첻ͣҪˣҪк͸سǷ˸׳죬ҲûǸ˵СӰӣԼٻ¥飬չҲ̫˳
壬ˣ
ĽЦеƿ¥칫ҵţöپ־ϲ
Сô㣿
Ҫͱӵ龪˾֮Ȼ
ֲôһֱôϤȴԭˣ
뵽ӵĲԼֶǣǰͲСԵⶫʵ
ҵپͷģҲ֪ɷҪæڴӳţ˵ȥ¥תת
壬㶨ô
Цһָָſڡ
Ҿҽܾ㣬̻ȥҪ飬Ҳпְܲˣ
Ľ۾һ˼ǡ
ȻĻǾͲϼƺϼƣϾүүʱЩˣ˶е㵣أ
ЦĽЦ̵ģʵǵĵӣҲǱߣѾˣү治Կࡣ
ҲΪ֪Сĺž
̸ĽҪʹЭȱ©˺ܿƶһ׷
壬Ǹһ£ֲϻûУ
ۼؿһ۹͵·Цŵͷ
ҪûУҪĻǣ
ֲ׶ϷȽʱˣǰٻ¥ҲŪ˲ٻû뵽ʱ˵ĲϣȻ˻¬
һҲûȥ˵쳯ӿЦǶڲֿŷùĽҪȻֵø±˵ҲС
Ľµ˺뷨Цеسҡҡͷ
壬ʶһȻԿгǶپ͸Ƕ٣жö٣ҪĶĻӦÿ԰æ͵İɣ
꣬һЦĽԽԽϲ
ŶСԲ˵һʡȴףԼǷµȣʡǵСǮǾţһëѡ
Ǿ仰Ǹɴ¶
ȻûͻŵӣտҪȥݷã˳ȥ
Ľӿдڴı֪ٵĴ㣬ЩΡ
ҪʦСܵβĻܲ˼ƲСʦϴ֣ⱲٶβͿ˫֡
Ľдʡ
˵ǰ棬ܱ֮󱻾ܾ֮߳ŭúá
ҲԱߵͷΪĽ֤Ϲүûֹ
ıٿȻ
Ҳ̫ģܵܵĲһõġ
ĽǵǰƺಡҽѧѾʲô⣬ֻҪúٵȸ꣬һԸΡ
ĽڰοǿЦ
Ц֮ʹĽȥֿ⿴ϡ
ǰߣĽ͹ںš
תͷĽЦ̵ı飬üͷš
Σա
Դץţȴ¶棬˭֪ʲôأ
ĽһЦЦеسŹͼ۾
׻˵úã͵ǣҪôҵݸһ
ǰĺⷬҲתͷһ۹ӣҲЦ
СֵܣֶŮ˲á˵ûȻΣеģģȴǿ쵶նĿٺѸݡ
ͲȻĹعϣֻǵĽѣϾǸԴǸ죬ʲô鶼ɵóĻ졣
Ľִˣֻ취߻ȫ
ֿ
ѵĶĽǿ˱һãǸҲá
ëزԼʮƥȫ£׼ùͿϴȥס޵Ǹ̼źã˼ҵչܷá
壬ֵֺͲüЩǣԼǱߵЬӣһ˫
ЦеصͷԼָĽѡ
ڽĽ͹ͿŴСشӲֿȥǹˡ
ۻԱƼ쳯
쳯ЦһԼһе
ߣǻͷĿԲԵϣȻ󡭡				

21

Ľֿƥ˼ңҡڵϲ˵Χۡ
ͣҪ·ô಼
ǰ׬Ǯˣ
ɲôϵ·ɾֺÿϣ
ͣģҲҪҶӺһסҲø࿴󡣡

ҲǵһαôԴһʱ侹ȻЩܳãȻֲ֪롣
ʶؿĽ࣬ͼԷЦе
ܺã㲻ҪΪ˵Ĵ򵥣ϲ֮顣
۵ӿһĨмĽͷתͷȵĴһͨⶼĽģǮ
ҪǮⲻǣⲻô
ǰˣҿҶӴ·Ҳͦá
Ľ࣬ҲǮҪҪҶҲŪһװ

ԴҵķӦĽЦüۣЦеظһӻ֡
үү尢ǣҪĻҹ壬ǮͲƱٸߴ磬һͷֲкܶ࣬ǸҪʲôģҲԹ·
Ľ༫ټϹû¾ڴϻεϢܿɢȥ
Դոմӳϲģ˾ͷǡ
ӴԸ磬ǴǣˣǴС£
ǰǰǰԸһʱ䲻ڣǶˣ

Դĵļֵܣֱһ˸һš
СǣҽҸĻ¶ˣ׼꿪ͽ顣ʱҲķˣҸ֪ٻ˾ľҸ绹˵ˣ׼ȹΪʳþҵġ
ҫ
һСëͷͻȻ˳šԸ硱͵̣һģ
ȵȣ㲻ǹôô
СëͷίؿԴµ˵Լ
СӿǶһãƾʲô·ֵҵʱ͸һ˫ЬӴ򷢣˵ʲôС࿴ʱޣǹۿ˵ͣ
ԴЩɻĿԱߵˣڼң֪淢ʲô
ĸһͨ˵ʹռСѾͷƬӣ÷ˮ
һ⡱֣Դɫһ䣬̶˲óˣֱ
˵ʲôȷô
ǰԼ˲ϣȻǮͲƱҼӹⲻʲô
ԴЦһ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
Ը磬˵ɶ
Դһ˵ԴЦһ
ûĻȻ
֮ǸͶСëͷٺһЦ
ڻȥŹͣʲô׵ĻϽ֪ͨңȥйʱ߲룬ҲġʱҪ·ɣټɣ
Сëͷ۾һɿصͷ絷⣬һ̶ˡ
Ը磬ôһǵأ
ǰǰ˵Ը粻ǣ

Ǽ·˭֪Ľ˿ɶǣĸۺ죿ͱץˣ·ҲøǸСëͷ
Դڳ쳯˲Ԧ֮ʱó
ǺһЦѵļ
ǿҵǶԺҸʳ֮ȫҪǣôǣողֻǸǸСëһѡǣҪڰӣһ㱨
ԣЦ
ԴһĻϵЦԽԽ
ͣĽ࣬ҵģǡʲôˮʲô۶ѣ
ĽæһҪʦѧϰҽһҪæЩϺ·Ųմصĸæ
ڹͣø·ڴ˶ߣظĽ
Ͼô󣬺ܿ͸Դײš
Ӵʱ䲻ǹˣģģдˣǸɥǵʵˣ
㣡
ŭضǰԴȭͷ
Դ¿Źͣ۾һգգ·ϣЩȡ
·ȷÿǵӰݵˣԼϵװÿ
ô˵ĲԣүүְֺȫûˣˣҲˣ˵Ĵɥǣô
ԴԽ˵Խӣʹʲô˵ʲôЩһѰѵӣݺݵ
ұ죡
ҧгݵŭȭͷǰ壬ȴǧһ֮ʣټȭͷһֻСָס
С֣ģ޻
תͷԼߣĽһĹһ㣬߸ߵ̧°ͣ¶ĵŶԴ				

22±ץ

ץ
Դֵ÷зС˹³ɺӿͷʱЦһ
ĽࣿǺþò˵Ĳϲ
Ľû˼ҲЦеصͷ
ǲҲ˴·Ҳѡ˵ģǸһ٣Ҳ壬ߣ
ͺڳĿضһԴޱתͷĽĽŲ
ԴݵĿ˵ıӰݺݵĥĥ
˸ӣܻǿңôģȥǸСë
ĽԴ·ͼԴһɹ񾯽š
壬Ҫץô
Цеǰһؿڣͬʱ
ʹһɫ
ԭΪʲôӯˣȴǸСѾͷ滹֮ǰȥΪʳóԹڿĽʱʱЦˡ
ԭĽడһЩأҲ֪ɶʱܻ
Ľ൹һᶨ
үүһģʱҹԷ͡
Сظһᶨ
Ϊ׵ľúЦΪʳõķ˿ǳĺóԣǮҲһСҼҵģô
ľϸա
ͷɱССտ洫ġʱ滹ȥ̨Ӵ˵мֵ˼
˼ҳһһĽ࣬һһΪʳãԴ
ʳôˣҽ˵ˣԺʳþԼģţҲزˣ
ţֵš
ιιιǵ˵ҳôλͬ־ѵ֪Լְʲôô
ĽҲЦ
ǰ壬ҲҪ֪λأ
ĿģҶЦ˼Ϊ׵ľ
λͬ־յٱ˵һЩΪ˵͵͵ǵ飡
ʶؿĽ࣬ɫ
Ľࡰʧ롱ؿɷнµĿڡ
ʲôʲô͵͵ǹֹİ
ԴǻվԱ߹Ц
ͬ־ǣץ
ԴԭǸСå˭˭ȻûҲйµ淭һͨԭΪԴȴû뵽
Ȼҵƥëزϡ
λͬ־˼ҪǻؾһˣһⲼϵԴ;
Ȼ׼ٵǱŵùǺɫˢףӲ
Ľǰһסĸ첲
壬Ҳ߰ɣⲼҵģҲýܵ顣
Ľڸ˲Сķ粨ϢϹʱ򣬾ͼԴڸš
һȭͷƷڵأҪˣʲôıֶΣȻҪÿ
ޣΪʲôԺҪôô㣡
Դݺݵصһ۹ͣǿشӵ۵ͳޡ
ǵã˵ˣҪһһĥŪĽСѾͷƬӣιͣż
Ľʱھ˿ûôί

Ů񾯸Ľ൹һˮȶȶ˵
Ľͣ۾ͨظҽԼġ
Һ͹һȥ濴үүʱֺȥٻ¥תһȦöණҶֻϣñ˻ҪƱҾˡ˺ö࣬Ժãǣүүҡ
˵Щ۾һգתƵ䡣
ûǮԷˣңû취ⲼҲȥ͸˸취æӹһ£Ҿ͸һ²ǮǹС
ʵľҲЩΡ
ֻǸĺӣﻹƵǷˣ
ãȻĻȷǸҲûдĲô
ĽȷһԼ϶ҡҡͷ
ġǸˣһֱԱ߰æǮˣ
ʽ˶ţĽĨĨᣬعǡ
ϵòˣӦҲ˰ɣ
ԴĽͽȥ֮󣬾һֱڵϢû뵽ȻһСʱͼĽҡڵشӾֳ
еͷһӣ˵˹ȥ
ιͬ־ôܰЩ˷ųȥأˣ
ԴԭʹС죬ƽʱ͵ԴܸĻҲðСץʣԴĻûصһۡ
ԴҾǲҪٹʵټ׵عܸ棬Ͱץȥ
ܸ棿ôܸ棿
ԴˣۿһֽǮһֽ
ģ
ιλͬ־òҲǵǮԲ°ɣ				

23


Դ˵ãһ˵ԱߵҲ
ιԴҾ㣬ſڿӵˣȻھͰץȥŲţ
Դһݺݵصһۣһݻתͷ뿪
ĽվԱߡ硱ĵؿ񾯡
壬ҪŸɡǸ죬Ǹå֮ǰʳſڰүүϴλʳſڶҪҡ˵ԺҲ
ҲæǰסĽļ򣬿ٵذĽԴ֮ľ˵һ顣
һﻹ֪ԴҪǣ֮ԴپǵĻһǰæ
Ľࡰм㡱صл뿪
Ľ࣬ԺǧҪôΣյˣ㲻֪ովǳʱɤ۶ˣ
Ľĸ첲ǳЦ
ûѾϽȥԷ˯Ѿˣ
۵ؿһۻûԼҴŮʹĽ࣬̾һ
ҲΪˣ
ĽЦЦתͷ뿪ȴԼҼſڱݶס
ιĽ࣬˵챻ץˣΪɶ
Ľüͷһ壬΢䡣
ݶʵϲ
˵ƵԼŵԭȥԼԽǡ
ô˵
ĸŮ֮һӣԶԶ۰ĺܣŮȴûôãҲǴݣݣݾꡣ
Ϊ˼̱˵Ψ²ңǮ˼ǰܹȣɿǣȴ°һһıģԼ
ûʲôֻ鰸ѡ
Ľ۾һһؿޱüͷ
ŵĻһȥ
ݸտʼĻڿĽ̹֮ȫս磬ؿڡ
Ǹ㲻ʶôܲܣתһ
ͣת
ĽͨѲһȦ֮󣬺Ȼ
˳ǡ
ԭݽϲˡ
ûھͱݶסͣƴƵǽߣ۾Աҿһ飬Χûб֮ѹ
Ҫ˵ʲôϲϲģңֻ˵ܸһЩСѣҪæѡ㲻תˡ
˵ЩйǽǣͣĹĵصĽһ֮󣬷ɿתͷ뿪
֮ǰвĽࡣ
ҵ飬һ㶼ܸ߱ˣ֪ô
ĽæĵͷͲݲҪ˵ȥأ
˸ظңļˣȴû뵽뿪֮ķӹսǴһĨӰı
ӰЦ
ռҵȵץģĽţֱӭȥϵ¿һ飬ֺ֮󣬲źݺݵһ
Ľ࿴ӣЦЦ
Ҷ˵ˣû£
ͻǲͬ
ʲô飬Խȥ
Ƥ񣬲Դ
ĽЩΣһ˳߸ߵĺӣΪɶģ
ɣմҲƿӽţŭĽࡣ
Ҿ̫ˣ㱻ߣһ֪㾹Ȼ쿪ʼҳȥһɣڼЪš
ĽЩż
үүû㲻ʸ
йҲ֪ģǲǣ
Ľʹ˸ɫ
һ£ͷ
մĳζͬĽٳ׬Ǯ
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ĽЩץ
үүҹʮ壡
մ󺣰ڰ֡
ʮ壬ڼ꣬ʮͿԼˣôˣ
Ľɴ۾ŵĿմ󺣾ȻӰͬһƹ۵Լؾһ
ģҲҲֻ˵
ĽЦҡͷ
ƣĲ
뵽Լ·ڴһŵݸ˹͡
ʲô
ĽЦüۣЦųŹͼ۾
鰡ûյ
ĽùճһţԼڴһ
Ľ໹Ϊ֮ҪԼؼŹ͵ԽȤ
Ӳתͷߡ
㡣
ڣմ󺣺ϹҲ졣
ϸ磬ҭʳеˣ
մ󺣿Цһ
ô죿ĽܸɣһСҼҵģԴЩСȣҪԿġ֮ǰ
ѾԲס⺢ˣҲؿ¡
Ϲ̾һ
Ҽбľ
Ȼմ˵ڶֱӳҹĽڼš
ʦȰȰүү
ϹʾԼΪּ£ò͡
ѾµļƻĽôܹ
С궨˳֮Լ˵ÿνǣҪַھҫһ
ĽϢ͵ļС飬Լû˵ʱ͵͵ԼҰԼļƥصԴ¡				

24´


Ľ༱س˾֣尢̰Լҵ͵
Ȼүүҵġ
ҺףĽ໨Ǯô಼˼ҹѺӴˡ
Ⲽˣ¾ٳ躢ӵļҳҲ̲סְɣ
ҼæĽʾһæҶ
ȥûҵκƥһ㡣
ʱ˺Ȼ
᲻Դɵģϲ㱨˵ϴԼܸ治ɣȻ󼵺Ľˣ
ȥԼңԼҴŽ
˸ڵھӣԷ޲ĽرʾԼ
˶ȥ濴Ůȥˡ
һϼƣԴ˻£ܳأ
ǣŶ룬ԴҵǼƥϡ
ԼڳС쳯һԷ̸ϵǸΪʳá
쳯ϴЦظԸһơ
ġʮþȣֻܻؼҵϢ죬Ҿ԰ʳù͸Ҳҵļ񡣡
ԸЩˣٻƴһܲ˼Ҿ̫֪
鲻żСĻҪܵܲɲţԺʹûϵ
Сְֵ֪˼εؾͣŭص˰ְһۡ
֣˵ģǲСô˵һ᲻ܵģǰɣ
쳯ͿС꣬Сֻ֣ͶɫѾõüҪģĶˣæͷ絷⡣
ǣ᲻ܣһ᲻ܵġ
ԴЩˣæΪ쳯һơ
Ժ׸磬ʲôԸĻǡ
쳯ԴߵýСӵıԣȻҲ̫ϣСϣٰЯ⡣
Ʊյòʹ졣
ڴҳԱʱȻһ񾯲졣
λͬ־˼Ǿڰ참һλԴͬ־һˣЭ참

㿴ңҿ㣬׷װԴϡ
쳯Ҳ֪СӲû뵽Ȼ졣
ĵϣȻ˰Դôȥüǰһҷ̡
ͬ־ˣԴСӣ֪ʲôͶǴݹ١
ԴԼҲ±ƣ֪Լܻ˽Ļ£βˣԼЩֵܽԼȥüΣû֨
Դǣһҵ԰
ҵԣ
쳯ЦˣҲԼ޹⡣
˭
ٻ˾ĸְ֮ǰǾٻ˾Ͳ˵Ǽҵģҵ׷ĺܣĸ
˵ĴָĽ
ΪСӳҲֻǸ֮ǰһܶŹʲôģ˭ʱ¶ƫƫҵԣ⻰ȥôˣ
Сɫһ䣬ݺݵصһ۵ܵܣæǰ
ͬ־ǲǸˣҵܵܲȱԲȱҲǮôܻҵԣ
ԲѾ˳ֵ֤ݣһˣ
ˣʶذĿϣѹȡ
Դ
˵Ƕں˵ûġ
쳯ѹԼŭ𣬴ԼóһǮҪΪ׵ľȴԷܾ
쾭ôĻǻһ
ߡ
쳯ɫְףܸо˵Լϣ˱۾ÿλӡ
ǸСϣ뱣֤ԼûСӱԷץ
ģǷſңſң
Դ˵ڴߣСĸҪ쳯ȴԸһֱ˹ȥ
ֻæҽԺ͡
쳯ԼһҽԺ潻סԺѣȥ濴˿Դ˽֮ƣػ˼ңģȴǸ׵ŭ
ƣ㶼ʲô£˽ãջȳ²֣Ӷôģ
쳯ŸӹĶɫһס
֣ⶫǴŪģ
ŪģҪ˲֪ǼĪΪҶٴθ㣬ʲôһҪСĽأʲô
츸һת˻⡣
첻ȥԼôô˵ʲôʱǽ飿
쳯֪׶ԼѡһŲԵŮ˳ַ̬ȣҲ˵Դ飬ֻ˵Ըȥˣû̸ɡ
㹤飬Ҹƽ飬Ұƽ꣬·Ҫҽ顣
֣Ϊʲôôż
츸һ
ΪԸ⣿ϴȥ׶飬֪㲻ϲŮ԰ؾˣ˵Ѿˣһ顣ʱμӻ񡣡
쳯ףΪʲôְϲС꣬
ȴ֮ͬĻ¡
еǲס
֣㲻һֱҪǼҵôг²æĻҿ϶ܹ۶
츸ڰ֡
۶̫ңڹȥʡҾϳǸˣ粻¡
쳯ģӼᶨҪȢСꡣ
ڶյҽԺС껹ѾԸͳͳԴ
ҾֻһܵܡСʱ̫ְ趼ȥæˣֻڼŵܵܣҵĺӣ㲻ܲܰ
ǰȻЩŵûȥ͵

쳯üͷذڰ֡
飬һ취				

25½


쳯ԭΪֲɮ濴棬²Լӣ⿴׵ӣҲܷԴҲܻǮ»СС»ޡ
û뵽ϵ˾֮ȴ֪ԴѾתȥľ֡
ôô
־ֳһڲΪɽҹ˰Դ͵档
ⲻΪôȻҪ㣬˵͵ǲ˻һС۾Ϲˣ
쳯֪Էҽڣǲòϵϡ
һˣûаϵȥ֮ͳ˱Ÿ
û취֪廹ϵˣ˱ԱֱӸϵĽ
Ľİ˽ţ۾һ
ؿŶԷ
壬˭
ԷһС쳯һ
Ȼ뵽Լ֮ǰ̳õ׼͸Сĺ˿æó͸Ľࡣ
үү˵ԼĶҪ
쳯ǺһЦʼĽүүúãĽ೤úÿ֮ͤͤġ
ãεСﶼѾʼ˼ˣԼúãִ󷽣ûĽһֱץ鲻ţ֮ڽмơ
ĽػһܿСƲߣ
ؽ˶Է˿˿ڴЦеصͷ
á
쳯ҪЦĽڡ
Ǽû˼ڵĸڣһܿġ
Ŀܿһ㣬쳯ȴĲ
޷Լԭ͸СĶڼͷϻһʲôЧֻܸɰͰ͵ЦЦʼת⣬ѯʱ͵ϺԴ飬ﻰ˼Դ͵
Ľһ֪ϸȥĽ๢ֱʵʵ˵
͵˼Ҷ˾˵Դû͵ҶѵǲԼ˽ܵǼҵģϴλүүҾôһүүүүˣô죿ҡ
ӹֱҭˣ޵Ъ˹̶̼ʱ䡣
쳯̾Ľ緭飬תͷͷѾվˡ
ͱĽԸھĽһޣæ˼˵ռˡ
λͬ־˭Ľôˣǲ
۸㣿
ˡǳ쳯ġ
쳯ɫ˱䣬ѿί
棬ûʲô¶⻹û˵˵һԴСѾ޳⸱ģ
Сˣ
Խ˵Ľ޵Խ
ͷǵıʣֻ˵ԼԴĽ򣬹ԴǸģĽһ档
һĽ໤󣬶쳯üԡ
λͬ־˼ү챻ԴˣȴСһ棿һȻأԴô
쳯һŶ
ΪʲôϲС򽻵ԭС֪ͨǴ˿Ȩ
ѡԼİ취
λȻô˵ҲסֻҪǿԷ׷Ĵ󣬳ôУҿԱ֤Ժ֮Բٶǽб
Ľᣬߺ
֪ɢĽַھӣЦǺǵĽļ
Ľ࣬㲻мҪ˰æôλǳĴٵġֻҪ˵һܹ
Ľ۾һ
壬ô
Ȼƽʱ쳯ҲϲȴָѼϼܵĸоǿЦЦ˻֡
Ҫô˵Ҳֻڳʶ˶ѡ˵˵˵Ұõ
Ľȵľ仰
һүүţ˵
˸ˡ֪ʶô
ţ
쳯Ȼ򣬹ֲã֮ǰ˵Ľô죬˵
ǣΪʳˣ
Ľͷ
ǰүүĻҺүүƾͱԴ۸ˡ
쳯ϸ룬ҪΪʳãţˣֱ֮ӵͷ
ãһسʿ
ĽЦˣֻֿ۵׵ȴζɢ
үүץǵĹһģرʾ԰æֱ޳ܣ
ĽЦӯӯ쳯ĨһѺһ
Ҳô
ĽЦЦݸһˮ
ллڼң˵Ҫ۸ʲôأ
ֵƳĽһۡ
㰡㣬ƭˣ۶ӦԱ߿ҲУʡ㱻۸
ĽûڣϵĸмǵƲס
ƺİ嶨ţͷŵϢڶŴĽרһ˹֣ͷԴ
鷳ˣĽҵǼңϾ˼ǳģԡǷ˰ɣ
˵һͣס˵һ֡޿κΡĸо				

26°ڿ

ڿ
ԣԲһԵ۸˼СϷ룬һظĽౣ֤Ǿͺá
Ľмصͷ
ллλ尢̣ˣҳҲɶԸҰ˵ӣ͸ǲҪ
Լӷϣ֮һڵİζӡ
䣬ǰӰװֵģһǾϸģҶŲ˵Ǿֳİ嶨
ӾġһӸƱǮ
Ľɫһ䣬æҡͷ֡
ǿطˣʱģҪġֻǽַھӸ
һСʳѣ˵ΪʳԺˣְӣҲûˣ
Ľϵ㯣Ҳε̾Ϣһ
Щ飬ϰ˵Ĳ㡣
Ľ࣬ҸǼŮıǺ«ȥԣ
ֳȿڣҲ׷׸ϣԼеĸĽ໻˻еûֱӸԼ´ɲʲôģܣȴǱǿЦá
ڴҵ黶£Ľ̤˾ְ칫ңžͼѺԴ
òسԴк
Ըá
˵ãһ˵Դߵصҧгݡ
ѾͷţҳȥһŪ㡣
Ľࡰһغ˼ί޹ص
۾
Ը磬ҡֻǣֻҪҪǼƥѣҲ֪ᱻץ
񾯿һĻҲŭĳԴʵ㡣
Դ֪Ľ鷳һҪÿ
ԴҪ
ԼûǼ飬ƫƫ˶ԼĴĽģĽڱ
˵ٶ࣬ûһԸ뿪ʱҲ˵ҪԺҪĽ鷳
ôܣôʵ
Ը磬ңĲҡ
Ľ඼조ޡˣһ˹źްվſɪɪŵá
־ֳһŮͬ־Ľ뿪ְ֣
˼Сʱ֮󣬲ŷ뿪
Ľ˲Ÿոյңͼŭ˳ʱɫһ䣬Сܼǰ
Ľ࣬ȥΪʲôȵң֪֪Է٣
֪ԴǸåͻ죬ΪʲôôһУѵ鶼ԼȫҪҪô
壬֪㵣ңҲǰȻôˣүүˣڳɳ˲ٿͷҪҪȥƣ
ȥɵԴ֮Ľ಻Ǹȥ
Ľǰ͵Ц
֪Ǹ׼ĵ춹ġ
Ľţ˿ͷ𣬿ţȴøм
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ʱϹ˳ԵģְһУ˵ѾڵĹˡңȥ˼ֳˡ
ĽЦˡ
үүúþͺá
ţ֪ĽлҪ˵ϾԼץԼΣ֧˼ˣĽѯ
үүʣҪΪʳüô
Ľ˼˵߲ԡ
ΪȥˣСͽϰĲˣٸһʱȫԶһ棬ᣬүүߡ
үү붯Ҫ̣ҲϾҪˡ

ţЩԥ
һԼʹˣˣڶΪεףԽϣ·Խߣġ
Ľ࿴ţԥ
үүûϵԿǿǡ鲻żҪˣǰոүү·øҲһߴСô
ţҪƾܣԼȴһǼס
ллĽడүүûаһ
ţɫһ䣬üһѳ·Ľ໳
أ׬Ǯô˵ǰܺˣǲǮô
ĽЦеҡҡͷ·˻ȥ
үүԿⲼ϶ǳ˵ģҿûҪ·ġ̣϶֪أ
̹һЦһĴȡ
ɲǣʵҲ̰·ǿӴ·ʵÿ
̺Ľ˵Ȱ˵£ţ·Ҳô֮󣬺˶̫һˣ
Ľ࿴ţı飬жһʵ˵ţץĴεġ
Ұ飬Ľ͹ͻռңͼմڼ
㻹֪ļң㻹֪
ĽŲһ٣ԭء				

27벻ͨ᲻

үүôô
ЩֵѯϹ롣
մ󺣡žһһӣŭĽóһ·
·Ǹ˭ģڿ˵øҲˣɴӹûиˣԼ˵ĵ
Ľס
֢ỹԼǸԶũĹùú͹ø
۶ӣ
Ϲ롣
Ϲ볯ҡҡͷֻЩɬѰ
Ը˼Ϊô˵ô붼ڣ仰Ӳ
ƫƫǿĽͽܣ
ǰҪΪĽ粵ȴϹȥԼóһǮͲƱ
ϸ磬Ľ࣬סõĻһһȥͲͷˣ
մ󺣱ҲǻˣֻŮ˵ȻҲûʲôġ
ˣ˵ģ⡣
Ϲô˵æεش֡
ϸ磬ߣܣҲҪߵģֻǡֻǡ
ĽҲ̫˼ҳܣʵ
үүȥ淭һ飬ôֻҵЩ·أ
˵ţתͷ棬ԼЬӺů֮ϡȱƷ˳
ЩأҪ֪Ǹ˭ôҾ͸һ
һһԼ·
Ǹүģӵϥ˲ܺΪʱʳʱˤһӣϥˣô궼ûãһͻۡ
һǸҴ˾˵ġ˾ÿ궼ɻÿνǶͳԵġҰҲǴ˾չ˵ġ
һǸҶ˾˵ģһҶ˾˼Ļľ˵ǸҰְ֣ȴùˡͲ·˭͵ģ˽ԸԼŮǷ飬
һ˾˵ģ˾ҪʱŮҪޣûǮ˯ţ֪֮󣬸дţڶ˾˰Ǯ͹ġװ飬ʼռǵãŮǳˣ˾˵ʮ궼ûн飡
һ
Ľ°ͣһһ˵һһ
ԱԹ۵ϹѾ۾͵͵ıʼĨᡣ
վſڣǸж۵ؿһĨǿӰдΪ𺳡
Ϊʼٸߵմ󺣣Ѿ档
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
ãûã
ĽЩ·ֻǡֻǡ
Ľӣִóһ·Ǵ˵ģһСõ·Ͳõֽů֮Ķ
үүһֱĹùũòá·Լѡģ¹ҲҪꡣʦ˵ûкӣû취ĸ飬룬ʦ˵Ĳù֮ǰ˶·øҰֵľ£룬ֻûĺ׼˵·õĶͷȥһȦǮƱʲôģȻүүôģҰѶԼȥɣ
ĶһԶȫմ󺣵Уһӳš
ͳϹͷɿ׷˳ȥ
Ľһ̶سȥԶ䣬ʪ½
ҧֱίͱƣѹŵĿۡ
㡭
Ҫ˵Ҫڡ
Ľػһʲô֪ʲôû
ƫƫΪԼԸ㶨һеʱԭΪʮþȵļͥ飬ʹ˻¬
Ĳ飿үү̫Ӽͥ飿
ǰľ˶ãͶԱ˺ã˶ȻԼӱ֮
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҪ
û취ֻͣԼӣԼľĽ
ҴСûΰְָ֣һƬңǾҵİְ֣ҵİְӢۡҺܸˣҲɺȻһ죬ˣ̿ˣңҵӢ۲ˣҵİְҲûˣԺ󣬴ҿҵˣͬʹһĲѺá˴ܣһؼҸ״̴ңִҸ˼ұ΢ĵǸǼ鲻Ϊҡ
Ľ棬ƺԼոյķŭίʧֻжǰƱԼܶкϧ
̸ңǸҲûˡһû˷һСľͻġҪ治Ҫ£ЩӱܿߡرܿˣԽǱܿǾԽǹֱ֣ɨǣûҪҰӣҴһ١֮ҾͿʼҵĴġ
תͷֱֱؿĽࡣ
ôһµң̴ûзµҡʱҲ֪澿ôġţˣˡ
Ľҡҡͷ
㲻֪ģҹùǣֵã
ϡǼǮһˣֵá
жϧ
ֻ벻ͨҲ᲻á
벻ͨүү֪ԼŮʲôӣȴҪķذæ¡
᲻үүôͣΪŮ龫ǣͿ౼				

28뿪

뿪
εҡҡͷЩ飬ҪԼŻᶮ
֮䣬ûеɽģһһϵҺãҲõѹϵ
ԳĬ
֮󣬹ͲĽԴã
ԣҴô

ҡͷ
ûվϣûҪ֪ǣүүҲûĸԺӵ˼ûʹڣЩУԼΪԼŮһ飬ûҪΪ򵥡
Ľã߻۽ǰϳɵϣȻȻһЦ
лл
Ҳ֮뵽һĻ
һԼԮʱ򣬼ᶨվԼΪԼ͹
Һˣǻȥɣ
ЩĽָٶ֮죬ɴŲõģ˿ǿЦݣһġ
ֻǣմȴûĽôܹõŵ¡
ǰһѶѶһһصشϡ
֮ǰϹ뻹οһɾ֮Ϲתͷ˷䣬ܶ
ﲻڣ
Լ˽ֻ뵽ŮԼó嶯ŭúܺõŮϣûкҩ
˵ȥĻóȥˮնղ
һǰĶŽĽķ䣬軨ˮģ˫ۡ
Ľʲô̧š
һƬХ
˹ϺĴ£ȻºҲĽ˾˼ĹģΪ̫ˣԼŴˣĽѣ㶼飬Ҳ˳ҲмҪ·
Ů˵ĲǷ˳̫̫࣡
ߩһѱ飬Ьϲ˲˹·ɿسš
ԶԶģǰſŮ͹˼СӣҪǰͱŮĻԭأ޷
䣬Ľ˵Ҵôʱǵһ㡣
֮˼СӵĻඥһ㣬
ˣ
ŮԼģĽȻǹֶϵĽûٱ۸ûҪĽǮŮȻŮ˵ҪؼңæתͷߣȴɿĽ˸š
үү
Ľ࿴˹һۡ
Ҳһ±ƣԼҲûеĲմʲôʱġ
մ󺣺۾ĽͷοĿһԱߵĹ͡
Ľ࣬үүԲס㡣˵ûҲǿ㡣ԺǮãүүԺǿˣ
ĽԭͲһӲĳˣͷ׷˸ԼǸвһɬ
үү
˵մذڰ֡
ݵɫ¹ԵԽݱ񣬹ؽڴײſӣǱ˵ģĽ⼸Ϻõҩ֣Ҳˡ
ˣؼҰɣ
˵Щɪ
һ󺮷紵ͷϰ߰׵ͷڿ΢΢ҡš
Ľ򴽰꣬ȻЩָ̣ʱԲڸԣȻԺ
۾ߣתͷȻؿڡ
ҺȻ뵽ûˣȥвɣ
ֻģ́͵ʱ򣬺ȻֹԼȻͺܹĵһ㣬һæǣҡͷ
ˣе䣬Ȼؼˣ
߼˦˺ĹֻͣǵȵصʱֺȻ뵽Ȼ󣬿Լǰ˵ֻһӶѣǽŸʲô
뵽͵ͣĽ뵽˸ڵݶԼǲҪ࿴࿴ϾǼû˴ˣԼбҪһ¡
˼Ļ̌ȴʦжŽȥȴϹʰЩį
ʦ
ΪϹ֮ǰ˵Ƿֻһдʣû뵽ȻģЩ޴߹ȥ
ʦүүֻ˵ѣ÷ϵġ
Ϲҡҡͷ
㲻ױ䡣
Ľﲻ
޷õʱ򣬸м㣬ɵȹѹ֮ǰĸмۿۡ
ʦҡ
Ľͣ޷ʦ¡
ȻϹŬԼƽ׽ˣİƭ˵ġ²òͷɸոүүĻβˣ
Ժ󣬸ȥҸ㲼õĹΣһ¡ȻСʦһĲ㡣
ǺǵЦЦ
ҲҺãͬ־飬ҵĹϵûתڻܻصȥ
Ľ۾ͷ
ʦ
ϹӦúúõģֻǵڶһĽʱϹ뷿Ѿûˣմ棬һİûں
治ǹģҲǸϹϵ
Ľתͷһӣ˽Լȭͷ
ԺһԼļңԼķӣʱ򣬾ܰʦӳˣ
鲻õĽɢɢģոճžͱ˶סȥ·				

29

Ľ࣬õʲôҵģҿҿ
ڼݶקĽдİĽۼֿرܿ
üݶ
ôˣô
ݶϵ˲仯Ϊͨɬתͷ˿ΧҧŴսĽָ࣬ɬšӡ
Ǹϴεô
ǸʹǼ·֮ϲٹﶼ࿴ͳٳٲԼż
ﻹڸ࿴󣬶С￴ϣ˭ȥ
Ľෳšüģͺݶ㶼СΪѲҵĵ˵ͷ
˸ˣ
ôô˵ⲻ
Ľ뵱ʱ͵ķӦҲû˵ɶ
û˵ֻǰǸŸˣ
ݶһ죬ҧŴԳԵЦһ
ӴСѾͷƭӾͲˡˣ˰ǡ
Ľ࿴ݶı뿪ĽŲ
ӦҸദϱ
Ůд˹Ҳס
ȻֵĸϽš
ĽŴİȥţңигûĺܡ
˵Ҫ裬ţ˵ֱӸˡ
ĽЦŵлָһѴǸӳԣŰѰ˳ϣţ־̾аѳš
ҵĳǶ˸ܣĽС˵ڳŻƨɣȻ뵽ϴιʹԼȥ棬ȵõ޵ӣ̾Ϣһ
ôõĺӣԺñ˭ȥ
˼һͨʱ÷ɿ졣
콫ڲŸϵ⹫ǼڵĳҴ塣
˳Ǵ峤Ҳ࣬ҲԺҵȻĽൽûм⹫ˣӼԺ֪˶ĺá
ֻԭǰ̫̫˽ʱѴҶİĴزʱ򣬴˾˵ĺӻƹҲֻƶѡ
ȻԭĽٻЩӡ
ԥҸµظɻھӴƼĽࡣ
ǳǹŮҵŮɣøֱһģһզȥأ
Ǵ˵ţץĽ־ҪҴ
ĽЩεָָԱߵг
һжҪæԼȥġ
Ľ೵һİǴЩȺߡ
ôŰǲռǸѾͷ۸ˣ
˭˭۸ˣ
ã仰Ҹոճŵˣʱüͷһ壬ŭĿӡ
ĽͷͼԼüĿ˺üԣвûо£һŨŨů
û˿Ϳİ̧ͷЦ
ţ
Ųţţ⹫⹫
ǰ°Ľһݺݵһ
ˣùûлǶԵġƤܾҪ£⼸Ƚæһ˾ȥ͵ʳôҲøꡣ
ĽůڵģΪ˽İ
ŸĶùأ
ûĽת䣬֮ǰǸʲô鶼ĺӣŮͷ
ߵĻ˾ȥ˳ҲɰռҳԿۡ
û˵ٻ
Ȼũ壬ǳҴ⸽ĸԣӣ滹ܳԶⷹǳЩƷģûֻܶŶӣʳ
ĽεЦЦûз
ϾռҺͳȣ治ͬն
ڴΪڻ˼ңĽҲ˻ȥ
ƼĽŵгͳһûǰʳЩȵؼ֮żæŵĽѯ
ǲûϵѹ㰲ס£ǸүүʲôãǸһƫԼҹŮȻͷ죬ûǵĽӼã֪ˣ
˵ĽεЦ
үү˵Ҳ˵ûȵѼóԵĺһԶ˳Ľž˱ˡ
Щûȥ˾ںɽժģ̫ˣҪ塣Щɽȥ
˵һ룬һԴ
ôˡҪסģ
ǺһЦ涫ĽԱһơ
ͰסţŪöúø㲹
ĽЦе֣¡
ţҺܺá㲻Ҳ˵ҳôҪסûҲֻΪʱ䳤ûǣ̫ˣ
ЦŵĽıǼ⡣
Ѿͷô͸ĨһţŸóԵġ
Ľ༱æҪæ
ţšѧ˵ˣȥ				

30¾۲

۲
Ľˣ
ԭΪĽõİû뵽ĽྐྵȻóһ⣬ʵĶݵ١
ĽתͷǾȵһԴԼһֱ˵ȻҪˣ
æȥְѰĶһͳ
Ǹ⹫ģǸ˾˵ġ
ǰ˶ѵ·һ˼֮ɸ߸ߵ·ѣæסĽࡣ
ȵȣ·Ǵģ
˵Ǯǲ϶Ūĺܰɣ
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ţʱ䲻ˣȥϵʱϸģϾ⹫һҪԷˣ
ҲǣĽǽȥҪæ
תۿĽʱĸɴදǾۡ
˵ĿʵʣĽҪ˺ԶС
ĽЦһ˸ڰƳ˳
ССɽԶԶؾŵһŨŨ㡣
˭㰡
ɻſھͱԼСһơ
죡
˶࣬пڳԵľˣ˵ᣬûԵĵ˶ǣ
СͣתͷͼԼҸڴЦеظǴк
ϿȥɣǼŮˣ˺óԵģζǼСӶŲأ
СһĴȣһЦ
Ľˣ
СҲӿ˲ϴһĨЦ⡣
ֻŵĴɩȴüЩǺͲá
޹֪иСãũ˼ң˭ŮƫƫԼƫû߶ˣŮزҪҪģѧǴý㣬ȴƫƫŪøСһ
ڴý㲻ߣܻݵȴǴýŮ
ֻҪһǸֲ˽СһᣬĴҪöģ
£ĽŲո˵ζҲۿۡ
ߵҪؼҵġ
ոսžСЦ
㰡ڵҲÿŵζҾǰԵĶʳˣ
Ÿոտڣͱ˳ݺݵһš
ӣ뵱ӾȥȥӾ㡣
ٴĻͰҴɵˣԺôȢϱ
ǺǣŶ;͵ȢϱˣҲ֪ëûУ
С壬С˵ע㣬ŮԱأ˿Ц
С̧̧°͡
ߣĽŲЦأ˵һˣЦЦʲô˲ģ
ǰͺһˣ·ȻЩȡ
ԽԵԼǸˡ
ĴԼŮʱ򣬿ûԴԵײһϣһĶԴǰɣ
վſڣһö˹
裬ϴֹԷ
·һ£ٿȻ̧ͷͷִҶתͷԼһ죬æһεЦݣתѳͷŵԱߣȥϴֳԷ
ֻǣϰŵķˣϵЦֵ˼֡
һͲԼķˣ˵ǲʳķˣϴδýţԼǮ˳ȥأ
ôõĶҪɶ
ǰȻһ˫ӣ·ʶؽ˹̧ͷͼĽԽÿСã۽
Ľʲôûһ㡣
裬һɻ̫˰ɣԣ֮ȥЪˣ
ҲЦ
ǰ쳢˿ǼĽԼġ
ҴΪȡ
˳һЦȳһ⣬
۾һһ߸ŮһĴָһ߸ϰһӡ
Ҳóԣóԣϴȥ濪ʱԵʳûóԡ
˳ǳĳϱԳ˼ѧ
ϴֺǺǵؼһӸ·ѹ
Ҳǲǲ˸ϽЪţ
·һů
ңļôԼ˶ĺá
Լ޹ôûУҲû˵㲻ǣɬЦЦ̵ĳһڲˡ
ȷܺóԣȴⲻζ
˵ô컨׹ʲôĽģĽģֻǸСﳤѡأԹ˷ǲǸҪˣ
ں޲ø϶ϱһס죬Ҳ۲Ĳ
Ȼ˷֮ôҶ
ʵڼĽʱ򣬴涼
׶ӲùٽأֺþûȥͳԵģ׽ҲӦá
ǲҪռʳҸȥɣһȥתתأ
СĻոտھͱһ¡
򴽰꣬һĽ࣬ƳһۿĴϱȻһЦ
ĽҪʳ
·Ȼ̧ͷ
ԲҪʳҪǮҪƱ
ɷ۵״֮ɫ
˵˵ȹ꣬ҪǮȥ濴Ͼô겻Уµﲻ˵Լһء				

31

ѴϱЦһָʹССԼĽĴ˳
һͷˮͼССĽ޴ޱȵİ˳
·üͷЩ֡
ĽҪûöҲռʲôöеĻҲ类ǸƷùø˳ˣ
ĽҴ
ָʹСѰ򿪣¶װŵĶ
Ľ֪ոȰѶóԭ򣬱Ͼ򿪵Ļ˵Ӿĺܴ
ЦЦ̫̫ɰ
֮ǰһֱһ˲ҪЩͷԵģʵݾУոյı飬̫̫ά֮ģʱһů
ҵ죡·ôôôࣿĽ࣬ĶŪô·ǮģƱأ
ĽЦһ
ôô˹ĵĶ·òÿϲǮƱǴģ
ʲôʣʵĲҪʣ㶫㻹ô߰ĸ˲·ô
Сһѣ޵ƳԼҴϱһۡ
ˣȴõúܣûע⵽ոմϱǶȻ۾
ҶЦǺǵسĬָʹĽֶ
⹫ģ·ͿӣȥԿרϥ˺һ޻Ҳܱһϥǲ
˾ˣģҲһ׵·Ϳӡ
˾ˣģ

һֱȥ֮ŰŮװȥ
ţġԺϲĻȥģ
ãʲôˣ㲻Ƿô·ͷĸľС
Ľεؿһ·е㲻˼ɿذѵڶ׸·
裬֪ϲʲôɫƤף˺ɫ
ǵʱʱ˵Ĵɫ黨·еǰеΡ
·εؽ˹ǰް۾
СҪˣպÿ͹ȥ
Ľ˿֪·˼ŵڶ׸
Ҹ׼ġΪĺܴ󡣻С·ר޲ˮ֮·ȶ꺢ӸӴһ
ľϲ뵽ҪǮΪĽۡ
ʲôǮյİ˵Сӳÿ죬Ҫ˼Ͳܴˣ
ĽЦеҡҡͷ
ô˾أԺСӶǣû˴ô
СѾļĻݴԼ·Էɿĵͷ
Ǿǣ
ֻǻſڣֱԼһۡ
·ϵı齩˽ոõ·ϲһ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ǷĽ˵ԼİɣĽ͵·ôԼ
˶࣬ĽȻ㵽ؿ·ı仯Цеذһ·Цпһе˾ˡ
˵˾ǶȻ֪ĸ˿ҵ衣·Ҳˡûʺϳߴ磬ԹһţĻȥĸġ
˾˳ϲһϲؽ˹л
СԱߴȤ
ƣƣոĽ·ʱû˵ôлл׻Ƕװ
֣СһЦһ̶ܡ
ҺȻ뵽³ȥһ˹
Ҷ֪ҪҫģҲû˵һֱûڵĳ˳ȴСȥл
С岻Եĳš
նȻһ
ĽŲ³үӵ˼Ҳûֻͣʣµһǣůˮ֮ĶڴǰЩ·
·ڵϣԽòڡ
ⶫ˽¸ģڸһطַʲô˼Լô
ˣ˳ĿԼϵ̴
˲侫һ𣬶֪صˣ
Ľ࣬ʵ⹫Ǯģ
Ľ࿴ԼȥǰԼΪʳ˵һ顣
ϲ̲סɴ۾
˼ǣ֮ǰ洫ķзΪʳúóԵķ˶ģ
Ľҡҡͷ
ǣ
ڴһʱֽſڡ
СүүңԺܶ෹˶ͽġ
ϲɲ߹ȥĽԴ
ҵĹԹԡûƭ˾˰ɣСС;ͽˣ
ĽЦЦû˵Ϊλŵĳ˳鲢̫ÿ
ЩĵؿԼ⹫
⹫ôˣ
˳üͷһӡ
֣·Ͷûȥ
Ľһ㶣ҲЩã
̫̫ϰ뷨
ǰĽ࣬ôණүүƽϣվҲġԺҪռңô㻹ôùã
ĽЦҡҡͷԼ뷨
⹫šΪүү͹ùãҲ͵ġôϵĽӼã˵ͶˣңǮôҲǻʡġ
˳һۣһ仰㹻ٶ				

32·

ĽǺһЦҲûн͵˼Ѷһơ
ţŰɣ⹫ӦõġЩϺͼλ˾ˣֻǾܸ̫٣ֲλΪҺٵġ
תͷһԼϰۿ΢졣
˳һ̣ޱ顣
ʲôʱȥҪȥһˣȥ
λ׼ǲ̫簮ŮЩ飬Ӳ˵ģȥ˵
ôҲŮܿࡣ
Ľﲻ֪˳˼
ôɺϣպԼؼң⹫Ҫȥ᣿ҿʱ仹Լؼʱ䶯
жָмҡҡͷ
ãҿԵġ
ǮѾûˣԺѩţҲֱ׳˵ûǮˣ
֪˶Ů磬Ľ谮ɵۼŵʱ·滹ͦζ
ԼԼڼ涼ߺȥʲôʱܹЩ
˵Ǽʸһ㣬Ľһ㡣
ҲȥˣԼӡ
·ôһҲɢˡ
Ľˢ룬ȴǱסˡ
ľ˾
˵ģԳʲô
Ľʶؿһ۵ľ˾ˣȴӵһȵ
ȵ̸֮ĽͼſڵԼ
ľ˾ˣôˣźô
Ǹ׼ӣСʱᰮ飬ֻǺ黷̫ã˳ص˳Ҵ壬ڴ顣
Ľ࣬ȥҸ˵˵ͬҺС۵Ļ°ɣҺСమģֻǣϴҲġô㣬ֻҪ˵һͬġ
ϴΣ⣿
Ľգգ۾һż޴ľ˾ˣЩЦ
ԣ龿˭ľ˾˳⣿˾ˣ˾ˣ
һܣͼӹսǴ߳ĳϲ
Ľ࣬Ҳ
ԼϵĶ󾭹˼˵ͬ⣬˵ȹף¾ͽ顣ԼҸŵܵʧЩ
Ľ಻ÿɷ
ҾŲӦӦĵԵαҳԵķ࣬ܶȻסҾľ˾濼һ˵Ļ
Ľ಻ӦæҲԼĵ
УԼλľ˾ȢÿɲһС۵ŮˣһԸˬˣһ˹ĺгҸҲɢһԵ
Ľ֮ͼһοЦ
迴
ĽЦЦ֪˵
ûмԼλףɸǷݲԼļǸְֲһöӣҲһɷͺøס
ԼŮģû˵ԼҳԵĵ
˵ҲԼںǰ˵ЩæЦЦת˻⡣
ҲСˣȹ˰ú࿴࿴Ҹ˵ģ֮Ҳί
Ľ༱æҡͷ֡
Ҳ˵ʮ壬˵꣬Ҫϴѧô飿
ڽձȽϵͣŮʮ꣬еĶʮ꣬ںܶ˶ǱźϵĴѧ
ѧĽ൹뵽˳ҵļֵܡ
ѣָܻ߿˵һ飬ֻ˵ԼʱʶǸٻ˾Լġ
û飬Ժصذѳ˳нš
ĽԼ뷨˵һ֮󣬳˳ֱһ֡

ʶ˶࣬ʶҲȽϹ㡣
ѡ峤ҲΪ˽ѧ˼д֣ԴƳѧϰѧϰ̫á
Ҳġ
Ľְ࣬Ǳ˵ôʱĿԻָ߿ְһѧУҲøܿˣ
Ľͣû˵
֪ĸǸż޸׵ģ֮ǰһ÷Ϊұ⣬ûߵһ
˳ɫεĽһۣʾһԼϰҪڡ
һ㶣Ժ˼׷ӵعһ飬ɼ̾Ϣһ
ðɣ֪ͨ˵ҲǺһ׮
ĽǺһ˯ģ˳ȥ˯
ţĽ˯ĸһҹ
ڶվͱС޴ˡ
Ľ࣬Ľ࣬ô
Ľഩ·ԺĳţͼСҵԼ·üɫس֣Ա߻վźͳҵһСļëͷСӡ
Ľ࣬Ǿ˾˵ļѣǿҵ·㣬·Ķİ
ĽȻȻС˾һȥɪһͨεҡҡͷ
ҿԸǣǹϣΪ֮ǰѾ˻
СһЦǵļ
ɲֵܲǣҪ˼ûˣ
ŭֱ׷С˾˵ĴһĽЦЦһ̾
ð
߲ŸոϴǱ߳С˽ЦĽļ
ŮɸС˾˳ˣ·Ǵһݶ㲻֪Ҹոһţǿҵ񣬱Ľˣ
ССԻҺɫëش¶˵̫ںأֻ¹
һпʽްһС죬˧				

33󱻾

ĽͳС˵Żͼ·վԱ߿Ľһֹ
Ŀֱ̫ӣĽҪԶѡ
裬ô
裬Ľ˵ϺûҲû̫䡣
·ͣɲ˵
СҲɵӣ˼ǹ˼Լ˵æʾԼҪȻĽȥɽ档
ȳС뿪֮·ŻڽԼҵ
ŮȽ϶࣬кһŮڼֵܲǮС˸ɻԼȴûʲôôžǺӾݵĿŮͯһ
ǰ̵ô࣬˵Լ뷨
СҪˣǼ·͸㲻֪żҸ·ĲƱǮˣ˵ҪС·ҲĿްް
ԣΪʲôҪ˵
ĽһͷˮҪ˵洫Сߺ
Ľ࣬ҵҹȥɱأ
ĽӦһתͷ·ʱЩΡ
裬˵·ľģôô޷ûȨܡҾǲ̫׵
·Ȼ仯ı飬ĽԼ¶ˡ
æŵĨͣ⹫æ
ȼһżĳСĲ²õ֤ʵ
Ľ࣬㲻ùܡ
ĽЦС
͵˵
СĽԴһ£ûؿڡ
Сûĵģһǵ㣿
̾ϢһЩΡ
ɩʵͦõģոռ޽Ǽҵʱﻹ⼸ȴеˣ
Ϊӣ
нûӻżģ飬ҲǴĴԸʹ˾˰Ѱ
Сҡҡͷ
һ棬һеˣǲǾȥʳôžԼҲ͡Ȼ󡭡
ҪС˵ĽѾµ˽֡
ֲøոҪԼ˵ⷬҲ˽¸ãǸ˵֮Ŷ
˱߱˵͵ɱĵطԶԶ˺ѷһĺС
Ľ಻ǰǽһμɱĳ
СΪẦ£࣬û뵽ȻȤشչȥŸոɱõ뵽ԼŮǸ۾һ
Ľ࣬ũɱ֮Ҫ˵֪ɣ
Ľܲ˽ⳣС˼òһΣˬͬ
СһȥԼֵ˵飬ĽС첲СȣЩšֱֵתͷѯʳ˳
˳һЦ
ӻСҪ䣬׽
ֱӱʾĽҪ
Ľ⹫һָŴɱһ߸ķˣ̲סЦ
ССƺ
ԽСԽС
ǽϸոջ·ɪС˾һģһ
ɲǣǼǷ˵ζֱ̫ˣζҶһ뷹أ
СģԷʱһҪúý̽Щǡ
ǽ컹ֿڸˣ

˵Կ䣬Ȼ̫СС͵ĽдҶ֪ĺգֵø˳һӣǲ˵㣬ҪԱߵӺϱǶæ
Ľ˳Ҳûз
Ͼֵ¼²ô
Ǽģɱ֮һҪȥĹȥǮҷֺ죬ʣһСֺˮģҰͷ͹ַ䡣
һ㶼Ƚϲѡһͷ䣬Ķȥ档
ѡ֮ĽЩ⽻˴ԼˮٽĺӱߴЩ
ָССȥæ
СҼҵģǺˮ̫˾˸ɻָӾС
СسĽ༷۾
ǰҵǸСͽܾС
ĽЦеҡҡͷ
ûϵҲġ
ҽⰡҵСͽⷽʣɱС˾Ҫõö࣡
ⷬһЦԱߵСֱ
׷Ҵò֣ĽĽؿǱܵģɸпǺӶ˱ȽϺá
֣
ССⷬһۣΪĽˣɳ԰ο
ĽЦֻǻؼۣƺʹ׹ЩˮɻĿкúõϴ˼飬Ŷȥ
ЩŽɡ
ϾˮһܹŪ˵ġ
ɱʱɱо飬Ҳװѿ൨ŪƣȻˮӵ
Ϊϴٱ飬ɻǿġ
ĽûҵĻֺߣʼ׼ԼҪĶ
ЩóгСηźã֮Ū˵кãднѱã֮ûİ׾ƺͽ͡
ũԭͲ̫ƽϣ۴˵ۣöʹ˻͡
Ȱ죬֮Ͼƺʹнƺã߿ʼѸոŪõĴϷŽ淭Ѹոõ󳦷Žεζװ̡				

34һŮټ

һŮټ
һ̲˳꣬һϵĹζ
㰡
ĺ㰡ͳĴһ
϶˵ĸȥԹһĺ㰡ֻǲ֪ζô

˵ţЦš
ζţҸɻƺ˲٣ԭҪɱþõʱ侹Ȼһ롣
˳ЦԾŮԼӡ
ĽҲȷ
˲ٷˣһҽ˽ôˮûпζôһĲóԵĶЩڱĴӣѩڵͿ̫ܲʵãϾƽʱͶ򣬵ڳҴ壬Ҽһ̫żпʱ򣬻ǿԴġ
Ľ࣬Щ㶼Ǵѧİ費Ҳûô
иֵʵ
Աײײĸ첲ЦеΪĽΧ
Ͳ֪˰ɣռɩҲģǰɳɩ
ͷʵһԼҲ棬׼ĸգҲû˵
׼ĸȻǴСԵö࣬ö࣬Ȼ˱Ǻóԡ
ĽҸԼҺɣҲû໰ˡ
ʵǸڴ淭ĸ첲ЩԲ
ڣǱͣ˹߷Ҳˡ
Ľݺݵһתͷͼһ۵صݹһˮ
⹫´˵Ҫӣܿࣿ
Ľжŵ֣ӹˮһڡ
ûû£Ҳġ
ȻҪյһԡ
ĽʱԱ߼Ӻʹ￪ʼͷڵͷɫζȫķˣˡ
һԵͣƺ˵ˣ
ֻżеСߴߴţƺΧһжŲֵ¡
ԹﻹĽġǺݺݵذĽһͨȻĽͷ˿ʼ͵͵ظͣû࿴顣
˴ҵ뷨ĽЦá
ȽϸЦеذ˶ˣĽݺݵһ
ĽӣЦˡ
Ů󵱼ޣһҹټﵱҲŸ׵˶ǣֻϧ
Ľ˼
ò׽ĹŮȴһ˼ؼ޸һʲôûˣԿۣĸĸ⣿
˵һǧһ򣬼ܲסŮϲ
ţҸģġ
޸һԼϲ˾ҸӦúҸ
ȻҲԼ֮󣬷ɷҪԶȥũԼһеСŮ뿪
ĽԴ̾Ϣһ
һֱԹô˵ˡԼҲԼĿԡ
Ľ˵Լʲôζ
ϾԭȻ˼䣬ûûûСʱû취˵ԼԹǲԹԸԭǲԹģΪԹ޵òҸ
ʱҲԭ˽ӣҲһξйء
Сﲻүү̽ùãŮӻӦѩ
˲Żһ˽ԭǰ³Ҫѩҵöࡣ
ɱ˳ˣĽֱСͳСȥɽϡ
Ҹ˵ϴǲõץסһֻǣӴǸ
һ·Ľ඼Щţ仰Ц
뵽ϴڸɽϾĿµһĻԼеֽҸ˾һһ
ԼҩϹϴҩҪϼ
СΪȣŮż²ֱ̥һ㡣
ô᣿ǿ᲻᣿
ĽЩεرʾѧˣѧղûϰ
˵䣬ǰһɧǴΪ졣
ԭһֻҰܾ֮ײԱߵϣֱһţ˹ȥ
СȤĽࡣ
ƣӷҩ֮Լ벻ɱˣŵã
ĽЦֻӣüͷһ
˵رóԡֻǲ֪С˾ûǸ֡
СһϾͶʾԼһٴȤĽһ
ֻ֮⣬ɽϵһ
˳˶˶顣
Ǹո˵ЦصңĽͼǰһϤӰǻš
ݺ
С˳Ľ߿ȥͼһк˹æĽǰ
ĽЩżǰһ
С˾ˣʶҵġ
СͳСһۣ׷׿ļԷеɻ
ǼŮնôе˵Ķʶˣ
˵ڴ
뵽ԣ˸øˡ
ĽôģֻѯݺԼʲô顣				

35¹Ȱ

ݺżæŵؿڡ
㲻ڳʶôܾܲȾǹϴ󣿡
ͣ
ĽһæѯʶԷʲô顣
ݺżÿˡ
Ҳ֪˵ǽϾͻȻңˣ˵
ʲô
Ľ൹һ
ô
٣
ԼŸոյ;ͳ飬˵ûʲôè壬š
ҧҧ
ţȥﳵӣ
СͳСݺһۣæĽࡣ
Ľ࣬˭Ĺϴ˭㲻ϵĻһɣ
СԼӦûһĽ֮ǰ·ǮǴġ
Ľһ£Ŀ˾ˡ
˾ˣȻʱһ㲻ŵ飬氮֣ǲǻ졣֮ǰұһȺСΧϵʱǰҴܣ˵첲ȱȡ
СſٿȻϡ
СӺߵش
ʲôȻСΧ㣿˭òͷô
СһѰѵܵƿ
һǸ˳£Ѱ𣿡
ĽЩĻңǽ̫࣬ȥ֮˵һҪ뿪ȴס
˾ȥסǼң⹫ȥ⣬һ
СȸԾСüͷ
Ľ಻֪ȥ֮󻹻ᷢʲô飬ҲóСǸõİ취
٣Դ֮Կ
ݺʱŹ͵ĳӣĸ˸պӻȥȵسǶѾ賿ˡ
ֶĽؼ򵥵ظһԣ˯ŵմ󺣡
壬Ľ
Сȴк
СҲЦЦ֮ЩԸռҺͳҵĽ棬ռ˶ЩΪᣬСôԲ
մ󺣵ͷҲ⣬֪Լûչ˺Ľ࣬
ʳ˵źݺһ
岻У
Ľڲ͵飬ȳ˷æϴ˯Ҳݺͳš
һҾȥ飬ģֻҪԼµ飬ûʲôܹ
ݺһмˡ
ֻĽڴշתߡ
һϴɾġ
ٵŮĳ飬Ҳؽ֣Ͼ˭ܲ۷׷׺ָָ㣿
ǣǸŮвòôɣ
ţԺ˯˹ȥֱجξѡ
УΪ鱻ǹУ
Ĩһͷϵ亹ƿ´©ƫҹ꣬µĲɵеֱָոĳС˸š
ѪˣôôСģҿǲҪȥҽԺһ£ȻҸҽһ£
ĽΡ
Լҽȥ˭£ȥ
򵥰Լָͷһ£ĽҲû£򵥵˵֮󣬾˾˵ͬµ˾֡
Ľǰɣôˣ
ϴĽﱻԴв飬Ÿչ죬Ȼӡ
ĽεЦЦ
㣬ϴθһ˵챻ץˡҹ
壿
Ů뵽챻ץˣüͷһ壬鲻á
Ľ࣬һ㣬Ȱ㲻Ҫֻһǰǹ˵Ժ󡭡
˵һ룬ҲʶԼ˵˻æޡĽڰ֡
ûûû¡
˼һһСҼҵģ˵
ĽСƢã˭ЦеģϴɳһˣҺϲ
λŮʵҲǺ⣬Ľȴ޷ݺ⡣
С㣬ǲŪ˰岻ˣϴΰҺүүɽϾ㱻ϻҧĺ˲顣
Ľ˵棬һСǼᶨִ֣ԱҪ˵Ů񾯲֪˵ʲôãֻǿЦһ
࣬ѪյģҲ˵ˡ
˵һ룬ĻͱĽǿƴϡ
С㣬ʲô֤֤ȷô
Ů񾯱һ٣üͷ΢΢һͱ˵СЩ̫ϲ
ȻûУ˼ҵ˹ٽҷģм٣֤ݣڵȡ֤ţ˴µһܵͷġ
ͲһɣûûܣոһȺСӴֵСѣҲ
ĽԷһҧǹ͸ɵģҲ̽ӵĻᣬЩתš
µһӡ󣬹СӡѾĿиٹ̣ٶĴ¶пϰ
Ľ࣬ȻҶùͱˣ˵ġһСҼҵģ鳶Ϲϵá
СûûεؿŽϵĶСȴñȽ϶ࡣ				

36¸

ĽŲһ٣תͷؿųС塣
˾ˣҷҪǣϣǺпҶ𡣡
Լ͹֮ĶԹ˵һ顣
ҲһΣȴΡǿʲôǶˣʲôˣֲϰ˾ǶˣôϴΪΪʳö취үү쳯ˣ
Ľҡҡͷ
飬ûôԵġ
˵;һˣܳ಻ãܲҵֱ֪ͼҪϺܶܶҪõöࡣ
СһȻûмͣҲԹͶһݽύ˼
˵öԣ֮󣬾˾˺úøһ
ĽЦЦü֮仹ǶһĨǳ
ǸŮ˾˭Ȼðķհѹ͸浽ɳ
һͷ˼˼ңߵڵʱСŮʤи˼š
Ľһͷˮ˾Ȼؼҡ
ôˣ
㣬ݶô
ĽҡҡͷԺкȻеʲôԺһӶɵʱȴȫȻ벻ʲô
ʤżսĽĶߣĿڡ
ȥһ棬Ȼ˵Ҫ޸һ򣬿ɺ⡣Ȼ˳Ȼݶ˵ݶ˵
ʤСȻŤŤش
ĽԺеĸҺȻˣԺһ
ݶ
ǸŮݶǰѹ͸˵ˣݶĸףǶǸŮˡ
Լ绨Ů޸һ򣬿֪ʲôݶҪȻ֮е飬ΪʲôҪͣ
Ǿãݶĸ׵˼ȷʵȻȥթͣɵذȥ֡
ǣܹ棬ǣ鲢ʵ˿԰ʵ
㣬㾿û˵
أ˵
ʤպ˺죬ǾͣսĽĶСſڡ
˵Ѿǹ͵ˣ
ĽüͷʤвҪ˵ЩȻšüͷ˼ţȴּЩ΢
ôˣ
ôˣôĵӣǲǾԼ׬˼ǮͿʲôʲôˣ֪֪һǣϣɶ˺
ȻһԼ
Ľתͷͼ⹫˳ڳһ
⹫
ĽЩżҪ粵ȴ˳ס
סڣСѾ͹֮˵һ飬ûأҲæǲæ
Ҷ𡣡
ҲСССǾסߣȥĶǸزǣϡ
Ļո˵꣬˳˿
ڹǱߣһȥʿĴֻǵĻȥ߶߶ϵ
Ľ˽ָ
⹫Ҳֻһ峤ѣٸԣСسǻ޷ʩչȭš
ңԼ飬ܹõģҪ۱ˡ
˵ףǰԼ̫ڶûˣҲû
Ҫܾɿ⹫ѿɫҲûǿ󡣲ȴţ⹫֮Լٳ֡
Ľûз˳һ
ǲĽ飬׼ҹ˼һһСҼҵģֶκôܶùԴЩˣ
˳ĽȥԼ̾Ϣ׼ҹһ
ϸ磬ǼҸлĽ೤ϸչˣǲʤм
Խô˵մ󺣾Խ޵ݡ
Ľȥ֮ǰǶųҽӼãչ˵ĽࣿĽ๤֮󣬳ɳ̫죬չ˲
ں˵ֻһۣƵǸмĽգռҵˣ˳ô˵һĶ⣬ݺݵسϣ۵ġ
մ󺣷˳ס֡
Ľ⺢òԵĵطʹʹ֮ǰ˵ˣǸŮ͵㶫ѣôСϾǲҲǵĹŮŮͶô飬Ҳ˸ĸģȻ⡣
ոձڱ˿һΡ
ǳ˳մ󺣵֣Щûסһͨͨģûţ
˳Ľֻ࣬˸˵ģ˵Ĳζ˵ʲôŮͶû⣬ǰǶԼģ˵ͶһҪǳ⼸ĶݣһǵŮͼ޵ʵ
մһ̾Ϣ
峤ģﻰⶼ֮				

37³ͷ

СͳСԱԼҸ׺׼ҹ̸ζ
С۾ؿԼϵǾĤݡ
ֱһһӣһһ棬˷ʤ
ԼҪ˼ί֮εȴء
ǿ
մͿϺϼ֮εذڰ֡
ԲòãúΪˣҪûá
˵ͷѾҪ͵˳
β֪׼ҹ˼޷ǾΪĽ౧ƽˣͬʱһССԹԼòãҲǺȥ׼ҹ״ɣ
ֶ̣׼ҹѾ˰أѵⱲӹ̧ͷ
˳ǺǺһЦûп׼ҹľ̬һ㣬Цеҡҡͷ
˵ʲôôûˣ׻˵һһҾ;ǼҺ˵һҪˡ밡Լ׵趼𾴣ܸɶ
һѵӣݺݵ˶Է档
մպȻ죬ŭ
ĽǺӾ˼˵ʲô
ʵҲմ󺣶ˣԼҹŮô飬һʲô˽ģ
˳ׯҺӵģֵģ׳ʵһϹźЦǲ֪Լո˵ĻԱ˶ĳ
ȥĽʲôóԵġʹŰ
մ󺣵ı飬СקקԱߵĵܵܣԼʹһɫæ뿪
Сǰ˵ЩմҲĨӡ
Сû뵽ƣԱԼСʱһͷˮġ
ҳﰡ
˵ûմıôȥ˵ԲõĶС
Сգգ۾
ôôҲû˵ɶ
ܿ͹˲ˣΪĽڳ˵ζѾ˹ԼĶӣȲĽ˳
Ľ࣬ʲôóԵأ
Сεط˸ۣԼɵܵܣʾѾҩɾˡ
Ľ˶ˣЩȺɻ漴ǸжȻ
⹫үүʲôˣ
СЩĽ񣬲ҡҡͷ
֪˵ǹʲô
ڲո顣
Ͼմô˵ҲĽĳ֪ҲֻĽⶼ
Ľǵ뷨Ҳֵüװ֪
ܿʹˣЩ飬ûҲĴϾʱҪйĽ׾ͳմ󺣵ĳͲ
ⷹǲû죿ôôѳԣ
Ľ໳ɵؿԼүүôľ
䣬֪ԼүүڲãһרŸģģ˾Ȼͬ
Сͷ棬Ժڣҡͷ
ûа壬ҾͦóԵģͦġ
մ󺣱˱䣬üĽǱơ
ҲˣͲãͷѵǳ԰ɣҳȥתת
Ľ˾һˣﲻүү治
װ֪ذڰ֡
үүȥɣպýе٣һ͸С˾˳԰ɣ
˵꣬ǺȻ뵽ʲô
С˾ˣүүԹڣӦòİɣ
СһĴģֺǺǵùһֱӵԼ棬滹дʡ
ʲôԼˣҪ⡣˵ôóԵ棬ʣµĻҪô
˼մ󺣶Ȼͣס˽Ųϵıֱ䡣
Ȼȥô죿
еһҲ̫ѳԡ
Ľ⺢ӣֽŶôôأ
Ľ涼ҪЦˣϻһģ
үүˣҪȥҸƱǮȥɣǮõòˣưǳԲˣ滹ǿġ
մ֮ǰ֪ĽǮõĲˣȴû뵽Ҳˣ뵱Ҳǳģͷֻڳ˳Сע£ЩڵؽӹĽеĶš
ȵմ뿪֮ĽûһЦЦ
ҿ԰Ҹոõ⹫ǹһأ̫¶Ҹ첲ûô
˳˿ĽԼָϸûе۵׷ɿػһĨۡ
С˼أһпҲһĽϣ̫ƽȻˣܰϵæҲ΢΢ͽڼҵĻǾͺðˣ
ֻгСζسŷǶĽ
óԣҪشɻǹ֣ҶҪסˣ
С忴Լϵ˱飬ҪԼɵܵܣȴϵеĿѾС˹
ĽŮ㱣ķ㻹סź㣬զأ				

38һװ

洧£һٷԵ
˷˳Ҫȥʹ͵ţĽεָָԺӡ
⹫˵ǿңû˵ҳȥɣ
ںңʤи˵ʱܿ˾ˣȻݶҵš
ݶڼôҺþûˣͦġ
ûƲһ۶ݣֵػش
ڣڼﻹȥȥݶһ;ˣǼ޹ҲüޣҲüޡ
Ľεؽ˶ݣݶһסӡ
סȴԵúܶ࣬򵥵ĹӺŰɵĴֻһССĴԺһùζþûɹˡ
ȥʱݶű˯ˡ
ݶ㣬˯˻أոմ˵ҪˣôȻҪأ֮ǰ㲻ǻҸ͵ݹŵôֻǹڳˣҵѹԹ㡣
űӲڣĽ̾Ϣһ
Ҳùͻ飬أǸȻҲһ棬ǻȹҺүүҲ֪ġҾݶ㿴ϵˣô
ϻһϼģֱԼһ
ϴο֮󻹸˵ʲôϲϲģһΪѾˡ컯Ūˣ¹ϲ㣬ҲŰɣϾͼʲôûУ˯ɣҲԼϹˣ
̵̧ߣֱţݶʵ
Ľ࣡ߣߣ
ĽոתͷͼһӰӴϳԼ˹ʶض˹ȥݶֱˤڵء
æ˷
Ǹ˼Ҳǹġݶɶ࿴Ķ⣬ԾܾһӵҸҪô
Ľһ׻
ǰʱֵСһѣһ۶ףĶǲҪľǰȫ֣Ū࣬׻Ȼڻ¡
ȱͳˣϲ͵ݶģԹһ仰Լݶͳһսϣ˵ݶϵ˲ݶģȻϲҪ˼ˮһǸҲһˮը
֪ͲܿݶڶݶͳǷ֮ûмͣŸô˵˵Ͷݶ˼ݶŹ͡
Ķˣ
Ľ࣬ңҪҼ޸һ򣡡
ݳҭҭ˵˴𰸡
Ľݶļ
ݶ㣬ޱޣ֪˼Ҫ޸ͣǹɳţҪȢҲ
ֻĻһ䣬ݶĿͣͣ
ĽüͷһŶ
ôˣǲ˵ʲô˵˻ݶȥҲԼ뷨
仰ǵ˻ҩһ㣬ݶֱӱ𣬴ŭ
ޣʲô뷨ҪǮӶѡһƻŮ޸һΣ
Ŷ
ﻹʲô֪ô
Ľ๴ǣѭѭյݶ˵ʵ顣
ݶĻո˵һ֮ɫȻһ䣬Ľôյǰֶ˵ˡ
ĽЩεĻ˼ңȴԼС˾һ
С˾ˣ㲻˵ҪôպҲûͶŸڵݶ
Ϊ⹫˵飬ûֱ˵ݶ͹йأֻ˵ݶ۸˵αʲô
ǽС壬һỳʲô
ƫƫǸһĳСֺǺǵصͷÿڿҿҵŸڣĽһЦ
ǣһװˡ
Сų˳ţͷһǺϢϢ
¶û˹ܣҲû˸ҹܡ
ϴⷽ飬˵֮Ҫǹеġ
Ľ֪һԴģһǶǵıԼҾ˾쿴Ҳ
ѪգĽҵ˻ᡣ
ҡڵĴ˾ȥţΪ񷹵飬ȥ·ϼԴһȺѡ
Ӵ˵˭أԭռҵСǶ˵Ϊﱻץ˰ôһǲҲʲô岻Ĺϵ֪ǷǲŪ
Ľüͷһ壬ɫһ۵׺ơ
Դͳʲô飬Ҹû꣡
ĽвԴֻɫѣ֮Ҫ쳯ˣʱ˭ϣ棬ܺߣԴĽһŶܲʮ˸ġ
ӴӴӴŶȻˣԿҰãһġ
һȺ˸ŹԴһ䣬ͼһֱӳһȭ
Сɫһ䡣
С				

39

˵ʱʱ죬СѾвסСˣѾͬһһͷԴȦ档
һԼ֪
ڿС˺ݺݵشȭ֮󣬳С廹ҧҧǳ˽ȥ
Ľüͷĳطһ֣ͼһֱһݺǲ֪˹Ҳս֡
ֱת֮£ԴǱһͨ˺ݻ֮ŷŭ뿪
СǵѪͬĿԼܵܡ
ܸʲô⣬ǸԴһٹµġ
СЦһ
磬ҲһǸļƵˡֻ֪ŮҪԺôȴС
˵꣬ԱߵݺǣٺһЦĶԷļ
аֵܣְݵģû뵽ܾȻһӲӣ
ݺҲı׵ģȴЦЦ
ǰҵС£Դ۸Ҳ˵ÿǶҪǮҶµҪϴ֪֮󣬲ҰǣڵĹҲϴҵġҲ
ǰԸǸˣϴοûǮһµĹʣԼѶûɽԻˤȡ

һһƴճ˹͵ȫ
СԭԼҵվͬһսߣܰͰܰˣϾ첲Ťȣǻһ㿼ǣĽ͹ͻһ𲢲á
ЩҲӡ
ԼҲ
һѪԵĳСѾʼԷֵǱʾһæѹҴӼȳ
Сεͷְѹȥ
ҪȹͣǾʵһ㡣ûв´½ǲڣҲҪȥԴĶ԰ɣ
ݺＸһۣҧгݵصͷ
ûԼڳǸΪΪܾȲȵóϴȴһٳ
Сݺǵߡ
ܽʲô飿ͱš˼ܣܿĿǹ͡ϻȥø͵飬
˵꣬Ľࡣ
ڣˣ
Ľεӡ
˾ˣҲǱεġǴӦҳŵĻҲ²߰
ȵȣ˵ʲô
Сεգգ۾
Ľ¥ȻزڣСƳһԼŮŰ˵˳
㲻Щ˳ֵ̫ڼʱô㲻ǺȻ·ԴҲɵĺ΢ô
С֪طӦûһЦ
Ů㵽ǲѧ㣿
С巭˸ۣܵܣѾκϣˣ
һɢ˳Ľ໹ǵҡ
ţĽʾҪΪʳã֮󣬶ҲԽӰࡣ
ȻûʲôԱ߿ţ¡
Ľͷ
ÿ˶Լ˽ģܹ⡣ȻԼ뷨е룬Ҳ׼
õģүү壬Ź֮ϰˣ
ţһֱҪĽ྿ҪôֵԼʵ̫̫࣬ãԱ첻ԡ
ҳĽʾԼҪһΡ
С֮һγ涼ûȥȻһ߸ߣСȴĽ档
Ľ֪࣬ȻС뷨Ҫôи
Ľͷ
֪
ԴĿɽ޷Ǿ쳯ûɽҪô죿
ɽ뿪İ취ǣȻЩðնѡ
֮ǰֻŸүүŲŲүү붯λӣֳ˹͵飬ȻҪַʽ
ңǼˡ֪ζʲôôζ㴳˻ʰо֣ζŲʲô᲻벻ǵһΣҲһΣ֪ô
ĽϿҵĵͷʾԺҲˡ
Сĵͷ͵ܵһĽǡ
ոһˣͼĽԼڡ
ӴĽ࣬һαһθ߰ϴһڣһ
壬Ļҵ˾ˡ
ĽЦЦԼóһֽ
ҺʦһоҩȻܸܵܵĲǶԼʽ͡ĵĻȥҽƣá
ȻĶȻûвʵģǰСЩ쳣Ρ
˷ӣл˸ĽǶ˲ˮ֮ţ顣
λҪл壬߶Ļүү˵ؼҲô졣
˺ѹŽ⡣
壬׻˵²鷳				

40¾

ϴΣĽԴΪߣṩ˿ɳ֮˺ܴһȨȻɲܺ࿹⣬Ѿᡣ
ԵĽոţóҩ֮ڶλᣬˣ
һЦ
ʲôҪæģֱ˵Сһ쵽
һ澿жˮ֣Ľ಻Ҫȥ׷ЦЦ
֮˾˸ҹ޷˵顣
򵥰˵һ飬˵١ֵʱüҲڿĽһʱǺЦǻɡ
Ľ࣬ôȷǸô
Ľ๴ǣͷ
ȷһԼ϶˻пܣΪһȫҶμ˸Ұսϵĸͥᡣ
ٴһ䣬ոջЩģм֣غ
˵ģ
ͼ˾Ȼʿ
ĽٴһɣֶĶˣ
֪Ǵӵ۶Ǳ߹ģҵ۶ǱߵʮоŸǺǶԣЩ˺ʿŲͬĺ塣
Ľѹ͵ıһ£صĵ˹˶ʲô˵֮Ƶ̾Ϣһ
Ǳ۵ģҲĻû˹ˣҲܲܡ
صͷ
ģǱԩģȻôɵطŹԴ
仰Ľķһġ
˳̸˽Ĳ֡
СԱߣĽͺ̸֮ԽԽȡ
ԼŮ˵ô͵СӣҲһһ׵ģҲʮͣȻ˳мҪλδЩ̫
ף
Ȼ뵽⼸츴ϰʱԼĸֵ濴һʡ
ԱߵĳСƨǳ˶һŲŲұŲŲһ޷ʵ
Ľͺ˵Լ뷨ţҪӽӰĴ㣬ʾ֮ǰǵĴϡ
ΪʲôǸүүĶҪҲ԰ŵġ
ĽЦЦ
үү˵λӸ˶ӣͽ԰æšĻʲô顣
Щ飬ֻҪ΢һ㣬˵Էס
ͷˣ
Ľ۾һתԼԱߵ˾ˡ
ȻȱֵĻҵľ˾˿Թæ
СŤ
æʲôæ
Ա߳СĽ˼ø첲ײһԼҵܵܣЦҡҡͷ
ǸմӴæĻƻ˺ͬ־飬Ľ㲻Ҫ˵
Եһ³С壬˵ҪҲû˵Ҫֻǰˡ
Ľµûһɴһɣô£µҲ޷ķģԼİķġ
ҺĽʶôãţֻҪĽ಻֣˾Ͳ̫û˵ǣʵϣЩ˳ԽԽãĽͻǷԼԽԽ࣬ʱ򡭡
ЦЦĽ¥
òһΣҪҪ㶫ȥ
ĽѾԼûǮȻٴֻ˾ûʲôҪġ
ǮУ֮ǰĽ඼ȥˣʱҲûʲôҪġ
ĽϴǮϱʾҪȥֿơ
Цеذ˴ȥ˲ֿ⣬ͼĽѡһѻڲֿĶ
Ľ࣬ǲҪЩ
СüͷĽŵĶһã
СȴĽԼ뷨ȻͼĽЦЦ
ⶼճƷòһõȥӦõġҪˣ˰
һ˴Сţȵʱ򣬳Сڷ˲Ծ
ô
ûпڣͱԼСݺݵͱһӡ
лл壬ټ
ĽװûпһУЦеظ˻֣˾ض顣
ȳŻؼҵʱ򣬳СŸԼɵܵܽ
ⶫҪƱֻҪǮǰⶫȥĻԵͼˣ׬һƱݣһǮ
ǣⲻǵôУУ
Сϰͷҡɲ˹ġ
ǵøڴˣϱץòң
ûеֻǿű˾ھӴȱǻһ°Ƿ˴ң
ĽְѺһ˳óСͷ
С̧ͷ죬ܵܣûûˣ
Ȼ֮ĽסԼ˾ˡ
˾ˣҸ˵ĻҲˣô룿				

41·粨

֮ǰ߳С壬ĺȻܾ
񣬼ʶĽͺ֮Ľ̸СЩġ
᲻鷳
Ľҡҡͷ
ҺͺǻݹϵҰ⵹ңҽԴ֮ǰҪүүλʳû߸ʳƷУүүϲ
ԣȥĻĽԿˣ
Ҳ˵ǳԿֻ˾ȱᣬÿṩᡣҺˡ
Ľһ£Цء
ͦġ
ǹʿַĵĳ羴;ݣӹɡ
С룬ͷ
Ȼ˵ԣҾȥԡ黹Ҫؼȥ
Ľͷ
˾˾ɣǱȱ֡У֮ǰ⹫˵Ļ˾˼ǵá꣬Ҫʼˣ
һѶĳСͳС˼ңԼҵ˸Ѫͷ
ǴԼֶŮˣתϲʲô
Сü
ôˣˣ
˳ָųСŭһֿͨԼСӡ
֮ǰΪһģǷҷġأĽǺһѶСһְλ㡣㶫ֵƨƨ߶Ҹϣ
Сһϲõʱۿۡ
һ룬ɲô
Ϊ˿ĽģĽ಻ʹǻ˵ûʲôС

ҺСȥ
СһίرԼСקû߼ͱԼϵ˻
ȥЩһ¡С壬ȻĽ˵˻ȥʰʰõǮƱݽǣܲܰʲôæСڼҴĸ㲹Ρˣɢ˰ɣ
СһɥԼСһۡ
ﰡôɾôƯôóԵĺģ
СתͷԼСܵط˸ۡ
ģԺóԵĺĲٵġ
Ц˵ȴ·ĵظԡ

㶫ͼԼҴϱţָһ١
ôˣ
ûûɶҾҪ˵һ£ЩӿҪһˡ
ͷ漴뵽ʲô
ǸǲҪˣ滹һ㼦ùȥɣ
·ı˱䣬Щѿ
ҲǹҪġ
ϱԽԽԾˣͣеĻƣתͷ
ã˵
ϴĽǼްܲСôųޣҲ֪Ů˳û·ÿ
˻һҲŭˡ
žһ°еĶһӣЦ
û·Ƿģָɣ˵㵱ŵʱ򲻸·ˣ˭֪ǸʲôУ׼ĲƱǮˣѲǵĴ
˭Ȣϱ׼·ˣǼҵðתһ춼˲٣֮߰˰˵һ˵ֶһٿ飬⣬Ǹ׼ĸҪϱ·Ǯ˵ʲô
˲ܲɣűֻΪϱһ㣬û뵽ֳôһ
Ҳ˼
ʲô˼Ů׬ǮТĶȥңô˼
ǰԼҵĶһֻ۱һֻۣеˣ
ĽĶȥңĽǺô룿׼ҹ֪ô룿
䣬ϱЩ˲ʲôģ˵öͻȥò˵ǵһɧ
·ĺ۾ܳš
ͲˣոСС·಼ܶϣţﲻӦ·Ļ˶Լһ㲼ϣС÷ҲС
˵ʵ̫ˣ
ϴžͷԼϱſڴشޣЩżعȥѯô¡
·һƱֱӡ
ô¶㻹ô¶ûһ˰ҵ˵ġҲҪС͵㶫ôˣ⼸켷ôǸŮСҳĹʲô㻹ǳҵĳӣԺҪյˣô˵Ҳֵ㣡ƾʲô
ƽЩε·ļ
ҲҪڼҸɻô˵ЩҲʺϡ
·ĨĨᡣ
ôͲʺˣСŶ۴ͣӾҲʺϰ
ƽźϺϣ̾Ϣһ
Ѿ˵СȥĽҲǸСܵġɣ
·ҧҧĨŭ⡣
ôôûϢôôûϢˣԼŮԼסᶼȡ
ƽȻһũ庺ӣϱϵһֱҲ޷ԼŮ˶Լһգʱüһغ
ûϢð˭гϢ˭ȥ
˵꣬һ̧ţͼССεվ濴СϻЩġ
磬ɩû°ɣȻȥĽ˵˵				

42Ʊ

Ʊ
ƽΪҲҪģڰ֣ĿؿһԼӣ
ľġĽĻᣬʵʵץסĺþۼҵĺá
˵ʵЩף֮ǰôõϱΪʲôյͶѵãܾܵͲǵܵˣ
·仰̲ס˽ȭͷ
ʲôۼң
ûаԼ˰ɣԲŻᴦԼΪԼ
жʳ÷ͣŮ˶ôԼҸò꣬ΪʲôܸԼһӼһңϾռô궫Լû˵ô
ԽԽԽԽģϵ֮ǰ·ѰһգֱӻҡǼ·ȻŽԼİ˼ҡ
˾Լģ˭˭
Ľಢ֪Լȥһ⹫ɧңԼҲһͷ
ۿҪˣүүҪȥԼҵж
ʵӦõģŲ飬Ųڼ滹ŵĹͣǰһϡ
ݶܣĽ˵û
֪Ǿʲôţֻǵһ֣Ժеأ
ԼΪԼŮϰ͸һͷ˳Ů¸ߵ
ƫƫؽҪϰʱСǰţ˵ҪСعںáС񴺷⣬һ涼쳯ˣ
Է߳ŭڴ֮ͥŭСЬС־ŭߣȴǳ˳һɢ
쳯ǰٻ¥ĸףŮżҪ޸ԶСĽʺ޵һץһѣжд̵˶ǣǣܿ챻쳯ĶС
ʱ˴ౣأ˭ܽԼҶͱ˴һǱģ쳯ͷˣ
Ȱ˼ĸĸףȻȥСѯ
Сտʼֻǿ˵ԩԼҪ쳯Լ쳯տʼСṥʱ׷ɵȴҿ˱仯;ԼͷһƬ̹⣬̵ԼЩš
С쳯Լʱŵû겻塣쳯Щӣĺģ͹ݳ޵ıĽʵû쳯ӣ
ԽԽµ˲ϰ࣬æȥ쳯ͣû뵽˳žͼǰſڵԼֱ֮ӳ˹Ҫ
СŵûʧɫҪƿû뵽
˿ܻӭǰζ˵ЩĻ
Ա˹æ˸С˴Ϣ֮
С߾δǱתͷͿгվڲԶɫްĿԼ쳯
ɫһ䣬Ҫǰͣȴû뵽һûվȣˤһӲ˵ֱӿĵѪˮ˳°ʣû֮ǰ绨ƺģһŮһ㣬ŵ쳯ˡ
С˲Լòɿȥ쳯ͣѪˮײͣ©绹ˮĻ쳯
ԼĶ쳯Ҳû˵ܣֻԼҴͳһǮֱС棬ҴҽȥҽԺһ֮󣬽ԼҪɿų뿪
쳯ԭͲôãؼ֮Ҫĸ׷С飬һ
ʣʲôʵģʲôô
֪һֱȥ
쳯Լί˲Ϊʲôҿ߾ڿһЦ
ĸԭͲСꡣ
棬ԼҶǧãôȥϲһûĻûѧֻǳúÿСѾͷƬӣԼҶϲԼҲͬ⣬űˣ
鷢չһ̲ˣֱվʾС겻ܽš
쳯û˵츸˽ԼҶӣôϱ˵ԼҶӣԼҲ޹⣬Ķӵļ
ҿ˰ɣ⼸ڰ࿴࿴Ǽҵż
쳯û˵ԺǸոСЩֲȻʣԼΪʲôŮˣŮʲôֵԼģ
֮󣬷֣ûУ
ǺȻаһô
Сĳ̬ĸ
鱬ƣԣЩֻʵҪ롣
ĸΪӲԸ⣬Ϲʹɫ˵ԡ
ӣԸ࿴࿴
ĸЩٴȷ϶Ը֮һĴȡ
Уھ͸ϵϴγ°̻˵иŮǿԼһ¡				

43¿ʵ

Сĵ°ͺײȥҽԺȴҽ֪Ļһ׵ҪֵĻǮ䰺
СϸûôǮո쳯ҲǶʮѡʮͨܶ࣬ɶҪҪС˵ʮ֮һѡ
ȥ쳯ҪǮ˵©绹ſˮģ޷쳯ǰֻܸ˼٣û뵽·ԼһŮ
ⲻСôô
ɣǰҲСģô󰡣
·治ҲֻСһôô⸱˹ģ

һ·ŪСֻΧɿĳ嵽˸İٻ̵һСӡ
ֵΪʲô쳯ߵʱ˹һΪʲôһ·ô˶ָָ㣬Ҳ˲ΧԼղ֮󣬷ɿųӻ˼ҡ
ĸŮģһæ׷ʲô顣
Сҭҭ˵Լľſĸʹ޲ѡ
ĸҲ֪Ӳȫҷɻڴȫʹ޵С꣬ǣԼ˽лԲߡ
һҪװġǶٿǮҲ̫ˣӲжǮ
Ըһ̣
Сӣ۾Լס
֣֮ǰµʱ򣬳Ҳ˲ǮôϴסԺǮǻһ㣿
Ըüͷһܡ
⺢ӣһôǮҪ¸Ȣϱġۿôˣ˻֮Ҫ࿴˼ˣ
ĸҲԱߵͷ
ְ˵Ҳе㶼ѾͳߵһˡѵǮҲôٿǮ˵Ҳɣ
СЩЩŭ
裬ⶼûм޹ȥѾ˼ҪôǮԺôԼǰ̧ͷ˰ҲܣǮǳҲóҲó
û쳯ǰǵȵףȵ֮ǰһſԡ
ĸԸ˳ȥ
ͷӣ㾿ôģС˵ҲûֻҪ޹ȥҵǮСģʱΪСӣʱǲøǮ˵Ǯǵó
ԸһѰ˼ȷʵԿ״ȥǮɴ֮ͷ֣տҲһǮûˣԴһգһûٵȥ
ĸۼֿطסԸ㵵ѯʾʲô顣
ûˣǮûˣûˣ
˵̫氵˵С˸ţɫһ䣬ҴҵؽţȻҲ˿տҲӡ
裬Ǻú룬⼸ûаǮóȥ
Ըĸҡͷ
ɣԴӵϢ˻ֵǷʲô顣
Ըȥ͸Դһ⡣
üٿ鰡
֮⣬˭ҶǮ
ԴǴĵıﱻô֮ӵ
֣ǲǷˣң
ԸҧЬӣҲ˴ʱѩصĵذ壬ֱԴ׷˹ȥ
㣿ҽ첻Ҫ㣬һҪ㡣ôôӣٿǮôҶǮôң
ԴʱҲ׷ʲô飬һ߶һ߽͡
֣ǮҵģúԺʲô˵ˣҽ㶼Ҫ޸ˣǵʱҪǮжǮҽ֮ǰ˵֮ȥǸΪʳã˵ʱ򻹸ǲˣ
Ը˼ʵܲˣָԴĺֱϢ
㣬ҪҡǮǼȫĻô
ҽҪ£
Դں
Ը˸ͷԼеͷΡ
ڻûм޹ȥ
Ҫ޹ȥô˵ô绨Ľô޸ˣǮǱˣ

һһСվԱֻԼ׹ߣѪҺ
ԼǼô
ǼԼԼ
Լ֮ǰԼͷεĺãԼѴȴһֻԼҪǮ
ҧҧվޱؿڡ
Ҫٿ飬ҲôŪҪǮȻĻԺٸһëǮ˵
ԸԴһۣСеС
Լһ־Ľಢ֪æ׼ʦ뿪ʱԼõҵDDԼʵӦõʵȥ
˵˵ѡ
˵ֻһңҲԼʲô鶼ûеˡ
Ҳĥ취ʱ򣬻ˡ
ȻŲҺ
ҹϱߵɽʧƣֱӵɽµ
Ϊ˾ȻϱˣΪ˾˵ɽϲٰϴŲ̶ͬȵ˺Ͳ̶ͬȵѬ				

44˻

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۾ۣ۰
ڶ߻صţĽ񣬿Դ
һɱСվڻð̵ǰ棬Ъ˹ؽкţֱ񷡣
кĸףʱڵϣ˫ɱ§Ķ΢΢𣬿ǰĺӣŮĶԶ
Ľ˵ʱʲô顣
Щ΢΢£ѹһ޴ʯͷѹֵ޷ϢǰһСкǰӣŬ΢Ц
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ĽûȥϵǸŮˣ׼ȷ˵Ӧһս˵ʬ塣
СذӵҪҩȴ⵽ȭߡ
ҲҪҡҪҪ
Ľʹҩȴûĸ׵СһץĽ󣬺ݺݵҧȥ
һʹĽҧ
ܹùһĻҧɣҩҪϵģһжΪ㣬Ӧÿġ
Ŀ⣬⺢ѾˣǰԼʱѾѧȥ׬Ǯˡ
һŨŨζӿſͣǺ۾ҭҭĿԱߵĸףһˣȴѾپܾĽҩ
Ľ̾Ϣһÿγ飬˵ĶǺӡ
ҩԱ˿ţҩһǰߣһҩ
ܿ죬ߵΪ˵ע⡣
СȻ㣡
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Ů˼׷ʡ
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֮ǰȥԼûҽʸ֤˼ҸԼ
Сٺú롣ҽԺָһġܶҪأûʿҾԹԿ
ʿ
Ľգգ۾ԥҪôܾʱ򣬾ԱϤ
ʿɲҪʲôʿ˼ҿʦҽѧͽأ
ոҽЦе˹Ľһӿɽ̡
Ľ಻˼ЦЦ
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ĽԴ˼ЦЦĲˣ߾ؼңŸո˼ͱקס˿ӡ				

45Σת

ĽȻתͷͼԼҩСͷ޹޴ؿԼ
ôˣǲﲻ
Ľ˶ԷţȴСһץסԼ֡
ôˣ
תͷ˿ܣִҶæµԼ飬Ŀ˵ˣӣ
ǲҲְˣ˰һºòã
ӣҡͷ
ҵҪˣҲˣ
Ск۾ںںڵģ۾ֻĽĵӰָĽ֣Լһſͻ뿪һûĿºЪ˹޴룬ãֺ
Ľ񿴵ǰǸոս븣ԺԼ»Ŀֻźͺ£δãǡ
ܹ뷨ѱ
Ľ೶֣˽ͳ˿ڵ񾯣˵֮ת뿪
ֻǣ˼ֻͷĵؿ˹ȥȴؿԼֹһԡ
Ȼһܵۡ
ǰԼ˵˵˴ߣԼֻһӣôȥһӵ
лǲģĽ뿪
ؼ֮ҲûţóСˣóСԼ˳
壬Ļˣ
һ㶣Ȼ۾һ΢Ц
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ĽѾϵ˶ԷܾһЦеԼ˾˵ļ
ҲŰ˾˸ˡ飬˾˱ˡĳˡ
Ľûټ˵ȥһжѾڲС
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С⺢ڼҷšأģѾѵˣεһҪŹȥҲúøѧѧ
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ЦǺǵİڰ֡
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Ľûǽ̸ĻᣬѰ򿪣Ķ
ùãǸ·Ͽԡ淺Լøġ
ѩ۾һеĵģ˵				

47һ㶼̰ĵ

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ѩƣǼҲû׬ǮӹÿҲŸʮ顣ʮܸﰡﻹŹȥóԵĲ壬ɡ
ĸһǳ
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·ͦģôһǮɣϾ˭ԼȫǮ·ǲǰܼô
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ԼŵһѶ֮˶Ρ
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ѩһЩѿ
ʵǾõЩˣүүԻ˶ôȻԵĻ͸ɣܲٶҵƱݰҪˣҿ

մõĵָ˲Ȼ̧ͷĿⶨĿԼŮ
ո˵ʲôû壡
һ̨˵߰ʮɣ
ѩգգ۾һȻ
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ʱ鲻ʱġĽ㲻ͲҪϹ˵ˡ
Ľ࿴̫ܹһһ㣬ѩ̫ҪĽ˵תͷֿմ󺣡
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ԣù˼ĺŮйôǲǱҽԺʲôҪĶడ
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ڻ˵֮־Լ˵еֺ֣һݸĽࡣ
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캮ضĽŲȥأΪ˴
Ч۰Ͱ͵ؿһүүЩɥسš
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صһӣ۾ѩⲻԼңѹ
ѩ㾿ûеˣѹեʱǵ˿ĽֶŮոոõЩһðġڿŰְ֣ȴҸĳóҲܣ̰ݣһ䵽³Ľֶ࣬ŮóЩ
ѩŵؿԼΨΨŵŵİְ֣Լ˵ʲôʲôĬϵ̬ȣô˱仯
֣㾿˵ʲôҲҪǮѡ˵ʲôó˵ʲô̰ԣָĽʲôϵ
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֣㾹Ȼң㾹ȻҴңʱûдңƾʲôңߵʱô˵ģô豣֤ģ㶼ô
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ǰ㲻ҰֵĻΪһ㣿˵İְֶǸģȻǴ٣Ȼƶũôôṵ̀һС裬һ˳İ֣ҺӦõģⶼǷҵģ
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ѩԱ߿ţüͷؿǵĶмط˸ۡ
ͲɣҪŪЩװŪĶ᲻ǼǮôԺڿ˵ҺˣΪҲ֪ôôǮȥ˳ңﻹǮңϺͿˣⲻ֡
ĽСûѩֻǵͷմ󺣷Ųߡ
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ĽȻתͷĸһ΢Ц
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Ȼˣֻ¾˸һζûж
մһͻ͹ˣӵؿ˿ԱߵĽֿ࣬˿ŮǸյţ˱۾سĸӻ֡
ˣ
ĸüЦ
ȥǰɣ
ĽƤЦⲻЦһ˵֪
ÿˣ˵Ǵ峤¿ӣȥһǾС
ĸ۾һ
˲øǮôҲһɣ
æطԼ˽˳ȥˣ⡣
Ҳø̫Ǯʮ˿ˣ
ʮ˿飿
ĽЦġ
үү̸òǼʲôɣ				

49·


ƼΪռǿеģǮģ
մ󺣽˽ԼĽ֣ͽţĬĬ
֮󣬲תͷƼЦǺǵλ׼ҡ
ȻƼЦŵģ棬Цĳ˳ҪǺƵĶࡣ
׼ҹԭһֱڡǿմ󺣣ԲԸɣûϵⱲҲһΣᷳҲֻˣ
ĸɫһ䣬ɿԼˣ˵
ƸЩ͡
ǣҡҾǡ
˵˰Ҳû˵ɶԱߵĸһקˣҪˣմ󺣸ܿ
ɩӣôҹܲšմ󺣲ˡ
ĸһ
ոֻҪմԼ氡ܸɶ
οǴ׳˶ǣɶ뷨Ҳմ󺣰
ޣ˵Ķˣ
ǰһҪ͵ʲôȴմӲİ
Ľ࣬үү˵ټүүؼҡ
ĽЦˡ
һ֪ԼүүȻô
ˬ죡
үү׿Ǹ谮ĹŮǶԹһͷֻ֮ǰ̫Ѿϰߡ
ҹˣ͵ϲ̫ߣǲŸոյ峤ңѩˡ
Ľմֻڴ峤ס¡
ĽСȻҪһȥ峤֣ȻֱһͨͶˣû̸֮⡣
ĽʵΣֻ
峤ҵĶϱȤĽССͻʲôͼԼҹЦǺǵĽ˳ԼŰѼóĽ
ͷӣ֪ҪдˡǲҲ̫˵
峤۴ǺǵЦţҲ˵
Ľ˱Ƚϻ飬Ҳµ˴峤үү˼Цеشнӹ⣬Ŵ峤۾
峤үү֤ãõĻʡ
úúãҲ⹫˾ͿһճڵŮ
һ˵峤ﻹʲô֪ģ
ԼǴ峤˳ҲǴ峤ϴȥϿᣬɰԼ˸ˣ˵ʲô˳Թ·ϵķζֱˮȻ̸̸˳οҫԼŮ顣
ǵԼʱؼʳ˳ôܸɵŮžͿԼǼͷԵֱֱ̾զǸŮΪӳ겻ܾȻһܡ
뵽Щ峤ͽ˳ҪƳ˳˵û档
û뵽˳֮󣬾ͱĽɴµַˡ
ҪǳڳʮˣЩ
Ľడϰ˶ð
Ľһ£ش
ü˰ɣ
֮ǰ⹫˵պܺãǸǸѧô
ĽͷҲҡҡͷ
̾ʲô֪ɾ˵ǰʲôټС㡣
ЩҹʲôģɶʱѧЩҲڼ廨·ɶġ
ϲ飬ʱѰġǺЩ鶼ˡЩ߲˷ҾȻ뵽ϵЩԾ͸ˡ
棬кܶûģĽ
ߣүүҲǸģ²𴩡
峤ԱΪأ۾ֱؿĽĶԼҶϱ˹һѧ
ȻѧУûˣˣһ̲ס߿һۣǴӵ֪࣬ÿμǸˣ޸ǸģܿŪˡ
鱾Ĳˣһ
ĽҲûв˽˼һһ߽̣ҽ̸Ǻܶ೴˵СУ緹ʡֺóԣֱ˵ʱҪעʲô
һٷĽɫ΢һֱڣֱеⶼ֮ͣ¡
峤̣ⶫԴ¶ġʱһֱӿԳԡЩըͣǼǵҸո˵Ĳ裬һպóԺܶࡣ
峤ЦеĽӣֱ˵ˣϱں꣬Ź
ȻʲôܺóԵĶĽҲ֪ѾóԼõĶ
һİ˼ᵽϤ˼ҲŻеůĽڴһ겻ѡ
뵽үүת䣬滹ͦ˵ġ
ֻǵڶһ磬ЦˣΪƽˣŴ·淾ôֱͦͦعڴ峤ſڣֱҪԼⲻǡ
Ͼס˼Ҽմ˼֮Ϳʼ峤ҵһɨѩѩҳУƽǵʱմ󺣲ûڼҡ
Ľһ鷭˺һ˯Ĵ峤ҹŮ椡
Ľ࣬䰡˯Ҳ˯
Ľ۵״һĨ֮ɫ
ûв´Ļ˯ˡ
Ȼһƽ
ôҸⲻˣ				

50¾Ѻ

峤ϼԼմ󺣼˲˼ѩͿȥ˴Ű·ϻѩҲѧ׷¡
峤ϱͼϱڼɨĴɨ庢𴲵ĺ庢𴲣һеģɴֱһҲֵġ
ʱ򣬼˻ûзӦ
Ǵ峤ϱһ֮Χȹ֣æţͼſڹŵƽ淣ɫһ䣬æȥȰѺ
Ǵ˵¶Ķкĵ
զˣǵˣ
һ޹ؼ֮ͷԼ͵ˣԼҲүүŵǲ˵˯Ҳûӹһͱӱקš
ҵأ˵ҵûߣûڼңϱ¶ҵҹǡ
ﻰ⣬ڲԼҵʲôȫѩĴ
ƽԭͳÿǸµصũˣƫƫһ׾ģһЦԵС峤ϱҲ˻
˵Ǹϱɵúúý̡̽ˣҪһҵģ·ƳˣҲ֪
峤ϱųЩۣõԼҸĸ׸
ƽû˵
淴ǸôۣôǮ
ǣһȥ͸ϱú˵˵ҵأǲǻԸңûϵҾǹҲԸ⣬ֻҪС
һ谮ţΪһеģ
Ѻ˰
Ľഩ·泪ͨƽ
峤ŮҲˣĽԱţһĽ
ùأӼ޵֮ͲɻҲޣǶ˵ˣøá
СһŰ֮Ĵ
Ľüͷмعǡ
ҹøã
ô
ЩĽķӦСϱĽѩ
ĽӳţЦӯӯؿǸܴ峤ϱôקʼղƽ
øүү֪ⲻǣһܸжġһֱүүɺãȻ˵ȥѴ·ϵѩ˶࣬ò˶һģ
ƽٿȻ˱
˶ܲסӴ󰡣
ǴȻ࣬ס˵Ƚɢ·ͱøⳤ
峤ϱʱĽЩ¶ô죬ո¹ѩ˵ϥǳڶŻỵģҪǿƽͼԷȻӵ
ѽôˡڹϻùأȻؼƣү
˵꣬һƨɣˣ
ոջҪĴ峤ϱԭأ
ĽЦһ
ƣƼˡ
ĿŲʣµƼϣӲ߰Ŷɫ·ͷ㣬Ϻڣű飬űǰҪĺӵ硣
峤ϱҲǸ̾
úõĺӣôˣ
Ǹƽͦ谮ԼϱôûԼҹɣ
ĽЦЦӴ峤ϱá
̣Ǽҵˮϴϴɣ
ãá
峤ϱ˵ĽǽôãԼҲġ
ʰ׵ҲæĽϴͷֿĽŻͷ
Ľ࣬ͷıƽʱıӺÿˣܲܽ̽ң
ĽʹӦˡ
ʵҲǰڹ¶Ժ澭ܵСȥ֮С׬Ǯܶʽ
ⷬܿ˴峤ҼϱһΧĽǣºӣʼҸ
ĽЦؿŴһģεֻԱ߰Ŵӣż˭ˣָһ¡
վԱߣžеԼҲòš
ôÿô
ٿĽʱһ鶼˱仯
ĽӣȻûע⵽
ͷû񫣬ɴְѴ峤ϱ˹
һӣŪʲôͷǵģ
ĽסҪԼͷļϱ̸̷ַ
ɴ仹ÿ
Ľ࣬úãӶô໨
ǰǰ˾Ƕöࡣ

ĽεҡͷֻǱ˶һӶѡ
ûһѩļ˻˷͵Լϱһ۾
Ǵ峤ԼϱһЦ
ÿÿˣ
峤ϱ˸ۣŭصһۣתͷԼϱ˳
մȿվڵ淣̾Ϣһ֡
				

51ˮ

淸߹ȥմ˵洫ƽ
ҵǻôҸոջؼҰѸѩ˸ˣš
ɾ˸ոһĻĴ峤ϱôôаΪƽǹϴģ
峤ϱӦһմ󺣡
մޱš
Ľ಻ģæ˳ȥеĻ淡
ϱãҸǸԭôȻҸ£ҪҪôŶԡ
ͨһ
Ľ֪Ĵ㣬Ҳò˵˶Լݡ
ֻ񲢲ǰǸʮһͣ˶ŶҪȫůʱʱȴٴô

մޱؿڡ
ŮƽڿĹ¸ϴһصشϡ
ңƽ񲻾ڸұѩĴҲŮ޷Ҳ޹⣡
ٲϲŮԷһϵĶУҲŮˮ
ԼĺֻԼ򣬱˵һ£ĸĶҪƴ
ѩվԱߣүүε̾Ϣһ
øùʲôǹùõĴˣѵ׼үүװŲڣ׼̶үүүү뿪ô
Ҫˮ
ðһá
ѩֻǸϱҲãĸѾڴôˡ
ŵĲ´Ьġ
Ľ࣬˵ʲô첻ù
׼ҪҹùүүҪһٿǮ̥ѣүүò׼̲Ը׼үүװŲڼҲӦꡣ
Ľ˵Լ࣬˸ԲĻᡣ
մ󺣸мؿһĽ࣬ۻǣЩذڰ֡
ǻȥɣҸ淴·ǻϡ֪·ôԺͱˡ
ƽüͷ壬·ʱ򻹸ϱţ·͸ϵ쵼һʳòĻ
֪ѩ·ѾһӸˡ
ĽЦЦ
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ƽɫһ䣬æͷҡɲ˹ģʾ޴£ȥͲȥͲ
ԼֲʲôôƽƸմ󺣣˵Ҫ㣬Լɿ뿪
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ȥ˼Ҳٷľôռô
峤ʶ㣬ƽǵС˼ӲķۣһЦʾԼȥ淣Լȥմ󺣡
ϸ磬ǺһůůӣһúǸȥԺϤˣͷȥ￪ᣬٲҪ߶ˡ㲻֪ǰȥ￪˻زȥдסţǮ󡣡
մ󺣸мĵͷ
ã
ĽҲϯ
ͨļҳһˣСΪ˳ԼҶģûٱ˺ǳ⡣
ĽЦеظҼһ顣
ԣүүӲã̫⣬ˣϲԡ
Ҷ֪ǽڣҲû˲𴩡
ʱ˭øܳĲ
ĽҲһ⡣
ϽԷʹԺû취չǵʱǵչ֪ô淣СʲôĻǵԱ߰һ£֪ô
ô棬ȫҶӶģԼô
۵׸һĨã֮ɫǵͷ
淣Цĵͷ
Ұ˽Ļ㻹ӣҳô
ĽС
ģֻҪԣеġ
еģҲеġ
ֻڣʱ
մԱ߿һĻ̾
峤ҵ˿ĽһͣҲԱ߸̾Ľô㡣
ӣ˵·оûʲôġ
ĽϲĽҲҪߵġ
극Ľմţ
վڴڿһĨӰԽԽԶ淳˳õ֡
ãҺϲ㡣
㣬Ҫһ˵òã
Сﲢ֪һĨģģĶʲôֻǾãʲôı䣬ϸ룬ַ·ûУ
Ľ˿֪Լһôı仯Ϸ顣				

52ʮֻͰˮ

Ľմһʱ䣬㹻ܶ鷢ı䡣
ӻϵĻֱˣʱϵǰðٻ˾Ʒϵȣһޱ֮Ķ͹ȻⶫҪڸǮ򣬵ٽ򳤵ȼü֮
䣬ڵѩ֮򳤲ûаѺȻ񲻸⽨һףɺ׵¶
˻鳣зܹô촦ãҲӵģǶһݶ
򳤸ˣҲˣĵΣɾôȴʵʵġ
Ŵһмģκι˼ƶᱻû
ԼдţСȥ档
ȥгҪذæȻʱޱⶫ̫ˣ¼˸һӶֲ֡ȥ㲻Ҳ¡
ǳλߵļС
С˵Լʲô飬ǰԼڴԼʱһȺСɱ⣬ѾԼгˣ
С岻˵һ㶣ŷӦǰ˻ЦЦһĶͷ
Ҷæˡ˾С
ãáⶫȥͣҿõġ
¹⿴ǰͲкصصͷ
š
С崧һ·ϵ棬쵼Ȼܹעĵر˺ͳСһ֮ĸŵʶǵ䡣
У
С߳г칫ңһĻֱͨͨ
֮󣬲ŷ˲Ծ
гֱ˵жǣҪʲôҲû˵ҪϻȥѯʣȻѾˡ
绰ȥҶæҲû˽ӡ
ҧҧԼ뷨ůģԵõŪȥ
С壬㲻һȥô
˾СЩɻĿŰ·Ȼ³ĳС塣
ˡһһԼȥ߰ɣҪأɶ¶
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ôˣǰڴ˽£֮дߣȻȷǲҲ㱣֤Ͷһϣ
ҽԺҩƷطҪĶ࣬ϣֵҹ٣һ׳ѾСʱȥˡ
ҽԺ泣Сֶò̫á
ںӻĺͬãڵ֪С;뿪ʱһ⣬æץס˾
û˵ȥгǿ֤أ
֤С˵Լȥȥͻأ˵ҪԼ
Ĵӣ˾ûֵܻ⣬ʵػش
ɫһף˫һû
֮ǰ緢ȫȻʱ˽Ͳ
С˵ʵһĺӣӻԽˣԽƫ·
г֤棬澭ôණѱġ
ѩԽԽۿѾ̫ʺϣڴһҹûкۣһߵʲô⣬һֵĳСͱʲô¨ӡ
ȻԼߴһ죬ѾԼгǰ۵ģ£ԼҲܲˡ
ɫ΢ʱԺ˯һͱ
ѣѡ
Ժ˹ͼһǵվǰ
ŷѩ˽úݺݵش˸飬æ˾¡
ôˣ
ҩҩûˣԺǱ˵ҽԺҩûˣ֮ǰҩĳһСʱ֮ǰˣ˳ô˵ô죿ûа취Ūҩ
ߣһƣѩȷ̫ˣ·ߡ
˾ȥҩƷҲѾˡ
ѩСһ·
˼룬Ҳ벻ʲôð취Ҳֻ
Сʱֻܵȵ֮㡣
ҽԺĵ绰һһﻰⶼҪ취
Ժ̫࣬䣬ðյҲ٣ҽԺΪҩƷһͲƾܳ¡
ϻüëʱԶԶ
ʲô
ǳŲ鿴ͼһƴ󿨳Ƿǰͣ£һˡ
߽һǱˣǳС塣
һϸ߸һ˵أ޲óȥСݺݵڡ
ӸʲôֻҪͺá
򳤣˼һˡҪ·ʱ뵽ʲôˣͳҩҽԺ̫߳ˣҾȻǻ㱨һ¡û뵽·˵ҩĳӷˣҾͿǳϵĻ˻
˵ʲô飬ոҪ׳СһڣҪתȦ
ͬ˵áȻ˵ɿ˿ҽԺ͡
ʰԼ飬ЩôῪ
Сͷ
ⲻʱôû¾͸ѧѧ֮ǰڳ濴ͬ־Ķ˸˵˴Ҫ죬Ծôˡ
ĽⷬһԼС˾Ѫͷ
Ļ˵ġ
ĳСںǿ鱦
飬󣬻ϸܰѹȫǸӣ
ЦǺǵĳСļ򣬹˹ϵľ°ڰ֡
ȥ˯ɣһ绹еæأ				

53


СЦеصͷȥ˯ֻҲ˯á
̫ˣڴԺ飬Щʲôϸңȴֻһͼ¶ѡ
ò磬С˯ţ˰ӶдĳţԼԹԵɨѺͲӿʼɨѩ
Ⱥ֮󣬱дĹԱһͨ˵̫֮ࡣ
Щ±ƣϸ֮²֪С˯ʱ˲飬ʱǰһкôȫƵϡ
С壬㲻ġҵûҲܾô˾
СЦЦԼ͸ϡ
û¶һЩС¶ѡ˵ҰλӷŵúȷֻˣҲܺá۴СԼռʲô¶
ͣһЦ
㰡㣬ǸŮһϲ
Է¶ȴƫƫǫ̃˵ʲô˼Զ
˵Ľ࣬ЩɻǶڹԼȥˣС嵹˵һ㣬˵ĽС˾ˣײգҲû뷨˱˵ĵģҲֻЦҡҡͷ
С岻˵ҲѯˣߵĺȻ뵽Ľ֮ǰ˵飬ڳ극֮۶һ绰
֣ҹͦõģҲͦõģҪǰæУأæ
ʲôæӴӲþͺúϢһˣҴиսߣѳ˵С¶Ҫ鷳һ¡
ʲôҲвڣǸˣһͨ绰ֵҴ缸ⲻһС¶òĹϵңȻƧģûô⣬ҵĹǱĽĽأ

ԼүһͨڱŹ˺ȵԼҴ磬򵥵ذ˵һ֮ŹҶ˵绰
ЧҲʵľ߲ŹҶϵ绰ûãǱߵ绰Ѿ˽
СȲҪܣЩӡȻͷϸ˵
ЩعҶ˵绰
Լ֮Ϊӵ飬﷢ô
ܿ죬ûʱЩеûģΪ쳯ˡ
֪츸ŹûᣬȻģ쳯ĵش˴Ŷߣӻİйע
ôˣһȱٶҹӸ˶˹
쳯һ䣬ں濪ڡ
أ쾭һ϶û˯߶ȱæϵ˵أİٻ˾ֿһ룬Ҳ쾭أ
سǡ
ô±ô
СȴسŴ󿨳һۡ
츱⳵ϵĶЩ̫԰ɣ
쳯üˣЩмͳŪ
λͬ־˭ⶫﲻԾˣ
츱Щ˵ǴӸģԣֿĶ
˵ȥġ
ô츱λͬ־ǰڴҵҪϽĶ͵ʱΪִӣÿζҪǺšԼ
Сָųļ޷涼д֣ϸܿ
ԣҲֻһ㣿ȻֿĶ˵㣿ǳʱȷ˵µĶǧܶΪҪά̳ӪҪֵɹѶ͹С
ȵ쳯©ûѶԷ·һӷ
˵һߣպ
˳ĹƼ˵ĻҲǻҧ˵ġ
ոջЩͷʹҪժӵ쳯ĺʱһЦ
û£û¡Ƕã츱ȥУ⳵ҲҪȥġ¶
ңĽǰѳС͸Լ쳯
¹չ
쳯Էһһ츱еθۣҲΪ˲е㾽ȣεس˳СԼɣشˡ
Դϴ쳯Ӧĸ˵࿴࿴֮ĸæͣذԼҶףû뵽汻쳯ͬʱһ
ԷһһѧһԱĸһʿͥף˳Ưᣬ䵯һֺø١һεĹ򣬾Ͱ쳯ĸӵĻûˡ
쳯˳ԼһԷñǵԴˡ
ôһͨң
ŵƯʱһ飬üͷһ壬۾һС
˭أ				

54³

һ쳯ɫһ䡣
ʶȥԱߵһȴֶԷʱüͷ˼غס
¶Ҫ˵
Դڳ¶˵
Դôһ֪ģķ˵ô¶أ
ֻס˴˫ǺһЦԴܡ
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͵Ŀ⣬һ£뵽Դв۾
Ҷĵܵܣ
ѾжˣʲôǰҵʲôÿԼԳԷȺȲô
һֱһҲըˣ
Դһˣԭͻ쳯Ůһȣ֤ݣ˵ŸڷϵľƿӲ߶ʮһһңһĲƿ׼һ
Ůˣҹҽ򣿡
ɲһôʣ䣬Դһһһһ򣬸϶и֮
һתͷǹ߶Լʱίغ۾ݺݵ쳯һ¡
쳯㵹˵ôǼ˵Ǵأʲôʱҹˣ˵
Ů˴ᣬܹ˵ϧ˵ʱһӺ
쳯һҧֱͦ壬סһ
Դⲻһ飬Ҳҵ顣˵ĴѵÿδǼҪǮ㶼ûм޽ǼأǼǰǰǶǮǼҲǮģǰ軹绰ҪǮҪҪˣҰҪҪˣ
Դ˵Щ
ѵ˵ģǻ㶼ôôˣҪǮҲΪ㣬ҽôĵΪҪΪɶҪǮ
˵ĵãһ˵ĵ쳯ǰֳ֮ǰСݵ䣬ͷͺ׵ģٸԼһһȣֱһϣһ
ôô泤Сأ
쳯˵ԴΪ
ϺŮ˷ֿǮңҿԵһжûз
һ˽ָͲСˣ࿴˲˼ңΨһ쳯ò
֮ǰ쳯ƭ֮ⷬҲԼе֣˭Ҷ̫ɣ
ǰֽ߬ס쳯ĸ첲

쳯Լǧٿ׵һ˲䱻һֱӾܾԴұʾԼҪС֡
쳯˵һ䣿ҪǸҸҽ֣ھʹ㡣
쳯ҲһͷˣһվţˣҲ¶
ԴȻŵջͦġ
쳯ǳ⼸䣬Ϲ
ԴСôһʲô
İƿֱӳ쳯ͱ˹ȥ
쳯ҲûĸҶ֣˸ţѪʱ˳
ԴһУѪ̼Ĵԣ۾ͱ˼£ֱ߳Ů˴̶Ŵֻлعеİƿӵʱء
ʱ쳯ѾŶӵѪУһԴУΧһӵƷԴŤͽɳ
츸ԭڼԼҶӰԼúðŵһߴˣûü̾ûͱҴҵϡ
һ쳯˽ҽԺʲôҲ˲ãȼ˵̶ӵ˾ͳ˼š
ҽԺ档
һ޳һˣֱ˵ŶԼãڼԴʱ뿪쳯ͲԴִ
ĸá
һϲԼҵеĴ󶼹Լϡ
Լ˵ĴھӦðǸԴץǹУ
ԼңԼҵĴѵǶûô
츸һ֡
ԼңԼңԼҵĴѵǾûô״ܱ˴ôҪ˵Ĵ
ĸһ㶣Ȼɫһ䣬Ǻָ츸ı¡
ҵĴôҵĴ㵱ҲӦİҲͷ˲ôôңõ鶼йأõȫҡ
ĸ˵˵ֱӿ˳
ոջԱ߿һֹס᣿
ΪɶԼеĲһѲǲӦȸԼǸϾƭ
Ϊʲô
쳯ҽԺδǱԴŵҪҪ
֮ǰþƿͱ쳯Ҳǳ嶯֮٣鷢֮ϷӦʱѾ
үү֪ͨԼļ˹ȴ֪һͨϢȥ֮Լҷ죬ҲŶ˶				

55ô

ô᣿
˵˳ɻԴͱ˱ץ飬Լ֮ͱԴͱץҪǹС
Ը˹ȥĸ˰æԸȥҽԺ֮ԼּæȥڹϰŮ
С֮ǰôһˣΪһÿײ˵û˵©黹Ǵ
ԽԽãƢԽԽ䵱˵ǴѵĿ͸¶֮󣬸ڳԷһܣ˴֣ԭ϶ģҲ¡
СΪ˼Σʱ뵽ǰǮæ˳䡣
һĸףͽجĴ
˵ʲôͱ˳ΪʲôΪʲôҪô
˰ɣ
쳯Լ
ĸҲһͷˮһͷɷһͷǶӣ֪Ҫιȫͷβˣ
ǼҲûжǮˣְסԺҪǮܲȸҵܵ¶ҪҪȥðôأһǲ᣿
С꿴߶߶ĸףӣǿЦ
ѵֻһп޲Ҫô˵ǸҵδһӵҸô͡ô
СҲԼҪ˵ĻһҧԼĴȡһǮƱӵݸĸ
еǮ㶼߰ɣԴ飬ҲܣҲܲ𡣡
뵽쳯ԼĺãСҲ˲ϣֱӻصԼỻһ·Ž
뵽ԼӵϢԼȥãҵʳƷ̵һڲ
Լĸ첲ϣųҡ
쳯ҽԺ滹ûѣѾˡĸһ壬һȻС꣬ȻǸ첲ϹһڲС꣬ĸɫһڡ
С꣬ԼҺҶӲô
ĸһǹģһʲôͿԡڼȻѾȥˣҡ
仰һĸǱβ͵èһ㣬ֱŭصС꣬ģ˵ȥ˺͡
ں˵˵Щʲô˭ȥˣȥأǼҾԲҪ÷εŮϱܵͱҶӼ£ȴǼҳȥó֮ǰһֱǰ˵ĺáޣ
ĸֱҪϷţȴСһ˽۾⡣
ĸô˵û£̫ˣ̫ˣ
ҵĨĨϵˮѯĸ쳯
ҽԺ
ĸôôܸ
ǲĵСôױĸߣײĸ˵쳯ҽԺȴҽԺ쳯һమٯٯĳȻһ֡
Ҳ˵ҺС֮ô֣Ľոմͻ˵ľϲ
Цеȥ˸ڣݶޱԼĴЬףҲȻ鲻á
ЦеشӶóǣݶ档
ݶ㣬ѩˣǰɫģɺÿˡҪҪȥתת˼˵ڴв͵͵ˣǲȥóԵĺİɣ
ݶЩ⶯Ϊ˺Ѿþûˡ
ĽüͷЦеĥһڳɹݶš
ҲˣĵطԼҲԶ
죬涼гɹ̫ĴǣһůĿǽ˵л
˵ôȥҽԺˣ
ô֮ǰǻúõô
ʲô㲻֪ҿ˵ˣǸӣˣ⻰ҿֻ˵ǿɱȥ˵
һؿ˴ҡ
ǼҲһֱԼҹŮһɲôǲôţǸɲ챻˸ͱˣ
ʲô
ǲİ

ҵľڶߣɱĽŸ첲ݶѾЩҡҡ׹
ݶ㣬ôˣǲ岻Ϊʲôɫô
֪Ľǡȡطסݶһġ
ݶһ¶ô˵
ǿЦƿĽ࣬ԼǮɿس˼ҡ
ݶﻹæŴɨȴݶûһؼңȴվԺӸ
ˣˣŮ˸üǮˣ
ںʲôΪû취ٲȥûķ
ûҵķ֪淢ʲô㻹ܳԵ·һͷˣ
ݶȻе㲻Ծüѯݶôˡ
ò˭ҳ฾˵ʲôл˰ɣ
ԴͱˣǸǮǮĽԣ㻹ִҪ֮޸Դô
ʲô
ӵˮݶһûվȣһƨ˵ϡ
ô᣿
ĽˣѹѹǵЦݣһĵ߽š				

56º³˫

ĽЩؽš
ݶ㣬ߵô찡ں׷춼û׷ϣӴôڵأ
Ľ༱æȥ˷
Ϊ̫קûקĽεֱ
Ǹݶ㣬һѴɣ˵ɶ¶ܺú˵Ҫȥ˸飿ǸԴ֮ǰ˵ҲǸϵôأǰͱˣǶ侲侲лú˵
ú˵ƨ
ݶ˵ӵһµƨϵģֱֵس˳ȥ
Դǧġû꣡
Ľһãģ
ݶ㣬ôˣԴʲôϵ˵ǼҸǸǸʲôݹϵɣȻΪɶôż
ݶ˱䣬תͷؿĽһۣƿӽݡ
û¶
ĽЦЦ¶ô
ôܣ
ûĻôᷢչز
̵ѾˣͿȫ˳Ȼչˡ
ЦеﵽԼС˾Ǳߣñץ˸š
˵Ľ࣬㾿ʲô飿ոҽӵ绰˵ҪϻȥֹȻǸ쳯˲ܹˣ
ĽЦеصͷ
Ҳ˵ˣǺΪɶ֪߲Ÿոմӹùüһأһַھ˵ġҲҪһ£쳯ôˣ
Ľ˵Դ䣬úҪС
ϾҲ˵Ľүүȥ˹ùüҵ顣
̽ԵؿĽһۣ鲻α֮󣬵εصͷ
ģɾ̫
̫ôû˵ȥǴұ˴˶֪
̫˺ˣ
Ľζ˵ܳϡ
ңʵҲûܶ飬ֻҵС֮ǰѣֻСǰСԼǮ硣
Ȼ˺ȥ֮ǰ˵ˮ
ԤзչĻҪ
ĽЦеתͷȴ÷ԼС˾ü
С˾ЦЦְ˸
С嵽׵Ľ࣬Լйأйص飬õĻûĽķݶǲõһ棬һĽġ
ҪسǣûչˣһС
СĽС˾ˣγСֶͦãĴ󵨵ذ齻˳С塣
ԭΪСðΣɽԷȴֱӱ֤һá
һ㶣Ȼ뵽ǰĽ̲࣬ס߸ߵسĴָ
ȻǾһģ̳ġ
ȵ뿪֮󣬳СһĽԼķ档
˵Ǽǲģ
Ľûзϡ
С˾˶Ѿ֪ˣʲôң֪֪֪֪ˣ
С˱
֪֪ڳĵλ쳯İְ֪ӣǼңôοӲûˣ
Ľʼ
û취Ժ¶ֻԺ˵
Ľû취Сָݺݵش˴ŮԴ
㰡㰡ͦģΪʲôôأҸ㣬ԺԾԲٷˣѾ˵ˣ֮Ͱæð춫ȥѧ
Ľ۾һɿǰ˳Сһ¡
С˾ˣϲˣ
ֻ˵ֱõĲٺˣ
˺ΣҲǷС˾飬ûضأһ
Сһ㶣̲סЦתͷĽıӰҡҡͷ
Ѿͷ
ΪԼ֪ô
ʲôʱȨʲôʱ÷ȨʲôʱΪеգҲʲôʱġ
ɵĲˣĽ࿴ʱ仹磬ȥͼŰѼɨһ飬Ȼְѱ춼ɹɹ˹
еĻҪĽ֮ŵȵͷŵĹ͡
վھſڣŴǺȻ˺ܶĹͣ¶һĨЦݣȻЦЦţͿˣ
ΪԼĻ͸ҪЩġ
ܹȥرŹͣȻӡ
壬ߣǻؼҡ
ëＸҲ۾ӹͻؼҡ
ؿǰĽ໹Щ
ΪԼܾ֮ͼСѾͷˣ
Ͼɥ֮⣬һǿŮɷͷû뵽
Ľ˺Զͷ͵ӰתͷһվԼֱ㶵Ŀ
ȻһЦ
壬㲻ô				

57һ


ô
涼ûԣʲôԵģ
ÿԵĶʲ˵ҪбʮĻһСӣսȥʱÿ϶˯ţȻ˼֮󣬺˸˹ϵÿҲȱ˶һʵͷ
ĽŹͻؼҡ
˼û֮ǰݣȻһ¡
Ľֱӽ˳Լ֮ǰкõĲ¹
棬Լë⼸濪ʼͿ顣
˸磬㲻֪ĽæˡΪ飬νйϵ˰æ
˭˵أĽΪ˹˸ææ⣬ûšңǼǶ˵ԴĽƵأ

˵˵ȥùеص㡣
˵ԴԴʲô飿
ոճû˸澿ʲô顣
Դ㲻֪Ǽҵɾˡ
ݺһЦеذԼҵ˵һ飬˵Сĵʱ򣬸Ǳֵûֵġ
ҶЦֻйЦ
һʱ䣬ֻɻˣ˺ööࡣ
˼ֵܣȻ˳
Լҵйô
תͷ˵Ľ࣬۵״ŴŨŨԼϧ
СССͣԭԲġ
Ľ˵Ĳһ٣΢Цҡҡͷ
ΪʲôǶģǽ˲Ҳ˺æǺ˵û취㡣Ҿֻİ취Ҳµ͸ڵݶйأҪȰ˵ݶıأԼҾͳ顣
Ľ˵ĻͰ䶼š
ǰ£ĽССԴǼ˳ƿԼȥּۻۣ˵Щ㶼ɡ
ȻжЩ˵Ҫ˵ġ
Ľ࣬㻹һӣЩβе˺£
ĽеĲһ˹档
ԴһӰ棬ްĪ
֣Ľ˽
£
վ˵֡
򵥵֣ĽĶоߵľһ㣬
ǵԼ֮ǰҲ̸һѣദͦõģԼǸ˽顣
ȴԼ۵ʱ˷֣ԭ򲻹֡
£
˵Ľ˺£˫۾ͺԶе뷨һ㣬Ľǰһ㣬Ρ
ͿһĻ΢΢һᡣ
СΪãƫƫ˵ЩԼĻҲһίɣ
Ľ࣬Ҳ˼ֻǵģΧ˻ԽԽԶ
ĽٿȻ̧ͷ񶨶ؿŹ͡
ԣ뿪ô
ʶأ˫۾ע£Ҵҡͷ
ɵ˼֮صص˵ͷ
ֻҪ㲻Ҫ뿪Ҳ뿪
ĽݸһЦ
ˣȽȥŰɣһˣ
͵ĵĿһĻ̌࣬ӣ֣صľԼѣҪȥ˵顣
ԵĽŷ˽ݵʱ򣬴̸ݺĸ׸࿴Ķ
Ľ࣬㲻֪ǸʳţҺö˶ҡͷ̾أ˵ǹʱò˵ǮҪȥԵģûˣ
ĽЦЦ
ûϵܿͻῪˣ
쳯ѾջƻôҴҵػȥҪ
Ȼǳ㲡Ҫ
쳯һˣҲͼ򵥶ˣ
ʳûҪ֮ǰ򵥵öࡣ
˵
ݺＱæ˳ȥţȴһͷˮһˡ
˾ˣôģ
СеľƿӷϣĿȴؿȺ֮Ǹˣ΢΢һЦȴûпԼŮ
㶼ѾˣΪʲô
ָָͣϵľƿӡ
һ
Ϳ˿Ľֿ࣬˿ϴЦĳС壬Լ³ʲô˼ˬصͷ
ã
Ⱦͺȣ
ĽȰ˵˼Ȱ˵סҲͲٹˡ
Ѿˣ򵥳˼֮ĽͱʾҪؼˡ
֮ǰѾк˵ҪѧҪм⡣
Ȼ֪Ծôʱܱһ۶ȥ㿼ĺһ㡣
Ľڼ渴ϰű˵Ҵҵȥţͼɫ糣طųСš
˾ˣ̫ܺȡ
Ľ࿴ͣٿС壬һЦָʹŹͰͽ棬òش˾ҹɶ¶
ܺãҸ
Ľһ£Լ³˳С嶼˵ʲôЦеصͷ
԰壬ԺҲҪҺһ㡣۸ҵĻǶҵĿɽ
СһӶһָ㽭ɽζ
һ㶣Ȼͷ
һ				

58³䶨

ֽվס
ݶ뷨Ǻõģ͵͵ȥ˾ҰŮ͹͵ˣ˵Դͱ֮ȥҽԺĸҪǮ
ĸԼûǮ˻ҽԺŵǮãôܸǮ
ݶֵذʵ˵˳˵Դݶ̣ˣ֮һǮҪͣȻ֮ٸһǮҪȢݶԼҡ
ĸôܴӦ˴ӳСꡣ
СһֱԼĻ¶ΪԴϵģһֱҪǮͱ쳯ĵӣԼô쳯ֵ
һ鶼쳯Ǻ֮ǡ
˵֮󣬶˵˾֣˳һ£Ǹɱǧĵܵģȥݶݶȡ֤һ£ű˳
СȴΪĸԸַˣԼ˳סţҲԼô
ݶʵԼ˹͵ģǷĪĳԴ档ԴʹһΣȻģΪݶǹ͵Ķ԰ݶ̣ˡ
ҹ˾ݶԭΪǹͣɽ֪Դʱըˣݶ֪Ů˿ֱȥԼҡԼֻԴڼңԴҪϢˣ͵͵ذԼҵǮȡ˸ݶȥܸͣҸݶﱣֻ֤Ҫͽ˼ԺһǮ
ݶǮϲ̵ˣָ֮Ů࿴󡣲֪Ụ̊ˣ˼Ҽ޲ɣֻܼ޸Щʲôģû뵽ݶ֪֮ˣѹסݶȥԴԴҲݶͬͷ֮ȥýȥݶס
ⷬڣΧھӶ֪飬ݶڼѰٻģҵǣҪ׷ܸ飬һ֮ǰĶ۶ſ޳һš
Ľ൹ǰ㶼ûбڵĻӰ죬꣬鱾ʼͷͷŪˣ⡣
ǼҳԹһηĺŪ˺ܶͲóСĽ࣬Ҫæ䣬µĶĽԼá
Ľ֪һΪԼպãһΪ˾ԽܸɵĹϵԸĶۺ졣
ĽԼȻæԽ˸ڵӺҴŮæ
ԭĽĽһֺóգĹѧҲᣬεĻᣬæŴŮСŮһæ
Ľǵ˼Ҳ˵ƣÿʱذѻʱ֮Ķظ顣
ҶǴˣҪơ
һʱ䣬ĽҸŨŨ㡣
㣬㰡ܸܲҳһ㣿һУ
ӼҵСŮʤһСĴָĽȻһ¡
Ľ̲סЦЦóݸ
ĽˣҲûãֻڻؼ֮ôŮԼʵĽ˹
Ľȣֻ಻١
үү⣬ҪҪùǱ͵㰡
Ľæһ֮ͨŶȥүӡ
æԴϴ·֮˸ˣæ˶ǣ԰ѺֽеүӣүϸýֽӸϣͷҲû̧
Ҫ
һˣǶӶడɸ٣١
Ľ䴽ǣͷ
Ҹ⹫ˣٸǼĸǱ߼ô
үӷеĺӣ̧ͷؿĽࡣ
ⶫģ˭ٶ¶֮ǰүүˣԺҲˡ
Щһֱ淴ʡԼΪ
ĽЦеҡҡͷʾүүǼ涥үүô˵ô
ĽԼõ֮װ˴ӣĸ˳СæŪʮóСŴ˳ң˴ԼҰͶǡ
ʮŵʱĽ˸磬ÿ˹ͼҵš
Ǵȥ֮һôڴ꣬ڼĽ˵ҪȥϹ롣
Ϲӳ֮ȻȻң֮һ˵ĹµȻôŽġ
ÿԷʱ뵽ĽζԻ̶һ£Ѿ˼
йµȥ̵ǼûаʦѧϣؼԶԶŵһŨŨζһĽ˭
ʦڻˣҺ㣬벻Ұ
룡
ôܲ룿
촩Ľ·ɪԵĽ˴Ķôܲ룿
֮ǰԼǸȽѵˣ񿴵Ľ֮󣬾ȻЩۺ졣
æ˹ȥ
ɶ				

59ʦ

ĽЦеָŻϵĶ
רŸʦĳԵģǽ˵ôʦһһڣ֪ΪѼЩϣҿǷ˲پ
ĽϹҲ˵ƣָֻ
ЩˣĹأҿɾ㣬˺óԵģûõĻһûкùӳԣ
ĽüʾԼһʦʧ
쵽Էʱ䣬ͳȥһˣûһѴĴ峤Ǵ˽
Ϲտʼ֪ô¶ɵĽԼķȫһ˸ǵһơ
峤үүλүү壬Ľ࣬ϹСͽܡʦƣʱǺܺ˵ġȥ鷳ŻסǲʦߣҲ̫ԺҪ̴ҰæĽлˣ
˵Ϲһֱŵᵹûס
峤룬֮ǰͼĽ֮࣬Ϲ뾭ɪԼͽܶöá
ǿƲ˵ƣΪϹڳŻģ񿴵ĽⷬģϹļЦŸ̾
Ϲϵο׬ˣ׹Ůûôİɣⷹˣ˭Һĳ֮ǰǳ฾˵ڳһòãҪҿǳ
ϹһĨᣬŭĵ
˭˵ģͽµһĺͽܣ˭һͷϷôÿļѼ⣬ļ
ʲԼ֪ҶȱʳأĽȴͣͶҲ֪ΪŪЩ˶ľ
ǣǴˣǾ͸˵ͽܺá˰ɣԲˣԲˣζҸոŵ֮Ϳʼ̿ˮˣ
峤һЦ
Ϲصͷ
ȻͽܱĲã˵ֶοһҸǣһǽúܡǽ̳㡢ȫǽ˵ԭмʮ֣ʲôΡ㡢֡
ΪɪϹ˵һҲϤ֣ڳһ۾Ź⣬ǰһǽúóԡ
ĽԱЦ
ͨãȥŪʲôΣ㣬ᰡԼҵĲϣַ˴ɰѡǽõһǣ˲̲ҩҩŵһ֡
ϳԵĽζģǰѹʹľƺ˸׳졣
ʱ̫ĽǾûȥȵ˯ҹʱĽ洫Ҵҵ
ôˣ
·´ͼѾſڣһ
ʦȾҺӣ㰡
һŮ˵ҵİ
ûԥشţͼһŮźӹڵʹ飬һҲţһɥ
Ľ֪Ϲļ֣˵һ˿תͷһ۵ûжʦ䣬Ȼҽš
飬Ľȷ⺢һǳʲôóԵĶ
Բʦʹ峤ϺȾƺȸˡǺеʳжǲǿһھȥҽԺ
ǰѺȥҽԺҲһܰùȥ
ϾҽԺҲҪСʱοڽߣ
룬ǰϵԷ˵ˡ
롣
ҪҽԺĻڵϹȥǵгżĻá
Ľ೯Źĵر˸Ĵָ
гĻƻһ㡣
ڴ˭г˭źȥҽԺʱϹķſˣ˳
ҲԲȥ
Ľתͷ۾һؿϹ롣
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ʦҪβôⲻʦһ硣
˶֪Ϲҽʱָʹű˰ѴһϢ٣˵û˾ȻˣȻ쳣
Ľɻ󣬾Ϲѯʡ
ϴ뿪ʱĶѾô
Ľͷ
ˣ֮ǰǳֵʱ
Ǻã˵ô
ĽԭΪҳţϾԼֻһѧҽͽܶѣû뵽ҶϹҽƳ籸ں͹
Сģһû
ǰǰʦ˵û£һûµġ

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ʦҿԣҾͿԡ
ϹָʹżҳѺӷڲϣ·
ͼæȥ̿𿾻𣬶ݷԸȥ͵ơ
ϹֳһɫĲ֣µؽĽϡ
Ľ࣬һҪĶҵҪҪǵãڣ㲻ڣҲҪڡǵʦС
Ľ˱飬֣µصͷӹ				

60͵

ϹѯĽûбǸѨλͼͶӦѨλĹ֮Լ֪ʦҪˡ
ڽӵЩʱ˿⡣
ֻǣϹ⸱̬ȣηϧ
Ϲ밴˰Ľָ
ⶫԾˣҲɱˡɱֻһ֮䣬ԣÿʱҪ֮ء
ĽٴεͷȻһС
ǣʦ
ܿ챸ˡ
ĽఴϹ˵Ѩλִ룬ʦѨλһȥַ׼䣬㲻ˮ
ϹԱһĻԭصϻشһĨЦ⡣
ϢؿĽཫһССĽȫ뺢ӵϣŵôܴ
ǹע⵽ĽʱͷǺˮëȥ
ˣ
һ룬Ľ˫һûֱˤڵأǹͼʱӺס͵ܽӴı硣
Ϲ۵״Цȴŭ⡣
Ҫ壬ƫƫ¶Ϊôô
Ա߿һĻĺӼҳæĽ˵ûϾĽոյǿϹû˵ͱʾһû⡣
Ľεسǣ֤Լ֮ȥһúöϹŷŹ
˶ڿźӣֻйԼһ۲ؿĽ࣬һݸˮһһʶ費ҪԶ
ϹԼۡ
ֶ֪֪ϵ֪ĻΪС޵ġߣۡ
ϵҪСʱĽùͰѳĻ֮˵̶ࡣ
ҺãϹﳣҩС֮ԵģĽ˳Ҳһҩȫ
ʱҪǿעǰʱȴɡ
Ľһһѽȸ·̶ҩˡ
ҩܻ֮󣬲ǲҪżܿͺõġעһ£Ҫһ磬һԸһΡ
˸жµ뿪֮ĽǶû˯
ϹĽིոնвԺʱҪעʲô֮ǰĻĽܻЩ¶Ǿ˸ոЩ֮֮ǰûɬѶĶһ˲ͨ
Ϳ̸ȻģԻһ֮˸ӳž¹⿪ʼֱϹĲ̶ĲˣҲ¶ǰס
һĽѾűſϣش˹ȥ
С񼡷ɣ۽ẹ̈һƬӰֻüͷ˯ŵʱ򾭳¡ʲôһ
ŴԼĽʶڵĵεΣһ뷨Ρ
ոõ̫ľĽڹͰ涼ûҪѵ˼ȵѾͣûаӰ˷
ԹͳţʲϹ͹ȥĵط
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ҽ̵ǵģץǵİ취鲼ɽĻغʲôûץĻһԿǿǱء
峤üͷһˮ̴˰Ρ
ɣ˼ˣҲ˲ġ
˾Ͳˡ
壬ƾɶ˵ɶɶģΪʲôҪڴȥֵĻ̵̻Ķ಻ðúù겻ôҪô۶ӣ
˻һ϶˲˵ĸ
ǰǰ̫ðɣ˵ɽǣʱЩûаץԼ˱ˣô죿
ΪһˣֵôӼɹֵֵɽ飬˭ܸ𣿡

˵֮һֱûڵĹüͷƽ̸ͣ۵ĲԼ
ֻԼҪҰæҲѾˡϹʦ£ˡ
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˵СӣǲǱǵֱȽ飬ԲżҪߣ
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棬ﻰĽǵ͵Ͳֱָˡ
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ȻĽע£ǰһĽǰ
ļ˭͵ˣ˭㰵ǣԼǴ峤
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ͰСȣ;ͺһɽһ㣬еһѸ⡣
ңվλӣܰȫ
ȫи˳ϮͿڵһʱס
˵ʲôζģůůġ
ǰڼ֮ǰĽҪʱѡ˿еһжʹ
ңͱдĻҪá
Ŷļ˱ɫ֮󣬹ǿҪ峤ʼѲߣ¡
ҾñȺɽĿԲҸոȥˣһ·˵ѪëûС峤ҵĻһȥһ¡ϾԵ͵˼Ҳɱ
±ץ
峤ʵӸոմұ˵ɫоͲųֻ࣬һֱԸԶѡ
ȵ̶ֳȣҲֻЭ
Լ飬ҳ󲻿ʾԼһúõ飬Ľ͹ʲôʱ뿪ӣóȥˡ
˼Զ
ȴˡ
ûϵƽʱˣҲںһģĽ಻һ
ȵߡԴ峤ԵĻܲܿ㣿
⡭
峤ЩΪѣǸɫ
һסŵˣ̧ͷͷģͺĽ뿪֮黹ð죬ڵĻƱҪִ
ԥԶϹʮ
ǲߡ
תͷ˹ȥͼϹű߹һˣȻȥǼβһˡ
ʦ
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˵ôҵͷҿ֮תͷ峤
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һ
⻰һɫű˼䡣
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ڴӵΪ˹Ǵ治ٱɽϵȪˮȸǽأũæʱ򣬻Ǵӵ˹æɵ
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ĽŴҶԼάнů
ҶԼӦ飬ԼҲӦʲô
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ϹﲻĽС˼ŭĵһ֮һֱתͷߡ
˸ӣ峤Ȼ
ǰҵöллϸ硣ϸȥǼҳԷһϸƸл
ĽЦЦû˵ֻŹ׷ǰ뿪Ϲ롣
źŲ׷ϹϵЦݺȻһһࡣ
ǸС顣ȥɳҲҰô
Ľ༱æͷ
ǣʦҽǿȻη塣СѲҲ˵һ²һµģҲǴһʱ̰֮ѡοסţʲôĻҲ˿԰İ
Ϲֻ֪ܲǸпĽ̫Բѡ
ûип꣬Ľ˵Ҫسˡ
ʦһܿġ
ʦĽ뵽Լǰ
˵ÿѽڱ˼סûˣֹ¼š
ټһǣЦǱҵģԼֻеӺֻ㡣
ӺֻûС
ĽΪֲ˼ϹȴЦǺǵİڰ֡
òǰûʱҶ겻ôߣæ˵ùҪѩϽãȻȥɣ
Ľٶ಻ᣬ׻Ǻ͹ͻ棬Ҿͷ˲Ծ				

62˺

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淣淣Ǹ˭ˣ
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Ľ֪鲻øᣬҲûָܹϾϵֻǿ˲Ҫ޵ߵǶѡ
Լڵһʱ棬үү͹ùֺͺˣ
ĽԼʹĶͷõԴ˾ͽ棬̧š
棬մޱغźӣԱһҲæǸŶӵģóѩûӰ
˽ţͬʱתͷ˹
ƽŨüۣİۣ˿һµظɻũˡǴĽ֮ǰ͹ȥ·˵ǳӲĸɲš
Ľ࣬ˣԷôѩ˵˸ʦڵʱ߶߶ᣬѧĺʱץѧϰǣҪѧʲôҲеˣ
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֣ĽСС;׬ôǮԼôСӼҼҵģôǮõġһ˭ƭô죿һһСĶô죿
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ĽЦЦ߸һ˵ء
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ƽֱͦ˼Ȼ뵽ӸԼĽ࣬ԼĽ֮ı仯
СѾͷƬӣȻǰһˣ
üɿһĨ죬ȴת˲ţֺǺһЦûĽ֮
ĶܰС㱻ƭˣҲġ˵ǰ治סһСô
ʲô˼
Ľֱӱ
˵Լ岻ظ˸Ůϵô
үҲ˱顣
ʲô
ƽȻû뵽˼ҷô󣬼æҡͷʾԼ޹
ûʲô˼Ǹոһ·ַھǶ˵ĵģϾӰе㲻á
ַھӣ˵ģ
ĽЦһмؿƽ
ôǲøңĸھӣĸַ˵ֻȥȥ˵˿綼ģҲ˵ʮ꣬ʮ꣬дһҵľдô
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ңҲµĲùҲǻ֮޸Ĺøɣ
ĽͲûֱ˵ǸЬˣ
ѩո˯ѣŶӽ˷ţôһ仰ʱɫһ䣬ָĽ࣬ŭ
Ľ࣬˵ʲôŲ˺죿				

63ŭ

ѩ֪ԼոѾˣƽԼϱԼʲô
˻ѵڳմ͡
ĽһѶݵʱմ󺣻һΪⶫĽոճȥġ
ùþס죬ôණǲе˷ѣ
ĽЦһ
ԼΪѩôȻò
ҡ
үүҲ֪ǮĲˣҪôĻҹǹ֮Ҫ⹫ǼͳԵġ
˳ѣĽơ
ơ
ⶫǴģ
淿˿
үⶫӽ㷿óġǴõģһǹǸҿ
Աߺݺݵһõĸ첲ȴһֻӿ
㣬ﰡ˼ֻʵʵ˵ⱾǽĶô
Ϊѵصͷ
ǰǡ
֪̫ܲãܸо˵ƺҲ̫á
ǻʲôǵģ㣬ⶫ㶼ûȥ㶼ġá
ĽЦе淵Դݸһǡ
淺ùԣȥɣ
ֻһӶѣĶ۵׷ɿظһĨĽ֮ɫǺܿҲת˲š
һ֮ҲõĽŲû߼ͱĽסˡ
淣ġǽ㣬Ҫչ˴ҵûǽ㣬ǷǺڰҪѧԼںϡ࣬ģĻô֪˭˭ԣ
淳ĬصͷԼĽż⣬ǵͨһƬ֮ſڡ
ԲҴˣ
ĽԴЦˡ
ûʲôԲģ֪㶼Ϊ˺ãȥɣ
ſںҧҧŲɿ˳ȥϴͯ
ۣ㣬㾹ȻŶ
ĽЦЦСá
ɵתͷˮմ󺣵ʱ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ңʲôʱܺúõģڣ
Ľ࣬㲻ùܡүүͷġ
Ȼ˼ô˵ˣĽȻֵ˦ƹ
ǣƽѩŵʱ򣬾ͷϰһѶ
ƽΪⶫմ󺣴͸ǵأгһɵմˮıʱһ⣬ʶתͷȥԼϱ
ȻѩɫЩ̫
պԼϱϱԼģԼѡģôһŶ塣
֣ҪԷˡϰôණ̫á淣淣ʰʰôôû
深˽һӵվߣϵĶ֪Ǻá
淵СҲ˽͵ǡ
ⶫ˽ġ費Ǻˡ
ѩ˴˼ʱžһ°ǵһӷһţָ淡
Ѿͷ˵˭أҲ㡣
淳ѩ˸æĽ
淾վѩԱߣΪ添ǰһԼ㣬ҲѾһѵ׼ɿöĽߣ֪ΪɶЩܣɻȥסѩ֡
裬ǳԷɣ
תһ»⣬û뵽ѩžһֱӴ˹̱ŭŮ
ԳԳԣô֪ԣôԼأҲ˼òԣ˵ųԡ
ίغ۾淼æȥάһͨæҡ
Ľ಻˵ʣǲ֪û
մ޿̣ٴصһӣɫָſڡ
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ѩͣЩġ
ΪôΪˡ
뵽ʶתͷһƽȴطƽıֱѿҪ
Щ㷲
֮ǰɷǧҧҧ꣬Щĵظմ󺣵Ǹ
֣˭˵ˣܡҪѾͷ̫ϲˣ֣㿴Ϊ˸ָ涼ӸһӣҪߣҲҿɣȻĻҹⱲӶҪҵˣ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ˵ģԼ۾۾ͨһƬ
ᵽȥϱմ󺣾ûƢ
һָϵĶ⾿ô¶
ֻǾúÿóƶѰ˵ˣĽСС·˷ѰϾʱ򳤵ÿ죬˵ýʹأ
ĽЦһ
ôǹùðĸҪ濴ң˵Ҵ˷ѣܴô
ѩӣԼҲģǴŶӣβˡ
ɫǺصĽࡣ
ңҴ˻СӰˣҿ·á
ĽЦˡ
ѩϵɶֱּ̡
ƫƫҲϲ޼ƿʩ
ΪϵֶŮүүŮ				

64²Ǻ

Ǻ
ѩ֪ԼոѾˣƽԼϱԼʲô
˻ѵڳմ͡
ĽһѶݵʱմ󺣻һΪⶫĽոճȥġ
ùþס죬ôණǲе˷ѣ
ĽЦһ
ԼΪѩôȻò
ҡ
үүҲ֪ǮĲˣҪôĻҹǹ֮Ҫ⹫ǼͳԵġ
˳ѣĽơ
ơ
ⶫǴģ
淿˿
үⶫӽ㷿óġǴõģһǹǸҿ
Աߺݺݵһõĸ첲ȴһֻӿ
㣬ﰡ˼ֻʵʵ˵ⱾǽĶô
Ϊѵصͷ
ǰǡ
֪̫ܲãܸо˵ƺҲ̫á
ǻʲôǵģ㣬ⶫ㶼ûȥ㶼ġá
СЦе淵Դݸһǡ
淺ùԣȥɣ
ֻһӶѣĶ۵׷ɿظһĨĽ֮ɫǺܿҲת˲š
һ֮ҲõĽŲû߼ͱСĽסˡ
淣ġǽ㣬Ҫչ˴ҵûǽ㣬ǷǺڰҪѧԼںϡ࣬ģĻô֪˭˭ԣ
淳ĬصͷԼĽż⣬ǵͨһƬ֮ſڡ
ԲҴˣ
СԴЦˡ
ûʲôԲģ֪㶼Ϊ˺ãȥɣ
ſںҧҧŲɿ˳ȥϴͯ
ۣ㣬㾹ȻŶ
ĽЦЦСá
ɵתͷˮմ󺣵ʱ̲ס̾Ϣһ
ңʲôʱܺúõģڣ
Ľ࣬㲻ùܡүүͷġ
Ȼ˼ô˵ˣĽȻֵ˦ƹ
ǣƽѩŵʱ򣬾ͷϰһѶ
ƽΪⶫմ󺣴͸ǵأгһɵմˮıʱһ⣬ʶתͷȥԼϱ
ȻѩɫЩ̫
պԼϱϱԼģԼѡģôһŶ塣
֣ҪԷˡϰôණ̫á淣淣ʰʰô
ôû
深˽һӵվߣϵĶ֪Ǻá
淵СҲ˽͵ǡ
ⶫ˽ġ費Ǻˡ
ѩ˴˼ʱžһ°ǵһӷһţָ淡
Ѿͷ˵˭أҲ㡣
淳ѩ˸æĽ
淾վѩԱߣΪ添ǰһԼ㣬ҲѾһѵ׼ɿöĽߣ֪ΪɶЩܣɻȥסѩ֡
裬ǳԷɣ
תһ»⣬û뵽ѩžһֱӴ˹̱ŭŮ
ԳԳԣô֪ԣôԼأҲ˼òԣ˵ųԡ
ίغ۾淼æȥάһͨæҡ
Ľ಻˵ʣǲ֪û
մ޿̣ٴصһӣɫָſڡ
˺֮⣬ϸҹʲô죬ҿõĺܣҪǿöࡣҹ꣬ϲҲǡ
ѩͣЩġ
ΪôΪˡ
뵽ʶתͷһƽȴطƽıֱѿҪ
Щ㷲
֮ǰɷǧҧҧ꣬Щĵظմ󺣵Ǹ
֣˭˵ˣܡҪѾͷ̫ϲˣ֣㿴Ϊ˸ָ涼ӸһӣҪߣҲҿɣȻĻҹⱲӶҪҵˣ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ˵ģԼ۾۾ͨһƬ
ᵽȥϱմ󺣾ûƢ
һָϵĶ⾿ô¶
ֻǾúÿóƶѰ˵ˣĽСС·˷ѰϾʱ򳤵ÿ죬˵ýʹأ
ĽЦһ
ôǹùðĸҪ濴ң˵Ҵ˷ѣܴô
ѩӣԼҲģǴŶӣβˡ
ɫǺصĽࡣ
ңҴ˻СӰˣҿ·á
ĽЦˡ
ѩϵɶֱּ̡
ƫƫҲϲ޼ƿʩ
ΪϵֶŮүүŮ				

65´ɼ

ƽһֱ֪Լϱܴǲ֪ԼϱȻԴ̶ֳȡ
ңԼҪռĽĶͷȥԼõϡ
Լ棬һ˦ȥˡºģҲֻ̡ܴ
ɣ˵ˣԼһѩմ󺣾͸ҴԼ
ԣٴΡͨһһ
֣ԲǧҵĴҪҪĻҰɣѩ޹ء
մ󺣱Ūã˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǣնʱ
ĽվԱɲ˵
ʵԼմ˵ô޷ǰ˸ߣɾݵģĳôҹ·ߣѩôиʲôһ޶
ңǵüүү̺иز۵ĺӣѩ֮ܳ裬ҲΪǸһգǶеֲ
ĽţǱѩͺ۾ȥƽ
㲻ҪǼҺãĺӾҲѣˣ
仰մ󺣵ʹ
۵׷ɿػһĨްĹâ֮ЩǸεؿĽһָۣʹ淰ѶõĽķ棬ָѩԼ¡
һ극߰ɣСѩĽĶĽôҲٹܵġ
ĽҲЦ
ùãһֻһӡ·ˮʲôģһҪСİ
ѩɫ˱䣬Ĳ鲻Ըصͷ
뵽ԼĽ淭Ķ滹ЩĽʣĻûضйֻܷйϡ
һٷԵ˲ð
Ľ鲻ãϷ˲óԣھ淳ţһҵļɹ׵Ժ
մҲûԶ٣ôŮĿڵûкúý˵ʲôѾˡ
ĨĨͣһҲݡ
ƽѹúøѩһοΡ
ֻЩǶǺÿǲֵǮǰǸŪ֣ʱ򻹲ҪʲôʲôĽ׬Ǯʲôôպô
ѩƽ˼Ѫһ˲ԭѪ־ظƽʾԼ֮һԼƢһǶŪ֡
ҪĻֱʰҪͺôϾĶҿŮŵ֡
ƽЦһ
ٵʲôã˭ֶɵذⶫ׳ʲôЦ
úѩһ֮ͨŷĵ뿪
ģȻ䣬˲١
зڵŵ淺ֱĽ໳㣬ЩЦڵĺӣ۵׶ٴŵĽ
Ľ뵽ǰڹ¶ԺʱԼÿο溢ŵ̻ܲĽ
ɵԼ֮׬Ǯ֮󣬺ʧȥȤ
벻ڣȥںòã
һ߸ߡ
ҪҪҪ
ȴΪѵĿĽ࣬᲻鷳
ĽЦǺǵ淵ԴЩᡣ
ССĺѾȫˣǸĻôŵҲҺãȻĺûгᡣ
û£߰ɣ
Ľǲڵģɼܲס˻ᰡ
ͽոӦſȸģƫƫ겻ֵ꣬úܣһСǶۼһһȾƣһԺȣһ߸衣
ԭЩ֣Ѻȶ֮²
ϴֶŮ¶Ϊı뷨ǼܣһһŪǸﻰȰȫ˵ǰչֵܡжá
ɱˣһûңͱ˳Ҫҹ㡣
Ұ߳ġһôԼҺӶҪô

˵ŻǹȴĬ
ĽԼ֪ʱѾôô
׻˵˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
˵Ľ࣬ǱĽ˾ѾվǼſڡ
ⶼûһأôѾȶ˰
ĽţոջԺݺλƵսĽ࣬˸Ĵָ
ȻǶС
ǣⱲϴ磬Ҿˣ

ͺ˰ɫ
ʲô粻ģȶ˾͹ȥ˯ʲô
üͷߺ͵ͦô¶ġ
壬ģ鲻ô
ûôֹô鲻ã
ƫƫͦζģԼôһˣȴƫƫôСΪԼ۱
ûû£㲻Ҫڼôǡ				

66¹ܺ

ܺ
֪ǰСѩŮ֮ﻹʲôģ
Ľ֪ͿˣҲûнͣЦеʹҪڣ˵Ҫӳȥűڡ
仰֮ҲűʾҲҪȥš
кڳôģ
һ˸ϻؼ֮Űѷıȡ˳ݸĽһ֣Լʾôűڡ
ĽСʱ¶ԺֶȻûȵǮʱ򣬹Ұ䲼˷ȼ̻̣ʵҲе±ơ
͸һ˵һȼ㣬Ȼְ
ֵĽǷš
㣬Ȼڵо׼֮ӡסô
Ľɹһ֮󣬺֮ܵһ˲ʧ
СԾԾԵ˽ıҪţĽҪͼ淺ݺݵһ
ϲ
Ľ໹ЩǱһһڷЦζֹס
ĽҲЦˣܴôǾ޹ġ
淽չˣԼ淵Աߡ
ô㲻ô
淿һ𾢶ã̲ס
Դ
ңҺ£
Ľ룬ùͻ棬ССͣԭĶͲ࣬ǵȵԺŴ˾͸ԼһʧȥСʱͯȤ
添Ǻ£û취֮£ְֵֻܱؽʲôʱȼʲôʱӣʲôʱ䡣
ܿ죬ԺһֵЦ
湻ˣҲˡ
ĽԭϾûôԷ滹дûĶȥ֮ǰĽˮȸһĸԷ
壬Ҳԡ
淿Աչǣµؼ˵ͽӷŽ档
Цͷ
ŹͰǰĶ꣬϶ʱһĨ΢ЦſʼжͶιͶι
混ֺ棬ԼҲ׷˹ȥι
Ľ࿴һĻ̲סЦ
ɫԽԽѿĽ෢źš
ĽҲþա
ˣˡŹǹɣȻȥƾͱˣǣԵ㣬ȥ֮󣬼ûôණǳԣ
ӶһۣæͷԷ
֮ǰͽסĽǼֱ˹ȥ
ĽüͷһҲûиЦеӸͰꡣ
ǵһιõȻУ˵ذ꣬һЦز𿪡
۵״ЦЦ
ѾˣǵĽأѲɻûӶ²ɣ
ڽԼ
Ϊӣݸ굱ȻûʲôãĽʹʹ˵һѼ黰ùĿɿڴ˵
ĽһЦﳤȥ·ȴ׷֮Ĺϵ
Һʲôϵأ
롣
ϲ壬ϲ㣿
ĽʧЦһ淵Դ
СӼҼҵģʲôأҲ˵ˣǵ壬֮ĹϵӦñȰι̰ɣ
໥໥ȫ
Сüͷ
Ѿһˣոչ忴Ž˶һ
添붫ĽЩЦ
⺢ӲŶһ
壬ֶŮһġ֪ô
ƶǶص˵ͷ־ò˼顣
ôõˣΪʲôܺ͹һأ
뵽ԼոôľٶôϸĵָԼİְֶҪá
ְÿ˺ȥɻ
ϲְ֣ϲ塣
ֻǣֻһֱ棬˭û˵Աûûε淡
Ľಢ֪һҹͺһӣԼС˺ۼʱƣѿïʢ
ռҡ
ĽൽҾͼ˻ռҵƽѩ
մȴ֪ȥӰ
Ľſ淣ǻȥ䡣
øҪôڻȥĻܸһ׼һԷ
ƽεش֡
Ľ࣬ҲߡùòģǾòõĻڿȥסдҲȥ˼ҽסô
Ľˬصͷ
ðȥ
ǡ
ûǮ£
ôҪˣ
Ի˵꣬Ľͽض̸֮
ʲôûǮôԹø㲻ֱӻؼұȽϺã
ѩ˵Ҳ
Ľ࣬㾿ûһζ֪ûǮ֪ʲôҪǮǼƽô
ƽüͷһ壬鲻õؿѩ
ѩô˵ĽأһСӼҼҵģﶮôࣿǶǮƾʲôǰûϵûطסĻҾպһϾС
ٲȻһȫίȫģ				

67۵Ҫ

۵Ҫ
ѩ۵ҪĽȴЦһ
ˣΪԼСһƭô
ǾԼմ󺣿߿֮
ʲôЦ
ôøҪպϵĻǾʹպϴպ£ȻҲ̫żʲôģļ˵ĻùõʱҶûˣ
־һӣݺݵƽϡ
ȻҲûʲôģЩУޡָҰԼϿׯأ
ôռҳ£
Ľ뿪֮ϸѩʾԼҪؼҡ
ѩжԸӣһ㶼йִ
ûϵⶼǸѾͷĹҪռһؼҡ
ƽЩ꣬Ҫ˦ѩֵĺӻ£ʱմ󺣻ˡ
մǱȽϳѩûҲ⣬ȻԸռҼƽϽߡ
ѩմǾԼֱӳȥһѵӣԼĲϡ
ǲ˵ҪôҾͲˣסһôˣǰ˭ˣðҲУϾѪ
Ľžͱǰ澪ˡ
Ůˣ治֪Լô⣬Ķô죿ô죿
ʱЩôаŶʲôʲô

Ľ໹Ȱ˵ѩСһûվȣһͳԱߵȥɲƫУеĲ˵һ˲أĽűϣűһʹʶȥ̧š
ƶѩһ󸹱и˵ȻǸѶȶ
һûվȣλƵڴҴʧɫһƨն˵ϣžİ
ѩһһŶڵͷ
ӣҵĶӣʹ
Ľɫһ䣬óԼʦ֮ǰĽ룬˵ԼйѨλϣɽŸող룬ͱżæŵѩݺݵذεһͳĽ˹ȥ
Ľ۾ضż룬ûע⵽ѩĶƴ˸š
ѩȻûɹʲôɵǴˣ־
Ҳ
Ľ౻ǰһڣûιȥ
մҲɫһ䣬æǰסĽ࣬ŭԱѾԭصƽ
㻹ŸȻҪĽβϹȥҽԺﶪۡ
ƽȻҲѩµһ̲ѪҲ˲æֱشҽԺܡ
֮մ̾ϢһĽࡣ
Ľ࣬û¶ɣȥ
ոԱ߿ѩһƲû֡
Ľ˻ԼЩγԴ˦մ󺣵֣ϵ͵ڵ϶£ʼѰҵļ롣
ͿˣΪʲôûأ
մ󺣿ĽҲŶ£ü
ʲô
ĽԳһЦȻתͷֱֱؿմ󺣡
ҺȻҴˣЩ飬ҲĴġʦ˵ҽΪβ˵ġûиңҾȵ˲ֵþô죿
룡
մźȻ뵽ոѩһִԼϰӳȥĽ룬˲úĽ˵ʲôæһæҡ
ȴĽؾܾ
ҵ飬ҿԼҡ
մһ㶣ŮĮȻı飬ֱӣɬ
ңңȥѵذһ¡
Ľ֪ԼûȨȥմ󺣣ίȻҸйߡ
һֱڰһе淺մȥɨѵʱ򣬷ɿ˹һĵؿĽࡣ
㣡㲻Ҫ
㣬ǲҪˣ㲻ҪްҲˣ
ĽѵóһĨЦݣҡҡͷǵա
û£ֻе㡭е㲻ѡ
մͼĽѾһʼ˵˵ЦЦˡ
ݺݵһתͷذϵһ̲Ѫ֮ϷɿػһĨ֮ɫ
ֱ⣬Ҫξ
һֱϳŵŮһʱ֮ôܷ£
䣬ϵӣôܲŲʣ
ѩһֱҪһӵġ
մҪĽ˵仰ɿǺӵӣǱ͡
ֻһжûз
ҹ˾
Ľ˯淺淣ŵˮȾմ
ķ䲻ʱӷ̾Ϣ
˱۾Ȼ֮ЩĽѩ
ƣ¶Է飬ɻ˵ġ
Լĸĸأ
Լ᲻ҲվԼߣ
ţ¶һ˲ʴеĸй񾭣Ȼ
ңһ֣Ҫƾ֣
ʱԶũȴá
裬úó԰ǼԺòã
ͲգźĴ۾СǸ˺͵⡣
椼ҶûôóԵĶأ
ӵԴƢЦŵͷ
ĵģԣ				

68һؼë

ٺһЦҡҡͷ
ǴһԡԣְֳԣСҲԡ
ոսŵݡ١һЦ󲽹Ŷϲ
ðǵС壡ҲСһ
ݺݵصͷ
СˣϲС壡
վԱЦ
ռСĺӣʱǷһ𣬵˶֮û¾͹Ŵӡȵ֮󣬸Ǳݴŵ棬˹ϵõĺܣԼɷ򡭡
˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
ĲƿӽţͿЦֵĳ棬ʱüͷһ壬鲻ơ
أûһˣģֺʲôӣ
Ĳԭһ֪ʶӣϼһĥ˾Ƭ۾ΪӪհݣʱһ壬˲١
æȡ
ֺĲһ˰˰ɣ³ԷĽǼĵĶո軹˵Ҫأ㳢ͦóԵġ
Ĳ˿ϵɢŨŨζˮڣüŭ
֣̫ˣû˹ţֱҪˣⶫΪʲôڼֳԣǾٿѣҲôһ𣬱Ȱֺöˣ
ԭأϵЦһʧ
һ˲併㡣
üͷõؿԼҴ硣
磬Ǹﰡôֶ֪Ůûиأ˵ûҲԶĸĸѵӦֵøô
͸㲻ˣһ£ΪʲôҪϸߡ
ȻСҲ˻ˣҲŵͷ
أܺá
ոջ˽ܸأ
Ĳɫһ䣬ЩǷҪʱսԼô
һô
ŭһӣŭ
ҹŮô˵Ͳˣ֮ǰ˵żҲˣ񵹺ãŪôⶫȫǮôҵÿԺ󻹲óҽӼã
ֻҪгҽӼһ죬Զڳǰ̧ͷ
ΪҲʣҲΪŮʣĲô֪꣬ܲĲ˼
ң໥һôˣⶫ˵Ľʱ˼л񡣲ǸǼˣǱҲУǱҲС
ʲôָժģ
Ĳɫֱ䡣
ҲУһѾűꡣ׷ô죿֮ǰôѧ׷£ѵǼٵôţھҪţʵʵذⶫȥ
ĲҪ䣬ȴЦݸסˡ
üꡣ

ָϵ
磬Ҫ˵ĻҲǲԡǸոһѾˣ㲻簴гǮ˼ҰɣаǱҲˣǱ˵ҲˡһɣǼϴ㶼˵㡣ҺͶɩԼС
ĲüͷļֱԼһֻӬ
Ǯ
˫һ̯εʼ
취˭Ľĵ㲻Ǿ˵Ӳ̸֮Ľ˴£ɲĴô
ϣĲﻹ֪ܵܵ˼
һһ˦ӣŭؽ棬һΡ
ԼΧȹϲ˲֣ǿسСЦЦ
ԲǸأ㲻Ҫϡ
Цһ
ɩͱˡҶ羿Ǹʲôˣ֪ܲ;Ľ˶ԼϹҲסôǱʮĽ໹⣬ҿҪúóԵ㡣żһֶŮⶫó
Ա߸̾ҲЦ
Цݵһ㷸ࡣ
ĽǺӣôǵһϵҲԹԵİɣ
ӵԴ𽥷
ǣԲסŮ
ͬһʱ̣߽
ˣ
ĬںͲӵʿһӣͼ˳س˽æ
֮ԼĿĽ㡣
Ӫӵɲֻһ
ô䣬Ҳ˿Σ֣״ؿڡ
ȥ
ɲС
İɶ
ﲻ֪ʲôһŴȺôЦ
ޱתɨǱһȺˣȵҵЦȻֹʱŽӹ˰õԼ칫򿪡
ǰŵģʮ滹װŸĸ׸Լдš
һд淢һЩ飬Ȼ˵ⶫĽ͵ģﻰⶼаĽ˵˼
ҡҡͷΪЩԼİǴɲء
Сʱĸ׶Ƚæ˵Ǵģ㶫ǮӦá				

69ּ

ּ
ԼϱԼֽЩԾ˶˼֮֮⣬˲һ˵֡
ɾǨDDĽ࣡
磬ĽǺ̫ˣ㲻֪·ǡôȱůַ㡣趼˵רŸи·Ժι̶ܴҲ¶šкӵ·ӣԼ棬Ǵ޵Ĳ治֪һСŪġ
磬һֱסţûлؼҡҲ˵Ҫһؼң˵˵ûĽۼСڳ˸ɵĺãԺ˵ƷˣɰѴɩʵģ۴糳һܣˡ

ܣ㼯һݣ󲿷ֶǸСŮ
ء
Щˡ
ǸС񾿾ʲôӣ
˼칫ҵűÿ
Ѿʼ½ˣ㲻Եô
ͷĬϵţ룬ǰĹĶһȥô°ǼӲˡ
ۣĺܵصǳһ˵֡
°೤һⶫֿ˻۾ֱŹ⡣
Ҳɻ󲻽⡣
ǼŮģܵصô
ûǴĻϼǱߺû˾ֶԡ
°೤߸ߵĴָ
ôصɫ󣬻⴦
ַĸһһģζһҸǾ֪ˣ
°೤ôһ˵ҷ׷¡
ӵļӣԽӵ˶ҲҪһٳһٺõġ
ôż೤ҲЦЦɿСȥϴвˣԼְһ˹
ܿ죬ζ硣
֮ǰһֱԼԳʳûʲô뷨ĳҲ̲סһڿˮ
㣡
㣡
Ȼ֮󣬺ܿ챻һա
ûãͷ֣ԼԵȻ
ֵܰİŻˣʲô㣬ҿɳˡԵĻǶĶٸһ㣿ģг۸
ġƽʱǹϵòǣҵͺһڣ㲻ѶҰɣǲǵãϴǸҼĹĲЬһһ˫أ
һֱָԱӦòܾҰɣ
ݺݵһ̾ոհȫľٶʵǡ
ԲˣŮáܸô࣬ҾѾˣ
˭֪˭
ǼĲһ˻ĸ˾һϱʾǮ⣬ƱҲ⡣
˵⻰ˣȻ
Ҳûиǿ˼ֻ˵ͷȥ籨ĻǻͷٸǮ
ҵõĴ𸴣һ˸߲ҵˡ
֮ڲԳǸչˣȻ
Ҫᡣ
ȫҾһĳҡ
СæýŲմأһֱȵҹŴӳ˻
̶һ¹˾̥һ㣬Ȼ֮ǰĻ龢΢۵ȴ˳ȣ˲
˳ܸˣС̾á
֣裬ɩӵܵǣҸոոԻǶ˰ɣ
СЦŰԼոûᶵݸĸף֧䡣
ϴЦЦŭ
⺢ӣôȥһʱĽѧˣͶǲ֪Ľ֮ǰ͵Ķݸװˡ
СٺЦŲ̨
Ķ˰úأҪ˵Ľ͸ðҲŪȥʱĶǸࣿ

˻һ澲˾
ֱĺĺ
ǰ·ΪСϰͳƽһܣûҡ
öӽϱһˣòȥûóƽȥˣ׼ĸ˴Ŷʱȥ
ʱ·ڴסˣԼ˴ȥˡ
ֻųСǾȵģ滹Щζ
֮ǰǰ֮Ҳ˵ʲôֻεЦЦʢ˻⡣
Աߵķ۵׻һĨЦ
ɩ಻塣
Լֻ˼ʲôȴԼʲô
Ȼûȥͣ
̤ʵȻûʲôնԴɩ෬ݡŴɩͶҲ
ֻϧĲ
䳡͸ЦЦ
С۹ã˿ɹĺأϴȥ̳ûأǼұ͵СԺأҲ֪Сֲ⡣
ѾԽԽˣ֮ǰȥҽԺˣ˵˫̥
Ŷӣһĸ
˷Ĳƴڻڻת
ʲôȺϽ泩أ
·žͼЦˬ죬Цݵôһӡ
˽е꣬ޱ˽ȥ
ģֶ֪ģæȥһڹ
ɩˣ
·üͷ塣
Ǹ
ڵǰͷô
šüܿ˷֣ޱǰײ˷һ¡				

70


ֻ桰ˡһصһŮˡӴĲҽԼΧ˾ʧ뼱æܵĶ
·пһԺһգתͷԼ󿴹ȥеٿȻһɣĴײء
ɴʱȻûܹ˵˵ıˣ··ǮǮȫжֻܿʣһˡ
ХĺԴհһƬ·ٿȻѹҡҡͷ
ҲǹģĲǹġ
ϡ
ĽڴŸһ̾ϢһǷ͹ըһܡ
޿̵մȥҽԺ
մЩȡ
үүǵôϾŮ˾ȥ
Ľɰ׵Сϣ֮ǰͮͮİӡʱѾһƬɷֲ
մ󺣵ĺȻһܵۡ
үүһְ
ȥˣȥ˯ɣ鶼ĴԼĻҲֵزȥ˯ɣҲ˯ˡ
ĽͷȻһĨů⡣
ʵЩʱֻһ̵Ļůڵġ
үү˵˯ʵô˯ţ
ĽǿҪ£մ󺣵𴲴¸ȥҽԺ
ҽԺ
ƽתֱ֮ӭ

֣ѩûг˵иһô죿˺Ӷô죿Һú¡
մҲһ⣬ͣһ¡
ôڶûгҽôҽǱ߾ô˵
ƽЦҡҡͷ
ҽҸûֻһѪˮˣ۾ֱκ
ĽվԱߣ侲һ
żҲ޼£ֻŵˡ
ʮҹ֪ҽԺֵҽм
Ľû뵽ǣǻûеȵѩȵȵ˿ͻͻͻĳһˡ
Ľ֮һμǾ
Ů˵ϲ
ֵףУ֮һֱܹƽƣԼ֮⣬ҲܸɵϱѲϵ
裬Ԥڲǻô
˻һҵɫҲű˱䣬û˻ش
ĽȺ֮лһȦ֮󣬷˵ǸӰж
ֻһֵҽѩû˿ڿָ
Ľ࣬㲻ѧҽô㲻迴Ӵһ·ʱ䶼Ѿôˣʲôô죿
ҽ
Ľûи˵Ű
ֻҽûгҽҲֻҽóСȥѽùһóСȥ֮ǰҽԺ
Ǹҽ
ԼǵãǸҽסϡ
ܿ죬
ĽȸѨλȶǱҽ
СȻ̫ףҲӣܿҽž¼ҴҵؽҽԺһ֮󣬺ݺݵһ
ҽôˣ
СһֽѨĹ˵ãȻ˹Ҳ췦ˣСҪҪҽȥһ
ҽԺֲĽȻͬ⡣
Щ֮󣬶Ľĸм֪֮һߵմ󺣺ƽе΢
˭֪ѩڵ֮ĽҲ
˸жµģѩأ
ֱӰ˽벻˵һĽһ⣬ǴİӡСš
˶ӵŮ߶ϱûȥЩеûġ
һֱ洫һӤմ󺣺ƽŶæȥǱߵŻʿ
ڣУһʿһССӤ˳
ССģͿҲģһ˵İƴôһ㡣
ƽЩż
ҽҽŮк
źӵĻʿüͷһ壬۾ֱĶƽ
λͬ־ʲô˼񶼽Ůƽȡǲ滹ʲô⽨˼룿Ҫ
˰ȥúϿβУ
ƽɫһ䣬æҡͷ֡
ǵġϲŮϲŮ
˵֮ڰָŻʿĺӣǿļһЦ
ӾкŮ
ʿеĺӵݸƽ
㲻ϲŮôȻŮˣ
ƽϵǿЦˣ۵׵ʧԶ׼
ܣڷȴϲѶ
ĸƽ˫̥к
ųϲԽЦݣƽٵͷԼͬèһĺӣһ
ѩһزãȻҲֻŮ				

71²


Ҳ˵泣˺ƽǾô룬ҵķڴϽĽ֣һм
Ľ࣬лл㣬Ļӡ
˵ڣͱĽЦеؽס˻⡣
˵ɶԭһˣôҸʦѧҽΪβ˵ģ˵ллҪллĻлл´򡣡
ԱߵҽĽڰ֡
ллҸ޾ϸģҲվԱ߸׳ѡ˵ˣһСӶ֪лѲһҪлңôˣ߲ߣ
һ仰ѴҶ˵Цˡ
˫̥Ľų´˵˲ڼӦע飬ȴ⵽˶Է²ۡ
Ȼûи˿ɲСϴε˴ĶãʱעⲻǴô
Ȼ˵ĽģȴҲ˵ġ
ǸˣȻ֪Ľ֡
Ľ࣬ġε飬ܲҽҪôҾô
Ľ֮ǰĹûǱ˵ЩΡ
Ҳֻûⷽľ飬óүү۶ѡ
˳ûоʹ࣬Ժܿ˳
ѩȴһǵ̥Ϊ̥λ˳һʱҽ֪ͨҪʸڶϸһȻѾ˳˻зϡ
˸߸˵ӣĽǱĹΧš
ƽߣγǿҵĶԱȡ
ƽϲӣ۲ĲذѺմ󺣣ԼҪȥѩŪԵĺǺ󼦵ɿؿ
Ľûڣֱը
մ󺣵һϰΪȰ˵Ľ֮࣬Щֵҡͷ̾
Ľ࣬Ҳ֮ǰҽԺ˵кôȻŮأ
Ľݺݵط˸ۣŬԼҪ
һ㡣
ô侲
ŬӸմ󺣡
ΪŮƽȣҽԺиͼ⺢еŮġңŮôˣ淺淲ҲͦõģѵŮӾӦñô
մҡҡͷ
ŮʼҪˣǱ˼ҵˡֻкſԴڽӴ㻹Сס
ĽԭضţʾԼҪЩ
ùùüһֱкΪֹ
ԭĽֻһɿմ󺣾Ȼˣʱҭ
ˣøЩŰ˽Ͼ
ǳ˳źӵմ󺣣ЦĹϲ
մɫεӦų˳ĺӣж¶һĨĽ֮ɫ
ʱһĳ֮жȹˡ
մҽԺһ϶ûеȵԼĺŮ׼ĺǺͼ
ӷ֮׼˶Ƿһݣմһж¡
ɺþ
ѩ֮󣬷ԼŮɷʧʱڲϿ޵Ъ˹ֹ
ǵøոճĺҲߺؿ޵ĸèƵģѩһᷳ
Ϊ޵̫󣬸ոշͺõ˿ڱߣ賿ոմƳѩֱܿ˽ȥ
ĽӼ淺淣ŷйʱ򣬾ͼСվſڵմһƣΡ
ĺӣֱϱǷµծ
⹫⹫ǵСô
մ͵ͷ
ֻǣԸ⺢ǸкӣԺѩµӻùһ㡣
ùأ
մ󺣰Ѹոշ˵һ飬ĽȻԶԡ
ǣ
ùûԼġ
֮ķϲô٣磬ѩŴ汻˳
淺淿Ų˯ŵѩЩսľ
淳˳Ľ·
㣬֮ǰһֱ˵һСܵܣСã᲻᲻ˣ
Ȼᣡ
˵ĻҲٰԼڽҽԺ
մʹˣһҹû˯ûþЩήҡ
Ľүүȥ˯մ󺣻ЩĽѩҽԺ
үүùֻ̡Ҫˣôġ
Ҫմ󺣰淴ҽԺߣ˵ҽԺϸ̫࣬ײҲ˵ѩ
մ֪ⲻûпܣʹصͷӦ¡
ѩѹʱɫѾ΢΢ڳ
֣֣
۾һȦûˣʱһ
ĽˮţͼѩżƿҪ´ʱһæȥס

ĽࣿôҰأ
ĽǿӲذ˰ڴϣЦһ
ˣﰾһϻ㻹Ҫﰾô
ѩһ㶣۵׺ȻһĨ
ǲǽҲﰾһҹڻؼϢˣ				

72ը

ը
ĽɵشŮ˵Ļ롣
治˼ʧˡڿŮʱѾˣ
ܣܣ֮ǰ˵еŮĶһ
ôڿ֮ͽҪ׼ͺΪ뿪ˡ
ѩתͷϵĺǺͼݺݵһ
ãûΪŮ
˵⼦ͺǹøĻǾʹشˡ
ѵǣ
ҶҲ˺ӣһһ˫̥еġⶫڵ֪Ҳ˵ʱġҪĸлֻҪ
ҪҾС
ʲô˸ģ
ǲǽ֪мͺ֮ûҪˣ
ѩ˼Ľɵشơ
Ȼġø˵滹£ˡһҽԺ
ܵġƭҵģƭҵġ
ĽЦһʼ硣
ƭ㣿ôƭ㣿ҿԼƭԼɣԼôģ֮ǰôԼڽң
ѩɥ𾪱飬Ľ๴ǣսѩĶߣڡ
ԣЩԹ֪ô
ƽҪ㣬ǻԳͷ㡣㲻ԹĻƽҪ飬ҿԱ֤үүԲվߡ
ѩ˵ʲô飬һ㡣
ڶĸص˾ܶԡ
ѩȻҲףҲǿɽ
һɣĽҪմ󺣴淹ʱҲɵģˡ
֣ôлл㡣
˵֮ѩ̧Ľ࣬Ϻдš˰ɡ뷨
Ľͷѩ˵ϵĶǺԺ
̵Ķóԣ˵ѩ˸һɶֱӱСŮʼι
ģƨ˵
Ľ⡣
մ󺣺ܲ졣
Ľմ󺣣ʹӼϹ·ײ˸棬ǡ
á
·˿Ľ࣬۵׷ɿظһĨ֮ɫǿЦŵͷȻĴҴҵؽ˸ڵĲ
ŷӡ
ĽЩظ˹ȥͿ·㷲ظһĻ
˫̥ܹԤڷĿԾͲ˵û£֪·ǹҲûмƽϣ˵ĻҪ˵
ɩ֪ʱ治̫Ҳ̫ľ룬ڴ
֮⣬ļ鲻һˮƽ¾Ǵ飬ҲԼĿǡǵģǻûзּңҪ˭ô
Լһѵˣ·ϻЩҲסڲɫ԰׵ķ뵽˺ɷ䵭ǿЦŵͷ
ǣ˵ǡ
Ҳûϸֱ棬Ϊȥˣܰοȥϸ·ҲӦˡ
ǻҲ˵ˣҲˣ·վڰؾǲߡ
Щɻ
ɩǲǻʲôҪ˵
ܲܰȰȰ磿ǼҲĵģ絽ڶ
ҡң֪ˣҲ˵Ǹǡ
ӣϣŷ֡
㲻֪֮ǰӹĲáң˵Ҳ粻Ҫˣңҳ֮⣬Ҳûбĵطȥˣ
·һֶθˡ
ԣʲô
֪˵ʱ򣬾ͼĽ˽һק·ŷ֡
裬˵⻰ʲô˼֪֪Զ˴´˾Թǲ֪ģΪʹ˾ʲô岻ĹϵأԲںǶأ⹫أûпǹЩ

类˵ͷһƹһ㣬·һ㵵ؿĽࡣ
㣬ʲôûС
ǣûֱ˵ǻ˼ôңǸģæģĻûǮʳô
Ľʵ·ӶûˣճվԭأԼָ֮Żڡ
ǣǣѾͶ·ˣûϲңû˴ңķǶˣҡ
꼸Ҫˡ
Ľෳط˸ۣжಣģ
ûҾǲԣ
̫ҪϢ
һʱ䣬˶ſţһֱȵϲһػȥȥ˯
·һ㶣֮Щã
ô
һȥ˯ˣȻΪҶ				

73Űæ

·ı飬Ľ໹ʲôģ
ҪȰ⣬ͼѾ˷нţҴҵ˸ڱܿ
˵ףҲ˼ҵļ¡
˵úǳҵŮǵա
ԼôռߵһƬƽ;ĥҪȥѩ˵˵Ů˿ڵĳСûֵĻᡣ
Ľֵɣ齻մ󺣣ԼÿֻҪʱ̷ȥҽԺӵ˾С
ΪӶҪҽԺסա
մ˴ŸƼˣԷװƣôԸҽԺչиĸǹһˣĿһŮ֮˸ˡ
ƽƼˣǰûš
Ϊ⣬մҪǰԼµǮȫȡ˳ұĽ͵͵ȥڽ˵ҪźŮӣǮ
Ľֻ֪֪ڣѩûǮ鶼¶
ҲΪЩ£ԭ˵ĴڵǹֵġҲһǾϾʱȥҽԺų´ʵϰ
Ľ˵ֱһϲصĴ£ϲ¡
ҪʵʲԼѧĶѧã˵ֱǵ˯ͷ
Ǻܿģˡ
ţĽ̸Ϊʳüҵ飬ҪĽһΪʳá
ԽԼӲãҪöӹӹܡͲס㲻ʳһ£
Ľ֮ǰ͸˵Լ֮Ҫȥѧ飬ţҲ֪Լ뷨еǿѣʵҲ֡
ҪڣܶĽˡԷˣﲻ
Ľ룬ҲӦ
ѵʱţͶұû˵
ɹ֪֮ȴҪĽ͡
һ˾֮֮ǰǸֻڴѰҴڸеĶǺȻ˻磬úȻ֮ǰԸĶҲǵĳ׵ס
˵ФҼǸǿе㡭
ҡҡͷû˵ȥ
Ľ׼ЦеرʾԼῴŰġ
ͼԼû취תĽ뷨ֻܰݺǼַȥΪʳù䣬ΪĽ
Լӹ֮󣬾Ϳʼɻڳ棬Լ֮󣬾Ϳʼʦѧա
ԭҶΪҪɿһʱֻɻڿҿѧ֮Ҳûȥ˵ķϣͦչ˵ġ
еӻͷ𲻻
ͳúãߴ󣬼ﻹƷܸˣҲ˲١С޹ȥĻûйţֱӿԹܼңʡ˲顣ʱ˲Сۣǰﲨţǽ·֮鲻ʤö١
ֻϧһڹϣͺȱһҶһ²
ͣ˵һ¼ܲܽҿ
УǱ̵ܸ
ͣ䣬ܲܽ·һ£ϴ֮ͻ㡣
ܣ֪Ϊʲô·˵ˣ·㣬Ҵʲô
͡


һ⣬ваŮȫܾˣҾܾĺ飬ܾİ㶼ˮ
һС򲢲ܿ촫˳ȥ
ĽôЦ͸ֱУһӵҲᣬ˵ڸոƽϢ˷粨ݶ˼
ݶŮҲãͣҲͦ䡣
˸գſӵĹ򣬴Ӽ˼ͽռҵš
³Ϊ
ôĵĴͻȻ˼һЦؽţôҲģ˾֮ģס˴̽ŵӡ
ҹùأ÷磬л˵գ
ݶǺһЦĽȥŭЦЦ
㰡СӼҼҵģɶ˵ġÿȥù˵˵
ѩҽԺ֮ӣÿȻԵĶǳιӾιӣ˵ûУˣ˹æĽ˷Ž
㰡͹ﻹأҲƷѵġ
ݶˣȻѺû˵һһġ
ѩǸûĵģЦеţβ磬ͺû
ݶЩżòûɣ
ҧҧлֱ˵
ѩ㰴˵Ҳǿ㳤ġԴιҪһæ
ѩ۾һ
˵ɶ¶				

74º


ĽոմҽԺͱѩн˷䡣
ΪѩʲôҪæģû뵽ѩȻҪȥҹ͹
Ľüͷϸؿѩ֪Է澿ʲô㡣
ѩľģҲֻűʾй͹к¶
Ľţ
к£ѩ뵽ͣ˵ϴźȥƼƽȥˡ
ѽ˺ˡֲģôռŸⲻŽôʱ䲻ҺͺӣҲûءҪҼһȥô㲻Ҳ˵ˣҲ֪ˣ
ѩ˵ɷн¡
ԼԼ˵̵ԼȻֽڶҵõʵ˵Ųؼأؼɶõģ
Ҳģ˺ӣŻȥ϶ɫóԺúȺźɵӲҪأôҲõȵ£Ӳ֮ߡ
Ľ໹Щɣѩ˵Ҳ¶ѹͽ˹û뵽ѩ˸ľϲ
ڳæµ֮ȻѩȻŵرźӴķæ˹ȥסӡ
ĺúõôӣӲԺ󡭡
ѩЩͷػӻ֡
֪ˣ֪ˣôô˷
Ľ෭˸ۣЦһѺ
һ
ΪôԼţȥˣ
ող߳ţͼݶﲽĴҴҵ˽黹Щֲ
ĽʶתͷԼţȻس˽ȥҪѩһ߿š
ҲҺǼϷӣĲʵ
߿һж¶
ݶ滨ڴñӵԼ壬ڵվԱߣһĮĿһĻ
Ľ˽ָתͷؿѩһۣҪھͼݶ˽˹ȥȥ˴͡
ɱǧģŮҸƴˣ
ĽҪȴݶݺݵش˸첲ʱʹ¡üͷҧŴƺһ
ɫһ䣬ֱסݶص˦һߣǰһĽ໤
ȳȥ
£Ľôȥ
ӹվ˳ЦŻһ֮֡
һϷأֻǲ֪ⲿϷ˭ҹùãݶ㣿
ݶҧŴڱ棬˳䣬Ľʣӡ
֮ǰ˵ϲôոա
ޱҡͷ
Ҳϲ㡣
ĽȻ
Լµô
ɿһЩȻ
飬ȻܹϢݣֻϧ˵ѾûֻܰȵĿת͡
㲻ÿ֮ǰϲ㣬ںȻ֣ϲ㲢㣬ϲ˲ɵҾͷ֮ǰúȥ˵ǻлᡣ
ݶ˫ۣ涵ĿŹ͡
˵ģ
ޱصͷ
ĽվԱ߼ֱҪˡ
Ӵ仰һԼ˵ƤӶҪûУ
Ȼݶֱ֮Ӱìͷ׼Լ衣
Ĵ˵ģȻץҾܼ޸ˡĴ
ݶҲݶһŪЩĻŻţ׽ϵϷӦŭһ
ѾͷΪôΪ˭Ҳۿһ˸Ȣ㣿
˵֮תͷ͡
ͣҽ컹͸ˡŮȢҲȢȢҲȢ
Ȣ
ݶ
ĽЦЦվ˳
⻰˵ľ͹ˡҹݶʲô鶼ûзΪɶһҪȢݶأ
ҹŮˣåѩ㿴ǲѩ
̫Ծݶ￪ʼѰԮ
ѩ뵽ݶŵԼʮ飬
һȣھҪӦ£ȴĽվԱЦЦؿ
һ⣬ݺݵһĭ˽бŵĺӣɰͰ͵سǡ
ǸɣʵʵҲûûɶ
Ľ˶Էһӿɽ̵ı飬֮Цؼڡ
Һùùò֪飬֪˴ȥǿɵˣ˵ôҶñץߡ
ץߣ
ѩŵˡ
ץΪɶҪץ
Ľ๴ǣ°ͳݶ̧̧
ʴɣӹ֮ɳǱ߲ǶѾ˵Ҫɨƴô
ʲôϵ
ȻаݶģҰѹͽй֪˿ɲ˵ǹʱôרŸ͵֣
Ľ˵һ㶼û顣
˵ѩȴ˵ݶ
ѩĻݶɶ¥糾Ů				

