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Ʒӽǣ
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ԤաүҺүһˡİɼ
1.
ƽһ׵ڻ㿷ޡ
ܽɣһڹƱѡ֣˵һУûȵܻͱһƱˡ
ƽΪ˱ܿԭ֣ԭǣѡֱԶ룬Եʻᱻ·Ϊͽܡ
2.
ţԭúܹƱǣ
ϽţϤò޾ܿһۣضԱߵ˺һʦ𡣡
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ʦ뿪ֵܰǽǣ棬Ҫñ֪ǵĹϵֻϵķ򣬵Ϊĸ롣
ƽúúá
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Լܿܣȴݡ
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Ůܲף˭׼Ů޵Ķģ
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үҺүһˡרɼ
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΢ʮһ󲡣֪࣬ԼּҵүǼðƷүǸԡ֮ǵ·³
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Ԥ2İ¹⡷רɼ
1.
½ѩһμĽᣬһѩ졣
ѩʢǣΪ˴ѩ̳
Ϊǰ̫ӣʴʩл˱Ϣз棬ĽڹеӼޱȡ
Ѫ͸ѪѩһƬɡΪ굲һѩһꡣ
Ժ㾭Ľᡣ
ԳΪժ÷첻Ϊȥȡ¶裬ǧټƵؿ㹬ֻΪһֽš
ֱ˻󡱣к÷أһվã֮Ҳû
2.
Ľϲһˡ
ĶˡҲǵʥϲ˳Էľ£ҪѪʥΪ常ҲҪһ
ڵ˵ĴϢ常ѹֻܵʣҰڷѰʬΡ
ҹҹڻʹ裬ڵϥ踺ء
ٵ£ȫΪʹжȹֻ˵Ц֧ȥ
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ɽٴδƽĳһ㺹˱ֱͦԼһ졣
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沢ҪԭЩ棬ֹòϵСλöһģһԸһòֱˡ
Բۣ𽥱ġ
Ůͬѧ֮ǰǸͬȻ֪ƽĶʲôС˵Ůͬѧ˵ܣһġ
ܽʢ⣬䣬ǽţСޣΪǺñţ֮һǹµĿͷ
ͨƪдܵòһĿʮУŮͬѧòȻôء
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ʢòľžޡʼߣ֮ͱŽΪͽܣΪϵߣҲ֮
׷ˣڹǳһնаСǧ֮ơ
ü۱۽ѩ촽Цʱް񾩡
ָ޳սʮնаѪδմѩ

Ϊʢòдʮҳ
Щص㣬صһģ๥дôʢòʵΪ˼ƱΪʢǿȡ̵档
ʢһǧʱǺм֮ڼƱ֮շת࣬뼸Ʊ塣
ɵǡ䡷һڻҽɫʢС׵ޡ
鲻֣ΪƱ֮ԴףҳͱһƱƫɱˡ
֪ڻüһ¡
ʱһжûзΪ˱ܿԭ飬ϵѡ··;ԵʻˣΪͽܡ
ؿԶʢ޳ģһȸˣһ·ȴĸɣû뵽ڵµһķ⡣
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ڷգֱɽΪܿаɽײ˾㡣

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ԶһƺߣʢƺѾòˣг˵ϡ
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ƻѵԤաŮװħͷ֮[]by˼
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ˣһڻС˵ΪҪȢϼҴС㡣ϼҴС֦ԸƧ⣬մȾѪ˺Ĵħͷ
ȻԸȢôһŮħͷһڻõ顣
Ǹùڻõܡ
2.
ô˴һҹʷǡζǴеŮħͷֹŮħͷ֮δȵŵµɡ
վ飬ΪŮħͷĶе֮󣬽ŮħͷԣøɹǾ顢ǳ³
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2.һ鳹׷ŷɵķx־ȴƺڻǿ


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ƽᡣ
˵ģ
ʱ֪˵ѦƤƤǲҪȻ˵ĳֻ
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ڶѦҲûʤ㡣
ŶѦζһ˵ģ
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Ȼ֪еʢ䡪䡢ɼ侲һڵǿģǸ֮һĴڡ
ڸ֮ĿǽߣģƽˣҲµ˷ԼѦ裬ˡ
Щûʲôʢ϶ô롣
ƽҡҡͷڲʢ뷨ʱҪ취˵
Ϊ˶޹ģżǶˣ͡ʮʦ֮ǲ᣿
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ƽһ룬˲ˣѦˣ˵Ǻ¡ЩΣҲ˲ˣܱȽҪ
ʮʦ֣̽غһʢ󣬽Ҫʢʦ֡ʵе߳ܣ˭˼ұŵҪһЩء
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ԷϢЩأɫҲܲҰף׷ɢ࣬˿ڣ뿪
ƽЩۣӵԼһ߱ڵϵĽԱߵʢѾЩ֧Ųס϶ȾѪ
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һֱƽе㲻˼ʵʵ˵֮ǰҾˣʦɽҴ򲻹ޣ
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ᣬǡƽʣµĻû䣬һأǰιȥˡ


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ƽԷôһΣǿˣŷʢɫܺ죬ָһʢĶͷ̵ֱˡ
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ֻϣʦֵһЩ
ƽʢʢ俿ǽֻһС·Ѿͷ󺹣һЩһ
һߴһᣬڿǽϡʢ˫ۣɫ糺죬ü΢΢ŵġ
ûۣǰۣ˫䵭ü۱˼֣Եø
ʢ䣿ƽѹ˿Ѿ֪ͨʦǣӦڸϹ
ʢ䲢û˵ֱֻĶûһֱۣ׵ָ΢Ϣ䲻ɽӽ
˶û˵ɽǳʢ⸱ģƽֻһա
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ʱҿʱʢ˵ݰݣֻǶףҲû֪˵Ĺϵ
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Ҫñ֪ǵĹϵֻϵķ򣬵Ϊĸ֮롣
ĻشǳܣϾ֮ˣúúá
ڻţߴһ΢ɳƵ˼ع
Զ㡣ʢϢأϢ˳ߣƤϷ·Ҳȶȡ
˫ƽһ˲ңֱܿǿƵѹȥƽյĳš
ˡƽֹʢļǴӳ˺ѾʼڣȥֱĿġ
㱻Ѧҩϻӳ˺üˣ֪ܳŶá
Է˵ҪԶ㣬ѡʢ䡣
㱻סˣѦʱǳ³ӺܽճĺۣʢסʹС
ƽСһŤͷȥʢ䶢˵Ҫߣȴ󲻿ɿ
ʢ䣿
ûбڣŹѵԲúʢʦ֡
㲻ôߣƽ޵ĸоڵʢһЩΣգԷָΪбļӣ̵ȶȡ
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ƽͻȻһֱʲôජϵĸоЩëȻֱϼƤˡ
ĵһ룬ʢ΢΢ʹĲ˼飬ֱӱק˻ȥ

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ƽһ߾Ⱦò˼飬һ߲ͣԲۣܵĸоǿңиͷڴ
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ȻѾֱӱק˹ȥʢʱ֪˳˹
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ƽСȶӶڴиС˶Ѫ⵹һҵޱȻôԼġ
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ʢ䣬оʢƺɿһһѦӣٴγϡ
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ʻġ̵ģȵ
һһڵҩЧ޵ĶһʢµѪҺڷҩȾһģ͸һ˿ڰ
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ϵƽΪԼҪˣʢֱ˫ۣͣĬĬһûȫ
ʵЩŹ֣ȫǱʢƿأԷֳռǿȻûжһʢ˫ۣؿ
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ƽֺĻţ˵˶ԷҲûӦָڵϿ˿ۣԼֲֻһȥӡ
һֻմѪ޳ϣʢ䶯ڰӡﻹǳĽţϸسʢ䣬ƺܷʢԶһ㡣
ʢָ󴦵ƤʶرŲԶһЩԷ˶٣Ϊ⿪
ɣƽ洫ĽŲе溰ǵ֡
ʢʦ֣ʦܡ
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ƽ۾鼤һڡֻû˵ڣоһɱдϢΪ⿪ֶֻסĴ
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ǲǹģ
ʢһ˫۱ɰĺɫָĴ滺Ħ£ָ˼֡
ʦʦң
ƽֻҪƿʢ䣬ʢһ̣·ܹоһƺһ̶Ͽ
÷ѩȫǰЩɫķ˿ɢ࣬üӰϢٴγ˹
ͱʢסãڶԷϢʱʶرŤͷܿôһܣ˵ûܿ
ǴһƬʢס˵촽
ƽԺˡһ˴һƬհסûüӦ˴ϵһ̣·ʢĿڿһ޵ĺߡ
ʢʦ֣ʦܣ
ɽĵһҵˣһȻɽˣӶɳˡ
ʢʦڰӲĿסˡ
ʱ˿̣Զϵˡ
һüĿɱ
һ޿



 4  
ƽӳһ㱡죬ʢ䲻֪ô£Ը֣оѾûˡ
"ʢʦܣ˵ĺأɿʦܣǴȥˡ"
"ʢʦϱȾٵȥܻ߻ħ"
"ʦܣ㵹ȰȰ"
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һʦֿȥˣֱʢĺ󾱣ʢֱˡ
ʢ䵹µʱľˣ˰
һȺܻңΪʢ˵أǾȴʢȥеһߵɽҵ˵Ѧ
һ𱻴ȥ
Ѧѵģɫ԰ףȾѪȥͦģϴһĿⲻƣ뽫ʢʬΡ
ʢιȥˣֻһ˳ѦĿ⡣о쬵ģʶʢ߶˶㡣
ֽȥģֽããƽԼ󿴣ʢ䴽ǵһ̣ϱһȦ߲档
߿ȥεģŶ˶ϸĺߴһߵĵӣȥߣָ
ϵźߣߵһ࣬ʢ
ԭʢĿڣֱ˵ƽ򶨣Ƿǳţ֪Ǹʲôġ
ԭûдʢ˭źߣھѾˡ
ȥߣָ߻֮Զ䳤̡
ֽܿ˷⣬ƮΧɽ壬ʢ䱻ȥҩʦ壬ֱӻ˳޷塣
ʢǺܿûӰƽĿ󴦵ĺԽԽʧʾͷ
ȥһ˳ǳ޷ˡҲʦסĵط
ȴ겻ƣڵĵ⣬кܵ㣬мһ
"Ӱݼʦ"
ڵϣԼܹӰĻ£Ŵ򿪣¶Ӱ
ԭжڷ޵д࣬Ϊʢʦ𣬷ȴһйƱ֮䡣ǵĽɳĪ⣬ʢʦ˼ھ֮⡣
򿪣ҲûеƣĿʣƫĳ࣬˫۹ƽûʲôۣ޶㡣
ˣ޷ᣬϣ΢ͣһᡣ
ƽ˵ͷΪ˸ʰ֪һԷˣǷ޵Ĺأÿɽ»Ҫһˡ
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ƽ΢΢ͷܸо޵ϣܹţѹԼЩ˵
пɡΪǳδɱޡ
ʢѦ£ԼϲƵĺߣԥһ߷ޡʢҪʢô˵Ƕŵĺߣʢȥʢ䡣
зǳĻˣԸӳĬͷܹϵľƣܿһ԰ڷŵİ˽¯
Ž˵һڽٵˣµģʮΣԿʵ
ʮΣܹĴΡŲӦżһڷߵˣγٵײˡ
ƽȻ˵ûʮΣĵӣǷ޵ĵӣһɣǱǲΥ泤
Ȼ³Լǡ
֪ƽ΢΢򴽵˵µģǷˡ
֪Ϊʲô޿ʢô䲻ɽӽΪԷ˾ɲ⣬ƺΣա
֪պ赭дһǧŹ棬͹֮ʮʦһȥÿΡ
ƽһǧŹ棬ͷˡȻҪʢÿΣʢĿɱȽϿεʱ磬Ҫ˳㷣
οںʢҲеΣЩƣȻǻˣӦһ֮ģһ֮Ҫˡ
ҩƿǷ޸ģǿ󴦵ٺۡ
ƽҩƿȥԼԺӡʢԺǰŵģĲԶʢҲ
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ʱת˲ţƽͿ˷޸ҩȻǳãܿٺ۱ˡ󴦵ĺһֱڣûʧҲ
ʢ˳޷壬ȥʢĲ٣Ժˡ
Դʢ֮󣬱ʦֵܹ
Ѧʢµҩ޵ĶܹںϣΪû֤ݣûб̡Ѧʢڵӽֵ֪һЩѦѺȥ˽ɽûиһس
˸û˵ʱȥģԺڿţʢ俿ڴ齱ߣʱȥѾָ˾
ʢһ˿ãȻͷԼ󴦵ĺߣתͷĿԡ
Ȼʢߣ󴦵ĺϡ
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֪ΪʲôʢߣĪЩ飬ܿҡҡͷֱ׳ĿӦʢ⵽ô¡
ʮʦ֣ɻָˣƽɤʢ䴲齱ߣװ¡
ʢ仹ڿ󴦵ĺߣջߣǳ䵭ءšһ
ǰ췢£㻹ǵ𣿡ƽˣʢһȻʢ䶼ò˼ΪʲôҪò˼
ʢ΢ĵͷָ⶯˶ʱұ޹ƻǡвǱ⣬òףպ㸺𡣡
ŲҪ
ˣƽɿЩ˼ǰ˵ˣҲҪҸ𣬴ûб֪ǵûзǡ
ʢɫ䵭šһ
ƽ˿һ¡
ǰȥʦʲôûͬ˵ԺһͬȥÿΡ
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ƽŶһ˵ʢҲ˵ָܰĦŵ۱ԵֿԼ󴦵ĺߡ
ǲҲܿϵĺߡ
ʢ΢źߣһ֮ˡ
еģʱˣȻֻ촽һ¡
ƽʢı飬ί񣬡ʱιȥˣ֪ߡʱеġ
Ҳδʹʦ𣬱Ϊ֪
ȻֻüţһֱˣֻܿôúܹŹ֡
ʢٴδ󴦵ĺߣȻһ껰˼˼ȵʱ߱ˡ
ʱǲ壬ûע⵽
ԭĿڣ˵ֻüš
ƽ˵ţŴϵ˼һֻȥ󴦵ĺߡ
ȻȵһĻˡ
ʢָⴥ˺ߣ׵ָߣ߱״ڿ΢΢仯
Ȼһ룬ƽо·һɾ޴˱εţθŻһ˲Щʢ˹ȥ
ʢźߵָ΢΢һ١
ָⷢ仯仯ƽϣߴƽһĽ⿪Ȼӡ
ƽĲϣ˸ᡣ

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 5  ϵ
һ˲̣˶ߣֻһߣȫһ
ʢָ⻹źߣԣŵĶʢġ
ƽ˶еըëҪȥϵĺߣϣûյһ㣬ǴС˲䡣
⿪ƽеô£ֻߣ
ʢָ΢мֺ棬ִƽ˻ϲš
ʢԼ½óŷƵֽĿڵλãʱðߣǴġ
˵ĻҪȽҲ֪֮
ƽʢ˼ʣһǰ˵֮ܺ룬Ϊл
ʢ䡰šһŷƵĻָָ̯ķ䣬ǻԭǷֿġ
˳ſȥҲܿŻزһ𣬿ȥѷ֡
ʱΪβ˵ƽ˵ıԹһ䡣
Ҫ֪л϶Ȱѻ⿪֪һ¾ʹ˻Ȼ֪ʲôǿԶǲġ
ϾȨʢ
ʢĬûлش⡣
ҲԼ֪𰸣ϾǻڷûнԭĸģʢǸĸ֮ԣʱûн⡣οʢӣҲϲ͡
ʦа취
Щʹʢ䣬˵ϵĻ޷Ԥֻ֮ܽ⡣
ǲҪԼ취
ƽԼеͷˣһᣬԷߣֻߡ
Ժ⣬ʦֵܣҵ⿪֮ҶԷ㲻׼ߡ
δ䣬ʢδ䣬ָߣس˳
ƽҲ߳˻˻Ρ
ʢ䡣ƽεе£Ϸ죬˵𣿡
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ڶȨ㲻Ҷߡ
ȻԿ
ûã˵Σ뵽ٸ㡣
ʢûзԣһֽԼ¶дˣ˸һݣŤŤǹ
ԭʢֻһЩ䵭ѺԼ֮ʢָƽı䣬̬Į
ƽŸոǸɫˡ
ֺֺЦҺģʢԺûдãصԼԺ
һ·صԼԺӣϵĺûٶʢ˵
ԼǰֿԼ󴦵ĺߣԭЩƣȻܿ쿪ԼҲ⣬ϾʢƷǷǳŵġ
ʢ塢ɼ˵㻰׳֮ˣΪл֮Σ
һͷһ۾Լ⸱ӵһģһԭԭʢĻ飬Ϊλá
ԭϾʵ
ӳ⸱ӵǺͶҲһС룬λһģһӳţһĨɫ
ֿ˿ǰϵĲˣСϵƤ׾˺ѾʧˡҲˣԭֻҪǼѪ˿ڣ˿ڶĪʧ
ַƽԭΪķܿʶҪȥ󣬲ˣҪʢһʢÿ벻ˣߵϿΡ
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ƽſ̾˿𣬵Ƿ޺ÿ£ҪһǧŹ棬Ѿˡ
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ʱ˼䵭üע󴦵ĺߣ΢
ָҪȥ󴦵ĺߣûָͣڰУջˡ
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ʢ䶢С˶һ˿⡣ܿ쿴С˶˭Ϊ߻ΪС˶ûͷ
С˶һ᾵֮˿ȣ˿ԼСȣȻſϣ֪뵽ʲô̾һ
ΩΩФѧķǳ
ʢ۾һ˲գؿС˶С˶ſϺһûƺ˯ˡ
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شһ£С˶ûзӦֻӶ˶ſ˯˯ĺ㡣
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С˶ĶûһûɵģС˶ڱŵĿеģûһû齣С˶ϣŽſ顣
㿴һʱʢµô¡󴦵ĺţϵĻɽĲһ
ԣ߻ûվûվࡢ˯û˯С˶Ƿ·ûͷʦܡ
ҪȥС˶˯ˣ쵽·ԼӦĻջ֡
ʢվС˶ĶҲԼ飬ΪźߣС˶һֱΧ
һǳˣƽвС˶֪ǻӰ졣ü볢ȥС˶˵ĻԼҪ
ûж
С˶һֱߣȪʱҲǰ˫ۣһ۱ܿС˶Ķ
С˶Ͽ飬֪ʲôЦȻûע⣬ֱӴϵˡ
ô
ʢ΢΢šüʶرҪȥӣָС˶ȥһ̣ǰӳһ׹⡣
ȪĳˮŻεһ˲
ƽſû˯һˣ첲ˣģϿС˶顣
С˶ʱ˳ģƽڷҲ죬û˸һ档
涼ǻȻҪ˼Ķ࣬ʯˣϿķǳԡ
ûбˣ˵ϺãһſһţʵĵطЦͺߵķȫȥ˾⡣
㿴˺һᣬ齵ʱûзӦ
һ룬תоԼС˶ûˣǰһ
һˮȫˮһȫһã֪Լô£Ϊˮ屾ܵץסȪΨһԴ
ءһƽȫʪȪǺĿֻƺȵ塣
۽϶ˮ飬˶ûзӦ̧ʢ



 6  ôδ
ƽ˵ȪʢԼµô£ǻá
ʢ䲻ǴӦ˲
ȫȪʪȪԲõĻᱻͣǺ䣬ˮǳǶﻯѩһ㣬С
߲˵֮䣬ƽŻ֮ΨһԴʢ÷ǳֻ첲ʢ䡣
Ϊֱӳ֣ԼǴϵģʢʶؽһ¡
䡣
ʢǲе̬ڻȪӹݣ೤˵ȪΪ档
ʮʦ֣㡭ô¡
ƽһʣһҪɿʢ䣬ĺʢӴû뵽ʢ俴ô䣬ϵǺů͡
ԼӦɿЩ᲻ãǳɿ˿Ȫߵ꣬ĨһԼϵˮ顣
ʱǰ˵ģŲһ졣ƽʼһ顣
һ߾䣬һߺ֪Ŀʼ
ʢڵͷԼָ⣬ָ΢Ħһ£ЩӲ
ǹġ
ֻôһͣƽӦóû׶Է䣬֪ʲôãԭֻܿڻ浽ֱ˲á
֯ԣһҪʢ䲻ܵôߣʢʢƽģǰɽɽǹ׺ݾӡ̡
΢΢ۣԼֲ֪ʲôĻסˣܲܣȷʵòʱ˿ۡ
߱ȥʢָ⣬ոʢ䵹Ƿһָ
ҲУ˵֮ҲΪ
ƽȥʢûѹˣ˵ջȥʦܰѻ⿪
ʦҲȥʾͲ󡣡
´ˡʢ䵭˵
ƽʶػ죬ǡ
ʢޱĿֱͣòԾô˷˴һֱ׳ģͱˡ
еҵ֮Ǳ롣
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ƽһ︹̣֪ʶԼȪĴ˸磬תתһҪ취ѻ⿪
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ʢ䣺
𰸵ȻǲˣƽȪʢһϱ㶼ˣȻҲ֮ȪҪȥ
ʢˮʱһۣڳûп壬ʢڵʵʵȪϱû½棬ʲô
˵ԺĲԶһڣȥʱ䲻ˣƽԼϴ˸裬˯˹ȥ
ڶîʱˣΪҪʢһȥÿΡ
ʱ˶Щǲ壬ĲУ컹ûûеʱ
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һὣѽˣԴһһģһ߿ʢûһ˯ˡ
ô˯ߴϤƽۣոǰĵµĵӾ衣
ǽΨһһϵԵĵӣĵӼûô˵ҲϲС˶飬΢һЩ⡣
ƽѹʶسʢķȥʢѾ꽣ˣ˽Ŀбӵشǰ·䵭
ϸʦ״ԺҪʦһÿΡ
붮һҮҲ̫ˡ񣬿ʢ뿪ķ򣬼ԶˣŸСֹ
Ҳ࣬Ѧʦֱȥ˽ɽʦֹ£ǹܵĺϸ񡣡
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Ҫ治㻹ãҧ䣬Ҫʦ㣬군ˡ
֮ǰе˵ʢŹ棬òصˣ㲻أ˵վ˶˳ۡ
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ƽ־費ˣִĸ첲ƽÿζֽƻ߲·䣬㲻̫ġ
裬迴һۣ˸ƣ˼úϽΡ
ƽ
潲ſΣʢǰٴγһС˶֯ɵСʦָ˴ԼԱߵˣ˼Ҳһֽơ
С˶˻ֽƣſϻ˳Ȼſ˯ˡ
˯ĺѹ泤ϻҵС˶˯ɢԴŸ첲˯һһġ
ʢ䴹ŵ伮ЩΪڿεĵ伮ģʶġ
ڿβףο伮ģӦڿﵽ˯ŵĵز
ʢ۽ƳɫӳϺ˯С˶ָⲻ᲻شһС˶Դ
һ£С˶Դµһ£ûзӦ
ƨɶ˶˸ơ
ƽſ˯Ͻμֱûвǵ伮֪˭дģֿֶ˯
߶ǳ伮ζε伮伮˻ʢ䣬ʢؿ
ͬʱоԼԴƺ£˲ѹԵɵɵ̧ͷԼԴ
ʶʢķ򿴣ʢ䲻֪ʲôʱҵ̨ϣѾˣʢɫĮؿ
СˣոնСʱͨÿϲعصģʢ䶼ᷣŹ档
㣬Ȼôã˯ô㡣
ƽ϶˯˺ӡӣԼԴѵǾѵ
ûʣĻעʶӦòڷңҲ˯һᡣ
Ҳ˵δ򣬻ʦֵء
㶼һˣʢ˽
һ룬ƽԼ̨֣ϵʢ䵭Ȼ٣ȴֲɽӽ
ɤƽ
ƽٱŹ棬͹



 7  ֪߳
ƽٴٱŹ棬ЩȷԼˡ
ƫƫʱͱӣٱѾһˣƽ﷣һǧ𲽡
Գϲڵʱ򣬶ʢؿΣʢؿΣû˸Сǵһʿ
ƽ뵱һʿĲˣɻǷʦһǧŹûгء
ǴֻԼһƲ֣ʢһᣬÿνһ˻ȥˡ
ֻ˵ʢһÿΣÿνȻҲøʢһ˸߸ġ
οʢոշҲ뿴ʢ䣬˵Ļȥһ˲
ȥҪӵƣýղƺĶ࣬ȵݽƣŷ˲ԶһϤӰ
ϻźߣȻϳȺ֮еʢ䣬ΧʢΧĵӺܶࡣ
ʢʦ֣Ҳǹģ
ʢʦܣҪҪҰ飿
ʢʦܣпԸ̽һ³ڵĹ
ƽ˲ǩӡܿȺһ䣬ֺʢģŮӣеӿƺࡣ
Ͼʢԭܣзǳ˵ʣһΪòڶΪǣΪǧ֮Ը
֪ǲǴʢһ̣ʢƺһۡ
װ֪Էǰװ죬ΪʲôҪȥƨɣοҲͲô졣
ҹڻ鼮֮ףڲǧĹż֮һḻļأǧȻʷ顣
ǳ࣬ƽƽϲֵĵطǲϲԼע⵽֮ʶرȥٵĵط
صһһ㣬÷ѳɵģֻǩӡһԣͻӦĵ伮
ۻңһһңһҵ˹ڻĵ伮߱Ƚ壬ֻһ˶ǩӡĶ
ƽܹԵĿߵҪһЩĿȥЩɫڻ鼮ֻܶ࣬ҵһִԼйصġ
ǩӡȥһĹ鸡ֳ鼮ȥǳˣҳƣּЩģ塣
طһҳƽϲȫֵ飬ϲС˶飬ͼƬע͸ˡ
֮ȷʵͼЩ⣬һЩģˡ
ıīѾһЩɫˣǻܿһҳһˣұһԺ
֮£ƺǶβͣȥһϢ
棬һУıǸұĺ꾫Ҫߴ䣬ƺк꾫һ顣
ƽſŷ˲̫Ծ
ָⷭҳһк꾫Ѿбһ𣬺ԭĹĸɮ԰εİк꾫˺쳾к꾫һ
ʲôѪ仭᣿
ƽƤĪһҳ⧲һŷǳ߶ȵͼѵõͼȻǳīˮһûϣܿʦͼ֮
к꾫˱ڻһɫ۽ǺᣬĴţָڼܲסҪ۶ϡ
ƽ
һԲ۾ò˼Ȼһ߾ƿ죬Ļᡰءһ˵ϡ
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һ߾ò˼һַǳ棬͵͵һ۵ϵᣬ׾Ķͨ졣
鶼ˣҪЩΪʲôо쬵ģ۽һӰĵãһȥϵĻ̺һŤͷ
ֻҪʶˣҲͲΡ
ȻŤͷʢߡ
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·һ˲İƽ·ڷ̣ʶرҪ
ʢ΢΢šüԿ˷ŵǷдĸ֡
֪߳ܡ
ַܿӦԣС.Σʢÿεʱֹܹܲ
ŤͷԼģָͣڷһҳٵطȥˣȥʣµݡ
ʢĿ׾͸ĶͣһᣬԷһ۱ŤͷԼᣬ⸱Ȼƽ̫һ
ƺ
Լ˴Ӧĳͷ˴˼Ȳ֪
ƽûпҳԶˣߴʢɤ
ڣ.
ؿԼɵʢԭЩʱһʵǲģֻǷѵ᲻ܽ
ԭǶܽģܽĶĲţȻó϶ǿԽĵ伮
ʢõᣬδһֱۣӷŻԭĵط˳żһӡ
һͬ˵𣬱ǽ顣
ʢ˵ſһۣ䵭Ƿ飬ᷣա
ƽ޻˵ʢЩֱỹһûأ濴žǺˣǹҹڻĵ伮
㱻ʢһҲûڲȥˣҲûʢ˵Լǩӡȥ
һҪ⿪Ըʢֱ̬һ
ʢĮģٺÿΣһӶϲϡ
ſ伮ĵӣ˸ƽƣȵԺһӿһ¥ķЩԻ
ʢʦܵĵ伮Ѿҵˣȥˣ
ҿȥ˶¥䣬Ǳûʲôˡ
ӾЩ֣伮һ¥Ӧùʵģʢ֮ǰѵ伮͸˶Է
ʢ仹ԭվţ󴦵ĺٴγһС˶С˶ǳĲˣ˶Щըë
С˶߱·ߵʯӣƺЩίԼȥ˵ģԼĵĻȥˡ
ȥ˱һСţһ߿еģһߴһвס˸ֽ˴һ濴˼ŤŤС֡
ʢ˵
ʢ䴹۽޿С˶Ķ
ٱ黹Ƿˡ
ƽдëдŤŤдĳٶȻǳһŹٶ֣һʱдš
ŬһϣҲ˲ʮ飬ڶîʱҲǲҪ𴲣㵼˯ãʱҲֱʢ䷣Ź档
ԭȵĶûгּ꣬ٱ飬ǧŹ棬ͷƤ飬Ҫ˵дˡ
ʮչȥĥҲûгꡣ˷޴ʱ˰죬ٱŹȥˡ
ŹǺһּܳһЩīˮȾˣΪųű˯ˡ
ƽڵϣһƬڰָΪÿʣָǳǳĺۡ
зǳİֻз޷ֽҳĶ
ҲʱƣһػȵףԷһֱûгһѵĲϣڵȴС
Ź涼ڷ޵ϣǳԭǵͷ̲ס͵͵һλϵˡ
һɫۣڽҡҷˣĮ޳һ˪ʣ˵ĸоֳ
һ㺮˪÷㣬˺һᣬްŹɤʲô
ʱ㳭ٱ飿
ƽָŵذ壬ĵذҲǰɫģҲشָ΢һǧ顣
а˺һƽ󱳶һ㺹Į
ý

*
лҪ˵
ʢ䣨۲С˶УźҪˣڵ


 8  ʦҲϲ
ƽһ˫ۣӦһǡѥǰһζߴ޵ĵ
̧ͷ¡
ԭǹŵģλߣƽڵĵӼҪеǳ޷ĵӣҪй
һʮ߸ͽܣмамȥмڱչĿǰڳ޷ģֻʢ䡣
ټʮ壬˳ŴشҲ쬵ġ
ƽָ΢ףͣиСڵڲϵӡ
˶ЩβȣӶԼ군ˣŵɫ˼̧֣ͷλϵˡ
Ŀϣϧ֮⡣
ƽоķ·ֹͣˣվһ̤˷ǰ
ʱϥһԷޣԷϵѹϮȫо䣬˹ѩϢ
޴׵ָһѺضĽߣ֡
΢һ۷ŵĽߣûдѾоˡ
СۣһҪлüСʱ򰤴޺üգ˲ᰤˣΪˣû뵽飬ŹȻҪ
һߴùģ͵͵سޣ΢ϣԷܹŹ
ʦ֪ˡƵ˵Ͳš
ǳȻܹ
ָڰУ޴֪Ϊβģ
žһ£ڿг죬ƽиС۴вҪĿͣ붼û룬ǿűúۡ
ָʶرջȥˣɿ죬޵һ˿ա
ţշ·ƽ޵ϣͷԼָ΢˶ֿʼϴ
ʦ𣬵֪
ϴ˳Ĭڵƽ߷·ܹԼֲɵȻ֪Էʲô˼
Сְ
žһνֱģ˲䴫ʹƽҧԼ´ûԼ˵Ľг
ۡ
֮һƬ֪ƽͽǺģֻΪԷ˿û֣ĺʹ
Ǵһ£ָȥˣߣظһ顣
֡
ٴƽ֣ðһ㺹ɫҰסصĽģ߱Ե鵽ָ⣬ʮָģָ̱һۡ
ƽ۵뺰ϥҲʼٱ߳һ飬ԭĺۼӡûһͷ෢ϡ
һý߳ģԭ۵ȥһ֪Ϊβġ
֪Ϊβġ
ƽֻʣ·ôһ仰лϵߣʪʪ͸һֽ
ʦ𣬵֪ˡġ
ʦ𣬵Ӵˡ
ֻʣϴҪͣȻı֤Ҳδ飬ʮӡ
;һֻ֣Ѿ۵ÿû֪ˣ԰ֻùֵۣûͬһط顣
㵼²ֹģָ棬лڸһƬȵʮӳ꣬۵ָⶼڷ
ɰƽȫעԼϣСĴ˵棬۵ʱһоԼһЩģ
ģͷȥޣԼԼģһƬҪγʣµŹ档
Ҳûãô飬ͳ꣬οֳӡ
˽ߣڵϣСҰף˵䣬ȥ
պʮලʣŹڰڳ͹
Ƿ޵Ľ飬ԵǰԼվһҲڳΪԹޣһ䡰Ӹˡ˳
ۣһ¶һһ飬˵÷Ҫ͵ʢʢලŹ档
Сӿǽ飬ԴһֱƣԱʡ
û˵Ƿ俪˿ڣͷӡɲֻǴô򵥣ԴСѾˡ
һԿķԭİӱ㲻أ۵øһҪιȥһ漸ӽ
ƽһоҲ쬵ģ亹ЩίʦΪʲôΪʲôûгѽ
գգۣԼƻȥԼģŶһ
СӲҪԹиΪܹڽ°Ȼպţﻹܻ㣿
⻰ڹȰƽͷĬûлظ
յĵʶСӲǽΨһĵӣĪýʧǡ
УһƬڣ˷·ҲڽӰ
޴ۣܹĶԻһ䣬Щ
ȻģҲȷʵĻظ
պ˸Ȼٺò˵Ҳȫдǡ
һûĻظΪǲдˣû뵽ߴŴ
żίͲˡ
ȻʦҲϲҡܻܲʦ𣿡
ޣ
סˣȷʵΪ˷ôǰ꣬Ȼƺûãƺ֪ж಻ףǧ֮õԵ֡
ҲģȻƮƮ˵Ҳϲңˡֻ
Сӡ㡭е㿨ǣǵһѵЩȣ˵ķޣǺ顣
ƽ֮һ·ϾͲˣ֪Լ˵˻Ƿ״ܻҪ
ԼԺӣͶԷ͵Ϳˣȥɡ
ЩΣίСӣɫ磬˼ȥʮﳭ顣
ʵѾ̫ˣƽҲû˵ʲôԼۣзã鷳һ·ϰѶùȥˡ
һ·ŵķ䣺
ʢԺĲԶƽʢҲûʲôӡ󣬲ȷ΢ôһϾʢûýߴ
ţԺŴ򿪣¶ʢ䵭ʢԷʦͬҴ
Ǳͷʢˡ
ƽŷʧԭأϻûҩ۵úܣʢ˷
֮ǰʢԺӣʢķ٣ʰĸɾ࣬һѽһһıûˡ
ʢ䲻֪ӺδƿںСƿСƿϡ
ʢĮȰҩˡ
Էһֱ䵭ƽǲģԭͲˣʢôһ䣬·ۿЩ
һŸϽܺ룬һ߻Ϊί
ҪöŹ棬Գ꣬ʱҪ
ûˡ
ʢ䷽ĿС˶Ḷ́Ҳ֪˺ۣǰίװģ˵һöԷԼҩ
ʲô񼫵һ㣬ʦý߳ͷ֡
΢΢šüۿһۣƽϰˣʱ䵭ЩӲ



 9  Ϊ飿
ƽ֣ʶľͺ£Ժ鲻ԽظֳŽߵģ
ôһţԼˣ棬Ȼ۵ɫŤһ
ԭĿˣָҲкܶӡڿ׵ĸˡ
ƽָ΢ûзӦǰǰס󣬱Įȴʮԡ
˵
ĪʢеЩˣԷҪʢ䰴ס
𶯡
ʢ䲻᲻صغǳһ䣬ס󣬰ϺںСƿ򿪣ľǩЩһغġ
ҩģȥ֮̾ͲˣƽˣʢԲôó£Ǵ
һӻҪ۵Ķࡣ
᲻ᣬƽ̲סСԹĺۡ
ʢ䴽΢ָľǩЩϢˣظֶֻͿҩ
ҩͿģֶֻˣƽһЩ棬еģʣҩģ
һ޵Һֹʹס
ƽҪȥϸţͣסˣԶԶģһЩ
ױעʢͿҩǿʢˣԷˣŤŤĺᡣ
͸֮ǰϲƵĺ࣬һ֪ͬһ֮֡
ʦﳭŹ棬γ
ƽ˶Լָ⣬˵ţ׵ָָ⣬оָ·ӯˣûаһ
һ׹⸡ֳܿʢָʧʢ˵ܳˣⷨһοάʱ
պÿԺУһ쳭ʱŹ档
ƽԼָ㻹ɴȴˣҲܣҲζҪʢʱ
ܿ죬ƽ뵽ԼҪʣµģܳ꣬һʢ䣬˵ʱ೭ţʦҰﳭ꣬ҿ϶ǳꡣ
û֪ʢ赭д˵泭дûг꣬ʦҲ㡣
ԸҲûбİ취ܲܲ
ƽˣһʢ䣬Ͼܣԭ֪ʢƷУȻûġ
ŸϽȥӱ߿ʼддķǳ棬ʢǰӣ˶ʱദг
ʢڴ˺һᣬǱ˫ۣҲܹܵһ˵Ķ
ʱۣ֮ʶŷһ˿ȥĿ곭дŹ΢΢һ١
ֻüҳֽŶߣд繷Ҫǳϸܱϳдʲô
ˣˣдַǳѰȫûȣӳѧһ㣬дĲŤŤ
ֲóꡣ
ƽע⵽ʢڿԷ΢΢šü̫ԣдҲЩˣǰѱʷϢᡣ
˭̵ģ
ƽһҲʢʣϾǱͺЩûˣԭĹȥʢһҲ֪
ǰֻϵãôдô˵
ҷҲûΪûг꣬ƽϾʱ޿ֱ÷˽ߡ
ʢû˵ʢʱصԼԺӡ
άʱƽֲֻųɴ·öһָۣ㲻ۡ
ۻֳŹ棬ѾŹ涼ˣĿŹͷۻ
ÿȥʢԺﳭдûʱȥնŰʣŹ泭꣬˷˵ӣûܳꡣ
źһŹȥʢҲڳƺںͷ顣
Ӽʦ𡣡ƽ˹ϱûʲô飬ͷȥˣ֮ʢˡ
ĿͣһСᡣ
˵˸ԼдŹ˷䣬ȥ޿
Էֻɨһۣ֪˴µıĿ⳯ʣΪûдꡣ
дƽЩţ΢ÿճʮ顣
ָⶼĥ˼ӣ⼸һۣʶĴָȥԼָļӣصȴ޵Ļظ
֪˶ãоԼĺжЩ࣬˳Ĭ˺һᣬſ˿ڡ
ʦһȥ
ƽӦһһᣬ޲ûŹ£һȥˡ
֮󣬷俴ȥӰſ˿ڣƺ㡣
仯Щδ˵Ӱڵʧܿ죬й
ҲҲӦ
ҡҡͷȻǣʮ߹Ӳϵ顣
ջߣڽӰعڳš˫ıʧ֮¹ޱϲ
ͬмһ㣬쳾ǧҲ벻ۡ
ƽʱʢ仹⣬ͦ޳׷ɢ࣬Ťͷһۡ
֮ǰʢˣ֪ؾЩŤ˾ʱ򣬺Ҳһȥ
ʮʦ֣ˡʢ˵ȽϿ
ҪٳŹ棬ȻԺҲȥʢ
ʢ俴ȥӰǰЩӶ̬ȻȽҪֱ
ÿ쿴С˶Ź泭ҹٴ̤˵С
ʢ䵽˲ǰվһ񣬲ѾˣֻֽܴӳӰ
˴ʦܣҪκʧ
ʢӦһǣ࣬Ϊʦȴûн̹ﳤϣʦͽˣʵϷǳ衣
ƽܷ޴ֻǣӦ֮ȴû뿪
ֽӳ˵Ӱ޲δڣ֪л˵ġ
նڳŹ棬Ժҿţδ͵޶ۣѰӴ
дŤŤһǧŹҲꡣ
ʢɤ䵭ô˵Ҳŷ޵Ļظ
аһᣬԵ˼ֽ֣ӳӰĨӰδ
Ϊ飿
֮һţ꿴ޱˣڵȴֱӸܳ޵ԵĲ˼֡
ʢ΢΢Ӳҡ
˺һᣬδȵ޵Ļظ֪ԼԽˣһ֮ȥ
ƽٳŹ棬оԼһɣɽϲϾ֣ȥС˶顣
ûڲҵʲôڻõ鼮Ȼʱʢʵûߡ
ȻǾѻˡ
ȥǧǿԿϾ쳾֮и˵ܵõõϢ
ԭеľ飬ʢĹƱ඼ǧǵõģһֶֻ
ɱͽ𳬹ʮʯаλʢնʹҲ࣬ǰϯѦ
ָͷţӳգ֪ǲǴܾϵĺƺƽһЩ
ڸб֮ǰǿߣֻ΢һЩûʲô̫Ӱ졣
ûйܣųⷳ˵ĺ߽⿪Լ˯˹ȥ
˯֮ϵĺؽ⿪һϲƣ׾˳Ĳͣ
߲Ĳ겱ϵСϣԼ˸ĺᡣ


 10  һʦ
ƽε˺߳˯ҶǲĲϣؿڣٺ
ȥ󴦵ĺߣ߻󴦰ţĻȶûб䣬ȥƽûʲô
ģֵֹ֮Ժ죬ȥͲˡ
춼ûԼԺ⿴ϤӰʢÿղ֪ʲôʱģÿŶܿʢ䡣
ʮʦ֣ҹҪʦɽղùˡ
ѾԼˣʦ˵ıµĵӣ˵ʦһ򲻺ϣµĵӹϵ
˳УҪ;һȥ̣˹֮⣬ȥܶط档
øʢһֵڣǸʢһ϶ûôɣΪʢһضࡣ
ʢ侲ţһһȥ
ʦ𽻴ˣչ˺㡣
ˣƽزסɫۿɼıʧ˼֡
һǰ꣬װὨ飬ʦ֣ʦұ㹻ˣ㲻һţ˷ʱ䡣
ʦʢ΢ͣƬ̣ɤ䵭
ƽ·ޣȻܹȥ̤볤
ȥɽ£;һȥ飬ʱʦֻһ𣿡
ʢйأʱ
οΪܷͣһڳУǲСĶˣʱе鷳
ضǶ֮ǰˣһûеС졣
ʢ㲻ٻظˣľȻջء
һǰһţƽеġʢţʲô飬ʢƻ.С˶鶼ûˡ
˽֮㽫¸˵ˡ
Ҳǳʢ䣬ƽ˵ʱʢ޵Ŀһۣ䣬оವġ
Ҫ˵˵ʢʦִӣһֻ۱һֻۣʦܣܵһЩ
ȥ飬˵ͨͨڡ
ƽþ˵еȽĿγ֮̽ȥʾʯ˼ϲĵģȥʢ䡣
Ȼÿ¸ʯ٣֤ʣġ
ֲ֪ʢϲʲôƽʢûбˣϱٹȣҲûʢôԹ
ʢԺ棬ôڣʵʢǹƲ̫ܣֻܾʢһֻ۱һֻۣϾɽǲġ
ǹֻӣɽвģĬ˿ȥЩ֮ģֻǲ̫á
˵ô꣬صֻʢ䣬ʢǧƺ棬ôδΥŹ档
ֱߵķӿģ
ʢ俴С˶ණԺſڻȥ֪ھЩʲô
֪ŵʲô֪ܿˣǵģΪС˶һ߾һ˳
ȻС˶ڳһֻţԺ֮ˡ
ƽھʱСĳģͷһԼÿһҲ޷ĵš
ԺŴ򿪣ʢûдۣɫķ˿ɢ࣬޵ûʲô飬ϣֿĵġ
ƽһ䡰ʦ֡ʢߣѻĵǰͣʮʦ֣㡣
ȥʾġ
ƽѵǰͣʢ䲢ûнӣĿߣ΢˶١
ʶȥߣһм

΢̣ƽеΣϺЩʢһֱ䵭ı飬ӲͷƤѵм
ʢÿ˵طŽȥˣѵķϣŵĻе伮ɨһۣоЩ죬ǳϿνĵ伮
ʦ֣ʲô˳ʡ
伮
ƽŶһֻһ䣬Ҫǹʢ£Щڣʢ󴦵ĺߣ̽ؿڡ
ʦ֣ҹ㣬Ҫ
ʢĿ⣬մɽϣδȥϴһΣȥɽתת˵ʦִδֹ
ƽһ˵ţһ͵͵سʢһۣʦֿɲͨͨڣֻȥЩĺС˶飬ܡ
Էô˵ʢС˶ƺϲС˶飬ΪͣڳΣգм֮
ƽúĺ
ƽʵѾڿˣҲиǿǿѧиܵķȽóܵ˵ǲĺԶ
ѧ˺ܶܵķΣ˿ܡ
Ϊв࣬Ҳûá
Էܿ׷ϣܺ塣
Ҳû׷ɱҰԩ޳𡭡ƽ뵽ԼԭĽ֣ʢĻҲ֪
ǻлأûаʱûһǡ
ʢ䳯΢ͣƬ̣Ͽ䵭֮ǰԼҲɴߡ
Լ˵ⴥߣʱڵĻ⣬ƽʢ䲻øֱҪ̫ģڵûлûһȥ
ʢ俴ʣҿߣ
ƽԡ
ûлұûΥأҿʱڴߡ
ʢ侲ؿδ䡣
ƽźûʲôëĪЩֵֹģʢǴӦˣ׵Ժ
ͷ֮ضʢĺܺóԣһԳ
ʦ֣Ȼȥˡ
˵˱ˣƽԺӣûз֣󴦵ĺҲ֪˺ᣬĲһһĸŻڡ
ʢһߣϻĵģĶʾеƷƽҲִܹţǲȱʯ
걾û񣬲֪ʯʦȥʯ뻨㻨
޶Դļλʦʦ㣬޴δʯԼƾȥ
ȻһЩƽҲỨʯȥġ
ʢĿһѵϣ챧ŵĵģǺܻ졣
ƺֻΪԵóԵĵģͻܿġ
ľ£̵зƣиֿζģʢɫһ飬Ž

ڴ֮仯ʢ󴦵ĺٴλûС˶С˶صԼԺĴ֪ʲôҳһЩ
ʯҪֵǮĶ࣬ԻܶС˶ԼһһƵػһ߸˵ӣ֮
ʢ俴ˣûǮˡ

*
лҪ˵
ǼٵģСʢֻú߲ಱӡ
ࣨУʦİǮҪҪȥʦҪʯѽ


 11  
ƽڴӣֻʣһЩȥԭܸˣȻ˲ˡ
ԭȷ޸ʯֻʣЩŬԼʲôҲûôôûˡ
ٸҪʯȥţյ˴Ƿȥһ˳
ɤĮֱӸ
ڹ
鲻ԸӦһԼʰˣһ·̵عȥ˳
λϿ
һϻӣƽۣ֪޽ʲôܲǸʯİɡ
ôţֿһϵĺϻӣҲװʯġֶϷ޵ߣ˫ʶջĿ⡣
ʦ𴫵ӹΪ£ʡ
ޣɽʦһȥҪ£عһЩ
ӦһС˵ʦб𡣡
ڰķ΢šüȻ˶˵˵ΪǸġ
Եǲӡ
ƫӶݣƺ
ƽ֪뷨Ϊ̫ˣûжײ˼
οµĶҿޡ
޺ܹܽܵ޳ϵ⣬оವġ
ֻϽ˵뿪
ϡ
׵ָǷ˺ϻϣѺƿˣһͨ͸İзµͼʲôԢ⣬ƺӵ׵Ļ֡
ãҲϡоһƷ
Ҫȥӣȴ֣ܿźָ⴩⣬԰ϵˡ
ƽʱվŵģΪϵ壬ʮֲڣֽŶ֪ʣֱࡣ
лʦ𡣡ôС˵һ䡣
֪ʲôģֻ˱ǡ
Ŀ΢ͣһᣬʯ
ƽýе㷴ϰµģҲ˲ʯˣ˵˸ֻϽ뿪
ʦ𡣡
ƽָĦԼڵĽƣԷĿͣ˺һᣬԷĬƬ̣ſڵ
ȥɡ
˵ˣ˳·ʱоеأֵͷԼϵ񣬰ȡˡ
֪֮һڣ̫ţĻʯȫ⵰
ɽӣѵʢûйԸ˯˳ʱ𴲣򵥵ʰԼĶʵֻʰԼһѽ͹ˡ
ڵӷ弯ϣͣһ޴ֽֽзĻƣ̽׺һԡ
ʢ䣬ʢǱȺΧƣֽûȥʢ䣬Ѱ˸Ľ䣬ԼﻹС˶飬׼ȥɲһᡣ
ƽԶ˾裬֣ϴˡ
ζ̫һƽϲ²֣ǸЦ˼ģ鰮
ϲһܶŮ֣׳ƺСᣬһ㲻ῴԷģʵҲỻſ
ڡ
ȥɲʲô񣿡ƽһ߸轻һʡ
˵һ͵ˣайأǹȥа
ཻС˶飬ΪһԴյĺܽڻ²ۣ϶ԷС˶顣
㿴棬Ľ㶼һǻ˸ֳܷͣĸĸ𣿡
裺ҵȻܷˣƯŮ
Ҫչȥ˿󴦵ĺͻȻһ߲קקҪչȥ΢קһ㡣
ƽʶŤͷʢ䲻֪ʲôʱˣվԶ֪ԭվ˶á
Էһקߣʶ룬ǲǷʲô˵˲عصʱקߣ
۾С˶飬Ľ㴩Ķ¶ȹʢΪڿʲô顣
ʦʲôʱģ
˵ѾӦ𣿡
ҹȥƽվʢǰ٣ֻ
ҷڸ軻С˶飬ûпʲôģ˿鶼ƽô͡
˵Ҫߣ󴦵ĺקסʢ亰վס
Եת
ʢɫ䵭΢ЩӲӻͳͰ͵ᣬԼܿ滭ŤŤС˶ݸ
￴

ƽе㾪ˣ֪ʢһܵĿΪǺѡʢȻ׼С˶飬ѵãе棬ǽ˹
ῴȥǳˣƽҳǷǳ׵Ĺ£С˶һЩˣֶЩ
ʢ俴һڷС˶飬ѵʵһỹȥҵģ¥ҳô
Ȼʲô˼ֻģĹҲġ
ƽҲģǹɣһ˼ûУ羰һȺ˫̥ÿء
ỹʢ䣬ʮʦ֣Ϳˣûģȥܡ
˵ͷҲصˣʢָ飬ôһ˲䣬Ҫƺ߰ק
ԭվţֻȥһ̸ױ㱻Ц
ֽڸдУܿɽ壬ɲϷ
γжʮӣǷֺģһղȥڿջڵ
ջһ䣬Ҳһһģʢƽ˲µĵӣΪǰŵĶǵķ䡣
ƽסǧʮǳأжʮɲǱʮ֮һ
ߺ֣ԼǮһġ軹ڿջſڵһڵֻʢ΢һЩ
ǰʢϡ
ţʢţе㲻˼ʵʮʦ֣ɲԽһЩʯһط㻹㡣
࣬ҳȥһЩ
ʢ䣺ʲô
Ȼϵֻһġ
С˶顣
ƽ룬еģҪϢ·Ͽܻῴϲġ
ʢʯȻܽࡣʢΪܣ˵ȱʯǲ֪ԸԸ
ʱ֪ʢǸʢֻ˼ʯһЩڳˡ
ʢ䣺дϢ鲻࣬ĿջҲС
ƽе٣ʢԸͲˣͦĵġ˵ˡ֪ˡʢʯ¥
¥ʱͷһۣʢһڶ¥վţûлȥΪ׷괩˴ñĳۣȥġ
ƽôһ̣ҪʢҪҪһȥܿͷ׵Ժ
˿ջ
ʢڶ¥뿪ҲҪȥǧʮǺǺϵܶʱߵĻһţһ㶼ǰе
ɲϷʢ䴩Ŷñۣסڳ˵İ׷׷ǵı־ڷȴ˺µࡣ
δǣָԼĳ˵ҵС˶ģﻹᡣ
ţ֪ߵһǰźѥŲ΢ͣ١



 12  аʥҹ
ǹʱǰƽ˿ջ˾裬һ˽֡
ʱ㲻ǻԹһᣬ˶ûżǱ߱߹䣬ֱꡣ
̫ƽǲҪ̫˵Ϊаǹġ
ƽ֪Ϻ֣ǲԶĸʾϣΧˣ˶˽
Ǳʲôеĸʾ
Ҳ˳ſһۣӦǣǹȥ
ƽڿֱĵģҪȥ֣ҲŹȥˡ
ȺＷȥʾк֣ܶŴġƽ̫ױ棬Ʋʲô¡
ȥĶ͵ͨ
ƽĿϣЩȣȵͨĳࡣ
֪ǲǻʦϵһѩ£üẬ飬βһС룬ӳٸӶĿһʣ΢Цˮīʧһɫ
˵ļʧүҲһš
ͽƽһġ塭ʮʯ
Ϸд֣Ǳīˮסˣƽʶԭдģ֮һĹƱͽʮаҹߡ
Ǿҹ߰ɣҹУѾԤϵԭĹѪˡ
һֱſ͵֮ǰˣҹߵÿĶУѾ꣬ûץס
Ǿҹߣ
ƽÿĶУȻƿ߿Աߵһ֮Ӳɳ
ǡƽָָһ꽣üĿü֮żаϲһѪ塣
Ѧʦ֣յϢˣƽȻ֪ƽô͵ӷĵӽӴʢҲûи
ʮǰѦʦԽˣ˽ɽԽζŷѷ⣬Ƿ
׽Ѧɵʮʯ
ҹѦʦڽɽȥһѦӣϲסɽ൱ڱļݲѦȻȥ
Ѧģƽ֪ؾΣգҪѦʢƶܲˡ
ȻȻǹƱȻûô׹ҵ
ô֪˵ȥħǱߣŵ֪֮İƷĵһ
ƽ
ȻǣȷʵеңϾĵӡ΢ֻҪɲǾͺãȥ޻ء
Һ˲ǲɻȻŮӱᱡ˶ñץˡ
вۣƽ;迴ֱˣǻҪȥ̣ҪȥݴϢ
·̣ĵĸɫɲǺĵʢѸֵĵӣӡĻиˡ
˿ĿƽһУĻڵģƽԼһеġ
Ժֳ︡ʢڿջ¥վŵģЩԥһС
ڵĵģû˻᲻ϲ
費ϲԵģѾȥԱߵ̣кụ̈ǲһꡣ
СӣС̵ѽǵ÷ٳԡ
ĵĹˣЦ˵ˡллԼĵıֱת
ƽ۽ƺһǰɫۣתʱײˣӳǰɫѩƵ½󣬱Ǽ⴦ŵǳѪζ
Щë˲δˣһֻ޳סĸ첲ߴһ
Сӣ˼û°ɣ
ǰ˴ñסָǲ᲻صĸ첲ЩƽоԼĸ첲еۡ
ƺע⵽죬Էɿᣬܹƽ˵и
ǲŪˡ
ƽܵĸоЩΣգʶһЩֻһˣ˵˸û¡Լĵ̬
ƽ
ڲԶæȥˣʹñ˲ʱɨ˶Էһۣ֪ǲɺϣȥʱññ紵Ź
ɨһ˫Ϊÿ۾βһɫС롣
ü䣬ᣬƳЦˡ
ƽʶغͷſͨжԱȣü۲һλҲһﰵ˿
һˡ
ڸ֣˺üС˶飬鼤ҵ˺ü
ƽ£ͬһٰһЩеѾʣ¶ʯˣʣµǮֻһ顣
ԭ˵ϢƽҲûӣȻȥ·Ⱥĵģָȣһ鳢
ȫĵĹѹġǵ÷ٳԡ
Ƚɤ۽Ҫ𣬵Ҳ̣ƽ̵ĿԱߵľһ
ô£ԵǺˣ赣æȥ
ƽԵˣɤۣƺЩˣ˵塣
ġǡ̡ġ
һ·϶Ϊ̵ɤ˶ѻ˵ˣɤһֱɬۣƱƵزᡣ
ʣµĵҲûԣصջſڿʢʱһʮʦ֡ûк
ʢĿϣ˶Էڵ˰żһ仰
ҡңɤܵ͡
ʢ䷽ĿС˶ԼԵǺˣԼ֪ô£ǿˡ
ɤô£
㡢ģ̣ƽԼʢ˵ģǰһõĵݸʢ䡣
ָָָģͷ˵٣ԡ
ʢȺĵģЩ⣬䵭ҵģ
ָ΢սꡣ
ƽͷƿԼţûܸʢ䣬Լȵ裬¶֮ɤɻۣûôǿˡ
֮ʢ䣬ʢһͬȲʱԷԱ߿š
ƽڲ˵ʢ俪ڡ
ʢ䣺ҪһͬȥʦѾǰȥˡ
˵ʢ϶Ϊ˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣ׼Լûõҩ
ǰһӰʢߵǰţָ򢣬졣
֪ʢɤӣ֮ǰʢõҩʲô޵Ŀˮ޵Ŀˮɣ
ƽʢǿԣˮ
ʢָ΢˶٣šһ˼ϴεҩ
ǷԼ򢱻סƤϣое㲻̧ʢ۵ףֶԷɫƺƽʱһЩ
𶯡䵭
ƽû֪ʢҪʲôһ룬Էָ̽Ĵ֮䡣


 13  Ϊ̫ͣá
ʶҪҧˣʢʢָ⣬ɿˡ
ʢ䲻ˣԷһֱǴָԭб룬Եܹо
Ȼܣ֪ʢڰûˡ
ݱţܹԵĸоʢָϵļӣִ£ʱһЩۡ
ԭֻǸо˸˼Ī÷ǳڣⶼڸŷȡʢɱδ䣬ɫ棬ģ𽥲ˡ
̧߱ͷüʪЩһ˫ɫЩԹ˸ףɫҲƽӺޡ
ȵʢɿɤȷʵˣƳһʢָ⣬е㲻˼
ϣҪ´ˣôʢǰ
ʮʦ֡鷳ˡ
ʢĮСлָ΢Ħĺ촽ͣһ̣Ȼܿƿߡ
û¡
ɤûб仯
ʰڱȥ
ƽɤܷˣԭĲһɨգֲҪôʰŽʢһͬȥˡ
󴦵ĺ˵Ķϱ任ƽ·أĲԶֱ߹ȥ
ɲҹУƽЩ棬ʲôУ컹ûй乻أ߿Ǳ߿
ߵԶˣ󴦵ĺ߱קᳶɿһ㣬Ĵұġ
ʢһμô֣·ʲôûʲôʡֻҪԼ·͹ˣûеôġ
ڲ̫һ߱ҪһֱڲԶϣȻһ˵Ҳˡ
ƽߴҲûӦΪ֪Լߣߣ϶ⷳ˵ĺߴһܡ
ʮʦ֣Ҫڳдջȥ
ûǷ֣ڷֻʢڹĳ޷壬ʢҲôҲôҲô졣
ʱ֪˱ȥ
ƽŶһ֪ʲô񣬱ҪʣֱԶ¥ע
תһһǻĵӣҸŲ
ƽһμ˵ãĲ̫һ˾ޣϾȫʢйʱ
񣬱ûע⵽еɲͼڣƵоڹٵϵ
֪·ƽûü㿪ϵĺ߱㳶ˣʢûаѿغȣߵʱЩǲһԭػ˺ü²ͣ
㿴ǸڸʲôѽСָ
Χ˶ЩĳƽǳΣɫЩֳһʢӣͣ
ʢӵʱʢܿû
Լߣʢô˵
ʢ俴һۣɤ䵭һ·ζЩײˡЩͣβ㱻·ߵʯͷ赽
Ƕǲ㣬ֲǱܲʢĿ⣬˵Ὠ飬Ҳǳקңõġ
ʢû󴦵ĺ΢һЩĲزָ
ˣʢʱҲûô飬ʣΪҹл
ǳˡʢʮУÿǶдͼƣͼ˱ܡ
ƽŶһһ·ʵ࣬ʢ䵽˳
˵ǳʵģ̶Ⱥ࣬ǽģΪ磬ǽȥ֮ǹȥ
Ƿ֮⣬ıǳˡƽʢλһʢԱߡ
оڶ棬òԶƺһЩŵĵӣֹǡ
ǱߴŶñסͷġǷʢ⣿
ȥķ彣ĵһ˵òޱò·ѹ񾩡
ֿʼˣʢڵĵطǺעϾʢò츳ΪҲ
ǣ֪ζʲôζ츳ߣ֮⡭Ҳ˱֡
ƽǰʮķˣûжӣʢõĿӣķˡ
˲ܳԣҪ˵ˮˡƽе㲻֪ʲôġ̸֪˵Щʲôȥɫء
עĻϻʦʦӣñһɫƳۣ޳ͦΣ֪ΪЩ졣
Щײӣûס࿴ۣԽԽ
㿴һᣬ󴦵ĺزսĳקջߡ
ʶر㿴һߵʢ䣬ʢɫ䣬׼ҿ
Ҳ׼Ҳ׼
ƽе㲻ˣ棬ǿʢģϾʢΪ࣬ܲΣա
ȥʦǱߡʢžģǱо裬ҲԼĵӣʲô
ʢ΢΢šüҲû˵ʲôû󴦵ĺǹ̶סˣԶ䳤λ
קקѹߣʢߣȻѺˡ
ƽߵʢָ⣬ʢַָŻȥ
ʦٽңҪ⶯ߡ
ʢ仹ڵͷԼָ⣬Į
ĴˣʢһԭأʢһֱϣʢǵҲûеһ¡
ʢ俴ˣһֻڵĺǷȥһ᲻ץͻ߷ߡ
û취úΪ̫ͣá
ƽǹҾ裬;λʦܽ;˵Ż϶пʦһۡ
ܰ·ֻʣʦʦñµ¶üĿ续βһС룬پ¶ĿĿϣ
ƽƽֱۡ
Ȼ˲ܿƵسʦ߹ȥ
һʧȥȨиС˶ڰؽло˲ʦת˲֮ѾԭأҲ֮
ƽκĳȥЩӲǳ󣬵һƬ֪Ϊطûеơ
ҲԼ֪ˣŵʦ϶⡣
󴦵ĺ߻ڣ΢һЩһ̤ڰ⣬ߴһͳöЦ
Сˣ㷽ڿ𣿡
϶һֻ֣ϢߣԷס׾ٵرת˸
ƽŵû궼Ҫˣʱ˿Ȩʶ۽ɨһϤǷŵеٵʦ
֡
ƽָ⻹ûԼĽԷ׾ٵסָ⣬üۣ˶ָס򢡣
Ӵʹ˿һᣬɤζõǲǿ
ƴƽԵŶԷͼƿԷԷһûˡ
á԰ɡ
ƽоԼһᣬ˺͵һжˣ´ǵԼǰ֮С
ŷһУ·ǻþ
ͣʶرȥʢ䣬ŷ˵ģﻹں£һҪԼʦָ״ȥ
ûߵ·ִһЦǷǵ
·ܹоһֻε֣ĲϣֻظĶ
£Ҳ˺㡣
ƽͷðһ亹ܵвԷֻҪ΢һܹĲӡ
ߴһɤɵͳᣬȴô
Сˡȥʦָҿ



 14  Դ
ƽ궼Ҫŵˣðһ⣬˽ŲЩƯ
ԷָⴥƤϣһ㼦Ƥԭͣ˵ָ°ͱԵ
˹ܺʡ
ԭȷ˵ݣôһ仰̱֪ˡ
䡷ܻӭλƱֱѦҹߺʹѩԸ졣Ѧҹ̬߱αѩʵϹƫִ
ӡıǾҹߡҹΪаʥƽİñռ˹ǣʮϲˣϲǰѰʹ顣
ˣҹ߶˵ϲҲʮֵŤ̬ʢһ飬ϲʢ֮뾡취.ƵʢЩͬھ
ԭʢ䱻ҹһʱ䣬֮˼ΣҲʢᶨŬľġ
Ͼʵ⣬ҹΪаʥ˽ٶ꣬Ϊͷ޲¡
ҲǼ㿪ʮʯ͵ĸ߼ۣôҲһֱûץסԭ
Щص㣬صԭûôһΣȻѦʢǰһ̣ԭѾƫ룬Ҳƫ̫ˡ
ƽԼҲ̫ЩȥĶײħͷ϶࿴ۣ㱻ȥˡ
ʢʲôץʢ䣿
һ֣Ը⡣һ룬ǲǾʢתƵϣһವе㺦¡
ɲ뱻˹ǣ;úۡ
ƽ￹ܣ屻ҹ߿ס˲ܿƵسʢ߹ȥ
֪ҹΪʲôͣ۾ʢķԺƴôʢ䡣
ҪˣУȻ
ҹָζĦĺ󾱣ɤͳҾͰźÿĺѿ
ƽһͷڱҲزͷвûϢСȶӶ˶
Ժﲻɱôſ뺰ˣѹ
ҹ߲˳һ˵ֶԷŵˣСȶӶڸŶЦһ
úһ˵㡣
ѡȨŻ˵˺ƭ˵ġ
ƽżÿǰһԼ·һҹúܹܽŵǳѪζҹ
ǲᶨױƣ˵ǲᶨ
ǵԭʢƺҲƹϾҹߵ¯ࡣʢҪԼΪѾҹߵĿƣҹʢ䣬⿪ˡ
ƽһ£ʢ䣬ҹߵȻ
ԻΪвԷ
ĬĬ򴽣֪ôԻΪΪô̬ΪʲôҪԼ
ƽȺʢӣʢ߹ȥޱȵڴϣʢܹ󻹸˸ˡ
ڰжӣʢͣƬ̣ܿջߣƺ󴦵ĺ߰ȻԼ߷ΧڣԱȽϷġ
ԭޱȼ۰Ͱ͵ƽ
еҪѪżɫˡ
ʢƽǾԺܸߣôûз˸˰
Ǳʦ֡
ƽһߺɸ֣ʢջ֮󣬻ǸȺʱʱؿһۣ󴦵ĺҲקקƺ߿㡣
ϧڲ϶̷ɱʢϽ·
ʢԭһЩעԶ꣬ڷԼԹԵػˣ΢Ҳļ֡
ʱʱسԷǱ߿һۡ
ƽߵʢǰЩӲֱ˿ƵĸоʮֲܣǿΪͣӶ
ǿӡ
ʮʦ֡
ҡֻû˵ڣûˡ֪ǲǴʢƺûô䵭ˡ
ʢλһЩģһ۱ˣ˼ЩԳԡ
˿ţĻԵģľҹЦһɤżֳЦ˼
ԷĿ϶ʢ䣬Ȼ֪ΪʲôҲʢ䡣
ȥϡ
ҹôԸһ߻ôʢ䣬ɫͨ죬ʢ޲ö仨
ʱҲԼˣܾҹʢ䡣뵽ܳʲôĿģһʢΪߵģʣµĵӺܺöԸ
ڶܾҹ߿ʢ䣬ֱӴʢ䲻뿪֮׶ˡ
Ȳ˵λӣв˶ڹעǣʢϣǱǶ˶ˣοΪʲôҪ
ŲҪô˵¡
ôţԷƺķ˼ָⲻ᲻صһ£ۣ̱ˡ
֪֪ˡ۵䣬СЭ
ʮʦ֣ҡл㽲
ʢ俴ǰ꣬Ŀ⾼ض֪ΪɫЩĿĶﲻ֪ʲôʱһָӡ
Ǳġ
ҡƽǰһʢķǳʢŷŴǰһ߲غµһ߽ʾ֭Ҫȡһ¡
ܲܡ
󼸸ƽŴôҲ˼˵û˵ʢͻȻס
һ̣ǰɫ˼֣Ȼʹʶرǰ
ת˲֮䣬顱һԱߵӴмѿײʢ仳ʢһֻųδʣһԭλӣ涼ųһѷ졣
ʢһֹסת˲֮ԭʧɫЩףΪԼ군ˣʱʶر˱ʢ䡣
ʢʦܣ
ԶӵʢڰȫĵطɫñаУδԳΡ
ôһ仰̱㾪Ӧ죬ԭزһ磬еӵĽ֮.˳
ƽڻЩ겻ûٸоҹߣƺʢסһ̱㲻ˡ
ʱЩοҿʢ䵽˲ԡ
ʢקסʢӣ͵͵һʢı飬ʢƽɫģʱ˼ȥЩˡ
ƽΣյʵʢ䣬ϾҹߵĿʢ䣬ʢ仹ǰ
ʦ֣ҪȥʦǱ߰ɣŵʦаģĿ㡣
ᳶʢӣʢ̫ԶʢĽȻһ䣬ǹؼʱ̻Ƿǳ׵ġ
ƽûƽǿά򶨲Լֻ̫ʢӵָⱩ¶Щϸ׵ָ⻹ڷ
קŵŤͷĿĲϣ˼֣ɤ䡣
ˣ

*
лҪ˵
ʢ䣺ǣұ飬ǲҳԴס


 15  ǲҪ㸺
ƽʵĿһ˲˳ſԼԭԵָӡʱѾԼˡ
Ѿˣϸ˵ʢı飬ƲҲһ
ҹӵʱûʲôоܵʱ̫ˣҲˡ
ñеΣȻҹȷʵֶŵģڲ˵ʱѽ
ʦ֣ǻȥ˵߻Σա
δ˵꣬һߵĽһļ輧ȫû˺Ż
ڣûһƽˣĻΧһһ㣬ͳ˱ǡ
Ƕû£
ƽҡҡͷûʲôˡ
ʢ߻ڽƿĵطջߣظǶ޷Ǳ߿д󰭡
˵û£Щ輧ǻûɣڽƵʱһͬʧˡЩаĿʲôд鿴
еæȻûʱǶ˵˰ȻȻؿջ
ҲŵòУû˿ƽкæ
ֻʣ༸ӣʣĵȻȥˣƽʢ䣬Ϊص㱣Ķ
Ͼ˷аǣǷԱӵȫΪȡ
ƽʢȥ·󴦵ĺ߶Ȧһֱڲ࣬ʢҲһֱܽ
ȥѾȫˣڿջͷһ硣קųʢķ䣬ϵʢѽ
ƽ֪ʢľʢʣһһʮ˵ˡ
ȥĵʱײˣʱҵǸҿȻҾʦ࿴ۡ
治֪ô£Ļ㲻ܿˡ
֪ݣаʥҹߡ
ʢ侲ţ̨ѴߵĵҲˣԿ
ʮԣΪ֪
Ϊвң˵Ͱ˹ǣƽе㺦£ʶسʢǱϲռ˹ǣͨдġ
ͨдĶУҾҹߵͨ鲼ÿһǡ
ʢ䲢δش𣬻һú΢קק
ƽקţǰߣһҲûаȫУʢãرȥˡ
ʢԱߣԱߵԾգգۣʦ֣˵𡣡
ʢ䡰šһһһʦִ
ʢô˵ģʣµľͲˡ
ʢԱߣһֱʢ俴ЩڣԷоԼһ¡
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ۿҪƯ¶£ǱԵһС룬ԼܿݵΡ
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δǰɽ¸˿
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ʢ俴ǰֻ꣬ѩ׵ϽˣǲδȫϽ꼡δѩǧ˿ɢ࣬ɫӯӯؿӳԣʻϢ
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ʢջָ⣬
ƽǻһܿʢ֣֪ʢҪʲôĻţʱƺҹĺ
к档
΢΢ӣоһָ棬оЩڣܹоԷָƤϡ
ӳһ˵ĸоƽ㣬ʢ𶯡׼Ҷ
Ȼоһ⣬Ƥϣܹ͸裬۵ܿʢ֣ʢһ
ϱ䣬ǲȡЩڽ
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ʲô䡭ʦ֡Ҳɡ
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ʢķ䣬ֿһ۴ϵꡣΪûлظôһСᣬ˶ˣڱС죬ɤֵί
ҲŻ˲ҳ
ʢ䣺



 16  
ʢ俴ڣµ˶Էʲô˶ٵ׷ٷ䣬Ѿȡˡ
ʣһ䡰¡û˵
׷ٷ䣿
⣬Ӧ˱ķ䡣
ƽɢһ֣ǰʢá
ֿʼ··ˣȷʣ׷ٷ֪ҵλã
ֹ֪λãʢ䣬߼䣬ֻҪԷ䣬ʱ㡣
ҹ߾䣬ϵˣʢ˵ţĿͣһСᣬϵˣ㲻̶֣ҲڶԷ±ǡ
ֻͨϲĶǳƫˣǻ˿ζ
ƽԼֳһʢ䣬ʢľ飬ɲ뱻ҹ߶ϰ
ʦ֣˱û᲻ٹң
Ӧˣʱڲ
ʢ䣺ʣڳеļգڣһ㡣
ƽʢЩˣһȫһһҹȤʢ䣬ֻǴɳ
ʦ֣һ˶ץأʡ
ʢɫĮһա
Էһ˯ҷ
ƽԱűʣҪ˯һŴ
һһߴ
ʿֻΪ͵ĵӲŻҪ˯Ϊߣ˯ʱԽԽ̣ȫôϢ
ŶƽҲһ˯ɲþҹлɳˣ㷢ëʢһҪаȫеĶࡣ
ûһᣬ̲סʣʦ֣˯˱ץô졣
ʢ䣺лڣܸ֪λá
ջҲн磬˴룬̱
ƽģԼһྻƽ˯ֻ£ʱ˯˯½ɢˡ
һθʢ˯һӣЩ˯ţҰ﷢ô£ӳţ˯š
ֻʢһҪҲֻʢ䡣
ʮʦ֣ʲô
תʢ䣬ʢѽϣָǳķ滹޵ơ
а
ƽִӴԣʢĽתתȥ̫ԴԱ߿һᡣ
ʦ֣˯ˣ
ʢ䡰šһ֮ͣ˱ȥ˯ջ񣬳ѾϣҪȥ
˯ţƽû֮ǰʢĵģʣʦ֣Ҹĵģ㳢ûС
δʢ俴ˣ
ƽҡҡͷʢģôʢҪֻʢúòóԡ
ǿʹС˶ӸʢģĹء
㲻Ҫǳƽ˵һ䣬գգۣоЩˣ˯ȥˡ
ƽ˴齣滹ʢۣ۷һߣûһ۾
ûһƽűӣԶʢ䣬ʦ֣˯š
ʢһֱⴲ齱ߵˣԱⴵˣһߴﰵ͸Щ¹ڴϵϡ
˯ʱƵǹأűӹԹԵţ촽΢ſЬ඼ˣ¶һذ׾Сȡ
ʢ俴һ۴ϵ꣬Ŀ¶СϡСڱѩֺҲ֬һ㣬΢΢š
һ۱ջߣԭڴ񷴵ԼУ̲סȥϵꡣ
ϲƽǶȥ߲ͣڣ˯˰Щϰߡ
ƽʵû˯ţǲ˯Ƿ̫ˣʢһʯʱ򰲾缦һûС
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ƽܹоԷڴǰվţ׼ۣ״ȵĴУĳĽףĽ˱
ȫűһȣе㲻ˣʢոǺñӣĵ߿ˡ
Էƺڴ齱վţƽоĿƺͣһᣬȻʢĽףְ˻ȥ
ƽ
ʢ䵭ȫȫڱ꽿ҪǶ˿ܻӹʵʵֻ¶һԴֺҲϲ
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ʢڴ齱£ط֮࣬󣬶Է䲻ĵ

ҲҪҲҪܣƽʢе㷳ˣʢԱߣܷģˣ㸽˶Է
֪ˡ
ѵôԣʢ䴽΢ۣȥϵ꣬΢ĬĬķ
ƽѾˣʢԱߣ˯ŵĺܿ죬ΰѼƺоԼ¡
˯ǰ룬ʢڣҲʲô¡
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ˣƺһɽ¶ȺܵͣһϤɤǰһӰ
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ҿеˣȻô׾ˡ
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ƽһ亹˹ǡ֣ɫ̱ĥӣĥҲ䲻ӡ
вһųҹߴָһ㣬еĿڲһߵĵϡ
֪Ϊλѡ㣿
ƽ֪ҹߺܽʶظо¡ԼԱ߶һЩ󴦵ĺ߻ڣʢӦϾҵ
֪û䣬ָס΢ʹɤᣬȴֺû飬ƽմʹиС˶֨ҽС
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һαĹˡ
ҹɤҲĳ࣬˵ĻȴǶħһ㣬ָĦգһһ
ѡеˣҪôҸɣҪôɹͷҪһ֣

*
лҪ˵
ʢ䣨к֪أ


 17  ܺң
ƽĸѡԭ֪ҹж̬ʶŲŲѾʼˡ
ܲܲѡ
ԼĽԱߣҪȥһԵĽҹ߲Ϊ⣬ǰȥЩЦ
Ȼԣֻѡһ
ƽ˵ˣһߵĽָͻȻָ֮ʧȥ˻ɿ˽
Ҫѡ
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Ҳ뱻˹ǡ
ҹᣬɤҲ˼֣뱻Ҹɣ
ƽھҲĲҪɿҡҡͷֲΥԷһ䣬Ϊλѡҡ
ԼģҹЦЦײϣҵ֮һֱҿ
ƽ
һ߾ףע⵽֪ǲǴܾþҹߵɫЩҰס
ҿҲ֪㡭
û˵꣬Էס򢣬ҹɤᣬǵˣû˵˷ô˵ģ
ƽһ˲оϢ֮죬缦ؿűľʯ޲øʯΪһ塣
һΣгͷ
ƽװ˵ˣǰԸ粻ֱ񾭲
ҹǰʧҲûٱƣúԶ󴦵ĺ߻ڣѲʢ仹ûзѾˣ
ôţɽ洫ɽзǳŨصѪζҹ߿˿ڡ
ɤܵ͡
ƽ󴦵ԼϿˣĥĥزȥǸоһӱϵĿֲϢŵëˡ
оΣգվСرܿΧİ׹ǣɽ档
ɽһʯͷһγɵȻңѪζŨأߵſڣ΢ͣ١
ҹʱۣϰԺһ˿ڣ˿Լɼ׹ǣҪҹ롣
Ų˶٣ƤӸûעҹߵΣעǵ˿ϡ
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ƤϴУۡǰǰ̵ڸ˿Ϳҩɫ鿴ˣܾһʶر
ܺң
ҡҡͷС˵ûУ¡
ŴŴģС﷢ĺЦţۣͷæˣװ֪֮ǰľ档
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ƽƽûʲôϸûʲôģƽĵ¾ëֽϻˣԼ½ϵϵãҪ˵ҩ
ѾǳСˣǺüζ˾ҹߵ˿ڣָһմѪѪڵϡ
ƽһͷܸоĿϣָѪˣ󾱷·ವģӲͷƤ
û˵һ߼ҹĨҩһС͵͵Էһ̧ۣ;ҹߵ߶Ըš
ƽоз·𶼾ֹˣϾҹߺЦĿ⣬ֻͷƤ飬ƤλöͿҩ
еڶΣҲǶ࣬ҿˡ
ƽԾԼֿʼеעھҹߵ˿ϣΪ˿ڣͿĺ
Ϳҩʱ򣬾ҹߴϣ˺һŵŻ
ƽһ£Щ֪ķԺһһ˲Ŀհס
ôӦҹѾ֪˴𰸣ָĶͷϣɤ˼֡
ܿĹ࣬Żģ
ҹ߷˷ǳ˼ĶֿǰģĵǲǸöߴˡ
ƽװװ֪һ֪ҹ˵ʲôı顣
ҹ֪˻ľܲˡ
ĵӡҹ˼ȻЦˣôһЦ˿ڲСѿЩŤɫӲҰס
ƽǻã鷳ҪһҩҹͿҩɽ̫ʲôʱ
û취÷һˮεҪȥϴ֡ûжҹ߱㳯
ȥϴ֡
ƽ̯Լںģ涼մҩݣţܲˡ
ҹûзԣȥˣȪһϴһŤͷҹߣڻˣҪ취Ͻ뿪
ĵƶûˣһ߳ô뿪һڿһһ硣
Ҳ֪ʢôˡ
ȥʱע⵽˵ϵһѰ׹ǣСرܿˣЩ׹ǣܸоë
ɽֻˣҹԭشԭڿſڣſöһذ׹ǣϻѪŲŲԾŲ˾ҹԱߡ
ôҹǸˣ;ҹ߱һľ룬󴦵ĺߡ
󴦵ĺһֻʢܸоȴһ㶼оʢ䡣
ҹ߱ҲܸܵԶĶֶԷԭſڣһسŲۿȥԷĬĬԶ㡣
һ߷һһֱ򣬿ôܡ
*
ʱǰ
ʢ齱ߵ˯ˣԼʦҴ˱ӣǳʦֵľڴߴһʱǳİۿϵꡣ
˯ĺ㣬űӲͷ촽΢΢ţ˯˻ϲ߱ӡ
ƽҴ˱ӣĿϣһ֮ջߡ
ִʱ֮ʦǵȥ
齱ߣ껹˯ָƽɤ䵭
ȥ
ôָ£ûѣֱֲƱӣָⴥƤȽҪ
Щ
ޱִһ¡
ôһ£ϵת˲֮ʧֻʣһ㱡ı졣
Сʦܾôûˡ
ʢ䣺


 18  һЩ
ڵʦֹҹɫָЩſžʯ꣬ʱʱر㳯ɽ⿴һۣȥܽ
ƽջߣżֲұֳһ۾ҹߣûлش
ãһôŪ֡ҹվ֮ϣֵǰסԼϿһεĽ䡣
ģҸϲʦҹ˵ſһɫ΢԰ףҿϵˣһܲ
ƽϵĽԾûиоۣŹȻҹ߻Ҫʢ֣һҪջ֡
ջ֣ĽȻڣ֪ʲôʱġ
ڣҶҵҹɤᣬϾ֪ʲôãرˣҲҵ㡣
껹дôȻŪˡ
ƽָȥϵĽ䣬ָ﷢ʵʲôʱȥģ
ҹЦԭذһ󷨣󷨿Ǵ󣬾ҹ¿һۣò⡣
ӦýˣҪȥס
ƽȥϵĽ䣬棬ӡת˲֮ʧ˻󣬽ӡˡ
һǱֺã˵ῼ㡣
ƽסһ룬󷢳â;ҹߵʧԭأ˳һ
ԭûзӦֱԼ˱ɫȹͼҲսࡣ
һεԴϴײɴһ˫ۣһֻ֣ԱȵϢߡ
һЩˣС
ƽоһƤӲˣԴתȥ࣬ҹ߻һȥģһֻֽڻ
ȫŮӵװ磬Լµô£ϵʣҹߵĿϣĿƺżֳȡ
ƽĽҲûˣ˵ĽͨĽܾҹƮƮؾ۶ϣнܱ޴ǿ
źۼسԱŲһЩҪܿҹߵĴŲһЩԷؽקָ򢣬ɤᡣ
ô˳ࡣ
ҹߴŻ꣬껻ȹͷ÷סˣĪ棬ȥˡ
ֻ˫̫ԣԵ˼֣дСͽţƺܺ
ƽ˾ҹߵĻֱëȻϵĲԸǳԣͦĺֱЩƽûкú
ԭľתƵˣȫûзֻ֮׸ֵСˣûѻʯ
ƽôţЩԼ˱ҹ߱ڻڻεϵֹֻԽԽ
촭ˣžҹ߱˫ۣһҹߵ˿ڣ˵ᰤ
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ҹߵ֣ܴˣû׷װ˯ۣҹĿϣЩЦ⡣
ҷô˵ģ
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ƽǰҹɿţԼ˾ҹҪʲôȥѾơ
ǿ˵ģ۾գգ齩Ӳͼҹ߽㷽û˵Ҷ
ֻһС£ΪʲôҪƽϣǹĲ硣
ҹƺЦһոԷЦס

ƽôܹȥ屻ǰһ̣һѣ屻ǰһֻס˾ҹߵϡ
ϴȶȣǵһξ飬ԭǾҹʢģֻ첲Ӳ̧ס˾ҹߡ
ҷ˵ˣһЩҹţǰɤᣬƽǲҵĻ
ƽϷָ̣ڷϵֻȻ촽ָĦ
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ȥͦί
һǱ˽ϰ˵ģ֪ЭҲҷӣǷģ
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ƾұΪߡ
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ƽһ˵ҲһӰԭӱº͵ӣ⻹ǵһǳһ˵
ннҲɱˣü϶Ҳȣ²ⱨӦ״ʦ÷޵ָͷȻѾҹ
ʦֲᱻץסˡ
ƽôƵ˵һ䣬ۿںţ۲ȥҹңұˣĹ㡣
Свˣҹ΢΢üһұš
ΧƽŶע棬С˼ҹע⵽ˣֱӰ˻ܶ
һ̣˴ƿƽ۽ɨϤĵۣҪƿҹߣû
м飬ûƲ׼ڡ
ҹסһϵѪӳһƸĵӣҰ׵ϸֳһĨЦݡ
Ҽ·̫ˣ˼£ڲ̫㡭
һ˵ţҹߵָƽһ£ƽۣСƺһ谵ĻԵ÷
ѲĵЩΣϻЩ죬ԥҪҪ飬ˣ۾һ
ƽﻹҪҪˣΪϳǷĵӣûгͱ㱻סˣҹظĲ
㲻ɡ
ƽһ仰˱㲻ˣٴαƿһϤ䵭
ϣн߶Ҫȷݡ
¶ʢ


 19  ʦֲҪ
ƽʢ۾ʶرˣ˶Ͳغһʦ֡
Ȼ˱ţû취оҹָⲻ᲻صذλãмĶĦ棬һͻѪ
˻ھҹ߻󴦵ĺ߻ţʢ϶ܹϳ
ƽޱź֪ĸо߳ܣ񻹴ȹӣ㱻˱ڻҪˡ
Ա룬ʢǰѾĹˣʢ壬ᳰЦ
ʢ֮󣬾ҹߵĿԾͲˣЩܿڲеһӣ
֪ˣϾ
ҹߵָ΢һ£֪ԼѾһšڴʢĻش𣬷ʢĿֻͣһ˲ܿջߣ˳ź
ƽ
Щţֿ󴦵ĺߣ߻ţʢ䲻ϲȻϳΪβ
ƽӳһ˵ίЩС˶ڳܡ
һ˵ʢ϶ģᶪܣǲ㣬д㡣һС˶ڷ϶ǣ˵ǲˣ̫ᱻץס鷳ԸҪˡ
С˶֮ҡڲ߾ҹ߱վãǳвζգ˼ǵȻһ㡣
˵ܲϳ㣿
ƽԷЦҹߵϳҲ㣬㷽ſһаȾű
вңʦֲǰˡƽһ䣬Ͼҹߵߣֱ죬νӲʱҲûпչܾҹߡ
ӶʢΪʲôƽʢȻǹǶչˣᶪ
ΨһþȵĻᣬʢҲûϳܾͻᱻҹߴˡҹһ𣬲ᱻ䣬ܰ裬˵ܻ˹ǡ
ƽһҲҹߴһ߱鲻Խʢϣҹ΢΢ǰסߡ
ơ
ҹߵƹȥǲ磬ȫǲģ
Χûеעߣǰһбˣмţеʿﶼ˽磬а̤ȥ
ܹסͨаȻס
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Ȼֱȷݣʢ䶼ûгķ࿴һۣƺбҪæܿ콻˼ӣֵ˱ĵط
ƽ˷ܽŵţϣûϣֻ˲һӵʱ䡣̲ס캰ˣʢ䳶źԽԽԶһûлͷ
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 20  ҡҾ˳ְǸۡ
ƽһֱžҹж뿴ҹߵ׸ʲôҹһ춼ûгȥһֱڿջţ˱ڿջһ졣
ڼҹ˵һȥҹȥˣϽ֣ϵĽӡͿʼ˸ˣС˼
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ƽʵ޿̣ڴ齱߿ľҹߣʵУΪ˻ط˯ģ
ҹذˣšһΪ˸ʲôġ
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ٵȵȡҹƤƣŵʱû˷ңôзڳȥˣǵȦס
ƽĿɿڴû뵽ҹߵڻڻɣڳ˺üȦˣȻûз
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ĬȰ˶˿ƻ·
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ҹĿջİҹߵߴһ¡档
ƽһ̸Ŀ죬оԼֶڶϾҹƽдЩĿ⣬ŵĲԾȶ
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 21  ˽ʦֻ
ƽϰ£ǳĽţץһΣǾҹӰġҹ߻вܴȣֱץˡ
һߵԼҪˣһžҹߣЩȷҹǲǹڵ
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ƽ˺һᣬҹ߶ûзӦԷذ۾ˣٿ
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ɵĵͨô䣬Ϊÿʻ𽥵ߣϲô
£ƺûʲôãһηס
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ƽڿʱЩˣÿ˯ŵʱҹ߻ⷿ˲㾪ˣһҹûߡ
ڶһ磬ҹڽţһСţǾԼռطһ޲ıӡ
ƽ۽һȦѻ࣬άһ̫ãЩᣬԴκġ
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ȥʲô
ҹ߼ͦԣʱҲȷ˳нϣΪģձ㶯֡
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 22  
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ʢ䷴ץ䴥˻
ģɲҹߣҹץ
ƽֽŤŤּĩβһ
壬ѦԽħޡ
ȥܾԼƺӴһ̣Ѿб޳
ߴ޵ĴڹȥһˣԼֽ˸棬ֱӱȥˡ
˳ڿţ˵񣬷ڴߣ˵һ֡

ƽգգۣڰЩֱӱȥˡڷһֱЩн޻ʱվ
վ󣬶ᣬſƣק΢ǰһ㣬ڷǰվ
ƽоЩŤ󴦱Ƥ·һ㼦Ƥҷ޺ܿɿ
֮ǰôͬ˵ģ˹أ
ɽҪ޷һˣƽȻǵãЩҲ󣬻ظûٹ
û뵽޻ᴫ
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ûˣֻǾҹһӡƽԼڿǽӡ϶ڡ
ٴαסָа׹󴦵ĽӡֳȻءһֱӱڿѿ
ǽ⿪ˣ
ʦǽ˽ӡ
ޡšһδɿֺһ䡰ʦ𡱣޲ɿ
ƽûôע⣬ü̲סЩϲãΪ⿪ӡ࣬лʦ𡣡
Լһεļڴʱ⿪еһɨգ˶泩
ţʱա
û꣬ƽ˿ڡ
ƽʣÿչһΪǡ
ƽӷ˵һ俪ʼòƤͣǡ֣Ժˡһ˲㵱ιȥ


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ƽȻĵ伮࣬;辭죬۹ǡǸıӵĸǣ֮׵ߵӵʣΪߵķǳѸ١
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ƽΪǻᷣŹ棬û뵽ֱҪΪǣһԸ⣬ϱ
ʦ𣬵֪ˣԺúʦΪҲǡ
ƽʶرŲһСԶ㣬㺦·ޣڷ޾Ȼ˵Ҫǣ޺ʹħͷˡ
Ѿ£ÿ֮
ƽһ޻˷ǳƣԭվŲſڣֺһ䡰ʦ𡱡
ЩͣЩζӳγŷ޴ЩԸ
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ƽһۣкܶܶʯȺĵģ䶼
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ƽ˶޵ĵ׷ǳˡ޵˼ΪãôԸԸ⡣
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ԭĥĥ䣬Լʯ͵ģֶ̳ôּۻۡ
ʯ͵ķһߣ΢ƿһ㣬Ƶе᲻ã͵͵رųԼһ㡣
䣺
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ޣѾò⣬ټǧŹ档
ǧŹ棬ƽ˲ʵˣ죬˪ӣСŶһ
˵һ䡰Ӹˡ˳ߵʱûذʯ͵ıߡ
˱ӰȥЩûƽߵĻ졣
ӡѾ֪˵ʲôˣûûΣҲӣ̲סš
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ƽرŷ޸ʯ͵Ļȥˣ·ϿһۣĻС״ȥֺġһ˿˿ĸڴ֮仯߷·ʻʢ

ƽЩģʯԻʢˣԼڶҪȥ޵ʶ׵Ժ
ŵĺʯصԼԺԼ齱߻ʯȫǣ˺þöû꣬ӦñϴεĻࡣ
ʢʯҲˣ࣬ȥʢ䡣
˵ԺòԶƽûӦſڵţ֪ʢȥʲôˣȥ
ʢڿ죬ţſڰ˺һᣬ価ʱʢŻ
Զʢ䣬㱧ʯܹȥˣ֪ǲǴܾʢɫƽ԰ࡣ
ʮʦ֡
ԭԶƽ˿ſˣɵסˡ
ʢ޺ۣǱɫı޺۽һ𣬱ѪȾ죬˺ۿĿġ
⻹ֻǸ·س˺֣ʢ䲱Ҳһ˿Ǳ̵ĶģѪⶼˡ
ʢɫ΢԰ף䵭˶Ƥ
Ŀ΢ͣ٣˿ڣɤҲżɳơ
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ǹʯģƽȫʢϵעž;úۡ
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ʢ䲢ûлش𣬶ǵʯػ
ô˵һ䣬ʢŽԼԺӣƽں·Ľȥˡ
ʦ֣Ǳķĵ۸ˣǣͬʦ˵ֻع
ƽ֪кܶϲʢģʹʲôֶʢԿˣʢ˿ôأôš
С˵ʱ򻹺ãǰǻˣʢҲʮ߰˵ꡣ
ƽûܹصĴ֪ƽӴŹ棬ᱻȥãɵʵȥͨҲѲƤ
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ƽʯϣǰֺӣ̲סʣ㷸ʲôʦ𷣵㣿
ʢѾĹˣû뵽޾Ȼôء
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ʲôڷƽֹһ䣬Ƥָָʢ䲱Ӵ˿ڣˣ˺öѪ
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Ϸŵıɴƿƿҩƽʵ˳һʣϾ˿ڰķǳ
˵ȥĻóȥˮȻղ˵˺͡áЩн
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˵ʵҲûãﲹһ䣬ֻϣԼֱܲš
ƽҩƿֹѪҩΪ޸࣬ÿһֶע֣ʲôģ޶ǰֺˡ
ʢǰʢţվŵģҩȥ˿ںֹܿסѪɴͼʢ䲱ϲȦ
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ǰս꣬ģרע˿ڣ·Լϣ쳣ḻ
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ĽŪ֪ھҹʱȴΪֹ˼ɣίû̽˴겼˾֡
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 24  ʦۡ
ʢī, ƽң޹ء
˼ĻҪ򵥡֪˼򵥣Ǳ㲻
ôûҵ, ƽЩ˼ʢ˵, ܿģʦֲǰװͰ͵ġ
ҹǿҺӡôСһ䡣
гһټҹߣһҪ𡭡ƺԺҲҹ, ϾҹܲѦԽ
ֹ֪ʢû, ʢֻǿĿ϶˶٣δش⡣
ƽʢ, Լʢ䲱ϰĺ, ϵȥģе㻬
ʦ֣, ƽԼʢ䲱ϰĺ, ָʵ, ϵòҰæ
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ƽҲ˳ųһ, ܿ챻ʢĻע, ŵ˵ͷ
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ƽ֪ؿʼ޶²ı䣬ͷһͷҲһ
Σܲˡ
С϶ʱмʧ䡣
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ƽӦһĥӲ˺þãʦôɿڣ˵ǲ⣬᳭Ź档
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֣꿴ԹԵûЩɻͺ棬ֱָǰë׵ԴգգۣԴ
ЩӲ˳ë
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ʵܲˣʦ𲻻ǿ㡣
ƽоԴ࣬ĻͦԴһʢģţһ
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չʱܻȥڷô£ٰϣ翵ϣοôۣʵڲǡ
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δѪѾ̣ʢɫЩ԰ףϵʯȻִ֪ҳʯѳһСѣ
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һСʯƷʯƽе㾪ȣ޴ΪȱǮʢΪӦҲȱǮƷʯ׬
İշ޵ʯȴ̫ҪʢģʢʯԼ׬ģôಢס
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󴦵ĺֻûС˶һС˶עȫС˶С˶·أ·˳ųʦֵɲݡ
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С˶ÿ춼ܿգûһῴڵĺֱעźԼԺӡ
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ȥҷޣڽ뿪ʱе᲻ã۰Ͱ͵ĿŽϡΪҪˣʲô»üۣ˦ˡ
ƽԼͦԩƨɷ·ճϣôҲԸֿӶߵĲˡ
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ڶҲҪٿޡ
ҩˮڻεƽļѣϣ۵ιȥҲôΪ̫ۣܵʹ쳣ԽԽѡ
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⴫޲δظ䣬ǱҩȪʧ
ʢ䵽ʱʦ𲢲ڲڵϣƫĶ
һ̣ǰһǰ׾ۣƫŴ򿪣޳ǰ
Ŀһǰɫۣƫϴһֻϸ׵
ŵţֻܿ괹ָǽϸ޳ϻźߣƫһֱӵ
ϳ˭
ʡˣλ
ʢջߣظ˷Լںδ
ӦʦΣ֮УԵӵİȫΪһɲǷ˴ɡ
ˣ޵Ȼˣ׽Ӧô
ʢ䣺ʦܵİȫΪһʦܵκ˺ʦ֮֡
ûеõظ֪˶ã̧ͷλѾûӰ
ƫҲѾϡ
µ˼
ʢ󴦵ĺߣת뿪˳
߳ȥ֮Ťͷһۣͨڣһ׵ľ
*
ƽǼŵǳ㣬ָСӣ͵͵سԶһۡţв֪õʲô飬ƺڿ伮
ŷһˣ˵ҩȪιȥˣһʱίں˼ͦΣôǵʱ
ƽһҲιȥȻǾˡնһ£Զ̧ۿŽס
ָҪʱҶ
ȷʵûʹĸоڣƤʱʱ㴫ۡڷ޵ʱŲԸ⡣
ҩһЩʱ֪ײޣѣ֪ˡ
޸ŽĽףⱻӻǷ͹ģһ㣬ʶ
һޱɿ
ԼСջƽŲŲ÷
ʦܻܲԼԺӡ
ƽѣԼȻزȥίذʾ÷ȥ
ˣ޾ؿʱﲻжԼԺӣû˿㡣
˼ڵ޻չƽŽԵСὨ顣
ҿʦ֡ʦֻչҡ
ʢӦˣԸ鷳ʢ䣬ȥʢԺҲУҪͷ޴һ
и°һǷޣҹڶѦڶھҹߺѦˣӰǳء
֪ǲĴܾ꣬Ϣƺ˼ֱ֣ӲˣȻǵڷƨ
ƽĬĬҪڷ޵ʱҪ˯ȥҲˣǷιȥˣȫû⡣
ֲҶҲûܶеĳ裬ֿԶˡ
ģʢǰƫĳ࣬信ʵһ֣ŷ֮ûм޳
ƺնڳδȥ
һᣬ̧Ƥ۳Σôֲ飬ֻܸо£ûˡ
ƽԼڵʱסһ󿴿ҿ˺һᣬſ˿ڡ
ʦҿˡ
˵꿴ŷޣǳƽţԽԽÿʣ޲鷳ɡ
鷳ҲãͻӳȥͲ尾ˡ
һᣬްˣȥߵһˮˮȵģʱð
ƽϣԼҪˣ鷴ӳģѲˮݵߡ
ȵĲˮðƽͷ޿ôЩͷƤ飬ҲĿʣҩȪﱻɤӣɤһֱۡ
ӣһۣúͷ޶ߣܿջĿ⣬ŷ޵ְѲˮˡ
˲ˮûߣȲȡ
ƽɿҡҡͷˣǷ޵Ķմ㣬оܲӦ
ָŽɿֻɵţѹʹˮ޾ͻص˷ŵλãȥˡ
ƽ˳ųһۣ伮ƺǹǵļأǵһιȥģ֪޽󻹻᲻ҩȪ
һСᣬƽԼ̵طȥĵķһ۷ޣֿһ۷ޣָ⳶ŽЩᡣ
Ķ̫޳÷˱С˵
ʦҶˡ
ˣĶӷǳӵĽ
ŵĵеıٹеĲٹȣΪΪޣܶû취άǶһĿǰҪ󲻸ߣȻѡ˲ٹˡ
ƽе㲻˼ҲԼ÷ˣ˯ţһһ˵ûûˣ϶ȭֱӰӳȥ
СǽԼֻ¶һСؿŷޡ
޶ûΪβٹȣȥˣƺǽ˷ʲôûһֻ
ûпӰŵһζſڣŷһ֪ʲôģ㡣
ƽڴıۿɼķ仯ŷޣ񶼸Ϊ˵˼֡
ҩȪﻹڶΪ޸ȣܿȻˡ
±ˣ˸Сʢһ룬Ȼ˵齱ߡ
Ŵţ׵ߣƽ˵ԼͿԡ
ָҪ̧ȴЩƽΣˡ
лʦ𡣡ƽС˵һ䣬޵ָ΢˶٣׷һ㲻ˣһ
úúѽ
ƽԼ϶ˣ˲ů޲˵һֱιܿһˡ
ûỹҪҪ˵ȵڶ룬ȥʢһ룬Щ棬ʦʲôģ
ޣס
סƺǷƽŸǰ׶ײס
ױˡ
Ǳ֪һȵɽ
ƽں˼ţоԼĴ߷·һ£ߴ޵ĻԷ˶ٵ
ܼǣÿնȡ
ƽ



 25  ʦ㣿
ƽ˷ʲô˼, Щ죬ǲǰɵӣôܻΪһʹӦ
ôʹ, ŲҪ
˵ָϣմϵ֭úܲ, ΢ܿЩһ۷е룬ɿҡҡͷ
ջָ⣬ɤĮ, ϲ
ֲϲϲ, ƽƿ˷޵ף̵ģ̬ȼ
Ժ󶼲ٺ, ܲܲǡ
Ƿʻȥ, ޿һᣬȻС
Ϊ̫Զֻ, ʮ, Ҳδܹμ⡣
ĳڻ֪Լһ㣬ѰӻҪ΢һЩƽΪԼȻȲʢ, ѰӦǲġ
Լʵˮƽ֪ûе
ο, Ҳرμ⡣
ʦҲûر, ʦƽɤ, ָŽϵͼ, ֻҪԱͺ, Ǳץץȥ
Ѧ;ҹ߾ͺץסԭƺʢǶûа취Ŀ
ǶӺ󣬡ƽһ£Է޵ûΪģֻҪܱ󲻶ӲӾͺˡ
ԼݷǳǡԹԵصͷ
ûǲҪǸ
޿Ŷ꣬ƺ˵ԼԼеڵͬ
ϵУ޾ǰӣֹ󣬻ˣű۸
Ϊ˶ž󻼣ѡֱӰΪᵽμ⡣
ޣǲ뱻ץץȥΪҪᡣ
ĺ۰ƽѹһ䣬϶ûأַǳִ
ƤӶҪĥҲ˵
ƽǲ˵ˣҲˣԼϣ˯ţȥȥޡ
ϻкüۣЩ֮ǰˣЩҩȪĿµģûпҲûȥ
ƽϷȥ˯ţƺҲûб£һֱԱš
ʲô˷޺üۣʵʦ𡭡ǰΪҪʦ֡
ʢǸƺ«Ը˵˵ôػȥһ̶ԸϢ
˴ޣȻ÷
ǳͷҲӦиȰʢϴĿĵı޺ۣǿűۡҲ󲻳ʢ᷸ʲôصĹ
ʢһعء
޲û˵ˡԼ󴦵ĺߣſһСᣬرˣо˾ƣ
ϵܿ˯ȥǳһֻﻹץŽ˯˵Ϻãܰ϶˼ޣ˼ֻá
飬ĿڴϵϣžһƬ볤Ϊһ塣
Ψϵʻġ
ƽôһ˯ʱ䣬ѾǰҹˣϻָЩǻǲˡ
ʱƫѾûˣӦԼ̵֮ǰЩס
ֻȥϵС˵ķڽ䣬СͷҲڷŵĺʱ࿴һۣ涼Сͼ
޻׼ЩѶˣȷԼֻϴĵطͲܡ
˵ڲһӰ
ʦ𣬵Ȼȥˡ
ֻӳһĨӰûпڣӦʵ˼ƽ뿪
ȥʱҹɫѾǳˣԺһЩ룬Լߣ·ϻտܻҪ
Ҫճ֮ʹ˶е衣
ƽһ·ͨҲأʵûߵ·תĴԾܲ׷֣ǿʢ䡣
볤ǺԶȴЩ룬ƽէһûпǺܿ췢ӰϤ
걧վţӰȥƧ
ʦ֡
ƽôһͣҹ֪ʢܲ
ӰеӰһ£ʢתͷĿ˶٣ˡ
ʦ֣Ϊλ
ʢ⣬ʢҹʲô
ʦʡʢĿϣЩȻҿƫʦ㡣
ԭǵƽежĬĬ룬ʢ䲻һֱɣ
е㲻˼֪ʢһֱ𷣵ûСʦҩأҩιȥˡ
ƽԼָ֣⻹ںţһƤǱһҩȪﱻƵһֱûȥ
ʵ̫ˣСֹʦҪչȥ
ʵҩ˲һӣֱιȥˡ
ƽҲûб˿ߣʢԸ͸һЩɤҲˣɤԵ͡
ʦ飬ҲӦ
ʢס󣬴ƳĺӡЩˣΪβʦ𿴡
ƽϲԸ⣬Ǹ޿޿϶Ϊˣ˼ӱܡ
ʦ뿴ôῴ
ֹϣҲ࣬ƽɫʦһֱڵң
ԭ˯ʱͲ֪࣬ʢʲôʱģҪȥʱˡ
ʢ䡰šһȻȥ
һǰһţʢǰ棬󴦵ĺãƽߵеʢ䡣
ʦ֣ҪȻȥɡ
ƽе㲻˼һ߻ȥͿԡ
ˣǰ경΢΢ͣ٣˽ŲȻû㶪һ˻ȥ
ƽϻкü۵ģصԼԺӣزƽﲻ·㳤վøߡ
ûȫָûʲôߵԽԽڵԺӻһξʱʢǰ
ƽײʢϣһʱ֮ûзӦ֪ʢҪʲô
ѽŵһߣ΢΢ɤ䣬
Ҫ˼
ƽȷʵߵĺۣƽƤĶãò˼
ʦ֣߻ȥͿԡ
ɻǵãʢ䱳ˡ
ʢָų¡
ߵ̫ˡ
ԭߵƽôӦһЩǲôԸ⣬ԭصʦ֣㱳ϻˡ
ʢ䵭˵һ顰һСᣬĪʢǶſʢıϡ
ʢǳ÷㣬ſȥ֮㱳ˡ
ʢĲӣ˿ʢ䷢˿ƫɫְףɫһ˪ǳܺÿ
ʢ䱳ȥСصʢ˿ڣʵʦ֣֮ǰͿҩ𡣡
Ĭԣšһ̵ػشˡ
ƽ㱻žͲˣвסʢķ˿ʺʢ壬˿ȴô
ûס࣬ʢߵʦ֣ͷúÿ
ġ
ƽϲϲԼԿǡ
⣬ϵɤź棬ָޱ߲ȥĶ
ʢֻܿҵ֣⻹ƽһ˿İ׷ÿ
ΪòԣĽĽȴû˿׷
Ͼı־
ûлش⣬ޱߵͷɤĽ
ʦ֣Ҳһͺˡ
ƽɫúÿʢҲҪɫ
ͺܲǣ˵ұɺʦһû˸ץˡ
ʢ䣺

*
лҪ˵
ࣺͷԽǳԽ


 26  ȻҾ͸ߴңδ
ʢ鲻ԽԺһ, ǱɸһС˶ɫ֪᲻һ䡣
ûлش𣬱ϵԴ𣬱ĲҶ
ƽʢߵЩ, Ϊʢ˿ڣǰЩ, ԹԵı겻Ҷˡ
ߵĵƸߣ쿴ҲƽܹԶʢ, ʵ, ʦ֣Ҫȥ𡣡
ʢӦһЩ, ſʢıС, ңҺһ𡣡
ﳤϽ̵ҶôᣬʦֿԲԽ̽ҡ
ƽ, ʦ̫û, Ӧʦյĵӡ
ȻûرֻһԶ޳, úùԼС, Ѿ˶ȥˡ
⼸գԺúϢ, ʢ䣬еܵ, ϻкܶ, ż
Ȱá
ƽӦһ, Ժظоʢ䱳ԼԺӣϤĵطʢ
ҩ˯
ڶѾˣƽƤӶСһ䣬ԼûԼ˵ʲôƺʢ
ҲջҪȥʦ
ղҩջۡ
ʢ俴ϵ꣬·ûͷһ㣬һմŴͲԸˣûˣ걧űӱת
ûһᣬת˻ƺˡ֣ۡ۾գգ
Ȼ˳
ʢ俴ˣҪҩ˼
ӻóҩƿԭҪ͹ģҩ֭Ǵʦﻻģ˵ܹεʱˡ
ƽоԼסÿ˶Ӱǰ󣬰Ѻںҩ֭һͿ
Էָ΢ʢüۣ޵üۣʱͷҩ鿴ʮ档
ʦá
ôţ֪Լ˳˵˳Ͳţ궯΢˶١
ӳʢĲʢҲûôá
ۣ
ƽ֮ǰʢǰѹ·ҲʲôԼ·ˣǵʢ˵ģֻ¶һ߳
Ƥף֫ϸ϶ദӡҩȪġ֮ǰҹذ׵ֳһ࣬⼸ײѾˡ
ƽԼֻһ·ʢҩҩ֭ƤϣҩȪݳʹе
Ƥʶر㣬оеϴҩʱֻͿͿλҪ࿪ΪҩȪҩ֭ѾƤ档
ʢָƤĺ࿪ʱƽ̵ض㿪ʢָ⣬ʢڿŲ˻ȥ
ʦ֣
ܲ㡣
ôһ࣬־˺ܶ࣬ʢָ⣬ʢ˵ˣʢûʲôӦֻͷҩʲôһ㡣
ʢ䣺Ҫ࿪Ȼջۡ
ƽۣ˵ʢˣǻ̲סض㣬֫ڸŲںҩ֭ڼ࿪ҩ֭ΪҶһߣץסһʢ½ǡ
ʦ֡
Сغһ䣬Էı䵭ûб仯ҩ֭ʢһ֡
ʢ»꣬ʢæʢ䲻֡

ͷ΢Ҳܹһʢ䣬Ȼʢ䣬ǻĪеš
Ҳǹġ
ָץŽʢģֿƲס㣬ܾùֵֹģ֣ʶر㡣
ʢ䣺а취
ƽʢʲô취һ룬󴦵ĺ΢˶߲ϵ쳤ֻһ𣬲ת˲֮䣬˱Ŷá

ʢ󴦻źߣ΢£һᣬָһºߡ
㣬㲻Ҷˡ
ƽֻ첲ٹͷ󽻵߲һ𣬺߷ǳһ㶼ۣƣȫûз֮
ƽʢûжߣ֪Ǵѧģúô
ƽе죬֪ĻǱģܾʢǹģǿʢһȻģ˿ʲôԡ
߲ģֻز˲ƺ׽ŪοƵ
Уʦ֣ɿҡ
ƽеըëߣΪԭ¸Щ¶˸ļദƤ¶ȥ߲һƬ
ɿ㣬Ҷ
ʢָմҩ֭˹ذָҩ֭ɾȻȡһЩ°ϵҩ
ʱȫˣõúܣȥǺʦ֡Ȼǡʮʦ֡Ȼǡʢ䡱ԽԽˡ
ƽͲϹһȦˣԭעںϣֱʢͿҩ֭ע˼ȫôˡ
ڱסȫ㲻ʢʱ˶ˣ˵غ˺üʢ䡱С졣
ʦ֣㲻Ҫװû
ʢ䡪
ԭΪʢ۸Ǹȴôﻹȥҷ޸״־ʢǰŰĴ򣬿϶ۡ
ʶرãһѳ
ţͻȻ֮䣬ʢָⴥƤմҩ֭Щ⣬оһĪĸоӺʶر
ƽʶر㿪ˣԷָ⻹ǲ䵽ˣ˳źһƬĸоδȥԼŬسŲŲ
ʦ֣ˡ
ɿңһԼ
ôˣ㡢Ȼȥɡ
Ϊţ˵ɤñƽŴ֣ں󣬻Ƿǳ˵֡
ʢ俴ϵ꣬ӶӺһƬԭﲻˣڱ˼ֲڣŷۡ
ĿֿԼָ⣬˼Ȼϡ
ɤż䵭

ƽʵ࣬ʶر㷴ûС
ϷȣÿҲ֪Լһܺ죬ȻʢҲһֱ
˵ûУʢû˵ʲôǼͷİҩûˡ
ԭû˵ЩŹ֣ҪΣʢʢûʲô顣
ʲôʱʢ䶼ʮ侲ֻһ˽š
㲻ˣҲԼϻкߣĪЩˣʢ۸Ϊֻһըë
ʢ⿪ʱԷ°·ϸϵá
ʦ֣㲻ƽ
ƽʢϵ´ָ޳ϵĽֺÿϵĺÿˡ
ֻߣ԰ȴʲôҲ
ʢ䡰šһȷʵƽ
ƽ˵ӦЩѻˣȥǵңǲӦҲһ¡
ʢػ˶٣㣬ΪҶ
ǶȥʲôʱǺܻڡյһǣӦû費ģû뵽ôá
Ϊĺ㣬Ҳһ
ƽ˵űֱֻ֣סʢĲӣָʢ䣬ʢ޷Ӧ
ָⴥʢƤĴָĺᣬʢޱؿ
ƽĪо˼Σգеˣջ֡ܿʶôˣȻԺʢ˵ôߣú۸
˼֣ʢߣڷȣСؾ
Ժ㲻׼ûҡ
ʢ䴹Ӧһɤ䶯
ϴ˵Գ⡣
ֲƽЩˣָһʢ䣬ʢסʢ䲻׼Ҷ
´ҪҵȻ
ʢ侲صġ
ƽе㿨ǣȻô죬Ҳвʢ䡣
Ȼʢ䣬װвȻҾ͸ߴңδ򡣡


 27  ҹԽˣ
˵δ, ĪЩ߳ܡܿҡҡͷȻǿ϶˵ģвʢ, ҪҲӦʢ⡣
Ͼʢһвˣ׼˵ǵĹϵ
ʢ俴һ, šһ´Σȥˣδ򡣡
в, ǿʢô̲, ܾúûʲôãƽЩˣҲûʲôİ취
ǿ, òҪһΡ
ʢû˵, ͷϵ´
ȵʢɿԭǰǰ, , ʢøߣҩ֭һߡ
⼸úϢ, ȥ, ʦҪҩأúõظ˵
ʢָ󴦵Ƥ, ˸
˵껹վԭأֿһ, šһ, ʢŵ, һȥˡ
شǲǾͲˣƽ뿪Ӱ룬űϣܿ㿴Ӱˡ
ϻ϶Ǻںҩ֭ĺҩ֭Ѿ࿪ƽôһᣬһˣܿ˯˹ȥ
˯ǰν⿪
ļ죬ÿÿΣ鶼쳣ؽţ·ٴȥǡ
ȻûٴһûйȥҲû֮ûд㲻ȥ
һֻ۱һֻֻۣǴŹﻹһЩģϾǰջδɿڹ
ÿÿζŵʱֻҪſûз䣬ǰȫġ
˺üգûеȵ޵Ĵʢȥˡ
ƽ
Ҳ磬Щ⣬˺üûмˡΪɲǵʱƷĵӶƺ󣬾˵ǰŻġ
ûм裬û̹ȥԭָʢһὣʱ˲Źȥ
ƽûҪȥﻹ˽һӣŽȥˣ˲ʢ䣬عȥ˾衣
ǰģüնûұȥʦֵġ
ǰҹģŹΪ˵ˣԭɲǵʱڵ㣬ȥ㣬ʦ˵ǰˡ
ûʲô¡
˱߱˵ƽץסص㣬Ϊλˣƺ˳𡣡
ĪƤԼԼƤﰲοԼӦóʲô£ܾܲҹҲԽ˰ɡ
ҹԽ˰ɡ˳˵
ƽﲢţžֹЩš
Խˣ
ҡҡͷԽûС˸ѾҹȥǣһͬС
û͵ǡҹߵĲڳѾҹ߾ˡ
ƽ
ԺĪҹ߱ץ֮ǰ˵ĻоһͷƤ顣
ˡ
ҹʮּǳԺץɲֹ˯ذҪôˡ
ƽı仯̫ԣ˶е겻ᣬվԭǽӲһʯһֱķѡ
㲻̫ģ迴ˣοҹԭˣӳȥҲ˲࣬ʱڿ϶û취˷ˡ
ʦֻʦ𣬾ҹ߲Ҷô
⻰ǴοˣΪϴʢ䣬Ǳץˡڷޣֲһɽ
ˣһ¡迴һ󣬷Զʢ䲻֪ʱڿˣȻֲоವġ
ƽչȥҪ֪ʲôܸ𺳵ϢԴһСֹ
֮ǰҪν⿪ɲ˳ˡ
ʾϢϢģı֪Ķ࣬ʲô𲻳ģѾϰ߻ȥ
ļٵģƽ˲伤ǸϢ
ѵķϣʮʯ
賯֣ƽ۸Ҳ̱ȥʯʯ󴦵ĺ߶˶
ĳקźߣק뾰ԶЩ
ƽŤͷһۣ˲Զʢ䣬Լߵʱ˸ʢ˵
һᣬȥʦ˵һ
ƽ轻һ䣬ȥʢǱߣʢʦ֣л˵ᵢ̫á
Ϣʢʡ
ƽͷ
ʢ俴һԶǵľ裬ʵʯ
ʮ顣
ô֣оһĿ⣬Զ껹ܸˣԼʦ˵۸ܱˡ
ƽƽǮִţȻ֪ʾϢҲϢԼ֪ǳ۸񶼲һ
øô࣬ʢܴϢڷЩҲܴ
ʲôرֵǮϢ
ƽŶһʢȻƭ֪ԼǱˣȥ˾Աߣһ۾衣
ҲеΣСϢҺò״ģˣҲǮˣԺ㲻׼ȥʦָ״
ʢĿţҲҪСӵǮǷųߵ㡣
ûи״ƽûзܿľ費Ǯˣʶرô˾һ䡣
á
仰ʱʢôǶ߾ΪʢҪǰȥΪ伮
ʢŲ΢ͣһ£߹ȥܿԶˡ
˶ûע⵽ƽľã֪Сһ˾ͻỨʱҲûеһ£Ǹ
ȻˣϾѡ
ƽ˵˵ܽ⿪
һ·˽˾ԣ˶еûзӦ
Ϻܿˣƽջ˼ʼϽΣֱÿΣпշʼ뾰˵Ļ
νڻϣζעһֻҪమͻȻȻĽ⿪
ôҪ⿪ϻԵ˳׶ҹ֮ͨᱻ⿪
˶ǳأһϲȻԸԷм֮ףûǣֻ˵ܹϵжϡ
ŻܽӴжϣܽӴֻз֮Ż¡ֻǱֱ㲻УΪѰֵ֮Ҳӵ볤ֹ֮ػ
ʲô˼
˼ֻз޲¡ȴǿʼãƭǻֻҪ˯һܽ⿪ˡ
ƭŻ󡭡˯һܽ⿪
ƭʢ䡭ֻҪʢ˯һܽ⿪
ƽ͵ΣڿˣÿεʱҲϽΣϿ˳࣬ÿϱ
ʲôʱ˿ƽһعҪɹĶࡣ
ƽںÿѾˣջ˼˳ǰ
ʢ˵նˣ
ƽͷϲҪ伮ɣ伮Ҳ£ˣǵס
Ļƽƽ档
ܴ󣬡Ͽһóһ˳Կǡ
Ŭ
ǽĳƷĳΣγƽϲĵӣģϲģᾭѵӵ̿
ƽԿǣЩûзӦֱˣſģһֽǡ
ʦ֣γϸǡ̯ĸʢ俴һ߸ʢ˵һĲɣʢhϡ
ֻз֮¡ǿʼ
ƽߴʢüۣһ£ͦı걥ÿĺ촽ϡ
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ɲǣĳֱӡ
ǰվаһ£ٴνϣ˶ࡣ
ɲĵĵԱߣһ۵ӣһ죬мʲݵĴ֣֪ĸ֣컹ĥ˱ߣǽƭӡ
Եһɵ»ۣڽѾĥûˣ˸ǷҲȷʵǽƭӡ
ԼӣеĻ⼸ճû⣬ɲҲ˼ˡ
ǶǰǰɵӾͺˣ˵˵ӣΪ档
⿪ôףȫſںοڻϣδš
ջ˼ιƮԶƵɽ֡
ʦһͽܣ֪ʲôʱܻȥ

