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ղںլȴ뷱޹أΪӶ˵Ķӡ
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Сү衣Ӳһżȵӵ񣬹źһߵ˶ҽӽ
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4¡e
ѵʱŤͷȥڿϮڵ׽ۣԼӢ׺۾ٿð⡣
˵ôҲأԭһѽ
һֱڵӦǰʼǼ˺ĹԱס
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11¡Сϳ
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16¡ѩ
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һĬŮͻȻջ˽ѻûĶͱһֶֻסһֻͷ
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еҰèʵţƽסĳ˵ƫȥĸ͵ԵģԸ񽿺ȺҰèǹΪһ絲֮һиʣƴÿһֻºö׺ޱȡ
ЩֺܿͱץӵȫûһƤ⣬һϢڵϡ
ΧųѵЩҲĻﲻ⾪ţʧţɱü
ҲԽսԽ£ͬеķѩƻΪһ壬߲ϵº˵ʬ塣
ۼǱѾȫû־Ҳϻϵ֪ȥɱٳɹһ˱㴵ڣڴ򶷵˶˲֣˷ɢߡ
־ͷһ־ϵ˼ű£˸ȥ׷
ֳֳȵһڡ

ǸճȥڳһʬͻȻۡʱûע⵽ȻԾֳַذ׶ųѺ󱳴ȥ
һз̫죬Χ˷Ӧذѽӽѱġ
Զһֱעߵڿǡʬ塯ʱ۾ͻȻ͵ɴˡ
ǹ
žͼǡʬ塯ͻȻԾһذף׼˳ѡ
һգͫȻʱʲô뷨Ҳûˣֻڿն𣬶ǷԾȥ
˲䣬ϷʱŷŻ˶һĶ
ԾڿУë¹Ӷ䣬ȫһ⡣
ͬʱǰצӲצ⣬Ͽʱһһӡ
ʱҲ͹ȥһ˲
ǽ˫׼ԾƮһƷ˿ûд£Ӻĳɹվֵֻ֣һѽӽѱĵǰذףصʯϡ

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ݴǵĴ죬ֻ֪ܽӳסҵʹ߾֣£ë׵Ķݺ档
ֻһ췭ظŸеһײľʹ
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ױϳģҰƼѾˣ졣ǹųѣ˻ԴͼֻצôҲʹճ壬˵ڵء
յվãĺڷ䣬һѪﳤϵελ¡
ĺɫ΢΢ҲմѪۣ۵׵ıδɢĵŲ԰׵ӢȴҲ˲ֱӡ
һȳ־ģȻǰֻͷԭ񣺡£ˡĩˡ
ɹس˹촽´ųѡȫû˺ֻۣлȵۻӣһ˵ϡ
ʱҲ̽ͷһ󣬼ûΣգ촽ӷ𡭡
ĿΧɨһȦֻҪױϡ
СױվֻצӶڷŲббس̱ڵء
ֻױѩջصʣᲽ˹ȥ


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־ֳɼ, һϵʬ壬һѭźټȥ׷ӴܵĺˣһЩҰè
Ѿʧȥ, ҸѲ, Ұèץ˺ҧ˴Ŀġ
־ǲòߺȣֳܣյèǵĶõû, ̶İ죬Щèɢ㬵ǽͷ
ɾǽͷ, Ҳûȥ, Ƕ, ע·, һ˫˫۾ںڰӨӨ⡣
־һ߰˵ϵʬ, һµ̧ͷ, 
ϾЩʬ״Ҳ̫Щ
ҲҼֻèˡһ־ֱʬ, СԵ˵
ϱèҪ, һȥèЩҪźˡ

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˻һĨĳ, Ƕͬʱŵ˹Ϥζ
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һʱ֮е£׸ΪʲôԼôֱŵƬź۵ţǸԼҧָŷӦ
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Բ𰡣Ҳǹġ
ˣҲУᱩ¶Լġ
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ѵͷֻѩ׵СԼʹվڼû˺ʱͷһҧסԼָ
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İأϲǻһֻ
׿ʼںȺִʱѾˣڸȥԼû·⣬ֻ죬צҲŵ
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ҿиӣдҩᣬֽӷȲϣʼСƤë
ղԷСһ飬ϸʹж·̣ҲûˣǿԺúټһΣͿĨҩ
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12㻹һ



25¡ƽ
ڶ, ԪͷʱװͷεľϻϰԵҪ׶ѡһɿʣС, ֻõ, ˣûѡˡ
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, ڲܳ, ûд, ҪĲϡ
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, ױ鰸ǰһߺС̫ı, һŬͿĨ, ʱɡ
Ԫ, ڿԳȥ𣿡ùź, ۰Ͱ͵ʡ
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׻ϲصܣص֪ˡ
Ϧɽͷ׹δ׹һֻѩ׵СӼ䣬·Ǭ¹ķȥ
һøߴʱȻɲסšΪٶ̫죬ֻצǰһСأڲƺϳһۡ
ͷ֦Ҷïܵɿȥϵŵİժ
ÿλ幬ǰϴ·Ͳ·ᶪˡ
׽⣬ֵļǬ¹ЩϺǬ¹ĺ
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ŲԾ䣬һѳ׽ֻŰɫ£ǲѱˮʪ͸ڱϡ䣬Գļ
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нĻʹˣרʹΪҪһ¡Ҳûб£ֻÿ͵͵ԼһЩиʣȡţԣԵõ
Ѳɫع۲СķӦƾԼĲ²⡣
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״ʱ۷һ˫۾ε¶ݡ
̫ˣ̫ˣôʲô֪ҿҼȴֻΣȻᱻҾ׵ġ
ѿŴС̽Խʯ§ŵĿղ豭ʵҪ𣿡
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ˡ
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ͷĴȻЩȴ׾ú̲סۣ˲䡣
ѵͷû˿Ԥ׵أͻȻסԼǰ
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ǳЦ°ڴʯһǣٽ׷棺ˡ
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ЩѾ׵ⷶΧرסţǳ˵ûʲôʱ䣬Լߡ
Ϊʲôûʱˣûʱ䣬ԼҲһԵŲ
ЩίֻצӴڻŤͷһԡ
ѲûпעӵúԶеĳһ㣬Ƭ̺иܵܡ
ٿתͷСɵ촽ţֻ۾ǡ
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Ҳôһű뿪ʹǹͲ̵ҲôСûˡ
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֪û˵˼˹󣬴Ҷ˵ûˡ
û˾Ҳţţţһѻɽ
Щû˵Ķˣ޵ĵܵܲ˰ɣΪʲôҲûˣ
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ɿǰ壬ҪԾԱʱ, ѵСף
绹ڣ
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ܰ, ֮ǰ͵Ҹ磬Ҫ𣿽, ΪʲôҪأ
ǱӰ, ˵, Ҳο͹ͷ޵, ֪, ֻǿѡ
ͽǹץ, ӵԶԶģҲŸ硣
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Ѫ𣿰Ѫѽ
ֵü˹ΣȲͣŲ·߲һֱߣȴȻһϵëԽըԽһ˶ѹӢ
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ͬ§һ𣬸оõöࡣ
Ƭ̺󣬹޳ס֦èһɧ״Ӻ﷢һͺ𣬲סǲӴܣֻԼһ
ȻҰèҪܣҲܵģǻҪܵÿ졣
¹ܺã޵ȫյıԹΪʲôҪôԲͲƶ治
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27¡㿴ʲô
޳, ٿתͷȥȴûĻֻ첻ţƺһֱ˵Сè
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ʵʲô⻹ǸСء
Сèè
, ǵģЩèȻҲǡ
Сè, Сè
, è, ǿ˵
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ɾʱ, ͻȻͣ߶忪ʼ΢, ղűǰ㡣
׺ɵؿô, ͼӾ, µ֦ڻ졣
ǶòǱŵ÷, Ǳʲôס, ٽҡΡ
Ұè, צӵҲ, ץµɡ
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ٿվŵ˰벽ԱһֻҰèβ͡
໣
ôˣôˣҪ˰
ҰèǷ׷ʱ޵쳣ӦȻֹȻͷֱֻ۾شԡ
׾ؿ֪ڸʲôͼ̧ͷš
˫۾ﲻһƬãǳɭֻֿ죬¶ɲЦ
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׸һܣȴ־ﲻԾæһͺסЩҰè
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һǱˡ
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ڵڶʱˬʢź󣬴СڣǳɫĳͬɫϵϵխխԪϸϸУš
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СŮʱҴǰߣ߳һκֻͷ͵
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λѸߣѾǴȥְڼꡣݴ飬ݴ飬ڶԺʷղ¸ղµĿȱ飬ʵѡ
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˫ϲĥţ;䱻˳˳һʵڶߵ͵𣺡㣬ð
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λͦһֱƣ΢ÿŨüָߵη֡
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˵ݵͷ˵мͷվʾͬȴǵĻ߾δһҡĹ֮ܺ£Ժ˵ɡ
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ֻһɫҰ׷Скſڳѱϣֻ־ʹͷ
ǸʧĹޣ
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׾ָָŹޣʶҪгȴһԵ˫ϲۼֿ죬׶صʲô֪ò𣿡
챻ס۾ȴֵصɵϴƴʾתͷȥ˫ϲʶͷۣܻصҪȥ⳯Ϻ֣³˲˵ҲҪǣˡ
׸ϽҡͷȥҲȥ
˫ϲʣ㻹
׿һǹޣֿ˫ϲһͨ죬ҡͷʾˡ
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׿൱Ĺ죬رǳЩҲ޶ãû˭ʾ˿ȡ
ûϱ˸ûһܿ
̲סȥ˳˫ϲӣ˫ϲͷصʣ
ܿ±Ÿ𣿡׼˫ϲ˵ѭѭյ㿴Ǹޣеףڿȥס
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Ҳ֪ʱܾȥҪȵϳʱ˵
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⺢ӡɹȥȴʱˣͳżɳƣɣԸĶĶ˵ת޵š
ǽȥ߱߶Գɹͣ˰ɣѾͬˡ
ۼ׷ɿؽ޵ţɹֻջ֡
Ҫȥŷ˵㲹ƷԽԽãҲԽԽҹܻҹԡȰ˱ºöΣǸŵĶɱ˵ٹգڻ⡣
ҲܹȰ˵ֻڳʳ϶¹ڱ֮ͨǰȷ岻ᱻĿա
Ҳ֪Ҫգ²Żɿڡ
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ó̱ų켹˳ӣڳ˳Ѻףûˡ
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һøߴľǿľƬ̺̿һֽëʳӺûпһۣǸ͸ġ
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̧ͷ磬ȴڿŲҰ׵ʶɿƿߡ
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ΪҪǧְĹϵͲˣյĸϣԺͻָոǸ



28¡ܿ
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۾Уʵܿ
ܰƳһۣ̫ѿ, Ҳ뿴Ŀתƴ⣬϶ģѿ
ѵĿϬ, ׻ͷ, ʣ⻰˭ģ
, û˽Ұ, ĺѿġ
ʵ˭, ˵Щ֮ܿĻ˻, ̧, ë, ˦˼ī֭°ϡ
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Ǳ˱, Ҳҽ̵ġܶ˵أ˵СèСèҳһŽֻѹί
С̫æƿţȷ۵һ졣
ȥŭУ۾ɶףͷҲصغȵ
С̫æ˳ۿתҲᲽȥ
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Щ㵵̧ͷڶЦ
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Ƣͦ󰡡Ѵĺףת
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߱͵ͳ仰ǴǻƵģ͵͵Ĺײ֪һûôˡ
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˵ʲô
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Ϊ˵øϸЩƵ࣬˺־ضǹޡ
˼ɫӣмСӣҲǺɫģкɫԲšϵЬӡţɫĻԣݡ
ѱ鵭ģЩתͷ
ȴûע⵽Щǹ޵Ĵţʾ֭
һֱſŵĹޣʱȴֱĿնעǰϹŵǿ񣬱Ķһԣչǰ
֮ǰʱҹɫٺҲûƵúϸڲŷϵŷĻƣϽǻиСڡ
ϴһдֶĸ֣дǡ׸ϵЩ֣Ҳſڵдǿ񡣡
Ա߻ŻԣǻҶֻϱиڣǱȱİɣ
һֱɫԽԽףתӱͲ֧ʣպ̨Ĳīд˰ֵֽʣհ״һͼ
һһ̲סشս˿ǻ״󣬾ʵ㻭ǿ㿴ü
ѱʼ˶٣ɿдĸ֣ꡣ
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Ҫȱ𣿾׺ĵظ㣬λûдġ
ѻûж°͵ᴦúܽǱʼڿ΢΢˾Ѿһ
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ԣ㻭һģһ׾ϲ
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æʷŻرͲ־ȥī֭ߴϧôãѽѽ
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29¡ȥ
ûо, Сų˹ûоʲôˣ㵽˳ϡ
ֵߺ, ״ӳӷ϶, Щݸ˶ŵˣС̯Ϲ﷭⽣ⷷ鿳Źͷ, ˤ˵ϡ
꣡
ûסЦתͷȥѡ
ѱĿڳϣѾ, ޱ鿴, ض㿪, ⡣
ֻ, Юվ, ǰ˼, ٴ˫˫ڵ, ײ·ߵļ
׾ס, Ҳڸǲסۣȥѡ
ȻǸޱ, ĿŨŨľ档
ƴ̣ò׽ǹЦǿѹס, Ҳȥ, ֻſǰ
ֻǸղĻܻ䲻ͳ, һͻᷢһꡣ
һʱ, ޿̵غǳ⣺ٷһ, ͸ȥ
תͷŭ, ĬضƬ̺һ
ҲﲻסˣŶӱһЦˡǡˡ
ųԽԽڵɫЦᵹ˵̺ϣԼȥ
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ûüǰ泵Ͼ꣬˫ոŵأͲǰʻˡ
ɹӳкͷɥ꣺幫ӣôˣ
ýżһСʯӣ޸ˡ
ɹҲûЦ˳ӣǾһɡ
á
׺ͳɹںϣҲЦˣֻšɹϻȡһ÷ݸһӲŻᵽׯϣѾˣЩ档
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һźҶ㣬̾طúðĺúð
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޽Żأۻʵչ, ǵɽȻγɵϡ
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Сӳԥػص, ʮձ룬ֻ޹ʱиۡͬС֮⣬ûκ˽ꡣ
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ѵ£ȥ̲óڴǽʳ
ڴǵֶ˽֪û˭󲻹ԹԽɸԸȥʼ«⵹΢ϴθٻؼңһ׼ˣ˵΢һ٣ƵĻꡣ΢˵˵
˵ʲôѶһ˹ȥ
ŷ˺ݣɳɣ߹˲˼һѪ
˵԰˳Ĺأ֮˺ˣұ㣬ұ㽫ٰҸˣ꣬˸ʱĽ££ﳼǱģ¡
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ؿڵʹ˵˵Լ涥ڵĵӣﳼû˵ʲô涥ڣȻ汾µģЩ
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ȷʵķѩǷƷи㣬ǺĹźĹڷ롣
ĺǰסĹϵİֻĹű¶һ˸ߵĺڶ
һɱķӶоų¸ùζѶԱһ֣ӡ
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ѽĹҺ󣬾ϵĻӣ˶ʯݣ
ʱҲڿ쵽ꡣôãۣҲ˲Լ񹷣ͷش
׼΢Ъһŵ˿һ̵ζɽ˹
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ˣϽ˳Ѫζǰֱһ󣬿һƽ
ƽǰ棬һʮʬ塣
ѪζŨصѬˣ׻ڿв׽˳ѵζúܼȶЩŰŤŤǰߡ
˽ŷ֣Щûи硣ǸŸЩˣʿķΣǺɫۡ
ǸأȥĶˣ
С鶯űڿţѪ̫̱ǣŲųѵζԱʯ·һַɿسʯס
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Уڵĺ¶ǣվŵһͻȻŲȣĸշסһҲҡ£ֱ
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Ƴվţϵ˸סڱǣֱƮһɰ̡
ʱҲͻѣΣγѩ߿ڡ
ЩȫˣֻһúڽסǵĻվţԭҲ˵ֻӵնһƬ½ϵԺͬʱǹҩѹסһ˿
ΪվĹһξ룬ò࣬ǿܳһӡ
վûȻ֪Ҳ㣬ȴŶʵ۵η壬ֻճվڣǰ
Ҳ֪ȥóѵϢƳҩԣһоͶһˡ
һȸԼ׳𳤽Ҫǰ塣Ȼûһ졣
ͷԼ͸İؽ⣬һãȻ۾˵ڵء
þȫݳһֻ˵˾¿߱Ҳֲס׻Թȥ
ߣǶߣ
ĹڴһݵӰζһ½ˡͬʱײĹĲֽڽսС
ʼվڹľûշѩơʱϢתȻûڵҩԱƳȥԱͷԵѡ
֪ҹζĵҲϻͶųѳȥ
˳ʯ׷ɿϣոս԰ţߴСֻͣһ˲תߣԽϡķ󣬾ͿһȺڴеˡ
һ۾ϳϤףǸڸߵȺˣûȥЩ˴ܣֻŤͷѰҳѣȴûǵӰ
ЩڴܣǸȥĶˣ
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ⱪϴľӽϮʱһȺҰèȺ͵ϮĹ˺˸䣬Щ˵ıӺӣʱûҵ
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ע⵽ԱϿ˸Щ˺ͽ꣬˭Ҳ˭ȥΧڶƴһ
ԭ궴ˣ
ڶſڵֻǰһһӰͲȲ࣬ʧ˶
Χųѵļˣкأֻ㹥Ҫճضֻ˳˲񵲣ٿ׼һյȴ񵲡һԲӦ䣬ƶ
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΢˫һ˫۾û˷ɴֻøйȥжΧ˵Ľ
һƾϮҲ̧ؽһ
ϣ
סͬʱ˳յֻҷһ˵š
˱һҽУѪǰӿ˵ϡ
ѿҲˣɴбָŵ棬ԭû
ʣµ˼ⳡﻹЩʼɣô͵ϳ塣
Ϊ˼״˻ǲܽնɱˣȥҲǸԼŰ졣
˻һӣ¶۾¶⣬һͬʱбУӸųѴȥ
Լ˵ΧѵͻȻ޷Զڼձߵķ˿Ҳʼ衣
񣬵ȵľǴ˿̡
һʱҪһƵУնڵ¡
ǽǶȻЩ˵ĹʽһжļƻΧڡ
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˲䣬ʹöݵʧȥ֪еĳҲܿƵص׹ء
ϲ⣬źȥۿҪɱĹС
ɾʱһӰþǹιһ硣˸ʶʲô;۾һҰͻȻһƬڰ
ţʹвŴ۾ﵽԲ
˼ͬʱҽУеıҲʧȥ׼ͷԭųѴȥģҲǰӰԾһײı˷
צغ漴һĿ׺ݵ¶϶Щˣһŭĵͺ
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31¡º
ʲôһ˵Ѫ, ֻ۵ųѣ˻ϣѾˡ
, ѾſڵĴ, Իִ˹
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ۿѳԼս˷ѩβܲ, ׼ӭͬʱ, þȫᵶ
Ȼʯٵķʽ, ̿ڵ¡
ȴʱԾ, м̿ȥ, צػ˵, ſ, ݺҧסм̿͵
ҽͬʱ, ̿ƤⷭƼɭɭ, м̿ڳصͬʱһֻҲץס, Ҫ衣
ҧúܽ, Լӳɳ״Ҳɿ, ˦Դ, ﷢ص, Ǵ̿ͷĲҽС
Ǵ̿ͳ, Ƽϵĳ˸ͷ첲ϵŵȥ
̿гֱֱѡ
ýеѩȴһǶҪý׵Ĵ̿ȥ
죬һطĽûţͬʱٽҪ׵Ĵ̿ͣҲеȥ
ϵףˤ˵ϡ
ڵϷ˸ʱƼǴ̿ͽӳϰγʱŭ־壬ֱӴӵϷȥ˲צǴ̿ͷ
ѪӿСѩ׵ƤëϽһ㡣
ֱӾǴ̿ͼϣ˫צͣ裬һֻŭСΪС˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǵ̿ͷ˸ûٵѪ«
ˡˡ׶Żع񣬴Ӵ̿ͼ£嵽˳ǰ
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ҪҪ
޷ûҪǲС˼ͣСֱ֣׵صûµģҲġ
ˣҲ
ĹڴĴڳкͼĹ꣬סһѾ̵ǧٿףȴҲǰ˶ſڡ
СףȥҵĵѱͣŹײĵʯ̨Ͳţ׻ˡ
תͷƼǰѵǶһ̿͵Ĳϣæܹȥ˫צסһΣٵ˻
ѴСӹѩ˶ңֻΪЩؿڽ˴ʳѪˣŲŲһ·
űٶѪ˼аѪǸģʱ﷢Ų鸡ֻҲߵбб
ѽ˶ңҲֲסؿʯ»͵͵Сףǽϡǽϵʯ¡
͸ĵƻԵʯиԾҧסֻ档
زûקʯֻצץסʯٶ١
ʯм׷أʯͻȻأͬʱһƵ죬һǧʯźȻ׹£Ŷ˸ʵʵ
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׻ŻϣڿлתȦ⻰Ͻ䵽ϣСѡ
ȻûйߣӰԲĽɫ飬ںڰŷꡣ
ѵʹģ󣬽Ų
˿ô
漴Ͳ˲ԾСϢúŨأڿзţѹס˸ϵѪζ
Сˣ
໣
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ʹ֢ĥţԼС۵ĺһƬԺʱֻһ뷨Զ㡭Զ㡭
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֮ǰʹ֢ʱһлָǹϢŰӿǰһ·£θ뵤
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Ī׺СѹǹϢ
װѲֵСϻȥڳŵĽϣﻹѪΧ۶Ⱦʪˡ
Сצ½˸ƤڷĳѻعںڰԼ°ڣ˺һ鲼
һüҲû˺ŵ˿ڣ͵͵˻һ
׿˺ϵĶʱ˼
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ѿ֪ڸԼȻѾֻ֪СѰĴĻǱٴ𺳡
СҪܱ˵Ļõö
׽ú󣬴һᣬؿڱѹȣ˼
뽫ɵ㣬Ѳͼֻֽ̧צס˾ֹסѪˡ
ױסצӣצֵض˶Ϊòſֲ֡Ųֻë׵Сצ׷ٶ̽ķš
£סƣֻСצס
ڳ£ʱ̽ͷȥס˿λã･ֹѪİ˺ܶࡣ
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ѵĺܼ٣סצӵֱֻ΢طŲ

׿ѵ˫Ȼţûнؿſĳһ㡣ɫȻɺܰףҲǴʹеģ
Щǣڳѵֱ¡
գ۾ѵĴɳܻһЩֵֹĶжʯǲͷǽЩӵޣ㳤󡭡Զˡ
ӺС棬¶ܻþżţд˺ܶ¶ŵӴҲϳ档
ѧ·ߵҲ̫ȣˤӣһΰѳˤȱһС飬ȥ˼ɽܵ·˳ҴŹһһҹšʱѾŵഽף˵Ҳˣɽֺ䣬̫ˡ
䣬Ž죬Сžͱģҹ˯ҪӡûӣǼɽﻹڣ䡣𡭡ô˯š
ѵ촽ڲѴѪ˿ۿӿ˳ӴŴŵػ䡣
ΪԼںڰУֻһֻˮЩ꣬߸˵κͿʹһһ߳
Ϊ긽ϣǹָǰûкúöûûдĴ棬ҵĲԣҵĴڵĹһܺңҪͷңǶӦܵġ
һ˲˲ضųѣרעţɬ
Ǹͷ˵ޱ˿ˣκʹ࣬׾类һֻץסٺݺݾšѪ
Ұ̵ôΪʲôûܱΣأұץߣΪʲôҪӲĵطصúúõģΪʲôҪ
ʹʳ˺۵ޣ˵ҹ¶ƤëЩѪģ˿ںʹ
ײ֪óѺùһЩֻܲͣϵˮȫһƬ̡
ǱװľҲ֪Ҫ˵ĶȥΧһƬڣÿҪһֱǱߵľ䣬˺ܾãֱ󽥽ûľ󱻴ʱ˶Ѿˡ
ÿ˯ҪƣҴںڰһ𣬾ͻýߴľ飬飬ҵͷҪըѵĺǱһɳӣٵشϢţʲôסܡ
ѵ̫Ծ̧ͷȥȻɫȴϸܵĺڶͷϣظǲ˳غ
ѺԽԽ٣۾ʹرϣһֻֽ׵צӣһֻֿסԵʯ棬εزš
ºڣǣ߶ҵĳͷҡӦܵġڶ϶˵ţľ䣬ߵúôСס߸磬ʹ࣬ܣȴΪûκΰ취
ϸȥȴûκźʯڣ򶷵ĶҲ
ݿʼս̫ˣƣ٣ѵƵϡ
ơ׻һȦʲôûУʯҲûеơŷӦȻںڰһˣƵĻʲôҲ
ɣȻèҲ䲻ѽ׷ˡ
ƺ䣬㽫צӴĳֻ̽ǰצ§סӣͷѡ
ҶƤȡůҾƤãůġ
Ѳ˸ůС壬ʶ̧§ȥ׽ͷѲ˲䣬ȵıϢ˴ϡ
ߡߡֱۻ
С壬ƺص˴ǰĳߣһȥ԰÷
ѩ磬ѵãƸĳ߱ڻ̤źĻѩ԰ȥ
磬Ľӡ
磬䲻ѽ
磬㿴úЦ
һ紵ߵͷѹԼϣ罫ס߾Ͱؿѣë׵ķ˿࣬ȺϢСů¯
ߡѱףһα۽ǻš
װɳ§ԼĲڽƽϢƺôˡ
ʱţڵʯһһôţû˭Ҳû˭һ˿
꣡
Աߵʯŷһ˿
׿ڳѻ˯ˣ󣬶شԾµأ˼ķ̬
ҲعڵţץסԵķѩվ
꣡
ʯŵĶˣһ˿ӵײ͸˽
ѽ⿴һԵС򶨵ص£ӦǽѾЩ̿Ʒҵ˲ڰʯſء
ˣСǰ
ϢһѾָ˲ԾĲǽӦҲܽСͳĹҡ
죬ͻȻסӳȼ۽ȥվǰ棬졣
ת𣬳صʯŻϣһëըƴ˵̬
ʯһ߶ߵλʱͻȻǰһڣͷвϲѴͷȥֵǰֳǰѷѩȵվš
ƴ˵£ֻñжϡ
ûŲԱȥϤѾ˽£
ʯźȻ򿪣ƻ˶ңѻߵſڡ
ƹϣճߴûʲô飬ָֻĮϵĵۻʡ
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ص, ̿ͲֱɱŵҲԾٶȺܿ죬ס
ܲ𣿡
ĵ»ȥ, ֻǡͨģӦҲֽš
ڻվż־Ϊ׾ǰ棺, ĩ̫ǲ, ־, ĩ, ñܾˡ
̧̧, Ҫ˵, ͻȻֵͿ, ע⵽ǰ۴, ʱɫһ䣬־ͳͳ, ҽٿ촫
ڵ־Ͻܣȥ֪ͨҽ١
ҽٽ, ˺ĺ־ͳ, ˶˳ȥ, ˳㽫ϵʬҲߡ
ѵ, ¶ʵϰ, ڶ˽о, һҽٴ˿ڣһųͳĻ㱨
Ҳź˵ģ̫ӵɹĴѶ󣬼̰ձ֮ǰķԸ֣Ҳ̫ƽͬλʵʵ
üţƹ⽫Ӣٹյø壬ݷ̺ǿϵƤһůɫ˿ޣ⻬͡
׾Ͷĵϣһ˲˲ض˿Ѿˡ
ӹԼСü
СԭѩϾƤëϣմ˺ɫǵ㣬ϵëҲ߰㡣ǶСѾѣ͹˲ϡ
ģȡһɾʪ
ǡ
ѵ˿ڿˣʵû˵ҪҽϹҩ򵥴󣬷Ը˺һЩעֽعҽˣ˳ȥ
ѲǺԼƣؽڼϣųͳӹĵӣ°ͣ
ײ֪ԼʲôǺܹԵȥ
ѽ⿪ϵϵһԣžһֶסףһֽӺϣɷ˵һꡣ
ѽѽѽۡ
СԸĹ˦Դѳ־ܴ󣬽ͷģοҲ̫³˿ֻۣñš
£ɡĿСᵹЩվȣĳѻὫհõ˿ѿ
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ʵǲԼ־һνСǣʱˣһھҧϡ
һԵĺĺͳͳ죬ŵҪ
޷ֹǡ
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ѿһ޿СȻû϶Ƿ˺ܶࡣ
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ĿǾľף֪Ҫһ׸ǣֻԥһ˲ͳͳһ˳Ĺҡ
ҲųȥȴѾסƤë𶯡˵ԱߵڣСϡ
Ķᣬϵ׾ϵãڵλãڼϵ۴ãǾ߹餡
ӳѸղڶҵĻѾ֪ɵľܵܳߡȻ¹ȴˣοǳѵĵܵܣҲȥ
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һӹ͸ʯڣ¶ƺȻ½ࡣ
վڳѽűߣͷڵ˲䣬ͫؽҧ򥵽Ҳúܽһ˫ÿ۾Ӳ̵ѹǷıŭ
̲סԾʯ̨סľ￴һ˫۵ɵùԲϵëըɫĺǶͣ
ֻľһ߲ĺǣһڹ׵ף¶һС۹ǣѾжѣȫ£һֵܴţؿλûһŻƷ
Ⲣ׸е𾪣𾪵ǣǺǴź͹һ·ڵ׺ŻСӣһݵЬӣǾҲһϽȱһС飬ɫƬϵӣĸ֣ǿ