75

ݶɫֱ䡣
Ľ࣬תͷͣɿԼ·ͷߡ
ݶżˣһסԼŵŮüҡͷ
Ǹɶ㲻һֱϲô㿴ȻҪ㸺ġģڣ
ݶŭˣһƿЪ˹ŭһ
ˣڿ˵ĶΪҺãΪҲ֪澿ôģ㲻ǿ˹ͼûˣԺ޹ȥڲôΪҺãͲԴۣͬͲᣬͲһ⣡
ݶ۾תͷؿ˹һۣͷҲص뿪
ûݶڣѩȻˮݶⷬȻûְģҲûﶺҴҵ뿪
ĽѹͷɿشӼߣԼºѩˡ
ҵĺùùãԭһӽùøġڿҵùøˣȻʲôʱѣǶڹأ
ѩ֪ܲĽϾ飬εسǡ
Ľ࣬ùҲһʱͿ㲻ҪùһʶòãûôСȥܿô֮ǰҲ˵ӵʱҪһСľͻ²ʲôġ
ӡ
һҪøأɲܾôˣ
Ľ෭˸ۣѩ˸Ҫ
˵óõֱǴ˸ƽţٲϱͺӵĻСԼҼ˾ˡ
Ľļ˾ˣƽȻǼġ
漸ǸũһѺ֣ĻܸɣȫԱֵĻƵƼȻǵĶ֣ԵڶգֱӴҴææĵϡ
մƽȻʲôɫ
ƽҲ֪ԼĲԣͷϴΣָԼ֮Žѩסķ䡣
ѩϲƽϲòˣҪȻҲᵱźŷҪ޸һׯҺ
ƽƱ磬̶̼仰Ĺ֮ǰһֱĽƴӵѩֱѱ䣬ѡվԼɷߣҶĽٰޡ
˼͵ѩĽЦеؿڣһĽģͺûѩָɣĻһ㡣
Ȼùú͹øǸأ
ѩ̧̧°͡
ߣǵȻøصľҡ֮ǰûֻΪҪæⲻˣ
ƽֵõͷӦ¡
ŶôȻĻùڼõǮƱøȨ֪ɣ
ƽ֮ǰܶ뿪δûⷽĴ㡣
ӳɱͱȽϴһŮӣǮȻ⣬ͲϱҶסأ
Ľ֮ɫϳ
ΪĽݸŵдڼлѡ
ôôࣿ
ʮ飿
˸ҲûôߵĹʰɣ
ĽЦЦ׼ֵݹȥһ
øɵĻȥ鰡֮ǰ˸ҿƱģơ
ĽѾ˵̶ֳȣﻹмٵģ
ƽЩֽȫԼĴ¿ڴ棬ǺһЦ
Ľ࣬㣬ͻøЦǶһˣʲôǮǮģ֮ĸ顣
ѩȻվƽΪɷ˵
ɣմ󺣴ѩȻһ״
ϧһֱмӵմһȴıʾĽô˵Ǿô
ƼҵģƾʲôռҵǮǮռҵģĽġбǾĽҪǮû£ԼԹԻǮ
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үү֪˼Ҳ֪ΪáүүģһʱˣУ⼸ҷǮƱ㶼š
մԵúˣĽճϷĶã˵ɫѾ˺ܶ࣬һɨصĻ׬ǮȻ࣬ҲǿԲˡ
ĽƴǣҲմ󺣼֣Ҳ˳µˡ
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ԷǺһЦҪסĽĸ첲ȴĽ಻źۼرܿ
Բ˲̫ϲ˽ӴûµĻˣҪϰࡣ
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ĽЦЦӲ磬ұʾԼҪϿˡ
ϴϣҪĽһߣ˵Ҫɻ
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￴Ų˵ļ۸񣬱һ
⣬ôô󣿡
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ƾʲôĽܳôõĶԼȴֻЩ
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ҴˣҲóЦĹΪ˲㣬ҽɻô
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ﻹΪԼˣĽ̹ģ淭˸ۡ
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СվӣͰ͵ؿڡ				

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ңͨ׼ϾҲͨ˳ٴģֺܿѴҵ˼еŵĿ档
֮ͣʦҲ̾ĿĽֱ࣬úá
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ҲһɣʲôĻеͷˣһ˵ľҲ߯ɢ˰ɣ
				

79С

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ϵ·Щƽ̹ǰۼһүү·ϵʯͷˣĵˡǲǿΪʲôΪʲôԺ뿪ϣҲܹǵ㼣

ǣһ仰ĸֻɢ
֮ǰЩ㷲ϾԼϽĵط֣˴𣬻ˡ
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ƲӵʱڶѧѧУ˳ʱǴݣҰǴӿαѧĶӦõʵ
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㻹˵Ľ˫ʱЩǼҿɸ˻Ǽүӣ˵ԹóԵˣôණӲһڶûгԵ죬ȫүӿˣ
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˵Ļ֤ûаԼˡ				

80ѯά

񱻺ŵĽʱͬѧڸС裬һȻ죬ɾʮ㡣
ǿűҴӵһĽ࣬ܲ
һӦñųô
Ϊʲôոս༶ʼͳ˴ĺˣ
Ѿ꼶ͷˣ

ż˧ѧһĽڣˮȪˮһ㣬ð˳
Ľ࣬㿴Ūǲǲ԰ΪʲôܾŪеббģеŤ
üͷĶݸĽ࿴һרȺ漷ҪԼеĶĽǰݡ
ҪΧĽѧҲԼʵԴ˵ǰƣ߲żȥǱ߾һֽѵ
Ȼ󣬸ոдõ־ǰķѡ
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ǣ
߸ߵ̧°ͣưĿڡ
ĽתԽȺǰĳóһ֮ǰѧУְѸո˺ƵĸдĶһ֮ÿӸҿ
֮ǰдģд˵ġŬ
Ҳӿ˹ָǰë˽
սָͬգļֱҪѪˡ
һдּǺԣдĻǰһá
Ҳί
ŬдϾҪƾѹĽһͷأ
Ľüͷ۵״Ц
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô
ĸˣôдҲÿһʱ䣬߲ͣΧԼתܳд־͹ˣ
οڸǰչʾԼøû˼ɻ				

81¸ͬѧʲô

ͬѧʲô
Χ˽ԽԽ󣬸޲ڵϰǳһطȥ
Щġ
ѧУѾҲдĻõͬѧˣΪʲôдⲻǼʲô
Ľ˵ôˣ
ԼˮƽǰҲĽдĺðɣ
ǰĽ࣬Ȼдˣ
ɣһϣһдأ
ѧУûбдĺˣ

ΧȰ˵𽥴Ӹո߾üЩ˼ĳŴҰڰ֡
ʵҵҲû˵ôֻΧͬѧԺôһѡ
ܿ죬
ﰡͺܺáдô
֣ζЦˣ
ǰǰҵһμʱ򣬻Ϊʦдأ

ӡ˼ˡ
骿е㲻ԾĽĸ첲
ĽĽ࣬дɣ
дԭҸոҲѾ˵ˡңѧУаһСǶһ壬˴ҵļ棬ôԣ
ĽӸոУ֮һڶ죬ﲻͬ˶ǣֻǰֲĽ಻վѣѾ˳ͷȻڸƨɺҡź
㲻˼ɣҶ˵ˣֻид
ǰϾҪˡʦǺ쵼ҪǵͶɹҿĽҪų켺Լ˽Ŷԣ

Աü۵ȴ˸ȸԾ͸ˡ
һ塱ģ
ǲҪô˵Ľ࣬˵ʲôԻί
ĽЩЦ
ով˭̵ִ˵˽ؼأҪ˵ЩŤתҵӡô
ôܣ
ɵӲɣ
ҪС׻ûôḶ́ȥһɣ
֮û֮ĽЦеվ˳
˵ˣ
㷣ĽΪʲôЦΪʲôԼеľ籾̫һ
ˣ
һŬԼĲͺ£뱻Լ֡
Լ˴վĽࡣ
˵㲻ǵĻó֤
ĽȻ֪׽׽ߣ׽׽˫Цصͷ
ҵ˱дĸõأ
ܣ
ֱӿڣ˵ָ֮ɿһ̧̧°͡
ҵдıҸõˣԺԺѧУĻҶμӣ˰ɣ
ĽҪľЧ
Ȼ۶̫ãСѲշĵ
Уæúأ
骣֮ܲܰǰúõֽù
ӦһɿȥùݸĽࡣ
ҲϢصĽĶ۾סΧ۲ţĽҪҵ˭
Ľľٶһ
ֻĽذеĺֽһ̣һëպīˮ֮󣬶ͬˮһĿʼںֽϻ
ﲻŵĵɴ۾㵵ؿĽĶ
мһ֣֪ûС
Ľñʵƣָĺۼ׾жϳдô
ûȥֻǽҵĽֻϹèײӣǱ滨ѡ
Χ˵ǲͣشԺС
ֿۣɷģȸдúã
ȻˣҲĽ˭ĽԼûĻֱӲøдô
ǺǣǰʯͷԼĽšĽΪôҶԲôҹͬġ֮ǰǿд֮ʲô֣Բøдġֻû뵽Լɪˣôڱ˰ɣ
ȻĽ˧ô죿ôʲôᰡûĶ
˵ǸϢûУĽʵʮ꣡
ɣȷֻʮô֮ǰһֱ
ΪֻǳñȽСѡĻǶĴ磬㣿

վԭأһСְףֺ졣
Ľʮ壿
ǰӺдֵСϣôô̾
ܿ죬ߴĽ䵽Ľµ棬򴽽ǡ
ԼֺĽֱʵС׼װɣ
ԼֻǸүүѧ˼֣֣дүүдĻÿ
֣˵ĸо
ԱߵĽţһֱǰĺֽдһ֮³һͣ
ĽĽ࣬ã⣬֣дÿ
һ̾سĽ߸ߵĴָ۾д˾̾
˵ıͷӦࡣ
Ľëʣ̧ɫϱ任ĸ΢Ц
ԣͬѧʲôģ				

82´ȫʤ

˼
⧲ʲô㣿
Ȼʲô˵뿪á
Ľ⼫ˡ
ǻǰѸסˡ
Ҳ۸㡣ǿдûʱ䡣ڽ㣬ܲɣҲҪʣҪҪʱ򿴵ѾɵģԲԣ
һٸһ档
Ľļ졣
öԷη֮࣬Լж¡
ȻøԼж¡
ǴҿĽ񣬴֮ǰĻɺͲţĳݺ;
Ľ࣬㣬ΪΪʲôʲô᣿
ֱĽĳ˿ĽĶĶ
ĽЦЦû˵
ѧϰëΪǰӼһ˵ԼûʲôõóֵģֻһëֿԿΪ˼ļᣬҲ͸ѧˡ
ԽѧϰԽ֣дֿԾģ԰ģԽԽϲָо
ֻǣ֮󣬸ûǸЩ
Ͼ±ȽҪ
Ľû̫࣬ڴҵĿУѾһܵĽࡣ
ʱһһæµйȥܿ쵽ϵĴʱ䡣
ѧУװһ£ù鿴ʦһ⡣
ȵѧУѧʦǶ֮쵼ǵĳ١
һ˸̨ʼԼķԡ
Ľȴûп̨ϣǲϵתͷ档
ûмǴĻ˾˽Ҳ˺ġ
Ȼܿſڿ˳СӰ
ĽһЦǳǳģΧ˲Ŀ
һֱĽĸ￴һĻҲ߿ȥͼϴԼĽһҲ쵼Ķ
ҲǸɲô
㶵תͷĽ࣬еˮ԰εð˳
˿úÿǰ;ôãӦѾ˰ɣĽǲһЬ
ʮ꣡
Ѿ飬һ˼ҵİɣ
ֲǮôÿ·ǮôĲˡ
˽ָŴҶĽһݵģ޲ھվߴĽġĿ
кѧУ콱ӣƻЩ˵ѧϲˡ
ԣֻ̡
Լ衣
˼ҹʱ򹴼нأǸݷĹֻǸһˡ
С̨ȻҲĽ࣬ЦЦŮһĻŭŵ˽
ܼ򵥣쵼쵼ϵ쵼ηԣ϶ѧУѧһʱΪҺشףҹǰǵĳԺǵľ񴫲ȥ
ĽԭĲȴĲΪƶţУ쵼£̨ԡ
ûаĹԼϣȫѧУ쵼͹ͬѧ
Ͼߵһ𵽵ƶãû˭ҷϣⷬòõ¹ȫˡ
˽ȭͷվڸ̨ϿԼĽ࣬޵ĺ޲ðԼȥ
骣۾ĿĽࡣ
Ȼ뵽Ľ֮ǰԼᵽģǸݽûпܣһĽȥԣ٩٩̸
ͬѧɵֱͦ˼ģǵĽ
ԲҶɢ˻ᣬĽȴ˸
Сհ˼˵ˣû뵽㾹ȻôȻŮܶ죡
ĽЩ㵵ؿŶԼһȰ쵼Ȼûл
Сüͷ΢΢һ
˵Ҳû˵˭˵Щ
СҼұ˶ϣһ£
Ǹʱ򣬾ͼ쵼һЦĽļ΢΢߲˲ࡣ
ܡ骵İҺлл
ȻɿֱӣһЦ⡣
ԺʲôҪģϵҡ
Ľ˻ʲô֪ģ
תͷȺɲվ骣һŭؿźԼ˵쵼骣
ȥ֮˹
ĽĽ࣬ûи˵ʲôɣ
ĽЩЦؿһŵͬѧ
ְгҲһ°ܶ˵ʲô
ɫ˱䡣
ңһ
С󣬳˸֮⣬ƺû顣
ĽĲֻҽΡ
骵ļЦеؿڡ
ǵô֮ǰ˵ģѧҽģģĲһκáңţ
صصͷ
ã
ڶĽäĿĳݣֻҪĽ˵ģһжǶԵġ
Ľ¿γ֮վĳС塣
Це߹ȥȸСϲ
СЩεЦЦ
ʲôϲϲĻҲӦϲɣôһλҪ				

83


ĽݸһЦҡͷ
˭˵ҪʲôûҪ
ⷬ˵СܻţĽ࣬ʶؾò̫ܡ
Ľִⲻ˵Ҳûа취ֻŻ᲻ΪҪһĸ׻ԹȰ˵Ľࡣ
֪ˣôͽô׵ġ
Ľҡͷ
ûаȥǹҵߣ˵Ҫͬ־ϰôãΪʲô뷨ôĲϽ
С壺
ŮѵĸоĪˬûУ
벻ĽҪɴˣֻᵽĸҪĽȥһˡ
Ϊʲôʲôô
Ľȥ꣬ȥҽԺҪѧУÿʱѹѹ൱ʵ
Сҡҡͷ
Ҳûлؼңֻǽӵ˸׵ĵ籨ú֡
˵ʲôʱô
ɣҪȥøһ𡣡
̶֮󣬳СԼڴóŲƱݸĽࡣ
ҪˣⲼƱš
ĽҲûиֵطҪƱĻ׵ĺܡ
ɣ˸ոճѧУͿһĻ
ǮָǮô
ɿͬѧ˽档
ͬѧЩã̽Ǳͱ˻
Ҫȥ
еĲǸոڸ̨ϵôôڸĽվһ𰡣˹ϵӡ
һ
ΪĽô뵽ôǸôڱıߵģ˼ҿԲҪعˣȴܣԣһӶѹڽŵ£޷
СҪߣŴӹս˳ԼߵС
֪֪֪֪һҪ߱ˣ֪ô
ǹһüͷһ
ƾʲô֮ǰУ쵼ǻϯ̨Ͽ佱飬ѵ±˵ɣУһҪ쵼ôҿһʲôˣ
һתͷҪߣͱקס˸첲
ҵḶ́вУֲǲ
֪Ľ֮ǰô˵ϰһٳʲô飬˼Ҳ˵ڱ˽±𣿡
һԼؿڡ
һһ˵ģһ۲ϡ
ŷǡġغúáȰ⡱һͨȰ˵סס졣
ֻǣЩȰ˵Ļûʲô⣬ϸһĥܷ֣ȫǻϽ͵Ļ
һŭˣЦеرߣ̵ġ
һǳĿ죬鱻֪ˣҿ϶ѧУһͿԳĽĴš
˵ֱӱѧУҲһأ
֪ǣ뿪֮󣬸ոջȥѧУһִѧУת˳ֱΪʳ
Ľ࣬
Ľ൹Щȡ
ΪʲôҪңУô֪
һɫ糺ĿĽһۣźָĽڳæµСͽܡ
Ҷ󣡡
Ľ࿴˿ԼСͽܣٿǰͬѧһЦ߸ߵسһ˴Ĵָ
һúܣûϵԺ۸Ļ㾡ܹҡʦģһŹ
˵˿֪ԼʦѾЭ飬Ҫ׬ǮȻͷýȥסۿ˼ҶѧҪҵˣôҲҪȰȢؼҲŰġ
һСͷᵽʱȴ֮Աǡ
˵ɵأͱȽϿ죬
ҲɵΪҴ￴ǸˡҲǣԼҵġ
Ľ࿴һƲ廰⣬Цҡҡͷ
ûУҾ˾ˣ׵ġһĸס
һһǧĽСĸŴҴ뿪ʳá
Ľüͷ
ﻹĲ
ǲ磬͸ѱ
ţ˺ȥ
壬ô
ǿЦǺǵشӳóһŷݸĽࡣ
ⲻҪô֮ǰʱǧһί㡣
Ľеŷ⣬Цüǿ
壬ʲôίίġүү
һĻҲڶʱ׬ôǮ˵лĻӦøлүүǡ
ǿЦŵͷ
һ˵ǡ
ƺҲûʲô̸ģһ˸ǮһǮ֮Ľ뿪ߡ
ֻڳ֮ͷԼͽܶվſڵԼ
ĽЩЦ
Ǹұ۸ɣ
Ȼʮ꣬۸˵滹ûм
Сͽܳ°Щż
ʦѵ㲻ô
֣
ǰ֣ÿô࣬Ҳ٣ǷĹȴˡ
ĽԼŷ⣬ü
ǵҲˣ
ΪֻԼأ				

84±ץ

ץ
һҲ֣ɹͽܱ˱顣
ʦҲˣ⡭ô찡
ͽܺüͷһܣֱǰ
ȥʣ
Ľɿס˺֣齻Լ԰һ¡
ֻǣĽûȥǿԼȥҽԺʵϰ֮ȥңҵţ
ûü˵ʲôǿѾ˼ҡ
Ľ࣬Ҳڰ
ûһĽк
ĽЦŵͷ
ⲻǽӵĹʣͶұҪллүүôʵͦԵĵģո£͵ˣǸɴֱӸлˣ
ǿϷɿسһĨЦݣεҡҡͷ
˵ʲôлл֮ǰ˵ˣʳûгʦʱĽǲŶԡǮҲӦõõģ˵лл
ĽЦǺǵص˵ͷ
Ȼô˵ҲͲˣҺȻ뵽滹£ȻȥˡүүҸ
ţ߻ɶͷأǱԼҶӾѾڵسҪ뿪
ôôԾ
Ľ㵽ΪֹҲûҪ״˼
վų̽ͷ̣Цеش˸кǲ֪ڸ
Ľ࣬ھ߰³ԷôѾ˷أ
ĽֱӾܾžͼǿڰѯոնţ˵ʲô
ĽЦЦתͷǿ
壬һ˵ʲô
ǿ֮ͣصرϣϷɿĸһĨȻİɫ
Ȼôһ˱С˵Щպѿ
壬ǵһΣҰסˡ֪Ҷɵӣһ鱻ִүүǰʲô᲻֪ɣ
ǿȻֻ֪ǣֻǡ
ֻʽģҸ㱣֤´βˣȥϰ֮ϰǮǣ㿴вУڣھȥʳðǮǷˣ
Ľͷ
ǵĸ˰ɣҵľˡԭҲֻǴӦүүæµġҪһҪѣλӣϵ˶ǣӣүүǧټҪµλӱ
סԼҲѱ
ۿǿĽ̾һ
۾ЩѶһ£ЩµģͶ˹ϵɣ
ǿɴ۾š
ô֪
˵֮󳾣һԴһûڡ
Ľô֪ܲЩ˾ȥǵԳԺȺȣһëΣĻôǵ˼İ취
ãȥ죬ȥ졣
ĽΪ֮ǿᰲһ㣬ʳǱʱſ֡
ǺȻĻҪ⣬ѾǺˡ
ؼ֮ͼ˶˾˵ż˵Ҫ顣
ŷ滹˲ǮƱӡ
Ľ룬Ӧ
ڶգֱҵͣùͰȥŪ֮ĶŤͷȥ˸ڡ
æŸ˲··Ǵ椽ڡȻȥݶ
ݶӲùΪ֮ǰ͹͵飬Լˣҹû·ڼšĽະǳɵسš
ֻĽҪ֮Ǿȡ
ΪʲôҪѵѾԹô֮ǰһô㣬Թͣ
ĽЦЦ
ݶʵ۶
治õĻڵݶҪƤ޸͵ʱѾעһˡ
Ҫ֪ԴѾ˳ȥȢҲֻˡ
ݶ㣬ҲǱƭ˵ģʲôǹ֮ǰ˵Ҫллأ
ݶǣû仰档
飬Ҫ
ԭ𷼣˺ᣬ˵ϸϸģĽҪô֮󣬾ͿʼĽ˵ʼ
Ǹɹ˻ˣ˿ᣬȴܴ
ݶǸɴ䣬һ㶼ˮ
˴䣬ܿЩ㶨
ĽǱ߻ҲѾտˮʼ
ģʱƣŨζ𽥿ʼڸɢ
һֱݶҲ̲סݺݵһϸһĨЦ
ڴ椣ϸǴȻĻϲ
ĽʱŻ𣬶ԼóһЩǮƱ
椽㣬ݶ㣬ǮƱȻ࣬ԺöˣӦû㡣

椻ҪܾݶȴֱӰⶫԼĿڴ棬ġ
ˡ㲻ˣԺȽǮ˵ĻԺóԵġȻؼˣԺң֪ô
ĽЦеصͷ
ҲپܾҲȻЦԼĿڴ
Ľ൹ΪԼʶݶȤ
ȤˣȴΪȤˡ
⼸һֱĽ౻̸Ľ಻ûбʦȥÿֺǺǵģǸɵһ˿˾				

85

ҵԼһӵһ
һǲʲô
һװͿ
ˣʲôҲ֪Ҽٸ࿴أûôϡ
Щż
Լ컹һǱߣûϣ˷һ˼ô
룿֮ǰ˵ʲô飬ˣ
һҡͷǲ֪ʼˣֱƿʾҪȥϰأ
ĶϰడÿѧҲûмϰ㱳ʲôõ飿
Ϊץסһʹæڡ
һһѰƿ͵ذθ
ǲвͣ˵ʲôѲҼţҼŵĻ㵹Ǹ˵㲻˵ô֪ʲô벻벻ԼҲ֪Ļôʲô
һ±Ƶؿһһੲݡ
ҪѵģɺȻΧڿߡ˵˵ĻǱʾԼڱ˵Ľ໵ô
Բ˵һ˵
Цһһǰͦص뿪
ﷳĶţֻԼ취
룬װһ⡣
ǣڶУ칫ҽӵһš
ñֽģٱĽ๴и֮ҸŮϵѧУ
УѧУ൱ӣԭҪֱĽú̸̸ȴסˡ
УĽడ֮ǰڴϱгģǲϵҲߵ·ӡȥĻӶð찡
У±ơ
ô죿
룬ʾҪĽܴġ
Ըһʱ䣬ѧУǱ߻ûʲôɷ
ѲûյǷţ
ΪԷһһţڶһͶУ칫ҵŷ档
һ죬УסˣεȰ裬ǰĽн˰칫ҡ
㲥ĽֵʱǸƤ޷˵ϻҪװһĵģ
Ľ࣬ȥɣһûµġУֻȥʵѡ
ĽǰĽŲһ٣תͷЦЦؿŸ
ΪʲôҪô˵Ѳ֪Уȥһû£Ϊһʲô飿
ҲԱصصͷ
ǣǵġУУĽȥҲֻֻҪһĽĽǰúá
ɫһһ죬û뵽ԼĻץ˰ѱЦŵͷ
ǣǵġ
ֻǵĽ뿪֮Цһ
ʲô
ع֮󣬿ô⣡
Ľ֪ʲôԲУڣֱӰԼͳСĹϵ˵˳
ô֪ʲô
УǰͲСÿ鶼˾̾
ĽЦЦ
ΪҲ֪˭ţһ֪澿дʲô
ֻĽൽײ´ˣû뵽ﾹȻдһи֮
УĽıѾ³Ľ޹黹Ҫ֤
ô֤˵ľ˾˾и֮ô֤Լ׺޹
Ľ䴽ǡ
Уܹһ¹㲥ô
Уͷ
Ľֱڹ㲥Ҫһ͸ﵽУ칫ҡ
Ľʱһһֵʱ򣬸Ǻݺݵشһ顣
ɿ뵽˶Բߣеؽ˰칫ҡ
УĽ֪࣬ʲô鰡ǲҪдʲô֮ģ
ĽüһЦ˵
УҲűʾȵһ֮˵
һҲһ±ƣڿĽ͸֮һ
Уʲôô
УһŸɿһ
ͬѧǰɣģǰ칫˼ţ㿴ûӡ󣡡
ţ
Ȼţ
гһʶĿĽ࣬ȴĽʱЦʶؼһЦݣɻǾԼеСĽ֮Ρ
ֵͷһԼҪôӦЩ
һѾ˼ƽϣٿǶȻԼдģǿԾǸġ

Ūİɣ
û뵽һȻԼѣɫһףȻͷҡɲ˹ġ
ǵġôҵģûУⶫҵġ
Ϊʲôǣ֮ǰ˵Ľһз֮ôôôʱ㻹ȥ淢ĽࡣҵʱΪʲôȥ淢˵ı˻ǹ˽𣡡
һԼ͸翪֮˵һ飬صصʱŴ·ߣҪԼС·ͺѾ֪Ľһ㡣				

86·һ

ﲻŵؿһԼ˱ˡ
һЦЦس˳ǡ
֮죬ңǲʲôҹװͿˣû뵽ȻɥĲŪֶĽ࣡
ֱ޲ȥһ
֮ǰǲ˵ĺúõôôȻʱԣ
תͷĽ࣬Ȼ顣
ŭָĽ࣬ҧгݡ
Ϊʲô󵹸ꣿΪʲôԸ淢㣿ΪǮǲǣˣֲȻ˵Լ˹ܵǲǣ
Լ뷨
Ǹ˼Ȼˣϯ̨ҲǼԺգһССĹӦѲ
ֻǣ̵뷨ûг̫þֱӱˮ
ԣⶫŪˣ
ԾѾ֪࣬Ըֱ˵Ҳϵصͷ
ǵģҳϣҳⶫŪô㹴ǸˣŪЬڸΰѧУĨڣĶĨڡҾҪ㣬ҷ㡣
ĽЦеصͷ
˵ҸЬʲô֤ݣ
ЦЦ
ҵȻ֤ݡһǼң֣粢ż磬һ綼ûдǼҳ˵Ҷʲô
УһһȥΪʳóԷǮһİˣΪʲôôãְֲ֣
˵˫ֻأ߸ߵذͷһĽ಻мһ˵ģ
ɺȻ칫ҵǱ˴صƿ
һϤӰڴҵǰ
ǱˣȻǸе̣ǸĽй岻ϵи֮
ɫضŸĿڡ
Ǹ
򴽽ǣɾǿ
ƾʲôҪǸˣԼ֪߳ܣֲҡҪǸҲӦǲŶ԰ɣ
ĽЦؿˣЩ֡
ôˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫæȵʱô
˵ϴκͳСԼĩȥҵ顣
Сһ
ҲǲʹңѧУȻ۸ùͻĵظұ֤һúչ㣬չˣ
ĽŮԭͱȽϳ谮ϾǼΨһŮӡһʱĽҴı仯ҵĳֶ˼֡
СĽӴ֮ĸ
Ľӣ治ΪĬΡ
Լ˾Ŷ̶̶೤ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
УҲһæֳС壬ѯݡ
ǳˣĽ˾ˡҴͽ겻ڼңÿ·ߵʱ򶼻ȥǼûʲôҪæġҵ֤
ʲô˾ˣ
ﵹһŵؿһĻһ˲Լ˫ȷԿհףǰЩðǡ
Ľ๴ǣЦе߹ȥųСĸ첲Ťͷ
ԸͬѧνĸЬǲǾ˵˾˸㻨ǮҲƱ·
ͣǰǻ㱡
֮һ㶼񣬾ȻǾϵ
ǲǴҪǽһ£ΪʲôҾ˾ɽ澹Ȼи֮Ҿ˾ͻСҪҾأɱ˵
УʱѾ˳С֤Ҳ֪һҪúôϾѧУٶǴ淢ģСĻѧУⲻ˳Բ˶ߡ
ңԺҲ˵
ˣڱĽ䳰ȷһֱ֮ͨУǴһΡ
οͬѧϸһᣬ㻹Ž̲ĵĻһҾϢݣֱӿ
ĽԼҪģЦеظУлˡ
һǺͻججĸһӰ칫
Ȱ㻹ǱˡĽͦõģҵĹҵûȴ˵ͨҡҿһķϣȰúѧϰʱȥܷѧУȽϺá
ﻰ⣬ȫĽĺãҪﲻҪٸĽԡ
ô⣿
ǰڴ棬ǸĿĴ廨ѧУΧתͬѧҲ٣ȫΧĽת
ʵҲûʲôͺĽֲһ㣬ֻҪ뵽Լ͸ֲˬ졣
ۿһԱੲݣûһѰƿ
㻹ûˣԼĽȨƣԼҪͽᣬɲҪңû˶¡
һҲ˸
ⷬΪ˭
ĵ˶Էһۣҧҧ
ԺٹҾǰ鳣
ȥͬС飬զզɣˣ				

87ȳȥ

ĽͳСһУţ˵פԹۡ
Ľ๴ŴЦò⡣
˾ˣԺǲǲܸһˣȻԺ˼ҶΪѾŮѣҵСô죿
С֮ҡҡͷ
ҿ㻹ǵԼȽϺãҲѾʼ࿴ʶˣ⹫
ĽĶͷȻЩԼȥҪ
òؽһĿɣ
ҪԼһȦأ
Ľһ˲ɵĸһһԱ߲֨Сдʹ졣
ԼжûĽԱˣ
İģλȥƲΪ顣Ǽ˫̥飬Ȼǡ
һûм˵ĽѾ³澿Ҫ˵ʲô
޷ǼǸʲô
ʱĽҲ֣һ棬ôһģȻһҾͲһ
СŹ͵гһ·Ľൽ˳ҡ
賵ӵʱⲻֶԹһͨѵ
µˣȻ˭Ҳ˭ɵС˵ĽѧУ澭ʲô֮󣬹ųĬɳС򷣡
СеģȻѾˣѶѡ
ϾûˣǵŮѧУ汻۸ˡ
Һ֮ǰһı仯ûУСı仯žǼ浽ŵĺ֮Ķһķ羰һ㣬˳ҿдССĽ䡣
û䣬ʹӤĿ
ĽһЦζϣͻϲ
Скֱ˷ķ䡣
˵ӦѾӣΪ˫̥ĹϵӲǿĵ÷˫ӣ˵̫Ҫಹ
ĽţæȴĽఴ˴ϡ
裬ɱøҽҪͶ´֪ҪҲɣ
ͷժ֮󣬰ִ֮Źȥסһӡ
ۣŶò㶼Ѿô˰ĺܺãǲǣӴЦˣȻЦˡôѽôСЦˣЦ˺ã˵ԺѶЦԣǲǰ
ĽضŪźӵģЦá
֪֪ѧҽ֪ĻΪ漸ӣڼæأ
Ľһ㶣ǺЦûڡ
ҽԺʵϰҲûմӵĵ
֮ôȫΪǰڹ¶ԺԺ̫̫౻ĺӡ
뵽ǰһУĽЩء
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СӣһԾȻڸɴ°ôôǲǣ㻵
һĻҪ´Ľ·ȴĽ೯ڰ֣һֽӣһ߼Ūŷڴϵĺӡ
Ľ࣬Ƣá
ǰӹҲһֱӰѺһӣֳš
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ŵʱҲã׹˼壬ûôڣֻ۵رԼӲͣš
˱˵Ȼӡ
Ľಢ֪澹ȻôƣЦеذڰ֡
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˵ĽˣæߣſĽ౧źӵһĻҲһϴѾӰæȥӺӣºĽϣȴסˡ
СӣƾϲСˣĽձûһ˼һҺмȽݵ·ȡĽ໻һ£
֪ϱ˼ɻ˲١
Ľ༱æڰ֡
Щѹ׵·Ѱʱǲᴩģ˭кϲ£߷ݵʱһ£ôܴ˵Ĳ
˵˵֮Ľѯʲô飬żæ
֪ЩԼò룬ֻ˸Ӽװ庢˯ܿеĻ⡣
ҲϱΪˣҲûܻ
裿˵ҽԺ˼֮ӣĽǼʣҪҲ롣
Ľࣺ
ǿƺܶ࣬ǣκõİ
֮ǰ˵ʱǲԸô˵֮ȥҽԺ飿ô
˵Щͬһ࣬Ҫڣ洫·
ĽࣿĽô
ʶֱӣεسĽЦЦ
Ľ࣬Ȼȳȥ				

88´󷢴

Ľ໹ûŪô¾ͱϵ⡣
֮·ſվţһڴؿĽࡣ
Ľ࣬ˣôҪʲôȥô֪ǻҽרĴ˾ȥ˲
Ľࣺ
ĺô
и˵
ɰͰ͵ЦЦ
裬ʵ㲻ġƽʱʲôʲôеġ
·ԣǵõʥּһ㣬æͷ
ãõġ˵ʲôʲô
Ҵææ˳ĽɶͷԵ½˷ķ䡣
ôһû˸źݺݵһ
裬ţʲôΪʲô
ᵽᵽ˹һ
ЩεĿЦһԼҲԸġϾҶ沣ûҪΪ˭˭
ƫƫ鲢ġ
һʱ䷢顣
·ϴô궼ûкӣҪһ޿ɺǡ
Ǻӻûˣһ
·տʼôΪˤԻȥҽԺǸԭ֮һͨȵִҲû뷨֮쿴Żÿɰӣ˼ԽԽ
տʼȥŴӣҸտʼû룬ΪΪΣҲûϣһֱһϿ˲ע˴Լ棬Ҳӣʶԡ
Ϊ沣Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵ϺҪ̣ҪѺӱƫƫ·ֽڣӣ˵ֱӡ
϶ûڼңһչ˺ôۡҺһûӣһ
ʱû̫࣬ϾԼһչӵǷԼҪæҲر࣬ɩԱһչˣ˵һѡ
ᣬû룬һ⻰ֱӾܾ
˵ʲôԼվҲҪӵģΪʲô˼ҵĺӱߣʵҪչ˺ӵĻͶܣ
˵Ҳûܻ䣬һһ⣬ٿ·ΪֹôôԾ
Ҳæת˻˵·ʹȥҽԺ顣
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ƽݺݵذԼϱѵһ٣˸Ͻȥҡ
·ǰŻعһˣ󱻼Լ˵ʲôҲ֮ǧټƵظͷǸǿȥ
ûãִ֪õϢ˵Ľҽ˵áĽ룬˵ŮҲһ
ǿ֤ݣ֮ǰĽĹùѩҲĽ룬Լ˲˵Ľһƣأ
ķ˶ӣһѩĵ̥Ů
ǰʶĽ˷ĽܣĿɿڴ
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Цһ
ҲǹƣǴɩŴ󱦶߯˺ˣҵٻϵĻַġ
ԱǸոջʺ򲼣һ
ֲǷģ˾Σβˣ˭ҲԹš
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ϵķ˺ܷʢ
·һĵĶĽ࣬û˾͸Ͻвˣ첲̫̹һ
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ȻҲġ
·һ˲۾ҧҧꡣ
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أԼǵ鲻ǲǣ죬˾͹ȥ
·һ˦ɷ֣վŭǡ
һҪҹȥǲŰˣǣҾǲӣһֻµĸǲҪٸƽȢһҸǣˣ¶ûŶ
Ľգգ۾һ±ƵؿŴ󷢴·ԼĿеӡٴˢ˲١				

89Ҫּ

Ҫּ
ӷ
ָָųƽɫϡ
ϱھ͸ҹȥԺǼңҲ裬
ƽԼίҲϱ̫ȡ֡
ôˣǿô򣬳ôҩôƫɺûû˵ʲôҼкӶ࣬ʱһҲõһ֧
һʱ䣬ϱһ㣬ģϵҰ㶼
룬ǹĸ׵Ǹ
˳ʱҲĿԼˮ̴ʰ˷ϣޱػһܡ
ˣȻô룬Ҳ˵˵һʱҵĿǡͶˣҲ
ͳɼˡҺŰѼĶһ֣Ժңɢ˰ɣ
ʲô
˵˶ྪȣĽԼҲ̲סԲ۾
Ҫ֪ڼ棬һֱ⹫ȥҶûзֹ
֣ôּܷҰ
ǰǰܷ֣

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ո·ֳķ粨ըֱӸըûˡ
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ϴ󣬵ӦǸһġҲּͬҡ
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ĽصͷԼϢݲ
ǵ̬Ⱥ̶ܴϻӰ㼸˾˵̬ȡ㼸˾˵̬ȣӰ㼸̬ȡҲϲŮίû취ؼ߿࣬Ϊû˳
Ǽ˾ǶҺ趼ͦõİ
˳ࡱˮ̴һ
㻹СԶҪġͦãԺأ֮أͻأû֮أվҪֵģʱһֻͦáԺģ˭
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׷Լϲ뿪ĸףǲܶøĸ׶İ
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˳̸һ֮Ľžͼ˾۰Ͱ͵ؿŵ
Ľ࣬Ĵ֣
ǰҪǴȥĻҪЦ
Ľ࣬㲻ȥ˵˵˭ĲõĻȥǸõɣ

һһ˵ĺ֣ǳСһν
Ҿ÷ֿҲͦõİԺ׬Ǯ˸˴ӣѵӹȥһסҲûôµˣ
Ǿã˳·йء
һˣǴҶôá
ϴ󳣰ƽɫ˱䣬ɫڵһӾͳ˷ţɫơ
Сۼֿ죬æȥҲɿ׷˳ȥ
ڹ۶ϣɲҳʲô顣				

90

ǹȥһƽ·ѾˣһʵƵĳƽ˵顣
ԭŵ·ɫһ䣬˲һ˪һ
Ľü˾˰Ѵ˾ȥ𣬶Լһ֪Ů·ϥ̸
·ίԼΪţƽȻҪ飬ﻰⲻͣڱԹ˲Լ˿ˣΪûӲͣ˦ˡ
Ľʾۣ·ϲ
裬ھ㣬㻹˾˹ô
·ӣίصͷ

Ǻã㣬˵Ŷ㲻⡣ôôʹ˾˽ôûӣߴٹô
·룬ҡҡͷ
˵浱ţʣ棬˭ˣĻ֮ǰҵأ
·ٴҡͷ֮ЩãȻ
񣬴ӹ֮Ҳûʲôʲô۵Ļֿ۵ĻƽǼֵˣµظɻҲǱȽɵģңԼҵܵʲôۻǽüʱﻹţ͵͵С
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Ľ֪Լ˵ЩǣǿϾ˼һҳô󣬿͵㶫ȥûʲôҪ˵ŹТ˳
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ȥϣϻ·ȥҽԺԼʵϰ
Ľ࣬˿רġ
ĽЩȵ˳ų´ı鿴˹ȥ̲סüͷ
һһСкʪ۾

Ск߹ȥһסĽ·°ڡ
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ĽָԼıӡ
ԣܳȥң				

91Ҷ㲻Ҫƭ

Ҷ٣㲻Ҫƭ
Скִֵصͷ
ʱҪҸ㡣
ĽЦһźҪߣǶԷ˵ʲôԸߣҰһҲУһģĽЦõذ˴˼档
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һסûмˣÿԴ顣
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ЦЦؿĽࡣ
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ֱܵǼңԼүү˵һ¹͸ϿõġƫƫǶѾˣԼȴ޶ԣĽԭЩż͵Ϊĸ뿪ˣҲٴߴ١
ޱɨһĽ࣬תͷŶվߡ
ĽһЦɿ׷ȥұ֤ԺƵĻԲ˵ˣùϵı˱仯
˻վĽָȥ˵籨תүүڸˣŸڹ˻𳵡
ȥģ˻վ֮ĽŸпù͸Լһǵѡ
վӰܶĦ࣬˸ͲԼϻ𳵵ģǱ˼ȥġ
䣬Ĳͳûԣүרȥ˵ʳĽһ·ţĽǰ·ϳԵķˣССĶһѣӻĵġ

Ϊʱ䳤Ḷ̌Ҳˣò׼˶棬ͼԼ̱˸ռˡ
һЦؿǰһոµȷȹŮˡ
ͬ־ܲ鷳һ£ҵĵط
˲м°Ľһ֮λϲ
ǰģѾۣס̰ɣ̿£û˴š
Ľüͷɲ
ԲأôõλԼðɣ
Ƕˣסôõĵطأ
ԱλһЦŮɫǺվֱӣŭָĽࡣ
λͬ־㾿ûйİҶѾ˵Һۣ˵ΪѰҵø㣬ô˼ߣ
ָ
ĽЦ
С㣬Ҷ٣ǧҪƭңľȻôáˣϲȥǲǣðҿȥģ㿴Ҳһٶǰ¾ĸأ
Ůɫһ䣬ŭĿݺݵصĽ࣬ӻҪĽƤһ㡣
Ľ䴽ǣ˿һ
ǰѹһţŮˡ
Ů˼ģæʧɫ̡
Ľͣ治ͲҪ
ʲôģֱЦˡ				

92¸ʲô

ʲô
һ̶ʮСӵǶĽȤ
СȥĶո˵壬⺢أ
Ľ࿴һ۹ڣֿޱ̴ĹͣЦеؿڡ
Ķӣ
˺Ǿ̾°ѹʹһ
忴Ҳûж󰡣ӾȻôˣ
ĽˣɷнµزһŨŨش
ǰǰũ˽ȽôᣬΪ峤һɣ
Сӣ
ǲǶЩʲô᣿Ծ
һξɣ
Ľ໻˸ɾĴͱףĽȥϴ롣
һϸϵѾǰˡ
Ľ̵ıŹ̸٩ɽ
Էͱ󣬵ǺȻոս᲻ã̶̼ʱ䣬ĽѾ˭ᣬԼʲôһ
̵ŮЩֱӣĶ˸Ľ˵ʲô߰ģ˵Ľ಻ûʶжѣ˵
ɫط˶ԷĻҾҪ˵
Ů˲мط˸ۡ
ߣ˵ôһûʶ˶ѣɣ
ֻո˵꣬ͼĽ౧Źվֱ
һЦ̧ͷߴﹾ˵ŮˣͬһĶش
治˼أҸպûҸպöλͬ־֪֪ʲôۿ˵ͣģģģǹ²˵ȹʺ
Ľ˵ּֿ죬ǻŻˡ
ŮԭѧϰҲûжã˵ЩҪڱǰ԰԰ڶѣû뵽Ľ಻ĻҺܶƧĵԼ
Ǻҧҧ꣬һֻ˵
ܲɣǺұػӢ
Ȼһܡ
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ĽЦЦû˵ֻרĵصͷôҶ̵ڡ
СʯͷԺǧǵãԺЩ˵͵ĹǧǧҪ˿Ȼأ಻Լݡ
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ιιιǲǸˣѵӦȽѵѵô
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ŮĽ࣬ȴ͵Ļû˵ꡣ
˵ĲԣԺ󱻹ҧˣһӴУʲô
㡭
ŮҪĽСӲЦˡ
˵㲻ҪΪ˼Сˣʼˣ㻹𲻳ϡ棬˼ҰŰһ٣ӵĵҲȲ㡣
СӿҪ˵æסָ֮ĽǵǸ
˼ҽкǹġСӱȽϽݣԸոյǲҪϡҴǵǸˣ
ĽЦЦҡҡͷ
鱾͸ûϵ
ɹȴԺٴɫ
ľò˼ո鷢ʱѾסͬ飬ǵ鷢֮赭дĹǸͬ׽
ˣԶ֮
˹͵뷨ĽҲûٴǣǴԼŵĴóԼõķˣһһе˳ʱζ
㰡ģǮҲȥһݣ
ǰǰҲȥһݣ

̵ݶһ㣬һݷѣѵġ
ĽεЦЦҲû˵Լģ˵ϵΪʳġ				

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һ˵ΪʳãҶʱȻ
˵أķ˿ɲһĹ󣬵˵ҲһĺóԡԲٰ
´λһҪȥ
ҲǣƾҪӿôĶһôԵͷ

һֱ֧Ŷ˵Ϊʳõʱ۾һ
ΪʳҲ˵ϰ巢һʲôֶΣȻ󻹱ץˣǲİ
ĽЦЦû˵ֻר־׼˵ķˡ
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⣬ⲻʯô浹ѲΪʳʯҲ
ȵؿĽĶθ˼ȡ
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ͼѹ͸ոմˮ˷ʯҵķ棬Ȼз棬øӸǽ
⣬ǡ
գգ۾ǰĸ߸ߵķУ̲סȥ¶ȣٿĽ͹͵Ѿ˱仯
ʯˮȣܶ˶֪ȴû˻ôԼݹϵ뵽һֿܡ
ʮӣ򿪷Уոջķðһɱ֮ǰŨζһ˲ڳᡣ
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۾ֱؿǰУ۽ǵ⻹ע⵽ԱԾԾԵĹڣв²һζ
Ͼʱ򣬶ûǺôϲ
֮󣬷еĸӱ򿪡
ݺݵһЩ³
㣬̫ˣ
һɣûŵζ				

94¾Ҫ

Ҫ
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Ľɫһ䣬絶һ㿴˵
Ǻҹɱ˫۾ţǺݺݵشһ䡣
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Ϊ׵˰Լĵ˳ǰȻ¡
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ô죿ҾǲţҺΣȻŵӣҳͱô
ָԼؿڣŲδͣؼǰߡ				

95

ʱһɧ
СЩ׼֮ͽûʲôɽ㻹Ǳ嶯ˡ
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˰ɣ˰ɣѶʧĶ׷˵

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˵ѧҽģǰ泵ҪˣʵҲҽˣܲܰæ

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Ľ˰и̧Լո˯Ĵϣ˵˲ٰš
Բмط˸ۡ
ΪԼһ˯Ĵ㲻̭ô
Ľ޿̵תͷŭ
λͬ־˵졣ô䳰ȷҲܣǰһиҲҽһδ飬ҵʱ򲻻ʩԮ֡
ĽĻһ䣬иɷͼҲ˹ǿаڡ
ó˾Ůˣ֮ǰλ̣˸и
׻˵һ졣
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Ϣɷæ󺰡
ˣһҪˣ
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Ľ࣬Ҫǿ
ԭæģʱӻߴиһӼҳĲô
Ľ׹͵ĵǣЦЦ
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ĺûЩҲ̲סΪĽȲʡ
˵úãǶԸ֤ȷŬˣ
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ˣ
ǵģˣδôһл
Ľ˵ͷһս֮ػŮ˵ĶƤ
ʱһһعȥѪˮһһ˳ȥΡ
žվڳ棬űΧĵطһƾ硣

ֱҶѾһôõʱǰȻһӤ
ĳƺһ˲ųҫ۵Ĺʣͬһʱ̻
֮ǰŵҲ̲סΪ֮𶯡
ԼȻ֪ԼδҪѧʲôרҵˣȻδķ				

96


Ů˾ͷ󺹵ذѺӹűӵ˳ȥĽ໹Ҫæš
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֮ɫ԰׵ص˹͵Ļ棬˯˹ȥ
һ˯һ硣
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ǵĳĬںܶ˿ĬϣǻʰҶΪǱ˲Ҫߡ
ܿ죬˾˹³֮ǰסĽǡ
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Ľͣס˽ŲĿֱֱתͷŸո˵
ɪһ£뵽վԼߣǰͦͦš
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˶ҪţԺ޵ʱ򡣡
Լ˼ԿġΪ˶һĵô
㡭
ɫ࣬Ҫ˵ʲôȴס͡
ͬ־Щͬſں˵ġ֮֮ǰ˵ͻԶԲ𣬿ǰһˡ
ǱΪĽ
֮ǰĽŮ˾Ҳͷ
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һҪ֤ǵײСλͬ
־˵Һ͹֮ʲôô֤ǣ֮׵ģλͬ־ǲҪΪԼΪۣ				

97ÿ˶ҪΪ鸺

Щ
Լ粻ʲô飿ɴɱܷŹô˼Ҳû˵Ҫɱ㣬Ҫϵѡ
Ľ೶ǣŲس˹ȥЦеļϡ
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λͬ־֪ǼҴֶŮʲô飬Ȼ㲪ȻŭҪ˹ץߣ				

101³


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أ㵱ôúÿ֮޸ҰְôҸôôңƾʲôãһô겻ŲʣûиĸŮһ˵ⷬ
ŵغ˼
֪ŮܻԹûһŮԹ޵ʱԼҪô
һŬ΢Ц
Ľ࣬ҡ
˵пԣ˵Լôʱ޿̲˵кܶܶ࣬תͷĽ۵׵ıʱʲô˵ˡ
ܶĿԣٵίŮô꣬޷ڸǵʵ
һŬ˳ǡ
в˵ʱСĵȥҼ
ų뿪Ľ˱۾ס۵׵ı
ô˵ôģǵǷʱ׻ûסԼеıߡ
ǰûĸףСɽĸףǱֻһڹ¶Ժһүүߣѹֵһ˲䱬Լûƺ
ܿ죬˹ĽĲҲ˹
ʲôĲˣ⸽һЩҰ˺Լе֮ĶĽ
Ѿõ⣬һĺܡ
Ůο
οŮˣԼúãǣСģԼûôܹ
ԼڰﲻæĬĬػȥĽ׼һҪ˯ĵطȴȻ콨ڸǸѯĽ飬ŲƮ˹ȥ
ǰʣԼ룬ԼܿޣҲס
ŮôˣվǰͲ쿴ţţôҲֻϧŮ¶ɺܺã۵׵ųİԼ
㿪˴ˣضڳſڣС濴Ų˵Ľ࣬۵е졣
ĽѸոճõĲʢ˳תͷͼ衰䡱һջԴ
ЦЦŲ˼С֡

û˸ոյ̵Ų˹ڰؿĽࡣ
ҵĽ㣿
ţ
ҽô
ᣡ
Ӹһ۸ô
ᣡ
㡭
Сߺ˰죬Ǿͣ۾ԹصĽࡣ
ǣΪʲô
ǰÿԼͱ˷ͻʱ򣬰ܻԼ˵ǸܾǲĴ
ί
һ㶼ϲְ裬ϲС壬ΪСԼ𡱣СᱣԼԼ棬ί
ɵףС岢Ǹ㡣
ǲһġ
СȻСҲģģض
ĽЦеԴһĻΪһ̲ˮ
ܵܣǰΪ˽̫̫࣬˽Ľȴĸ͸ˣֱӶϾ
Բˡ
ߺֱ˽ĽĻ档
ûϵҲ⣬˾ͺá
֮󣬻ΪߣСտĽһۣɿش˳ȥ
Ҫȥ߸ڼӣȻи磬ԼҲн㣬ὲ£Լˣ
ˣᡭˣܶܶܶ࣬ˡ
ĽЦҡҡͷˡ
죬Ĳոµػ˵εεǼȥˣһΪܻܵ¶ˣžŵһŨŨζ˱Ƕͣش̼Һڡ
ֿһһǴ¶
Ȼ˭˻ôͺ⡣
վſ룬ֱӰӡ				

103°ְ

ոմӷתͼɷµػæЦӭ˳ȥ
Ĳˣ㲻֪
ԭĲŮĺ¶ȴĲؿһۡ
죡ǲǸӽʲô¶ҽҪѵһɣǱ߻ˣռôôĺӣ
ǰŵ콨͹ҲһæվҲǣҲǡ
һҪĽùϵڶ˵Ľͺϵһ˰ټΪʳôͦãȡȡ
û뵽ȻĲһ׵ĵæǰסĲ֡
ͬ־
ĲƢﻹ˵
û˭ֱһӸ첲
ÿҽҪѵѵɡ커ǸСӣ
콨걻һ򣬱ۼֿظס˸첲ûһƨɶ׶
ոӹ㣬ȴԼҵŭСӲһ£һֱһͷ˷棬˳ǰ̶̵ĸ첲š
Ҫʹңܴ衣ҵĴҽ˻ûйϵ
ղһ
ΪҲҴô
һץס·ӣԼϥһţʱҪĿȥˡ
ֲŸո̧ͱ˸߬ס˸첲
ԱһһԼʶˣԱ߻һŻ˵ĺӡ
˭
˭㶼ܴӡң첻Ĵ
ԭ˸󣬼ϲЦʱ塣
˽콨Ҳæǰ
ͬ־ũոչΡ㻹治ܹɩӺ衣ûϵѾˣ˰ɣ
콨⻰һĲæѺӷ£ʶԼЩڼȣɿһס콨֣ȴûл
áȻ⺢ӵĴǱϾǵ¶СʱѵѵԺ᳤øá
콨ո˸ףԺӵϲ㽵Уͣȴ֪ԼҪ˵
սæ˸Բô¡
裬ȴĵرڸˡ
֮ǰԼͦģǽԴӿ֮Լû
ȻԼûˣǽرãеҲܡ
ǸͷҪҪһ߰
ã̧ͷ
ߣȥĶ
Ȼȥˣ㲻ǽĵܵôһߵĻԺû˴㣬Ҳû۸ˡ㻹ܺóԺܺóԵҲ۸Ļѻ˶ܡ
Ǳʲôײһ¡
תͷǸֻΧŸתȦȦĸףСС˺Ȼã
Ľ೴ò˶˽˷䣬ͼһİǰݣΪȧͻԵúǹ°̱
ְ֣
ղ̫ãޱ飬Ĳֻ콨ϹεЦ
Ľ۾תһȦ֮¶һĻ˵²⡣
Ľ࣬ⷹ˻ĺأҲǵôʱˣٵȶһֵá
콨ЦǺǵĴΣæסĽӡ
͹ҲȥæֻĲ𵶵ǶһĬĬ˭Ƿһ
Ľ࿴ҲûдЦǺǵظ콨ǫ䣬Լ˳
׷ǰģǲס
ڲ׵ǲų⣬Ͼ˵Ҳкô
ɷŸոĲɫһ䣬ֱһӣŭؿĽࡣ
㾿ûò᲻ˣѵһְֶУУ֪νҲԷΪʲô׷ǹҶǰɣ
콨ո̧صȥ
ֲõԤУٷÿó԰
Ľ֮ǰֻǷݼ֪ױȽߣȽϰӣҲûɶϾ˭ûСëëɲС
ǣԱ߻һ޿κΪݵĳ
ɲ
Ľ䴽ǡ
治˼أҴСץ˾ͽаְ֡үүң˶Ұְ֡Ұְһȫ¶õģԱҺ˯ԸǣԸҸ߻ˣԶصˣô
Ȼ۾֪⺢Թǵġ
ĲҲû뵽ĽྐྵȻô˵Ҫȴֲ֪˵
ƤӣĽ໹û¹˭
˵Լĸף˸ԼĳṩһӵˣʲôʸϹȱȣ
Ľٴγǡ
УΪҲ׷ô׸ûףְָǮƱȥ˼㣿
Ĳɫһٱ䣬ŭһӡ
Ľ࣬˭ô˵ģΪˣ׬Ǯ˲ôҪ͵øҸ				

104Ҹô

콨꿴ŸŮ˺۾ŭű˴˵ģһæЦǺǵĹȥȰ˵ȴס˸첲
Сӣ⡭
Ϳź͸׶ŵĽ࣬۵׷ɿظһĨ֮ɫ
һֱĽһ˭Ľ֮ǰĵģǺŵϲڴ
Լ֮ǰȥʱ򣬶Ǹȥĸ滹Щڴ
һ˵ƭԼ˵ͻؼˡ
Ȼ֪һжģûˣǵֲеĽ֮飬Ľ༸ԼһСүү̴ųĸӲڴԼĸĸ
Щ飬ռҵļ£ûа취æ
ÿһεĥ϶һγɳĽڼֱŤӣҪԼ
ôңҵȴ㣬үү̣ǳҵĽӼáҿԶүүãԳҺãΨ㣬С
Ź˹ȥͷŹ͡
壬ܲܽǮ
ͻ󲿷ǮĽ֪࣬Ľô˵ֻҪ˶Ŀѡ
ͷԼǮȫĽࡣ
ĽһۣȻһưǮϡ
˵˼ҲʮǮмٿ飬֮ĸŮ֣㹻˰ɣ
ûĽеʹ;߼ĽĲǰ
Ľ࣬Ľࡣ㲻Ҫְˣ˵˵͹ȥˡһӲˣһ˺ò׾ۼһ𣬺úùô趼ѾѴ̺ˣһ˯ǺúĺòãĽ࡭
ɲܳô˵ĽĿضĲ˼ûС
վԱ߽Źڵ֡
ְ֮ǰҲԴԼ鲻˾ҸָʱܻԼְϴûд
ϲְ֡
ĵĿŽ㣬һְ߳ŭ˻ô죿ǲҪæְֻ᲻˴
Ĳӽ֮һֱţţȫ˷䵽һ֮ȻӺ͵ܵܲŵҲ˵
ʲôʱײĽǶλƣҲǰɨء
ϵһǮֱĽϣȻ߼ſ첲ҪĽա
Ľ۾ûգһµؿŶԷĶ
ŶԷŹסĲɫǺضԼŭ
ȻһЦ˳Ѷ£ڵ£ϸСˮ顣
֮ǰһֱţҵĸ׾һʲôˣ᲻㽵һǵ֮Ҳŷ֣ʵвġ
ǰһֱԼļͥԼļˣǸټĳ治ôµˣԼ
Ĳһ£ŭֹͣ
ĽᣬЦſ
Ǹӣȴһĸס⹫ŵ˵Ĺ޸ףأҸô
һζ̣һζǨͣԼҪԼĺҲԼ
˵ϣ֮صıϣ۵׷ɿһĨã֮ɫ
Ҹô
ԼҲ֪
Ľ䴽ǣתͷ衣
ũʲôãҪҪߡ
ĲϷ
УҲͬ⡣
Ҳҡͷ
Ľ࣬Сһ𳤴ܸߡ
ĽЦЦֻЦⲢδﵽ۵ס
ôû취ߣǲߣ㻹ôһλ׵Ӱ｡
ǰԼСڹ¶Ժһƴһ˷ܶǶڼִͥѾһУңԼˣɵֲĵӿĲ
衣
Ըô
û뵽׸Լ
ǰڼ棬ûʹԸԸ⣬ϲϲòãɲԣÿζǱ׺ȥǸǸ׼ĸÿԱ߶ĬĬ˵ס
УҲ׼
Ĳŭһ߹ȥһŭصĽࡣ
ҿ͸ˣǹ¶ǰɣǲҴûн㣬Ͳ֪ߵغǵ˵ģ˵һ֣ҪҶϾŮϵðϣҵҪܶһ죬ܶһӣǣ㣬裬ܸߡ
Աż
Ľ࣬һ䲻ǣǾͿԺú³ԷˣԱ߻οأ಻ã
ĽĿɶؿĲϡ
һȥСʯͷһѧԸԸ⣿				

105·


գգ۾ǸȻɿشĲ˳
ȥѧҲסһˡְûֻҴңÿζңǻ֮ҲǲҵĴȥ׵ǸǣҪߡ
ĲҲסλ⵽ƣһס衣
˷ˣˣҪǰɣҴ㣬ôߡ
ĽһûסĲҲȥţԽŭԭʢŭеĲ
Աһɨѣصس˹ȥ
ۿɨѹϣĽ༸ȥϡ
С첲ϸĹصشĽı
Ľɫһ䣬ƺһ
ĹҲͬʱϳأɼ֮
Ͷ˵Ľ
Ľ࣬û°ɣ
ҲʵؿŽ㡣
㣬㣬û°ɣ
ĽҡҡͷתͷĲĿ䡣
ԣһ֮ΪôĲڼһ֮⣬㻹ܸǣǳɷֲã㻹һû취׬Ǯңû취άӺӣû취æ񣬽ӣңҪ
ĽĻһ޴ĶݺݵĴĲϡ
æŭĽ졣
⻰˵Ĺˣ
ҲǣţĲŵģɣֻĸףԺǧҪڡ
Ҳ磬תͷһε콨ꡣ
壬ũеطסôǿܽҪ鷳һˡӡ
콨꿴˿Ŀǰƣε̾Ϣһĵ˵ͷ
ãҰš
һ˳˳ȥ콨һתͷЩĲͳ
Щˣܲ˵ǣʵ̲סˡĸףһ὾İģôôѶη塣ͬ־ͬ־Ľ໰˵ˣ˵ûǣȷʵһøףĸףΪһø׺ͺĸףԶԺӶάûȴǷǺڰסǸӣӰ죬̻ġ
콨˵꣬ؿһۣɿظ
뿪Ľһˡ
ֱ㶵ؿ⡣
ûأ͸˽ȵȴоԼȫ
Ĳȭͷգ¡
һѾͷѣԼƾʲôô˵ԼζԼŮ
ĺŮ
˵ֶŮӼǧ˹سȥ˻˵ʹף˳ܽ˼ԶԶؾŵһŨŨζ
س˳ûˣֽݣֻӵĲ˺ͶӣʼղĽˡ
ף˵ҴֶŮôأⷹİɣ
ЦеһŽ˿УȻ̾Ϣһ
óԣóԣ
ĲȻתͷƵؿ
óǰɣ
ݻûŪʲô飬ЦǺǵصͷ
ǰҾͦóԵģ϶Ŀζô㳢
һݸĲȴ룬ĲȻЦһ˫ַӱԵϣһֱӱƷ
ӵӺͷ룬ȫƹƹҵڵϡ
ݷɿһθһĶ硣
ǲвֶŮˣһܸ˵ôҪڶ㲻֪ӵӣ˲ûǮðô˭ˣúõһ飬úһӣܰһжˣ
Ĳ۾ҧ
ҲҾһǰɣ
ݿԾɺ
ɩ⾿ʲô㵹˵仰
ֿ˵ϵǮһȫƱƱ֮Ķ
ⶫģֶŮģΪʲôڵϣ
ҪȥͱĲס·ӣ˴ӵ
ôȱǮôôû֮ôϸҹһȺİǣҹ
һһһưһ˵
üͷɿ̧뿪ȳȥҵ˵
˵ԼλƷʲô
ֱˣ
ԭöֻе˵ߺ͹°ѣһжǹƨȥ߹°Ǽ˰߻ˡ
ǰǸĸףǶɩ˵һΪĵԸ
ߣߣͣ¡ûУͣ¡
Ĳŭؿڡ
ͣ˽ŲĿⶨؿԼҶ硣
磬ʲôʱԼһ£飬ǶԻǴĵλԼľôҪô
תͷ
ɩ֪Զãϲ磬ֹǨǰôȥĽȥˣԼ԰ɣ
ֿ˿ϵӵӣЦһ
ҲûˣӵӶˣǺǣӹľʣ				

106ͷʲô

Ľ뿪֮󣬻мããȻ
Ӵ֮͸ż˼Ľ뿪ôǲǣԺͼĸˣ
һССд˾ñĽ࿴˸һ
СһԴ
ģҴ߲ǲҪǼˣԺǿԼǵģֻǣҪȵˣ
Ҫһ꣬һʱ棬Ҫ飬һž۵ӺܿҪˣңƲĻʱȻҲǼɹһꡣ
ԣҪֵ׼
գŴ۾ֱֱĿĽࡣ
ǽ㣬ְֲ뿪Ҫô죿
Ľ䴽ǡ
Ҫô
룬ҡҡͷ
һ㶼ã۸˵ְÿԼ۸֮ҲҳһȥÿζҪԼȥǸȻٰԼһ٣ߴһ١
СڼҵĻСάԼĺˣĸҲȰ˵˵ôҪ׵ɫ
ܶʱ򣬸Ͳԣϲס
ļҡ
˵û߰ɣʱúչġ
ԶһϤ
ĽȻתͷ˹ȥͼһ˴һɫ·ЦǺǵĳ˹ģǸ˸׻мơ
С壡
Ľ໹ûзӦԷ˭ͼСƨֱƿԼֱ˽˶ԷĻ档
վֱӣһһСһ
͸״ȰĿŶԷʱʱӭ
Ľ߹ȥ̽Ŀڡ
С壿
ǵһμĽ࣬ȴֹһβԼҴֶŮʲôӡ
ЦǺǵصͷ
Ľǰɣ֮ǰǼ·ֱ˧ˣмЩʳﶼܺóԡְ֮ǰŻ˵Ϊʳø˼ԭһأССͻʲôˣǸոտĶҲò˵ְдҪõö࣡
٣ûиƷ޷ܣҲûиѩһ˽
Ľ䴽ǣûнĻɿز˻⡣
СԷɣԭΪҿһһ£۵ĻƴҶġ
εͣȴԼҴ˸Ѫͷ
ĽĲϺܶܶ࣬ߵʱȽϴæֻǰǵ·ʰһ¶ѣĶȫǱߵĳ
˵ǳҲǼľСطѡ
Ľڵĵطũ콨ĵطΪϼҴڣԷķӱʹټĸ׺ҽԺزǸպÿԸĽס¡
Ľûϣϴ˳ȥûһٶȫĽǱ߳ʳĺϡ
ңⶫ¶Ҳ飬㻹ˣһ顣
Ľһ£ݻ˼
Ҫúú콨꽻һ£һЩչһĲȶֱӸǷĺá
ĽͷЦеؿС壬ĴСϿ˾˺С˾˵ĺ塣
˴¶ȴֲ࣬ȡᡣ
С壬ǰлæչˣҼǵõġ
жͱгҲĽô
һ㶣ȻһЦ
һˣ˵ʲôллллģˣҳȥСһû¶
Ľ࿴ݵ뿪΢΢ϲ١
һװˡ
ˣԽȴԽģ
Ľڳˣͺڰ콨ɨװӡ
ڣɲ٣ҲЦ֮ǰһܿգûңЩҪһôˡŵɩǻŪأ
ЦЦ
ǰҲ
ݲؿŹиɴĶЩɡ
⶯Բһֺðɣ
Ҫö࣡
ȻĽˣϤˣ
գգ۾ڳæµĽֿ࣬ǰĹͣٿȻһš
СӲῴԼҴֶŮ˰ɣ
ͷʲôУ
һũξǱ˼Сּù飬Աץ˵ġ
˵ǰɣĽ྿ôʶģеҾӦòʲôŶ԰ɣ
ңϵһ̶ȣôôõĹĽ̽ף
üһݣĿڳƺܹһۿݵġ
֪ԼˣҲû̧°͡
ļˣҹһӦòʲôûǷ˼Ȼѯʣ
콨ԣҲͣеĶؿŹ͡
ѵ㲻գ
֮ǰΪֻأ				

107


ǶһʵģͣеĶҲǻԼһμĽģ
ûмʱĽ࣬ССĸӣСͷϡ裬ɫƣСһƬүڵϵʱһ˳
ͣе飬ôŹͽ
ˣĹں˹͵ĻҲط˽ŲŹͿУȴֲϤĽࡣ
ߵϦʼƶɷƯ
ǳ澲һƬʱͻŶίؽԼӶ
룬ǻ·ţȥˡ
ŵĲŲҪ˽лȴûſڡ
Ҳ֪ŮòһΣԼҲˣҲġôײԼǲԣռûײ׵ĺӣڸĸ߱Ǹ߻ˡ
ó˽лҲУԼϸǣʱԼúýΪԼ׬˵Ǯ˵֮ͿƮƮȻϡ
ĽЩߺҲСʲô
޳ܣƣ
Ľڵطææμߣû뵽ǣ澲ĵģ˵׼Žȥ˹͵Ļ˹
Ϊ˸ʦѧϰҽȥɽҩ˵һʲôҩֻںɽϣһҪȥժСǲ֪ǣɽмϻ
һĸ߸ߵͣסˡ
Ľ࣬ССͣΪʲôȥЩ
ҪŽȥֵԼ֮󣬻˹͵ĻվŶԷǹһĹŮĳɳ¡
ʱһʧһҼ涼˵ơ
Լͣվμ޵òѡ
ֲø˵ǶǷĽġ
Ŷһ˿һҡ
ֻҪ뵽ĽĶԼɷ˵Ƿ;ġ
Ƕôȥģôȥģ
ĽྭôۣƾʲôҪɷ
Ĺͽ꣬ҲûаһƿŲӲ˲ᣬתͷ뿪
ֻǣ뿪֮ǰԥһ°֮ǰԼӵϼǮƱȽ۵ĵط
˸ĸģʲôȥЩ
£ĽվԼǰһ裬øм

콨Ĩһͷǹʲôһٳ˵
Ա߱ȽѾ۾֮һĨ۾תͷҪȥҶˡ
Ůʲôʸ
ԱߵĹںѾ޳ˡ
СǸĽ
ôΪʲôҪޣңô޶ֹס
ĽŲסˡ

֪ҪʲôҪһ򱶡ǣҲ֣ܶƣֻ̡ΪģֻΪǸĽֻΪĽԺǿֱͦš
ӵؿǰĹͣͷƬ̣һĹ͵ļ
㣬ܺá
û˵֪
ԼãõĻôСһСΪԼıΪԼΣ׵УԣŬʵԼŬԼڱС
Ľӽžͷִҵе㲻Ծ
ôˣóԷˣΪﶼѾʰأ
ݿ˹һۣЦǺǵҡҡͷ
ǹ͵ĴҪŸǽ£һСһǱſˣĴ
ͶĽʵЩĵͷ
Ժ󲻻ˣ
콨굣˵Խ࣬Խ࣬æѻ
úóԵĶǲȻ죿ҴǺúȥ濴ֻǣַ˳Զ֮ٳʳĻ᲻оڳʳ
ĽһЦ
壬⻰ԺлĻҿҪ״ġ
콨ЦǺǵҡҡͷ
Ǹոʲôûʲôûһжǻþһжǻþ
Ϊ֮ǰѾһˣµʳĲǺܶ࣬ĽֻǼ򵥵˼ˣѾԱߵĴССֱóԡ
С˼ɵذ֭Լ棬治ͣ˵źóԡ
ա
úûȥŽ㣬ҪԺԺóԵķˡУúѧϰ֪ô
Ľ뵽ԼιҪ顣
ȥǰһ˳
С壬ҸǴĿαûµĻԶ࿴СǱߣԸĻҲԶ෭кô
˹˵ЩݲĽǸ򵥵ˣ仰ʱʶѯʡ
ǲʲôϢ
ϾǸʲôٻ˾ϵҺóĳ˿϶ԼõϢ
Ľ໷һȦ֮صͷ
ǰɣֻ黹ûöʱܸ߱ˡ				

108


ͿЩźȻ뵽ӹ֮ĽͿʼϵشѧϰ顣
Ľ˵Ҳ
˵Ժƻı䣿飬ôĶ˶ȥɻˡô꣬ҾҪĵĻеѡ
콨Ҳŵͷ
Ľ࣬Ҳ⻰ģƺе⡣
Ľ๴ǣƺѾһ㣬ԼİһֽһŵóǷ
ȥ·ݵıֽȻܶණûдЩмĶòءǿ
ǽһ·ݵıֽ汨ݺ֮ǰȻûʲôĲ𣬵ǿԿһеǲ
һ㡭
ǽ·ݵıֽҲǰЩӵıֽ
ԭҵĻûзʲô⣬Щ鱻Ľ˳˵һ
˵Щˡ
콨ɫ˱䣬ָָ档
Ľصͷ
Ȼ֪δʲôӣı䣬ǵĻᡣᣬΪЩ׼Ԥġ
콨뵽ĽͰٻ¥Ĺϵ˵ˣĽܹ֪ЩϢҲЩֻĽԼƲģӡǰ;
콨ԭнõ˼Ǳ֮ǰȼ֡
ԣڳԹ֮˸ڰĽнԼʱ鷿
滹ôʣʱش𡣡
콨ͷԼ뷨˵˳
ĽЩ졣
ƣٴճ˸иҵ콨֣ҪΪʵµġ
壬Ժ·Ļһһù١
콨ЦҡҡͷϵıҪжΡ
ǱżԱشӺеģϾʲôĳɼҲûĸܶδǰ;û뷨ûɳһҵģ
Ľ࣬ҲҪ룬βܽƬط඼˼⣬ɷ⣬ʷ˹ĵط㸸Ķˣǻʲô
ĽЦؿ콨ꡣ
ɣ
Ȼġ
ǾˣԼҲһˣΪʲôöûʲôô˵һãǰЩ˵Ļѡ֪Ϊʲôôƶһ±ô
Ϊʲô
ΪôһֱûзչûнͣڽиָĶܹٽҷչרѧȫڸͶ졣
Ľ뵽ǰԼһӰСš
棬ǸүݵŮҪʸڵʱҽԺĶʲôˣûнйרҵѵĺСѣǴԼʦ͸רѧߣһǵݽиҵйרҵܸصĽֻһǾǣŲһڴ϶
޴֡
׸ү˴ţһҽǶԷȴΪԼͷذԼˡ
ĽµԼһЦʱ콨Ĭ
ͬ뵽ԼӣʱڻϣֻĽһҽĽֻǸѧҽ겻СѡɶԷǸԼҽԺϰˣûҸŽ
ԣǲûãǲĲƸ֪ôʳô֪ũҵҪôչܽô֪ũ﾿Ҫô溦ôֺôҲֻũҵһ档
Ľ໻һ֪ʶܸõ֪ʶЩˡ
ܲŸϽЩ˵ĵλıǵ
ũҵأЩ沢ûиҵ򽻵ˡǣܲѧһ²Уѧ£ôţĲôССţĴʣ
ڡ
콨ĽⷬȻе˼ǸĿǰƣвͨ
ĽЦһ
壬Ҳ˵ΣΣֻҪԸƴҵ˭ȥңܱڲ٣
ǹƻһ콨ǰ£ԼΪʳ֮Ĺϵ
үүǸѼϼܣأΪʳ÷չ׳үүλˣҲй⣬ټϸ潻ͷ䣬ΪʳǻڣһүүĶӼ̳ˣ˺֮䣬һֱѪԵӽܵϵǾ档
ĽЦЦ۵ųһĨĿĹ
ֻҪҵϵһֻҪΣ棬֪ô
Ȼ֪Ľ˵Ľһ˷ԼôԷͻᱻһȺȺ֮ǸոոڴӵĴ峤Ϊд档
콨㱵ĵͷǰСȻЦ̣˵˾
⻹ǸոڸĸǰԴǼҵСô
֮ǰĲϷҲ˿
Ľ࣬ģֻʮô				

109³


Ľ䴽ǡ
ǵһʵģҲǵһشġǣ˶ǱƳģҪţúõػţһЩŬһЩ
Ľתţ콨꿴Ľ뿪ıӰ̲ס̾Ϣһ
˵Ĳ˶ǱƳģŲһʮĺӡ
ȻӿͷĽĸףֻΪŮоԺɣ
Ľ뿪˷䣬ͼСݳĬصݹǮƱݡ
Ǹոʯͷſڷֵġ
Ľһ£ûнӡ
С廹ԼŰɣʲôµĻõϡ
Ľ࣬㲻ҪΪֻʱתѣԺˣ˵ͨˣ
ֻǣ˵ⷬԼš
ɿĽСϳֵһĨįۡ
Ľ๴ǣҡͷ
ûϵ֮ǰѾ׼ֻǡ
˵ʲô֮Цҡҡͷ
ûʲôʱ䲻ˣȥ˯ɣʯͷһ˯ȥ費Ҫ̫ġ
ؿһĽ࣬ͷ뿪
ߵʱȥ˿͡
Ľ̫ܲãԵĻ鷳㰲οһ
Ȼ֪Ľĸоϣʵȴһǻһˮһ
㡣
뿪֮ҵ˻ڳæµĽࡣ
ʲôҪæô
ĽָָԱߵùͰԼ棬һжŪ֮˲һš
ʲôʱ߶ҡ
Ľһ㶣Ȼ󻺻Цˡ
ڱʯϣùԱߣԼļϡ
壬Һۣ
ͷ΢΢һ٣µؼḧš
۵Ļ˯ɣԶ
ĽֻЦЦ˵
ʱ˵Ժ˻˺ӵĻƾͲô˵ˡ
ЩֻѣԶҪ档
ʵʱѾ˳ֵ׼ǵȵʵʷʱһЩۣѹ˵ȷһֱȽ̰Ķ㣬үү⹫˾ôάңҺ㡣ɻǿƲסҪõǵĿ϶ͬһ佱ĻС
̧ͷգɫް
û
ĽЦЦ䴽ǡ
ǰôãôຢӶãԼƿңûи԰ɣǣΪʲôôأһ޴ʯͷѹ޷һ
û˭һ¶Լͥ˵ҲϣԼѰ˼ҵĺһĸţǻţڰɳš
û˸ĸףйүүʦ⹫ţо˾ǣ֪ˣԼ
ǰõ̫̫ˣ
壬ҲȥˣؼҺòãʱүү˵ˣҪȥô

һϣĽ˵ʲô;ֻһ仰
ã
С˵˵ţڹϳ˯˹ȥ
תͷֲĽᣬСİĽ౧ֻǵȵשͷʱŷ֣ſڹںؿĽࡣ
Сϣͬʱд˺Լ䲻ۡ
̲סǣ̧̧°ʾÿСĵذĽͽ˷䡣
콨ÿһĻ۵йâ˸Ƭ̣ŵ߹ȥ
˯ˣ
ţ
Ҳס
磬ҪȥܲܰæƱ
֮ĳƱǳС㵽ģһֱĽһ·ܿ࣬ŵĶõĳᡣ
Ǵȥʱųߣӣ̫㡣
콨ԭҪĽæϵͷ絷⣬˵ǵڶһȥ졣
콨뿪֮Сһֱӱס˹͵Ĵȣһһ
ˣ
ġ
ͺӿǰСһͷ
ǣģˣԺ˭ǽĵĻСֲ顣
Źںӻȭͷ
СһͬʱһĿҡҡͷ
ǳ˻ᱣ㣬ýĵġ
Ц
ǽұֻҪҪ㳤󣬿㳤С
˾ͲҪٷˡ
ϵصҲһʧ
Ľúõ˯һҹ֪Լ˯֮ʲôֻã˯֮Լѹʧ˲١
㣬ˣԷòãҺʯͷһأ
ֱӣ˽Ҳ˽
ĽЩȣŵһ̲סЦˡ
ⷹѾˡ
СһһڴĿ⣬ص
ͷ
಻ôģҪСһ㣬ҪôС
ʹ汧һľһĻ̲ס䴽ǡ
Ľֱ࣬ˡ
ģһɷɵд⡣
ú˵˵ǣһû˵ͱǱˣ˵Լ
ĽЦǺǵĵͷҪ˵ͼ콨ĳ˽һץסĽĸ첲Ҫ泶
ߣˣ				

110˵

˵
ԭҪĸ첲˻ȥɿеľһתͷݣˮİóһ˵Ĳ
͹ڶһۣ˷ɿҨˮ̨ĻŽ˳ȥ
·ϣ콨ŸĽ˵顣
ԭµظɻʱ˾㱣ųͷһӳԼϡ
ũ͸Ĵûҽô
콨ѿ
УǸûá첻ҺȻǻҡ˵ҸոΣѪáȥĲãûˣ˵ʲôòã
콨һᵽҲݣ໰һ쮡
Ľ䴽ǡ
Ϊ㵽쿪ʼѾϵһ˰ͬ棬żͬδ䣬㻹Ŵ󲿷ֵϡ
콨⻹ǵһʣԭʾʲô˼ǿǰһȺΧ£ŵˣüͷһ壬ջԼҪ˵Ļ
ĽҲ߼ȥˡ
ֻȺмһɫˢ׵رԼСȣϵıЩ¡
ݵСóĲţҪֹѪĽע⵽Ѫ˳Ȳ
ϣԭ˵رȾһƬɫҷѪȵζǵĽӽ
ΣⲻǿЦô˵Ҫһҽô˸СŮ
˵ļĽĽ˶Ĺ֮ɿ˹
λͬ־ҽɣƣѪôֹס
ûתͷѾӿʼĽ࣬Ǹ˵Ĳ˹ȥ
ĽԭҪͻȥȡȴһתͷԼҪĶͷԼǰһϲɿؽӹ򿪲ʹó˼롣
Աߵ˿һĻȻһƬ
СǸ򣿡
ɣŶͣǼССɣģġ
˵ŵǸǽôܻͦ˵ġ
˵ǽأ

ҽͷӶ˽һĻ˵ſһƭӡ
ǽģ ô깵ĵط
ĽŽԼ˵룬ɫһ䣬˵ȥĽһơ
Ľ䲻˸ţһ򣬽׺ݺݵһ£˵һ
Ͷ˵߹ĽСز鿴ĽףȴԸٶЬӺԼĽű˼롣
Աߵ˽ٴαˡ
Ů˻ǲģΪĽ콨Ȱ˵ŮĽƣǸĽǸǼıһΪѡ
Σ˿ǼҵĶ˳ʲôҪô𣿸һҴСĳԳԺȺôôôడ
ϵ촽˶ҪڣȴǿƵϱһƸȥ
ũôСĵطʲô紵ݶģ˭֪һĻռҵǸŮ˵ǮأǮƱһһѡ
˲ѪȽ˶ѡǶźׯҵģôˣûܹˣȥϢϢͺˣûǮôУ
ɫһ䣬ǰһű顣
Ȼβÿ
Ů˿ôͷҲˣԼ˵ôһǮ飬ݺݵһĭӵһƨ˵ϣԼĴȹǺ
Ǿǹģⲻȥⵢ˿ôôӴ
ĽҲĿ̫࣬ûˣ
βҲУβˣ
ͽ˽ȭͷĶ֣ڶԷͱȽϴ󣬻һŮˣҲûг֣һĻȴŮ˿ŵ͵ȭͷϴ˴ա
ϴ첻ҴҾͲд
ιͣϱ˵壬øǰͱŮ˿캰صضԭأ޷
۸Ůˣ۸Ůˣ
콨ըˣûмôˡ
ĽһԼ׵ʹһ֮ư룬ҪڣͼԶһϤ΢ش˹
ƴˣ
ѭؿ˹ȥ㵵ؼͺĳʱ۾һɨѳ߳

֪Ĳ֪ķ׷˿ΪŮ׼ս
һȻǳҲû¶
˭֪ռǳˣ¶ֻǸǸٵǸ
Σˡ
ֱǴɨԼϣšڡһ໽ųų˹ȥ
Ҹƴˣ				

111²Ҫǵȫ

֮ǰûڱǰ¶һ棬ո֮һŭ֮³ҲΪҪĽ಻Լʱе±ơ
˵ʱʱ죬ײϵʱĸ첲һǰһӰֱӳڴǰ
ĽȻؿǰֵˣЩȡ
ȻĲ
Ĳƫݣ˵Ķ֣ôݺһײֱһƨ˵ϣҲôأûôˤۡ
ܵԵãֱſĲĻ棬˵
ְ˽ŵİӵϷȥĲԱߵĳĲһۺͷŭ޲ȥٴһܡ
֣û°ɣ
Ĳû뵽ԼŮһô飬üͷصһ۳ٿĽ࣬ٲȻһģ
һøʲô֣ôһؼң
˭ˣʲôϵҲô
Ҳôģһ²һ£ԭǸøϣѲƤǺõģҲԱѹȰ˵Ľǻȥ
ĽЦЦû˵ɲ벻ȥ˼òǻȥ⡣
Ļûڣͼһ¿ˮ̵ģ˵ոĲԼҪ⳥
Ĳġ
֪ԷҪȴ֪ԷôҪ
ĽЦг˹ȥ
㣬Ҫ
ҲﰡҰְָոմһøͬ־㱨
ֱһƨһָԼĸ첲ȣĶĶ
ӴԭɶʱѾˣ
첲ȶǸոհҰְƵʱ̫˰ɣһɵҽԺƣвǸ첲ȶвģֻҪвǰơ
գգ۾ͷЩġ
вô鰡
Ľ۵Ц⣬һĻԷȻˡ
ȻǰԴÿȻ󿴿ûˮ֪ôǸԴҿĹһСͷģҽԺʵϰҽ֮о飬˵Դ;ԲұԴ
˫һûһƨڵϡ
Ա߿ϷĴһҲ͵Ц֪Ľڶ档
ûзӦæͷҡɲ˹ġ
ֻǸ첲ۣԴۡ
ֻǣתͷִϵЦ֮ɫһҪĽȴĽЦ¡
λҪҲУǣĲô
ˣ
ֻԼװѣͲ£˫ֲָĽ콨ǣҪǸԼǮ
콨ҪڣͼĽһȻθ˼ȡ
ҪǮҪô㲻뵱ѸĻһǷȰϹȥҽԺһȻĻֱӻؼ׼ײˣ
ʲôѾͷ㾹Ȼˣҽ첻һɫƣ㲻֪
ŭĽߣԱ˽ס
Ҵɩ㿴磬е㲻Ծ
߳һۣԼֽɫԼǽյ۾ʱһ
ɿضӣ´˵
ѣ㲻Ҫң㲻ҪҰ
⺷һŮˡ
콨Ҳ˲ԾֱӶӣ߶ʮһҪ˵ı̽ϢȴֱӸķˡ
Ϲúõأܡ
ڸٶ඼ûãٲȾûˣȷҪҼƤȥ
ҧҧһָ˱˹ȥ֮һ
⡭⡭⡭
Ľ֪ôһȻСȣǻ˶ѪܣͦѾܸˡ
Σ㣬ȾˣȾҲҪǮˣʲôҪˣ
콨ԭҲ˻еգǿԱĽһУϵģҡҡͷԱָָĽࡣ
õҽֻˡ㲻ҪСҵϱڻʱ򣬻Ӻϱõúܡ
æͷתͷĽæ
ĽЦеصͷ
Ǹո㶯Ұ֣Ҫ裬ҪҪǮ
ԲҸǵǸҸǿͷˣͷô
ƾҪ¹ȴɿס˸첲תͷĽࡣ
Ľ࣬ٲã֮ǰǼҡ֮ǰ߶˻ɽ£һ·˱ġ
Ľͷһм
ǼȻԭ㣬Ҳ޻˵أҪɣ
úúãҪ٣ϻȥȡ
ͷ絷⣬ھţԸ⡣
࣬Ҫǵȫ				

112һ

ʲô
ȫ
ϵıôһ˲ĳ鴤ǿЦһ
Сͬ־㲻ҪҿЦˣ㿴˶ˣȸβɣ
ĽЦڣתͷȥ콨ꡣ
콨Ѿ֪ϵûΣգҲĽһѵΪѵرʾ˼ҲԸβҲûа취
ֻܸĲǸ
ոնҵĲԣҴˣҸǵǸҲãҶԲǡ
˵һ仰ԼϴһƣҪж
Ҳ뵽ԼĲʲô飬ԼʲôӡҪĽ飬ǿŮѾߵĻȥ
ʲôʸҪЩοŮոѾΪЭһˡ
ͣǵһαô߿ĲȻЩɿһ߸ߵ̧°ͣǷʩһĽࡣ
ѾǸˣ㻹Ͻβ
ĽЦ
˵˭ƺʶأ
Ľ಻Լڴ֮ͥ¾ʧӵĲŭصĽ࣬һ졣
ҿ첻ҪϷߣҽҪѵѵ㲻С
һ䣬һֱȺ˳ֻ첲ǰ
㲻ܴ㡣Ҳ㡣
ĽͷһǣǰһĲ߲һ£ͼĲԼĲȥϻŵ㲻š
ĽࡰżùͰͻȥеĽ뱻ɿջġ
壬Ұְֺɼô
콨ЦеصͷӦ¡
ҲϲĲԼݶĽߺԼˣ˵ʲôĽ㣬ò
裬Ұְ岻ãǻȥչ˰ɣ
ȻѾѡôͼְɣ
ǰǹ¶ֱүүȻ飬Ѿ໴ĸ׵͡
һͻҪ˵ʲôǱͣȻظȥ
ûΪԼ˵ûΪԼҵϵ˿һҧݺݵһȡ
ãҸ
ĽԼβԼȥȡ
Ľ֮󣬶£˵ȡ¼롣
콨Ǿ㵡
⣬ʲôʱϵģ
ΧҲþ棬ǸովվԱ߿ĽĶҲûзʲô
ĽЦҡҡͷϸĵػ˸λø˼롣
һݵؿĽ࣬߸ߵؾ֡
֪֪ڽոոԼʱ򡣡
콨Ȼ
ʱҵ߶ĳͻȥˣȴû뵽ĽûЩ
壬Ҫƾߺɴô
콨תͷԼС鳤Էϵͷ
У
ũм򵥵ҽҩңճõҩƷеģֻûרҵҽѡ
վԱϢؿĽ˵˿ָϣ֮ɴزһ¡
̫ˣ˿ںпܻŧÿÿ춼Ҫϴһ˿ڣȾУòҪµظɻ˿ڱĻ˵Ѱ졣
ʱĴҴң߹ⷬϵͷ絷⡣
úúãɻҸɡɡ
ŵɫһͲ԰ֽǵġ
ֻǷһ¾ô᲻ᡭ
չ˺ˣͲᣬչ˲ãͻᡣ
ʱҲûƢ۾һ۵ģеĶĽݹȥᡣ
Ľؽӹ
ȫҲô᲻Լ͵͵˲٣УҰⶫˣʲôҩ
ɿصͷ
ȫȫҩȽ㣬ȵũ˶֮ٻܲúֳ¶ɣ
Ľ˶Żѵ͹ڻ콨סֻǵȵ콨֮ǰһǮ͸Ʊݸ콨ꡣ
ǸҪתô
Ľҡͷ
֮ǰˣȥҲһû⡣οǶǴˣҪһӹġǮæǸƷģʧѪֻ̫࣬ܲѪȥҽԺѪȻֻܲܺúš
콨Ȼ֮Ӿȡ
֮ǰҪǮ뵽ЩһΪ㡭
ΪҪǸҪǮҪ֪ǮУҲƲǸԣܸһʹĽѵҪռ˱ˣܻʧȥࡣ
ĽԹһ£Ǯһٶ飬Լˡ
˵꣬Цس콨꼷۾
ңŸİô
Ե±ԹҶ˭콨겻
콨һ㶣û뵽һСС飬ȻĽһˣĽӻȲ١				

113ûв͸ǽ

ûв͸ǽ
⡣
豻ũһѺΧţߴߴش顣
Сӣг֮ǰһֱƲ˿ɿҫ飬޲ðԼȫ¶֪
ҽոտˣô⣬ͷˣȻҽߣ
̶̵ָڿŻȻǲסĽովôĵģɼǵô·ġ
ԱߵĹһѰҡͷ
ԣԡոġ
ѧһ顣
Щ˲ŭͣŹڻɫؽĽոβ˵ӣĵƶС˹ȥ
ģ
ûв͸ǽĽֻ־ͰĲŵǼ飬Ǳ˴
ĲţҲռҳ˴еģһ̽ǰԣдС˼سųΧ˹Ľ顣
˵ʵ֪Ҳ֮࣬ǰҲἰĽ飬Ҳһְ꣬ǱŵǶ䣬Ҳֻ˵ɣܸɣТ˳صʲô˵
֮ǰ͵˹͵ĻٶŮ˵ǳʶ˽죬ŷ֣Լǵ͹ԼŮ
ܹ治ɫظ˷˿ڣýֹѪô׵˵ԼֻҽԺʵϰˣЩҽԺҽҲضá
Ǵߵ侢ǷϵöܽʵҪϲأ
ڳУԼҹŮʲôǺ
ġ
ų˵һһ߸ɻ
Ȼ֪˼ҿЩ󣬵һŮţ˭Ľ˭ʣ
֮ǰ˵ϼҾʣ㹫ŮôǹʱǸ·Ǹôģǲ㹫㹫ǲҲܸɣ
ҡҡͷ
ǰܸɵţϾǴС㣬֪ö࣬Ҳ࣬С鶼Ŵģڹֻͷɻѡ
ʲôĽҽԺ淢ĸô
ſҪ˵һĽ˱ȽϺã˼ʳˣܶ˴ȥԷɻߣ뵽˹˵ģǸĽţ˴ȥֵʱǰѿڶĻȥ
ûûʲôǶҵ͹ġ
ʧĴ񣬼ء
ֻܿũ洫Ŵţ˳ұռã˵ģ⣬ĲЩǳ˵ģ˵˵Լ䲻ϳ
ǣڼֳ
ӦĲڳ۾ˮĬĬ
ϰ챻Ľŵ飬Ĳһ˵̱˵ֶƫƫһ䶼
ЦǺǵغ͹ڶŽõķԼˣԶԶ˳ܵͣס˽Ų
Ҫǻȥɣ
費ȥְ裬ÿ趼ûǰְ־û¶¶һ㶼Ҫ׵ĺӡ
Сʱû˰ְ֣Ҳ֪иְ־Ȼôֲͷס֡
н͹ˣ
Լûаְ֣ҲȥˣҲͦõô
СԴŹֻҡ
Ľ࿴ǻЩȣڵĽ֮߹ȥԴ
ǰְദʽѣְָ˾ôദģ㲻÷ϡ
ͣҡҡͷֱؿĽ࣬͡
Ųǣְֻж͵ǲ˶ܺõġ
Ľû취һӽô࣬Ҳƻһںе󣬾ܣǸ˿Ѿûʲô
ҲӼᶨҪߵġ
Ӻκ˶ףһԭͥ
ںӵӰ졣
ϣԺɳĵ·ϣڼͥĸһֱģҲԺ˼ңɵڶĲϾⶼСĿȾ;ü游׾ĸ׾
ûټͣ´ҳ˸ɾ
ԵĶӱģЦŹڳȥ棬ֻʣˡ
ѾǶ˺ȥƱ̣ҪźӵĻȽס
Ľм˼ҩţʳķӹͶұ콨ϲ֮Щ㷡
ռˡ
Ľҡҡͷ
ûУԺĵطأǰͽ¸أ
콨һЦѷĽ˵Ĺϵ⡣
ǱתĻȽ鷳
ȸǿ֤Ȼȵߵ֮ҸŷĹȥ
ĽԥƬֻ̣ͬ⣬Ͼʼ֮⣬ûİ취
֮ǰĽ콨һ鷿棬ũչļƻһ飬ͳ˴ź֮⣬æ콨Ժӷ˷ֳȥũ޺ˡ				

114±

콨ĽԼ鷿̸飬洫ٵ
ԭΪũֳʲô飬һӶӳЦظĽһǸӰæũ˭û취޺ˡ
ũô
콨һ±ơ
ĻﻹҪ˳أ˲˵ûл
һӶӳݺЦݡ
أأճʱ򣬾ͷũˣû೤ʱͻˣ
˾ް
콨һߣһ߿ڡ
ĽԱЦ
ոշĶͻˣ˲ϱ˻ѱ
һӶӳЩȵؿһĽ࣬ɿصͷ
ɲôǶ˵ҪޣǱθסˣ˵׼ȥרҡ˵еطҲˣǲȥרҹרҵУǶųȥˣ¶ӰǾһˣ
ֻû뵽ǸСӴӹȥʱ򣬿ȥãȻԼԭû¶û뵽Լĵģȥ˵ʲôͣͻͻˣ
Ľü䣬һĽԷԼ
콨˶ԷĽͣЩЦؿĽࡣ
ֶҵľأһƶ˼ƻһôһ̨ãõúܣ
յĵڶũ濱ΣΪƣũ滹һûпĻҪŪЩأ⡣
˵䣬ѾߵǱߡ
Χͻͻð̵˷ܵ˵ʲôʧһϸʲô
ĽǸո߹ȥͼݼһĨ˵Ȼչ͵Ľһزš
ţ˵Ŀ£ͻͻĳǰߡ
ŵһȺȺӣЦػţվŵĴҲһŨŨϲá
Ľ࿴ȺվţͦεĹͣһ֡жɡϲøС
ͺܿ첶׽ĽߣϴЦؿͼĽ೯һĴָǿ϶
Ц
ԽԽһˣ
֮ǰ˱ӵУʲôʱ˴Ĵڣ
һеԭֻǰʮС
ţͼ콨һӶӳŹ߹ȥҪæ޼
֮ǰڹѧ˲ٻά޵ĶҲڿⷽ鼮ȷܲ޺ãֻ˵ŬԿ
һ뿪ߣҲɿظ˹ȥ
ĽԼȥʰؼҪߵĶʰţͼСܲͷһͷ󺹵س˽
㣬㣬ĸӵĳӶޡ
ҲԱߵͷ絷⡣
ӸոնˣȻ˵ʲôûˡø˺ø˵ġ
Ľεȡ˼ϵëǲ
ԣǽ
С˶һۣ׷׶ܿԷеΪѡ
ôƣ嶼
СһΪѵʱһȺ˴ӵ콨͹˽͵ʮЦ⡣

ΪûûڵԼ
Ľ࣬ԼźڽϹ֡
Ľ෭˸ۣŴҽлҪ˵ӣӸҵˮ衣
Щ˶ũˣݲͣܲϲӣϲЩģݸ͹ϵãߥ̡
콨ȻּɣϾˣ޺õĳٻˣܲרҰɣҲ˵˼ûʱ䣬˵רҵĽӴҲһ¶
ûв˽óֽţӳӵĹ쿪ʼǽȻǸãԼ׻Ĳ֣ҪһεĲ֡
еһͷˮе۾콨꿴ǰһĻӿ϶Ľ֮ǰ飬ũǸƻļӳ֣øá
һ̸̸һϡ
ĽͰסˣϴ裬ȥ˯ȵڶ˵ͱ˽ˡ
ЩΣʱ򣬼˲١
ũ϶طҲڣֻǴѡ
ŹǸԼµСˣͼ콨һϲɫ˽
Ľ࣬ߣҴ㿴
ĽãظŶԷţͼϣصĹߣЩ˵ؽзĳ档
һ治ǶЩظˣũ˻ܳԲôֱǷ
ָǱ߱һµֳӸĽ࿴
ֻҪװһ²ˢһᣬǺúõһ
Ľû˵ֻĿؿǱ¹
ʱģЩӣЩ˹޷Լרҵĸ˲š
ǲı
񣷣Ѿһˣһ죬ѾԶˣ				

115ʲô

ڵ뿪ʱ䣬ݿԼԵĳӣĽȥվ˳ȥ콨ǻؼҡ
콨ڳţԽп
ʵһ㶼뿪ܹһֱũáҲ֪õũסǡôû£Թ棬ʱũһںõĶࡣ
ĽЦǺǵصͷӦ¡
İԼļƻߵĻһдֻϣүүͦסӱժˣܹλҲС
¾£ʱũ˸飬Ը뿪Ҳ¶ԷǶүүȣͲˡ
룬Ľϳ֮ǰ콨һֽЦؿ콨ꡣ
壬ǵСܣ뿪ٿ
콨һ£Ц
ΪĽཻԼúչС飬ҲûзϣЦǺǵطŽ˿ڴ档
ݵǶġ
Сһ˽СˣСʱС徿ôһģСô񵰸ӳˣˣɾʲôûˡ
Ա̨߲
裬裬Ȼؼ֮ȥɽϣˣܴϻˣ
εط˸ۣսȭͷŹؿڴһȭ
ܴ˵ģ֪֪
˼Ҵ꣬˼ʲôᣬʲôУԼȴŪԵĺȵģɢգһһ죬䡣
ĽЦǺǵسݼ۾
СȻ뱻˱ȥĻһͷ鱾ǵúúŬСȻʱǿˣӶġ
ݲ鲻ԸصͷǽĽҲҼеǷ飬ϲ
ĽͷӦ¡
𳵼ˣҲ˵Ц˺۾ǸԷֿ
ȥ·һ·ܰĽûôԵģֻ׼˲ٽ֭˳һ·ֻҲ˿ˮֱ
㣬Ǽô
Ľֽ˽վǰЩİЩЩ˵
ĽЦŴţҪţžͼøƽһˮ׼ϵվſڵĽ֮һ㶣Ȼɿӭ˹
Ľˣ죬һ·˰ɣѶңǸϽϢһ¡
ĽһԼеıԼһЦſƽ
ԣø
ƽǣҪڣͼӱƿѩӰڴǰ
ô⡭
˵һ룬ͿվſڵĽࡣ
ɫһ䣬εسǣĽ˸кҪݡ
Ľ֣ƹƽһߡ
ѩүүأ
ѩлǷ飬ԽԽȻתͷŭصĽࡣ
Ľ࣬㻹ûнѩѩùúòã
գգ۾ǰŮˣԼԺĸ׸Լܹġˡ˺ţС泷˳
ԼĹùôеġˡô
Ϊʲôÿ£оԼְֻô죿
ԺҪסô
ðҵĺùùãһ£үүأ
үүүүˣϢأ
Ľຮһӽݡ
һӣһѬ˵ζ˹üͷԽԽ
ߣζԽԽ
ȿǸһȦ۾ˣĽɱ˵˼ˡ
ӵĽ֣ һ۴ϵˡ
㣬ǵүүôˣ

ȻɵĲǲүүҴƱ˻
ӽ;òԾүүܰϧԼļңԼԺӣԺ˲ٲݲ˵ԺҲǼûɨһ
ȻˣͲѩ֤
˵ĽŲѩҧҧ꣬ΪԼ⡣
Ҳֻ֪ҲǹģҺͽǷ¼Ķϸչ˰ְô죬Ҳ㹻˰ɣ
ѩ
ĽȻڡ
ѩĽһʶӦӦֱ֮ס
ԼĹùãùã
ɻû˵ڣͼĽ۾ŷŭѪɱ⳯˹
ڣϹҿ㡣
㣬˵ʲôҲҵļңƾʲôҪߣҲŲأ
ʰְֽǮɰֲ˵Ҫ֣Ųġ
Ľɿֽ֣ڴ棬Ȼһسѩ˹ȥ
˵ߣ
ѩȻĽƣվԭء
ߣ˵ʲôߡ
ɻ䣬ͼĽ೯Լ֣ȻоǱ۷һ㣬ǰһڣ˳ź˹ȥ
ƽһֱעһУû֮󣬷ɿ˽ͼѩ۾µ˱ڻ־ֵؿĽࡣ
㣬ʲô				

116¾ŭ

ĽЦһ
Ϲ´ҿǵĻԼȷˡ
öЩĴģүүģүүԹԼӦ÷ŹҪŮ
ҧһڣӦðѹŶԡ
ΪԹ˵ҧһھ͵ڻҧڡ
飬ѻѩŮҪ˻ľ
ƽ̧ͷĽеĻŹ룬һһֱ˵Ľѧҽ֮ǰЦ˵һǺŪ˵䵽ԼϣЩȷˡ
ǺŪ˵ģβãѲɻβô
䣬֮ǰҲѩ˵֮ǰʱҽԺ飬ݺݵһڿˮذѷֵѩ塣
Ľ࿴뿪 źݺݵһ
߹Ľ֣ػ˻Ρ
㣬˶ˣҪҪѹ˺òã
Ľಢ֪СһСӻ֪ʲôصͷҪ˵ʲôͼӲҴҵ˽
Ľࣿˣ˾ͺã˾ͺáүүο˴ˣ㲻ڼңھҪѩˣ
Ľ˽Ӿʲô顣
̾Ϣһ˵ǰ
˵ѩŮţ˺öԵĺȵģҵʱ˵ѩˣûãռԺѩմ󺣷ŭȻֻӴһûˡ
Ҫû飬ҪҪæѩǸŮסˡҪأҽԺѧУﶼҲˣ˼СǱҲӰ
ĽлӣȴȥǼһүӻ죬һ¡
ȴܾˡ
ҲҪҪͽһ𡣴ǸҲүүˣҲӦչ
СһǼֺ档
Ľһ㶣Ȼ󻺻Цˡ
һôܲţȻĺӻ˼Ͳ
ֻǣĽƿүӵı֮ɫһ䡣
֪ζˣ
үү޷鶼ûãһױȫʺ
մ󺣵Լ֪Ϊʲô죬үѾΡ
ѩƽһŮҪүүԸûԣˮ
Լؼһô졣
ԱĽĻһŭ
βҲû취ĽʲôֻǰĽ˵࣬Ū˵Сˣ ְæĽԺ涼ɨɾٻؼҡ
棬Ľ˼򵥲ϴһ֮Žγմ󺣡
մ󺣿ǰͻȻֵŮ˳ղͣ£ſֺϣ
үүһˣ û¶ġڸүү飬ۻ߲ҪţҪңô
մصصͷǵ۾תͷͼվԼߣͬ۾Сܲͷ
ĽЦŽܡ
үү裬ҿ˶ְ͡ǱҲû취չԾͰ˴˻
մǿͷͷ
ããã
ĽүӼһ飬үŲۣҲ˵ԺԼʱ䶼ҪԲڴ޷ǰƼʱֲҲҪ
ĽûֱӸմֻ赭д˵ҪúմҲûж롣
Ľˮүٺúϴϴ裬;ʹŹš
˵үүˣ
ţ
Ľ򵥵ذ˵һ顣
˵ĽҪүϴ裬ͺ׽ӹ
Ľ࿴ԼС첲СȶҲԼүŪϼˣֻܽȥںԼġСӺҲȥذæ
ǸϴӵĹĽǮͲƱȥ˸ڡ
ںҳûЩǮƱݣȻԼп׽⡣
ӣǼûжı죬үүıѾϴˣǼûжģҿǮ
ӷɿصͷ汧һոµı죬Ľߡ
ǮǮҴŪ˶ٺôˣô˼ҪǮ
ȥʱʼ͵͵ذ·ÿ׬Ǯ˵ļⶼĽĹ͡
ĽǿӲذǮͲƱӣԼűȥ
ĽҲףһ͸ɣҿԣҪһġ
椶˹
֮ǰףҶӣⶫ׼ġ
Ůһۡ
õĶ˵һһôһġУĽ⺢Ӻͱ˲һǷծףѻΪ֮ǰΪʲôһֱǼң
ΪʲôΪǼߵñȽϽô
ǵģΪүүµʱæ㲻֪ɣүүµʱЩܱһվ˶ûСڻ顣
ɣ
ʲôģǮõʱʱ̻̿顣ǺӣĲס				

117ʧ

˼ĽŶ壬Ҳϲ
űӻؼңͺѾϴӣ·
ȵĽѱ֮մ󺣼֮۾ڰ֡
ãҿþɵġ
Ľ䴽ǡ
þɵģôõµģ
մһΪӵģȴͬ
ʱҲմ󺣾ǶԺ̫ãԲŻɼӶֻȡø
ɷҲûоԣĶͶڹʱ򣬻˵ǱߵزȻǶûж٣ »ǵͶѾܿɹ
Ľôͣմɼ֡
ò׻ˣССģݵģ⿴žͿ
ĽֻܰƤ߸СС衣
СһգŴ۾תͷǸֿȥסĽ֣մҡͷ
үүҪ˯õĵطҲҪүү˯õĵطǲ磬Һүүһ˯ǾͶ˯õطˣ
Ľû뵽边ȻЩЩȣҲЩϲ
ȴմ󺣷ɿؾܾˡ
Ľ֪մʲô˼εؿ͡
壬мҪ鷳㡣
Ѿ֪ĽҪ˵ʲôֱҡҡͷ
Ҫ춼סæ
ĽһСҼҵģô˵壿ңģҲ
ں˵Ҫסһ˷ܼˡ
Ľ࣬ϻȥһΪʳãɵ֮ŷ֣ԭ¡ĵطſȸǲԼϤ˵Ӱȫİˡ
Բһ£أ
ʳõĸ˿Ľ࣬Цеӭ˹
Ľɣ֮ǰ˵㡣ѾˣҪɻĻһ¸ʮǮô
ʮ飿
Ľһ£ҡͷ
Բ𰡣һѧûʱأǸ
첽ʳãҵԼСͽܳ°
°Ľû˹
ôˣǲż飬ʲô
°ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ͻȻһ죬˴˽˵ԺǸȻǸ˸ҽ˹ʣҲԸ⣬ͰҸϳˣ
Ľüͷ

ûȥҹô
ˣôûңǴ֮˼һ˵ҲүӹҲҲ
Ľ֢ỹңͷó°뿪ȥˡ
ţĽǿ˾ǣҲһĽ֣һѱһؿߡ
⺢ӣʲôãȻѧ˼ȥĲѼǮˣ˵ǮȥˡǷİ˵䣬ӲǲֱӰԼλҲŪûˣ
ĽпһȻԼĵıʵ
ԣΪʳõˣЩڶĲˣ
ţ̾Ϣһͷ
Ľ࣬˵ЩҲеΪ顣ǲ֪ŪĶˣҼȥǣȻǸ˻
ƿӣԼʯȡ
ĽشҳûþͼšüҹĹ͡
壬㡭
㲻ܹܡ
֪㵣ңүү
ǰûѾڲǷʲôˡ
Ľ˸£ҡҡͷ
үүţүүһغˡð˵ǳ϶û¶٣ǻ֮
ǡ
֪㵣ҵİΣǷİɣ»Сĵġ
ĽٴνΪʳã滹Ź͡
˵ʲôҲĽһ˹ȥ
Ҫ壬֪ĶĻԸһôңռΪʳãֻҪطô
Լͽܸߣʳ˶ûУԵͼ
Ŷǲǿطʲô
ĽȻ̧ͷĿֱֱؿΪЦˡ
ң
Ϊʲôô˵
Ϊҳλ֮⣬ûʲôĶϵܵģҲֻ˰ɣ
Էһ㶣ȻһЦһ͵ؿĽ࣬ٿĹ͡
ǣǵĿ㡣ߵ˲öֻܴ֡Ҫˣ˿߲ˡ
Ľ࿴ԼĹͣҡͷ
һˡ
Ľ࣡
ǵһιô֣µؽĽ֡
ЦеسŹͻ˻֡
ƹ£еԡ
壬ڼչ˺үүǣҲµġ
˿Ľģ̲סЦһ
Ҳò˵Сﵨ				

118Ϥİ

Ϥİ
Ľ֮ôƶԭģԷµشҶ֣ԭ֤ܶණ
ǰ˶еףȴûʲô⡣
е㲻Ľ࣬ݺǼĵظĽ󣬿û뵽˻û߶Զͱ˸סˡ
СֵܣȥǼϴҺúõشˣﵽĿ֮Ҳȫȫβذ˸ͻ
ĽҲſȰ˵ݺ뿪
СĲ£
£ΪʲôҪ£ں£»ʲôµģǷᣬѵ˵ǸҶʲôô
зɿػһĨͣɻǽӹ
ĲסĽ۾ȻĽɵʱһֵĽĺ󾱴
Ľӳ֮ǰѾ׼ϣﵽͿҩϸ룬Ʒ絽һ˲䣬ѾѸݵذеϸ˳ȥ
ٴʱѾһ΢ƫƧ棬ɫڣֻһƴһӣһյ͵ơ
üͷɫ˵أûһϤӰ
СﻹȻˣ֮ǰֵܣ
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ҩ˯ȥ֮ʲôⶼûСԣӦÿԴȥӦüˣӦ˰ɣϾЩһϣܲùô
üͷһȻûϵĽоô
ûκֻƬĽܲµ⡣
ǺһЦ
Сӵżɣ
ĽµòЩ˹ԼΪԼˣΪԼҽ
ܣԼԼİҽʲôֵġ
棬һˣɫҰܣ۾գؿ΢ĺͻһ˵Ĵ
ˣ
Ľַ˵۾̦ޱؿڡ
ʮ죡˲ٴ򣬵һûκá
ƲҪҹβɣ
ô֪
ЩĿĽࡣ
ĽЦЦֱӣָ˵
ȻΪ
ȻźӣȻȣȻйװ磬ɻǿԿ͹еƵٺ͡
Ľ֮ǰ֪͵С͸׶ûǱɳȥִ⹫ˣ׼˾ǹ˸ǹ塣
˹һЦ֡
Сᣬ˵ˣΪŷơ
Ϊκһ˶Һá
ΪĽ룬ΪϹΨһĵӣͷĪ
ʦйأ
ûΪϴ֮Ϲһͽֽš
ĽɫٿȻһ䡣
ǵʦ֮ǰ˵Լһʦֻʦ顣
Ϲϴ֣Ը⶯־ˣֻ
ĽһݣĿⶨؿŶԷ
һŬΪѹͻȻðʦֵȫҡ
ɽ
˹һЦʾû⡣
ĽǱͻȥģҹŸո߽ſڵʱ򣬾ͼ˲ͣǻڼſڵĸߴˡ
壿
Ľͼͷɿ°˴һû֮źݺݵһ
Ľ˿ͣ˵ת뿪ƺкԸ
ô¶ǽȥ
Թ͵ʣĽҡҡͷ
ûʲôǿҵնѣ֮ǰðûòŰ˸ߵġ
ԣ
Խʱ䣬ҹƻҪȥģ
һ˵ţһԼӣùͿԼ׼õϸ롣
Ҫһ£ĽɿĿ֡
һ¹Ҫ죬ȷҪ
ͼæ˻
Ľ˹ûôԷ֮󣬲Ȱ˵ֱӽ˳һ棬̳ˮ֮󣬷ŽѾý֭棬
صл֮ù̵ȥζ˱ǡ
ԹסҪˢĽ࣬ȥϢԼʰ
ĽҲûȥ鿴һүүĲ֮Żȥϴϴ˯Ͼһȷۡ
һ˯ѣǼǷ˵ζ
ȥͼСһһҺڵŲ𣬹Աͷ󺹵档
Цõ߹ȥƿ˹͡
壬治ģ
ͿĽϵĶٵ˸£ͷ
е
վڳſڶȿǸϤӰ֮󣬷ɿ˹ȥ
ͣô
;Լм̲˵ͷһ㡣
ȷأ
οˡ
һٷѣٵôҼɩӸʲôǾʲôвУ
ûֱߣ һСһСڵسͷеĶʲôɽ亣ζ
ĸˣ
ǱǸԼſǸϻһھͳϣֱаŶˣ
͵ͷϧذеͷݸΡ
ţ һԡ
εͷû뵽ǣвһͨļ̲˵ͷôô㣬ҧһڵĸо
ȹ޺һ̨֮תͷͼԼʹΡ
ɫһڣɿժף˹				

119Ϊʲô

еĶûˣЦõؿŹͣ
һͷѣô㲻ȻΪһ˲ɣҼһûͷĳ̶ô
ޱؿΣȻԼмпͷֻͷһ̲ˣһżеñģ˵⡣
ⷹĲԼģɣ˵ǸСģ
γŹͼ˼۾䵭תͷ뿪ּæ׷ȥ
ż߰ҵĻû˵أ
ô
Ҹ쵼ӳˣ̬ȱȽϺãҲμһѧϰ࣬Ǵȥأ
飬˭Ͳùȥأȴͺԥظܾˡ
Ϊʲô֪֪ǧѷĻ᣿֪֪Ϊ˸ȡᣬҷ˶Ҫ֪ʱ֮ͲͨͨһСˣ һǸɡ֪Ǹɵ˼ôǳĳǵļǸɡ
ʵʵĽ֮·
ҡͷ
У
ΪʲôҪһɰɣ
Ǽ滹СҪ
Сһţôߵÿ
αʾѺǽӵչ˼죬ȥúϿΣúýޣǱͺظܾˡ
ָŹ͵ıƿڴԼֶŮ˹ͣԼ˰ŵ˼Ųͷ¿
ֽסܶ˶֪ˡ
Ľ൱ȻҲ˵ˡ
ڹ°֮󣬺ϥ̸һȥѧϰ
壬ΪүүĻȫûϵС˾˻ڼû¶أð˽йæ
ȴûдӦĽԾڷܡ
ũæʱڣĸӻ뿪
Ľҧҧֻ˵ػ֡
壬ȷǰˡȻأԺҲô㻹ǲǵ֮ǰүүǼ飿ԼĻͲҪȥˡҲŬѧϰҿϴѧأ㻹Ҫԭؼոһյϰ޻ô
ŹüͷĽЦЦ
Ҫȥֻѧϰޣʶ־ͬϵѡ
ϣ͵ѲֻܽݺǼˣոһӥҪС
͵뿪ˣ֪ԼͨˣĽ˵
ȻһˣĽЩæ
ҲҺãȥæβʱ˹մ󺣵ĳԺʹӣĽݺݵһ
ŨŨİдҩζʴ˵ий񾭡
Ľ˵߽еĽᳵ·ذ˵ıͷһζ֮صͷ
ԼĵĹԽԽˡ
Сʱ֮룬ţ΢Ц
С˾ʲôʱѰ
Ľ๴ǡ
ҪôѵӦǣ
ǣ
ĽЦеصͷȻ˾ȵĿתͷŰķ䣬Ц
ǰʲôʱǶ֪ʲôңͬ־֮˵ԲȣѵͲô
Ȼˮ·Ȼſ
Ľǵһμ۾ˣ˫̽ɻĺЦһ
үүãȥѧϰˣԷһ㡣
Էһ㶣ȻʶؿԱվŵˡ
˿Цҡҡͷ
ʲôû˵
ĽŬŬ͡
ʲôû˵ԼµġϾ͹壬񣡡
һ㶣ȻǺǵЦΪµʱ̫˶ٻЩ
лл
лϾǹĸסȻǿ԰˵Ļһл
ڻܷš
˸ҡҡͷ
ĽĿһݣüȡ
⣿
˸ǵһμĽ֮࣬ǰһֱ˵񣬵û뵽ô
ֻ˵һ仰ѾͨĹϡ
û˵ϾԼĲ²ԼйܽܽȻͬ
Ľ˸ڣԼֱӲ˻⣬ʼ˵һЩͲ⡣
˶ֶҲûмܰԵж֮һطɢһֱĩҡ֮ǰ˲ٷⶾЧ΢󵨵سһҩԡѬãˣǻһڣҲûн⡣
ոҲ˵ˣˣ
ǣˣΪҩԡʱҰȫĶȫŲĺϣνԲһѧղ
Ľ˵ĺܳϿңҽǸԼһȥϹ롣
ʦȻϴˣǣʶֶҾͿԸ⡣
û뵽˵֮ⷬ󣬴ҵĳĬ
ĽüĽšػһܣһ𽥵ĵȵס
ǣΪʲôӣ				

120


Ľһس嵽˻ң֮ǰԼԿ״ţг
Ľ࣬ʱҪгﰡȥĶ
ݺǸո°ؼңͼĽɫѿسţɺѯʡ
Ľûǣֱӵг˳ȥ
Ķ֮ǰǸԼ顣
ʦûˣ
ܣ
ʦôûˣ
֮ǰߵʱרȥʦ￴ʦ˻úõģ˵Цģʦ˲ٳԵõ
ʦ֮뿪
ǶƭԼʦܳ¡
ʦѾ˴ԺҽαˣǱܵļԼаɣ
һѾĹˣʦȻóֶԼȻҲˡ
Ľ಻֪ƣųӣǰϹǵЦŭı顣
֪ʲôʱƮ
˵ϣϣʪ½մʪգͺԤʾδܷ顣
ǰһΪˮ̫ģ壬ĽĨһȴΪ·ŢĹϵ΢΢һ˵˳ȥ
ཬĽ´ӵ
ųǰߡ
ﲻ˾ţһһӡģֻϹ롣
һ·ԼһμϹ룬һμϹһ飬ԽԽżԽԽ
ΪʲôԼҪϹһס£ֻΪѩô
İ취ģǵΪʲôôɵʦ뿪
úޣ
ԼҲޱˣ
֪Щ˲ƭԼ滹ǱһϣϣǿЦģϣһжûзϣһϣԼһС
ɵȵҹʦסķżһ˵ķ䣬Ľ˱۾һƨڵʹޡ
˽ֵͲĽʱһ
Сôʱˣ·ʪ͸ˣȥë
Ľϳ֮ǰź￴ӣæס
ӣʦأǲǴҹֳȥ˿ȥˣӣ˵ӡ
Ů˺۾Ľļ򣬰Ϲ棬ȼ
ʦ
ĽָϹա
˵֮ٿ첽뿪׼
ȥõë·Ľ໻ϡ
ֻǣŲŸո̤˳ȥС˺ѷεĺ
һᣬҲſ˳ֻܼߡ
Ҵææһ˼˶ϱ·ëʱ򣬾ͼĽѾĬؿʼɨˣڳͷԼһĬذѸɾӲֲ
Ů˼æס磬ǿƵĽݻ·ͷ𿪣ɡ
ʦߵüҲûôûкӣֻһͽܡ鷢֮峤˽ȥ㣬Ǽҵ˵ǲʶʲôϹ룬˵ƭӣƭǮġ
Ľսָҧ
ѩ
Ƿ
ôңôң
Ȼأ
ŬѹԼŭ
Ů˿Ľģ̾Ϣһ
Ȼ˵Ǯܹݵ˳˵Ǯʦ·˹ľԭͣȵġ죬̫ȣ֮ʬͷŲסˣֻߡ
Ľļ
ԲӦõġҲΪûеȵ㣬ǶЩģһ֮ÿһֻŹʦţһֱ
Ľӣһֱ
Ů˹£ͷ
ллʦллǣҲллǡ
ǵĻ˵ԼʦΪܡ
Ůɫһ䣬æĽ
ȻˣҲͷˡúʦ
ĽתͷϵƬصصͷ
ڶһ磬Ľֱҵ˴峤棬æʦļˣһҼֻſͷл
Ҫȴ峤סˡ
֪Щ鲻ĽĻӿԶȥ
Ľмؿһ۴峤֮ƽظ峤һʦµĲƲ
ʦĶҰߣұ¡滹в֮Ķ峤Ҹ˿һ£ɨһ£ⶫֻ꣬ԺÿһʱҲ
峤æͷӦ¡
ĽһʱϹķضһ֮˴峤¿ԼϹĶؼҡ
ͷΧТ첲ϴźڲոսݾͰһ
մɫһ䣬㵵ؿź۾Ľ࣬־ŭ
ôˣ
Ľƽؿүӣͨһһֱͦͦġ
үүʦȥˣ				

121ҸòԹ

մ˫ĿԲɣŵؿĽࡣ
㣬˵ʲô
Ľûǲǳʲô飬û뵽ȻΪ
Ϲ壬ԼҪá
ôô᣿
ĽĨĨԼϵˮҡͷ
ǰô᣿
Ҳ֪Լүү廹Ҫõʦôȥһ⣬ؽ⡣
֮ǰһҪ㡣
үүʦȥ죬һ죬Ǵӵ˹ҹңǱѩǸˡ֪ζʲôô
ϸʹ죬Լ͹졣
Ҳ˵ѩ˸ߵĻѩûиԼĻǿԸʦһ̵ġ
ɾΪѩʦһ涼û
һӣνЩ˶ˣֻʦֻʦԼġ
ǣһ˶ûס
մ󺣱˱۾ǵ۾ˮ

Ľޱشӵؿմ󺣡
֮ǰΪǨΪҪչƴѩô˵ôҶǨ͡ҲΪʦһ˻ȥ£Ҳû˹ܣڼ棬֪Ҳû֪үүԺģѹҶŹѩġ
մɫһ䣬ĽתͷҪߣ˵ŴӴȥˡ
ĽǿŲȥմ󺣣һصմʹ
Ľ༱æתͷȻͼմżص˴
һ̧ˣæǳȥ˹æ
òװմ̧˴֮ϸһմ󺣵ˣûж֮Ľһɽͼմס֡
ԲҶԲӲ̸֮ûн̺ûʦһ档ҪһѵĻܲܣܲһ㣿
Ľ˽ָѩĺմ󺣶Ľʹ־ᡣ
մ󺣶ãû˵
ԶǵõԼʱ򣬷ڳһ뷹мܳԵĶԼȴŶӡ
ʦ
ֻҪ뵽˵ʦû˹ܣû磬ûˤ裬ʲôûУͺ޵Ҫ
ԡ
ҧҧ꣬صسŴϵմ󺣾˸
ʲôҶӦ㣬ֻһԲ𡣡
ѩƾʲôմ󺣶ǨΪΪƾʲôôŰ͸
Ϊʲô鶼ںΪƨʰоô
մ󺣿Ľһ뿪ӣʹޡ
Ĵûá
Ľһ·ϵƽңĸĽŻһϾСɫʵѿҶĶҲᣬֻԹԵߡ
ѩأ
ĸĽı飬ʶЦЦ
ǸĽడùڳȥˣ֪ùʲô鰡ǲǼʲô飿
֮ǰѩͶӻ֮ҲСڳܹ˵ʲô˭Сүӻˤ˻ôˣǵĽ˵ġ

Ľޱתͷ
ĸεسǣܿĽߣεָָ
ڣڴĶͷɣ
̫ϬһѰѵӿ˵һ㡣
ҶǴĵ·̫Ϥԣ̰ܲ
ĸͷ
ɣ԰ɣ
ѩڴӶͷСϱ˵ԼֶŮܸɵ飬ͼԼһ·С˹
ţôˣôˣҪԷô
ĸûط˸ۣôȢôһóϱ
ԳԳԣô֪԰УǸֶŮˣһСҼҵģôôˡһؼҡ
ѩĽһžһϲ
Լүǻֵ֮ԼĽԼǮ˰ɣ
ϲ̵ظ˴һкȻЦеػ˼ҡ
Ľࣿôˣ֮ǰôҲ˵һУιһǿİɣʲôˣ
ĽЦЦ֮ǰŵʱŵһеķŽ˶Է档
ģԼĵģܺóԡ
ѩȻЩĽգǴ򿪳һ顣
ֻǳųţ;ԼЩʲôһ㣬סԼĲӣüĽࡣ
⣬ġ
˵һ룬˵ĻȴôҲ˵ˡ
һֵؿĽֲ࣬ΡΡָСͣ
Ľ
ùãרŸĵģóô
ѩȷⶫĽֽţһо壬ɲߵһͱĽס˸첲
װĹùãҪţҪңȻ˵滰Ȼ˵Ǿ͸ɴ಻Ҫ˵ˣ
Цһ
ʦ֮ǰһֱңҽһƣһǶҪʲô鶼Ҫ˼ǡ˵Щʦһ涼ûм˵ҸòԹ㣿				

122ټ

ټ
ħ
ħ
ѩ޷ֻһһָĽ࣬ÿŭ
Ľҡҡͷ
ħҾҵħٱĺá֮ǰүүҷŹ㡣ô죿㸸ʲôҹܲţ׵⣬Ȼԭ¡Σʦ
Ľ໺Ӹµؿŵڵϵѩ
ԣҲԭ¡Ĵۡ
´α֪ʲô飬һٸһϲȷ
˵֮ĽѩĲһ£ͼԭڵϵˣ۾һգûʶ
Ľ಻ɫѩͷ˼룬ȵȡ֮ɿɫһ䣬ɿس溰
˰ҹùεˣ˰
ĸæĽһͽҽԺ
ҽԺܼεԭѩ֮ѩԼ֪ԼôˣҲ֪ԼΪʲôˡ
ƽ֪ϢϵҽԺʱ򣬿Ľǻɡ
ţΪʲôһѩεˣưˣ
ƽʣĽҡҡͷ
֪Ϊҵʣ̫˰ɣϾܹԼƵڵأ۵ŮֱΪˡ
ĽЦЦƽǼͳŪ
˼Ҷ˵ĸǺõʦϣʹˣǵĺҲһƵۣȻΪ˲ʺ򣬾ͲǳԶȻĿǶģȲҪһأ
˵꣬Цһŵƽͷ
ҹùԺ󣬾Ͱˣ
ֻǣȵĽҽԺ뿪֮ϵЦһ˲ʧ١
ûؼңֱȥ˹͵ĸס
Ҫ֪ʦʲô飡˭ġ
Էҡͷ
֪
֪ǲ֪ǲ˵ûӦȥҹʦɣΪʦԸ־ˣǾͰʦŪˣ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
СҲüǣ֪ʦ飬ǲ᲻ġʦ飬ǵȷ֪˵һȥˣû˵Һ͹͵ĹϵҲûڶιȥ
˾Ѿûˡ㵱ʱҲѾˣ
Ľ۾ϬؿŶԷ
ԣΪҸβûаң
ǿǲܣǸǸֻΪݲͬҪ˼Ķ̫ܹ࣬⡣
Ľҡҡͷ
Ҳ⣬ҲҪ⡣ֻҪ֪ʧȥҪ˵ʱΪҡԣ˼˼Ҷ˵ΨŮСҲǸСˣҲһŮӣǼǳġԣϣԺҲҪټˡлл
̧Ҫţȴŵļ˸סˡ
ôҪβǵԸ񣬲
֪֮ǰʲôɣ֪Ͳǵ˳ʲô飿
ĽĻһ䣬鳯ǰڰ֡
ϴĲǻҪ
鿴Ų΢΢һٵĽ࣬ɰڰ֡
񲻴ǿΪһҲǲǿΪǵ׷ԼԸ顣С߰ɣǲΪġ
Ľ˶٣ԷƶԼʲôҲоԼӣΪ˹ͣôҲƹ顣
Σˡ
ټ
Ľ˵֮ԿеľȺ
󣬲ȷʱȻһЦĽؼҡ
Ľ˵ֱӾܾڵҵʱ򣬾ͼ͸ߴӰվԼſڣôؿ
д֪ʦȥ֮ģѹ֮Ķݿкʹཹ꣬ٵ֮ǰܾ˹͸׵Ĳ飬ָӵӿͷĽɿ˽˹͵Ļ档
ʹӽӵϢ֮ͿʼϣɸոսƽԲϵմ󺣱ʹߵҲ˲ƽ·Ӱݺݵһ֮󣬸ߡ
ְٺ˼֮żæųҵС
ռô磬һҲκ˶ףϹĽĿеĵλ˵һ㶼Ϊ
ֻ룬Ľ֪Ϣʱжʧ䡣
ɺ޵ǣȻΪԼǰ;뿪ĽһһС
Ľĺ󱳡
Բ𡣡
ССͣСС壬ִ񾭣ôеùЩ
Ľһû˵ڰ˳䣬̶̵֣ݺݵöĽĸй񾭡
֮ǰһֱǿŵˮһ³汼ӿ
ĽݺݵرǰĹͣˮʱŵһľһ㣬أϢһġ
壬ʦûˣ				

123Ǩŭ

Ǩŭ
̵ˮʪ½ǹ̵ˮһϹ̽˵
۵ġ
ͽ˽浥ӣھκδĵױ
ҡͷҡͷ
Բ𣬶ҵĴҲߵġ
Ľڹ͵Ļ߿ޱҡͷʦˣͷѩһԵûи鿴
뵽ĽֱӰѹ͸ƿˣʵĿŶԷ
壬Ժ֪˶Բ
飬᲻Թң
ҡͷڵĿ浹ӰĶĽӰ
Ľҧҧꡣ
 ǶҪҪأ
͵ûˣһгһչȻǹΨһˣ֪Լ飬ô᲻Թޣ
ԼῪİɣ
ҡҡͷ
ϵֻ㡣
ǣ
Ľ໹Ҫ˵ʲôͼĨĨϵۣЦҡҡͷ
ûôǡֻҪסΪ㱳ȫ磬ҲԸ⡣
ʶĽ֮ǰԼһӲĹ¼ҹ˶ѣмѣɵסԼĵĹ¼š
ǰСĳ֣ıһС
ͳɹĽ˼ҡ
һֱŵĹں迴Ľģ߹֮ǰõĺͽ
㣬㻹ûԷ
㣬Ҫѹǻ쳤 ġ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬Сһĸо
Ľ䴽ǣǵա
лл
Һãǡ
ʦ
ӵĽ࣬ôܷ뿪
ǣԼѧϰĵط˱棬˵ԼļҪչˣó֤ͽţÿ첻ȥѧϰÿѧϰ֮гؼҡ
ĽѾǿ˺öԼû£ɹɲġ
Ľ˵û£ÿϷȥϲ˯ۿԭֵôܲģ
ǣĲ
ô˵ô붼ûãټĽƺΪմ֮Ҳ˸ңÿ춼ҽԺţ˷ԼֻӰѷͽιմ󺣳¡
ԭ֪ģһϻմ󺣲ʱ˳ȥ
壬үүˣ
СؿĽķ䣬ܵĽһ㡣
˿ûзϡ
ϾմѾڴʮˣ ˭֪˰
βһ
ڰѹսĶߡ
үү죬˰ӶûסҶ
˵
²ķӦӾ˵ʲôɫһ䣬ɿس棬մһתͷʱ򣬰ѹǰơ
壬֮Űʱ䣬Ѿ߳һˣأ
մ۾̽ǰڵԴЦŵͷ
Ǹˣ˺ã˺á
ЦŵģֻȴϵϲĦŵģôôᡣ
ͽ˽ȭͷǰ̽˵ͷֻǸͷ棬ϵ¶ʪġ
³˳ｻӣɿתͷţҵϴ·Ľࡣ
߹ȥһѰĽе·˳Լ£ϴ
Ժ·ϴ
壬ôˣǲ淢ʲô飿
ͷϴ·һӻȴ֪˵
ôˣʲôѣ˵˵԰æġ
׷˼֮󣬹ֱӰе·һӡ
ҽһˣĺΪһֵòɿֱ⣬Σǰûϴ棬ڰԼϹˡ
ĽΪ˵ģΪ˵Ϊ뵽Լȥ̣Ĺ͵ı
壬ܸ㡭
ۼֿץסĽĿƵؿĽࡣ
Ҳ֪ܸ
㡭
ĽǸˣô˵֮ϾͷӦʲô飬ŵؿǱߣǿ͸שǽһС
Ľ࣡ŹҲŹԼǨŭܽһУ㲻ѾѩܵѵôմֻΪοϹԼ۾
ţǼ⣬ʲô˸޷صľأ
Ľԭأζû˵
һҹ紵ֱӴεڣ͸
͵Ļûֹͣ
ѾʧȥһˣѵҪʧȥһô
һ仰һشһݺݵػĽϣеķȫ顣
֮Լ
үү
ͽס°䡣
Ϲˣ				

124Թ

Ľײײسմ󺣵ķ棬ǰζ£ֶԷûӦ֮󣬺һƨ˵ϣշף۾
㣬ôˣ
㣬ˤˣòã
ҲҲ
Сһһһһһ첲Ľ
ϵСһ˵֮һԼǵ۾ΧɨţηԼĿ֮صر۾
˻Ů֮⣬ܸ
ڣڴϵĻᶼûС
Բȥϰûúչ˺ԼĺǣԲһֱչԼŮԼŮ֮ȻҪ֪ܵΪŮ˵û
ŮԹӦõģŮԹҲӦõģȥĻϰҲԹԼɣ
մ󺣰Ŭס޵ģţᵽ׿Ʋס
ĽൣԼɿԼϵıӲ۾ŬһĨЦ
Ľ࣬ôô磿ҽԺæô
մ󺣿ֻܸӵֱ棬ֻ֪ǣʱѾĽ뿪˸ոյλӡ
ǣĽǿǸ˵ȴ˱𴦡
ĽסͣŬԼޡ
ҽԺʲôæģ񻹲һʵϰҽѣ֮ԲǲҪԣҪӱܡ
ӿĽģЩҲЩӵ
ĽһѹסԼؿڲӿɬоմ˹ȥ
үүԲ𡣡
ĴǨŭ
ѩĴҲүүάԼŮûɶ⣬ûס
ԼϱӼʮ궼׻ˣôɵôᷢԼϣƫƫôˡ
Բ𣬶Բ𣬶ҵĴԲ𡣡
Ľһſүӵϣָȴͷ
ʪģ潽һˮһ룬̶̵ļ棬үү˶ٴΡ
үү󣬰˰Խβ
ͣٻһ޵飬ʾģ˼ء
۾һΪģһǿ޶ˡ
ĨĨ۾
үүģһκġ
ƿ˳ȥſѾϴ·ʼ·Ĺͣ˹ȥ
壬˵үү֪Ҷѩ飬᲻ң
еתͷ
Ϊʲô룿
մȻάԼŮǶĽôҶǿġ
Ľ೶ǡ
ô᲻ԹޣǱϾŮ
뵽ʦȥϢûпסԼֱӶѩ֣Ͼû˵ԼˣѩҲմ󺣵˰
壬᲻һˣ
ҡҡͷתͷĿ⾼ؿĽࡣ
㲻һˣ飬ҲҶԵ±ԹĻôԱ£㲻ֹǵĻԺӭĻǸ޼ɵΪ
һĽЦЦ
Уղ棬Ҳһ㡣һݰʧƫģҲΪǨŭ㡣ҿԸ㱣֤
ǹ͵ĻãֻĽ뷨׿ˡ
һʱĽ࿪ʼȥҽԺĴʼմβ۾ҩ
̶̰ʱ䣬մ󺣵۾ѾؿԿһ㶫
ĽݺݵһһֱŵİҲһ롣
Ҳʱڽӵ콨Ĺţĸֹϵ
ϲԭΪҪһʱأãֱȥְѹϵתһ£ȥ׶԰ӱ
ò࣬ĽЩڣ֮ǰǮˡ
ţĶ뿪֮ΪʳϢعЪҵСͽڼû£ְæҹϵͽܰŽ˹͵Ļеʦһ򽻸˺
ĽԼһᣬڼչմ󺣣ֻǮȥȴû˽ǳһ⡣
ܲȥеɰɣ
ü˼ģͿ˸ţĬػؼңԼ֮ǰļ¹ȫĽࡣ
壬Ǹ
㻨
㶼һˣԼʲôңҲСˣӻ˵Ҫܶأ
üͷ鲢ð
Ľ࿴򴽲Ҳ֪ĸȥ뿪ʱӰ
ɿЦЦת˻⡣
Ǯȸţ㵽ʱ˹ˣٸ㡣
붼û룬ֱӵͷ
ֻǣĽû뵽Լôһ˵Ź˵ġ				

125

ڶ磬ĽոմҽԺͱڵӸסˡ
Ľ࣬˹㣬ûڼңҾͰ˸ˡ

Ľ໹Щ֣ͼ椽һİŮЦе˹
Ů˴һȷɵİɫȹͷȵڼϣһŶ쵰ϣˮĴ۾ģڿĽʱ򣬱֮ǰӲò١
˽ܣǰסĽ֡
Ľɣ֮ǰ㡣ԭǲǰֶŮ̫ˣû뵽һ˵ô¶
Ľࣺ
͸˵Լ
ôܣ
һμ͵ʱùǸ컬С죬Ǻȴ֣һϲ˵ˡ
䣬Ůˣ
ԣô˿Լ
ŮⷬһĽµ˶ԷҵԼĿġ
Ϊ˹Ͱɣ
ɿ˸£Ů˴ϵ¿һ飬صͷ
ƯͥҲ˾ЦҲͦΪ˴ģֻǲ֪ڱ˵ʱʲôӡ
Щɿһ飬ĽɬһЦıץΪץš
СʶҹôӣȻҹģȰ˴Ҽˣллʹ椽أ
ЦǺǵذڰֻ֣˵ϰӳԣ˸͵㡣
ĽҲûоܾϵʱֵ̫Ҳ̫ÿҲӵ˼·Խ࣬Խм͵㶫ҲҪѡ
վԱߴĽ̸ֹ治סصͷ
˵ô͵ôҲҪȱ˵úõĶ࣬ŲԼ˵ģûд˽̵ϲ̨أ
ţǶĽ˼֡
ĽѶת俴ɫؿʼ׻
С㣬Ǵӳô·Ưأ϶أ
Լϵ·Цŵͷ
·С̳ʱϺģ߻ûСĽ·Ҳܺÿ
Ȼӻ˵ģǼܲס·ƵúãĽϣǸպúʡ
ĽЦЦûڡ
ȥ궬ӸԼ·֮Ϳʼӣͼ·ֻϧ
뵽ԼŵΪʦ׼ļ·ĽЩ䡣
ĽΪĽΪ·ĹϵæȡĽĺøУȻЩԼŴ˼ε·ɻҧҧ
Ľϲ·Ļ͸㣿
ĽȻĿ
ո˵·ʱϵĽϧסΪֺԼ·Ը⹰ã
ƺϲ壿
뵽ĽɿصͷǸ˺̰
С滹ĺÿȹôҹùü滹ã֪ȹӶûУһ᲻ĵġ
ϵЦٿȻһ䣬Ȼεسǡ
Уаɣ
Ϊ˲ĽϼȥЦļ򣬷ɿת˻⡣
ҰǹҲסôҲͬһϣǾôʶİȥϰĻڼʲô
Ľüͷתͷʱ޹ʹࡣ
ȻҪ˵鰡С㣬ȹӸˣһʲôؼҰ´λҴȹӹô
ոռЦٿȻʧĽ׾СȴñԼκСҪĶࡣ
мİ˾ҪҪǸģһò֪ô
ĸ˵ĹȻû˽ĺӹȻӲһҲżأԼ͹ͽ֮еʱ̵
ҡҡͷĽԴȴĽܿˡ
ҲЦЦһݴȵģ
ĽడͻСЩ֪ܲСӼҼҵģҪиռ˼ҪҪǸİ
ĽзɿػһĨɫת˲š
һμҪ̵Լô
ŲӺѯʡ
ҪôС㣬һȹӶûȴô࣬ǲǺܶǮͲƱǲ˺٣Ǽңÿ嶼Һ಼ܶƱǮǶ
ٴü
Ǿʲôϵ˵ֶŮĻδҲ̫˰ɣÿ¶ܶǮͲƱǹԼʲôʲô
СӼҼҵģֲ֪飬ô࣬Ҳ˷ѣ
У
һҪԶž
ô˳ԲůֻһѣƾʲôĳԴöȣ
˵ˣͼûˣԼǮĻԺѲɲȢˣΪԼ㣬Ϊһ¡
뵽ɿЦЦ
ҼͦģΪϰ˶࣬ǮƱҲͦġ
˶࣬Ҳ࣬ƺԼûҪá				

126òǸɵ

Ľһذ˼ҵļһ飬ƫƫһҪĽ͹͵Ĵ󣬾Ȼһʱ֮ûзӦ
ȵԼӦʱĽѾվСܲͷ
ǡ
Ľ˽ܣĿɿڴ
֮ǰ˵ͼֻһӣ˻սɳôΪʲôðһʲôСֶӣ
ңͲҪĽ࣬ҲҪĽӰɣ
ţģǷŭǷꡣ
ν㣬ôˣǲﲻȻΪʲôɫô
ںС˾һɿعȥ˲赹ˮòڡ
Ժؽӹ˱ӣתͷͼĽѯΪʲôô
ΪƯ
ǰǰСԺǼң͸ˣ
һ仰ֱ˵˶棬ڸɲѧУ͵һ̿ʼ۾Ѿ޷ǸŲˡ
ֻǲԼôӴͣһҺæ㲻Ҫҡģ˾֮ǧ֮⡣
֮ûסڳ棬Щشһ£˵ͼ
ڶֱӸҪһǮȴͺԥľܾˡ
ҲԽùͺmanǸ֮ǰЩԼͲͣҪԼŵˣȥĸףĸ׺͸׶˵ʾԼķ
Ǿòûʲôһöѣʱ޳ȥĻ˼һԼ
˭֪ͼ滹Сܲͷ
ôķϣЩҲǲܽܡ
ѾԼ˳ֵ׼û뵽ȵ֮󣬸Ǳ̱ڴϵմ󺣸𾪵ˡ
Ľһ𾪵ı飬ɿüͷ
ֻͬʲܻô
С㣬үү˺ܺأÿӳΪ˰չүүģʲôģҲȫ塣
ǿسǣմ󺣡
үүʲôĸڳҽԺϰ࣬ԵĻҿ԰үүȥ
Ľࡰм㡱صͷǾܾˡ
ǼûǮÿֻǮԶν㻹ǲˡϾνǷ׷ǹʵģҲá
æҡͷҡͷ
ǲմ״ʣû취˭˹أ
ǣΪЩӦõģϾҺ͹Ǻô֮䲻Ҫﻥһ£ʵûǮĻҲΪѣԼϰöˣҲһǮӦ㹻үүġ
Ľ۾һȻַɿȥ
ʹͷ˫ַһԼ·һǣ¡
ǣǮǺܻܿϡ˵ҺúѧżǮ
ݺݵһСﻹ֪ҪǮԼеҪõöࡣ
ԣıҲֹȥĽ֡
û£ʲô鶼ҪͻСҵˣҿҹϵϰࡣǱǮǾǸˣ㻹ģ
СͥͱȽϺãǮûзһǮܹһɾĻͲأ
Ļ̌ͷЩȵؿŶԷ֮ϺݺݵصͷͻȻֿ
С㣬ţȥԡ
һ仰ǵúס
һˣ㲻֪ɲɽǾͽǮɣ
ԸǮģ˵ѣҲһԽĶ
ųǹֺԼҪϹͣһܹôһƿˣ治
ǲȻȥְɣ
ȻСһȥڵؿڡ
Ľ룬ͷ
ûڼʲôԵĽڳĵͷḻĵ֮Ҳһ
ȻȽСЩǼҶҪȫ
С㣬ôô
ڲ˼д˶ʲôʽЩķⲻȤ㣬˻ϵζȥɲҪĽģֻӲͷƤͷ
ԣ
Ѿ˳׼ɽȴһ
Ľ࣬ҸոûǴĻոշŽǾưɣ滹кӣԳô
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ֻȥζģνһ֪ˣ
ѵصͷ뵽Ľո˵⣬Щš
ǰ·ݣѾû˰ɣ
Ľûشֻǰ˴ԼԺԱһССĽ棬ƿŵĸӡ
ʱһƮ˳ϵȸ˲ʧ
㵵ؿĽ࣬ͼԷЦеظ͡
ȥ궬춳õıƵıѣν㣬ɣ
Ľ໰䣬ͼ椽һӵĽӹ
Ľ࣬˵ǼҽпˣͶ͵
ĽЦеؽס
ڶҪѶԷ˼Ҷõʱ򣬼Ľס椡
ã椽㣬Ҹո㣬ԵӣϾͺˣûȥԣϲĺˣ
վں㶵ؿĽЦн˷龰̲סü
һ̽Ӿܻһ㣿
⺢ǲɵӲŶǮһǮ
˵ã֮ǰһֱ˵ǮãǱõ˰Ҳֲ˼ҸǸӶĽô飬Ǳռˡ
룬ԼһҪܣұܣǿ첽ݡ				

127׻

׻
ţ ͼĽ椰װ̣Ϸ
üͷɿ𣬿첽˹ȥסĽĸ첲
ĽడҲˣûбĶôҿӼϵϣССӦöԵǡ
Ľգգ۾޹תͷ򰸰ϵĽӡ
ǣ椽ô˰˵նģʲôóԵҲ͵ġ
椵ʱԱģɿҡͷܾĽҪ飬תͷҪߡ
ĽҪ׷ȥȴס˸첲椺
ǰɣлĸ׶Ľǵչˣ
һ͹һȥݷõġ
˵תͷͼĽĿƵض졣
Ľ࣬и̾ûĺӾû˽̣ԿĵضĽԺҪôƵİѼĶˡ
ǣңڸ
ֲ˵˵ǴģֻܰʵĽʾǲǵעִ硣
֮ĶǮõҲҪǲһӪѡҲЩ򲻵Ķ˼ֲֵǮĽȰɣ
ֱΪۡ
ҪչãҪǶԵģҲýһʽɣ
ĽְܼãһתǮ
࣬ƶɣ
ǡ
Լ˰ΣĽ໹ûӦЩؿڡ
˺ˣûʲôǲǵġ벻ͨĻͼס˵ˣ֪ô
ĽҡͷʾԼڼҵʱүүܵܶǸչ˵ģ˲
֮󣬼ֱζҪըˡ
⺢ôô۶أ̲̲
ĽིͨԲˣȹͻ֮úø˵˵ܹùʶһŮԳãʱ˵͡
뵽δܻᷢ飬ȻֳһĨ֮ɫ
Ľ࿴Ŷģ̲ס䴽ǡ
˻ȻЩСģ̬ҲΪͶѡ
Ľ˸£ĵԱ߲ͣشǵ͹ڣֱ糴Ѷ͹ȥ
ڼ˼գͱȽˡ
ӳĽ༷۾
ѵͲС㣿
ڷɿصͷ絷⡣
ŶŶС˵
ԼԼҽ֮󣬻ûм˭ô˵Ľġ
ĽӵŶ˳ȥͶ
վſڵĶ͵͵ӣֺֺЦҪ˵ͱĽסˡ
ν㣬ҹûлǲ¿κ
ԣȻɫһ䣬̧󿴿Լ
ʱԼ͵ֱüͷĸ
Ѿ˵ˣȻ̫ոɽҲһ
ʲô飬ģҳȥҡ
ֻǣŲոտȥͼһӳ߿˹
һֻĦгһյСҿʽͦ¡
⸽˵ô
ѲһСĵطһͦݲɣ
Ҫͺ͸ھӽأͼӼǰͣ¡
һҵݣ
ʱҲ˲̫ˣæתͷȥѯĽӼûʲôְԱǺȨ֡ʱҲңĽոȥȻп˶˲õĿ
Ľ໹ûзӦͱƢĶס˸첲ֶϸոճõߡ
Ľడڼ˶࣬Ȱ͹ȥǳԣȻͷԵС
ĽʱѾߵſڣͲϵԼ˾ˣٿЩЦסĸ첲
Ƕν㣬ողǻ˵ϵϣССҪಹô
εسǣҪڣӳ֮۾ɿһ
ˣǸٻ¥ĺô
ȥ껹Ÿ׵ĽҪȥͼҲǣȻǵس˹
Сֱͨͨû뵽ԼȥһΣԷȻϳԼ൱

Ÿ첲źӭ˹ȥͼԷЦӯӯ
غֱԹȥ֣һֱֻӷĽͷϡ
СѾͷ첻ֳˣ
壬첻ˣ
ۼվһ໥Ȥŵû겻塣
˲֪Լ֪ܲô˵廹۶Ǳߵǣ
żæŵҪĽ಻ҪûûС͵
ô
ź͹վһĴӳ֮󣬺Ȼһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
λ͹͹ϵ
ǲǿ˵λİģһǰ;ƽĸ׻ûֹԼĵˣ
ƺ뷨ޱָָڸĽࡣ
㲻Ҫ룬ҵģġ
㵵˳Ź͵ָ˹ȥһ˲䣬׻
ôܣ				

128Ů

Ů
һٻ˾ľһһţһôĽࣿ
תͷźǱ߿˹
ÿһֺõظĽ˵ʲô
ǺԺкܿ측ֳһĻѪľ顣
ڽ֮ǰи÷ֱΪֹϵ֣ڽ֪֮֮ǰǸǰŮԼĺӣΪ˲ԼʱǰѺĵذŵһûעĵط
ԣҲͽˣΪʲôžǵıҪҲΪʲôΪʲôһеԼǮĽ࣬ҲΪʲôĽ໨Ǯôִš
Щ飬תͷͼ
۾Լ
һ㶣ȻɿسһĨЦ
ǣ֮ǰûռҼ㡣
˼˵ռֻһΣȷԼĲ²⡣
֮йϵĻΪʲôҪ
Ѳݣ
壬λǶν㣬ҹġֻǹһֱûлǼҵһ
ٿԱɫƽĹͣȻһЦ
ԭҹ͵ģߣ
æϵ
֮ǰʱҰȥҰأʱеæûע⵽ҡ
һ۶ƺľ
תͷĽ࣬¶ѯ֮ɫ
ʲô㣿ǹͣ
Ľɺѯʿʵжش
Ӷùӣź˾١
ոնν㻹˵Ӽ˶࣬룬Ǽҵ˹ƱǼҸˣ
һ㶣ȻԼͣӼſڵĳӣȻεسĽҡҡͷ
㰡㣡
˹ϵƺܺãõ˵ݲñ˲廰ء
˿ò׵ϾĽǺĹŮȻ̫ݡ
˵ŻǱ߳СѾ˳ȿĽʱüͷ壬ȻЩˡ
ˣĽŴһȺ˽˼
ͦģ˹ƲԡöϾҴôණ
ָųСԼӡ
ոմųۣһ涼ʳģҸӶ࣬һճƷ඼Լ򲻵ġ
ɲҸġǽ軨׷ⶼǰһؼҵʱүү岮Ǹġ£ⶼǸĻ񡣡
Ľ˺һۡ
˵ʲôллǺģֻǴΪӹһ¶ѣңҲ˼ӹѡⶫˣȻûоյĵԣһ׼һݻϣʱϲ
۾һĽĶвõģ
Ȼ뵽ʲôóСȥԼһӶ
⺢ӣүүôҲ˵·͵ĻǶ֪Щ֪үүʱҴĶúøүү塣
Ľ࿴һۣѶ˹ȥ
ҲˣүүѾˣⶫǻȥܵðɣ
ŶҶûи˵ǰ֮ǰҩϰĽ飬ȥѧһǸʲôǰڵĲûз
Ľû뵽ԷȻʹԼҩҲһ㶣룬ǾЩա
ǸҵĻ԰ٰܴܵѰҲ֪ģҩҪʱݲ˵Ĳиġ
Աһ±ơ
ʲôʲô
ĽһСӼҼҵģ˵ʲôββģ
ңʲôȻҪϱͺӣ
˼ҿ֮Ĺϵô죿ĸŮˣԭԼɷ滹Ӱɣ
Ľ౻ϱûϵҲȥ˭ȥ
뵽ɫһ䣬ɿס
Ľ࣬㲻ҪôߣһȥæһˣȻѾˣ
˵֮תͷ
ǸĽСӼҼҵģʲôǧҪĻ档
һЦ
ĽСǱȴСǻ˽Ļƻûڵҡ
ʲô˼
ЩһͷˮɻʳѾĽ˳
ңʲô
Ľʳһ˳Լ޴֡
Ľҡҡͷ
ԿѧϰϾȵν֮Ҫ³ġ
뵽ԼҪ޸͵飬һ죬ɬصͷԱ߿Ľ
ԽԽȣõʳĵĽǱһһ㡣
ַɴ䣬ĶûĽĺðɣ
ãſڴ
ţĽķô㡣Ϊʳù
ҲûΪʳãҲ˶ðɣ				

129Ŀɿڴ

ʲô
Ϊʳã
Ȼѯʡ
ʲô˼ΪʳúĽ֮ʲôϵ
ΪΪʳô򹤹
ں֮ǰĽѾȿڡ
һ£Ľ೯Լ۾ģ̲סǣתͷˡ
ĽడʲôʱģǶͦõôΪʲôȥʳɻ
뿪֮󣬶ſʼԡ
Ϊʲôȥ˼ֲǷҵģҪǸģ
ΪʲôǷ㣿ȻǷİû취ȥֻܰչ㣬չҲúչˣȥʳɻ
ĽȻеĲӣתͷؿ˶ΣŻȻԷ˵ʲô
ν㣬ǲЩŪˣ
ʲô
Ľ15Ǻʮ

ȻſڵĹ͡
ޱؿ
ˣĽ಻Ǻ˽ŮֻʶͻﻥĹϵѡ
ʱҲʶԼŪһϵıһһ׵ġ
Ǹ˼ˣͬ־˵Ļﻥ˵Ľܵܰôû뵽ĽҲҽСͺġ
ڨЦſڡ
ĽƳһۣЩεؿ͡
˵صͷ˴˳ȥֱӸ˿żɽ
Ҳϲ㣬ܲ뿪
㲻ϲңϲ㰡֮ǰ͸˵ģǾԲġ
㣬ĽֶŮҺҪˣҾԲ˺
ֶŮֶŮҾ˺ԼҲ˺ġ
ԼĽ֮ദʽĽͦϲԼġ
ϲ
;òǣ֮飬۾ѾǺˡ
˵ͼСǳԷ
ȥһƣѾ̲ˣһࡣ
֮ǰú˵ĽóԲֻǺ庢ģɵĳζʱ򣬻ǳһ
ⷹˣĽģ
֮ǰڳԵķ˺óԶˣ
νողǿô
Щεصͷ
Ҳֲŷһ𷭳һ¶ѣζΪʲôԼԹĶһ
Ц
ĽķóԵĻΪʳôô𱬣
ǣĽ಻Ϊʳϴϴô
˻һϵ˶Ƭ̡
üͷ壬죬ԱŵĳСһıء
ٿǸԼɵҲ֪Լ˵˻
ǲȻʳСͽܣ
˵ĻҲ˵Ĺȥ
ԱߵΪάԼĽ㣬شԼλվ߸ߵ̧°ͣ ͡
ŲϴϴӣʲôСͽܣʳĴԼ˼ʦأҽˣˣῴܸܶܶÿ·
ע⵽͹ϵ·Ǵ޵Ĳϣ͵ȷͦÿġ
һССĶ䣬һɵĿӣֻûиסף¶СϸСȡ
Ľ֪Ļƻһ£ֿӽе㡣
Ľ࣬Ǵһҽ·
ٴοĽı飬Ǿ
Ľ䴽ǣҡҡͷһӲ˹ȥõǹꡣ
СάĻν㲻Ҫ档
͵Աά
Ϊʲôܵ棿û˵ʶ֮ϵ·ģĲҲǹϵĺóԣȻҲ뿪Ϊ֮Ҫ
һֱöƽĺˡ
ٿĽ࣬˿ҰĽ֮ǰǸ¶̰ɵСΪһ̸
ϸһ£ŷ֣Լ֪ʱĽѾļԼ˼˸ס
֮ǰԼԺҪΪһ˲ĺܶܶࡣ
ţȻǰķζҲûθڣĳɵز²ԼĽһʲôӡ
䣬ڳ극֮ĽܻظԺ̸顣
壬ǰЩȥҰ֪ɣ
֪Ҳ֪ڻǼǸֶӣ㲻Ҫϣ˳軵ˡðģҸ˵һԲ𡣡
Ŀ࣬ô˵Ľ֮Ĺϵٺã˼Ҳһ
ΪĽһѺʱ򣬾ͼĽЦҡҡͷ
ҺͺϵǵĽ飬ͱ޹ءҲǿΪʲôŴһŮͬ־ѾõԼӦеĳͷ
ͷ̾һԼûĽǸг𱨳жˣǷǺڰ׷ֵĺװһӵĻû취ڣֻܵͷȥ
Ұŵĵطһũũθҵһݹ滮飬ơ
Ľ಻Ե޹ʸԼЩؽӹ˹滮飬ϵıһٱ䡣
һĶᵽɤ۶Ľʲô˼				

130ʯ쾪

ʯ쾪
Թ죬ǻسʱռ͵Ķ
Ժشӳ˵һټˡ
ʱĶǸոռҼģġ
ĽڷͺĹ̳չĹ滮飬ԼطũĻݻֶĿ࣬š
Ľֻʮ갡
ԼһһСıãڸСһ֣ԸٻȥѧУ洵ţĽأ
Ҹ˵أ㵽û
ߺȻĸ׵öһӴԼ˼л񣬼æ˳ǡ
裬ôˣ
ĸ˽Լϵ·
㻹ôˣһҪأҹŻȥĶˣո˭
ԼŮŲ˵һ⣬æ˯Ϲ
˵Ů⾿ôˣò汻ռ˰ɣ
ԼҫŮǸһ֦
θһҲýȥĸһѯŮ쾿ȥ˭ᵽոնĸ˵ĿˣθҲ֡
ܿӵˣࡣ
裬û¡Ҳûб˭ôҽֻȥ˹˼ҡ
䣬ҡͷ
׼ȷ˵ռҡ
ĸü
ʲô˼ռҵģô¶
ǣԼһг˵һ飬Լȥ˹ͼʱ򣬺Թ˸ĸɫôáǲŲŮ޵һСϳԿۡ
֮˵͵ǸСֶŮȻͺйϵҺŰݷ֮󣬶ĸʲôɶθȴɫһ䡣
˵ǸСգĽࣿ
ǣ
úܺóԣ
ţ
ȻǲǻϵѧУ飿
ôãҡҡͷ
˵ĽΪʳô򹤣Ӧûʱȥѧɣ
˵֮뵽˺Ķ
˵ĶԹĽҩ˻Լ֮ĽҵĺӰѰҩʲôġ
θЩصͷֱ˵ԼҹŮи
϶Σʲôô˼ǸСôˣ
θҡҡͷ
ûǹСϢȴûжϹǻǵýǳҵѧ˶ô
ĸͷ˵ҲеЦ⡣
ʱǻΪдЩһô
Ǹ֪ʼٸ˭ô
θЩ
ĸɵؿŶθ
ò˵ʲôСɣ
ɿԱ߲䡣
Ľ࣡
Ȼ˵ôĽ飬Ȼֹɵĸо
ŶĽ࣬Ľࡣ϶ΣǲɣǸСŶ󣿡
۾ֱŹ⡣
ʮ壡֣֮ǰ˵ǸôǴ֮ǰľڻֵʱȶģе۶ıйϵĻԺ᲻Ҳƽư
θŮһȻ
˵Ӧһ仰ɣҪ˵ģǸСҪĺ͹͹ϵĻδܲ㻹ǲǵãҴȥʱ򣬺߸ŵǸСӣ
üͷȻǲǸ˳ʲôӣְֻ֮Ҫ˰Ǹ˵˵ء
֣ﰡҶ˵ˣֻϲ͡
θŭЦ
ǣҪ˵ģǸ˵ݡҵϢûĻǸ˾ǸС
ˡ
ʲô
˾ˣ
Ȼ뵽˽Էʱ򣬱Ľ˾˵ˣԭ
֣ô֪ôడ
ǺǣʲôְǸģרŸдµģ˺֮Ĺϵܲȵôһʲôǵˣʱʲôˣң˾ˣǸѧһӣȴվ˰ٻ¥ĺ棬˵±ȸҪá
ԼĽѾ˽ʱ򣬾θһס
ң֪Ľ࣬гŮͬࡣ֮ǰȥɷshiʱshi˵Ľ飬ֻʱ޹أҲֻһ䡣
ԼҸĸˣ򴽰ꡣ
ǰ裬Һ͹˵顭
ĸ˸˸ЦǺǵĵͷ
㿴˼ң˼ҿô
ذͷһ
ߣ㲻ŵĻƣ˭ֻҿϱˣб˿ҵģ
ĸɷͷҲЦ
ȢǼŮϱ˸ˣҿϣҿϵĻǻùúС˾˵ôǸ
ҡҡͷһ
ҲŲҵˣҪԼȥ׷
μĽ͹ͣĽ͹Ҳǡ				

131´

ռҡ
壬νͦõİ
ˣ
ѵüã˳ƯһûЩӣ׽ӴȻԼе˴ŵС˽ģҲȫΪ㣬ԸΪЭСڴŵҰɣ
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ϲ
Ľ롣
ΪʲôҪϲ
ͳĬ֮ص˵ͷ
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֪ˣ
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Ľһ±ƵתͷŹͿ˹ȥͼԷͷĬؿʼϴ·
ʼ
岻ϲĻҲûϵʱ仹磬ͻСԺҵһġ
۾ԺĴ㣬ûֹͿ˱仯
ʱոյҵĺҲԼϱ˵˽ȥĽ顣
ô˵ҪȥѰ
˵ͷ
ʵٲûҪԼҶӳĽҩֻΪ˴ҩϺ˵ĽĳͻԼڻЦһ·һֱĽȷʱͣµ顣
ҲѯʺΪʲôûҽԺǺȴЦҡͷΪҽԺû˿
Ҳ֮Ľʶһ㣬֮öӳҩ˳Ȼˡҳ֮󣬺˵ɫ˲٣Ӽ˹Ľ࿴һ㡣
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̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
õģɻֻһ㡣
˵ŰĽԼļƻ˹ȥ
ҲЩҩ͹ȥѣ˼Ҹôһݴ񡣡
һ¡
Ĺҿû°ɣ
û¶⻹ĽĹأⶫ˼Ҹġ
ٽסһۣЩԾ
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Сģ˺աȥԼҸĸһˣȴһݼƻ顣
Ӧòܰɣ
ٿˣü
ͷ
ǲҹܣģ߾ֻҡ
֮ǰǸ¼Լõ˼νҲסµһȺˣȻԼ治ģɴ֮Լɫ׵վ˽ŸԺҲû˹ҹ鷳
еĹ֪ͣ
ȻҲ֪롣
ʱôһݴǲʲôе˵ȥɣˣǻһС˾ô㿴Ǳ߻ûпλҸô
ҡͷ
ô
ĽûиԼڣСҲûиԼ˵Ҳ˵Сܵôдȶ
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ڶ硣
СͺˣȻҲ˿ڳԷʱѯԼûʲôҪæʱ򣬳С嵹û˿
ԵĻɩܲڵ۶Ǳߵ˰׿α͸ϰϣǵص̫ˣĽѧУĿαҲˣĶ̫򵥡
ʲô
αϣ
˵٣ǺҲе±ơ
ʱҪαѲ㻹Ҫ飿
Сͷ
֮ǰöʲôԽԽ֣Լ֪Ķ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪Ľ˵Щ飬ѡ˶Ŀ
Цˡ
ûû£鲻Сһ׮ѡóţǱȥ籨Ǹһ㡣
ųС͡
ˣѵ֮࣬Գ顣
뵽֮ǰԼʶĹͺ⼸Ĺڹ͵顣
Ǻӣ˵Ҳһɶõĺӣǰרѧ߶û㶨ĴеԼӲŰѻ޺ˣʡһǮ˺һޣԴҿ佱ʱֻͷо鱾
룬ڳ극֮󣬺ٷ籨ʱҲ޵顣
úúá㣬ԽҪĽˣ
˵ͼǸƢһغԼĺӣȻȥá
ĽѾǰǸոѧҽʲô½ۣҩСġ
˰Цˡ
Ѿ֮ǰ̫ˣֻǣֻһζĲ岻УҪʵĶС
תͷŶӿ˹ȥһĽؿ͹ֵģЩࡣ
岻ã仹෽Ĳ֮ǰڵ۶ʱ򣬼˺޲ò˫մء
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ʵûôأ˲ŻãˣЩӰȻһ㡣
룬һ󵨵ľ
ԵĻҰ漸죿
Ľסҡҡͷ
ģҪӣҺһ죬ôһǷڶѧѧգǼϺҲܸǸʲôҩ֮ġ
ģô
ֲֻ˵ڣĽֻǿص˵ͷ
ðɣ
ǣپ˳µشźס				

132ֻ

ֻ
ӵԼϱϢĺЩ±ƣܿͷ
Ƿ޴꺢֮;ģôѾϰˣҲﵽϣҲûкԶżȥһ¡
Ȼڼס£ĽҲûиٿӽչˣԼÿȥҽԺʵϰϻؼҲԱ߸ѧǼ֮Ҳģġ
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Ľ࣬ⶫģ
Ľ෭˷ͷ
ΪûٶԼԼġ
ٵЩš
֪֪Щ鷳
ֶ֪һ㲻ǳȥ˵ҲǴȥ
Сӡ
ٻЩ£ǲǴǣ˵ʲôʲô鶼Լ뷨ڣҲ֪Լʱһʱǿ˵Ļܴغ
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Ľ࣬ⶫܸܲңŪȻԼҲֲ٣ⶫеѡ
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СһһŰԼ־ٸߣԱߵһ±ơ
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дô
ǡֻСʱ̸ҽģֻСʱȽϺãһֱǵڶѡ
üͷɵؿһһĽࡣ
Լģ
ֱͬѧλרűдݻҪá
Լ²Ḻ̌ܽĻϾǿɻʲôģ̹ʲôģһ˲ôḻ
˭˵İɣҲ̫Ҳı濴ģϾ̵鱾кܶࡣ
ٵͷֻѾ⣬ͷʣûʲô鱾мأֻȥ
Ľٲ׷ʣݺݵزһͷϵĺˮ
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ո°࣬ͱ׺˶ȥռơ
Щ֣˸״Ϣ˵ȥռңͼռҶһŮ˺ͺӡ
θֻ˺ʧȥռңڼٵʱ򣬶ĪֳһĨ
˭
ŮƯʣ˼ֹ				

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ѾΪǰŮ˶壬Ȼûй˼˵һһ
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ټҪ֣ȻûţλøĽ࣬Լ˸ڳ˳
ʱԶڱ𴦵ũ
콨ؽӵ˺ȥĵ籨
˵Ҫƣҵ죡Ľ໹ҵĹˣĻҵôôվ棿ôô˹滮
콨ϱҵЦҡҡͷ
ֻĹˣȫҵĹˡĻ۶Ҳô˳س
һϲ̵˵Ľ飬Խ˵ԽĽ̫࣬һһ£˰Ľĸ׵Ĳ뵽˼档
Ľ׵Ĺϵã콨֪Ǹո˸׵еĸвϲԼӵģһԸŮͺãΪóԼغþõĺþơ
Σ˵¶
ԴĽũһ֮Ĳͳ˵ĵλڽû֮ǰΨΨŵŵģ߸ߵ̧°ͣһưĿ˵̬
˵ˣԼҹŮκܶ飬ԼŮǼƻ黹ʲôũôá
ͬ־Լ棬þʲôΣϸҴֱ꣬ӽСС
Ĳһޱҡҡͷ
ɣС֮Ĳ̫ţҾͽ㽨ɣ
콨ЦǺǵصͷкŴһ³ԷڵظĲơ
Ĳ콨ССģԽŴұźӺĸҪ̲סüͷһ壬ոĿӣžһ·ϣ˲ԼͬĿ
һĺӣΪͻһ˯оѣۡһ
СӲŸոһ࣬۵ţ岻סĸס˺ӣУ콨Ҳվ
ֻֻûӣͱĲ˹ȥĲüͷļֱԼһֻӬ
У				

134


콨תͷĲһɻ
ôˣʲôУ
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ʲô
Σֻ콨꣬˶̲סתͷĲ˹ȥ
ĲȴԼʲôˣ°һ̧дʵظ콨ǿӦ顣
˱ˣΪû뵽ʱȻķ⽨˼롣
ĸתͷҪȴԼҶվ˳һ΢ЦظĲ˵ͷ
ͬ־Ҵˣ
ĸŭ
꣡
Ҳ̲סԹؿԼˣ ֮ǰģΪʲô⸱ģ
Ĳȴһӿɽ̵ı飬һ⡣
֪ܸĪɡûϵϾû˸˵ũΣĿӦ÷Զһ㣬ԼеעȫũĽȥ
Ĳм˵ȥӣ콨꼱æס˵Ļ
ˣ˵Ҵˣ˵ͬĻ˵ҲΪмĽҪǸŮ˺ͺá룬ĸףûá
˵ʲôҪҺǸ֪߳ܵѾͷͺãߣڻؼңһϾŮϵҲŲһŮ
콨ɫһ䡣
ĽִĵСһ
أ Ȼ֪ôͨ
һ
Ҫ븸ŮϵĽɣ˼ӵùһףԼʣ˸֮⣬ôô
ĲԼϺ͵λ⵽صӺƣһ˦ӡ
Σ㲻Ҫˣũô飬ΪŮ
ǣûǣҲŻҲ㲻ҪˣҪ븸ŮϵǸŮΪ쵽ġ
ߣ˭ŪЩˣô׼ô
Ĳ콨Ҳûи˵ȥ˼ֱתͷˡ
䣬ͼſվŵĳ
ĲתͷҲԼϱ˿ûо
ﲻԾüõؿ
ô˭ģ֮ǰǶ˵ˣ 粻ؼҳԷô
͵۾ȻĲޱʡ
ո˵ģ
ʲôļٵģ
ҪĽ븸Ůϵ
Ĳһ£û뵽Լ˵ĲһʱȻˣ˵һĭһȻҪ˵㻰ͷ
ǣ
˱۾س˳ǡ
ðǵʲôʱ븸ŮϵĻ鷳֪ͨһ£Ҳͬһȥɣ
ʲô
ֱһʯˮϣǧˡ
ĸʹҼæѳ˽ԺȰ˵š
ϾĻᱻһӶƲģ¼ٹ֣ͥ˫Ҳǿţһһ졣
Ĳųֿ̂ĸʹҵȰ˵ɲɿڵĳһ
ã룬˭㣡
˵֮ŭ뿪
ǴҰѺӽ콨ߣԼų֣ԺȰš
ʵڲУΪ˺ӣ̡
ӣǾãĸڣԺӶһ»ǻ£
ĸʹȻ뵽ոĲ콨˵һĵĻ˶һۣƿԵҡҡͷ
Уرࡣ
˻飬Ժզ찡
Ҳû˵һҪ飬ĸҸĽһϵĻһ롣
ѾԲĽʮˣٶԲǸˣ
ȳ뿪֮콨ĸ׺ϱת̾һԥԥǰü򵥵Ļ˵籨Ľࡣ
Ľû뵽һһֻĲĳȻ˵ⷬ
ò˵Լůڵġ
Ľ࣬һֱɵ㶣ǲǸСµ¶ʵڲеĻ㲻ҪǽˣҲС
ټĽһԲվط̲סȥȰ˵
ڵ۶ͬѧѾˣûµļأҲڸˣҲûй˭ҽµʷĽԼǱȽĽԼС¡
֮ǰ˵ô˵ġ
͹ĽǵԼǶԲҪ˶Ŀ
Цˡ
ǣġϴǸͬѧ˵Ļô
ϴι˰ʱ䣬Ȼڰѯǣ˵ҪȥԼĸףĽô
ĽȻ鷢չе죬û뵽֮һ˵Էֱӱʾȥ
ʲô˵ģ
˼ˣȻܰԧ첻ǣ
Ҿôνǹ壬ԼǾÿȥҲСˣ˷䡣
ԸϽޡ
֪ȵ֮û꣬һֹغŮ˺
ӵ˶ڻƬϷ				

135½

ĽϣӣҲչˣҲһͥĻԺǸ˻֮Ҳ̫ġ
ֻɣûΪ߹ֻͣ˵˲顣
һȰ˵ŹͣһߣĽֺͶ˵˹͵
Сʱĸ뿪̣һξӰദʱ򣬹ֲõĻ㲻Ҫϡ
û뵽龹Ȼô˳˵ϲͣ¾ûһʷ͹ദʱչ˹ҲĸԸ
ǣȵĽ࿪ѧʱȻϵûеʱĳ̶ȣҲ֮ǰྴҪõ̫̫࣬ĽּɣٴȤ
ѵͲڽ֮ûа취չˣ
͸ո°ⷬŲһ٣վûŽȥǵĽĻش
ĽЦҡҡͷ
˭˭ĸӹѾ̫ˣҲΪҲû취ԼĿֽڱ˵ʹϡҲΪҵչˣҲŸҪõҸ
һ̾ԼĽ룬̾Ϣһ
ϰǿµģڻû̫壬ڻûгΪۣҪϿֲСȻҵԺ浽һҲ÷ֵġ
ʱԼĸ˶ԼҪɵʱ򣬶ԷҪԾͻֳȻûʲôԼ룬棬չүүæµаԼݵܶԼû취⡣
ٿĽģ̾Ϣһεҡҡͷ
㰡֪ʲôʱôʲôʱΪҿǵʱʵ˿˽һġ
ɹûбҪΪҶԼİҸ˵ƽ
˭ûȨñΪԼһУ°Ҳһ
ͣվſڸôȥ
ȻӵĽٶһۣæֹס˻ͼʹſг˽
壬ô°ô磿
Ľװ¡
ҡҡͷ
ѧϰǰҾͻˣ
̧ȥմ󺣣ԺĽࡢٺһ˵
ӣ뵽˸ոռѿı飬Ľȥһ¡
㱾Ǻõģ֪Ǿ¾ᡣ
ĽҲǣùΪԼҪĸСʱͲˡ
ͽһ֮󣬹Ͳؿ
Ľ࣬ǵһ¶ҽ᲻飬˵Զۡ
ֻǲ𺳵ģĽһ㶣ȻЦе䴽ǡ
ȻǺõġҪǵⷬȻȵʱ˻飬Ӳʱ򣬾ͳˣ
⣿
֮ǰĽϵ᲻ô
ʵж߹͡
ͣôôأˣĽ壬ҾҲæչİ
Ҿĸ˵ĽͲҪչˣֻҪ޸ͣȻͿ̵ؼ
û뵽Ȼ˵ʹӦüȡ
˵ĻģĲ⣿ҪչĽ࣬˺ͺӣԺ󻹿кܶ顣
ȥ궬æĽú򣬱֮Χǽӹ̣һȥũ裬©ʱ޲ݣȵȡ
ҡͷ
ûⰡ
˵Դģ滹ֹ
ν£ӦòɣĽҼǼزҲͦģӦòֲϲܺ͡
ֻţôҲ˵
ò͹ߵһ治ΪЩ¶ֵʲô졣
ȶ裬ͼڡ
УǼҪܶĻҿòôǮ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰĽ˵ģÿ¶Ǯ飬вһݡ
æԣչҲУǹǮƱֶԼȽϰȫ
Ǹ֮ǰ˵ǮĽౣܣѵԺҲҪôң㶼ΪԼһô
ҡͷݺһɡ
ããΪԼǵġ
û뵽һĿɿڴ
ҲǹԵȵǽ֮ҵһ빤ʶ
Լһ˲еհףæֹ˹͵Ļ
ȵȣȵȣǲŪʲôڸ٣
ȫ
ûһѪ
ʱĽҲںͱ顣
Ҫ飬ҽҪתһ죬֮ǰµǮ򡣡
ٿ˲ȴǳֵĽࡣ
ԣ㲻ңҪȥϱɣ
Ľüͷû˵ϵı˵˴𰸡
Ǻݺݵس鴤¡
ôײУ֪				

136¼ҳ

Ľٵı鿴ҲûнͣүүͺڣԼо˾ˣǣ棬Լ͹˻ΪĹϵ
ܹҸܻϲ
֮ǰ˵ͬѧڳ繤ôܲҪһϵʽͶ壿
۾һ
֮ǰǸֻĹ£
ĽʵĹ£ֻĹѾˣֻܵͷ
֮ǰƭأ¶ڶ˰ɣ
ĽȻ֮ɫɿذڰ֡
ûϵϣֻҪԼָдͽ졣
Ľźݺݵһ
Ȿ֣ͯʦĹ£ȷֻҪⱾһòҲ֣ʦֱԼΣ־ԺһҪӦĲ
Ľȥ濪ʼд֣ҪΪĽȡĸ
Ͳ֪ĽΪԼĴ㣬Ͷ̸һδܻ⣬̶ֶ֮ܳȥһЩ⣬ĺ֮̾Ķŵ˶μҡ
죬ջؼҺ͸ĸ˵˹һݷõ飬⵽ĸ׵䡣
ҪѵͲ˵ɺãģûдɨ˼ҹЦô죿
θҲҿԼ·ԼҪٻȥһµġ
Ц۾ԼֱǱ˵ˣʲôģϲһ˶ô˳
裬ȥ·ɨ
ԸȴõĸЦ
ʲôСûù㡣ˣȥˣ⣬Ӱɣ
ӦһЦеسš
ŵʱ򣬶ûлĸĴɨθȥš
Щʱ˾ҪԵθǰСӾǰһ
ߴ󣬽˶һСɫٵ壬ϴһµĳ£һɫ㣬ԼΧСǻҪ䣬Ҳ޹ԼŮῴ
ǹͬ־ɣովʱ˵Ͻ
ĸҲӭ˳һѶ
֮ǰĹͼûгԲ֪أǱͬ¼ЩŮҪõ̫̫ˡ
̾ƣǮƱҲ򵽰ɣ
滹һѵĸɫ˺⣬ĺܵˡ
֪ĸ뷨ƻԼʱĽǧ̣˵Լ
壬ʱҲ֪ҪʲôЩǾõĵġԼá
ͰѶ棬ϡ
θĸһۣɶθŹڿ˵ĸŹ͸Ĳ˽˳
ԭΪ͸ֻ̾ƺ߲࣬û뵽Ȼӵóһ
ЩɻĿ˿ڿԼ˵Ĺ̲ͣסü
ѲԼϰףһŵʱҪô
ɵ֮󣬷ⲻǲȻ·
ԣǼһڣһһס
ݺݵһڿˮ̫ˡ
ԼĲƱҲװɣֿ·ƷԼ뷨·ģеġ
ǹŮǸȷĺɫȹԼϴγʱŮĻҪá
·˳ȥ
Ͱ׼ô
Ϳ˿·뵽Լ֮ǰĽԼ˵׼ӦûԵ˵ͷ
θԼϱɫöԷЩС
һ·ѣô
ŮһţҪ˼С˲ǡ
ӵĶĸˣһ·ĻȻûɶװ
˲֪͵ļҵ׶ԼѾԼСȥִ֪ܲÿ¶Ǯ
˵·һ·Ҳһ¹ʰɣ
ɾ֮࣬ЩпԼŮ˺ˡ
ʱ򣬼ЩΣѯĸ׷ʲô¶
Ȼͱĸ׸˳ѯ·ô¶
ͬ±ƣԼ֮ǰȥ͵ʱһ仰ûиԼ˵
Щģ
ĸùԼһȹ۾ص˵ͷ
ǰɣϾûи˵Щ
Ȼ棬 Ҳ̸Щ⣬˵˻ûжףҪ飬
ĸ񿴹ĸ￴ŮԽԽ⡣
Це·ȥѯʹ͡
Сˣ԰ɣ˶࣬ǳԽӰɣ
룬ɳ
ɣ
ĸûϹ;ȻЩ֮Ҳ˿˼
ð˶ĻҲܰĿһ㡣
Ҳû˵ӣϴϴֱ֣ӽ˳				

137ĸ￴Ů

ĸ֮ǰиýãиŮʲôã˵Ҳ𣬵Ǿ岻Ȳֵֻ֣˵ĺã¶
ԽйͽҲ˼ֻû뵽棬ԼĻҪá
Ȼ뵽˹ʹСĸߣ֮Ҳȥ飬һǿԶˣԼĹϵԾ˽ࡣ
ڼҾɣ
һ£ҡҡͷ
ûĽ֮ǰԼڻеʳóԣȻ̫óԣҲԼǿ
ֻĽ֮Լа˼˵ķˣңҲʵûĽĺóԡ
ȹͽ֮󣬶ĸ뵽ԼĹĽ顣
˵˹Ľ飬ǺҲͦ׵ģܶչһͶչһ㡣
Ͳؿ˶ĸһۣȻصص˵ͷ
ã
ʲôõĶĸʱԼӦý̵Էһ£СǮͲܲ˵Ϊǲõϰߡ
֪ͣһǣҪֺһ㣬һûֻҪóԶ·ȷͦõģǼǮҲͦİɣûг㣬Է¶ԼҪС
ԼĻβڣĸһԼҹŮЩΡ
ҲҪ˵ҪǹӣмǮʱûǮûƱôУ
͵ͷ
˵ĺܶԡ·Ľ׼ġ
ĸ
ɰͰ͵ЦЦ־ĽĶǲ̫أ
ԱߵĶҲȻȻ
ĸü
ôˣһһէģ
ҡҡͷֻϵıǸӡ
ҵһȥĽʱ˵ϵȹͦÿġ֮ҼǲǺܶÿȹӡԣǲΪϲȹӣһ
ĽҪԼȹӣ̰أ
Ǻ룬ŮȥݷӶס棬ôȱһȹӣ
Ϳһ۶صͷ
Ľ˵ȽʺϴȹӣԲҸӰһ㲻ϲ˵ϲĻ˵һҪʲôģ˸
ĸĿࡣ
Щƽôģ
˼Ѱһһ·ѾϲĲҪҪˣ߻вϲһ׵ģ
գɿҡͷҡͷ
Һϲǳϲ
ӵȹԼܲϲǵжģ
ͬԼҹŮϲʤĸǿ˸Ķ
Сӣ˵Ľ·Լģǻǲϡ
ŶԼѡƵġϲ··
ĸԣһѾص˵ͷ۾ɨ˹·ʱ򣬶ٻǿ˵㲻һ
ºͿӣƲԣǿϸڣǱȽЩʮǮģҪõöࡣ
˶ĸߣͽ˵·ҲĽġ
ĸͷֻЩ⼸ʮ궼˹ϣôʲôһСŮ
ϲ̵ģĸ˵һֱ֮ӻ滻Ľոոõ·
ɫͺɫཻĸӳȹ䣬Ҷ죬ǿɽݣԵϸ޳
̵ؽ˳һ˫۾Źͣȴ˵Լĸġ
裬·òÿ
ĸ֮ǰͷ·һ񿴵·ԼŮϣҲ̲סͷ
ÿܺÿ
Ҳ̲סͷ
Ľ·ǲ
תתȹӣҧҧ꣬ߥĸȥ·
ĸϣ·˼͵ģеʹģ
ǹҲԱ߿ڡ
ԴԿ֮ǰҲûĳߴ磬ﲻʣҴȥĸġ
ĸ̨£ĸŮ˲ϲ·ģԥһ£ǻȥ·
ȹӣװһ΢İɫ£ʽ°΢΢էһɫӣֻǺĿӲͬǣ΢ʽպסԴֵСȣϲ֡
˶·ǶθҲĦȭƵҪȥԿ
ĽڶθµĹҪ˶öࡣ
ϾθĹʺ˲һһ׶˵㻨ɽװʽ
θԼҲ·Ǵ֪··ȷһġ
һá
ϺԼϱһҡҡͷ
ΣǷһݺô顣
飬ƻҪԼҹŮȥ
˸ոջ·תͷͼѾѽӶ
ԽӰɣ
ĸֱһæ߼סҪĹ͡
⺢ӣôܲǾԼأȥһԷ齻ҺС
֮һ⣬ڹ
Ȼûиĸ׹ţŮ޹ȥֱ֮ӵԱ߰ţҲʲôԼգ޻·˵ŵҲҡ
ǣŰ鼰綨ȴ͸ܾˡ
飬ȥͼ
ˣ
ĸͶθһָۣǡ
ǸĽࣿ				

138һ

ѹߣμҼæٿһ飬ľǹĽġ
֮ǰ͸Լ˵Ļޱظ˸ĸұԼ
ҾĽͦõİͦദģҲóԣ·㲻֪ǰܰǸСӣȥǼһΣûÿ·ЬӶߡ
ԣôĽô⡣
ȹĺܺÿ
֮ǰҲûз֣ɫ·óƤš
վǴҵͬѧۻᣬԼȹӵĻһѹȺİɣ
ɵѾͷҲ֪ǸСܸɣ֮ǰҾһ£һ˵͵Ĵ㣬ҵе㲻СôȻϰڼ浱ģҹôԺ˹˼ңһûìܻãԺìܡ
θҲüƺ˵Ҳȷ
Ľ˵ǹ͵ֶŮͣ˵ҲΪҲʵû˵ϱСദǢģϱոռ޹ʱҲֹһء
ԣҲֹĺĽìܵĻ;ǰԼǰֶŮأ
裬˵զ죿
ܲܰѹ͹˰ɣ
ôôġ
ֵˣ Ͳһˡ
ȲҪżȿȿ˵
ʱĹͣһ·磬ؼҾͼԼֵֹġ
ôμҸĸദô
֮ͷ
㲻ɣҪõöࡣ
ǣʲôʱ򶩻أ
Ľôֱ˵ʻҡҡͷ
֪
Ĳ֪
ڵ͵ˣڼСҲʼˣĽö˻ôȷ
һ˵𶩻߽飬ĪЩֻźͷꡣ
֮ԼҪһ𣬿δһЩʱ˿󲻵ı仯ֱ仯̫ϲҲ̫ڴ
֪
Ľ࿴٣⡣
룬žʶʱ̫ˣҪһʱദܶ
ĽҲҲǣ˵Ҳһʱ䣬ߵ̫ˣʱǳǧҪĻһҪ֪ͨ
ã
ƺôʱĽ໹ҪҪԼϵͬѧ
ȻҪԼǮˣҲûҪǮȻ취׬ǮѧѧУæˣҽԺʵϰҲæȻԹ˲Ͼ
ѧѾ·ˣٹһȥһ꣬Ҫһꡣ
Ǻãָдãһ˼Ĺȥ
֮ǰѾ˴˵绰ԷҪĸأͲĽĶϽ͹ȥ
ʱһȥ
Ľ࿪ѧ֮ǰĽ࣬һո±µȹӣСӵ·ԼȥѧУʱԵõĶ
ν㣬ͶҶˣ
Ľ࿴ŶùĶԽеࡣ
ϾзҪȢ˼СȻҪϺŲԵõһ棬Ǽ׼ҲǲС˹ͣҲûԷô
Ľ࣬ŰɣⲻС·ѣɲǵ׿Աȵġ
ҵ·ģĲϣȽϱˡ
Ҳ˰ 㲻֪ǰЩͬѧۻʱ򣬿ɳһͷأ
ĽֻܳĬصͷ
˼ҼȻô˵ˣƴȥЩζ
ŶУҴȥ档˵㿼ǿǳѧУӦñϵѧУҪõöࡣ
ˡҼ滹һҪչˣʱˡ
ȥ棬ܿ԰ɣ
Ľû뵽ȻԼǰˣС˼
һпԼ־ôῴ
ð
ҪҪ
һɿصͷ絷⣬Ȼ͸Ľ·ֿ֮ĵȰ˵ĽഩԼȹӡ
Ľ࣬ôƯȹ֮һƯġ
ĽüͷذȹӻϣٵǵĿУŶ˳ǡ
һվȻǶ档
˵μ˶Ľ棬ĽҲԶμ˺ܺ档
˵棬ֻ˵ŹͿ˺ĸòദ
ԣĸĽ׼˺öණҪȥֻǶĽԼҪڽϹΪɾܾˡ
˵Ľ֣һϲ
֮ǰ͸Լͬѧ˵ԼѵֶŮԼ·Ƕţ˴ȥǾӦò᲻˰ɣ
۵׵ϲɫĽü
ԣԼĿĲΪ˼裬ҪϽְɣ
ôˣʲôʲôΪʲôԼйأ				

139ͳԷ

СͥͲԼȦҲһģֻǺ˽ٻôһԼ̫ԸˣȽӨӨһ
ϴԼͬѧۻϴĽ͸ԼȹӣϿҫԼѵֶŮ͸ԼģȽӨӨȴ˵˵ѣ·̳ģǱġ
ԶһҪ֤ԼǶԵģȴֲ֪ôĽ˵ֻ˵Ȱƭ棬ȻٴĽȥˡ
Ľжٲ³һ㶫һ·˼Ҳ˵Ҳûڡ
ȽӨӨԼʳ档
֮Ľྪȵط֣ʮʮˡ
üͷ
ڵ˶ôô
ļѼɿسְӭ˹ҶĽעĿһĴ
ȽӨӨŶǸСѾͷ̲סǡ
˵ǸСֶŮˣ·ϵ·ԼƵģǣûпĻϵ·ڰٻ¥İɣ
ɫǺصŶԷȭͷգҧ
ȽӨӨ㲻֪ͲҪ˵ҪˣҰ˸ˣˣ·ǾһҪԼôƫƫϲԼˣ
ǵȻ֤˵ѿô
˵ʲô˵һ飿
ۼտʼĽЩεҡҡͷֳ˳·һǡ
ν㣬ûµĻˣ
òһΣȱ˲ٶ㡣
ɫһ䣬Ľ಻һ뵽͵Ĳޣ˼Ҳ˼룬Ҳ뿪ġ
ҪߣҿˣϷ˰ɣ˵˵ĻôѣҲƽϵġѶѣСϲôѾ
ҧҧĽָ΢΢ŭؿĽࡣ
Уڻߡðҡ
Ľʹ˦һûָ֣˶ֱѨλߵһ£ϳʹطſȻĽ۾ӷ
ȽӨӨĽˣ·ҽٻ˾ĶβǺӺĸ׾Ľסš
ȽӨӨЦһع˹ơ
˵ãĻҪáûϵҾϲĹ¡˵ǲǸ˵Сݵأȵˣ
ɫǺ죬ЩյصһĽࡣ
Ľ࣬㵹˵仰ĻҲ˳ͻ
Ľ֮ǰöҲһһҵĸ֡
ôȷҶ𣬶ΪԼҫ˼ԼµҪԼеľƾʲôҪñΪĴ򵥣ҲСãĸס
û뵽ĽΪҲû뵽Ľ͸һˡ
գĽ˵ģյǣҲܵô˵Լ²̨
ȽӨӨһЦĽ߶ٻ˲١
Це˹ȥִĽļϡ
Сã˵ĲƾʲôԼ˴æƨأֲ衣ҿͦԵģһ㣬ٷˣô
ĽһЦͷ޹ؿȽӨӨ
С㣬ҪҳԷô
ǵȻ˵óõ
ȽӨӨؿһɫ죬շǳĶݺݵص˵ͷ
ֲ˭˭˭һ˵Ͱɵģֻ˵ѻҪʳ˼СѰԼԲѡ
Ҳ̲סˣֱӳȽӨӨ˹ȥ
˵һ䣿˵һ䣬˺ͣ
СʱոյȥʦȽӨӨһôֲ֪ȽӨӨĳԻ˶Ӷװģ˵״ҲȽӨӨҫַȥѧ
ɾôһС¶ȽӨӨһֱǵڡ
Ҫ˶ȥܣƫƫԽ࣬ƺԽ
ĽҲ໰һȺ˽ȥִһ˳е˾м˺ӵһμķֳ
ң˶֪ʲô㿴ңҿ㣬±ƣͼĽԼĶӣ޹ؿȽӨӨֿ
Ҷˣ㣬һҹһ˵ҪҳԷԲԷ
ԣ
ԣ
˶һۣͬ
ֻǣ˭Ǯϣ˵Ǵ˲ͬ
ҴģȻǮ
ȽӨӨƾʲôոҶ˵ˣǮ˼СﶼӦˣϹʲô
֣ǱߵĽѾõ˲˵ɴؿʼˡ
һӼһཷ˿һˮ㣬һëѪһ
潥˵߶ͶעȥʳҲͬʱ
ĽȻһ㣬㡣
ŶȲˣټӼز˰ɣһƤһ˿һƤһ				