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лҪ˵
ǰһʯ۸ˣҲӰ
ҹߣڴ´μ
ࣺ군




 28  Ҳ
ƽ͵͵, ܿʢϣ͵ץЩ, ջߡ
һȥγϸǳ, ˿˿ڴ֮ӡ
ƽһᶼҪһۣʢֳʢĴ
еᣬܾþڿⲻ൱ȥʢ, һ, ûн⣬ʱν͡
ԭдʢΪԼĹ˶зǷ֮١ԭʢԸΪˡʦֵ, Ҳûб˼
Ǳſ˼ʢ, ʢֱܻһˣʦֵܶû
ƽȥҲû, ·ײ, Աһֻקס
·ʢ΢šü
£
ƽʶسʢ, ŵʢϵ÷, ڵرܿˣû, лʦ֡
˸ԻԼԺӣһξ, Լ濴һɫӰ, Ƥ鲻Խ
, ˺õĲˣޱɷǲʱ䣿
䲻֪˶ãһɫۻݱСӣ롣
һĸ֣ƽͷƤ飬վԭûʷʦҹȥΪ˺£
ҲǰСˣûСӹȥС˺õĲˣȻҪǡ
ô֪ʲôʱõģţȴʳΪȷʵõĲˡ
ϵ˶춺۶һЩûмѪѪҲõķǳ죬ڶձʧ
ƽôԸءŶһŤͷһʢķ򣬷ʢҲڿߡȥʢԼԺӡ
Сӣɡ
֪ǲǴܾ÷Щֹȴʲôû˵
ƽڷ󣬷䲻˵Ҳʡϴǵ£һιȥܿÿζιȥ
ܿ쵽˳һ졣ƫڿţ޲ڣҲˣһԥֱӱ̤ƫ
ʦ𣿡ƽһҩȪԱ߿ˣ޳Ŀϡ
ޣ˺õˡ
ˣƽһСŹཹðݵҩȪʵʦһҪҩȪ𡣡
ҩȪֻǵһޣҪķһΪǡ
ۣƽֿһҩȪԷ޵ʦϴҩȪˡ
ǽٽô졣
ޣһʱˡ
ǲɹʲôá
ƺʲô޵ֱӦҩȪΪֹ
ƽԷ˼·е΢зģһţҩȪ棬ԥԥؿʼ
ʱԱ߿šǰӣʱھۣҹӳˣ൱ˡ
Ϊ᲻ȥԺѦ;ҹ߸ô죿
ƽԱߵҲصŽŷקˣʶԼϵ˸ᡣ
һЩΣƽϷƽĿ⣬΢򴽣ʦҽⲻ
Ѷϵӣ̵ģǷȥ˵Ѹ·ѵꡣ
ƽʱ䣬ָ⻹ϵһ룬ָ⣬Щ⣬ǰһӰ
վǰޱ߳࣬΢΢ͷ⿪Լϴᡣ
⿪һȫ⿪ˣԷָ࣬ģ΢ͣһᡣ
ƽˣ֮ǰ޸һ壬Ϊûдˡʱ鷳ֲֻڵļɣعࡣ
ʦƽ岻㡣
ôͣ޲δΪۣ²ȥһȥ
ϴֱӱƽϢʱ޻ܣ۶Ҫˡ
ֱƿصĸоܣܵĿܣԱŲԶ㡣
ҩȪˮƺûϴǰˣϷޱĿ⣬һᣬⱲӶûĹôֱӱ̤ȥˡ
ҩȪһ̣ϤʹƤۣҲֻǴۣûʹ
ϴӡ̫ҲûôˣҩȪţţʷޡ
ʦ𣬽Ǽʱ
̤ҩȪԶĵطһʱ
һʱ䡣
ƽʶѣҩȪҩ֭ȷʵûϴôˡǻЩۣյʹ֪
ɫذϤʹϯȫ̽ƤĹҲŴۣʹҡҡ׹
ҩȪվȡ
޽̬۵ףҩȪѾʩ˷ȥƽ֮һʹ㣬ɻǳŲȥ
̫ڽЩ
ƽǿŵһӣͷðͷĺǰӰŵװȵʹ⣬վȡ
ҩȪڣҩȪﱾͲ޲ԶĵطԵܹоһҲûӰ졣
ˣһһһɣϵȼɤѾˡ
Ϊû
ƽԺ·һڸ޻࣬ϴλ˵ҲҪٿޡ
ҪǹȥˣԼԼ
ƽڻпϡ÷ǹģϴζ޲Ų²Ա߿
Ǳ·ڵȥ
ҩȪ޶ߣ޿ƽԷ۵һڵĺܺá
ҩ֭͸͸ƤҩˮԺЩͣɫҲĺ죬ƤϸǱճصĺɫ
Ƥף΢һЩǳԣ¶Ƥ߲һƬȥмֺˡ
ƽ־Եֿʹܿʶرϰطûûеߣ㱻һεĽ絯ˡ
絯Ų£ȵ˼ҩȪǺÿ
ײӲţ˺ü۾ҲˮյĿ嶫˷һѡ
޵ָסĵط̱㲻ˣԷָģǳҩ㣬ܹҩȪʹ
ޱ㲻ˡ
ԺԼ˵Ļ׵Ժ󣬶ҩȪˮµֲֻŷޣԭֻš
ɫܵʱ˼֣㿿δ˵ʲô
ʦ𡭡ƽȿ˿ڣܲˣоǰ˶Ӱ˺öޡ
ʦۣۡܲˡ
ܲҳȥ
ԭֻţҩЧԽԽ˱˷޻ָץŷ޵½ǣڷ޻㲻ˡ
ϸ׵ָ߬˵½ڷɢϸĺΣ˼̧֣д΢ɼ
ƽܿվŵûˣȥ֮ǰסĺȫǿڷ޻
ιȥ֮ǰϡоһ˲ĽӲ

*
лҪ˵
û£ΪҪϼӣ¼Ӻ¡⼸ең¼Ӿͻָÿ21¡




 29  ֮
ƽôһ, ҹԼ÷·Ǹιȥûһˣ֮ġ
Сӣҹ, 㣬δϹۡ
, ԼԺŶ˶ָ⣬ƤĻҩȪĲкۡ
ָ⵹ǲˣֻɻû
ӦЩ, һῴǷ, ػʲôٴҩ
ʦ𡭡һڣɤҲЩ, ʦ˵ġ
صǼһ, ԺʶԸԼʲôһʱ䶼ûȥˡ
СӺúϢһʱﲻùȥ, ҩȪ, ΪС취
ƽǰģһٴ, Ϊ취
ֿΪİ취, 취϶Ҳۡ
ڴ齱߿, Ϊһˮˮɷ˹, ӱð
𾭳ΪСӷ, СĪýʧǡ
ƽл, Լ˹Ȳڣ֮ɤûôˡ
֪ˣͷʦл
ûлظѾûд󰭣κܿԭʧȥ޻ˡ
Լȥ裬ô˵ʱǲùȥˣʱԷġ

ƫԺλϵˣڰǳ
СӵĸǣȷʵЩ˵Ӧ
ƽ֪뵽ʲôڵһȥһ˽£Ҳڵӣʮչ˺
ŷҪ뿪ʶرڵϣ򲻿ɣΪ˴£ȥҲ޷
޶ûиıĵþûлظڵϺһᣬ̧ͷѾûӰ
еü۵ʹϢ
Դӷ޲ƽȥƽÿչ÷ǳϽΣÿ˺;ȥ棬ϻᾭֽǡ
ʱ򻹻˶
ǧǰֵļλܣشҲŹһλǷĽ
λɾΪ׷⣬ڡ
ɾǧǰѾ䣬ڶչزġֻʣ³
潲ŵʷƽŵ伮ϻ񣬿ڵ伮ϵĶ˵ٸȫϲĸǷޡ
;һˣһ˵伮ͬһҳ
ҲڿԱ߻ע⣬ƺĺ档
񼸺һģһ֪ڳɶ迴ŵһ˰죬Ȼִһ
ƽװ֪ϻһѵأֲã޿϶ֻϿθ轲С
û裬ִ£ǿȥ˵С
ʲô
ָָһĵطģ壬ȥһСӰ
п룬λһ
ƽԴչȥվӣȻ֪ԼС룬˳ſȥܿջߡ
ʲôҲ塣
һڿء
ڳÿοƽоԼڳһ׳磬ÿжŴȰ
ÿεʱ򣬳ϲûߣǹһϢ
ջؾˣ˴ǧַ޳ǣһ飬ӣĵӶҪμӡ
ߵĽҪ޽ĵӣģҩ޵ȵӣĵӶμӣôȫǿ
ĵÿһضпˣؾڷ⾳ڣؾǶǰʲôΣգֻ񲢲ס
ÿؾ˵ĿͬͨÿһҲһ겻ɿˣô°껹Ҫ²μһΡ
ƽƺǵԭôһξ飬ܶ࣬ʢƺؾٴαѦǿȣѦʢҵҩʢЩ߻ħ
أԭǳѪʢ䶨ǳãûѦԸѦΪʢݶͣضʢϲ˰
ԭļƱʲôöǺ涼Ϊϲʢ䣬ظı䣬Ϊʢˡ
ԭѾˣѾֵҰѦҲͲڷ⡣
һ鰡ʰ˵伮ϣʱܺ˷ֵһ飬Ȼ겻Ҫٿˡ
һͳˡ
ƽ˳Ȼϣʢֵһ飬ϴ˾ϢһֱûԹء
ƽûкʢܵȲ˵ԸԸ⣬ֻܽӴؽ⿪ʱҪôأ
ƽòӦô࣬ÿΣʢ⣬ȥʢһߡ
˲˳·ΪʢҪȥƷһˣƽԼӦ׻
ʦ֡ƽɤӣԵ꣬ʢĵ½Զ棬Ӷޡ
ʢ̧֯ԣ̽ʦ֣⡣
֮ǰ˵δǰɽ.˿ڲѵ£Ҫ.£Σ
ƽίؾٸӣðʢıس̶ȣѶòͳԸΪ⿪
ǰ㣬֮ǰȥڳƫ
ʢ۽һӰ˼֣ʦҪ.¸
ʦ֣ƽһ£֪ʢô뵽ЩˣΪе졣
ȻûС
ʦ֣˵ʲôأΪҪ.¸ʦ𿴡
ʢ㲻˵ˣϢҲ˼֡
ƽﳤн磬ƽ֮лǲ˿̽㲻˿̽κζ
Խ걻ԼʦڻԽ롣
ƽƺ«ֲ˵ˣʢ̵ۣʣ磬˵簡ʦ֣˶ţҲܿжڻӰ죬ֻкһһ²ܽⶾ
˵е㲻˼ԼˣԸΪ˽ⶾһ𡣡
ƽĬĬȻСҪֻ׵ĻǺʢ䣬һҲûʲô
˵ųһʢ䣬ʢޱؿ
ʢ䣺ЩС˶ѧģ
С˶Ϻö־飬˹زֻпһܽӴܻʱоۡùѪޣֵԼ˾Ͳһˡ
οԷʢ䣬ʢһԼĵ壬ԼΪ顣
ƽǣʦֻ֣ʡ
ʢ䲻ˣûвأС˶ʲôϵ
ˡƽʢߵı죬СԹһ䣬קסʢӣקһ㣬ʢô졣
ǹغ֮Ĵ¡
ȿʢԸԸ⡣
ָϸȳƣקһڴۣʢͣ΢΢ǰ꣬ɤ䡣
ԸԸ⡭Ϊ˽ⶾһ֮£
ƽôţоЩڣʢκģôôģವġ
Ҳᣬʢ˼֣ɤҲ֮¡
жҲС


 30  ʦ
ƽʢЩ, ΪжҲУϴʢ䱻Ѧҩ׹أȻҲб˵ԭ
ôʢ϶Ըˡ
п޵ءŶһǻش, ˰ߴġ
ʢƽٿһЩС˶顣
ˣԱߵ̱ըë, ؿߣԵĲԸ⡣
ʢ仰˶٣䵭ظ˿ڣҪЩõġ
ʲôв, ʲôֽкáƽʡ
ʵʢ俴ǲ, ˵С˶϶ۣ΢ϲС˶ܡ
ϴڲ󿴵, ǲá
ʲôкͺ꾫, һ㲻飬̻С˶
Ǵ⣬ַġ
ôһ, ƽֻ, ʱкͺһˣľ鲻֪ʲô
һῴ, رܵľ, кͺǱȻ߶ȴ󣬵Ǿ黹, ͦȤġ
ʢû˵ʲôҪֱ, Ҫس޷, ʢҪȥƷ塣
վű, ʢһᣬ˵˾䡰ʦټȥһ߳޷ķ
ûע⵽ʢԭվ˺һᡣ
˼ûӸոƮʢҲûЩʳʲôʢԵĲԸ⣬еҪ·ŷţΪؾˡ
Ʒ幫Ʒŷƾڵ壬֪Լ˭ֵһ𣬺ȥˡ
ӶҪȥʢҲڣÿ˷һƣ̵зĽɻƣǵӵ֣»ѵ֡
ƽȥʢƣõ˱㷭˸棬ǼӴֵֵ֡ġ
һһЩϣҹʡ
ҹʶȻЩźûʢֵһ𣬵ǺʦһҲʦֵΪܸߡ
Ⱥп˾裬־Ҳƣ賯˻֣ԼƱȥˡ
ߵӺܶ࣬һˮĶǷĵۣĵкڰɫƽɫӶ࣬ɫһЩ
дɫ۵ģͬĽɫƣ࿴ۣŤͷʱ۽ɨһǺɫۣһĽ
··ߴһͳЦɤŤͷԼסǰ˲֪ʲôʱðġ
ոջڣֲϹӣԼðİɡ
ǰһɫۣĲüۣЩаֻĿǷݾĪ˼֣ȥòƽƽʲ
ʶرԱߵĵӶײˣǷײˡ
ΪϴξҹӰܾһѵĲģ̫ˡ
л
ʶܿ߾ˣž裬ȥ˾
Զͺߣ΢ɼͣһ£΢šüȻܿջߡ
ʢע⵽Ҳ˳ſȥĿⱻԶıûע⵽Ǳߡ
ʦܣǰ漸ʦʦ㡭̫һ
˼Ӧǽյһͽˡ
ʢ侲û˵ΪηΣһǳ֮¡
Ҳӣش𣬱ʦǰ뿪˳˵Ҫȥ£˷˺ܴĻ𡣡
Ӷ֪ţǷ̤ͨÿһγŶһǳ¡
һ̤ƽʱ
ʢָ΢Զ꣬һϴ壬Ƿ޸ģѰӿʲô伮֪Ǻ
£ơʱаɽõһϹ񡣴ϴܹʱ֪λãܸ֪Է
ˣǷޡ
Ѿǧǰ飬ڷ⡢ʱΪ񣬻޴ԡ˵ԭǷҪ͸ɾġ
ȴʦ
ʦ֪ģҹң㣬ƽϲżŻϵϡ
û顣
ƽ˻࿴ԷƣҲŵԼʦʦ֡
Ȼʦһ𡣡ҪĽˣܻܲ
ƽԼ뾰Զ㣬ȻԸˣʦ֣ȻҲŲԸ㻻
ðɣҿһ˭
ƽִչҲʶǸҹʵĵӡ
ҹʣˣǸڽϷģҶйӡųɽöʯְ£ŸǷĵӴ˺üμܣƽڽϷڱ̫á
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ֻһȥӦʲô
˵ʢϵãӦûչ㣬㲻صġ
ƽԼչԼҲһҪչˡ
һʱ䶼ڼؾﲻʲôΣգʺȥʵսȥԣץͷ޻ޡ
ǱԻȥˣƽûеʢ䣬ʢ仹ҪƷæþãֲڣһԺš
ؾһ죬ʢԺӣΪ֪ҪʲôĶƽļ
˽֮⣬еĺҹ飬ı㲻֪ˡ
ʢ飬͹ԹԵ齱ߣܹҲûüһǳɫСǷ޸ġ
ȥ޳ǣҪ׼.Ƥߣûȥ죿
ƽЩ⣬Ҫ׼.Ƥߣ
ǵóû˵ֻ˵ҹǳõģǶһЩľһЩҩͱٹȵ
ʢû˵ÿ鷢һƽһȻһأ.ƤǱرģû뵽ûн¸ʦܡ
֪ʲô
ƽеΣҡҡͷ˵Ҫв֪ʦҲ˵ؾʱ֪ˡ
ʦ֣˵ҪҰæҵűǡ
ƽ˵򴽣ңԲǰ
ͨǰÿģȻؾȫûʱ׼
ʢ֪һǱȽ˳ӣһؾȻʲôǸҪ֪ͨӡʦ־Ȼûи
㣬ƽûд.Ƥߣؾᱻ̭
üۣϾҪȥɽˣвʱ

ƽԼĶװˣΪʰʢ䳶˳ߣȥ֮㱻סˡ
ʦ֣Լߡ
ʢмӣеˣ뱻ʢǣţʢܿɿ
Ҫȥɽ
ƽоʢƺЩˣ񶼲֪е㲻˼קסʢһۡ
˼֣ʢһģˡ
ʦ֣Ϊؾ֪ȥ.ƤߣӦü
˵ţСһ䣬.Ƥǽȥ֮ǰҪ𡣡
Ժġ
ʢ䴽΢ͣŸꡣ
γ۵״Щ˼Ǳ֪ԼΪԼ鷳
㲻㣬ʢ俪˿ڣɤ䵭дżֽӲҲ㣬²¡
δҲδ֪ͨ㣬Ĳԡ
ˣǰЩסˣ漴ڵ۵״ЩЦ⣬˻ֳ˹
˱
ʦãƽежʢԴ˲䣬קסʢİ׷϶ðģһΪʦֻҡ
ʢȻҲûж͡
ܣֲúöϲ
ƽճһճʢϣע⵽ÿʢ䣬ʢ䶼ԭضһ£ú棬ʢ䡣
ôһ䣬ʢ嶼Ӳˣָⲻ֪ƿָϣȴֲˡ
һڸжðݣһѣͻȻԶһ
ƽ˳ſȥһϤĺӰ
䲻֪ʲôʱģϴ𾪣˱һĶĵˡ


 31  غβ
ƽҲ֪ؾò, ˷ޣǷ֪ʢ§§ֻѵͳ
̱ɿ, ķ޷Ź棬ʢԶЩ, ֵһ̣ʢϢЩ
ҵģƽ·ǹͶģõж
仹ûлع, Ŀ⻹ͣ, ʵûдŵλСӰɡ
㲻Ҫᣬƽ˷ƽϲں, ظ, ҷ̫ˣûסʦϣ˾
, ЩԾ, ƽֲϣϲʦ
ʦ֡, ûдϱ, ʢսָ΢˶Ϣûôˡ
СӻעһЩ, Ƕֹܣۡ
Ķƽ, , ԭȽ𽻴, СӵƤֱ.Ƥߣ˵ġ
˵ţֲźۼش꣬Ǹ߽ʢʮֵȥѲƤ
ԭΪƽ˹֪֪Լʦ֡鷳˷޵Ƥܲˣ˵ߡ
ͷˣƽЩģӹ߱ſʷʦʱ
Ҫؾץֻ޳ޣ߷ޣŬ
ԲҪΪѰΪİ취ˡ
ȥ£գ£̫á
ƽŶһѾ˾Ҫؾ˳ץޣڻǲҪ߷ˣȻûץĻΡ
Ѿ͵ȴû뿪ƽˣлʢ˵
ƽűעԱߵľͷˣʢ䣬ʦ֣ǰ㡣
뿪ԭֻʣҲʢ䣬ǰǸɵӣƭסǰɲǡ
ʮδͬ˵Ҳĳίպʮٲ㣬㲻Ҫš
ʦֵܡ
Ҳֻʦֵܣϣʢܹպ߶ȡ
˼ѾǳˣƽǶ˭࣬ûûεĲϣʢ˼أײй
ʦ˼ʢʡ
ҡҡͷʢǽ˼ܿСʮߣܽСʮΣϣ֪𲻻׽ˡ
ǷǳֱˣֵοдδĪŮ鳤ҡȻ㲻λĶ֡
仰ˣԭʧԭֻʣʢһˡ
Ҷ΢ҡΣʢ£ںδ˽̵ҪعءҪ沨ҪϵΪǿӺܾǰӡĹҪֻ£Լĵ壬ԼǿΪĸ
Զǰ㣬޾Щš
ƽߵʢ䣬ѾˣʵûʲôÿģһƤҲû٣ź˵Ƥ࣬ϸⶫʲôġ
ʦ֣ͷʢ仹վţӰ߹ȥѧʢ֮ǰǰסʢ
ˣûжʱˡ
ʢһЩƽﶼʢչôǣʢߣǣŵܵܵĸоǵܱܵӸߡ
Ҳʢûһϳ˺ɿˡ
ʦ֣Ҫ.Ƥȥ𡣡
ʢ䣺ȥ֮֮˵
ƽŶһʶ˻࣬ʢ˵˲ٻʢ侲ţżظһ䡣
˵ɽʱ򣬵ѾĲˣҲһЩûйƽеһӣҹʡ
ǴæˣΪſصĵӣʲô¶Ҫͣ˹ˣǳʱ䣬صС񶼽ʢ䡣
ƽ񣬵ʢһΪˣʢ䵭һôˡ
ЦдЩΣǰ̫æˣ˵һ͹ȥˣֻߵ£
´βˣ䣬ĪҪǹҡ
ԭΪֻǳ谮СͽܣڿʢԴԼʦ̬ܵҲһ㣬ϴɲǻ굱նء
޷ʢ˵ﲹһ䣬´ˡ
ƽһ˵ڴ˳ſȥ¶һº͵΢Це㲻˼ֵͷȥȥˡ
޳аݣһŵķķаҪжϣ֮⣬ÿ˶ҪռһƬ
ռʧܡ
޳ؾԭ˵ʱЩݲͬҲһеǽǲ׼͸¶ϢζͬŲ׻ﻥ
һĻϲһ£ܲҲһ£ܶһ
ʢĿаϣ˼ֿĬһغβͣҪõ˷ˡ
ʲôݣҲ߱ԵԣҪǵЩԶؾЧӦıܡ
ƽκģԿǱһ£ʢһȥġ
ȥ֮ģ.Ƥߣ̴ϡ
ƽŶһҪؾʱˣÿӶһƣԭؿʢˣ۰Ͱ͵ջĿ⡣
쵽ʱˣҹʻûй࿴˼ۣвһӵʱˡ
ƽͲϤ˴һ𣬱Ƚϰ˶һۣϤĴźɫ۵꣬ǰײǸ
û˯ѣģżʲôҲû׼ƺҲûд.Ƥߡ
ƽǶ࿴һۣҹʳڵ۵״ЩȻЦˡ
ĪоͷƤ飬ŤͷҿˣǱ߿һ㣬뱳ĺԶ㡣
ؾȻûΣգǲɱⷢ⣬Ƽ̷ء
ϵĻˣϵâƽоһ޴ǰһƬհףȻ˶˹ȥ
۵ʱѾһط
ƽۣ۵ʱǰЩģԴҲεģ˺֡
ֱƣһؾ۽ǰ
ʦ֣֪ǲǴܾʦֵ۾䳤ˣЦеġ
ʮߡ㡭
Ļסˣԭûп壬ڿģɤ΢Щǡ
ôˣ
ƽƽܿҲʲôָһϣԼԴĶ
ë޵ģĶ
ʦܣ⡭
ֹ
ǵؾﶼģƽע⵽˲Զкӣվ˺ӱߣܾıӰЩŹ֡
ӱߵˮγεƽˮ￴һϤա
ӳˮϣ˵òһ˫۾ԲЩԴ϶ֻɫĶ䣬Ŷ΢ĶƤǱոףѩϿİɽ衣
Լӣƽ̱ˣˣˮӳҲˣһ˫۾ǺˮβģҲ֧ˡ
ƽеѪô£˵õаΪʲô
ʢ˵Ļغβ͡غβ͡
вŵͷֳָһȥȻ󡭡һë޵Ķ
ƽ


 32  קβ
ں, Լ֪ô£а岻ͬ, ؾݶɣΪ, ͨ¡Ե
ί˵ƽΪ̫ˣζļѡ
ǰԻͼаֻ鶯۾׾ϸһĨ, ȥ̬䡣ʱɴһ˫, Լβͣǳʻ
ȥǻԸţ̫, Щ
ƽקקԼβ, һаβô̵ģˣܿһа, ӦǺ塣
Ϊڱܵе㺦, Цеģò, һ̾ˡ
ޡʦ, ô죬ƽϺ͸, Լβ̫ͣ߳Щ, ûа취ܰβͲ
Ǳа̳һЩ, ΢ͣһ, ܵľΣգʶȾܡ
΢ЦһǣȻ취㣬õġ
˵һյԶĺˣ鿴ȥôãҹòȥ뾳֮ǰûʲô
ֱҹϣĿ΢ͣһ˲괽µȮ΢¶üڶҹߵһ̣ƽǹһоëȻиС˶ڷУܵرҪܡ

ƽˣʶ˼ŲԶҹʣ˶Ƿ̬ȻѾȶˣɼֱ򶨡
ӣҹɤżζ߹ߣŵö߲ˣ䱻ҹקק
ȥܺóԡҹЦЦ֮ǰɹĴ£ϳ˵㣬ż
ʰʢ䣬ٰӰųԡ
ƽ䱻ĺʹȫ߲·ˣҹʿʱܵβͰԼ
ȻβͲزסڴβҲըëˣҹʳŶ䣬˽ӲԭأһҲҶ
ˣ˶٣ĿĶϣһѾˣſſϣȥǳίȴֱץס˲ҷ
аܣͼаԸ߼аûûУƽҹʣûз֮
ƽվסҹҲ˺ȻǰûʲôھȻ仹һ㲻ʲôˡ
ҪԶһ㡣
òҹɿƽ彩Ӳҹڵλãȥߡ
ôǺ壬ܵ¡ƽҲ̫վߣֲԶ궢βͿֳ˶㣬סԼβ͡
ʦ֣ǲ˵ˣؾ׼ɱ
ƽСקסһۣɷؿҹʣܾҹʵĿⲻơ
ԷҪĶ䳶βҲקȻһڳˡ
ԭſſģΪ֧ЩʱʱĶһ˫鶯ҹʵĶƨɺβͻըëż
ЩΣ㱻ţƽһ˶һ˳֣˵񶼻ʧܡ
ʦܣ㲻غ£Ƕ棬ôԱ߿ţҲʧܡ
ƽ΢ЩԴһ㣬ŲԶҹʣ֧ԶҹʳЦһˡ
ʦ֣һǸ߰ɣҲϲ档
ƽҲԸ⵽ҹǱߣһ·ߣƢãƤһֱһõĻᱻֱӳˡ
ŵؾʱͿʼʢˣʢ˵֪ʲôʱ
ʢ䣬Ͳúˡ
Ϊʦ֣ƽﲻٵӶܳеӸΪƢģʢǰĿ顣
ĵӺܶ࣬ôճ˵ġΪ̫ˣߵ꼸קӣʱʱҪһ۸Զĺꡣ
ҹʼ꺦£¶Ȯֻ¶Ȯǰ治ԶҪιȥˡ
͡ҹʿǰĴɢ˼֣ץסʢ䡣
ƽקһӣЦʱܺ˵Ҳᣬֻһקӵʱ򣬶ԷĬĬջԼӡ
ʦܣģһῴڣô
ƽԼģŶһǲӣ΢΢Զ㡣
࣬˵Ӧڳ⣬޳ǧǰĹųǣʱɽ塢аĹϵҲ㣬ܳ羴ŵӣԻҵа񡣡
ԭаа壬ǧǰ˼䣬񣬹Ϊа
޳ԭһСǣǧǰȴʧڵͼϣԭΪаŵĳͻھʲôͻǧѾģ
ЩֻǱҪ˽ǳеΪаһҪһš
˵һЩͣ٣Ȼ˵аҪǵжϣȻһŵӣаҲһа
ΪаţţϺΪǧǰаĹϵƲ
ƽţҪú񣬸Ͻ뿪飬һֻǺһֻȫͲˣǸϽȥʦ֡
עޣʱעߣȻˣŵĻˡ
Եβ͵ʱʼûзӦβͻûϰߣǾòȻطӦŤͷҹ
ƽ
ʦ֡ƽקסβͣʶرҪ״˳βֲͣʢ䣬Żǳء
ƽŤͷȻѾҪˣΪЩ죬ҹʵ֡
޲̰βͲ֪һֱβͲģ΢ģ͹קβ͡
ë׵βͱסβͶ򣬶ٴ֧һ˫۾ҲΪԲ࣬ȥǵûƣ˾úܺ۸
˵Ҿ֣ҹקסβͣӵβŻͦ˳֣ģԼҪ
ҹһΪʦ֣ôĻ
֣ٲҾ͡
ô
ҹʣӼ˻ҧˣ
˵ţҹ¶Ȯ˼֣ƽЦҪǸҧңҾͰβקԼҧԼȻ
ƽ֣ԭػһȻžߴһ±ˣԭȫ˳һճ⣬һ±ܻ
ԱߵĤ𶯣εط˷ƿס
ҹʲвһ䣬ŭԵӣβͣĶ䶼ˡ
Ķ䣬ԭǶţͻȻŷһֿҪţӵĶҧȻֱӰ˵ѡ
ƽоΣգƤˣ̧ͷҹʵĿ⡣
ڶԷ￴һĨɫ
ƽ˶ľˣСȴ΢ɼǱƹȥʱ⧲ض˫ϸĺۡ
ƽ
ûˡ



 33  նʹ֮
ƽ, ҹʵˣڳ, ʮߵƸʦֿ֪ʢһġ
Ƕľ鷳, Ըʢܼ֡ǵһͨһֹԷӴ̭ʡ
ҹɿ֣ǿȥˡһ, ƽ̱Զ, ҹʸֱԶľ룬ʱҹʡ
ܰβͺͶͺˣƽô, 䶯˶, оβƺŶˡ
ʲôûЩ, βͳ, Ȼͳһëޡ
仹ڣԼĶ, Լβ, βܲȲҪá
ڳ⣬Ҫ취, ޳аܴаȻȥ
ƽɽһ, ֻϽ, ˼, ֻѡ
˻ȥû⣬ֻҪϢɡ
ԷһҪ.ƤߣĶ䣬.ƤҲڡ
ڳŴ۷ȥ֮ñأͷ˲࣬Ҫڡ
β͡
ôƽ͵͵Ųһ㣬һҹʵķ򣬶ʦ֣ҵβͿԲ
ģ
˳ſȥȻûβˡ
ģҷŸոѧġ
ƽЩˣȻתҹʵĿ⣬ҹʱβ͵ĵطһ飬ƨɺ˲һëޡ
βֱųˡ

˵߶ϣҹʵĿЩЦЦƽ̱ˣһϣԼһŲݣܹضô
ݶһᣬЩˣ̱ջߣְβջȥղȥˡ
βͲյشţȥġ
ҷŻսȥƽеΣﻹеǲңұսȥ
ҹʱû˵۵׶ζ
βǲסڽ¶βͣʱ鷳ˡ
ʦܣҪΡ
ʵڲУǱҶס
ԴñڵβôڣƽʶزԸ룬˼ΣǿûϢβջȥˡ
ʦܣҲһʱ۷ǵʱУ취صġ
˵ƽģﲢԶ.ƤߣԶαװ
˵ûʲô仯ҪҹٱøһЩģƽܾÿ죬ȴ˵졣
Ҳ࣬ӲҪ˵ƣӡҲû˺ҹʳ񣬵ĪԽԽϤ
ԭĿݣߣòƽƽ棬˵ĸоº͡
֪ʲô˵ͨһЩβһ룬ʻûô䡣
˵޳ſڣ޳ǳصĺϣȥҪһļòƣŽ̨зӦ
ǧǰ̨̨鷳ĲҲ׼ȷаȥ
ǵʱΪ˽аȥĿԣֻ̨ļ飬ûгѰսţͨ鷳
ſ˺ܳĶӣƽ棬·ϻ˼ĵӣαװҪġ
ǲ͸¶ϢϳҲûãʱҪ
ʦ֣֮ǰ˵ҪռһƬƬʲô
ǵһؾ񣿡
ƽͷ
ĵԭˣشƬؾòһʣ԰ؾǵƱƬġƬԿɱаõҲԿͬŵӵƣؾȴִһַʽ
ƽˣڶΣաÿӶҪռһƬռĻͻᱻ̭ôӿܲɱޣ򵥵İ취˵ơ
ֻᱻ̭ͳؾΣգǻܵõƬ
뵽һ㣬ĬĬԼƣƴԼһԱߵĺ꣬Щ
ЩЦҡҡͷû˵ʲô
Ǵӡ
ҹȫעǰĶƴе㲻ģԼֻ˺üطһһⱳأˡ
ƣ㵽ڡ
ҹֳһǰĶ䣬һȫӲĶҶӳ˳дżֱ
ûг࣬һСӵβͳˣе鷳
ûôģλ꣬βͶزסӻû
⻹Ӣ۾ˡ
ƽ֪Էʲôֱˣǰ΢Զ㣬ԼƣҹʵĻ
ŲŶԷĹ
֮ǰ¶ˣҪ񣬻Ҫץֻ޻ȥؾҲܴȥһӶȥΪ鷳ҲôֵǮ
Ϊ֤ġ
ţ˲ϵǰֵǵʱֵķǳ򶨣ֻһ˽ţϾԴϻж䣬۷
ע⵽ǺۺѥгµĻƣϴƶһն֣ʿͨŵӡ
˳֮棬ͷһ۳ŵķ
նʹǧǰ֯רɱаʱ򣬻ֻΪǧЧ͵߹
㣬նʹѾչΪһ֧
ƽŶһ˾ö֪ƺ࣬˵Щԭжûп
ԭдֻıɽһǡ
׳⣬Ѱȫĵطһ³ڵ
˶ûתһ̣ԶͻȻһ󼱴ٵĺŽǲԶͻȻնʹ
µĻӭɢųϵĶǧǰĳͼ˵Ϊ޳ǣϱ޹ͼơ
նʹаУȫҪ顣
ƽ˱Χնʹʣֵնʹ֣ǱǲܵĶ
ֻҪնʹ϶ΪаնʹʱɱȨ
΢üնʹǶǲǣٶѾϷǳˣԷȻ˾裬ӦǸ졣
նʹߵǲ˵
ƽҲ˽Щùҹʶ򶨣ֿΧǵնʹŬı򶨡
ܺ¡
Ⱥû˸ҵԹһ֮жǳΪаĴڣָնʹȨܵıնʹ
˶»صŴһԸܣ˵㱻նʹնˣʣԭֻʣһźһɢȥ
ƽĴˣػ϶ʵˣ˸Źȥ
ǵĹߡ
Ŵˣ˶ڷǵĶߵĶ鿴ĸ˷ֿˡ
ƽЩţսʧܰɣϾأûгɹݣʧܡ
ǰΧĶȺԭЩһնʹ¶
ˣŵĶ̨ûзӦ
ƽʶ̧ͷȥ
Զıնʹˡ
һɫ³ۣ٣޹ھü۴Ļȣһѿ޹ĳϱѰնʹ˹ߵͼơ
ѩﻯ÷һδʵС
նʹ֮ףĹ

*
лҪ˵
ʢ䣺ˣ
psбǲҹʵݣǾҹ߹


 34  ҿ
ƽϳʢ, ӶҪɳˣʢȻնʹ֮ף
ʢնʹ֮ף군, .Ƥߣʢ϶һץһ׼
ƻʢ俴, ൱Ѿ¶ʢ䡣
ֱ
ȻĿԶ٣Ҳûбˡ
ʢ, ӳȥֻ»ѡ
ƽʱñ, ĻڱĿʢ䣿ǷŵƵѦ, ʢʢ, Ҳࡣ
֪ʢ䣬˭Ӯ
ʦܣǲʢ, , ٷˡ
һƽȻ֪СػӦ, ʦ, ô죬Ҫ𣿡
, ˶٣Ҳȫ, Ŀǰĵ, ǻҪҳе, һߵԵס
ţʲô˼
ƽе㲻ţָָԼʦ֣ҪʢߵԵף
Сҹʱ飬ȥ
ҪˣʱôʢϹ
һҹʣŲͬõİ취ʮߣδܹ֤İȫ
෴ʢᱻ֣ʢᱣ
ƽЩΣС˵ʦ֣ʦֲһᱣң˵ҽǡ
صģ㣬Ҳ취ȳ
ʱֿ֮ſջǹҵʱ취ϵǶˡ
һпܣʢϡ
ˣҹʷԣԭػһҹԭʧ
ڽֵһ̣նʹȫ߹ˣƽûзӦѾûӰ
ԭֻʣһˡ
ƽɵˣʦֶˣ
ҵʢ䣬ʢնʹ뱻ץסѽ
ھᣬǱʢѾˣﲻ뱻£Ѿû취ı䣬Ҫô졣
ʦָؾȻȽҪʦסʢ䡣
ܲסһ£ַʽԸʢ䡣
ôţñʢ䣬ʢ俴ûпһۣնʹǱ˽ⷽŵ
ˣаˣԭһǵģ˶һ
˵ţƽ󾱴·˱קᵽʢǰ
ʢĿϣñ΢ͣһᣬΧǳǶڵʢ
ڽճʱ֮ǵģȫȴȥ¹̨
Ǳа۷۷άֵʱ䲻࣬ΪߣȻЩʱϢɢ̨ĿҲӡ
ƽñʢ䣬ĵȻƫʢߵģ񣬱Ϊߣʧܡ
ʧܡ
ˣδ
Ե̿˿ڣʢһſڣɤ䵭Ҹۡ
ƽ⼸֣ĵãʢӦϳˣͷָϳ̱ý׼ŷǳԵľ档
ɿӦʢת˲֮ԭʧ
ߵʱʢƺʲôȻ㱻һΧΧƵĶնʹٶ೤һԳҲɲȥ
˷ԸˣţҪ
ԭϲӣְ⿪΢ʢķԸûô
ƽϣսؾһʱ㱻ʢץסˣĻõĺֵܲݡ
ƫƫʢնʹ
ԭﻹедĽң˵ʢϲֱȼ¯¯Ϥ÷㣬Ϊ׼˵ĺͲˮ
ĶƽϲԵġ
ƽûƭԼˣʢ϶ϳ
ﻹķ䡣ϳǸ߼λ䣬Ŀ֪ʢλãʱһж
ôһᣬýȥȻһ磬һý
ƽʢĽ粼ıܺãֹ磬.һķʢ䶼ѧĺܺãԼСҲֲ֮ǰûô˳֡
ڳý磬Ľȥ㱻顱һֵˣ縡ֳܿǽʧ
⴫һġնʹˡһֻ޳ƿƽһջ˽ԼĽš
ñʢʢתͷԸһʲôʢЩİ
ʢʺЩ£ͳǿȺҫ۵Ĵڣ׷˾η
ֱϣֻʢĿͣһᣬ˿ڣΪҪñ
֪ʣɻǵý֮ǰʢغβͣǸʱʢ϶ԤϵˣΡ
ƽװװڻղض䣬ԸӸʢ俴оܶ
˵ʢˣ
ƽͷԼָ͵͵سʢ䡣ͷʢܹоԷڿʢϳµͼƿ
ΪʲôҪʣŲܿڣǱסˡ
ڳ⣬ҵնʹ˶ңҲֵ̫ܶԡ
ʢ仰΢ͣ٣ֵȥȫĵط㲻صġ
ƽԻǲ˵֪ʢҪȥ˵ʢǸľͷ˵ѾΪˡ
һֱʢĶʢ䶢һᣬĬЩǰϵĵĳơ
Ŀܾ£Ǹָͼơ˳ųһۣСӣӵ״ָӶС
ƽһӣʢǹģԭûˣ˵ذѵ˻ȥ
ϲʢ
ƽﲻס˵ϲӡ
˵ͣЩ˵ˣʢֳĬһ
ûˣȥܻġ
ƽѾ˵ˣֱ˳Ҫȥ
ʢѾ˵ˣҪȥȫĵطƽֳʢһۣҺʦֻǲҪץңȻʦϹһ򾡡
ʢ֪ѾˣȻûôץסͣһᣬǰץ㣬ڳлΣΣգ߻ᰲȫࡣ
Ȼ֪Σ
ƽ΢ЩñµĶŶ˶ʶغ˺һ䣬ֻǰġ
㡭֪һΣؾ֮ǰΪβҡ
ɤ͵͵ģЩί
֪϶ҪҸû˵ĵطܰѶβټˣҹǰˡ
ʢĿñϣɤ䵭滯Σ
ʲô˼ôҪȷ
֪ǲĴܾʢʣʵƺϣΣɤȻ䵭ǱƽҪ΢΢Ｘ֡
ƽĲɵءšһʢһۣʵ㷽˵Ĳץģ
ʢ͵ӦһΪԼˣȷһ飬ﲻһϲȻԼʦá
˵㻰Ȼ˵˲ץңһܷܲһȥҲ겻񡣡
˵ţ굽ߣɫķ˿ӳǰܹʢϵĹͼơ
ȻоԼñһ£ʢָ棬ɤƽͳ˼֡
ȥҲǲУҿӡܼܲˡ


 35  Ѧ
ƽʶر, ܿʢָ⣬⸱ӵȻܼˡʢǰ
ñסſſĶ, Ų࣬ڽ, ˿ڣֻ¶һСߡ
ʦֶ֪һˣ⸱ģȻûˡ
ô˵, ʢ侲ûп, ߷·ܹñϣоⶼżȡ
ҲЦ㡣ʢ˵
ƽҡҡͷָʢ, ʦ, ûʲôÿģ㷽Ų˵˻ߡ
˵ţͻȻεһ˲, ƺܾˡڼת, תת⧲ƽ˱ǰ, ָס˳ڡ
һ˲, ñ֮, ⧲غʢߡ
ʢߴһ֧Ķ, Ŀ΢˶١
ܿͣ, ͣʱƽ̲סЩ⡣ʢ, ̱ˣԭΪ֧شˡ
ԭƫʱ.Ƥߣٲû̫ı仯ֻǱƽЩ˫۱Բ࣬鶯βһɰС룬ΪñͻȻˣ˿ɢ࣬׾ϺһƬ
䴹ţһ֧ȥƽﻹҪϼ֡
ƽǰŷԵʢĿ⣬ʢһֱڿЩˡ
Ϊͣû취Ѷ
βҲǲصǿǿһŵԼ
ʢ΢ƿûһϣɤЩͣ٣㣬ͦá
ʲôãʢվ˵ֲۣʢ䡣
ƽʢ䣬ͻȻ֮䣬ֿʼоһεϢ߷·Ƥӿʼǰһ̣϶һֻ֡
ʢĿȻʣײһ𣬷һεѹڽ֮ӡ
˱ʢ뿪ԭأ뿪һ̣顱һķѣΧһֵĺ
ƽһûзӦ˱ڰУʢȦµȥʶرʢ䡣
һ⣬ʢڰУƽҲڽϡʢ䣬֪ʲôֻܿѵͰֵĺ
а
ǲԶİУƽһֱааֻоҹߣɲǳʧһź
΢ʢ½һ˫Ϊ֧Լȥʢ䡣
ʦ֣Ҫȷȥɡ
һС飬һߵĵسŲԶĺһƬһЩˡ
ʢ俴Ż꣬ȺһţЩֱɤ䵭¡
ڻһ˲䣬ڰзѳ⣬Զаҽƽںɢȥһ̿аࡣ
һŲ԰׵ڳݹķͣ˫û۰ף͹ڣ׺棬ۿ·һҪˡ
ŤдŲģܿ컯ɷɻңڰʧ
ƽ˽һǰһڣԼǵ崻ķɿ죬ɫˡ
ֱֲĿֲƬҪˡֲƬǼٵģոտġ
»ʱ򣬵ȥʢʶطһѡ
ʢԭΪվסַһѣô˳£ָҲ¡
һţȻץ½ָʱëĴС
䴹Ͳ۾סˣһСë׵βͣȥģβСػζβͶֵ˴˿̵顣
ƽҪˣԺﻹŷ죬ʢ仳ﱧʢ䲻֡
ʢƢãȻûаȥµȥ·ŵа֣һʢ½
ʦ֣ŵа𣿡
Ϊʲôֻȴûпа
аʢʮֿ϶Ļشָ΢˶٣βͻΪţֺõز˲ָ⡣
걾ƺ֪飬Ϊ£Դ˼ķʽ̫һź£֪Լβðˡ
ΪʲôҾúˡ
ǻ֮ӣʢ䣬ϣΪаҡ
ƽŶһˣʢ仳֪ؾò˼΢΢͸졣
ʦ֣ȥɡ
ʢ䳤أ⻯һɻأ֮ɿĿ΢ͣ١
ΪаϮǣ
ƽʣʢĿ⣬˳󿴣ԼСȻζβ͡
ƽ
շ·һ˲̣ʢ΢ΪնʹնʹаǼնʹ
ƽĬĬذԼβջȥֱʢĻעʵ㣬նʹǺΣա
ᱻĻԹ޵а׷ɱ
ʢп˵ģǰδʹ⣬˿Ȼõıа׷ɱ
սָ΢˶šһ
ƽʢЩңƫƫնʹݣҪа׷ɱȻʢܴҲ鷳ѽ
Ҳֱ˵˳ڰοЩ뿪ؾˡ
ʢ䲢δ֪Ǻģ֡šһԼЩܣֲһ䣬ڳУһᱣ㡣
ƽڵж񣬶һѽ
ʦ֣һȻʦ߿ûʲôãߣǲҷˮˡ
һ˵ţһ߳ʢɫװץңҲ⡣
ʢԸŹ͸Ӳˡ
ʢ俴֧Ķ䣬ΪڴĻش𣬶СȵĶ˶꿴ҲգգۣԼĵʵ뷨
аǲõаˣֻ귴ƭˡ
Ǹ񣬲߼ң
ʢ㿪ʣܵѾ³Ŀġ
˭˵ģƽЩ飬ﻹĶλϳǶλܾĻ϶ֹǶλô򵥡
Ҽ㣬Ҳĸǡƽһ䣬Ͼʢʦ֣ᱣֲɵӡ
ʢ俴һᣬָԿϣԿǣЩζջֵʱ򲻾Ķ⡣
˶֮ǰУƽⶶ˶ܾʢԿǷ·ڽԿǻͦģϲʢԿǡ
һȥ취Ķϡ
β͡
ʢ仰˶٣β֡ݡһջȥˣЩ죬С
βһջȥ
ʢ俴˺һᣬû˵ʲôջߡ
ѾˣۡòԶзֹʢһ˲ȥ
*
ſջźɫñס˴ΣüĽš˴ֻΪ˱ʢ䣿
һ½ۣԭƫĳ࣬ʱĿֳдżаЦЦ
ȻǣѦ˼֣ʢ亦Щڽɽ˳ˡ
ʱʢͱһȥɽʢǰдʵȴڽɽ޹һ𣬷Ҫ
һһݴ񡣡Ѧ۵״żǳЦ⣬޳ָⰴŶñס˴΢ơ
ˣһŹ


 36  ˮʽ
ʢ˻ȥ, ۡſŴ³۵նʹ̼ǶȫУԳǽϵ޹ͼơ
ƽʢ, سʢһӡųµͼ㱾ܵغ£ͼ΢ɢ, ȥһرնϵβ͡
ۡؽ磬ʢָȥȫ⿪ˡ
ʦ, Щ綼㲼µģ
ʢ΢΢ͷ, ߲а
˵ֶ˶٣⡣
ƽе㿪ģʢ, һ̤ߵǧǰ̬, кЩ죬˵װķֻǷ̫ͬ
Ͽ̵ͼ, Ҳл, ƽɨһ, ԼЩ, ֶſһᣬ벻
ʦ, Ͻʲô
ƽСԣзͼ, ڷŵǸָĵĺͲˮ, С˶顣
ûж, ϵͼעϴɲǱˣеĴͼһƺЩ
ǧǰʷʣˮʽʢ俴һͼƣֻһ۱֪˽ʲôˮͷɾйء
ʢ棬ظʣŴ˽޼֮ʱ춼Ⱦ죬˽һմ޾аĽӵ缸Ϊ
˽䣬δѱǴߣԻ䣬Ѫҷ𡣡
ǧΨһѱˮɾնޣõıѽ
Դڷɾʽ֮ʱ˽ԳʷΪֻشһ仰
ƽˣԭǳϵͼʢ˵һ벻˵ˣֿʢ䡣
˵ʲô
ʢ俴һӣֻôֻ֪࣬ʣ֪⵱˵ʲô
ƽ
һ뱻˸֪ûкĸоʮֲܣôֻ˵һأҲֵֹġ
˳ȥϵ̵ķɾ̵ʮָֻܿӵΡĿϣ⴩һۣźɫָƺһ仨
ʲô滨ߺġ
긺黨һЦܹǧǰˡ
ƽڿţǰסЩվǰϲ
ϲɾ˲ϲģ˶Ľǿһԡ
ƽסͳ򲻼ˣҡҡͷҲϲǾú
ֿԼŵĽĽǷӳõ彣ƽȻûôù
ʢ䣺Ҳܱú
ƽ۾ܸʢԸô˵ƽû˸˵ֻϾĺܲҲܲƽƽ棬ʢһԱȱԶˡ
ʦҲǣֻˣñժˣֻȥĵʦġ
һ˱̲סҲ˳˵˵ʢһûлشֱƺ«
ƽ˳ſȥ֪ǲǴʢĶƺЩޱ顣
ʦ֣Ҫ𣿡ƽܣҲܴ̫á
һ㣬ʢ˵ռƬռ٣Լ

ֺ£ƽЩ⣬ڴĸʢ䵽˸ۡԺһ·϶ŵʲôռƬܹҲַʽ֪һ֡
ʢһΧʵԺǰԺӿһƬֵдƬɲݣû߽㿴ڵȥļʮֻѩӡ
ѩֺģֻ䣬ڵϱȥżһɲݣԲƨһë׵β͡
ֹһֻѩӣһмʮֻȥǼʮֻѩǰΣۻҡ
ƽѩӣԼĶβͣʢһߵǶڳаǱߴģմȾаֻҪִܻԵõƬ
ƽ
е㲻⣬ûпõ˼̲סʵʲôִ
ֻҪаմȾִʢ˶٣űȥѩӣߵĴֻѩӵչ˺ǣĪҪ鷳Ҫģס
ôѩչСѩӣúܺʡ
ƽЩᣬżʮֻѩӣʢҵ׬ƬĻСҲ⡣
Ҫչǡ
ЩˣֲԸ˽ӴΪˡ
ƽǻԸҽӴ
ʢ䲢ûлش𣬶ǿ˿ԴϵһԶ䣬εػش⡣
ҪȥץʣµаЩҲµĽ磬£ôҴ
ʢϵ£ӡˣֻҪһͻ
ʦʲôʱƽչǣǲǿˡ
ʢûлش⣬ǲȫСţŵﶼģֻŻǿġ
һ
ʢֽҪų˵Ļ±̸Ҵ
֪ƽʦ֣ڽȥ𣿡
ʢƿһ磬һһ㣬˶ѩӶ߿
ЩڳԲݣƽ࿴ۣ֪ǲӰ죬ɲķۣҲ볢ڡ
ƽȥʮֻѩӣһ붼˿ˣڲݶĿмֱֻڲˣԭ
ʢ仹ڿĿ⣬ɤ䵭
غ£ǲҧˡ
ƽ˭Ầѩӡ
Ҳ£ʦֿ߰ɣƽߴһ䣬.ȥһֻѩӣѩӷɿرĵһߣ
ѩӵƨɣоβͺÿɰקһק
ѽβ͸һ
ʢ䣺
ƽԼһֻѩӶץסҲ̫ˣýǻ׺ܶ࣬ǿܻ˵ǣɲԡ
ôţʢѾԭˣקһЩɲݣСɲȥӡ
һֻѩӣѩӳɲݣë׵צڵϰ£ţȻ죬¶ϸּ
һڣѩӰɲݵˣתֻһƨɸ
ƽԭΪѩӺܿɰֱӿɵˣﻹһЩɲݣѩſ˹
ɲݵģǹģ
ѩӳĹһƨ˵ϣ֧βҲðˡ
⡣
ۡµĽ磬ʢֱС˶С˶һԶһβ֧ͣ⡣
С˶ƺչѩӣΧԲ򣬿ӺѩӵĻӭ
ѾæˣС˶֧βҲ˵ػλΣһקקӵβͣһǸӵƨɣܻ졣
С˶С˶ţβ¶ģѩӴչȥҪС˶β͡
С˶קŶ䲻˵ᵽһߡ
ֻѩӶʵˣľľС˶ԱſţһֻĽС˶
նʹˣߴ̵ǱаΧˡ
һ飬ʢֵĻĵӣһһŮҲնʹݡ
ʢʦ֣ݳϢѾµΣаۼһ𹥻նʹ
ʢջߣС˶ǰɢΪ߲ϡ
һеӵûеĵӣǳаӦΣ
ʢ̧͸Լܹźָ⽫ñ۴ϣסٵİ׷
䵭³һ֡
ն



 37  ͵
ƽѩӶܹ, һĸιɲݣȺѩӲٶ¶һԹԵز, ɲݡ
һһѩӵβͣѩŲŲƨ, ͷвݣ
ΧΧĶѩӣֻգֻĵ, һֻȽƤҪĵԿ, ᵽһߡ
ЩѩӣֻҪһקǵĶ䣬һ, ܿʵˡ
Ǿƺ, Լҹʾʱŵöˡ
ְѩӷѩ, ұ, Կ治ſ
ιЩѩӳ˲ݣڲݵȦ, ѩϸֳ, ɽƣǵƶԼƬͳơ
ƽһԼ, ֺ֣һ1
ڵƬ1
ƽ˳һֱѩ, ⸡ֳ, Ƭ2
ֻһֻ, Ƭ3
ƽƺҵ¸ؾ
ѩߴϣƬǣǵһֹ֮ͣˡȻ࣬ǶѩǴģֻ˿ء
ƽÿֻѩӶ֣Ȼǲסд֣ͦġ
һֻѩӣһѩſһ˯ˣϧûСӸѩӸǡջ֣۽ɨһǺɫ̧ۣͷ˲Զʢ䡣
ʢڲԶվţϢ֪վ˶á
ʦ֣㿴ƽЩˣƹȥˣָƣʢָ֡
õƬ
ƽսˣŵʢѪζɫƺҲеס
ʦ֣ˣ
ʢ䴩·ǺɫģҲʲôƱ˹ȥʢ䴽ɫ԰ףָĦơ
ְƻ䵭Ҫࡣ
Ȼֶ˶ٵ˵Ĳء
ȻҰβͶͺˣŻЩƬ
Ϊʲô˰ȥʲôˣ
ƽԼջýѪζƺŨˡʢһô˵Լ飬ҲŲ˵
ֻ˳ڹģϣʢ
еаʢϵ񡣡
ƽĵֲã̲סʣǲ˵ؾѾΣ𣿡
ǣʢ䣬˵ΣգָǶϻ޷֮ааڡ
ΪĻеģܲô
ŶԭǱˣˣƽʵʱģҲûиңΪβȥ˿ڡ
ոգڻȥ
һһ䣬ƽ·ϻ࣬˵ʲôʢ侲ţżŻһ䡣ʢɫ̫԰ףû˵ˡ
ʢȥʢסƫʢԼȥ˿ˣæҲûйȥ֡
֮ǰȪ֮ǰļΣʢ䶼δǰѹ·ƺԸ
ʢ䲻£ļʢܱء
Ӧŵͣƫƫϳɡ
Ҫʢ˯һˣ֮ǰŹĽķƺǸĻᡣ
Ŵ򿪣ʢֳǸմȪɢ࣬ɫɴЩ԰ף۽Ϲˮ飬޵ֱҼ
ڴ齱ߣӳʢ䣬ʵʦ֣Ҳ˯𡣡
ӡʢƺû˯һֱڴı죬ҪҪ˯ˣϢϢ
ŵĳУǧ˿䣬üӳ͡˫۾ԭƫϸͣΪʻ˵ĸоԲ˼֣βһС룬ӯӯЦˮīĴꡣ
˵ĸоֳ
۵״Щ΢ɼڴĴı죬ɤġ
ʦֹϢ
Ͳ˼дϡʦֿߣҪ͵͵
ƽʢһֱûзӦԭеţʢ䲻ô룬ʢԭͣһᣬ߹ˡ
Ϊɫô
ƽһһ⣬һִʢ۾³ʢĴ촽ıǻƽֱûмʢЦ
ľͷȻЦˡ
ʢָ΢أѾҩ̫Ӱ졣
˸ĲԶֱֻֻ۵ľ룬ƽûһʦ֣տɲһȥ
ʦӦڵҡ
ʢû˵껯ΣİΣһģ˿
ŵ۽̧ʢеĮʣôʦһ𣿡
Ȼʢǲˣаһаնʹһġ
ʦ֣ҺʦһؾӦһ𡣡
ʢĿϣĶ仹
ҿԴñƽ䶯˶췢ˣ仹ܰԼҪķȥתԼĶ֧˷·Ҳ֧ˡ
ñ۷Ӧ˷а
ʢ䷢ΪʢϤ
ˣʢþû齱ߵۣɫȥǲ԰ף۽޴һƬǳӰ
ƽ͵͵ţЩţͣϣʢܹ˯ţ⻹ǵһμʢ˯
ǧѵõĻᡣ
ڴ齱һҲҶԼʢ䣬һתȥһʢ䣬һһۡ
˺һᣬзǳƽССһʦ֡ʢûд
Ǵչȥһʢ
ĿʢȷʵǳÿʢҲûзӦ˯ˡ
ƽĿʢ䣬ʢĴϣһЩᣬҪ͵
ͷʢ󴦵ĺߣкţεİʢһ
ϲԼƿأʢûûʲô
һһû⣬ʢ䷴ˣ˵ᰤᡣ
ƽ߻ھᣬûʢ˯ŵؿΪնɱаˣ̫ˣʢŻ˯š
С˶ڴܣһһɷˣֻһλᣬûãԡ
ܲһӶʢһɡ
ŲҪһӺͱ˰һֻ򵥰ÿ춼Σգ鷳
ôţƽĶ֧˾ԭʢһЩ룬ǰŲһЩսһ㣬˻
û׹ء
û̸οһµ꣬Щš
ƽĿʢ䴽ϣЩ¶ӣӦҲɣһҪ졣
ҡ
ƽһؿʢ䣬ԭòԶֿһ㣬Ǻʢ档
ʢڴ齱ԵҲڴ齱Եʢв߾ʱǳš
ôһʱ䣬ôܲʢʱѹɡ
ƽһشչȥ˿ԿʢǳĽëʢĴκܺÿܸߣƤףûвÿĵط
˵ϢڣҪյһ̣طǳ졣
ǰʱ˫ۡ
·Ȼֹʢ䵭΢΢Ϥڡ
ʲô

*
лҪ˵
ĲƬƹʢ䣬Ǳġл׷ĵСɰTvTǣ


 38  ϲΪ
ƽ궼Ҫû, ʢ۵һ̣̱˻ȥΪżڴ齱Ե, Щȡ
ַһѣʢס, ˲֧βҲըëˣ˱ץεͨ졣
ʢ, ק, ʢøˣһߡ
ҡƽſڣſں, ǿʦ˯, Щ棬չ
ҺûȥȻ군ˡ
󻹱ʢ, ʢһɿ, Ŀ΢ͣ١
С˶ѧģ
ƽɿҡҡͷû, ʦ, 㲻Ҫᡣ
ͣԽԽ˵, ôôùͲܶ˯һ᣿
Ҿֻǿƽɤ, Щ, ûͣ, Щš
ûʲôƽָקһβͶˣʢ˫ۣое㲻ӦԼԱŲЩ
ʦ֣˯ˣҪʦǱߡ
ƽʢظԼŽ棬ܹоʢϡ
ýסԼкܰƿһ죬Сƿһ㣬⧲غʢĿ⡣
ƽְѱӸˣ˳Ż˸ƨɶʢ䡣
ϵ겻֣Ƕȥһӽ֧һſȥ֪ھʲôϸ׵ָץŽ죬ĻƶҪ۵ˡ
ʢۣŸо뿿ڶʲôҲײµ
겢ϲϲΪλͬȡ
ǿֻеС˶飬ֻʦֵ֮飬ʱһЩ¡
ƽûζãģźûһ˯ȥˡ
˯ĺ㣬ûΣȴΡ
εԼһƬһģձȾ˰죬кܶʬǡ
֪ԼΪλһֱǰߣԭʬӦẦ£ǴʱĪˣ·ǰʲô
֪˶ãɢȥ־ͷһӰ
һ³ǧ˿ɢ࣬¾׵ָһͨڵĳմѪ
ƽԭͣŶԷȥʱҲת
ƽ˫ۣ䷽ƺĴУ߾۽ʢ
ʦ֡
ʢջָ⣬䵭ҽҪȥгаҪһͬȥ
ʢĻƽ̱㾫ҡҡͷԼĶ䣬ܾЩȣ¡
ԼˣҪȥ
ʢԭվһԼںδȥ
ʵԼȥͿˣʢҲǵʵʵ˵˵ص㡣
ſջòԶʢȥϲŻΣʢûüԷʲôء
ʦ֣Ρ
ƽҲڽһĢʢεһʶˣҪˣȻҽˡ
Լ˵Լģʢֻţϰ㣬ȻûпǳӦͦÿģӰˡ
˵һʢ䣬յʢҪʢƣʦ֣ܸܲҿƣ˶Ƭ
ռ250оѾˣ֪㹻
Ҫʢóˣ˳ȥһǰ滹֣һһǧƬ
öࡣ
ƽʢһߣٿԼĶ壬ȫʵʦ֣ôƬεõģ
Ŷ̶һգѾˡ
ܲᶼɱаİɣǵɱа
ʢ䣺ɱаá
аʱʱؾۼδǴġ
ʢ䴹ǧǰĹųǣ֪ΪλὫصѡ̨һ飬ûá
ǻа
ɱꡣ
ɸĲǺϸ𣬡ƽЩǵǸһţʣʦ֣гǣɻ
Ŀǰ֪նʹаնʹǳ
ǰɱаĵӡ
Ƿ޳еаԴͷʢնʹǧɽʿ
ƽŶһô˵㶦ʱûħޣδڳмŵĵӡ
ôһᣬѾ˵ط˳ſջԶ
ʦ֣㲻̫ģܻģƽɱаΪҪԼˡ
˵ĵĻƽڽñڴֵתǴ˴ŶҵӰҹʡ
ʦ֣
ȵȡʢס
վˣʢס󴦷ɽһ䡣
ƽûʲôо󣬺ʦ֣ʲô
ʢɿΣգԱ㡣
лʦ֡ƽЩģʢۣʦ֣
ƽԼ彣նʹ˽ֵڿҪȥʱתӳ޵Ĳ
ܿ쳵ȥˣջָ⡣
ƽҲתҹʣ˴Ŷס˴˲Žƿ
͹ЦҡҡͷڸǾ档
ҹʿһķüĿܿջߣǿľˣʶ֮˺ײ
ƽ˼ʢڱЩ˼ʦַһˣͬԼ񡣡
ʦ֣ûнʦϣŹһΣ䣬㲻ƽ
ȷʵˣƽڣʢǶһֻ۱һֻˡ
ҲЩ̾ʢã˸նʹݣ·Ķ࣬ǻҪ˼ɡ
Ҳпܲʢһʹа˵ǹⰲˡ
޷ɤºͣԸãԭδ
ƽЩждϣۿɼط˱仯﷢
ԴһЦ꿿ǽﻹһݣһαڵȻȥǷֿ¡
һһȵڣȥŵǱߵԵף㡭ҹĿƽϣͬȥĵ塣
ƽԻûдϢﷴӦȵŵڶ죬˾ȻѾϢˡ
壿ڳ⣿
ûնʹӦ֣šаնʹ
ƽʵնʹǴ𣿡
㣬ִµϢ˶ٵնʹȻֱڳȨܸߣǲȫ
նʹҲŵӹˡ
ǧǰڵʱ䣬նʹȨԽԽߣΪ˶Ĵڡ
ǧʮֻҪնʹ֣ɱа֮Բþ˵
ΪʱΪδʱˡҲ֪
ȫǧǰʽ
ǵЩ֣һбȽףҹ̫أеλߣ˾ֿ¡
͵ʦܣŶв㣬ҹȥ壬˵ࡣ
ڳѾȺۼϮնʹΣһɳ˳ţǻеİ취
˶ңʹ˱ϢһᴫǶˡ
ƽһʦ֡ûкڣؿʧˣкܶϢûüء
ԭֻʣҹʡ
ҹŵĲ˳żЦЦһ̣㽫̽˻βͲըˡ
ӣֻʣˣҹ¶Ȯвһ㣬ȻҾ͡
ʣµһ仰ûȫӲɫֱӰˣƨðһë׵β͡
һأˡ
ҹʣ


 39  ҧһ
ҹʿŻιȥ, Сװġسһβͣβģ, קҲûѡ
ιȥˣżͷų, Ҳŵԭ
ε˻ŻȥСôһιȥ
ҹôŁe, ȻСôռ, ֲܰ˶£ء
£Сȥʢ䡣
ô, ˳ֳβ, ͦ񫣬ģذ, Ȼڻʧԭء
, սǴһʧûע⵽

ƽٴʱѾһʱ֮
ǰİĵط, գգ, ǰһʯĵطϵǽڵֵͼ, иֶͼ
ָ˸ĴУ˳ſȥ, һ㵾, һ򵥵ķ, ʯɣûдҲûдֻһʯšڿţҪΪԼǱץ
ƽػǺʦһˣֻʣҹʡ
ȻҹʿΪŵ˹ȥ

ҹأ
ƽôţʯվߵſڡ
ſȼԾĻ裬ǹǵͼصˡ
ˣ
ƽһǰ⧲ײһǰߣ߳Դϵλã˵ʱ˿˿³ӡ
սԺɫְˣιȥŬı򶨣С˶ڰиͣ
ƽ죬ԺԼ˵ҹȥǣǰİߣòᡭ
ʶԶȥһ޴ɽѨмһаɵ̵ĴüĿЦţȴڿޡгͭ裬ͭĻϢ
Χ̵ͼƣֹһʯССʯʯſڶͼƣԱ֧Ҳͭ裬󲿷ֶ塣
ˣӦϰߡ
˵ţûףЩƫϸЩ죬ˡ
ƽ˿ﻹͣûдñ仹ſſſԴϡ
ҹʡ𣿡
ҹڼ̳Ǳߣ̫ӣСҹˣһһǰͨ
ôһ᲻ͳҹˣ
ƽﾪȣܺ棬඼£һЩܡ
ã鷳ͨʲô֣
а񣬹ӻҰǡ
ƽˣֻصԼŴʯ涼壬Լأƺ̫ϲ档
ԼűȽϺãôţԭŵĵݶϺܲ屾ܵӰ죬Լųһ档
Ųô˵£ֲӣԼϥǽǡ
ָͷҪ¡
ѾˣҪʦֽ
һϢΪҪۼնʹǷ飬νǵġ
ڶŪаڳ׺ΪΪа
ץͷ޻ȥҪȥޡ
ƽһһˣĬĬһҪϢȻֻ
վȥߵſڣ·Сӡ
СĻͷԣԱǣŵŮӣСһ˫۾䶯˶۾
Сָָķɤ׵ġ
ףãҪã
ƽ
ǣСӵŮӿһۣæסСӵͣòҳԣҹ˴ĳ̣ð
ʲôƽŶ˶ЩϡͿȥʲôóƺ
Щλĵλ͵ģ֪Ϊ̫̫ͣ߶С
̡֣֪ΪΣʯ͵͵ع۲ﶼۣ·ĺ
Сӣҹ˴Ӽ̳ˣڿԻȥˡ
⧲سǰƽһİǸŰһȥˡ
޴ԽߣԽ࣬Խ٣ϸӽǧ壬ΧŲʯҲĹ
ͭĻ֣ƽʯĹҲͬһͼơ
ڻˣҹƣ޳ǵĵƺ磬Ȼ絽ֵĵز
ҹˣ˴ˡ
ƽ̤֮У֮ûеƣǽǶ˺ܶҹ飬ҹ˸Źâڶ֯һϸӡ
кܶŮŮģĶܲȫƯ㣬ƽϳˣЩƯӦǺġ
ҲӣſſشλҹʣҹʿȥԼļһǳزŮѡ
ƽ֪ôġôƤӡôƤģҲһ̫Ը롣
Ѧ
˶ҹʳɤɢ˼֣
ƽЩԥƯڵϣѲԼʹ˼ңڵϥ۲ѽ
ڷ޵ÿιһȶҪˡ
̺֪ʲôƤëȥ̵صҹߣһһ̫飬̵ġ
ҹߣĶ㱻һѣسĶ䣬ɤôá
ôң
ƽĶۣһҹʣоҹϵʶˣҪβͰԼǲزס
֣ңƽԼĶ䣬ĺۣˣ֣˳ųһ
÷ˡ
ҹʻ˻֣ŮǶȥˡӲ֪ʲôģȥ΢΢·һ̽ĺŮõѡ
һۣ˰ڷŵĻһɲݣɲģȥܺóԵӡ
ҹע⵽ߣӸ˵ƺɲݱע
ɲݶ˹ɲƶģɲ
Բݡ
ӳԲݣ쾭塣
ϲҹʡ
ƽöԷ⣬ֲĳԣֻǿѣԥһᣬСصͷ
뿴ֲԡ
ҲǲУֵɲݣԵԣҹɤɲԶһ㣬Ŀš
ƽӳɲݣֳǰֲ꣬ɵӣе㲻˵Ҳû˵Ҫ
ҹ΢΢üǲӲ̫ʹɵӣԼӾͲɲˣȻ˵Ҫ
ŶͷĶ䣬ɤɢҧһڣһ̶㡣
˵ţӳǰơ
ƽ
΢΢֧ڰУҹԶһЩ΢ȻΪɲݴӦҪ
ƽһ۶꣬ǿؾ֮ǰ˵ˣͬһģԣԻɱŰͬʦֵܡ
Ȼҹʲͬһʦ𣬵ǶǷĵӣҲͬʦֵܣЩضҪء
Ŷҹ΢ͣ٣קסĶ䣬ӣҷģСǿ
Űͬʦֵܡ
ţҹקӶק΢һ㣬żζңҾͿǿǡŰ㡣


 40  ׵
ƽŲӲ˵, ٿҹɲݣſſشţȥ˺ܶࡣǳ, ĬĬذοԼҹֻ˵˵, Ҫϡ
ô룬ȴԱ򶨣ʢ˵屾ʲô˼̵Ľ׼ƶȣǱһ, ú¼ӽ
, ƽСѣʦֻڵǡ
ǰ, ҹʿ, е۸˳ŵĲӣ΢ʹ, ˵ֱӰ
, Ҫ࣬ҷѾȥһ˼̳, ĵ, ǵķ
ҹʣһлͦҲûʲôæ, ֻֻܣ˵Ҫʲôá
, , ʲôöвϡ
ƽ˵е, ȷʵûаʲôæ죬ҲȺ̫̬˵ԭ
ʢ䡢ǰ̫꣬ʵ֮࣬ĶԾֻܿչѩӲǿһЩƬ
ѩӻʢġ
ƽԽԽԼûãԭһ㣬ȻԽԽöסԼ۾ָקë̺Ե˼ë̺ϵëק˺ü
ҡҲܰæƽɤ࣬Ϻȵġ
ɤЩί
ҹʿһ۹ŵ꣬Ϊ˳˵Щ΢ԶЩԼڽԹţֻռһСطβ¶Ҳˡ
Ǻƭ
úôűܣǲϺˡ
ҹʣм룬ڣӣܣСıץȥū
ƽū֣̱㾫ˣȻ뱻ץȥū
ԼʯȥҷܣҾͰ
ƽһʯ˽дʯ̵ֻһ㵾ݣʲôûС
ʯֻеݣܻܲ
ƽҹʵĿ⣬˵ԽԽͣ󲻸֨ˡ
һȥˡ
ҹʿ겻뿪ıӰֱҪЦˣȻּۻۣСƽڷӹò
ûԹӡ
վסҹְ˽סˣȥ˵׻ԼߺãϾӻء
ƽ䶯˶תԭûж
ûȥˡ
ƽ̵ʣȥġ
ܲҪͬһɡ
˵ȥģҹЦЦҵĵ
ǻȥɣӸǴһطģ൱
һǻȥɣٴҡƽô˵Ҳʲô£Ż˵ﲻæء
˵űҪתߴһ
ҹʰ彣һţгЩӳ⣬һűߡ
ƽоһȥ˭ûУҲнҲýô׵ЭĻҲ̫ûˡ
Ȼ̤ȥڴ˿ȫе׼
ƽ
ת˻ȥ
ûһᣬԼֹԹԵػˣҹʷǳ⣬һɲݸ꣬ʶȤͺãձߴš
ƽһɲݣҹλúԶһµʵǱݣǱˣ
㣬ҹʿһ۵׼ƶȷ磬ȻǺܿ
ƽ޵ءŶһܾǵݺҲж׵Ķ࣬Ҳˡ
ǲ̫˳Щ
ɹĶͱ飬ƺ̫ԾЩûʲôԾ
ߡƺеĺסƽ˵ָԼĽʣǲӦ÷һЩ
һĵͦ࣬ҹ΢΢üһ㣬ǰæˡ
ʣµĲӲġ
ﱻǲԭж
ƽŶһҹʱӦöôࡣɲǰһţŽտʼе֮࣬˸ĶŻ֧
գߴţﶼȥˣ
ҹʿԶСһӳԲݣܻƺԵĺܿģɢŻϢ
ţһȥ
һ˴ţƽЩԸ⣬ʵȥҲȥ
һ˶ò̫ȫ
ȻҹҲôãǺôͬŵʦֵܣİҪǿ
ңҹ΢Щ⣬룬ī΢ҲǲУ㣬ҪҵĻ
ƽ缦ԼǴ׵ӣȫ׸㲻ģΪ߱
ʲôǲҪһ𡣡
ƽЩˣС죬ܲܲͬҲԸ°ɡ
ˣʢ䣬϶ô˵Ϊʢ䲻Ը飬ľЩЩǿӲǶ͡
ҹһµӣһ·Ѿᡣ
ѡأҹҪק֧Ӷ䣬ֻûӱɲԶһЩ
ƽ㲻ͬ⣬ǻǷֿ
ҹʣҹҲԸЭӣЩţҲŽŵض˶
ǿͷӦѣҹƫԸ˳ӵ⣬ЦЦؿŶԷͷųЩΧԼ˿˿ƵɫŨơ
ƽ̱ˣ˷·𱻶סѹ˲ӡƺʲôѹá
ȷʵãؾʲôݣֻܰȥعء
ҹΧѥڵϣ˫۾˼֣ǰָס򢣬ЦЦݷֺδ۵ס
ҷŲǾ˵ˣûзء
˵ţЩ
ƽԭѹˣ򢴫ʹҹʵĻǰǷššͷ
˱ѹƣ΢ҲԶ֧һ¶ٴС
°ͱĺۣƽֻܸɵҹʣҹԣһᣬָĦա
㿴˳۶ˡ
ҹϲʵӣȥǲֻעѹƵͦãֱӱӶˡ
ͷŵӣһӵգҲģĲ˼顣
ֶ೶£ˣ֣ӵɵĸˣӲ˲ĵط
ƽ
Ҳȥϣʱʦֿţô
źնʹһͬȥڣҲȥ
ҹֻ֪ͨһڿҲͦ˳ۣ￼ǵӣԲɱ
ߵƺҲ
ģۣʢȫ෴
ƽ뿪ڿ˿ڣСһٱҹʲҪֱ̫ˣȫĬĬ䣬һܿҹʣһҪҹҲζ
ӿ˿ڣǳĹɣҹʷǳ⣬ӱȥ˴齣ͷӵıԷҪ˯
뿴Էȴû취ܵӡ
ƽ˱סԽԽĴ齣ǳܣ֪ҹҪʲô
֪ˣڴϣȻקקĶ䣬ڿ˯ˡ
ƽ

*
лҪ˵
Ӹ滹һ¡


 41  
ƽӲ, һҲҶô˯ţȲ˵ҹ, еĹϵ
˭һ˯ţҲ°ҹһڳˡ
˯ţԭı, 𽥱˸˼ܸܵϣЩëȻ
ƽιȥ΢ƶһ, ͼԶЩ, Сƹȥֱק˻
Ϻһֻ֣ƽȵ, о, Է˵ɤ˼֡
ҶȻƤ
ƽ缦, һƲҶ, Ϣоܲ, ö, Դϡ
һ˫ۣܹǽ̵ıڻ, ԭʯĵģǽڱǾʯ, Ҳ
͵̫һ, Цſ۾, ȴ۵ġ
ĴüĿ۾նǵص׵̶·ܰУͭ棬ϴŹЦݣΧУη塣
ʱƣöɱڻģŰշ·ܺɶߣĪͷë
ƽһջߣԽǺԽ̲סٴοǽϵıڻ
ɿһξ룬֪ǲǴƺøˡ
һ־ܹڻܹϸɵò˴üĿ֮⣬ӵݣȴŮӵȹ˴Ī档
ƽͣĿϣɻվŵģĿǰ
ʱȴ΢΢ǰ㣬ʴȵĿϣǴϸ΢ЦݣڿŴϵ
ƽһ㼦ƤڿȷˣǴĻᶯ
Ҳ˲ϺҹˣŶ˶ҹѾ⿪˶Ŀơ
ιƽתͷŤͷ۾ƽȣô̵ʱȻѾ˯ˡ
ʯзǳİʱֹͣˣƽĿ˼֣Īò̫һ㺮⡣
ѡҹʣƽԭԼסˣʱֱۻϣԸſЩȷҹʡ
˵ô˯ţҹʣҲûܰ˽ѣƽżŤͷһıڻ
ڻԭֻһˣΧˡֵĶųꪣؿǣзź⡣
ƽоЩз·Ƕǵģ䣬һر仺ˣҹ£һ߽ҹһıڻ
ҹʡѣںΣա
ҹʡ
ƽЩѪҹ˯ĸһѹвѣˣԸ֣ܶܲˡ
ٴŤͷһۣڻϵЦ޾ĺӣ̵ںģ塣
žһ£ƽʵƲˣһԥֱһҹʵϣϸ׵ָЩۣҹϵ.Ƥ߶ˡ
ţϵڴʱۣҹһĨɱ⣬ʹЩƽ㱻ϡ
㡭ƽʹ֧ţŵ÷С㿴ڻڶ
ҹѹɫָڻĲϣôһ˲ҪֱӰɱˣĻѹסɱ⣬Ƴһǽڡ
ڻϵɱͬһƣüĿں֡
ƽҲȥɻָʼӣȥûһ
Ųġᶯ󻹸
ƽȷԼûۻգգۣſ϶ûпڻйŹ֡
㷽˯ôҽ㶼вѣһڻڸ
ƽ˵ȥˣڻûǰϢôãЦ
˱ѹԭضãҹʵǰ΢΢ס򢣬һƬɫ
ˣң
ƽҡҡͷſڣǰһĴͿ˿ˡ

ǲΪҲɱ㣿ҹʿָⴥĲɤͳһƬŰ֮ɫ
ƽԭزҶˣ΢΢ɴһ˫ۣԭΪҹֻЩӣû뵽Ȼɱ
ܹоɱ⣬˲ֻܶ΢΢ʹҪˡ
ҹʺܿɿ鿴ȥ侲Щָһ䣬϶ӣҹǰʧˡ
Ӱĺܽܰƽʱ㿿ǽڣŷſɣЩͷƤ飬ƺҲڴ
ܾವġ
ҹʲԸſ϶סˣ⡣
ƽͼӰյۣǵԽԽˡ
һᣬǰٴһӰҹֻˡ
ҹϢʧָƽģһᣬקקĶ䡣
˭ĵӣң
ƽǽǣ缦֨ոҲû취ĬĬ룬˵ҹء
ڻҹ֮Ͳˣҹ˯ôҲЩΡ
оˣˡ
ҲǹģƽСǸʱ̫żˣڻϵɵʱڶкܶóҪǡ
㲻ѣһ˺¡
ѦŽ䱻꣬Щί￴Щ£΢΢ǰţԼֳŲŲǴʱҲš
ȥ޹ĲС
ƭϷݵĵͦ档
ҲûǸӡ
ǲŹ
ƽģоһѵԴϣ䶯˶ûҹʵĻش
ĶҹȥԶ̨̽һˮȻŲˮˡ
ٴαסƽʶҪܿҧأҹʾ㲻Ҫˮ϶Ҳʲôö
ҪҶι㣿
ҹ΢΢ʹˮĴŵһϢˮ˳ŴӴһֻ˳Ŵ˴֮䡣
ҩҪʢϣҪʰӣԡ
һ᲻.١
ƽס򢣬ҪܿԷҶȺ˲ˮ
ˮ˳ŴȥǺĿǻڸŲֱѲˮȥҹʲŷſ

ͣؿԣɤ仹ЩϢԺҹʣǻմһֲˮɤЩơ
Һȵʲô
ôһСᣬӶѾЩҹڵһߣԼһֻӵˮ
һȻ֪ˡ
ҹʽ⿪˶ҩҵҩܹе.ӱһʹӴ
ԭӵ
ƽϵӱ⿪ԭں£һκĸоȫû⿪ӣû
ǰ˶ӰƽֶֿŻúõģôô
һʢҪ𴲣ûô˯þڸо˯涼Ҫðˡ
ֹܶʢĵģԷŵɲݣȷ
еʣȲˮȺúȵĲˮ˿˿֡
ƽ.֮ᣬĿڲԶꡭǰɲϣֱضţɲݿ۶֭볢
ӺҲŽˣôͻȻôѵҹʸȵĲˮʳõģ
ʳȻ󲻸ԣƽκ룬ûмô񶾵ġ
ֱ̫ˡ
ֻ۾תȦȦЩƮƮȻоԼҪιȥˡ
ҹע⵽˴ϵֱضЦһλû
ӹ
ӼʶԺģֻۣö΢΢ţһ̧ؿԱֻһ
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 42  ¡
ҹ̽һֱ, ģˮһһҲϵзӦ
ûϵ, Եȡ
ΪˣҪĵԼ
ƽоⱲӶûô, ԴӴȥҪȥҹǰɲݣǻûָ߬ű, ͷ, ֱ˯ȥ
˽սҹǰɲ˽սֶֿ, С˶ڲͣشܡ
˵˯ɷ, С˶˵ֻҪ˯ˣͲҲˣѵһá
ƽЩ, ſڴ, ԭǶɲݵķ۾, ߲ݽı, ˯˹ȥ
˯ŵʱһֱӵסȼű, ˯ǰԼŵҪɲݾͺˡ
ҹֺˮˮû, ϵһֱû, ھ, ҪĿ࿴ˣӾȻôá
ǰҩܳŵס
յֵһᣬˮûˣԼų˼󻹳һιӵɲݡ
֪СʱȥˣϴС

ҹű΢ʼûзӦŴ˷СЩš
ת۵˴齱ߡ
ϵı˯հϸ׵ָһǱ죬΢죬شţȥ˯ķǳ
ʯзǳֻССĺ
ҹʣ
ǲţ˼֣קһӶ䣬۽޲˲Сһĵ֣űӻ˸
˭׼˯ġ
칦ҩǸˣ
ҹʿһŵӣ˼֣Ҫקѣ۽űڻһźԼˡ
ﾯȻںδ֮ǰһѱŴϵ꣬ǽɨ˹ȥ
ˡһɨȥǽڲûѿһ⣬ǰӳ
Ӱ֣ǽϵǽУȴˡ
Ϊ׵ǰһ̽ҹΧУָǣ淺ű⡣
ҹʱˣԭػεΧ̣΢üҽΪϵ
ͬųꪣ࣬΢΢壬Ǵš
˾ЩӱˣΪ֮ˣࡣ
ͬķϣǲɱǣڵ֮ǰҪίλˡ
˵Ŀȴѱŷ⣬ŻֻҪҹ˵һ䡰Ӧϳܹꪾᴩ
ҹЦˣˡ
ؾǧǰ޳ǣеȻûȴҲӵԼ˼׺Ū
ȻѾ¶Ȼ
ءһҵεѹҹʳʣԭطѳڽɨȥһ̣ԭʧ
ǵ⣬޴ͭ裬ͭлԾЦЦƿ޷ǿޣüӰģ塣
ҹûüȥ˲䱻һεĽסͣһ̣Χһͣ
Χ֣ҹʿű˯꣬Ķ䶯˶ɨţֻһֻý
أɢ޾ѹ··䣬ҹս˳żɢЦϢŰ
ãƽﲻ׼ɱˣɱʹˣȺʰˣٺúʰⱿӡ

ƽһ˯˯죬ʱ򣬸оˬ
ȻգգۣܵĻ
ĿİĵطѾ֮ǰʯˣԶƺѪõš˵ź͵
ŤͷһϤ
ҹĿؿ֪˶ãˣ
ۻĸƴƿһֱţΣյʱ˯ţմӵӳˡ
ǲõʱ䣿
ƽ֪ػʲôļ仹ͣʯǻԼʱҹһƣҹһֱء
ι˴ٽʳĲˮȻ˯ˣʣµľʲô֪ˡ
ʱע⵽ҹʵ״̬̫ãЩǱˣ򴦻Ѫ
еˣҹһֲۣСιĲˮҺˮˡ
ҹʱ˼֣˵˾䡰족˱ۣѹﱩŰϢֱɹ¡
Ӧøιҩ
߹ӣ֪.ֻгԳԺȺ˯֪ͽʲô۹⡣
Ѳרգ뿼һԼΪʦˮƽ
ʢҲˡ
ҹţоԼ̫Ѩ鶯һŭӿ㼱ģɤѪϢֱѹȥˡ
룬Ȼǻ߻ħ
ƽоҹˣ˵һ仰ҹϢˣȥ̫á
Ҳܹҹʰιˮûء
ôҹʷʼˡ
ƽ벻ףҹԶһЩĬĬرԼϥǣ֪ֳһҹʣҹƺˡ
Լø첲ȣûˣ֪ҹôŪġ
ӦӦʣҹں
ƽЩᣬԥһСᣬʵΪǻǴӵˣ
ҹʵĿ⣬֧ĶشһЩ΢ס۾һ㺦£ܸоҹʽƺıꡣ
֪ҹʱ鲻ôÿ㲻֪ԭ򣿡
ô֪ն˯ȥˣƽҡҡͷʵϵ֪
ڵǱ¶ˣм˾Ǿ֮ˣǹεס
ҹһ˵ţһ߿ָ⾾Ķ䣬⼸մ㣬˲ˡ
Σ굹˯㣬˯ŵʱ䣬·Щקá
Ҫȷ˯ˣͰצӿˡ
ƽŶ䣬΢ţ۵ʶҹýҹʼ򴦵˿ڣǱצӳġ
ѪѾɺɫˣ˿ڿЩˡ
֮ǰɽʢϵ˿ҲǱӳģҹࡣ
ʱʢûһʧȥǡ
ƽʶؾòѵ˿ҪЩӣܻ߻ħ
ʱ˵ᱻǣꡣ
ҹѾħˣں߻ħ⣬Ҳû취ȥҽҩеĵǣɤѪ·ȥЩŭҲɢ˼֡
Щһᴦ㵣ġ
ûٳȥѰⶾҩݣǵĽ绨
ƽŶԷ񣬶ҹѣŲ࣬ܵĻӦǳ⣬Χܻ
ǷҲǱڻйŹ֣Ǽǵģƽһ˼һҹʡ
ܿ㷢ˣҹʿƺ̫á
Щʶ
Ѧʢҩʢ䱻Уʱʧȥǡʱʢ۾΢죬ƲסԼϢһͷʧصҰޡ
ڵҹŬѹƣϢǳ˼֡
ƽëҪˣͬһɲپһΡ
ɰͰ͵ؿ˿ڣȥ濴ҽⶾҩݣҡ
ƽ˵վھ棬оԼһıĺԶϽ뿪
ĲҩңҰܳǳҩͽⶾҩʶġ
û߳ȥһǿҵѹϣҹϣ˼֣Եľ档
׼̤ȥ벽
ϵƽҹʵĿ⣬ҹбɫŰ죬ԭձˣʱӰżζ
ƽԭضãؿŽվϵĳմѪһεεڵϡ
ʶűˣҪ˺顣
ҹײֹӰ죬ջ£ǰӿɿ࣬.Ҫֱ˺ҧá
ڵƻǣһƽŲźͺ£˹ȥʱ껹Ҫܡ
ƽսԼĳ˱˵ڵϣҹҪҧһ̣󴦵Ľɳǰʢ
öסԼ۾֮еʹûдһ뻹Լ군ˣһߴײһ졣
ƽ΢ſһ㣬Сسȥ󴦶һҹʵĲӡ
ҹǰû˵û£Ѿȫʧأ˶·Ҫ˺顣
ɤɳƵͳ
ɵӲŹȥȥű
ʶطţҹʷ·һεؽ絲סˣҹʵΡ
ҹֻظŽ翴ͼײץ
һᶼûײ硣
ƽرƽȣָ΢һ㡣
ָһ̣дײҹʱһεѹţءһֱӹǰ
ƽ

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 43  Ҹġ
ƽһᶼûзӦ, ǰҹʣֿ󴦵, ܹ
΢קҹ˶ǰ, ˶ǹƶģǰŲЩȡ
ƽ󴦵Ҳû뵽ôһק, ҹʵ˿ֱѿ, Ѫڵϡ
㡭ƽֹߵʱʢ󴦵Ľӡʢİɣ
ͷ, ܿջ˼, ǰҹʣקקҹ˸ĸ, Ҫ˹Ҫƽ
ƽϰ˹ǰ, ɿɡ
, һ, ·ν⿪ҹʲָܹŵ, İȥŨصҪ
ʲô
һû㷽ʲô, ƽ, ε, أС˵ġ
ƽԼ³ˣΪ󴦵ĽӡڸֳһʢʱĽӡࡣ
Ҫߣʢ䵣ΪͣԸӡ˶ᷢ
ʦߣֻ˸ƺҸҵġҪɱңӡᷢƽǲµģûлػ꣬Ҫˡ
ں֪طӦԺֳ︡ʢһжָⲻԾض˶
д顱һҹʷӵڴ˿ֱȹ˵ϣƽűߣȫū̬
ҹָ΢ףʱﻹ֪ʲôƱ֮˵жū
ūͨףǸģֻΣյʱ򴥷Լѡǿ߽֮˻ΪūūֻˣΥˣūҲһ
ȱάֲ̫ʱ䣬գҲһ¡
ĳ֮Լ⿪
ԷٴιԼǰƽЩΣǶ˶ָȫľٶյĲϤ
Ҳ֪ջأԲջأȻᱻҹ˺顣
ʲôҹԼŵٴվɭɭضɤζ
ʢģ
ҹﰵãһɢŰϢһֳţϢңԵĻûаѹȥ
ȳȥѰĲҩƽԸ£˵Ǹ磬ʦֵܣĸǺø磬Ȼʢ֡
˵ˣǻʢг
ţȥҲҩ
ƽ󴦵ʧȻҹɱεĽ絲š
Ϊҹʸţҹʱ㲻ܸš
ƽͣ˵һ䡰ţȥҡҹģҲˡ
һ˳ڲϡƽսԼĽ棬ҹʲĽ磬ԶԶĿȥһƽأֻй˽ܿ
ĲҩͨԵܻţҩ̣ͨϣҹʱ⣬ҹȥѰʡ
Զŵıֻ֣ܰѥڲݵ
ƽ۹·˷ϸܵĶΧǵө棬ڲɼ
ߵֵľͷ־ͷһԼԱϢޡ
ֻ۾۾ۣڵͼޡУԽԽԽǳޡʵԽǿ
˵ǿʮޡܽӽΡ
˺վ
ƽ棬Ա߿ҩݣԵ⣬ȥһСƬ˸ǹ⡣
ս˳ͷԼġһʱոʢûʲôЧƺû츳
棬˺ĳ̶ȣ˵ȴѣ֮һҪѱȱ˶ʮŬ
ģҲֻϹضѣƲ϶ϲ
ʢǰ㣬һտڽüʱ
ƽţֿһԶϢޣҩԱߣȻΪ˵Ϲ
õҩݣ϶Ҫ취ޡ
ɫ䣬ƽӴ鵽ڣһֻ϶ûɱЩţԼĽڴʱͣ
𡭡ǲԣ޻ѰΪ߸ǵķ÷Ϊ߸ǡ
ûԱʲôܹܾأ
ƽС˶ڴˣһС˶һɷˣȥȻǣ
һ飬ս˳ý׼Զޡ
ԭ˯ʱ˶һιֻۡ۾ͬʱһֻ滺ƶ΢죬ֻͬʱԶꡣ
ȫһؼƤдֲڵ·ƤؼӲǹһס
ҳ޲ӵĵطëëƤʣֻҪý̽ǲƤʣܹ׵ĸԴ
ɤ䷢һͺصʪƽýޣʪe͵ĺһ㡣
ó
δצʹſ˳˹ʺĳ࣬ǳһһѪģĶ
ƽһᵽɤۣ޳˹һ̣ʶرýȥצץĽ˲ȥ
צץһĺۼҪ۵Ľгˣɤ䷢һ͵͵ƺ˱޴ѹ˵ϡ
ýţǳĽ˿޵ʱɤ䷢ǿ֦Ƥϣ˶Ĥۡ
ƽָųɫף޵ֻ۾ͬʱпˮ˳ŵ䡣
ˮԱߣ޲ƤֻҪһ̹ȥ޾ͻ̵¡
ֻҪһ̹ȥ
ƽĪĿ־壬κģ㱼ǿѪǰӣ˱ճĺɫС
ˣ·׹־ج֮УѪڽɴ
ָЩȫһ亹֪Լô£Ҫ𡭡
²֡
֪Ӧȥûָ΢ס
һŨī֭ޱߵĺɫ
ƿһ̣˫ۣɳɳӰζ
·һֹ̾ˡ
ƽûиоκʹһľ磬ޱߵ֮ƺֻʣһˣۺһᣬ˫ۡ
ԼܹоԼ˫۱һ£·Ǵ
ۣǰ޵أԭػ˺ɢ
ƽ˺һᣬȷԼûпۣûˣֿԼ˫֣϶ġ
ҲûմѪ
¹ƽֻԥһСᣬû޲ãߵҩݣ۾ɿعȥժҩݡ
ûаɱˣԼˣƽ·Ͻҩݣϱӳ˿ڱ
·ϻŵô£ܿ뿪ˣԼǼ˱ˣﻹСūڵء
ƽһҩݻ̤ţҹڽﱻţۣصȥ޲ðʬΡ
ȥҩݣ㻹ôҡСһ䣬һ䡰ǡͦᵹһҡ
ѦһС
ʢһ䣬ڹƾûˡ
ƽҩݷڵϣƹȥýˣֳҹʱٴι˵ϡ
ײһ𷢳죬ҹָŵأǰͷ䲻֪˭ĵģһЩĶ
ֻҪһ㷴˼ͻֱһڵϣֱԭΪֹ
ҹһƬǰС꣬ѹסıŰ.ܹĲ걳˵ͼ
棬ӣǲ굱ѡϲ⣬³ǵһŵĹ
治֪ĸø硭ı¡

*
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ࣺҸģ
ʢ䣺ţ


 44  ˹
ƽһûע, ҹֳˣЩ⣬֪δġ
ôǹ, ûҶ
ҹԼġ
ҹʣȭͷӲ.ˡ
ƽҹʣҹֹŻȥ, ЩŤ˶Ӱǳ⡣
ͲҪȥùͷˣҷŶԸ, ˵˵, ԼҲء
ƽҩȥһߣСƿԼ½, ҹͬĽ, õҹܹ
϶һЩ࣬ԼԼҩһһЩ, ϵ˿ڼѪ, ˿̻Ĵۣҿ˿ǳ, רĲҩ, ȥһ㲻ˡ
ǱҹʱʱһײһĶƺͼ⿪, ûһͰˡ
ƽЩ˯ȥ, ˯ǰ뵽, 
Ӧùȥ, ҹ⣬ҹʽʢ䡣
Ҳ֪ʦǱôˡ
ţ˯ȥüĿʹʱ˰֮С
ڶĵһ±ԼϵѾʧˡ
ƽоЩ棬Լһ澵ӣſ˺һᣬȷ˿ʧˡ
վȥ˽䣬ҹڴȥѾȥˣ˿ڱɫɫҲ
ֱָЩ̬
ƽҹʵȥڣǵûɡ
ҹʿһۣЦһƾΪȥǸնʹͲˣ
ǻڣƽ˻󴦵ҹһۣñҡ
ҲһЩƽȥʦֻϡ
˵ţקקӣ㻹վ𡣡
ˣҹڽûǴƣԵĲ
ҹʲ˩ӣѪӿƽﾭϢȣòҪٻľйȥȻ
ƺϢƽһЩΪǰ꣬ÿһΣɤ·Ѫ޲̰˺飬ϧû
ƽҹںݻˣԭҹ۸ǳ䣬ֻ۸ҹʵķݡ
ֲ۸ˡ
߰ɣҿ˺õͦ졣
ƽקקӣ걻קһһΣҹɢϢ
ò£֪ҹô
Ŀ⿴ವģǸϽҹʽʢ䡣
˳о벢ԶҪţ֮ǰһع̨ЩɹĻ˽ȥ
ƽ۷ҹʻ·סϵϢǣŸ
żյڣзǳ֣ȼϿգΪһģ
˶ߣйҲoƽҹҪȥ
ȥǱ߿
ƽʶǰߣҹǰߣԴҹʱ֮󣬾ͱ÷ǳִĻҲࡣ
һڲвڷ
ײһͦģΧûע⵽ǣƺֻ
𲻸ˣԼƲסԼҪȶҶ֣ƽҹˣߵһ㣬ҹʵǻ㣬ҪҴж˿顣
ҹЦȻá
ƽҹһۣҲô˵ѽ
Сһ䣬קҹʣҹʹߵúҪͣشߴ١
߿㣬ȥǱߵߡ
ƽܿ챻ϹŵעһЩЩ죬ÿεʱϽģλɾ
ֱǷ⡢ڡ
ͨѩףβʢһ̽üɰƣ΢·
Ǻɫüмз·β΢ţƵΩΩФղнƣ˾ñ¡
ڣڵͬͨѩףβ˺ƣͬʱüĴ˼ɫӡǣͼ͸¶Ź죬ЦЦȥ˵ĸоЩʡ
ߣиֹ޹նʹūߣߡۻҡ
ƽָָȿǸקקӣҪǸ
˼ҹʸǮҹƳһۣﶼλεķ̣ȻԸǮ
뻨ҵǮ
ҹʻû˵꣬оһεѹĳɫ˼֣нӡ˸Щڵϡ
棬ֱӹҲҪˡ
˵￴Цء
ƽֳ˳ҹʵӣЩߴٵζҪҲһ㿴ɫǳ˵ġ
ߣҹɫܵγˮóʯ
ʯѳһСѣƽݸߵС磬СЦеذ߸
ƽܿģֻʯһҹԼȰߴˡ
õǷߣסֻ¶һ˫۾ԭǷǳĳ࣬Ϊʼ˼֡
β׺Ľ̽Ƴɣԡ
ôǲǺܺÿƽôһ䡣
ҹʿǰ꣬ôһ˲Щޣ΢΢ʱ򣬻ƽܲһ
̧ۣܿԶ׼żִĿģĨת˲š
ˡ
ҹһ˳ôҲڲס
ƽҹһʶ΢һֻ߸ҹʴˡ
ѡһֻߣ˵ѩλǳªÿˣҲİ̺ۡ
ѩҲƽָŹҹʱøߣҪ΢΢ţϵҹʵԴ档
ָҹʵգҹضƤרעĸҹϵӣûע⵽ҹڴ
ҹվԭûҲûҷ˵һҪڵϡǰ꣬ܽרע棬ǰעһЩ޹ؽҪϡ
ڣרעذߣϵϢ΢΢ţֱֻ΢̧մǳŵϢ
ƽܿϵˣ󴦵ҹʵĲҹʵļ򣬾ú⡣
ߺöˣûôˡ
ߣȥǱ߿ʦڳ
ŵĵӺնʹӦһҹʣҹʲ˵ӲԸȥ
²ڳӦѴȻڣնʹŵĵӶϯҲж
ᶯ֣ȥҲﲻʲôæ
ҹʿǰ꣬һŵūˣһҪŪӡһֲòעָǰꡣ
Ϊ갮ڣ΢ע⣬ᱻţҲűǰ
ֻܾ꣬걣űȽϽľ롣
ﲻæҲҪȥƽȥ˶ĵطϢڲǰϳնʹȥе硣
ڲѾǰƽȺһͬȥǱߣ·ﶼ̻𣬽ʲôĶС
ණҹʸǮʵЩ棬ҹʹȥҹŵĶĶѾûпýˣڱš
㿴ǱߵʦǲǾǱߡ
Զһŵĳţ¹ᴩŵһһ޴ɫϵƹţӳ貵ĺ档
ƽҹҪȥҹʶ㲻ܻΣŵӣױϳ
Ϊߵģ۷Ҳײߵģֱܻӿ۷
ƽҹ˵еȥӱ߿ǹȥʦִϢ
ô˵ҹԸһЩˣű˺ܶ࣬ǰ棬ҹʱںš
ǰߣҹʿüζЩײˣûôģҪײ˵ʱַһѡ
㳤ǳõģ
ƽֻߵż˵㣬ҹô˵طп·ײˡ
ԭڸҹ˵ഩų۵նʹ۽ɨʲôƽôʹȴ׼ȷȺҵһĨϤӰ
ΧƻԶԵ£걳Ӱͦ޳ñɢЩɫķ˿վԱߵնʹʲô
Ҫһʦ֡ǲߣԶʢת
ʢվȺ֮Уձ信Ŀ׼ȷϣʱЩ¶ȡ
źߣϵԵһɫ߸ǧǧȺһ
ƽʢ䣬ﻹ˵ϱˣ˹ӣ˳ʢȥˡ
ԭصҹʣ
ͷһμô죬˼֣·˿̵á
ҹʿԼĵɲСŴ׸⣬ֿ껶ܹȥӰоɤѪӿ
һ죬ñ߻ħ



 45  Ҷ֡
ʦ֡
ƽ, ʢǰµ˫΢Ц⣬ԭʶر˹ȥ, ʶ˲ס
ʢǰԹԵվã󴦵Զʧ, ûܡ
ʢ곯˹ԭ׼Ҫ˵ģָ΢˶겢û, ִָȥ
ʦ, ŵģƽˣ׹ȥ
ʢ䡰šһ, һ, ִôûкһ𡣡
ſ, ŵǱ, Ժǰ겻һ
ǷִֿеҺҹһ𡭡ƽᵽҹ, , ŤͷѾ, 󴦽ӡأҪҵҹʺס
ûΣգ
, ȥ˵ǡƽ, ʵ, ʦ֣󴦵Ľ䣬ǲģ
ʢ΢٣䴥ˣ
˵ţҲ˼֡
˵ƽһŵնʹʦǲǺæ
֪᲻ʢ䣬ԭؾᣬԱߵǰʢ˵ʲô

˶࣬նʹͨ˼ɵηĴڡƽʢ˲ŷ֣ͣĻʢһ
ﲼõĺѰķ࣬˷֮ƽſЩҲԼϵĽ䡣
ҺʦͷֿˣһǶһӣƽڵǷһЩ⡭
ʲô⣬ʢûʲôģһһʮ˵ˣ䴥ԭ
ʢ赭дʣνģ
ƽȥҵҩݣȥš
ᵽƽûɱޣԼˣҲ֪ô¡
Լʱĸо
ͷɻʱûкʢ˵
ʢ䣺ûˣ
Щˣܿˡ
ҹʷûпн䣬ҵƽò⣬֪Ӧδ
ƺǿʲôʢ޷һʦȻϱţ㲻ٸһˡ
һͬ˵ʣµӣҡ
Ƕתתֻصʢ
ƽʾ֭룬ȫǰæһԼŬ֯õϢ
ʦ֣ҹȥǣԭǻӭǵģҹʸңúõȦףʱ˯ȥ˲֪
岢ӭǣͬ壬ƺ֪Ǿ֮ˡ
յӦж
ʢ䡰šһָԿǣ岻ǣΪԼļ˾ܹǷǾˡ
һжѾˣǳֻץסǡ
ƽŶһԭʢʲô֪
ûбܿʢָ⣬Щʢָϣһᣬʵ㷽˵˲ˮ˯жʲô
ᵽƽеˣƺʳĲˮˣ֮ٷʲôҲǵá
ҲǵˣӦûСƽϸ䣬еۣûˡ
ʱҹأҲʲô
ҪҰ㿴ʢЩģԺӣ˵˯ʱʲô֪
ǰ㣬˻뿪޳ǡ
ʲôƽеˣѲǿˣȷʵôֻۣ֮ǰҹ߸µ䡣
ܹµ֪޾οʱ˯ˣʲô֪
ʦҪο
ƽʢôһᣬ֪Ҳе㵣ģʱҲûע⡭ûиовĵط
˶ۣҹʳιȥĶ䡣
Ҫ·
ƽ̽һ䣬ʢ޵ʢûĬϵ˼
ֻˣʱϵģ֮úܽƽۺ£ָûж
ʢߣƽʦǰ˵δ֮ǰ.¡
⻰ʢ˵ģһֱţںҪʢˡ
㣬ʢ΢΢ͷָⰴס½󣬡Ϳԡ
ʦҪοƽеɻ󣬺֪ܿˣʢϴǰ㣬ƿһ½
½ƿһЩƽ֪ʢǵЩ˼΢΢ЩָţԷָⴥƤ΢ЩӦ
Ϊ󿿣ϵˣһߣƽЩ̲סץסʢ½
ʦ֣Ҫһ𡣡
ֱ·أһȥеܲˡ
ʢָһλãζʵŪģ
˳ſһۣһСƬ࣬Ǳ˵ʱġ
Ǻ޶Ծʱ򣬲Сˤϣġ
ǰһҩϴѪ˿ʧˣϵಢûʧ
ʢָ˿ڴһ£оۣʶرʢ仳㣬ڼסˣʢʢʲôӦʶҪˣ͵
ʦ֣ۡ
ƽԭʢ½ʢǱ߿ʢ΢Ӳ׼Ҷ
Ȼô˵ϻǷЩָ΢΢طֱˤϡ
ԽǲҶԽҶƽʢҪʢһЩ飬ʢ䲻侲ʱ򣬺˼
С˼ôҲزסָʢ½Ȼʢ仳ܹ䵽ʢ·ŵϤ÷㣬ܺš
ʦ֣鷳ҿɲֱ˸㿴
ǲǾͿȷûˡ
ƽʢ仳ܵԼŵ·Ӳʯʢɫ䵭ЩȻϣܿƿߣЩĮ
δףǰ£պһὫҵˣҶ֣Ը⣿
ƽʢСڿˡ㲻СĿ˱ˣҲ𣿡
ʱȫû뵽ʢԭҲԲˣʢ䲻룬ȫˣȻļ衣
ʢԻظᡣ
ֻǰرģСޣκ˶ͬ·ǰ꣬͸ģŻѷ֣Ψһġ
ƽ֪ʢʲôʶʣΪҲС
ʢء
бǲС
ʢ꿴ȥܾͬڣָһë׵Ķ΢һ¡
ôһƽ֮ˣʢ仳ʶ߬ʢ½ʢ仳
ʦ֡㡭ʲôƽϺ͸βͶûô֣΢΢̧ͷʢ䣬ʢ䵭ϸ׵ָ߬ʢ½΢ʹ
ʢ΢˶٣ϵĸ˳˳ëҪҶ
ͳɤߣƽʢ仳ʢţܹоʢƽ˼֡
ΪβҶҺۡ
ƽЩʢϵļӣʢ仳˲䣬ʢûа취̧ͷһ˫׵


 46  ᶪ㲻ܡ
ƽ۵, ĪЩļ£ԭץʢ½ָ΢ɿ, ʢ仳Ҳˡ
ܵľΣա
ɿʢ䣬ǳʶȤҶ, ԹԵʢ仳ſţʢˡʢÿζƿһ㣬ָ䵽λõС룬ò̫, Ŷ˶
ʢΪ½, Ŀϣʢ˼
ʦ֡Ҳһ
ʢšһƽЩŵ, ҲʢĻ
ؽ⿪, ûʲôüģԭʲôֱʢ, оЩڡ
ԭİ, Ƥ׾ѩûһ̺, ֱ˫½¡˳Ь, ֺһ˫΢΢£, ΢ۡ
ƽԼ˫΢΢סȸûʲô, Ψϥ, ֪ʲôʱĵġ
ʦ, Ӧûˣϥǲ֪ʲôʱĳġ
ƽĲڣ΢죬һʢ䣬ʢĮǱĻһϸΪˡ
֪ʢǵʢֻǿ˿ϥǴˣܿñ˫ȡ
ЩͿҩһȥϡ
ƽӦһɿذ·ãʢĿâڱԼϵ½ϵģûϵãһ˫޳ʡ
㣬ʢָÿ֣½⿪ϵᣬϵ۴˶ñỵ
̫ϵãƽָ΢˶ûǴĻʢĺƺҲܳ
ȻʢϴһĺᣬԼƺҲЩ⣬⿪´һǳġ
ע⵽ʢ΢šüۿʢҪϵһ飬סʢָ⣬ʦ֣ͦãͦÿġ
ʢ俴һᣬջ֣Ժϵ
ƽóѽ
ʦ֣Ҳȥʦ𣿡ᣬʢߣջ֡
ȥʢ˼֣ҹһҲŵģ
ǣƽʦȥﲻңҺҹȥһЩ
ϾΣҹйһȥȽϺʡ
ʢû˵ʲôĿ۷סĶϣƺܹĶ䡣
֧֧⣬£ʦ֣ϻ᲻бȽŵӣǿаô졣
ñߣʢ䣬˹ʡ
ƽŶһȡñܸ֮ʢˣܿġ
նʹűã¶һŴų۵꿴һ۳ڷƽЩԥ
ʢû˵Ĭϵ˼꿪˿ڡ
ʢʦ̨֣̽Ϸ󷨣ͼơ
󷨿ܻڽյϴǿҪ󷨣
ʢڻ󷨻ᱻǲȥںδһЩ˹ȥţյ֮ٶ֡
˵ǣܿʧڷƽȫԱţʵʦ֣ŵǶĵӣ
ʢӦһ˶նʹ
նʹ֮ףǸʹ
ΰŵݡͬһаԴаϵķǳĬ
ʢ˼ߴһġʦ֡ӱţ΢Ц⣬ģϸ׵ָ⳶ָָԶ
ʦ֣ܲҲװնʹߣ㲻ϳˡ
ʢ俴˼ǲ˶ĵطע˵˸á
ʦôôãһһʦִһ𣬿ɲԡ
ƽʢ彩Ӳڲͣʢ֡šһԴ϶һֻ֣ʢԿǣЩȻ
ᶪ㲻ܡ
*
ǳ֣ƻ֣ذ׺ߣ֯һ貵ĺ
볤ŲԶѩߵڰͷһ׷նʹֿһʧķü˼֡
ײһ𷢳죬źɫñۣƣںڰš
Ѧ΢Щ⡣
ū
Ѧģ𷽲ſһĻѾ³ô¡
ˣɤºͣ䣬޺ʢ䶼ر뿪ʱҲѵ㣬ô㲻ԡ
ر𣿡ѦշűɨһѪֳתôر𷨣ʲôᣬôر𡣡
ûнӻ㰲ѦҲʶԼĻףôһζ
عܱ˵£ӦöԼڰº͵˴ġа䣬Ҳ㡣
Ѧֳû˵
ʢᣬԼʦĽ֮顭ΪǷޣ̤Ϊ
ֻһԭʧ
֪ȥʴˣ֪ʲôݡ
ﰲֻʣѦһˡսԶķֿԼʳġ
ܿͬԭʧȫڵϣڵɢһء
*
ʱҲƣƽһնʹۣͨڣгµĻơŷߣЩʢնʹࡣ
һЩԵ֫ݣӯӯһգñз紵ֻܿһžµķߡ
ʲôҲ
ƽʢնʹҪͬһͬ磬䵱ְ𣬱֤ϲ⡣
ϵĻһյһյмһ޴̨̽ԵԵĺ棬ºʢϯλ
̨̽룬Ҳں룬з̨̽ϱݣӱߵҲܹ
ƽĸʢǰ࣬͵͵۲ˡ
ʱ½ˡ˺ܺϣǴ·޹ͼƣǧʮǣԼص㣬ŷĹҲһ
ȻŵӣŵӴĶǵۣȺ
նʹһһڰĴ˼Ĳˣϸ̨̽轣ĺŮëһһʽд
дǰʼаĴң޳̨̨ǻǻ
Աߵ̾ҼҴΪͷ۲ѣаңѵǳаգǰЩӷб˺üնʹѹǣǾȻؾۼһ𹥻նʹ
λһۣ߸λһϢ޳еڣλŵѰаҵԴͷڳв󷨣аһ򾡡
ԭаֵĻ̻̣նʹڣԾĻ˼ɣ̾һȺ˼졣
˭֪ǲǻ˵ģвã˵˵֮ģ
Ⱥ˽նʹЩִֻ
ƽ͵̸̸ܹ˽⵽Ҳ͵ϾЩ˿˼նʹ˵Ҳûпѹ͡
̾˵ļٵģô׾ٵ˵ˣ
Ǻ˵ģնʹڣӦʲôӡ
ƽţȺϣ˳ſȥ
ϳ˸ƣȥβķ˼ȥл˵
ʢԶƽȥýʢӡ
ʦ֣ʦҹȥл˵
ʢ俴һ۲Զķ򣬶ƽҸһȥ
һ˹ȥŲģڴʱˣҲܲ³Ϊʲô
ʢҪһȥͬ꽻һ䣬ͷվԭʢڵλá
βλûʲôˣ˹ȥҲûעƽڴβתǴ
ҲŤͷһģЩΡ
䣬ǲͬӪǲǶЩ̫ʡ
ʢĮʲôʡ
߽ƽϣɤºͣʮߣȹл˵



 47  ҡ
ƽһʢ, ʢ΢΢ͷȥˡ
ߣԭε֯һ, º͵ҹûһ, Ϊȥʢ
ҹҪɱңҲٴߣƽ˶ٵΪ, ҪҸһ𡣡
Ҫɱ㣿ɫ, ô£
ƽµĽ, ´ؾ, һʵš
ʦ֣ƽһ²֪˵˵뻹˵, ҾýŴ֮ǰ, Ӧһ
ƽָ΢µ˼, ܾ˵ĸоЩ֡ͨĵӡ
֪ǲǴ, ˡ
ºͣ΢΢ͷ, 㲻ص, ½Ҵ, ǲ, ҲҪţʱõĳϻᴦ
ƽͷʢߣҲôġ
ҽҪ㡣
ȷһ磬Զ䵭һֱעǵķһгĶʢƻ̳ʡ
ɻǵǵ񣿡
ƽͷǵݸһţڵƺ¶ˣ֪
ǵñãҪ㣬ӻóһֽŷ⣬ŷͼƣӡм䣬ǻһϢ
ҿ²ڳжŵĵΪܻ֮ܵƣľƺܻҡ
Ž㣬жϣķˣаնʹǿһҲпȫǡ
ƽЩ⣬˼ȫǡʲô˼
˼û΢΢ԶͷҹĻһſĺ
ǧǰʧڵͼϵĹųǣĿϣ΢΢Цʧԭֻ֪ţȴ֪ԭ򡣡
Ϊô˵ܿͻ֪ˡ
ƽЩԺЩ¶ΪҪŽڳʲô˼
ʦΪΰŽңҪȥ
΢΢һЦ˵һ仰һķԭʧ
бҪ顣
βĵģˮŻε¹ѾûӰ
ǰһ仰ƽһûлǾ仰Ҫʢ䡣
˶ʢ䵽ߣû˵ʲôһ
ȷû֮ɿ
ƽһûлع񣬰ôҪ񽻸ԼʤΡ
ʦ֣֪ʦȥ𡣡
ʢԼв²⣬һ۸꣬šһǲԣǰˡ
粢ô򵥣οŵӶˣܳҲѾˡ
ƽ֪ʲôԵģĻ˵Ͼͻ֪ˡ
һȥ̨̽иŮڵáããɫصŮɴ棬ָⲦңǻ죬֮żֱ롣
ԭһƬгɫգڸŮͣʱŵһվˡ
ŵһ̣ܰŵӱڣ޳һһȵĽգҵ޳һʱ䣬ڴ˶ͳչˣһνˡ
ŵ˵Ҫ̨̽裬ûзԵĵ
λδڣһֱԱߵ̾˵̾˼ǳ˼
ʱ̾ٴο˿ڣǱͷλˣ˺ڴλĽ衣
ŵӸһ񣬳ߵĵӵʲǫ̂̽ΧĵƱյ
̨̽Ƿģ̨ϸ˵ߣǱĵյעʱ̨̽϶Ӱ
ƽע˳ſȥܿ㷢Щԣ̨ϵŵӡնʹۡ
һӴնʹۣһаߣڹУһһʽܹһնʹһа
ƽ΢һЩⲢͨ轣ŵͨ轣͸¶ʲôϢ
նʹܿааڵϣ鿴ȥЩʹ࣬ʧԭء
аʧһ̣նʹĽһ޵ĺնʹûע⵽û߳Զնʹ
նʹڿһ̣ˣնʹûзӦӭĽᴩѪ˳ŵڵϣأҲŵˡ
ƽ̨ϣʶ̨ͣµնʹԭػһź͸һάʱģصԹ
ʦ֡ǡ
ƽˣչʢаúЩͬаԹһЩǰӵԼ˼
ֹ˶ˣ̨š
ɱնʹаֻǵһնʹΪȾа䣬ͬɱˣҲвֵġ
һնʹ²֣ûɱȾаͬ飬ܿ㸶˸ĴۣȾаնʹаᴫȾ
аһնʹɢ
նʹУ̨ϵնʹ࣬ҲгģȾаĻᴫȾˡ
Ⱦаնʹɱˡ
ͬԶ֡
̨ϵŵŽնʹۣý׼ͬų³۵ĵӣһ˽δɢһ˽˿˿Ƶĺ
ǧǰа䣬аʼֻնʹ֮ӣΪɱأʢɤƽҲ˵Ϊðɣɽаնʹϣʾ͡
նʹΪնаմѪаƲ
ŵһնʹǲаҵԴͷаֻնʹ֮ӡ
̾ɫҲЩ
ʲô˼Щҵаԭնʹ
ֲֻնʹԭԼвնʹǱ͸¶ȥˣ֡
ȷаֻնʹ֮дȾǴȾͨô졭ʱɾͲˡ
˶ʶغ£˲رԹƽɱ̫ˣȾаҲӦаǿЩܿǱȾˡδǸ
ȻѾȾа䣬ΪγҪǡź
˶ûнӻĬǱû˷Ҳû
ϵĿɶնʹ
ƽ˳ſȥնʹ٣ûһ˿ڣǳĬĵֻԼ
Щ˵޹ʹҪ
ʦ̨֣ݵ𣿡
ʢĬĿ̨ϣʲôתָ꣬ԭزһ硣
ţһ᲻Ҫܣҹ㡣
ʦ֣ƽԣûüΪʲôԶءһ̨̽ϼŵӱطɳԶ̨޵ĺźӳ
˲һţƽԭվţϵգһ̣סߵԲ¡
ų˺ֵЩʱģеʹࡢеԹޣееڱֿޡ
źд΢Ŀ޺ϵĵˣ޴ĻϣȺ춼Ⱦˡ
ƽЩֵͻȻһۣĿ΢ɢʶһ
гһӰƽŰպ˶ߡֻһƣںڰ֮УһͳĻߡ
ҡ