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ԱŲŲһ۹ޣֿһ۳ѡ
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źѰòϾͨɣ˿ȾذɫһýŸͼȴǹ߳ĻһΣǿŽɫǡ
ѽ￴˺һŷŽУƶԱߵĹ׸ǣϡ
߰ɣȥˡкԱߴҳףͷҲصشĹȥ
Сצӣಽؽ
Ĺ⣬̿͵ʬ嶼ϵһԣ־Ⱥţʱ㵽Զļ޹ҲСܻã廨ڵϣڸղ˫ƴɱˣȻѪ
ߵǰĿⲻһ˿¶ȵظȫŶһĶҷ
𣿡ȡӣһǴͷ
ѵ̧ͷȥصر£Ӳ¹ٵģ¹ٴû
ûһߵ˿ϣٻش𡣡
ҽжں亹ػ䣬ͻȻˣʱ귨º󣬾ҪˡɽߵɽţͻȻ˵жĹҪȥáѾڵĹٱˣֻǽĹܼͳȥٻͷĻضɣȰˣһͷȥóСɡɺһ˲ҽȥ¿¿־ò˽ĹңͰ¸ˡӦþġ
ǰʡ
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ҹûУ
Ҳҹ
ʲôģ㵤Σ޻
תͷȣ׼ī
йٱбīһԵ޹Ѿɱȥǵפȡī
Ϊı޹ٺϧᣬһĹ٣ܵһƵģ̶˲ϢѾ׵ľ˸أﻹűīֽ⡣
򱻽⿪ſڵϻ֪ԼкýֻβҪǣˣ˻Ӳȥ
ܿͻˣĽչڳǰҲͷȥ
ƷӣɻˮƽУһ۾СɮԾȻֽϣߴһǳǳ˰Ҳɼ
ѳĬעǻƬ̣ƿߣֽתʿǿˣ


ĽպãɭȻȥûʦġڴطѴ˸ҳ
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Ѵʿǽ·ãĹǰվƬֱ̣ײԴȥȣŵͷףٸڻ
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߳ͻȻӳعǰ
öӳͷȡĳ
һöɫҰܵڵأ¾Ȼһ̲
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ɽ󣬵ɽʱȣ״סֻ¶˸ͷ
ϵϢŨŨѪζȻֻӣʳ⣬ҾѪšɵϴζʱȻȥҲ
ΪˣɽѾϳʱһԵĽȥףܾˣôף
źëƤӣѽ׷ԣԼ͸עԶɽ
ɽϵĻ걻ľڵסˣֺֻܿŵļⶥ
ѿźһֻֻͷϣֻɫЩʱͻȻλ˻ΣһѪ
ѪǵɫëƤϣ˲Ϳˣȴһؾʹſŵĵվ
û£޷û˵ȥߵѪתͷףͷ³ɿˡ
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ޣˣҪôֱϢɡ
ѿС˼΢΢´˳ӵȥȴСǰצġױֻŸŲҲ˳ſͷλá
΢ۣĴָᲦŪС棬ȴ֪СͻȻһ飬צѸȴѸץס
𶯣צôˣҿ
ֳצõǰϸơղСʱûвצӣŷǷ۵˺ۣмӲƤ˺ɫѪ˿
ǴӾǸһ·𣿡Ѵʱ⡣
СͻȻĹѨУ͵͵ӾꡣüʮСӦóĽ·Щɽ׷ٶһ·ļ֪
ǰҪţ͵͵ȥʱܻץһ٣ٽϻȥҪԼ׷ģû׼Ҳ
ţǴӾǸһ·𣿡ָ׵°͡
ױ첻˵
СתǲӵģͻȻ̾˿ҲûʲôĺķԸ䡣
һ͵ݽһɾİ׽һմҩƿ
ҸҩܻЩۣҲ׼ҶüԸСȴ͡
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צƴӽԼһţȴѾסһ˹
໡ڿŤ˼£ѷʹĳͣ˶
𶯣ѽڻεҩƿӣҪצҩ
ױסצӣҲƴ½ϵĽˣֻֻ۾ֵضצӣ﷢໵ļ



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, ʲôҲ塣
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ڣҩƿһЦԷǵؿŻھּеСεʣ첻µزµ, ҩ𣿡
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ҩצʱ, ׽еþ͸ɱƵ, žͷʵʹ, ֻеЩ΢Ĵ, ס
а, ôˣѵͷҩ, Ҳ̧ʡ
ѸֻצӶϹҩ, ϸĵò, ֻСӣŽСԵϡ
С, Ľ̯ſţһһϢģ, Ȥ, °˼¡
ջֵʱ, ֻСѸ, ָסˡ
ױǼӵú, ۷Ƥ, ųѵԼ°ϸ飬ʾҪͣ
С⸱ܱģƺȡ˳ѣǻ﷢һ͵͵Ц˳ӵָС°ͣЩ̻ʹͱߣҲɢࡣ
СףΪʲôôãʱܻ֣ǲȹ㣬ģ
ʱҲ̫͵͵ĻӣЩﱨĹ£Ҳв١δֻСʱͻȻðģһεľݲ˼롣
Ҳһٶһ£;ֻСҲ˵
С⻰ֻƤһֵۣԱߵС̺һǸסǸһëСۡ
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´ˣҾûоȹǰɣͣסȻʧЦ
С̧צ˲ֻ֡
˵˵Ҫͣ
û˵ȴûͣһֱ
ױһ·ĹһʵѾˣɵڳԣḧţ˯ǵϯҪ˯ʱͻȻղŻʱûй˵ѧèУǿſڣһ໡
Цص˯ɣСè
˯ú㣬ֻ˯˶Իһ㣬ԺҪ˯ѵ˶
ׯһ£ȥ׽ӳһعˣѲҲϡ
ҡʲôѽҲ˯Щٶ۵طӦ仰ͻȻһѹ
ѽèСףױӦûׯģҪȥס
ѾͣѷԸշӣͼԱ߰ӰһСǴӳŷٴ˳ȥ
Сףæӳ̽ͷ
ںԼôͣ£ֻׯӷɱæҪȥ׷ϣȴֻסǣˣϲȥ׷ˡ
ˣһֱСֱСӰʧԺ󣬲Ȼ
ܵԼ·ǿ£סûֿʼ»ŷԼצϻŰ׽
æ׽ææҴϣҲûںϲÿȸٱ಻
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ǵġ
ׯűׯⶼ׼̤㣬ԵҲȫأסòͷˣ˫ֺʮϲصƶɮʵﶼ޵ģӷ𡣡
ûˣȥׯĲƺϿճžײ˻Żŵס
أˡæ
˵˲žòףֶһ죬ŵʣ磬ѽ𣿡
ǶЩҲû⣬˸󣬾ʹͲȥ
·ųɳУҲ˴·ֱߵΨһǼǰȥ
Ѷʱû׿Ҳȣ£ȥһ㣬ƨɱȽϴ󡣡
üͷ۾ȴʶǲλƳۣٳ⡣
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ϳҪ㻰ϣƤ
粻ԥϽ˳ŵĳ˸̧ͷʱ׾ȻţĴΪ𾪡
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һ˼⣬ѾʩߵĿƣḽǼʩƷϣýǼƷҵܳȻǡ
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֪Լ³˼ʩһ˳ᣬ;͵ƳףһλмŻʵۣһֱ׳Ϊ𾪡
֮ǰû̫ϣ˿̲ò¶λһ
־ͳһֹ쳾Żʹǰ
类һͷĻңɳѵҪܵģͿһƥϻǣһƥ˵ͷһϲ뽫ס
ɻûڣúͻȻץסգһ˲Ѿºһƥ۵ϡ
ǱµҲȥ⣿
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׸ղ˯һ¾ãȴǿаסͳ˵ĳ嶯û
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𣬿һҪ󣬲ʲôæҶ㡣
ҪǸ޻ûа취쵽
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׼ûӿȸ𣬺ĵصҪ˼ãиԻүүɽϲɵĹӣд⬵룬ÿҶܸˡѹȸ
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ЩӲ״˴㱾ͺѹһֱڷңֻ㿪һ㡣
⸱ӣͻȻû۾λϡ
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ҵëҵ°ͣӵôġҾͻ˸ģ˵ͷ
Ϊèëëô˭
Ժ󲻸ˡ
׺뷢ȴˣֻܰ߶߶ʵǲƽйߵؽȸڿгú졣
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׽ȸһҲˣȥ͵͵ѡ
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ϦббսڳѵĲϣγɫر빬ĴγɵͨＱߣžǧ֮Įɭֳڳϼޡ
ĹЩᣬƺֻ׵һƫֻϵĵɫѪۣ֤һеȷ
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һ˼Ǭ¹ǰʱѾżŮǶ߻һȺ̫ҽ
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Ҳʣ̣֮ǰعҸԪ̴𣿡
ѾȥԪˡ
˵˽һׯ𣿡
˵
Ӹأ
Ҳ˵Ԫš
һЦҾͲˣȥ
ɹ
Ѳܿ죬ںǸȸԵһֱû̧ͷԲû
ĵǿˣֵһᣬͺϲѽ§ڻһȸҲû⡣
ϼӭؿڴѪɫ䣬غ̫ҽ
ѻ½Ųû£ǵƤˣ̫õġ
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һ磬̫ҽĶԻ֪鲻Ǻأ˿תͷȥˣ߾˲ϡ
ûһǺУ²죬࿴˼ۡ
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ס΢΢ſ죬źĽǺеųȥ
ܻȴֲҷ̫ñַȣȻǱȴҲֵǰ˱ӷ𡣡
ڰϻعסֿվڶףʣСӣʲô
׳ʵƯһ˫۾籦ʯ㴿͸ϴ¶̾
׵̬Զ˵ᣬЩŮ˾͸ˣһʣɵػص㣬ҽףǸס
û뵽Ļش΢΢ҲΪ裬ֻЦװסˡֶŵĹŮ幫ӿ
ˡѵ
Ѿҩõش߳ϻһ֧ȸֶϡ
ȼ̫ҽҩ뿪Ƥ۹ؾվŵףˣ幫ͻ幬
һͼˣæˣˣҽԲȥģҸԪ̴ţ˵һׯڻȥ˵㻰𡭡
Ŀע鿴ȥûпأԽԽС죺ȥͻȥ˭ϡﰡԽԽˣҲŲ
ţ
˵ھͻȥزΣգæǵظĿڣܺ棬
ţ߼תһкˣˡĹŮҲûŹСˡ
ǹⲻȥѡ
ƺ泩ЩһС̫࣬첽˵š
Ͽ׵ӰʧſڣȻʧЦʵλСҵǴûڹǡ
ӿָ赭дصһ˵Ķӡ
Ը˵Ҳûжʣɹ֪Ҫ̸̶̫ǲˣֻԵһŮ

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34¡һ
Ź, ϵЦʧ£ճٽһ˵, ͰƽҵĲ, ־»ΧٽϷأرǿס̫ڵĳûзʲô춯
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ϳ, ʣ, 쵽׷ʲô, ΪͻȻȥꣿ
Ѹ²豭, ϶£û
˵, ҲߣƬ̺, Ѻһ, ɤڣϽ, ߵʬǱ˷
ʬǱ֮»Ȼ, µӱ϶, ֨һ̶졣
Ϧɽ, ҹĻʹ׸ֳֵС̫࣬ڻ幬·ϡ
ǰ·ƫͬƽŽգ̨ϵ̫Ҳڡ͸ҰݵĸǽƼĳηٻƹӰĳ
߹ƫǰ幬ͣ½ŲС̫˵ллһؼҰ͵ɣˡ
С̫಻˳Ӧˣԭ̤˻С̫ıӰʧ·ͷٿԱߵ֡
׵ǿ£һֻɫСƵּСϡ
׾ãȻԪ˵˽ȥǾͲܻȥԲ˵Ҫ㻰
ҲȥǶϾսߣšֻСצӣǲ֪Ǹǰ
ߵ̵أҪצһ񫣬ǴƫʱһԾ˸߸ߵǽͷ
׻ǵһǽΪͦסǸŮˡ´ϰԵıĸߴŷӦС鲽ǽͷϿߡ
ƫס幬࣬һԺӣһŷӡֻԺӱ幬ˣӲݣҲţֻһŵơ
һ϶סǸҹɵŮˡ
ҹɣΪҹԹǸ̫}ˣȹҲò˶١
ҹվڴ̨ϵһֻҹɣŵһʱ䶼ҿ
ϲһгúÿģ˳ҰèĿķãиղڱĴ㡣
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ޡڿɲҪתͷŶ
״ҴܹǽͷԾµأֵ֪Ǭ¹ǰļɽԡ
Сڼɽԣŵ룺ҽмҰèˣҰèһȥ棬ҰèȥƯ硪档
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ȴֻһСöܱΧĳиǹ
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ˣңҰèǲңû취ֻȥҴˡ
׸Լҵ˳ɣжǬ¹Сȥ
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̧ۣȻؽӹϸ꣬ԵĹŮæƽЩ
Ķģʵ
Ҳûߵʬҵģ򽻴ȥɮµġ
һøϸرǸɫ״ơŷ֣ͼźͨʱڵƻ£⻪תͬӡ
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ϰͷϵüһһغŵƻתûϴĻⲻͨĽߣǱߡ
ߣ
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ȵ١
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ȥ񸮲ϻӹƷߣĹȥ
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Сۡ
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үү⡭⡭аơһС̫սսֵˡ
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Ե޹ʵºĵܹǱġϲиϾˡһȺʲôϽƸϺȥ
ǡ
ںӰצס죬÷Цˣǰ಻סϢҲü׺һһġ
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׸ڿǲӺɫΪʲôúܿ£Ҵôˣҹ·ƫ
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͹ȻӲ٣Ů˵ճӣȻֻһ
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꣡𶯣𳳳
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35¡
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ֺ, ɫʱɷ, 岻ɶֹز
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泯عϣֱͦ˼, Ļ׷˿ڶ, , ô, 㲻, Ҳ, ǵɶһġ
Ҷ԰ˮҶô¡ܵ޹ɥҲõӦеĳͷԼµһһҴδֹ㣬Ҳδֹˣֻûн̵ãվЩһֱޣӲ̤͹һֻų鳾һ졣
Ѵǻ׵ķޱϲʹ꾹޺߳ʱ˰̿ͽľ䣬͵͵˵ңԶĵء޴Цͷȷֻǳر˲ó
ЩޱԲƽϣƽʱʹ˺ܶϲֶ̨Σ޶ˡǧ򲻸ã߻ľѵÿһ仰ǴＷеĺ⡣
£رⲻҪߣֻⰡٿ̧ͷۣǶÿһƣοѾˣ˺ɻѾԼȥ
֮ǰ˵ֳѣҲˣʱųѵ۾ҪγѪǣĵ׵Թޡ
׷ڷϣ⸱òצӶٽƬֻҪͻȻŴ磬ҲҪȥ
ڿߵʬܵ˴̼ǵú淢ʲôѵһ˲Ļ㱣ֻ֪û˾ȣôһ㣬˳ص
ûУûУûСɿҵҡͷ˻ŻŻ˹׷֮£ڶҿ˿ڡ˵뽫͵ԶԶģԶҲܻصǣȴʱͻȻ˳ֻֻľһװϡû뵽ľû͸ڣ߸ˡ־£㱧ʬ׻ʹȥʹӻ˹ûмҪ
ؿڴ˻٣ȰѺؿڴˣ˭Цһɣڿ˵ӦãʵƱ磬ͼΡ
ضѾˣʲô壿˳ߣҵ֮࣬үҲжСûжѣĽ˲̡
˵ĶԻˣˡ
СֱţһצƬڻһֻצԼë׵°ͣŬԼһμƯʱ龰
ЩԺƬƵģƴƬΣȴǵһǳˮϦһ⣬ǰˮݣһ꾲ǳˮ
ϦӢ۵Ӷǳɫ߻ƵϼŲƵˮ棬ͬһӡԺ
ֻǰеµ˺ۣأƤⷭš
ʱ˿ֻһһӿŨŨκͲȥһ˿ڵ£Ծսצӡ
޲Ǳ˴ȣ޲ǰͻȻѣ֮ǰ£ὫԶû˻֪޺ߵʧǳظɵģ㣬İסһһȴޱ˵
ǣҳϣҳϵʱصĽȥ·ɴཫڡɴǲһеķ˻ߵغѣ˵ĺݣʱŻعؾˡ㣬Ҳѡֻǵɳ˵ֻߵʬ壬ѾˡҵĴѰңֻڸĺӱ߷һ̲Ѫ
ѾӸŲɣɴҪ͹ۿĳϸ𲻼εӶ񣺡ɣ֪Ϊʲô񶼲ɱ𣿡
˫ϣ˫ֳ󣬷Ѿɢ׷˿ҵشڼͷۣ⻰ȴʲôЦ£ͻȻʼЦЦȫ۽ǵ˳
ΪʲôɱңΪʲôɱҡЦظЦԹ㲻ɱң˿ϴϱŰɱҶôʴȵľ
Ȼʣû֪ߺͳصҲںôңҲں΢΢ߵűȥѵöࡣҪţҪʱ޿̶ھʹࡣ
ƳۺľĻͷЬصǰƷһû٣ȫţ˼ˣʱ̵ӡ
ڷ⼸仰ֻýԴƴ´գǸֻţɻ塣
رǿҹ̵ͻȻ£﷢־ֺ棬絽˵ʲô˵ʲôѽ
ѣħǺ˳߲٣ǹġȻʶ˵ҪͷѾϳݣȦڹУ˼Ըð踣ϧȻӶ񣬶ֵ̫֮λҪŪûһ֮飬ѣⱲվ᲻ú
ͨ˻ߺģ˵ݶϵˣЩվſںԺҲľѡݼ϶ŵļֻèһ벻ؿס
׵ͷ˶ڿУֻҹɶԸſѪڣҪ¸ҵسȥΪ̫ΧƬ÷졣
ֻǳѺͲȫûע⵽㶯Ǵ˿̧ͷͻῴһֻͷڷȥޱȵĹ졣
źرƿİνվſڣ£ó½񶾸˵סٺ
޷ֱŲɣģǣ޻лҪʡ
ǡҧҧֻ˳ȥ
Źϣֵɣ㽫ߵĻˣõʲôƷʩڽ
ﻹ߬ӣͷɢţ˫ֱ㶵ؿǰûʻһ㡣
ѽеӳǰζɣ㲻װɵõıߣǰͽĹƷȻԾʿݰ͹ʴδ㣬ҪǱߣ㽫һϻӴ͸㡣ߵƷĻǣƷ˿Ķ
ĻѪһתӲϣƬ̺ͻȻʵЦ
ѣ˵ΪͻȻҹԭǳߵĻǱ˾ˡɵùŹżֻ
͵ؾסͷһǴ˺㣬ų߻ǵƷĶ
ɱͷȴһԣĿǳŪ
˵ǰɣкܶ෨ӿ㿪ڡƵǺľϣڷųСʱ򴩹ĻͷЬСӢϸһĨ̵Цҵԣȡ߳صĶҲȥҲٿأһʲôζ
ߺ޹㱻ӺֱöϻͷͷϣζԴߣұҪʹ˫ʬϡ
˫۳죬Ǵظ㣬͸ɭɭ⡣
ɻһ£þ壬˻ڣûо߳ߵĻǣҲûжߵʬ£ЩҸɵġ
һץͷһֻ˻ӣʣʩɮΪλӣߵĹľ
ͲҵӣҴû֡ɼţȥø㿴
עƬ̣ɿ֡æߵǺľǰĳ룬ȡõɫǳ¶һɫĲ
ɫϴλֻлʵ۲ܴšȻѶźֻۣ۰ϰɫƣɫĲڹȻǴɻ䣬û˸˽أɴʱȡȻѾǱƵ޷ˡ
ǷɫϣصǰŴ֮ǰطƵӣǾȫˣǴաո˽߲಻ٸոһ
ѿɫӣŰɫƣҫ£âһ㡣
ΪʲôûոͻȻʳһֵ⡣
һĬƬ̺ɬصֻԸ±ӱͶڵңһͨˣŮϥƽ˳һ
һŻǵ۽ǵ䣬ž׹ϣһСա
Һ㣬Ҳ޳ߣҶ裬Աߵİ¶λȻֱдųغͳߵ֡
ģеƣͱˣƺһ˼꣺δҲδˣֻȥʶʲôɮˡ͹¼Űֻҹ˯ˣصһĸһѣȻֻʣƲΨʱ䣬иСӹǰ·̨ϣľͷߴߴʸͣСʱֻңֻҴŷ͵͵ۡ
ݶĵҲ֪С˭ӦõģҿҲ
ûмʣУתſȥĲţ̧סļ米ʶš
׼ѳţҲϽԴǶڰγȥ̽ףջȥʱȴеѣԲԴͿ˶ڡ
һΧƬ㷢мµ漴סתһ۾Ϳֻڷµıͷ
׶ϳ𾪵ߣֻƬ̵ĽӲžͷһµǽͷγȥˣƬҲӷ䣬ˤһء



36¡
Ƭ׹صĶ, 飡űײ˽
׹˲ֱȾڷϱ, ֻҰèԵĸ, Ƭֲ˼顣
СӷԾǽͷԾ棬ɿسԱߵ֣һü, ַɿԵϺ
͵˵ץסˣһɡץסԱһֻҲСè, ׽£, Щŵߣèë
Сèϲ, ſ濪һ
֪ڽ޵, Ȼȥ, ±ٴץס, ֺ
ֻҪǸ, ͷǳ⡣
СͻȻͣߣèצ, Բתתֻ֪͵Сף֪װ
Сè, ֶϹŵļֻèһ
ǲҪˣԼҵطȥ
ҵԼ·ǿ, ָģ, , װƵĹ͹
ΪղŵƬĶ, Ľ˽ȥ, Ŵ, ҲؽԺӣЩԱߡ
վԺУĴż棺£߼Ӷţұ̫סţѲ䣬ֻһľͷûʲô
һŴĽǰװŵĶչѿһľͷ̵С갡ðͺ̬䣬
һֱԺ̫ʱ̧ͷηذ˵Щ̵ġ
׿Ƕľʱų⣬ɻûϸѱ㲻ذ˰֣߰ɡ
ǽŴߣĵ׾΢źڽǰʱͻȻܵһϤϢ
Ϣ׶ԴɭͿɲ˲䣬һ㼦Ƥ

׷ɿشܣֻЩȴû޵ӰӡϢŽĽӽ뿪ҲŨ͵ȥ׵ĿⲻŵĴϡ
޵ζǴװŵľ
ۿҪ뿪ͻȻǰһץסĴ
һæȵʲô
ҿҿһ¡˵
Ǭ¹ǰתƣ֪Щ˵ɴçԴʵ۴ʱҲ˲࣬ǳ֡
ȴץסţҾͿһ۰һ۾С
뽫ֲȴ˹ʲôˣ
ױҲ˲࣬Ժĵĸ磬ⴲж
ʲô
ѱߣҲתͷüʵôˣ
æ幫ýЩľߡ
ֻõҾÿܰɣҲɣްɣţɡ
˲Ϣű飬Ƕľ
䣬һֱԺߵ̫ڵϵ˫ٽҲкˮ˳
̯ڵϣյǶľյ˺ְ֡Щľ׵۾͸ָһֻľʱӶʱճ档

ͬʱѼٵҲ𣺡ȵȡ
Ѻ֣Ǹľ˹ٶȿ˭Ƶġ
һֻľСԱľҪ۵ö࣬һȻЩľʳֳΪԶİɫľԭľǳɫвͬ
ǰģǰָСѵŲֹĲƵǺһɳӡ
СͻȻоһ¶ƺ˭˽Ÿ硣
ۿȻӿһȣѯʣ֤ʵ˿ѾȷߵĻǾ͸ֻľ档
ʱҲ˹ֻľСֿѣǵػ¡
Ʊϲ૵֮ǰ˵ڶ˵СèСèʵ˵ĲСèСʾסǵֻС
עСƬ̣ϧװУŻתڵϵ̫ࡣ
йʱ㻹ľСߵֻСָޣ޲ſ̳ġѵŵƻֻӲɭ
˵̫ƣͼ̧ͷָػص»ǵūū̿֡
ָܺʹ
ָʹ
кĿģΪҪޣΪҪ޵ĵܵܣʡ
¸ɻʵ֪˲̫࣬ļæơȥ˳Ժţֻ˺ĺס
ȴûлشֱֻ壬ǵ۾עǰƽصū޻˵
ķ֨±վſڣϵ̴棬غǲǱԩģǲǣ
ٿתһ
źҶ꣬Ϊʵ֣˭ģ
ؿֿѾû죬ﺬصūһʱϣ
ƽľͷΪҲܺкøС¼޳̲סǰ˼ȥ
ɾҪʱͻȻһף
׸ʳڣ;òӱ˴ӺסҲļС
𶯣𶯣ȻҾʹɳɤ
´סˣæѽľѽһɣسԵģǲϴѽ˵ŬҪתͷȥʶģ㿴ңҵ϶ϴˡ
𶯣Ҳ˵ǰһ㣬׾òЩʹƺȵҺǴˡ
ǸٰνĻҾʹ
һֱɫվţʱֶ̧ڰνĺ˸ֹĶף𶯡
׿Ŷĳѣڵһ˲˲ؿԼ˳صģҲ
ҪʲôɲһЩûжԲĵط㻹֮飬ͷŵĵȥ˵䣬һ
˵ǽǣǽȻһЦū֪ҲûҪ˿̽С޷Ǿʱ˵˵
ſ幫ӣѵ¾Ͳ˵ʱ𣿡ĺȵ
Ҷʵ۵ֶΣūЩū겻뿪ڣֻԸǰʹʹİѻ˵ꡣ
Ļ˵ʲôȴϵ˵
˽׵Ĳӣɻڵǰʱūȥ˺ӱ߸͵͵ֽ
ſĲվñֱӺ΢΢¡