140ʲô

ĽߵţǱȽӨӨͶ˱졣
ǰĽ࣬Ȼ뵽Լռʱ¶޹ģ˭һᵹùġ
ȻĽһʮǿЦȽӨӨļ
Ƚͬ־ող˵ҪôģҲǼŰ£¡˵ʳʦ˺ܺóԵġһ
ȽӨӨˣҧгݵŭĽࡣ
ǹġ
ģ
ĽеĲ˵һ±ƵĿɫѿȽӨӨȻɫһͨһ㡣
һ֣еĲ˵ɿطϣȻųǱߺ
С磬ոҪĲ˶ҪˣҪˣ
ȻͿȽӨӨôҶڡ
ӨӨ㣬ûǮҲ˵ҺǻûȻĻǽ컹û취Ǯأ
ĽģЦﵽۣǺȽӨӨڰ֡
ԭȽͬ־ҲС
ȽӨӨѼϼܣҧҧ꣬һһӡ
ϲˣ˭˵ûǮǼ̲˶ѡ
ֻǣȷͲˡ
ոֻ֪Ľ˺ܶ෹ˣҲû뵽ĵİ
һöǮ
ȽӨӨ뵽Ǯ˶һ֮أ̵ĳŶպȽӨӨһҲ⣬˭û¶˻ʳõôԵİ
ȽӨӨĳԲ¶
ǶԭûôθڵģΪȽӨӨԱ񣬵̵ĳ˲١
ĽԼԺػĽв˸ĽΪЦ
ŤŤһٷˣ˽˵ʱ䡣
˵ȫȽӨӨϣĶ
ȽӨӨһݺݵصһۣĹĵĽʳõͬ־Լˡ
ͬ־һһһʮ߿ëһ
ʲô˵٣һһһʮߣ
ʳõĻƵͷе˵˹ȥ
λͬ־˶ʮƣԲġ
ȽӨӨһ֣Ȼ֪˵ƲֻǣֻǱһĽ˶ѡ
԰ԼĿ
棬ǮУƱҲУǵ滹ûһٶôࡣ
ǸûдôǮܲһؼҸȡǮ
ҡҡͷ
Ҳȥֻǰղ˳ԷǮǹҵĲƲҪΪ𡣡
ȽӨӨˣȽӨӨȥǮʳ浱ʡ
ǣСǮô᲻뿪֮󲻻ˣҼ滹еܵܣҪȥչ˵ܵأ
ĽСԴһҺܺµģ
ǣո˵ȫ͡
ϾȻñȽϺãԱ˽˭ҲԸðôȻȽӨӨˣǮɾˡ
˵ı鿴ȽӨӨϵıѿ֮
ԭܵȽӨӨԱģû뵽Ȼ⸱ģ
룬ԼڴĶʮǮһЩƱݸȽӨӨ
ȻǮ࣬ϴеǮˣ
ȽӨӨɫؿŶҧŴڽ˽սһ˵ҪͶԸһ˵ҪǮĻǽҪȥɳ
ȽӨӨٳٲӣЩյذǮһ
ŰҲ˷ģҰ˽йҲỨôࡣ
ȽӨӨָжؿŶͼԷû¶һֿʼ˰ǮƱó
ֻǣ˸ˣ ȴûи
˼Ҷ˵õİ취ǽǮպԼýýŵͬ飬ȽӨӨЦһס˻˵ǮƱĶ
ˣ
ΪʲôãⲻһСǮҶ˰ȻҪһǮԼһٶֻ࣬ôƱؼô轻
ȽӨӨ֡
ˣ㲻ҪҸҪԱߵžͺá
ֵûʮһ
СʦӴʲôʱģôҲһкҺȥ㰡
ѭȥͼһ΢ְССӴӳ˳ϻһëΧȹ
ǡĳʦ
νСʦǡ
ؿǸʦϲ̵ĳ嵽ĽߣȻɨһǽһƬӣһĴȡ
ӴһԭСʦİҲ˵Ҷŵ㶫ٲȻóһҲа̫࣬ͼˣζ̫ðɣ
˵ţһСؿĽ࣬±һ㡣
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ãǣӼѡĲã֮ǰҾ͸˵ˡཷ˿ζҲԣɣС
˵Żãÿһ˵˲֮
ڳҪǮҪƱһ±ƵĿͬ±ƵĶ
ʲô				

141֪֪治֪

֪֪治֪
ӴҵߣҲͬ±ƿЦ
Ķ֪ʲô
ֻ֪Ľˣ֪Ľ໹ͽܣһڳʳʦ
ȽӨӨñȽ϶࣬ǰĽͳʦ˽ģͱͱԱ߶ʡ
ǸСãԼĻ·
Ͼ·ÿȶ֮ǰʲôϺĶҪÿ֣ôţ
һۡ
Сʱһô꣬û갡˵ᣬĻᰡ첻һףҰһأ
뵽͸Լ˵Ļֲһ䡣
Ŷ
ȽӨӨŷ˸ۡ
˵ôžͲʮѾͷֱʡ
·ԼƵģڵһġ
ȽӨӨţ־һӡ
㻹ǵȥʱڳеִô
ôѲɻСйأ
ɲǣƵģ˵ȥٻ¥۵ģûҪĲϡû뵽·һȥǲмˣ
ȽӨӨȻģϾԼиĸ磬벻֪ѡ
һ˫ĿĽǽѵһѵͽܣúЦ
˵ôͨСأ翴ڲͬһٿǮҲûˡ
һ
˭㲻ҵģСʱһ״ѣҲΪ˵ˡ
˵˵ţЩһЦģ
ǱߵĽͳ°Ҳ˵˽ϡ
ʦԵĿһٶɣ˭Ǯ
°һ˫С۾ȺɨһȦĽϡ
Ѳɻʦͣ
飬ǰΪʳõʱʦöˣ
ʱСѧͽԲʲôöÿʦ˲˾ǳԣ˵ֻԺˣӡ
ĶʦĶ죬ôߵĵطԷȻҪԩͷƣǱǸɫ·Сǽˡ
Ľв˵ǹģ°һ֪һĽĲ졣
ȽӨӨ֪ԼĽ࣬һС˵һһģЩ²̨
ĽеˣһٿǮأЩ˼ҿһٿǮһأ
ҲˣҪ˼ҡ
ûпڣĽڡ
㲻ùܣ˵Ǯѵá
Ǯѵ
˵ȽӨӨǶʱҲԭء
˶һۣ׷߲ѵشͷ

Ϊһ·ĻҲܷչ
Ҫǡ
ȽӨӨԼԼûǮϡ
ǽ飬û֣ʲôʲôֻǵͷ֮
뵽Ľ߹ȥ
Ľ࣬㲻ôɣʵ鶼ҵĴոҲ˵ˣû裬ûҪôΪҵ޴򵥡ոλͬ־˵һȥȡǮȻһȥȡǮģҲ˵ġ
ĽոסȽӨӨؼңΪҪȽӨӨͶԶѡ
ĿѾﵽȻ˳ˡ
ɶɲģԼҲдԼҫĽĻҲȽӨӨִҪȥȡǮȽӨӨһֵ
ֵǣʮŮ꾹ȻѯһС˼˼
Ľ಻޲ɵصͷ
˾ЩŻѱ˴˵һӵĺ
ɣ
˶ɢˣ°űͣݸĽһƵʱ䡣
ʦϹģǸĶôİ
Ľͷ
Ҳϲ¶ĻҪɩӸˣ
еɩָԼҴͽܵϱͲһʡĵģ֪Сͽܽ˻еˣĽలŵģĽ֣ȥеҳ°
°ʦֹϵʦֺɩҪ϶ԷͥҲȷ̫԰λ˳ȥ
Ľ֪֮ЩûҲλӣȻҲû취ϰࡣ
˵飬ȽӨӨѾ
ùǮֻ಻١
°ǮʱĽһۣڿԷ֮׹
ҹģĽȻزȥҲ˶ȽӨӨȥ˯ĻóСȥ˯һϡ
СѾ֮ǰһ˶ˣˣҲһɲͬȽӨӨĻŭҲᣬĽݺݵؽѵһ١
ﶼ˵һô˶ϵǲҪң
ĽȻ
ô֪ˣ
Ȼɩ˵ġ
ɩӣ٣
Ľεسǣ˵һǰְȽӨӨǽܸС壬űС

ι壬λȽôǸ·ģ
뵽͹ϵ㳣СƺҲڴǼϡ
ȽӵСһ֮ˡ
ðɺðɣҲ˵ˣ
СĽ붫˸ڲ˻⡣
쳯Ƿ治ˣ
˭
쳯
ģķ棿				

142ʲô

ʲô
Ҳ˵ĽųСˣֻȽӨӨͶˡ
ԭĽڵʱ˻ôΣɵֻʣ˵ʱվͱ΢
Ǹʱ䲻ˣǻȻȥɣ̫˲ȫ
ȴ˳š
ȽӨӨ˽Ѿı˶ԶĿټȷ˸ոеģҪһ£Ը˷ߣ
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ʲôʱ仹磬ٳȥ䣬˵ӰԺһµӰҪţҪҪȥһպǶϰ࣬ŪƱġ
˸ӣȻ¿
ǵȻˣãһûиһȥӰأ
ȽӨӨҧҧꡣ
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Լĸ첲˸ۣûؿڡ
òҪҽнǼ۶ǰɣ촵Լ۹׼ôãһȺġ
ȽӨӨǽ˽Ȼſڡ
ԲǣĽҲаиոǸˡ
Ǹˣ
ĽǸ˾ˣ
ԷһεģǲôϲԷе
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òᡭ
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ߣ˴粻ҪЦ磬㵱Լȥ׷ĹôҲϲ㶼Ѿ˵顣
ˣˣҪ֪ʲô飿֪Ķ㣬⻹ô˵ĿӰ飬һĽС
Ľʱ֪뿪̸֮ⷬеľȫ˾˸Լ˵档
˾ˣո˵ʲô˼òɣ
Сسǡ
ҲǼٵġ
Ľٵ˸£ܿ˳СǷ
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ңûйϵ
ǣ֪쳯õϢ˵ǵСǸǰѺȻָʹ˵˹ںСԼԴĹϵ
ֻǣС廰һ䣬Ľҡͷ˵ն
ܣ
СĽϣһƽ
Ϊʲô˵ܣΪʲôô϶Ǽ龿ʲôϵ
ĽЩüͷǰѵ˳С塣
ԭС;˳Ĺ֣ԼҲɹĽ࣬û뵽Ľֻ˵һ֮󣬲仰ƶķ
չ
ֻȥСǰ˵˼СĻѣģȫԼġ
ȷ֮Ҳûƶ
ĽЦһƶ
ȷΪǣ֪Ǿʲô»ʲôѡ񡣡
ȥСǰѵȥ֮ǰǻױģԷͲ޴ˣŸôƶ
Сźݺݵһ
֪֪֪֪ǧҪ߱ˣ֪ô
á
ͣ
Ϊʲô
㲻ҪʣֻǵС
Ľصͷ֮С˵˶
ȽӨӨˡ
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һ£á
СЦĿŮЩԶһ㡣
ȽӨӨ쳯ıá
Ľݺݵس˳ǣС
ĽǴҪȽӨӨԶһ㣬û뵽ԷڶԼû𴲵ʱʹһ˹ȥ档
ĽܾҲ˹ һһ˵Ҫȥ档
Ľ룬ԼҪؼõĶҲС
ȫû뵽ǣոս̳쳯
ʱ쳯͵쳯ˣǰģŵģ٩٩̸ģˣ
裬˵Ŀģֻһۣ㹻ȫ
ȽӨӨǺϵӭ˹ȥȴ쳯һѰƿĽ˹ȥ
ǹ͵ֶŮ
ĽһݣȻ뵽ϳСľ棬װ޹ؿڡ
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쳯ЦһǰһؾסĽ°͡
˭ôˣ͹͵Ļô䵽³ôô䣿
Ľ༱æȥ֣ȽӨӨͶӦҲææ
磬ҵѣſ϶ᡣ
쳯һѰǸ˦ЦŷſԼĽ°ͣЦŸһ·ȻޱĴսĽĶ߻ڡ
ȥ߹ͣҵš
䣬Ľͼ쳯һݺݵ˳ȥĽתͷͼСһĵذɨһ飬Ľ°ϡ
û°ɣ
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ôܻû£
쳯վԱߺߺһЦĵؿųС塣
ôİŮôˣܰô㲻һӶѣкڣʲô				

143ʵ

⻰κһƶƫƫǳС塣
ޱؿ쳯
츱ܣ˵ʲô˼
ӣ治֪װԼ֪ũ
˵һ룬쳯Ȼס˿ڣЦһ
ڸڿҪԲһ治ˣҾ˵һӣһ۲۵СҶָͷ֡
СԼũȻźܵİ۶䳰ȷԾⷬҲûзϣĽֱըˡ
츱ܣǰɣȻôأָܰ˾˸ˣֻǲ֪ôͰ
쳯ֱӱĿĽ࣬ǵͷ
ãȻǾڿӵĻŴʱ䲻磬һ¶ǣ
Ѿ˸ˣȻñ˺úõء
쳯֮ƨˣɿҪĽ࣬ʶСȽӨӨ
Ľ࣬Ȼұ磬Ѿûˣ˵Ȼܳʱ䶼ȥˣҲ֪ΪʲôλǱһһ㣬ǣܱܲ
Ľһʣûո˵Щеûģֻ˸ڣųС¥¥һɥʧĵȽӨӨüͷĶ
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뵽ЩȲҪؼҸĸһ飬ȽӨӨô˵Ҳû˼ֵ˼Ҫؼĸף˵˵ñ粻ҪұͲ̫á
¥ϡ
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С岻ҪĽ˵ЩҲɵģϾŮֻһСֻĶ䣬ʵͷȥֻӽ͡
ԭ쳯Ժ֮û¶ģһ顣ǰһ裬СسסĲãϾ֮ǰĽĶȴֳټ˵쳯Ҫһ飬˴̼
쳯ԷֱӾܾСһף֮ǰ쳯дԼ˳һת쳯ֻ˵Ҫ֮ǰ֮˽ˡ
쳯ȻǸ֣Щ飬Ҳ뵽ԼСռʱ⣬ԼСԼϳ棬Ҳȥˡ˺ȶˣȻСΪ֮£֮䷢˹ϵ
Щ飬һжСһ˵ϲ쳯һԼ年Լͣؼ棬棬ټ档ڣС껳ˣ֮һʱС쳯ʲôˡ
˵Ľɫڱˡ
ǡ
СЦһǶСΪС
ʵʡԼһС쳯飬ΪС껳쳯ĺӣҲҶֻűӺúõšֻǣСָɴ䣬߱ȫҽԺҲûκá
ĽЦ
飬ںĻ пܣҽˮƽͲС
۾Ȼ뵽һ취
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Ľ࣬Ҿ㣬㲻ܲ֡㻹ֻһӣԼῴŰġǧǧǧҪˣ
Ľ࿴Сı飬ſЦһ
ôô쿪ѧˣææأ
Сźݺݵһֻٻе㲻ĵһ·Ľ໤ͻؼңȥеҹͺúõ̸һ¡
Ľļͷֹ඼ˣÿͶԼԼϸҲҪš
˵ô쳯ɥĲ񣬿ҲҴ֮ͥ¶ʲôɣ
תۣĽЦЦ
ҲûйϵҪȥ޻ޱĲҪϰĻ͸ҽһ˰ɣ
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Ľںݺݵһȥ棬Լһ¡
ϻݺĹ֣ϴŴǵĴŲ·뿪˼
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Լڵȵˣ
Сĸף
ĶϵĹֻжԶҪȥҶӣЩؼҵ˶˵Ҷ汻ˣûԵģûġҶôôడ
ĸԣǰõĸˣһȻĺøС
ɲڼô
ɱС꣬һֻİ۶ǣܸĸܵܵܣ֪ոճʱ򣬾Ӧð				

144

ĸѡ㡱˼棬ѯʡ㡱ӷ顣
һʮ߰ĺӣ֪ʲôһ棬Ҳȥˣǰ˼ҵԴһҾ˵ɵġôɵأСʱɹˣһֻ϶᲻òġ
Ľ˵ţԼԼôһӣԱߵĸ
֣ĸ׵УԼҵĺӵȻõģԵģģĸ뵽ԴСʱӣҲͷ
˭˵أҼǸӣҲһʱ嶯ˣûôҶӲĵģӲҪҶ꣬ô˰
ĸ˵ţҲؿˡ
ϸˡһ໴ޡ
֮Ľ۾£ӴӵŹȾҪš
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ĽΡΡشԼóһŸɱıӣҡҡͷ
ˣһһأҪȥҶӣҸ͵Ǯ͵ƱҲ
ִӿڴóżëֵǮбһƱᡣ
ĸԼҡ㡱֪뵽ԼҶӡ
˼ҺϵĹֶᱻ۸أ
Уȥƣ
ĸҹʰȥ˳档
ɫѺڣһֱȵڶżԴ
Դ裬Ȼ໿Ҫĸ˰Լųȥ
ӿޣĸȻΪԴڼҲ۸ˣڼǲǳԲãǲǴůǲ챻۸
Щʱһ⣬ҪʲôԷһΡ
ЩⶼѡĻͺףǿáǷ񡱻ش⣬ײ١
ԴһԵģĸһʣһ㶣ȻϵͷӲ˼۾۾ͨظĸʹԼڼ⵽ô˵ĶԴ
ôô
ĸǿģߵġûؼңȥŮǱ֪СѾȥ浱̫̫ˣĸȥ棬 Ҽ˴ŶӣѳԵĻŮ
СûĸףҲͦˣû뵽ĸֱӸһơ
ҪǶ̫ңŮȴôܲ
С걻ĸ״ˣҪŭͱĸָű
СĲ֪ȥ飬ʱԼ˳ЦҲҪĸףԹڼǱеϢţܾա
һֵֺĶ
Щʱһˣܺһˣ֪ȥϢԺͺһ˲Ϳʧ뵽ĶǶԷĺá

ԸȻϲӣƽĶۣСҲʱ˹ʣСԵģҲͷĺóԵģҲûٹһڰڡ
ֻǺС쳯֮ԸſʼתԼ뷨ʼΪ㡣
С룬ΪԴ㣬ҲΪԼѾô˲ˣԲŶСرעɣ
ĸŮ˵ΪŮɲҪæʧǵˡ
ֻ֪ϳԷʱС𵶵ظ˱ʾҪǰܸܵȳ
ܣΣ
쳯С꣬޲ɱ
ϧԼ£СֻԼĺӣĸ׻ʲôܶ
һˣҪԴһǧһ⡣
ƾʲô
СЦеصͷָķԼСϡ
ҲаžͲţӡ
쳯ЦһС˼֪ҪǣȻ˳Ӽ̳ҵĲƲôһŮ˶ѣΪкӣһ
ߣҪӶֵĻҲĹˣңûӣΪһŹ㣿
쳯ԼʹޣСβ֪
쳯ĺ˿١
ԼȣԼܾܵ˳Ͱۣƽľ
С꿴һ쳯츸ĸϣЦС
İĹ⣬ôŪϾô㣬ô
һ˵쳯ֻŻ
쳯ЦһҪ˵Ǳ츸סָ
츸üСꡣ
Ҫ
˵ˣ ҪҵܴܵӼȻĻȻŪǣһˡȻҸ˱ȽѣһϹȳӻһҲϱĴеġ
СѲһȦЦøӲ⡣
ֻǣ֪ҵʱ᲻Ŷ쳯룬δӻŮܻ˽аְ֣գϲô				

145·ҲǸ̫

쳯ھͺ޲ҧС꣬ȴ츸ĸݺݵİ
ĸ츸һۣЦſڣ˽֡
ǸﰡǷܵܳѣôС飬ȥ졣Ŷһ飬Ȼôˣ ŲȥǼһ£
Ǽ֮󣬺ӾԼӣ˭ߡ
СֲɵȻͬ⣬Цеҡҡͷ
ŶȥǼǣ˼ôҰһͲزסȻ˵츱ܳûˣʱȥˣɲҵܵˣ
˵ɫݺһ䣬û뵽С꾹Ȼôݡ
С꿴˶˵̵غһڼ̾Ϣһ
סô죬ĸûչˡҪ뿪ˡ
ĸ󾪡
ҪȥĶô
Ҽңں޲ɱңôһؼңȻȥϰ࣬׬Ǯ裬ܸǮɣ
Сӵ֮󣬺óԺúȺź򣬵ǾûǮ
ԼνϾԼкӣ쳯Ժ󶼲˵ˣӿҵĶ磬ʲô
ĸ׽ٸı⡣
²˼ԼҲù˼ĸס
ǶԼܻ֣ǶԼˣûôѺˡ
ĸ̾ϢϻҪЦذοСꡣ
·ݴˣﶼ㡣ҸǮͻؼҺòãҪڼסĻҲǿԵġ
ͲСԼһֱסأ
ôҵܵأ
˵츸
ܵܵ飬Ҹȥ졣
Сصͷͷ쳯Լȥ
쳯ôԸ⣿ְĸ׵ĻֻҧӦ
츸µĶúܣڶԴʹ汻ͷųֻ˺ӵ鲻Դģֻ˺ܴһǮŰ쵽
СԴؼңȻĸĨĸл
ȥСϵģнӵԴϢĳС塣
ҽԺҵĽࡣ
Ľ࣬ʵңʲô
ңûʲô
һ̫̫֮ȥĸ֮⣬Ľʲôûġ
ûĻԴôᱻȻͷţСѾĸǶϾ˹ϵΪʲôֺȻˣ
˾ιǹʦģ
ĽҲ˵ԼʲôСЩ飬Ͷֶ֮ǡ쳯Ҫҹ鷳ҲΪԼлûйԴȻһ
Դֲ󲽵õС꣬
ңԴ֮ǰ͸ֱӳ쳯ͱһӣҲһģǰԴ쳯е㣬Сǿļӳ֣˿ܶϸ൱
ǣֻҪɽۻС
Ľ뵽ģСҲ뵽ԾԽ϶Ľġ
޶żڴԴʱ򣬹Ҳ뵽Ľ࣬ԺͳСһǰŸϵҽԺ
ðɣ˶Ϊģǰɣȷģ룬õĽ취
ܱʲôɵ쳯鷳ĺá
С͹Ͷһۣ˵ı鶼̫Ծ
ôʲôҲ֪ģֻǹҵģ
С̾Ϣһ
ûУ
Ľļ
㻹ֻһѧһӣҪľǺúѧϰ齻ǣô
һһͣĽҲӦ¹˾Ѿ˴㣬Լƻʲô顣
ҲûʣֱӴصͷ
С͹ȷĽ಻֮뿪ҽԺ
ֻǣǲ֪ǣ뿪֮ҽԺĳսǴһ˵ӰٿȻʧ
Դĸױͷʹޣֻתͷ쳯ʱ۵ǳͼЦ¿ԼҴҲǵơ
ǣûС֤ʣԼҲôҡ
ϧ㵱ѡ˷ͽԼٻּʵذȳʲôô
ǣһǵһǵڼʲôûѧѧ̲
װû¶һڼ˷ȻĸҪǮȥ˳һԼЩѣȻһٷ֮һƶ˱Ƚļƻ쳯ؼҵ·ϣ쳯ݺݵشһ١
ڶСӵϢһĮԼѾҵĺӣ쳯ڲںûʲôϵң쳯ˣĺô
С޶ԣԴﲻԾ
㣬ҽסԺˣѵȥô
Сҡͷ
ΪʲôȥĻȫҲֵӡңûϵֻҪӾˡ
Դ
ʲô˼㲻һֱҪ޸ôͷȢ˱ô죿
ȢȢҲһ̫࣬ȢȢҶν
̫ࣿ
ԴӦʱ۾һ				

146Ȱ

Ȱ
쳯̫鲻֪Ϊʲôֶߣϡ
ǸҪļͥÿʶĲʶ˵ʺѯʣ
ǣȥСŶӵСҲҥԣԲơ
С꣬񻹲òűȥˣڲûΪ˶ӣΪ棬òô
Сôģο߻һʺһԴ
ǣǸǮǱ֤ԴŹô󸹱СȥҽԺ쳯
쳯޲ŪС꣬ҲԼ
ԴģԶǺüԡС֮ǰһֱʹ쳯ԴԼҸԼһʹ졣
һֱΪܵվԼߵģû뵽ǣ츸ĸҽԺʱԴ͵͵ȥңֵǮĶ͵ˡ
˻ؼֱ֮ӱ֮Ŀ˵Դ͵͵뿪ΪСĵܵܣҲûж룬СһμֱҪ
ϾһֱãԼֻҪӣҵĶԼģȻԼģҲǵܵܵģ͵ԼҶ뵽֮ܵǰ͵üǮͶӣҲˣҶ
Ǻܿ죬Դٴ͵ֻֻ˰ꡣ
ĸ棬С겢ûдӦԺذĸȰ˵뿪˶Ѿһ£Сÿ
ȣǾǲóš
쳯ԺСӣ˷ңС꿴ʹԼ͸һʼĥСꡣ
츸ĸҲֻûп ̫ʹˣˣҲֻ֧֡ĸǧһСĺӳʲô飬쳯ͷӦ
ʱһȥ쳯ոճţͱסȥ·
ͬ־ġ
쳯üͷҪ뿪Էڡ
飬ǹĽ͹͵ġ
ĽеϤǹ͵μģַһϻνĽ྿ʲôˡ
Ľ齻ͺ˾˽֮󣬵ʲô˵ʲôʣǲ֪
һϸոտѧѾ˿αʼʦϿΡ
ֻǹͣһʱ飬ֻ˵ȥˣʲôĽ²ŴŲǽ쳯飬ȥͶ̸ˡ
Щȥȷܶ࣬ȴ̸٣ûζ
Լ̫æˣûôֻ죬ȻԼȥԷӦԼǰٷȴԵĲô졣
ԵĲʱ򣬶ԼҸĸ׿°Լ˳
ͣ˵ҵ쳯֮еڣ
ҡҡͷ
ûС
ԼԴģ쳯޹أ쳯κԼ˳
źĽ࣬ԼҲܺ档
ֻǲ˺þã û鵽ѡ
ûУܣϴ̳ʱǸ쳯Ľ˵顣֮ͣǰһֱϿ֪ܲңȻںͺĶʧˣձǺ׵ģܲҰְֵĻȥңǵǸòã
׶ϲͣڶθûпڵʱ򣬾ѾǵĴȫ˵˳
üͷϵıѿ֮
ʲôҪȥ
ͱ鲻ƣ䣬θùʢֲأ֪ôҲô
ͣ㻹ᣬԲ֪ЭжҪҳԵαԵķ࣬Բдġ֪˱ȽҲ֪ͺ
ϵȽϺã׺մȨǶҪҪǣû취ԸпܶԸ㡣
Ͷࡣ
ֱޱؿǣͷ
ллǸ˵ЩǶԲһ£ˡ
ЩżĿ˸ĸһۣǸû˼ֻԼ׷˳ȥ
ͣͣ㲻ҪҰҲΪá֪֪һôĽ
͵ͷ
֪µ岻ռλӻ˸ץˣҺΪҪԱҡβ㻹Ŀˣ
ˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴؿڡ
˵Ľȥҫ£
۵׷ɿػһĨ֮ɫɰͰ͵سǡ
ңҲûҫֻʵʵ˵ѣǲŵġ˵Щ飬㻹˵ô
һ㶣뵽Լڶμ˵ĹĽ飬˰ҡͷ
ңˣ
˵ЩҪ֪Ľ˵һۣû뵽ȴ˶ҫʱûá
תͷٿȻһɲĥͷ
Ǿǣ֮Լĺûˡ
ԣ˵˹ȥֱӱס˹͵ʣԼݺݵȥȻԼһֱ
׼ĵӰƱ˹͵档
ԲҸǸҸ㱣֤´ҲˣҸĽ׼ĵӰƱȥɣ
Ĳҩҽ֪ĽùͿأĽ֡				

147ҹŻ

ҹŻ
ޱذԼָ⿪ؿĶȻԼеĵӰƱС
ҵֶŮŵӰƱܴ򷢵ġ
ͷҲصؿг뿪˶μң𾪣ίؼ֮űӣۡһ
ôˣû°ɣ
ĸȥοȴԼŮݺݵʹһͨǰѸոշһ˵һ飬֮˵ǵĻԼ͹Ҳֵⷬ档
θͶĸȷϲ⺢ӵģ̤ʵŬڷܣ룬ϸɣֻΨһһ㣬Ľ࣬еά̫ˡ
ĸ룬öȥĽú̸̸
룬ͲԭԼĻ
Ľ֮⣬Լ治֪Ҫȥ˭ȽϺá
ǣڶ죬ĸ׸Լ׼߲ˣ͸ȥռҡ
Ľûڼңմ󺣽ס˶˵Ҫ
һʱ䣬ļǵģ˼ˮݣﻹ˵ϳԷĽڵѧУ֮󣬼Ҵҵ˹ȥ
ֻǣû뵽ǣĽ࣬һгŮ
ν㣬ôˣ㲻˵ôô˵ˣ
ֱ㶵ؿԼĽ۾һת֪ԷΪҲû˵ƣЩ˵滷СΪӪϰˣܺ˲һ
ĽడոǸС
Ŷͬѧ
Ľ赭д˵һ֮ת˻⡣
ν㣬㾿ʲô鰡һҪȥҽԺһˡ
ŶûʵҲûʲô飬һᣬһѡ֮ǰ˵˼䲻̫ĻںˣҲ֪Ҫβ㣬ֻˣ

ĽЩؿŶ
ˣֵģȴˡ
Щ죬ŤŤذĽ˵һ飬˵˵ţ־Լίֱ׳
ǹӲǸû취кû취Ըͣ˵˼ھôԸأ
ĽöԷԹ͵άǺõģЩ鲻ʺϹ͡
ùһ˱ϥȥһϵ
ôã˵ǵ˵˵ǸôӦ
˶ûģ
Ľ룬Ǵ򷢶Ȼؼң úȰ˵һ¹͡
ֻǣĽಢû뵽ǣûмͣѾ¶
մ󺣿֮󣬹;°ԼңϹȥѧڹ˼סҲį
Ľ࿪ѧҽԺʵϰȻûʱ֮ǰһЩʱҲȥ˼ס
ʮµѾЩ΢ĽոոհԼ֮ǰȥ˼ңҹȻĽ
ʧˣʧˣ
Ľҹ뾪ѣ͸оһȼ尾͸һĻܵĳҴ

ɫһףæ·´ëʪԼ棬ְˮˮڱϣűңüͬԼմ󺣡
үү档
մҡҡͷȥӡ
ѾСˣ¶Ҳûɶ⣬Ľ໹һӣδкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ߣ
үүùңҿԳȥģȳȥȥҿëС
Ľ಻ɷ˵Լеëմ󺣵УְѱӸմ󺣵ϣݺݵ˶ԷһѣƳš
մűַھǷסˣתͷԼûĽ࣬š
Ľʱĺ
ģ棬Ϲλ
Լû»סʦˣλס
òװλ˻棬ˡ
γһ⣬ոհΨһˮ˸ոյǴϡ
Ľ࣬
䣬ǻյ̫һˮ˻𣬸˲
Ľ˼Σͳȥ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰԼһֱ棬Ҫ̵ӿݵ۾һȥ˸ӣżϵĻװԼԴϣס˲ĻȻɿسš
Ľ˳һӵϣæ鿴
ĽûˣΪдˮĶүӣɤӱѬˣʱ˵
Щ˻ơ
ҪˮǼſ
ոմҶˣĽЩ磬ѧѵϵĻ֮ˮĻ
ˣҺݺݵһ
ֻǣڵȴЩ档
úõķôȻŻˣ
߽ţȻüͷһ塣
ôоŵһɺֵζ
ĽϢһҲŴ˹ȥȴսŵǹζʱ򣬶˵ֱתͷš
ͣ
ͣǧҪ¶				

148³


ҶûзӦ ͼĽȳ˹ȥ
մ׷˼û׷ϡ
Ӵ˴ԼˣЩܻ
ˣڻﰡȥ׷
һϵϣССܹĽɫ飬˵ʲôء
Ľ಻һеطɱţ ԭɤӶѾѬܲˣʱ򣬿ɤ۶һĵܣ˲ЩΪͼǱԽǱӯĻԽԡ
һ·ϣ˺ܶࡣ
Լ̫ԸˣԸΪû˻ᷢԼһС
ǣʵʹһ
쳯ܿ϶
϶֮ǰûڡ
ͲôĴң쳯ǵΪʲôһжѾƽϢأ
ˣ׽Ѿ̹ô
Ľ붫ʱѾ嵽˹˼ſڡ
ͬģռһΧһȦˣǴˮˮ˭ûи
ΪֲʵΪֵıȽƱռҵҪöࡣ
㣬㡭
ĽЪ˹سŹ˵֣ȴԼСȺȻͬʱס
ͷȥͼ͹СĿԼ
ĽһһԤС
ôǹô
Ѿ֪˿ܻᷢ飬Ľ໹һϣ
ӡۡһ˳ССָԼָͬ˼ҵķӡ
Ľҧҧ꣬ȥҵ͸ڵһӣ˵˵ԷѱӽԼһְ֮Լ·˺ʪ˻סԼͣһװԼĿڴ档
ãҪȥȴ˽ץס˸첲
Ľ࣬㲻ܽȥ
ǰϴһҪȥġ
̫ˣȥĻ˵Ǿ͡
Ľ˽ָ뵽˺þöû뵽ĳԼԺԭǰʮһݼ䣬棬;Ǽǻġ
޷Ӳܡ
ϵ׷˹ĽҪȥæס˵ҪԼȥ
壬֪ǺģʱѾˣʲôĻҪô죿û¾Ҫˣܲ»˰ɣ
۾ӣԼԱߵӡ
ҳʲôĻܲ鷳ȥ⹫
ܹģҲֻǴ峤⹫ˡ
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ĽصصͷؿһСܲͷһеس˻ķ档
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ĽӣԼڴĶóס˹͵ͺͱǻȻקŹߡ
ͳ˸Ľôϵö
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ͣܲ˵ѣѣһȥòã
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·ܵĽǽƵ˼ϵڻ۾
Ľ࣬ߣ
ָſڣҪĽ뿪
Ľ۾ҡͷִֵؿڡ
Ҫ
ͽԼһӶ
ԭԼġ
ѾûϣĽҧҧ
壬ҪһߣߵĻһҪߡûϵ㶼Ѿ˶ʮ꣬һᣬһҪѧһҪѧҽһҪϲ˽飬ӣҸĹһӡˣŹ㡣
ĽӣѵקŹǰ¡
ˮıӸǵϣȻס˻棬ȴص޷ɡ
ͿĽԷҧгݵŤ飬֮ŷӣȻѵأһ˹ȥ
˺òſڣȴ·
ǰ棬߸ߵżյ
Ľҧҧ꣬ս˹͵Ķߡ
壬һ 㱧ң
棬 һȥôĻͷ
ɫˢ׵Ĺͳص˵ͷ͸оһ壬Լĺ󱳱§סرӽعϣԼͻС˶˳ȥ
ãǸ̨ףһֱӹԺ档
ˣҿˣϴĽ࣬ǿ
棬ݺ˷ܡ
Ľද˶ָľģûˣ
תͷԼı۾Ļ磬䴽ǡ
ϱûмˣûˣûаˣҲǹأⱲӣȻ̶һ꣬һģôˣҲֵ
				

149¾


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뵽Ľ͵ЩԼϱ·ĻֻʹԼһͨһҧһͰʪԼȫȻģĽģסԼͺͱӣɿسԺ档
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ڶ죬ʱ򣬿Χˢˢķ
ֱӣԱ߿С˶ݺ
ôҽԺûô
˵˻ƣȻ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
ϴ˰㶼Ѿ˯ˣȻûǡ
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ոնԹ͵ĵĴʱѾȥһ룬Ϊ֤Լ뷨 ҲҴҵظȥ
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Ľ๴ǣЦŻ˻Լе顣
Ϊϲ鰡
һֱԼٳٲڣ⡣
壬ʱҲû㻳汧ŵľʲôʱͰĺӸˣ û¶ɣ
ʵ˵֮е
ܵģ汧ŵĺװŵĺϹһλܾʹˡ
ҡҡͷ˻Ƶ
Ҫ
ǰȣЩʵĲֵһᡣ
ɵʱһذͳȥ֮һһҪȥȡ
һЩѣȫû뵽ԼȻȥûܳĽԼһڻ𺣡
ſڵĶܻ֪ʲôһԼ´࣬һϲûϵ
˹ַڹ͵ļϣЦеؿڡ
Ľ࣬ԭ˹Ͱлл㣬Ժʲô飬ֻҪҺ͹͵ĻǾϵɽ͹Ҳһæġ				

150ů

Ľû뵽ȻܹҲڿܵ״̬
ң൱ʶȤشߴٹͺͶ뿪ԼۣҪϢˡ
ޱشŶ뿪
Ȼ֪Ľʲô˼мʱ򣬰¶ԺһĽá
ɸոճ˲ţһϲͱ
ҲˣҪϢȻȥɣչˣҪչˡ
ɫһףüͷؿŹ͡
ôˣǲ˵ʲôˣʲôˣ ˵ʲôʲô飬Ը˵ҶԸġ
ҡҡͷĬתͷԼĲ档
ݺһεĳǡ
ǸС㣬뿪ɣϾڴҶʵڲչҲԹϴ ոƻû̸˵أ
ҽɣǻسǵ·ԽԽ
Լ˵֮󣬶˵ٹôǵһСϿȴԼڳɫ
Ϊ˭Լϲô
ȥ֮󣬶ڼ淢˺ôһͨƢڶĸѯʵʱͷβ˵һ飬ԽԽԼί
ĸ֡
ίίʲôΪʲô֮ǰһֱϲǸĽ࣬ǸﻹͦõġĻ㶼ҳȥ𳡰ɣ
ҧҧ꣬Ȼ飬ǹŲӱʾԼԵġ
һ֪㣿Ǹݺ˭˵ûڹƻûдӻƽô̸˵ ԺԴĽҪһ㣬룬Ź͵Ҫһ㡣
ǰ໥ֵļ˹ϵ֮˵Ĺϵ˱仯
Ľ಻ǹ͵ŮǴŶݵˡ
μҷͲ֪ڶ뿪֮󣬽ݺ绰гСһˡ
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ݺսս뿪˲˽һηǳ̸
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ٴںͬ¹̽һõĳԵġ
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Ľడú룬ƽû˭ȻҲյ̫ĪˣһֻҡûбҪĻæ
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С˵Ҳû͹͹ϵðԼŮ˶ˣֱȥ˸ڲӴ˲ɣ
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棬װźǸСһĶ
Ľ䴽ǣȻͷϱͺһ飬ֹסԼĺ顣
κθ鶼ҪӪġ
ԼԺ֮ǰԼʵϰʦܣƽպϵĻʿǺͬѧҲˣһҽԺͲ˵ĴͽܣԼ·үүӽסĹ͵С顣
һеһУֵм
Щ֮󣬳һġ
ڲϵĽ࣬ͳ˳۾һ죬ûֱӿ޳
⹫ţǸﰡû¶һС˶ѡûһСˣʧľһ
Ľһۡ
úúãǣǲǶãԼʹ󵽶ˣ
˳мк䣬˳ԼϰĻ˵
˵ûʮ壬㻹ûǿ󵽿һеĵزԺӦ⹫ţҪգ֪ô
ĽЦеصͷΪ˻Ľ˼漸˾ˣֻ˵ıЩ֡
ĽҲûж룬ΪԼǸ¶ˡ
ֻǣеģҪصöࡣ
ռҺ͹˼ŻͬһϣԶڴĳҲ˻
ΪʱںʱڣԴܵıȽϸڻոʱ򣬾ͱ˷֣Ȼ󼯺ȫ֮ûþͱˡ
С֮ǰ֪ԴԼȥһ˳棬˵Լ뷨֮󣬳С˵˹˼ҺռҶ˵顣
˳ʳС֪ʲô飬СŰĽ൱˵һ顣
˳ǾĽĴϻֵۣ֮ģʵ̫СһεĻǻĽ࣬˴鲻ܸĽ˵ԵĽ໹ڹ
⹫ŶֵֹģҲû롣				

151

СŶӻȥ˳棬ڼë쳯ΪȤΪ˿ԷҪŪԼֲҶֵӡ
ֻ쳯Щ֣ÿЦеسȥЦеػԼƣûз棬һϳ극֮ԴڳҸ
³Ϊ
С굱Ȼ쳯ôãȻҪԼˡ
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ƣôţƵ쳯ҪԼ
ԣ쳯£Ҫڳҹ֮ԴӦ
С֪֮󣬺Դһܣֱ˵쳯ûġ
ԴѾ쳯֪С˵飬ȴСܾˣԼ˽Сǹġ
֪ǹⲻҪҳͷǰɣ㵣һú֮󣬿ܻƿءߣΪһ֮ǰǸҽңԶҺõɵСô
С겻ŵĿԼǧټƲӼĵܵܣԼһƬιˡ
⻹ûꡣ
ĸ֪֮ Сú̸һ£ﻰⶼҪС갲һ㣬ҪԴϽұʾԴԺúõĻһСõģΪСġ
Դ͸ҶԼС겻ԴԺԼͺӺãԱӦǰǧټƵԴ
쳯СΪǵֹһƲ֮ҪԴ͸¶С飬˵֮վС˵ΪСǸ
ҲҪԹ㣬ڻˣ ЩԿơ㲻ˣԴңϾҲһ
쳯ǸǮǸԴôԹ쳯԰һеһжСͷϡ
Դڹ繤ҵ֧֣ελӣȻʼƮ͵ÿҪ˵ԹֻǴҸŭԣҿڡ
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СЦûб˷̵ѿ
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쳯ŭ
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˿ӣҲ֤ˣЦһһ䡰ơ֮󣬿첽뿪
С۾쳯ʲôֶأԴҪ
⣬Լ
ӦҪԴɣϾԼˣԸԴô˳˳ˮ
һԵĽСŪûˣ֮ǰŮ˵ĻҲʹգô⣿
Сһ
ҪʲôҶ㡣
ֻҪ뵽񻹴ñӵĽ࣬ͺ޲һ쳯
֪УǷᣬöԷİ취¡
С͹ɿؼ֮һҽԺ˹ȥ
ĽѾҽԺһˡ
ҽԺʵϰûйʣԼҽԺѸṩҽϢңƣϾʱҲҽԺʵϰ
ĽſдʲôСǹæеıӣЦеس֡
ˣ ָҴʲôԵˣ ҽԺȥ᲻ᱻιĸ֣
ӹ˹Ķ
ⶼڻеʳĴͽרŸķϽࡣ
ͽܵһТģĽҲͶұÿ֮ùͰԼ˵ۺͽдȥһȥ֮ǰΪʳý̵ʱӡ
ֵãֵÿ
ͺΥĵؿڡ
ĽЩؿ˹һۣ뵽ԭǷݼ󳤳ɵģݺݵش˸飬ʾԼл
Ǹڱݻ˵ǲ鵽˶٣				

152

Ľٶǵ˼ҪԼЩ飬ԼһֱҽԺҲһ¶
ֲҵĻԼȥ飿ʱʲôƻĻҪҡ
Ľ˵Ҳݵġ
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ðɣ ҿԱ֤Լ֣ʲôԼ쳯ʲô飬һҪңô
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չĽ࣬Զû¶Ľϵıӡ
СּӳޱķǰĶ
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˵ռҸݶĽ˶٣˼նڸĽأ
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壬ʲôھԼϲ鰡
ĽͣŹһ۵ģЩЦ
壬ͻСȻҪԼСʱ򣬶ѧϰһ㶫ΪԺԺʲôӣȡʲô顣ҲҪȵûа취׷ϵķչŲʱȥҵûкúѧϰûкúʱ䡣
Ľ˵ʲô׷ᷢչŲĻĽ໰е˼getˡ
뵱ԼʱȥˣַھӵĻʼԼºۼþԼȫҿˣԵĽģø׺ĸĹҲʹޣˡ
ԴӼĽ֮ʼĬĬѧϰһغǣ⻹ԶԶŬҲϲǰСĳɳٶȣҪŬС
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ĽȻؿŷɿ뿪ĹͣЩĪԭҪʹͣڶأϾѾþûˡ
ĽþûжϢˣԼҲþûйϢˡ
Ҳûȥҹͣͼ汻ˣǮס˻еסԼûһֱ棬ڼˡ
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θĸĺܺãûˣǰһѹͣͻһݸмǺͶ˵ǮǷӣԺֻҪ˽˻飬ⷿӻǸԼҹŮסģҲûɶ
ޱҡҡͷ
Բ𣬲Ҫ
֮ǰȻͬķӦöʵؽסҪǰߵĹ͡
ǲǲҪҴˣҲף֮ǰǺúõôΪʲôȻͱˣҵ⣬ʱ⣬ֻǣĽ⣿				

153½

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ᵽĽ࣬͵ıٿȻһ䡣
֮ǰҪ˼һ¶棬䴦ĻǣĽ࣬Ҳ̲סˡ
ޱһŶ˹ͷŮΪŭǺ
飬ǣ㣬ǣңǣĽࡣҪ֪ԭĻԻȥĸĸסǾмŮҪˣ ңҼǵ֮ǰ˵ҺұȲңһֻ϶Ҫ򵥣ôҸˣ
غ˼ŵĿŹʹ뿪ıӰ
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ĸЦһ
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һɬĿŹͣΪĽѾ˵˹ͣû뵽Ͳܾ˶ĸ飬
ұʾҪǺú̸̸
θĸһۣ˱飬ΪҪ˵飬û뵽ͷֱ˵ҪͶ֡				

154°ά

ԭһϲɬصŹ͸Լأû뵽ȻҪ˵֡
ڡһ´ɳָһѶ
ôණΪ˺ҷֵģ
͵ͷȻְԼڴһǮƱӷϣŶμһڵͷ
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Ųһɿ׷˳ȥ
֮ͣǰǲǻúõôôˣǼ鲻Ѿô
سס˹ͣȴس˸첲
ͬ־Ѿûйϵˣ㲻Ҫġܶ˱ҪãԼ䲻㣬ΪãǲҪ˷ʱˡ
θĸ׷ͼԼҹŮ޵ĸһһ
ǴСıܼԼұûسű
ԶθҪĸŮ˻ȥԼѸոչóǮ˹͵档
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˵أֵܺŮĻôܾˣȴԭ˼ҳ˹ã߰ҲǸˡ
С廰һ䣬ɹԱ۾ɿ˸£ѻˣȴԼĵס				

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θԼܲ˳ӲǸŸ岻Уһڿʱ򱻽Ρ
Լ飬ӦΪԼóʱûи˾úý顱ˣһ°ؼ֮󣬴ӼһЩԼصĺþƺ̣һȥ˾棬 ԻúõظԷһһ¸顣
ƫƫȾƵ;ҲŰݷá
ǱˣþĽ˾ˣС塣
θ֮ǰŰԼҹŮܸСţ˹ͣôˡ
ټС壬ϣһԷʱ˳Сڻ֮顣
СЦЦ
ûл䣬ȻҪԼĸ׵Ļ
ǶСҲظͷô
θɫ΢䣬ȥģ룬ֺڡ
ԭҪάŮ˵Լԧ죬Ů͹ͷֿģˣĻ֪˶ΪԼŮϲͣԺ˵׸ϼѡ
θЦһѹ͹˵ֵ˵һ飬ҡҡͷ
ʵҲǹɢϢȥģǣҪΪŮǰɣ
ŮûǹأҾ׵ĻѾز˰ɣվϣҾǶԵģվڹ͵ϣ־̫ˣ
θҪĿһԼ̫ݶӡǿΪԼ⡣
е֣ǹ͵һˣҲûʲôʧô
θû˵꣬Լ˾ɫذһͷȾ
ЩԾͲˣ˼뿪ɣ
θͳС˳ȥ
θһãұҲЩ΢ѿǳСȴɺ֮ǰһЦǺǵģ·𱻸ϳûһ
ͬ־Һң֮ǰҲ飬ˣ
ųС뿪θǾԼ֮ǰû
⺢ӣǫѷ񣬱Ǹͺǧ򱶣ֻ󣬿΢ǶЩ˹
֪ԼСһ
ĽӹͿ˵ʱ򣬿Цá
ʲôˣֵΪҴ󶯸ɸꣿһ仰¶
һתĿڹ͵ϣسǡ
ȻҲͦˬθ˵ģԣôˣԺˣ֪ô
Цŵͷ
Ľͷ룬ҲúЦ
һŵģֽģϢͨĶθôûкúôһԼ˾ıôױ˾ˣʵе㲻Ӧá
Сʳʱ򣬳СЦһ
Щ˾ôΪǣԼһʲôˣ;öԷҲһʲôˡ֪˾ʱҲ͹һ
飬ֻϧ˼ҵȴúõҹ顣
ĽԣֻĬĬ̾Էʵ̫ڴ⣬ڣӶ˰ɣ
θֹǳӶˣνǺڵ޲ͷء
ΪʲôҪ˵أ
˵Լԧ鱻ֵȥѵһͨ˵СһǰҲԶˡ
ǣǧ֪
Ƕ֪֮󣬻Թ˸һѣϾԼЩСÿе֪˷ֵĻԷɱȹͿɶˣһʱ֮䣬ڹ͵ԹҲһ롣
þθĺ֢ˡ
θĸҪ˸ԼҹŮܶ˼ҵǺܸ˵شӦһô
˵εҽίľܾˡ
һʱ֮䣬ԭ˶ȽϿõĶμŮȻ˲гðײˣʽˡ
ЩĽûȥעȻҲû˹
Ϊе˼ϣһǵżٵͬѧ̸ǩԼ飬һ飬ԼҷӺ͹˼ҷ´⡣
ǵģûһ£´
Ͷû˵ϾĽ˵ʲôʲôմ󺣾һΡ١ЩˣҪھڡ
ÿڼ˼ҺֽӣȻ͹Сһ֣Ҫ̫á
Ľ໨˺ü컭ͼַֽǰСסլʽԺһ㣬ȫΧȻڵˮůܵ˫
ůǽ
֪Ŀǰ۹ƻܸߣΪԺס֡
ͼֽ˹ͣٵͬµվӵ˴ӵ۶Ķͯࡣ
Сȥȥ۶֮󣬾һֱ˵Ľ֣ǵȴûж룬ֻСͦ˼СС;ͻҽˣȴû뵽ȻһԼܺĽϽ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ׼Ľ֮С컹ǳһ
ǣᣡ				

156ղ

ղ
һֱźҲһ˵ģѹҴҵعȥס
֮ǰһֱͬ־һֱ֪Ͳȴ룬ȻһСͬ־ҲǣҲͣ˵СŻдֻĹ£Ҹõֵʱ򣬿ɰһ޲ſꡣ
СЦеسĽ֣ûΪĽС˼һٶʱĽ಻ٺøС
ãĽֱ࣬ӽĽġǹ¶Ҵطģ棬ġ
СȻؿһۺѣЩȡ
Сﻹǫúܣͣˣһôǫѷ˲ȶѡ
ٵسźѼ۾е
Լſ˾һĽ࣬һźѣҪȥԷ
ȥҳԷôһΪĵһҳһµصʳأȴԭԽԽСˣǴǮűأ
Цеصͷ
űҪܵģǷҲҪԵģң׼ĶҸҰƱóԵġ
СͣǺţϾǱ༭ϴزɼزģʱŶȥɷ磬ʲôĺóԵûԹ
ȵ˺ңĽһС첲˳ֱӵԲ۾
˵˼Сæѹե˼ôĽ࣬СӼҼҵʲôǲҳԷˣ̴¹ӡ
С֮ǰ˵ĽһϢ;ͿʼдͶ岹õĺӣҲ
֪̫ãҲİĽһ»ʳ
ĽҪ˵ķűÿ
СʦСʦҪĶ֮ǰѾ˸ϴкˡ
°ԼСͽرһѶڼСٵʱͷǴкǾĿ⻹ǷĽϡ
Сʦ˵֮ǰʦ翪СţҲ˱˰
Ľڼ߲˵ʳ̶ȣԵǺؿ°
ԣ
ٺ٣Сʦһ³ĻܲԱ߸֣ǰ
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㲻Ҫȥ¹ôĽֵ˾ʳĳʦ
ԣĽǡ
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СԼһµǮ󲿷ֶڳԺʹˣ񿴵Ľ࣬۾
УҪȥƣ
֪һһ
ʱĽ֮ǰڻվȫһ
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Ҳû˵Ľ࣬ŵر뿪ټֹ
԰֮ǰ˵ĽΪڴϰô
ᵽü䣬ǳǳûȥ˼ʱĽǺ;ġ
ԼĽʶҩסռһӵ˵һ飬Сһ
ЩŵؿŲѾżɫ
ζȫĲˣǾԼʲôù¡
Ǽ˵Ļ˵Ϊںҡ
ٿЦ
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ٻûС죬ĽԼɷʶľȻСƻȡ
ɷ˵öԣһСŮ˵Ƕ鴫ȥ̫á
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°ЦǺǵذѷ˶һԷĻЦǺǵ뿪ģǼǮһ㡣
Ľ࣬
С쿴ϵķˣ߸ߵسĽ˴Ĵָ
Ľǫ䣬ҪǸϿ³ԷȻһ
˲óԡ
ʵѡĻĸ˻ϲССﱳһУ
п˵Ļ˭дʵȶѡ
ǰľͽѵҲĽ࣬ɽɽˮˮԼá
С첢һСطķ˱ʲô̫ϣĽٺóԣܱȵù۶Щʦ
ɳһ֮ղܡ
úóԣҲ԰
ʲôˣˬڣ
һȻζģһ㲻̵ôǣҾȻų⣡
				

157

һٷ̹뾻СŶһڨڨضĽոոõʳõˮ
ǣҲܺúȣôƣ
ɶӺóŰ
ٿЦõؿС졣
ǶٶҲܳôడĽʳĶҹϾҪȥҽ
Сεسǡ
ǸϴɣǣܲϢһ
Ҳ԰ⷹĺܺóԣһһĻ𳵲ͣô̵ס
ããǿˣôܻϴأ
ɣ
Ľȥϴ룬׻ǱС쳶ס˸첲ұǿһҪԼ
ǵĶô˼ɻţȻҳô࣬ҲˡǲԸ⣬Ҿ˰
СӶŪһ֮󣬻ٽ֡
ߣȥǼҽϾûгԷõˡ
СҲЩΣԼ֮ǰڼҲϴģû뵽ôǳԶˣòȰɣ
Ľ̸ѧΪ͵ˣԭֻһڶѣ浱õĽڶֵĸ֮ϵı
֮Сָ壬ĿⶨĿĽࡣ
ⶫԼдģ
ǣ
ûо֣֮
ûУ
СͷԼó˱༭ǰ׼õĺͬ
һݺͬƣΪˣԼǮ̫ߣɱϾٽܹģԱˣǮҲ͡
Ľ෭һ£źͬдĽüͷ΢΢
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񣬲û˽־磬༭Ͷ֮⣬ƺҲûѡ񣬱ϾǼʵһҡ
ĽüͷڣС۾֮ǰٸԼ˵顣
Уй֡
䴽ǣԼóһݺͬ
֮ǰҾ͵ܲӦ룬ָŪһݺͬǲ֪ԸԸ⡣
Ľ۾һӹͼһϺͬ
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Ǯ֮ǰǵ˲١
㲻ҪǮĲ࣬ǸȴԺ൱˹Ǳ༭ÿ¶ʺ͸Ʊġ
СָָĽոյݸԼָ塣
߲ˣɱ֮󣬻жĸ룬ҪҪԿ
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뵽ԼĽԥһ¡
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Ľŷ
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ãϳŵʱڻϰţ ڴѾ߰˸Сʱˣһ˿֮ȥܳԷ
Сζ̲סˮֱò׵ȵĽѧȲռߡ
һͱ˸סȥ·
Ӵ˵˭أԭĽడ
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Լ߻С죬ΪԼҲΪС쿼ǣϴЦһӵģŶԷȥ
Դ˵ڳϰ࣬
Ľ໹֮ǰһԼԿĻԴƻ뷽跨ȥҲ磬쳯ûǵĽݺˣҲʹ쳯ĽӡֻͣΪʳõĳʦϡ
ٿĽһģǵ⣬ǲ͵˵侯ĻĽ뿪ˡ
˶֮СɿץסĽĸ첲
Ľû󣬵ȴһڿè塣
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ĽЦЦ
̣ʲôѰûѣȫûѡ
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С컹ЩģټϿĽ汻֮ģ˹ݻ𣬾֮ǰεķǽûʲôζˡ
س֮󣬰Լ뷨٣Ҫ취Ľࡣ
룬ǰ˺
֪飬ҪæСܾˣҲûٶʣû뵽ԴȻȥϼĽ࣬ˡ
СҲû뵽ЩϾһϣȥҹ̸˵ļƻǰ				

158


ԴãõƮƮ֪Լ˭ĵز쳯ʱߺģ˿ѶԷ˿
쳯ҲһˣԴ˵ЦǺǵӦԴӲмһˡһԴһҿϺߵĸо
Сһжżϻ𣬿ɵܵˣֻܻȥȰ˵ĸס
ĸ֮ǰһֱ˿Ӻò׻ĺˣûؼҵǮƱֻи࣬û࣬˭ᵽԼҲ߸ߵĴָǰ߶һ˵ıˡ
СĻ֮üͷһ塣
С꣬˲ô˽ֻԼ
飬Ѿ˵ˣ˲ģҲΪĺӳôôֻԼأֻԼҺˣҲܲ۸֪ô
Сˡ
֪֪ʲô
裬㲻˭˵˽ˣ˽Ļһ쳯ѴųͲף쳯ˣǼˣôôĵذ
ĸСԴģû¶Ҳô
ԣСȥһˣҵԴСⷬԴ
Դûطһ۶
裬ҪС˵ǸŮ͸񾭲һĸŮ˻ԼˣѾˣѾ˷ˣ˵쳯
Ҫңǵҳˣҹұܻܵãңֲɵӣһġ
ĸӵĻҲö˵Ļû⡣
ϾСҪ쳯ҲڰŪû˰ɣ˵쳯ǺӰְأ
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ĸС⣬֮󲻹С˵ʲôᡣ
ԴҲҵ쳯̽ǲǻԼҪ
쳯ֵúֿɬ
ڲһտӵĸѣҪʲô
ûʲôô㣿мһҪæ
Դ˾
˵
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֮ǰϲģ̫ˣڶ滳ҵĺӣ²ΪԼǣҲΪҰ迼һ°ɣһʱ䶼Ѿ˲ˣ
ԴһѣҲ뵽Լ֮ǰȥҵʱԼҽӣһĸͬûдӦ
ɵڶ죬Сţƿڴһͨ˵ƨͨ˵˸Ǯ֮ĻԴҪˣȴŵ쳯סˣ˵˵Ȱ˵䡣
쳯ԽȰСԽ
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Դ飬¶İСŪߡ
죬С걻һŵԴҵ˵ĸεˣҪСԼؼҡ
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㲻Ѿ֪ĸεˣڲҽԺ棬Ҹ
ԴŴ֣εСҪǮ
Ǯأ
ⲻϰ໨ȽϴôԶˡ
ϾԼ裬вܵĵ
Сֱ׳ؿŴȥ츸ĸҪǮ֮Դңֻǣȥ֮ͱԴ廨˼棬ƾСôŭ
Դǲſ
ߺߣ쳯ĺӣҿɲġΪԼΪӣȰԹԸҺȻĻҿɲŪڶûе֡
ԴСϰ˰ŵС껨ʧɫرʾԼһϡ
ǰû˰۵ˣ쳯ĺõҪĸȥμס
ĸЩ죬Ͼܡ
쳯Цһ
Ҳ˵ôμŮڳҲû˸ȢˣǰæңֻҪ޹֮ԹԵظӣǲġ
ĸһ
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ûСֻ꣬ҺͶμŮĺӣô
츸ĸһۣЩ⡣
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ҺͶѾˣ޹ءңѡԼģǾܾˣȻԺ顣ûܾĻ
Ͳû˵ȥɳСѾ˼
ΪμΥĽĺ
С島ǣȥԼ۵׵⡣
μңϣúõġ				

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ҺãԽԽ䣬ũûɸɵһץһѣ⹫Լҵ˰æǷӣ˳֮ŷ֡
ҾȻݡ
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˳ıЩԾĽüͷȻ뵽ȥҽԺ濴ԼʱǲԾı飬ϸ顣
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ЦһԼϰǳ˳Ľཻ˵ס
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֮ǰĽ࿪ҩ·ӻǳٳû
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˭֪ϺȻʧȻҷֵıȽϼʱ˶뿪˼Ψ·Ӱ
żѯԼҴӣϴȴ˵ϱʰȻǾͼ·һİӼҴҵ˳Ϊʱ·żû£ֱӱżڵأһӵѪ
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Сˣֲ㻹ܰʲôæģڶǾʹȥˣҽ˵úú塣
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ϴңܾͲһкӵ
ĽЩھΣԼô˵ĻǲҲ۳ң۴ˣ
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ᵽЩ治֪ԼӦÿԼλ沣Ҫ
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Ļǣһ֮󣬷ǵûоԼۣڵŻᷢ˽ǮȻǷ̹֮˵˽ǮҪȥģ·˵ֻܾܲⳡˣȻȥú͵ܴܵ
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裬֪û˺鲻ãҲҵĴҸǸˣԵĻĳǮ壬ʣֻһ˵Ĵô
Ĵ˭ĴǸҩʱΪʲôʲôʱЧ֪˺ӵĻôȥʰЩңΪ㣬ôЩˣһѻ˳ҡ
Ľࣺ
Ҫô˽ͣԼҩûҲ˵˷кӵģ⻳еḶ́Ҫ˾˺ʹ֮ġϺɣԼֲܸʵ߼¼עһ춢˼ûͬɣ
⻰ǲ˵е̫ˣ
Ľɫȥګګ·Խƶ˾ĽĴ
ҪڵʱſںȻθߵߺ
·֮ǰѾϢô㲻ҪϢҲУ
Ҳȥɣ
·ɫһס
裬ҽ˵ˣҵúúС
Цһ
ⶼһˣôæææ죬û˺ӶĽɻأʲô飿ԹĽ࣬㵽ԹԼԼʲô仯Լѵ֪ô
·ֱ㶵ؿԼһĮԼı飬ֻȫµûһõģɷջصҲ˵ˣֱӵͷ˯
·λεдš·µ˶Ҳáı飬Ľҡҡͷ
ǲǾͶɣ
ǣĽ⹫˵һԼҪǷҪʹ⹫Լˡ
˵Щֱ֮ӽŵĨͣ
ɲ룬Լ˼滹иֵԼ				

160³Ϊ

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ƽŮѩȻվռҵķ棬ֻǺ֮ǰͬǣ棬㲻մ󺣵Ӱ
Ľ࣬ˣ
ĽֻҪƽѩ뵽ԼʱմڴϣƤͷʺһѵĳ Ҳ뵽Լһ涼ûԼʦ飬ûͶԷ˵Ŀбӵشǰ·
ƽ˼ǰסĽࡣ
Ľ֪࣬Լ֮ǰ鲻ԣܲԭǣôǶԣô
˳ԼԱһȦӵĽѩʾҪɵš
ѩ˫ֺʮĽݷһ˰ݣ
ָԼ͡

Ľ࣬ùҲ˵ˣ֪ˣԭɣ㲻ŵĻҸ˺òã
ƽ֮ǰˣǮָĽ֮ǰ·ȫ͸˼ңԭΪһλʮþȵģû뵽˻һһûԼ
֮һ棬ؿ˳С壬ɵشһСγжˣ
ڸƣǸСŰٻ¥Ǹģּ֮һֱĽƨɺǸ̸ͣĳ׹һΪĽࡣ
Ȼ֪Ľ྿ôʶĴһĽйأǲʵ
ؼ֮뻹ǴѩŸ

ң̬һҪ
ðǹ°ɣ
ƽԭֻһЦû뵽ĽྐྵȻӦ
һ£볣СģԼǣĲ鲻ԸسĽҲŷŭ쳣ѩ
ԭһΪǸ֮ǰһǹġû뵽㾹Ȼ涼Ҫ鶼ˣ˵գҸ
Ľడ㲻Ҫᣬһʱ䣬ǶѾϴĸ棬ˣܸܲһΣ֪֮ǰĲãҪΪֲһ¡
黹ô
ĽָָһƬ档
ǺðЩҪǷˣ
һƬҲӣԣøҪֲĻɣϾҺүүϵϣССĸɲأ
ƽ㶵˳Ľָתͷ˹ȥϵıһٱ䡣
ʹֻµظɻˣۻԵѩ
ɫĽҲǣԹԵؽңɸսţͱ档
Ǹùú͹øڴʲô⣬ѧУôȥסˣ
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ˮڣңǻԼǵǸ֮ʵĽ࣬Ǿʹشˡ
ˣܹҪġ
ƽѩĵᾪմ󺣣Ľ໹ȥݺүүһˡ
Ľ֮մ󺣺ǺǵԼӵСԴ
үүˣܲˡж︣ңͺúõǳС
˵ףȴѡ
ĽؿһүүҲûǿ
ʲôûУ˾Ҫʲô޼ƿʩ
Ľȫû뵽ƽѩξȻܹûʲôĵشϰռ档
Ľȥס޵ʱ򣬾ǶǲҪаˣ
Ľسǡ
׻˵ɽ׸ıơ
仰һ׵Ļ룬Ĳ˳ʺ
ˣΪԱˣΪˡ
ǰžĻʲôΣǸô࣬Ҫߴռҵõʲô
ɨˣĽҲû¶棬ƽѩҲûȥˣƨɻ˴һ²ĸо
Խַھӵ飬ĽֻЦЦû뵽ǣƽѩ֪ģռҶһš
طϰףӶʱ򣬼һϯúдһιɻԼʱʱĹæĽַھӡ
ΪرַھӼֹһѲˣǸһ⣬һء
ǰ֪ռҪǷӵĺҲϱû뿪С죬֣ǴĶȻַھӲһ
ĽҲȽϸԼԲٵ³
ͽܶæùԶĶ׳˲١
Է࣬ʳҲ࣬ǮҲࡣ
ƽĽ׼Ķֱۺ졣ѩư͵¼治ҶĽô
ָʹѩȥĽæԼ׼˺λӣЦе˹ȥ
ͽַǶռĿյæţ˵˵ЦЦźʳģǿúܡֻǼѩҲ˹˶һۣһ֮󣬰ŲĽϡ
Ľ࿴ֻûп³ΪǸ꣬Ǽ鼴
Ҫѩƽֻǹæģ±Ӱɣ
ѩûɹ󿴿ҿҲʲôܰæģҴֲֻ˼ŴУԶԶأԼǶС
ƽҵ˺				

161ҶҶ

͹һĽ֮ǰǿͼֽͼһİ˳Լ˹һԷԳĽĹø
ûƽתͷС͹͡
ΪʲôʶĽôʱ䣬û˵ʲôùãø֮ģ
Сüͷ˶ôϲռˣȻĽһ⣬ƫƫǼҴ˹
Ͼմ״ʣÿ̱˵ԷĻֻװʲôû
ǹͣϹȥ¼ƽǷްʲôĽɫܹεҲ磬֮ǰΪĽ̬ȣȻûɹǡ
û˵ʹҪ
ٿƽǽӲЦԼܲµʲô
λͬ־áһѾˣ㵽ɣ
ˮĴԳԺȺȣһ㶼ǹϵȽϺõģһ
ƽǿسǣǳź֡
ǰɣ֮ǰĽлæ֮йμġ
Ϊһٻ¥ľջ׻Ĳ֪ƽô˵֪ܲԷ˼С͹Ͷ㿪ڰæԼֻԾȡ
ã˹ȥ˷
ƽٴθϡ
ҵСɣǴطˣЩһ㶼һС
ƽԭǴƨģû뵽ƨûĵλȻĵϡ
͵شƽϲ
λͬ־µĻ㲻Ҫ˵˽˳ϣʺϴ¶УΪģĹͣȻҲһԱҵĺӺĺûʲôĲ㲻Ҫ˵
ץסĻǻϸߵġ
ƽһ㶣Ȼ۾ɿ
ʲô˼
˽˳ϲʺϴ£Լ̫಻ʺ˵ô
뵽ϵͷ絷⡣
õģҶҶ
˵֮ƽ̵ˣשͷһ˲䣬Լ·ǵڶС壬һȳСúá
뿪ıӰ̲סüͷո˵ʲôǸֶʲô
ĽȻˣǰտûʲôڵƽѩȻһ۶Ǳߣڿƽź߹ȥʱѾһԲҪ޵˲²⡣
ֻǣת۾ͼƽһ־뿪ǱߣЩ档
˵ʲô
ãĽȻ˺һϡѩƽŵ˽ַھӵϣմ󺣵Ӷû
ֵһǣմΣƽô˵ѩôǸø͸ûжݵ˼
Ľʾ⣬ĺŷҲһ롣
СǵһôһڴϳԷе棬ܿ죬֮ʲô棬ʲôʣȫʧֻϵķ˷˷ˡ
ߵʱ򣬻Ľ಻֡
Ľ࣬ˡ㴧ҵĿڴ߰ڵ۶Ҳйˣһȥ۶ɣ
ĻһֱԵĽķˣ
ĽЦõҡҡͷʾԼȥ۶ģǲڡ
С۾һæĽ֣׷ʲôʱ
ĽüرʾԼڻһѧȵҵ֮ȥ۶ˣ
СҲǣѧϰȽҪ
С첻֪Ľ໰˼Բûʧ̬Ǻǲһ
Ľ֮ǰи͸¶Ϣģ˵һָ߿֮飬ʱȻһڹʱȥһƺûⷽϢû롣
Ľ˵ô϶зֹ
꣬ôģ᲻ᰴĽ뷨أ
ؿһĽ࣬ӵʻȥ˳档
ƽҲﵽԼĿģڳԱִ֮ߴԼϱһˮˮЦǺǵشŻؼˡ
Ľһ춼û¶ֲ죬ƽ͵ĺӴ飬ڳС뿪ʱһ³Сȥúðæ۲һΧǧҪƽ˿ӡ
СȻЩףû뵽ڶڰٻ¥ЦǺǵƽ
ô㣿ô֪ʲô
뵽Ľ֮ǰĽСǰ
ƽȳСϲ٣һԼСٵСëԼ˵ʱûذơ
ǰٻ¥ĵط˵ʲôõŸôˣڲڣ
Сü

ƽѳСı鿴ЦЦ
ȻǺҪҹȻΪأ
ʾʵԼ׳СĲϾκһ֪Լλпܱȡ֮󣬹ƶ̫á
С׼˵ͼſں˽һ˲䣬ס				

162¶Բѳ

Բѳ
ƽҲܲ죬ҶԷڿرʾǺԼ˵Ҫģ
ϰˣٻ¥˶룬˴¥óС赹ˮ
ƽؿųСΪԼԽ϶˺һǿԼҪԼ˦С塣
Ȼ뷨õ֤ˮ֮󣬺ҪС뿪˰칫ҡ
ʵҪСζѡ
Ͼ˶ҲݣгСڣԼЩҲ˵
С֪뷨Ļƻˡ
ʲôմ״ʣûнĽԼ
ΪŦĻռǰëǮϵûС
֪ͬ־ҾҪģŶռ˵ʲôĻĻͬ־¡
ƽʱԼYYУҲûԷ˵ʲôֱͷ
££һ¡
ں׷£ƽ˵Լ⡣
ĿĿǰƽоԼˣ Ͷ䡣
˵ʲô
֪ѾԳС岻ˣİɣĻһøõġ
Цˣûм޳֮ˡ
ҪģûôҪġ
ոջأ˹ĺô
ңʲôܹȳСĺã
ôôôͳôֱƷĺûôΪٻ¥ĽѡͬƷô
ƽգգ۾ָָոճȥĳС塣
Щôǰɣ֮ǰҲһʲôᶯӶѣһڴ˲أһǿġ
ûط˸ۣҲûģֱ򿪷Ű˳ȥ
ԲֻҪСˣ̫ˣֻһˣԻɣ
ƽΪԷʶ̧١
ŭ¥ײ˸ոսŵ쳯

·۰
쳯ЦһǺƢˣʲôӶﵽԼʺˡ
Ҳ˵ֻת۽־ŶԷ·ӣȻݺһȭŶԷ˹ȥ
ƽðǣܵ˵ĸŵҪæԼĽĹø
ĺܼ򵥣ĽľϵҲһĸϵҲɣ
û뵽⻰һ䣬쳯Ȼ֣ͣĿĿΡ
˵ĽĹø
ƽĨĨԼǱ˴˵ĵطһصͷ
쳯ǺһЦ̬ͻظǸ˵ҪȥԷȾơ
¥ϣС˵Ϣ߳ʱ򣬾Ѿ˸֪ƽ쳯ˡ
Щ쳯ƽ
ǳСȴЦЦû˵ǹʺһѶѣһҲʺײһ𣬲һѸĹʺѡ
ƽ쳯ԼԷȾƣΪ쳯Ľϵǳ˵˲Ľĺû
ֻ˵Խ࣬쳯ıԽѿƽСѯʶԷôˡ
쳯ֻ˵ĽǽԼĻ¡
ƨĵϵ飬ƽֻܸɰͰ͵ЦЦʼųԷȾڵԼΡ
쳯ᵽ˳С֮󣬺ȾͷƽҧгݵرԼĽĲ˵ǰǣ˵ֻųС壬ǲơ
쳯۾ؿƽһһظ
žơ
ڶ죬ƽ֮󣬷ԼȻһİ˵Ĵϡ
ңİ˻һŮˡ
Ŷˡ
ȻڴҲѸǿڻʲô飬治ҡ
㣬˭
źȻƿ
Ļ˭Ҳǣ㲻ĻǱٵһܺߡ
ƽźȻŶ쳯ɫˢס
֪ܲԼˣˣҲҪűӼȥ
㣬ҪҸ
쳯ЦЦԱߵ¡
ż˵֮ǰ˵Ľϵ׽ŵ˭

Գ˰
˵ԼĽϵòҪ֮ϵġ
ƽ룬һ
ܵܣ
ԼҴŮͦõģĽӦҲһɣ컹ǸСƨϴ·á
쳯ٴЦˣֻϵЦÿ̲ס˸ͻ
ôҪ͸ĵܵйء
ƽһڿˮ
ǸҪҸ
쳯ԼĻ˵֮ƽŵֹͣˡ
㣬Ƿġ
Ǻǣ㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪ңҪ
鷸ѵͲô
ƽתͷһڴϣ¶żӵűӵŮˣ˲á
Ҫô죿
ƽԥʱ쳯ЦеشӿڴóһǮƱϡ
ԺǾֵˣ
ƽԥһ£Ǹôǻǹʹس˹ȥ				

163Ӧ

ԴӺ͹ͷ֮󣬾һֱ۵λӡ
ҥԣϡ
䣬˵ϲͣǱ˰ԧҥԣΧ㣬ȥΪ˺͹һ֮Ѿ˷֮ʵҲΪμҸĸǼ
еб۶˵ȥҽԺơ
ڶյʱ򣬶μҸѩϼ˪θǰˣ˾ץһѱ˽ӰĻᶼûи
μˮһʲôʲôС
ܿ죬һǼһˡ
ĸţԹΪҶס
θĸ޴ˣ˼ϻ׵ˣʲô˼
ĸԶоݡ
Ǽҵ˴ЩҥԵġϾ֮ǰ˵ҶӲ˵˵ǼסһиôôЩҲú룬ҶӲ˵ˣôᴫ˵ǼסǸﻳҶӵĺӣֶŮ̥λãѡ
ĸŶĸ֣һº͡
˵ЩҵǻͦԵֵġҥ˹ҲΪǼҲŸӲں
ĸЩԥؿθ
ԼŮʲôãǾǱۣ֮ǰЩ׵ģȻһˣˡ
ٿǿǰɣ
ſڣȻ
ÿˣӦɣ
˶ſڣͼɫܲվ
ĸЦǺǵ߹ȥŶֿ֣佱ĻҪǮģ˼¶ˡ
ĸĸײҪ˿佱ԼҺӵģ
֮ǰڮٵЩֱ
˵ǣǶԼҲҵһЩڸС
ĸһ׮£Ӧˣ
ĸŭһ䣬˵ǻ£Ҫء
Цһ
أҪôأ
ոԼ°ʱ򣬾Ȼһȳȵ·϶סҪ޸ʲô׼ˣһͷ
ѾҪһͷȺˣҪʲôأ
ĸһҪ󡣡
ĸ˵һҪ ʮҪԸ⡣
˵˵ĸ֮ǰϲ㣬ףܾˡֻҪᣬܼΧڣȫӦ
ޱؿڡ
Ҫؼ޵ҡ
ĸ⣬ֱŶ֣ʾ˽飬һزٰģһ˶ĿĲ
ԼҶӵĸ̫࣬һҪһҪ˽֮󣬷Ǽ֮鶼С
ĸˣȴӵԼҸĸ׵Ŀըֱ˵ô嶯
Ҳ嶯嶯ҾͳЦˡǲ֪
ѽ췢˵һ飬˿޵
θе죬⣬ʱûͨɼȻѾӦ˼ңҲû˷ڵء
ȻǶμȥˡ
˵ҳҥ֮⣬ûʲô޵ģ쳯ǸԼҲ
ȻҲΪŮ˵ֹһӣסԺܹŮĵˣǷ᲻ô
Ҽö飬϶ӣҼ棬˲
ΪҥԶ̫ˣʱסˣûг͸¶
ûв©ǽ׳С廹˵ˡ
Цˡ
ôã쳯ô࣬ٲ֣Լȥˡ
ǣһ죬ԴӵϢ˵쳯Ů˶ˣ ŵȥ쳯쳯˵һжǼٵġ
Դ֮ǰôСףһ۶ĵýȥ˶μңҪŶס
뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ûжĻԼҲûʲô˳úÿҲǳˡû뵽ȻѾ˶ˣ˲Ǳˣ쳯
һֱƭĸоϮͷԴŭҵ쳯ʹһٲ˵һ϶μҴһͨ
μҺ֮䶨ȥˡ
֮󣬶μҲ֪˵ǸסҵŮˣ滳쳯ĺӣûд
ֱ̫ȥ˵˵
θɫһƬǽػصߣ üšһ֡
Ͳˣ˼ҺӶֵԼҺӵʱôͱӣ
֣㲻ȥȥ
۾Դ뿪֮һֱ޵ڡ
֮ǰһֱûͨ飬ȫѾͨˡ
ֲҵҥأȫУǸ·ȳôôɣ˵ĵĸףײ˸ţ룬ְֵĹҲǼҸŪû˵İɣǣҾͲˣΪʲôңΪһҷѾĻֵô
θŮĻȻ뵽һ顣
ͣ				

164ǧ֪

θ۾ؿŶ
֮ǰ˵쳯͹֮йô᲻ΪҪͣԹģ
һ㶣ô֮Ȼ뵽ǸĬˡ
ܶԼᣬǸٲԴԼÿζԼģҲŮʲôӣǼҵʱõĶǹף֣ҲõóеǮҪ·Եġ
ֻǵԼģΪʲôҪȥƽĽࣿΪʲôҪŹȥ쳯Ǹ
ǸŮʲô鶼Ϊʹ㣬ʲôΪǺáǸ쳯һôŮŪڹ֮УǣԼô͡
ţ˳䡣
θĸæȥԼҹŮȴſڡ
ͣ
˶һۣ׷ܿԷеκͺڡ
֪ᷢôĻô˵ù뿪˵˵ҲҪ˺ͺòǡ
ֻǣǧ֪
߻ڵóӶˣǱԴҲ֡
쳯ҪȢ㣬ΪʲôԼôãһֲҪĺá
쳯ȫǽԼδϵģδܻûйϵĻȻ뵽Լҽ֮ǰԼ˵顣
Դ˵ٻ˼ңĸɰڴϵĽ㣬һһګګ
ԴӣС濩һ
СԴ˻֮һӣǿѹѹĿڡ
ôˣʲô飿
쳯Ǹ˶Դûʲô˼ԼɵܵܣȴűʤԼ
Դԥһ£Сӣְѽ췢˵һ顣
СЦһ֪쳯ôĴ󵨵ȢԼġ
ϧɵܾܵȻ˼ҰԼ˻ҪĸʮĸСʱԼ
ֻǣҼȻѾע⣬һԼĺӣԣȢǸμҹŮǸԼĺһ裿
Լ꺢֮ͻᱻô
һԼҵܵܣԵǰŹ£ģҪԼҵܵѹסԼ͸¶У
ԣ
׼ôֵ飬ô߱ˣϢոպþʹԴĶУ
ϸ룬˵첻СϢϢĲСôǱ˹͸¶ģ
Դüͷ뵱ʱһУȻҡͷ
ңҵʱ̫ǵˣ
ԴоȣС룬Դһ£쳯ûʲô˺Ը
Ը
Դ뵽Լ֮ǰӶμҳʱ˵ǰǹ͵Ůѣ֪ûйϵ
ͣ
֮ǰҲǸô
ԴͷС룬ҪԴԼȥҹ͡
ûҵˣûУҲûУֻշתȥڶռҡ
ĽûôȥҽԺմñӸڴæһУԴС̲סǣȥڽ˸ӣ
֪
СĿֵشһ̹Ľ֪࣬ǻҲ˵ֱӰ˴
ǰ쳯йذɣ
Դšü
һСѾͷƬ֪ʲô
֪ģҪࡣ
ĽݸСһˮ
ɫ̫ãǷˮԻڱصġ
Сһ㶣ȻĽдԵĸм
Ľûôȥ棬Ҳûм쳯ǴӹǸԼϢҲܲ³˾Ųʮ
쳯ĸ쳯ܺ㣬޲ȥ֪ɣ
С˰ĵ˵ͷ
ΪⱲΨһĺӣٺ㣬ҲűӵѺȻҪͷܵܣˣֲģ˶˺ôܲԴ˹˸߸ߵԴӡȻԴͻϼңȻٸԼŪһš
ĽЦЦ
ԣӦ֪ɣ
㲻Ҫϻ˵
Դȭͷգͷشߴٵ
ңʺһΪǹ͵ǰŮѣΪĸףҽԺҽ
Ľ˵꣬ĿؿСŵĶӡ
ʾһ£ǸƵҽأ
СɫһףʶסԼĶӣĽɫǾ֡
ôǲҽĺӲ
Ůӵʱ򣬿Գֺܶ飬Ѫһ˵췦Ѫأû취ƵģҲΪġԭΪҪСӵʱѪûˡ룬̫ԣΪһûô
˻һСָԴ				

165º˵

ԴʱҲס˺ĿִźµѯĽࡣ
ԣҷųӽңҪʲô
Ľ࿴ԴģЦŸһˮ
ȵˮż
ϾѾѾˣ ֮ǰûʲô쳣ѾѾߵһˣ żҲûˡ
ԴôܲżԭһӣȻҲ֪쳯˺֮һͱ˶ԷĶ
СȰס˼ƢԴЦеǶС뷨Ķࡣ
ţĽ࣬һĴ㡣
żȿˮС˵
Լ˻쳯һУȻϲԴűӷŹԴ֮ѾƻˡǧټƵĽӽԴȻִָ֮ĹϵȻֱԴС֮ĹϵʱֻҪһƣԴӣʲô
С룬˽ԼŵˮЩȷĿڡ
ţҶְɣ
ǵģʱĺѾˣȥҽԺ֮ƽµرߺӣȻѪȥԴǸɱĹ֣Ӧȥ֡黹еĻ׼һС
ʲô
ԴʱȭͷѾýġ
Ľɣʱ쳯ĻԴƻٴŪҲһ
ǼǼڸǷ˰ɣ
һʵؿԼĽسǣѼʧǼ˵һ顣
֪ҡͺԴ֮𣬾뵽ݻһ׷ԴⱲӿܾˣһ˵ĻǸã˵ֱӿǹˣ
ǣҷŵġ
ǲŵĲҪҪǣе֤ݶѾָ㡣ң߸ոճһ٣֮ǼֱŻˣټڳôŰ裬˭Ϊ˵ûġ
ԴȻ뵽֮ǰԼĽʱ򣬶ԷЦпԼı顣
ǲǿޣǷ̰ɣ
ԼΣ֮ж֪Լϲմմϲ
ǣǾô֪Щģô쳯ģ
ԴһζԼ˼޷԰ΣСǴҵص㡣
Ϊʲô쳯ôܵǶ֪
ĽЦЦԼ֮ǰ˵һ飬ǳϿҵظǵǸ
ҲǱΣҿԽүүûΪʳãȴܽץ𣬻й壬ԴҪԽĻҲ²ߡûԱ˲˺飬ԼáǸҪǸġ
С굹һĽı飬Ҫѿжѿ
Сģȴˣ쳯֪˹Ľ飬ǵҲڹɣ
ңʱĽĺһ㣬ţѾ˵Ľ࣬ҪȫŪɱҲһ¶
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Դԣһʱ֮ԭء
Сû˵黹УĽֻǴһϢƶ˾ķչеѡģܹÿ˵ԶƲһļƣ֪
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СһɡԼɣȥæɣ֮ǰ˵˼д׬ǮôθǷӹƻ˲٣Ҳﲻ㣬С¶ˣֻˣ
ĽЩдر˱մ󺣣ñСһ￴һĻһСһس˹
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մЦˣԭݺЦƸ㣬ذ˱˻
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ʵЩʱ˵Ҫĺܵͺܵ͵ģЩʱ˱ҪΪۣ֮ Ϊģžܹ֮ǰشʵʱ򣬿е֮
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Ľ࿴ŹͺͳС壬ȻһԼҺ
ӳҪ뿪軳Ĺо
ܿ˲ˣΪѧУ˺٣Ҫæˡ
Ľȥ꿪ʼ˲ȥ˶˾˺ͺԽģͿʼ׼Ÿ椺ݶ˲٣ԼһȻֳһִ˶˾ˣһָ˺óС˵㣬ȻھӼȻٲˡ
ȥΪմ󺣵ļ֣Ľ໹ͶǸ˵㣬ĽԭҲ׼Ǳմסˡ
ø׼ǴˣԼѵչ˲ԼôʲôõģԼš
ĽЦеӦˣû뵽ǣȻӵԼͶ͹İ
Ľһ·˷ݵǮͲƱ˼ף֮󻹸һЩ
زֻʾǽճɲãû취ˡ
մû˵ֻĽԼĽ룬ѲƱǮ˲·˹ȥָ֮˲ٳԵģǹꡣ
մ󺣼ĽĶ֪˼
ʵĽһõģֻԼ֮ǰֻƫѩԾӲͬ룬ԼǱһ㡣
Щ֮Ľ໹ûһͱš
ѩҲƽɪɪ淺淣ӽ궼˲٣ֻǿˣĽŭģǻ汧ŵĺӡ
Ľ֮ǰȥҵʱСܻܵͷԣװֵģͬһĺӣȴôرԾԵԴر
Ľ˱飬Щµҧҧꡣ
㣬㲻Ҫ㲻ҪǹĻھߡ
Ľɿסˡ
ǸʲôʱҪǹˣ
üͷԼҽ͡
㣬Ҷ˵ˣôãŲأ㣬гԵôöˡ
Ľ༱æ˽
͹棬СѽΧĽǵĽ֮󣬼С浽һ
ĽԼСŮ龫ˮȥ˼				

172¿

ֻĽû뵽ǣ߲ŸոãǱ淺淶ѭζ˹
ˣֻ۾۰Ͱ͵ؿĽ
ǿţҲ˵Լԣô۰Ͱ͵ĽһӲĻˮ
ٽ꣬⼦ȸóԣһóԵĶòã
СЦеӦǻΧ£Ľߣߡ
СűѯĽ⼦òóԣʲôζģ
ĽЩᡣ
ʵһֱ֪ģڴ󻷾£ܶ˶ųԲôůʱոմԼҲǴ͸ô
ƽѩôģӣһҪչˣ
Ľ̾ϢһѺӺͼȫ淺淣ȻԼȥ
ӶûˮȻӣĽȥڽ˼ȥ˵²ˣǰӳԡ
Ȼ淺ҲԵĽζģ ֱ˵óԡ
ӵģմҲЩģֻûпڣͼĽ࿪˵Ҫ꣬մȻϲ⡣
ĽѾˣȵ֮ȥƼҺúõظƽú̸̸ԸĻһǰ̣ԸĻҪԼ
淶Լܹů͵ķʾܿģֻǿŹں迴ŵĿα룬ҵĽ࣬һ
㣬ܲһ飿
Ľüһû⣬ԼûȥôຢӣǵĳԴסжҪǮǺҪһ£Ľ뵽˵ڸԺҲͬҪԼЦ淵Դ
õģһͷú̸̸ԵĻǾס
뷨˵۶ѧУĻܻȥ۶ʱ˻չմ󺣣ҲչǣԼܹˡ
ֻǣֱ֮Ľĸ첲ҡҡͷ
㣬Ҫ㲻ҪȥҰ˵ǲǶģңҺٳԵ㶫ÿ·ô
Ľ̾Ϣһ淵
ôܲ˵İ裬ҪΪ㸺ġҰˣ֮ʲô飬ôǽ
üĿİؿĽࡣ
ãǸʲôǣܹ飬ΪʲôͲܣң ڱһưͣҰְһ̱ⲻǶΪôȻôǴ𲻴Ӧʲôϵ
Ľɫһ䣬ֱץס淵ĸ첲
Щ˭ģ˵ʲô
深ץˣɫһ䣬ɿ˦Ľ֡
ץˣſңſ
淣˭˵ʲô
淺ǿ̧°ͶĽࡣ
ѵô̸˵һɥǣǹסģסӦõģϾĻҰְ־ͲӦǣ Ƿǵġ
Ľ಻ŵغСŮıӡĽϣһشһ
淿ĽѿɫҧŴԼ֣Լ֮ǰ̸Լ飬ָԼ
ûµظɻǾûзԣǽĴ
մվſڣŵؿôĽ淣ڲ
úõغӣǸ棬Ӳرһ˸ڳ添Ҫ˵մ󺣷ŭҪ죬ȻС˳
Ľ˱۾Ĭػȥ˷棬˴Լ档
֪Ǻű˵Ļ֪ͯ޼ɣ֪һУʱԼһء
ԼʲôӰ죬ڴ˿ǶܹԼ
մҲΪԼӵİΣԼǿƵİƽڴϣ֮أ
ĽԼһ춼ûгţմ󺣺ǵġ
Ȼ淽ѵһ٣ָϵȻŵѾ֪ԼˣǻѳڣЩ˺ǲܱġ
룬մȥ˹ͣȰ˵һĽࡣ
ʹµǮԼֽ˵ǮſʼǷӣ˵֮󣬶˵¶͹οĽࡣ
Ľ࿴Űѻ˵˵ȥĹ̲ͣסЦЦ
Ҫ˵ˡҶ֪ġǻСֻ˱˵Ļңû¶ǰɣ
͵ͷ
Ľ̾Ϣһ
Ĳǣ֪һж֪ûҸûкڡǣСѿǲǶԵģ				

173´

ͻûŪĽĻڡ
ͺɱҵѣΪ˱㣬Ҳɱ㡣
ǵģ
ʲôǣǿġΪʲôзΣΪʲôзɣΪЦһдЩȰ˵ǳʵŵĹ£ԼȴΥСʱµ¶
Լسͷôֿµ뷨Լôֵģ
Ľһ
ԣȹҪȥƼһˣһȥɣ
Ҫԭǣ
Ľҡͷ
Լ飬ΪʲôҪԭǣЩʲô򣬾ͻõʲô
;ڵĽö˶˵˵ʲôͦµġ
Ľ˵ڹ͵ͬ£ȥƼңƼ˻ǷŭǺµУƽѩӡ
µʱ䣬ƽûݳֽƬˣڿĽǽʱ˳շɿ¡
ѩ㷲վԱߣӵģʲô顣
ιΪӳ;ҵҼҡǣ뵽ǹô
һŨŨʺζƽôã
ԣүүڴϣ֪ʲôζ˰ɣ
ƽգһ۾۾Ĵģգڶ۾
ˣ
ѩ˸ֽͱʣҪĽƽ
Ľ࿴ѩ֣λεĵļӺͶˣǱ˵ƤһǱ֮ǰӺÿ˲١
ȷֻҪƽ㣿
ѩæͷ絷⡣
Ľ࿴ŵƽ΢Ц
Ȼѩǧ㲻ã㲻ãǴʼģȴǶһ޶ġ
ƽգһ۾֮תͷ˼ȦҲ˲ίѩ΢
ıߣܾԼһͷصģܾԼδǰ;ÿ춼ڼӪҪδһ졣
ڴ⼸£ĸֵܿԼҾһ׸ԵĲϸָɣ֣ӳԲůŻôôᡣǰϵ飬һذǰ֪Լжʧܡ
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Щһε˳
Ľ۾ƽģüͷ
Ӧ֪Ϊʲôɱ˷ɱҲΪ淵ĸףϣԺһøףɷ򡣡
ںöӣ˰ɣƼĸĸҲֵʲôöӡ
ѩԣ۾һǰ˵סĽ֣ϵؾϹ
Ľ˱۾֣߲ȥֻùͰƽѵ˽ġ
ѩĽľٶ˰ڿʼ֮۾
ƽ죬ˡ
ûһ˵ؿĽĶȵĽ룬ѩ嵽˴ǰѯƽô
ƽѵض˶ԴǾԼڴһ㶯ɲԼ
ֻڴɵЩ⽩Ӳͷָһ¾С
ĽȻûкĵ޾ϸظǺúýҪĵز֮Ҫ뿪ȴƽסˡ
˵Щ˻ƣó˵ܼѡ
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һһ٣˵ü仺
Ľüͷһתͷƽ˹ȥ
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Էܵؿ˵
лл
Ľ಻ÿɷŹһ뿪
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˵֪Ĳ˳ʺɽ׸ıƣǾȻ滹ڴƽԱá
Ϳס
ܼǿȴ֮룬ҲΪƼǼӰɣ
̱ĸưͣƼŮ˼ңʲôӣĸ׵ծ񣬲ںϡ
ĽؼңĺΧס֮ǰ˵Ƿ淡
㣬֪Ұְ飬Ըչ˱ܣְԣܲԭ
СŮؿ˵Ƿմ󺣽֮󣬾վԶҽӽ˵ֱ˹һѵ
ĽСԴ
˵޹أиծŮ顣ͲСˣѾʲôʲôĽ׶ΣѧԼжϡ˵ôȷôΪʲôҼסͱҪ淣
һŰֽȫͿѻľ£ۼĴа˵˻ټ				

174

ĺӱȽ϶࣬ҲȽϷ㣬ĽԭҪԼأٽصʱƽѩռҡ
ĽͷͺŰͷԤŹʱԡ
ƽǹΪǸ֮ǰһҪԻ˳õ㶫ɶԷȴεظǱʾٹҪ㶫ûǮ
أ
ǲҪ˵ǮƱ֮Ķùꣿ
ӴĽЦЦߣƽЦһֵ̫࣬˼ҸԼ
ҡҡͷ
ûʲôֻŹˣЩ˵ȥԭҪǰģȽŲ̫㡣
ĸаˣ
ĽδҲ̫һЩҲûҪƽξָʲô
ɽȴܲ죬˼ֱˣʲôûҪʲôûá
ͳȽ϶࣬ѧڳŴҰѻ޺֮ŸϹҴһϢ
Ѿǳ漼ԱˣÿµĹʮʮǮ
û˵ĻУ˼ǣȵ֮Ҫһ£ȻҪһʱ䡣ܷ̫֮࣬ûϢĽ˵
ǸˣԺҲһݹĹʸݹĻ
͵ǺƢرʾ˾Ӧöѧ㣬㣬ҲΪԺ۾顣
Ա·մԣֱй
Ľûط˸ۣðɣԼһ˼еˡǰеߦ˹͵档
йˣ¶ɣ
Ҫô

Ľùߦȣʼ̵ôߦƤŶԷ˼ξ֣Ľֱ̾ͻĺӡ
Ľĵڶꡣ
͵һȣһЩ飬һЩж㡣
֮ǰԭھ˵һռҹģ˴ֶԣ˵ռҹ꣬ԼҾ̫ˣûζֶˡ
ռֻʣĽ˴һµ棬Ź㲥һꡣ
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֣
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մЩж˺ԱĽЩϲ
û뵽ȻҵĺʮǮĺ㻹Ĵ󷽰ѵˣǷӻǷ˲Ǯأ
ʮǮ֮һĹ˰ɣ
Цҡͷ
ỹϵģұΪͶģҵĽ
Ľü
ԣҪǽҲǽôάǮƭİɣ
Ľһ㲻Ҫƭҡı飬̾Ϣһ
ʲô㡣һݺﲻѾ࿴ˣʱҲȽԾˣ
Ľ˵صͷֻ飬Ǻܿϧؿһ۹͡
˵㣬ʲôãΪʲôҲ󣿺òиҲˡ
Ľ̾һҡҡͷ
մûĽһ¡
СҼҵģҪĹߣʲôӣСҪʲôʲôҪżٸɫһ£˵ҵõġ
;˶飬Ѿôˣմ󺣵ĺ֮󣬽ʯͷǶҪ˯Ŵӻȥ˯
ĽҲ˸Ƿ˯Ļ˷
һãûӵĻ㲥Ҳֻģֻ˯
ʱũû˯
ȥڣĽ׼һѶȫĲһƷڵأԽɴʲôû׼ֻǸҰһӶѡ
Ĳټֻһ̽ӣüͷ壬Щá
أǹô
ֻƳһۣƽ޲
ǰȥ㲻˵ʲôӦøĸǼĹȥôԽĶѾĻȥ˰
裿ûˣôģ
Էָһ٣۾תͷĲ
ֻĸĸҪТҵİһǰɣ㲻Ҫǣǽ鵽ڣҼ˾Ϊռʲô
ĲԽԽԷ˵ֱȥû֮ǰ˳ܡ
˵ʲôҪӼõôѵǰͰ͵ţҪǼô
Ĳֱɶ
Լĸ֮ǰô飬ϸŰæģ
룬Ĳû˵ҪԼʲôȴԼݼڣĲ˵֮ǰԼ˸ĸֵȥæ
ԣԼɣ
ݸոմԼҴֱⷬġ
˻ҪҪˣ
ռҳ˼Ҷ飿⻰ô˵
ɩ˵ģ㲻ҪĻϡģԽӰɣ
û˵ԱߵĲЦһ
ģ֪ĻҲʱˣʲôԣûԹô
˵֮ޱĲһݽӣתͷ͸ԱߵͰ档
ǰʲôԣǸҪԷɣóԷ
Ĳ
Ů˷ˣ
ݣ
ˣɩˣ				

175³ﻮ

ڶһ磬žı˯СһԼ·ʼҸȥ꣬Ȼʱ򣬿ڴһһѵĻӣżмǣȫ˺װԼ˽˱⣬Ȼȥꡣ
ĽҲ˼Сѣ׼õĶһѰѵǵĿڴҲۣӻʱ򲢲ǰôĻֻΪһնѡ
ǰʲôУ ȴû֮ǰֹڵĻա
û뿪˯Եڶĳ棬úʣζؿĽģһʡ
ôû
ĽתͷͣЩ֡
ҡҡͷ
ǰ̵ʱǼҲСҪֻǺû֮󣬺Ҳûˣ
ĽȻ뵽ڹ͵ǸȫҵĴţЩۡ
壬ģԺһڸõġ
Ĭ˵ͷ
ڣѾȵõ̫ˡ
һУĽġ
Ľȥ˳ңûΣǶڳȴİԭ򣬴ΪиԼСƣԼǸС˾ˣһ棬ͣĸԼС˾ˡ
ͳ˳ȻãҲԼүүࡣĽڳ˵ĺøóԸûеˣڿһģһĺ֮󣬸ϲ̵Χת
Ľ棬Լȴںͳ˳˵
Ľ࣬ⶼˣ֮ǰ˵ָǼ龿ļٵģʹ˾ˣ˵ԼҲûϢ
һͼԱߵĳ˳Լˮ̴ԼĽŵװϿ˿ġ
ͷʶ̣㲻ԣѵôǸͣǸĽ飬ôôã
˳һɡ
ϰһۣûؿڡ
Ϊ˭ Ϊ滹ǣ
ģһôģ
Ľʱ䣬죶ţǸٹʹѾԶ˰ɣ
̾ϢһЩһ˾صģֻϧ׵ֲ޳ֻء
ҵŰɣӦòġ
Ȼֹ죬㲥ֽϿʼǼ顣
ſڹŵĶһ类մ󺣺۾ս˼ۣôɾ
˱úõأôôûأ
ĽվԱ߿ţ̾ϢһŲɽһǶѣǽͷϷĿθˣ֪ʷḶ̌ʲô˵ʲôУоġ
ԣֻܰͱʹװ棬ʼͷѧϰ
ͶĽķȻϣҲֻΪĽΪ뵽Ϲүӵȥĵ죬ĽûֵľٶҲ
ڣ椳ɹԼ˳ȥ굹ǻ˲ٶڽʱ򣬺úõسһѷͷȵúܡ
ݶۺŶԷŮʢٿԼݶһźʽľкݺݵغһѣǶݶֺ˲١
ݶܲûиоĸʲôԣÿ˹ѧϰҲ֪Ľ྿Ūôⷽ鱾ÿ쿴һһڵԼæĲɿ
ѧϰЧҲģǷװװʽʱëԼԼ֮ǰĥͼȥĵ֮ڵȵ˳Ļظ
ĶƸ¼ˣңԼҲƸΪʦܶ˶֮͵ְλ
ؼǣĹʮǮݶ˵ϲ£죬ֱ˵ĺͼȥռңлĽݶṩĻᡣ
ĽֻЦֻմ󺣺ݶǶ˵
ݶǲ˼ؿĽһۣĽĸмĿ̹ǡ
˵ûĽ࣬ûڡ
Ľ࣬ȥ㷿˵
ֻǵĽ෿֮󣬿Ľ̯Ŀαͼҽ飬Ǻ档
쿴Ͳô
Ľҡҡͷ
鵽ʱ٣ѧҽģϵĿɶԼҽĻǶԲ˲εһ֡
ݶĽ鱾صͷ
ǰ֮ǰҵ飬һںڣΪʲôúö飬ʲôְ
ݶҪѧô
ѧʲôѧ
ѧ
ݶգգ۾һȵĿĽࡣ
˵ǹũѧеģǸѧϡ
Ľ䴽ǡ
ǣȻݶƸȤĻϵ
ʵҲû̫İգոѧϵûУԺҪߵøӳԶҲѡ
ôݶʼĽѧϰ
һֱ֪Ľ뷨Ϊ˲̫࣬ÿϻȥ֮˻е鼮֮⣬иϰеĿα
7£Ľбҵûб־Ը˹չˣԼһ̤˱еĻ𳵡
һطڵԼ				

176¾ܾ

2գĽ̤Ǹǵĵط˵زӣ֮ǰ뿪ʱú֤
ͬ־֮ǰϺ˵ֻǲ֪ʲôҪæ
Ľˣ˵ǺһС
λ壬һصҪ˵ֻǲ֪㡣
Ľ಻֪ԶԷôԼݣʱǳҪ֮䷢֣ȫ˵ĻԼδҪ˵ĻԷм⡣
˵
ЦЦĽһ롱ơ
ϣò
ۿϾͻǳƽ٣Ľҧҧ꣬Ǽ˵˳
ֻУԼֻ·ʱ򿴵һЩ쳣뵽Լʦ֮ǰԼ飬롣
ֻǲ²ѣСң
ЩЦõźĽš
Ľһ⣬ĵ飬Ƿˡ
Լ߶Էʱֻ˵Լ׽ѵĺӣ
˵Ļôһôش飿
Ľһ֣࣬ء
λ壬֪ܻЦأδĻᷢأѵҪδܻʧȥİպͼͥô
˺ǺһЦĽļ
С˵Ļ֪ˣһȥġ
ĽĿؿһۣùԼһݽţһ֮ҧߡ
⻰СģȻס
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Ľ뿪ֽ䣬²뿪εҡҡͷ
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ںݺݵһɫҲûôأЦеչ˺Ľࡣ				

177³


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ڴҾʧʱΧǶŴ׹ЧӦһһ˲䵹ȥ
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Ľ౳Լ֮ǰĴڵĳ
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Ŵٴε˵ͷкһ˿ʼԮ
ѾвѣɳѪȣ̡				

178°

ǲԫϱڣǿͰݡ
˰˱ʯѹסˣ˰

ӣҵĶӣ

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ض˶ָȻͻû˿ǺԴʱӲָѾ»ָ鶯
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УƵص㲻֪һ߹ȥֹѪ룬ҽָƣ͵ָ
©ƫҹ꣬ķڶ磬䣬ԮӼѡ
Ϊ֮ǰѾϸʵ䷽ܱ߸ȫߵľԮ񣬷׺棬صİԼԶԷ֯ԵģԮԱҽǳԶûһʱ뵽ҪЩΪС
ʱ䣬Ľ඼ûôϢ˯һָһ¾Ȼ
һģ ЩϿսڵһߵĹٱǺҽǣƳһӣ ܾһʧ				

179Ͷ

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180µڶͶ

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ⶫûǮ֮ǰ˵Ҫڼ
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Ľߡ				

181

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Ľ࣬ôöԡ
Сĸ׻Ҫ˵ʲôæ˹ĽļЦеѯʡ
ĸŮѾûƢ
ҲԼľŮŮ֮⣬ǣ˭Ҳ˵Ǿֻܵʲô
ȥʲôʱǸͷ
ʲôְֽԷһԡ
׻˵˵ܲٲܲٵ
ĸһ䣬ſڴ򸸵
ĸСɿӭ˳ȥĽڳ濴Űһʢ˳ųŸʺá
úúã СȷΪΪ
򸸿Ľ࣬͡
ĸһ˶Էһѡ
˵ģ̫ٷˡˣҪС£ ô
һ㶣ֿ֮Լϱһۣ˶Է۵׵Ļϲ֮εص˵ͷ
飬ԼŰ죡
ĸһЦЦеؿĽ࣬Ҫڵ۶죬Ȼͷúȥ棬תתڼҰѼĺǶлúˡ
ĽӲͷƤҪܾĸʵ޷ܾǾôɹġˡ
ԱߵСЦеأʾԼԺҪĽ׽׽
׽Ǽ٣Էİɣ
ĸûغŮһۣҪĽ಻С졣
򸸵Ǻܺ档
ʲôԷ˵ʲô ôף
СְԼոոĸ˵ĹĽ˵һ飬ĽԼոдƪӡ
ĽӲͷƤվԱߣԽԽС˵˸ͲǱˡ
ôã				

182


ҲһֱڹǱߵ飬ѯĽǱߵ
ĽᵽʱҲûоܾϵЦʧܳصİѵص˵һ顣
ҶĬУСվĽļ
õģ˵ģһ־ɳǣЯֲġһѣ˷֧Ԯ⻹ô
⼸ʵʱ򸸾ȵĿĽࡣ
дģ
ĽЦǣ˵һѻҪļѻԲѡ
ͷ
ǵģ
ۼС컹ҪڣĽ༱æȥԼ֮ǰõĲ˶˳
Էɣⷹһˣóˣ
Ҷ˾ܿĽĲڣ
˭ĽԼ飬ΪĽ̫ǫˣò˼
ǣĸĽ֪һ㡣
ǵ۶ˣȻôȥԷҲûһٷʲôóԵģ ĸӲǱƽʱһ뷹ֱ֮ʾҪȥ
ԱߵС첻Ц
Ҿ֪ġĽ˺ó˰ɣ
ĽЦеվҪʰ꣬ȴۼֿСסˡ

ĽС˭ûˢǷָ
˼ıķ
Ľ౻СԼС棬 ʾһ˯ĽҲûвܸ˷ַ˯Ĺ񱣬Сʱڹ¶Ժ棬ûطһѺ˯һ䡣
ˣʲôİ
ʡ
ŶĹŵġʱƾҪǱȥοݳ˰ɣ
Ľ롣
ڶʲô谡֮ǰдӵʱ뵽һ׸裬Ӧò
С̽ĿĽࡣ
㲻Ҫң׸Ҳ˳ġ
һ׹ڵĸĽô˵׸Ǳ˳ģԴʱŶԷϿҵĵ˵ͷ
дģǸӵĸ衣
Сһ£ȻĬڴϣͷ
컨壬عǡ
˵Ǹĸ׵ʱڻԼӵʱʲô飿
Ľû˵СûоĸʾǺ
֪
ǣһĻԼʱ򣬺𺳾ˣ
СܿԼĴһЦ
Ľ࣬ҳ׸ɣ
Ľǰ׺ܳһסˡ˳
ϤĸϤɣĽǰ
ԼǰǸӹ¶ԺСǸһ˶ûУ¶ټسƴС
ȵһ׸質꣬Ľ࣬ԱߵС춼档
Ľ࣬ú
ĽȻС챧סȫĽļϡ
Ľ༱æʰЦЦرʾԼſɾһ·ŪҪԼ·ġ
Сʵؾ͡
··ƾ׸裬ʮװ׶С
źȻƿĸҲһĳ˽
·򣡡
ĺøж
Ľԭֻһ俪ЦĻȴû뵽ĸС˵鵱ģ˵ڶһԹĽ֮󣬰ңȥٻг
Ľ࿴ǸԼѡĲǺɫǺɫ·ֱ²ܡ
Ǹܻܲһɫ
ֱʾ
ĸȴҡͷ
ɫãɫϲ졣
ԱС͵Цǲæ
ΪԼΪʲôСôΪĸ״ϲɫϲòˣ
Сʱ·ȫǺɫģֺ졣
˸ԼһĿֵÿ֡
Ľ룬ĸ·ӡ
̣ǲȥ·ɣ·̫ÿ
̫ÿ
ĸȵĿĽ࣬һʱ֮仹ֲԷ˵滰Ǽٻ
ԱߵСȻ뵽Լ֮ǰȥĽʱٸԼ˵ĹĽ·飬ĸĽ߶ڷ
ǼĽԭô
ĽɰͰ͵سǣɿҡͷȫƸԼڵݶϡ
ǵģֻҾϲڻƵݶ棬ݶǷװϰģϲơ
С쵹Ǻ档
ף֮ǰȥǼƺҲûм
ĽͷѾһ㱡ǿһĨЦ
ŶֻǣֻǱȽæѡ
ܲ˵ݶΪǵ¶ԲôŰɣ
ĸ˵ԱߵۻԱ˸һ
У˵ǵ·ÿԼ·Ҳ·ȫϵ·ǵ·ÿȫҲÿ
ĸüͷһ壬ɫ䡣
ĽסҪ۵ĸ˵˵Сĸȥѡ˼ƥϡ
ĸĹŵģȻ˵Ҳܺá
ĽѡһɫĽ˿޲ϣһۡ
Сһɫ޲
Ľ֪࣬ⲼϱȽɫҲ̫ѿ˰ɣ
ĽЦЦֻ룬ԼѾõͼ˳
ͼЩÿûɫǲÿ
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183뷨

뷨
Ľû˵ָֻԼһ·
·ǰ㰡
ǰǲϿɶˮ֣˭֪ôĴƷⲼǲ۲۵鲼ϣҪˬжˬ
ĸĽģܾ鲻ô򵥣Ůĸ첲ҪҪڡ
裬֪ո˸Ů벻Ҫô˱˺ôҲŮ
СͣʾԼе㲻̫ˡ
ĽЦЦ֮ſĸ
̣Ժһʯǰɣ
ĸЦŵͷ
ֻʱǳʯʱԵĻȵ֮ٸԡ
ĽȻϲʯ
ܲժ
ڲܳԣ
ǳԣȾ
Ⱦ
Ľͷ
˶һŵӣҲ˵ֻЦųժ˼ʯȻǰʯѶˣֻʯƤȻ¯Ա߿Ⱥ֮ʯƤ˰ɫ
ȻĽһڹʼʯƤŽȥ
ܿ죬һˮ˻ɫ ĸС쿴ĽģǾȡ
Ⱦɫ
ȵˮٰ֮ӷŽȥ̳ǻɫ޲
ÿÿ
С۾ؿŲϡ
ĸ۾ؿĽࡣ
Ľ࣬Щô֪ģ
ʵֻĽǰΪʱȥʱ֪һȾɫȻѧҽȻЩָơ
Ľ໹ҽĸǾȡ
ԱߵСɡ
裬֪֮ǰ˵һֱôٸ˵Ľķӳҩ֮󣬺˺ܶܶ࣬Ľ໹أ
ĽϵıЩΡ
֮ǰһΪãôоռ˺ôأ
ĸĽ࣬Цѡ
СЦ
ɲռôĽ໹˵ϵ׸͸أ֮ǰһֱǸŮ˲ԸôһҪ
ĸһŮݺݵĵһۡ
Сǰ˵˵Щʲô
˵֮ſĽ࣬ЩڴЩš
ǸҪ͸ң
ǵģԼҲûиоø軹ǴһȽϺá
ĽЦЦ
ѾѸʲôдˣʱԸ
ĸЩ˼⺢Ӵӹ֮󣬾ͲͣŪȾʲôġ˵ԼҪ˼һ·˼ԼȾĲϣ˵ȥʲô¶
Ľ൹ǾνԼֻһ·ǲϵǮ˼͵ģҲ˼ԼҵģԼ΢˶ֶѡ
ԱߵСЦ
첻ҪһԷôǾʹһ·ȥҸĻǴĸװˣ
ĸǰĻɫ޲ٿĽƵ·̲סһ͡
Ǹ·ÿǺÿڴǲе̫ˣԣҲ㲼Ⱦɫһ·ɣ
ʱ˴һ·ÿ
Ľֲǣֻ˲ϣȾɫŸ÷ȥ
˯֮ǰĸ˵£ȻǾ̾
 Сֱʮȫܡ
䣬ĸһǸĬ֮ĸļ
Ժ󣬶һ㡣
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СոտϲˣٴϣֱҪ
ɫҵƤǰ֪ԼȻôסҲܺÿûУĽ࣬һ˲ţ 㾿ô뵽ģ
Ľû˵ⲻǺĳѾ˵·ȴ˱
ĸ·ߣԺʺشĳϴһЩУĻɫǾԼȥ
裬ʲôȥģ㴩ȥЩСƣһĽ㡣
ĸεؿĽࡣ
Ľ࣬ܲʲô취·ɫһ
㣿
һ㲻ÿĽŪһЩʯҶ֦·´ӻɫȾ˻ɫ
ɺܺÿ
úúãɫУɫС
ĸĲˡ
ϴһ򸸵۾һĽıһĴָ
ÿ
Сϲ̵ش˹ȥ
ְְ֣֣ҵģҵġ
úúãҲÿÿ
ֻǣ׿˼·򸸵ЩؿŴ·ˡ
ԣǾʹûҪһô
˹һЦСóһɫ޲·
ǵһ֮أٵģ
ֻô˵һ¶ѣȴû뵽ԷĸԼ׼һ·
װɫɫ ޲ģǲʣɻ֮ȴ
ĽԼҲʾ·ֻƽʱļҾӷѣȥĻЧôá
ЦǺǡ
Ҿȱڼ洩·ͦõģͦõġ
һڵʱȻ˽
裬С죬Ƕæأ				

184

һ˼صĸһ˵Ŀϡ
һ˲併㣬Щκͼž
ӹĸЦЦæк˽
׳־վſŸԷôûԵĻСȥŪԵġ
Сüͷ
裬Ҳǲ֪һʲôԵİ
ĸŮһۣûؿڡ
ôˣԼˣˣ׳־Ҫʲô˵ȥ
׳־æǰסĸ
裬ҳԹˣæˡǸ費ôˣҵ˼ҪСһؼס졣
ĸԴŭСŭһ٣ֱ˵֪ˣ֪ڼţʲôһתָ׳־͡
׳־ҲҪԹæ㲻ǲ֪ټ⼸ĽձǢڵǱߵ飬ƽʱҪæһ㡣ؼһǲԵģһͷѵѵ
ĸѾô˵ˣ׳־˵ʲô
ֻڨЦűʾԼ֪С첻ףԼĸҲԹСơ
С컹ǲߣסĸ׵ǿѹԻǸž׳־ˡ
ĽԱһĻֻѰζ
ϣԷʱûСԱ߲ƴڻĽٻе㲻ϰߣȻĸҲϰߣ˵ƽʱˣԷһ뷹ûгꡣ
Ľ״Ҳֻ̾Ϣһ˼ҵĺӣԼҪȰ˵û취
Լ³˵Сģĸ˹ȥ
鷿棬ıĸ˽ȥȳ֮һ߳ԶһĽ˵
ĸ׵ģŶɣϣԼŮúãֲϣŮί
ЦſĽࡣ
ͻСⷽǧҪżһҪϸϸǧҪ㰢һ
˵ȻЩһѾζ
Ľž׳־СЭãе˲١
ŮǿԭͲһ¶̸ߣ̸ߣӵ˻Уе壬ΪԼֻίȫˣһλһŶʱը
̣ġ̸һúġϾүүԱչأ
һеĵصڵ⡣
Ľ֮ǰСʱ׳־ĸףǴũġ
ǿũˣϾԼףҲũˣֻ˵Сֳ泤ĺӺũĸĸϾͲ̫һһεСìܻԣʱ䳤ˣìԽԽֻ࣬ἤ
ټһТ˳ˣôô룬֪ʱ򣬾˵˸ĸ׵ģƶ֮ǰԴŮ˵һŮãȻٺúάһŮԾ׳־ȻҶСʲôɳأ
׻˵ĺãڳĬ仵ڳĬ̬
ֻǲ֪ˣѡ仵Ǳ̬һԿ϶ʱ˵ģֻС졣
ǰչأȻ⡣
ĸ˵Ǻûȴ̾ϢһҲٶ˵ֻɿ˸ڣ˻⡣
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дģ
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дĺܺãǳá
ѾŮ֪£ƪ£ܹƿϱڲԫǸŮӻźӵһĻ
ĸҲӳ󻹸ŶŲ˵ıķ
˵ˣȳԷ֪ͨǿҪǰȥοݳ׸飬һ˵˵
ԢҲãֻΨһһ㲻һǣ񳪵ĸе㲻̫һ
οݳĽȻ뵽׸裬һǰģʣΪ˵רдģСϣһףǰġ˻󴬡
ΪԺĹϵǰܹעЩҲ׸֪֮ꡣ
ԹסҪߵĸطѸʺͼŪã
̣ﻹ׸裬Ӧûϲġ
֮ǰСĻôһסϣ˰ϣһס˻󴬡˵ҪﵽְϣҪ״̬
ĸһ£û뵽Ȼи裬һס
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úӣΪˣ
һеģ֪ʱܹó׸жѣ⼸գ⺢ӾһЦţҲѹİɣ
Ľҡҡͷ
ҽβˣҵı֡
ĸЩɻ͡
ĲǲϵĲҲһֲ
ĸͲĽ࣬ԽпؾãԷ治ʮСʳĽȴһ
ŵĻҳʱû֤
һ仰ְĸ׶Цˡ
ĸ׸ҵԼϼмһ־֪ûСĸһţųǵһ𰾳ͬ¡
⾿ĶŪģдĺܺãܺáһסˡֻʾ뵽һݱֽ
ĸ̾Ϣһ
ʣдƪµСԼдġ
ʲô߱дģTSˣҲ˵𣿡				

185


ĹŵҶųһǧ붼û뵽 Ȼôһ
Сڱ༭ҲȻˣĸõЩ裬ӦҲŮĸɣ
ٿе׸裬Ľˡ
иŮ
ĸҲͷĽ˵һ顣
˵֮Ҳ겻ѡ
Ǿ׳־ĸʱСĽң˵ûЩأ
Ҷž㵵ؿĸ
˵Ͷ˸Ӳ㣬һҽȥҽԮģ
ĸ˼ǺӺ񲢲󰡣
ʵĸҲ֪ĲֻС˵ĽʲôᣬڱЩʱӦȥ
ų衭
Ҷź˺ýһۣûذֽ档
ľģѲһ͵Ķɣ˼ҼȻʹ˶ΣҲܹ˼ҶΣúȥοݳʱ򣬺úñݳ˻󴬡ͺϳɣҾӦû᲻ġ
ĸͷƣԼܳб˼Լ뷨
Ľдʱ㿴һ˵ģǿһ˵˵Ȼǿų
Ҷ룬ȥҪҶʼ
ȥϰ࣬ĸȥСҲڣĽ룬ųš
ǰڵ۶ʱĵ۶ȫӡ
ĵ۶¥֮٣ƽ̹·ϣгˣһʽִɫ·УĽ͸оԼǳǰЩһ
һãһá
ǰ˿ڣĽ˼
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ĽȻ뵽ʱеĶصص㣬ε̾Ϣһ
Ѿ·ˣһҪˣԶˡ
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Цеػңͼĸʰ˵ڶҪ뿪
ôô
С컹Щȡ
䣬ſڴ򸸵
죿ˣеϢϴձǸһвŶٿ顣				

186²²

ĽҲû뵽ô䶯
ǣҲڰɣ
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д֮ǰֽϿǵЩ󻰿ջãƫƫдľһͼһôϱڲԫƬܲô
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Ľ༱æʾԼѾˣ˼Ѿܲ˼ˣʵû취Ƥ˸Լ
ȻĽ༫ƴǣɵȵСϻ𳵵ʱ򣬾ͼСֻȫĶ
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ĽСĻεԼ˻𳵡
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Сšüģ磬ֻ˱ֽȥʺ
ʵҲǸմӷС֪ĽϢҲԼ֪˵˳
Ľ಻ȥ˵һ緢ֵ𣬰ǰ赼βˣϸһĨȻ˵ı顣
֪ĽһʱûϢһǷġ
СʱҲò̾ͶĽȣȷʵԼߺܶࡣ
õģĽֻǹȥβˣûʲô飬ҲѾ˵۶Ļ𳵣ƹҪˡ
С͹Ͷһۣźݺݵһ
ֻ˻Ǵ⣬Ľ֮һҪúģЩЩ飬
˹ְһݱֽ˹ȥ
ƣ³¯ıֽ
˵䣬ԼҲɸ̾
Ľ⺢ӣǡ
Ҳһ仰ĺá
ëĺãĽ಻ŻݻĹϵһֺãȴʮ֡
ٸ˵ģСǱߵĽֻ࣬١
֪ĽᱻҵĻԼϸˡ
ΪԼ˸ףᱻСռ˼ұˣ񵹺ãúõһӣͳҵһӣвʡ
ں붫ʱ򣬹ѾĽһƪ¡
ֻҪ־ɳǣκﶼ޷
𺳣൱𺳡
𺳵ͬʱԼҲͬ
ԼĽô࣬Ǹ뵽ЩʱԼڸ
˽Լָ׻û׷ô
е㲻ģ
СҲ΢͹һֱŬŬŬҪĽҪǵʱΪһƬ죬ڡ
Ƭ죬ĽԼѾˣ ȴΪһЩëƤת
һִĵ׶ŨŨϮͷԼаյȴҷȥ
۹ͣȴȳСҪ̫ࡣ
СţԻȴһСûиĸף֮ȥ֮һȱһ˸ȫҵġˡͿʼԱһֱĽʱŷת䡣
ԣѾĵ͹ȣѾҰӣѾĽĥ˵ذףͷβ˸źâֻȱʣն
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ĸǸĹµĵطܵѾ˺üˣ鲼꣬ԫϱڵüЩһᡣ
ǱݶڲھӪȴеݳ
Ľ˵ģĲҲǲ
Щ֮ûдǲܵģҸով˺ڰ;ˣ۾ѿδĹ
ǣҪľЩ
ò߲ݷźõĶңϣܹȥҪĹȡ
̨ڵشȴ˰ǵĳ
ʱҪ裬˭ЩѾȥô
ǰǰʱмҪЩ
˰ɣ
԰ˣˣ

ԽԽĹŵ˻ûü޴ɧ
ЩѾʧȥ˵ǣôԸڹ۶ϿظЦϲ֣
ѵʱ䲻ӦԼĵԼѪ˿ô
ͲӳʼɢȺʼŬССޡ
Ϊ֮ǰؾͲӵ˶˿֣ܿ챻ѹȥǾҲòȺڵҪ̨ӣݳ
һĹŵ˲ˣǧдӣ˵˾ͲˣôУ
׸ĸҲȥС
ԱߵҶſЦѡ
ΪԸⰡҲԸģǣûа취
˼Ҳӭ̬ȼıʾƣǳЭ֮⻹ʲô
ĸҧҧֱ
̨ԲһԲܲݡ
Ҷſĸǵߣ̲סһæס˺Ѽ
㲻Ҫ嶯ȥĽױֵġ
ĸҶŵ֣ޱҡҡͷ
ǶѾôˣ־ʹְɣǣһʼǵıҲԴģҪ֪ǲѩϼ˪Ҳ˿εģǴԼһǻġ
ĲҪҩҽ
ЩĽΪǿҩ
ҶſźǼı飬һҲס˺ѵĸ첲
һ𣿡
ĸıЩȣɿҡͷѶԷִԼĸ첲ȥ
غ顭
Էһ
ôĴҲһ˱ңΥɵ׻ԼΪԵ飬ֶΪ
ĸһ֮󣬷ս˺ѵ֣صͷ
ã
Ҽ̨ˣŷȥԵ飬Ǻܿ죬黹ǳתۡ
ڴɢȥʱȻˡ
һ˴һ򵥵ľװŻͲ˳
ҺãĹһССĲ۵Ĺߡ֮ǰ׼˼׸裬ǲԸҪ̨ԸҪݳ룬Щ黹Ҫһġ
㲻Ļô֪ʲôЧأ
ԭ뿪˴ʱͣס˽ŲؿŶȻֵ
￴Ҷû˵һȰ ûпڣѾ˻˵ĲҶӡ
ԭֻһƬԽԽ࣬ԽԽࡣ
еҲòҶڵϼʯͷӡ
ﲻ˵ŻͲվ˵ǰô
ѡԼģ ҲҪꡣ
ԱۿһĻҶûס˵ȥǼط˻Լ
㣬£
ǲɵӣ
ȥһ׸趼ûг꣬˵͵ýҽԺˡ
ҡҡͷ۾ͨ죬ǿ
û
ۼİԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ󣬾ͲӶȰ˵վԭأô˵Ը뿪ҶŵױִֵӸŪûƢֻᶨƵغվһ
𽥵ģ֮ǰں̨ЩĹŵȫվ˳Ҷ֦ͬվһ
ɧ˵ǵΪȥԼ˾㱨ǰİȴŭ˶㣬;˳ͻ
˽еĻͲȻڡ
Ҵĵһ׸裬ֽˡϣܹϲ
ŰѾ˸ˣ Ҳ⣬ſͿʼ峪
һ죬ô࣬ǣ˫ۣ羰ĵطһ죬ɽȡǸ죬ٿˣ˫磬㡭
ĽһЩĶϾεֵļڲͬǰд׸ĹҲĹ²һ
ԭ滹ŭֹɵųˡ羰ĵطһ죬ɽȡʱ򣬲ѾֹͣеĶֱ㶵վԭأ沢ĸ				

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ŻͲ۾ЩѾ淴ĸѾġ
ƽʱ˽ﳪĸоȫͬ
վģĿĵطվЩɥ֮ǰۣΪһۣ㹻ѹֵޡ
һ̣ʲôɣʲô質ɣȫԺһ£һС󣬿ĵ⣬ȴޱȵĹ¡
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ֻЩվԭأݳոںǽľͲӵʿҲվԭأӯĸ衣
ƺԽҲƺʧƺܹ뵽ĵһĻ
ոձ˽йĵһ֣żæŵҪҵһ£û뵽֮󿴵ľȻһ棬ʱ
ԲҸոȥʱ򣬻ġ
һֹҲͬΡ
ɶԷȴĨһƢذڰ֡
ȥǼ̨裬Ϊʲôûаࣿ
˵ŻͼĹŵ˹
ãҶ˵ˣ̨ͲˣҲͦõģǰҪһ¡
ʱǱѾųһ׸裬Ŭ۾ԼӰ죬ûס
ɵ۵һ˲䣬ͼ֮ǰüԵһȺ˴ʱβվǰϹǸⲻǡ
ǵĴǵĹûλǲá֪Ѿû˼԰ƫƫҪʦڵع鷳ǵĽĿǰ˼ųģܲҲΪǾһ΢֮
˵Ҷš
Ѿ׸ˣû취پܾ仹طϢҴҸϹҲںҪٳһ顣
Ҷںݺݵ³һתͷһۺ۾ŶԷͷ֮ŴӦ
Բԫϱ˶ΧͱһĿյϣȺһΡ
ֻǵʱһС飬׸ܿܰǴǸضɽҡĿµϣ׸裬ǿԴһ㰲ο
ţǵʹܶǵ⡣
ſְ֮ͣǰġˡֳһ顣
⻹
ڳһ飬һ顣
һ飡


Ѿ棬ɻǸ߸ߵĻӶԼĸ첲ҪһΡ
ƲѣһһĳҶվʾﻹһ׸裬Ҫ
ȻҶûоһ׻һ׺ﳪ֮󣬻һơ
ķ֮ǰЩһ㶼һȴдʵӦ
ɱ˺ظĳһ飬ֻǴʱɤѾظҶŴ˽˴ҵİΧȦ档
֮ͬǰŮϸ磬һӺǺš
ĹżСӳʱ򣬺Ǹһ
Ӷ䣬顣
ԭͲĸʣһһظţϿڡ
ܿ죬ǿʼظڶʱ򣬵Ѿ˿ʼųԽԽԽԽ
ǽĸ泪ڲǺãδǹģǰ;õģֻһģֻҪǿһšһţ˭۲ϡ
ǻŬԼ˫֣ԼΪЩʧȥ˵ǣһõļңȻûԼСңǻдҡ
Ⱥ棬Ҷ۾ͨؿԱ߲ͣˮ
´ǸСʱ򣬼ǵǷô顣
ĸҲ뵽Ľ࣬ŵͷ
ǷµŸɣֻΪ˺µĸףȴôࡣ
ٶ룬ǸСҲǼסѣ·Щ衭
Ǹʲô
Ҳֻ赭д˵Ҫ˼£ɵ˼ҶѾ뿪ˣǶû˳һټ硣
ռ˼Сıˡ
ҶŲ֪ѵ˼ڼƻŴοݳ֮󣬿ʼȥĵط
﷢һжѾĽûϵˣʱո˻𳵣˱ȻͬĳС͹͡
壬˾ˣæĺذ
ؽӹĽеĶżĽЩؿǡ
ô¶Ǽ淢ʲôô
Ȼ˵ıΪʲô̫һ
ҡҡͷСҲæָյЦݣҡҡͷ
ûʲôһжͦõģǱȽϵ㡣ƽƽҲͷˡ
ô
Ľɵؿ˶ԷһۣȴûɶԾģֻܸȻȥȻͷеʱϸϸ鿴				

189̽

Ľ͹ڼֱ˷ˡ
Сһû¶棬ɹһȦ
úԶĽߣɿس˹ȥһ߱ĽһȣĽЦѡ
Ǹǽһ·Ѿˣ
ŶҲӳٿĽһȦС壬Щۡ
òһ⣬ûˡ
Ľ൹ǺƢشһ£ֲûݶһˣֲʺƨ޹չ˵ĺá
ȴЩ飬ڳϰ࣬Ȼϸϰαʲôʱչ˹ǣ
үӵĹ͡
ɲҾӹ
ĽС쵥λı༭Ҳÿ¶ᷢʣżļմ󺣺ҲǮƱ졣ǹڣдڹ˼֮󣬾ͳ˹͵ļȻҲһݹʡ
մ²ȥҲһвסģչ˺֮⻹ ӻӣĽҲûܣʱҲæʱ򣬸ӷˡ
ӣкӣһܽݡ
ĽˣþòһȦŹһЩʶأ
ЦһЦˡ
ĽգЩ˼
ñȽϿ죬Կ˰ɣӼã
Ц۾
úúãá
ǴŮУɲ˻ˣ ȥŮ͵ԵĹȥȻǻС׼
ŶûˣȥǼҳԷɣһ֡
ĽӦ
˵СǽַھӵģݶҲ߳Ľֱƣ֪һԷֱ֮ӱʾԼҲμӡ
ŶŶŶǲõģԼʳġ
ǼҶһְһǮ֮ǰ˲٣ŮѾǸʲôʦһںǸʦ̸ôܲˣôܲлĽࣿ
䣬ȥǶٷ֮ȥú룬ֿռҺҵĽͦĽġкóԵҼ͵㣬ҼкóԵ͵㣬һǹϵõȴһһ
ɷԼңôҲûкļ˴һƬһʱ棬ŬıԼԸŬַھӵĴͥԽ˱ͷÿ춼̵ġ
Ľ䴽ǣصص˵ͷ
ʱ˾ô֣ķ羰ٺãȲϼķ羰
ĶٺóԣȲϼζ
õģһùȥˣһԷ
ˣҽϸģʣһȥæ
Ǽһһ㣬һɱˣĽʱû취ȡ

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ǱߵĹѾĽûĶͽ棬֮󿴵һĻȾһĨŨŨЦ⡣
ڵʱ򻹲̫ԣǵ֮󣬺Ȼһһûֵģʻζһ̶ˮһġ
һ·Ľ˼ţմ󺣺ֱ֮ӽ˳Ҳ˹ȥ
һ·ôϢһɣ
ۣãûʲôöڳſճǼƣҲӡ
ǣʲôҪæô
Ľ࿴˹һۣҡͷҡͷ
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Ҳû뿪ڳſڣ˫ֻؿĽɴĶʧ
壿壿û¶ɣ
ĽҪȥȴֹͷſڣЩЦǰ˻ƣɶԷûʲôӦֱ㶵ؿ
һֱݺݵ˹һ£Էγѡ
ôˣôˣʲô飿
ĽЦҡҡͷ
վ˯ô㾿֪֪Ҹոս£ǲû˯
˸һ£ҡҡͷ
ոڿĽʱȻһ飬Լ֮ԻôϲĽԭ򣬹ƾΪԼһּҵĸоҵů
͹ڻһľͷ˵ϷЦĹڣ ̲סҲ룬һ˼׷Ľ࣬ǲҲΪ
ůģᶨģڲͬ᲻˿
壬ôôк˰ ôԲỵ˵ġ
ͻĽеĶ
Ŷùģ
ùã
ĽָȻһ٣Źǲš
ĸùã
ӦòǸùðɣ
͸Ľһ¡
ʵĽ뿪֮ƽϱһΣմûдǣҲûᣬƽƢѲ˷£ֻ˵Լֵģ͹				

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֮ƽûѩԼġ
ѩǵ֣˺̥ܶܶ࣬ǵ֣Ҳ֪Ϊ˵Բ̫ԾˣҲ֪Ϊʵĥģ֮ܳĬط˶ˣǾܾĻᶼ
ĽüĽšʱԼֲˣôֵĻƻᱻ߾ɣ
ƽԲ᲻֪ôڵĿģʲô
Ľɲô򵥵ʲôӻͷ𲻻Ĺ֮ǰ˵˵ĻŵĻˣ
׿Щ뷨Ľදذеʳһ£ûϢ͸ڵݶŶ
ڳ˵˵ҳ˵˵Ľļţܺġ
ؿһĽ࣬ԼûзֵﴽǣȥԺ
ԼϾʱĽ÷ɵĶ
壬壬ʲô
˹ڹ͵ԱߣؿǰĶҲ˹󿴿ֿͬ²
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ǵԼ޺ǸƾʱĽǸ˵ģһʱû¾ȥƷչվԻ˲ٺöȻһȻмĳˡ
ĽⲻһС¶⼸Ҿǹһ˸߲ҵϾ۲ͣĺҲ⣬ŴŶӵϱЦеֱ˵Ľ಻˼ȥ۶ȥԼƣ
ȿȣⲻǱȽżô´лĻһȥһȥ
Ľεرʾİһˣ뵽֮ǰԼʲôĺֶӣ־ãȥǶԵģһֵò̫أ
Ͼֲңϣ˶ϲɣ
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۾һҲܸӵصͷ
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ĽϲСӣҲûʲôò׵ģһֻǸϣһȺҲǷš
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ٵǲһ¶Ȼرʾں˵˵
˼Сոմôأ
ȴûνĽˣú׼֣㾴һߣҾһɵˣӸ顣
Ȼ˻ֻǺһĸ׵Ļ֮󣬶˵˽ĽĻ棬ֱĽʾԼҪռңŲҪؼҡ
ٺΣٱĴȴЦǺг
ֻǣڳԷʱ򣬴һǲĻʵĽ඼ȥ
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һһһʡȴвٸ֯Ҿַǳ
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191²


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û뵽ǣ;Ȼһľϲ
Ҳ˵Сǳڷģӻȫûм˻أ
ĽɣԼֱǷǧĲ֡
ϻᣬ˵Ľ࿴ŵ˿ĳ棬̲סҲЩꡣ
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һ׫дԼԺеĶͯԢԹ£һ߿ʼܽԼʵϰУҽҽ֮ͨ
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Ľ಻µĶͯͯ£
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ǣĽĸִضһʡ
Ŀ꣬˺ܶܶࡣ
ֻԼ뷨һֱûи߱ˣһֱͲСķϼ¼Ŀ֧ȻһЩԾĵط				

192

Թ͵ʣĽ˸£׻ǰԼĴг
Ҫ۶ȥѧȻⷿסҪһŴ
ؼ黹УӱȽϱˣȵ󲿷֪Ƕس֮󣬿ܷӾͲ̫ˡ
٣Ҹ㣡
붼룬ֱѿڶ
Ľɿס
𣡹壬ǮʱҲҪӵģܲһûаɣôҪǮʡ
ȴûоʲôϲʵģԼľĽģĽĻĽġ
ִҪĽֻܰ֡
ȲҪˣʱ䲻ǻŵôҪǮĻʱһ㣬òã
͵Ľ಻ҪҲŬ˵
ҲҪȥ۶ѧϰԵĻǻסһĻҵǮˣǰɣ
Ľû뵽ҲôģҶѧĻ˵ڵ۶ϣôһ״ˣεûܾ
𣬹ɻΪմ󺣴ȥϷˣɴ֮־ȻƽѩԼߵӡ
ͣĽڼô
ƽûȥİ׾ɫҲûɹڣСɫƤȽϽ֮ǰ˶˲٣˵ĵ
Ľ˵˵߳ţͼЦеس˹һĽţ˵Ķˡ
Ľ࿴ŽǰȻͬСȻ·µģͷ˱ӣϸɸɾģûж֮ǰģٸлɵһѩ
ⶼѩģ
֮ ȾͱһССġסˡ
ͷһƣƼС˫ıȣŴ۾ͷһܾ֮ˤ˵ģ
ĽЦõذ˱˻棬ͼԷָ
ҽ㣿 кóԵģ
䣬ͱ淸һ¡
ﵱȻкóԵģ㲻ٳˣ̫֪࣬ô
СãصͷȻְԼָŽ棬ĽС޹
Եģ ˣ
ƽЩ˼ǰһҪСĽĻӹȴĽܿˡ
ѩˣů͡ȽһɣүүӳȥϷȥˣһ
ƽϷɿػһĨϲɫ˵ͷԼϱš
ĽҲûйǣֻһ߸С·һǱߡ
Ȳȣˮˮôʲô
ƽѩһ֮ڣÿ͵ˮ߲ˣߣٵ֪Ľʱ򣬻ǰ˹
ӺرʾҪǴＹ
ѩһнϣų漸ߴߴ˵һץѹ
ԼŰʱɺŷ֣ʲôʱֻŸ׶Լ̶ѡ
Ҳÿ˵ĵߣһǸߣƲ㡣
֮ǰһֱΪԶԼĶԼͻҸסմԼûմ󺣰첻飬취
ֱһҽԺ淢Լưˣû취˵ˣȥմҪմ󺣽ѵһĽ࣬ȴĺµƽ˼ҡ
һʱ䣬Ѱһʱ䣬ԼƽͣڼɺŲˣ֪Ǹưͣƽ֮״֮Ĺϵ㡣
һʵȴ֣ΪĸףĽƵĳϣˤɹ̫˱ȵһȦ
ԭҪȥĽŲҲ̤ȥˣƽĴײʧģҲǣǲҪźʺԼԶķ
ǵĴǾȡ֮ҲûлƼҹû˵ҪϾԼѾûʸ֮һ죬ƽ˵ŻˣҪǷӣļˣҹߴƽռҰæ
ΪԼ֮ǰĴ£ȥĽ࣬ҲģֻͷɻͣظɻҪֲһλԼԲˡ
֮û뵽ƽȻôҪ飬ȻĸεҪӣǿĺӰɿƽ̱ڴϵģۣԼϵˡ
֪ǾЩҵģŹȫŭҲһԡɿƽһȥˣŸʳ̫ˣھֵķ֣ȥĲС
ԥҪȥʳʱĽ͹͸ϵ˼κƽ棬ƽˣԼ˻Ҫġ
ֻƽڴŵһʱ䣬ۿܵĴ׶ĸôŭͺǵģƽ֮ȻȻغ͸ĸ׷˼ҡƼ˵·̫õƽǣͲ÷ּأ
ǣҾôˣӣҲһˡ
ŬɻŬŬ׬֣ڼҸĵأֵ߲ˣżһ㡣Ӻͷ
ƽں͹ͺѣѩЩң㣬ѵɨɨҪ㣬תͷͼһЦմ󺣴˽				

193»


Ʈѩմ˿ûǰ꿴ôձտԡ
ӦöĽĹͰɣ
ǸСЩŮӦ顣
մ󺣿ŮеЩ֣Ҳû˵仰֮ͽ˳
ϴմ󺣺˵˵ЦЦ
ѩڽȥ²˵ЦԼҲˡ
ֻǡ
Ѿûʸ
ѩƽԱߣͱߵսָ
òã
ѩЦŵͷص³һ
ǷĴԼ
Ͳһ̸ۼҳģ˵ƽԭӡͲã˵˼仰֮󣬾û
һΣƽѩȥ˳Ǳߡ
֣ѩԽԽҺѩߡҲߵĻҵĺӻðȰǷҸǡ
մԥһ£ͷ
ȥɣ
ֻǣ뿪ʱ򣬿ƽʼѩ֣մжЩɻ
ıˣ
ĽҲЩɣ뿪֮ѯڼ涼ʲôʲôʲôĸʲôֹ֮ġ
深СĽ྿ʲôͲӵذڼ˵һ顣
深ȽϴĽôʣ
׶Է˵ʲô æ߾ֱʾǱһһÿǶܺá
ҲԱ߲䡣
ÿ춼ͷְ֮ǰǵģÿλҪǣŪóԵġ
ѵıԲɣ
Ľ࿴һ𽥱ѩû˵
ǳ극֮ʰʱ˿ŵĶ
һİż鲼ϣ˫ÿԼĴСͬ˫ѥӡ
Աߵ淼ʼĽҫġ
β˵Ľ࣬ԱߵմҲò죬ѩʲôʱֶˣ
ɿѥŤŤ룬ȷһֵ
ĽĬذеѥӵݸմ󺣣ͼ
۾ѥӽԼķ䣬 ûг
淴СöڿʯͷhighĽҲûдǣ͹ͽ˷䡣
˵һĻôת䣿
͵ͷ
ԼĽĻڹҲ֮ǰһϰϵɹȻݺȥϺ˵ɲĵС졣
ԼǳֿȵˣַھǿԼҲĸԼкֽȻͬζֻ˲֪
ĽҲû˵ɶֻŲҪˮڡ
մ󺣸ˣڽ죬ѩҪ˫ЩڷʴϽţױѩˮŪʪѥӡ
컯ѩƽִѩϽӺӣ滹һ⡣
֣ǴӽɱʱֵģһףԾ͸Ǵһ顣
մ󺣵ͷޱؽӹһ⣬Ҳûɫ
ƽҲ⣬ָĽл⼸쿴ӱȽ࣬Ž淺Ͷһǻؼҡ
һ̫ʱؼңһԼһ˳ܹȥȵıȣҪ˱Ҫ˱
ӵķӦܱʾһС
ƽҪǰװģĻƻԣںǰװģװѾ̵˹ȻǾԲװġ
Ľԥһ£סƽ
ڼпյĻԶ࿴һЩα
ƽһֱһӪģֻϧ첢ôԼ⣬ڻµµΪ
ƽüͷЩؿĽһۣصͷ
Ľô˵һĵ
ĽҲֻôһ˵δô£
൱˸߸ˣֵģѩƽãԼҲȥһĲ
֮Ľ͸մ󺣱ʾҪȥƲ
ҽԺĺúõô
մԼֹ
ĽЦЦ
үүҽԺҽԺ棬ȥĻ߶һģǴ滹ĲˣܶΪͥĹϵû취βȥɣ
ȻĽִȥմ󺣻ĹܲˣĽÿڳŵ飬Ҫմ󺣱һ£մһֵĴ
ðɣȥȥβҪһ߾һ£һᵣĵġ
ĽЦŵ˵ͷ֮󣬱Сš
տʼշתڸӸƲСĻһһҩӣǰҩץҩǴ󲡵ĻҪȥҽԺ
ԭ˭û¶ȥԼƲĽൽ˴ѸƣⲻƲ֪һƻķв˶⣬ֻһ㶼̣̾ˣ
Ӵ죬ǸӴ죬ܿ͵ĽͼԼӡ
ææŶؼңͼСѾһǵص˼⡣
˾ˣȼ˰ɣߣھߡ
죬Ľ˾˺ľ˾˽ӡ
ûһĻ顣				

194˵һ

ϲĽʱҪĽȥͳ˳˵˵С۵ĺûĽûӦ
û뵽֮ڣҲ֪ʲô취˵˳˳ǴӦԼȢСۡ
гϣĽЩ档
СЦһ
ĸһӣΪ챿ģ˵裿
Ľʱɴ۾
ԣӦòַʽɣ
ְ취ʱҪ˳ЦģԼľ˾˿Ҳôɫˣ취ģŶ
Ľ뵽һ³СǺεķԼ˽⵽ࡣ
ԣԺôƺ˵
˳ңȻˮ磬ַǳʶģʶģȫһ
òĽ࣬æ˷䣬һȦС񲻴һ
洵Ľ̽⿴ȴݺݵسһѡ
ʲôʲôÿģ
̸ֹ㲻Ȣϱš
ԣﻹè尡
Ľ಻ΪԼδŵľĬ۾಻ɳӣűӦˣ֮ӿ˵ô
ţ˽أøһĻ˼˭˵Ϊɥأ
Ľһѣ ޡ
ͯ޼ɣ紵ȥ
ĽվԱ͵Ц
ɲ˵ģı־ġ
һۣ̾Ϣһ
˭ҪڴϲֵøɥƵģΪĺ̫
ǸӼ˶֪һһ˲ٴףɶˣôܲ
ǸСۣ治ףôôħ
ԭľګĶӾȻǸ޻µʱ򣬱ʾСԼĺӣҲҪ顣
˳ð˴һ٣ҲûԷ
Լĺӣֱ⣬˼СﺢӶˣܲܲŰɣ
׶Ϊۡ
ĹôҪô
ԼҵĶԼ֪ǸС⣬־ԲԽ׳һ
ӦӦܲԽȽ顣
Ļ¾ǰˣ˼СͨĶֱʾ̫󣬹Ʋˣôűȥϱ˲ǣŰҰŵһ顣
Ľû뵽ԼĲ¶ˡ
ĻƻԿ
ũģʲôԶ˵ǸСۿǳĹǶһ˵źûʲôĲ𣬵׻ϲʱȡ
һ飬˭ѹԷһͷ
ĽȻЩԼţԺƼֺܶࡣ
ڲͣĴ裬Ľ໹ĸпӼֱҪ̫ḻʡ
Ľ಻ЦһĽš
ڣ˭
棬Ѿ˻һź·ƯƯģɬ
Ľվֱߺľ˾վһСٵ˸¡
СͦÿģΪһ˫۶úÿɫ֡
Ա˾ϱŨüۣΨһһ㲻žǣΪɹũԵе׳ʵ
ϱͬʱţȻⲻҪԱһ¡
ϳа취ǸϱžͦãҲ֪ôϼ粻ֲĳСĵģ
СҲȻûһݲĹٸбҵһֹŴĿզܼˣ
˵֮ǰ˻ܲϲžţǰЩӳӻ˵ҪСأû뵽Ȼôͬˣң˵ѾǸˣ
ļٵģѾǸˣ
⻹м٣˵һûҪôˣ
˵ȻѾǸˣԻ᲻Ѿ
˵Ůбһ۶žĶӣЦ
ȻΪʲôôҴҵغϱһţ
㲻˵һûз֣ӣȷе㲻һ

ԱŹӣ۾ϵڽĸϲǻţ滹˽
ãıȽϽ˵ССɻǶ϶Ʈ˱˵Ķ档
һʲô¶ͻûɵ顣
žھºѾĿתƵطҲת˻⣬ǾǲͣضԼĶ۷׷ס
žԭһĸĸʮ껵С棬ûԹ࣬ʱ̣Ҳ̲סˣ۾ͨذԼϵĺӺݺݵһקһӣҧŭصǡ
˵ʲô˵һ飿				

195²֪ô

Сû뵽Ȼᷢ飬ҲûԱ˵ĻԼɵشϱǰߣͼһĻʱһ
Сۣ
СȴĳСģ۾ŭصǰ˽ļˡ
˵ʲôб˵һ飿
Ů˽ץ˸ţϸһĨѿ
㣬˵ʲôأ˵˵ˣ
ǰǰ˵ѣô
ӶûأƢͦġ

ԭΪ˵ûôе㣬Ԯ֮ʹһһθߣԶԼĵһ
Ľ֮ǰͲµ˳Ժìܣȴû뵽ìô졣
״ɫһ䣬ɫ˹ȥ
Сۣ
С۽ȭͷַŭص;ָԼŵļھӣί
ĸҸѵûпǸɶô
ֱҪˡ
˵˲ĻҲܣԼ飬ѵñ˵
οǽ飬һСĽ飬С
סڣǣʲôָű׻ûһ
վߣӵǲ˼غȥȰ˵
ɩɣܸһӼƽôͻСأ
ɲǣĴϲӣɲ

С۾Ǽֱ̫۸ˣԼСѵΪҪ޽ңȻΪƾҵ ϰ޹ô
СĲ֪ʲôҲһֱŲ׵ϾⲻֻԼĻ񣬻ġ
ûԱıѾô
Ա߽ɩӣƢعȰ˵Сۣȴݺһơ
Сһûվȣһص˹ȥ
վŵģǱˣǱźӵķ
һ䣬Ҫ㣬ûȥҲɵˣֻؿŶԷԼ˹
ʯ䣬Ľ첽߹ȥԱһԼȥ
ΪСȻͦСģȴͦ׳ʵƥеģԴ淶ɹڵϣСֺݺݵѹϡ
Ľ࣡
Ľ࣡

ĽˤԱߵĳС壬СǷɿس˹˱ǸһĽӵ
Сս飬ȻĽ࣬ҲԼϱȥĽ࣬ҲæѵСո
Сû뵽ԼһƣȻ飬ʱɫһһ죬ɫ任
Ůǰĳ뻹Ҫѹ
ʲô𱰣ףûӣСûСӣʲôӣ
Աʼ˵ļŮ˶һۣڨڨ˸ԶԶĵطˡ
Ͼ˵⻰ôô˵ǡ
СȴãԼѾΪСĸô࣬޽֮ѵҪಹһԼôǾһ
Ժӻզ
ҧҧ
ߣûӣǼӣ飬Ҳ
˵һ룬ͱĳСĺݺݵסͣȵسԼ翴˹ȥ
СĹϵֻǿŭѵسŭĸ׵Ǹ
裬ʱˣǸϽ¶˰ɣҶˣ
һϱԺҪԼֱˣ
ģûмôġ

ֿʼСϱ߻̣ǳСԼϱòˡ
ʶ壡
ǿʼˣɿ˸ոƿĽࡣ
ô
һŵذĽ档
Ľͷ
û¶ûۣá
û˵ǣӦûУӦùˡ
ոһĵۡ
߰Ѻͽ䣬ǱߴҴҵĹŮıеϸģһ¾ͷĽڼװ
㰡㣬ǻ룬ţĺĴŻᱻ¿ηΡ
Ľ벻⡣
û¶ӣҪΪһС¶˱Ť಻ð
ԱվŵĹͽ˽ָ۾΢У
С¶
ĽģûС¶
۾ϲذصĳСģĿ¶䡣
Ů˵ܲסԼŮ˵ˣܶɣ
Ľ֣֮Ǳ߸ոհأϱ裬ִ˱ͣǼҴҵ濴
Сһת۾ͷԼҹŲˣüͷһšת˳Сһ¡
أ˵Ҫô
ߵķףȰؿϯʱ򣬹һһ˾ˣȻߴð˴ٸĿڷѡ
Сĵûô۶תͷ˿ҡҡͷ
ݿĽ˰ɣողˤˣ
Ľࣿ
һŮôô
ǻϱǺòã				

196˵ý

˵ý

ĽҶģжͦжģ֪ػģŸ첲ǸϿȥдˡ
һҽѵǻô
ʵ˵ǻ治̫š
ϾĽἺΪ˵ġʷ̫ࡣ
ҲԱ߱ʾҪչ˺ӣպýչĽ࣬Ҳ˵Լ
СͳСĽϵȽϺãҲͷӦĿˣ룬һӣȥϯȳһݣԡ
Ľ࣬ǸСۣǱĸߵã㲻֪ĸǰΪȢ˼ңͲȶҩɱˣ
Сһʲô˵ʲôӣԷʱûŶʵ˵˳
ĽȻ¶
ɻſڣͱСסˡ
죡ͲСˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
һ˾Ľൣģء
СͣЩġ
ΪԸ˵ô ĸ̫ȱ۶ˣĽ̫ˣȻΪԸ˵ô

ĽЩЦ
Լûôմϱ߶ɣ
ԱߵķҲǻ
ǸСС¶ĽⲻҲˣǻؼȽϺá
˵꣬ͺúչĽࡣ
УȻҪĽҪ˼
ĽЩ棬Լڵһ棬ʲô
ôʣҶ첻˵һԴƻ˼ңȴ·϶Թ̱ƹ
͵Ȼһ֪
ĽϢ˰Ե˼ٴû뵽֮󣬶ԷȻеĻͨĳСġ
ľ˾ˣľ裬ôˣ
Ȧڼ漸Ľʾ⣬Ҳܾϲ
ǵڶμ棬ҽĽ࣬㲻ɣ
СЦ߹ǵסĽ֣һģ
ĽбԱߵĳСһۡ
ľɺԼ֮ǰĲ̫һ
ҵľ裬ȻԽˣ
ǾͺãȻһľ裬Ȼ
ҲҪΪģ˵ǲǣ
㣿ʲô
ĽɻؿһСۣٿһľ˾ˣôôй졣
ҲСˣȻǴ¶
ĽĿɿڴ
Լʮߣڰɣ
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ԷЦеسһѾĽӻ֡
ģԷͥܺãҵһԶݡҽʱһ۾㡣
Ľ齩ӲؿСģ˵仰
ɶԷԼϵ۾ǺĿؿڡ
Ľ࣬ҲΪã
ֻ仰˵Ĳûʲô
ĽЦشˣϵЦһ㷺䡣
ôǲҪлһ¾˾˺;ΪҲأ
С۾µµһתҡҡͷ
ллϾҲҺôҺõ
Ľ൫Ц
Լò֪ľ˾˺;һ
׻ҪлģϾճգһдϡҺܺ棬Էʲôꣿ
С˵ĻԷһ㣬ãҲڸսʹԶܹ˵Щ
˵
СĴӽݾû̧ͷҪڣͱС
ۺݺݵšһѡ
СۼЦеģֳ쭵˰㲻
ֻýѣ˵ʲô겻ģҺͰҲΪã㲻ڼңҲûˣȻҪæ
˳Сһ£ԷǺͷ
ǵģ
ĽĲ֪ô˵źãֱԲؾܾ˶Է
Сû뵽Էܾɫ˲һ䣬֮ǼѵؼһĨЦ
Сżúÿһ¡ľ˾֮ǰ˵ҪѧǴѧôϵģҪƼУЩͥҲûʲǫ̂㣬˵żңԺˣ
ĽʾָģҪ
ʱ䲻ˣ֪֪֪ǳ
ڲæô
һ˵ı鶼˱䡣
С۷ɿؼһĨЦݡ
Ľ࣬úÿһ°ˣ
ӼСĵģһŮͬ־·һк
СģϱᣬƯ
û˲ϲ˿ģСЦеӦһֻʱЦˡ
ĽͲСˣⲻǹĽ˵ô
Ŀɿڴ
Ľ˵
֮ǰҲûǷƣΧûĽġ
ΪϵãҲ䡣
ԷĶİʲôģ
ռûŮˣھӵģȻҪæѰѹء
°ʱ䣬ԽԽˣС۰θ
еǸϵĹεĶӣ껹·أг
ţ üͷ
ĽӦˣ
û
СҪڣֱСۺݺקһ¡
ǵȻˣôõΪʲôԸⰡ				

197ͬ

ͬ
Ըˣ
ɣ
⻰ֻˣ ݶ˻Ҳˡ
ĽҪˣǡ
ݶЩûԼһ
ǰű˰ռ˵ףŮȰסˣŮ²Ľ뷨˵뱻Ƽ빤ũѧһԼ뷨Բܼˡ
⡭
ֱǰ·غ
ӱݶһС۵ĻҲûȫš
СһСװ׾ģЦģ۾µµֱתʵڲʲô֮
˵ԱĽľ˾˴ͷβû̧ͷ˵
ʲôèأ
С֮ݶס˸첲
˵ļٵģĽũѧˣͬ⴦ˣ
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˭֪ʲôèأ˵¾ĽǺƤۣ˵û취ܾҲ˵
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ΪĽá
մüĽš
񣬵ȷ̫ãǼûŮͬ־ĽڣڻҲУ⡭
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198ά

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ͻʻĽͷкϽϴֹԷ
šüǵ˵һ飬Ǿó֪
壬㻹ô˵һҪ˵ģٲڡ˾ˣľ˾ոս飬Ұţɼͥìܡ
Ľ໹лû˵
ʵҲҪٿλεľ˵˼ңĸΪʲôԼ
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Ӽ޹ͲôĵСųСĵĸ첲ڱԹ
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199

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СҪСۣϾҪָ߿ˡ
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ǼĲڸϹϰ࣬ĸдϰ࣬ԼҲڹؼǣǼ˵Ĵڳϰ࣬˵ȨˣҲ˵ˣĽûҲĽɷֲĽ޹ȥĻ԰Ūлָꡣ
Լ˵Իȫûִҿı˱仯
ǿɵһСۣٿԱ߾Ȼ΢΢ͷĳСģʱһʺࡣ
ԣڳСĽҲһûɷֲˣ
ѵ֪СĹôģԼֽĽٺô
⻹Ƕ⣬¿ﰡ
Լû취죬˵֮ദƻһɧ
ã洫ӵĿݺݵһ첽棬û
飬ܿ
ƤЦⲻЦؿСۡ
Ľ໹Ҫл㣿
С۰ڰ֡
ããϾѾ޽˳ңǳҵˣʹҲûĽߣЩ˲ҲðĽúôһô
ֱζҪըˡ
Ĵ
ԱƳСҲһͬģһ
ܰضһô
ͦģˣ
˳ˮ̴֮󣬰̻ڵϿ˿ģ̧ͷؿųСġ
Ҳôģ
СȻõıе㲻ԾԼҲŵͷ
ҺС۽ȥǼƣĲһʲôµģҲש߷ӣǼƯˣ
Сڵܵܿڵʱ֪ˣƫƫϾҪæС
ǵСտղԣæЦſڡ
裬ѾˣĽԶһˣ				

200ºö

գ˳ͼϱǴ򽻵˵㲻Ҳ㲻ᣬɴʱһԼˮ̴صһ
һٲҲСģ㣬˵飬ǻõʲôô
СıԼ׵һţݺݵش˸£Լϵ۾ЩΨΨŵŵ
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û˵꣬ͱԼϱס֡
𰡣֪Ľ࣬Ҳ۰СﲻߣҪչԼҪչղ˶ٿడңԼҲ˻޵ͣЩ˰æдô
С̧˲ﻰⶼΪĽá
˳ɫǺ죬صһӣԼĶŭĿӡ
Сģ˵
Сվ˳ǷѽίϱǺ⣬ҲǼҲԼΪɶ
ԼǸТӣӦ游ס
СҲǺģĽ඼ӦˡΪȷϣǲȥǼƵġ
˳ʱ޲һԼҶӡ
Ÿոս飬ѾѧؾᣬѧҶˣ
ٴһӣһ顣
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СŭˣԼ˵費ۣԼۡ
սɷ֣ǰһĿֱֱؿų˳
˼˵ˣĽ޹ȥĻ԰æŹԸǰ컧ڣڳĸҸĸ˹ԼҲйⲻô
С͵͵һԼҵ˵ȥҪˣæקקС۵䣬˵һ㡣
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ýҶڣǲú˵˵ҺĸѧУʶģĸѧϰã͸ȥϰࡣɵأ˹֮󣬰ѹøܡܲһˮƽܸʲô
˳ʱĸƢΨһۡ
ԣ˼Ǿ͸ССȥ
СһȻ
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ûסԼȥõ
Ľûش𣬷ڡ
УȻһҽڲмûʲôľýʱѵøҽԷﲻãҶǸмô
ը֮ӻ˻Σûιȥ
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СҲһתͷ㵵ؿСۡ
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С϶ٴ˵֮ɫɿرιȥ
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ǲԶô
ԶûѾþòϵˣҲ֪ʲôʱɲмİĽ࣬ǲŪˣ
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Ӿ;ͷۣſӡžһ°·ĿӸ
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һеģǲƵŮϣԼֵܵǲ⡣
ɶҾһ̡˰û³Ա˳ŵģҪԼŮԼǰ;
СԭԼǺ¶֪ǸмЩ顣
ɱСôһ˵ЩЩѿشͷ
СĲ˵С̲ס
ڡһվֱӣɴ۾ŭصŶԷ
磬ʲôŮǰ;֮ǰҲ֪Էһм˰ңĸҸԴ˵ҲкôôΪʲôҧǲɿڣ
ڻûзּң׬ǮĹֶţĸ˹ҲǽġҲ룬Ϊ˭Ϊң
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˵ҸԼҲܸȥøлڣú
ϴͷԷԼæ˳··ӣ˵
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·
ϴոտڣͱסˡ
죬˵첻˵꣬ٷ˭Ҳˣ
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ҲͲ˵ˣǴɩ ҽ磬ûΪһӣҲ˵͵ƫҲڴǼϴɣϴС
СģԺǲȫ˶ȥˣڼźǣ
죡
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ſң˵Ĳôҡ
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СɫǺ죬·ǹģǣʱҪ˶Щ˭鲻ҪǼҵҪôһ֣
˵ǶҲõôûԼң
ҧŴһܣԽ㣬ת첽ȥԼ棬óʱԼ˽Ǯ⡱ĳݡ
ҽʱҰѹǮǮǣʱǻϵǮ˰ɣ
ǰһŽᣬҧҧһĶԼһ
Դһˣ̧ͷСǸ߸̧°͡
ʲô˼
ɩ˵ǻǮôҲ˰ɣһǾǣԺԼ׬ǮҪԼš
ԼĸһݹʱǻҪԼǮ漸ˣƾɶ
Ųأ
㣬㡭
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
				

202ô

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СʱĽԳ
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Ӵ˹Ķǵġ
ϱվں棬е磬е顣
ŭģҪľòҪѾˣٿҩС˾ȥС
ڴһʱԱߵĳ˳ݺݵһˮ̴
Ľ࣬Ҫ鷳ڼչˣ
Ľͷ
εҲҵĴһչ˵ġ
Сļæ
ҵĴҵĴҲúľȥ˵׵ġҲ
ϴҲվ˳ھ
ҲдҿԹܺ裬˵˵ĻҲε
ңҸողӦܱģҡ

˾˿ʼͣؼԼ
ҲڨڨرʾԼˣԼﲻãﲻƣһƬ˳һҪϹҪǰơ
ȫ뿪֮󣬳˳ֱˮ̴˼ڣ̾Ϣһ
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֮ǰ˵Ӧ÷ּҵģ
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⹫ҵĻҲᡭ
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أô˵Щǲ㻹ʲôûǣ
һһ
Ȼû˵⹫Ѿ֪Լ˼
ľҲֻǱɱεġֻ˵ǼãǸѾʮˣһһϹӣⶼ⡣ڣϹ۵ԭΪǰһС˼ҡС︸ĸ˶ԷǮڶԷȨû취ѡ˽ˡǹһӲӣ֪֮ϵɱˣǹĶһŭ֮³ҹڷߵʱͱ˶Էһ۾
Ľڲ鵽֮Ҳ̲סЦ
ԷΪԼĲɣ
СĶأ
˳ԼⱲӿܶûô
ǿסȥϱ޴ĳ嶯ɬؿڡ
ԷһʵũˣܶùԷҲǹ˻ʣһģǼ˷Źɵ׻Ǳ˼꣬ڻûбųˣ⼸˺ΧٹѸŮһ˻죬֪滹һŮĺӡ
˳Ҳ˲óˣڡһվֱӣҪгСϱ֪֪顣
⹫ôżѾ֪ˣȻӦ¡ҿԷĶɣ
Ľ಻һ¶ˣҲһ¶ˡ
˳ǲģԷһǰܹСˣĽôԸù
룬ĵضĽŵʱһ
Ҫһ
⹫һҽʦ̻㹻ķԼİɣ
˳ôܷģ룬֮ҪСĽ࣬ڼҲȥ졣
ĽతסӦ
ȥѹʲô鶼ûз
Сȴû취û
ĸ磬ҲȫҵĴǵԼƫĲµĿһˮƽɩôô
СüͷĿֱĶԼϱ
Ǹм㵽֪֪
СǺҧŴŭصųСģֱ֮һתͷ¡
ĸҾһԳŮ
ȡŮˣ
Сһæ塣
С۵׷ɿػһĨ֮ɫȻתرס˳СģԼĴ˹ȥ
»ޣ˶ûڡ
СıԴԼҲе̲סͷסԷĴ꣬ûԼѾˡ
СǺСƿ˳СĵӣͣǽίųСġ
ĸ磬һôʱ䣬ѵ㻹ô
Сİͷҡɲ˹ġ
㣬Ȼġ
ô᲻СۣСôԼ
С۸жһѱס˳СģذԼԷࡣ
ĸ磬Ұ㡣
СıжԸӣֻܽıסСۣ
Լʵж֤
ڷĳϴ·ȴûôг
ƽҽ첻ǹģֻǲίѡ
ƽؿ·
ΪһΪԼ֮ǰôˣĹϵҲˣûˣеһжĽ࣬һˡʲô飬飡
飿
·ɫˢ׵ؿųƽš
Ҫ飿
˵ʲôΪ飬ʵҪ˰ɣΪҲӣΪһµĸ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ƽԭΪ˵飬·һ㣬û뵽Ȼô롣
ŭ·һۣݺݵһ˦ӡ
㰮ôôɣ
һ˦ӣһ뿪
·ؿųϴ뿪ӣкȻӿһͿֻš
ô죿				

203¶ڶ

¶ڶ
û˻ȥ·ô죬ΪҲԼĿ
Сգ㲻ҪģǷݹС壬Ϊ˼ҵҪС壬ҲΪСʡ治ҪʲôҲƫģС׬Ǯ˼һν飬Ǽ͵ʮǮҲСóġ
ԼϱìܣСŵСջȥ֮ϸԷ̸ġ
С֮ǰǼϴ󣬸˼󲿷飬Ըҡͷ
ûУûƫġ
Լã޽ʱûޣĵüӽʱ±ӣǮŵʱ򣬵Ķͬģûƫĵ˼
ûɩ룬ǾͺáĽ࣬
֪ĽǶ¶˵⼸ԵĸõģҲ١
Сռͷ
û֮ǰյС͹·ͳԵõģмĽ໹
ĽܺãҺϲ
Сŷһġ
ϣ˶ûô˯ţĽҲһ
ڶһˣϷ飬һؿʼ̾
㲻˯أĽ˵ˣúúϢ
Ϣ⻹ôϢӴˣ˼ˣӲ˾Ҫˣ
ֻҪ뵽Сۺ·Ļ޷СĳĬӣ;Լһͷǡ
˼˵ʲô ʲô
˳Ҳ˯ţ˵
ùԼˮ̴˿̡
·С۵ԹĸĽ֮˵Ļ
ּҰɣ
˳ĬΣ˳ڡ
ʲô֮ǰּҲ߸ҪּҰ
˳İĽ˵Ļ˵ֵû취ܣһιȥô죿
ΪְССҪġһûطסڶĸϱﶼ˸ѵԺ󻹻ᰲôУһĽ໻ǰ;أĽǷʲô
˵ģܲῼǣ˵Ľ࣬Ĭˡ
ôԴûϵĽʲôˣ
Сô궼ˣҲɵˣô
˵
ϱ˵Լ֪ǸǸмǲмĻΪʲôҺԼ˵ȥĽࣿ浱ɵôƫƫɵӾš
ߣΪ֪ô˵֪Լ⽫ƾͼƣװɵأϾ֣ܻݵˣǱˡ
Զʱˡ
ڰɣ
ող˵һɧѣҲڰɣ
̸۵ĽǷּΪ֡
Сһ磬ְС۴ӱڳȥɩǰæ
ʲôæֲ
ҲҪѧܲһֱɩɣ˵ﲻģ͹ȥһ£ҲǶҪ
СԱ߶СۻЩ̫Ը⡣
ԼȻûʲôҪȫŲҪ
ĸ磬ȥ겻˵Ҫּô˵ǷּҺòã
˵ģ˵ּ֮ôũ壬ڸĸ˹֮ĸԼĹʲϽһͺܿġ
ƾʲôҪԼ׬Ǯ˰
ҪˣĽ֮ǰ˵ôﲻմ̼˵еﻹͷּҵ㲻ҪˣҾ͵ûз
СüͷţСȴҪô˵顣
Ϊϵ飬ԴĶ磬
С۳ţ·͵СѾ˷͵ȴҳԷˣǻ˵
Žɩɩѧѧأûᡣ´һһ𰡣
·бһۣ˵ֻͷҷӡ
СոǶˣصͷӦˡ
ĽԼдҩݸСҪȥȡҩ
˭ûϵ飬ϵûһ
ǳС׻һ۶ȥҩ֮͵͵ȥ˻е췢˹͡
ĽҪ˵ģ
ͼǰĽ˵鲻ܵġ
ûУĽôҪ״ ֻ̫ˣĸӽ˻֮Ǳһһɩ
˵ʲôʲôҲ֪ǸǸмǰɣҪѵѵǣȻǻΪǼĽ˭ġ
Ͳؿһ۳Сǵͷ˵һţ༰Ļ
û㻹ͦѧʵġֶ֪
Сüͷ
ȻҲҿˡ㵽Ӧô
û˵ųСȥʳóһٷ˴ˣ֮ѰҸϵְ
´֮Ҳȥ˴һ˼ңϱǸϵġ				

204¹


Сϱû˵ʲô˵ʲô
˵¹ΰôʶģϳţ֪
ʧǵػ˼ң·ϼ˸кûܡ
ţȥĶˣ˵Ҫô
ĽɿӭȥͼıЩ֡
ôˣʲôˣ
СպûֱԼĸ״ˣҪȥ˵һҪϻһˡ
ĽԽ϶һʲô顣
˵Ҳʲֻܰ뷨Ժ
ϣСһ֪ôˡ
Ҫּҡ
ܷ֣
ǰΪϵ鲻ˣǴһٶУǧּܷҰ
ҰɣҰɣҲԸּҡ

ӶϱȰ˵ţûı⡣
С廹֪淢ʲô飬ĿĽϡ
ǣ仰һ˵ģĽ¿˼Ҳÿڡ
ԱߵС۸⿪ģֱҪʲôʲô֮ǰôּңԼˣĸܲ˵ʲô˰ɣ
ʵҾ÷ֿҲΪʲôԸְǸТТͳԵǮһô
·֮ǰΪԼѾ˳һˣٳͷϱһ˵ԼҲͷ
أҲԸ⡣
ϴɫһ䣬ҪԼϱ˵ʲô˳Ѿİ嶨ˡ
ôˣ
˳Ǵ峤ũֵطﻹھͷּҵĻǻᱻЦģڹ˲ˣϱոȢžֳ飬ּô
Ľ൹Ǿ÷ּҲԺǽԼС˼С㣬ֿǻԼԼӡ
Ҳͬ⣬ᱻЦġ
ǰᱻ˴ǵġ

ɲܴôȰ˵ڻͲ˵ִҪּҡ
˳ԼǴ峤ڶҲֻ˴漸곤տţ˳ط˼ҡ
ǮĽȫˣʣµĶϴ϶ķһ飬
Ҳͷһ¡
ССû飬ȸһס֮ǰ׬ǮҸȢϱˣԺȢϱĻǵôǮСҵĵţҲֲˣÿҸǷǮСмʳȫͷ֡
˳Լˮ̴ó˿Ѿ˵˿󿪿ڡ
ÿ¸ҺǮһ⣬С
ҳĬӦˡ
ܲӦôȻԺﶼˡ
˼ңɻסһԺ棬ܸоܱŤ·С۸ɾŶǶδΡ
ҳȥ˵ƷϾͿʼԼԼӡ
ĸ磬һڣҵһأ
Сæҵ˷ɳСĳһھˡ
ˣ㾿˶ΰ
ô
С۳һڣޡµˡ
ͰһǰķˣһίҲ˰
С̾ϢһεһˣŽˮȻûζҲѾˡ
պų԰ɣɩɩѧѧô
СüͷͬһسĲˣڿƻͨĴȻЩڣǲǲ÷ּҰ
·ʱˣǲˣȴû˳ԣƽ֪ȥĶˡ
ڵϱƽ£СջСҪ֮ĻóС
Ϊο

⹫ţԷɣ
ĽԼģȻƽʱҪóԵĶ࣬һŴӣ˳ǱȻģﲻζ
æѺӽѣ˳գСҲŲƴڻյǺ˲١
극ĽҩͼС˽
ô¶
Ľ֮ǰ˵һ飬Ц
ҷҪŹŷּңʵǣּҵĻԺңǻġ
ȷɩ֪Ǹ˵ĵϸ
ĽЦҡҡͷ
Ҷ֪Ǹ˵ϢΪһȴ֪ÿô
ĽС˵Ǽֵʱ򣬾;
죬뵽Ǹ˾˭
֮ǰȥ˿ǸϹΰ۾Ǹ˵ĸס
ĸѹ۾Ϲˡ
С
㲻Ҫܣȥһµġ
ĽȻƯҲǶƯˣΪʲôԷῴĽ࣬ԭʲô
ʱˮһ˼
裬ȷǸŮ˻
ΰüĸףһͷģƫƫĸЦеصͷ
Ҷȥˣǹأʮ磬ɿ˲֢Ҳѿͽһ¡治ϲĻκĲС				

205´


ԴС˵˹ҵ飬;⡣
Ϣʱ䣬ȥһˣֻǵΰҵ飬ұ֣ɫ죬֨֨صرʾΰǸˣҲܺãҲܺãʲôܺá
һҲˣǴҶ˵еˡ
ôã
ڿǼ黹Ȼȥʱ򣬾ͼһʮ˴˼Це˹
ͬ־˵ڵѯΰ֪ﰡ
Է͵һ̹лͦġ
ͽ£ֱԲ䡣
һֶŮҪͣ˵
ҵýţȹһ£Էһ
Ǵô費ҪҰæ
ˣ˲ˣҶ˵ͬ־˺ܺãҲܺơҵǾÿȽӴڶ⻹ҪֶŮԼźòС
˹һЦˬʵ¶һڽ׵ݡ
һճɾġ
͸Է֮󣬽Լ滹£ɿصг뿪
ֻǣת֮ϵıͱΪء
ԼµûĻոպԼ˵Լ̵˾ΰ
ԼŹãԷѾӵϢ˹˵ԼϵӰС
飬ȵҪ֡
Ľ྿ǿĽʲôܣ
ƺҲЩϳ
ĽʲôԱԷģ
㶼ŶԷĸֻȥμһ񣬾ͿʮĽࡣҪ֪ΰʮĽĸС˼ꡣ
ˮϡ
ΰŹԶȥıӰ̲סЦһ
ëͷСӣǸСң쳯ͽ˿
Ҫ˵ëͷС̫ͻ˵ûã
ҪǻԼ
ΰЦһתͷؼңҪĸ׼ȥһˡ
ǺӲռôȥҹô
˵ռˣסڳңͳ˵
֮ȥռңû
ĸҲǡ
ǸСĵĹ˵ôô˵
ҸȸţȵףʳƷ̵йĻԸһ¡
ĸЦǺǵһ֡
仰ҵҲ˵һ㡣ãСǼҵĶϱӦûվߵġ
ʵǸĸһݺݵİơ
ۡ
յңŸոݣͱ˳ȥ˵ǲ
ǼĽͻСˡ㻹ǳһİɣ
ֱҪ
֮ǰΪ˷ּң ϱ
һ㶼ûڣҪˣ
⻹ҪҪ
ĲŻͬȢС۵ģ
ҲǣǸŮ˸û֮ǰķĹϵȻҲһġ
㣬ҲҪһӰ˴ǼҵĶȻͱĽ˵㣬ʹ˰ĽȻ˸Уȴûѧ͹ΰ˻֮ҪǿԸŹҪȥѧҲԸҸũѧô
ĸɶʱԴ
ĽԼҶӵĲ飬űӺԺ
ң֮ǰѾС˵ˣҲ˵ĽѾӦˡĽİ趼ߣүүֲһ¶ģֻܹ㡣㣬Ϊ˺ӵǰ;δҲǿǣ
һ
С۸˵ʲôҹܲţĽ಻ޣҲޣٺãҲǵѡ񡣵㣬˵ôãǼȢʲôϱУ㻹ȥưɣ
˵ţҪţȴĸס
һ˹ţһţĸ־ôǡñŷ켷һ¡
ĽĶĸĽ֮Ҳųš
˻ûкã·ЩѾŶͼһɫףЦڨڨŮ
Ľּ࣬һ£ƣͷû顣ȥҽԺ
ӲĿڣ¶ԷԼҵĽڡ
Ľ࿴򿪵ķţٿֵĸ
ﻹ֪ʲô飿
ɬһЦŴװЩһ֪ģĸӣָԷȫļ顣
ӣ־Ǹոձһ£ͷû⡣ˮҪĨҩеۣסô
ĸǰֻ˵ĽҽãлʶĽôܾ
æҡͷ
û¶û¶㾡ŪҲ۵ġ
ֱݺݵس˼¡
ˮǲۣҩ۰
ʲôҩΪʲôôۣ
ĽϹŴȻ޺ЦݣԼҽҩɴִ֣˸ᡣ
һЩҩɱġԽ˵Чźأ
ĸľؿԼ֡
ô				

206


ĸö˶˵ȥˣȴֻˣҸӴΪԾ
ˣ
ĸһۡ
ʲôֶ֣ȥ׵ģֲȥܵģǻΪǵǸô
ȻһԲϾͶûŹˣΪԼһŵŮˣôЩ˶֣뵽βЩͷۡ
ΰĸ׵Ļ̲סЦһ
ŮٺãԽԼҶȥҽĺҲûжҺã˲֪һ㣬㻹֪ôСҪԼɷŪܲ˹¶ɣ
ĸʹĶͷ
һû˵ҹ飬˵Ѿ
ּˣСǷڵ飬޹ءôҲ˵ȥ
ڳڵЩ飬Ҫ
ɶʱ黹ҪԼԹȥ˵ûأ
ҲΪԼĶӣ
ӶǸĸծ
˵ȥǾͻ˵
˵ǳ˳ãǸ˳ƢӲͬŹأѾ˸ӣҲŲȥڶҪȥȥ
ü
˵׶Ů飬ǴүǶЩңΰ˵Ҳǳ˳ɣ
ǵģСҪȥСİ˹ôּңǷµծܲŻôЩ飬ǰǰڻţҸ˳ô
ĸ˸ۡ
Լ֪ͺáУʱҰһ㣬ȻǸй͵ģ˭֪Է᲻Ūǹ
ΰǲм
ҲܺŪȥ˵ôҶҾͲ˶֮󻹸˵ʲô
һ̡
ԼС
ҡ
ô붼öԷôưոݡ
Ľ࣬ﶼȥڳסţã㲻Ҫ㼸˾˲ôõ¶
Ľ಻Ը⣬˰š
ڼǼүүžУ͹ˣǶҲԣҪӣһˣҲô¡
Ľ̲ס˴ǡ
õġ
ֻǣûŵǣǸ˼Ȼ϶Լһôưոݵġ
Ȼգĸٴš
ε˵ԼԼҶף˵лĽԼ˿ںõúܿ죬һԵõģ±˲֪һһ·ӶûôŴӣڴǵע߽˳ҡ
㲻øлβҲΪҼġ˵֮ǰĴǿûҪǮҲûҪԵġⶫûȥ
ô˵ա
ĽԱߵϣȥֻЦҲ˵
ҩԼ֪˿ںõÿǿ϶ģȻԼƣζһ̫ܰɣ
Ͼ˲Լġ˽ءء
ţС˶Է˵
طĸһɫ΢䡣
üͷ֡
㲻˵õúܿôôۣ
ĸҲ֣ҩ֮󣬵Ͼͽˣڶ쿴˿ڵҲôÿһ¶۵ҪʹС
ĸ֮ǰҲȥ˵ҽԺ飬ҽĻ˵񾭣Ϊ˿ڳúܺãҩҲġ
ĸǿľ˵һ飬Ľ࣬ô¶
ĽôԴ棿
ҩʱѾµĸܻȥҽԺٿҲȵҽԼû취ĶȻ˵Լᴦãֻɡ
ڱʵ㶼š
˵ϵ񾭣ԻۡȻҸŪҩˮǺ컨һȥúò
ҩˮȻȽϺãе㸱á
ҩԻ⣬ĸݺݵһҪȳֹҩǿɣңֹʹҩ˺üƬҲЧۻۡ
ĽƢصͷҩˮĸȡʱͿϣ;ʹһ㡣
ҩľҲ˵ˡ
ĽЩҩǮյ㶫аɣ
ҪôѸߵʱСۼҴҵؽš
裬ӣ˰Ҹո˼˵;û뵽
˵ţС۾ҪĸȥԼӺú˵ͲöԷϽߣĸҲԼ˼Ǽһļɢ
С۰֮ǰҪ˿ôˣʱģǹΰҲ˵ˣȵ׵ʱ򣬸ڸʳƷ̵Ҹô
ôȻǺð
Сۼл
ּˣԺĸ׬ǮǼҵǮÿ²Ǯһѣǻܵ
ɵȳСĴӵ֮󣬺ԥؾܾݹ				

207¹


СЩ벻ͨ
ΪʲôԸ⣿ǣݹֻǳһŵģҲǹһʮǮأӶ˵ˣֻʱģȵףڸʳƷ̵ҸʽʳƷ̵갡֪˴ԴҪȥô
СתӣԼȥСۣҡͷ
ҲҪ֮ǰѾΪǵˣҪǽëô죿һǲȥˣҵ֮ǰҪҸϰΣĽ໹˵ҪӢҲȥ
СҪҲ֪˶ǳӲģǿѹеŭųС˹ȥ
ĸ磬֪Т˳Ҳ֪˼
ǲҪΪ￼ǣҲΪԼһ°ɣڽˣһ֮˺ӣѵ㲻ҪڳѧҪилڣУйϵӰæҹڹˣ㲻ȥô˼ҽ
СЩĶ֮ǰĻּҡͷ
Ҫġ
СۻҲѹסˣȻ
ôܳôܺȣᣬֵֵزУѾּˣҪôûй֣Ϊӻҷʳ
ǡ
ûʲôǵģ㲻ԸĻͻȥҰҡԼڼҺúѧϰɣҵҪĽģ˵ʲôʲôôı£ôԼŪѧأ

СԭҪͣ˵ĽһƼģǱĽҪúѧҽΪɾܾˡ
ɲ˵ϱѾתţᶼ
С̾ϢһشӴȥϱԣּ֮ճΪСʵڲ
Сȥݣ׼ĽŴζȫҺڣֱˮ
Ľ࣬ʲô㰡ҪҪ㣿
ˣллϾѾּˣҪҲе㲻̫áľʲôô
ܾС۱Щ̫Ȼתͷ˿
أ
һԼ趼ǰ裬ǹŽв裬͸ųСĽп˵
⹫˵ȥһˣһͻˣľ¶Ļһ
ǲ˵
ĽԼʥˣҲʥĸңһ߸˸Ǯ˼
СⷬڵͿͻɫɿı˱䣬Ǻܿ±˹
Ľ࣬ʵҵ飬˵Ҳһġ֮ǰﲻ˵Ҫĸһô˸ĸһݹţǲǸ˵һҪˣ
Ȼʲôʲô簡
Ľüͷ
ľ˵ǸˣӦΰĸװɣ
˻ǶԼӣܾ
ʱʼػؾȹô
ľ˾˵뷨ô
ǰľ˾Ƥ˼˵Ҫҹ˵˵
ŶȻĻ԰Ҫľ˾˹ȥ⹫˵һ²Уأ
ĽӺܾ֮ǰѾ˳˵Ҫ飬⹫Ҳӻľ˾ˣֻǲ֪ľ˾İⷬ˵˿ڣ⹫ô롣
ʧǿ϶İɣ
ȻԼѡ񣬹ҲҪɣ
Ҫǿ
СЦŵͷֻЦݶЩǿ
Ҫĸȥ˵һܾİɣ
ãͳ˳ͼС۴˳ȥ
мҪ˵һ¡
תͷһ۳˳ͷ
ɣ
ֻǵС۰ѻ˵֮Ĭ˳Ľһ˵ҪСԼԹ˵
Ҫһǰ;Ķӣһǰ;ԼҪҲӲŶԷţˮǿͷһףϡ
ңô࣬ͲҲȳСĸгϢġ
СԥҪôС˵û뵽СľȻֱӴԸͳ˳Լ뷨
ȷҪȥϰࣿҪĽ㲹Σ
СԼϵ۾ͷ
ǵģһֱڼҶ飬ҲѾˣѧҪҪƼҿ˰ɣ
˳ЩĵظԷһڵĻᡣ
ˣ
ȳ˳˵꣬ͼ߹ȥսС۵֣һжģ
ݹС۷ķҵģҲ롭
˳û˱ӣֱһָ档
͹ȥϰȥǰۡ
Ȼ˼ңסһԺ棬˴˵õ
·ʱ
ϰࣿ
Ҫϰࣿ				

208ѡ

ѡ
ϴؼҾͷԼϱЩͷ
ôˣ
ƽҸո˵Сϱ˸Сİ˹ҲȥʿܲܰҲһݣ
ƽüһ˷ģ·
˭֪Ǹôģ㲻ҪǰվôεġҾ㣬ĵøСҵʲô㶼ܲ֡
ųϴ뿪ӣ·Щĵضţ룬ѷ˷Ž֮תͷȥ˸ļҵӣﻰⶼڴ̽Ϣ
СһֱԼʹ˲һ޹ҲΪϲСģȻԽСɩڣЦеͷ
ĸǰѧУѧϰãʦأڳҸǺ飿ң
˻˵ˣȵʱ򣬾ŪлڣʱܳƷˣ
˵־˵ϲ˵·ĽǼʡ
һĶӣΪʲô͸Ķ飬ǼϴѲǱģ
ѹһӣڴˣ˱ˡ
ҲҪ泯Ҳµء
˵ҪԼúϢú壬ôصĻô壿
϶ϱڼӣİװֵġ
ԭΪϱܹԼֵһ㣬˭֪ϱôҪǣԺ˵Ҫ˼Ҷա
ԼǴɩֱҪȽ̶ˡ
ƽǱȥݵġ
С˵Ҫȥϰˣô
˳ˮ̴˵ͷ˵һ֮ϴ
ϴûԹǣҲ˵ĽСĹġ
ƽæҡͷ֣ һ𾪵ģ
ˣңҲңҪҸɸУҪģңҿܸɲ
֪֮ͦġ
˵ˣ˭չ˵
˳źݺݵһһôຢӣиʶȤġ
ˮ̴һ
ĽҪǲΡ˵㲻ϲ顣
˵飬ƽһŶ˾ԸµظɲٻҪȥһ顣
Ƕǿ϶
黹ǸǼɣңҾˣһ̤̤ʵʵֵˣ
˳Ҳûǿ֮ſĽ࣬ҡͷ
ˣ⹫֪ĺ⣬һǽࡣôŬһ
ĽЦ
ҵģԺ鷳
ǰҶ泯ʳٿ۶˵ɶһһˣһʱȵĲ
Ѷ
Цһ
ҪǸ֣һᡣ棬ʮ궼ˣҪһʮŮǸҿô
Ľ䴽ǣô룬ֻ˵ⷬڿԼģ顣
ţֻ˵˵ѡԷɣ֮һȥҼ˾أ
Ľӽ쿪ʼʽʼ˾˲ΣӢ
֮ǰѧУʱ򣬾;⡣
ǾȻûӢΣ˵ѧӢǸʱ帴٣Ǵ˼룬Σյ˼룬һСľҪȥġǵû߿ҪӢģԼ˾γѾϰ˺ö࣬ӢﻹһƬä
ʹҹҲҴҸ˹
ȴ26ĸʼѧǺƴӢĸa
һʱ䣬˶ʮĸĽʾȣеѡ
뵽˶״̬Ƿ˲١ټ˾ԼΣȴûС
СԭΪֻǲζѣĶ
ôѣ
ƫƫʵʹһ
ģѡ
ֿڵʲôľУ
Ľܻ࣬ܲѧһ°ңΪʲôҪѧ͹еĶҪѧҲѧﰡ
ϾԼҶ壬Ѿַˡ
С˾ˣ㲻Ҫô밡룬Eô˶أӢأԼᡣȥʱ򣬶簡
С۾һִ˸ָ
Ҳǣ
ʱԼԸӰݵߴﹾ˵һģƻǡ
£Ľ࿪ʼֹѧ
СԾԼˣһ±˵ãѧϰʣѽ׷Ľ
ء
СӴ͹Ͳ£˱žѧϰ˲СЧ
һԺסţסʲô
С
ССС洫Ц̲סЩĶ
ʵȫң顣
ǣڶ飬Լȴ
ܿ죬û˼ˡ
Сϴѩ࣬˴ԼС˹ȥ˿ᣬ
ĸ磬Ҫӣ
СԼů ԼԺͷʱһߣ§Сۣѹ˹ȥ				

209


ĹȻѾҵˣСȻҪȥϰġ
ǣСҲҪСһȥ
ĸһ治㣬ҹȥĻ԰æչ
ĳ˳Ը⣬䷢ģһǮġ
ü
ȷҪȥ棿Ҫ֪Сȥϰ࣬׬ǮҪˣڴǹֵĻٻеʳȻѾ˼ң㲻ỹҪǸǲɣ
Сۻû˵Сļæҡͷҡͷ
ġԼȥϰ࣬Сڼҡ
СüͷõؾͶųСġ
ĸ磬ô˵˵ҪҸһȥġ
ŲҪµظɻŲҪũ壬ȶûУȶҪˣңѾ˼ңҲɻһȳС֮Լ۸أ
һҪʲô飬ǧ˵Լ˵ˡ
˵һǧһ򣬳СĻûͬ⡣
ȻԼڳϰˣһŵģÿµĹʲŲʮǮ
ԼٳԳססҪĸǮʣ¶ǮҪϱԼȥԿ֮࣬ǰΪѾĸ˹ȥײ뷨
С۾óСһ㶼ԼԻȥ֮һСŶҡСļæȥ׷
Ľ࿴һϷתͷڵ⹫ţǾ֡
⹫ŲȥȰȰô
Цһ
ּˣСڵԼ˵ЩˣǽԶġ
һô˵Ҳˣ˳ҲĽ¶
Ľֵɣÿ쿴Ϸ̽ӢżƲСӹú
ǰǣû˵ǡ
ż٣ СĴС۴ӳеĻһˣֺӣư㶼һ
塣ҽܵģ¶͹չȥôԽ˵ԽͶǼ
һ˸壿
֮ⲻھƣ
˳ı鶼̫ÿֻгСľʲôûпһ
˳⡣
٣СģҼǵüѾֹģĿȻҪȥͣܵô¶
Сû뵽ԼԼӣǺ죬Ρ
嵹û˳˼һǺЦŰԼ·Ķ˹ֳų˳߸ߵľĴָ
ǳϸɣ֮ǰ˵ֻһֱԵüС¶еǰɲ͸ǴһôҲҪϸ㡣˵ϸϲ̣רŸһǮ򲻵ġ
ĽվԱü
һ̣
Ĵֱʡ
ң˼
˳ɫһ䣬ҪܾĽȴһ̸˹ְ˳˳档
⹫˼ҵܾˣүүĶţʡңϲôһ̿ɹһӵġ
æͷ
СТ˳үӡӵİɣ°ɣ
֪Ľʲô˳ԥһ£˶
۵׻һĨ⡣
ҪҪ
׻˵ֶ̣˳¶֮Ҳû֮ǰôӲˣ˳Ļͷһûһ˵Ż
üͷѯĽࡣ
⺢ӣʲô⣬㲻֪
ĽЦеҡҡͷ
֪ʲôʲô֪˼ǿˣĶ˿ŵģһ̶˵
һһ˼ȥ˼ݴŶǮأ
ôܣ
һ֪Ľں˵˵
Ҳʲôǵãˣǡ
ĽŴǣЦеصͷ
Ѿһ쳯Դ飬˭֪Ҫ紵ĵ
үүҵա
Ľڳæµһ֮ͨҪСѷ˶
СĺСԭּ֮ǷֿԷģΪ˿ˣҲһ
СǳԹĽģԹһΣһ
ˮֱĶǰķˣ޲ֱӶӣǳС˼죬֮ǰľګģЩϵظĽĺգ
ûԱԼҵѾڳɹ׵ɫ
ĽνϾԼֻҪһܴóҲǾرԶ
ɴһ¶Ľ˵һ¶
˱ȽĽ࣬λ֮ǶĽòˡΪʳðǿ涼źŵġ
Ժ޽ȿκöӵĲֿչ˺öӺȫңҪ̫
Ľ֪˼ƻЦ̫á
˳Ķ˵кҿԷĽĸ֮ǰ˵飬źεرʾûţĸ
ڰ֣̾Ϣһ
شɩӵ飬Ǽǿ̫ż˿ڵֵͦģ֮ǰһֱ˵̫ˣȻ˵̫ˣȥЩûƤ