*
лҪ˵
о飬һ־黹Ҫдģд飬Ҿ㣬ίôôô


 48  ¡
ƽЩѣ, ڵסһֻʣһþõػصδɢ
ס
һ۵, ԶСӴŻŮߣڻԱվ, СǺĿ࿴ȥҪû
֣ȺļʱնʹŵĵӶæŶԸа, ûо˼ϵǡ
ۼһ͸ĺע, ҪŴŮߵСӹȥƽǿסҲûر̤˽硣
һ, ߴĿ޺, սָЩԭЩԥÿҪνһεֹ
ںҪᴩСŮһ, ͣ, ͫ΢һ£һ䡰Сġ, ǰ˵һߡ
ɤĿԵ΢, ûСŮҲûʱ䷴Ӧ
յĲ, ƽоһʹﱧһ, ˺, Ƥһ, صʱʶԼ档
ײ˼壬ƺһЩŤ
û°ɣƽԼ۵Ŀˣʹ˶ԭزܶŻŻŮߵСŮû£һ
СŮԭڿޣʱ΢΢һ˫Ƶ˫۶ƽһ߳ҭһʵлл硣
ƽñԼñãСŮתͷֿŵּ
硭аڡ
ƽҲܺ£Сȶڴ¶ˣСǰδ̫
£ᱣ㣬ƽôС˵һ䣬ڰοСŮҲڰοԼսԼĳ
аɨһȥ
ƫ˼֣ǿеĺʶԱ߶һ£ʵ˲а
еĺעڰţԭЩɵֽǳоԼǱˣˣСӷơ
аӦҪȥʰ˵ʱԭѾûˡ
еĺתתתתڴҵˣСŮȥûб沨һߡ
ƽʲôҲᣬǻģûҲûбѹСŮɿˡ
ܰȫҪȥ
ƽСŮ£ôһ䣬Ťͷʱײ磬ʢ䲼µĽ磬аײĿСŮŵֺ˼
ûµģײ
ƽԷһַ˷ԼĴҵаķǷ֮ǰġ
״һذ׹ǣƽѷСŮаҿ㡣
ǵζҪȥȸ硣
ѷó֮аֹͣײ磬˳ȥԶǲʮּɵĶ
ƽģѾС˶ڿˣĺۣʦҲ֪
ʢҲ˲ƽԼҪƻȥżӵʹ̤˽硣
ɱаɱܾˡ
ƽǿⶼں棬ϼܵˣ취Ǵڴ࣬ᱻգаҲû취ȥ
ϵˣаɵĿȫǣƽһۣŵιȥˣӦԼñȻӶ϶֧
öѪȫѪ
ƽɫףﺦ£ܵľͿˣ໽еˣҲûıק˵˽Ǳߣֱڽпս͡
ǰȫĵطϻûУҪ̤ȥ
һ·קһ±ƣǰ߶Щƺ£±Ƶصͷתַɿˡ
ߵԽԽ࣬ܶע⵽ˣþȵ˻Ằǰȫĵط
ԼϺܶ˿һĻ
һնʹۡñĴˡնʹżʱ򻰶Щ˵Ҳܵͦ죬Ϊ̫ŶԵмִ³кü˶ܹһ±Ƶıġ
ǶնʹĹӡ󣺳Ĺɱ¾ûиǻ˳·նǱ㲻ˣΪϹӡ
ͷһؼʻնʹ˵Ŀԣȥʬ壬һа˶ҪιȥˣܵĵĿ죬һֱĴžˡ
ͬ˵ɤ͵͵ģᣬƺſ˵Сӣ᲻ڵİο
û˰һʦȥѰף̨̽Ǳȥˡ
ƽЩΣȾߵˣȶܶˣ̨̽ǱߺأȥȫͲˡ
Լм֪֮ġ
Сӱ޸ͣһ߿һߴã磬ȽŲãų̂̽ҷŻˡ㣬ܾܲȾ
ֻʣˣΪаģ˵һЩǮԭùġΪң״ҹ
Сӿ޵ۿģѾ߰ĺˣӱȽ죬ῴնʹǿΨһĵݡ
ɤۣżֲ
ֱӱ磬㡭ȽŲãаҲû취ӳġ
ƽСǰ¹СԼûһ۵ģСһ䣬С
ںδҡҿȥҲȷܲҵ
˵ԱţԭȱƽȵСŮŹͷŻŮߣɤдŲԸ
粻ܹȥ约аȥġ
ԱҲмͬ
Ҫ˹϶ᱻа׷ϡ
ôͲҪΪˡ
Ǿǡ
ƽ
е죬ЩˣҲֱ˵ѽֶǰСкһ˫ۣˣѧʢԿȥСкԿǡ
ҹȥҵףʹ
ƽԭǶŵģСкжϡﻩֹͷƽؿڷܵʱײ˴壬ڻء
лл硭ء
СкôһײײͷۻҪιȥˣκŽ̤˽硣
ƽȥСкλą̃̽ܽѾ˰ǣӣСرܿа˽ȥ
̮ݽ￴һɫȹýѾƿѵŰ壬ŰŮӶߡ
ʢߣǺòɨ˴󲿷ֵаֻʣ¼ĴӴܣ̨̽ϵ󷨱Ƿסһ˻ס˳ˡ
ʢʦ֣㿴Ǳߡǿʦܣ
дЩȷô˵ʢҲ˳ſȥ
ӵĵطñһŮӣŮοȥЩ֣ȹ¿ģϸܿû˫ȡ
ʢǵãڽ紦׼Ҷ˳ſȥԼµĽ翴Ⱥ

ܿ㣬аҪ׷ˡ
ѽܿ㡭
ҪֱӰӹǽš
˶ڸżҪֱӰӹὨˣڨڨر졣
ƽҲܿ㣬ûˣϵŮӿȥᣬһҲᣬ֪ǲǴܾԽ߲Խء
ܹܵаڸ۽ܹɨŵĺżͣҪԼٿһ㣬ûа취ܿˡ
ۿźǰָЩԼĶҲǷ߷·ܹԼ
ָһ̣΢ۣڴԼҪˣɤ䱻ŵ÷
һʧˣƽָǷף򴦴ʹϵŮӵҲʶسһȥ
۽Ƿ·𻮹һ⣬ƽΪԼǻۣմĻ
͵
ƽϤ䵭ԼϵŮҲһնʹס΢ġ
ʦ֣ƽ̧ͷһϤʢڣ㲻õˡ
ϵʹڴʱûһ۵ģƽ֪ؾܣʢ仳ű㲻Ը뿪ˡ
ʦ֡Ϻۡۡ
ƽ˼ǰۣʢǰ㲻ù˼ˣʱ˿ֻʢ仳ҪʦԿǣһ
һԵˣ
ڳնʹ
ƽעʢϣʢڲҪίˣûпշı£Եñʱȫûע⵽
һ죬˶ߡ
ֻñ귢˿ɢ¶Դϵһö걾˻ûע⵽˼նʹö΢΢ţȥġ
ڴʱ
Ƕڻնʹֶնʹȣ˶죬Ϊ鷳վնʹġ
аնʹȻаһ𡣡
ƽձ仯ŤͷȥǱߵСŮһһ˫۵
硭áа
аа
аڹնʹˣ
ע֮䣬ƽΧնʹնʹĳȫ׼
ƽ֪׷ʲôʢ仳ûɿʢ䣬ʢ佫˻ָסһö
¡ߴʢ䵭ɤʢָ⸲ĶϣоЩڣ䶯˶Ϊʢţܹʢ
ʢ˵ʱǻ΢𶯣һ¡Ī㰲ġ


 49  һֱʦֻ
ϺܿϨ, ŵĵΪսٶˣ˻Щڴϣʱߡ
նʹаһ, δţնʹնɱаӲ, 㻤˵̬
ƽ˿ţЩ£ʢ仳֧, Щš
Ϩ, ̨̽ϵͼƱ⣬ԶȺ۷׷ס
ֻͨͼаŻữΡͼа
аɱžǡ
, δ, δ
ЩƽȵЩԥǲǺû֣ȻаǼɵ, ǷǱа, ɱ˵ĵ
һǱΧŲ㻤, ΧƵĳ, δڣԱߵ̾ǿ˿ڡ
аնʹ֮, Ҫ飬δ֮ǰ, ʱȥ
ƽ̾Ļ, Ҫȥ, ŲԸ⡣ǧʵ۲࣬ȥף¾ˡ
ż䴫ĴУʢһԴЩζ
ˣһֱߣδԽ磬˽ңԻһ
ʢɤ䶯һһ仰ǳΧŵնʹȴѾƫ˼֡
նʹһģƽﶼնʹ֮׵ĲǲԼҴһȷѪ߹ģٶƫԼҴˡ
նʹĻһȺȻǳȣ˳ŵ͡
ǰٴҲ٣Ƚնʹɡ
аžǣҲйһ
Ҳ˼ַԡ
аڳУȻཨ̨ΪΣеĹزܷϡ
аҪã֮£Ҳаһ˾ˣԵа
жԣԹңˡ
һ״ƽϣƽĶȥЩ¡
һЩɡ
֮׷նʹѲ˹ϵնʹаһ𣬸ݡ
аҪնʹҲҪ顣
оĲʢָöûй۵ˣľȨڳ
λϵĳûһῪ˿ڣ˶ˣ
ɤ˻Щ͡
ȥ治ַֹŮӡ޳ǵļҳгļҾ졣
٣ϾƽȶܶˣڻЩء
ϰڵȽնʹڲ֮ǰ׼뿪ۡ벽
նʹնʹΪоϡ
ѾǷǳòˣǰԣ׹ڵϣС
ˣ򲻿ɰ֮ǰоаǱаԴͷ򲻿
ƽԷµ߬ʢ½󣬸ܵ¶ȣ֧һҲҶ
Ĭû˵ĻȻûջصĵ
ˡ
ڵϵļҳ˵ʲô̾Ѿǰ˸ƣҳ˲졣
Ѿ˴𰸣ʢ΢΢һ񣬰β½꣬Żԭʧ
ƽ˳뿪Űջͷȥϵ̨̽ڷ⣬ϸĹââ𽥵ںڰϨ
ʦ֣Ҫȥ𣬡ƽݣʢ䡣൱˹ʢϣȦˣʢֹȥ
Ʋά֣ҶۡòԶܿ쿴Ϥĳµͼնʹڵĸۡ
Ϥķ䣬ʢһδһ䣬ƽϵڴʱˡ
۵ķȥҶʢǱȥȥ
ƽ֪ʢ䲻ȥֻǾۣǱаĵطкһ㣬û䣬·ϸϸ档
ʦ֣ϺۡƽСָҪȥʢӣܾʢ϶а취ۡ
ʱʢʢ΢΢Ϸȥ䵭۵׿
ָ򴦵˿ڣ·ܹ￴ˣһ棬νġ
ƽü򴦸ˣʢ䣬ΪʢڰˣûкʢĻ崻Ĵһת
ʱʢ˵ʲôʢԭز˽磬׼ܡ
ָ򴦰һ£ƽ۵ᶼҪðˣʢ۵ףʱܡ
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Сڿޣ̳ȥˣ֮Ҳûڽţʢ
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ۣƽ΢΢ŲʢԶЩʦĺۡ
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ƽ˵ˣʢָ⣬һÿˣʢ
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ʢ俴Ŀܣ˶ٵ㣬Ҳ㳭顣
һ䣬ƽ֧ЩСʣʦ˵ǳͷʲô
ܲǷ׼ԵĲ׼С˶ɣҲС
Ļǿ顣
ʢĮɤ˼֣Ҳ֪´һôͷ㡣
ƽоವģС죬ʦ֣ҷ˵ġ
ˣǾʲôʢֻ˳˵ʢ䵱ˡ
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ƽˣľͷˡ
ʢֱǲԭ˵ڴ˿ɢˣʢƽﲨйʱ
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òáƽԼö˲ʢʢҲһЩΪʢ侭±Ҳ޴룬ó͡
ãʢ䡰šһָö˶٣´Ҫ
ҪһЩ
ãƽӦһҪȥʢ䣬Լ򴦴һʹ۵һɻȥˡ
߼Ǳ鶳סˣһְֻסմааҪҶ
ƽͷԹԵزҶˣʢͿҩҩ֮ǲˣֻϸо䡣
֮»ûйȥǲ²ж̨̽ϳֵĶԭȥնʹ֪嵽״ʲô⡣
ŵҲѾ֪նʹɱаȾа䣬غܿᴫУлһꡣ
ƽڴţΪҩ֮ʢȥˣʢúϢ
Ѿҹƽû⣬򴦻ವģǴӹͷð˳ȫ
һţ˶ӱ¶Դڴ߿ϤӰ
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һ£ǳµĻƣ䵭ĲӳһСƬӰ޳ָ⻹ڽϣͨףйͼơ
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ƽӦһú䣬ʢ䱧˯ʢ仳ůͣʦֻͲˡ
ֲ˼˵ԼűӷȥϲʦֻʶԺ󾭳ܴʦֻ
ϲԵģҪܹԵһ
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ʦ֣Ϻ䡭㡢ܸܲһ˯


 50  鶯
ߵʱʢ˵, ȾտܻЩۣȵɢ˾ͺ, 졣
ƽ۵˯ţʵӰ, Щ۵ʱʢϲ䣬Ҳƽϼ֣ʢ
ָ⻹קʢ, ΢΢سʢ, εЩڴ
ʢ䱧ڴǰ䵭鿴һᣬ, ۣ
ƽСƵصͷ, ôһֿʼ˿˿ðź, 
ôʢ, ʢȴ˼֣, ˯˱㲻ˡ
ƽ
Ͼ, ʢôһ仰ø, ֽűűӰԼһ
ƽʢһ, ʢûɿڵ˼, Щ, Ť˹ȥȥʢˡ
ֻˣ˷ʲô˴˶ע⵽ƽ˯ţ򴦵ĺȫԼ˶Ҫɱ
Լˣľͷϣ˺һŵ
ǱˣҲ˯
ƽ⶯˶ʢһ仰ЩĪˣʲô˼
ʲôбˣֲ
ʢʦ֣ͱ˲һ
ԭֱ˵Щˣ㲻˵ˣءšһƫƫʢŸɡ
šôһߵϢ˼֣ƽƨŲŲñȻҪˡ
͹ˣٱ
ôŲ齱ߵϢˣоವġ
ƽñӹԼǺ䣬Ϊ˵ˣԭЩˣܿܲˣʶΨһԴ
˵ʱҪҩϺ䣬ʢģȴС¯
ƽӱӷ͵͵һʢůģůͣȫˡ
ʢ仹ڲأ·ܹڷǱֻ䣬ȡ
ƽ͵ʢС֣ʢûʲôӦԼģһξڶΣ͵͵ȥʢ֡
ػû׵ָǱԼĽܿ
ƽ΢΢̧ͷʢߣʢ䵭żɫ
ְԼջرԹԵشŲˡ
ʢڴ齱ţûʵһᣬȥ͵ʢ䣬˻ûţʢס֡
󴦴ȵĴУƽʢûôߣ¸ˣʱů͡
ƽϣʢôһֱΪʢЩˣ件֧ʦ֣䡣
һ˯
˵ţҪʢڿطʢ΢šü˱
ɤ䵭
ͬ
ƽ
ıǱҴҴǹ˲Ӽֻ¶Դʢ䣬ʢض࣬С졣
ҲƽգʦʲôҪ˼ɡ
ĺ䡣
Ҫȥʢ֣ʢָ΢һ£ûбܿ˵ıʢֱ۷Ž˱
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ʦϺů͡
ƽʢƲ̫ǰԼСӷָʢһ㣬Ǳʢĸ첲ʢ϶ůģʦͨرסʢ
ʦ֣ҾͱһᣬϺů͡
ʢ彩Ӳֲ֣ʶԴ䣬ʶƿǿöشţţ촽΢ˡ
ôһݣܿôߣ˳
ƽ߻˳ʢûзԣĬͬ˼ʢ仳С¯ϱ㲻ˡ
ʦ֣ãƽ˳ڻʢ䣬ЩС˼С˵һͺˣϲ˾ͻȥ˯
ʢ䵭Ļ˴ߣźһĸ첲Ȧͣһ˫ʪؿȥģö΢΢ţŲԸɿ
ָⲻ֪Ըɿˡ
ʦ֣㲻˵ͬ˼ƽ򴦵ĺ·ڴʱֹסˣʢ㲻ˣС˵ֻʦֲңҲԱ㡣
Ȼҹʺ;ҹ֮ǰҲǲԸģźԼԸȻһˡ
ʢƭںϾʦģ֪Ɀڻ
ﻹǶҡЩ걧ػʦ֡һһˣΪŶϲ
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ڶߣΪԵģϵϢƺҲȾ˵ĵļζű˰ڻ
ƽС¯ԭ˵ǱһͲʢˣָˣʦͨʢϢűЩ
Խ㣬ʢԽ޴룬ָԭϣȫ֪ˣҪȥ˵ʱʢͻȻס
ҪҶ
ƽþգҶˣʢ仳Ǽܹŵǳ÷㣬ŵһҲʢ京ʡ
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ʢ˫ۣѹĵظ̨̽ϵΪ˶ĿĴڳ̳ѾץаʣնʹǱߡ
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Ȼһ紩öһǰڴ˿ȼһ˲䣬ܿϨ
ΪԼۣһǧ꣬δȴڷһ˲
鼸ϲҲΪȻܿĿһ˲ϣضסˡ
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˵顣
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Ϊƫƫ򡭡΢񣬶Ŀãû˸𰸡
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 51  һߡ
ƽһ˯ڶ, ʱЩԺִѾûʢӰﻹȵġ
䶶˶, оůģһҲˡ
֪ʢȥ, ƻΪæƿʱʲôﻹһš
ǵ, ƽ˳ŰҲó, ƬԼĵࡣ
ûɱаҲûȴ˵ִ, Ƭεģ
ƽ˵, ճſλ̡ſţԱ߻һλƯ㣬ƯЩ, Ӣ, ˬƺҲǷĵӡ
Ǹ, ʦȥˣ֪ӵ, ЩΡ
ƽô˽ӴڷǼ, Ҳв֡
ʢʦȥ˳һʱ䡣
ƽŶһ, ֧, ֪ʶԼûдñ, ƺ֪аڡ
ֿŻţӦʧˣ¶ݣĿǰҲ֪˭
Ӧаǽ˭ƺ̫ʡ
£ʢ仹ûлڸۡתһȦȥƯһֱ
Ӧʢ佻ģЩ˼ֻڸۡתתܣȥæԼ£ظҡ
꿴һߵŮһƺˣڳвڶ㣬ȽϺʡ
ƽ΢ɻû˵ʲôñ̤˸ۡ
ԭȳ̤ۡ벽ʱնʹȴûΪǰһշ£࣬ǽаķ䡣
µĸʾնʹȾа䣬ֻɱ˲ܲȾ̽ϳаնʹааͬۡ
ֽ䣬ĵڵءƽ˳żһţī֭ϢĿ棬Լ
滭ʢ䣬֪˭ִıʣ򵥵عռʣǶ˵ιյΩΩФ
ʢ仳һ˫ö΢ţ΢΢ʢ䱧ǻ̬
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̽ŵΪҿնʹȾаţѾȫ͸¶Ϣ
Ƕǣ˼
ĶǸʾƽ֪Ǽ٣Եˡ
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ӦһȴԸϸ˵
ʮʦܿԵʢʦֻ
һȦԭ·أڿҪʱ󴦳һŲԶӣˣ۵졣
ҹʣ
ƽҹʻ˩ӣ˳ſȥ·ֵܹӰ
Ҫȥ˼
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ʦܣôˣ
Ϊͣ٣һ䣬˵˾䡰û¡һͬ˸ۡ
Ѧؿˣķ߿һۡ
϶֪
ԭȻ˻Ǯôװʶˡ
ѦȥӰﻹ·ĵ˶Ⱥģ﷢̡
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󴦵ӻúõģֻ˵£Ҫôҹʻ˸ۡҪôǽ⡣
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ƽôţԭͭǰžԼƣһ۾Լ
ԭƺǹŵģѲˣΪڿţ
ƽգգۣȷһ£Ĵȷʵǿŵġ
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ĪвõԤУƤˣ۽ɨһǺɫۣߴײһĶ
ûתȥ϶һֻ֣һϤ
װûң
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ҹʣҹסͣսҺˣھͰƤ
ƽ
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Ҷⲻǵһ죬ūѾЩΪ뷴ѹοҲûбҪӵ˼
ҹ㣬ǾҪˣøϽ뿪
Ѧָ촽żɢҪҪһߣڷʲô˼Ӧöȥ濴
ƽһߵ˼ûУ˲㶼ҪιȥˡΪصܹͷҹʣû뵽ҹֱӴ뿪⣬Ҫͬҹڰߣ군ˡ
Ժ죬ʶزȥⷽ룬ŬʹԼʵϾҪˡʲô˼
Ѧһǣ㿴Ķǧǰ֣޾ǳʱ̡
ֻҪǰǰΪ
ϾҪˣߣһȥȫĵط
Ѧ룬ڲɱˣӻʸУԸԸߡ
Ҫȥ
Ѧǧʮﶼ֮ء
ƽиС˶Ѫ⻰û˵һɲȥӡҲ⣬ֻ˳ʣʢߣȫĵط
Сˣﶼȥ
ллңûµĻ㻹Ȼȥɣܶնʹ㱻ץס˾군ˡ
ƽֻҹʸϽɿūǲȷӡܷ֮ܲǰҹʻûͻΪûзӦˡ
ĥųһ£ʧŭҹʣҹֻᷢ衣
ʶҹʷģӡֻ̣ÿݡ
ڰĥ䣬ܵҹʿߴЩȡ
Ѧ۵΢һ˵һ߲˼سһۣ΢΢üڵң
ƽҹʵĺƤеôôԲŵҹһɿ϶ẰˣȻýɵסʱҹץͻطؽˮ
úˣ۸ͬŵӣ۸ˣھȻҪѳʦš
һֵҹѲƤˡ
ƽŹ֣ɵӵҹʣоӿвô룬ȴ˵ܵءšһ
ŸϽץû䣬סˡ
ҹ΢΢ɿͷĿڵ۵ɢ΢
Ȼҡһߡ
ƽܾĻߣ۽ͻȻɨʲôԶ¶һϤĳۣɫĽ֡

*
лҪ˵
ƽһһϿ̫æʵûʱд


 52  
ò¶֪˭, ʣµĻûüڣһĽӭ׼ȷ˵ǳҹʶ
ҹʼԼ¶, ԭʧǰһ
Ƿ, ʱȥ޻ҡ
ءһҹʹȥһԵϣֱѿһ϶, նϡ
ƽæ㿪, ʯ䲻ϣһԱߵӡ顱һ, 洫ײһĶ
󴦵Ľӡʧ, ѾԶˡ
ʢֳʢĿ⣬Щҡ
ʦ, ʲôʱ, ϢĻ븮ƽݣΪ׵Ľ, ֮ǰоͨĵӡ
֪ȥնʹܲ׷ˡ
Ż˵ϾҪˡ
ƽ˵ô, ʢûнĻ˳ſȥ, ʢ΢֪ʲô
ʦֻ֣һ
ʢ, ʱ˲, ۡնʹʧһ, ԭǾˣȨھ
ֻһֿܣо˿ؾķ
֮⣬Ļ˵Ļ
ܶնʹ㱻ץס˾군ˡڵңȻģһߡ
ʢջ˼⣬ĬƬ̵޻ħ޵ĵ̡ĵĿǰ޻ǡֻдӽɽӳȥѦ
ԭƽûзӦһ֪֮طӦвŵĲ²⸡ֳ
ҹʡҹѦ
ʢ䲢ûֱ˵ֻǻɣ䵭ѦԭµϯӣʦֵܣСһ𳤴󡣡
ȥ֮һὫϱš
Ѧ϶ҪܷʦŶпܡ
ƽҹʵ뻻ѦоЩͷƤ飬ദôġѦ
Щ£Ҳ˵ͨˣԭѦΪϯӣΪ㲻ͣѹͨࡣ
Ҳ֪Ѧȥ޻֮ĲѪԭ
Ż˵ͬһߣʢ仰˶٣ɤ˼֣ǵĹϵĲ̫һ
ʢ˵ţĿԵϡѦģſһۣ֮ǰģ˶СңһɫĲ˹ġ
ƽ˲˹ģƤӸľˣΪλҪ˳Ŵ˹ģѦȻв
ʢʢվţ֪˶٣ˡ
Ӧڡ
ҷǹ˵ģûʲôϵ֮ǰвҡ
ƽĵѦˡ
ʦ֣Ѧǲû취Ŵˡ
ʢ䡰šһ׷Ź
˼ʢ⻰˼ʢǰס󴦵Ľӡڰɢɢ֮»ۣ漴ɢڰС
ƽʦ֣ǽ˽䣿
ʢ䣺ǻѦӡ
ʱ˿̣⡣
ѦնʹźɫĶñס˴ʹ˲ܿ׷նʹ
ͻȻһѦŲԭͣһ˲һ룬Ĳ϶һȦʵȦȦǺɫģĲġ
Ȧȥһ̣սѦɫ΢䣬Ƥۡ³һѪ
*
ʦ֣Ǳˣƽʢ˵ŹѦģЩģܾ׳⡣
֪뵽ԭѦҲ޳ʢҩ
ƫ࣬Ѧǳ޳ǣ.ҩѦιĲˮ
ѲǱǴ͵ҩʳߵģ
ƽЩ벻ͨܿ׵Ժʢʦ֣ԺѦԶһЩ
Ѧһֱڴʢ⣬ʢ䱨ȥֻ»Ѧ䱾ػ
ԭжѦдǽʵ֣˵ǲױŪ
ǽȥ񲻼ˣʢ俴һûлӦ˵Ļ
ŵĵӶҪ뿪ˣڻһѡᡣ
ƽʢһǷţȥţ
ҵѾ¶ʧ𣿡
Ƿʧܣȥ֮Իжϣʢ䣬ǶѦαװݣ֪䣬ֻʣһˡ
ǲţ뿪֮󣬾ûлˡ
ƽûпǷţЩᣬܾ޳ﴦΡ
ǵǸģǵķһأնʹţ屾
֪Ӧýһ
ƽͷʵЩ뽻ʢ䣬ʵʦ֣ܲܽ㡣
ܸܲңǲ
ʢ΢΢䵭ЩĪѾóˡ
ϵĻӡ棬δ򿪹
ûпţʢҲԼ֪ŵݡ
Ƿ˻ȥָ⣬Щȵ¶ȡ
ǲһҪԼȥܡ
ʦֶôãҵȻʦˣƽһ䣬ʢ䲻Ըգ˻ȥҲҲҪ׹ʱ𿪿
ƺ˼ʢ˵һſհ׵ֻֽнԵŻֳ֡
ƽĬĬطԭĴ㡣ŶһʦֽϻҪȥ̳𡣡
ϱһˣһһȵĽգҪıǽ죬ϻм룬лṩһ̫ƽ֡
ԭڼ̳ǱߣӦȡǻ߳ϵļҳԣҲվɼ룬ϵļվɡ
ҪȥʢС
ų¡ƽôţܾЩط֣˵֡
ǶԸ𣿡
ĻǾ˲ӡ
ʢ䣺Ǵڸһͬȥ
ƽϲֵĵطȻȥˣʦһ𡣡l
˵ˣʢ䡰šһֿһᣬܿˡ
˵˹ƽЩڴ߼žӣԭǿž棬漴֪
ϵĵ˶Ͳ˹Ķˣûжʢߵģ
Щϧʢƺ̫ģʳҪʦҪأ
ȻʳҪˣ
ǶѦģҲģʢȥȥˣ֮Բʢ
ƽվӣžеԼԼСѾˣڿҲûʲôġ
ԴеҲųԴһᣬûʲô˼˶˵ٴһЩÿ˾ޡ
˵ĻΪ˱˶úÿ
ƽ˳Լö֧ţ΢΢̧žԼ
һ̣Լ·Щβ΢壬еòɣ۵׶˼ƽɫĵˡ
»ۣнƣ۽īһ㣬䣬˶ǻ˸ģ
䲻ַ
ƽһ£һ֧
ȻһǷ
ŵúӺ͵ذĦ̶еµӣնʹİ̧ˡ
ٿȥʱ򣬾ָԭһöſſشߴ֡




 53  ڣ
ֹ, ӻỻµģһỹһˡ
һնʹ˿ڣƽŤͷһ, һ䣬䶯˶, Ťͷ
źˣ
˵ǴԼĶ䣬Լ, ֿһ۾, ĬĬذѾӻ˸
ӳ෴ķղˡ
ڵﲢûдãܿˡ
ʦ, ʢʦǴȥ̳
ƽɿر, ôʲôֻðñűǡ
ñЩġ
ԭȳ̤ȥ벽, һڼ̳ϳҡ
ص, ֹ׻û˵ʲô, ܽ, һͬȥɡ
ƽñܽ, ʵյϢ
ֻǲ², , һܽ
һ, һŮǣŮĬԣ٣һֱĸ
̳òԶ޳һγǣмɽɽ˾޴ļ̳һ
оͽֵɽ⣬Χš
ǵɽ£ɽΡҹɫһͷԼܹ̳Ե
޳ŷԭֻһСǣΪ꣬ҹ½ն˺ʱҹ޳ǵ
ʱ޳ÿ궼ݹѾеķϰߣӡÿһ˵Ĺ
ɽƻնʹӰ·ҹĻһ𣬽ûɫɫڵסޱߵɫ
մʪϢƽɽ·ЩͣڻʵĿ
ʢ䣬ŲԶľ룬ʢһյƣ滭йߵͼ
նʹţԶǼ̳ˣ̳ǰ׼Ʒһ޴޹
˳ſһۣȼʯ·һͷ
ʦ֡
նʹźɫ·ҹɫէһЩˣԼĽʢߡ
ʢñԴһ󣬲غ¡
˵˸áһ۲Զļ̳ܸоͷವģĪв̫õԤС
ǰģܿɽʯ⣬˵ŵƹˡ
ŲԶƺҲˡ
ƽ˳ſȥնʹã̾ų
ԼʮͷڣнɫơòȥȴǺܺãɫ΢࣬˵ĸоģ·ƺҪ¡
Ҳٿ˵̾Ϊ
ƽĿ̲סڳϣǲߣ߿ˡ
̵ͷƿʱʶؿһۡĽŲЩḡȥͷؽᣬ·ʱۿյģ··ûжĴ
ڳ߾ʱһ˻Ƶĵ
ˡ
ٴΡһĽ
ɤƹ࿪һӣ˳ŽȥɳɳɳɦŶĤ
ƽ˳ſȥǰһ޴Ĺ񣬹ߣа׹ֵͼƣҹɫ̤ʬɽѪǧĿ
ȺֻгеǴʯ£еļҳǶһյĵĹ⣬Ʈ
ȼƽǰ޴ƺò࣬һĸоڹϣͼҹɫȥ
̸ڰУնʹҪǰΪݷ㡣
ԭʢӦģƽԭվûжһ˻Ƶɤ

ԭñԵܹоϣ̾ظһȥ
£ȥɡ
ߴϤɤƽоʢǸñĶ˵ġ
Ľűƽʢڲôģǰϵķ㣬Ա߻зپ
Ҫ÷پȥ㣬㣬̾ȼȻʸ
ñܹȼ̣ţȴû̽ӡ
֣ͻȻ˿ڡ
㡭ڡ
ƽ̵ָ΢٣֪ڸ˭˵ֻڳǰӦͬ˵
ЩŹ֣ʶҪʢ䣬֪ӦӦ
Ҷܿӹ㣬ƺҲҪ
ԱӰɳɳζǴдġޡ֣һŵͬʱڻζƽԭվţų΢΢΢ţ̬ϴȱ
һֱάôһз紵ۣ۴һ̣ˡ
漴иֳһĨ־һƬѣΣвõԤðһ亹
ءһһп˵Ԥףά΢΢Ķǰ£ͷʯױԵɫѪ֮ð
άϴȱ飬㻹ȼţģա
ƽûдӷſĻعſ˳ں°ڣյģʲôҲûС
ʱ˿̣ȺдһУų£Ⱥɧ
ƽǰð⣬Զлӣ̳պ˰죬һ޴Ļڰ֮С
ˡ
а䣬а䡭
еնʹȫгʣģɫ׸ɿݣٲȻѾյģ
ͬʱȺ϶ðɫģɫǵķ·һ㣬һɫ棬䶯

ҵҵ
סԼ˫ۣʹĴ󺰴Уת֮аȺ֮кĴӡаʴǵ壬Ѫ罦Ļģǰľ˼
նʹһȥ鿴һǰնаźڿУԹһ𣬽⡣
ƽĿЩסǶ̶̰ʱ䣬ȫ˿ƷΧѦ˵ЩֿЩģĪһۡ
ʧƬ̣סʢס󣬰
ΣգƳؾ
ʢʣɿԭزһ磬漴ת뿪
ʦ֡
ƽһȺвҽͣʢѾԭˡ
ЩаŻˣѾĿȫǡ
ƽڽѪǰŴŷࡣ
֣ΧŽŻƽѻŷͳɻڤڤ֮һǣ
˾ָⴥţҿĻӡóֽš
ֻбһţʲôûдֻһͼ
ͼϵĺЦЦϹ죬ƴնɡȥ˲䣬ƾȼָɢ
ֽ֮仯Ϊ˻ҽ
ƽûüȣܵһ޴ǰΪ㣬һ䡱ʦ֡ûü˱ʧԭء
ԺһƬѣ㱼ˡءһѵ
Զˣ˵޵ˡ
ʱһЩȣǰһתصϤĵط
ΪԼҪεʱɨһϤ½ǣմĻ
òһӳ۵ף޷۵ƽϸᷢмֱŭ⡣
ƽţе£ؾ˱קڿл˼ʮ¡Ϸ֪طӦ
ʦ𡭡
û˵꣬ƽɫҰף˷޻
쿴ǿǳ
Ųһ˳˴ΪΣ
еӸŴؾǶע⵽ˣһʱ䶼棬Щ羴²ĵۡ
ƽʢһȺ㣬񻻳˷ޣٳǰ׵ر˵Ŀ⡣
Ҳؾ˼ؿһ۷޵ķֿԶꡣ
ʢҲؾԭҪˣܿ㷢ʦԭվûָսڽӰ


 54  
޺ܿ챧뿪, ֮ԭʧֻʣԭ۵һȺӡ
ɿ峤ˡܲ׽ӽ
˵ĸоġ
ߵʦܣ
Ϊʦܳİ֮ǰҲΪʦܡ
۷׷, ʢʲôһķ, ΢΢һЦδ
ؾһ˵ĵ֮⣬ϵӶ, Ϻܿ˽
, 񡭡ɶȼΪ0ֻмٲֵ񡣡
ؾгĳЩǰ˴γɼɶ, ֻӦƬ, ռƬ϶ĵǰӦʯ
ʮΪϸ񡣡
ǰ֣ǰֱʢ䡢Ľ塣
Ľʢͬһ, ںʮ, ඼ҩĵӣǽĵӺ١
ƽе, û֡
һ, ڼ䣬Ƿĵӻ, Ѳ˹ϵ, Ҫһͬǰȥá
Ӧһ, , ųһ뿪
ߵʱʢ߾ʢĿ⣬Ų΢ͣһ˲
*
ƽôһΣεϡۣӳϤƫطǳƫ
оԺﻹһЩۣػԼôιȥģԼؾڲεʱ򣬼Ƿޡ
Ѿˡ
˳ſȥɨһϤĵۡ
ڲԶţѬȼգĿ⣬Էذеĵ伮ˡ
оЩڣϽͼϴμģ˯˷޵Ҳ֪Ƿ޴ġ
ʦ𡭡Ǻʱġ
ƽҪԼһ£ز޵ϢЩ
ñ˼֡
е󱳷ؾз黹û֪Ϊζŭ
ѵΪû
ΪûǱ˵ͨˣΪ͵ͣƽûгʧܣ޶ŭҲȻ
ʦ𡭡֪
ƽʶعڵϣ˵ǸҲ벻ģЩϧʧˣǷǣûܾܾˡ
ƽν̵ģ
޳˿ڣţ΢΢䡣
ƽν̵ģ
ƽǵ÷˵ÿһ仰Ħŷ޵˼²Ϊʧܡ
޶ۣʲôá
֪ƽʦ̵ӺúƽſڣҲûгٵˣÿոʢúܷǲûг
֪ƽﲻŬ̶̿ȲֲǲȱպӻŬʦʧ
ƽ΢΢ͷһһ˵ģ˵겻̧ͷޣЩš
ڵŬ̶ǿΪǸʢ䣬ҲǱѰڿһ㡣Ƿڷ
̲ҪҪǽˮƽҲûôߡ
ƽһûʢĻظؾ﷢¶ӳЩҡ
ƽ㰮ˣؾ֮ʢĴֶֻЩΡ
֪ʢ䣬Լ޳з¶йŹ֣ҺһƬ
а˺һᣬƬ̣ƽһ̧ͷǰһˮ
ˮǸӵĽǶȣܿ渡ֳ˻棬ʲô֮ĺ
ˮ϶ؾе
ؾ֮ӵѪԸҲܵӰ죬ݱܡ۱ʢʢ仳ﲻԸ֣Ϊ˲۶ȥʢ䡣
ƽԼ˼ȥӶӳһ㱡죬缦ҳ
ƽģ
ƽ΢ָⰴڵϣذɫģͷһ˾ɲ⡣
ɤ˼֡
̧ͷ
ƽ̧ͷЩ飬ҪǾ߳ܣʢˣƫƫ޿Щ
϶Ȳú˼ƻʢ䡣
ʦ𣬵֪ˡ
ɤ䣬ںδ
ӲӦӦʦ֣ҵĴƽɤԵͣŷһҪЩɥۣ̲סʦ֣ʦҡ
֪ˡ
ƽһֱظһ䣬Ҳ˵
ĵŷޣɢϢ˾÷ǳ£ѹ·ܹ˳ϣڵ
εѹƣʵ㣬ޡ
֪պģ޳ĬһᣬƺѹʲôƬ̺˿ڣ䡣
ƽһоˣ˷ڷ޵ţ浽
ôſ϶Ҳˮеˡ
Ӧһǡκܿʧֳ֣һͨڵĺӡ
ƽźӷŵϣĪò̫СصǸ
ʦ𣬵֪ˡ
ɲԡҪҡ
Ϸ޵Ŀ⣬ܵͣ𽥵˵ˡ
ǹĵһͣؿŷִ˺ӣ桭һ
̵ľޱȣͭһЩϸСģǡ֡
Բȣ.ǧ꺮ƣܹԣѧסԼ֮ǰ
˱ĻڶߣƽԺˡһ·һڴ˿̶ϿʶطǳܣǰЩ
ʦδ.ƽҶʦֻʦֵ֮飬δйǷ֮롣
ʦ𣬵֪ˡԸⳭŹ档
ƽһǧԸ⣬ܿʶӲԣǸҷ˵ֹǸô򵥡
ɲԲ
ʦ𣬵֪պ󲻻ٲʦ֡
Ͳһ˵ڣϵعڵϣָڵذϰ΢ףͷЩ䡣
䡪ƽֿ䣬ĿЩͬ飬΢΢ߣܾ
λϵ΢΢ڰš
ƽǰһӰɹڵϣ˫޳ʱܵرֻܿ֡
˵΢£˼֣εѹڵ𿪣ֻǳ˺С
ƽɫ˲ˣһμ㣬ȻֱΪѹ
ԭزҶˣеյģ˵ָ򢣬ϴĴС
Ϊ
ڲϲҲȴһַ·ҪϢĸоˣ
ڵϺһᣬΪһ̣ܹԵĸо޵Ϣûôˡ
ʦ¡иˡ
ƽһûеȵشԼ޵Ŀһֱϡ̵˵ſڣ˳Ҳûסֱȥ
ôһôҲǲյЩۡ
ƽק˺һûܰקŽ½棬ԭ·ȥȥһҪ취⿪
֪˵˲ܽ⿪ûн⿪Ŀԡ
ûеطһξ룬ԼԺſڿһϤӰ
ʢҲת
Щ䣬̫ʢ䣬ߵԺſڣװʣʦʲôʱģ
߽˿ŷʢ仳жʢ䵭ѻĶɤЩȻ
ҽյʯƽҲòϡ
ʢ䲻ԴǵԸƬõ࣬ǵһڳ˲ʯ뵽ҪǮĵطࡣ
ʯˡ
ƽЩ⣬ֿһۣϸŷʢ仳ҵģʯ١
ڸǿңƽһЩӣ˵Ļ·ε׼ʢǣ
ˣʦԼűǡ
ܾΪޣûЩ£ҲԵ޹ʵҪʢôʯ
οʢʯס
ûб£ʦȥɡ
ƽܾòһЩܣһ˴˵⻰תԺ
ԭֻʢһˡʢָʯȥıӰָ΢Ӳջ֡


 55  ڷ޵ı
ƽԼ̲֮ס, ţȥϵſܡ
, ָ΢飬ײ, ЩƣָҲ
ıյЩۣ·бѹƵĸо, ǰĸо, ·ԼƿԼڱ
׾ٱƿһС
ھǰϵϸϸһ, ϵġ, ĲϣǸҲεһ
ƽֳ˳ͷЩ, ǷӰ, ˿Щѣ
һᣬ, ͸ֽ·ܹӰ, ȥţΪʢ仹ڡ
Ŷ˷, ƽŭ⣬ƵЩ, , ŷС
䱧ණ, ǰꡣƽҲʱǺ¾Ӷ࣬ˡ
㲻ԡ
ƽ࣬һ˫ӣ˿й¶ſܺͷС
ֹ໰˵ǰ겻֪ӱ󸶳˶١
ӵһǧ꣬ȴ׵Ķ顣
СӲҪԹ𣬡俪ҲЩΣ仰ƺ˵ˣǰԽԽϲӡ
𡭡ҲΪСӺãʢʮʦֵܣΪ飬Ϊ㿼ǡǶ˲ʡ
κʵʣӲΪ˶顣
ƽ˺һû˵ڷ£ʦ𣬷˵ΪãΪѹзأ
˵ЩƽſڣɤЩͣʦ˵ʲôʲôűǡ
˵Ų⣬
СӵƷǣֻҪСӲƽﲻзӦɤЩҲǵСӣǰոջȥΪСѰѩʥġ
ѩʥģľŽʥǣǧ꺮ɽۣ֮žŽޣȥһ˼Ǿһ
ƽҲ֪ѩʥжѵãŷ޳ȥΪȴ˲ֻһЩءΪô࣬ʲôأ
˺һᣬʵҶΣ
Լ֪Լʢʲôĸ飬֪Σܿ
ĬƬ̣ڵСӻǲҪ׳ԣƢӦҲ֪
ֻһѾ൱ˣһΡܾͲֹô򵥡
ѩʥΪСӲɵģҹСԺÿҪȥһ˳ΪѩʥΪǡ
˵ЩѻĶ£ģǸֵģС˶ǣӺϲЩ
ڷʧƽţû˼ϵĶڴ
˵ûֻҪкûв࣬ƽҲûŮ֮飬û̫Ӱ졣
ûϲư
οǴųͷʵĿơ
ƽƵܣڱʢʯ»ǲҪʢ˵ˣȻʢǸľͷ˵ѴԼϡ
ֻһǻʢ䣬ҪȥܷٱӳƤۡ
ľͷ
ƽţﻹڳ潥˯ȥָ߬һرǣ
˯֮󣬷ȻһӰ
һ»۳ɫ΢͸ݳ࿡ʣڴߴŴϵꡣ
߬ű˯ȥϻѩ׵ļ϶˼ӡǲģü΢΢šţë΢˯Ĳȡ
Ŀϣ仯Щ˼¶ȡ
ڴ齱վã齱˯˱øӹɣղһָ⣬ɤ塣
ʦ֡
һָؽס漴Ϣñ䣬ڴ齱ʧ
*
֮ǻҪȥÿΡƽĺ磬ʱָ˳ȥһǱ
ָ˲ѹˣ˻ЩģоЩ
֪ͭǲǴܾòϵƺǰһЩ
ǰһȫԷŽ½סֻܿס΢ע⣬½
ƽھǰ˰죬Ž½סԼԺӣ컹ûԺӲԶϤӰ
Զʢ为ԭվţڵ
ʦ֣
ƽʢߣʣڵң
ʢ䡰šһĿ΢ͣ٣գĺ硣
˯磬ƽеΣ߱ܿʢģû뵽ʢ
ʦ˶ã᲻ᵢСʡ
󣬡ʢ̵˵ûлشá
һͬǰƽû˵ʲô·ʢǰ棬󴦵ĺһ
ƽ·ڳһûעǰ·ʢסƤ΢ţ䵭Ŀ΢
£
ƽǻˣ˵˾䡰ûСʲôʵʦ֣Ѧδģ
ѦѾѳʦţûа취ʢ䣬ҵԻķ䣬²ؾбѦԻˡ
ʢؾı֣ĿЩ񣬺ܿջ˼Եꡣ
ŶƽЩ߷߲ƽôѦˣؾѦ־֣˵֡
ʦֿܷ
ʢ΢΢ͷҪڲµ£˱̣Ҫȥɽɨ
ɽصһаصĵӡħޣԼĵӡȥ˵ǴɨʵϾȥġ
ǷͷڳͷгأҪԲٿࡣ
ƽ˻ûбҪ˵ģʢԿ˿ڡ
ʦ𴫻㣬ΪΡ
ʢʱεʦָʶĦŽʣָ΢
Ϊûɣƽоϵڸиǿң΢죬ܸܲʢΪؾй׽
˵꣬ʢɤ䵭˴񿴵Ƭͣˡ
ƽЩ⣬Щģ΢΢ȷģ
ʢ֡šһһϷԭʢ߻ϡ
ôѣ˸ɣҳʱιȥˣʦһȥģؾе
ʢǰһ쿴С˶һֱվӣüԼĲӣĿ΢ƫ룬겱ϡ
ƽ˵ģԼ˵Ҳûʲô⣬ʢĿ⣬оЩڡ
˺ܿ쵽˽߻ûˣĿǰֻˡ
󿿽ɽĵطһƬ֣ͨɽ·ͣ紵ɳɳ죬зƵҶ
֪תѾˣƽЩʢ䳯ʶЩ
ʢҶǴ˿ȡġ
ôһˣŵһûע⵽һʯ飬΢΢һ˲
סʢ伸ʶطסһ
ƽˤסΣа
ʢƽܽƽĿϡһ겱
һϿš֣ģĲεشһǡ
ڷ޵ıǡ


 56  ֲԼϵĵ˭
շ·ڴʱ, ƽʢߣڱʢţ˵ľܽ
ܹżʢϵ÷, ʢҲһܹ
ƽĪЩȣ󴦴ʹ, յЩۡ
ʦΪϵģʢ˳ɤƽЩżĪ
ʦ֣Ū, ƽСһ, ԷɿջԼ֡
ʢ仹ڿšһ, ش, ʦ˵
оܲڣʢĿ⣬Щ֪, ܹоʢϢ˼֡
, Ϊ
䵭Ļڶߣʢ仹ǵһô, Ը˵, ˵˹ʢܹ³
ʦֲعˣʦĻֻ, ƽ΢򣬡ƽҲ, ʦ, ˵ȹ, ͻջȥ
˵ţǰֱҪɱĿģԶŭ
ƽܵʢòڣ뵽ʢҲΪƽЩ˵
ʢΪƽûоӦ˸ͬȻ̲סЩ
ʢΪͷⱿľͷȥˣ϶Ҫ
ƽסʢһۣɤЩȻʦ֣㲻ù£Լᴦ
Ҫȥʦ𡣡
ô˵ˣʢûгƤ΢ţָ᲻ۡ
ۣƽ΢΢Щȣƽﶼۡ
ԶĶ˵һᣬеӹˡ
ƽ˿Щʢ䱣˾룬û˵ʢ仰٣Ǵһ·һƨ
ʢҲô˵ҪʵҲˣʢûֻʱĿʱʱϡ
ʢʦܽô£ƫΣ
ѽƫһΣ˵񡣡
ס
²ʢʦС˽񡣡
ɽһ޵ƽԱСģżὣɨལƫһ㡣
ƽûкʢһѧýɨҶͻȻ֮䣬ˡءһԶ׷ס
ĵӶˣڵϣƽ˺䣬һ£Ȼת
ؿŷ޵ءһȻԭķѣڵһصĹ֡
ԭĵطʱǶˡ
ʢʱƫͷһΣֱ˷޵
ʢʦܽô¡ǽƫˣҿ߻ħ˰ɡ
Ȼ񣬽֪
ʢʦô϶ǹġ
ƽƤͣűһʯ飬ŲԶľͷֹ
ʦ֣㡭
ʢü΢ţŵϵ۽һӰ
Ѿˣܿȥ˳Ϲеγϡ
γϸ𽣸ÿΣƽǳϲʢ䣬ʱ˵ϱɢӶҪɳˡ
ʢⰡô£Ǵؾˣ
γ˵ίǽƫ˽ҲһҪܷġ
ڵĵһĶģõӶܷ
һѦ츳ΪҲߣɽѳʦˡ
һѦʦֵܣΪưѦȥҲˡ
ֻʣһʢ䣬ʢ俴ɶ磬ʢҲҪ
ⲻֹƫˣҲƫˣܸɳ°ɣ
γôʣʢ䲢δ㣬һ
²ͷȥ췣
ǺܿɢˣʢƽҲʢߣСʡ
ʦ֣밤𡣡
ΪҪʦ񡣡
Ƿ֪ˣʱʢ϶γϷء
ʢ䴽΢΢ֱͷԼĽûпƺý
ɵӶţƽҲ̫ţ˲Զľ裬һ˫ۣ;ȵĻûкϡ
лҪʾ裬ʢ˵䣬ʢ䲻ôȥ˾Ǳߡ
ʢ䡭˽񣿡ֱͶأǳ޷ĵһһ
ԶƽûнӻԹԵĸ˵
Ѿûмʢˣֹ
ƽЩ⣬ʲô˼
㲻֪һۣȻ㲻֪ҲϾ
ʢǰӣʱĶĵһ٣˼ҵԺ˳Ҹϡá
ƽĵɴһ˫ۣʢ£ʢ䡭ʱʢŶ
ȻˣñƤ裬ѧˣڷѧ˹أʵ࣬ģΪعأǵμĴڡ
û˸˼һֱճĹƤҩڹƤҩҲˣмƺʰˣѦڷ⣬ƺûˡ
˼⻹ôڶμ¡
֪ͽʲôʲôԹʦͽݴ˶ʢз޵Ӱӡ
Ӧ˵ʤ
ƽЩ̲סذվ˵Ĵ룬ʢͷЩطȷʵЩ񣬵Ǻܶطǲһġ
ʢʢ䣬ͷһ㶼һȻԴǣʵϴű׾ᡣ
֪Ļͦ࣬ƽ֪֪֪
һ¾Ȥע㾡ʣͨûҲ֪ġ
Ҳ֪Ҳ԰
ʡ֪֪һƽõܹҪν⣿
ʲôͨġ
һ㲻׳ɹϾǣ˵ͨǴܲŻõġһ㡭
˵ЩƮ֪Ļò˵
һʲôƽϲθڣ裬л˵ֲˡ
㱣֤㲻ˡ
ƽұ֤
˵˵
迴ΧߵĲˡûע⵽ߣѹ
ǰ͵͵Ľ飬Ѿٳˣйصġ޷Ǽ֡
еǳһƬеִҲеΪԼµ䱻ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰλԼתϣת²ǵҶ˶顭λ߻ħһǣת.
֮ϣʵһεĽƣѾˣʲô
·𿴴͵͵ع
㲻Ҳ˲Ľ˰ɡ
ƽҡҡͷЩͷԣʲôת£ѹϱߣʵ֪ô⿪䣿
ҵȻ֪ˣ廻ϵˣȻҪˡ
ⲻ൱û˵ƽʣ˶Σ
Σ赹֪ܵͷᱻϴȥ䣬ȫ˵顣
и䣬ܹ֮ǰԵʩ˲Ľ֮飬ʱˡ߻ֲԼϵĵ˭


 57  ִ˼
ƽе, ɲʧȥ䣬밮ĽޣͷƤ顣
ȷ, ˵ǶԵ¡ǶԵأ
Ͼͷֲǵ£ǰʲôĸ̫ܡʢ䵹п, ϾʢŻء
ЩǵΪҪ䣬ԼµҲ̫ܡֻмٵĸ
ǻһֿܣǾͼ, ˵ʩִ, ²ǵҲзǳǿռ¡
оЩʲôֲ˸䣬ô, ˳һ˵, ΪСܱ˵£ƽļ򣬡˵İ, ٲ, СԼƲˡ
ƽ
ƽЩþЩ, ÿνԼȥһˡ
˵˽, γ磬һǰһصλ
γϣǲ, ε
ƽԾ, ʵкܶ, γϽɡ
ս, λϵۣȫԱʧܡһÿС鶼Լ񡣡
γ̨ϵҲ֪˵񶼲ǿô򵥣ǷֵݣǸĳϸݶǵ˽⣬ر趨ġ
ǶûҲˣڳǵ⣬ҲܲµĵȻΪǿԼĶ̴
˵һĿ޳ǵ޳ǧǰаӣа𡣡
ڳУնʹŵӡǳ̣ǻڳеͨգеǻеаǶЩܹһǡ
γϱЩ̾Ϣؾ¼ӰʯǵıֳǶõΪնʹֻնɱаδԼնɱаԼĻ顣Ϊŵӣû̲쳣֪ѾաΪ̣δаǴӳ֡
Ϊеͨգδֳеа䲢һ£ջۣڼձ
ΪлȥаδˣЩȾаնʹЩɼѵرǣһţ͸ġ
м۸ӣǵ漰ڸĿģǣ²ֻ档
б󱳺󡭡Ȼе
γϵһµĵӶĬƽҲЩȻôһȫԵˡ
ԭ޲ֹЩ죬ǵãֹûܾ޳ǣ޳ǰˡ
γǹô˵ģʵЩӣΪؾл޳ǲŻǰǳĿǰڲ飬δ
ô˵ֻȺӳԣǷֵնʹǷŵӡ
쳣аӣؾ֮ɱаɱˣƬ˲١ƾ˵ܲ쳣вֳˡ
ӱֵܣ׷ǵ̣аɱ
ؾӴʱ䲢ԭ򣬵ǶҲܿ˵⡣
˵ʡ
еаȾϱаϾаӦӦɱ
γ΢΢ҡҡͷаȻɱаѾһʱ䣬㿴ǣȫȾа䡭ǣЩдǡ
ǣˡ
γϣȾаĲǳеİգǵʦֵܣǵΣ
ǵʦֵܣȻ²֣е濪˿ڡ
Ҫжǻǡ
ؾаź֮У㱣ǵĻУҲûа취׼ȷжϡ
γ΢΢Ц⵹ڵˣǧǰа䣬аû˵ǡûа취жϳġ
Щаαװ࣬ԭֻͼа֮Թݻ߽׼ģ˶ȥƭնʹ
γϣӦң˺ʱûаŰǧǰɾְǧааӡ֮ڵаǧǰаȫܹȡ
ҲۿаŰʱĻ׵Ļٵһǡ
ȥһ޳ǡΪʷݵĺƽѪġ
ƽ棬ȷʵδ廹Ρڵпľ޴Լŷ⿴ơ
鶼дɵĵطҪȥһ
ձҪȥһ˳ƽÿν֮ȥ˲ڲֽʣѽ鶼һ顣
һ޳ؾУ˵Ļ󲻺ڡ
ڶѦ֮ƺйŹ֣ԼԵ޹ɱޡ
Ƴ۵˶˵ҡ
ģͼ˼
壬Ҫ⿪
ƽдֱ֮עص㣬Ҫ飬Ҫ⿪
ţԺֳ︡£޵Ϊ϶⣬Ҫƾ⿪µ䣬ܡ
ƽѾѺʢĻˣоԼ¶·ڤڤ֮һǣ
뿴ߵĵ伮ûʲôأóĵ伮ǹŵʷŵ伮ǹڷļء
ɾǧ֮һСǣգԭǧǰڣΪаʧʷ
伮лϴξĻڶߣ˳ſȥǴͶһСƬӰλһ
ڴʱ˿̣̲ס룬飬ɺ
ţѵ伮ŻܣշŻȥ伮ߴһСӡתͷߡ
Сӣ𴫻ȥ
һ䣬ƽָ΢ЩԸǵҲ㲻ΪҪյģû뵽ô졣
ŷ˲
ʦ𴫻ҹȥҪΪǣ
䣺СӼȻ֪ˡ
ƽ·ϻž˵Ļԥԥʷ䣬ҽš˻ʧȥ䣬಻̫õӰ졭
Щ𡣡
ʧȥ䣬Է޲Ľ֮顣
ǰ棬ԽŲ΢סˣɨһ꣬Щ⣬˭˵ģ
޻̸֮䣬СӣȻ˺Сӣοʧȥ䣬˵ǲݰɣ
걾Ͳʧȥ䣬Ǽֱ
ȰСôƵģֺˣ𲻻һֱ㡣
ƽϴη޻ΪѹأŷĻûлظ
ܿ쵽Ϥĳȥ˷ߣλϵˣľ˵ɤܵ͡
Ӱݼʦ𡣡
ʱ򣬲ĳ䣬ϸϸ򢴦䵽һƬ
պе񡣡
ƽ΢ӦһǡҲȷϲڵϣԭ
ĿϣĬһʵÿϵΣ
ƽйоصĻش𣬡пɡ
ĶˣߵʱγϽסʢ䣬Ϊϵ¡
պÿչλû˶ŵһɼǳ㡣
ƽ˳ſȥһѩ׵źƽźҪףȥһţһ㣬һŲ
𡭡ҪͬС˵䵽׶һ䣬ûзԣŶƽ
СӣѩʥܹʿĸǣѼʥȻЧ֮иá
Ƕʱĸã̫á
ƽ΢΢£Сʲôá
ȷشƽѩʥķǳѵãʦŸԼҲǷҪΪɡ
ֻͨĵӣƽ޵Ŀ⣬ָ΢ɤԽԽͣ߸ǡ
ԸΪҲԸǷ顣
˵ˣаһᡣ
ɤ˼֣޳лûгԡΪֻбƵ³û˻˼ĸܡ
ⷬ˵ûƽû˵ָԼģûעһǳǳӡ
Ϊˡ𡣡
ô˳ɤܵͣβ
ڷʣһЩ⣬Щסˣʶرȥӵ顣
ϢڳӰУѱ档
ŵӣŶһԣǵɾġ
ִ˼
Ȼ𽣣ҪԼִ壬ѧԼ˽Ϊ
ƽˣ൱ζײޣ˵ȻҪ
Сӣ㣬ΪȻˣ仺ĵƣǱ˾סмء
ΪΪǲ
Ͼ¼Ӱʯѻþ֮еĳˣα˿ƣα˵ϷռˣӶ
û˵ɳӰ
ƽδû˵˵Ҳûʲô壬˵ĶԣҲͬޡ
⴫˶ԭʧܿٴγ֡
俴һķ΢ԥԷ޵𡭡ʮˣҪ


 58  ʦֱ
ƽʢ, ˲䱻עʶس⿴ȥЩġ
˵˲ʢ, ֪ʢΪ˺¡ײ˷ޣʢ, Ҫһܷ
ƽԭȿذ忴ѩʥģûޣʢ֮עһֱڵ, ֳԲ
زס, Ȼˡ
˵һ䡰з·ڴ˿̱Щ
ʢǿһƽ, Ȼ˵, ʱɢ䱳ֱͦɤ䵭
Ӱݼʦ𡣡
ƽһ߳ʢ䣬ʢɫ, ǻûȥ췣Ҳпγһֻ۱һֻ۹ȥ, γһϲʢ䡣
Щţ֪ʢʲô, о˵˼, Ƿŭ
ƽָʢòԶ, ʢ֮עʢϡ
λϵķûпʣʢûпķ, Է޵, ߶ʦ, ǰ֮¸ѡķȥɽŽʮǰȥ
ķÿ궼͵ǰɽǽԴأиֲ伮ܹͨ伮ΪķҲܹ֮ꡣ
ԭǷֻ˵ʦϣʮʦһͬǰȥ
ʢɤƽֻת·ֻΪһ¡
ɽƽЩҲڷԷޣʵǷѾʢǴ˺Ϣ
ԭ֪ɽɽۼŸţȺӢͣ伮ͬһ㣬Ŵܶɽɲݸʤŵĵط
ƽռܿʶ˲ף⻹ڷ޵ԼϢ
Ҫʢסˣȳȥʡ
޳ĬһᣬʵŽģ
ʢӦһǡǰ
ڻˡ
иˡ
ʢûлҪ˵ˣӽȥֻʼһۣδһ
ֻھʱŲ΢ͣ٣ܿ糣ĳ˵
֪ģΪʦֵܣİء
ƽе㲻ģڳʢ΢׽һЩ˵ֻᰤ
ʣˣ˵㣬޶겻ͣ˵ȥŵ˽⣬ſ϶ƫȥ
Ͼŵ˼·ǳ򵥣ô롰ӶˣȻ飿

Ʒķƾ˸ǷоЩֿһϵӡš
ԭɽֻ˵ģʢһˣһν͵Ǹˡ
ϣʵʵƵţٳһΡ

ƽ¸ȥɽڳ޷ˣûпڣ̡
ȥ޿˿ڡ
ƽ޵Ȼֹڻȷأ·һԳǿƲȥ
΢ԥ˵ʵȥ
ɽ伮ĵӣҹȥ˵Ϊܹ
ƽ˵ţһλķޣЩСʡ
ʦԸȥ𡣡
˺һû˵ϵѩʥģһѩ׵ĶһֱŲƺо˿һʣͨѩף˵̵תȦ
䡣޿˿ڣûлش⣬һ䣬׷޵˼
ֻбһذףذŷ⣬ϵѩʥĻһ
һѩŵöһ£ԭһСţݡһ£ذ˿ա
ƽĺ棬ؿѩʥԭһһСţϷȥֿġ
аһ˲䣬ЩΣ䣺
ֻһѩʥûܶ㿪һЩһһСɪɪ
һС͵ǰ
䣺ﳤںɽۣ֮صǼ裬жΪɽϴһ
ֻΣյʱŻ̵Ķһ㣬СӷܶٻһЩӵӰ죬á
ЩһѾϵһѩףѩ׻϶ǰ۵Сۡ
ƽӱɢѩʥġ֪ʲô
ƽһѩףֳ룬ƵĶЩԸⶫ·ȻҪֱӳˣŲԸ⡣
һҪ£
ܴܲϣϵǲ
ƽСʣϷ޵Ŀ⣬ˣ΢ѩʥģָ΢˶
Ϊηֿܶ
˵䣬ΪɢֲԼѾˣΪԼš
ԼѾ˵ʱ򣬾Ͳٶˡ
ƽֶ
ھᣬǱ߷һֱڿĮؿڡ
Ҫι㣿
ƽŲԸ⣬ѩʥĿ˺һᣬֱо޵ϢЩ
ʦ𣬿ɲԲԡ
޴ûػش⡣
ƽǱовѩʥŲ鲻ԸԼǳһˡ
ƽۣ̲˲룬ֱӱȥˣȥʱ߷·˻
һѩ߽лΪʲôҪңɶ񡣡
ǻƽʶزȥڸУʵ𡣡
ͷȻֵ£ڽѩʥķҪһʱųЧһʱܻЩӦ
ƽоȵģӦһûзԣڳһʱ
ڳܾнڴţ޸伮׼ֽͱʡ
ԭֿܼһ伮淢ַڱĿӦעⲻűֽһһˡ
ڵ伮÷˷޵˳ָ޼һķţ̵ĲӦðѷӵ
֮ʶЩƽ⣬͵͵صסˣȻЩܿſ˯ˡ
ԭڱĿߴСۣ˳ſȥѹīˮӡſ˯ˡ
괹ŵϸָ⻹űʣֽһһţľС˶̾ı顣
ߴĲٴָ⣬ֲָڣգо΢ز¡
ȻסָЩ
˳͸ջ֣Ϊһմۡ
һʱûжãƽ˯֮ûиоʲôӦҪˣϵǷ޵ġ
۷һߣߵʱһ۵еķޣûסʡ
ʦҲϵʱܽ⿪
ָоЩʡ
۽̧˵ġ
һ˵ʷϻˣƽֿһۣʵǱﲻסﺦ£ȷʵʦ᲻ʲôãʧȥ䡢ԽԽϲʦʲôġ
ˣоЩΣһûлش͵͵ؿȥ۽΢ĮȻ
ЩǴӺδ˵ģ
ƽȻ˵Ǿ裬򴽣ҿ伮дġ
޿нģϼһˣĮƽٿһЩõĵ伮
ƽһᣬȻ˷ʲô˼΢֮˳
һ·صԼСԺ·ϲ֪ǲǴܾ·ƽʱҪ࣬úҪȥ˯
ţӿ˲ܿصԼԺӡ
δע⵽һֱֱ꣬ԼԺӣȥ
ƽȥͷ˯ˣڶ챻ѣƤЩû߷·ڽ
ߺһž۽̵ؿȥһϤ
ʢ΢΢šüѾʱ
ƽ۶ҪѾȫָΪƱӶƤЩʣ̵ذѱֺˡ
ʦ֣û
ɤ˼֣ƽоԼһҪ˯ȥˣסʢָ⡣
ܲ˯һѽ
ʢָⱻסָȻĴżǣȥ
֪ǲǴܾƤƺ׾ˣȥѩ񣬳ĵôɫӵĺ죬ҲӾЩ
˫ˮӯӯģ˵ʱоۡ
ܣʢɤ䵭ɻķϣ
Żڿţź˰ˣûֱ꣬ӽˡ
û뵽Ȼ˯
ŷ͸ƽЩ䣬ԼָҪ̧ˣֻԼĽţһѩʥġ
ʢĻСֹһ䣬ʢʦֱ
ȻҲ𡣡



 59  
ƽڸо̧첲, ȥԼԼĽţһС̦, һСʯͷ
ָ΢߬űӣоԴ, ˵ʢһᶼûлشʱ򻹲Сĸűߵ˴ߵʢ䡣
룬ʢ϶᲻ˣ΢ԥ, ʢ䲻ˡ
Ĳȥ
ƽ, ܵ⣬齱ߵƿһǱӣɤЩͣ, ǲ, ұˡ
ʢô˵ƽЩˣ˵ķǳ, ̵, Լȫ־
ĵ۾һߣԼ, Լǳȥ, ĺٶȱƽ, Դκġ
Ƥһϣһ, ܵĿ, С, ʦ֣û
˷ǰһ˵ĻѩʥĵӰ죬ӣ̰Իá
֮Ҳ
ƽЩĵšüںԼĵǰһӰ
ʢ
ƽͷԺһַֻŵĶͷϣͷġ
δȡ
ʦոҳԵѩʥģƽŶЩۣʢǰĵؿȥˣʢϡ
˵һܵһЩӰ졣
ѩʥʥ伮϶мأʢָ΢סˡ˼ͨ͸ܿеԵɡ
Ҳ֪ǰЩӳΪˡ
伮֪ѩʥĵϰԣʼܵѩʥĵӰ죬ӱ˼Բ֮⣬Ҳı䣬ѩʥĶ
ѩʥģҲܵЩӰ졣
ʢ䴹ڰϵ´ЩӦԭȱǰ뿿ϣ˶㡣
ʦ֣ƽֻֻʢ䣬Ҫܿʢ֡
۲ƽֻ»ãٴϵ۱ЩˣƤϣĥƤϸоЩֲڣĥܲˡ
ɲԲ
ڸʢСּۻۣʢûͣ·ԥĻᡣ
ƽʢͣ¶ûлᣬˣԼ˶קʢ½ǲԸʢ뿪
ʦ֣
سʢ½ǣԼŶ˺ôֻʹʢ䣬ʢΪǡ
ʢƽﶼóܾ֮ǰ͵͵ؼˣôߡ
һ죬Щһȥʾв¡
ᱡ˿Ųܡ
ƽõʢĳŵﲻɢˣʢ½󣬡Ŷ
ЬӻûдƽûпڣʢסĽס
ֲڵָĽףƽֺ΢΢һ£Щڣֻ΢Ķһ£ûȫ㿪
ʢЬӣȻԸˡ
ʦ֣ǸˡƽʢֱֱֻţǺܸˣûסȿʢһ䡣
ʢ䣺
ʢڵϣ̵ӣ˵ĥ䵽ÿνѩʥĿǳĥӣɢһ
Ľףлȵϰߣƽ㲻ʵס֮󣬲ŹЩ
ΪѩʥģҲܵӰ죬Ƥøϸ壬˫޳ϸȳƣֺ֬һ㣬ֻ΢ȥ㲻ʵ˽ֺ
ѩ׵ȥҶֺϥϣֿ˯ȥˡ
ƽԴһһģǰЩģʢڵΪЬӣɢ࣬档
ʢ仹еǿֻ֢࣬һҪͬһ߶ȣΪ߶Ȳһʢ°һ顣
鷳ƽ˸Ƿ᲻صزʢϥϣСʢһ£ʢס˽ס
ҪҶ
ƽǲҶˣʢΪЬӣ󼸺ʢקŵġ
ôһĥ䣬ǵʱ䣬ȥһЩ·ƽһЩĥ䡣
ߵʢߵĿ죬ǹȥʢӣʦ֣ȵҡ
ô졣
ô˵ˣʢߵˣ㳶ʢһᣬ뽣һЩ롣
ƽоۣԵɣָ⴫ĴУԼָⱻסʢǣס
ߣҪ˯ˡ
ʢǲǣˣȻǻֱײǽǣָ֣ЩӲΪ⣬ǣˣ硣
û˯ţƽʢǣţǰһյ£ʵʦ˵Ŀģһȥɽ
ʢ䡰šһͬ飬ͬˡ
ʦڵΪβҡ
ƽЩûиʢΪη޻ѲʢֱӲ³
ôʣʢ۽΢ţѾ֪Լʦ˼δᣬ÷޿˶ߡ
пûа취ߡ
ҲãʢָⴥԴһ£ɤ䵭պ㡣
ƽθڣ֪ʢ䶼ô˵ˣʹʢҲ
ʢǣţ˵ָһ󴦻źߣ˿˿Ƶزһ𣬿ѷ֡
ڿ쵽ʱʢɿ
ʵܲˣʱһͬ˵ȥһЩһЩϿܻὲɽעһЩȥɽ׼
ƽСƵĵͷ˸Ƿǰ꿴ɽһ취⿪
ʦ֡ƽԾЩʢ۵ף䵭С
Щ˼һĸж˵˾䡰ллʦ֡ЩɰͰ͵ġ
ʢôã֮ǰѵķʢǰ棬ڿʢȥһϾҪ׷ϵĵλˡ
սﲻÿΣγǻд裬һ飬ǰΪģõȥģڶõȥڶġ
ƽҲ㲻Ϻãԭķֵǲˣ״̬ãû뵽;ֵһ顣
˼ģǻд裬װװӣһҸһ¡
ܿ췢״̬ԣɨһߣô£û˯ãŽ̧
ƽͷҲ࣬ûʲô⼸춼
㻹ʲôȥ˵˵ȥҩʦ忴
Уʦ˵ߡ
Сֹܿγע⵽ߣʢ䣬;軻ȥලʦܣҪ͵
ᣬ̽
ôһ䣬ƽԭվţһรŽˣʢ任λá
ƽûʢ仹һЩ΢ԶЩʵʵ˵ʦ֣Щò
ųûǱγϻڶߣǵ͵
ҷſ뾰ĽУƽԺܴЩ󾭳
ƽţ˵ղʢ䵽סʢţǼǰŵǳ÷㡣
ϢߣǱʢ£ڻ
ͳɤϣ
òҰ㡣



 60  鷳ʦ
ƽоЩ, Ӻ汻סʢϢߣȡ
Ҳȷʵò, ʢһľ룬ƽơ
ʱ򲻿Է, עҪڽϣƽǷ񡣡
ʢ֮ǰ˵ױעע, Ǳݲ
ķҪ׼, ƫˡ
ʢÿ˵һ仰ϢߣΪʢ䳣ָм, ǰܹ, ȴܣܾЩ
󴦴µĴУƽԽԽ, ʢ, ʽԭעڽ, עʢϡ
ʢ佣Եĺ׼, սĽǶȶнģԭͨĽ, ʽ֮һ㽣
ɨһ֣Ҷɨ
ƽ˳ſȥ, ҲĽ̷, , ֻһ˲ڶѡ
Ҳ˼˵˺һᣬֱʢ䲻С
̱ˣһ©Խʢ仳
ԭǵһڳţôһ£òסźˣվסʱʢ̱ס
ʢ
ƽصͷЩվˣҸоеվסġ
˵ţһԼģ֪ǲǴܾԼĺеֵİˡ׵ЩȻ
˵Ҳǵû·û˹ͷˡֻʣ壬ݳĸо
ټһᣬʵܲˣٴȥ
ƽŶһһʢģȻʢ䶼ô˵ˣίһҲǲС
ʢ֪˶ãܾԼָҲģŽǺͽһ
֮ǰڵ伮Ͽѩʥĵĸֹ࣬ܲӣܡ
ʢ£˵ţ۽ͻȻɨʲô΢Ķ˶١
ĴĴУʲôĶŵ󣬱һĶ
ѩ͸ŵۣһž˿һ𣬻һѩ
ƽɿ˽ԼģŶһ£ַ·û˹ͷڰ۳һ˼Ļȡ
ƽֶͷһҪˡ
ʦ֣ǡƽе㲻̫ţԴκģɬǱ𡣡
ʢ䣺
γϻŵǵͻȻӰһǰǸ䵭ޱ飬Ǹȥе
ϣʦȴȥ
γԹĵô£⣿
ʢ䲻Ը˵Ҹɻشˣ˽
ճȥƽֹһֱֻȣÿһЩѾڻŲ㱸оԼѩʥġ
ʦ֣߲ˡ
ƽСһ䣬ͷ϶˺·ЩѾ
˵꣬ǰͣûзӦʢָ򴦣˱ᱧ
ƽᱧţҲûʲôܾʢ仳ǳѵػסʢĲӡ
ʦ֣ȥ
ȥҩʦ塭ȥʦ
ƽҡͷ֪ˣ϶ڳӣڳ
Ҳȥʦ
ʢ䡰šһǱ㲻ȥ
ʢŻ˯СӦһ
ʢ䱧˲ܿ쵽ҩʦ塣
ҩʦɽϰҩ޵ĵӣǵˣͨҲ͵ҩʦ塣
ʢ䱧˵˳ʱɣ˽ѩʥĵĳڣƽ֪֮⡣
ʶ죬伮ϵǼعʥʼᱻʥͬձˡ
ǲܣ⼸ҩȪָҩȪҩдԼȥ졣
ʢ俴Ż꣬Ѿ˯ȥˣϸ׵ָקһ½ǣ˯ͦ㡣
ʲô˼
ҩ峤ϵԭеģеܹ˺еΪתʱ˳ȥ˻ǡ
겢ײ鿴ԼԸ⣬Ȼǿв̽ꡣ
ҩ峤϶࿴һǳĵӣ浣ǿó˵ܿ̽֡
ʢ䰲꣬Ż꣬ϵлҩ嵥ȥҩġ
ƽԼԺӡ
ƽû˯ã·ϱˣʢ佲ˣ˼֮ҪÿҩȪ
һᣬȥ׼
ƽϤķ䣬ʢԺӡ
ʢ䷿ܿգʰĺܼ࣬ʲô򵥣Ҳ򵥣ֻбһӣǴ壬ӲЩ
ڴ齱ţʢΪææȥʢϵᶼϵôԲϸ»ӡ
æµһ׼ãڼ仹ȥһˣ˲¡
һξ뿴ʢӰʢͬ꣬ӳĺܿ졣ԭ߳һЩ⼸Լһ㣬ھʢƺˡ
ʢ׼ҩȪ˴齱ߣܻܲ
ƽŶһ£Ŭ˰죬ֻ˶ָͷڴڰݵĻжܼѡ
ѩʥͬѩʥǴڰȫĻһ¼ܣΣա
ʢҲˣʢ˶ٵһ·ˡ
ƽЩΣȫǷһ·ʢģһỹҪʢ԰ѡ
Щȣ˼鷳ʦˡ
ʢ䴹ûлӦزӦӦѹ⣬ˣƽǶźõġ
ʢۣҲʢ¡
ȥָµϵƽøЩʢ仰̫ˣǶ˲ڡ
ѩ׵ȥ޳Ƥϸһ̺۶ûУ֫ϸù΢΢͹Ƶ
ƽʢߣʢֻһ۱ջߣĿд䵭Ŀƣ漴ٴνᱧ
û·赲űֱָӴƤоӲ.ϣڵʱƽĸоҪǿһٱֹ
ʦ֡ƽͼֹĸо̾ͺˣӷ䵽ҩȪ··
һС·ֻܴʢ仳ʢɴһɫۣ½棬ȴδŴƣǿűΥ͡
֮ǰ˵׼.£ѵģƽʱľͷװĿڣպǲҪҸ𡣡
ҪҶ㸺𣿡ʢ䴹ɤ䵭·ֻͨѯʡ
룬ƽǶһʢ䣬ʢ仳ش֮ʢûٿڡ
ָƤϸһЩоʣû취㿪ֻţָоԽԽǿҡ
̲ס΢һЩֻǶһ£ͻȫʢΪҶµơ
ƽƤȵĴУûסһЩ쳣β˵
һԭͣ䵭һЩѣ˼סˡ


 61  ϲʦ֡
з·𰲾, ƽоʢָⱧ΢Ӷ쵽˲Ӹε޵, ʢ仳ȥʢı顣
ҪʢΪηǰ, ƻֱιȥװ
ʢ仳ܹʢϣʢ仳ﾾʢ½ǣ̡
ʢ䲢ûп, ֻǶ˶, ܿ챧ҩȪ
ƽԼʢǰĶһֶֻ̫ˡ
ֻǴһ, ܱؾʢ䷢.Ҫǿ
ؾ֪, ʱԼô£ɲǼ򵥵һֱʢ仳, ʱѦҩӰ, һУܿ˯ȥˡ
걧ҩȪ, ҩȪȵ, ˱Žȥ
ʢſɽ󣬰ѻ궪ҩȪ, ָ΢˶ļ¶ǿȥ
Ҫʱ, ò, Ҳһֱš
ƽŽҩȪ, ҩȪȪˮȵģҩĲҩ㣬ҩȪоԼ֫ػָˡ
ָܶˣ첲Ҳǣ·֫ҩȪﻯˮǻعůĳѨ
ƽϵȶЩǧ˿ɢʵһֱҩȪ
ǲӦݹʱ⼸ռݣܹƱѩʥͬ
ӦһֱҩȪҲδɡ
ƽŶһҩȪţԱšʢ䵭ݣʯڣ۽΢Ũī΢ƺʲô
һߵĻʯϵལƣ˳ſȥӦʢģʯһĻۣһһء
ˮ£ƽ˱ԵĵطŵеĺͲˮչȥģȺġ
ʢ׼ģ
ƽҩȪһߵһߣߵʱڳˮˮ࣬մʪķ˿գģһˮ
ʦ֣Ǹҵģ
ڶߣʢ仹ž䣬ԸȥҩȪ꣬ʱ껽ۡ
ҩȪȵģǧ˿ɢ࣬òѩ΢΢ţߴЦ⣬ҩȪһ͸Ÿɾ˲ߢϢ
߷·𻹻صһĴϢѪҺԭһ̯ˮʱȴȼһһٴη
ʢս˳ܹԼʯдġơ֣ĿֻҩȪͣһ˲ܿƿˡ
š򵥵Ļظһ֣ɤЩơ
ƽЩģע˵Ա߻Сӣǽɽϳġ
ʱ˺öΣû뵽ʢ䷢ˣʢȻΪժˣӦǿԳԡ
ƽӣûתʢʦ֣ҳӡ
ʢûлΪ׼ģԳԡ
ƽһӳСѣɫһЩ͸Щۣġ
ҩȪĥĥ䣬˹ֳ֮˵ģˮҲȵģ͸¶ŻϢ
ϵڻζʱЩƽòϵЩˣקקôҲק
вסûһֹȥɧʢ䡣
ʢҩȪߴһ䡰ʦ֡
ʦ֣ʯ϶̵ģ
ʯڵ˳ſһۣšһ
ƽҩȪڣЩȣʵʯЩǳһĳʲô˼
˵ĻԼʢƺҲǺ˽⣬ʢӳƣͬ˵Լ顣
ǿԲΪʯýɨ۴ΪΪԽߣĺۼԽ
ʢĿͣʯϣµһһǰģۼѾаȥʯͷѿһķ϶
Ϊߵĺܿ졭ǻ
ŷ޵껨˲ֱ꣬ӱʯ롣
ƽԴ漸ǳһĺۼǺԵܿѾˣǾʯ˵׵Ŀӡ
ʦֺƽôһ䣬ָĵģʢΪĿ죬ͦΪʢˡ
ûҲô⣬ĥĥʱȥˣоһᡣ
ʦ֣㲻ңҩȪٴһᣬȻȥ
ƽô˵ˣʢȷʵԼûæ꣬±ңȥˣҴȥ
Ŷ
ƽʧҩȪԼһᣬʢڵʱûиоЩӦ
ܾΧյģһҩȪס
ƽǴҩȪˣǹȥʢ䣬ճҩȪۣһԪһǻͷЩ߲ˡ
߷·ѩʥĵĲ
۰أΪʲôš
ƽ
ߵЦһ̣ԭؾһ˲ǻҩȪͷǹȥʢ䡣
ѾݹʱȥҲһ
ƽܿ˾ܹֻЩѩʥĵӰ죬·Щۡ
ֻҸʵĵطѳţһСĢڽһ
ҩȪߵڲ輸ߵʢ䡣
ʢƺ伮輸ϻƿƿ޹ޣ֪ʲôõġ
˶ʢ䳯ݹˣ
ƽ̵ŲԼ·ҲܵӰ죬Щ֣СšһʢԱߡ
ʱЩŲŲʵʦʲô
ڿɽĵ伮ʢ䣬˴ιȥĲֹŵӣնʹ
նʹѾչһ֧ƽ˳ſȥɨһۣɨһ΢Ϥ
ѩ
ԭĹƱҲնʹᣬķѾһնʹθʹܸߡ
ƽһ۱ջߣй˼ɣѦǾҹߣڻдѩ
һҪܾܿԭƱûк£ԭʢϵľ鷢ϡ
Щᣬϣʢϣˣʵ൱ڰʢ䵲֣һβ֮ʢûԭӰˡ
ûоãܿٴγ˻
۰أɲӡ
ѩʥķ·߽лƽܵӰ죬ʶԼĵطȻһֱš
ĵطʢĻ
ûؾԼҲɵģʢ仳ʲô
ƽʢߴţƤʢϢ
ǰ걳ֱͦ׵ķ˿ɢüŨ촽׵ָűʣּݹһһ̳ġ
ƽһᣬԽԽϲ̲סҪʢ䣬ʢ
סˣٿȥԼҪͬĴ̵
ʦ֣Ҫȥ˯
ƽ̵ʢĴ齣϶ʢϵϢ棬ȥ˯š
Сʢ˳ſȥɳ˹İİȥһ˱ͣ£Ϣ˾ͼ
ϵĵ伮伮ϼصѩʥģʥϲԼϲĵط쳣ճѡ
ܻ꣬쳣ճˡ
ƽطڣǰһӰʢ䵽ǰ
ʦ֣
Щ⣬ʢڴ齱վţü΢΢ţָ΢ɤ˼֡
Ҫ˯
ƽΪԼˣʢ䵭۵ƺܹһᡣһֵᣬܹ˳ӽĵס
оһһĻʲô˳Ŀ˿˿ƵĲһЩƣЩϲ
ʦô֪ģƽһ䣬ԼصĲˣʱʱʢ仳һ۵
ڴʢĻشеעʢϣûвԼٴսĲĺ⡣


 62  һʦ֣ʲôԸΪ
ʢҲֻǲ³, ܹܵԥԥĿ⣬ƺһֱھʲô֮ǰؾкճ
伮д, ѩʥĺճѡ
ƽˣ, ͱճˣҲȷʵճʢ䡣
Ȼʢ䶼Ȼܾˡ
ǲȷһ䡣
ʦ֣Ŀ𡣡
ʢ䴽΢ֱ, ŶѾ, Ѿ꿴ˣοǱлԼ
ģʲôԡ
š
ƽ֪ľͷѾ, ľͷԼ, ʢĻشǸǲ˼ЩŤ
ֻһ, Ҳᷳʦ֡
ʢ䷽ڴ齱, ײˣ, Ŭѹ, ͸¶໶Ϣ
ʦ֣Ϻ㡣
ƽоԼҵĵط, һӣԼŰŰһֱʢ仳źá
ԭļ, ԭдƱѩǳʢϵϢ, ϲ͵͵ռʢ䴩, ʢùĶ
ѩʵȵһˣʵƱƫִһϲʢ֮ҲԸ֡
ʢûͬ⣬ɻǳĲڣڹƱҲܸߡ
ƽԭѩڻʢ಻顣
˵ʢ֮ˣʢףϧ»ʢ棬ϧվϿһΡ
ʢնƻ˴ѩһ˫ۣѩӴ˲
ƽ˼·ˣ󲻳ʢ䴩ϲ۵ģ
ʢ仳ﲻҶɫķ˿ţܹܵʢϢʱձߣȵȶȡ
ƽܹʢҲЩڣÿʢ΢׽ʢǱһʯͷƺ֪Ǻá
˿ûа취
࣬ƽоЩڣѩʥĵĸ÷ʢ仳
ԭڱʢ䣬Ҫ˯ˣͻȻʢͳɤϢߣ߶䶼
պԱ㡣
ƽԴʢܵطһʢҲ˲һôţһ䡣
ֻʦ㡣
ҲֻʢԸںϲϲʢ䡣
ɤܵͣȥڸ֤һ㣬ʢָ΢˶ֻҪ΢ͷǱķ˿
ԭֻ걧һᣬȴ˸˼ǲֵҶʢϢȫǱͷʹˡ
ƽԼ˯ŵʱʵǰΰѣʢ䰴סƺ׼Ҷ
ʶֶһ£ָʢķ˿ԭӲоԼ˱
ƽָ˸գ˳ſȥʢԭʧʦûˡ
̫ˣԼһţ֪Լ̫ôߣԼű˯˹ȥ
ʢγȪŵз·ڣҶʱСĲ䵽䡣
ȪȪˮеĳ崦Ĵз·ڣ˻ػʦ֣ɤĨһ㣬׹ȥ
һʦ֣ʲôԸΪ
һֻǱһ£ܲ˵ӳΣ
ʢԺֳ︡ոϺΣΪ˼ϸ׵ں촽ǳǳӡӣָ߬½ǡ
ʦ֡
߷·ִһ䣬ʢͬīһ鵭̫Ũҵ
Ȫȥ齱ߵꡣ
Ǽˣ̲ס
Ҫռ
ƽ߳ʢϢһ˯˵ڶϣ˶ʢȪǱ߳ҪһȥÿΡ
ÿֻҪݹʱҩȪжֻǶƽٻһЩ̵ţ
ʢڣǲôģΪʢǣ飬ʢΪ
ƽʢһ𣬶Ҫԭ޵Ķյޣ޴ʱڽ￴ʢ
ʢһ޳ؾеӢŮ
дͣŮϴؾƬӶǰĽ塣
ԭ˹ϵ䲻Ǵؾ֮Ľʹƺʢ׽һЩʢ
ʦ֣ʦ𴫻ҹȥƽʢ˵һ䣬ʢڸĽС
ǰڲ£滹ʢӮĽĽУһ߿š
Щżˡô˵һ䡣
Ϊƽڣ˱ͣˣʢ˽ȥ
ܾĻûеߣ۽ɨһɫѾֱӹˡ
СӣڹȥǷһʢķӣʮҲҪһ𡣡
佻Ҫȥʢ˵仰˱ˡ
ƽֻһˣ֪ʢȥǸʲô
ƽҪȥʦˣ
Կһۣһǰһţȥ糣ǳ˼١
Сӡรɡ
ֻ˵ôһ䣬ûٶ˵ƽѾԤеˣǿǑڷȥġ
ΪûȥӦǷһˣᷣʢ䡣
ƽ̤սȥܵ˺⣬һ㼦Ƥ˶Щʡ
ǳλϵһĬĵ񣬻ϴʱ䣬޶Ǵڳ
ƽ޵Ŀ⣬֮ǰеûе񣬿ϴ
ʦ𣬵ʦĶ֪
ԷӰ޲Ǳʶﲻ
ʢһξ룬˶ڵŷ޿ڡ
Ϣ䣬һᣬӰ˿˿ڡ
䣬ý
ޡ֣ƽ΢΢סˣ漴λϵķޣЩţ˳һػȥ
ʦ𡪡ƽӦˣˣɫЩ԰ףſڣȴ˵
Ӧһǡκܿԭʧûһһͨڵɫޣ鵹ҵС̡
С̿ޱȣǳϣһޱܹƤ
ƽЩ㱣ؿŷޣһʦûкڣؿԵꡣ
¡
ʢӽδڣʱԼµʲôԹֱͦס۵׵
ʦ𡭡ƽؿʢʲôƼһ亹ʶر΢΢ǰʢǰ
ΪҪͷʦ֡ƽЩ£ŷޣǲԾǿסԼΡ
ѲΪʢ˷޵ĶƫʢߣǲʢĴʢû
ʢ俴ŵǰ꣬䵭۵׻Щ
ûпڣƽѯʣһԣסСһ߿űǡ
ͷȻΪ˴
ʦַʲôƽôãֿһ۷ıӣ󲻳жۣҲԸȥ롣
㷸˴
ҲӦôصĳͷ
ƽʣĻû˵޿һۣܹʶ
˵ȥܻصĺ
ŽޣŹڵԸƵ꣬Ī⣬ɤ˼֡
Լ˵㷸ʲô


 63  ʦ
ʢڵ, Ĭһᣬ̧λϵķޣӲ֪˺δ
仰, ءһд, صĽʢϣʢ֮һѪۡ
ƽûзӦĴĿģڵϵ걳ֱͦ, , δ˵һ֡
ʦ֡
ƽǿűоˣһ˵ŭ⣬ʢ䲻ƽ
Ҳ˵˺δ, ֪ʲô, 㲻ģ
ʦʦַ˺δΪҪ̣
ƽŬѹԼ, мֲ͸
ۼҪȥ, æסˣ, ȥ˵ʮǰ, ǻ
зӦ˵, ʮֶ飬᲻óͷʮ, ⷣʢˡ
ӿ, ʮ˼֪, Բȵԭ򣬸пܵĻʢʮΪ֮
ؾ
ʢڵδڣλϵķһ飬˵һ飬㲻֪
Ӳ֪
ɤ䵭һг죬С̹Ѫ飬µһѪۡ
ûȥʱѹֹϣŵʹܹ裬·ΪάζЩѡ
Աߵ껹ڸ飬ǴʱӳĹס˳˷޵⡣
һ޺ʢ䱳۽ɫ԰Щֱͦڵδܹ
ʦ֡
ƽǰһεĽ磬䵲ŲȥЩײڽϡؿʢ̣һһ޵ʹһ˳Ŵ
Ƶܣʱ֪Լۣʢ䰤ЩżľͷΪʲô֪㡣
ƽעʢϣżԷ̬˼֡
ֱӳȥƿ磬޷ӦʱЩ֪ʶΪЩ㲻ᱻˡ
ʢ䰤۶ôţȴƲֻһؿţ΢ָ߬ˡ
޵Ľȥһʢϣ˲һѪۣϵĵɨʺѪ˳յڵء
Ϲŵɫ˼ָ֣ⰴŵ΢ףЩȡ
ǴҪݻʢҪڵԱߵ꿴һΪ˶飬˻ʲô³
ۿһҪϹŵѪ˳䣬Ӱҡҡ׹
ƽǰ·һ£Ժˡһһڴ˿̡ءһѡ
ס֡
ȫǰһѺۣ֮ڷûüӦʱ䣬ڰķѡ
ƽƿ磬ۼűҪٴγʢϣҲûسʢ˹ȥӭһʢʢ䰤һӡ
һ̣ƽʶر˫ָۣⶼڷ죬׶һʹ
۵ƺһۿ̱ˣǰЩģʢ䣬ʹЩվȡ
һӶҪ۵Ŀιȥˣʢ䰤ô£϶ۡ
Сӡ
Щ⣬û뵽Էֱӳƽ硣ûüסֱ걳ϡ
޿ˣ˼ȴûջȥޱıۣһ걳ϣ괩ѩ׵ĵۣһѪۡ
һ̰ƽָЩȣʢգȵѪ
ʦ֡ƽſڣԴһƬհףȣǱؾһ¡
ʢû뵽ֱӳ궼վˣ΢΢ˣҪָ΢˶ûô
ۡƽ۽մʪЩ۵Ŀˣֲֻʢ䣬з޺ͷ䣬ǰһ¾ͿˣǺܶ
Ӳذסˣʲôȥλϵķޡ˰Ӱָ޴䣬ѱ档
ƽʢ䵲һ£֪ʢߣĿǱסȴŷ޷ǡ
ʦǵӵĴ㲻Ҫʦ֣㷣ҡ
ƽ֪ʢ䷸ʲô⼸նʢһ˵ʲôǷ޼ʢһ
˵仰Īƽ˭ֵĺʱʢչʢ䰤
Ҳ
ѹͳã޿˿ڣ䡣
һ仰ɤ糣ȴͷƤ顣Ƿ޷ŭǰףǰ޼ٶΪ꣬ǵڼˡ
ӦһǡǰŵϹŵƽûзӦ˵һߣβֹ˽磬޴˻
СӣһޣҪతʮޣ飬һαʮޡ
˵꣬һ۵Ϲŵʢ䣬Щӡ
ˣٴ֮ǰ࣬ƽԭסˣ˷˼λϵķޣһ󷢺
ԭɫ΢ףδƣڵ걳޺ۣѪȾЩ˿Ѫ˳ŵ䣬Ӱһһ
һʢɫԽԽ԰ף׵ָⰴڵϣЩղסԼĳ
һ˿ѪҲҲȾһƬ
ƽͼȥ磬磬ܵһ⣬Լָ̱ˡ
ܿ׹ҪȥޱһЩ
Ʋֻһ߿ʢܷ
ƽؿŷ޳ʮޣմѪ϶Ѫ
֪ܱ̻ôѪҲ֪ʢȫδڣμԭزġ
ſڣɤЩɬоڶüڿ飬ֻʢܼӡ
ƽԼܲʹˣŵйŵ꣬Լָⴥ磬Ƥ˼ӡ
ǰЩģƽɤӷ·һţֲԼﵽһЩܶһЩƽΪʲô
ֹۣϲ鶼˳Ȼƽʲô졣
ͷһΣﱻµܣǰ˵ԼһжΪãӦܣأ
ΪҪʢ䡣
ΪҪȥ˺ΨһĶõʦ֡
ƫʢ仹ǳĬԵӣʲôҲԸ⿪ڽͣһִ֣εطޡ
ʢ䱻ҲԸ˵֪֡
˽޶Էȥ
ʢǿ֧壬̧һ۽꣬䵭΢
Ӧһǡ۵Ϲŵ꣬ҲЩ壬ԭʧˡ
ֻʣƽˣޱڵϣʢĵطһ̯Ѫ
޵ĿƽϣĮ
ƽνӲԭأŵϵѪ˼Ų˵ʱǳܴ۶ڼǹʢơ
ûǰߵǰס̧Ϸ۵ס
һ˫ƫĮụ̈޾īɫʱƣҲԸⶮ



 64  Ҷ飿
ƽס, ԷľˣҪЩ, ޵Ϣ˼֡
ʦ𡭡
ſڣֳĬ, ָ΢˶ȥ޵ı顣
󣬴ƫƫ֮ɿ

֮, ƽû, ʣʦл˵
ޣ㱳ϵˣҪ
ƽԲź֪, һ޺, һֱڹעʢˣʹٴӿǶ, ǶƤ͹
Ȼ, ȴûгǵ, , ӻȥд鷳ʦ𡣡
һֱ, ƽ֪ԼױǴʱ޶Ŀ, һ׿
޳Ĭ˺һ, , Թң
ƽܹо޵Ŀ⣬ʹԹҲ˵ǳĬûлظ
ԭվţ˵ָʶرҪ㿪ܿһ㣬Էָڰнס
֮ǰģ޾ԼҪŵǰ꣬
ʦҲҵĴʦΪҪͷʦ֡
ƽ̲ס˿ڣɤָ̧ܵͣޣﾡǲá
ʦΪʲôҪ棬˭Ҫܡ
ʢֲǱˣʦ֣ҲͬǷ޵ͽܡοǱΣΪһҪôࡣ
ǰ̧ûƽºͣ޶˵ǼĴ¶ƽģ
޿ЩϢζ
ΪҪ档
ΪҪ档
ΪҪ档
꣬ģһжģǧ꣬ô׷֡
ʮѪδǣֻ㣬һ޳ĬһᣬɤһЩСӰպҲϣκǣ
ƽ۵ӳŷܲԸ޹ظǣΣʦҪһͷ𣿡
ûһ´ΣʮмĻᡣ
ˣռ˵ǼĮˣҲһŹ
ƽûȥһ䣬ע޵ǰһ
һΣʢ䲻мĻᡣ
ʲô˼
ʦʲô˼ʲôǲмĻ᣿
ѲҪʢʦţ
ǳзӦָĲһ
֣ƽԺˡһ߷·˶һغ쳾
ᱻϴȥ䣬ں쳾֮һпʱٻصš
ƽ˵ĻͬǶϣ޴㶼ʢܡ
ԭ˺һᣬзǳ·ܹӰζǰˣ΢˶
ҲԸأ
ƺڼʷˣǵһʣǰǲĴ
޵ĻԸԸ⡣
ضţƽûش΢΢Ӱظ˴𰸡
֪ˡƽʹڴ˿ƽԷ޵ʦɻб¡
Լᴦûиˡ
ƽЩ룬ԷѾûлҪ˵һûת˳
ϻѩʥĲӰ죬ƣ·ٶȺԭ䣬˳֮󣬱ʹиԡ
۽ɨһǺɫӰˣŲͣ
СӣסŵжѩʥģһЩҩ
ѩʥٻȥ
ƽͣһСѩʥģѩʥѾˣſſſϣʧȥ˻
һ㣬ѩʥȥˣʣҩûнӡ
ѩʥĵĸûм죬СǾܣ⼸ձ㡣
ƽ򴽣ء
һǻȥʵܲˣԼԼԺ
ƽ˵ֹ꣬û˵ʲôؿˣʧ

γڵŴǰķޣϸĹӰֽдһɫĻӰżֳļȡ
ǧʱţȴһֱһֱ
𡭡ΪβֱӸ˳ײ̣ȥֻԽԽ롣
һ·ģƽ⵽ڣӵӡԽԽҲԽԽԶ
˾ǰƫƫĲħˡ
ʳȴҲ֪𰸡ʲôΪ˸߶ԷĸԸ
ԸöΪߡ
ȻûöƺҲһͬ·õĲǶ飬ʩѹ
ΪȥȡѩʥģΪимң
ôʳûȻܹˣ겢мƺų⣬ǲǷ̫ࡣ
֪Լ
˷޵˼Ĭһǽ̫ЩСӲϲ
ƽӣ͵ı˳ˣӲҪš
޴۽һӰһų¾ɵĻֽ꣬ű߽Ѿɫ
˵Ķԡ
ᵽΥδ֣ԭһ£ɫ漴Щֱӱ
򲻿ɡ
*
ƽѩʥģ뵽ϤĵطţԼʦڰ˴򣬲֪ôˡ
ʢԺǰЩᣬָԼԼ֪ΪγзӦԼûиоʲôʱֶʢЩ뷨
ڸЩٶۣԼ˰ĥֻǹȥӦò¡
Ƿ޷ˣҪʢô죿
ƽԭؾ˰죬ȥʢ䣬ʢ䱳ϵˣı㾾ˣؿһ޻ܡ
վԺǰ˼ţԺֱӱˡ
ԺŴ򿪣¶ʢŲ԰׵ʢϻ׵ָűԵΪÿ˵ط
ʦ֣ƽЩ⣬ˣʵϵˡôˡ
ʢ䱳󼸺ѪһƬھȻ´ˣ
޷ʢ俪˿ڣҲ΢Щףҽ
Ǹʢ󣬿ʢ䱳˸ոհѪ͸ˣ
ʦ֣ܷԲ𡣡
ƽţȻǴҩ·ֱҲûˣʲôҲû׼
ΣǰͣȻָ㱻סˣʢǣɤԵ͡
޹ء
Ӧ㡭зӦΪҶ飿
ƽ̧ͷһ£ʢʢ䵭ʱЩĪеӳӰǰ档
Īһ£Ҫ˵ʲôɤǱסˣΣָ⶯˶ſ˿ڡ
Ҳ֪ʦҵĳ˵ܹ֪ҵҴ֪Ҳûв



 65  ࣿ
ƽЩ, ĪЩڣˣʢһᶼûлӦ
ʢûп, ǣ˵û׷ʷŵ⡣
ʦֵ˿ڴˣƽԼ˵ĻЩ̫Щ, ĵҵģԸȥϸ롣
ʢ䡰šһ, һ, ûд˿ڣ
ƽʵһֱۣ΢΢ͷС, ˿, ҵ㡣
ô˵ҲЩڣԭʲô, Ϊʢʵһ䡣
˵Ҳûʲô, зӦҲûʲôǴʢʳͲһˡ
ʢҪҩ, , ڽҿµʱЩۣ˿ںճһ, ʢġ
վ˵Ļ, 뻹Ǿʢˡ
ʢԶ, ʢ㲻, ϣʢúõڷš
۲ۡʢʡ
ҩڱƽһֱۣͷҡҡͷ
һֱۣʦҩʱۡ
ۣ˵
ƽԭʲôʢһ䣬ﱻµĸЩ֪ӿʢΪôصķǵԹۡ
Ҳۣ㡭۵Ӧʦ֡
ʢ俴ۿ΢Щڵ˵Ϊ飬ҲΪġ
ƽôۣȴΪ
䵭⻯ЩʢһԴ
ǰ̶ֳȵĽޣ㲻ʲô
ƽЩסˣ̶ֳȵĽ޻ʲô׷ʵ
ʦǰΪλᰤ
ǰ껹֪ĹһϳͣзޱĳͷҲǷߡ
˱ܷʢ䣬ʦ
ָⴥ⻬Ƥϣû˿̺۵ĺ󱳣Щ
ҲӦƽЩˣʢѾĺܺˣ벻ʢΪʲô
ʦѾķǳˡ
ô˵ûƽҩ֮󱳺ûôˡ
ʢһһЩܿ뵽ܾʢˣʢ䱾͹ˣȫǵ
֪ΪʲôзӦǴȴܼ򵥣ӽʢ䣬ܻзӦ
ʦ֣ǲ¸ȥɽ
ʢ䡰šһƽպȥԺԼȥ
ʢ俴һᣬ˵˸á
ÿ˵ʲôʢ䶼ͬ⣬Ϊʲô
˳
ƽŴʱܿʢ䣬˿ڷʱôӴ
ڻڷʳѩʥģûĵطţпȽϷꡣ
ʦ֣⼸գǻǷֿ˲ýÿΣҲغһ𡣡
ƽô˵ЩţǸûа취ޣһ˵ǿԣǻʢ䡣
ʢ䱻ۡ
ʦķԸ
ƽǣҲʦܹ֪ǳзӦʦֿܻǻܷ
ᱻȥض
ʢָ΢סĬһ֪ˡ
ҲûжˣȵȥɽʣµĻƽû˵ȵɽʢһ𣬵ʱ򿴿ܲܳȥץ
ţʢΪ´·תָקʢһ½ǡ
ʦ֣һҾҪȥˡ
ܸܲұһ¡
ƽԼֻһ£ʢԺͲˣ⼸ԼԹԵԼԺţٹʢ䡣
˵ʢһûӦ΢Ӧһֱӱסʢ䡣
ʦ֣úˣ⼸ղؼƽ뵽ʲôʢǸ⣬ϢӹʢĶϡ
ɤģǴżּᶨ
ʦ֣ҵ⣬˵һܹģԼҲдˣ㡣
ʢʶرŲ꣬һûͷһ·޲һ
ʱ΢΢ߴŸ˵۾żᣬȻЦݣԭȵ·һɨա
ǼǰŵϺŵϢЩ˪ƽĵģָʶҪץסȴ˸ա
˵Ǳһ£Ǳһ¡
ʦ֣ˣллΪҩ
ƽЩ֣ʲôʢ佻ѾΪϰߡ
ʢָ΢סãջָ⣬ȥ
Ŷ
һȥԺӱòԶ߼ͣˣʢϻˡ
ʦ֣ȥɣ͵Ϳˡ
ˣʢͣˡ
ʣµ·ԼһߣʱܹʢĿ⣬ԭЩԽԽ
ۡ
صʦʦִһ
ƽԼûߵԺſڿһϤӰ
Щ⣬ԭվţĿϣ֪Ժſڵ˶á

ƽ˷䣬ùû£ǷҪ
Сӣҹ㣬⼸գڳס취Ϊѩʥĵĸá
ʢѾΪҹ˰취ֻҪҩȪܺãظ֮ǰȥҩʦ壬ȥҩģÿҩȪǣʦΪҲ͡
סֻԼԺӡ
Сӻǹȥɣ䷽ſķǴģȥԼʦˣȥʢҪ
ʢŵģӶԴͽܣ˵һ
ҡС¸²ȥίû⼸աûǲҪ
ƽ΢סˣ˷˼Щԭվ˺һᡣ
ԸҪȥɽĻȽҪ
ָ΢ӲصԼԺӣſڵʰĥĥذѶʰˣԼ˴㡣
һҪ뿪޷塣
ʵûʲôҪʰģƽԼСͷԼĽĻһЩҩģԼļС˶顣
ŷص
ƫϴδıǷƽϢĵط
ıǷ޵һ䣬С⼸ձϢ½ұǣס
ŷô˵ƽ뿪ڵĻȥڵǲﶼһ
ڷƤӵ£ƽźĵδơ
̫ˣܲܵƣ
δƣܾĻߣյһӵĴ΢˶١
С㡣
ƽϲõĵطˣûҪίԼΥҲֻ³
ҵ㣬߲·
ƽʹŷ䣬䵹û˵ʲôΪƣûһ
ůɫһɢ˵еĺĵ·˹
ָ̨ȶȣЩѾ֪δˡ
һǧĳڴ˿¼˹⡣
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޳С
ԭһԵǣųе̴ϸδĽ˵Լĺǵһ롣
̴ЩʱΣ˶ȥеնʹɱаˣҶȥ֣ѵ̴һᡣ
̴ԭԼҲܹմ֣׼ӣͨ˽ˡ
ϡп˹ˡ
ûһͼˡ˿Լ꣬һɫñס˴ֻ¶һؾµ򢣬Ǵʱƿۣܹµĳ»ơ
ָųһֻ޳һǩ֮󣬰Ѷǩϡ
ָ˵ǩ˼̴ϰһԡ
̴϶ʶˣһۿʲæ˶ǩ֣֮һԡ
ӿԵ
ӳĬһᣬ΢΢ס
Աһȥɽ
̴ϵд֣ݸӡ
ѩôʶ֣ǿϳ
壬ʱʲôʲôʲô
Щ
ֽ
ѩɤͳļ֡
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 66  ϲ
ƽƫ, ȷȥ֮ͰѷźˣԼڴĥţֽдڡ
»вʮ, ʮ죬Ƿ, ȻǲȥɽǱˮһա
һᣬԺʢǸ⣬ҵ, ܿ׿˼
ûмж, ƽܿо⣬ˣһ, ڴ齽Լһ, 𽥵˯˹ȥ
˿̵ƻͨ΢ζһ˲꿿Ž˯ȥ֮, 齱߶һӰ
޿Ŵ齱ߵ, ӰζʱȻ, ʱ, βڵʧ
ڳʢҲл, ƽԼûʢ, ƺ, ԼԴŶҪ˯ˡ
ԭԼЬ, Ь֮۽ɨһף˳ſȥ漴һ
޲֪ʱģԶվţȻ㶼ûв
ȻҲ˵һ
ƽһʦ𣿡
˵ΪβŽǷ޵ĵĬڲǷĬĬذ˵Ļȥ
ޣ⼸գԲȥÿΡ
ƽ÷̫ڶϣ֮ǰΪٵƮƮ˵ԲȥÿΡ
ţԷ޵ڵҲû¿ȥÿΡ
ѩʥĵĸҩѹƣ̫ӰҵжһЩ
Ҳһֱе߹ƻţǡ
ƽԼԼޱߴУ׾ٱ⿪õĹڷ˿ɢ
ʦ𣿡ƽʶŤͷָķˡ
ƽЩΣֲĹŴˣŵӶҪͷȻ㣬һֱһֱĲôá
ϸ»
˿ɢ࣬ƽްڰϣһָͭķ˿ϣ˿£һ
о΢ЩʣԷ޵ʦԼͿԡ
ûлӦ£ŷ˿ָⰴļ򣬲Ҷ
ƽ΢һ£ֲܿˣ˵Ļֻش޶
䡣
޴ˣƽ˳ſȥ֪Ҫʲô
ԣ¶һ
ƽ
Щ⣬ΪλҪһԭķͨõ֣Ϸĵ˶һ
ı̫ԣ˵΢˶٣̫󡣡
ƽ΢ʲô󲻳ģڷ޵޾ȻʲôҪܡ
ĬĬοԼֻʣ⼸ˣ⼸̣ȵ˷ͺˡ
˿±һ𣬷޸ѡһǳɫķǷۺɫƽԭó˾úó
ȥһᱻ賰Ц
ʦǲҲе󡣡
ôʣ޶˶ֵ䡣
ƽ;ò̫ܿٴγ֣϶ոµĵۣķͬɫ滹ǳǳĽơ
ȥܻȥƻһֻڵĻ
ޣһϣͲˡ
ƽԸ⣬ȨȡᣬСܲܲڵľͦá
ǰɲ֪⻹ɫĵۣȻô
ôʳϷ޵Ŀ⣬˱Įܡ
ƽڰϲԸ⶯ƺ֪ʲô˳ĬһֵǻϣЩҴȥɽ£Ϊȡһ
ΪԼˣ䶯˶ȷʵ⣬ǲǺͷһ𰡣ȡ
ƽЩᣬϷĮӣȷʦ˵
ûлشĴ⡣
һӺƫ紫ԥԥرԼԭȵĵ۳ԭģıãƫ鶯ãʱһǳɫĵۣøӻѣһ꺬ŵ
ڵĽľ££һ΢΢šüԵЩӦЩ˼䶼Щ
ƽ֮ƫ˶ſ䴽΢һ£дЩһѾ
ĿͣƬ̣ߺһᶼûջ
ʦֻһգƽڸּۻۣС˵˵ģΪҽ⿪
˾ĬƬ̣Ӧһ䣬ȥ󡣡
ǻ·˺һᣬ·ĥ䣬ȥѾÿοʼˡ
䣬˵ʦǲЩ⡣
ƽ·ûס²һ䣬ôúܱŤˣƺҲ
ôˣһӲͷƤһʺСӡ
ܺÿ
ǿЩͲ㴩һֻڵĻҲԵøӽ
ƽΪ棬Լôŵģȷʷ䣬𣿡
䣺ġ
ƽ΢һ·˽ȥ΢ˣϽˣϱûȥˡ
ôһǳעע⵽ϣʢ䡢ͣĽ壬о衣
ƽ־ЩˣӲͷƤ˾Աߣչ˵С
ǹģǹзģȤһ䣬ѹǷƳϿ϶˵㡣
ŷޣ˼ʦԼӴ㣬γȻ˵ʲô
Ҳ룬ƽֹһ䣬ֻôһա
ɫʵͦʺ㣬һ׼
ƽҲôģ˼ʵôߣÿΣҲΪʢʢ䡣
ÿÿһʢǵһģǰ濿ϵĵط;ƫλá
һ̧ͷܹʢıӰǰŵ걳ֱͦ촩һɫĵۣ֪ˡ
ĽǶȣܹʢĲʢÿκ棬Ƿģӣ伮ƺġ
һÿҪȥʱļ򣬡һֱĲɵģŷôͿʼ˼.ˣ
ƽ΢Щ˵ط˵ʲôأʲô˼˼.볤˵Ļ
ѽôżͣǴ˵
óǰ꣬뵽ʲô͵͵˵мһֱڿ㣬պע
ʵ֮ǰ㷢ˣǰģĺãƽﲻô˵ǷĵҲûʲôôױע⵽
ע⣬Ҳûôԣոԣһеӣˣеһֱڶ꿴
ƫƫȽϴһֱûв
ʦģƽ΢Ըᡣ
ԵǾˣޣֱ󲻳޻ϲɫҲ⣬޳Ŀ£ͽܴʲôҪܣҲֲ̫ˡ
˵˼仰Ҫһͬȥˣȥں档
ڶڽɽƽ˸ٵĵط;һ𣬺ʢһЩ룬ʢʹһ
ƽҲϲڽţûʲôˡһὣ۽ɨһӰ
Ƕվһꡣ
ǷĵӣȥЩ죬ģϿΣЩ㣬ҲͨһƬ
֡ʦܡ
ƽЩ⣬ûзӦǰǰ˶Ȼ˱ɿʧˡ
Īġ
ѽѽ̹ˣƽĶ͵Ķ
ƽЩ֣ӦǣϾͷƽﶼû˵֪Էʲô
Ǳȥ֮вٵӶ壬Ӷ
˳ſһۣЩ⣬Ǹʦͽ˰ɣƽͦϲʦܣ˴ʦܡ
Ľ忴һ۾ջߣǽŮ٣඼еӣʦǱȽرһӱЩŮӻҪܻӭ
ҲнŮӶǵԭԶһģһĻ
ʢʦ֣
ʢ俴ԶķϢ䵭üһӰ