ҹǺѾûˣֻˮӽĺ»ʡűһյС·µ̲굽һŶ¡
ӳصļգﲻֽһղԲȹڷҸͷ˹ϼֽ
һʱͻȻһôֽǮкãղ޷ǱЩС
ϲ˽Ӵڹʱװƣɴʱŵ˶£Ȼתֺʯϣ֪ʱѾ˸ˡ
ɮˣ۾СڵĹ£ߴһǳǳ˰Ҳɼ
մĳ̫װֻûתͷֽ
ƶɮ̸ͨأȴҲܸ֪ꡣݵ˲ޣ˵ڷĻԹɢԶҲͶ̥Ϊ»ҰС衣յǮղղֻװױЩС
ŭȴţֻֽعɮ˾ߵԶ£˵Ͳ󣬵Թ찡ûĻǱԼѪ׺⣬ٳٲȥͶ̥
ֲ˲һŻֽĬؼȼ
ٲͶ̥Ļ˿ŵʱǾɮվһҡͷһȥ
ˣҲ̲סˣɳɤסʦʴʦҪߣ
ɮվŲҪĻѣøܴĴۡ
ֻҪ߰Ϣܸʲô۶У˻
ɮ˼Ƭ̺Ҫ߰Ϣȴδ˵Ը߲ޣΨһԸǳˡ
ˣȻԾĻ⣬ӳճ˫Ŀ־塣
ɮ΢΢ͷǳЦһô𣿸˵ܸʲô۶Уǿտڶ̸տڶ̸
ɮתҪߣҧҧҪˣҲңҸ첻ӽûлᡣ
ɮתͷǿľģƬ̺Цƶɮа취ֻҪõ֮ȥѪ׵ǰƷûմȾģ˥ߣǻҩʯ˵Ĳ֢鲻κԭֱȥ

͹Ժ˶ĬŹĽ
˵۵ؿѣΪҪʬʩūҲûֻýʩĻӣʬ꣬нɮȻ˵Ҳʲô£ȥУūֻҪҵĻӵǰƷ
ĻʱܰūСҲԼϲľūдαһֻľūū뻹ĻӾͳ£ľûüȥ
̲סСľҲϲġ
ƳһۣϿֻ۵װž档
ˡ
ȴûףнɮūعȡľȥ겼ūĻӵʬǲרѯʹҪĻūͲˡ
ͷڼϲ˰ᣬ߶¼ū뺦Ļӣнɮȴ˵£ֻڹľԱ䣬ĻֻѪý飬κӰ죬ūžȥ
պūȥ˺ԼĵַǶпڵĺ˳ջڿջ˵Ѿȥ꣬󷨡ūʵɣа˰ģר̸ȥ겼󣬵ϲòףҲֻҧȥˡ
ľ˷ū˵ֻҪľɫڣʾɣľ
ֿɣūнɮϣ˵ĲĻκӰ죬֪Ļӵʬǵ£
ýźǽ£˻ߺôãźԺԸȥˡûӸͷ죬ȫǸͷˡ
仰󰵵һãἴԾǰ˺ף㶯΢ؿʼνͬʱƳǰĳҲ΢̧֣ɫסķѩ
ѩûзκʣ¹¶һѩķС

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лҪ˵
ߵ飬Ǹչˣͦϲˣ֮ദأҲټ׻ỨѳѪ



37¡㣬
ͻȻʵղ˵֮, нɮûʲô
֪Ϊʱ䣬ɢעǰŲ˰벽
û뵽Ȼһ, ԥŻص˵ͷʱ, ҿļɫһ
һ׷ʡ
Ƶģǿ鼡ȴǡ
ͻȻסֵעŰգʱомϮ, ƿյ
Щһľܵؽһ࣬ͬʱε, ֻһĴ, Ե涸Ȼһ, β
ͬʱһ, ҲϢطһ֦, ȳѺͺķʱ, Ǽֱֱ׶ȥ, ںڼͷŽâ
ʱǰ, ǼͷƱؽ, ˶С
ʯ䣬ѳֵǰԾȥ, ҪڿнǱס, ĵͲôһ, ѩ, ƿյļХס
ҲƼǼ, ŵõ׼ɱ
Ȼõе, ʼų̂ϵľͷ̫࣬Ҳûľͻ˺Լ
ļʸɲͬҪǱУΪӵģЩԻеҰһ
䱪һĵǼȻҪ¶ڸǰǷֵ屩¶ݺĸҪ
ɾ׼䱪ʱһֱסӵĹȴͻȻ֣ݺһԡ
⧲֮£ױƵžͱ£һӲĻڿռ䵽һԣͬʱһ졣
ѽױסԾغ㿴ϵ˿ڣֻǺǳһۣҲûмѪ㼴̷֡
׸վȱתͷѾǷļͷ͸
ɷУæ˹ҲǰסԼ䡣
д̿ͣݣд̿ͣ
Ľ˽Ժ龰һԺΧסһԾЩ֦ͷͷȥ׷Ĵ̿͡
ӿŴŵѪ׿˹żȥؿڵļĵסҡͷʾⲻɡ
ЩɢĿϣƵϼһЦӣūūҲϲϲġġɣء
֪˺ˣժԡС
ʵɹ˺òˣѵ˴λѡ
һƬãĲɣ˵ūūȥź򡭡źˣء
ԽԽСӿѪ۾Ĺڳʧ
̽ıϢͷ£ˡ
û˵ʲôѩջУԺȥ
׿СŮȥɣҲѸõӽϣ׷˳ѡ
ѽŲܿ죬ǵĻд̿ͣΧߡ˷бܵĽŲͶԿε˵ƻ־ڿʼȫʹѲ̿͡
ںһ·СţעȺѵıӰֻȻͦúֱȥȴ˵ܡ
ѻǬ¹鷿˳µظȥڳɹʱŵվԭأɹڡ
٣鷿һˡ
ɹصūڳ͹ʱѾ˻ȥˡ
һ죬־ͳ鷿£̿һֱ͹ùд̣ץסʱѷԾ
νģʡ
ʹ䱸ɭϣ̿;Ȼܻ־ļʧְ
ͳͨ£ͷ亹Ϣŭ̿ͲǴӹģһ̫һŮ
̫๬Ůɹʧڳθ˼ȣĸģ
ʱû˲ɹԽͳصĸģϴ¾ֵһµȹŮһ´ɨ̫࣬ݶܸɾҲʲôߡ
鰸ûϵǺʿʼֻ֣֪ˣȥɡ
ͳӦ£ʱҲˣС̫վڣѹ
ɹҪƺ󣬺ͲͷţֻվףĺͲ硣
ѽֻľͷС鰸ϣ磬ѾǼƷˣȥ
ҲԣǰС֣˺ϸ
£ܸӦľȷһꡣ
ѱʼ˶٣Ҳ΢΢Щ仯ʲôӽų
룬ر£ǰֱʩشڻУҪƶɮúʱղС
ҪôҪЩʲôܸޡ
üĻ̸ʲôҪֻҪһܷĿӣʩõĻֽʯ觡ɰƽȵȡ
˵仰ƳԱߵĺ俴ͬʱг¶һѩķС
ˣ觺ͻƽҲʩõģȥĿڵ
ĵĳ˻ȥ
һһӦ£˼͵ٰż־ţʱ䲻ܳκβ
ֻľͷС뿪󣬺ǰ£ʵΪղµһʵҵߣϾ˵ãҲԣ̿һضաĿǵڶĿҲ幫ӣǹ
ѳĬһ˲ȴһ⣺ɮ˵
ĵѽɮ˻ӡţڸ Ŀǰûṩõ
ѵʣһɮ𣿡
һת˲׹µ˼װİģûĿʾˣ
Ȼôͬ˼һ˿һûأ
ĳĬˡ
ѵͷд֣дһͷҲ̧˵źī
ļɹûڣҪǰӰһΣѾҪس˳ȥ޽ең
׳嵽鰸ǰѧƽԪԼĥīĲ裬䣬С̨ﵹ˵ˮĥתȦ
΢΢ͷʼ쵽̨պȡī֭չһЦձѡ
תͷд֣ﲻص˵пɮļɫɫͬӦǴߺ֮࣬ɮˣӦþͬһˡȻпɮֶڹӣ˭ģ
һݣȻµ˼ǳ䡪λֱʣ
ѱʷ漲תģɵصҲǣҲǡ
һ£Ѹ±ʣƳ̷ĸ͸ֽֽԱһףԺ˵ûʲôˣȥɡ
ǡĹ˳Ӧ
ֵſڵĽҲߣ޲Ҫôš
ǣͰ˳ߡ
ˣҲߣԪȥѿҲûףָֻԱߡ
ǡĶԻĥī˵幫ӣɫˣҽ͵幬ȥ
ײôԼ˵ҪԼ幬æҲȥԪ֪ҽȥģѾҪȥҽҪĥī
Ϊ֤Լ£ӿϵĶīĥ÷֨֨졣
תͷĿȾī۵İϣȥ
ﻹЩ³ѳתߣϵĽС죺˵˽Ҫׯģ˵㻰ҲͰˣڻҪҸ˵㻰
ͷ۵ü׼οҲ㱻ҰʵǺµģһֱṆ̀Ȼ˴£ʵ˺ܺõģľرãҳԹ÷⡭
ױҽڲߣ뵽ҲԽԽ͡
ѺڳĿ⿴Ƭ̺ͻȻʣ㲻𣿡
˭

ЩãȻѲɱ㣬㲻𣿡
룬˵ɱҵģɱңҲ㰡ûԼȴˡ
Ӧá
׼Ⱦùȷʵ˴£ȴΪЩܣ촽ϼκȷʵȷʵµġ
ѾӸµؿÿ˶ж񣬲ΪƣĨɱԱ˷µĶ񡣡
׾䣬Щ㷵֪ˣֻҪ˴£ǶǴˡ
û˵ʲô˫ָ󣬴鷿Ĳ޵
̽ظȥûзԣתͷȥģҲûŰ㴹ۣͷһϲϽ׷ȥ
˴̿£ǶΣһ־飬׵ȥһ
跿ȼģ˫ϲһС̫վԺ˴ͷŵıҲϸ
¸ȻѾ£ҹҲ̫跿̫ؾվţͨľվڿŵĵط
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ţͻȻƼС̫Щ죬ŷʵ۲ˮ㽫˵˳
˫ϲţû뾹ӵȥźµĲ£лϲýæȥǬ¹
ʵ޵ֻһ̫࣬æתƼ˫ϲˣѯʹ֪Ǳɹĺ󣬸Ͻȥϴˮ
ѵۻ޵ϴۣҹʱŻԡޡ
˫ϲϴˮӴ࣬ޱȼ飬˻ʵ޵
ΪԼڵǰŲѾѵˣû뵽ξȻܽźϴŲʱǸĪ˻ǾƲˡ̫ѵãһҪúñ֣ź
˫ϲͷ޵ţ˵£ūź¾档ϢŻʵ۵ĻӦ
ûʵ۵Աߵһֻ۵֣һץסء
㣬ɡ
ϤϤĽ㣬ʱ˫ϲһ˲õԤС
̧ͷһ˫ˮĴ۾գѽգ
Ȼڳꡣ
˫ϲֻ³ôﶼˣ겻ɢ
һЦᣬܴȴ㣬ɡ
˫ϲڿĵһۣʶץأûˮߡͬʱҲҧ˴˫Ŀŭ
죡ԲлὫߣ
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˫ϲһֱɿ, ͺ֡˵Ų׵Ľűϣĥ۾ȴ, ʱתͷ
׽űȵ, ˻˻ģֻõðɺðɣˣҷ֡
˫ϲһ, ԼʧæҲ˾Ȼûнһ, ֻ, СĶ, ҷ˰
ˮػص, ˫ϲһ˵, ͬʱƳԱߵ, °, Ҫʤ̬ߡ
׺ץԵ, ˮһšһ, 򴰱ߵĻʵۡ
ϴˡߵ, չӾҪϰ, ֵ̧ס, ٽӹ, Լʼ
ˮô𣿡ͷ
šò, üͷϹˮ, ԵüĿӲ䣬׿úòϲ
ѱƼһ˫ȫڴڻǿӦ
Ȼû֣ҲܸˣЦصšӣ϶ġ
ˮվſڵ˫ϲ޵Ҫҧˡ
ˮôôڱǰ¶ĻᣬǱ˸ˡ
գ̫ա
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ʲôѽض룬һҩζӿǶˣֶס˶
ѿʼۣĵػص
״սţһⲻҩҩ
Ҳ֪ûִֻʿʼ¡
ǰͣĲҩÿࡣԪҺȵ鶹ɰƬܺúȣͲ񰡣ȵҩࡣ
󣬲ÿɷصȥʳ
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̧üģȻ£Ǿͻ幬
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Ѵ۲˵±ϻ幬Ҳĥ䣬ݵߡ
ˮɢŨŨҩζδҲóʲôζһֶ룬һűӣǳǳسһڡ
ŵʺ̾Ϣ
Ϸ͵ѣûԼÿֻʪ˴Ƥ̾ϢһһԽԽ
ȻüģüͷԽԽǵҲ

ٷκӳȥ
ײˣֻǳǳˮ
û꣬Ҳҳȥ
һĥ䣬Ϳʼڴʡ
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Σ޿̵شȡӵ
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Ѵܵؽ鰸ϣŵŻˡ
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̫Ȼɻʵ۽Ϊôԡǹصǡ
ڵ˫۴ųأˮʵţɵر۾
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Ƶǵ󣬿һڵϵһ˱ǽȻϴθ类СĥʱԼ˩š
׶ڵϵǶϸֻű亮űΧɫĺۼǰ߰Ѫ
֪ʲôԼһϣ̧󣬶Źſ
Ƕ¡һ
ٿתͷվԡ꣬һɫ˿˯ۣٳʹϣԵӢ԰ס
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һ߳ųѣһصҴˣҲҴˡ
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ͷû˵Ƭ̺󣬳ȥ󾱴˴ӵСƵſߡ
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һҴ·С̫ࣺ㣬ұ¸ϳˣʲô½ȥ
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ʵ˯ҲҾӦġ
ЬˣϵЬ
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״ܣɣ״ۡҴױ

鰸ǰۣװûĶԽԽʼţޣ¶һһ룬ȣҾȡ
ѵɫԽԽ׿ʼļٺʱϽŵһӣҪ˴ߡ
ʱٶ̫죬°ɨ鰸²㣬žһһСľϻϣϻ׵໨Ƭ
Ѷס˶ǿƬƬ̺·Žľϻ鰸·
ſڣͻȻԱߵķžͱ򿪣ƻ
վſڣ˫ַŴ򿪵ȣӸ¸ΪŹ⣬沿ûںڰֻܿߴ
ڵϣͻĹӳۣȴĵسЦҽ
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ѿīۣ̲ס䣺ȫϴɾ㡣
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39¡Ƶĳ
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ۣƯƯһͻὫƯ˵ƯƯ
ͺסǸС, ľۻңû뵽ȻƯԡ붼󲻵
Сǰ, , ˮѾһ̺컨, һ̻Сɹ, Ҩײ֪ʲôȥ
, Ǳ߹, , Գʱڼϡĵؽ͡
, ģð׿ĵͷ, ϲġ
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أղŻôûˣ˽ʡ
ӱżЩѾȥϴ¾֣Ϊ׼ء
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ױŵʵǳԲµĻҿ԰ġ
ڿеӡδطˮ֣ʯΪأʯ֪볯͢ûйԥ¸׼֡
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΢΢ͷѰ˷ԴζǴϴģֻҪһӣҡΣھ
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в㲻ϵζϴһ㲻ʣҾȥϴ
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׹⽫Ų̤úأԡعţһ
վڴǰ˿
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ѵȥɣЩƣȥתת
ǡٲ˵תȥȡ߳ʵһƵ̾ϢǴˡ



40¡˼
ҹ԰, ģϰϰվ, ֻöڲ, ͷҲ塣
ֻͬħĸʱʱҪԩèèء
˦˦ͷͼħ˦УɹСĵʣ¿Щˣ
û£վһɡ
Ǿͷ, 軹һ
мŮ·վľȻǻʵۣһ, ʩҴȥ, ֻĥ, , ôվ԰
վ, ת޵, ɹŵϽϡ
˻ȿ, ԳɹҲ, Ϣɣҹ
ū, ūҹġ
ص̫ҽóʪձȥ￴, ӡ
һ, ǻʵۼ·̫, ֪ʪַ, ̫ҽԺȡ
, ū, ūۿһȣʣµĻȻ˵ڡ
Ҳ˵ֱ޵ֻſͣ½ţȵ񻨷ûֱȷѾû˸Žȥ
ںܰûκˣڵϵЩѾ鰸һԡſţҲûˡ
ڻ幬
죬ͬʱҲ˿
ʱѾˣһ߽˯ϵһǼܴ󴲣ƹ磬ͱѨס˶
ǿĻľ񻨴ϣ֪ʲôʱѾ˸ˣ¡һţһִֻڱϡ
˳ֻֻϣһƯϣѹסķӿɫʲô
˯ѽʱˣ˯ˡŲŲó෶ΧĵƿһǣԼЩ
ԼĴŬάƽҪҹȥɴ˯
Ҳȥ˯һ˯˻ˡ
Ӵͷ䣬ѻһȦԵڱƵģ˿ȥСһ֡Ǽ˯ϵѾˣƬ¶ڵƻ£ǴֳݵӰչɵĺ
ƹ£üڼѩ촽ֺ筣ǿҵɫʶԱ£־Ķǵ
Ʊʲôݺײ£ʱȻǰ겻СӣѾˡ
һ˯ĿŵĴ࣬ѾϴһζûˣƤݵġ
˵֣żָָˡ
ߴǽ¶ӹҴȥ˯
ȻʱŶѾܹĻһͱ飬ûлأ
ײټ֣һŲ´һ߲С죺Сôģοֲռض˯䡭
ŲߣֻŷŽľֺһǰ䶯һֱδͣҴȥ˯Ȼ͸һ幬û˵Ȼ͸һ幬Ǿ䣬ڰ˵ꡣ
̧ͷϳѵߣּᶨزȥ˯幬ġ
ѴһԲЬ̤̤ȥɴ
ɴһߣ°ڷһܹ٣żڴǰ٣˾ȥɴЪһЪ
ҵͷأأڴʡ
һֱͷ֪ڹҲ磬ûд
ҪԼͷͱӣ˯Ļ˯š׻ֱ׳ص
ѶıԹţֻ𴲱߰ͷϵһ飬ȥŴ顣
ûм˵ɴǱֻĴͷȻҲ
ѴҳȡƬĥҶ״ıǩݽſɻûУͻȻһ̴ٵľС

һûʳڣǱ־ϲصͷͱиζ
ſͷţޱص㰡ȫǸζúŰҸղǻӺŶ
űϷһȦһ£ٹһȦٽȥ
ڴϣǱԽԽ̲סȵףٷһ㶯
͸һ幬ȥ״Ļֺ꣬Ժص֪ˣҲŹˣĵš
Ҳ
ײǺĵط֪֪ܵˡ
ʱ䣬ɴǱ߹ȻûдҲͰɻشϼ顣
۾Ǽ֣ȴ鲻Խֳ§ͷŵĻ棬Ҳ֮ȥ
˰Σķҵؽ鶪£Ьȥ˱ɴ˭֪ߵǰ㿴Ѿ˯ˡ
۾ĽëͶһƬӰһƷ˿մź΢΢촽΢ţԿһСηۺ⡣
ѳĬתֻ߳ͷȥϨԵյƻ
Ư硭
ٿؿϣȻ˯ţֻǷһ߽ַ档
ѻصϣӸס壬ֱֱƽţ˫ֽظ
ԶһĴ𡪡ˣƽ¡
Ϊ͹ԵҹӾףֻ֪Ǹ֮ҹŵȵȥϳͷʹЩӵ
ÿҹڵǹϢͻӿȻǰҵʹͷǶһСʱʱһ£ظҲ١
Ѿϰ˾ڴϵȴʱʱĶʹУʵԺһȨϢ
飬ͷղԡʱѾˣͷǴӡϣҲڵȥ
˻Ժ˯ˣͻȻѾʱǹϢûûͬÿһҹ㣬ĿʱϢؿʼ˶ĥ
ѵǵ˯۾Ŵʡ
Ϊʲôأ
ǰδʱ׺СָǹϢѵΪ˯ڷڣϢݷţٳ
һ˯ѣѾˣ۾뻽Ԫ̣ͷԼû幬Ǭ¹޵
ҡҡλεߵ󴲱ʱֳѾûˣ̵ϴ˽
Ĵζš
ӯųϢı׼˯ˡ
ٴ˯ʱѾ͸ڵذϣĲɻűƿˣŮ
һԲŮˮŵϣЦеص
ˡŻش
ԲŮһЦǹ𣿡
ʣ㣬ҸȥĶˣ
磿ԲŮЩãȻһŮȴӦȥϳˡ
ʲôʱߵģ
˯ʱ¾ȥϳˡ
ҲͲʣɹŮǸԼϴֻһ
Ȼֲ岼ϺûȴҲ֪Լ֮ǰҪãȻףȴɫƣ̧֮⻪ת
·ÿڹŮŵͭǰգָžԼʹŮ㣬㿴èèƯƯ
òÿΣ˵һ¶Ůϲýæ޵ƯƯ
ŮǵҲԲŮԸãһ߸һߵԺúΪޣҪʲôĺÿѶС
ޣʲô׺ʡ
ԲŮЦҹ˯ڱ޵ɲ𣿡
ͷŶҵȷˣ˯ġ
ŮûȻֱףһºˣһŮԲŮһۣԲŮҲ֪ʧԣçײ
ȵùţӦû幬ֻԪһļ٣ѾǵڶˣûȥһˡסȥҸ뷨׼幬
׶Ǭ¹幬·ǳ죬֪Գû˳ŴߣǴӣźɻرߵСǰС
ûһΣǰ·ڳһСͤԶԶľ洫̸
׻δ·ϼˣº棬߱ƵƵͤڿˣͤˣһʶõͦ˳ۣһڳϼǲݵĲ裬øܲʹǸˣ»
»ԴĶۺɣ˳̸һ顣
Դ˺˭ύҲκϵ£ֻô֡
˺ԺһС֣Ȼ࣬ҷϸҲ;ĸ߹ӵܹǲݽ֣ĴѰʱֻڸп飬˺˸һ
Ϊ˺ϵҲɷѿģֱ֪뿴԰ĺɻȴֲ󣬲˸ӽӽؽ˹
Ϊʱ䲻ɣ糯ûȥ˵˵岻ʣ˼ǰ뿪ˡ
ֻɱĿɣÿ̽ŵݳʱȥ⣬߸ɴƷ裬첻ԡ
Ĳᳯ֮£ƷϺõĲˮһغɻ̸ɽ̸ˮ
˵˾Цն裬Աߴ˽Ų
ѭȥֻԶһݰ׵СӣԵһ׵ĳ֫ӯӯһա
ڳϼ䣬䵱ʱȴûע⵽ʱڿĿ¶ޣžһ˿ɻ
ȷԼûڹмĳ϶ŴҲǹˣǼ׳ûϴĻòӦǵƷĺƶС
ڹߣ˹صĪλ󳼼ûĹӣ
ͷת漴¶΢Ц׾˾ٲ豭̬ԼӣůգֻƷһϺõ裬Ų
˵֣ͨ˲ʱҲ뵽ǴڳϣݵĲ裬˺¡
ǱҲͰˣʲô˼
Ų豭԰ڣ
ײ̫ˣּһֱЦЦճŨ壬һ֩˿оܲӱһ˸İۣ°ͼǰߡ
߳ͣͷΪı⣬Цٴξ˾ٲ豭
ȻͿ۵СӣͻȻһָƸ߱ӣ³ͷ˸
׿»ϵЦݽסת幬ȥ
תʯС˵䣬ȴȻСͷһ˲˲ضǵӰ
ĻֻŲˮ¶˼顣