Ľüͷ壬 ЩЩΡ
ôǲҸҩãǣʦҵҩ⣿⣿
Сӵֻֽؿһ𣬿ʼתȦȦɻͽꡣ				

210Ҫǽ

Ҫǽ
ԣǰվŵģһֻҽֻˣȴûκξСѾͷѣûд˵˵ôа
ʲôйϵʲôܴйϵĻܶ˸вȥϴѧôܶ˵ɵԼһô
һ̶Ǯ˲֪˳֪ɣһ峤յĶСˣ
Ľıַһ飬۵׷ɿӹһĨڱص
Ľడϣ˵ӳԻʲôôʲôҩĴԺӣһԷķôã˾Ͳóˣ
ĽתͷؿŶԷ
˵ôĲҵĴҵ飿
ͷʾĽĹĽźݺݵһָ֮Էǿ̣ӡ
ΪӣҾҪ̰ Ȼ־ͲˣԲԣţ
ֱĽûʲô¶ɶԷ˵˵ѳ
ǰԲıУȷܲû˵ôãǼҶҪҲߣҽܺúչ˶ӣ˾ͺá
̫óԵĽǣԹɽ亣ζҲԳˣһ·гؼңȥģһˣصкģͲסڲˡ
ĸеΡ
Լռһ۵ʱ
òײˣҲܰԼɷȥһռңȥ˰ô붼ù졣
᲻ǸѾͷɵĺ¶
ᣬûôһ˳軵СѾͷѡǰûָоˣĶһӵˣѾͷȻĸûߣɳڿɶõúܡüһôһ̣˵¾ˣǱˣô
Цһ
ң֪Ǿʲô㣬ɳ֪ܲô
ԣĽڳҷǳܳ衣
ǾУҾ͵ǸСѾͷ۶߯࣬ʱ뾡취ŪҲֶӣȥҽԺУ
УôУЪЪͺˣ
ɵڶ죬ûãҲˡ
ڶһ磬ԣֱӱȥ˵ҽԺ
θװǲǳʲô
ڳҳԵĶҲûⰡĻ˱ԼԵĻࡣ
ǲǳԶˣֻ̼Ķࣿ
룬ͦġ
ǣҺҵĸɡ
θ̫ܳԴ̼ʳҪҽԺҺס
ΰӵϢϵҽԺ˸ĸ˵ĸֲɣ̲סЦһ
֣裬մȴۡǾôɵô˵ô컹һһġ˵ֲȥһΣͱ
ĸһۣ׷ܿõԷеľ֮ɫ
˼ǣǸСѾͷĹ˼ҽҲ˵ˡ
ҽ˵ҽ˵˵Լ֪ô˵Լβã֪ԭ򣿲һڶѡţǸС֮ԸôĿŵض֣ȫΪҲƶҽǻΪ򵥡
ҡ
ôõһСֶζѣ̵ƿҩõ۶˹Ҳ鲻үү
ĽЦЦ⡣
ҪΪԼΪ۵Ĳô
ţֻһʼ
˳硣
Сһ飬ǲҪ֤ݣ
һ¾СϾҪץҪҪ㣬顭
Ľ࣬죬Ҿ͵Ķȥ˵ǲʸǼңҲҪʸǼҡ
Ļ̧̌üͷû˵
ֻǣĻôưոô
ڶգûгȥңûմ󺣵ǧĸϵ˳Ҵ塣
Ҫȥг˳Լմӭ˽ȥ
׼ҹĽģ
մҡͷԼ˵һ¡
ԭΰԴȥռңֵýַھӶ֪ˣΰҪĽദ
ʲôҲȥռңô˵Ӧô
մҡҡͷ
ĽǺԼĴ㣬ôӦ
ǼСĺϱҲȥĽ˵Ҫܶ¶Ҿ͹һ¡
մ˵֮󣬳Աơ
ˣĽأ
˵ܲ٣ܲٵ
үүôˣȥô
ǶڳҴ壬մԼһڼңһ̹
˭֪´ˡ
մ󺣵ĻĽЦЦһƶ
ˣҪǽˣ
ǲµڶְɣԲҪˮˣ
ãԼҲøĥ䡣
һһһ˫
Ҫƣ˿ԼϾĸԼһ飬ûдǵ˼ɼһߡ				

211¸

մ󺣺ܻţڣԷûθڡ
ӴˣϾ͵˵׵ͣĽҺڴԺզ죿
ң֪СǷܹȥģҲûԹġ
Ǹΰô󣬱ԼͻҪôܸĽദأ֪֪Ľ࣬ǲ֪أΪҪŮأ
֪ƽԹһ£ҪҪͿ
ôͿ
ô룬жپʹһζ
˳ΪŮĹϵûٽӼλ׼ҹճҲԼƵλŶԷлˣ䣬ȷСĵĴ
ģǻúôġĽҲǵŮôβܣ
˳ɬغһڲ裬ȴĶζ
൱Ŵ
ƫƫֻվԭ˼ҴС
ǣմҪߵʱ򣬳˳ҪСȥմͻؼңҪСĻؼһˡ
СĵѾϾŵˣ湤һʱѾ֮ǰǶһͻʣȻ̫ԡ
ôˣ
Щ֣﷢ʲôˣСԶԼл
ôˣ㣬㹤ô
ðȻⲻһݹʱڵĹҲҪá
ҲñƣԼСС۶ˡ
˳Сϵ־;ŭһӣָŸϷŵĶ
죬ⶫȥһˣѶȥǳһڵŮĵزСôҪǵûǲܲĽ˳ҲһˣҪǳûˡ
СüͷԼϼΰ
뷨ǲеƫˣĽҲ˲ôΪʲôܴСҲΪĽãǲѾ۹ôҵͬҳȥϰ࣬ҲǴӦôôڣ
Щüͷų˳
СʱǿҪ̵һҪ˵㻰ʳԶʵġ
ĽԱżֱҪΪľ˾ֽо
ľ˾˳ȥһʱ䣬
ܸ¶ΪͳСķֲ֮졣
ĽȻԼֻͣһӦƶˣҲڶάԱԹۡ
ߣǽҪ˵㻰ʳԶʣҲ̵Ū١ҲҲУͲҪˣֵذɣ
СĲˡ
ƾɶ
ϱŸԼҵĹ
Ҳȥ˭ΪҺСڳ湤Ǹ߿һۣҲйʣҺòҵĹò׺ʹһˣҪһҲӦһǧһӦ
˳Ҫֱһӣһ
Ҳܣȥϰ࣬Ҿ͸Ͼӹϵ
ۿŽ˾͵ǽǵļ˼æˣȰ˵óСͬ⣬Ŷȥһˡ
ѾͳȥĶջĵ
סԺĸҽԺ㴲ֻһΰųСĳȥԴһ֮ƺƴذѳСĸ˻ȥһȥģбȴ߸
̱ڴϣһͿĶӣ˳Ҳü
⣬ô죿
⻹㣬ڶһȥԼݵʱھĽĻ⣬ﻰȫʵζ
ҵģ㲻˵ǼĽ̫Сˣ˵ôȴԭûЩССҪĽ޸˰
üͷһ壬˵ĽʱΪӸԼûͬ⡣
ô֪¶
ԷЦһмػ˻ͷ
Լ˻±֪ɣҪ֪ûв͸ǽֹ֪ˣʮҲ֪ˣ
ûһ˼ңĹĵظĽ౧Թ
Ҳ߯ˣ
Ľһˮ
ţţʲôС
беĽһۡ
㵹˵úҲ룬Ŀʱ޲ȥĻɱҿޣ
ĽŴǣҡͷ
ޣЦ޲ȥðͿԶԶ⹫ˣ
һЦˣԺϹŵҡͷ
Լż
Ľ֪˲ֹǣĽװ裬Ͳỹôˡ
ũ
죬ռ˿ˣ˵ĽĶ˳·Ĳͳġ
üͷظԷһˮĽڻ̫ϷˣϾŲ󣬾Ѿ˶ˣ֪֪֪Ҳ֪ǶǺǻԲǱ⡣				

212²Ҫ

ԱߵϣŶЩСӣϸϸѯйĽ⡣
ԷҲһƱģΰЩ쵰¶Ҳΰֻͣ˵˵ôôã˵˶Ľ࣬˵ҹϵĽŪһѧƼȵȣôô˵
ӸĲũ֮󣬾ֻĽһ棬ʱվҲԼҹŮ˶ίô˵ˣͦġ
һŮһӿͶ̥ĽһͶ̥ûͶԣôнڶΡ
ĶĽôãڱ۶ԡ
ܿ죬˿˵ϢҲĲĶ棬Ҵҵػ˼ңͼǰ̸
мһ̧֣°˹ȥưѯʶԷʲôˣʲô
ɲǵü滹ôһŶݡ
˹һЦǵֺ̣õذѸոյĻ˵һ飬󻹲һʱը
ʵҲ·ҲרһˡΰҳʱǧİңһҪϣ⼸ٿƱݣһ⡣Ľ˵ũܿˣŶಹһ¡УѾ˹ϵҪǴũŪȥϾĽҪģΪĸײںӵĻϣĽһܡ
ﻰȫΰôĽãôĽģԱߵĳôôδŮҲǣԼŮͲ˵۹ȻҪԼõöࡣ
ƳһԱߵĲĬذ˵ĻøǣԼȥڽ輸ˡ
Ĳѹرǰǧ˳ĳȻӣոչҲ۵ģô˳ۣȥεƨǰԼϲȡ
Сӣ֪Ķѧ˵㹷ƨĶһ޸ һ޸ǸԭǴҶˣ֪ʲôʱȴũܻӭһˡ
˵ԼδŮģôǻõ˵ʶԷΪʲôΰԼݷã˱ˡ
ģٲȻѾԼ뵽Ľɫ档
ŵǺǺЦ˾ΰΰȢϱ̬֮ȣһܱΰŪ
ӸĲΰæ
ϾҪ뿪߹ϵ¶ͲܹܵģΰοǴѪˡ
ǰΰԵ˵һ飬ǰΰȡøС
˼һѴдЩæҡͷʾ̫ѵĻˣȥˡ
Ĳؿһۣõؿڡ
˵˵Щʲô ֮Ϊʲôܻȥ˵ˣҪȢĽ࣬ҵŮŮĸʲô鲻Ӧõô
пڣ˵Ҳȥ
һĻԽúЦ
ռӣܼôʱ䲻飬֡
ϳԷʱæһݻˣǱʵĳͰӵĲҪö࣬ǿѾ⡣
ڳԷʱ˵ĻСĵؼ֮ѳ˳ȥ
ɩ˵ĻҲ˵ǲģĽǺӣҲ֪˶Ҫˣܲ˹ôУ˴̾ƣһܹŪô
˵ЩëǺͰ͵ġ
ǣҪﰡ
뵽֮ǰ˵ǷֵЩ˻Ľ಻
ô죿ҪҪĽ෢籨ٲȻķţ
롣
Ȼǲ˵ҪҹϵͶ뿪ôǾȻȥƣǹϵǧҪתߣһĽһѣĽƳԲ궼öߡ
̾Ϣһͷмؿݡ
ݣллˣĻġ
ϣĲڴԼؼңҲõ߿ˣһ˺͵⡣Щ˿ԼԼܻؼңǻҪũԿۣʲô˲
Щ¶ԼϵŮԼģŻȥ֮¶Ҳɲסˣȥѽ̾ƾƿһһ飬Խ
ճž洫˺Ů˽üͷÿһۣͼԴԴڡǣ
ʱ統ͷȣԼͷһƬԭ鲻̣ǿ߼ֱӴţ˳һ仰ץűߵĴɨѣֱӳǴ˹ȥ
ôôҪ¶				

213

콨Ǳ˰ҹġ
˯õʱ򱻽ѣ˭ῪģµλĲһ
Ľ˲ԴͶұúкһĲ˭֪Ǹϣ˵մ˻һȡ
Ͳˣû뵽Էô¶
ҴҵĴЬϵطͷֳͷɢԱߣ߻ΧһȦĸŮȰ˵ʲôǱݱ˳Ÿ첲ŭǰš
վŵм䣬Ĳһд˷ŭͱĲм
һĲ;ͷۣ콨껹˹ȥ
ôˣ
콨Ĳɫһ䣬
֮ǰ;òԾŮôãǲǺܾ֮ǰѾˣݣҵĻôɩһȡҸǣָЬˣӦȥν֣ȥǹС
ʲô
˵˾Ĳں콨ԼҪҪġ
˲֪ԼΪʲôÿζɵĹѵĲԼûôٲϲĲҲ˱ȽɵĹԼͲ
ҲǣͿӣ˵ΪԼΪͳвϵԲġ
콨붫Ǳߵĳڡһվ۾ʹǷŭضĲ
Ĳ㹻ˣƾʲô˵вϵÿʲôԼ֪ô˹͸ϴ·ź㣬ôˣƢûиĹ˵ʲôһҲˣƾʲô˼Σݣ
һʱǶչ˰
Ĳ˵ֱģɥĲ
ô
˵ǺڵģһеҲǺڵġ
ôھôȲظͷǽΧôǺǣһ͸ˣһҾȥǣҸŮϵҪǶԲ˶ߡ
Ҳ̲סˣֱӻӿԼˣ˵ԼҴ˹ȥŶԷ·ӣһȭͷݺݵشϡ
һֱǸ磡
һȭͷΪɩģô꣬߸ƺ󣬸ָƨɵĻôôôôң
һȭΪδģ֮ı˶飬ΪĽֶ㼸չˣ㲻飬Ҫˮ㻹ô㣿
һȭΪĽġ㵱ףأʱָ𡭡

һȭһȭشȥһĿߣԱҪܵͣס˽Ų
˵಻λ飬˵˭֪Ĳжã棬ÿĲȡֺ˷ͻʱ򣬶˼ĶǵǸͶ
ۿĲñף콨ŽݣְǸҽ͡
ⲻֵ֮СìܣλΪأ
ҷɿصͷ絷⡣
һǿĲһҲΪũĻе󲿷ֶˣһ콨ũš
ݷſĲĴŴ
֮ǰĲ̫ˣ ԲĲ޿֣ôһжʲôǶԵģԼǸ磬Լ˵һжǶԵĵ̬ԴһС
ĲǸҪˣڴ֮ͥ±ܴܵˣϺܹⲻȥǴӵָ֮ݿʼ
ؿĲһۣĲƿڴͷ߹ȥ
ɩȥԴϢɣ첻סĻǿԻӡ
һסԲҰô
ϴɩȥĻƻҪĥ
ۿѵس˳ǡ
ˣȥϢɣû¶
ݻǲģ콨Ľ£ס˸Դ
ĲֱҪըˣƫƫվߵһ˶ûС
һ϶û˯
տʼЩԽԽΪʱӳϵ˿˯š
ǣȵڶͷĲ׵ģǱʹһһ㣬ɲô׻Ĳʼ˵ԼǰԼ֢ײϡ
ҲˣҲ̫ϲĲŽһԼ¶Ҫ뿪ũ
ȥ֮ȴԼũ¶ԭԭظΰ
׼ûɶ׶
һĴָ
ΰЦһӸԷ̡
Ǹıꡣ
˲üЦ뵽Լռҵ¶ֿԼҺѡ
ȷҪȢǸС˵ѳ̶ȣ˵׵Ǻһġ
ΰüͷ
ǸĲôҪҪǣôĽӦ޸				

214Ů

Ľ֮յ콨ĵ籨
ʱص籨ǰǮģ൱Լࡣ
ĸܣš
򵥵İ˸Ѿ㹻Ľ˽һС
Ľ࣬ΰİһô죿ǲڼңǻǿǻˣ⡭
һ;鲻ףû˵꣬˾Ѿվ
Уҵȥ⹫
Ľһקס
ţôżȥôҰ
ͣ˽Ų
⻹ǡ
ԼͲŮռңƫƫ֪Ĳ䣬ֲŮĿధһʱľ档
ͬˣô죿
ô죿裡
Ľǿû˭˵һҪ˸ģ
ϱûк͸ĸԵ֣˵һҲûأϱӲͦôңⱭѾôƿɰˣ֪ˡ
ţҰҪҼ޽ңô룿
붼û롣
ô룿ô룿޽ô˼ңôúãûס裬Ҳصޡ
Ľ˴ǡ
ΰǹûиҲԼ޹ȥ
ԼЩ˶ѾһȦˣҲӦó˰ɣ
ƫƫΰֵʱ䣬ҪĽΪҪ١
֮Сһ͹Żææس˳ҡ
㣬㣬и˵ҽ򣬻˲ٺóԵĺĸǡ
Ľڼ˾˱дȽϼ׵Ӣ̲ģԷֽͱʣѶϣЦ˳ȥ
ôǽô
ͬʱҡͷͬ顣
Ҫ߽ģʲôˡǲŲҪߡ
ǵǵģ㲻ߡ
СһֱӱĽĴȣһһߣĽͲ뿪һ
ĽСһĺףûڣſڴһͳ
Ľࣿ
Ļ̌΢Цͷ
裬˿ˣʯͷȥòã
Сһԥһ£תͷһϹһֻ۵ˣٿԼЦĽ㣬׻һͷ뿪˼ңߵſڵʱ򣬻ǳŶԷһ
ΰЦǺǵ߳ȥǳЦ̵Ľࡣ
߽ţԼǰõĶϡ
ҵĵһ㶼֣
ΪʲôҪ֣֪Ҳͬ飬ȰҵǸ㶨Ȼװ趼ˣٲңе˵ȥ
ΰŭЦһ͵Ľࡣ
Ȼ֪Ҫʲô
һҽյСȻԼȻеССϲ
ĻϸٶྫҲֵõġ
Ͼͷ١
أȻѾųҵ⣬Ӧ֪Ҷڱصá
ڱصã
õĺã
ô㲻ΪҲ֪ĺʷɣԺŮ˳ҺɱôкűҵĴȿźҵô
ΰЦЦ۵
ҿԱ֤ᣡ
ôҪʲôֶȥ飿Ǯ򣿡
Ľкΰǰһ׿ˮ
ǺþòĺһദǺг
棿ҪԼȥ
һˣôԼֻںѡУҲĻҪʲô
ΰˬʵЦЦ
ԣôȤСߵһģ˵ûɣ
Ľҡҡͷˮһˮ
Ȼ֪ҴҲһҲܵġϾ˭ҪһΣշһ𣬶԰ɣ
ΰЦݵ˵ȴܿ϶سĽҡҡͷ
һܵġϾʶʱΪܡҵһ졣
˳˳ҼֵܺһؼңȴֻּʣĽһˣֻϷŵˮʾŸո˽ŵࡣ
Щţ߹Ľ೶´š
أûаô
͹˵ûŸ
֪ĽҪǹǾΣչ֧
ţû¶ǹѡ
ָָŵģȹصĶ
ôͶ֮ǰ͵Щûлȥ¿ôǺð
һѶ;ԼԴۡ
Ľ൹Ǻܵرʾ˼͵ģǾͳ¡
ͳ˳Ľ̬Щ֣ɰĽİѶԷ͵ļѼȫ˲ˣҲֻεؿŵȻͷǮƱ˼ҡ
ĽûаѶ˻ȥ뷨ϲεʱ򣬰ѹͺͳС˳ȥ
˾ϴԴ쳯飬ٲȻѾ˹ͬˡ
壬С˾ˣ˵˵ɣһʱ䣬Ƕ鵽ʲô				

215Դû

ͺͳСһۣ鶼Щء
ǲΰ˵ʲôˣ
⻹˵ôҳʲô飬ǲæְɣǾ鵽ʲô
˵ͺͳСͬʱҡͷ
ûУˣûȻ˵㲻Ը飬ǻȥʲô㿴ǲҪأ
ǵģˡʱ䲻ˣǺúѧϰɡ֮ǰ˵ûӢαҪôôˣ
һ̸ܶһתƻ⡣
ĽϵЦԽԽŨ
ȻǲԸ˵ǾͲҪ˵ֻûзңмбҪһ¡ΰΣգѾ鵽һͣ뿪顣
Сɫһ䡣
ȥˣ㶼鵽ʲôˣԣû뿪ңô֪ΰΣյģ
ĽҡͷܳСô׷ʣǲ˵
Ϊһû취͵⣬˵Լػһӣ˵Լԭһӵļ䣿
ܣ
ֻһһ
ΰˮģĽಢһ򣬵ΰ飬Ľ໹Ƕ֪һ㡣
ǰֵĶɴö࣬һڰĩڣΰΪ٣ɱˣ̰ܻߣ˽Լ˿ڵȶԺ
ֵĶ֮˶Ϊ֮𾪡
ԭ֪ϢҲΪڱֽϿ˵ţΪԷԼһϼҵģӡ̡
ɽĲ֪Լ˶ԷۣȻ׷ʹ
ǰЩĽҪһ˱죬ҪһͣȻİ취ײֱ塣
ͺͳСȻһ÷ɲɣˣ·硣

ǰڵЩƶһĻأ
룬Ӧ㿼Ҳ
ڶһ磬Ľ˳СĳӺ˳ǡ
壬þò̻ô
ãôܲãİ̥ҩÿҲķԸǸ͵Ůˣ
˵ЩЦݾѾֵ˶ˡ
Ҳһɵӡ
Ľ֮ͰѳС˳ȥָ֮ԼǸЦ
²Ҫ
ʵ˵ϲĽࡣ
һߣһɣԹ˵ˡʶʱĽƣɺŷ֣ĽԼƣԼĽĹ⡣
ڹʱ򶼽Ҫ⺢Ӻһ㡣
壬һæ£
ɵȺĽĻ֮󣬿Цõҡҡͷ
ʲôԼһæԼһæ
ǡ
ǸضɽҡѾȥһˣһ֮շתҽԺҽģҽģҽʾû취
Ѿˣ¼˵ﻹһϣҪȥҲܾˡ
Ͼʵܹϣȥõȴ޷ܵľ
绰ͻأ
ԼνԷЦˡ
Ϻôпң
ȳˣӸתְѾɹ˵һߵˣôҲû취ܣ˲ڼš
ʲô˵ģ
ŵ绰ֺȻ˽Ϊ仯
˰Σص³һްضŵذ壬Ц
һֱ꣬جεһ꣬ѾҵȿԸԭˡǽӵҸĸĵ绰רŹοҵĻͲˡ
һ۶Ц̵СǸпΡ
Ϊʲôң裬Ľࡣ˵뿪۶ʱûȥ㣬ΪԼѧղԲס㡣һʦҽоһ飬ԹԿ
ھ֮࣬Ǿϲ
˵ĽϹĵӡ
˲֪ϹʲôɵϹڵ۶ֳķ粨һӵ֪ô¶
Ȼӿϣ
棬ô
ЦЦ
ҪҪҸƱ²ģҲǳɢɢģô
֮ǰĽ뿪֮СҲƹ
֪Ľಢһ޵ķʸˣһЦ
ӣһһƱ𡣻УĽ࣬Сɸ˵ˣıĪĻóԡţͳ
񣬺Ҷϵ绰ȤؿǰС
ҿɸ˵״ѾˣβõĻɱҲŶ
ĽЦеҡҡͷת˻⡣
壬С˾λϸɵʱЩˣûлȥѧϰһ£
Դû
ԺȻ뵽
ֲأ
ĽԼҲϵڣȴøԼ				

216¹ԼϹ

ԼϹ
֮ͨ󣬺Цһ
Ѿͷôô⣿ϵ˵һͺãαء
ĽЦü
ûҪĹϵôңǮףѻⶫ˵Ҳ˵ɣҲþһ졣˵ҲȷҪκòģô
Ľ̹Ȼģɵͷ
ͬĽ˵
ɻȥ֮ô涼Щζڴҹȥ˯š
ҪҪ˯ˣҰ챻ǸСħͷû취ϢҲҰһô
еŮƢı꣬ǰ׵Դӻ֮Ǳһһ
æظ˵Ǹ
ҲԼе֣ǿѹٵ۾ѯʺôˣ
ֻǵ˺˵֮ҲĬ
ȻǵԴҪԴûͰѴͷβĿһ飬ģġȵҪæʱٻ
Цѡ
Լ룬ӼǺӵڣʲôʱǷ˶˼Դûǵȼ۵ģÿθҪǸĶöࡣ
ٸ⡣
ȻҪĻͲЩҪϡҼǵĽ⹫һ峤
۾һ׹볣˳ͣҡͷ
ͣҲ˶ˣ
˺ôҲ㿴Ų󣬲һ˼Ҳ⡣
Ҳǡ
ʱ䲻磬۾ŲӲҪԼ˵ǸжΣٵĸ첲
˯ɣҼأ
˵Ļ𳵣֮͵߻һСͲЦСѣġ
ϺĽأҿС˵ˣʱ򣬿ĽԽӴġ
ֵؿһۡ
ʲôʱСϵôˣô֪
Цһɷʵ̹Ȼ
㲻֪ȥˣȥĽࡣ
ҪԷʲôŶԷϵ˫ȣʲôû˵ڡ
һ˺ܿ쵽˺ҡ
һĵطһӺͲʽΨһ
һģԼĪˡ
һǹͣһǳС塣
ͣչˣˣ
Ŀڹϣ۵ǾȺͿȻ
ֲλ֮ǰʶĽֲ࣬ûĽάΣԭֻΪĽϹͽܰɣ
ԣͣ͵Ľߵģ˴һģ
ĽҲʶʲôæԼΪɲ˻⣬˰ƽ˷棬Ҫͷϵ
ϵòóһûзơ
Լ޷Ӧ˫ȣûڡ
̱ģǺɵģôģ
䣬ǰҵǷݹܴģһӵδƺˡ
ܲ˵ȥһ£еҪһ¡
ҲûзسţΪĽҪԼ£ڶô롣
û뵽һأĽ˵ȴһ¶
㲻Ҫ
֪
ֵȻˡ
ĽһԴԼ鿴ʵȻһڡ
Щ飬֪ܵ˺ҪȾ˵Ŀڸ֪ҪСöࡣԣΪܡ
ںĿĽࡣ
͹ʲôϵȻάԺ㷢һιϵƭô죿
Ľ䴽ǡ
Һ͹ĹϵڲսһԷĵİԼĺ󱳽ԷĹϵһιϵƭӦԹģӦԼôԼϹԼʶ˲壿
ڱʾĿ࣬Ȼ
Ľ˵ĻҲȷ
ԼϹʶ˲Ļôϵƭ
Ľ֣µĵͷʾԼܽˡ
ſˣ漸
ʲô
ǰǰʲô

ĽЦЦ
ӦûģǣҪҸҽԺҽúоһ²СΪѧҽʵϰģ֪ҽòýӴ
ûľ飬ʦԼһףǰҽԺʵϰʱҲûô֡
һ֡
ģˣ
ĽЦŵͷӦ¡
Ҳ֪һʯͷĽķ̫óԣһ׷˳Ծ
ȤȥҪʳѵģȻǼҿ
ڰٵرʾߵʱһʳѵģֻĿȴĽϣָ
Ľ˼Цһ
ô죿
ҪĶǮأ
ˮ
ΰڼҵԼջ񣬾ͼµ˼Ҵҵš
ɫһ䣬æ嵽ſ߿˿С
عţѯʶԷô¶
ԷĽ֮üͷ壬ϵսƷ˲ˡ
˵ĽסҼ滹ˣô£ôԷʲô·				

217¶


˵˽϶Ҳӡ
ҡͷ
֪һС͵ռҵģƺеǣҪҪ̽һ£
ν̽һ£ҲҼС죬Żһ£ԷķӦ
ΰȴãĽӾˣ һִС
ʱˣһΪҪԼ֪ѶˣҪԼһͷ
ôˣû¹˭
ΰ뵽ǡ
̽ΪʲôҪ̽ҪȥռңΪ˼ռˣΪ˱֪ɣĽԺҵŮˣɩӡɩӼ˿ˣæ㵱ȻҪȣ
һ£ô
ô֮ΰСܣԴΰá
ΰ˵ٺЦŵͷ
ԶԶԣǱǱ
ǣСʱ֮ĽԼҼһնӵˣԷ滹˲ʱˮϲˣгɿӵ߲ˣ
ӲŨŨĵط˵ԼĽĶͶģںܺ档
Ľ࣬㶼̸ˣǻ͵İɣ
ĽЦе䴽ǡ
Լ֪Լʲôʱһ󣬲ô𣬸Ǹ˵еĶ㡣
ӴΰʱĽ˵Щõšü
ŮˣԸȢĸ֡ˮŮϸż޸أ綼ûҪͿһСѾͷƬӣ㻹ĵġһ;ˣʲôԲ飬ңһĲ㡣
˵ţӻһϵڡ
ȻǸȳȵģԼȱһֻ۾
˶ǲмˣڿͱԼ磬ô˵ų
ֻ֪֣֪ų
Ҳ˲Ծ
ˮŮ˶ϸż޸Ǹν磬ԷȴĽࣿ
ӵ˿ѾСˣǸνġ硱ж
ĽװһҪС߸ŵСˮ߲˷Ž棬ЦеشȤ
ԭżû߲Ҫк
壬ȴû뵽Ȼ壬Թ˿ƻôǵƻ֮ģóԡ
ҪȰ˿عϺóԵĶࡣ
ĽĽҲǿˮֱһȻȻصͷ
ҼȻңȻǿ㡣ʲôҳʲôʳġ
ĽЦЦһۣ֮ƿӽ˷š
뿪֮ˮתͷС
С˵صͷ
ģȥ顣
ĽٳţѾСӰ֪Էȥˣ Ҳ˵ֻЦظڽһԼϹƻ顣
Ҫ̿Σ˭̿Σ͹ô
ǣҲǣ
ĽӢǴʼģż
һǶӢ簲˵Ҳӽ˽ȥ
һֻǸϣһȺҲǸϡ
û뵽ĽྐྵȻӢһ
ĽķӦܵЩѻ˵ˣʱԼΪˡ
ʦûȥ֮ǰ̵ҵģڼҲš
ڲš
ôĻ̵ͺͳСҲˣ˾ҲҪ
Ľ͡
⹫ȽϲˣС˵˵ĻȻȻذ˽ֲܸ˳ȥ
ڹĽһ֮ʣɵϿĽΪ˱дĿα֮ǳһ
СʱҲѧӢģʱĿαʲôӣ
һ¹һЩ˵С£СԻ
ĽȴЩǳԿó˵ġ
һ滹䣬ľӣҲƽԼõġ
磺Էôһ⡣
˵ʱ򲢲ôãһ굽ͷڹʱһ⣬Ľһ䣬ÿӵˣμǺþá
ⱾȫİӢ顱£ҲʱѰˡ
ֻԽԽã֮ǰӢﶼѧˡ
տʼʶʶǺ棬ԽԽʶˣ˳µģĽԼ
ҪһѧӢ
Ľ൱Ȼӭ֮
ҪܣôܲԱ
ڣǱ֤ͨеԷʲôҪͬ⡣
е˰ĹͷϣȻ˺
˴磬ллڳңĻ˵Ѿˤײͷˡ
һŹװС˹Լļͷ˹͵Ļ棬ؿڡ
ְͷ˻ȥ
ˡס˲ң֣ҪлĻȥллɣ
Ů˻Ҫ˵ȴڵĻᣬ˵гͷߡ
濴һĻ˷׷׳ʹȤ˵飬Цһ
˷飬ûݷ飬˭Ҫ˭Ҫȥ				

218µ׷

׷
ǰڳʱ򣬹Ϳһġ
Ů˾Ǽϵģʱ˵վ˸֣Աߡ
֣ȻȻطסŮˣɹû뵽ܱϡ
ΪץεġٷһΣҪȷ֤ݵĻ˵ֱȥǹжԡȥðգԼһС۶
ǰǼ¶֮󣬹;ҪݺȥŮ˵һС
ݺﻹΪͿ˶Է˾͵飬ԣŮ˽ѩ÷һԲڴһĲԵĸ磬ͻСĵܵܣһϹĸףһҼȫǮƱ
ݺﵱʱզֱȴ
˱
ûȥҴ壬ҵ˼ѩ÷ĺѣһٷ֮󣬴ʲô˵ʲôѩ÷ĸѩ÷˱ˣ˶Ǯ˵ˡ
ȻѬ죬˵б۶Թ˲סǸ˵ѩ÷ɻǳŰ࣬ɵصԼĻ档
˼ˡ
ĬذһжûзȻѩ÷Ҳ̲סԼˡ
͸ӸߣֳһţӶʱǰ˳ȥѩ÷һʱ䶼ûС
սԼеͷЩż
ô죿
֪Լûãʲôͷ
뵽Լ飬ѩ÷ɫٿذ
ףݺݵش˸䡣
Ҫ
ҪٱԴˣⱲӶҪ
ѩ÷ôˣǲǷʲôˣôɫô
ѩ÷ܱԼ׸ҲΪȷúãȻһ;޵ģȴԽԽζ֡Ůڳ棬ôûаĽߣ
ǰ˾֮һ
¸磬ңû¶ֻǣֻҪлһ¹ͬ־ѣҲ֪Ϊʲôô
Ů˵˵ţͷӣ䡣
ʵϼ˵ϣһ⡣
ˮŮˣ޲ð§ú۰һƫƫ˲Լ
һ֡ŮȻˡķߺ
ҧгݡ
ѩ÷ģһΪ㱨ġ
ѩ÷Ȼ̴̧ۣ۾ǻ˵һ㣬Ȼųˮ
¸磬Ҫ㶷ģ¸磬Ҳø˵ЩҵĴҵĴ
ˮĿֱѩ÷ͱһڹ͵ķߺһ㡣
ߣ˭˵Ҷģƣ
뿪Ĺ͸֪飬ֻûȥϿΣ֪ܲöĽིĶһ·ĹڷҲһϰʱ򣬺ݺݵһ
ĽӦûٸڽһǰ֪ʶɣ͹ڸѧϰʱһ»ȥѧϰһ鱾
ùû뵽ǣڵӢҪĺ̫̫࣬е˿ա
ң ڵĴҲ˾ӡ
˶һûУ
ڣͿٴģڸֹС
Ľ֪飬ƻЦΡ
ˣмѧԨԴģٲȻǸ
ЩԲˣôȥѧЩʵĶ
٣ЩũǶΪġ
콲Σѵʶһ¡
ԭӦһµģǵȵĽ࿪ʼҽһЩ﷨֪ʶʱֱˡ
ʲô
Ϊʲôܶ൥ʶĽིԼȴȫ
ĽüͷԷãȻ֪ģֻ̾Ϣһ
֪ǵӢôѧġ
Ҳ˵ѧӢ飬˵ű˵Ӣ
ǳ֮󣬾ͼһûֵСɫصس˹
СϢûж
ڸ磬ĽӦô죿
ã
üͷ뵽ĽıԵĻлȥĽú̸̸
ĽţҲûĨǣ˵֮ǰѯʡ
鵽ˣ
¶һĨ֮ɫĽڡ
ԣ͵ıɡ
Ȼ鵽һΰ飬룬鲻ô򵥵ǲǣ
򵥵ĻֱҺ͸ˣαҪԼӵ۶ϵУ
ǰҪ˲ô
гʱ巢ӡң˵ľϲ
ʶľãĽģǾϲֻǾš
졣
ϱͶӹ棬˳ڽӵҽԺ
ѾҽԺҽкڡ
ĽԭΪȻźˣ˳û뵽ĲͳȻǰˡ
ΰĲ				

219²Т

ûĴӣմͬ־ֵӯ
ǧغϡ
Ľûñ齻̸ĸӣڳϡ
ϴμڣ˺öࡣ
ûչһô
Ӧð
ԷڸԼĻ˵һ£˱ȽʡĻҲ˵ũòλİæŪũСٶ
ԣͥӦø˲Ŷԣôɫ֮ǰ˼֣
Ľᵽ콨꣬ɫٿȻ˱䣬ǼһĨЦĽòãûʹǸΰ飬Լ飬㶼ᡣ
Ľ֣ʱǸոջǲżҪĽͽ˳ԡ
沢ȫϸİ棬һ棬ܳЩѾܲˣû뵽ȥ֮Ĳ⡣
ûôũЩôЩǸͦ͵ôҪ۹
Ľ౻Цˡ
Ҳ˵ΰǲԼ󣬾˵ҪΰҲһƴǣƾʲô
ƾʲôҪа棿棬ǰź⹫ӼãҲԲϣοһһκһүү˵ũԿԼ͵͵ܵǮƱͣ﷨ԸԼȥڼô
ҪԼͷʺҲÿԸԸˡ
Ľ࣬Ҳúýѵѵ㣡
Ĳ˱ӣſӵصһģĽŭ
һģֱˡ
⺢֪ǣĸһģ
ѵңƾʲôҵģҵģڻסҵġŶȻΰҶ󣬵ܻҲΪҡҲнѵҵʸ񡣡
֣ûʸ˭ʸ񣿡
һϵص
Ľȴɫ
ĽЦһĵŶԷ
ôһ죬һΣһڳԵģһںȵģ
Ĳһģڡһվ߸ߵسĻ̌֡
ֻûдͼԱߵĳһĽ໤һ߸ߵ̧Ĳüԡ
ĲҪɶҪǲˣʹ򡣡
ΪҲҴô
бʹ򰡣ɴˣ
㡭
ĲӼֱûˣǰΨǴӵģҲ֪ʲôʱߵŮ˱ģ
Ϊ˸һ
ԣ
뵽Լ׽ĳ棬ŭָų
飡Ҫ飡
ԭΪῴʹعڵԼҪĳ棬ƫƫ˼Ҳƺõľ籾ߡ
һҧɫһ䡣
ã룡
ʲô
˵ĲĽԱߵմҲþȡ
ΪĲŲһеص׷˶Է¸ոµСȥũչ˵˽ϵؽӼռҡ
ΪģǵõĲһô
ڣȻͬ飡
մ󺣲ΪʲôϱĴ¶ݱȻòͣرռôӼе㶪Ҳʵ
˼ҸʳûĵݶǴñ
մ󺣺ݺݵظӵıһơ
˵ʲôʲô鲻ģĽõķ³Է
ĲҧԼļλԽԽˡ
Ů˵һŻԼһǵġ
һҪŮ顣֪ʲôũʱ򣬱Һ˽ᡣ
Ľֱչˡ
ĲȻɳ͵ˣ
һ
ռѪǺûҧгݵصĲ
Ĳ㻹ҪҪ
ĲЦһ۵ϴűʹ졣
㶼ҪȥˣҪҪҪ˲Ӧɣ
һ䣬մһİصĲϣΪ֮һ
ĲŵԼ׵ǰڼѩ֮⣬ܳһˡ
֣
Ұ֡˲֪ʲôˣɷֶ֪֪֪ܲ񶾵۴ȥôˣô£ҪҪˣµĺǻҪҪˣ
ӣТĺӣҹȥ
մĿⰵؿĲֱ֮תȥŴ򿪣ޱؿĲ۵Ķİŭ
ǸȻҲûТĶӣϸҹ
ĲԼҵٿŭؿĽͳֱһ˦䣬һתͷ뿪
߾ߣΪԸס				

220д

д
մԭַֻʽĲϴѣû뵽ĲȻôǿԼ뿪ԸǸ
˲˼ĹЩΡ
ԲҸոٶ̣
û˵꣬ͼմļ
ⲻĴҪ֣ҲҪԼ޷Ľ˷԰ɣȻһˣңϢһ£Ҹ׼㶫ȥ衣
һ仰ó۾ͨһƬ
ɷʹ֣ɹάм
ǵģũҶ֪Ĳ˵ĶУɵ׻ǼܲסЩ฾ڱ
ҽǷǡ
Ľ࣬㲻Ҫְ˵ôˡֻҪ֪ǾԲǲġ
Ľ൱ȻΪͱʲôǣɻǣǾũ澭ʲôóĲ̬ȷһٰʮȵĴת䡣
ûû¶ϽԷɣ
ĽٴЦһ뵽Ĳ滹ǳġ
Ҫô죿
Ľû볣Ҫô죬ں棬뿪˼ĲҪô졣
˸ڣ˵һԼųš
Ľҵ͹͹ϵݺǼҪһĲȻ͵͵
ˮϵϵĻǾϻҪٸˡ
⣬ĽָһǮ
Ǯе٣̫ȣˮȡ
ݺǼæҡͷֵĽǮջȥ
Ҫϴ֪ǮͷʰǣĽ࣬ģ齻ǣˡ
ĽҲûнذǮ˻ȥҪǮҲлġ
ʱĽͼػŵݺ
Ľ࣬ȥǸùüǲ֪˵ʲôŭøø˸˳ȥȻһŭ֮¾ȥˮԭģ뵽ĽǾͻˡ
ϾǲˮˣԼĵ̶Ҳ顣
Ľмظһ˼ӣҪûؼҳԡ
ǮݺǿܲӣĽǴҹϵĺãȻܾĽǧл֮һ̶뿪ˡ
մ󺣴֮ͲͣתȦȦ˻겻ģĽĲȥΰ˵֮һĴȣȻŭ
ô
׾ȥţԺʲô飬ҪĽôˣ
ҲĲԾ֮ǰĽʱĽȥˣᣬѯǸΰǸʲô
Ľû˵ֻ̫࣬˵ΰȳС˰˾꣬ѾѳҪһҵܵܵϱܵģʱһرʾڶҪȥΪĽָ
ĽЦеվԱ߲˵
ǰôԴԼȷʵԼû˵
ңǣ⹫ˣ⹫ŶԼôãԼգŮ棬ǲһЧ
ҿûչܡ֪Ұ˸ʦѧ˵ҽ⼸һҸҪȥܻ
Ҳǲȥˡ
û̫࣬ŭȻһ֡
ȥæġأԲί
ϳܵʱĽ˵ĲĻڶֻĲԲĽ࣬ԼҲԲĽࡣ
ԣʱֲһǸΰ
մĽġ
ʱԶˮĲ˾ΰĶ
ΰ֪ĲͳڵݻʺϳĲǰҪȵٹȥû뵽ĲȻԼ˹
磬ҪҪ˴
ΰüͷԼһģӣЦһ

ĲɩӵĵôĻͨ·ӣ˵㱧˹顣
ϣҪȥԷȾƣȻ󡭡
ΰսӵĶ˵Լļƻ
ϵͷ絷⡣
ģһ͸á
ϲ뿪ΰȴȻЦһ
˵ĽǴأ
Ȼôλεİѱ͵棬ðײòô
˵Ĳ
ڽϵץѯΰһԴ˻Īգסĸ첲Գΰֵܡ
ΰֵܣ
ĲüͷӴһưҪԷԼȥΰ
ӿЦһ
ǲɣΰѧϰڻز֮ǰҲǣҪúչɩӣúչ׼ĸǸջɣ湻ŮġϳԷôҴȥԵ
õģ
ԼҲ
Һã֮ǰΰһǮҪĲú
Ĳһӹÿ಻ԣڼûյţԼǼͳЦȻȻӦ
ԼŮֵܣСһǸӣ˻ûн飬òûԷǮ飬Բʱû뵽				

221²Ҫ߾

Ҫ߾
һһɫζȫķ˶Ĳʳָ󶯡
ĽҪһĳ棬һ
ûļһԺ˻֮󣬵ҪΰúýǧܸǸҪһۡ
ũǸط೤ʱûԹһķˣ
ԳԷʱĲһ֮ǰ֣ںȾƴڳ
ԭԼĳͦϲ̨ģԸտʼֵϸɵԱĲĳ֮Ͽʼ
ڱ˭Եÿһܿϵķɨһա
ĲĨĨͣе㲻˼ҪԼıƸüͷЩá
Ǽʳõķô͵ϵģҶûгԶپûˣ
֮ǰ;ԼͦҪģĲɣԼ滹ͦġ
ΰ׼²۵úܣϻҪЦеصͷӦŶԷĻ
ǰǰǸĶʵ̫ˣ͵ϣ̫ˣ
ϾҲ˵Լ̫ʱûˮԳԵ̫ˣֻڡ
ԼĻ϶ˣĲһӡ
棬һҪйزͶǡ
ĲԼǶģСʱ򱻴ҹĸ׿ɣ֮ѧУ飬ҸоõؾԼ˲̫һ
йزĸֺͶ˺ʱ϶ֺµı顣
Щܡ
ƫƫ˵֮ǿһؿʳú˵ⷬĴŲ˵˳Ҫѻ˵
Ӳ˲ͷ亹нп಻ѡ
֮ǰѾΰǰ˾״òӲͷƤվΪĲΧ
ᣬᣡֻһ˵ѣҪȥйزͶǡ
ǾԼڸΧǼܲסĲԼ鰡
ӣ㾿ô¶ôôûǵĶپ٣ӹɵʵѵҲϣҲǾ仰ҪȥйزͶǡ
ӼֱҪΪĲⷬҪĲ

ԣ˼˶ٲˣԼûһBô
ӺݺݵĨһԼĿڴóһǮŴŽɿعȥ˳ʦ棬 һڨЦѹ͡
Դ⣬ǧҪһʶ
ʦͷһϤĴŽᣬƳһ۹ŲŭĲٿȻһ
Լ˶ٶԼͲһ£ҪȥйزŸң㾡ȥеֱͲЩС˵ӡ
һ˵˱Ƚϰ˵лݲٳ฾ģĲʱŭɶ
үүڰĲʳãĲŭָ
㻹еûУվһ𣬼ֱˣ
Ŀࡣ
ԣ˭ˣ
Լòã
뵽ΰķԸӲͷƤԷ飬Ҫȥתת
ˮвٺĵطҴȥ棬ҲǶǸˣô
Ĳص˵ͷһһҵڶţģ߸ߵ̧°ͣ˵߾Ǹӵϵһ㡣
зݣ˴ΰĵϡ
ΰ֮ǰѾźһС
ĲСĸ׽̵ģִҪߡ
ץҽҪ£Ǳ֤һлҲãʱֻ֤
ҲգĲǲϵ
ɸˣüչһѵĳʦ
Ӵ㻹Ṇ̀ô
ĲЩֱɵ࣬ԷԼ̵ס
Цһֱӳһ֡
㲻˵ϵǮаˣǮأóҸ档
Ӹ˷ǳһĨ˵ԼǮȫ˳ҲԼǮŲۡ
ʦ죬ô󷽣۾ʱһ
ǺǣСֵܣû뵽㻹ͦ󷽵ġǮϣȫô죿
ӴʱԼظ
ֵܵŪСǮôˣ
ͼĲ
ֻᶯڣ˭˭Ӯһأ
֪ĲһνӴĲ֪ʲô
Ц˲١ѧѡ֪֮ϷôˣǮѾûһ
нʣŴŽᣬĲЩ顣
ǿ뷨һ㣬ѹսĲĶߣպһڡ
壬û¶ֵеǮǮܲûӡңĲһֱӮ֮ǰûо飬Ѿ֪˹򣬻Էһ仨ˮ
ĲһҲԣԼôôԷһϲ̨ĳӶ磿
һеǮȫӵ̨ϡ
ȫ				

222ת

ӿľУ
ôǮһӶӽȥˣôһ˲ĻɣԼڲôã
ٿǿǣòԼڲźãĲ̫ˣ
ֺԶ׼Ǯȫûˣ
Ĳߣʦô÷ôһֻòмĲ㹻öԷŭյҪȥǮ
龿ôģΰһС
ȥӣ֮ĲǮҽظʦ
ǲʲôǲǮ²ӮҲǮ㡣
ĲԭЩԥǼܲסӲͣ˵˵˵˵˵䵽Կհ׵Ǯû˸һʭӶ˲ծ˲ĸо
Ĳһ޵׶
Ĳ˸׳죬ӶѾֽŷ飬ֱˡ
壬߰ɣ
קקĲĸ첲Сؿڡ
Ѿ۾Ĳôܸģ̻رãԼֻһʱ֮öѣһת˵ġ
ԣһ۵ȥϴּϴϴ֣ȥ
棬ϴ֮󣬵ȷСӮ˼ѣӮģȥҪٵöࡣ
ãõĿʼǳɹһ룬һѾˣԼһ׷رġ
ӮӮ˽¶ķһϡ
ռҡ
ĽǰһӵݺϢ֮󣬾ͰĲĶ˵ĵմ󺣺糣
մһӾȻôͿİҲˡ
ΰҲڰĲһôǳҪôؼҽѵԼҵܵܺ͵ϱԼѾ˵ˣġ
ڼôǿôȥʲô¶
ĽкĲȥΰ뻢ڣΰôŹԼôõһѱ
֪ǲ˵
ԼһŮû취ѵһ¸ףñ˽ѵһ¡
Ժ˾˵Լ治Тô
ɵϣռҾȻӭ˺ϤֺİĿˣҲ˵ˡ
ƽѩͼӣżֵ߲ˣҴҵ߽ռҡ
֣֮ǰǼң˵ҪǼסһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ڷּˣ һڻڴƷԾûͬ⡣
մͷϣ԰ڰ֡
ĴҪҵĻҲҪǼס
ĲǾԼж棿
ҲԼ÷ôͺ˼Ҫȥ˼Ҽסֱˣ
ⲻǵһμƽúԼӡǸһһǰֺ˳ԾѩǻһһнƽԱߣҲ˵żԼһۣҲֻЦЦ
ǡְ
ƽҲ˳ЦЦѩ׼õĶó
Ǹ
ѩݹһǮ æǮ˻ȥ
ѩִֵİǮ˻ȥ
ģƽԱ߽һ¡
ɩӣǰǲ¡ʱ֪ѩȥǮǳ͵ģǮǸģǸ˵ġԲҪǵǮϾɩӣǳ˲ܲҪ
ƽ˵ЩԼˡ
ƽ˵Ļ
ǰﻹܸ˵ƽӾˮһե˾ݡ
⼸ʱ䣬һԷ޾ʲô飿
ãţԼҹŮҪ¡
ǹùú͹øһ⡣ң˱Ǯ˱˵飬ڸ˽ʱôͦţйø˵ҲûǮģǳҾ˾˵ġ˾˲ҪҲȻؾ
æҡͷ
Ҳǡ
ƽĽùú͹øƺʱںݺݵһ
Ľ˵Ļ Ҳ̲סм
ĽһƴԼ˵񻹻ججӪҪӱȡô
ǰɩӣŰɣ˵ǮҲȫǮֻеһ֣Ľ˵ģҪеծȫˣܺúùӡ
ѩ˵ҲԱƴصͷٵͷ
п˶Ŵˣ ˣ ҲûнƾܣǮȫյ֡
վԱ߿һеմ󺣺۾֮ǰΪĲģȴΪⷬжġ
˲֪֪˾Ϊʲô󳹴ʹǰô
ڣȥˣ
ȥˣ
۾Ľཻһ
Ľ࣬ȥŪ¾Ʋˣò׼˶һ𣬴һһ
ƽԸɿһսԱѩ֣Щ˼
ҲˣԴϴκȾƳ˴¶֮Ҿ;ˡ滹¶ҪæҵĺȾƻ¶
ѩҲԱߵͷ				

223ඥ

մһ㶣Ȼ뵽ƽϴκȾ˱˵ĵԼӵ飬ڰ֡
ȾҲУȵĽȥõʲôƻס
ĽӦһȥ˳
ʵ˺˽޷Ǿ̹һ£컹һΡ
ǽ
ƽѩ֮ǰΪǲǽǴ١
ȴûһֱ㵱ȡĹߣͣڡ
ǡͦá
Ľ˵ʱ䴽ǣ뵽ӣִԱߵĿó˼֮ǰڵؽպõĺƤһ׼˿عϡ

ƽڴӸˡ
淣Ǿ衣
淣о裿

Ůֳ룬ȥ˵Լߣһȥ
Ӹ˲ѣǻȸԾ
ǵĻָȾ˴ˡ
Цźƽ˵˼ҳע⵽Աһֱ˵ѩ
ѩôˣʶɩôΪʲô˵
Ǻ²˵ô
ƽҲǻϱ˰
ƽЦЦҡҡͷ
ֻһѡ
ôȥǲûǮǮǶûȥǱ߲żǮġ
˵ţҪȥȡظոƽǮȴմ󺣽סˡ
Ĳ ûΣңҾòθá

ôҲǱһһ
ǰĹ˵ǰѩ۶˵ùȥ񣬼ѩ˵żŲȥ
ʵ˵ǿƤǳ˽̰ѩôӻͷ𲻻أѩҲͦôһ¶
֣϶Ҫġ治Уǵ濴治УٵпҪǮûǮĻٻǼҿѩͻС˲顣
մ󺣲һЩεؿһʵĵֺõĳ
ô죿
ܲ˵ư;ŮŪİɣ
ƽϸΧ
ĲѾȥˣеҽ˵СҲνˣҾͦõġ
˶һۣ¶Ƶ΢Ц
˼Ҷ˵ϣֻЭ
Ľ˺ܿ죬СʱѾĸˣּ˼
үүٳԵ㣬˼θڲã
һֱ֪Ľ˵պãȴ֪ôãϵΪ̫£ԸûüƷζһ̲סۿһȡ
ŮѾ󵽿ˣԼˣô꣬ûܹû˹
뵽ٺóԵĶƺҲ˼ζѵʳͼǰһ롣
˳뿴ȥͼѩѩָ˸ȵơ
ип±Ǩʱ򣬴غһࡣ
ԹƽմҪ޵ĻһҼʧããҹɫ
˯ʱ򣬳ڸĽིŵŰ裬ż˳谮޷ѩ˼ȦŮˣƵ̾Ϣ
ùùòװ
ڿĽָһ٣Ŀһ۳
ףﲻף
ʻһ£֮ſڡ
һȦ˵ˡǰŰ񡭡ͦġ
أ
ʲô
Щȵؿ򷭿鱾˵Ľ࣬Щɡ
˵أôô
գգ۾Ҫ˵ɷ֣ԼȻ֪
ԣȷ֪
û⡣
ô
ǲ׵İɣ
ССŮӸţŵʱʦĲȥĲ·ŵũҲȥũмȻ˵вˣ
ײףȴ޷ͬ಻ࡣ
ô
ǿİɣ
ǰһһⰮǸˣеȱֻǸصѡɾǰһǰ꣬Ȼ֣ǰܵĶ޷ˡǸԼֻһ˴СƢˣʣĿȫǣ˷ԣɶ˻һİ飬ÿЦֿɱ
û֣ѩһôͬǼĽŮͬΪһ˲һУͬҵĶżҡ˵ȴסû˵ϸİˡ
ȻؿĽ࣬ã
ѩһˣ
񣬵ȷġ
ǣ֮ǰѩ룬ԼΪѩʲôͬأ
ڱѩͣشƶһ˳߶ʱҲڽʳռңѩĽǮԼܵǴġ
Ȼ֣Լû쵰
ϵıһٱ䣬Ľ֪ȥˡ
ưһԭƽһ첻ڣƽһõΡû¹ʣѩŰȥģһֽЭ顣				

224ĥ

ĥ
飡
Ĳһ̶ķ̻ڶǻ뵽ȻĿһʹ
ƺھѩư֮ǰľ˵ѩʵò
Ҳǣ˵ҲΪһŬϵŻţԼأþȫԼĻϵĲɺֹá
ųŴ϶ŷĽջߣ˵ȥˡ
Щ飬㲦һ¾͹ˣЩ˵ٶ඼ûãǵԼͨܳ¶
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬ͷԱߵλѾտҲһƬ
΢ĽѾȥˣ
·ţͼĽվſڶ
ϻһǽõשͷ
Ľ࣬Ǹôôˣ˯ϸ͡
²
ϴĽൽũȥƺûúóһٷ
Ľ࿴һۣͷ
Ȱ˵ԼԽ˳
ĺܿ죬˳Ŵ濴ȥʱͼĽŵשͷ֪ʲôʱѾһ飬ڣɫͨ죬ˮ˳ʣשͷĸ첲ڲ
Щ۵س˳
ϢһɣϢһȳ˷֮ϰ
Ľҡҡͷǿسų˳ǡ
û¶Ϣ֮ûˣԻһĺá
Ȱ˵ͲȰˣ˳˵ʱ˺˲͡ԺõӦò
ɣĽ໹̫ˣ
æµĽ˽ƿǣԼ֮ǰѾպõĿˮ֪ȥ
Ľ齩Ӳ
ˮأ
Ŷոϴʱ˵㣬ȻˡҪˮôŮӵȷǶһˮҲһģһͺá
Цеؽ͡
Ľ࿴ŻҪһ緹ûԥسš
֪Ľ˼ŵĳЩżԼҲûʲô¶ɲ֪ĽΪγŵֻԼ
ȥڽˮ˰ɣ϶ҪģѧҽϹϸõġҪһҪȣҽԺЩ˿ҽ˼ҵֿɱأĶĽֻܱ࣬ܿҪשͷСʱȻ
ҩú֡
ԣԼ֪شŮϰߣ
Ĳζ
Ҫæģû뵽 ȥĶǵæ
˰ϣҪȥڿͼĽ󴦹ë
ȥϴ
Ľ࣬ҵĴӦ㣬ǸˮûôԲҵĴҸ㱣֤´βˡ
ĽûϣݻأǸսС޻һĥأοϰ߱˴ϢĸŮ
û¶Էɣ
ĺ֢ȴǣԺĽĶٽ¶ҪϺü飬ȷϹ˲ŶֻѾǺˡ
緹ֵĽȥβ
Ҫҿĸ
裬ȥʱЩǸ⹫ŵģǸ˾˴ġ
Ծ
⣬ǲǴеࣿ
üһһѶҲ߰ɣ
ĽɫؿųĿ䣬İģЦĽܴ࣬ѹ
볣ôΪ飬һ㶼ࡣ
飬ѻﶼõĵܶȴƺ
ȡѾϰߣͱ֮١ɾ׵裬ƾʲôҪͣΪӸأֻΪӺԼһѪҺ
Ȼ뵽ĽඥǷãԼܱԼĵһˣºѩƣҲҪŬ
ã趼ġҲռˣ
ǮҼϣԺỹġ
Ľûܾصͷ
űÿݺЦеؽš
Ľ࣬ǳô
һμݺ
λǣ
ŶǹֵܡõĶе࣬ݺ͹ȥ
ǾЩ鷳ˣǼܲסʵҲͰư͵Ӧ
ҡ
겻ŮȻ˫˫С
ǣĽϴԵĳԽԼԲϸĸס
˳μŮˣҲˣ¸ĸ׵Ѵ
ԭԼԲһ³ũ࣬ŮʲôöһԶضǶơ
෴ģĸԴԼԽʼʡ
ǣȳ˶л֮󣬷ǼҸĸǼҴãгֹ졣
һ˵룬ûĵǣ۾пܵǶŴˣذĽǰ׼õĶ˳һ
Ҷ֪ũƫƧĵطǮƱһ٣˵ЩȻĽ׼ġҲûв𴩣׷ʳ
㣬λ߲
ҡͷ
ˣǻسǵʸˣûʵȵȿŰɣ
뵽Լԭ򣬳ϤİȺһȦ
ĵܺĵأ
ҲδûбĴ㡣				

225¾ܾ

ܾ
˳һΰסģҲû
ĵܺܶϰ࣬СҲ˹ȥƽʱסҪǣҽǻ

ﵽ棬ػػҪڣĽҪȥ棬ֱȥǺú˵˵ҲԿĽʲôҪæġ
Ǹӣ뵽ȥڳҳԿڷϡ
˳ĳ治̫ϤҪСһȥ
СͲء
˳СڣݺȻˡСĽһ·ҵ˳Сϰĵط
㣿ɶʱģʱô˵һҺȥ㣿
վ棬СĵҲû˵
СʱȽæСǱģԼһ׽
ҲЦŴһ³Сģ޲Ȥؿڡ
ǼСҲˣȢϱˣ
Сĺͷʾ°˴ȥСۡ
һϲģܺá
վԱߵĳС˱ͣЩ
ôɩӣǰɩӣľɩӣĻôּңĽôᱻǸΰϣ
Դӽ֮ԼĸͱˣĽôã֪˾ϲ⣬ΪԼǰ;δӲװƣװһжû
з
ĸ磬İݡ
˲Ϊ𣬿ĽడŮôá
ССģҲȥ˵һȥС֮󣬾ˡ
СɫЩ̫ÿ
û룬СЦŴȤССϵá
Ҽǵǰ飬СƨɺҪ齲¡һۣǶ˴ˣСʱұڻСˣ
Сسǡ
ǰ
СúãСɲô
ĶԼô˹ϵ￴ţ
СԶǵãʱ·Ͽ
С壬ЦеعȥкʱСǱĮ񣬴űĺ
뵽СĽ˽ָ
һСøãߵĸԶһ
СߣСҵٻ̵ꡣ
ôˣʲôҪһȥô
СЩ֣ԼϲżĽֻ࣬ûü˵
СѴС˵һ¡
С岢һˣ˰ضֱ֮ץСĸ첲
ȵȣ˵ʹһġǴңռң
۸ռûô
ô˵
Сͷ
˵ǱߵҲҪߣ˾һ£ֿݡȴǱŪ֮󣬾͵ռҡ
СЦ
ôʲôܹԼĸҪô˵ˣǻôˣ
ңô꣬ռʲôݣ֪ܲô
˵ã㻹֮ǰһڸǸýأ
ų˵Ķݣȴַӳũ廧ڣϲ̨棬Ǹý
Ҳǲֻ֪ǰڴӣû취˵ѡ
СҲĲͬһھ
ҲԼҪߣԾûһ

Ľ˿֪ʵʱҲ⡣
˵Ҳ̫ˣҪһСҽԺʵϰһⲻò˵岻ôУҲˣˡ
ҽʦڿĽֱ֮ըˣ˵תߣ˭Ӷ
ƫƫУʡҽһġ
Щżò׿һϣ
𰡣ҽԼ壬Լ͸Ҷɣ֮ǰѾ˵ôҸæ
ɲ˵˵ԺԼȥ˵˼ҽôͬ⡣
ҵ壬κ˻λˣԼ
ԼевУ
ˡ
ңѾмˣٲãܱڻã
˵ҽɲͬ⡣
ͬ־ִҪĻ˹ɣˣһҽҪΪҵĲ˸𡣡
ĽԼվ˳
ҽҵҪôͬҺһ
ƽؿһĽࡣ
ҲҽԺôСôҶһңǶԲ˶Լε顣
ʱȻСеؽһȺˡ
һձѪˮǣͷѪģ˱˷Ƴƹ󻹸һ캰صŮ
ڼŰ״ӵҽ֮󣬡ͨһ¹
ҽȾˣȾҸͷˣҸͷˣ				

226·

죬ƽҲûĢȥ˷ɿؽҡ
Ľո·ʱҲһۣ̫ã˵Դĵط
ڿģҲ֪ԼʱȽҪ뵽ոҽĻЩġ
Ľ࣬˵ô죿
ٲȻȥ۶Ҹҽ
ֻߣĽԼȥ۶
Ͼ۶Ϊһҵ׶ȻȻأںܶ෽ĶطҪȽһҽҲ
ȫ̰ͷβҲźһ˼
۶ǵĴӪţһǺңǿһõƴ
ȥ۶ǲԣҵʵһŴҲһʵ¸ǵ˵۶ҹŻһĴ𰸡
ҽҪĲǱģ˭ԼĲΪһЩԼ⡣
üͷ
ô죿
ڳ⡣
ҪҪҪǹȥ
Сϵͷ
ڸ磬ҿ԰쵽
ĽЦεط˸ۡ
ΪǸﰡǹ˼飬Ҫ̨֪ϣ֮󣬾ϵ㣬˼Բ⡣㻹Ҫ̫ȰǧҪô
ҲУҲУô죿
Щꡣ
һ̨ѣôôѣ
ĽûԱץתͷԱԺҪһ¡
ⲻǲԣˣᱻҽӷС
Ľͷ
Ҳǻ˶ѣԼҪһΣô
ȻȻһ˵ʱƽȻŭ
˭ģϸҴȥʶϸҳȥȻĻ˭ҪҳҾȥҷ
ĽһЦеĵģɫһ࣬ƽ
ҽְҵʣ
ƽıЩҪˡ
ҵְҵʣҵְҵôֲһСѾͷʣ㲻ҪΪԼѧ˼ҽҽԺʵϰ˼ΪԼˡ
Ľҡͷ
ְҵôȷҹʡ˵Щֻһ飬˭˭ҽģҽʵû˸ҰҸϳȥҲʵúƽϢһŭ𣬱Ͼ˵᲻֪ʱĸʲôɣ
ƽɫһ䣬Ŀ⸴ӵؿһǰĽ࣬ؿڡ
㲻ҪΪҾͻͬһʲôݣҲҪϵһ·ҲԲǵͷġǲ
Ľû˵ָָֻϵˡ
˿ѾϴˣҪ
ƽͷһƣҲ˲ϹԱߵĽ̬֮࣬ȶսԼе
ʱһȥټ̫ƫ
㣬ô겻ȥ¹Ӱɣʳʦ˻ͦóԵġ
涫ļǮҲּ֪֮󣬴׬ǮҲףСĳԵĻƷҲ;ܾˡ
ɳСһҪڳǰչʾһԼԺ˵˵ųȥ˸ڵʳá
ҪʳõԼȥСۣһȥȴСĸܾˡ
㣬˵ġһСĶԹȥĵ൱Ұ裬ȻԼˣҵģﰲţǾôܽܿġ
ֲСܵ⣬ֻˡ
Сȴ̫ˡ
ϴҰҲûдҰȥһԷ˵ƾɶҪȥʳüѵͲǼô
Сͷ
Ǽֵܲ඼Ǵչ˴ģȻҪһ´㡣ңҵĹôҲ֪񻹶һԹǿԸͺõĻôȥȰȰ裬ưԭǡ
СЦһ
ҿǼǰĽ̫ˣǸŮռҵĺӣ޷ģң˼ΰﲻˣһֻ۾꼶˵֮⣬ʲôã
СԼΰ
ȷԼһȣΰֱһĿģ
ԼᵽʲôԷܺԼԴ˵һܸԼṩһЩͽ顣Լȥң涼ոµķһ͵ӻһЩҲضá
䣬Է˵֧ĽϴѧԸƼԸ氲ŻڣôõΪʲôͬ⣿ĽΪʲôͬ⣿
ֻΪΰһֻô
̫ˣôȥһˣǴֱɣǷǳǲԵġ
˼ûռҲûĽûĽ෴˼ˣʲô
뵽СתͷСۡ
ʹ㶼Ůͬ־ȽϿĵһúø˵˵ɲĽ෸󡣡				

227´

һμСۣкøеġ
Сװ׾ģֳִֵ黨裬һɫĸӳ£һڿӼӲЬ
С۰ɣոС˵˲飬Ϊڳܿˣ
СЦҡͷ͸ոջˡ
࣬ࡣˣôӦõġ
ˡ
ͦɣ
ҪʲôԼ㡣
С۸ոսӵ˵ͱСһӸ»˹ȥ
㣬㡣ǾԣһҪĸ͵ĸ
СǿάϵЦݡ
ǰǾԣǴɡ
ɳ֪ʲô˺ó԰ȥ˵˳Сĵͷϡ
СһӣԵ൱
ʳʦֵĲ˰ɣ
ֵĲˣ
ĳ°⻰̲סЦˡ
ĳţϵ̲סЦ
ãһӵġ
С˹
ǳʦˡ
°뵽ȥ껹ǰĽԷһΣ̲סǡ
û˼˵ôֲˣ
ֲɶ
°һЦСļ
ҰֻҪ˵еģҶ֡
Էһã°Цеؽ͡
ϾòֵĲˣҲô
ʦ֮ǰöԣִӵˣ͸ǳѵ
Ǻ
Сʱ֮ϵķԽԽ࣬ԽԽࡣ
סˡ
Ϊչ˵ܵӣ͵͵˿Աߣ ֮ѹѿڡ
Сģǲ̫ˣȻ˵һ£ҪˣҲԲ겻ô
СԭֻҪһ³棬˲еİ
ǣæȥͣȴ°סˡ
˵λͬ־Ĳ˲óˣѾϴˣˣҲŲסܾô˰ɣ
Сü
ûҪô˰
˵Ҫҵֲˣֲ˺ܶడ
ֲ¡
°к˰ǻСҲųСۡ
һᳳܵģΨһһαžǵũԸһΣСһ͸ˡ
˳û˾ͣϢͳһ
кõĲ˽СǴߣСҪٷ֮ʮǮ
СۻЩĲ鲻ԸҲյĽҲٷˡ
ֻǣһִȥԷʱ򣬷Ѿˡ
СЩΣûԼΰ˵ģԼʵԼ˵һһܲһӶĶЩ¶
СۿСĳԼԱЦеػԾգ˵˵ž˵Ľϡ
ҲһԭΪĽ࣬ҲѯʶԷôġ
С˵ӲƾԼ粻֮һ־ᣬƴĴ
㣬Ů˻һӣǲҪиųšΰǲСˣ˰ǸĽ˵ý֮󣬳ռҵٶݣοͽũҲ¶Ҳ˵ֶֻ̣˵Լ¶ƾģǲǣ
ͷ
Ҳǡ
תСļæڡ
Դ㣬˵ĽӦ˰ɣΰĽϴѧ߹ϵۼҰŻڣһС¶ˣ
ԿɼΰĽĳ̶ȡ㣬Ҳȥ˭ŮôԴûŶϱ
Ĳǿеΰ
ò
ѾʮˣĽʮߣ
ʵҲġÿĽ˼ĽԸĻȻû⣬ĽԸ⡭
Сۼˡ
ΪʲôĵظͰΪʲôм˴Ľ಻Ըֵģ
㣬Ľ໹һӡСûչСû˽̵֪ʲôǺãʲôǲأǴ˲ҪæѰѹزôһСӣ棬һ㶼ҪѧϰǴҪǣԲԣ
ãصͷ
ǵģ˵Ĳ
ǰ
֮ǰûŮߴ̫ãûչ̵ڹ۶ϣԼһҪúðһ¡
Сۺݺݵ³һصصͷ
㣬Ͷˣ
ͬʱѹֵ¶ʼֻⲢóԣˮǶȱˮĳҲԼԲȥ
Բ᲻ӣǣͳСʳţ Сۻȥ÷кӻװԵĺͲˡ
úö˵ʱֳ⡣
⣬ôô󣿡
СĸǮʱŶԷļǮûιȥ				

228½


°ϲ˵ʱΪľҪһЩӵˡ
ģû֮ǰĽ˵ʱôݣһӲ˼Ҳʮ
ǮֻʮСҲò
ǲǸˣôô󣿡
ҲùĿ¡
˵ǣǹҵİɣո˵ʲô˲Ǯ˵̫ˣ̫ǿԲ԰˭ǳˣҪ겻ǮԲҾҿԽйһˣ
ɳҲ̫Զ
ԼĿڴͣǮëƱһҲŰ˿ë
ϻжǮǮ̫
շ졣
Ǯôܵȫԭûôģ콨굽֮ũԷչ˲٣ÿõǮҲˡ
⣬ ԶԶһٷǮ
СذԼǮͣСϵǮ˴գ ҲŴ˶ʮһëˡ
Ŷʮ࣬
СҲ֪ԼѾûǮ˰
սСۡ
֮ǰڽʱһ˽ǮôܲóӦӦ
Ȼ̫ľУ
СۿЦѡ
Ǯ֮ǰУﻹУ
һ ⷿӣָĻǮôϻϴ·һȹӣﻹǮ
Сķͷ
֪ķ˱ȽϺóԣǲ֪
ķ˾Ȼô󰡣
ҲЩգܿ뵽˰취
С岻ҲϰôҺСţȥϰĵطҪǮǮǻͷٻ
СЩԸ
㣬ʱȥɣҲȥ
СΪĽԼŪøһοСǴԼǱӵߡ
һҪ֤ԼȶԷ˼ұԼʱôͷǮ
Զᣡ
ǣȻȥɣҲ֪Ķϰడ
ңѾ°ʱ˰ɣ
סĵطڰٻ¥ĺᣬ㣬ȥһ¾֪ˡ
Կ̬һ·˹ȥ
ãطܺ
Ǽ֮ĸ˾ˣɵ˵Ե֮󣬳СϵЦݡ
ߣĸɩڳӹòȻǮ¹ӣ
ƽʱҲźŸҳȥһٵģǮϾкӶ࣬ǮĵطҲࡣ
ȻûСķ̡
С壬ĸɩҲǮǽˣԴӵĽҹȥԷȻҲǰôǶ֪֪ҶˣԼѴҶģôģǮһỹġ
СȻ᲻ֻʶ˵仰ѡ
ǳСزסΪԼ纰ԩ
㣬ҲҪ˵ĲǮ
ĸ̬ȡ㲻֪Դӷ˼֮ĸͺǳһ¼ҲҪ۵ġңÿ¼ʮǮĹʣҲһ٣ϾǮ˵ǸĸȢϱˣ
û뵽ﾹȻôһһдһ֣ӲͷƤҪСǮ
ֻҪǮңȥǮ
ĻҲֵײġ
СһǮΪʲôȥ
ҪƣĸŮ·ӣû֮ǰôߡ
СģǮˡ
ǮʳãͼСġڡһվɫĶųˡ
⿴Цǲǣ
Щ
СģٿС壬ӲͷƤЦ

ʲôЦЦģСˣܵ˵Ǹոն˾ˣԹûʲôҪæġ
⻰˵ãһ˵ǲ˼ҵβһ
æʲôæģΪ˭ΪԼڰٻ¥˼Լβˣ
㵵ؿɫĵܣСʱһ㶼
üͷθŭһ
Сģ㾿ô¶ûǮʵҪܵܰæҲʵʲôʱܶһ㣿
СԭΪһ̸ԼվһӪģû뵽ȻС˵
㣬ôո˵Ļô
ǲΪСְλߣãҲƫˣ
һ±ơ
Լ˵ʲôˣʲôˣ
벻ͨСЦһ۾ԼڴóʮǮڳСǰ˻Ρ
ԣĸ˼ǣǮ㲻Ҫˣ
Сҧ˴꣬ȭͷգӽ۾ضųС壬ʱضܳԷ˹ȥҰޡ
֪ԼûǮĲ볯Էͷ				

229ͦõ

ͦõ
С֪ԼɷϾԼСⷬһİƣݺݵسǵϡ
ôŮʱͲöԼֵܵǮ;öô
С廹ڻϽ͡
Լ˿ҪըˣС۵سȥһӵĸһڵضųС塣
ˣС壬˭Ůˣ⻰ø˵ס˼ΰôˣǿһһҺĸҲˣǻẦô
˻ᡣǻ᲻ᡭ
Сһ£ߴɨȥЦһǮϡ
Ѿô
Сҧгݡ
С壬ΪСҶ̣ͿʲôʲôǸĽܵĶ㶼ͬˣҲ˵һԼŮ
ͬˣ
С循ȵؿ
϶Էߣصͷ
ǰȻǸΰûһֻ۾ҲȽϴ󣬵ʹ˻ˣǼҲã˵Ľȥѧ
ڳСһעʧ
СԱߵĳСķٿЩĳ̲סơ
ã治ĽΪĹΪ룬һҸ
һ޵Ļⷬڳ
֪Ϊʲô֡
ҲҲðɣҲһְĸ֪ԺһúֲĽġ
СԭΪⷬԼӦģǽȴŭЦ
㣬֪ôЩʱԼһһĺãԷϡأ
ԭһӻҪ˵ģ˳֮󣬾Ȼû˵
ֻǣ֪Ľ˵ⷬʱʲôоһѹɣ
Сĸߣ ĸˣ Ҫӡ
ΰĸףΰĸ
С뵽ؿһۣͷҲصת뿪к
еؾԼƺʲô飬ϸ룬ԼҲû
ǰȽϽҪǶʮݸСģȴֳСĲӡ
㣬Ǯģȥɣ˭һ
Ҳǡ
ֻǵȳ뿪֮󣬳СĲЦһ
ߣ֮ǰǱĵô˵ҪΪĽãΪĽôôڲϢˣΪǶ֪ΪʲôôͽĽôΪǸҵúúĽദùϵǸҲøһųбҵ
СҲԱߵͷ
أѾ˿ɽĵλϸţȹʱҾΪ㰲ŹˡʱĽ
ԼϱĻС΢΢룬Ǿò
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ȥǮ֮󣬻ʣһ㣬Ǯӡ
Ƕڳ棬ûǮеġǮţȷ֮ͺˡ
СҲûи
ϾΪǽҲѪԷ
ҹɫ̫ԭȥдһסأû뵽Ȼᷢ飬ֻܰѳסĵط
С֮ǰ볣ȥҪҲΪĳԼ
ķǹѸӣһ¸ǮʲôûУԼȥġ
ԭһӣĶ¡
Ӳס´࣬סʱ򣬾ԵЩơ
СĸԼϱ˯̣Լȥҷ˼ëǮһױ죬˶ڵϴ̡
ʱѮȣӻ࣬һʱ䣬˶ûô˯á
Ժ˯ȥʱͻȻ
ʼкѵӶˡ
Ҳû׼ҩԾСķæųȥҽԺ
ҹмҽ˵ǼԳθףҪסԺƣҪȥɷѡ
סԺû⣬ǽɷѵĻͳ⡣
ĸ磬¶֪ͨССֲֵԼĴ㣬ǾӦùԼһ
Сľɫ졣
С֮ǰóǶʮǮ˵һ
裬ѲɻҪ֮ǰ趼پһ飿
ʶؾܾ顣
СĲڣСЩŭ
Ҳǣû¶ǸڼҺúôŲô
ûǮҲΪԼˣ԰ѽԷʣǮȫ˳Сġ
ĸ磬ǮȥסԺѰɣ
¸²ŻᷢԺ󡭡
СǿЦЦ˳Сһ¡
ûǮĻһҼҰҪ㡣˵ĽӦûǮɣ֪ȵ渶Ǯһ취ǵġ
Сۡ
ĸ磬ϿȥɡǼȻѾ˻飬һˡ
СؿС绨Цصص˵ͷ
ģԼԺһС۳Ŀͷ				

230


˷ѣҩһһܲΪڸһ䡣
СķҲûлؼңͷͷڽСϿǽ˯ˡ
ͬһҽԺҵĵƻš
Ѿ˰˾ŸСʱԱ߰æĻʿǶѾһˣɲٵҽȴҪضǰĲˣ񣬾߶Ƚš
β˵ҽһ̫õĶŵĲ˴Σա
˵ļͥΪͶȥ֮֡
ˣǻǻгʱ򣬸οˣ
߶Ƚŵİ˾ŸСʱҽѾ㹻Ŭǰǳôһ˲Ļ㱡
ҽ
˸ڣҽ˲ٿԼ飬ųһ亹
ҽѪѹ½
Ҳ⣡

ƽٴȷʼิգͣذѹŶԷؿڣֿʼ׼ʹá
ЩҲֲ֮ǰĴۿѪѹԽԽͣԽԽ΢һŵζ
ҽ˵̫ˣĴ
Сʿοɫ̫õƽ
ҽβûҽҲϵۣ˭涨ֻҪ˽ҽԺҾһκò˵ģ
Ҳ˰ߵԴưǱҽ˵ֲڡ
ǰҽѾ˿ŸСʱˣѾˣ

İοûƽһ㣬˲١
û˲֪ѵԼ֪ô
ԴǾܾǸСҪԼĴ㣬˵ԼҪΪ˲˸˵ԼְҵصģȴΪһ֮ȴ
뵽ҧҧԷิա
Ŭһѣоȡ
˶ǾҵˣܿƽֻǿţϵҲûиܿǷ
ҽǲУѾ֮ǰ̫࣬Ѫѹڳ½½취˸ܳ
ڴһĪչʱԱߺȻһϤ
Ů
԰ɣ
࣬ǽڸŮŮ֮
ͬʱתͷŷԴ˹ȥͼһװŮ۾ؿǣſ֣ǲܿԷı飬ƫƫ㹻˵һС
ƽող뵽Ľ࣬ĽЩֵؿ
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˵̫ˣҹĦһ°Ϊڲ˵Щʱ򡣡
ƽҡͷ
ҪַͬһҾԲͬ⡣
Ľҡҡͷ
֮ǰҪһǿͷһ֣Ŀƽµļһô 
ƽɫһ䣬ͷԼơ
һҽҪľһ˫֣ھûа˫ȴۿɼزš
סϵıѿ
ʹùȵĺ֢ǰҲǽⳡһ⡣
ƽ붫ĽĻû˵ꡣ
֮⣬ 취ֹѪѹ½ôҩֶˣֶҲˡҪҪҪҲ֣Ҷ⡣ǺܲɣҲ뿴һö˶˵ǰûˣһпܾ¡
ҿƽĿûпڣһɵĿĽࡣ
˭ҽԺҽɣ
ǰǰҽ̳ȫҲμأôҽ˵ô
ǣȻҲûжɣ㡭

ƽ֪ЩʿǶάԼģ֪ǶǺ⡣
һһ޴ƺݺݵϡ
۵ġ
תͷԱߵ¼Ųص㣬ѪѹټȥǴ޽ˣҲȲˣ
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ĽڵΣصͷָʹԱߵĻʿȥһˮ
˵ǲǸˣңˮﰡѲҪϴ裿
ǣϴѪѹôֱˣʲôô

ĽЦһ
ȷңˮȷܸڲϴ裬һ㹻̵ˮǿΰҽúûһָĽӲ̶ȣڵȵѪѹߣһȶ֮ԼѾû취ϾҿȶһѪѹǲһÿʧȶˡ
Ľ˵ⷬν
ȴ˼ʿְƽڵϺݺĦ				

231˷ȥ

ƽһ죬æŻʿǰڰ֣ĽķԸ
ʿһۣĲ鲻ԸظĽ֡
Ľճơ
ϹֵļǾŸ뻯ֶΣһϴϰľ
Ľһƿóʱƽüͷ
ڽסԼ֮ǰѾ׼õĽ룿
ԣƶһ¶ȻΪʲôȻΪʲôѾ׼ˮ
ҽͻʿƵġ
ҽԺҲҽҽʿڲͬɱƽʱҲû໥˽ڼĽóʱ澲׷ǳ
˵ȫĽ֡
׼ȷ˵ĽеĽ롣
ƽҲëֺ˹ȥ
Ľõһ̣ѾΧһУᳵ·ذԼоŸ뾫׼زԷѨλȻ󰤸
УͻװŪѣŪøԼһѪѹ½
ǰҪ˵ҽӦˡ
ꡭʲôĻǿƵϡ

Ա˽ʱ򣬺ȻһСʿ
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ʲôʲôģ
Աû壬ɿһͼ˵СʿָԱߵʾΪЩ̶
˵ѪѹѪѹѾˣ
ȫʾϿ˹ȥͼʾѪѹۿɼٶš
ƽǰҲûиѧҽ˴ʱѧҽһֱٴƸʮ֮꣬ǰԭҽİιް֮ĶûʲôѧݣʵͰǰŶѡ
Ѫѹȥˣ
ĨһЩٵȴеëѾ͸ˣγһ㼱æȥë¹ԼϣĽĶ
û뵽Ľ֮󣬾Ȼû˶
⣬ˣ
Щ֡
Ľɵؿƽһۡ
Ȼأ
ָָԱߵʾ
ѾʾѪѹѾô
ƽЩεصͷ
ѪѹѾˣ ҿóոջ̫ȶҲѾָ֮ǰǿ׳
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ô㣿
ƽܻ𳵣ͼĽüͷһͬϵë
ȷ󣿡
ƽȻӦǺһЦæȥëȴĽסˡ
߹ȥ̽һǰˮ裬üͷ塣
ˮôУȥһ̸ȵˮҵĽҪͣСʱֻаСʱʱϢ
ոջǲļСʿʱû֮ǰĻãȿֺسȥˮ
ˮĽƽֱӰˮ
ְëʪˣëĶͷͷϼѨλᰴš
һӣոջ˵ԼҽѾ۾˾ȵĺ
Ľ࿴۾ĴұһꡱƣῪڡ
ҲȥĿСʱʱҪеҪĶࡣ
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ߺȻһϤİƽٿȻ۾ͼǰſֵĽ
ո˯ѵûʶô¶Ǳ߻ʿǵ
Ѫѹָˣ
԰Ҳָˡ

ƽȻ
ˡ
棬ոջڸ˶
ɿŲ˳˹ȥĸݿԼ˯ŵʱҪõ̫ࡣ
ֻ˯˰Сʱ
ЩɻתͷĽ࣬Щš
˵ǹһôھֶ˶ָһ󣬷ֵȷʵ֮ǰҪõ̫̫ˡ
ؿһĽࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰôϵΪǸ㻹ҪҺһĻҵʲá
Ľûڣһ¡
ƹȹȫڣȫĹ͡
Ľ๴ǡ
ʱ䲻磬Լˣ
ƽؼ
ĽҲûߣվԱ߳䵱֡
տʼƽûʶֱԼ֮ǰѾһֹѪǯžȵؿĽһۡ
˫ںڰ˫֮һɡ
ȷ̫ˣ
ʱһһعȥʧ¶ǰס
ƽߣһ˵˿ڽзϡ
ֱһ֮󣬴Һݺݵ³һ
ɹҺ˳
̫ˣһҹ˯Ҳֵˣ
Уû˯ôǸСҪȥ˯ʱ˯ˣˣ
֪˯ûòã
ɶ࣡

Բɹߴߴƽ©ЦݣĽʱ򣬷ֶԷѾӰ
˷ȥ				

232±


ʿҲĽ뿪顣
ҽ㿴ǸҽСô
ƽոæ﷢СѾ֪ˣ
ڴֵʱ򣬾ͼԶһСʩʩȻ˹
æһϣҶ˰ɣҸ׼˵ԵģһȥԵ
飬Ҫ˲ȵľҲȽϴ
ǰҲҲûʱôģ䲻һΣһûиоʲôɸһ͸оԼꤵġ
ƽĽ൱֡
ԣոǰңǻؼϢˣȥԵˣ
⻹
㾹ȻԵģ
ĽֵĿһƽ
Ǹ֣˵ȻҪԶңΪʲôԵģ
ǣûŪҵ˼ԺҪѧϰҽѧϰҽҪģôܰ˷ֶ棿
ҵһĻƽʱ˿̵ֻһ뷨
ֱǱ
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ƽֹЦ
ʵżȻĻҵʦҴԼܻȥӡ
ǰģȻᳵ·
˵ãһ˵ƽˡ
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ҽͲһˣҽֵоһӵġ
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ոĽһ֮Ľ֮۾һȡ
лĻȻܲ
ϵ뷨ֻڳԷ֮ǰȺһĽҵ޲ðͷ̵
úȣúúȣ
Ա߼һСʿѾĽ
˹ϵʱЦеظŶԻ
Ľ࣬İúó԰
ǰǰֱҺȹζˡ
ôİǰһֱһζԲȥ

Ľ䴽ǡ
ô㶼Ҫһ£ԵһΣϣơ
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ɹĶˣ
ʳȴĽըһС
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Ľ࣬ȻСͦóԵġ
ĴҪֽųԣĺǲ⣬ǻСʿñԼ
ԣСȽСڳ껹ԵҰҽԺæĻᵢɻ
ҪҽԺʳûը֮ĴֳֻܷСըҲܺȥҪζĻԶٷһϣ֮ͷ͹ըСҪģż飬óԡ
Ľ˵ҷ׷¡
Ľ࣬᲻ˮϲǸҾһֱȳޱȡֻܳȥʳãʳҲˮģһ󡣡

ԭö˶˵سԸֵȻ˳սᣬȺΨһҽ
߿ƫƫĽĻǴħţǰƺֳһ˵ģԽöӶˡ
ǺһٷƽװһӵļСԺװһӵĸʳ
ǳʳõ칫֮ѯĲ˼ЩӦ
緹ͦóԵġ
ͦһ¶ӣģóţ
ѯԼĸŮ
ǸҽҪ˾ôҸոЩʿҲ˵
ƽ˼ҵĻȻɫһƬ
ɿһ
Ǹܳɹǲ˻ûΣڡȽ⣬Ҫ۲죬ָõĻû⡣
ָõĻأ
ƽû˵
£
ʮ궯ٴܶ³ɹˣɲ˻ûжȹΣڣǸƲˡ
Ҳƽ˼뿪˰칫ҡ
ոճԶһ˲ʧƽЩѹ
ٺõҽҲܱ֤ԼеĲȫƽ¡
ԣǵҽҪܱ֤ԺԸಡ˵ʱаĸ
Բ
뵽뵽ĽǸС
һҪԷҳú̸̸Բܵһźӡ				

233թ

ҽԺ˯һϣСᱳʹġ
һˣС۷ãԼ·ϣųţȥһߣһ塣
ǵʱȴС۵ˡ
ҪȥңͼСŭ˻
ôˣôôʲôô
ⲻһҪȥϰ࣬ûջȥԾȥʳøԵġû뵽ȻʳǶ򷹵С塣ҶˣһһһĶҹȥʱ˼ҾȻң˵ǷƷޣʳĶǷƷĻǳСôȥ򷹳Է
СЩɻ
ȷǸСģǳƵıˣסĵطﲢô򷹣
СЦһмؿڡ
Ϊʲô˵ǶأⲻǰŸոսҽԺž͸˽Ҫʳҷԡٿ磬Ҳô㲻Էɣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
С̫ˣڸûԲĳܿ챻ˡ
Сۣո˵Щʲô˼
С۰Լով˵һ顣
˰֮˾Ǳһһֿĸ硣ĸһֱԸһƽϣÿζͱˣ̫Σô㰡
üͷʶؾԼܵܲˡ
ˣô飿㣬㲻ҪŪˣѾ˶ˣ˶ǻģѾ֮ǰǸСˣ
˻ô
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Ĳ֮ǰǸӵģʲôʱأ
벻ͨͲҪˣСôֻεرʾԼԺʱúõĸСú̸̸
ʳõķСۺȻ뵽ʳķˣæؼҷ¯ȸСĳˣȥϰ֮࣬ű˴ҽԺ
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ĽæһϣСһ˯ˡ
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234


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ϾҲǿҪˣϴΰѻеĹøʦ֣һͨ
ҪԺ󲻻Ӱ񾭵ĻǽԴһӣϾͷλصĻ졣
ոջߺĳ°Ŀҽ
죬Ӧò̱ɣ
ڴؿҽҽʹһ
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°ǰһڣûֱ̱ȥҺԱߵ
С嶯ذ̬࣬档
ģҪβĻǼ˾Բ᲻ܵġ
ˣʲô
ſڣȻһŮ˵				

235


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Сʱ򣬼涼ĽҲˣҵҲûҪҽû߰ĻΪҵ־Ǹ˿֣κһĿĿܶӰű˵أôˣչŮҪŮչ㡣㾿ûһ㵱Ծ
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237Ҫ

ողǻúõôողǻԼվͬһսϣԸǣͬôôȻˣ
СЩɲؿƽöԷ˹²һֲҰޡ
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ƽѵһ٣ûлɶԷݵ˼˳ųСĻȥͷ
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Сպ޵ؿųֶԷѾԼ֮ϷŭؿųС塣
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ԣҪ
ſڣȻһ˶Ϥ
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238½ĸ

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°һ̾ԼҪˣɿعӣҪµĽࡣ				

239

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240¹ϵ

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ھȻΪǸ趼ô				

242ì

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243ʲôǰ

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㣬Ҳ֪ЩŮ˼Ҿϲ˵СҲֻ˵ˣôһ˵Ҳôһ
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Сھ͸һؼңһҪ֪˵˭˭û¶ڽֱ̫ˣ
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Ȼ͹˳ִ֣Էľֱܾӵͷ
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СȵĿһ۳СģҪԷԼһѣǲܳСǷô˵һһҪŪ˭ڮŮ
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С
Ű壬һЩΪԵ飬ǰô
⣬ٳĬ
ƺҲ޷ش				

244¶

Ľ˯ˣȴڴϷȥ˯ţԺвͣŸոճΪԼĽǷƵı飬ô붼ò̫ġ
˯ţֱֽ꣬ȥҽԺҺѸոյ˵һ飬һߡ
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Ҳó˼άֱ˼
Ľôῴң
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ιιι˵˵ҪòãôôˣðõĻЩҺӶѾôˣŮѶûУ
ǹİ㡭

˳Щͷ۵ͷ
˵ǹˡڲ˭˭⣬ĽҪڶһܷģǼһȥڣôܰ鶼ϣ飬ϣգĽҲһܡңĵԼǿƣҲһصĴ
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ңٲ֪ĽǸùΪʲôưͣǸøΪǣ쳯ĸҲ̱ڴ˼¡
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Ȼ˫ȭѵ֣׻Ǳ˹Ӻݺݵسͷϣ˹ȥĽû뵽ԷȻôʱɫһ䡣				

245ͻת

ڼ˳Ľƽʱ򣬸ոջһжĬԶԵ׹־Ȼʹ޵ؿĽࡣ
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ҪٸϣˣѾܲסһδεĴˡ				

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Ⱥѱһͷ뿪֮÷÷ɫһ䣬æ׹־ĸ첲뿪Уſڡ				

248

׹־̰ؿǰСϱźӸߵʱ
ɺҲ룬ΪֻԼʹࡣ
֪Լ޷֪һжΪʲôҪ룿
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249Ů

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֮󣬳ʵ				

251ʧ

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ȴԼϵȵģ跭תͼССҧŴͷŭ۽ǻʪʪģԶ׼ոյҺ徿ʲô
ϵı飬оԼĳݺݵرײһһ
飬൱ϤÿԼɷִʱ򣬾վԭأǿַŭĶŶԷһըСʨӡ
ԣ⺢⸱ΪԼ
ոաʲô
Լ֮ǰɷ򶯲ʹӵôǣոպ񲻹Ϊһ仰Լ߳ŭǰ
Σǰȴɿ

裬費ģ衭
ǹģҶ֪ҪľҽˣüǮǲǣҳֹ㣬ʹңǲǣ
ҡҡͷ
Լ´СûдĽ࣬ĽԼŮôĽأ
Ľͣ㶼š
ľ˽㣬ľ˾˾˹ǾͰᵽ˳ס˽㣬Ͱְִũˣ˵ǣ
۾̽յһ̾ĵĶ
ɫһס
ûС
˵ôģ
ôģ
ȷΰߵĹϵ
ҲԼһҪĽɣ
ӣŬ˵衣
ΰʵģľ˾˿Ǵũ˵ġ֪Ϊ˼һֻ۾;˲ã˼һֻ۾Ϊ˰˲Ϲ˵ġͱȽϴʲô飬Ҳݡ
ŬԼһ㣬Ųų⡣
Һְ֣ԸǵĻǲ쳳ˣң֪ҪģǼҿ顣ЩǶ
̾Ϣһ̫ˡ
һȥ裬ȴСһѸƿ
ƭӣǸƭӡΰŲǺˣҶ֪ġûΰԼҲѧģˣŲ˵
첽Զ̾ĳ
ҪĽú˵˵У˿Ƥ࣬ǹ⿿ƤܹȥġѾôĿˣʵڲҪԼŮҲôࡣ
ߣҵдҵĹڡ
СذԼոպĸ׵ĶԻ˵һ飬Ҳüͷ
СһȥǱҪ֪ͨһĽ࣬Ҫ޸Ǹˣǧڳ棬Ҫ
Сһ˵ȥʰ˶Ľи˫͵͵˴ӡ
ϳԷ
ĶˣǲӵӰ
˳һΪǳȥʱʲôʡ
ǳŲæ
ڸأʱ˵飬輸ƣİɣ
˳ûؿһ۷Ƶĳ
ôӶ˲żԺ޵ķݶ
ȥ꣬ǴĺӲһ߰ĺӣǼϱԼûãžϱǸɨǣȥϱһģֱڷҩȫҶûˡ
ȳ˳ѷֿļȫۼһ𣬳ȥ˵ʱ򣬷˴ý㣬ż
·ǿԼʹЦ⡣
ԼӣǶԼ˼ٳ¶أ
Ĳ⺢ôҵأ
ûԼǰվŰۡ
ܿ죬Ҳˣ һ
ӵ˶ųȥˡ
ˮ涼ұˣûˡ
˳ͷңóСȥϹ˼ռƿûеĻȥ濴
СЩܡ
ôСӣ֪Ķôôŵģ
˳ȴòܡ
Ϊǣӿɴء˵ίҪȥ˿һ¡
׷ĳЩζ
ԣ˼ǣԼǺӵˣ
ԸµغͳСһȥϣȥ
ϣռûУ˼ͬûС
Ϊһ⣬մ󺣺ھԼͺݺǶҺӡ
϶챻һ飬ûС
ǹ͵ϣȥ
ҹ
Ų¥ŵƵĹںЩ档
ô¥ø߰
ǰҸոҲһءĲأ
ȥҽ㣿
˵ҽԺ涯ӦȥҽԺҡ
ҽԺﰡ֪֪
֪ǿһ°Ǻˣ·϶ûء
ҸطЪЪɣҽźۡ
Ҳǡ				

252³


һ˷úĩӵĵط˽ȥǼľţͦаȫеġ
ԼĶӡ
Һöô
ҲǣķҲԡǶ˯ˣǾܼˣ
ã
СһһһϣѾ۲ˣ䣬ͷͷ˯ˡ
ֿͣʱǶߵһ¡
С˯ñȳҪĶ࣬һ̫ˣ˳ͷϵľ𽥴ʪ˵ı·
ҹгϵĹҲһ
ꡣ
һ·ɫѿ֮ڳǲٴɫ
Ҳ֪ƺΪԼŵңУŭ顣
⺢ӻ˵ĽҲ֮ǰְôʲôʱ˵ҳˣԼش£Ȼˡ
ҵ֮һҪһɫơ
淢źݡ
ͣͳС˸طꡣ
ķ磬ֱ꣬¡
˸ոո·̫æԸûй˵ͣˣոպԵȫ֡
ǳ֮ǰǳԵ㶫ˣӺö
ԼĶӣü
һʱ䣬Ѿ˼ˡ
Ĵ
ԣƳһۡ
ΪһģӦõĵӦԼĺӶ
ɫһףҧҧЩꡣ
ֲߵģҲҲԵġͣ˵ʲô˼
ͱɱ䣬ĬŲ˵
ԱߵĳСҲԼҴЩ֣СǶ֪ôأӣôС뿪ڶûԵģꡣ
ǰҵĽǻãٳûҵĽ࣬Ҫ·ꣿ
֪Ҫô֪ȥҸ˼ŪԵô
뵽ЩżظҪϽǡ
ҲͬˣʵΪҪչ˳Сͳﳵӳˡ
ҪߣȴԸ⡣
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ٵһ˵ͣˡ
ȴûиͣĻᣬֱҽгһ磬гʧĻС
ڳ˵
СҲԼҴһۡ
㣬һںͣɡ
ͦģǶˣĵطԼһˣ£ǣԼҲгȥ
Ľһ϶û˯ãʱ꣬۾컨һϡ
˯ŵֱ
ʱ̫磬Ū˵ڶŪ֮ǰõŪ˵Ƥʼӡ
ǣȺǴʱ򣬾ŵһŨŨİζ
ֱӣֱӹĽĴȡ
ս㣬ս㣬ҪҪǼҰԺҾͿķˡĺóԶˡ
ٸմⷬùŶӵĶ䣬ݺݵ˼䡣
⼸һ治ĽˡǸȣǸǸˣ Ҳϰô죿
ԱСЦ
⼸Ľ̽ôͷĽˣҸ
ĽҲԱЦ
ʲôʱҪԵĻ˸Ҵ仰ҹС
ƻ᲻˰ɣ
ٺ˺һۣЦſڡ
Уʱ
ôӣƾɶ
Ľ䴽ǣ˵
ؿʼ϶ģʽĽ˹ԹԵϳԷ
˳òˣĽѾ˷Ҵ˰ӡ
ȥҽԺ͵㡣
ҪȥĽ࣬ȴĽܾˡ
ո꣬£Ȼű·нҽԺŰѰ͸ڣ߾ʿ˵
ˣ
һЩ졣
壿С˾ˣôʱˣ·ôʪģһϿˣȻðġ
ʱ˵ԼвðֱӰϷ˵һ飬Ľûм
ӡ
û˵豻ˣôܣ
ͦ۰İ
ģ Լ׿˵ġǾΪʲôҾͲ֪ˡĽ࣬㲻ڳʶ˶ࣿҰɣֱҪˡ
СЩż
ĽȴȻ뵽ԶˮڣԷôʱûж᲻ṷǽ֣Ͼľе
Ҫ͵͵عһӣͳȥټ򵥲ˡ
뵽ԣϱɫ ˵תͷ¥ܡ
ڻĵڰæˡ
˻ûȥͼſڳˣΪ׵˱һӣɤŶ
ҽأС				

253


ӵ˵ţԿʲôĽƳһ۾ͿԼŪ
Եĺܽ˵ʽֻ
Ųһת첽ĳſ˹ȥ
裬衣
˿Ľ˵֣ذѺԱãüĽࡣ
˭ʶ⺢ӣ
ĽָָԼʪĹͺͳСͷ
ǵĽ㣬С壬С˾ˡӳû˵ＱˣһϣⲻСС˾϶ʪء
˻ǲĽ࣬Ҫ˵һص֮󣬲Űӽ
Ľ༱æùͺͳСӱڵķ档
Ѿ˴ϡ
ĽùǰӷڴϣСЩ̫˼
СúһϣȫǺúһ¾һֺڣοҪ˼ҸɸɾĴϷţ
Ͷ˵Ľָʾ·СϣԼְѺӽ˹Ѹɾѡ
СЩεسǡ
Ǹ̫ˣҪҪϴһ°
ĽսҽЦһ
ϴʲôҪǸɾҪСﻹȲһɾĴô
СһμĽôҵذڰ֡
˵ģ˵ġ
ŮҲ̫˰ɣ
ʿӲ£ӵ¼ʮŶȡ
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Ľ֮ǰǣھжŭ
䣬ڲӽĵʱ򣬿Ѫģ˫Сţ˲۾
˶·
ѵôô
ʲô飬ְܱ취룿
翴ˣҲˡ
Сۿ΢죬ǲĺӣӴһһϣǳҲŲס
սȭͷۣպޡ
ǸԹߣһĻֻ
̾Ϣһ
ΪĽĸףΣûꡣ
˭û˵ҳĬؿĽĶһɽŵζ
ڣӵ½ȥĽһǽ
㣬㣬㣬㡣
۾ǰĽ࣬ЩţȻۡһ˽ĽĻ棬ޡ
ĹҲڱĨᣬ֮ǰΪԼˣ
ĽԼ޵𲽽裬
˺ˣô¶£͸ܳˣ
ҭҭظ״˵ҪĽ޸ǸΰĻˡ
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ֻв֪ĳСͷ
ô죿˵ǲ˵
Ľǿس˳ǣǰҩˣֿ˯ţϵıڳ
Ľؿڶһÿ۾ӵʱеԽˡ
˰ѺҽԺǻʲô³
Ͷע࣬Ǹ£ǸͯԼдĽ̲ģԼ·ۿһ쳤ȴ顣
еһΣǲеڶΣ
ĽʣĽЩʧܡ
ֻ̻֪ʶȴ˽̵ѣȨס
ǰʱ仹磬̵ڣֻԼΪʲôûô̸Ƕ
һǶӵĵĺͺ£һǶԼķʡ һֵĻƾǶԳĲ
ŬҪѹȴڿһ˲䣬ǵߵ㡣
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̳ʲôˣССͣΪһС¶ͻҶ죬ͻҳˣ֪֪Ϊǣȫһϣ˵һϣ񻹼ꤵġ
ĽЦһ
ûԷ
ûĽϵЦʼ硣
û԰ʲôԷʱͷ
Ӳˣ⹫żˣĶóˡôûԵĻһһȥʳ㣿
ԼͦõģԷʱ򻹲ǸŮһݣﻹ˵֪Ľࡣ
ðȥ԰
ĽȻı飬üͷЩ
ʲô飿Ƿʲôһһû˵أ͸ҰӡôѾ˵ˣ
ĽЦһ
㵱裿ԲҴûмôġңԺҲˡ֮Ҿȥ֤ϾĸŮϵĸӹϵ
š
˵ʲô
ĽЦЦ
ûʲôֻǺȻͨˣҵľͲҵģǿҲûáһøлԿ֤ϾĸŮϵ治				

254㲻

Ľ࣬㲻Ҫ嶯
ιĽ࣬Ȱ⡣
ʱǿԶϾĸŮϵӹϵģҪһʱ䣬游ĸɷֲõģܶΪǰ;˺͸ĸϾϵĴڡ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪһ֤žС
嶯Ҳ嶯ǰԼİ飬ǿ˵ԼʵҲǰҵģֻĸŮϵûİҪҲѹڣһˣûˣҪĸˣɴûĸ׵֪ҪԣǱʶѧһһס
ѿĽǰһһذˡ
ô˵ԣǻ˵ˣգԼͻΪԼǸˡ̣
Ϊʲôô˵ûСҶΪΪǺá趥ײңҲŶֵġң˵Ҳ㣬Ѿܹˣô
ģĵĽǲ׵ˮǲֺûظ޶֪ΪʲôҹҰɣ
ЩͷۣԼˣ
û
ССĺӾѧ˶ײԼԺȵ˻ˣ
ԼûдֻǴƨ˼ƶѡ
֪ĽŭģǼƣĲĲǷǣĿ⶯֡
һŰֽдʲôͻ켣ϳʲô
Ժ賤֮ȫСʱӰ˵黹кܶ࣬Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
ȥǶϸɾһ˰ˡ
ΪĸףҲ㣬Ҫ׽ҹͨ籨ŵġ
ĽֻҪոǺճϺһţŵѪݵӣоһջǡ
ҡͷ
裬ôӣС¶Ҳһƽϣҵǳ˲ĸĿ࣬ڹøֲáǾˣǼҲüޣҲüޡ
ΪŮҸѵǿһΡ
ӦģĽȴŭЦسǡ
ͬ־ڻûи״ڲڸҪҪ޸Ǹΰڸ˵ҪĸŮϵˣ
Щ±ƣոջĽ˵ЦģΪĸһƶͼĸŮϵ
һӵĻ˵˵ԼΪĽãٶĻߣڶĽ˫֮󣬶ֻһ
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ܣ
Ϊʲôܣ
Ľתͷû˺ͳ˵ȥ˼첽뿪
ܻ߲ܣ˵ġ
վԭأľؿĽıӰȻһֲõԤС
ԼٲʲôĻԼҪʧȥŮˡ
ǣҪʲôأ
Ӧʲôأ
ĽôǸΰҲãĽųΪûмǸˣԲԸɣ
ǲǣ˼棬һ㣿
뷨Ժһ֣ҲƲסˡ
룬˲óԣֱȥСۣ˸۶ûС˵ʲôʲôֻҪС۰ΰҵĵַԼ
Ҫ
СЩֵų
ɫЩĮؿһۣҲ˵һ㲻ҾͲߵ̬ȡ
СҲûɶ¶ɶ¶ҪŮɶɶѡ
֮ǰԼҲȥء
ûиģС۰ѵַ˳
ͣˮܣ֣ⷬµģԼжˡ
ôõĸףΪŮĻ£ŮִԼϾϵԸôϵҪҸ
õĸȥң
ǣ֪ǣȥˮʱˮΰѾˣҲĲ˳棬ңֱҽԺ
Ľո˳ӭĲе
ĵ裬ӹˣͲģСһĽ
ΰûаѹͷϣֻǵƳ˹һְۣĿСϡ
ģֲ
ΰЩء
ЦеظĽкΰԱվŵĲɫҰ׵ضŵ棬֪澿ʲô
ͬ־֮ƺûʲôϵɣҪҰְңɲأҲûҪ˼
ĽС㹻˶õ
Ĳ̧ԼͷŭضĽ࣬ŭؿڡ
֣𾴶ûô
ĽЦ
֪Ұְ㲻Ұְ֣ôվҡ
Ľ࿴һΰζĿڡ
ҪҲи׵ӡ˵ˮ飬һô				

255ֲ

ֲ
Ĳɫ䣬ɲĿĽࡣ
㣬㶼֪ʲô
ʲôֻ֪֪Ҳ㣬λͬ־
ĽΰϣЦݣ֣ء
ͬ־ҪҸңԲɰ첻һлɵǱĸװķ⽨ᣬʧˡ
ΰؿĽһۣΪĴֽоҲΪĽĺľ͡
ӦĿеŮģӦĴݾ
ΰûҪҸ˼֡
ôĽοǲ´ˣ 
㸸׹ģ㣬ֻһ⡣
Ľ°Ĳһ顣
ɫܲȷӡ
ɵΰϣ־ΰһµҡ
ҰѰ
ĲֱӰͷҡɲ˹ġ
ֲҪĽ֪ҪҪˣŮԼϲһҲ޹⡣
ҲŲҪҿȻʲôʱ涼֪
ĲԽǾܾĽԽƶè塣
Ĳΰ뿪֮ĽֱСȥȴֶԷȥпơ
Ľ˱۾סԼ۵׵ʹΡ
飬Ըĵطչˡ
ԣĲʱĽΰ
㾿ôԷŹ
޸ң
ܣ
Ľشİ㶼ԥѾתתһ㡣
㿴ƻῼһ¡
ĽӹΰݹĶѾ׼Ǳһ
ĲǷΰǧٰ߰ʮ
Ƿ
˱۾ٿԱΰЦ˹
֪ģ޸֮Ǯһʹ˵һԸռ˸һǮٸ谲Ź
ĽЦһ
ΪԼͨ죿ǧٰ߰ʮǺôһǮֻǲ֪ͬ־Ǯģã
ȻҪܣҼȻó͸ãҼȻãƶû˸׷
ΰ˵ЩʱЩȻЩƶ
Ľɫȴ黹Ǹ˷ˡ
ΰ
ҽ칫ҵűƿĲΡΡ˹ȴܿĽߣΰĶ߰Ѹոյļ˵˳
һ϶ѣһϣôӣ
Ĳʱڲ
ΰһȶˣֻǵȵ֮ԼſһѾѹ˵Ůˣһڴ֮ͥ±ץ˼顣
ΰѹȥˣӿʼ˵һҹǸŮ˵ֲ˵ĲԽԼﶼԾҪȥ
ΰƢȥϿ˲ŵطҪ濴
ɽһġ
һҹ֮ĵֲ
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ԣһֱϲĽҲ̧ۿĽһۡ
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ĽȴƤЦⲻЦһĲ
㲻ҪˡҪ˵ĻԼȥޣҪҵ⣬һŹǡ
Ĳ˿ûаĽĻ¶ֻĽ
൱ô˵ԼӣҲ޹⡣
Ľౣֻ֤ҪռҵŮͱ޹ȥ
Ľ񾭲һһֱ֮Žпҽ칫ҡ
ĽҽԺĺˣ˭֪ƵƽҽΪĽԼһû˴ĽѯĲʱҽҲЩΡ
ûµҽҰְ֣ȻѧҽģҲҽ
ҽǺ֨֨صҪĽҲ顣
ֲ֮䶼ᴫȾģǰϣơ
Ľ֮ҪͳϾĸŮϵǺֻǲ֪ҪŰãȴ
޾鷳ô졣Ҳ֪ܱȾʱܹ޶ԡ
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ڲ֪ʲôʱĽ
ҪҰæô				

256²Ҫ

Ҫ
Ľҡͷܾڿ͵ʱĽ೯֡
ԼĲ²͹˵һ£ҪϵռҰմ󺣣ȥҰ߳ˡ
ʵһֱھΣԼĽʲôæʱܵı˭졣
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Ҳָ˽սˣƫƫڣ㿴һҪ
Ľû˵üĽš
ĲǷµһǮȴΰôԼԭ
ͶԽߣرʾԽ
ΰʲôˣҪԼϵõʲô
˵ͣгȥռң
һжմ󺣣մҪһԹӣһԹ޶ϱ˶ˣúùӲôʲôʲô
ĽǺô
ģֻҪǸһҪĴڼٸĽ൷ҡ
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Ǹ˺һܴĹٶġ
Ͷմ󺣲ʲô̫ϣĽתҲô˵ˡ
ֵ֮˳ңҵĳ˳Ҫֱ˵һҪúýѵһ³С
˵ĽҪͳϾĸŮϵ˶Ϊѵüͷ
Ҳȥô룬ĽʲôѡޱվĽߡ
Լأ
һ·ҵңĸһ̽һӭϣһ̸
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ǳΰĽʹһ֮⣬ʲôá
ЦݣĸЩֹ
ôˣ
˳ĸкݺݵһŰԼѾ׼õĴ˵˳
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˵
ġ
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ԭǰиϲǼҹΰȻŹΰȾƺʱΰıѣ֮Ҫ˵ΰǿ
ĸɫȻãһ⣬æ
ȡ
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ͷ
ǸŮأ
ˣѾˣʱҪ޸ΰŮˣôҪ̫ˣв˵ȢĻȥɳΰʲô
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ǰָһǮŰǴ֮󣬹ΰκŮ˶ģҲûܶһ
ϲһҲΪǼ鲻˶֪
뵽Լ֮ǰԩĽͺ飬Ҳ̲סͷ
ҥ̫ˣûеǷҪ˵ȥҲԺʲô
ǣΰһɻҲ˵뽻ɢ
ΰͷŻؼңͷͽӵϢңĸ˵
ĲȥңĲ˵ֱӾܾ
һΪԼȾëҪڶΪҪȥķ档
ΰûֱ̫ӰӸչˣԼؼҼˢĴڸС
֮ǰͺĸ˵ĲˣȼΰͶԷ̸֮󣬸ΰǸиˡ
ʹ󣬵ء

ĸΰͷæ˵Ļ̡
ΰź֪˵Ĳ֮ǰ˵Ҫǹͽ顣
üûĲϢէһ˰ΣȻ֮󣬼æץסΰĸ첲
˵Ĳ˵ˣϲأô¶
ΰһɫ
û˵ĲʲôֻǰԼڴ֮ǰĽǷֽ˳
򣿡
ͨһϣ۾ǰǷֱֱ
ôôࣿ
ũʱҲǴʮǮѡ
ңⲻ٣
򰡣
൱ҡ
˰֮ææץסԱΰĸ첲
أĲأ
ôôǮʲôʱܻꣿ
ΰɫǲ뿪ڣؼʱĸѵΰһ١
⺢ӣôŰǮǮɲһСĿ
ΰһƶʾԼ൱ί
Ҳ֪ǰЩӲǳȥѧϰô֮ͲˣҲҲûи˵				

257ͱ

ϴȥ
ֱİ嶨
ĲڶĲ
ոӮѵ˷ܣ۾ϵɫӣ۾һ¡
Ĳ
ɿ߹ȥ˴
ҪﰡӮˬ죬㲻Ҫﵷҡ
Ӯ˶٣Ӯ׼ˣڸһؼҡ
ĵȥקĲҪԷԼؼҡ
ĲȻԸ⣬ģûһĲǰոӮĳȫˡ
ݣ
ĲһжǳɵģԼɨǡ
һԼʲôûˡ
Զ˵˳һ⡣
ĲǰڼһˣŮ˶ֵģһţ˺Ů֮ദҲʹŮ˵˲溺ӡ
ĳˣֱϻʹϮий񾭣ŶȻѹ
ȻֱӳĲ˹ȥ˴
Сʱ֮ҡ
ͷɢĸԱ߰ο̣ĲһʱͿ
ĲñӴţ˵Ůһʶơ
Ĳһû˵ҲľԼӦö֣ǸŶûС
ûС
ֽͱˣҲ֪ĲʲôֻҪ뵽ǮǷ̲סͷһ
ӣ¶ɵúú룬˵Щ˿׼ġǵĻ˵ᱻԡǿʲô鶼ɵóǮ㻹
ĸս˳Σ
ûʲôҲ֪ǷǮûĵ
°ռҺͳҴһһ򶼴ղο
ü˼ĸĵرʾĽ޹ĻǮǼҿԻ
ʱٳٶ۵ĳҲòԾˡ
ôǮ
ûûСҪһҲǶйôҲСлԼմգȥһܻϵġ˵䲻ģǼұǼöˣҲʲô
治ζ
Ľ֮ǰĻڶ˵ǾΪǮȨˡдʵķڣЩûʲô
ǮҪô죿
룬Ĳ˼ҡ
һ·ϣ˭û˵ǻʶһ
ȥ֮󣬳Ƿմ󺣣֮һԲĻӡ
մ󺣿Ƿûʹȥ
Ĳ˹ıⵣͿʼϳ顣
죬˶ıĲۼˡ
Ҳ̲סֱմ󺣾һ󺰴С
ҵĴֻʱáòˣȴҲˣذҵĺȫˡΪĻǮѾˡ
󣬻Щһ
ңҲ˵ˣֻҪĽ޹ȥǼǮԵҪġ㲻ĽôЩðһõĶؼˣˣ
մҲ̲סֱ̧һݺݵذصسĲ˹ȥ
ĲᣬɿزܿˣմȴûбܿΪûˣڹԵãݺݵسԱˤ˹ȥ
ĽǰҹӵϢմεסԺˡ
룬ӽչˣԼҴҵϸϡ
ãҸĸҲ
˳ǼֱĽ࣬ôôͿŮּһͿŮ
Ľ࣬үүô
Ľմ󺣺֮æڡ
ŭģһ춼ãҪסԺ
Ĳһվ˳
Ȼ֪סԺȥסԺѽ˰ɡ
˿ûп
Ľ࿴ĲһۣûзԵسȥǮΪմ󺣣ΪĲ
ĲЩôŮ˵ʲôҪȥʲô
Ĳӣ˳ֱҪһƴȥҽԺĲӡ
ҽԺֲ̫࣬ĽԸµ
һ˻˼ҡ
ĲҪȥͱĸסˡ
ôˣҹأﲻ˯ѵҲ˯ôˣȥ˯ˡ
ǰĲ¿ϳңҲĿ˵
˳һۣ׷ܿõԷеĴ㵺ŭ
վס
Ρ
ʵ˵ҾŵʲôôصҪĽǸƣ
ĸ˶֮Ȼ൱Ƴ硣
ĲЩͷĻӻ֡
գҲճ޸ȻҪЩֵԼռ˲ģ˾Ͳ߶ˡѾ˶֡
Ĳ̬ȺǿƣҪĽ޹ȥ
޹ȥĻ˭ԼǮ˭ԼǮң˵ǣǸŮ˾ΰ򷢵ģһҲĽ಻޹ȥȫ˵ȥҪҪˣ				

258ƹˤ

˳ٴһ
ĽҲŮԼ˵ҺҪҪܣ
ͷ۵ͷ
ԼҪТ˳һ㣬ڱǮҲŽҽԺ԰סֻ˵ѾӣȹͰĽ޹ȥ
뵽ҵһлЩˡ
㲻õģĽ޹ȥһúõġ
ģǵ˺ðɣ
֪֪ĽҪϾĸŮϵ
һ㶣ȻЦҡҡͷ
һ˵ѵôң ҲûжôҪȥ֤ţҲû˻ɣ
ų޿ֵģ͡
ˣҪԵͷѧ᳤
֪ĽҪϾϵ˵Ҵҵ˹Ҫһ£ɿŮû˵
ԣҲ˵ˣһƹˤı֮С
ĽԺϲϾĸŮϵԶˡ
ĲҲĽĸҺǶϾϵһͳ˯ر㡣
Ĳ֪Լ˲һˣԼŮ˹Լߣﻹ̵ס
ǣСѽѽػζһҹ
Сζһҹڵĳ˳Ҳһҹ۾
ʱ˵ĺ۾ɫѿ
մ⻹ڲţԼŮҽԺТ˳ţȻһ
˳˵ԼҪؼңʲôϾռңǺһµҪ³Է
˳ݺݵعŮһۡ
ԳԳԣ˳ԻʲôĽô裿ôŮ
˵Է࿴ԼŮһöġ
ǸүһͻڴϲĺŮ
ؿһŮĻҪ˵ҲöԷýȥС
Щܵشͷس̵·Ϻͳ˳ԺҪô졣
ô죿裡Ҹ˵βĽô˵ôǶˡŮóȥҶˡ
֮ǰŮϧ
ȴˣ֮˱пɺ֮
ҽԺ
մһͼĽſԱ˯۾ģǺü춼ûú˯ˡ
еϲԳĽҲϸ˹
үүҪϲô£ȥЬӡ
մ˲ĽѾëѾݹˮȹˮϴ
רĵĽ࣬մԽԼԲ
Ĳӣȴ飬Ľ⺢ӣ;һ̡
ԲסĽࡣ
ģմҲ˵ˡ
үү˵Բ𰡣ûʲôԲҵģңԺ˵ҪԲˡ
մ󺣺۾Ųڡ
Ľҽ귿뿪֮󣬸մ˵һ£Լؼ
ͬ־ҸŮôТ˳
ڴһӣһˣĽൽҽԺʱû쿴ĽŪŪǸ۾Ľ
մЦˣ˼ҿԼТ˳Ӧø˵أ Ǵʱȴô˲
Ǻӣ̫ˡ
ǮҪôĽ˵
һǶӣһŮ
˵ǸΰҲãҲòãõĻĽôԸޣ
ӶϱأôŮչ㰡
һ仰˲һѼ⵶ݺݵزմ󺣵ѡ
˵ϣϣӣȴһǣԼ˰Լڴϣܲ˵ѩޣԼԲסĽࡣ
Ҫ׬ǮңҪԼѧҵҪӦôĵ¶Ŷ󰡣
մɥ۾˵Ծʧԣת˻⣬е鶼ΧĽת
Ľ࣬Ĳл˵˵˺óԣ˵˵ǸһǼҵĺµһģ
ҲкӣԼҺʲô֪ܲҲ֪ҳǶǻ̵ģԸûմ󺣵Ļ棬ûãͼĽ˷Ͱš
򿪷У涼ǰọ̃ͺ͵ζϣĹ֡
үүе̣ȸһȻٳԡ
һȫĳ߿˹
ʵ̫ˣǰģԼĲŷ˼ҵȣֱǻȻӡ
մȻܵ˵ߣЩԵá
ǲң
˰ɣ
Ľ࣬װ˶ٰжĻҷֵϾһסˣܼҲԵ֡
ĽЦõؿմ۾ĵ⣬ЦеӦ˷Ͱ涼һõıȽ϶ࡣ				

259²


ӴĽ࣬ʲôóԵģҾ˵ôҽԺôһŨŨζ
Ľ൱ҽԺʵϰԸҽʶ
ҽս𣬺ڿƵΣƽʱ˭ЦеģմҲġ
֪ûԷĻҹͶˣ
ξ֪Ľô˵С¶󣬻󷽲С
С˭ϲ
ˣˡĶҿɳԲ𣬹һ뷹ƾһķǮҿɳԲ𡣡
ûѹͣ˶õ
˵Ҫҳ飬һ

ĽмԷάԼҲûɶ¶Ǽ̵¶ҲԲ˶١
壬ôö˰ɣʵҪ˵ɴֱӻؼסţĽչ㣬㻹ɶ
մ󺣼ҽôϲĽ࣬ôĽ೤ܸ˵صͷ
Ҳôġ
ĽЦЦû˵ȻССԽϣԽСúš
θմ˵˼仰֮󣬰Ľ˳ȥ
˵ϸ磬Ůô
ģϿúܣóԣ
˵ʲôʲôΰŮгȥﰡ

˵һ仰˵һ仰մĺõӦţסԺƺ̫Ѱˡ
ϧûгãӺͶϱ͹ˡ
滹˷ֻǹ⿴Ƿͣմ󺣵üͷĿԼһֻӬ
ĽԼڳԵ䲻ġ
ʱĽԷմԼҲмĵãڳ˷֮Ͽʼں
ǼŲǮ㲻֪˲ܳʹĶô˺ˣˣôܷһ𡭡
Щ±ơ
ⷹԼҲոڼ˰ͦóԵİ
Ϊմʳר˲أ
ĲȴЩְ꣬־û¶¶
֣㲻ҪԳķĻɴͱˣĽǸѾͷɣ
մץסص㡣
Ľոûؼң
ſںȻĽĻ
ûлؼңȥ˵߱ȽϽ
ĲĽûһֱӱ뿪
ǳԥһ£û뿪ָϵķĽȥԷ
Ľ࿴˳һۣҪѷߣԹˡ
ⲻǵһαĽŭôǰҲ
˭ҵܵݶϣ
˵ģǵġ
Բԣ˭㡣Ժ󶼱ԡ
ŭʰҪߣĽسǡ
ôھҪô֮ǰ˵Ҫôôôͱˣ
ƺ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵Ĳ飬ݺݵһڿˮ
ΪҲ벹ôҲҪһС
Ľ룬һᡣ
ԲҼ޸ΰĻҾԭ㣿
ΰ
ΰ
ΰĽˣ
Щ֮꣬ǰ;ΰȽҺĽ࣬Ͼĸ˻ȢԼŮǿƵ

ңԷǮǷԸæǮ
Լ˵ľ飬ΰ䡣
ôĽҲüˡ
˳ĻĽ䴽ǣתͷ򲡴ϵմ󺣣ʽԼ
үү˵ҶͶΪҰԲû˺ӣôҲϡҪԼĻŲͶ£ô
ɫһ䣬
У
Ľûɶؿմ󺣡
֮ǰô̵棬޲ڸմ󺣣ԼҪϾŮϵĸŮϵҲǺռûʲôϸˣմ󺣿ܲͬ⣬ϾԼСųĺӡ
ȸմ󺣴һԤ룬Ȼ˶˦һԻСһ
Ȼմ۾
ΪĲͳĺ֣ҵĺûˣô꣬ûôͨŹҲĽĶʱؼ˵㶫
մһֱҪһˮƽ飬ôܶƽ
һֱ϶涼һ񣬳մܺľذ϶ҵĺҲˤһΪ⳥
ԣһֱкޣ֪
ˤӣԷһӣаɣ
ԣմ룬ǾĽ뷨Ա߳ǼֱҪ˵롣
ȲżȹҺ⹫һ
¡
ҲǶԳ˵أҲǣƳһֶΡ
㲻Ը⣬Ըˣ㻹ܲԸ⣿
Ľ䴽ǣЦеصͷ
˱飬֮ǰմ󺣵ѾʧؿһĽࡣ
Ҫ˵ŮⱲΡ				

260¸


Ľûʰ˸ոյķУ˴к֮ȥˢ롣
ֱը˹
˶ǴӵģʼľĽ࣬ǳĽТ˳òǳ˶ҵĵƫĽ಻һ
Ǽ游ĸ̫ ˭Һӻѡȥ˼ҵĺӣ
ϸոմ󺣶ӵ飬մһѾı飬ҶԼˡ
ϸ磬ģж︣
մҡҡͷĨһ۾
˵ж︣Ůûӡ
ûʲôѣǰһϹ
죬Ϲ붼ûˣл˵Ҳ̵鷢̫ˣƣӦԡ
ȫͬˣһôʶ˵Ҳûʲô
Ľ˵˳һ˵һʡ
ռҶԲĽ࣬ҪǿǺӼˣ˵ȥ
ĽϴͷִЩͬѰٿմͨ۾ʲô²ģ
үүһ飬ȥ棬ݺչòã
ݺûʽƽʱҲҵ¶ɣ˵Ҫչմ󺣣ݺ˵Ӧ
մûţĽҽãҪβ֪
ǣҵ¶ݺ֮ĵǮݺҪȥ
籨ǵ
ݺȻû˵ү˵Ļ֮󣬲ſˡ
ĽҪĵ
ǹ硣
ոճ극־ͽӵʾָĵ籨
Щ棬ôˣ籨ˣ
һүѾСˣиʲô紵ݶ˵͡
첽˹ֻǵֱʱеĲһ
ֻ֣ѯ־ôˡ
ǲǵˣ֮ǰ˵ӦûȥҪ˵á֣æһǸٺòã
Լνɵɷȥһ
ء
ǼѾȥˣѾҪˣȻ۵㣬Ǻܳʵ㡣
ӵطеĵ籨ӵؿŲ
벻룬иӣ
ֵƾ·첹ʱָһɣ֮ڵء
ɷ˵ʲô˼
Լô
۾ǿĳ˳ǣѵҡҡͷ
֪ôҶԲ㣬ûиһӡԣʲô뷨Ҳġҡ
˲ػ־֪Լ
Цõס˲ļ
ں˼ʲôأҲĴҶԲס㣬Ⱳû취иӡ籨˵ҪĽ̵£ô
Ľࣿ
Ľࣿ
뵽˵ǸֺСѾͷʱǼĶˣĽͣɫ
ĽѾʮ˰ɣɩԸ⣿
Լûȥ֪Щƣ
ûǲոһĸˣЦĲļ
ģȻѾ˵籨˵ɩԸģϾǻһӲô
Щ꣬Ǻͼߵòֻ̫˵ɩһкӣĽ࣬ɩ
û죬Щûаѻתĺӡ
˵ɩΪʲôôĺݣСڹӣôܲܺأ
ּ˵Ĳܻ䣬Ѿ˵ԼҺӣ̲סЦЦ
ǲܺӲãܲˣãʹˣӲã˺ҲǼһֳɵġã
ͻȻ۾ޡһۣҧŴ˷俪ʼԼôղĶ
ⲼƱ֪ҾͲڻˣĻŴܸĽ㲼ȹӡģСﴩȹһÿ
ֿŲºܸߣ䴽ǡ
ȹӿİҼǵˣ
Сﲻϲͷʲôô
ҡҡͷԼĶٰһ¡
ʲôЬӰɣ㲻˵ЬӺܺÿҲܺôô
ԼŮֹĿʼҶ۾˿̫
»
ˮҽӭһСˡ
벻ģˡ
Ľ࣬˰ûûԵĻȥʲô
ĸĽ۾
ĽЦелĸ˵˼ԼϲԵĲˣ˿ûп˼
ĸûˡ
úúãھȥˣھȥ				

261º


Ľ൹ǱʾҪĸһȥ
ĸ֪֮ǰʳɻʲôһ۾֪粻ô
ĸĽĸ첲Լĸ첲ϣԼӶ˼֡
ҡͷ
ĶܰǱȽæˣô˵ҲҪġ
ãһֵʱĸӣϰ˳˹ҪȥΰؼҳԷ˵пˡ
ӿĽһֻۣ죬ĸнȥˡ
ΰûȥϰ࣬Լ˽µõĺܣôѡȥϰࣿ
˵пˣһƯŮӣһĽĳ࣬ΰֱָ̣˵ߣ˽жвס
ʵǰҪȥĽؼңΪĽҽĲҽԺβãĽȴκˣԼôҲҪԿ
ǼĽ֮־ŮҪ޸ġ
Բĺ
Լθڡ
һ·Ҳ룬Ľιʲô˼
ˮܣԼĵƶûĽѾҪͶˣ
ܣ
֮󣬿Ľ೯ЦŵģҲ̲סͷ
ѵԼˣ
ӣҲѰġ
ĸˣҸ˵˵ô
ĸЦĸһ޲ϰ붴ʱæߴΰ䡣
ڡ
ΰóһ̣Ҫϣǿһǰ˫ڰ׷۾ǰ̺
ôң
ĽЦ֮ǰųΰ˲һ
ΰüͷֻʣһֻ۾ֱֱشĽ࣬Ц
һ㣿ʲôЦεҪɰɣ
Ľҡҡͷ
æҾͼ޸㡣
ΰЩ棬ʲôæܹĽ˵ⷬ
Ұʲô֪Ҳ֪Ҳ׷㶯ʲôֶҼ޸㣬ΪҪңҲʶ㡣ǣװİְֺ裬ƺЩֵҪҼ޳ȥֻΪԼ˽е㲻ˡ
ΰ֮ǰ֪ĽǸˣû뵽ôģ
ûҪԼĸĸ֡
Ҫô
ĽЦЦ
˴Ϲ涨ɣԣֻҪͶѣܼ򵥡
Ȼ󣿡
ȻҰ赱ΪһЩС¶û˺ӣӹû취ٻˣôТ˳԰ֲһ¡

Ȼ󣿡
ͨӦÿ԰æתһ»ڰɣ
ΰĿתضþúþãȻͷһЦ
ãӦ㡣
Ľ䴽ǣԼذ׵ָΰ˹
졣
ΰԥһ£ǰԼ˹ȥ
˿սССС֣ΰǳһĴУ̲סһ
ȻԼϱΰҲˡ
вҪĽܣҲֻһ֮󣬺ʿİѷŸˡ
ĸ浨սľԼ泳ߴ
ԼҶӵıƢĽЦ滢̹
ҵǣ˳ʱ˵Цģദܺг
䣬Ľڿĸʱü߹ȥùĸĵذ̶ûС
ⷬĸ۾Ľ˵ҪôȥζվԱߺϲ£졣
ΰվԱĽΣĽֻԼּۻ۵ģ̲סȻһЦ
ԭģҲãǰ¶³һ棬СӦöȽԸɣ
ӵϢҲˣĽķ˸ʳָ󶯡
һ˺гһ˷֮ΰ˵ҪĽؼҡ
Ľû˵Ҫȥϣֻ˵ȥҴ塣
ҴΰûȥȻᳵ·
˳ڴӵ棬ΰҪӲܵط˶ĽΰĳӺ棬ǣ֮ǰѾҵҥٴӿ
ոϴ·ʱˮͼĽһг
ԭ˭ǵǸתͷʱһ
ΰ
Ľ࣬ҹ
ŭذĽ˹
Ľ೯Ŵк֮תͷΰӻ֡
ѾӦҪˣֻҪӦҵ˵ҵļˣͿԼˣټ·עⰲȫ
ΰԭΪĽһµģû뵽
ֱӰìͷ
۾ؿĽĸ첲ЦһһɣһᣬгѾ䳯ʱ·ȥ
ţҪҲǱΡ
ǱΡ
Ȼ˭Ը⻻裿				

262


üͷ塣
˭ˣ˭ˣҴȡ
ĽЦݲ䡣
ðŰҰȣұ֤һӺúźǡ
ʱ
Ǿ仰һݻѡ
Ķ֣ģ᲻á
԰žͲҪ˵ˡҰְ֣趼ҪҼˣܲô
ɴЦݵĽܾ࣬⺢ˡ
ЦݻǸЦݣɸоǱˡ
ɲܱ䲻䣬ڻĽ֣üͷ
壬ġ
Ǹΰ䡣
ôҰŲЩأˣǮѵôܱһǮô
˳仰ɫࡣ
˭˵ǮҲ
ô⹫ȥҰɣΡ
Σ˻˳˳
˳˵һ˴Ľʶؾ˾ΰԼæʲô
ôТ˳ȻҪְĻ˰
ΰС
ô
ĽеһǷ˳
ǣȴ˵أ
һʽݵǷĲһţΰһ
ʲô
˳һۣЩɵһۣʱŭɶ
ĲأȥȥĲ
תͷһûˣ뵽Ѿ˼ҡ
ǣֳϴȥϺ˻
Ľͱʲôûһûûεػ˯
Ľ˯ӣ̾Ϣһͷ
ǺӣԹˡ
˳Ƴһۣûؿڡ
ϻܲԹôҪ㣬ܲԹΪ
ļҵ飬ǷָҾȥǸѾͷѩ˵Ǹء֮ǰ˵ҪڼһֱסţСǶ飬أ
֮ԼͷƤ顣
֮ڨڨһԼ
˼ǣĽ࣬Ѿ֪ˣ
ĺϱĵҲʲôã
ֻϱĻϾԼӣ˵ܾͲܣˣȻܲȥϰ࣬ΰĶȥĽҲ˵ţʱ;Ľ˵˶£ǲҲ£
ĽԼҲԹԾС˼ʱͰѼҷˣҲĽǺӿվĽߵģϱǹܲˡ
ǵʱһС˼ѣǺӵʱҲû
˵ʲô
˳Աź̴ţ֮Ż˿ڡ
ĺϱɣǹҪˡ
ګګ
治Ҫˣ֪Ľ࣬Ҳš߿ѾȥôʱˣѶûСͻȻǻԸô
˳ƳһԼӣôķޣ֪ܲʲô
֮ǰһѡ
һС˼ԸԸ⣬ҲҲȻĻֱӰѻڴǼǨȥûôТ˳Ķӡ
˳һ˵ŷֶԷĶϽŵȥСȥ

СӦһҪȥȴԼϱקס˸첲
զˣ
Щɻ
ϱǵСһȢģСӹΣĽСϱߥֵģġԼϱڿҿңʲôԵĺȵĶ͵ͦصġ
磬СǸô
ԼϱһϲСǳ⣬ôһ˵СϷӦæü
ʲô˼
ѲɿСĵǸ
СռСô˵æ֣ʾԼǸ˼
ֻǾáĽǺܺãе֡
Сݺݵһ
òĽǺӱȽϵ˭ãͶ˭áС
СԭҪɷģȻɷ˵һͨŴ˵ͷ
кܶ໰˵
ϾԼֻϱ˼ӣĸӡ
Ľ˯һѾЬӳţﲢûˣ̧ȥüЦŵĵСա
Ľ࣬ˣȥɻˣһ
Ļ̌ۿһ۸Լ˵ĵСգЩ֡
λԼ˵Ĵָ
ЦӦһȥתתֱСսס
Ľ࣬ǰһûм޹ʱ˾˸˲ٶĲ̫ãԶ˼˫Ьӡ
˵ŻѾѶĽС
Ľͷ˿еĶ̽Ŀ⳯ɨ˹ȥֶԷСؿһ˳ӵذЬ˹¶һĨЦݡ
裬лл
Ľ˶СڷԼһġ
·ۣûȥɻСոĽݶһĻ̲סһ
ͽĽ࣬˰ɣ
ĽҲû˳ŵ˼ڼһˡ				

263¼Һ

ϴĲͳؼңССۻСӰӡ
˳һĻ֮˶һۣԵı鶼Щ֡
ĽЦԱ߿һĻ˵
˶ѡģڵЩѡ
ôϽǹﰡ
ĲüͷϲҲϲˡ
ǴӣԼıͺԼһһԼƷڣÿιԵñǱϾԼĸܲܲ
㣬Ƿģ
˳Ľ֮ǰóǸǷϣĲɫһӾͱˡ
Ǹ
ҪԼԼһô
˹ӡ
Ҳ֪
ó˿Լ
ҲֽʶؿһԱЦŵĽ࣬һŭ
һǹҵģΪŽҵıһô
һǷŭسĽŭ
⹫ƫ޿֣Ҹ㣬ǸǣҲѾ϶ˣ
㣬ôˣô¶
ǰǰлú˵Ҫܡ
нҲúȰȰ㣬Һˡ

ܳʲôĿģҶ˹һȰ˵š
ûȰ˵ˣ Ա˲Ȱ˵ţѹֵĻԽԽ
Ľ࣬Ǻú˵˵㶼ʲô¶㲻˵ҪҵŮô㲻˵Ҫȥôȥ˵ʲô
ĽЦݣüų
˵ģ

˵ĵȻģֻΪĽһѡ
仰˳˳
ô¶Ľ˵ʲôŮˣ
ίذ֮ǰ˵˳ίֱĨᡣ
Ƕ˵˵裬һẦô裬Ҳʹƣ͸ҳߣĽ໤ţôǰһĺӣһ࣬˾ͱҽѵҲˣ
СǸųһ˵ģԺܲͬ
㣬㲻Ҫ˵ίզ˵СΪ˽Ľ࣬ŵ¶ѪݣǼʱһϣѪģأ
СҲü
㣬Ǹΰ˵һǧһ򶼲ܼޡһˡ
ϴվԱҲ
㣬ĽǸúӡ
ǰԼʲôһݣǸġ
ǰڼ棬˸ĸҲ˵һģҶʱֵַܼԼû
Ľ࣬ĽǵĻ
ĽıڿŮڿԼĽ׼һ㡣
㾿ʲôԻҩ˵û
˳λϣͣԼḷ́ͣ۾ȴѴҵķӦ̾Ϣһ
˵Ļš
ĽȻ˵ŮֻȻҲó
ңǼ֮ǰһƫĵĻ˵Ľ྿ʲôӦ⼸ĽߵıȽϽĶǶͬ⡣
ֱʱѡ
뵽Ҳ̲סˣѺϵ˿˳Żڡ
Ĳ㣬Ƿô
Ĳͷڣ˳˵
ǼٵģǾͱġ
˳ûаѻ˵꣬ȴĲһǰͺ³˳﷢ĵͷ
ǣ
ȻģǷԼô
ĲͣĽǱһۣ˹ӣҧҧ
ǵļ¡׵ܣǲҪˡûóҰһ
ԭ֮ǰĲֵúܽΪĽ飬ֺĲվͬһսϡ
ǰԼǷˣԼԻġ
ʱЩ
ѲΪǻ֮ǰһпųҲɣǱߵѾ˵ˣֻҪĽ޹ȥһӭж⡣
˳û뵽ԼȰ⣬Ȼһ³ʱŭһӡ
ǻôԼŮ˻ô
ԱҪȰ˵һ£û뵽˳öࡣ
ﾯ㡣ִĽңԺ㲻ҪˣҲҲ
ҶʱһĿ׷˳Ͽ
ģ
СտųĬĴý㣬̲סȰ˵һ䡣
㣬ҪĽ޵úãȻĿġǺ˼ҲֻһҶѰ˵
ʱŭ±˵Ļŭذһơ
ﵷʲôңǳң˵ķݶô
СһûվȣصؿŰϣʱ۵Ŷӣͷð亹				

264ǰ

ǰ
СˣԼϱԼţ˵޽˳Ҿǳˡ
æסԼϱżæŵѯû顣
Сհڰ֣ԼС׹ۣ˵û¶û˵ڡ
һ¶ѣװģôǲǴΪڰҸϳȥ㵹ǶĽõúܣǸӣǸЬġ
Աߵ·˵Щͷ˳ǡ
Ľ಻ù͸ˡ
СҲЩȻԼϱЩʱûи߹ϱ֮ǰԼĻҲԼЩ⣬ŭˡ
ô㲻ľͲЩ˾˾
ôң޵ҾǳˣѲɴ޵ռңڻԼռˣ
Сճ˳Сĸ첲ҪСҪ˵ˡ
Сͣ˲ˡ
СҲϣĽ޵ңǳ仰൱
λʹ컰һ㳣˵Ļʹĸ׸ǼҡʱҰɲơ
ǰ²ؼ߸߹Ҳڡ
źȥżסաǰն绹˵ҪҴźǹȥ
Щİļˣͣ±ϡ
ûҪдҲǵĴ
˳ͷһãȻ֮ᶨĴŮһλԼôӡ
Ǳȳ˳ʹ졣
ô˵Ļ㼸ǵǸ
ǸΪʲôҪǸû
žģô꣬ҲռûʲôУǾóҲԼļҡ
֮һֱռңΪĲڶѡ
һҪ˵ʲôͼǱ߳¶
ŶֱӶ˵ϣɫˢףɫˢס
СȻ뵽˵ԼҴɩƵһ£ЩżȥĽࡣ
ڵһɹ
Ľһ£˳Сһҩȥץҩ
еȣǼڶڣżҪĽһ¡
Ŷû롣
ıʱĽ
˵ֲ˵ΪôʱԼ֮ǰĽĺþι˹ؿһĽ࣬˦ӳţסȥгץҩĳС
ԣ˳ȥҽǮԼ
浱Լѧҽ벻ˣ
˳Ҫôʱ۶ӣ
ûسһ±ƵĳСڰ֡
ģϿȥץҩϱĺҪ
Ľޱվԭأ˵ĻԼһӰ춼ûУǴŵ֣ǿس˴ǡ
̫ˣĽ㲻Ҫ
ոռʱĽѹ˼¶ӣʹѾ˼֣Ȼ顣
Ľ൱ȥ¸˿ҲȥǴӣĽԲΪԼ˽˸˲˵ˡ
Ľ೯ЦЦҪҪģԼų˳ݡ
˳ᡣ
ִĽˣ͵ûҳСҲҪѹˣúûϰ࣬ȻֱӰѻǨߣԺ޹ء
СϾͱ
ƾʲôĽǵŮѵĸͲǵӣðǲҪãҰͲĸǼίء
仰ǳ׵ȼ˴ҵŭһҲ۾ȥԼٴκСվͬһսϡ
С˵ûΪһŮĲҪô
·Ա߽ϡ
ĽˣɴֱӰǶˣԺĽǣĽա˰ɣ
ϴȥ··ŭˡ
ҸҲҪ˵ĽһʺӡĻҵĺôĻ
·û˵ᶨƵվĽߡ
ɩ˵⻰ҾͲˡ﷿ΪĽ¶ûӵ飬治ĽĴ˭ʧʱˣҴӣúö˶˵أ˵ˣȥõЩĽġ
·дʡ
ǰҵġЩôȥȡôûˣĴ
죬ɫѿһӡ
ˣ飬Цô˵䡣
˵֮תͷĽࡣ
ԣˣΪӣˣˣ
˳֪Լӽ쾿ʲô裬æĽҪ˵㻺͵ĻȴĽѾվһ֮䴽ǡ
ǰںܸˣأˣҪΪԼΪ۵ģôһ¶һˡ
˵ֿ֮˵ζ
Ҫ޸ΰһ޵ģϣǲҪ
ڡңȰʱĻȥҽԺ壬Ͼ˵˼ô࣬ҲһõĶȥ				

265·ֱ

ֱ
Ľҹ뿪СĬһˣŭؿڡ
һ̵ֱǣҪԵġֻǲ֪췢飬ԼԲԵסԼġԼ棬ˣ
ңˣоޱİ
ɿޱߵҹɫֻĽ·Լ׷ϡ
Ҳ΢Ц
մźǻؼסգϾҵҲþûˣ
ϴϣľګڡ
˳ȻЦһûʣ¼˵ķ䣬תͷ
ˣ
˵꣬һת뿪
սȭͷһӣŮո˵ĻҲĽ⺢̫
ǶѾҪ˴Ӽϳȥˣʲôģ
ûȥôӶĽո˵ҪȥҽԺ顣
˰ڷӦ
Ľǹģַʽ
ŭּ䣬ٿԼĸףҲĽ֮Աĸ׵Ĵ
͵ôġ˭ҵĺӸ顭
Լӹ˾أԹʱһ
ĹŮԼ˲ԹǸˣĶô ʱ䲻ˣ߰ɡ
Ǹˣ
ЩҲЩί
 ǻûԷ
ռҳȥռûóˣ
ĲڼǸĻˣϵˣǸЩӹ׵ǲͬһˡԣ仰֮Ͽڡ
ǻȥԣһͲˡռ㡣
·ϡ
С׷Ľֺ࣬û˵˸Լҵ§ƫƫĽͷβ˵
ˡ
Ľ࣬˵仰ȻҺ¡
ĺ¡
볯ĽൽûмӵĽࡣ
С˾ˣԺ⹫Ųϲˣ㻹
Һò
Сæҡͷ
ô᲻ϲ㣿ǡ
뵽ԼҵոյĻЩ㡣
ϲ
ĽÿκóԵĺĶٲһˣС飬Ҳǰ
ĽЦЦ
Ǿͺá
ûˣ
ôһ仰ôûˣ
СЩȣĽȷֲ˵ˣٴ˵ʱ򣬾ȻҪؼҡ
СҪؼңҹĽҽԺȥˣûضȥ룬ȥ˹ͼ
ʹŴͷɥĳСϵ׻
Сһû۶ģù˵仰˵ѽ췢鵽һ׶졣
֮󻹺޹
֮ǰҲǶúõأôȻͱأ
Ѿȥ̲סسǡ
ȻΪϵ
ǰĽĶ㹻࣬ìûô󣬴ȻվĽߡһ߶ԼŮӣһĽ࣬ìֵܳʱȻƫԵϵһ
Ҳͬ
һСԼ˺ȴԴˣôƽľ
ɵףĽ뷨źö֡
ֻǵȵڶȥĽʱĽȴһ顣
壬ҪҪ޸ΰͿˣ
ؿĽһۣҡͷ
㲻޸ġһ
Ľ䴽ǣŹ뿪ŻͷүӰԺ֣µظմ󺣣Ҫתڡ
үүȥ档æߴߡ
մĽ࣬Щп
Ѿˣ
ǰѾˣĻҰһԸ⣬ҾͲһˡ
մ뵽Լ֮ǰĽ͹͵̸Щš
Ľ࣬һܼ޸ΰִôĻȥָǣǶߣǸúӡ
ҽԺ˼ˣƽǶӵϢƹˣĲӾǲ֪һһζû

ĽЦЦû˵
˺˵Ĳ࣬ʱϿܺõˣڲᴥԼʱ򣬶ǧãǵԼͼˣ⹫ҲԼ
׻˵ģײĽúõһ¡
Ľͻؼ֮󣬼Ҵҵųߡ
ʱ䵢Ѿˣٵȥ˵ȥ
ƽ׹־˶̳˴һ𣬷ǵûʼĽţһһظ˿
׹־ԼֱĺܺãǰţʱԼҲȥץϰһж͵͵ģĻᣬƽ󣬸տʼС¶Ϳʼ
̽Լ֡
֮ദҲΪʱƶĬ
Ľϵʱ򣬾ͼǸ˵ĲԼжϺۣҪƣ
Ľ࣬ˣ 
˿Ľʱ򣬶ЩȺĸˡ
ҽҽԲ֮ǰ˵õû
Ժܲ˼Ľ࣬˵ûзϡ
û¶֮ǰǸŪ˷ô⼸Ƕأ 㻹˵ָǱ֮ǰ˲١
ǰǰҽ̲֮ס߸ߵ̴Ĵָ
˰Ľ죬˵Լָ֮ģĽȴûţҪʱ򣬸ǽҡ				

266½

˵ƽ׹־ǼʮˣӶĽôˣĽţ ˲ԼͬЩţǵһ̨һ
Ľ˵ĽźͽӲ̲סŴЦ
ҽҽֵֻֻĻָѣǲɣ
ƽûؿĽһۡ
ΪΪ̫ǿˣŵĶá
Աߵ׹־Ҳͷʾʦš
ʼʱǺܿû˽ŵʱ䡣
Ľ˵Ķüͷ
ƺе㲻
üͷҳǱ߾ͼ°վſڵ
ĽһԴŷԼʲô
ҵĺʦ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣÿ춼ҽԺãֱӰԱһӣôˡ
û˵ǣȻ˺ˣǹҲ˶ˡ
Ľ༱æǸұʾڿԸ°ġ
˵ĽҪģ¥µҽ֪Ķ˳վԱЦеرʾԼ԰æ
ĽҲûڵ뷨ѧĻѧ
ȾŸϳ°ʣĽŽʱ򣬾ͼҽһĴȡ
𡣡
ʲôʲô
Ա߾ۼ˲ٻʿͿֵˣæ˹ѯô¶
ҽӵؿĽһۣĽǼʡ
Сﲻ֪ʦ˭һֽ뼼뻯ѨʵҲ˵ġݲ˲ĲͬԴѨڣȻʩ
ǱΪһ¾УҲ˵ġ̶೤ʱ䣬ÿҽԼĲͬСĲ֮ʱҿҽ飬ƽʱĽ벻㿴Сÿηſ룬붼£ҸոǾ¡ҲǴ˵еĽ𡣡
ԱߵٴοĽʱ򣬱˱仯
ҲûɣϴĽവ̫ˡ
ڰɣʲôģСֵܵĺýô
ϴƳ˶ԷһۣЦһ
ߣԺúôսһ£ſֵʱ򣬷ſĽ𶯺ʲôͬ񲻼õĻԴȥһط
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𶯵Ľ𶯵ʱ˸붯һ¡
£ûϴĻˣֻǣǱƺĽƳ˲١
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Ҳû룬ϴۼβ
ҽԺ洫ˣʲô룬ʲô֮飬ҽ˹档
һֱҽѹŵҽһü߲ϣҲǺˡ
ǳ°֮󣬽סĽ࣬ʾԼҪؼҽˣʱҪĽȥ֤ˡ
Ľ˵ֱӾܾʲôЦͻСȥԳԺȺȻ࣬ȥ֤ˣЦ
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ôڻؼң
°֧֧᲻˵Ľ룬ﻹ²
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û˵꣬°ͼæֹסĽĻͷ
Сʦⲻǹôÿζʰо֣ѾˣûİæԼҲԵġϾأ˵һؼң˶ŸϯһθǮ̫Զ
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ǣԺܻûʦֺãԺܻᶪСʦСʦС
Ľ̾Ϣһ
ô
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ģҲң˭˵ıʦֲˣδһá
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ĽȥڣͱҽԺһ׷ʣǲҪļ޸ΰ
Ǹе⡣
ü
ҪȢһ㣬е⡣
ĽѾ³һֺǺǵҡҡͷ
δ飬ŮδޣǼ˵ԸйϵѧΪʲôԸ⣿Ƿģ֪Լʲô
ֻǣĽĻҷǵûзģӾˡ
ڣĽ̬ȴת䣬λؼкܴϵĽûҵ𰸣ֻС͵͵ȥ顣
˴һ

ôһǮ
ְĽ˹ĺĽ࣬ǶĲԱ				

267˯һ

ڱࡣ
㵣Ϊѣҿ԰㡣
Ľ֮ǰԼ岻ôΪۣ
ΪʲôһԸֵģ
ĽЦ۾Ȥڡ
壬ΪѵһѾȥˣԺûʲôΪѵˣң Ҫ̨ˣ붫ڲתǺúϢɣΰĸ㲻Ļһæġ
ڿĽ಻αķ
ͬʱ˰ĹͲûлؼңֱӵгȥˮֱӳΰң˵קһȭͷ
ĽôСô̫ˣ
ΰ⧲֮°һȭڶȭȻιԼϴȹʹҲ֪ͺĽĹϵԲǽǯס˹ͣ˰Ϻúõظ˵
ĽӦõòˣȻԸΪһٽ֦
ͬ־ǲǸˣĽѾӦ޸ˣżҲûˣң ңȥĽú׼һݴ񣿡
ͺݺݵصΰһĭ
ޣЩвĽ࣬ĽôڼѹôᱻҸϳȥֱռݣȥĵطûУֻԹΪɴҽԺ
ΰüͷЩ׹;˵ʲô
ǰĽȥ˳ңǳ˺ϲĽҲȻҲ֮ôķӦ
ôǿȢ㲻ϲˣʲô룿ͷεضһ˺ãһжǼǷͱһӣֻô
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Цһ
ôأ˵㿴Ľ࣬ûվĽϿһ£˵ԼԹ˵飬ǱƲѣһСôᡭ
˵˺öö࣬Ҳ˵ռ˺ͳ˶ĽΣ˵Ľôж಻ףжãռ˺ͳ飬ΰԼȥġ
˵֮󣬹ͳ۾Ŀ׺ݵصΰ
Ľ಻ܽ飬ѾѹҪˣԺ޸㻹ôҸбҵſңſҡ
ͱֵٲȻһͷ࣬ΰҲûлɡ
ϾţڶǹͺĽϵʵʵĺá
ΰûΪѹֱͣӰ˷ˡ
磬ѲһȭͷͰװ˲ɣ
֮ӿΰϵߡ
ΰƳ˶ԷһۣˬıͣϸһĨڨڨЦ⡣
ϴεǮô
һ㶣æͷʾԼѾɬ
ΰָһǮĵؿԼơ
е¶ȥһ¡
ϵͷ絷⣬ֻΰĻ֮һ
⡭ⲻǡ
ΰһۣϴЦ
Ϊô׾ͷŹôҳô󣬳Ǹ֮⣬û˸ҵͷ϶ҲǿĽһζѡ
Ľࣿ
ǰһĽģһΪ˵һԼίһƾҪҵıֶѡԣһǲɵˣһδϱ˵Ӧ˭ģ
ȻƫԼϱ
Ӽΰ׷Ľ࣬Ҳǵһ֪ԭ׷ϱôס
ò׷ϱȻҪúõĻš
ǮӵڶЦеһŮȥռҡ
˭
Լƺˣϸ룬
ɩӣ֮ǰȥˮմʱҿԱأ
Ȼ뵽ڶĳʱüͷһ壬û
ŶûʲôֻŮźҪҴմ磬û취ֻܰ˴ˣ
һԱߵŮˣ˲õԤС
Ȼһ룬Ůͨһǰһ򣬿޵滨꣬ò
㣬Ҽոɣ
ʱԼԺһƬհףһĿⶡĿǰŮˡ
˭ʲôϵ
Ůҧҧ֧֧꣬زڡ
еĲԽԽŨˣʱֱקŮ˵ĸ첲˴ӵϳɫ
˵㵽˭
Ů˺˰죬ؿڡ
ңˮʷ仨ǰմˮʱϺ˾ƣȻǡȻǡ
ǣʲô
ԼЩվȣǿҧŬԭվ
ǣ˯һ
һףֱóͷԷε˹ȥ				

268Ҫ

ĲôˣȻÿڼ£ȥ˻ڳЩͬѧʦǣûлȥʦ
񲻹ǳ滹棬֮٣λԼŶأ˵
һ죬ʲôϢûŪΪͬѧ̫öһ㼵ʺͲʡ
ΪԼй˲ô
һŮأ
԰
ŮôǲǿԸԼһ
ΪˣΰʲôӦõģϾ˭ԼҹŮأ
Ǯף޼ɵ
뷨Ǻõģ߲źؼңͼԼſڵŮ˺һӡ
ô¶
ĲЩûҧԼͷ
Ů˵ԼһеôŮôˣ
Ⱦƺȶˣǵϵ飬ΪŮˣԼմȾֲɲë൱߹ȥŮ˾Ϲ
Ů޵
磬㲻ôʼڴϵʱ˵ҪȢһؼأôôͱԣУΪȾֲɲĲҲܷŲܰ
ʲô
Ĳӻ˻ΣŵؿŮˡ
˵ʲô˵ΪȾֲɲëޣ㣬ԼУԴȾҵġ
Щ죬ҩҩֱ޲Ůȥ
ŮӣԼĿڴóŻ鵥
㲻ŵĻԿ ȥҽԺҽԺһġʱȥҵǰһ죬ûģǵ֮ҾͿʼȻҡ
ӵҪǽײֻΪŵʱ̫ˣһûվȣֱˤĲĻ
Ҳˣ
Ĳʶ§סŮ˵ļ򣬰˳˹ȴŮ˾һצһֱӳ˹زϡ
档
ԽԽֱţû뵽žͼĲŮˣòǡ
ը˼ֱ
ֱԺɨѾͳ˴˹
ҴһԹŮҴǣҴǡ
ʷ仨ֻ飬ɨʱͷŵضĲĻ棬ɨ뿪Ÿš
㣬ҪңҪմ硣
ĲԼһˣŮ˻ЩӶǣŮ˾ȻҴ
ǣ׿ʷ仨ͳ˴
˴ܻ߳ܵʱ򣬾ڲԣʱĲҲ⣬ŭصųϵŭ֮Ļ
ըˣúõźĲô꣬ͷĲлԼŮ˹һǵǸ˵ԼǷӣ
ĲϹ˲Żῴ㡣㾹ȻŮ˹һԵô㣿Ե𡭡
ĲԼ飬ҲȻܳԼʲôҲʼɣҽڡ
ޣΪʲôԲ㣿ԲˣŮˣȸ
ʲôʱˣҡ
ҪԱߵʷ仨ֻȻؿڡ
ֲǴ㴫Ⱦģ
ʲô
ʲô
߻ûŪףǱߵĲ;ԼѾˡ
ԣ˲岻ȾֶĵĲִȾҡҪ顣
֮ǰũʱҲһΣ⼸ָֻ͵þĲȻԼнӴҪ顣
ݺһҧ
Ĳ仰б˵б±ջȥ飬㲻飬ҲҪ飡
Ҷſ֣ûڹΧھǻ˭֪ģ
ݺݵһĴȣԼ˸Ͽȥ֪ͨĽࡣ
ҪϽ趼Ҫˣʲôʲô
һǳ
ԭΪӻ֮Ľһ㣬˭֪Ȼ㼦ɹ
ʤԣ̲ס˱͡
裬Ǳȥˣ⼸æŴŶ֪үүҪ㻻أ
գգ۾
ʲô
ʤҲ֮ģǰԼ˵Ļӡ
˵ղǷ˼飬ԼϣҪս޹ȥǮ
ݺݵ³һ
ǼˣôôͿ
Ů˼ˣûױҪżֱοǮߵϱ
ͿʵǺͿ
ĳҲԼͿˣ´ɨѣҹţҡ
ľսؿһУЩŵĲ
մ磬ҪҪڸϽȥѴɩ׷
ĲڼԼڼ浱˭Ҫģôȥ׷ˣ
һ
ҪǸŮңΪʲôҪȥ׷				

269˱˵

մţĲͳҲûȥܣһַģ
ּ֮մ󺣴һİŮ˺İ˽̲סšüһ
Ĳմ˽ܣӻ˵ǵʷ仨ԥһҪڣͼʷ仨ֱӳմ󺣹顱ǼȽϽʵͷ
үҰɣǼҪҸϳȥѾûطȥˣ
ۿŮ˶ͷһĲĪЩۡ
ϾŮΪԼ
˭ûطȥҪǼҡûطȥ˶ȥˣǼңǼסô
ǡ
ʷ仨ӣߴӵؿĲһۡ
ҺմѾ˯ˣңմ绹Ⱦಡ
˵صĿ
ʲô
մһ졣
ţԼĺҪ飬Ĳװ׵дţȷ
մΣĳҵ˸ոձµɨѣݺݵسĲϴ˹ȥ
ҴҪӣҴ㣡
ĲѾǵڶα˵ˣʱץմеɨѣһ˦
㹻ˣҲҪǳǸСԼҪأƽʱһ˭֪ʲôĵ飬Ⱦһಡ˵һ˱ˡ
¶˾ͲԼĴ
մ󺣸оԼЩͷĿѣ뵽ԼոմҽԺ뵽ĽĽصһָ
ȥϸҳȥ
ļңһ۶Ҫǡ
ĲôԸ⣿ҪԼҵ䣬üƽѩӹݡ
Цһ
Ӵֹ簡ֻǲ֪ҪǼ˳ʲô
ƽɫѿҲûдԼҴ˸磬ǰͿĲˡ
һˣϱҹԼûʵҪԾһ㣬Ĳã˼ҵģ˼ҵģջͷ
ǸոյҽԺű֪Ժˡôˣܲ
ѩ˵ƽ档
ҲմΧ˹ڿѯ塣
մ󺣺۾ָָ档
ȥǰ⼸ȫҸϳȥһ
ƽǰǸʼݣרŰһЩСŵҪһɳ죬һһ̤ʵֵأʱ֮ǰõĲҪ̫ࡣ
æͰ˸˳ȥ
ѩЩżؿƽ
ƽѩ֣ҡҡͷ԰һ֮ѯմ󺣾ʲô顣
մ󺣰߸ոշ˵һ飬ƽüͷ
¶ôôԼ֮ǰ飿쳯ΪԼæռңҲ˺ԼһϷֻδǹƼϷˣȻҲȾֲ
˵ɩˣ͸ѩһһȫԼϣôĲñӣô鶼ĲΪԼġ
ԼĲմ󺣡
մ󺣰ڰ֣ɫް
ǽסɩؼˣ컹е֡Ľ˿á
ƽѩһۣ˵ͷ
ҪȥĿշ˯ȴֱմ󺣽סˡ
ѩĽҪѻתƵ£ô
ƽҪڣռҵļ£Լ֣ܲҲڴؿѩ
ѩû취˵ЩֻԼҲΪŶ࣬ЩҲ֮ǰøͨ͸
մ˵֮ϵͷҸƽֱȻ¡
֣ѩʲôʱתʱһ񡣡
մð齻ƽȥ죬ҲʡԼ첻䡣
ƽԥһ£ǵͷ
ҹ¶޽ͷ
˵Ĳٷմ󺣹ƾܷ˽ȥƫƫĲǹŲӲ˵
֮£ֻȥд濪䡣
ɴһûнţûֻ֤뿪ˡ
ʷ仨ԼѾôˣ˵ĲŮҪ޸ΰƨ߶ƨ߶׷²ܼ޸ĲǵһҲУʱһĺġ
֮ǰѾˣΰλ˿ɲҪ̫áû뵽ô΢˶ͣ˾ͱԼˡ
ԴʱĲԱСذο
մ磬Ǹ͵ġ˵Ҳܹ㣬մүͨġ
Ĳʷ仨һۣŮ˻
ߣԼ¶ӰбҲŲҡǸŮǵ飬ҸϳȥˣҶȥ
˵ţҪϱߡ
ĲӲˣҪ׷ȥ
մ磬ȥĶ
Ĳ˵緢
ȥĶȻȥŮˣ
ãһҪǮڶҪԼҸ
ʷ仨۾һɿ׷ȥ
մ磬ȵҡ
ͷЩ֣ĲıķĲ뿪ǲòȥ				

270³

ҹҴĹƴؽ
һߣһ߿ޣߵң۾Ѿ׳˺ӡ
Сȥţһ
㣬զˣ ˭۸ˣиĽೳˣ
˵ֻƿߡ
ҵĵҲ˳һ߳Ϳ޵ĸĳüһš
ôˣַʲôˣ
˵ֻеѼֵܼй
˻ûʲôС͸ԼҴһһһ֮ǰ˵Сһ£ŪûˣӲͷˡ
磬ΪĽĻܲܡ
СҲˣĳΪĽ¶ཻ䡣
սţҲ֪Ľ˶ôҲ˵Сϰ࣬˵ڵ·ƽʱԵĲ֮ģĸĽģ
Ҫ֪㣬Ҫѧж
СԼϱ˵Ļ̲סЦˣϱա
˯ľɣĽ
Ȼ˵ϻǴһĨЦ⡣
֮ǰǼĴԼҲⲻȥ
ʱǱѾʼ˳ĳСȻǹĽ࣬ǹĲġ
֮ǰ;Ĳ֣ϲҲǿڳ϶չˣû뵽ĲȻ顣
֣̫ˣ
У鲻ܾôˣ

һһؿʼĲԱ߿޵ĸʹˡ
ûбϴԵĳСʱȴãҪԲĲڴĲ
ֻ߲ŸոǱ߾ͼʵض
ʲô˼ҲĲҲҺͱ˲ĹһȾë
üųС
֪ϱ¶̫ˣҲס㣬ûǴ㣬ĶһУ
Ÿ䣬ɿ׷һ䡣
һ磬͸ֵȥռҰֻһ
Сһ٣ػȥСձԹ
˵˵˵дôڲӦȴŴȥҪȥʲôѽһ֮󣬴ͺô
Сɷ֣һЦ
޽֮ǰҲֵܺҥҲһʵ
磬Ҫһ¶
СҲ˯ţõСտڡ
ڷ˼ңҾǲʵһլأʱԼȥǷӣ
ųСüͷæڡ
ҵȻԼĴҪȥССҲˡסһ棬󣬵ʱĻô죿 ԼȥĻҲܸ滺һѹ
Сûڣ̽żڡ
ߣҲҪˣӲ󣬴ҲǿԴպһ£ӵСŲ¡Ƕɩӣٳ϶סµġ
С룬̲סͷ
㣬롣
СӦ˽ȥСų˯˹ȥ
СϱЩΡ
飬ȴƫƫϱΪԼǣ̫ˣ
ڶһ磬˺ƺƵسȥ˴˵ע⡣
զˣ鿴̫ÿҪȥ˸һ
ɲǸôϹǽôҵ͵ԾһۣüһͼϴŮϿ޿Ļ˵ôأ
Ǳ۸ˣ
˵

ƽһѼ漸ֻιһ£ɨ˵أӣż˳ҺƺƵһȺˡ
Ĳأ
ҳ
ǰǰ۸Ͷˣ

һһ˵ţȻЩţҲǵûж֡
ԭ򣬴ΪռңĽļңĲļҡ
մ󺣱ѩųεҪ˹£Сۼֿظסˡ
壬Ǹֻҽʸѡ
ǰǰǾˣġ

֮ǰ˵һֱӼռңռӺù֮ҲûнӼùҡ
մĨ˰ᡣ
ҶԲסǣԼ̲ܽϵĻҲ顣ĲҸϳȥˣһҹûѾҪϾӹϵˣ
㿴ң ҿ㣬û뵽ȻĽ
λҶ֪һȷǴĲãҲҵǸˡҵʹˣǰոմҽԺ˵̼㷢ҴӾסһһεĴ̼ˣ
ϴǸʵӣԵͷ
һȺ˾ôȥˣ
ڼ滹ΪԼֻһû뵽ҾȻʲôֻˣ
ͷİŭһ١				

271±Ӧˬ

Ӧˬ
Сˡ
㣬Ҫôմвֲǲ֪ҪǰռˣԺ󻹹Ӳˣ䣬ⷿĽǵãⶫĽ׬Ǯġ
СҲͷ
ǰĽ൱жԼ֪ǿԱŽѵһ٣ȻأǲҪ飿Ļǻ԰ŭһ١Ļҹƴ֮󣬽Ժ󲻻ٵ˰ɣ
ϴû˵Ǳ˼Ҳ˲ࡣ
࣬ġ
۾ͨؿǡ
ԣܵίˣĽĶҲô˼ҼĸܵܶΪԼҽ
ͷôֵҾͱ֪ĻСʱҾͲˡ
С˸ۣЦһ
ͷðߣǻҲˣɶҲŪˣȥҽҵ˰˴Ȼ飬סڼ棬˰ɣ
ҧҧ꣬ҡͷҡͷ
ҲҪҲ顣
ò׼޸ĲˣӣôĿ࣬ĲʲôˣȴƫƫҪģŲ롣
Ȼأ˴죬չˣôĻû취ȥŮһˣ
룬ҡͷ
Ҫ죬ǻҪչˡ
СЦˣĿӳŲüĳ˳ϡ
ԣǾʲô뷨
ô
˳Ǹ峤һжԴֳ
մô˵
˵ǳϴ
˵ˣ֮Ѿѽˣ˵Ҫ˸ϳռҡ
Цһ
ֹҲţǻ̶ѡ
Сͷ
ǰ˭ҵĺ˭ţǵﲻҲԼĺӣԼŮôˣʱ䲻ˣҰŵĻҶûأѾ˼ңϱҲˣû˹֣ԺϱӶˡ
СҲɿؽŵĨͣ
ĽϵãԼλ㣬Խˡ
˳ֻʣһʵͽϴҲذڰ֣˳ȥˡ
ƣƣһʲôӡܶܲסˡ
˳Ƴһۣҡҡͷ
˵ķּңֽ֮ǰûôʱ䲻ˣҲȥתת
ҪֿԱ߿޿ĳǾԼʶۡ
֮ǰúõһңôأ
˵¶Сؾûˡ
Ĳʵòá
ԭΪԼȥŮΰ֮ǰһŪԵŪȵģٸǮȥ֮ġ
û뵽ǣΰȻ²ܡ
ôܲңĽְ֣δˡ
ΰЦһǷó
ĲԭΪΰ֮ǰ˵һҪǮǷ֮󣬻ưͷ
ΪһǮҾͻԭ㡣ŪûиǰŹø𡣡
˵֮ΰϵıӲ˲٣ԼҲһƢ
Ҳ̫õģְֲĹС
ΰЦˡ
˶棬ȻҪԼҸһĹ
ô治˼˵ҰְֵĹǸСһĹҲûС
˵ŰеǷݸԱվŵӡ
ڣǷȥ֡
ĲһڿΰʱҲڿһӡ

ΰЦЦ
ңҵȻҪڽ֮ǰˣܺúܺõ֡
˲֪ӻ֪Ǹĳ˭ôһ׬Ǯˣ˾ֵĻ൱Զϸ첲
磬ú룿
ΰû˼ֱȥ֡
ȻǱߺХųӵ˶ĳץˣǶĳѾȥ¥ա
ĲҲץ˾֣⻹㡣
ʷ仨֮ǰĲҪ޷ΪĲΰΰĲŵûŵһʣôΰһ·
ǣִҴææȥ˾֣״ĲԼ
ʱԼҪɱͷġ
ĲڻǰǰǸҪ֪ͨĽȥΰԼ˵˵û
Ľæڵ飬˵˵ùΰҲǰȫ
ΰΰȻҪúñһѡ
ǣϢռң Ҳ˳ҡ
մҪѾºĲȥĲ
Լ飬Լе
ǳҲһ
Ϣ֮󣬾ѾǸҪȥæĲų
ҼֵܶѾˣһԶԶģܲס滹е
г˳ڣҲòɢȥϢ
鼫пΰġΪ˼Ҿֵˣ˵ű˽ӣһֱΰһˡ				

272ֻǽ赶ɱ˶

ֻǣ赶ɱ˶
æ뵽Լ֮ǰڼǸϤˡ
һ
Ľ࣬ĽĹ
óĽۣС̲ס˸ۣԼĻԼҲ޷Լһĸףֱ̫ľУ
㣬ԼúøòãĽûڼңȥЩ飿Ҫ˵һΰǸ쵰ġ
ҡҡͷ
һĽ಻Ը޸ΰΰˣŸǵɫġԶĴ޹ȥѣҪǹȥô֪һˣСʱˣ
һŮûС
СŷħһԼҴ㣬ص³һ
¶Ҳˣզզɣ
ֻ߲ŸոճȥǱ߾ͼСĴɫ࣬ѿĺܡ
Сģ㲻ϰôôʱˣ
Сû᳣Сֱӽȥ棬ŭضԼҵͳ
ҾǲģǾôҺôҺòҸոո˼ʹϵھѾ˸˳ܸ˰ɣܵɣ޲óȥһұڷһ°ɣ
˳漸ˡ
㣬˵⻰ʲô˼
СЦһŭ
֪ڻװ֪˼ôҽ챻ɨسˡҲ֪ô£ȥŷ
ΰԼװԸġȥΰΰҪһúǡ
СĿ⾼ضǰļˡ
ԣǶʲô
̲ס˱۾Ϊʲô˺Ȼ̬ȣ
ûһСҲˣ۾ͨ죬ǿ޹
ǲһֱǼ̫ôںˣҰ趼¸ˣ˰ɣ
Щզࡣ
⣬⾿ô¶
վԱߣ֮Լ档
Ľ࣬Ľࡣ
˵ȰгֱӳţæҪ׷ϡ
СԭҪ׷ȥû뵽Сı
һӣųԶȥıӰ۶ȥ
ҽԺ
Ľ߲Ÿƽ׹־ĽǱ߾ͼ˳Լǰΰ
þòһԸô
ĽЦҡҡͷ˻ԼеĲ
ڻҪ
ΰַɿؿڡ
ԵҵĻԱҸһСʱһСʱ֮һ
ΰЦŵͷ
׷˵еģĽѾ˿ڣѾ϶ˡ
Ľ߸ոսȥڵĲͼԷüͷ
Ľ࣬㾿Ҫ
ȻҽԺ棬Ǵ֪ΰ֮
󣬾һֱ˿Ȼΰһʱ鶼
ֻǣԽԽ
ĽĻҪˣ
ĽЩε³һ
˺֮ĲôôأԼ͹Ͳ˵͸¶һ֮󣬹;Ҳûʹ飬ƺ뷨ָƣɲΪڱȹͲ
ԣϤ˽ɣ
ûʲôֻǣ赶ɱ˶ѡ
Ľ˵ţ¶һĨߵ΢Ц
ϾˣԼöأ
Ǻݺݵس鶯£ȻԼϢƺ֮ǰһֵľٶѾ˽͡
ֻΪˣԼ²ȥ֣
ǣΪڣԼֲűȽϲ̫
ݣǱ˿ɾͲһˡ
䣬ΰĺˡ
ôңҺܸأӣ˶ΰһʱ˰ɣûʲôϢ
˵Щص³һ
ûУ
֮ǰĺܶ鶼Ҫ֡
֪Ǹ˲ǱϵݣһҪΥҼ͵飬ƫƫһѱòһܴݾߣƵһ¶
Ľ䴽ǣ֪ҪȻǰǼҲᵢôꡣ
鲻㰡
ڿЦõؿĽһۣεسĽڰ֡
㻹˰ɣΪ޸
ΰģɲءǸ˿һˡ
Ҳݣ
Ȼһ¡
ԽΰֳЩˡĽ࣬ôһ֮
Ľ࿴ڲ˵̲סЦЦ
岻ҵĻ԰ɹȥ˽ôҾҵĲ룬һ°빦ġ
ڲ֪Ľ྿ţ룬ɼ˱һĽҲԡ
ĽһСʱ֮ŵʱΰԭصûвͷͽøС
Ľ࿴Ҳ̲סҡͷ
ģʲôܳɹİɣ
Ѿæˣ
أҪʲôȥʳã
ΰЦǺǵĵͷһĽ˵ʲôʲôģ
ʳ֮ΰ˵һ顣
˵Сͽû˹Ǳߵʳûȱһʦ㿴				

273´


ĽЦЦ
ڳʾã
㿴ˣ 
ΰЦЦ¶Լһİ
ȻˣôҾһ£СͽҪҪŹ
Ľҡҡͷ
ȻѾңȻ᲻֪ҺͺĹϵҪţҲǿ԰ŵġǳ°鷳ңԾܾҡôȥɡ
ΰͷҲûǿذԼռҺͳЩ۸Ľ˵һ顣
㿴ûʲôģеĻҿԸ
ĽЦЦһ˫Ŀںϡ
ںȻˣҪ׷˵ĻСܾɣϾǼ
ΰϱ֤
ʵ׷ˣҲֻһѡ
ĽĬ˺þ֮ؿڡ
ȻǾʵʵ˵ˣ֮ǰΪʲôԸһ֪Ϊʲôɣһ׼ŶΪʲôңҲʲôƨһ飬֮ĹҲ迴֮顣
Ľ࿪ϲˣΰһ¡
ΪҽҪҿ
Ľ̲סü
ʲôë
ûпڣĽʯ֮ƺѾ˲١
˵һֲ޷˵ڣҪҪýڡ
ңµòΰ˵Լ֮ǰһ˰ɣ
뷨ɿԺдܹĽźݺݵһΰֻϹ˵۾һۡ
۾йأ
ΰͷ
ԼҲ֪ ԼͶǸŮһ¶ѣǸ˾͸һԼϹԼ۾˵Լﶯ֡
֪ˡ˵Ҽ޸㣬ҾһޡҲҪӦһ顣
ΰݺݵһ
Ľ࣬˵ܹģһܾ
Լ黹ܴӦԼΰ˵ļ
Ҳ˹֮˽¾ʲôϸͣ¡Ҳ֪ڵĲ˾ʲôˣǰûҪԷѹƵĿ飬ЩһʱըҲϣԼ֮󵱸ѸߺСʱûаְ֡
˵ѻ߾ʲô߷滰ּٻ
ĽģȷԼ뷨ͷβûбһ仰ʱ򣬵׻Ǹ˳ԡ
ΰѾʮˣǰʱ⣬Լʮ࣬ͬ麢ǶѾܵʱԼҲԼĺӡ
ԵĽ˵ԼҪѸʱûжٴɵĽ˵ҪԼĺûаְֵʱһ󼤵ʱƺѾǰԼĽСܵ
ãҴӦ㡣
Ľ䴽ǣһҲһ¡
У㶯СһȻûиңڸողʱ򣬺˵ҪԶһ˵㲻Ǳô
ΰһ̲סѯĽΪʲôԸ޸Լ
Ľͷ
ΪۣΪҾӦ֪ΪҸ˶٣ʱأԥ˳ȥţҲӦ㻹а취ģҵ̫ˣͣǣүү˾ˣö࣬ĺۡ
ΰ֮ǰĽʱ˿ûа˵һС￴
Ľʵ̫ˣҲǿ
ٿĽʱŻȻʶ
Сֻʮꡣ
ֹȥסĽС֡
ģЩ˽ҴͺáҪΪԼ̰ĸ۲ô
Ľͷֲ©ۼسԼ֣ǽΰҪ̫֣ϾԼˡ
ΰЦĽԴ
㰡װͰ͵ģ滹ô
ĽЩߵغգԴܿΰߡ
Լ
ϣΰԺ󻹻롣
سһٷʳõĳʦȻûг°ĺóԣҲ
ΰԼȥʱĽҪΰȥĸƬӣȫ֮ġ
ұȽ֪徿⣬֢ҩ֮ǰҲһƵĲˣ˲ٷԭһҲһ
Ľൣΰų⣬ܡġȰ˵
㲻뱻֪ĻҿԼȥҽԺ棬мˡ
ΰĽģ̲סЦˡ
ôǫ顣
ҽԺֹмˣӦ˺ܶܶŶԡ
ΰҲûܾĽĺ⣬Լһȫ֮ųĽ˹߻ڡ
ԣˣ
Ľ࿴ǰĻ鵥һ죬ЩյصΰһۣЩװͰ͵ؿڡ
ôˣΪ㣬Ұְ
ôһҽģȻҪһ㡣
˵֮ݺݵΰһ£ƿ֮ԼŲҴҵǰߣǽ
ȥҸҽúƣҡ
ģһߵС
ΰվĽŲҴҵ뿪ӿڴһ̣óһȼſ
У˸
Ľ࡭
첽뿪Ľת˲֮ϵɬͺѾʧһ˫иǴԵ⡣
ΰӦò̫Űɣ
ԣԼҪһѻ				

274Ҳ

Ҳ
˵Ľΰô˵ͳСļҴҵгϵҽԺᳵ·س¥֮ǰסԺĲѰĽࡣ
ǹںѾԺұ˼ңһ棬ȻҲġ
˵Ľ֪֮ĽĸףҺʹİȥĽࡣ
Ľ࣬ˣ
ĽƽڿΰƬӣתͷͼһŮŭسԼ˹˵͸һ⡣
Ľһ治һΰû뵽ˣ
ֻԼ䣬ٿȻ̧˸첲һ
ʱʹӴһҽУٿ
ѾǷеҶһҡڡ
ڻһ裬ϳȥ
СĿֺ˪Ľ࣬Ҳе㺦£ʲôȲԼĹҪǰһס˳ŭسĽ
Ľ࣬ôôѪô飬ôȡ֣ǲĶҲܶ趯ְɣְͽ˼ŪһȻŮ飿
Ľ๴һسųС˹ȥųСһˡ
㲻ҪҾ㲻Ҫ
Ľûȥ߳š
æóСĴԼš
һˣһҪ׷ȥʸ
ֻ׷ȥ֮ŷ֣Ľ಻ûߣҾ
վĵطʱ˸첲ЦǣкȻֲõԤС
ҺܾģֲõԤ档
ľ˾ˣ˵ҰҰְͽ˼ƾʲôô˵ЩһֱҽԺţ֪Ұְֽ顣˵Ѫ飬ȡ֡Ѫ飬ȡˣ
СЦһ
㲻ҪƱˡǲϲ㿴Ķܾ˼ңǸ˰ҵĹŪûˣĸĹҲ⣬ְҲסҽԺҲְֳˣѵ˵Ĳԣ
Ľ֡
࣬á
۾Ľࡣ
ǾûбԼ
Χ˽ͷӶʼָָ㣬ڶ
ôǿ裬˵Т˳
ǰ֮ǰҿһСﻹͦõģƣôǸӵĺӣ̫ʧˣ
ӣúøϸйԼӳԿģ

Ľû˵ôվԭأɴָ˵š
ƽԭҪΪĽ֤ȴĽȰ˻ȥ
Ա˵ؿĽࡣ
Χ˵ʲô㵽ڻôִԲȰϺȥΰһ⺢ôô£
ǰҲ¡Ұְ
ȥϰ࣬ȥũʱ򣬾ͲӦùڼ档Ҳ£ͲӦԼڼչүүһǮũ͡Ҳ£ͲӦȥũǣȻվǶҡҲ£ͲӦ뾡취ѵܴܵԼչˣǼḺ
Χ˵˽СĿⲻϵĽͳء
ĽĻû˵꣬ڡ
ҲӦǸ࿴һҰְС߰ʱܾҲӦľ˾˺ľһʱһӦҰְֶĲǷǮʱ򣬾ܾԷȢҴ滹ǮҪҸӦõǣҿ˼ڤû취ı״ʱӦ˶Է飬ȴֱ˵ְֱץˡ
Ľһһ䲻Ӧã⻰ڴҿ
ûʲôӦãӦõġ
˵ʲôѾӦܣӦĻôŪûҵĹôץ˰ְ֣ԣһ˵ѣһƭˡ
Сû뵽̫࣬ĽĻֱӿڡ
ֻ仰ͺ񲻴һ
˾СǸʲô˾˰ɣǱ˲ûԼŮеˡ
ǰǰǰֱ̫ˣ
ҵ죬С̫ˣҸովȻĸǶԵģڡ

ҵĻ޿ײĿһ˳ĶУ ԰ɿҡͷ
ӣǵġ
ֻ˵ٶ࣬Ҷˣ䣬
ߵĳСѾˡ
ĽЦһ
ľ˾ˣո˵ǷҲܹͬ˵ΰŪûĹ˵Ұְֱץ߶Ϊΰʲô֤ݣΪΰôҪ͸һûһˣ
УԿųСĵͲ̫ˡ
ãΰǱߵȲĽ࣬һΧţҲ̲ס˹Ľһ仰
ԣСΪ粵
֮ǰĽ໹мֻɵ״ԼĻɡ
Ǳ͸ģҪ޸Լİɣ				

275·ת

ΰȻ˳Ľ˹ȥվĽߣĳų
ĸŪˣĽѾӦҵ顣ιǸĽʲôʱȥͲ⡣ľ˾˿ڿ˵ģԼĹˣ ץҲҵĴľ˾˵Ĺҵģ˼ҽҲң˵ľŸľ˾ֵ֣˼޷չֻܰľ˾˸ˡڲ
ؿһ۳
ĸӦø֪ôĲ˵һһŮͬ־浽˾֣˵λŮͬ־˲õľٶ
˻һ˿ǵڿϵĳһġ
Ȼ뵽滨ظԼߵŮˣ;Σǳ뷨
ܵġǶĲ㲻˵ôֻҪǮ˾ˣֻҪĽ޸㣬ͰǮϣǸŮˣǺˣ֪ԼʲôΪʲôҪץȾòã
ΰ˳֣Цһ
ĸ̫߿ˡǼҵҲֻǱ΢һѡ֪ʱ˵˵ǱǮǿһˣһŬǮһܻġ˵򣬾ǧǮȻҪóҲò
ԣŵͷ
ǽӣǸոճǽ˵һڻǻ޲׼ôʱңҪץߵġ
ĽмؿΰһۣٴһЩεؿ
ȻҽԺȥɣҰְȾֲ㡭
ĽĻû˵꣬ǴҶѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ֲ
Ҷǳˣո˵ְֺŮвϵ˵Ⱦ˲˭ĽĸֻΪƺŮһ˵ǹ߷أ
бץ棬ֻֻ˲ݡ
治֪ôҪ˰æɷųġ
ǰǰųٻ˼С治Ҫ
ǺǣҲոС˵ʲôСûС컹ô޳ܵҪԼҹŮ˻Ǯ
Ķô棿С˿ɲȱģǧҪӱ˵Ļ嶯Լ޵ȻԺеġ

ҶȺڣϰԼߴгŲתȫ˵Ľ಻Ҫ̫ڳ嶯
Աҡҡ׹ΪʲôԼĲһ
ġ
Ľȴһ۶û¹ЦеؿŴңлĻһ䰤һ˵
˵֮ǿһԼߵΰϷɿظһĨ֮ɫ
ҷģҾ鲢ΪҪĸ׻ǮΪҵȷ
˵֮Ľתͷһ±ãȻĳ
裬˵ҪҼ޸ҪҵõҸҪҡԣѾˣ㲻ףô
ǰСЦ绨СȻ뵽Ľ֮ǰ뿪ʱ˵ǲҪ֮Ļ֪ԼǺ£Ӳɸ
㣬ǹģǹҪǵģǹġ
ŴҲԼͬĶ¶ŭر飬СҲ˲˵ٶ࣬ɿų뿪
ˣĽųŴЦЦɢȺתͷǰΰֱ֮һ飬ŭ
ҪǵõһѵǲֱӰҰְͽ
ΰ̽ĿĽ࣬Щɡ
С﾿ǲԼͽ˼ǲͽ˼ͷ
׷Сô֪ܸġ
úúã˵ҪôҾôô
Ľһۣΰ߲Ǿ棬
һҪļûȫȳ֮ҶһƽȻٸ˵
һ£ĽС
㲻ҵĻҲҽһơ
ΰͬ⣿
¾Լ治Ľ࣬ҲҪڳһʵĽı
Ķܰ㶼ѾҪӸҵˣô᲻㣿
Ľ࿴ΰ֮󣬻ҡҡͷ
ңҲ㡣һͷŪƷ֮˿ɡǱ߻¶ȹȥȥʱСĵ
ΰ۴ؿĽ뿪ϵζԽԽء
СԼеĻҪθڣֱˡ
ĽȥڲȴС͵͵ĸΰ뿪֮󣬳ųȥ򷹵Ĺ򣬸˵籨
ӵ˵籨ĹͿЦá
Ͼ˾벢Զֻǣȵ֮˱䣬תͷԼĳüͷˮѵ籨ֽŽȥӵ				

276²±ô

ѩ÷ЩüչһΪʵûǮˣһΪΰԼʱ䵽ˡ
ɹǸ˾éʯͷһֳӲԼʲôһ񶼲Լ¡
飬ԼıְȻɲã߸ո̧ͷͼͷϵĻѾѹ˹ɫһףԴſգ۾ıһʱ֮侹Ȼ˳֣˳
ֻǣ߻ĺһ˲ʧԤ֮еʹҲûз֣Ȼ۾ͼͺڳվǰ
Ϲ˻ɵˣĻֽƾͷˣ
ѩ÷˲۾ĿŹ͡
͸ոôʱؾԼǲΪһֱڹעԼǲΪԼл᣿
һᣬ֪ԸҪץס
ۣԼ⣬ڹͿ˵֮ǰѩ÷˳չ䡣
Ů˰ᣬԵó
ͬ־ſңҿԵġ
ؿڣԼָѾϻһǿģ
šüģؿ
ԣԸƽʱԼ˼ԼϷţų⸱ӡ㡭
͵ĻſڣԱйΪѩ÷˵
ͬ־Ҳ̫ϸ˰ɣ
ǰ ˼Ůͬ־ˣ㲻˵οһ£˵˵Ǹǲе̫ˣ
ͣ˼ҵǸ

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̫ͣˣѩ÷ֲǹŪԼģ˵Щʲô˼
Цһȷѩ÷ָûԼеôأֱ˦ѩ÷֣ޱĿųˮϡ
ʲô˼ʲôϵԼҪȥĵĻԼȥҶĻͱͣҪϹȱȡ
Ϲȱȡǹ֮ǰĽ˵ԼѧģͦãҲͦ
ˮȻ֪Ϲȱȡ־ʲô˼ʲôû
ӵ˼֪ˮϲѩ÷ǽ棬ˮϻ治Ҹѩ÷ףڴ֮ͥ˵˳ˮˡ
䣬ڳˮϿѩ÷ߴͷβڹϵʱŭɶȥקס˹͵·ӣ̧սȭͷҪʹܡ
ǰһģԷˮһ򵥣ڳˮ϶ֵʱ˵ס˶ԷȭͷԼһȭ˶ԷĶϡ
ˮɫһ䣬ʹƺһʹŶӡ
ߣĳųˮⲽȥֿһԱڰܣɻֹѩ÷һ
ϲ˼ңȥסҸȴﻵ˼ԵͲô
Χ˽
ѩ÷Ա˵Ļһһ׵ġ
棬ʵˮϲԼǲ֪˵Ҳǲ֪
ô׷ҪҲɵһΪԼϲԹڳˮǰ˵һЩĻóˮϰԼȥЩ˵Ĺϵ
񱻹˵һףæǰһסŶӵĳˮϣ̧ͷŹ͡
ͬ־¸粻ǹֵģܲԭǸвУ
ͺЦĹŴѩ÷
˭ҪҵǸ
ˮҲڴ̧ͷѩ÷һ˫Ӷؿѩ÷ֻһһ
ܿ˳ˮȵߣѩ÷ӡ
һֱѳ¸統Ҹģҽӣ¸һֱչң׸һҪá
׸ĳˮӽ˽ոձŮס첲ļȻ޴档
Լô࣬棬ֻǸõĹĶѣ
ѩ÷Ҳ֪Լ˵ƻˮϵĲڹ˲̫࣬Լͳˮ֮Ĺϵ͹֮ûпܡ
ԣԺٺúúɣ
һС¶ѣȴֵôҰû취ϹɢȺź뿪ѩ÷ֻлȡ
ϴι;ܾԼ˵ǾԼһΣͻܾܾô
ڹ°ʱ򣬾ͼԼгԱվЩǻŵѩ÷
£
ߴ˶ģٴûбܶ˶˱Ķѩ÷ȴù͸š
˲Ů˲
ҲΪǸûаȫеԭ
ͬ־ллң㼰ʱϹĻ˵ֶˡ
ѩ÷һŬŹ΢Ц
ͷؿһۣгߡ
˭Ҷæġ
ѩ÷û͵䵭ɿ첽׷ˡ
ʵȻɣΪ˱ҵĸлԷɡ				

277ô

ͣ£תͷŲ֪ɡ
ǮĻûȥðɡ
ԼŹڣͱκ˶һ˵Ĳס
ѩ÷ۿһ죬ҧҧ꣬Ź͵·һǣˮò
ͬ־ǲҲһңǼ̫ˣԸûкͱ˽ʸ񣿡
˵һСţǸֱжҪˣɹȴҡͷ
ǣֻǽȥԶٷ°ҪҪսӣԻǲˡ
Ϳһ۵ͷĬĬѩ÷ԥһ֮󿪿ڡ
ҪлĻҳͰɣ
ѩ÷ٿȻ̧ȵؿŹͣˮϴ۾صӳŹ͵ĵ
üְ仰ظһ顣
ѩ÷Цݺݵصͷ
õģлл
תͷҪߣ֮תͷŹͻӻ֣ڡ
һǼſڵ㣡һϰࡣ
֮ǰ˵ʲô˲ûһ仰Ϊѩ÷̧ߵȴ˸һԣʶ͵ĹŹ͵ʹ˼ִȤ
ûв͸ǽⷬǴ˳ˮϵĶС
ˮȥѩ÷ͼԷһΡ
¸磬֪ҵ뷨ǣǲһҼôۣҼ޸㣬ҲҸġҰɣôãֵøõŮˡ
ˮϺ۾ҡͷ
ԭѩ÷ҲϲԼЩ
ѩ÷Ҹ㱣֤Ժúϰ࣬ú׬ǮֻҪ޸ңһϺӵģвУ
ѩ÷ҡͷ
¸磬ǲʺϣ Ұɡ
ˮôǣôǣ
۾ܻؼҸ߸ĸԼҪȢѩ÷飬ϵģǰѩ÷ĸĸͬʱʾԼķԣ̬ȼ˵˶ٺûûжҡ
ˮϺʹ࣬ѩ÷ȴ͹֮ĹϵԽԽãõôҶڴ
ѩ÷ǣôȤǣͶûз
ԣͻϲԼġ
ȷ֮ȥˮҵΰĽչ
ΰѾĽȷ˹ϵȻҪ֦æԼϵĶˣѩ÷˵ѾõĹϵܶ˵ԭҪѩ÷ռƻС
ѩ÷׼ŶԹ͸ӻͲˡ
˵쳣ʧǵ뿪ҽԺһ·ϱСԹ˲ٴΡ
Ȼ˳ң˴ҽҽԺ淢飬ҷӦһ
СĽ˵Ҳû㲻ҪĽҸôĽھˣΪʲôˣΪǮĻܣϾ㵱ڿ˵ԼŮǮҪ֤ô
ؿԴǷܵܡ
ǣĽİְ֡ôܡ
Сͷط˸ֱۣչԼĽ㣬󻹸źͿĸĸ
ôʲôԼҲ˵ˣǱץģĽôҪץ˭ץ˭ô˼Ҿץ˵ѵģ˼ǸܺԼԱľ滹Ƿһֲá
ڱˣ۾ĿԼĸס
˵ôôࣿҪô죿
СԼҲǣˣǼеĽȫԼҴϣԼŲһ˼ûУɫѿ
㣬ڲǽҪôҪôɣԽǰԼòĹ˲ˣ۶ǽ򡣡
ҳһ׷ѯʾʲô
࣬˸ҧŴ겻˵
ǳСһˣ ˶Щģ̲סЦ
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Сû˵ͱ֮ͳĬ
СôӴ֮󣬼Ϳʼûһӡ
С˵Ӳ̫Ҵȥû⡣
˼ңԼ˵ǮСҪϱǲ
üͷ
ȥҽԺôǻˣϱȥĽ࣬ƿУǮ̫࣬ǮĻ档
ҷ׷̧ͷתͷͣԼ̵ĳ˳
ʲô˼
֮ǰѾּôѲҪ
Сĸոû˹Լ﹤ҲûˣСϵͷ絷⣬֧ŵľ
ǣҲȽϺá֮ǰǻһ׸質ʲôͬ۹ôôѣǳһҲӦõġ
ϴǸʵˣҲŵͷϱקĸ첲ûת⡣
ǶӣТ˳Ӧõġ
ϴͬ⣬Сͬ⣬С֮ǰûиֿԸνͬͬ⣬ԣ˵ĵĿⶼ˳Сϡ
СȻ뵽Լϱ֮ǰȥĻǰԥѾ¶˾ġ
Цؿ
ڵǻ֮ǰһôֳ㻹ҪҴСȥĽ࿴ͲĽֱһҩô				