 67  ŵ
ƽָ˱, һԽۡԽûô˽⣬֮Щԥʾ, ҪҪͻȥ
֪֪ͽʲô˼迴ֲ´󣬶, ɵ֮ͽۣͨǷİ˼
ôˣȻûп
裺ҪҪȥԼ˻ջȥĵ, ҹͻȥҲҪ
Ҳ֪, ƽͷԣָŽۣԽ۲ôȤ, ͵֮ϲ
˼û˼, Ȼնˡ
һͻȥɡ
ƽŽۻȥʵеֲеӣܻϵõ, ˳ҹȥ, ûпŵеӡ
ûҵˣֻ, Ծ, ȥһȦ˲ڡ
ٻ, ܾǰˡ
ǵС
ƽذѽ, , żһʢķ, ʢҲڿ
ЩҪȥܿסˣ⼸ǻǲҪӴȽϺãϿɻʢҲûкá
ûйȥÿνʱ򣬵ʢˡ
ߵĲˣƽʢ䳯رȥˡ
ʦ֡
ʢĿϣ䵭ʵյ˽ۣ
ǲʶĵ͵ģƽѽóʢ俴ûϸûע⵽ŷĻƣûʮ¿̲
Ҵջ
̯ĸһԾµĽۣƿĩβһ֡
ʢ䵭ʣϲ
ƽʱûвʢЩԣʢһᣬʵʵ˵ҲЩƽòҾ˵˼̫ãҲ˼ҵĶ
ʦһҪȥ󣿡
ʢ䡰šһһֿ˿ڣʦΪ㻻ϵģ
ʦ˵һһ죬Ϊҽ⿪һ죬ƽд𣬸оЩڣ⼸ʦ
ҹȥȥ᲻ȥɽ
ƽɤԽԽͣʢĿϣĪܽţɷץס͵.ӣڱʵӡ
ôţ΢Щһ滹ԼûãַֻʽȥظЭ
ǰĬ˺һᣬʢָԴϣԴ
޷ʢ䴽΢ֱԼߵϢľŵꡣ
¡
ʲôҡ
䵭ɤԵͣʢ̵ʶˣΪ̫ͣûκλȨ˳ŷޣʲôأ
֪ˣƽʢһʵʦ֣ͬһȥ󡣡
˻û䣬һСӡƽƤ˳ſȥ䲻֪ʲôʱģǲԶվţĿϡ
ƽ΢֪ûа취ʢˣسŷ߹ȥ÷Щˡ
һɶûС
ʱͷһۣ껹ԭվţһ˫˼֣䵭Щһֱڿ
СӡԱߺһջߡ
ǹػصƽԼƫţԼıˣԼ·һۣ˺Ѿʧˡ
󣬱һƬ⻬ʲôҲûС
һԺ
ʢȥһ˲ڲʱ֮ŻصԼԺӡ
صԼԺ֮ȥԼ괩ŵۣδڱǰѹ
Ǵʱڣῴ걳˰ֹ̣ĸϡխļϣ첲ϣǳ¾ɲһ˺ۡ
ıǰһı޺ۣԭʮֶһڱ󣬴СǳĪ˺ۡ
ԭȲ֪ԭ򣬺֪ˣЩˣˡŻûκ˺ۣ˺۶ϡ
ʢ׵ָ˺ۣ׵ķ˿ɢֱ࣬ӱȪ
ڸĸ֮ӦܣȴܵĸԸ
󴦵ĺ߰زϣзڣʲô̽
*
ƽԼ̱·ˣԼͨĵۣҲһˣ˭˭ǿһ۶
ѽ۷ϣԼ˵ͷ˵ƺûбЩ棬͵͵ؿűߡ
Сӽڽյ˽ۣе͵ġ
ƺеӵϲ
˵ţ۽ɨʲô΢סƫţΪƫ˵ƣűܹӳӰӡ
űӳӰӣ껳ﱧŵģ͵͵ؿűߣƺ͵˵
䣺
ȻҲˣ˳ſȥĿ΢˶٣귢ǲ˵ˣΪԼ⣬ֿһ㡣
ȣЩΣԼ״ˣ˳Ųһ䡣
СӽĵǲнΪߣϴζײҲĽ硣
ƽ͵͵ţ˺Щ⣬ǰ仹ڸ״ô˵
˺һᶼûлش𣬷Ҳƫ䣬ô˵Ħ޵˼
ƽֱԼĵĻȥˣϹŵƤϣ˵Ļû˵ˣƫš
˴ߵķޣ˷ǰСʦ˵Ϊҽ⿪
Ҳ̨̨ûеȼһŵ˵ɽǽա
ֲȥˣҾڵţ
ƽСּۻۣһ۷ޣֺµصͷЩţ֪޻᲻Ը⡣
ʦ𡭡ܲǰ⿪
رǹءɤĮԵĲΪ
Ҳ˶ѽƽС죬˵࣬˵˻÷
ȥתֿ˿ڡ
վס
ƽתٴסקһ㣬ϴһ⿪ˡ
²Ϊ˵һ䣬䵭ӳΣ귢⿪ˣۿɼϢˡ
ԭһᣬϢ죬˵һ䡰лʦ𡱣ƺڣɿˡ
ⳤһ򰲾֮˰Ǳֱţʲôãӻʷ죬ص
ǲСİѶˤˣԺƫ﷢һһǸڴţô֡
Щˡ
ر˫ۣϲԼƿأϲ죬
ǰˡ
Щŵ
ƽֱҪ˻ˣȻô׵ľͽֱӰˣʡķ
ţ͵͵ȥţһߵ̨ȥ˿ֺδ̨ϵĻԾЩյָ
УְŽˮݣý˼£ֱˤ˺üΣôŪ
ƽͲҧˣ֪ʲôģȻôʵǷ޵ĶȻƿ
ǻˣҲˣ޾û취ˡ
ܲҳڶһģһ
ƽ˳ŴڿһۣǽأӺ֡
ƫĴӺ΢΢ŵķܹƫƫȴ
ڴţ۽ɨʲôȥһһ
һϤ˴ƫӳȥڰջһ⣬ۡһ˳
ƽͷ󻼣ѩʥĴӰ֪ȥ˯ߵ·룬תȥ
˽·ãƫĴ϶һʳ
ŵķޣ
ݶϵķ䣺


 68  ƽ˫㣬˿˿
ƽΣ, ˴Ŀ⣬Щţ͵͵ؿһ۷, ܿƤ
ʦ𣬽ղ˵Ҫɽ
˯ĺܺ, һˣ˷ĵӷ
ӷǷ޸׼ģɫڶЩ, ƺͷƽﴩĺ
ǰһ˿, һЩ飬ûҪ󣬰缦ػ˷޸׼ĵۡ
д, Ŀ, Ȼһ£Ĳ
޳ĬһͻȻڵ
ء
ƽ۾գһµ, ʦ˵˽ղ, ˣڷ
ȥ, ܹһֱ, һᣬӲͷƤվԭûж
һ, ɨһǺɫ̧һ۷ķ, ַһѾؿ
ƽƤ, װ·, ִߴٵʦǲٲɽҪˡ
ǷҪȥø˵Ѿ˴Ϣȥ
ջߣһ۷ķ򣬷ԭʧ
ܿ죬һͬ˳ƽǵһμ޳֪ǲǴܾ÷ɫƺ԰ЩαЩ͸
࿴ۣ޻ûѰӵݣߣֻ¶һ˫ǳĴǣεǺܺÿ
ʦòҲߣ
ޣء
Ϊ׼ɺףǻɺףƽǵӳ˵ֽס
ƽֻǵɺܺúȣڶɺҿָ⴫ĴУǣס
ʶرҪָ̧Ϸ޵Ŀ⣬Щˣ·ޣûٸҶָֻ΢ջһ㡣
ǣɺףɺչɺױо΢ʣܿǰһΧһεĽ硣
ɺչᣬɺڸдУƽ¿һۣоЩͷƤ飬̫Զ͵͵קŷ޵һڡ
קŷޣǲСˣҲڵȥ
޴ܿСģֱ˳ˣָƽӡ
Լ۸ˣίֻ֮ܿЭǳԲǴֻʢʱ򣬲Żһ̡
ƽ֪ʲô˼ʽ򵥣¶ѡԼһЩ
קŷ޵һ½ǣᵽΪĲࡣɺײֽǰƽȣٶȷǳ죬վסǷһ棬ƻᱻɺһ˦ֱ˦ȥɽ
Ƿܹվĺȣܹ÷·ƽϣΧƮɢ޷Զȥ
ƽ˿΢ɢң¸оƽϣЩ£ŷ޵һ½ǣڷվš
ʦҪܵ
оԼķ˿һ£˵һ㵽ˡ
˼˽£עԼҪȥˣûע⵽ָΪ˳ޱߵķ˿
ƽ˼ЩƮԶˣûȥÿΣ֪ʢʲôڽľͷʲôÿ춼ࡣ
ǵܲ£ƾͰȫˡ
ɺڵ滺ͣƽע⵽Զǳ֣Ѿӷ⵽ǧ
ɽ±ǧСǣ߳ƲϷ˵ĸоǽˮ磬ɽˮһ뻭ζ
ƽͷһ˳ǣǵһκͷһԭЩڣʲô棬ȥ֡
淢ַһֱĬԵġŵĿˣԼϲĶ˳ˣȻ֪ĻǷ֮ǰʯ
ǻгǣΪ⣬ԶԶܹƵɽ֣˶ഩӯˮ䳤ۣ
ƽŴ׸⣬Ƿ޵ʯʶػͷһۣվţĿϣû
ʦй𣬺ҪҪ
ƽЩΣϾĻǷ޵ʯֻϵһ䣬Ҳ֪޲Щ
Ҫջˣ׵ָһŴ׸⣬дЩӲЩԥŴ׸
ƽò˼ˣŴ׸⣬΢΢ۣķЩŹ֡
ӦƽûôԹЩ΢΢šü۵̫𡣡
ĶģôģƽԼŴ׸⣬һ۷ޣ΢תתдϣżϡ档
ûһջĿ⣬ΪͻȻô֪ܱЩԺǿٳͷʢ䡣
ʦǣֻ䣿
Ȼǡ
ޣЩҪȥһ˽ׯҪȥһظ󡣡
ƽŶһûҪȥʲôЩ˼˼
ﱧԼĵģĶˣ߿Ǳ߿ײˣüη޳ĺӰˡ
ɤĮҪܡ
ƽקӣЩˣֲ˼˵ʲôߵĿ㣬Զ㡣
ȺΪŵĵԵʣûȥĶ˺һᣬһֵƷҲˡ
תһϤӰɸ˫΢ţ·ӰΡ
ޣȥ
ƽ˵ˣַˣΪôߣôץס
߿ƽСش𣬡Ҳ֡
޺һûгˣڳйһᣬ޴ȥ˽ׯ
νĽׯĵط޲ûнȥڽׯſڱڵţذѶ˷ޡ
ǽҪĶҼӻģýʧ
˶
ƽԱվţһۣô棬߽ׯ΢ƫƧ˺٣ׯҲЩ¾ɣȥЩͷˡ
ĥ·ĵĻȥһЩʢ䣬֪ʢ᲻ϲȻתԼǰղ˵ʱҪˡ
۽ɨʲôǰ΢.һɫĽۣ۵ķǳϸ£ʶˡ
ס
ޣҪҶ
ƽûжһ˫ͼƣȥ˫Ϸˮɫߴţްѽϵϡ
ʦ𣬸ҽʲô
ͷҲۣ˵⽣Ǽ²ġ
ʯָаķȥɽܹܿһЩΣա
ԭ㣿
ƽ΢סˣܿ췴ӦŬѹסԼļǷͬȥɽ˼
ʦ𡭡ʦԸȥɽ
˳Ĭһᣬǵ˵Ļǣһȥ
ƽСʦҲ
һҲʦû˵ڡ
ܾʵЩ棬ԽʲôʵԽʲô
ûϴ˽ۣײһ𷢳죬һѷ֡
ƽ˷޵˼ĬĬ룬Ѿˣ޻᲻Լȥ
˼ƫЩ޴뿪˽ׯȥظ
νظ󣬱ϢݻϷĵط߿˺ܶ࣬ߡӽȥʱޱס󣬴ܿȺ
о΢ʣָ⶯˶ʣʦʲô
һϷ
ƽЩʣǴȣ˾ͷϷֽ̨úصţֻпǽĵطǶҹ飬ҹɢĵĹ⡣
ۿȥǴߵĿˣ۽ɨʲôߺס
Զ𴦣һ֡


 69  ƫƫʦ
ƽ΢ס, ʶ˳ȥٿȥȴʧˡ
ſ˺һ, ע⵽쳣˳ķ򿴹ȥ
ֻһ, ʲôûˣΪҪ𣬶
Ҫһ߿ԴȥһЩ
ƽЩ, ʼû, ȻӦΪҪ
ʦҿĲǸ, ƽЩ, شȥ
΢˶٣û˵ʲôڽѰһλ
̨ϵıʱ仹ûе, ƽǵ÷ſ, ޳ҲڴĴ, ͼѰҷĨӰ
˶, ⣬Ϊǽ׵ĵط, ൱ڵ½гͨ˴˶Ը͸¶Լݡ
Щۻ, ȥ, һģĸо, ҲſһƳۡ
һֵķţȥǺƣһڵǳ˵ĸоܹ졣
û޿˿ڡ
ƽջԼ˼ͷ̴ܿ˵ĺͲˮģƺһ˪
ָһ£ĻȺģʱ򻯿Щָϡ
ʦҪʲôϷ
޲ûлش⣬ΪϨֻʣǽϵҹ飬Ϸ̨Ӱ
֪ˡ
Ϸ̨ϣݵǧǰĹ¡ɾӡǧа֮ˣˮˮ䣬ڽյѹС
ߵϷ̨Ͻ˵һƽĵģûô⡱ָ֣΢˶٣ˮҲûʲôȤֻ̨ϵΪԼҵ档
Ժֳ︡˳̧ͷȥ̨Ϸ˵Ѿʧˣֳһӡ
һԳۣ忡ϴŽߣͨڣһɳŵ
ƽˣ̨ӦǰķɾıǷɾΪĹ¡
һᣬ˸ǷºܰģоЩˡ
̨µƺĺ棬ƽЩ˼˯գգ̨ۣϰɾ轣̡
ûʢƯҲûʢÿģ϶Ҳûʢÿ
ʢһÿֻʢԱȣϾûмɾ
ţ°ַͣ޿ĺ棬дЩƺмѹ
ƽƤڴܣ֪ѹʲôѹѹɣĺ룬ʵǲ²
°ͽ˯ȥԽԽŨڰΰѼϡ˸ݵΡ
ڴеĿ˶ʧԭֻʣһˣϷ̨һӰ
ӴͬԳۣһͨڵĳȷϷ̨ϵҪĶ࣬ɢϢ
̨ϵӻͷԷԷķת˲֮䵽ǰ
ɭɤ
࿴飬ٹ.ˡ
ƽʶ̱ˣоԼĶ·𱻲᲻صšһ£˲ۣ΢ԼĶ䡣
·в¶ȣšĶ䡣

Ѿǵڶˡ
ʦ𣬷˾Ҷ䡣
ƽ֪ĺ󱳷΢Ǳ߿һЩԼǰĵҲŲŲ뷽ŵλԶЩ
ô˵Ŀϣ΢˶٣ס
ܿޱɿδ쳣ģΧһ硣
΢ͣƬ̣βġ
˱˻֪Լ䱻˵ģƽ̻ظ˾Ҷ䣬ҵȻܸоˡ
ֹҶ䣬Ҵ
ƽɤòմʲôɡ
ŷü΢šԼһᶼûиоʲô··
аš
̨ϵӻ轣ƽȥǰĵģһԼҪٱĶ䡣
۽һֱߵ꣬ע⵽ˣ̨ϵıݷֺûдúģٴ˯š
һ䶼ûС
ƽ˻ģĶҪˣǰѵĳˣζֻҪ˿˿Ķϲˮܺúȣһǲ
ڳԶʱ򣬷޾Ա߿˵Ŀ⣬֪Щ˼
ƽְѵķװģؿ̨ϵıݣûŤͷҲܹ޵Ŀ⡣
ڸкǿ׵
Ǳȥˣƽ·ЩС˶飬ŷ޵治֮࣬ǰص˳
ƽԭЩᣬ֪ҪҪͶʢ䣬룬ֱӰѵķʢĴ̨һŤŤ
Ǹʦֵġ
ֽͻȥˣ֪һ֮վһӰ
ʢԶ㿴껶ڵرŶԺſھ˺һᣬѶ˴̨ϣȻֻȥˡ
ڴ̨߲ķ䣬ѾһһҹδϹۡ
뿪֮˴ֻԵֽĵģȥȺģԱ߻һСֽ
ּ΢ʲݡ
ָֽ·ֽϻв¶ȡ
*
ƽԭķ޸޼նû£ڳһֱɽһա
ǼҪʰȥɽ·;ңԶҪʰǷްʰģ׼ʯҩиòҪĶΪˡ
СģҪˣɽҪٵҪ˯ȥ˱úС
ɽҹǣʦ鷳ȥ
ǰôͷʾˣЩģΪϾɽˡ
֪ʦġ
ӹ˴ʹ䣬ԼĽֵҪ֮ǰӦġ
ƽһʱ֮û޷ҲǲʢӴҲ벻ˡ
֪ˣʦ𲻱ңǱߣԼȥ
ԼĽˣʱתһۡڴţķĿԶ
Ҫ뿪޷ˡ
ƽ˻ż飬̤޷һ̣ظû˳޷塣
ԶԶĿһˣʢ䡢ͣĽ壬оΥԼһҩĵӡ
һ¶ڽɽ˿ȥЩҲӵľˡ
ƽô죬ˣŲԶʢ䣬Щ˶࣬ʱûгʢ˹ȥ
ˣֳ飬һˡȥɽ·ϻп飬ţʱʾ
ȥɽŵĵӣ·Ͽܾͻ̭һ׼Ҫûɽͱ̭ˣǷ
ǸÿһƣԸƽȻʢһ顣
ͺĽĹϵҲһ飬ʣҩĵһ顣
˷ֺ飬һֽͬ׳⣬Ȼȥɽµгǻ
ֻʢˣƽʲôù˼ˣƽȵǰʻʢںͳ֪˵ʲôֻԳ߲
ʢ䷽˵·ߣ㳯˹
ָʶرסˣײϲ֪Ǹ˻ǽźЩӳ߻
ʦ֡
*
С
ǰһˮ˷⣬ӦĻ
ǣ

ٿԼʦ֡
ͬһҪܿҲףĿ顣
ڻûеһӣؿ˽˱˻ǻϢ
ű˼ֹ֣漴Ĭ
ףС˵Ļ˭֪ܵ棬Ϊӻš


 70  ô
ƽ˽ʢ仳, ⼸նûôʢ˵һֱﵽɽһգû˹˼ɡ
ָ, Щɫ˿ʢ䴹, ĿĲʵ⿪ˣ
ʦ⿪ˣƽ, ˵ֻ⿪һ, Ұˣûᡣ
˳ǳӺ, ԭʦ
ײһ𷢳, ƽʢ俴ϵĽۣ͵ʦҵ, ˵ǿԲаķλ, ɽԱܿһЩΣա
һ˫㽣̵ۣ, Ĺ, գǷһ˼
ʢ䶢˫㽣, ʲôָȥ, ΢ͣһ, Ȼµɿ
껹, ûв쳣˳Ǿðȫˣϻӱˣߴߴ˵⼸շ¡
ƽɿЩܾԼ̫ճʢЩ΢ԶЩӵӳʢĲһ˵ûûˡ
ʦ֣㲻֪ʦÿҴʲôҪܡСҲҪϲģʲôҪġ
Ҵıˡ
˵ȥȥ˵ȥ㲻ȥ֮ǰΪҳٵҡ
ڳˣҿʦȻ
ƽֹסˣǷ֪ʢִһץȥϾߵʱ޻
˼תת˻⣬ʦ⼸նʲô
ʢ˵ţ̵Ļش֡

Ҿ֪ƽС˵ʦֿ϶Ǻһÿնȥ
˵ʢ䵭΢΢ɼıֱЩͬһԽۣЩʱտ̳ġ
ԭȳ֮꣬ڿ˷һԣ̵Ľ˲ȻʧɫԵѷһ
ʦˣƽвסʢýۼĿʢָһЩϸС˿ڣָҲ˺ۡ
סʢԭʢҪջ֣ԽԽ뿴ʵЩŪģ
ָһ˺ۣʢָ΢˶ʱСĲġ
ΪָˣƽЩţʢƽҲôע⣬Щ˿µģδ
ණ˳ó˱űʢһۣʵΪβһ¡
ʢ䣺鷳
ŲۣƽЩ⣬һˣҲûб£ʢַԼϡ
Ұ
ƽָЩƽõҩ࣬ҩͿʢ˿ڣȻѱ⿪ʢ˵ָ
ĺ棬ѧ֮ǰʢǰᣬϵĺᣬĺĴš
ʢ΢΢ָᣬԵƺ⣬΢΢Щ˴
ʦ֣㿴ǲǺöˡ
Ͳˡ
ƽʢ䣬ǳԣҪʦֿһЩС£ƽʢҲǿúá
ţʢ俴ųĺᣬˣϲ
֪Ǻỹˡ
ƽ΢΢ЩĿκĸоЩ飬ʵ˿ںʢȻôĿĺá
ʦԺ˶Թңҿ԰
ʢʲô˳ſȥģҲ΢죬͸Ϣ
ô׸ˡ
ʢ䣺á
ʦ֣ȥɽҪգƽóԼƣд֣зĽơ
·ϻ̭һˣܻỨѵʱ䳤һЩ
Ҳ֪ô׵̤뽣Դء
ʢƿ˴һ۴⣬ǻᵽǼǣϢһգտܻҹ·
ƽЩʵΪҪҹ·
ȥҹǣһЩʢҲǰĵ伮һ꣬ǰɽһֱ̭ԭʱ䡣һ޵ĸʱƣǹҪʱ䣬ᱻ̭
ƽȻԼƣ뵽ʲôδ˵ÿԸʢ䡣
ʦ֣Ҳһ𣬡ƽ׳ǵľΪͣأȥҲ
ϴ޳ǡƽܾãƺ֪ҹʱѦ
֮ҵĸоƺ
ѦӣĿסԴҲӦ̬ȡ
ﻹ˼еΥͣԼԴϴУʢ۵ס
Ҳĵ״ɣʢȷʵף֮ͬ·㾡ܿദ
Ŷƽ˿Щָޱߣջ֡
ʦĺѦһģ֪ˣƻ
ʢ뵽ʲô΢ԨԴ˵رǺء
˶ں׽£׽˷˲ȥ¡
ĳϺֵܶ࣬ĺЩܹγϣ˵γǵ꽣ȵĵڶһ֮ޡ
ǵŷƾĳ뻯ķҲкܶҩĳϡ
Щܼõ˾ϣЦ̰壬еܼǼһǷ˴
ƽֻ΢ţʵ϶ԷĳҲô⣬֮뵽ˣԭһģӦò
Ѧûѳʦ֮ǰûмѦж׽
ţʢ丽͵ܻ֮ϵ
㣬ֶƭǷĳϣݲô򵥡
ƽʢߣЩƺôģʢڣʢԺܷġ
ڰʱǼǣɵӶٶע⣬ǻûͨյģȥֵ
λסջҪ䣿
ʢӹȥƽԼססͨķ䣬ӦܲӲĴ齣ҲܲûеĺѬ㡣
һֺš
ջ֣ƽŶñ۵ӣϹҵнȥ㲻ǡ
ʦ֣Щʲôˣ
ƽʢһ½ǣʢ˳ſһۣû̻ظסָ⣬ǣȴ¥
һֱǵķ䣬ʢſ˿ڣЩӦնʹԾ޳һ޳ﲻԶ
ȥɽնʹҲ˹ȥˣ˳·
ƽŶһֻǺһ䣬֮㱻עֺŵķܲһ׼ĵĺͲˮȼ㡣
֮ѶˣڷҲסҪʢ¥
ʦ֣ҷſ¥г֣иԪӣҪҪȥ
ƽչȥʢдһۣһЩ֮£ʢдĺʲݣ֪Щʲô
ˣʢ˱ʣһȥǰţźߣߵżһЩʢקź߰
ײʢ仳ߵһЩЩ棬ʵʦ֣ܿƺߣܸ֪߳ҵλãʲôá
ֻܲΪ˰ڵİɣӦôߡ
ʢ侲Ƭ̵δԹҲ֪
꣬˶ٵԸԣķ֡



 71  һỤ㡱
ƽžЩ̫Ծ, Ƕʢ䵭ʢ·˵Ƿǳϡƽ顣
ȷʵܺ棬ԼӦ
ʢĿ, ˵, һ֮ǰҶҲˡ
ϵ⣬׸
ʢ䡰šһûи, ʵ겻ͬ, һҲܰ겻Ը⣬Ҳǿȡ
ϲԸ
㲻Ը⣬㲻ԡ
ƽʢһ, ܾʢ˼µ͸͸, Խô˵ԽǾò˼̲סӦˡ
ľͷƽﲻôƨ, 湦ͦλ
˵ƽŪȥˡ
˵¥, νĸԪʵԲߵԲù, ǳ, СҪ롣
һ¥λãƽѡƫλ, ʢ
Χ˲٣ǸŶñ۵ļӻ, ƺ߳, ڿջס
˶, ԷʱҲ䳤ʱ䶼ˡ
ƽǰ뵵Ĳˮʢġ
лʦ֡
ѲˮŲԼǰԱߵ˵ûбܻǣһ䡣
˵ʹȥˣȥԵȥˣ
ƽЩ˵ʲô֮ˣͨ
ʹֲʶ֣һϴأ
˹Ц
Ѿ˳У˵ϾܸǼ档
ЩɲҪˡ
ƽڴŸԪӣһ䣬֪⼸նʹ˼ƫЩնʹĸʹȻʶ֣
ܿ˼˵СʢҪվȥˣʢ䰴ס
ҹȥš
Ҹʦһȥ
ƽСβһʢȺð˻еĺ͹ӣʵﻹе𡣡
ĶҪҪֺŵķ䣬һݡ
ƽŤͷһۣʢȥˣһ۴ŹӵĵģһݣЩġ
Ҫݣǲֻһݵӡ
Сǳ飬С㣬ֻһݵļǮݵġ
ƽ۽ɨƺ˽ˣûôע⣬ǵԼһᣬûǰƴˡ
ϡĴУơžߴһµ˵ϣҵ˵СԼĵģȻ׼ȥϵơ
ûƣԱһֻ޳֣һ˰Ƽˡ
лƽлȥƵ괩źɫñۣ
л˳ְƻ
ƽûһСûƣ˳ֱԼתŵȥʢˡ
ʦ֣СһݵġƽŵķŵСϣŵ˹۾΢
δסˣʢײˣ
ûУӵʱСƵˡ
ƽָ΢˶֪ʢǹСûײˣֻ˷ݵģǸ˳ְҼơ
˵ʢɿӽ˽ȻҨһֻԲ
ԲԲմž㣬꿴ɤ䵭ЩС̡
֪ѽƽһᣬ˴һ˿˿ݼ仯մž㡣
ϲ
ƺЩ࣬һͳԲȥˣЩ᲻˷ѣʵǳԵеţƸʢ䡣
ʦ֣ҳԲˣԡ
ʢһԲѾˣԲûƾܣһԿţʢӰʣµĳˡ
걡ĴԹľףƽһᣬ΢Щ˼㲻ʦּˡ
˼ƮҲƿԱߣַΪƵԱߵλãҲնʹ
֮󣬼նʹ㲻˵ˣԸģð缦
λǿ˵Ĳʶֵĸʹ
ƽѩնʹƺҲǸʹ֪ȥɽ᲻˵п
ʢľףֳһۣЩ֣ΪľͷĶˡ
ʦ֣ԸԪΪζ졣
ƽָָ֣ʢĶ䡣
Щȡʢü䵭ֶһĿо΢Щڣ΢ֱˡ
ŶƽӦһֶۡ
ûһ¥೤ʱ䣬ڶ컹Ҫ·أƽ¥ʱܾе޵󱳡
ߺ󣬼նʹô˵ΪǷŻ˵ԼӵСӾûбֲˡ
ӣô˵һԱߵһڳŴţûнӵˡ
ѩûԺֳ︡·껳ŵģģĺˣƵʶرΪˡ
ϵƺɨһۣһᣬ˼Ρ
նʹûӦǵĸʹȻʶ֣ǱҲҲֻ˽˵䡣
ǵ˰죬ؿǵĸʹ˴ӻóһͰ͵ֽȻϢЩ
࡭ѩ֣ûпҪҵˣ
ҲзĽƣӦû
ѩͻȻվ
ʹˣ

ƽڷ˴ܹ⼸ٽĽйʰ쵵ĵڿȼ
ſſһᣬԼĵģڵʵ̫ЩԼĵģСҲѾˮ
ݸ裬Ϳ˯
ʦ֣Ҫȥϴˣƽýྻϴϴʮ꣬Ǹϲˮϴ塣
ʢƺڿͼһۣ̫ԼԼȥڵƫ
軨һЩʱ䣬ʱо˶ȺģԼҪˡ
ʱЩ⣬ʢ䲻߿ͼˣڴ齱ţֻһŴ齡
ʢ份һ䡣
˿ɢ̵࣬Ĺȥˣʢ䣬ʢƽﲻ˯ѲɽҪ˯
·ͽù
ƽЩɻ󣬲ۺԼĽȥˣʦҪʲô
ʢûǰ֮סϵĽۣһεĹ˽ȥ
ڽȥ֮ڷ޵Ϣȫʧˡ
ˡʢɿ˽ۡ
ƽԣʵʦʲô
һ󷨣ʦܹǵһһʢ͡
ƽ΢΢סˣ֪֮ؽƤӿͣ
군
ߵʱŸ֤һʢ䱣־룬֪ⲻƬ̱㱧ʢ䲻Ը֡
ֱ
ı仯̫ԣʢʵ
ʦ˵ʲô
ûʲôƽſڣܸʢ޵в˵Ĺϵ㲻ôã˵ˣ˵Ĺϵ϶Ӷ񻯡
Ҫǣʢܻѹ
ʦ𿴼ҸһᷣƽЩģܿȻˡ
㷣ɣҲǻȥ֮飬˵ȹʮ£ˡ
˵һ䣬ϢЩʢҲӦң㲻صġһỤ㡣
󼸸ֺᣬɤ䵭ëһƮƮ£ͷȴġ
ƽЩģ˼֣ЩȣСҲʦְѽ
괹Щڣ΢΢ߣҲȥۡ


 72  ڻһ
ƽ, ĿЩʢ俴Ĳڣܾˡ
ʦ, ʦ󷨣ʦҲܿ
ʢ䡰šһ, ۽һӰǴȥɽ·;ңԶ¶زȥ
һ, ûа취˵
ʦûа취̤, һγ֣񲻻Ϊ˴صظϹ
ƽϴη޴ɽ, ȷʵо, һ̤ɫԵĲ԰ף嶼΢͸ˡ
ԭΪԼĴ, ڿǴ
ʦֶ֪ƽֹ, ǻȥˡ
ûа취ǵ鷳ȥ˿ʢ䲻ù
֪ΪҪȥɽʢɤ䵭, ̧
ƽҡҡͷ, ֪ϲʢ̬, ʢԸͣĺ, ԼľҲԭ
ԷԴ
Щ, ʱ˵ҹѦ, ﶼʢᲢۣҲԶȲʢ䡣
͵͵룬û֨ʵʦΪҪȥɽ
ƽΪʢʢֻԿǣ࣬պٸ㡣
ƽ
ʦѧˣȻڵ
ƽЩˣθڣһʢӣʦ֣㷽ŲҪңл˵һġ
ңֲ߱ˡ
ʢ΢ҡҡͷ䵭Щδ֮¡
δ֮£ǻûдﵽ
ƽЩ⣬ʾ֭Ҳ벻ʢ뵽ﵽʲôĿ꣬ͬ˵ʢﵽĳɾѾܸˡ
ʦֲңҲ֪ƽȥ˴棬ﻹĥһʢ䣬ʢҪڴ齱ߴ
ܿʢ󴦵ĺߣԼһᣬʱʢ˵Ļ֮ǰõĽķ
ʱ̫⿪Щ΢У߰ʢһûкߣܾġ
ϰʢܹȺҵû˻ҲˣҲץסʢ䡣
ƽҷʡԼƺ˽ġ
齱ͣްָŵɨһۣǹڽĵĵ伮
ƽôʱʢ·Ҳʵʦ֣Ϊϲͽ֮Ľշ
齱ߵԲ䵭΢Ĭһᣬ֪
ʳˣʢ䲻ڵɣͷʦҲ˵𡣡
ôʢô࣬һԸ
ʢ䡰šһ΢΢ģָ΢˶ٵպٸ㡣
պǶѽҲǣҲǣҲǣҲǡ
ʢû
ԭʵֱӡ
˵סĶ٣ϲͽ֮ķԼϲĶߵĻᡣ
ƽԼһᣬˣǵڶʢθˣ㲻ƽ
룬Լ飬ʢ伸֪ƽʢһһʮĸʢ䡣
ƽʲôʦ˵ʦȴԸ˵ƽһ䣬ȥʢڣָʢ
ʢ伮رҴҴǣЩ˯ջҪ·
˵겻ˣǶȥʢּһ䣬߸ġ
ƽʵЩʵʦҪ
ꡰšһ˯ţһͬ
ƽŲҪʢ䣬ʢעڵ伮ϣϣʢעע
ߴOO@@Ķʢ˼꣬һֱʵĶȥûһͣ½Ǳסˡ
ʦ֣Ҫԡ
ƽе㲻˼˵ڣʢ䣬ʣµļû˵
ǡƽʢĿ⣬˲ǶûŪס
Ҫԡ
ƽ˵֪꣬ǲǴܾʢĿЩ΢ϣ伮ˡ
档
ƽԥԥʢĿ⣬ܾĪ뷴ڣǻѾ˵ȥˡ
ԱԡҲûбˣҲá
˵ʢѵ伮ˣ󴦵ĺ˿˿Ƶزϣҡ
ƽԣڴ齱ߵţûһᣬʢֻˣָһɫĳС
ʦ֣ʲô
߲㣬۾ģĸ֪ס۾ȽϺʡ
ƽһʢ䣬굽ǰ΢и۾Щŵ÷㣬ʵʦֵķ
Ӧһ۾ס֮ĸйٸָƤĦϸ΢ĴС
֮ʢջ֣߱ڣƽʲôǰһƬڰڹ⣬ԵĶ
о󴦵ĺ߲˲˿˿ƵزƣպƺҲ
ڻϣ֪һʲô壿
ƽЩûаȫУָʢһ½ǣ΢Щקʢ½ǡ
Ҳ֪ʦ֪еĺ壿
ֻǲ²⡣һʢ˵ģƺǼ鷢ûϵãϢߣоЩӦ
оеȣʢ½ǣŶһԹԵûҶ
ʦִôԣҪɡ
뱻
ȻĶ䱻ʢ
ƽ΢΢۾У棬עԼϣܿоϵĺ˳ϣǲĲϣشţȻ򢡢Ĵǣա
ЩʶҪȥץȻ˸գߣֻʢ
ԭʲôֱ˳½ſĿڵλãʲôƽ˲
ʦ֡ʲô
ɿʢ䣬ûˣˣҲûлشܹܵ䵭ĿϣЩӡ
ʦ֡
ƽĪЩ£һЩĸов̫õԤðǺĿڵλʱоڤڤʲôʧ
ʦ֣Һ¡
ƽЩĻţԼԵûˣʶҪǰһֱûʢشӽ
Ŀڣоʲôε˿˿Ʋһ
оһԼﴫһʹɫЩһ䡰ָۡⰴڴ΢
ʦ֣ۡ
ʶǰŲЩ֪ǰǴߣڿտҪˤȥһ̣ײůĻʢס
ߣû뿪ʢ䷢ɫЩһĶͷðһ亹
ۣʡ
ƽָָԼĿڵλãܸоտյܣʢ仳Ҳ˵ĸоڣеֻţקʢ½ǡ
ܣʦ֡ۡ
ʢѾ˺ߣû뵽ˣ㣬Щ
Ҳãδȫʢָ΢ɤ˼֣żֲ֪룬ʵۣ
ƽģôҲʢŻһ㣬ָ߬һʢ½ǣɤһЩ
ﶼۣҷźʦ֣ʦΪβҡ
ʳоյĸˣҲŵ֪Լô¡
ʢ仳ҲûаȫУеҪʢʲôܹģǶܡ
иܵʢߡҪʢڻһ

*
лҪ˵
ѩƽôʶ֣ѡɡࡱȻмġơΪʣࡣ


 73  ҪǵҪ
ʢ˻Ĳ, ָ⿪סĳУ¶˫΢ʪ
ûв㡣
֪ΰο꣬һֱڳ, ָ΢괹ķ˿
Ѿû, ѾջˡʢЩӲ֪ΰοꡣ
һίĲеģС, ק½ǲɿ
ʢоԼķ·𱻴, ԴĲ֪ʲôˡ
Դܻϲ, żղ, ĵԵĲͬ
󴦵ĺߣΪӰ, , ƺûаȫС
ƽˣľͷֻظǼ, һԿ, һ䣬ż, ʲôˡ
ջȥҲۣƽɤ, Ϊʦ, ʦҪҸ𡣡
ʢ䴽΢ֱ, һ취ûС
Ҫô
䵭ɤݡ
˻ʳģƽûкͱദС˶飬ŻʳԼ취
ô֪ƽʢ䣬ʢ仳ûôˣôţʢҲûа취ٿ伮
˯ˡ
ƽÿ춼һֱտյģԸ뿪ʢ䣬ʢһЩĿյ·ܹЩ
ԭǰצһʢ䣬ʢ䲻ôԶЩ
ҽ㣬ߡʢ˵ճĽԼƲס
Ҳ֪ԽýԽճһ㣬ƽȥʢָ⣬Դ䵽ʢļ
ݵˣôһϢڣƽо΢һ㡣
ʦַŻ˵ʲôҡƽȥʢ䣬ĿʢĴϣɫķ˿ɢ࣬䵭Щ̡
ƽƤΪʢǱνʢ䣬ʢ
㲻ҴһԶһ㡣ƽСһ䣬ָɿʢ䣬Щᡣ
㣬ʢ̿˿ڣ˫ӳݣԼƽϣƫƫ겻֪ǳò
֪֪׽
ˣ㣬ֻἤصĿϲûܵס
ƽȻ֪ˣС˵ҵȻ֪ʦֺ˲һϲʦ֡
Ǿ䡰ϲʦ֡βָ⻹ק½ǣרעĿ
ʢЩʵϲԼɷֵ
ҪǵҪ
ҪС˶Ҫ
ɤ䵭һһ׷ʡ
ƽסˣ֪ʢ˵رģ˵ԼʢϲŮ֮ϲܲһ㡣
ЩĹ˼ɣܵʢӰ죬ĳŵŵ
Ȳ˵Ǵ飬֮ܣз޵ľ棬ԼԻ֮ûüŪס
иʲô⣬ʢôأ
й˼ɣȴ̲ס̲סϲľͷ
ľͷҪǵҪС˶Ҫأ
ʦΪηҪǱȣĺС˶޹ѽƽĻشֲ£ֲóʢѣֻ˵
ôشˣϢЩ΢䵭˵˼ǱҪ
ƽ
ûǸ˼ƽʢ۵ף͵ǵȻܺʦֱȡ
ʦҪ
һţ˳ڻһ䣬קŵָ΢СʢĶ䣬ʢ䶼ڷȡ
ƽǰĵرʢ䣬ϱܹʢĴǣ·ܵ˹ƻҪȥһڡ
ʱסԼͷٺ˼룬Щûʣʦ֣ΪλĿڻۡ
ʦֻ᲻Ҳۡ
ʢ˼ϣҶ䵽彩ӲԻʱĸܡ
ûۣǸܵ˰ٷְٵƿ˶ǰָо
Ҫꡢ과ֻһˣеͷ·һȫӿֳ
ǿ޴룬ĴѰ֮Щȫʧˡ
ۣʢشĬһϵĻǻԱ˴˸档
ڿûô򵥣˺һ
Ժô죬ƽ˸Ƿо⣬ʶʢ仳䣬ĵط
ʢ䲢ûԼ뷨Լʵ飬ܰٷְȷ곢ԡ
ţϲ䣬Ϣȫϣָק½ǣղ䵽°͡
ƽʢֱӺָ֣΢΢ӲҪֱӳȴֵ᲻ˡ
ƽ䵭Щˣ֪ʢ亰ǸʲôϵĶ˶ôһоʲô
ԴԺģЩûӦƤ´ĴУ˲ӡ
ƽЩϺЩԣʦ֣㡭
ͻȻЩƽû䣬˱΢ƿˡ
̧ʢ۵ףʢ΢΢ۣԶһЩ
ƽ缦˵ʲôˣĪľΣգϴʢ˵仰ڵ׼޷֮
ĪЩ飬΢Ųһ㣬һʢɫ͵͵سһۣЩ档
ʲôûг򵽣ٴӱʱúʢߡʢ۵ζоëëģʦЩ¡
ƽһ˵һԼıʢԶһЩС˵ʦ֣Ҳǹġ
ǾܣԼͺˣҲ߱˵ġ
ƽԼһϹ⣬ʢҲԸ⡣
һû͵͵ؿһֱۣ΢һЩƤɿŤȥ
Ȼܰѱӳǵԭʢܡ
ƽ𺳵ˣһûлع˵ʲôͻȻһֻ֡
ָסĴݣȵϢ䵭ͳɤߡ
ٽ
ƽ˽סˣǲ壬ʢҲͬ΢һ㡭
˵ʢġ
ûٽ˳ʢ˼һûзʢжЩʢ̡
ţۿһǽڣûһˣúЩʢָ𽥵˯˹ȥ
ƽΰѾԼϴʹΪԼֱˣ˳ȥʲôҲû
֪Ϊʢ俿ſƵҧһĶ⣬Ҫ±ǡ
׾СɣһǳǳӡоԼԼĶ䣬ȻԼı˯ȥˡ
ԱΧȫ̵ַȭͷӲ.ˡ
ƽ˸ΣһһģһԷθߴ󣬿ףоҲˡ
֪Լֱ飬Է壬ɢŲõϢšĶ仺˿ڡ
ϴô˵ģٸЩַɤԼռ˱˶֪
һΪֱӰʢӳȥǿСռСĵıˡ

*
лҪ˵
ַ⣺˭ռתıˣȴ˵


 74  
ƽֱš, ЩĪģԼĶ䣬˺ü, 㡭ϴҴ
ۣһģһ, ЩɻΪΣ
Ѳԭ
ʱԭѾû˰
ƽʵ˭
˭㻹صӳ, һģһ, ȫͬ
㣬Ҳҡ
ûұû㣬ûҲûҡ
ƽе, Ҫ, ܿӦץסص㣬ԡϴ㾾Ҷ䡣
˵.ˡ
, ַ⿴һģһ, ۽΢΢ż, ָ򢡣
ѵʱ䲻, ˣȥɽˮ, 㡣
ַ΢΢ۣ˯һǧ, ֻʣһֻ, , ʱɢ
ڵʱҲͬȻ֪ΰתٹģǺײ³ӦʲôֶΡ
ɽ껹ġ
ַ˫ۣȥɽȡõһ뿪⣬ɡ
ƽͷԣǰˮǷĽʲôڵõɽĵһ
ֻһԼҪõһ̱ɥˣС˵ʲôѽҵȻòһ
õһͲ
ģЩ͵͵һۣЩЩ档
ַ⣺
˵ĳ嶯Լķģԭ򣬵ȷʵû̫Ĺϵ
òһ͵ű޹ַЦ˼֣΢΢ʹЩɸ֡
ǲǻ֪˳ȥᣬƫƫ˳⣬ȵȥͻҹҹ.衣
ֹˣҩĺʦ֣Ӵ۶Ҳǵκ¡
ƽĻǸоۣЩţӵ⼸仰Ժ죬оЩС
˵ʲôʦˡ
ʶطȴЩˣ֪ط
ֹޣЩèèʦ֣Ժٸǣַɤ䲻㡣
ƽ
Щèèַ֪˵Ķ˭
ƽֻʢ䣬ץصץǱһԭЩ£ʱС˵䲻ʦֲŶԡ
ʦﶼá
ǰ΢ЩͲðۺˣЩӣһԼʦ֣Ե̬Ⱦͱ˲١
ַ˼֣ʦַŻ͵͵ռˣ˯ҧ䡣
˵㾾ңʦϣƽһ䣬ֲǱǰ˾ǹ߷ˣʦֿš
ַ⣺
ƽ͵͵ؾᣬʢҧһڣ㲻͵
ǵ˵ĻַԼȥˣͬ˵ŵĸ졣
ʲô³ԼҪš
ʱҲû취㡣
ӵǰʧϵƽƤ˲ûѡ
ƽϡͿΣû֣ڶǱʢѵġ
Ҫ·ƽЩ£ʢʢָգջ֡
ʦ֣
ƽǰһΣǵãЩ㱣һԼ֪ǲǶ˵Щ
ˮɽĵһзޡ
оԴЩң֪ӦӦʢ˵˵ʢҧˣֻҪ֤ʵˣôӵĻͿš
ƽһ۴齱ߵ֪꣬ʢҲĶԹԵ˴齣ͭߡ
Ȼ΢΢ԼϹһǳǳӡ
վӵʱ곯Ŀ΢΢ϣ΢ס
ʢ͵͵ҧˣ
ƽЩӣһ𾪣˵ģ᲻ҲģһߣʢȻ͵͵ҧʵû뵽
װûзֵתŴ齱ߵʢ䣬װʵʦ֣Ϻ˾Ҷ䣬˯ǰоЩۡ
ʢʰԶԶ٣ʵʱ۵ģ
Ҳǵʱƽ۲ʢı飬ľͷ䵭һӷ·𲢲֪顣
ͦװ
ߵʢǰʢʦ֣ҿ
ʢĿϣһ֮ջߣڻ۲ۡ
ڲˡ
ΣεһҳһģһӣңΪҧҶ䣬ԲŻʹ
ʢ΢˶˵ﰲЩŹ֡
ôţĪЩڣʢߣСǲʦ͵͵ҧˡ
ʢ䣺
⣬ƽûеõ𰸡ʰ죬ľͷʺˣʢʰ˶һ¥ȥ
ʢЩЦڱʢ䱻סĶ䣬ǰȥʢڡ
ʦ֣Щôż
컹ûƽ¥ʱע⵽ջصնʹ˳ſһۣǰһΪƵӡ
նʹƺҲҪУͬĳͼƣǴźɫñۣһŸݣһǵķ
նʹСų꣬ǰһϴ˵һԵ
һ
濴̫Ǹ
ϵնʹ˽˵ÿǼҴˣǸʹǿδ֮¡
һǰһǰǸñסֻαܿʲʵҲС
ǸҲǸʹˡ˵ԵòľǺͿòЩѣƺǰ洩Ŷñ۵䵭ꡣ
ǲǴߣ곯䵭Ǳ߶˶㣬Щ
ƽע⵽ˣЩնʹڴǣʢǱ߿ЩСʵʦ֣ǲڶǡ
ţʢ֪ǳ۽ɨȥǰҡ
áƽӦһȥǰֿһۣǰһΪƵӿķɴŶñۿǿαϵĳ
Īһв̫õԤУƿ
ʢתŲԶնʹµͼĹ⣬˶ûж
ضţаʢüĮָŽʣܹоĵ⡣
ԼԼܹԷΪԲ͡
£ϵŲݵնʹ˸Ƿ˽֣ڵӣǲǵʱˡ
ڲţһУһЩ鷳
һѩջߣ漴ƵǰʻնʹʹƥܿתǴʧ
ʢ俴նʹʧѡ˸෴ǵķ
ǳһˣСӷͦǿ׼ȥɽɣ˳·
ŲݵնʹջߣָƿʵӣҪҪ

*
лҪ˵
ʢ䣺˶վ֮ŵcpԼҲվǲվҡ




 75  ʦˣô족
ҡҡλ, ǧǳֹƽʢҪȥʵ, ʦ֣Ϊθǣ
ʢͻȻȥ, ź棬˴ȻֺһųͼƵϳնʹҲЩ졣
ɲǷڿջġ
ߵ෴ķ, Ǹ, ֪ʲôĿġ
ƽ͵͵ƿһۣնʹǲԶյĸոպ, Щ, һֱƨɺ棬취˦ˣûһԷ׷ˡ
ڹⶺء
˳ſȥ, նʹǸݻû³, Ŀ⣬ԶԶسü
ƽ
ĬĬְѳˡ
֪, ʢ䲢ǵԭ, Ƕһ²һ¡
ƽʢȥˣΪʢĿ, ֻ򵥵һ·϶δ
, ʢķĺܸ, ˵, Դ˵ȽϵͣԼ鲻ˡ
ڿܱˣʢǰ棬ָƥһץȡ
ں泶ʢۣ˵˸áȻǡءһǵǰ۳һ˼Ļȡ
ƽֱˣЩֱӵץʢ½ǲűˤȥ˻ǲܿƵ»
ɫñ¶ʢ׵ķ˿˿ƽһ䡰ʦ֡ȻְֻʢûԵ
صأһӭڸŻζ˲㱻˦ȥ˽קʢ䣬紵Щҡ
ٶȿֹƽ˺ü磬һۣܿ쿴Ƶˡ
ʦ֣˦𡣡ƽſʢ䱳ǴӺ汧ʢģǼʢĶ䣬˼֡
֪ʢ俴۵ͼ㱧ճˣ׵ָ䣬ҪʱܵȽȥ
ұʦһҲ䣬ƽקʢ½ǣ˵ײǽǱʦְȫһЩ
紵ȷʵЩ䣬ƽʢƤʢϺůͣС¯ȫ෴
ʦ֣εһҳһģһˣûƭ㣬˵໰
ߵСûʲôˣԶŵ֣ż·ׯưܵһǣʱ䳤
˵ʲôˡ
ʢţ˵ʱϢߣԳֻڽճֹҲֹ
ǰҲֹҴ˵ҹ.ˡ
ƽ˳״ʢСʦ֣᲻֮ģ֪ʦ𣬻֪߷¡
ʦ𣿡ʢ΢ͣ٣˵ġ
ƽ˵ȥһѽǰѽڵңɽĵһ˵ʧȥ˻ᣬȥ֮ʦҹ
ʢûĬһպҪٸˡ
ƽƶǶӦһʦ֪ʲô𣿡
Ԥԡ
йȥڣδȥǰ㣬δת
ʢ䣺ǰ伮мأһεһ֮أȥ֮ӵԵξе·߹ȥҵʥ֮˳ķλд֮С
ָʾǺ£һ֣Ϊȣ˲ɾĶ
ʢ䲢ûϸоаϢۻ֮ȻûваΪѾܲ¶κĵز
Σ˵²Զȥһˡ
ʵֻһΣƽû뵽ʢ˵ĻôȦʢ䣬СҾ˵Ļҡ
˵ɽĵһôס
ڷⶼòһɽǼ˸صŵӣֱȵ컹Ѱ
ʦŬŬøһȥǿƽڵһûӮʦ֡
ǵԭ飬ʢȵ˵һһŵ۷Բλ࣬ԵĹ⻷
ʢ䲢ûĻָ΢˶ͻȻʵ벻뿪⡣
뿪ȥƽԼҵһģȺģʢϸģظʦڷ⣬Ҳ뿪
Ҳء
ʦҪȥƽԼڳһֻ֣һ׽մŸָʢ·ϡ
ˣô죬ƽˣʦҪҲ𡣡
ʶûʲôвƫƫжݣʢһû˵
ԭοڣ۽ɨʲôǰʹˣмϡ
ƽ˳֣ҪٲȥָⱻסˣʢϢЩĬƬ̵Ҳ䡣
ջ֣֪ʢЩ񱣬ʢۣŶ
˸·ڣͰնʹ˦ˣʢɲģѡ˶һ·ȥһǡ
ʱǵ˵طûнǣҹѾˣֹͨС
һڳ͵ġ
ʢ˻ڽ˺ö㵾ݣһۣϢ
ʢֵۣĻ⣬ʢҪΪҹĵ˯˹ȥ
˯ǰһۣʢƺҲЩۣ΢΢ǽڣӳձߣ۽΢š
㿴һᣬʢƺ˯ˣֻܰʣǺ
ƽһ͵͵Ųһ㣬ʢԱߣչȥ˿ʢ˯ŵһ
Ŀʢϣǰһʢҧ䣬Ҳԡ
ֻʢҧ
ЩᣬܿһᣬӺĥĥ΢΢ǿʢձߡ
ǿ£꣬׼ʲôַ⣺
ʢĶ⣬ûҧأƽоԼһʹϤĸоӿš˶䡣
ۡʶغۣšŶ󳶣Ҫʹˣʶر㱧סǰʢ䡣
ճʢ䣬ʶر״ʦ֣˾Ҷ䡣
ôһʢۣײճ鿴ȥίԸ֡
ʢָŽʱԵ§꣬ѾʣĿŰַӡ
ʦ֡
ַ⵹Щ⣬ǿĸ֪ŷ껳޲ȥģϴЦ
˿ڡ
ƽҪΪԼǻˣ仹أȥ
ʦ֣вҹȥ
ʢԷϢҲ˿оʲôڣŻĶ⣬˾ˡ
΢˶٣뵽ʲôָⲼһ磬𿪣ΣӦǻ壬Ըǡ
ıַ⣺
ƽԲ΢΢̧ͷһۣʲôûпܲܿԷȫǿԷ⡣
ԷܿͿ
粼ڲԶһᣬûеȵ΢չȥһ㣬Ҳûپ䡣
ƽŶһȷԷǱˣԷġ
תȥԼʢ䣬Ϊţ˻ȥ˵ЩΡ
ƽϺҲ𵭷ۣʢЩ֪롣
ַٴκ


 76  δޣ
ƽϡܹоƺбĿ, ವģҺн磬Է 
Ų, ֲԸſʢ䣬ָʢ, ʵʦܿ𣿡
ʢҡҡͷڰյĳɨһȥ
Ȼ, лһ˪ѩĽ, ˰߸ĹءһʲôûС
·𰲾һ, ƽоԷϢ, ɿʢ䣬ס绯һɫĹ⻷Ȧϡ
ʢ䣺н绤, ܽ
ƽԼ󴦵İ׻, ɵؾʢ½ǣЩ
֪ʶ, ΢ԱŲЩ, 뿪ʢĻ
ʢջߣǺʱֵģ
ڷ, ƽƺҪҧʢʱ, ϴγ˯֮
, Щ顣
šʲô
ڿʦ, ƽ̫˵֪Ҫʢ˵ʵʦֺܽΪҪʦʲô
˵ʲô
ƽû˵ʲôֻǾҶ䣬֮ҹȥ
ʢü΢΢ţһǳǳӰ
ֻǾ䣬ûģ
ƽҡҡͷûС
⴫У긲űָĶ䣬Ħ棬оЩȡ
ɫŨīԾƽŶ䣬ܸܵʢЩƣʢļ˯˹ȥ
ڶ첻·ˣƽòУϻ˯ؽˮ
紵ƽԶĳţһ޴Ľͭͭ˻նʹ
ǰʻڳŴͣ潣ײһ
նʹв̽ʾơ
ƽƿһ΢Ϥ
նʹ³ۣгµĻƣǰˡǰһҪܿնʹ
ǰһջſڵŲݵǸ
նʹְλܸߣڳţƽܾöԷǹģרأ
ݵնʹԽԽû뵽ǰһ˸Ϊʱ䲻棬û뵽ּˡ
￿£ҲǱŽ¹ġ
ԽЩˣû׷ˣԵĲôá
ԵţԽһնʹļȥԼˡ
ʢ΢šüһԶʵɽ壬һڹâ 
նʹǰ·Եı֮ǰĳࡣ
ƽЩģԽ뿪ķ򣬵ʢ䣬ʦ֣ϵ𣿡
˵ǻ·£൱΢ԶһЩնʹҲȥɽӦҲ
ֿܣһҪһˣڶֿܣƽԶģĽΪг¡
ʢһָ⣬ܵʢָ⴫ȶȣġ
ߴŲƽ˳ſȥһϤӰΪƵӣ
ûдñۣ¶գƫʷĳ࣬˫۳ͬīһϸϸİ̺ۣ̺Ϊ沿һĨҰԡ
Ƿĳ࣬пʱȴֺºͣһͷצޡ
ƽĸоԽһЩƽûǸʹģʶºЩһֻοĹȸ
ƽۣ֪ǲǴܾöԷֵֹġ
ЩĪʢϢЩֱ˪ݣһĨѹֵ
նʹԶĵĵطͣ£ѩֻʣԻò꣬ûǰ氭۵ʢ䣬վǰ
ѩ촽΢䶯ɤЩȷࣿ
ôһ京ĵհһ˲
ԽƤӷļնʹľЩһѾ

ƽЩȷǲڽôһƺ̱ĪЩֲࡣ
ԣǶģں
ϴ˰ɡ
ƽʢԣϢ˼֣ʢЩʢʢһӡ
ʦ֡
ѩԭվţ겢ûлӦػһ꣬ɤģһûˡ
ŰעʢϣǰĸòòЩͷ˵ʣһѴĺУĸо΢ϲ
οະʦ֣꿴̤ԼطΧ.ߣ䵭űĵ⡣
ʢ˻ԼʣѹһƬīɫŨһƬֻжʱŻԼϢ
ࡣʢؿ˿ڡ
ѩڲ˵Щľ˵Ҳ⣬˴һܣʦһ٣˵˾͹ˡ
ǰһտƣѩٴƽϣִӻóһͰ͵ֽɤͳȣδ޵ֺ֣û
ڴѩµһ̣˵߶Ͱ͵ֽ
ֽϵЩģ壬ܹϳΣдˡƽ֣ŵڣĩβİ֡
еռٴ͡
ԽҪض˶ˣǵϴβŸʹ˵ǸҸʹľͷӣʱ˵סˣϴˡ
ǵ˼ҵ档
ʢȴץסص㣬б䣬δޣ
ƽЩħãȷʵֲδޡں˵˵ʲô
ֻһ棬δһ˵
ҡǲǰϴˡ
ʢƺˣ̽ԴԴѩǲϴˡҵҺʦлԼδͱ¡
ʦлԼֳһ˴ѩϣѩָֽ΢΢š
ԽǲӦùϲӻ»ûɾ͸洵ˡ
ģ˼ǿĻԼᲢۡ
ѩĬһǲʡ
ۼŶĮӱ䣬Խһڵξ棬ڵӣǻȼǵơ
⼸ϢʥһʥݱŴҪϸŲ顣
ƽ䶯˶ϤĳƺţʥɲǾҹߣ
ôͺˣЩ㱣ɲǣѾ¹ȥˡ
ѩѣȻǷϣǵƣ־նʹĲŲ飬ŷС
̤ţٴδһࡱ
ƽԷôо΢ʣͣŲһԵ䵭꣬ѹϢˡ
תѩǰǰվҪȥ¡
ƽû˵ǣصʦҪ
ԵƽίҪٸˡ
˵꣬Ҳȥѩı飬תߣȥ׷ǰʢ䡣
ʢڵ
׵ķ˿뱻ס΢ţָų䵭ɢŶ̧
ɤЩ΢ζ
ࣿ
֣ͬ˺ƽʲô󻻳ʢ䣬ͳɤߣ֮͸ˡ



 77  С
ʦΪҪѧƽ, ΢˼мֲˡ
ʢ俿п, ֮ǰ
δ, ƽͷһۣӲû׷ԭվţϡܹоߡ
ʢ䴽΢, һμ, ˵ڶδ
⻰Щ΢ƽ·ζʢƺԴѩкǿĵ⡣
ƽ΢΢ʢ, Сؿʢɫ, ЩʢȻѾˡ
ǵһμ棬˵Ե, Ǹˡ
ƽֻʦл, δǣ
ţ˼ʢΪ, ֮ǰھҹߺѦ, Ҳûʢ㡣
˵ҹߺѦǷ, ȴնʹ
նʹնʹƽͻȻ뵽ʲô, ԭд, ƱѩҲնʹĸʹ, ԭз˵ʢ¡
ƽЩ㱣ɡпܣӦǡŵӿܾǴѩ
Ժһ飬ܿ׿˼ʱԸȥˣԭѾȫֵҰһȥ
ʢδƽʢָ⣬סˣʦ֣ǲǻҪȥ£Ҫڹȥ
㲻Ҫǵһμ棬δйǣ
ƽ֮ǰ˵ʢ䲻ˣʢ䣬ҲЩɰͰ͵ģЩš
ǲǴѩԺһҪԶЩȻʢ
ĬĬؼʢָ⣬Щֺõζ
ʦ֣ңҪ˵
ŵָ΢˶²Ϊ
Ҫͬǣ
֪ˣƽ˳flagҲͬǣʦһδ͹ˡ
ʢѾˣĳԲ
һۣûлӦĻ
˵ڳУȴУ˳Ϊǣںɽϣļײѩǽ֮ݱģϵɽļ紺
ԽϣԽСԶԶĿȥɫĵѩռ˽֮һмɫգһĨɫԼн⸡֣ıǽ¡
ȥףĴȴſȸҪĵҪһѹء
ѩɽר£ƽʢȥʢΪһãǺɫģн˿űϲ
ˣ˿ɢ࣬˿ĽޣƽԼھǰգȻյʢǰ
ʦ֣ô
ʱܻڣɫĵü۸ޣվ¶ˣǳǳӳߴЩЦ⡣
ģҪʧɫ֡
ʢķ˿Ϊÿ
ôһˣοǿںɽµģǶ˼۸ƽЩʢӶóҵƺˡ
ʵϲԼҲǮ𣬵ǲʦָ
ƽקʢ½ǣȳȥ˲СʣʦǲѾû
Щģʢôƺܳ
ʢ鶯šһ·϶סõĴõõĵģӻĺܿ졣
һкܶ࣬ƽЩĶǷ޵Ǯߵʱ޸ʯȫꡣ
Ǹʢ˵Ƿ޸ģʢ϶ԸҪ
ʦֿԻҵġƽ͵͵ô˵˽ģʣʯʢ䡣
ʢɤ䵭ء
ȥǳأǿԻӡ
ƽŶ
ǵɽˣɽѩҪһܵգǧǳﲻǰ˵ܵ
ƽСձܲˣʢǣߡ紵ǵӹ棬̴̵ۣϢɬ䣬о鶼Ҫˡ
߲ˣһʢ䱳ߵġ
ſʢıϣƫݣȴȣδѥѩɽ
ƽļһʢ䣬ñ鶼ˣԸ֣ʢϡ
֪ʢ᲻ˣ̵ϴʦ֣䣬ˡ
ûвֻ࣬һ¡
ʢŲ΢ס
ʲôʱܵƽſʢ䱳ϣϲλãܹʢ޳Ĳָ΢ǰʢ΢΢͹ĺᡣ
ʢ䣺һᡣ
һǶãʦ۲ۣƽͰȰȸͣʦ֣߻᲻ޣҷſѩнӡģǻ᲻ޡʦַ˵׬Ǯ޵Ƕܻ𣬻ֻضޡضһѽ
֮ǰܵ𣬻᲻ᵽˣǲҪѩ˯ߺ䡣
ƽ˵ţʶıʢ䣬ſʢߵѩҪʦ˯
ʢ䣺
˵ô࣬ľͷһ仰ûлظƽʢ䣬ʦΪβҡ
ʢȻĸ⣬ԵһȽҪ˶٣֪ӦȻһ
ľͷŻ˼⣬ƽЩЦڵرʢ䣬˳Ų˲䣬ǾһĻأʦǲǱ
ôһʹʢ΢ȣɤЩӲҪҶ
ƽʵˣǰ߹ѩأǹ䣬ѩģƽſʢ䱳˯ˡ
һ·ţƽʱˣߵﾰԶԶȥһ糺ķֽߡ
ΧǷ·䲻֦ͩҶҪڰ·Ϣһƽʢܿ˲Ծ
ǱһֱѩʲôкۼҲˣȴܺ׿Ũδ͸Ѫڿݲϣһֽɡ
ƽʦ֣ô£
Ѫȥ£ܾγɵģ಻졣
ǰδס󣬽Ų̤ڿݲϣ֦۶ϵ
ͻȻ֮䣬·𰲾ƽ۽ɨʲôһĨ΢۵졣
һ״˵ĶǲȻˣȴֲˡƤ࣬һ岻ĻŤվš
ֻͫ׺ڶû۰ףֻ͹飬ȥҡҡ׹ϵĴųָĳȣʱָմѪѪһµ䡣
ƽ΢סûзӦʱ򣬱㱻ʢƿˡһεسſһѩ׵Ľ⡣
ءһѹƽоΧľ·ڸ𶯣޾ѹѩ׵Ľλε£֮ķѣԱն䡣
ƽˣż£֪ʢʲôʱôˡſ˽ӰýӰ˵Ϊٵ˵ϡ
ɷΪ쾳ھ쾳ָֻзޣԼոھرԵľҹߡ
ͬһ쾳壬ȴǧ֮ǰƣﵽھ쾳ģзڡģֻ֪Щ
һӣͨΪڵڶصأܵصıѾеˣû뵽ʢѾ˵ء
ƽԼĵڶΪ˳˼
*
С
һλɮ˵£ɮ˲ѪӿֱʧȥɮҲδǹϣü۵ʹűϧ
ʥδҵ
һź֣ҹɫ΢԰ףѩϵħԡϸü΢ɤºͣ˾ĲдңҪŹκν䡣
ʬȫȥǵʬױãʱ͸š
ҹɤżζǰùһˣֱϡ
ºӦһǡȴû뿪ǵһ£ɽµĽ綯ˣ߹
ҹδǰһˮӰֳ
˳ſȥɲ֮ǰǵĴСˡټߴӹڸĻϡ

*
лҪ˵
ҹߣֵҳ


 78  ѽǰ
Ѫ콦, βﻯɺڰɢƽߵĽ糷ˣСȥʢߡ
ʢָմЩѪ, ĨѪ굽, ۾ģЩĽ
ʦֺŵĿǾŽޣ
ʢҡҡͷȵ, Щ, ظǣǺɽϵɽ, ǾŽޡ
Ž޳ú, һȻ䶯 
ο, ǾŽ, ĿǰΪȫԸˡ
ƽԭԼ, С, Ҳʦ⼸ΪģҼǵϴγȥ, ʦֻδܻӰ
ʢ䡰šһָѪȥ, Դ, ɤܵ, ĺԶ
ɢƽûʦֺ棬ʵΪʢ俪ġ
ʢԺʢߵҲֻƽƽ档
ţĪģǰҲ֪ʢǺ޹أȴͬˡ
ƽ˼һ·ϣﾰľǴ
ɽϿһ֦ʢ׷£ڳ
ûޣƽʢԶԶĿ˷Žָָʵʦ֣ǲǾǽ¡
ʢ΢΢ͷĿ󴦵İ׻ϣüһӰ
ǰʦҲ涼޷ɮˣΪνƫƧĵط
ʢĵΪ𣬡´ʷԶܹԭһֱֱǧǰںɽۣ֮û֪ΪΡ
ɮ˶޷ҲĴУǲʸɮǴȥȥ
ʦʲô֪ƽвʣҲǹֵģ˼ϵĲ
ʲʣʲôʣƽЩֵ֣ͦ˼
ʢ֣һƽһ䣬úҲͦġ
һ·ߵʯݣʯݺܳЩѺۣЩ̦ʯȥܹһһԶյ
ƽ̧ͷȥ¾ʯݾͷէһһֵĺ
ſڣ޴ҶĴ֣ſصɮˣԶ֮С
λʩҪȥʥɮ
ƽһ˵Ӱһɮ˲֪ʲôʱ
ɮָתŷ飬˾䡰ӷ𡱣ޱϲǶ˵ʥɮѹλʱ
ƽʶı㿴ʢ䣬Īе㷢ǻˣ
͡
ʢٴɨһſڵķָŽʣŲ΢٣µĸɮ
ɮ˴֣Ҷ쪵ĻζƽЩŹ֣طƺͦаһ·ûô˵ʢǱ΢һ㡣
ǰɮ·ûǵ־ͷһˮͤһɫɮ۵ɮ
ط֮·ɮ˱ʧˣˮͤеɮ˫ֺʮһ䡰ӷ𡱣˫ۿǣǺ쳾ǧ
λʩǰ·ѽǰ
ʱҲҲ
ɮһ̾Ϣǰǰ˫ۡ
ƽ˵ëëģȻûʲô˼һ˹Ԥ֮еĲ̫һʢָ⡣
ʦ֡˵ʲô˼
ʢסʢǣɮ˵ķнгЩ
ƽҲѧʢĶ֮»Ҷ֮ƮεĽڴ˵سſʢǣɮǰ
ָ̽̽ɮˣѾûϢ
Ѿһ²ֹʢջ֣˵Σ˾
δ䣬ΧɮˣһʥɮʢΧɮȫýȶ׼ǡ
ͭײһ𷢳죬Ƕ˱ΧΪ׵ɮĿǣʥɮλ֮ǰҺúõģ񲻹ָ䷢ʣδ֮ǰλʩʱڽ¡
ƽվδܾƺõģôôɣʣʸ˵仰˾͹ȥˡ
ʥɮǹģοʦַŲ̽ʥɮѾһ࣬ǳϹϵ
Ϊ׵ɮ˵ʥɮϰ֮ȴһֱڣڷţʥɮĽˡ
ζŻڷˡ
ƽ΢Ҳԣǵһ˵ɣȻڣ⵽Żأ
λһˡ
ӣʵ֣ǹԮ֪ҪͬȺкĶãǿɻҪȥɽء
ƽȥһߵʢ䣬ʢ仹ڶŲʵʬ忴˼
ʦ֣Ҫһ𣿡
ʢŻعָսغ£²ǣϡ
仰˼ֱףʢӼʬһ̣Ѿ׼
˱ֱȥڸڲԶķ䣬ɮ˿ǣǷյģʢ΢ߣܰٹȥ
ƽԭȻԼڽţֽܹɮ˹ͺͺĺףϺ߶ʱûзӦһ룬˱ԭʧ
ʢķ䣬׼ڣָסͣ΢ҡҡͷ
ƽʢ˼ŵɮˣʢ΢ͷ
Ĵʢָ⣬ʶҪ캬סЩʣҺʢܿɿ
ܲһʱһͬȥ̽һ
ʢߵϢߣͷԼΪ˵ᱻɮ˲סʢʢд֡
ʦҪҹȥ
ʢ䡰šһᶪһˡ
ƽЩݣǱһ£ʢд
Ϊͣĸʦ֣ᱻ֡
޷ʢĴĴУָֽסڣ㱻֡
ƽд˸ŶЩģʢָ⣬չȥ˵ıʢһ¡
Ȼд֡
ʦ
ʢдָ֣޳ָű룬ʱ΢˶̧ʢ۵ףʢ۵δ
ʱܿ㵽ˣɫգƽϴʢΪ׼ķ䣬ϻһ󷨣ʢ䷢һЩȵɮ˽֮ֻ˵ĻӰ
ӰŲ̫ʱ䣬Ҫһʱ
˵γڵ⣬˶Ϣûɮ˵ģƽʢҲܷѧĲԸʢ䲢
ҹĽ·ǳɽϵŷ𾭣̴·ɢ˼֣ģֻизްĹ⡣
ʦ֣Ҫȥ̽
ʢ䣺ȥʬ
ƽע⵽ʢʱһֱڶŲʵʬףʵʦֿǷʲô
ֻǻɣȷԶŲƽʢͬʱһԵļɽ
ƺɮ˳߹ˣŵӳһСƬ⡣
ɽ϶ӵƽʢˣǼһ𣬱˴˺
Ϊʢߣ΢΢ƣʢ仳
Ųӹƽķǳ죬棬ȵһûжˣĵʦ֣ǲǿԳȥˡ
ûӦֻ÷ֻȹ̣΢ʣŤͷ˲䣬һƬ



 79  γ
ƽʼûзӦʲô, ΢һ£ȻʶʲôϺ֪طȡ
ʦ֣
ʢ䴽, ȥܿԶЩ, ɤͳٵȵȡ
ĵĵһȣΧܰƽ鱨²Ǻ, ʵ̫̬, Ŷһ
Ű͹ƽľʯоѵЩۣ΢ǰһЩ, ײʢ仳, ܹŵϤ㣬Щʢס, ʢ΢΢ס
վ֮, ʢſоΧȶԽԽ, ֻ, ɫӦ΢, Ǳʢĺᡣ
ԽԽȣ鲻ԽرʢǱ߿, ڲʦ, ʢ伸, ʢҲ޶ԡ
˺һᣬΧٴδŲȵŲʧ֮ʢſ˿ڡ
ˡ
˴Ӽɽ϶ȥƽһҿΧܺڣȻһܿͨ
ߵĵƫƽȫͷʢƺ֪·֪ʢڹ֮ǰѵͼˡ
ߣصɮԽԽ࣬һ·ɮˣΪûɵıɮˣԻȥˡ
ŵƺЩ
ġ
ʵʬ̨м䣬ɮˣƽ첻ȥˣʢԭصţΪ˺üڻȥ̽ʬˡ
ƽڵţɮǶŰɫɮۣۿȥһƬİף֪ΪΣܾñವġ
ڽԹԵصţûһ㿴ϤӰӵгˣõ׵ķ˿ɢԱߵɮ˶ûע⵽
ƽҪʦ֣±֣ǹԹԵشûпڣʢ䵽ǰʱŵһĲŷ
ʦֿз֣
ʢ䡰šһȻȥܻҪߴһ졣
ʵΪɢҷҵһˡ
ʢʣĻû˵һڷ޵Ľ
д𰸣̫á
ƽƶǶʱֻͷһۣЩɮ˻ԭţէȻȥһӲľż
׿˼϶Ǵʢԭ·ء
˲ܳһԺƽȺʢֿЩԸ⣬صԼĵоյġ
˾ڸڵĸڣƽ󴦵ĺߣֻʢпȨʵ̫ƽЩ
ҲпȨͰѺ߽йʢ˯
͸ֽܹɮˣƽɮ˹ͺͺſһᣬűת˸
ʱ˿̣ŵɮǲϳһϸϸѪߣǸɫףѪ˿ԭһƽͻϳɲ
ƽ˯ǰƺɨһѩ£ΪԼۻˣƤڴܣ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾԭĵˡ
ŵǳ㣬ƽ˫ۣЩ£ɨһѩ׵ɮۣȻһѩ׿ݵϣǹͺͺԿǡ
ƽһ£ע⵽ԼѾԭķﾯڵǡ
֪ΪʲôǰδĪòİ
СӲغ¡ʥɮ£аŲ鵽ССδʱˡ
ƽΧĳ裬̫ƯеĻע⵽ˣɫܲ˵仰Ҫһܰѷοȳ
ʦأ
һš
Ưеʱʱڣ˲ܹͬһʱȻߡ
˵ĵǵˮ©ƽȥ̽ԼĶ彣Ǵû١
ܲȥʦ֣ƽЩģע⵽ͬɮ˰ء
ƯпɤºͣȻС
ƽ
һƵϻĵƽŬĻǰһ飬ֻǵԼ˯ˣľʲôҲǲˡ
֪˭ġ
ƺǿĲƯаοС⼸նҪţһῴ㡣
һһСӣƽȴûκοζǱ͵ġ
̤ȥţɮȫַˡ
㻹δ˭ƽ֪ǰ˸ոֻش˹ʵ⣬ԼϢȴֺû͸¶
ƶɮšƯ΢¶ˮ裬ѩʩѩǡ
ƽЩ֣ʵҵģ
ôҲôܾЩŹ֡
ѩǡ
Һʱܼʦ֡
ѩʩűǡ
̤ܲţ
ѩСӿԡ
ƽڲ𣿡
ѩˣһ˲Ư￴㬵ر졣
Ż˵һͷ
ƽԱߵĺеǺУпƷ¶ˮ衣۽΢ţ԰׵ɫ΢͸ȥôС
ѩƽźһʵҪһֱͬҴһ𣿡
͵ȥЩѡ
ѩȻ
ƽûл˵ˣ˵ĴҲûãµ̯鷳֪ʢǱˡ
Щвס͵͵ȥƯУòôµĺлǵһμҿȻݣǸӺܸߣɮ۶Щǲס
Ŀ⣬ѩ˿ڣСУԿ𾭡
ƽע⵽񱾷𾭣ӡ֣ǿű۾ʼˡ
ˡ
ｹȴֲñֳһϵĵģһ𾭣һ˿۵ë׵ĵ̺
£
ƽش󴦵ĺ΢£ЩЩ⣬װ·̧ѩ۵ףԷס
ǸǡַҪشƽӲؿ˿ڣǣҪ
Ŷʲô£
ƽо﷢ëŶĺУһ˲öԷоӵĶߣ󶼸̫شԷ⡣
û˵ԷóһǩҪҰ㡣
ǩɢĴǣֱѩһֻֻ·ŽȥȻƵǰ
ƽҡҡͷˣҲ
ѩٴοοԵĸɫҰЩһҪȥˡ
ѩ漴ЦʲôЦһЦɤ΢˻ƣӦ
ŵģƽһԥ˵ͷ׶ԷΪʲôôʡ
һ룬ǰѩɮ۱ħƴ棬ǰɮ˻ûԭΣһϤ
ƽԭûзӦ·Լиҵʯͷԡһֱˡ
㡭΢ţЩ˼飬ʶЩ
ҹߣ
ħƳۺܿ쵽ǰҹɫ԰ףϴЦЦһһ⣿
Ӧ
ҹᣬСˣǷҵģô𡣡
ƽƤҪˣڳſնʹ˵Ļҹһôɲɵľϣ
ɲؿžҹ߱򽣴ģû뵽ҹ߻ּܻˣɲӦ
ƽʱװɵ缦ûпΪŶͣ
ǰǰ˲԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫָⱻš
ɤᡢ赭дżֹѵЦ
Ŀڻж֮ʹ̣ⶼǰǺʦͣ˵ӦӦγ


 80  ѩ
ƽָҹߵؿ, ǿŵʯͷѾķѵϱЩӲ
ץҵġԼ͵ʴףΪλҪֵϡ
ƽָЩ, 󱻾ҹţҹЦЦ, ΢ʹ
ºͣҵˣ֪ұץʱʲô
ƽ̫֪, , ·˹ͷѵŵĵطҵʹ
ҧ´ûԼ, ھҹ, 
֪ҹΪʲôҲ֪ʢǱôˡҹӳǺ޵ıȻʢ䡣
Ҳ֪
ƽָ΢, ۵΢鴤, ھҹǰһ, ʹ, ꡱһһɫѪۡ
ƽǰЩհ, ǰ۵һ˲俴嶫ͷһ˲µĿ, 
֮ǰôͬ˵, ûش, ˭׼㿪ڵģ
ƽԼҪˣðһ亹ָΪҵʹ΢΢һ
󴦵ĺƺѪһֵĵǴڿ־壬΢΢ûпڡ
Ҫ취ʢ䣬ҹ
ͷĿܿջأֱº͵ģָ˿ڴ΢΢һ£Ѫʧࡣ
һ㣬˵һĥĥ㡣
ƽɫףûлظţؿǰħ۱ѩ׵ɮۣҹ߻ɮۡ
ֱǸƯС
ûһᣬ洫Ųšءһ´򿪣һɮˡ
ɮ˵ʥɮڹŵҪ
ҹ߻ûɺеģָ߬һ飬ظҪ󣬽ؽˮ
ƽˮΡ֣̿ȥžҹ߿֪ҹ߸ʩʲôɮƿ
µɮЩԥδˮǹ˵ĵطǷĵӡ
ʣµĻ˾ҹߵһɮ̱죬ܿȥˡ
ƽ̧̧ǿάˣſڣҪʲôɱģ
ֲһɽ㱻ǾҹʹĹƣ㶼˵ͨˡ
ҹǰһǩָһֶܿˣ̧ҷû⡣
ƽѡ죬ԭҹ߾Ǹ̬ں˳𣬸ǲ֪ʲô
һȦӡǷžҹģѾ෢ϣȥĿġ
ƽĴûٿڣԼ󴦣û⵽˵Ŀʱʱͣϡ
ҹĶصûۣʱ䳤˼ԡϴһѣԭټ϶湻ʬΡ
ʱˣȴɢĨŭʬΣǸٵĳͷȻٲˡ
Ϊ۶ֽϣڻûл۵ıЩŤɫҰţ֪ʲôһһȻ
ƽжѣЩ֣ҹߵôµģ˵Ӧ
˼ţ߳һϤ
ʱҪȥʦ֡
䣬۽ɨʲôгܿ췴ӦӲסˡ
ڲܿڣֻ΢΢ۡ
ַɫһ۲Զһֱ͵ĳ˹ִ֣۵ĲҳģϢ˼֡
Ȼ֪ԼתжۣڲԶĳ˹ŵϤϢ
һŻ
ȥʦ֣ǶΪѩñץ³֪ͨʦ֣ʦҲӣСĻ᲻Ĺ㣬ץ
˵ʦֲᱻץַ⿴ƺҪըëģʦΪ񻹲ԶǶ֡
ѩѾϵ
ƽûзӦѩ֣Ժֳ︡ĵ伮ѩ͵ȵ࣬òªо˿
Щȷ˵Ǿҹߣʶ˳ſȥҹߵѿǳڡ
ʲôַһ̫֮׾ӣϵƤġ
ƽͻȻҹرϲռ˹ǣ
Ժв˼Ĳ²⸡ֳϲռ˹ǣ᲻ʵΪƤ
ڴѩߣҽʥʥﲻܸ
ƽȫעĶԷڰŰɣѾȥΪʲôԷڽ¾Ȼܳߡ
ǷʥأӶԷ˿Ӱ죬ôֻֿܡһԷа֮ĶڶаѾߵ˲Ӱĵز
Ͼǻ飬ڷǰΡ
һ֣ܸģû˵Ǵʱ˾ҹߵעͲˡ
ָڵϣдֳ
дǡʦ֣֪֡ʢžҹߣʢô졣
ȻʢʵĪʢҹܣȻԸʢ뿪
ʦַ֣⿴д֣ʱ򻹼ǹԼʦ֣ˮѩڸʰ㣬ʦֻǹţӦԼ
ƽԷ˿շˮô䣬ܡ
ʢ뿪ͺˡ
ָ⻹ţԼջ֣пע⵽ҹǱߣ־ҹһֱڿ
ҹɤºͣûʲôҪ˵ģ
Ų˵˵ʵǲ󴦱۶ϵĴз·ڣƽûгʵڲ
缦Լڽţн磬ƺ϶ˣҹ߶
۶Ǹ档
ƽȥԼʶغʹȻܵιȥδشϵ߱Щ
ôһۣƽовҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
˵ɲ֮£Ϊ壬ΪŵӣͬѵҪ𣿡
͵ǻ˵ҹ߽ɫ۵ף괽΢ţ˵󣬿ӷ·ί
⸱Ӳ֪ƭ˶ˣ崿޹
ƽڹţڱŶˡһɮ۵ǰҹǰվţЦԭȲ֪ô˵
ҹܿѹеδûҵһֱ
䵽෨ӣԭ۶ָ֫⣬㺦ֲôˡ
һʱȻ벻ӳͷġ
ƽЩ£ԼĴڸУɨ˾ҹһۣ̲סʶҹձԵ˼ƮЩԶ
ܰ.Ƥ
иֳһźֳһӰӰڵֹ
õҹߵɣӰſ˿ڣʥˣδҵ
ڲʬϷһ޵Ľ⡣
ҹǰĻ㱨ɫֿһ۵Ϲָ꣬΢һ£ԹƱסͽ϶һ
ѡһƽһص󣬱Ĵ
ˣҹɤºͣԹԵң֮ʰ㡣
ҹ߲ģ̹һֵĺ
һײһƽ۽ɨźԭΪ⣬ܿ߶˶٣ſȥ
ֳΣ޳ͦΣħƵ£ͳһĳꪣ֪ǴӺδ˳ģʱһԣվһ
Ավŵַϳ˭
СѵӦˮ


 81  
ƽЩʢ, 󴦺߲ϵڶԷϣЩȷⷿﻹ֪װʲô˵ҹܹ, û
󴦵ײһ𷢳ѵѵƽû֤, Իһ飬ǿʶԷ
Ѿ̧Լĵϻд֡
ַע⵽Ķܿαװ, ѾϳСĵıʦ, ûֱ˵
ʦˮǸܻ
ȷʵˣַʵЩ, Ŀʢ, ²ΪǣΪȴﵽľ绹Ҫٸ߳һЩ
ٸЩʱ䣬ȻܹɳΪС, ǹûǸˡ
ƽ΢ʧ, Ҳھҹ߲, ӳȥĺûᡣ
Ҫż, ǲﻹѩͨʯ, һһܿ
ַע⵽ħƳ۵ʲô, ս˳, ˼, 뵽ʲôٿЦ
ɻǵòʶ˵Ļѽǰַⴹʦ֣һ𲢲ס
ƽͼȥͨʯȷʵҵˣڷ￴ü˷Χ˸ֻ۾ض
Щθ
˶Էһ仰ûôϣʢһΣѲɻܽǷֿ
˵Ļȷʵǲܣָ΢ʵǶԷݡ
ָڵдһ֡
㡣
˭ַƽ֮ǰͬ˵ұ㡣
Թȥһƹ»꣬ʱɢֻǿס塣
Ҫżʴ𰸣ʱˣһ඼ḡ
⻰൱û˵ƽЩվẉ̂ԽԽЩʢ䡣
վ˱ֱָųꪣδͷһۣǳĬĵһҲվ
ʥʱŻƽ˿ڣڶ̴
ûдԼĸλװ
ҹֻöԷû˵̲Ҳ
ҿˣܸܲñˮ
ԻûжΣƺյ˴ȥӱ߸һ裬ˮǰŵ˵ϡ
ƽ߶һ˫̱ϳʢûˡ΢ɴһ˫ۣܿװʲôҲ֪ģŬŬ졣
ܲιҺȡ
޳ָűӱԵָ΢˶ȵطڵϣ֮վԼԭλá
ƽסѹ豭οϻһſڵȥˮ
ҹ߰ǹģҪѿ
ƽûǰĲˮʱʱҪһ۲Զ̣ԭЩģʢڣĪְЩ˼ʢ
۴ʲôкܹأ˿Ϸ죬䵭ЩζһǹſƵһ֡
·˸úԶкǿı߽С
ӡںܾ֮ǰˣڿʢ䣬ֻʢʺ£ܺÿ
ôʢ䶼һδκԽصľٶ
ַСӲתģЦǻ궼ˡָⲻ᲻صšһĶ䡣
пտоô⿪
ףֻҪܹͨƻ
ƽֻ֪ڵ伮Ͽ䱻šЩۣ΢ŤȴֲҺۡ
桭У
ôһгת˲֮׼⣬ǰһ㣬ͻỮƤ
ƽһ£ᵽɤۣ΢Ŀ⣬ǲԾЩί
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õѷʳѩʥģȱı
ƽܾܵ⿴Ļƺǳ˽ûпڣԷܹµʲô
תȻܹתͨҹһҲܵ
תףƽ˺üΣʧˣָЩۣλá
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Ҫżԡ
ƽٿٿصĺšͣ춼תżĶͷðһ㺹
ѰѧףʮΣʦֵĻһαܽ⿪ѾʮΡ
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ƽʵЩˣ˾ͻᳯĵ״֪ʢ࣬˼˸ͨ͸
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Ϊңܱȵʡ
ƽ⿪ûߵַ⣬һ۲Զͨʯܣҹ߿϶̷֡
ϣȥģʵֻҪ΢һͻ̶Ͽ
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һСƽúΣҹߵĿֱЩһߵǰܺң
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һᴫҹοȥ΢ɫӲ԰ˡ
ƽۣܸоǶɫҪƨ֡
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һӰҹ΢УӰڵϣеҲľ
ժ
̵߼סƽЩţ¶ڣֲұֳ쳣С˳ſȥ
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ƽգգۣϳʢɣ֪ҹܲܿ
ΪʢıȽϾãòȴܹͨϸ΢Ķϳ
ҹ۴һĨΥ͸Уܿ췢ǰָ΢ףڵĺãʵȴں£һŵȥɡ
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ƽҲ˿ڸԼָţҹȴת
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˿ڿǸģ΢ˣ·ܽĿڹᴩֻвһָľ롣
üºͣԱ߷ŵҩͲȻҪŴ˿ڡ
ƽ󴦻·ײһ򢴫ʹָɤͳᡣ
֣ܺٱֱŵ˿ڣͲֹ۶ôˡ
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˵ĵɣƽǱֱǰ˱˫ۣʮֻɾҹߵǻûкá
ӣϴε˺˿ڶû취ϣͿҩͿҩǿ˿ʱֹסѪ
СԼѾˣĻкۼҩһ̯ںĶһѪζ
֮ǰʢϹҩƽЩûа취ʱЭӣԭԺܵ͡
ַ⽫̬۵ףΪ°Ŭ˺úҩһҲǳ𣬻˵ѹ⡣
ʱ䣬ǶԷޣǶ⼸Ϣһèè궼ûʲôƢԼ֪ԼΪͣŬܿܲʱЭûʲôߡ
ΨһΪǸʢıСӡ
СԼʦԶʤԼ
û֮ǰɲǣʢСõƽ
ᡢҰģǸıԣ˼Ҷÿ.óʢҲϲƽΣʢδκι֮¡
ҲδŵֻջϲӡʺϽд㣬תӼ򵥣һۿͷֻᱻԵ
ƽԼֱˡ˼򵥡ıǩעھҹߵ˿ϣϺܶ˰̣һȤûУֻϽͿҩԶħͷ
ԽǽţԽ׳ָһС˾ҹߵ˿ڣָ֮һĨʺ죬ƤͷһĿ⡣
ƽɤЩӲҲǹġ
˵ţھҹߵ˿ڴͿһЩҩõذѪֹסˣӲͷƤûȥҹߡ
һᣬջߣǲһʶƽ˿ͿҩȻԷַ΢˸ĺᡣ
ͷͻȻɤҲ˰˿ڣ
ƽʷϻ֪ҹʲô˼ûشżʦʦֵˣǰ
еϢ˼֣ƽûзӦһӰӭ˱ƷڵأءһͷһߵǣܵһƬȡ
ƽ͵͵ƺһ۵ǰڣûзҹߵΪҲָ߳࣬ȥһճ塣
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ҹؿȥָԭû뵽ôĹֵˡ
üһĨºͲ٣Լһ㶵ԼͷϵѪһĨѹȥ
ƽʲôҲû˵ۣܸܲҹߺۡԼվЩģԼȥ˽䣬ĬĬڽš
ѪڣͷһವģȵĴͷϣ˿ůܿ㲻ˡ
Ϊʲô㣿
ƽоԼĶֱˣԷƺ˵䣬ίû˵
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Լϥһڲ֪ʢʲô㣬оҹڣҲܲ
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Ų£ܱιȥͺˡ
ƽһ۱ջߣ֪ǲǴܾʱʱĿϣĿԽԽ
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ƽ⣬Ҳȥ룬žҹôûأʵǲ
Լϥǣо⣬˯˹ȥϺ䣬ǵڶھҹ˯ذ塣
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˵һҪҪҪ
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ҪһͬˮΣ
ҹ߿ˮΡ֣Ŀƺڴ΢ͣ٣ֿء
ˣ˱ֻûɺеģƽȥǷ̵̣ţߵʱܹоҹߴĿ⡣
ƽߵͷۣҲۣתǵĵط󴦵ĺͻȻ֣ǰϡ
Ｄһ̺ʹʦ
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СƽҪſڣתָס˸ƣȻ
ƽʲô˼˼Ǳ˿ҹ߻ǲģڰ͵ǽ
ǲٿڣߵߣһˮ׵ָպŲˮд֡
Ҫ
ƽͷҲѧʢպˮд֡
ʦô
д꣬ؽд
ǰһϲ˲ԣˮŵĲ
ƽ΢ģҪд֣Լס̧ͷʢ۵ס
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Ųú£֪ʢǵҡҡͷָʢд֡
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ʢָ⣬һĶͷһ˲両ֳЩ壬ܿʧָƽյ䵭
סʢ䲢δĬذ˶ͷ˿ڣڰĻʢڰ࣬۱ˡ
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ܵľ̫࣬Ҫ˯һ
ʢ䴹ۿ˯գͷɴɫЩףһ˯˹ȥΪʧѪ۵ԭ
ָգ۽һƬӰ׵ָǶᣬջ֡
ԭվ˺һᣬΣٴָ⣬ָɴĦ˿ڣ֮΢΢ô
Сޱȵơ



 82  ˼ѩ
ƽһ, ʢ仹ԱšǵҪ£ͷһۣԼ󴦲ɴ, ˯֮ʢΪġ
ϻʢۣʢ, ۽ɨָ΢ͣ١
ƽ΢΢ָպЩˮдԼҪ˵Ļ
ллʦ
΢֮ͣ, д
ҹѾ, ҪѰһʥ
д꣬ԼԿǱʢԴ, ʢĿ, ʢ˼
Ѿ֪ˡ
ʢҲдָ޳ϳּ
һͷ, ǰƺˡ
Ϊ, ҹ߻ǲ̫Զˣնʹܿɽ, ʢ䴽, ɤܵ͡
ҲһֱһҪ뿪, Щһ
ƽûǲȥ, ڶ, Ҳ, ˵ͷ
ҲģֻҾͺˡ
ָͷ˿ȻӻóһŵͼͼӦǸջ겻ãȥǳʲݡ
ǽµĵͼʢ꣬ʱģҪһʱûл취ܿĺ㣬ȥбǵĵط
ʢ˲Ǿҹ֪ˣ϶ȥˡŵͼܿʱӾһЩŻܹӦλãʱٺϡ
СĴһƲߣַһվţɨһָŵĵͼʱȫ䶯Ĺɣǰƻˡ
ӦǲԼת˵Щġ
ƽʲݵĵͼʢдĺÿȴЩһѾѾس˰죬ŷֱͱԼԼڵλá
֪ˡ
˵ͼʢ䴹һᣬָջȥųԭʧ
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ַ˾ҹߵķ˿ڣѩڸնʹȥöĺʱ
ƽпմԷˣһᣬȷʵȥƢƺ̫ãʢ佻ģЩԥ
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㡭ƽöԷ˵еС˵ǡҶʥﲢûʲôȤ㱻Ҳ޹أֻϽʦ뿪
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ƽҡҡͷնʹҲû׷ʣ´βҪôãǱҪǴ
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˷ſв鵽ʲô
ѩĿϣ֪飬Աߵնʹ˿ڡ
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նʹ˶٣ܾЩԾĿǰûзʲô쳣
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ƽɮ˵Ǿҹߣûгһͬˣתһɤ
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ѩһߵĲ輸ԣڷŵֽţ̨ʣּֽдǼŤŤġ֡
˳ųһۣѩָʣھϿһʫ֪ô
ѩɤͳƿһߵľģѾǳˣг¾ɵּһʫ
ϲݣ˼ԶԶ˼μ֮
ƽ
ַЦһζǳԡ
࣬ѩָָָ֣˼֣Խڣʶֶ࣬ҽʫʲô˼
ƽʵЩһѾֲ˼δڣѩ
࡭˼ʲô
ƽԶ
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ôһģʫͱ˼ѩ
ƽ
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ѩ۵׻ްһϵľģʫϴҲ̹ʲô˼ϴ֪ȴ֪ˡ
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һ˵һָֽűԵĦԼд֣صƽĻӦ
ˣƽʵΣⶼʲô£̲סҪԼסˣԴѩһδ
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ַ⿴ڵĲӬԼǰûǹʲôһծ굹ǵĵǡ
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21㻹һ

ϲݣ˼ԶԶ˼μ֮ǿС


 83  ȫѹ
ƽʦֻ, ʶЩţһ£ȷʵ㡣
Ǿܾ, նʹҲûˡ
ƽأ˼ǲܡ
˼ҪԼ취, ѩЩˣԺܸߣЩ࣬ͲҴԷˡ
ƽȫȫβشӵ, նʹ, նʹѩԶظ
նʹһһӣַ, Щɥģ, ָϰ˰
֮ǰӦǰǺúȻնʹӦǰñ֮ô, ܵǰԤС
ƽȷʵ˼ǲ, Է·ӣȥ, ûʧӦô졣
ڱѩ, ѩûץǷ, Է˸, ֪ʲô˼
ƽ̾˿, Щʦ, ô졣
֪ʢʲôΪʲôҪһʱ
˸㣬ֱӹȥǣ㡣ַȥʦھ
һߡ
ѩڵſվţȥþûջĿ⣬ϣԱߵԽ˿ڡ
ǵԵټ档
ӣ̫żԽ˼δʦһ𣬿Ƿֿˡ
·;ܲϿɲһ
ƽ磬һһ֪ǷΪΣֻԼ취һǷ˸š
ںɽŹţһ޴ü۵ʹӳﶼʮС
ļ紺ƽһ΢΢ͷûţһյʲôûУֻǽϿŵġ
۽ǺȻһƳһϤӰɴ̵ۣգ۵Ĺ򣬽˲
ƽϳʢûʶغһ䡰ʦ֡仰û˻Ӧһ̤ͬ˲
ǰһ磬ƽ˹ȥ̤У÷Ю̴㣬в߿ǰ㣬ҪĶ࣬ʯ߶˵̵ľ֮⣬дСС֪ܶͨ
ƽûҵʢ䡣Ŀⱻڵ伮ϼҲģ⻹ǵһμе
֮УΪףǳڣ㿴ȥһһĮȻһ˵̫
ƽĿͣڵʱע⵽ڶжΣüҲ·һĨ
Ŀ⻹ûջأԼ䱻£ߴɭɭϲڣ
ƽһۣæסԼĶ䣬ϲ
Ϊһֱ
ҲУƽһ䣬С¶Է־䣬ָ⶯˶ֻЩ棬˱Ϊƺȫһ
ַ˳ɨһۣԼԼЩȥʵǳɿĶ⣬޺ڶԺԶ㡣
ƽ
ʦ𣬡ƽ֮ǰ˱˵η޵ĲãʵЩƫԷԼҲ֪Ϊʲô
һԵַ⣬͵͵˵⻰Ը˵ɲҪ˵Ǳˣ˵Ҫȥɽ
۵ġ
ַ⿴ģ΢βЦЦʦζģռǳԲǴ򡣡
֪ѽƽöԷףƢƺôã˼·Ŀ죬ʵԺһֱһ֪֡
Ҳһƽɡ
ǺŤ
һֱ㣬ַ⣬ңұ㣬㣬Ӧֳ
ֻһƻǣ֪ʲôʱɢҪɢ֮ǰǰ·ƽ
лֳģƽŲԸ⣬ЩŤҲͬҽһ֣
һַĬƬ̵Իҷ⡣
ƽɦɦ䣬ȷԼûҪԼǰǰ϶ܳ羴ɾ
ʱ֪գ˳ڵĲʱǲǺܶ˶з⡭
ʲôηŷ˷⣬ӳɷ⣬ȡɾ֣ʮ⡣
͸Ǳһ
ַ⣺
˵ʲôֱ죬ø͡
ƽżʮܶССܶػһֻڶ۾·һ̾ܰȥ
֪ʢһ
ƽֿ󴦵ĺߣ߽֮ʧˣΪ˵ʥأоĽ뵣ıƽЩǿЩĵʱ
ȻۻңĪ˸еģһЩη
֪ʦȥһƽʡ
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ѡ·ôīַ⿪ڵÿһ㣬ﲢȫѩܿܲ鵽ʱʦֱΣˡ
ƽȻûоãӱɢֱѡǰֱ̤ܶȥˡ
ܶģƽԼ﷭һ򣬵ȼܱ֮ӳѨİǽڡ
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ַ⡰šһԭһֱֱǧǰڷС
Ϊɽ֮أڴˣܹάɽ˵Ҳռ֮أĵط
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ߵǽµʷұ߲֪ʲôƬƪŵĺѪԨɫ·˼ķ
źЩʣһŤ̬һǹǼ̳
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οȥ΢죬ںЩֻܿ˹ڵĵģƺǳǳơ
ԭǽģʻݣѩң˿ӡ
ƽﻹų̲סʵΪʲô֪
ұһǧ꣬Ķֱһ£ЩɭοЩ伮ҲУϴұ˵࿴顣
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ͷһ޴ĵ¹Ӧÿùݣһɵļ̨ģ֯һȻ̨
ƽ̨濴һϤӰ
ʦ֡
۾ôһĺЩԭȵĲһɨգ˳ʢСܹȥˡ
ʢת֮΢⣬Ǿ䡰ȵȡû˵ؿеϵ󷨡
ǰðһ׹⣬ƽֻ첲ſ˽ʦֻ䣬ΧͻȻ׹֣Ȼ˱㲻ԭˡ
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УҹλϣĻ㱨оĿۣɫҲЩ԰ס
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ңѲҲһ
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ҹɫЩΰѳ˵СץǰͻȻðһ׹⣬Ǽǰһ˪Ϣ
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˳˹ײһƬ˿ڱײ˸ʵĿһۡ
ƽ±ƣȫ֪ʲôβ׵Īһ⣬Լָץסħ̧ۣͷ


 84  Բ
ƽ϶һѩ׿ݵ, ָʶײҹ߻ԭҪײʢ, ײˡ
֪ԼΪͻȻһȦڻˣ
ϸ, ϸԼʱιȥ
ʦ֣ҹѹסĿڵʹ꣬βЩЦ⣬ȴЉڲס䡣
ƽ̱Ҫ, һ, ϵֻ΢ʹֱҹ߰˻ȥ
ʲôƽٴײҹߵؿڣɻǵþҹؿ, ΢΢ܿЩ
ҹߴĶ, ±ܿˣĿڻһΪʹҵĿ, Ҳűһһ, 
ȡȿȡҹɫ԰ף, ǲԸɿƽ˱, ¾ҹ߿Եʱѿˮ絽ϣһСŲһ㡣
ʥԱߵǰ, ƽűɿҹɿʱһ, ֱ
ƽһߴ, žҹĿ, ɫһŰֽ̳֣ȫΧھҹߣһһǹҹļ
ʥ
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ƽ֣žҹʹ̵ģС˵һãźá
﷽ô룬Զľҹ߳Ũü۴һĨɫɤ˻ƣ
һۿƽƤˣҹȥԭضţۿžҹϢԽԽ鲻Ըǰ̤һС
֣鲻Ը̵Ųţ֪ԼȥģЩί
ҹ߿㣬ֻԼĿڸЩȻί
ûƽ齱ߣס˱קǰЩײҹߵĻ
ͣסˣײϣһҲ˵塣
ǴʦģձסҹֲָڣƤϺۣҡҡͷɤ塣
Լ
ҹ۵ӳ΢Σ㵱ɵӣ
ƽ֨ˣ͵ҹ˵ĶǷƨ˵ʲôܴҧԼġ
֪ԼΪʲôᵽҹߵӾҹ߲֪ǲ󷨣һЩַ֣Ϊβ˵ˡ
ʱַ֪ʱ䶼ڳ˯ѵʱ䲢࣬Ѿľ˳˯
Ը˵
ƽоһصѹϣϥһͨһֱӱ˵ϡ
ҹ沿ָƽһɿһֱţԸ˵Ϊֹ
ϥűĵذ壬ƽԾҹ߹ţǱɲԸĻȣ粵
˵ҲţҪһֱš
ƽ˵ųһۣ־ҹڿǱˡԼ󴦵ҵף׽⿪ֻҪҹ뿪Ͱ⿪
ţһֱɰͰ͵صžҹ߸Ͻ뿪ҹȴڴ齱һʼǱ۵ģۣһᡣ
ƽϲǰҵذҹ߿ţЩڣȴְڶԷΪһҲҶ
ԷһûҪ뿪˼д˶֪дʲô̹ţһۣеĻӡ
зǳֻˣƽһӣָ΢΢ŵأЩסˣԭضȥֻǹҲʵǳϸ΢Ķ
ҹ۽ɨһֱŤŤȥӺܲʵƤ̧ĿϣޱʣҪҰΣ
Ƿ
ɡ
ƽҶˣںڰǰЭѹЩЩֲұֳȥСŲ
ҹЦЦҪţ
ƽ缦ҳҲǲУܱȹźöˡֲɵӣ˵ˣ϶ֹô򵥡
һû˵ҹȥֱߵżմżߴ꺬
ͷҲС
ҹһɨȥֲ˵ˣֻǻᷢϸ΢ĶӰòעֹȥ
ÿȥúõعţʱίַŭص
һ֮ƽŵĵطӵϱ˴齡;ҹ߸һξ룬ԼǽڣڴһҲۣǳžҹ߹ŵġ
ƽ͵͵Ųһ㣬Ųһ㣬ҹһֲˣڴ
û¸ɣûһˣƤЩҹߵĲӰ
ҹһֱ꣬ע⵽͵͵קϵһٿǽһǷһϵĵģһֶȥ
ܳˡ
Լûһˣ˳ſȥ΢΢ס
ĳԼСӣ˸ƣǽ˯ˣСࡣ
ָקűӱԵ˯ͦ㣬άŹˣԺܺãһ
ҹϢ˼֣ɢϢһ˯ŵȫûãƺоʲô۽΢΢ء
ƽû˯ãһˣǱҹ߽ѵģϾҹԵĲ˶ԷȻʲô
ЩΡ
ڴȷʵ˯ţԼȻŴħͷ˯ţһҲ
ҹߺ˰Ű˺ѣĳͷһ嶼ûУƤʵǺĿԣǻóƭˡ
ٸһλᡭʦִӳȥģ
ƽҡͷʱǳ壬Ҳ֪㲻Ҫˡ
˵ԼҪ㲻Ըš
ƽԼߣûˮְָˡ
ʲôҹβ΢һƬӰ뿴Էôࡣ
нҳȥֻܻƽָ˿ٱϵΪͣƲ硣
㲻֪ʲô³ҹЦָƤİ׾Ƥȣһȥ˱㽩סˡ
ҲŹ㡣
ЩƽȻ֪ҹΪҪô˵ֲŰԸھҹ￴һЩ
˵Ըɡ
ƽڹţظҵȻ֪
ԲһֱڴôԸ
ʣһ䡰Ըû˵ҹʲô䣬ûģٿ
лնʹƽһֱڵдţҹҲδ뿪˱һֱһ
ϣƽһ۴ɫѾʱȥˣʢ仹ûϢ
ҹҲûжֱӻ˵нĵϡξҹʴЩûֱ˯ذ壬ǸһСͷ
Ҵ͸ͷ
ƽ֪ԼżСֲ࣬ܿƵģԼСͷƵ˵˯˲֪Լ᲻ࡣ
ĻشҹֻǵԲ˯
ɵֲ˶Ҫ˯ģһû֮һ
Ĵûһܿĵط
ҹţĿڲԶϡڽԼıʰ룬ָѱƽԼСͷЩˡ
˵ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ˯ذˡ
΢ͣ٣Ŀ΢΢Ĵǣܿջߡ
ŹҲԲ


 85  ϲ֣ޡ
ƽ֪ҹʲô, ͷڱŵذ廹Щǲš
ֲҪ˯, ڱᴩϵףﴫ΢ġꡱ, ׾ٵر㿪ˡ
ƽصţ־ҹʱʱرҪ߿һۣѲɻܲɣ
˯һڲ, Ʊ, ϵľҹۣһ㿪ʼԣԸͣ, Ŷܡ
ƽ˳ųһ, ڽûһᣬϵɤ϶
ˮ
ڵ, ûеڶ, ƽûжŰվҹߵ, ʵʵ, ȥҹߵһ衣
ҹ׵ָմѪҲһ˿, Ųˮȥ˾ҹԱߡ
ԷĿ, ƽЩë, 鲻ԸشԼóһ
ҹ߽ݹ, һ˿˿ĵζǾĴһ滹ǳǳСͼ
̧ۿȥķǳԸӳţĿͣ򢴦
ˣջĿ⣬ԭشվš
ҿԻȥ𡣡ƽСʡ
ҹƽαװʵԽԽ࣬ԸڳƽǸס
ԣҹƫƫ˳⣬ȥıŲ˯
ƽΪԼˣ췴Ӧվû̵˵˯࣬ᳳ㡣
˵ʲôϾҹĿ⣬̱죬ʵʵȥᱻˡ
ôô࡭ƽСֹȥԼı죬ѱŵ˾ҹԱߵĵϣԼ̺á
λþҹһֱζһֱţоЩʣô˯š
ôģƽ֪ԼŲ˯һΡ
ǽԼ󴦵ĺ߰Щʲô̽ʾҹߡ
ҳȥʱ򿴼նʹûȥǣ
ҹ߱ŵ۾峺ЦЦôʲôնʹڣҲȲʦ֡
ǿܻᷢ㣬ƽҲûҹһʶˣʱֻᱻץס
ڸϽ뿪£ʲôҪ
ҹ߸һԼᣬƽʲʲôðմѩӦúܿͻеĲԡ
һʱ䣬ҹͻȻ˿ڣһʱ䣬Ҳ㲻ܴˡ
ƽЩ⣬û뵽ҹ߻˵Щ֪Լնʹ̫á
С˵ɱôɮˣŲŹ㡣
ǲʸɮ˵Ǿ˫Ǹ֪һԸַҹߡ
ԹңӦûȥĺʦ𣬡ҹɫƽʲ֣ԭ޻ޣû뵽ʬз޵Ľ⣬ֱ
ƽʦʲô£
ȻйأʦԲʶ֣ǲģֻҪʵʬױ֪ҹߵ۵ױЩٿЦɱ˲ʡ
˭֪Ǳ˹һʦĽ⡭ƽСһ䣬˵ľǾҹߡ
ʱ֪޽ǧﺮ˪֮¼ûܹģ³
϶Ǳ˷ŵģ޻ʦ𡣡
ƽĬĬͷҹ˵Ļţݺ޵ĿܸһЩǷޣԷ޵ӣôһѱ
쳾֮£ֻʮǰƽΪʦһԣΪʧȥ.
ƽţģ˰û̧ҹȥûи˵ġ
Щ˯ľʦҲʲôˡ
ƽ⧲ֱһ䣬е㲻ˣҹ˵ˣԼǽת
һҹԵúƽδߣһֱڹ۲ҹߣҹߵľķǳǿ΢жͻۡ
ϻͣһᣬĿЩ𺡣
ǱҲܿʲôһ
ƽǲҶˣһҹûҵʲôᣬڿʱ˯˹ȥʱ˶ѹġ
ʥ˷˽µŵ伮ǧǰһʥ
ڻ㱨ҹԿЩмںδ
ֱֹ˵ѵ伮ԭصͷ
伮Ѿǳ¾ˣŵԱ棬ּģ壬ǿܹϡ
ǰԼδʥﲻԺδֻԹ鴦´Ϊ֮ǧ֮ǧ֣򵱾
֮Ϊʥ
ҹ߿һ֣ü΢šЩоͰ߶߶ģظʥҲдţֻд۾ܿ
۾ܿĶˣµĵһһľɽļľۣǲܿģ
ƽѾѹˣ˾ҹߺ˵ĻЩ棬žҹĵ伮дšܲҲ
ôţû˵ҹɨһۣ伮һߵϣ
伮ǰĲ輸ϣ΢ȥһ㣬һۣҲе㿴
ʥڽûǲ֪ģҵ˼صĵ伮ƺҲûʲôô
ҹҪȡʥ϶Ǿ࣬ƻΪԼϵˡ
ȥŵ伮û֮ءԼ󷨣һ顣
Ӧ£նʹǱߡҹ̽ദѷ쳣
޷ҹ߿ǹеʬײȥţغòʵʬףȵ뿪ʱǼʵʬ塣
̣ǡ
漴һźڵɢ
ƽ͵͵ط伮伮صʲôУֹʷһЩӰ˵ģЩЩû
Ŀ죬ͻȻʲôָ΢סַȥĻѾǳ¾ɣɴһ˫ۿͼ
ⲻǡⲻǡ
ⲻڷҵǱкС꣡
Ϊʲôµŵ伮ϻУ
ϵСòͷҲһβһϢȻ˺Уһˡ
ĹûпΪʢˣ
뵽ʲôָҪһҳǰĵ伮һȴߣҹĵ伮һͼ
ʲôҡ
ƽһֱЩɻԭֻڲ󿴵ٴγڽ£϶ֹô򵥡ǺϵĻϢϢءѾ˼ˣںòлܿҪֱߣܡ
Ͳһ֪ˡ
žҹߣ۵ףܿѹҪĳ嶯˼֣뿴һͻ㡣
Ҳ˵İɣǽµĶҹȴռȻ
ڵʱײһ죬ҹûдǷҳʼͣһᡣ
ƽźĴ߶ȣֵʵҲûʲôÿģʡ
Էһ۵ɹƽ˵ˡ
ҹָⷭҳͼϻǰҳġͱ˺к꾫ĸƣе伮.
һźǱģﱻ˶ҲǱ޺ۣһϢȴֶԺ۵Ρ
ҹ߿һ꣬껹СƬ̣Щȡ
ɤζ
ϲ֣


 86  С
ƽϾҹ۵, ҹдЩ̱ҡҡͷ
ֻ֪Ǻ겻ǶβΪλܻš
Ϊʲôܻţҹ΢ü, ǽµĵ伮֪ʲô˼
ƽƶǶ, оΣ˵ֻ̫ǳžҹĵ伮ûлش⡣
ԭȱҹڻʱ, ڽ, ֤¾Բֹ׹ô򵥡
ҹûзʣµݣһ£л, ǡ
֪뵽ʲô, ҹãĿƽϣɤƽ, ı, Ӧֻʦˡ
ΪʦǷѾ˼ƽձס, ץסҹߵ, öԷɿûһҹɿˡ
ֻϢЩ
˵ʲôʲôΪ
ƽĪЩ, ֺҶ֪Щʲôֻ֪ĸоܲ, ˵֪ҹǲڻ, ǲҪÿλ˵һ밡
֪Լȥ, ҹ߰ѵ伮һҳ˺һᡣ
һŻǽ֣Ϻˣ˶β󴦻һƵķ䡣
ԱһŴģ˽һ𣬱עּպ졣
Ϊ׼а䣬Դ˷񣬷뱻һһūʵΪūūʵΪߵΪūūΪ
ҹ߶֣ѵ伮ˣֿǰĴ޷Ѿ˼Ϊ˻֪ŵһ˭
˱׼ġ
ūӡ
һ֣а֣֮޷ɽ⡣
ƽԴ΢£Ըޣǿȥʷޣ
˵
˵ʦΪʦǲбԭΪͽʦΪƫƫѡҡһ֣Ʒ޶
ʦ϶ҡƽôһ䡣
˼̫͸Ҳ²׼
ؿžҹ߰ѵ伮ǰʵǱ
֪֣ҹ
ûгҹƽкͺ꾫Ҹһ𣬻Сꡣ
ƽ
ҹ¿Щкôӡ
̧ͷϾҹߵߣҹЦЦЩȷˡ
ˣ
ҹ߿ЩָסգһӣֻҪһ໨Щ򣬱ܻϡ
֪Ҵȥ壬ԡ
Ժֳ︡ǷҩģްЩָĦգ鲻ԽرʹЩ
ƽСһȥϸ˭ԣѾһ㼦Ƥ񣬱ܿ˾ҹߵָ⣬Լձۡ
Ҳ֪ӦϣƽЩҹԶ㣬Լðɡ
ͷƤ飬ӻʲôĿϰѾҹλھҹŵһˡ
ҹ߿ܻᱻȥӣֱֲ̫ˣŲҪ
ηӦԼ˵˻СسҹһۣԷǾһ¡
ҵ˼ǣŸҪá
ҹãˡ
ҹ̬߰۵ףƬ̵ܡ
вԶƽ˵ˣֹصţֲûȣôܲܡ
ٴγһź̹ڵϣʥѾʣĵ伮󷨣ȫǷֿģǡ
ҹ߾صģ̶˶ٵķ䶼䡣
ֻû䰴˵û취󷨣бĶ档
ԽʥӰ졣
ۿɼ֮Ϊʥҹ˼һ飬ü۸̧Զɽ֮ۡ
ڽ棬´һ޴Ҳǲı棬ԶԶȥüĿ仳ȱڣ֮䡣
ԭ㣿ҹ΢ü뵽ʲô̵նʹҪ̤ţˮǱȥһˣȥСץ
Ӧһǡ漴ԭʧ
ƽЩģҹӣ֪ʥλˣȻô죿
ſһ۴⣬ֻܿڲľ޴񣬻δڣ󴦵ӣҹק
ҪҸһȥƽקܾһĻЩʶ֮ǰѦڷˮתֵˡ
ƽС˵Ҹһȥֻ鷳㲻ôҹȥҴͺˡ
ҪǾҹûлˡ
ҹǣӣקת˲֮Ͳڵˣ½ǴħҲң鷳۶ĸ첲ȡ
ɤºͣ˵ĿϣʱҲˣǣӣڵ
ƽԺԲ˻棬оСȴ·ѾʼˣĬĬر죬קűǰߡ
󴦵ɣգײһ𶣵죬ƽ֣ףǰһѾƿˣʵ΢һ£ܶϿ
ҹһȻһġ
·Ϊ˲Ƶԭоʮǰķ羰ãѾڽˡ
˵˽⣬ȥ޴ǰü۵ʹȥǣǰ΢ϡ
ΧĵģɮѾȫûϢնʹʢ䲻֪䣬ֻ;ҹߡ
ƽ̧ҲǷ⣬ⱳŽڽƷɣǧȫɢ¡
ˮһӰǧꡣ
ʲôҲûУƽջĿ⣬֪ҹʲô㣬ѹʵҪȥ
ʲôҹ߼ԶָšһĶ䣬ק뵽Ϊ
ʦƽʲôûн㣿ҹ߻΢٣βԹԵº͵Ľһ䣬ҲǣʦҲİ㵱ͽܡ
ͽʲộǵֻûԼ±ǡ
㡭ƽû˵˸˵ʲô¡
עھҹߵĻϣͺԼĶ仹ţ֪طӦҹ֮ǰɿ
ˣܲҹסһ룬оǰϢķ˱仯ܹ޵Ľɫ˿ߡ
ɫ˿ߴͷɢĴǣ׼ȷ˵ɽ
Ǵģ䣬ȴȻܹת
ʥ
ƽڴʱе伮ϼصʲô˼ײǺ¡
ҹҪõʥû̫ϵޡǾҹߵƺȬһǵһġ
Ŵ⣬ƽ󴦵קק˱ԭʧҹߴת˲֮һط
ؿԼҪײʶţȻûײϣֱӴ˹ȥ
ҪԻˡ
ƽֻôһ䣬ʧȥʶ֮ǰ۽ƺɨһֵơ
ΧõļžǰһƬڰңԶĵطһ͵͵ɤ
С
ôһǹѪʲôȻ˫ۡ

*
лҪ˵
н£һС˭еģ¶˷500jjbѡǰֹ


 87  ޹
ƽ˫, һϤ
ü޲ɷʱ΢΢ָⴥ, Ħ۵䵭дᡣ
ʦ֣ƽԺﻹصʢ䷽Żһ"С", ջЩ̣ǳڡ
ʢָ⣬оˣ΢Ա߱ܿһЩ
Ϊƽע⵽, е±, ո;ҹһ𣬾ҹҪþԻˡ
뵽ʶһԼ, о, Ρ
Ҵǰһ㱻ڲûҵʥҹ, ͵ˡ
ǰһ졢ʥ, н磬ĶԵ, ƽЩ, ʵڻþ
ʢ䡰šһ, ջ֣ʥҷĻþ, ˻ʧ
Ҫ취ȥ
, ƽקסʢ½, ҹߣǸһġ