41¡﷢
׻ص幬, տԺžʹԪ̡
Ԫڳ⸱ˬģЦӴ, Ѱ, ׯϵõѣ
ǣǬ¹õġߵԺеʯԣź칾ࡣ
ղǸ»԰ڲˮ, ʲô˲𰡣幬ĲˮȲꡣ
Ǭ¹˵´ȥ˳ׯ𣿡Ԫɻʡ
ʵصʼׯϵģǺͻػʹˡ
ػʹЪģ
׽£˸ö޵Ъġ
Ԫ￩һ, ɲǵ, ת־ӦԼˡ
Ѿش䣺ڸ˯, , ޺͵ѡ
飡
Ԫ϶ŵˤڵ, ϴõƻһء
ѽ, ƻˡ
׸Ͻȥƻ, û, ͱԪץֱۣ¶, 㡭
ܼ٣ҲЩ, ڶ˫ãȻ۾, ʣµĻȴôҲʲڡ
ȴ, ׷ʵԪ, ¶ô㻰û˵ꡣ
ԪƬ̺, ץֱ۾, ױֻԪ̣ץֺۣԪ̡
Ԫॹţתҿ
ѣʲôǾȣƺ׹ץԼ¿ۣԪ̣޵ģԲȥ
Ԫ֣һʱģ־Ҫȥ׼ƲæΧӴתֻҲѣѾҵˡ
ԪΧ׷Ȧû׷ϣȥѲǣֻȥϴ裬ԣھȥϴ衣
ϴ裿Ҫϴϴˡָ˵Ǹ˪ϴһΣϴĻ裬޵ԡϴһΡ
ȥ˪ϴ裿ϴΣԪǻ¹٣ƫᣬ¶Ȼö
ǰ
׼Ԫϣɫˣ²˻ţԪ̣ôˣ
СܵԪǰȥԪ̣żϴȥϴȥϴһΡ
Ƭ̺վڵԡͰԪתתȥĿ
Ԫ̣𣿡
Ԫ̧ŵֱ۷£ʵ˯ıɴ
ǰ˵
Ԫϸȫһ׵÷ţƤϣȷûһ˿ۼƤղűץֱǴƤͶ˼ָۣ淢ʲôʲôۼûС
ԪǷģֵӣڵźˣԺֻɲ˵ñ
ŶײǺĵػص
㡣
ŶԺֻҲ˵ڿ𣿡
°ɡ
ԡͰԪԪ̣Ժҹҹڱޡź𣿡
Ԫʣҹҹźģ
û˵ֲŪԡͰˮҾͦźģдֵʱĥīøҳԡ
ԪΪԼղžȻִ治˼ȥʵۣôһ˵ȻȥźȥɣעˣҪµķԸɶ죬ҲҪΪӣ죬˵ʲô㶼
˵ʲôͣʡ
ԣʲôʲôҪʲô
תͷԪϻˮ飬Ҹʲô͸ʲôǿɲУһҺϴˮأҳʺأѵҲҪ𣿡
ԪԼղˣףôñ˼أǱԼӳߴߴϲ߿顣
Ե޹ôϴˮԡʲôأԪصܹ㲻Ҫ˱µ⣬ģҪΪԼ幬ӣԸĻҪţرҪÿɫˡ
Ԫֵʲôῴɫɱʱǳʲô
֪ˣİɣҿ϶˱µġ׹ԹԱ֤Ԫ̣ῴɫˡ
ԪԪ̣ڵģڵңҴ԰ɣ
ԪĨȥϵˮ飬ϲǵ̾˿˵㲻ʲôףҲ㾿ǸģǸ
û˵꣬ȴؼ䣺ǸɵӶ԰ɣ
˵ŲɵӡԪ̿Ц
ҲЦҲɵӣˡ
ԣˡ
ϴ裬ױȥ鷿ԼСȡһһ㡣
µǱʲôʦطͲˣϴҲˣҪ޵úã»ġÿ찴צĲӴأˣÿ컹ǻ幬צ˳㿴Ԫ̡
ѡѡȥʲôҲûǱצĲϣ˸÷һռ˿ҳ
ϾҹڸˣǴ£
ȻԺҪ޺ܶϣҹǵһðצ
˯˸ѵõĺþһ˯ôáϳʱֻøˬЩݵϳûƽʱô
Ҳܵ˻ʵ۵ĺ飬Ȼһཻȴĵװ⣬֪Ƿʲô£ûʵôġ
糯ûʲô£߾Ĵûңؽ٣ܺԵݸõƽҲѵõûгܡ
ѽС˶˳˺
ոտ޵ţһӰӭ
΢һ٣ƺǲôҲûſ˫̸ۣѳ
׵һ裬ڵشǰղڳϰѲ豭ûûȱˮ
ڸѽ⳯Ȼ˫ۣȴޱشס
׹ֲգţ豭͵ߣޱιȡ
ѵĴ豭Ҫܾһţˮ͹˽⧲£һǿڲˮȥ
ûȥѸٺڳȥɫϲ̵ؽ豭ŻϣѾѵҪæȥæ
ٿջ֣ץתߣȥɡ
Ϣ£׼ҪԸ·ȥԣ£ʣҪǵ٣Ҿڴ㡣
ϵһ٣ֽմϵĳѵϣӹȡһɫװϡ
ϷȥƼѴš
æʵҪȥĶ
ѿҲûһֱۣӷ˳ȥ
׸պȴֲһ£æЬ׷ȥ
Ѳû뿪Ǭ¹޵ž͹ͥԺƽĳأץһѳ
׸ϹʱֻⷭɣЮҶγ״ǵߴӰӢ˲ƥ
ûгԴųѣһԵʯ£ǰʯϣרĵؿ
ҲͶ룬ƺԼ˼͸âÿһнʽɭɭ⡣
׿ſţ֪ģﾹ˼ֽţø翴ȥ̫Ծ뽫˭Ƶġ
˼ţǰһİ׹ݽǵεñ۾ʱͶһѷĽС
վǰֳֽĿڿһİˣ̺ɱ
ǽо͵ƺֻҪһʵĶͻ״̽ȥ
ڽϣİ׹Ͷϣ΢ۣҲҶỽ硣
󣬵۵׵Ĳ̺ɢȥſף£Ű׹뿪ʵô
˺þ˰һֱڿ״ۣǱԾɵںĽСĵصǲϴˣҲǻˣѽ
ջؽһŻԱߵܣٴͷ⿪춥ϵϵۣȥϲƵ
΢촦¶һƬһϸܵĺˮɢһ־йԵ
׸ձסЩ£һžӣһȥѡ۾ȥһ۽һۣĿԽԽƵǴϲˡ
ѽʯϣڽ۵ۣ׵磬ôÿ
һ٣߻ס
Ҳͷ¶һ˵Ц⽫ļӳյ͸һź档
ţ˵һ˵ӻÿЩг
תߣѾ⿪¿ϣ޵ȥ׿ȳıӰԳ׷ȥ
ѻȥԡ
ǰϴԡʱţ첻ˣ˲²󻹲ĵơ
ױһξ룬սݱԡŴһǰûƿŴʣҪ걳𣿡
Ȼ֮еûȵظҲ⣬Сڡ
ʱ֣ȵڲϲ˲ˣ׺ȻľڳѶ¡
̿۳ѣͬûƵģֻͷȡ˸ǰ
ѵžǼ򵥵Ĳһֻºһ̸Ͻȥʱˡ
׵θܺã幬ʱÿҲĲһʳĺľϸ̶ȣǰЩû𡣶ÿٶܽЩɨ⡣
ѳԷÿŷҪϸϸ׽СﲼĲ˳ԵپٿȥʱÿȻʣòˡ
ȻڿԼ۾е⣬ȴҧſͷߴٳѣԣҲԣҸŵġ
ѵĿڿУٷŻؿԱ̡
̶ͷѾ˺ѾѾȥŷӲˡ
˵ֵԸԱȵС̣ĵ
ţѱȥ鷿ͼ£׳û¿ɸˣǬ¹ǰ̨й䣬ĥǾȸ磬ȥҰèǲǲ
ʲôһʵ
׻ͷˣЦشк
eųҪ´ףʵҿҲûʲô£ҪҪһ棿
׿Ǭ¹򣬾óѻҪЩͷ̸ܾãðȥ档
ߡ



42¡κ˵µĻ
гe, ûκʵĳ˹˹ſͣŵųһͷʻȥ
ȻѾι, Щ, Ȼú棬⿴
ȥĶʵ
Ͼ׼ųeʼϵĳ, ĳųԱߡѯʣһϵһʣȥĶ棿
֪ȥĶ棬˰ʵ⸽Ӷǿȥӡ
eѾϵ, λϻЬ, Ц, ˵óӶ, ⾩ǿĶɶ, Ķж, ҽǵ̨, ԰ӵǶϷ, 涼治ã˱, ʹȥʶ
ãʶ, ϲʶüɫ
һΪ¥ǰͣ, e, , ׸Ͻϡ
ǰ, 󻹸С, ſڵ֪Ȼ֪eݣȴǾģ֪˳ֺݷǸ󣬱Цӭ˴·
տţױĺǽݶҪƷƵġ߹ͨǰһ̨ڶԴ
Ǳڴܡe˵
ǲǴܣǱԣ̨֪𣿡
Ŷ֪ԡ
Ĵˣÿ˶̨ϵ˸Щվг˷ܺͿȵա
״ûȳĿתЩ˽Ļ˶ĵطˣ¸˳eֽ䳶š
eһңһû档ʲô
ô˵ɿ֣Ҳѹö࿴ңұӹˡ
eȵʲô˼ҶǹСʹϱȥ԰׷𣿡˵´ףζ°ͣҲ˵׼ߣļҳ԰׷
⻰Խţˣһǳȥɣ㡣˵Ҫߡ
e棬æס˺ģҾ㿪Цѡ涼ˣӽġ
˵ţԱһ¶ŮӣЦӭүˣūҾ͵źˮء
e¶һЦȴˣźүȰϵϴүĿ˵
ŮӺգȴֲҷֻغһת뿪ˡ
·֪תʵˣǶ¥𣿡
eˢչȵϵط
׸ڳe˶¥ᣬһ߷ֱҲϽˮϹ
ǰֻһΧĸ̨Ұǳą́϶ԴѾֳʤһ˱̧̨һ׵Ļ湰֣лĿˣһЩ̨
eȵ˵Ǹʤߣ׽ܵΪȭѸͣ˳ӣʤʺܸߣѾﵱ˼µ
ƶǶ˱֣ජ̨˼ۡ
ȥ˸Ĵ󺺣ܱȭһͭ죬ڶʼ
õĶ̽eӻͳƱȡһỵ̂ⳡѺӡ
֣緿һŹ͸һõĶһ𣬶ʱ˷Ӧл緿һŹһ
õ̶ֽ˵ǰλѺ˭
׸͸㲻Ѻʲô˼ȴҲѧųeⳡѺӡ
õĵﶪѺע˵Ͳˣתͷȥ̨ϡ
eƱ̣Ѻע
֣緿Ź͸һӡ
л緿Źһ
ִ̨һδﵽ壬eվӹľһ󣬲ͷ׻ֵţ̲ס㻹Ÿӹľע˵ġ
˫ַϥϣ޹գգ۾
Ҹղŷӣһ٣һ٣ӴˣӾ͹ˡ𣿡
װһղŷӣҵһ٣ӴˣӾûˣ
e˴Ĵָ
׻һ顣
֪ǺöÿδȥسǣʱΣһǿ顣
һӿ𣿡
ԡ
أ
eһӿԽǵ˺⡣
׳ĬעǰϵĹӵeҪ˵ͼٿȻֻ£ߣ𣬶̨˻ߵطһźӣ
ʱ䣬һֱŽŸ̨ϵźֻø߸ߵģһǵͨ죬ͷϸܵĺ顣
ӵҲúܳɫԷeЦеԣһָѾӮ
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һǧ
ãȻؿʣһǧǶ٣
eԽǵ˺⣬ϸꡣ
һǧҲ̫˰ɣ
׼ССİȦ޲ɱȥɽͷһ
û뵽ڽӺ󼸳ܣӮõǮ˸ɾ
eûʲôͲӣͼֻ֣֪ԼǴ˺û˺һ޿
ûʲô˵ģ´ȥУǸӮ󡣡eο
³ֻûϳڿҲʼĺȲ衣̸̸ţ˳͢ϵ£Ҳʹ¥׵ĶС
ھӼҵԶֶӣС˹źһλʱ޿䣬Χһʣ˵ǹݳڹеСͻȻûˣʬûˣ˵ȥڡ
λǿǡźˣûʬ
һȵĿ˸˵꣬˾ͼæ豭ݸȶˣ˵ʲôѾƣѡ
˽豭һƣҡҡλվҲû˵˭֪Բбɱˡ
û˵꣬;ͷһȣˮ˳£һϻմмƬҶ
٣˭¥òˮ
˶ͷ¥ֻ˺վεСӣŴˣһȴŭڣϻһ˸ǵĲ
׽ղ¥ҽ˵
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·ʱeһû׺ݵһǣߵڵϹȦ
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УeЦҡҡͷ
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ǡ
ۼ̫ཫ̫ϵ˾ڣٿش˳ȥһצץһֱ̫
ˢһֱ̫϶˼Ѫ˺ۣҲʹ÷ſ֡
ʲôʲôһ̫վʳԾһצ沿ץȥ̫࿴ǷļצֱУϽ˼
̫Ѿᣬ뾮ڣΪס֣㽫һʯϲ䣬סڵӲžĵر˻Ƶ󺰣˰Ҫɱˣ˰
ԶӰҲ˻⣬һ̫Ʋȵӳȥպͷ
һ˵Ծȥأ˾ʧҹĻ
ԶǴ̫ѱ˾ˣرȻ龭Ҳûͣת˺ҹе֡
ǰһ
ǵһƫǰѽľͷСʱǷԸꡣ
̲ס࿴˼ۣǰһϤӰߴһֱûмŵĳѡ
һʱɲסŲǱ߱ȥ
ϵİȡغá
泯źˮ¹⽫Ӱúܳȥƽ˼ּȡԵҶO@ʱתͷȥһֻѩ׵СӼ˳
Сס͵͵ػ
Сף׵޶˾ͺ첽Сܵǰͷ
໡
̣βϵóģһ
ѶСͷǴͳе˵֪޵ߣţ



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ױú, ɴ෭ҶϣŤŤ壬ʾץץԼľӡ
ֻûֻצӽСס
˳ӵظץ, ʣС, Ҳߵģǵ𣿡
໡
ȻǵˣĵܵܣҲǹ, ײǾʬ
ĻǱһֻСľڸ꣬ȴ޶ѿЦһ, С, ˵ǲǸͲң
ȥ, ȻЦ, Цȴ̺ſɬ, һ
㲻, 㻹Ұ, ĵܵ, ܱʲôҶ㡣
û˵, ֻͷץ׵ľӣָȥĺڱͷ, ׽Ǹָҧ
׹׵, ﷢Ķ, ȴŵú, ʱ͵һ۳, ۲᲻
Ͽʲô, ָͷȥĺڱͷҧʱָֽƿҧա
˾ɵ˻ҴҧϷٴγ׼һҧȥʱȴһסգҲϲ£
Ѷ˶֣׵ͷҲŻζͷڳһ¡
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˲ҡȻԼͷųѡ
ҲͷС˫㶵Բ۾ͻȻſ֣ʳָͷСڣЦڵСףĳˡ
ĳˣ˭
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Ѳûн⻰˵ȥ°ͣ˵һ£ȥţ湻˾ͻǬ¹Ҫˡ
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׿ųѽ¹ϣһס˵ţ֪ûȥҲ̵幬
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Ҳ֪ô£ܾˣͷüΣȴʲôҲûš
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תͷȥʲôҲûУֻתͷ󣬾ֱһ
ʱ촽ĺ಻Զĵط
վԭûǱԶʲôעȴû˿Ԥ׵ͻȻת˸
ٶȺܿ죬ת⧲ضһŰײҲҵ˫ֻкɫͫʵ۾
໣
ŵ÷һҽУëըԭرĵϸߡ
غŲ·ؾҪܣΪ̫ţ»˼Ҷٵҷɡ
ոմܳȥʱͻȻǹޣ޾ǳߣ޵ĵܵܡ
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ȻͿͱ˱ƺҪˣΪ飬Ե÷ǳĹ졣
㲻ҪлǺú˵ޡ׸Ͻֵ
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׾èèǱ
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硣
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ղžǶᳶ䡣
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ײǺĻŬ̽ϰȥȻֱǰȴڳһֻֽԴѹȥҶ
Ҳ䲻ˡ
ҹ֣¹ɴ׸ųһ첻ͣ㷢С
磬ңҾúÿģȳ˻Ҫġ
ɲԾң
һһߵĺ

ѼҪҪ죬סˣֻ׵ԴԴϴС
ҺǬ¹ԶԶǾһֱȥֻĽԶ˻۰ɣ
ۡڼ̵³֡
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ء
ҿ㱧Һɣûдתת顣
Ѵʱӻͦ顣
һֱġ
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ֱɫ°׵÷⣬һźƵģԼҲð׵Щۣ쵽ǰʣ磬㿴Ұײף
۾ֱԴûϣǿԶ
ǰΣ㿴ְҰƤ
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44¡л
ߴ, һ绮ûκԤ׵
׸о˼αҶ, Ҳҳѳ, ֻʱ۾
ɲ˵ȴֱ۽˽Լţӿ˽²
׻Ǭ¹, һ·Ĺ˶Ƽˣ۹۱Ǳǹĵһԡ
ȵ޵˴ضڱɴ, ַԸϽȥԡ
, ֮ѾЩɢ, ¶ļ羱ǡϵؿų, ˵ð, ȥ, ݵٻ㡣
⸱¹ڲģ, ˫ˮ, óƿߣЩӲصȥ¶, Աߵԡϴ
Ŷ
Ǻܿ죬ѾͶԼ
ͷ, ѿèèءèèϴϴء
ٴдֺ, ϵıӻذͷ, ߡ
ɹӻȹ, æʣ, ʲôԸ
Ҫȥ԰ӹ䡣
ɹۻȾͷ, ΢ȵصǱ£ء
վûػֻĬעǰ
һ¶ˮһݣԩҿèèءĵèèƯء
ɹһתūȥ׼ɡ
߽԰ӣɹɡͷϣ˳ֽӹԼţǳɹһɡվ
٣ǲ̲㱻վ˺ðΣ۽°ڶˮʪѲſʵ
ɡž죬ԶľӳŨصĺҹ
ɹҲصǣǰźŵĴ̫٣㱻ȥ
߿ץסѲϣʵ
ɹ˵ܵˣ˽빬ֻϴ¾Щֻ˸ڹûףڲѾЩüĿҲǳʱ񱪸ˡ
С׾ȵģ
ǡ
ūѾ˱źˣû²Ҫ뿪޵Ҳ־ҹѲߡɹ
ѳĬƬ̣ÿɷת߰ɣȥˡ
˸裬ҲúܾˣɤӶЩƣŴľͰȥ̷ڰϵѡ
ɫ˯˯㣬ϣϺ󳤶̴Сܺʡ׶˶ϵˮ·⡣
ƿԡʱôӴŽҲûһۣԡߡ
ۼؿ°ڶʪˣʣȥˣ
š
ȥȻҡ״Уմʧ˺͸ˣˮĻᡣ
ͷҲصؿԡһš
С̫ŸӸ׽ͷȵʸɺ󣬳ôԡ
Ǵźɫԡۣ¶һСƬˮĽʵţڲ׵ճ˹ʱ΢΢ɫϵ˶ۡ
С̫໻һҪȥѲͷ׽ӽӹȥϢɡ
С̫ûԣӦȥ
鰸ǰۣĺڷʹڱҲһЩ
ѧС̫࣬øһ½ʪȻЩ׾ºᣬȥҲģ
ѵͷӲһĲšϣȴֻӷʱɳɳײʱһǽ˵ĵӰѵõûп˵ֻļְ
գ鷿
ĦеľͷС·վŵĲ磺˼ǣѾˣԿгȣ
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ѴĴָ˳ľͷʶػȦǾͽհɣȥׯӡ
ƶɮȥ׼ֻ½幫Ҳϣ겻ԸΣֻ幫Ӹƶɮʱ֪Ķ򡣡
׽ִѣһϮɫ幬צֺԪ˻չʾԼѣŷǬ¹
·ѵǿʱҲñɱȥȡѡ
һҹ֦꣬Ѿʪ͸ˣֱˮСĵضϣ·šɡ
š£۽ˣһƳֿ˹ŲҰ׵
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߷Ŷ, Сȥ׵ͷһվͷġ
ͷһƬ, ̲ס˸ս
ƺϲԼ, ã¶һԳ֮ΪЦݵ飬ʹȥҲôɲˡ
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Ȼվǿ, ȴֻһֱ, ż, ԭתȦ, ΢ض˶β͡
ȻٿʱȻû, ȴԼһξ롣
ƮƮģ
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˲, һβڿ˲Ӱ
Ȼ, һ˲˼
ǰһ, ٵڵϴŰ׶ƤֻСצڿкٶٱȥߡ
ܺãˡ
С·϶ûˣʱʱ㶯˴·ϡ
ӭ̣³Ҫŵʧæȥȱ߰ز䣬ٽƽԱߵһԼſԡ
ܽӲǿҲ꣬ͽס̾ûƼƵģֱԱ߾ͷҲصˡ
ŶˣֻƼޡ
ʶ׾͸ˣſߵ·ϣ̺ͻֻó泯ǽվãҲͲˡ
˹ſڣ״˳ȥȴҳֻվԶԶĵط档
ײڹǽսǴʵû˰취ֻó嵽ſڣĳ˸ֻǰצڵ˼
һֵڵͻȻӲߴֻܳͷ˶İèƤӵߣʱȵŴ졣
ɻϸǴèַɿ˻ȥչǽˡ
տҿһֻèڵ
ˣһΪۻˡ
⸽ʲôˣӣèӳˡ
ʵҵһֻӰСӡ
Ŷ˵ֻ񱪣ٽû׼һֻ

һ嵽ĵطǽͷ֪Ѿ£ֻԼҪǧټ٣ܲ¶Ͳ¶
ԱͻȻһˣһڣתͷһǳߡ
èè
ַǷ֪ߺ£һլΧǽûЩֵĶ߾ԭʧһ˲ǽͷϡ
Ҷ׷СҶдԾƬݶϣһ·ųŶȥ
;᲻ʱͷ߸ûС
ûУߣߺܿͳԡ
˴Խ˾ǣͨţСɱȥׯӵϣʼո
ׯӣֱһɽ·ҡͺǵԵĳͻȻͣŲˣֻվԭؿ
ɲסţСܵԣԴȣ﷢ĺ
߰ɣǰˣǶ㡣
ųֳ־飬ССˣʼ·ĹľԡҲͣһߴ·һ߷ߣ㲻ҪʧҪʧȥǰǶߣ±£أҲء
߶ڱ˭ȴһںˡ׻æϵ´ֳڵèèҾǸղźһèè
èè
ԶԶԣèè
ͣ˺ˣ׽ƽԱߵԣ泯ɽվš
泯ǽͲˣڹһȥȥͻأҡ
ֻ߳ͷܵܣվҪܰ
ľګһ˿૵ܵܡܡ
ڵɽһκ󣬻ͷ߻һ泯ɽվţĵ˹ȥ
ɽ绹ڼ̨ǰɢһֽңҡϵл塣վڳߣûгԴߴ٣ҲûвͷˣҲһͷһĺ
ǰȥʣ磬ǲʲôУ
żͣҡ壬ŭ㡪
һ죬ôĴָŻﱧŵĽһؽгʡ
¾ҪڵԺرࣺˣڰ·ˣ·ҹ̣ǹζסͿ쵽ˡ
תɽţһ۾Ϳ˳ѵӰһô¡æܹȥż˷ܵ磬Ұѵܴܵˡ
ֻ˼һ˲˼ٿץסֱۣߴˣ
ţǵģȥаˡæصͷ
û˵ȥ룬̶ʱڣôﵽ˸أֻסֱۣĶ
˻ץˡ
ɿ֣Լֱ۵Աߣ̫ˣҹ˵ӺСġ
תġ
ڡ
е˶ǲߣֻ²硣
ǡ
˼ĳߣͬһȺĺУףĶ
ǣ֣˵Ҵȥ
ǣԼȣ˳Ҳɽǰһ·ϸϸضȻСһ㰡Ҫˡ
׾ʪ䣬ֵؿһۣȴɫ糣ƽʱû˿
߹ȻվǶ泯ɽһԶԶֻһССӰ
ǣųͣ󣬷ܵܣǵĸˡ
߻泯ɽڣ˵ܵܣתˡ
תڿѺһŵԱŲ׸Ͻ±£ǵĸѽ£Ǹ硣
ͻȻŵú᣺𣿡
ţǰ˵
ѵߴӳϴǰɽϣɤỽߡ
׿ȻûٺµضãȻƺ֪ڻԼ
Ѷǰ֣ߣߡ
˫ǽڷQh͵ڳǰȴҲûһۡ
Ѿ֣׿ֿߣ˵ҪȥͷҿԽȥѽ
ѳĬţƬ̺ջ֣վȥżįȥˣ
׿ӰʧתǴ߽ߣСĵèè磬èèܸܵ߰ɡ
èèֻжèèŻԵķӦ
߹˳ظǰɽȡչɽں׿Ϳ˹ɿɨһȦִ
ȻһãҲһֱƽǰȴιס׵һǡ
Ѿӭ𣿡
׿Сˡ
Ҳϻת̨̤ȡһֽϵȼдʡŹͻȻ磬ܲŵлᦴ죬лҲҡΣз졣
ԽԽԼ˻𺿿ޣؼȻɫѹĴһƬơ
±˵ǳߣҲˣƵƵȥԶĳѡ
ҪԻųߣѾȥˡ
һֱʱҲ̧ۣӭߺһžᲽ˹
ոսӽʱһץס֣סһʳָʱƽ˲١
ɮ۱ĶһĴͻȻһվľһ绮׿̨ǰĿȻʼŤˮһ·ֳһתԲΡ
ʱѿջľת׷ߣ˴֮أȥȥĵط
׵ͷȥߣɶһ£ֻӵϲ֩ƵīɫѪܣȥƽʱҪɲƺʹ࣬۾ǸյԲιţ뿿ֽ߬׵۲š
ֽľ׼գӾ壬ɴͶ㵽󣬱סȡ
ʱȻȴƼ׵۱״Ҳܲ³֡
ͣ£ͣһͣͻȻֹ˲磬ּףԳ𣿡
׳ɵںѽŲѽ
ȴʱͻȻǰһŻֽȥгߵıģͬʱΣ
׸оȵһؿѣȴֱֱԼ
ѽִȡߵ󣬶ȥ
Ȼ׵ȣ·Ҳ֪ʹ໹Ǻ£ҵطŲ
׺תȥȴûֻԭվţߣߣǸ硣
߶ûκηӦȥļ磬ָû˿Ԥ׵ͻȻתͷſ죬в˻
¡֮Ҫǰͼױתסߵļ±£Ầ㣬°Ǹ硣
߼ų׺ݺУȴװסܳǰֻֻܻųָ׵֡
˭óʵܺ£ֻΪֹѶĿ
ȴڿ۾Ѹٷ˺졣鲻֣븧ϳߵȴݺһץֱ϶ʱ𼸵Ѫۡ
ߣߣ㻹ǺŸ𡭡ƽϣ¶޴ʹ顣
ƳߣǰһԳѵ£ĻӲǺ㣬Ѿûǣ˭ʶ
ûǣ
ͳһŻֽҧʳָ滭ͼٴΰڳ߱ϣĻӻȻѾãȴȻ粻壬ʹһķС
ʣʲôӰ죿
·ģķĻӵĻûзֺ˺
ڷʱ类Ѩһ㣬ͻȻͣ˻ץӡ
Ҫɿ§ͷֱ֣ܵܣףף׺òã
ʼտųѣ۵׽ɻ󣬲һƬľȻҲƺڴڻ䣬ϸϡ
ߡٴζ֡
˵ע£գգۣ̫³֣硭硭
ѵ¶ϲƱ飬ǰ߽§ڻ
硭硭磬硣ֻϸСĸ첲Ҳ˳ѵĲ
ѽڳССļϣֻܿƺڴڴ
磬ҺܹԵģĻûеܡȻķƺֲرѣȻ˵ǰĻ
ʱͻСҲ塣
ֱۻսɳƵţ綼֪綼ף߹ԣǸԲ㡣
ԶĹŻתԥǰѵ£ſ˶ãٵȥ»ʧġ
̧ͷ׿۽вˮۣųߵʵǸ㣬޸𣿡
ҡͷػص޸磬ϲ硣
ȥһطԼĸԸȥ𣿡ʡ
Ǹأʡ
绹ҪһʱŻǼ档ȥɿɲӣؽǰ˿ӿĸһŸ磬ܻԲġ
ţ绰
ʹرۣʱ§ڻվ׾ȵط֣˲䣬⾰ͻȻˣɽȺͼ̨ʧʱһƬѩС
ƮѩƬĿããһƬף֦ŭŵĺ÷ʵ筡
Ȼһ÷԰
һСͣǰ̵ĳ
§ڻĳߣѾȥǸģױСкúģһ㣬ƻˡ
̤Żѩǰ˦ţһ§ųѲӣһֱľͷС˵ͣ
磬Ľӡ
磬䲻ѽ
磬㿴úЦ
Լ磬ߵŷѩתͷһǡ
һ˳໬£µĻѩ˲ʧ
еţͣ½Ų߲ͷͻȻĨȥϵˮۣ磬ޡ
öͷ֣Ҳܵ͵ػӦ粻ޡ
߶˶壬ʾҪµأѽºСȣԼֻľͷС󲽴󲽵š
ߵתĹǰҪȥȴתųһЦֵ磬ȥĸ
Ѿ˵ͨ۾ҧúܽڷȴҲֻ̧˻ӡ
ֿԶףһֻ£ߣèè
ټҲŶ֣صп氡
һԵĲ̲סһۡ
ֱͬѺ׵˱𣬳߲ͣת˹ţǸССӰʧڹź
Ľ룬ҲȻӿʧΧĳҲѩֱ˿ʼɽȡֻǺХѾͣϢƿƣӷ϶½ɫâ
Ƽѻһվǰʹͷǰȥվࡣ
ǶȿȥѵĽëŨܣһϸ޵ĹΣȥ§סѵСĵ˵ܵѾˣ磬ǻؼҰɡ
Ѱκ̧ͷϻۣŹʧĵطĹ¼ҹˡ
ŨŨĹ¼źʹࡣ
˵ÿ׻ס֣תɽȥ