278µ

üͷöĽ˵ƺܡ
ġ
һҽôأ
᣿ȷңԴˣôǺгദСտܲܲҪôõ飿˵˼ĽСտҲ˼ȥû
üͷ壬óСⷬǴԼһ
ƾʲôСտѧҽģҽôȻҪ˿ġ˵ˣǶôˣ㲻ԸСտĻҴȥ˰ɣ
Ľ̫֡
Լ֮ǰΪô飬ǵĻĽմүͶˣֻ˵һػѣĽ͸Լˣ
ԼҪĽ಻Ҫ
Сĸ·һģԼҲ
ĸ˵ͨתͷԼĸס
ȻѾ˼ңǮǻԼŰɡУҵӴˣСҪˣ˵ͷСļҲҪڣССⶼûнأķӿ϶סҵ뷨ǣҪһլأԼǮǷӣô
⻰ûëҲΪȫҿǡ
Уǹһ
ʲô˼Ҳ˵ôڱȽҪǮҪǰǮȽң
СŬԼϴЦѾ
裬ԼҪǮĻǶ˵Ǯ˫ַϡڲҪҲµòҪǮǰɣǣǲ٣ȫҪʡԼö೤ʱǮǰ˵治ùҪҰԼǮȥѩ飬Ҷ˵ˡҽ㣬׽㣬ҵĵڶĸһ
ͷһȻģ
ǰȻѾ֪ˣ㻹˵ʲô
СŬ
ʱһûн飬һûкӡʲôУҽҲкˡԡ
Ļһ䣬ؿڡ
˼ǣҸˣ˵ʵ鲢˼ϱ˼
ȻΪʲô֮ǰû˵ⷬȴ˵˳
Сĸ׵뷨ֱ˼ص³һȥ˳ϣ˳˵仰
֪ˡ
˳ˮ̴תͷҡͷ
ȻѾ˼ңﻹкĵ͵û˵ԺҲҪˣ
Щż
ôô˵һͥѣѵӦðһôôʱҲûվ˵УǸа
۾۵һһһµĴųСǺ޲ڶԷϻӡ
˳̾Ϣһǰͦõģе಻ˡ
ǰҶû˵Ϊû飬˻һڲӣԣһҺʵҲТ˳˭˵ʲôأһԼСңҪǣѾ˼ҡ
СĻ㲻ҪϣȥҽԺ濴˾Ϳլصһĵġ
ǰ˳ǶڼһˮƽȻҲһ˵֮ⷬתͷȥӡ
Ҳһģ˭ҪǷӵĻ˵һ£Ҹ׼լءڸǷӵǮԼﱸ
СЩŭ
ûǮҲûˣָǵǮҲˣԼǱҲסҪôڵ泯ظɻŲҪ
ԣŭذѳСĸ˳ȥ
СһȥҲɢˣֻʣ³˳Ӻһ۵ĳ
û취𣿡
ŮҲ̲סתͷ򳣵˳
ӵ
˳̾Ϣһɨ֮ҡҡͷ
üǮֻͲҪ˵ˡǼҾҲԼʣũô꣬ռ˶٣
ᣬصͷ
֪ǡ
ǾǷŲ¡
֪ʲô֪ĲͲҪ˵ˡҪĲˣֲ֪ʱҲżҡ
ĳû֣ҡͷ
ҲģԶ顣
ΪĲô࣬ô飿
˳ԼԳʱҲѾˣѳ˵Լسš
ҹڴϵʱٳ˯š
ӵ˵ĲĲôǵɷӵĵУֲǲ֪峤ôģǼҵΪʲôȱ˹úáΪʲôԹ֮ġ
ߵ˳ٳûжһֱȵԼҪ˯ŵʱ򣬶߲Ŵ˳˳
ǾԹŰɡ
ЩţͻҪȰ˵һ£뵽ķѵľ棬ûſڡ
ǣ˰ɣ				

279Ϊʲô

ڶգա
Сһ磬ڼгϵ˺޵õСȥһ·ߡ
ҽԺʱҽԺͷĳС塣
СûؼңȻ֪淢ʲô飬ԼɩȻҪ˵ɵĽҪĻڻԼĽ֮ɫһࡣ
磬˵Ķģ
СЦһ
ΪҪƭ㲻ɣֵڼŶ̫⡣ⲻ˽ڴɩӳŶУǮĻǧҪãﶼŰǮծءǸǮ㻹ֱӸҸǷأ
Сͷѷȥ֮󣬴ųС͵СҵĽࡣ
ĽҽԺû¶ںҸǺԵģææ˽
СٻЩܿ죬Ϊ˶иĹϵܿǳСֱ˳
Ľ࣬Ϊʲôûиңΰ㲻˵ѾˣҪҵô
Ľһ£ЦЦ
˵ǲҪ˾ΪѣҲΪá͵Լ֪ˡΰ飬ȷѾˡ
С嶯ŭ
޸Ľ취ô֮ǰĴأΪʲôôЭΪҰ裬 ҿԸ㣬ùܡ
Ľ̲סЦ
Լʲôʱˣ
˾ˣģӡˣƤѾĲˣ֥齴ҽô
Ľɹİѻˡ
СĥĥĽ಻УǵԼ֡
ܲһֱҪĽΪǸĽ£ȴʲôæﲻϡ
ֻǣڸϵͼʱȴֹͼ沢ֻһڣһˡ
һŮˡ
ǡ
Ҳ˳С壬Сѩ÷ܡ
˻ŶԸԵĴ̽˵˼仰ѩ÷ææȥˣ˵ҪǺú졣
ô¶ŮĶģŲʱ䲻Ͷôһˣ
Сü
ŮƯƯܾ˵Υ͸С
û˵ѯʳСԭ
ĽСû¶ҹŰݷá
СԼϢ˵һ飬˵ĽҪЩż
˵ôģ֪Ǹ˲ãΪʲôҪˣҰ裬֮ǰĽôãΪʲôȻ˱仯
˵Щһӿˮ¡
Ͳؿ˳Сһۣû˵ֻǸһˮ
СһڣһƽĹͣǾ˶һͬĸо
Ҳ֪ɣҾ֪Ľ಻Ϊ˲ǵġ
ֻδ䣬Цһ֮ɫ
ûǣûи㡣
С˶ʱˣؿŹͣͻȻĵӿһŨŨС
ԣ֪飿
ԣĽֻԼ
Ϊʲô
ֻΪǳˣ
ĽѾҪͳ˻ϵ
ֿɬζʲôΪʲôȻӵĵף
춯СҪ˵ȴû߳С廹֣Ǳ߾ͼѩ÷Ŷš
Լģ̫ܲóԣǶೢ
ϴЦ˵ⶫ̫óԣȴô顣
СЩؿԼߵĹͣٿԱߵѩ÷֮Ķ𣬿ʼѯ֮ĹϵԼʶ֮Ļ⡣
ѩ÷˵͵ǰ˵Ĺϵ˵˸׶
Ŷô˵Ϊ͵ĺֵҵöлһͬ־İһڼڹˣæ˵ҳʲôأ
ѩ÷գɿĿ˹һۣȻҡҡͷ
˴沢ģҲֻżæѡ˵͹˴ȣһٷȻֵһᡣ
СԼйŹ֣Լ̽
ô˼Ҷ˵Ӣ۾֪ͬ־ûжûеĻֵܵǿԿǿǡֵģĺϸµġңȻûиĸǼ޽֮Ҳʲô߰Ҫܣֱӵ
ﻰ⣬ѹͿ졣
ɹԱֻԷˮһ仰˵
Ź֣ǳŹ֡
СƳһ۹ͣ
ѩ÷һͷɿҡͷٴ̧ͷʱ۾Ѿһˮ
ҧŴ꣬־ȻĿ˹һۣҡͷ
еģ䲻Ϲ˴硣֪˴ܺãǰЩ˶ڹ˴粻õĿƬ档ҲΪҲ䲻
Ϊʲô
仰ֻǳСʣҲʳ˿ڡ
ͬʻѩ÷㶣ϷӦίشͷ				

280±


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⾿ô¶
С忴˹ͣͼͶѩ÷ĿɬѶ
͸ܵ˳С񣬵ȴûʱϸ˵Щżؿѩ÷
ǲΪļְ֪̱ͥϹӣиԶĲĸ磬滹ܵܣ԰ɣ
Ĳ
͸ո˵˶Ĳ
С֮󣬾;ԼѾż
ԣŮ֮ԻΪиĲԵĸ磿
С尴Լ飬ĵԱߡͼ
ס
ΪɲءϾⲻĴֻļͥѡ˵ԼҲûмˣԼ޹ͺ˵Ĺ㹻һӡ
ѩ÷һ֮ǰȷֻҪúΰԼѣЩãҲһĽ顣
Լ޽
Լеþˣǣߴӵؿ˹һۣΪ˱Լ˵ʲôǲӦ
ٱһ£ֻһ䲻ܸӸͳ˳ȥ
뿪֮ĹͺͳСűɫ
СЦŹ͡
ð㶼ҡ
Ƴ˳СһۣЦһǲмĮ˿֮ܡ
㣿ʲô
Ϊ׽ȻվߣǳСأ
ǳСıң˳ǿǳС׵ˣĽ࣬һյ˶ѡ
Сŭ֮࣬ԼҲȻ
ǰĽֺγǲΪѣ
Ǳ۸Ľ࣬Զ˵Լ˶֣񣬻Լ裬Ҫô
СֶǰıͷֱӰһƹ˶
ɵ̧ؿ۵׵ȻЦ֮˲һ
㡭
ĿضųС塣
ΪĽõңʵΪĽൣģΪԼίɣðĽĹϵĽ಻Ӧò㡣òƽ⣬Թ
С壺
Ҫģȴ֣˵ģȻ޴ӷ
ȻҪϣɵףﻹġ
˵֮ʲôûзһԼĶ
飬ҲĽ࣬ҲҪĽ˵ҲʲôֻҪ㲻Ҫ˺С
Сʼʶ͵ʱվĽ߷͵ģֻ˵Щζ
ֻ̧ڽҪŵʱתͷŹ͡
ң˺ġ
СŲǰһڰС
һֱ֪ױ䣬ȴû뵽һ죬Լ澹ȻҲ뷨
й͵Ļ
Ͼ볣Ҵ岻ԶҲɳСؼҵʱ򣬳˶Ѿ˯ˡ
ŰΣӴ
·ؿźȻĳС壬кȻһ
զˣǲǣǲĹҲûˣ
ô룬ҪǳСĹûˣС۸ĸҲǣû˹ʶؾãĽڱ
СЦĸס
ô
֮ǰΪĽʱû뵽Щôˣ
ǰҹûˣθô㣬ӦҲ˰ɣϾȴ֮һֿԼҸֵڳҴˣ
ʲʲô
Ȼ仯ӣһ˲仹ûзӦ
Сİٻ¥ﵱΣ˵ȥ˭߿һۣԼȻǴ峤ҲҪӸҫ
񲻵Ķӻˣٻ
ʶҡҡͷ
ܣ֮ǰǸɵĺúõôƾʲôˣǲǻĽࣿҾ֪ǼŪķͲܸˡ
СȻĻ
ΪʲôΪʲôȻı̬ȣ֮ǰάĽѵô񣬱˲ˮȴִ˲ƣ˭˵ҲĽĹ
𾪵ģСһ󷢶¡
ʱѾû˵ҲҪ˶ѿࡣ
֮䷢һУǲңĽҲû˵ҵĹôģô̳վȽŸһʮõôĽ࣬ʲôԣ֪ҽԺֵ֮ûٴȥˡ
СԽ˵ԽߣҲԽԽ
˶ԥվĽߣЩڼ˵һȺʲô侮ʯ侮ʯ
Լ
ҶСѣ˷׷˳
С峯ų˳ͷĿִɫӵĳϻͷѹ
ȥɻ
˵գֱӽԼͳСķ䡣
ŵؿŽŵĳС壬ָָҹв
˵ʲô
˳ʱѾȫû˸͵˼Щƣһ֣ôȥ˯
ɢ뿪ֻгվԭأûж				

281²


ƽ׹־Ľ룬Ħҩ֮ڽˡ
Ľ࣬㻹˵˫֣ϱֻҪ׾ϸۡſսоɡ
׹־ƽĻҲԱЦŵͷ
Ҳǡ
ǰţ棬ĴָһΪ˵ֽǸҲƺˡ
ĽЦˡ
˵ĻǻôʱҪˣÿֺͰĦز٣ֻʮҲûеǿ
Ȼ֪ĽΪǺã˾Ϳȥˡ
һСʿ֮ǰƽ
ΪҲǵһμĽࡣ
˭ƾʲôҽָֻŵģҽôô⣿Ҹ˵˵Ҫεġ
Ľࣺ
˭
Ա߿ģƽЩͷۣæСѹ͡
ӣĽǡ
СԸߡ
ҽ֪˱ȽϺãҲɣֻñˣǻôô
ҽЦһĽ࣬һεģ
ĽŶԷı飬ٿҽķӦ̲סسǡ
ҽͬĻҲ͸㡣֪˺ãǶ˶ôã׳µġ
ƽûзӦЩã
£ʲô£
ʲô飬СﰡϾ߸ַôãɲеĻʿôŵάġ֪ûʲôѪԵϵɣ
⻰ȻǱȽίˣҲûʲô
ƽĽ࣬תͷɫһٱСʿҴҵغҴҵظԷƲϵ
Ǹ֮䲢Ϥ㲻ôšУĿҺ񲢲ƣϸ˵ˡ
δ䣬ͼСѾ鲼ᣬʱʵؿĽ࣬ͺʲôʮĻһ
ҽ֮ǰˤҽԺֵڶҽԺҴ緹ѵ˵
һϲң
ƽͷƤըˡ
ǸˣͬԼ߻һҪİɣ
Уȷʵһֵҽʿ緹ҲԼϱԼ壬緹ʱһͬ¹ϵôһ˵ƺͱζأ
׹־ǰһĻ̲סٺˣЩŮͬ־ֱͻҪ͡
ҽֻǴϲѣҲҪɩӷֻֿҪĬĬشߣʱʱ̿̿㣬ԺͬһƬ£ͬһƬҾˣ
Ů˵ţԼԼжˡ
ƽݺݵһڿˮĽͶȥȵĿ⡣
Ľ䴽ǣҡҡͷ
ԲҺҽе飬λú̸̸
ڡúáҧ֮׹־ƽεĿннԶ
Աֻʣˣƽ޲һ֮Ҳ鲻Ļͻһʱը˵ʲôʱͻըԼҲԼҡ
ǣԼ˰һһĸС˵ϲûҲֻ֮ͬϲͰǲһģ֮԰С޷ΪԷֻԼͬ¶ѡ
Сʿᣬͣҡͷҡͷ
ܵģҿóϲҵġΪʲôͲԸϣ֪ΪĽǲǣΪĻҲܾҡ
ƽЦԷǣôֺĽ೶Ϲϵˣ
ŬΪĽ⣬ɲô˵Сʿ
һҧĽﵷάĽ࣬ΪϲĽࡣ
ܿʱ򣬷ŭһƿƽ
ҺǣҺˣ
ƽ̾ϢһЩΣҲֻζѡ
ܱȰǿɣ
ԴСе֣˼ʮʮͣأѾһͷˣƽλԴԺ󣬲ٹע
ĽǱȴ׹־ҵ
첻ŵĿԼǰֵˣֱӵһ
㣬ôˣ
Ȼ뵽ԼŮʱ飬ôûˣԼ氲οԼ˵
Ůֻǿˣ˵
һе˵ڴʱһЦ
ôҪҪǣҪŮ뿪
ҲֱӾܾ
ܵģҲߵġҵŮûйϵ뿪Ҽҡ
ĽվԱЦ
ͬ־ܲй涨һԷ˺ӣ˵˭ľ˭ġ㲻ԸĻǿҾί⣬ֻǣʱִˣ˵ǰô뿪ţģô뿪֮ڵɷһŰ˲飬Ҳعأ
쾪ֵı飬ϵЦݱ֮ǰ˲١
Щ꣬ΪĲôΪ˳ҹ
ô				

282޲ǵİ

޲ǵİ
ǰԼŮ˶ٵСֱһħÿαôƮƮĿһֱۣĸо
㣬˭׹־Ҫ÷÷Ҹ裬ҲôСɣ
ҪĽϣֻܶ׹־
֪ǣ׹־ѾǵǸʲôˡ
ôйϵôòΪô֮ɶذɣʵˣҲһɵӡ죬Ҹʱ䣬÷÷˼빤֮ˡ
˵֮׹־ŽĽ뿪
뿪֮źݺݵһոͦεļҲһ˲ή
лл㡣
ĽĻԼͲôֱ׳š
ĽЦЦ
еĻҪá
ԭԼҲΪ׹־֮ǰʱͱȽˣƸˣû뵽ԷȻǿӲ
ԣΪԼŮɣ
ĽЩ̾ϢһĸĸԼȴ
ʵող˵죬ҹƵһ磬ǾͻŮ͹
׹־ЩɲԼӼĽ֮󣬶Է飬ûɵһŨŨڴ
ܣĽͣʮꡣ
Ľ㶨׹־ֻ֮ȥҽԺ
ƽ֪ͨһʱ䣬Ż˺ҡ
СһȻȻطɱȥӭĽ࣬ǰϹټʵҪ
˵˵ڼ澭ǵʶңƫƫĽ֮֮ǰҹǵļСһȫˡ˵ǶԵÿðװô
ǣǽİ
裺ὲ£ǿʶ֡
˵ĹԱƵֻ͵ͷ
ٺһۡ
úúã˰ɣ
ſ˵Ц֮˵ǮСȥæǹ֮ųָָ
ˣ
Ľ۵׸һĨ֮ᷳɫ
ԣĲ
εûи֮ǰһ֮Ͱһģ˵̣һ̬ظǸֻǻﻰܽһ£ôһ仰
޲ǵİ裬֮ǰͿһЩ飬ͲԭôҲ룬㼸˾ΪûûְҲְҲץˣ񻹲ôô˾˵ĹҲŪûˣ
˾ûˣ
Ľʶؾòܡ
˾˵Ƕأ˵ǺĸȻô׷ߡ
Ǳ߿һۣسҡҡͷ
ĽȻ
ûиųĻߣʱ㲻ܸŶԷ˼·ߣȻһСĹƻᱻ

ȥҽԺôֲȻʲô֢һϵеĲ֢
Ľޱ˵һֲĸ֢״Լֲչȥֵܻ
ɫףӲ
ôôأ
Ҳû ﲻ
ǰȻΪΪʲô˵ֲᷳôΪЩ룬ǲ˯ʱ򡭡
ĽһѣʱԼ⣬Ҳ
ĽԺİȰˣϽȥ״
˿ˣɱ˵ĻҲˡҰְһʲô飬ڶ
뵽Ĳĸԣдһͻ
Ҳ˲úĽ˵ʲô Ҵҵ̧뿪˺ң׼ȥ˳Ǯˡ
ȳ֮ŶһˮݸĽࡣ
ôô˵
ĽһڷˮֻҺ˳Լһֱ˳θر۾
ΪʲôҪ˵û취ģԼһ˼ά˼άƥģǻˡҾ˳˵һ裬һ°ְ֡ǣܽ⿪ǰôܣ
̾Ϣһ
Ҳ治֪ôģҵĻѾˡ
ĽŴ겻˵

ô
ǷᣬǻԼİ裬˲УҲУֻ
ĲֻҪĲһȫ֮Ժ
ģҲģֻǵȵΪĲİȫһ뿪ֲÿġ
ԼĿڣĲ־ɣ
ǣΪǰ㡭
Ȱ˵Ľ಻Ҫˣ룬˼ҵ״˹ͷŽأԼ˵е㲻
䣬Ľࡰһ
ǰţѾ˰ɣ
һ֮󣬷ɿػȻ
ˣĽ֮ǰȷҪԼĻڸĵһ¡
ԣ˵˵ģ				

283¼򵥵ı

Ľಢ˵˵뵽ȻҪȥ䣬ΪóԼЩ˷ԼСָʾΰŪ˲鷳
û뵽˾ˡ˾˺С˾ǾȻΪͳ˳˲졣
ɳĽʱҲ֪Լø˻Ǹѹ
˯֮ǰٰѽ췢ͺ˵һ¡
СĲˣ
һ£ҡҡͷ
٣˵ҪؼҴһ顣ʲôҲ˼ٵǻã޶ԣҲӦþһ£ҪҪ
Ҳͷ
ϾСĽһģĽͳС²ܵĻ˵Ʒ⣬ԺãҲᵱĸʲôȥ졣
ʱǿеĳС壬ޱųԼǰԼĲͼĲ
Դ㣬ҪҪ򣿡
Լܵⷬһ£Լ˵ôˣôôĮȻôĮô飿
ǣҪκԼĲ
СֱӸһѡ⣬Ҫ𰸿⡣
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ȥҽԺ壬ҽ˵ÿƣȻֲ˵Ҫһӡ
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СԱ߿ţţкȻһĨĹâ
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ĿڳϣԼҼֵܣĳ࣬ٿȻûְơ
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ʲôģ˵Ƿ϶ಡ԰Ǿֲˣܺô
Ϊʲô˵ǹŮаͲŮȾģ
ʼϵŮҡҡͷ
֪ʲôиҲסռҺܽģ˵ǸŮͱ˲岻˵ѲȾҪ顣

СԱţüͷ塣
ϾôԶɲʲôϢᴫĲץϢҲ
˵ʲô
װ˹ȥ
ҶʱĬųСεЦ
ҡҡͷæʾǾ³ѣɶҲûɡ
ôҸոô˵иϣʲô˰Ҿȥϣ֪ϲʶ
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ϵĻҸβסС֮󣬼ҴҵذСʾߡ
ԭΪԼؼ¾ȥˣû뵽С徹ȻɥĲֱӸң׷ʡ
ƲѣŰԼϼʱˣ˼ҸǮ˵Ե齲˳
Сû׷ֻóʲôò˵һ顣
ܹ˵̫࣬С岻׷Ҵҵ˵˶Էĳ࣬ͼСɫһƬ
С壬ԭӡӹϡ
Сڰֱʾ飬һͳСŵʱ򣬻˵ǲģ
Сû˵ֻŶԷ˴Щлʲô˼
ĨڳĽϾйô
СʣԼȻҲҪ飬Ҳɱһǧ˰ٵķʽ
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284ֻɹʧ

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һӡ
ǣĽǡ
ǵһΣƷĵһ
ԣֻɹʧܡ
һ磬Ƴ˱ڰ칫ֵˣ˶Ժн˰칫ңҪȥĦһⳡ
Ժڽעʱӿһˡ
ȻҽԺͷʢҽơ
Ժǲе㲻ΪʲôȥĦǾͲܣ
ǰҲȫҽƵģǸѧϰҽСô

һһùԺһͷֻεذڰ֣ôһȥ
ѧϰôҲһλᡣ
֮ǰĽοеðգ˵Ľ֮ѾԼлɺǶ׵Ժ
ִ˵еĶû
ʱڵĲϵĲҽڸ裬ǲ˲ͣڰοҽҪ̫ơ
Ľ䴽ǣҡҡͷ
ҵĵһֻɹʧܡ
ϾʦļˣҪúȥʦûı޲ߣԼҲŬѧϰŬʵԼ
Ժ·ߵĸԶ̳ʦ־
ڿĽϵׯϺ£ȻԼСŮ硣
䴽ǣصصͷ
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ֵ˵ȻһŰ״ӵĽСӰ
ŭضǸ˵ЦĽ࣬ҧҧꡣ
Ľ໹ûԼƾʲôҶôã
Ȼ˶ĽЦúƵƽеļһ緢ͣ𽥾סԼһġ
ԣΪҪȽϻṴˣ
֮ǰƽֹǸˣ δ
뵽۾һҴҵתͷܡ
ײ˻ʿ
СأȥĶ
СؼæԼĶӣһʹࡣ
ʿңҶۣҼȥϲ
ʿЦЦȥ
ֻ뿪Ļʿȴת֮ŶܿСȻת˷¥Ǳȥ
ʱָʮ㣬Ľƽ˴޾ſֽҡ
ƽ׹־ҲˣĬָ
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ҶûʲôȵģǸǵĽָ࣬ȷ˵пڵĽ֮Ѹٹϵ˽סڵļѨλ
ңĽֹѪǯײȻĵͼĵε
ϢؿǵĲ
ԺʹûȥҲڰ칫潹صǱߵĶ
û뵽ǣ칫ûеȵǱߵϢһٱš
дĽͼ֮䲻岻Ĺϵ˵˶˵ҽãǼٵģǶô˵ġ
ôô˵Ľڡ
ԺҪˣҽԺ쵼ǽҪȥ飬ⶫ˭ġ
ҿ֮Ҳȡ
һĻƻҽԺɧҵİɣ
ǰǰȥĻСӰ첻ãŶҽҲá

˭֪ҽԺڽʲô
˭ǵ۶Ǳ߹Ĵ
۶Ǳ߶ûа취ҽԺˣʱָоľô̼
Ժ룬ҪϽһݹĵԼԼְĽ
뿪
ȳ֮󣬸ԺҽЦһеֽŶ˶
Ǻǣײϣ
ɲǣ˭ôݣеְɣ

Ľಢ֪ķ粨ʱæµǰֵ״
֮ǰƬʱ֪ڵĹͷãֻǵǶʱȴֲѾûɹͷ϶һѵĹͷû
дá
ΪطĹϵʱҽû͹ͷһ𣬸տʼãԺĻ⡣
ҪôڹǷ棬һСĵĻ
ƽͷĳһĨˮ
Ա߼æлʿæ̧ͷǰĽ࣬Աߵ׹־ڡ
˹̶ٳ
ƽһ׹־ˡ
׹־ʶѣҲܼᶨָڹǷһͷ
֮⣬㻹취ôͷٳԺⲻҪڶʱɳ˴֮û취
⡭
ƽЩΪѵİԼĽϡ
Ľ࿴˿ǿͷĵطصصͷȴҪڵȦһ鷶Χ
ۣеĥƽȻø̶ְ
Ҳ۵ضĽǼΧĶһϾ
治һá
ƽıɣһһԪ飬ǵͷ
һν飬һҪپڶΡ
棬ҽ֡
ʱĹͣҲЩ΢š
Ϊſ޿ѩ÷				

285Ը

˴磬Ҳ֪ôˡҸǷһƨǮû취û취ʱҶ޲һ֮ˣ˵ĻҰô죿˴硭
͸Ů˽ӣ΢Щ
֪ŮҪ޷Ҫͷæ
ֻѣŮ˳ͷԼĶҪΪԷ
̾Ϣһƿѩ÷
֪ģҺԸΪЩǣҰ˵ĻԺܻҡȷҪôô
ѩ÷Ȼ֪ͻԹǼʲôǱ뷨ġ
۾̧ͷŹͣصسŹ͵ͷϸһĨСŮ˵ߺ졣
˴磬Ըġ
ҧҧ꣬ѹ
㣬ҪңҲܾġ
Сżս˹͵գԥһ£صһڡ
ңϲ㡣
˵꣬ɿܳ˹˼ҡ
Ĩϱ˸ո׹ĵطϵıѿ֮
ſڣȻһ˵Ц֮ǡžžžĹ
תͷȥͼСЦЦֻֻ߽ͣĹơ
Ϳһۣüͷ˷һˮ˷Լոձ׵ĵطݺݵز˲䣬ϸϸسϴԷʲôϸͲһ
СҲúЦ
˵˼Сһ£˹ƶ˵ĲҪҪģ㣬ô˵˼ǸС֪֮飬ô죿
ͽüͷѿ
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С͡
һҪʣ㾿Ҫ
ףԼҵ˹Ʊ¶ˣҲ̹Ȼ
ûʲôֻһìתעѡ
Ϊʲô
תע
ת˭עԼҵ
ͿСֲĿĲݵӣ̲סüڡ
һֱȥҽԺĽࡣ֪ĽжӣֻɹʧܡΪѾû˯ˣ
С׹ͱĽ⣬ˡ
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ҡҡͷֻĽҪһָ˳С塣
˵ҪúòĲ飿ǸĲص㲻Ѿô
С֪ҲΪԼǸĴ
ǣ
Ϳ˳Сһۣͷ
С۾һ׹
ԣΪˣԲŸ¶˿԰ɣΰΪʲôʱߣ
տʼΪɵڣ񣬴ΪĽɣ
Ҳŷ֣ΰ澭˽ģ滹Ŵ˭֪涼װʲô
ҲֻŶѣ㲻Ҷ֡
ϧҸԷ
ǣԼû˾ûˣԺĽཻ˭չˣ
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Ͼ֮ǰһһõĳСҲԹ
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СողܳȥС
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ͰԼ֮ǰĲ²˳С塣
ΰ֮ǰŪԣͶҪĽǶá͵ˣѩ÷Ǳһ
Ϳ𾪷ǳĳС壬ҡҡͷ
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С壬ԶҪǵҪһıʲô				

286Һ

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֮˺ܿ飬˺ӣǺþ֮һ֪롣
ôǱƲѵģ֪зųһ죬Լô飿ȻҲã̸ֹһ׵ˡ
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ܡôᡭֻһҽѣûôȨƣô飿
̾Ϣһ˳ŵС
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ôûõˣ
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÷÷ЩżسԼĸ׵·ӡ
裬㲻ҪȥɣִҪô죿
Ůıӣҡҡͷ
׻ְ֪֡뷨㺦ҪӴΪΪǲǣϾôϾ뿴һۡ޷ǲǣ
÷÷ͷ˵
ЦЦŮļ
ʲôְ֣װְ֣ʲô飬ޱ㣬ǸŮ飬ԡ
׹־ôִҪŮǲҲҪԼƾԲ˼
ͷԼϰ²ɵ·ҪȥǸ˵ĻƺҪһԼ
ΪףԭʱŮôΪɷһҲԭʱӡ
԰ɣ
÷÷иǸŮԲԸô
÷÷ûоֻܾǲͣҡͷ
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üԼգСðϵʱĽһȺ˷ս̨ϡ
ǽңڣѾ߸Сʱһ붼ûꡣ				

287

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Ͼôʱָڴڽ״ָ̬ѾӲĲʹˡ
ǣƽ׹־ոյ
վԱߵҽǲ֤׹־ƽҲҲ֤Ľ֮Ľ֮
ĽĽ룬ǶֹѪǯȥǱѪѪѾֹסˡ
жѪѹĿƣİգߣֱһһ
⻹ģҪڽڶѽŽʱŵѨλ룬̶̼ѣûһͼѵĽŽһ̽ͷ
ȥֱûУ
˭˵أҲһ
Ӧ֪ǸŽλãȻİ취ŽֱˣԲŻῴȻܳˡѨλİĺң֮ǰмѨλҶûм
Ավ˵ǵǸϳ𡱵ҽ˵ЩĽ
ֱڶ뷨
ԱٴĽӶⳡν
ⳡǰǰһ˶ʮһСʱܳɹ
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˵ĽǼˣԱ߼վſǶˣ۵ĲҪҪġ
ĽȳŵʱѾ賿ˡ
߶ȵľţѾҵţҲԵƣ
Աƽе󣬴ʱǷһһĽ࣬Ц
˵֮ǰǻʱôôλҪҪˣںιĶҿ˯
׹־Щ֡
ʲô˼ĽܺóôԹ
ƽϴǶ˵һ飬ôҹЦ
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Ľ൹Щա
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Ա˲
⣬⻰˼˵ϴȥǼҳԷˣʲôһ˵׷۶ûй
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кΪ˸ԼΧѡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱȻҽԺſһϤӰ첽˹ȥȻǺþöûҹĹ͡
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Ҹոջ˵ųԶ˵ͣƴһ֮󣬽ŲҴҵ̧ʳǱߡ
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ҡҡͷ
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ŮӴôĿŹͣ滹Լŭ
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˵Լÿ϶ĵ˲˯־⻰˵Ҳû˼ȥΪԼһڡ
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Ľͷ
˲ʳǱߣźȻ֣ĽྐྵȻԼԼˣ֮ǰŵԼ첲ѾԼ
Ͳ˵Ľ໹ûз֣һ˵Ľžȵı˱߲֮ȻĬĬص˵ͷ
⻹ĵ˱˰
ȻҲûп
ЦЦҪ֮ǰһԴ׻Ȼջ֡
Լ˼֪ĻһԼɣ
ת˻ѯĽúòãɲɹ
ĽҲû˵ٷ֮٣ֻ˵аٷ֮˾ʮ
֪ⲻһί˵ԵΪĽˡ
Ŭôãʵϰôãϰôãڿүӽˡ
ĽŲһ٣㵵תͷȥͣǾȺͲš
壬ô֪
Լ˭Ҳû˵Ϊ˼ǵá
͵׻ûסַĽԴࡣ
СѾˣʺ־ٶˡ
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Ϊʲô֪һ֪ΪʲôһֱʱŲҪʱһ㣬ʮþһʱүӼյʱ򣬿˸ˣ				

288ʹ߳

ʹ࣬߳
Լһֱ鱻޹˼ɵ˵ĽǸжǸм
жôԼмȻʲôǵá
ԼʱΪʦòƽȥʦգȥɨĹʱ򣬴˾ȻҪʦķסˣ֮ǰʦ˺ӵǼˣ˵ǰæչʦķӣҲѾֲܡ
ʦĴھͺ̻һʧ˾ʧˡ
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Ľ۾ݺݵرס˹͵ʡ
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Ľʲô᲻á
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ĽӣΣƽ֮ųŹͲ˼صͷ
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Ľ࣬ʵҲǣҪ̫ˡһͽóԡ
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Ľ࣬СӲúúðա
ҲòٱϴǸһֻ۵ǿ

ĽЦõظҽ͹ͲԼĶֻѡ
Σε뿪
Ľ˵֮æźʹҸ𣬾ȻûΪһ仰ı顣
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̧ͷһ۶С֪ʲôʱǰôƼݵСѾͷѾƯɾ
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٣Լȥʱ򣬸Ʋ۾
ȴҶ֮Ľ໹Ĺͻæ͵Ǹ
壬㲻ҪϰֻĶѡ
ڵӿĽ֮ҡͷ
û£Ҳ⡣
޲áĽԼϣҪ£ͬʱҲ֪ܵġ
Ľ壬ΪԼ˼о߳ܡ
ʶԼ뷨ѩ÷鷢֮һˣȻԼĹǷҪй
ֻǣһ˯ʱȻҪεĽࡣ
ô۾Լϣ滹ҪǣȻзӦ
Ľİ£һйע
֮󣬹ʹ߳ܵУԼɺ漸ֻҪڴֻ᲻ҪǸ淢顣
Χ˶ʶĽ࣬Ҳû취˵ֻܰԼ
˶ħһ򿪣޷رա
ʱҲԱҪư͵˳ѩ÷ˣɵѩ÷ʱ޶˵ľöġ
˽ܵ飬ֻܸԼİ˹ôܴպϣ
ÿѩ÷ı鶼֣˲ʱ˲ϡ
̫ÿ˰֮гԶع棬ųվں¥£Ľ¥ϻȴٳٲȥ
£¿ĽǱĺͲмҲԼģҪɡ
ĽôȫȫԼȴ˲е˼¥µȣҲû¥Ź
һΣò˸ڣ԰ĽףΪ˳°ԭΪԱߣԼһ㣬ϧûá
ǰСŴɰյʱԺеľõʣһ˲ֱټ				

289

ĽýĹЩ֣ڹǰζ£ԷգҲգؿԼ
壿壿
ڴԼ˼лǿسһĨЦ
űһˮѹԼǱͲ
壬ǲû˯ã۾涼ɫģǲ̫ˣǼĻ㲻̫żġ
Ľŷ˹۾ĲͬϿȰ衣
壬塭
Сһһڶ߻صֶԼ˼ıĺͲмù͸̧ȥĽߣԼһеȻ޴档
ôһ˲䣬Ҫ뿪ĳ嶯
û û¡
ĽЩģǸȷһûϵ֮ŷ˼
漴;ãͳԵ̫ˣôУ
ǰĲ˼顣
壬Ե㡣̫ˣ̫ȣǼķóԣ
Ҳǣһ궼ԷθڶˣôԵĹ߱ķ
û˵۾ȴضԼļ⣬ԺǼĴ֡
ĽģĽģĽġ
Ͳ˵ֻԼĲˣĽ룬ϻȻ
壬ԲҲ֪㲻ϲ˸вˣϰ˼ߡ㡭
Ľ˵׷ҲԵĻԸٻһݡ
ֻĻû˵ͼѾÿӼǼɿ档
ΪԵ̫࣬Ե̫죬ҭԼ
ĽǸ˵ˮŹ͵ĺ󱳣Ѽ³
ǹôã
ǿĽġ
ĽĴţһ춯صĿԡ
壬û¶ɣ㡭
Ͱڰ֣ɿƿĽ࣬Ҫ뿪һ
ֻǲ֮䣬ָСĽ֣Ǵһ㣬ָĺëֱһֱӵȫ
Ľ໹ЩģǹȻû뷨̰ĽĿֵĽĿ
˵Ը쳣Ť
Ľû뵽͵뷨ͿԽԼԼλϡ
壬û¶ô
Ͱ˰֣ӵؿĽһۣҡͷ΢ɳơ
û¡
ǵĵߣΪԼ˼оŭͲм͵͵Ľ࣬Լ˼Ļһŭɶɣ
ֻûһദȻǶԴСһѡĬĬԶ룿
ɲһԸⷢ
ԣһҪܱ֡
֮ŸĽ˵һΰ
ĽŹ治ͣĳѩ÷֣Щɵؿ˹һۣ̽ſڡ
壬ѩ÷ǲǺƯ
ҡҡͷã
Ưôûио
Ľ̾ϢһǰĹԾǺĸֱа˼С˵ѾԼ͸ˡ
ҲǺ¡
壬ɲĻܲȲҪ飿
һΪѩ÷˵ΰˣһҲҪѧģʱ׳һһѧߣһѧ͵⣬˺û취йͬԣ˵Ҳ̫ģ׳¶
ԭûдô飬Ľ˵۾һɿصͷ
Ľ಻֪Լ˵ôһ仰Ϊʲôˣ룬ùǸѩ÷˱Ƶ̫˰ɣ
ֱ£
Ͳ֪ԼĽѾһֱУͦõġ
ĻǲԼԶĽߣҪʱͦ˻
˺ܿ˷Ľȥ棬ȴĽŵʱ򱻹;ܾˡ
ˣˡһҪһˣϽȥϢ
ĽҲûǿԱ֮Ķˡ
뿪ּ֮æȥٻ¥
Ȼ۾źѪ˿һû˯ĳС塣
Сպ緢Ľһ壬ԼƾԼλӣ㹻Ϊ
ֻǣһݽ˹͵Ļ֮ҡҡ׹ڻٻ¥鵽һЩ֮󣬺Ȼ
֮ǰʵЩϹͣùͲһԼĸױһҰӣΪĽ࣬ڵķ⣿
ɾһ֮һеĽȫǼ
ͱԼ˲֪١
Դʱ͹Щġ
߳ܵġ
ôˣأ
ûչ˳С˵˳С岻ǽĽѡ
ȻС˭ʶ
Сص˵ͷ
ǵģٻ¥涫˻ˣϧ񻹲鲻һ̣ȫǼٵġҺûų̂ڣȻĻ				

290±


ȻĻСҲͷˡ
ϾһԼ˾ܶ
һС꣬ȻĽϵֺڹһġ
¾Ը⣬Ҳͬ⡣
ԣֻԼλӲϲµˣΪӡ
ͻһܡ
ȷֻô
С򴽰꣬תͷǽǴһơ
Ǹո͹ģʵе㵣ĵģǣǾ֮󡭡
ü ͬĿųС壬ڡ
Ϳô㾹Ȼûиߺ㾿ôģԼԱôô
Сҧҧ۾ȸոո˼֡
ô죿ߺĻѲϵԼ顭
Ц
飬˵ᱻץȥΣص˵ᱻǹСʱĽ֪ôǱǣûʲô
ᵽĽ࣬Сʹر۾
ԼĽΣá
վԭؾʱȻһɧȻͼ˽
˵ûĺͿ
û᳣С壬ԼǱװƵӡ

С߹ȥګګ
һۣüͷ
㻹Ÿӣ
˵Ļ
ҧҧ
ܱóȥ˾ٱǿ
С廹ûж֣ͼѾ˹ȥŲӡ
ΣҲȥ
˺һֱæ㣬˲Űľȫ򿪡
ֻһƿƳһΣҲǻ
ЩƺȾƵĳСѾλƣû취ˡ
ͺͺӸƽ֮һ˵һ̣ǰֳİ׾ƣ鲻һ
ĬţĬţڳĬбڳĬ
һ̻ûг꣬ݺݵذһ
һ˦
ģ
ʹʱҲеҪֿˡ
һİ׾ȫˮֱΰôģȻһôࡣ
ɣ
˼֮󣬺ȴ˳Ĭ
ô죿
ĶǺҵⲻ
ͱȽѡ
У
ĲС
ĻͳС嶼Ӳ
뵽Ľİæüͷ
Ҫģڡ
šü룬һְ취ǶҪǮֲ
֪뷨ǣԼĻһ첻³˾ٱˣǾʹڱˡ
͵ָֽɣĿֱֱؿǰ̺;ƣҧ
ǣҲġ
ôܸĵˣ
Ǳ˾ΰ·磬ԴӷԼϲĽ֮󣬾ԼԼغΰ˱һȵ˼
ܲ죬ԵĻҪԿ
ԥһ£ͷ

ҪҪҰ飬˵ֻҪܰæĻһƴǡ
ϾҲԼǰ;δҹ
͵ͷû˵
ֻԼԼ뷨ھҪôû
˰Ѽ̼پƼ֮󣬰һȫȻֺѳСϵڵȥͼһƿƣȥгһ⣬ߡ
ȥһȦѶ֮󣬶Էһľս
˵˵¶Ҫٵ֮󣬳Цûиؽ
һΪСҪɶأС¶û¶óҪɹһҸŪʱôڣҿɲܡ
͸л˳֮󣬾ͼĳˮϡ
û߹ȴˮס˸첲

˵Сȥѧϰְнô죬ȴԭƨġϣҸոտɿˣƿƣѾʮǮ˰ɣ
üͷһסĸ첲һ
ʶĽ֮ǰǽϵһԣܸǼҳ㷹ˮȻĶ֡
ۣſңſҡ
ͽ鲢ôã߲ŷſ˳ˮϣǱ߾Ѿס˳ˮϵĲӣ˰ǽϡ
Ҳѩ÷ʲô˼òҪңȻĻ
ָս
ˮɫ࣬߸ߵͷͣͣĴŹ͵
طſѿ
ǸһѵҷԺʲô飬ҪҶ㲻
ȹ̧뿪ˮԼϥǴڴڵĴϢţ͵Ƿŭ𺡣
ͣԲŹ
õֻݺǼˣҲѲ
СĸסϣСڰٻ¥ϰ࣬ԴչվÿԴһ죬ãǽ졣
͹ȥʱĸڼ				

291º


ԴؿųԼҵˣ졣
ôй
룬ԼҲ˵ĵطԴţȥʳ˲ˣϼʣµһƣԴԷ
˵쳯飬ԴǱ֮ǰصö࣬⸱ģĶ֪¶Լ
˳Ա֮ĶƤ
˵ǼĽóԣϧһֱûԹ˵ͽģҸĲˣ
ԣǼҡ˹ͣñٴûãҲӦĽȥԴˣѾˡ
мҪ鷳㡣
Ͱ˵һ飬ص̼پعĻҲù
Դŭһӡŭ塣
ԣ鵽üĿô˭ɵģ
˵˸ˮΰ顣
ΰǴʮ꣬һȻҲһȦԴ֮ǰǸ첻ߣҲΰ飬Եһ
ô
Ͳѣ˵˶ԷĽҪǿռؼҵ¶ԴȻͷҲŭ
ģһˮ˾ȻܵǸҰ˭ĵӣ
ңԼҴϰã飬ôǸλӻô
˼룬Դûаѻ˵ֻ˵ȥһ¡
νļˣȻСꡣ
ҹҴȥһңֱС˷䡣
ŶҪŪһ뷨ûУҴҵذѽԼĻ˵һ
СüĽšǸȻٻ¥һ̾ƣⶫǼٵģһ
ǵðæ
Դڣֱ˵Լ
ΰûĽ͹Ҳʡ͵ĵơʱ쳯ǱôңԽʱԽսӣŲ֪Ľٸ˭ɣҽԺԺҪŵˣߣԡǰһ
ıЩ
ңҹ˵пҪж
λСûǸ
۾һ
ԣλӿܻ䵽Сϣټ˵İæλĿԡ
ˣ
֮ǰ飬Դﲻ֪ǰһϵƣһپ٣һ𣬴ԸԼ˵ΪĹϵ
Ҳ˵Դ˼ٻؼϵԼ֮ǰЩֵǣ˵ŮҽԺѰ׹־ȴһա
׹־ôܣ֮ǰ˵Լϰġ
ЩţѲ׹־ƭ
ܵġ
׹־ˣҪŮȻ˵ѡ
λͬ־˵ҽڲ˵ҽԺ
湤źҽһһϲŻؼϢ
ʿһǰŴʱеŮˣЩ֡
ͬ־ҽôҽԺҲҽҪҪ
Ļûпھͱ³Ĵˡ
Ҳ￴ģ׹־š
ְڵ÷÷ƵԷǰһЦ⡣
Һ׹־Ů
ʿ׹־ӴȽ϶ģЩҲв졣
׹־ţֱ֮סҽԺҲǼһ֣˿û˵ϱͺӰ
ͬ£ʿǸ缸֣ǿ佱׹־ͻǿ佱÷÷
Ư͸׺ƣһ⡣
ôһ˲䣬ƺһ˵ոռ޸׹־ʱĽԼŵĵ⣬ҲΪԽ϶ԼһҪ׹־ͺá
ҽԺúˢһڸУ׹־ϰʱ֮Ů뿪
÷÷ǰҲ̸ڼҪʲô̸ͬʱҲͬѧǲ࣬ĸ׶һϰ࣬˴֮ûʲô
ҽԺһȦ֮ŴҲҪǮĿ佱ЩڣΪʲôҪ׹־ʱ˵ǷһɣԺ᲻ϻ֮ã
ĸŮ˴Ų˼ؼңͼӴֵĿǡ
Լ飬Ӵ󽭵ģϿһ
㣬ôǸ
ȥĶˣոһʱС˵ԼӶˣͽڼˡ
ɰͰ͵سһĨЦָݺݵקŮһѣ֮ɿ߽˳
ⲻ÷÷ҪˣŲһ·Եġá				

292


û˵ȥӴԼҲܡ
ϾԼҲ÷÷ôʱ䡣
÷÷ԶļҡǰְֲãǰְûãȻҲؿű㡣
÷÷ôһ˲س嶯ӴףӴĺѪ˿ҧҧ굽û˵
ţ
صͷ첽Լ䡣
Ӵ󽭸κ𣬾ԼΪŮģһһҪβ
Ľڶ쵽ҽԺͼʿ׹־˵ϱŮҵҽԺ飬֮䲻ϵؿ佱׹־ϱŮƯᡣ
Ľüͷ
ϱ
⻹һʴʻ㡣
ֻǣ·ǵãķƺǰҪӸǰ֣
Ȼһ׹־ؿڡ
ʿûϱУҲֻǰ޶ѡ˵Ů֮ǰΪһЩûߣλҲҪŮӵչˡ
ʿЩ˼ҲЩŭ
˼Լƺİ˻£ŭ֮ǰʱһһϱ
æ׹־Ǹ׹־ûзϣҲý͡
ŸոתͷͱĽԤ롣
ֻǣеɶͷԣҲĽĻЩ
ǶѾˣôŸҺͺãⲻܰɣ
Ľҡҡͷ
ԶҪ͹ԣʲôܵģû뷨Ļû֦չҽԺ棬 ˵ϱ÷÷Ůô
ǡ֮ǰôң
ҵӼҵʱ̬ס
ĽҪ˵ֻǵȿ׹־ˣ䴽ǣҡҡͷ
ҾӦȥʱˡ
׹־˳Ľ߿ȥͼԼ촩һ·Щߵ÷÷˹
Ϥĸо׹־šüͷ
֮ŻȻ
·ԾǵԼʱԼ·
һ˲䣬ζӿͷ
ж죬뿪ԼֺݺݲԼһλʱжպޡ
ֻǴʱ֪÷컹·Ӧ÷̶Է룬֮ҪԼϡ
׹־Լ˼·ѾŮߵ˽ǰϹЦݣһģ
־
Ľ䴽ǣûټȥ
׹־и֮ģ˵ٶҲȻ׹־ûи֮ģ˵ҲԼжϡ
ϵӻѾ˹ɫ԰ףɫ֮ǰȲһأ۾ȴǺģһϣ
ûɵأոձǽҵ˲硣
壬ܳɹѾ˶ʮĸСʱΣڣֻҪԺ󸴽õĻġ
Ҳûеķ֡
ǸƬ̫СˣǷԹۣѶȴһʱûҲпܡƬǷһʱըҵ
ĽĻû䣬ԱЦ
ýͣҵĻҲôѡġԣлл㣬øҵڶλᡣ
ĽڵΪˣȻ֪ѡԹǣָһվʱ򸴽Ѷϵ
ᶨ
һֱţҪõʲôȻҪʲôԽѣ˵ø󡣡
ǳԵÿп࣬Ϊ˵ıְɣ
ֻߣΪе
ǣһˡ
Ľں˵СʿȥԺ칫ҡ
룬ԼҲȷӦúԺú̸̸ҽԺ߶ôʱ䣬˵Ҳͦ˼ġ
ȥ֮ȻƽȻҲڣҿԼЩ֡
档
ԺûжȦӣֱӰϵһŸĽ࣬ұʾҽԺ˵ּһ飬ȴûҵˣǲǵʲôˣ
ֽЦЦһ
ŪҲ˵רҵһԾĸ˺һţҲ߯ǿˣ
Ժ
ƽ
Լı֣Ľɿһǰֽ
˼ҼȻдţȻ˲鵽˭дġңֹ壬ҽԺûдĳɣο滹мԵĴֺƴ
Ľ಻ǹԺȴϤġ
ҽԺȻʿԴȴݬ룬Ͼô˽游ĸְλҲǵҽԺ֮ǰѵģ֮ǰѧϰѾķ˺þãոСѧҵ߳ûҵ˴ڡ
Ľ˹ԺĽ̲ͣסǡ
ԭΪԷǹдģֻСѧʣȴԭ
Ҳ˾ͱ˰
ֱֽŰŰͰһӣɴ䣬һˮ
תͷʱ򣬾Ͷ˹ԺƽǾı顣				

293ڿ

Ժ֣µؿĽࡣ
Ľ࣬鲢ô򵥡㻹ᣬ֪ܲԿηĭҲˡ
䣬
ƽҲԱߵͷ
ĽЦá
˵Ĳ鲻Ͳ飬ȴҲĲ鰡ϾҽԺѾһ飬ûˣ˵˲ҽԺˣֻ̫ǻôҪαذ˼Ͼ͵һΣ͵ڶΣԺúſŲˣ
ԺһĶͷ
ңֻ˲ʼˣȴһ硣
ƽȴеðա
Էݵڶأ
Ľʼ硣
ǾֻûзҽϸոǷдŨŨԹĲô
ƽƿԡ
ðɣĻᡣ
鳬ãǸ֮ĵȥдһٱţֵҽԺԼٱģžٱŻȥھӼҵСܵԼдΪ˸桱һд˼֣д˼ƴ
Ȼһ컹ҪдʲôĵãľҪҳдǷ˵ıʼдһѹĵúͽ齻ȥȷһûܹд˭
֪ĽƽһҲżͶȥˣܲ᲻ܣû뵽ֵȣȵҽԺ洫׹־ǰ޵һûеȵԼҪȵϢ
е㲻ĵزͣԺҸתƣ²ǲǷűŪˣ ǸֻҽԺŪй£͵͵ذԺ䶼Ҳûж
Сͬ־ĸҵģô
ԺһŲСĿ۾ɿػһĨ⣬״Ʋؿѯʡ
û뵽Ժʱ򶼻û°࣬һŵҡͷ֣ʾԼʲôû
ֱ˵
ԺЦõؿŲеĹ˽нԺ칫ҡ
˵˵ɣһžǲдģ
ȻԼһ˲ֹͣô᣿
ô֪Լ
ңûСûдšҺܳҽôдţ
ԣҸû˵ǷŵݣΪʲô֪һǹҽģ
ͣȻ⡣
ǰԼ˵ͺˡ
ݺݵһĭ
ңҲ֪ʲô֪
ֻǣʱ˵֪Ѿˡ
ΪϴԼɣﲻòԼԼ֪˵һ顣
ﻰȫĽƭˣĽͱ˸㲻ϵĽָĺϡ
Ҫ֪ԺҪ¶أȴͷϰñӣôܲŭ
صһӡ
Ҿ㣬˶ҪΪԼ˵ġò֤ݺ
ҧҧ֤꣬ݣ黹Ҫ֤ݣ
Ȼ뵽ʲô
Ժ֤ݵġö˶ĽÿҽǸ밡ڴ֮ͥ¶˵֣˽ɳʲô飿
ԺҵźȻ˴򿪣Ľʮ˽
۾ŹЦ
ԭ㡣ڶβٵţԭҪһ·ֻϧԼԼ·
ﲻš
㣬ô֪ң
¶ˣûС
ŷҹֵʱ͵͵ȥģҲԼдģôᱻ֣
ΪҽԺΨһҲ˰ҽ׵ʱһɣȰ˵ҽԶʱһ޲ŪҰɣ
ԱߵĹԺˣټСʿո˵ԼҽԭΪ
Ͽĵظ˵ҽʹѾк֮ģƫƫ˼ҹ;ǾǿԼΪʲôĽԺҽһ𣬵ֵԼʱԺ˵Ļ
ѲֻΪԼһССĻʿ
ĽͷֹסԺҪ˵ĻֻؿŹҪҪڡ
ŲúڣңҪȫҽԺ˶֪
ֻǣ֪ǣȥĽҽҽԺ˵ʱ򣬴ҿıڿһɵһ
ǲ̫ˣԻȥúϢһ¡Ϣһ¾ͺˡ
ǰ㲻Ҫ룬Ľ˼ҿжģĻȥɲ̫á

ڻʿֱӰ˳ȥܴһЩֵۣЩģΪʿвٷ飬ͰĴҽԺϳȥֻܲĵر͡
뵽ĽĶ󣬶ʱ۾һ
ĽжĻĽĶ֪Ľ˻ô
һ󵨵뷨
û뵽뷨ûиʵԼȱһֲ
ڶûϰãͱͬ½˳ȥ˵
ԭΪԼļ֮ģû뵽ȻһİŮˣҶԷԼߣܲơ
ԱߣվЦЦĽ࣬ûɵĴһ顣
㣬˭				

294Ӳ

Ľ࿴Сηηı飬̲ס˳ǣǰסŮ˵ĸ첲ܡ
Сӣǹҽţζž顣
ζžƽô߹Ķ֪ܲԼʲôӣ˵ˣƽʶĽ֮ڼ˵ľĽ֡
տʼ˵ԺĽԻҩˣֲ֮ϵĿĽ˺óԣһļܱȡ
ζž鵹ǶĽ˺֮ģû档
˭֪Ľݷ˼飬ζžҪ
ŭƽ鲻ָлĽ༰ʱ֪
ƽΪûɶ⣬ֻҪԼеĶֱֵ˾֪ķݶϸһСȥɺζžһŮˣŮȻ˽Ůˡ
ɲô롣
˼Ů׷иɴŲʲôʱԼ˺һСһ档
ҪҪ
ǣúõظԼ˰Σ˵ŮĿֲԣ֮һ죬ԼҽԺ
ǲһķˡ
һ棬ȻЩʧ
ҲƯҲûкͻԾƽԿ
Ǹϲƽˣ֪֪ƽѾ˺ӣ֪֪ľٶƻ֮ͬ¹ϵҲƻ֮ķ޸飿
仰Ǳ˵ģԷⷬǺζž˵ģòһ¡
ɸоԱͬǺͲǿԼߣòķ
ֻ͵͵ϲѡ
źζžϵ⣬ݺݵشһ䣬ָԱߵĽ࣬ˮ
û뵽û˵ڣͱζžһƺݺݵ¡
ôҪƽСգõʲôûʵĽڣ˵Сڴ֮ͥǼ֡ޣ˼ȻʲôġСղ⿴㶼ǲԺҽҪͲ֮䶼ҪʮǧУ
ԱлʿҽվΪĽ⡣
ǰĽǸҽĶѣôô밡
ǰǰϴθ۵ʱҪĽأǲҺĽҲйϵˣ
ЦԼˣűȻҲһ뷨

Ŵҵɫ԰׵غʱ֪ΪκȻ뵽Ľ֮ǰǾ仰
㲻Ҫڡ
ԣַʽô
߸ߵ̧ŲվԭأָŬԼ¶ӡ
Ҳô˵ңҶҽϲǷĵġھĽҽûһȡòҪڡ
֮ǰĽԼĸ˺ζž顣
ζžԣûһ߷ɡ
ŮˣôôҪԼ֮ҪԼĽ֮Ĺϵ
Ǳ⼸չĽ֮Ժǰ;δжƶá
ߣС⻰ԼŰɡĽ࣬ǲ۾ȫһʶǰˣʲôӻؼȥ
Ľ֪ζžַͦ䴽ǣ
ӣ֮ǰһֱ˵Ҫķˣ
ζž۾һ֮ǰΪ˰ĽΧȻĸԸ
Ȼ׹־
ҲҪ°ˣȥǼҲ
ĽƳһЩҵ׹־û˵ϾԼҡ
ζžҲ˵׹־ģͬ£ָɴһ߼ûһ°ȥԷģĸˣŴĽ뿪ȥˡ
ĽԼжҽԺûãúζžԼһ£ҴҵؽҽԺŶԼŭĿӵСһģ
ôô͸˵ˣ㲻ɹġǴǣǣߵ˶ǡһȰ㲻Ҫ̫ҵĻ£Ҹûꡣ
Ľôһ桱ԵĻ֮ˬ뿪
ⷬںζž淢ٷͣԺǡĽ¡⼸֡
Ĳɵظ˻˼ҩƿ֮󣬻ʿ޿̵ظ˼ڣҪúûؼϢ졣
⡣
֪ĽĸҽԺֹٴεģҲ֪Ľ֮ǰҽԺʵϰԶ˵ȥҽԺĽҵĵַû뵽ˣȻҽԺĽĸף
ӭ֮£ֱ
ĸôΪô
࣬ʵûа취˵ڣֻܹҶ
ԹҲûʣʵĽĶϣû룬ž֮ǰĶԹԹ˵һ顣
˼ֲĽ಻ϷŻ£ԭԷôã
ֻ뷨һ־òƽƾʲôԼϲҽǴĽԼж󻹹˾û˵
룬Լ֮ǰҽԺĽ෢Ĳ˵һ顣
ʧɫ
Ľô˵				

295ʬԲƬ

ͷ̾ϢһһΪĽĵģ
ǰԼԼҽв岻ĹϵҲҲҪĻ¡ô붼鲻̫׵Ͼⲻ൱ƭô
ĽȻԼԼһĸ׵ģŮһĸ׵Ĳܺͺһʶ
ҲԼдûаŮ̺õĻĽҲҪ顣
ãԼбҪȥһȦԭĽΪϾͻСúý̵ġ
ֻǣҵңΰ˵Щ֮ΰŭЦ
ɶͷԣΰԲ
۵׷ɿػһĨ֮ɫһҪĽೢڵζ
Ǹͬ־֪Ľ࡭
ΰ˹Ļ
ڿ˵ĽĽ࣬Ľʲôˣϵܺô˵Ľ˴£֤ô
û뵽Լ˵Ȼϣ￴ſϢŭΰֿǱָŵ۾Ŭǿŵͷ
ǰĽ֮ǰҽԺ˶ҡ
ΰЦһ
㲻һССĻʿϵôĽѣҲ֪֮󲻵ֵĽһҵ
ѾЩҵĹؿڡ
룬Ľ㲻ǲǣΪʲôͻ㼵Ư㼵Ǹνҽߵ̫㼵
ǰ˼ֱһħ뷨ȻԷ˸һ
㡭
ʲôңΪһ˺һ¾˵ɵô㵽ڶ֪ԼĽĲô
ָָԼԴ
˵ôֻ࣬ҸңҲ²£Ľһ˵ʲô󲻶ĵŴ̼İɣ
ﱻһֻ۾ţȻְ뿪ĳ嶯
£
̫ˣ
㣬Ϊʲô
ΰȻЦˣЦת˲֮ʧᡣ
ˣ
治֪ʲôʱܳˣĿΰǰĳ͹
ʱɵˣҴҵץ˳·ֲõԤС
Ҳݺݵһĭ

ҪΪ˵仰ģɵΰһֻ۾Լϵʱʶرܾͣⷬ˵ʲô³
ΰؿһ۳Ƶؿڡ
ͬ־ȥúõؽ̹̽ͬ־ʲô˵ʲô˵
Щá
Ľ԰͵εıְɣ
Ľҩ˸оӣıԽᡣ
ڳֱëȻľУ
ĸԷôûԵĻһԵҰûڼңԼҲȥʳó԰ɣ
תͷǱѾϵķţֿΰһ˲ӲͷƤΪ顣
ΰû˵ڳ̧ͷΰʱ򣬲żЦһ
ʵһֱܺ档ĲĴôĽСҲܿģҺСʱûнȻĻһҪһȢȢ

㣬˵ʲôңҿδĸ
ΰüͷ
Ľ໹ûǼô
ҲǣĽһ۶Ҫɣ
ĸ֪ǼĻϣĽĺӣǼңֻһ˶ѡ˵˵ѵôĻΪʲôű˵ĻʤԼŮһ͹ҵǸΪʲôúõٰŮ޸ңĲǴ޿ɾҩڶҵˣôõĻô
ŵŴͶ
㣬㡭
ΰЦŵͷ
ǰ ҡû취˭۸ĽأһϾĽ࣬Ҫһ·ģκԼ
ԼڴͳһǮ˳Ŀڴ
ԼĿڴֿΰΪԷҪǮ
ŭɶ
ΰǮҲûãھȥɳٽҷĶСģҾԲĽ޸Ļˡ
ΰҡҡͷ
˭˵ҸǮģǼͣǼҺȻһǧ顣һǧ飬ҶŲҪǮ֪ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɣǮ㲻ð
˵ΰ۾ԽС
ôһ˲䣬ҲԼ޳ܵǮ
ûСûǮǮҵģԼõġ
ΰЦһ߹ȥ˳ĸ첲
ô˵˲㣬ȥɳ˵գ				

296ô

Ľʱ֪ˮ飬˶ԷһӶѣôѡԼ
νһһ
һˣһƣٰһݹȥ
ΰǸûһϣĽöԷĻֱġ
׹־һ춼ƽҹģᣬҲҽԺҪҽԺͬ¹Էʱ򣬺úøҾһۡ
ζžЩ֣ѯĽࡣ
Ľ൹Ƕٲµһ׹־˵Ҳϲ˵лˡ
ȻҽԺͬǹԷʱ򣬼¶ǣ׹־۾ͨ˵
Ȼ˵ҪƾԲȻ˵ԼǱεġ
ζžĿ࣬ȻŮˣ
Ļں棬׹־գơ
ҵϹˣ һˣǰҵʱҲ˵õĿԡңȻһǮ˵ô˽Ǯ
ĽԱ΢ЦӮˣһŮһҵŮ裬˵׬һʡǰͱˣֻô겻˼ǵλȥô
Ľڷ̣׹־
Ƶҡҡͷ˵
Ľ˶ʱô⻹ίˣ
ζžȴһˬˣԼæȰ˵׹־ҪͿ
׹־ͷ̾Ϣһ
ҪҪŮҲͿֻǣֻǺȻ֣ôˣǸӴٲãô˵Ҳչô꣬չ÷÷ôꡣɽأھȻҪҸϣҪ˼ҵǮ
ζžҲԱߵͷ
ɲôô޸ǸҲûһŮģе㲻˰ɣ
ˣһк
׹־һ䣬ζžصصһ
Ůˣǵİ
ҲŮе㲻ص˼ҵǮ˵ҲҪˣӴ󽭺ô
ֻǣ׹־ӣȴû˵
ҽһⲢҪʹҾۻģڶ˵İɣûУùһùʮô˵Ҳ˵СҲСӵŮ㡣Ӵ󽭶ô룿ֻô
׻˵֮˱пɺ֮˵ľ׹־ˡ
˵Ŀôһ˹شţ棬ŮֺݺݲһţǱˣ˼˵һǵһǣԼ֮󣬻߱ԶԶذЩĵ˦ҪŮеǰ취кԹȴܾ
Ҳǣԭ
ĽǰľˡԼ˰ٶҲȻǸǽİ
Ľÿ˵һ仰׹־ɫͰһ֣Ľ˵ȫ֮ȻѾڴ֮С
Ȼ뵽˵ţﱻݺݵزһʱʹ飬һǱһƺݺݵؾסһʹ顣ӴҽԺʲôѡ񣬿϶վԼߣ֮ǰԴԼݺݵزӴһţֻǰԴԼһصزһš
ƽһֱҪ˵ģϾ˼ҵļ£Ҳȥˡ
־ұ鳤꣬Ҳϴ磬Ҳò˵һ䣬͵ÿ쵶ն顣컹ô
׹־ҡͷ
ҪԺסһô
׹־ٴҡͷ
ǺãҽȥӴͬ־ϲ̸һ̸ҪһЩҪᡣ˵Ҳһ˺㣬ҲôŮķݶϣҲҪл죬ҽ鲻ҪᣬֱһӴͺá
׹־ǰҲû飬ѵʱҲûԼɻڴʱȥˣǲЩѡ
⣬ô
ĽԱ߷˸ۣЦЦ
Ȼ԰ڵˣΪʲôҪлϸһ룬㻹ĵøл˼ңϾ˼ͷѾֳһƬԭ˵մ˼ҵӣŮ˼һɢҲǼңҲû衣
׹־ɫһһףϵͷȥ
ңȥӴ󽭺ú˵
û뵽ǣԼûȥӴ󽭣ӴѾ˵ϢϵҽԺ
ɲɣŮҽԺûµһ磬һҽԺԾӡ
׹־һողŴͼվŮʱɫһ䣬Ҫ뿪ģ뵽ĽЦЦر飬ӲͷƤվԭأ㵱ҽԺ˵˵
棬Լ֪Ľ಻һʮСΪʲôô
Ľ˵ŮҽԺ˹ע飬˵ײϴڲˡ				

297û

ڿЦõؿĽɿ뿪ıӰ̲סתͷԼߵС
ûоĽڲһСģʲôкģЦŭȻ֮ǰʱһֱͬأ
Сһͬеصͷ
ɲǣĽ̫ˣҾñھСﶼҪĶࡣ
ھǼС
뵽ЩԺĺӣһ۾ѾϣΪмĻʲôôܸĽᲢۣ
ԾģѾĽ໮ֵԼߡԼôȻôôá
ϣ뵽һ顣
˵ĽҶôʲôãǮŲҪȨˣˣ֮ǰעΰĶôˣ
СæԼֵڣлص˵һй͵˱Ľ͵͵顣һȻȤ
ҼĽ壬˵ҲĽ·ʱ˴ɽϹԵ֮ɽϾĽүүʦ֮ǰһǳñȽϸߣȽ׳ѣһһ˲šֻʹˣû취ٵˡ
Сæ䡣
ڸ磬ͼʹʿСҲٽ벿ӵġ
ڹȻЪ˼ҪСܼΰǱߣʲôٶĻһҪڱ֤ȫĻϰΰץ鰸
ЩһֱĽ֪࣬ڵĲǷһ޴ʯͷһˡ
ҽԺϣΧˡ
׹־ɲߣȴ˵
죬ѾˣҲѾŮļˡҪŮһ¸Ůֲ֣һЩĿǷѣ㲢ûʲôϵܲܲҪٳҽԺ棿ڿ˵ҵӣɷ򲢲ƽ
û뵽һ򲻻ᷴ˵׹־ô˵ôһô˿ţ֮ǰԼж⣬жǡ
ԼϻǳǼЦһ˲۾ٶȿȷ顣
־ôô˵ң֮ǰѵ˵ҪҺͺãҪ뿪Ǹ˺һž۵ô֮ǰһֱԸģ㲻ͣȥңȥҡϾһշްնҵûжסİ󣬴Ӧ㡣ΪʲôֺȻһңˣҸвУ
ĽĲ²ʵ׹־Ѿ˼ƽϣ˵̲סһ֪ģԾڴЩʲô
ŬӲĳ飬ŮռȻƵģȵѹ׹־һͷ
Ŵҷŭָ׹־ԼվΪ׹־˵û䶼˵ԼôŮ뿪ţ˺׹־ģ׹־Լܹ⣬Ҳ½׹־
˵׹־ôܿˣ񲻹׹־ôԼ½⡣ҲΪĿݴȶݣȴӲ׹־˱λ֮˼ҵΪ
׹־Ļɫ࣬ŭض죬һһ˹ˣѾ첱ӴҲ˶ǣͶվԱɫŮϡ
Ȼܷ꣬ǣܹоóŮҪ׽Լġ֮ǰŮ֮ôܾԼ˵ʲôȻǺԼϤ¡
׹־Ŭϵı顣
÷÷ߴңȥ裬 ΪҪĸȨҪ֮֡ǰǼ㣬һô
ʶؿ÷÷ڿԷϵɫ֮󣬼æ첽߹ȥڴҿĵطݺݵŮĸ첲ڲ࣬ѹҪ˵
Ȼְ֣Ժһ裬޵ʱ򡣡
ǹ˵ģΪŮһͬѧһ裬÷÷֮ǰ˵ͬѧĺررÿڼĸӶһְֻɺ۸
Ȼ˵Щ֮󣬱ҪΪְ˵÷÷ʶҡҡͷ
㣬ûС
ϣΧһը˹һȻ
Ҷ׹־ָָģһ߸ݵվȺм䣬޲ðǸطתȥ
ƽҲ˵߹鿴ȴվ¥ݹսǵĽࡣ
߹ȥ˿Ľ࣬վĽ߿˿׹־Ǳߣ̲ס١һ
Ƕҵãñ˿㣬ȴһĿȻȺеȻ㵣ģΪʲôȥæ				

298ţȸ˹

Ľҡҡͷ
˭˵ҹģǿֶѡ
ƽ۵״Ц⣬ЦеؿĽ࣬۵Ȼ֮ɫ
üװĮȻĮʵҪ־İɣȻĻҲһٶسԷϾԹ־˵ǵȰ˵ܻȲһ֮
ͿˣֻҪĽ࣬Ը˱飬׽һЩȻϧӵеһУҲΪԸĽĵ˻ѹ
Ľص̾ϢһԼӸһ
Ҿǵģʲô취һԼס˰æٶҲȻ
°Ⱥ̧̧۵ײˡ
Űɣֻʹ֮Ż᳤ԡ
ƽ˳Ľ񿴹ȥͼҽԺſһŭѾ˹ɿĲȺֱӰ÷÷Լһקŭص׹־
׵ģҾ㣬ʲôԳҪۺ÷÷
׹־ƿԡ
׹־ڣΪ׹־飬ʱЦһս֡
ô˵ˣ֮ǰһ˾ӣһ˶ҵĹҰ÷÷ȥһߣֶԺбȡ
תͷؿ죬ļ򣬵
ģڣôġ
ҪԼѾ׹־ˣӴôˣ
ⲻҪģҪǣҪ׹־һѾѼǮƱȫˣ֪֪
ʱеˡ
һŭԼһԼ׹־һģϾ׹־ѾţӴ󽭺̫ˡ
ô˵ˮõԼϣֻܴӱĵط֡
󽭣ǣǻǱһˡĹĹܶǻд󱦣û˹ôңô󱦣 ҡ
ԼЦһۿҡҡͷ
ûϵģҲҪһ𣬵Ϊ㣬Ϊ˴󱦣Ϊңҿԡ
һΪίȫģӴһ˺۾Ҳñ˷ŭذһй׹־ϡ
׹־ܲ˼ԭոյжҲֻһѣɱС
еԹԼΪʲôûпŮ˵Ŀûоܾأ
ΧָԽԽأ׹־ɫ԰׵سŴҡͷ֡
ûУûǼٵģǼٵġ˵ٻûȨӴʧȥҲû
Ӵ󽭷ŭָ׹־
ûУ˵ûУǰЩ쵼ҪؼҷʡѵΪôڿ˵ҪҰŮ㡣
׹־һ±ơ
ԱһֱܿһĻĽ̲ס˹һʮСҲߣҲЦеصģƣǶһվӲ޷ӡ
Ľ࣬ô
׹־ԭҪȰ˵Ľ뿪ģֻڿĽϵЦ֮ݺݵشһ˵ˡ
ľ˵Ľһ¶ı飬˵Ҫùˡ
̲סͬĿһ۶ˣвΪǼ˶о
棬ûĽײеˣǾԲᵽַĵľġ
ô㣿֮ǰ˵׹־ûϵôôָıҪŮˣ
켵޵ؿһĽֵ࣬һ׹־Ҫ
׹־ôôҪҲСŮ꣬ţ۲ݣͲıô
׹־Ҫ˵ͱĽסˡ
˵ҪȴĳЩҪˣѵʱѡַɣѡļ֮ڳԣǰ͵ɷǮҪŮԼϵʱ˾֪ǰ޶ԼһҵʱĨڡ
һɷΪǸʱûչ˺㣬ҲһøףŮҪԼʱܵشţ첻Ӧеصز顣ǸмӵģԼôԴԼŮҲǸмλӴͬ־ģǿ˭ϣҲԼŮʳǡҲǸлŮģŮûôչˣ֮Ը⳨
Ľһһٵ˵ţԱߵ׹־ŶˣĽֱ׳棬ȻóԼ˼
÷÷ҲˣԭְôãԭְһֱԼȴ˺˰ְ֣ոջ衭뵽Ҳ̲סˣۡһ˳ֱ׹־ȥ				

299


׹־ĿɿڴĿŮ˽ԼĻ棬һ߿һߺꡣ
ְ֣ҲáոնҵĴҲô˵ġҪͺõģҲǹͷģ˵ģ˵Ҳ˵ĻԺȢ˺裬Ҳá
תľУҶʱ߶˹ı仯
ŵĻǴҵ뷨ԱӴ󽭿ԼԽԽΣյĿ⣬ɫһףݺݵһڿˮŭذ÷÷˹ѵ⡣
ﰡ㾿֪֪Լ˵ʲô
÷÷۾ҡͷ
裬ǲԵģ˰ְֵǮ󱦺ͰְԺô죿ңҰְָϲ㣬
ͷβҲֻҪһѣӲҪҹҽԺ˵Ļʱ䳤ˣְҲϱֻܸһȻһҿžˡǰְֺʹأ󱦾ûˣҰְǰôá
÷÷صؿţ˵ĵģһһְ֣һһְ֣ⲢҰ
ӴֻԼԴˡһһƬհף֮ҵԼ
÷÷˵ģ˼ǮҪ㡭Ҫ˺ã
÷÷ŵͷھĸ״ˣҴش֮ǰôԳĸ׻ԺͰְһأ֮ǰôûأ
󽭣󽭣˵ӵģ ǡ
Ҫ͵ģǰ˶
ٴ£ֻҪһᣬŤתǬֻһΣûˡ
Ľ䴽ǡ
ͣҪôͣǮ㣬ƭ㣬Ů㣬￴Ź㣬һɽһɽߵģ㡣
ʱ׹־ҲӦæŮ˹ޱĿ졣
˵ҴͷβҪľֻŮ
תͷӴ󽭣ĳӴ󽭾һ
ͬ־лչ÷÷ô꣬ԺԸĻ÷÷Ůһ÷÷֮󶼲ı䡣λͬ־ǼȻѾˣ;Բһġ
ӿڴóһǮƱⶼҽԺġ
Ҹлһ˼ȥóԵĺúȵġ
ӴɫӵĿǰԼԭӦԹ޵ˣȴԼô޷Թ޵˼
ʲôأֻǹԼãʱԼߣԼ棬˶ѡ
ӴЦЦЩ˻ȥ÷÷Դ
ˣҵΪЩչ÷÷ģУԶǴ󱦵Ľ㣬Ժʱˣ
÷÷Ҳе㲻õסӴ󽭵ֿ֣Աߵ׹־ӣǷſ֡
ۿӴҪߣ۵׷ɿػһĨ֮ɫæڡ
󽭣ң鲢ġ׹־ˣ֮ǰĹǲǲ㱻
ǲǻ˾н칫Һݺݵһ٣
׹־ҡͷʾ鲻Լģû飬Ҳ
ԱߵĽЦһ
˵ΪĻҵǿԽ͡
Ľ˽йһСʿ
㻹ǵòǵʮܵĲһڳϰģ
Сʿͷ
֪Ǹ˱ԼĲĥ˺þã״ƵĻ˵ϵʲôʱأΪ뿪֮󻹸״һǽҽԼ칫أ
׹־һͷˮ֪˵Ķ˭
ĽЦ
ҽ㿴еĲ˶һ㲢˭ֻǵĲ顣Դ֮
Ϣʱ䣬ʱ䶼ҽԺ棬ҶҲµûλ֪֮ҪҪŮԲġҲµòҲͬ־ڹʲôʧؼҷʡɣ
Ӵ󽭿һǰЦ绨Сص˵ͷ
ǣ
ûڹʲôʧԼѵ֪ôͬʱҲ֪鴫ĻελӲԼڳҲѰ졣
Ľ۵׾âһʵѾӴ󽭾ܾϵ׼
˵ˣֶΣ֮׹־ԼˣԼˣôԼ˳£
Ǹǵȷڵģ׹־ĸмҲǷĵģΪʲô׹־Լ
֮⣬û˭֪Ҳ֪
ӴͨˣҲӦ󡱣ԺҲӦˡ
תͷ죬Ŀⲻνӡ
鲢˵ͬ־˳ҵĹԼ飬λһλᣬҷʡд˼֮ҳȥѧϰһʱ䣬ǶҵΣ㲻
һ仰һ쳹ױѹָɽ£Զ÷
ŵĿӴ󽭣ܵģ
ôӴ֮ǰ˵İ⣿
ٶɻΣûٸˡ
ף롣				

300

˶ɢˣ÷÷ǺӴһˣ˵ҪȥʰһԼĶȻ׹־°֮ȥ
׹־ڽһ׮£ǼǸпֻǵȻص칫֮ͼƽЦЦؿ
㣬ôң
ƵһĬУϵҲ
ƽҡҡͷ
ֻڸп㾿ˣܹôأ
Ժô
ƽЦá
ɵǼٵɵ˵Ľడ㵽ڶ֪Ϊʲôܹ죬ֳɹ˳õŮĸȨô
˵Щ׹־ʮͷһпϵģ
㲻˵ҵǻûҵȷǷĽһлոΪִԵĻһûôѡƽʱҵӣһΪ̫ϲң
ЦЩ󣬵ԱߵƽЦˡ
ϲ㣿ϲΪ㻨ô˼ΪôࣿòΪǸ˾ôһΣôôɾ֪飬ôɺϰô
տʼƽҲû뵽ģֻǵȺԽĥԽ֣˵ʱ׹־ŸոջҽԺ֪ǵЩͼˡ
Ȼ뵽Ľ֮ǰһˣ˵׹־Ƚʺһ̫ĽӰӡ
˵˵ЩĽΪģΪʲô
ڹƺѿˡͬ־ˣҽԺʱҲѾˣ ֮ǰԺҪûס
׹־ԼæߣȥˣŸոճ˰칫ңͱһȺΧϡ
ͬ־ҽǼҲ춯ûʱ䰡Ȼ
ǰǰҽҽô߳ǼҵҲҪ

׹־Щ±ƣ֮ǰЩ˲ǾԼһոջҽ̫ףԸô
ʲô
òףеĲżǵҶѾҲĽˣֱȥԺ칫ҡ
ĽİɣѾˣ
Ժո桭
Ѹո淢˵һ飬ͼԺϸһĨȻ֮ɫ
ú룬Ǹո¥£Ľ඼˵ʲôǵúúøлл飬ˣܾǸǰޣҪŮΪŮúðӴ󽭣һ㣬һϷúõڲ˺ҽԺȦһĺҽǸӰ˼
׹־ŹԺĻЩãȻس˰칫ҡ
ĽΪԼôô
ԼûΪʲô
Ұæһͬ־ԼҲռ˱˵ġ
ԴţнųǹڵһһɹˣҲ˫յ飬ʵá
ʱЩĽ˿ûԼ뿪ֳ֮ʲô飬ʳǰΰ
ˣ
ˣĸҲˣ˳ȥ㸸žһ£ģˣԵͷ̫ࡣ
ĽȻ
ԭֻҪùԵͷѣϾԼô࣬ôڰʱ˷Щϣ
ƫƫȻг顣
ΰĻĽǺݺݵس鴤¡
˵ʲô
ͼƷ֮໥ô
ֱˣ
æˣǵĻǲǿճˣ
Ľһ£֮޲ɵĵͷ
ð֮ǰ㿼ǵôˣ
ڴаǽ֮ǰ鴦á
ȷ֪ģҵ۾಻ɳӣڽ֮ҲҪκŮˣҲҪЩ߰顣ڿ԰ĲκãҲаһ֮ڵ£Ҳվ
øô
Ľٵ˸£صͷ
㵹ǶҵĹࡣ
ΰҡҡͷ
ࡣҲ֪ô㶨ǸеΣʲôĴͬ⳯Ӵʩѹó÷÷׹־ģҲóʲôֶͬѳ޵øӴ󽭡
Ľһڲ衣
㲻Ҫ֪
ΰĽֻ֣ʣµһֻ۾ֱĿĽࡣ
Ҫ֪Խǵ㣬ԽǺ棬֮󣬹͵˸ˣһ˳ĺˣƽ˸ˣһøԶСǴӴ峤ߣùҲˣǼھӣС˾ˣгĺԴСꡣּôˡ
ЦһЩԳҲЩ̡
ǰԼţƣ͡Ͼ˭ַܹӸôǮתͷ֮ҺȻ֣ʵ㵱ǶԵġһȣҵõĶȷʲô治֣ôͣʱҲ᲻룬ڵʶңҵ˹켣ᷢʲôı仯
ĽЩ־㤵ؿΰ
Ҫ
һɱ˷һǿԼǰʹԼһ¡				

301²

ܵĽߣΰЩΡ
㲻ңûбҪƭ㡣ֻڸ㱣֤ǰЩҲˣմ۵㡣
Ǳ˵Ļⷬжһ¡
ΰԵĽ࣬ҪַĻȻˡ
ĽһŮû˭涨ŮӾһһ
һȣæӳ֣ȻֵĶԷһ¿˿ѹСڡ
ҿ˲̫á
÷ΰЦǺǵؼ˲˸Ľ࣬Ե㣬˵˳극ؼҡ
ãҪȥܵܣܲܺһˡ
ΰҲûм֣ҪĽȷһ£ĸ׵顣ĽķӦѾ֪Լʲô̬ȶԴˡ
͹֪ԼҪؼҵʱ򵽵׻Щ᲻ãϾС档
ԼģĽԼȰߣϾٿҪˡ
Ҳûоܾ͸Ľ͸˿ɷĶˣĲ֮ǰõ̫̫࣬ԴƱĽĹ͡
˵ģǼҸֵҩŷӣһһܼһ²ġ
˶࣬Ҳ࣬˺ĳȥϣĽպȥٻ¥˲ٶȥгϹ˹䣬˲ٱƷ֮˳Ӵӻؼҡ
մڼû¶ƽ̫æˣ԰ƼҵӶ˹ڿĽǺȻʱЩȻ顣
Ľ䴽ǣ뵽ΰ˵ƽǴ峤ߣ֮൹Щοѩĺá
үүģң˭Сң˼ҲǶ˵֪ܸĪɣӻͷ𲻻ôǶãǺã˭ⶼ໥ģ֮ǰһΪ׺ŮĹϵǶŰһûбҪԱͷˡ
մֺǺǵصͷ
ãã
СҲȥĽ࣬óԵģĴ㣬ǻǺϲġ
ĽһڣһӵܲͷǣЦ
ǼѾŪܲˡ
㣬ʲôܲᰡ
ᣬᣡ֪ģҰְھ쿪ᡣ
ϸ߸ߵؾ֡
ĽЦǺǵĴȥ棬Լǽ˳
ûãմҲ˹ȥ
Ľ࣬Ǳ߷籨˵Ǹ˵㶫쵽Լա
մ󺣿æĽ࣬ۿ΢졣
һ˽ĴӣһǵĬɻĶӣǼ鷢֮Լֱ⣬û˵ûҲֻװԼչ
ô꿴޶ûкӣ˵ѹǲܵġڵڴʱ´̼ǣ˵
Щ˲޵Ļͻ
¹ģҲֻηηԼһ仰һ֣ͻ̼Է
Ľһ£ȻЦˡ
үүҵĻѾô֤Ūˣ
մϵͷ
ŪˣŪˡǹǸӰæŪģǹ͵Ļ˵һ˻㲻
Ľͷ͹ѾĽ׶ˣ֪ԼãԺǧٱı˶ѡ
ֻǣĽಢ֪ЩɲΪֱ
͸ո°࣬ͼſվһСܲͷдСŮǺг
磬磬ҪؼҳԷ
磬ķ˺úóԡ

۾ǰ߼
ôǽˣ
ѩ÷˰֮ʶߣû߼ͼͳԼ˹ϸһĨЦݣڴҵĴȤ͡
û뵽;Ȼֱӹſڡ
ѩ÷֪һĵܵܣһȺǾ˭ǿ˵Ľ㣬㣬һ룬ֱ׷ȥ
˴磬ܵô֮ǰôû˵ǿ˵Ǹʲô㣬˭ýô
üͷҪѩ÷Ľκ顣
ŮôܸĽᲢۣκһĽ飬ǶĽһ¡
ûдֻͣصͷҪ뿪
ѩ÷ҧҧ꣬ôģôԸ
һ·ϸٹ͵ռң˵˵ЦЦȭͷ
ԹһֱϲԼһֱͣľܾԼĿǲΪŮˣ
ЩӲͣòͣЩʱоиоģɾǲԼÿһֻҪԼʲôԼǱĮ֮Ǽս
ѩ÷֮ǰһֱ֮Ӵƿǰûп۽ķš				

302½Ӷ

Ժſˣ ͬʱתͷ˿˹ȥ
һİŮˣһֵЦݣ̫ȻŬҪװȻԱۡ
üͷתͷһ˲վĹ͡
壬ģ
ɫ˳صͷĽ˵һ֮󣬿첽ȥ
㣬㣬ǸŮǲǹĶ󰡣
淣˿ͺǸŮˣһȻı顣
ĽЦá
ⶼ֪ˣС˾ڿӳԷ
ĽŽйͻԷֿһԱߵѩ÷жѾ˽⡣
λС㣬ԷôҸãһԵ
ð
ã
Ȼͬͬһʱ̳֡
ѩ÷ϵЦݽӲƬ̣æڰ֣˻⡣
ˣлл㡣ǼȻѾˣǸϽȥԷһ£һˣ
תͣ첽ߡ
Ϊͻ׷ģٹͲ׷ԱߵСҲһ׷ģû뵽ԼԶ֮󣬷һ˶ûС
ݺݵĥĥ޲ѡ
ʱĹͺĽѾ˼ҡ
Ľ๴ŴŹͣһҩɾȵģ
壬֪ôֱҲŮѵģ
ͺԥ
ҿԲҪ
ĽηôȴֱУ⣬ͦġ
Ľɫ任룬׿ڽ͡
㲻ҪᣬֻΰŹĶѣ֮ǰ˵ġ
ԲҪᣬιûжģҲûʲôʱ˵ľٶ
Ľ໹ҸͲҪСŮˡ
ΪݶŽļŮ˵ĿֲҲеĴöࡣ
Ľ˵֮ͽ˷䣬ǹͿıӰٳû
ԴӼĽ֮ҲСŮˣŮ飬ҪԼдöࡣ
ֻһٷûԺãˣλǼ˾ˣǳ˳ڿҪĽ˽г
˵ˣֻ˳ͷβû˵һƶĲѡ
ŶʲôˣǼҵ˶ˣ㿴ûҪˣ
ָָߵļˡ
ɫһ䣬ؿڡ
֪˵ʲôΰģôܸĸ͵Ǯ
ĽࡰŶһǵı鲻ϱ仯
ԭ͵ǮҲ֣ϾҪǮȥҰְ֣ǳҲǮռûǮɲ͵Ǯô
ʵһ㣬Ҳ̫ȷϾȷҪȳĲģô˵ôȰʼնûз
͵Ǯһйô֮ǰм˼˵Ů͵Ǹĸûн̺úӣ͵˶Ϊûн̺ô
㡭
˵Ľֻ࣬ҧʾҪĽȥΰú̸̸ΰȥֳߡ
ǣҲԸⰡŴʹˣ Щ鲻̫ǵˣѾռĺӣ϶ûʲôϵңҾöͶĸסһʱҲǿԵģϾҲССҲѧˡ
֮ǰΪĽĸַˣʱĽ˵æԼ۾ʾԺһԹĻְһѧ
ҪҲû뵽ĽྐྵȻôͰ
޿κ֮£ֻܰתմ󺣡
ĲͳĽԼˣĲͳĶӺͶϱܲܰɣ
һ飬ڵմѾǰǸմˡ
ɩӣȻйҵĵЩ֪ͨһˣҲһ˵ġȻǶû飬ǵȹҵ˼ɣ
Щ±ơ
⣬ʲô˼
ô
ȵؿԼһֱĬĳ˳Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ԲܣǸǳ
˳̾ϢһҲ鼬֡
ȻҲһ峤ô˵Ҳеģ龹ȻûһԸæġ
ĿɬؿĽࡣ
Ѿ̶ֳô
Ľ֪֮࣬ǰЩ¶㲻̫ãǳҶԲ㡭
ͷӡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴ˳ֵס
飬Ҳ˼ҪųҪʲô
˳˼ס
Ҫõʲôͱ븶ʲôĽԲϲˡ
ţÿͶ鱾ͺܲѰĽ·ûʲôתء
ĽԼţָָ
үүҪ⹫˵˵ȥú棬ûҵô
軹ЩԼҽ㣬ǿĽı飬ǹԹԵشСȥݡ
ĽЦЦ˽				

303Э̽

ԭҲҪ뿪ģȴĽס˸첲
ͷԼ첲ϵֻֻֻ֣Ǵ˵һֵġ
߻ûлǱĽЦ
壬Ҳˣ°ɣ
ֱ̧Ľࡣ
Сɰ׵СЦӯӯůܡ
񴺼ķ磬ϷԭƽĺȦȦ
ˣ㡭ô
һȣæͷٿҲΪԼĽ˼߳ܡ
ʵôһ˲䣬Ҫ뿪ģȴ֣Լ¾˸һ޷԰Ρ
ΪԼĲ뿪˲ɡ
磬ˣһϵϣССĽ౻۸ô죿
ֱ磬ˣĽ᲻᲻˵ˣԼӣ
ٱ磬ڻϾԼĵܵܣѺӸĽչƺҲ̫ãϾռôຢӣһߡ
Ǻһ߱ԼһڵĽԱߣ䵱Ľػ
˳ݣ
Ľ˵˱ӣˮǴڳԷȴһ·ûС
˳̾Ϣһ֪Ĳйϵˡ
⹫ո˵ҪʲôҶĸųô
Ľȷһ顣
˳ͷ
ǵģֻҪܹһӦ
ǣйضĸأҲĸô
ǣ
ĽҪ֣ϵЦˬһգתóһűֽƬ
ǴӦĻҶĸͻ
̫ʶֽ֣ݸ˳˳
˳ĿɬؿĽ࣬Ƶ̾Ϣһ
Ǻοࣿ
ֽϣдĲͳǵĹϵ
дԺĽչˣȻͳϵ޷ѧϰ֮飬賤֮ḺԼĸĸװԺĺӡ
Щż
ͷӣдʲô
ǰĽﾫﾫģʱ˵ԼŮҪ࿪ж࿪ģҪжһֲܻ̿
⺢ӣϰ˵ɴ䣬಻ɳӣ˵Ļܻһ·ɶԼˣҪǴĸʹĺãһƣͻƷŴ
ԣִҪ޸ΰĸĸԺԥذͽһλ˵óʲôأ
ֻǣ˳˳Ļ֮۾һɿӦ¡
ãͬ⡣
ţ˶ĸô
Ľ࣬㲻Ҫ㾿˭ġ
ĽҲЦˡ
ǰҲǣȻңŲţ
ʱ˵ˣĺˣѾĽˣĽ˺ܹ죬Ľ྿ô쵽ôģ
С컹˵ĽһֱҽԺ
˵Ļ㣬˵ĻӦÿŰɣⶫǷֻкôûлΪʲôҪӦǣҲҪӦңͷ
Ľͷ
ðǹȥֱӸΰ˵˵ģ֪ô¶ˣ
ŭָĽıӡ
Ȼ㣡
Ľҡҡͷ
ڳŻûпôҲգҲգֻܹŮ
˳ؿĽһۣ뿪
Ľ࿴ߵſڣƺֺȻ뵽ʲô
Ŷʵһͦģ˼ҶŮƺŮ̫ˣõԺӵĵزֻΪŮǼΨһһŮô
仰ƽס
˳Ųһ١
ԱߵҲɫһ䣬ݺݵصһʶץס˳˳ĸ첲
˳û˵ ҲûлͷֱӴǵ뿪
ˣĽҲһ׮£̵ؿʼԴ
ǹͣĽĻһЩһζ
ʲôʱΰϵôˣǺˣ֪ġ
ңǲҪ޸Ǹˣ
ĽЩεҡҡͷ
壬ҡңΰעǱߵ鲻ǿԴøһô
֪֪Ǿõġ
Ǹˣ˵ĽԼڶġ
Ľ໹Ҫʲô⴫ʵԱȥûһİͦصġ
˿ĵַһ¸ĸ
ѶȥĽһǰĶˡ
ǡ
մҲ˹һۣصͷ
ջôá
Ľ˰ŵһţһ֮пá
˺ˣײͬ
ǣһô
֪ǿǰĶԸȥԿ				

304ϳ

ϳ
ĽʵϣͳԼĲֲģֻ͸Щ˴Ϊõһ׮׮˺顣
Թ˺ֻ׽ˡ׽ˣٶҲ˺㡣
ǰ̫Ľ࣬Լչβ֪ʲô̼ҪԼķãƫִŤĺãĽƺ̫Ҫ
ôĵˣңҾҪĹһ
ΪԼ⸱壬ҲôЩֻ˳ˮ۶ѣܹѧĸһĻĽ಻ԺǺһ㡣
Ҵһ޺
Ľûȥˮ򣬲Ҳӹ͵Ŀ֪˳
ͷŵľ̶ʱ䣬ʮһ֮ǰΰ˵ĸһѵĽе㲻ȷѵС
Ҳûڼ̫ʱ䣬ʱѾڲ֪֮˰Ѯ֪ԶĹڽʲôıҲ֪δᷢչʲôӣҪǼ֮ǰе鶼á
ԣմ˵һԼһȥ񻧿ϵİ裬ȼˡ
ֻǣ˻֮󣬲ŷ˼Ҵҵ׷˹ŵ˿١
壬ǸҪһȥô㻹Ҫϰడ
ҡҡͷֻǰѶһԶضϣ϶Ľһ·Ҫעⰲȫơ
Ͼǵһμǡ˵Ǳɽˮܶණ̫áҲõⶫ̫òȥҸһ˻һԱϵã
Եʱæġ
ĽЩ죬ʲôʱϵйϵˣ
ҪˣҲ˵ֶ̫࣬һ֮ŽŲҴҵ˻𳵡
СɣãŮҲ̸һ󣬸һľͷһ˵һ¶һ£˵Ͳ
ͣ
ĽЦãѾǵһ˰ѹ͵ԼˣҲûзϣϾ˵Թ˵ǴŶǱ˴˵ˡ
ǵġǲҶֻ壬һ˳ԶţԼ̫ģе¶ѡ
۾һʼѯĽڹ͵顣
ŮѾ˵˶󣬵ǶŮû˵СӵĻҲӦòϸ
ܹͳԱйϵ˵ܶ͡ԼֶŮôãԺҲһԼϱá
볤࣬ŨüۣȻеֻظɲ࣬ɳÿߴദҲаȫУ̫ˡ
ĽȻ᲻֪˼ҲΪĹֱ̫жȢϱҲ˳ˮ۵˵һЩڹ͵顣
ǴԭĽ˵û˸ĸЩԥ˵ģһǳ۾̸ֹ֮ĽҲ˼֡
ԼƻĽԣԼ֮ǰõļĽ࣬ӴаĽ൱Լ˵˼
Ľίؾܾˣȱ˭ҶԣƻһҪöǮ
ĲáԼ˳ԵģҲ
ģ
ɲĽô˵ԷɾĽڿӲķҪڴ
Ľ֮£ֻܰԼ򿪣Լ֮ǰ׼õĸ˳
ΪֻԼҲûдģֻǰѺϴɾƬӹӣΪ͵ԵʣƽƵģʳټĽֽţڱºóȵġ
ȻҲǲȱģûóѡ
СֻԺҲǣȥգ󲿷˼涼˲ٺɣ
ŵһ֮ǰĽĴŴ绹ĽȽϺãһƣԾ˲١
ɶѾĽ൱Լ˵Ĵ￴ȥˣЦһЦЦؿǸСӡ
ǰ˭涼СͰɲ
˭ôõġ
Ҳ֪׹󣬴ԼǾ³ģҲϸģĽóЩƬ֮;ۣۡ
ʱǼͶҲôðƬѣڷôʵҲͦóԵģųҲ
˵Ҷûʶǵ֮󣬴תͷĽ߿˹
ĽҪ͵ˣԭֻҪƣԼͱһѣû뵽۾ô
Ǹʵһֵ̫ͣǮġ
ո˵С϶ʱ¶мı飬ǶĴҡҡͷ
˵ͣҲҪ硣ǰɣĻζģһŵ͵ζҪ㼸֣ԼǶ
ɣ
ĽðɣԶ˺ö֮ȻȻʳЩȷܺóԣЩȴһڵĺͻֱúζζۿۡ
û˵Ͼ⣬СĽǱġ
ûãһųԱƷЦǺǵ߹Ľһۡ
Сǹ֮ǰ˵ǸֶŮɣ				

305


Ľ۵׻ûзɾ裬ϵķʵ̫ˣЦеӦһ
ԷǸԱҲ˲ˡ
ǼĽ۵׵ľʱжһЦ⡣
ùΪֶŮǰ쿪ʼͲͣظͶȾƣСҪչ˵ģ
û£û£Ҿ㣬ҾǰǸС¶ĻҰ
ĽЦŵл
Էӻ֡
ʲô¶ϾΪչ㣬ǼҿһȦһȦõĶˣ
һС˵ЩˣǵҰ
ĽĿ뿪Ժлո˵һĻ
õĶ
Ʋٰɣ
Ȼˣôôƽ׽ˣôô׽
ĽλϣûʲôҪԷæģԼˣ;ϸҲεġ
Էô飬絽ײӶ ǳԷʱǴһԵġóĽøвûйͶࡣ
ĽԼҵ˵Ĳ࣬Ҳû˵͵ʲô飬ټ֮ǰ˵ʲôͲ͵ģѾٰԼóˡ
Ͼ̫ۣҪ鷳
粢֪㹻˶
һСͥȻʶһԱϵЩŻԱǡ
ҹʱֵʱ򣬴˯㣬Ľһ˻ͻȻߴˡ
ĽһӲãܼѵز˯˹ȥȴ˯òȣڶ漸˽ʱѾ۾
ۿżԼߵ۴âüͷ塣
ոҪͱһָֻץס
ǶĴ
ԷѹԼᱻ֡
ӣҪȥû˾ûˣ
ĽҲǵһˣȻû
ڣʱеġ
û˵ֻȻڶԷעʱ򣬰Լ֮ǰѾ˼˵Ĳ
ڰһƬֻнǵ¹ǹܹΧһС
æŰᶫֻòֻһ£Ҳû̫档
ȴڿͻأվԱߵĽ֮һ
磬ˣ
ҪҪ
˴Σҽô˵кöǸ˲˵ôǮ

˵˿ûбܻˣе˼
Ҳ£ôվǰţš
ӴС椣㲻ô
һתͷĽǺ۾ЩЦ
Ľҡҡͷ
λ壬ҾøúµģӦǲŶԡŶ˵ҩҪһʱЧڣˣ
һ䣬ǰļѾ顱̵ز
϶ѡ
һԼµˣһָһһسԼƽæ߸ߵ̧ͷ
СᣬⶼһᡣǲǹҪ͵㶫ģиеģԼʮ꣬רŹǣ˵Ǯкܶöˡ˵λá
Ľ֮ǰ뷨Ͼ
ȺõģԼҲӦüǵŶԡ
ڣûС
ðұ֮Эҡ
Ľ໰δ䣬;ԼһϮʶرܿһ磬һһ˰Ѿ
㣡
žȻмȻ
˲Ǳˣ֮ǰмسС
ϴ󿴵һĻ˵¶Ҫ뿪ȴĽһԼһ˶Էĸ첲ϡ
ϴƤ񣬸û뵽ôһ˦Ľ֮󣬿첽뿪׼һ³
ŵСﱻһȺ˸Χסˡ
ߣҿ治ʲôö֮ǰŮƯͣظ׽ޣƷˣ ҲŮ޸ֻɫġ
Ҳŭ
СҲ
ޣϲģΪϡŮƯҪ޸ҵŮ˶ǣԼ϶ѡ˵㲻ǿ˼ǮԹֺ˼ֶŮôΪԼʲôö

˶ʱŭΪʲôȥС͵͵ԼĶΪʲôһʼͶԼȴԭﻹôһⰡ
Ƶ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
˿֮Լȥǰ֮ǰĳԱոա
ո˵˻ȥ͵Ľ࣬Ҫ
Լ֮ǰȥĽǱתһȦҲһЩСǲһ۾
ɵȥŵļˣϸмسΧЦЦлǰĽһѡ
ֻǣ⻰˵֮󣬴ҵı鶼Щ֡
ͬ־˲Ƿŵġ
ǰǰҲֻǰץСӶѡ

Ǹڴϲлֱ˵
СԼҶûпôŪġ⼸˾Ѿ				

306ͬ

ոû뵽ȻĽԼŪģ֮Ȼ֣Էһ
ɫ䣬ԥǲҪȥЩ˻ûкʱ򣬾ԱߴĽ൭
壬ҩҩЧʱһСʱУǻһˣոˣ
İѸոշո˵һ飬ոŰ߿򱻴ҳţϲ˵ˡ
ģ֪֪ʲôΪŰС͵ͬǸոˣɲξܽġԣʵ˵Ǹ˾˭ʶǵģ
˳һټոյĺƣ˺µҡҡͷ
ҲʲôͬҲǸողʶǰҲû˰ֻǣֻҪǸСһѵѡ˵治Ǯô͵ߵ㶫ôˣ
ĽЦһ
ҼǮӦñ͵˼ǣϴ·û·Ϳȥ·ǲǣҪˣ㻹ĺúõģǲҪһµ
ҪģתͷȻĽ֮󣬺ݺݵشһɪ˵ˡ
ڶĽߵһ̣ƺִ̹ǵ˳Žźһֱӵȫ
ˣҿҲ֪ڣʵʵظߡ
ȥȻҪȥǸ˵ˡ
˷Ҫ˵Լʶ
ҲֻǼһ˶ѣĲ֪˭
ոմһɫƵʱĽȴȻ˵Լʶ
ԲмЦһĽں˵˵
ʶոպڵϹģΪԼʲô۶
ĽûոգʾԼڶԷߵʱԷһ룬ӦѾˡ
ոһϵͷ
͸Լͬ£ֺʾһ£ôԼƱΪˡ
ֻǣһһڳᶼȥˣûмˡ
ոտĽࡣ
ǲŪˣȷһôǸҩЧһСʱô᲻ãε
Ľҡҡͷ
ᣡҩרģһһСʱд
֮ǰŪ˲Сӣ˺þá
һ¡
ҲųᣬãŲӵñȽԶ
˵ŻĽȻĿһ
ող˳Ľ߿˹ȥͬʱֵͲĹҲ˹ȥ
ǱһԷź˯㡣
ôˣ⣿
Ȼ⣬ôĶ˶ѾˣȴֻһԷ޴ź˯˵治֡
Ľûпѹͣպ㹻Ǳߵ
Ȼһ䣬Ǳ߱źӵŮѾ۾
ĺҲʼ
ոɫ˹ȥҪǳʾһԼ֤лƱ
ŮϲţĿι˺ӡ
ðιš
ոռȻŮˣȻûҪߵ˼
Ůһȣŭĵһոա
λͬ־ʲô˼Ҫιӳ̣վţʲô
ΧҲ˹ʱ׷״Ȥ
Ľ൹üͷЦؿŶԷ
Ҿãǲߣ⺢ӵĿͲͣ˰ɣι̣ȷô
Ů˱һ䣬漴ϷͷؿԼĺӡ
Сﻹûнɣڿǳ̵̳ģҲ֪ߡ˵ûн飬ô֪ụ̂
ΪԼȤ֮ĽͻСһߵ뿪ĽûС
Ȼûн飬һҽӲİɣϾȷʵһӵӡУǵˣźӾͿˡǲӦûɣ㻳ĺʲôֹߺӶѾ޳ߵ˻û
Ľ˵ʵ٣ҽģûҲģʲôϿ֮ģһӶѡ
ȻŮĽ˵ԼҽѾ㹻ʧ룬û仰ڣҡҡͷ
˭˵ûӣ⺢Ӿҵģʮ»̥ġ
Ľȴƶ
ôܴܲ㺢ӵİ㺢ӵûϵĺۼҾ⺢ġ
ŮôܻѺӵİ򿪣Ͼոպݺݵһ£˵ϵȷкۼأ
ؼǣߵ˾Ѳ
ȻˣһһѵͨһźӸĽǹ¡
ͬ־˵ûӲҵġ˵ģϱӵʱѪˣԼźӣǼ˲ԸҺһ𡣿ҺϲҾ͵͵֤֤͵ܳˡǣ֪ôѲˡ				

307һ

ĽഽһĨЦ
á
Ҫأ
ԱߵոտǰʹŮˣԼʹ
ԱΧ۵˴ʱҲ˵һǰ޵Ĳ԰εŮˣôһͬϧﻰ⣬Ҳȫǰο֮ʡ
ллǣллϻǺ˶ࡣ
Ůʵرźӣ۾ͨصͷҵл
ĽഽǵЦݵ˼֡
Ϻ˶࣬Ǿǻˣ
ϧɲҪأ
壬ҿСҲȷͦġĺӻСߵҲԲˡһҪ
û뵽ĽྐྵȻȻ˵ողسĽ࿴˹ȥ֪СҪ
ԱΧ۵˴ʱҲ£һͷ絷رʾҪæ
Ŵôֵ˵ҪΰԼŮʱ
ô죿ô죿
Ϊݵˣ עȴһһ£Ϣģ޷ġ
ģһֲõԤУԲܴô˵һҧԼҪæ
ллǣһ·ܵĶ̫ˡûϵģɷģһġ
Ľ̲סЦŮˣںһǿð˹С˵еģ̫ˡ
С㲻õĵġһ׸ôô˻󴬣ĺӻôСزģɷҲѲԺô壬ǰСһȥһվɳɣһæġ
ող֪ĽҪŶԷͷ
ԡ
һ˵ɳ֣Ůɫ˲һףҪ˵ͼԱߵٿȻ۾۾һæ˹ȥ
֣ˣˣ
ողؿһĽ࣬ɵɻ
ˣĽ˵Ǹˣ
˵ȷˣǲŮô˹ȥôǲ˵
ĽŮ˵ļ˿һ£ԼԼСóһССĴƿ򿪸˻ΣǴ͵ʱһɡ
㣬˭
ĽЦеҡҡͷָָԱ۰Ͱ˵Ůˡ
壬㲻ù˭֪ߵŮ˭ô
˵ͷ

Ѿ϶飬ǲ֪Ϊʲô˵֮󣬴һ
沢ôһǻˡ
ĺأ
ǡ
˵ϴһĨ֮ɫǿ˿ڡ
͵ġ
Χ̲סһ
͵ģ
ոʶذĽԼקק
λͬ־˵һ飬ΪŮͬ־ĺӣĶģ
ǣ͵ġһ˻֮Ҫ
˵ϸһĨЦ⣬ǴһͣȻʱЩ֡
Ҫ˵ǡǵģǰ޵ĺӣԼġ쵰Ѱ
ԱߵŮ˴ӸտʼĴ͵ľʧ룬źӺݺݵĴ˵ȴ޹ؼҡͷ
ûǰޣҵһȢֵˣ㡭
ʱѾ࣬ĽʼŮ˵ĻɣҸոնжͬ飬Ͷжʹޡ
Ů˼˻ੲݵ˵ʶš⡱ɫˢ׵ر˺ӣҪ͵͵ߣȴҷɿסȥ·
ոտһλ̡Լˣ֮ĽոóСƿйأϾܹóŵô˵ġҩĽԼҪĶࡣ
壬ԭһ͵԰ӣȴ˹˿ڰӣҪ鷳ˡ
ոմʱѾǸŮץ֣ԳĽͷ
õģµһվҪһˡ
Ľ룬ּæ͡
ʵҲûʲôžȥɳһ¼֮ġ
ĽûоܾɳʱԼ֤ʡ
ǺѣҪҰְʱչҡĺһǸ˾֪ԷǺˣҪעһǸĴ˼˹͵ҵĶңǱһˡ۽һֻһ۾ͷһԷ޵ĲԾ˲Ҫ͵ԣһһ˿ڵˡ
ոһĽԼģԼûʲôϵ
Ľ۾ոһ԰ꡱ
ոεҡҡͷԼ³Ľ뷨ҪѹԼƣǾû֤ɻм͵ԷҲṩ֤ʵġ
ովȵ黹ں棬Ǽ˲֪ʲôаȻ˵ĽһģһΨһ֤ͬǸźӵŮˣڴ֤ͬ£֤ʲΪš
ոԼҲһݱ¼˳Ľʱֻҵһֽ
壬ллϵİףǰƽ
ոһ˲ǰ룬ƺԼûôæ				

308²


ոõֽʱĽѾȥǹţ
·᫿Ľųӵİڶһ߶һ߶ġ
ŮҸ˵Ǻǹɽ棬ɽǺõطɽɽɽˮǼ궼ҪˣǺǹû
ĽŸϳĴүؿԼҹ磬ЦӦ͡
Ů˵ģɶ
Ľһ£֮Ц˵غͲ֡
ӴˡסǸڣôˣզڲﰡ㲻֪յʱѡ
Ľү˵ĿԱߵغͲոյٵ
ɲô
ΪĲԼĲ뿪ģȴǣΪĲĹϵû˺ӣҲһֻ۱һֻۣ£ٳĬԣТ˳ǳҲɣ
֪һڼʱԼǴ뿪˼ߵʱһǮûСĽ룬ԼԼǸ׶λ᲻᰾Ͼһӵļ䣬غͲȴʲôᣬʲôܶûУﵱӣ廹á
ţͷĻĽһһǹܡ
ȵ˺ϼʱǰĺǹԼԼĳĽǰ
Ľ˽ԼץŰ֣¾ô飬Լƽ
ĸĸû취ѡ񣬿һԡĸԼѡġ
ţ壬ˣӴŵݣŮÿ濡
Ӵţ壬ˣ

ţһӦ͹תͷЦǺǵĸĽ࿪ڡ
Ů㿴ǰǸûУǾסķӡⷿڿʱǸʱ򣬵©磬£С¡ԼһһŪġ
Ľ䴽ǣû˵ֻǱɽš
ٽţţǵˡ
ţ飬ţͣ˼ǰһĳذĽ
ĽЦһԭҪһѵģţûиᡣ
أǼҹŮˣ
˸ţĻһ£˺һһţҲ˲ԼŵĶɿԼϵ·ͷڰߡ
ĽţʵĽҪŵöࡣ
ԭӳʱǼһĨЦݵģɵǸſڽĸӸСʱ˸۾ҲϣŲ
⣬Ľࣿ
ЩӣŻ˯ţڲ뵱ǸͲֺС񳤳ʲôӡ
ɩòҲĽӦøǹÿĹɣ
һеҪõĶࡣ
ţŲǺ˵۾뵽ôҲûд޿Ůʲô飬ʲô飬԰Ѱ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ
ԺֻʣĽͲ
ĽԭǽŵģǿűƺŵĲȻЦˡ

ඥһ㣬˹صءһ۾̨ףץĽ־Ҫ
ĽĽ࣬ƻԴ桭
ĽϣŮȥҴҵİԼĶᡣ
ûһѾ˶ƻ棬ɽ
ѣָԼٲֹĻ»ѼĶڳ
ס˻ҪȡŮˡ
ôණˣθ󣬳Բôġ
Ľ֣ҡҡͷ
û£ӵŶҪ֮ͿʼЩܶģ˵ĻһٳԵ油һͷóԵġ
ĽûֱԼܳԵģúóԵĶó֮Ű֡
ĽҪ˵ͼһĴȡ
ôˣǰڴһ޻˵ӣȥ޻ĵضȡˣ
첽ߣ˵ȥء
Ľ࿴ŲıӰϵЦ˼֣ƺԼУ׽һ
һŨŨĽζӳ˹ĽҲ˲ˣ˳
߷ȴһĴʰͦ롣
ȥһ۹ѾС׷üͷʼ
ڴصģżæŵקס˵䣬Ľڼҵ˵һ顣
Щ֡
㲻һֱҪôôһ˷żˣ
ȡ
ңе㲻֪ҪôӴ
Ľ౾û˵ʲôô궼ڴĽôһεСôãǺӺǲһˡ
ǾãˣĽʲ				

309º


˲Ļüͷ壬Ȼ뵽ԼСõɡ
ǴӼ֮󣬼ֻСúĽӣĽոСãѧΪֹҲ֣ǵֻӵĵ籨濴˹Ľ֮ʡ
شʱǵΪƺЩ̫׵ϾôûӣȻԼĺӣڵô˵֮Ǹû롣
룬ڵеŮٵҲǺõİɣϾСͼôԴСãСʲôǶһ໤ġ
˳飬֮ǰȸԾһӵ˹ȵס
ֻǵ˵֮󣬷澹ȻûˣԥҪҪȥҵʱ򣬾Լϱһ
ҵ
ȵ𼱻ǵؽ˳֮󣬾ͼĽвˣˣЦЦ
ոյ׷ˣҰһݣû¶ɣ
ʶҡҡͷ
ڳæĽ࣬һʵУոյĲȷһ˲ʧ
Щ˵߹ȥסĽĸ첲
Ľ࣬ɣһɱһֻҸȡ
Ľܿ˲֣Цҡҡͷ
㲻˵ޱôһûףȥװɣҲɱˣ̫ˡ
Ľû˵ԣֻ˵̫ɱˡ
Ͼǵһ⡣
ˬӦ
ǣոհޱڴϵתͼԼ
ϱЦеش˽
ôˣ
Цеذڰ֡
ûɶûɶأȥĽһ±ס
ָָݣԼϱֺǺǵģɻسţǾͼڳĽࡣ
Ľ൹ûأ档
ҲǵһμĽ࣬ȷԼϱ˵ͷںͷһβƤܰףûɹ̫ʱһɫ޲·Ǵ·һͦÿġ
Ľ⣬ˣ滹һ鶹糴һ̶磬ܿϧҲֻôһ˶ѡ
ƺĽڴһ֮ſѡ
źһ˵أȥ
ĽȻתͷͼվŵˣӲ̫ߣһǱ̫ɹĹͭɫͷм·ؼøĲе
ԣ

ظոմĽһ¶뷨һ¶ĽһУƽĺȦȦ
ţ
˿Ľһۣͷת뿪
΢ĵĽŲ˿ڵ
Ľ䴽ǣ˵λǸľګӣƺû
ǳ嶯֮뿪ļңûضȥֻȥ˸ڡ
ţ뵽ǷƺĶҲ̫ãֻܵ˴һô
£һϴҺܾ
ĽûʱǺĽҲһԼĺӣǵȵ˹֮ŷʵʵġ
е㣬û취
ʼ˵֪ҪκĽཻȻ
Ҳ֪ͬ
ͷһӣӵĶ԰Ǹʵľ룬ֻؼ˼ֵͲһһͷ˺Ӷ԰
Ľʱս˷챻ӵĲȥ˺ԺĲ˵أʲô˶УһִƯ
ĽժӣмƹϺཷŻȥ
Ӹոժ˵ʱѾĽ˼䣬⺢ӹԽԽԼ񵽱ˣ֮룬־ԼҶɩˣôõĺӣΪʲôҪأ
֮ҪæĽܾˡ
õġ
һ䡰òԼһ˼ŴһĿ
û£Ҿ￴Ҳæ
ЦеؿĽ࣬ϵıҪж㡣
ԭΪĽ˲ԼΪԼ̫ˣĵ뵽һԷʱҪһԼ˲Ҫӡ
񿴵ĽĶĿ࣬ҪɴĶࡣ
һ֮ͶҲıˡ
Ľ࣬ʱͦ۵ģʵðƤҲԳԵġ
Ľ࣬ŪǸﰡ಻Ѿô
Ľ࡭

Ľûвͷһһػش𣬺ģϸ¡
ǣȵץһӵĶ֮󣬾ͼϸϸ˵
רſפƬ̣۾гദŮͬ־ǵЦԽԽԽԽ
Ľոʢ˲ˣתͷöصߡ
ظɿһ߽˳ԼĴӽ⿪ױһش򿪣Ľ࿴
һһ£㵱ʳԡ
ĽͷһƣȫǶ֪˺зɿػһĨϲ֮ɫҪͷͼԱߵĲһŵذеĴקˡ
ﰡ治ôԵĶôĽ࣬˵֪˺ܳԵģҲһҪԵġ
Ľ⺢ֲȥӦǣҲŵ
Ľࡣ				

310½

Ľ൹һϲ
ûµġﲻĻȻҿԼǰҪԣȴûлᡣ
Ľû˵ٻǰڳңȻҲǴӣǸǳƬأֶࡣ
Ľô˵¶һĨЦݣǺһЦ
ҪԵĻȥץǡ
Ľ˵ͷùеĴӣȡѶȥָǺøӣȵڶٳԣʱǲŸɾڵĶ
ǰԼģֶȻ٣Ҽ۸ףҲΪԼⶫҲмԡЩôܲϲ
ĽΪ˰οǣһ
֮ǰĽӡʱҲ˱仯
ʱʲôӵֻǾĽǲֻ࣬ǳƯһѡ
ϻ˵һһҼвˣҸвˣַǳ
ˣȥȡԼصľƣԼһ̵ġ
Ľ࿴ƿƣȻ뵽֮ǰԼЩɽѣ۾һ
ɽϵɽѶô
صͷ
ϲǸǵȹæ֮ȥժúܣǶȽᣬö˲ԣҲЩСϲһ
Ľ۾һرʾʱҪһɽ
صͷû˵Ѿ⵽ʱһҪ÷
ʱûʲô֣Ҳ޷³˵˵ǰ˵˵Ժֻȥ˭Ҵţļҳ
ţ֪ؼˣϳԹ֮Цеؽ滹һƿƣ󻹸Լźͼ漸ϱŮ
ھӵģʶҲϤＱæ˽
ţ忴ϵĲЩ˼Ҳû뵽˻û
໥һ£ţҪ뿪ʱ򣬱Ľס
ţү³Եɣ
ţϱ汧ŵĺӵԴҲЦ
첻ţҹôණ˵ҪôΪأ
ţԣҲûн飬һЦɻѯĽ澿ŵʲô
üһǿһСҶŵשͷͦġ
ĽԼŵʲôԼɹ͸Ǹŵʲôû׶
ҲûɶǸһѡ
ЩжЩ˼
⺢ӣˣʲôҲˣӹˣɶС
Ľ൭Ц
ˣҲô
ǲиˣĽ࿴ػҪţһæӵӳˣҪæĲԼ˳
ǼҹŮÿ
ǰǰ껭һͲġ
úÿܸТ˳ƣˢ붼

ոĽڣҲ˵Ľ뿪֮һ˵
Ǻû
ԼҵŮˣ˿ŮͲأ
˴˵֮󣬼æ佱
ǰǰ⺢Ӿвסӽû³ɹˡҲóԣˣѧҽģҽܺõġ
ԼҵĺԼۣԼҵĺԼ䡣
䣬ôûӣòһŮȻ졣
Ա˵غţԱߺȾơ
ãţûһҲ˹
ĽûʱЩĵҪȥ˻ûͼĽֶ˼ӽ
һըףһǳʣǿյġ
ڴɻʱĽӽ˷䣬ûһͶ˳ɶ
үûʲô¾Ʋˣʱ˵ɶģ˿Գԣ㣬Ҳܽųԡ
ɶǷŽ͹ըըģԱܾãˮ㣬㣬ȻóԵĺܡ
ţտʼеΣϾ˭ҴҲףֻԻ׺ͼӸһԼˣõĶ󷽵һԡ
Ľȷ˵滹в٣ŷſˡ
Ľ࣬ⶫóԣҪô
ţȻ˺Ҫʡ
ĽҲûذѲ˵һ飬ǴҶĬˣ˵滨ѵĴϣЩӵĹ򣬾㹻Դۡ
ң󲿷ֶǷ⣬˭ȥ⣿УɶҪ͹ը飬ɵ÷϶Ͱ
ǲûɶԣ͸
ǵɶˣ͵͵شյĽĶߣڡ
Ľۣ࣬Ȼͷȥ򼸽⣬һ˳ԡ
Ľ˵Լûۣɵȿϵı֮Цеصͷ
ãһһԡ				

311¹

Ů㣬ŮҪ ͸뵽ԼһĽڳ˵ĳ̲סҲЦеصͷ
ãһһԡ
Ա̵ͬأЩʣ˾Ʊͣϣ¡
󣬲غˣţҲȵġ
ɫ磬ĽͲ֮Ű˴
ֻǣȵҪ˯ʱ򣬲ŷ֣Լ֮ǰĽıӻһ
ûеƣǰǶú͵ƣĽڣ˺ĵ򣬰ҹʼĽӣһĽæ
Ľû취ֻԼȥʰԼĴ󲿷ֶһЩԵĶһЩ·Ʒʲôģǵ˹͸İ֮󣬳һ
ţ˵װשͷĶ࣬СëӦоС
ǰĽӡ
ǵԼİɣԼ涼ûأôô󷽣
ٿĶĽĬĬعһǮ
ⶫһҲùµĹʡ
Ľֺ֪δĸģֻҪκ͹˵һԺһǮ顣
ͲСҪ飬֮Ҫޡ
ĽȻ뵽ǰһС˻黳֮ɷڼɺûнʱһȥͳԷôһʣͲӵġ
ԼҪΪͶģȻԺӿҪô
ȵﱧޱĽ֮󣬾ͷĽĴϰ˶Ӿ͸ûطɷš
Ľ࣬ǡ
˵ʵ￴ϵһѶʱʶķӦĽԼļҰˡ
ĽεЦЦǰԼʱĶ˹
Ҹ͵·ЬôãҲûЬӻĺáЩǳԵģԼڼʱġЩ
ĽָһЩΡ
ⶫһġ
壿ʲô壿Сô
ԭ²룬ϾԼ֮⣬ûм˭Щ
Ҳ߯ˣ
С壬ֻһϵرõھ塣ϻ𳵻ѹңȻҵĶƶҪС͵͵ˣ
û뵽ĽྐྵȻЩһ
ĽȷԼû£Լ֤ԺһúչԼʱ򣬲źݺݵһ
һ̨ʱһֺݺݵ
Ľ࣬Ǹ塭
Ľ࿴ЩֵĲ
ôˣ
ǸͰòǺǸ̸ɣ
֪ԼһμĽ˵ЩЩ֣ǰɣЩľս
Сģ˵Щ˿Ľ̫ãڵջС
Ľû뵽һԷȻǺԼ̸̲סҡҡͷ˵Ҳһ̽
ǵģҺ͹岻ӣҹҲᣬʮһɣѾСˣ ̸˰
ʱķɹ涨ŮʮͿԽġ
Ľ˵ͲǶ󣬲һĽһλסĽֱ֣
㻹Сż˵ŸոռǣﻹҪꡣȻкöĻҲ̸̸ҪǵãһҪԼУӲֻͥÿԷƷԷļͥŮһӺѵģûһɷڱ㣬ҪӦ֮СС£
ĽЩдĿŲû뵽ﾹȻ˵
ֱͳȻͬİ汾
ãġ
˵֮ĽֳŲＷ۾
޸ǲһˣ
ϵģȻҲĽͷĽ˵˺ܶܶԼؾ飬ϣַʽĽôˡ
˲һĽֻһо
꣬㣡
һûסĽǰļ䣬ԭ˼ͱĳ죬ԺͲｻ˳ڱȺ˹ͨҪõöࡣ
Ҳþȣû뵽Լ˵ĺܶ飬Ľ಻ûᷳһһһܹԼ˵ô࣬Ūһҹһ
Ҫ˯ʱ򣬲ﻹǶĽࡣ
Ǹ͵ĶﲻҪͷߵʱϻ𳵣Ѷȥ
ⶫҪģҺ͹塭
ĽһеĸԸ
㲻Ҫңһôһ뷨Ӳģֶ̣˼ҵĶ˼ҽʱ򣬾ͻֱ׳
ĽԴ
ûʲôﲻ̫ࡣģԲȵġⶫԺʲô㲻ҪܵҪҲֱ׳˵				

312С

С
Ľܸ֮ӡ
Աһ²ͣشΪԼΰȡĳǰĲ·衣
Һ͹
ѹͺԼʶ˵һ飬̲סЦ
Ҷڣϵϣٵ٣ǹģүү֪ô治֪ô˵ҺүүʦҪɽϡǷ˹ģѾˡﵣĵԶᷢ岻ǻǿҵˣңǶѶԷˡ
ʵĽ˵ǸʿĺʱʵѾҡˣĽ˵ô࣬Թ͵ĺøѾ˲١
ûɿ˵Щֻ˵ȵ֮Ҫغú̸̸
˸˯
Ľű˯ú㣬ǲ˷䣬Ϳڴ̵߳ء
룬׹
Ľո˵Ļˣ
ص˵ͷֵ顣
š
ô룿
еڣǵӦôسġǣ£ֶԲס㡣
飬ɩ뿪˼һװƵģôܲԹޣ£Ų뿪ǱȻġ
Ҳû뵽ôĲá
ʵҲ뵽ģֻΪһ
ԹԸȥѡ
ԸĻԺǿ԰ѵӹһסûйϵģε˿ڣҲҵĽĺӡ
ᵽĽ࣬ҲڴһĨЦ⡣
⺢ӱеҪõĶĶࡣ
ȷռ˱ˡ
ز˵ﵹ£ЦеذĽոոԼĶ˳
Ů˵·㻻ƿ
Ҳûн飬ֱ·Ľ·һʽɽװǺɽװһģ֮󣬿Ǿ
ֱͷ
ãĽ۹ÿ
ҲߴŲȥ·
Щʵ·ոĽ
ǰѾһˣǻֲĲһ飬һȹӣܺÿÿڿ֮߹ȥֱӰ˱˻
ҪĽ໹ڸ˯
ûϵģѾ˯ˡֻҪ㲻˵ġ
˵ʱѾˡ
￴ǰˣ뵽ԼոպĽ˵飬Ҳ鶯۾ҧŴ꣬ư͵Ӧ
ڷʲô飬Ľ֪˯ûڵء
ȵڶ֮󣬾ͷֶѾûˡ
𴲣ͼϷһֽдȥµظɻϸĽ˷֮ġ
Ľ˶ԼϷĶЩ֪˺ﶼϴɾ˴Ϸ
֮ʢŽ棬ַ˹ʼˮ
˻һʮ㣬̫ͶĲС
վĽ;ԼҪˡ
˻ŲñȻظɵ𾢶
֪غͲô
һ·ʣһ·ߣĽڼԼˡ
ȣǴڸɻ֮໹죬˵
˵Ůˣ˵Ưļٵģ
￴һ۸ŮˣЦеصͷ
أͦÿġ
˽˻
Ůôôûиסһ𰡣
УҲ̫̫ˣﶼڵɻҲ˵æ
ǸƢģҲûƢ
˵ҹŮһϻ𳵣ڼϢôˣ˵ˣô겻סߣ֮Ҳ᲻ɻУɻйôûУɻԸĹַָҵԸ⡣
˻𣬴Ҳ֪ŮڲĿеĵλ
ҲڴȰ˵Ų˵ʱԶĵ¢ϴ˲Ϥ

ѭȥֻһ׵ķСվڵ¢ϣ߻֡
˭ùƯġ
ǰȴӻҪÿ

ڴ˵˵Ǹʱ򣬾ͼոջŭĲʱЦտĳǱ߻˻֡

ĽЦе˹ȥͼֻҪҪ
̫ˣǶúõشš
ĽȻôɵصţǰţߣܿͻʦˡ
Ľ࣬㲻ڼţ
ڲ￴ԼŮͲһµصˡ
Ľ˻ԼдĲ
Ҹ͵һˮʡ
ʱ˲ҩģÿ÷˹				

313¸


ǰ˼ҵĺͷˮԼҲĽһȻĽˡ
ԼҹŮǺãˮǿԷֹˮ
عˮ
Ľ͸󾰶һ档
һ˹治ǰ׿ˮĽʲôôġ
ֻǵȵĽ˵һ֮󣬴ȻԶԡ
Ƥʲô
ɽǵ֪
Ǹʲôʲô
ҲǺܺġ
һڣ֪ˮ⣬ԼãԼûôˡ
ЦرʾҪȡ
ũˣ󷽵ĺܣҲôŵˣȻǾŮĶӦԼȣǷ˳ȥ
ǽĽֵࣿǲɻҪæ
ǲˡ
ոʻĴԣݺݵƲƲͣûط˸ۡ
ˣҿҲǳúÿ˰ɲ˵ʲôʲôġ˵öûãһ۶Ƕѡ
ҪҪ˵ĽЦǺǵؿڡ
⻰ҿɾͲˡҲҵɻҾǰ۶ôŮأŮǰ۶һڰɻɣ
ӻһ죬ݺݵصһĽ࣬һ䡰ֿ֮ʼ⡣
ŮŮĻˣڳ
ѧأԺҪũѧġ
ĽЦ
ôŮɼһرðɣϾũѧɲôýܵġ
ӻһӾըˣŮϳ裬ôڮ٣
ƫƫĽûڵ˼ʹЦе˵һ顣
үǣѧҽģʹ峤үү˵Թð壬ӭҹ
һ˵ϼ
Сô
ǰҪҪǮ

Ľ಻һͣóԼ֮ǰҽԺ֤ûһ˻ˡ
Ҳ棬˼ҽԺ֤أ
ˣ
˵֣ո˵ӻݺݵضţЩغߺ
ߣһСѾͷƬӶѣ˭˭ù˵ԭû֮вˣ
Ľû˵˿Լ˳ۣԼֲǣңͣ£
ǲҪ
Ů˿ԼŮ˳ۣžΪŮúÿѹǼӻķͷѡ
Ϊ֪Էڴʲô⡣
Ľˮ֮뿪ˣҪؼո˵飬ȷѾʹ峤˵ˡ
ƫƧĴӣѿ˭᲻Ը⣿
ĽʵôҲܼ򵥣ǵũ콨һҪ峤չչѡ
һ峤ٲ󣬵һܹ
ܶ顣
ũæʱһȽɵĻֱ䵽ʳˮ㡣
ﵣһ·ĽίװһӰοĻͿĲһķһ䵽ʵ
ŷǾЩĽԼί֪
ǲл˵
Ľ࣬ǸŮ˵㲻ҪϡǸŮ˼иŮӻǴÿˡûÿ￴֮ͼˡ
͡
ʵɣҾûÿǰѡ
ĽЦеҡҡͷ
ģΪͲģԺҪкܶ಻ˣ˵Ļô˵ǹ
ţǹܺԼˣ
ԱߵҲŵͷ
ûôòˡϹġ֮ǰ˵ģҪ˿
ǰҸ峤үү˵ˣҲ˵֧ңĵطͰǱߡʱһҪȥҳųų棬һ۸ô죿
ػûڣϵͷ
úúãһȥһȥ˭鷳˭鷳ҹŮôá
ĽЦˣ̾Ů˾Ĺ
ԼûκβãõŮ
صҪ˵Щʲô ˿ੲݵӣеȥ
ʵÿһ£ǣЩ£Ҳһһ¡
ν֤仰
ԹĽȥǱߣ峤Ѿ˸Ľ֧ӣӣͦô¶ġ
һӵ˶ˣģȸϼ֡
ҪĽβģҲҪֵģˣһŶ˼Ҫҵġ
ΣԱŴ峤˵вػ˰Ҳûҵκλᡣ
ŴҶĽĳޣֲģһѾͷƬӶѡ
ҧҧŭǰһԼ䣬Ļ̧̌°ͣư
ҿ				

314

Ľû˵ԱһֱܺƢزﲻˣ
ƾɶ֮ǰô˵ԼҹŮҪԼҹŮĶô棿
οӻһҾҪҲģôܰģ
У
ƾɶаŮҽôҪ˿ôҲǴôŮû£ҵĲ
ﻹ治˳ܣպͮͮһƬ
ġ
˵˲Ͳ
ҽȻѡ˰ԱϢһ£Ҹλúơ
ĽϴЦȴһƬ⡣
ҽȴʲôŮڱ˴ԼʱԼһҲչȥ˴
ӻﲢ֪ЩĽòĿһ۲
ȴû뵽Ľ֮ҪֱȥҽԺúü顣
ҽԺ飿
ӻɫһף֮ϷӦĽںԼ
ֱһֱۣĽЦһ
һӹҽúõ壬Ҫ˵вҪȥҽԺ飬ΪһôΪ
ƫƫôɺϣû˵꣬һͷ۾һգ˹ȥ
ԭڿأû뵽ȻϳӻΧ˹ȥոպͶԷŵĲҲ˹ȥһš
һΪĽ˵Ǿ仰һΪȷûʲôĳԹ
ôô
ѣӻѡ

ĽӿˣѹԷؿڡ
ӸոպʱͷֶԷ̫ãЩļģƶԷɫȷ˶Էಡ
ΪһֱûзҲΪյĴֻ̼̫ʲôĲ֢
ΪûಡôҪԷȥҽԺúüһ£ҲȽϱһ㣬û뵽εô졣
ĽǴЧҩͽģȸιЧҩ֮˰ӻԼңԼýסԷѨ
治ٸŮû뿪ȣҲµظɻĺʱҲվŵ֡
ڣȵĽ֮ӻһ˹
⣬Ķôˣ
Ｘ˹˷Ÿӻｲոε顣
ӻʶĿĽࡣ
ĽʱҲû˽ѵ˼֣µ⣬Ǻйصġ
ӻһĽʵģþϵ֢״
һʱ侭ĻңͷĿѣ飬֮ǰΪԼǶˣҲû̫ϣû뵽Ȼεˡ
ôˣ
и˼Ҵҵس˽ӻ
ĽӻӻͼͭɫĺӾȵؿš
ӻһֱܺõġ
Ľû취Էͣûֲڵı֤ϵֻȰ˵ȥҽԺúüһ£ߵʱְ˽סˡ
ԵĻǿԴǵĺȥҽԺһ¡
ܶಡǿŴġ
ಡǸŴŴѡ
ӻǱŵˣ˵ҲվŲӻԼĸ첲뿪ӡ
뿪֮Ժը˹һ̸Ŀԡ
ҲЩʧ䡣
Ľ࣬㲻ܰô
ĽʵѾĲ˴Ʋ⡣
Ӧಡǲأʲô飬߳ʲôͻļϾʱѾˡ
ಡû취ֻܻ⡣ңҲ֪ԼಡӦûôءġ
ķ˺ܿɧ
֮ǰҪĽԼ˲࣬һǾԼͦõģӦûҲ˾Ľ಻ףֻǶЦѡ
Ľ©һ֣ôҶĽĸйٷ˱仯һִ˹
ⲻ鲻֪һ黹ķм˵ȷ
ҲеĲҪȥҽԺȷеĽ൱˷ҪȥҽԺץҩеģĽ˶Էĵʱ䡣
ԣһֱŰ쵽ϣռͥУϼһ
ܿ죬ڴ֪Ϣ֮ҲҴҵظĽƲ
Ľû˵ǲˣŮÿһΣɫͰһ֣ۡ
Բ˴ҵֱվ˳ס˴Ҫ뿪
ĽޣһȥҽԺưɣ
ĽǸжΡ
άˣЩ飬ǲ˵ʲôʲôġ
Ȼﻰ䣬˾ͽ
ƾɶǶˣΪʲôǿ
ǰǰô˶ˣΪɶǿ
				

315


û취ֻܰԼϣĿ¶
ɫ̧ţ漸ߺȵСӣֱ·Ӱ˳˳ȥȻ顱һ°һӣ֮תͷĿŸոջļˡ
ǣǼ˼
㿴ңҿ㣬ЩģԸ뿪
ؿԶ˶֣Щһ˵Ҫһ޶ϵĸŮûС
Ǵ峤վʾĽһ죬ҪϢ
峤вÿ
ǰǲΪǲǴ˾Ͳǿɣ

Ů۾һµʼˣ
Ľ š
ǣҿλúܣ˳ʮ㲻˵ոջһ߸ߣвӡ
˵ϰŲĽϡ
Ϊ׵һŮ˷ɿسĽ˹ֱĽ֣
ŮơҲţҲ̫ʱ䣡
ǰǰŪҩʲôġ

Ҳţ
Ūҩ
ĽЦˡ
ҩֶҩҳԵģ
Ҳţ֮ǰҲģҲţһԵû뵽ɣЩˡ
Ȼҽûô⼸תŮҲʵҪҩġ
Ľ۾ɿڼѲһȦ֮Цĵ˵ͷ
λ˵ĵġҲţżвĴƲ
£Цһͷ絷عҪĽƲ
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ȵǿˣڵѾû˺ˣۡһŵϵǸ˹ȥŶԷӺ
磬ѣ磬ҴˣҲø˵ģ磬ѡ
ǲѩ÷ôУŵǸҲûѹ
˵ʱԼͬһ㶡
ı⣬Ҫġ
ܣѧҲûʲôã˸˴޾鷳֮⡣
ɵȵѩ÷ʱĵ׵ļһ˲ˡ
̶һʱ䣬ѩ÷ʮһ㡣
ˣǸ˶Լ˵һ鷳Ƕѩ÷˵ȴΨһ
ôס
ǧһ仰
ڰ
ѩ÷û˵ڵһûһµֽǶԹ͵ĻûзӦһյָ¶ʱ顣
Ҫ߹ΪģҪ߹ͣΪΰġ
ǣܣ
Ѿظûȥ͡
Ҫ͡
ѩ÷ӣϵǱ䡣
ȥѩ÷֮뿪ؼңתͷͼСվڲԶ
߹ȥ
˸磬ҪĶѾ׼ˣ
ͽӹСԼĶתͷһԼؼңĬĬذһѴѪĲ˵Ž˳				

321´


˵ѩ÷ֵģѩ÷Сܵܡ
ĴӳһѴѪĵӣСС͵Ϊĸ˲Լɵѵ֤ݸѩ÷ʱѩ÷һ㶡
ΪϲѪһֽ

Ѫдɵģһ֣ѩ÷֪дġ
ƫִִֹΪ
һ֣֪Ҫȥ𣬻Ҫȥ
һԼΰ֮ʵ⣬ѡ˱ϾΰΰǲŹ˵ġ
һѵȥ˾֣˵ɱˡ
ǴҪһ֮²֪
ѧѾˡ
С˵ѻѾˣô֪һѵɱˣ
ʵѩ÷ֻǲµģϾԼȥϣҸĸҲܲԾ
еѵ͸嶯ԸΰûȥҲˡ
ǣԼ뷨˵һ顣
ЩôʱĹ˭˵ڲ׽ϸڡ
ѩ÷ǴѶңǰǰ󶼱һ顣
տʼѩ÷ҪҪԼ֮ǰһβľǺþԽԽè壬Զ˵ѩ÷иָĺƣв
ѩ÷ﾭ̣Ǻưв˵ԼΰԼԼ֮䷢Щ顣
ʵΰˣ˶ʶֻΪǸ̫ڵˮ©ôһֱûҵԷ©
òţϷŹѩ÷
һҪѩ÷ṩ֤ݡ
Сǽ֤ݵġԣǧҪúܹʲô֤ݡ
ǻ£ͬˡ
ϾѾûˣѵͲΪ籨ôڲǵĻ粻ˣǸԺ˵ļ˶֣ԺǧǧĶ֡
ѩ÷ҧҧѵԼ˱֡
ʵҲ֪Ǹ˭ɺǸһΣ˶ҪС檣ʱѾĹͣ
ȻѶԷܾˡ
˵֤ݣǸģ滹жԷдһ¶ǵ顣
ͬ־Ƕ൱ؼֱ֮ӵˮ˿ˮ򹫰ûо
ҪҾǣǿſңǾ֪֪ҵݣſңˮݲǷ
վԲ𣬽һˡ
Ϊ׵ľ֮ǰдѩ÷һãԷɫһ䣬ɥشͷܿ죬ֿʼ󺰴
ǵģǸŮ˹ҡȹңҵĴҵĴ
ֵģΧ㣬һƬµˮйͨ
ΰҽԺ˶䣬ոջķ
ңӵķһӵ˶㣬ŭش˴ţȺɤӡ
ʶ˼ææıͣʶҲر͡
ҲΪΰǸվϤ
㵵صԲ۾ʲô
Ҫùվ԰
ĵĻ֪ͨԼģ
ΰ߳ҪúʱѾվǰлһֽ
ͬ־ǻһ׮ɱ˰йأһ˰ɣ
ʲô
Χ˾㵵ؿߣһŵģ
ǲǲΰɱˣǲžȻ˸ȥΰ
ΰһ۾ǰİˡ
˭ϵˡ
ѵģ
˹ǣҡҡͷ
Բ𣬶⣬޿ɷ档ϸһˡ
ΰüͷҲûаϡ
ϾԼͺܶ˶һЩΪԼǰ;δԼԼҲ汣Լġ
ΰ֮еظŶԷ뿪ˡ
Ĳ飬ɱģΥҼ͵飬Ҳ㹻ࡣ
˾Ҳһģܾôѯʣֻһ仰
ûϵ
ȻһС״ƷħһΰҪΰΪ糥
ΰԭ֪ԼǸС
˭񿴵ѩ÷ʱȻ뵽ˡ
Ů˵ĸ硣
˭Ҳʶ㡣
ѩ÷ݺݵسΰһĭŭú
ΰǣҡҡͷ
ǰв˶˵Ƕû˺
Ƕû뵽ΰڻҿвˣҲΰһ⬣޴֡
Ȱ˵ѩ÷ؼҵʱˣҪˡ				

322


ΰ൱⡣
֮ǰ˵ģû취ġƫƫţ˰ɣ
йֵȻһССɳҪض࣬Ȼģűӷˡ
ô
йֵ˸ô
ɾΰʱȴйֱֵóһϡ
ΰüͷϲ
ǲ붪ǵķĻϰҵ򿪣ҿԲƽϡ
仰һǿ񾭲һؿһۡ
СӣԼסԼˣȻвңĵӣ
ϵĹǾе㲻ͬѰǵ뷨Щ룿
ͬ־Ǿλͬ־ȥʲôʲôô
һĦȭƣЩ
ǸǺһЦ
ҵĴҸոżˣ˸˵ˡΰǣһ׮͵Եİӡ
͵ԣ
ΰҪ͵ԣ
㿴ңҿ㣬±ơ
̫߿ΰҪǸĳ棬սҲ˵Ĺȥοȥ͵ԣ
ϻʲôֵ͵ģ
иոսɳС˳
Ժ֪ˣʱ䲻磬Ȱ˴ˣҲһ¶ˣ֮аӵĻݽļѼӺĻͷȥҲ

˵֮оͬһ±Ƶΰһ뿪ɳ
Сţһ£Ҹһǲġ

˵˵֮źݺݵһ
ʵҲûʲôΰŰѶĲ͹˿ڵ鿴̫ˣռϢҲףС֡
˭û뵽ΰȻΪ͵Զ
ΰҲ뵽ĿŪ̾ƣҳ˵ʱΪԼĽ׼Ǹ·档
һƣΨһļƻģѧ
ΰ֮ҵѩ÷
һֽ
˸㿪֤Ը뿪Ļ㡣
ѩ÷ǰһ֤ͽţŵ̧ͷŹͣҪлɤǶһʲô޷
ҡ
ҡҡͷ
ҲɱʣҶ
ȻڣҲ̫ܹѩ÷ĻϧһС¶
ѩ÷ؿһ۹ͣսе֤ͽš
лл
ȴûӦ¡
øҵлԺֻҪԹҾС
ѩ÷֪ΪʲôҪ˵ԼôԹ޹أ
ʲôûԼǶԲ
ˣΪʲô˵Թ
Թ޵ģҸм㻹ôԹޣ
û仰
ǲԹޣɵԺ֪ĻôܲԹ
ôԹҲν
ˣѩ÷еĽź֤˼ңԼĸĸף漸ͻĵܵãҪһѵľ
ѩ÷û뵽ǣΰٶȱҪĶ࣬ڶȥٵʱ򣬾ͼҶָָ㣬תͷȥʱ򣬴û
ѩ÷Щ֣ϲʱҵ̸ɫʱһס
Ҳ룬ֱӳһȺ฾˹ȥ
˵ʲô˵Ļֱӷǵ͡
ҿѩ÷һ㶣ԭȽǣѩ÷ȶ֮Ͽʼһϡ
Լ˳£ǽа壿
ǰǰ㶼Ǹˣ˵ô

Ļ˵Χۡ
ֻǣϷ˱Ƚ϶࣬æˣһûС
Ůı鶼ڿϵһ棬ͺһ۾ǵ۾
ѩ÷һˣ˫ȭѵ֣οǵĻһѰѼ⵶һĿڡ
Ƶڵأֱ˺ݺݵزһš
Ȼǰһ˫š
ɵ̧ͷǰˣͼǰԼ֮͵ĳˮϣһض
Ҫ϶һ
ˮ¶ӣȻѩ÷ŵĿУ֣ݺݵسϴ˹
ˣ
Ϊѩ÷Լĸ׿ϲôãȴԭô˾ɷŮˣ
¶Ǹˣ
ģ
ٴһƵʱȻǯסˡ
ˮתͷˣʱ۾һǺһЦ
ԭ㣬ҲѵģҰλø㡭
ɻ䣬ͼͳһһȭϣţһȭһȭ
ʲôºʲôϵ
Ǽˣʲô
ôҲֲ죬οŮˣ㻹Ҫ

˵һ䣬һȭ
Ź͵ģΧȻûһ˸ȥȰ˵
ˮϱʹİ֮󣬴ؿŹͰѵϵŮ˷ǵ뿪˳
ҲʱҺȻʹദĳͶģǵͷĻå				

323¹ϵ

ϵ
ѩ÷ͷų˳ӣ뵽ոճˮ϶飬Աһ£Թ͸Ӹм
Ҳ֪ԼѾûףͺԼһĻƻиΧԼ֮ǰѾôԲˣڹ۶ùͳκβ
˴磬ллôҡˣԼѡ·Լߡ
ε飬ѩ÷֮ǰ̬ȼᶨ˲һǰ
Ҳûǿ󣬲ŮɽɽˮˮֻԼܴԼһƬ졣
ǵĽࡣ
Сܹ飬ѩ÷ȻҲ
תͷ뿪Լѩ÷
ͣлл
Уټ
ͽŲ˶٣ûŤͷҲû˵
ȹͻصңͼſڵŵˡ
ڻˣ֪Ǽſڵ˶ô
ȵģ
һ仰СֱϨ˻
СĬظŹͽ˼ֳĬظŹͽ˳ʼƽʱһˮЩż
˵ڻܳȥ
Ƴ˶Էһۡ
Ȼأ
ǺǣȻأ㾿ôƲô黹ǣǣΰ飬ֵǣ㾿Ūô̾ƾơ
ǹŪһ̾ƣͺҪ
ùġ
û˵С׷ʡ
ķȫһ飬ɽȴ֣ڶʱڣȫû취ûǸʱ
ҪǮģ˵ҲòôһǮ
Ͱ׷Ž˹棬ŴųСȥ˸ڷ䡣
С忴ŵĶ̲סһ
һӵ̾ƾƣӶУҿӾǼֵƵġ
ݺݵһĭ㵵תͷ͡
㡭
˱ԼеĸǿҲӷ
飬ң
ɫƽشųСţϡ
С뿪֮ǰõִ򲻿֮һ飬˷ֵĻͲҲһӡ
㾿Ǵʲôʱʼģ
ʱǻ֪Ϊ˽
ҡҡͷ
ԭֻҪŪһ̾ƾưǶɹѹصģһͼ֮Ҳʼ׬Ǯ
Ǯô˭Ҳ١
䣬ĽΪǮʱżա
Ծһģͻôࡣ
ΰʱЩͳɱﵣһλûа⵹ΰĻͰЩȫɼٵġ
̫󣬾ЩҪȫΰС
ҺãѧһεΰܶС
һѹҲ˳С
𶯡
˹͵ĻСӵؿŹ͡
ΰһԵò
Ҳû뵽Ե˾Ȼһɣ
ͬʱںͺҲε顣
ᵽ͵ʱһ̾
ԼС˹ͣԶڹ飬֪һ
ͻٹ꣬ɻˣ
ǾùͲǹˡ
ϾĽ壬ǰҵһμ͵ʱһֱĽ棬ǶĿȾҲˡ
Ľйϵأ
Щ±ơ
Ľ಻ûڼôңĽ֮ǰĴȻûиǣҲٲµһž
ԼĻΪնΰϹжķ֮һټ
ɹ͵Ľ߸˲֪١
̾ϢһѵĽ˵һ顣
ι飬Ľ൱ҵǲһʤǿջȳ²֣һģһֻһ̾ƾƣ͵ȷƯԼҲһܹôණ
ڵ֪һе
㵽׻ǵ͹˹֪ͣʲôôʱڣҪĶҪĶְҪĶܶʼҶ˱ˣҲǷ飬һ˵Ķѣͺ׾õõ
˵꣬Ȼ뵽Ľࡣ
Ӧ˵벻ѡ
ǵҽԺ֮ǰһҽôĽţģ
Щκ
ôֺĽ೶һ
һͷˮģ̲ס˳ǡ
ʱĽǸҽŮļ̸ʩѹ֪õʲôֶô
ʲô
ǸһҪһлڣĽȻûЩеͣѿ԰Ҫˣִм˼䣬ŰڰҲΪ˳飬ԼҲԼ
뵱Լֺγ
˵˻Ӯȷǻݵ顣
ź˵Ļһ˱仯Щλá
ǸСôô
Ҳ֪ƭҲûҪƭĽûĻҲᱻϹү£Ҳǰնظд𣬸д˼ܵӡ
ǸСֻʮ갡				

324

Ľ˿֪ΪԼľ޴𵴣ΪҲ鷳С
鷳С
ռ뿪֮󣬴Ҳɢˣ峤ȴĵȰ˵ĽڶһϽߡ
峤үү֪ǸյĵܵܺôҲһ֮ô
峤Ƶ̾ϢһЦҡҡͷ
Ա߽һյĵܵܡ
ϱ˵塣յĵܾܵһ۲۵Ļ쵰֮ǰڽϻӵģ֪ôĻ˴Ҫ峤ҶΪЦģȻıŸڴ峤λȢǰδ峤ŮԼ˼δ峤
峤صĻ˵
ǵͦģڴҲ޴档һֱʱ˰ѿ˿Ǵӵ˴һ٣ڼĵʱŪ˲ٷ֮Ǵü˲١ԺҶΨհҲΪԷ伫ķʽǴӳΪΧӵһԡ
غʹ峤Ľ֮Ľ֪ԷһѲһ֡
ƤΪʲôֱţҪļùթԼ
ĽɻȵڶʱǹѩһԽԽˡ
Ϊϵģǳ˿֮ǾȻûԴΪ
ӵ˿Ľɫ˱䣬ĽܱǸ
ֻĽԼԼＸ
Է̬ȵȷֵ֣ʱֱӴԼҽãĽࡰǸ
˲ǹֵģһСЦʱԻľѡ
ҲΪĽľ跴
Խҧ˵ĹŲУҲԽǿ޺ˣڷ˷ɾһ
峤֪ʲô飿һҪȥڴ￴Կûʲôʱд㡣ҰҲҪµظɻĲ˼
ǺһЦĽ˸űĹʡ
ͬ־֮ǰҽù棬㲻ˡǸǸˣһҪԭǡ
ĽͬЦ
ԷװһԼ޹صģԼҲͬԡ
ðȻ峤ôг⣬˵ԭҲ˵ȥǲǣǰĸףҲ֪ԼԼ飬ǣͲˣǲǣ
Ľ໰䣬ͼֱ߸ߵ̧첲յϾһơ
һƲգҲΧֵһȺˡ
ĽٿȻ˱飬Цеѿ
ˣʲô
β

ԼʲôöԷô˵棬ԼĽ֣
ԺкȻһĨӰĽһ
ǲΪǸˣҪ֤
Цһ
峤͹ˣ
ƢĿĽࡣ
Ȼͬ־Ҫô
һո˳˼Զ׼
ղŵؿһЦĵܵܣ̲סһ

ûһĽһ롱ƣɴŵЦ
ĽϿκ
ɲ⣡
Ľ۾ǰ˷չȥ˵ҲܳΪһ
ֻˣе伫
ϾԼǾԲãҲĴڣԷԼ˶ܹã֪ΪΪǰ;Щʲô顣
ĽڼԼʲôˣ˴ԼһԼܹһЦԼȻԼ˵˻㶼ĵ߹ȥеһ˶ԷһѨλϡ
Ȼ˿ڼɣ峤ĽͺúϢ죿
ղ̫˸žâ룬̲סһЦĽһҽ
Ľɲ仰ǿ佱
ЦЦջԼϵ롣
ǰǼĽҽģĽѾջԼ룬̽ͣҪ˵ʲôȴԼ޷
Χ۵̲סһΪĽһ亹
ѱ˵ĿĵɿҶԷǶĽʲô³
ƫƫӶҪ뿪
ȵȣ
Χ۵ΪĽవһʱ򣬾Ľסǡ
ͨҪǸô
ƫƫĽ֮ΪǴһ
峤ùҲ磬ҿǰ˿˲Ҳ˽ġ
üͷԼҲû뵽ԼһˣĽྐྵȻһ磿
ǣЩǮܿɱһŮȣٻЩ¡
뵽Ǹ˵ҪͲòűӸǮ
ǣӵ˾ͿڴţǮ֮뿪
ں滶һ⻶ϲȸԾ
ĽȴеһǮԺе˳˼С				

325´


Ľ࣬ôˣ
￴Ľ˼ı飬̲סһΪĽΪԳ԰ο
ûϵٹ鷳Ļ϶۸ġ
Ľ֮ǰֶЩûиתأױϾӻᣬԼаӦõģûоòãԼ˵ģûΪӳͷеⲻȥ
ҲԱߵͷʾӦõģҪĽ಻Ҫ̫ڵġ
Ľһů
˱˵Ȼӡ
ֻĽĸжûг̫ʱ䣬ͼ֮ǰ濴ֵ洫˼ʱ˵
У˵ĻȽɡ˹
ԼȥƴɲҪǣǴˡ
ǰǰǰ˭ǿɱ˻ҪˣԼ£ǿɺûйϵ

в˻֮ǰĽǿˡ
غͲ˵Ķ൱һ£ͬʱĽ൲󣬸Է
Ǵ峤վ˵˻
Ѿˣ˵Ҳ˵ȥǼˣ֮ǰĽôڻԼҪҪ
ϾǴ峤һλġ
ո˵Ǽ˸ŭԵ뿪ߣҲɢˣֻǴ峤ȴû뿪
Ľ֪峤лҪ˵ֲز˸뿪ˡ
ûֻ̫࣬ĽԵɽ髣ֱɽ
صĽ˼滹ЩǣɶĽƶı飬Ҳ
ңҲʵҪǵ¡
뿪֮Ľõģǵˮ衣
峤үүԵ㶫ллͷ
һΪǴ峤Ҫ˵Ҳûа취ˣҲˣռӶʵľګˣСһΪȴ˾ޡ
һүүҲӲܡոһΪȷʵе̫嶯ˣ
ĽЦһڲˮ˵
Ϊ֮ǰҲ˵Ȼ֪ΪʲôŸǸǰرĸԣҾһγ˿һһسӡ
峤үүǵĴӣ
峤ҡҡͷ
һ棬㸸ĸѵӵˣ
Ľͷ
Ҳǣ֮ѣ峤үүллҾüȻ֮ǰѾ飬ѾӣûнһҲŹҵҲŹӡ
ȴ峤ڣĽЦ
ң峤үүѵô걻һСѹͷϣûκ뷨ô
峤Цһ
͹󣬵¸أǰӲͣسìʱ·磬ûԹֻΪҲûܹѹסǸСˣܼȥ
˭ԸһСƨѹԼͷʺ
Ľ࿴Ŵ峤ϵĿɬһЦָ峤һˮ
ƳȳȵľջһŨŨζȥ
˵ҿ԰æأ
峤һ
æʲôæ
ѾһЩĲ²⣬־ÿЦ

ǰ˻ֻһӶѣܰԼʲô飿
峤үүʲô˼Ҿʲô˼Ҵ峤үүôΪʲôҵͷУ峤үүԸʹ˲ˣǣҪΪĺǿһ²ô
峤ȻһС٣Ӧò֮ڳ֮Ϊ١
һ棬Ȩ൱
Ľ׼˴峤˼Ѿôĺôȥ᣿
峤ĿɬؿǰЦ̵С
֮ǰֻǰĽ൱һӳѧҽˣѾһغ̨ҵϸˡ
Ҫʲô
峤үүõģҲġֻҪԺ֮󣬿վ򵥾С
ֻ
ðɣ
е㵣Сֻǻ֮ơ
ĽЦЦ
˵ģҲ˼ӣҲù˼ҵɣ
ǣغͲͼЦеĽ࣬ԼǰһԷĴ峤
Ǳ˵ȴ峤һԷʲôʱ峤ȹˣ
ЩţֵؿһĽ࣬ĽĹ
ңԷʱ򣬴峤ǵ̬ȣ˵һһٰʮȵĴת䣬ȴҲ֮ǰ˼֣Ϊ峤̫󣬼Ҫسֵˡ
Ľʱ͸˼ƿƣĽóһƿ˺ȣߵʱ͸峤һƿ
峤ɲȱˣҲһʶģƿƾ֪Ľ˵к̨δķչ˼Уһ·ЦеģжͰˡ
رܿ˲ѯĽԭĽֻصЦЦ
Һʹ峤үүСܣܸ㡣				

326˯ͷ

Ľ֮ǰмֲ²⣬ΪʲôԼͷȵ˼Ŀ֮ȷ롣
ͬ־ΰͬ־Ҹ͵ĶʲôҪæģԾҡ
Ľ࿴ǰһ̾ƾƺ͸֮ݳƷȻط־Ȼ͹͸׼Ĳ룬ֻǹ׼ĶЩϸһ㡣
ǵԼҪԼط򸾽ܣ͵ôණΰأ
ˢڸеģ
ллλͬ־һ·һЩ˰ɣȻϢһºȿڲ裿
ĽܿԷҪ뿪ȴֱĽһ仰ס
ʵҲֻǺȲ裬ϼһˣҪһ´֪֪顣
档
Ľ˵ʱ¶һĨЦݣȻܲмҰûΡ
ͬ־㲻ֻһСѣ˵㱳վͬ־ǸҶ㡣Ҫͬ־һأ
Ľ۾һ
ֱ˯˸Լͷΰʲô⣬һ
ΰô˵Ҫô֮ǰѾΰ˵ˣⲻ㲻Ҫңΰֿʼˣ
ĽһԼ˵ĵСŮˡ
˺ǺһЦ
ͬ־ġͬ־˵ˣˣֻǸṩ˲Ҳֺѡ¶Ҳǣȥ
Ľͷ
أô
Ľ뵽֮ǰڻϷֵЩͯˣֵĿһǰˣ״Ʋһġ
̫ãǰһʱڻһ˾ϡͿץ˼ԵˣŪڶʲôҪһ棬Ҳٵ£һʱȥС
ĽԣѾ˼ƽϡ
µصʱ˵Լ˿ˣһˣΪ˹ģżæŵؽԼ˺ԼһؼңͼĽڼڵڰŪһѶ
滹һ
ȥʴ棬˭ҪЩ˰ɡ
ӦǮ
ΰǮĽһÿġ
ϾԼôʱ䣬ʱǽǮ
Щǲ֮ơ
һΪĽҪѹ֮ǰĶأЩż
⺢ӣ֮ǰﲻѾ˵ˣðѶ˼ô
ٺúÿЩɲǹ͵ġУǱ߻һгأպȥسһˣ᲻гһ£
ȲǿھܾĽЩһЦ
һûбгعأ
仰һض˵ˡ
гһδŻܹ˵ɣ
أгͦ򵥵ģӦò̫Ѱɣ
ԣĽ£ѾԼľ
ֻǲ֪ǣЩ˵˾˵ģĶˣ
ɲĽסĵطֲгظհгƳȥ˵ע⡣˵һ£Ǹ˵һ£ǣȵϳԷʱռſڻΧһˡ
˶ĵطǽ
Ůһ̨Ϸ
οﲻ˶ۼ
Ǻְ汾Ĺ¶
Ǹ˹ռǸõģȻôг
ɲôһСһˣйŮʲô飬ýֺͷ붼֪
һ˼ҾĶأ
˭Ҷ㻹ûм˵ʱôණüһûոҽȥռӺȿˮ澹Ȼô󣡡
ôȴ峤ҵĻ󣿡

ŮǱ߸ֱ£峤ϱѾ˴峤ŭغǺ
ЩֻСĵ˵µͷ㣬첻ǻĽҩôǰЩӰϲ¶ʱﲻǻȥĹô㣬ӽʱ˭Ǽ޵ļҾߡ
һҶ˵ˡ
ʵҲûл˼ֻǼͬһˮƽϵ˹ñԼãԼЩƽѡ
֮ǰ̫ϲ֣ĽһͲ˶֪ԼһôŮȻŮôôã˵ôܸ˵ˣ
ں˵˵ЩʲôЩĽ͵ģôˣŮ˳Ư̸öôҲôѣۺôǹҺöΪһСŮô
ĽжڲάЦеصͷ
أǼʵеأүү֮ǰҪҸӹ·̫Զˣұ
˵꣬¶һĨɬı顣				

327

ĽǹװƵġ
ۺǼжΪǼûУҿԸ㣬ϼңõĶеǣۺЩֻһëëѡ
Щʱһ˱ǿһĻܻἵʡһԶԶذĻʵ˼֡
ĽĻôһ˲ȻΪĽ˵ٻϾݳƷӻҲִֻ̳οﻹкܶûأ
ĽԼųӣԼԱߴӣŮӡ
ɲǣǼҵõúܣDӣõĺܡ
ĽҲԱЦ
һ̨λǣǼ˭ԸģԹҪ֪ʱƱɲŪҲDģе󣬲ִĶȻõıȽǿϾ˭Ҳͷǣ
Ľ˵ЩʱأȴûסֻŭصŮŭ塣
ţЦˡ
һ̶ˮĽൽָֻ֮ͻ
Ľһ˵ϸ˻⡣
˭򣬵˭Ҫ˶ǮϿʼкԼ˲Ҫг顣
һ̨ѣô˼ңȻõ򲻵
Ľະһ
λ󲮴Ǻúһ̨˿ɾûˣ
ǣոջԥҲԥˣ˵ŤͷؼҾҪȥȡǮ
ոջĽſĳʱҲ˻һг
Ľû˵תͷ濪ʼ
֮󣬷˼Լаˡ
֮ǰﻹԼɳ˼Ľ֮󣬵ҲԼ˵Ĵˡ
Ľྪȵģȵռҵˡ
ǱˣǸڵţ塣
ԼҲ׹ţӶ࣬ͷ࣬־ͶǱ˼Ҫġ
ذǼҵǮ
ǹģһȽϹɣ
Լ֪Щ̲סתͷȥĽࡣ
Ľûڰٻ¥Ҳ֪ͨʲôǮֱһʮǮ
̫󣬾ʮ
ʮ
ǻ
ǴҽõתһһҲٶǮѡ
ţ忴Щԥ˽ֱ֮Ӻ˺ģԼڴóʮǮĽһҲǶǮ
ٲȱȥ
ȻžͼǮһȺˡ
ţ汧ŵһɫѿ֮
ϣˡ
ΰ͹͸Ķ룬ĽЦеؽסҪߵһȺˣк
󲮴Ǽ滹вٶҴĺҶ͵ĶˣҪҪʲôҪģҪƱ
󡰲ҪƱֳ״˴Ҫߵͷ
ɣҲǮҲҪƱĶһжԼҪأ
֮ӳģĽŵҲ߰Ķɫζȫķˡ
Щ⣬Ǻǫҫ
ЩĽģĲ̫ãҲǺӶǵһ⣬ҲԼˡ
ҳĬԡ
ⶫĲ̫ãѲƽʱԵĶʳô
ҲҪҪǲٿ˼ҫ
ΰ˴һѶȫĽٵǮ
ȴ뿪֮ĽЦеذнٿǮ˲С
Ľ࣬ǡ
Űɣȥ㶫
ʲôʲôУ㲻ҪƷˣ
ҲǸƷѡҪҪԵĺȵģϾҪһʱ䣬Ķ̫á
Щϲ
㻹ҪܾãúúãǾȥôǮأɶɶ
ĽЦеصͷ
ԱΧ۵൱Լϱǲе̫ƭˣ
ոҪѵĽֵģڿϲ̵رǣűˣ
˼ʱĽһ
ϲģרŸġ㳢óԵĻǸ
شû˵ԼϲģĽ˵һҲΪճ۲ıȽϸ
һæͷ絷⡣
úúá
ʱʲôԲԣòãŮǺþ͹ˣ
ָʲôأ
ڶĽһ硣
гûظ˸ţţһ·Ľ·
ĽҲû뵽ȥϾȻܹˡ				

328ô

ոԼҲû뵽ԼոչĽ࣬˹͵ҪһĽࡣ
ɸչ˵˹˿Щ˵Ҳһ·ϡ
ԼĽʱ⻶ϲ
Ľ࣬ô
ͬ־ҲСգĽ࣬ǵĳƺ
Ľ࿴ոһۣЦеعϲԷְ
ոЩȵؿĽࡣ
ô֪ǲǹͬ־㷢籨ˣ
Ľɻ
ˣ
ţˣͻҸ˶
ոҿĽǼһĵطѶԼĿڴ˳ظĽ֮źݺݵһ
ڸˣ㲻֪ԴһǮ֮Ҿʹû˯һڸˣҵȡˣ
Ľྪ㵵ؿһǮû
͸òȥ˰ɣŪôǮ
ÿжǮ֪һ
Ա߿һĻغͲﶼһ
öǮ
ǸľĽ˵ֻһеһˣ
ոջйҪû̫ʱ䣬Ǻ˼֮󣬷ɿ뿪
غͲո뿪֮һһؿʼѯʹڹ͵顣
ϾһǮ˵Ҳ١
ĽЦһ˵ԼҲ̫֪ô
ҲΪ飬ȥۿۣɻǰĽĥӲݣ˲ٶȥ
ڻȥ·ϣ˸ڴӵһˡ
ĽôԼΰ˿Ľΰ̸ϾѾΰӡǣĽʱ򣬻ЦŸĽ๰˹֣˼ס
Ľ๴ǡ
ʵôණǶл峤ˣģȻȥ֮һԼġ
˵仰ʵҲǸʾһ£Ѿ֪Ĵ㡣
ҪʲôҲˣ
ɫһ
۾Ľһ뿪üͷ΢΢
ܾĽ࣬ͱ˲̫һе֣֣ԼҲ˵
Ľ࣬ǲǻʲôǣܾЩЩǮܱŤʵߵǸ;ʲôģǸ󣿡
Ľ˹͵ڹ͸˹ôණʱծҲͻˡ
ǮͶʲô˼
Ǹΰ
ΰֻܹ춼£ʲôĽɫ
ȻϲĽ࣬ҲͦĽģִǴǵϣһ
Ľ򵥵ظǽһ£˻üԼҲЩΡ
ðɣ һ飬ô
ţ
ţ
ãȻҵĻܲһãԼʲôҲøֻ֤ҪҾСڹʲôˣǼ֮Լˣ
֮ĽΪʲôҪԼĸĸȥͣԼûж롣
غͲһۣҲЩ֡
ĽѾ˵̶ȣٱƺҲе㲻ãϾǺĽĸŮĸŮֻߡ
ĽҲܵΣֱת˻⡣
غͲҲ˳ת˻⣬һ·Ǻг
˴棬ῴĽʲôûмԴ׵˵ʲôһĽǹϺӡ
غͲܿģոյһ㲻Ҳʧ
Ľ࿴һĻһµľǴ涼иҡ
ĽòȥڰţˣһιţҲ˵Եģϴγ֮󲻺˼Է˼
ĽҲû⣬ⶫԼǽ±ȽϺãϾ˼ҳԷʱŲһȽ졣
Լȥ˴峤Է
峤үүţ壬ǲҪʵⶫѾƺˣûֳѬζ
峤ǰڰ֡
ʲôģʱûԵʱ򣬲ƤճԲ󣬻󣬶޲Ƥˡ㲻õġ
ֻǵȵĽѶʱһŨŨζ˹
㣬Ա߼˶̿ˮ
ȴ̻һ֮Ľ˵˽Ҫ峤˼
峤үүϴҸҿʱһȤ󡣺öຢӶЩƶѪƶѪʵҲʲô󲡣ǺôǱȴҪһҺӳҲҪӪģӪ²̫á
峤һĴ󳦣ͷ
ʲô˼ֱ˵С
ĽԼ˼˵һ¡
ƶѪܼ򵥣⵰̡
Ǻԣ⵰ڶ̫ࡣ				

329

ũÿÿֻֻһֻᶾᱻ˾ٱġ
̸ǲ룬ʲôûУộ
Ļ֮ǰҲʹҲûʲô⣡
Ĳ̫࣬ΪܹݵĵطڴռסˣôºҲֻһĶѣԵԼʳ֮١
֪Щ֮Ľ֮ǰǸ͵Щһ϶Ǯˡ
Ϊ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ǴŰԼǷȱĶһԵļ˻ȥ
ٱһΪ϶ĲĽʾԼʱ˿ֻҪǺǡ
˼ǣôҳԴ󳦣
˼˿ԲԣǺӱҪԣҪԴ󳦣ҪΡܶຢӣһЩ˵ĲӶܴ֣һֲ
ǶЩûʲôʶĽҲһ⡣
ʵЩѶǮǰɣûеĻԺҲġ
峤̾Ϣһǵ۾Щӡ
ʵⶼĴӲһĻǲǾͲӣǰûĻǴӿ⸽ԣһ
ڴЩȫ⡣
֮ǰĽʱЩģ룬ﵱ峤ˣԼҲЩ˼ˡ
öƤλϴȥ
Ľ࣬һ˵ġǣҲһ⡣
˵
Ҳ̫뵱峤ˣ
˵Ľ࣬غţ嶼Щȡ
ʲôʲô
ôһٷĹ򣬴峤Ͳ뵱峤ˣ
ؼæ˿ӣĽһۣҪҪ˵
峤ǧҪô˵ܵĻ˭ܵ
ǰǰ ǰǶҪ쵼أ

ֻǲغţô˵峤ô仰Լˡ
Ժ˭Ӱࡣ
ҵûȥú롣
ĽԼҲû뵽˴峤ţ뿪ʱԼҲΪΡ
ĲҵĴ
صͷֳ֮ڰ֡
֪ĴģֲһͿ档峤Ҫ峤УҲһֱѾˣȱţҲֻŲ˵
ҲԱߵͷ
ǰǶ֪ûϵǱϾ峤ǴǼ뿪֮˼ûв͸ǽ֪Ļġ
ĽͷʾԼѾˣǾпΪ
ҲǿǵЩҲŽţ
ؾ㵵ĿĽࡣ
ԣ峤뷨Ѿϵˣ
һ£Ľ˵֮ǰҡҡͷ
ԡ㲻ѾϵˣԼƵġ˵ô࣬ôֻ࣬Ϊô峤λ
һ±ƵĽػصѲţɻã
Ǵ峤Ϊʲôô峤λңҲûܹ峤ˡ
ʵѡ峤ովѾˡ
ĽԱߵЦ
ʵ뷨ҲֻϺȻֵģԭֻҪʹ峤үүùϵ֮ԼʲôĻ峤үүԳΪǽ鷳
ǣָ֮⡣
ô峤ǣԼ˵ϴ峤ȻһĴΣͶ̫󣬺ͻ沢ȡ
ôõġ
ĽЦؽüͷ˵￴ǸкȻһֻ뷨뷨ԼĿʼٹ
ȻǸһֵȷĴ
Ľ࣬ӦòҪ
ǵģҾҵҲҪǣҵ˴峤֮󣬸ڵ۸ˡȻǶסʱҲˣѵΪʲô˵Ҹո˵ĻҲû治ֻǺӣƶѪء
û˵ֻǴԼڴóһԼ᲻ọ́һͽ棬ֻŻȴô޷̵֧ȼָͷ߶²񻰡
ǸʵˣСϴ ҲСǱ˺ԵһҲҪȡҲû˼һȢ˲֮ҪúгԵģкȵģԼһ˫ָɻ㣬֪㡣
Ľһεͬˮһһе뷨ܵ˳
Ҫ֪֮ǰһ鳤û
óóȻ峤Ļ˻ãأ
ʱ˻ôԼôῴǼң
Щǲòǵ顣
ĽЦŸص̣ҲûгЦţֻЦеسҡҡͷ
㲻ýšϾ峤үү˵ȥ롣һѡأ
һ㶣Ȼ۾һɿص˵ͷϽӲı
ǰô
һأ
ܹΪ˽Ľ࣬˽ĽĻһ˵
Ľʲô飬ԺȻѾ˼·һƱҪԼĿɡ
飬ڵĿꡣ				

330


׿֮ÿøӾ͸֮ǰһֻΪĽĴڣ֮ǰӷḻ˲١
ÿĽ͵÷Ÿھǣһĵޣӵ֮ԵĽĺóԵòҪҪķˣ;ҸòҪҪġ
ÿڴϣͲ˵ʱҲǲ쿴ǿԲĽǡ
һõӾǴϵ͵ʱһõĲ񻰡
ɾѾ֮Ժʱһ峤ȻдһòμӴ飬ݣǱˣþǴ峤λλӸء
Щ±ơ
Ϊ峤ˣôֺȻ
Ǹ±ơ
ʲôôȻҪ峤ˣһĴ峤Ǵ峤Ķӣһ
˵ǵĳ޴
Ͼϰд峤һУȻӲûǰùҲΧеĴӹúãȻ̫ãҲҾѾˡ
ң˭֪峤صĻҵӻ᲻ѹ
һ̫أ
Դ˽ԽԽԭعϵˣҲѾ˾Զ֮ͷ
شʱ˿̱վԱߣ֪Լʱ˿Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪ԼҪʲôҪʲô飬ֻܳĬԶԡ
һ䣬Ӳ̫ãԲòѾˣҶӲǸϣҲһܹá
ؾô
ǰǰ峤ȥɣһû
¶ġ
ҾҲһܹɺá
ԶԶԣһƾʲôǴӵĴ峤

ţͷβضû˵
峤̾ϢһԵĻôҲ룬֮ǰĽ˵ҪѹϺӡ
ǣ˴峤ô꣬ǴӲǴ˻ǺӶǸʲô峤ĲãʧְˣԼܱȵʱ˴żŭǿ
Դ峤һκֹܼ˴ҵۣô԰̨֮վſڸߴң峤Ҫ
ز֪ôֳܾñȽǺĽʱĿ֮˸̨
û˭ʶĽġ
Լ᳤ƯһУҽ
˵вļһصȴûܸгĶ󣬶ĽĽ֮ҪŶĽǸǮ
Ǽ鷢֮ǻΪĽ⵽ıƫƫûС
Ǽ˲ٴҴмǴĽͶ
Ǽ˹
ҺãĽ࣬صŮʵҵ뷨Ҿܹ˵ͨϾɣҵһˣǴ峤үүôΪ˴࣬˴ҲȥϢҲ˵ȥһ£ҵµڣҵòõĻ̨Լѡô
㿴ңҿ㣬һ֪峤ڵ顣
ƺҲֻˣϾ峤Լ̬ȲҪ峤Ľ˵˼ˣ ǲôľĲȥ
Ǻôκģر˴峤λӡ
˵ԼκվŵĲﶼԼΡ
ݺݵԼһ¡
ۣ
˵ġ
ˣĵ˴峤
ʱ˵Լʲô˼ǽᡣ
վŵˣһԼˣһԼŮ
峤˵ע£ֱӰѴӡ¸أҲǴȨĸ
Ľ๴ŴһĻϵЦشˡ
δá
ǰ;ܹ
Ľ࣡
ĽԼı仯ͱǰ峤š
ЦеظԷкʮ㡣
峤үү
峤ڰ֡
ѾǴ峤ˡԲôңֻҪһ£֮ǰ˵黹
˻ǵĿضĽࡣ
Ľü䣬ǳǳ˿Ǹող߻һȨˡ
ȻȨֻһССĴ峤ѡ
Ҳ㹻ǰ峤ľ
񲻹Լ̨Լ׵λ
Ժأ
ˣֻôľޣ
벻Ҳ룬ģֻҪԼӱúһ㣬ٺһ㡣
峤үүģ˭峤Ҷæġ
峤Ϣ뿪
תͷ˰Χŵأ
һĨ֮ɫ
Ľ˵Ļţ˭峤æϾҲţæĲص㣬һ
Ȼǣǰˣǰɳ̲ϡ
ʱڻ㱵ط֣Լˡ				

331

峤һ·įػ˼ҡ
ϰ濴ֻһģ÷˼
Ȼ㲻ԸſĻΪʲôҪλøأҪ˵ֻҪһ첻ɿڣ˭Ҳûа취λϸȥ
峤ǺȻ֮ʮһήҡ
ԣƵ̾Ϣһǵ͸ŷ쿴˹ȥ
棬С󣬱ϵĵط
֪ܲ˵ĻôǣҲĲôҿҲĴ峤ʲôҶԵǵô
峤ϰ˾Щ˿Ǵûи˵
ǽò˵˿ڣȻ֪ࡣ
أˣ
˵ÿʵͽģȻǴˣҲûʲôڸУҲΪЩغͲŮߣռҺʹ߶
һͷɻˣʲô
峤ǺһЦ˵ЩѾЦ⣬ЩԵá
ذ첻صŮ첻
ŮŮܸֻһŮ޶ѣʱ򻹲Ҫ˵ģ
峤ЦһԼڴϴĽСóһȼݺݵһڡ
Ҳһֱ˵ͷʶ̣һ־տҽСżٿǮëǮһ¶С˵Ľ㲻ȫ˻ŵǸС
峤һ
Ľൽ˴֮ǰҲһֱ˵ӻ˸УҲúÿһдϢˡԼȥƣӻǰ˵Ǹе޵ŮŸӻҴʲô߲ѣĽĶأüһûţȴһѶ
֮ǰûȥռҲ֪ռ֮ǰ˵Ǽͽıڣٽȥ˵ģ̣֮ǰȥϿʱľ֣ÿ̵ʱһ۵ı顣֮ǰռľƣ֪һƿǮô
峤ϱЩκǸСǸģȻô
һƿƣʮ鼸ʮ顣˵˵ܹЩó˵ˣܲô
峤ϱγײ˵ˡ
ƺҲûбҪٷˡ
ûʲô塣
֮ǰĽǸң˵ҪҰһѣȻѹһҵʱӦˣҲûа鵱¶Ǻ˱仯Ĵ˺ӶʲôӲƶѪЩҲȷҸˣݣǲҲȷ֡ȻҲ֪˵ƶѪʲôҲšƭˡ
·ɣ
ǣҲǡһԼĹⲻȥһҲǱȫԼ棬ڵʱڼǵʱûһҲΪǼҵЩǡ
Щ飬ǼЩʲôϵҲ˼ҾǺӼ̳˸׵λӡʱλ˵ܸۺӡ
峤ʾ֮Աǡ
ǣܹصסôһƵ־ʰˣңҾ峤˵Ĳʲôǻʲôôưɣ
ʱռҲ˵ڡ顣
Ľ࣬Ҫ峤ҪҰʲôô֪ģҶϤ
Ľ࿴һĪչأЦҡҡͷ
ҪϤֻҪһ£ΪͨҪʲôҪʲôҪʲôȻҪ취ЩҪС
ܼ򵥡
ǣ͹ѡٵʱ򣬴Ҷȥ˵˵һԼ̨֮ʲô飬ҴʲôҪҪǰΪʵ
Ҫʲô
üĽࡣ
Ҫǿ
Ľ֮ǰ˵ȫ˶ҪٵƶѪء
ĽЦѡ
˶ƶѪӲҲƵ򣬲Ǵ󲡣̨ĵһǺһ𿴲Ļʮ˾ŸıɥĲ
ҵĲȷҪƣһ㣬ʵںǮˣǮΣǮֲ֮ͻ᲻ҩʱ峤ҪţȻҴʵ棬ôҴϿϣ
زǸĲһԼ֪Ҫİڳһҳģ
ʵѯĽԼҪʲô
ʲôȻҪѸڴ֮ǰǴӵĵ
֮ǰûµʱѾȥһȻ󣬵ïʢֳĶ
е㲻װɣ
ûʲô׵İҸһȥ
ΰڣĽ಻Ҳǰײãңȥ֮ΰҲĲ˼ˣʵԼһʣֵҴôһġ				

332


ؾĽ˵̫ˣôһأ˵ҪҪˣ
Ŀô򵥵ĻѾҪˣ
ο峤ϵ˸棬Уӷ˼γͻǴͶȣͲ֮ˡ
Ľ˵ƶҲһԵ̬ȣڶ˴漸ԼһȥҴ塣
Ҵ˾˼ķܺͷչ˶ͷһмģ
ã
ߣ˵ҾҰΪ˭ڷĶϸҹӣ˵˻һ档
û뵽ԼȻǰһСŭüһҪ֡
û뵽ǣ˱֡
Ȼ󣬸ոնسԲѷ˲ѨѾ롣
̫⡣
ʶȥԼĲӣȴΪϵԣĽ水˰ʱ۵˺ѷεأŭȴԼܷ
ĽɴЦ
ԼĻͺúûȥϴϴҪﰭۡУһ䣬Ķ
Ա߸ոտһĻҪæˣ񿴵ż޷˵ˣ˼æתͷȾܡ
Ľ࿴ԷĶ̲סʼ磬ǰһѶԷϵȡ
Ľ࣬ڲȥô
ѹ
Ľҡҡͷ
û¶ǰһСô𽵹ȥˣҲ֮ǰ
ˣھӦȣ
ŵļСӿĽһ־ʧٲ뱻һ֮Ų˵ģ۾ġ
ģ
ʵ֮ǰûΪܹҪһʲô뷨Ͼ˵ʱ̫ˣҲϰˡ
һֻѹһֱȦ棬ԺٴӵĸӣԼѾˣΪʱĹ뷨ÿ찲شһֱ
ǣԱʲôģߴ̼ĶڣջŻвŶԷ˼·
Ľ࣬ͳе
һĻ֡
һǰߡ
ȷдҪģԼոաϡµĴԼһ󶼱žܾ̬ȣ˵ʲôоڵ֮ġ
Ǿ飬ÿ궼ڵ鲻ôʲôҪģ
ҸҲǴӵɽġ
˲ݣλȡ
Խò׽ӵ˴Ϣ˵Ҫ̴¡ܷŹ᣿ǰɱȥ˼ȽƯСôúõ漸죬û뵽ŵһ鷳
һΪһΪҪڡ硱ǰչʾһԼúõذѶԷѵһ٣˭֪ԷȻĽࡣ
ΰĶ
ĽҲû뵽ܹϴͶˣû뵽ԷվһϤӰ
ܶԷѾŬҪԼҲѾ˶Էݡ
ոգӳ˾ߵ죬ȴЩ˻һһΰݣոʲôɫԶ׼
Ľ۾ոһոպ
ݵһ
ãá
Ӧãûϳɣ
ϾԼĽҲûܶ棡
ͣﰲοԼǱѾ˵
˵һأҪҪʵУǴԾ˼ҵҧŲɿڡټԼվһ硱ΰδԼá
һȻҪȥҿᣬԼһһմ塱İĽһҡ
Ƕ˲ǵˮõģڵģò֪뿴֮˵ΪԼأ
Щʳ֪ζ
ûпԼ󼸸СӶԼͶľ޵񣬵ԽԽζ
õһݴȫԼŮ
մ壬ģ첻ôһҪɲɡ
Ǻһ£˽ʾѾۼϣҪȥ
Ľţġ硱һûһ˵Ż
ΪΧڣЩ˵ĺޣ̫ࡣ
ĽҲӶԷ϶Ļܽĺչ
ݡ硱˼ոǴˮˣΰ˹֧Ԯˡ
֮ǰ˵鷳飬Ѿô
Ǻǣ˵Ǽ鰡ѾĲˣʵҲһѡ˵ʲôıԴҶæҲҪæˣ
ҲǣæǼĻһûа취ֹæµЩ顣				

333


Ľͷ̧ͷɨոһۣȻոսŵע£ص˵ͷ
ΰߵˣ
ոˣĽҪԼսսĵ˵ͷ
ǣǵġ
Ľüãеء
ʲô˼ҺܿôֻҪһ㻰ѡ
ոɽͰͣͷѾкˮ
˵
Ѿ뿪ôˣΰڼ֮ǰ˵ҪݷҰĻǼٵôΪ͵㶫͹ˣ˭ϡô
硱ԭոյıЩ֣Ͼ
Ľһ൱Ůˡ
ǵĽ仰˵֮ϷԼɻ
Ů˶ԣȻˣ
ոݺݵһСػش
磬ڼװ·˵͸ĸסһҲ֮ǰļסίˣ
ո˵Щʱ㵸
ǲ֪沼õĿɺÿˣǵƣôһƣˣ͸һУǸ˵ܹģС
ոʵһݳģҲһĸ̾
ʱΪ˽ΰרȥǼҵķƣĺÿ
Ҳܹ
ĽЩذڰ֡
ˣ˵ˣ˭ҪװˣǲҪһסͲǨһңȥǼסɣ
Ǹ硱ӵĽ̲࣬סĿࡣ
ΰôϲһŮˣ
˵ǷĹã
ҲǣȻôᱻŮΰϣأ
˵ΰΪŮ˺óʱ䲻Ůˣ
ӣԺ˵ΰúһ£Ҳǰ취԰ɣ
Ľ಻鲻Ըص˵ͷ硱Թΰ̫֡
൱
ؿźսȻͬŮԼ
ûϹ
ԼŮʲôʱӣ
̫࣬Ѿһš
ѭ˹ȥͼվڿյϣΧȫǶڵϵĴһлੲʲô
Ľ߽һ
ǵĵطƾʲôǣ
ǰǰǰܸǲܸ
Ǵôͷ˵Ļô죿ʲôòҪʳɣ
Ҳܣǲܸ

ĽվԱ΢ЦֻһĨЦЩصġ
üͷ
ôǲԸ̰̰ϰô
붫ʱɿ̧
ɫ
ǲҪһͲˣ˭Ļ˭Լ峤Ӳˣ
˵ֱ֮߳˰ΧȦ
ߵߵʱĽЦһžžžع
ͬ־ûȥĵӰίˣһϷĵòҸһٷ֣㽾
ϵıЩΣ׾ֱΡ
ҲˣǲøǷģ峤ˣҲǰѵ³ġ
Ľüͷ
⻹Ƥģ
ôŲһ֮ǰҾ˵峤ڴ˵һġһȻԹʵ
ˣҲѡ
Ľתͷ򡰴硱
λͬ־ǲǶ峤Ҳд֪
仰һֱӱ
ʵַĽ͡硱ǰãʱк¶Ļôһ𷢲ơ
ңҲʵԼһС˼
Լ峤û˵ĻĽȻǷԼһ飬ĽΰһϵƣĽǷҲΰǷˡ
ʲôȻҪԼ
û뵽ĽྐྵȻԼ˼һ²˾׼
ҲʱĽ֮ĵ˲٣˼ΰҲᱻĽȦסɣ
Ľסš
һĳִĻӰǾ޴ġ
һˣһС켣峤㹻ó⻹ҪΰòǮ治Ůˣͷβδá
ۡ
Ľ֪֮ˡ
Ľ֮ⷬԼҲæڡ
ͬ־´磬ǶˡողֻһЦѣһأ˵͸˵Ǹʲô뷨
˵꣬תͷһԼڡʦһˣԷ˵ͷϳڶ˹ȥ
ӣԷʾͬˡ
Ľ⡣
һ˺ȻǶѾ˴ǹս
һܵ׼ˣȻôŪˣ
ô
ĽɲܶԷô룬˺һ֮Цеغ뿪ˡ
ߵʱ򻹲ոջͷȥһ
ոͷ󺹣ĽЦһ
ҲŲΰڼкú˵˵У׼˵ԵõģͷҸΰȥ
Ļûɻ				

334ƽ

ƽ
ոͷ󺹵ؿĽ뿪źݺݵһ
棬ˣ
ողһ㣬Ľ˵һֵĻ˵ԼһСûˡ
ոոոշ񣬾Լӹһٵʱ򣬺Ȼ˶ߴ˴
Ľʶ
ով㵵תͷ˹ȥݺݵһڿˮæҡͷ
ʶ
ɺԼΰСܣ˵ԼʶƺҲ̫ãֳϻ̳Ͽֵصͷ
ʶ
˵֮æһ䡣
ʶʶҡһͬ־Ǻһģһ档
¹ؿոһۡ
úúͬ־ùϵ˵
һеĵλһ㡣
ոԣмظԷлֱĵĻҪǮӡ
ҲԼĽùϵ
ûΰ飬ֻĽԼһѣҲжĥɱ¿
ңĽ࣬̾ˡ
ôһСﾹȻΰйϵ֮ǰڽΰϵʱΪĽֻһͬͬյŮ˶ѡ
ȴ˵ʱĽţ弸СӰΧˡ
Ҿýһֱ˼
ʲôʱôˣҸոջǵǸһ˵ǿ鳤ݵأ
Ǹոտף֮ȫΪĽࡣ
һ򵥵ǶǵĻȻòˣ
ʲô漣
Ա˵·ҲЩͬͬţãȻ֮໹Щ΢΢ĽԺС
ģΪһ飿
ԾĽ˵ģֻҪҪΪ飬֮Ϳԣ
һ˲䣬Ļ
ƺ峤Ҳʲô¡
ϴ峤ˣû취Ϊķչռ䣬λʲôô
һ·ϣؾ˼Щˣȵ˴汻żĴΧʱŻȻ
أô
ǰǰ峤㾡˵ûµġԷҪġ
ʵ㲻ʲô̫ϣҲǸ˵ġ
ȥСı㡭
ȻȻݸҡҡͷ
ûôѣ峤Ǻܺܽ
ġǲȥ˵һ£峤ͬˣ
ɴ˶ڣӣ˵ԻǲûصĻ
峤Ҿ㲻绹Ǹϴ峤ɣϾ㲻ǴˣҲûʲô顣
ҲǣС㶼ã㻹ô
УС飬ʲôС飿ԼȥԣҪأڴϻʳҪĹүү

ڳֲݣһֱصļ˲ˣڻ֮ǰǾͶλʿӭӻȥǵΪȴˣ˭ܽܵˣ
˭˵ûҪأ
ǰֻ˵ûҪ
ǿǸ˭ǲ峤Ѿ˹ȥˣǸţ峤Ǵ峤ǰƨһ£һһһؽŸ
˲赹ˮ
ɲô߻û˵ҪأǱ߾˵˸Ǹ峤ˣҲðѵظǡ
׼ȷ˵Ǵ峤
ûд峤Ļ˵Ļᰤ򣬵д峤ţ˭Ұ
ԣ㿴ңҿ㣬ԭء
ʲô
дһĨЦ⣬ҰתʱְԼո˵Ļظһ飬˵˼ǿԼӣ峤壬ΪƵԵʡ
ǿɵһء
Ǹɵӣصɵӣ
壿
ƣ
ǰ˭ô˵һǺһ
ؾȻĴ˲õ°ѵشˣ˵ʲô
û˻ȥ⻰٣ϾؾǶ
ʱ˵˼ٻԺ󱻲˻ôԲ
һͷˮҷǳ˿ʼ׷
˾ô̼ǳһһ˵ϸڣȻ滹һЩŵĳɷ֣շȣߣǼ˵ҪһԷֻա
Ľ࿴ЦеΧһĲ˼ҡ
˰ɣ
ҡҡͷε̾Ϣһ
ģǳŲġʲôˣ˭֪̬Ⱥã޷ǿϡǸ˽뻢ıƤĽ࣬Ҳﲻʲôֻƽƽͺá
Ľһ㶣ȻжسŲ˹ȥصذ˱һѡ
Ƕƽƽġ
仰ʵոյռ֮󣬱				

335¹


ոҪĽԼԭ򣬵ȴֱӱĽ˻⡣
֪ʲôҲ֪ǵĴ㡣֪ˮʲô飿ΰôˣ
ΰûгµĻһĵ˳䵱ΰĸԵס
ոεؿһĽ࣬Цҡҡͷ
б
ĽüͷζŨ
ˣ
ã㲻˵˵ֻҪͷҡͷǣɣ
ոüһصͷӦ¡
ΰ±ץˣ
ͷ
ıץˣ
Ľһ£Լûж֣ͱץ

Լ֮ǰιЩҩ˷ˣ׼˺þá
Ϊ׼ЩҩҲҽԺôá
ʵڵѾˣĽʱ䣬ΪʱҪһҩԼ߱˸дССҽԺûС
ҽԺУǺŪ
ҲΪʲôҪҽԺʩ룬ΪʲôҪΪҽԺҩ׳ΪʲôڿԶȴҪҽӣ޷Ҫõҩѡ
ΪԼǻ˭
ڣ
ᡣ
ֵĻΰɣϵͳϵͳ֮Ҳиңһ飬оֱӸطġ
ˣ