ǾҹڣʱΣգ֮ӦȽҹߡ
ǡӦͬһ
ʢ¶ϵĺߣ˼ΪŻԻᱻͬһ
ҡҡλΣƽԾЩĻͨ
ʦֿ֪Ҫȥģ
ʢҡҡͷҲ֪Ҫȥĳǳء
˵ţʢƿӣѾǰԶһƬȾĺ죬֦Ҳ죬ɫӳǳѹ֡
ƽһۣԶƺһǣȥЩ룬ԶԶĿţǳشҹɫԵԶԶؿŻҰܶʣǸһ
δǣƽһᣬ⼸ǧȥǣǳǰͨնʹţܹаֹа롣
ԶĳǳȴûҲûնʹȥܻ䣬ʲôûС
ʢƬ̵ĳǳأӦǧ֮У磬֮ǰȥ֪
ͷʢ˵ĺеڻ֪ظоЩѣΣ˶е㲻
ʦ֣еΣоģΪʲô
ڻЩʣʢûֻ˵ǵǰɤ䵭
ƽɫ԰ףʢԣָĶͷģʼоһ˿䣬֮ºͣƺ͸ȥ
ǼǰǺŵ÷㣬ؿʢ仳ͷ˲ʢָ⣬оʢ΢סزˡ
ʦ֣ҹǰһԻˣƽ̧ʢ䣬ܾʢɫЩŨοī֭С˵˵ʲôԻǣ
Ի˵ķʽͬʢħĻħ.Ļ.г޵ĻޣʵĻʡ
ƽЩ㶣֪Լʲôħ.ޣʣ
ʦֵһ֣
ƽоĺߣŲʶر㳯ʢһ㣬˲Ըɿʢԡ
Ҳ֪ʢ΢΢֪һ֡
֪һ֣˵ֶпܣ
ƽʾ֭˸ĸ֮⣬֪ʢ仹ʲôŲµ顣ʢŵ±Ҫࡣ
ʦƽδ˵ƽʦֵĳˡĸ
˵ƺЩ̫ʣ֪ʢԸԸ
һûлشоԼԿǱʢԿǣЩζȻԸ¡
ǳ򵥣Ҳûгʣֱһ齣ʢ䣬ʢ仳ûһˣʢļ˯
ʦֲԸ˵ˡƽֹһ䣬˸ǷȻְʢ䵱ͷˣ˯һᣬǵʦٽҡ
ľͷûлӦǿ϶ˣƽĵ˯˹ȥоԼĶⱻ۽޸Ų˲
˯֮ʢ΢΢۽ѹһŨصīɫסָĶһĦ˳ŶգѩϸƤΪΣ껹˲ָ⡣
ʢָ΢סٿȻջ֣ѹ۵׷ӿ
׷ƽǱʢѵģ۱㿴ʢŷŴԼȫʢ仳ϻʢۡ
ʢ䴩̵ۣħܹʢ˺ϺЩҲſˡ
ʦ֣ƽҪȥһߣͻȻһʢ佫ڻ⧲ײȥоߵϢЩ
ȵĴУƽһ㣬ͨ죬ʦ֣ʲô
ʢʲôҲûҪΪʢҪˣĪЩڴȻܿԼҡԼһ㣬ڻڻ
ųȥʦңôС
ȵϢߣƽоȫЩ΢΢߬ʢ½ǣһɫоʢ乿ԽԽЩܲˡ
ʦ֡ƽɤ˸͸죬Լ϶ܶˣʢ仳
ȵĴУֻñǼĪЩ£Ǳϵ·һͻᱻס̳Դ
ţЩأɫȮ¶Щҧȥǣɿ˻ˡ
ƽȵʢɿ϶һ㺹˶κģϷȣʱʢһѣŲվȡ
߲·ʢָ⣬ָ֮һ飬ûеͷҲûҡͷʢǣ
߲ҿԱ㡣
䵭ɤڶߣƽ̺汧ųʲôͳ֪֮Щ⣬Լڶǰʢ˼ʽˡ
ߵĶ
ƽشʣʢû˵ʲôˣǣָ߬⣬Щ󣬿۵ָ΢Щۡ
ǵڳŴͣƽע⵽Ѿҹֹǣ˶ڳţſ˺ܳĶӡ
Զͭ裬ĻȼգĴŷǳ¾ɣƽĸʱĿףնʹ
ǧǰ硣
ʢǣȺ棬ǰŵʲô˶У࿴񣬱鿴ȥŸ
ʢվһԶԶؿţע⵽ҪӣҪơ
ʦ֣һӡ
ƽԼһֱŴ䣬Լóӻӣһóʯͷ
ﲻá
ƽʯͷʯͷŻȥʯͷŻȥֱ֮ӡ

ʢԿǣ˼õģˣʢ䲻֪Ӻδơ
һǶˣڵ˰Ҫֿ
ƽûӡ
űϳȥ׼ˣû뵽ǳóֽǰֵֽĺ֮ͬ˰
ƽĿɿڴûģ׻˵һǮѵӢۺʢ˶ǩֻѺˡ
˳˳ǣѾǰҹɺ֣ƺ޹ء
ʦ֣ȥģ

*
лҪ˵
Сɰ


 88  ʦÿ
ʢȥĵ, һֻӣǣȥջպһ
ջҪҲͨķ, ֻϢһ൱⵰, ӻҪʡŻ
ƽûסͨķ䣬ƽڷ޶׼õģͨķŴһɳ⣬˳ǽǿȥ, ˼Ѻۡ
ô, ֻҪǺʢһ𣬷ͱɴҪˡ
ʦ֣ǳؿȥͨĳǳ, ûնʹûаڣ
֪, ʢҡҡͷʣǮһ, , ʲôԼ򡣡
ƽЩ˼˵˸лʦ֡, , ְǮʢС
ʦ֣Ű, ģʱǡ
ʢ۵, ʢ䴹, 鵹ӳӰ, ýЩ˼
ʦ֣
ƽֺһǰꡰšһǮջˣ˱ȥ˯ǿҪȥǮ⡣
ǻǷ˰û˼٣ѡǻ֪ΪΣֻڳš
ãƽӦһֻһţʵʦֲϢ𣿡
ʢҡҡͷ˯ǡ
ɤ䵭ͳ仰֪ΪҲȷʵظоˣԼһྻڴ齱߻˯
˯֮ǰƤڴ·𿴼ʢ䵽ǰƤ֪ʲôմС
աϡ촽βƽʢ֣Ȼʧȥʶ
˯֮˸ΣεԼȫĶסʲôһļоЩʣѾҪ
û취һ㣬ֱ˻ȥֻܴճűָо͸ȫ
ƽһ亹ΰѣһʦ֡˶һʹŵġţ㱼һ˿Ĵûץסһͱ˹Ŵ
Сجˣ
ƽͷҲ˺촽΢ţԼûʶԼֻʣһѩ׵£ָ΢΢߬ʢ½ǣڷ
ε
ϵϢʢ࣬ʢָĶͷϣζǷġ
ƽûбοʢ仳СʣʦֲҪȥ
㷽һֱںңʢ΢΢ָգҵ㣬ˡ
⻰ʲôëοƽʢԴ˾Ӧһץʢһǣʲô
һ£ǰδͬʦ˵
ƽоʢĿϣԷصģѺüοƵʢ䡣
׼ڣߣȴͻȻ˵ˡ
ʢָķ˿֪ôʲô£
ûʲôƽڸʦ˵ʣȵȷٸʦ֡
ɺء
ʢһΪһоһ˵Ĵڣȥ£ʢ˵ƣʢȥ顣
ܾǸͼзǳĺ壬ǾʢȥΣա
ô˵ʢֻǿһᣬûٹʡ
ƽû⣬һʱ䣬˯ţʢҲ˯˱ڷ顣
ڳ˰ԷȻҪˣ϶а취ҵǣһӶƽ߿ǩֻѺ飬滹ʱ䣬ҪǲµʱҪ룬ȻҪ
ʦ֣ҪȥŪôǮƽʢ֮ǰ˵ܹǮƺҲûаҪҪȥתתҿûа
˹ȥ
ʢ䣺ûаʱ治ͬҪһʱ䡣
βͬ
ƽؿʢóһСɳ©գŹ˲һӡ
ֻǶʱı仯ȵǳȥʱ治ָ䣬仯ĳ̲һ
ţתʱң治ͬ
ƽһ£ʢ˼ûп죬ȥ꣬Ǹϲȥɽ
ᣬʢ΢ͣµߵ仯Ҫܶ࣬ʱҲ滺
ƽЩʢ䣬СʣΪʦЩҲ֪
ʢ⺧ػش𣬡࿴顣
ˣʢڷʱÿճõĵطǲÿնȥ伮Լûʲôġ
ŶƽӦһʱǱ׼ˣǰʢһ.Ƥߣסԭ
ʢԭøߣ֪ǲǴ·ˣʱҪ΢΢̧ͷʢĿ⣬ʢס۾
⿴ˡ
ƽץʢ
ʦ֣ɿңҿҲ𡣡
ߴȵĺͳɤڶߣʢ˵һ䡰СΪƽ.Ƥߵޡ
ƽʢҪЩʢֿۣһˮٱĥƽƤȣͲӶһɫˣƼݣݡ
͸Υ͸У֮ܳ
ƽЩ⣬קʢڣʦ֣ұ˺ö࣬ΪֻҪ.Ƥߡ
ȻΪñ˿
̧ʢ۵ףԷ۵׵ɫһ£ܾѹֵܹ˳ŴоԳܣʶر˻ȥˡ
ʦΪβһʦҪÿĶࣿС˵
ΪҺÿʢôһ䡣
ȻˣƽͷһԵ꣬ʢʵܷ⣬ֱ˳ģһۼʢ䣬úÿֻʱմʢҲзʶԶ룬˵ʢò
ţԽԽϲüĻ˭ϲء
ˣʢǵûиˣϢƺ˼֣Եɣʶرˣȥ͵͵ʢָ
ʦ֣㲻Ǻÿ˵ÿ˺ܶ࣬ÿġ
ƽǳβͣβһѾֺõˣҪߵ꿪һЩ
ȻԱߵֻƳһۣһζûд
㲻ҪҰϴβ˵ˣƽסʢָʹЩʢô졣
ʦ֮ǰ˵᲻ҡ
ƽȦʢ䣬ȦŵŲסͣ˫ڳ۵ףͻȻ㱻סˡ
ĲۣĪе죬Щţ֪ʢʲôʢ۵ףܸоԼ·ʱܱȥ
ûһᣬʢɿΧĵѹʧǣ˿ջ
ʢ˼ʢǣʢʦ֣Ҫȥ
ʢؿ˿ڣɤ䵭ȥ׬ӡ
Ŷһȥδ׬ӣ
ʢûлش⣬·˶࿴ۣΪʢ.Ƥߣʢһ𣬾һ˹֡
Ѿˣֵĵڴʱ¯ƽ࿴ۣʢȥˡ
ЩϲȺĵģ˳Ŵ˴һʢ䡣
΢΢ͷһƬ֮ɫķŵʢ䴽ߣеָһۣʢҧָ⡣


 89  Ҫ
ƽָ⴫ȵĴ, ҧָһ飬ϸһĨ, ֪ԸΪλмܲס
ʦ֣㡭ʢ, ȵʢɿ̾Ͱ˻ȥЩн
ŵģ͵͵ʢһ, ʢҲڴ, ʢĿ⣬Ǳһ£ջߡ
ƽ˿, ʵ, 𣿡
Ե͵Ӧһ𡣡
ƽͷĿ⣬ǴӴ߹һȦ, Щ, ϻʱĿѲӡ
дԷ˵Ĳǵ, 
ǰһﱻסĸоֳָ, ƽЩκģӱǼⷢһ򵥵ڡ
Ϊŵ, ʢ䲻ǣߵһЩ, ڳһȦ, ˷бԵĻǺӡ
Ǻӱͣ˵ĶǴ, ˵ǻǺӣʵڽ׵ĸͷ˾ӳ˻ҲϸţÿһǵĻﶼܵϸܿء
а˻Ķ̹һһᣬҲǳǮȽ϶ģʳЪϢ
ʦ֣ǲȥѰ𣿡ƽЩ±Ƶʡ
ǷڳƵһȦȷһû
û
ƽȻûıûôšаħޣ൱Ƕķǰļ
ΪλûǴһûĳ
ƽоʮֹŹ֣ûûаζҪͨһıҲֻͨյĹռһֵơ
֮ǰҹţǾҹܹ
ܹҲ
ű۾ǰ㣬ûʲôȻ˵ûˣܿҲ
޴ͣڰߣݣﶼװţĶˣǴŴֲѣƤɹڣ˳Ьڵ棬ˮ
ʢֱ룬ֻվ˾òӦó⣬ӦڳǷڹųãӦµ״Ԫɡ
ƵƵǿƽע⵽ˣЩ⣬֪ʢòãЩ˵Ŀ͸¶Щճ壬оθ
ǰһ㣬סʢ䣬ûʢߣȫסԼָⱻסĴС
Сõġ
ƽ"С"ЩŤʢ亰;öЩ˼ġŶһÿһ㡣
һͬ˹´ʢ䣬ԵĴɣɵﲻûҪĶܳԿġ
ʣµĻû˵ΪԱ߾жѻʢ׾ٵؿڼϣҳ˹±졣
ƣˣ
ʢ䡰šһҪһ䵥ӡ
̶۵ţԵģ
ƽһ䣬ɦɦ⣬ʣµûˣΪһվţ˶࣬ǿ׬ǮĶ̹û·ײһ£˺ü
˼û°ɣԷ˼ϵ
ƽһĻң˵ˡû¡ԷǰŨصĺζ.ζһʶرס˺
Ҹոûע⵽ƽûзӦԷһƣ˱һ㼦Ƥ̱ջ֡
˵û¡ƽʶȥʢķǰƤڣຩʵתĪĺ¡
ߺܿ챻ءһʢýʴ˵֣˱ʢ䵲סߡ
Сֵܣû˼ոײϸƤģиʲô¡
ط˴ģҪˡ
Ƥڵ˺ٺЦڵһڣЬ룬ȻԼʳˡ
ƽڲԼ϶һȦӡϻճĴУЩܲˣԼ˵ྻ
ڻ÷ûǾͻò˷ˡ
ʦ֣ƽסʢһӣоʢǳãסʢ䴹ɤ˼֡
󣿡
ƽšһСҲϲոտҵҸоò
оڿʲôƷһ;Ʒ
һ㶯ֶš
ɵнǧƽ֣ǳ֣ʢ϶Ͱ˶̹Ҳû׬
˵ʢһᣬá
ƽͷʢģʢȥָǵСݣ֪ʢθ̸ģ´Ӧˡ
߶̹ЪϢĵطǳƬһһסһʮˣӽļ򵥣涼Ǵ̣ͨЩ涼ܹŵѬ˵ĺζͽųζ
ƽʶسʢǱŲһ㣬ʢģôϢ
·߿˷ײˣ⼸һ𣬲֪˵ʲôϴЦ
һ۾ջߣע⵽ʢŲ΢һ٣ָܿ糣
˵ոչСӡӸߵǸøһһͲƲ磬ҿһֻֿ϶ǡ
ҿ˵۹⣬һ϶Ȼòôһ.ٵģϸһֻ־סŤ϶.ɧ
ģҷһѣбõ˿Ҫã϶
˺˼֣Ц䣬йµĹ˶ɢˡ
ƽŵǵСݣʢѡһȽƫƧģԶ˵СݣֻһӣֻһڵϵӣµŵĻǵݡ
ֻһӣȻʲôҲûˡ
ƽԼͳ򣬳ǧ겻ó֮ͱͨ򣬿ڻܹȼմ
Ҳֳۣ࣬ȼһɢĵĹ⣬.Ƥ߲Щƣ˳ֱ.Ƥ߳ˡ
ʦ֣ձҪܸܲһȥ
ƽźŤͷʢվţڰһĿ΢ͣƬ̣ɤ䵭
ܡ
ƽЩ˼ܲʢɻԱ߿Űɡ
ʲô
һͬȥߴţƽоԼϱָչԹԲ˲ʢָСʣÿ춼Ҫ.Ƥ𣿡
ˣʢ̧̧ƤڳһīɫٿȻסָ⣬㲻
ϢͻȻ˼֡
ƽʢƵʱˣǰʢ䶼ǻĽ͵ģЩ֣Ҳû˵ʲô
֪ʦΪãԹԵϴ
ûв룬ǴŲоơ
ʦֱѽ
Ҵˡ
ʢ䴹꣬ױ˫ںڷӳ۶Ρ
ǲ˿㣬ʢɤܵͣҲǿ㡣
ƽƶǶءŶһʢĸ࣬ûзоʢĦա
Ϣߣ΢΢õһƿơǽܵʢ΢Ŀ⣬괹ƤǳĿڳָһظ޽ǡ
С
ɤʹţĶ˼֣ߵૡ
Ҫ



 90  
ƽое, ӶˣʢĿ⣬΢, ɰͰ͵˵һá
ʦ֡лú˵ǣҪô
΢ǰ, ӲؿڣЩƲԼסˣʢû
ʢϢƽЩ, ɿ, ָķ˿ҪЩϢ
Ŷ, ƽ֪첻Ҫ, Ҫʢһȥʲôʵ, ʦ, ûǻ᲻Ͳ÷ˣ
, ʢ, ƣҪǵķ, ܹǱúͨһ
䡢, Ҳһ
ƽµ, Щ, ʢĿ⣬ֱֻҪʢһһа취ܳ
ûʢ䲻֪һŷ͸磬
ƽһѱ죬ЩǹɻģôΪ׼رõıӣ
һѣʢǰڱһ㣬ס˳ʪıӡ
ƽŤͷһʢ䣬ʢԵκֶܵһ䣬ʦֲ˯
ʢҡͷûʣҪʦֹȥ˯ǰţ˯ŵʱ۽Ƴʲô
ƽǽ촦һ棬ץøʢ俴ʦ֣ӡ
ƽİѳˣɿʢ䣬ʢܿ֡
ʦ֣ųȥҿ˯š
ʢ䣺
ƽע⵽ʢЩԸ⣬ŲʢԸԸ⣬˳ʢ䣬һЩСҪʢ䵱ȻҲҪסʢ󣬰ѳӷŽʢ
ҪˣȻúܳ󡣡
ƽջ֣˸ǷۿʢѳӴŷֱ˳ȥ˯˹ȥ
˯֮ʢһţĲһᣬڷʧ
ڶ첻ӱ߾ʹˮƣ࣬һȦ󲿷ֶȥȥˣȥ˻ûͷ
ӱߺãƽҲʢˣųĶӣŵͳһ롣
Ҳǹ£࿴ϡȺģʳһһͷľûˡ
ƽʢ˸䣬ɵʵóԷڻǴǵֻǻعˡ
һ࣬Χϡϡվţܹۡ
û˵ǱһͲˣ˵ˡ
ļٵġ
ֹˣмԵ޹ˣڻûв
ƽһ䣬ԼȲ꣬ͷӲҲԲ꣬ȫʢ䣬ʢʣµͷʣµҲһˡ
ǺʱȺɧԶ˽һƽȥ֣˸߰˰ˡ
ˣʬںҵģһҹƤɫ࣬ɢŸõζһȦԵٺۣ׿򣬹Ǳ֮ӽ˺
ƽȥһۣЩ⣬ܹϳǰһײǸˣ˻ǰһĴֲѾûϢ
˱ǳģ΢΢͹Ŀ·𿴼˼µĶ
ֹƽһ𹴴Ǽ˵Ҳ˸첲ȣ֪ǵ˭
ƽҲ۸ˣⱨӦ˰ɣԱһڣǻá
¿в˭ɵģ
Ĳȥ˻һ̹б󣬻׾ٰģҲҲ
ƽʬһᣬЩ£ʶسʢǱ߿˿ָ⳶סһʢӡ
£ʢ
ƽͷС˵ʦ֣Ѳɻרɱӵٷ
ֻôһ̹Ǯ࣬ǻ϶ûطţЩŹ󲿷ֶԼš
϶̹ûʲôע⣬㱻ɱҲû˻£ϾǴ󲿷ֶ޹ʣ֮ģҲ᳣ɻ
ƽЩģʦ֣˰뿪ɣﲻȫ
ʢ俴һᣬšһ˵˸á
߲һᣬܿ˾ɢˣ˴̫գƽ£ڱ߱߿ʢææȥ
ʢ俴ݣܴ΢΢¶׵ԭ˶ʢ󿴣ؿʢ俸ʳʮ֮˶졣
¶࿴һһ뱻ʳŷɳȥľԼ
ƽŶۣǿʢоʢɻҲ˵ĬԵģֻżһķһֱԭվţͼɻȥˡ
ע⵽һ̶ģԼ߱óһЩͭǮʢָġ
ԥһᣬְͭǮŻȥˣһ֯Ʒģۣ˺ӱߵһƬ«έ
ʢʱʱضҪһ۽䴦꣬ģһ¹ǰһӦ䣬Ťͷȥʱûҵꡣ
ԭ̴֮߳⣬һЩи˼ִֵҲġ
ƽȥ˼«έСӣЩ֮ǰÿεʱ򣬸ѧģǷϵһɲݣ«έԴ档
֪ܲĳȥ˼ֻСţûһỹ˫ٵС
Ǹ˼ңС˳ϵӣԱߵ̱ʼ۸
Ǯһƽûлʲôɱֻʢһ̶ֲ뻨ʢǮȥѾǳˡ
ǮСʣӳҸӣܲܰЩҡ
ƽֱţȴܿɰӿֺģִִקקβͻ֧䡣
ӱͭǮҪֵǮΪβҪƽȻԸ⣬СﱧһˣֺǺǵӣŻȺ߬һЩġ
ΧҪ˿ˣôһڲԶһϤӰ
ʦ֡
ƽΪ˵ģСܵʢʶҪȥע⵽ʢˣͣ
ʦ֣׬ӡ
ױһóӸʢ䣬ֻһЩʦ֣ҡ
ʢ仹ӣ˳ſȥﻹһֻûбӣȱ˸βֺͣЩ
Լӷˣûһֻһ̶
ƽǴЩЦݣƼ룬«έָţʦ֣ǲǺۣҷſкܶ˶ȥ²¶Ǯ
ԭΪǮһ룬Ѿܱˣû뵽һǮһ롭Ҳǣ̹Ĵ඼᲻ûǮƺû򡣡
쳢
ƽһ˵ûûˣʢӹ룬˳飬ҿǱ߿«έҳ˻СӣС⬺С꣬ҪȥЩӦҲû򡣡
ʢ䳢һڣָ΢˳ʣ𣿡
֪ʢԼ׬Ͷιʦ֣úÿġ
̧ȥʢ仹ڶ۽һӰδش⡣
һᣬʢŵһڡ
𡣡


 91  ʦ
ƽЦ, ҲӦʢֻһڣʣıƵߡ
˼Ǹȡ
ʢĿ, ܾʢЩ⣬ѳʣĶʢ, ʢԼȹ̶
ҲôˣʣµĺˣоߵϢ·𶼸ˣָʢָ⡣
ʦ, 㻹ûлشҷŵ⡣
ʵ֮ܲ«έɵС
ʢķ˿, С
ʢû˵ʢһɣʢ, , ҿ㣬᲻ġ
ðɣƽҲûв, ûд̽, ʢűȽϺá
һʢûʲôϢʱ, ֻһԷʱ, ͷ໻̲ˡ
һ߿, ΪԵʣʢҪһЩ, ƺΪʢȷʵܸ, Ҳû˵ʢʲô
һֱڲæ, ƽһֱڣʢȥ칤ǮһǮ
ʦ֡ۿʢ䳯ȥæһûʢʲô֪ʢ᲻͵͵ִսţûŵŵζ
ֻϵ÷ûˡ
ʦһǲǺۣƽվһ죬С˵͵͵һ£ҲǺأҪҪҺʦһɻ
ҪʢסЩ̫ʢ俴ʢ˸棬Ĵصĺۡ
ƽʱЩΣϴֲڣһСĲȥġ
һûע⣬ֻǿˣʵôۡ
ʢ俴û˵˫˫ۣ˵ʲôˣ۱оЩۣʶı֡
ʢɿû˵ʲôǣ뿪˺ӱߡ
ǣţ·ֵֻܣ뷻вԶƽҪȥС
ʦ֣Ҫȥ𣿡
ʢ䡰šһѾˣк֣ﲻϹŵĵתԶԶȥƻ׺һӡ
Щˣӿǹʲô
ܿ죬뵽ʲôǣʢʦ֣ǵҲһòףһɻͰ׸ˡ
ƽʢӦʢƽʡԼãǶȴǳ󷽣ͨҪʲôʢ䶼
šʢ俴һģ˶ٵֻȥӡ
ʱƽûôԶƽﱻĵˣôʵͷͿˣ
ƽŶһԭˣʢӣǺÿģôţӱ㹾
ס˶ӣ΢΢ۣʦ֣վԶҲУھȻӣǲܻӰ죬Ҫͨˣ
ȻƽÿͷҲûʲôǱϻǲͬġ
ʢһĶӣšһɢ˻Ӱ죬ϻı䡣
ֻǱ棬ƽ˿ֻҪ˻þͺˡ
ʢǣ˰̣ڵӴůͣͷҧһڣ֭˳
ӱͿ˺ó࣬ƽ㣬ʢǣŻϲĻصǵСݡ
ڷȼָ棬ʵʦ֣ǻҪհ
ãʢ䵽ǰ
ƽ֣ʢ仳ҩƣ֪ʢҪҩָĺѾˡ
ʦ֣ĲҪҰæ𣿡ƽСֹҿôˣоۡ
Ҫͻ᲻ôࡣ
ҩͿ˿ϣʢѹûлش⣬Ȼͬ⡣
ԭһЩۣҩ࿪֮ûôˣ˿ȣʢ˺һᣬĵ࿪Ȼ˸ᡣ
ǰʦְĺᶼܳ󣬽ȴܺÿĻȶž¡
ƽźῴ˺һᣬһ˿ʢĿ⣬ܿ־Լˡ
Ҳۣʢ˶˵һҲŻġ
ƽ΢΢򴽣֪ʢ˵ȷʵԣûзԼĴĺᣬʶԼ֪ʢСϰߡ
ʢۣྻ֮Ϻܸɾ̯˱ϣʵʦֽҪ˯𣿡
ʢ䡰šһ챾˵ģ˯һЩ˯ŵʱ첲Ÿ첲ȡ
ʦ֣˵󵽵ʲô˼Ϊͨˣ֮أʲô
ƽ˯ţԼĴɴܹܵʢĺܹоʢڲĲ
ڶʢ׽ѾϰˣƺЩƵһʢƺҪĸо
ڹ˼ʲôſƣֱò
òܡ
ͨҪ쳾߿࡭ϲ룬Թᣬ󲻵ãŲ£ʢ
ʢ˫ۣڳ۵ӳһ֣
һûƽ˼֮ûˣֹŵӶһѾɣ᳤١ҲôȥĹҲΪ
ʣµļ֣ûоοʢҲϲʲôµء
ӦɣúõĻţۣˡвʦ뿪ҡ
֪ʦгδʦҪԼĵ壬ŵҡ
ƽſյݶ˵˳ʦ𡭡ƺǷ࣬ǷֿǧɣǶûа취ܾ
Щң뵽ʲô˵ʲôһС
изĻ飬ԼԷȥҵˮδ⿪ĻûŪô¡
ʵҺܺ£ʼ»ʦڣ㲻ˣʦֱұĶ࣬϶Ҳ࣬ƽҲԸ˵
ƽ˵ô࣬ʢʢһδ
ʦ֣ʢỽһ
ʵ˵ô࣬˼ֻһʢֻͱһ㴰ֽһֱʢ࣬в˼ɡʢܹ׿ҲԸ׿һС
Ը޷˵غʢһ
˼ݱҹеһյֻҪһŵȼҹ
Ӵ˻⣬һη嶼Ե΢
ƽ۾ģҹĻпʢ䣬߷·ܹԼ
յĵͰǳİ·ֻʣˣﵹӳű˴˵Ӱ
ʢţûЩֻĿЩʧ񣬵૵ǡʲôǵˡ
漴΢̵ЦЦĲԣڰûǰڴ귢֡
ѪδСԸ𣿡
ұ𣬱ס
ͳɤдЩպ壬ƽʢκʲôӦʶҪظһáֵ˴ߣͻȻһëȻ֮⣬󴦵ĺһսһһµĻȡ
·ֻҪ˵һá֣̱۶


 92  Ҳᡭ׵
ƽһ, ˲㱻ʹעû̻ظǿ󴦵ĺߡõо, ȴûκӡӣʹ·Ǵӹġ
۵õһ, ָ΢ףԭձƣʢüšôˣ
С
ƽ촽˶, ۡ
, ʢס󣬼һδʲô⡣
ۣ
ƽû취ش, Ϊֲ, ܹ߻ǽرţھ
˳ſʢ󴦵ĺ, Ǻúõ, ˣǽŵ, ʢȴɿġ
һ
ƽôһ, ȫûˣβ׵Ĵз·, 󶼸ŷʶЩҡ
Լڲ֪Ĵ, Ѿ˵֡
ָԼ, , ָֻţЩңʢҡҡͷ
ѾˣΪǰ˿ڻûкá
ƽô˵ԵٴΪһذţоЩս
иоսĲŴˣ󴦵ĺһֻǶһ£Ǵ
ЩĪ⡣
ΪκڷŻᶯʢ·𲢲֪飬ƺܹͨ߸ܵ˵ܹܵһ˼¡
ƽЩ⣬ϵڻζʢ۵ף濴һ˿ڴ͹ſڣǸáȴ˵ˡ
һСŸов̱ʱǲˡ
ʢ俴һᣬ󴦵ĺٴζһ£ܵӰ죬ĪĿЩۣЩԴ
Сں˼ʿܿʢߣʦ֣ЩЪϢɡ
ջҪ𡣡
ʢĿͣ˺һᣬʲôҲû˵˺ϱߣһҹ
һҹû˯ţĿһֱۣۣյĸɬۣʢָʱָоǿҡ
ԭȻܣʵ۵Щܲˣ΢ʢԶһЩûôˡ
ԭʢǱģһֱԵŲֱӹȥҲֻӣ˯ϡ
һҹ춼ˣԭ۵ûôˣ˺ü죬ѾٿʢˣһʢЩۡ
Ļû
վÿյʢ䣬ʢɻʢûʱΪӣϵʱȥϲԵġ
ǹǮĶ̶࣬⣬̶ڴݼ˿˿ĻǴ湻Ǯٴձ뿪
ƽȺ̶⣬ԭʢ飬ָγ䣬ջ֡
ˣԼ԰ɡ
̧ͷʢ䣬ʢһߡճеܶ࣬ƺΪǣеûȥõ⣬Ϊ̫࣬£
ƽȥЩϳǴڡƼݣϴſºͻҰܣûǵʱ
ʱϣž뿴ǣҲָоʵģһֻĸо
ʢջߣʢԭ·ء
ԺﻹûпǻʹģȻУԶײһ
Ƿɧҡ
ƽײһ£˵û£̶ⱻײõˣҺøֽţƽ
Աһֻں֣ںײ̶ֱ⣬һڷСģ̶תȺоͲˡ
񷢷ˡ
ƽֱ϶һںָӡסʢܿ뿪ԭء
ԶۼĵطƽʱŷӦԱߵʢҪҪȥ򣿡
ãƽԼ󴦵ӡӲˣС죬ǽûгԵĵԵ֡
ʦ֣Щǻǿģ
ʢ俴һ۲ԶѹѹȺδԶڳǳؾͷȥɫǱȾһ룬ֲ֮С
ǣʢһῪ˿ڣָԴȻȥ
ƽԶҹ︽ƺٴηɧңҹʱƺ˲ҽΪʢ䲻ҿ㰴סԼĺģֱڶ֪ʲô¡
̹Ⱦ˹ּϱ㷢ڶһ̯ˮ
ƽԶԶĸȺţĿֻȺʢ߿ЩǴ磬ȴġ
̹ûоۼãܿ͸ȥԼĻˣƽ´šԶʢ䣬ԭûʲôȫЩģоЩվס
ǣƽо·ղϣǰʢζӰʦ֡ɤ俨Ĳϲ¡
ҪɤȴʹôҲȫʧѾȫźһʦ֡
۵ǰһ̣ԶӰ΢סĺתдЩ
ιȥˡ
ƽٴʱѾԭĵطһİӳЩ¾ˣǱ˴ɨĺܸɾ
ЩѣĿڴ齱ߵָϣϿȥһϤ
ʢ䴹ָĶͷ΢˶иоﲻ
ﶼܡƽſڣоɤӸɬָȫûһ۵ģƤر˺ѣѪҪӿܣ·ʲô
ʦ֣ôˣƽʢߣоԼĲԾ˵ÿֶܷѾĺܼѡ
ǰһû˯ãȾ˷纮ʢָգ˺һᣬȻɤ۾ͲҪ˵һᡣ
ƽѾգգۣоԼշǳȣԼһ£̵ֱˣڻȻȾ纮𡭡
ָ⶯һ¶ǳļѣԼְַʢıӰʢȥûжþͻˣһҩ
ʦ֣ʲô
ƽҪȴû뱻һߣʢ俴˼ָա
ҩʢҩ˵ߣŵһŨҵĲҩζţʶҪŤͷ
˱㲻ˡ
ƽûʲô˶ָ⣬оԼǸȾ˷纮Ⱦ纮Ϊȫۣҩɤ˻ơ
ʦûƭңҾáҲǷ纮ǻΪ֮
֮ǰʢ䲻˵ûпܻᾭ࣬ȴӲʼ
ûƭ㣬ҩãʢ׵ݵߣɤ˼֣ԸȣҪι㣿
ĸιԶƽоĿһۣⶼۣʢ亰ֲۣˣʵʵؿʼҩ
ҩ֭һһڵغ꣬ƽоۡʢĿ⣬ڻһЩʵʦ֣
ڳ
ʦִ˶̹
ʢ䡰šһŴϵ꣬ԼԼģ
ʱƽվӣ»һЩƤ⡢ѪӿģԭѪ⣬ĺɫġɫãȫҪɴ
Сú£ʢָƤɤ˼֣ڣһֱ㡣
һ仰ᣬž
Ҳᡭ׵


 93  ûʦ
ƽҩ֮˶˯, ƺʢĵûʢ˵ʲôֻʢĴһһ, 졣
Ŭȥ˰䡣
ڡһһֱ㡣
ƽƤ΢ز˲, ָرɿİЩ˯˹ȥ
˯Ҳȣ׹һƬŨĺڰ֮, ֻܹһƬѪȾĺɫ, ߵĺ޾ĺڰ֯һеĺһڰͼơ
ɫڿȼ, һֻ, ֻԭǱŵģʱȴڰͽȻ۽, 䡢ڳ, ͸¶ŨĹ졣
ƽվԭûֻ΢΢Ÿ, ű, һֱԷǳġ
󡭡ģ
Ʋûлش, ڰȼմΪҷɢ
ƽԺЩ, Щ, ˵Ի, ҲûܵԻ󡭡ûܵԻ
ûз֣ǻʵĿģ
һûûնʹûŵĳһСʧȥʧȥŵӵݣͨˡûзʲô£ǣȾϹּ֮ȾϷ纮
ԡﲻԡ
ƽȻ˫ۣǰһƬڰΪżһʱûע⵽Լ۾ðһ亹ʶغˡ
ʦ֡ɤ˼ָ֣⣬߬Ա˵½ǣʢ͵ӦһС֮ǰȾϹּĶ̹ôˣ
Ȼ˶ʵǲ˶ȾͬĹּ
Щɡǲȷ
ͻȻ޳ʱΪаһǣȾϹּǻᴫȾôѾܹԤϵǸһ𡭡ʲôأ
аǧǰ㱻Ѿа䡭Ϊųǰ
ʢһûлشĬĬϵ˼ָЩǲǣ
ãʢ䡰šһѾϣе񶼱𣬹ּȾĺܿ죬ûвԴͷ
鲻Դͷζû취Ƴƽ֮ʱȾֻ·һ
ƺ֪ʲôʢգصģȾϵĲǹּȾϹּͨһ졣
ѾˣҲûлɺˮ
ƽİοЩָ߬ʢ½ǣ۾գһ£ԼǰĶģӰ
ʦ֣㻹ǲǵϴ޳ǼģаŰһǡɺ𣿡
ǣʢƤżȻб
ƽҲǣоԼ۾Щ嶫죬ʵʦ֣ɼ
⼸ûʳΪǰһƬڰ
ܷ·𶼰ԶԺҶɳɳζʢЩ㶣оԼʲôøˣ·ҪƿƤ֯
ʦ֡
ƽƽԼ۾ʢҵ۾ˡ
оʢָƤƽʢָⶼȣΪʢС¯ȴ䣬Ƥϣֻ
ƽǰȻʧȥӦ˵һḶֻ́ӳٶۣһӦҲһЩһᶼûзӦ
ʧȥӾйٱʢƺˣ֪ȥʲôָ˸ա
ʦ֣
Ϊῴʲô󵽵ʲô
˵Ӧ룬ûԼȾϲûʧȥ
ƽоԼԴЩʹ벻ףԼԼ̫Ѩ˺һᣬֺһʦ֡
ûһ˶ʢֹܿˣŵҩݵζ˯ǰȵһ룬ֻζҪŨһЩ
ҩߣƽܹżֱˡ
ʦ֣ʲô
ʢû˵ֻǶҩܺá
Сʢָ⣬һ£ܵʢָ˶٣Щܣʦ֣ƺʲô֪
ҲڣǷڣֻܸʣһˡ
ǰʦֵĺůͣʦֱġ
ƽˣȥʢֱȣЩȣעʦֵΪαˡ
ܱ䣬ʢɤ䵭ֱˣȥͱࡣ
ϲȺʦ֣ƽϲʢ䣬ˣʢȺģȥ·ܸоȡ
ǹǻˣƽֻô˳˵һ䣬Ȼ뵽ʲôһ㼦Ƥ񣬻Ӳ
ƺǲµʲôʢ䲻᲻صһĶ䣬Ȼ˼룬ظһҩˡ
ƽﰲοԼڻҪһ㣬󵽵ʲôȥߣҩ֭ˡ
ʦ֣ҩұܺ𣿡
ƺô򵥣ĸˡƽСֹΪ֮ǰƣϷ֣ʶذһ
ģʢķ˿ʵΪʲôͻȻ뵽޳ǡ
Ϊ֮ƽһҩɬζڴ֮ӣһ𣬲ֱ³
ʦ֣ÿࡣƽڣ˳ֱҪסʢҪͣʢ䲢ûйжݵߡ
ˮ
ְʢɿʢֺڣˮɢЩζʣҩһˣ֮ʢι۽
۽˿˿ģڴ֮仯ʢָ⣬һʱûע⣬һԱܿЩʢȴûջָ⣬һֱ߲š
ǰûзʢϲռˣÿʢָ⣬ҩˣܿ˯ȥ
ļ۾ûãʢչ·ʢΪģûڱͨˣʢÿմԵĻʱᱧȥ͸͸
ǵһԺӣܹɣҲûǼʧȥжָ軨ľҶ
Ѿήˡ
ʦ֣֮ǰ˵ձãƽʢҲ֪ô£⼸ܸожҪ泤֪ʲô
Ǿһֱ
ƽ۾ſήĲ軨оԼձʢɤᡣ
ã㲻һֱҴһ𡣡
Ҳͨ˵ӡ
ƽ΢£ܾʢһֱһ𣬵󴦵ĺ߲Ǵκ߶֮ûô侲ˡ
Ǻʱӻȥ
ܾʢƺ֪γȥʢ䲻Ը⣬ǳȥ
Сʢ뿪
ƽǲһֱ
ȲǣҲûá
˵仰ʢĿϱЩʵǣ
ǻǿģƽȷӱûôֻ֮ܰǰϵһ
һεҲؿ޳Ǹˡ
аһǣȴΪûа취ֹӿ˳ǳصĸ鶼а
һͨˣеĹּƺ޹أͬȾ˲֪ʲôĹֲ
û˾ȵǣѾڹȥĳӣʢǣָ⣬ظһ飬ûܾȵǡ
а޷ɽ⡣
ƽ̫ĿֿʼˣɫسԼ֣ԼָԼָ⡣
ĥߴϵʱʢ˯ͬһŴʢҪĲдԷҧĲ¿ȻһĹѪ
ЩͷƤ飬ָʢһƬǻ˻е¶ȡ
Լ½󣬳֮⣬ʢġ䴩˯ָ½ԵϵʢΪϵʱһҲ׾
ҹǳžЩʧһֱû˯ţȻûȴƿ֪˶ãָ΢ȥԵˣƤ
ܵʢƺһ£˳ŻʢĲסˣ֫㱻סˡ
Ϣ˼֣ϢߣЩۣƺһԷϢߣǵૣС
ǳѣһ㰴಻סһҲ֮ǰǰ㶯Ӳֲ֪롣
СҪ㡣
ƽЩָԭ߬ŶԷ½ǣϸ׵ָǷףָһ£½ǰ˵Ŀڡ
յģû

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лҪ˵
¼ľɽ


 94  ʦֺܱ
ƽָЩ, ʲô׹ߡ
ԷϢɤ˼, ߻СƽָʶȥԼڴ齱ߵĽ
ڿ, ָ˰ĽУûʲôܹܵϵĿ⣬Ϣָ, ˱ĽС
ж׼ǰ, ˣܹܵԷϢ֪Լʲôģ
ϵֻһѩ׵¡ݲԡ, ˫ʧȥԭĹ, յһһӰ촽΢΢ѹ, ϸ׵ָذ, ŷġ
ŵ´Ȼ޴档
ƽɫѪָ֣Щ, ʱǰ˲Լʦ, ʮյദϸ˼֡
β׵ٴһɾ⣬вõĲ²⸡ֳ, ʢ֪ˡ
εԺ뷨ָսذ, ѹĲ־塣
㲻ʦ֡˭
ϧڿ, ֪Էı仯, Է˽ǣȻ֪Ż֪Ƿ¡
ңȻûв
ƽմǽһ亹ϸ΢Ķذǰ硣
С˵ʲôʢɤ䵭㲻ң
ƽû˵ָ⻹߬űأȷǰ˲ʢ䣬ʢ䲻⡣
˭ƽ˱ۣһʼˣһ֣۵һ̾Ϳʼˣʱһ˼ıǼٵġ
ʱ۵ζԷδκβԣڻʱʢ˵ĲʥԼ磬Ǿҹߴ߹ģЩϢܹ׵õ
ƽˣҲѾˣĵʢʵʦ֡
СԷں֣ڽĹѪƺǰҲ˾ôѾʲôǲˡ
ӦӦǴ˿к
ƽоԷҪذʶǰͣ㱼ʲôһƤжǳѪζ
ﰲƽŵѪϢذ׵ָԼⷢԺҲЩѣΣָ
СҪ
ǰ˵ظһ䣬ָ΢ʹѵҪģ
㲻Ҫ򵥵ӣǹƽ˼ҵܹһֱߡ
˵ʲôƽſڣָ΢ףû㲻ƭҡ㵽˭
Ϊλ֪
þõûлӦƽоԷĿϣЩĪ
ٴοڣɤ˻˼֡
Ӻδġ
Ȼһףըڶߣƽذס顱һڵϣָʧȥˣԭزܶ
ûû£ϵĺÿƽо·ʲôԼ˵ɤӷ·˴мÿһ֣ǴӺġ
ʦֺܱô뵽ģƽоԼı仯ɤʲô
մʪϢӴ͸ưõĴ꣬ԷûпڣϺһᡣ
ÿȵҩܹаʴ֮ʹ
ƺ֪顣
ߴһ̾
ƽ˸OO@@ĶҲûпȥעˡˡа䡱֣ߴһǻѹյʹһȫðʹ۵ԭؼܶ
ǧֻڿѪ⣬Ѫܱ˺ٺϣʹȻģ̱ʧȥ۵Щ֧Ųס
ڶߣƽɫףҪ.ȴû취ٷǴǱϣ۵û취ֱ壬΢΢ֱӴӴȥ
ʦʣһûܺƽһθʹҪ۵ιȥͷĵ˴齱ߵĲ輸ϸоȡ
ϵһƤѩףʱմѪΪʹһ𣬿һУ·Ѫжϳĺ
ʹҵ֮һھѾܲˣ
ƽǰһƬڰоԼ򢱻סۿһƬʪȣָڵĥѪԷ߬򢣬Ҫ顣
Է¶ԭɤɤƳ䣬ƺ˹ɤӡΪʹֹͣ˼ָʶҪȥһԵذס
´ټңܾûôõˣһûôǣڵૣСǻټġ
ƽоԼ򢱻ɿʹĿŵذٴε䣬ָһسڵϣǰܹ
ǰǳӰԼƣĺɫģȥЩڻ־һĺҲȫǡ
ǰľһɢǰԶȥؿųǳزСԼһƬ׹
ǳػһ޴ͼƣͼƱɭǰȼջΪҽ
ʧȥʶ
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ٴѹʱ·һجΣȻ˫ۣһϤĳ³ۡ
ƽЩ±ƣЩûӦоԼһǳΣ̧һű
ʹˣˡ
ƽûעˣǰʢ䣬ʶĺ£оһ飬ίิӵ
۵ȥĸо·ڣƽʶرȥסˣûʢ䣬ʢס
ʢĿ⣬ʢдЩѹֵ壬һ˲ˡ
ʢѾ֪ˡ
ʦ֡ƽſڣʢ˵ʲôע⵽Χնʹطһʯ
ʢΧϢѾ䵽˼£˶ܿѹ˵ʱᱬ
ࡪѩ̹ˣû߽Զһնʹŵ
ʹˣ˾ҹߡ
Դƽ˳ſȥǰһ޴ˮҹߵӰ棬ҲǺǲʯ
ҹɫȥôãƺӦʲôԭͣתͷˮߡ
֪ΪΣƽþҹһ۾ڿһԭЩ㶣ܿҹߵӰʧˡ
⡣
޷ƾھҹҪ̤һ̣ѹǧһѹž
ҹָסؿڣʲôȻ³һѪת·ܹˮˮޱĮꡣ
µһ𣬾Ǿ쾳ĴܣҲδؿסһҲôϰ
ʢ䡭ҹ߼ˣһ˿ԭرЩ͸һ˿ԭɢ
ʯû˵նʹԼĸʹӣʵڵϢĮ꿪ڡϸ΢仯˻󣬲ڶ̶һ֮˽е󷨣ܣһһһ֮תơ
ʵɲ⣬ԲС
ֻ˳ź
ʢ俴ˮƤ΢̧һῪ˿ڣܲԶЯʥֻҪʥֻܴҪʬ塣
նʹѩȥɽѲ飬Ҫˣץġ
նʹӦһǡȫԭʧ
ƽԭվţûвκβʣֻ˼Щңһ߿ţµʢնʹˡ
ۿʢҪߣ̱ȥѩںûдһ·ʢ䡣
ʢԭСԺȥԺű顱һϡ
һؿϣƽʢ䣬ϴ
ʦ֣ƽ΢ĬĬԼȭʢ䣬ǳ˵ҲԷˡ
Բ𡣡
ʢûдԼһˮˮ֮ûкȣֵһƺƽԼ顣
⣬鿴ȥҲƽˮһһֱдءһ
ڵϣ̼ķѡ


 95  ǻס㡱
ƽһ, ֪ʢ䲻ǹģЩ£һƽ
ʢ俪˿ڡ
΢ֱ, Щģĵʢ, ЩţĬĬ˾ؾʢˡ
ȷʵĲԣ˻Ǯ, ʢ䲻ˡ
ʦ, Ҵˡ
ƽһɢϢָ꣬⣬ᳶʢһ, ɤЩ, ʵһӻʢ˵
ָʢȺʦ֣Ÿճ¯÷, Ϥľͷ, ôƣʢ䡣
ôͷҶ, , ҶỹֵġƽƵô˵ʢĿԡ
ʦƽô, ӦҲô
ʢĿϣɤ䵭, ġ
ûϳǲʦ, ƽɤ˼, ʦȣʦ̶ʦ˱ס
ÿ˵һ֣ǰϢ伸֣оʢڱıԵ͡
ȷʵʢ˱ۣɫЩףоԼĿЩۣѹĵ׵˺һŵȫĴ
ǻס㣬ʢ΢ţɤ赭д˵ʵ˶ࡣ
䵭ɤſƵǡ
ƽȴЩסˣǰʢ䣬һ˲еץסǰȴַ·Զ
ʦ֡ʲô˼
ΪҪô˵ƽоƣִĸоˣʢ˵ЩԸʢǻô侲ĸ·һ
޹أҲǣֻʦ֡
ʢ侲ţָĦѵĲ룬ĬһȻ⣬Ϊλϲ
ΪΪͣû취ʶƣʶˣĶѾˣûʲôܸıġ
ʢʱûסʹӦˡ
ôʢûпˡ
ƽû˵ôδΪԼΪͶеΪһֱϲˣȴΪԼΪͶһֱţȴʲôˡ
ʱ˿̲ȷеʶƵʶΪ˺ʢ䡣
ʢ䣬϶Ҳһ
ƽգգۣоؿԽԽƣǼҲЩᣬ໰˵ȴ˵ˣûԼ˵Ŀ޳
ٸʢ޿ʢֻᷳ
ʢ
ƽоԼǰЩģڻﾭһȫԼ˵Ҳûʲô壬ʢһҲԸ
˵ڻаۣ۾ʲôҲΪʢԸ˳ŶԷֻʢ䲻۱ˣԸԱ˺ãһнĻҲΪʦ֡
ǱˣŲ
ʢ䶼ֲʲôʸ˵Щأ
ƽɤӷ·𱻶סϸ׵ָⴹָ࣬΢΢һſ˿ڡ
֪ˡ
˵ʲôֻ˵ĸ֣һҲûеȵʢģԼת뿪
ʢҲûȥԭɮ˹ֻһˣǽҶϿʱ̲סˣžžવµ
ƽԼڽţ۾޵ЩףԼϥǣѳһСţ˺޲ñһʯͷ
ʯͷͲѹˡ
Ģ̦ҲС
۽ɨһѩ׵ĳۣûдΪ̫䣬ûȥ˵
ַ˯˼죬﷢֪ڻûгѣ񿴳ˡ
СӴԼʦܵĴ˵ƤӶõĶࡣ
ûǶԵġ
ǿ޵۾ˣһ·˵ģҪж׿ȥ
ַѧƽʦֵİָԿǡ
ѹʦ˵ĶԣôһҲס㡣
ַ⣺ϲʦǣ˵Ŀ϶
˾ͺˣֵΪˡΪ˿⼸ֵߣַֻ˸˵ֵΪѹ
ַЩӲǵһ£ԼתΪѹԼҺӸű˲࣬־òֵ
ʦʵҲûõģ˼ǲʣ㿴⻹ûһ𣬾ôѹ 
˵ʢĻ㲻ˣһ˫׵۾ɤֵѹ׼˵á
ַ⣺
ΪȲϷޣȲѩӱȲ֮ǰѦ꣬ȲϲʶֵնʹһЩõģ
ʦֶҺãƽã㲻ʢȣ䲻ϡ
ַ⻹˵ʲô۳ۿֺˣǲ˵ˡ
ûһᣬַ⻹ǿ˿ڣɤ䣬ǲ㣬Ҳٴ֮вĴ 
ЩҲͲ㱻ѩߣ֮ᷢ¡
ƽֲɵӣⰲοʵǣǿĶƫǰˣһֱץȻҲоҹ񾭲ԭ
֪˭һһ
ʣĻƽȫȥˣԼڽ˺һᣬֱ洫
Ϊʢ䣬ЩȥţԼûϢ˿һڵӲʢ俴
ֱ⴫һࡱǴѩվЩʧ䣬عȥš
ƽϴѩ²ߣɤܵͣʹˣ𣿡
иʹ˱Ѿǳˣƫƫѩ·׵۾ɫЩ
࣬ڻίˡѩ˵Ҫ۾΢΢ܿˣǱֱû£ʹûµĻذɡ
ԲԸᣬѩȴһֱĥߴ˰죬ĿİͰ͵İҩ͵ĽȻ˱ˡ
ƽûѵҲûʲôģѶϾֻصԼĽ䡣
⣬ǲĺ
ƽַ˵أڿɤûôˡ
ͨӴ˱ˡ
ϾĶһȺеţȻΪ˲ôأΪһһߡ
οмһ˵ķ.ǹţʤһ
ڷ޸˵Ȼ°ܽǷ˶ﻹǲġ
һȺʵֲ˵ĲӬ
ƽ˷ĻظƵءŶһһֱĲ֪ʲôҪʢ䣬ڶˣԼ˱˴齡
ϵĶڰţѾҹʢ֮ûгȥ
ʢҲûй
ƽˣĪԼı飬ſڴûһ˯ˡ˯֮󣬴齱߶һӰ
ʢ俴Ŵϵ꣬Ŀ΢ţѹ
۽ܹɨϱĶ۽һصӰ
Ƭָ֮ĦŴ촽ſ죬ûбĺۼ
͡Ȼǲǣ࣬ȣףֺÿһϸϸؼ顣
һ
ȫָһ顣
ԺʢָմʪЩָգȥĦĲһƬռ
Ƭ֮Ӱڷʧˣϵһӡ
Ǳ档

*
лҪ˵
ԼԤա֮󡷴רɼ
ųŴ壬ʱһԣ˵ĿʲôûУֻ
ʮĿӣʮһ꣬λˣ˽ڣݷʣⱲӶûмôÿˡ
˺һᣬĲʱ˵Ҫ֦ͷˡ
Ÿ˽˹Ϊ׼õʳΪõ¹ڣȥʶˡܶ˶ܺãǿΪԡ
ⱲӶûôܺÿϲڹĵӡ
ֱһ̣֪жǼٵġ
Щ˶ãΪѩ߷Ƶѩغϣѩݵ١
ѩݣ̫ӣòޱȡھƾǣ˰Ľƶ˵ѩ
ѩµ࣬Ϊ˸ѩ׼ʼգѩûпһۡ
ͬһͬһʱǣѩȴûеһС
ۣصʮ걻һꡣ
Ҫúһһ³
һعλ̫ӣѩΪ䣬ƶϵˣѩΪܹһС
Ҳԡ
Ƿһ໹
ps
*1v1,ոŵ㣬he
*x˹ĲŰ


 96  һ
ƽڶҲûг, Щʧ꣬Լڽһʯͷ, һ
Ҳû˵Լ۾, ۾һЩۣˡ
ַ⣺ǲˡ
ǰһؿʢ䶼ʲô˼û˺ѣԼٹ, ȻܻĿûˮһ졣
ƽһֱһ, ûһᣬȥ輸ֽͱʣ·ʱ֪ǲǴ, Щ, ܸоֵֹġ
ЩۣЩֵĸо
ɵӲϲܸͨɾ, һ
Ϊ, ûϸ룬Ҳûչ, Լϵӡֽͱ, ԼĽ䣬ԥԥд仰
д־ò, ͿͿĸģȵԺ, ԼĻ
Ҳ÷⿴, ǵд, ֪󿴵
죬󲻹дһ仰ּŤŤ繷
úҪܱʦ֣Ҫʦ
ַһѪŻںڲϲ£
һֺѪȥˡ
Ҳ֪Ͻˣȥ¶ĵ֣Ҳۡ
껹˿شȥܱŵĻĿڵλá
ƽûڷ̫ãܿȥˣ˽еնʹѾɮ˵ʬ壬Ѿϱš
Լʬڷ޵Ľ⣬һϱ⣬Ҫһǧ
ʢ䱻µųϽȥʻڲûл̽ˣֻԼԺӡ
߶ˣֻʢϤԺں˼룬ʢ䲻ˣҪֿȥɽ
ʢֿ
ţſڴһϤӰ۽ɨʢ䣬ָ΢˶΢΢ѹûп˵
ʢ䲻ǿģﻹһһĶһ䡣
û˵ʢ΢΢ѽϵϣһ
ɤ䵭ѾʹϣͨԽãִǱʲôĻ飬ڣ˺㡣
ƽʢ䱿׾ذϵȥţǼЩᣬû˵
Լһ˵ֻ̲סᡣ
ʢ׵ķ˿΢΢ţΪϵ֮ʣµĽųϺնʹǻҪȥһǣҪɽ
˼ʰ
ƽûʲôҪʰģ࣬ʢ˵ҲûߣƺҪڷ
ȥһʰԼĶ·Щ죬ڴԼĶû٣ע⵽ʢϡ
򴽣ûд
ʢԭվţűֱŵȥʰԼĶ·еԣǰһֻһձ߲·ˣǴ
۾Ҳ޵ˣǵͷԸƤİףβһĨ죬ȥίֺ۸
ƽʰһʰ꣬սʹʢԺӡ
סĵطƫſնʹţԸ˵ʢƺ«ֻǰ·ڡ
ƽһ·ţʢܿţƺԸնʹ֪ˣߵһɽ·
ɽ·ƽߵЩۣԼ屻ĦƽﵹûʲôȴĲܣЩ
һ·ߵ˴ľķֽߣɽ·;Ҫһգչķֽߣǰʢԭͣ
ƽһֱעԼĲʣʢ֪ͣʢΪʲôͣ£Ҳͣ
ǰ΢΢ϥ£΢΢
˼Ҫ
ƽǱСԼҲߡ
УΪʢߵʢ䱳ָʢ鷳
ûжʢ㲻һ䵭˿ڣ岻
ƽһ£û뵽ʢܿʢ仹ͦģɬɬģ仯ĺԣЩж
ɤܵͣЩί
ʦֱңۣһһᣬڻԳš
ַ⿴űռ˻׸жķģĬĬսȭͷ
ʢ䲢ûǿ֮ǣߣָסƽǣţоЩŤʵʢ
Ϊϲһһʦ׽ìֱ
ʢͲй¶۷ʲôһľͷ̫仯
ʢǣţһſ˿ڣϸ㡣
ʦֲ𡣡
ʢԿһۣ䵭ƽûʲô
ûлش⡣
ƽһǱ˸СƲͣ˰죬ۿֺˡ

ľ֦Ҷᣬʢͣ΢ţɿվǰġ
˵ĻƽԴԼĽż⣬ʢ䴩ͬĺѥʢһš
ǲϲˣֱӸ˵ǣƽܵĸоˣʦǰҲϲңΪģʦҲδ˵
㲻ϲңͲҪٶҺˣƽĻ˵ϲңԺҲҪ˵ֻ
ƽۿЩ۽մʪһƬ֪㡭
˵ô࣬ʢ䶼ûпڣӣоԼǸò׹С˶žߴһ¸©ˣʱЩڸʢ˵Щ
һʢί֪ʲôʱʼ·ıܣίʢߣʲôʢ佲ʢ䵱ˡ
̧ʢĿ⣬ʢ䴹ζӰӳʢУһᣬʢſ˿ڡ
Ҳ֪ʢָգĬһҲδ˵ϲ
컹˵˲ˣƽɤܵͣҲãΪͣǲʦֶϲ
ԺŬʦʧҲʦֲϲҡ
ʢ䴽΢ֱҪˣָβһƬƤӴţ䵭ץصܲ
ƽеţʢɤ̶ǰһƬʣǰ֪Լô׿ޡ
ˣߴôһ䵭ĵͻȻ˱ײȺţʢЩӲҲܲȻ
ʢָŻԿǣ¸˳ëصĿޣֵе㲻֪롣
ŻޣҲޡ
Ӧڱꡣ
վûصꡣ
ƽʢؿڵǱ飬ԭֻǿһ˼һ£ͣˣקʢ½һߴһ߲˵вʢ䡣
㡭׼ϲҡ
ʢǸľͷԭΪʢ䲻ӦľͷֻǿһԼ½΢šüšһ
Ȼָ⽩ӲԴ
ҲţƽƤЩףǲԸɿʢ䣬ʢ䲻ſſޣקʢ䲻ɿ
һߴһСίвһ¡
ַ⣺
ʢ䣺


 97  һ
ƽ, ʢ䣬ʢޱһҪȥ, ָҪɿ
ûɿǰһӰմ, ʢָ΢΢գһ
ʢ
ѵˮһһ£ƽЩȫûзӦ, Ժֻһ뷨, еȫһ
һ£ʲôоҲûС
ûзӦʢȻûˡ
ƽ˵, Ҳܽ˳ſȥ, ʢһ㱡죬ߣֱ졣
ת, ƽǣ, һ뻹ίʻΧʢ, ̵ظʢ
һʢĶ, ֳһۣĿͣһᡣ
һ
ƽӦ, ֪ʢȷʵ, ʦȷʵ, ʦ, ʦ͡
Ժֻصһ£ʢһƣԸ˵ϲ
ԭƵڴʱǹ˿˿Ƶǣ˿һػĵס
ʢǣ֮ǰʲôעʢϣܹоʢƼ¶ȣʢָı룬ǣʱеĵ
Щȣʢָ⣬ûһͣʦ֣߲ˡ
߲ʢ㱳˳ʢıʢ䱳ţָ׵ķ˿ʢ⻹ںš
ʦ֣ƽʢĲӣشȥ߽ȻһЩ
ʢ䵭ɤżֽӲҪҶ
ŶƽסʢĲſʢıϣһ·϶ʢ䱳ȥģɽʱʢƺҵ˽·ʱʱʱҪ̡
ǵɽ£һֱЩĲɣһֱڳʢ䡣
üۣȻǱʢĺ촽
ʢʲôоûУԽԽ⣬̲סضʢĴǿ
ĲԶƽ΢ԱŲһ㣬ʢһЩָʢָ⣬Сʡ
ʦ֣ʲôϵ
ʢԭڿƿܣָŷǳϸߣָûˣĿϣ¿һ䵭˵֡
δ򡣡
ƽǰûʲôоڸоеȣ֪ľͷһ䵭Ͳʢһʶˡ
δ
ƽôţҲС˳ʢ⣬һƬƺܽڽȥ
ЩڣպʢŤڻЩûаȫУʶرճˡ
ʦ֣ƽȥʢָ⣬͵͵ʢС֣ȻŲˡ
ʢûйָֻ⣬һ·̲ȥһǣ˯һᡣ
˵ţָƤԺ׼ڱǰޡ
Ҳ׼Ҳ׼ƽûгʢָ⣬һᡰŶһֻʦǰˡ
ҲΪѹ
˵꣬ﰲȥʢĶ䣬һѾˣʵʢǣСֻҪʢġ
ûһס֣ʢ䲻׼Ҷ
ʦ֣㷽ҵʱûиоƽʢ䰴סצӣƤҲЩ˼ܲһΡ
׶ˣʢŮ࣬ںò˽䣬ܺ棬뿴ʢʧصӡ
ʢĿϣһ£Ŀߣ΢ͣһᡣ
ʲôûио
ʦҵʱҶûзӦһ¾ûˣƽָⲻ᲻صشһʢģһ
ʢ䵭һŵ˵ӦΡ
ƽһ죬ûʵС˶飬С˶ʱ׵ѷ֣ǰҲӰ
ࡣ
ʢ˼ʢĿ⣬ʢ΢΢ţЩ˼ʢ䶼˵ϲ
˵δʢ䡣
ƽشչȥȥʢ䲢ûж׵ʶر㹿
ʢýܹżʢϵϢʢüۣ˫ɫܰݽȥ
ʢţŨīɫָ΢ʹܵ˹ƻ󣬴ȥҧʢһ¡
·һźţֹֻʹ˱֧Ųסˣ˽ʢ仳ָ΢΢߬ʢ½ǡ
Ϣݱƣоۣʶر㲻Ըˣӳ糺죬һǰꡣ
ʦ֡
ɤ˵ƽﻹҪϼ֣Ǳһ£˶ǿ컯һ̯ˮ
ԼʲôƣƿأҲܲʢָβ׵λãһĦ䵭ɤߡ
Ҫף
ٴθƽȫѲϷȣβ׵һսĸо֪ʢһģȴ̵鵽
ȵʢſշ̣һ㱡ˮʢ仳ȫû
ʢǲСĲ䵽ߣЩܲˣ΢ԶһЩʢһͷһоԼһۡ
ҧһڡ
ƽҧʱûзӦһᷴӦʢ䣬˵غۣۣ׼ҧ䡣
ˣʢָ΢˶٣ͷһĶ⡣
΢ܿϺץʢ䲻˵ˡ
һ飬ƽһŻϻָЩʢ仳ﲻߺغۡ
ʢ䣬һʢһʢһȥףľͷϢ仯Щ
׼ˣʢ󣬰ַŻԭλãá
ƽŶһԼˣƺûͷƳһʢ䴽ϣһӡ
ԼһСᣬûһ̲ס֣ȥʢʲô
ʦ֣ǻмܵɽ
᲻ʦǣԺǲǲñ֪һˡ
֪϶ܶ˻ҵƽС˵ϲʦֵô࣬һ򲻹
֪غ£Щʢ䱻ߡ
ʢ価ȥԱȺڵ꣬ע߷ȥƲ
ӦңʢɤƽҴ򲻹ΧǼ
ƽʲô˼ڿ˵ǼӦöΧʢġ
ҲǣƽչȥһľͷԽԽϲľͷֻϲʦ֣ʦʲôҶϲ
ʢƳһûлӦĻָԼĲˮգ΢ֱЩ
׼Ϳˮ
ƽðŰģŶһԱſſʢ䵷Ķƺ֮ĶһЩֵֹĶ
һᣬûпףʢĺ棬ֻһյ̨
ʢµʱ򶼺רעӳʢİ߲£Ũһˮī
Ա߿һᣬճ˵ıʣʢ䲻ԸɿչȥҪʦ֡
û׵ʢָߣĶˣһڲϵġ
ʢΪԴϣָĴƢܴ󣬲ϲԼ˽Ӵӣңͷ㡣
صģĳͷΪ棬ʢͣµܽ
ƽһ˫޹ۣЩίؿʢ䣬ԭֱһСʯͷ
Ҿ֪ʦ˵ĻȻƭҵġ
ַ⣺
ʢ䣺


 98  ϲʦ
ƽָԼŵ, һ񣬲֪ʢǴģɫȥܲ, һƷ񣬵žµͼơ
ָ, ˻ƣûע⵽»֣ϸһЩͻᷢµ̵ġ䡱С֡
Ȼ֪ʢ䲻˺, ǲô, ŰȡҲܹȡġ
ƽָű, ûʢĻӦ, ָȥһߵľͷ᲻صأȺһ, ֲԸˡ
ָⴧʢ, ʢš
ʦΪβ˵
ʢĿָ⴦ϣ΢˶, Դ, 㲻׼ҡ
ΪΡƽ⡣
ƽıʢ, ʢָд֣дĺ, ǡơ֡
, һ̲ס, ʢ˾룬ֱƺ«䵭Ҳ㡣
ƽЩ죬Щ²ʢôô࣬ǿʢôģƺԼĴ㣬ɤЩԸ
ףñԴʲôҲãǲֻͨʦֵܡ
ƽģʦַŻ˵δ򡣡
δûʢҲû˵㱧
һˣƽĴ٣Ĵû˳
ֻһЩҪôճˣҪңʢ仰˶٣ҵĿûôá
ƽԵһ˫ۣʢĿã̵˵ʦǫˡ
ʢ䣺
̲סô죬ƽĵûһůˣЩ¡뵽ʲôŵǼǰţһɼǳ÷㣬˵ƽʢ֮
̲סʦ֣ʦֲףҲ͵ףʱʦֻ᲻
ʢ䴽ֱ߱ˣǹŸɣһöûУӦʰʰʵͺˡ
һʢ䶼û˵ƽֳһۣ֪ľͷĬʲô޸ʱǳܣʢ㱻ĵ˶
˺ü󷨣󷨼侫ϸЩʢƿ΢ʢչȥһ㣬ҲûзӦ
ʦ֣㲻˵ƢΪҴ㶯ֶţҲûзӦ
Ϊʢʱı⡣
ʢû˵һһְԼˣƽ϶˯û⣬ʱ
ʢһҲģһ˾͹ȥɧʢˣʢȥʱҪ϶ñ۰ͷס
ʢͷϺõĳУǳչȥһʢָȥʲôʡ
ʦ֣ʦǲҪһǧʱǻ᲻ϣ
ʢЩӦᣬ鷳س鲻
ƽŶһ£﷢¡ʦΪζ֪
б÷ҲǰЩӲ֪ʢ䴽΢һ£󴦵ĺ߲һ𣬿ȥѷ֡
ʢɤ䵭֮£ҡ
ƽԿȥ󴦵ĺߴŲԭǺ߸״Щ飬ʢߣ˵򴽡
Ŷ
ʢ俴һɥģָĶ⡣ʵƿ˻ܹûҪ˵
⶯˶˳ų죬ʦֿٰ֪˭
ʢû˵Ա߲輸вˮָպ˲ˮ򵥵عգԼճһƵͼơ
ڰǰֵһ֯ҲħޣΧ޻һ
޻ǣƽɲѦȥĵط
˵ħޣδа֮Ķ޻ǧǻɫشƹġǺɡ
ɡ֣
ʢ䡰šһΪɣ˵ԭ֮һڵӵͼƱǱ־ԭڣڴ˻ϸĵġǶ̶̰֮佨һʵ֪ǳżɵ
ƽˣЩ㱣ʲôڡһֱڱչ𣿡
ǣʢָպ˲ˮͼĨ֮չǧ꣬ûϢǻ֪
ʦ֪ĺö࣬ڽ³֡Ϊʥ
ʥֱҹˣȥʵŪס
ǣʢ䴹۽һӰָ΢˵㣬ڽ䣬һʦĽ⣬ǽܹģ¡
ҲǾ޿ܡ
ʢüĿģָա
ô࣬ѾΣʲôĿģܿǾܹ֪
ƽŶһʢָ⣬Ҳֹڽ¿Ǹͼ֮ǰҲܶΣ޳ǵĻһɡֻǲ²⣬айء
ʱûиʦ֣Ϊй˼ɣʦҲȥû뵽ʦԭ֪
ԺҪ˵ʢ˳Ķ⣬ٿͼ̸ҡ
ãƽ䣬ЩӦһͻᷢȣָʢָ⣬ʦֲҪ䡣
ϲϲҧ֪ʲôë
Щˣʢָ⣬̧ʢĿ⣬Щȡ
ʲôûﻹ˿˿ģһĿƲˣճס˷ֲ
ƽʢָ⣬˹ȥճˣԭΪʢܿû뵽ʢֱӰסĶࡣ
֫άĻȣ΢Щ죬ʢָķ˿ǲϣɤͳö
ϲף
ƽβ׵սĴУȫ⿪ʼȣ˶еȲסʢͷˣĿİͰͣšһ
ʶػסʢ䣬ӳ⣬Сϲʦ֡ϲʦ֡
ʢǣ̱ˡԭȻӦܲˣָ߬ʢ½ǣײӳʢ۵ףһƬ䵭ԼܹЩ
ֻЩĿڸһ֣ʢ΢Ϣָⶼķۣʢؿڣһš
ʦ֡㡭
ƽЩԼϵˣԭȶʢȷſʢȴûзſһֱǳĵ·Ҫɴ
ŷİɫۣԼнƣʢɴնʹɫۣ볤ͼƽ֯һէȻȥµɫ·Ҫ°׸ǡ
ڳǳſͣ£ǾɽѾԶҹĻϣǳǻ㽻ӳ
ʢΪۣ½󴦽غϣƽͷκģָ⣬ʶر֡
ָǳǳĺۣÿһָ϶Уʢָ⣬ǶǣǴϢӦѾˡ
ƽСӦһɤЩͣ˵ۡʢҪǣȥЩˣܿʢָ⣬ԼŰȥˡ
ЩڲԶ˼ϤӰ
ͣĽ壬ҩꡣ
ɽѾԶǷ·ڴ˴ϡ
ΪףĿʢϣ⡣
ȻĿɨȥͣס΢٣ƽȵʮʦܣΪô죿
ƽûп˵еΪһ䣬˵Ŀⶼϡ
Զָ⻹ڷӣĳ࣬ж˼ŨޣɫǳˮܽͿ֬ɫƽӺ󼸷֣Ǵﺬŵĵ
·Ĵ.ɫ
δȵӦǰʢϢ䵭ǰ̧ס˼˵ߡ
·˺Ŀǰûкת
͵Ŀתʢ֪꣬ʮʦһֻǴʱĿѲһɫջߡ
Ľ忴һ۱ûٿλİ
΢΢üЩߣûת
ºͣɤżζ
ʦܡһҪغ塣


 99  ǲڲ˼
ƽԭ, ڱ˵ĸӲ˼⼸ô죬Ǹʢϵ΢һЩ
˴͡Ľ, 󻹸һ, ҩĵӣЩ죬ڷ
òֻͨ˫ɫ, ѰһЩ
һ۱ջ, ʢ仹ǰЩʱʢʵռǳǿ, ʵʵصǰ, ƺԸ˿
Ѿʲôָʢʢ΢΢ͷ, С, ʦֵ֣̫ˡ
ǹ, ʢ, ǰǸһξ룬ʢһ, չȥʢ˵С
Ҹоˡ
˵ʱ, ʢ΢΢ͷ, ԡšһ, ָã޷
ʢ䶼ģƽԼҲòģһ·ȥ˿ջ·ϲ˵ĵطջѾΪǰ˷䣬ŵģʢڡ
ȻȥʰһЩҷҪ
ǶûѾֺˣһܵҲǸڷ䣬ҹҲܹȥ
Ǽ˵ķ䶼ڶ¥ƽʢ˵һ䡰ʦһȥ㡱ȻõػԼķ䡣
֮ǰ·һϣŭػعͷûκη֡
һʢ䣬ԼƴԼķ䡣
˵ʰһƽԼĶӴóһⶼûи˵ſһ
⣿
ƽ벻˯ɣǰһӰⶥһģһšü
֪һֱߣʲôܹܿʢ䶼ʲô
֪׵ʱôġȻ˵ԼǻЩŤ
ƽ΢˼һֱûпڣһΪ˯ˡ
ַЦһ㻹ǵңһΪѾԼӦʲô
СĲֹƭ첲⻹գֱճȥˣﻹǵ
ҴӦʲôƽǵԼӦʲôһҪз⡣
⣬һҪңƽ֯ԣС˵һֱûб˷֣ΪӦ͡
ʢ֮ϣٸߣҲδֹ˵ͷ޲¡
ҪΪ̫ƽһû˵ԷĪǳΣܾҷʣ֪Ǵֱ
ܲܰң
ʦ֮ǰΪǣΪֹͣˣȻΪѩʥġ
ƽ˵Щ˼ǳֲۣȥ˱ԼԸȥȫһ
ΪҪǣַɤһֻŻôķӡ
ƽ
ǰǰһǷᡣ
ȷʵйأҪΪܹǿĽ⣬ǲûа취ʲõ´ﵽǿľ硣
ַ⣺ʲʺǰǲ
˫ֻۣʣһƷ̸ֻ꣬ܽĲ࣬һܱȷ޽̵ĺõĶࡣ
ǲΪһЩŵĵӣҶԷ֮ΪһЩʺõĵӵ͡
Ҫǽ⡣
ʣΪǸǲãǿĽˡȻҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ƽ⣬ʵʲôˡ
ǰַ˫ۣĿϣ˶ٵٻʮꡣ
ٻʮ껹ˣ
ƽһԼǰӦڿʵ᲻ۣ
ᣬַ֪Լתһۣ۵ǲۣһЩһЩҪܵġԶʹܵĶ
ƽЩ£ӦԼȷһ£Ҳȫģ˳һ䣬Ҫҵʲô
⣬ַ⣬ԭȲ̸㣬ΪʲӰңұ⡣
ƽʶʣΪΡ
ⲻ˵ˣ껹ûûˮߴΣգԷһȰܰһһ㡣
⣬ʱҲ
ƽ׷ʣ⴫עǰʧȥš
¶ʢһʢ䣬ûпģĶʢϡ
ʦ֣
ƽʢÿطʵʦѾʰˣ
ʢ䡰šһԭվţ㡣
ʰˣûʲôҪʰģƽ˿˿ģľͷʢվţʢʦ֣һҪθʦ˵
ʢԣǷز磬Ƕ˵
Ҫ˵ʥ֮£ҲҪ֪лţ㣬ܹȥ
ʢ䵣걻׻ֵҪΪȥ£˵˳·ǡ
ƽŶһʢԣԹԵţˣб𡣡
˵ˣοҲǺ죬ô˵
ûˣʢش⣬ָĦʢ׼ȷ˵ˡ
ʦ֣ʦܸܲ˯
ƽϵС֣ʢ֣ʢ仹ûлشЩȥָָϵС֡
ʦ֣֡
ǲ洫ģô͸
ƽ̵ģ̵ۣЩ󣬲⣬ڣԼﴧš
ǣʢ䴽΢ôֵǮҳʱŵġ
Ҹĸġ
ƽţ⻹ʢһθЩůſ˿ʢ֣һЩֵĻơ
ùأʦָҵĶҪպá
ʢĿԵϣԵĺܿģӲӰȣ۵׶λεЦ⣬񿴸ûꡣ
Ժõġ
ŶƽԸЩʢ˲䣬ʢգҲֹҪһҪࡣ
ҪģвˮС˶顣
Ժʦֶ򡣡
ʢһ㱡죬û˵Ĭ˺һᣬбǻӣڽһЩձܻ˸㡣
£ƽ֮ǰҹ߿ƣȷʵӦǣΪҹߵ¶塣
Ҳ֪εõġ
ʦֺƽʶرһ䣬ǳģʢ䣬չȥʢ䣬ʦִҶ١
ʢ䣺㡣
ַһԿţʱ˵ĳֵǮ޳ϵǣҪ֤𡣡
ԺеĹ
ƽװûһƬЩжûиأжԼˣȫʢ
ʦִãƽСҶˡ
ĿʢĶϣʢ仯٣ֻǶ׺졣
ʱ죬Ҳ죬ʱҲ죬¶ʢʵ
ʦ֣ƽָʢĶ⣬Щ棬˳Ŵȥôһ£ɤԵһЩ
ǲڲ˼
ôһסؿʢԭػ˵סˣȻʢǰһ΢Ӳ
ֱڷʧˡ


 100  Ҳᶪܡ
ƽе, ؿˣûüסˣſ, ʢѾûӰ
ôӦô󡣡ƽֹһ䣬Լеպ, ѵվȥˡ
ʢǶ㵽
վԼĶ䱻һ£⾾Ķ, ɤವ, ڹȥǻ뱻ڣ
ƽûзӦʢֻ׹, Ҳûʲô, Ȼܿ׷˼Ҳ
ԼĶ⣬С, ǲһֱ, ʲô㶼ܿ
㶯СЩ˵, ַЦ, һӦͨʯ¼ԼԼʲô
ŶԷԼһģһǰı, ޲ðһֱ˺ˡ
ƽ
˷ⲻϲʢ䣬˭ϲ, ϲ, ˵תء
ǻû˵, ƽʶ⣬оЩڣ㷽˵ġ⣬ǰδŹ
ңַһ۱㿴˼ָһ£ȥұȥ
Ժҡ
˵꣬˱ʧˣﾲĵģ⡱ⶼûд
ڷôʲôҲû˵š
ƽ֪ܹû˵ˣൽʱ䣬Ӧȥˡ
ķҲڶ¥òԶƽţ˲Զʢ䣬ҪˣʢŤͷˡ
Ǹʲôѽ
ƽͷԣһڶ䣬ڿţǶѾˣֻʣʢ䡣
ǽȥ֮űˣ˽磬мһŵͼ
Ƕչģԭʦһ飬ԭ֪Եɣ·ϴ֪һɽһ顣
ϵ⣬ǵҲ²ǿҲǰյϢһ顣
Χ£ƽʢߣһҩӣˣֽе飬һҩɶͲ֪ˣѦ
µʱСĲȵ˵飬̧ۣдЩĿ΢ǱεС̴һ¡
еΣ˵˾䡰˼һ̧Ь϶˼˵ӡӡ
ջ˽ţҲŤ˹ȥ
ע⵽ߵСһۣûʲô£ּ˵ˡ
⣬ǻϣѾһ·϶ûʲô˵˳ûν
ʢţ˼Ե꣬ص·Ҳ˵˳
ȥһ˽£ɤºͣǳ֣ŵĸϣ˾ҹߵ󷨡Ƕţ˱ˣع 
ƽЩϢЩ֪ǰһղŴӽ³
նʹʢ䲢Ըԣʵǿץסҹߣ
ҡҡͷôֻ֮˾ҹһʥôױץסˡ
ƽţЩϧȻǸ˵ˣעδ⵽µĶȵԼһµʱطӦ
ŤͷѦǵöԷǰƺƽƽ棬ڿƺһЩȻôɵĹ
Ҷ˵أƽûоۣһԼѥӣʢŲЩԷ
һʢһ½ǣѦٲ״
ڴȤʢ䣬ζѾķǳˣע⵽㣬պ뿪⣬ظŻҪ㡣
ʢ䱡Ƥ̧Ŀ⣬䵭δԡ
˴ν±ǣ𣬽ҲȥһˣǲʬϵĽǽģؽԿ
۵ζ⵱һ壬֪Ļõ˭ҪΪȫʢµ塣
һһ˵ֱӳ˷ޣĳǸȻ
Ǽ˶û˵һᣬֿƽĿдŹػʦܵķ纮ˣɫȥƺЩ
ƽо֪ʣ˵ĿϣЩظѾ޷ˣһЩСëձܺá
û˵˵һЩ
ûжܿתϣԭÿһǰɽ·Ӷ࣬·û
Ŷ˶٣΢΢šü˻˵̭ʻǳͣĽȥ㣬ôɽֻ֮ޡ
ûҪ˵ľ˼뵱ߵǷ·﷢һЩС쳣ƺж
ҹǰйأԭһֱаң·ʱһǰа㲻ǣδڳң֪Ϊ
Ҳз֣ĽҲ˿ڣƺԸǣȫڳǻ
ʢ侲ţ˼
ǽг̵ͼǼһͬȥһǣʱֿ֪ͨʱ㡣
ǼˣԻԼķ䣬ʢˣƺбĻ˵
ƽҪȻԼķ䣬ڴͼ󣬸̤ţŤͷֿһʢķŤʱײˡ
ҩĵӣѦ鿴վûжԷһѣ΢ ֲô㿴ʲô
ƽЩĪǺ񲢲죬ػظá
ˣǰһһѦƿ塣
ѦԶһЩߵʱŤͷһۣûʲôãܿԼķ䡣
лʢ˵ڷһᣬ̫ãӦʢˣԼСͷ˸ڵķſڡ
ƽŽȥŵСľƣţôһţԱߴ˶ʢ仹ûйǸڵĸڣͳˡ
ȫ·һСͷĿ΢˶٣˸к
ʦܡ
ƽЩΣӦһĽҲӷˣҲһۡ
ǰķŴ򿪣ƽɿرȥˣЩ졣
ʢվſڣſڵĽʹͣ۽ŷ꣬ûпڣĽ˿ڡ
ʮʦܣʦ߸ŵЩ
͸ŵͷȻһ̧۵ʦ֣ɻı㣿
һ伫ᣬʢ۽ܹɨ꣬ҡͷ˻ظҲᶪܡ
ͱ㲻ˣĽһͬ뿪
תǳ죬߿Ķϵ
ʦ֣ĽҲȡ
ͨףƽǷ´½ԭģһȣ΢΢졣
ʦ֣Ϊνɫ
ƽɿȥʢ俴
˽飬ƽﲻôˣʢ仰΢΢˶٣ûи꣬ɫΪ˼Ϊϲꡣ
᲻ԵĺȲˮѽƽЩ棬ҿ伮мأĴЩ飬һ˵ԵĺȲˮ
ͷԷĽ鲻̫һ
ʢ䴽΢ֱᡣ
ǽԸ쳣ĳĬԣƽＸһҲûôԼĽ⻹ͷһμԼĽá
ڳ꿪
ƽŶһԽԽϲĽôʵǶ࣬ǻů֣
Ķ˶΢΢˴ģЩǵζ
ʦ֣㣬Ҫ㡣
˯ֻ˳㣬˳㣬ڻ¡
ƽ˳ִȻֱûйܣʵʦ֣Ź⣿
*
⣬޷塣
ͨڣһŻӡţƾָŷƾڷȼմ
ϻѾ˾ҪԹȥһˡ
ƾΪţѾδ̤볤һҽɢڰ˲δڡ
֪㲻̤ľΪֻȥ£ûǰıɱ˲ʡ
ƾ˵ԵģҲûܷû
ȥͽʻʢشйоأڽ´ʣһ֮˾ҹߵ󷨣ʥĻ󡣡
֪ζʲôƾɤ﷢һЦô˶ʥ˻󣬲֪˻һ
֪㲢Щ˳ͷλ˵ţּɣǡֻһ¡
ΪҪԲ֡
ӦõĳĬӰȫڼž֮С
֮󣬷ƾΪ޲𰸣˵˼ž
ҵ߻֮ǰҡ
˵øĽɲصӰ죬֡
תһжݡ
ǧ֮ǰһ֮֡
ѡأ
֪𰸡


 101  ɧ
⣿
ƽͷ, ŻϡǷ˵ģû˵ʢ, ʢ䶮ö࣬˵֪
һַǳѵ, ʢ䣬Ȼѣ֮󣬻ֱ̤ƾ쾳, ﵽΪ㡣
ҲǺ˽, ֻ֪˷ѣ˷Ҫǳᶨ, в, ߻ħ޶
ΪΣ
ʢĿϣ˶ٵ, ǽ, Ϊ壬ν
Ϊʹ
伮˵, ǽ, ܹЩǧ, вħ
Щҹǣÿʱÿ, ֹĥ, Ϊǿ, ǵҲܵӰ죬ͼʮꡣ
ʮȻŵ˵֮࣬վΣգҲûԹû˳ɹ
ʢΪˣĿЩȰ֮
ƽѾĴˣȻֱ̤ƾ쾳֪Ǹ˵̫ģǸ߹ˮƽ
ûУе伮Ͽģƽʶô˵ܾ÷ⲻƭЩҲȷʵͷ˵Ĳࡣ
û˳ɹɹôͣҲ̫ҳ԰
ƽЩǳʢĿ⣬ʢкڳһƬƺڷܡ
ڵ伮ϿģЩѣƽ˳ô˵֪ʢǵչȥסʢ䣬ʢ۵ףñǼ˲ʢ䡣
ʦҡ
ʢ޶ԣ΢΢ָ΢ֱ߱һֱߣϴ˵
ʹԼΪ㱻ߡʢɤ䵭㲻Ϊȥϲ顣
ʣĻû˵ıǿֱܹȫı꣬
ƽʢ۵ףһƬרעغʢʲôû˶еκġ
ʦ֡㡭ƽѾ֪˵ʲôˣͷһݣǱһ£ɬɬȴġ
Ǹľͷ
ƽʢ䣬ǲ䵽ʢķ˿ʵʲôҲʦҲϲ𣿡
⻰ȫʶѿڶƺǰҲʹֻĿڿյģڴǰĻش
˿΢ĴУƽоԼķ˿ˣʢָգһŵһ˵ˡ
ĵ׵Ļʢû˵˵ʲôϲǰĳŵû壬ϲʵжȥ
ƽʱʢ۵׿Щռ³ʢ뷨ʢԸûҪ࣬ʱʢͻҲֻʢ䡣
ôڽ黳׳Ըû꣬ǰôôܴסƽָʢĶ䣬ָ˳ιһ¡
ʢֻ䶼ϻûʲô飬סָ⣬Ҷ׼
̵ջ֣Ҹ˯
һȥлǡ
ҪʢҲûʲôɾܾԭΪʢҪʢһ˴齡
߿ʼͼ
ƽԼСͷźãЩϡ棬ʵʦֽղô
Էûʢĸ첲ʢסָ⣬
ָûɿʢ俴һᣬͻȻˡǸٵʢ˯һŴľͷĵ׻ء
ƽЩչȥʢڿǵĵͼʵʦ֣Ľ˵ҩĵ⣬ο
οʢָ⣬βͲز̫á
ƽЩ֣ʢ䵭ɤ˵˼
ʲô֪ƽչȥǺʱġ
ʢǼǰϵϢƺЩ˿˿ģճˣչҲʵָͷһ촽һȥָ⡣
·޲ñһճ⣬ϡ
ʱ򣬡ʢ򵥵ػشһ䣬΢Լĵͼ˼ط
ʲôʱҵҶ֪ҵĸоȷʵҲ
ƽСֹʢƺûʢĵͼʵʦ֣滭ȦȦĶʲô
Ҫȥĵط
ƽŶһʢһᣬָʢĺᣬ΢΢͹ʢ佲ʱ΢΢
ʦ֣ƽգۣԤԼĺӲˣպŷû˯ʱˡ
һ£Ҫ˯
ƽ˵⻰ʱڽԼ½ϵⲻԱߵָΪ⿪½ϵʢ΢΢չһĴǡ
Щ΢һ֡
ƽšʦҲҪȥȥҲʢһ£ľͷ˱죬Щɰûס¡
ʢϰһڣʢšüԼס򢣬ĿֳֺҪˡ
ʦôôֻˣûбˣƽи⣬ⲻǲڣС죬Ҳû㡣
ʢÿ΢׷Ӧͺܴ󣬺ȥͻôһ˵ﲻԸĹԹɿʢ䣬ԼԼСӵһ˯ˡ
֪ʢҪ㣬Աߵû˯ţۣܰԺС˶顣
߾ĵģ֪˶ãﻹڸˣһֱû˯ţؿڴоʮְġ
ˣһߵĶԭ˯ˣЩԱĿϡ
ܰƽƤ΢һ£֪ľͷʲôԭҪˣͻȻоԼƤС
ʢָƤϣƤƤȻı˳ĦĴǡ
Ȼһŵǳ÷㣬Ǳһ¡
ƽ
ά˯ûǱ˺ü£ǴǣȻաǼ⣬ͷ⡣
ſƣ͸¶ǿҵռ
һʹߴʢԳϢЩȣʢ죬˯
ʢָ⹿ͷҪˣ˰죬ʵ̲ȥ
ҪʢɿЩչ촽
ƽľͷװģʵɧɣ룬ۣ֪ʢʲô顣
ţǱſʱ΢΢ȣûסҧʢһڡ
ǰ궯΢ͣ٣ȻϢЩ˳˿Ĵݣָ¿ס΢΢һԣ
ʢ
ûܺʣĻУ׵ĺ޷ָ֮ⱻţܹܵʢԽԽϢԽԽˣһű͸ֽš
ʦ֡ƽһۣյоôȥָ΢˶ʢҪʱܿЩϸĲĻȡ
ʢӹͷȫǱƿصƣϸ΢ĸʢȻ٣ʱȫмܲס
ɿңƽЩ˫ȼűӣ΢΢ܿʢ䣬۽΢΢Щʪɤֵͣͼȥǰꡣ
ʦ֡
ôֳһۣʢ΢ʹҪֱ顣


 102  ÿ
ƽһ, ͺһôһŻع, ΢΢ɿָĦࡣ
ܰ, ֻʣ˽ĺƽշȣоʲô, ʢƲס, ʱ϶ֻ˳ӵķݡ
Ͼʢǰûпԡ
ʢ΢ϢߣоһƤڷȣ󻹱, һʢŷſ
Լı, ЩΣɤҲɳЩʦ, һǻȥɡ
˵űҪ, ʢָⰴסɤͳɳ, ء
ʢ䱡Ƥ, ɫһƬɫҲ㡣
ƽŶһ, ûǿűת˸, ϸ΢Ķ, Ŀϡ
ûһ᷿ﰲ, תʢѾڷˡ
ƽ¶Ķͨ죬մʢϵϢоЩڣصԽԽˡ
ȥһᣬڴ齱߷ʢۣȷʢ䲻ڷ͵͵ذʢ۱ڻ
ջһ򿪣ɫˮڴվţ˲Զ϶һӰ
걳ӰϣӰҹһ
ĿʢıӰ򷿼һ꣬ڵѾ㣬Ҫκж
Ҳ𴩣̽㣿Ѧ¶ԭţ϶һźߣ΢üʡ
Ǻδ¶ġ
ûش⣬Ϊ
ڿɿˣʢʦѾȾҪȥ֮£ƻж˲Ĺǡ
ȻѦڣٿȻЦģʢ䡭ûǸ֪·иʲô⣬ܲܰ˴ߣ
˵˭Զ
㣬ֲһ䣬ǸµĻ
Ѧָϣֲǳ֣һ壬ʥﻹڣ˹鷳
ϾܹƽʥĿɲࡣ
һûĿ͸ԶӰ
Ҳλ˼
λʢ»·ʢһ
㣬ɤ˼֣ӦҸ֪ʮߵĸӣҪĥȴ׼
ԵɣӦú
Ŀתŵ꣬Ϣ˼֣΢˶١
ӽк³ұǣΪһʢ䣿
ߵþûлظⱻһͬںڰ
νһʱĸ飬ʵϣʵǲֵһᣬ֮ûκδԡ
*
ƽʢ˯˹ȥڶȺģۻڱţһᣬת
վŵͦ޳ɢ࣬δֻۣԳխĿ⣬ʢ
¹Ӱʢָ⴦˿˿ƵĹ㣬ϳ׷ٷһ֡
ƽӦЩ˼ʢ۷ŵһԣԼӴȥԼۡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱˣ
磬ʢָ˿˿ƵĹɢȥǻڳٴһ죬ճȥҹǡ
á
ƽһྻߣһ½ϵãϣûжͨ׵ĽչЩýָ⡣
΢΢ȣָ⹰˹
ƽЩЦԼŲԸ
ʦ֣ƺճˡ
ƽ£ûճ˵Ľ΢΢ȣûйˡ
ʢ俴껳ԼĽɤ䵭
ͨ巺죬ûд껳ռˣƺϲµط
޷ƽʢŵоƺܺߣԼĽ˴ָ⣬̵ģЩֺá
ȣҸоͦů͵ġ
ƽŽע⵽ʢ仹ڿƺҲ£һţûҪŲѵĴ㡣
ʦ֣ڳȥɡ
˳ʢӣʢջĿ⣬һͬ¥
ջһ¥֣ʳġǰһûôע⣬ƽڷۿȥѾ벻ҹǺܽˣҹǱɽµĳǳأԵܹŵӡ
۵ѩǲı־彣˫۵ģ˵ǹĵӡ
ЩⲢеţЩСŵĵӡʽĵۡҲαװͨյģһۼֱܷ档
·ϼĶˣʢÿȥһǣͬαװʶơ
߱ʢͣʳ
ƽҡҡͷڲô΢΢ʢ󴦵䣬ʦ֣ȥӰɡ
ڽ黳ǰһ˵Ļأʢ䣬ʢŲǻǱǮˡ
ʢģһͬȥ˻ǵĵг̤ȥ˱еŨҵĲʡ˵ǵгʵͲг࣬ҲϹŸʽǣ岿֡
ϵƤ⣬֮ѸΪ
ƽŵŨҵѪζθ·ڷӿʢŲ΢ͣ£ָǼ⣬ʲôŲˡ
⣬ᴩ޵ĺѪ˳ƤֱܾЩ޵ĹǼܿˣ޳ЩаİҲаųзǳŨҡ
Ȼָ㱻סˣʢƺ֪ʲô޲һû˼
ƽšһɤЩƣֻ޳Щ˱аȥ޺񡣡
һʢûв̵ĸ꣬ʵЩǸߵ屻ɱ֮ȥģ׼ߵֵǮ
ƽԴֱ࣬ʢǣţʢůΪ¶ȣɤ䵭ΪĵĽеĲͬ
аֻһ㷺ĽзʵΪ塢ޣԼа岻ͣ˳Ϊаֻ˼Ǻ塢ŵӶࡣޱǴһŽû˼ޣڡаа޳źֻԹޣʲôûС
ƽʢĻע˵гӣţ˵һᣬѾ˵ط
ǽֵ䣬ǰߺܰʢǣȥһȥе⡣
ϰǸɫݵͷȥ㲿£·һƤճڹͷϣʱ䡣
˽ϰ忪˿ڣɤǿ֦ǽϣֵֻƷǡ
ʢ䲢δԣָһ䣬ǰһ߱ǡɫƷʽϳˣ͸
ͷµɫЩ仯ָȥףʲôۡ
ﻹһģһףһȱָǵ߽ס
ƽĴˣ·Ͽ٣ǶǲȱȫģͷҲаڷŵǣԶûʢóƷʺá
ž˵Ƥ޳Ƿǳ
Ҫ˵׼ߵǡ
ոҪϲ̵ظҫʦⲻ׬Ǯ
䲻ش
ɱѩߵ߽ޣǱǴģǸһպǲϲˡ
˵ҲĹͷ޳ڵ
ַҪģɭɭǰһ㻹ûп˯ŵʱ͵㣬Ҳ˶λ䣬֪ͱ˵ʲô֪ˣûֽţԼûзԽԽճ벻ˣ
ƽ
ǰʢ仹۸ʲôŤͷͣȻĪˣȥЩɬ
ַ⻹ڵ귢ǧ㣬߹ץص
˵ʦ־͵ҡǰҲ͵ףƽ΢΢Щ˼ߵһΪֻء
ԭʦһֱôϲÿġ
ַ⣺


 103  ľͷ
ƽ¿, Ҳ˷ϢЩҪˣС, 㲻صģʦŻ, һֱ֪ҵλãʦֲᱳҶԻֽţܹ˵һһ
ʢ䣬ʢ϶
û˵, ֻ᲻صšһĶ, Ŷ䣬ʢ
˶ת˸, ɢĽ⡣
²о˷, ָЩζ˽⡣
ʢȫʯ, ʯ, ʢһûϲ̵ı, ʯս
ʦ, Ӹ˵, Ҳһġ
ʢ䡰šһȻһ, ָԴ, һ¡
˿
ƽźöʯ, Ӧһʦ֣Ǯڶ
ʢҪֿʱҲҪЩʯֿ
˳˵г˽֣ƽڳתһȦһЩ·ϻõĶͼ֮ģȻһЩġ
ʦ֣˵󷨣ܹҸ˵𣿡
ʢĿ΢˶٣ʵǸĻ飿
ƽͷԼֱһ£ǰĶ䵱ϵëˣ˱Ҫһ
ûֻǴ͵͵رԼĲˡ
ȷʵ󷨣ģʢ䵭еĶü˵ɫ
Ǿҹٳߣһ֪飬Ҳֹܹʹƴ㡣
˵ɵɫҲܹαװԷһõġ
ƽŶһԭԼŵЩ󷨣ѯˣ涼˭ɫ
ʦ֣ģǰδŹ󷨡
ʢ䣺ıϸ΢仯ѧȥԽ㡣
˵˸áʢʢ֮ȥһЩطһЩֵֹĵط˵ܻ֮ó
ٴλصջʱѾǰ·ֿնʹնʹƺˡ
ջſڣڿջ⣬ϣƺڵˡ
в̫Ծ˿ڣ⣬ԷһǾϱ㶯
ЩҹһЩ
ʢûƬ̵ߣҺʮ׷ϡ
ͬˣ֪鷳ǳʢģ˴ǵʢǵʱٻϡ
ƵʻתǴʧƽһֱԱţʰò˶ãʰ˶ʢ
ʦ֣ΪβԾǳʲôʣ
ʢ䡰šһħ޹ˡ
Ŀǰ׷ģֻħޡ
ƽԹԵҲ̫һ𣬽յûмѦ飬ûж룬ˣʢСԹ
Թľģлܹ侳ʢ˵򵥵ģܹٸѶȡ
ƽԼСḷ̌ѵҲˡ߲ôţţʱоؿЩģ࿴һۡ
ﰲĴţδҶ
ʦ֡ƽƿʢԼĿԱߣڿͼо·ߡ
ǰҹǣǲǲ̫ȫ
кôնʹǳ˳ǣֻǼˡ
ǣʢ򵥵ػش𣬶˶ٵڳдʱԽԽΣա
ܹЩƿؾ档
ƽŶһʢһᣬ˷ֲ·ڣʢ΢ͣ£ƺЩԥ
ǰС·С·Ŀǰƽһ۱ջߣܾɭɭĺʲôڵǡ
ʦ֣һɡƽָָߵС·
ʢ俴ɦɦԼĶ⣬ҵֱұߵģҵֱһô׼߿϶û
ַ⣺
ұȷʵΣոַ࣬⿴СģԼĶ̴
ֱ̫ʱҲһ顣
ƽ˵ʵΪʢԥһʢѡһأѡߵ·
ұһħޣ
Сǳڣ·ȴûʲôΣգǲ·ڣʢλѡѡֱ෴·ߡ
ʦΪҪѡ
ƽЩ棬ܰæͦĵġ
ͼǶʢ˶ٵҺ˽⣬ѡ񣬻ס
Ҳףܹݵͼжϳѡ·
ѡȫճƣŹɡ
ƽŶһԭ㣬ûٶˡʢ϶п
Ǽһ·ܿΣգֻһЩС
ҲϢƽ˰磬оЩ䣬ȥԼСԹȥˡ
СԹҲǰԼֱȥѡֱܿûһͳԹ
ʦ֣ҴԹˡ
Ⲽ˽磬ƽСḷ̌ǶľѾӵһһùȥʢ俴
ƽʱЩԾ˳ſȥͨͨģ֪ô¡
ʢ俴дѯʡ
ӻóˣ֪ʲôʱ½֪
ûע⣬ʱͱˡ
ͨ׵Ľ͸糺죬һ׹밮ӵ齣аƽȻģ
ƽ˳һԼؿڣоЩֵֹģֲ̫˼˵
û˵ʢ俴һϵĽЩĿ½󴦣ɤ䵭
ҿ
ƽ΢죬΢Щԥ䵽£ָо΢΢ʹۡ
ߵܹӳճǶ˵ӰӡӰʢ伸ȥЩ߳ܣָ΢΢߬ʢ½ǣܹͦ䵽ľࡣ
ĥˡʢ˵ָ֣һ¡
ôһƽ˴һ㣬ӳһƬ糺죬Ⱦģָ߬ʢ½΢Сһ£ܿʢָ⡣
ʦ֣
ʢָ΢˶٣ջָ⡣ȻĿתϵװָֻƽȻ
ʦ֣һƽ΢΢ѹû뵽⽣ôȻ͵͵ռˡ
ָʢĶ⣬ͨͨģ¶˵
ľǷɫ
΢˶Ȼֲܿˡ
ʢ΢΢һȻ΢ĶĻ
ҪҩѾˡ
ɤ䵭ȥûܵӰ죬ֲָֻСĵȥ
ʢ䡪
ƽҲźģʢһۣʢջ֣˵ˡ
ʢóҩ֪ʲôʱģںһţʢùʢ仹άҩƿơ
Լҡ
ƽֵһ׵ˣԼҩƿ˽ͷһ£ǳģ㣬һǳ÷㡣
һۣľͷԭţȥʢŤ

ˣľͷˣƽĬĬۣûء


 104  δ
ƽԼͷҩ, ҩºͣһҲ֮Ͳô, ҩֻȥ
ʦ֡˳ʢ仳ֳһԱԾԾԵ, ָⰴſȥˡ
׼һ
о˲ָ⣬ŽûҲûá
Ĵţ˶, ȥЩί
ʢҩ, ûдִʢ䣬ľͷڽ, ת
ҵСԹ߳, ƽûľͷקʢӣһһġ
ҷô߳ģҰֱȥߵ, ֱѡı, ұѡ෴һߡ
ǽϻСٵƣõ, СٵҲʦ𣿡
ƽЩ, עСԹ˳̳һٵ, ůȳȵģ滹̵С, ԷŽ
ƹů, ƽʢ͵͵ءšһ
ȻСԹ, ˿˿Ƶİ׹⣬ûһͻ
Ѻܶࡣʢ˵
ƽŶһʢߣľľŻζ죬ԣСԹ
ȥû룬̳ˣ˱һ亹Сٵƻ˵ŵССɫϣųͷ
ܵСٵƶˣ˺أ涼ǹŵС
Ҳ֪ʢĵģͻˡ
ƽûлԵ꣬΢΢ѹֳһʢĶ䡣
ʢ䣬ʢҲûӦʢ΢΢ţڳģܰ˶ȥ
ʦ֣ɲɡ
ƽˣСḷ̌ŲŲƨɣ˽Լš
˵ŲŲʵŲһ㣬ֻܹʢ䣬ǽرۣ͵͵ʢĶ
ܰ˶û˵ƽûһˣڿ˯ŵʱϸ΢ĶĶֱҧһڡ
ǰ꣬ûƶֱʶػȥԼʢ仳˸ƣȻ˯˹ȥ
첻Ҫ̣ƽ˸ǷϷСľ̺͵ģв֪ժҰ滹մ¶ˮǸժġ
ֹҰõݱɵС˶С˶ͷҲݱģɫЩʢ䡣
ƽҲ֪˭׼ģ̵ģС˶ȥʢ䡣
ʦ֡
ȥĿıźΧǣǰ·ߵ±סз޵Թż͸¶һĨѪ죬˸оĿڲʣİݻȫ෴
ůĳѨյԨ
ʢָɢ˿˿Ƶ絽׵Ľгʣһѩ׵Ľ⣬ӳգɢΧΧĺ
ߴ˺ѷεĿ޺ƽС˶С˶ڻ֪Լʲôﵽʢ䡣
ʦ֣ʢߣŷʢˣһѪۣƺմȾѪڡ
ǰ˿˿ƵߣʢƼ䣬˳ſһۣ۽ɨʲôһ
ֵ֮޳ǿһںŤֻΡ
ʢ΢΢Ŀϣ΢΢šüȻȥ
ƽľͷС˶ûлȥʢԱ߶ʵҵʦ֣ţûʲôܰæġ
ʢ˿ڣָڰͣסˣʢġ
һ·ĽûôùҲˣԼֹʲЩòҪǼԼĽմѪ
ЩаӦû¡
нгʣһᣬְѽջȥ Ժֳָ޾Ũīɫīɫʺ콻֯һһͬѪܣеȫ
ʦ֣ȱʢƺûմҲûߣʢеߣȥ
ע֮ԱøӸϸ΢ĹٶҲˡ
Һãƽ˿עʢģߴź𽥱ɢǰľ𽥻ָ
ȵȫɢȥǶ͵ʯڣƽе£֪˯ŵʱʲôɳʯһɳӣһڣתȥʱ˳ſһľڷٵˣŲĺ
ʦ֣ŵǻ󣿡
ʢ仹ûüشǰһӰ
Եĵ˾ʯЩȥǾ޴ۿҪʯڻ֮ʶرסʢ䣬Լļײȥǰһڣ۵ιȥ
ȵƽȵʱƽŻЩһֻͷۣﶼɳζθǻЩθ
ʢɫЩ԰ףϵ˿ִӺɫ˺ɫŨҵڻȥЩұ
˵ȥʢɤָܵͣļ˲۵Ľл
ʦֱۡ
ƽ۵ЩѪʢ䣬ȴûĿʢ֣ԼԼİ߼۵С
ǹͷײˣҪǻǰƻẰһʱƺˣ۶ϹˣϹֻۣײ˹ͷɻ뺰
ʦ֣ҵĹͷˡ
ƽԼذһ£۵ֱ飬Ҷˡ
һһΪϡʢ£Щȥʱʹ
ŵĲǻ󣬡ʢֻشʼ⣬׷ħ޷ųа
ƽŶһûпħޣʲôʱ׷ģ
ʱʢּһϣȷûˣָ⡣
׷ħ޲ûֻаͿ֮
ƽ򴽣̫ħΪҪ׷ǲš
ǰ·ָߵС·ʢһֱţһ·ϱܿΣգҲ˱΢Զ·
֪ħΪʲô׷ɱǣ䲻ؿ˿ڣɤĮ׷ħ޶Ϊʥʥ˵ǣƽʥϵĻ⣬ʦƿˡ
Ҫͷ˶
ʢͷƽԲûϷĵʢһȣҲó֣ԼΣյľء
ڽ֮ԻնʹƿҲȫΪ
ʦΪң˵ӦңƽҲֹʦƿ˻λٰʦֵҲƿ˻Ϊħ޶ȥ
ַܿˣ֪˵ݣֻ֪йأô֪ء
ôôȷƿȥģ
˵Ȼǻеļʢ䡣
ƽôʣе磬һŵĲ²⸡ֳͻȻǺ;ҹһĻ
ڻﲢûпҹߡ
ʲô˼˵ٰʢǾҹߣ
ֻǻͬʱƻˡ
⣺ڵڶƿڻֻˣƿҲֻʦ֡
ƽû׷˼ǸƣʶЩ
⣬ʲô֪һʵΪһֱҡ
ǰδ⣬ұˣ΢ɼһĶ⣬ɤ䣬Щδֻǲ²⣬ҵĲ²ⲻд
ַɤЩЩ̾Ϣ
µģҪԼ⿪


 105  Թ黨
ƽ˵, һᶼûлظԺﻹŽµϸڣܾԼƺĺʲôҪĶ
̫Ѩе, ԼŶͷ࣬ˡ
Ƶǰʻ, һǰͣ£ʢ䰲ٺñȥˣҲҪȥ뵽ʲô, ﻹʢժĻء
, ˵һ䡰ʦֵһᡱԼ
ﾲĵģϻʢԹľ, Աһ޵Ļ
紵, Ҷɳɳ죬ƽСḷ̌΢΢ʱ, ĵ˵
ᡰءһ, ֮΢΢ס
ԾǰʢģԭС˶˿ȴ˸ģ˵մѪ, ϶һ˿, ĿҲͱ˸϶Ⱦ졣
ȥĿڱ˸, ѪҺ˳˼մѪɫ
ƽǱһ, εԤӿ, ָҪϵ, ԭػһźɢ
˺һᣬԺһֱС˶Ŀڱģһᶼûл
ֱ洫ָľϵŻعʣĻСľȥ
ŰǽЪϢʢǰʢĻ΢˶١
ƽ֪θʢ˵ûпڣʢ䵹ǿ˿ڡ
ɤż⡣
ģ
ʦָҵġƽ۽ɨʲô΢סʼûע⵽񿴹ȥŨ޵Щ֣һشصؿţѪȾȥģ͹𣬷·һŤƴնɡ
էȻȥһƬŤ·ҪѶ
ƽһ˵ϡ
ﻹף⻨ʢ͵ģϿʱҲû
ϵʱϣΪʦָҵģƽָ΢ôҲʢ׼ˡ
ǻ˭ħ޸ĹʲôʱϵΪûв
ƽĿڱ֪˵Ļ֮ʲô˼Ҫʢ䲻
ңʢ䳤һ£Ũ޵Ļ֮仯˺ɢл˺ѷεĿ޺
װŪʢָϣɤ䣬һεĽſءһʲôɢˡ
⻨޻ǣԹ飬ͨԢ֮ħ󰮵Ķ
ƽ΢±ƣ˭óĻ󰮰ֱǷ˼ͷƤ顣
ʲôʱȥģδ
ʢߵϢ䣬һӦǻǵʱ󷨣ƽأֻбŻ֡
˻ûзֱģ
ƽˣʶ˵ˡûСǰסʢӣʢĿڵλãﻹúõġ
һֿһۣһ˿ڣʢϵλһģһ
ʢּһԱ߿ţȵʢˣһ̤ͬ
࣬ǧǰʱһ֣֮塢壬žܵǣǶڿѷ֮ʱ
ƽʢϵˣʢˣС̴Ŀڣ̤֮󣬱ʢϣҪʢ俴ˡ
ҿʱ򣬻Ǻɫģֱ˺ɫմȾ̫һ
ʢӷϢ֪ܳʲô¹Ϊ֪˭ڱ󵷵Ĺ
ָʢϵ˿ڣ΢΢ͷȥϸһᡣѪҺȷʵʺģûմȾĺۼ
ʦ֣۲ۣôŪģ
Сģʢ鵹ӳشĺܼ򵥣ǰѾͿҩ
ҿˣƽԼóҩõǽһ֣Щģʢһҩ
һһЩƽվţʵ㻹ûбĵطˣ
ʢҡҡͷĿ΢ͣ١
ʢôһ֪Լ򴦻ˣʱʢʱסˣûôۡ
ˣֿʼˡ
̵£ʢΪ޸ѹǣڼûоۣƺϸ΢Ƥ⣬ҩһܲʹ
ʦ֣Ϣħ޻᲻׷
пܣʢָļϣ·£Ȼջ֡
㲻ЩϢһҹ
Ҫϰҹɣƽʢϵ˿ڣЩļ£Ƿ֣쳣һ̽㡣
ʢû˵һߵһյơӰһӳİ߲˫ֺʮڶݵΪṩһӻ
ʦ֣û˵ƽʢĸ첲æһ۲ۣϰҹúϢ
ҿԴʢ˵Ҫ˯
˯ġʢɤ䵭
ƽ˵ءŶһֲʢ䣬Ŀʢؿϣչȥſ棬½ܹܵȣʻ
ʢ仳ſһᣬûһָ˳ʢؿڣʦûоؿڲ
ʢ俴΢ͣ٣δ
ûоͺãƽջߣһʢģһʢָ⣬һȥʢһ֮ջ֡
ʢĿѯûнͣҾ
ǼʢϵĲͬʡԺٱƻ
ʢָбļӣβָһǳǳİ̺ۣһźǳ룬촽д飬۽޻ɨģĵطĵطͲ֪ˡ
֪ʢ·ģûмʢġ
ʢһغʵڻûпء
˼һͨоЩˣǰӰ˯ǰָ⻹קʢһۡ
ʦ֣Ĳ𡣡
ֹһ䣬Ϊ̫ˣû⵽ʢĻظʢƺšһŷģ˯ȥ
ҹƽٴοǸˣǵӽǣԼʢ棬ˡ
˴һɫۣƣŶҿѪܵĵԹ黨֮˱ʧˡ
ĵ˹ڲ輸ϣĿ˸һ˵Ʋޡ
ƽܿת˸棬ĵҡһʢ䡣ǰĿڱһѪܵĶ޵ò԰ûѪɫմ˴Ŀ졣
Ȼѣͷðһ亹ָ⻹߬ʢڣʶشչȥʢ
ʢ΢ģʢϣجˣ
ƽͷʢؿڣؿҲȺģΪӦ̫ʹԼ
򴦴⣬زˣ϶ʢʢ䵭רע۲ۡ
ˡƽһЩȻܵͣʢ˯ȥ˯ŵʱָ⻹ץʢ½ǣץס˲Űġ
˯ŵʱоԼǼⱻܵϤϢûйܣ˯˹ȥ
һǱ⻷ƣ޾ĺڰںڰ֮Уź֣кɫʢԹ黨ƬŨѪʾ˵⡣


 106  ϲ㡱
ǵҹԭ·, ΪԶ·ʱӵʮ죬һ·һֱħ޽׷, ʮڵ˲ҹǣ˦ħޡ
ʦ, ʦѾ𣿡
ƽԶԶر㿴һ޴ĳţѾ˲ҹǵĵؽ磬Ȼ磬ħ޻, ǿԷġ
ҹɽ, ǧʮһǣɽԶԶؿȥ, صɽǳ, ·һ츫Ĵнضϡ
ҹɽ֮Уȴɽ֮⡣
͸⼸ҹ, ǽƣ, ƽúۣοʢ, ʢһ·϶ûôϢ
ƽ, ڳ⣬һ, ںӱͣģͣһҪˡ
, ʢȴûлظ, ںӱ߿ȥС, ŤͷȥʢڴԼָ⣬Щʧ񣬲֪ʲô
ʦ֣
ôһʢŻعջָ⣬šһǰ㵽ˡ
ô磬ƽ⼸춼ʢ䣬ÿĵһ¾ʢؿڣʱֿһۣʢϵѾˣֻһǳǳİ̺ۡ
̺۹ƹܳãʢ϶һ̺ۣû࣬һĨ
ָĺˮƽϴ˰ϴóˮװˮȻʢԱ¡
ʦ֣ɽҰȫǳɽô죿ʱħ޻᲻׷ɱǡ
ᣬʢƳ۽̧ɤ䵭£
ƽ֪ľͷе˼ܶʱЩٶۣȥʢС֣Ϊ˲ҹǷЩ£ұ˻ᱣʦ֡
һܱúƽԺһ£ĿǰǷɾ̵˵һܱúͷһʱħٸ׷ǣҪǶץ͸ʦ֡
Ǳô죬ƽħ޷ǳҪħʢˣõвʵе
ıĵһ¾Ϊʢͷ
Īַ⣺
ȻĶͱһ£˷Ҳûб˾Ķ䣬ܲµʲô϶˵޴־ôϢ
ʵ⼸վھᣬ˵⣬ǧûгɹԼ˷۱ʱûɣԼǰ߻ħˡ
߻ھᣬ˳ʢָ⣬ʢĿ⣬ʢһŨīϤڣס
ƽҲԸᣬʢ⼸̫ˣһֱڱţϾʢһ·϶ڻʤԼ
ʦֲҪô࣬ͷȻֱƽ˳ڰοչȥ˲ʢţȺģԣһҪչȥ˰ٱ顣
ǰһ쳰֪ĻΪʢǻˡ
̫ģǲǶúõģ˵˾ǹǵģʲôûУϲȶҡ
ƽСֹɽҲҹдǣ֮ǰʦ˵ʦ֡һֱδ
춼ʦСͷƽʢչȥһʢգȻһ͵Ļңڡ
ʦȻûýྻʱһ·ɳʢ䱻һ·Ӱˣǵʢнġ
ǲǹģ͵㣬ƽЩˣקʢȥϴ˵˺ӱߣʱľͷͦ
ʢ仳С֮ǰģںˮʪȻšɸʢ
ʢûжûôźأ̫ԸظʢСֹϲ㡣
ҪǻˣŲŲܶԷô롣
⴩֦¹Ӱָ裬û£ʹľеʢоϱĵطۡ
ʢ䣺
ֱӸϣʢ䴽Ǳֱ֪һֱţԼϱҵز˼£͵ʲô˵ˡ
ˣ´μǵýྻƽﲹһ䲻Ȼûˣһ׳һң·ɳأǸϲʢ䡣
˳ְšɣʢĻСͼԼǮģȻǻʢǮ
ֶһ䣬ҪŪˡ
ʢšһģʢȥ˿ƺ޿ܣȥһСԹ
СԹľ϶ӣϵ̵ĶͼСľ鶼СһСǰһ
߶˸ӣӻϲɲݣߴ˸ӣźɡ
СԹѾ֮ǰ࣬ʢ䲻ٽȥľ档
ƽһƲˣľȥʢ䣬ʢĿܶʢ䣬ޱ飬ִֻ֪
ʦ֣Ҳˡƽľ̸ʢ俴ʢָһ£һһľ֮תʧˡ
ƽľûлȥһ߿ʢ޿ܣַܾϸѿ˺۶޸תָڵʱ򣬻ᷢ֨֨
Щ棬ʵʦ֣𣿡
ûУʢָһһ߳ƽڲٿҲǡ
ƽûףʢֵҿԷ
Ŷƽֿܣ̵ܵòͨüʢӰӣͷǺɫģϺӲࡣ
ϸĻܲкϸߣƽ뵽ʲôʵʦ֣ǴӺδѧģ
ôЩҹߵ
ʢ䣺ڽҹߵʱѧģֿܿƽ
ƽЩһѾƤʢѧϰЩֲܴǳȥɽʱһֱڡ
̶̵¶ѣƽܾһ
ܣڣ̧ȥͻ졣ֻƤЩջ֡
޺֮ƺƵǰʻҪˡ
ƽʢԱ£ʣʦ֣ʦյͽܣҲǵʦʦ㡣
ʢش𣬡ô졣
Ѳڷ⣬ֻʦϵ
ƽŶһʢӹǺ˶ô죬Ͼʢһ߽кǿ˱ž롣
Ҳࡣ
ʦ˵иʦǣǿҪ
ʢĬһᣬ˶ٵӦǡ
Ŷһôˣƽһμʢʦ֣Щ棬ҲҪȥɽ𣿡
ʢ΢ҡͷǡ
ȻһŵǱŸϳģǷ̫ʯϣǮٻ
ƽ΢΢ȣǷ˶ʯ
ܶ࣬ʢ䣬δ飬ûдչ
ƽ
ʢô˵ѾʦƺЩס
֣ǳؽǰǰͭ𣬳µչǰնʹ
ųϵĽ֡ƽԶϤ
ʢʦʦܽչҷѾϵ