46¡ĸҪѣ
¼ҹ, ¼ҹˡ
Ĭʣȴʲô˼׷ߵĲ磬ʵͷ硪
ʲôͷ磿вʦɮ۰ڼųѡ
֪, ʦĵ
ʣʲô£
ʣʦ, ֪¼ҹʲô˼𣿡
翴ǰĳѣҡͷ֪ȥʱˡ
׼ΧҲûˣһð, Ȼȥʱ£Ҿȥʡ
ôſھͺ˵˵أʲôʱȥʱµģ级ɫˣ, ҽ, 𵽴ȥˡ¼ҹ, Ȼһ˼
Ȼ
ʧȥ, ĸװܵܰʲôġѹ, , ˡ
׹û, ֻ˼ؿǰѵıӰ
簵ɵӵ뷨˼ά, ˼⸱﷢ëֶ䲻ȥʡ
Ѿ֪˼, Ͳʵġױ֤
˻ػʹֻ׺ͳˡѶעų, ־ͷֱλϡ
ŲŲ, һֻḲǵֱ, о΢˶, Ͻսס
硣, ѵĽë¡
硣ø, ߣǽĻһص㲻ǹ¼ҹˣ㻹ҡһԶ㣬һֱߡ
׵ᣬȴ֣أ˵ѵֱ֣Լϡ
תͷϣĿЩȴûֳ
ױֱֽϲ˲䣬ųЦ¡
֪Լ۶ĽŲεκѶʣһֱң
һֱ㡣׺ԥػص
עƬ̣׿ĸӣƬ̺ŵ֪⻰˼ҪһֱңǾǴ;Ҳ㷴ڵĻᡣ
۾һȺ£
ɵӲźڡ
ֲɵӡ
Ҳڡ׸ɴػصèè˵һ
û䵽κϣ˻׻ȻЦЦ
ҡΣĹ͸ѵɫôĴָ׾ĦƬ̺˸̶̵֣á
صʹ׾ʽסǬ¹
ɹûѯʳŵ⣬ָֻС̫ȥԱǼշ
ҲǺ͸סһҪסһ𡣡ȻǼշڳԷڣҲ⣬ס幬ʲô𣿺͸úԶ
ɹ̧ȥɫֻվڴԶûгֹһת̱ūȥٲһ±ɴ
ȴڴʱصãʰɣٷһŴ齡
ǣɹǾ㵣ž͸˻صʰŴ齣ūȥ
Ǿǳѷʹ֢ʱԼĵطɹ˽ǽϵٰһܵľ
ܴܽмҲֻһ磬׻ǲ̫⡣
ܲܰõܴһ𰡣
ƳһָۣĿڵðɺðɣǿҲС
ɹһвףźһ⣺ʵڲѡվҪ˵İҲסʲô£
ʵȷ˵ڲѡǵѡ˺˵ɡ
ο̷˻ʵ۶꣬Ҳ׾ʲô˼
̫ɹҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
ֻһ¹ռ˺ܴһƬǽѾǸ幬ȡ˿̯̾ڴϡû̶֣Լ¹·
·࣬ǸսʱͨԼӜ޴ģϴ÷׵ľۡ
׽ƽ¹ͬǼ˵ľۡҺú߳һɫĺֿۣұԼǼȡֱЩ֮䡣
ҵҪ͸İһ𡣡ϲ̵ص
ԪϢϲǲΰ룬幬Ժڳѵף̾˿㣬ĸ׻˵黢Ժ˭˵壿οӣҪѱŭ˿ô죿
ģ¿ϲˡ׹̬̾˿ȻϲôأȻֻ
Ԫһۣϸһ˿Ц
ԪҪһǬ¹ס𣿡׽һԪ
Ԫѵȥźµģȥź㣬ôУͺúôǬ¹ֽŷڿЩҪлĥīŲЩ£÷ԸҪȥ
ɷнµصͷҺڿģֻҪĥīȥġ
ţǾСԪο幬»ĹҾͻסɣ幬Ūá
ƽеû£幬ЩĲݵضٳ˲ˣײݫӳһƬҪȥǬ¹᲻á
ðɣֻҪ˾ͻ㡣˵
Ԫãд۵
һԪ̣ôûҰЩˡ
Ԫ˵ʵ飬ֻȥ϶µˣżԺġ
ʱܳ嵭һУţվͻᵭ˰ɡ
ã鷿һøߴ治֪ʱһ񳲣żֻӽ
״Űɫ˿ƵĳСڣһС鰸ǰëֽϱ׾дԼ֡ЩִСһʻߵˣдú档
ѸһӣÿҪϿһʱҲȫ޳Ҳѧд֡
ΪʲôаװףҪװëʸڱʼϣ˦ʹ󣬡磬Ҵӽаװ׺òã
áԱߴһ
׵С鰸ԣڷһŴ鰸ۡѾڴ鰸󣬴ۡ
ΪʲôҲܽаװأ׾ʡ
Ϊ塣ͷҲ̧ػص
ΪʲôҪǸأתת飬Ҹպòã
ƤƳһۣתͷۣȴʵѩף
Զԣѩףϲѩף쳤ֱۣԼֽݹȥ磬дҵ֣дѩ֡
ѿŸס۵ֽڻʣֽϷɿдѩɷĴ֡
дáϲ̵ȡϸǸֺͿôʻҪдҪʮ졣
ϵıʶ˶٣żġ
׽ֺѩַȽϣţˣһǽװɡ
׼д֣ڻָ˰ֻ紵Ҷͱʼֽϵ΢ɳɳԵӰס
ֻݰûãֿʼҡΣȻûзԱߵĳѿһۡ
ڶʲô
ҵĽź۰ҪЪһд
ʣдֽΪʲôۣ
ػأΪдֵʱ򣬽ֺҲд˾;úۡ
Ѻ̾˿ô
ʱߺרע۾ڳģͫ￴һССԼ
һͣȴûзü˵ʲô
ظһ͡
˵ʲôѵ
ֻóȥһ
𴲾͸ŷϿΣźֱѾ鷿д֣ȷʵЩͷˡ
Ѳû˵ʲôֻתͷһۿ֪׼˵˼ȴҲұֵ̫ϲ⣬ȵؽëʷͲպϵֽߡ
֮ǰԳȥʱҴҾܣīֽⶼգᱻѺסҪʰãҪٷдһƪ֡
ҳȥһ㲻ҪżҺܿͻ㡣
˵󣬽ֱ⡣·ѵ鰸ʱͻȻűиŴСİɫԲƷ̲סȥ
һðɫƤëƵԲ棬ֻм䰼ȥһ飬Щ֡״ûڷ￴ⶫڻǵһμţӦǿʼŮͽġ
磬ʲôʵ
ţѲطʡ
űԲѡ
Ѵۿ۽űߣ˵㲻˵𣿡
˵ʲôˣ
Ǹѡ
ʱ׷ʣǸ˭׼ѣ
ţԡѱס񣬸ûעʣܲĵطܻص
Ǹ˭׼ѣ׵е㼱٣ûѵע⡣
ţԡѼܡ
һ̣е۾ͱͻȻߡ
ѻû˳߹ۣ㵵̧ۣŴһŭ
׽ž鰸ϣѽűߵԲǰ˼¡
Ǹ˭ѣ˭еܻʡ
ѵһԲؿס
ÿ¶ʱòУҲ֣ΡڲͬʻգֻǣƫƫҪˡ
οѾ֣ѾʵҲûϵĳͷûƨɡҲڳǰԽԽ󵨡
ǸĸҪѣ
ŭǲ㱡ƤҲһɫ˿ȥܼ
仰ǳ˳飬Щ֡
׺٣ؿڸǵͨ죬һģȴִֵǸԲѣڿжѿ
ðȻǳҪˣʲôҲ֪ģ
Щ̣Ų֪ĶðĻѣЩͷԵʱô



47¡Һϲ
뷢ŭ, ƼǷźۿȥ
żεصǾǸֻèѡ
èèȴûΪ仰Ȼ, ȥ˼ί, Ƭ̣û˿Ԥ׵أͻȻԲڵϣ÷۾˳һ, תݡ
ѾԭţһֱӰʧſڣҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ, ԲѼ, ·ڽűߡ
׶һ, ŲɿسǬ¹, ɹ·, ȥĶ, ͼҲ, һ, ֱԲˡ
ɹŲˮƵؽ, ۲ѵɫ糣, ū幫, ȥӡ
, ƢѼ, ȥûŭ⡣
˵ʲô, ±ʳɹ, ⷿа׺Ƥ𣿡
УţСһţʣšɹص
˵ѾˣȡһŸΧɡ
ɹһ㶣뵽ղ׵ŭ״̽ʵ幫ǲ˱¸С˺Ƥӣ
Ѷ˹ˮƲűǣɲյʡ͵ĵƣ߻źöʲôҪһҪ֡
ﲢûŭֻż޿κΣȴҲ϶˳ɹĲ²⡣
ɹҲЦ幫ԣɲͰźö
ҡҡͷû˵ʲôɹ˳ȥ
һ˶԰ӣ½ŲŸ֦ԱߵĹľûɵǰߡ
ףȥĶԱߴһŮ
תͷһ۾ͿԶվŵϣһЦӯӯؿ
ƯáȻ鲻ãҲ֪к
ЦȹĹŮҲЦֲؽѵ幫ӿɲܺҳƺ̫Ҫƺ̫
Ŷ֪ˡֵ̫á
ԡʵȥĶ
ֻߣ֪ԼȥĶãȻû
Ҳ⣬ȹŮݸһ֣˵԰ɡ̫ɹɹӹǺá
׽ӹ֣лת뿪ߵԶͷϻ΢ЦҲǿЦ£תǰߡ
˿Ƨʯͷ£ѹػŸղŵ£ѹس֣òС
Ϊʲôֻ㻹Ҫȥè
ΪʲôҪèѣ
һ߷ߣһԹִŵֻèɴС·ϣȥ԰ӡ
԰ӵҰèǺܿ;ۼԼ棬ԼصһԣЩĿèѲҵóѸѵһֻ
ϾҲûè˵ĴèӦþЩèеһԱ
ֻëɫ˳ֻͺһ飬ֻͷ̫СԲǴè
һϲëɫ˳أһϲͺأһȻͷ̫СҲǴèأ
׻Żûʧ飬è˸顣յĿⲻ̫ƣЩèоˣԽԽսľҲˣصһԿ
ʼûҵֻпܵèױڲƺϣһ졣èҲ¿ʼ׷
ܿϦɽ԰һȥ׵ĶƤҲʼ
Ԫճ˹ûȥ幬ɾǬ¹ܾ˳ﲻʲԸЩûӡֱҰèҲʼصɢȥҳԵģŻ˻צӡ
߰߰ɣ߰ɣһ˾
Ұè̼䶼ܹˣ˻̵Ǭ¹ߡ
Ǳ粻֪ף׾ӻȥҲû档
صǬ¹޵ΧһȦѻ鷿ǰ㽫ϵ·ϣٴģ߹ȥԾ˴̨
Ȼһƨ£ҲȥѣֻͷԼצӡ
ѲؽʸرʼܣֵСף
ҲŲȥأһ
ЦһͷšһԣֻצצȴܿƵشӴ̨˽ȥ
ŤŤ˼ߵ鰸Ϻ۾ųѣǰצȴԱߵıͲôţצһ
Ͳ㵹ıʶ˳
ǣҹġ
;úһֻ˿С
צӣ˲ַ崹ɳһצҲԡ
󾱵תҲת˳ŷŴĿ
ôˣ鲻ã
ѿֻûɵСûйͷƵĴɳԴƤţ㽫ൽš
ɲر𲻺á
ųѵɿ󾱵ֻ֣̱ϣһſҪڻţҡ
ѵͷױתߣ鰸һǡ
⼸ȥĶˣһֱû㡣ѵͳʱҲڸ
ȥĶҪ𣿷è
׼װûȻ鰸
㣬ȥĶˣסҡҡ
ˣֶŵġ
׽ֻѳƽƽԴϣ
ʣ治ˣ˭ˣ
׽ֻתЦַۣ˸Ƴһԡ
̫ԣͻȻЦЦǻ׵Ҳ΢΢
㿴ȥö㿴ϲϲ
Ȼȴǿ˹ȥϵĶֻ۾Ȼɴˡ
ѴԼϵСԾһ۾˻еİ׺Ƥѣʵϲ𣿸ѡ
׾ȵֱ壬צǸѡɫĺƤŹָỬϸ壬ǳ
ԭ޸ѡ
ԭûèֻһ
ѻϲϲͼСڵشԾֻצ§סӣͷ˳Ϸ¡
ƴͷ󲻵òһֻסСԣֹסб¶ʽ
ˣ֪ϲˡ
ѽѺ׶µأϵĿˮϲ̵Уֻȥ
ѿСһɣֻצӳסԴڳƣһţצ̯رۣװ˯ģһСࡣ
ţͻȻоԼ̻¶С˲
Ǹλ̫ˣ͵һۿǸҵʼٸߣȫѸٵر˷ۺɫ
ȻƤëסˣ˫۾ȴβסеգеؿųѡ
ζעС˫ˮԲ۾ȴ˿û߲֮ɫʵˣ
׷˸צס
ѷõЦָƤëϲĻסɡ
׸ͷӦͻȻԼС׵£￪ʼѡ
СҪ˯ô죿
ҪǺסһСûְ
ûеӦֻצ䰮׺Ƥѣž͵Сų鷿š
·صѽԷѾͷԼ˯Ǹϡ
ºˣСףͬʱ˯˯ѡ
׽ѾͰͷԣצģתͷʱֳѾվſڣһֻأһ°ͣؿ
׶ųѵ͵ͽ
ҾͰѰˡ
ߵߣֻѣЩΪѵ̾˿
˵ϣצѹסͷؿ
ҾҪѷ˭Ҳ׼ߡ
ڴ£˸׵ͷһСףⴲˣܲ㽫ѷͷԱߡ
ĵⴲ˾ңҷǳԼѷͷԡ
־Ҫȥѣȴſ潫ѻס
ЩΣôһأҪʲôͷǵռסٸһܴòã㵽ʱѷǴϡ
ױͷԲӦ
ֺֺЦֱ˵ãҪҪֵĻҾҪߡ
ֻҪһԼĵַ̱ǸĵˣģЩͷ۵İס̫Ѩ
һתôᳳأҿ϶ᰡ
ųصͷ
㣬ҪֵĻ㽫ߡ
ԡ΢Ц°͡
ֻǰצųҧѾУЩĲɵƵƵתͷȥ⡣
ɫѺͷٴʱתһ̵֡
¡Ž
˵ˣȥ԰ףˡ
ǡ
˵ſڣֵ԰ûˣȥ幬
ȵƳź󣬳ѲСͻȻû˶ҲûмС
ôˣͷȥʡ
С㶿ûлػ
ѵ£ҲǸϲֵӣ浽һġ
׶Ȼع
Լȥˣ˼ôҰȥ幬ҲûԼԪҲżİɣ
ΪСڽ׾ҪҪٰ䣬ͼͻȻӴվŴһԾ;ԲϽԾϴ̨ͷҲصʧڴ⡣
һ˲æ򴰻棬ֻŴӰﻹСӰ
ղǻϲѺʹˡЩʧš
״Ҵҽ·ãӣҵǼѰֻ̣Ǭ¹
տ޵Է㿴վڴԵĳѣŲתͷ΢ü
춼˻ѻû˵棬׶ֱ˹һͷС
ѿںڵķɲǵȴЩѵĻȥøࡣ
׵ļ磬ʵʲôˣǲ˭ίˣ
˫ֽסѾʵ̧ͷ۾гЦ˵ûʲô£Ҿ;øá
һԲشֽؿڣ߲߷ĺߺ
ס°̧ͣʵûʲô£
ûа׵°ͱǯסػ
ɿ°ֹͣ۲飬ȷȷûʲôº󣬱㽫ϵ溰š
ǡ⴫̵ĻӦ
ҪϿֵסƿվֱˣûͷƵġ
ߡ
ȴʱȥԡ֣Ҳһ𡣹ŮֱˮڼϣѲ䣬Ĩ̴ӣĭˮ衣
׵Լˮ۾ȴһֱųѵ֡
ѵֹǽڷϰ֮˵Уָ޳׿Ŀת
ѳŮĸӲ֣ﵭҪˮˡ
㶵ʡ
ѽӶ̣׵ȥתԡſߣϴɾ㣬ϴɾ׼Է
Ŷ
׳ԡ󣬷ԲѾ÷ˣȴûмȥ£ǻصԼϣǸ׺ƤѱڻȥڳѶ档
Ѹն룬׻ıѺ΢΢һҪˣᣬ㿪ڽ͵ѡ
Һϲѽûȴһ㲻黳ϧѡ
ѿѱڣеüʹ棬ҲȥѯôͻȻͨˣĵĴ֡
Է˿Ž׵ʼԷ



48¡ԳΧ
, Ѱϰߣȥӣ, һֽ̿
Ҳ˹ȥ, վԱߣ֪ʱΪжѱпܽ, Ϣվһԡ
ʱרעŨܵĽëʹճ, ׿һ, ֿһ
⼸㻭ûһ߻Զɽ, һͷҲ̧ʡ
˵̹ˡ
㻭ô
׳˼˻, صûҵٵúá
㻹ѧ˵٣ѲĿһۡ
ץץԼֱ, һ, Ҳ˺þˡ
ѽƺĺ, Ŵµ̧̧°ͣȥһ
, Ҫҵ٣׾ϲʡ
ѵıʶ˶٣ͻȻЩԼ, ԥûлش
ѾԹߵԣ°ڿ, ҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
˫ָ, ̧俴ȥô, óﰲЩ

һ, , תͷ, ¶΢ɬЦձ߸һСѡ
ͷʾԿʼˣﰵ⣬Ȼ᲻ΣҪ佱ôһġ
ˣչ黹Ǵˡ
׵һ󣬳Ժֳֻһ仰
Ǭ¹˼Һ·һﱵݺﱹ˵ĶĤֱֱУ裬ԽһŽ
˫ϼǰҡ΢΢ĿƺԼС
ףûӷѧᵯ٣ֻѧ˵ٵĶ顣
ҪףɿģڻûгֻһСα֡
ֲ´ˡ
ͷѿèèءèèϴϴء
׿ʼߵ߳鲢ïѡ
ûԥȾߣճţͿɹææӭԶм¶ʹС̫̽ͷ̽ԡ
£Ҫȥ԰䣿ɹʡ
䡣Ѵ̤ߣɹϽȥ
ȳѴ԰ӻʱѾԡ뿿ǼܴͷϣýģﱧǸѡ
ѿһۣû˵ʲôֻӹ̵ȥԡɵԡʱ׾ȻԭĶû
Ҳûͷӵݸ̣غźҲԼĴбڴͷϿᡣط˺üҳƤҲ̧˵ˣ㵯ٳˣܲ
ģеɵʣΪʲôˣ
ַһҳʱе¾ˡ
¶ЦһŰѣϲĻҿԾġ
鲻䣬۾ҳԺͷɡ
ͷͷֻµţ˱ط
̧ۣƳ˽űߴŷıӾĬĬ˿
ʱѾ磬ᣬͷϵںڰȥ˵ˣ˯
š׹ȻûٷڱһֻƬ̧̺ͷȥͷŴϵĳѡ
͸ǲ㱡Ĵʣţ˫ֽǰ¹Ӵŵĳ޶ɼ
磬Ų𣿡׿һͻȻʡ
ûƺ˯ˡ
ԾȤȥ۾ͷĴʣһʣ˯Ҫˣϰ𣿡
ûѻش𣬵Ĭ˰˲󣬺ҹоһͳϰߡ
ٿ˷ܵʣû˯Ű
żַɵ
Ŷû˯ҲԼ棬׼˵
˯ɣ˯ˡײѺǳԼĻᣬԹ˱ѡ
ȵڳװֻƽȹɵ󣬳ѲۣһֻᰴС
Դװᵽͬͬסĥʹ֢ûٷˣ˿ͬʱŨŨԻ
طֻҪĴ򣬶ιȴû˿Чá׻С׺һһܿʹ֢
нһֻèƵġӰѵ˯ߣƽ
Ҳȥ룬۾ʼ˯
ֹ˼գʼÿһȵˡ
ʼԳھʮĵطȦļɽͷÿ굽ʱʵ۱ʼӵԼ߹ǵĹӣһȥԳԡ
һ㲻֪飬΢΢㱻˴ҡѣۿԪЦ
Ԫ̣ôأ۾ڳݲʡ
ԪϵһϮװˣҲϽҪȥȥԳ
ԳʲôطǴȥĶԣҪȥҪȥ𣿡׵ʡ
ҪȥģҾͲȥˣɹҪű£ҾҪǬ¹Ѱſӳû¡
Ԫһ߸һ߽װúתһȦЦӾǺÿܱǵһѹӳºÿˡ
ţҿÿ
׽ûʲô˼ԾգֻʽԵŤŤȲܣԪ׽סϴŷųǬ¹
㳡Ѿͣ˼־ǶţֻûпѵӰ
վ̨϶ѲĺĿˣæһ
ĸ磬أ̽ͷ׷ʡ
ںͼλ˵Ȼ
䣬̨Ͼˣ׵߸ɨȥм˵ϲˡ
ѽմźɫװƤѥԳ޳ͣһϮҷأȥӢͦΡ
׾رÿȻƽųʱҲÿǲһĺÿ̽ϰܲ˵ضǷӶ˫֡
磬磬⡣
׵Ǽ˰ѵע⣬뿴˹ӭϳߺ¶ϲЦݣֵ
ѿûӦֻƿߣǼ˱˵ߡ
ʧ˳ᣬͷָµĻƤ棬Ǵٵú졣
ͻȻƿϲ̧ͷȴǳѣһĽ
һĲߵĺľʳУݸ׵ӣǱýġ
״˴æֽ˹
һֵֻ˹״δ
ʵʲô
³
ҲǱҵ𣿡ʡ
ͷԣ˵·Ͻơ
˳󣬶鿪ʼнֳ˾ǣһ·ŶϷԳȥ
׽ʳиӽҿڵĹ𻨸棬ûżԣǲľȡһһϡ
ڶҲǵģǹ۽ĲװһЩʡ۾ЩСʳϴתָһι죬ʱ⡣
۽Ӽ˿𻨸ι죬ϸϸؽţϸЦղųѲʧҲһɨա
ӾǵԳҪн죬ľ³оͷҲ㲻⵽ʲôһԣſǰ
ǰȺżֳѵӰͦεϣһԵøĿ
ֻҪͻᰡһ۾ֱɵǱӰֻص鿴ĵطʱְ̾һ
ʱڵԳ׸ĴѰҳѡ
幫ӡԱߴһ
תͷȥֻ˵װİˣϴ΢Ц
߽ͣǰԴִٵ˸幫ӣǲ֪·ҿԴȥ
ײʶȴ˹ģЩ죬ڻʱҽܵ԰ĺ߼幫һ档
ҽס׼˵Ҳºͣ㻹һʣں߼ôǵˣ
Ϊ裬΢Ц»ں߹ۺ裬幫ӴﾭǵҲ
ͷ£ڼ£ʣҼǵ㣬Ǹͤ
ԣ幫Ǻüԡ֪ȵĻʲôɫ΢΢Щ졣
Ŷҵȷ֪·Դȥлл㡣գգ۾
ҡޣãȻؽ
ʱԱСܹһ׵ӣ·Ը´ȥӪء
Ŷõġ׸Žֻ߳ͷ˻֣ˣлл㰡
Ŀ׵ıӰҲСţֱϴһֻ֣ڶߵ˵幫Ǳߵģסжͬһӡ
ͱ鶼ס˻Ӷ֣յߵֻҪҪǿ԰Ը
˵ζͷɿϵǰߣ߰ɣȥǱ߲ݳϹ䡣
ֿʧķŸȥ
һƬݳѾפʱӪأһ׸ڽߵмǰ
Ƚ׿˽ȥûˣֻжڻƤϣòһľĳѡ
硣׿ȸԾȥ¡
޳ָڹزãȻҪΧˣĴ䣬Ҫܡ
أʡ
˵ҪμΧԡ
ҲҪȥΧԡ
ֻϵĹݸִӼͲȡһָ֧һǵİʵ㽫УҾʹȥΧԡ
߹ǳأ׵ֶҪܷزܾǰѧŴԻģңס˼ɿĵӡ
Ŭ̶»ңſһֻһ죬ڼԶĵձϡ
ûע⣬һΣһΡ׻æȥϵļ
ҲֹббŻƤλϣ޳ָʵŷ֣һһηĴľҰҲˡ
׿йȥѣһ˫ίۿʵ𣿡
죬ûп
ҲͰˣҲôȥأʵ
ҿܰܵñҪġ
˵ʵɱӣһͱܵ
ЦһͳɫٿȥӢҲϲ̵¶Цʱ飬ָҡҡС
¶
һĺŽǣʾΧԾҪʼ뿪ȥݳϡ
ŹߣߵſʱصȻǣһƥСȥݳܣעԶˡ
׼޹ҲͰһԣӦ
ʣҪʲôƤҸһŻ
ػصҪƤƤƤ۷ƤƤʺƤ
Ѳת