ΰݺְҵעгһ˽½бֵ֡
ϾҶкʷ

С˾ˣ
̫ܣϾѾԤڣӹѾˡ
С˾ԼûǸ
ڣֻʣһˡ
ǹͣ
նаա
ոճһҲڲ֪龹ȻǹǸ˴ٳɵġ
ĽྐྵȻµˣ
ǲǹ͸˵
ĽЦ
ô
ңǧټƵشٳԼһˡС
ֲΰԼǰģ;ûпһ
ֲùͻȻ˸ԼôһǮȴԭΪ
Ľ˵Լʲôζ
ЩˣЩϲãЩɬ
ζӳ£൱ӡ
ǹ»û֪ΰߵˣ
ո֪ĽൣĹͣԼҲ˵̫ࡣ
ģͬ־µġ
Ľŷ뵽ҴüĽš
ҲǴʲôʱҲʲôʱ㡣ǣص㲻Ҵ塣ҺΰĹϵҲ֪Ǹ飬
ĸ׿ܻˡҲ
ոһࡣ

ĽȻЦһ
ȻĻУǸˣСһ㣬ǱϿô򵥡
ĽҲڽȻԭǰļһش󰸼
µ˲ɾ
ֻǣʱѾ˸۳ǣĳԼڵؾ첢ܰôʮ꣬ϻʱ˴
ʱ¶ĲҰ˴Ŀġ
˵
Ҳֹһ֪ôҧһڵʱ᲻ɫͣȻ·ӽʱ򣬶Էᳯֱ
˹ȥݺݵҧһڡңһ
ˡ
ĿĲݡ
Ϊ˴ԼĿʲô鶼ó
ոɫ
ͬ־ո˵ĻһϼӳġУ˵ҸΰĶ
Ľ룬ԼһЬһ˫ոա
˫ЬȥɣǸΰģǸġ
ոտеЬӣȻЩĽˡ
ҲһӸԼǸĽ͹һһֶŮеȣȴ֪˲ûѪԵϵ
ûѪԵϵôģ˵ĹϵԶ
ĬĬԲһ빷һڸոһӵ뿪ռҡ
Ľתͷͱһεĸĸȥ̵˰Ρ
ذոյĻڲһ飬֪Ľոûʲôϵ֮ŷһġǶĽԼٺúÿһ¡
ûмΰҲܹЩǡ
ĽݸһЦ
һϢҺΰ̫ˣ
Ȼ뵽ĽҴ˵Щʱüͷһ壬ŭɱڡ
ǲǸСʲô㲻˵¶ȥ
Щεذ³
ʲô˼ĽողǻĽСƭôڷֿã
дʡ
Ľֿһ¶Ľ࡭Ҳ
ܡĽ࣬˵ǸСҪʲôԲס飬ȥ
˵䣬ѾûһѸͷ˸űʡ				

336²

ĽǸжǿЦá
Ǹĸɣ
׵άǹһ֪ԼҪȥɱˣòǰѵӲǰѵĥһȡԼһ

˵ʵҲ̫׼ȷ
ģӦñá
Ҫɱ˷Ż֮ǰԼȰԼҪˣԼմϰ鷳
һϢԼ֪
Ҫġһᴦãǵĵġ
ڸ飬Ҫؽ̫֪࣬ԽԽȫ
滹ЩģȴΪ࣬òԼȫͶȥ
Ϊ˻ЩˣĽĴҵ˲ٴڸС
䣬û֮󣬹ˡ
һ죬ƽʱһĽŲںԺźԺ˵ĲˣתͷͼһϤվԼ󣬿ԼĿЩ֡
ĲǺܶе˼Լһûͣͦġ
֪Ǽ֪֮ͣ;ڼЩʲô
λͬ־ǡ
ĸãǹ͡
ﲻɵɴ۾ŵĿǰˡ
Ǹ˵еĹͣ
˴ϵ£ִµϺúÿһ֮һ
СߴͦΣü㣬Ҫһ˫۾񣬿Ͳֲŵˡ
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Ľ壬ԼֳӵĲĸ
ĽҲЦˡ
壬ɵô裬ýд㡣
ʵǹģЩæŰԼЩ̾ƾƱǮȻûעĽߣһֱոջȥ֮˫Ьͻؼ֮Ҳ಻סĽ飬һƱ˳һ·ֱ
治Ǹ˽С㡱ģֻֻֻԼ룬ζ˵
ǵģ㡣Ҹոտܻˣеۡ
ͺǿسһĨЦ
Ľ๴Ͳһ£ͻȥϢһ¡
û˲ĸ޼ɵشԼߵŮ
òһֱЦݣƺ˵Եб֮ǰ˼֡
壬壿
Ľ˰ΣûзӦæתͷ˹ȥͼĿڵ
գһͷˮ
ôˣǲǺࣿ
ǣո˵մˡ
ĽЩ˼
ͼæҡͷ
ࡣϴθǮôٸ
ĽЦõؿŹҪͿڴæ
壬Ǹﰡ֪֪ϴθҶǮŲ̶̼ʱ䣬ôꣿ
ȴǲܣִֵذԼڴеǮ͸Ľࡣ
㹻Ļšұš
ĽûΪѾǰһǮˡ
ʮǮƤһһģعƣһһǧȻ͸Ӹطѳʮ
Ǿһࣿ
Ľ಻ûмǮҲ׬ôǮһֱţҪĲǮ
ҪΪǮˣǮū
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һʲôǮ죬ȻΥΪ졣
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˵׬ǮҪϱģѾǮĽ࣬ԺĽǲǾԼϱˣ
Ľ෢ֹڷ
ڹǰ˻Σ˻
ôˣ
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Ľ⣬ЩĽĲΣԼһʱ䷢˵һ飬Ҿַġ
ĲЩģΪΰҵٴζԺǶ֣ҪһԽΰ鷳㲻Ҫ
СĿԼĹͣĽһЦ
Ҿһֻĸϻô棬Ҿһͨ񾭲壬лл㡣ллΪһС
ЦеĹͷԼϵһǮ
ģűţʲôʱȢϱʲôʱ㡣
󻹶ͣԺҪˡ
׬ǮǣеĿеĲ
;һʦСѧһĽġ²ͣصͷ
̬ȺܳϿңϴܵλ
˲˴ӺԺͼһĻʱЦ
˵ദģʽǵȷ
˻˻⣬˹ȥ
Ľ࣬Ҿͦʺϵʦġ㲻ϹôҪҪʦ
Ľ಻ײΪʲôô˵Ǿܾˣɺܳ֡
ҸʦѧҽʦѾûˣҪҽȥҷ󡣡
ǼĽһưͣһ˵ģԼæͷ
ҲűʾĽһܹ
ĽЦõؿǣҪ˵ʲôͼ漱Ҵҵسһˡ
ոգ
ˣ				

337Խ

Խ
Ľࡰڡһ£վӣҴҵسŶԷ͵Ľš
ˣʲô飿˭йأΰ
֪һô׾ôȥˡ
ףһ컹ˡ
ȻĽû´
Ľ࣬ϲʶһˣˮҶӡ
Ľüҡҡͷʵôʶΰˣ֮ǰΰҲҩ˵㲻ױ˲Ķѡ
ոһĪչʱ򣬹ͷɿشӺ׷ϡ
ʶ
Ϊ˻ΰǲ˲ٹΰ
飬ΰйϵ˵֣
Ǹ˽ӣߴԼһ壬ͶʮߣС
ո۾ؿŹ͡
û뵽һ塣
ΪûǣЩ飬ӹһ٣Ƕû뵽һò۵˾ȻܹΰԽҾǵ˵飬ƺӴˡҲڽϣҵõϢ˵֪ͨȡ֯һס֮Ҿƺ̫ã͸Ͻ˽ˡȥ֪顣
Ľ˲һ䡣
ΰĻȻ֪ոյʵݣԼ֮ǰΪոմڻ˵ԼҲΣա
ĽԼǲ£ǵԼĵ
飬Щɻؿѯʾô¶Ľ಻˵ֻ̫֧֧࣬˸ȥ
֪ԽԽΣա
ǲ˲ţոսԼĽæŰĽˡ
͵Ľ£ԼҲʾҪһȥ档
Ľ໹ǲ̫ļ˵Ҫȥ֮ٹȥ
֪飬ȴ֪ܲ
һ֮ʲô飬ʱӦԡ
ӶҹˣȴûмصӰ
մ᲻ȥϻȥˣ
Ľüҡͷ
ᡣ
ȥϵĻٻǽһûʲôҪĶһΣҲ˵ûиǣǴ澭ļҲ֪
ս㣬ս㣬ҪҸ
Ľãʱ򣬴һСкűײײ˹Լеֽݸ
Ľһɫ˲һ䡣
æӣס͵Ск
ⶫĶŪģ˭ģ
СԼͣæڡ
һеģ˵ǵֻҪ͸ǳԡ
˵֮СشԼڴһǷģ۵سĽ˾١
ս㣬ô
ĽǿعǣԴҪڻؼҡ
Сı뿪֮ĽŰеĶݸ˹ǡ
Ľ࣬ǰ㲻ɣ
ոհ仰һ֮Ȼ׹
ΰ
ΰ˭
ĽеŭԽԽʢû£ǧҪԼļ˶֡
ϱûм˵һӼ˾ۡ
ۣ֮
ĽȭͷͼոתͷҪ뿪
ҵûȥһˣǡȻҡ
ûпгӾѾĹ͸ק
ֵתͷ͡
ﰡѵûпֽдʲôôĽĵΰŪˣǸ׼˵
Ҫʲôأ֣û취
תͷĽࡣ
ĽҲǺ͹һ뷨
㲻ȥ
׻˵ǽӼҧˡ
ΰѾͶ·ˣΪ˻ȥΪ˷йԼŭʲô鶼ɵó
һҪˣɱһ׬һɱ׬һ˫
һ׮ô
У
Ȼز׵ɱĲ˵ĲҪõöࡣ
ػһӣ̰ĵʲôҪòʲôˣôðգ
ԣողȥ֣һҪԼһȥΰ
ոĽĽ飬һ˲ֱӵԲ۾

ˣ
ɱĽģڡ
Ľ˵ֱ֮ӱʾԼҲҪȥ
壬
Ľ໰û˵꣬ͼҡͷɫᶨ
ҵ㣬Ҫȥ
һոա
㵣Ĳĸոңչһ¡
ոҭ
ԼȥɵԼˣ
ιǾ죬ǲ̫ˣҡ
òҪˣĻ˭ٳ֣˭ܣ
һ仰ոһЩԥ
ǰ죬ŵʱ򻹸˵ȥޡ
ҲԥļڣͺĽѾ߽ռңһȥ˸ڵҴ塣				

338ôܿ

ʹĽΪʲôҪҴ壬ҲĽ྿ʲô̾Ȼֱȥˡ
Ͼĳ嶯Ϊ˿ͷ
ҴĴ紦ĽȻתͷ͡
壬ڷڻü
û˵ֻǱᶨĿĽࡣ
Ľҧҧ
壬Ҳһΰ֮ǰӽҾҪȥβûκãȻҶҡͲһˣ㡭
֪ҶʲôԼҲ֪ԣڣᰲȫһ
Ľ࿴˹Ͱ֮صص˵ͷ
á
һ¶ġ
͸ĽҴ壬޷ˣ岻ݴǣǸʧҹĽܲȥԼһ㡣
빲ΪĽ࣬ʲôԸ⡣
ҡ
ռĽţسĽЦЦ
˵ѻôţȴԭҪϴεҿǼǵأڣҵúú룬Ҫôܱϴҵĳ𡣡
˵ܼܵǼƺĽʲô˻ˡ
ִĽҪʱѾʼˡ
úúóЦĽһѡ
Ľ๴ǣ̯Լơ
һ̫˸ȹʡ
ô֪ÿ죬ȽϿ졣ûиЩǺúùͨһ£˵ʱʹɣ
ԣĽǾŭ
ĽĻԼôˣ
ɵףΪ£Ըŭԡ
䣬ű˴򿪡
Ǹֻһֻ۾˵ĸоһֻŭʨһ˾¡
ҪߣĽԱЦ
㣬߰תͷҵδʲôĻԸ˵ȫȨ𡣡
˵꣬ĽЦеؿһĿΰ
ΰ㲻᲻˰ɣϾҵˡ
Ľ˵¾ǲ֪ΰʲôЦŪްŪٵģ
ΰ˸£صͷ
ǣ
ûֱͶ֣Ľ˲١
ʲôʱģôҵġҸ˵֮ǰҵ˵飬ҵɲ̫ѺáϾ̫֮ˡǵż
Ƚһ£ضΰ߶֣ΪΪ֪ΰΪ
ΰͷߴĽתĽϡ
ͣ
͵ͷ
ҼǵǼ
ͦ۵ġ֮ǰСˣ
ûͬ־ͨı죬֪ذô̾ƾƻ˶˷֡
ͽֵǸĻҲӹҵ۾ʧش󡣡
ͿһĽࡣ
Ľϵúá
Ľһã̬
ǸǾ˵ʲôôʲô
ΰüͷ
Ҹ㽲һ£˺
Ľ°һ̧һɵģ
ȻģҲ˭塣Ļôܿ
ôܿ
ôܿ
ôܿ
֪Ľ˵Ļܲ˼仰Ĺͻǲʼӿ
㰡㲻ΰĻΪĻӦŶУСܸ˫ЬյôҵһЬӣе㲻ã㲻Ҫ
˵֮װͰ͵ĵŶԷ
˵һĻңңǾͲҪˣ
͵ͷԼϵ˫Ьӡ
֪Ľ˵Ļֻǳ滰ֻΪ˲ΰɶѣΪʲôԼ滹ģ
˼׳´һ㣿
ΰؿĽΣЦһĪĿһ۹͡
ѵĹûи߹㣬ǲܽˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ˷͵ԣһ˿ڣĲһᶾ
ĽࡰһǡԾ˵ⷬǡԾⷬ;Ȼ֪
壬ô֪Щģңǰ飬Ժû˰
˵֮֡Ȼŭظΰ
֮ǰǶѾ˵ˣϰĶúõشɾôĸɾΰѾʮˣô飬Ӧò˰ɣ
ΰȻЦһ֡
ݵòҾȥĸӰԿݵúá
Ľһɲɫ
Ϊ˵Ҿԭ㣿֪֪Ϊ˵ҵ

ͺȻһЦָָԶǽǡ
˵ĵָô
ĽȻתͷǱ߿˹ȥɫ˲䡣				

339һ·

һ·
ǽǴر廨ϣһȫѪۣϵ·Ǳ˺Ĳ񻰡
Ľսָ۾Ҳ𽥵
ΰ
ѵ֪ôϾҶǴˣڻװģͲˣ
Ľ򴽰꣬һ£ǿסԼڶı塣
ȻѾ֪ˣǾûʲô˵ˣľҪעһôô֪ģȥ·һ
ɲôһ·ѡô
Ľͷ
У
ΰĽ֮Ҳ÷˼
飬ѾûκתˣĽôЩ
ΪʱȾҿȷظ㣬еġ٣١
ĽĿһݣЩڹԼһ⡣
ΰǲˡ
㶼ʲô
ˣûһֶôô
ôɣ
ֻҪûˣҵĶӡΪʲôͬ⡣
Ʋġ
򵥵˵һ仰֮󣬴Ҳ̰ĵ֪ԼӦôѡ
ĲƲ͵λȻȹϴĸ߷ڣ֮á
ǹϲĸһӡֻǲ֪ǵĶõЩǮ֮󣬻ôĸĸסϾϣԼ˭סΪ֪
Ľ䣬ΰЦһ
Ѿûˡ˭ס㣬
˰ҳ˼ָṩ˵طұ㹻֤ôҪ˵ΪǮû취ֻʣǮˡ
ΰУĽҧҧ
˵գҪôܷŹҵ
ΰָָ͡
ɱҾͷ
Ľ಻˵ΰЦŴԼĿڴóһǹ׼ǽǵˡ
Ҹʱ俼ǡҪ磬Ҫĵ
һĶѾɤ۶
磡
ǰôû֣ΰôôɰأ
˵ĻһһԼ͡
仰һ˲䣬Լʱ˿޺ˡ
ɵΰʱٲϾĽ໹ûаȫ
Ҳѡġ壬ҵļˣҵ
Ҳҵļˣ˭ѡġ㣬һ·㣬ĲҪô
ĽƶΰҲ
ģô
ʵ̫ȷΪĽϵı̫ˣңһ㲻ϣôһֵ档
ϾܹŵĻ˭
ȻҲôһ仰š
ҲܱšɣԼжϣ
ΰվԭشĽΣȻָվԱߴľգָĽࡣ
㣬ȥ
տҪſˡ
ԭͺֲܿһֻ۾ϻе̣Щ顣
ȻҪ
ݺݵһڿˮѵһŲȥ־֡
ΪΪʲôҪʲôûС
Լ·ڴͣ˼ԡ
ôĳϣĽྐྵȻûסЦˡ
ΰҲĥĥ
˵Ҫȥ
Ľ̹̹ſ˸첲ɶԷ
աŶһ˷ܵĹĽ࣬Լ˺Ȼڡ
Ҫ롣
ɴӱ˿Ľһļܡ
ʱҪȥİ취ûҵŵˡ
һԼ֣ٿĽࡣ
Ǹûɣ
ȻһСסԼ֣Լզ죿
ɻĽ࿪ڣ;ԼһʲôסԼıȻǵͳ
ܻᱻѵĻ
ھҪ
ǣջѡʵʵȥ
һ飬ʲôûС
ղаЬ׶͸ɾˣŲĵذЬֻ硣
ڣô
ǣĽո˵껰ֱ֮ϳ˼š
ҲûߣôվĽಽĸš
ΰЦһмؿ˹һۣû໰ѯĽ྿ô¶
֪۳ǰɣ
ţ
ô

ݣݣ
ݣݣ²ɣ
ΰЦ
ңƾʲô㣿
Ľҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҪңֻҡϾ֮⣬ûܹȵ㡣
ΰĽڡ
ң֪ҵġԹģҺûΪҵҲл㣬Ļû취ôװĲǡ
ԣҪݣȻٸһ·
Ľ֮ǰ飬ƺĶԹҲмѭ				

340˲Ų˵

˲Ų˵
ΰġ
׻˵ա
֮ǰΰһҪѩޣҪǸۣԼҲ·һ˼ɣԼôôȻһׯǺȻʼ
Ľΰı仯ֱ뿪
У
ΰ˵ֱӷ
нףԼˣԼһУҪԼչ˸ĸ˽ƭ֮Ͱ˸˳ȥҪԼǣǡ
µˣڷ뿪ĻԼļƻҪй¶ˣʱ˵Լ뿪ȲŹԼ˾
Ƴһɫףգ
ס
ҲǣҸ֮ˣϣܹ˱ܵģҲֻˣҿɲǣ֮ٴô㡣ڣҪҰ˰ô
ΰһԱվŵĹͣҡͷ
ˣԼ
ʱ֪ΰҪԼʲô ҵҡͷʾҪɱԼҲҪԼָԼߡ
֪ˣҲ˵ģʲô˵ġǣҺòãǷңʲô˵ġ
ĽεҡҡͷָָԱߵΰ
ͬ־仰˵ˡֿɲҵ棬ԲҪǣĻһԹԵ־ܣĻҲƤ֮ࡣ
Ľ಻˵ãһ˵γһ㣬Ⱦ塣
ΰö࣬ʱ
ǹֱӿ۶˰
ӵûдյϣߵĵϡ
ֻҲŵȷعڵϣսսĿΰӹ
ҵġ
ոյǹôһġ
ΰЦЦյ·ϳһ鲼ֱסյ͡
ģ֮ǰѾ˵κ飬ҪңҲµĲΪ֤Լף춼
Բ˭Ľ࣬¶
շԻΪźʵǣܽƱ˵ΰвʡ
Щǲֻ֪ýҴѡ
ȴɳ֮
ΰĽ͹ͻȥ飬ߵǰȴûпĹʹӿڴ
һĵӣӸ˵ɪɪա
ΰһֱڷĽ࣬ΪĽҽ̫ӣƫƫڹȴûôϣ£ѾڹһΡ
ǶԼ̫ģֻߣǶԼеǹ
Ϊǹ˸ӡ
˵ɣҪô
ΰ𵶵λһԼϵǹ
ʵܼ򵥣ź֤СһһԸ׼һݵͼһݿͨ۳ǵĵͼǱߣһڰĵطʺ㵽Ǳ֮ˮҪﵽһ߶ȣҲʱ⡣
Ҫô㣿
ŵĻ԰Ҵߵʡ
Ľ˵赭д˵д⣬ĹѾˮʪһƬ
ЩպޣԼΪʲôûֱŪ
ΰ᣿ҲЩԹֵЩǸʲôԵģһС¶첻ãľô
Դˣ൱
㵱ʣ
ΰ
Ľͷ΢Ц
ǰȻû˭ôĻһèɣҵĻ᲻һ
ΰۿĽΣҡҡͷ
Ȱѵͼҡ
ĽҪֽͱʣΰ͹͵ע¿ʼͼ
ʵֵͼǰ٣ʱΪ˿гߵ߱ȫľҲǰ쿼гҹ·
ԣ·ߣ졣
ΰ͹ͿĽһֱּ˾ޡ
ûв´Ļƺûȥ۳ǣ
ҲûȥϷɣ
Ľͷûԥػش
ǰûȥ˵ô
ΰ뵽ĽǸ˵ʦ˵ʦģ
ĽѧУѧġ
ѧĺá
˸˼ʱĽеͼѾɡ
ͼҵǿһ飬ӦòѾעߵ·ߣ㲻ǰ׳յĻһܵ
ΰӹĽݸԼֽţȵط֣ĺϸ
ﻻʲôӣƱӹ鶼֪ǡ߽Щ·档
Ρ
ĽЩΡ
ҪеܵĲôһҸ㣬ʲô
һֱû˵Ĺȴ˵ˡ
ңʡ				

341

ԼİСȥʣôã
ңΰĽ⣬·˼ҪĽʲôĽ޸֮Ӧ
硣
Ľʲôһ˿۵С
ñ
壬õġôҵȥ
Ľʹɫƫƫִֵرʾ˾ܾ
ˣΪβԻȥ
Ϳΰ
ҿԱ֤һ·ȥ۳ǡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ͿһĽ࣬תͷָ
Ľ巢ģĻú
վԱߵĽࣺ
޹
ΪɶҪ巢ģ
ΰ˵ĽƵ̾Ϣһ
ȻҪȥĻ˭ȥˣ
ͣ
ΰ
һ±ƵؿµĽ࣬Ŀ¶ɻ
ǲǺ֣ҾȻҴһ˹ʵʼʵֻһġֲִ
ΰһ⣬ϲɫѾսԼеǹڶǹڶ׼Ľࡣ
㻹ʲôƣ
ĽŬŬͣиָָָࡣ
ûзϾΣżʹ
ΰڱɫ
ģ
ԭΪ쳣Ϊھʱ䳤ˣȴԭĽදֽš
ҩ
ĽԼҩ
֮ǰѾ˿ҩģ
˲ҸҩɣʵտʼҩûеģܲɣҷһҩĽȥûвߣҸҩ֮塣
Ҫô㣿
Ҳûа취ʵӦøлһΪǹͽ֣һȥĲأĸҡ
Ľ࿴ΰɫڣϵЦһ
Ի⸣֮У֮Щʱ򣬻ҲһǴĻ¡
ָָϵĵͼ
ģ뿪ܻؼҼһ档ɱңɱҲû˺ú롣
ʵĽ֮ǰ˵ô࣬޷ڸΰһʱ䡣
һ޿ǿֲģΪûǣʲô鶼ó
ɼȻϣ˭ϣȥ
۳ǵʱ䣬Ƶͼʱ䣬ΰѾԼδˡ
ôտʼʱֹˮң
ΰ鸴ӵؿĽ࣬뵽һСôôĲأ
ҩأ
УҪôȷݵͼģ
Э
Ľ۵׻һĨϲɫȴɿ˹ȥ
ʵֻҪݣɵӣ㶼ȥģ۳ǣҸѡĸʺϵĵطѡ˵ҶԹ
ݣװɵӣӹļô˵Ҳаٷ֮ʮţοû֤ûDNA⡣
ô
ΰЦ
Թҩ
ǰҸҩûΪǿҼ޸㣬ҰҲûҰκ˲һΣΪ˺ˣߣΪҲҪٿ㡣
ΰ
ڽҩһ͵ǼңؼҾͿõʱ㷢ֽҩǼٵģҵ߻кܶࡣ
ΰվˡ
ϾĽ˵ûΪһ׵ĵԴԼүүܵܵĻһᷢġ
ΰѵͼϸϸĿ֮ĽһĨЦ
֡
ˣ壬ܲ鷳ǰǹùһֱңͦ˵ġ
Ͱûԥؾͳΰ˹ȥ
ΰۿĽԼϵ˵æȥǹȴԼָѾʹˡ
ҪŲָȴþûãֻκιͰǹߡ
ΰɫķŭ飬ĽȻЦҡҡͷ
˵㻹Ĳ֮ǰô©ôôû˵ҶԹҽ鷳Ұ㿴˲ȻҲϲĲǣ㶯ǣǿңҸҩֶҵôֻݣΣ
ΰҧǱ޲ðĽ̳븹
㾿ﶯֽţȥˣѵһ
Ľҡҡͷ
Ȼȴûϴְ
Ľ˫ϸָһԼָס
ʵŵ㣬ҲôһСĩѡ
ΰԼʲôʱУǸոŵͼʱ򣬾ע˽֡
۾ĽŪԼ
Ľҡҡͷ
һҽֻˣɱ˵ġҾһһЩʿǵġ
˵ţù͵ǹڵϿһǹ
֮ǹΰУȻίͰ͵سŹͿߡ
壬ոտǹҡ
С۾ͨ죬ίɷнµĳŲڵʵ
ȴ൱ϣֱ߹ȥקΰ·ӣսȭͷһȭһȭسҡ
ӣȻ
ţǵű߿				

342¼

ոΪ׵һȺ˳˽ȿĽ͹֮󣬺ݺݵһ
һֱȺŵսſΰĲ״ɡۡһ˳
ˣˣ
ˣ
Ľһͷߡ
ûֻǱλͬ־ιȥˡ壬ã㼰ʱϵǵĻ˵ǵҪˣ
λոһͷˡ
Ľ˵ѻΪԽԽ˳ˡ
ĽҪѹԼô˿أô˼
ƫƫţļһӦؿúã
ոգ
ЩˣĲô
һ¡
첻Լոմӷţôʲôʱִˣ
ʱû˸ЩҰֳס֮һȺ˷ֿһȥҽԺһĽࡢոһŻԲѵȥ֡
ȻΪ¼ĹϵҲȥ˾֡
·ϣոѯĽǾôŪεġ
Ϊ룿
֮ǰ˵Ľһܹ˵µӢ¼һֱü
Ľط˸ۡ
ˣȻ֪ΰô֪ܲһСŶѡ
ոաŶһΪʲôȥţץˡ
¡Ͼһǹô㿪һǹҲӰңҲƴģΪ˴ﵽԼĿģ׽㶼Ҫˣ
ĽΪʲôǵ˵һ飬ҵ˼ոնÿۡ
һãƽʱĸʲôһֱҪ÷磬Ҫꡣ
һιͲС˵԰ΰһһ򾡡
ոȴֹۣ˵Եôʱ䣬ǣû鱨ռҲãûһ֤ݣû취ץˡ
ĬĹָָǰСա
֤ݡ
ǵ˼һӣ֪ʲô
ĽҡҡͷһӲɽҲ
ӦøһڿΣҪ̽㣬ôСôܴһϸϸ˿һ㣡
ոȻ뵽˹͸ΰµףæͷ絷⡣
ȴҡҡͷ
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Ժҵҵսûҵͬ⣬Թۿԣǲܸһ
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ȻӦҽԺô
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Ŷ򵥡ǸطԱ߻һطҲǿյģҲܳ⡣ǼǮ
˵֮ո뵽ǰƺȱǮ
ǻͷҴȥԺӣ
üҡҡͷ
ܵȻͷڰɣ
ҪˣܲĽסҽԺɣ
ǰĽסҽԺԼûһֱίܲ˯ҽԺɣҽԺôү
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ոЩεӦ
Ѿץˣ飬Ҳû¶
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ԣ
ոմ֮ǰĽѹϰʱ򣬾֪Ľ뷨
Ҳǣ鰲Ľϣ˵ᱻ˴Բȡ
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ոЩżǲǹģ
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ԣûм֮󣬹˻ȥ֪ͨˡ
ȵٴʱ򣬾ͼ˴һˡ
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һȣһϡ
ȵҹʱ򣬴ȥСӲһ糾͵ظ˻
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Ǹͬ־˵˴峤û¶ֻҪҽԺס죬ͷҪʲôģҲ
ŶŶŶǸҽԺԺһĽɸˣЩͽĽأ
ǰǰĽģֱӽңǽأ

һһ˵ţֱòһʵ
ͷ˶ѣ֮ǰ¥޷ӵʱҲϹͷʱûʲôǮڼġ
ڲһͷҪȥҽԺסֱ̫˷ˡ
һĽ⡣

УҵУҽԺöǮ
˵žҪʰߣȴ˸סˡ
ôżͬ־˵ôٶȥأҸ˵˵׼׼ǵڻûԷأȥԿڷȻȥ档
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Ͼһ˹ʮǮ æҲ˵ȥ
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һ¶һ׬ôࡣ				

349˭ĵ

ԼȥĺۣҲû취˵ôϢĻֻʱЪ˼Լ˷ôһȥϢ
ҲԸ⣬Цá
Ƿģһ˻ҹȥô
ŷ
ؼ֮˵ڶ컹ҪȥСӵļҳ̫⡣
Ƕһˡһ춼ûϢզȥ
ɲôզҲóԵڼϢһ¡˵ǲڣ컹Ҫµظɻû˿զ

һ첻ɻһ͵ٹ֣ʱͻٷʳ
ʳԲ˭Լ϶û¶٣˹Լֵľϸ˻һﾫϸܻأ
ȥҲҲۡҪΪ
ԼڴóһոµʮԪǮϡ
Ǯƣ֡Ǯ˼ҸңܲǮɻɣ
ʮǮôࣿ˭ģôҲôǮ˰
ŮǸŮ˵ǼͦǮô
Сҡҡͷ
ǵġǸĽ壬ӦǸոյģ顣üһͲ󣬵˵»ĺǲһ
˵ţǽ쾭˵һ飬˵һĽǵҽԺ֮ԺҽǶĽصôһĿࡣ
Ľô
ǼôǮȥ˶ֵǮˣ
ҵĸԹԣӣȥϢɣҺ춼µˣȥҽԺһˡô˵ҲǴĴ峤ȥӦõġ
ĶԻҲ֡
ԲԭΪԼҪϢٽǣȴû뵽ҾȻ˵Ҫһȥ̽
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ӣ㲻ǼƹҲǴӵĴ峤ҲΪ˴ӣܲȥô
ǰǰǰһȥһȥһʱʲôĻܴ֡
԰˵Ǹձץˣһ鷳ô죿һȥ˷ġ

˵˵ȥŪ󣬲ﾪȵطǺƺƵȥ˾Ȼʮ
˶Ҳ֣Ҹţһ·˵˵ЦЦȹ緹ʱѾ
ǲ֪ǣѾӵһҽԺˣԹȥʱֱ˸ա
ҪȥڵڶҽԺʱ򣬾ͼһŰ״ӵ˽ŲҴҵ׷˹󻹸˲ҽʿ
ǺãҽԺԺص˵￴ͬ־ģڲҽԺѾתҽԺȥˡ
һ⣬ո˵ҽԺʱŻ᲻Щ˼Ǵ˵طȥҽԺǲǲ̫أҽԺβã
ȲսսذԼʳ֮ԺʾԼԩ
ǣп޴ߡ
ȿȣ㲻õģСͬ־ڣµġתԺΪҽԺȽϽŶѣ˵ĲأҽԺҲԵġġ
ɲˣﻹû취
ǵѯʵڶҽԺʱصϱʾҪǹȥ
Ժǹȥ
ʲôҲ֪˼
䣬ٿԺСţʱһǾȵ˵
ԼҺӻȥһ¶Լһ¶
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ǼܣɻֲԺļ֣һֻܱųĬţӵһҽԺ˵ڶҽԺ
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ԺڵڶţţǰıûпˣⷬҲ˸һ
ԺԭҪĽǰãÿһЦ֣Ͼ鲻ܶõڶҽԺռˡ
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˭װԾҷǽȥΣߣߣ·˼ƣƣ˵ʲôͷţѾˣ˭ɨ
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ҲѪԵģԾҪתͷ뿪ȴصסˡ
ߡ
ˣһϷҪôȥ
Լ֮ǰҲûϵԷȻĲʶԼ
ʶԼð
ֲأ
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תͷһָǡ
泯๤ͳһΪΪ˹ҷԼһСüһҶû˷һȣһССı͸˭ĵӣ				

350СѲ

ʵҲʲôˣҲһոˣ˹ϵԼݵְλԼũҽԺϰˡ
һֱûȨһȨҪ֤Լһ£仹ЩǰԼͬһˮƽλӵǰ
Ļ֤Ļɪ
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ɲôҪϢˣ鷳˼Ժһţϣ˴ǴԺ˼ҲΪͷģȥǸ˼˵㲻֪ôǽأ
ǰǼĽһҽԺԺ佱أʲôҽɣ


һԣһ˵֣ ǰҲʼ
һҽԺıһԺΪ׵һȺũ庺ӣԱʮ㡣
Ǳ˶࣬ҲˣкԼһСȥҽԺƽˡ
ѾˣȱƵ˵֮󣬾ͰʺͷһۣʱһҪѿ
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ţҲֻһСʱȻûȴǰͦεӡͦõġ
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ڴԻʱ򣬲ǿ˾һǰ˵һ顣
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üͷһ壬Ȼ֪Ϊɶǵģο˼䣬˵
С˭
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㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳ׷׹ԼҺ˵Ĺڹ͵ۡ
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351


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ˣ㲻ңĴˣ
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ƫƫñ˰һߵʱǼһʧı顣
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ǰǰţֵܼǮõģġ

ʲô
ǰһȺѻɹ
ʲôʲô
ǰһԺ				

352´ߴߴ

صܲЦЦ
ԺǶԺıͦģ֮ǰҪҸϳȥҪץ㡣⻹δţδ
ԶֱҪˡ
ԼҽԺ˻㣬һȥˣ
ΪʲôһԺ
ӽ쿪ʼԻؼˡҽԺ沢ûΪԱС
תͷƵˡ
ǣͷǱƿƳһ¡ҿƳҲˡǼȥдǧּ飬ǴһΡ
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òҪܾܡ
ܾܾܲ͵飬ȻùһȥĽ಼Ӱɣ
һŮб𣬲ô¶壬ҲûѪԵϵһҲΪ鲻̫ϸ
Ҳù˵ĻߴǸϿȥ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˹͡
С˵£ܺá
Ҳ̸ͦϾĽĸףȻ޵ӭϺֺã
ֻǣĽŲﵽķ֮󣬲ﾪȵķ֣Ͱͦõġ
ưν׶µģӦöǸոõİɣӵӺҲµģϵĴҲµģⴲϣΪ˴ᣣҵ죬߻Ķ׼һס˵⺢ӣôģ
ĽԽ϶ˣԼڼҵһ˵ĺĸСôˡ
Ͼ˱ͺѧЩϸС顣
ǰĹҲչˣȴôֲ
Ľಢ֪ǣϲĶ󣬾				

353±


˿֪Ľ뷨 ǱϲһĿ佱ҵЩȻ
δĸ̫Ӧðʲôı飬ߵȣͦġ
͸վӶܸоԼճ¶ȡ
ģȣ
ֻǾڹԼԵʱ򣬶Ȼһ˹
ͣûж󰡣ûеĻһôǴҲвٺùŮ
²ظͿ˽ӵıҪء
ĽԱ߿Цá
ۿŹϵı˱仯ĽԽùˡ
֮ûиԼܻûеʱ
Źͼ۾
ôûж컹˵ԼѾϲСֻ˼ҼЩͬ
⡣˼ãͲҪⳡˡǰɣ壿
ͽӵĽġźšæͷ絷⡣
ǣǵġ
üЩŭ
˵˵ôõСӣҪߣҪҪйôչˣǼһʲô
۾һЩȵ̧ͷŲ
㣬ô߰
ʲôһõأʱĽܹҸˣҺҲܷˡ
ĽĳЦһ㡣
ⷬԼಡ췢ˡ
ģҪǻһ
汻һǰδеϲûʻһ˲侺࿪һ㡣
ԭֺǺǵԱ˵أʱԼϱôһ˵Ͽڽض˲Ļ
˵ʲôһ壬һֶŮ⻰Լˣ˵ȥ±Ц
ҲԼ˵һʱ֮û룬εЦЦҪͲҪϡ
ǺĻտ˾лˡ
Ľ࿴ϵı鲻̫ãΪ¶æת˻⣬ĽĿԴĻԾ
һȥؿ´ҲԽӦﻷʱԶţ˵ҪĽȥæ
˵Щӣһ˫ӵԴһ
ѾȷӲǹһԣԼԴϵ
źӻСʱֿĻӿ֮ڻָɳģһԻܳɹӵԴȱһ顣
ΨһѣӸûãһֵܹ
Ľ˸žѾ֪ҪԼʲô
Ҳ̫ҽƣǻȿᣬȻѡһٿһܻ⡣
ҲȷԼܴܲﵽǵҪ󡣡
ԶĽȷһš顱䵽ʵ
ʵǰû˳ԹģֻһⶼǵȺӳ꣬ǿ׳ʱŹҽԺкܴķա
ɵȵķֿ֮ǵ廹ǻģǱ֮ǰ˲٣׻ûǶĿġ
ڽﵽС˵ʱһֱٿ飬;ǲǻ˼·
ϾСӵĹͷģҲкܺõΨһȱǣ̫СҲ̫һСģͻ¡
ɹٵĺôҲкܹܶ࣬һ󣬲ó׵۹ͷ飬㹻˶ġ
ɣĽĵָ롣
Ľܹʱĵİ취ȶĻǲǿĳɹʣ
βĽıְǶֵ֧ͦ
ֵ֧ˣ»ǹ͡
ػǲֻĽ࣬չ˵ľģ⡣
ʱ䣬ոһо˲ץ
ֵһǣĽ֮ǰ뷨һյļΰһɵ˻ƴ˲ǣӮ˵ˣȻ
ֻҲˣϱ
ץ˵ʱֻץͬ֪٣
ʵ鱬ĵռˣ͵ɥĲҪҪץ鰸뷨ҪȾǻҪ
Ϲô
ᡣĻͻ
˵ն
Ȼһ·ˣıƵĲ֡
н㣬ǽȴڸĸ֮ˣˣһҪȡһ
ô
ȻϵԺԥشһƣֺԥذӸΰ֪ûи顣
٣ûֽ顣
Թ͵뷨ǣջؼңҴĵذѽͽռйָĽ
ĻҾõֱĽȥϾĽĸնҲֻһסңĽҽ
ոջû˵꣬͸оһɱϮ˹
һ
ôˣô飿				

354


Цһ
ΪΪʲôҪԲߣΪΪʲôôȤ
۾ոա
֪ģλĽһѰȥġƵȥҲܸ
ôĿľǵǻĽ൱նҲеĳ޼Ľϡ
ҪĽ档
ҪΪѰһ޼ߣǾա
ոԣЦһ
ðɣʵҲֻ˵˵ѣûС
Ӧֻ˵˵
˿档
ոŬŬͲ˵ˣϾۣ֮
ڹ˵ĽѾϣô˰ɣ
ǹ͵ۡ
ֻĽԴ͵̬ȣոΪ͸оֵá
Ľ໹ϲɣ˵˼ԺӵĻʲô뷨
ͳĬصͷ˵
棬ֻҪǸ棬Ҫɱˡ
ǣУ
֪ģá
ôһ죬ĽĿǸˣԼַŭҪɱˣɱǸҲ϶Լ
ݼڣˡ
ѹᡣ
ոպܿѻˣֶԸոյ˳ֵۺͲ䣬ƶһϸļƻֻոջȥ㱨֮㡣
һĹȥͲˣȥĽýҽԺ
һַָغͲʣһĽࡣ
ԼҲСģϾԼĽһУһķ
ˮһ㲻ĭ
뷨ոճֿ֣ʼԼ
˵ֻϲͺã˼ʲôʱֵأ
غͲû̫࣬Ϊ͸ֻ˵ĸ˵ķˣһòסˣĽҪӣöԵ
ദģʽȻ᲻ҵĹע
Ͼһ¥˭֪صŮǸҽҽԺԺ˵Цģ⣿
˭ʱضЦеرʾԼԶܡ
ͱʾ䡣
ʮˣԼʮ꣬ΪʲôҪǱܣ뵱ֶӣһ壿
һԼԿ
˼Ҳֻ룬Ͼ˵֮󣬵һԼ뿪ˣƾء
壬ôˣ̾ģǲǵļ治ģ
ĽԷʱͼһƲֵӣԷһ
Ϊ뵽ǸϲŮˡ
ͿͰ͵ĿĽһۣȻεҡҡͷ
ǣֻеĶѡ
ģҲǣûѣûչ˺һܲİɣûµģ壬㲻ȻȻȥʵأչ˺ҵ̫ˣ
Ľ˵ʱ򶼺޲ôԼһ⡣
Լɣ
ΪʲôҪ˵Ļ
úóԷô
ô˶²סԼ죿
𣬺òװ˹ҷŻ١ûץסҲһһٳʲôĻֶûС
ǰĽû취֣ںǰһˡ
͵Ľ˵ЩææѻתƵӵϣѰĽȡ
ĽҲû룬⼸о˵һ¡
ʵ鵽ʱ仰˵ԡԺԺǹͬѧѷ籨ŪⷽıͲŪĶӢġǰӢͦõģһЩרʣץϹ
ģԴ
ԼҪ󽵵ˡ
ǰľǿĳĳˮֶĻЩ׽⡣
Щ֪ʶ;飬ȫã
ԣӲ
ü
ô죿
ô죿ʱſ϶Ѿˣ⼸ֵһһ顣ļôһ˷һܿҲܷġ
ͲûôϵͳϹѧĽȻô˵ˣȻǶԵġ
ֻǣĽಢ֪ǣⷬ˵֮ĵڶ죬Ͷһ»ĺܺġYHֵ䡷
Ľ֮ǰҲ̹ѧӢģʱʵҲⶫãĽȴãԼǸϲ
Լ֮ǰúѧϰĻǲҲĽһѹ
ǣȵĽһԷʱ򣬲ĸ˵һֵ䲻֪ʲô
壬ڱֵ䰡
죬ĽӻҳʱȽ磬еĶһ
֮ǰͿǶųġ
֮ǰǺܲϲô˵ǲʶ㣬Ҳʶǣ
ޱغֵ䣬һҡͷ
ˣ˵˾ˡ
Ľʼ硣
ðɣ㳤˧˵ͶԡûʲôģҪҪҰ㿴
Ľ˵ЩʵЩεģ֮ǰ˵Ǹϰԡ
Ҳˡ
Ҫһʱ䷢̫ˡ				

355ƺе

ĵͷϾ˵ദʱ䣬ǿĽɫˡ
û£ܼ򵥡ѧС
Ľɵؿ˹һۣûзҪȥ
ڹͱֵ䣬Ľ쿪ʱ򣬾Ǳڶץƻþǹͺո̸Ǹ
ʵǱҲǹĽ൱նһողͬ⣬һĽһβ˵Ժ⣬صһҲԶվһߣĽ൱ն
һʲôˣĽʲôˣͶҪĽԺ˵Ծǧˣһأһֵʳ
ô˵־ֳ˵ˣץչ
һֱǴߡջ֪澿ʲôֻ֪ԼΪˣӢۣҾ컹һĽ죬һ·ؼҡ
ոɪ˾˵ֽһǮ˽죬ԼӢ֮顣
Ҵľɲ룬ԭĴһһãҲŵǣѾһ׬Ǯ·ʱһ𷢲ơ
ɾڹ۶ϣձץˣȻ˾ĺ
ǿɲ˭˭ãһգһܹǷ¸ĲүǾͰԹ޷йյϡ
ʱһҸȵϣҲģ÷ģģ࣬廨ţۻҡ
յҲܲסʾҪ飬ҲʾҪһסҪˡ
վԼ޿ˣȥú͵ǰĨġ
ѾĵĲţ޼ҿɹɵģֳ嵽棬ҪŻ
ԼкӣŮһӡ
ӱĺܣֱҪ÷磬Ҫꡣ
ҲͰеŭйĶϡ
ϱǸģĴ㣬Ҳ۸سˡ
ǣڶԶʱתۡ
һҹסֿʼĥӵʱƴ롣
Ǳˣ
ͺոյĴܼ򵥡
Բں㣬ںϱȻں
һ˭Ҳĵط˵ҪŻܣȵֲ֮ٻĵİѺӸߡɹͺոһʹֱ뿪Ҳġ
ϾˣһӱŭĴأ
ԣգҪ߶ӡ
û뵽žӵʱûס˽
ɱһҲɱɱҲɱ
ֻȴû뵽ǴѾ޵͵
Ѻ˳ӡ
ոתͷŹ͸߸ߵرһĴָ
üҡҡͷ
ʵֻǸĽѧĶѣĲá
һ鷳ùͺݺݵһ
ҽԺ
ڹͻȥ֮Ľ͸˵رʾǿԸ߶ˣңһγɹļаٷ֮ʮ
ĽǴЦ⣬ҲЦˡ
Ǿͺá
ֻҪעӦùעĶ鶼С
壬ƺе֣
ҡҡͷ
ûʲôǽӵ˳ĵ绰˵ǻֻˣҪµĻҪһȥơҴŻǰˡȻĻҵ㶯߰ɡ
ĽЦеصͷ
ڶһ磬Թ͸׼;ڹͺط޵ע½ҡ
ؾŮҪҶҪսҪŮͣԲһĻ
ĽȻⲻ˱˴Ȥ˵ҳġ
ǴȤʵʾе̵ζˡ
Ժһ۸Ľ˵ҽһ
һĵط㿪ЦĵطĻϹ
ԺֶĴһҽԺʬλز͵ˣǵ˼ҽȥ濴ֿ⣬Ǹ˲١
֮ǰ͵һҽԺ˵εһҽԺҲв룬˲ࡣ
ԺҲûԼҽԹҪ飬Ȼͷһġ
ҶҽԺ˵ĽΪʲôԼҸתԺ飬Ҳ֪֮ǰĽ಻ԸǸҽ³һĶ첻˵
е÷ǳ˳˳֮ǰ׼÷һûϡ
ԶܿģôСĺϿչڹڻǵһΣлʱ塣ҽϣһ̨ȹļҪ򵥣ʱϴ̣ΣշҲ󽵵͡
ҳ֮󣬹ȻͻǸ֮ǰһѾҽԺʳø׼͵ķˣȫѣҲ֮ǰԼҪõöࡣ				

356Ѿ֪

ҽԺʳõĴǶԹ޲ڡ
ͬ־һ͵ˣֱʮֻҶŻˡ
ɲô⼦ͼһԵ㣬Ȼ̫ϧˣ

ĽԼǰĶЦеؿŹ͡
ģ
͵ͷݹȥһ˫ӡ
ԭԼģǿŴæҲûʲô飬ټԼҪȥˣҲûʲôģԾˣ
㳢òóԣ
˵ģĽùͻŬѡ֡
տʼķһ㣬ıԼҲ˿
壬ô죿ҶˣԺˣ˭Ǹ붼úþ
Ŀһ˲ǱһĿ¶ڴĿĽࡣ
ĲҪߣ
Ľͷҡҡ
ǲ룬ǰɣ֪㹤Ҫȥϰ࣬ٴϼͻȥˡʱǾܹһˣ
ͿĽͷһģһ䡰Ҫʱ»ָ
ھʱĽں˵һ𡱵Ļֿʼ
ĵಡ
ֲʲôɲ롱ǲǾԼ֣
һÿ죿һ
ɲ룿ɲô
Ľɲ롱֢״̲ס˵
ϸָڹ͵󴦣Ϳ˵ļԱȣԼ乵¶ȣϵ¶һҲĿʼӿ졣
ĽֵĿŹͣüͷ塣
ȷе졣Ŷڸˣ壬ƽʱô
ͿһĽ࣬򴽰꣬û˵
ȻҪô˵
ҿʱĽֱ֮뿪ͼˡ
壬ǲ岻ҲǺģҺ̫ˣ
Ľȥ̽͵Ķͷȴһ߬ס󳷣ܿ
ɵȵͷԼץĽϸʱַɿطſ
ĸоָʧȻʧĸоȻ֮ûʲô
΢΢ʧ䡣
û£ֻ̫ȣոһֱڳ̫æˣ˰ɣ
Ľͷ˵һȥȡ޽ˮ
ζ̲סüͷ
ţҲѺȡ
ڿ࣬ҲȲԼͷĿࡣ
ϲСǰֻֻܿܵһദܱףܱ¶ܣЩʲô
뷨ո֣;һʧ
ʲô
ԼҪʲôأ
Ľǽ覵֮˳ǹ°һֱ¡
ĽŷŷȻоǰˡڡһվֱӡ
ң΢΢ţЩ֡
壬ôˣ
Ľһ˵ֲԾõذͶעĽϣɿһַ֮ɿŲ
ֵסԼ΢΢ȵ壬ҡҡͷЩ΢΢ɳơ
û ûʲôǺȻúܡҴˣȳԷȥ޽ˮ
ͷɿؽ֮󣬿첽뿪
Ľ캰ס˹͡
塭
˵ãһ˵ǰܵĶ˼֣ͺ׷һ
Ȼ󣬡顱һֱײ˲ǰĲϡ
ĽֺЦ
ôżҸովҪ˵ǰš
Ҳ֪ҵû첽ǰʧ
Ľù͸ոյΪЩ֣񣬹ʲôҲһ£ôż
ɺȻĽร顣
Թ͸ȥ޽ˮȥҲɣ
͵̬΢΢ŵ壬ڼҪϲʱģ
ϹǿԼգԹ͸ò᳦θװɣ
ĽԽԽԼ뷨ȷġ
ͲڣĽԷʱǵΡ
Լͳ̫ˣʲôùܣʲôòģ˶ûп
̫Сˣ
ԸոչԼʵҪԼһɣ
ʵ𿴹ôֵģ˻ͦȱġ
Լʲôأ
ŲҪڳԼԣѾ˲˰ɣ
Ľµû͵ȷȥҲˣҲĿģĲһ
ʹӲ֮ͷ֣Ľ࿴Լ߶˵κ
壬ʵЩ鲻ҵġ

;㵵λϣ彩Ӳֿʼļӿ
Լࡣ
ƣԼոʲô
㣬㶼Ѿ֪ˣ
Ľŭ
ΪҾͲ֪ôҲǸġҿҽ
ҽйô
Ǹ㲻ô
ʹһƬհ˰֮ŸɰͰ͵ؿڡ
ÿһֶƺҪþе
ĿضĽ࣬ڴǺ¡
ڴĽ˵ԼҪǼ֣Ľϻ¶ʹ־ı顣				

357ʲôλ

Ľҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҪ⣿֮ǰȥ¸ʱʲôûǶѾôˣ
ˣô죿
ƺе㲻̫Եӣ
Ǹȷ֪˵ʲôô
֪
ĽͷҿŹ׻һĵģ
ô᲻֪㲻ǳθףȻոֶӣҪҲҪ󣬲뱻֪ôûϵģҽҲᳰЦġ
۵׵ĵǹϣһϨ𣬺ڵĳס
ûϣͲʧ
ʧ䡣
һǽڶһϡϡġ
ܽһ½飬ͺƽɽ·гһ£һ£̼
ִ̼Ҳ뾭ˡ
壬ôˣ
ûôֶӣҪȥϢȻϻˡ
ǽ춼ûĽˡ
ĽൣĵؿŹ͡
ȻҸɣٲȻ㿪ҩ
룿
ʧô
治ʧûôʧǵİ
Ұ޹
˵ֻҪĽǰ۵˫ŽԼҪȥҲˡ
ʹͷɥҡҡͷ
ˣãȥϢϢˡ
ͼֲĽֻˡ
ĽԹȥͼڹ͵顣
Ľѹ岻˵һ顣
⺢ӣôô¶أЩææչǣչ㡣˲ôȥˣ
ĽãȻ
ǲȻϣ
ѾʹˣҪ룬ҲҩҪúϢһ°
ܲܲ˼ϢҪչɣ
ĽȻ뵽ǰһŮˣչѸչǼҵСһһͶιһ£һ°ͣѾܲͷˣɻǲ˵
ϾҲŮѡ
ȻԼҪǸԷһûһ˼ҷҪϢԼȥţԼƻᱻİɣ
ɲﲢô밡
ԭѾǷ͹ˣ˼˲ǻڲһһ֣Ϲⲻȥ
ǣĽֻܻؼˡ
ؼ֮Ľ෢ֹͲûڼҡ
ڴתţͿǰ˸Ĺһ˵ʲô
ˣһŮˡ
Ϳ˼ˣ
ɣ
忴˰
ȷʵŮ˿ͦʱֵġ
λͬ־ⱾĺҪҪҪܶǮҶͬ⡣
ŮüǰĹ͡
ģΪʲôҪ㣿
ЩΡ
ǰ֪ǽҪⱾһҲҽʱȫȥˣֻҵһ
Ů˱ͣ˻Լǰһԭ顣
ܹö
ͣʵǹͿͲѧˡ
ҡҡͷ
ܣˡ
ô죿ⱾҲϲҲҪԡ
ŮһŤӣתͷߡ
֣ǰС˵ʲôؼң
Ϳ첽׷ϣҪ˵ʲôͱ˽סˡ
壡
תͷͼĽ첽˹ææס
ôСˤˣ
ĽЦ
壬ôֲСӣ·ῴģ
ͿһĽû˵ʵ˵ԼҪĽ൱һСӣ벻Сӣǲ¼
ĽҪöࡣ
ֻǣ͵Ľ࿴顣
ĽѾ뿪ǸŮ˵ıӰ
壬ոǸŮ˭
ʶ
ʶ˼ҸҸ˵ֳĺĵˣԼѾϲˣҪȥŮˡһֲε֡
Ľ໹ΪڴڨǸŮˡ
ϾǸŮĺÿԼҲϣǹ͸Ͳʶ˼ңֻΪƤϵǸ͹మŮ̫ƽˡ
ԣһ䡣
ĽΪʲô˵ⷬǲѾ֪ʲôˣ
Ľ̹׵־ԼˣĻĽ˵ⷬûеѯĽΪʲô˵
壬㲻Ҫˣҵ۾̫Ͼ¯ģʮ֣ǲ˵Ҳ֪һԼϲǰɣ
ͿĽһۣͷ
Уǲ˵
԰ŮԼϲŮ˸ö಻ƽҪ˼С֪ˣ಻á
Ľ྿˵ʲôЦõҡҡͷѸոշ˵һ顣
ֻҪǱ͸ѣ˵ңң㡭ǣĿеĵλܼġ
ĽԷһģ廹Ǹ壬һû䣬á
ݺݵһתͷȴŹ͡
أʲôλӣ				

358²ûô

ûô
̲סһġ
ðɣһ
ɿһĽ࿴ԼַɿرܿĽߣ۾ŵ档
֮ϵĴڣԼ
ĽصͷȴڹĹ͵
ող˵Լ岻ôҪҪҸ㿪ҩ룿Ȼô˵ҲؼҰ
ͿЦһΪԲ֮ǰǸԣֻܴӦĽҩԼԡ
ȣ
棬ҩĿĿࡣ
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Ľ࿴ŹһһڵغҩԼЩܲܡ
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ĵӺܿ͹ȥˣ͵ڶ̵ʱ䵽ˣΪûڼңĽҲûи׼ʲôزֻ˵ͷͼĻȥ
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ʲôʲôʲôˣ
ظɶͷˣ⾿ô¶
㲻֪Щ˵ҪŸ·ôѵû֣ոջʱ򣬴˼Ū·ˣ
ǿˣʱҲûж밡
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ǰЩ˻˵˵ֻ·ͨˣԺ󲻹ȥﶼ㡣ãׯѾˣ治ôȥˣ				

359¹Ƽ

ţʵԭҪ˵һ·ֵ飬û뵽ؿʲô֪ġ
ԭΪĽģɽһʲ֪ĽҪ±ơ
ĽиõӰûȷϣֳֻȥ˹
պã˾ͲȥҽԺһ塣
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ĽŻȻ
Ȼǹͣ
֮ҲΡ
ǸСӺкøУΪ̤ʵأ֪ͼʵϰס
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ĺӳҡ
ܹһһʱ䲻ڼԷΪʡʳ
ʱֲֵǮڼʮʮ˶ϳȥɻˣԷܹС
ѾˣҲܰƱҪǣҾҪˣҲͷβģֱôһֱɵ󡣸ɵĻҲΪ˵¶˵أ
εص˵ͷ
˼ȥ֮⣬ûð취
˹һ֣ͨ峤Ҳõ
Ͼ˭峤Ҳû¶óôһƱô·
ԣ峤صġ
߼ˣÿÿææģŲҴҡ
ĽҲԼһݻȥءϸ
ϴȥһΣźúõķ˶˸̣ˣʵ̲סˣȥһ֡
ҳԵø㣬ɻʱ򣬱֮ǰ˲١
ʵĽȫ֪ﻹһݹͣϾһᣬƯܸɵСĸ˲ϲ˭ҪĽǰһ磿
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ôڣ㵹ǿ˵ڱ˵飬ԼôҵģҰûȤ
ڻˣԲѡ
Ľɫһ䣬תͷܣոռ״Լں׷
ҪȥˣڻԲѣЩġ
ԭ;ԼǷ˹һ飬ͳ飬˵ĽϽߡ
ǲԼЩ᲻á
ԼԭԺĽһʱ䳤һģһգ۵ʱ䣬ôûˣ
۾Ľһʰ·һ߰ο
ġԺԽԽãԺĽͨͨҲԽԽ㣬ңҲİѣԺӻأ
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ʱԽżͷʱԽٶȱóٻ
𳵵վѾӵϢóСڻվţȽӵĽֱ֮ӰҽԺ͡
Ľȥҵ£Ҳ˽£˲Ÿոջص۶
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ΪֶҲΪ̫ڲˡ
ĽҲǣĻԹ͵ݣôסķӣ
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ֻҪĽĳƺ̲סһ飬ʵĺӺĽ໹ûꡣ
ҡҡͷָŲѾһȦĹ͡
ҲáˣҲܺá
ĽЦһ˵
Ȼˣαص
Ϊʲôԭ¹ʵô͡ꡱҲʵ
ҺùԼȽֱȻ˵Ҫأ
ʱ򣬹ڴϣĽҲûйԷʲôֱҡҡͷ
Ҫ飬ȳȥ
ʵֻǵĲҪ۵վԼǰ
ڹ˵ǸӢۣǸú
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ؿһĽ࣬Ƶ̾Ϣһ֮󣬲ųصĽŲ뿪ӡ				

360ҳʲô

㣬ҳʲô
ϷŹ͵ĲͷĵƬӣڿͷ­һӰʱĽüͷᡣ
ͷܵشѪ̫࣬ѪҲӴ
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ǣڿ­
ԺֱӿԿ­ȻѪŪ񣬲С
ɶֲ飬ҩֶ̫̫ˣһĳ˵̫
Ϊ˹ͺãĽֻԼķŬ
ּ˹û⣬˲š
˹
ôô
أûǲã
ҵĶӣȻҪõġ
ĽЦһ
ôĶӣźҪ׵ʱĶ۸Ҫ׵ʱĶʧȥ̱ŭɲ֮˵ʱĶԼǿŬ߳Լһ·ʱȻ˳ƾʲô
ͣҪǸȴԼ˵
֪ģԼǷ̫ࡣ
Լ塣
Ůͬ־˵ôô̱˴ʲôҪ㱨ôң㲻˵ĿԾͲҪ˵οǵļ£òġ
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Ľеķ̸Ũ
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뵽ԼССͱǣǻʱ黹Ůңһ
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Ľһ仰ǸŮɫ࣬ü۵
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㣬㾹Ȼвңˣ ֪˭ôб¹ҰûҪңԲ˶ߡ
ŮɫָĽ࣬ɫǸոշѿĲݵء
鼱ææסŮˡ
죬㲻Ҫȡ֡Сͬ־Ϊβģ˵ĲôǿǷ˹ͣң˵ûȷʵ˱ư͡
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⣬⣬Υ
Υ˭ˣ˭ܹһưͣ˵ȥҲûŵġԣ˵ˣ
Ľ࿴Ŭ˵Լӵĳ棬м
س˳ǡ
Լе̸ۣŻĢЩ
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ܾմڼҳԷĽ飬ĽżæŵظϵҽԺҪһܣСغһҩٰҩһһڵͨܶɽ͵ĿС
ۿŹһһҩĽּæһʿƹ˹͵ͷóԼ֮ǰɰһõ룬һ˹ͷϵĸѨλ֮롣
һڿţܷ
һ㣬صͷ
תͷͼʯվԼĽšüġ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵βʱҪԱԹۣ̫ô
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Сͬ־ģҲ֪㡭
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Ľſʱɿ䣬ԼĺŻ
ѾԼԹķ˳һҩʧһʲôûС
㣬㶼ҳʲô
ĽƳһۣЦҡҡͷ
ʵҲҪĶһЩƵ»ĶãޱȣȽϺáҸ˵Ҳʥˣ´һЩĻҾԲԭ㡣
ǶŭԹޣǰţɹڴ²֪ȥ²Ǽ
ߣԭһϲǨŭˡ				

361ζҪ

ʯԭǲĽ൱һ¶ģ񿴵Ľϵı飬Ȼһ⣬ȻĪЩΣա
Ľ࣬ΪĻᱻôҲҪһСƨһʶѡҪ㣬еǰ취ŪˣܰŪˣ˵˴粻ԭ㣬˵ЩˣһҲù
ĽһٿȻһسʯƽȥ
ûи㣬Ⱳģҵļ˱ҡҲԺúóһ£ҵŭ𡣡
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ʯɿر˱飬תͷĻ棬ˮָĽࡣ
˴磬ңҸոջĸҳһ֪ʲôĺڶͷҲۣҲۣĶۡ
鿴ǰͲӣٿԱ߼ԼĽ࣬һͷ
֪ͳ飬Լ߸ϡ
ɲ֪ʯ쾿֪ԼĶ򣬼æҹ˵ҪԼúֲһӡ
ʱһҲͬˡ
Ͼ͵ԼĺӣԼѾع⣬ѾߡǱȻģͺһҲǱȻġ
䵽ʱ˵˴ǰϤһ£ҲΪԺһ׼
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죬ĽǸһзִˡ
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˳Դӻзִ磿˳ưͣ⻹зִ磿
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Ѿˣǻ߰ɣ
˭˵ҪˣǵĺӣǽҪ㴲ġ㣬һСһһ߲ߣ˭֪澿ôģ
ˣ
˵ǿǼҼãʱϹͣʱԼȸ֦ͷˣԾš

ڣһӶܽ˼ҡ
֪Ľ͹֮ĹϵԼԭûչ˹ȣΪʯ˵ʲôŭĽ࣬ҲԼϵжá
ţʯǸְĽչ˹ͣԼʯ뿪
˴磬ǸСԼйôܰѹͽ㡭
ʯ컰䣬ͼתͷؿԼɫȻһ䣬ſͻغϣǿسһĨѿЦݣǿΡ
˴磬ʵҲûб˼ҾǵСͶѡ
ĵģѾǸˣҪ㵣ġУٷ飬ĽôҲܣʰص۶ȥ
ҪֲͣҪ޸ϵģǹ޵ġ
ʯɫҲ̫ÿʵһӶѣԼүӣ
ҧҧ꣬׸ǸίίһСϱһಽĸڹߣ仰˵ˡ
Ľ׿ʯ͹֮ȥҹԺæһ¹йⷽĲ
㻹Ҫ
ԺЩȻ
Ͼ̫
֮ǰҲû˶­ģһ⣬ʧˡ
Ҳڲ֪ͬ־ĸ׾ȻλԵĻλͬ־Ӧÿͬͬ־ȥҽġ
ҽö࣬ɹҲõöࡣ
Ľšü
Խ͹ȥƣķ
ΪƣҵƷõĻȻòϡƷЧҪΪ
Ժһȣеĵ绰һûúãڵϡ
˵ʲô
ѹŲ࣬żæؿڡ
ȥǺãǹⲻһͬҽҡҲţﲻУǹҽԱѵͲҪһô
Ҫ
ζҪ
ô죿
ڼˣˣʲô˼ҡ
ʲôȥ˼ұȣ
ԣѹ˰
Ľ˵赭дɹԺֱҪˣ
ǰĽ˵췽ҹ̷
ЩרѧһǸ̳ƾʲô
û
¹ԺΪĽڳ˵ΣѾ˼ĵطˡ
ҽԺ
ôԺΪĽռⷽĲ鰸
֪ǣĽĲҪоЩһ¼˼ҵϵʽȻһϵ				

362ǡ

ǡ
˾ǣƹһȽҽÿˣʤ
ңҪõĻȲΪʵ̫࣬Ҳ̫Լˡ
ǣ˷ֱӹˣѯ˾ֵʱ䣬ѯԼĲ
˾ֵÿ춼Ҫһ˾ֵʼû뵽һȻʱһȽرʼ
ʼҲ⣬⵽붼ûֱӵ㿪ˡ
˾һԻ뺯

ӦþԼǸɣ
ǣƹʵҲУƼᣬûô˵ǸĶ
ʱ˾һ뺯
ɵ뺯֮ٴסˡ
ʲô뺯
һԼһ
֮棬ΪԼʦ˾ֶǾȻ˲˵滹һԼ֮ǰδδŵĶDDġ
ɻʱһ¹ⷽĶ⾹Ȼһڻܳβ
룿
Լ棬Ϳβ
ǼǰԼβû
ѧڿʲôҽô㶼ûʦ֮ǰ׼Ķ׼ô
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ҲûʲôһȽ˼뺯ǡ
ԼոտĶ˵һ飬ѯʶԷֶ֪֪
˵ֶһ㶼ƭ˵İɣò˰ɣˣһʦĽҪʼˣòҪ͵ɣ
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ǣһʱ䣬׵˲ⷽĵط
䣬ԷȥһĦһ֮ǰľ׵ȷ˲١
ڶһ磬˳ҵԼʦ뺯˵˲Լļ⣬һ˼룬˵Էȥ
֪ģûʱ䡣ҹæ⡭
̶ĵ绰һҳţ˾ûУ׵±һͣƣ绰֮ԼϻѯԼû˵ⶫ
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ô˶˵
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ǰѵҪȥһôģҽ

Ҷϵ绰֮˾üԼϻ˵飬תͷһԼѧкԼǰ
ٸ˵һ£Ǹʲô֮Ķ


ʯϵ˵۶ⷽרң˵һŹȥ۶
Ҳ֪ﻹڵ۶һ첻ȥԣʱ䳤˲ȥǲҲ̫ã˵˼ԺԼ˵ˣʲôģ
ûе۶Ǳߺá˵ҽ
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Ľ֮ƺҲûʲôҽǲֱӰ˴ȥ۶ĽҪȥĻȻҲа
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Ȼеùӳԡ
֪ʯԼС˼Ҳ𴩣ʯһ˵ģҽʩȷûе۶ãǹϵʵ˭ˡ
ֻǣ˹Ժʱ򣬹龹Ȼ֪ĽⷽרҽԺ
ңҽԺѾ뵽˹Ƚҽ豸
ͬ־뷨ҺѾܾʱˣʲôģ
ĽȽϺá
˵ѾԼһȨ·ŸĽࡣ
Ժ˵ʯ֮Աǡ
Ľרңж󣬾Ȼܹר˵ԺǲӦתԺҲ˵˼Ļɣ
˭֪רжæжѹң
ѻ˵ģӶô
ԺЩΣȻԼҲе㲻ţĽԼȥˡ
ңҪеģһʵأ
뷨ոճ֣칫ҵĵ绰æЦųʯͷȻһһ˵绰
ֻǣߴﹾһҵֱɡ
⡭ǹĵ绰				

363·ҳԻ˵

ҳԣ˵
Ժһ֮΢΢ЩСϲ
ǲĽЧˣ˹
绰
ԥǲҪȥĽʱ򣬹Ҫ绰
ԺѹСĺͼѵ绰ݸ˹飬Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹߴﹾ࿪ʼͶԷԻһĶѾɤ۶
Աߵʯ첻мı͡
ǱŪģҲšΪŪʾͿðרѧˣ
ǰӣڵ۶һץһѣ۶Īﻹأ˭ϡ
ȵߴﹾ˵һҶϵ绰֮󣬹Ժæ˹ȥѯʹ绰˾˵ʲô
˵֮ú׼һϡ
ԺԼϵڶˣֺݺݵشԼֵģ˵תȦȦ
Ҿ֪ģġˣȻˣ
˵ţͽȥĽ˽н֮Լסˡ
ȥĽ˵ȥ
ʯ쿴һ̶ܳ˰칫ҵĹԺЩɵĿŹ顣
˴磬ȷĹרѧߣĽ಻һѧѣôŪǵϵʽ˵ǲ滹ʲôΪ֪飿
⻰һɫһ䣬ŭǰɫŭʯ첻Ҫ˵
ҳԣǻ˵ר֮͵ˣ㲻ҪȥĻǳص۶ɣ
ôԣ
ʯڨڨЦЦɿظǸ
ңҲΪ˹ͺð룬
죡û˵һĻ㻹ǸϿȥɣ
ʯ쿴Źŭ뿪ģĽϡ
Ľֱ࣬һɨǣ
ĽʱԺţûҪǮشӹԺ˵
ܿ죬ҽԺѾ֪ˣΪĽĹϵҽԺܿͻһרѧͬ־Ĳ顣
ƽ׹־ոմӵ۶㱨˵
飬˶һۡ
ֱ̫ˣ
ԺҲŵͷ
һ֣ڴϣԼΣ
ֻᣬ۶ЩҽԺûֻɣ
ƫƫץסˣ
Ľ࣡
һտʼ˭һС
Ҳʮꡣ
ʱߵʮ·ݣʱ򣬹ȻУԶԶǺһٵִͽգعţǺܶͥ붼顣
ɾڹ֮ûãͨ㲥ţֽȸý壬ȫᷢһش
ȫᣬȫָ߿
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߿ѡ˲ŵıر;
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Сպͷ
ʵʵסһҲͦõġĵҲֻϲ˵˵ѡ
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ϯ˵Ǽ͵ǮʵͷĽġһֱ˵󲹳˴ͷϡ
Сɷ˵ʵҲżе֡
ԼϾżҵϱЩɷ˵Լȴԡ
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ΪǸСﲻֵ				

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ҽԺǾǶ췽Ȼٴһѹˣǵǿѹͷ߰˹Ժϣص㵽׶ҽԺ				

365½


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˻䣬ովŶ˹֣µذĽ죬ºͽһԵظĽࡣ
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366˼Ъ

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һֱڰݻ´ŵȫȻĴ󻷾Ǻ⣬Ҳһ̶ȵĲȫ
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ĽţǱΪ׵İֳѾȫȨĹԺ˹ͨͽ
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Σس̶ȱͲߵΪţ˵ҲͰ
ĽͷɫܵĴңֻΪԺ˵
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367ǲ

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һƪרΪĿ­׫дģһ󵨵Ĳ룬ôҵص㷢˷츲صת䡣
ڣ֮󣬴ȷ
ĽҲΪһֳɫĽѨıһ뵽һС
Ȼ֮ǰûɹִ˵еķ
ڰȥϢĵ죬ҪĽǼʶһ»ġ
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ʵЩʹĿģҶ޷ǾĽżдĶǵȤȻ˭ǧظϵʩһõģֱԳƵǵĵط
˲ԼͬĽ࣬۵͸¶Ŵ
Ͼҽ٣Ĵȴûм
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ģСͬ־СⷽĲ
ϹĻȻûôҷģΪ׵üͷЩá
Ϲǲ㣬ͬСɡԼҲ֪ģһβǼҽƷĽӴһϵҵİѾȷ̬ȣҪ鵱СҪãҪһǹҵ̬Ⱥͷ緶
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ЩǸĿĽһۣȴĽЦźҡҡͷ
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ллԺ佱֪ǣϹˣǲͿԸЩרѧһˣңȫԿƷרңⷽĸλҽҪõö࣬ǲҲԲȥˣȻ˹ҵ棬Ҳãǲ				

368°ʯͷԼĽ

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ʲô֮֮
ʲôǰʯͷԼĽţ
ǲ˵˼Сҽòô
Ҳ˼Сҽòã˵ԼһûЩרѧã춼ˣöۣ
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Щǲ֪Сͬ־ڱЩ˸ոԺ˵ʱûվΪ˵ðǵı飬Ҿˬ졣ã˭ҪܱţһιƳ˼ıɣ治ֺõ֡
ԺƳһ۵ͬѧԱЦһ
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صǱβ͵èһԶҧгݡ
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һֱλ㹻ߣԼ˵ʲôʲôʲôʱɹԼ
ƫƫССĵطһСﲻ˵˼仰ͰȺ˲߷ˡ
ԺǷ߶ţովĽҲ˵ˡ
ԺЦһ֮󣬸ɿһվ˳䵱ϣϾˡ
һ¡ҽԺ治йôЩҽҳһ˺Сͬ־һιƽı˰ɣ
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ϾԭĽԼŪĻᣬҪͱ˱˵ƽֵʱ򣬹ԺԼԼ
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ҽȻᣬҲҪ棬Ȼ˼˼ҳʲô飬ǵ𡣡
ɲôڵҽǱĺܣԺˣǧǧҪ˼һӡ

ʶĽˣһһذ˼ҵҪ
Ժڵһֱǳɫ
һλҽһĽ࣬м۾
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ǰǰһϵĻ̫۸ˣ
۸ˣѵû˼˵ô˼ҵԼ̫ᣬ˵۸ǡһϵĻ̫˼ˣ
ߣСͲСͦġ

ĽϵЦݵ˲١
λʱ䲻ˣǳٳòĻ͵Ȩ
󣬻ԺԼ˿ڣһʸϣҽĽԡ
ǣҽԺҽƵĲ˾ȵķ֣ǽ쿴ʱ򲻵һҽһҪһԿβ
ʲô˼ǲʦͽܣҲò˵ȫЦɣ
вŭرԹ				

369ҲҪ㿴

ҲҪ㿴
Ľ״Ҳ˵ԺҲڣֻתͷߵίԺ
Ժɿһúõظ˼ҽ͡
λͬ־áλССһҽԺᣬҲҽˡ
ԺĻʵҶɵӣȻס
ĽüͷǰԺȻְλȻߣ۶ȴСĺܡ
û뵽ǰĲ˷ǵû˳ܵĽǰ
СҽԺҽô
Ľͷ
ǣ
ϾҽԺҽֻǡ
ŶŶǲǻģ
ǣ
ѽ㰡֮ǰ˼Σûҵ㣬οɺˣڼˡ
ԺһĻЩԾ
λˣֻˣǿĻ뿪Ҫ˿
Ů˲ͷؿԺһۡ
˭ҿʲôϵУȥƣ滹ʲôҪģһô
ԺٿһǺſҪʲôɶԷȴûиϢĻᡣ
Уҽô˿ô
ԺǿЦ⣬ɿҡͷҡͷ
ǣ
ǵĻССһ漷ôˣҪ͵ʦ
˵ţŮ˰ĽԱһָԺǼˡ
СǧҪСİ֮ǰҿ˵еΪϲ춢źÿСﲻţûʲôأ
Ľࣺ
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Ժˣ
Ľһ𿴲ҽʱЩԸˡ
λͬ־㻹˵Щ߰Ķ
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ԺڵһȺҽǣ
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ߣΪһôҿǶ˵ˣҽԺҽҪСΪʦأôǰ׳Լʮ극ѡ
мػش֮ϻһףĿĽࡣ
С͸߰ɣ겡Ҿô
Ľֱ̫ɰˣô˵ǷҪȥ˿˭Ը⡣
ͺ񣬺ȻΧ˳һ
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Ľ࣬ʵǲǹҵ˹鷳İɣ
Ľüͷ
Լôĵô
ô˵ģǹģʲô鷳ʲô˼ҽ
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Ľ̫ɰˣ̫ˡ
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һʮСӣͦɱģõ˫ȣΪʱ䲻ʹõĹϵЩή
ǼС֮ǰڴţʱһСĴɽȻҽ˵û֪ˣҪ̱ˡɺ˵С֮ǰƹһ̱ĲˣҲŹҪƿ
Ů˻һ䣬˵ĽϣĿ¶ɻ
̱ܰκã 
̱һ㶼Ǽ׵߼֮޷ϲŵ̱ģ˵̱ܰκãⲻǻʲô
Ľü˵ҽ
㲻Ͳ˵̫
˵꣬תͷԱߵĴ
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ŮЩŵؿĽࡣ
ԣ㲻ң֮ǰ˵鶼Ǽٵİɣ
ǣǼٵģҵȷƹһƵĻߡ̱˵״ǲͬġǲһܹӡҸ֤һ߾ȫġ
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ãããֻҪһϣҶġ				

370ϵͳ

еĲ˼һ˼ֻҪƣܶĴۣܶô΢СϣҪԿ
СҪſڿˡѾĲдβ׵ǵ˵̱֫޷޷ĸ֣ѵû
Ľ࿴ǸмԼˣҲ̲סһһЦ
ǿˣôʹң̱ԭʲô
⡭
˳һԼ֮ǰĶȫһ飬ĽȴıҪϸ£Ҫȫ棬䣬ҽҽһֶһ
̱֫ԭкܶ֡һǵ̱ڴжԳѪԹѪխˡӰƤ˶ 
ڶƫ̱ԶѪŧסʲԼԽȡƫ̱⻹ƫоϰƫä 
ǽ̱ΪԸɲ䣬ԸѪܲ䡢֢˵ȡ
ǽ̱ڼȾˡѹȡʸıȡ
Χ̱ڼήԲӲס෢סȾжѪܲȫԼ
Ǽⲡ񾭼ͷ䵼µ̱֢෢Լ׽ԼӪԵȡ
һֱ֣ӰѼˡ
⣬ǡ
Էϴһ㵣Ժ͹Ժ˶Щȡ
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Ѧҽǰɣãһݲ̱֣
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ԺСͬ־˵ƣλѦҽ˵ûа취ƣ
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ϾԼҲǸˡ
ԺǺһЦܺ˵
ȻĻǾСͬ־ơҪһֵĻᣬô
ʵ⻰˵˸û˵һ
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ʹİ취Ҳܱ֤˲κðοǴԻΪҽ
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ôлԺԸҡģһʧġ
ѦȫˮЦһ
СҪ˵ôǣո˵Щͦϵͳģ˵˵ôܿ϶ǰ˵Ĳô
ҲǣǸոնĽǷסˡ
һҲϵͳĽͣŶ
˵ԼܽЩǾȻˡ
֮ǰ˵Ľʦһ¸صҽ˵õʦĶӣαװԼĶŪˡ
ͨЩ֮ĽĲмֶһ֡
ոǲܣڣҿ԰ٷ֮ٵȷҿơ
ڸոչԺԺʱĽϸ۲˵ȣ̺۱鲼Ϊʱ䲻õĹϵԵüЩή
Ľƶԭ򲢲ǸովʱʶĶ˶ӡ
һ̣ע⵽ƶͬʱҲǡ
Ҳǣ˫Ⱥӵĵطûġ
һ󵨵Ĳ롣
ĽϴƶЦݣôһһ㶵ġ
̱κã
˵ĸԴϼмĳĽϹлĽסҪֱӹڵϸĽͷ
ǣСͬ־չʾһ°ɣ
ĽҲ˵˵ٶ࣬ҲûԼķڷǿ				

371²


Ľһһ˶ߵľͰԴϼӵĿӻɶ̿㣬ִӲ˼׳Ĳ˼һæ˷ŽľͰľͰСϣˮݡ
տʼˮԼˮˮ̽ѯʶԷĸо
ˮôܽô
أܲܣ
أ¶ȽӲܵˣ

Դϼ֪Ľ྿ʲôֻ֪˶˵ûεĲĽ˵Ρ
ĽʵĲ˵ˣЩżݺݵسŶӵı˶һơ
ӣ㻹ɵŸû˼ͬ־ʻأ㵹˵
ӿˡ
ˮҲ̫ˣ̵Ҫϲĸоˡ
ǰ˼ҽεΣЦеСô˼˼˵ԼҪϲ
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Сͬ־ţ￴Ū
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˲Ľķ񰡣
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ʱҽԺ˶˵飬һΧ˹Χ㡣
ӾԼһһﱻҿȥȥ
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ֻǺȻһε¶ȣһαһε¶ȻҪһ
ΪոѾӦˣĽһ
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ĽͷԼһ˶ԷȲѨ档
ǣǲǲԣôѨأѨ
ǰֱϹ֣ҿСģͲҪﵷ˰ɣ

˵ŻͼĽѾֽİѾŸ
밴˳ѨȻĿ֮£Ž롣
ָֻ뿪ʱһؿвţȻ󷢳΢
⡭ǡ
𣡡
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372ʦʦ

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ֻǴ˵еĶûһԸǽ𣬵ʵͰǰݲǰԡ
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ԣĸһҽԼͬؽעתƵĽϣһգգ㹻óǵӡ
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Ժ֮ǰ˽ģһãӣæǿա
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ԼôˣĽܹͣ
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Ľ˵١
ʦϹȷûиģʵڹԺҹԼ֮ѾԼ뷨˲²⡣
ʩʱҲԼ۲𣬹Ȼȷ˾ŴΡ
֮ǰʦ߹ԼΪʲôǾŸ룬ΪžŰʮһ
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طûио֮ĽȻһЦȻڶԷȵĿ£ݺݵذһѨֻԷһ֮Ȼӡ
ۣ
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Ȼո۵ӵʱ˫ЩܿƵƶλӡ
ȻעĻƺ
ҲȵسԼ˫ȿ˹ȥǾϲ
ҿκǲǣҿµ·ǲǣҿԺһµظɻ׬֣ñ˵ƿǲǣ
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һʮũŮˣʱҲǼ֧֮һ
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ҺܺðŶõҵȻԶӹòأŶ֮ǰһֱҽԺҲ˸ߴңҵ峤ˣСøһҲϲһ׮ɣ
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ӡУǸֻһľګ˰˵ΪΥĸ뷨Ȣɩ֮ԭͲܴܴˣ֮ҲӳĬˡ
֮󣬺ɩһΣĬάɩ֮ɩ֮󣬴ɩ뿪˼ȹһ֮źͼͨš
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ɻʱ򣬸첲Ȼקˡ
תͷԼ߲˵ѩȻ˳תͷЦеĽࡣ
һ˲䣬顣
ˣ
һŮһ峤ѣӦֵɣ				

374´


ƽĲܵĳһ
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ѩǶԼţĽЦá
ԼΪ˵һ仰벻ô
ĲġϾҵ˲ģĵˣһҹĵˡȻҶѾˣһôģҶ㣬Ҳ˺ô
ָָѩĲӡ
㵽ڣǲҪָ˵ô֪ģ˵ĻЩðܶࡣ
ָָ档
øᣬһֹڴ峤Ժ˵ᱻ˵ģҲܻᱻᡣ㻹ڼ֣
ѩЦڱдһ仰
ҵưֹͣΪңҲΪһӣ֪ġ
ѩţĽųһ
˺ĲͬһĸͬļֵܽãҲһ˶ĲĽĵÿˡ
ãã
㡣
Ľڷ淭кĲתͷͼߴߴһȺ˽ţΪ׵淡
СͻָյĻãÿߴߴ˵ͣ
ĸΪǲٳִ㣬и˴峤ԱС⼫ˡ
˵䣬Ѿ˽
㣬㣬ȥĶ˰üûм㡣
ǰ㣬Һ㰡أ㿴

һһ˵𾢶ʯͷȴں˵ʲô
Ľǰ漸úöĺӣתͷͼСһ
ڸأ
㿴ңҿ㣬ֱͣ˵
ˣ
ˢˢҡͷ
ʲô
ͲסĽʣֹ˵˿ڡ
Ҫȥ壡
Ҳǣ
ĽǴһ˲Ȼĵ˵ͷ
һ¶Ϊʲô˵
½㲻á
ţ
ʯͷ͹һӦĵġ
С۵ɫĽ˹ѯû˯á
ʯͷʾԼ˯úܺãȴ״˵⼸ʯͷû˯
˵˵ţʯͷۡһ¿˳˽ĽĻ棬ޡ
ȿˣ޹ˣźߺѯĽࡣ
㣬᲻һûˣ
Ľ뵽 ĸ֮ǰȥˣӻûйȥ೤ʱ䣬Ӱ
ԼһֻĹ͵壬Ȼûаϡ
ĽʹԼĲΣŰ§֤һ¡
˵˼飬ֱʾڶԴʯͷȥҽԺˣʯͷڷ
ĽżӳȥԷʱ򣬾ȵķ沢ûгĲӰתͷѯƽô¶
ƹǿίرʾĲմ󺣻֮մΪʲôĽ˵Щ̫մѵһ֮뿪˼ң
Ȼ׷뿪ˡ
ĽЦЦû˵ֻתͷԴ
ʵ
͵ĺӣڴͰɣ
ƫƫСرסĽ࣬һЦ
㣬ҲϲǡģҸأ				

375Ұ

ĽЦõع˹ıӡ
ǣ㲻ϲǣʱߵСѶиĸףԼûеʱҪˣ
ŬŬָͣԱߵʯͷ
ûϵҾ͸ʯͷһ治ˣ
ʯͷҲͷʾԼҲûиĸס
ĽȻ漴ӱסԼȴ󺰡һн㡱ʱЦˡ
ʵˣ飬ҲһָֻǸĸףô
ѩģȻûĽĺóԣǱѩǰʮָմˮ飬Ľ㡣
ǽҪǽָ۹ȣ컹Ҫʹá
û˷˵˺飬Ľһ˯
֮ǰѾ֪˽ҪݺһռңһԼҵĻǽгʾҪĽȥҽԺ
ƣ·ٷһ˵Һô
ݺһЦҡͷ
ܣϾҪϴ󿴲ģ۵ˣϴǾΣˣ
ҲŵЦ
ΪϴҲҪȥ
ɲôһ;˿զ죿

ˣĽҲûиǿݺԼܡ
ҽԺҽԺѾɽ˺ˡ
е󣬲ô洦𷢱۵ʣҽãҽԺĲ˺Ͳ˼Ǿڿ󾰶һΧ˸ˮйͨ
Ľϵʱ򣬹Ժְ֯ɢ
Ⱥм䣬ʯĻ֦չվڹߣؿĽࡣ
ΪʱĹںͶԷѺõĽ̸
Ľ֪ݣܺԻĻܹ淢Լ
ʱĹҲĽǸܡ
ȴ룬ʿĽʱȿҪˣһ֡
գǳԵЩĶܳԵǸǵķ˼ֱ̫ѳˣ޷ʡ
ǰǰҵڶӻǿյġ

ż˵ͷ絷ģĽҲΡ
Լ˵ʲô
ߴﹾһѣܽһ£ȫԼӶˣҪԷ
ðɣ
ĽشһȺ˽˳ȻӿʼԼ
˿ŷĽĶһŵüæ뿪λܹȥԹۡ
գ㾹Ȼ
찡գôСҽ㾹Ȼ
գϵǵʹô
Ķذ㡭

ߴһѣԱ߼Եȫ±ƣһ֪Ļֻڹ顣
ֻǣȵǵĻ֮󣬴Ŀࡣ
⣬Ҳ̫ˣ
֪߳ܣʲô鰡ǻ֮ǰЩоҽѧô
Ľ࣬ڸ

ѧ̲סˡ
ԭͶûʲôøУ˵Ļһߡ
Ϊ˼ˣΪ˼Ҽ߳ΪҪѧϰ˼ҵļͱ죬˵Ѿ˸ˡ
ʯЦһѾĽ಻˳ˡ
ã
ǺǣĽ಻ô֮ǰŹͿɲҪ޽˼ң˴磬֮ǰ˵㵱ʱڣù͵Ĳ˹ڣȻڴ֮ͥ¹ˡ
˫ֻأмƳǱߵĽһۡ
ߣ֮ǰѾ岻ˣЩô˵Ļ
ɫ˲䣬˵ĽϹͽܣǹ͵ľˣĽֻһͨͨСҲöһС˵Ļ
ұ죬˵ͲҪ˵ڹ⣬˺ֱ֮ӵıģǵİ֣һǺͰ֮İһϲϲԷϲ˯ô򵥡
Ժ֮ǰҪĽùϵһĻæڡ
Ǻǣͬ־Щ˿ǹˣʲôĻܻ֮ĵ⽻ϵġ㿴ߵˣҪ˾ҧȻԼʱҲ۵ˡ
ƽɫƽؿʯһۡ
ߣԺ㲻ҪЩһƽϡ˿ġԼ˼ۻ಻;ñ˵뷨Լһ
ʯ˵ѵԼ˵ô
ʶԺԷ˵Ƿ֮ŵɫס
Ǻ£Ǿ塣
ˣô͸⽻Ϲϵˣ
̵̻ʱƽĻǣԼеŭȫдƽϡ
ĿŴУȻҽѵңôõô㡭
ֻǣû˵ڣѾ߬ĸ첲ְ⡣
˴磬˴硭				

376Թ

ſڣһ³ضԴʯ죬ǱߣҪǧһ
Ҿ㣬͵ʲô̵ģĲ㡣
ʯ۾Щġ
ո˵ʲôʲôû˵
ңոմҶôģԼô˵дô
ǸĽԼĳ£ԼôͲ˵ˣ
ģҲ˵
˴磬ҴˡҪҲǵĴƭ˵ҪͶиʲộ㲻
ĬĿʯ֮ĿĿڡ

ȵ뿪֮ʯźݺݵһ
ǰҲûзֹϵô¡
ǻȥ֮󣬴ҶѾԵòˣһڳĽպãеֱΪ뺯Ľȥġ
ĽЩǰĿתƵ˹͵ϡ
ԭѾõ˹͵Ĳϣ濴˱ȿɰͰ͵ĲҪõöࡣ
ۣ͵Ŀ­ǿģҲûô
Сĺ֮ǰ˵ĻӦóɹʸ󡣡
ǰǰ
Ľû취չʾһԼôֻ׿Լļľ顣
ҽ͹ڵҽΪѧϰϵͳһʽһټϸָĹϵ߲ر
ҲΪĽñҽǴһ̥ǵĸо֮ǰޣ֮ǰ壬ǳһ׮¡
͵ʱѾ֮ˣɹĿаٷ֮߰ʮ
ĽʾԼѾˡ
ɹ޷;ʲôʣ޷֮ǰԣôרѧڣܻ⣬ڣԱ֤һεһ⡣
⡣
硣
һĽǲǿԳɹһ棬ĵڣɹ֮Լڹǰͻʲôı֡
˸߲ҵؽԼŵʵǻԹ޵ԹӣǼң˶ˣȥŮ˽ʵ
뵽ĽԼ̬ȣúߵĿԱȽϴһ
ĽҪңתͷͼſĹ飬һЦ
ͬ־һܵİɣ
ͷ
ҵĶӣôܲģ
ûΪ㲻ᵣأϾô궼ģΪɽԲʳˤεʱݱץʱĶΪǵĲɨǵʱĶڼʼվＷè򣬾;Լһΰĸˣ
ڡҧϾ䣬۵ȫǷ̺ͼЦ
ǶԼĸףĽ඼û˵ôĻ
Ϊԭûи顣
ɹͲǡ
ССͣȥĸ뿪̸Լ챻ܺùô
Լ˵һԱȥ
ǰһڹ͵ļ䣬ûԼǣҲ𺣣¹֮ذѰףΣ
ףѾûˣ
Ľ˽ȭͷ۾ؿŹ顣
ͬ־ڴŹԭǣȻĻ
û˵ȥܹôѡԼ֧ԥ
ǰιͺԥվԼҲ޷˵վı
Ľºݻֱ֮ӽҡ
ʱѾΪҶعأһ˵۾ƵؿＸ𷢱۵ֹʲôȻԱ߰ӷķ룬ЩãȻ±ơ
絽֮һ˲ʧ
Щ붼ǹʱģϾַǹٷʵ飬ò˼⽻룬ϻвҽѧǷ䡣
Ľಢǣһ˽ߴﹾĻĸһǷ
ԺӼԼ뷨ĽһĸĺӣȻڵĺôģ
ĽҲںǵ۹⣬ֱתͷҽ˵Ͽʼ
ѾʼĬżм֮𣬴ؿҽе˹͵ԴȻ󡭡
˽һʱ䣬ΪͷвλҶȽϽ棬һҶ۵òᡣ
ۿҽοǶļҽ
ֻźǣûпĽļ				

377Ժ

Ժ󣬻
ĽԱԹһտȻеƣĺ㡣
һΪԼȷǵַѧ˲ٶһ棬Ϊ͵ɹˡ
ţͼûˣ
ڽ֮ǰͰ˳°ǳˣ֮󣬴Һúõسһ٣ţרǱ°ĳʳˣֱ֮лę́ˡ
һȵδһȵ
ȫͻд֮󣬴Ÿظסĵط
Ͼǹٷ֯ҶԷģ˼õģֻڸҸӾס˶סд
ĽûߣȻɹûʮĸСʱҲ㻹ûйΣڡ
֪Ľ಻͵Щѹ˸տʼĺ֮ڼʯ֮Ҳڹĺøеȵס
֪ԼܴѹͰиĽ࣬Լʯ조ؼҡ
ȹ뿪֮󣬴ߴߴ˵
˵ϴԼȻи᲻ãԼµˣ
ޣʲôµǽмˣ
࣬࡭
ܶðɣ

һصسţݺЩֺسĽ˹ȥ
Ľ࣬ϴĵɣѾô
Ľ಻ϲ飬ҲûҪԼĲϲ̲סҡͷЦ
һ˵Ǳ˾ģߵ˾ġǾˣѾˡ
ӹ͵а뿪ǻͺ޹ˡ
ʱ䲻ˣĽ򷢼뿪ݺʾֻĽһչ˹ͣ㣬Ҳ
˵ʱЩԹ顣
ĽһСС͵СɹȴһүǶǱѹϲ֮飬ĽһչҲðɣ
ΪˣǸ˵Թ˲١
Ľ໹Ǿܾˡ
ģ˾˻㣬첻Ҫϰˡ
ݺＸȻߣǱĽȰˡ
С°֮ŹģĽҹѯ˹͵Ĳ֮˵ĸϰ
˶ˣ»鶼Ӧ㻹İ˴æˡ
Ľ֮ǰѾǰ˰æ˲ٸϰϣϾҲǱ༭һԱеϵ
æʱ临ϰô
СĵĽȴû취˵ȥ
˾ˣ֪Ϊʲôô
Ͳ˵ΰ飬ԼǮǸסԺʱæǰæ󣬸Ϊ׳ƣͲһܹģ
ΪҵĻҪȥҲҪԼҡ
ŲϵˣƵ̾Ϣһ
һҿĻҲ
Ľ೯ųСҡҡͷ
ԣҲ뿪ġ½겻ܲμӿԣôһᣬһлᡣ
ʱѾʮһ£߿Ѿûʣˡ
Ľ࡭
˾˲Ȱˣʱ˾ˣС˾ǶิϰϰܱǸҿһʱ䲻ܰǸϰ
Ľ࣬˵ʲôǰﲻæѾˡ
˵ףĽҲûЪչ˹͵˼
СֱӰѸϰϸĽ˲ҪпʱĻԷۡ
Ľ൹ûܾϾϾûԼ¶ˡ
רѧߵڣôĴû᣿ȻҪúõѧϰһȻƵܹŪѧò
ĽûϵҲûȤֻһŹ͸Ͻѹ
賿ĵѵģĽԤʱ仹Ҫöࡣ
ʱĽ໹˯֪顣
ͼѵ۾⼸ʱ䣬Ȼû۾ǶĸиоģõǶˡ
֪黹ŵʱһ֮һŭ
Ľ˵֮ǰһС뿪˼ңЧ
д󰮣ԲԼԲ̵̣ʱ򶼻СˣԼСûףûĸףﳤ˵ûԹ޸ܡ
䣬񻹳ԼļͥûԼһۡ
µʱ򣬹˺ܶܶࡣ
뵽ǳ棬ĽûоԼֻߵԼʱĽûΪԼ±ߣȹ᲻Լѡ
뷨ܿ챻ȥ
Ѿһˡ
Ľ˵Ǿ仰ˣԼҲˡ
һҪʱ㲻ڣҪʱҲûгֵıҪˡ
Թ˵һˡԼ޹صˡ
ԣԼܺõذԼȥ
뵽תͷһſڴ߳˯ŵĽ࣬ůһӿ˳
Ժ󣬻				

378ʲôʱϲư

ʲôʱϲư
Ľһ˲俴ʱĸжҸ͵ʱ򣬷Ǹ˵ģĵġ
ţЩӵæûа׷ѡ
壬ˣҪҪˮӶ
ҡҡͷ̰ſĽСڿ۵ɫʱķۡ
Ľ࣬ûˣ ȥϢɣ
˯ʱ죬ܲ³ĽһʱʲôЩרѧôô׵ĻǴҶˣֵõһСŮӣ
ĽЦеҡҡͷ
أ˯úñһۡˣ壬֪ôȫΧڶѾ֪ͨˣеĴѧȫϽʱ
Ǿһϰһˡ
͵ͷ֮ҡҡͷ
ѾôˣȥϰȽϺá
Ľ಻Ը⣬ɹӲҪ֣˵˷ôõʡ
ڽţ˺Ȼ˷š
ǹʯ죡
ȷܾϲǰϲѯʹ͡
ˣ
㲻ǳ۾ѵû
üͷڲ˷Լڹϣɹʯ۸Ľࡣ
ĵߡ
ͣôô˵ְҲΪԿ˶ѡôûûСģĺӶ磬ְֻأ
ôңһ˶ʮˣƺż游׵⻹ǵأ˵ǣ̸ǣһǣǼʮ꣡λͬ־Եĳʲô
֪ͿܻԹԼû뵽;ȻôԹԼ
ҲǣԼѾôʱ䣬ûϼңҲûȥĸ׵ķĹϼһ¡
ʱҲΪܱ¶ݣԲܺͼһ˿һϵһҲûȥݣ滹һֽſԵȹԼ֮һȥ
Żĸ׶ԼԹ޿ܻһ
Ľͺ͹ŵģüͷЩá
ĶƫģȻƫ͡
ͬ־Ŷͬ־ǲˡܲչһ²˵˵ԴҸոն
ڵҪľ
ͷĿؿһ۲ϵĹ͡
ãߡͣúϢ֡Ҹ㡣
ȹ뿪֮Ľ۵ĿŹ͡
ˣƺԼһûиĸԵ֡
ԼѾΪԼһҰԼĸĸ֪͵δôȥ
ûмǴͻһҳߵĸס
壬ѹ߻ҡ
΢Ц
ҲѹΪʲôҪѹ
һӣԼ˵ĸĽһ˵ģԸ⡣
˵ģһˣˣҲˡСʱѾûˣԡ
û˵ȥĽѾ˶Է˼
ûپȥ
ҹ͵ĺþҲûг̫ʱ䣬­֮Դлָڵģһָʹࡣ
ȻۣҪץӣ۵Ҫй
û취Ľ෢йŭֻݺǵʱ취ĽȰߡ
޹֮ڳСŵʱ
ǵϴǷһôԻˡ
СԭΪҪʨӴ󿪿ڣû뵽ȻֻһҪĽߡ
㲻ҡΪֻҲôôѧϰҲΪ߿׼ôãҲźңӣʲôʱ򷢷˺
Ľŷýţ仰
ͷԼķУЩ޴롣
ûԼһĴչ˹ͣҲš
һĽЦŽš
壬˾ˣ˵ʲôأҽԺԴ
ֱҪ̫áҲ˵ǰķ˲óԣҪӪ壬Էɣ
װµİѷд򿪣Ȼι
С忴ȥˣһסĽĸ첲˵ҪԼ
ôԸ⣿
ҪĽߣÿιֿԽӴĸôܹˣ
ڣĽ˵˻
˾ˣιһΡˣ֮Ҫȥϰˣһʱ䣬ŬŬӦÿԵġ
Сε̾Ϣһͷ
Լ⣬ǹ֮ЩζȻʧ
ܿ죬ջԼе˽뷨
һˣ˽ռС
һٷ֮󣬹;ʹߴĽϽؼҡ
ͬ־ͬ־ĸãʲôʱϲư 
йĻʿЦеشȤ				

379

ͣ
Ľࣺ
С壺
ҿԼı鲻̫ԾСʿһ±ơ
ôˣ˵ô
ĽЦеҡҡͷҲ⡣
ûϵôƺܿҪϲˡңأ
Źͼ۾ǵù֮ǰ˵ԼϲһС顣
˵źȻ뵽Լʲô顣
ͶѾסԺôˣǸСȴһζûгֹΪļҳǸͲô⣿
Լ߻վųС壬Ľ಻˵ʲôֻųúøòһ£Ͼ֮ܲƹͰ
Ľ˼ң治סĲг
ƺѾĽѾʵżĲ
մ󺣺ܿԼӣ˱˵Ȼӡ
ǰӣֱûˡ
󣬼ǳɵģĲÿҪ飬˯𴲣Է֮ǰ͸ĽԻµ㲥ٲȻûµ棬ɵһǴүΡ
ڿĽڸϰ˵Ҫ߿ʱǶ˼ҵĽ࣬ҪĽĿαԼã˵Ҫѧ
ǰһѧʦΪԼǲġ
һθ߿רȥˣ˼˵ͶϣŷҲţԼô˵һ״Ԫء
ԼϹһǧһģƫƫĽһ֡

ƾʲôԼҲһԼＸ֡ǸϴѧԺóԵĶԡ
ǿѹŲͺĽࡣ
ĽԼǰ軹ϰֱǺ˰۵ĵѾ֮ǰԼıҾ˭ɵˣѾ֮ǰĲΪʲôؽȥˣ
Ҳ˵ԼѾ˳Ժöͣ˵ϵĺƭСӵĻԼҲһýȥ
Ҿ⻰ȥƭСࡣϾ趼ᱻֻƭˡ
ҪƫƫĽʲô
˵ˣĽǮǵãʲô۶ӵĻʰ̸ǹ
ңĻȫĽģҲҲ
ƫƫĲĽȥ˵ʱĵذĽóֱ˲Ųȫˡ
Ľû飬֪ĲĹ
ЦһĲͳĶˡ
Ĳ˫ֻأҡͷЦ
㲻ôôôǣԼԼã˵Ļֵ˭
˵꣬ĽôѿԽ
Ľ࣬㲻ҪһôѧôںúÿϿҾͲţӵİˮƽܿʲôѧУѧУҸ߿ˣ
סڣ
ſںȻմ󺣵ĺǳ
Ĳ֮ǰԼĸ׶ԼȽϺöΪĻΪմ󺣶Լ۶η常׼֡
֣ˣҲܹĽ࣬ƣԭúõһˣ֮󣬸Ǹûĵİһһ۶ǡԼԼ֪ŪĶˣƫƫҪ
֪ŪĶˣĽĶһֱԼķţѲ鳤ȶԼ˲ɣ
ո⽨ţ⻰˵Ĳ治ҽӡ
ĲҾ㣬ϰóҿԸĽ顣ȻĻ
֣ôҲ׶ӺòãôĽ˵
㻹֪ҶӣЩΪʲôΪʲô㡭
һʾĲشЩ߳ŭ
úúãǰһйʱÿ꺮ůҹػûйˣûˣ ҡ㻹ҵĺðְ֡Ļ
ĲڴƣĽʱŭѾ˼£ôԸĲŪЩ
Ƿɿؿڴ˶ԷĻ
û֮Ҳ֪Ψһ֪ǣٲסڣһ˹ץҲ
ֻ˵ǸаԵˣЩڡ
ȻһʱĲڰ֣Щͷؿڡ
ǣߵģǷŽˡҪöòˣôҪϴѧǾͶҪˡ
ĽŭЦ
ôҵĺö²֪һ飬ΪԷһ飬Ҵ˺üף֮ҾȻף׶ڳ棬ԭ컹Ҫ˸أҿ˿Ǻǡˡ				

380ʲô˵

ʲô˵飿
ۿĲֱӱɫĽЦһǰĲͺվһĳһˡ
һ飬ǾǺź㣬Ҹϰ֮ǰԺҪסˣ
˵ʲôУǲסס
˭֪أүү˵ˣҵķӣ˭ס˭ס
Ľذ˸ˣĲվſŭĽ಻Ҫ۶ǵȵۻĴ
մ⻰ŭɶɨѾҪ壬ȴĽסˡ
үүˡ⼸ҹƵȥסˣﲻҸոնƭģһôҪô鰡
ʵҲһĻԡ
һŮһǶӡ
մȷվĽһߵģĽԼҲұ֤մ󺣻᲻ԹԼ
һ飬ȥֲʲô
ĸģҪԼӺõġ
մһ㶣ȻĽڰ֡
ӣøסְ֣Ǹôһ֪ôòҪϴѧϴѧˣƾ;Ҫɹˡ
Ǿ仰ʲôүү֧㣬Լרȥɣ
ĽЦеصͷмʰ
СǶĽĺȻЩ±ƣ֮˷ˡ
ѵʦ
ǿαȷһЩģӢֱҪ̫ѣĽ֮ǰ̵ǵģҪѵöࡣ
ĽҲûоܾ˽һ飬ԼҲϰ˺ü飬䡣
εİ취ǳ֮ǰɻ˻Ȼ
Ľ࣬ҿԺҲҪҽˣֱȥʦɣҸоǰʦû̵úá
Ľ೯һ˾˷˸ۡ
ǽĸϰѾȥ˳
滹һֻ˾˰ѼɱˣȻѼˣ
ͷŽ֮һ裬һȥҽԺ
֮ǰȷĽ뿪񿴵ĽȻԼĲǾϲǾš
ôˣôȻˣ
ΪʲôҲܺȻѲɹʲô˵飿ǣʲôˣ
ãʱֻĽ͹ˡ
ĽҪ͹ͺúǸϲĹװĴ˿
û뵽ǣԵɫһ죬ȻЩߵĲ̧ͷ
Ľһ
Ѳɻģ
Ľ滷һܣҲûп̽ĺۼ
ѲɣǸСģ
ǲ֪ǲ£ֻ߼̫ƶࣿ
ҲӦð
ĽʱԼһԼҶ̸ȴĶӵһ벻Ǻ˵ĸס
̫ˣľУ
壬ǸѲɸո̽㣿
ûУ
һͷˮؿĽࡣ
Ϊʲô
Ľüɡ
ǵĻոչʲô
ͿĽһַ֮ɿصͷȻ뵽ԼĹĽģɫΡ
棬ԼĽ࡭
͵Ľǰһ֮󣬷ɿɨԼݺԼֶΪ
ʱɣԽҪʲôԽҪʲô
ԽǲԼעĳЩطǹܲסһͣǱƳһۣƳһۡ
Ľŷˣû뵽ͻԼʲô뷨
㷹Ū׼ùͳԵʱ򣬾ͼɫѾƨˡ
ʲô
Ǹ壬ǲ̫ˣڷհȻȥ¼ƣ¶ȡ
͸ɿһԼ߹̶Ľϣҡͷ
ǲˣֻеȶѣеȡ
ĽͰ֮ǿϿ˹͵Ļ
ԼһСž֮»صԺ
ǲڼסŲ˳ģҪȥҼסǸ˻ûлؼң˾֮ǰʱҲ˵ǵ뷨ǻȥסɣðҿӣϾô˶ôСķ治ʡ
ڳСǻסڳСķϾһиô㡣
Ľָʢһ뼦ֺЦ
壬ͷѾˣͲҪЩ˺ôһǱ۸ֵô㾴һߣҾһɡңһԲ˶ߡΪڵһμҵʱ֪һʲôˡ
Ҳ뵽ԼһμĽʱʱĽ໹ֻһ
ĻëѾͷ
ʱֻǾȤʱû뵽ԼȻһСŮ˼Ҳû뵽ǸСﾹȻԼеĻҪһǧһ򱶡
֪Խǣһǻᵣġ				

381°

壬軵ҵġ¶Ҫ˵Ļɽɽˮˮʱ㲻ˣͶ·ˣ
Ľ˵١
ȴɫࡣ
Զ
ҪչΪһѡ
Լ˼ԼԼɻĬĬػ
Ľ˵˵ն̲סŴЦ
ôǹϲλأԸأҪһ˰ռأ
ͿĽࡣ
һǧ䣬һ仰˵ڡ
˵ԼģģǸԣֻš
Ӧġ
Ӧأ
ûܣ
㻹ûлشӦأ
ӦҾ뿪
ͿĽ࣬ĶĽ࿴ĸ
ӦԼĽãԼ뿪ԶԶؿ
ĽǾȣŰա
ƺԼʻƫҪĿģ·ʣȻòظѯʹǸŮӵһУֻͿȫ³Ķ֮֮Ȼˡ
еȻôã
Լڹжûù
Ľҧҧꡣ
壬Һֻѡһѡ˭
ͻûشĽϻһ⡣
뿪ô
Ҳǣ㡭ԣԡ

˵˼ΣĽ඼Լ˵⣬ܸоԼڹһ
ɻһʵӣͿ˿ڡ
ϣ˭棬Ȳ㡣һӶ
Ļ̌ͷȻײ˹ĺɫͫ棬ôһ˲ͣţʼҼ٣ɿ
ͿԭصĽ࣬ЩɻؽȴĽȻ񣬼ҴҵسŹҡҡͷ
壬ǸҺȻһеҪ죬ˡټ
Ľһ뿪ҽԺ
վڴϣظԼؿڣҵķӦɻڡ
ңԼ뵽͵ʱҡ
ǡ
Ľ಻һɵӣѾǰ˭ʲô

ˡ
ͣ
ԼԹ͵⣬ԼԹ͵ģԼԹ͵⡭
ֻΪͶãԹô
ֶֻŮĳݺϲô
ûѪԵ
֮ĽҲûлţûоò
ϾκһСһάʱ򣬻޶ԣ
Ľ뿪֮üͷѾݺݵ
Ľ뿪һô򵥣Ȼû˵ֻҪ֪
ڿ˵Լرӣǰմ󺣺裬ĽһĲôϾѾԼ˳
ԣô֪Ľ౻۸֮󻹵޶أ
ϣлʿ鷿ʱ򣬻Ǯ˸ݺ﷢˵籨ݺＸ˲һĲǵϢҲ͸¶Ľ֪
ݺＸѹ͵Ļʥּ˵Ҫ飬˵ҵĲǣȥԼ֪˸׶
Ƿ˱үӸϳ֮ȥ˳ңǳҲֵСĵĸܵңѳ˸ѪͷĲվ򱧲ƽǸϱĵܴܵһ١ɷͶԷ󳳲ĳ֣ѵϱˣϱĺӵûˣұŭ׼˸鲻˵вҪǮ
ǳҲȣԳ˳ҲǮû뵽ڶԷҪǸʱ򣬳Ǹ˻Сĺ͸ĸҲַˣϱס˼źϱ
ǣĲͳأ
ݺ룬ԼҲĲ͸ˡ
Լ飬ȴƫƫҪԼϱƽԼ͵͵ضںĬⲻʲô
벻ͨôĽŮ
ĲڳҳԳԺȺȣҲµظɻҲʲôһ٣⼸ڼˣҳȥȫʣ³ϴϱסڼźǡ
˵ݺǹԼҲ֡
ƫŮҲе̫˰ɣ
ǣҾôһŮûҪи߰ɣ
¾ǵ޵߳谮Ůմ󺣣󲻻Ƿѩ
ȥ飬ϴϱʲôȻʱ˵
ݺͷأͷԸҪĽࡣ
׼߿ȥ鷳
ڹ棬һΪĽ㣬ҪĽ࣬ȫˣĽ⺷ˣôܷԼ۸֣һίĺһ۸
ⲻķ
Ҫǻؼһˡ
磬СҵĽ࣬ĿĽϡ
Ȼ󣿡
ĽĿԼ鱾ƿ΢Ц				

382Ҫ

Ҫ
С۾
ɩûˡ
ͦϧġ
˵ɩĸĸ״ܵһ𵽼֣˵ǲʹڼóԼŮź򡣡
ô
ǣԣйô
ĽתͷųС壬̯̯֡
˾˸˵ЩҪʲô 
Ľֱʳ˿ڡ
С屻ʵҲֻ֪֪Ϣ֮󣬵һ¾;Ľġ
ϾĽԹжг𱨳Ը൱
Ľʵϣ˵˿ڡ
˵ڣĽȴԡ
Ľ๴ǡ
û˸ľֵܣҶͶסҵġʲôû˵
ĳЩʲôû˵
һУÿѡ
ĽֶκͷʽС˲ֹһˣÿμҪ̾һ
㾡ģͷƤ顣
ȷֻ΢΢ṩһϢԺķչʲôûв룬Ľ֮ǰѾϵԺ
ƫƫԹʲôϾʲôû
ģֻЩھУ˴ѡǡ
뵽ĳСؿĽһۣҡҡͷ
ûʲô顣
ȷûʲô飬ʲôأ
޷ֻǡַ죬סڳңټĳңԭڵһ˵ķ
ѵľ档
˾ǶҪؼôã˵ķӿס˾˺ԸĻǿһȥ
֮ǰǣ޷Ҫѡ
ĿĴﵽԻȥˡ
СȻԸ⣬ϾϱôˣͼֵôСķסţ̫ʡ
˵ҪؼңһѶʰʰ˹ͼ
ɣԥ˼Ĺϼңͷּ
֪ͼŻԼǷģɵķ̲֮ס̾
ǺӣΪҸ˲١
үүôˣ
Ľˣÿվſһ̾Ĺ飬ߵȻʯ죬غˡ
Сﵽ׻᲻˵Ǽңǲ
ܻ˵ô
ĽЦҡҡͷ
֮ǰȷʵԻϾǹ˼ҡأӽ֮ǾͲܻˡ
Ϊʲô
ֻʯ棬Ҳһ졣
֮ǰΪǻһֱŷӣǼô컹ûл;ǿ̫ܲҪؼҡãȱǮãͰѷˡ̶ͬ߹ˡ
νĺͬĽʱʱȥҹҪһŴǩֽ
𣬺Ǻǣ
ôǮ棬 ˵ʲô
ң͹һ¶˺͹һ¶Ϊ׼ġ
ȱǮ
üͷ塣
Ľͷ
ǵģȱǮȱǮҪǮסԺҪǮôˣȢϱҲҪǮϾû˸ĸҪΪԼô
˵ȢϱʱĽüͷ
Щա
һĿҪȥˣȻѾ֪ԼԹ͵˼Ȼ᲻ж
һϲ֪ԼܵĽҲûа취ԼȥһĵߣȷǸŮ˵ƷΣõĻȻף
õĻ
ĽЦһĿǰϡ
˵ô
ȷǲ
ĽùСʱЩС˵Ƹ黹һ˼ĳˣСͲֻһӡ
Ľ࣬ôô˵֪˴û
ûô ûô
Цһ顣
үү⻰԰ɣһξüͷѾʮأЩʱΣ
鲻룬ҲԸ롣
ѡڡѵͷҪȥЩ飬ԼҲˡ
תͷͣҲԼǷ͵Ķкܶ࣬Ժʱ仹кܳ㹻ʱȥֲ
㲻̽ңҲΪͺԩˡ֪Ƿܶ࣬Ҳ֪ԺҪôҵĶӣǰѾȥˣԺҺúֲġ
Ľһûб𴩵ΣüЦŵͷ
ôٺòΪˣʲôҶҪ㸶ۡ
Ľᣬ˵ĻȣҲ⡣

ʯȴĽЩ֣ɻû˵ͱˡ
˴磬ˣ
ǿô
鵭ؿһۣҡͷ
Ҫ				

383ˬôˬ

Ľֺ֮γΪԺǣ
뷨ȷȷذҪԺһߡ
չ͵ԸԺһദĹУȻ͹磬ĽγǸ룿
ĽҲ֪ΪԼͬ顣
СǻؼһˣģҲһ
֮ǰֻ֪汻ɩˣɿȻҵô̲סһ
СȽϳ嶯ֱӱʾԼҪȥĸ磬һǲǼңӻ
û룬ԼҵĻ;ɩ̫֣Ǵʹסһʱ䣬ڵֵһôҲĸ磬ҵ׻ǲļңǵ׻ǲĸļˡ
СסСһеìܵ㣬ڹƫĵĸĸͲ֪£˽Ĵʹϡ
͵쵽׽ǻʲô飿ҪȥɩΪ˵飿ԽԽˣٶҪɹٻ¥Ҫ˵ʱ򡣡
Сһתǲ֪ҪʲôųС˵û
СѧҲСԼҪϰҪԣҾǹⵢѧϽǹǲԵġ
СС˵Ƚί񣬿ɳСǼСһ˵ˣ˵Ļּֿ죬ֱ׵ֱġ
㣬ǣǰһˣôǲæҲˣ񻹸Ҷ졣ǳӲˣɵøˣǹܲסǰɣ
ŭӡ
˳˼ˮ̴֮󣬿һԱŵ۹۱ǣǹĵĳǷƵĵ̾Ϣһ
ӵ뷨ǶԵģ񼸸ڣɵԺ˼Ұæ˵仰
С壬֮ǰ˵ҪμӸ߿
С徫һ֪صˡ
ͷ
ո˵ڹôæԸϰôˣ
ȻѾ˲٣׻Լ׵Сų˳ĳСףԼҵһⷬҪһͺܲѰһ
ãÿϰ࣬ٻȥһϰһϣǸϵϵġ
Լҵ˼С岻˵ѡһȽеĻش
˳ˮ̴Ժ˺
Χûһ˵˶˳˳ϣڡ
üԼϰϰԽԽˣ֮ǰһ뷨ΪʲôôԼϾô꣬ǵȷлʵ˲ô
ĻǼָʲôأ۳һĴ峤
ͷӡ
Ļ˳ǵЩ㯣ãȥ֮󣬸Ǽᶨ
ǧٴЩһ
ҪϰҲţ񲻵û˹һû˽һҲǴʹסڼסɩĲ룬С㷴ʱϴѧҲҪְͰѹɣҲԿ಻𣿡
ҲԱȰ˵
ǰǰСʱǿɲСʱҺûʱչǣǼӲ඼Ǵġǡ
Сˡ
Ҫķֱ˵Ĩǵġа˵ĸ絹ģҺСʱ򣬴ѾҪ˰ɣ
СΪСޣĬĬ̾ҺûϱȻǼëƤһ¶
С⣬СǷǲֵˣȻеֱڿ죬ֱڿȻˬô¶
ˬ˵ĳСĿ׼˳
㣬أ
ǸԼԼ֪̫ãǱĸ׵Ļĵ׵˽ˣԼ˵Լĸ˵ǶԵģСҪȥѧˣҪûá
С壬˵û㡭
Сûȵ˵ֱ꣬ӵͷ
õģ֪ˣ
תͷס
֪ǵ˼֮ǰ˵ĽҵģѡҪĽ˼Ը⣬ҾԸ⡣
Ļһ䣬ɫһ
ˣ㲻ԸͲԸ⣬ʲôĽǸѾͷѵ㲻֪ǸѾͷ֮ǰôʹģĻĹǸϳôǻ䵽һô
ȫĽĴԼҵĺӣһûС
Сֱǿ߼
ŭЦ
Ȼ˵ҲĽһĹΣˣ˳ϹϵҾ;ܶġ˸һݹһйԲԸھȥְ				

384¸

ɫһ䣬ԼܵƣóСвԼ
ôõĹСôͬ⣿
ЩֽӲԼô͵ܵߵһԭֻҪԼɷŪӪȴܾܵȻͬ⣬Լ֮ǰЩ롣
ܵһֱôˣôһС鶼Ըæ
ԣһǲǶĽ⣿
ûǸǣһҪԼĸ׺ùԲŪһС
С壬㲻ҪĽƭˡĹ߳ЩССʩ˻˶ĺã
СȻĽ˼ԼĽĻƺ޲ðԼ׵֮ɣ
ĽģѾĳͷˡ
ƫƫЩ˻ʶĽǵʴȡ
ôմ˵һǰ;͹ССݵĻǴеĴʲôУҪҰһССøʹҴ뷨ûУ
Ŀһֱû˵ĬĲϡ
ѵԸҪĽĹϾĽ֮ǰԴ㣬ݺݵزڽŵ²˵Ůġ
ôҲᣡ
Ĳüͷһ壬ԼϹҲǲĵҪһݹϾĽ֮ǰ˵ľګ˶Ѿ˴峤ˡ
Լ˰ٻ¥ĹԱĻһʲôƨ峤ǿңСֻһвűҵˣԼ֮ǰʦɵ飬ô
һ¶ʵϣһ¶
ʱսӲ
˺þãĲŭذһ˦յسųŭȡ
Ѿ˵˲ǺǸѾͷйص鶼ҪңΪʲôҪԼ
ãˮȫõ˳ϡ
ίĺ۾
վԱؿſţȻˡ
ǣסĿڣһһ
˲
Ľڼһ죬ŵȵ糾͵ػصҵĳС
С鲢ïذѽ췢˵һ飬ܽԷԡƫĴ㣬ЩӶȲϡңТ˳Т˳˵¶ҹţ⹤һ첻һͲá
СԥҪҪȥҽԺСæס
ɩǱȥˡҽԺأɩøõǰҽԺΧ˸ˮйͨ˵ΪʹģΪ磬ѹ˵˳ͱѡɩŸոû˺ӣͦŴӹȥһʲô飬粻÷ˣ
СԼĴӣɫ
ȥȥ
˵ԼȥãɶĺҪȥĻԺһ˵ʲôô죿һʲôõӡô죿
裬ȥĹţɹ˲㡣֮ǰûһκӣҲû˺ӣ񶼻ûлأҲڼѹǵڶô
룡
СɫһףͫһŶӺ˼ȻڨڨתͷʾҪȥδĺһС·
֪֮Ľ͡
Եĺˣĺˣֿ׵̷۵ܸŪ˵Ǵʱˮʱӳԣÿŷҩ
棬ĺ˭ۣ
ɲ֪ԼǸý͹žôģ
΢ᣬҲó˵ֻĽĺþС
Լ˵Ľһ˱õģػȥõģǿ籩Ϯ
һŻһĶĽ˵ҪѹĲ
Ϊʲôô
Сߣ˵֮źȻĲĽ׵
ǸðɣϾҲġǣ
ҵҵڲڱСΪ˾˵ȷҪŬϰˣǸҪҪҲνҶǸܲصסһأ
С۾һ֪Ľ಻ôưոݵġ
ʲô
Ľգգ۾һ޹
ʲôΪʲôҪʲôʲô
Сһͷˮ֪Ľ྿Ҫ ȥҽԺ߳Сʱ򣬳С嵭һЦѹĲҪĲڶȥϰࡣ
Ҳ˵С۵õΪֵö˵Ĳ仰֮󣬾ųʼҪǮȥð·
˳һʵһ¿൰ӣʣʵѾزС
֮ǰǸӽ飬֮ǸĲǮ󻹸СһǮǮУҲʮǮʮ飬֮ȫһô				

385ûϵҲ

һαܾЩŭ
ôڿ˵ûǮ֮ǰǻĵһǮѵӾǵĺӣŮͲô
˳

ǲ֪ôóֻۣûĵͲ
Ҫ͵ʱ򣬳ֱ뿪ȥҳСǮ
֪泣Сڰٻ¥ϰ࣬һ٣ÿ¸Ǯ֮⣬ûʲô
СЦá
㣬ҼûʲôôõģⷿӲҪǮҳԷҪǮң֮ǰһʱҶȫǮûؼˣҲ⼸˵ǮǮҲ࣬ҵøϰԣҵȥϴѧʱʲôǮ
Щ̫֣̫ʧˡ
ŭһͨС壬Ƕǰ۶ǣԼСʱǵĺöι˹
ҪҲֻ࣬ǼʮǮѣʱԼǮ֮󲻻øô
С岻ÿɷذˡ
˾ˣƻе鷳
СЦЦ
鷳ˣ鷳
ǿ͵뷨ĸǮ´ξǵԶȡ
Ǯ
Ǻǣ
ʱǷǮǴүҪǮؤ
ǮȥǮƶȴˣȻ̫飬̫Ѫ
׻Ůɷ͵͵ذԼʣµǮȫ˳
֤ȵĲ˹֮һǻû뵽ǣĲûɹ죬ֱӡ
ȥʲôȥȥ㲻˵ҪȥʲôôҪȥʲôһֿһŪŪǸǸôңһոնʮСﾹȻﵽͷŭң˭ĵӣԣ һܵܣһԹĹҪЩ˱ҡ
Ҳô¶ȥϳС壬ȴ֪Сȥ棬óСʼٸߣԼȥΪԼֻع
С꾭ôʱĸλѵѾԼȣͲú棬ѳ˸Ѫͷұ֤ԺһݹûˣǳС壬Ĳùϰˡ
ʧǵߣҾͷԼڵڳԷԼǴ˼ҵ̵İˣǿسǣɿȥ
㣬ôˣǲǷʲô飿
С嵱Ȼ֪ʲô飬ǹġ
ԳСĿ⣬ԼЩ飬ɽ־ãû
ϾĶŮˣһأ¸ɻһر࣬رۣʵǰС壬û
С˴Ĺʾʲô֪ģģԹ
ϰĲϷ鶼˵һ飬ұʾһжǸŮ˵Ĵ˵ǲҪݹΪС룬˵ЩĽȦףҪСԿͷ
СĿ࣬棬ҪģȴûмôҪġ
˵㣬ǲввĻϽȥҽԺڼڱ˺òã˵Ǹࣿʲôģ˼ƾʲô㹤ʰѲΪ㳤úÿÿȥ˿ǮˣҲǣŴ¥ԺĹϧΥ
⺢ӣʹΪã˵ʲôԷԷôԵĻ²ͣ
ûذһצӸ˳С壬ȻְһȸĲ
ԴŮٲȻһϸ
ĲҲˣȥҲУúϢһ¡ǸСɣ
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Բۣ
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ܵҪ飬ȱǮ
ҡͷֱӱʾԼûǮ
ûǮҲνϴҸаɣϾŮĹˣܲܲǰɣοǻҪΪأ 
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ĽȻǰ䣬ո˵֮ǰ鵽ѾһĿ˵Ǹ˿ܻԹв
ĽȻѾʶԼĸ飬ôܰĸϰ
ټЩרǵ룬ˬӦԼ
ǹ;Щ˲ãһ𷢱۵ģ۾ĽϣһһһһᣬҪΪ֪֮ǰѧģǰơ
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䣬ĽԹͺܺúᣬù;ãĽҪȥˡ
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ԣǲֶͷ
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һһ˵죬ȴĽȻ˱顣
ڣǻǿɣ֮ǰô˱ǣܱ֡䣬ѾôʱˣɻûκξԱλǲô
㿴ңҿ㣬ϵıȻ˱䡣
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ҲµĲǵġ֮ǰµһȻҪǶȻƣֻߣҪһ֮ǰһô֮أ
ΪʲôԴ˵ģɴһһ֮Ҫ뿪أʲôı
ĽóһĻԼǵ˼άҪɵһȺˣǹȻãõģȴ
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ԵĻĽԭԼ뿪ģĽڷǵû뿪Ľؾǣô
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ͱǸֱӣֱһͦվĽ
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393ע

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ԱߵĳС壬Źȴһ˼ģ
λϣÿͳСԣʱͫһһ
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395Ҫʲôг

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ŶӴҵǰ߹Ŀбӡ
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СĻڵģѾ˰ٶ֡
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Լĺһ
ԷҲû뵽ĴӾȻôˣŹޱɿذڰ֡
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Լ꣬ĽһһиͣѾϰˣĿҲסҪĽƽƽи磬Լ貮Ͳϧɡ
ԣĽ࿴ĵطԼǲǵĽൽ֮ͷ֣ʵԼûôߣǲԺԽиˣ
ֻҪ뵽Щ;һصСϲ
ɶԷȴεӦ˹͵һ塱ԭҪŹ͵ļ˵ЩʲôأͼѾޱתͷ˳
˵ıôһ˲Σܿɿһڹȥˡ
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396Ҫ뿪

Ҫ뿪
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ʯҧҧɿҡͷҡͷ
ġһЩٱȹʹ꣬ҵҲĳôֻӹɣҺ͹˴չ˺չ˲Լ³ġ֮ǰȰ˼֮󣬼ҪģҲû
˵ͷֻǿŹ͵ı˼
ĹͶˣȴҲûҲûзıҪ
֮ǰһֱĽ֣ɻֺֿ죬ûһǱߴζ˲ˮʼķڳ
ʯ컹ЩС⡣
ͬ־ƣ˵Ĳɣ͵ĺá
ʱҲЩԺԴҿ佱Ļҡҡͷ
УֻһļһѡҲֻڼɨɨ
ӣһЩܼĻ
ȽûϵĵԺҲûв𴩣ܰѷѾˡ
䣬ȵͰɷ˶֮󣬶ڴҵĴ̼ˡ
ɫζȫķˣʳָ󿪡
ҶʼͷԷĲһܲСɻǱ˶Թˡ
Ƚݺݵشһö߸ߵسŹ˴Ĵָ
СӣҼ
ҡҡͷޱϺȻһĨЦ֮ı飬ùȽһ
Сӣԭ̱
ʯ첻Ҫ˵Լ˹ֱͣӰѹʱôĵ۶ԼĸôߵģԼӶ۶۵ȫ˵һ顣
Ƚ͹ͲӻԱ߹ı鲻ÿʯ켱æͣԼҪ庢˯ŲҴҵĽԣšžһ¹ˡ
˵ԼҵĹҪ͹ֱԼĹϵ֤Ǳ߱
û뵽ֱӾܾ
Ϊʲô֪֪ҵġõĻҿԽ
Һòã˵Ҫķģȥʣ
涼˵֪ǿԻˣȻ鶼û¶ۣѾϢ˶ʼΪԼЩǴôຢӺȻũ嵽˳棬λȻ
ҲүүµĹ
ɱϾԼĶӣϾԼǷӲٶٲԸҲűѯʹ;Ҫʲô
ʰӵָ΢΢һ٣ڹǰ¡
ʵûҪʲôϣԼңǳѾƼţҵҵҲ˵ŶУסĵطѾˣߺңϣʱڼҡ
ڼҵĻʱԼҵĻٲԼ˵ʲô涫֮飬˶ַθ
ܲô˵ʯͲһˡ
ɫһ䣬ֱӿڡ
ʲô˼ʲôйңסԼѾˣ
˼ҵȰ֮ȥңѾһ䷿ӣԺǿ˹չ˺ˣٹ˼ҡ
ʵҲһû˵
Ͼʯ˶٣ȹ鲻ڼңԼʯʱԣҲǻ¶Ǹ˼ƽϵˣʯôԼ޹أ˵ʲôʲôںģЩ
֮ԴӦ͹ҲΪ˵Ƿ
ҪǰĽ༴ĵطͳУĽ˻սĵط
ܵĻҲȥϸѧȻúõĳʵԼ
ҲĽ֮ǰЩʽʱԼֻվԱߣʲôס
УΪĽǣߴţǰ·
ϣȵĽൽʱ۶ʱʲô׼õģʲôõģʲôǷġ
ܹΪģĶ
ϧ۹ô˵ǲԸ⡣
ʯҲŭˡ
˴磬ôѾһˣסһǺôУǿӦøоĲŶԣô
鿴һʯ졣
˵Ӧɣ㸸ĸ԰סˣ㻹ÿˡĹպûøҵĵã˼ô
˴磬ôңǣԼҲԼ˽ģ֮ǰùסҲǶѾҰȥôô˵˵ҵùôӲôСôߵÿ
ʯҪҲܰ仰˵
ϴλ۶֮ĸһԼ͹ȥϼʱ飬Լ׵ݺݵһ٣ֱԼĸ׶˲٣Ȼ֪ôźá
ҲԼҪôùԼ
һԷ˵ЩԱ߷Ĺȴûй˼ЩԼĳߴ磬ڱһػͼ
ҪĽһϲһͷβľϲ				

397¶


ԭΪԼԺ͹ͺú̸̸ùͷſǰһУúõع
ϧڶһͼĹѾ֪٣ֻµ֤˹͵ȷڹʵ
æǳæ
ڵ۶ССĵطתһ飬ȻȥͿϣȥ˼Ҿߡ
ټҾ߶ǹһЩöǮȻ̫٣֮ǰ׬һ㹻࣬ΪĽ໨ǮȻ᲻ãڻֱҽȥĳ嶯
ȵŪ֮˵Ĺȥա
ֻǣطʱȴַмɵˣԼһмı顣
ؿŶԷ
ι˵СӣǸİɣѵֵ֪طҪǮģ
ûǣֱóԿףš
ɶԺܼСһۣùͶЩмǷŭش㶯֡
ʹСǴ򵽴ģẦǰļСӣ
ǳ۾һ׷ʱ򣬺ݺݵսȭͷǵϴ˹ȥ
ֺֿ죬СûһͱͷһڵϰӴӴĽиͣ
ڣʹ˴뿪ʱ򣬾ͼһվֱӣݺݵرһָ
Сӣ㹻ݡֻǣǺˣҡļҲһô
۾һУɫһ䣬˵ֳŶԷ˹ȥ
û뵽ͻȻ֣һ߷ˡ
ʵԼҲίƽʱһܴ򲻹һݻ֤Ҳ㡣
û뵽ǰ˵°Ŀ׼ǣݺݵسǴ˹
˶ҪһæҪú
۾ǰˡ
ո˵ʲô˵һ飿
񰲿ˣΪոյǾ仰Űһٴ˵вУ
˵һ䣬ٴһô
ûôɵ
Ǹոʲôû˵ңġ
ĿӼɨ˹ȥ
ֽʲôйλô
Ҷһۣɥ
˸òҪҵסĵطȻбİɣ
ǲƽʱһ˹ҪһѣƭСǮѣ˭֪˾Ȼһͷ
Ǹ磬ƽʱڵϻģ֪һ飬Ǿǻˣ԰ɣǼסǲе̫ˣ
ɨһۣǾ仰ǲ˵Ͳ뿪һ
û취˸ԽһԼֺͼͥסַ֮ͲŰڰ֣뿪
ΣܵһǱߡ
˵Ǹ˲ᱨɣֻһȥ飿
ǲɵոʵôףһҪȥҲİҾ֣ûдмͥסַڹλˣʲôλ洦С
ҲԼͬصͷЩΨһй˿ɥһ
ô죿ҸոգҸոд֡
ҰһʼԲߡ
СߵĹŵΨһϣˣԲܶ
ô찡ٴԷһΣǵܴùС
ٲȻȥ䣿ģԷԷһ
͵Ǯ

һһؽÿ˵ʶΪԭе
˼ڤ֮£һ⡣
˿˸󣬱Ƚܴ򡣶ܹǸСԺӣ˵ԼҲǮǮͥȻǲˣǵ𰡣
Ļһ䣬Ҷһۣϵĵı鿪ʼ
ƺһأ
һһⲼԼĽ׼û뵽ǣȻв۵ļ
ǣ
֮ǰǼˣϴȣһԱȽɪ
˺ٺһЦ
ֵܣǸһ˰ɣϴҪ㡣
ϴ
üͷû˿飬˵ܺһô⡣
ϴƺϤһҪʲô
ֻǣû뵽ǣԷһˣҪݡ
˸һѵͽˣҴĶԷ
֮Է߳ŭֱ˶˵ӺһҪ˹ģ
۾ĿⶢŶԷ·Źĵӣսȭͷ
ǣġ
ѵ³¶ô
ѾǵǸʲô֪ʲôںֻҪͷǰˣйǣǣеǣȻ統ʹ죬ԼʱЩηηβ
ߣһΪ¶أҵҲ۸ֻû뵽ֻּӶѡʵҲҪ㶯ֻ֣ҪԹԸǮСʵҲҪ࣬һС				

398ɱ

ɱ
ѾˣĺԺǧ壬֮½½ð˲ٶⶫ˵Ҳһǧ飬ҹ͸Ǯ䡣
˵ʲô
˵˹ǮһһǮ
ԭֻҪٻ¶˾ģͲһ飬ͲŹ
ڳˣ˵һֱ֮ӵһ
һ鰡
ǿ򰡣
ȥϳһǮһǮ
˵Ǹ۶ĪһٷҲŶǮ
ʱڳŹ͵߾Ƕǿ໴Сһ㣬ֻҪǺ˹ȥ͹С
ĿԱƳ˼ۣǼʼԼļˡ
Ȼ˲⿴ߣǿǱߣô˵Ͷӡ
ͽ˽ȭͷسǡ
ǮȴǸġ
ðôķգΪľ׬ǮĽõʳǣ㣬ô˱ˣ
СӣôƲԳԷơˣҵĳ
ǸŭһӣϵĵΪǷŭ׶Щֲ
ˣһ֪ҵǿŰɣ뵱꣬ҿǡ
㲻Ҫôɣ
͸ûԷϻֱӿڡ
ɫһ䣬ԾԼСǰûϣŭһŵֱӳŹͳ˹ȥ
תŲ֮ӦŶԷĹƣҲǼʱ䣬ͳ׼һֱӶ˶Էеĵӡ
û˵ӣǺһƬƺЩ߳ŭ
ЦһŶԷ
Ҫô
ҧԱ˸һŭһֱӳŹͳ˹ȥֿʼŹͽ
˲״Ǵȴԡ
һһѵӣһһ˴ѷ֣߲ʱػк

ȻⲻΪԼ
ڲӮһ׼˵еĲ֮󣬶Էɫѿһƨֱ˵ϡ
ʱЩڣԼΪʲôҪǼǶϹȱȣ
ɺãǮûҪ˵ҾԼϴλҲˡ
ĵ׷ɿһ£ٴ̧ͷʱϸһĨЦ⣬֮ǰһжǻþһ
СֵܣԲסһǸˣǡʵǼСӹҵңǿ޵ǮͶҪҰǱѡǼŸλСүǸ
תͷ֮ǰļ˺ǳһҪǿͷϴ
ȼ˹֮󣬵ּЦеظ˵
Сֵܣ㿴ﻹвģ¿ͷĻҪɱҪȫƾ˼㿴ô
һŵؿŹͣ¶Է˵ʲôĶ
Ͱǵı鿴üͷ
ǰôĴ¶ͷϴôܳɣֻǲ֪ǿϴôʴȣ
ֻ˿ͷǸѣǱ߿ɲġ
ⷬ޷ǸҳݣҲǻϵģƿ±ȵлҪľ顣
һȻ뵽֮ǰʹǵֺͼͥסַ̲סݺݵش˸¡
ҪǸϾɱҪüвǣ˵Ǽ˶ˣ
⼸ͷ֮ȭͷһգһҧ̧ͷ׼˹гŹͺ͵ʱ򣬶ӵֱӳŹͺݺݵײ˹ȥ
һײ˸ţŵĳεزڵеؿڴ
Ѫ˳ŵð˳
˵ոײ˹͵ˣ˵ԼҲԭȦˡ
⣬ô¶
һ˲֮󣬷ɿشСšɱˣˡ֮Ļɿߡ
ôһ˲ͷһƬհס
֮ŵϵµĵУضӣָ̽̽ıϢ
Ѿûˡ

תͷҪǸײԼ˵ʱȴңͲ֪Ķȥˡ
մ˲ѪҲûüֱߵԼ֮ǰһĺԺǰ
̧ҪţȴԼǣԼ֮ǶĽһ£ͣԺпʼΪԼ
ԼĽˣҾҲѾĽϲĿʽ͵ˣмҲ¶ġ
Ǯƻһ򣬼ĽϵģӦùõҵȻԹ׬Ǯˡ
֮ͳ˴ȻһҲϲҲϲˣȻ˽飬ӣһӹҸֵ
²ҸҲûйϵЩǮͷӣĽ°뱲Ҳࡣ
ֻϧԼˣ

վſڣŰԼ¶ֱƷ߹ϴ˱ֹͣԼ˼				

399ִ

ִ⣬
ָ֮Ϳʼղմң֪æЩʲôʯڽӵϢ֮Ǿ㵰ΣȻ̲סЦ
Ҿֻ֪һӶѣܹŮĶΣ
ʯĸЩġ
찡ǲǲ̫ã֪˵Ļһ
ʯԼһۡ
ɲǱС͵СķɱˣѾȥˣôءҾǸ飬ô죿鹤ҲΣգΪ͵ҲˣҪô죿
ʯĸƫԼŮ⻰˵һ鱻Ů֮ҲͲˡ
ȹ֪飬ѾǼʱ
ʶľòǹģɵȹȥǱ߽ӴⷽľԱ֮Ĭ
治ǲھεģҲǲġ
ԼؼҵĻҲСǴ򽻵Ӷݽӡ
ͬ־ͬ־Ȼ˹ͣǿȥġ
֮ҡͷʾˣԼҪؼҡ
ҵʱʯźӽʲô߽˲ʯ˵Ļ
󱦣󡣵㳤ˣ㴩ÿ·СʱƯƯģ϶ᵽĶţ㻹һ磬Ȼ̫˵֮ǰһ˫Сӣ㳤ˣҪҺãҲҪá˵绹ʲôģأһҪúѧѧ
ʯû飬˵ЩֱӺʹֱɣ֪˵ʲôѻĻױ˲𴩣ʯϣûʲôı飬һƵĸס
ңԸʯĲ֪͵飬ûвԼ
ʯ조⡱ؿſվŵĹ飬æ
ȥ
˴磬ôˣһ·ϻðɣγȥûʲôˣǧҪңҺʹ󱦶ᵣġ
ҡҡͷҪ˵ͼǱߵű˴ˣ֮ͼòĸﳯԼ֣ȥ
ôˣ
ʯĸ濴ʯһۡ
飬㲻ڣһڼӣҹæ졣
ͷʾԼѾ֪ˡ
һ飬ջ֪ӣǹͣ¶ץˡŵ˹˻ײ͸˵ˡ㲻ҪģǺ֮ǰҼ˶ü̫׻ǣ˵˲ٺûһȥһ£Ǻ˷ӣһһĺԺ
Ҳ֪ĺԺļǮסϾӣҲûɶ˵Ǯ˾͸ˡ飬ټǮ¶ô֪
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üͷһ壬ú֡
ʲôĺԺ
ǲǸˣ֮ǰǸ˵ԼһҪȥסǷĲġ
ʯĸùȷڼ֮жˡ
ȻΪʲô鷢֮󣬻ҪƱ˵ԼûǮ
ûǮĻǸʺĵطĺӴĶŪĴǧ飿
ֻҪ룬ʯĸ;ñ
ʯסأ֮ǰ˵˼Ҫӣ鶼ûɿڣȴԭбǮԼǰĶˣ
ʯĸ룬˼ҹԼĶʯĸǿЦһҲ˵ˡ
ʯĸ˵͵ʯ̲סˡ
ֱһ˽Źü
˴磬ո˵ôĸ˹һ
ǮȥһĺԺ
ʱҲһͷˮôûϵԼҲ֪ĺԺ飬ûһŵġ
һʵҲһɻ
Ǯܿ϶Լ͵ģô;ǴŪǮ
֪ˮ֮ǰиΰΪ׵ŻԻ᲻ǹͺΰģ֮ǰĵгΰ͹һʱ
ԣ˼ûԩǸС죿
ʯֱӱźӻңҪһĺԺԿ׸ȻͲ
ܼ֡
иסűСطһסĺԺģŹͲСҪ飬ҲɣǰȥĺԺһ׷Ӹ͡ϾЩ궼סˣûսСס
Ϊ飬һҹû˯š
ڶһ磬緹ûгԣֱȥĹ֡
ֵͬ־Ѿ˹͵ݣСľһ顣ֹˣΪֵݣǻԹֵҲ׵顣
ԣ߸ոյ˹֣ǱߵҲŹȥˡ
û뵽ԼΪôʱ䶼û¶ԼĶӸǣˡƱǿ׻Ǹ뿪ܵ顣
ĵ˼ʱ䣬ȹֱ֮ȥ˾ּ͡				

400

֡
ޱĿʮ̽ԼĹ顣
ͣ㣬Ǯķӣǲ֮ǰ˺̲ǵʵݸŪһôѵôߵĹʻӻ
ͷʳŹϯ
ޱؿŭɶĹ飬ϵı䶼ûһΡ
˵ô˵ˣ֪֪Ҵ˶鷳֪֪ССһ飬ôŬȫĨȥˣ
˵֮󣬲Żؿڡ
˵ô
ָŹͣŭ
ʲô̬ȣأ֪֪㾿һδ˶Ļ㡭
ʲôϵ
ΪʲôûϵҶӣ
Ŷԭ㻹֪Ӱ
ͳǣֱǿ˵Ҫȥûʲô˵ġ
񾯿˵Ĺ飬εѯʹ
ɫѿ˦˦֣ǰ˴ߡ
֮ǰĸ˵Ҳò˵һǵˡ
ɵףһģ鴫ȥĻҲ
Ǹͬ־͵龿ʲôҿ¼ô
鵽Ƿ˼ôܿõ
׻һᣬû¼ݣҲ֪Ϣ
˶һҧ˹;ɱֻ֣й˵Լ޹ģײɱˡ
Ҳѹ飬ЩΪǮӻ˼ǧ飬Ҿֻ˼ǧ飬Բſ˹͵ǮȻտʼǲԣɱˣҪܵͷ
鹤⣬һҲٿǮѣ޷ĵط;ôŪôǮġ
ûʹ͵ǮǴŪģ
񾯶һۣ׷ҡͷʾͲ˵
飬ɹҪһһѾ˼ȶʵ
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ڵȾ⼸µѾʯ࣬ÿҽԺѵ˾ϲǣѾڵϼ·ˡ
ֻǣؼҵʱ׸̾飬ںȻͲǹĶӣ鲻ǹ͵ĵ
Źȣæ˿ѯʸ׹龿мӡ
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ԣ֮ǰ˵ĶɱˣԾʲô
ԭɻ˵Ҫڶǰæǰææ飬Ǿúܡ
˵˺˵ȷһô˵Ǹǰûû̳ӣúõĹҲúõĶҲҪ
ĸӳ߳ǿϢ
ڿЦõؿԼĸס
裬⻰Ǵİ
ĸЦһ
ܴģǹǸŽʲôģ챧ź˵ﻰȫԼҵļӶ಻Լжɸ֡ҿɸǼٵģҪˮȴġ
üͷ
ȻβйصĻһͷһ졣
ЦӦˡ
Ľκȣֱͬ죬ⲻһС¶ѡ
ܰæС
û뵽Ϣʧ
˵ڵ۶һĺԺȻ鱻ȥ飬֮ͶԼӲܲˣ
üͷ壬Ẉ̂ȻڹΪ̫ð
ǰ֣ܰæô
ҡҡͷ
ǲҪˡԼ׵˵ʲôǳͷʲô
üҲ֪ԼҶӵƢһɽͷһš
Ǻ¶˲̫˽˺ӾͲţ˵Ƣ
ʵֻҪǣͷĻںһҲС
۾һ
Ϻǵôã˼ôôҲϸҲһˣ
˵˭
ЩãȻ
֮ǰǸС
ǰ֮ǰͰæץסΰСӵ˵һ飬ǸһµҲûʲôܻ䣬ͬͲһذѹΰ˴鷳˵һ顣
ҹһǮƾʱ׬ġ
Ҳɸ̾͵ϸҺ
ôɱˣ
ҡҡͷŹͲ
˵ĻԲ񶨵ġ
Լж㣬ֻܸԼͬˡ
ӵ绰֮ҲǿЦ
ԼҸ˵ĻڣȻ˵Ĳıϡ
ǲȥҹú̸̸ǣͷ				

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ںͺһļϵҵ˹飬˵һ͵֮󣬹˾Ǵը˵ƤĹĵء
ǲǹǸСʲôԲסǵ飿Ҿ֪Ӧð۶ġ
֮ǰ飬ӡԲֵˡ
ԣʲô飿
Ǹ壬ǲСͬ־ʲôõ飿
Ǻǣõ飿ʲôõ飿ȻһŮˣҶԷѾ˶ӣ˼ҿ޿ҪǮһھһ˵˵һ粻
˵
ԼոմӹֻؼңͷԼſڶһȦˣȥһиŶӵŮ˶Լſڿ޿ıʾҪͶԼ
ܹӵһСλϣ˶ŬѪ
ΪԼôᣬҪðʱΣȥЩô
ˣҪԼ׷ϣ
òطһϯ֮أԼеĹһӣϻȥԼĶӽҲ½磬û뵽ӹ֮󣬾ȻᲨء
ҲҪģſڣҪ
żæŵذŮ˴˼棬һ޿仹ŶӵŮˣһͷȥ绰ʯ˹Ը
һǮûҲǧǮʯǸŮȥҽԺա
ҲùĹǺ
ͣͣͣ
˯У޵ҧгݡ
ںͺһۣſڡ
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֮ǰҲûͻ˭Լ˵ʲôŮˣңˣĽһֻСһţῴһֻ޿С
˿ŮˣһʺϹ͡
ʺϵģĽģ
ˣ
Ľ࣡
Ȱ䣬ԽȰ˵Խֻǡ
֮ͷ
ͷͺ
ȴЦ
Цʲôҿ˵⼸ҪˣʲôЦģ
ڼ۾
ɩ⼸˵ӣôҲãȥҽԺ˼ζûáҲĽࡣлô
û飬Ц
ôȣѵͲҪĽٸúü飿
ڷɿĨһһӡ
绰ҰųƱ
ģ֮ǰǱ߳ԹĽĲˣٳ淹ݵķȻøʳࡣ
ÿһȺС˵ЩʱܻԼ˵Լˡ
Ľൽ˵Ļһһѩǰܡ
Ľúܺã˶˼ཱུģǷա
ҲΪҪˣȥٻ¥һȦֻǰı˵Ĳ񶼳˳ǲˡС껹ǸĽ˼ǰٻ¥ոŪ»
۾һָǰĲϣԺѾԼҪ·ʽˡ
Ľ˶࣬ÿǴСѵģСȻ
ĽƵ·ÿĽѡ˲ٲֱ֮סĽĸ첲
Ľ࣬ʲô飿Ҷ˵ĲһһģһСĿʽвУ
ĽЦá
㲻Ҫңֻӣ·ӣ趼㵽ʱ˭һ£ǵøǮġ
СЦ
Ǯ˵ѾǴ¶ˣҵĵ˲˵ȥ˵۶֮ߵĸȻȻسıүԱ߰æˮ
Ľఴͷ·޻޷ǰִϵµ޷ʽõͼӾͱ޵ˣɵȵ·ĽഩϵʱǼ
ÿÿ
ָ֮ߣô˵ʣ
Ľ˸һȻûб
Ϊ۶Ķ䣬Ľ˼Ӻ͵ġǵطһ£Ĺͻǰһ
·ոã۶ĵ绰ʹ˹
Ľһãɽ֮󣬶ʱԭأ׹ߡ				

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Ӻе۶һ·ϣĽ඼ûô˯ԺĶǺڵ绰˵ݡ
ôɱˣ
ͦ׵ģȴһֱĺˡ
ûɵأĽ࿪ʼı롣
ǲʯʲôֻǹЩл߾֣Ҫק̨Թ°ӣһ֣
ɲʲô鶼Ӧ÷Ź岻ܲˣæ
ֻҪ뵽飬Ľŭȼ
һν۶ѹ֣Ϊով𣬿һΣѹ֣ΪδҪ
Ҫ죬Ľڡ
þòĽ࣬ںܿģĽҲǿسһЦۿӲԼǰȦ֮󣬼æ¡
ҪӲţһʱҪ죬򲻴
ЦӦϳ֮ĽסԼ棬˵ԼĸĸҪ
Ľҡͷܾˡ
˵һʲô˵Լһ׼㣬ҴҶҲûдʲôʵͻأ
Ľ಻αҲĽһ뷨ģҲǿ
ҪԵġ
ַѡĪǵ۶֮͵Ĵ󷹵꣬͵ģеҵ׶ģ˵ķô˵ȥ֮󶼱
Ľ֮ǰҲСԹȻûʲôúġ
˵ǰٺõǼƵסĪҲֻǶԱһѣõĻƻá
Ľɫ䣬ţŵʱ򣬵죬̾Ϣ
˵˵Ҫǰװ涼ôѡҺܺ棬㾿ʲôģ
Ľ˵棬ûеţ⡣
ɱˣҾͲᡣȷҪҰУ
ǲɱˣ赶Ƹɱ
һأ˻ģ⣬ڽʱ򣬱Աı졣
ûط˸ۡ
ãȳˣȳˡ
ǽۣȿȳҲۡ
ڣ
Ӵ˵˭أԭӣþò˵֮ǰȳˣȥϷһСطƣôѾ˰ɣ㲻֪˵֮󣬵ĵ˯ž
Ŷ˹һЦ߹һֻ첲ϣһֻ첲ڵıϣЦǺǵؿڡ
ƹĵĻǻҩζŨء
ĽšüһΪ˹ͣҪ¶ˡ
Ҫ֪ʱضײ߸ӵܵľųһ仰һ񣬶ΪԼ鷳
ȻҲ˼ɣЦһ
Ȳö磬ģҵһӿܾ˰ɣ۶ôҽԺãָҽԺܸƨãлӵİǼû뵽ܶһԼ˦˵ôģΪˡ
ԭҪµģᵽʱûס
ҴҶףԭԼ֮˽飬û뵽ԼʲôѾðˣȳ֮ŷִѾԵĹ⣬ˮعԼǰ˵ʲôԼԸమģŹȫ֮ģɰĵҪ
ʵˣ˭νġ
˵ĻһҲǲСɶһԺģòõǼҶ׼ĲˣϢҲɢȥˣֳô顣
꣬ҿɳ˴ұ˵Ц̸ʣֱһصĵԶǷ֮
أҲǶ֮Ҳûɼҡ
˵⽣Ӱġ
ڶڳΨһһӰˣĽࡣ
һŵӣһŲӣԵĻ졣
Լ֮󣬻ĵİڰǰţŸС˹ȥ
Щ֮ĽͷһЦĶȫ
λ壬ܲÿһ̫ˣסҵ⣬ҪԷģ̹ңԷʱűǺܲòΪ
Ľװۣ
ȫһ㶣֮Ľһü˵ţ۲ݣ
ڻû˵Ľͽӹ˻⡣
ֻŵ˲Ͳ˲ǣЦһһöǻ̿
ԭҲţϲ۲ݵ֣ɣǼҲأ
һΣڶ
Ľ˽ⶭȫµ˶֪
ȫʮˣһʮûȫŮ˵ϱҲȦ̸֮һ
ȫȻû˱ӣûͼĽѡ
壬ǲƣ񲻼ã½߶һ˯Σ
ȫȵؿĽࡣ
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Ϊѧҽ㲻ɫһûУҴڣҺȦ󡣱ӱͷ죬ͷӸ˵ʲô˵㲻Ƣθʪȶһ鰡
顱һʶȫĳط˹ȥ
ȫԭúõĽ˵ԾĽġ
ѾͷΪȳӻ㣬ҾͲҶô
Ľҡҡͷ
ȻѾ˵һȳӣôҰں£»ǹһңɻң
ȫŭָĽ࣬ɶĽ޹ı飬ӵĻֲ֪˵ֻܳڷһݻ֮󣬴ﳤȥ
ЩΣ֪ҪôԼͶȫĹϵ׼һӵĻĽྐྵȻûѯʣҪߴڿԣҪ졣
ľųǣСȻ˵ȥ
С֮ǰûнӵĽҪϢʱڳĽˣһһϲ
Ľ࣬ôˣ
㣬æ
СԭΪʲô£ɵ˵ĽֻҪԼһӵʱЦЦ
СһϡȷȥǼסôһֱ߶أ
Ľ໹лˡ
ձȱǮǳˣ׬Ǯ;ޣеķ˵ĳԲ죬˵ʲôסĵطסĵطĽҲס˶ãҼһˡ
Ľ໨ʮǮ˰·ӡ
ԷЩҪۣСԱȰţҪĽ໹ۣĽܾˡ
ʱ䣬ĺܽ
Ǯ
СĽ׬ǮףӼĽ˴̣ʡһǮ
Ľ࣬ʵ˵۶ģ
ĽӡһֱģȻЦţʲôû˵ɻܵһ˿ȡ
¶ˡҹûʲôطæġ
ĽŽһ£Сüͷ塣
飬̫ð죡
㣬ܸܲŪ֤ҪдרͶ塣
С˵ֻһС¶ѣС׾ʹӦˣְ֮οĽҪż
һȥҰְ֣԰æĻ
㣬ȲáʲôҪĻһǳֵġ
Ľܾ֮󣬽ԼҪȥ˽һ֮󣬴Ҵҵץ͵Ǹ֡

ѯʹĽ࣬Ǿȡ
ΪĽǹ͵ʲôˣɵ˵Ľ˵Ǳļ֮󣬴ֱӱ̬ȡ
ֻҪ÷ɺݺݵسǡ
ĽߵĿ´һʾԼҪдһרⱨ
ҼææСṩһŹ֤֮ǰûмǵı¼Ľˡ
ˣһûȥ˵Ҫо
ҷǵûоܾһЦĽ˳ȥ
Ľŵֵı¼ϸȽЩ˵ı¼֮Ʋľ
˷ӣ
Щ쿴˹ǮҪһʣ
ʹһ֮󣬵Ĺͱһнѵ͡
бʹ֮׼⼸СͳǼС쵣Լİȫļ˵İΣǣӵײ˹ͣеĵǡòǸǿؿڡ
ֻǣ¼ʱЩ˻ΪϤҲΪ³е飬ȫһҧǹͳ˲עɱ˵ǿ
ĽĿǰٹ͵⼸Сϡ
һҵģȴ⼸С죬һֱŵǿЩСǡ
һȺԭ͸ŵǿô֮ǰǼС죿
Ľ߷һȦҾڲ飬˵˾ֵ붯֡
֮ǻ죬֮ԳΪ죬Ϊûйûǰ;ûδеģҲֻԼһ
ϧɶ˵ǻĸͲϧ
ҲνĹŵĲ´Ьġ
Ľҵһˡ
Ǽһƾڲڰ
Ϲ۵̫̫ŷĽתͷ
һλͬ־ǼСﰡǲСʲô飿
ĽȥԼ֮ǰŵ̷֮Ķ̫̫ǰ
ѧҽģ֮ǰͬ־ҵң˵ҪҰ۾ͬˡⲻԼˡ
̫̫ûлɣϾ쵰ǻ쵰Т˳
ÿ˿˳Եģȶԡ
һϹ̫̫žۣʲôöʲô
Ľҡҡͷ
ͬ־лרΪӹһˡˡ
ĽЩ˵뷨
ҽʮߣոճʦʵҲû˿βҹҲҪ֡ģҪǮġ˵ˣǺ¶ãҲɶ˵ǲ
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úúã˵һеĻС
ĽˡʥּȻȻغƾȥԼɻ
ҲʲôػֻСæһȥӡˢѡ
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ʱǮؼֱ֮ӵݸĽࡣ
Ľ಻ܾˣҹ뿪˻Ƽңûԡ
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ĸò˼顣
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ǣƼҳһŮˣǻƾҵĶڸ˳ȥ
ԴĽൽ˻ƼңƼҾǱһӡ
ÿԳԵϸҸ廹ԣ滹̿Ҳø֮ǰҪҪˡ
ƾǸмĽģΪ˱Լĸмÿ첻ȥɻɨذ̵ĻŸɣȴҵ˳棬ֳ治ٻѾɵĲˣСӸ͡
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ߣҿҪǡ˵ʲôֵܣӴԺҺֵܡ
Ҳǣ

ҷ׷סִԡһ֮󣬲֪˭˵һ䣬
һȺһѷسŻƾ˹
ƾԼܴ򣬵ǵһˣ˫ȭѵ֣οվһĽࣿ
ãͱſڵϣֵһҧгݵشϣֻΪԷĲ²⡣				

405½ѵ

ѵ
Ľ࿴ǰڵϱ˱ˣһӵĲŹȥֹǡ
ӴС椣ҪסֲҪǴ˭ô
˲سĽ˹
ƾѵشӵҡҡλεĳ߹ȥ
ҪҪҺˡҪ
֮ǰôƴҪֹĽЩ飬ֺγΪٵȥĽƻܵ˺
ǺǣСӾҪӢ۾ҿ㻹ԼԼɣֵǣǸոոѵ࣬ٺúýѵѵ
ۿż˳ŶԷ˹ȥĽ۾Ȼסǣֳ֮һѰɫĩ״Ķһ㶣ȻצسĽ˹
ƾ͵һҲ룬ɿ嵽Ľǰס
Ľ಻˵ôվԭأ⼸һԼǰ顱صز
ƾû뵽ǾȻһȡ
ڿϵİɫĩʱɿĽࡣ
ĽȴسЦЦָŵϵʻƾ
ЩϦദֵܣΪ֮صֻһСĲ²⣬Ƕܶ㶯ֶţɱֵΪô
ƾߣȥĽ࣬ҲûȥſŵļˣĨĨԼǵѪĽҡҡͷ
ҵ飬޹ء
ȻѾӦЩˣһᱣܣô;Բ˵ȥ
ң쿪ʼҲȥӡˢˣҲҪҼˡ
ŶҽϲŸ˵ӡˢĳ˵ڹְλһھͲˣӡˢæʱȷ㲻ȥˣ㲻ȥĻæ˭Σô㣬ȴڹؼʱ̵ӣԵô
ѾҪˣȷҪھôѵҪĸ׵۾ؼѵҪĸؾԼţ
ĽһһѰѵӣֱӲ˻ƾࡣ
׼˻ƾһТ˳ˣԸ˸ңҾ˵ԸԣҲƾЭġ
ƾؿĽһۣ򴽰꣬תͷһǳһŵ뿪ߵĺͬ
Ȼڶһ磬ĽͼԼסķվŵģϴϺۼĻƾ
ĽЩرͷָԼĿڴóһǮƱ
һȥӡˢɵӡˢæߡǮȸ㣬Ӧõġ
Ľ൱ĸ˵ΪԼæɻ
ô͵ԼĽɵģǮС
Ľԥһ»ǽ˹ȥ
һ·޻ص˻Ƽҡ
ƾĽͼ֮󣬾ҪתͷӡˢߣߵʱȴĽס
Ľһҩࡣ
ȥҩȥϰ࣬Ȼȥ˼ӡˢĻӰ첻á
ƾĽߵĽ࣬˽Լеҩ࣬ͷҲص塣
ӡˢ
ӴСƣô¶۸ô
찡ǸǧĴ㣿⺢ӣôôʵϵعⰤ򲻶أ
˵˭㣿°ʹȥж

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ʲôҪĶ
Ǿϸⶫ˭Ҫ
ֻ˸ͷԼ¶ѣ
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żӻ˼ңȴȻּǻ˸ӡ
ͷ©ĵط޹ˣڵģ֮ǰĵŪøɾ࣬ϵıӶµġ
һ͹˼飬ů۵ġ
֪ĽҪĽĴ㣬ֳĺ⣬ŭûС
ĵģȫǸм
԰ӣ
ƾѰӷȣŪ˵˼
ĸһڣüͷһ壬
ӣǮİӣ
ڶǾϸһҲҪһëǮɣ
ʳĴʦġ
ƾԼӡˢ˵һ飬Ļĸ۾Ц
Ĳ˺ã˶á͸˵ģʱǲںˣں˰
ƾתͷȥϵļҩ࣬۾Ҳˡ
԰ӡ
ⶫԡڼҲɻԵǸʦɵ˰ĸжá
ƾŰӵ΢΢
ģжô				

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֮󣬻ĸĻָƽŰ˵˳ﻰȫǶĽĸл
ⲻҵĹͣǻƾԼһѾ˹û취Ծȵġ
ɻĸɱʾĽĹṩ˻ᣬôߵ죿
һתĸնĿĽϡ
ͬ־ҵǼңҵҶӣҪ
ϹĲϹ֮ǰΪĽ࿴ӣȴãԾ
ĽЦЦ
ģҵĿģɶ޺ġ
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ܹԴĸӵģҲǻˡ
һ죬ƾ˺ܶ飬ɨشѵɨˣʳðúˣаæȥҽԺæһ֮ȻۣǾܺá
һûлؼңȥϴκܵһȺˡ
ʮǮǡ
ǮҲҪˡǰӦǵ飬ϡ
Сӣû鷳ģ㾹Ȼˣⲻô
ϴҾС˺̨Ͳ㵱һ¶ˣǲǵøһѵ

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ǹǮģǲҪĻҰǮߣ
ͷҶҪЩڵ۶ܴȴûеԴǣ˭ȱǮ
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ƾûˡ
ʮǮڹҧǹɱˣʱûǮûʳûúòűӴӦ
һ顣
Ǯͨ;ãֻҪ̤ʵϸɣһӮñ˵ء
Ҫ£Ҫÿڳ˿֮û취ĸ׶ܣҲҪÿ͵̻̲֮ա
ϣڴϣ۾һУԼһ
ģ̫ʵˣ
ɾΪѾȥʱ°ؼҷĸεڼԭΪĽĵøɾļ˴ҵһͿ
æھӽһľĸȥҽԺ
ĽӵϢϹȥʱͼƾһڼĳϡ
³һ˹ȥ
ƾԲ𡣡
ĻĸҲ飬Ƶ̫
ҪǱߵ˵ѾҪˣҾԪԽԽֻԽԽϸ
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ͲӦ̰ͼʮǮ
ʮǮĻԼôȺľٶƱػᱻų⣬
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һСһߵĻȣȻǼߵĻȽϿš
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䣬м߸¡
٣˵˵ǸǱ̫̫
ĽУͷӵΪԼɱ˵飬ԼǮͨһˡɺɹǸ̫̫ĶӺԼ˵˼仰ͻɶԷԼ˶һơ
־ҪȥҽԺ˴
ƾһûˣκεԼĸȣΪǡ
ûǮʮǮʮǮ˵ǹɱġҲһˣְǮǡ
û˵ǮȷǸǷֵģԺһǸˣҲǻͷɱġ
ƾӵġûɱˣô֪ǸǸչ˵Сɱġζչ˵Сһ£š
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407¹үүҹ

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޷ڵȶԷŬϴԼʱࡣ
ֻߣΪǸչ˵
ԣֻҪչ˵ɱˣ˭ԣ
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Ҫдרô򵥵İɣʶǸչ˵ˣʲôϵ󣿡
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뷨һϻλԴҪԼԴе뷨ߡ
ĽŮˣԼôϣ
ɵף̰ɶĽϡ
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үүҹ壬һµ绰£
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ǵʱĽ࿴Լ˵Ƿ
ԺһζɿһʾͲڼңһȥˣû

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Щա
ԼĻôͳ֮Լһܵѯɹʲô
ɱˣ
Ķô飿
ðɣˡ
˵ļ룬Լ֮ǰĸλҲסˣ˵ְɴһʵȨתǶ֪
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ΪԼ˭
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οϹٴڵ۶һĶֵضҲأϹĻҲᱻ˸ϳǣˡ
һСѾͷΪԼû취ˣ
Ľ࣬Ϊ˭˵ǰ棬Ͳ֪Լ˭ˣ
Ҳ֪Լ˭С¶¹үү㲻֪Լ˭룬Ȫ֪Ļһúøġ
˵꣬ȹ龪ŭЦſڡ
ŶˡѹүүҪڱֽϿһרĿүүʱһϸư
ĽҶ˵绰ɹ黹߲ƽ
˵ڼίɱˣʲôίģ
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һˣֵġ
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ڵ϶ţҪǰߣȴԶǽڹսǴиӰ䡱һ´˳
ĽָڴóԼúõҩ۵ʱ򣬶ԷȻڡ
£ҡ
Ľ࿴ƾһ
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ѣѡ
ڶһ磬Ľȥ̳޻ͲĴæ޿㡣
Сͬ־ô޻ֻôҲ̫ݳˣףױģ׺ģ
ĽЦҡͷ
ãԼģů͡
ԿĽı˱仯				

408ϲ

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˵˱˻԰˼Сͬ־Сع㣬ǰΪ㻹㱻Сˣôôʶôأ
Сͬ־Сˣ
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ͿĽһۣĬ
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ңǸӲҵġ
ĽԼֶŮ֮ԭЩ̫ܣٱĽԼŮ˲岻ĻԼô죿
壬żȻ֪⺢ӲģϾŵ߶ãŮ˿һֱڵ۶أҪеʲôܡ
ȴն
Ҳеʲô
ĽԼŮˣһļɡ
ĽɵؿһܼĹͣȻ뵽ոչûлشԼǸ⡣
ʵǸŮ˰ɣ
ʹ
һӵһϲһˣȻ޼ˣ

ոûлش˵ѾûϷˣԼǲǻл᣿
ɹһֱԼֶŮ֪Լ֮󣬹᲻ᱻߣ
˸ԼһСžţȵĽʱ򣬹һֵĿ⿴Լ
һţòԼⱻ˷˰ɣ
͵͵Ƴ˹һۣԷûʲô֮źݺݵһ
˵Ķ˵ˣ͵Ķˡ
֮ǰڼ꣬Ĺֻ̾ʱôô졣
ûʱĽú˵仰
Ľߵʱ򣬹ͰһԿĽС
Ľһ㶣֮׹
ǹΪǸŮ׼ɣǸŮûȻܾ˹壬á
ûססš
ʹҴҵ˵仰һͳĽߡ
ʵĽԼϣпĶ
ĽԿ뿪֮󣬹ͲŴӹսǴ˳
ãʲô취ôͳȥˡ
ֻǲ֪Ľ྿ϲϲԼ׼Ķ				

409ҵܸܵŮĶ

һĺԺͦĽԺӣǮȻܹ
캮ضĲְ迴ʣҲܴϸ΢һĺԺľºõĴ
Ľֻһ۾ϲˡ
ǰҲҪһԼĺԺϧʱǼǵ̫ˣûᡣ
ûԼȻлס
ڽ֮󿴵ĶĽԼҲĿࡣ
ȻѾʰˣ׵ļӴ֮ĶȻոݹ˺ᣬˢͣոոµġ
վſڣĽ඼õһͰһˢӣŶδݵĳֻϧǸŮ˴˹ˣ
û
ĽһСˣοԼϲͣ
һĿ϶ɵƫĵ˹͵ϡ
ټķӣһ˴ɨ϶УΧһУ⡣
ĽΪԼˣиõŲãƫƫȥΪԼͱġ
ԣȥ˻ƾûƾԼú̿
ú̿ÿ˶ǶģƱ
캮ضú̿ƱӦĽֲҪȥ鷳С죬ֻܵĺȥ
ȻǮôеá
ƾվԱ߿һᣬȻ뵽Ľ֮ǰǼ͵ĶǲǾģ
ǵûǮ
Ľתͷͼƾ˼ı顣
ùⲻȥĻͶҸɵУҰȥĵطסˣͷŶ
ƾͷú̿ƱǮȥŪú
ú˵ˣĽŷԼȻú¯
ܿ죬ͼƾȥһˣʱһƤͲӺһЩ߰Ķ֮һú¯Ѿˡ
û뵽㻹ͦ
ĽǻܶණҲЩᡣ
ôú¯ô
ƾϴֵЦĽú¯ӣֲ֪ȥĶŪ˸ɲ¯ӡ
ȼúܿ죬̶С
ú¯ӦţȵʱˣµġʱļǮܹűǮ
Ľͻأѯʻƾѧô
ƾɫ
Ҳᡣ
ְѧڰ
ѧʲôãǱԼѧŪˣ
Ľ಻Է˵⣬Ͼڻƾ˵һ¶
Ǻãһһ˵˵Ƿһѡ񣬵һ㻹ӡˢȻߡڶҸɻҰס㹤ʡ
ƾ붼룬ֱѡ˵ڶ֣ұʾסУҪʡ
Ľ෭˸ۡ
ô㻹ҪթôҪʣʱȢϱӣҲǶùܣңģһˣס㹤֮࣬׬Ļкܶܶࡣ
ģ޹ء

ĽԼȻǮ֮ǰǸһҰæƵ˳
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ģⶫҼأʱ㹤ֻۡ಻١
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ĸⶫֳһ˶˵֮󣬳ĬΣҪƾԺúúøĽɻ
֪ģǺˡ
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ڶһ磬Ľͼƾɵ·ſڵĳĬˡ
·ôҪŹ괩ôѵ֪㴩·ܵô
ƾĬһ˲Ȼͷ߽˷ѩһ˷š
Ѿֻһ·ˡ
ĽȥԷƾҡͷܾ
ҳԹˣ
ĽбһۣҲ
Թ˾ٳһ룬һ˵ɿأԱˣһøɻ
ƾûĻ
Գ档
ĽȴòָҪ롣
˵Բ£ǼҼĵܵܶܳ룬ңһûѲҪҸɻô
ȻƾְԹ֮Ľ˵˽һԺǰ˷š
˭
ŵһʮĸˣĽͻƾһ֮ü
ҵܵܡҵܻܵȥ˵ŮĶӣԷҪƸҲ֪Ǹˣ̫ˣֱ֮ˡܷܵҪȢŮҲֻһˡ
ƾɵԲ۾ǵͨһƬ
һƻɶУʲôʱʲôôŪ˼ҵĶӣ
Ľ֮ǰҪôҪ˵
ƾֻܱͷװԼ޹صģ
û뵽Ů컳˸ӣǻ¶һ˺¶
˳ǮȥһϷ֮󲻵Ū˼ٿǮΪԼӸ˹һ˵Ķӳ˵ҪȢŮǲǽҪ̫̫ˣ
һϲ֮һǡ
˼Ϊ˺ŵģ˼ҪĺѾûˣҪô˼ҽ				

410



Ľ˼æ뵽Լҡ
СɩϽȥˣһͻ
һ߸Ľ赹ˮһȥòشĽмˡ
Ľ˵Լĸ׶ǻظɲԼĵܵҲڻظɻģԼѾ˵˶󣬵굽˾ͿԼ˵֡
仰֮ϲʤ
ͥð
ֻǣŻƾôúԼŮ̫ӡ
ŮЩʵ죬̸ô̤ʵֺõˣﻹǣ
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ĽԼѾĿģŻƾߡ
˻ָŮʱúʹŮҲûˡ
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Τĸŵþһæס̱Ůһ̽ŷ֣Ѿû˺
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ΤĸöӰѹŮڼӳϣϸűֱȥ˹ڵļ¥
׻˵һ졣
һΣؼҿǣѾþȣֻ
ԼǮҲˣҲˣôô㣿
ңֻҪԼǰһΣԼھǵа֣ҲԽԹ֡
ʯһģŮЩðȥҽԺŮ
ʯڿǼ˵ʱüͷҲ壬Щᷳ
Լ֪ĻͲá
ŮȻȥ
ԼάԼӺͺӡ
ɼѾˣһߵ֡
ϾҲǰײ
Τĸڿʱ˹ȥ
˳ԱһӣΤĸһģ˵ڵء
һηҲǣҲǡ
ɾʱΤĸֱӱסĴȣޡ
ʯ첻ˣһֱŮһȥΤĸҪҪ顣
ɫһ䣬ʲôоԼ
˵ĸԼǰϸʲôϵһŭһѳŶԷĸ첲˳
㾿Ҫ
һεĻô
ΤĸĨĨᣬ޿䡣
ŮŮûˣ				

411¹ҧһë

ҧһë
һ֮־ŭ
˲ѵȥҽԺôң֮ǰǸôǮô
ʯĸĨĨ۽ǡ
ʱҲ˵ˣŮӲãҪӡ˭֪ԽӹԽŲ鷳ˣԾûҪҽԺϾʱǮҲˡǵȵǷŮ˵ʱҪŮҽԺ
۾͵͵ƳһԱɫͬѿʯ졣
Ҳ£ϾǱ˴˶ű˴˵İѱԼ
ǣһʱ򣬾ͷŮŮѾûˣ
Ҹ
ۿΧΧ۵ԽԽ࣬ԽԽż
˵ʲôΪûˡѵǲøô
Τĸɫɫ˵ˡΤïȴվߺߺȺȣ˭õ
ż뿪ʯȥٿǮǣ뿪
ΤĸмǮҪŮߣȴ룬ʱȻм˰ǿȺ˹
ԭ˼˵û
ԭһŮޡôŮѾҵĺӣ㾹ȻҪŮҸˣ
ޣ㲻ҪԼˣŮҵĺӡ
ǣŮ˵Ǻҵģ˼ٿǮ˵Ҫðױ޸ҡ

һ£ǵȼһȺ塱һɧ
׻ŵĿΤĸǼˣȻΤһ޴룬ģ
Ѳɣ֮ǰ˵ģ
ԼŮһӣȻ󵽴ϵȻһŮƭǮ
ܿ죬˹ŭָΤĸǡ
ƭӣƭӣҶˣŮĺǸڴһĵġǽϻΪ˳ͻԼ׿ڳŮֻԼһȡ
Ĳҵô̫ˣ̫ˣ˵ʵԼ֪ӵǲҵġ˸ҹˣڶһͷҺһ
ҡ
ҲǣҲǣ

һһģվԱߵĹıԽԽ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰںͺǸԼ˵Ļ
Ͳ۶ãŮ˶Ѿˣ֮ǰдŭȻû룬û飬ǰŭ
ԣǾˣô
ʲô򰡣ǽׯ˰ﲻĸСʱ
һǵͨһƬоԼݺݵر˴˼һ۵ġ
ϹҲסɿתؼҡ
ʯȴЩ֮ǰǮ˵Լƭ˼ٿ飬Ů˻ҪǮȴ뻹һĴģҪһŮƭǮ̫ˣ
ҪǣΪԼ˽ԼĴ㻯ΪУôģ
ţôһŮޣһǼҪǮ⳥ֱ̫ˣոҲŸٿǮǮҡ
ŮˣԼĴֱ˲ˣΤĸգѾ䵽ԼڴǮôԸȥ
䣬Էʯ죿
ƾʲôҪԼԸҵǮΪʲôҪ㣿ӣáߣ
ߣ˭ˣǮң
ʯ켱æŮǰˣһûסƵڵأŮˤڵϣۡһ
ʯŮˤˣ£ŭسȥΤĸ˺
ԭѾԶСĿ͸ǿϤת˻
˲ŸոչΤĸŷŭ
ƾʲôҪǮ㣿֮ǰ˵ģƭǮУŮôԳˣ
˭˭˵ģҷƨˣʲô˵õģҸ˵ʲôˣ

˳ֲݣȴǿһһĶ
Ů֮ǰȥǼҪǮԭʯӶģ
ո׻üֱʯ쾪
⣬ⶼǼٵģ
Լ˹ͣʯ촮ͨ˹թԼ
⾿㣬ʲôô
ʯ캢ҲܣֻԼֲֵظʹ죬ٿȻ˹Ļ
һתͷͼŭվԼ
ǿЦһ
˴磬ϸ˺˵˵ǼٵġǲҪǮԲҵġҼ޸㣬ǾһˣǮҵǮΪʲôҪԼأ
˵ûɲǴңǹ飬鲻ô򵥡
ϾΤĸʲôڲãҪ˵¶
ãոǼڷһŮ޵ֱ֮ȥֱ˾ʱ򹫰Ѿš
Τļһ˰ɣǣҲһȥ¼¼
ˣ˼ҪòӦ
û뵽ǣŮ뿪ʱ򣬾ͼԶվһϤӰ
Ľ࣡
վŵˣǸոΤЩһ				

412´רҵ

רҵ
ʲôģһʯû
ϾʯٴҲƻͥ飬ӦöĽֱʡ
뵽Ľϵһͨ绰Խ϶Ľġ
¼ʱһҧǱ˹ֺǵġ
ǵĽ࣬һԶʮС
㿴ңҿ㣬ǰֳԴǲǱ¿ˣֻ߱żˣȻΪʲô뷨
ʮС
һֳĻǸŮֳ̫̫
ɴ˭û˵Ͼǲ
һҧĽģɸΤǱȴ˲ӡ
ûǾȻᱨΤˣڿǵʱŻˣѯʾô¶һͲһǰ;˵˳
ʯԭҧŲڣȵΤ˵ı¼һȵĸҲн˾֣Ļ
û뵽Լոջն˵ԼϱĸﲻԴ
ĻѾһЦ
ŵǸתĶŭسѶҡ
⣬ʯսսرźӣȿʱڡһվֱӣηηŹ顣
ˣ˴磡
۾ͨһƬضʯ졣
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôݹͶ㾿ʲôô
ʯ챻ˣ۾ʲõʱ򣬺ݺݵŮһ¡
ոձ˯ŵŮۡһ˹ֱԴ͸˵ĶĤ
˴磬һʱͿ飬ܲ㿴ںӵϣȥˣҵĴԺţźвУ
ʯĸոմǱߵѶҳⷬæΪŮ˵
ĴҡǧǮ˷ȴһ治ҵȻҪΪŮŮǡ
ǹѾ˼ɱˣԺ˵ϾҪǹģ˼Ǯ˱֮⣬ʲôã
ʯĸƵ̾Ϣһ
ĸԲס㣬㲻ԭҵĻ
ʯĸ˵һ룬תͷֱǽײ˹ȥֻ顱һ̫̫ص˵ϡ
æҵذʯĸȥҽԺŸһͼֵš
ǻû갡ⲻǶѾ˵ôǱˣҪȥ¼ôЩԱǵİЧҲ̫ˣСȥͶǡ
һ飬ùͷʹѣŭѵ񾯡
Ҳ޹ãȻ
Ƕʲô
յʲô鶼ûأͱһͨ
˵ʲôܺ˲ܺ˵ģ
뵽ǽ飬ǻΪ˵ǹ͵飬æ͡
ͬ־ȷǵĴ֮ǰûвùͬ־˲֮ԩǵĴ
֮ͣԩ
ѯʵؿǡ
ѵ˵Τ˶թǵ飿
ǰǸˡ˹ŵӣײȥùɱ˵ġ˵Сͬ־ҲܺߣǹȥҲǺ⡣
鿴˿ոհúõĸ֮俴ɫףӵؿԱʯ죬̲סһ
ˣʯ˵ĲΪ˺ӣҲɢ
ѾùʹСûûĸԼŮҲù
黹ȥ˾ֻ֣˹ǵֱ֮ԼĶ䡣
Լʲô
¼дĶʲô
ûⶫǸײ˹͵׿˵֤ʣ֤Ҳ֤ʡ
鶢ǡ
ôȻ֤֮ʣǲôңôͳһ֤ʣ
񾯿ŹЩ±ơ
ʲô
׵ô
ˣ֪ԼĶӱݺģӦøôӦöЩݺӵ˸оŭô
զŪñȺأ
ƺҲ֪׹ĺ壬æҡҡͷ
ǵġҲӡҵĶӣûɱҵȻģҵȻܿġֻǺɻЩ֮ǰһҧǹɱôôȻ˴ʣ
Ҳһ⣬˵©졣ԭ˹ͨǣҪǸ֤ʣҪùͱڹһӳη
һӡ
˭
ҡҡͷһΡ
Ҳû˵˭Ѿһ㿪ʼŲˡȵʱҵ˵Ļ֪ͨͬ־ġ
һ
ܹϴƺҲһ¡
ֻǹû뵽ǣɳţ̧ͷͼԼһ΢ЦĽࡣ				

413¹үүûô

²ҪĽ࣬Ͼ̫࣬еۡ
ƫƫĽšɽңҾȥɽԼȥ
үү컹úô
˵黹뷢𣬱ϾԼ
ԼԼŭضĽࡣ
ⶼģ
Ϊүүڽӵҵ绰ʱѾ֪ҪˣΪүүڿʱ򣬾Ѿ˱ľˣ
㡭
ôôܷŭô֪֪֪Ϊɱ˽˼ұƷã˱˶ӵʱʱ飿
Ҫʱһ֤ݶָ˹ͣɻûھĽס˵Ļ
ǲҪʵ֤ǹɱˣе֤֤֤ǹɱˣûʹͣûŹûдĵĺӿ
Ľ˼ըֱ֮뿪ߡ
ƾһֱĽҲ˵һʵıڡ
㲻˵ʲôô⼸飿
ƾҡҡͷ
ûʲô˵ġ
㲻˵Ҫ㡣
ĽԼ͹֮ĹϵԼ˵һ飬ĻƾڵɿڴĿࡣ
ˣʲôˣ
ԼΪά쿸ػЩ˻һֻΪŪԵģȵĻؼҲãǹͺĽأֻƾԼһ˫ѾҺˡ
ǲǺܳԾǲǺܾȣ
ţ
ʵҸ˵Щû˼ֻҪһ顣
ʲô
£ֻԼ˼ȡ֮ǰǸĽѵ֮ǰ͸˵ңΪ£Ҹ㿪ʣסôڣһǡ
ĽԼĿڴóһٿǮóһȫƱݡ
ǮúĸסȻȥҸҵĵطúѧϰ
ƾ߬ȭͷ۾ĽеǮƱҡͷ
Ҫ
ҪĽǮƱҲѧϰġ
Ҹģšǵã֪ʶⶫѧԽ࣬ԺĻرԽࡣңҸǮƱ׻ģͶʣֻһ˽һһѧϰңĻǮһǧٱ׬ʱֻҪԹҸĹʵ;С
ңҲҪǮС
뵱ʣһҪأУĸ۾ϵɴҪˡһõĲˣǾһۡ
죬Ҫ˰ɣ
УͰȥְɣ
ϾԼʱѾ̫ˡ
ƾеЩǮƱֻȫůڵģﵽ֡
ڶһ磬ƾС棬ĸڵھһȡ
СЩǸСŮѸİɣ
ƾŲһ٣תͷ֣µعʾǲԼŮѡ
Ǻˣǹˣ׵ġŮѣǶ󣬶ǰɣ
ƾûзĬתͷ뿪
Լһӣûлᡣ
⼸죬Ľ࣬ŷˣʱ򻹿Իַʽ
ֻҪһСָǰôһƣе鶼ĵطչȥ
˼켸ҹҲû뵽Ľ྿ôǸϴ󻹴ǮôǱ˭û뵽ĽԼû֣˼ˣȥΤһ⣬ȥڴɢһϢͽˡ
ԣҪŬ飬кܶࡣ
СС
ƾоԼȻһ£Լĸ׵
ʲôأҽ㼸㶼ˣ
ûʲôֻͬ־˵Բɴˣ֪۾ָô
úúãڿԲˣôҶϰˣܿȻˣܿҲԹ˼С֪֪
ƾ˵ͷĽҪԼѧϰ˵һ顣
ĸĬһ˲֮󣬲Żڡ
Ҹ㣬˼Сͬ־Ǹͬ־ԺԲҾĲ㣬Ҿ˵Ҳӵģ
ƾתͷĸףǸ߶ԷǸԼ˵ġ
ԶԲ
ſڡ
Ľഩźް۾һգգضžִţֱŴСʱų˹ȥ
壬ôڲųҶѾ˺þˣ
ͿųԼŮȻԼǰʱſеĶӦ¡
Ľ໹ûзӦͼֻ첲ſ§ڻ
§Լģĸ첲Դŵģ˼ʵţŵģǿ
ĽšһԼĴȣŷԼ·̫ˣšס
̧˸첲ס˶Է
壬ģ㡣
˵ϲ㣬˵Ұ㣬˵ԶԶһ
ϧʵǸС				

414³ȥ

һͷǧҪ˵Ȼߵʱȴ֪οڡ
õζûãĽȻ˺󼸲ſԼŹʵ֡
жȻһգһϮ˹⵽ڵĺϮͷ
Ľûע⵽Ȼʧı飬ЦеŹƼߡ
ͶĽཿĻԺе˼Ľ೶ԼƵСϡ
ۣСһ̲ˮһƺԼֻҪһգ־Ҫʧ١
壬ôˣǲû˵
Ļ̌ͷؿŹ͡
ͻæִҴٵҡͷɵĽǿԶԼ˼۾شͷ
ûû¡ֻǶˡ
ǿߡӦúþöûԵķ˰ɣú㳢⼸ҪȥˣԴҲԲ˼ˣ
ʱ̫ˣԼûд׵̫ġ
ԥһ£סĽࡣ
ôˣ
Ҫȥ
ȥ
һΪʲô뷨
壬ε鲻ǶѾôΪĻûҪ
ǣ
ǵġ
ӣÿ鶼ҪĽάԼҪĽԼԼһһԼϲ˶ˡ
۶γҪӵбĽʵԸΥ˵۶ͳ顣
ȻȻҲԼڵ۶ǣڵ۶ʹԺԼʲôҪǣĽ࣬ԼԶҪİ
ҪɳΪĽڷ絲꣬ȨòǾͻһַʽ
Ǯ
ǣȥ
Ľԥһ£̧ͷǰڷˣ֮ǰ˧ʣҲȵԼʶʱǷֻΪ˴
۳ǣ
ѿڶ붼롣
ĽȻؿŹ͡
ΪʲôǸ۳ǣ
ϣǸΰҪȥϷӲʱнᱻΪʱ򡭡
ֻ飬ֻԼ֪ԼôҲûа취ͻ͡
Ǹ۳ǲû죡
͵ɿкܶ࣬ǰЩѵʱڼȥ˶ȥˡ
ǣʱȥܹĺõ˲ûм
ȴǿԺ͹ʽӹĵط
ң֮ǰĽΰ˵ûΰܹ飬Լ
ͲڣĽﲻ֪ʵѾ¶˾ģ
һŬسŹ΢Ц
壬ʲôʱ뿪
ˣ
ã
û˭ҪһֱһģȻϲͣҲ֪ԼΪԼϲ˽ذѹȦԼߡ
ײġ
Ƽҡ
ƾѾĸ׵ķԸе߲˺ȫˣȻЩֲڣҲӹˡ
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ͣ
ԼͶԷֹһ˼ʮǮ
ڼ֮ЩΡ
;û¶һĽ󵭵ͷֱ֮ӽӹеĲ˵
ۿŹŵᳵ·ؿʼ˵ʱϵıЩ졣
ԹеĵӲɱˣҿô
Լ͹û٣Ķȴȫһ
Сͬ־ˡ⼸û¶˵ԼˣһúóܲӧҲǲͬܲײ֮ıȽܻӭĲˡ
ܶΪ˷ţΪ˷·Ǻġ
Ľ൹Цˡ
ðʵӦø˵ģ֪Ļˡ
ƴЦЦ˵Ľ
Ľȴû˵ֻǰѻƾ˽֣µĿŻƼҵˡ
ƴ磬ҿɣ
ƾЩܳæ˵Ųá
ȻԼĽʹ󣬵ĽȴԼҪõöࡣ
ƴƴ磬ֻҪһ顣ʱģҲЮͼҲͼıѾáոմӾֳҪ뿪۶ȥ۳ǣҺܵϾ۳ز죬ֻһˡ
ĽĻû˵ȥڳ˭ɵӣô᲻Ľ˼
ƾ붼û롣
ȥ
ĸû˵ȵƾ˿֮ɫص˵ͷ
ȥҲԡСҸ㣬λͬ־һܸ֮ǰ£ҪҪѧҪ˳Ͽҡ
Ľܸм
Ƽֻһӣĸܹûƾ͹ȥԼ
ƾģڼһչ˺ôġŹ壬ܹȫߣҲᰲȫذллǡ
Сͬ־㲻˵ĻҶ˵أңӺɷȻúõȥعһܲСͬ־ȥһ£ҺСú˵仰				

415


ӳ˳ȥĿʱˬ
ԭͲ󣬸ЧҲã˵Ļһ
ɫӵؿĽࡣ
С˶ôܰķ£
㲻ġ
ҵģòãԼ϶ĵĵ㣬ʱԼ϶ҲӰ졣
֪ĽѾ⣬ԼȻȰ
ңոջƾڿĽʱߣס
˵ǲͬ࣬ˣů˶ʱȻһ顣
ԣȻܹѻƾߣҲᡣ
ԺĽмˣѾһС
ܿġ
ΪʲôҪôã
ͻأؿڣĽзɿһϵľɫһ֮ʧ
١
ԼտŹͣһСЦ⡣
ȻΪҵ尡
еĽźڴΪʧ
ǰֶŮĹϵ㵱ȻҪҺã
ЦĺǿֻһͷĽȴû
ĻƼĸҲǻĸԻƾľͶ
ģ˵ЩҶ֪鷳Ŭѧϰ۽磬һõˡҲҪ㣬Сͬ־ڣҺúչġ
ƾȻ֪ĸ˵Ļʲô˼ԼСͬ־Я󱨣ԹôأĽ֮ǰΪһԼûѪԵϵ嶼̶ֳȣֻܸá
̸̸ˣķҲĲˡ
Է֮ǰĽͣһ£˵ǽ첻ҪŹͺúýӷ磬һһ¶
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˵ˡ
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һ˫۾ȫѾóʱˣĸûԼȻؼһ졣
ڣĽذǰɴ£ĸ۾
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Ľ༱æûĸ۾
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ĸݺݵصͷ
֮ǰĽԼʱǷ񻹼ǵãҪ۾ӽ飬Լӳö꣬úõعӡ
һٷԹĽ࿪ʼƾŹ뿪֮󣬻ĸ
סͦõģǽַģϤ
Ľȴ롣
ҹڵ۶һ׷ӣҲ֪Ҫ뿪ˣʱǷǿյģǻҪǮ˸ǿӡ಻㣿ȥҲҪҪҡΪ꣬ҸÿʮǮǮô
Ľ࣬ôԣҸǿţҪʲôǮο֮ǰסԺ۾ƣҲûиǮأҪ治Ҫ
˵ǷĽģࡣ
ĽⱲӸţС
ﲻԸĻǾˡҸˣֻ˲ңƹҲʮǮҪߡʲôƼô
ĸΣֻӦ¡
Ľڶȥ˱磬йһ֮Եࡣ
ӵʱʶĽ࣬عģʴӱģȴûļǧһģִ֮С֪˺ܶĽ顣
Ǽ˿ڣĸĹŵһѽΣȫ֪ӾĽģСǳܱϲƳЩͯҲĽдĵȵȣС˵ĽҪһ֤Ҫרʱ붼룬ʶʣֱӸˡ
ټĽ࣬ȵˣˣҲƯˣһЦԼĽ˰칫ҡ
Ҳ˵־˾ô飬˵ĽԼڿʱҲһ㵡
壬Ĳġ
˵ʲôòõģһ壬ȻҪúд㡣ȻС֪ˣǵҶòã
Ľ̲סЦЦû˵ʲôлֱӰԼרݸࡣ
ǡ				