ƽ˳ſȥͣĽ壬Ѧ飬һˮĽƳۣǷģ֮⡭߻һüĿº͵ӡ
̣Щˣò㣬ȴ͵סϸǺŵò
Ӧʢ˵ˡ
ƽʢһʢӣ˶࣬ĬĬɿˡ
Ļ䣬ĿʢϣȻĿ΢ͣ١
Ȼ΢ȡǼ˹
ֹƽܸоҲˡ
ʵʦ֣ôˣʦܣ
ֻһ˲ֵرȣܿ˱飬ҡҡͷ޷
ʢʦδЩϲˡ΢΢üⲻźۼӹʢߵꡣ
üĿЦʱˣ΢ͬβ΢΢ڳŻһģһ

*
лҪ˵
ʢ䣺˵˵ûкܶ飬ľͷľͷʵ̱Цǻ衣
ͷ״ͣûľͷľͷ


 107  
ƽЩ, ʢĿٴϣɤɢ
ʦ, ûм棬ʮʦ, ǰʦͽܣһֱδȥҲԵ֡
, ʢ, ʢûʲôӦǼ򵥵ظһ¡
ʮʦ֡ʢƽ˵ЩΣܿջ֡
ҹ˸ǰɽĵ, ƽһ·Ͽ, ǷĵҲܺϣʢס˳ϳ, Сۡ
ǿǷĵӣŶñ۵Ŀʢ⣿
Ӧû, žס, , ͨס
ߣ궼ǲ, ǺʱǶԸķ, ̸ϲ, ˵ʵӡ
ƽע⵽ƵƵ, Ŀ඼ڿʢ䣬еǺ棬еۣеǴϤ
Ľ
С²۶ûмֻűĽҲ̫ḡЩЩ⡣
ʢġ
ǵסЩĿ⣬ӻûʢߣȫס
ҹΪǣ̶֮ǰЩСȫûȣʱԼʱ֮󣬽ϻǷǳ֡ڵһգߡϸݣƾ첻ҹǡ
ƽЩӿЩûȥעУЩײˣʢġ
ʢʦܻܵӭˣɤЩһ·ӣԱߵһֱע᲻صѦ󴦴һ¡
ôһ£ѦջߣɤŸͣʢʦţܻӭҲӦģǰһеĴ
ڴʲôȻǴʢ䡣
ǰյϢѾˣʢʦڽʥ󷨡
ʥһϢûд̫ϻǱ
ǰղҹвݶ£Ѿעѹɽĵһ඼Ѿʢʦܡ
Щ̾㣬ڷϣ¸ױԡ
Եʢһֱû˵ƽûͬԡֻĵӣôģʢͳǣ˦һءֻ²ֹŵӣǱڵΣա
ۼ˸ŵĵӣɽʱ򿪻ֻ֪ȣǵϵϢ
ڷģʢ΢šü˵ָס󣬰ק˻
·
ƽعӦһʢǱ߿һЩָ䵽ʢָ⣬ȫһģ
˵һСûע⣬࿴һۣѲһȦ˼
ƽǲôűߵӣʦܱ¥죬ڷأٹѾӵﶼʶˡ
дһʱ䣬Ը˵˵е
¥ǶûԸӣƽѡĺܷ⡣
ƽǳ¥
̤¥һġʢ⡪
ƽʼûзӦӳһòޱȵԶ괩ŷۣɫ΢㣬ݱɫβŲزס뽾ᡣ
ĵӡ
ƺ˵ƺŵĶӣҲһʣƺĪ档
ԭûгֹĽʢֻ̫࣬йƱо飬Ļ϶һʴ
ǼͣĪĿֱֱʢϣżɽʢ⣬Ҫӡ
ѯʣǴЩ϶ζǶյϢһ飬֪η֣Ǵ󲿷Ѿʼǰӡ
һ˶ǿֵȫԱߴ֣ſʢλش
ʢʦܣǺѹŵĶӣǰյ鱨Ϊͣӣǿǿ֡
һ˵ţһ߿ʢԵ꣬Щɿصһָۣ⻹קһʢӡ
ƽû˵֪ʢ϶ӦǻЩһѾȰ˵ˡ
أʢһ䣬ĪֲǶ䲻ãô˵ĶԻһҲǼӵػظĪ档
ΪΣĪ滹ûб˾ܾʢѾܲˣû뵽ᱻܾĿʢԵƽϣǻ˴̣Щ
ѡˣĪɨƽһۣûзϣ̫ˣһ㡣
Ѧؿ·𱻴©һ㣬˶ˣЩŭ⣬С̵ģǵһμЩʡ
һѲ𣬡ʢʦ֣ʦȷʵ㣬Ӧء
⻰ƽû˸˵ƽǱץסβͣѦһۣһ۴Щٱӳ伸֣üһƬӰ
ôһ˲䣬ѦоǱʲôëȻĶˣܿ־ǴСľΣҲκβֺ
Сôʢ䣬ž;òˬԼŬѹĵ׵ʢҲ
һ
ƽһضʢ䣬קʢ䣬Ҫʢһԥת뿪
ʢ仯ָ΢ֻĪôһ䣬ôһѾ˼
˵Ϲ
ڳһܿƽΪߡ
͸ĽûʲôӦ΢΢üѦζһ
Ī΢΢šü࿴ƽһۣƽѹԭЩǿûôˡ
˾ܾĪûǿһ˽˾¥ƽں棬ʢȥǰ̨ĿյǰѦ˵
ˣ
ƽû˵Ѧ߱ʲôأ˵һǷζ
Ϊͻñ˵ʢ䣬ȷʵ
ƽˣ˵Ϊͣϲ˶ʢô˵Էɿʢ䶪
ҿ㲻һ飬ɽܱ֮㣬ʦǰз
ں˵ǰļ˶ü
ʢùֻһ䣬Ų΢˶٣Ļش
΢΢̫Ѩһ飬ѦûˣԼӦѦҲǷ˴
˵˻֪˶Ŷ͵ƽأ˼ô࣬¿Ѧһۡ
ʲô£ƽС̶׼Ѧ׼䣬Ǻ𡣡
ҡ
ˣ
ַЩ⣬ƢԼǱʹȡϴεĽѵúèèˡ
᲻صһԿǣЩζ˵úá
Ժ㣬
ƽЩڣ˼أûٹԭصѦ飬ǽ˵
¥ȻǳԷˣƽ˸λãĿϣҲ֪˭ڶ
ʢûһˣǼǰ÷㣬ʢԱߡ
Ȼָ㱻סˣʢսָ⣬Щζ
ƽС类Щʢǰ㳷ϵС̣¶ʵȫݸʢ䡣
۵ģǸɵӶܿοѦУԴʢ̬ȸԡ
ز̽ˣ˵ĹϵЩʮʦܵĵ졣
µûʦıõģϾ볤ŻһģһԭȻЩȷſ΢۵ģҲһģһ϶ͬһˡ
һֱѻϵ˵δʦ֪ʦˡ
ʦǧ꣬˱ˡ
֪ʦ֪ǺΣֻëȻ
ʮСʱҾòһ㣬Щ̾ʢŵʱĶ˼ҵĵֱҸϡãڳˣû뵽һԵʦˡ
ʦ˭Ψһ֮һû˸Ҵۡ
ĵҲҺ


 108  
ôûͷûԵһ佱, ֻ˼˼͵, ȷʵҲʢʦܡ
һ·ز, ʢʦܹΪġ
˵ҹǵ·ϡ
һһʢȴûлظ˼඼ָԵ꣬ô, һֱꡣ
ƽʢָ, رƽָ΢˶סʢָ
ڵС, ۵Ķóֻû˴, Ҷһֻ۱һֻۡ
ɽټʵǰ࣬ҲûһֱעˣܿתƵ, һ, ˵硣˵ǡ
˶, ⼸˶ͬʦʦ, ȻҪշһЩӦþ򡣡
áҲزȥľ򡣡
ƽҲע, ûпڣѾ˳
ʦֺγԣ
ǸĶƲ, ڵĽĥ, мɫĹ, ǰЩһԡ
岻֪ΪͻȻжɽǰټӣ㲻
㲻ֻֿܣһ֮⣬ڶǲ㡣
ƽû֪Ȼռ֮ǿʢǵ飬ƺͦŷ
㡭ʲô˼
㡭ͨζ֣˶٣Σֻǧǰһʱ綯˾ǽһڸɮȫĪ
ԣζֹ㲻⡣
ȻЩҵĲ²⣬ǲʻڣܿһ
ɤ̾Ϣҵķ̫֮ǰʵڱȲá
΢һ£ⶼѾˣӦСǸƭӣֻײˡ
ʦǫˣĽ忪˿ڣʦֿɻģ
ҲûСһʢķ򣬲㵱˵Цŵһж⣬ˣҲû취ֹ
Ҹ˵Щǰ׼һĵ̾ĵƺҲʲô
ƽǣ
óʦ̬ƺеɥζһŵӸ롣
ʢ䴹˼δ
һֻǵл˵˵˭˭棬Ǽ˶ûбֳ
ô࣬ȵˣǾ¥˺ܲк˵СһҲ֪Ƕϲʲôÿһֶ˲١
ڳУдݣʢ俴򴺺Ľ塣
УͿڵ˵Ѫйأһ飬һ˻ʧܡ
Ľ岹ɽûھ˵ݷǳޣǽȥҪǩ
ǩζŲҲζ涪Ŀܷǳ
ƽЩ⣬ʱЩԥһ̭һҲҪ̭ʱǱ̭ˣʢô죿
Ĳֹŵӣնʹ͵նʹѪƺб񣬵ĳϣǵĿغϡ
ʲô񣿡
ҡҡͷɽûзųϢЩֻǴģǼٻд顣
ֹնʹҪħޡһ졣
ЩΣʦ֣֪ģ
˵ģ˴ɽһնʹ񲻲룬ֻʣħޣ
ѦЩ⣬΢΢ü࿴ۡ
ǵĲ˺ܿˣ£ʼҳļٹȣûôӡ
óԳԸúȺȣ˾ƣƽһЩԵĶʳԱߵʢûôӣһֱڸвˡ
ʢʮжеܶע⣬ǳţһЩ߶죬ְʢгȥˡ
ֻʣǼˣƽһ۷ķ򣬲֪Ҫʢ˵ʲôȻ͵͵˵
࿴ۣôסԱ˺һʦܡعǰһ˫ӣ˲ˡ
ʦܲصģʦȻôףһĲء
ƽûжеĲˣӦһܷʣҲô졣
ϲʳǰӱ˻Ѧʳǰ
ѦģĲ˵ӣ֮ġ
һѦ죬һԵĽ봺û˵Ѧһۡ
ƽѦ飬ûŶʲôҲûÿӴ˴
˺һᣬʢˣûھ¥ãܿ˿ջ
ƽʢ˼Щң񲻹ŵҹǵһ죬õϢЩҡ
ʦ֣ʦָ˵ʲô
ﲻסֱӱ˳
ʢǣһͬصջ֣ΪɽûпصĵӾһ𣬳ҹбݡ
𣬵´ƺǳеĳĵƻ磬ƽڴ߿һۣʢ
˵ʦˣҪñʦŵ׼
ƽԭЩ΢΢סˣ˵Щ
ʢ΢ͣһᣬšһûбעڷﵹܡ
ϰڷŵ֮ǰڵгߣпĶ˿ԼһЩɵڲʵĶ
ʢܣšһڵܵӣ΢˶٣һȥпܻᱻʦš
ЩЦĵһţȻᱻʦš
ƽջߣʢߣƵ˵ʦǱʦţһһ𡣡
ʢڵӣַһҲʱô׾Ӿ͵
ʢԿָ΢˶٣һۣܿᱻ׷ɱ
֪ƽקסʢһӣʦһ𡣡
ʢĿϣƺЩͣ˺һᣬȻջߡ
ţʢһŻظָԿǣ֤Ҿ
ʲô˼ƽϲ㲻ȷĻشȥ濴𣬵ǿʢƺһȤҲûС
ʦ֣ȥ濴ɣˡ
ϲ֣˶ĵطȻڽȺȺ֮ĸоϲ
ԭΪʢ䲻ͬ⣬û뵽ʢӣšһԸȥ˼
ƽЩģһϵӣǻһ
Ӵҳߣ֪ʢױϳʢ˸ЩߣǶͼɷȥˡ
ʦ֣һʢ΢΢ԴԸߡ
棬߶˼³ʣĺã´Ҳܿˡ
ʢ۽ڣŨīӳӰϲʢôţ۶
ϵߵӣָҲûջأǻʢ䣬ǰչȥʢ䴽Ǵ
ʦÿôһ䡣
ʢɫЩͳءšһϢߣ΢΢Ĵ
ϢһƽϺ߶ʢ۵ף·һ£ǽȫûз֮Ҳ˿뷴ָ΢΢߬ʢ½ǣЩ
ڴߣı˿ƽʢ䣬ʢֱӽ

*
лҪ˵
ƻѵġƫִ̲蹥by˼
1
ʮĽ۰ѧ𲽽ּҵ߿ŮϣȦȽȽ¹
ʮݷŲҵһ겻񣬸ĸǷ¾޶ծǵĹСǡ
ȥһ⣬Ľ۰ļ⡣
ǣԼɬ껪ʱ׷ݷ塣
ǲݷģ
2
һɱ磬Ľ۰ߵ˴ѾƣȴײǱֳ
굼ݰ忡ڽݷ壬װʲôߣ㲻ǺȱǮôĽɫ벻Ҫˣ
΢΢һ¶̨ϵ¶
Ľ۰ǵϸӰĳЩͻȻԽʱ⣬ƺƵײļ䡣
еһԵĿڸ
Ľ۰˽ȥؿԣЦţôܵˣûҼ
ºݷ䵭ԶлĽ۰ȴʹһ䣺˵ȱǮҪҪԸң
3
Ľ۰ɫϣûע⵽ǸͷĵߵʱȶӶǶµģݷĿûֻо塣
Ҳûע⵽Լתʱݷ崽΢䣬Ľ֩ڵȵŵ
4
ʱһеݷһ
ҪԶռ⡣
´ĻǡֶΡ
cp1ΪǵӢXΪӪĵϵ̲蹥
#1v1he˫˫򱼸#


 109  ˿
ƽûзӦ, Ȼָֻܻʢţ˿ɢ, ǽڣȫ㶼ʢϡ
Ǵʹ, ɫӵĺﵹӳʢģ𽥵һģˮָʢɫķ˿, زȥ, ʶķӦ
һ˿һʢ䣬ĺӶᣬݼմ÷, ϸ׵ָ΢
ǰЩ, ҲûкõȥĻȣЩζ, ۽޸Ų˲
ʦ֡
ƽ糺һƬ, ȵʢſʱ˶Щ, ʢؿ, ȫû
ָⱻסʢĴ, Ǵ˸ӣһ, ʱҲûʢ, Լһͱ
ʢóһžµ, ׺ŽΪϣϵ֮󣬰ס
մȵĴУƽЩϰߣקסʢ½ǣʱճˣʢǣ¥ԹԵظʢ
һ¥ֻмӣ󲿷ֵĵӶȥˣһЩԼš
˴ߣʢǰ棬ܿȺ
𣬰ŻУתɵӵĻЦСߺȡ
õС𣬺Ǹ̻࿴ۣʢע⵽ˣȥһЩ
Сǳ״ģж˿Ѷ˿֮Լȼգܸȼճͬ״
ʢһѻòסһʢ仳ʵʦ֣Ҫƣ
ţȻ֪ûʵ
һҿ
ʢԳһĶ˿֮ðһƬâԭɢ⣬ڰбһ״
ӷʷʵģԼβ͡
ƽϲ΢΢ЩϲӣҾú棬޲ſʢֱϿʦֺôģֻ𣬿ɲɱġ
ôҪʢֵһһԲεĶֳִ֡
ƽָָʵʲôľͷ
ʢ䡰šһһӱſľͷϣ˸ƣˡ
ַ⣺
ƽҲѧʢûʢĿɰ˳ſȥеĵӱȽģڰܡ
ˣȥģֹ𣬻кܶС뿴ʢȥ
ûһĿڲԶϣǵһ
˶ߣƽһңӳİϵ仨׺ԣβ·һŹâ
ʦ֣㿴
ƽѻһ״滨ʢһеŮӵĻġ
ҲѧţΧɷ״ɫǽɫͺɫ̹һĽ˿ƶɣЦ⣬ѻʢǰ
ƽԼûע⵽ԼһεĿסϸ΢е֯һ𣬷ȴйɡ
ַ⣺
ƽﲻú˼ֱ˻ˡϸ΢׿ƣҪϰ飬֮ǰ꿪˶ʮ飬ýԼѧˡ
ƽڻڣԼĶ䱻һ£ʦֱԼĶ䣬ûܷ⣬ȫ͵ʢǰ
ʦ֣òÿ
ʢ΢΢۵ױӳնЩ⣬Ƭڵī΢šһ۵ף΢˶
ÿ
ÿǰꡣ
ɫƵߣµ˫β΢䣬ü۴͵Ц⣬һЦȵ׺ĽҪ֡
ȼգںڰһشΪҷڵϡ
ƽתǣʢ䣬ԶϷ̨ȼ޴ڰһ񣬵ǻһӳճ죬ܿڱĺ档
ʦ֣˵ΪҪ׼Щ
ǲҹǵĹÿһǰɽĵӶУ
ƽע⵽һܲʵ̷֪ʢϲЩܺͽ󷨵Ĳϣܶ඼ҪԼңҪڵгѰ
ǣʢȥʢ׸Զ޴𣬶ǰδ˵һУ֪ΪΡ
Ŷƽֻ˳ںʣӦ˻ȥҪʢܣǣʢ䵽С̯ǰطͦƫڳﲻ٣λúΣϸֲˡ
ʦ֣ҪҪҿҿһܡ
ʢãҲʢã㻥࣬ӦõģӦҲӦ
ǣˣľͷûлش𣬵Ǹ骯󲽷ЩҪȥ
̷һŵӣ׾ӣƤĶˣ꣬ȥҲûճá
λСӣûеģһ»ǧûбϸõˡ
ʺ󷨡˿ͭ̽𣬽ۡܣʺʵ䶼
ʢڿϣ̷ѯһţҲ˳ſȥЩ϶һЩϡŹֵĶƺûκϵ
ʲô޵ӡ֮صĻʯϵĹͣ˿ƤϡŹֵʲôС
Ŀһ͸ϣ鲢ǳɫȥӦĲʡ
ǺɫģЩɫϸ΢İɫɰʯʣȥ׵̶
ע⵽ҪǾúʢ۾
ԱûôܣǿϣȥԱ߶һֻ֣֮Ҳǿϡ
ߴһ΢Ϥ
ô
ƽ˳ſȥĪ
ûüأ̷ϰҲˣЩΪѣֻһţǷվŽ޵ۣͫ۸Ҳ󡭡
ǿͬʱУ˼˭
ƽͦҪģõѽ˭ƽﷴӦ̵أ˶Ѿˣԭš
һֻֻקʢӣĪƺϳ΢šü̷ϰҿԳ˫ļ۸񡣡
ƽ챿ʢӣ˳קק˵ʦ֣Ҫ
˼Ҫʢ
ʢ俴һ۽ӣ˼̷⺧ҳ
ⲻǼ۸⡭̷ӷϳǷţĸǣҪ
Īʢ΢ͣһᣬֿԱקʢ꣬ƣȥֱ׳
ܳߵļ۸Ѿطδҵʵġ
˼ǲԸá
ƽʵҪҲûʲôãǲĪ棬绹ʢأΪֱ׳ȿϵġ
Ӧý󵽰ɡ
ĪĻ˼ĪʢȤͬһõġ
̲סغ˼룬ôʢ䣬Ҳǰʢİɣ
òԸĪ
ʦ֡ƽСһקʢ䣬εǲ˵ʢ䣬Ҫʢ
ʢ俴һᣬסָ⣬Ī棬ɤ䵭Ƕ̷˵ġ
ʦȿϵġ
ĪԭΪеķһӦͿֿһ䵭ģױƤԻ
ˡ
Ŀͣһ˲
˵˿ֻṴˣɽƻ졣


 110  ɽ
ֵ¥, ѦĽǶȣܹؿԶˡ
ƽקʢ֪ڸ˵ʲô, ࿴ۣһջߡ
Ӷڴ, յСͽǸģʢҪ֪Ѫա
΢΢üԶʲҹǱһ޵, Ƕ, ͸¶ЩʺѪɫ
ãܻգӦ˶ǵ
ѦָĦϵĵ񻨣ûлظ, ֪г˼
һжӼƻ, ûʢ䣬겻ϵ⣬ֻ׸ķݡ
ҺθɡѦЦЦؿһ, ûʲô˼, 㲻һֱңҲ֮¡
ɤº, ǡ
Ըһλ, ɲеڶΣеڶ, ʱӲɱ㲻κӰ졣
ѦĶҪ, Ӷ, Ĳˮ顱ط, ֱӷ¥
ĿϣѦżת˸¥µѾ뿪ˣڳֱվһᣬԭͣǴ̷С̯ǰ
̷Ѿʰ뿪ˣѦվԭأԼЩԳ飬΢һ£һõؿʡ
ǸɫߵҪʲô
ƽǿӣԭֻǾЩʢ۾ԽԽϲůˣӳյĵܹɳڷ⡣
ʦ֣㿴㿴۾ˡ
ʢ俴ʢԿһۣ˵˾䡰񡱡
Ҿ񣬡ƽҲָʢ丽ӲˣѾҹĻͨĵϣҹлǳ֡
ǷĪСƽܿ׵Ժ󣬷Īߵʱ򿴵ĳ
·ģһʢһģһ˶˶Щ᲻óԣһ·ţ·ϻ˴ѩ
ҹ˵Ҳ˵СҲСΪնʹ䵱Ľɫʱάе
ƽ˶صջʱҧһڣһҧʢԴֻʣһӡ
Աߵľͷһе˶΢ֱû˵ʲô
ʦܣŵСȥһķ䡣
ƽջصջǴߣϵĳƺС˶
Ͷƽԣ˵һᣬСѾˣѶ
ҽɫߵСӡ
СֻͶ͵ͲˣһԴ֣Сʦܿ򿪿ǲĸеӸ͵𡣡
ճʢУĴġ
ƽΪʲôеӣʣΪʢԱߣҪԹ黨֮ģں˼ĸĽʢĵӸµսҲ˵
ģƽֱӱˣ治ս飬Ҳ𣬶һ
䣬һֻֻ۾Լóһģһ
ʲô֪ԵɣȤͷӵģôʲô
ⶫܸ
ƽ͵͵һʢ䣬ʢϢδ˵ССҲ֪˭͹ġ
涼̽𣬿˿һ𣬼۸Ӧòˡһ￴
ʱ½˻Ѧڹ̨ﲻ֪ں͵С˵Щʲô
ʦϲƽ˳Űѽ͸㡣
˼͸ģʲô
ƽɽһһŲЩҡҡͷѾˣҲ֪˭͵ģҲȥ
Ҳˡ
ʦŰɡ
ƽ˵ʢ¥ˡ
ֻ⼸ŵĵӣѯʵСԱߵѦָϣ顱һѿһѷ졣
СĴˣһЦЩάֲס
˶ֹ֣ô°Ѧʦܰˣ
ӣʹľСֵǮɣ
Ѧջ֣һŵۣü˼ֻ֣
Сӣû´Ӹʲôͦʢҩĵ־ô󣿡
һ߱۲֪δСûע⵽ѦѾˡ
˵ϹͩľƭɵӵģˣʦܶЩʦ֪ܿ
ҪһŤͷ߿յģĻӰ
Сίӣ㿴ӣһǿǩֻѺģ𻵿ջв

ƽʢ˷䣬䷿䣬һʼн֪Ƕһֻ۱һֱֻۣʢ䷿ˡ
ǿӣקʢ½С˵ʦ֣Ҳ֪˭͵ġ
ʢ䡰šһûй˼ȥϵߣĲ϶ϡ
һᣬȷʢûСʢԱߣʦҪҰ㡣
ʢӦһó
ҲûóԼƣǰɽĵӶУɽĴ󣬵ȵɽʱܹǴȥɽ
ʢҲóԼƣ˷ݵϵĶ˿˿һ˿˿Ƶһϡ
ʦ֣ʲôƽЩʡ
ȥɽͣڻȷʱ䣬ǰ׼ǲ̫Զ
ʢ俼ܵǰӣɽô򵥣кܴʻὫǷֿ
ƽŶһ϶һߣԼƣʦҪһʵЩ£ʦһƺʦ֡
̧ʢ۵ףʢջȥΪҪ˵
ƽôЩסʢһҲЩ
ұ˱㣿
ƽʵһһ㶵ģһ䣬ҡͷûұˣδֻʦһ𡣡
Ϊ⣬ԲŻᵣ۶Է
ţԼĶ䱻šһ£ߵŶԡ
ƽԼĶ䣬ûд⡣
Ķⱻʢɤ䵭ô࣬Ҵҡ
Ҳϲȥұˡ
ƽӦٶۣһ仰ʲô˼̵ģڵرסʢһᣬľͷϰڡ
֪ˣʦϲ鷳
ӱʢ䣬ʢ䷺Ķ⣬ſʢ䱳ϣǳʢϵСĢ
ſű㲻Ը⶯ˣʢҲûôʢĲܡ
ԭΪܰæһ֪Ǹֻпŵķݶûһо⣬ſʢ䱳˯˹ȥ
ʢоһϢྱĶ꣬ڴϡ
ڴ߿˯Щӳ͵Ĳ˺һᣬֵͷȥԼָ⡣
ǳ⻹֣ʢ䴹Լģ۽һصӰ֪˶á
ָԼĴһ
һմŨīɫѪڵϡ
ҹҹһҹĺ֮УһеӵĶС
ɤºͣڵૣһڶߡ
ɽѿλһʱѡ󷨴ʱȨԶȡߣλԶǩ
ӭλɽ


 111  Ե
ƽָ⴫ϸ΢ʹ, ߳ʹӦóٶָۣŵ, ŻڿջѾһط
˴Ӧɽ
ɽĸ, ڰУֱӵġзҲܵЩӰ죬صʱ
ƽʱڵϹһȦ, Χ, һƬ֣󴦴һʹԼҧվ, ʶΧѰʢӰ
ÿϵ󷨲һ, ͵Ҳһʢ˶˿Ӧ˾⸽
̫Զ
ƽǽ, Сһ, ԼԼһȦ
Լ, ʢ䲻, ΢ԥԼɴȲˡ
ȫûԤ, ԭеΪеģϨһ, ɽɽ֮ʱ
Ҳû˵ʲô
ƽһ, ʲô
ʲô˼ߴɤ, һյɽĴ̲ΣͬʱҲлԵ
ҪԼ취ȥҲ취ô˶ᱻһֱ
ƽĴһ£ûʱ𣿡
ǵƺ
У⣬ǲѾǩʱ䵽ûȥʲôԼ롣
ӦڡƽЩţָ⻹ڳľƤһѿע⵽Ļ죬ĺܸߣһס˰¡
ǰȺʢϱȽҪʱóԼ󴦵ĺߣֱźߵķȥʢ䡣
ƽﴩУɽƫͣƺгǳأǷĳǳأһΧһѯʷ⡣
⣬㷽˵Щģ
ŵɽǱӶ࣬û˵
Ȼַ⣬ɽҲԶеҪпᣬ̭ʺܸߣζֻͨ
ʵڲЩӵ⵭ǲδϹսаսԶпĶ࣬սĵط
ƽʲô˼
˼ܹõõɽǰˣ⻰˶٣ѾȲˡ
ƽȲʲôайأ
Կǣ˶þͻ֪
ûֹܹʱ˳
ƽ̫ЩʲôŴ壬Ҳûʲô²־
ֻϣԼʦܹƽϲ֣ԸܹݵСǡ
˵㣬ʦֻ᲻Ҫս
ȻҪȥַĿЩֻʣһƲлܼ꣬Ķ࣬ǵû
ַ⻰˶٣һԴʱֹʦ֣ŵӶҪͦҲҪȥ
ʦҲҪȥǺΣգƽЩûԼ뵽ʢսﵣģ̫ʢȥ
ΪʢǿԽҪȻҲࡣ
ٲԼɽ
ƽŶһһֱźߣԼʱûҵʢ䣬ǻصʼĵط
ϻӡ
ƻˡ
ƽ˳ſȥȥһƬ֣һۿͷ
⣬۷𣿡
ûУ⣬Ȼ󷨣̫ãɽ֮һ߳ȥǸ⡣
ڻʱҹŵڶһʱһʱͻᶾ
ƽɦɦ䣬ȷԼûǰû߳ȥǻᱻֱ̭
ǻַ⵱ɽʱһһľõģΪܹŵʷδѡ
ļǸССţݰǸ⣬һСݰĶ⡣
Ҫ֮ǰȥȥ˵ʦ֣ܻû
ƽЩ˶ҲûӦʦô죿
ٵ㶮Ķ࣬ʲô⡣
ƽԷģԼգֿǰӰص֣Ҫôȥ
󣿡ƽ֪ڲܿϵĺߣ˽һ㣬ԼֱֱҲǴδζ顣
ʮ¾Ŵˣһλʧܣضѽ
⣬Ҫôܳȥ
ַʱЩһ·Ѿ̫ΣԸѯĵЩ΢㡣
ǼǰͬʵͬҪԼȥ۲졣
ƽԷۿȥȷʵһһľĸоƺһ̫Ĳ졣
²Ҷķܲܿͬ
ƽԿ˺һᣬ̵ҡͷ
ַ⻹˵ʲôǰǰȥҶļ⣬һȥԱߵġ
Ȼһȫһ
⣬˲һƽñһˣЩݰڷŵƺйɣÿһλöн
ʲôأѲҪ߱ݣҪһȥ
ţ˵ΪߣЩ۶ַܿ⣬㿴ֻĻʧܿ۾ҳϸ΢仯
Щߣƽ˳קһѵϵĲݼ⣬ݼӵһԡ
Ȼʵʡ
ȥ۲ǵ仯֪ƽﲻ׿ϣ뻻˸˵ܹչ۲ϸ΢仯ƿ󣬺ҵʦ֡
ƽ΢㶣ʵ棿
ţԺʦֲֶֹ᷽࣬仯ҲУһһľ仯ͬ
˸۲죬ʦ۱ʲô㶼ܹϳһˣܰץ
ƽеȤֶǰĲʣӦô
ܰʦץķǺѧġ
ȥ۲ǵ仯ֲ仯忴ƣʵÿһ֡ÿһ꣬仯ͬ
ƽװģرۣѧ˾ܰʦץѧʦ־ܲˣѧʦһ첻ҪҲûܡ
ԽԽˣۣһ̣żžǰֲ޵˿
˿Ųݼεԡ
⣬ǲ˿һĶƽֲЩģӦû
ǣַⷢһµĽ֮·Ķ⣬ﲻͬǵ仯
ƽŶһշ˵ļʵԼҲ֪ûмסȥ˿ģȷʵôͬ
ѡһ·ǵòֲͬ仯Ҫǵͬıܿ
ƽȥı㲻ȥߣҰ𽥵ؿЩԵĸоǷǸط߳ˡ
ƬֹҲ֪ʲôʱ߳ȥ
⣬ʲôʱ߳ȥ
ƽһ죬ƺȷŰһЩ֪֮ǰܲ߳ȥ
߲ȥô졣
ȻĶֱһ£Լӡ
ƽţԶƺж˲ͣŲЩ裬㵽˻档
˵ʲôǽδ޵ģ
У㣬ֻʱ
Щ죬Щɢζ͵͵̽ԴȥڲԶϤӰ
Ѧ͡ѩ
΢΢ɴۣΪλյһŤ˻ȥվԭû֪ΪҲͻȻ
ƽǣԭؾţ͵͵ŲԶĶ෴·
һûŤȥһŴսŴ
Ѧ΢΢üЦЦؿ
￩һƽǰֻʣ֡
ˡ


 112  
ô
ƽûзӦ, Լ󾱴½קסˣѦյߣ˵ʱϢ, һ㼦Ƥ
ࣿ
ѩŶЩ, ȻЩ
Ϊλ
ʵͬһ⣬ƽ˵˾䡰֡²Լǵ㱳Ѧǵû, ɤЩζ
ࣿ
ѩ֪Ƕ˵Ĺϵ, Ѧָϣ΢΢šüɿ
û, ƽյе㲻, Ѧʹѩ˵ĿյýʴһѦ飬Ȼɿصһߡ
ͲӦù, ƽô, Լ½󣬶Դѩ, ʦֻǰ, ʹ˱ټ
Ͻ뿪, Ʊûзʲô¡
վסƽûת, Լǰһѽ, ѦƵס, ʦ֣ҿѹһɡ
ȻΣأһˣ»û߳ȥͻᱻɡ
ƽҪܣԷΪߣһ֪Ѧʵݣ̵㵣ģԼа취ȥ
࣬һˣѩ㲻һһһᱣ㡣
һһ࣬Ѧ΢΢ۣЦЦؿڣ˵δޣɣ
ƽЩͷۣŴѩ΢ľګģˣǲشʤ˻ش
ǣûκιϵ
š
˼ͬʱڣѦĿһ˿һԼµô¡
ƽѩѩ˸ֱ˵ŻǸϽ뿪
ǿһ飬ûйϵ
ѦûԼݣƽʦܣ㻹Ǹһҿһʱϵʢ⡣
鷳ǰɽĿģһΪԵڶΪˮΪʥ
ΪʥǰɽǳʢȥģǱߴʱһ֡
ƽЩסˣԭվһᣬﵣʢ䣬Ծս֪ںδ
֪Ѧ֪ҲߣͲʢϽãСܴˡ
࣬Ҫȥʦ֣
ƽӦһ˾һģѦ黹ڸװҲװȥѦʦ֣㲻صңʦ֮ϵЩϡ
ʹ˱
˵һ飬Ĵѩںࡱࡱĺ˺üûлͷֱӱˡ
ԭԼôˣƺЩ˳Ȼܿ㷢ԼһҲûʱһˣβͲԶظš
ͣ£Ҳͣ£ߣ˲ԶظһȦͼ˦˦ˣûһں
ƽǰţͣתѦ鲻֪ק˸ݣòݱӣקβ͡
ԱߵĴѩע⵽΢Щ˼Ҳͣ
ǲӬַ⿴һۣƽǹ
ƽ΢㿴˵𣿡
ҲЩûһָ⣬ǸţȻԸ⣬Ǹһ𡣡
ɤ㿴˻᲻
ͬһ˵ķֻ꣬ĳЩطչЩƣһᡣ
ƽû뵽ô׵ЭŻǸš
ڣҲȻ˦Ǹţ˿϶֪ʦֵ䡣
ƽ֪Ҳҡ
ʶûи
ǰ滹һˣһǿܻϣһ˷Ǹţǿ϶ͷ
ƽԭû׷˼ֱԶӷĪ档
ײϣ׼ȷ˵ƽһˣţƤճЩĪҲ
ĪһȺӣģ֪ϵģĵĪΪס
㣿ĪЩ⣬ĿϣӹѦڴų³۵Ĵѩ
Ϊλնʹһ
ƽԼʵùȫˣʢȴû
ҲĪһûлӦɫѾˣҪǳȥ϶ͻӡ
ʢֿˣĪɨˣдЩɽֻ˿ɲС
ƽӦûĪڳͷʾллĪѣƨ͹鷳ˣɲٸĪǣ
лĪѡ
ƽԼԿǣǲͬ··Ͽпʦ֣
Īѹûش⣬һߵĵ˵ȥˣغ
ԼûȤûٶʣ׼ֱˡ
Ѧں濴ţ˴ûֲǰ˵˺棬ɤɢ֪Ǹ˭˵ġ
ɽֻȷʵС
˵ţؿһĪһȺӣЩζ
Ī߲Ѧϣ˲ʱڸбȽϵͣһھЩ֪Ϊǳ
Ƿĵӣ
ѦװûŤͷ꣬һ䡰
ˡ
ƽЩĪѦסѦקˣѩĿĪһѲһȦȻȥ
˶ûлشĪ棬ƽעѦϣѦǳĵģѩû롣
ʲôԼߡ
ƽŤţһȦɴյۣýһѦֱ
ˣѦɿɤûûӣʲô˵ģ㣿
ƽԼ۵ЩŤ֪û£Ѧһۣڵʲô¡
ܱܲҡ
˭ˣѦЦǳ·ǲߣ·дˡ
ƽöԷ̫Ժֳ︡һǷ˵ǸҲ˵
ͬĶѦ
࣬ѩһֱԱ߿ţ岻ϻҪǾöԷʦ֣˵ʲô
ƺ̫ϲԷ
ѩǰƽǰѦ΢šüˡ
࣬ʦ֣
ƽûͷҲûҡͷöԷѦֲ̫ȷԼϴˣڻûץԷСβ͡
ֱЩһߴվţѩѦһһԭãȻѦͿʼ䳰ȷ
˭ƨ£ֵõܣ
һһ࣬㲻ʶֲ֣ࡣ
ѩȷʵʶ֣ƽˣϲԭѦЩʶʱɫ˼֡
δޡ
˼ôô
ƽһɫɦɦ䣬ǵԼδûпڷΪѦѾֿʼˡ
δޣô֪Ǻʱס
ǵԵġ
ģⶫҲɵţ
ƽЩģվţ˸ǷһŲ񾭲ûע⵽ĬĬŲ
ԭΪ˦Ҫһ˶ϵʱƺȱƽһᣬһɽһСʯӽȥɽûзӦɽ
ԼڽѳСʯͷȻ󲻶ˡ
ҪѦü˵ʲô۽ͻȻɨʲô
ĴѩӦͬͬʱһ߿ȥ
ΧյģԭĹ꣬Ѿˡ


 113  ʦ
ʱ֮, ƽɽˣ΢ֱԵزôˡ
Ѿʼ, ǽûȥ
ѦѾɽſڲ˽磬֪һѲ, ڵϵȼɽֳֵ︡Ļ⡣
ܹסĶѩƽԱߣдŹػ
, 岻
ƽԴѩЩ, ҡҡͷԼ΢ЩۣԼɴ΢Щ
ҵ, Ѿ˶, ƽϻ֡
ƽô²ۣŻ֪ʢǱôˡ
û, ôҹġ
òԶ, ѩ˵ҵ
ƽ, Ѧһ, Ťͷȥ
Ѧڵϣɤɢ, Ÿʲôɻ
ʲô, ǻܳ㣿
ƽЩ, ̵վ, ĥĥعȥоѦ¡
Ҫʲô
Ų𣬲Ҫˣȥ
ƽûӦǰһӰѩǰ࣬ҿŲȥǱߴš
ŸʲôɻţѦЦЦ⹦򣬲ȥ
ɽǻûֻ̽ǲһ硣
һȥѩƽǰ࣬ƽ࣬㲻õģһᱣ㡣
ѹñƽԶһġ
ѦЦһƽȻҲջǸһȥ
ƽѦȷʵȥۼŴѩҪܾڵҳȥô
ʲôأѦϹֹ֣ﻹޣȥȥͲˣ
ѩҲƽһ˹ȥԵ࣬ȥҸһ𡣡
˾͹ˣȥʲô֡
Ը⣬ѩһȥˡ
ƽм䣬Ѧ˵һڶ죬㻹ܡ
ԼĶ䣬оǲӬˣ΢ûдѦ
ѩ΢΢ǰһ㣬΢šüûҲһܻĺúõġ
ɽû񣿡ƽˣ˵ȥҪ
Ʊһԭûдᵽˣоֻۼ
ΪСУⱻǣ
񣬡ѩҺԽǷֿˣ֮ȥǡ࣬һЩ㡣
ҪҪң
ƽϴѩ۵ףѩ۵׷ЩЩڴѯûǿ
ҡҡͷѦһԲ죬ĻɽΪ㣬𱻱˻Ǯ

ƽѦˣ֪Ѧ²Ƣػش𣬡ˣҽҲճ֣Ǿͷֿ
ѦǲУøһ𡣡
׼ܡ
ѩüΪҪģ
ʦ֡ѦȻڳģȻӦҵġ
ƽûдˣпն첻һܡ˽⣬ע⵽ּһ޵ĺڱգʵĿ
֮оģ·һڴ˿̶˯Լܹһɺ
ȻסûзӦ˱˽磬ײѦؿڡ
Ѧ󣬡ЩǸ߽аҪ
Ҫǵ۾ᱻƻ󡣡
ƽס˵ǸȻһۣЩŤһСſңۡ
ѦɿĿϣ˳ʣôŪġ
ѩĿҲƽϣɴע⵽ˣδڣûд
ģòѦɿסԼԭͣƲͶԷһֱʵס
㷽˵ʲôа
ƽڽע⵽ֵɺںһܿ쿴
ܹӦ١
ֹ壬и߽аУԺΣա
ҹжѡ
ѦõѣǲԣڶܲܳȥȫǿΪڶֻЩ鷳
ǷϾͲһˣƽŲһӡ
ƽŶһۼ֮Ъ˼ָĦԼĽʣֻɽ
û΢һƺϾƽȥѲЩѦġ
ĳȷʵӰ죬ǶѦӰƺǺܴ
࿴ѦۣôһᣬѦֳȥһˣ˲մЩѪ˵ϡ
Ѧע⵽ߣ΢΢üڵϣߵλá
СҰ㿴ˡ
ѩƽߴţԶƽ࣬ҪҪҰ㿴
û¡ƽԼڻţŷŵ£ʵڶ
ΪβܡѦ˲޻ǣΪħ޼ڶа򽻵˳¡
ֶʵɽǰǧǰĹսģʱа⣬ֻҪи߽аڣıֶ
ѦĶǰʱԭаϡ
Ѿˣƽ˳ʵߵǾŽޣ
ǰѦü΢̧дϸ΢Ц⣬ܸȤôҹܣ
Ҫˣ
Ҿʣƽ˵һѦҪʮ䣬һߴѩĿ⣬ѩǺܿ
ѩҪûҪԼڽţ͵͵ظ˵仰
ԼС⣬ô˦ǡ
˴һʵЩѦӬ˵ģѩһֱĿճϣеͷƤ顣
ȥʦ֡
ʦΪʲôûңǲΣա
ǣش⣬ʦ鷳Щѡ
ˣһǳʦģΪʥһǳġ
ƽûףǣɲô򵥣նʹѰˮ
Ѿ鵽һЩ˿Ϊˮϵˮ䡣
ƽˣ⣬Щô֪ģ
µģԴҪˣĲһ棬𿴴ѩʵ˼ǳԱѦĿǰûдĿĽӽ㡣
ˣѦֻС˽ĿǰǼӬ˼򵥵ġ
ӬǲӬϻһ
ƽĻ˳̧Ѧڿ΢Ŵѩۣ޲ýֱ˺á
ҲûҪѩһ߷ţûˣںͷ
ȥʦ֣⣬żʦӦҲڼ㡣
Ʋ̫ã˵ţһɽĺѾ·ˡ
ʦʲô鷳ûˣ
ûٿڣƽֺ⡱ⶼû
ȥ˯ȥˡ
Ѧʹѩڣƽ˯ˣǽۣԭܼ֣ӿ
ѩһصͼۣƤӷ·ճһ𽥵˯˹ȥ
ɫŨɽѦɫˮסײһ𷢳Ƶ죬һ˸
ѩ˽꣬¶Ƥ΢΢ţЩ䡣
η㣬ʱʧ
´ٷңҲɱ㡣
ѩɤܳһ۱Ѧͬһ꣬Ըȴȫ෴ѡ·Ҳȫͬ
ΪǱͬԸӻ⡣
ѩԭʧ
̤һ̣ԭͣ
ΧŨɺ֣ԶĵطһģӰ
д֨֨ǳ¾ɵľת˿˸ģӰֳ
һ˿ƵĿܡ


 114  
ƽò, ߵĶѣۣĿǺɫ, ԿײӲţΧΧƵĺ
Կһ, ûзӦԷԴҲӲģӵЩۡ
ƽںпһ΢, һ˫һ, ӻְȥġ
ɲʢ֮ǰĿܣôˣ
ʱס˿ܣʦ֣
ܱ, ͵͵Ӧһ, ȷʵʢȷʢ䣬Ӽ
ʦʲôʱ, ΪõĿ, ûˣ
ƽһһʲô, ͻȻ۽ɨʲô, һȥˣӭ, һͲա
顱һɴնϵľ޴, еа˵, ˺ѷεĲҽ
ҽɦ˵öĤ, Щ̶ƽһʶػʢĲʢ仳ŨִĴѩ
ʢŨﴩձܿ˴ѩĽ⣬һһĽ⣬ѩں׷ǣ·˿ŨӰ졣
ȻȫӰ죬ֻڿ˭ŵʱ
ƽΧŨƣʢ߲˽磬ԹĵʢһҪס磬һҪСаҪܿѩĽ⡣
ԭЩʱȫޣ˿޵˿ߣָעȥ
ȲܴѩΪ׷ǣֻҪʢ۾գĻѡվʢߡ
Ͻ֯ԶƿŨдѵ졣
ۿŽӭƽЩһ룬ʢĽ뽣ײһ˿ϿڰлɢڰС
ϳЩƤѾ̫ʢ߿ܶʲôϡ
ʢж죬ﴩУ𽥵ذѴѩ˦
˿Щңһֱڽţرʢ䣬ţ´ѩͻȻ
֪˶ãʢߵĽЩŲסְŽһɽ
ɽʢ㽫ԭز˽硣
ʦ֣
ƽ˳ԭվţſʢģ
Ŀ̵٣ʶʢͬϳٱȲʢòޣī٣ͬһ̶˿мϿʢڳԼϵ˿
ûһᳶˣʢ䳯ǰ΢΢ֱס
󴦻ɴʢĦָ⣬˿ڣôŪġ
Ҵ͵ɽʱûע⣬ˤġ
ĿǰûʲôΣˣʢָ࣬΢˶ʢ
ʦ֣·㻹ûлش𡣡
ƽûˣǱأ
òԶտԴȥʢÿ壬Ӳ䣬ָĦƤϣЩֲڵۡ
ЩˣԲ˿ܡ
ƽˣδˣزأһˣ
࣬ʢ䣬ʢ̧˫۵ף΢侲ЩԾЩί
ҵʦ֡΢ǰסʢ䣬ʢıľͷӲġ
ճʢ䣬ָʢĺɫ˿Ժʢڷģ϶Ҳܺÿ
㲻ҪҷƽСֹ
û㷳ʢ仰˶٣ɤЩָȿ󡣡
Ŷƽ΢΢ɿһЩʢ⿪˲Ƶɴ
ǽڴƤһȦмָӡƺѦʱȥġ
ʢ󣬾ǳˣǾЩָۣĦ󣬶һЩۡ
㣬ƽۣС˵һ䣬һ룬ʢΪ˹ǣѴĹͷϣһ˲һ飬ʶקʢ½
ʦ֡һ۵ģţʹЩʢΪҩ
ʢ䲻˵ҲˣѰӽ࣬ƽĿ˵γϰߣԸԼ˿ڣʢ
´̴ʢ°󣬶ǲ̴ֻ֮ۡ
ƽӦһԼѾˡ
֪ˣǰĳںãʢӻóһЩǵƣǵĵȼգ֪ͷֹͷʶѡΪá
һֱһ𣿡ʢ̧ʡ
·ģ˦ˣƽԼʣѩΪλһ׷ǣ
ƽѦڡ
ҵʱɽδѦӰ
ʢһ˵ţһĦĦЩҪ͵͵ĵջԼ󣬶ʢĿ⣬ʵˡ
֪ʢֱӱֳʵʵ˵˯ˣԭڴ治֪ΪʲôЩ
ƽ˵ɤЩʢ۵ףʢϴΪѩǳָקһʢ½ǡ
֪ʱҲȰʢΪʲô֪ǹİɣ
ǰû㰮֣֪ľͷǴ׾ǿһѡ
ģʦ֡
û䣬ʢָ΢΢ϣһڣ󣬻
ûˣΪʱҺ涾Ѧקȥҿ
ƽɰͰ͵Ľܾͣ˵ʢƺϢ˼֣Էָ˳һϣĴһ·ϡ
Ͼǿܵ壬ȫһ³ʢҪʲôʢ䣬ԴЩĵζ
ʦ֣˵ġ
ɤЩˣβҲű˵ŲԸ⣬Ҳûʢͣ¡
ϾǰƣҲ
ֲڵָƤϣʢ䣬ʢţЩʦ֣
ģܱܲȺ
˵ʢ±ˣƺܵڣȺʢ䣬ɤ𽥱˸
ʦ֣ûлشҷŵ⡣
ܵزأʲô˵
ءʢ˵ְ֣ܿ½ϣҲмˣϥǴ
ʢΪ࿪ࡣ
ûйܣʵˣÿܣԼǱ߻᲻Σգ
Ƥ׾ѩ𽥱࿪ʢ˶ٵᡣ
ħ޵Ľɨˡ
ħΪλƽ࣬߶߶ϵǣֿǽţʢߣú֮ǰһãʲôҪʢ
Ҹʦ֮󻹻ٷֿ𣬡һʢ仹ûлشһӳʢĲЩ졣
ֿ
ƽԷЩָʢʢĽëëһҲǡ
ʦ֣ʱģ
ʢ䡰šһġ
ģȻ˵
ƽ˿˿ģָʢգôʢĴǡ
о̫һ뿪ЩʢӲĺ󾱣ĦһᣬĪЩӡ
˻ʢ仳Ҳȥһ˿ЩһƬȡ
ƽĪԺˡһֻʣһͷ
ʢĺֻǱƽֲڼӲһЩΪʲôΪʲôС

*
лҪ˵
Ժĳһһ


 115  ϲʦҲ
ƽЩܲ, ָʢ½ǣʢ䣬ûܰƿ, ЩĴгĴ֮䡣
ܺȫȣǼǰ÷, ʢǹġ
ʢ۵ףСлһϷǳȣûܹĴ̼, ȶ˳, ָ΢΢⡣
ʦֻ֡Ằ֣ڷ̣ػʢ, Щ, ۡ
ۣʢſǴз·, ʢ, ʢڲٿؿܣÿڸס
ϸһЩ, , ʵʦΪλд̡
, ʢָĴǣ, ɫЩ, ɤҲ˼, ۣ
ʢָգһƬӦûô˵ƽӦҲܴ󣬽ոԣβЩˡ
ۣƽָ⻹קʢ½ǣ̫ʢ⣬͵ʢģʢ仳
վʹҹȥҪˡ
ָʢɫīвУ
ʢһûлظִʢ䣬ʢ˵˸á
ˣҷֱѧ˷ֱҶ˵ѧԺʱҵʦ֡
⣺
ʢ䰲˺һᣬ⣿
԰ͽз⣬ͷɾͬƽܺʢڵ壬ʢͷƤ֪ͷȥġ
ܶ෨
ʢ䣺Ҳѧ⣿
ƽЩ㣬ȷʵǷû˵ˣʢ϶
Īʢ⡣
ǣƽóѣʢЩĿ⣬Լġ
ʢ۽޴£һصӰĬָԿǡ
˵з⣿
ǰƽǧǰзĿ϶٣ʦ֣㲻Ϊɾʲôɡ
ӦǣҲǧ֮ǰˣǷ⣬ոʲô
ƽԼ֮ӣһһ㣬鴩ڻңҲƽƽ棬ΪԼôõĻԵܹͷɾϹϵ
˵ˣʢĿϣ΢ͣһᣬδ
ʲô
ûˣƽƽҲʷẒ̌ΪһʼܾĴࡣ
ҪǸ⣬ ǹƺѧɡ
ҷֱϸ΢仯ѧˣڻǿʦֵ仯ΪΡ
ʣʢĶ⣬һ͡
ƽʵҲӦһʢʦ֣ѩ׷𣿡
ᣬʢ䣬ȵɢȥǾҪ
ƽûʢһܷģſʦ˯ȥָһֱקʢ½δɿ
˯֮ʢ佫˸ϣָüۣĦ˺һᣬջ֡
ǵڶ첻Ϳʼ·ŨѾɢȥƽʢʢ䲻Ӱ죬дɣһ·δͬĲݼ⡣
˵δ߹ͬ·
Ұ𽥵ؿԼһʱɽܶ࣬ϡд򶷵ĺۼѪȥ¡
ƽѪһʢɽ̤ɽ֮󣬿ܱʧˡ
̤ȥŵŨصѪζʯѪн⻮ĳۣǽǿϤꡣ
ʢɫЩ԰ףǽϵѾϲЩɵѪ
ʦ֣ƽƤӺݺһʢߣ˿ĸʢ䱳һ㣬໻ɴ
˵ĲأָȥоЩۣʢסָ⣬¶˳Ŵݹȥ
Ѿûˣʢջزڿϵ˿ǽվɫ԰ףҪȳ֣˶ˮ񶼶㡣
ƽʢĻƿʢ˿ڿֳȷʵѾˣذ·
ʦ֣˿أҪҪߴһ졣
һʱӦ󡣡
󣬡ʢ䣬ҵû¡
ɤ䵭Щ
صҡ
ƽ֪Լֲʢ䣬Ǳ˴ĵطɬۣСð
ʦܸܲң˭˵㣿
ʢ۵׵ĵģ˶ٵ̫ࡣ
ֹħޣǻ˭նʹƽϹµģ֪ҲûʲôԼЩơ
Ϊ
ţЩ䣬һЩõ˼ð⻹ͷһѹֺڰ뷨
ʲô뷨ʢ䡣
ͷĴУʢ۵ףְЩ˼ɢˣʢ԰׵ɫۣСԹԵʦֵġ
֮ȥ
ʢֵĴ𰸡
Ѫ
ȥʱʢûÿ˶ݣŵӵģʢϵѪϢ
ʢڣ˵ã֮ǰ߳ȥ̤һ̣ƽԵĲΧı仯
ûиӵ֯߸˵ĸоҲ·ûôˡ
ߵʢ䣬ʢɫЩףվĺֱ˿϶ۡ
һƬɫ꿪һ·ֳ
ѹѹһ޼ʣʾͷһ޴ںɫɫһ𣬳ӳɫͷѪȾһĺ졣
ʦ֣Ѫ
ʢ䡰šһѪӦ˶ǰѪ
ˮ
ƽԶԶؿȥ˵ˮûһ˲ʲôûüץסܿעַʢϡ
Ϊʢ
̵ɴһ˫ۣʢڿĴָʢıϣ¡
ʦ֣㲻ӲţҲҪˮ
ʣʢɫӰˣƳ۽޲һ¡
ǲҵĶ
ʢ۽̧Ӧ
ѹûʢ˵ʲôΪʢ˿ѿˣһ˵ı˻ҪżЩ֪롣
ʦ֣˿ѿˣ۲ۣǽ춯ȥѪҪȵȵȡ
ƽʱڳ˵ʢ䣬ľָȥҪʢֹѪѪֹס
֪ô¡
ָȥעʢϣʦ֣ѪΪֹסȥ
ʣµĻû˵꣬Ϊʢεˡ
ʦ֣
ƽûзӦʶؽסˣһʢգŷ̵ˡ
վԭأЩ֪룬ߴ
ȴ뿪
ƽָЩʢգһ޼ʵ֣ƺź֡
ʢ䣬ʢеأЩѪԶԵмƾӣ˹ȥˡ
һ·ѹЩò׽˺ص֩ʩһˣʢ䰲ٺá
⣬ʦΪλιȥ
ַһ߿ķɨһۿǽű۵꣬Ա˲٣ӦԼѡ˵˵
˿Ⱦûɾķȡ
⿴СϵǣָСĵԴζ࣬е
ʱӦø꣬ûܹһֱ
ϲʦҲˡ

*
лҪ˵
б߸Ƕдһ£21㻹һ£Ҿȭ


 116  ˡ
ƽѡԺڻ, ׷֣沼˽磬򵥵ʰһ, ڴ齱߿ʢ˿ڡ
ʱϵغúõģ˿ٴѿ, Ѫ͸ʢСʢ䷭
ȾЩħ˵ģƽҪشȥʢ, кܶ˺, еĲûմ
˵ֹħޡ
˿·ճһ÷ֹֿ֮, Ŀ΢˶١
ʢδǰѹ·, ֮⣬ĸ, ǴСһĳ¾˺ۡ
һڼ, һ࣬˰̺, ӷ·ܽʢ˹ᴩ
ƽָ, ʢƤʢƤ¶Ⱥܸ, ȥʢ΢Ľë˲
֪Щ˶Ū, мĪ졣
ƽЩ, ָͣ, ɨ˿ѳī֭һɫŨѪֻع
ĵ׷·һ£ҳҩۣһЩʢ˿ϣΪʢˡ
ɫѪ𽥱ÿ˿ڶ°ĺᣬȻʢ·ˡ
ʢвĺΣ̵ˡ
⣬ʦַʲôʱȥ
ƽҽҲûб˿ʣֻʷ⡣
־ᶨʮ£־ˣڶվܺá
ƽΪΣ
ʢĶͷӻóС÷մʪñȻʢĶͷϡ
ʦ־ܼᶨ
ַ⣺壬ֹȾ壬˵ǡ
ǣѡ
ƽʢĶͷָûһͱˣ÷
вסȥʢؿڣȻһ֮ǰʢġ
ǲǻڶ
ʢɫ԰ףüͷ΢΢ţָȥʢüһ滺
ǣʵʵ˵Ļش𣬡ץסܻ
ǣʥħڱû´ĻӦҪ
ƽûΪηҪȡִ⣬ŻħޣһЩܹȡ֮ȡ䡣
ȷҲȫ֤ҪõϢڱ
ڶʦ˵׸⣬һֱδ㣬ǵôˡ
˵⡣
ƽǱʢĲѡǰδҲʮ߰˵ꡣ
δзḻľܹȥѡ
ʧô죿
ɻǵòʸ񣿡ûлش⣬ǵǰǲ⿪˻ֿʦֻᶪ
㣬ΪǰԵƷǻ˵顣
ѧˣܺúõģ
ƽơеļʢ䣬ԼΪԹ黨ʱϵĵˡ
һƺԤʾѾ֮УʢҲǣУû·ԡ
һ򶼲֪
һܾȵܹʱΪˡ
泤ԶѪ֣Թ黨ĶɫûʾͷԹߵ
ƿ޷ǿޡЦЦ·ڱҲ֪Լǰ·ΪԨꡣ
ſڵһƬԹ黨ڵϣƽһᶼû˵
˵һʲôɤЩͣͷĴУĬ˺һᡣ
ܿͻ֪𰸡
ƽ괽Ǳֱֳ︡޴ĿֻŸУһԵʢ䣬ʢؿڴʢĲ
ʦ֣ʲôʱѣƽʲôҲҡ
ǿ
ƽſʢؿڣϲʢϣʢϻˣʢ»һ
˰һֱʢ䴲齱ߣڿʱԶʴһ޴
Ǿڰ˶ۣ̫ѨͻͻһöסԼĶ䣬һʢ϶䡣
·ڸ𶯣ƽסʢ䣬ʢ˿ڣһػָƽ
ƽʵ⣬ô£
ѪˣҪȥҪѪ
ˮҲ
ƽиģ뷨ֲȷϣ֪ˮǷġ
Ļȥˮλã֪⣬֪ˮ䡣
Ÿʢ˵ķɾûйϵ׻᲻Ѫ֪
ƽſʢ䣬Щģٴγȥ˽磬ȷûκζŻ
ջصʢ£һңʱԽԽ֪ʲôʱͻϿ
ָٴʢͷʱ򣬿ǽڵ껺˫ۣӳһƬڵ۵ףЩûӦ
ž޴ϲغһʦ֡оɤ·𱻶סҲʢϻˣֱӱ˽ʢĻ
ʦ֣ˣ֪֪ˣƽˣȥʢĶͷЩ̣ûзôˡ
ͻȻεҺú£˵Ϣ㻹Ը⡭ƽ߶߶ɤЩίɤģƽﻹҪϸ
ŵָʢһʱֽ׼ȴֱʢ䰴ס
ʢڻɤƣû¡
ʢɤ̧ͷʢ䣬ָʢģ涼亹
ʦجˣ
ʢûлظסָ⣬ȥŲ̬Ĳ԰ףüԵøŨ˴һֲС
һųûС
ǡƽҪָ⣬ҪȥʢĶͷҪָһ̣ͻȻܵһɼ̬Ϣʲô޴Ұ޶ס
ֻҪȥ̾ͳҧĲɴ
ƽɵӣֻˣζʲôȻ˵β׵һǿҵΣУ˲䲻Ҷˡ
ʢ۵ףʢɰû˵ֻ΢΢۽ͬī
ΪʲôһֱüͷƽͣǿԼ򶨣缦ʢߴš
һҲҶ
ΪجΣʢ仹ָһĸ·ĦƤָһƶβ׵λͣ¡
˵ûУƽ³ˣʲôõΣʲʶط
űĲʣָ⻹߬ʢ½ǣʵʦ֣ҷΪ㻻ҩ㻹ûﲻ
̵ˣںһˣ˿۲ۣ
ʢһֱ˵˸ۡ˵˸ûСǻش⡣
ʲôجΣ
˳ֹɣɤºͣڶǴ磬ʢԼ￴Ļ棬ָβ׵ϣе
ûجΡ
ƽ
ЩˣʢˣǱһ˵Уһ˵ûУǲˣҡ
ҲǣԸ˵Ӳš
ƽʢʲôʢһ˳ôࡣ
֪˵ֻңҲҪȻʲô֪
Һܵ㡣
ƽ˵ţίӿʢЩˣ˵ôػӲŸ˵û£ǱһӲɬ޻ſҵĻɬۡ
´ҾͲˡ
һ˵ĻҲͨ˼
ˣǰ۵ױ仯ЩߵϢȻֲ䣬һ˲˵ĸоǵ޹
ʢɤӳϢĵ˼ڴ˿ȿֺڵѪܷ·ڴ˿ˡ
һڣɤֳ䣬û¶ȡ
˵һ顣
ƽ˵ЩˣؿʢɫŰ˼֣Ĳᣬϵָ̫Щ
̱ˣҪֱʢ仳ĵ׻һڣԼЭʢܴܲСظһ顣
´ʲôҡҾͲˡ
ˣ䰲


 117  ʢһ
ƽʢ۵, еˣƽʢһֱ, ׼Э
һʱʢ仹, ڵʢش
ʢϢۣ࣬ûһ
ʢ䣬Щ, һ, ĺױס˱ǰ㣬ʢ
µʱ, ׵ʱ䡣
ƽô, ܿҡڲעַʢϣϺ, ʢ۵, һ¡
˵ǻͨ⣬һܹܵԷ, ֻһ
·ʢ۵׿˼ŭ, ĵǱһ£۽޸Ų˲
һ, ݴʹ⣬Ǻһ, ǰʢǹ˼ĸ, ̫, ̲סʱҧһ¡
Ϊۡ
ȴ˼֮䴫ʹʢڹͷᶼҪˣʢ䣬ֵʢϵˣûܰƿ
ʢ䷴Щмܲס
ʦ֣ۡ
ƽǰ֪ҲۣҲҧ˻ȥŵѪζʢ϶ۣʢ䲻ں
ָקʢ½ǣ糺һƬԭǺߣֲܰʢô
ʢҲַֻʽ²ˣĵҲʶػῼʢ䡣
ֹǴǣжĲྱûһ۵ģƤĥЩ
ʢϢߣմʢϢϢ䣬ɤơ
Ժ׼˵
ƽͻţʢ䶼ûдӦǰҪûдӦ
㻹ʲôԸҡ
˵ɤֵֺ壬ͷۣþûʢĻӦʢ䲻˵ʲôҲǸľͷ֪
ƽһʢָԭ㵽һԼŵʢҲûˡ
ԼһߵĽ䣬ܹʢĿ⣬װ֪ڵװģ̯˵ͼ
ɽĵͼ֮ǰˣƽԭװװӣʢˣʢ·ϳ⣬ǿʼĿͼ
мѪԵֲǼ֣һĳǳأԼʱɽı档
˶˷ĳѪȥ
ǵλãһıԵ
⣬Ѫ֮ǲһֱܽȥ
ַ⣺ţһֱܡ
˶ֻܽܳ
ƽ
ŵͼϵ·ߣ·Ͽܻħ޺նʹǱҵ鷳˵·Ͼжǵġ
βܴʦֱܿΣգƽ˵ĺأڡ
ĿŵͼѪֻһţܻȥȥ֮Ҳкܶ鷳
ȥҲǲУЩӲһġ
ƽȷʵЩΪ˰ȫΪԼҵһȺĵӣֻҪĵԸ⵹꣬ͲΥ棬Ī
Ҫ·Ͽ֮ǰӦôŶϢ
ƽôţԭ˼ڵͼϣߴ͵͵Ŀ̱㱻עĵط·˴һ¡
̧ͷȥʢɢ࣬ղ԰ף۽΢΢̧ڣεȥܿ
ƽǵԼֱŤֻԥһ˲䣬ܿվֻصʢߡ
ϲôԸﻹҪֱ߱һɤȴ˼֡
ﲻ
ʢü۴û˵ֻ
ľͷҲЩϱӿ϶Ƿʢģһ
ҿ˿ڡ
ƽָʢ½󣬸ϣָ㱻סˣ뵽ʲôʢιȥʱѾˡ
úӲ˼
ʢĺȣû˵һʢյøҲ˵ôץ
֣ҿˡ
ƽҲûж֪ʢʲô̼Լһ˵Ҫ衣
ָⱻ߬ţһᣬʢ俪˿ڣԺ˵
ɤ䣬ƽࡣ
ƽָ߬⣬΢΢һȴûбֳʢͷ˿˿Ļ
װ֪飬˵ʲô
ÿ컰ô٣µǶ࣬˵ķ棿
ʢǰϢЩ֪룬Ĭ˺һʣ㡣
ǿɲУƽСֹ˼ʾͲ˵ܶʱӦٶۣʢס
ҲʣҲҪ˵
Ҫҵġ
ƽʢ䣬˵ˣʢ䴽Ǳ԰׵ûʲô顣
һᣬʢ˵˸á
ָ⻹ţʢָֿ̽ʢĶͷЩ̡
⣬Ϊڷȡ
Լࣺûá
Ѿһˣƽżְմʪʢͷϣ䣬ڶͷܹ΢ȡ
ǲǻܣƽ֪ε۷ֻ֪ܡɵӶû취˷ǶôߵΪǲ̴˿ڣѸȾǡ
ǲزסĹػһƬɫָĶͷϣʢ΢Щӳݣε˺һᡣ
·ڸ΢΢
ɢԭ˼ָܵ¶ȣ𽥵ƽ
š
ƽЩ֪룬ʢ˵ܣҲ֪ǺãԼƿƿ޹޶˳
֮ǰ伮ϣƺҩ֭ã֪⸽ûɲݡ
ƽ˵ʲôͱסˣ˱ʢ䰴ʢ䴽Ķ࣬
Ҫܡ
Ҳûܰʱܹʢ۵ףͻᷢһƬӿİɫƫִŨҪ
ƽܾʢجǺйأţָʢļ࣬ȥġ
⻰Ӧ˵ŶԣʦֲҪ춪ˡ
ɨʢˣƺѿˣЩģʦ֣˿ںѿˡ
Ұ㿴ˡ
ʢһֱɣûж˵ʢƺճˣ඼ʢ΢Ϣ
ʦ֣
ֺһһûشسʢѾιȥˡ
ԭŻڳǿƽΣʢСطţԼֲģȥһ磬˺ü硣
Ƿ֮ǰ׼ģз紵ݶᷢ
ַ⿴һӳȥĽ磬綼ϹʯɣռǷ޸Ķ
ڱһƬ
ҿǷ޵Ķģôܼң϶Ȱһ١
ƽ֪飬ֻص˷ʢ仹ڻԣȥ°ʢһ˿ڡ
˿ڹȻѿˣֱŨĺɫЩ֣ʢ˿ڣŲǻúõģΪλᷴȾ
Щʢǹˣ»ҩѪҺָԱ߶һᣬŰɴϡ
ƽĿʢˣתƵʢĸϣʢ䳣ʵԸС
ûסԼС֣ȥһѡ
ôһʢ䵹ûѣֻʲôһֱѹŵĶ͹Գֱӵߡ


 118  ĳ
ƽһ˲±, ԭûзӦձߴȵĴУѸӳһ糺졣
ʢ䡭
е, ʲˣѾιȥ, ʲôҲ֪
Ҳǰԭʢˣå֪ʢιȥ, Ҳ֪
ǲǻҲܡ
۵ŵʢ䣺
ƽԽԽп, ˣָһ£Ŀűøͦ
ƽδ, ƽ, ֮ջ֣ʢԼ侲
ſ˺һᣬ֪ǲߵԵ, ǵû侲, 
ƽЩȷһ, ȷʵֱ, Щ
һᣬһֱûȥ, ܲʢһֱ΢Щԥ
ʢ, ǲװ˯
ƽ˴ʢ, 䵭ûʲô, հޣҲûκηӦ
ܲһֱţƽóСͼһᣬһһۡһֱûҪ侲ȥ˼
ָСͼЩˣҪûطһᣬѵͼˡ
Ƭ֮
ŵʢĵ죬һС˵ôôŪһ߱Թۣһ˵ΪʲôܱС㡣
ҪۣôҲۣűˣʵЩܲĴ̼
ʢ䣬ƽľͷȻˣˣ˰죬ľͷšһѡ
ȻҺ䡣
˵
ƽָЩᣬȵֵʱѾȥ˴ʱ
ûô۹ʢ䲻֪飬ʢ½ǲ˲֣ɾ֮ɿˡ
ʢˣûٳɫѪ·ʵʵذʢסΪ˰ȫԶ˵㣬ʢô
ԶһֱüͷֻȥƺܹӦһȥʢüı㲻ˡ
ƽʢûҶʢĶ䣬С죬¶ࡣ
ҪԱţ˯˶ôճˡ
ƽԱʢһҹһҹûкϹۣƽǵͷ˯ֻˣ˯ȥˣ˹
һֱصʱ˵ţ˰ʱ
ƽּһʢ˿ڣѪҺĺɫǿ۾һȦǳǳѻࡣ
⣬ǲǴ󲿷ֶѾɽ
δ඼ûг
ƽŶһԷЩʢһ죬˵ڶ磬ʢˡ
Ǵ粽룬ʢѾҪȥˣſʢš
ʦ֣˯һᣬ˾ͳ
ƽ˵ֱӾ˯˹ȥʢ仳ԼƺʲôƬ
۽޲˲˳ղ˲䣬Сһ䡰˵Ȼ󰲾ˡ
ʢײ³ΪβˣָˣɫָЩĿմһ㣬΢
*
ѪǰӴǰˡ
˶ŵӷ֪ĸģӷȴ벻ӦСڡһһŮеòͨ壬ŮĴñӺܸߣǰƽƽ棬θ֫ϸ
ҪͬһѪ
òͨꡰšһֱӽ˳ԸĪֻҪĪܹƽ
ԸҳģʵòʧϽȥǱ˵ǹʹΪԼܹõ
ȥϷǳʶȤˣӿһᣬһĿŮӴŵñϡ
ΪҪסʲô˵ģ
òªˡ
ԽǲüԽֱ֣ƿñ
һ룬ŵúһ϶Щ
ƽվԭûװʢģԭֻǴҸŻȥ˰ֻȵĪ档
ǹˡ
ʢ仯˳˹֣סʢָñϣЩζ
ƽ
ӦٶۣڻЩʶˣʢռǿˣ֮ǰǰģڸԡ
֪ʲô̼
Щ˷⣬⣬ûвʦƺˡ
ַ⾾˾Ķ䣬ɤŮװŪôӦ
һۣܿ˷֣Сʣ֪֪ʦʲôجΡ
ʲôجΣǿδַ䳰ȷδزס㣬ĸԸȻˡ
Կĵط꣬˵Ťת档
ַʵѾЩˣôһ·ʢıȷʵ⣬ʸ˼Ҳܲ󣬻д
ʲôδƽЩδǻûз¡
ˣԭ˴̼οüʢԹԸӻûʧ
ֲ˵Ǿ仰ʱʢر
ʢ乿ţ˳ӵǣʢ䣬ӻ۹⿴ʢɢЩϢջߡ
ȥһš
ûһֻˣ˵ƣĪͬˣ˸ڶ档
΢һЩעû̫ࡣֻܶɨһۣƾΪջߡ
ʢαװΪһ㣬ΪαװһڵֻǹͶĪġ
ѪǰվͿˣڽȥ᲻˶
Ӧòᣬˮȥˣԩ޳Ҳ޷ʵǿʢ
˵ʢ⣬ǰƺսͱˣӶ壬ʮһͬץˡ
׷ĵΪͣµ޵󷨣󷨱׵ˡ
šǳɾͽܣ
ǣΪ͵ȥ
ƽǰӵۣǲ˵رֱԵľͷʢûκηӦʢָ⣬ָⲻ᲻صʢġ
ľͷû˻ͷͻ±˲֪˵Ĺϵ
Щűʢɳ˹ֵƼҲֻẦ£˵
᲻صһʢָ⣬ҲûעǣСҲ޷
ûһᣬƵĵСۡ
һԷޣͿȥŮñס̥ǣˣ񽩹
ҷſǳ˹ֲ϶ϣǺۼйһ£֪ôµȥġ
ƽֱ˹֣ЩƣСظʢʦ֣ҾͲһһ
ʱܣʢش𣬿һᣬָĦָ棬ǹ
˿㣬һ̲ס
ƽ
˵Ļߣʢ۵ף˻ȥ˵ؾ棬²Ϊ
´Ůװ˹֡
ʢЩνšһ˳û
һﴩУѪһξʱͣҪͬһɽòԶ˷
ƽʢ˵ĵطţȥñֿһԼȷʵе
ʦ֣ƽЩ˼ʢ䡣
ʢԭûսͣ㿴ĳԼܲ׵ȥ
ǳ۾ǰ˳ͣ˹ϸڲסġ
ƽ²ۣǴУʢչĴǣɤܵͣܣϲ
ģС˹Ҳϲ
ƽ
ʦ֣ζеأġ


 119  ûʢ䡣
ƽԼ, ʢ׵ȥְַȻԸ, Ǽš
ɽֿƽƫƧĽ, ԶоۼһļӣԼΧŵĪ档
Īһ·ǳĺϡ
ɫѾܰɽֵĺ˶, ۼаҲࡣ
ƽֳŲŲ, κע⵽ǣָʢļ򣬡ʦ, ˻۲ۡ
ֻǹ, ԼֱӴչȥˣ˿ûѪϡ
ۡʢסָ, ע⵽ڶ, Ҫܡ
֪ѽ, ֲֻҺʦ, ƽչȥʢڵϵСͼʦֲҪǰҵɱ
ʢ俴һ, Ŀ΢ͣһᣬȻջߡ
ƽһ۵˼, ָⲻ᲻صʢһ, Щˡ
ʦڿʲô
ƽϳɽĵͼ, ֻǣʢ仭ܳ󣬿ʲôѪԱֺӡ
ʦ֣ʲôƽָָӡ
ʢţϢྱߣ˶٣ǵλá
Ŷƽ뻭ĺóϸȥӻϸ΢ĲһԴౡ
ң
ʢ䡰šһһԱߵ꣬е̫ȥԣָ΢˶Ƕ䡣
䣬ƽܿʢ˼Ǳֱʢڵͼддûһְѵͼˡ
ţ洫˶ƽ˳ſȥƺа̫࣬Щ֧Ųסˡ
ƽûĪӹȥ֪˵ʲôӶֱӹ
һайء
ǳȥֻķݣ㵱ܹסǣ
ĪһȥҧҧŽ˽硣ǳһ˲䣬ƽֻ˽ɫѪźиֳɺ
ҲЩ֣ЩаԭΧŽ磬ȴڳײ磬ǽʲôǡ
ߴ̶ĲҽѪֱڻźС
˷ȥûˡ
ƽЩ⣬аע˲䣬Īһȥһаѽ粹ˡ
ɲĪ濴һڵӣ˼ǳԣҪȥˡ
û˭ԸȥһڵӶĬڵĪĿͣϣ̰ˡ
ǰͨ
̧֡
һ촽˶αʳĻ·ǰ૷飬ղǸͶǵģǶҳϻд飬ǹȥ
⻰һڳû˳ԣǶĬϵ˼
Ī泤أƺڿһ飬ʵأ
ɽʱն̣ƽھʯǵĶԻĵȥƵʢϣ
ͷʢĲʢΪˣʱʱػԣιȥˡ
ʵֻҪʢʢһѡ
ʢˣһһ˹ȥ
ǲȥﱩ¶ܹӹĪ棬ǻûȥѪǰΣյĵǡ
ֻ㣬á
ʢҲʮͨɫǻҲڲסĲ԰ףڵ۽΢΢ţǳֻŵֹͣ
Ӷžʯ߿֪ʢ
ƽսԼеĳѪɱа־ЩŨĺ
ʢܵЩˣȫȾմƻ񻯣ԵʱҲø
ƻʢǣʢûʧʶܵʹزġ
һֱʢڱ
δʦֻ
ʢȷʵǻˣιȥдһ档
ѡǰѾεѡ
ƽﰲοԼδУһɹأΣʢĵߣ⻹ֻǸտʼ
ӱܣеΣնʢȥԣʢҲгܲסһ졣
ܻʧȥԼʦ֡
һ뵽ʧȥʦ֣Ҳһ΢ʲôĵֻ֪һ¡
ûʢ䡣
⣬˵ġģ
ƽžʯԭΪԼѡӦޱȼҵľᣬ¶ģҲڿεʢһ˲䡣
ʱѾĵ˱仯
һ١ܻ߻ħͬʱųԳܵʹ࣬Щʲô
⣺ûˡ
ַ⿴ųƺѾ˾ƵЩڲϵײŽ硣
ȥǣҪԼ·
һڣǰ
ƽûлش⣬֪Լᶨϲ֪Լֶܹãȥŵ
ֻ֪£޷ˡ
һȺӻڵۣʯ˳ˣǽշеһ
һûг
ƽñֽĪǰñĪӡ
ʦ֧һ˽ȥᾡסа
һֵӿƽ΢ӡеǸеԸе뵹ٳһ֣Щ
ƽûйЩߣԵĪķʵҲĪ档
˵һסǣ
ƽﻹڴģӲͷƤҾ
Īһᣬ׼ˡ
ܻŻһ㽱͡
⻰ƭɵӵģһ̤ȥôܻŻ
ƽ߻صŷĻҪ£ѾĽ㣬Ҫĵһ£սʤ־塣
˵ѣЩĹҪû𽣡
ƽԼ˸ģЩı죬һȦһȦĽϣ˳󴦡
󴦴˿Ḷ́תɳǵĺ̤һ̣ԹĿԼԨĵ
·зӵصѷ͸ڶߣĺȫǱһ޴ͬƽ֯һڴ˿Ǳȡ˻ǡ
ΪʲôԸǣ
ˣӦµ㡭
ճΪҪǡ
֡⡣
㣬˲аܲšʹʧξɢ󲻵ú𡣡
ƽǱһ㣬ʹҪըѣߣЦʹиָ񶾵䡣
ĵױ˸ӣŨĺΧһȾĵҲŨĺڰðһƬɺīɫ֯Ԩÿǰһʹ֡
һֻڽԨҪ޾ͷžĵȥֻܳںڰѪ֮С
βܶڱǱɬסܷȫ䣬սָڷ
еаΧɺ֣˫Թ۾ڶ
ѹƺҪ飬ƽʶ磬ǰڰһ̣ݴѪζҧԼĴݣָ̨Щ
Ժֳ︡һӰ
£ݱ˵ɫ걳Ŀ·ܹ͸޾ϣ׵ָ⡣
С
ɤϤ
һ̣ؼ·žаΧס꣬ڰ·Ҫɡ
Ȼڽӽһ̣һѹߣӳɫĽ⣬ǳɢ졣
ֻһ˲ɽΪ֮а̼ҷ
ͬʱɽǧ׹֮С
ڰ׹һͨڣĵĳڴ˿̣ˡ


 120  ըë
һڵӶûзӦ, ԭΪƽȥ˳ȥǲûпѪ
ҲûҽӰں֣˶Щ, ȫע
̤ûб˺飬ܡ
ܼ, ӦҲŲȥ̫á
ǶЩ棬еȻ⣬ǵ̣Ὠ, , ڶְɡ
ǰѽ޲ã˵ܻŻһҲӦץ
˻, Īȴûж, ǿŽӰЩ⣬м¡
Īԭû
˲ֶ֪ܼ, һͻᱻаɡ
ӻ˵ʲô, Ī̱졣
ĺŨ, ǵӰԭ, ûܵаӰ죬Ҳû̧𽣡
Ÿʲôô֪ν
ܱɵ˰ɡ
Ϊ, ֻǿˣ
һͻᱻаû
ֻĵӻû䣬аȥ, Ȼһһѹ, ȫԭضá
⴩͸غ, Ӱֳ˳ʣ콣ɢ˰յа
һɢȥ˴˴
¹ɴñϸ׵ָ΢οȥ·ߵɫһ
ºȴּв󣬷·ӦΪ۷
ֻһ˲䣬ܿϢֺѰһƽƽ档
˱ѹѹĲܶĸо·ڣǸĿɿڴмԭزܶ
ƽԭػ˺һᣬԻһƬհףӿĸо·ڡͷ˿Լָ⣬ԼĲơ
޵ĵЩߣ֮⣬иָ
ϣ˳Ųƽǵĺ⡣ֺǴڵĵص͸ģ䣬ܲκ¶ȡ
ƽһƬѣΣЩૣǲͬĲûʶʶһƬңǱӾ٣һۼһƬȵĻʶա
ĲӱһϸߣյѪӿ
ںĵ֮У˱Ե˫ؽ֯˫ؼµʹ࣬ԨԵ˫۾ڿڹƻȥ
⡭ҺܡƽЩòɤѪζӿѾؼ֣Լмģһɾ޴ͷ
ѹฺʶЩٱ
ǲҪˡ
ǣַ⽫ı־۵ףʹֻǸտʼָĶͷΪȥ亹
ȥʦ֣㡣
ʦָ֣֡ЩǣԵЩʶе֮Ϩ
Щ⣬ûг
ƽ£Ϊʲôģʢ仹֪û
ɽЩģȥ֮ϡ
Ī˵ĻǵԼ˵ʲô۶ǹʢ䡣ʹܣʢΨһܹʹҩ
˾ʯ棬Ϥʱŷġʯʢ䲻֪ʲôʱġ
һԴӵĿ⿴
ʢĿ⣬ЩʹʧίͲЩ֪롣
͵͵±֣䡣
ƽоߵɿЩʢͻָ࣬ʢļҪʢˡ
ûͱʢܿˡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱѵġ
ƽǰָˣʢĿ⣬ʧһɶЩʢ䡣
ûã˸˻䣬ʢĿմĳһ㣬ü۱䣬ԻԷ⣬ȥģ
ƽ֪ʢʲô˼ʵôһ㶼⣬Ͼ˵˼·ȫͬ
ʢһֱȴʢ䣬ֻԼǿ
ʦ֣㲻ҪԼȥġ
ƽʢϢԽԽ䣬ŵʹ·ڣָȥקʢ½ǣɤ˼֡
ʦ֣ôңܡ
Ϻۡ
Ķ䱻һ£Ƿ⾾ģⲻϲʢһҪ䡣
оԼмΪѣŵˮȾĸ⡣
ַⱾΪöЩȫûƨãӷճˡ
ȫǰԼʦֵմ۽ҩ
ƽ֪ϸѾѪˣʢ䣬ʢ仹ûԿǰοʢ䣬Щ䡣
ɫ̫ԣʢ䲻ܲһᣬʢ佫ڻײմ÷Ļ
ߴʢɤ
´βҪģʢϢ˼֣֪ۣͲҪٷ
ƽѾ̤·ﻹ·Сʦ֣ʵҲûôۣʱۣ߾Ͳˡ
ڿԼʶͻ֣ᷢĻѾϨˣ˺Ҳ𽥻ָ
еʹΪʶ𣬹Ǳܴʹ尾߻ħҲΪʶҹĻҡ
ԼƽϢԼʶеˡ
ַԭЩȣﻹв׵ġСһԼʦ֣־һУԼʦҲصʤһС
һˣʶĻϨˣʢܹѹסܵЩʹ
ӦҲһ漣
ǧ㣬û뵽ֽһʱ֪ϲǡ
ʢڣܹնսʤһʹһֱܹʢת
һʢʧ
ƽʢ䣬Сճһʢϣϲ˶ţǸ˽磬˿ǡ
˵ģһʦ֣Ҿһ㶼ˡ
ʦֵʲôģҺϲ
ϢзɫСΧʢرʢ䣬üﶼǻϲȥʢ
ʢԭһϢ䣬ôţĿڿһѷ죬Щס
Ż꣬ɤӲ˼֡
Ҷ
ƽﱻߵģƽһҲʢ䣬֪ľͷû취ʢҷųȥһˣϺۣ㲻Ҫˡ
ұһᣬһͲˡ
ƽȷʵˣһӴʢ䣬˶ǴӺĵѶ
ʦ֣ҸոаԺڣһʮûˡ
֪ʢʣʢ䣬ֱʢĶ䣬ʢ۵ףΪڣҿԲЩʹӰ졣
ü峺ƽɤʢĵǱʲôݳζģΪǰš
һ̣ʲôصĶϣʱᡣ
ָⰴüۣĵлҪ˵ȴû˵ڡ
ֻޱصüġ
ƽ˼·Ŀ죬һ뻹ʦ֣ʢ䵭۵ףͻȻһҪ¡
˵ǰ첻Ǳһ¾зӦ
ڲ֪˭¡
ʢһ뻹ΪĻϲݣһ룬ͻȻƿǳص
ʢ䡣
ֱӺ֡
ʢ䡰šһս˵¡֪֪Լεʱʲô
ֻ֪ķӦǰһȽϲҲǲԸ꾭ճԭ
š
һšƽԺһ̱ըë


 121  һ鰮ͻ׶ҡ
㡭ƽʢ, 㶼֪
֪˾ȻôƽҪˣǱҲ, 㡭
Ļû˵ǰľͷǱֱ, Կǲ᲻صرһ¡
ҲûȫԣȻʶ
ʢָԿǣ۵˵ԼǱ, 붫Ǽ˼
ʶʲô˼ƽЩ, ֪ʢ֪ԲŻзӦǲҲ֪
֪֡
ƽ˲, һ㱡, ԭʢǹģ˻ûȫԣֲֶʢͷϡ
ֱռˡ
ֵʢ, ʢûлش, ֪Ѿ³ˣζָ⡣
ʢһ, ⣿
ʵ, ƽЩԥھҪҪ˵, ʢĿ͸󣬷·ܹķ⡣
ʵַȷʵʢ, ĸ֪ǿ, Ǵ
ַ⿴ƽԥ, ̻ģ⣬ָԿǡ
ֱ˵ǡ
ƽŶһʢǷҵġ
ʢ۽һӰһа취ܹԸԸҼһ档
л
ƽ˵ʵôⶼЩʢҪͷ˵ʲô
ûʣֳΣʣżǿơһģһȴƽȫͬˡ
ַûξܻûʢǰ
һģһʢֻ۵һ˿Ȼû̫ȡ
л˵ַ⿪˿ڣƳһߴֵķģԶСĸ档
ƽЩˣĽ磬˵ʲôҪˡ
⣬ô
ַĿڶϣΣһſڣΪҪ⡣
⣬ƽʣʢʳȫͬ
ַɨһʢĺߣǻǷµģ޵ࡣ
һж޴ֻ׸
㡭ַ⻰Լܻס
һǧǰǷծҪԼȥ
ַȻδֹΪл궪ʧ˴ļ䣬ܹͨƬƴԭΡ
Ż׼һΪһвʹĥת˴ʢƽһС
Ϊʲôʢ䣬Ļģ𰸷ޱȻ
ŹڣַʢѾ³ݣЩʥ֮һȷѶԸĶࡣ
˵Ϊ޶Ȳϣڵ.㶼Ƕ֡
ַ΢΢ʢڿͽϡ
㡭㻹Լס
ΪҪ.𰸺ʢ䲻Ǵܲ²
һݽ鰮ͻ׶ҡ
ѡ⣬Ǳ⣬ЩԭͿǰҲѡ·
Լתѡġ
ǰΪ˭·Ѿʣļ䷶롣
Ҳò𽣣ǲԸá
ʢĬ˺һᣬڽӰü̧껹ڲˣЩתûһתķ⡣
а취Щʹࣿʢ˿ڣԼָ⣬кɫ֣ϸȥһŤ
һ仰ᣬɤ䣬·΢Ĺɢһ
ǡа취ܹʹࡣ
ƽ˰죬˲֪ʲôһֱעŷ⣬·۸ʢ䡣
֪˶ã糷ˣûܷ⣬ȵʢߣҿȿʢ˿ûѿ
ʦ֣û°ɣ
ôף·һ˶ʢ䶯֡
ʢҡͷʵ˵ʲôʲôҲġ
˵Ųĵʢ䣬ȷʢû²ŷ
˹УʢĿϣָĶͷ´Ҫ顣
Ҹʦ˵ˣʦֿ϶ͬ⣬ʵҲһҲ뿴ʦˡ
ƽ߻ֹһವĿ⣬ŤͷһǷڿ
Щ飬֪˼Сʦֲô
οһģһҲ²ȥ֡
ȻĶͱšˣšĲᣬƽлһʢ仳
ַϢ꣬ЦһΪҾû취
ʦ֣Ҷ䡣ƽе㲻ˣ䶼ˣʢ仳״
ʢ˸䣬ȻͲַϢˡ
ַ⣺
ƽԭ仹ۣ汻ʢͲˣʢϵķ䣬ԭȡû
ȡ⻹ͷϣһ˵Ƣܲǵһȣȵ˵
̵ظڣ⣬侲һ£һٷ
ߵĽ磬Ӷ˽ʱʱؿһǵķ򣬸ֲ²ⶼС
ƽȥǸֻ֣ҪܻѪС
аѾɢȥ͸һ˿⣬ӳһƬɫ
ƽʢһȥɸڶ棬Ϊǰһ£ӶЩɻǣҲӴ˵
λĵӷδϳ۲ʶ̩ɽ֪λĸĸŵģ
ƽ˵Ҳ֪·ʢ׼ģ·ϰСģͲǵ֡
񡣡ڱһ
еӴѾ¿ģΪһֱñչһնаδķա
ƽЩ÷ϻֱӱƿñ¶ų̺۵
ԭĽڿƽ֮ŵԭסɫ̱ˣȻתεˡ
߻һ䡰Ůħͷ
ƽǳ˳飬ʢӣΪƿñ˶ˡǣŵľͷһӿʢ䣬ĿⶼЩ
һСûкܶע⵽ǰĪֻͷһۣĿȺƽ΢ͣƬ̡
*
ķ峤ϵ
λŸĴϣǴŲͬ־ĵۣλýŷĽɻơ
ϣپĸ²ĸ֡
Ϣ࣬мվŵνӽ͸ڽҡҷˣϾ£صλϵС
ޣնʹѾǰһ棬ΪҪ
ίʵش𣬳ϻὫжϡ
üδ̧ǰҼΪ񡣡
˭񡣡
˽£޲δش
ϻֻ˸⡣
Ľ⣬νͣ
δڣĿλ볤ӰϣԼܹһĨֵơ
δڣĬϵ˼
ˣʵ
Ա߳ϵĻδ䣬һѪϲ쮳̵Ѫϵıžֺʹ㵡
źɫ۵űذףиֳɫӰѪڰУǵ֮¡
мذף׵ָƿñۣ¶ž޵īֳֺڣ΢΢ߵɰΪһĨɫ
üͬŨī΢ɤ
Сò


 122  
ƽǶ˸ڶ, Լյʱ򵽴Ѫ
Ѫɽ룬ԭϽƲУж, ĵص
ѪǰܹܵɭϢ, ķģиСͼ
ΪνѪǽµʥڴ˴ѹˮ
ˮ޼, һа, ǧֻзܹѱ
ƽѷųˣʵ, ˵ˮڻѪ
ɽÿ궼Ὺ, ˮȻ棬ǲȫǿ
˷û, , Ϊṵ̂ѷų
ȥ˯Ҳ˵ƽתһ, ͷ
עʢ, ʢһСιȥڿʢɫЩ԰ףʢָ⡣
ʦ, ǽȥ֮󣬿ɻҪǣ
ʱ, ʢ, ҷŴ̽Ϣ, һԹǰҲܹԴ
ƽסˣһֱʢԱߣô֪ʢʲôʱ̽Ϣ
ʦ֣ʲôʱģô֪
ֱ˳Ȼؿʢָ˿˿ڰн֯ãǱɺ״衣
Ȼֱֽ׵״ֽ׻ֱС֩롭ǳųС֩롣
ƽĴˣָųС֩ʣʦ֣ʲô
ʢЩһѾҲˣʢϲʱĶֹ֡
ģʢ俴겻ϲ˿ڿбãһֻʷʵȸ
ȸֳһţʢౡ
ÿƽȥʢеȸȸģᶶԼë౵һš
ʢȸݵһ·϶ӣȸƺԣһᣬɵñϣŲˡ
ʦ֣ΪԼɡ
ƽԿ϶ŷౣ΢΢š
ϲ㡣ʢ䲻˵ԼƵġ
ȸڻౣƽЩģ淢Լûٹˡ
һȺ̤Ѫһ̣εĽ֣ȥ֮󣬾ûлٳ
̤Ѫǰľȫˡǰһ޴Թԭأųꪣһֳͭ裬лȼա
Ѫǰ޼죬һڶǻࡢࡣ
ֱŷĺ֣֡֡
ƽΧʯڣѪߺܰÿ·Ĳͬපڿڡ
ĺʢ߶ʢӡ
ֹеӶڵλʵǺеˣȫǻӡ
ڻϵ̵ĶǺйءиԢĹ£ƽ˼ˮŰɢĵ£ڳΪ
һȻȡͳ죬ǧĳе˳¼ҳҲδ˷֡
Ϊʳ磬ѪƳɣԵ⣬ѪǳأĴΪ
ƽϲ񻰹£ѪȰûôϲˣľǱڻ̵̴ܹࡣ
һθЩ³
ʢע⵽ָͷϵһ£̨˲ָûѣηθĸоˡ
ڻ󷨣Ҫһֱſƻ㡣
ʢ仰䣬ǰͻȻ˲ҽҽԹƽ
ǰ治ԶһͻȻԼ۾űڻ򣬴۾ͻȻðһɫĳߣֺϸմɫѪҺ
ΧѸɢǰ˺һĪ泤ʣ顱һӹӡ
ӲҽȻֹȫĳ棬ɫϸС˸ĲƽɣûһᣬԭֻʣһѪģ䶯ŵĲ
Ī泤أСն롣
ҪһֱűڻҪ߽
δ䣬ͬʱҽǱҧˡ
ƽؿӼûзӦʱ䣬ֱӱѪģţĪҲһˡ
ûо˵Ļᣬҧеţӵʱ䡣
ƽʵô³ӣ֮ǰӿȥץӣڿƤСʣʦ֣Ϊλҧһھ
ôɼֱ˸įΪҲ޸֮
Ѫǧаﶼۼ
ʢնһǹߣߡꡱϳأð峯ƽǱ
ٶȺɫ鿴ˣ֪ΪΣȻЩĴ
ƽԼħˣýնߴĵطزˣ̱ڵϻ˺ɢ
ûֳ£ԿϵȸǿˣһֱԿڣ౵ҽУ±ҧˡ
ƽ˷౽лοౣú£ǲҧ㡣
ڣһᱣ㡣
ʵˣջڵĳ򣬻ָ
ƽջ֣ԵʢĿ⣬ʢһֱڿת˻ȥ
ʦ֣ƽԼĴ䣬з֮ǰʰаֻ֪ûá
óһʢϣһԼһ£߹ȻԶЩԸ⿿ǡ
ΪӣԵ࣬ǽʱȷʵǩû뵽ôĶܹһʱ䣬ȫûа취ӡ
ֻҪҧУûлˡ
ǰƽƺо޵Ĵߣȷʢ͵͵
ʦ֣ǲڸǣ
ʢӦһһ۲Զ䣬Ҳͬıڻֻڻǰغϡ
ôôˣƽֹһ䣬ƶԷҲھ䣬ĿǰӦûϳǡ
һ˺ܿߵ˱ڻͷ˵ԹȻô׵ĳȥҪҵͨڶŲС
β֣ܳҲҪ취
ǰţÿһŵͼһǲͬͼ
еųеλϣе࣬еĴüĿµĹ̳ϡÿһҲͬ
࣬㲻֪·Īǳ򵥵˾ֳ飬һ飬ֱȥһţܻŵĴ
⻹ǡƽѾ֪˵ʲôˣȷʵֽʡʱ䣬ζŴ֮һ
ʦ֣Ҫȥ𣿡ڸĪֿҲǲС
ʢ䡰šһ΢΢ָ⣬ú¡
ûк¡ƽʢ˼Ǿ˳ˮۣĪȻ
ΪһԣĪҲûзֿǣǸǷֵһš
һŵͼ̴ࡣ
ǾòʱԻĪ濪˿ڣǶһ飬쳣ʱ
Ӧһû£ģŽЩȡ
֮һĸʣ˭֪ǵ
ƽڽȥ֮ǰֿһϵͼͱ࣬ȴûбֳʹ飬ЦЦ
ѪȾ·Ѿսеʱȴַ·Ǹոտʼ


 123  
źһ, ߿һҲûκι
ƽδδָһ, ̧ͷȥʯˮε䡣
Ϣʪ, ƽŵǳѪϢȼ˳򣬳򷢳ϸ΢ĹȥԼָ, ˮ
˿, òʲôѪ֮ģȻԭؾͱݸȥ
ǹŵصûбڻ, ϵשЩɶ
ˮεεδ, ƽǣʢ䣬ûע⵽Լ̤ȥһ, ˮڵ, һɫѪ
ʦ֣˵ϵͼʲô˼
ʢǣ, ֪ǲǴ, ܾʢɫӲ԰ˣЩ͸, ·֡
ȥʢһĿ⿴, ߻ָ, ·Ĵ
Ӧ˥, յ㡣
ʢջϵߣĿ⿴ǰһƬڣƺиOO@@ĶԼԽǰѪζԽŨء
ѪﶼֻûԭģʢǽѾѪ֮С
ƽ֪ǻǻˡ
㣬ʢ䰴еĳصڰ߱סʢ
ʢ˼һ룬ߴ˾ĦڵϵǲԶǰ
ǰڰʢȵ۾ǰܿ嶫ˣʶ˳ſȥ
ǲԶǰ΢εġ˽šƽԭûӦȻȻһ
ҵʬ岼ζŨ̱ǣЩʬ崩·һͬʱΧž׳ġ
ɫƬ⣬ƽź仯˶ͷðһ亹ιȥ
ôֵߣ߲죬ϢܰʢȷɡǲҪɱ߲ܳȥɣ
ƽʢǣţܵĲʢսģ¶˳Ŵݹڸе
ǣǰߣߵٶȺˮεĵδоߵƤĦڵϵ
·һ㶯ƽʢƺݵĶ࣬΢ġ
ǼǰѪŨܵĵزǰ˫ţʬǰţŵӵ·ӸûãѪģһƬ۸ɺԵɫ
ЩЩѪģЩʹ࣬ЩϴžֺͿ־壬еѾ˰׹ǡ
ʢָ⶯˶ߴӵջأԶ룬һ޴ĵعԵҵʬ壬мǿյ
ƺʲôܹϸ΢Ĺ
ߵԴԵ޴ϣβĲڵϡ
ͷɫͨ巢ף滹һЩͼơ
ǻߣ伮ϼصУھŽ޵һ֡壬ᣬŵҳϣĹޡ
ƽĹޣмҪҵĶ
ʢͷӦʥһ֣˱ܳȥ
Ҫβܳȥ
ƽǽ֮ǰͼİʾͱ࣬Ҫͱߵࣿ
ǾŽޣƺ̫ܡ
ȥ۲죬ֹŵʬ֮⣬һĿڱ˸ؿѪһƬ౻ˡ
ʢ俴кǱڻһ󲿷ֱβסֻ¶ЩܹӦն¡
Ļ棬¶һˣ˵δܵɣ׵Ļ˳
˶ûֻдµΣƽ˳ſȥ˼Ӱ֪о΢졣
һӰΡӶûʣһǱڵֻܹһ¶ͨڵĳ
ƽĵĪֳһĸоǿɫĶΣĪо̫ܿջߡ
ȥ档ʢ俪˿ڣƺǲʲôǣ뿪ԭأ˸ʩ˷Ϊ˱ⱻʬµѪܵ
ʲôڵĦƽͷһۣһѪģĶЩԭɵĵӡ
ѪģĶƶٶȷǳ죬϶ǴСһ಻ɫƬȥ˫Сһ۾
ǳǹġ
ʦ֣ʲô
ƽƤˣʢܵķɿ죬Ž
Ǳ߿Ƶʬǳˣͻȥ˦Ҳ׶Ը
ƽ̾ʢ̫ãٶȺܿ죬عһ޴ĻΣһ߻Ҫⲻ߷֣һҪܿʬ
ǾߵʱͻȻ֮䣬˫ۣҲֲܸܵѹߵͫ׼ȷض׼ǡ
ƽһ̸ܵ˼µѹЩҪгС˶Ѿʼ֨ҽˣ˭Žô붢ſ¶Ա򶨡
Щʢ䣬ʢ俴ȥɺܵ˵֡¡ɤ䣬ɻǺ¡
ʬԽԽƽܸܵԼĺëͨͨͣ
ڻ΢΢һ̣ʢǣýǰĵשȥʱͷǿյˡ
ûзӦʢ佫ȥһʦ֡ȥһ˲䣬ֱסʢ֮ѵשֺˡ
ʢ沼һ磬ש洫顱ײѪӣӷ϶ܹʬϵ۾
һڵؽѵĵط״Ǻģ֪ǲǴЩǹײġ
ƽľһʬ߻߾ͻײȻʢһˡ
ǳļƽקһʢ½ǣСʣʦ֣Ƕôǻ᲻
߲ѵĵط߲롣
ƽŶһе㵣ģһֱŵשĽ磬֪ʢ䲼һֽ磬ʬײ˰죬שɺúõġ
ʣ۽ɨʲôֿʢ֣ϸʱûˡ
ʦ֣ƽע⵽֪ʲôʱʢһĿ⿴עʢ˰졣
ʦ֣ҷź񿴵С
ƽͼݴʣݲǸоϤ
ʲô
ؽֻˣ˼ݲ£ЩŤ˸ƣڰϢ
ɫĶ񡭡
ƽȻˣϵƬ
ûзӦʢ䡰šһʲôĶɨĲһƬ˲һ㼦Ƥ
ʢɤͳ΢΢࣬ϢЩƲס
ʬǷֿҵģɱķһ𣬱ͱķһ𡣡
ƽʲô˼һƬհףȥ󷽲ʲôǴ̫ţ⻹ֲˡ
ҲµûϿһϵĵӽ˱ͬýᴩܹͬͬ࣬ƿȥҲͼ
Ƕûгɹǵûɱ˱ͬͬ飬ȥࡣ
ʢɤ䵭ߣоһ㼦Ƥ񣬲ʢ࣬ȥͱʢܡĵĪвõԤС
ڰУʢ۵ףʢ΢΢ͫ΢ӵݽȥ
ԭͫؿʢ䲱߸ɫƬ۽ɨһβ
һ߻Σһ֣࿴һ˵ͻȥ
ƽⱲûôҹɤ·𱻶סĳһ䣬ô졣
ձĦʢ۽һӰԷʱܹţǼǰ÷㣬ֻǲ֪ǲǴζƽŨһЩ
ʢ£
ͷҡҡͷ΢΢ʢӣӲͷƤʦֱʲôҶẦ¡
մĴУɨĲЩͷƤ飬Ͳһֱιȥ
ʢ䣺Ҳ˺㡣
ƽȻ֪ʢķռƺھͰˡ
һ룬ϴȵϢʢɤ˼֣żֿơ
ҪΪѡ


 124  
ƽôһ, ˲ͨ죬Ժ˵һʲôҪôŵó
ʦ, ȷſңƽָ߬ʢ½, ΢ܿʢϢûط㡣
ָⴥʲôĶһɫƬβ˳Ѿ, ˱β, ߣʢͫ΢졣
ڱԵʱܱԱ, ֮, ߻һԣʢ䲻˺ǻһֿ
ƽ, ʢ۶Ҳ, Ÿʢ˲ϵس
ʦ, ںܣڻ, ǼٵģҪƻˡ
βԽԽ, ƽЩβڳ½, סһҵβ
ָһƬ, Щ, ƽЩ֪룬ʢѾʧȥǱԵһҪǡ
ʦ֡
غһʢָĲ˿ϣ͵͵ءšһûҶֻβǽز
ƽҲҶڵʢ䲻ǣΪʲôֹһʧأʣ·ǵųȥ
ʢ۵ףһƬʱЩɺ죬ƽڵЩ¶
䵭дƫִзռȫ¶
ƽһҲָԭ߬һβʢ۵ףǱƻһ㣬һ
ôһβȻ뿪ָ⣬һȥձס˿Ĵݡ
ƽűʯڣԺ˵һɤ䷢һ͵͵.ʣָԭ߬ʢ½ǣǶҩһ㣬ȥձ𽥸ϺΡ
䴥дȫʼȥƾܣֳ︡һĨĸоǶʢ۵ףʢ۵׶·ȥҪ˫һֱ
Ҫ˫۵׶
ʢ۵׿Լģ۽߳ЩģΪսָһƬûһȵġ
ʦ֡㿴ҡۡ
ƽЩмܲסԼ·˱仯ģȥҺ֮ͱˡ
ɢڵϣ󴦵ļӨ׾շȣָ⿰קʢ½ǣЩ١
β˫ȣסжɢ࣬ĶⱻʢɤɳƣЩպ塣
ۣɿ
ƽ߶ʢϢܲʢô˵ָ⻹߬ʢ½ǣϳ˲ٺɢ˪㡣
ָ߬ЩףʢߺԽԽ߻֡
С
ƽ糺˳ձߣһ֣˶Щʢ䡣
¶ȻҪӭϡ
ָⰴɫķ˿ܵ͵ӦһǱ͸һֽǱĺ΢ü΢⡣
С
ƽʢһૣǰ꼸Ҫһʶָβ˻ԡ
֮ǰǰʢ۵ȫ䵭дŷִ֣һغ㿪
ƽ˵ʲôѾûסڣ۵ͷûѾˣȻǿˣᶼʢˡ
*
ѪԭǽѺаĵطѹˮ
Ȼ󷨣֮ϣССˮһˮֳĻ档
ͨڣˮʯϸ֣ܹӳòμ򵥵֮Эɫ
ﶼԶ׼⡣
мŵ˱ɫñסգֻһɰ¶Ӱסüۣ顣
Χ֣һƵߣθֳ·һЦ
Ҳ⡣
ӲҪˡ㵱.ΪΡ
ԱһӰֳסЩζһֹһ񡣡
ǷŲ£ǣɱ޻ǲȱôһ
Ӱ֣΢ü
Ӳܻ
ȻҲа䣬СµתûųѪ
⻰ȫǳǸǧ꣬˵ӡ̧һۣ۵Щ¶˲ͱ졣
Ѫûп
δЩӻѪ⡣
ٵһա
ӰӦһǡԭɢ
ʣµĺӰҲȫɢû˸Ҷʡ
Ȼ⣬ΪҪѾ˼ĥ
ʧע⵽ˮȻ̧ˮ顱һķѡ
*
ƽʱѾ֪ʲôʱ䣬˻ԭشţԼϸۣǱһ㣬һ¶ۡ
ɫ԰ףĿԭϵۣȻһŲֱ߲ƵɫСϡ
ѴԻЩûзӦɫС߲󣬶ǳԺһЩ±ơ
С߰ɣ
ǰһʢһֱ£Щҡ
ƽ˺һᣬָδСزָֹ쳣ܡ
ԭĵطֻǵשˣʢҲڡ
ʦ֣һоɤǱҲһЩָۣ΢˶ûлߵĶ
ӽޣҲ̫
ôһϤӰʢѾƽģֻǲ޵ɫƬ
ʢ䵽ߣָﻹһĶȥƺһָ
ʢЩ˼ĿԼָϣ涼ĺۼЩڡ
һʱԶ·벻ʲôָָһߵСߡ
ʦ֣ʲô
ʢ俴һԼķ.ֿͨģ΢˶٣û̻ش
ᡭƽЩãȻָ߬ʢۣʢ䶼ܱߣѺҲûʲôܵġ
ԼƤӶ·ˣΪʲôô˼롣
ҡҡͷԺ뷨ȥֿʢĽָдѯʡ
Щ죬ǻŵǸ
ǻŵʥʢ󣬰ѽָָϡ
ߣƽףлţʢôõʥ
ҰѻɱˣʢԼػشĿ겱ߣܿջߣ𱡺졣
䵭ɤЩڡ
ϻ۲ۡ
ƽԭûע⣬Գٻظܵʹҧҧɫ˼֣ﺬᡣ
˵ء
ɤżԹ
ǰһ첻㣬ƽǰľͷֿʼ˼ĺ䣬Ҳϵˣÿζװô飬ƭ˵ġ
ﶼۣƽɤЩͣίϻʢۡ
ʢĬһᣬĿϣָҪʶֿʼ졣
Զ㣬ƽʢ䣬Ʋǵˡ
ֻβų⣬˷ֺûвСèһֻϵ̧צӡ
ʢջָ⣬߱ӻƿƿ޹ޣȥָ⡣
Щζ
Ҳá
ɤ䵭żɫ
ƽʢָ⣬˱ʣΪܱˡ
֮ǰ
ʳ⣬˳ſȥľͷЩ


 125  ҷʦ֣
ƽʢ, ţʢһŵԪйȥ֮ͻָˡ
ƽһ, ֪һһ, ƽԺں˼룬Լָⱻʢڰҩ
涼ϣЩǱճ, ʱûо, ںָ֪ۣ΢˶
ָ̽һĽָһʵ, ʥʲôá
, ɱĻߡ
˵ǾŽޣʢΪӦһЩ롣
Ҳ֪϶Ǻö, ʢ, ɱߣΪˡ
ʢ˼, , Ӧʱ¶㣬ԴӲᡣ
աҳȥʱ, ڿޣԭزܶ, ˳ְɱˡ
һ˳, ƽЩһѾ, Ϊλ᣿
ʢûлش𣬴İҩҩƺʢԼģΪʢ䵷ҩ඼Ǻںһš
ζܺţʢϵζһ÷㡣
ӦΪûɱҡ
ʢһֻҲͿҩֹ֣вۿҪ½ƿʢ䡣
ʣµԼ㲻׼·
ƽԼȥԼǽЩ
ȳȥʢһҪһ۲ҶˣԼŴӵؽѳȥ
ȥ֮Ŀǻߵʬ壬ߴĵطһӣѪɫģɫ̽մЩѪ
ƽֻʼûһӦˣԼԼ˿
ûã߲·ȻǺܶˡ
ֳһףʢţĿ⻹ͣôһͷ˲ߡ
ƽǱ̵һ㣬Ť˻ȥȻܿʶԼеëΪʲôô˼ռ˵
۵Ҳʢ䵹ˣ챻βιȥ
ֲ˵سȥʢվţﻹĶٲȻһƨģ
ƽҲ磬ֲ֪ңӦһʢûһ̲סȡ
ʢˣȥ۲ߵʬ塣Ŀ˫ﻹѪᣬͫ΢΢Ŵʱķ
˭뵽ŽᣬʵΪء
ߵĴ嶼ڵعûںϣǶϵıڻĸֳ
ƽ˳ſȥڻĹ¼ˡˮŰǧĳǳԭŪȨֱһ壬еĻȴʱģԸһкһԸ򶯣޳
Գֻ֮ĵһ
ϡ
ƽ˼ֿҵʬ壬ʬǷֿҵģλñᴩķһؿֻʣѪܵĿ
Ǽһģ˻Ҳ˵ǰˣѣˣͬʦ֣Ծ顣
־ֻ࣬ҪԼʩǶҡɱ
οʥΪջ
ֻǵһ㣬ˡ
ǿ϶оġ
ȻѪһֱӾϲȥˡ
ǽʱ߷Ҳδƽ֪ʱѾʼˡ
ǻΪλ᣿Ϊʢûɱ
ƽʦ֣˵ǽͬ鱻ͬϿֻҪܹ󣿡
ţʢ˵ǻƻǡϵıڻԭڣֻɱ˻ֳ߲һӲᷢ֡ǽʱͼҲᡣ
ʢýһʬ½ɫƬ
Щƽʱûз֣ʱ·ˣĻ۲ʬ塣
ǻΪ᣿
ʢɨһ۷ϵıڻ˼Բ߶ģӻ󰮱ͱࡣ
ƽûκ˺ʢ뷨ʢ䡭
ƽûκιϵʢֻǰƯˣʵмܲס˵ǹϲΪ
ֻһ˱òʤ˿־塣
֪Щ˼Ѫͱ·ֹ֡
ں˼룬ʲôȥڻһ
ԭڿ֮⣬ϻˡ
ӣûһŶñ۴źɫΣһŽýӽһ
ƽһ۱ڻֿԼ·Ӵһһڵĳָⲻ֪ժһ仨ͼѻڴεޱߡ
ڽƵλöһ֮䡭ҲǳϤ
ƽ΢΢ɴۣǼ˹ڻô˵ҲǧǰԺһЩҡ
ʦ֣ڻҲƻ𣿡
ʢĿһڻϣЩ˶٣Ȼ⡣
ӦǻΪ֮
ˣرϤȻϳ
ƽһۿԼԱߵҲЩϤǱǸоЩ񡭡ޡ
ԭڵſУڿȷˡ
ʦ֣ô£Ϊλڱڻ档
ƽʢ䣬Щ磬оԼԴ
Ӧɷ۸֪
ƽԿȵģĪƽʢĿ⣬濴
ĵ
⣿
ַѾþûгƺһֱȷܲܰѷг
ΪβڱڻϣôСģ϶Ǳ˵ϢˣСԱߣ˳ſһ۱ڻ
⣬Ϥ顣
ƽȻܣ㲻úܹ죿
죬㱾ַСĵԿǣʱݣ㻹ٻȥġ
Сƽĵеۣ΢ܿ˷֣˵ĸĪ⣬Ҷ̫
ȥһ
ȴ˵ˣԴϵҲʧ
ƽûʳȻĪЩŷϵıڻ˵Ӱ֮С
϶ǿհףĪ졣
ʢָ⣬˵ģ
ԸңƽǱֱ߶߶˵ʲôʱݣһȥġ
Ī
Ǵ飬ʵ磬ܻص
ƽʢָ⣬ʢ߬۵ЩӿϢ˼֡
ȥģƽʢϢЩָЩۣ˵ﶼȥ
ɿۡ
ʢԱɿذָ⣬۽һƬӰüһ
ԭúõģ˵һ仰ʢͲˡ
ǲ֪ʲôƽʢչȥʣϴθ˵˱ģ
ʢȴûֻǶЩ
˵ѽƽʢӣʲô˵ÿֻһ˲֪顣
ǾˣҲҡ
ʢ䡣
ƽ˵ɤίʢһɿˣ컹һֱңֱˡ
ɿʢ䴽ǱסֲսŪֻ߬š
δ㣬Լע⵽ԼĲͬ
ƽָ΢ҡҡͷûоԼʲôͬ
ⲢǺѧģȴһѧͻᣬʢ仰˶٣ɫ΢֣ʦܲͬΧĲлꡭʥ֮һ
ŶƽͷЩʵ֪ʢһۣ̻ظЩиоݻд֤ġ
ʢָⲻԸɿν֮ǰ˭ʲôݣʲôǣ
ڵҾڵңκˣҲͱǣҲôࡣ
ֻܿʦ֣
ƽٲˣȥô࣬ʵ飬ǻʲô߰㣬롣
˼ķʽܼ򵥣ܹȥΣֻץסڡ
ǰԵڡҪԼʦ֡


 126  
ʢеӳӰ, ΢ݣָ⸧ྱƤﻹĺۼ
֪, ʢڵǵԼ˵Ļ
ƽһ, в̫õԤУƺÿĶˡ
ʦֲӦÿ𡣡ƽȥʢûЦǳ, ҲǲǸˡ
ʢ䡰šһ, ġ
Ҳ̫ˣƽЩˣʢ˼, Ҳ, ָʢĴǣʢ䴽ϡ
ʲô£㶼Ҫ˵, һ, 㲻Ҫһ˲š
ϴξ˵ˣƽʢʲô, һ, λ˼ʢо, ʥǣ
Ӧѹ, Լ˼ɡ
ҪǲϲԷԼûľ
ָ⻹ʢĴ, ʢ䡰šһ
ľû, Ǵϣ۾ûЦ⣬ޱ顣
ľͷֻţƽǱֱߣЩû˼ɿˡ
һԼֱסˣʢϳЩ仯Ĭ˺һſڣΧƵˣ
䵭ɤЩ
Ϊ죬ᱻߡ
ƽĬĬۣΪǽ˶ϲ
ʢ۵ףʢ΢˵ǡ
Ӧ㣬ƽֺֺЦסʢָ⣬ΪٸߣҲϲǡ
ҡƽЩ⣬ǰ֪ʢȱȫУǶѾһˣˣΪʲôûаȫУ
ôϲ㣬ΪλҪЩеûġ
ƽЩȣȻʢ䲻Դǣ˫ڵ·˵濴ʱ򣬺ܰȥ
ˣʢϢЩ÷·Ũ˳ſȥʢ죬۵һƬŨīɫ
ʢ䲱ƺɫƬֳоΣգҪʢԶЩһ룬ɫβٴβ
Ĵ˳ƤӣβţĳǰһյĴУʶ㡣
ʦ֣ǻҪȥﵢ󡣡
ƽʢϻزѵĵعپһȥ
ңǲǻҪĪ洫
̽·һ죬Ҳ֪ôˡ
ƽ˵ųһβҹĿûʲôоٿ·Ưָȥβǳճ󴦲
΢һʢߣл࣬ٱĶɣ
ƽЩûע⵽β½΢Ϣߡ
ظĪǴϢڳڣѾҵ
ƽԼʢƺòģʢ䶼ѾźˣΪʲô˵Ҫô⡣
˵һ顣
ƽͼ߬ҶββûץסʢڻһƬճ˵꣬ɿ
δ䣬β֪֮ûһ˵ʢ仳