49¡
Ž, ÿﶼ½߳ˣǳ͢߹ټҵĹӡ
ǰΧԻʼӵڶ࣬ѵû, ԵĻʼӵ, ˳ȵ۵׵ܵܳe⼸ֻմлѪķ֧
˶ÿӵܵлųЦ½ɫܺ, ȡ
ֳһˡ
eҲװЩĲ, ԲΧ, β, ϴ˸Ƿ
׳, һ, ųѵıӰ
Žٴ, ˾˴Ϊʱ, Žʱ, ǽΧԷӪ֮ʱ, Ӯñ͵Ĳͷ
ɹʱ˳һ, ҿʢһذס
ѩۼϳذ, ֡
ѩ
Ȼѩ
۾, Ħȭ, ¶ԾԾԵ顣
ݳ˺Ž, ΧʽʼŽǽ, ˳ȥ˷׷׸ϣһʱȺݺᣬһԶɭ֡
ȵһƥˣʣµҲɢȥͷȥԼ飬׻ԣͷɥ־Щݣʱһ۳ʧķ
˼ҪҪɱӸȥ˲ͷ
ҪѵĻҲıɱӺ󣬱˻Ϊɸѱ
İȫ⣬νǷǳСˡ
һǣƥɫСʵӣȥݳϹ䣿
ƳСһۣܾ䵽ϺЩŲˡ
СúܺãȻͷƤë˳ģžͺܿǾܾĻȥ磬ȥһɡ
ӪפƬݳܴСɽǣڲݳߡ;ɹɹСһŵ׻̾ҲѧˣӢ˲
̫ƫʵĻǵǣĽ̲סתͷһԣȴĻϲص̫Ӣʲô绹һ㣬ֻһС㡣
ױǣ˼Ȧ󣬿ʼԼԦСѡģԸѱŲҲȽܿڲݳСܡ
һֱԶظԽԽоѲȥԵľɥҲ׵Ժ
ԶԶӪҷһˣŸľͰͷûע⵽ף˹ȥֱ׷ѣŻæԱ߿Ҳ
ֻǸСûע⣬ɸָβٿ
СһԽԽԭشָȦԭ˳СͻȻһžͷƵĶǰﻹ˻С
ôˣôˣ
ץʹԼżشѯʡ
СͷҲصس֣Ͻܣȥ׷ϡ
ɭľߴһŬסϵΣһҪЩҷ֦Ǳɴɱ±Ե˸ˣֻòͣضͷôˣͣѽܺòã
ԶԼǸŸӵĻڻ㱨٣ṳ̂Էؽ磬𲻱Ҫˡ
󺰣עⰡˣĵ㰡ˣ
С񱼳һκ˽ŲƽűϢվԭء
µĶ䣬ʵղôˣˡ
ԸҲ֪ǵĶΧûһ˿ѯʣֻõתͷѭ˸ŷǰߡ
СɵںҶϣֻСĶоƺʲôͷȥȴʲôҲûС
̤̤ɳɳɳ
ԣ϶жں棬ԳѵҰ
׶ʱսͣסСתͷɳɳҲ֮ʧֻͷ紵ҶĻ
ûʲô
СҲԵúܽţűϢֻ㷳ŲҪתߣЩľͻȻӰ
׻ûӦСȴ˾ವһ¶ǰϵײˤµأϽץ
Ӱں׷ᣬСӷɱֻܽƨճϣ׷ٵļӰһǰɱ
ѴʱҲһӽڴǵϴŻӵóջķᡣ
ѾɭԱ߾ԳԵװȦԳ
ɸߵĶ£һɫּīɫˮƽʵɲ⡣
ǰ֦Ҷζһֻͨѩ׵ĺ˳˺ԭأžͻæ꣬Ѹ̧гֲӰ
벻Գа׺дϲʹ˳ȥ
ʼԳȶйԵҰһҲѲߵڱǳȫû˻뵽ᷢʲôΣա
ȴ˲˲ԾɻûüѾȥԶû
ˣ׺ϲֻڱëɫĺʵڼ߾ҲѼţΪξͻȻھԵԳ
ͷҲתһ˲ҪֹǰͻȻƿ֮űƥ˻УԼײ
ݣǰĽмأת
죬бɫŨصζ˲ֲڿУͬʱӰΧ䡣
һӻͳҪʾȴֿʼתʧȥֶ̧žһͷԵڵϡ
סڱǡ৵˺½ǰԺҲЧ¡
Ѿγ˷ѩҩڿбʱҲ絲סڱǣֱֱԾݳһξ롣
ӰЩ䣬һһ־ֱѡ
̧סǰѴУĽ
źᵶ˲صڵأظһѪ
ҲϻкҪٶȽѷٻӶѩ⻤ܲ͸磬ûֺܴ
ۼֻӰζæȵ£Ӫء
֪ҲϻһԾһƥ˫һݣ
Ӫط򼲳۶ȥ
к˱Ҫȥ׷ǼӽƵסȥ·һֺֻºͽһȴ׷׷ȥ
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ɽûе·мľֻбԵΪľᱻƽ̹ԳѾűԵһ·ɳۡ
ĺǽ׷ᣬʱʱųһ֧ͷҲصػӵһһ䡣
ʱԱͻȻִĵһΪǴ̿͵Ԯ׷ȴһֵ˻һƥɫСﴩ˳滹Ÿɫװˡ
˲䣬ѾһŵסȥΪʲôΪ׳ӵģһˡ
׷Щˣڿɳ۵ĳѣԼȺ˺󣬲ͣ½Ųԭء
׷ѵȺˣҲϵ۾¶Ի
磬硣Ҳ˳ѣһߴһ߽ץСëҲ벻ֻŵزͣи硣
ڳѾ㵵УСͷԵǰ壬һֱ嵽ԲŶȻͣϵûһ¾ͱ˳ȥײڱԵϡ
ξסͿˣڻгסһᣬֻ˼죬ѿ·ĺ׹䡣
˫ڿڣͼץסʲô
¼ߣǳὫ˵顣
ʱһӰӱ۵ֱֱ׹еףɫĶһֻչľ޴
˼׹ڿһץס׵ֱۣһֻɽϻ䣬ɽץһ٣ֹס˵֮ơ
ڿУδͷȥϷ˼Ӣӳǳѡ
硣ںХķл
ûлشץ٣ֱֻֽ߬϶ù
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ɾʱɽ±̽ͷ漴һѱĹ׼·
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ķѩѾɽ±ߣҲڲ֣֧У˶Ҫˤȥ
̶˲Ϣ䣬Ա׳ڼʸҪԼʱ̤ʯڣ˳ȥ֧ʸʹǿʼλղ
֧ܿź漱׹䣬ײԽְһ
ڿץ׵֣һԼıˮ棬۾ȴͷϷ
ʱڶ֧ʸҲ˺ХѶ֧ʸͫȻɵڿһɽڻϷ
׸ձ˸͸о§ĳһ˲ʱ뷨Ұֻ³˫ۣ˾ͺȻ׹
ȻǴӰɽ׹ײȻƬ̵Ļʣ漴ֱˮѣǺˮۣԼˮѾǰԶ
ˮ濴ƽˮʵļѱۣƽسˮƮںڵĳɢһͬܣȴֲҰ׵òƻˡ
סؿڱײʹϽˮǰΣˮԲǺܺãۿԼԽԽԶɴˮбС
һɫװͻȻˮ棬һֻСһٿˮС
ѾͦԶһ룬ƴצһ׷ȥ࣬͵Ǳ£϶˶ˮ档
ѱĸߴ׶úܷѾֻˮ޷ֻ˳ˮƮƬ̾ܲסɴǰŲѵͷǰһˮ档
ѾֻƮˮͷȴ¶ˮ棬СĶƤϡ
ˮ˲䣬ëڸ˫ۣһ˦ͷһȥˣצȥ̽ûк
ǰﾭŲѧצϵëϢֻǻԣˡצʪܵģëһ飬жϲֻżǰצ£סҸطϰ
̧ͷʱԶĶӰζ֪ϰ˻ܡ
£ɸڣǲܴܵģǸɴ˼Ʈֻˮ¶ͷ
ԼƮò죬ֻצˮµˮܿͿɽͷһ·˳¡
ųˮƯ֪ƮȥԶҧס죬СצƴڣΡ
󣬼αѴƮˮּּΡȵڿǳˮһʯ죬ѵͷڻϢ



50¡˷ȥ
ͷڴ, ȥѵյƤ¡
Ѱ
ѽ˫Ŀһ׽ŵؿ, צӽճڼձߵһʪߡ
⴦ˮѾûô, ͻȻˮƮ˿˿ƵĺɫﶸȻһæѵͷԱʯͷϣԼ굽ˮ¾Ƽ, 󱳿λòһ֧
ŵһֱ³Ǳ£צ֧, Щ֪롣
ˮ滻, ƽϢ, ԼצӲҪ, Ǳˮ, ˫צס֧, һΡ
żʸγ, ѵ嶯˶, һѪҲ˴ӿ
׸Ͻҧסѵ죬εȥ, ܲȵףֱ, վˮ, Ҹϡ
ֱ˳ϰ, óѲʯ֮ɳ, ȥ˺۰ڡ
Ϊºͽ, Щ, ˺˺ü²ųһ鳤ٷɿϰۡ
ѱһžʵظƺҲûļ˻ڳѪԵȴűˮǵİס
׽ؿڲĴ˿ڹãϵ
ϴĹѨ˺
˿ڴã׾Ͷԣš
ѹϰкü˰̣һģƺҪš׺Ϥ˰ָ̣£촽⶯Ž硣
ָ˳˰ġֵļЩš
ѵżʵӲƤȴͬ˿㣬дϸ壬ţ㲻µģ϶µģҸůů
Ƭֱ̺оѵѾЩůֱֱС
СצϵëѾˣצӴյѱ£ë
һס˺ֻŵ˼£һգգ
צëʱֻһƨ˵ϣű㷭嵽ͷ࣬ϲͷȥӡ
磬Ҿ֪ûµģ϶ûµġ
ˮʣֻżԶУСſڻԵԣؿĵѡ
ͷԵʯͷϻ£ϣȥҧ˼֦ЩҶһOO@@ڳͷס⡣
ʧѪ࣬ѲҰ׵촽ƤС嵽ӱߣСצһˮúֱ߻
һ룬צˮˣצӶ̫գؿ˰ΣͻȻԼԱˣҶװˮѽ
ˣôԱԣȥժҶӷ϶ϣƤ׵Ҫ⡣
ժüƬҶص״һˮһֵڳͷ̧ߣһֻι
ˮѿУ˳Ҳ٣Сι
ڣѺᶯһ£ʼʣžʹڴںȴǿѹżûг
ʣµˮѾ࣬ھͺȹˣæ˷źţȥӱȡˮ
εˮʱŲһ٣ԭء
Ѳ֪ʲôʱѾۣɳע
׾۾ЩͣҲƲסط
ǻϲᣬֽٺҡ
촽⶯£˵ʲô׸Ͻǰ£Ҷִյߣŵشߴ٣ˮˮ
Ҳûܾһˮȵ˴룬ҡͷʾⲻˣڼת߿Զһֱûס
׽Ҷŵʯϣֶԣǿѹס磬㱳ˣǱеģѾǼεˣʹ𣿡
ֱ֪ӰμףڳʺãҲεûʲô⡣
ûлش۾ֻԼǰŲŲǰۡ
磬ʹǲǺܣҪҪҸ㴵׵׷ʡ
ɱ۾ȴ͵͵˵˾䣬û壬սʣ˵ʲôû壬˵һɡ
ɫ԰ףüͷȴɳź³һ䣺أΪʲôû
׵ͷԼͻȻЩ˼ֿȲ˵㣬ϥڨڨЦˮʱ㶪ˡ
㿴ʲôѵȻȴ͵͵͸ûʲô
ȷʵ񻰣ܲ񻰡׷˾䣬ֹеʣҸ㴵
ۣǰǹŵףסߡȴ˿ڣһƺߡ
㲻ҪҪ׽ŵַס磬ԹԵĲҪȥ۵ġ
ѱûж빭вλ̻¶ǰţ̰׵Ƥεѣ
ȥҸϡѲͷ
׵ĵ˵뿪Ҷ
ѼǴＷһ䣺ҲҶȥң˵
˵ܷѾӦòصУ˵ˣȥҶϣ͹Թš
׽ŷźãҪ뿪ֵʣ𣿶Ӷڷ죬ѽԽԽˣҪҪȸȡ
ڿĿȫǲľ棬֪Լ죬ͣסͷվ
ʱַɿƿߣס棬Щ˼Цһŵģ
ѿԶĺ棬šüͷĬ
ɽ֮γɵһнǣҶͨУһƬ֡
׽ƬĴܣĶʲôҲûţֻϳƬҶ쵽Ȼŵ˵Чֳ˸˩䣬Ҷ档
⸱ڳǰʱֻһۣתͷһľȻؼź棬κŵϡ
أʡ
ѵ»пӡ
׾ðûаǿӷ㣬ǵô鷳ӴУԼš
һ£šüͰôϻ
һø粻ܵʲôʱ򶼲üǺ棬һ־Щ˵ˣﲻ⻶ϲ
У㣬㣬ݵص
׶ȥղΪ˲˿ڣѾѵʣֻ⿪ۣ̿¡
һţָдʼʱ¡
𣿡ʡ
ûд
Ҳ⣬ʹϡ
װѴʱϺɿһۡȱֻѴȣ״Ϻ󣬽ϥҲסˣֻ¶޳Сȡ
մ·ͼԶϳ˼ֻΪ̫Զ壬ֻ֪ͷϻվźЩˡ
һֱǷ򣬴ʱͻȻ㵽ʯͷ档
׺ҲԵɣܵʯͷ
ŵĵطʯͷ֮䣬ϵҲܿ˾Ǽֻӽ
׼Ǵһʶų͢ʿķװ͵Ͱһ˵磬Խסǰͻع
ȴС
Ϊʲôֵʡ
ȫ
Իȴסû׷ʣȴĵظ͡
ˣһ׷㣬һڶԸңǱ˴֮䲢ʶĿҲͬ
ƶǶص˵ͷˣǻ˲ֹһ
ѵ¶飬ּȻ˲ֹһܽɭϵԳ˵߾Ļϲˡ㿴ղŹٴϵʿһʶ㲻ܳ¶ԼһǺЩ̿һأ
׿ǼҹٴԶȥԭô𣿡
ѿĲգԾ˼֣¡
תͷҲµģֻǾû̫ˣ±㡣
⻰һű㴹ĬκſڵﲻܾҹѰǵͬˣǵþ뿪
Ǵ뿪ѽӺεȥ𣿡
Σգ϶ڰѰǴӴȥȥɽҸطЪϢһָһӣ跨ϵ١
תͷӣܳȥҸղû·
תͷҷ˵Ǵʯͷһ¨˵ƽ㡣Ȼ˵Ǿ·
ֱȻʯͷ֮俴һ¨ֻ¶һ¨ڡ
ܿи¨׳ݵ۷⡣
ѱ˵໰ЩƣҲ̲ס¨һֱǶѵ𣿡
ҸղҲˣΪɫʯѽ벻ϳ¨
ЩȴҲ뵢飬ø첲߰ɣȥ濴
á׸Ͻŷֱ࣬ȥסҸࡣ
촽˶סû˵׾ƿʼʹ
ˡˡеذҧͷ
վֱסһֻ첲Լϣһֻס˵߰ɡ
ӣȻŲ鸡ߵȴҲ㻹ȵһ׳еȥ
ղôŪϰģʡ
ܲ˵ԼɱҾʹưΰưΰһ͵˰ˣǸΪ̫ˮˡ
Լ仰ôϰ·ԭ˳
ûʣ͵ۿֻŽ£Ҳ֪ûС
ľǺܺߣֵȷС·
С·ɽ׷ųѱ߱Ъûã㿴·һԺӡ
ͣ˻Ժӣ˼ԼҸطţջᱻ˷֣׵ȥԺ￴
á
ƿԺţԺֻ̫Ŷԣ㻽̡
̫Ƕ䲻̫ãû̧ͷױ̡
̫ˣǵ˫ۿԺſڣκʣ˭
̣塪
˼ңȥǰسʡ׵ģ·ϱʯˣϢһӿɺãѴ׵Ļ
̫ΡΡվߵǰ¿ĿɨֻŲϰ׹СȣӴô˳ˡֿɱ죬סֵ
Ŷлл̡ײ̫ʲôæųѽԺš
ǳ̲ס࿴ۡ
׵Ѿˣٳɢڼͷһ£̫õģᵱǸŮӡ
ԺӣѲɫؽܴ˱飬ٸ̫ӡ
ܼªֻһľ崲һľ񣬵ҲܸɾĴûлľ崲ϻźĵݡ
ôһ·ɫȥܲã뽫ľ崲ţȴֹ̫ˡ
˿̫ӹȡһ¾ȴɾĴ˵ϡ
˷ȥ¡̫˵


51¡
̫˳, ױųڴ£ԼϹСڴߣ˫Ӷųѿ
ѱ, , Ŀ볹׺Ҳ̫ѣ޿̵ʣһֱҸʲô
˵Ҳûºøɰ
Ժпϻ϶ѣȥѵ
ȥ׸ɴؾܾ
ʣ㲻ϲС𣿡
ϲ׵Сÿ
ѾͻȻʲôס, תͷͷľ˵ˡ
űƿ̫һľ˽ľڴͷҿӶ׵, Щҩͷǰµ, Ի, , Щҩܺ, ˲ϡ
ҩŶ, ҩá۾һ, лл̡
̫ƽҲټ, ϲýȥԵġ
лˡҲڴϵл, ʣ˼ңкʵЬһ˫
˳̫߿Լ, ˶۵Ľָͷ
ôЬҲû, ȥϴϴ, ̸Ьࡣ̫ȥס
תͷ۳, ûз, ̫ݡ
ڳС, ľ̫Ьط
̣һǵһδɫЬء
˫ɫЬĲЬЩˣϴúܸɾЬòֻĺ
Ůڼҵʱ򴩵ģȥɽǱߣЬǴţҿҲǴţʲ̫տˮЦеص
׵ĽŲ󣬹ǼСűеԲ󣬵ƽŮӵĽţȷǴš
Ǹţܵÿ졣׵ض˶ˮеĽָͷЬ̣̾ҾûÿЬϲ
ϲУȥ˲ҩ̫Цúϲ£죬ȥŮ㻻ϡ
лл̡
״ЬСܳصѾֱţڲؿڸŵĲæ𶯡
ԼҲȷ㣬ûзԣ׽ǲһȦȦ⿪¶˼ˡ
ѾǴ˿ڣٴοʱǾҲҧ˴
Ѳٳûжʵôˣ
׳˳磬Ҿúʹ
ѳĬһ˲󣬵Ѿʹˣҩɡ
š
Ѿ쿴ЩҩһֻСƿݸףҩ˿ϡ
װγƿҩϸĵ˿ڣѱϵļ˲úܽ
ǲǺʹŵʡ
ҧṵ̂ʹû£
⻬ıѾ飬˳żĹ»ҧŴ˿ﵹҩۡ
ȵҩۣһֻС޺ǩݸͿ˿Χ
ǩСƿһҩ࣬ȴûֱͿĨָ⣬ָϸϸ˿ԵüǳС
Ѹоɢ˿ʼʹ׵ָⴥᴥ岻ЩӲ
Ϻҩҩĸɾײ˿ڣѴŴߴŲЬĽţֻչĲʵϡ
չˣ̫ŽżŮͷµĻʹϰɡ
Сȥӹ˵ãҺϲѽ
˭׻ʵ⣬̫ûӴֱ׵б﷽ʽõúܣץ׵ֱ֣ǿ컻ϣȥ
̫ţ׽ѷŵϣ
ֱһɫĲͿӣһźɫĳһ۾Ϳźɫģɫһ׻˵ģ־û׼Ҳϲףѡ
ƳףӾճźɫϣ˼ҹôˣңûԴİɡ
ʲôôˣ㲻ϲƯ𣿡ãȻʡ
Ѷ˻ʵϲ
е㲻˼صϲѽҪϲĻʹҴһס
ˣҲϲʹɡ
׸˵ɫӣųѱȻҪȥϵĳ㣬ۼֿذס
ʲô
Ҹ㻻ӡ˵
򶨵صãһû˵ôأԼ
ðɣҿ㻻
תͷף˫ˮۣȥԺѣһúٽ
Ҳϲ
ϲ
׾˾죬̤صĽŲݣعš
ѿʼӣȻмˣֻҪҲ̫ѣȵú󣬲Ŷ⺰ס
׽ţͷߵߣڿǼźɫֿʼת
ϧڲϸ˲䣬رۣɫúÿмƯɫ
ޱؿһԲ
ֱվڴ߿ʼ·ѱ˵㣬ǴƬļôͻȻҰ
£ƿĿȥǽڣ̾Ϣһ´ʱǰҪ˵һ¡
ŶҪˡ׵صǼźɫףױ߾ϲۣСɫСۣƯƯɫıߣҾûÿ
ǽпɫùߣѾͶüƺǿùߺܸȤƵġ
ףô̫ԾÿŶ
ֱ׵ʣѲתͷĿһɲǵ͡
뱳վŸˣźɫĳȹ֫ӯӯһգٺڷɢڼ
˻תüĿ촽筣ʤѩªƺųʡ
ô°ĺô󰡡һһȹڣ̧ͷʱЩ֡
磬֪ô𣿡
ѿҡҡͷĿڳġ
ײȰȥȹе㲻ϰߣоз࣬ƨƨ쬵ġ
ʲôħ䱻ƣ˲ָľ֣Ϊⲻǳһȹӡ
ȹӣȹӣ׾ȵصͷĬһȻȷʵȹŶЩƯ㴩ľ֡
ѿ飬˵봩ȥһ¶˾ϲҴȹҾƯ
ʣµĻ㼰ʱȥ
أȹӺúÿƯ㣬úÿƯƯèè㡭
̾˿ȥ˵ǻȥˡ
ˣ
һ㣬Ҫ˷֡
Ŷ
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ʱ֣̫棬׺ͳѶԹˣ׸ǽ˸ɾͷ׵Ĵл
룬ûԱĻٸ̫Ͻ
״˸ãʵҳԱˣǾǵл㡣
극Ҳˣ̫ʰԼ˯Ҳ˴ϡ
չβõıӣһڳϣԼ࣬ƿһǣ˳ԡ
Ȼ¾ɣȴܸɾɢŵζѷŲԴͷϡ
磬ҽһ˯ú㣬ʲôҳѣΪ԰˯
ζţš
һŵζ
Ѵ϶¿żͷǿë׵Դǳ鶯̱ͦһָֻԴƿ
ȥһͷ˯
׵˯һ
С
ܲܡ
ܡشϡ
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Ĵ괥ʱʱסƬ̺󣬲̫ȻȴӲصȥһͷϻôࣿ
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ѴϨ͵ƣɲǵĺڰ¹
ڱųѳȵĺ˰£̲סʣ磬˵׷ǣ֪˭𣿡
û˵ΪشʱȴͻȻˣˣ˭ܻ˭Ǳʹߡ
ѱ۾ţ׾ڴβȥһ˫Ųʱ
ú˯ȥʲôأ͵͵ʡ
ͣ·ڣҾúȰôҲ˯š
ǳµȷƫߣұҲͦ׾Ҳ
ѱ۵Ⱦٸǵ㣬ؿڴϾˡ
е㷳ȣźһڴϣ˵ҾûиǱӣǾȡ˵ֵʣ㲻𣿡
һֱƽƣӾʹڸ¡
ȡֲһ䣺ľȻ
ʲô˼
ʵû˯⣬ͣղβˣһ仰˺
¹£׵ȹѾѵʣȫ¶棬Ȼʱ̧зⶼš
ڸʲôҧͺȣ˭ȹģ
ͣڵȣãȻûȹӰ˯˯ţԼˡ
ȹӷȥ׼̧ȡѹȣȥӴ档
ײˣȹӶȣҲŲҪӡز䣺˵ҲûпӰ̾͸ȹӣӱҿԴģȴˡ
ƺĻҭסſڵ˯ߡ
ʵǲ۾ͿƬ⣬˵Ƿޱ컣ȴֻ
׵ղ˯βģȥͷ鷳ȥ
Ѵ˴

ۿѾҪŭͷ޲ص˯ɣߣҾ֪
ͷ࣬°ͣ磬ҿ԰ȹ˯𣿡
ԡ
ĺȡ
ѲͷѾϰ̿۽⿪ˣ¶һƬ׵÷ļǰڰڣ¹ѱ۵
ͻȻЩִٵתߣǾѵɡ
ҲΪȹӣ㱣ѵˣûĸо
ţáһӦһ߿ʼϵȹӡ