416Ľ๻

ϸϸؿһ飬ĽдĶ˵ר⣬˵ǽ顣
Σʵֻһɵ¼ѣ֮ԽԽԣϾҶһ֤Ļκ鶼ÿһ֤߻ڱ֮ĶҲı硣
ûĽдľǹҵ飬úõؽһ飬һ˵򾭹ͽ˳ֵܽ˵˵֤߻ڱҪԡ
֮ǰǸŮ˵֤֪ԷỳԼӵĺӣҲ˷۱вֵĻҲΪΤĸ׿ȺӣҪթ׵ˣӶ֮ı磬Τһغ
ĽҲһɵӣȻһԼڹԹ˼ҵı֣һȽϴ֮д˲ӾǱߵڣȫΪα֤αŶֵı¼
ֻ⻹ǰ֤ͻڱϸϸЩĺôͱҪԲһ֤֤ͻڱ֮󣬲ֻǿԽͷʣճ͹ܺõЧ
飬Ľ˵Ĳ
Ͼһ飬óóȻؾݹȥԸĽʾҪȥ濪ᣬרȥġ
Ľ䴽ǵͷû뿪óһݸⲻǸ״ģš󹫰ͬ־๤ĬĬţ˽ס
ĽֶԴʵдų羴͸м֮飬ÿһ˲ػĽĲмᡣ
ⷽʶҲɸ̾Ľһеġ
Ľ࣬˵ʵĲǱ༭Ǳ༭ǱǱߵı༭õĲҪ̫ࡣ
ĽЦеҡҡͷ
ˣ׼߿أҲı༭һıôǿͶġ
һ㶣ȻЦǺǵĵ˵ͷҸĽ˵һܵذĽߡ
ȴҶڲ²ǰС˭ʱ򣬺ȻͼϵЦݣ˰칫ңԼİ칫ҵš
ϣᡣ
⼸һֱòߵﶼôҲͣؿԼЩ꣬ƫƫֲ˵ʲôϾԼá
Լ֮ǰ˵ĺúõһ£Լɫ۾˵ĻԶŹһĻŲ䵽һ
ңڼԼƭǮ֮ΪԼŶӰѶ˼ֱЦһֲ֪֮ͨﴫϢ˵ΪԼƭǮԱĸɱ֮Ĵԡ
ҲΪִԣԼ˽ȥúõ˵һͨҪúõذԼļ֮Ļ
ίί
ֲܼ˾͸˵ǸִֻֻĳЩ֪黹Կơ
ܿ죬˵ѾΪ˱ʾԼԹ͵֮ģרڹͳһúõ˲ٺþƺò˴úõغ͹Ŀܴ֮ܲĸҡ
һֱȵȵȣȵʮ㣬ûп͵ˡ
ʱЩģǲǹʲô⣬û뵽ǣڶ쵽˹ȥʵʱ˼ҸѾˣˣ
ŭɶ
˵ΪʲôԼѾôʱˣ͹Լһô
ԼܵƣԼӦúúͣùͳͷʱͻѧˡ
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ֻȥϰʱ򣬷ִҿԼĹŹ֡
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룬ԼƺҲûеʲô˰
ֻû뵽ǣԷ͹͵˱ֽһͷͷ
Ȼ뵽Ľ֮ǰЩ飬˵Լһר⣬ʱԼúÿ
˵ǸѲɾĽ˵ר⣿
ǵõֽ֮ȴ֣ʲôר⣬һѡ
ֻһССıҲ㹻̵ġ
ŭ˺˱ֽ־绰־ȴ˵Լȥ濪ȥˡ
黹ûҵˣĽ˵רⱨˡ
ڿǸ֮һƨϣĿɿڴ
Ľ࣬ݣ
ר֮ԿԿǳͱʾѾͨĽĽ飬ҲǵʱһνĻڱ֤
רⱨԺˣ˭еĻڱ֤˭ͻ뵽Ǽһ¶ȻԼԶԶĳΪ˲෹Ц
ݣ

̣				

417

Ľߵʱר׼ȥݷһҺˡ
˵ĸĽ飬˵һֱڹעŹ˼ҵ飬Ȼ֪ĽΪҲĽĴĸɴ࣬䣬˿ˮеӡ
ǿǺ¶ĽԶԹ˵Ľ൱һԽύˡĽ̫СĸҪĽ޸ԼҶӡ
ĸ˼һ
ʲôأͣٴһܵĽĵˣ
ĸգֻᵽԼҶӵʱ⻹᲻ϵҡͷЦ˵ԼӦðġ
ƵؿһۣɿһҪڵʱ˺ӰѺӸһĽ
ڿЦá
ҲΪ˶Ľͬоˡ
ϾԼϿɵˡ
֮ǰĽùͰĺԺúôɨһ飬ʽѻƼȫ˹
¾磬ˣ˺ͺӹԷ
˵ĸڿЩ߹ǺĽӸӼöӸĽĴ㣬˵ڿ֮ʱ򣬰߬ȭͷ
û뵽Ľ಻ֻ˵۶ô̵ʱ䣬Ѿôϵ
ңô򵥵ˣȻƶͳ˲ͬǰͦĺǰҲֻһһ岮ؽţ֮ǹ
ǹһȥģ˶ĽԼġ֮ǰںСǶ˵Ľķ˱ȽϺóԣֻûԹȿϰŵɫζʮطˣ̲סݺݵһ
ⶼѾһûгԹĽķˡһƣ̲סĽ൱Ǽʱӡʱɹ찡
ĸЦеؿڣȻ뵽˵ոճԵĽ෹ʱӡ
֮ǰĽʶֻǾĽΪԼҽϣû뵽Ľ֮ǰѾ˵۶ѯĽκġ
Һ֮ǰȻûʲôҲʶ
⣬ȻǺȽ˵
Լ֮ǰʶĽ˵һ飬˵ԼܹߵһĽƶĽ
Ҳ˵ԼҶӵಡѾ˲٣Լ̥ҲĽҩ
СһֱԱȲ˵Լȥռס˼죬ĽĹ£úȤдŸС飬˷ܵؿ˵ԼĽʶľ
֮ˣĸ˵ԼĽǼ׸ʱ򣬶ĽǷĵĸмΪĽṩǼ׸裬ΪĽΪôܹؽ԰м
ǲ֪ĽĿɲֻЩʱǼңûʲôģԾʹȥ̵·Ľһϣ˵ҪԼȥû뵽ıĻҪÿ
ɲǣ⺢Ӱ

ĽЦõŴҶԼĽܣǿеǸ൱İ
˵ĻôôԼһɲࣿ͸
ɲôҵСɣԵ㣬ߵ
ǣǹ˵ˣȻǳԷˡϧЩˡ

ԱߣŴҸոնĽĿ佱ԼɣԼǵһ֪ʶĽõһˡ
Ľڹ͵̲סת˹ͷֹһգգĿԼʱһģ㵵ؿŹͣǱܿ˹͵ߣɿһ
壬ңǲҵʲô
ҡҡͷĽһʨͷ
Ե㣬ֵ
ڻ̫ˣķͰ˴ˡ
ĽܾᣬԵĻԼҪˡĸոպãͦģֵĻ϶ÿ
ɹ֪ĽҪ˵ʲôһɿҡҡͷ
棬ÿ
˵ţָĽ˵ˡ
Ľһ죬̲סֿʼţǲǹͶԼ˼
뷨ոճֱ֣ϳԺ
һֱֶŮһֱôõģǧҪ룬ǧҪ롣
ڳˣֻлƼĸ˾һٷЩ졣
ĸû뵽ԭֻǸԼ۾һСﾹȻôɻƾľ͸ˡ
ԭ֪˹͵ľ֮󣬻ԼŬŬĻ˵׷ϹͣʱԼҲʲôʸ񡣿Ľ飬оãԼˣ
ҶˣȻܿͶĽļֺͰ֮ǰΪͲ˵ΪҪػĽ࣬ôҪ۶ôҪȥǸνĸ۳ǣҲΪĽ˰ɣ
Сκһһ𶼻Աİɣ
ܿģֿʼԼ
ûϵԼᣬֿܣȻĽû˸׷ôǾͻлᣬô
ƾ뵽̲ס̧ͷһ۶ĹͣͼʹʱҲ˹
˵ڿн㣬ҵĻ
ֻϧҶææ˵Ȼû⵽
ſڣȻ˼ŵ				

418

߳ȥţȴվŵĲǱˣǹʯ졣
ϵıȻô
ü춼ûкԼϵĶӣüͷļֱԼӬ
ߣڼ㡣ɵãһֱסţôķӡе׻û㵽׻ûаԼ¹˼ˣ
ʯԱ߿ǸϾԼˣæЦЦ顣
˴磬㲻ҪӰ
ϾǽɲǺ˳ܵġ
ޱؿ۾ⶼûʯһ
˵ô˵뿪ɣڳԷдˡ
ողѯûаô
仰ݺݵػشһ¡
ûУ
̣ŭתͷʯ졣
ŭҲһʲôӣΪʲôˣӵĿˣ
˿ΪĻ
ҵСʱѾսˡ̸ҵģҴС֪ңҼ滹ҵȥʱʿ֤ҪĻҿ˸ҼĹ
ͣ㣡
Һܺãллټ
˵Ҫţŭ
ͣҿĸҹš
ɹͻǣԥصǵŸϡ
ıӶˣͷҪͷˣʯȻܰ
ż֮¼æһֻŽŷҪͣȴ͸û£Թŵʱ򲻿ɱļеĽţʯʹؼһ
ʹ
عͷĹ鿴ʯ챧Լţ۾ͨ죬ֱģǻðɣָŹ͵ıƿڴ
ǣ֪ĸ֮ǰǲãĸĸͨ㡣㲻ϲĸõĸףѵһ¶ô
üɻؿŹ顣
˵ʲôͨң
Ҳһͷˮ
Ľͷβ˶֪飬ͻ᲻֪
ù;ǹģҪһ
㲻ҪװˣĽ˵㲻֪ΪְѾ˽ͷβЦǼЩëƤ飬Ѿ˴Ҳ෹Цϣˣ
üͷ˵
Ľ࣬ʲô
ˣ͵ȷ֪
͵󣬺ȻĽ
ͼæתͷȥĽ̲סǰ浲˵ҪĽӦˣûĽ
Ľᵽ͵ģŹЦЦ޷˵
壬ˡԼԼѾˣЩô
棬Ĳ¡
ϾﵱĿǱЩҪֵö࣬Լ׵ԶԸݵҲó
үү֮ǰҾ͸߹㣬Ҫúƴ塣ʲô㲻Ҷ¶㲻Ұ̫ݣ㲻Ҫץѱֲ̣ǲ֪֪Ҫսҵļޣ˵˵ҲʲôôԵҵı֤
Ҫѹʹ۶һžۣɲôž۷
ͽ˾֣ǿɺãһ̵š
ϣĶôõ飿
һֲǲ֪ҪҪʱ仰̲סЦˡ
ĽһһүүĽʲôҲ˼ڡ
ǹ鲻˼ڣǱ˿ԡ
ʯͨĿĽࡣ
Ľడ鲻ع˴飬ͲҪ
û˵үүйذйزô绨ǮҪȥ̰ĲҪǮĻҲ¸ЩĿ֤ˣҲһӵиȥǼƭǮүүʲôϵأϾġ
ʯɫǺ˵֮ĽֿͬյĹ顣
үүո˵ˡΪǵļͥΪһԲʲôλ̵ĸʲôͳͳû߹塣⼸ûлؼңΪҪˣҪУҲΪԺӵúúʰʰϾܻȥ׼סһô˵ﻹôѣȻóú߶߶ԭҪ֮ȥ˼ҵģ룬ƺҲûбҪˡһû˸磬ɩɩҹƳԲأ
ŶλӦĹ⼸ûؼҹúòðɣȻ˿ˣҪ˰ɣ¾磬һˣҲðǻȥƴ磬ѹЩүүһˡûȥҪһ֪ͷҿܲס
ĽģѶԷ˵߷
˵ʲôԼһ֪ͷڷԼ֪
ԼѪеҪѵΣգյرʾˣתͷߡһ֮ȴԼϱûи
ʯ죬أҪ˼ָŭ֪ô				

419һֺ

һֺ
ʯ۾ίίĿ˹һۣͨһĽǰһ
Ҫȸһס
ĽҲһʶתͷײ˹͵Ļ档
̧ͷȻؿȥÿǵĵУʱһģææشӹ͵Ļ㿪Ļ
һյġ
ĽѾԼôǾˣ
Ҳǣ˭ܲأ
ãԼ֮ǰܹԼ۶Ŀ˵ףǲǹͲԼ֮ʯǼҲԼˮһţҲ֮飿ĽԶһˣҪѧϰ
ͺۣܿգߡ
еŪһֵһڹʯǵǨŭ
ԣ
û֮ǰͲԼǹĶӣԼ۶ʼסڹ˼
ڼˣɼֻЩֲԼסס޷öѡ
ԹôԴԼʵԶԶûĽѹ
˵ģԼѾǸҪĸ׵ͣǳôҪԼˣǻôΣ
ȴΪĽԹ֮ġ
ǣĽڼ⣬ǣĽ񲻻ôѹôίԣǵĴ
Ľ࣬ҸǸˡ֮ǰҲãܾܲȾ裿ҽԺ棬Բѣ֮ǰѾ˹ôһҲܾǲǣ
ĽŻȻ򣬹ֲʱ
֮ͨĵ޶˵ӿһɷŭ
棬ȷûи߹͹ڹǵ飬ΪҪѹ˵Ǹɣ֮ĹϵԼʲôϵĵģֻйͶѡ
ΪʯһιҪ͵ġ
û뵽ǣǹĿĸ͹޹أֻΪ˹Լʯĸβġ
ԣڹĵףҲһп޵ô
ԲǲŪˡͲκõģЩЩרѧߡҪĻӦȥЩ˰ɣ
ǵġҶѾʹˣǶ˵εġĽ࣬ҴˣҸϴòãҾֻһ裬ҴС
Ľĵ׵ŭǻɽһ
ǰֻôһѣҹСֻôһأڼʱڸ
ףĽ໹Ϊͱί
סĽ֣жҡҡͷĽ༷һЦݡ
Һܺãû¡
ܺã
˭ʱúܺõģ
ԽĽԽù;Ϊ˰οԼǿջЦֱҡͷ
ԲҪչؿԣ
˵ţĽŹ;Ҫתͷˡ
Ϊʲô㲻ҽôҽְ𲻾Ǿˣ
Ľ಻ΪһҪ뿪ʯ켱æϥмȥ͵Ŀӡ
ͣͣҴˣҸǸȰȰĽòãֻҪĽԸ⣬ԺҰ˼Ҷԡ
ʯ죬ھͲҪڹ˼ңϸҹ
һŭʯ춶˶뵽ڲ²֪ĸףӲͷƤ
ͱͣ½ŲһŮˣ᲻زá
ĽûйǵȥקŮ˵֡
үүܺǼҵô˼ҵѾܶˣǧҪŪĸӳϢȻ˭϶ÿأ
Ľвó
ٴǺӲҧʯĺԺſڸˡ
ΧھЩߣĽЦеظǴкҪƾѼԼһЩ֮ĶҸһǻһЩ
»صλϣĬûոһ־磬һܹĽѧϰ
Ѳѣ·ŪϿαʲôģŪ
˵걨˲٣㻹ҪŬ
㿼Ĵѧ
ѧʲôרҵѧҽô

ĽһشˣʱһڼСŴŴӺ͸ոǸݵСȻͬ
ɢˣؼҵ·ϣĸƵ̾Ϣһ
ϧС̫СˣϧǼ̫ˡ
ȻСϡ
ҺãҶãҲãǧٱػ㣬ƫƫվƸߵû취Ϊڸ
Ͼ̫Сˣǹ˼ң˰ҲֻܳưͿ
ܷܲ˾˵һʮĴүǶһԵŮС˰ɣ
˵ǺʶĽ࣬ɾΪǼҵ̬̫ģˣСһιûȥݷãȥǼҺҡ
˼ԭһֺƵģˣ				

420ıı

ıı
ǸҵŮˣԭǸţǹǸɣɳĽǼ֮ҡһֱ˼
ؼڣĽᣬ
Ķ˵͸ˣ˵δҪ
Ҫ֪Ĺ沢ֻĸõ˴ڣƫƫĽ˵ֻԷΪģ˭ô
һεһר⣬һǴһײȻˣȥμһΪ֤ͻڱ᰸ٰһ飬˲⡣
֮󣬿Ƿĸ¼֮ŷ֣ԭһУǸСѾ뵽ˡ
ϧ̫СȻ;
ӣĽûп;һ·
ڲ֪ԼΪʲô룬ҡҡͷ
û˵ֻ˵ĽԼԭһʦֻʦȥˣǸظˣѹ˺þá֮󣬾һŶ˼ؿʼѧҽƺҪʦ²ȥ
̾Ϣһٴεһϧ
ѧҽĻ˵ʮʮ֮ҲһԱ֮
ҵĳĸԱߴߴ
ĽҪ۶ѧˣǿɺáʱĽסڼ棬ǾͿԵķˡ
εؿһѾʼֹ˵ҪΪĽ׼ʲôš
һӸҲ˼˵ĳڡ
ĸһۡ
Һ˼б¶ĻʱĽĲ㲻Ҫԡ
ĺԺʱԵһǽԼƺֿˡ
ǸʵżһҲûġ
СЦõؿԼҸĸҡҡͷ
ҿĽƻѡסУ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʱ䣡
ԣסѧУԽʡʱ䣬ҲѧĶ
ôСһСΪʲôԼôۣ˭ڱһÿμĽܻ࣬Լһ
Ľ˿û뵽ǾȻԼƵһ߶ȡ
ڳԹ֮󣬵ŻĸԼϵǮȫȡ˹͡
壬ǳ⣬õǮϾҸ·
ҪܾģĽĻ͡
ҪܾҲܾܾ棬ԭʼʽĻԼǵʱ䡣Ǯǵͱȱ˸ߡ
˵֮ĽҲû˽ԼһСǮ˻ĸ
ƾŹ壬һ˿Կ۽磬
ѧԭҪȥѧУúѧѧѧУʲôʱܽᾭȴʲôʱеġʵѴӹҲҪû˺֮ǡֻҪ͹ͬЭûõ顣
һǮҸƴҲҪƴǡӦõģ˻ƴ⼸ʱ䡣ƴҹڸ۳ǳʲô飬ҶԼôͶôġ
Ľָ״
ĸ۾Ľ֪࣬ĽЩ˼
ûƾǮ˻ƾС
Сͬ־˵ûҸ·ǮﲻҪ㡣ֻúú¶

ƾжԸӣҪǮȥȴĸӲǰ˻ȥ
ţסţСͬ־Ҳ˵ˣǮҲ㻹ʲô÷ģֻҪһ˴磬Сͬ־Ͳ᲻
ƾԼҪ˼æͷ絷⡣
ǣһúøɻúù
Ľڷһģѹͽ˳ȥ
壬ҸȥǵĳƱҲŪ˽ţֻȥǱߵ·ǵõ˹֮ԼǾ仰⣬Ҫ̡
㲻˵ߣ
˵ģǵײġԵ뿪
ûԶŵˣĽôĵ£
ȻҪĽ뿪ĽԼ뿪ĻǻܶһһԻǵͷ
ƱǺϵģĽֻü׼˵·ϳԵĶĽʲôҪ
ȽϷ㡣
ô㣬û˵
ʶľãĽûȥ۳ǣ˵Ļеġ
ʱܿ쵽Ҫߵһ죬ںС
һ£һù͡
ʹŶĽĲԼĽļ֣ȻȻ̤δ֪ó̡
ƾĸף۾ͨ죬ȻᣬΪԺ񲻵òǿӦδһС
Ҳ˵뿪ôĽԼ뿪֮Ҳ˸Ļ𳵡
ôżͲܶڵ۶찡㲻֪֮ǰڼ߶㣬ɰҷˣҪǹĻҾͱˣ
СĻһڣԱߵЦ
߶Ľ࣬߶أϾô껹ûкӣ
Сɫһ䣬Ϸ༥
ǰûҽˣûӣΪѾϴСˣȻ鶼ûᡣǸԺǸӣֳϵģ˼ҶѾˣ㶪ˣ
˾ĽĴһ
ˣǡ
ֻǵŲСϵʱüһĨǳ				

421»


ʯΪĽ಻Լĸ׿飬ҪΪѹҲԹˡ
ԼֱӻңԹ鲻ܲʡ
Ҳɹġ
סԺˣˣɩźڼ˵Ҫ飬Ҫȥ˵˵Ҫټޡ
ҲΪ񰡣˵ˣԼ飬ΪʲôҪＸꣿһҲǸʯ˺øлҲС
ʯĿѣŴɩƿڴ
ޣŮӻҪƷ˭ô棿ԼѾҺ¼ңȲҪ޹ȥ˰ɣ˵Ϊʯ˺ʯҸԣȣһˣ
޹֮˵ҪסͰѷøˡ˵ҪӣͰźӣϻȥסҪӣҽǮ㡣͸½Ӽҵһ
ˣ
ʯɩҲǳԸɷģϷ༥
Ϊʲôö㻹ǵң㲻ҵĻЩǴĶŪģʯڵĹǴĶģôǮ÷ŪģǲʮЦٲѡ
ʯԼڼոպ͹鳳һܣⷬڻϽͣǶ˵ȥԼɩݺݵشһ⡣
ɩҲǣֱӰѺһӣʯ˹
Ա۴еĿţʯʹɩҴɿ
ʯȰסҲۺӣæرźӣԺг˼ܡ
ԭͲҹ·ҲߣֱֱһСʱ
ڼƾƣԭúõһңԼʯ죬ΪԼ¹һӣҲչ˵ĲȫģԶʯƽʱһЩӼҵΪһֻ۾һ
ֻ۾
û뵽ǣ͵ĵƽľ棬ȻԼҸԼƭǮһ˲֣ϣ
ƫƫΪĸһͷײ飬Ϊ׷ͷβҥҵ˶ˣܶʯô
컹Ϊʯ죬Ľǰ棬οĽվźˣˣˣĶܲɻʯȸһܣ˵ֻ˼Լӣ
棬ĽѾ̵ִıʾԼạ̊́Լ磬Թ飬ȶĽЩ»ҪĽĽôȥ
ֻǿʵµʱԽֻӶѡ
ֻϧʯ̫ס
һƿ¶ǣůĹº˯һֱǼҵķű˺ݺݵҿ
Ů飬¶ˣˣ
Ժѹ֣ʱ˸
飬ѹĨһ
˵ôˣ
ʯϵľ˽ϹȥʱʯſѾΧһȺˣ߻дžƷ
ɫڵعȥҪʯ뿪ڵʱʯյʱ̲סһ
ԭͲôÿӵѪܵģټͷɢһ
һ֮һŭöԷӦ̫ˡ
û뵽תͷŭɩֵ̫ʱȴַϵ˿ڱʯ컹Ҫѿ
ѿڶĻڿУ˵̲¡
ǻڵڷʯ鶼ǴɩĴǿ˼ǼҺ۸˺ֳܿһš
ԭھǻ֪澿ʲô飬ǵʯĻ֮Ͽʼָָ
ʯַǳɹ黷һܣȴãȻ֣ԼȻ֪ߵһ
ʲôģʲôûʲôûȴҪһøһסһһãʹ
˱۾תͷҪߣȴۼʯקס˸첲һסǱקҫ
ң²ˣֵľֳֻҪ飬ҸļޣһҪԲ˶ߡ
ɫŤֺγ
ʱ򱻱Ȣʯ죬Ҳֻܸû뵽龹Ȼߵһ
ʯҲǵǸɬؽŹ˴ĴŮˡ
ؿʯһۣݺݵ˦֣ڡ
ʯҵ飬޹ءԼŰ졣
˵꣬ԱߵŮ첽뿪Ⱥ
ŹıӰʯȻһĨ
æ߼׷ϣʼ֮ǰһ
ָ֮˵ûġ
ɹӶǰûڣֻҪʯ˵һۡ				

422


ҹ൱֡
ʯһ֮ͨص˼ҵҲһܡ
Լԭиǰ;δȴΪʯˡ
ʯȴãԼˣԼ̫ø˼ĸ׽ҽԺû˸ԼˣָŹıƿڴ鵱ΪܵˣڴȢԼ峤֤ҪһֱԼá
Сʱûж飬֮˲֮˲٣ڼһı˵ĶˣԸøһ˫ֲָ˱֡
ʯᰡ
ǴǶģ˭˭ԸˣЩ̫̫Ƕվڴһ졣
ھӱѹ鿴ŭ޿̴ʯһơ
һƴʯԴһ
۾Ѫ죬һֱӳŹ˹ȥҲ룬ֱ˹ϣһţݺݵҧ˹Ķ䡣
ֻöһʹһȣͷͼѾ˲Ѫ
ʯѪζʱҲѹһʱŵûɢ
ֻúõĶ䣬Ѿһ϶Ѫ۾Σ
ַھǼææߴŹȥҽԺúơڼ֮ǰ˼ҵЩ̸ֶ֮˲١
һУĽȫ
˹֮ͿʼҪؼҡ
֮ǰҲ˵顣
ڰԼһרҸ˻ῴһԺϱһС
ϾлƴסôһĺԺײҪ˼ҹɻģֻһͷҪסѡ
Щϱûʸ񱻹ҰŹĻҹףĽÿʮǮĻⲻʧΪһù
ֻǣڶٻЩĽࡣ
Ҫһ˵ĻÿµøʾҪ١Լܹüô
Ľһ£Լ˹ͲǮҲ˲١
壬ġ˵ǮƽֻҪû£ǮʲôԸǮڱϣҲҪǮԼϡ
ڵ׻ӦˣĽһˣһŮˣʿ
Ůֶһָ˵΢ЩȳĽʱԼЩĽ಻ܣĽûаԹԵؾͽǡ
ڻҪĽһǵԴأĽû
ܵˣȻεġңϳˣ˵ԭʲô˵ҲС˶ѣ¾С
һϾʵѾ˱÷Ľ಻Ը⣬Իˡ
еĽһףŮĽзࡣ
֮ǰҲ˵һпܲһɹû뵽ĽһӦ£Ľ˵ǷΪж
ǻƴĽȫûҪ飬һܹ
ԺôʱǲѴѩˣܰѩꣿ˵ҶԻһСʱȥɨأ˵©ݣ
ƴƿԣĽٽ
Уƴ֮ǰھְ˱¼ЩѰҵô죿ҵô죿һһСһһ٣˭ȥƴ
ƴԭ֪飬æ׷Ľࡣ֮ӦҲԼÿµǮǣĽǮ
ĽЦˡ
Ǯġ˵ҲҪ˶
ǮʹˣͲҪܵǮôʱӻˣϱ㲻ø񣿵ʱӣøӴ漸㻨Ǯ
ƴ⻹ǵһμƴǮˡ
ĽֻЦЦ
ĶԽ࣬Խġ
ǻǮİ
һж׵Ľڵ۶˲Сһ׺ͷԼţĽͻƴｻ˵֮ҪƴúչԼĻһһ·˻վ
Ľ׼Ʊվʱ򣬲ԶһЪ˹ĺС
Ľ࣬վס
Ľѭ˹ȥͼһֱس˹
һ׺ͷĽǮȻҪΪĽ¶
Ͼ⻹ǹ֮ĵһ飬֪ҪƯ
һ׺ͷһۣͼ๴һЦɴԼеĶȻǰֱӳųһֻ֡
ʯ͹һܣ˵Ҫ֮Ļû֮ǰķŭšһϣһ϶ûлڴȥܾ͹ԼĽйء				

423Ϲ־ֳ

Ϲ־ֳ
ǣʯһȥĺԺվĺԺһϣȴûһ˳
ΪĽԲҺԼ棬ĸˣû뵽ûĽǰѸڵھ˳
ھӸĽһϾˣ˵Ҫϼʲôģżææϵ˻վΪĽ̫࣬żгʱݺݵˤһ£ϥǶǺ׵ġ
ҵ֮ʯȻĽ߳һİŮˣԷԼһֻ֣ȻԼ޿ɱܵײȥһתѾ˷˫֣˵ϡ
ſңſҡ
Ľ߹ȥЩȡ
ʯ죿̣ô㰡ңô
ǰʱǻúõô
ģĽĺ档
Ͼ˸֮Ѿѹ˼Ժ
˼ҵЩ㹻Ǽβͺúˡ
ʯ첻Ľֵ࣬Ҫ˷ſ
㣬ſɣ
һøѣΪǡ
ͷſʯ죬ֹȥԼиոŵĶվλӣֻҪһţǰʯֱӵɳȥ
Ľ࣬ҲҪٺġΪҾͻмô
ҲҪҸм㰡ֻҪԶԶĹС
ʯ죺
ɫ΢΢Ťһ¡
أ
ҹ͸
ȻȥָЩ˵ɱ˵ҸûйϵǰҸˡ
ĽЦ
α֤Ҫġ
Ҳʲôα֤α֤ģֻ֪ͲҸĻǼҾҪɢˡУҪȥ衣ҶѾʹˣ˼˵ҽľҪˣȻͲһҽ
ô죿ԲأҲҪȥһҽң˵Ͳ磬ҪɢˡɢɢʲôϵңͲ׷ǵĴѾǿ˹ϣ㾿ʲô
Ľ˵껰Աߵķͷ
㣬һλٳʲô۶ӵĻҪ鷳ˣ
Цһͷ
ԼʰŮˣֱɱţСһ
ʯĽ಻ԼǰߣŭˣٴγĽ˹ȥɶԷոİסԼǸŮ˾Ǳ۾һֱӰѽ̧ϼһųŶԷ˹ȥ
ʯƺһزԼݺݵˤڵϵоԼĶ۵ģԼסĽ࣬۾һתɿسԼĴȺޡ
ˣɱˣˣɱˣ
ۿĵǳΧ˹ʯɿָǰĽࡣ
סߣסˣߡ
ĽŵǸŮܹסԼѲܹסԼ
ʮ֮Ľʯһ˱˸Ļվĳ˾칫ҡ
˵˵ô¶
Ľ಻
λ壬Ҳ֪Ů˭ողҪĹסңҽһѣƿˡǣҪߣȻʼڵ˵ǴˣɱˣҪסǡ
ȻĽʯĲͬ
һǴ£˵ȴֱʵĽ࣬һ˺۱鲼ͬøһŮˣƽѾб
ԣĽĽ֮ɷѯʲôϵ˷ʲô飬Ľൽ״ûУû֤
һʻʯЩ±ƣǸĵذĽߵϿʼѻֻϧ˵һѻҪѻԲѣ˵˵ž©ڶ
˵̣ʮ꣬Сͬ־ѾʮˡôŮ
չˣСͬ־գ壿
֮䷢ʲôִᶯִ㣿
ģСͬ־ģִܶù㣿
˵Сͬ־Ҫλͬ־㣬Ķˣ

ʯԭǹĽ˲ͣ⣬Ҳˡ
ҲˣҶˣǾȻң֪˭ô־ֳʶĻ㰴ҵķŮ˸¡˾˵֮Ҳһ֪Ҫôźá
ĽԱߺȻЦˡ
λͬ־е绰ɣ
еģеġ
ܲҴ绰
԰
Ľȴ绰С칫ҵĵ绰ʵ˹칫ҵĵ绰롣
үүĽࡣ
ĽΪԼˣû뵽Ľһ
Һھ֣ҪôϾ˿ɿڿ˼ҷźݻ˵ֵľֳв˼Ұ¶أҾҵר⻹дĲ࣬˵Ϊҵר⻹Ūʲôģ
ʵտʼ˵ȷ£ĵȫǺ졣				

424ºǺ

ԭĽ໹ΪһΪĺˣǸеģģͼ˼ĺˣɴԸŹԸԼǰ;ԿɼԼǰ;δӡ
ΪԸǮҲҪŪŮ˶ӵִӰԼӣĽƶ˹鲻ΪӻΪӣʯﵷҡ
Ȼ仰֮ϿҪԱߵľԱǽӵ绰
Ľѵ绰ݸԱ߸񾯡
Ҳ֪Ǳ˵ʲôҶϵ绰ֱҪĽǸϿϻȥߵ˽ӹˡ
Ľʯ컹ڲֱ֣ͣתͷߡ
ûʱš
ϻ֮ǰĽȻı⡣
㣬Ҫһ߰ɣȹһص۶һ
߰鲻Ҫ࣬ĽзڵĻԼҪһ
Ȼ֮ãæȥƱʱ䵽ˣźĽһϳ
ʱĻ𳵹ܵĲϸĽ༸𳵶Ҫֵעڰȫϣ˷ڣԷĵط鱾ϸĿ鱾ṩ⡣
ûҪڨĽģɼԡҪϰԡΪɸˡ
ĽԷ⣬Ҳܷġ
վĳСǶԷȴ˻ɺ͵⡣
Ľ࣬Ů˭һˣ
ŶǽˣǷ㣬֮ǰڵ۶ʱҰ˷һæҪ¶Ժһˣ
Ľ˵֮󣬡ġѯʷûסĵط
࿴ųĽ࣬Ц˻ҡҡͷ
ûСȻͷܲȥ￪һ䷿ӡ
㣬õġǼжķݣȥǼסɣһܵܣĿɺˣ
Ľࡰ롣
һֱԼֶŮǸʲô˵ĳСȥ˷ͽţЦȥ
סĵطǹ˼ңʰļ򵥸ɾװʲôҲո££Щ۶˼ҿá
໷һܣ֪ΪʲôĽ࿴ĺԺûʲôӳˡ
ϾĺԺȻǹɫûɺװʲôһȣҲûö١
䣬죬ȴůڵģص޲⣬һûܣҪģû̿ζ
ܺӾô¶ûʳ
СѾӣΪ̫Եʣһֱס
СԼչ˺ӣҲҪҲڣԸɴϱøϱæչˣԼǮҲƱ
ʱѾʮһ£æŸϰľʱ䣬Сˣûϱɩӣֻ˵ԼŮǮͶҪǺúøϰʱ򿼸ѧУ
ѧһϡɩȻ̫Ǯˣ뵽ʱ÷иѧУù˵һǼңźչ˵Сյʱ򣬻ֵܼ˵ķóСһ
СذеȫƵĽϣԵǹɩڿĽʱ򣬸磬ûҪǮģҪǮһ
ĽĿһԼ˾ˣ˾˵Ľ֮׹
ԼĶ˰죬һС˹ȥ
ţҴӵ۶֪Һж󣬵ɽԷҲսģӦÿʹá
ȻмæǺҡͷܾΣո˵ûҪĽĶֻǸмĽԼṩĹᡣ
ȻĽԼ
ҲҪЩҲǡ
ɩӣŰɣƣĽûôණüأ
С§һĽԱӵĴİͼʽһʱЦˣ֪ԼֶŮϲɶ
զؿǰСһ溰һҵ֮󣬸м֮󣬳˷䣬ȥĽ׼ˡ
һˣ֪Ľ˼Ҫ˵ԱʾԼסųԸɷҲȥæˡ
ĽѶһ£͸λ˾˵ƤЬ˳ǻϴСãص˵ͷ
Ľ࣬㻹û˵;ôˣ
ǰǰβǾǹȥôôˣ
⻹ҪôĽ໹ȥЩ˵ʲô
СãȻؿԼ硣
˵ʲô
Ȼǡ˵˹Ѿû¶˰Ľ࣬ôùҪҪأҳ飬᲻ţ
С°ͣԴ׵ĶĽࡣ
Ľ̲ס˸ۣԼҪ͸Сպͺӵһ˷䡣
󣬳СЩŭĳСļεҡҡͷ
ҪôĻҿ԰㡣
СԼܵĻһæҡҡͷЦ
ˣǺǣ				

425»

ĽԼǰ׼õĶ˵Сա
裬ⶫ඼Ǹ׼ģиӴ£һ˫СƤѥһëʯͷ̫ˣҾû׼ʱȱʱʱС
µСѾɻǶĽĺЩܳ
ԱһԼڼӣӾ˸һ
ɩӶ˵֮ǰĳСã񿴿ֻܸãܸˡ
ŻԵģ̫ˣר˰æ
ֻǣϺõ·úܲζ
żҸĸڣȻûڵʸ
ڵļô
ô֪
Сվ㵵ؿĽ࣬ǰСֱһԼʲôû˵ô֪Լʲô
ԼúˣԼҵ͵ܵܣ
Сԥһ£ͷ
ô죬һ뵽͵֪ܵڼôôܲܣ
ƫƫСԼ׵ﶼûˣذе˼ԼͺϣҪԼɴɩⲻֵˡ
裬Ҫǵһ޸˾ˡ˾ˣһˣһġҵ飬飬ֲġ
ͺ񳣼ʲô飬Ѿ˼ҵǣҲҪȥæô
Сһ£ûŪĽʲô˼ͼŮѾ뿪˷䡣
С㷲ĽԼ
ΪĽܸ԰ͽᣬֻǾĽ̫ãԼΪһ仰ƻ֡
СձźתȦȦڳԷʱúøĽǸû뵽ԷʱûĽˣһ֪֮Ľȥռˡ
ռ˶ĽĹʾһӭǣմȥһӲˣ˳°ˣΧھҲæӸǱĽĴȲ֣һŽ£һҪǡ
ĸоĽ̰ҲֻʱģҵʱվҪֿ
Ľడ㲮ƽʱŪ˿УøŪôصĶ
⸻Ľһ̣Ǽ޴룬ҪĽ࣬ǱĽסˡ
ⲮŰɣߵڲͨأ
⸻ǲҽӣֶ֮ǰڰٻ̵أ
ǹĺܣ
մ󺣲֪ǮԼҲ˺ü⸻ļҪ¡
ǺТģͺúţﻹСߣȵ
ĽҲǸ͵ллԼչүүӡ
ݶǺһЦĽԼëźãؼһˣѾһϺõĻƤ
ҿ˶Щզ࣬ݶﵱôⶫġ
ݶһЦ
ܡ˵մ嶬ȽžͲáҶ㣬ôһ黢Ƥ·ɱůغأ
Ľ֮ҲЦ
һΣӿǳѪˣ
ݶĽһۣŭһĽĸ첲
Ϊֻռ˵ô߻Ĳӣմú÷졣
ӵġ¹ķˮģæʱݶҲֻֻһЩõмģ˴ϣԽԽ
ˣԼⶫҸĶôõóְ
Ҳܰ׵öô꣬ĽǼѾһʲٵǮԵлһ£˵ĽһλǸԼҲһëٻ̵һٿɣ
ǴǮ
˵ҲôСˡ
Ѿ׼õĶæʤлؼȢ
ʤеһľߣϲ̵Ļȥȡ
Ľһ׶װǺƯĶװӵĳȹȹڣеȹζһɫĽСްе۵ĸоӻۣ̿ڻµ˱߶
Ľһ۾ϲˣ۾һתЦˡ
·ݶƵģ
ݶһ֣Цˡ
ɲôݶԽԽæˡǰ컹˵ʲô֮ͲӰߵʱͼֽ˵ҪǺúøһףǰף㿼ѧУ˵㿴·ʱ֪ƵģȻ
Ľ䴽ǣԼݶ㿴Ǽ־ɲǰ׿ģԼ֮ǰЩƵļ⣬עҪȱǰ֪δķչ
ҶϲСװӣ̴ѧϰ·ϣǿȹڣƫƫϲŷĶ
ǰÿ궼ҪƼΪ˱ģֻϲ˶ѡ
˵˵ЦЦĽ°ҲˣֵһԷһҹ
ֻˣ˯֮ǰĽ౻մ󺣽˳				

426¹


үүôˣ
ʵ˵ĽúЪЪЩˣҪٸ¶ˡ
մЩΪѡ
Ľ࣬һֱסǼҲǸ¶ְֻסɣ
үүǲǷʲô¶ˣ
մſҪͣɿĽǳֿȴ֪ԼҪοˣֻܿЦһҡҡͷ
û£û¶
Ľ಻ţԵڶȥ˳СѯСҲ˵ҪĽúøϰⲻ飬ҪССĽࡣ
СԼϱס˵һͨҪȥԼ˼תһȦ뵽˵СϷȥ˯ŵ飬̲סЦˡ
㲻˵Ľôڼ棬Լȥʡ
СһֻĽ೯ʲôʱ
ڰذԼ˵Ľ˵һ顣
Ǹڼһסô˵˵֣˵ǣ˵ǽʹһѸˣ
ʲô
ĽĿ࣬Ȼ
ֲմ֧֧ᣬֲóСǱ졣
ǹѸܺÿͦõģǻˣ
ĲˣȻΪߣߵҲȻûʲôʱǾԼȱ˶Ҫǿһˣô죿ǸһѸһȣ
Ҳ
֮ǰСŭشӼʱһ죬ôʵ飬һãô˼ʣ
ǳô˵
νĳˣָǳ˳ǡ
˼ǣ㣬ǴŴ˵ĶǸѸ⹴
顣ֵ÷зġ
ǸѸʲôҪ󣿡
С͵͵Ľһۡ
ҪȢȻȥָĲ
ĽЦˡ
Цˣ
Ĳɵ˰ɣ
Ĳ˵ģǸŮιĶΪԼ棬Ҳ顣
ǸŮҪǮ
˵Ҫ
Ȼ󣿡
ֻ˵ǽˣǽĹҲ˵Ļ͵ڳſڡҲ֪ЩˣҾͲ֪ˡҲ˵ڼӣҪ
ţ˾ǼȻҪ֪͵û߹ҡ
Сոмص˵ͷ
ҲΪԼֲ֮졣
Ľ಻ҪͽȥǷȥ֮ûǴ֪һ
˰ͲĽ಻֪أԸĽ˵Щ
ǲ˵˲˵
Ľӹ˼һؼҵʱ򣬾ͷԼſվһİŮ˵ʲô߻վһƼݵС
һתۿĽԱߣæĽʹɫҪĽԶԶġ
û뵽Ľ߻ûзӵ˼ǱߵŮ˾ѾתͷĽ࿴˹
ĽŲһ٣Ժеʯز³˶ԷݣҪ뿪ͼǸŮѾЦеس˹
Ľɣ
Ľͷµİ˴һ顣
˭
ǸѸ
Ŷ⹫һԭҪүүúĵġܲɣүүûڼңǿϧˡ
ŮΪź˵꣬һԼԱݵŮ
ѣ㻹Ÿн㣿
СؿһĽ࣬ǿ񻹴ĽϵƯ·Ųŵһ棬̿ˮĸо
á
֮ǰ˵˵֮ǾͿԹϺӡ
ֺӣǸһÿ·ԺóԵĶô
ĽЦЦ
Ǻá⹫ƺͦԶģôİ˵ҵҲôҵģ
⹫ôԶǳҴôĽڸҿʲôЦ
Ҵ壿Ŷ˵ӦҶҰɣ˵ҶͶڳҴסҲ֪ôˣ
㲻ǡ
ţֱԭأ֮ǰԼڳҴĽأ˵ĽгϢǼС湤Ľܵġ
ӴԭţҪĽͶﰡĽɲУѾûϵˡҿǲȥԺʱĻմ塣
һ߸Ľ࿪ѣһ߰Ľơ
Ľٲ֪ǰŮ˭ͼˣ
ǸѸɣ
ӵǸ
ǺЦˣ
ҪĽҲû˳ˮ۵ذ˳ȥ
ɵڳæһϳͼմ󺣴͹Сߣ󻹸ţǸСŮ				

427¹Ѹ

Ѹ
Ľ˶٣㵵ĿŶԷ
үүȻˣ
үүǡ
Ŷţӣ˵顣æùǡ
Ľ߷Ѿˣζһشӳ̲ܳסʼҺ
͹ڰһӣֱӴܽ˳ߴߴظĽ˵ŽѧУ飬ŶӶ
һֱǣţֵС۰Ͱ͵ĿųǱߣ޿ĸĸ˵ԼҲˣҪԷ
ţԭҪմһӡ󣬿û뵽ԼŮҪæŮͣմ
Ǹ
ʲôǸӶҪԶġãǷˣ˷߰ɣ
մһʵˣʵԷʱϵ飬ôԸ⣬űҲҪ̡
ˣĽ൱ȻᲵմ󺣵ӣҲ̾Ϣ
ʲôѣ
Ǻ³ԸԺ˵Ҫߣϲˡ
ȷţԭܳһ⣬еˮ͹ˣȱٴʱѾʴˡ
ɵԵĽĲˣžǰԵ⣬ֱʳ
ĽĲ˺óǺóԣɾǷⲻ࣬
㡣
һֲ֮źۼؿһĽԱ˹˹ĳԷС˵һǱ˼ҵĺӣռıԼҺĶá
ԺԼ˼ңҲʲôðɣ
ߵŮûô࣬ڴڵذǰķˣһûԹĶ
ٳԵ
ţתͷͼŮ̻ʵģɫһҪŭ⣬ɻŬ΢ЦŮͷһ
Ů˶¶һЦݡ
մ壬Ҹոպ˵飬ǵôˣ
ոճ극ţסҪʰӵĽ࣬
Ҫ˶࣬ú˵˵
մɫʱ˱䡣
֧㡣
ţϲɫһΪ
˵ģĿԼ޽ռңĿģԺҼ޽ĻʲôҶ첹ϴ֡
Ǻȥ˾Եһ޲ðԼΪȫѡ֣Լ̭ˡ
˵֧֣֧ȥָѣʹΪԼһΪӦеĵĴۻ߳ͷ
˵ţ˵Ľһ
ԼүүʲôʱĲôݹˣ
ţЩż
壬Ҫ
ȻģһĶӣ˻û˺áģֻҪԸȥȥ֤и̣ʲôģ
ĽԱ̲סЦˡ
ԼүүҲ̫ˣ
Ĳô
̽Ĵӣĺչ
ţҲˣɲô˵ôػصظմòֱֻӵıʾԼѾմ˼֮ףȢԼ
մ󺣻ôһ仰
飬˵ûáȻմ˵Ȼ͹ͬ־˵ѡ񡣡
ѡ񣬶ţܹܵġ
ԣ־ȴˡ
үүĲܶˣ
ĽСеú˳ڣҲӦþ
ܣҹܵסôúõһңҪֳ⸱ӣ˵˵һôܣ
ҾǸţһô׾ͷˡ
ڰȻһ⣬ôܽץס
Ҳ޹ءĽ࣬ҪˣүүʲôҪܣúѧϰһеһжүүأ㲻Ҫġ
ΪĽģմ󺣻ĽĶȫᵽ˹˼ңĽʱڹ˼
Ľ׼˵ĺ⣬Ҳûоܾ
ܿ죬⧲ת䣬˾°ͣһΣҪ֪ˡ
ȴԭţúÿ֮һ˺ͺģʵҲֻ˳¶һʵ̫ˡ˱˼
ãĲͳĲòҸ߸ݵģһܻˡ棬£·Ҳһȥͼ
ĲѳСĹڵ֮ڴ棬˳һ˵ĻԱǣţ;ݵعȥѯһЩ⣬ŪһԼԭϲѧϰΪͥϵòԼģ
Ĳԭһʦһʦ˵Īһϲѧϰѧ仹һòģóԼֵ޹СŮѧ
ǣĲʼϵظţСд֣ԼѧУʦʱЩûӣÿһĽľʱĲ;Լ·ֻص˵ꡣ
Ǹ˶ͷԼĵꡣ
ʱԼûʵû缦				

428û

Ĳһ£ȷѸʲô˾ƣҺ˲٣־壬ټԱĸ̵ס
˳ˮۣư͵ؾͳ˺¶
ȵڶһѹԼĵίؿ޿رʾĲ𣬿ɻﻰ˼Ϊ벻Ҫɱ
ĲڼԼһҪĹˣԼûǾͰƤ߸ԼΰŮˣ
ҲܣҲڼ游ĸţֻҪźźϹУĲ¶ĻСӹ൱ġ
û뵽Լ˻ȻһʱͱŪɵˡֱ㶵ҵĸװ˵ˣɳ˳ŭؾҪȥĲΪԼŮ
Լһ׶ģһŻæס׵ĸ첲뵽Ĳ֮ǰԼ˵˾ƣϰˮȫõţϣ˵ţĲ
ʵҲûԩţţ
ĲԼ˼Ҳư͵ԼɣһҧˣĲ۸Լ
ҪţֲҪ˸ϳҴ壬ţȴҲʼžĲ۸ԼĲȢԼĻҲˣһȥ
֮ǰһȥ״Ĳơ
ﻢ¡
ţʵһϹţҲһġ
һôһСĲţҪĲȥ
Ĳԭţһƭӣԭ˵úúõģҪԼģȴһҧԼ۸
ţί
մ磬ġҲĻžҪڼҴҡһӣ޹ذմ磬㣬ȾҺòã㡣
Ӣѹ˹أţ֮ˣͨһֱӹ£۾Ͱ͵ǾһؿĲĲһ֮˭Ĵ
ţʾ齻ȥΪ˲ţǮȥԵõġ
ţǮ˻еĲôƭ֮Ͽʼ
ĲסڳңɼռҸײ̫סڳңȻԳˬ֮ǰ˲ٹĽ飬ռһŮһкռұȻҪһĽһܸɵŮϰŮ˹ȥ
һԭҲǶ̫СɿضȲߡ
˭֪ĽͲ֣մ󺣿ͱȽϴ󣬿Ҳʵϣ˶ˣĲǮˣմȴûɿڡ
ţż
ǣԼźԼһϱİϷ
ǱߣĲȥͳ飬ϾӲûл֮Ĳһܡ
Ĳóֱ˼顣
֮ǰôŮˣôɫ
ţѾôˣǰæһôˣ
ôˣǸŮ˯ˣ㻹Ҫô
ҶѾ͹ٱˣҺֻһ⣬ֻһѣѵô
ȷѾ˹ϵҪôҺأҺأ
㣬ֱ
Ҳ˭˵ҪҰô͸ôԼҲԼ㻹ǼסţҵйҼңʲôʲôסҼҼֵҶȥҴɩ񻹺Ҳ˵ĵֱܸ׸ĵü㻹Ҫô
ĲԭһߵģΪǵģЩˣ֮ǰø߸ߵģʱЩ˵ȻҲס
һжҵĴҾԸɷģΪҾǱһС
Ĳֿʼż
ǵģҲǸ˼ֻǣֻסҸĸңżģģӦٸĸʲô鷳
鷳㸸ĸ鷳

ܵʱ򣬴˵ô˼
Ե˵Ƿ֮൱ֱӴĲĶ⣬ӵڽ²ȣĲôܺƤסȥ
ԣڳһ֮˵ʰ뿪˳Ҵ壬ռҡ
˳ǻؼҼ޿ŮһϸһʣԭʱʱּŭģֱӽҽԺ				

429Ҫ

ռ˻ǳ˶ôϣĽ飬ϧĽͳСǼסһȻܿռ߰飬ǽӵסԺϢһϸʣ𽥸ˮ档
ЩЦã⻹ǣ˾ϲǵĻӦúе˵ǡ硱
Ľ࣬СǶ˵鲻ҪܡѾǴĺӣҪôࡣ
СմҽԺ֮Ľࡣ
ĽȴԼѲϵԼһܹиɴس֡
µ˿ͷȴûвµβû뵽Ȼô졣
һεϴһһһεΪ˱ȶͬԼԹװһĲˣء
ҼСҲǲТ˳ˣ֮ǰĸ̫ƫģĸڲ㲵ģһɵַչˡ
ͳ˳Ҳѵ飬ͬǶ˵Ķƣ겻ѡ
ڣֵСչ˵ʱ֮ģ˵Լû¶ҪСؼչϱӡ
ɩҪչˡΪɩרɩ˹չˣɩӴɨˣ
Сԭ˼ҪﲻҪģû뵽˷Ч
üͷ
˼Ҽѵû¶ɩӴӣ
ֻҪǮͺˣֻҪ
Сûʶô¶תͷãȻؿŲקԼ첲ҪԼ˵ĳСһͷˮ
磬㳶Ҹⲻôѵ˵ˣ
СŬһĨЦݡ
ûû˵
˵ԼǮ鲻Ҫ֪ô˵˵֮޾鷳ô
ȻüͷݵĶųС
׬Ǯﲻ֪ôܽأڼû¶ôԶأ˼Ҳһˣչ˵Ҳģô֪˵ʱû͵͵һԼңô֪᲻͵üĶ
Сһߵظĸ׽ͣǲҪСȥߣóȥչ˵Сպͺӡ
СٷͿʼ߶Լ껳źӻҪµظɻ˵ںӶѾˣС̫֮ĻϱĳС
ĳСѾ뿪͵͵ؼұˡ
Сյ£֪ýڼʲôλӣȻҴýչԼҲĨԼɩ뿪ǵȳСǮǸ֮󣬲ŸҪչʵ
СοЦɳվǳСĽ㣬˵ʲôֻͷ˷ͽӡ
Ľڹ˼ңȻ֪顣
СĽռȥסĽܾˡ
˵ȥȽ鷳Ҳ˵ˣҶѾؼˣ»ռҲǼɹԣزؼʲô𣿡
ӵϢĳڶ͵˹˼ҡ
ɫ㲣һȦһ۾ͨ죬ήҡ
ĳС飿
յ䣬źǶ˲ǵˮƫƫ޶ԵʵСҪԵģ˵ԼϻûгԷ
ûԷԼǶǸİɣ
Ľԭ渴ϰסԼ꣬š
Ľ࣬ô
ҹķӣҹ͡Ϊʲôסң֮ǰҲûиңҪ˰ĻˮѵѻжķǻҪҽҲ࣬Ǯɣ
ŵؿĽࡣ
ˣǮôȥ˵֮ǰǻסô
ǸӲסﰡסԼݼ氡ôеĻҲȥסġ
˵ռҲԼȥסռңתͷһ룬ԼĲأҧҧ꣬˵ǮԼˡ
СһΪѵؿĽ࣬ȴĽЦеس۾
ѽǼҺɫԣò˰ɣ
СջûзӦͼĽѾѺӱ˹ȥһ˳
ȻǹչģѺչ˺ãҪޣ˴ѧϰĻһǶϳȥġ
˵꣬Ľͽ˷䡣
ŵؿŵСա
Ӳܿޣ
˭ҺӲ޵ģʱĺӣǳɤӺôĽԼû첻֪СʱĿ޵ġ
Сεصͷ
ǰ֮ǰɩڵʱ򣬵ȷûúӿ޹ҲܴĽѧϰ֮ǰѾ˵õġ
ɫѿر˺ȥ򲼣ʺҪŪˮϴƨɣòŪ˻Ҫι֮Ҫϴ֮Ķ
æ꺢ӵ飬˳Էʱ䣬ɵСιӣֻԼ˵治̫óԣСֻڣûʳֲ˵ýĴֻ˵Լ岻ٳԵ
ίƫƫԼãû취˵ȥҽԺ̫̫̽ʱ⻰˵˳				

430µ

ң
ײ̫ûֱ˵ҲҪźϱ飬ֻ˵ڵϱԼˣºֻ֮Ҫڼţ鶼ˡ
֪ԼŮϸһ룬ŭˣȳСؼҳԷ֮ͷİѳСһͨ
СԼҲһӵĻϱɩչ˵ͦõģÿ¸Цְ֣˭˶ϡϱɣԼҲֵڡ
ԼոջؼһƣϱƬʺȫŲϴԹҲڳšʱѯϱչ˵ôϱ˵ܲ²
극ԭҽԺģ·ϷԼǸֹ˻ȥŷϱĽӣԼԡŭһʣϱֻæرʾԼԲ߳ķˡ
һ·ϣСţ¸ǮҲô뿪û뵽ҽԺԼ
һ״
䣬Լϱû˵һ䲻ĻڳԼУСվԼжӣɾǣҪڼС㡣
Сɫࡣ
ѾּˣСո˺ӣҪôô֮ǰɩӾģԼĻ뿪ҶƲӵʱ˶ǡ
СԱţֱġ
Լ֮ǰ˵˻ǲǾͲᷢ飿
Ǹлú˵лú˵
ú˵ҵҪú˵ֻڴ˵֮󣬵˵Ļᶼ˵ϱһɩҪģΪչͺӣҲΪ˸ҼѹҪˣʱ䱦úܡ˵ǵһĸչˣ˺
Ҫæչ˰
ôչʹæô鷳
Сؿڣֱӱ˱顣
˵Լ£鷳ˣ
˼˵̫ƫģԹǣ
ҵ˼ʹ㲻ҪǵСյĴУ˵Լչ˺Ӵûв룬ǴĴΪûչǣ;ǲչԼϱӺɷչϱչ˺쾭壬ʲôʸ˼ˣӵ
绹ҪȻȥˡɩ˵ҿ˼Ҵк
СͷҲصˡ
͵С
СһͷǸҲԼ˸ڿ
ֺۿԼ顣
ĲҪ״ģֻǾõС̫ݣõ̫ܵΪѣû뵽˼СһģԼһˣԼ׵ܹ䣬
ܡ
ܵǳˣͲˡ
ͬüͷ壬ӺԽԽˣ֮ǰһڵģ;ӻһϱ⻰˵ĹȻ
תͷԱһֱˮ̴ɷ
ͷӣô룿
˳Ŀһۡ
Ӻ翪ʼңҾѾˡ
ԭϵĳңʲôӣֻҪ飬ͺ޲õͷߡ
ɫһ䡣
Թңüӵģͷӣ㲻Ҫˡ
Ļû˵꣬ͼ˳ڡһŭض
ǣûҲԶˡҲˣû˺ǣԺҪô죿
Щ˻ЩԺԼѾͺ˵ǣԺ֮˭ǣ
ָô
Ժ󿿵סôЩ˻뿪Ҫô
ĳ˳ˮ̴뿪˲æ׷ȥǸ
ȥɣȥռƣǾҪôġ
۾һڳ˳Ҫߵʱǲǽס˳˳ҪҪΪĲ
һˣǱƵġ
ƶŮ˳ԼӸˡ
ռ֮ǰǹŮռ͵ѣռש߷´£Ժ洫Ʈζǰ滹ʣ滹кǵЦԼմʮĽ
Ȼŵûˡ
ռҵʱ򣬺ֱ׳һԼʲôʸ
ɣմҪȥףųͼ˳˳֮ӭˡ
Ѿ˶µͣȻǳ֮ǰĽֲ죬Ҳ֪ﵱ飬ԶԳҷȻؽ⹫
մҲûǿӻȥдҵԼԱù赹ˮظ˳ⲻǡ
⺢ӱҽ̻ˣԺúýġ
Ҳ֪ǿ׻Ͼ˵Ľ飬մҲߡ
˳Ȼܲӵ·ʽɲò˵Ҫһ·ߵڡ
׼ҹһҪú̸̸Ĳô				

431


մ󺣱ʵһͷˮ
ʲôô
˳ΪմڿЦԼװɵ㶣ԹڳҴ巢һжմ󺣣մ󺣱޿ɱܡ
մ󺣹Ȼһס۾ų˳̾Ϣһ
ǸСǹܲסˡ㳣ҰôҶ˵
մĶĲˣĺǰԼƫƫƫ̫
ɳ˳ΪմƤ򣬾¿ˮ̡
ŭ塣
մ󺣣ΪҾû취ôˣǶҪˣ˭͵ķ˭˶ȢϱǮŮ˼ױ˭
˳˵һ䣬մ󺣵ɫѿһ֣һֱ˵մѾɫ
үү
ſڣȻһ
մתͷȥֻĽվſڣɰ׵ֺ˪
үү˵Ĳԣ֮ǰǹүү˶ҺүүҲܸмΪ֮ǰΪ˳飬Ѿû˶顣С˾ҵĹС˾˲ùΣжһ˫̥Լ˾˺ľ˾˽ʱүү͵ֻи࣬ûи١
ο׼ң˵̫ᱻ˵׽үүһֱԸ˵飬˺үүִĻǲú㡣Уүүո˵ĳôôҲϷԡǰҶһֱסڳҵʱ򣬾Ѿүү˼ҡ֮ǰһţİǼңүүҲܿ϶ıʾҪȥĻ֧֡
˳û뵽մ󺣾Ȼ뷨
ǿ׶ӣ
ҳ˳ҲĽΣΪûҪ
ų˳ɫѿüĽЦһ
ʵĺܺ档үүͳ̷˰Լ
񼸸ӱƵڵĵزΪʲôʱôǻ˳Ժ󻤵ô˵Ҷ಻ģҶͿˣλӻĻú˱ֵ롣
ðˡ
մ󺣾ɥǿһĨЦĳ˳ֱ
ϸ磬ȻһˮƽĻİɣ
ƫģֺγƫСŮƫϴ󣿿ϴСŮıʧ͸Ľ࣬˵Ͳˡ
ǶӣǰּĹİжϱ·Ьӵģ϶ŪɽҰӣȫҵĶ룬ˡ
Ĵܸġ
˳ŭˣͷɥˡ
ռöãԱһףԼѾߵ˲·ϡ
ԽԽԶܹݵͷô
صҽԺ֮˼ĳ˳ŮԼϱ˵Լ뷨
ʲô飿Ҳͬ⡣
ܼҡ
˵һһ׮顣ҲġҲû취飬Ĳ˾ˣҲǵһΣ˵һξеڶΣ룬˰ɡ
ˣǻܸŮҸ˼ҡ
ϱӣŮӣ˳ʹ
ݺһԼ˵ĸ첲
˲ɣǲвô뷨ĶиĸŮģ
˳Ī֮Ƿꡣ
Ϊ밡Ĳӳһȥ֮󣬸ûȥռңΪҪŮ鰡ûȥռңҲûڳңûйûѣΪ
׻塣
ҲţҲš
˳һûסŮѾҽԺ
һֱ嵽ռңûˣҴߣȥңֱӵ˴Ӿͷţ
ȻŰ嶼洫ţĲ˵
ŭյÿ˷ţֱӸţһơ
ĲŭĳּԱգˮͰԼţһӢֱͷ
ŭָųҪԼһ
ҲҪһ㻹ҪҸһðȸң⼸첻ؼңŮ˸
Ҹ˵ܹܵôҾ㣬ϸҹȥңҿԲ׷ȻĻ
ȻĻҪô
飡Ҫ飡
ţԱ۾ð⣬ϻʧɫسĲ˹ȥס˶Էĸ첲
մ磬֪ң֪㵣ҡûҪΪҺɩͻһ˵ʲô飿ǲҪòãȻ֪֪ͳϵͣɲ֪ĻΪΪҡҺεºܰ˵ĸ׻
峤
һ仰ɾҩ
Ĳ˻֮;ãţĳ˻˰Ѵϡ
СģҲó˶ġ				

432˲

˲
˿ĿŮһһ
ڳţһ仰֮ĹϵĲǸΪţʲôܲ˵ҪԼĻͷˡ
û취ĲôϾԼˣԾֻܶţ֡
ɹؼĲţţ֣󲿷ְĲϡ
Ĳھ˳޹֮󣬹ϵضԳ֡
Χ۵˿æܣɳѾĲһŸ˵ϡ
СǴ˸ϵʱ򣬿ľŶڵؿĳ
عȥĲһ١
ƫƫۿܵܵĶֱŹȥԼ廤סĲ
ôǵĽô֣ܶ
˵֮żæŵȥĲ
Ĳû°ɣԲ𣬶Բ𣬶Ҳãҡ
ҼֵվԱ߿һĻֱҪҪġ
ǾΪ˭ԷһϹæû뵽ȴ˵˻ˣǺ޹
ΪҴ֮ǰȥһռңմ󺣵Ļʲô飬ĽƣĽҲڡ
ǰĲƵһĻ̲סǡ
Щˣ಻壬ֲñˡ
۾һתĿ˱ͬѿţϡ
û뵽Լʱ䶼ڸĲ˵ԼĲףĲ֮ǰ˵ĺúõأŶãѾ˸߷ˣ
մ磬û¶ɣոռֱˣ㣬մǷޣǷʲôܺú˵أҪ
ܵǶմأմ屾Ͳãǲ̫ˣ
ԭĲΪάů⣬һѣ
Сô
ǳǻĻôģոջԼ
ԺĶţ
֮ǰͳʱ򣬳˵Ļʱŭɶ;óƲԼ
Ȼ˭ҲԼĽмӣԼĽأ
ֱӴһӣŭرʾ
飬顣
ʱӦˣŵؿĲ
ΪĲոջߺ˹ԼĵܵǣĲȻΪһŮ˵ĻҪԼ飿
ҧŴתͷԼܵܣϣܹԼһѡ
ϧûҪΪ
ոǿǴԶΪģɳʲôҪǰæ̸
ԺСںͺ֮ǵǳ˰ԧİ鳣
СԼ͸ˣ
ԼѵůôϱôѵȲöô
ȻΪʲôôõļҲţôϱţôȵĶӲţҪźµķΪ
Ǹ㣬ʹúģҺȻ뵽滹飬ˡ
С壬СѧرʾҪˡ
ֻʣƺ«һϴҲϴϱˡ
Ժ棬ֻʣһĳŭȻĲԱ߲ͣȰ˵ԺΪţ
ĽĿؿһۣڳС£뿪Ժӡ
ûлȥسǣһ־ɢ֮󣬽
ţҵԺӡ
ţ̣ĴҺʹģѹϣΪֹĳԭƽļҺܲƽ׼ԣԲϣٿ㡣Щ飬þա
ţɫ˱䣬ǳһĨЦݣĽൽһ龫ˮ
Ľ࣬Ҳ֪ʲô˼
֪Կ
Ľνɻؼ֮ĵظմѾüûôú˯ˡ
⻹꣬뿪֮Ҳĵظ첻ˣΪʲôˣ˵Լĸĸ׿ܻ飬ԺһŮˣܴźסռңԼ衣

Ȼ뷨ĲͳֵأԼʲôϵ
մչˣҲչˡ
ɳôˣ軹һӣ²Ҫ󸸰ĸɵһŮˣһŮ˲ӽռңȻе״̬ѧӦ
ĽǸСˣԼˣġ
ţ֮ǰһֱ֪ĽȴûĽֱ֮һδŮȥռңĽ൲ʱڷ֣ռҵˣմ󺣣Ľࡣ
Ľడ̽մģһΪˣܹⲻȥҿòã
ǳҴˣӦ֪Ĳڴסţ̽ӵĲ
̽һүӲôԴϴλȥͣĺ˵Ҫһ档ⲻǹùǣһڽһأ
һ⣬ˣ
ܶԲүүҪ̽ҲŮԺ浽һȥ
Ϊʲô治һ𣿡
˾ܾţҲûġ
ӲҪ˵˵үүһ´˵飬СӲҪϹ͡				

433Ҿǻ

Ҿǻ
Ϲ͡
ڴմ󺣵
Ľ˲ӣ¶͹ڳմ󺣡
Ǽҵ飬Ľ˵㣬˵ǲҪ˵͸Ľ˵ɣһ⣬㻹Լ԰ɣǼҲȱ⡣
ڳǼ˸
ңǼҲŲԷأѳˣģžͷθ
ҲʾذԼ°һ
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ȥʹȥţһ֤۵Ǵġ				

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Ҫת۵㣬ԼȴԶ磬ֻܽͷԼ顣
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11ˡ
ţ
ĽҪԡ
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ƾǰһƺεˣ߹ļ
ȥɣһҹĹ˾ҪˡЩҪȥ̽ǡ
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Ȼֲ࣬Ҳ󣬵һһԣƷܱ̳ϵĻҪá
⣬Ҳ͵һ
ڼ棬²Ϥ²Ϥһͨ
ԼֻܹһܱˣһЩܱߵЭ
ƺƾ˼ĶԷļ
żңÿ˶Լĳ˶ܸһõ֯ⷽ棬ҾͲС
ƾһ£ŻЦˡ
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Щʱ˲жԡ
̫ݣʺϸ˵ķչοԼ
ʱ䣬ֻлԣƼһĿһʷأһ
½һֵַģûĽࡣ
Ľǵûзһĸ߸ߵ
ףЩ߸ӵܣ۸֮Ͳǵķ
ڵȡ
½һҲûĽʧĽȥѧУԵ·ϣһȺΧס
Сͦİ½ٶ
Ľ䴽ǣҡҡͷ
ǻŪˣûҡ
Ŷ½Լ㣿֪ôİ
Ľ۾
绹Ҫԣÿҿ֮ٺú죿
ںú⼸ҧϧǰ˿֪Ľ뷨Ϊˡ
˵½һġָ㡱ҪĽںԲܷӣʱһʧ䣬ʧ䡣
ֻϧ½һơ
ĽִԲεҡҡͷ˿һλøߵķࡣ
һСڵأȻӿڴóһѾ׼õӣһǵְ
ˣ
࣬Ӧġ
ȥȥ֣ĽȥѧУԡ
½һܺãԼѾͷһöԷۣ֪үмֻ۾
û뵽²غ̸˵صʱ򣬺Ȼ
ԶһϤӰԶ
Ľһ½һŶԷɫ̲סЦЦ
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½һȻǲʶȵֻǣĽôˣ
ô·סĽ࣬Ҫúýѵѵû뵽ôôˣ
㣬ˣ
ҪԣȻ˰
Ľս½һ۾һٱı飬䴽ǡ
ôƺ½ͬ־ܵѧУоܾȰΪʲôΪʲô뷨
½һܿĽԼǼ˸Ѫͷ
һСﶼƲסҪʲôã
ΪЩ˵飬½һû鿼ԡĽڵϿ֮ǰһȺ񾯸ϵѧУҪ½һһˣǵ顣
½һǳԾǺ¡
龹Ȼ鵽Լϣɣ
ʵԼǰݲ˵ǣԭĽ˿գٴ͵ʴףԼͽ˾֡
Ľ˱ߣ˼֡ټһԼֵûСʱ˿ԡ
Ҳῼ֮ĺԺúóһٷף˵ĽڿԽ֮æд𰸣Դ𰸣˾˽ǡ
С֮ǰ֪ڵ۶˷ӣû뵽ǣ;ȻôһĺԺ
ǴֱʡԺҲ֪Ǯ
˶Ǯ֮ҵĸٹ˼룬Ҳ⡣
Ľ˵ǧǮ֮󣬳СϺϼ
֮ǰŹ׬Ǯв٣ԺҪڵ۶ӵĻٲҪðһԺӡ
ǰһֱסڹ˼ңȻסòײԼķӣһɺ⡣
˵ֵˣס˼ĺԺҲһ¶
Լ뷨Ľ˵֮ĽҲΪС߸ߵĴָ
ϣ䣬¶˾֮˿ˮǳСԸ
񷿼ˣ뷨Ӧʱף·ҲֵġӺκ˶ԺһĺԺǵۡ
СҲӿУֻԼǮֻ֣óС
ĽէȻð죬ڰæˣӵܿ춨
СķڹͷӸûйһĺԺ󣬲һСȴȹǧǮ
ĽԼҲһ׷ӣҪǧ壬ۣǧǮ
ǸԼ򣬶Ҫֵ
ϾͻôǮǮžڱֵԺǮԽԽֵǮġһףԼסȥոҲ
ǣĽһϼƣֱĺԺ
֮Ľнһ˷ǸлߵʱĽ໹һһٿǮĺˡ
ɼһ£ʱȻ˷ѡ
СϱͺӽĽչˣԼܵܺͺһ
ĽܹµҪҲû
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ɶҲҪʱС֮ǰǴһǮûнĻٲɽյһ졣
ڣĽ˵СҪųСȥѾ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ңСǱԼи̰
ԭʼ۵ٶҲ죬ûţֻЩĶѡ
ǰĽԼϵǮ˳Сǡ
СǼֲҪĽ໹˹ȥ
ɲҸǵģҪǸǮǮģҲ׬٣ͷһС
Сһ㶣Ȼ󻺻ЦˣʹӦ
ĽԴΪڣҪСͬһҲȥ
ǿɲҪܾϾҵǮأ粻ȥǰǮŪô죿ɲǹǣֻڹԼǮѡ
С֪Ľ⣬Ҳûپܾ
֮ǰĽ໹ҵһףһ
֪һ·ʲôõĶ࣬ҩҩֹʹҩҩ
Ҫģҩ
ЩǮšǮҽģʱûҡ׬Ǯͷ˷֣ô
һ׿ĽеǮҡͷ
ϴôãûǮǮǰСǴǮգ۵ġ
һ׷ӣǧ飬һԥûо͸ˡ
ҲûиĽǮ֮󣬸Ľౣ֤ڣСһ⡣
ߵʱĽൽ׻ǲĵظŪ˼޿㣬ŷ뿪
һߣ䵭˲١
ҺãپӹСԺ浹Ҳ˻Ц
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֪ҪʲôãԿһЩÿģĶԶһݡҪĻţҪĻ͸ˡУ֮ǰ뿪ʱڹһǮҪġҪѧˣڵ۶һлǮʡšˣǵôůһú̿ʡţ֮ǰߵʱ򻹸㶨˼µ̣ǵúȡУҸ˼˫Ьӣһ˫ЬһŻǮˣٸ˵
һŬȥҪϵҵĻźͶĵҸдŵַʱתҵģ㻹д;С
Ľбļֽǧ
ǾԼÿ첻ԷֻǮİɣǧǮԼôܻôࣿ
뵽ԼָһĺԺ̲סһЦ
Ȼ˼ҸˣƺҲãɴ඼Ͷ˰ɣ
ĽùԼһݰȡ˫ЬЬӣóһ»Ľ˱顣
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Ľ˵˵ȥƴﻹǲģֻܸ˷롣
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Ľ࿴һ飬̲סЦ
ǡͲڿ˺ðɣ
˵ۡ
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СüǣԼһóԵһˣԲٹˣ档
ܿ죬һľͷŲˡ
ڣˡ
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·ϣѾѿһ顣
ڿԼ߶ˣϾӶ࣬һʱ֮·Ҳпܡ
ΪĻһЩ˷ӣһʶԼҺԼг޵˼ҡ
˼ң˼һ֮ǰԵʱԼǵ½һһ
˵ϻãϾֻΪ˳ѣЩ˷ӵĻ
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˵ֱӳ˾֣
ʱոսûжʮСʱ֮ڲʧٵ飬Ľ֮߱ȥǰ칫Ҵ˵绰ֱӴҡ
ڳԷӵĽĵ绰һ˵ʧˣæʾҪȥҡ
壬ܲܽһӣ
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У۶ʲô˼½ֱȽȨƵģ
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㻳½йأ
Ľ಻֪ǰԼ֮ǰԼĻɲ²˵һ顣
룬Ľһ
ǼҵûʲôȨƣ⽻ҡǼǸҵǲ֪ʲô֮ǰԶԶһۣҪҳ֣ҡ
Ҫæһġ
ĽסҪ˵Ļֻ˵һӣûиϤ۶͸Ҹۡ˾				

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½ңǲƽһ졣
⽻ٸ½һ߿ôûаտһָѧУ
½һ˺޵
Ǽ⽻ңԼС˵үү˵YYԼĵڶĸһǾԼʮþȵĿԣȴΪһСƣʧȥ˿Եʸ
½һֻôҸԼĸ˵
˵ĻƻᰤƤ˵ˣƴԼġ
½һ˵½ﻹ֪Լڹؼʱ̵ӣɫƤҪϳ飬ȴ½ĸֶ
㹻ûУһʱŻΣδ򼸴Σûˣԭ߸˵Ҫأ㵹ãʹˡô⺢ûʮ»̥ûһʺһ㲻ǰɣ
½⣬ԾǷϱͶӣϱ˵ĻҲֻѹŭһ˦ӡ
ĸܶڲ̵ܽĻԺ޵ʱ򡣡
½ĸҲʾ
ҹ̣ܽҵҪ̣ܽҲϰôֻ˵ҴĸܶĹôһ˵ǶӲãͺô
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ĽȻԴˣ׻
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½һʶؿԼףۿŶԷɫˣɿطϡ
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ĽҲڣѾ١
½һһΣûйϵ
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˵꣬½һ˦뿪˼ҡ
½һķ̲ȥҲ²
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½һͷ˹˰һˮ꣬ŭһӡ
УŪġ˰ɣͲֻǸܵܣӦðһ߲źá
½ö仰ֱ̤Ӹ½һһ⣬һڳī
СӣһҲ㡣
½ĸ䲻ŭ䲻ص˶һۣҲɷҴ뿪ΪӲƨɡ
½һҧҧϵĵ绰ԼЩǴ绰
ڶû¶ɣǰһ飿
ĽżæŵصѰҹڣƼֻܸ½һṩϢȵǼ˵ȻһһѰҡ
ɫԽԽˣѰҵϣԽԽãˡ
ռҹϵȽϺõļȫˣһռңѿ
ŭ
컯֮£Ȼˣ
򸸸ոմӲӻͱ˹ݲ׵ϾԹŲһҡ
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˵İĽܿüĿ
˵߼ҶСϵʱһС·ɫʽеĽ˵Ǹˡ
߼ң
ĽǾ汻ͷԼѺûոߵģʲô
Ľ߻ûͨǱϢѾ˹߹ڵ˲Ǳˣ֮ǰ˹һѣùͳеɱĸĵܵܣ˹
ܵƽʱô¶棬Լڼ棬һβ֪ʲô̼˹ڡ
Ľһ⣬Ȼ׹
ΪʲôԼ֮ǰһûмϣΪǸС¶ʱɱˡ
ʱ֮æŪǼӣæŸһСѵûʣҲֻǴӾֵķôһ䡣
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Ϊʲôרҵ˲Ǳˣǹڣ
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Ľҡҡͷ
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˹ǴˣһҲһԸռ˸ֻ˵ʲôĻǼʱ֪ͨǡ
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տ̸۵ģһǾûָ⣬һ⡣
Щ֧֪鷵磬Щȴǹҵشߣײܶҡֵòɿ
ԭĽĳ񣬲Ľܹһרⱨƶ˹ҵ߾Ȼˡ
ϻˡ
ԣҪ˵ʲô
үүҪôþҵ
ҡҡͷ飬ô˿ᶼûо飬Լô֪
ĽЦЦü򸸡
ʵ׽
ô
˵취δز֪ǹͷ񣬾ףɸ˵ڵˣȴ޼ڣûһˡ
û˭վһңһʱ࿹⡣
ҵոսʱµ˼֣Ʊػ
˵
û
ĽͷԼİóһļ򸸵˹ȥ
򸸿һĽı֮ǰĽóŸֽϱһľϲôһΣʲôڵԼ
Ľո˵Ļ򸸾ԼЩȲ
˸ӣһĿʮеذƪ¿֮Ժе˼·һ
֮ǰԼҲ۹鲻ڸи̫磬Ľ²ָЩǳĲ㣬˽취
ˡ
ͬҵЩƶȣҲϴҵľƶȣһȫȫģԽش⣬ڶԺԶӰĽ顣
һĿʮеؿ֮ϸϸذЩм䶼һ飬̾Ϣһ
Ľ࣬Ҫʲô
Ľһ㶣Ȼ󻺻Цˡ
үү˵ʲôҼȻһүүȻʲôż˲Ŷԡң֮ǰҹҲ˲¶Ҷûüġ
ڣ
֮ǰĽΪ˱ֻǰæˣοҲԼҵģĽĶ̫ˣҲ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵Լϱߵ׸裬˵Լǰһݱ棬Ͳ˵Ķ
̧ͷĽЦ̵ģЦ
˵ģһˣ ˵ллˣңлл㡣
ĽݸϷʵĳ򸸼۾
ǰҲллˣ
˶һۣЦƺһоڲС
Ľҳȥҡ
ҵĶҲͬ
үү֮ǰ˵мˣһ죬ʹ̡ŵùҵĻҰư
׻˵һһ
Ǽ涨֮ĴڣֻҪһ죬һŲͲ㸲һ졣壬ҲǴҹעĽ㡣
ھĽκõģȻĽҽ֮ǰ˲ҽҽˣûá
Ϊ˲ĽĻԣֺǺǵصͷ
ҩѬģҩҩڷ
ĽһæϣŽ
վԱ߹⿴Ŷ۵ûš
Ľ࣬βҶøл㡣æôʱ䣬Ķۡ
Ľ˵׻᲻˵				

461

³Է˵ĽִҪȥ
һˣٲȥĻĺǹƶҪַˡ
ҵ˾ĽȥϾ̫ˣСȥȫ
Ľ뿪֮ȥĽ춼ȥʲô
֣ѲɻĽͼı첻ɣ
صҡҡͷҪȥһ¡
ȥ֪ˡ
ںȥһ£Ȼŷ⡣
ңңңĽǡ
ҪΪԼҸɽô
ʵĽҪԼǿһֽҽ˭ţ
ҡҡͷ
СĻ³뷨ⷽ롣Ͼո뾩ĹŮͼҽã˭ҪȡҲ֪ͺϵ۶֮ȥô
룬ãȻҡҡͷ
ƺûС
Ͼ֮ǰԹĽȥңȥңûȥҡ
Ҫãһ۶ʱӦȥݷõģȻԵòòҲ˲õӡ󡣵ǸѾͷûС
ǽ졭
룬Ȼ뵽֮ǰǼ顣
ġ
Ȼ뵽ԼʱȳȥĽƵʱǸΰͲԼҲͷöÿμԼЦеģֲֻᡣ
˵ʱ̵ִβΪԵΪҾ㾡ȫҲĽǣĽһ仰û˵Լȥˣҵ˹͡
ɹǼֻһС¶ѣҪ
С¶ȴһС¶ŰɣҲµòβֻ֮һ֮Ȼ
֣˵ĻĽǰǵˣ֮ǰβϵҲֻǰæѣôǲ̫ˣ
֮ǰĽԹҲû
ǸСҲ֪ôôģһġССͣȴһ飬ѣͥǼͥңң㶮ô
ңң
ھ׽һ仰硣
ȹѾԭĲˣÿרעڸѾʼ֮ǰվһֱܹػڸϼʮ
ͻһٲĴأϳԷʱ˵ظ˵顣
ȴûӻ磬ֻڣϢ˵򸸽һţµЩ
ô
ȵѴݸ֮ڶʱԭء
ô
ʱ˵ֻĲԼĭô
費Ҳֻ֪֪ǣ죬Ľȥҡ
˸׻δ˼
ɣ
᣿ҲòᣬĽŶ󣿲ʮĺӶѡǲǵãڵʱ򣬷ɿڹڴǼ׸裿
ڵ˵ͷ֮ǰ¾ϣҰҲ˵ˣǼ׸裬ĽǼҵʱġ
ĸôˣ
ԥûС
ΪһֱڿֵһߣȻǼ׸裬һһ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ʱʵҲûеһ¶ϾĽǵһֵˣܹͬܵдĸֻǾ޶ѡ
ǺһЦ
Ȼò׼ǾƣĹǱûʲô
˼գĹǱ߾ĵģڻЩţĽæʱдʲôдʲô棿
û뵽Ԫһ죬ֱӱ
Ԫϣڵһȫȫ׿ΣһŸ׽˴á
һźţһҵڶվźš
ջϣʢװ磬̨̤ĸ
Ȼ󣬾һתִġҺҵ
ҵң񺣺˻һ䣬Ǻĳӣ˵С
ԼĹϵдˣ
תͷͿ˸ƶı顣
Ľдô
ġ
ɵһסáʱ򣬺Ľдġ
Ͼ̫
Ȼ֮ǰһ״еѷɫҲҵ˵ŮС
ͺĽ֮ǰдǼ׸粻ͬȴͬġ
֮ר̨һˣҵں˵ĸ
һλлĽˣʱ׸ңҲôԲô
˵˵㣬ȻǺӸдײ͵ˣ㵽ʱǮС
ĸŮЦеؿڡ
ĸüͷһܣɫһ˲
ֻҪ˵ˡҲ˵ȱǮ˵ǼҵĽ飬Ҳʱ䲻ˣˣͷҪȥݳúúϢһ¡
ãʵıҪûС
תͷ뿪˺̨
Ľ࣬				

462

һһգΪǸرһ꣬ԽԪҹĸ⿪ĺ¡أǲԶڸ۳ǵĹͺԶڶɽĳҼֵܡ
ֵȫ˲ϹڵգǮƱһʼŶӵɽ˽нס
һһƤһҩġ
̶̼Сʱʱ䣬ѾѳСɽģһƱҲǵŬ֮䱡
СǰɶѵĶⶫܹͽ۶ĻƼǮ÷ϼ
ɾȻҪٽжһʱ򣬱һ׸סˡ
ôˣ
һףС𾴵ģϾ˵Ǵǹֵ߳ˣȱȱݣǾ¡
ҪٻˣЩȴ˵
СҪѯΪʲôʱСҲ˵Ҫͣһ¡
С÷ѽ⣬Ҫǽ׵˻кܶ࣬ⶫǮĻöԿ
ǿһ׺ͳСı飬Ӧ
⣬ɻֲͣ׸ӡ
Ǵ󣬵ȴȲһ׾Ķ࣬ҲûС
Сһ˵ˣɽ˲ˡ
ƾɶΪɶ
Ѷ֮ǰҵɽûյĻҲûʲôìܣ˱ɽȴûУôҲˡ
ϵģֳʼ
С峤ͶԷһְʾϿסڴ峤֮󣬴峤سſʼҡ
˵˵ȳСǻȥЩ֮ٹոĶ
ҪǮˣһȥѶ֮Ǿ͹ʱЩûչ˵һգô
໥ֹ֮ɽһɢ
СЩɽ࣬Ģ֮ķһѣҩ֮ķһѣƤë֮ķһѡ
֮󣬿СɽĶٴη˳
⣬Ҫô˻ȥ
Ϻʹ峤Էʱ򣬳СѯʶԷƽʱⶫҪô˶峤Цʾǿ˳ȥĻСҲôɽ
һ仰ɽУҪ˳ȥϼѡ
һȺڴ峤ס£ջļǮôëǮ˴峤ҵɽô峤Ÿ˵ظǳһԡ
峤ǺϧصҩƸСǺȡ
㷹֮󣬴ҸԻݡ
СΪˣݣûôࡣ
ûж֮һѳСͳСѣһŪһˮϴ֮˺ĳСӴϷһָС棬źóСǰϵľƺȫˣϴģСѹ
Ǹ ҹ˯﷢ʲô裿
һȴҡҡͷóСſ
ʱһָҹ㣬СѾ۾СҲѵԼŬ˯ţֻҪСһ۾ڴϣ
Ȼķſڴ
ԭո׹е˻Ȼѡ
Сһ±Ƶؿſڡ
󣿡
С̲סЦԼ̫档
Ὺŵ󣿡
Сסķű˴򿪣Ŵⷴѩ⣬ӰӰ´µ˳Ŵ˹
СС˵
Ѿ˯ˣ
ģ˯ġϳԷʱ򣬺üһ˼ʮľ˳þư֮ǰһ˯ҹ
˰ɣǾƻҩզֱ˯һأ

ƺرƶ˵֮ĻȤ䡣
ֱǽӽ˴֮󣬳СʶҪŭǣȴȻԼͱ˽ţ޷
½ĵ˴·ۿؿʼԼҪĶ
£ôʲôûаڴֻмǮⶥƨ
ûУɣϸ򣿡
ܲôˣõ٣һҲǮ

ڰǿڴĶȫ˳ֻǻûװڴ棬˴˷ԼС߽
С絹ˮڿʡ
ŵû亹㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳ˲˵ʲôƴһ塣
ڶһ磬Сҵ˴峤˵˹͵ˣмٿǮ͵ˡ
峤һСǮƱǼġ
峤Ҫټȫ˳ʻֱСסˡ
СóһֻЬӣߴ峤ߵʱ򣬲СĵһֻЬ
峤һߵҪɱˡ
Ϊһ˫ЬӲǱ˵ģϱģһƤӣҲһƤӣм޻ůĺܡ
ŭشųСһ߿˶ӵķš
Ǹöӣڴź˯һư˴ѡ				

463Ʒ

峤󱦱Լ׵һѣһû˯͵֮־ۼһߣȻ˯ˣ֮Ժġ
զˣ
զˣ㻹զˣ㣬ϸɶȥˣ
ûɶǳԳԺȺ˯һ֣˯һ
ɣֱ֮Ϳվŵļˣʱŵһ飬˯ҲûˣҲˡ
󱦣㣬ʲôҲûɣΪʲôЬӻ棿
ЬΪʲôأ
㡣
峤ţһŭ䲻
ͷϻʱЬӵİ
Ϊʲô
СЦЦǰһһ壬ֿ󱦡
ֵܣ㲻ҪżЬǷûɶϾǰɣǷ˼ٿǮͼʮƱ֪ô
ֱӴλŵĿųС塣
ʲôٿǮͼʮƱ԰ǿڴʲôûУҲһʮǮѰ
峤һǵͨ죬ŭҪִˣֱСȰ¡
壬ֵܿҲһģǱ˭ƻˣ˵ˣʣµǮڿڴֵȴ˵ֻʮʮ飬ҲǱƭˡͱˣҵЩǮźá
峤ɸֵصһ۶ӡ
͵ǮС͵ͷҲԼϣƭˡ
󱦾Щ˲ƭԼǴ峤ȴţʳ֮󣬴ųСȥҪǮ
һ±ƣͬʱʾֻʮ飬ûбˡ
峤յֱ˵ȥϣȥ
ܺͶôˣȻҲڣǳųСǳŶǷҪǮ
ɽô˵һҧʮǮһ˷߿ëˣó֮󻹲Сǻ˵ͷ
峤һҧҪȥ˰ȥ֣ǴҶھӣǶǹˣǽ
󱦼˹ڵϿ޵ıһһѣʾԼֻôǮǴҲ²ǲǰǮˣ
ɵ峤˨ʵʵģӦϵĻǻòǮ
峤ɫѿˣϾ׷Լ͵һ֤ףҪͼȥ֡
ɴ峤ϱͬⰡӻأ
˵˵ȥҧ˰ѼǮɽ˴գһС˹˵ǮȻǮ
Сǡϼơһ£ԭ۰Щˣˡ⼸ٿǮüСӽ
峤ֱ˾
ã˵ôڼҲţҪʲôǾʲô
Сͷ
ʵҲһЩС¶ҪֵܳͷЩɽǲڵʱˣȻջİٷ֮һǮʲôʱܹЩǮʲôʱԲɣô
峤æصͷȥ֣֮öȥɻֶΪ
ԼҲˣСע¶ˣӸ˵ҲгϢ
峤ϱڴϰԼɻ˵˳峤һѵ⡣
ͷʶ̵ǣ㶮ʲôǮǲģӸѧ¶ô˵¾Ǯڣô˼һҧ͵ǮӾ͵Ǯ
ʱĸڣҲ졣
˵磬磬磬ûŪǮôΪʲô˵ˣ
СŴԼ·ͳһǮһ±ơ
СЦһһס
ԭգСնʱԱתƣͣԱߴһЩϢʱҾע⵽ˡȻ粻Ҫˣ֮˵Ҫסڴ峤棬֪Ҫʲô
һ׵˵ͷ
׻˵ǿѹͷߡĵط峤ȨǺܴģÿιգ֮üջʡҲʡ
ǰңǴСɽ泤󣬱ĶˣʱԼջ˭Һ˭һȻһġڣʱ»˽ɽն˭Ҳղߡ
ʱȵǴӱ˺Ƥ˸߿һ۵ˣζ˭ҲܾˡʱǸûȨǲջ󱦾ͻջ
СЩףǮǣӴ򹷡
һ׿С壬СٺһЦ
򵥰ջ˲ˣ
һ׾Ҳȫ
ûϵĻд־ݾС
˶֮󣬵ڶ峤˵飬ϵģ峤ܺ˵Ӧˡ
鶨Ҳ̻ؼҵʱ
ȥ˶ʱѾʮ죬ȵ˵۶ʱѾһѮ				

464׬Ǯ

׬Ǯ
ĽЩһֱСĳæԽǵʱ鼮۷֮ǰˡ
Ҫ޶֮ǰͼ飬ҪŰ棬УӡˢֲʱĽ౻ȥ׳
ܱûǿ
۶һµĵطĽ֮ǰĹϵȻòϡ
ԼҲҪϢһ°֮ǰûɵļӸɣǣ˫һļϣɹʶ
ĽƽʱһгߣؿſڼӰ̽ͷƣɫһ䣬һ˹ȥ
ͬ־ǣСʲô飿
漸ֶû˵꣬Ľͼ˼ոתͷˡ
ȻԲ۾гǰ˼߹ȥֿ֮Цá
ǸԼſõô
Сεͷ
ǸҲʶ·
СĬһ˲۾˵Ǽ˸ո⼸ߴô
ССҲΪѣЦعסĽгٺЦߡ
粻ڣǶʶ·ոߴ˺üأҺ㣬Ȼ˵϶һҵšĽ࣬ǿɸ˲ٺöأ
һεĳСһŤĳС壬ĽһЦǽ˼š
СһһӣСߵʱСʯͷ󣬻ܺ˹ͨСٻСʯͷѾܹŴ۾Ѱ˵˵ӰӣϡسСŲ֡
СذǴĶĽ֮Ҳ˹ȥͣСС壬ָԼһ飬öԷԼһ
ֻϧСʯͷ̫СƾСƤӣһҲûԣֱóС죬һһúӡ
СĵطŰۡ
УûС壬Ҳûְְ˵Ƕǰ
СƳ˶Էһۡ
ôûнô
СߵȥȴںĽ˵һ·飬ûһСҲź˹һһǽ·ϵľ
üһǺõòˡ·˺üС͵̷ˡǻʱҲӸֻǳȥһȦ֮˵Լʶڲӣ԰Ǵһһʱ··ģҲ֪ȥ˵ʲôԷֱӷˡ
С˵һ׵ʱ۾˿Լĳ羴֮ġ
ĽݸһЦ
ʱǴ磬˰ɣ
Сӣ˳СһۣСϻĽ˵Ǽ˵Ĵ㡣
Ҫֵܰٷ֮ǮΪϾС˵ûֵܵĻǹƻز
ʵС˵ʱѾ·˵⣬ʵ⣬ҪΣҲѵö࣬Լ붼ú¡
С˽ԼĶӣеʵС
ĽЦЦ
˾˺˾ɣȸ˵Уأ
Сæʾһȥĵ籨ˡ
ĽһԴ뵽ҪˣƺԼ˰һ׺ͷؼҡ
ʾһ׻֮Ҳ˵ԼȵҪʱٻȥȺʹһѶˡ
ǣĽְ䵽ԱߵĳСǼϣѯҪҪȥ
һ֮󣬾С޴ź£Сֵܻȥ
ϾӻСػһðǴ¶ˡ
ʱĺӺ׳⣬һ˲Сز۶ܡ
Сô죬ǺԼҰ֣࣬ ĶʱŲؼҡ
С˵ʵҲȥǸϱȻԼ˵ʲôʲô
С˵ȥһġ
СҲأԼû˵

ߺž͹ˣһѮǵʱ䲻ࡣ
Եһ׻֮󣬺ͳֵǲɹôණȥˡС
ſҲ֮ǰôϸ񣬲ȱǸ⣬ң۶ط򲻵öǮˣǰڿʱ򣬷ɿرһա
ϼ˻ȥǮСԼʱԴѪ棬Ǯô׬
ҵĸԹԣʱеɽĻ׬Ǯ
СЦһ
Ļλز´λزΪֶˣǶࣿ
СֻͣǿЦѣôô
׬Ǯƽ˶֮ʱѾϵһµס				

465żȻżȻ

һõĽġʡһǵķֳɣԭҪģֲվǽ˹
Ͼڵ۶ؼҹܲܿʲôһ˵ڶȥ˰ٻ¥̵׼ɹõĶ
һ׼иĸֵܣϱŮҪĶҲ࣬һ׬ö࣬Ҳûвãһһʱ򣬱Ľסˡ
磬֪뷨Լô겻ڼңԸмˣҪ˴޿ɺǡ»Ҫôϣȿ˵
С˵һ㶣Ȼͷ
ǰֵܣȷǰҲʲôǼ˶֮ܲô¶
Ȱ˵ǸȰ˵մҲʾ˶ͦõĻؼ߸ǮҲüһ׵׻Ӧˡ
СȹҪԼСֶŮķĬĬطŻеĶŮˣȻӲӳǵŮ˵ϸġ
ţһˡ
ʯȻҲû뵽ﾹȻܹĽ࣬һسߵתߣȴĽ
̣ôż߸ﰡģһҪݸأ
ʯ԰ӶûתĽڰ֡
ˣ
Ϊʲôߵһλ˭ǰôûأ
Ľ׷ᡣ
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ʯʲôأ
ĽŲʯߵŮˣ۾Ӳʵ治ͣشתţԶ׼ľ
ʯʱҴææߣǲĽ໹ߵŮ˺ȻҪô׵طŹ
ʯ㣬С˭ܽ£
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ԽżԽ߲ˣʯƹˤĽԼߵԼҵãĽʲô飬ûµĻǻҪ졣
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ӴôŸôһأҼǵ֮ǰڼԵĶɽ亣ζõҲǸߵšͻ˼ǧǮһ׷أ
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СȻ֪ʯ˭֪Ľ˼
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ʯԱߵŮ˳ŭˣʯƭ֮ǰڿظ˵溢̫Сĸ׻סԺɷҲȳȣ޷ϰ໹Ҫչơ
ԭǼٵġ
ʯһŮ˵ɫ濩һֱá
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ŮҪߣʯɿ˹ȥŮ˵Ҫ侲һ
˲βҳԵģҲҪ˴һ£һĲΪңҰɡڹ۶ϣҡ
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Ůˣʯĵô
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һֱմ󺣰йȥѯδĴ㡣
Ľʵ˵Щ±ƣʱԼδĴ
ЦЦүү˵Լδ϶Ҫҽ
մȴûзɡ
ƻ
Ľ϶ˡ
үүʲôʱ飿
մûشʱͻȻһŮ˵
ƿص˽
Ľ࣬үүֵģҷֵġ
Ľ࿴һۣĵ˵ͷʾԼû˵ѡ
࿴ǰͷĿСҲ²Ľ뷨ϾĽԼСһУʵҲûС
Ҳ֤һʲôŮӣӲء
ϲ֪𣿡
Ľ࿴˷࣬˫۳ҡҡͷ
֪𣿡
ĽֳĬ
ù֪Լϲ
ǿ϶ģ϶롣
ֻǣ͵ĴԼҪģôԴϲԼҪģǹԺѶû
ӦҲñȽ˰ɣ
ңҲ᲻ûˡ
Ȼ뵽һҰ㵱ֵܣ㾹Ȼ˯ң
͹͵ĹǣͰֶŮȴҪ޸
Ľܲһ𰸣˷һش
롣
Ƿ໹մ󺣣ݺݵһ
Ľܺ档
𣿡
ҡҡͷ
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Ľ֪ܲ飿
ϲ˹ôʱ䣬ûأ
ֻΪûߵһڶ壬Ըȥѡ				

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Ľһŷҡҡͷ
˵ˣû¶ҲһġԶҵĹ壡֪֮ͨƾҪˣʱҾæˡǵ˴ѧߣŰİӶȥˣһϲһͲİأ
մ󺣶һۣ
ǵǷԣֻѶѡ
ҪȨףȻ㡣
ĽϲϹ͹ƾΪԼûˣԺ˴ѧ棬˶ˣƹ;ͿԷˡ
ʱ׾Թ϶һ㣬÷ɿ졣
֮󣬸ſʼϰˡ
ڵһϰʱ򣬾ͱ˾˹ȥֻûе˾İ칫ңһ·˾ֱӴǸǰǸ붼˽ֱӵĶԻ
ûбģԼģ˼ģǵеȫ˵˳Ѿˣžͱץ׼
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ȫȨ飬һҪոյĳ룬Ϊʵ
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Ҳ֪Լôģ;󹦳Ľࡣ
Ľ֪򸸼縺֮Ҳһ֮ľǸˡ
ǴӺģ֪кܶܶھ÷չصľߣڷչʱߺܶ·
Ǳ˵ĻܻҪͨ򸸵ĿȥתĻͼ򵥵öࡣ
ǣڷ̸Сʱ֮һ˸߲ҵ뿪ˣ˾ǹһģȻ
ȥˡ
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裬ڷ˰ɣ
Ľ೯ŵСռ۾
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֮ǰС·ʲôģʵʱóɹô
ĽԱߴȤ
ϣ裬˾˻ÿϾ˾ˣС˾˺Ƕûɹ·
Сһȣֻ˵Լȥ
ĽٺһЦס˵СգָԱѾһ·ķࡣ
˼ҵ·Ųأ˰æ
Ľһĺóó
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Ľ࿴ŷ뿪ıӰĵĸ̾һ䣬쵽ˣ߿Ҫϲˡ
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ĽõĵһϢǳСǻˡ
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Ľû취ֻȥ򸸰æ
ڿĽʱЦˡ
ãȻҹƻҪȥء
ĽЩӣܳǰ
֮ǰҲʹһЩǼ鷢֮ǰҲˡ
Щ򸸸ĵ֮󣬶˵򸸵ĵӺܺãʵãҪг֤
˼㣬ֵȷ̶̼Ѿ˿ʼˣƱҪĽ̸̸
Ľ˵֮󣬰Լ뷨һ׵⡣
򸸳ڰ֡
ⲻǵĹûλʵһӦñͷŵģȥʲôɳǩͷҸ˵һ¾УûؼҿĸҪؼҿĸ
Ȼ˵Ľ໹ǰֶö˾ˡ
һ׸мĿĽࡣ
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ĽĻҲû취ôȥҲû취ôǮôе
Ľż⣬һ׵ļִսСڡ
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ͬˣԿһۣԱɫߺ죬Щķ࣬ĵ˵ͷ
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װģĹҪĽࡣ
Ľ༱æܿ׷׷ԽԽԶ
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Ҷһ׹εֵܣ˶˵һøĻһ˵ǮؼҺúչĸף
һҲû飬Ͼĸ׵ĲҲ֪ʲô
֮ǰԭǰǮһ˵ҪЩǮɽģҶǮˡ				

478ʧ֪ͨ

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һˣҲûʲô仯
Сûڼãļžͱһ籨ˡ
ҵҵ֪ͨ𣿡
յ֪ͨĲĽ࣬ҲǳСǣǳС
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Се㲻ţѴӼĵ籨Ŀһ֮ڽʵıѧУ¼ȡˡ
ĽǶΪСˣڼһóԵĽӴַڡ
ַ֮ǰ֪ռмѧ˸߿û뵽Ȼ˿ˡ
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ʱֱֳը˹û뵽ȻһţӶϴ
ѧġ
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ҶʳСͣСǱѧУ¼ȡе˵ʱֳҲм˲ͶĽࡣ
ĽӴմ󺣣ǵ̲סҡҡͷ
үүģܻģģⲻġ
մΪĽֻοԼǳС֮ȴתͷĽ࣬ͬɻǡ
ԾܲԾ
˵¼ȡ֪ͨ龹ȻѾĵ˼ҲǴž۶ĵ۶֪ͨѾõˡ
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ĽǸϰΣĽڿǰǼĸϰϺԼѺеĿ⣬ǲȻͲô
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ĽʵҲûȥչʲôģ˵ԼõĶȥһѡ
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зվͻлرԽ󣬻õԽࡣ
֮ǰǹ˼ĵӣǵǼ֮ü
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Ľ࣬ôģҪдˣѧҵӦòʲôѡ
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ģȷûƭң
Ľصص˵ͷ֣ء
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ŸӼҴҵ뿪ˣĽҲ뿪
һβ˭֪ͨ飬				

479״Ԫ½һ

ʵĽôȷԼ֪ͨ鱻ΪѾȥˡ
κһѧУԼûпϡ
ҶûпϣҲûпϣû⡣ԼڿʱûзӺ顣
СС壬СѾõ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ôܲɣ
Ľҹд˸ӣֱӽ࣬鿿ԼĻ̫ˣҪΪһ¼
ҴҶ˵߿һľţһܹƽĶľš
ƽĻʵĻܶȹšƽʱɹŬĴǳȵġ
Щڵײ㣬ΨһܹﵽԼϣķΪԼΪǣĽҪ
Ľԭţȵ֮źȥԼķ
Ľû뵽ǻ࣬Ѿµǰ
Ϊ㲥Ѿ㲥ˣеƵ1߿״Ԫ½һ
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½һ޲ΪԼ̫ˣһ߿״Ԫ˵ޡ
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߿ôˣԼԾûأѧУûȥԶûμӣܵõ1
ȥ½һǸ˴󣬰Լ֪˵һ顣
Լıһ
֣˵ǲǣ̸Ұʲô鰡˵̷ЩͷһӣˣֻǱҪҰ
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ҲǹҪѽֻҪǸѾͷһѵѡũũĵطѧʲô˭֪ɼȻôã
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˵ȻѾˣڳҺҲûãô죿ҶѾ֪ˣǶӿ˵1״ԪѵҪڻȥ״ԪͷθǸ𣿡
״ԪҲûϵǲҪˡǸСԲһưոݵˣ֪鲢ҰŪˣҽĹô죿
½Щܻ
֪Ļȥˣ
½ĸ˵ֻͷվԱһίίģ
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ˣ֪֪㶫ȥǸͬѧҪһؿƿȻõǮȥ·ԵģȥǸСԵĻϸŮɣ				

480ϸ

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½ĸʶؾܾǸѾͷԼ޲ӴʧʲôŮ
½½ĸӣֱͿ
˼ҵĵһϸŮôˣ֪֪һʲôԺжĺ˵иǰ̣˼ǸСأֻΪӽ񣬺úõĴѧûˡ˼ѵԩίô
½ĸЩġ
ߣûȽеʱҲԼôŪøǵһ
ԼɷҪ˵½ĸûذڰ֡
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ȳ˷½ĸ·Ҫţֱ½סˡ
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½һ֪֪֮࣬ҡͷʾҪȥ˵
״ԪͲҵģȥԺУ֮󱻲ô죿ĽԼģ͵û˼ҡ
οϴıĽŪˡ
½ĸЩ꣬ôôˣ
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ĵȰ˵ӲҪ
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½һԼĺͼ֮ǻԼĸס
ӡУһֱǱȽֱˣȻĻҲ֮ǰԼ˰Ľľ˾ץȥʱԼ
ֻǣ½һȵǣһε½ȴվĸߣָӦȥĽǸ½⣬Ӧðִ
Լ۱ˣְôҲǱһһ
ֻǹغԼңȻҪȥ˼ҵǸ˼ôҪ󣬲Ҫôĳͷԡ黹̼ҡ
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˶֪ӿϴѧ¶֮ǰ֮ǰ˵ʱ̵ģȥĽ࣬;ģһֿһ
ŪЦûˡ
ڵռҵʱĻѾۻ塣
飡飡飡
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482ʲôʲô

Ľ࣬⺢ôô°֮ǰҲѾ˶˵ҪŮ ôôʱ㲻˵ܣȥǼһ˶ûأ
½ĸֱ֮ӶĽ෢ѣĽϡ
飬Ľûаá
ĽֺԼģǹҲģ
Ѿ֪½һԸ˭ˡ
մҲһЩ񾭲
λͬ־ǲǸˣ˶ҲûҼ棬ҲûöǼҲûͬ⣬ΪʲôҪȥң
մ󺣾½ĸ½ĸմ̫֡
ιǼĽ൱ŮĸʲôɾܾΪʲôҪܾ㾿֪֪ж˼ҪǼң
մ󺣲
жҪǼңǼҾԲǡң֮ǰ͵ĶҲԺȷظ㣬ǼҲӭǣǳȥ
½ĸţϵıǾ
ռҾȻĲԸ⣿ɵӰɣ
ۼ½ĸҪ˵½æסˣ΢ЦŸǵǸ
½һĸף֮ǰǼ档ҲǳĳҪĽŮġҰ˸ո˵е壬ⲻǶ֮ǰڼ淢˼οڽǣ鲻á
ƴԱЦһ
ľųǻûأһ治֪㾿ʲô˼ңȻôϸ׾ţ˰Ҳ⣬ʵ⣬Ҫ˵ǻĶԶĶ߰ɣ
ƴͲ˵ôֶˡ
½ĸԲ㱬Լ׶ں§סĸ첲ƴûڡ
ҵ谡鶼Ѿڳˣͱ˳ôȻʲôûˣˣ
½ĸ۶ӣҧҧôˡ
Ѿĵ¶˾ģԺĽϵԼ֮ɵúúôĥĥɣ
ƫƫԼĽ䲻Ǽң Ľ໹Ǽ䲻Լֱһڻؾûκء
ƾ½˵˺ûҲûɿڡ
½ĸݺݵصĽһۣ̫ʶ̧ˡ
ߣΪѧϰþôʶֶô˵ĸ˭һ
Ľԣ۵׷ɿػһĨȻ
ȻµûΪġ
մǲ֪
½ĸ˵֮󣬻Щ±ơ
˵ӣǲŪˣĽѧϰǲθ߿¼ȡ֪ͨ鶼ûյѲǳʲôӣ
ʲôʲô
մ󺣻һ䣬½ĸɫһ˲˰ףѵؼһĨ飬ܿǵߣҡҡͷ
ĶĶܰô֪Щ飿ֻǼ½һ˵ĽѧϰͦõģⲻҪϸŮҲúôǼһô
̶ӵĹ½ĸǱһһ˿û֮ǰʢˣЩ顣
մ󺣸ûע⵽ֻ½ĸڿĽ࿼úãΪүүģȻĺ͸ˡ
Ľ⺢ӴС͹С֪ڼɻˡʱ򡭡
һ׷ȥʱһЩһ¡
մ󺣵ĻĽζĽԼĺ¡
ʲôԼС͹
ԭĹôͺˣ
ʲôдС֪ڼɻ
ǼǵãԼڸոմʱ緹ǲΡΡվŵմ󺣸ԼأүүԵĻûԼã
Ľմ󺣵ϣ͵˱ȣͷԾԼ⼸ϸչ׿гЧ
½ĸⷬĲͷƫƫ½½һЩζ
ǰòģƫƫǱƽĵ۶˼Ҷúãմ󺣵ⷬǻΪռҼͥԭͺܸأ
½һ⼸оԼҲڼ尾
ǱȽϲԺ֣ˣ˭ûһʱ
ǼСĺӣ˶ƫȻеѳð˹͵飬ǵһ
ÿȥ涼ͬǿԼԼһƣҲһƮЩˣھΡ
ĳ£ҹߡ
ڣڿűֽʱ붼ûֱӻؼҪ⡣
鵽һȻˡ
ǰСԼС꣬޷ǰ˼ʳʦģӡУΪķ࣬ԵʦԲġ
մ˵ôֻΪѧ뵽ڿˢˢʱĳ½һˡ
ȻתͷԼĸףϵıδΣͲ				

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֪Ϊʲôһе½һʱȫû֮ǰҪĽĳɼΪԼõ뷨ֻϧѾߵһǾӲͷƤҲȥ
ƫƫô˵ռ˻ͳһھԸ⡣
½ĸʱЩżˣż֮ǻֺ̿顣
ЩˣԽ飬ɤŶԽ
ֵġ
Ҹǣǿɵˡֺ¶ɾûˡˣٿޡ
Ľ΢Цҡͷ
ģǲ޵ġ·ǵԼ˫߳ģǰ;δǿԼƴģɰָ裬ΪʲôҲԸ⡣
½˿ڣĽֱӱʾУܣ÷뿪
½ûתأֻܴϱ뿪ռҡ
Դˣ½ĸռ̫ڲʶô
ǣ˼ҲԸ⣬ô찡ţˮǿͷ϶У
½һ÷͸ˣ統û¶أ
ĸ׶ĳ磬ԼĻĸ׵ͷϣһĴ㲻֮Ļ
½ס˻Թˣ룬Ȱһš
ҪƵôԽżԽ˻ǾĲ
Ҳţռ֮ǰû˵ٻ˵ԸǲԸ⡣
½˿ڣ½Ȼ
û뵽ķչǵԤϡ
ΪӸʡзӦ۶飬ֱĿࡣ
ԽԽĿϼӳԼԾ֪ͨ鲻ϣ˵Լ֪ͨ鱻ðˡе˵Լ½ĸ͵͵İԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ˺ˡ
һʲôĻͶߣԸ״
Щ֪ǿԸZдŵģԼٵ
żԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
ֱӷ˻ֻҪ֮һϴദ
½ĸӹ㲥ŵʱಡûų
æĶȥԼɷλɷԲߡ
½ܹʲôԲߣ
룬һķ½ĸͬ⣬ͬ⡣
ǸСѾͷƬӲǸũǰǵߴ׵ġҿɲԸҶҸϱ
½½ĸ˼⡣
˼ũĹôˣ˼ССµһˣӲĶȥˣ˵Ļҷ䲻˼ҡ
ҶӣҶӣڿҶӣѵôֻҪһһ飬˵ҹ߻ġôҲԼ
˳ȥĽҲֻ½ĸ½Э
Ըȥһ״ԪͷҲԸԼĹΪ£½ĸʾԼűˡ
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Ǹողȷýͷýȥռס
ռԭ֣ͦΪǸַھӺĺĽ޻ţžͷ˲Ծ
ýſˣôôϤ
ĽЦ
ܲϤô½һǼܶεġ
ýŲ֪ԣĽ˵ΪĽ½һ֮ǰѾùһĴȣǰ˵ĸһԣһ˫һ
ȥ½ˡǼ˻ܲ𡣡
ýɫһ٣ǿЦָͷմ˴ĽԴ
СѾͷԹԼԼµģүү
Ľ໹͵ʲõǰһվƴ󿪡
ô죿˼Ҷ˵ŮܶأΪʲôͲ׷ԼҸˣѲɻҪѧһףĸ֮ý֮ԣõĻҵȥЩĴǺúøһΡ
ýԼ˵ýû˵ɣԼĽһ١
ȥֱ֮Թ½ĸһͨҪ˲ٺô֮ʹ뿪
½ĸԼһԶãɷֲңȥԼҴ㡣
˵䣬˵©졣
ɣЩ˶ɫ䡣
ܻذԼСӺһ٣ȻָϽ˰Ѿӻ˰֪ͨҲû绰ĽѧУ쵼֮ű֪רŵĵ룬ԾѾûȨľˣʲô֪ͨ顣
䣬½һķѾ汨ı
Ͼǵһθ߿߿״Ԫӽ飬ܲô
绰һңļˣ㿴ңҿ㣬һѿҪ
뽨ҵû취ֱӹȥղУٽơ
˫£а취ġ
ɵռں󺣵һĺԺ֮;ûϣˣٽ֮ռ͵һӵʱЩ
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СԼѰĵİɣ				

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Һ뽨ҵ֮ǰԼС˵ҪĽ½һ飬æӣһﻰ˼ҲҪæϴϡ
֪ԣԼռҲֻǷ֮ΪЩͷۣҪĽƶѡ
鲻ȻóóȻͬ
ոտƵ뽨ҵŵʱûôơ
ֱӰƤӸմ󺣣ȴմ󺣰̬Ӳظ뽨ҵ뿪
뽨ҵЩڨڨߡ
ϾռҺ÷潻֮մ󺣸״ô죿
ɲ߰ɣ
˼ҶˣϹȥ
ǣ۾һתһ⣬ԼеͷĿѣҲ˵ҪĽ
Ľĸ룬ž뽨ҵⷬ뽨ҵ̲֮סŴЦ
壬֪ҵ˶ҵҽܺãҵļܺáԣҪҸ
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룿ģ
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֮ǰΪǿҩҪĻԼ㿪ҩȻȥȲȶУڲˣȻģ
Ľ֪Լʲô飬᲻ĵʱѨ
֮ǰ˵ЩĵʱֻҪ뵽ЩͲ
뽨ҵ̧ͷͿĽЦЦĿԼЩȵЦЦæҡҡͷ֡
ǲˣҺȻ룬滹ҩȥԵҲС
ԼĽѾûˣֻܴͷɥߡ߳ȥ֮󣬿ԼгȻ뷨
Ľ˴֮˵Żͼ뽨ҵ˽
Ǻǣҵĳӻˣ֪˭Ӹˡ
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ҽҪȥСӺ÷ǸԼ취
½ĸȻ֪ôԼ֪ĻҲȥҽ˵ˣҲý֪ˡ
½룬Լȥףܰʧ
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СĻأҵĹô죿
뽨ҵԼ챻ˡ
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黹ü
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½ĸȻ˴棬뽨ҵÿԡ
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û뵽̸еĽʧͬѧȻԸ⡣
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˵ǵġҪ˵ţô죿
ȻͬѧҲ½ĸĲŪŭˡ				

485²ǰ취İ취

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ͬѧ϶Ҿ½ĸĻԼȥٱġ
½ĳʾΣȥ뽨ҵ֮
뽨ҵƹˤ鰲Ÿ½ĸ
½ĸ½ڼ棬ԡ
󣬻½һȥˣȥռҵĽѯҪôſϷŹˡ
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ۿҪ鵽ǵͷϣ֮½һĸףȥͶˡ
ȻĽ½һȻⱲԶܲμӸ߿Ƕ˵߿ԼΨһ;
ǣҲǱְ˶ѣ
֮󾭹Ҳ»صԼĸλϡ
½һ֮󣬷·Ҳǳ˼һ
ȥ֮ã˵Ȼ˱ӣǱ֮ǰҫҪõöࡣ
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ӺɷӦԼԼ飬ӦÿŸĸһСﶼõĵӦҲõġ
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ͷϴһߺͲ˼
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Ľ൹ûаϣΪ½ӵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬֪ͨϹ涨Уʱ䣬3Ѯ
ѧУסĵطЩԶ
Ľ룬ǾסУȽϷ㡣
մ󺣺ͼˣ᲻úĽֿ
ĽЩЦãã֮ǰȥļ˾Ҳˣ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬һ˷ܵҪ
СѾǵˣҪѧУ֮ǰ˷ܵһҹû˯ͺϱ֮ǰһ
ĵСֺֺЦѾǴѧģˣҲԼЩ
ϾԼ֮ǰ޹ʱ˭ܲµõԼܿϴѧأ˭֪Լأ
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ɵȵ֮߳󣬿Լź֪ĸܵƺĲһ
Щ˼קקС·ʲôʱȥ
СˣˣԼҲѧУˣϱߣûʲôڸõˡ
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ĽǼ汻ڨģξǳСͳСǣСҲڨһΣñźӵĳСѺĻ棬ֱſ뿪
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СҲholdסЦˡ
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Ľǰţ ûע⵽мѾ
󣬺ŵĶԽԽҲԽԽעĿ
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ĽһͷˮһͼһȺЦǺǵ
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ѧ᳤ʶ˱Ƚ϶࣬ϴȺһѯʶԷȴ֪ԷҲȻðСǸġ
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ȻʶĽ࣬ʶԼѧУˣôƯСѧУ漮ǲܵġ
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ǰɣǰĵʱѧһ֪ʶȻǰЩҲⲿ֪ʶȫϰһ顣
ѧ
Ȼѧ
ʦ˷ܵسĽͷҪԺʲôⲻģֱӹȥС
ڸոճ¶¶״ʲô˽¿֮飬ᶼûᡣ
ʱҿĽٴ˱仯
״Ԫ
Ǳȱţƣ
¶¶ԼһǼ޵Ľ࣬ȴ˵ʲô
ĽҲûѶԷԹԵͷ顣
ȵ¿֮Ľֱӱʦߣ˵Ҫúġ
¶¶۾ĶĽı޲
ߣ
˵ʲôԼѧģֱǷƨ
ôҽѧ⣬Ȼܹѧˣ
ƭҲݸ壡
ΪҶɵô
ǾĽƭ˵ģѹס˶ĽͶ̾
ţƵ˹Ȼţƣ
ױȣ
Ľ࣬˵ѧȵԸ˵˵ô
ʦйĽ˰֮ġ
ûʲôֻǰһҽʦѧҽʱѧⱾѡֻΪĶȽϼ򵥣ģһġ
ĽŵظԼ̲ͣסļҪҪ̫š
ֻһ㣬ⷽѧϰûʲôͽ飿
Ľࣺ
˵ˣѵǱ˶ԼûεĲô
Ŷ̫ܲҵİڳ繤չü˵㡣
Ľһ˲Ȼ				

509

Ľ͹û˵̫࣬ѾվѧУͱ˵ڡ
񸴽Ѿɲ̫ھҵ˶֮⣬·ȫһû֮ǰȳȵĺۼ
ĽͶǱߣᡣ
ѣ
Ľͷ
ҵһ壬֪ǹġ
Ȼ˵Ľеһ뷨ڹԼġ
ҲûĽ࣬ϾҲֻǺԼɷϵֻһ˵Ľ྿ʲôӶѡ
壬ǹ
ڿĽ֮۾һ̲סĽĸ첲Ҵҵľߡ
ô
ȽϽ˵ȵ·ϵʱٸúý͡
Ľסߵڡ
Ҫҵҽҩ䣡
ȥȡ
ڵĻشĽĲ²õ֤ʵ
ˣ
˻һˣôҲǺڸһĵȼ
ĽɫҴңûע⵽Χ˿ǵı顣
¶¶㵵ؿĽ౻һ˳Ÿ첲߳У԰ſܹȥһ
㡭ǡô
ֻǳ¶¶ˣҲˡ
ĽΪҵδΡߣΪ۶״ԪֺÿͻȻܹ˵Ŀ
ҲΪĽһ˲岻׵ϵУ԰š
ټϡˡĴĽԱ֮ǰˡ
һװغϸĺԺڡ
ĽˮؿǰˣĬذָڶԷϡ
󣬻мŰ״ӵҽӵۡ
һСѾͷѣĲͻôרҶûáǴĶôһСܹκã
ǰ֮ҪүȥƲУȻʲô飬˭𰡣
飡үӵҲܲסκδĥˡǸϿͣרҰɣ
רңȻϢȥĻ˵𶯵ͲѾλˡҵѾô࣬ǲڹ۶ϳκβ
ԣҲϳµĻǶԵġүһҪȻ

˿ʼԭžĲʱһг
壬Ҫ⼸ҩģ׼һ¡
Ľ֮дһҩݸڣҪȥץҩԭ 
ͬ־ҩҡҩҿ
ǰҲСΣҽô֮ǰүβģ㡭

Щεͷеҩǡ
ɾЩҽҪֵʱĽֱ
Ľࣿ
Щ졣
ǰٷ֮Ľģڹ۶ϣҲðҩҿȽϺá
Ͼô˶ûпõĲĽ࿴˻ͰˣûõĻҪеĽͷϣ
ⲻǰǺ
ĽùҩڵĻ档
壬ϣҪ
üͷĿⶨؿĽ࣬СУȫûиЦ˼ɫһҩֱӳ˷䡣
ڣһϼӳġ
С֪㾿ʲôô֪

ĽԺмҩȽϣӶߴߴĻʱʤؿڡ
죡
ͱմ󺣻ҽĽһ仰Ū࣬š
㡭㡭㡭
ôˣԼܾҪϡΪԼβõˣҲβôǱȽСȻأʹܹôô˶βãֵý
ָĽ࣬ͿϺȴ˵
ҲĽ߻¶ԼæԼҸ׹ѹӡ
û뵽ԼŸոչȻ飬׼̧ŽŵҲǣҲǣôֱ㶵վԭء
ĽĻû˵ꡣ
˷ѾôʱˣǶһȺԸɷô˵һ䣬˵һ䣬˵úڻ˵жΡۿŲ˵涼·Żһ˵ͣе˵Ҫȫ֣͵ڹڡȥʲôܹһǵݵλ֮⣬ʲô
ƿԡ
Ľɨһǡ
ԱţͲҪϹȱȡβòҪűβ
Ľ˵סһȺֱ֮Լֱߵҽҩ䣬ͳԼĽ롣
׼үµʱߺȻһֻ첲ĽѶԷ
Ľתͷһơ
үү
Ľͷ¶һĨƵЦ
㾡飬
Ľһģһ̲· 				

510´¼

ĽڸүģþȫԱߵķ䡣
ҽ֮ؿʼ״
һ˵ԼݺΪǣһ˵Ľֱں֡
ۿŴֿʼһЦԱߵľҪһǹϡ
ûжһ£˶羪һ㡣
ҾĬƬ֮ǺҪ
ߣҪôڵ˳ʲô飬ǹ˵Ĺޡô
û뵽Ȼ˵ʱ㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳ˵ˡ
ڵСĽ࣬ʮ˶ûǵݵλҲûйҲôһСǶҶӵȼûа취ʱȴҽɹκڵȡ
ûмĽ࣬ڵǶ֪ġ
Ͼһ̫𺳣ǵ߳Ӣۣ֮ǰҲȴ취ûС
ǣ껹ʮ˰
Цһ
ո˵һûʹ󲻴ǿβòʲôֵý飬ʹҲֵԺ
ɫ仯ڡ
ңȥʱרѧ֯һ˵һѶȺܴ󣬼ɵһ­ɹˣ
ҽЦѡ
ǻǣС
⣬˼һôʱ
ϾǼҲ֪ϾЩרѧڹ̫ˣǼҵ̳
Щ˿ÿҵı˭û飬ȴƫƫһСˡ
ҲΪһ飬һҽԺͷֱӸǹ˵۶ļҽԺ
۶ߵ˶ܲ⣬û취˼Щרѧ߾׼һҽԺ˭붼ûá֮һʲôϮ¼ŰЩת˵۶
Ǹͷҽ˵ȴû
û뵽ȻһͲ󣬳ͦƯС
侲֮־ǸСеĻҪء
Ǹܹܲȥƣ
ҿԱ֤˵
ǵģСû˼·Ҳ԰æ

һûš
Щǰ۸ڶ˴УȻϰԼ˵ʲôʲô
˵ǸЩ֣˵ּЩ㡣
ĽһֱӰǵȫѹûˡ
ԳȥһȦ֮ļ˹һĽԱһҲ۾գҲգǰĽĶ
ĽûĶרעŽѨУָ
ûãſʱ򣬾ͼǼβš
ϸĻ͵͵
⡭ǡ
֮ǰһĻˣ̲סŴͣŵؿĽ࣬۵ĶǾ㵡
ĽеĽȫ˲Ѩ档
źݺݵһ
ٴ̧ͷʱ򣬶ͷѾĳһ㱡
ҵĽͲϵĽϲϵɨš
ֻǵȵĽʱ򣬲ϵĽǺȻ˸Ӧһ㣬ʼҵز
ͬʱ˵ҲСȵĶ
⡭⾿ô¶
ҽզŲ˵壬ҪǰͱԱߵסĶ
ңүӵ塭
ֻû˵꣬ͼոջɸү񰲾ڴϣոշһжһþѡ
۾ҪһͼĩһĨɫۼ
ǡ
ŷֻ֣һ룬еĽĩ˶˶ٲһĺɫҺ塣
Ǽү˶
Ľһ仰ʯ쾪
˭֪үרҽչ˵ģǸҽ⣬Ȼܳ¶
ǲţĽҲûж˵
ԼѵʦԼµĶȫһ飬ڴѧҵⷽĹ±ĻҲ֪
Ѹٵؽ˾Ȱ˿
ҽүû¶Ҳ֤ȷʵ޹ĻһԸǸġϣܹ⡣
үӵרҽص˵ͷֻɫЩס
ҶԸţŽһδβĩĺɫҺԽࡣ
տʼֻһ٣ģ˻״С
ڣڵھŴβ֮Ľǰ֮ǰЩȫε
ãڽŲҴҵشŵģĽ֮ǰҩġ
Ľ࣬㿴Щô
ĽһҩƷһ£֮ȥЩҩĵ顣
Ρ				

511Լ˵

ڰĽ˵ģЩҩóȥҪʱ򣬾ҽվëԼ˵ҪԼ
Լɣ
û˵ֻǰĽϡ
ĽҲû˵̬ȱֵװ׵ġ
ǲˡ
ҽǱĽһͨУֱdiss˵ǵҳϣ˭ܵˣ
С⻰˵е˰ɣ
Ҳãᴫ˵еĽ𣬵Ҳܻǵҳϡ
ߣֱ֪νΪԼôôΪԼһٳһѧĽԼΪΪˣ
һϾϵ˼ûСʦ֮ǰô̵ģ

ĻãһᵽʦĽϵıһ˲˱仯
ϹһӶ޷ȴ顣
ˣǵĻҽ֮ǰѾүүǶץˡȻΪΪʲôܵڣ
үӲһļж
֪ߴߴ˵Щ飬ֱ޿̡
Ƕ˵ʦ̵ˣʦٲ̵˲صʱ֪ԼлҪϡ
ֻǿһĽ֮󣬸Լĸʹһ֮Լɿĳš
үһεû˵ʲôֻޱһֽдˡϹ롱֣ǿ
˲֪Щȴ֪Ϲݵġ
Ȼڿֵʱ򣬴ٴοĽ߾Ѿ˱仯
Ľ˿ǵ˼ֻǰүӷӣ˾Ÿ롣
һΣϢؿĽĶһ淭졣
ֱʣ
ǰ֮ǰôû뵽أܹˣͽܻ˭һǲִˣ

ҽԱֹţĽʱȫעǰĽϡ
֮ǰһ̣кɫĶ˳ܲ˼顣
ҲĽеĽ붼ʱŶ˽Ѿ顣
Ľ˿ˮЩɺ״ĶһȻڸүӷԼոĵط
ͷ
ǸҲаɣ
ϸСףȷܹҵõ
Ľû˵ֻ˰ѣүӵ巭˹
ҿүӵ̲֮סһ
ողͣĽļҽʱҲ˵
⡭
ֻүӵϣʱѾ˲ٺɫİ߿飬಻٣þǾſ顣
˼ǲǼѧҽǵĻͦġ
Щ߿ڵλӣþĽոĵطң⼸߿Եľ
Ŷ
ھҵҵذеĶȫ˶Էϡ
ĽʱҲûš
һҪĲλҪŶ
Ǿͷ
ȷж٣ǲһһ
´ҶѾĽϹͽܣĽҲˡ𡱵ľѧɲҵġ
УҼͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⣬ҪС
Ȼүʹˣзգĸзա
һãʱʲô飬ô죿
ֻصԭ㡣
Ҫƻѡ񼤽Ʒ⡣
ĽĴ𰸺ܼ򵥡
Ȼû취ѡĻѡ񲻾ˣ
ҿĽڿһɵӡ
˿ѹĻҪǸ
ƫƫĽ໹ˣ
ϰ˵ңĽոȥҸһٷʢͣ˵ĳ֮ڵŲүӵĲ
棬ҽźзԵʡ
ϾĽ泴˵ζ̫Ũˣڳǰİײʲôģ;е֡
ͬ־Ҳ̫ˣ֪СϵǸŪԣ˼ҳĶе̫˰ɣ
ߣҿǵ˼⣬д⣡
ү
˵ʱô
Ҳ˵ⷹ˲ԼģԼģ˼ĽСĹͣҲȸ˼ҳ԰
ҲǼ۵ʱ򣬴ѾһƵĿ
һԾһһ˵۹ⶼ˹ȥ
үӣ
ͬ־

ɫЩ԰׵ү۾ǵ۾һܣŰĽϡ
Сͬ־ǡ
Ľ򵥽һ£ǵĽԼҶӵ֮ĻԻ
ȻүӱҪ֪öö࣡
ŶϹͽܣ֪ģ֪ģҽҲǸ̳״ԪһڱֽϵǱд˶ԹĽû뵽Ȼʱˣ⻹Ǻηη
ĽҲЩȶԷ֪Լ
ʱȻ˵ЩʱϰүӵԼǡ				

512ٲûϷ

үӶһ£Լû뵽ԼµľȻôͻȻҲû뵽Ȼж
Ҽˡ
ıʾûи֪ʱڽԵС
үӵͷ
ȻѾѡͼȥɣ
Ľ࣬ѯʶԷܸܲһʱ䣬ҪһЩ顣
ԣʱ䲻ܳСʱ
Ľ˵ֱ֮ӱԱߵķûãҲ˽ȥ滹ż顣
үӵģרҴ
ĽЦЦ
Ļġ
﷦ζСʱĽôп﷦ζĹԭ鼮
ڹԱŶ̲סһͷ
վ߰ȦʱĽڰ
ʮӣھǷ궼ûá
ڰ˰ԼԴ
˵˭үµĶ
үߵרҽĻܣ
үѾмʮˣҪ¶ĻܿѾ¶ˡ
ʱ˵
ΪĽԼҲûͨ
үϵֶأǱģǵ͸涾صĽ档
룬ȥһ£鵱ôָġڽʱȥҹʦڣͳûʲô𣡡
飿
ɫһ䡣
͹йأ
ʵЩ飬û뵽Ҳˣ뵽Ļһ
룬ǵ𣬻֮ǰЩרѧ߱Ϯֻүӱ¶ֳ֡
ԣĺйô
ĽڵĻɣҲ̲סĿࡣ
˵үжʱ򣬹Ҳڣ
ţڵġ͹͹ϵȽϺãӦ֪ͻһСɣ
ţǸСҲûô
ǵģһҲһ񣬳ɹ֮үԼֵҲһ֮ǰ飬ڶүӾ͵ˣ
üͷ塣
Ļᱻ˲߷ô
Ľһֱϲ飬ǰΪͣΪˡ
ȥһ£ϾŹκһֿܣͬʱҲҪŹκһ
ȻҪȥģڡ
ͬʱ
ڸ۳ǵĹͽӵ˹ڼĹļš
ƽһѻƴдƾŸ˶ԷԼ⼸ŵԼ칫
ûѾа칫ҵˡ
ιϴϰӵżֱӸǷ˰٣˵һλ᲻Ҳһģ
Ҳϣż٣ֻҪǷС

ʱİ칫ȴš
һıϲǣƽʱһֻ˵һЩƽʱȤ£һԼĽҲû̫Զĸо
ң棬òѯʹû̸ŮѣǵõʱһҪСؼǺúơ
ǴȤһǹͶȴ쳣ᡣ
аû취˵ڵĸо͸ˣ
Ľ֮ ˹ںдġ
Сһдֿܱ֮ǰ˲٣ʹȻǲһġ
壬ǽȥͽѧˡѧУôƯ˻ܶܶģЩƯһǽȥѧУʱ򣬺ö˶ǣǸŽ㡣ҾǶϲ㡣ҲǣҽôƯϲ˺ܶӦú԰ɹ壿
дġ
ֻҪ뵽軰˵ݣ΢Բһ£Լ޲ԭرը
֪Ľ㣬ǳ㣬һ˵ע⡣
ΪʲôҪĽȥôƯ·ȥô߼ĻױƷ
ô
ĽôƯûлʹߣ·˲Ҫô죿
;ԲϣԼڳԴס
дĶͱȽƫˡ
壬ʲôʱҶˡٲĻ㶼ҪˣңҸ˵ͽѧʱ򣬽ѧУһúܺÿĴһֱ׷Ž㲻šԱߵķ˵Ǹϲ㣬ͽѡԹ壬һĻܾûϷˣ
֮ڻµдһЩС飬͹һСлǻõСո·ֱ絥СռҵСʯͷԽԽ񣬴Ҷ˵ֵܵȵȡ
Щȴ˿ùͿ
۶ֻй˵ǰ仰ԼٲȥĽҪǱ˵ˡ
ƾһһ쵽겻ģײǱģһĽǱ߳ʲô⡣
ܼô
ĬĬؿ˻ƾһۡ
ѾǱ˵ˣܲô
˵ڻعô				

513

ƾŹ͵ڿһӡ
˵Ҫع֪֪˵ʲô죬йĴ˵飬˵Ҫع
ҲҪԣĽڹڣʵǡ
̫ˣ
ͣ侲һ֪˼Һγ롭ӦŪʲôҪô
ԭһССļӹѾעһĵӹ˾ⶼһʱŬĳɹ
ģͬ־ͻСʲôġңǻҪѧϰҽô˵ҽѧϰҪ˶༸꣬µʱҪ飬ҲúüꡣʱǾͿԻȥˣ
ص³һ̧ͷŬسŻƾЦЦļ
лл
ˣǻƾüͷû
Աĵߵ˻ƾߣСѯʻƾڹг̡
ег̽춼ʱ˰ɣУû¶Ļ첻Ҫȥҹ˾
ɿ˸֮󣬻ȥԼλ
ͳ˧ǮòΪ˻˾治Ů˶Թ͸߿һۣƯƯڹǰתơ
ǹһ۶ûпǣ棬ЩŮ˾ͺͿһ
˲֪ȴ
ڹһϵܺõŮѡ
ÿһιͽӵڵţ鶼þá
ǣǲż٣һ
żٵǼ죬ǹʹɹʱŮõģ·ЬӣױƷֻ벻ûġ
Ͷ½ǸС̫ˣõԼԹûм˼Ҳ̲סһ컵˼
ԣһι˾ôѿΪ½ǸС㳳ˣǷˣ
һոջ˵Ҫ춼ҪȥǲǴţһε飬ĺأ
ҧŴ.꣬в߻Сžš
Ȼڶһ磬ûڹ˾͡
ƾ˵ˣȴһ䣬ѹ
ʱ׳롣
°ֱ֮ȥ̵˲ٶһ·ϵ˹סĵط
˺þõţŴ춯
ȻڹʹһҾӷͷ˳
ô㰡
ԭΪĻǻƾû뵽ҹľȻԼС
СǺͰ͵ıʾԼǱƾģʲô顣
Цһ
Լʲô飬ֻһʱ֮벻ѣѾ˲ˣܲҵǣðˡ
ԬҲ˹͸ð飬æ׷ʹûгҩùϴţԼ¥ҩ
ԭԼҩֿͦһ¾͹ȥˣû뵽һȽԬʱȴ̬֡
ǹ˾ʲôĻ˾ôô죿ҹǹ⹫˾ģðˣӰô죿
û˵ˣϾֲܱ֤ԼʱðһԺá
Ԭ¥ҩ˲ٲ˺ף˳Ϳʼ
ֻСᣬСҲûֶԿܼ򵥵Ļȴɻѧʵֳ
ͿЦõİίĿ˵Сϳ˳ԼΧȹϵϣʼ³
ԬЩ˼ĸίΣǿŹᳵ·ӣͬʱָоܾ;ȡ
ôЩڵ˲ǶӦúܴͳ˼ҲǶ˵ʲôԶҳ𣿡
ͿԬһۣ̾Ϣһ
ԼԬн˾һΪԷıӰ̫ĽˣһҲΪֵһ֡
ദôãò˵˺֮ǲһģ±Ӱƣƣһǲһ
ΪʲôҪԶҳϺܳĳʦҲеģ˼ЩҪ
Ԭ˵ͷߵĳŹͷֺ֮ѯʹ͵ĳǲǸĸѧġ
Ȼ뵽ĽΪԼʱӣҡҡͷ
ǣǿ˼ʱ䳤ˣҲͻˣ
Ԭ໹Ǿúܲ˼飬СĸҲûѧѽ
һ˷ϣעһһһһЦͻ˵ʱŶΣŶٲˣ˵˳ʲôȫӡԺ
ͷŹĲˣָָԼԴ
һӰһͣתתȥܣ
ԬȻ뵽˹͵ڵŮѡ
۾ֱĶŹͣҪӹ͵ϿһĵĺۼϧûС
ԣ				

514¶Լ

Լ
һֱԼ˼еԬಢûзֹѾֽİĲȫˣ֮󣬸βѡ
Բ𰡹ԭҪչģȴˣ̫˼ˣ
ҡҡͷݹȥһ˫ԬԷҪ̫ࡣ
ԬԭΪĺԼ࣬ȴû뵽ķĺܺóԣܿɿڡ
߸ߵĳŹ˴Ĵָ
ĺҰĻóԣһȥ֮Ҫúѧѧ˲С
ȴǿЦ
˲ʮ֮һԵĲ˵ĻͲ˵ˣ
ԬҲ̲סˣϵЦ
װѯʹǸ˭
ҵһֶŮС꣬ⷽϵڶû˸ϵһ
ԬݺݵһַɿĸһĨЦݡ
ԭֶֻŮѣ
ִ󵨵Ĳ²һ¡
ԣ֮ǰЩ·ʲôģҲҪ͸𣿡
ţ
ԬȻϲԭԼˣûá
ȴнˢĻơˢ룬ԬְѷӶɨһ飬ֻڿͷż鼮֮Щȡ
ⲻǿα𣿡
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ţ
Ԭһ̾
ĺĻһôŬ
Ͼ͵ķʷǹ˾Ѿһܣ˭֪Ǵ½ģҲ֪֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ǶʱڼôһǮ˾ԽԽ׬ǮҲԽԽ࣬˭ʱиǹ;Ȼڿ飬ʵԼ
ɿЦ
飬׷ĽŲ飬ԶֻվıĬĬĿ
ԬЩɲ
˵⻰е̫˰ɣ˱㻹𣿡
۳ǺܶǮˣ׬Ǯٶȶû
Ϳ죬ȴԷƱ
ûûУʱԶһУǰһɽұҪȥܵߣ
ܻȥڲܡ
ԬüŹͣ˵ˡ
ܺ棬ܹˣ˭ֳʲôӣ
ڹ˾棬òŻƾ
˶һģӦҲ˵Ǹ˰ɣ
ƾԬĽ֮ʶ˵Ǹ˾Ľ࣬ĿԬһۡ
֪Ϊʲôôѡô೤ñƯڵˣͻ뵽𣿡
Ԭֵҡҡͷ
ƾĿڡ
Ϊ˵Ǹˣøл
Ϊ첢֪ԼǸ֮ʲôԨԴȴס˽ⷬ
Ľ˿֪ԼѾ˸۳ǣҲ֪иСڴʱѾʱר־İеĽ룬һһүӵͷϡ
ΪԷһүͷϵͷѾˣһ룬ͷ˿ϸͷϣһ˵һ
ĽеĽ룬ۿЩ뿪֮¿ʼĽŷһֱŵһġ
һֱЩɫҺӽβʱ򣬴ŵһ
ѾԲ
ֻǿЩҺɫǺЩӦòǺزŶԣ
Сʱ֮ĽеĽ룬ְ֮ǰŪõҩүӵͷϣ˴󹦸ɡ
үӻ۾ֻøոʹԴƺ˲١Ҳͷϱҩ࣬ľ˲١
˾񣬲
Ľֿ˷ӣȥҩҩҪǶš
ĽԭҪؼңȴſڵľסˣүӵǱȽƽ⣬װ˵þֱӰĽͻȥ
ռû뵽ĽྐྵȻҹһּĽվŵԱó¶ˡ
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ڸ͸Ľ࣬Ϊʲô
Ľ಻˵Ҳ²
ȵڶ˵ʾԼȥѧУѧһ
ϾѧĻʾֻһС¶ѡ
ҵĽ˵һռңһĽȥѧУ
˭
ȥѧУ·ϣһֱĽ˺Ȼɫһ䣬ֱӳ˴
ĽڿԷʱ̲ס˱顣
ͣͣ£ԼˣԼˣ				

515¸Ҷô

Ҷô
Ҳȭͷ̲סôĽ࣬ô¶
ǲΪˣ֮ǰҲµıûм߶ôλ
Ľ̾Ϣһ
㣬ֲǲ֪ҵҲǸһˡֻģҲĵѡ
ԱʱҲȻ뵽ʲô֣µĸྴ˸ָ֤Լһ˺Ľ࣬úõı
ŵͷߵʱ򣬻ǽĽ࣬ʲôĻһҪ
㣬ģҸ㹤أôдڼ
飬ĽԽԼ֮ǰ뷨ǶԵġ
зһڣԼҲһ㡣
Ľû뵽ǣԼոջѧУͱ˽н˰칫ҡ
ͬѧ飬ǲҪúøҽһ£
īȾüͷ壬ȻЩ
ĽȴǺ棬ʲô飿
ѵԷ֪Լȥ˿ˣ
ĽⷬٶīȾڹƱ硣
֪ҪˣУô˶飬ҺúŪ𣿡
ĽīȾֱҩɾȡ
ʦҪϿˣʲô͸Ͻ˵ûµĻھҪȥϿΣ
ĽתͷҪߣȴīȾסˡ
Ľ࣬㲻Ҫ̫֣㲻ҪҶķݣһٶսҵĵߣ
ͬѧǿڶഫǾ仰֮īȾһ綼ûʲô˼飬һ϶û˯
벻ͨԼõˣΪʲôȻ
ĽīȾ
ݣߣԲʦҲ֪ˣҲ֪ʲô鴥ĵߣңʦӦֻҵʦ𣿡
īȾһӣŭĴ
Ľֱ̫࣬ˣʦȻҪ顣ѧϰҲãĸƷҲգӦùķ룡
ſڣһֱŵľȻĽǰ
ͬ־Ҫæ𣿡
Ľ೯ŶԷҡҡͷ
ãлл
īȾ֮ǰΪ˽Ľ࣬ԵĽ
ѧУĵдĽﶼͨˡ
Ϊͨ˼ҺӵĽ࣬ôܴžѧУأ
ҵѣҴѧУιѧϰһѵ𣿡
īȾڵһǺ
ĽڽƱ硣
Լ˼ġԼеߵֱҾͲұ˵ġʦΪһʦű˵ܹҡһأЩ飬߷ҪԾأ
īȾûЩ飬ʶҡͷ
㲻ģ
ĽЦһ
ƾʲô˵Ҳ᣿ˣ㸺ܸ𣿶˵˳ɻʦ
Ļʲôʦ
ĽŤͷ뿪˰칫ңһ˪
ֲýһ·˶ڶָָ㣬ȴԭ뿪ʱѧУ
ľûΣĽĿαһѧУĽĵ
Ľ࣬㾹Ȼ
¶¶Ľ࣬ʶ˹ȥ䳰ȷ
ڿĽŵģžװ֮зɿ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
˺Ĳһôͻ𣿡
˵ʱ򣬳¶İ8ȣΧеͬѧܹõ
ĽޱĿһۡ
йϵ𣿡
Ȼûϵⲻǹͬѧ
¶¶ĽˣЦеĳŶԷ߹ȥԷ֡
λͬ־ǳ¶¶Ľͬѧһѡ˵Ľһ뿪뿪ģ֪𣿡
ʵ¶¶ѾĽˡ
ǰѧɨѧУݵʱ򣬲ķĽĵ
дĽ಻ֻһɽСЩװģЩСƤЬǴģƯķõĻױƷ
Щĸ׶øòã
ԣѾȷˣĽֺ˾ˡ
ĽྐྵȻҡڵش˹Ȼúú˵˵
ĽŵľԱ̲סתͷĽ࣬Ŀ¶ѯʡ
ĽڰͷʾԷùܳ¶¶
Ľû뵽ǣ¶¶ҪŹֱӰ
ôż߸ǲ̫ˡҸҶŰ
ţ
Ľ̲סתͷźĳ¶¶˹ȥǹЦ
ţҪţҲƾʵݰɣ˵ˣʲôϵƾʲôҪţ
¶¶˿û뵽ԷȻȻ۾һ
Ľ࣬Լϵġʦ㿴˰ɣ
Ľ̲סתͷһīȾʱվɫڣüͷ塣				

516Զﴫ¼

Զﴫ¼
Ľ̲סüͷ뵽Լոڰ칫īȾ֮ĶԻܷУҲܷꡣ
Ļ̌Ҫ뿪ʱīȾס˵Ҫȥ칫ú̸̸
ʦǺոմӰ칫Ҳ֮仹ʲô̸ġ
īȾһĽվŵˣɫ֮ǰһ
ԼˣƯвŻǻ۵Ůˣôпӣ
ߵҧҧ
Ŭ˵ԼΪһʦӦάԼѧʵ̫ˣ˲̫ࡣ
ȷߵĻԺᷢʲô飬ҲҸ㱣֤ңĽˣŮӵʤһС㿼ѧҲͦ׵ģ
ҪΪԼһʱ嶯Լǰ̡
ĽЦһ
飬ʾʤ
Щ˼ֱвɣ
˵ʲôʲôôһл֢һƴԼͷϸñӣ
ðʦһҪҿ
ˣˣ 
վԱߵľżæŵסĽ࣬ҪĽ಻Ҫ̫嶯
ʲô飬̸𣿡
ʦ˵ǶѧѧϰȽҪ
̸ʲôģĽ಻飬ĭҲˣʵ
¶¶˫ֻء
ĽĺѾߵͷ
ûʦΪĽౣݻĻΪ
ʲôӿɹ
浱ԼƯͿΪΪ
ͬ־ġΪĻһԹ۵ġ
˶Ȱ˵ĽʱֻĽŵվ˳ͦĽࡣ
뷨ܼ򵥡
Ľȥģ˵ĽһڣĽԼĽĹϵ˲֪Լȴĺܡ
Ľ˵Ļشʾ⡣
ϾԼҲΪ˸˿ķ粨ǰԼǺܻ顣
ľԱ߳ͷ챻Լקͺˡ
ѹĽԱߡ
Ľ࣬ô¶֪ܲеҲˣԿη֪̣һҲûж
ѶȣǶ²һ£ţ
ĽľֱҪ̫ڵġ
Щ˱յ̫ˣǵóԳԿͷŻ᳤ԣ
ʱˣĽ˽ʼнĿγ̡
ľԼҲпΣ뿪ߡ
ҲԼλϣɿߣ۾ǰԺͺ档
ĽܣתͷԼīȾ
ʦҪϿ𣿡
īȾɫڵֱӳ˽ңֱУ칫ңǰУ˵һ飬ֱӱԼĿ
ҾýߣҪóһ׼ȷ̬ȻѧУӰ̫ˡ
УǼĽģСﲻ顣
ʦǲٵһ£ҪϵĲԼѧѧƽҲԼĹںͶ󡣡
УԼмĽͺǸڽϿΣǸ˻˵Ľ
У££üģ˰֮˰ѽκ˹ȥ顣
ڶԷߵʱҲˣһҪŪࡣ
ĽĿγϵһ룬ͱ˽˳ȥ
ȥ˲īȾڣΪ˵Ĳж񻯵
ĽһҲ˲ڽ̨϶ԼŭĿӵʦҴҵһǸ첽תͷߡ
ãһ˸ո߳ңͼӭ
Ľκ͸īȾ
ͬѧѧУеҪ˽һ¡
Ľʶʾ֪ҪԼ˽ʲô
תͷڡ
顭
ϵͷʾ齻ԼþԱȴĽ뿪ѧУ
īȾζҪըˡ
Ľôô
ԼΪã
ͻð˭ͱԼ˵Ǵʲô˼ˡ
ͬѧȰ˼У
Ľֱ޿ˡ
޿̡̾
ʦҲȰ˼УҵرעҾбҪѧУӳһ£
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Ľ࣬ôҡ
īȾ˵ԼΪĽãȴĽֱѸٵĴ̸
ˣʲôΪҺãΪҺû᲻׵ˮﴫվڵµƸߵȰһͷǰΪҺû󻯣ΪҺãΪʲô
ﻹĽʲôɫһƬ
ǰһĽ໤ԼͳԼ֤ǰ˿
λͬ־ͬ־˵һУ쵼ѯλʦĽʦʸ񡣡				

517

ĽһԼ紦ѧУ顣
īȾǰֵˣȻһĨΣС
ǾĽλ뿪е̫֡
ңԷҪԼĽʸ
Ĳ˵˵ݣΪѧУĽ࣬һ˼ĻͲ
οɫѿڣٿĹ֤ϵı˱仯
ûмǴĻԼиԶܺҲλ˵Ϲսǹֵġ
϶Ȼ𾴡
˵֮ǰûеĹĽ飬µڣҲѧУƷѧŵѧǰϹսӢ֮ᷢʲô顣
·ˣҲӦõġ
ϾĽǺ顣
ڱǽеУ칫ңܿѧУ洫ˣѧУ洫ĸָʲôС
˵Ǹͷˣ˵ҪĽһ˵ִһӱͽУ칫ҡ
е˵Ų˷ˣڰ˺ݺݵһ٣ȥҽԺ
Ҳûкûģ൱һ˾ĽܹҵδָˣӦˣӦĽļˡ
һˣռѡ
ľţҪҪġ
Ľôˣ
ǸͲ֪Ľж
ҲͲ֪Ľж
ǧǮĺԺ˵򣬼Ǯ˵׾;ףˣ
ֻǣܹϸϸ˸ûкܶ࣬˶ſϷ̬ȫȻܸɵӰж
ҲҪͷĽģֶһȺˡ
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ŮӶĵطҲһ١
˵Ľˣһӭ˳һ޵š
СǸ̫ĺӣ˼ôʣȻȻЦˡ
ȻĽһ氡ӳ֮ѾþòˡһιĽ˺öأ
ǰ׾С
Ľô˵иѽʲôӵģֵ֣
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ͬѧɣҵܵӲ̫ã㲻Ҫܸ֡ܲĽȥĶˣĻܲܰǽнУ
֮ǰؼҾ˵ĽൽڳǮǰЩȥѧУ֮󣬼Ҵҵȥ˶һˣĶһ£Ƕ˲Ǯ
ֵһ£ȥˣ˸ϽһˣȻһѧУټֵü֮ˡ
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ŶһڽţĽû̫˵ҾҲ̫
СɫʱѾ
û뵽ԼŲո߼죬ĽѧУͳ顣
λͬѧܴܲȥһˣ
ľ׻̲סˣԱЩǿŵ̫ˡ
Ȼתͷ׼ǣŭذθ
ʲôÿģǲ˵ôôõǲҪ֪˺Ľ֮ĹϵôǲĻôѯʣ
ľĻո˵飬С׹ʲô顣
ǰһЩżشѯľ
λͬѧĽľ˾ˡ˾ˣС˾ˡܴܲȥˣĲǻˣǼ˵飬żˡ
ľݺݵһ
ԭ˾ˡǲҪż ϴǹȥ
ǹȥ񴦣ЩԵҲ˹ȥ
ǹȥڣҶһִ̬
ˣһȺҲȥһֱſڣҼġ
ľ˱֣ŽУ칫ҡ
ʱУ칫ҵͣľǽȥ͵ջһ¡
λͬѧǸ
ľϰԼ˳˵ǹĽе顣
ո˵Ľڽ񴦡
ľһ䣬ͼɳŵѾվ˹
ľһŷ֣ԷĶ󲢲Լ
磬ô
һҪ֪ôأҲ˵ǶһQѧһBSѧ翼ĶˣǾĽ
ڵ¶һĨЦ⡣ 				

518˾һ

ԭʶģ
˵˼Ľ˾ˣ˾ˣ˾˶Ǵѧ
ңQѧѧУƫزͬҲһѿȥѧУһӴѧô
СûشڵĻһܣֻڷʲô顣
ڻһܣɫѿīȾϡ
ûʲôֻСѡ
ҲС治СģĽѧУΪ壬ֶŮӦõģǰֵУ칫ҾͲ̫˰ɣ
ųСʵĻϵıЩΡ
ôˣ⼸˾Ľࡣ
ǸǲҪҲĽȥСæѡ
ˣﻹ׷ʲô飿
˼Ľľ˾ˣһĽ壬໥ʶģ⻹ʲô˵ģ
ľ
ǰЩϵ˵Ľ໵ˣһڨڨ˵ӣҪŹǣվУԱߵǸʦڿ˵ΪĽãɽأ
ûĲֵĻ黹ûôأҲֵ˾֪ĵز
λͬ־Ľ;˾ˣɣϾǿĽҲû٣
СͱȽϿ졣
ΪǼҴͱҪܶడҴʱҲżСأ
Ҳŵͷ
ĽҸĸĸŮȻýһ壬ʲô
ľ΢Ц൱⣬̧
ǽĽһǸأ
µľԱе飬ҪĽ࣬Ľ顣ʲôô
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Цһ
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СҲԱ߰ǻ
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ľ˵ʱ򣬳СѾ֪˼ʱľʦѣСüͷһīȾô¶
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Ͼ֮ǰԼϵؾĽǿ˵ˣҲûĽͣûȥ֤ģͰе鶼ƵĽͷϡ
УӣֻܳԲ
һԼ˺ܴĴʦһ߻һϵͳĸ̳ԼҲΪѡ
ܹ»СС»ˣò顣
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īȾУ仰ʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽˳¶¶
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ԼĽ˼ĽʧеҪĽࡰаԲôһ
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УԵѯīȾô¶Ϊʲô˵ˣ
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УԭҪīȾժģīȾԼ⣬˵ʲô
ǳС岢ôˣĽЩȻѾѧУ洫ˣֻǵǸô
УȴóСЩôߡ
λͬ־ʦѾˡ
ϾԺҪһӸīȾܵӰġ
ˣ͹ˣǼĽһСﱻŪûǻˣ赭д˵һǸˣ
ĽǵıԼ滤Ŷأ˼ίôס
Уͱˣ
䣬һɼͻƯСѾڹϴͷҽ֮䣬ȻȻ˺һˡ
īȾȻмУάȷԼԲסĽ࣬ʾĽʲôҪĻԾ㡣
ֻϧĽʲôȱ
ΨһȱٵģѧϰĻѡ
ԣСȷīȾǹϳƴֱ֮ҪĽμ
ֱ֣Ǻ֣
īȾ߻ûеͷУӡ 				

519ǿ

СҲŵͷ
˭˵أǺֵĻһʦôѧЦ˵ǲʦ
īȾͷ
ĽһС˼˵ѧУѧȥٴʵϰҲǺܾ飬Ψһһ㲻ͬĽСѡ
Уȴ쿪ۡ
УŭزǵʱȻɧ֮
תͷ濴˹ȥͼһһɫµŮ˴ī˽
ӴǶأ
СһƣĶˡ
УȴüŸո߽Ļ֦չŮˣɫѿ
λͬ־˭ƺûɣ 
Сգգ۾һ֮ڵͷϡ
ȳСǣڵ۶ôȽ϶ࡣ
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ڻû˵ľԼȿ˿ڣԼذѸոյ鲻ͲӴ׵˵һ顣
Ȼ֪ǰʱƴ󿪵Ů˭֪ĽߵľС
С̲֮ס͡һЦ˳
ָָǰںͳСǣЩЦ
ǵ۾ôҲǼˣĽܿ˭˵ԼҸŮϵȫµҸŮϵСĽҲᡣ
УԭһϷ⽨֦չС;òһˣСĻ֮Сȥ
СЩţգգ۾ЩЦָԼ
УȷҪϳȥ
ǣѧУӭˡ
Сͷ
˽˽⣡
ʹӦֿ֮ˡ
ոջعþûԼķˣȥĽúôһ٣Ҫһô
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ĽҡҡͷʾԼֻһѧ
ҶĽѧЩԾĽѧУ֮󣬼
ԭĽȻѵͽܣȥˣô˵Ҳðæչһ
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Ľ൭ƳСһۣεһҡͷ
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ʱͼסңһôһ⣬δΪ顣
㸸ôˣ
СʱҲ˵ˡ
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ɵҡҡͷ
ʱû˸Ҷ˵ɹļǰٷ֮ʮҸ׻ڲţҽеά
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Ȼ»ȥ⣬һ˶ڡءϵеĺҲĻ
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ʱһȥѧУͬĿĴϳҲʱ䡣
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528Ҫлһ

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529ʵҲûɶ

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մ壬ֻҪһ仰ҹȥΪñ𡣡

ԭҲһȿĶ̲֮סЦ
춼ȥǼҳԷȥ;ƣҶԵ
Ŵ.Цŵͷ
Ҷѯʾʲô飬һ֡
Ҳûʲô¶ĽôԸ˼д˼׸裬˼ѡ֮ǰرϲʲôҺҵʲôáдġⲻǰѧУҪΪ˱ԼĸлѧУдУ衣
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Ǵ峤Ů
峤ŮˣǴ峤Ǹˣ
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530ȥ۶

صĳҲ˵Ŵһһĸл˳ֻ۵ġ
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ǺǣȥĶЩȻҪȥµظɻأ˭һǧСÿֻҪڼɨɨأղУ
·ڴýĻҲ̲סˡ
һֶ֮ͨӵЦ
㣬ﻹûиɣǸŮ㲻Ҫ˵ǸŮĴֶŮˡ˵۶Ĵѧ˼һд˺ö衣㲻ǺϲǸҺҵôֶŮдġ
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ĳĲһļ޹ȥ߶ôҵ׶ˣŮ˱˼ҵģӼţɷˡ
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Щţ·ûҪƭ
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˳ϴʱҲһĨЦ⡣
ֻǴ峤˵һ϶
Ҷֻ֪ô賣ȴûΪʲôô۰Ůڵ᲻һָĵز
ҪʲôǾ͸ʲôֻҪԼܹŪõ
Ϊʱûнʱ·ϼӣ滹һš
ҲΪʱ˻飬֮ͽԼˣ̥
ܿ˶ĿǣɹѺӾˡ
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Ϊ˱ԼǸĻ֮˵ĸлԽ֮üӶûҪ˾ί˳
ҲʱȥǸˡ
Ҳ˵ͳ˳ȥ۶۶ǱߵĽԼ顣
ɵ¸׵ĲˣƷԼ̫ͨ
ѧУѧĺܶණҲֻһЩƤëѣʵʵĶһܱȡ
ɵҿҪϵ˻ҿԸ㱣֤ǶԲĻ׻ָĿܴﵽٷ֮ʮ
ϲǫ顣
ĽԼ˵İٷ֮ʮѾпܹﵽٷ֮ʮϡ
°ɵ²֪ܹﵽٷ֮ʮĳɹѾϲˡ
ãõģҪϵ˭ҪҰϵô
ҡҡͷʾҪ
һ㣬úͰɵ˵
Ҳ˵֮ǰרһһο­ǣ;һ¹ʣиרѧ߳˵顣ҺоգԱ֤ǵİȫӦòΪɣ
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ֻҪܹκøףĶ⡣
Ľ㶨˰ɵֱ֮ȥУ
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У֮ǰѾ֪ĽҲȻĽǼҽѧרң ĽĻ֮˼
мѧУʦ֣ƽƷҲĲⷽҲٮٮߡǱȱȱ֣
У˿üͱĽ໹Ҫ˹ȥĽʦʲôãϾĽڿԺЩרѧֱӶԻˡ
ǻﲻ̶ֳȡ
ĽͷⲢʲô¶
ҾӦѹһУܲ鷳á
Уһ̵ĳš
ã·硣
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ѧУŲ涼ͦõģΨһһ㲻þԼĽ̫Զˣûٻһ
ټϣĽרҵѧ֣ԼҪæϼ
Ҳû¶Ҫ㡣ҪȥMȻȱһ룬ҪҪȥԿ
ľ۾һ
ѧϰԵģûûңһ·ߡ
οĽѻ˵úԼѧȥЩ˵ӢҵĻһʱ䣬úܶࡣ
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˵ദ״̬ԾҲ˵ӢҲ˵Ӣǻ˴˶˴˵Ӣ
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ԣԼֻΪ˰ԼһѶѡ
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ľҡͷ
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ͬѧҪǵãȵ֮Թҿ̫ĻѧУҲȰ˴ġ
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УС˵رı뿪̲סҡҡͷ
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ռҲһ
ʱĳ֤ð죬ĸڵģոȴĴúܡ
ЩͲùˣСռȻľȥȻæġУľСһҪС鷳࿴һѵõĻᡣ
ĸЩεķ˸ۡ
ˣֹЩʲôأﲻ֪˵ĻҲڵǱߵͳԷСʲʺϣʲӦѡ
裬Ĳôġ˶ഩ㣬ٴ㣬ڳԷĽڣһôķ˱ȹ绹óԺòã
ĸŮһԴȴЦ⡣
ȥġ㻹֪簡˵ľ͸Թһ
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Ľ˵һǧһմɵġ
ڻƴһӾĸһֻĽԵĺȵõϰϰߣ治
۵ĸĽ΢ЦЦɡ
ǰڴ飬񶼱ʵĽ໹ڿʲôأ
ĵůĽһȹһ£´һ˫С߸ƤЬƯ
ľҲԼĸ׺úÒһ˱ȻСվһȺ˶棬ôôϲ
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ɲôǸСһ˫Ьӣϴ̵濴ûٿǮһ¹ʲŶ٣
˼ǮѵǵϴǸֽ˵ĽࣿдǸЩ裬öǮأ
дƨã˼ȥ˿أ
˵ˣ˵ˣУСվ̨õģ͸УǾ͵ʶ۾ˣ

˶УŵģԭǾ־򣬱ˡ
˴һֹֻһ۾źۼĽΧͱļǻ
ոտûǰžװǸƺţǾģһǱȽţƵֳƣ˿ò
һλͬ־ηСĸף֮ǰʦμӾʱһʲôг
һȺˣǸˡ
Ǿǰѹȫ˼ңҲ˵Ĳƽ
ʲôУǣ붥ѹͷǰ壬ײͷѪҲһͷĻᡣ
ڣĽľ˼ˣ˷ɻ
Сͬʱݺݵһ ֲԼͬĿ˶Էһۡ
ʱһЦ˳
ľ֡
ͬѧա
ĽЦŵͷȻеһֺصĶݸľ
ͬѧδҪϤĶѯʰɵ¡ǳԸġ
ⷬӢ˵ġ
ɵ¿һľеĹҽƷӢʵ䣬̲סЦŵͷ
֮
Ľǵ󣬶ǲԶһĽйϵˡ
Ǯвζû뵽ԼȻһܹĴɻ
Ȼ֮ǰҲû뵽ԼһżĺԺķϺ֤ȥдԪ
񣬲̶һµʱ䣬Ҫˣ
ǱѾʼĬĬŴͷʵľٴԼգֺʹ֮صͷóԼ֮ǰ׼õСӿʼӲ
СдĶӢĳûĽģ˵ռҵСѧӢõĶ
ɱˣǴȵԼѧ֮ͻؼԼޡ
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532һ

Ҹո˷ɻŽͱǰһĻ𾪡
Ͼܶ໹Сƽ¥֮٣͹ĸ¥γĶԱȡ
ǮвžԼ۾ˡ
ֱ̫ˣԼҪĶ࣡
붼ûģ
¾ԼҲͦмʶľҲЩ𺳡
ɵ¿ŴҵķӦ滹ЩԺظҽܡ
ʦ
ɵϲʱ򣬾ͼޱ飬ûһ
գѵô
Ͼڻ˰¿ʮ죬ߵĴ̫ˡ
ĽƳ˰ɵһۣƳһЩĽĴҡ
ʲô𺳵ģ㲻ȥôѵͲˣǹǧʷǹأǰYֳز˵Ŷս֮ſʼԼǹκһóǡңԼֶûУȴ˵𺳣
ֻƾԼսʱ۵սƿʼңǶԲһѡȴһееĹҡֻڷչһ·ѡţǵС׼ӲǹԸɵеĵˣδķչһǻҪá
Ľ˵ּֿ죬ҶǴӢľòô
Ҳ֪ĽάԼĹңάǵϡ
Ǹ뿪֮ǰ˵һ߳˹ţǴľͲԼǱĹҺ塣
ԼνǹҺϲַ
Ȼոհɵ˵Ҳ㲻ַֻǻŻҫѡ
ľЦЦΪĽǸ
ɵĽ˵ĻҪ⡣˵еֱӣûдһ׸裬ֽСҺҵڸ棬дһ仰ҵң񺣺˻һ䡣Ǻĳӣ˵СǵĸһǻһСӲĸ󣬹Ӽƶ»ٲã˵Ҳůĸ塣
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˵ģȴʧҵķǣöԷ˵
Ľ޵ĵطľһĴָ
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ոյĽ鵹Ƿ˲١
ҺڼһͨȻոһԼò
ֻǣĽΪʲôȻʱ԰ɵ·ѣ
ⲢĽķ
ܿ죬֪ĽĿġ
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Ľ֮ǰѾϳ˶Է߹ȥԷָ֣֮ܡ
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ԼʱҲܹһѰԼĳɾͲֹڴ˰ɣ
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ĽոյΪ˿ֱһ˼
㿴Ҿ˵бɣͦġ
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ĽţƣԼ˼ˡ
һ˰ɵΪĽ׼ľƵס¡
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ΪֻΪô
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ȻСһθȴұҵʦ֣ûǿҵôʵǵǸ¶ֻ鷳ѡңһԸ·һҲҪðɵ¶Ҷѡ
ٵʱ䲢кܶҪԸûǸMʱǶǶ¡
ǾԼһбˣǸɴԼıǸԼæֻǲҪԼ鷳С
ڰɵ£Ҫðɵ·չԼĲҵȻҪʾһ				

533Ľ

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ĽЦЦû˵ֻǴߴľϴȻʱ
أ
еҪ죬û¶Լ֪Լڸġ
Ľڰ֣ƽԡ棬Լ˾Ƶĵ绰ǸҹҹԼͷѾμĵĵ绰롣
绰ǱߴϤġཡĽֻоԼһѾɤ۶
ڣ绰˽
ֻĽԼû˵Ǳ߾һϤӢı˳
ĽϵЦһ˲佩Ӳ˴ǡ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰСعʱ˵ģǸŮ顣
ǵõʱС˵Ļ
ʲôŮ׷иɴʲôɿŵĹȣ˻ܿһ˵ĺӶˡ
һ˽ԼŵĻͲŬԼҪ̫ࡣ
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Էû뵽˵ľȻһλ˵ǻԲŮˣĬ֮̽ѯǲС㡣
Ľüͷ
С룬ԼΪһŮӣʱҲ.еĲԷΪһԣƺеˡ
ԲǲС㲢ûаϵڣҺ͹ô
ĽЩ
ڹͰһСߣСԽΪ
ܽһ䣬žǼʡ
Ů˼ǿµġ
ԷҲû뵽߾ȻӲ˵һ֮˵ĽԵһ
绰Ǳߴ˺ĽŲžһСЩίĵǸ
ֵֻǸǵǸŮ֮Ż˵Լί
ĽමȻͷ
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󡣡
Ȼ󣬡žһ¹Ҷ˵绰
ԭûзϣ֮ǰڹⲻСļС֮󣬸ûмĻŮˡ
ǰͺһȥμᣬΪʶ˴绰Լأ
绰Է֮󣬹ɫһ䡣
磿ɣιιι
ǹ͵ܼǵһ
䣬Ӣ﷢ѧϰӢʱ򣬾ǸĽѧģ
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û취ϵа취ϵҲϵ
ΪͲ֪ԼдһͻأżĽ࿴֮ʲôķӦ
ǲǶԼԼ
飬;鶼Щ̫ģοһСԼ㺣
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MԼ˵绰
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ڣȥոյһͨ绰ģܻʲôĴۣظҲ鵽
ԼҲһ£һĹͣЩڰѯʡ
ո˵Ľ࣬ǸֶŮ
˵ЩʱüЦġ
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ʹĽһţΪЩƣЩ淨ܹĽȴ
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ȻС֪Լboss֭Ų֪ģոյ绰Сǹ͵ĴֶŮƺҲû֮ǰľ֮ġ
ȥ·ϿʼԼոڵ绰û˵ʲô
뵽˸ոյ绰ǸСӲ˼ŶԷǲǲϲԼ
ԺԼǲҪС¸һ£
СϲĶŶأ
ʱĽҶϵ绰֮šüģЩŭ˴ϡ
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ԼһôϲԴ׵ˣԼһСһеϲŭֶΧŶԷС
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ȵľϴͼĽڴϣ·˼
ôˣ
Ľ࿴ľһۣ۾д̽
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ûʲôֻǺȻ뵽ҵ֮ûϵ֮ǰǼרѧߣȴ绰
ľգգ۾һ±ơ
ѵĽոյһͨ绰ǸǴô
»ǰյĽʼڵ֪ĽҪM֮ϲ
ԼĽȹһΣǼʶĽļĽܸȤ
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Ľ»ѯĸƵ꣬ϹʱĽЦõرʾˡ
ĲáǾˡǱѧ˵иطĿǻһŻշǹٰѾԻ
˵»Ȼ뵽֮ǰڻԵĺóԵʳڰѯĽԲ԰Լ
֮Զٶԡ				

534ҵһ

»̵ĹҶ˵绰תͷһͷˮԼıѧǣ˱顣
Ҹ
˵֮һ̬Цˡ
ȹҿԴȥҾ˵Ǹ顣ϼֱϵľ
Ҳð»еĶʲôãϾʵҵҽѧΪҪ
Ľ֮д˼绰ȷרҺ漸Թ֮ŷһġ
ϴ裬˯ʱһֱ˵ڶϡ
ҼꤵȥԷķ˲ţžɳ
ҵ죬ﶼ
ǮвŴԼǰһɳһ
ٿ˴ǰһţ⣬ûô
ôðֱܲ԰ɣ
ĽʦֲмؿǮвһۡ
㻹УͶ涼ã
ǰȻ˰ѷֱͽ㷿䣬ֱųԶУȻﶪˡ
Ǯвڨڨطеĵ棬ҲǣҲǡ
ԼҲöˣȴĶˣǾԼΪĽˣĽඪˡ
Ǹͬ־ҪȻҡ
Ľɫ䣬ؿŸո˵ʦ֡
ʼͷ˿Լֹ񲻶ԣ֮ǰԭҲҪôǣû뵽ǲҸԼ鷳ȴŲ˵ϡ
㲻ҪߣҪߵǡ
Ľ߿ţʦЩ̫
ʦãǸ
ǰû˵ʲôֻǿЦѡ
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һܣȴǰ⼸Լʶ
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ЩɵؿŹ͡
ܣͲǶԼţô
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һֱĽĹ濩һȻ֪ĽΪʲôãԣ仰˵⡣
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СѾʼ˵ճλҲֻʱѡ
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ĽҼ򵥽һ£ҲǴ˸ոյĽ֡
ЦŸҴкĿڼԹǮвŵϡ
ոĽĽܺȤ
˶ԼݣֻûС
ɫѯǹĿģԼȴֽذĽǰ˹ȥϸظĽţ֮µݸ
ʵߵķ˲̫óԣûĺóԡ裬ҾԸ
ͲؿĽ࣬۵ȴŨŨ繵Ц⡣
ĽҲȥҴ뷨ֻǲɫسԼǰţţϡšһ
ʦɫЩÿϾոհչ͵ĵʹ÷õĻ治ԡ
ǮвžԼĽˣĽ壬Ƕһˡ
һ˲̫
ϾÿȥռҵʱռҲûиԼ
ͬ־⵶ôõİǲãûϼҵĿӺá˵Ĳͬ־ȷóԡ
üͷһԶԷʶ
ԹĽķˣĽˣ
ЦЦ
ӢͬҲôõġ㲻ϲõĻֱÿӣϾôһM˭ʶ˭ΪװƣҲ
ľͶЦˡ
ϾϸոĽĻɲ˵ʦװô
Ȼɫֱˡ
ĽǼ˵ʱмֵѾᾫӢĹʱȴûôĵ
֪˼ڷǣҲҿڡ
οֻ֮ʧ
ܿ죬Ԭˡ				

535ŮѰ

ԬϴŹʽЦݣ˿ոձŭʱΡ
ܣ͡
ţŶ˹ǲûзڹǰԱߣԼԹԵ˵ţš
ǰ鲢ûзҲǹ˾̫࣬ڸ˽ʱ򣬻ĬԬ
Ŀ֮£Ľע£ôоԬ̫ڶ¶
ԼûֻǲţţҪô
Ԭһ㶣ʶͣеĶһӲЩš
û뵽ͻôǰԼӡ
ʵҲûʲô˼ҪĽǰһѣܹĽ࿴ԼԹ͵չ˺ģ˵ܹùͶԼ
û뵽ȴ˷Ч
ôţСԽԽίģۿֱӺˡ
Ľţ˵ֻޱĳǰ߲ɳ
ڹ͸кõţţԬֲҪΪţŵʱѾû˰θڡ
ֻҪͿΪŮ̲סθ
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ùͼֱһеĴϲĽ࣬ΪʲôҪĽôãöСĴ֮󣬻ҪŮҫ
λŮѰɣŮѹϵáڴһ۲͵ʱ˴ǲеˣλҪĻܻܲطϾһ˷Ҫأ
ľɴЦ˵ҲᣬģЦص˵Ĵž
ԬԷ˵ϷɿĸһĨߵĺ
ȴڿǽüͷͳ֮ɫһףæԼͻ粻ֹϵ
ŶˣŮѵĻ
ľû˵꣬ͼĽࡰڡһϴЦĿڡ
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ʹӸոľ˵ʱѾһ֪²
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Ҳû׷ȥ˲һǮ˵Ҫҳá
Ԭڹ͵ಽ
͸տʼԼһҪĽʲôʽԸû
ȵһҪĲ֮ŷ˸ԼԬࡣ
Ȼͣ£ת
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ԭҪ˿ʱ˿ãټ֮ǰСҲǰԼ٣Եûô顣
ʲô˼Ҳֻ֪ҵѡǰҵҵԺҵôЩЩ鲻Լı֡Ͼǹ˾ʱҲ̣Ҳô顣
Ԭۿдת
ŵĿŹͣȻһᶼԼ
ǹܣûǸ˼ĻΪʲôҪ·ҹգ
ͺܲ졣
ѵ㲻֪ô˾κһԱնЩġ
Ԭև壬۾ҧŴ.ꡣ
ϲܣҲġ
˵꣬Сͷˣһ˵Ļᶼ
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Ľ࣬÷ˣ
ĽԣæȥȴľЦ
ƭġոǸ̻˵˰ɣǸǸˣ
Ľû˵û˵ʹĬϡ
ҿǸСҲʲô飬̫ġ
ĽЩꡣ
˭ˣ
ᵣĹͺǸСһ𣿼ֱЦ
ԼҲͦõĺòã
֮ǰ½Ҳ½һȢԼīȾ
ᵽīȾĽһķθ
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ҲʱľžĽεˡ
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Ľתͷһһ£ɰڴû滹ŸոǱ顣
ոռûԶ٣ȻٳԵ
ʹչȥȰ
ȷĽ˼֮󣬹;Ҳ޷Լĸ飬ƺϸպﶼ繵ᡣ 				

536½ͣ

Ľ˹һۣڿԷͳŵķ֮һ¡
ģ
ţҾӦòϲ͡ʵҲϲ
ЦڶԸոյ飬ֲֻᣬǴû
Ľüͷ
˼Ҷ˵ʿյĿû뵽Ųһʱ䣬ѾҲˡ
һţϵЦҲάֲסˡ
ָָ췢ġ
ǸԬҵҺûаëǮϵҺֻйĹϵһǺܽԺõġ
Ľ಻˵лŵһƣԼٱ飬ֿ˵ԼôʱôѣôŬΪľܹĽȼơ
Ľʵڿ͵ʱѾûзŹ͡
Щ飬Ӧڸոճֵʱѿ
ΪԬ࣬Ϊ͡
Ľ໹˵ʹʱѾһֿˡ
Ľ࣬˵仰òãǲòԣĲã
ôĲãöðһСİĽһ߻ܲԹɫؿҳûԷȥһˡô죿ȻܸжҪ˼棬ûʱأ
Ľ˵ֱ֮
һҪ·ȥЩ̫ʣ
;Ľϳš
֮һ˴ĺһվſĿĽ뿪
ǰûĽʱӶĽ࣬ԼԼҪô˼棬֮˵ʲô
˾վԼǰԼҲѾȷĽ⣬ȴ֮ľȴԽԽԶΪʲô
ľĽಽĹͣһ¡
ôûкͺã˼ҶһӲˣѵͲжһô
Ľؿľһۡ
Ѿˡ
Ϊʲô
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̲סѹͳ֮һ飬û뵽ͶĽʲô
һֱĽ࣬ľֵĿԼߣתͷ˿ԼףľڿԼ
ͬѧôˣ
û£
ľҡҡͷһĽ뿪ıӰһ¹͡
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ľ˵꣬Ͱ˰֣ŲҴҵĸĽһˡ
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˵ˣ
Ľ࿴Щľ
СЦеؿĽһۡ
ӣȻ̫ҲɵòãˣôԶԶظţңֺȻ˵ʲôҸ治ҸǸҪҰ˵ô
ľ˵֮Цݡ
ùڱϵֶϣոңӦǣԼ뷨͵ҲôԵģô٣Ҿû
Ľһ㶣ԼҲû뵽ᱻľһΡ
ɵȻûĽ̫ʱȥ˼ĳѾ⣬ҪĽȥԼĸס
ҽԺ档
ɵµĸڲϣȻЩƫݣȴչ˵úܺá
Ľ࿴һ°ɵ¸ĸݣֱԼҪͺܶࡣ
գǲʲô⣿
ӽ˲֮󣬰ɵµ۾һֱĽϣĽüʶѯʡ
Ľû˵ֻǰеĲݸΨһһҲʦĺơ
ĺЩ⣬ùһۣüͷҲ
壬󽵵ĳɹʡɹˣҲĲ֢
ͷְļݸʦ֣ѯǵͽ顣
Ҿò
Ҳã
ľǵĻ˰ɵ£ɵЩɻ󲻽⡣
գ֮ǰǿЩ𣿡
Ľͷ
ǵģ
㲢û˵ܽǹΪ˸Ҹ׶𣿡
ĽԼİóһֽдһЩҩ֡
Ҫȸ㸸һĻܣҪ7ʱ䡣ҪЩҩģҩЩ򡣡
ɵϽӹұʾЩҩ⡣
Ľļʦȴе̸Ǹƽʱô˵ĺҲĽ̫ڼ
ҪĻ
ĺ˵ȽϺ˵Ͳôˡ
ܣ֪ȽϲˡҲòãǹ⣬ǹˣĻô
ǰʦһҽѧҽһʱ䶼ûָ֪ʲô
 				

537ѵ

Ҳﳳľæֹ
ǸɵһҪˣô룿Ȼ˹ǾһŶӣ
ǻ֪һŶѽȻ֪ĻĽΪʲôרУã
ҪͰɵ˵ڲ˵

ɼּĺȴĽͷϡ
ʦãʱ䣬ܰ쵽𣿡
ܣҲ谡
Ӧ֪һ˲ġ
Ľ࿴ѾĿڡ
ǲţðɵھߣֻǴӦУѡ
߾ߣ˭˭
ҰͲھأº˲ҿҪô˼
Ľ࿴ĺơ
ʦ֣أ
ĺҡҡͷ
ʦ֣㲻ߣȻҪʲô飬Ҳðƺ󡣡
Ľͷ
ɵɻĽ˵Ҫ˻ع
û뵽ĽôǷŭİġࡱ˰ɵ¡
ɵµͷ
֪ҽҲ˵Ϊҽ顣
ʦֶһۣ¡
֮һҽԺ֮в˳
ĽǻصƵ֮󣬾ͷѾʺθڵв͡
ľĽ༷۾
Ľ࣬һ˻˳ɣ
Ľû˵ľȴ̲סЦˡ
ⷹ𣿡
ţ̫ϲͣǳϲϿζеĻȥ
ǿûͬѧôиеĳԾˣĵģ
Ƕ޲׼ߣ˭˼иʱأ
ʦһһڿ࣬ùüͷ
תͷһ۴ҵı飬ȴִƺѾ˾ռߡ
ԣ龭
лЦÿʦҪԷꡣ
أôˣǶλ޲׼ߣòҪʲ׼ĶڴңҲʱᣬǺĿ˼ʱĲƲҪҪֹͣһ޲׼ߣ
ľꡱһЦˣĬĬΪͱ˸Ĵָ
̫ˣ
Ľ࣡㿴ô
Ľ࣬ͲǻȥУǶѾҵ㻹һѧ
Ѿвˣ
ǲŭֻͣĽ
˵˵Խ;Խֱһѭ
ӡ
Ҳ֪壡άֶŮʲôǣŲֻҪһ仰֪İǴŪߣ˭Ҳ
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Цˡ
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Ͷľͦкøеģһ޹ҡͷ
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Ľɫſ
Է˾Ͳóˣ
˻ûڣ͸˵ӦһޱȻ졣
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ǮвϲԼǷţţ͵һҲˣǰɫζȫвͣƵķԼȻԲ˶١
ѵǸո¶ʦǡ
ۿű˳Եýζȴûֻܸ꣬ɵۡ
˶ס裬߶ϯԼȥԵġ
û뵽ţŹףһµĹʻҪߡ
ֻܵһɳһ߲ˣڿԱ߽ζв͵ļˣˡ
Ľɹҡ
Ǻ˵ˣԼȽѹ֣һԼȽϺǵĴ
ĺȴòǳԷƺЩ˵ȥ
ͺܹվĽߡ
ȽͬѧĻȥǰԭģҲҷķģƾʲôҪǸЩ˼ҳԣ۸Ľࣿ˵۸ɵأ
ĺֲ˵ˣϾҲûǮ
Ǯв翴˲˳ۣȻ˵ý
Ľǳ극͸ɢ
Ͱ͵ſ֮ڰѯĽܸܲԼʱ䡣
ľЦŽ˷䣬Ĺš
һ㶣ҲЦˡ
ԲҴˣ
Ľɫ
ǲǸˣķͦóԵģάңҸмأ
ǰһĽǽǱһ¡
Ҳ̽˼ҲɰƽⳡϵСϡ֪Ҵ˵绰ζʲôԲҴˣұ֤Ժ󲻻ٷ顣ԣٸһλ𣿡
Ľ಻ʡ
ٸһλᣬ̽𣿡
ͷҡͷ
ֻ룬һλᣬܹҺúð㣬ѵݡ 				

538·׽

Ľ൱Ǹݡ⼸ֵʱ򣬲һġ
֪һ¶˵һ¡
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ǰһĽԼϴ
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˳һĽ§ڻ
ԼõӵһĽЩоʵ
ԥƬ̣Ŀ˹͵ϣϤζ§ס˻ļı۾
˵ƺһ˲һ˭û˵ҲûдƬ
ԱߺȻһصͬʱתͷ˹ȥͼԬྪֲŵĿǣ֮ɫ
Ľ͹Ϳ֮ǰԬɿļ˵ϵְһ뿪ֳ
Ľƿ˹ͣɫƽ
͵ĺ±˴ˣȻա
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ǰܾͦ¶ôԬ඼ò˳ۡ
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ЦˣһΰĽӵ˻
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Ľüͷ
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ΪʲôͿԼ
ΪʲôͻԼ˵ĻΪĽô
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ߣģġ
ͷͣطӿţԬڷסˣתͷȥĽʦֵķš
Ҳûôûֱ˵ԼǹĽġ
˵Լǵ;ӰԼŶӵ
֮ǰѾĽ˵ɶһۣϲ
Ԭȷʵԡ
һģҸոۼ˱һ𣬶һ׶˵С㡣мٵġ
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ʦֿһ£Ԭǵķ浱ʣȴ嵽ĺƵķ˵һ飬ʾϵشǸš
Ƿ.å.å֪ôǴõĻرشĺ֪ˣɵ֪ĻǸˣ
Ǯвźĺһ䣬Ľˣ֮󣬶˵ߣҪȥ֪ͨһĽࡣ
վס
ǮвԽǾԽĽ͹й
ԣĽʦİסǮвţĺȥˡ
һǵжĽ࣬ĺƵȷȥĽ࣬ΪҪ׽Ҫ϶ǵĽ౻͸ƭˡ
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ţܲܰҿһ·ţ
ľҲû룬ÿˢ˷һ£Զ򿪣¶ĹͺĽࡣ
ڵ龰ĺƸ߸һԭء
ãûķչ 				

539

Ľ͹ͺؿŹĺơ
ʦ֣ô
ĺԥһ£ȴ֪ӦҪôĽ͸ոԬ˵顣
ɫĽЦˡ
ʦʲôֵۣɲΪѡ
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±ơ
ʵĽӸոԬ࿴һĻʱ򣬾֪ܻܿᷢôһ飬ȴû뵽Ԭһ϶Ȳżѡ
չˣգѵ֤һôң֮ԭѾ˼ҳֻΪһЩû취һѡˣ
ЩؿĽֱ࣬Ҫͷ
ǣ

Ȼ֪ĽʲôʱǸʲӻԼĽܹ˵仰ʹĽʽ֡
صĳĺƵͷϵϲɫζβס
ı飬Ľ඼Щûۿ
ľŹ͵ģЦ˴ǡ
֮ǰùһᾫӢ˲ŴеģҲֻһݰ鵱еͷѡ
ĺüЩΡ
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ϾʹֶŮ֮ģʵ˲඼ѡ
ǣǵİưһɶûɣǲǹ̫ܵˣ
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ˣӰбΪʲôҪ˿˲֤й
ңҲˡ
ʦּȻѾ˳ôΪʲôҪǻع
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Ĳң
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ûʲô˼ԭлԼˡֶŮֻΪ˼ϰƺѡ
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ΪϷˣСʱصʱۼ峤ΪһЩһѸˡ
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˸֪ǵһ仰ܻʲôӰ졣
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һ绨Сǰ;ãȴΪЩԼһӣ룬ĺƾͷŭ쳣
Ԭͬ־Ҳ㾿ǳʲô˼Ÿ˵ⷬҿԺȷظ㣬ͬ־ոձʾҪ㿪ͬ־顣ԼΪ֮ɣ
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ǣҲԶﴫɣϾԬͬ־˵ʦú͹ͬ־һأ
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һ˲䲻˵ˡ				

540¼򵥷

ĽûЩ棬ɵ´˵绰밣ɵ³Է
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ﾫﾫġ
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ķ˽ȭͷʵҪôģֻǵģԼô֮Լزסŵķ붼Ūˡ
һ£ԭΪԼ˵תֻϧֻ˸һЦ
ĳأһһԶǣﵽ׻ЩοٽֽӴһͻ
ȵȣķû˵߰
ķٿȻͷͬԼͬĶž
˵˽м˹͡ŵĿž
֪˵ʲô𣿡
ЦЦ
ҵȻ֪˵뿪˲Ӧ㣡				

546

˵һŵڼ˹͡Ͱķ֮ػصɨš
⾿ʲô
˹͡ԼҪˣ
ΪʲôҪߣ
Ϊϰ
ܣÿ춼пͻÿ춼ڹأﶼѾ˰ɣмͻһ
Ľ׶ļԡ
ϵЦȻһ
˹͡Ĺ
˵껰֮ЦݿĿŰķһͰı顣
ķ㻹ŸȥдĿͻ
ķһ˰ɵߣİƾ֤֣µصл
Ƕǰˣ˵Ǹա
ǣû˵ĻҪߵ˵ԼǱˣҲԼ
ɰɵȴϷʵĳŰķգһ۾
㲻лңллվͺáңҲллԼ
˹͡ķһٲҼߵϢ˲ǵȦӴ
ԴҵĹϲķûʲôɸ˵ģΪǰԴ˹͡ġ
˭˭
͸ˣ
ؼңȴ֮ǰ˵˦ͼ˹͡뿪Ůˡ
ķһǰġҲ֪㰮ң𣿡
ǰķĻعܸ˺ܼѾûָо
ѵʱ뿪ˣԺԼǵʱҲ뿪
Ů˲ŵĿŰķ˳ȥֿŰķ˸ﻻܻİѰķһͨ
ɰķһ仰˵֮뿪˼ȥ˹Ʊҵ˹ƱĵľѯʹĽ顣
ԼҲһͷˮ
ʶĽ࣬ȴ˰ķָ
ͦǮģһˣֻҪȥȽϴľƵһңӦÿҵ
ķ֣µĸԷл뿪֮ǰԼеȫĽ˵ǼֻƱ
ķ߱ȫǴССľƵͲһҵĽϢ
ĽھƵ濴˴Žţڴżãˣ̲סЦˡ
ŶԷԼȴû뵽Ȼô죡
ԣм䷢ʲô
Ľʻİķһ
ô֪ģ
Ľ൭Ц
ҽǡ
˵ֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
֮ǰǱʩħһӶҵĽࡣ
ĵվԼǰԼ֮ǰĳԡ
ȿˮ˵
͸Էһˮ
лл
ķǾнĽ˱ӣԱ£Լ֮ǰЩȫ˵һ顣
Ľû˵ôĿ
ҽֻл㡣
ĽĿͻĽܿˣһǷͻʱߵ˾ͻǸ뿪ŮҲҲĿ࿴Ҳҵǰš
һжĽΪġ
ңҰҵǮ˵ǼֻƱ
ڲǼֻƱ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ģ
㻹򣿡
ֵã
Ľ಻ĹҾˡ
ٻججսսٻûʧڰȻ˹׹˺Ȼõꡣ
Ժ˹Ҳ˵֮ⷬҴ뿪
Щ档
Ҫ
ĽЦЦѻתˡ
ķص˾һߴߴʲôҡ
˼õİͽ˰ΧȦ
ķ֪𣿸ոպȻһֻƱ˱ǵҷ룬̶һСʱʱ䣬Ѿ˶ʮǿǶʮ鰡
֧Ʊڻǣ
ķüͷԼȻҵãȦ黹Ǻܶõġ
Ϊʱ뿪ʼ𣿡

˰ߴӵĻתƵϡ
ҲˣһֻƱҹ˾ոձһҷͶ˾УͶ5000򣡶ҷͶ˾ǸͶ˾еľްԣ
Ҷʱһ
ҵ죡ȻǸްԣ
˵ǸͶ˾𣿡
ֲóô죡ǮĻҲ򣡡

ҵ߲ԼͬĿһµĻһֻǵĹƱ
ʱİķע⵽֧Ʊ֣ɫһ䣬ɿİǰˣ۾רעĿĻ
ôˣǲǷʲô飿
ǰɫôô֣

ǴʱİķȫȻûǵ˼ʱĶĽࡣ
ҲĽ֮ǰԼĻҪǮĻͶֻ
ڣԼոʱ䲢Сʱ
Ϊõ3000ı꣬Ҳ˵3000Ǯת־ͷ10ֹ10
ķŵǺͮͮĻ棬Ҳվסˣϵͷš				

547ô

ĽڳԷͼȥİķ
ôˣַʲô𣿡
ˣˣֻƱˣ
ҲԼͬĿĽ࣬졣
ĹƱҲ
Ľȴû⣬֪Ҫǣֻǲ֪ʱѣû뵽Ȼô죡
³Եɣ
ķʱȫûгԷ뷨ԺȫǸͮͮĻ棬иģ뷨ͣڹš
ľǺܺ档
ķ˵ĽĹƱˣ˶ٰôǷ
ԴûоֻǺѡ
ķһܣֿĽһۣŻڸ͡
ǣרʣľЩ±ƣԱߵԬ˷롣
ڳû
ĽʦֱȴֲɻǿżĽ˸Ѫͷ
ԬĽ֮Щġ
Ƕ˵ƱǮΪɶĽྐྵȻ׬Ǯ
˼ǣ׬Ǯˣ
׬˶٣
ľҲ档
е鶼˰ķ
ķ
С֧Ʊһ70ʱ֧ƱǮ55һ12ɣÿһɹƱԭ۶30飬һǼۣ
仰ˣ޲һ
־ı׷ͶĽࡣ
ֳֻй͵üչĽԷ
˵ˣҪó̬Ľࡣ
ĽЩܿģ
СĸҲ׬˲١
ţϲ
ķﴫһ仰֮ˣ
ҴҶҴҶȥѾķ
ǣϢȴһϯŶӡ
ҵĸԹԣǮҲ̫˰ɣ
12ɹƱÿɶ30飬ҵ죡붼˾ô̼

һһ˵ţľȴ͵͵Ľ·
ôѽҳ֮ǰҰҲһǮҪҪæҲһ㰡
֧Ʊ̫ˣƻҪǼۣ׬ǮȻҰģҳ֧Ʊ֮⻹ģ
ľ붼ĵͷ
۾ҪĽĴȣأ
ľȿ˿ڣ㿴ҿ㣬ҲĶ
С㣬Ҳһ㹤ʣ
ԬǺ
ð˭ĻԸ˵˵ǰ棬ҿ԰򣬵ǿĻҵĴ
ľȻȻҡͷ
ǿ϶ģǶĲԸķ䡣
ĺҲӿڴ˵ǮĽࡣ
ǲ࣬γǴԼһĹʡ
֮ǰһֱĽԵʦ֣ӣԾǮ͵͵ȥ
ǾȻ֪ĸƱʣʳģ
ĽҲûǣǺôˣҪΪԼΪۡ
˵ֻһӵģֲǵ裬ƾʲôǣ
ϻطʱĽ֮ǰĹƱƾ֤˹͡
壬
ͿһۣҲûֱ
ľЩΪѱƽ
ͣ㾹ȻĽˣȻǮ֮ǰİɣͳȥĶҪջ𣿡
ȴһȻЩԼĵϲ
ΪʲôգĽļױ
ĽҲûϵȻô˵ʱЦõغ
յĵ˹һۣݺݰһơ
İɣ
2һ磬ɵ¾Ϣ˹Ľ֮۾ֱŹ⡣
գôģ̫ˣ
ĹƱ˶ð
Ѿ׬Ǯˣ
ĽһģΪĽ಻֪¡Ҫ֪˵֮һ϶û˯ž
ǲǻ֪ЩƱ
ɵ»δ䣬ľЦеĸƱˡ
㾹Ȼ֪֪Ļôôƽ
⡭Сﻹô
ľն
ǣ
ɵŷԼĻ˵˳ʱΡ
ð»ʦͽ˹ɵת˻⣬ûþ»ͽܲ޶˵ͻȻǵĹƱ
˵һ֧ƱǹɡֻϧСƱ̫ˣȻ죬ǿһ֧ˣ
»ͽǰ˵˵ĺã˼Ȼ
òһĽ¶ﻹܲ˵䣿
ֻǣ˵֮󣬷ִҿԼЩ˵ֺ͹졣
üͷﲻԣ
ĽȴЦˡ
أϧ̫ˡ
ǰ̫ˣҪȻǮǵñ˶׬ˣ
ǺǣǵĿͦģĹƱ׬ǮˣôĻƱͲô¥ˣ
Ǻܿϧƫƫôɣƫƫô֣ĽպĹƱո˵һ֧˵治֣ˣ
ġŶ				