˺һƽ֪˵˶ٱϲûпʢЦʢ۵׵䵭·𻯿ȫǰڻ
ȵٳ·Ѽӣʢǣţڷһڻ
治֪ͨڼ㡣
ʢ仹ǣЩûлӦ̵شȥĽȥ˦һߡ
һ·Щ
ߵʢǣǴĽݣǰĽݻܳЩ߲Ҫ
ʢһԣָòñ
ãƽɹȥʢһ֪ģƽǰ쳣
Լߣƽָ⻹ûʢ䣬һ룬մĻӱŵζЩ
ʢֱӽĵصѾˣûзӦָʶػסʢ䡣
ʢ䣬
ﻹǧ̨ףʢԼ࣬˿
ҲԼߣ㷳
ƽƽʢ䣬δʢ䷢СƢ¶ԣʢ䣬ʢδа㲻ͷģ
ֻǡšһ
Լ
ƽЩҭ˵ָ⾾һľͷ䣬ʢֻǴ΢ֱЩδӦ
㣬·߲áƽ־һľͷ䣬ľͷ䱻΢΢ˡ
ʢ֡šһ
Ժ׼ҡƽʼҪ
Ҫʢ䵭̧ʢĿЩˣֱܿ׳СûС
ʢû
ʦ֣㲻Ҫװû
´ңҪҿɲԡ
ΪǱʢ׵ĿƲס󶼱ˣڵúܲң·ܡ
˵ƺһָܻǻǲ̫̫ʢ䡣
ʢ۽΢΢ߵҲȣԿһۣĬһ̲ס
ɤЩͣʢǻشʲôⶼ˵ĻҲ˼֮Ӧ
ƽЩȣʢĲ˺һᣬȥһڡ
ֻ㡣
ʢϢЩӲûͬʢ仳ɫС߻౶ˡ
ñûˣֻˣõҲԼ౼Կϣԭڴ౷ųַ֮ԿǣԿš
ƺܺϵСߣһֱڳиͣС󴦲ţһֱڲࡣ
ʦ֣Ϊʲôһֱ󡣡ƽʪģСԼһҧĳѪСߴԼק
ʢ䣺ϲ㡣
Ųϣƽע⵽С𽥱͸ʢҲЩ仯ʧ΢ͫҲڻָ糣
ʦ֣ǲѾ뿪˵һ㡣
ʢ䡰šһǿֱܻӵϲ㣬֪ڼ㡣
Ѫһм㣿
ʢҡҡͷ֪
󴦵СʧˣԿϵ౲ұģǰ˺üĶ䡣
һǱߣ漸ʦֻ᲻ٱ䡣
ƽЩ棬ʢ䲱ϵۣһҲʧˣɢڰУʢƤָԭģ
Ӧòᣬʢ仰΢˶٣ĿϣԽϻѡ
һоŽޣ߲ˣĹޣƽʢ䣬ʢʣ滹ʲôΣյģѲɻʮף
ߵҲ;Žˡ
Լһֹʢûлش⣬ǲ֪˶ãʢ仳ﶼҪ˯ˣʢͣ
ǰһţйӵͼһ̨ϵͼ
˵ڶ㣬ֱ˵㡣ڹ̨ϣ̶ۺǷȣӰ졢ߺУʬҰĳǳء
ߵһ㣬
ˮŰ֮ǧ֡ȴߺУߴǳأĵ֮С
ƽʢ仳ڿͼʢƿǰš
ƿһ̣һ׹⸡ֳʧԭء
ʢٴηֿˡ
ƽٴ۵ʱ򣬸оӽЩ֣ǰ·ŴЩ£һΧĻƺһƬɺԵĵ
֮ǰ׳ø࣬ϵѷ죬˿ˡ
صͷԼ˵壬ԺвŵĲ²⸡ֳ
֨ɤ䷢ͲŵĽ
ƽԺһֱӾȥ
Ȼ󣡣


 127  ʮ߷̫̫
֨֨֨ƽڵӯ, ԼһڴڳȥԶһƬտĵΪɺѳ϶Ⱥʬ帯õĳζ
Լצ, ϸԼҲȫǻ˵, мëƷƺô
Χ֨֨֨ƽ屻ײһ£㱻ײķɳȥ, һʱ֮ûƽ, Ťͷһϸ
֨֨֨֨֨֨ߴߴĽ߾Զ
Ÿʲô, ɵ
̫, ޸δػкӹʮ̫̫ǵʮ߷
ƽ˵, һЩ±, ΧͼҵʢӰ, ʢأ
Ǻһɣֻ, ʢ
ʲôʮ̫̫ʲô
ûи״ǰ, һߵķ϶ϸקס, ק˻
ǽȥ͵ʳ, ڳ˹ץ, ˣҪܡ
ƽջԼצӣƺһҪ֣צҲԲ󣬺ӯڵúܿ졣
֨֨֨
ϸ󣬰ֻ֪֣ʮߣΪʮߣǵʮֻҲҪ޸ĵʮ߷̫̫
˵
ʬ壬һͷжڵúܿ죬һ߲צٵأһ߻ظҸʲô˵ģ䣬Ǹ޸
ƽû˵
Ҫ˵Ҳʮ˵ģ¡
΢£ʵڶ޻˵·׽Ū
֨֨֨
Щײ·ߵʬ壬Ҳ֪ΪΣƺܵӰ죬ܾЩʬ˵
Ҫ˺ǵƤȥǵѪ
ʲôأקסûģЩа䣬ܳǵ⣬ȻȾ
ҪǱȾ군ˣ϶Ǹϳȥ
ƽԿͣס̧ͷȥΪڵӽޣǶȿʬ帯ܵĲأǸûãƤкɫа䣬ĺɫѪϵƤһ
ûǴĻҲΪߣΪλа䣿
ƽڻ룬ֱקˣһ·߶߶ǻҰûʲôˣÿֻͬ
ǰʳƺרץ󣬺ò׽΢иһ죬Ǳǲռʳ
˵ˣץǵЩڣǿɵץʱ䣬ϣҪЩ
ڳаֵúǶ˵ǴȾģޣԼŭ
ǻǴȾء
Ϊⶼûԡ
ƽ΢㶣δԣһԺ䡣
Сǽз϶ܹȥ·ĵ˳׸Ѿ˵ס
һ߶šһһ߷ʣµ
ƽһ߿ţԼС֣ʩչһԼķȫʩչˣ󴦵ĺҲûˡ
ǿȻֱܹΡ
ʮߣһѡ
һ˷׸ЩҪ֤
ƽǰδôһһȴһǣ֮ҵʢ䡣
˳Ŵ˰ʣһİˣ׸һȦմ˷ۣץŲ֪ĴӿȥЩĳֶĳӡ
ţһװΪҪ޸Ͳøɻˡ
ʮ̫̫һһڿ죬Կܸɣϲܸɵޡ
ƽԼʣûнʮ󡣡
ʮûУû˵ļʮӵģҵǸʮҲزˡ
ƽ˳Žӹķʳӣ˳װһЩװ߿УһڻӺϲ۾ˣÿš
ŻĹҧһڡ
֨
ƽ۾չʣôר˼ңСϲ͵ʳ׸ﶼġ
ͷѻĹʱſˣҪʳװķʳֵȥһ֡
װ˻ȥ·Ͽܻпܻע̰ࡣ
ڱģһ۳ĳ裬رǮ˼ҡ
ģûװ࣬ﻹֹ鷳޸˭ӡ
ǸҪ󣬴˵ӽ͹
һ·Ѿ˵ΣƽЩС
ת˸䡣
ǹģôܼ޸
ʲôܵģȱһ̣
ƽϲһֻֻһֻޡ
ͨȻֻһֻޣ㻹мΪǴ
ƽ
װˣצӰĩβλô˽ᡣ
һ׸ԭ·أƽתǵʱ򿴵һ黨ȹŴŮӵļ
ǡ
ƽëҪ֨֨ڵ÷ɿ죬תսǣ˳ԺǽĶ˳سȥˡ
ȥ֮˿ֱľԺﻹиOO@@ĶĽŲǡ
ȰǸϽȥ̫ܲ
ƽ̫ΪΣݲݴСָָԶԺķ
ûУЩлƵ壬רŹץġ
Ǳȥģǿ²̫
ƽ˳ſȥ˴ų³۵նʹ
նʹץ
ǸϽȥ˵ز˾Щ۵Ǻױ֡
ƽԭſһŲԶնʹӰ벢Уֻա
ֻڵ׼жԶһնʹͻȻתһֱֱس
֨֨֨
ֻŵþȥҲһͬʱܿ⣬Ȼˡ
Ĳǽ⣬һʵʵ
ֻƽһˡ
նʹὣƽԼ˾ͷŸոտʼûҵʢ䡣
֨֨֨֨֨
ڷȻһֻסƽҲһסʱնʹסһ
ֻôô֡
ƽ
Ʒֲͬ
ֻץնʹһֻ֨֨Բߣնʹһնʹڵۡ
Ҳ֪ͻȻץôʲô
ͻȻҪһֻ
һնʹʱ˲˺ǡ
˵ǡ
ƽԭֻСϸڣ΢΢סˣͻȻץ󣬲ʢɣ
úпܣʢ֮ǰҲйնʹݣ˵λնʹҲ˵
ԽԽϾܼʦˣǰҶˣΪɵ౵ĲնʹĴָ˲Կϵë
ƽצĵ˶Է֡
лŶ˶ԭޱȼȵնʹȥ֮󣬾ͷЩԾ
Ϊȫ
ʮֻһ֨֨иͣȥۻҡ
ƽҲе£Ҳؽȥ
ԿײӱԵһЩˣԼצڽĬĬ룬ûϵôʢ϶Ҳһϳ
ôţԶնʹ˾䡰ˡϿ˲ԶϤꡣ
ƽͲؽҲȷʵˣ֨֨ԭ£СϸצӱԵƴл
ʦֿҡ
ʢǰͣ


 128  ʢ䣬ľͷ
ƽôһл, ֱ󼷵ӱԵСϸצӣ˳ſȥ, ڻ˵ﲻôۣҲбȽƷ֡
ʢǰͣ, ҲûʢעЩż
һצԴϣڽлʲôأǵע, Ȼһ˵ǻزȥˡ
ƽʢ, ľͷϲ
Ӧᡣ
ʢ俴һһһ۲죬Ŀһëɫ׻, ΢ͣһᡣ
ÿˡ
ƽע⵽ʢĿ, ԶİЩѪëըˡ
ľͷ
ֻƾɫϵ, ˭˵ƤױҲǰ
ˣ
ƽ߷ǳ, ëըһ, ˳߿ȥ, ȺеС
ȷʵܻӭҲһֱȢ, Ҳϲץ
ʢԭĿڰϣֻ΢ͣһ, ͻȻһϤĻ, żŭ⡣
ʢ, Ǹľͷ
˳ſȥӽűԵĻҰֲ󡣲ԱߵļֻҪһЩȥԲһԺһߵţίίצӣȥ
ֲ֫ëǰ׵ģƤҲǣСץӱԵл
ľͷϲңԺҾҲˡ
Ǹʲôʮ߷̫̫أҲˣľͷ
ʢ䣺
ƽڲ˵֨ҽУһ룬ӱ򿪣ԱߵȫڳＷҲñСֱѹס˺ۡ
һֻ޳޵üۣԱߵ֨֨ҽУ
ԱߵļնʹѾĴˣȫԭʢ䣬û˸ҿѯʡ
֨֨֨
ʮߣ
ƽл˼õʢŻЩˣȥʢ䡣
֧ţԼԿǱ˴ʢ˳˳ëС֣Сʩ
ˡ
ԱߵնʹǰѯʣƳһʣµƽ̿˿ڣǣеԴߣԴͷΪа䡣
οҲǻǻûɣҲӰƿȥ
ʢ䡰šһնʹʣĶˣҪ˺ǣȥԴѸȾʬ취
նʹӦһǡʣ󶼱ųˣƽע⵽ûߣ֡֨֨Ͻȥ
û֨ԼԿǱ˰ָŤ˻ȥ
ôͽѣ
ʢɤ䵭΢΢ָǴԿǣĶƤ
ƤʹȻצסʢָлŵ˻ûء
Ҫܡ
ƽʢָ˳ҧһڣʹģɤЩˡ
ǲ㣬Ҫϴˡ
ȻҪȥҪ֪ʲôʱټ档
ʢָȣеĲ̯ɸرָ⣬ߴߴ֨֨Ľл
˴̯ûģ䶯˶Щˡ
ʢ䣺š
ʲôƽϧԼڲΣֶ̣ʢĶ䣬ȻһҪ
ʢʵʲôʱԱ
ô֪֪ΪλأƽʢָЩвסŸ˳ʢĸ첲ʢļ򴦡
һץʢһֳʢ½ֹԼʢſš
вʲô
УǱϿΪߣʵΪа䡣
ƽҲΪڵ·ʬ϶кɫģае֢״
أ
ƽקʢͷڵǧһᣬ涼նʹʢ仳צ΢΢ʢ½Եֻ̽һԴ
ʣʢû˵˼ʱȷû˵Ҳûʣʢ˳С
ǧ֮һ俳ǡ
ƽſſһᣬСſڴԵ紵ҷɡ
ֻЩȥʢʢûпء
еģע⵽˻йʹǲϲԵĶ
ƽעȥ˹ʿУʻصʢģʢſйʡ
ʢĿ⣬ʢһֱڶŽţƳʢһۣһֱ䲻ȥô졣
û䣬ʢִָ˴ĶƤڳԶأЩˣת˸ʢ
һᣬʢ俪˿ڣҲϲ
ƽԶ䶯˶ԼԴֱ£Ŷһ̵ģֲܱľͷһڡ
˶ͱʢָ˯ˡ
С࣬ʢָⴥһƬȣƼţССһţֻСֱָ⣬ʱʱ䵽Ƥ
ǰδСʲôУǱСëһ£ָҪ
һצĿˡ
һǣնʹԼĸۡƽٴ۵ʱʢ仳ʢջصۡſʢ½Ĵ
ۡׯϣƽСʣʦ֣ʲôΣա
Ⱦа
ʢֻ˵ôһ䣬˲˼Ҫһʱǰȥ
µû
ʦ֣ǲҲһǣ
νǣ֮ǰ޳ǣн»иĳǳأǳѾŬҲı䲻˳ǳظˡ
Ѿĳǳأ˲ܸıѾ¡
ǰΣƽѾڳǳУһɳֻ˳һͬ
ƺÿҪپһ顣
ʢ䡰šһҪȥӦҲѲ˹ϵ
Ŷƽʢؿڴ ʢźůʢһ·ޱ飬·նʹɨһۡ
ƺʲôرϡĶ
Ȼʢ½ֻģ϶ΥͣҲһǳȡ
ʢ䴩ȣ·ֻţʢ仳һСš
طԺʹʢϱרΪ׼СӣԱߵĲ輸伮伮ѵúܺ
ʢ֮ȥ伮ȥˣţһŹʣûһȥʢ֡
伮͹ģע⵽ƺайأȥʢָ⣬Ƴһۡ
ǱȾߣ죬֢״˿ڳ쳣ʱϣ֮󡭡
ƽֻƳһۣûп֣Դһ£ʢѵ伮˹ȥԿǰĹˡ
˲䱻עûˣˣʲôѽ
ʢѹʷŵһߣĶӣ׼̫ࡣ
ûгԺܶࡣ
ƽͳ˼ŹʣҪȥʢָ⻹ϣǿʢָ⣬Ȼβͱһ¡
˲˼ԼβͣëָըҪлͻȻǰðһ׹⡣
ͻȻߣʶǰʢϡ
߻մƽǰʶػס


 129  С
ƽԼβ׵λ, ֱˣûзӦʢô, ǳڡ
ǿάƽ⣬ƽʢ, סʢ½󣬡ΪҪβ͡
ƽֿԼϣȷʵǱˣǽ֮±, ֪αá
βܱʢ䱧ʡ
ƽȻ, Ҳ֪
ȥһʢĶ䣬ҿеǺܴ˵ܱҲ˵
ƽľͷҲûзӦ, ָľͷļ, Լһûбȥ
һߵĹʹ, е, ƽʢߣճ˵, ʦ, ҿܻȥҿЩ, Ǻ뱧ſС
˵Իڡ
ʢ俴һۣĬһ, δ, ҲϲЩ
ָʵƽ
ֲһ, ƽЩˣָ־һʢĶ䣬֪Ķࡣ
ʢĲٶԣָ΢΢Ħ
ñŤʢЩճˣְջˡ
ʢϵĵ伮˵£ǵʱӦǺܶࡣ
гѾоþƣаڳз
·Ͽе嶼ֻһСΪȾаʬȾԾԶ뱻Ⱦаͬࡣ
㣬ƽŸͣҲô˵ģұʱ·ʬ壬ҽЩ
ƽܿʢԸ˵ЩİʢĿ⣬Ǹҵֻֻܴһֻ󡣡
ʢ䣺
ô˵ǵץƽûʢһҪʲôѧԼָϷһŹʡ
ǵĿǴȥǱȾҪʮ֮һҪҵ֮Ĺϵ
ڿûʲôϵڶƵһξͬЩǳضΪа串𣬺ǧǰаʴ˵й
ƽϸ˼ϷһŹʣ˵ǧǰʷʲôء
Ҳǰο˹Ϊ֮ѪѪеӦ󲻻ˡƽֶ˶٣Ҳһ
Ժֳ︡һӰ˵Ļֶ֮ͨ죬ܹѪҲ˵
Ҳˣƽ֪аٳǳغʲôϵ֪һйϵһٶҲԤС
Σƽ˼ʽ򵥣ϵĹ˳ιʢ䣬ʢ䴽΢΢ˣʢſˡ
ƽˣʢһڣǳģһ취ǴˣǳʦģҾͰǴϡá
ʢ䣺
ַԭ˯СĴţƤ΢СƺˣǰСãڱֻʦǰСá
һʦֲ¶צܳ˵֡
ʢγĿ⣬˵вĻȥҲǺ㣬Ǻܿɰ
ָ΢˶šһĬذֱߵĹԶһЩȻԼĵ伮
ƽΪľͷʲôķӦĬĬ˸ۣǲӦڴʢһ
Լץһѹʣҧø죬ʲôʱ
һᡣ
ʢʣµĵ伮ˣǰǸȻǱǷǳԸÿ伮֮ûٿֻ߶
ʦ֣ʲôӣΪֿ𣬺ѳԡ
ƽһιʢ䣬֪ʢԼԲʲôʵ伮ֻǵرעοҲûע⵽ʢ䲻Ը
ʦ쳢
ֱ˳ʢĴ˽ȥʢޱسˣ˵˹ӵ֡
ʢ䴽ûгζظпʹ
ƽŶһȻѳԣҲ֡
ʦʲô𡣡
ʦΪʲôÿζնʹ
Ȼͬʦһȥ·Ǳô졣
ʦ֣ұ󣬿קͷǧ
߶߶ɤŻ죬ʢʱʱӦһĿڵ伮ϣüѹһӰЩ
аߣ죬֢״˿ڳ쳣ʱϣ֮˿𽥱īȾŨ״ҩָɫʱΪȾ
֮𽥳ֻܹԹ黨һлʧ
ʧˣɢ
ʢ߶ĿԼָϣܹ渡ֳŤ·ָѳ
ʦ֣û˵ѽ
ƽʢ䣬ʢ˵ʢڶԼָ⿴֪ڿʲôֽŻع
ţʢӦһĿĹϣкȪ
ʵĲƽѹӷ㷽ſ϶ûǲǸóȥˣնʹƺġ
ʢԲſ⣬ȷʵһӰ
նʹʢˣʬѾˣԴߡ
һͬȥƽʢ󣬾ʱնʹһֿʢؿڣ漴ͷ
նʹʬ嶼ҵģ֮ＸԲû̡
ʬȥ飬ѻʬ壬඼컯ˣ֮⡭а
а̫࣬ûֻܿΧʬ塣
һδ⣬նʹЩʬԭߣЩڣʮԶһҹ֮䡭ڵʬߡ
ƽԱţ޳Щаһ˲֮ȫ컯ȫûκס
еаûпҲаģ
ʢһԵնʹ·ڸۡﴩȣ˲̿صƫ
ΪаᴫȾնʹҲܱ⣬ֻ󷨸ʬ壬Ҳֻ۲졣
ƽаʼƺֻնʹ֮䴫Ⱦնʹڳ쳣ʱǵһжͨҲôӴ
ԭ
ʬ룬ߡһʬһŮʬʬƺģûȫѪĺɫģɫļǰ壬Ȼ˷ȴӿǺɫĳӡ
ǵѪܣѪ͹ʱжڹĶ·һŤ
ʢʵԭڣ
նʹӦһǡһҹ֮ߣ֪ΪΡ
ʢ䴹˼
ƽЩģƤӸڽ»￴а䣬ʱа䷢ǳ죬޳ǵĻҲˣûʬ塣
ʱȥƣһ޳аֻҪȾ˻̱аڶ»ĳǳأȾ֮ǹһֱӻɺˮѪƺʱһЩ
Ӧſ˵¡
һʱƣа䷢ʱԽԽ졣
ڶȾа䣬ҪôҪôаֶʲô³
ţ˴ͨʯۡȫ󷨡
նʹ˵ǡƽʢʵʦ֣ǽҪȥ߿𣿡
ʢ䡰šһ˲ûƫôʢȥˡ
Ŷƽʢ件ϲʦһʦֵȵҡ
סʢһ䣬ʢǰţʱѾԺ滨Ʈ䣬ʢͣ
ʢվԭأµ滨ʵڻȾаҲȥ֪ô죿
滨࣬ƽԭڿ滨Աע
Ȼػظʦּʲô
ôԼģƽ꣬ƽȥʢָ⣬ֻѪĻ󣬲ġ
аǧǰѾӡڵаᴫȾ˱аǼٵģ㲻Ҫ˼롣
һ졭ƽʶزԸȥ󣬹룬;Ŀڳۣǰѡ
ʦֲ£ƽü裬ʼˣ˵ʦ£Ҳ
ַ⣺
ʢ䣺

*
лҪ˵
ԭ׼µʢ䣨Ϊ˲벻ŬаһҪ취


 130  »᳤ꡱ
ƽ, Ķͱššηû֣۵ýг, ۣʲô, ֡
֪ۣ˵ʲôַЦһ˵Ǽ, ʢѾа, ֻʣСĻ֪顣
ûܻǲǣ˭׼˵ֻ
ƽˣ, , ʲô£֣Ҳ׼ʦ¡
Ҳȷʵֻ˵˵, ôʲô
ַ⾾û, ׼˵ǲ׼˵, , ˵ֻҾͰȴϡ
ƽв, ָʶԱû뵽Լֱ, ֱӰƿˡ
, ƾʲôҡ
ƽ仰ѿڶ, ԺЩѣΣߵϢˣܹŭ⡣
ʶԱһһԺ·˿հס
֪ۣԺ׼ȥ
Ϊʲô׼˭ģڣǷޣ
׼ǲ׼Ҳ׼ٶ룬ӣҲȲ
˭˵ģ⡭㲻Ҫһܳ꣬Ҳ¡
ƽԭվţ߷ŭɤ·ԺصֱԱߵʢסָ⡣
¶˳Ŵ˼»ع飬Ļڶߣ侲
ûֵ㸶û䣬㲻Ϊ˱˶
ƽ侲ˣʢĿ⣬ʢƺ³ںͷⳳܣдŰ
ʢº͵Ŀ⣬𽥵ػָǣԷ֪⣬˼
ֻǲԸǰļ裬ƽǱֱ˵ģ¡
㲻صġ
ƽˣһᶼû˵ˣԸˡ
ЩΣʢĿ⣬ˡ
ʢָ߬⣬šһû˵ʲôǣط䡣
뷽ŵ£ʦҷŸ˵ģҲûлҡ
ΪҪǰļ裬ôġ
ʢָͣķ˿ϣԿࡣ
Ժ󲻻ˣ˼ǲܡ
ǵȻˣƽ⻹ʣǿܶһˡ
ʢ֡šһƽָЩһȥˣʢǣţһ·Ϻܹԡ
쵽ʱĵʢ䱳ϣָ⻷ʢĲϢʢߡ
Ķ࣬Ⱦа䣬ӦҲңĶ࣬ƽʢߣľͷ㣬һҪ뿪㣬ô졣
ʢʶס΢΢Ҳ׼
ţƽľͷڶЩЦô£ֻݹٷŻյơ
漴˼һҪ뿪㣬Ҳ㡣
ҪǱ뾭ЩԸʢ͵ûгֹȻľͷһǺѹ
ӦЩеûģƽʢ䣬ſʢ䱳ϣְԼ˼˻
Һʦֳ꣬ջϲ
ƽſʢ䱳ϻڣקʢͷôһڣʢЩûбʶУһСβ׵λá
ʦ֡
֨֨
ƽβ׵һսлһԺðһ׹⣬ǰﲻϱԼצ֮֮֨קסʢͷ
ǰʢ߶ꡰһᣬͷͱסˡ
ƽצקʢͷһᣬԼȥҺӯ˳ʢıʢļ
֨֨֨
ʦ֣βֱͣˡ
ûβͣǻиоһܴ̼ͱˡ
ƽʢͷʢ̶ȻˣҲͦãһſϡ
˵ֻͷһۣҿûնʹš
ڰնʹǣ
ʢŤͷ΢΢ܿϵŻըëںܿ챻ɢעקͷʼǧԼƺͦġ
ָ⣬סԴ˻ȥ׼קͷ
ƽջִֻ֣ţЩԸûקˣ˷˷ŵСʢ
ֱŻģ滬һ˵ءĽУϵ붼ɢˣʢϻֱһƨڵϣײһߵȣҿʢ䰴ס
ʢģʢ䴹䵭۵ЩԼԿֱһ¡

ƽԼԿǣֳһߵĹӣʢȥ˹ʶ
֮ǰٱȥ
ʦ֣ʲôʱ
ʢ䣺ҹ
ҹﻹһЩʱƽڹʶһʢ䣬ʢʶ졣
ѹʲؽձߡ
ôôˣеʢ仹ԣʢڣĿ
ƺú˼
ƽЩ˼ձ߹ĹĵģڻһԲһڹʶȥ
ԶˣӻۣʢĶӣƽܿʢָ⣬ʢĹʡ
ҾûгԼ
ڹʶһᣬԼձ߲ʳǳģʢ仳ʢ仳š
ʢʱʱؾҪһ£ԭҪ˯ˣֱѣЩˣצʢָ⣬ʢ仳øʢ
ԭؿڵλãֱĿڵλãʢ俴ԼصλùЩ
ˡ
ʢƽһ־ᶨ伮δֹ񣬴СӵĻҲܾġ
񷿼ܰȴǱעʱʱҪȥʲôƽǲʵҲһ
Сᣬǲأϲͷϻ䣬͵ʳ
ʢָԼ·ܹܵĺĿڵλţ˯ƺܰġ
귽˵ĻӣһˣҲչ˲Լ
ֱִױƭױ۸
Щ񣬿ԼָЩ磬ӳüۣ·Ϊ䵭۵׶һ͵Ĺâ
˵ǼʱʵϹúܿ죬ƽʢʱˣʢ½ðԼʢ仳ȻԼԼβ͡
צ˶ȷԼβͣȻֳʢ䣬ЩɻԼΪʲôûȥ
ʦ֣Ϊʲôûбȥ
ʢָβͣҪǰֳ׹⣬ȥˡ
ΪʲôֻʦŹá
ƽۣȷԼûβͣʢ仳ͲԸ⶯ˣʦ֣ڳȥߣ
ţʢ䱧ʬȥǡ
ԭûʲô˼ʢһͬȥҹĸۡĵģΪʢ䳷նʹûţֻʣ󷨺ͨʯ
ڵսǵʱʲôĦڵϵЩƣʢסתǴͣ£Ŀȥ
ֻԶʬŲڳһ䶯Χźɫķ䣬ʬĦڵϷƵ
ƽ΢΢ɴۣջߣΪЩ£߬ʢ䡣
ʦ֡ô¡
ʬΪʲôԼᶯǻ˻ˣ


 131  £
ƽʱʢΪҪնʹ, նʹڣǽӴʬ壬˵Ⱦа䡣
, а仹ڻţǡ
ʢǣ, Ĵ¶ȣԶʬûע⵽ǣƹ˼ɽȥŵķ
ʬĦڵ, а, ЩɫĸԾ˼Ƭ飬ʬ䶯, һĻޱȹ졣
ΪЩʬԭ, ڶջߣڴѾǳԡ
Щʬйȥġ
ΪʲôҪǰأ
ƽʢŲԶλøţҹӼ, ʬбܿ˶ĵط, ѡĶ˵·
ǸںڰӰ֮У밵ҹһ, Ƨĵط·
˵ؾҲвԶľ, ƽһ·ţԼһʱ
ϵ, īŨҹɫɫ֮, ʬ֮䶯ٶȸ, Խ, ƺԽ궯
߸ݲƽڻ棬͵͵̽ԴһۣԶһ޴ʯߣΧŲɺɫ֡
֪ҲôԶľ룬ܵŨа
˺֮⣬жѻɽʬ壬Щʬѻһķ˸
ɫ¿һĻ
Щѻʬһֻɺһֱڳһ̯ˮˮٻԭأдҽͰûһֱЦ
øŨܣҪڰա
ƽľи²⸡ֳѹѯʢ䡣
ʦ֣аǴΪǱа
ʢδջأһᣬ㣬аŨ״Թ
Ϊλѡߣʦ֣ǿҪȥ
ЩΧƵĺɫŨƽǿűôָԼĽԼҲԡ
˵ÿһ˿סĲյǰٴθֳŨīɫѪɫ
ѹסҪѽ͵͵һʢ䣬Լ˵Ҫʦ֣ԺҪִ
ʦ֣Ұɡƽĵ۵ӳЩָⰴʢֱ
ԡ
ΪʢδػԸ⣬û뵽ʢ䡰šһͬˡ
ʢɿЩֵɺ죿ǲǺΧƵ壬ɱȻɢȥ
ƽˣ֪ɺǸߵаˡ
ָսʢ۵׿˹һůС΢΢ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ȥЩΧƵĺָʱԵʵһ̣ܷ·𶼼ž
ƽڻ룬֪Լһλ᲻ᾭϴǰʹ࣬һζܣڶʲôܳܵأ
ӻһ̤ߣаע⵽ȫӿԭͣ»
Զʢڿ䵭Щɫ
Ȼûڴݡ
£
ƽָ䵽ʵӿֳаӭ泯һ̣гʡ
һЩķǸֲĹԺֳ︡˸·ߵ
ΩԸº̺壬̫ƽ档
زʣԸΪػʢ˼䡣
ұ쳾κδҡԸꡣ
мԹĿƽûиܵʹʣЩƻԼǡ
ŵһͨ⣬εѹӣΧаմϽȫɢ
ߵ¸ֳƽջسһ̣߷·ͯƺңԶĵط
ӡ
þòɢڶ߻صƽЩסһɢŻع
ǰаѾȫɢֻʣһ̯ʬڳɵĺˮƽԼָγϿý֮⣬ûٸܵʹ
ֻһᣬܿ뵽ʲôתŽȥʢ䡣
ûкڵֳ¹䣬ƽʢǰ֪ǲǴܾʢɫЩ԰ס
ʦ֣
ƽߵĻ˻ȥʢ壬ʵʦ֣ﲻǷŵал
ûУƽԼԿǱ£۶ǵǣûע⵽ʢָЩ
صңĺܺá
ʢɤûбֳǣȥߡ
ãû£ƽѪҪʢȥҩʦ忴ָ΢΢ĦԼŵĸоʢ䡣
ʦ֣ϴ㲻ڵʱϺۡ
ƽԸָܣǣʢʦڣϾһҲˡ
ʢ䡰šһĦָ⣬ʢģʢĳһ亹
ôˣǲǲӦƽЩ֣ʢģüЩǡ
ʢָ΢źۼջ֣㡣
ƽˣʢʵǲģοûʲôõĵģ߻зأʵ£ⲻ᲻ҡ
˵ţʢůȣֱʢ¶ȻָЩջ֡
˵ǰûаڵȫֳǵ̵ޣһƬһ޴Ŀݾһס
ƽ˳ƣʯڣʢǣţһ̤ͬߡ
̤ȥŨϢбʲĽ󣬹ĴУ˴˸ս
ʦ֣䡣
ԭȺխ𽥿ߵıڻһģ
ƽоĴ¶ȣůȫʢʩ˷
ʯ𽥿Լжİ׹ǣѻ࣬ûм˹ǣԭаţﲢ׽
ƽʯ﷢󷨣󷨽ãʢóױ󷨣ߵͷǰȻʡ
ʯԭһƬڣƽ˷ɢʯĸѪζΧֳ⡣
˸棬淢ǵ⣬ԽԽ࣬ߡ
ƽڵ棬ǲԶһ޴̬࣬ȱͷϴڣǳ̨֮ϣ۵΢
̫ھ޴ԵޱСֹм䣬ΧʯڡҲȫࡣ
ִ̨࣬࣬˫צʮ࡭޴βǴ׳ɣڵϴţƽ·ܹһһ
һͬʱǣǵǰ
ƽ̫𾪣һûзӦǰľʵǹ׳ۡһַǳΥ͸С
ʦ֣ʲô˹ǣ
Ҳɣʢǰ޴ϣа۵Դͷ
Ӧ˹Ϊ֮иаʬ
ƽŶһǻ࣬ǲǾֹЩȾаʬа
ʢ΢΢ҡҡͷаζӣҲ
ĿǰҪĻ֮ΪҪࡣ
ʢ俴ǰ޴ֺ࣬ûпʣ׵Ľֱӡءһǰľ޴ֳ롣
ת˲֮䣬߶ڻζࡰءһֱԭѣķѵڵϡ
ƽĿɿڴҲ̫򵥴ֱЩؿʢ˽˵ýһһȻҵʲô
ʦ֣ƺо顣
ƽ˹ȥʢŵһᣬǴڲҳġ
ῴȥǳ¾ˣԵ΢ƣʢ˾ᡣ
ǳ¾Ⱦּ
ѸģΣӣ˳дһ


 132  
ƽ仰˼, ǷͲ̫ˡ
ʲô˼ƽʵдһ, йأ
ʢָϾּһ, йأӦǳã
ȻǲѾ֪˴𰸣ƽС, ûгɹץס
ΪǺˡ
վѵ, ¶ѵǰȫۼһͻȻ֮, ʯ߶ʼҡ
ǰ˺ڰ, ڰ֮Уƽָ⴫ȶȣʢǣ, ΧƺĿ, ǰֳ۵İ׹⣬˾Ͷԭˡ
ƽһ˲˼ž, һƬ׹֮, һʦ֡ûпʢӰ, ǰǰɰããһƬ, ·ûоͷ
ʦ֡
ʢ䡣
ƽ, ûеõӦ, ԭͣһۣȷΧǰããһƬʲôûУһۿͷ
ΧûκֻĽŲǰһξ룬֪˶ãжֳ
ڿƽǰߣڵĶֳЩ죬ԭȼ޴ࡣ
΢΢ͷᴹ䣬ԭǱģ΢΢
ƽʲôвдط
ʣ΢̬ǰľ޴ࡣ
е΢΢ˣռ䶼ʼҵߴ΢ڶɨ
Ҫ£ҽġл˵
ԷģøУƽûзɾ裬ųָ΢
ǿǱҰһѡ
ƽûףΪҪ˿ڣ˻壬ʦȥ
˵С¡棬ϾҪˣһǣǳȥġ
ಢδش⣬ǵа޷ɽ⣬ȻҲû취ҵڳȥȥǶֻһͬ
ɤ󣬴Щ̾Ϣ
ӦǵˣûϵǧǰʷǡǴδԹ㡣
ƽЩ磬ԭûʲôҲûףһ䡰ǴδԹ㡱ĪĵһǰЩģ
ЩãԼʲô֪µһжǺԼйأ֮ǰ޳ǳʹڡ
ʱףʱҲס
ࣺ·ǰӦ
νһһ
ɤ£оԼһᣬǰľ޴ǰɢ׹Ҳ֮ˡ
ƽصԶھһζձߴУʢ΢΢šü
ʦ֣
š顱һΧʯϵ౻ڵϣʯڵķѡ
ҷűˣ˵һЩҪˣ뿪
ƽڴѾѻʯ鵲סˣǣʢ䣬ʢ佣£ӭľ޴ʯڰѡ
ɢƽܿʯ飬ʢ佣֮һ·
ǰֳһ磬ƽͷȥѵڵϣƺǶķ
Ǵһ̣ߺȻǽããľͷ
ƽԶԶĿһţǳڣͣʢҲͣھؿ
ʦ֣ûҪң
ʢĿϣָ⣬ڵ˵
ô£סˣ
ιȥˡ
ƽˣѷ˵Ļʢظһ飬Ҳ˵ˣ˵ȥ
ǳȥǻôȥ棬ѪȻޣǲڲ·
ƽ˵Ż˶٣ڣҪǧǰʷ
ǰ㣬Ѫƣȷʵ
Щ˵ʲôӦų˵ƽǱĵЩ߬ʢָ⣬ѪıƣѵŻӲ𣿡
ûܣѾˣʢ俴ָԴĻԵΪʡ鷳ǰ
غ¡
ƽʢָ⣬קʢ䲻Ը֣Сʦֻ֣ҪڣҲẦ¡
ʲôʱʢ䶼ǳȻʲôѾµһʲô⡣
ʦ֣ǲ֪ʲô
ʢҡҡͷ֪Ĳ࣬ɻǵ÷˵ģ
˵Ķˣ֪ʢ˵һʢ˶ٵɽȥˮ
ԭҪõһڷ޷ıֻȥġ
ƽҲšһʦֿɻһֱң
ԭʢûлش𣬺һ˵˸ᡱŷĲȫɢȥ
žڲԶ̤ŵһ̣ǰĻ淢˱仯ǰ˵һ޴ʯ̨Ƕʯ̨档
һʯţʯֹ̨ǣˡ
ƽһɨȥŵӣˣѦѩĪǣڡ
ǴģΧܿͶĿ⣬дЩ
Ȼ˴ˣļٵġ
಻ȫû
ԭȥĵûһ˵ҪǲܳܣȥĶˡ
а޷ɽ⣬ⲻΪ𡭡
ȾаͲˡ
עǶ˶ûԶļ˶Ͷߡ
ֻԶԶؿһۣ΢΢üûйѦƺҪקסˡ
ԶնʹԳɶ飬ѩĿƽϣЩӵ
ƽѾµ֪ݣʱֱӰ
һˣϾҪʱˣ֪˾Ǹʲô˼
ƽΧĻһտʯ̨ɽϣֻǵصЩ⣬ߵԵһۡ
ԨʱʱйðƺҽһĶ
ðʱоˣһ
ڴʱͻȻ˿ڣǿˡ
ƽһֱûʱȥ⣬û뵽˵Щ⣬ʲô⣬㲻ˣ
ʯ̨󷨣ҲµûӦѪ󡣡
ֳΣüǲǻŻȥ
Ѫ󣿣ƽδڱԵվţʢק˻ʢĿ⣬ʢ俪ڵҪô
ԵûκڵȷʵΣա
ƽ˵˸áԵԶЩҪſʢ֪Ѫ۽ͻȻɨʲô
ǳǹˡ
Ѧһ𣬲ԶĴѩĽԼͶעߡ
ʢʦܣлҪʦ˵ܲͨһ£
ҲЩͷۣѦһңѪϾҪˣλһԲ١
ƽ΢΢קʢӣʲô˵
ֻ˵䡣
ƽѦߣѦڵһ
һ飬ԸԸߡ
ٲ߾ˡ
ƽˣҡͷҲǸѦ𰸡ʢ仹ôߡ
ʦǲԸˣɤºͣʢһֱŷ̬
֮󡭡Եټ·ֻͨĵߴǶջء
תѦȭͷսĿ⻹ƽƺöԷڣǺһûȵ𰸣ȭͷɿ
תκܿʧһڵ֮С
ƽʢϢ΢ʢָ⣬չȥľͷ˵
ʦ֣Ǹ˵ʲô
ʵѦѾ˵ˣһ棬Ѧ뿪˵᲻ڵǡ
ʢס۵׵šһԶʣѪգΨһĳڡ
˼Ǿ֪ΣգʱҲû취ܿ
ǣܹ뿪
ʢɤ赭дϿ
ʦָǣʦֺĽ飬˵ֱܹӰʦִȥ
ƽʢߣľͷ˵һ߷ʢĻظһ߻˵Ļ
·УԼԤУӦòԶˡ
⣬˷Ѫʲô
һֽɷԭѱԣҪɱֱ˶£ΨһʤǸ˲ܻ
˼ǳɰǧֻܻһ
ƽЩ㱣Ѫ
ǣ⣬˴ѪЩı䣬ĵΣ»㡣
ʲô˼
ƽûüĻظߵ±סһ̣ǽʲôˡ
ɫĹâΧð߸ֳغߴˡһ·ʲôƿ
ƽоӭЩֱӱƷڵأɽڲ챻ڵʯ̨ϵεÿˡ
ҽӵص׷ӿֱϣɫҽһ𣬻ǲѪ
ƽ·ʲôѵ۽ɨһǺƣԶѪ֮иֳһӰ
˵Ӱ΢죬޳Ҳʱ˶˵ҡ
ǵӰźߣں֣Ҳڰɤ֮߳⡣
Сҡ

ʱ˿̣ǧҹ
ĳ쳣֣һ˻ųдСС£аѾδŹǡ֮һķɱ˳ϻϣ֪䣬ٱ紫콵ʥʥﲻ֪ںδ
ûע⵽ͷͷɫ£ǣϵ·ȣΧĿ˼ܶԶ֮
ĵСЩǲδֳʵүҪЩʲô
ү
Сһ飬ͷûӦֻ۾ֱضǰ΢΢͹﷢ë
ǵﲻ϶ɲ׼
Сĵһû˵꣬ͷͻȻ顱صϣӳɫģɫĽͷɣת˲ֻ֮ʣһ̯ˮ


 133  ̰
ƽʱ˷˼, ѪϵΣص׵ҽƷǲֹҪҽ, Ҫͬɱ֮, ҪѰڡ
ߴӵĲҽеӲСҽ̱ɣҽ̶
ƽǰһӰ, ʢ䵲ǰ, εĽſҽԭµףڲϵ, ʯ̨Եͣ, ҽЩὦ
ʦ֣Ѫ
ÿһ϶źɫߣ, û취ʯ̨
зŵǵӰ, ڣ
ʢ䡰šһüһӰ, Щ, 󷨻еƻһ, Ҫȥ
ƽΪΣֱǰӰ, ӰӶŵӵĴ, Ŀ͸ʢϡ
ˮںδڽ, ǿǡ
ӶڳԽ⿪ϵĺߣеײʯ̨ϣҲеԳǿеĵѾԾۼӪ
ƽɨеµĹƣΪˮαװͨĵӡ
ָ΢΢קʢӣʦ֣ҲԴܡ
ʢ䰴סָ⣬˵֡Ȼ㵲ǰ
ʣѩ׵Ľлһ⣬޾ѹӳʿҲͬʱ
ƽʢ뼸ʿһ֪ʢǵֻڽﰡ
ۼżʿΧʢ䣬һҪʢϣһҲṳ̂˽硣
ס֡
ƽұţʢΪͣʵȫӦʣ׼ʿǳһ䣬Χżžһ˲
ʿбܿģûܿģûбܿʿմ˽⣬ϽѪֱֱصˡ
ƽǵһζ˳ָ֣΢ֲõĸоֳָĿʢϣĻɬʧһɶ
Ƕַ·һźţΧѪŨмӿĺۣ⽻֯һ𣬿г˱ѪȵϢ
ʢˣü΢΢šţԵĲôͬ
ʦ֣㡣
ƽע⵽мӳקʢ䣬һҲġ
һӷģ󷨲޷ɽ⣬ڴ֮ǰ
ʣµĻʢû˵꣬Աнʢĳס˽⣬顱һڿɢŨĺв͵ϮӵӰ
ҼˣʢָԿϣǽ󷨣кܿͻɱõˮ֮ǰҪꡣ
һĺǣѪѾƣ˵ĳϻᴦҲΣգȥĻã
ΣԼȥҲҪƽͳȥ
֮ǰʵһֱûпʢĿԼָ⣬˸źɫģʱ޿̵زаʵ
Ŷ̶̵ػʮ꣬ƺѾҪ˾ͷ
̰δϲ˳ס
þһЩǿ󣬲κܹϲˡ
Ҫߺܳܳ·
аһ̣Щľˮ£һ顣
Ҳó˵Щŵ£˵˲һܹʢĬ˺һᣬôԼҲƱ
˵ģҶǵá
ʢָĶͷĿרע棬аһ仰û˵
һᾡ
ƽԭػЩ㶣⳯ǹʯ̨һѷ죬ʢὣתͺеļӰһ
ַԱ߿ţʢͣСĲƿָСĵԴ
˵Ĳ󷨱ҪĶ࣬ͨѱԣΨһģͻε
֮ǰѩǴѪģɱһǧֻӱ
Ǹʦһȥ˶ѪӰԽɱԽ裬Աѡһˣļʸߡ
һֻû˵Ǹ˱пܻԸСȥͷֵĿ
ֻǿϧˣʢ񿲿ܹδ¡
οǰļǳѪиŹʢ䡣
ƽԭվţָųֻʲôЩҪ̤磬ȴһεסˡ
Щ⣬޴ʯ̨ҽΧȵϢ˿ǣתԼ󿴼˼ֵĺɫӰ
ͬƣǴźߣߴߵͲһЦ
ǶĶСܳŶá
ϱǸӣδⱲǣΪҲͣӦܳһᡣ
СɲУӲ㻹ǺúõĴš
ƽǸǶСﱾܵų⣬һһֱϣĿд󶼹ƽ
м˵ִ
ûйǼӰֱ~磬˲ǰһӡ
顱һѣҪ̤ȥǰָֻԭ״
ͬʱԶһƺߣ˭˲侾
Ѫ󶼱ǿƣƽ磬˻תƵʦϡַ⿪˿ڡ
ƽ΢΢סˣǹϷŪɢȥЩܹԶ򴦵󱳶һѪۣΪ˶ٻЩԱߺ۵ʿ˹ȥ
һᵽɤۣ߬ĳĿŲԶǵӰ
ʢ俰ܿǵϱһѪ
ʺ쳣Ĵۡƽߴһͳ
ܹ
ƽûлظһ˲գؿźеһӰһߵķ⣬⣬ûа취ƿ磿
ڲġֻ˵ôһ䡣
ƽûлظһ䣬ԷϢδ䣬ֻǺ֮УΧʢĵӸЩ
ָڽϣŽ翴ǵӰǱֱɿָ߬⣬ѪΪڱԵҪըѣ߶Ƚš
Ҫβܷƽ˿ڣŲȥ磬Ҳûжһź֡
˵ૣƺڿһԣںеļͬʱὨ顣
ΪҪӣӦúúĥ
λ᲻ҪŹҿܳͦʱ䣬Ľǣڵ׸
СòҪȻһˣС˵ֱ׹ҽ
ƽЦָ΢΢΢ɨȥ۵״Щ֣ͷų⣬䲻ַ

ǰһģһ
ڲδеļɤ󣬡ʱ䲻ܳŹһʱһɿϵ
ԭЦļͻȻں֮ʧͬģӰһ
һʱƽָⴥŽ磬һʱﲻ֪ܲƿ磬һ½磬ֺδԭš
⣿
ƽһⲢδӦֻȴȴֲ׵ĳԣ˽磬˶תƵʢϡ
ߵĺסһɫɫȾ糺죬ײһǰһ⣬˰գִ⺮ѪȾ˰ۡ


 134  ƽʮд
ƽָ۳ϸ΢, һ㸲ڽϣһǵֲ
ǰĽֻбһȴ쳣ļ, ߵĿ·𶼱ָ, δȥ˱㱻
ƽһصѹؿ, Щȵҽ
ɫŨڵ, ֵܹӰǽŵѪͷѪ, ѪȵϢ, ŨѪڵϣһƬɫ
ǰʯ̨·𻯳һ޴¯һ, , ܹ⡣
ἤеıŰʤ㱻սҲ, еѪƻǵ, ǵķŭǲͣվ, ֱûϢΪֹ
Ὣǵȫȼգֱͷ
ʢų, ǵѪ, ӦҺڵ, УӦ
紦˿ڴʹָԼգµ˿ڡ
۵׳ʺ죬ָһƬȣվԭأ۽ɨĽ⣬ԼеĽһӦײһ
顱һӣзĲҽʢ佣еסǰĹִĵ۵׳Ѫеӹ
ЩϣЩӷ·𲻾ʹŤŤվͼ
еӵ£ܿµӭʢõ·ΪѪģܵѪӰ죬һʶ
Ľ⻮ߣʢܿӭĳײһ𣬳ƵԹǵЦ
а䣬ʲôǧӣΪԼܳŵһ̣
Ҳϲˣһģ塭˿ڻӣѪȻغ״гƬ
뱣ǴǰԵ䵽һĥ
ϧʲôҲˣӳһжڱ
ԹɫŤɤּ˸оȳճ壬ǿߵ˵صĲࡣ
ǱΪдõģҪ˳ʹܵа䣬ԼԭܵһС
Ϊ㸸ĸ֪Լĳ˭𡭡νѪ𣬲ǷΪ㲻һ׼Ʒһ˿ƵĿܣʲôûС
ţΪĺʦҪŻĺʦҪһջϲƽĳڣҲΪֵʱ˼ꡣǰԶû취ıˡ
ԼϣʣһҲҪûˡ
Թ鿿ʢ䣬ɢںΧ֣ɤͣ߻ص
ˡҲǵ㣬׻ʮأʲôҲץס
ʢüѹһӰͫ΢ɢôһ˲ս΢ЩȣΪôһ񣬱ĳᴩؿڡ
ڡһɫĵմʪеѪɤӿؿڴĽнĸ˼֡
һ⣬ʢؿڴĳĴʹָ΢΢ʹ˱ĽС
ؿڴ˸Ƽ価ѪԼǰƺӰƼѪ˺ɫ
ƼŤЩŤЦͬĿ⿴ߵڷЦ
ϾҪˡ
ܳŹȥѪѾֻһܻȥʱ䵽ˣ˶ҽ
ʢƼ΢ʹеЩԹ鷢ҽü۴ӿֳİΪһĨܡ
΢΢ת⣬غ·ܹꡣ
ЩյʢлԾͷѪ˳
Ƿǰϸףȥһ˸鷳ı
ˣǷֵȥһһ
뿼ôˣͱһƺɱ
ңҿ
ҿŻҿ˺а䣬˿ϳֺɫŨѪҺʱѾЩˡ
ʱ˴𰸡
Ƿģ
Ⱳӣеľд֡
ΧԭԳڴ˿̰εıѹʯ̨ԵӳԱԵΪģΪѹЩ顱һѳ϶
ߣ׵ĽմѪձߵĺɫĲϵԾӿѪڵأ֮Թɢҽϡ
׵ָս˫ͫһ𣬽εۣ·ֹ֮
һ׵Ľ£⽫߷ָȻɢⲼգѪڰգǰļʮʿȫ˵ϡ
ֻʣһ˿΢Ϣȫʧȥж
ɫĲϵԾط·Ҫɡ
ʢ䴽߹Ѫ·ϵˣηʹ彣Уڽǰеأڵεػޡ
ǰ̤ȥһ
ߵʯ̨εһԱߵҽЩƽٴαɣ󽦵ȵҽƤյʹʹ˳ŴտһС
ָۣԼĺ󱳣ɫ΢Щ룬ҽûʯ̨ǵֻ·һ
ԼվɢȥԳʱԶʢ䡣
ʢϲĺɫģ˳ŰϢĿ⣬۵׷·ڻЩ
ʢ½󴦵ѪƬѪ̫ۣǱĳˮף˳Žĵס
ԺǸؿڱ˶ĵˣ·ڴ˿غϣ޾ճıУഫɬۡ
ƽǹ̵ҽҽٴϣغһʦ֡
΢߬﷢죬ǿŽŵҷ·ڴ˿̶ϿǰĽĴŽ硣
ѿһƣеƽϳϸС˿ڡĴŽ磬ָⱻָѪ˳
ԶʢѾʿ룬Ͼ˼ϵʺ쳣ĴۣȺ֮еʢҲֺ⣬ֻóЩУ׼Щʿ硣
ƽ֪粻̤ʢ䲢֪ɵɵš
ʢ䡭
˷·𱻶룬ЩɫҪԶɣ·ڴࡣ
Ũı佫û˷·ڽ˺ڰ֮УѹֵĿֲϢڴ˿ɢ
ӳԶ꣬Ƽ΢ָ߬ƤһƬѪģ
ĵͽȻȻŭﵽ㡣
ΪҪʢа䡣
δйǣΪҪѾ˼һС
Ӧ
ΪҪ˺ϲʦ֡
ΪҪȥ˺ӵˡ
κ˺ʢ䡣
ڽԽԽأΧƣƽ·лҪպͲѪ˳
ķ˿ɢȫƤȵʹһɢԶӰ·غϡ
ߵһ㣬һļմ÷ĺã˱Ⱥ÷ޣʱ䵭Ŀϣ·¶ȡ
СһҲˣ֪ӦΣ
ҪҺúûȥ
·ƽɤ䱻סɬԿڣഫҵʹ
ͬʱԨµ׷·һһƽվԭأӳεĿֲѹǰĽ硰顱һѡ
ƽϤϢ˿ڣɤȻ
ˮ
һǧ׹⶯ˣ׹ܵ𶯣ˡһɢ޾аӰ׹Ѷεѹɱ״ơ
ǧ׹ǷصаʣѪڰ֮С
һǧˮڴʱ˿ƿ

ⳤ޷塣
ʽƫһǰ߻򣬴ʱ߸ȫһˡ


 135  Ӧûҡ
顪
ǰ, ؼ˳׵ĺڰ֮Уֻнŵ׵Ѫ΢Ĺ⡣дһ޴֮, һֱֱطѪ
ŽƵĳͣǰͨ, ɢŨصаиֳĸǳǳ塣
Ϊ
ƽĸָ֣شϽ, ΢΢, һƬ̹ǵı
Ҳ֪Ϊ޷ġ¡ҲЩ, ֻ󡭡ġ
, ˮУ޾ѹӳصаīɫһ̿
ƽսеĽ, ÿһ, ϵѪʧһ硣
ߵͷֳ︡޴ĺɫ, վԭδ, ˮӳһɫĹâ
кصѹߵƣǰ, ޾Ľֱƶϣǰơ顱Ȼѡ
һ, ɽڲ, Եҽ, ޾
ƽսڰлһ޴Ŀӣݻɽ󷨡
ʲô
˻ɽ󷨡
ѪҪˣ뿪
ѪʧѹһڵӶڿߵǵӰ
ڳǧ˿ɢ࣬䲻ַԹɢƿ󷨣΢΢üˣȻʢںɽ֮ϵĴ
ϳ˭
ӣǡ
Խ˳õ鱨ûˮȷʵƽ
ĽҲõĽ
һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
ѩԶȥķֽ˳ƿķ϶ָֽ⣬Ƭ֮ɫЩ
ϾҪˣ뿪
ԽѩɫأûٶԣʣնʹǶ󷨵Ӱ˲ʡ
һԭʧ
Ī濴۲Զķ΢ЩδԣΪ˽磬ȻǺ¡
ȫɢеƵڵϣҲ֪ȴǵµ
ʯ̨ԵӻָǾɢȥֻʣһӰ
ʢЩղסаɣЩ嶫ǰģȵѪ˳Ž䣬Լڻ
ιȥǰһ̣·𿴵곯΢ں֡
һϤŵ񾭷ڴ˿̼žǰֻʣ²Զꡣ
崦ʹ֪ӿָԼգʱĿЩԶιȥ֮ǰԴ׾꿴ģ
ʦ֡
ƽؿʢ䵹£ǰסˣָʢգɫָ⣬ʶЩ
ˮΧߣƽָ΢ɽҵ𶯣ҽ罦ʯ̨ɤԵ͡
ʦ֣£Ҵȥ
ϵָ΢˶ʢſϣԭʧ
̤ɽһ̣ӿҽʯ̨ûͬѵһͬɢ
ɽһյɽɽ֮Уƿ֮еĵӶڲҹ⡣
ƽʢ䣬ʢѾ˹ȥҲû׷ǣҪһطʢ俴ˡ
Ƭ֣ˮߣûκаҿָһƬȣЩ١
Ƭ֣ƽע⵽·ߵĴׯԺһƬǽ壬ԵĿݲմЩѪвõԤиֳ
ʱûʱȥ̽ǹʢƣڱԵһƫƧԺ䣬Ժǳ¾ɣҪ̤ȥ۽Ƴһ»ۣ΢ͣ١
ֻͣһ˲ֱӱԺ䣬˳㲼һ硣
ˮڵϣεĵͷųźţסˡ
վ⣬ˮ׼ǣֺӽ͸۵ͯ
ǣʲô
Ӳӭǣȥ
ˮʲôƢԼûд˭һ⻮ȥ޵½ǿ˸ӡ
΢šüŷ޷ֺûŭҲ֪ѽǣǺͯͺúŪʵһѳǧа
Ҫ
ϼ˵ܼģȥҲˮɤȥŴŴģȴûп׼˷ޣͷų޾ѹ
滹ڽ֣ƽԺʢʢ˿ڣ˴̫࣬
ָʢգЩɫѾȥʢһɫĺӡǡ
˸ְ취ûаѺɫȥ
ʢϴСС˿ȰˣƤ΢̧԰յķ⿪˿ڡ
ǲǶ֪ƽ˿ڣΪܻˮ
ҵϵǡ
ҿ
⣺а䣬¡
˼һںСģɲںСϲˡ
ƽָ΢һ£һſڣʲôʱеġ
ûʷΪβȻԹ֪ʱӦʲôӦⷢ
̫˽ǲµõ֪֮ķӦ
ʱҲûʲôŵģʱˡ˿ϡ
ʵаǴСתƵģû˵
ƽָ΢ʢĲʢιȥˣֲûڻ⡣
ԭԼ
ȴԸ
ƭӡƽʢգۿЩ죬ɤЩ˵ʲô˵
ΪλҪҡ
ʢ޷شʢƤڴ齱ʢһᡣ
Ƭ֮ԭԼ۸ʢϡ
һʦҡ
ƽ˷䣬ˮ⣬վϤӰٺͷƽǾ䡰ʦ𡱵ûнгڡ
˼棬޵ĿϣǶ̶£Եʲ̫һ澭һ֮ĥʡ
߻ˣ˵ȫѣһжܼˡ
ҹ㣬ߡ
޻˶٣֪淢һУܿаŰںδŶᰲȫС
һȥȫĵط
ƽ֪˵ʲôڷҲвúҲͬ⡣
أԼҪƽﻹǹʢ䣬ԸɤԶɻб£
Ϸ޵Ŀ⣬۵׷ӿ̵ִδתס
ƽϢ֣δȿ˿ڡ
ڲŹ㣬Ӧøߡ
а䣬а޷ɽ⡣
֪ʦΪҲģƽһ޵ָҲʦߣȥᣬڲᣬԺҲᡣ
Ҳ֪ȥʲôֻһЩʦ࣬պһŬ
ΪȡѩʥģǰҲΪ࣬Լӡ󣬵ȴ벻¡
˵δʹԸ
ǵռ˱ˣûʲô˵ġ
ģûȥ룬Ҳûа취һĶװһˣûȥӦˡ
ƽ˵˻ûɿ
ޣӦ֪뿪Ϊʡ
ҵһǧꡢѾ˼ظ㣬ܹӵµӦûҵĴڡ
ĵǧʱܾãõóٶۣ±ҲֳΪˮһա
ԭҪһջϲ
һջϲȴԼϡ
Сߡ
޵ͷδйô΢ʱĿһġգ۵׳дżרעĬ˺һᣬһ˵ĵ׵Ļ
ƽĮ߸ϣݱ˷
ԽԽԶҪܹĵط
Ҳˡ
ǧˣԸ֣ԼУǧǰ̤޾Ԩһ̣ʱѾֹˡ
ԺһƬžһǽ֮ʢ俿ǽߣ˿ٴѿɫ΢԰ףЩʧ
˱˵һá֣ǰ˾ͻ
ӴҲù⡣


 136  Ҳ뿪ҡ
ƽĬ˺һ, Ϸ޵Ŀ⣬ิ·ܹˡ
, ˿ڣɤᡣ
ʦȻ֪, ΪλҪҡ
һԵֿ֦価ˮֹԭصš
ƽҲᶪܡ
ʦ֮ǰǰ㡭ֱӴߣ
˼, ΢΢ʹ
󴦴ֲ, ̧ͷü΢ѹ֣һƬĮȻԷһû˷ޡ
ת̤Ժ
, ϣպǱҪ, 
ƽ̤Ժ䣬ĽγſʱŲ΢ͣ, ǽǿЩɫ, һ˷䡣
齱ʰ, 治һŴ, ʢ俿ǽ֪ʲôʱ, ɫ԰ףϵ˿ٴѿˡ
ƽɫŨѪ, Щ, Ǳ߬, ˴齱ߣ΢˶
㷽ųȥˣ
ʢɫ԰ףǶһģĵü۸أɫף۵ڣûлش⡣
ȥΪʲôңƽľͷڷǰܱţʢǰ¶ԣʢ˿ѿ˳ԼϻҪ⡣
˿ѿˣƽеʢָ⣬Ǳֱ˻ʵ
ʢָ⴫ĴУüʻĵǺίԶ׼ָ΢˶Ĭ˺һû˵
һ˵װƽһЩһ°ʢ°˿ڣһ߸ʢ˵˷ŵ¡
ҳȥΪʦͷˣʦҪҪߣôܸߣƽڰ˿ֻǰɺܳ
ˮţǲ֪ҵǵģȹ˺Щǻǻط
㲻ڻڵһܰɣ
ƽֻһʣϾʢȻľͷӳĬԣʵʱ˼ܺò£֪ϹԵӵĴס
̫ûаȫУʱһ
̧ͷʢĿ⣬ʢָ΢΢ȻǱ˵ˡ
ǣƽЩûǲˣʢĶ䡣
һĺ˼롣
ʦܱ㣬ʢ俪˿ڣɤ䵭ɳƣڡû㡣
ƽ΢΢סˣʢĿ⣬ԭʲôʱ仰ίһðĿƵػɬۡ
ʢ䡭ΪϲΪܱң
Ϊǲң˵˵ˡ
ƽɤЩƣǰίҲڣѾ˼ĶľͷãľͷǰƸˡ
˵žίۿЩԼ۽޲˲žžવ䡣
ʢָ΢Ǿ䡰˵ˡϢЩңɤѹȥɫӲ԰˼֡
üѹβһƬЩǵĿڣ̵Ŀۡ
ƽձߴֲڵĴУָᣬָб룬Щ׾
ʢôһίظˣץʢ󲻿ɿײʢ仳ֹסɤЩʡ
Ͳһ㣬ҲϲǣеᡭҲΪʲôңʲôǵˡ
ܼһЩҲǹʦ֣Ҳ⣬Ҳ
ַ⣺ҲǵΪҪ
㲻µģҲ£ʢ䣬ƽﲻǺܴΪʲôԽԽ
ƽקʢ½ǣעűܿʢ˿ڣ鶼ʢ·ϡ
ΪʲôԼԿѾ˼ĶҺãԼʱҪȥұˣͼʲô
˵ſʢ䱳ɴ˺ɫŨѪָȥŵһû˵ָֻ΢΢ȥ
ʢ䱧Ż꣬ǰϲޣƽҪһٱ˵һ仰ֹˡ
˿ʹĿȴָ㲻Ըɿˡ
ҡԺܶࡣ
а䣬ʱ޶ࡣ
ʢɤᣬʣĻû˵꣬ϴĴУָסʣµĻ
׼˵һ㳤꣬ƽ۵Ĺâɤʣһ˲ɢϢ
а޷ɽ⣬ƽָʢĶͷұɱ֮ˡ
һа취Ҳ뿪ҡ
ƽʢ۵ף۵䵭дЩͣʢѻ죬ʢ䴽ߵ˵㡣
ȲҪ˵ˣ
ָʢĴɿľͷڵʱĿһھ
ҪҶ˿ڻѿƽҪȥʢ½Ҫ˿ھؿڣɴҲȾɫ
ָȥʢסָ⣬΢Լ
к󱳣ιȥʱѾˣʲô˵ģƽ˹ˣᶼʢڲܿڲʢ䣬ֱӶʢ¡
ʢ䣺
ֱӱ˺ƽ񾭴֣ûע⵽ľͷ΢Щˣע⵽Ҳ⣬أʱľͷŤĵطѽ⡣
ַذʢ任ɴ˿ڸϸСĺɫӣ֪ǲǴָȥʱЩĶЩɪ
ԭȾʢ˿ڣָһȥЩɫľʵˡ
ʦ֣ЩĺЩҡƽЩ棬Ϊˮ𣿡
ʢ˳ſȥЩɫȷʵڲͼָܿ⡣
ˮѼаרЩа֮
ƽͷһȥˮ˻
ˮ
Ժ⡣
޻ԭվţǰĳգۼûӰѹǧ΢͸ۡһ³һѪ
𡪡
ˮǽ͵͵ţע⵽һѪһ˴ˣ۵ͯӦһӡ
䣬ڷˮŴϤӰòޣѵ޹޹Ⱳֲӡ
ﴧŲ²⣬ûнɵӦһӡ
ƽԴˮûôקˮˮһ£ȻЩаһˮӵĺ£޲ԭһš
ֻϧȻ£û취аɢ
ʦ֣㿴ûУЩа亦ˮƽЩ⣬Һˮãˮʢ仳ˮʱţҪаȾ˿ڡ
ˮ̫⣬ӣҲһֱѽ
ʢ仳ȻһĽεضͷųѹԵĸо˵⡣
ѽϲ
ţƽע⵽ˮСˮһ£˿ûкתҾͰ㶪
ˮаʥˮ֮ģŶ˵ĥ
ˮһ飬ɤЩίӵĿ
ӣҲϲأôôҡ
ƽɤಣҲûá
֪ѧģôޡ
ƽע۲ʢ˿ڣаȷʵûȾ˿Ȼϵǲôѿˡ
ʦ˿ڿɻۣƽһʢ˵ֱ˸ˮļҳԴʢɤģﶼǹġ
ˮ̫ƽ˿ɶ
ַ⿴һ۾ͲҧˮЦһ͵һǳгζ
ˮһϤЦһ飬ֶһһɶ


 137  Сҵġ
ƽʢ, ʢ΢ҡͷѾˡ
϶ƭңôܲۡ
ƽûֹ۵ҩ, ֻһЩҩʱʱҪһʢ˿, ɫĲ˿ڲͻȻѿ
۸ʢϣʢߴա
ʢת, ʹʢ뿪, ߷֪ǵ٣Щġ
ڲҹ⣬ʦӦڲҹ, ǻǲȥˡƽ˵, ·ϿЩѪЩ
ʢָ⣬ʢָ, ᲻صĦָ⡣
Ҳûط, ЩɫĿƽûô伮, аδ
, ֪ʲôа䣿
ַ⣺аֻһֻ֣Ƿֲͬʱ, ڻǰ㡣
ʼֻ֮֮Ⱦаܻа, ʦϵġγɵһ, аΪ, ֢״һʵϲһ
а޷ɽ⣬ǻرɹаܻữһ̯ˮһֿܣǱûǵޡ
ַ˵Ż˶٣֮ǰСǿ飬ֲʱôϲ
ǾŽ޵ͫ
ʢ仹һǱûǵľŽޣʱһСֱӰˡ
ƽ΢΢סָⱻʢĦʢ侫ôãûһ˹ȥ
ʢĶͷЩ̣ΪʢǺۣòų
Ҫܾ
ûлظа취ҲСģȥ˾ųɾŵĿԻز
⣿
ƽһ䣬ûлظԼ֪ƽ̫⣬ʲô÷
ԺѸ˼Ҫ취аܹӡ
⿿ˮ϶
ƽ˼ָⱻţԼϵ˿ڴʹ֪Ѫҽˣһֱδ˿ڡ
ʱֹֻסѪֿʼԼԼˣԼһˮ󿴹ȥһճС
һЩҩҩȥ۵һԼ˿ڰˣȽˣܺá
ԺƫƧƽԺⲼһ磬ҹϨһԵڴ齱ſ˯ˡ
ҹʱԭ˯ձߴУȵĴУЩǲ壬ֻ£ֲˡ
ƽ۽޲˲ֱۣûһᣬԷֿʼһġ٣۾ȻǱӣͣ촽ָͣ档
ۣҹʢĿ⣬ɤЩʦ֡
ʢ䡰šһ۵״ЩȣϵĦĴǣգ·ȷڡ
ʢָ⣬ţʵϻһЩʢһջ֣һջ֡
Щ˯ˣһָۣ΢ʢʱչȥʢձһ£۾ˡ
˯룬ֺʣǲ˿ۡ
ʢûлشһ··һأ¹̵ȶȣĴ֮䴫ȣҧһ£˲ˡ
˻˼ƽ÷ЩܣԼţľˣСرܿʢ˿ڣӳ糺졣
ʦ֣ϻˡ
ƽ΢Щ΢ܿʢ䣬ΪܿʢϢЩֲҶˣʢ
Щܲˣ۽ƳˮںĿǣЩ죬ָһȥֱӰˮˡ
ˮ
ǵԼǱϴ齵ģֻ֪Լ󲻵˷ǳ߳ܵƣָ⸧βߵૺ֡
Сϲ㡣
ϲ
ҵġ
ƽ֪ʢϲǲӦһ˵ϲһ۵ȥֱֽ˹ȥ
ľͷֻʱ򻰶һЩǹʢˣڶ賿ˡ
϶һֻ֣ʢرһŤƣŶЩܡ
Ŷһ£ϴʹƽһʢؿڴˣûѿ֪ô
ƽǽһԼָ涼ǺۼԼһӲ˴ʢ½ȥʢˡ
Щѿˣǲء
Ŀʢ䱳ǸѪϣĿ΢񣬺ձϵճСһģһ
ƽſ˺һᣬԺƬλָ΢һ̫õĲ²⸡ֳ
ԼһˮȥԼıԼϳ֮⣬ûκ˿ڡ
Ӧûкȫ˿ڳʢϡ
ƽȥԼ󴦵ĺߣĿͣ˺һᡣ
Լڲ󿴹ĵ伮ǺͺŻһ֮мݽ
ԣʲôطԡ
ʼǺһֻβͣһϢ
ƽԺˡһһУʱڽǱ伮ûп꣬伮ǱڽµĽ֮
ʱڽµĻȾа䣬ûǸʢƭ˵ֻǸоȫĹ趼ۡ
ΪûʢȾаģ
˵ڽ¡һ༸ֳ
ԭδܹˣֻҪѪڶնʧ
ȫתƵʢϣа䡭пҲǴתƵġ
ʢ䲻֪֪ܲһУȴΪһУԼȾаΣڵϦԼ׸Ҫƿ
һ·ƽ£Ϊʢ䡣
ƽ˷·˱֮Уǰϵ˯հЩ԰ףָ⻹߬󲻿ɿǳ۾ɿҲҪС
ָûʢ䣬ڴ齱ţʢ֪˶á
ǱʲôεĶסµЩܣȴּϸ΢˿˿Ƶᣬľͷá
ΪľͷЩʲôأ
ЩڱǳģаҲӦϣǼա
գʹǳѰܣʢڳʹࡣ
ƺǲµʲô˿ڡ
а䲻תϡ
ƽڶʢĲŵƺϵ˫ۡ
ʦ֡
ƽôһԼĳ嶯ƽδѹһʢ䣬׶ҡ
ѹʢѵģ˿ڴаڷӿˮԱߣƺϢаˮϢٴӳϸϸؿ˿ڡ
ʹ뿪ڣؿڴײȺԴ˽
ȻûײˣؿʱǺۡʢǰһڣιȥɤѪӿָıϣȴûдƿ
ʢͷֻ˶Һţ·ίŲ˵
֪ʲôΪ£ָĺ󾱣ĸźˡ
ҡûסʢĬһᣬɤ䵭ɳƣָϸϸĦŻĺ󾱣иӡ
ҧȥġ
ƽˣ֪Ӧ˵ʲôʢ䣬ʢ϶Ҳֻ˵ʲôԺ󲻻֮ģĶѾˡ
Ϊܶ
ƽ˰죬ʢ仳˵ϲҡû壬˵һ


 138  ƫĵ
ﾲĵ, ƽһûظ̧ͷʢ۵ףʢ۵׺һƬ, üѹһӰ
ĺ󾱱һĦʢƽﲻ˵黰, Ҳᡣ
첻ˡ
ƽɤܵͣû˵һ
ԭˣʱʢŲֻ۽, ȥһȥ
ƽȻʢ仳, ۽޲˲˰컹ûסҶ֪ˡ
ΪҪҡָʢϵ, ɬ, Ϊβҡ
ʢָ΢ס֪˵ʲô۵ӳ, Ĭ˺һ, ҵ֪ûжá
ôܡ
ƽŲţ֮ǰʢѹĺü·, ҩҲʢϵ, ֪ˡ
ƭңƽ, ϶֪ˣ֪ȴҡ
ʢûлظ, Ĭϵ˼, ָĦ, ˵ˣֻޡ
ڲûޣƽʵеޣסˣе㲻ˣ㲻˵ʲô֪ҵĺҲȫ֪
ţʢֻӦһû˵ģβԺ˵
ƽֻĬĬҪľͷľͷ͵͵С
ǲ˵һᣬʢɫƺЩʶȥ鿴ʢ˿ڣʢ䶼ûüܿһȻ˿ٴѿ渲ĺɫġ
ƽʲôˮȥˮһ飬΢΢ˡ
ָⱻסʢ˵ʲôûü˵ڣ˹ȥ
ƽˮһᣬˮԭڱţܿܲˣ΢΢ʹϴ
ӣҴˡ
òҪ۸ƽϢ΢΢Щ־һˮ£Ҳù
ˮԴû˵΢΢ţȥίίĲС
ίίˮͷųЩԼϢЩаȥЩɫʵʵ˿ڱԵţȾ˿ڡ
ΪҪãˮЩˣɤƵģϱҲ㡣
ɲ뿴ϱӵݣ޹ܻòƿأ˵׸
ȻҲϲַ⣬ַ϶һ
Ҵѵãƽ΢΢̧ˮطһ죬ǹϤƭ˵ġ
ˮ˵ӴȻȻȥݾȪ
˵Ҫ˴㲻ãһܣƽˮҲǣϲ˴ãҲǻͬܡ
𣿡
ˮԼ˵ǳҪ˶еκģ΢΢ۣҲϲޡ
޹Ҫѿڶֹ˸Ҳϲϲң
ȻһƽƭƭɵӦû
֪ˣˮɤۣǵңӻ᲻ң
ƽ۾գģᡣ
ˮѽðݣĵԭתȦȦ
Լ˵ģҸС³ˣӿɲƫܡ
ˮŤŤظС״ǰӾ;ƫüηⶼþȥ
ַ⣺
ƽǵЩˮױעԭھᱻ£ֿһתתһұתת˵ĲС
۾Ҫˡ
úõߴţﲻȫϵ˲ܵ󡣡
ˮͣԹԵӦһشһ߲ˡ
ʱȵʲôԼһۣԼһͨ׵ĽѽʵʵһţƺСµĽ
û취۸С£۸СµĽֲ££˳ߵһߡ

ҪԼӣƢãѱΪߵаһʶ̵ƵԼߡ
ѽһһţһͨһͨףȥЩ
ˮԭΪѽûʶؿ̵ŲЩ⣬ƽʶĽ࣬ѽһֱŲΪǰ
ʲô֣ˮЩˣԼĽʶΪβ˵
ƣ˵а̫룬ó
ûдˮֻĬĬ齣ˮԶЩ
ƽˮڸֹ࿴ۣûʲô⣬ֽˮ䣬Ҫȥһˣغã쳣֪ͨҡ
Ŵʢ԰׵ɫָ漴ԭȥһ¸ɽϵҩݣͨҩȻãǲֹֹۣ۵ҩݲңȥ
ˮӦһĵڷΧ˽磬ԺҲ۷
ƽԺ䣬ȥ˸Ĵ䣬ԭȷֵѪ̤ȥʱ˲ԣЩֵİ
ּžоûʲôζ
ԺǽɨɫһƬѪв̫õĲ²⸡ֳԺţӦ
ֱƿţδƿţŨصѪһƬɫѪͷһ̯ŨصĺɫѪˮ
ԭվţЩʲô
⣬а䡭ô£
ƽȻʳѾԼ˴𰸣Ҫǧǰʷǧ֮ǰʷʱаӣַӡаǧа
аΪλģ
⡰šһӹȥаˡ
ƽЩûףʣ۽ͻȻɨʲô˲һ
Զǽǣԭȿյģڶ˸˵ˣȴЩͨ巺죬ٱĺɫаڣƤѪǴƤ﷭һѪƴյΡ
ɫĻһ𣬷·۾һ
ƽŲ΢٣
ǱаɵĴааĹ̻᲻ϵˡ
ƽЩʼȾа̱аӳ˱аʱ䣬ҲøӲء
ָܹ׷ϹҵϸСѪ⣬ѪζЩ̱ǣԷ˹ٶȼ죬Ѹٱܿ
ĽʣûˮõԭͨĽȥһ顱һдҽѪģĶֿˡ
ɫа佫ɣܿԭػһ̯ˮ
ƽսԭվһᣬ漴ջߣԺһа䣬ȥԺӣζࡣ
ֻûаĴ񣬷ĺۼƽÿԺӶһа䣬鿴һ䡣
ûҴ档
ƽƵЩܣʱпʷ֮ǰ¡
⣬˵ġڰаӹȥʲô˼
ɻǵ㾭Ǽǣַ⣬ȾаĳǳأԭǧǰĹųǣڻþʱ
þ֯ɣŵƵʱͣԿڻһ꣬治һաһȶߺͣʱʮձһʱһһʱԱһ
ַ⣺ĳ˲䣬Ԥ֪⣬Ǹ˲䣬ĳǳغǧǰʷĳһ˲䷢غϡ
һ˲䣬Ƶʺȫһ£ռҲᷢغϡʱ㲢ڻУʵĻصǧǰĹųǡ
ַɤûеǧųǣݳƵʵı仯ǧǰĳǳأӹųда䡣


 139  ¿Ҳ
ƽЩȻ, 仯ƶǶ˼ǣҪе仯ôܣ
һжغϵ˲ҪѶ˼ڵЩֲ
, ǳеһһľÿһߵˣߵƺƼ, ÿ飬ȫԭκϸ΢Ĳ
ӦҲ˲ʱ䣬Ƶغ϶ȥǧǰĹųǵķ, ɹĿ޽ӽ, ˡ
ƽоԼĶⱻʥ֮һԶ, ֮˵, ΪԱӼ֡
֪ԭһգ
ƽ֪ҡҡͷ, ֪, ܶණǵˣʢҲֻһЩƬΡ
ǲҲ, ַµʲô, ġ
ԭԪʹԪһա
ƽͷ, ַ֪˵ʲô
һ죿
һ죬ĿЩζ, Ķ, Լǵծ, һġ
СһֱʣǵķӸִء
ƽԼ˼ȥ˸ֹ۵ĲҩУֻš
޽׼ͣõˮʼϵĿط·𱻴򿪣еޱȻ
ֻЩ˼ɣĺḺǧϰٱʹϴûиܵۡ
ЩʹҲתƵʢϡ
ƽû⣬ֱųϣʲôãƾ豾ΪȥԴԼ߳׵ޣࡣ
Ը໨һЩʱ䣬ΪͶදӣ˺𣬲Ϊӵ˼
֮⣬עŲԼˣϵ˶תƵʢϡи⣬ϲ˻ܡ
ŷ⣬ƽЩڳ޲֦һ˲䣬бŷ⣬ֱ޵۾
۾ǵ㣬۾֮ǻжݵʱʧȥж
ƽץס˻ᣬ޷ŭŭ£нѪֱֱصˡ
һ𽣡ڶκ£ãսеĽǰ·ҪԼ˷һС
ƽߣЩҩݶСزժˣֹ۵ҩݳ˲֮⣬ǳǴһʱͻʧȥá
ѵһСƬƽԥһ£ӴҳУֱϡҩһŽȥ
һΪȥ䵢˻ʱ䣬ȥ΢˵㣬ǹʢ䣬ϻȥٶȺܿ졣
Ժ䴦Ľ簲Ȼƽ˿̤䣬ȴյûˡ
ƽһ˲ˮҲڣۣȥӦˮλá
ˮˣ̸״
ӣɲңС˷㲻ڣҪ㣬ס
ˮɤﲻˣ˿ѿѸϽȥɣ
ƽӦλã˲̹ȥˣҿòԶָӰ
һѺڽʢߴߴвʢţֻ󴦵ĺˡ
Ϊϲͻ㣬ϲӵĿɶȥˡٲȥһӹ˿϶òҪ
ŶˮȻֹ
ƽˣЩΣʢ䣬ĵۡ
ʦ֣ʲôֻǳȥժҩꡣ
ǰתɫ԰ףü΢ѹһɫĿ䵽ϣ΢˶
ƽ֪ľͷǵǰסʢָ⣬һʢˣΪȻ˿ٴѿЩ
ʺѪҺɫƽ־˿ѿֻӶ񻯡
ȥֿʦָҵֹ۵ҩݣ֪ûСҵˡ
ƽָⱻսʢ΢΢ָ߬һû
Ȼȥƽǣ˻ȥһһߵˮˮոвˣڰ缦ز˵
Ժһξ룬ǻȥƽЩֹ۵ҩݴӴóзŵԺǽʩЩȥҶ
ţƽһЩҶע⵽ʢɫӲ԰ЩָʢĶͷЩ亹
ʢڵĿ⣬΢ֱҲãҲӦò˵´βˡ
ʢָ߬⣬ɫ΢ףɤƣ֪̲ס
Ӧÿƽľͷָʢ˿ڣɤ˼֣ңҲģ˺ˣȥﶼ㡣
ƽӳʢĲʢĴǣЩζСϲĶһ㣬Щǡ
ˮһ߿ţĬĬҧ޹ʵ̫ɶˣȻװƭס
һһ˲ҳһߵʢװϹ£Ҫܡ

Ľûעƽڵʢظ
ʢһûƽָʢĶͷʦ֣ûС
ľͷššһָɽ߬ʢ俴ɵĲҩʦ֣ǲ֮ǰ˵ģϿεʱ򽲹伮ġ
ֲҩݼģһ̹棬úܺÿ
ʢ䣺Ѫݡ
ǾͺãҺûҴƽС˵ǰ֪伮ʦģ˭ĵ伮ôġ
ÿζҪ˯ˡ
ʢ䴽ǱֱĦָûе伮Ҳ˯š
ΪϲЩģƽҲϲЩ˯š
˵͵͵һʢ䣬㲻ʲôѧĵӣʢǽȻ෴ˡ
ʢ䡰šһ㲻ϲ㲻ȥ
Ҿ֪ʦֻô˵ƽЩģʢϰڣû£ȿˣ϶ˣԺҶ˿ڡ
ƽЩѪݰ֭ܿ࣬ӴóһЩ۽ԭģ·ûôԣڿó
۽Ӧˣƽҩ֭ЩܲˣƳࡣ
šҲСʱ¿࣬һЩˮ
ʦֲܻˮܻӰҩЧ
ó˿˿۽۵ӳɫҩ֭ʱ΢Ť쳣ʻܿҩ֭õԶԶġ
һȾţɤ·Ҳ¶ȣһ˳ӽĵס
ʢСˣ޸ĸСڷⳤʱƢ԰δ֮ѧܷâ˱һľ롣
˱ҩû˻۲ۡ
û˻ΪصѰֹ۵ҩݡ
ҩʱҲҩ֭಻ࡣ
ȲʵĿҩ֭
ˣأ
ȷʵۣҲ¿࣬һЩ΢С£ĵȴůڵĻüЩȻ
Ǽǰ˿˿ƵζϾζǹ޶ݳġ
ʦ֣ʢ䡭㷢ʲôأٲҩҪ
ƽֱţϸ»ֻǶ˸ҩ֭룬϶ˣЩˡ
ľͷԽԽľˣһŻᶯһ£ʢ᲻ľͷ
ʢŽ룬ҩֱ֭Ӻˡ
ƽĿɿڴʢĺ󱳣ʦ֣żе̡
еƣô£ȸҩȳƵĸо
˵꣬ʢ֭ˣ䵭΢סΪŤ
ƽ
Һʦ鲻ġ


 140  
ʢ΢΢, ȵüЩǺˣŵһߣι۽, ֮մζ
˵𼱣ƽЩ, ҩû˸
ƽľͷ۽ָȵĴݣʢ۽ˡ
ֹҩѾˣƽһʢ, ʦ, ۲ۡ
ʢָ΢˶ڴĿ⣬õС, һӡӡ
ûôЧ
ƽԱߵһ, ʢ˵˸
ٵһᣬƽʦ, ȥժֹҩʱȥ˸Ĵ, Ѿûˡ
ƽһаĴ񣬷, аӳаʱ, Ҫͣسˡ
Щ䣬ֻòҶݡ
, ֪ˡ
Щĳе״ƽЩ, һδƽ, һ
նʹ, ŵӣ̫ġ
ƽšһĵʵʢ䣬Ҫȥҽ⿪аİ취ǧʮܶҪһˣʢа䣬ǻһ⡣
Σܷ
ƽʣʱʢɴҩҩʱصع۲ʢɫɫǰҪõĶࡣ
˵ֹѪҩȷʵá
ҹʱΪ˷ֹϴε鷢ƽʢǿ顣
ʦ֣ң쿪ʼͷֿ˯
ԭʢǻҪ׼ʱڣȻҪúúϢ˿ڻϵĿһЩ
ʢ䡰šһĲ˵˸á
ϨʱԭһЩ룬ƽû˯һֻ֡
ֻȦŤͷ˳ʢ΢΢ֻȦûġ
Ť˻ȥһֻ۱һֻ۵֪
ҹžҪ˯ŵʱ򣬻һ˲оһвƺһſֲռ
ǵƺҪ˺飬еëȻ
ֻʢ䣬ָʢ󣬴ЩζʢͣˣΰѣоԼձߴʪĴС
ʢ
ƽһᣬۣ׼ڣʢ䡱ֻûгʢþյɿ۾װ˯
ָקסʢĶ䣬΢˳ʢ䣬˯ǰӦʲôú˯ľҶҾͳȥˡ
ˣʢ۽΢˲ûдֻȦЩεر˿飬Ըߡ
ҹʵƽ˯˰ʱײôģ賿ʱһֱҹ
ʱܾòЩۣʱȥһۣԼ϶һѪܵӡ
ƽˮ￴Լ˿ڣֿ齱ߵʢ䣬齱ߵķͻȻ˿ڡ
ȥݡ
ƽָ΢˶ԭվ˺һᣬʢĲЩǰʢı
˯Ĳȣͷٴð亹·ھʲôµʹ࣬΢΢°ǿ¶ͬ
쳣ݼ⡣
ƽЩȻƲڴʱŨ·͸
ָЩԺˡһȫ
Ժڴ￴ĹǹҲзǳϲʳ⣬ɣ˲˹ʧȥԡ
ʢҲڱǰĹ
һʧȥǣֻӵԵޣȲ
ƽĳһ亹ôһ˲·ֹͣŨıĿڱǣǰЩģһŻ
Ҳֵġƽָ΢ɤ֣߬סָ⣬Ķͷͼüĸƽ
ʢǻվǰǣʢԭ仹ҪСһЩ
ջ֣ڴ齱վãĺմʪ½ڷʧ
뿪֮󣬷һƬžϵۣѧŷŵĶذԼĴǡ
ָ˱
ˮһֱԱ߿ţв޹޹ҪˣԼɾŽޡ
׼дһϵϸСǰɫϵָմѪ
ذεԼ
괽֮һѪģɫķ˿ɢ࣬΢΢һۣһ
ˮڰؼУѽŵú޹Ȼвǹġ˵εҲûûٳģĿ⣬ѡ졣
缦ԭشţװԼʲôûп
ʢ俴Լе΢Щ񣬶ͷΪʹð亹ָ΢ףɤȫѪζ
ؽ飬ݼ䴫µʹ⣬·ʲôµĶڳ

ƽȥ˳Ÿ̽˳е֪ǧʮѾȫڳǡ
νڳǡټԭĳţһؿγջ
ǸȾаߣᱻֱǣаȾйӴֻܴڵڶջջʣ塣
нնʹţȥҪ̨̨ͨǧǰ֮Ϊа̨³ڳŴΪ顣
ﻹŲնʹǲҵĿ޺նʹȥа塣
Χųţǳط·𱻰סס£Ĳ¶һ˿
һƬҰ֮
ƽڳŴԼʱ̨֮ԱΪ׶˺ܶ࣬Ҫһʱʣ̨иš
˼ûջأߵĻϡ
ҪȥڳǣַԿ˿ڣа䣬˵Ϊȥһǣ
ƽָ߬ˣ˵ûȾһԵ⣬ǴȾʷǳߣû취֤ʢ䲻ᴫȾˡ
ԼνȨȥΪԼûʸȥġ
ԶеĿӳѪ죬ǰĳǳط·мغϡ
һһʧȥή
ƽ˲ԶĴѩñܣԭʧ
ԭڿԺɢԼǰ͸ʢǿģҪúøԷ˵
ʢĿЩ˿ڡ
ʢԺվţɫЩ԰ף֪ʲôʱɫ㾭㣬εƺǰ˺ܶࡣ
ԭĻָԵĲɣԺʱȻϸ΢ǿˡ
ʢڵ
䵭Ŀ΢΢˱仯ڿʱһ̶ˮ»˹
ЩͻȻͿ˿ˡ
ƽ˵Ժȥҹǰʢ
ʦ֣ƽ˿ڣʲôʱѵġ
ˮҲδһˮˮʾ޹ԼŲŲ͡
ƽĿ˼֣ȥʢָ⣬ʢָ֪վ˶á
ûѶãʢָ߬ⲻɿɤ䵭ȥ
ȥ˳⿴ƽʢ߬ϵĲˣҪˡ
׼ǣ⿪˿ڡ
ƽûлش⣬˷ʢ䣬ô
СԺȹһҹ
ҹƽûҪʢ䱧һֱδۣҹʱܵϤĿ⡣
ۣʢ˫ӣ˴ռԣڿԼһ
˫۾ǳ䣬еͫغϣ
Ž޵ͫǧѼ
ʦ֣㿴۾
ò񣿵úϲʦֵ۾
֓D󱻿סĴУƤܹеظоǰҧĲҪ̳븹
ƽֻЩȻƽӦẦ£ʱȴһҲ£ʲô֪ӿ
ҹɫкʢĿ⣬ǰƺڼʲôɫʹࡣ
ƽĵǱ߬ˣָǰķ˿һ괽ߡ
ʦ֡ҲۣҧɡɤᣬЩᡣ
뿴ʢܡ
£˳Ŵ϶ǰûжδϡ
ȵҺ󴦡

*
лҪ˵
⼸ңϿ̫æ˹ҲβˣԼhe


 141  ʹ
ȵҺ󴦡ʢᡣ
ƽЩס, ȷ·˳Ŀڣָʢĺ󱳣, ˮַͬʱŭĻ
ӡʲôˮɤüϸǲͬʱ, Ϊλһģһ飿
ġܹסܱ֤ǿʱ
ַϢѾɱɤ䣬ޣ, м㡭ֻὫ˺ķϡ
˵Ļδܿʢ, ·ǹʢ˵ģʢָ΢߬׵ָ΢͹·Ҫ͸ƤƳ
ƽδ, ʢ, ɤºͣ·ܹƽ˵ĵס
֪ʦ᲻ۣǱһ, һа취, õġ
һһֱʦ֣ʦҲϲ, Ǳʲôģ, Ҷ㡣
ʢ䡭ԶԸᡣ
ʢ䣬ǼǰŵѪζ, ½Ѫ˳һ, ָ˳ȥ
ʢĴǡ
һƬѪģ
ʢ䲻Ըҧ, ҧԼͷ
ֻһ˲ûӦ, ܿˮȥҩֹ۲ݡ
ˮڵܿܳá
û䣬ƽˮһۣˮ˲죬ԹԵعȥҩˡ
ⲻװƽһƬҶմֹ۲ݵҩ֭ҩҩۣʢ京š
ʢ䣬ָʢ³ǰ棬һδȬѪ
ָ΢סʩ棬Ѫһϡ
¹͸䣬ϵӵһ𣬱סգԺӼž

ҹǳ⡣
̨̨һ֮նʹš
ǵڣна޷룬ͨ໹ûнͱаҧܻĴ󲿷ֶʿ
ղ賿̨ǰһӰӦһ꣬ŶңֳһڵĽϱšһĿܡ
̵ܵ䣬īɫķ˿һ걳ϴţһֳŵϢ
걳ſ̤һ̨ڶ̨ȫ̤ȥ
վǰ
ƽŵʢĿܣʢ꣬ʢıڳ⣬һȫĵطá
µĸնʹǰ˿ܣѿܷñϤˣԽ֮ǰڴѩնʹ
նʹ˿ܣ֮󻹸ܱԽĿϣһҡ
ӽҸģǰ£ȥ˱ĳǡ
ƽָ΢ʲôû˵Ž̤˳С
νڳǣϽȥֻڳǵ˳ǵҪڳǣǳѡ
ǳػԭģĿܻĲ˽ңһ
ֻһС֡
࣬ʱҡ
ƽֽʱûбܿ꣬Ĳ㱻ҧһڣе̣ʹѽֱͬûˡ
ңƽקקܴͷóһᵽնʹĵطԼߡ
ϵĿû˵ֻĶ⣬ȻͷųЩ䵭Ϣѧƽģ΢΢Ķ⡣
ǰʢ䱳ǳʢĶ䣬񻻳΢΢ֱû˵ʲô
ʢδ·ЩȤתǴͰʢˣҪֱط
νطǧϢĵطʲôϢʲôֻܻҪϳۡ
ʵҲûʲôǮֻһЩ·߲ɵҩʢǡ
ʵڲУĦеˮʵڲоֻܰˮˡ
˼ˮ
һ·ǣʢ䵽˾طſɿʢ䡣
ʦ֣ңһͳƽɿܣϿĿ⣬ǰʢĴǣ̫á
ƽû˻ȥסʢ俪˿ڣɤЩ˻ƣ˵ġ
˵ǵڶǣǻǵ˼աӦʢ䣬ʢ䣬ʢ䲻ȥ
֪ʦַġ
ƽע⵽ʢ䷽ڿΧ̣ӻͳһЩʯ֮ǰʢġ
ʯʢ仳ʢʯԭվš
ƽֽһ䡰Ҫܡ̤˾ط
طǧÿһﶼУ˵ݺء
ŮǰӭӣȣǰգǸۡĹƺ氵࣬ߵȵ˵ƣɢ΢Ĺ⡣
Ůŵһǰ߸赲һߣֻܿģӰԼӰ
Ѭ㣬ƽ֪һЩأԱߵ̾˿ڡ
£
ƽǵӰĬһصа֮
ˣа϶в˹˶֪а޷ɽ⣬Ҳһ˿΢ϣ
˽֪а޷ɽ⣬̾ɤܵͣ졭ʲô
ƽʲôҲûУֵǮĶڶԷƽƽ
΢΢ָ΢Уξȡ֮
شȾϹа䣬аѽ⡭Ϊ󣿡
ƽδû͸¶ԼãֻĬصŶԷġ
ʲôԸ⻻ûна֮а취ܹӳаʱ䡣
Ը⣬֮һȡһ

ʢԭվţע⵽Զĵģ˵Ļ˶⣬С֣ƽϲĶ
ǿжע⣬ҿմǶñۣס
ʢʯȥ˵ǰ˼ֵģļֶЩȺģһϲ
жľΪǿܣЩӲΧ˲СĳײʱǱܿˣֻǵĺ͸õ˶һء
ײ˵Ǹʢ䴽΢ֱɢϢȥϵĵģ·һ㣬ָ⻹δȥ
·СΪûע⣬ֱӲȥ
ָضס̧СǸ⣬վҪһݡ
ε˶ûճĴܵĴһģƼ䴫ʹĿ˺һᡣ
̳˺üۣǰĻ·𱻶еһ֡
ΧУ޵ڶߡ
Ϊȥͷ˽סȴģ
˾Ҫˡ
ΪʲôҪţ㲻֪ԼΪʲôģ
һգͻʹһաû㣬һñںá
ָ΢˶ʹָ⣬ʢԭվţߵĻȫɢЩڵ˸ϡãյʲôʣ¡
ƽ˾طľŽԼβǷɤ
㵱濼ˣΪֵã
Ϊʲô룬ûбˣ
ƽʢ䣬˷⣬ûҲн
ΪʲôߵǣЩԭӦܵġ
ˮͷⶼ̫ƫû˵ʲô֪ҲԸôԼ취
ֻһ˫۾ܹӳʢʱ䣬úֵá
̤طûſڿˣʶԶȺпϤӰ
걳վţڶԼָ⿴֪ʲôüĿЩ
ûпûûκΪֻվƽȴĪ
ʦ֡
ôһʱ·𶨸סѹֵüɫһ˲˱ʻ
ƽԺʢĻʱ䣬ʱӦӦµصʢߡ
ʦ֣ߣǸģ
ƽɨһߵɢĵģµʲôע⵽ʲôĿ΢˶٣סʢ
õĻ֣ƽЩˣʦʲôʱһֱš
ˣ΢΢ס̧ʢĿ⣬ʢ䶢Щ
ʢָ΢˶٣ɤ˻ƣشСˡ
˱ˣһ´βҪֱȥøճĵģ̣ȥҸͿҩ
ɤץΪһƬ֮ɫʢĴ˿ڷ·ĨƽüһӰ


 142  Ҫ
ƮϸС˿, ƽʱԼӦû۾жܹܵĲ仯ʶܹӳģ, ֻǶǵĺףûɫ
ʢ䵣, Ȼûиʢ䡣
Ժ֦Ҷ䣬ƽָǽڣˮһŽˡ
ӣҪΪ޹
ƽû, һǰ, ֻǴʱ΢΢Ȼ֣ԼʱʱЩۡ
֪طΪҪ۾ȥʱҪ۾׸, ׸ڡ
ƽôһ, ָⱻ̵֡
ˮߴߴ
ӣûõġ㲻Ҫǵĵ, ƭ㡣
Щֹʡ
⣿ΪβȰȰ, 㵹˵仰
ˮɤŭҪ, Ӳ, Ҳһֱ˵ƺ
ƽ˺ص, ֱ۲ɴɴҩ֭, ܹסϵѪ
һذɴ⿪, ɴ͸ź, Ѿǳȡ¾еҩȻһߵذס
ӣҲҪ޹
ˮɢѹΧʲɢһأҲϨˡ
ƽѪذ϶һСƬѪ飬ɫ԰ףָЩѾȴ׼ȷ֪ˮλá
΢ƫȥ˼֣ˮɪһ£ίԭؿʼ
Ҿ֪ʱӦֱӰѪӦ
ǰ֪ӽ֡
ƽЩԼ񿴲󴦴ʹձ٣񼸺ѾʹȥƺܹԼĹͷ
ͷð亹ΪԼ˿ڣҩܹ֭ڵסѪϢָЩȣǽڻ˺һᡣ
ڣѾҹǣȥұǡ
ƽԪͺ춹óЩԪĺܳ󣬺춹״һ
˺춹ζĺóԲóԣʢ䶼
ƽԪ춹ˮæţ˷ߵ󴦴ָѾܳ˫䵭һĺ졣
ʦ֣ڣϿȥп
ƽ񿴲ߵ꣬ڸ֪ǿܹߴʱϣδƿ
Ԫͺ춹ƽԪڲ輸ϣҳһ飬ζ
㳢һ
һȺĺ춹ȥõһˣСӣú춹ĲֻСӡ
ָЩߵ˺춹ʢüѹȥĿǰˡ
ȵĺ춹Ϣſ죬¶ϸǰ˿޷Ӧ
ײһ𷢳Ƶ죬ʢѺ춹ˣݳªԸǰ˿ǰƺҲҲˡ
ʦ֣Σ
ƽ⶯˶ʢǳˣϴЩͣʢ
ľͷһ򿪿ڵ٣ֻƵġšһһذĺ춹
Ԫ㶼Ҫꡣ
ƽƹȥ۾ȻҲ֪׵ɫЩ죬ڶиСĴˡ
Ұ״Щҩ֭һ𰾵ġ
ʢ俴Ԫ΢ֿǰ˵ڣﱻڣܹɴ
ָ΢Щ㱣ǰ껹ϸظ˵ԪģصڶߣǴӺԶĵط
ƽ˵ô࣬ľͷûзӦֻһʦ֡ض룬Ԫȫˡ
ϵʱſܽ˳ǣΪڣк֣Ļиߡ̣ܵ࣬ƽܹǣʢ䡣
һ·ȥ˼ǳأЩˮаӵڳǣǴýеҰ֣ͬһ㣬еһ
Ѿõˣϵ˴󲿷ֶЦеڵζŽʹаոɸɾеںӱ߷źӵƣ˳ͭС
ƽʲô̷ߺܹаҶС̯ߣ˴һߵľͷ
ʦ֣úţҪ
ƽʱʢǮʢԵҪһ
һҶϲ
ƽֻֿľͷ
λӿ⼸ʽĶ
СóļǺǰӵģ˶࣬һ۱ܿ⹫Ӧäȥڣᣬαװ̫׾ӡ
˼ɫʺäСӡ
ȻһӲδѡɫ׼ȷش̯һȥĳɫɫǳڡ
ʢһÿɫ̷ǮȻаҶݸԱߵꡣ
ʦѡͨܳ󣬡ƽ¿Ҳܲ³ô˵ȴŲԸɿڱǼǰζʢϵ÷㡣
֪ʲôʱʢϵ÷ʧˡ
ʢҲȥ𣬽ջףܹףԸʵ֡
ôһ˲䣬շ·ȻƽоƤʹ⣬Աÿڵס۾ڶߡ
СףҪԸ
ƽ΢ƽﲻȻҲ¡ǧһֱĬĬػ䣬ִ
ʱҲšĵزһ䡣
Ҳ޷ܷϲ꣬;˴ӦۡĿţӦƶϵİѩ
Ϊ˽ǡò٣ܲʹʱ޶࣬ѩڵڻֻʣŢ
˳˵ҪõʲôȻҪͬĴۡ
ܹϣǲҪЩ˴ܣȥԭӦ
ƽƤĴУ۾Ƥ΢΢˲βһ类ĦʢҹĻСأȻطſ
ʦʲôԸƽץʢ䲻ףߺöأ΢΢ܿյȴһƬ
ʢû˵˼ǲزҲǹʢ䱳ϣ§ʢĲ
Ҳ²¡
һֱϲ㡭Ͻҳף
ǳ׵ȻȢ㣬ʦô̫ίˡ
ƽ˵ľͷûӦľͷǻʲôѲ뿪㣿
Ҳ뿪ģߣƽ˼֣ʢǰý黳ʲôǰͲ֪ʢ䶪˶ٴˡ
ľͷĶ䣬ʢ䡰šһһ·ȥſʢıϣоģ˯˹ȥ
ʢ䱳ȥһûвС
صǵСԺڴϣɫ¿Ա߲֪˶ãָϸϸĦԶؼĵס
ȥǳأǡֳǣССĳǳأۼ֤ЩǳصĸƽѰ޹ʢǴڵʱԽԽ̣ʱֻʣԡ
죬Ҫ˺ѷ.ʬ䵭в
ʢʳ˻˯ҩ󲿷ʱ䶼˯Լ˵ʢ˯ʱǡ
ʱһȥ죬нż̸ϻ
Ϊʢ׼һܼҩҩ֮ǰھطģҪϻѪãԼ֡
󴦵Ѿϣٶǻһֻùװãˮˮչʢ䡣
ذٴδƤһ۵ڵϴֱιȥڶ۵ҧѪΡĴΡѾΪܵʹࡣ
Ѿһδ˵ʱ궯˺Լʹ̡
۵ɫѾӽ͵ľͷ꽫ЩװãѪֹ
ȥʱȴƽģ·ʲôûз
ʦ֣Ҫˣվͻ
¾͸ˮ˵ҴǵðʱҩʲôҪҲԸˮ˵
ϵѾ˯ȥƽһȥʢȷڴ齱վãԭʧ
η⿪˿ڡ
ַ˱ۣˣǣѾܹܿȫնʹֱӽڳǡ
ɵȥϹܹƭѧ࣬ΪԼʦֵԸעһС
ܹһС
һǰ˾ʷݣʥǰ¶ȡʥʥ
˲ȥδܹصȥı񡭡ʥܹȥһǧǰԸıһС
ַ˵ֻ꣬ԭЩ㶣δ̫ķӦ
ң
ַ׼ȷĴ𰸡ǡ
ƽδ¶ҪȸʢﵹǴЩõϢ
а䲢ȫȻ޷ɽ⣬ֻûǧѾ˿֪ǧǰнаķӡƺǧǰࡢ࣬йء
֪ϢǼ٣ƽȫˣǹʢ䣬һλһЩ
ϤСԺˮ΢ģȻˮЩɪвõԤӿֳ
ӣҲǹġСװ˯ƭҡҷʳƽȵҩ
Ͳˡ
ƽʲô־Ķð˳˴ЩѣΣָƿǰš
ʲôʱңʲôоײײؽţȥ齡
ϿյģʲôûС
ʦ֡
ʢ䣿
ﾲĵ˻شƽԺˡһ·𱻳ȥ꣬ǰĹȫʧ޴Ŀֻϯƺһ̾ͻС
ָʲôûֻͷһֽ
ֽǼΨһϣǰһƬڣɤ˻ƣˮȥģ
ˮʶּ֣Щ˵˵һ
ӡСԼߵģˮЩɪֻһˣʲôûдߡ
˵úûȥҪ


 143  ϵ
ʢʱΪ, ʲôûдߣЩ춹⡣
Ҳʢģʢ뿪, ûдҵ
ƽһ£ûҵ, ҲδŹʢϢ
Ѱַһ߿˿ڣǧǳѻ˼, Ӧǰȥĵط
ƽԺʰ, ϹʱҲˣѾΪѡ·
ȥ
ʢĶȫʰ, һ¹ȥ, һȦαøӵӵǳһЩ, 󴦵ĺ߻ڡ
˵ʢ仹ڻ, ֻҲˡ
ƽָ, ʻȴش
ֻһԼӻ, Ķûˡ
ôһ㹻
ƽָ΢΢߬, ǳѾǿ֮ĩĺס, Ƕ̶һ֮, Ϊ
Ժľɪ, ƽŽ뿪̤Ժӣ۽ɨһ糺졣
Ƿ䡣
ѾΣȥޡأɡ
ƽŲ΢΢סһδ˵ʱɤЩɬǰİգЩյ
Ҳȥ
Ҵ˴ΣΪȥ𣬡һűֽĬ˺һ֪Ҫߣġ
ʢʮ񡣡
ƽЩ⣬ˡ
˵ʲôǰȻЩԿڣԭǰĻãȫǱ˸ˡ
ϣƽ
ɤᣬֻ˵ôһ䣬аʴǧ˵ڣӦֻǰˡ
лƽһ䣬Сؽֽ˻
С俴ǵӰԶ˿ڣڣ
ƽŲ΢٣δתָ΢ʧ
νĵطƽ֪ģȥȻôң·ϲͣкΧ
طǧʮǵľ֮أı߽磬ǧǰ޾ԨѳĿӡ
ߵ±ڣؽΪ磬ָ̤ͭ¯𺣣죬ʾͷ糺Ѫɫ
ҵƽ̤˽ȥϱˮǰľ󣬵ܹ
гŨصѪϢͬȵĻҽ֮УԹĿ
ڻ⾡ͷһģӰ
ڳ糺ֻ֣̤𺣡
СҲδң
ƽߴɤվԭأδǵģȻǲҪˡ
ֻǵС£ֻǵʢ䡣
ˮʣкɨһ磬ΧĻϨЩ
δǵãƽ˿ڣϤɤЩ׹
ջеˣ㣿
Ŀϣƽгһ˿
ҷ.룬ҡ
ңܶô
ǵ.˵ıǾҹˡ
ƽ𰸣ʱҲûжô⣬ʣۣԹԶŵ£ֱָڵĿڡ
˵ûķ.Ƿ.㡣
ƽǸͬѦʹѩϻԡ
顱һƽ˽ֲѹײһ𣬵Ϊ֮ӳգԹҽֹڽ¡ǰĽɢ˱ֳ룬̳һɢڿС
ϯȫ⽫ߵĻˣƽ֪ڵλãˮӳصа
ǧ㶼δı䡣
ڻ𺣱ԵɤЩζĿԶԶܹݰܵĳǳأһȻ֮
Ӧöġ
ƽߴһ伫͵ૣδ£ǰӿֳ׹⣬һѽЩӺ󷽽ᴩձܿ׹֮С
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ǡΪԼȥܸıһУ
ƽڵૣ׹⣬һ޴ȥ·˴Ӹ߿׹䣬һ˲䣬ǰ·ָ˹
һ΢Ϥ΢΢۵һƬ
߼žƽһʲô
⡭ΪҪ»ȥ
ΪǺ£Ľַ⣬ʥԭǼΪļܴӹȥ߳ȫƿء
ҪǵãҲ棬ҳһҪɱ
ʣĻû壬ƽߵȫɢιȥ֮ǰž޿ܡ
ʢڵһѰ⿪аķȥ

ǧ⣬ճǡ
ɵδ뷱ʢʱڣ̤ƾ쾳ļ֮Ψһڷ̤ƾ쾳ţǹճǽַ⡣
ǧ֮⣬δֳƶȣ˴ϮŹƶȣǻι
Դַ֮ǧΪʢʯ䱦ޣǰ֮ɶ֮á
Ͷ֮⡭͵ıˡ
ʱ˿̣
ƽڴеûӦǰĻǳİȥǷǳͳܿ˵Ըһƫһࡣ
֪ԼΪԱСԼָ⣬ʲôǲˡ
ܾԼƺʲôǳҪ飬Լؿǰܹġ
ԱߵųµɫۣϢͳЩԼŵƺҲ̫һ
Ǹ
ƽҪڣԶ˽Ųһ΢˳Ŵ
Ҳ˵˲ٳˣļģ
̻ظβ͹ģ˵Ǵϵġ̫ӵµ̴ӷֵġ
˹ƨ£ʲô˼
ƽͦģЩ죬Ļֹס⧲ضߡ
òˣü۾续ԭ˳ֻ࣬ǳ϶ЩǼӲѹȥһɫƳۣͦοݣʵĻֱһģӿ̳ġ
ƽ˲΢΢סΪվӣǶԷҲЩͬӱߣ׶ˣǿơ
ʲô»ַЦˣЦδ۵ףǰ΢΢סƽգɤЦЦ
˵ϲԼģǾô
ƽиУһʱֻ֮ЩۣԷȥձԵƺʲô
.Ƥߣַɤ΢ǻ˲˼õ԰͹
ʲôƽۣԭ֣֪ʲôøһģһ˵һ֪ͨ˵Щʲô
ƽס˶Է󣬡֣ۡ
һˣɤȴȫһڵϵɤǻģ峺Сëɨϡ
ַɫ΢Ź֣һˣΪ˵ص
˭ģ
ƽĪҲ֪Լô̴˵Ǵϵģ
˼ûлظַĻԼǰקס̵С䡱С֡
ԷһƽĪһԸñʶû
ҡ
䣿ַ׾ٱܿü΢ǵһμôϸ
ˣ˸Ľ͹ȥС£Ҫִ


 144  ˡ
ƽûһ, ֱˣǸһģһ꿴ƢԱ꣬ô˵, ԼԷ־, ڻۡ
λǰʻԼؿǰͷǳģС, Ŀ΢һ, ָضס
šüԼһ飬Լϳһ֮, һֽ, ֽдһ˵֡
ʢ䣿
ƽûʲôӡ󣬿˿, ߿ռ, ;ʵ˴
Ϊʲôᴧű˵
Լָ⽫ԶЩԶһ, ԼĪЩ, ڻŲŰġ
ǶҪˣƽ˼, ָĦʢСֺ֣ܺ, , ӦŮ, Ҳ˵
ƽַԼϣȷûĶ½зȥĺۼ߰ŤССС֡
Լ½һᣬȷԼģ֪˭ģ·ǰɫѡ˸ɫ߷ȥó
ְԼ½ˣ̴ӣƿǷʢһųǣ̨¥ͷǸߴĹǽ
ƽԼӦȸô£緽Ǹһģһ꣬˵ӦǶԷȻ̫
λȥ㹬ǣ̴ͣƿ˳
Сӣˡ
ƽһ򲻹أʱֱġ
Աߵ̴Ӷ࿴һֵۣͷ
ƽˣλֽƽӦ
̴ӽȥͨƽڴǽߣģӦ̫ӵ
ӷַ̬λֽӦλ̫Ӳ͡
С
Ļһ̴ӣŹԭ̴ȥ͵˼΢΢Źһ̤ͬС
ƽԼ̤ŵһɼǳ÷㣬ŵĹ˲ࡣ
ȥʱͷܹƳ¯ĵ̺ܹһǰɫɳۡ
˹ڵƽҲѧйоأĥô˵ͷһͳ䵭
ֽ͹ģ
ǡ˵ǵֵⷢģӦ͵ǽղݰ
ƽûпȥַݰʶ̧ͷ俴ȥ
һӰüĿޣβĻȣͦ촽縲֬ɢ࣬һɫɳ˱ȷɻҪ޵öࡣ
ǵһμ棬ƽЩˡһ˲ͨ죬ڵз·ܹԼ
ЩκģҲЩȣһ۱ջߣԺ䡱һֻһͷ
군ˣ֮ǰûˡˡ
Ľ佫ɫ۵ף΢šüֽûм
˵ַĶӹҲţӦ͹
ֽ˵ŷõ¶໨Щ˼Լϡ
ԵѹЩС˵ַԭͷð亹ͷҳﲻ
˽֪̫ӵ岻ãǰʦ˵С»ڣµǿɵЩ鵤ҩš
͵²Ȼģ˭Ը̷̫ӣοַѾǧ֮᲻ڹնһ
ƽڵϣλϵδղԣ͵͵ȥߵɫá
΢΢üԼĶҪˡ
ԭشţóȻ˵һᣬ꿪˿ڡ
ȥ
ǡ
˳ƽԼϥЩʹذ͵͵ĿϣԶڿ
ԷĿ䵭Щӡ
ַһģһ
ƽֲҶˣһС£ģûظҲ̫һ
ȷʵһ
Ľ΢ǰûַǰǿƵҲûôߣƫºͣһ˫峺΢һͻ͵͵δ
ȫˡ
ƽϸ΢ĶСվʲôɵԱߣ˳ſȥ࡭ɫĺ
˵ɫҲ֮ɫܳ󣬺ƺΧڣһַ֮ɻȥĽָɢ
ǰһӰĽ䵽ǰɤЩͣ㲻㲻ַˣҲ塭ġ
Ľָϣ۵״űӣָȣָĦϣͱַȫ¡
ҡԼҲ֪ƽǼǰϵ÷㣬κĸоˣҪסԼܲ˽껳
ϴȶȣûҡȻΪ̫ԺһƬհףЩҵը
˹ȥ
ιȥ֮ǰԼƺʲôĶ
ĽûзӦ˹ƺõģֱ˵
ƬĽסɫЩѿԼĿԼʶķӦȻǽסˣûаƿ
¡
ڰԳΣҪֱߣĽ俴ȥǴԭû
ĽָЩιȥ˻ק½ǣ۽ȫۡ
ָ⣬ָ·һ£ջָ⣬ȥָûʲôʱȴôҲ
ƽȫ֪Լιȥ֮ץ˼ҵ½ǲţץסĵݡ
ʱ˿̣һ߽
̹ڵϡ
ʸɮ
ַȥݰǱߵĻرСץСµ½ǿޣһǲӵˣ

ַһߵȥˣٳϴγ׼ҳһλаʲô
ĪǺСйأ
ʸɮܿַڲʸɮҪĶ࣬˲裬λʵ˴뷲Ϊ¡
ӷ𣬡ü΢һȱ࣬ü̺֮쳾ǧƶɮ˴ǰ󡣡
ַ⾲ġ
ؽѾǴ
硭ǧ֮⣿
ҡҡͷڸԶĵطңԶδǽת
ַˣ΢üҵת
תǰĸ˿һɲš
ֹǽת֪жţаδɵǧһƽ١꣬Ψһܸı֮ˡ
ֵһӷ𣬡뽫ϵһߣڴ˷Ҳ
ַԭƨ£һ仰ЩˮǺϺЩ
˵ʲô˼ҵö𣿡
ǸոĽȥ˵ѾȥɿˣϾ֪С¶ô
Ϊβӣôܴ
οСӸһģһ
аϵĲˮȣʵһһɢ

ƽǵԼιȥ£ûþѹˣԼ۾ЩۣҲЩ͸Լֱקƺ½ǡ
ʶק½ǲŶϵİĶоЩԣԱ߿ȥ
ȻһϤ޵ק˼ҵ½ǣĽĮΪ˱飬ü΢΢šš
ƽһЩ㶣еľͷ·˽ᡣ
СС£Ϊλ
ĽδشԱС˲˵ؿ˿ڡ
Ϊһֱקǵµ½ǣôҲԸɿƣ㡣
СˣϽɿµҲģ
ҡСܽеģ
ƽ֪ȫȻȻķӦԼϳĽ½ǣЩ᲻ɿĽһۣĽü䵭ʲô
ˡƽɿˣ΢죬Щ˼
ĽĿڴ΢ͣ٣ջ½ʱ˵ָ
һ˲װ˸ɣ顱һЩײǽϸӺˡ
ƽǸ¡Ҳǹġ
һԵСڷۣһμôԵģֱǲУҵ²Ųֵ