52¡Ҿرϲ
ȵӺ, ͻȻΪԼˡ
磬ĺ
һƬϸỬļϳֱۣһֻ¶Ⱥܸߵ, Ҳĸ
ʶԱܿ, ¶Щ󣬳˱˿ڣüƺһ
ôˣ˿ʹ𣿡׳ǵȵϢ˴ϡ
˲ס˺, ЩӲصɹȥЩ
ŶһŲ˵㣬Լͣ˵¯, ȷܰ, ȵˡ
³, ֪ԼԼٵûС
ȻŲ, ԴȴɸڳѼͷ, ΢, ëͷɨ, óѾǴƺֻͣ, ʱᣬЩķҡ
ûٶ, ֻ˵ıϢڳΪѾ˯ʱ, ͻȻĵص, ΪʲôҪѽ
ѱ۵ҴӦҪչ, ѵ
, ǡ֯˻Բŵ㲻ȥҵġ
ԼͨΣʱ, , ǵʱѾͨΣպܶܶ࣬Ϊ˾ˣ׺ܲͬʱҲΡ
Ļû˵˲˼ûôࡣ
ͷĲ¹¸ͦı춼ûתֻۡȵģԾһֱȥ
ʲôƽţﵭʡ
ȴû˵磬ÿ֮Ļֻ૵á
˸Ƿ۽ǶˮڳѼͷԺ˵磬˵ˡ
ѱѱۣٿ˵
ֲ˵ģ˵ģ˵ˡ
ǲ㲻Ҫź˵һ
£ʣвУ
Ѵ˴С
׳ĬƬ̺Ȼ㲻ˣ˺òã
á
Щź죬û˵ʲôƶŵλãѣֲоȣű˯˹ȥܿ
ߣ﷢ΪԼᱻ˯ţû뵽ҲС
磬ץСѽ㿴С㶼ˡ
磬һ㣬ߵСܶࡣ
磬Сҧҽֺͷ
磬硭
һ۵ĻЦԵСӡͯٵСкںС㣬ڶƮˮʪˡ
Լѣϰȥʪˣ
СкЦŵץСץסСҾϰ
УȥҸץ
СкͻȻֱ¶˷۵һӡ˫۾ܴȴЦؿ
ѾΣҲ֪ԼУһֹۿߵĽǶȣкĶԴ
֪һԼһʼտòֻǸݶԻƶǳߣ⻹ǵһνк塣
кúƯȴǳߣﰵԾǰøϸЩ
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ۣȴܣȷû쳣󣬲ſԵס
ҹȵ½ûٽֽ쵽⣬ǽֱۣһȻĴϡ
׵Ͳ࿿ͷһ౻ѹЩΣԵšѶ˶뽫Լֱ۳ͼ˾䣬ֱ۱ø
Ѳٶˣֻۿ컨壬вԾָеСк
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Ҳ׵۾
ʶֿףȥ۾˫۾ȴţֻܿųĽëͶһƬӰ
˺һֱͻȻüЩضͷ﷢ģ߽ھξ
ȥ϶׽磬ΣҪ֮ۡ
泯ף̧һֻûбסֱۣĸı
Ƭ̺ڰִ˺йɵС
ѱ㱣źƣϢŽߡ
»
鷿վˣһֱ۸ˣźİײ
ûпЩ˵𣿡ʡ
˵ҡͷүķԸ͵ȥץ幫ӣɲ׷ѵ۵ˡѵۺ幫Ӷ£Щ˲ɷ˵ǾͿеֶûˣֻʣװһŻ㱨үʼû˵һ仰ҲûѰʲô
Ƭ̺ȥɣЩﲻҪȥ
ǡ
˳ӣ俴һˣʵ誣ô
ǳıʿǰһЩ˵ıʹ˭ǡǡôɣүץס͸ӣȴ˻иͼıײˡүҪץǧ͸¶ֺú½һ𣬵ʱ
ִ籾֪ġЦ£벻˱ȱҪļ
誵ڻʵ䲻δһүȥһʵۣĴѰҪڸС
ҵĻ俴誡
ү򲻿ɡæ˾佫߾ѶҲҪ죬үھûбһң߾Բү
ۣ˼Ҫȥʵۣ
ԣүûʵ۷ʲô⣬ȻһĿϾ
ʵõ߻˭
誵ȻɱʵۣôкܴİգڻʵõλɱҲǵߣүãп˭
վȦ૵ΨһȨˣޣûгǰţʲôҲǣӦϣѻŵˡeûһһ䣬޴־ɢүֻᶷ׷ѾˣλҲֲͷϡ
誳ǰүǻмǿӵд˽ҲлѪġ
أԳ˻ֵ˭誣ɳ֣ÿ¶ӣҪ֪ǵһһ
ףǰͰ°ˣء
ţǾС
ϵöϵĿӣھҪȥѰǺûʵܣû˯
׵ڶʱϿյģҲֻԼһˡæ´ЬҲ˲ϴܵſţֱƼԺǵߴıӰ󣬲˿
ѾվԺе£ԶȺɽ峿ҡҷҶ䣬Ծ
Ķתף߻䵽ĹѾϣüͷȥЬϡ
ſЦˣһΪˡ
ѵĿ˵ڽʲôϻתԶ
׼緹ˡ̫ӳ̽ͷľס
֪ˣ̡
СͰ£һɫƫƵͷһһղࡣ
Χǰ緹̫ԣ⣬Ե㡣
ЩӲӦǷ˺ܳʱ䣬һҧȥҪ˺һҧ㡣
̣Ҳԡױ߽˵
̫Ц¶ȱҧԡ
ȺɽˣÿʵˣʲôóԵĶó
ȥѣҲسͷӴչȥСʣóҾúúóŶ
Ƴһۣ죬˵ãġ
Ա߻һʺĲˣȥУס󣺡Բˡ
ҳ
ѩķ˶嵭״Сͺٳ˹Щȶྫ£ûһ붼Ĳˡ
ȴſ֣ƽûԹôܵˣ
ܵˣܵˡ
̫ҲԲصĸﲻԵŲᱻż۸
æͷԶԶԣҳԣҲȥż۸
Ѷһʱ񣬱ۼֿس֣һι죬׽º۾ˡ
óԡ
ѿҲͲٹܣԡ׳˼¾ò񫣬һͿͷϣͷȾúһƬ
ܳȥ𣿡̲סüʡ
ܣٶĶܡ׵ؽͷݺ˺һ
ѾһֱӺͶͷϿʼ߳ϸСĺ飬ԭͲҲ죬׽Ķ仺죬ʼ
³ֽ£ߴ١
״ֱ¾׽ӹһţ˵£᲻á
ͷҧ̫󣬽úܷżȴԽżԽʲȥͺҪȼҲᡣ
ģؿԽԽڳһ߼ӴȽһ̧ᡣ
޿̣һģȥ˳ֶһưˮվԣֽߣȵˡ
ѾˣϽͷµģֽˮưݹȡ
׽ӹˮưڴںˮȥ˳ϴ֡
׽ưˮ˴룬Щѳʱ㿴Թԣֻ۾Ƶģ촽Ҳֺףؿ
ǰ£Ժ󻹳𣿡
׿˵ԣֻԶˣԳһ㡣
̫¼˸ͷЦǺǵһα̫࣬
лл̡׽ӹͷǵƳ棬Ƽضŵһڿй˸ֻԱߵ̲ˡ
극̫ʰ꣬վԺ׵
ײԣȴҲԹ˹ȥֻܵٻС
졣
ſ
ѿͺûкףְֵˣȥɡ
ȴûжֻֻ۾ģʣһֱʲô
״սЩ˵ĻһС磬һررϲҡ
˵仰ʱƶģŲεȸԾ
ббƳһۣЦӱȴ⣬Ŵյߵɾˣɸղֽҧͷ
ָԶȴ²𤡣ֻ˺벽úվ˵ǽͰֻҴӦҪչѡ
Ҳţررϲҡ
Ц˫ȥȥѽԴҲתһԡȥ§§ڷ§ԼĿԶ
ֻϿΣʵżֲײǳЦ⡣



53¡Ҳǵ˭
׿ؿҡ, ̫ҪɨԺӣȥæ̫ûоܾ, طϢȥˡ
վ, Ķʵǰ𣿡
ʱʱ򲻻˵Ͳء
᣿
ҲǾ׽Ҷɨ, Ҳңÿһʱͻţʣҡ
ʣʣһ, ǳԷô죿
Լѽ
Ŷ㻹
ᡣ
׽ɨѷȥԺ, תֵˡֻҪڼ, Ҷ˾ȥ׸Ҩ
װʲô, Сǰ, ɫҨһưˮ˵ǰ, 浹, ˮưи, ˮǶȥߵ
㵹Ķ״, ɣ״, ۡҴ, , ױ
ȵ, ͵ذˮưƽ, Ͳټˮˡֳȵ˸ϹǵĶھͿˡ
Сһ, Լӣô֪ûҪٱܣ
ײ˼ؿĿڿһɵӣϳɵ̾˿𣿽ҿһ֪ûˣ
ѣ
߰ɣȥ䡣
תͷԺߣæ׷ȥ
˴ԺӺɽ·ߣ߲죬һ·׷׷ѣʱܵǰȥˣԶԶ̽ͷûУûеĻһܻ
ѿԶȺɽŴζĿֻޱȷɡ
еԳ룬˾ܹƽżһҲ޷
ٿ׵ıӰԼ壬ע¹ѣⱲһʱ࣬Ҳǲġ
ȻֻǸʲôҲɵӡ
˳ɽ·ߣ״ܵǰȥûӰƹһսǣûף㿪ʼ
ۣ͡ͷЦѻû̧ͷ׵ҲҰɣ˰ɣء
ͷҪͻȻһҭӶۿɼط˺ɫա
׾ͷŲ濪ֱվ֦ϣ˫ŵز䣬ȹ·ôڳ
ͻȻתǰȥŲһ㲻ˡ
ôʲôѽȵѽ
׸Ͻȹȴߵ边ţڿлȥϸȣ̵ͦƨɺ֫¶档
ȥȴôҲţúҡ
ѱ̲סͷתҴǰ
׼ѵתͷųԽԽԶıӰûٿ
ڿ΢΢תһɽ紵ƨɺȥӡȻѲͷ˻Ҳʼ취
һɴཫѵԼȡȵŵء
״е㲻˳ѽ¶ˣⲻ׷ǰȥֻԭ˿ʯͷ£˸ݣһ³ŵ棬йеĲ
Ƭ̺󣬴Ұһ˫Ƥѥװûп˸򣬼òݳŵ档
ˣѵ͵͵
ûСص
ȻǸѾѡ
޷粵ֻɤѧ˵ȻǸѾѡ
û˵ʲôͳĬվԱߣƬ̺̾˿εص߰ɣǰдСˮ̶峺ˮ٣ҪҪȥ
߰ɣǰдСˮ̶峺ۣҪҪȥ
ѲĹǻֵᲽǰߣб߳ɺ󣬻ȥ
ײԶں棬ʱȥ͵ǰˣʱԱ߲¢ѡһģ߱ʲôֱۻ΢΢Ķ
ѹסĺû׷ȥ;ۣҲͣ²Զ
һ󣬳ͻȻת泯ָڱֶУ
ʲô
ѲΪ⣬֣
бһۣ˫۾רעԼﲻ©һģֻŲԾ˹ȥ
һֱߵǰˡ
šѶû˵ڵ̶
ͻȻͱСˣֵѽ
šѽֻ˳
ǰֻݱСã׾ϲذһϲ̽ӹҷһʣ͸ҵ͸ҵİɣ
תǰǵ㲻˸ɾñãұĺÿˣһҲ̵ġ
ҽ̵ģͣʡ
ǰǰұãҷӣֻʼձòá˵ֲ꣬ȻֻǱԲǵڶá
ѳĬ˻һСʱɡ
ðǾʹ껹򴲡
ҵʱ𡣡
Ҽʱ򰡡׶ǰĳֻ䣬ͻȻЩѵõʱÿʲôƵĺÿǲһĺÿ
ûгԴϣֻţתԱŲ˰벽˵߱˵
׸Ͻǰ粢磬֣̽عס˳ѵָ
û׵ӸˣɴཫԼֶֻŽƣָ˿ģʾס
ѵƻս׿ʼ߻߽
һġ
ʡ
׵ţ㵱ʱˣźˣҾͽϵߣٻؼȥ

˵˵ĶأСѩվںӱʯϣ俴Žűŵꡣ
겻ʮ꣬Ȼһʪ͸ȴóκܻɫ촽ǲҰףŻ΢΢һˮݹ̫õĸʬ
Ա߶Լ಼߰ͯͷŸԲ٣۰׵Ƕ˫鶯۾̧ͷеصҿȥǸ˰˵ĶˣؼҰɡ
ѩһ㵹ǰ۶ѧ˸͸֪ȹҲ«ư˵ĻҾˣ
ˣϵŮ㣬ϵıûһֻĴȣܳΪĶӣ̫иˡͯſھСﲻϰȰ
һ߲ͣ˵һȥ͵ѩˣʱʱƳһ۵ŵֺ꣬ú͵л
ѩ˿ܳһףɫȻɲÿȴףҾҪȥѰйˣο㿴˵ôأӦǾȲˡ
԰ɣ԰ɣû׼;Ȼأﶼֱסѩ˵ҡΣ㿴öÿ˶ϧ
ѩ⻰һ죬ű㿴˻УҲ͵Ц⡣Ƭ̺󣬲һָ׵Դ̾ͺһóúÿˡԣԼȡ
Լȣ׾ȵҲ˰
ѩ˵ƽЩѧȥˣ
ǣǣֻұ˿ھ𣿡׵ɴ۾
֪ʦŵĿھж󣿡ѩһԺ󣬡ҽĿھܾˣھȲȵûͿ컯Ҳƽûġ
ҡ
붬ĵһѩҹϢƮ䣬ɽµӣһӨס
յľűƿƸƵСܳţôԺһװľ̿СܻӣžહϷš
Ϻȣȴǳůȼһ̿滹һҩޣؼҩ
ľ̿̿裬һִ룬ҩȥһԵİϷŲǽľǰİϣ˫۾գҲգضŴŵˡ
Ѿʮˣôѽ׵ӱּѹñΣ૵ǰտھѽΪʲô㻹أ
Ͻ˫ŵˣںӱ߾ȻꡣΪ⼸յƣɫѾָ˼Ѫɫϵ˿Ҳ裬ۼҪˡ
Ҫȥ緹ˣ˯ɣʲôζϡ轴ͻǷΣšҾ÷ŽͰɣٵ͡Ľϡ࣬ιʱ򣬾ʵĴҪһ㡣
һ죬һָȥŪĳޣŽëֵָء
һýëʱëµƤͻȻ˲ţͶһ˫̶۾
˫۾úÿ׵ĵһ뷨
ڶ˼˲ϢͻȻӦһˣһƨڵϣָŴϵ꣺㣬ˣ
ûжֻһֱѾع񣬴ӵһµ־ϲʣ
ûлػ׵Ŀ裬תͷܣⴽ˾䣺Ķ˭
׸شȴǿѹסѧżĹ߳˵Сӵ½ǣȭִһȽֵػصҼңҽףľˡ
ˣ
˻ǺһɳӣƤҲǸѵĿǡ
лԺ˵ǰҪ塣Ȼ˷ܵǵͨ죬ȴϳɵذ˰֡
겻˵ʲôָϽȥ£һֻ֣һֱһޱȵص˯˺ö죬ҶΪѲˣԭҵҽĺܺãȻȻˣģ̫ˡ
ĻһǰѸղӲװϳһɨա
뽫Լûָ£յøˡ
ʲôѽеʡ
ֻޣطףŸѵĴһԡȴ⣬ԹԳ˷УЩԲ·ҾιʼʲȥӸιȥʹ˭ѽ
ڴܣƳһۣȴֱԣǴѽѲסңέ˵ݵɤۣȥˣ
֪˵ЩмĻ˵׿ĴƤʣǿڿ𣿿ôҩˮǾÿڿ𣿡
ַһڣˮ
úúãҸ㵹ˮವµأܵߵˮСض˹
ӸιˮȴҪæ뽫ں󱳵˴ţ˵ߡ
ûûҪԼ׿Լֱߴڴںˮǿ˺ܾáһˮȹ󣬱ʣҪٸ㵹
ҡҡͷ˼ˡ
׽ӹŻϣܵ£ϲ̵ؿ꣬ٴʵʲôѽ
Ƥ׿ҲĿתغӣЦǾҳúÿǴӳÿĺӣɺÿˡ
һףľƺȥ٣ʼͷ˼ϸãȻ֮ɫ
ôˣʡ
˻ԴüƬ̺ŵҲǵ˭ˡ

*
лҪ˵
ʱ׻ǸС



54¡Ұ
ʱô, ҪˮҲέˣ๾๾࡭ױ߽ѧųѺˮ, źɫֱ̧ϻ, ¶һС׵
ĽЩңѻ˸ţ̽ز廰˵ҵʱ˺ص, ںӱߣҾȻˣ
׵ͷ, Ȼȥ, ͳҵˡѾ˺ܾ, , һҾǺö졣
ѿ, ûм׷, ȴеʣǲǲţ
ѳŸôش, ׵Ǻ죺㲻, ֪ǲš
ѵֻ룬λ˵ġ
, 룬Ϊʲôɵܾ㡣״ʱǰ
һ, ͷתȦ, Щץץͷ, ƺô˵
ûô㡣ɺƽ
ͣ², ɴ۾, ͻȻʱɵ, һ㶼ɵҴﾭ˵СʱܴһᵽҪҡ
ԽԽ󣬳üҪֱ״ϡ
ʱɵɵɵȻΪʲô˵ǰɵ
׵ԽԽż̶һɵúģø
侲ף侲ǰһץס˫ۣû˵ɵûˡ
ؿڼƺЩѣŤӣѸϽȥ⿪ϵ̿ۡ
ǰȻżЩ룬ǹԹɣƢҲ˳̹ȻسԼǸɵӣһ㶼¡
ڳѽ¶һɣͬȼһߣȻըһӣЩѾõίͲʶը˳
ѶʱףʵǷǳģֻЩ⣬ӣǿڱ¡
ҲɵģҲɵӣҰκõģҲɵӡ
С۵һˮ촽΢زšģؿųѣЩִЩš
ҲĿ˼רעϧ̾˿£뻳Уĸ󱳣֪㲻ɵһ㶼ɵҶ֪
ײô壬ʣˮѴ磬Ĳɵɵġ
§ָ󾱣һ鸧ͷͱһظ֪㲻ɵס
Ƭ̺׵ʧƺҲָ˲٣ʼָŪǰ̿ۡ
ѵͷʣЩ𣿡
ЩˡͷӣϵЩܹίֱ§ź壬ʼСӡ
Ϊʲô죿
׽ջȥ˵ˡԼЦҿɵӡ
΢΢һƽضԴɵӶ֣֪ȷˣǣּǰߡ
磬˵ˮ̶أ˵峺۵ˮ̶أôûţ
׵ָܿ죬ܿ˸ղŵĲ죬ڱǣߣֻֿɤӻЩơ
ѲͷĿؿֽϻŵһȥ˵ҼǴ˰ɡ
ղű˳ںģʲôˮ̶ֻΪ˽ʹСӵ׺һߡ
汿ⶼܼǴ
ţұ
Ǹɵӡ
Լɵֺں˵òףЩŵؿѡ
ţҾǸɵӡЦЦ
Цݣųһѩֶˣ׶ʱſڽ࣬ʲôҲ˵ˡ
ʱ䣬һƽĶ࣬һ·缦˵ϢһҲûиȥ׷ƻֻԹߡ
ԱиӶϲӶȥ𣿡ĺģʵ
ƳǷһۣرϲȥˡ
˶Ū˼رϲرϲʲô
ͻȻЦ£ձ¶СѣԳ顣
Ѻټ飬ֻһҲ֪ʲôպʵǸңϲʲô
׿һۣٿһۣеСصϲЦ
˵⻰ʱɫЩ죬ȴǸղļĺ죬ʪ۵Ҳ貵Ĺ⣬Ǳһ
ѺţĿ⸴Ƭ̺Щִٵתͷˣ߰ɣȥˡ
׿ӰϽ׷ȥ
˼գѵѾΪתȴҲ뿪ʹƧɽ£Ĵ䣬ɽͷ˸顣
뿪׾͸ˣÿ͸һѣ׽ӣˡ
ֻãƺʲôһˡ
ֺ΢ı仯˵羭Цǰ
ЦҲ󣬴۽ǵüҾǳǳһƣݼţЩƽչ¶ڵü̧۵˲
ʱתͷָᷢĿרע̺һЩףȴͻȻٵĶ
˯ʱڴϰԵعȥƬ̺ܻѻӾůů
磬Ĳһһġ
Ѫܡѱƽţסֻ֣úţҶ
ĺΪʲôô㿴ҵģһС㡣
Ѳͷ΢ۿδƣ˴ɵζ
ҵĻ᳤𣿳ô󡣡ʵĶú»ʵ̫ԣԼָ¶ʵ
᳤ܻɡѵ͵͵ڶ
׵һƣԼڳѻ˸ǳǳĺǷʣ磬ǿԶ𣿡
ʣʲô
϶һ˯۾Һϲһ˯;ã˯ر
һָֻ°̧ĿζشӶͷüë۾ٵ촽
ȷԶ
ױ֣ص˵㣬ȴɺԥػصȷ
ͻȻ˫۳࣬Ӹµؿڷй䣬׹׵ԣγһ¹ߵĿռ䡣
⧲ر£˯Ҳ׾ѡãȻգ۾ںڰпѵֻܸо˫þˡ
׾ЩŹ֣ȴһţ˳ؿϷˡ
һֱף˿ΪƱʹҲûᡣ
ף˵Զң˵һΣ֪Щ𣿡Ƶʡ
׵˵ͷ֪
֪ѷʡ
׾ſϷĳѣҹֻ˴˵ıϢ
֪ԶһԶҸ硣ͻȻڡ
ѻҡͷԡ
ǣǡֵ๫ӣԶ˯һ𡣡
׵ΪκͽţһССĲ
˲סҲ©˰ġĿϻƶǱĶͷƵ̵ͦıٵ΢΢ſķۺĴ
ΪߣӼرǳѻͷǼĥʱŵʶ˿ڿˮ
ˡ
ڴʱ˲ճķΧɲǵԶʱߣ۵ָֻͣ¶Ϸ
ȴеؿڣôͣˣǲǱҵģѽѽѽ
û졣
ѳĬؿͷٳĬעһ㡣
׼ˣҲ̽ͷȥʣǲңΪʲôֲˣô
ͻȻһѹƲסЦŴƿ£һֵֻס۾
ȻûǸ߸ţȻЦ
ױЦЩգ޺޵ؿвΪʲôЦЦЦ
Цµ۾֣ס԰׵ɫЩ˫˼Ц⡣ߺרעױţͷǵ⽥ɢȥ˼ֿʼ
ȴʱ֣ϵ£̵˵˯
׻뿪ڣסͷԼͷһ񣺡׼˵ˡ
ҡ
졣
㬵ر죬Сһ˯ŵġ
Ѿۣû
ģһ˯ŵģΪûţúܡ
ļ磬ȴû˵
׿Ƭ̣ϢƽëҲûв˯ˣҲûȤֻñۡ
һǷ۾˯֮ĻڳѼͷѰ˸ʵλá
̶ֻ˲Ϣƽˮһĺ
ڴʱۣһ˫쳣ͷ˿ףӽ¶ļסźҹеĴ˼С

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ԺΪġ



55¡뿪СԺ
峿, ͻȻһʿԺĴ鿴ѯ̫ûпİˡ
İˣʲôİˣ̫ɻʡ
ſڷ, Щŵ͸϶⿴, ѱڴϣȥɢʵץס˴ľȡ
ķѩ׹ʱϣ˿ֱû, ʵڲУľȣҲװȫ
е, Ͷ󡣡ʿ
̫ҡͷûû
ʿָǼݣ滹𣿡
̫, ˡ
ʿ˵ơ
̫ŷźﰡ, , ùүһۡ
Ťͷ, ûз, 㽫, ˰벽ȥ档
泯ڴ, ûƽ
ʿߴ׵źɫȹϻ, űڸһ϶ͣƬ̣Ŀ͸޺̾һʿȥǰ, ֻһ, ũҳֲ, ͷֻһеġ
ǵ, ߰ɡ
ʿǲ֪Ҫҵ˵ʵ, ֻ֪Ҫ, һһŮԲϣҪȥһҡ
ʿߺܻشߣߵЬڲ࣬ų£ʣ𣿡
Ӧǡ
ʣʲôʱ뿪
Ѳͷһۣˣ
׵ͷҡͷʵȥĶҾȥĶֻҪС
ѽձߵһƷЩ죬ҲǸûȥˡ
ù緹󣬳˸ľ뽫ɢ˼ĳ
ұһһڵģǶûˡЩĵ죺Ԫ̻᲻Ұ
ûֻרעظӲұ׾
˻㡣ױͷһһεģȴװصҺϲҵڣ֮ǰˣΪ˾㣬ҲˮûˣôÿڰΪ˾ȸ磬ҲͶ˰ɡ
ǰһ⼣߰ߵͭȴҲܽո𣬳ƳͭµµתЦһøôأ
Ҿøô찡ľҲǿԵģǿԣȻٵõһСڣͷǳˡ
ЩЦȴԣƽصȻľԣԺľɡ
һı飬磬˵ǿԣǻ㲻ÿԣֻ˵ǣ˵ǡ
ѿץĵһҲٶŪˣعÿڡ
׵ͷ˳ãѷ˺ܴľһ٣˵תҿ
ױתͷ
Ǹͷ࣬ɿģһЩ˿ûסھԡ뷨ȣֽǷ˿ȥٰγ¹̶˭֪ľپˣͷ˲йһ硣
ޱغͷɢ׶ţƬ̺
üΣ׺ĵţȵ˵ֺȴȻŲӲ
ѾˣԶˡѵ
֪ɰš
Ѷ㲻ôţúȡ
ֵ֪
˵ôʲôӶתģ
˵ûת
Ϊʲô
һתӣԴۡ
ԴΪʲôۣ΢üͷתҿ
ԴӶתѿģһ¡
Щ̫ˡָԼޣﳶرҾС
һ˫ԲۣѾ˵ۣüëҲббϣҪƵġ
ˣѵ
ҾŪɵˡ
ˡ˫סͷת˸˵ϣҾͲţһ٣
ȵڽã˾ͺ̫ȥسǡ̫᲻ףץסţҪȥȡϵ˴ߣѺԺлˡ
̣´θҳԶţҾ§ס̫ϵһܶóԵĸ㣬ҧöġ
̫ﶼǲᣬֶԶĻͱˣ˺úùӡ
⻰۵״ЦؿףȴɷнµصͷӦУţһ˺úùӵģҿɺˡ
ѳ˵߻ڣڴһֻ塣
屾ϵװϵģŽ޵׼Χʱʹã֮ǰʱ˳˳
뽫ϣȴ뵽ЩƷֻ̫ۣ̫鷳㻹գôعл١
ſ׺󣬽Ųһ͡
̶ʱ䣬Ѿڼͷ˿鱡ݵ棬ǰں⡣ҲΧһȦĴ⣬ΧĳֵƷ
мɣģ·ϳԡ̫˸಼Ҵҵشӳ˲ҪҪŹԡ
ȻЩ޷Ӧֳ棬ֻţҾÿѽ̣ѽֱ̫Ǹֱӹһͷ
̫һֱ͵·ڣױ߱߻ͷűĨᣬҲûֻչɽţҲ̫ӰŵպУٴǡ
ûƬ̺ź۾磬ˡ
Ѿóʱûˣһʱ֪λش
׽ϵһȦࣺ֪ȥĶ𣿡
ѳĬƬ̺ѩ˿Ǳʲô°ס˽ţʱͻˡ
˵תۣ׻ʣȴϣ·ɽ·ߣˤӡ
Ŷ
׹Ȼһ·ߴߴ˵ֻͣϹزһͷţŴҲԽԽ
ѿһۣϢһ
ããϢϲϢ
һƨ·ԵĴʯϣһָԼȷ磬һ
ѴӺȡһֻͲεݸˮ
ҲǰǿƵԱߣӹͲʼཹེˮ
ѴЩٰ븩ָߵ⣬ڿǲںͲּʱջ֣Щӵɡ
ӵӵʲôײ㱻һˮǺס
ĵؽ͵ǻҪͦ·;ҲһЩͻ״Щܲ㣬οжУԵĻ˸
ǿɲУЩ͸ҵġװͲݻսϵĴ
Щߵúۡ
ҿԵģҲۡ׼ֵ
üģͻȻȥϵ⡣
ܿ죬׷Ӧæ̧ȥѹס⣺磬磬ĿԴߵģѽ
ѽŴݷ˵ֻⱻӼͷϳ죬Ҫޡ
ѽϣǰȥױԭŽţɤӴ󺰣ӣҪӵĻҾͿޣҲˣƴޣ㡣
ûҲûͣͷ
׶Ӱ˺һҪӵæ׷ȥϲʣҪ𣿡
¡ĿֱǰŲֿȡ
С׷Цˣˡ
ѲͷƳһۣͻȻ֣סһΣӴˣҶҴ󺰴ˣҪҪڿ޸ҿ
ǶǼٻǶǼٻձţȴҲصҿѾأ˵Ļܵ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ѿ
Цһɿ֣ȴԼָӡ⣬ȴҲû˵ʲôǰߡ
ǿɲҿǱѾֺЦ
ֿϵĺӡҲѣֻӿ˽Ų
СܸţϴŵĴʱʱҪ伸·ԵĹֻĴȥѰʱѱͣżҲȥĴ⡣
ɴཫŵȹﶵţȹ¶ȣͱѺֹˡ
׼ȹӣȥѺǳ⣬ֶ̯֣ѴͰ
뽫װǰС̫ļͷģ֪ҲЩͷӵͳһһ̵صԡ
˾·ߣŲ۴ͷɿУױҭ뷭ۣѽͲݸֵȡ
һͷһͲ߽߿ڴʯϵĳѡ
ôԶ·ѾǴ죬ˮ̳Ƶģɳȴֻбһ㺹棬һɫ⣬׷֡
ؽͷͺƽڹЩϡһ㣬ûһ㱻ҭ÷ۣҲû¶ʵ飬ƽƽȻżªĲ£ȴûİȣɷͦΣ׿ȻȺ
״Ŀ̫Ѳˣתͷü¶ѯʵ顣
磬ú˵ÿͷſ쿴˹ɵ֡
ѵͷȥ˵
Ŷ׿ʼŲʡ
𷭰ۡ
Ŷ
ˮ
š
ͷڳһЩռ䣬ժĴ⴮Ѿʣµĳ׼ϵԼ䡣
״֣Ӷϵϣ׸˵ϵɣͼѾǴ⴮˲ϡ
ˡһ⣬һŰǰߡ
׷Լʲôûã̲ס硣
ͣɫƽϵǴⱻҳ˷ĸо
ڻ߲𣿡ʵ
˵ߵöˡ
ǻ㣿
ûٹתӣԭƬ̺󣬲Ц׷ȥ