548


»ͽܾúܲ˼飬Щô򵥵ط
˵ʲôʲô˵ҾŰ
ľҪ˵ʲôڿԷվŵ̲֮סЦ̧̧°͡
վŵľĽĹƱˣ
ķһʧߣһҹ֮󣬿Ľƣе㱻ˡ
ǹĿϿҡ
С㣬ҪѧϰԸԸΪͽ
ҵȷʦ˵ġ
˻һȫԾ
Ҳ۰ķҵĵλܹһרҵĽʦ
ɼĽĹ֮
ոջڸľǺĴʱһһġ
ۣ඼û취ࡣ
ĽϵԷȴû뵽Ȼô졣
ʵʵ˵
һεĳɲֻöѡҡ
ķҡͷ
һεòܴʲôһֻƱҲˣ
Ľࣺ
ȫ
ǰɵȷӦ̲סЦŹȥŰķļԱߵϴһɷ
֮ǰĽģɲһ֧Ʊ
Сӣúø˵һ£һ֧Ʊˣ
ķ׼ɵºĽĹϵɫ̬Ҳǹ
˶ʮ֧ƱϿͷʼǣҸոճʱҲѾǮˣ
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ķֻԼ±ơ
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ΧͬǶԴ֮ǰУ֮ǰӾأһǰֱر
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ЦЦ
ÿԣҾ;С
ĽͷתͷԼߵİķ
ȷҪˣȴ̲ʲôɷ֪ʶԸԸ⣿
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»ǾĽҸȫûҪϾСȻǰ;һƬã񻹲ֻһССҽѧԺѧѡ
»᳴ɣ˵˲̶ܽԷ֪ⷽʶҪʲô
˵ʲôʲôķȴܣֻεվĽ󣬳䵱һ塣
õˮʱˮͳԵͳԵģĽˮĿطԱߡ
ùͺǮвźȻһŨŨΣС
ǵĵλҪһ
Ľ൹ǹ̹ȻǰЩ꾭ȥˣͱǸĳʲô̡ǿŷô
գղķ˹˵Ҫһμأ
»Щ
ĽҵԼȴûҵղķ˹ɰţƻˣ
ǵȥһǸȺ棬ǰѴĽˣ˵Ѿ˼Ľķˣһ
Ľתͷ򰣵ɵ£ɵ½ղķ˹˭
ɵ۾ֱ⡣
Ȼղķ˹ղķ˹ҪĻȻٺòˣ
ܶ༸ⷽרѧߣҪһˣ
ĺȴԼոЩ
ǿ˵Ǹղķ˹˭
Ǹô
»ļѧҲһȵĿĽࡣ
ղķ˹Ȼʶ				

549¹

ղķ˹ԼѧʱѾۼ˵Ϣ֮ҴҸϹרңˡ
ղķ˹þò
ϻƣҲˣ
ĽĹ񣬾Ȼܹ

죬ǱߺĺվһʦǶѾ±ˡ
ʦ֣Ǹղķ˹Ӧþʦ澭˵ǸרҰɣ
˵ȥSCI˼ƪģȫһġҪղķ˹ѧǶûоĲԡ֪ǲģ

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Ϊ֮ǰԼʦȥһνᡣ
˵ҲΪǵڲμһλǲһ͹˽ӹ졣
ԣǸǵڵˣĽɣ
ĽĻôĽôôϤ
ңһ벻ͨǾĽ྿ƾʲôܺô˸ùϵ
ֻ֮£ƾʲôܹЩϵϣ
Ϊ˵ѣ
ĿţĽһӷĹҲЩ˴һкѣûԼе硣
ٿЩЦݿؿĽģٲȻĽЩƳ
֪Щ˵ΪֻĽȽǸ˶ѡ
ղķ˹һ˺Ľ˵˵ЦЦӣĺɻѩһԽԽ
Ľղķ˹˽ܣҲϤ
ղķ˹ǵĻ⻹ΧĽС
統һֱ͵ĻָĽûȤѧȵ⡣
һֱĽԱߵʦ֣վڱֹ
Ϊ˭ҪѧڹڶѧûϺأһѧҽģҪѧĻѧʲôڹѧҽ𣿼ֱǿЦ
˭˵أҲãǼֱں֣ղķ˹ҪѧĻ˵ǲǿһ£Ͼղķ˹
Ҳѽˡԣ⼸ǲҪղķ˹ǰúñһ£ܹǵĻ˵ǻֱǵѧʱҿ˭ҿǣ

ĵĻ죬ĺվԱԹԵЦ
˵񻹶
ѵǻûзЩ˶ǳĽ
ѵûпĽǵ̬
˾ҪǣԸͲʲôչ֡
ǹµó
ΪҪˣĽԼ³ĻӰֲȡ
ң˵ʵĽһʱޣܹΪĽҡ
ȻûгԵĽķˣЩɥ
Ʒ˹͵ζ֮Ҳ޹ĲٱЩ˿ĲҪóԵĶࡣ
ֻа»ԼԱüɫĸҽԼ֮ǰԹĽĶ
ǻ˵óˣֱ˿ˮֱ
Ȼⷬ˵֮󣬰»ֱӱλϻŭĿӡ
ƫƫԽ»Խǿġ
ղķ˹ȥˣʼ취ǽš
գû뷨ҪȥǸݿһҲ㿪ĻҿȥҵЩѧһҲϲġ
ղķ˹֪Ľ಻ԸԾĺ
Ȱ˵
ǶȥĻҵҵʱͲǽҵòã
ĽǰģȻŲһ顣
ǰЩΪ˸մ󺣵壬ܽ˲ҩŵ䷽ЩʦԼҽĲٺöкö඼ЩʹĴٹʹõıӵط㡣
ֻǣʱ仹ûгѡ
תͷһվԼϹϾİķ۾ɿĻһĨ⡣
ƺʱҲأ
ɵҲźĽࡣ
ĽĹˡ
С˵ˣԼôҽѧרҸԼǰǸԼָ˼֧Ʊ׬
˵ҲӦñһԼл⡣
һָоǸĽһ𣬿ܻгĺ
ԭֻΪĽֻһ»ҽƾУû뵽񣬾ȻôԼҽѧ̩
ǲ࣡
ҪĻܲһɣģҾԲԤĲκ飬ҪæĻһǣ
Ľ̲סЦˡ
ҪѵǸ˿𣿻˵ǴҶҪתˣ
⻰һҶЦ
ֻйͿĽı飬˼ 				

550³ı

ղķ˹Ǽ˶Ǹģ֮ǰ˰ɵ¸׵ĲҲû˽ȫ忪˼飬Ļʱ䶨˺ϡ
֮ǰһʱĽǮвźͰķһȥЩ͵̳棬һ·һ·һ·
Ȼȥ֮Ľѯ˹һȦûʲôջ
Ǯвͷ;Щùҿ
Ľͷת˰ķϡ
ķأ
ķ롣
ҾãĶȷܹ󣬵ȻǴôʱ䣬˵˻ȥǮǾǹֻΪûЩǮ
ڼΪ֪ġ
ңǰһϲǮˡ
ϲЩĶƯΣƯ·ͰİʱҲԼͬһˣ
ŮԵĹ
ЩûǮҲһҪӵС
Щϲǵˣǰֻ¾ǹҲ׷֡
ĽЦŴ˸ָ
أ
оǡ
ķĽһۣЩԥ
ģҲֻҪ˽һ£ʲôѣʲôѣ
ķͷ
Ҿ̳棬׬ǮӦŮõĶϵ£ﵽ⣬·ΣӰЬӣ.µױƷûһŮ˻᲻ϲҲûһŮ˻᲻ҪΪ˵ԣŮˡ
Ľ֮ǰ;Լ񵽱ˣǼš
ЩҵѡһأѡʲôһУ
ķѾĸ׵ĻĽ˼
ҡҡͷ
ѡĻӦûѡЩ·߻ױƷɣΪܶƷƵİɱܹ󣬻ЩΣûôǮȥͶʡ
ڣױƷ·ǵĳɱȽϵһ㣬ȴЩ١
ǮвĽͰķĶԻԱץżȹϵһת
֮ǰֻŹȥ۽ˣûЩ㹻飬ϼ˵Լļ⡣
ҾñױƷ˵·ӦøҪɣϾǹ˵ʳסУ·ǰ档׻˵˿װûһ·еĻǻױƷٺùҲûá
ʵЩױƷãڹڣǾãԼ˵ĻĽ²߸һߣҲ᲻
ΣУڴʱ˲ﵽ˶塣
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ҵȷҪ칫˾˵Ĳ;ƵЩҵҪǣʱڣ߷⼸̳ҽһϸı档
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ǮвŵҲǸһ׵ȥǮȥȻľ˱ȥһһˡ
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ľҲû¸ɣϰǮвȥĻҲܶԼĿｻ
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ԺǰСȣҫͲֵһᡣ
ĿǰѵҪҵ𣿡
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ңҽϾϹ룬Ϊʦʵ룬ҪΪʦԲΡ
ǮвźͰķȥĿʲôѵΪ˿г𣿡
ĿкܶడǮвűϾ½ˣȰķĲֻ۽硣ǣ󵨣룬ҸɣЩǰķûеġҲ֪ķǰʲôĻ£һ붼룬ɶҸɵĻһ죡
Ľ
ҿԽһ˵ҳϣǽܲһ˵ų
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㻹Ǹһһ㶼û䣡
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αϵĽ࣬ĿƵĿĽ࣬Ǽ֣Ͳɵļᶨ
ң˵ǸһԶ֡
ĽŹͲôǣѾһӵԶҪ˵Զ
ԶжԶ˭֪أ 				

551ί

壬֪˼ǡ
ǣ㲻ң
üǰһ侲СȻԼⷽû˽Ľࡣ
Ľϻ˽Ľ
֪С裬㲮Ͳ֮ĸ˲һ㲻ΪŰ飬ҡҿԸ㷢ģһӡ
Ľ˹͵Ļ
壬ǵġҲǲϲ㣬㡣֮ġ
ԥˣڻˣǿû취ߵһôҸ㣬һУֻΪôû˰ȫУȫвУ
ǰ΢ˣдΪ𾪡
壬ġ
֪ĲȻԼҪࡣ
Цá
壬ôãԼ䲻أ
һֱǱչţСС飬Լгֵ飬ЩСȴ޿ײ
һǿġ
ңĲãĻôôϲ
ʲôܹ㣿ѧϰҲãɼҲ㡣ƺã¶ȴһ𡣵أССͣҽ飬ˣἸԣأҡ
ۿŹϵıԽԽɥĽ༱æ߹ȥס˶Է͡
壬ǧҪô롣ģ㣬ǳ㡣һֱΪ䲻ˣҲŶԡңδ̨ԽԽȲðе˼ϡԺڡ
ĽĻû£ͼֱӽ§סеĻȫ˸С
¶ƺһ
ȵͷĽ֮󣬾ͷԼСѾ˫룬ضĻ棬ںߣŭ
һĭΪԼ͡
ԲҲǹġֻǣֻǡ
ĽЦ־Ρ
ӹ͵ĻһһؿŹ͡
̫ʧˡô飿ôңôôңҵʲô
ʹʱŵͷƤ飬ԼֺͽŶ֪Ҫôˣ
ǺͰ͵ĸĽ͡
û뵽 ˵䣬ĽȻЦ
һЦùһ±ơ
ʲô
ĽЦųŹ͵Ĵϴ˹ȥѵˮһһڡ
壬Һ㡣ԭŮ֮һַʽѣҲûңƽȵģ˭˭ͱ˭߹ܶࡣͱ磬Ҳҽˣ飬ѵͲϲˣ
ͷɿҡͷ
Ұģˡ
ǰ
Ľ̯̯֡
ԣʲô㰮ңҰ㡣֮ƽȵģΪЩӵĶʲôô
㶵ؿĽ࣬ĵ˵ͷ
ǵİɣ
Ľ˵ʲôʲô

ԼĴ.꣬شսĽࡣ
ǸҸոռǵã˵ΪһӦǰɣԣһΣ
ͿͰ͵һָ
ĽȻ뵽˹һǿԼĳ棬̲סһ̧üң¶ذһƣȻԼѹ˹ȥ
壬
û뵽һζôãҲû뵽Ľĸô
ǣ˺ط˴Ĵཻ֮󣬹ſĽࡣ
ĽԼҲɵӣӺκ˶ףֻõǲеġ
ʵĺôʵľ룬˶Խء
Ľ࣬Һϲ㡣
ͽıĽ࣬ɳƵ̾ϢͬʱƽϢԼе궯
ԵĻҶһߣԶԶ뿪
Ľ̲סЦһ˫һһüǹˡ
塭
Ϲ˵ۣҡ
ͺݺݵһڿˮֻоԼոƽϢļ¶ֿʼ
ܿ˿ĽߣЩǱظɿһӱܿĽĿ
Ľ࣬㲻Ҫңҡ
ԼƲס˺
Ľ಻˷ֱſڹ͵ϣݺݵĴ.ꡣ
շת˺ĥ
ȵ鶯ؽ§ĽԼϰʱĽָ͵һһɿ뿪
ĽȻ˿վԶԶأӸµЩǱĻ磬ԵЦ⡣
壬ʱ䲻ˣҪȥأ
۾ͨһĽ࣬õί
ĽЦе߹ȥĹ͵ļЦŨ
壬δɹͬ־Ŭأ				

552޼֮

ͽļʱ۾ĶĽ࣬ͺԼһգĽͻʧһ
Ľѹ͵ıֿѾϻҪֳһʲôûз
Ĺί
Ԭѹ͵ıֿΪ˳ˣ .ĸͳ⡣
Сﶼϲ˸СĻԸСﰡ
ǣ.ذľ򷢳ȥˣȻԼ꿸һӽĽķ䡣
ľĽԼҪһϲľûֱ̫࣬ӰԼſ˶Է
ĽͲ֪͵ɧʱͰ»ǼԼķ
ǰҹдһԼƻҪøǿ
û뵽֮ȻԼһܹ֮ΪĶɣ
ߡ
ʲôľô
ԭҪȥĽһϲģû뵽Ȼ˰»ǵɫһ䣬¶˽ȥ
գе¶ǰѶᵽԱ߰ɣ
Ҫ
Ҫ
¹ƽĺţǻûסǵĶ
ŵǸӿʼƴػζ
һͨһƬֱ޷ԼһĻ˿˻ʲô
첻Ըӵûб˸ߣȴ˸ˡ
⣬ôôһˣ
»ָĹͣЩͰ͡
Ľ̽ӹȥֻһۣͿˣϳ˶Էݡ
Цá
壬ôҵ죡
վֱӣЩ˼ԼϹܹ֮Ϊ·ĶһϿҪγѪ
ңҲǹġֻҪһϲѡ
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˵ĽһСķ䣬ôܹЩүǶ
ɺͳ
ɺͳ
Ľ࿴Źͣһ޿
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ϵġ·ֱҲҲֻôһò
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ȻԼˣǺôܹĽ࿪һЦǾýһ黹гЧġ
ǣȵȥ·֮һú
ľǮвǳȥһʱ䣬֮˵飬ʱЦǰϣŹ͵Ҳ֮ǰ𾴺ͳݡ
ԼЦЦĽһ󷽵ˡ
ͼȻѾԼȻš
˲ֻľǡ
͵ΪûôڣҴҵķ䶼һ𣬺ü˶Ѿʱӡ
ԵĺʦǳŪͼЦʱĽҲ̲סˡ
λʦ֣Цʲô
ûûЦʲôֻһЦЦһЦѡѵҲô
ЦԼһ۲۵ЦЦˣ
Ľί൱ֱ׵Ļֱöˡ
Ľ࣬ͷŸɾ˵˭Ц
ǰ㲻ҪΪУǾӦ㡣Ҹ˵ǿǲġ
ĽЦһ
ô˵ѵôԼû̵ʶռéӲʺԭΪУҽܼöϽʦ֣ȴû뵽۸ֵ͵ġǵʦôˣ𲻷ĻҸġϸŰͽʦϵѡʦûа֮飬Զӳû֮ģҵģҵģҵģվںϹȱȡ鲻Ѿһ߷ɻعˣ
Ľһ˵һ󴮣֮Լֱվڹ͵ߣֽŹ͵ĸ첲ͬʱ߸ߵ̧°͡
УƾʲôЦΪԼİ˸ˣģôôЦô ǣôûСǲûû֮ġЩӣǳԵģȵģʲôǹΪ׼ģǶʲô˵ǺһģԼˡ
ۿǺһ߷
ĽתͷĿ֮£żڹ͵Ϻݺݵһڡ
ȻؿŴҡ
Ϊ۾ܾûЦȷʵҵ޼֮
;Լʱ˿Ը⡣
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ֱҪ̫ˣ
ڲ̫ĻֱҪĽ࣬ԼĹ棬һӣֿ
Ӧһģ				

553·򳪸

ʹʱͬ߸ߵ̧°ͣ޲˶ܿõԼ
ĽоȻ޼֮
ڵû뵽ĽྐྵȻʱ׵ľٶڴ֮ͥе˷绯ΪĽǹֱ׵ĻоȺͲš
ǹԬǾĽķ£̲סʼ
˵ΪԼİ飬ʲô鶼Ϊ
Ľ˲ֻԬ࣬ΪĽѵľôܲĽ
ҲҪһˣԼ֪మأ飬ֱԶ
ʱ仹磬 Լҵġ
վԱһֱĬҲûзӦĺ档
ԭǰ飿
ԭҲ
ôֱףô֣
ԼİΣڶԷҲǺõģ
Ȼ뵽ԼһγԼŮѼ棬ŮѿԼŵЩʱı顣
֪ԼĶ̫ܲ󣬵ԼѾ˲Ǯȥݷ˵۶һЩѣǵİæðġ
ŮѼݶ˵ĶȴŮ濴
ѾԼܹóֵõĶˣ
Լҵ֮乤ԽԽߣԽԽãŮѾûԼ۹һε飬һŮϵı顣
ԼŮѻĽĻӦûվԼάԼɣ
ϾܹĻ£ߵƹ޼֮һܵǵˣ
ֱף̹㣡
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ܿģϺܸˣΪ˱Լϲ֮飬ֱӴһӣŵرʾ˵Ĳͷѣаˡ
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Ľ̲סЦЦҲڹ˵֮һ䡣
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ǵˣֻҪǵĳֻҪʳģҾ͸
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ѣвôΪʲôô㣿
ܳôһھУ
ҵ죬ʲôζҿˮѾ̲סˣ

ҶΪЩʳʱ򣬱ľ̲סš
С㣬Ҫмһ£
ĽסѾþˣҲǰСݺ͵λȻҵ
Ľ࿴ŶԷЦҡͷ
ԲأҪ̸Ǻ飬ϰ̸
һ㶣Ȼ󻺻Ц
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Щ档
֮ǰ˵Ҫô
Ľͷ
ǲҪ˼ڲǶˣ
ѵĲţԼΪʲôʡԼö飬ԼֶΪ
ͲĽʲôĽǱѾȥҰɵҪһʦͶԷһ¹ݵķɡ
ãĽ죬һǵý屨ֽϵļߺͱ༭ڳĽ෹˵ζ֮ϾΪˡ
ǻȥ֮дһƪıֱӰҲвͿе޵ġ
罻ýϳƪ֮˲˵ķ졣
ǵ罻ýpoԼ֮ǰҲҲŵ޷ζ
ʵ޷׼ȷ˵᲻ú̫ˣǱŲǼȥģŵζ֮ȻûκԵ뷨ˣ
ϴγԷʱڣʱһŮˣ˵ʱѡ̫ˣֱʳͳ˷ǸŮƯִ󷽣ÿһƿƣҼֵƵ֡
Ҳڣܺóԣƺܺúȡڳյζ֮ǰǸŮ˽գӦǶ·ˣ

Ľ֪Լһѡ
Ϊǰŵʱˣ˸ɵ¸ʱ䡣
ʦֻĺƸŽȥˣ棬ɫһһѿ
Ҳûа취
ȫֻĽģ֮ǰĽ
ĽȻʲôɫ
ĺǵһμĽóԼĽ룬ҲǵһνĽʩ롣
Լ֮ǰЩҽҪɴ䡣
Լһƴ򲢲ĽĽôȴĽ˽֮ղķ˹ҽ۾Ź⡣				

554

գҪǱħô
Ľϵı쳣Ρ
˵ħǺԣԼ˵˶ԷҲţҲ˵ˡ
ĺ۵˸һĨĹâ
Լƺ֪ЩҽĽôƳࡣ
ҲֻǺѣһлд֤
ղķ˹ϹĽĽ֮󣬿ʼͰǵ顣
ԭڹѾǵĺƴʱټֻܳΪһ֡
ɥҲܡ
Ͼղķ˹Ͱ»ǴѧԱԹأʦǣ淣վأ
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ܿ£רעضǰһ
ÿ˵ķʽ˶̫һЩҽѧ̩ܹ֮Ϊ̩ȻǵĿȡ֮
һѧٶԼ
ĽѾˣܲץס
ĽտһԱĺƣ̲ס䴽ǡ
̨ܹרģΪǰЩۣҲԼһġ
Ľļӳɣһеú˳
˿󽻸ĺЩѧͽǽУҲ˿ûʲôԹġ
Ľ򰤸Щҽʩ롣
Ŀ꣬
գ֮ǰҶΪָָʹʶ֮ȴżһҲͦġ
ոձİ»ЦеػԼ󣬷Լƺ֮ǰˣȫûһ֮ƣС
ÿһܹĽôһµĻԼö
뷨֮ҲֹסˣʼֺĽѧ
ĽݸһЦ
أȻһҪѧҽҽҲҪ¡ڻǴһѧԺлĻһܾġ
ղķ˹ȴԱһ⡣
ȥǹҽأǹԸԸ⣿ֻżУ
Ľû뵽һ⾹ȻԹմһҽѧ̩ؼңȻ֮á
ڵļʲôĻûйḻ
ⷽȹֻһΡ
Ź˵ѧϰֻʷĳг˯ʮѣδվһɳġ
ղķ˹㲻һֱ˵˵ҽôڻĻҲѧϰҽʱͲҸ룬ԼܸԼˣ
Ľྡơ
ղķ˹۾һʼĿԡ
һ˴ȥ֮󣬾Ϳżȹһİɵһˡ
ɵܣֻѯĽ྿ôˡ
ܳɹʮĸСʱ֮ûĻĸ׿ܻѹ
ĽҲû뵽Ȼܹô룬Ϊ֮ǰѾܶεԵʰɣ
ɵǧл
ǹ׼ġ
ѾϰĽһ֮󣬸Ľˡ
ΪʱȽϳԹ˲ٷǽ
ڻϰʮСʱ֡
ǽûж˳ŨζѾڸɢ
ĽŵζʱϾѾֳһĨѰζЦݡ
ҪԼһѡ
ͿĽ֮ЦеسĽüͷ˽һղЦݡ
ˣʲô㰡ֱ֮ǰٵĻҪ㡣
ԼоĲô

ѯʡ
תͷԬԼͣȻѾŬѧˣǻûеɷԵĳ̶ȡ
Ԭఴ͵˵ҽһ¡ǽ˷׷׵ͷ
ζ˵Ŀʹ·
ͽ˳ĺܶȻ˼ֻ˼һǮǣѶļݷǽ˳ȥ
ǲ˼ռôʱ䡣ҵһ⣬
͵֮ЦȥĽࡣ
ˣˣ
Ľ࿴ŹǴı飬Ц
ͻװɵ
˵ʲôˣ˵ģʶңѾվǰˣ㻹˵˭˭
Ľ࿴ŹͣװԴҪѰôοĹͣ۵ЦŨ
ٿȻתͷԷ˵
ͻΪĽˣ׼ȥСʱ򣬾ͼĽȻ̧ͷŨЦݣմ˹
۾һתͷĽϵĴ.ӡĴϡ
۾ǵЦݣϹȴֵĺί
ƣЩ˶ġҲˣڳԴס
Ľ̿
ڹ͵Ĵ.ǳ˼ڡ
ڣ˰ɣ
صĵ˵ͷȻ.سĽ˹ȥ
һˣô˵У
ĽеĿӲڵϣŵתͷŹ͡
û뵽徹ȻԼǰ˵ЩıˣľУ
ʵҲ̽Ľĵߡ
ȻԼĽۣ뵽֮Ľ໹Ҫعֿʼһ󲻰ͻ̿֡
֮ǰ˵ҲûҪĽԼĿϣԶֿ
Ľ࣬Ҫʮˣ
ڹڣŮʮ궼Լˣ				

555ӦԼ

Ľ㵵ؿŹͣԼȴһ
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Ĳǣʲôû󣬷ȫ⡣
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ԸҲƺûʲô˵ģ
ʵҲֻҪĽһοѣû뵽ǣĽྐྵȻͬˣ
ͬˣ
˵ģͬˣ
ĽϵЦݸӲãȻ˵ԼոյһҸԼ֤
Ԭ࿴ǰֺͽŶ֪ĶŵĹͣһ㶣Ȼ󻺻Цˡ
İɣ
Ľ֮ĹѾʶǸˡ
ǰǸŬϽ̤ʵϿҵĹˡ
ûԹĽ࣬ϾһĶĽϣԼЩɷݶѺˣеҲƲĽ档
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ڵôͳ⽨ð֮ǣάͣ档
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ԣǲһԣһ˫ɣ
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Ǹգ˵ǻһܳҽŰ»ղķ˹ЩҲҽѧ̳
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λƾʲô˵ľḻҾҪģҿľķḻĻһҲҲ³
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ĽֱһˣûĽ겻ɵ顣

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˷Ľ֮ǰ췽ҹ̷ȴһнпܡ
żǣ				

556º

վԱҲЦ
أպûмʱ䣬˵齻ĽǼʦָҴǺú棬Ľ಻ǶԹƱȤôȥ졣
Ľ෭˸ۡ
ĹƱ඼ˣֻҪȵԼع֮ǰЩƱȫ˻Ǽ֧ţƵĳ߹ɾС
ͼĽ಻ðϻһ˵ҪȥɨҲƴֵرʾԼеǮµĶԼҪԲ
ĽҲû
Լһ󷽣˵ľҲ಻ģϲռС˵ˡ
ÿγʲôʲôܻ취油Լ
ʱĸĺóԵģʱһС
Ȼ󣬵ǴŵȴǶԷ⡣
ľеǮĽȥƱˣҲûиĽ͹Ϳ
ԺӱĽþС
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ռҵ˱Ƚ϶֮࣬ǰ͸ΪҪԼʵ뷨ĽվԼߣһڴ֮ͥ´ӦĻ⣬ٴռ˵ʱһָ̬
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ԣһ仰ǸĽ˵ģڿοһ
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ʵˣϣ;֮ĽǵĸѾܵˡ
ֻϤİ˶ѡ
һ˿һѶ˾Ƶ֮󣬾ͼͷѾ챻Լץͺ˵Ǯвźƣ۾İķվĽķſڡ
Ľüͷ˽˹ͽԼȥϴ軻·
һ죬ۡ
ľЩ档
Ľ࣬ôŹܹǣһ˼أ
Ľҡҡͷڴϱ۾
˾ʹˣң㿴ĹֻǱΪ̶ʱܹôǮǴϵô
ľȻŻϵǮһ˵ǰɣǾĽ.ʩԲôͶá
Ľ˯Ĺ͵͵뿪˷䣬.˹Ǳߡ
˵滹֮ǰгĵ鱨档
Ӧ໥һ¶Էĵ鱨֪˴˵⡣ĽߺȱˣͬʱҲܿǵһ첻һ첻ʹáһϸȴȱٶڴֹ۵жϣһʶ㣬ֹҲΨһس࣬徢㡣
ԬڹΪͷЩ档
ľѧľģڵ͸۳ǻһ
ѧϰķʽһªͬڸ۳Ǽ԰ĵԼĵڶĸԴڿԬôĶԻʱæȥԼһʼǱ˹ȥ
Ԭ࿴ľһ֮󣬽Լ˵ʱ١
ľмؿ˶ԷһۣȻʼԼıʼϼ¼
ЩԼδвɶõıƸ
һܽᣬһŹ͵Ļ
ھ̷Ķ̫ףҲ˵Ķȷʵһĵ

ڱĽ˵赭дҪ֡
һϯľʼдġ
Ԭ̲סЦˡ
տʼģʼҲû뵽ԼܹЩ˴򽻵Ըոܷʱ򣬻Щ˵ƤˣҲץסصз롣Ǻְҵķ뻹һ࣬绹ûз뵽ֿԳڳ£Щ򵥵Ӣķӵĳ̶ȡԣͣ
ľصĵͷ
־¾ɣȻ
ҲǮвźͰķԼʱĽֱš
˹ɫƣĽӹĽݹˮҪĽԼ
˵ûǵĲȷ⡣ǵĶһģҲõģʼմﲻ̫ˡѾü¶벻ˣȥĻ˵ҪʧȥһĹɷݼ̳С
֮ǰ֮ҪĽ֣ҲΪ
һǣĽ྿ô֪ģԼЧ治̫ã
ܼ򵥰Ҫˣÿ춼ҪȥԼ˵ģ߲˵ʳ̶ȻһҲЧûңǲ̫ˣʤ¾ڲ⣬̶̼ʱҲһġ
˹Щš
ôܣ벻Ҳֻʱ䷢飬һǾǵĲ
Ľ಻ÿɷ
˭˵ԼҵĺӲûʲôñġ				

557Ԥ

ۿĽ಻˵ˣ˹ҲЩΡ
ǺðɣȻĻ˵Ӧô죿
ҪŤתĻ
Ľ˵ŴԼĳóһļ
˹ſһۣþǹı档
ҵķԵĻǾ̸⡣ҵķеĻôˣ
Լıġ
ǰġ
ʱĲؿҪгİԼ·һгԪضҪǳ˽⡣
ڲ̫˽⣬Ϊ˿г߹ĵط㣿סľƵࣿȻ׷ֵ⡣
˹ϲôɺϵ顣
Ľ˵Ƶ⣬ھóһ
޻̸֮
ȻĽвµ뷨Ѿ׼ĶȻĽϹߺŪԼ
һԵ̬˼֮ͷĽķд⣬ǲȫУһ⡣
Ҳ˵ĽԼҪԤ˵ĽЩԣ㹻ɫ
գ㾿ôģ
Ľ๴Ŵǣʡ
Ȳôģ˵˵Щ龿Բԣķܲã
õġ
˹ڼҲֻһҶôõСӶѡ
ҲֻҪһӪסͶѡ
ʵ֮ǰҲû̫ﵱһ£ԼͬĸĵܵܳɳޣЩĽţ˼
ֻǺԣǰûгС
õĻǲǿһ֮ĺ⣿
Ľóһļٶø˹Ŀࡣ
˹ڽļ֮ĿĿĽһۣȻһĽĳ롣
Ǹ滹ļô
еĻֱóɺã
ĻҲҪĽһĴεöˡ
ȻͼĽ˳룬óļ
˹еļһ֪֮Щļô
Ľ֮ǰóĵķ֮óļļ˵ĺ
ңЩһݱһݻҪϸ
óĺܶڱԼ֮ǰЩ˾ļоٵĻҪϸ
ԣԿɼ
Ľ಻ѾԤϵԼҪҹ˵ĺʽѾǰˡ
СڱȼЩ궼Ҫ
㾿ôģ
Ľ൫Ц
Ѿ˵Ŀ֪һѧҽҽ֮Ļҿ̫ܲ࣬ҪһЩȨ档
Ľóһļ˳ָеļ
ҶҲѾӱ˵Ŀ֪˹顣ҾĺʽĻ޺ңȥ˵ҪһһĲʮСĻҲ˻ȤԺ˵չ׳֮˭֪Է᲻ժӡ
˹һĿĽࡣ
˼ֱԼҪ
˵ĺⶼûкأҪЩ˿ժˡ
ԼףһȺ˲¹ͷĴǾôԴԼϵЩİɣ
ֻߣЩǶԼҪԵҲǺ޵ġ
ǶԵģԼҲϣһûôѾùĵһ
˸˵ĺöһϸڣȸ˹Ūһ֮ͷ֣ѾϳԷʱ䡣
һԷ
˹˲뵽˽Թһ̳ӡǽǳԵĺܳźܳţϣֶˡ
ǸǲǻǸķ˲ࣿ
Ľҡҡͷ
֪أģԳĸ˱ȽϺóԣԵԺ󷹵ơ
Ľ仰û˵ٻ
˹ܾûʲô飬Ҳͥ˿ǳԺֵı档
ڹںܳĲƷڹⲻһͬϾΪ٣ΪףκζŲһ¹ҪԼ᲻᲻ˮ
˹˶úܺóԵĻƲȻΪ
˹̬ʼԳ֮á
֪Ľ͸˹飬һ˼ڸĽ롣
һʱ䣬Ӳڳ棬Լĳշʮʮ
Ը˹ϳԷͱˡ
ҵ죬óԣ
Ҳóԣ
ɣǵƲˡ
ҾƲ˻Լ
 				

558´

˹ԭֻųԼڳˣϾԵ̫ˡ
û뵽ǣϵķҲôóԣȻһ߳һţǷŲ͡
ЩŵĶйӡ
ڹ.ϵسԳԳԡ
գҾҲҪΪδ˵ĺɰģһҪΪδ˵Ľģ̫ˡ
ĽЦŸԷһɽˮ˵ǡ
ʲôܺúȣ
˹ѾԵĳŵòУ¸ҵذһˮ˹һ֮ǰһ
úͶȵ㣬ǿθġ
Ľ˺óʱ֮󣬲ŸԷһÿһ߲˺ˮǶصĹܣȻһҽвҩ
˹ԥһ£ѯĽҽô
ڷϣ԰ɵзȨ
֪˹ݣҲ˹ҪҲŬҪٳɸ˹Ľĺ
ǣԼĽ˵һ顣
˹û뵽ԼȻ˱
ܹĳɹʴӶʮߵ߰ʮѾˡ
֮ǰѾ˵Ľһ˶ǸҺ͵ҽѧ̩
᲻ͷ۲үүһֱͷۣǲ鲻⡣
ĽҲûаѻ˵ֱ̫˵ԼҪ֪֮
˹ǵûоĽ಻ãĽ൱ӦĻžĽ಻һҽ
ؼҰ˼֮󣬼Ȼͬ⡣
Сʮ꣬ǻˣʲôҽ
үү֮ǰҲҽ˼һǳҽҲûкôʲôСﲻСˡҪԷ棬Ǿ棬˲ܡҪַʽСҳĻȰǿ˼
˹ż
˺Ůֻ֮˵ֹϵô Һ׵ģոոΪһ֪˭ôղķ˹»
Ҳ֪˭㹻ã԰Щ˼˸顣
˹Ѱɵ¸׶˵һ飬ְԼӾǱҲ˵һ飬ΪԼΪ¶塣
ҲֻǲҪүү̫˶ѡңβãҲаһ˿ܶһϣ
˹Ļûҵע⣬һֱź˹үүĹܼҰүӡ
үӻǵ۾ǵĹâ
ã̫죡֪Ϊ.ˣ

ȥ˽һ¡Ǹ˹˵Ҳ޷
үʵҲԼ׵ӣŴӸ˹»ǵ֡
Ͼ˹һȺ棬Щ˵֣ԼҲ಻
ĽǾ뵽˲˹
ϲ˹֮ǰСͲ󣬵ҲΪǰСͶоȡ
̫Сˣ
ûʮŮ졣
Ľ̹Ȼվǰ˴Լʸ߻
˿˰֮󣬻ص˵ͷ
˹һĲ
ԿóǰСҽĲΪһվƺ̬Ⱦͺ˽Ȼͬ
Ľ䴽ǡ
Ӻܹ֪֮Ҫҹơ
˲ÿɷ
Ľȥһ֮ͨ󣬱ʾⶼʱµĲ
עĻͷ۵ëҩĻҾͷ۲ãһӾ硣
үüͷһ塣
˵
ĽûпԷϵĲãЦš
ͣЩץŵľͿʵķˡ
ЩĽĴ󵨡
ҿΪǸ˹й˵ҵô
˹ļҵٹ⡣ԣұ˰ɣ
С֪˵ʲôô֪Ϊ˹ܾʲôô
֪ʸ˹ĻԷһĻش𡣡
˲̫ţĽҲûиԷʲôֻ˲֮óԼĽ롣
ҿĽĽ붼ǲ
Ҫͷģƫ˵Ļ˵ֱӵزˡ
Ľ΢Ц
룬β룬ۡҿԽѡ񣬷ν˹ѾƷѶˡ
˹мĿĽһۡ
ǲ̫Ҳ֪ĽҪϴɡ
㿴ңҿ㣬˵
˭Ҫеֻж˹վ˳
һΪүү룬ҲĽټڼЩҵҲûͼģֱӱʾͬĽơ
ʵĽۻҪүϡ
˻ǵĿؿһ۸˹֮󣬼ɼôӴһĨ̾Ϣ۾Ľͷ
ɣ
Ľ಻Ųæǰ׼ذһ˶Էͷ 				

559¶

ϢؿǰһĻ
޷ôôͷģҲ޷һ˵ͷô֮ȻһⶼûУ
ǣʵ֤үӺȣһⶼûС
Ľָָɿ֮󣬾ͼոշֵһ뿪ʼСȵĲһ𣬾Ǿ¡
ǹһôãĽĿ֮˽롣
ԭҪȥүôȴĽסˡ
ܼҡ
˹ӦҲ˯ϰɣ
ܼҴʱسĽͷ
ţһιƻ˯ʱȽϳԲżİɣһѵġ
һϲ˹˯̫ˡ
ֻĽԱߵţϲ˹ļ˺͹ܼǶڵš
ǲ˹ĺ̫Ļ˵Ϊ˹ʲô顣
ĽߣһеظĽӳԡ
һһһꡣ
ˣһιһԣϵļĬֻ֡
ԹΧ۵ĸ˹Լеį
˿ϵӣֿ˿ӣش˹ȥ
һԼԲ꣬ġ
ܲܡ
ֻǸ˹ûڣͼĿһۣĽͶιһ֮ʣµֱӷŽԼ档
˼ԡ
ҪӣŶûУ
ֻŶӶûУ
ӳĽԳ֮⣬ֻԼԡ
˹̲סŹͷ˸ۣ޺޵һӰҲܴСֱԼ档
ɽˡ
ǱߵүҲѾˡ
Ҹոգ˯ˣ
Ͷ˹۾Լ˯һôá
ĸо
ܼվԱЩˡ
үһ𳤴󣬶үӵĸúܡ
ۿŲ˹ֲʹĥôãԼҲļ١
˹Ϊүҽܸ˹ôģʲôĿģԸ˹ʾл
٣Ժ˹Ժú˯Ժúõ
˹һʱҪõҩҩҸһݣҲ˸˹һݡû취ƵĻڸ˹ľƵסţԸơȻǮҲҪġ
Ľʲô˵ʲôҲ˵ΪԼ͸˹ĹϵԲҪǮ֮Ļ
ϾЩ˶ԣǮˣ˵
õģС㣬һҪˣ
רҵҽڣ˹ȻԼЩ顣

ָָԼԴ
ûκôҪô
棬ʱȷʹеģ˸ո˯һȵؾԼ졣
ĽЩЦ
ҪĻȻǿԵġǵõ֮֮ҪٻһҩʱٸһΡֻ֮ҾҪعˣ
˹һ㶣ȻʶĽྐྵȻMᡣ
С㣬ܲһʱ䣬ȵĲ֮뿪ʱ򲻹ʲôҪǶġ
Ľҡͷ
أ
ҶɻĽΪʲôܾôõĻᡣ
˭
ǲ˹塣
Ǹ˹˵˿ڡ
񻹲ֻһѧѡûбҵһγҲܵ˱˵Զ֮ҪȥϿΡ
˹ĻôҴһ
ļҽȻֻһѧ
ǻЩרҵ˲ŶǸģ
ǲǱĽ
Ľǿ겡뿪˲˹ȴò˹˴Ӵ˻ڵҽǶ뷨
ϲ˹ֱӰѵĽǵ齻˹ܼҴ
ûͷ۲ֻһɣ鶼˲١
ΪֱӸ˹һƵľӪȨȴԷܾˡ
үүҲҪҪԼȥҵ
㴴ҵ֪ôҪʲôô
Ų˹εɻ󣬸˹Ҫ˵Լʲô֪ûʲôֻܾɥҡҡͷ
Ǻã˭
˹¡
հ
˹۾Ҳһ
Ľֻһѧ˸ߵҽ˺ҽԺҩƷ˾ĻƺҲ
û뵽ǣ˹ҪĽ࿪һꡣ
Աߵĸ˹Цһ
ְ֣˹һҪȥһ£ôܲͬأʱǻɴҵô
˵ϲ˹Ҳûƫ̻뷨ֱӰڰ֣ø˹Լ档
Ǯˣأ
ңǮĻĽǱ߿ܻҪǷԼһ顣
үүҪҵĹ˾ǲ˹֮⣬˭ܸ棬ҵĸĸ
˻һҺôЦ
˹ǵͨһƬ֪ԼЩôû취ԼŬɹġ
һᣡ
ãҴӦ 				

560ɵɵ

ҶûаѸ˹ĻϣŸ˹Լĸĸûа鵱ġ
ǣԽǴҲԼǸ˹ԽҪŪá
ԼѾϰĽЩ֮ٳĶЩʡ
ǰϲԵЩͨķ֮ĶҲˣԻҪĽúһ¹˺⡣
ʵȴĽǵҳԵġ
ĽϲּϾ˹źܴһ˺Ⱥ塣
˹еȫĽ֮ԼʼĽ֮ǰŪЩķʼġ
ĵĹбȻСΧڳһЩõӰ죬þƵͲһЩ˶˲ͬĿ
Ѿֵϲ˹Ǳߡ
ϲ˹ΪЩɬҩ֭ʹ۵УڽӵϢ֮󣬻ЩȻ
Ѹ˹ټѯʹⷽ⡣
Ȼ˹ⷽ
үүҲ֪ģǰ;ӪһҾƵͲýֵǵҺáҲЦҶѾ벻ˡҲòİ취Ҹ˵һǾƵͲڵ⡣
һ̫ˡǡ

˹Щ٩٩̸̸ֹǵš
ϲ˹۾©һĨ
ԼûиЩӱôദƾԼĵľҲ֪Էһʲôˡ
˹ǸúӲ
һֱΪ˹ھ̷ûʲôȤԺǸ̳
û뵽ĸ˹Լһľϲ
˹˵֮󣬷游Լ˵濩һΪԼòԡ
ⶼԼģ
˹εͷҲûаԼ
ǣүү֪ҵģô֪Щⶼոҵġʵ֮ǰҵղΪƵľңһЩסھƵ꣬ܺóԡȻҲǿ˱ֽôǰǸֽүүûУ˵ľҵĲķ̫óˣóԵ˳һٻҪ١
ʵҪպģҲǺΪǻˣûⷽľ飬ҪҪΪһӡ
鸥˹²˵ϲ˹Ҳ֪淢˵ʲô
ԣֱӰЩ㣬Ȼͱסˡ֮˳µؿʼΪˣ
˹۾ĵ˵ͷԼھƵ귿ĽһĻ˵˳
游֪նԤԼֱ̫ˡûȥ֮ǰѾ׼ݺͬһݺһݶͬãݾǩµĺͬ
ϲ˹Ƶ̾Ϣһǰֵӣ֪˵ʲôΪá
ѵʹûЩǱ˸ģȻŪô
ƾһʱĽӴͶһ¶壬ϲ˹ûϰߡ
˹Ҳûϰߡ
Ҳ֪ԼӾϸ졣
˹ͣȻֻرˣ˰֮رʾûϵ
ԼŪģ˰ŪġԼյʵǰ϶顣ңȻǸϰԼŪʲô𣿷Ժ֮ȻҲԹ۾ǡ
ϲ˹Եһ£Ȼ󻺻صͷ
ˣû뵽
ܼҳֽ֮ϵıЩ֡
ŻĲ˵
ܼҰһļݸ˸˹
˹˵ȡʼʶ
ֻԽԽԾԽԽȡ
յģ
֮һ㵵̧ͷԼ游ȴֶԷԼͬԾ
ԱߵϹܼ̲סЦˡ
ǰ첻ǻҪǸڹ׬\ôҿҲҪٵˣѾˣ
˹Ŀ͵ؿϲ˹ٿǰһļϵЦЦݡ
ֲǰ컹ûǮ˵׬СǮȴԭ游¶ôû¶ĻȳȥճǮ
֮ǰҪĻҪôĸǿҪǮɣԭʼʽĽ඼ܹԼˡ
˹ҪߣȴϹܼҽסˡ
ôˣ
˹һ±ƣʼԼǲˡ
ϹܼȴεЦЦ
Сүû˭ǮأȥĥƤӽǮΪʲôųڣ
˹գգ۾ȻϹܼҵ˼ʱһ߸ߡ
游ԸǮң̫ˣ̫ˣ
ϲ˹˸˹һ֧Ʊָ֮һŸ߶ȵġ
Ȼ֪տܲȱǮأʱҪҲһѴĲô 				

561¾Ŭ

˹е֧ƱĽʱ϶Ľ
游Ǯҵʮж࿴ң
ƺеƺ䡣
Ľ֧ƱЦЦ
үӲǿ㣬ǿҡ
ô˵
ش˲Ľ࣬ĽԱߵĹ͡
Ҳûʲôүүϱҽ׬ǮǶ۹⡣ĽһǮ׬ǮĻԵǲ˹Ľĸлһ׬ȡһʲƵӶҲ֤Ľ
˹û뵽ⱳȻЩ
Щ±ơ
Ȼأ
׬ǮĻô죿
׬ǮĻðһǮĽǮԺǲ˹ˣүүǲѴ֮Ūһҽһãһʯ񡣡
Ľһۺ˵˵ˣ Ҫ˵
ŬŬͣһ۾ŨŨЦ⡣
ǰֺϷˣоô
ĽԼҲЦˡ
һһʯģһ㶼§ݴӣһһƬ
͵ͷ
أ˵öԣ̫Сˣⲻóԡȥ㿴ֻӣһɣ
˵ɾ͸ɣȥʳȥˡ
ֻʣĽ͸˹ˡ
˹ԼҲ׸ո˵˻˵ʲôʯͷ˺Ȼ͵˳Եˡ
ԺԶĸֳ֮ǰЩˣʶѯĽӺòóԡ
ܣǰҲǺϲɰС
Ľͷ
ó԰
ۿŸ˹һ߸ߵسȥҹͣĽе֧Ʊε̾Ϣһ
ԣϲ˹ôһɵСѣ
ǺС׽
ĽûгȥæΪиҪҪ
˼ʱĽӴײķǮвŪ˱˴˵ݺ͵λҲ֪˱˴˵Ƿȱ
ľ߰æ˴˵ĶԻǮвżܱĳһⷽĵʻ߾ӡ
ԣҲѧ˲١
ǿܶѾ˵ˣҪ͸˹꣬һ˻һ˸顣
ķǮвŶһۣƺѾˡ
ϵǣǮвŸķȴǸĽˡ
ǮвŵĽͺܼ򵥡
ȱٵ۽磬ǸŸ˹Ҹ׿Լ۽硣֮ǰСպͰķ˵ȽʺѧҾ
ķҲơ
һǸĽ߱ȽѧϰЩĻԣһҲǴһȫȻİĵطʼĳ徢͸ɾ
С㣬Ҳµġ
Ȼܹ¸ҵشԼĹ˾ְѾ˸ı״ľġ
Ȼ˶ѾˣĽҲûʲô˵ġ
֮ǮвžͿʼڸ˹ƨ.ɺ棬ƴԼܹյĶ
ķĽȥ˹Щ֧Ʊ
ǰͬǼİķûĳĬԺηηŬǽ飬ܲô࣬Ҳǰ˲١
ľһֱǮвźͰķģӣľԼҲܴ
ΪʲôǺȴôûأһ򵥵ķ񶼻ƾ
Ԭȣúܶࡣ
Ҫͱ˱ȡԬͣ͡Լ̫ˣʵ䷴ġֻҪŬþСǶԵġ
ľܱοһȴûзƴسʵԼ
ʼÿÿй䣬ͣغİ˵ĶԷĹָ顣
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е˻ԼеһЩȤľİĳм
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ϲ˹Ľ͹ڼԷųԵһ룬ǮвźԬѾδҵĽ࣬˵д·
Ľɫһ䣬Ѿ˲õԤС
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ĽͷöԷԼȹȥҽԺȥǡ
ڿĽʱ򣬺ݺݵһ
ǱεĻҲĽ
û취κˣֻĽ֪һϸ֪ĽԲԼ
ԲοҪ鷳ˣ
Ľҡҡͷ˳ǵļ鱨棬ϸļ
ĽѧУʵûѧһǣǰҽԺʵϰʱѧ˲١
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ͬ־Ҫ밡ողǶѾ𣿡
ǰҾҶˣˣ

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ƸмĳĽ˵һлл
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MǵҪۺǮԼģǮ̫ߵĻȥ
εҲûôĶҲûЩȽҽĸ߿ƼĶ
Ľֱ˽֡
ΪԷȴ˶ԷһЩ˵Ĳųʳж顣
Ľൽ֮˽תͷľ
ľԼҲһ㶡
⼸пյʱͳȥ죬ȻϻͱŸָ鱾ʼУָſУټǰЩǮвźͰķһȥгҵǰδⷽ˽ĺ
ǼǮ棬ǲϷ棬ֻǼӹ档
ֻǮвźľ˹ȥĻԷһ˵ʵмһķʹͬ
²ǸļǮ̫ˣг2.5
ľֻǼ򵥵Ŀһ۱۵üͷѾᡣ
ֻ⽻ģҲƣľĻŷӦЩ˸ı۱еĻҪߡ
Сհ⼸ܲƸ㵱ǵĹʣʵҲûʲô¶ҲҪ㷭룬Ǹһ˾С 				

563µ

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ʱ仹磬ʱߡ㹻ʱ䡣
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Ľ½ţҲķչ
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԰ѾҪΪҵ̳ˣҲѾҵԼһƬأȻأͲãôͲӻôô
ݣǸҲûмǮɣ
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ʵҲΪ˴ֻͣǾùͬ
ҲĹͻʹ״һ겻
ңϻ˾һǰհԣԤԵһˡ
͸Ľ˵룬ԽԽԽԽϵķ˶ûгԣֻǸĽ˷֮󣬼æԬҵԼĺ顣
Ԭһ߷룬һΪĽĻ𶯡
Ľϡ
ǰ֪ԼĽԶŷϵĲࡣ
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ԭΪԼǹϵĺð֣ԣĽҪöࡣ
ֻչ˹͵ĹĽǹ͵ĵ˹ͺڰãδ				

564µ

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̸ôˣ
Ϳ˶ڣЦеسĽ˹ȥһǳǡ
Ұ㣡
ĽϵЦݸŨˡ
ǸӰңǸӰҸĽ飿
͹һЦ

ľҲĽˣԹˣ⧲˱һĻ˼һûôԼˡ
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ôˣ
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ǵģǾƭӣ֮ǰ˵ʲôǹҵʲô꣬ƭӡ

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Щ֮ǰѾˣԴγò˵һ̧Ʒ۸ǲƭˣȻ˽䵹һңֱҪ̫֣
Էڱ²ǵƸѹסˡ
ǽҲԣֻܹǵĶҪȻĻǵĶ뿪
ǵģǴ˭ߵĶǲ̣ǲͬĻǸû취Ѷ˳ȥ

ڳ²취ʱſڴ˼ž.ž.žĹ
˹ǹڵôۼĻΪԷʲô˺ǿأ
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ЩҲͲ˹־ްԱȲ
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˵˹ͦģŶǼղ˹				

565µҳ

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ûɣ
ľ˵󲻴˵ССֻǳ²ˣԷļҲˡ
һ˲ɫϱˡ
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ЩŲΡΡѯʶԷǻǲ˹ģ
ôʲôʱͻ˹ϵôˣ
ոջڵҪȳ²ǰѶֱӲ˵ˣһҪСЦ
²ʵǿЦѡҪǶĻͼô
ĳ²Ҳ˵˵ʾ˶ǵıӺ֮Աǡ
ллˡŲ˹ĶǵĲ˼ҼǮֵ͡
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Ϊ˱ʾǶԸ˹ĸл²ִ븥˹Ը
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˵ɣǼ¶ĻҼ˾Բһ				

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˵۶һڳ˳İҵ˳װ衣
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Ľϵıɲ
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ոջΪϵζµĻڵأڼĽʱͿʼЦ
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567Ե

ĽͬʱҲλˡ
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غǺЦţǲĳĽ˹ȥɶԷסԼĸ첲ҲסĽҪȥ涫֡
㣬㡣ְܹöġ
ĽԺǶ֣ʱҽԺסԺʱ֪Ůˣһ˫ֿܹβ˵ġ
ĽҲûǿ
ô
ôʱ䲻ȻۺӵģҪԼö
˵֮󣬻СĿĽı顣
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ﲻ۵ؿǰĺԺ
ѧУʲôôԹԣҲ߯ˣҲ߯ˣ
ȻҲǼסȽǺĺԺֵطȻǲܱȵġ
ٿĺԺԺŵ߲ˣ̲סЦˡ
ҲѧֵģֵĵǺá
ƴӭ˳
￴Ľ࣬ٿƴЩɶͷԡ
ĽЦЦ˽ܣҲӾǹ֮ǰµģʱס
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Ľ͹͹ϵĺãҲûжʡ
Ͼôණ͵ĹôǮƱ񲻹סһӶѡ
Ǻ̹Ȼ
ǴĶ˳ƴﾹȻҲûһϲ
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⼦Ʒðһ֪ƽʱĲ
⼦ɱеϧŰɣҿÿҲҪµˡ˼ĽÿŪɰ

ĽŻƴԴŵ̲סЦˡ
ƴСڻʳǸϳʲôɽ
ֻò￪һѡ
Щм
˳Էʱ䣬ƴȥæµˣҲĨӣֱ˵ԼҪæ
ĽҲûţʱű˲öԷɻԷû˲Уڡ
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Ľ͵͵ذԼ֮ǰ׼õĶص˹ȥ
ڹĹ͵͵ԼģӵѩѣиָµĴ
ЩƣĽ໹ûó
Ľ࣬ʲô
ȵĽؽ֮һóѩѳһڻǷֱ˵ǹڵ̱ȽϺó顣
ȴЩ֡
˵ʱҲÿ쵽һˣҲõĻʪֽһһˡ
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ԼҹŮββˣ
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Ľ൫Ц
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˽⵽һ֮ЩЩۡ
Ů̫ܸˣǺԺܽû
ԽܸɣϵصԽ
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ƴԣæмѻˣõĽмһۡ
극Ľˢ룬ͿʼԼǴĶ
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Ҫĸصģкüơ
ɲҪƿɲǸȵġõ˵ģֻ߼ˣֱóɡҵʮĴ峤Ҷˣ				

568ȥҪ

Ľһۡ
˵ʲôô˵ôࣿ˵Ҫʲôû˵
ؼæеͶ
úúã˵ĶԡС֮ĶȾ֮ǴˡǸˡͬ־ˣǺܶԲ𡣡
ݺݵ˶Էһѣְһۡ
Ӷأ˵˵Щʲô 
ЦЦ˵ˡ
ƴﵹԱЦŴԲ˵˸á
ﵹǲ˴ӽ鵽ڣûô
ʱԼܵˣүӵƫ̻ҲûڳĬվԼߣ֮ǴԼӼ뿪
ûԴܾ֮ﶼԾ
Ľǿһ·ͦÿġ
غĲֵĲΪһϣȻ֤ĲòֵֺƣΪس紵ɹģûĲϸƤѡ
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ҲúÿĽ·
·ͲҴģҲ̫
µظɻɶʱܴϰ
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סĽĥӲݵĲﻹǴˣȵ֮ǰһ
ôˣǵ˵
ĽЦ۾ȴת
˵зȨ
ȿȣԴģƯ
ﳤòƯںͿ֣ԽԽúÿ
Ƥ𪣬˳죬ɫͦõġ
Դһװ֮󣬰µظɻˡ
·ţ촩ԺҾˡǹʱʹϣʱȥתתĸʲôģÿߴϣ˼˵Ϊǽأ
һ죬ȥšĽֵͣĽϣû֡
ľǻױƷ֮Ķ
ֻУҲأ
ŮĸϲԼƯƯģ
Ľļˮ֮Ķֲǻױҿġ
Բ̹Ȼˡ
ɴϣŽ췢飬ǻָס
أϲﴩһװĳ棬һȡ
ǣŲ˹ȥ
տʼŭһ֮󣬾Ͱư͵Ӧˡ
ɢ֮˵ԼһֱĿǡ
һͦõģ֮ǰ˵ͶӸĽôôͼʯͷ
üͷ
ǰ
ǲǻؼˣ
֪Ľû˵ҲûüʡĽһνǹĿģҲû˵أ
˴¶˯һϣȵڶʱ򣬻ƴѾѷˡ
ʯͷѾ͵ѧУ
Щ࣬ݺݵصһۡ
̫Լôᡭ
Լ۹۱ǣǹģʲôûзһø
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ŶʵһνеһҪ˹ţһҪλͷȥүүϾҲ̫㡣
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Ľûڼңƴﵹǰм䷢Ƿֱ˵һͨ
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ѾǵǸĬԣֻ֪ͷɵˡ
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Ľ࣬ ȥҵҲҪһѾŮˣƾʲôǰιԼǵҪ
ҲҪȥģǱͳһˡ
ȥгˣȻһˣŶӡôˣ˼Ҽ϶Կˡ
ĽʵѾ˵ַᳵ·ص˵ط
ţĽǺ˵˵Էǲ˽ȥ
ĽüԶһʻ˹ǰͣ¡
ͬ־Ҫȥô
һˣĽǺƵشк
Ľһƣⲻߵô
˶ԷĻǺܿУĽߵʱԸǵǸ
ĸս𣬵ܵ˵ȺòԼСŮͳȥ
֮ԭҪŮһžۣɺоʮĵӣһοˣԥҪҪϵ˵ʱ
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˼˵һ±˴ô͹е
ȻԱͷʹޣͺôûзֿһ
֮ǰȽ±ƣ˸ĸ˵ôôĲ֮ԼҲͨˡ
ڽĸʼѯʳɷͺΪʲôûйʱ򣬳˳ɫ
ĸһƣɫ˲һ䡣
Ϊǳ˳ίԼҺӣû뵽˳˳Ľ𸸽ĸŭ
ǺòһŮȻһռҸˣˣ
ֱͱѡ				

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մ󺣴ųڵ۶֮˰ȫ˹
˳Ҳһ۶˵ԼҼȥ꿼˴ѧҲסһ
ǲ˳ϵԭ˵ĽǺͳŮסһ𣬲ͼӴ׵ذĽĻڵ˵һ顣
ѺүǶʲôãĸףѵẦôǸѾͷȰ棬һմĶӣĶҲˡ
һѹ˵ŻԱĨᡣ
ίһ㡣
𸸽ĸŵӵĳ۵Ըӡ
ԵڶһֱȥմǣֱӰ˴
ǸǵģŮҪҲա
һ磬ǽӵĵ绰˵մ󺣵Ůؼң𸸽ĸֱӸܾˣ˵Լʶʲôմ󺣵ġ
մ󺣴ڿţֻձ
Ѿнһˡ
ɲԼô˵Ҫ뿪𸸽ĸܾˣﻰⶼ˵ҪֲǰԳչˣ͡
ҲûҪ뿪ſڶаŶģŶԷվڵЩǹҲҶ
ңĵǣЩ˻Ľ಻
ԼߣҲűס
ڳҼֵһȥ˶Ȼ֪﷢һУǵСձźҲ˹
СԼϱڳ˳ǰûлȨԼҪ뿪Ҳ˵
ֻŵԼ̵̣ɷͺˡ
Ҳմһû뵽ĽྐྵȻôͻˣһš
𸸽ĸЦ
ǲõģȫ¾һֻèèûǵҲͨЩվڵˡ
һ䣬ǵļžͱ˴ˡ
һóֻ֣߲ӦóǼóſڡ
ողŵ˵Ľ𸸴ʱֻԼһȡ
ޱؿǰ˺Св²ŶԷݡ
ڿվŵͤͤģͳлƵĽ֮󣬲³˶Էݡ
Ľࣿ
ȷĽݣſء
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ϾܹҵˣûĲĿԱȽϴһ
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ٲ˵ȥò֡
ҲĲĵܵءһù۶¶ԭҪȥҵȥ֮ȴҵˡ
ϵı鲻
ǱھӸ֪ĻҶȥɳǱأ
üͷ
ĽԼҵһ
̬ȶʱֲ
ԼҪͼ죬㻹Ȼȥɣ
˵žҪţȴĽۼֿĸסˡ
ҹүүҪҪͣҲүү˼ɣ˵ҵǧظϹܼܲһĹûУôֲ˼ô
Ľ㹻˸
մ󺣻ԥԼҪҪȥʱɲ߶ʮһһСһֱӴɳ۾ֱӳſڳ˳ȥ
ڿǰĽ֮˵ȥסĽĴ.ȾͿʼޡ
㣬ۣڻˣҺòҰүүòҰǰŪߣŹŻң˵Ҫҡ
Ľ§ס裬ԭΪװҵڸܵԼϵ֮һֱѹŵĻǻɽһ
ЦһɫЩƵĽ𸸡
ҹ˵ͣ͵ĻǲȥǼҲͣǼ׼˼ֻǼҿ˫Ǽ淿Ƚ٣ǼĺԺҪӾмӣĻһԼ
Ľʮ㣬
մҲûס˳ﻰⶼ˵ĽĲǣʵȴڷ˼ҡ
Ľ࣡˵ʲôѧôĶôʲô֮үү֮ǰ̵ģ
𸸵ֱˡ
ĸҲ̲ס˳ĿĶĽ࣬պ
СѾͷôֲ㲻ϲСҼöˡĸ.赱ͲӦð				

570

մٺõƢʱҲ̲סˡ
ŭվĽǰά
ոŮʶǸӡԼҪҲͲˡ
ָų
ûǼ޵ռңôҲûпҲмЩ곣˶ǵĶ෽ԮûһԲסġ
մ󺣰ѳ޵һ׮׮һȫ˵һ飬ǵΪϱĺŪӶûеҲ˵һ顣
˵ĽȴΪĸծԼ˴£ԼܹҪسȴûǸ档Ƿ˼ҵģǸˡ
˵裬ĸӲĸ׽ûмĽ࣬ƾʲôĽһ֮͸ĽߣΪĽ಻Ҫĸ
մְ͹άĽ˵һ飬м䲻˵˸Ľַľ
һӯˣǹжԽޡΪ࿴һ˼ңΪ˼ǮƣĽ໻ǳԸô
ңһͷнľѾģŸϿҲܹΪҼһĽΪܶȣǰʦҸȻˡȻҲ̫ҪҲúѹ

մһ̵ִվĽߣݺݵذһȺһ١
𸸽ĸɫһٱ䣬תͷ˳˳ϣĿ¶ѯ֮ɫ
ٵģǼٵġҪǡ
ۿôĸҪջˣȴҪԼָ֮ˣʱһԶ˵ֱӷϡ
һ˵Ĳմ󺣣衣
ƭӣǶƭӣʱҺʯͷѾˣҪҽ㲻עʱ򣬰ҽˡ
ҽôãÿζԵģ·⹫ѶǺˡǶǺˡ
Ҿϲҽ㣬ҽµһĺý㡣ǰҰְÿζ״ң趼ңֻޡÿ˵ĺ۸ңҪȥ˼ҼǸÿμкóԵҲǸҵģǸҰְֵġһðְ֣Ҳһɷ򡣡
Сһᣬǿ̧°ͣһֻֻǽرĽĴ.ȣԼһĽҪ뿪һ
ĽСͷ̾Ϣһ
ԼѾŬˣһƺӵ˲ĥӡǡ
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Ϊһ̫ķˣҲ̫ķѸˡ
ȤģֵͶĶкܶ࣬ҪԼ˼ѵȥ
ԼǰЩԵ־ǺǳûϵҲջ˸ġ
û뵽С棬Ȼ뷨
մ󺣵ָ𣬽𸸽ĸл˵ģһӵĿߣ˾һ棬˵ʲô
˵ˣҲˡ
ҲľŹǣֻܴΪŮίֻع
˵AҽѧԺѧֻ֪֪Ҫһ仰ͺܴܿѧУؼ㡭
ĸһ
ȻҽѧԺν̵ģǶǱߵʦҲϤ
δ䣬ͼԶһ˹
ĸʶԷǽڿԷֱ֮ӱ˱顣
ֱƿǰˣЦеسŶԷӭ˹ȥ
ͬ־æôǲλͬ־Ҳ
Ľתͷ˹ȥ
ͼſڸոհͽˣҲ˵ʱЦеվſڡ
ǺǣֻǷ¶ѡּʶˣԹк
һ±Ƶ˳ŶԷ߿ԼһȺˣЩɶͷԡ
ԼһȺˣũģũġ
ôʶǰĺ˶
ü˼ʱ򣬾ͼѾԽֱӳһ˹ȥĽǰͣ¡
ոձȽϼǸʺˡǷģСͬ־ĸװɣλСͬ־үүλֱӽСС
֣ǰЩ±Ƶһһ֡
ĽЦá
µ˷ĸոմʲôԹԼųӵģʵĲá
һݺ⣬ˡ				

571˭

Ȼ֪ǰȻֵķ˭ǿŽ𸸸ոĵģҲµ˼֡
̬Ҳ֣
ǷһǿѾʶ˺þһ
һ飬Ƚϴæһȥϰݷòүӡ
մ󺣸Ľ൹ʶ˱Ƚ϶࣬Ҳ÷ʲôֺǺǵظԷڰ֣ǰ˵
ǼһмƿþƣĽ˾ϲȾƣʱǶ
ϣû⡣
߹Ľ𸸿ǰˣЩɶͷˡ
ɺ˲̫һ
ôȾƣϾƺ׳¶
ǰǵиĴһ飬ȥԷĿ˵ԼξƲմġ
Ȼͬմ󺣵룿
ĿĽϡ
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ϾԼݺ͵λҲվڷǰһС
ɷȴĽǰһһСͬ־һһСͬ־
ʵĻ
ֻôϡƽ򵥵֣㹻ܹܶ顣
ţŲͣ˹ȥ
Ǻǣͬ־ԭʶĽడ
ĵͷĽЦЦ
ʶȻʶϴμĽʱ򣬶ԷǴ۽磬ȻӢ갡²˵һܹɫĽĸ˵²ҪȥݷҲ˵أ
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Ҳûʲôֻǻѡ˵˹֮Ǿһˡңǳ²֮ǰϳңкҲҵң˵Ҫæأ
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Ľ˼˵䣬ѯҪҪߡ
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һΣзڣңߵʱ򣬻Ӽ˲ٲĺöմ滹һ˵šϸ硱ôô
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Ľĸ༶֪ô
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ĵ绰ҪУĵ绰ֱӸԷ˹ȥ
绰Ǽ
УӵģУӵġ
ĸѽ췢˵һ飬ȻĽĴҪУתһУѧУҵ鷳
ȻôֱףУȴ˻֮
˵УܲʶĽ֪࣬Ǽܿеġ͡ߵĹСʦá
ԼϵĨĻױƷϴ·ԼˮҲĽӹġ
㣬鲻ǲæѧУȻôһѧʶҲʶĽ໹ܹʦΨһĵӣҲܵСʦãʶڣĲˡԽ⻰ҵûҲû˵ô				

572ŵǸ

ĸһãȻعҶ˵绰
Ľ಻һũСѾͷôһԾУѹʦΨһӣ
ʱȻմ֮ǰʱ˵Ļ˵ѾҪˣĽǰʦҩذκˡ
ʱҲűֽ˳ϵıЩ
ձˣ֮ǰȻ˳ϳȥˣ
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ĸѸոԼĵ绰˽𸸡
Լеıֽݸ˽ĸ
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Сסôһܲϰ߰ɣ
СԴ˵
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ƴǻΪĽǻأȥ˻
Ӵүӣ˲١պãһֻʵļһǶȵһ㣬ϲģǺյģ
ƴɫɤŶĴ˵֮һ緢ĸо
մҲûиԷֱ˵Լ԰æɱɱ
Ȼմ
մ󺣿ʼæڼɨشɨԭΪԼؼҾܼʯͷǻͷȴ֣ʯͷȥѧˡ
ãʯͷؼңһֿʼ֮ǰܰ֡
մ󺣳Աֻϸ̾
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Ǽ̫ˣһҪȥǼҡ
ʯͷ֣Լ˲ֿ
ĽЦá
Ǳ߻ƴȴԥѯʵСΪʲôûл鵱лЩԹ
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ĽǶôãŪŪǸ
һλС·߻Ǹ۵СӶѾװһӡ
ĽʵҲⵥСյĲס
Ͼ˳һ˶ϱģȻ˵¶Ӳ˾˻ûߡ
ûǣǺȻҲûаһĶԹǵϡ
˵ѾĽôõŮ˵ԼһûĽá
Ǻ֪㡣
Ľȫתת￴˱Сݺݵ˼Ƭ
ﶼĽ̫˷ˡ
˭ʱգڽʱˡ
밡ѵҪؼҵʱǿ۶ķѵҪԺ֮ٿԼʱòң첻ѵļƯŮƬ˵ʱóúƣ
ʱЦˣĽ
߲ߣ߲ߣԼģ
Ľ಻ĵ׷ʶԷԼƯƯ
ЦŲ˵ǿԿóϲĽദʽ
ǹں龫ǽµһƯ
˶߿˹
ĽԭҪĸǰлϥµģû뵽һŪǳ˸ġ㡱
˴֣˵˵ЦЦһֽˡ
ǻؼ֮󣬾ͷԼſվһ
Ľ߹ȥһƣˡ
һǷĺͳ²ǣһǽ𸸽ĸһƿ
Ա߻վűźӿƣĵСա
ƴӴһ߹ȥŵСհѺӱ˻
ôŽݣ汧ˣ
СЩ˼
֮ǰߵʱߵ̫ż˴ԿףǰǸŴȥģҲûдԿ׵ϰߡֽȥˡ
ƴƳһԱվŵĳ˳һ
Ҳ˰㱧һǸС첲Сȵģٱһ첲ͷˡ
û
ƴ￴䵥СգʵϾ˵˳
ǰڴҲ˵һԷ˵ôô˳
ֻǴźվһѣôͷˣ
뵱һ߱źӻһڵɻأ
СʲôóԺúźţӻôˣ
ǰһ˳ס
ĽǰһţȴһЦؿŽ𸸽ĸǡ
ҹѣ治˼أλͷ˾˻ʱǹȥлпˣʵڲ㡭
Ľ˼ס
ܾǽš
𸸽ĸϵıЩģǷĺͳƶռҵĿˣҲʵڵһȥ֮ʲô
ԼæĽȥæԼ顣				

573һ

˳Ľ̫֡
֣ôˣҾõúܣȥȥƱյҡ
ŭ塣
ֻҪ뵽ոճ²ĽƳ;
ңƸոջ˵©죬ʲôүӲүӵģܹƳ֮Ϊүӵˣ˭
Ľݺ񶼲롣
ԼĽڵүȴ˾֮⡣
˳˵ˡ
֮ǰ֮ԸҶĽ£޷ΪǵӡĽ໹ôһѾͷ
ǸСﳤˣҲˣȴûз֡
ĸҲü
ǰһǸˣôǾǱͼأ˵ĽǼȴĽһҲµûϴѧҲĽĹͰɣ
˳ͣû
Ͼʵ
һǣľżһΪǱһ¶ûС
˳Ҳô仯ô
ǰΪܹͽҳϹϵҪȡôԼŪ룬ǲűķ֣ԼòױϵĴ.ȣûһԼ֮ǰѡСͣ
ԼǺã
ռҡ
²ողűĿһռҵĶԹ
ԼĽ֮Щ˼æĽǸ
ûµģҲ֪֪߲ô
²ӣû˵ոշקԼ£ûע⵽顣
²һιֻΪĽ֮ǰԼڹ⹺飬Ϊ˹һ¡
֮ǰʳж飬м䱻ˡһĪչʱǸ˹æ
Ľüͷ
ϲ˹ҪװһŹ
ҲǣԼĻ֮ǰЩæˣôһС¶ڷŲܡ
ĽҲûôֵͣǰѹ˹
ʱ˹ʱ򣬿԰ЩͶڸ˹ϡ
Լ͸˹˹ıԼı
Ľ̴ö졣
ԷʱغͲ֪ǰ˵ݣʱŵû겻塣
ڳ²Ǹ⽻ģһ˽ɢ˲١
ǰǾͲøǿĽһοǳ־һλүӣүӻأ
ؽ֮ԺݺݵĨһװ
Ŷû¡ѧľҽô βӦġ
ɻȻˣȫԼ沿ĽӲҲ㹻֤һЩ
ĽԱţϵЦʼڲס
غͲﲻﲻһʱ䣬ŸĶˣܹĶˣСĸĸףڵĸĸԼ֮ǰĽչ˵УУҲݷһ顣
غͲǺǸмǵĻĽ಻ɳͷչôá
ֻЩףĽԼĳɼԼģûаϵ
ĽѲ֮ѧУѾʼĩˡ
ʵ˶ĽһܹһʲôǱȽϻɵġ
ϾĽ൱ôߵѧһȫ״Ԫټ֮ǰ˵ٳ֮飬Ҷĳɼܲá
ɳɼ֮󣬶ʱݺݵسһ˵
Щ֮ǰźݻ˵Ľһõһͷģ͸ùĺһ
Ǻǣһοһˡһʲô뷨ѵҪؼң
УҵĽ࣬Щ档
ĽŬŬ͡
ʲôԣүүҪȥ˵йں裬ҪǻȥԼļңȻȻͷڵ۶ʱ䳤ˣϼĶˣ
ҪǣϹļտҪˡ
ҲĽһιҵУԭ
ʦ֣֪֪ʦǰʲô˽ 
УĽˮĶ΢΢һ٣Ŀһ
Ϊʲô˵
Ľഹӣ۵׻ްĪؿϸ
ҲûУֻǺܺʦ֮ǰѡ
Уƺ֪ЩʲôƵ̾Ϣһ
Ľ࣬Щ㲻Ҫǿ˼ȻѾûˣǰ϶顣ţҪõǶõı𡣡
ĽȻ۾̧ͷ۾ֱؿУ
µʦҵʦأʦֻ˵Ļô
ĽʼղǣԼڻȥǸطʱʦǿյ¥
ҲʦЩԼĺá
ûκԱ˺á
׻˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
ϹȴԼܸģϹȥ֮Щ
УҲû뵽Ľᵽʦ֮Ȼ
ͷ룬ԼĻҲһѡɣ
УһβûбذԼ֪ȫĽ࣬޾ϸ
ʱʦ¶ʱͻ֪Ҳ࣬Щ飬ϢĻһ㷢籨ġ
ĽмĵлѰٻ¥Ǳߵĵ绰У				

574¹

Сһûдȥ
һΪ֮ǰ˳ʵ̫˶ˣû취ԣֻѡܿһϸѧֻ߼е˶ǱߣԼͳͳмŲ
ĽǳǸ˿ɹѧԽȻͬΪԼԸ֮ǰһ£ȴ֣ͲС
̫࣬û취÷ǾȥѧϰѧУ涼Ѿ¸ѧڻĻֱӿ
Ľ࣬һ·СġȥǵĻֻûС룬ҰҲˡ
ϾûҲû
СĽǵ˻𳵡
һδΪӵ۶ؼҵѧȽ϶࣬Գΰ
ҲпĽ೤ƯԹڨģĹڸ˻ȥ
ãǵ裬˵ĻҰְֻؼһ᲻ĵġ
һ˵Ҳŵͷ
˴Ųһ·һͣױ˿˫̥
ܰҰְ֣ûˡ
Ľഽ΢΢Ҳûֹ
į뿪֮Сһһۣ¶ͬĶȤζ
һ·һ˻档
СѾӵϢ߽ˡ
֮ǰһֱãߵҽǶ˵УҽϵĽࡣ
뵽Ľ࣬ѵ绰˹ȥĽ಻˼ҩ˼֮󣬾ͺˡ
֮˶ûжϹϵ
ӹյʱĽ໹һȽϰѧ
ʵȱǮеĲֻһѡ
ټϣҲӺ˵Ľĳɼô˶Ͻ
һ·Ľֱ͵˼
ռѾߵھǴɨĸɸɾһȾ
㣬ڻˣ㲻֪ǰѾ߶ǻأ
ʤпĽǣżæŵ˹תͷͿİװ֣۵һʯͷ裬ֲõضŪ档
ĽҲǣֻźǺѡ
ӴĽ֪࣬׽ô
ڴݶЩ
Ľ̲סЦˡ
ݶݶҲƹǽڣ˹滹һİͷɢ
ŽͣռҵĴɨҲݶǵĹͣǸո֮Բڣȥȥˡ
ɲ֪ݶﰮˣƣģ÷Ѷٲϰ
ӵԴŴȤ
ݶԭЦŵģֱëǱ߳˹ȥ
ңںǰҡ
ʵڵ۶Ҳͦõģǰɣһ
ĽûͣȻû취ˣһˣһͷĺܡ
ֳ극֮ĽҲóԼ֮ǰѾ׼õĶʼַ
ʱҲòм͡
ǹ׼Ĵ´ĻԼķֲ
Ů˵Ư·ͻױƷȻ˭Ӳġ
ӺݶԼͻ·Ư·˵Ƿ˺档
ĽĶǻױƷ
ɢĽ಻մ󺣿ڣ˵ҪȥԼҹùá
ôʱûҲ֪ǹô
֮ǰĽ໹ѧУյƽȥһ·иģиӵģиմ󺣵ġ
ĽȻ治֪Էô಼Ʊǵȷġ
մֻԼ֮˳⣬ҲôܣֱӷĽԼȥڡ
û뵽ڶĽûȥƽˡ
Ľƽ˵ʱϸϸĴѩͼӡ
ɸɾ˹˹ģû֮ǰëӺܺӵģ
ѩҲû֮ǰôˣպȴûк֣·ȻмſҲġ
ϣĽǵ״һ˽⡣
ƽ˵¶Ҳˡ
Ľ࣬λ죿ҪùסвУģû˼ҪȥѧϰǷŲùãҲ֪ڵӣڼǹȥ
˵ƽЩΡ
ĽЦЦ
ǰϲø
ƽҲһ졣
ʲôģԵĻԸҪֵЩŸոвߵĻҲġ
Ľ֪ƽ֯һ˿Ȼִ߲ˣû뵽ȻĻڳˡ
˵ƽ
Ľ಻뵽أʱ᲻ҲԸſԼĶȨأ
ƺֻȥһε۶Ļû취Է
ҪҪ취				

575¿

ǰѩĽ˵˸ߡ
ѩǰһ
ĽǱڸϷżᴩһЩС£ýζġ
ѩѾʼæԵˣƽҲ˳ͷԺ濪ʼһЩ߲ˡ
Ǻ֮ܿܳĶܿܳԵġ
մ֣Ҽϻȥˡ
죬ĽѾȥϹСԺ
ѩҲ˵ĽɨĹ飬Ľ뿪֮ǰרŸĽȥõĶ
Ľһлл
ȥȸϹɨɨĹ֮ȥСԺϹԺӳ˳ݣɨһ·ӣѾʱ䡣
˺ȻĽˣ뵽ǰĽβ飬һڰıʾҪĽæ
ĽһҽûҲһرˡ
˶һ֣Ա˺ʮ֡ǱһֲãҲԵ±Թ顣
ϵ˶Ե±ԹĻôԱ£
ңҪǣҲʵǶ𲡣ֻǿѵҽҲǰײѡ
뿪֮ܵȫȻ⡣
Լ˰ôԼͦ⣬һ̫ӱôԼԭǱĩá
Լô
һӶǣűߣ
ĽǰиְԱС󲻻˵˵ر˶Ŀ
˸·ÿϻˣͲÿҲˡ
չ棬ѣ˵˼ôôãԭܶһ¾ȻΪԭ֡
СڻȻ򣬿ɴ¾ʲôûˣ߲ѣô
һжѾˣʯǶ֣޷ء
ĽϣȻв˽ӵϢģ֮ǰܵĽݵЩҽǣݺǣȫݷá
Ľһ˽Ӵ֮󣬽סҲҪ뿪ĳ°ͺ֡
ڹô
ֿһԼСʦܣϵıһЩڡ
һֱԼСʦܵĻϾԼȥֵġ
￴°ɵòҲ˼ͣڶ߹Ҫ
ɵԼѾҪذ˵붼ˣô˼
ڼֵòɿ
ðɣ
Ľ࿴°
һֻˣ⼸أ֮ǰ˵ҪСʦҩһ;Сʦ̫æˣŲá
һĽǰеͬѧ
ĽһȵĿԱ࣬Ť°첲һ
ŶԷɫް޹⣬Ȥ֮Ϳʼ
ûʲô̫ˡ°Ӧõʱһַ˯˰ɣ
һһų°ĸ첲תһȦææ˸뿪
֮ǰó°úҩŪˡ
°ӦţٿĽʱҲЩΡ
ϾĽһƻŮ˵Щ̫ˡ
̫࣬һŮĲҪģһһҽһݹʲģǶԸĻҲұˡ
Ե.̳һ°ͺ֣ܹ̳ڶ°ͺ֡
ңʱڶǿһûеطʩչˡ
°ֵʱЩ⶯
ǰСʦزУڵ۶һȦСʦ˲ֱӡ
ĽĹһֻĽ˵Ҫ֮ԥ
ֱֵӱʾԼʤΡ
Լ߶߶û꣬СʦĹһСʦܵķ룬ܶ׬Ǯ
Ľոȷ˵ġ
֣ȷ
ĽЩɡ
Ͼͽô˵߾ߵˡ
⻰һҲͷʾԼûȥ롣
°Ҳûаѻ˵ֻ˵ȥһúÿǿǡ
ֵŰɷ̵ؽӹ˺Ľ͵˿žգôô⡣
ôСʦ˵ûӦһӣСʦڳأֻҪѻһ˵°ǲ˵ʲô
Ʋ˰֮󣬲ϱŭ˵Ľǵ顣
ʲô
ϱһ±ơ
ڿ˰֮֮ҡͷʾԼľܾ
УҸ˵ԲСҲͬ⣬˵Ҷͬ⡣
źֵԴ
Ҳ룬°ֱôɶûͬأʲôĽһľͲסһǹ⣬ڹʲô飬Ҳﲻæǲ˵ôһá
ֿԼϱĸʲôһĽӹ˿Ҫ˵ʲôû˵ 				

576¸˼ô

ͺϱͬһ뷨
Ľ˵ģԼҪʲô
°ԼҴӵͷЩں
ôȥڲҲòô
һݺݵس˳°һ¡
ʲôأΪĽࣿĽ׬ôôǼôܸСô
ߣ
һʵҲ᲻á
ǴʶĽൽڣĽഴ漣̫ࡣ
ѾൽԼ޷Ľκһ顣
һ.ҹ֮𴲿ʼ°ʵ
룬ӵǲֻһʳѧͽڣѾ˼ˣú룬ʶĽ֮ йξߴ󣿻УҲǲ֪Լ˵̬ȡǸʦһֱϱĻĽ಻ʲô¶ô
°һҲôһ¶
ֿ֮ȥĽ࣬úͺԼϱײһ
һιĽ˵ԼȥľϱҪĽ׻°ҪҪȥ
û뵽ɾ
СʦҪʲôʱȥҲ֪һˣһ̥̫ãҪ˺뿪ɲ
ĽЩȻҲԼԤ֮С
Ͼ־ͲһڴƳˣ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰һǳ嶯ˡ
ҪȥҾ֪һڵġƣ⼸ǼҵӱڵԽԽá
ֵϱ˵֮󣬹һЦ
ȻѾҪߣڵĹʦ֣ô
°üͷ
ôʵҺʦΨһһžǶԷ̫ԸԼϱ
ϵЦݵ˵
ʦ֣ڵĹô
Ȼˣô͸˵ϾһݹԼóȥġ
ɫǺ죬Щ˼
ϱ֮ĶûС
˵ɶ˼úõĹô᲻ɣҸҲû¶أʱһ뿪ĹȻҸĹС󡣡
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ôɩӻǲ˼һҼҲûأ磬һȳȵģҴһѡ֮ǰǸɩ캰ʦֵֽô
վԭأϼҪγѪԼﶼվסˡ
ۿԼϱҪ˵æס
ˣ˵ˣ㲻ҪĽôѾˣڿˣ
ϱЩĵҪ˵һֱվԱĬĽȻЦһ
ȻǺֵСʦҲһɩӰɣе̫˰ɣ뿪Сʳõʱ򣬰ĹԼø֣ǲҪӱΪϳܡ֮󿴰ڳúˣԼֿʼָķҪǰ˵ڰǰ˵ƾʲô
ĽһسŶԷ˹ȥ
ֻظ飬ǱһѡӦøмһٶϰ
ĽϵЦٿȻ䡣
ң찮ûдӦӦˣҲа취ǼɵŲţ
ϱŵءڡ˼ɫЩס
ǰĽ඼ǲЩġ
ǰ°ǲᷴɩӵġ
ô
Ľ֪뷨ƻʲôʱ䡣
Ļ̌ͷǰѾͷ͵.ǰĺ֡
Ҷ˵ҺʵСô඼㡣룬ԼҺʵôʵǰصǸϻɣҺĻһδεư㵱ʦܡ
ûⶼϱģҲ˵ġĬô˵֣ⷬʵҲڴŰǸ̯λøɣ
ҪҡͷҪΪԼġ
ģ́ͷĽǺڰ׷ͫ浹ӳǸֱֲӵԼ֮Ǵͷ
ɩʱΪԼ˷
һж˵ġǼҵҵ֮ǰˣ
ĽЦ
ǰҲҲֻ֪ǳѡû˼Ļǰô
ҲȥˣǺתͷų°صһϹȻֳϱĸ첲ŲҴҵ뿪
°ΪԼʦֱ⡣
ûʦôӡ
ǰ֪ôһˣôˣһ
ֿ̬ȼһôֵһ
ϣһλͽܿԾ飬ڼûȨҲҪȥ
ǣĽʵ뷨 				

577º

Ľ֮ݶʱʱع棬ҺĽཻһԼЩͼĿ
ΪĽһδӹ֮󣬸˺ܶЩҲ־ܿ
ݶ
֪ĽҪ°֮Ȼ˺֮ġ
Ľ࣬ôôΪʲôڴŲУҪأ
ĽЦЦ
ʵҲûʲôòõģֻǹƲȹ⡣ʱңܿݡǹȻѾʼҵԼչԼɴ󻷾£Ҫóʱ䡣
ԣԳʱڹʱصֱɱǹ
Ŷԭ
ݶʱҲûжʲôڻȥ֮ȴԼɷ
ʵЩֵ뷨ȴֲ֪־ʲô뷨ʣģģģ˵ͷԡ
ˣĽĽ࣬ǡѲɻҪɣ
ҹģû취˯˳˳ϵëߴݶϿ˯
һ죬컹Ҫϰأ
˯˹ȥݶȴʼ˯š
ûȥ⣬ҲԹЩûʲô֪ĽԼЩ־ǴӹŪġ
Դѧ֮ԽȰҵ꣬ԽԽļ£ԽԽĹ˵뷨ݽˡ
ҲʱյĽĶ־ЩµһƬݶȻһĨ㽡
Լȥ⣬Լԡ
뷨Ÿոճ֣ԱСŮĿ
żæŵ߹ȥŮСĺźӳ̣̫ⳳɷ˯
ѾСģɷǱˣһƳһݶ
ôĺӣ޿޿ޣһ쵽֪ޡⶼûأھͿ޸ͣԺ󻹵ˣ
ݶɫ˱䣬ǺԺĸԷǸ
ŮҪޣݶҧҧ꣬Լһ·Ů˷䡣
ǵķǵλģǽ֮ûͻˣɷĸĸӦĸ˹һסԭķΪ˶ԵøСˡ
Ů˿ֵŮ˳ѣֻڴҹȥ
һһСʱѾ죬ϵҹ绹Ǻ䣬ټڵԵʣӣϱץĺ񣬵εĻŮûܵʲô˺
ۿŮ˯˹ȥݶŴŮ˼ңû˯¶೤ʱ䣬Ѿˡ
֮˶ûŮֿˡ
ĹȥŮһɷȥʢ
ΪʲôȥԼû𣿡
ݶüͷҪ׻ûгڡ
ȵỤ̊ʱԼųŹԹԼ
㿴㿴ʲôᣬʲôãӺӲ˷ã֪ǸˣҵʱοöȢ
ݶһ˲䣬۾汬˳
Ѿˣȥϰ࣬ϻôŹԼһŮͲæ
ʼԼɷԼʱ䳤ˣԼŵġ̵£ҲûĴ
˵˵ţСĿԱվŵݶϵı黹ЩκͲȻڿԷ֮󣬺ݺݵİĿһˤ
أأһǿʲôǸŮһ
Űһ壬ֱȥŹ·תͷߡ
ˣûθڣӶҪʲôãװĸԼܸɣһʵҲһµĸ
ݶһֱӹȥסҪŵź͹ԭǴɤŶΪŭˡ
֣裬ڰѻ˵ʲôҲӣѵǵĺ𣿻Ǵûаĺӣ
üõĿݶ
ֻһǮѣʲôӰʱ򻹲Ҫȥģ͸˵ˣҪŮҪŮǲ
ǲ椵ӣǲԺҲýүү̣ң˵ʲôǲµĸǶȢһµĸĻǣҪֻҸֻ
ɷݶŭĳţվڸĸߣݶŭһͨ
ݶǰͬһڣȻЦˡ
ԣڼô飬ǴûимҲûилȻǲһˣŬҲڲң
ݶתͷȥԼŮĶã֮ޱߡ 				

578

ɷ򿴵æȥ
ѽְ취вǲǰڻؼңͷٹңҪô˵ҪôͰֻҪѵһͨһ٣ǰɣ
ݶתͷĿɷһۣȻݺݵİĸ첲˦ȥЦһ
ģһ豣֤㣡
ݶˤ뿪ɷ̧Ҫ׷ȥݶŷŭ
ߣߣҵҪ㲻ȥĻôңһǮڼҫģ˭ĵӣ
ݶźӻңݶһ
ôˣô¶ֳˣ
ݶҡҡͷסҪȥ۵ĸףԼŮ˹ȥ
裬ȰҴһȥϢһ¡
ݶ￴Ů۾ԱߵӣҪȥȰ˵䣬ŮѹֵĿ
ݶǰʲôԸ
ǿûҲҪǿֵˣ
ǿǸΪԼİҸݶ̵ˣ
أ
ǰǸˬֻõŮûˣȡ֮ѹԼԸίڱ»ŵˡ
ݶûΪżӣԭ̣ҲȰݶһСڳٳûϢҲż
ݶ룬Ůȥ˸ڡ
ڼֱС͵׶԰
ԭںԵͱȽϺãڼеεǼˣ˸˼ҵĺӹ棬еĺЦģˣ
ռǮĽ໹״ԪԲ˿ܲҶڰѺͣҲġ
մ󺣾ͳ˺ǵרְܼңһˮһˮִ˲ƣչǡ
ѩڷоŸģֻĽһڷдʲô
ݶţЩ˼
ǲǴˣ
ĽתͷһЩ죬ٿĺӣæЦ߹ȥѺӽ˹
ݶĺӰɣ֮ǰһֱݶģ˵ڼ
ݶЦЦûнӻֻǿĽ໳ѽѽСüǳࡣ
˰֮ݶ˵Լ⡣
а취ԵҲÿ˵⻹Ů˵⣬ңȷݶԸ𣿡
ݶǰ컹˵ʲôƲƣⲻģĽݶǰеעڹϡ
ݶЦһ
ҲЦܰѹڹ֮⻹ܸأǡ
ݶŮĽࡣ
˵ŮʲôãҲŮҲŮùüȫŮҲŮҿڵŮеıкТ˳
Ľû
ڴϲкⲻ֪ԺŮų㡣
ⲻʱı仯ѡ
ǣҾǺúݶԸԸɣԸĻýŽһҰǿ
ݶĿģؼ֮ϰݶ
ݶЩŭòðĽࡣ
ʲô˵ģھӵģĽְ㵱׽㣬㻹ǰûô
ݶû취Լ뷨ȥĽࡣ
ʵѹ֣ҲҪú˵˵ǿڵ㣬ֲ˵ˡ
Ǹˡ
˵ˣĽҲⲻˡ
ݶ㣬ҪɷĲԹŵԹͳľûӾĴ˼ҶȰͲȰ֣δֶܼã
һݶС
ȻݶСչ˵ĺܺá
СװֵģҲɸɾ˾Ц
ú˵˵ֿɰ
ݶһŮԼҲˡ
롣
ݶ㣬ŮĴŮҪ˵ȾɫģŮ޹ء㲻ҪԼǰһȣûġԺʲôҪֱͦǲӡеݶ㡣
ݶصĵ˵ͷ
֪Ľ˼Ҳ֪Լ
ֱסҾܾĸȥɷ˵˼Լϰϰ࣬ûӴӡ
ңںӶ࣬Ǳ챻ѩմǴţˣҹ١
ݶҲŮżұĥ̫ݣŷŮ塣
ǮƱҲ٣á
̶һݵʱ䣬ݶɫۿɼٶȱ˲١
ݶɷɹòôá
һֱݶģݶһ뿪ĸκǶ֪ĶţڼݶӼңú
ݶҲǸų°ݺѧģķȻĸ׵ĴóԵĶ࣬죬˾ͺˡ 				

579³ϴ

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ǰԼҲĨȥݶкϣݶ֮ͨԼϴȻԹԴźӸԼؼҡ
û뵽ڳݶ֮ݶʼն
һ֮󣬰ڵݶ̸лмܻ
ݶǲ̫ˣѾˣҲֹ˰ɣ
֣һжֻڸ֣
ȻأںúûȥҰһ´󣬴źӻǶԼ̡
ݶû뵽ԼҪúð׼ҵ˷ʡһ£ҲԼúÿһ֮Ĺϵͽ취
û뵽˾Ȼڼ֮˵һ
ϴ󣿼̣
ݶЦһ
ðҪҳϴҲԣңҪʲôڼʲôˣҪڳ澤ҵҵϰ׬Ǯؼ֮󹫹ҴһºӶУһҸڰŸҴġ˸գһȥ˵.迴ҽӼңҲҪˣƾʲô
ݶһıƽ˰ˣϵı
ǽüҸͲôοǮԼ׬ġǼ޸㣬Ҳ㡣Ҽ޸ȥǼҵϱģȥūġ
Ҳû뵽ݶȻ˵һ
ûݶū
ݶô룿ǼҴûа㵱ū
ûУôʲô
ҡŰ
ţź㣬źȫңÿһϻţһæ飬æ顣ʮ»̥һӣȴΪк˵һµĸ
ݶ֮ǰѾ˵ˣȴΪԼһֱûΪ׼һӶ
Ľ࣬ҲȥҽԺˣŮȷǺейصģĻԼ֮ǰôκʲô
ԣԼû
ȻԼûΪʲôҪһһźǣ
˭ô棿
Ľ֮ǰ˵ĻҲˣȷʶ
ȻԺ󲻹ԼŮûлȨ
ңҲȥŮŮܿƵôԼӲУҪ˵˼ҵز֣˭
˽סݶʱ򣬾ûܻѡ档
ʲôмҳ󲻿鶼ݶã֪ĻܻܹԼࡰȰȰݶ
û뵽ǣһαˡȰ˵˻
ˣĲˡҶŮһ˼ǴģʱĻȥһˡˣʱǵô裬ɱҵʱҵÿ
ˣ˼ݶ׬ҲٰԴ˼ôڼźȫңҪӣ˭ܵ˰
ɲôǼһڣŰҴŶοݶһ˴ͬʱҪеļ񣿡
ҵ죡ԭĽݶһˣû뵽ȻôҡǲǴ˵е֪֪治֪ģ

漸Ů˵ģм仹ǵĴȤͻ軰
˼Ҳ˵ôӲУԾͲҪ̫ǿˡ
ǰǰƽʱ㲻ܸͦͦɵôȻû뵽ⷽ⣡
˵мƫҪҪȥʣ
ǲƲԣǡ

ɫһһʱݶѾˬ뿪ˡ
ѵ˰һ֮ͨݶԼüˬ
ʵӦˣԼԼԼˣ
ȥ֮ݶֱӵг˲㵰⡣
ݶﱻһ
Щ涼УǼ椵ġ˵ֲ֪֪ôˣ
ݶԼҲǺڡ
֪ݶһŵĻԼһͬݶ޸ˡ
ǧ֪
û¶Ĵ󵨳ԡǮ׬ģôҶûТ˳ͼˣզܸԵİ˵Һסģƾɶɶ㣿
ǮҲԼһһġ
ݶЦЦû˵ü֮ɴŨŨĲ
ڳ汻һ֮ͨ󣬻صݺݵذѸĸһ٣˵ǲðݶūá
׸ĸ̡
ΪʲôҪôǾΪ˭ã
Ϊ˶ô
һ.ҹû˯óһۡ
һݶԱ߸Ĺ
ڵڶһ緹ûԣֱǷװ쵼ǰݶˡ
-

580²Ȼ־ӲȻ

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
쵼һԼҲˡ
ӦòԼܵİ
ãҶϰˡ
æҪȥݶͰ˹
һûмԼĸΪĸȥˣȻҲûж룬ǵ˳ֱ֮ӱ˽н˳칫ҡ
һĸѾݶˡ
Ҿ֪꾫һˣ˵һҶӺǵĹϵǶѾƽǮͶˣҲҪôҪ
ݶͬʾ
Լ׬ǮͶپͶ٣οĸ²ǰǮˣ˵ҽӼҲΪգҸһѣǸġҲ֪ѵ⻹дˣ
޵ǼȻǼҵˣ׬ǮҲȻǼҵġ׻˵޳ȥŮóȥˮȻǵôǮȢΪʲô
ݶζҪըˡ
˵ҾҪúˡҼ޵ǼҵʱǼҵȷ˲ǮﶼЩǮð˶µǮҲȫǼҡûдǼң⼸ĹʼҲüǧˡ
ĸԼݶûֵʲôãֻ˵ݶӣǮûá
ݶְ֮ǰ˵Ļ׸ĸ˵һ顣
ԼĺȻǺõģ˵ĺӺ޲öġ
ƨԼãҪ˵ҶӲáҶӼ漸ﲻˣԼû͡ҵͲöȢһɨǣ㡭
˸ոϹԼĸĻûһֱ˹ȥ
˼æȥôұˡ
ĸţ֣ɲ˵ݶĻ
ݶʱҲԼźĹ֮ġ
תͷˡ
ãҽһ飬㻹Ըҹô
ɫһӾͱˣŻŵתͷ˴һۣҴҵȥݶĸ첲
˵ʲôأֻǼһ¶ѣȥô˼ô
ݶĸˡ
Լô
ʲôԼʲôûֻûƽʱһ˳ܣûкúźǶѡ
ԭųһʱ˺ú侲һµģԼ־
ԭȼյһŻڰ˵Ƿ֮˲Ϩ˸ס
ˣʱڹͲӦ˭ҵϱײŵģ˭ϱ黹ֱ׳ģӶô
ĸԼҶӣɤŶغը
ҲǣһԼϱһԼţǴϡࡣ
ĸǰԼˣȻǰĸѿֻίһݶ
ݶ߹ȥѹݶСһ㡣
ǻȥ˵òãô˰ٸҰһӰ͵ʱҴˣ͵ˣ
˶ԼѾܵˣԼ˵Ϊ˴룬ΪǲΪҵЦ
û뵽ǣݶί㶼ûиͬܣЩ
ʲôо͵ˣѵͲĴҼ޸֮ΪŮΪٳּ񣬻Ҫ׬ǮҺڣһе飬ҪӣǸ𣿡
ԼҲúôһȳ嵽Ϊ쵼ҿˣˣ쵼ҿһҪӣοҸû
ҲЩջѾ̶ֳˣݶΪʲôһ
Ҫ˺𣿷ҪЦź
ܲܲҪǼƽϣãǴˣǶˣѾϺͿˣǽʲô
ݶǰҲûзְһѣĻЦˡ
ΪԷʹˣԼ͵ǣ
ǣ
ϾлĴͳ£Ӧ
Ӽ޸ôѵ
ңϾѵӦһǰᣬǾ˶ԺҲҪм
ѵʹˣӦЩ˸ĵ;飬һζ
˰ҿҲݶĴʱѾˣҶʼˡҽǷһļ٣ܺúûȥ鴦һ¡˵ҺˣֻмͥӲܹú𣿡
װ쵼Ŵֵ̫ЦųԲ
ǣĸȴöԷƫݶ
⻰˵ĿɾͲˣǽ㴦ģְǴʲô
ԭԺȰ˵û뵽˼ҸͲӡ
Ҳ
ĳǲԼµıѡ
˵Թ塣
ŮݶϵҲٴŮһЩݶ飬ҲԭǰĲص
ݶվԱܲˡ
ޱĿŰˣ˶Էһᡣ
ȻͷֿסȻɣԼһѡ񣡡
-

581

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
˲ŵĿݶû뵽Է˵Ļ
ⲻֻһС¶ѣݶΪοƣ
ĸʲô̼һıָݶıʹ
ҪļŮˣǶûأ㾹ȻǼˣҪǼˣ˭Ȣ㰡˵ĹʣҪǿ㹤ôߵķϣƾʲôǼȢ㣿
еͬһʱ䲻ԼͬĿ˰ˣȫǾȺͲš
ݶֱĿǰˣǵһμһ
ǵǰʱ˵Ļ
ʲôϲѽʲôѽʲôͶѽʲôϬѽʵȴݺݵĳϡ
ˣȢңֻΪҵĸ߹ʣ
˵ЩѿǱ
ⲻ˵ĸӦǻµһڶѣû뵽ȻΪĸһѵӣݺݵͱݶһ
ݶҽͣ
ݶѾ͸ˣҲ˽͡
ֻҪң仰ǲ˵ģ
ǰ˵ģǡ
ĸֱӹȥһԼҶӵĸ첲ŭĵݶ
ôҶѵ˵Ĳ㹤ʸߣ˭ԸȢһЬΪ´Ҷ֪ԸӦţѾҿݴˣ
ݶһַס˺İ칫
⼸꣬ʲôӣ
һֱ֧ģֻΪ˵ʲô鰮ѣΪ׽ʱʱһʺ͹Ķѡ
Щ鰮ǼٵģЩĺʺҲڲνײʧݶѽû취˵Լˡ
ˣǰϹۡɣ
ݶϳȥϰ࣬ûͻ˼ңЩء
ݶﻹûʳڣͼŮһƣĸҪˡ
ݶһ£֮ŭתͷҪߡ
ȥˣˣ
ˣʲôˣ׼Լ²صԼ¶ˣ¶ʲô˰
ݶԼ·ۡ
ҵҪȥʰˣƾʲôŮ
ݶҪߣŮĿڡ
ΪҲһֻЬ
ݶʱͣס˽ŲŵĿݶ
㡭
ݶ̧ͷĸ΢΢һЦ
Ժڼһòã
ݶʱۿ
ǣ
ǰǻ쵰
ΪǮֶΣ
ںѽôѡ
һĳݶ˹ֱݶĲӣڵĺ
ﲻãĴҰɣҰɣǰ㰡װ׼޸ģ˲֪ѵ֪𣿡
ݶѾǸ˳ˡ
ҪˡŮ˵òã
ݶĨĨᣬصصͷ
ãôãǮеǮƱ㹻⣡
ڵ鵽ûס
ݶûгţ鵽׻ͼӴ׵Ĵ
ĽЩĵȥ˸ڣʱݶ֮һ
̫ˣ
һȦ˵ɫǻҰޱȣ쵥·Խĵᾡ
ĽɨݶĶ֮˶
ݶ㣬ҸѸɣ
ݶ֪ĽΪʲôҪô˵ǰԼֵ˹ȥ
Ľϣݶˣ
ˣ
ݶȵĵͷԼ΢ЩͻСЩš
ҡΪֻ첻ȥϲ
˰ɣ
еѾԻˣ
֪Լеһ̣ݶǸ˵ģ׼ôõӣԼĶ
ɵ뵽׼˵Ϊ֮ĸԼĶӣĸ
׻˵ƾԲ
ڰ׼֮˶ӣȥһù
ֻǴǰ˵ıķԺ4˵ıķѣ⻹˶ӵ¡
ŮأŮֻǺһ³
֪ǰѩҵϴ϶ʲôҲĽԴǵ̬ȣԣĺӱȻļͥ³
ң֮Ҳ׿˰Ǹˡ
ݶ㣬ȷҪ𣿡
ݶصص˵ͷĽ֡
֪ģ԰ɣ
Ľͷ
ʲô㣿
ĽָָݶĶӡ
Լ椣ֱ
ݶ¶ã
֪
ûã
ĽҲûߴ٣ֻ˵״е㲻ãȥҽԺú顣
ݶ֪Ů֮ϲҪŮͻȥݶ˵Ļ֮ԥһ£ֻЦˡ
û£¶ҶҪ޸ˣⱲҲûӣʱۼҵգ˵Ҳú԰԰ڡ
ݶʵЦˡ
ôһʵΪԼĸףĺҡ

һĽھӣⱲˣ
ĸ׾ô飬ƻҪĸ״͵׼ҵİɣ
ݶ˵֮һֱ֧ӰѺӴˣһʾҪݶȥ׼ңúõǡ
-

582³ͻʧ

ݶȴûбҪϾҪԼʣµһӸЩ˽Ͼ
ңѾЩ
׼Ҹĸʱ˿ҲڼȰ˵顣
ҶС˵ˣڴһƯֺŮˣǸЬͲҪˡǼôã˭ϸżޣ
ǰ˻ǾԼӦ
֮ǰȷĸ˵ݶ飬ǣΪʱĸײԸݶŶѡ
ȥ͡
ңⲻֻһС¶ѣԼôᷢչ׶Σ
ȵӹ˼ٸϵݶ֮ȴݶŽա
ھӵռҺһֱݶҽãԼֱӸһŸ
һֵھǷ̰ûжӵĸ
ɲôһֱ˵ݶɵȰ˸֮ȴݶмˣݵĸһֽƬ˶һżûŰ
ҵǾǸǲǿӣһ뿪׼ҾͲⲻӾΪô

˼ҴҵĻ˼Լ֪ĸ˵һ顣
ĸ˰ֱ֮ߡ
裬ȥĶ
ĸתͷš
ôôӣһȥɶȻǰݶȻ׼ǰ׼ҵ治ɣ
׸Ҳæϡ
ȻǵΪЩҲȥ
ǵҽԺҵݶһˡ
ĸ߹ȥǵǸǿݶҪԼһʶ
֮ǰ˲Ƕ͹ˣǶѾϺͿˡĲ˵ĻԴǣǶСǧ벻
ݶ˵ĸϰԼתƵݶϡ
׼ĸ㵹˵仰׻˵һһ׮顣˵ݶ滹кӣǧ벻
ݶ֮ǰҪݶͰ˺ͺã׼˵ЩҲġ
Ǻǣ֪һ׮ˣ֪֮ǰȥˣ˵ҹŮкôˣҹŮԼҲйʣӴ´ࡣĶǰ׼ңһǮ˵ķʹķǿ
Խ룬ݶԽΪԼҹŮί
ֱһĴ.ȣ֧ݶ飬ܱôĵȰ˵ûá
ݶԼ˵ĻпԵġ
ˡһ£˵ⷬͱʾʵԼҲģֻŬԼˡңڳ.˵Ǿ仰ʱ㲢ûվô
ݶЦһ
αӱС˿ɶĶˡ
һ˵Ű㣬ں֮ǰʲôʲôʵѾֻ˶ٱ˰ɣ
ݶ
ǵĻԭͽƭϵģȻòˡ㲻ңѶ
Ҳ֪ݶӣʱͷ˵ˡ
ǲ˵֪ô˵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ĸôûãʱͷŭȥݶĸ첲
ҲŲ˵ʲôõġֻ֪ѾǼҵĺӣҪһؼҡ
ݶ״æȥˡ
֮䣬ݶһûվȣֱӵ˵ϡ
һ˲䣬ոջַǳĵطһӱ˰
ҵĶҲ
ݶȷӦæŵϵŮ
ݶ֮Ϳݶƨ.һŰɫ
ֻݶ￴ˣΧҲˡ
ͷһƬհףľؿһ̲Ѫɫ
ɫ԰׵ŶӵݶޱĿŰ׼ˡ
ˣǵĿѾﵽˣҲҪΪӺʲôǣˡ
ĸһĸոյ磬мĿһݶ
һûиġиԼҲסˣˣҴԶһˡ
վﲻԸߣ󵽵ױĸӲקˡ
ֻʣݶһ۵ĿԼŮҽ顣
ݶǶΪӵˣû뵽ֻǶ̥ѡ
ݶ˵˼ӷ𣬵뵽ĸһķθ
ݶֲסԺϾ滹һҪչˡ
ݶŪһӰѹܲ͸ݶͻңȻ͵ռҽ椣˳Ľһ̥ҩ
һǲЩҽǵĶڵĺã
ңûЩҽĽæô
Ľ
ĽȻûоܾԿҩ˰ҩ͹ȥ
Ľ࣬һΣллˣ
лʲôϾһ𳤴˵ллĻˡңҲǻ¸㣬ҲͶʡ
Ͷʣ
ݶ뵽ʲôһȵ̧ͷĽࡣ				

583

֮ǰݶĽԼ˵Ҫó°ʱ;ʲôԼ©ˡ
Ľ˵ʲôģ
ǲǲ֮Ƿװ
ȻĽΪʲôôעЩкʱϢ
Ѿ뿪ϣÿ¾ͻԼĹһʱ־ȫǹЩԪء
ʵҲֻһѣԭһԥҪҪͽһڹȥûϷˡأҪҪһ£
Ľûзû롣
ʵĽӹ˵Ҫ֮ݶľѾмִˡ
ΪΪͥûǷȥ롣
ҹУ͵͵ĻһڹЩԪɵʱдУԼйĳ档
Լ뷨棬ԥ
Ľ˵Լٽ
Ǯķ㲻õģӣҲԸչˡ
ݶŵĿĽࡣ
֪ôڹһķǺܹģһҲ˰ɣ
Ϊʲô
ôã
ĽЦˡ
ݶ㣬Ҷ˵ͶʡʱҪҵˣӦңҾϰ塣ͶǮҪ֮ٱǧ׬
ݶûͬ⡣
ĽҲʱ䡣
ǣݶӻ֮ͷԼҹŮصģΪݶΪ׼ҵܣֱ˵ԼҪȥݺݵذѰһ١
ǼûжӣһŮݶţһǸСӹǸ
ݶڸΪһ⡣
ڴһ磬ӶĽԼ顣
֮ǰмԥ֮ԽԽ˷ܡ
ֻǣڿǰ֮ЩŲ¡
˵Ļʣһˡ
ݶݶĻȴûʲô˵ġ
ȥĻȥǰĽ಻Ǿȥ㻹˵͹ЩˮʲôĶͦŵġ
ݶЦá

һȥأĽ˵ҸѧУϿΣһķӡǱҲģҲŲһڼҡ
ݶסˡ
ڶĽͼݶŴĺȦǼҿţһ.ҹû˯
ĽһΪݶʲô顣
һ֪֮龿ôˡ
ûҪȥĻȻܾңݶһҸأңʱĻҲѧϰһ¡
ݶİ֡
ˣԼֶдѧʲôϰǶЩĻ顣
ĽȻ˵˺һס
Ҳǰֺǹֲһʱ㻹Ժݶһȣ˭ѧأ
ݶﻹǰ֡
Ľٽ
룬ݶ֮վ·ߴﹾԴ˵һǳ棬磡
ݶǼˡ
СĹվԱЦ
£ˡ
ȻԼҽ㡣
ʲô£ڽԼİӡ԰ɣ㣿
ĽЦسǵͷ
ǵģ
ֲѾ߱˳Σֻչˡ
ڸڵҡ
ݶѾ㶨ˣһԶô
ĽһȺЦЦֵʱƽѾ.͵ռҸϡ
Ѿû˵İ׾СɫƤȴŽɫ
˵仹ߡ
Щ̫ˣ˵ֵĲ˲óԣ˵ǵĲ˳˲ˣԼҲñ
ԭ㱨ģɵȵ˻㱨ֿ֮ʼĹС
ĽЦЦ
һзҪһġøԲôϾҲֻۣôֻҪʱ˳ɼ˵
ʵƽ˵֮;Լ˵˻
ðؼҵġ
Ҳû뵽ĽྐྵȻظ
뵽Ľһֱ뷨Ľܻа취
ôȷгɼǶֶäĿţ
Ľתͷӷóһƽ˹ȥ
Ǹ͵ϴ˵Ҫȥ̫æˣûϡһΡ
ĽĶһЩȽϡ߲ӣйЩӵӪֵȵȡ
ƽ޲÷ԣֱӻȥʵ顣
ڿԱѩǷŭĿ֮ڨЦԼλϡ
ԷʱĽһ¸ڶһ
װ
ƽѩѯҪҪȥ
ѩҡҡͷ
ƽҲòȥȽϺá
ùȥҲ۸Ҽ溢ҲࡣһҪǹѧʱҪùչˡ
ĽҲûǿֻΪ˸ڣѩһѡ
Ľûλӷϣȴˡ				

584ǳС۶

Сȥ꿼ûãĽѧϰ̫õľ˾˶ûбϣ᳣۶ֵܡ
ֱ˺¼ȡ֪ͨ飬
СĲܳȥϹֻСۺĸҵʲô
͵ųСĿһóɼʱܹҫǼ鹡
ϾĳСľ͸ǼŮһ
ҴҶѾ˹ʶСµĺӸżա
Сĵν
Ͼ˭ĺӶһýְ֡
ǸңҲˡ
ǰŸѸиװȱ߶߶ĻԼܹ
ż˶ͦˣȵ֮ȥһ˼Ҽ棬ƷǮҪλ
û뵽ԷȻһڻؾˡ
ݶǼݶǶѾ˵ˣԼȥϹôȻȥˣǲǮ٣
ĸ˼ԣǮٵĻ
ݶҡͷ
λѾ˸ˣŶӦ֪ģǼŮĽżҡ
ĸźȻԼ֮ǰ˵һֱԼʲô
ԭռң
ǰġ
Ǹ˶ǮǿԸ˫ġ
ǵΪСŪʽĹȻԺСȥѧˣǼСô죿
ûǮ⹤ԭ˼ҵġ
Ÿĸ°ǮˣҴҵĻؼԲߡ
СĽ֣ǱԼһ.еһ
ŮҪһʲôȥĽѹøСۣ
Сģ㲻Ҫ̫ࡣôҲôľ˾أȥ״ԪİæǼܵҲôгϢӦúùϵС
ĸĵȰ˵£СֻǿͬԼڶȥ˺ú˵˵
ֻǵȼĽ֮ʲô˵ˡ
Ľ࣬ҽ
СվڳСߣ˳СļѿڶĻ
Ľడȥ㿼״ԪǶûüףأãһΡ
ʱܼҪȥ顣ʲôĻͿ˵ûµĻذɡ
֮ǰͽӵ׹־ĵ绰˵ҪĽæһ˶
ڽ졣
һǵĳӶҪˡ
Ľ࣬˵ģǲôʲôҪ鰡㡭
Сɫ΢䡣
ǾĽ˵Ҫǵӡ
䣬ͼȻͣһӣ˼ˣһ
ȻǷװĳԷ滹żоơ
ڼĽ֮󣬶Է˹ һظĽ֡
֮ǰ˵Сͬ־ΪһˡǸҶӶҪ鷳ˡ
ĽЦҡҡͷ
ûʲôҲҽĵҪлĻǸлҽɣ
׹־һЦ
֪ˣһҶأҵĹǡ
СʱҲǰ۾ĸˡ
ԭһҽס
ĽʹҺһ֮ҪߣȴȻ뵽ʲôһתͷԱηηĳСĺСۡ
Ǹո˵ʲô飿
Сۼæ֡
ôˣ˵
ĽѾһҡҡͷ
ĿǸλĻܶԲˡװӦûλİɣ
Ľ࿴򳧳
Էһ㶣ϵͷ
Уأ쵽칫ֱңôҸǰְ
Ľ˳Ӻͼһ뿪
ſֻʣСۺԱ̬ĳСġ
СͬŶؼңŸĸһ
ô¶ûˣǲǲգҾ֪Ҿ֪Ǽûһöǡ
ĸſڣͼСٿȻתͷǷ䡣
СԥһЩû׷ȥѽǾ˵һ顣
ǸĽ࣬ڲһѧô
ôô
СҲ±ơ
ɲô
ѾԼڴѧ֪
ôô
׹־ѯĽСǵ顣
ԼǵãǸŮ˵ĽҽԺʱûٹֹ¶䡣
ҲĽൽڻԸæ
Ľ̲סЦ
Ϊʲôæ
ܵ鲻Ǳ˱ã㵱Բȴѹʱ㣬һӶ¡
һӶĿ̹ǡ
ĽһǳˣҲô׿ݱ˵ˡ
ʱһȥܿ͵Ϲļա
ĽԼҲò˼顣
Ȼôˣ
ڴ棬Ҫġ
ٲϲˣҲȥϵĵӰԼϹļһֱϹ졣
֮뿪
Ҳ㹻Сׯ				

585ͻͽ

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ĽԭҪڼһֱԼٽǵ۶Ǳߴĵ绰òƻ
绰ǳ²ģ˵Ľ֮ǰڹⶩһЩĻͻˣﻰⶼ˵ڵĻж಻ãЧжͣһϲҪ˼
Ľ̲סЦ
Ľ࣬ʵϴǵԤ̫ˣܹõЩæԵʡǰɣӡˢҲͬҪС˵Ҳȥ۶ӡˢÿٻÿٻӦ֪ɣ
Ľͷ
Ȼȥ۶̸
Щ֣²һ⽻˾ȻڸԼЩ
ƶ˵۶
մ󺣺϶ය죬ĽҲûǿߵʱȴڵݶš
ѾˡߵʱֱӴҰɣ㲻˵ʱҪɻҲֻܴӵ۶ߣʱ˽˽ʱ̫ҡ
ҪǣǸ֣ԴҲ˷˳
Ľൽ׻ǵͷ
ݶˣݶҲˡ
ȻҲ᲻ãݶ߼˵ԼĽȥ۶ˣֶֻĽķݶ
ǿǵ۶ʱʵ۲סǸ
ߵʱС͵ģڿݶ֮һ£ݶ뿪ʱĵݶһǮƱ
ǰ̫꣬ܵ쵰Բסˡ
ݶû뵽С꾹ȻҪȥأĽסˡ
ţ˼ڿǰٻ˾һûǮûƱ
СĽһۣЦˡ
ݶȻ֪Ľ྿Ҫ֪Ľ಻ƭ
ϳ֮Ľ˵Լ뷨
˵ʵǮ;ʹ˽ˡ
ݶҪ
ҿԸٴյȥ۶һ׷ӣ͵Ǹĵڶҡ
ǸСݶƲٻȥˡ
ƴ˻ĴſųһȽȥ֮󿴵СʯͷС椣ʱһ֡
Ӵ˭ҵСﰡÿƯ
Ľ˽ܡ
ƴȻϲС椣һȺСкȻ˸ƯСϡĲҪҪġ
䣬С椼ҲޣˮĵĴ۾ϻһŸСȹӣȷˡ
ݶԭĻƴʶû뵽ԷȻôͽԼݺݵطſġ
Ľ߻ûϢǱߵĳ²ʹš
Ҵ˻ǱˣӦڹŵĸ˹
˹ôˣ
װգ̫ˡû㣬ҹ£˼
ԷĽһӵȻŵؿڡ
ڸ˹ĻĽֶš
ָ˽ܡ
С椴ûмˣۡһֱӿˡ
˹ҲûнӴġ嶯ԼҲһ
ȵһ󼦷ɹ֮󣬸˹һŵıѾ˯ȥСսսϣԼһСľͰԼһ顰⡱ˡ
²˼ǹҿԳǮһĽǮĻΪĽٴιʱҵĹ˰ˡ
ĽνҲֻҪ̨ӡˢûعѣȻ˼ҪˣԼҲν
ȴûнܳ²Ż һ
ҿԽͶʰ쳧ĻҪһͨ
ʵ²֮ǰѾµĽ˼ֻĽԼ˵֮ȷ˶ѡ
ȱ˸Ǹ˵˼Ϊ궼ڴ߿飬ûڳ
ĽĻ֮ԥ͵ͷ
Ȼҵʱӭ˹Ҳơ
ʵĽ룬ڵһܸӻ
˹æͷ
ǱĽĴ.ȣԼүү񶼶Լ޲ڡ
ˣգ֪֪үүںöˡҴ˲ٶлأЩƱ
ݶԱߣĽͳ²Լ˹ߴﹾ˵ģָ۵׳һĨҰ
һ죬Ҳ
Ľ࣬˵ոǸǹ⽻
ݶڰѯʡ
Ľͷ
أȻͷҴȥݷΣʱ
Ͼ⽻ģʶ൱࣬Ҳȱ˸ʺϡ
ݶζû뵽ԼȻˣҲĽ˸ߵʶ
²ԼĽ༸κ⣬Ľ֮󣬶˵ͬˡ
ңҲ뷽跨˲š
ȵѧɹʱúõıЧҡ
ݶʾҪϼҴȥѧϰװ֮߸ߵĳݶĴָʾ̾
ʱŮӦеԡ
ݶȻһůϻЦݡ
-

586Ѿ

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
M
ĽߵʱͻһıҸָδǰͷչĵ·
ÿι͸оԼã֮󣬶뵽Ľһ
Լ˾Ķ鲼ǧ򻧣Ϊǵѡ
ԣŬذԼĸӾ¸ӺõͬʱҲʼоĿ
֮ǰõһڣĽ಻һM͸֮ǰӿԣʼʽ
ĺϻ˱ȶͣؿ޹۹⡣
Ͳ޽رʾĽĶȱȶи࣬ҲԼ
ȶ֮ǰ;ú棬˽˹ͿеĽ֮󣬾Լֱӳһʡ
ңͻĽִ˾ްԵĲ˹岻˵ͳ̰ɵ¹ϵñȶ档
ȫǰ˸ӴŵĹϵ
ȶĹMNȻǱȽģܹͲ˹˵ϻҲٵõʮ֮󣬿ȴΪͣΪŮѵĹϵϲ˹ʮٵʱõ˲˹뺯
ֱ˷ܵҪ
ǹȴɫģ֮ǰѾϲ˹
ͱȣϲ˹Ҳֻһţû취˯˶ѡ
ȷƹǹ˾һ޴Ļᡣ
䵱ϲ˹ϲӸ˹ڴ֮ͥº͹͹ʱ򣬴ҶڹͺͱȶĹ˾ӸȤ˲١
˹лл
˹һЦ
ллʲôҪлĻҲҸлաһȥտǸŪ˲ٺö͸үүҶоүү»ͻ
ңϲ˹Ѿмʼ·Ȩ˵ĽĽ֮ѡ
ǣ˹˶Ľĺø˺ܸߵһ׶Ρ
ĽҽãڹƱгųϵȣԲ˹֪û˲ҪĽཻõġ
ΪĽ಻ڣԴʶİԼʾöͶעĽδϡ
ǣڸ˹Ľʶϲ˹ļǡȵ˹뿪֮󣬹ͺͱȶֱӱһȺ˸ûˡ
ܹò˹ʾõˣȻ
֪ЩôĽģĽı񻹲гĻֱȥײ
ǣһ֮һʱǹ˾Ѿ鲼Mеݡ
гˣҪߡ
ֳ׼һ̻Ǿǳ
ֻװ϶ѣ׾ܹʵ֡
͵һϵȻǲ˹塣
ԷҲǰĳӣ֮󣬶ԷȤ
óԼͼֽԷһԼĽ顣
ȵ˹ı簣Ĭʦ෽ѯһֱ֮ǩ˺ͬ
֮ǰĲǴӸ۳ǱͰĬ˺֮󣬸۳Ǳ߾Ҳûа취ϵߵĽȡ
ǣֿʼͶʽͰĬк
㶨ֿ֮ʼļУѧһӲƷоӻֱ֮ǰĽЩ
ԭʽ𣬼ϱȶԼ֮ǰĹ˾каɵµʽע룬Լ˹һЩʽһεעʽ㹻Ŀࡣ
ӻڹѾձˡ
ͻǴӸڵӻŻãɫӻķֱʣӻĴСͺȡ
ҲӺЩѧĽӴУͷԼĲ㣬ȥѧУһµ뷨
ɵԼǳ̣Щ˴кѧУʵͶһʽ𣬼в˹ֱӽѧУ
ĽһаѾ졣
ڰݶＸͳ֮һ°һӣǣ°ڸӰ֮󣬾Ľలųˡ
ԻŪ̷Ǯ
֮ǰһݹ˵һҸ磬Է̤ʵϸɣϳ°ûг°ĶôóԣҲԲ
ǺҲԼϱĲ°ԼĹø˴ӣԼȥ°ͬһҵ
ʵĽôĺҲԼЩصԸտʼʱǿҷԼְ顣
ϱȴͣڼһ޶ϵ°ԶԶģĻ
ֵױ˵ˣ׵Ľͳ°᲻ԻרдһŸĽࡣ
Ľӵŵʱ򣬺⹤Ѿһˡ
ĽеƣֱӵԱߵͰ
Щ˵Ļ˾ǻˡ
޲ûлᡣ
-

587

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ҪȽĻԴӺͳ²ǣ֮󣬿ʼͣ޶Ҷ޳
²Щ;ΪʲôҪô
Ц
ҲΪĽδ򣬳²Ҳûж룬Ͼ֮ǰѾ鵽˹͡۳ǵľҲ֪ͺ͹֮ĶԹ
͸Ķ㹻࣬Ҳ㹻Ѿ˶Էûа취ĵһˡݶԴ
ԣ²ڹһʱ͹ֱӴ촰˵
ôҪʲôҪңֻǼ򵥵ҪΪס֪Ҳŵġ
ҡҡͷ
ǼȻܹӴĽ࣬ȻѾ֪ҵݡĽڣҾԲһЩԹҲ顣ΨһϣģֻҪĽʮյʱܹվǰѡ
²˺öڹ;ҪΨһû뵽
֡
ȻڻûкMM˲ҲһǹȥȻ۳ûлع飬Ǻϣܹġ
ңĽ뿪ڵķչۿû˭ǰ˵Ŀֲ֮
Ŷ̶̼µʱ䣬Լ˵ʲϷʮ
ǸԼżԼǰҪԼĽ͵ٲȻҪҾ趫
֮ǰҲʹΪʲôҪôණ͵ֻ˵ΪҪЩ
ֻΪô
²Լʱ˿еס
ֻΪ;ܹͶôࣿ
ȴһȻ
ѵô
²
ðɣ
ԼǾЩСԽԽԶˡ
²ͷ˵ֲһ䡣
ҲָΪһ۳˻ȥΪͣΪҵһԱسĽǰô˵ļ֤޸ҡ
²Źһ֣£뵽ÿһݶҪԼĽЩڵͷ
ãӦˣ
²ȥ֮ͱļ˸ΧסˣҶֱӿһľ֡
ָĴ𰸶С
²ߴߴҪ֪Ĵңѹ͸˵Ļ˵һ顣
ŴҺԼͬȣЦˡ
˵ǲвֻôһССҪѣȻô
²Ȼ뵽˹֮˵ôһ
֮ǰ˵һ仰ϻţҪʲô˵ң»һңһһ䱦
²ⷬ˵֮󣬴Ҷסˡ
ǲûмȣҲûнӴȣй˼ˣȴࡣ
˵Ǹ˭䱦ʲô
һۡ
ȵ۽֮󣬳²Ÿ˽
Ľ࣡Ǹ䱦ӦҲĽɣ
Ľһִӳ²ӵ˹͸ԼĶһλǳ²ġ
֪ô·ĻǰҲҪô·ˣСգ㿴˵۹ⲻͬ־һˡ
²Լ͹͵̸Ľࡣ
Ľ̲סЦˣصĵ˵ͷ
ǸˣҴûлɹ
ԼδĽٻЩۡ
²뿪֮Ľȥ˷˹͸ԼĶȴֹһγԼ֮⣬һš
ŵݺܼ򵥡
һʫ
㡪Ԯĸ֦ҫԼ㡪ѧΪظĸ

Ƿֵףǹᰣޡ·Զ룬ȴΰİ飬ΰҲֵλãµء
ĽȻ뵽˳²ո˵ĻһԺͽȻ
ˣ
ϵˣ
ҪΪ֮Ŭһȹһˣ
ŬȴǸˣгԼǰǵİ顣
Ľеżȵڶ쵽ѧУֱӸУҪ
Ҫ
УĽ֮ʸˡ
ҪΪʲôҪ֪ӦȴȻúоһ°ҽҽһ𡣡
ڶѾʼĽ׼ʵʵˡ
֪˼ѾҪ˷ʱˡ֪ģҵĻ֪ʶʵŵĻԿҡ
УûŤùĽ࣬ĽһҪ
ǾǱѧУС
ҿû취Ӧ㡣ΪѾӦ˰»еĻῼѧУΪѧУͬ˺ѧУѧѧϰͬʱһģѧУļ̡ʲô᲻֪ɣ
ĽϷʵسУգգ۾
Уʱ۷Ź⡣
˵ģܵģ֮ǰû˵飬㡭
˵˵ţ칫ҵĵ绰ʱ
Уһ£æ
˶Է˵֮ŵؿĽࡣ
Ȼһ¶
ġˣ
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588

ҽѧԺ͹һָҽۺѧУѺúϵ˫ĺɹ־ҵĹϵڻ͡
ңڹڵȦŪȻ󲨡
֮ǰҽѧԺʲô
ǼҽѧԺĩѣ˵ѧУУַڵ۶ʵȴ˶Ȳ
һ֮ѧУ˿顣
ѧУҪĻȻѡѧУѧϾЩѧ˹֮Ҫǹҵġ
Ϊˣǻרſ˸ᣬר⡣
˶ĿɲѧԺǹҵ档
ҾѧУȽʸ񣡡

Уڣͺǰ⼸Ϊ⼸ڷƨһ
˶˵֮УЦЦ
ô죿˼ѾָˣҪѧУѾϱ棬ҲѾͬˡ
ʱޱȸмԼʦ塣
Ľֱһء
β˵ֶΣ
ʶĽ֮;ϲžϲĽԸѧУĽš
Ը˼һ£úýһӦòʲôġ
˼ҾԶأǲڹأλҲ֪ӣǴô״Ʊô˵ͻأΪʧˣ˭ܹеأ
ۿŴҲ˵УЦ
ʵҲûн취ġ
̲ס̧ͷУ֪Է˵ʲôð취
ҪѧֲҪǵӡܼ򵥰ѧڡѧУЩڵѧԺǻǺܻӭѧҲųѡѧѧԺѧԺһֱֵĴͳǡ
УԽ˵پԽ죬ϵЦҲԽ
ۿŴҶŭĿӣУͷ
ǸǲҪҰ֪뷨˾ޣһẦߵġ
ҿ޳ܵУ׷泯ָ
УŲǻô롣
ǰԼѧУһֱѹ棬òüһѣЩ˻Ҫ˭Ը⣿
ô˵ոմҲǻȰΪôҶѾôΪˣòλԼС˽İɣ
ɹڻϰһֵУ̵ȥĽིԼս
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˵ĵ绰һǰһģĽӵ֮ԼҲΡ
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Уʦ֣ǿǽڣܲѧôѧϰȻҪǵѧɾСңҼǵѧУƽںȱٰɩǱӦҲȱٿʦɣѧǵרҵΣȥsһѿʦӦòѰɣ
У߻ڿҪôӴԷ飬Ǳ߾ԼСʦѾΰãѹեǵͷͷǵ
УԽԽúãЩڰЩΡ
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УһǿѹֵӣĽϵЦԽԽ
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˸磬ʲôʱģˣСʦ֮ǰûи˵ֻ˵չңȴԭ㡣
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ʲôи
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һֱܾ㣬Ҳ֪ǸˡĽҵСʦС꣬ҶûĽ಻ʡ
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Ľһһ塱ŵʱ򣬹ʲô飿
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֮ǰѾ׼ԸͲµġ
°һԼ·̣ҲԼľġ
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з򵥵ĺɫɽװȴô壬еôأΨһͬͬǰ˿ݵı׼Цݡ
ǶͬµӴڸ֮䣬䣬̬ذѶ֮ƮȻԶȥ
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ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
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֮ǰһεĿ˺þãŵζһʱ仹ЩţһֱȵǸϤɰ֮Ҳ̲סˡ
ϹҸ˵ǸܺóԵĶϾȻҳԵˣ̫˼ˡ
Աʶ˼æ߾ʲôŮ˰һ˽һ顣
Ȼһʮʮ١
һΣֳͼžһΡ
ŴʮŲϴʱѾ˸ʽľ²ȣһЩƯпɰĵġ
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ϲ˹ڹܼҵͬ˳
򵥵˵˼仰֮ȫȲЦǺǵôԺչһ¸˹⡣
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˹Ҵʦףƽϲ֣ף೤
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Χ˽𽥴
ϲ˹һκ⣬˴Ե
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ԱߵķʱЦŸһֽʲôʲôζģڳûʲô˼ɿڣʲôᰴոԵϲúͰƼͬĲʽ
Ҳ˵ЩôԣǶԿӺϸ˴ҵĺøС
ٱ°Լ˾ͲѳԣϷݸ˵״ѡ˴ϲĿζû˲ϲġ
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Աں˽ܲȵķ˹ŲæؿʼԶԷмȣԱзһӸԷ¡
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ϾԼĵ̶ԼᣬʲôĻ̫á
û뵽ӵϢϹȥʱ򣬶ԷѾȹ۾ڵϣԱߵķƽʱҪɿڵݡ
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ҪľƽҪ̫ڼƽʱ
֪ģҽϵͳԶ׼
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ڿһĻĴң̲סЩͶȥȵĿ⡣
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ȶԱҲĿɿڴ
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592ʮӶʮ

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ȵ֮󣬲˹Ѹ˹˹ȥһȥĻг°͹ǡ
Ͼʲô
ǸµôʶԺܺ棬ǲǸ˹ǰźõġ
ϾҲ̫ɺˡ
ɺϵθһ⣬š
үүΪʲôأ֮ǰ͸˵ˣڶԷѵ
˹üͷ
ѵѵ𣿡
˹˵ͷѵ˵һ顣
˹ֱ췽ҹ̷
Ǿô쵽ģ
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үү϶Ϊ˴ԼĿĲϱ޲Լˡ˶״µµΪֻҪҰģǾ͸Ƿչƽ̨
ЩԺأ
˹˵
˵ģڲòͣзЯͻҩ㹻ȫС
ģʽܿҲᱻȡҸ˹һȺˣܿҲΪЩ˵Ŀꡣ
гô󣬵Ҳôһ㣬ˣˣ
үүϲжһɲġȻߣ˵ססס𣿡
οĽ໹ӦԷġ
˹ǰǰȫͬӣ۾ð˾â
İɣǸӣҲոİɣ֪ģЩҩƷʹõĻҪһϵмͲԡ
˹˵ͷתͷ÷ݹһӣֵݸ˲˹
үү˵ҶѾǵˣص֤Ѿˣ˵ģΧûʲôⷽģյҩӦš
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յѧ
ǵģԽҳ£֮ǰСʦҸ
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ΪʲôүүͶûи
˹˵̲֮סתͷԱߵĹ͡
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ŹǽӲЦݣ˹ϹһЦԼԲˡ
ͶûУûƺҲûʲô⡣
Ц꣬ͼ°ݸһݶ
˹СʦĶ˵һϲġ
˹Ľ˹ûзȻתͷߵĹ΢΢һЦ
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Źɫˣ˹ŹЦ
ֻǣȵ򿪳°ݸĶ֮ҲЦˡ
ոдģ
°˵ͷ
Сʦ˵㲻֪ôĻͰ
Ҷܺһļдľʲô˹Լ֪
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Ҳǳʶˣ
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Ľ࣬óһˣ
Ľ˿֪ڹⷢ顣
ðŵһѾźˣ飬ֻܿ졣

»ղķ˹жȻޱģ߲ŸĽȥ˵绰Ǳ߾ѾԵѧУ롣
ѧУȻԸô׾ͷˣЩ˾ôƢԸֱӸ߶ԷӦĻֱӴְ
ѧУǱ߲òˣΪ˵İ»ȥרüҲ˹ȥ˵ҪչλڣʵϴҶֻ֪Ƿֹ͵͵ֶ¡
ǣڽӵϢ֮ϵҽѧԺߡ
ΪУѾĽͨˣϱʾԼѾΰװףԲλôһί
Уǵ̫˵ûɡ
ԭһѧУһھУУǻ˼һ뵽뵽İû뵽İ˵һ
ҽѧУУǰУĹѪͷˣ˽˹ϻҪЦǺǵĹȥ˴ý
Ͼǿǹİ»ղķ˹ڰڹ⣬ȥκһѧУݽҲһ˵Χۡ
ο˼ҪڿΡ
˵ЩѧҪȥЩҽԺҽҲҪһ¡
Ͼں͹ĲѾˡǼҪԼԸϹʱ׼
Уÿ̵صѧУԼͬһŻԼĲʺƨǲɿڡ
ҪˣΣ
ԣǲ֪ЩǰôҵģͷмضҺۣԼŻ۸ңʮӶʮôNɪˣ
УЦƳУһۡ
ˣҪ˱˻ԣ龿ôֲǲ֪˸л˼Ľ࣡
ǣлܵСʦá˵˵ʱֻ֪һʮСҶͻ󡣡
̫¶ˣάܵ
ҲϸԼСʦһûнûкӻԵ֡
УƵ̾Ϣһ˵ˡ
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593·

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
У˳ƤʱĽͰذԼļƻߡ
Ҫѧ֣һרҵרҵκ͹ΣÿæĽŲմأһγβٰĽûȥ
ҲһνϣĺƳ˷ͷ
һĽȥˣȴΨһһܹĽҵˣҲΨһһԴҽҽͬǶֱ۵Ŀһˡ
һ֮ҽѧҵ״ͷԭҽҲҽԺģҪĺ˵׵˲Ƕˡ
죬Ů˹һ˵رʾĺȥԷ
㲻֪Ұְһ֪֮Ұְǰ㲻أⲻҰְòˡô
ǰĺƻΪϲüҡ
ѾһεĺȴȻ뵽Ǹڴ֮ͥµǹ͵СϰСҴάѵСȻȷˡ
ǰô
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ǰȥңĺҪѾǽǮǰԤ֧ʸһ˾ܾ
Ҳ֪ҵǮȥˣǰ˱˵ǮûлϡһΡ
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ĺƺǿؼһЩ˵һ飬ͼһ㽵رʾԼҲҪȥ⿴
ûлҴһôҪһϲ
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ĺƺȻЦһ
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ɫһ䣬ʱ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱĺǡ
ĸԲҴû취ﵽǵҪҲˣҲҪ˷ʱˡһʱˣټ
żֱţԼȻ˦ˣ
ۿĺ뿪æס
ĺƣˡĳţǾȫûпˣ
ĺƽŲһ٣Ťͷ
ϷɿĸһĨЦݡ
֪ĺԶӲԼġ
ƫƫһĺƿ˿ڡ
ǰҲûпܵģô
ĺ뿪ˣһƬš
ǰ͵˼æ˸뿪Ρ
ĺʧǵţһϤС
ߡ
ȥͼľһ۾̫õ̫̫СӺƽʱ˵Цһһ
ˣ
ʶ˹ȥ
ľһЦŴкϷʵĳգգ۾
ʦ֣ҿ˵ˣһ֮Գ˷ͷǸҶӵģԸϤ˲֪֮ȥҪôߡû¶һ·
ĺָָŵĿα
Ӧòû¶ɣ
ľٺһЦȻ뵽ʲôһ˽ĺơ
ʦ֣Ȼ³ˣͰæɣҵȷҪȥϿεû
ĺεЦҡҡͷӦ¡
-

594

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ĺҲǻȥҲ֪ĽྐྵȻУСʦãЦá
ǲףСʦãҲҵСʦá
УǺһЦָԼֶӵļ
СʦͿǴúܣӴӴ׼û
ĺУǻ˼˵ĽҪԷһͷ󣬼æʾԼ鲻ǲġ
Ѳ̸Ůѣ
ĺҡͷЩް
ŮѣԼŴûйɣ
ûŮΣСʦȴѵġҲ˺䡣
ȷ䡣
Ǹ˴Ľ֮۾ֻĽһˡ
һ͵ˣվĽߵʱȴֻһĽˣ˶ѡ
ݵת˵ļ򵥡
Ľ˵ƱҲ۾գһµİԼеȫҶѹȥ˵ûĽ࣬ԼһҲûõĻ
Ľأ
ҲԺ޹˼ɵԼǿαװСֻһֱŵŮ˶ѡ
Ҳûй͵ΣƱְͽæ˲˹ˣڴ֮ͥάԼˡ
İ顣
Լ֮ǰģֻǹҼҶѡ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʲôأ
ĽżԱ߷㶵ĺƣЦе߹ǰ˻Ρ
ĺƻعæ䴽ǣ뵽Լ֮ǰ˵ĻЩ顣
ʦ֣֮ǰڹǱǮƱѾˣҾŸǻǮ
ĺЦЦ˹
ҲûһŻϾǶǮʵҲûбҪ
ϾǰֻҪǮ飬ϱѾûˣǮǮģƺҲû塣
ڳӵУ˳˳㿴һۣ۾ֱˡ
ôôࣿ
ĺһҲ̲סŻ
ǰôôࣿ
ʶĿĽࡣ
Ľһ޹
Ҳ̫֪ǹڲʱ
Ľһ̹Ȼĺȴ׽һϸڡ
Ҫˣ
Ľ˸һ¡
ջ£Ӧûɣ
УԱ֪Ľڹ֮һ
Ǯô׬ǲǹⶼǮˣ
ĺȻ뵽ǵһμİķ
ʱİķڹƱ͹˾ɰĳĹʲߣҿǾȡ
ļǵãʱİķ·Ƶġ
Ҳ̫
Ľһ֪ϻиɻЦݡ
ĺȻɻ󣬲ҲûвĽĻԡ
Ϊ֪ĽùƱ׬ǮͶú档
ԽˣԽˣǶڸ
У˳æкһȺˡ
ҼæӦһȥװӵװӣպˮպˮ
ڳԷʱУȴĺ˵˰»ںղķ˹ڵ飬ѯĺûҪҪ졣
ĽҲĺټѧһ¡
ʦѾˣҲ֪ǱߵʱĻѧʱһ
ĺ̲סУ
УոոԼ˵Լ׽ĽĻǲζž
Уȴһ֡
ȻĽ˵ˣͲֻаٷ֮ʮİգ϶аٷ֮ٵȫա
ĺǰܾ˼ѧҪѧУ㿪ʼ׬ǮȢϱʱ
ϱûˣȻپܾˡ
һĽõĻԼǰٲúðյĻ˵УԼŹԼ
ԺҪ鷳Сʦˣ
Ѿ֪ĽͰ»֮ĹϵҲѲ³»ǾǱ˭ġ
Զ׼
ȻѾҪѧУ죬ĺȻҪ֮ǰе
ȥҽԺʱҽԺľ
ͬ־ô
ľһĺƣԼҲЦˡ
ûʲôҰְֽϲ˵ͷۣҴУƣӦ߲ʲôţ
ĺҲЦˡ
ľôﰡҺͲһֱ㣬һȥɣ
ľһˣʱüͷϵıҪѿжѿ
ĺߴ˴գĿŶԷ
꣬㷳Ҷ˵ˣҲϲ㰡ҲûпܣΪʲôǲھҰǰ˵һ仨ֻҪҲͬ⣬ҰֶӦһģ
ľ㲻ҪﻹأӲ̫ÿ
˿һĺƣ۾ԹĹ⡣
ʲôˣǸ˵İɣʶߣҪȻҿˣ
ĺƵȷ˸󣬿ܻͦ˵ģ
-

595

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ľ˵֮ĺƻǰһ˼ԣҪΪľͷ
ʵѾˣ㻹ǰװʲô崿װʲô޹治Ҫ
ˡޡһмĵͷ뿪
ľԼҲҪǺţŭ۾ֱɱˡ
ĺȴûſЦˡ
ľЦ֮ŷӦ
˼ĳĺͷ
ʦ֣˼ոðͷ˼ֱ͸һƤҩһ̫ˣҸ˵˰˰ٱ飬͸һˣ
û£ҾվţҲǰײã֮ǰڹ⣬ǲæأ
ľڰ֡
ǶӦģ
˿ȥ˵˰ֶ֮һۣͬʱһЦ
ˣʱ䲻ˣҵȥҰˣллʦ֣ԷĽĸҲһǮˣ
˵Ȼ뵽ĺƸĽǮԼĻ࣬Щȡ
ĺȴû⣬ļ
ðþû¹ˣһ𣡡
ʵҲûֻ̫࣬ǰľԼһһ
ľ֮æ˳Էʱ붼ûֱӵͷ
Ǯˣֲܸ߱ˣֻ֪ܺܵһ뷨ľ͵͵ĺĪ
ҵĻҹƻҲأĽæҪҪģҲȥڽԴһ٣һҵҲһҵС⡣һѵǮ˵Ŀ֣
ľҡͷ˵Ļ죬ĺϵЦԽԽ
ôЦ𣿡
ûʵҲûʲôЦģ
ľ˱ͣĿ˰˵Ҳ֪ʲôóԵֱѡϴĽͳԵļˡ
ô࣬Բɣ
û¶ſ˳ԣԲǻܴأңҽ컹Ҫ㣬̫ˣɴһ٣˾С
ĺҪʲôæ
ǲǸɧˣ
УҾ֪ףһ׷ңһ߻׷Ůڼֺ֮һŮ
ľĺһҪ졣
˵ѧУͼһ飬Ҫһ¡ûǵͼ֤û취ͼݡСֲĽ࣬Ҿ뵽㣡
ĺ˵˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳûô򵥡
ȻѾȷҪоҲȿԣ֮ѧѧ֮ͼ֤
ڣУֶӣ߸ſͼ֤ͦ׵ġ
ðɣҳԷķϣҾͰһѣ
Ǳľڸж£ĪĴš
ף˲֮ǰǸе㲻˵ö죬ôܽĲ
ǰ֮ǰŲ˵ʲôҽڴ𣿡
ǶǸŮ˭ѽ

˳źָķ˹ÿĺƺľ̸ĳ棬ʱܻĳ˹
ΪĺĻֻ˵˵ѣĺƶûϵûгǰ
ĺƣ˵˭
ľĿǰͻȻֵŮ̲סתͷɫƽĺƣȻһ
ǸɩӰɣãǡ
ľŶԷ֣æԼĺƵĹϵ
ľĻû˵꣬ͱԷžһĵ֡
ҹ˭Ҹ˵ķݶ𣿡
źȻ֣ĺ̲סľԼ
ţѾûϵˡҺʲôϵͲġ
߻һվţĵط˦ˣο컹գϹҲסŭİеȫľϡ
ʵ˵һжǼٵģѾһˣҹԲż˦𣿡
ţ˵ͷŸɾˣʲôб㹴Щǲ˵ǲ˵Ҫҵ̣޼ɵʱ
ʲô˵ʲôҽƴҵղҲҪҪˣ
˵žͳľ˹
߱ľһ㣬Ȼռơ
ĺƵľˣæ߹Ҫס
ŵǿĺƾҪάŮѶǰŮѶֵС
ֱӰĺΧеֱӾ֡
Է̫࣬ĺֻܱ
ĽôŷͰķĪԷͿһĻ
üͷܵġ
ɲ֮俴ںԼһ˴ľüһʹһɫ
ȻҲ˱һȺΧŴĺƺľȥһȺȫſˡ
ľͷɢ׵̧ͷڿĽ֮󣬡ۡһ˹ĺ۾Ľ״
Ǽֱ̫ˣбµҲѽ˴һʲôӢۺú
-

596Ҿǻ

ĳЩԭ򣬽ͻȻִû޷ҳʱվλμǱվҵؼҵ·
ĽЦĿһľ
С޲ΪԼˣҲΪˣǾǴί
ڣᣬ
ľڵſŵţĥĥ
ǣȵ´ټҲǣ
Ľεҡҡͷ
ľѼӲ
ۿĽ࿴Լľɿһæѯʷ˭ôôҪҪͽĻתƴҵע
˵עǱתȥˣĽȴ̧ͷĺơ
Цˣ¶һڽ׵ݡ
ʦ֣˻ë١Ψһһëһ̡
ĺһ£ԼʵҲ˲ʣǰǺ̸ˣû취˵Ľúð˽ѵһ١
ǴˣǵǸ
Ľҡҡͷ
أһǸ͹Ҵ֪ǣ˴һƣҾͰָԣʦֻиĻԭҲ˼ˣ
ĺƻҪ˵ʲôĽѾԽһˡ
űһȺΧм䣬ۿųñƯʱǺã·ҲȲŮôʩʩȻ߹ҾȻ˭ûж
ãĽ࣡ոǸˣõѡԣڴ߲ˣ˱˾һȥ̸̸
ʶĿԱߵĺƣʱȻҡͷ
ҲȥⱾͲҵĴ˱͵͵Լᣡ
ʦ֣𣿡
ĽתͷĺƣһЦݣ۵ȴ˸ɭȻĹâ
ԭҪ˵仰ģɵվԱľǱ׵ӣû˵
ţˣǸɣ
Ȼܵõԭ£٣Լһ̬ȡ
Сһ߸ߵ̧Լ°ͣӵĿǰһȺˡ
ûˣҲĺƵŮѣ͵͵ĻᣬҴѵдҺûᣬھĻҪġ
ĽЦһ
ߣ͵͵Ļ᣿Ѿ˰ɣһɣ
㡭ƾʲôô˵
ŵĺơ
ΪĺƸĽ˵ʲô
ĺĵ̾Ϣһ
ʵҲġԭ²ԡҲûʸȢ㣬ûǮȢ㡣ǣںҴʱ򻹺ͱףֹһôܣ
Щ˵һ֮ľû赲
ûİҵ
УһֱҵĶ󣡡
㵱ǶĻô֪ҼͥõʱҴǮ蹻Ǯ˼ٿǮȥҵʱ㻹
㵱Ƕôҳʱ򣬱Һף
㵱ǶҪô͵͵ҴȥѺͬ£

ľʵͨ죬ƿԡ
ĺ˵֮Ĩһ¿š
ЩǰԸ룬ҲԸ׷ⲻɵ
⻰˵֮ɼŹ
˽֮󣬽˽Э̴
ĽҲԼ⳥⳥ÿ100顣
ľҲôŴ󿪿ڣű˿ģȻûûε˵
ŽգǴǮģһ100ĻԸǮ˶ĻҳԲ
Ľ໰Ҳ˵úס
첻⳥ĻҲԡһһСڽǡҲԴһ100ġ
ŷŭĿĽࡣ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˭ϻ100Ǯţ
ĽüͷתͷԼİ˾µǮͳһǮˤϡ
ûУûУңһûЩǮϡˣҲʵҲûҪԶ֣ϾҲͦæġ
˵ԼϸڵĻҳ˹ĸǡ
Ҳһ100ȥҼСǣ˵죬Ҿܱأ
ľ̲סΪĽĴֽо
һЦ
Ľ࣬ǮˣͣǼҲ10ˣ˾1000Ǯ𣡡
ڿŮţ
Ľ̲סЦĵ˵ͷ
ãҲ
һһ͵ģԷڻ
1000Ǯǿ1000Ǯѽ
ô˵͸һǮһ򵥣
żĽ಻òֻܿĺƣҪæ˵һ¡
ʦ֣û˵ľϵ˾ͰװˣҪΪԼΪۣ첻ҲֻܳưͿɣߣľ˵ĸء
Ľֻڵϵһͷ
ĺֻɨһ֮󣬾Ͳٿˡ
󣬻վ⣬һ50飬ֻнյ˹Ÿ300顣
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597ò

ľһǮЩա
˵һǮ㲻õģ
ĽĺƶһۣЦˡ
⻹ǣĴĺѽ
黹û
Żؼ֮ԽԽԽԽѹ
ԭúõһûҲˣֳһǮԷǮûˡ
ʱҲû˼˶ѡ
Ͼļͥмͷ˭ǹ׽ģ
50ǮѾöһµĹʶҪˣ
Ż֮۾޸ͣĵѯôˡ
źߺİ˵һ顣
ȻУԼ϶һܺߡ
ĺƾȻô˵Ȼҿű۸㲻˵𣿡
Էһӡ
֣̫ˣС֪ĵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ȼǵ˵ѧУǵ˵֡
ˣ齻ңͱˣİ˵ȥ׾С
ŵķ뿪ֱ֮Ӱѵ绰Լͬѧæھѧĵ⡣
һĽ࣡һľ
ԷЩСġ
ʶϾ̫ˣСĵǱ޸ĹģһѧУУԹĵģȻʶ
ûɶ¶СŮһЩ֫ìܣһǵѧУŵǸ
ԷͬѧҲû̫࣬û뵽ƭֱҳĽǵϸ˳ȥ
ĽľϣҲûд濴ʲô
ֻһСëѾͷѣȻ۸ԼŮͷϣôܵˣ
ҪĲĽǣĺơ
СҪΰ⣬ǣҽѧٲȻȽȽ֮ǵĺơ
һƵĻ᲻ʲô
ԣѿڵʱͰѿС
Ҫôúú롣
ĺƴ챻֮һֱľ
ҪϰĶʵ̫࣬ľȥĽĽ˵Ҫúôһϵ˿ڡ
鷢֮ĺһֱκ
ԼÿȥľĽסҿԷı飬ƺܲ
ʵҲǶԵģ⣬ֻǾöľ˶ѡ
Ľ࣬ǸﰡʦֲֻҪǸѡ㲻һĴεİ˸ϳȥ˰ɣ
Ľûķ˸ۡ
Ϊ˭
ϧС۶ʼղԼ˼
ҲԼ˼
´ΣҰ˸ŽȻ˵һʲôҪԹǰŮ֮Ļ
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ĽûԷ˼Ҳŵͷ
أʦˣӦһƯͻݵģ󷽣ҡ
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ȵĽ˵һ֮ʶ˲Ծ
Ľ࣬˵ʲô
ľͬѧ˵ʲôأⲻʼ˵ô˵ǵʦֲӦŮѣӦһʲôŮѡⲻ˳˵ô
ľ̲סüͷܾĽ˵еġ
Ľ࿴ľûʶԼ˵ʲô̲ס̾Ϣһ
˰ܲܶԼ˼ôһ֪
ǰԼ͡
Ľ뵽Լ˼̲סЦҡҡͷ
ðɣҲˡ
¶ĥĥ£
ĺ⼸˼ľûҵˣֱӰԼе뷨ԼĿ档
ƽʱҪæúܡ
ոϰ֮󣬾ѾԼ˾н˰칫ң˵Ҫú̸̸
Σôˣ
εݸһš
ǽϳҰ칫ſڵţٱΥҽԺ涨Ӵˡ
ĺЩš
ܣҸûй
һϻ˵ʱص㣬Լ˵ֶΡ
ĺ뵽Լոձҵʱ򣬲õѧУʵϰʸżһͻȻεĲ
Ϊʱ¸ûа취ȥҽԺֱֻӰ˾͵˺йܣ˾һѶ
ʱ֪ҽԺϽʵϰƲģ鷢֮ҪҽԺϲ˵ԼʱŮѣҲŸֹˡ
ŵʱ˵Ҳܼ򵥣ĺԭͥͲãҶѵֱȽϿ̣ĺʧȥĻ˾Ҳûпˡ
ټΪĺƵĲ֣ʱйܵλ˳ԺŰ¡    				

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±ĺ붼룬ʶþҵġ
ǾҪ
Σ鰴˵ҲӦǵġǵʱЩӡ
ѵʱ˵һ飬Ҹα֤ҽԺ׷Ļھʹ򱨸ְ
ѽ鵱ȻѾˣôˣˡ鵱û֪ɣ
ĺɫ˱䣬һֱԸ˵ż˵Ļ̲סˣ֮ĶԹ˵һ顣
ҿһǴְɣϾҲȷʵΥ˹涨
ҡͷʾǸ涨Ѿȡˣ÷ϡ
ԵĻ㻹ǸǱߺú˵ŪĻҽԺߺŵġ
εǸ֮ĺ뿪˰칫ҡ
°֮ȥϰĵطҵš
ôҪҸҸ㣬ǰһţȴûˣ
ֻҪ뵽췢飬žͰ˺޵͸͸ġ
ôῴһ쵰
ϣˣҹ㲻Ҫ˵ЩԲˣ
˵ʲô
ȵĺư˵֮Цһ
ĴòãǼģдҲҪȥٱһҪȥٱҸŮϵءʱɲǶ˹⣬˶Ҫȥذɣ
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֮ĺƵȷֱţҸŮϵ
Ѿ֤˶޻̸֮ҽԺ滹һЩõӰ졣
ĺԭڳ֮ҽԺܾ˼ȴΪңңˡ
֪̲֮סЦˡ
ҪľЧ
ȻĿĽǵϡ
Ľ˭
Ӵ˶Է֪֮һСģϵġ
ԶԷոն֣Ľ߾ѾõϢ
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˵Щ
ȻҪʦֺúԼǰŮԼ˵ĿңʦֲôϾһʵҲӦùǵǲǣ
ĺƲĽ྿ҪκȻҲС
ԲҪʲôĻҿ԰㡣
һҪģҪЩ⣬֪ʦҪҪӦң
˵
ľѾüûмĺˣȻǰĺƵʱЩš
ʦ֣ô
ĺҡҡͷ
ûʲô֮ǰʦòҪҸͼ֤ôҸˣʱȥѧУͼݿ顣ң˵ѧϰһЩҽⷽרҵʻǰɣҪҰæô
ȻѧϰƵģһƴ򣬵ΪԼĹϵҽҲм˽⡣
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ǿллˣɲ֪ĽҲõҵжѣȻҷҽѧԺҽαҵ죬оͷ˺öࡣ
Сʦڶ㣬ңкô
ԶһԻܴʻҪǣ԰ľ
Ͼ»ǺܿҪˡ
ľٺһЦ
ҵȻ֪ˣ֪ҲŲأҰ趼ãⱲĽ˵顣
˵ЦСĺ۾˸һ¡
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˲֪ĽĴ㣬ȴǰĽ뷨һġ
ľǺôĺǲе̫Ѷˣ
ĽصЦЦ
ʦִǾԼһЩصҵ׻ǻȡѵġЩ飬ϲϣҡʲʺϣֻнӴ˲֪ô
Ľ໰δ˼ϷһĨϼ
Ľ࣡
Ľ͡
ΪҲڼԲ֪֮䷢ʲôôǲǶѾ˼ҳҲˣЩӲͣڵ۶ͶǱѵΪҪ׬Ǯô
ԺݺݵĽһڡ
СǲԼ˶󣬾ͺ޲ȫµ˶ж󰡣
ĽλԴ
ҵԸĻǷ㣬Ͱʵ˰ɣ
֮ǰôˬ죬Ҳл
ҲŲҪأ
Ľָָ󣬹һЦ
磬ƼûУôŬҪ˼һң˼ҲϡأϿȥһƴúôû꣬Ͻˡ
ԭΪĽڶŪԼû뵽Լתͷ֮濴һЦһס
ʱȥĽ࣬תͷͷ֣ĽѾӰ
һ˹ЦŰԼеĶ˹ȥ
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ѩȴЦ֣߶ԷνֻҪƽƽС
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ʱ˿̣ĺԺۼкĽϵˣҲԼͬͣԼֱߵĶĿߡ
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תͷһƣǱ߻ǸĽľЦеغһȺǶ˵
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ƵؿһǰļˣΪĬ
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˵ûʲô仯²ȴһ˳ԼĽŵװϣһֱԼĲġ
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Ŷǹʲô뷨ֱ˳Һĺԭض顣вУ
֪ĽڿЦֻҪһ룬Լġ
קĽൽһû˵Ľ棬ѹǽϣȦԼĻ
ֻңֻܿңֻܺһ𡣡
ĽЦ
ƾʲô
ƾ
ԼȵĽϣϡ
һֱԼĽ˫룬żѵİ˷ſ
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Ľ࿴ŹͶԼһĿ⣬Щ˵ӣһ¡
壬㲻ҪôһȺ˻ڵǵġң֪ģҺĺƲܵġ
ͱƽĽ࣬ƵĽ߿ڡ
Ϊʲô
ͳżԵɳƣĽಱʼһƬƬƤ
ĽԼʱ˵ġ
֪ģ֪ġ
һҪ˵ΪʲôΪʲôܣ
ĽֻԼκģߴŭƻ磬ûƶ
˼ӲžһǽһȦ档
ͣ㲻Ҫ̫֣
ǷŭĻ˵ֻ֮˾ģܰ˵Ķˡ 				

605ֻں

Ƶ̾Ϣһǰһ˱˻档
˵һϲôô
ĽϸЦݡ
ô֪ϲ㣬ϲĺƣ
ƤŹ˹ȥ
ҵȻ֪㲻ϲĺơĺһҺãñҺÿǱǱҶã۾ֲϹΪʲôȥϲ
ĽȻƿǰˣŹЦһ
ӿʼǼٵģڹƭҶѡֱ̫ͣʧˡ
Ľ۾ɿתܿ
ͺ޲øԼ⣬ҪúøĽӴһ¶ѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰĽǼ˾˺ͰĽ࿴ʵʵģ˵仰Ūš
û뵽ԼȻŪɳ׾ˣ
Ľ࣬ҰĽ࣬Ҵˣ
ͼææĽ׷˹ȥɵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼǰ첽ߵСȻס˽Ųɿת.ǰק
ȻԼż⳯Ź˹ȥ
˾һ
ûзӦ͸оĴ.ԼĴһ֡
ûиָܵоͼĽѾ˿һ
Ц⡣
壬ϲ㡣
ʹʱףʲôֳָᣬԼһѾһ̲ˮ
˽ȭͷҪǰܿСﰴԼĻ֪С
Ͼһӡ
ңǼֵܺݿǴŶ
Ľľվһϵɫû
Ǻǣĳ˸ո뿪ȥ¶˰ɣ
Ľüͷûоúߡ
ԻʳŮ֮ɡʲôԣոչ嵹ǸңĺƵһλǰŮڸˡ
ɣʦǲе̫ˣѾˣҪԴ˼ң̫ðɣ
Ľ෭˸ۡ
ɵ˼ԵĶ㣡
Ľ˵֮󣬾ͱ»ǽ˹ȥľһ±ơ
ʲôڰɣһҺʦֳһηô
Сڿɵˡ
Ϊ˼ҾĺƵŮѣΪ˼ҵǽǣ
ľ̲סɴ۾
ɣ
ԼʦʦöѣѾ͹˰
ҿСһǱ߲УôúùȥϵȻС˼ѧУСٲȻŪţҲܵġ
ľ鲻ܣûȥУУȴҵ˵ѧУŵ顣
ĽѾ˵֪࣬鲻ǡԺǾܿС˵̫ˣ
ľʶĿС졣
С쳯ʼѾԶ׼ˡ
ԷڼҾþĺƣҪ
ľûϾ̫ʱ䣬Ϊ˵ĲˣʱҲˣѾԿʼˡ
ǳ²ֵģϾ⽻ģ̨ȣ˵Ҳٴ졣
һ˵꣬һȺ׶
̨ΪĽһʻһ׼óʹá
ľɸСĵΨˡ
ĽؿŹͰһָԼָϣ沢µ·ʶ̧ͷ͡
ȴ̵ĴĽָ˿ûзߡ
ʱ򣬴ҿʼĽ˵ʲôֳպ֡
Ľ࿴ǰˣǵЦ
кܶܶ໰˵ҲкܶܶеͻΪһ׸衣
Ҹҳ׸ɣֽСֻں㡷
û㣬ҽӹôǷҪϧҲʶĳһˣƽӣ֪᲻ᣬҲаۣ
ʱҴȥֻں㡣ĸԸȾϢܹõ֪ʧȥҲϧ
;վĽĶ棬СЦس׸裬ۿ΢죬ٿ档
һֱѹԼؿļͻϲ޲ð˽ıڻ棬һӶֿ
ڣһΧѻȸʱ򣬹ֱȥһѰĽ౧ڻ
Ҳں㣬ں㡣
Ľͬס˹ͣ۾Ц
Թ壬һӣǧҪŪҡ±ӣҲټˣ
ǰһѾˡ
ĵ͹ȣĸ߳ûôһˣٶĶ·û塣
һӵȻһΪ˽ĹͣԸýʱһ㣬һ㡣
ѾĽĸ׸жһͿ
ȻѾ֪Ľддʣû뵽Ľ裬дĸ˾
ĸһֱĹٻǱ𺳵ˡ
ֱ׵ĸʣֱ׵ĸ飬ܸжɲܹ˵ʲô鰡֮Ļ 				

606

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С쳯Ľ෭˸ۡ
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˵Ծֻš
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һΣʿƤŮʿΣһͶ׵֡
Ĺؼˣһģһģֺͺˮһ
ľ뵽֮ǰڹ⿴ŵЩΣ̲סһ
Ųùòɵģԣʯô
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棬ѾʼΪĽൣˡ
Ҳܼ߯ˡ
ľĵķԲˣȴ̵ظĽױ
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ĽһѾĿŹзɵһΡ
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ԣֱеô
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޲ȫµ˶֪ԼĽһ롣
ռһ˱Ƚ϶࣬ԳС֮ǰЩС񶼱ˡ
ҲãЩС֮ǰ򵥵װ޹ҾҲס˺ܷ㣬Ҳ̫Զ
Ľ˰
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뵱뷽跨ҪʦʦԼѧУν̣ûһԸġ
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Ľఴ飬ѹͽܸ˴ңԼڹһС
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гҩָǡ
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һֱڰЩҩҩҳԣȴ
ʵгҩǰҲмأһЩΪ˲ҩ֭԰ǰɺСˮ̷ǲֻЧ¶ѡ
һĽ˵
ǣЩгҩʲôãʲôɻ䣬Ǳһ˵ʵ̫Сˡ
ĽѹһЩҩĽ.ɺͼɻ䶼˵һ顣
ҩʲôҩһãҩʲôҩˣֱѪѹ˲ܳʲôҩиܳʲôҩȵȵȵȣǶҪһϵͳĻܡ
ұĽĻ𺳵ˡ
ԣһ󹤳̣һһ񹤳̡
ĽȻ뵽ǰڹĴ˸֮Ķгҩδҡ
ԼģҲЩǧڴĶġ
Ľ࣬ȷⶫڹô
ǰڹڣҲҲа

ߴߴĵ֣ԱһֱĬĹ˵˻
ҿȷӺ͸.ɵĻ⣬ҩԴҲ⡣ûҪҩģǿũԼ֣ûҩǿԼ
Ľ̲סЦ
͵Ǽ룬ͣˢԼĴڸС
ô죿
ϲ
ҿһһĹͣصͷ
Ľųûѹָ֣µؽһ顣 				

607º

СӲĽ˵ĻǶ˵ͦжġ
ǰһҪľǿϡ
˵һֱڹ⣿ûô˲ͬһطһûһң̫ðɣ

ʱҶûν֮ģֻ˲һĻӰ˵ĸ顣
ĽֻһѧҽѧѾǸҲĳɹʿҲǾ˲䣬ֻΪĽġ
Ȼ׵˼ҵ˵ģĽ뿪֮ǲУ顣
УҲ˵һЩڹͺĽˣԹһЦԼ֪ȫ˵˳
ǿŹСôôܸɡȴ׹ΪʲôҪһ
ѵĽڸ߿֮ǰĽڹ۶ϣ۶ѹʹӼȳ˵һ顣
֮ǰĽȥŰ»ڹ͡˵͵ûжǮΪĽһ˵ҪƱֱóԼеļҵұԼʱ˾ĹɷݣΪĽ࿪ġ
ҶʱĿ࣬Ȼ
ĽҲ߯ˣ
ǰǿǼ𰡣
൱RMBǮ
ŶԼۡ
Ҳ߯ˣУҵһ˵˵ǡ
ҾҲǣ˴ҲСˣôܸĽֵˣ

˵֣УȴƵ˵˹͵һԡ
˵֮׬ǮҪĽ໨ûĽ࣬ҪٶǮûáĽ࿪ģǮͻıȽֵڣǮû˻׬
ң
˼ž˰Σ㿴ңҿ㣬ʱ˵ˡ
ȻͲ󣬶Ҿ鶼١ǵĵ鲻֡ңľĽ͹֮Ůǿô
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ǲǣǿʹ͡
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ȵǻȥ֮󣬿Ǹд֮󣬳ײ˵
ϵһʿģֱʣд
Ȼֺǰһ֣ҲԿó¹ˡ
㣬ѧԮĸ֦ҫԼΰĵİ飬ΰҲֵλãµء
һõִʫдЩЦ
ɵϵͺĽ֮ĸ֮ȴһݸֿĿ¡
٣ľǺ۾һʫʶ˼飬ʮ顣
ҲҪӵһְ飬ǿԲϧΪ˱˴˵ĿŬֱܽǰ
ͬ뷨˻ĺơ
Ҳڶһʫʱ򣬺ȻԼ֮ǰĴ
֮ĸͲǰ顣
һŮ֮ĺɶѣʲôǰ飿
ڷܶĹ໥֣໥֧֣໥ĽҪĶ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰԼǰԱͲͣرѣ̲סЦЦ
Щ͵紵ߵ°ɣ
Ժǻõġ
ҶиԵ˼ʹʱ˿̵˼ǽǰС֣ľǲſ
壬Ҫ˯ˣ
ţ
Ҫȥ˯ˣ
ţ
ͣ
ĽԼָЦá
̧ͷĽ࣬ίͰ͡
Ҳ˯
Ľࣺ
Ҫһֱ֣һֱ
Ľüͷ©һĨаЦ
壬ô
ģ
ǡأ
Ľڹһǡ
ͶʱǴ˼Ѫһֱֱӣ̽ӳĽǡ
Ľֶ㣬ڻûжȥ
ڹҪһʱĽֱ
壬Բʱ䲻ˣҺȻȥϢˣټأ
ԭصĹͣ
ϣɱģһͨԼĽΡ
Ľһͨ飬ȵ֮󣬶ʱԼ޳
뵽ЩѶȵĶ־һ󼤶
еļƽϢ֮󣬹ŷ˲Ծ
ǣϵģһ͵͵ȥϴӣñСץ˸š
ǣˣ
üͷһСޡ
Ǳ˴˱˴ˣ˵ûй
Сɫһ䣬ɿסԼҶӵĶ䡣
˭һҪҿɾ㣬Լ͹ˣҶĽʲô飬Ĳ㡣
һβûз
ϾĽͻСĶĽʲô飬˵СԼҲˡԼġ
ĽǰһĻﻹ²ʲô
ɫؿһ۹ֱ֮תͷݡ
ͿһӣֿһĽ뿪ĵطææ׷˳ȥ
Ľ࣬ҽ͡
ɲĽʲô֪СϾĽǸҽģ
׷˹ȥĽǴЦ
Ľţ߹ȥǰȦס˹͵Ĳս˹͵Ķ
壬εˣ
ţ
εʲô
һ˲ԼͷƤըˡ
Ľǹģܿ϶
. 				

608ϲ

ûڹڴ̫ʱ䣬Ǻһİ»ȴѾ뿪ˡ
»˳ؽĽǵҽѧԺƽڣɿʹһѸѧԺĿʦ
ԭѧԺУǷޣѧУϵͱȽϺãҲһϵ֮ǰ˼֡
ѧУѧĽĲҪҪģͣУ˵顣
УԼû̫֣Ѱ»ղķ˹ļ˹ȥ
ԭЩԸ⣬Ҳ֪Ľ˵ʲô֮󣬼ŹȥУ˺þãֱ˵Ӧøô˵ġ
УҪѧУ˲ҲҪѧУ֪ȡҪĩˣʲôҪģ
У㶵ؿĽࡣ
ͼСﳯݸһЦ
ҽǵҽҽˮƽ֮ء֪λʱ䲻ˣҲҪûǣЩʱ˲̫ˣ
Уû뵽ԼȻᱻһСһΡ
Ҳû̫Լְλʱ̫еǰˡ
ڵڶֱ֮Ӹݽ˴ְ棬ݺܼ򵥡
ҲҪʵԼ
Ľ֪֮һ֮ͨЦŵͷ
ʦӦеӣǸλϣԼҲһС
УѧУЭ飬»ںղķ˹ڿڴýڿΣ˭ԹΣλùҪ취
ЩȻ赲˿֪ʶѧʵһѪ꣬첻Сռλãɴ˲ٰȻ˵
˵ĽͼʦʦŬƽгҩĴƹ㹤һʱ׿гЧҩ֮ͨ󣬾ѾʼгͶʹãЧ
Ľİ£»ղķ˹Ǻ͹ڵһЩҽǶԸƲƵƵײҵĻ𻨣ҲٽҽҽϵĽںϡ
»ղķ˹ԽǽӴҽԽҽºͻɬ˵Ҳսһ
ǰڵѧУ͹ѧУнѧϰôҴӱ˴˵ĻܹѧĶ
ֻȴǣЩ֮֮ǰڹпҽѧԺӭĴ죬ѾʼڹûҽҲڿʼ̧ͷ
УȻѾԼλϣһѾ൱οˡ
ʱͬ׾Թ϶һָߡ
Ľҵһ꣬͵ҵͼѾ˼еĵƷҰͼ
¹æÿһҲһˣ·ϻᵢüʱ䣬ֻܺĽһദ죬ִ˲ƣ
ԬһֱŹͣ˹ͺĽ֮ദģʽҲΪԼһѡ
˳òҲֻǳ°µһʦϲˡ
ϲ˶ԷԼģ˵ʱԼϲԷԼʲôʲôﲻûвģûвˣϲԷϲŭַϲŭ֮ϡ
ҲûǮ׷ģϾƯҲͻԬѡ˻ǰһǸҲû뵽ԬྐྵȻܹԼ
Լ˲ƱһͷβֻΡ
Ϊʲôô˵Լôûģ
˲˼ЦЦ
ϲ㣬ҾܺãʲôáԿġ
ԬǿЦãҲЩ͸ж
ԣģΪʲôңΪʲôҪôã
Ϊϲ㰡ҶòҪ޸Ұֻǣֻǡ
Ҫð
ֻǶԷʣµĻû˵ͱԬסˡ
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ԣԸԸΪŬŬΪõ㣿ԸԸվһ𣿡
һ֮󣬷ɿĵͷ絷⡣
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ζԸ⣡
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ͳ°ĳʦȣֻһͨͨĳӶѰ
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ңһԴ߸ݾҸʦ
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ǼϴѾܺˡҲû˭Ǽϴĳոõġ
ԬһЦ
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أ
ԬЩڸĽԼҪʱ򣬻ЩС
ʵҲȷĽ᲻ͬԼ
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ϾҲ°˵ѧ˵ʱǱԼСʦġͷڵòᡣ
ЩĽ࣬˽ŭԬĽ鷳
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Ľ໰䣬;ȥ
ңңңӢ۶ңҲֻҡ 				

609¾

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ǸĺҪҲһֱڸĽôòĻܹû취Ľ˵ͼݵĵУҵúһҡʦֳԷô
ĺЦЦ
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ҵıһ˿ˣ
Ϊʲôô򵥵ĵǸ׶ȴ֪
ľĥĥˣЩԼȻѾͨˣͲˮ
ȥ׶ĵλ˳ѶԷԼĶۺϳǮƱ˶Է
治˼ôʱ䡣ǿ̫ܲʣллԼԲ𡣡
ʵҲûʲôԲġ
һ£ѯľΪʲô
һֱΪദĲ
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ܣǶڲĶ岻̫һɣ
ľȥҽѧԺҵ˸ڰ»ĺơ
ĺƳľ˻֣ʾһˡ
ľЦվſڣ۾ؿĺơ
ǰôûԼһأ
ĺƹϵû룬ƺֱͨѳһ
ӻˣĺƹȥ޵ģԼʲôͷȵģҲĺƿģ˵Ľ̫æˣæ̶ֳôҲڰɣ
ĺƣʱʱԼԷʱʱѴһЩ³鱾ɡ˻Сĸðʱҩ
ĺƳͼľվſڷ㶣˼֮ľûӦ
ôˣû¶ɣ
ȵ˵Լļ֮ľڻ
ǿسһĨЦݡ
û¶ֻҺҵǸˣ
ĺüͷһ塣
ô¶ǲʲôԲ飿֮ǰǲǻúõô
ľȻЦˡ
أ
ǵĻһҪȥúýѵѵԼֲҪ飬ҽѵһô
ллˣġ˱ͲʡԣΪףҵһԷɣҪһԷĴһһˣ
ĺƵͷֻǿľЩֹ
ľ͵ûһø͸֮ǰһ̸˵أԴĽ̸һЩʱϢ
Ȼ뵽Լ֮ǰĶһԷʱƺģҳң˶ѡ
ǣȵ˷ĺưľ͵¥ǰʱľȻסĺơ
ʦ֣
ôˣ
ڵˣҪҪѣ
ĺû뵽ľȻ˵ⷬʱԭأ޷
ѾǧٴԼҪôľ˵Լ˼뵽˵ļֲ֪ͥ࣬ľô룬Լĸһơ
ľĺƲ˵ΪĺƱԼŵˣЦЦ
ʦԸҲûʲôҡ
δ䣬ľͱĺƽı˻
Ը⣡
Ůſڣ֮ͥµӵʱ˵Χۡ
ľϴЦ˿һĺƵָ߸ߵľ
ǣˣҽѧԺģΪһɣ
ʱк
ľżսĺƵϣصһڣ˵ļС
ʱ򶼻͵͵ģô
ĺҲ͵Ϯˣ֮ЦͷȦ˻棬ȥ
ҵĹ飬Ӧʿġ
ľ۾ǡ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰĽMʱڴ֮ͥǹ͵ӣԭĸо
΢ĸмûά̫ãѧУıѾ˹
ŵְֱȾܡ
ϲ㣬ҽСղأ(.bxwxorg.)㣬ҽС޸ٶ졣

610

Զ֮󣬶һۣ̲סʼЦ
Ц֮ģɬĸоӿͷ
ԣʦãǲѾŮˣ
ľɿһʾǾŮѾҪһ
졣
ľ׻ĺƴ󷽷ȥռңĽġġ
ΪĽһģû뵽Ľıƽ
Ŷ
ŶȻֻһŶѵӦþһôһôһô
ľĽķӦʾ
Ľûķ˸ۡ
ҪôʾȺ͸ˣԼҲģҶѾòٱˣͲֱӰʦ㴲ˡȫµ˶֪ʦϲ㣬ֻ㲻֪ɣ
ľ㵵תͷԱߵˣһͷˮ
ĺƸɿһЩ΢΢ȡ
ǸСʦã㲻Ҫ˵ľẦߵġ
Ľ͡
ðɣȻʦʦôܲЩɢζ˲ҪﰭۺòãЩأ
Ҫҵˡ
ԭڴűҵͻû뵽ǰ绰˵ԼһҪ̸Żزˣ
⣬ǲҲһеģ¹Ѿڵ绰ǧٴεǸˣ⻹ǲ
ľһЦ
ԱʱΪʲôҪߣ˵ˣĽ࣬ҺʦһˣǲǵýɩӣȽˣˣ
Ľ˶ԷһۣЦ
ľȷҪô㲻ҪˣʦֿҪѧˣ㻹ҪڹһѧȷҪʱң
ľյسĽţԷĺĺ
ѾŬԼˡ
ȻĽѾᵽˣĺҲûʾҪȥռҰݷһµ˼
Ҳվסš
ҪѧûҲҪſһθ飬Ҫ֮ǰǵ裬Ƿġ
ĽԱ̨߲
˵ҪģʵҪԼİɣô㲻ڣľ߳ʹߣðңҰ㰡
ľһקĺƵ֣ߡ
Ҫ˵˵ߣȥҰ衣
ոĸڼ濴һ𣬻ֵĺƺľ֮һ
ǡ
֮ǰûҪˣǼ˶ûǸ˼Ҳû̸
裬Ѿ֮ǰĶ˵ˣڣʦֲҶ󡣡
ĸĺƸ첲ĹŮק˹
㣬ʲôӣ㶼ô
ľҡҡͷ
ʲôģ׷ԼҸô
ĺƸɿһֹסľੲݣϿҵվոĸһ
ĸ֮ǰ棬ҲͲҽˡʵһֱϲľģʱһѧϰϣûҪ˵һֱǸףҲ֪ٲ˵ڿܾˡ
ǣһûľ¸ҡʵ˵ǷӦ˵ġǰǵŮ޸ңһúöġ
Աߵľգգ۾ֻøոյԼˡ
Ǹʦ֮ǰ˵ֻҪĸһкô
ʱռңĽڱͿͿ
㣬㣬ڸﰡ
Ľ౾ż򵥵ԿóһŮ˵һһȹӵŮˡ
ΪǸȹڣ¶ࡣ
ҰսƵĻɴ
ҽȻûдϻɴǵǸŮˣҪɣ
ο֮ǰһȥMʱľ˼ҽýĳ棬ҲĽ
սʲôʱжˣôҪô
ĽЦһء
֮ǰô飬ôܾҪˣ
ϾԼ˵һ֮ܰˣҪɶԷǲϲľ
ʱռҲھһ粨
ոĸǾĺ⺢ӲͥҲͦ򵥵ģĸ˫һ廹Ľʦ֣ǴѧУ
ԼΪҲڿܸɣ̬ǫѷȻľ˼꣬Ҳ˴š
ͱȽϴ˲ŻȽˡ
ɿڽ飬ȫ¶
ոĸԥʱĺóɱﵡ
ĸ֪Ǿúͻأǹ˼ҾҪˣҲҪ֮ʲôʣҲãҲáľһҪҵ˵Ҫ⽻٣Ѿ⽻ʵϰ⽻˵⡣
ľһ±ơ
λҪ˵ʲô
ĺƻûͣϸһľ޸Լ֮ı
һҹԣǰҲһγ֮ƻһҽԺϰ࣬һν̣ڶλ֪ҸĸˣҺľ˻飬ҲʱסλҲһӣ
Ľ֪ĺַƭ֣ƻ߸ߵسĺĴָ
˭˵ʵ˲ˣţ
ܺèèץģǺè
ϲ㣬ҽСղأ(.bxwxorg.)㣬ҽС޸ٶ졣

611²һ

ľΪ鱻ĽݺݵشȤһͱʾĽҲˡ
ϾͶĽ˼˭֪
ֻǣ˵֮ȴĽϵıȻ뵽ĽҪбҵ񣬵ȴͷŸӵ顣
Ҫ˵ʲôԹһ¹̫¶ˣת۾ͱĺƸ˹ȥ
קңѵҪ˵鲻ôξǹĲãȻûа취μӣΪʲô֮ǰҪĽϣأ
ĺ̾Ϣһ
أʲôɼ飬Բμıҵô죿
ľüͷ
Ǻֲһ
ôһˣ
Ϊ
ľ˵ȥˣ
Ϊǲһ
Ϊ֮ǰĹͶĽ̫ˣĽΪģͻȻôһЩû취ܡ
֪Ѷûа취ܣĽôܵˣ
ĺЦЦûסսľĶߣԼµõϢ˵һ顣
ľ̲ס۾ŵĿĺơ
Ȼģ㾿ô֪ģ
в
ʶĹͺòãΪʲôô飬ܸ㣬ȴңǲе̫ˣ
ĺƺľǿľװʲôûзһȥοʧ䵱еĽࡣ
˵˵ǲ̫˵ǰ˵ʲôȹ˾ҪǮҪû㣬ǮҲ֣أƣƣǮ֮͡˵ö಻ҪŮ˾Ҫ޸Ǯˣ˵ǻ᲻⹴.ͣ
ľ֮ǰŶȷΪ˺ѵûڣѾûˣڴڿ֡
ͣԼһֺ˵
ĽԽģԺõĿֲ˫ġ
Ļ̧̌ƤĵĿľ
ǰôŮ˶ϲǮˡľŲ֪ҽڹҲһܻӭҺǮְҵԣףʦܹͷأ
Ķ⣡
Ļػ
ľٿȻһ䡣
ˣ
ô嶯ҪĽЦ
ǺȻҪջѾˣ
ĽƵذԼѾٵ˵ĻɴͼӸľ
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һ۾ϲˣûܹƯģ
Ľ࣬ҴˣҲ㿪ЦҲô˵ġ͵Ҹոʲôû˵òã
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ľүү̣ûĽҪ˵ʱ򣬵׻סˡ
Ľ࣬ģûйͣҲȥһҵòãʱȥ輸ȫλ㣬вУʱ㴩Ư·ȻҶļͷҼ˧Ӱͣ
Ľͷ
鲻׼ˣ

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û£ʲô⣿ʲôϲ
ľҹΣڵĽҵһ졣
ȷȥССǸˣҲˣ
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ذѽһжĳ
Ľ࿪ѧʱûܹѧԣѧҵɵʱѧУȻŹһûᡣ
ĽҵȻ
ûУͿ֯ȫרһУ֮ǽӽѧתУ粨ңѧһͱѧѧУλθ˺ü˵Ź˺öרѧߣ
㹻ĽΪ档
ǴʱĽ˿ûиоԼǴĴڡ
ͬѧѧúʦͬѧǷԼѧԡ
ǵѧϰҵǱйĴʵģȻض˵ǰ˸߹ңȻȻҪһЩ׺͸ı䡣룬˵Ĺ׺͸ıӦþרѧҽŬˡ
ҽȴϵۺǿŬˣǡ
ĽһݽһȺѧĹҼسĽߺŬͣĽ౨΢Ц
ҪŬͼͣҲҪ͡ǻǵǵУ辿ôôһ飿
֪ʲôߵغĵգҲҪ֪̽ʲôǺ¥˺ĸܣҲҪȥޣ֪ʶϸˮǻ˼档Ƕѧûͷ
һϣȫվֱۺᡣ

ĽվǰһϹ
Щ͸ңŬѧʣŬǡϣܹҵⷢǰѧֹлл
꣬Ҽ뿪յʱ򣬰»ںȻ̨
Բ𣬴һ£лҪ˵
˶ס˽ŲרעоѧȴͰ׵ͷ
ϲ㣬ҽСղأ(.bxwxorg.)㣬ҽС޸ٶ졣

612¾ϲ

ĽЩɻؿźȻֵİ»һ±Ƶذ߿Աߵղķ˹
ͷһţ»Ҫʲôղķ˹϶֪
ղķ˹ʱȴֻǸĽһص΢ЦȻʳָĽǰһꡱ
ǵڰ»Ҫƽ̨ôҸһ֤һ飡
ɻʱ򣬾ͼ»ָǵ
˶Щɻ˳Ű»߿˹ȥͼǵ֪ʲôʱ˷һдźԵļ֡
Ľ࣬ףرҵ
֮һһεֱ֮ǰֿҲƯˣ
Ľ࣬޸Һô
Ľ಻ŵؿⶫ
ʵûɹͻ͵͵ػԼ;ϲǵȵͶûгֵļ󣬶ܱߵ̫ˣûп
ٿЩЩӦ
һС˹ȺվĽǰ۾ؿ
֮Ŀ֮µϥء
Ľ࣬޸ң
̨һž֮ǴҺȻ˽
ҵ죬Ůʲôʱжˣҽ컹ҪŮأ
ҸոոĽд飬ûüݸأ
Ҿãʧˣ

ǱһˮİԹͲŮ߿һĻȫȫۡ
ҵ죬ѧĶôú˧ǸҵĶð
и׷ҵĻһͬ⣡
ûз֣ͬѧ˺䰡

ľվԱߣĺƵ֣Ȼ뵽Ľ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰صĺһۡ
Ϊʲô;ͻЩȴûУֻȥҼҸҰ˵һ룬ô붼ҺóԿ
ĺ̲סЦ
ҪȻȻǽˣȥ͵򣬸Ҳһ
ľЦˣصĴĺһ¡
ҲŲҪ˼ùĶôҲŲҪ
ĺסľ֣Լһǡ
Һ˴ʱĿⶼĽûȻĻһȻ
ľռææԼ֣ݺݵصĺһۡ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣô죿
պã鰡
㡭
ĺƳľ۾
飬ǽ飬ôǶһǲǣ
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ĽȷҪͽģҲѾ˱ҵ֮Ҫ͹ͬӵ׼ǽ飬ٵȵȡ
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Ѿ޲ȫµ˶֪ĽŮѣһˡ
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ʲô׵Ļ
ҳԾڹ͵ֱףȴֱһֱ״򶯡
С쿴˳ٳûж̲֮ס˿ڡ
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Ľ࣬Ҫ㲢վһ𣬲ڣԺδ벻
Ľ˱۾һسŹſ˸첲
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ĽƬǽʱ飬ʹ¥Ͻ˻
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Сۡ
ԱߵСȴ˸ۡ
ôôţˣѵվôְ֣ȻСԺҪΰҽġǧҪԼԺŪң
Ц߹ȥһѱסŮȻޱڶӵͷһ£ɵȵתͷֱ֮һĸ׺ɷ򣬾ʲôûзһ
ôôİְأİְǲƭ˵İְ֣
Скٴη˸ۡ
ƭˣ
仰Ѿܼ˺ô
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ĽվԱ߿Цõؿǣ߹ȥǣѧСĵ
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Скܲ˵ش˸˫Լ첲ϴ˴ꡣ
ˣ
ܲˣ
һĸĸףĺΣ
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ҽй˾ǰһůļϡ
ʱ̶ڻɣҵĳǲǸ⣬ȫûдڸУǺ޲ʱʱ̶̿Ҫߵİְƺûӡ
û۰ңҲڰְֲڵʱʱƺʶĶӡ
˼ҵĺӶڰְֵϣĻﳤġ
ңԴмڰְʲôоĻжůҺûһ䡣
ҾǱ˵СһǼ͵ҳԺ뿪ְͿԸɵܶˡ
ҵĶͷиСС˰̣Ҳ֪ô˵ģ⹫˵˰̺һʱµġ
ôģҸĸǶ˵Ҫ˵˵ǲ׵ĸĸ
һµʱ򣬰Ժӵ̴ͤԺ档
һ࣬ʲô֪ʲô棬;ðǰϷŵĺĶܺÿҿְһֱιԣҲһҸģҾҲչȥʲô
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ð̶Һܺãһֱ󱣻ңˤˡ
͵ҾҪʤʱһֻͷؽᣬصԴҪˮˡ
ͻȻһҴӵΪҵĶͷľ뱾ͽ㷴ӦʱҵĶͷǿ̨׵ϣʱƤѪˡ
ͷϵʹҴ̱ڻҪ豧
ǸҪͱְһѰȻһֲˬı鿴ңԸĳ߹Ҷͷϵ˿ں󽻴̴ҵﴦ˿ڣתصߡ
ıȻҲһİο˵û£һСѾȥ˿֮Ļ
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ҪʵԣȻһԼӵڣ˿ҵĸĸɳ£ϾҾ̫ˡ
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龰ƺҼңԣϲ̫ܳ֡
ҵѪʷ㹻˵һʱˣӸտʼڴĸİܣʱʱľٶҲϰΪˡ
ⲻͬڿҵλֻɳĽ䣬ְ׶ľ룬֮˵Цְ־䲻װġЩҪжĴʣǴҵϣͲ˵
ϹҪҪȥóʱһ˶ûгȥ˰պãһȥ죡
ҿڰְֵĻڴ
ðûȥĵط
еһѲҪȥˣ
˻ҡͷ
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˵õĳȥأһô
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ã˰ţǾͳ
ܹݣ
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ǵݵְ־Ǻӣ棬ְܰôQġ
Ϲã
ãǱֿʼÿռĳ棡ѵĲ˼һô
ȻһһӣҲ׻Ȩɣ
ؿڰְֵһǣְּʼǡ
С濴ְദӶ˵ĽһԸĸ
ȴһˡ
ܰһľһ㣬ӦûῪĵİɣ
뵽ְȥӣ־ƺҲ
ҲûϣĸңһԼӦʲôɣ
ϾǵģңĹҪµġ
ҵͷеĻ滭
ոջͦʵĻҲû
Ŷ
ʲôʱܳ
ȵҳ֮ҲһһԼϲģƯŮˣȻ󡭡
Ժֳ˰ְֺ໥ĳ棬ҹϵҡҡͷ
ˣ
ҲҪ
һ˾͹ˣ
Щ棬̫˷ˣ
ʱ䣬Ϊʲô࿴࿴Ƭأ
ȻҲµû
պ󣬰ְִһȥˡ
ңֱӱεİְ͵Ѽҡ

614ױٸ߸

һ㶼⣬ͦõġ
үңҲžԼǸӣҲᵽ꺢ӵҸ
ȻҸҾЩСɣ滹ġ
˾˾ѼҿԺú÷¡˵ɣʲôѸ׼
ǸúܺÿѣһѰұڻҷ.۵С
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ү˵кӲܱŮȥã
ҾүǼңұúÿұϲ
ÿιʱ򣬲չȥףһѡ
Ҿү
ΪүҲôҡ
ҶҰ־Ͳң
費ڼҵʱңҸ״Ļøҡ
ֻҪ˾˾ϲԡ
ұѵĲӣүͶȥһ
֪үһĽʺޡ
Ȼүֱ߹ҴѵĻб˳
ѾˣҲ׼˾˾ԵĲˣҪ˾˾öˡ
ߣ
ڸС
԰㿴һ˸ˣȥ׼
Ѹûʲô˵ָ֮ҵԴϽȥ׼ϲԵĶ
ʧڿүҵһࡣ
Ҹ˵˶ٴˣΪһкӣôܱŮ˵ͱ˵׾أһʲô
֣
ʲôҵȷ֪
Ҳ֪ʲô˼Ҳ֪һʲôû
үɶܳôүҪԵĲˣ
үԱҵĻµˣû취˵ˡ
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ķΧУĽڶȹڣҲ˫ҲΪбӷˣЬӶе㴩ˡ
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