 145  㻶ϲ
ƽЩ֪, ԼԼָ⣬ǰûлӦ, Сƫ䣬ôࡣ
δ֪, ѡȥѶʱڶƫš
ƽԭ뿪񿴼ĽЩ߲·ߡ
ڵ, ƽСڵ, ̵˵һܶ£Ϊ¡
ĽĿ, 䵭, ġ
ȥѶҲԹ¡ƽŹˣŲȥĵط, ͵͵Ľһۡ
, ˼ǲߡ
߶Ľ˵㡣
£ӦֱȥѶ, , óȻ£, Ǳν
С˻˵ʲôĽĿ, 졣
, պ׼̤
գ֮, ǰ裬϶һԼϸɫӣϸСĻơ
£ʲôƽԼϵԼ÷㣬ϴŲռطͦÿġ
жĽ΢΢ۿ˫ڣֻʣЩ
СƽϲĻЩ
С˿һ£ûǴĻƺСĸСµӣֻǺ¸ĳ
ھȻˣ
ƽû̫ӦϲһЩռЩȣĽл¡
ܲˮҴܳȥ𣿡
ƽǰĮˮܳȥ
ðɺðɣСǻ
ƽ˵˸ŶûС˵һѹأʲôûȥֻȥСƽĵطҪ
Բϸϸгܾ£Ǵ齺ţһһǽ϶鼮һЩֵֹĶ̵̽ͭС˶г˳֩룬Լǵߡ
ƽЩ棬ߣִСߣС߻ĽС
ΪʲôѧУ
ƽ΢ɼسһ£Ա߻СӡСиָС˶̬ı
ȫСǰĶǸһСߣָһƬһ£߻³ţ롣
ΪҪ룬С
ô˳ôÿɫѡĶô󡭡
ƽ£ջֹ֣䣬ȥ˯ˡ
һ췢˲飬ûȫӦԼԺһ顣
һ˯˸þڶ컹ǱС˺ѵģѾС˸˵ǲ̤Ĳ̤ȥ벽
½ղڹУ״Ҳûá
ƽԼĲӣܾòЩۣԼ򲻼Ҳûôˣûٹܡ
ȥ
С˱ǿ׿
ƽѯ޹һ㣬ڶ㣬컹㣬ˣĽÿ磬ҪȥȨ̫ѧΣҪÿȥʰ
֮첻̫ӵ¾ˣʱ˯ϾҪμӸᣬ˯ˡ
ͬһȴûô档
ƽСˣСÿ֪Сÿ״ڶʲôȫ޾ϸĸĽ䡣
£ƫ͵˵µĳ
˵µС֩󡣡
͵˵µĵġ
հѵֵˮˡ
µֺÿڵµдµ֣д繷
£һ˯žͻޣǲǵʲôֲ
ԺĻݣƽҪû˯ڵдĽ
ɫԺǽߣһֻǳҽ±ήֻܿ
ƬҶӣԱСûдһֱųŹš
ƹɢ΢ĵƹ⣬洫˶ƽ΢΢һϤӰ
¡
ԭأСѾӭ˹ȥĽ䷽û붬ȴźãθͦΣվһ
Ľ߳תҲźһ£Сһͬ
ŸʲôƽʱǸ迴껰˯ˡ
СڳƽЩ˼С˸ҵģһ𿴵ģĽǰϡ
һ䣬ƫţĽûиߡ
ʣ̴ӱ棬СҪǰĽãĽ俪˿ڣ
ϣƽ˺üİʳƫԺúȺã˯Ľδܹ
ƽ֣ûĻ˭ᰡĽĿǰ
Ļɻһֻ˯˵һյ¡
С˲ˣ˿ˡ
Ľ俴Сˣʹչһˣȥһ˽Ƶ
СӦһ鲻Ը뿪ʱһƽ
ƽСգۣվĽǰĽ߳Щ˵ĽС
ָںϵԵȷʵܺý⣬ûһʡ
½ȥô
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ȥ˽
ȥģĽ΢΢ҽͻȥ
ƽֱҪַۣû£ȥģʲô֮֮ȥƷ
ʲôƨ󽫾ƢҪóҪ
ƽֵЩԣƤ΢΢̧ȥ
룬ƽָ⿪õϵѺ÷һߵϣĽ仹ԭվţѵ˼
Һһģһûʲôϵ
ƽĽĳЩӣɲǰѣǸֱŵģǽ⣬ȥϵûн⿪
еϢЩΣƽͷûȥĽı飬ǰջ˵ԼʲôѸ·Ѳá
ǿȥָⱻסĽ۵ףĽɤͳ᣿
µĳͨ·ҪӵĶ࣬ƽɿ֣Ľָ⣬Щڣ
Ľɿ½⿪˳ֻһѩ׵£˳һߵĳ
һ߿ţԼδæ
Ľ䳯鷿ߣȥںСʡ
ǵ»ͻȥ𣿡
鷿ȻţĽûлش⣬Ҫ鰸д
ƽһĥīԭΪԼᣬĥ˳֣īˮĥһƣī֭ȥ
øˣĿϣĽڿֹԹԵذʯĥˡ
»ûлشҷŵء
ƽвĿĽָϣ˫ֺܺÿ޳ףձʱָ΢΢͹д
ַ˵ˣĽʼ΢٣ذѱʷˣһҪ㣬ס㡣
СһףȷʵΪȥַ⡣
֪ĳʵϿķǣֻ֪ԼȥһĴ࣬ȥǸˡ
οȥʲôȥַ⵱ܵܣǵӣ
±ѽһĥīƽī֭ŲʢЩСһĶܶ࣬°ڵġ
ĽƬ̣˵⼸գƫԵģƹҵеߣ͵͵Ůͷ
Խ˵ƽԽ죬ֻ״
£֪ˡԹϴɤС
ĽĿͨİ׾Ĳྱмɫĺۡ
һ㣬ϸ
Ŀ΢ͣ٣Ϥڡ
ǰӲ֪˻һ۾ͻ㻶ϲҪΪС
ƽأ֣ԷĿ⣬ԼƤͷһ䵭
֪ҹ


 146  ͵ס
ҹɫ, νҹǰҪڵţڵд, ƽǴջƽ, ƽڵⲢûضãĽͰȥˡ
Ľ䣺䣬㲻صҹ
ֲһ䣬һֱվڡ
ƽŶһ, ֵĽԴ, ԼĽ䴲齱֧˸С㡣
һۣĽ, ״е, Ľճëһһģ֪ʲôɵ, 
ƽȥ, Ľŵɫһڲ׵Ũī
ЩĽԼ۾
, Լ۾
ĽԿһ, šһ岻ж, ܿԽꡣ
ϷŵĻе伮Ԧ֮, Էֻ, ÿܴԼж
ƽû뵽С», Щģ伮ϵҳСıʼǣСһҳǡ
һᣬС¾һֹܽ꣬˽ԭ㲻ֹܹܣеĹ֮Ҳܽߡ
ƽ伮Сû˵Ӧ׼˼һ㲻ǿ֮ˣҳһСֻճһҳȥ
Ȩأдʽǧ֮ι
ӦΪ죬ʵϵ£־Կǧ
ƽ˰죬̫ʲô˼СµԸ
ֳĽ䣬Ľרӣרעûմ
Ľ仹֪Լд֮ʱˣŤͷ۾ﶼСǡ
˳ſȥҳдС֣ԼѲ绹ˡ
ΪǲǺࡣƽһЩϻȻġ
Ľüδ̧˵࣬ҲǺࡣ
ʳСһнڣЩԲϷΪƶ˵Ȼ㲻ࡣ
ֻڵλòͬٵʹҲȫͬκ˱ȥԼԸ£زο⡣
㣬ƽﵹӳǰӰСĶ࣬Դʣ²ʲô
Ľûлش⣬һŵҺĽֽ
ַ⣿ַѾ£һɾȻġ
úһ
Ľȴҡҡͷǣڹɡ
ƽƶǶ˱Сµĵ伮΢ЩʲôλϾҪʲô¡
СµӵһʱԱһʱ깤˿ֱһģһ˵
ƺһʱ֮ǰҲ㣬û̫ı仯
һҪģ佱ºĵ۾ܺÿ
ĽŤ˹ȥ˳ŷ֣СµĶЩ
ڶĽ仹Ҫһ˯ϣһŴ齡
ƽҪʢ˯˯ڴ齱߿Ľ䡣С˯˺ܹһҲַֻԼؿڵλã˫ҲƽӦǴСγɵϰߡ
һ߿һᣬûþˣԼŴ齱˯˹ȥ
ԭӦ˯ŵģҹﾭجΣεĶ϶ĴˣôҲҲ
ֱѣͷ亹ֹδۣһůͷϡ
˫ס۾۽΢£ŵϤ÷㣬¡δһƬȶסĴ
ƽ
ԭ˲̫ѣʱԺһƬհףԭһܶ
ƺ˳ӣĽһڣű׾ءЩСЩһ
ƽԭأ֯оȡвţм߳ܡ
Ϸȣ۽޲Ľ䶯΢˶٣ȣͳɤߣֻ˵仰
ξμ㡣
Ȼһ֣һ
ҵġ
ƽԼ˵ʲôеСһͻȥ˯ˣڶ糣·ʲôûз
ֻʣԼһ˾ᣬԼǲ̫ϲСΡ
ӦǣԼĴߣء
·껹ڵ϶ſ죬Ѿüˣ˸ۣѲеƲɣ춢һ仨ˡ
ƽûо̫ãܿûʱˣַԹҪؽ
ʮ⻹ַһ̤㶫Ľȥˡ
ǰ˵ãձָ⣿ĽƤ΢̧һƬ䡣
ַ÷ϻɨ˲ԶСģ˿ڣСԼ˵ҪһȥǼڶ
СĲɫûУǸŲӣԶ׼
ƽַҲ磬ĽߣקסһĽӣĽ
ҺСһ𣬲ȥ
ŤŤŲӵӴЩζϻЩ졣
ַ⣺
ż첻ַ΢ۣתһȦڵ
ƽЩַ⣬Ҳر£ǹһΣԷ˺
صͷǶֱַܲ˰ɣ
ǿɲУ£㿴һģһǶ˵ĹϵַɤģƽǻȥҪ
ƽͻȻвõԤУûһֿԣǾַ⡭
Ҫ 
ǰȥһ壬һʥˮ˺˾ܻУСʱġ
ַ⳶ɫģɤ΢ͣ٣겻һգ۾ͳôˣǰЩδ⼸ղż
ˣž
һԵСˡַһ
µһַǻˣ˸ҳЦ
ȻûˣҲû˸ңοǽ˶ӣ˵ǽ귽ʮߣӿȥֻСʮꡭ
ǽĻû˸ɣһڳ
ƽֱĿɿڴûӦַһ䡣
⼸͵չˣұҪȥ
ַŽַֻ⣬Ȳ˵ǿֵַһҲƷһ
ɤ͸¶ƣĽδãҲԸأֽΣ
ƽĽЩ⼸ڹʹʽʽ΢ϵǷǳַ⡣
һ׾첢ΣΪַı
ӦǣַΪӣҪʹλˣαһֱţַ־ڴˣҲЩ
ŶǼٵģһģֽ̫Ӳ͡
ۼţƽ˾ɿĽ䣬Ҹߡ
㲻Ҫ𡣡
˵ֱףַĿϣЩЦ
ô첲ͻᳯˣַⲻʱ䣬ֱӱ˴ˡ
ƽֻü˵仰һ䡰µҡ
Щ᲻ãĽЩ룬üѹȥЩе
˳Źƽ
ַڳȥʱѾʩ˷ĽСģ˵Щȫǡ
飬⴫ɲ˶ΪСӣԺôء
ͬһһһС۵СۣҪƽַ⡣
ƽַ⣬ַޱ飬ַⷽ˵ЩԷҪҪʲô
Դ̽غһ
һ
ַ⣺

*
лҪ˵
컹һ£ӦÿԺڼ棬ӦӦá


 147  
ƽǹô, ַ⼸˲ͺȻĶͱšˣַš, ֶᡣ
㵹ͦѧģ㺰ͺ
Լ˵, ƽۣ䱻ķ죬ۣɿ
ַɿ, , סҿ˿˵صַ⡣
С£ַ, ɿ, ǰδŹӺɫ
־ƽԼԶЩ
ģַʡ
ƽװַ˵ʲô, 򿪳, ˸ΧĿЩ糵, ָ, ָͣ⣬Щ׽ζ
˵Ĭˡ
Ų, ƽԲŻظҺ͵ʲôҲûС
Ҳʲô, ˹, òҪ㡣
ַһ, Ųںᣬ⣬Էᶨ˼֣Щв
ַ⣺ʱȷʵЩˡ
ʱԵ
ǿúÿȷʵúáַĽûʲô˵ģȷʵ֮⣬ҲıԲܣϧţвҲ˿ûʩչ֮
Ź񣬶ٻ꣬˭öעҪعѣعѣ
ƽ⣬и׼ĵĲˮһιΧͣ
ֻûһƲأʲôƽιͰǷŻȥ£˵¡
㲻˵ǵµˣΪһȥ
ַ⿴ϵĵģ겻ʵأѵİڳɸ״ƽû˸ǰ
ǰԼת˰߲ضҪΣַͷһθоͷۡ
ҵתҲܷ㲻ܡ
ƽ𰸲̫⣬ַйϵ
պңҲǣңһȥӪ
ȥӪǲܼ£
ƽԭЩܿҪ𣬺Ŷ
ϲСߣС»ǳ
ַһԼᡣ
ʻĺܿ죬ûһ͵˽ַһ·һΪ㰲ס㲻Ҫ˵
СַӺϻóһߣܹסǹߣȥˡ
ԺҪʾˣ¶
ƽ⣬ûߣֵ߲ÿܻܲһţԼ
ʾˣֻϤֱܷʾˣ˶Ϊַ⡣
ޱ飬ƽԭվţһбīֽţԼȥһţһżġ
һģ⼸ղȥ
ƽһѩ׵ߣ΢ŵģֻ۽ǵ׺Щ
ֽŵݸַ⣬ַһַֽ⻳ĽҪɫߵɫࡣ
һɫһǰɫ
ַĵһ鷳ǽ˹ֽŵݹȥˡСΧߣߴߴͣ
˵ΪҰסס
ַ⣺ƫ
ҲҲУƽڷ󣬷ȥ鷿ſصĶЩӺܸߣģҲгµĻơ
С
ƽ·࿴ۣǰߣ⿴һ󴦵üë΢һ¡
ַĿ⣬Īñëëģܾò̫
ΪгµĻơƽûһ
Ϊնʹ
նʹʲô
նа
ƽŶһڷ鷿
鷿Ľ鷿ܴ൱ڰ⣬ʲôƷֵУǶѵСɽƵżƺǸġ
ƽһ⣬˼ַȥֲһ⣬һ߰˷⣬ַٻԼȨȥһɽӡ
⻹Ǳ߸£ʱʱСģڲţԭڲţȥǽϵûһϵġ
⣬֣ܳȥ𣿡
ܡ
Ÿջһʱȥ
ҵĺô죿
ַû˵𰸣ָϵ˵㣬˵ģԸǺӹԿࣿ
ǣ˵ֻҪܸŽν
ƽڷ鷿һᣬûһͱȥԼСԺˡţСԺסĵطԶ
˵طֻܲλǲ̫ЩʲôС˵֪
Сӿɻ⣬ǲ⣬ΪСѡĻס
Ȼѡƽʵ
Ȼȥé
ƽΪˡ
ֹԹԵظȥˣַģôǳȫˣûһŮӣֲùֲá
ַƢмŮܵˡ
ԼСԺ˯һʱԺӶһȦܿ쿴è塣
ԺƺǾѡģģΣһˮĳ³ۣȥǳĿ
ȫϥ¹
̷Сӡ
ƽ˿ȷʵܺÿ϶ǹģϲСϲС±ֲΪСˡ
Щһȥµ꣬òĮʣü䣬彣ûдۡ
ƽ˳ųȥʲôģ
ʱ䵹Сʱ֮ǰַ鷿
Ҵַָϵ˵㣬С͵͵òǼǵûҵǺҲ
Сȱţ÷ҵĺӹȥ
ȥСԺУպСӣչ˺Сӣÿһ㱨Сӵ١
ƽЩ⣬ô˵Щȷʵܺÿõôˡ
ȥ˵Ҳôţǻȥɡ
ǲСӣֻԺﱣСӡ
ҲҪƽһԵ꣬ҲȥҲҪ˸š
ҲûסʲôʲôеѼǣͲףôţôȥС¡
޵Ŀ΢ͣƬ̣ظ֮Сӿͬ顣
˼Լ˵ƽȥˣȻͱˣһ١
ƢͲôãƽʱһˣ׵ģίڸС£С¿ˣ֪᲻ۡ
ϧԺûС£ֻз޺һ
ƽ鲻õʱʲô˳ۣ֪Ĳ֪࣬ǧĽңֻ˵Ьġ
Ǹ͵Ѿߡ
ƽһ飬һԼգնַۣѾڿﲻˡ
һܷ⣬ʱʲôġ
Է޲˵Ÿʲôûû֡ҩ
޿޿죬ͬĳ࣬ȴһûַƣܵС˶ίĲУƽ㽿ꡣ
δֳֺҩȥҩϣۿԼӣ׾ϴϱĥƤ쵽ǰ
΢΢šüַĶҩ˸ľǩͿ
˫ģδͿҩֲ֪أմȥһ
᲻᣿
ɤ΢۵۾ģڲ˵ص
޷ľǩ
Ϳҩᣬʲôƽ˵䣬ԼԼҩȻۡ
СԺסĵһգķһֱûвأʹް˵ģ÷޸һˮ
ĵһգһֱʹͿҩ˵ģҪ˶ϴˮ
ʱϴ겻СĻˮ
ƽˮմʪ治ǹģʱ֪Щ˼˿ȥ
ɤЩЩġ
û°ɡôŵ㣿
۽ϲˮ飬ϷС۵ī̧ۣǰꡣ

*
лҪ˵
ûд꣬


 148  ޵ռǱ
ƽ˫, ĪоЩˣԼ
˵ʮ仰, Էδػһ䣬ǱС»ҪľͷŶ, ı顣
СÿζȻظ
ƽԼ˴۽ŵеķޣûһûӰˡ
ڽмտɴ, ߻û, ⼸ڽת˸飬ЩǲǷǸƨһֱ겻ɢ
ôҲϲ, ׼ȷҵ
ҷ޻ÿҪȥ㱨ʲô
, Сȥ˺Ժ˻ء
ַһһ䡣
ƺ, Լӻˡ
ûΪ, ȴַܴˡ
СӰҪͳȥĵ͵ˡ
, Сȥһ˿ⷿ, ȥץһֻг
ﳤε, Сӱȥҽݡ
Сȥסͥ, Ǻ˾ơ
ַһ, Ⱥ¸ȾƶǺ, Сôܺȵùǡ
ûڣǰ沿ĳ죬Щȡ
ҡСȾƣǴģǵӶƭˡ
ַ⣺
ƽţ͵͵ڴ˸СȻʲôģƺжסˣҲ
춨״˺üˣȻʲô棬һҪǧ飬ôܳꡣ
Ӹ˷ޣ÷ް
ַ˻㱨Է޳Ĳ¸аһһ𡣡
ǰ·üַתȦȦ˵ֳһ·üֻǰתȦȦ
ɤŻ죬Ϣࡣ
ѾߣĲ¸ǻһ𰡣
һףЩֱιȥ
֪ԼӦʲôԼӳȥմţһϤƺ͵ڿٴϵĶء
ץøʻƽĵһ䲻ãдַɤ
ƽҹ
ɵӲŽȥƽ⼸췢ˣȥǰǧ黹ûдأŷ㶵ķ޾ܡ
ޣŸʲôء
ƽôᣬŷڸ˰ȦƻԼСԺȵСԺſڣͣʱŷַЩ
ǰһްƣƽķһŷ̵ˡ
㲻˰ɡ
ƽδ䣬΢Щϣʶסˣ˺ۣſԼԺе
ȻʲôһŷһϤĽ
ַء
͵͵ذŷϽȻ˷ɿˣַͷϣǽȥᰤᡣ
ƽŷȥ˷ƽסĵطԺӲԶסĵط࣬ſһۣʰķǳࡣ
ѷ޷ڴϣ޵ţƣΪҹĸ棬̫ˡ
ƽŽϣӻͳԼСˮմʪڷ޶ͷ
ԺηȵĲҩûȥãҲá
ȥԺʵģûʹˣñܿ
ǲõġƽСһ䣬޶ͷϵһСѾˣ÷ġ
һЩСЩڷ鷿ģȻԼһ£һѧᣬǰջڸ˵һСš
˵˹ǣǺܲĶҪá
ƽ̾һ·޵ҲûʲôӦű춼һ顣
ȥԺҩ㖹_ңǷˣ˵û
׼ջ֣ϵƺجɫ΢ףݿȥʮʹ࣬һʲô
Ȼһ룬㱻סˣֱ⧲ƽ˱ǰһۣ˷޺ʲô

ƽȥ޵ָϽɿҪȥԺﲻ
ƽûôһôҲ󶼱պˣСһߺһһֻֻקҪϡ
ιޣѡ
ϸ˭
ƽЩˣᣬС˳̵ľŲˣҲʵˡ
һҲ
ԼקҲߣɵ˿ɱҡ
ƽΣȷǲԸߣŷЩģӣɾһѽ֮⣬ʲôûˡ
յģûɶŶӽƺиСӡ
ޣִָ·ޣս޶ʵСС˱ܸܲҿ
۽΢˲ιȥˣôܻظ
㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭ
ƽһֻȥǸСӣŹӾСӣǮ򵽵֡
һȷʵǷ޵ּ޵дĺܺÿһҳһڡ
ԪʹĹš
󷭣ÿһҳһС֡
뽫
չ˴
õľӶǳ򵥣ƽЩɻ󣬴˭˵ɣ
չ˴
͵Եġ
ץУϲӡ
ϲվӡ
ϲᣬֿޣ
ƽдĶʲôϲᣬޱôģ
ûƽƨһôǩ
ƽЩһѷ޵Ķ䣬Ȼɿ޵СռǱ
չ˴ҹ߱ӡ
ϲ˯
ϲҴһ
߻Ứƭˡ
ϲòˡ
ƽˣһЩʲô߰ģռǱˣڷιȥˣҲûʡ
ռǱ͵͵ģˣ˵
СԭⲻķŻȥԺС̣˳ָ޵£ϷҲûѡ
ҹʱһ˲䣬ҪҪȥⰴ˵Ѿˣ֮һĿûߣֲڣַ϶Ҫ
밤ᡣ
ƽܿ˾޵պһ㲻ɡ
㲻׼⣬Ϊ״
ޣ
˾ԼһԵĹ﷭޵ۣѷ޵ڵϣڵϴպһ
޻յúۣòŲһ㣬ĳǣ֣оЩŤС»ûǣأַѾȥޣĳɷۡ
֪ηָʲô״÷ôò˯ϣƽ̾Լϵ
Сˣ⼸зһֱûлȥձҪʼȥӪʱ϶ûȥĶࡣ
ţ˯ˣԭ˯ϣҹ䣬ǳΨһԴ
ȻսţϤ÷㣬Щ㣬ϲ
ƽֱӱȥˡ
ԴһƬѣΣһֱ죬ó
ԭϢı㲻ã껹һֱһι䣬һſڶ߸˵ò׵ȵ˰

צһϣսţȻɿȥ˴档
֮˴
ޣ

*
лҪ˵
ûд꣬绹һҲûУΪҪͬѧȥ


 149  С
ƽôһ˯ˬ, ڶʱڵϣе£Լڴ, Ҳϸš
ȥ޵Ķͷһ, ǰһյظˡ
֪Щ飬ƽӴϣԼԺӣſڿһ, ȷַⲻ, ȥչ˷ޡ
ʵڲչ˵ϣֻҡ
ţƽְס, Լ﷭һЩҩݺ͵, һӹȥһ
ˣúչ
һҪȥӪ, ޲, ַһȥ˾Ӫ
ƽַͬһ첻ûͱ, Լ֪ôϵ, Ͽųڲ
ҵĺΪûһˣַȥĶ, ĵ֣۵
ƽҪԼ, ˵Ķʲôʲô
װ, ⻰ҪС˵, ƽֱۣˡ
ţ첻ȥΪչַָĵϵ˵㣬Ϊң
ƽ⻹ʣȻΪ˶⣬ʱ̷أǷܡ
ۣҷûء
ûлشַԹԵ˵˵һҹ
ô󽫾ЩʲôƽЩûô֣Ҫǰ֡
ת൱ĸҪ㸺𡣡
ƽԼĶ䣬оˡ
С»ȥӪ𣿡
ַ⣺
ǵȻˣƽûڣΪַⲻϲĽ䡣
ҲǲУҸҵһ˵ˣΪ׼ѵһУܹҾ
Ϊһŵƽ־Ǻܿ쵽˾ӪʱûȫӪŻ裬ʿǴףѾѵһˡ
ƽߣַģһڽǰԶĹƥӧǹл
Ǻúÿٷߡ
ģСӽǣһչ˺
ĵذԼĸƽһڽЩϰߣأһڽ΢ЦǴ˸к
һȺʿһֱַģôһЦһڽʿҲЩ˼
Сӣһеǲˣѵϸǲˮ
ƽͷһУЩʣȴһʼ
СӿȴӼ򵥵Ŀʼ
ƽҪսپڰ֮⣬ЩأŰģһڽʿڴĿ⣬һȥ
ݡһ졣
ʿǵżתһȦ
ƽЩΣҺûЦһԣԡ
ָЩӦûôѣŲԶİģǷԶҶζϸ΢
ԼʿĽŲͭȼյһ𣬷·֯һ
ƽ΢΢λãԶİģһֹһ̣ϸ׵ָ΢һɿ˳
ءһƿնȥֱֱشأᴩ֮İġ
ɫߣͦ޳ָɿһɲǣ΢䣬Щɱζ
Զһıᴩ˵ϡ
ãСӺģ
мַ⽫ķɡ
ƨʤ
һȺʿԱ߹ƣƽЩ˼̫أѳԼԿǡ
ǹ𣿡
ͷ䡢ӧǹгޣƽһ飬ȫˡ
һƬԭ²ֱʿ㱨˵½ղˡ
ƽ˶ʱˣһڽʿڴؿƬ쳣 Ƭˡ
Сӣһˡ
ƽ΢΢ЩˣˣƬ˵ϣĲɵò
ˣ
С˪ӣƺ˻㱨С²Ȼˡ
Ҫ
ƽԭΪ˼Ľ䣬Ľ䲻ڣȤȫޣ˲ڣѲɲԼȥң
˵붫ԶƽŸȥ״Ŀյȥ˾Ӫץ˸·Сʱ
ⶼţƽƵ˺ԺĽ鷿鷿ĵţһСʯӹȥ
Ȼ˴Ѵ򿪣̱֮ҪѴϡ
꣬ȵȡ
ôһûһᴰֱˣƽһϤ
껹ֹ˵ֻһֻСȸ
ƽĽԭЩ֪룬ֱС³֣ɵɵرСǣŽ˵
ȥ֮ȥˣЩ̿ѬȼţĽһЩϡ
ǴӾӪǱ߹ģ
ƽšһĽǣţЩ˼ָ⴫¶ȣС䣬ָȴȡ
ŵ»ȥӪҲŹȥģȥ֪֮½ղȥҾ͹ˡ
ĽһֱǣҲδɿͣ⼸ȥˣǰϱ㲻ٳ
ƽɻã
û£Ľ΢ǣʵǹӦ㣬ӪΪ˼ң
ƽָⱻסʱĽЩȣͷҲҡͷҲǣǶ˵
ȻΪ˼Сµġ
ҷŲǶ˵ˣ»Ҫʣƽоָⱻסĵطڷ̣ԼҲ̣һĽ߾Щܲˡ
˵һ顣
ɤ࣬ƽǼǰ÷㣬ϲζҲϲС£ϲÿʱÿ̶С´һ
£Ȼ͹ˡ
ƽײĽ۵ףҲЩȣϵâƺŨӿ˳
װ˯Ľʣָ⻹᲻صһĶ⡣
ƽǹһ㣬ʲô˼ǲڵʲô˼أ
֧֧˵ɤǷ˺Ϳ
ΪǷ˺ͿĽ俴䵭ȥӳЩͣ΢˼֣֪
ƽһӦٶۣҲûзӦȵ͵ʱź֪Ӧͨ죬Ľ˵ʲôڶԶΣֻʣһͷ
ģˡ
ƽǳһ̯֭մĽϻű㱧˲ԸɿŲ輸ָ⻷Ľ䣬۵ֻʣǰˣ
֪Ԫڡһʱҡ
ͳɤڶߣǵԼôȥģһ··ЩƮֱӻ˽ӶĽ䡣
ڶһ磬ȥʱӺŻȥģ͵͵ؽ˸ŤͷϷһ
һ
ɫȥöˣĿ΢˶٣ɫջߡ
Ƿģ
ƽߵʱû˵һȥһˣƨɺСĬظ
δ˵Ҳµ
ƽһֱʲôÿģ֪֪ܿˡ
ΪҪȥַ⣬Ĵֽ챻ٹˣڳɹٳһ
ķ޺ַ⣬ַʻڸ״
͵͵ţǳС
Ȼ˷޽յĻ㱨ɤһ˿顣
Сӽɫ죬鸡Ƴǲ
ǲȻʲôõĴʻ㡣
ƽЩһѪ³ޣô˵ָ΢ʹֽƣдϸ΢Ķ
дַɤ
ˣץ
ƽַͺŷ޵ĻϾ޿ȿɿƽȾܣϧܲеץ
ƽһߵķޣ޿һۣѹ
ģģ·ʶ
ޣں˵ʲô
죬ַ죬ϲ϶ӡӣⶼѣɤ΢ɭ԰㣬ëû룬ھѧȥǲ
ѵȫķϣҲ㣬ƽûüˣַһ䣬ˣϳʡ
ƽ˶ʮӣϾҴ̫أĳ˵ĹǺ
ַ⣬ΪʲôңҪ
ޣ״Ҳˣ
ٸ˵һ仰ҡ±ӱɡֻԺȵĲݰ
ַһ»㱨ſڳϣȰȰȸͣȥͦһ߿һ
ӴûˣַҪˣûôģЩͷۣȥ֮ڲ׼̤Ű벽
ƽˣƨɺۣۿţŷ޹Ϸ޵۵ףί÷ûһ£Լ˴ˡ
ҽһôһյ޸ֱӽᱧ
ǵַһ档
ƽԼҪˡ
Լߡ
Ŀŷ
ûֻ΢ɨһۣڻڣ׵رܰסҶ
ʲôʱȥǲˣ㺦Ұӡ
Ҳ֪˵ֻ״㡣
ͷʲô˵óˣŷըë
ˣ޳Ĭһᣬ΢΢´Ű

*
лҪ˵
ûд꣬


 150  а
޵Ŀλ, ½мصǺۣǿܹס΢΢ܿ
˼Զ, ƽֱٿĪ磬, ϢЩҲء
˵˰죬Էһ仰ûлƽҲûٸ˵
һ·صСԺ, ƽ, ֻſڴϣŷæµҩûõġ
輸ҲŲԱ, зǳ, ƽۣﻹҩľǩҪҩ
ƽʱ, ͷŲŲ
ҩ, һԼϣҡ
, 齱վһ, һҲû
һſ˿ڣԼ
ҲԽб, ƽñŤ÷ް, οİΪް, ڻء
Ϣ, ҩľǩˡ
ûһ˾Ͳڵȥˡ
ƽ췭ֻۣſţûҶԼȷʵ˴Ҳַ⴫
ַ⣬æûУæҩ
ôһ䴫ȥַ⵱һ˴һֻСȸ׾طɵַϣЩֱ׳ɤ
ǰڸ嶼ʧȥټǻɺͲ֮ǰԤйء֪֣嶼ǰ
ֹͣ˻㱨صɤ
ַ⣬˼ǵûظ
ڸʲôôҡ
ǲǲ׼롣
ַ˺üֻСȸоЩͷֱۣǱߵ޷졣
˰Ҳʵ
ǰȥ̽һ֪֪ʲôԼע׼ҵĶ򡣡
λӦһǡ֪ǻ㱨ȫڵʧ
ƽͷſֻСƨɣСĽƨɻúõģðӡ
С˵ʲôأ౾ౣʲôҲ֪
Ŵ򿪣ƽ˳ſȥַ⻻˳ɫȥЩꡣ
˺ܿ쵽˴齱ߣַԱΪҪҹæҪҩ
ͷСӳˣ
Ųᳳܣƺ«һƽ䣬˵˵ʲôʲô
ַ΢üƿ˱죬һˣһҩľǩ˵Ҳû㲻ȥŸǲˡ
ҲûУƽЩˣԭʲô֪˵С»ȥӦ˻ҼȥҲûʲô
쵹ǻ˵ַҲôҩƽЩ¶ģЩ׾ֲ֪ء
ܿﴫ˲ҽ
һʱ䣬ֱַˡ
ַǺߵģ껹ڵ¾ǵѲӦð˽ӻġ
󽫾ƶӣַⱻϳƲŵķޡ
ȥ
ַˣûոС棬ȥ
ƽڴſţۿЩ죬ԭ˲ôۣڷǳۣͲӦ÷
˾ſ˯ˣ˯֮󣬵вŴŽ
޵˴ߣǳĵظҩĿϣ΢ͣ١
ָĦ΢ʹϱһӡ
ջ֣Ѳ輸ߵĵʰˣҲе룬ȻԱš
겻һʱʼҶһͻ˿ڣһ˵Ằۡ
һ㣬ְ˷ԭơ
ſŵģȻ߱ӣְѱӺϽѱûߡ
˯಻ôãͷԴת˸򣬲ͷ˯
ûһᣬԼת˻ȥ
ޣ
һʱ䣬ƽĿ죬ڶվֿʼʹˣܶʹްǸ
޼ӦˣȻһ£ƺøЩ
ϴΪȾûȥɣܳȥǲƺ˴̼֮ҲȾƣÿ컹˯𣬼Ϣһ¡
ͺˣǵʱһᣬ֮ȥӪҪţǴ粽룬Ҫ͵ȥҲ϶ȥé޶š
ƽڿСеϢܿ쵽Ԫһ죬ԪϲſʼһҪ취˦ޡ
ΪƽҪһƣҪҵľƣ֤һ͵
ƽϴε鷢СƺܡֻҩۣҩۻˮմӾӪͺ˷޹
ϰڵһȺĵģԼģһ߰ŤСӡСӶŴ׺ͺ춹ɵģ
СҽˣĽúܲƽûһѵĳǱơ
ûпս̽ҽҲѧ
޿еĵģ΢סѧ
Ҿ˵˵Һܿģµһٸѧ
ƽߴٵĵģҪҪ
ûϾҹ׼һȥڷ
֪СûôϵƽҲȷʵûڵҩԼһһڣȻʣµĵݵ˷޴ߡ
Сֲ㣬ܳ˰ɣ쳢
ָӨ󣬵ıҧһڣʣߣǼǰϢ۵״ڴ΢Ļε˵
޷·𱻹ƻûзӦͽָ⡣
ЩҪ꣬ҰƽʣµĶǳһڸޣˮѾˣֻ
޶ӳһ㱡죬¶Էҭţķ޵ı
С㣬ҭˡ
˵ʱСʱǷޡ
ȷʵЩܲˣǰ·꣬߹ƻʣĵĳ꣬ɤЩɣһߵĲˮһ
顱һӳһ㳱죬˹ȥ
ޣҶԲס㣬ҪȥС£ͲҪƨˣúϢ
ƽ˼Լ۸ţڷ޶ߵһóԵĺġ
ҹɫԪڣзǳ֣ƹأͩϹƣ
ƽ߳ȥ֪ҪȥС£һܹģԼȺ˶ܶࡣ
ڿпĺֻǽպǺɫģָ⣬ָǰ
һЩ·˱̲ţ߻а˴ƻͨڳＷ
㣬һܾͿˣҪͭҵʱ䡣
ɫɽȥҲ̤ȥСΪλ
ʱҲ֪Լϴ˺̲ϵ糵תҲˡƽ̤ʯ̨мĸ֡
Ͷ
ʯ̨Ͽɫ̵ѪɫΧңڣȺͼѰСµӰ
ûҵСµӰײһмʯ̨˳ʱע⵽Ӱһɫ
ʱ򿪣Ӱ
Ǵˣλض֪ȥȻ֮ˣҲֻܵūǧûǵ֮ء
յֻͭһ˭Уū˭
ײһ𷢳Ƶ죬ǾӰ΢΢űεܿ챻˴мʯ̨ӳǰ
һꡣõı޺˺۽ʱڵϽһƬѪòӦòֻϧʱİ̺ۻĺòĨ죬ϵս˹ڵһϢ
ģӦʮͣƽʱ΢ʮ꣬ʲô֮£
ͭһ̣˶·֮
ƽԼãͭ׼ȷʱεĺ˳ȫ·һֻԨеĶڴʱ
Ⱥˮһ˿̨ϴ̧ͷԶꡣ
׵ߣ°׽Ƴۣµ˫۳ξ͸ɾǷǰµľˮ룬·뷲С
˵ĿⶼϣƽЩţָⷽͭ΢ݳȥһ㣬ߵĻûгڣŰպԶʯ̨ߡ
һ˫ŨԨ۾ʱܰС
ӦеŸոտʼȴ·Ѿ˾ͷ
ɫ߻ƣβѾ׼˵һ֣˾綾β̹ᴩĺ

*
лҪ˵
ûд꣬ϼ


 151  ˽С»
ƽ˫, Щģǳˮһһػ۵ߡ
ôС, ȥ᲻ᱻ
ȥôŪ˵Ѿ滵ġ
Ӧòϧˡ
ƽָͭ, Ⱥ۵һᣬ̨ϵ걻ק̨ײһ𶣶걻ǰ
˿, ϵ˺۸, ۾һ˫ǳÿ۾һĶΣŶһͬε
չ, ūҪڵϸõͭҵ˿ͷ, մأԱߵ˴㰴ͷͷ
ţƽŵŨصѪζ, սͭ, ı⣬΢
عҡƽһԵ, ͭ, ǲܴߣ
̣Ȼ˴ƽ, ˰֮㲻ǹˡ
޵ѣƽ, ̰ӽ, ײһ𷢳Ƶ, ǣ˳ӡ
ˣһֹūףһ磬ǱģٳȥʱľһǽһӲǽڡ
ȥСҲƽƽ׶˸ūǴūȥ϶Ҫ
Ƕ²ܣЩ˵ĻڶߣСūǱĥǶ
ҪСأҲҪˡ
ƽǰСֹǣ֪ذףذϢĲ
ûвԼԼӣǴ˲ƱǴӸӮġ
ʲô֣ƽ˿ڡ
ʱʶСūһûиߵߵһЩӦԷٶȡ
ƽȥʱѾذףһƬŨδش⡣
û֣ǲ˵ƽ֪һ֣ȸҴȥȫĵط
ūʵ̫ߣƽע⵽һֱڸǴСū⡣
ǣˣתǴʱ΢һᣬӹʱһߵˡ
ƽʱѾӽͭҾԿףʷǳ⣬ܹѹ
ͭҷŽȥԶ⿪ƽһ󴦵˿ھЩģ׹ǣԼϡ
뱻ץȥ󣬲Ҫܡ
ǺУ޿ǱƵķݣﲻôģֽСū䣬Сūֻ΢΢˶ϡ˹ͷת
ڽ·˳ҩͳԵĺȵģȥһٵĿջ
һ·Сūڸţһһ߶
ôܸоֵֹģǲǻ˸ǡ
ƽĪһΣУΪڸǣ֪ߵСūѾٴνذ׶׼
ûע⵽Сūذףע⵽СūЩܺ죬ͦ죬ڳһַֻСūͷϡ
һ̡
ˣƽˣôȻߵĶ·
ȵĲҩһջУƽסСūϵʱ򣬶ԷƤЩս
ƽС֮ǰûٰӦ䡣
ҽˣƽƤֱ飬ԼǼ˸鷳Ĭһʤ߼
˵ƽ϶ҲûʲôҵַɱҪնаػաػǧһУѾѪд
͵Ϊˡ
ӿջһ¥¥һᣬƽѾСū˴¼һ飬ֻҪд
Ͼ߹Ŷ˺ü
־ѾѾȫʱÿһ˵ǳѣġ̫ѾŲסˡ
ֹսеذףڶ¥תʱҪͳذף΢ٻЩ
ƽСūߵԽԽСֻ°ôߣݰͰ͵ģʣµһ·ֱӿߡ
⧲˿ڣɤӿѪذס顱һڵϡ
һСüһӰָ΢΢߬ûӦˣֹһ䡰鷳ذ׼
ڣ
Ұ˴Ҳƽʵżûʱ䣬ȥС£ҷǱˣС϶ץ
Һæֻ˳㣬㲻ظлңһ˴Ҿ뿪˺֮ǰһÿ㣬˺֮Ǿûϵˡ
ūݡ㲻˵Ҳ˵Ҳ֪
ƽ˵ô࣬СūذǸưͣ˵ûƨá
˾գգۡ
Сū˫ÿ۾һͬī۽Сӣûգۡ
ƽ࿴ۣ֪ǲǴСūϻǵ̣񵶰ƺ˼¶Щʵ
ò׵˿ջƽ˷ﲼ˼磬ĶҲûлͷ·ˣҰ㿴ˡ
ƽתͷʱСūε·ˣ¶ǾЩε塣
ôηžǰӦܹ˵Űϡϣмϣж
ĺɫģԶԶȥֻ۾
ƽ۾ҪˣЩϵ˿ڣЩĿģ΢ֱ
ϲûôֳƽС£Сã˼С´ĻҪ۹⿴СҲܡ
˼˿ڣСūصʱڽѪ˿ڿȴûôأҩʱСūһֱڶ
ԭףǰƺһ㶼⣬ܿԼ˿ڵٶȡ
ò׿˿ڰˣƽͻȻһɴѪ΢סˣɴһŵɴѪ
ζҪһҩٰһΡ
ƽαװԼֵ̫ԣмֵģ֮⻹ż
ƫƫЩǺһֿ֮ʼѿ˲ʱ
׼дʱԼֺˡ
ƽ˺ôһӵСҪһ࣬СūͷˣԲ˶ֻܳһЩȵࡣ
Сūڴϣ˸Ǻ˱ӣһǲԺСм¡
ƽ˶٣Լó˼ŴмٸҴ
˵˱ȥˣߵʱԷĿϣ˿ջڿջֲ˼硣
֮ԭڴϵϵԷɿٶϣϵĵȥ¶ʾµüۺƤ
Ҳڲϵİθߣ޳ͦΣֻǴʱЩ̬Ĳ԰ס
ڷʧ˲Զꡣ
ֵ֣ƽȺ֮Уڿп糵ӦģΪܿڲԶϤӰ
ԭΪǼˣԶźãճЩαװɳڣһ۱ϳС¡
񻽵ӦǲʵģӦʲôԺʦּҪѿڶ
ĽʱĽҲ΢΢䵭۵ڴʱָ⡣
С
ƽǰֻʣС£ָ㳯˹ȥ˽մ÷Ļ
¡

*
лҪ˵
ûд꣬


 152  
ƽĽ仳, һĽ䣬˾ͻ̣Χĵƻ, ҲСôôϲ
ʲôʱģ
˹ʱĽѾס, ʱҲڰЩݵζһˡ
ҷµˣϴ˵µĺ, ƽЩ, ࿴ۣ´βϴˡ
ȥһߣֻСū, ٺòŹҵĵ¡
ƽ, 㱧һΧţϳ, Ҳ±֡
ū
Ľǣ, Ӧһ˷, ˵Сū, ȥģҰڿջˡ
ַ, պҪȥĽ˼ڶĿʱȥԼɫ
֪, ƽ˿˿, Сڵ, ĽǣǰȺײײظĽ
Ҫȥģ
Ľȴûлش⣬ֻĦָ⣬ŰζǴȺ̲߱£Զһ޴
ҹߵĳˮǳǳʯ̨£Ľīɫ
ŹյԪڵʣ
װķǳ£̲ϣƽڴϣԭЩӦЩȣקĽ俰סΣزӦ
ֻмյƣسźʻβεһȦȦزơƽű̲ǰԶȥߵȺҲһԶˡ
Ҳ֪ƽſ˱ߣϲĽЩûĶ΢ˣǴϵģ֪յϰס
Ľ΢ҹʦΪݹ񲢲ϣ˵ˣ
Ŀһ˲΢ްܿȻǰ꣬ɤһͬɢʡ
ԪзŻϰףڹʱϵһŮӶ飬Ů˫ĿãɻƣֻΪܹŮһƬǰ·
Ľ٣ǽֲ񻰹£ɤЩӲأ˵ʲôԷǺܺ档
㿴רע
ƽʵΪ񻰹´򶯣Ľ佲ܸȤ֪ľͷ˵ЩʲôûбˣӾʹһЩĽţġ
Ȼأƽ۵״ЩЦ⣬¸ҽʲôҪѧΪ𣿻Ƿơ
ƽʢ۵ףǻһ̯ŨīĽ׵ӳӰָգɤЩ
㲻ʹҡǲǺŪ㡣
ƽǼǰĽϵϢ˱סһ̱죬оĽȵĴĶ⣬Щϲ
ɤͳ档
չ㣬δŪ㡭һۣҾ֪ҵġ
ƽⷬĵСЩδ϶
˵Ҳǿһ۾ͷǳϲС¾ˡ
ϲڹһԷĵףеҪҵˡ
괽һ̣۽ӳһ貵Ĺ޴ڿȼ̽ҹһ𣬸ֳ۵Ĺ⾰
ߵĺӰһյյڴʱţǧʢӳĳˮҲµı̲뺮¡
ƽʱΪҪʣѤõľɫ֪С׼˶ãĵ˿˿ƵĲ
Ǵ¶ȣָ΢ϣĶ⣬Ȼڷ̡
óǰҲ˽ʣ
ʵĿɲֹǵʣĽ佫ڻü΢ţ۶ǻϲƬ̵һֻС󽲹
СʲôƽûôˣǰĿѹŵռĻϲһһҲͻܿ챻ѹ׵˵
ɫ׷ű߱ûٸȥģԷȥвš
Ҳ˷ŵӦȷʵǺ׼ˡ
üŨŽϵƿ˺һᣬδƣڽߴĺˮˮ裬Щɫķ·Ҳӿ
Լƿջ֣ԭʧ
ƽһҹŻȥǱ޴ȥģʱϣСѾȥˡ
Сһûҵǲȥˡ
ƽƣС¸Ķû޴ʱڷ󣬻Щ顣
ϲø࣬һ۶ӣȲϼ˵ĻϲܸܵСҲϲġ
ǰķ޻ɢűϢСС˵ãƽŻƸں档
СҾͳŸƣǰ㡣
㿴ҸĻƣƿϣС쿪ģ˶˶ǰġ
ƽȥ˶ø޿㿴㣬ǰģһģһ
ص˸ۡûлظƺڹ¡
Ϣߵ·ܲƤһе˶Ƴһջߡ
Ҳ˵
ƽһֱΪˮҩ£֪ԭ򣬲ǿˣСӲʲô¶Լš
ܵȵڣǰź«⿪
ŤӣԺ˭ϲСеĥ
⻰ƽֻ˵ȥ˰ѶޣûкתԼȥ˯ˡ
ڶ첻ȥӪˣƽ֪ԼСҲ⣬ֱӱˣ˸ȥСū
֮ǰۣ֪ȥæʲôˡ
ϣ˵ǱߵȫˡƽǱһЩ׮⣬Ǳ˭ϾˡķǳΣûˣһڶûʣ¡
ƽŲɣҿߵ磬ȻСūҲҪꡣ
·һЩҩͳԵĶ˸СҲûˣ˼Ȧ˦ˣ˿ջ
ƿϤķţ˻úõڴţƽ΢ġ
ڷ￴һ飬ûʲôۼڷһ졣
˻۲ۣƽˣϵСūۣСūδش⣬ԹԵظ˼˿ڡ
ѾǰһԺһЩƽСūĶͷͷǺ̡
Ե㶫ƽע⵽ǰһֺûȥСūָָϿϸСķϺۼ
ǰһδע⵽ղſָжֱȥѵþȻܽϡ
֣
ƽȥһ£ﾪȣѾȥСǰʲô
Щݣƽ΢ֱ˹źˡ
Сūһֱ˫Ư۾ƺЩ棬֪ںʲô
ֻι죬ֺԼԷ˺ˣҾͲٹˡ
֪СūԼ
ƽ࣬ݵСūߣСūֳ󣬲ûкȡ
ѾˣƽһᣬʲôСӷĺǿСū波һڡ
Сūԥ˺һᣬſˡ
ͷˣ汻õӸǷˣƽǰһҲСūҩûпͷ֪ͷôˡ
δй̫ӴӴ˲ҪҪĥҲû˶ùЩԼѪ⹩Ҫõıӻ
ûкȹ˵ϵһࡣ
ǵһΣʹݼѪζһ࣬ͷԼϵģԹѪݼһζ
ǻм˵ӡ
Сֻ˺û˻Ե޹ʵĶá
УһǴ
Ե޹ʾˣΪԼҲǹԼ
˼һɱˣͷͻȻԱߵ꾪һ
˶꣬ƽǸĹԼʲôֻСū˸
ƽСū˿һֻӣõǰ
ͷûϴˣˡ
ųӸдЩ棬
Сûй߳ĵƽһЩѣüûзӦ˳žһĶ䡣
ڵᣬӵаҲʮߵꡣʱԼҲȫڣвȱӳٶۣƽһα˲ü˵ͷгӣ֮⣬һЩ
ָĶ䣬ɤ죬ˣǲ˼˵仰һΪѵذϴͷ
ваСū

*
лҪ˵
ࣺۣг
ڣҪ̫


 153  ˹
̴, յ¯̺̿¶ȣůڵġ÷ӣȥժ԰ĺ÷
ϵźصĺ, ߲԰ףü΢΢, ߺ÷ţ˱Ⱥ÷ޡ
ƽ䵭ݣڵ, 㱨ɤԵ͡
СӽδȥӪ, ȥһ˿ջƺȥˣҵĺҲڸš
յֽѾȥ, δ, £δڹշǳڹǺ׼ҡ
ʮǰ, ׼ҳһλа, Ǻݳªȫа䡣а, ؽ, ׼ҽӽǧϻᣬǺӱ̡֮
Ѿʮǰ, һģһ£뷨ͬ
а, ǧػٴһȷѪꡣ
Ľ, ָ鰸, Ԫڸ˵ĻԸȥūݣ
ǱӦһǡԭʧ
һֱԱţ÷һشؿޣӦҪѩˡ
ֹ¼ȻΪβ취ڹ
ϲǵ£С±߲·ˣҪ£ѡ
Զڶһֻڵµ֮룬Ҳ
鰸ϣŵһ򵥵̣Ľָ棬δ
Ѿ˴𰸣ûʡʱ޶࣬ǽڶᵢ
еӦڣӦ֮¥
ջ
ƽСū˵Сūѹƨûһץ˺üСūذг롣
϶ǳӵʬ壬ƽѾҵСˮڴ߿һۣСҹˣڿջء
ôҵģƽֹһ䣬ץץú˳֣Сūߣǲǻ˵ⲻ˵
Сūذס顱ؽӷʬĶСƺλش⡣

ˮûһˣС͵ĻʭĲҩûǮƺصȥҵġ
ƽЩ˼¥ʱֻһʣû뵽˼һĵˣСлСǮСûա
ʭĲҩˮ͑i裬ûҲϴɾ
СūڳһԴûСūڲʲôС˼ˮã¶ȺʣСѿŵϡ
áˣһͷֱӼˡ
ƽߣʦ֡û˵һ˲ʧü΢ţһüëϵĶѿȫսذס
ЩϴͷҾͻȥԺ󶼲ˡ
Сѿڣһۣ˸ѹ⡣
ƽС˶ѪȻʵͻдһҲһͲӦö¾ˡ
ô룬ｽˮСѿͷϣ˵ҿд˶Էһм㣬ţôͲһˡ
ָ΢˶Լķ˿Ļûг
߶߶һᳶһᳶǸͦᣬϴˮŲһߣʭĲҩûһˮƮѺͳӵʬ塣
ƽԼγӣСѿϴͷʱԷԵԭģӦò֪İ̺ܲܺá
´ιһߣС˹֣ܼˡ
ƽСѿϴͷ˳ˮ֣˿شϣСӹֵᣬᣬģһܿ
˵꣬Ķѿƺͱࡣ
Сѿͷð飬ЩŲסˣôŰ˿˴ϡ
ƽûڿջãСѿҲ˵һֱģܿˡ
ߵʱСѿקһŤͷСѿջ֡
ûпĵطһɫ½ĺ󱳣һɫơ
ҲаĽбǡ
ƽȰСѿҲû˵Сѿ󣬰رСѿɲӼһ˫ۿ
һ·˿ջķ޻ڵƳһ۶¥ķ˼Զ
˳־µˣ´Ҵ㿴
ƽֻôһ䣬͵㲻Ըȥˣקŷ˽ҪȥҲûš
浽ҹŻȥ
ƽƽ˯磬ȥ˶ķӮ˲ǮǷޱȥġ
һշⲻڸǵһ򱻷գƽſڷޱϻ˯ҹ˵һʲô
û壬ܵӦһȻͷ˯ˡ
˯õ㣬ȥַڵǣֱˣǷ
һ𷣣ƽòУԺоԼŻȥ޸ǵıӣ￴һ޴ơ
ӴƽʼͷܣȥӪҪ˳ȥһ˶Сѩͣһ죬³ŵӸ٣ǱѩĶ
ʱ͵ȥСūСūҲ÷޼ˣ޲Сūȥڶα㲻ˣÿڿջš
Сū˺ȫһ£ߵʱδһһƽ֪Сūʶ֣Լֶд
ֻһѰѩ죬ͬһ˵ȥջѩܶˣγһƬʵİ
ƽһºСūദСūҪС࣬һͣȴûЩϵϢһ̶ƽˮһжȤ
⼸պò׺ЩˣСūϲǣ㳣ǹȥÿСūҪ岿ֶͬ
ǱڷĥԼһֱŵǰذĥСūļֱõ˸о¡
ǰһδҪǣƽƿţﾲĵģ˲ˣֻʣһƴɵΣЩ죬һС
Сūˣһ˹Ǹ
˹ǻǰġ
ƽʲô˼кް˹̧ȥ޿˹ǻɢϢ
顱һƴõ˹Ǳһ˸ϡá
ƽСƢ
׮ѪδϹϵδайأˣ֮䣬նʹΪףǧŰټҰеаһ
ƽڽ꣬ʱ䲻ָ䣬仯ֻ࣬һЩǷ޸ϴ˲١
أģʣȥԽԽԶ꣬ˡ
Сµĵδַ֪һֻ۱һֻۣɼɹ
ƽʰ˶һѩһǧѡǰɽǷģҪȥޱ
ȥӦҲδһ𣬡ƽҪȥһ˶ɷѾ֪ʲôǲ
ԭ͵ʱץ֪Ƕ֮Σ֮û
ƽѾϰ˷ź֪ʲôʱ𣬷ӰΣͷźȻԸ⡣
½ϵƽָƤ˵ԼģŽ²ĻʮѵãǼҲš
ȥɽӦᱻȥ
ʱҪֿˣƽЩϧЩ᲻÷Ѿͷ
ָ΢ס۵׳ϵķâڶʱȫɤܳȥ
ΪʲôȥҲΪУƽ÷ЩԶЩϴΰҹͷͰһ
㣬Ӧúúץס
ƽ˵ͷͷǵԼС˼ԽԽãȥɽҪ취С¡
ΣգǷ֪һ
ճҪȥһˣһʱ
ƽ֪ÿγţ޶һֱţȵȥ¡
֮󣬷һѩվţֱӰȫҹĻʧ
ѩҹֻǰƺ֪ҪߣĽһֱڵѾڣ֮꣬ĵ׻çײҪ˽˻
ƽδһ£Ľ۵ףƺѾ֪Ҫ˵ʲôĽǣ˵
ʱ
һ᳣¡ƽһ˾᲻ˣĽָ⣬ָһǲ졣
ţͬһͬȥɽҲȫʡĽָĦĲ䵭ɤġ
˵ǷޣƽЩ⣬֮ǰĽһͷȥӪЩˣΪε»ϾʱֻǴߣʲôû
Ը˳Ľ䣬ĽЩڣסĽָ⣬ɤЩ͡
Ҫȥ£Һһ𣬺ο۶ʲôϵֻϲ¡
ұҪˣ»˵ңһЩһÿոдţѧǧﴫÿնҪ߶ŵ£ʱ²Ҫҷǡ
ƽ˵һѣĽĿ⣬ĽָĦĴǣɤͳȻձˣ
һչѩƽҹ粻塣һҹδߣסĵһҹͷ.ˣ˿մʪմ÷㡣
۵״ųʪģʶЩ壬Ľ䵭ͳɤ
Щù֪˵ѡ»ὫڶӦ֪ʱһʲô
ƽԼղ˵ʲôֻĽشʶʱʲôشֻĽܹŹ
Ľ￴һƬ̱ƫִ뿪ĽǲԸģԸȥĵط
ƽӦһۿģ˵ԼȥΪС£ֻܹƽ˳Ļš
ѩһҹһҹδơ
ѩһҹ


 154  £ҡ
ǲ, ȥɽҲ˷ѣҪȥʲô֡һ磬ַ, Ķַʰġ
ô˵ַȴû, ûзߣԼͳķˡ
ƽǰС£ڲϿյ, ķ, СҸǲãǲǡ
ķ, ϸ΢, 
ַЦһͬʲô£ɽõõһѩʥ, ѩʥȥ
˵ȻС¡
ƽԼС˼, ϵѩʥǸıõ, ־ȲС¡
СҪķ, ַ⡣
ƶһ, ɨ󴦵Ǻۣ, ǿһʶ
ȥĻҵĵ, ׼ҡĪ, Ƽҡȥ˲Ǻúദ۸˻ȥǣҪί
ƽô΢һ£ҿûСȻ϶ý̳Сħͷ
֪ˣһҵң˵Ϊء
ƽһ䣬뵽ʲôӻ﷭СϴκСȥģһһսС¡
ߵļ˸Ľ䣬㲻ҪΪС£ƽնаҲҪУҪˣҲˡ
ٺȾƣٸһȺ¹죬ǱﶼӪϴˡ
ԭɻ죬ʱΧһȺ
ַü΢ɨһۣһȺų۵缦ȫӦַĿ⡣
ҺܿͻģһҪõһƽߵʱһַ⣬ַⱧСһܹ׵ذȻƽһ䣬ĲҸѡĽ
ǧʮѣΪ׵аˮԭһֱ޾֪䡣
ƽҡҡͷأҶЩûио
ڤڤ֮иоĽڵ
·϶Щۡ
ƽӦһţƵǰʻƽһ
Сһ·˳磡
ȥ˼ǵñסˣź׼ҵĹҲȥ
С·עⰲȫСܡ
һȥк׼ҵĳӣǳţòҲһһò
ƽֻûϣȥҪµġ
ǳ𽥵ԶȥԶ»Ƶ𽥵ؿˣƽԶʣջߡ
£ҡ
ɽ·;ңԶƽ·϶ͬУأʲôģгȫźˡ
һ·ռ伮ɽ֮⣬ǧĴ
֮ǰȥһ˽ȣνȣ֮أĽгǧɣкл
ǹΪģûн彣Ǽﴫһڣ͸糵Ľ䡣
ԽĽʵûʲôȤӲҪѡһѣȥʱѽǰɫĶС
ӲҪѡһѣԶڴĥһͨڵĽպ촸ȥֺûۣƽһҽС
أΪʲôҪôңɶ񡣡
ƽ۵ĿǿȣۺأȾҡ
һǰͨڵĽҲ֪ˮͨͯԻˣϲѪ
ƽһߵķޣ֪ˮʲôڵСǰѽ˵
˵ʲô
ƽ˵˵Ҿ
ͨŻῪڣҪ
ƽҡҡͷ·ˮˮԱѡһƽƽ˵࣬ˡ
ˮ
ѡ˽ȥƽߵʱǰѽţԼĶ䣬г̸һ£Ҫȥɽ
Ҫ뽣£Ҫֿġ
ʹ󲿷ֵһɽΪǰֺ顣ƽƣһ֣ƽԹա
Ա߱һ֡
ݺ׼ҡڡ
ֵǵһμƽ࿴һۣʱЩ˵ĻôɣֵǺ׼ҵ֮ӣ
ֻһ˲ܿʰԼĶȥ˼ǧﴫַΪ׼ʯ٣Ǵ󲿷ֶˡ
޲һǮҲûж٣˼ǧﴫʣµĶźףź׿Դţٶûǧﴫ죬Ҳܷ㡣
ָʾȥԼԺӣԺӶһס һ·ӣӸģͨҪӳ࣬òʲô
ƽԼҵСԺȥ֮ȰѶʰˣһҪȥҷޣհѶ£ǰˣȡ֮һͨڵĽ
ȥ΢Щ죬ƽ΢΢šüдЩָһͨڵĽ
΢΢˶һӡ
ƽϳˣǰѸ˵Ľ
ҵĽأƽûҵ齣ڿʲô˳ۡ
ҳˣˮ̵˵ҿ˳ۣ͸ŹˣҺϲϢ
ˣƽˮ»˻Σͼѡǰγûγˮǿˣ֨ҽС
ƽúóְѽˣˮԭתȦȦһתһ¡
ʲôԸ㻹⣬֪˭𣿡
˭˵ˮƽˮ壬ÿһѻῪڵĽ˵Լˮ
ˮɶðƻ
Ҹ㲻ڵģСһҲʶ
ˮ£ƽյ˷޵Ĵһֻۣһ䣬Ŵ˯һӡ
òҪҶ֪飬ȥء
ˮ̱ˣΪаͽ飬аһңͲʲôýҲŪԼܡ
ƽ˵Ͱˣȥޣˮһˣ÷޿
ɽĵһշǳæµƽȥ˷ޣѽø޿һ·ۡ
ǽңǧֱܳѡУǶѾ顣
ƽǷѡģһֱߣΪ׿ǳͣ˲˿ĿʮԣߺŽġ
߷ĺţѾʮ汾˵С
˭һ飿
ڡƽֱַ鷢ϸ΢ı仯ʵôˣ
Ǻ׼ҵˣ΢΢šüԶһЩ
ƽЩЦ⣬ôҲЩţ
׼ǧ֮ף֮һֱȨأֱǼҳһλаԼĺӽϻᴦãһֱ顣
аѾãûֻ֪֣֪òªʱĸѪУ׼λӼֱر
λ£ʹˣº׼ұ飬ҲڲסڵĹâٳ׼εţΪһȺǧ롣
׼н飬ҼλӣԭڣֱǰԸ䣬ԼԼڡ
ƽ΢Ը䡭ʲô˼
ǰҲʹˣụ̂һ䡣
˵Уһ֮£˵Щ̡
ǳϻЩϺϲϲѪɱ֮С
֮ԶЩκβԾ̸Ҵɤָķ˿ϣܿջ֡
ѽ䣬˺㣬ҵϲĽ֮ǰš
ƽȥʱһֱڻŷ˵ĻȻСģϾСߣ
ţصСԺƿţڴ齱߿һӰ
Ƿ鶼һ飬Ȼһˡ
ӺܸߣͦΣī΢侫£ƾޡüŨīοɫΣĵݸޡ
ȴվɫҪˣĪһҪĴ
ȷʵòƽ࿴ۣЩ죬˻ϼϾ˳ôͬ
һַС
ƽûпڣĶֱϴŻ󣬳֡
ɤ΢ͳȴ̶ͬһǴߡ
ڡ
ǳôȷʵбҪʶһ£ƽʱߣ΢ԥ֡
ƽ
ָһ𣬶Էзǳصļӣƽ·һ£ָ΢һ¡
ֻ˼һ£ƽָ⶯˶۵ף

*
лҪ˵
ûд꣬


 155  
ôý, ڱ߳࣬ƽЩڣָٴ
㡭
ƽ˿, оЩĪôһ˵, ڲطſ
Էһֱһȫľ뷶Χջ֮ʰԼĶˣƽ߰ˮ
ˮ뷿ͲͬϢһ޾Ԩа, ͬ, Ȼʲôõġ
ż˷ǳŨصаһаٻѾãõԻ, Ժֻ֮һ˲, ܿʧˣ·Ǵ
ƽͷ޵ĶԻˮȫ̶, ƽ
ͬ˵û, Сӿе⣬Զ㡣
޵Ļ, ˮ, ڵˮôΣûлӦ, Ҳ·ĵסڶҪʼˣɽ, ֻǸտʼ, ˵տʼͷǳϸп, Ψһݵĵطڻ˼ǵ
棬ȫ۵
ѵýЩʱ䣬ƽע⵽ʰ궫ͳȥˣֻʣһˣһŴ
£Ѿɽһ飬ûкСһ𣬷ֵͬ顭ԺֻܸдţΪסһӣ㣬·ȥ˽ȣаѽһˡ
ƽ߶߶˵ĶһЩϻ뵽ʲô˵ʲôС¹ΣС¿϶
·ϵļȫĽƳӰˣҲѾվ
һİĵط˯òȣŴڼûзκζһַֻһ˵Ĵ
峿һȻƽ˸ֶ̱ˣӴʰԼĶɫɫĵӣʱûмڵӰ
طʱȺпˡ
ƽȺѰҷ޵Ӱ޲ڣǵݲͬ
ֿ˿ΧĵӣĵΪиеͣǰһʯףֱܹϸ΢
ڣǽյݣ֮ǰȥ̭
ң㿼ı취ƽ⣬Ȼܿͻľ
̨ǧףƽ̤֮ǰ㿴仯ߵĲѾһϲͷظں档
ǰĸƣƽԭ߻ܿӣԽϾԽԽˣĿѾȥˣеѾ֧ؽ
ٶһֱסÿ˵ӰֻܿģΡ
˼ٽףƽֻʣһˣԷݣԷٶҲǲģٶȱһ¡
ƽԱŲŲͶԷЩ룬ôһŲԭ̫ʯڴ˿̿ˣʯڲ֪խżߵʯӣʯ¹䣬Ԩ
ԭضסֻһ㣬һյԱһֱŲԶӰ֪ʲôʱߣָ⽫ק˻
˰ȫľ롣
Էܿɿƽһл˵ллԷһûش𣬰βššһ
ɤԵͣЩ죬ƽʯȥˣԽԽխֻһͨУƽǰ棬Ե˸
һΣ֪˶ãʯ׿ȥ޾ͷ˴¡
ʯߵĺɣǰˣܹǰ˵ĲԷƺЩᣬ΢΢ʱ¶˿ڵĲƤܰ׾ῴȥܴ
ָȥڴüۿ˿ڣʯûоͷȦ
ƽ˭Ҳ˶Է˼ʯ۷ֻ۷ܻصʯס
ˮսˮϣеá
˵꣬ΧҵԴͷˮһȥ
ˮǵһóһҪúôһЩͣ޾ڿлۣΧŨȫɢ
ʯϵĵȫһĻʯǰ۳һ⣬ŨϤɢлһŪŰ죬ϯ顱һʲôˡ
زֹʯϵ۷֯ɵʯҲȫɢеȫͻԭء
׼ȷ˵ǵȥƽЩסˣﻹˮֻۣŵµʯɢƽڿգĽ֨ҽС
ӣô
ƽ
˿ɢƽ㱼ƺһЦȻסһ̣صԭء
ߺܿ쾪ɽĳϣǱдʯƽĵһ죬㱻ˡ
ΪһģοǷһҲҪһܷͬ
ʯݣȥɨɽһ£ɨ겻׼
ɽа֮أһЩСаԹʲ࣬ѾЩԹϲҵǳࡣ
òƽĹˣȥʱ϶࿴˼ۡ
кܶìܵĵطǲΪҲܹͣһʹʯݣҲǳ
ƽ֪Щƣһǰɽˡ˵С˵Զ㣬ˡ
˭һѱĽ
ƽں棬ظǰ꣬ԥ컹ǵǸ
һ˴ɨҲԡ
Ȼˮ࣬ںһɨǻ൥һʱ䡣
ǰͣѥȵϵͩҶŵ״һҽУͩҶһ顣
˵Ҫһ𣬡ָͩҶǳѪɤ΢΢ˣǡЩԣҴһ𡣡
ƽ˵ˣЩΣϷֺûбֳʵʲôԡ
ڣŹı飬˸ĸоЩΥͣ˵Υ͡
ȴûɽ·ǰں棬һʱ֮Ĭƽɽ··վ
һ·÷ֳߣƽڵȥһߣϡ
˷ֿһЩڲû飬ת뿪ˡ
뿪֮վԭûֻһ̣ɽϵԹҷǰƽ
ѾȥиֳӰɸ󣬵һӡ
ڿǰԹ飬΢תȥɹڵϣ㱨һЩ£㱨֮ע
˳ſȥ㿴ˮˡ
ڲɵߣ˸ƣԭʧ
ɽֻʣˣƽ֪˸ˣˮˮϴ
ۣʯʲôϲͷ
ƽˮϴһ£ˮֿʼ֨ҽУص߿ޣˡ
ֲǹģúñ֣Ҳңء
ƽ߶ˮ۵Ŀܺǳһ£˻ˡ
ô˵ˮ˻ȥˮвסתȦȦһתһϴ
Ҵˣ㲻Ҫء
Ȼңƽﶼ˺ңҶδظǡ
ƽˮһۣ˼ԣѽǱ˼ģֲġ
ˮɺ࣬ƽɽԹ飬һһ׼Թ龾ԹҲ߿ޣܷܲңǽģûء
ָһԹɢűвסˣ·ֵСҰ˳ժ·Ͽ伮ֵģˮֹӽԹԹʡ
ˮٸв̱Ҫܣƽˣˮץסˮ۽иͣڽһ˿ǰ˩ŹӣʼԹ顣
ӣǽֲͣ
ˮҪˣƽûֻװģŵ㰲˼
ƽԹʮֻԹȫڰӣֹֻбժ˲ŻͷųϢܹԹ顣
ˮץԹ飬Ҳˣˮ۸ˣСϱһίĲУظƽ󣬻ƽ
ԭֱ·ڣƽ￴ڣڲ֪˶áƽʵˣϾǹϵûк졣
ʵòŵȣ񾭴ֻ˳һ˵ûаڷϡ
ȶˣȷʵڻ
ûһᡣ˵
ҵһᣬԺֱӻȥǣصҡ
ڡšһһҲ޷ûеܾá
ƽ˵ʲôˣǺڽӴĵһ죬İ£ÿպڴһ𣬼һº͵ʣ˲
ڶ̶̰µĽӴδţȷʵĲ̫һ
ÿסһڴӲѯ˽ǲࡣ˵ʱڻʱָһЩͽݾڶúܶ࣬ҴκιΪƺѡ
ôѾڻѵķΧҲ΢һЩ
Ե޹ʱҲûлرڣΪ伮Ϊ󣬵δܽɤºͣ潲һֺܹϵʽ⣬Ҳ񡭡㲻ʽʵ񣿡
ƽţעȫڵ伮ϣרעؿĶ˸˵Ҳڣŵʶ΢΢оࡣ
ûע⵽ǸԶܵСϢѾ
Է޵ĽǶȣı뽫ƽȦڻȦǸ˻ͽȻŭ⣬Ϣˣͷų⡣
ԭΪѲӰû˱ˣڻûһ£ֶһ


 156  С㲻ϲҰɣ
ڲԷĵ, ɫ˵һߣƽѯʡ
Ҽ, ƽ˵һ䣬ԼĽȥ, Ϊ˵Ŀռ䡣
ΪǼˣ޸룬ֲʯͷģѾѷ޻ڽļ˷Χˡ
ε֯˽, бǾ΢΢, ߱ϢûȥɤʣǷڸʲô
޶, ׵伮, ڸҽ伮ƽ˷ΪΪʹԲ̫õߵý
֪ռ뿴κ׽
, ղȥͨ²аʱ, ƷǱҲǣһпо͹ˡ
޴΢˶, Էתƻ, ϴұ˵ԶһЩ
֪, ƽɤԵһЩƽ˹, ߵļ˿ǳǿ, С֮, Ǩˡ
޲ϲߵýڽûнѣֻС棬߲Ÿ΢һЩ
Ҿ紫ǰ㣬С㣬һ죬Ҳﴫķǳʱ㻹ԸҴһ𣿡
΢΢ػشѾظ˴𰸣ȻǲںЩԡ
֪˵ʲô˾ˣȻţҽҲ㿴
ƽպ⣬ʱ򲻱˵ԼҲԶ롣
ʱƽ˵ЩպŻԼ̫档ΪƶǼ򵥵ǷǿԶۣΪԴ׷֪Լ̤֯õ
Ը˳ŷޣǿûˣʱǿڱ㡣
У㿴˭öԷǶͼı죬ƽ˵ŷ޳ȥպòϢ죬㻹ˣǲҪ˷ʱ䣬Ͻɽ
¸оúÿ죬ƽûٱԹ࣬࣬СȴѾﾡͷ
ȡǰܻȥ
궬컹ĸ£ѩǰȥ
ɽıԻһ꣬һѩʥģڶһ׼ַΪɽṩһݽס
޿ƽԶʱü۴Щ˼ǣ뽫ˣ
ƽûлش⣬ϢգɽµĲҹǺ֣ŷȥЩ
ƽﶼЩʲô
⣬дޱ飬һ¼һΣɽֻһˣû˿ҡ
ƽԭھƹȲ裬Բ㡰ۡһ³Ц˰죬֪һ˴ʷϣû뵽Ȼ϶ûУ㲻ȫԾ
ÿնЩʲôҲ飬ÿʲôʲô
̫һ˵ˣǷ޿϶õģСһǿ
ǣһ˴ʷ壬ʲôûУϢʯԼҵģǰͲˡ
ҪʮأԼŰ졣
ƽƽֻģ
ͣһᣬšһʵÿῴƽʲôʷһˮܿƺǰģÿһʱȥƽ
Сӳˣһμ潿ְ޻ӳԺǰ࣬ûۣҲûкۡ
˲֪ƽԭǱ㲻ãҪȱࡣ
Ž˵ԭӦ㣬ܹصˣ˸㿴
ƽǲ֪⻹͵͵ذˣ͵͵Ѳ軻ɾƣòװѷƭΪ˺һ̳
ùģһڣڷ˵Ļʵô⡣
ǼԼԭкܺõĸǣӵиӼ򵥵ʽȥֻǳʹ࣬Ӧö࿴Լӵʲôʵġ
ǧ֮⣬ǽתܵҲǧ֮⣬޾Ԩ
޾Ԩֻڴ˵֮УǧľͷһƬ磬ȥ˱Ҳˡ
ɤ䣬޾Ԩ
ƽעŲҪ޷أԡţһ޾Ԩʲôϵ
ԼҲ֪ӦǣûǸӡƽһ䣬͵͵صһƣķ
ץˣƽ̵ذѾƺԼŲŲķ΢΢šü缦һɿüģ˿
㳢һƽҲ˵㣬һ㣬Ϊ֪޲ܺȾƣ
ָԼһƺСԿЩκģ޸˵ʲôûȥֻ֪͡
´β׼͵ȡ
¼ǵøҴֻţ˵
ӱס޴ɤ䣬ˣ
ƽ˵ʲôֻᡰšԼʶԭ··Щȣ·ͷСǺ«קСһǺ«Ҫιޡ
ڴأСһ£ԼǺ«һۡһͿˣǰζЩΣһ·ҪŪȥ
ƽеΣأӷ޻ͳӣֵʱȥʮǺ«Сౡ
С౵û˵Ȼ˵˾䡰ɵӸ硱ʮǺ«ˡ
ݶϵڿŽֵϵһĻüīŨΪСʱٺ˽ӴȺԹѪȱԡ
۲Χˣȥģܻӭһˣһߡ
ΪθСʮǺ«ֻǱܵؾòһֱ߲֪ˣҪĨƽ
ƽ޷ŻصСԺ΢֪ǾƵĶߣĺǰǸֳܶС£һ·Ͽĸûꡣ
š±ܰιѾȻĪˡ
ôƽԼС£һۣ˸ãͻȻޣ峺ü۱ϴϸ΢Ц⣬۵ȴġ
С㲻ϲҰɣƽһʣеΣ˵ʲô˵ʲôˣɤܵ͡
ϲңǾͲǼˡ
˵һ䣬ȥԼСˣԭȻһᶼûж
ƽԼһ仰С룬ԺӣԼ˵ྻҪ˯ˡ
Լϣƽ۽ɨʲôһƽʰĺܸɾﶥ伮ǡ
һȴöǺ«
޵ģƽָһģ塭ʮƽ￴ڡôϲǺ«
ƽſһᣬڴע⵽ߣǺ«ȫˣȻֳš
㶵ؿڳȥ֪ΪΣһ˿ռһԸ
ƽûж룬ͷ۵Ҫܿ˯˹ȥ
Ժ¹䣬˶Է꣬ƽʲôƿطΧ
ԺʧǺ«صԼĹ
عһ޴аΪ̵ģʯŴ򿪣ֳľ
˹ǣ˹ǣ˹ǶͬһˣǽǾ޴һֻƣʱֳܸʲô
Цʱۿʱ˯ʱϴʱദʱʱкͱлʱ
ÿһԼ̵ǣ󣬰һǺ«
㣬ߣʱĨƽˡ


 157  ƶ񤡢壬븯ġ
, ƽûܻعաɽѩÿҪֻдź
Ϊÿдǳ, Ҫȱ˶ʮٱŬ첻Ҫ, ҹʱŻȥ
ÿսƣȥʱ˯ţδյµĻţǽϿһۼ, ȸһա
ƽŶҪ, .Ƥߣ˵ûз֣ʱȻסڡ
ҲǻĴ, , Ҳδ˵ʲôÿշһͬȥڻָ, Ϊ񡢺Ϊ顣
ԭӦʹ, ัãܵоʧ
ƽûиܵκʹ, ۵, ۵׾ᣬĵظ, 󷨣ƺһڶᡣ
ʼ, , ǰһ׾, ֻżǰ¶֡
Щżյ£ַС¡ַµնʹնааĺۼǧ׷顣С£ŹССȻԸȴܺãʱΪճޡ
׶ڸĹۣ׵һ
ɽΪһʱ䣬ԪڣǿԳȥ䡣
޹żƽǺһ飬δ֣ۣжˣȺΧסǺѾҹ
Ѿƣ޳ʱѾۿ޵Ҫᴩôһ£ɱ֮˹ȥ
ƽŻȥڣҵһɽȥڵڣ
ĶմЩɫɫ԰ףڵ۽޲һ˲δֻۣ󣬴Ѫ
ƽֺûӦûйԼϵˣȼڵΪڰδйܵʱֻ̣ʣߣο˻Ϊܵġ
ڵ¾ɵ˿ڣˣ޵ᴩιǡ
ƽҩͿȥ˿ڱԵϸСӳܿ³Ѫ⣬˿û취ϡ
˺üΣʹ˿ϣʱЩڶߺ˺ü
ڡڣ
ڿۣӳıǰ˵ĵݣԷüšţ΢滺Щ
Ϊѿô£
ΪааСҪаʹࡣ
ش𣬲δڣȵָ˿ϣԷСذ˿ڣһųɤɳơ
°һˡ۲ۣ
ƽԼϵ˲ź֪ûΪιһãǶԷ˽һ߰Լ˿ˡ
˵ںѾˣڵʵ֪١
ûǲ֪ΪãΪԼ˿ڣָĦϵǰԪڣǺСһġ
һС¸ԪڵĵʣףΪ
ڶС´ȥܹꡣ
СΪȥժ˺÷ȥѾʵĸס
ԪҪС·ֿˣƽţʶ𽥻磬˯˹ȥڿҪ˯ȥʱۡ
ΪһۣʱѾ·ɽ棬֧ڵϣΪҹ
ĵ˯˹ȥ쳣գʱһֵӣڹż֮С
һԪɽģͷһһֱž룬ڷǰӲ֮٣Ȼֻ˵ʱҲž룬ú
޶ڲҲûôųˣʱˣڱС
һȥȥĻǲҹǣĵƻȼţвٵӡ
Ԫ൱ڷ꣬ƽżԵĶ̬ȸĹЩѣδᵽԼ˽£һЩ޺ͷ⡣
ڼҲٱΪЩǺ׼ҵˣɣЩʮµ
ЩܿԼ֪֮⣬ڵѾӵ档
һĻʮϤһͬڽϣƽͬ˵˵ʱͨǾţ롣
ѾΪһֱĶΣ˳
ڣΪһֱΣǺ׼ҵĴͳ
ƽʳͯĽһʱýڶߣ㿴ģޣޱߴ˱Ȼ衣
ΪҪΣɤ󣬴żݣĸģ˵ӵŮ϶ܹаܶ񡣡
ԭ㣬ƽЩ棬ؼûðãȥСҲŮǵ´Ůװĵôÿ
𣿡
ڴߴЩЦ⣬أ
һ֪СҴ⣬ƽקƽһۣﰡ
·
ʲôʱЩëǲģ˵ʱ˲·
һȥݿ˳ϷϷĵʣ׼ϵ尮ϵ壬ΪԼ˽Ĳκ˽ӽԷ˵һУƿ˵壬ǺйӴȫû³ˡ
Ϸֻǵ̸ƽַ޿ʮ棬СҲϲƿ˵һࡣ
ƽöʣǶ԰ʮҳϣ弸඼ԶԶģС֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪûϲԼƿءûϲ
ƽлǱϢЩ
СΪã㿴ôĻΪѾʶպϲˣҲѧôܡ
ƽȫ˳Ϲ࣬÷ܹڸĸģĵϲ˵ĳëճ·Ƿ޸ѡġ
̫ˣúСǰЩӷ޶ʮԣŮڶŮӱʧˡ
ƽúͷйأΪͶʱڣֵķǳģһ춼û
ȫ˵ʱһˣҲڡ
ƽ˼˶ˣڿ̨ϵϷ̨תߵꡣüĿºͣɤҲϸԴѾǸġ
ȥ¥˾ƣƽ˱㺰С£޷ڿĿЩºͣ΢΢šü֪ڴʲô⡣
ѧϰϰߵȥоƽƽܹܵԣƽϲƿأӦÿԼռȥ˺ƽߵˡ
ԭѷһ˹ǣʱȴָ⣬ƽˣܹһ
һϣʼŬѧϰԼƽٴξ·СӵǺ«Ҳ¸Էʮֻ
ûаʮֻǺ«ֻҹڣСҲҪ
ƽ˿ģΪ˺öС£˵Ļˣǳشӷ޻ͳӣеǺ«ȫڡ
ڸһһʱĿܹõȶࡣ
ҹɢŻȥһ˱һǺ«һֱǹЦ⡣
˻ȫ෴ѾԶˣҪʱ̹עƽҪ֪⻹⣬һֱߣʱʱǺ«ۡ
Ǻ«Ǯġ
СϲһӦƿһУǲӦ֪
ڰݼڣ˷ôһ䣬׷ǰ뱧˰˺ȥˡ
Ȼһ
һ仰㱻ιȥԼԭվ˺һᣬʷ塣
ԺֻʣˣһҲûɾ֮ƽȥƽ߱ӣð˸ǽ֮߱ƽֱˡ
Ŀάһ꣬һ곢ȥƽӲƽ£ȥֹԷѣҲȥ͵ʱƽʲô
ڶףϣƽһˣõ˵һڶǷޣǵ
һ콱ʱһѡ˶ѡѩʥģƽȴѡǸ˵ûƨõĻ
һףƽعգ˷֮⣬ڡ
ڼһĿƣڼĽ֮ȫֱ
ںˮмȴȫһ¡
ƽƽԴ̬ϹעǺͼĽ֮󣬱ȫᲢˡ
ѩؿƽ˽˻üȫǻϲ飬ûмƽ㻶ϲ
δһ档
ɤͿ࣬ڴˮһ㣬۵׾Ц⣬Ǽϲ˲Żе顣
ᣬߴþˣõЩԼԭʲôģĵαװ˺ѣ¶ƶ񤡢壬븯ġ

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 158  ԶȥԼǰ·
, ҸдţΪδӲң֪֪նڵһš
ƽ˵ۿ, ⻹棬һӻҪĽ˵, ĽݿȥӲ԰ףδֻôķ˿
, ȥ
䵭ɤ, ƽ⶯˶˳ſȥĲֹµ, нһ, ²
Ŀ⣬ȫܿװû, ƽ֪غ, ɿĽ䣬ֲȫɿ, Сµָ, ű㲻Ըɿˡ
һѻƽ֪, Ľڣڷ, һ򲻴С, , Ҳ
ϾҲǹյˣĽ䲢δ˵ʲô̬Ⱥпϣǣƽڵл˵ĶһЩ׻չࡣ
أڷҲܿԼʱ ѧǰӭĽ䣬ϴº͵ЦݣذƽֵܵĽɫ
²ضŹɽˮһСҹɤºͣüûκ
һޱ飬ĵЦװڻװ
ȷʵһҴȥ棬ƽչȥ˵С߿ɱȲҹǺˣһסջס
ԴȥӪȥԳ棬ǿԺúñһ
ƽƽܺڱԣھɴȵʱҲδȫƽﾭƽ֣Ӯ˵Ӯĸ࣬Ӯ
ڴ΢΢Ľ΢䵭⣬δ̴Ӧ㰲ţԳʵµԸԸȥ
һãƽĽ۵ףСһĽ䡰šһ±ˡ
ƽָĽӣ׼а취ܾȵµˣҲˣĽƺЩġ
ԭС±㻰٣Ǹ飬һˣֻڲʱѯʣƽģƽĵظڽ
ٸҹڴһγɷһĬڷִҶ˵ҲʶȤز˵ˣһۣڱŷȥһߡ
ƽҪȥ⣬ϲȥĽ䣬ĽϢ̫ԣչȥСҧ䡣
ôǣ²ģ
ƽԼעⲻԼϵı仯ʱ䲻¡ȥۣˣһһЦ˾ޣΪΪߵԵʣҲº͸䣬ñոˡ
ǷȺУһһ۱ϳ
ĽӣϲӦǰˣδعţЩÿտֿ˯ǰƽĴߣԭֻǴ㿴һۣȴ᲻÷ˡ
ٿԷߵˣڹձţɽǧһģǧѴķз
ԶȥԼǰ·
Ľ˼ǧδֳƽ֣㿪ģһʱ֪˵Щʲô
Ȼȥ⣬ӦʱˣжҪ㡣
ʲôƽԺǵ¸׼
Ľ䲻ԸϾ֪ˣЩ᲻ãռҪֿȥ͵͵Ľ촽
µҡ
Ľԭվţۼ̤뽫һƽͷؿһۣܿڲ֪˵ʲôƽϴЩЦջĿ⡣
ܿ˱㿴ˡ
Ľɫ԰ףɤӿ𣬴ɫǣ¡˱ȥɣҪ
ȿȡĽһ·ţŻصҲ̲סۡŻһƬѪմ졣
ֻţ²ǲȥһ۽ķʲô֪
Ҳʲô˵ߵȥ
οǵѾˡ
ƽȥַ⣬ԶˣòУû˼ַһȥ㱧סˣַ⣬Ϊβȥң
㱻ƵôСĴϳޱ飬С²ǹȥˣȥ˲ҲǴֿҡ
˵ʲô˵ȷʵҪƽû˵꣬ſ˿Ŀˮ
ַ΢΢üˮ
ˮΣգƽǱһ˹ȥЩˡ
ǰаһСıһֽзˮ
ˮŽзˮ
һֱҪңƽûڷǰ˵ˮãƽʱҲȹҺüΡ
ַ⵹ˣСĵĻԵȷʵǳˣɽĽҲţС˵һ
ʹܹܣСˣȷʵĿ࿴
ƽ֪Щƣδоʹָʹûܹ
š˴δûǺ׼ҵˣ
ʲôãСܣƽưһ䣬ںѾˣ˵Ҳûϵûн
ŶַζСҲˣ
Сӣô˵£ƽЩˣŷſ˻С̡
ַûж˵Сڸһٶۣ£˭֪СϲòӣһȫСĵڴʣ˭˭룿
ɽ¶
˵ƽЩ飬Ǵ֮䱻˿ˣǧЩΪǷ⣬ͷǴһԽԽס
ȻûͷȣʱֻǴƷɽһ֪ǳ֮󣬱㱻Ϊˡ
죬ΪСĵԵʣձһ
ȻˣͲҪܣƽţܵʱҿܹ˲㡣
ƽԺ棬ʲôƣ
аʱһʮ֯ڶǳټͽóģĴ֪˭װŪ
ƽ֪һֱæûз˵£ʱֻὨ
ڲҹҲţҪҰæʱ˵
ϾڵѾǰˡ
ַ⡰šһСĽ䣬ˡ
ַ֣ܿü۳˼֣Ըȥ׼ҵĺӣ⣬Сȫһ顣
Ӧǡԭʧ
ƽϤ˽ĻҪȥС£ڽˡ
ܷĵ˹֪뿪֮ڱһ·빬
Ϥĵƣ֮ȴסˣ˲֪ԭ˲֪Ľ˺ιȥˡ
ƽ̱㾾ˣ֪ػĽһֱڳŴʱ˺
Ŷӵгˣ洫˼ЩվסĿŴ֮΢
ȻĲǺϢ껳һɫľºӣֻǿţƽˣ󷨡
꿴վŵ˱Ǽҵܣºò׿ˣ˱ˣΪλҪ
Ҫôߣһֱŵ£Ҫô˾ͱٻ±ӱ㲻ȫˣѻδȻ
ǵҽģ˵յһĴһεرǵƮƮˡ
ƽ˶ǱֱҪСˡ
δʳôãЩֵζ
ιȥΪ㣬岻ãܴ̼һЩӣ
ˣءһǰϡ

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 159  ΣҶһֱ㡣
ƽڶ˱, ڵվ˺һᣬƺѾ˯ˣԴ, վ˲ʱ
ֱĵϨˣۻؽ
ȥ, ڻڵ飬ڹػһ䡣
볶һ΢ЦЦЩǣǿ, ڲ輸, Աߡ
Сڣƽûлشڵ⣬ƫķ
ڰ˴ˣǷ, ȥ, ƣѾҹԺֻˡ
˯硣
ƽûж, Ϊ, Լ»һ飬ڵ, ָڲ豭Ե, ľƵӳɫ
ڣŲ, ſôһ䡣
Ų۽һӰõĻ֮Сʱгϸ, ˾Գ, ˵ǧһ֮֡
ڴǳһϸ΢Ļ, ɤº֮ͣ˲Ż
ڻ˵ĻƽƽûʲôʱС£ɬܣָĦŲ豭ɤԵ͡
˵ǡҲҾȲС¡
һɢȴˣľûж赭дʣ
ƽšһҲûб˿˵Ǻͷ޷˵һ˵Ժ󶼲ټС¡
ôһ䣬ָԽ糣Ҫ׼
żϼأ׼ǵһ𡣡ҲָԷ㣬ĵܹһꡣ
׵ָ΢סüۣһĶ΢ζ΢΢̧ȫ
ǡ̾һףȥɣܽ⣬㲻ڣ
ȻǲڣƽûϵǱƣԼķ䣬ĦĽǸϻӣСġ
򲻿
С¸⣬ûִţѺϻӷһҹһҹδߡ
ļ죬һֱϣʵȥûа취ô죬׻̲סܿ̽˶
˿Σ洺µĺ÷Ľ䡣
еҩζס÷㣬Ľڴ齱ţݲ԰ףźãڴż
ƽϳдţСڲһĿСۺãżһۺ۶ûУɼƽС¶ô
ûпãĽ侫񲻼ãûܿ꣬˾˹ȥ
¡ˡ˲û޼ĺ÷˹ܿ췿䱻ǰǿûһɢȥ
ëȥûʲô˼
ƽڵеʱ򣬰Ѵһƽס˴ͣľɤܵ͡
а취ܾȵ£Ҫæʵ㡭
껹ʵŰɡ
ν׼һΪһΪūʵΪūūΪĻܹкһ񣬻˵ƽҪԼȥĽ䡣
һɻ˵кͣϻĸ˵ȥʵֻжʮꡣ
ܹĽһЩ꣬ڻ֮ͬʱҪĽĲħԼδĽеʹ뺮࣬ҪΪ֮
Ҫʮ죬ϻһߣʮҪÿĽǶġ
ĽʱȻ޷쵽ƽĽ˴ꡣ
ʵһЩᣬû뵽Ϊҵһǵ֪ˣһԸ⡣ûоãƫԼģԼܹꡣ
ǵһգҪȡѪƽذ׻ģѪϣӵϷӿ
ʹ֮תƣ֮չʱĽѵģڵкĽߣһֵ··֪ڵĴ
ҲҹĽ䣬ĽѵʱԸŻɣѵʱԽԽá
ǺתԤףƽ޴ϲøǣԼϵ쳣ձ֣ȿ˲ԡ
ΪϻٻĲȥ߭وʲô󣬻ϢǷǳɤǽ˱ıӡ
ƽʱܵƽĽܵʹۣ࣬ҲЩңҺתƵϣպС±㲻̵ʹࡣ
Сɿңƽ֪ס޸ԭȻЩģﶼȥȷſҡ
׼ȥǲҪˡ
ֵȣٹȥҲԸġסʹЩһһɤ
ԭ㲻ãοСһĵߣ˭˭
ƽü̧ѹһ⣬㿴ŷޣظһ飬֡
ûмİƽеʹɿ֡
ԭվţѾȥ
ʮŵһ죬ƽ̤ϵڻԣɫѾúֻܶ࣬һΣɡ
ƽûʲô⣬һɵʱһһᣬۼźҪϵĽϣԺһƬѣΣѾʮҹδϹۣʱŵ΢ȥ
ǰһƬڣֱ˹ȥ
Сһһţ̳֣ʱ˿˹˼Ľߣ˼Ҳȫ޷˼ɡ
ڵӰ֣ÿͬƽƽαŲƣһմ
ϵˡֵã
벻ͨ£ƽѰȴû취ȥѰҴ𰸡ֻԼġ
ƽ᲻ƽһʹƽѧ⣬̸ʹΪܡϾаĥٶһЩ۶˵Ҳ޹ؽҪ
Ӯɽĵһø
Ҫˣȡ
ΪԼ̵һͷð׻ܡ
ļϵˣƾʲôҪΪôһĿࡣ
ԭվţӳ޵ĺüЩϵڻԣʱϵرɫɣڿвϱ
顱һ߶ѿڿлΪ˻ҽ
ɢϵĽⱻ޾ıϯǺԵ͸Ĺ裬۵ѹĽǰЩģָ΢ֱԼɫӿ
ͷʲôҪðĽɫ԰ûѪɫ֪ʲôɤѵؼ
ꡭˡ
Ľָ߬Ѫۣ˶ŴһУɫ壬ôһеȫӿ
齱ߵĲ뱻飬Ľ˴Ӵͷ˲輸߽ǣƤʹһƬȵģ˫ۡ
ȿȡĽ˵ʲôЩ˲˿ڣ׵ָմɫοһƬ۵ĺ졣
ƽ㱻㣬Ƿɫ԰ף齱ţ
⡭Һۡƽʱѣ̡ͬ
֪ۣԺ׼ȥַһ
ƽϸϸΪʲô׼˭ģڡǷޣ
û˵˭˵ģ̬ȼ׼ǲ׼Ҳ׼ٶ룬ӣҲȲ
˭˵ģ⡭㲻Ҫһܳ꣬Ҳ¡ƽˣҪȴⰴסԭزһ磬
ԺûҵķԸ׼С̤ȥ벽
ַ˵ȥ
⡪ƽļҪŻһѪʱ֪ЩѶԸڴڴȥ
һģܿߣδʣҪȥȥ
ʱ֪˾޴ʣʱȫûڱһ·
˳ӲԵɣĪЩڱϿڵڣЩġ
¼࣬Ӧģʵ˵޹أɤºͣΣҶһֱ㡣
üѹڲδԽأڿ쵽ʱͣ˼߲·ֻǳοιȥǿо
ҪʧȥϣҲİС¡
ĹʧԺֻܿһˡ

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 160  ʾǽ֡
ƽṳ̂붫, ʱ֪ʲôвõԤиֳż͵ѹ
Ⱦ켲, Ȼ
žһ꼸Ǻ, ƽϴʹ϶˼ʺָӡ
ޱȺڣǵѾȥ˹ʦͼ˾ʱƽı, һǻ֪ʲô
ҲӦ, Ҫ¡ɤҧغᣬֵȴֺû顣
ƽô󣬴ûаİ, ָԼĴ, Ϣ˼֣Ҽ
֪Ϊʲô³ʲô, Ҳ֪ס, δ
£ȫóָ, Ľ䴲齱, ˡ
ƽϢڿ崲ϵһ, ȻһϽǸҼҪϿ
Щ֧Ųס, ƽָ, ɫò԰
ϵѾ, ɫģЩɫķ·ӵĽϲϷӿĽιȥҲðݿǳʹࡣ
顱һƽ˵ϣָȥЩģɫķֺӰ죬ǲĽ䣬ʹĽȫųصа
ûмԺʲôʱΪ̫ڱûлĽһ¡
ĵϵɫ԰ֽƽĽûкߣϵĻҲûϣǰһ쿴ϵġ
ƽ˱޾ĸûдۿȼҪ£Ľ󣬶ǵش
ֻһ֪ĵס
˵¡
ƽǱ꣬ûڶ̫ãԼ侲ԺסЩɫĵ״ججػص
׼ʧˣΪСϻЩģЩҪȸƽѾȥκ˵Ļڲ˲ĵ伮
Ǻ׼ĵ伮ȫ鿴мصĸа䣬յ·ȥ˻ľżֻԵս⿪Сµа䣬а취ΪҲá
СΪҪЩ˴
µʱ䣬ƽÿڲˣҲûȰö
ƽΪѾ֮ǰǿӲģޱ鷳ĸ˿
һֱ񾭣۾ҪϹˣüճӰգգۣӰѹȥ伮
ƽҲȥû취ȥǳأйаһ
һĨɵʷһƬհס
ȥȰˣҲδ˵ʲôһƹȥ˺ƾƣƽſ˯˹ȥ
վ£ë΢üšţ۽ڲסƣ̶ʮࡣ
ڶ濴ˣָգָմһƬôһ˲䣬ܹһֱ߱á
õܹԼĸҵȫϵһϡ
ƫﾲĵģʮӰ֣ں֮Уɵγ֣ɤЩ̾Ϣ
ӣڴ˵ѾãǰЩַѾ鵽ϣٴȥϲߡ
аǱѾ׼ֻһ£֤ǧʮǳءȫΪһƬѪ
ʱ˵ַ⣬ΣҲȲǧ顣
ڻδڣĵһյĶڿţ֪Լڵʲôɿָ⣬ߵסָ
˾ʲô̫ᣬδ塣
ʮɢǾа񣬳˾Եֵѹ֮⣬оԵĳ羴ҳϡ
ʱԤԣΪʱôģֱδ³֡
Ѱһ죬գǧʮͬʱа䡣
ǱаŰ̶һգȫǣǳϷŲվͷһĨѪ측֣һտʼʷϵа俹ƪ¡
Ϊʿ֮ףնʹͦδ⣬ǧ֮ʱѹսԼǰǧʮǣһڳֶԲߡ
ʱֻһ仰ڡ
Ҳڴʱƽ֪аĿ
ĵ¸Ⱦа䣬ǧŰа䡣
ƽδüҵԲߣʱµľ񡣹Ⱦа䣬ȫն֮ڲ֪սɱ˶а
СѾԼȫͬ
ǱɱĽ䡣
ѾҲ˵̬ǼصξŽޣڶ
ڳǣǽаȫ⣬ĶݰڳаӣôǹձǲƣΪtǰ³
˼ΣӣССԴ֣
ƽɢǰ񶫹Ѿụ̂ԭ֪ʱ̷ңа䴫֮Σſȸ
ֻʣ´껹ڣΪС¼ҩʳϧѾԲЩʳ
ƽδ˵ʲôʱʵ˲лȨνȨֱ֮࣬񲻹ǵ׸⡣
ƽδɨЩߣ̤У˱ˡ
аѹĽĲǣýͬʱ𽥵ǣ˫ñԣʱ𽥵ʧȥ¶ȡ
ĽʱѣڲʱԣֻǱϲŭ޳ŭΪռﵽ˶㡣
̤ײһ𷢳Ƶ죬Ľ䵽ǰﷺһ糺죬ſߣɤ䡣
ȥˡ
ƽ飬ĽȴסʲôĽ˵ίŴǧٱʱ˽Ľ仳̱ӿ˳
˵ĽֻǱ̵ָȥ׾ᣬȥһؿĲ
ĽɤԵͣ򲻸ɾȥĨᣬʲô´δֹ㡣
ӶµûţƵƽˣûһ㱻Ľ䱧˲輸ߣȥȻԼĶ
һӣĽ۾ģḶֵ̌ۡ
ƽסĽȥӣȥ·¶ȡ
ӻϸ΢仯תתȥһ
ƽӣע⣬Ľ䱧ڻĽôƤġ
ңƽɤЩɳƣûɿ
Ľְˣδꡣ
˯һģƽںյ壬Ľ仳Ｓȡ¶ȣҲںߵ˿ܻаҧĲ
룬ǰҲãҲСһ
ȻС°ͷҧҲ᲻һ£ֻؽڻȥĥĺ󾱣ǳǳӡ
СһҲˡ֪ӦΡ
ĽɤЩָգѵȻ˯ô˾ǰȴַ·ɼ
չȥôĶ⣬ǰ㡣
ҪҺúûȥ
ƽ۽޲˲սĽָ⣬СߵૣĽ仳Ľ仳ﲻԸſ
ضһˣʱСһʱС»ᷢҧֻҧҧĶӡһ㡣
ѵ֮ȥʡСÿڶԼĶżڶˡ
һĽһģһżֻͷīɫżĽӵС֮ǰգûСµǡ彡
һԪڣĽżƽһ˻ƣȥ˵ƣΪƽһ춹ࡣ
ѵһ϶ѵģʱĽһֱڳŹţֱǵӰʧھͷ
ʱĽ룬ӵһ߽壬᲻ܺƽܹߵĳԶһЩ
ת룬ܵĿʵʲôԸһЩ࣬ϣеĲҶϣƽܹƽϲ֡
ⱲѾǰܵĸ֣̰ġϣ±ӻܹ
Ľ任˶һãǳһգڴǰҴһƳ
ţһ۱ز֪ԣСػ£˯ʱ½ǲԸɿ
ѾҲ롣

ʱԪһ£Ľڶʱﱧһżʾǽ֡

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 161  ֮Ĺ;
ƽڶ, ǰչҵϰףģΪСĹȥ᳾
ʱһᶼûе, ڶÿһ֣Ժֻʣº͵һȥͷ
صױ, С䣬عòãȥ
ʱ˼֧飬ѾĽһȥ, ֻʣһãľ.塣
ʱŵǾ߿, ûˣйյĳҪػɽӣʢع, ʹȴ, ȥ׷¡
˺꣬ƽ̤붫벽շתڸǳ, һ, гǳаȾǻǰնɱа
𽥳, ÿʱ, ˣ˽ϳɷ, ķǵĳ, Զ΢Ц
ʱ, Ϊ, һߣβ׺΢΢ִˮ̤ǧ档һɱֳֳꪣǻɢǧ
ƽ֪ɱ˶аȾа䣬ֻͱа·ӲӵİգĻ顣
һĴаӣ롣
СӡΪҪǡ
㣬˲аܲšʹʧξɢ󲻵ú𡣡
һ£ƽմѪձ߽ȣЩ
ܶʱˣҲ޷ȣ緽Ÿ޳ǣԭ٣̶һ£һǡ
Զ𣬻ߣƽԼģﲻ֪մ˶Ѫ
ˡ޸һɢȥһԵа֪ʲôʱƽЩܺ˽Ӵڷʱܿ˷޵ָ⡣
ƽָĨȥϵѪʼûиаԴͷа䴫Ⱦûκιɡ
ȫ⣬İѾսÿպа򽻵δаȾ
ȥ
ƽһ䣬ǰҪɱڵɣɸˣ±㽻Լȥ
ӦջɤƽһɫŴ˵ظ
һͬ˽ƽȥ˷⣬µϢԭʱƣȾааļӣаҲԽԽеɸ߽ޡ
ƽȥʱ򣬷ں飬Ҫǰһˣ˵ǵļ˾֪ʲô
˵ǰȥ⻹ûкʵѡ
ƽýȵ˶ˣſ˿ڣҺڹȥһˡ
ͷڻʲôһ΢΢šüȥգδػص
ƽӦһԷУȥԭ㲻һز岻û졣
ãⲢδ˵ʲôԴ˻ľ
ľҵķֻ꣬в⣬ܻһ
ֻꣿƽĿڴĻľԴ΢ֵһ
ֵģ˵Ƣı꣬ҪˣַԴһңһᱣ㡣
ƽĦ˻ľһᣬ΢΢Ӧһȥ
ʱڰ˿ڣƽߣҩ԰ҩᣬҩʱڵ˿ڣĿ΢ͣ١
Ūģ
æĿϣɤܵͣʱ˵ˡ
һͬȥһ壬ƽɤ쳣˾Ǳ߿֪ʲôֻȥ
ƽ״ѰΪڰ˿ڣаһֱߣҹܹĵذѺ󱳽ڣڲ֪˶ˡ
㽻ˣû飬ڰ˿֮ʱһ䡣
Ǵ˴οܻزˣ
˫׵ɤ󣬡С˵ˣһֱ㡣
һƽûлӦȥһ˶ĽĹǰ˺ܾã֮ԼԺӡ
ǰһգƽ˯ߺǳڷ޽ʱˣ֪Էл˵ûۡ
һ£Ҳδֻ齱վãָϷڸſĦա
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ȥģҶһ
ֻ˵ô䣬֮˱ʧˡ
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ƽԼĹȥһ֪֮ν־֮£Ѿһ⣬ûη壬ǰڵĵط
ڵĹȥ
ھݺ׼ңǺ׼ҵа񣬳ʱĸѪУԼȥϻᡣ
·ϱȣ˱׷СȺԸƧѪȱԡ
ʮʱ˵ūܹΪ˿ܹϵĺܿʬ壬˵Ŀ־ѡ
ֱ֮ץȥ꣬׾аѪ
ȥｻףīնʱǱīڿջһ£ڼɱ˺ܶˡ
ɱ˵СˡŮӣյ·ؤɱ˰ˡ
뿪ճǣǰɱԼͬĸĳ֣Գֵݻص׼ңԼΪԼڼɵ档
֮ǰɽɱǺ«СͶŮӣɱжĵӡĳϣԽ⣬ʹࡣ
ճĽа䣬а֮׷ΪˣΪа䷴ɣҹҹаɵ˫ʹࡣ
ƽڳ֮￴Լڵعһ߾ǵ̵Ķģڲʶ֣ѧдʱд֣عЩŤŤ壬дĶ
дǰѽдࡣʱСūģԼԼŤŤãƽں￴Ȼ鰸ѧд֡
׷ѡһգѡԪʹԪڣǳ
֪ԭǰһһաԪʹԪڡ
ԼǷծȻҪԼ
СһҲˡ֪ӦΣ
ҪҺúûȥ
鰸ʵ󼸸һǰдģʱھˡ
Ԫʹ֪Ϊ˼Ķ
ƽԺƬؿڱǵصѹֵĴɤѹֵĵУԼĶ䣬ߴָЩɦĶĤ
ߴĴУһ壬۽ɨһĶΣϤɤ
ԷƵ̧ͷ߷һЦ㲻֪ǰġ
ֳ֮︡ӾԶļ䣬಻һĵطȴͬĽ֡
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̤֮޾Ԩͬаһһͬɢ䡣
ڣȣԼֻ࣬˺鰮
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һǧаݣʢһУʥԽʱصǧ֮ǰһȴֻء
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ںһƽԭأԺֳ︡Լ۾ɤɬطļУĸѹһ
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ڳ͸ʱȫûжʹЩָˮھӸµıĿ⡣
Ѫ͸ƽָǰѳͱʱҲδܱܿ顱һᴩľľǰķѣǹգӿ˳
ᴩĿڣǰһƬģŻľѣǰҲѿʶȥɤӿ𣬡ۡŻһƬѪ
ƽȥָǱ߱Ⱦ죬¶ȷ·˳ŴϤɤ
СҪҺúûȥ
Լߵġ˵úûȥҪ
̴ǣƽڵϼҪɤӿָץǰմѪֲѪᡣ
ԡС»ڵ
һ
һ
ƽʶӿĺǱᴩ߸ֻʣ±عᴩһߺǣĵʹ
ٴ³һѪǱڵϵĺǰЩģ壬ɤ
Ƿҵģλ
һڴѡҲǰһ㡣
ҽ⣬Ϊɨһϰôҵģ
ƽķ˿קţͬݾյģʲôʣ£ֻʣ޾ĺ⡣
ѾΪѡˣһͬһɤºͣѰͬһ㣬ֵµذ΢΢ʹѪⱻţǼ
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ƽɤ˻ƣȳѪʱǱޱȣһ̯㲻ˡ
ʱ
֪¶˵塣
ԭӦΪʢ
Ҵ롭Ȳζ˵ҪԸ𳤽Ϊǹյ̫ӡ
𽣣ֻΪ˱¡
Ϊڹգǹյ̫ӣְػյĳұػաΪɽƮҡ֮УұԸһƬ̫ƽʢ
ƽɤԵͣһһ˵ļѣԺֳ︡գ󶼱С
Ǻ쳾֮翵һɳԺ뺣żȻһ֡
ƽսڵָȻʹǰذƫЩӳѹʹվ޾ѹɢƼˮĺ⡣
ɢ࣬ձ߾Ѫƽϵ˺ۣʱȴϾ˼ɫĳ׼ڡ
ͬʱɢѹһͬͨڵĽ鶼ǺɫģԣһҪһһֻñ
顱һת˲֮ѳײһ𣬽ӣ֮ײ𶯣ƽһ⣬ڽ̵ġ
ܹ׵ز³ʽԷǳٶײһ߻һ⣬·𶼱ѡƽձ߱˿ڣܿЩɫģƼѪˮգˮɢ޾а
ɫĲˮϣˮаѸٽĻ飬ƽܿڵĳˮгһײѹײһΧԹɢ
ƽƵúԶֳֵĺЩΣƼһͬɫĳ
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ƽԭվţЩΧڽ̸ģδһʽ
һʽΪ޾һСı
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߷·ܹĵƹΪ޹ǧۣͭл۰뱧ã޹׶гֳꪡ
޾ѹʣ̨·ռ˰գü۵ʹЦЦ޹Į޴ĳꪹƽȥ֮¡
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֮䣬ƽ˻лۣ棬ֱãõ࣬ЩӰ
ӰϤܿɫڵӣЩӰһл۳һ޴а
аü۵ʹǧʱձסձƸǣŨĺ£һѾ޴ɫγɵĳ
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ɫ˳ӹƽһͬЩã޾ŷƽĳᴩЩӰдһĲҽС
ǵһȻǵڶĵʮһߺӰȫɢĳڵĲ
ˮմѪѪǶĶϣڱаɢûˣλûڷۡ
ƽûбںõȥ˫׵Щ˻Ƶɤ
ɱҲȲһ
ƽӵļ䣬仰δҡڶѷϵģЩ˿ɻڣ˻ڡ
仰Ӧ͸㣬յīŵġɤᣬ˵ʲô΢飬ؿڴѪеĳعᴩڵࡣ
ѾյһƬƽòҰףָⱻ߬סɤѵطЩЦ
㶼֪֪ҷŵа䣿
ɱ˫ֵۣ֮а˳ޣǸ˸Цһѵӡ
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ЩʹʽľҲ·ƮƮطȥܹʹࡣ
ƽûлش⣬ĳ£ڷ·𱻶סʺرûѪɫ˺ɫġ
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ߵĺɢƽļҲ֮ȥֻ֮ʣڵļ䣬
г۳顱һЩƬһѣȫɢڰС
һҲֻһѡ񣬴ǧа䣬ȥ޾Ԩ
Сı޾ԨĵͼСԼҲ֪ʲô
յţԭǧû壬͵ܹй򿹺õܹĹУа֮ȾаǱûǵаҲ֮һļʱ塣
˻ΪߴΪػţǧ㽨࣬ЩȾа壬ܹиļʱ塣
ɣԭڵɡ
ֻҪһ׷ôаܻٴεһ졣
Ҳаٴεһ죬֮ˣԸƬ̫ƽ

ƽ̤޾Ԩһ̣Լǰǰɥûɥңȥδȥȥٻصվһ飬ǰѭ
ȥһ̣ǧаɢϴˣȻûڴ
ޱ޼ʵĺڰ׻ǲһ
һûСµһٴ
ת룬ӡа䣬÷ռˣغΪڵĶǷɾ֡

ǧԺǧ
аŰ֮֮аȴͬˮһȥ·һ˲䱻˳ߡû֪޾ԨаֻأȫΪжû֪
Ҳ֪涳ǽ£ʢÿնҪȥһԭ߽磬ʧģаȥһ괴漣
ʢϵаʧϵĻҲˣֻܣһˣһǻʧˡ
ǵڶ֣ÿȥһ߽磬֮ûٻط⣬Ǽնʹڶʿһͬ޲ǧ
һȥˣûȵˣȥˡȥˡȥˡ
ʢȵȴûеȵҪˡ
޾Ԩʱ粻ͬƽʢ֪˶ãߵ޾Ԩ͸һΪʢд
ҪСǣҪСʹˣһǣӵо˫òܹΪȥǿ顣
ߵͷͷ̤޾Ԩ
һ޼ʵĳգھͷһϤӰòøӳһۣȻ˵޾裬ʲôʢת
ƽﻹʢ̫ûи˵ɤЩ
ûȵڣʢѾǰסǼǰϤ÷㡣
ƽǿžþδģڴʱ˿ƽ
С֮Ĺ;

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 162   
ƽʢȥʢĸۡ, ǵʱ꣬һ·ƽſŽʢ˵
ô˵, ˵˵仰ƽƽ, һʢ䣬ֳ˻ζĴˮΪʢͣ
һֱδɿʢǣ, šһ, һۣȻЩ
ؼҡʢ˵
ؼңΪնʹ, ÿ춼ʲô, ûһֱң˶ôˡƽɤЩƣʢĶ, С͵, ֪ʲôקקʢĶ⡣
ʲô
, ʢӵ, ƽЩ棬޵ĴĿ⡣
ʢȥ, ЩҿһһĻش
ÿնɱаΪϻЧ, ǧæµ, ʱϢ, һֱ룬ˡʦҪչͰ꣬ҹʦֻ˷⣬Ѧ޻ǣ޻һɢɳ屻˱֪١
ڻġѩȥ˽£ƺټǵ㡣
ʢڹ۲ı飬ûлشһ⡣
ǲǵùʲô¡ǵòģڵġʧˣЩĲȻҲʧ
ƽûľͷܿչȥʵ㻹ûлشҷŵ⡣
ߵľͷڻǱߣɳӵģһ䵭ûʲô飬ȴ˵
ʢĵޱϲãƽģһŵڣܺÿ
ǰÿˣȥȫ˴һˡһǼȴ䣬һȴʻá
ƽʢ۵ףĵһ㱻Ȫˮ󻯿ûзӦʢչǴ
ѵˮһ㣬ƽڰͲճʢϣò׼ˣȥҪʢס
ʢ䰴סҶɤԵܹͣ
ػ࣬ƽЩˣչȥһʢĴǣһһ£ûһ㱻ס
ʢ䵭Щѣˣھòסƽ΢ʹ
ûסƽԼϵȥʱǱȥġ
շȣֱǲҪ̫ƽʢ仳ۡûôϸԭΪǼ˱Ǻú´棬ڴϴ졣
ʢǲɢŵնʹղ˹ָúܿ죬ҪźʢĸۡתһȦ
ۡС涳ǱԵʢնʹ֮ףƺͦæת˸ۡķ䣬ȥʢ鷿Ǹֵ伮ȥңδ˶
ڵȫС˶顭ָС˶飬ƽֱҪ̫⣬һ֪Ϊ׼ġ
ֹС˶飬ȫӺСͼ
ȥһ䣬һһǽڶԸǵĲͲһۣСֽʢ֡
һǽдֻм֡
СĲˮ
ȻԱһСгµı־ƺͺԼȵġ
ƽģЩȣʣһ䣬Ǻþƺ͵ģ涼д֡
СľƣСĵġ
ϲػص䣬Ѿ˷Ը˵ĺͲˮԼС˶飬࣬ȵʢ΢
ʢ䷽ţƽ˹ȥҲûˣʦ֣ЩС˶ʲôĶǸģ
ûľͷڣʢڣ͸ŻϢﶼЦ⡣
ʢ䡰šһ˹ʱѾסȥϲ㿴ϲʣǲϲǸȥѡ
ϲҪˣ
ʢ˳ϲһʮƽۻңƺʢ֪ϲѡģ˸ʽġ
岻ұûнȥʢ俴չȥϲԽԽϲֻȲȰ׳ˡ
ƽҲܸˣϲ˿ǰģףһ¡
Ҫɾ㵱ӡ
ʢûгָĦβ׵ĵطβ÷ˮ֤ˡ
ƽҪѷˣȻҲôնںʢᣬһֱδʷ⡣
ǲùʣʱҲ֪˷һֻ꣬ԾƢõıꡣ
ƽʱ˿ڣ⣬֪ڣûʦ˵ģΪǶ֤ˡ
ûСĴ޾Ԩֻ֪ʢᣬһ仰δʹʱ
϶Ը⣬ˮƽһ֪ˮλãˮأ̻عˡ
ӵġ
϶Ը⣬ƽճˣм֤ˣʢǱûУʵֻ
ʢ䡰šһʱܴǻ
Ľʹڶʢ
Ŷƽʱʢۣմ÷㣬ʢ׵ʽԱ߿š
Ҫɹ٣ԭʢ䲻Ը⣬ʢһᣬʢͬˡ
Ҫӣǻȥ˳׵ΣɿҪƸģƽǸ⵰ǮʢƸ
Ƹʢģٻʢ䡣
ƸˣҪϲҪ磬ʢ仹ҪױĥһϣǿǿĶˡ
ҹƽʢ˯ʢСҧ䣬ԭǧǰЩ£Щϧʢʲôǵá
ʱλμ꣬ʢ䰴Ҷ˯ʵצһزˡ
ʢ䲻᲻صҧһڣɤͳǿޣҲǿޡ
ƽǰ⻰϶жڲʢĻǰҲһֱڿޣľͷһ޾ͻ÷ǳ˷ܡ
۲ˣʢƤûһգۣûһֲһˡ
˳׳ﱸ˰£һգƽͻϲģҪȥնʹǱߵפؽʢ䡣
һյ涳Ƿǳ֣֪նʹ˳ףеնʹڽϹ˺ɫĽ룬ƮۡƳ
ƽɹٲ±˿·ﶼڿΣ˾ӪԶ㿴ˡ
ǱʢҲȫ˺ɫĳۣȥϲ졣ʢ䴩źɫϲǧ˿ϸݵ֫ճͷסգֻҲܿһһˡ
ƽһնʹĿʹȤǣʢƥ˴Ľص˸ۡ
ۡﻹ񣬺ɫǣ˸ִһˣһأڶݸã԰ݣ˺ɽˮһꡣ
ƽ˺ͷ¶ɴס޾üˮīγһ㣬ܴ飬βԳ촽ݣϲĵòޣֻǿű޶
䣬䣬֮ҡ
ץʢ½ҪȸǸӡӣʢ䰴סʢһߵľƣ䵭ӳ˼ԣƻûкȡ
ƽЩȣƣӳʢˮһ
΢ζзˡˮߵǣһ
ƽ֪Ӧףʲôȥף
񳯲ǰ·³

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