56¡Ԫɻ
·, ֿʼ׷ãʱʱӲݴժһÿĻǰ
, ÿǲǺƯƯ
ѷܵÿ
㶼û߿һۡ
, ˡ
仨Ưо㶼ûо
۾Զо
磬ԱСϪû׼, ȥɡ
С
ҿǲݺӣ
С
磬롪
С

˰, ֪ɽ, µ·, ·ҲһЩˡ
ﲻ, ˺, ũֱ, ųԶԶغȥĶ
ѻûش, Ӧȥسء
سǰ, سǻһ·ģҪȥȿˮ
׿һ۳ѵı, ־ܾˣȥˣлл, Ǵˮġ
Ŷ, Сϱ, Ǻ˻дЦŶߺ
ԶԶĴװж, óѺӦһķޡ
׵ǰɡ
߳һ·, Щũ, ͻȻʣ֪ʲô˼𣿡
Ȼ֪Ǵﾭм޳ȥŮĻǾǻҡʳѣ㲻ҵ˼ҿԸϸ
ãסѾܾ
׵ͷţûڹء
ЦЦؿһۣʵڹ
幬׻ûﲻԣֱ׳幬ҵҡ
·ԽԽ࣬һЩѲĹٱЩٱƷܵͣûʵۣڿӿŴ⴮ĳѺҲ벻Ѱҵˡ
˾һ·ǰȥֱһͷѿ˼Ϥףͣ˽Ų
״յߵʣôˣҪ𣿡
áѵ
һѲʿ·һֱͷʱľʣģʣ˭ʲô
Ҳûػڳһֻ֣½ȡƵݸȥˡ
ʿؽӹƣҪŭƴ͸ûһ˿ɫ֪ضʲôƷȥǰˣȻǸũ˴磬ȴȻ󲻷Դϣﲻһ⣬Ʊʡ
ţͼˣĴ
һǣ˷ܵŽŻ֣̣ĸ硣
󿴹Գϲ֮ɫİȱ壬ɹں棬ȴһˤԱߵС̫ţײײܡ
ȳ嵽ǰͨһأµļţ£
¡ɹݺعȥ
ΧЩԭŵʿʱҲعڵϣ尲ꡣ
ѴˣȻһֲ£ϻزϣȴ˿֮⡣
Ƭ̺Ӫ
Ѵźڵ׽߰ƵĳۣλԴֱࡣ
һֱĻ֮˸ˮ档ɴνסȻһֱ˿ԶߡѶһ裬Ʋűǣû󣬡ֻǷΪ޵ˡ
Դ¸հԶ֮ǰͷԸȣĳͻȻѶȫޣȲõıи˼۲ǵһһԳڽӵʧ󣬵Ҳûдţֻ·Ըհǡ
ѷ²豭ָߵŲ輸棬ֻηó˿ߵˡ
ԴǵûУӦĽ飬ϳһֱû¶档
šѵͷʾʵ⼸նʲô֣
Ӧ»غѰפںӱߣûлعĸرԵᣬȴûʲôжڹ߾ȥԭľӻգӦҲڵȴϢ
˵껰󣬳ûںָֻܰߵ輸
eүأƬ̺ʳһ仰
eүü䣬ӣȥϷ԰ӣҲȥޣ;ѣֽһµϢضһ󣬳֡
ţ֪ˡѴػ˾䣬ʣô̫أ
̫һ̫Ϊʲô̫ǻص̫У־ĴѰұµټ
ûоЩش𷢱ֻһÿɷԴҲ֪ʱʲôͻȻ˸⣺ԳЩ̿͵ݲ𣿡
Щ̿ͷΪһڶԸ£һڶԸ幫ӡԸµ˺ܿ죬㱻ץסҲԾûκοԲѯݵ˿ǶԸ幫ӵЩ̿ͣ»ˡ
»ȻϬѷУ͸ɭɭ⣬ΪʲôҪɱף
Ը幫ӵЩˣд̱µ˻ɱֻһڡ˽һ󣬱Գѣĸ٣һ·»󣬺ıץһͨʡͻȻЩŹ֣Ҳʼԥ񣬺»ıⲢɱ幫ӡ
ѿµ۾
һۣҪӲͷƤشԴԱ̾һ£ϳ˵ɡ
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Դ˴ؿڣûܽʣµĻ˵ڣҲ㹻ǰ
Ȼʵۺ׾ʲôԨԴȴҲ֪˹ϵͬѰЩؿ˹ȥ
ֻϿʲôϲŭֻעϵһŰơ
ǰѾطһ٣ڸС
࣬ôطͻȻԴĻ
ԴϳƤ޽𴲣ڸб˼һ²׼
šѵ˵ͷͬȻҷϸӾһ£ض˽ѵԺϲЩʵʵĻͷ
ʵʵĻͷԴһ䣬ﰵԾ
Ȼ˳ͷɾſڴϲܶҲԴڻǰҪסԴӳñˣʵۣ˼Ľףĵ޷ǻŵôˣͺƵģɴҪȥʵ˵ǣȻǶ϶ϲܷ˵ġ
ֹܷˣһ˿뷨С
Դһݣæϳ޷˻룬˺һϼӹ¿ˡ֪µĹ
ѵһЦ಻٣һЩҲ⣬ֻҪЩҲͰˡοҲҪ°׵£ȻѾͽҲ׷ˣ˵ӲŻȻµı˼ȥ޼
Դĵһ£ôͱˣɹ˳صϳл¡
̧ۣߣǳһĨЦ
ԴҡҡͷҲЦ
ⷬôףܺԼĶӣܵǲõǵˣͬʱҲһ棬ºӱֺãһõǰ̡
ԴΪʵ۵ֶΰľȴҲοԼûѡ֮ˣûվӡ
ԼӵЩȥϼӽѵЩǲõģͷ
״ʱڸھԪ˸⣬ľͰԡ
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ԪЦأӸ飿
϶㰡˳һӸ顣˿˿ص
ԪͿӣˣιǶ֧ˡֵʵ⼸ߣ¶ɺã
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Ԫ˵¶ȷģյ˽Ҵӹ˵չȱҪЩ
ǵȻˣ¿ϲˣһ̶벻ҡ״ͷһĭ档
ԪûסЦ⾢ɱ̫ΣС챻
ҳӸ⣬ҺӴŶҺŶװģ
Ԫʪͷϣˣúϴ衣
ϴ裬ԪֳСģ
ȹӱŶ˾ƯƯèèԪǧӰױԪڵͷĵתͷ
֪ˣƯƯèèԪû
ƯƯèèע˳򡣡
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۾ų⣬ػصֻһŴǿ϶˯һѽ
ԪʵĻվûʳڣֻĬû
ñ¶û˼Σﵹȷ



57¡ٳ쵽
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ϳɵش˻ѹĹ£ҲûԳ֮, һֱĵĳ˿³ֱ͹ȥ̫
̫Լʮͷ, Ϊ, ȥò, Ļ, û, 鷴
, һֱ躹, ǧǳ, ǣڱ߾ľ˾ˡƫƫҪȥôº, һλ£Ҫ׷Ļ, ô˵壿
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ҵ˾˻Ϊ㣬ΪҡüΪλΪʲôһֱ㣬Ϊ˾ڱ߾رֻҪһűȨзһ졣ƫҪȺνſʦүʵ⣬һδΪУЩҪұ˾˵ĳı
вյظ£ҲͰˣϢģ﷢ţ֪Щʲô
νصĸģҲģֻȥԵˣǡײ˶ѡ޷Ǿһһ殳裬ɵ˾ˣ֪Ҳöô
̾˿ôʱδ죬öһЩҪˡ
ס
ӻʹǰԺûһˣҲûȥһ߻ȥʦү誽һ߿ǰ
սǰͲԾվϹżſʦүžͿ׶ŵǸˡ
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ҲӰӼֱӡ
ȴţԹԻԼСӡ
ʲôӣǸǸһͷһͷСļ
׵ûϵҶǶһģЩҶһһСЩҶһһ졣
磬ʹ硣ụ́Ļʣǧ򲻿ἰָ㡣
á
׻Ǹ״ӣϸϸһȦС㣬ûķӣ֪Ѿû
ǻʲôһͳԵ
ë׸ջش꣬;ԣϲתͷһ˫纣۾
磡ëһӣתѻУ˫§סǾݵ
ŵķӶԱߵͻȻĺȤ
Ѱıٽƿӡ



58¡
, ôˣҺüû㣬ˣÿ㶼, ȵ˯ҲȲ, ȥǬ¹ϳƳһۣսСҲ㣬ǷӴҲš
û뵽ȻС״¡
û, Żֽ۵׽¶Ц⡣
ӵڵغˣȴûò˼, ĵؽͣһɺ, , Ϸ, ûУû
ϸ, ָǳ̲һʵɺ׵Ϊʲôһ
׾ȵؿⲻȰ, ǳ򡣡
һ, ָɺԱߵţƣ
, 
Ϊʲôϣ
׵ø, һɡ
⻰磬촽⶯, ڻǱ졣
ѻϸ, ÿƶһ, ӵǺһ, ص, 幫ѧ, Щʱգضߡ
ҲŵԶԶԣڻûãȻٿڸÿ
𣿡ѲÿɷŻ⵽ǰҲ֪ʵ׻Ƿӡ
Ȼǵˡ׽ش
ǵġӵͷĻص
۾ʷӣ⼸ϿΣֵΣ
ŵ幫ѧϰ棬ѧҲɲõĿҵ
㵹˵Ļƽѧϰʱ̬ȻǺܺõģÿղõĿҵҲɣֻѧûѧ˵
ֻڷӸǰֺãʵϿɵƤúš΢Ц
һ㶣ҳʽǫʵȴֳӯŨŨԺΰѻȥ
ȴڴʱ죺ҹԵģĺܹԵġ
ûֻԷ˵ȥϢɣ
ǡй󣬲˰ѶͷĺŲɿȥ
§סѸ첲ʵ磬һô
šѵͷóˡ
ҿ϶İһҪ͸
ײ֪ҪܣȻڶԷóԷϲȻ˵ڣʵϲ𣿡
Ƴһۣ˫ڰ׷ڴۣ˹ǣ޸޸˵
ãô޸ģ˵²ص
ָڻָ㣺ƩֻɺףղŲҽ͵Ļҿ²̫ܿɺס
׷ҧŴԱ߰дɺ֣
롭ü˼״ٵѱʸңҰɫԡ
á
׸Ͻʵݸӣ׻ֻɺϽ޸ģֻȼʣһֻչɺױԾȻֽϡ
ۣĺɫȿʼÿˡ׵ɴ۾ĳݵغ
ѶֻɺףֵͷõһĨ졣˵ùԱߵʵݵ
Ķ㣿ĶЩŵʡ
Ѵ£ס°͸ͷ࣬סñʵֻ֣ɺͷһ㡣

ͣȵϢ˴׶࣬Щ̲סȥӡ
𶯡ѵ͵ͺǳ⡣
Ǿûж
еζסȫǳţ˵ԵɵͻȻӿ죬óѵĺڶʱ˵̡
̲סŤŤӣСػ硣
ôˣѵͳż׵ĶĤڷøòС
磬Ҷ䣬ͻȻͰ˵
Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪ܣ㴵ˡ׵ĶԽԽ̣նҵҲÿ죬飬飬𣿡
ĳѳĬƬ̺ͻȻһЦͷһ̶ֹֻסԴ׼תͷ
û˵
飬飬飬
顣
ڽɺ׵ã׿ͷƫгһĨ󣬳˿ɿԴתͷȥˡ
Ҳڿֻɺףתͷʱ⧲أ촽ʹϷɿ
ǳˮϵһ˲Ʋ¶ۼʵˮ浴һȦ
㶣ѾûоƵģɴŻ鲻䡣
ôˣֱɫʵ
׶գգˮ۾ú˵ҸղӦ׵ˡ
Ŷǰɡ˵ʣʼ޸ǿ״ƸƵɣ׾һ˲˲ض׹Ǵա
ʲôѶŻʡ
򴽣û
ţ
ǹŴյߣÿԺԲƵֹһ䡣
˵ʲô塣ѵ
˸ʵĶ΢Щҿһ𣿡
ѻ֧ʣƽʣΪʲô
͡ס۾һֱ۲顣
û˵ƺ˼ҪҪӦһֻ֣̯ǰ
ϸ۰ʵ
ʲôһ˲ʵ
򡣡׽͡
֪ݸʲô
׵۾٣żȴ͸Щںһ𣬾һصջС
һ£Ҿ͸㡣˶ģ򷢳΢ײ죬Lh߲ʵĹ⡣
ÿ𣿡׷ʡ
̧ͷĿעҲòصܺÿ
Ӧ𣿡ϢԼȸ׵þõĻʮҲС
۵һ˿ްЩƵصȸˣֻȸһɡ
֪Ӧ˵˼סֱ࣬˲죬پųѵ쿿
Ӣǰ𽥷Ŵ㿪§סɾ촽Ҫӡȥʱȴ˲࣬žø߸ߵ죬ֻϡ
ɣҲС
ۣ
Ϻݺ˼ڣһ죬ѵļⶼĴ𣬳ЩΡ
񫣡̫񫣡
۾ð⣬Բֹȸ׬˵ϲ
ȴʱͻȻƿˡ
̲֪شǰѱֵסͷ˵ˡ
ֻֽ׵۾Ҳסױ˳һֻżգ۾ëģҲ᲻ԾŲ
硭
úײỽҿ𣿡
ѵͷУܿ档
ðɣǾͲ档ȴͬ˵Ҫɹ˳վһ
Ƭ̺󣬳ÿ֣ؼЩ޹غš
ƿߣָ׵Ļʼָָ㣺㣬˵͸ΪѾɫˣô£ҿǸëɡ
ײͰƵģǰ§ס󱳣ص˵ʲôʲô˵Ӿӣ˵ëë
ﾹȻǴ޾ĳ谮ݡ
Ѷ˶٣ǽ޸ġ
ġϲ̵ػ˾䣬ִӳѸ첲굽ԼַѾëʵϣҸĻ
ѽëģٽֻסȴëӿʼ֡
磬Ǹ޸ĵòˣٿһ󣬾Ҫ־
֣İѻŪˣװѡѰס֡
׵㲻͸ﰡ
˵ȻҪ͸ңҸоϲ
ԭ𣿡
ѵ˵ͷ
ðɣǵ͸㡣׳ɵʣеϲ𣿡
ġ˵
ʶŶһʣ찡
˵˸ӣ
Ѿˣ˻صţȥݣһоû˵Ż˯ź󣬲ȥ鷿
Ȼг㱨󿤵ȥһš
һ˯ѣָѾûڣһڴϣʱǼһɵɵЦһֱűڴϷ
һɾݵԪĻʵôãڸʲô
׵Ŀ˷ȴҲ֪²ܸˣһ󣬻ɵЦԪ̣ܸ㡣
ԪҲû⣬ԼŽУߵôãˣȥԺɹ̫
Ȼϻ幬Ĺ̫࣬ʵϻǬ¹ڣչ׵ʳӡ
Ԫ̣Ĳ˳ÿɺãûһʡ
ԪᵽԼЩ˾һ߿ʼӳƣһ߽𴲣ͷ£ٽƳš
ȥɹ̫ȥ
ȥ鷿Źصýģſڣֻ㬵뿪ȥ˺԰ӡ
ԼѾЩûЩҰè棬ɱȥǷһ磬οһЩδĳӡ˳ҲҸضţٰ鷿ʲôġ
ûм̾ͱɱ˳ŵǰߣһ֧˳ժµĻ֦
ƧСͨ԰һ˾סƫЩֻҰèǶҲϴεŹ׼ĵط
·Ե֦Ҷ޽ЩѾҷ·棬ֲܼǰ
ϴμʱ򡭡ðɣҲûʲôѲѹ
ͻȻﴫ϶˵׶ʱͣס˽ţǵһƬԼˣﲻЩ档
һŮ׾Щ죬һ󣬷Ǵߴġ
̽ͷ̽Ե˵ͣˣе֦ҶҡΣ˴˳
δʩۣ֬һ֧ббڷϡ
ϡ
ƯáڿϺкָĿڣ̫á
໹ǸŮп΢ЦʵףȥĶ
˵ȥҰè
Ůס췢Цϲ޳ɵؿһۣŮȥЦ⡣
ܺã̲ס԰䣬ЩҰèҲһġϵĿͣҪ㱾ȹ䣿
׳£صõģҿһҰèҲżġ
ԡҲ̲סЦ



59¡˾
׸, ˳СǰߣȹŮͱһ
̫Ҳϲ԰𣿡û֦زŪԱߵЩҶ
ϵЩ, ÿЩضȥ, ԰жٶҩٶյգҶˡ
ﺬŵļȣ˵˻, ֵʵǰҲס԰ӵģ԰Ӻ졣
׵ͷţҲ, ǳ, ҵ幬԰ӡ
ͻȻͣ½, Աһù, ˵ǰί, Щ᲻ѿ, ܵһ, ȵƽ, µĻȥ޵ʱ򣬾ָϻ, ߿ޱ߻һһĺ, , ʲôۼҲˡ
, ˵𣿡ʡ
, ǳЦһ, ˵ľޡ
صͷǵ, ίҲ֪һѹһҸض޹˲Żȥ
תͷƬ̣ͻȻ̾Ϣһףá
׾Щ˼˵Уһãһá
ʵѵı㣬»ʺСֽ̡Եͷ󣬡СȥԺףڹչˣ÷ǳѣҼͽͽ˹Ů٣ʵչ
ڳʱ£ٿ˶䣬
ס԰ӵ幬ڵĹΪǹһοӣԴöȱ˿ۣҲҪʱЩǹϵ۾Ʈһ˿㱣˻
ٿѣҲȥˣֻûͦȥôСûнչ˺á
׼ѹ԰οȴֲ֪˵ʲôֻŵûµģ㣬㡣
Ϊտųҵξ㾡ҲԵС̣Ե¼ˣǡû뵽дȵͻȻ幬ϵĻͷȻֹɫҲò԰ףǹʲôܲõĻ䣬۾һ˺üΡ
ͣ½ŲЩŵؿϺܿͻָ飬תͷ˵û£һЩĵ¡
ûм˵ױȥ˵˲ĵ£Ҳ͹Ծû׷ȥ
зȥҶа߲䣬ֵ̧ǰָۣд
̵̲̫˼Ů棬׿Ų԰׵Щӣ鲻Խ㣬ÿ
еȻؿЦףҲܺÿ
֪ģͦÿģҲܺÿǫ
Цøģ˵ף㲻ûͷûԵĺ˵Щ°ɣ
⣬Һϲʵ˵ĺϲ
ллؿЩû˵ֻܽ
ΪʲôѽΪʲôֻܽЩˣЩʡ
ĿͣΪ͸ѽ
ײ֪͸ûǲõĻƯ˵϶ǿ佱Ҳ̵Ľˡ
ִһƬӣϺ𣺡ȥҰèɣҲûعϢˡߴˣıèצӸˡ
˵ûҰèԼǻص֪ˣлл㣬ţлл̫
վԭأϺŮתԶȥԱӣһֻѩ׵С
ԳˮڣһֱûбɹӣֻԼͻȻСҲű䰫ȻЩϰߡ
С˸ˢˢˢץһ񫣬ŽϣС԰Ӹ
׺þûҰèһ棬˻磬ֱϦ£ʱ쵽ˣŴҴȥȡ·׼úǬ¹
û߳һϤСס
û뵽磬־ϲתֻѾվԶ
Ѷ֡
СƵǰ屧סѵһСȣͷ
Ѹ
ȥĶˣʱôһֱûңѽᵽԼǰʡ
׺ţĵȥĶˣ춼һһԷһ˯컹ˡ
뵽һǳѾͿԼź󾱵Сһֻצס죬۵Ц
ֻ֪СֹˣɼЦǾúܾȣһֵֻ˵ĺڱͷٽ£뻳бš
ˡѵ˵ּƤë˳⻬֪ӹòڷġ
ѱ԰ߣʱңЩķ񣬱תͷҧһڡ
ңңҾֻ㣬㶫ʲôѽ
Ѳָݵߣʣǲĥ
׶ָӣѰףʶʶ
Ѱסʶʶ
һ⡣
棬һϲ㡣΢΢ͷĳ棬Ҳ˵ЦҲһϵ
սһ´꣬ˣ԰ѰףûˣײСΪ֮ǰСѣûСףʶų⿿һߣСףͲôųˡ
ųͣͣߵĴѰԼﲻѣڳһûԾµأһԱߵԡ
Сסȴûлͷֻûߣһֱߡ
֪Сϲ޾ѸʧСӰϻǸ㯡֪òҲʹĳطǷ˲١
԰Ѱףȴϰ˵Զ΢ĽŲ˭͵͵
ǽŲϤʱͣתĶûвǰߣǽŲӿ죬ʱ۵׸һ˿Ц⡣
͵ǰִܳӺסѵ۾ɤʣ²˭
΢΢ͷ˼һԥʣ𣿡
ǡ׶ص£²еĻͽϻȦȥ
ǳ٣
ǣٲ¡
ģ
´ˣûлˡԾϣһҧסĶ䣬ĥ£µöԣϻ
ѷֽţǬ¹ߣֻϻղȥĶˣ
˵ԼҰèһ־⻰̫ԣǱӣϻ
Լ˵ϻ𣿡
˵ˣϻǱֻϳѵĲӣɱϻˡ
Сף㸽͵صͷԣϻ
Χֻܰڳε°;͸ͷϣǼⲻʱļܵȡ
׾ܰ˵Ŀ֣̲סỽ硣
ţѻӦ
ȴûֻͷ˲䣬Ҳûʣͱ˼ǰߡ
ȴֿˣ磬Ҿܰҡ
ѾĬƬ̺ʵΪʲô룿
ͷǺܰҡ˶ֲ䣬ȻҲܰ㡣
ʵһֱЩǣ׶Լĸ飬Ҫ֡Ͼ¶ͬСӣɵĽ˵ڣôܷİǺְ
뵽ѵҲȥ
Ȼ׶ʲôĸ飬Ҳ֣ϾеĲԵȣʹܡ
磬ĺܰܰ㡣Ȼﲻ׼ϲκˣû취ѽҺϲѽ
׻Щ̵Ļ⣬˵ú⣬·ôƽ˵ÿڳѶͬʯ׹ģҺ죬ٽˣսҲ΢΢
ǹѣεļģǸģԼԸȥĿ־塣
ˣ֪˵ˡЩִٵش׵Ļ˴ӱϷ쵽ˣԼߡ
ǰǬ¹ѾܿЩ˵ӰЦֽѿ£ǣסһָѱţһ޵
ùź󣬳ȥ鰸ǰۣ׾ԱԼС鰸ǰʼ֡
ԼǱצӡĲӣĥŽûצУϾ˵İ
뵽Щһҡ̲סҧűͷһԵĳѡ
רעӣüͷţȻû߿һۣȴרд֣
ҲԸתͷʼצ
˸צռһֽ
צպãʼд⼸ѧ֣һ䣬һֱֳʣͿһԲȦٸף˷顣
Ѱû׶д֣̲ס̽ϰָЩȦʣʲô
塣˵
ü㲻ǻдΪʲôֿʼдˣ
˵ǸֲдҾȦ棬ʵ֪Ǹ֡
Ѹ˵Уд׾Ѿ±ʴ
Ϸɿ¡
׵óѰĽ΢Цֵͷдְɡ
Сߺߣд֡
ʲôʡ
ʲôֿסѹжʾû˵ڵĻѹΣûѹöֻõڡ
ѶƬ̣ժ£֣һҪӣ糯Ҫá
ȻԸȴҲ֪ܵ£˺ʼд֡
ѿʼӣ˰κ󣬲׼ûȦֵ¡
ղĪǲҪ˵дֵ飬ԲͻȻѴ뵽һ׵鰸
ԲʹַʽﵽĿġ
ڳд֣üͷšһҲСŬʹ̧ͷʣô˸磿
ղΪд֣ʾȥֽȦ
׸û˼ãȻ΢΢졣
ĿؿָĴԼա
׻û
Ѱ̾û£дְɡ
Ŷ׺תͷд֡
Ѹһӣ׹ˣʣ磬˼Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҳ˸ԼĶ
վ̫࣬΢΢Щڣȴ۷صΪѽԭҺѽ
ʣΪд֣
׾ȵؿԼǰֽ㲻д
ѳĬ˼˲дɡ
׷һЦҼ
תͷ˵ʲô
˵׽ֻȦ㽫ֻȦҲȥ
˾С

*
лҪ˵
кѽлл



60¡ֻ
д, ѻӣԼȥԡϴ衣
һʱ볪裬ضǲȱ, һϴ衣
, 㶹ѽҵ죬ѽҵѽҵĸ, ôô㡭
ͰأŴٵСԡڴĹǺ֧ڰ, ȭס̫Ѩ, ʮָӡ
ϴ, ֱߵ, ݸһ, Աϥ¡
ѽӹӺ, ȻȻؿʼʪ
ϻɢ, 趹, һӿѱǻŰɫ£йоصĳ䳤, ֻһȦͷʪԼ͸ļ
óЩĲ, Ҳ΢Щ, һʱûпƺ, ׿ʼ˻˻
ѽ, ҵͷƤʹˡ
ͷʸɺ, Щˮ, ȥߴ硣ԡЩȣڴ
ѴӰȡµľϻһҲ⵽ǰµ˵ݡ
״ǸľϻЩϲʣװʲô˵ҪȥҸӡ
ֲңȲ²¡
֡
ԡ
Ƭ⡣
ԡ
õ⣬۱ӣ÷⡣˷ܵһһѵ
ʣôȫ¸㣿
Ǹ𣿡۾ʣ۽ӣ
ѳĬһ˲ǳԵġ
׵ı鵭ҲС˺ࣺܹܶЩʲôęֽ̈ɣǿһŵЦҺϲŶ
ѾֺֺЦҲӣʾҿӿ
ױȥҸӣӴ򿪵ɲǣɴۣ־ϲһ
ľϻһǳɫ޲ϷһСڡϺõİɣмһŸӵСտɫʯĺˮҫ£⻪ת貶Ŀ
ۣۣۣѾ޷Լ𺳣ֻһһۣһһ
΢Цſ˷ܶǺ˵óԡ
͸ҵ𣿸磬͸ҵ𣿡
ǵģ͸ġ
׸ãֽػֻŷɿԭ̤С鲽˷ּããˤˡ
ѷϻӣȡǶڣ״ͷϡ
׽ŲӲ»ûϵˡȵ˵ѾˣҲҴľżһߵͭǰʼ
ÿÿϲ̵תתȥָͭԼιλӣʲô
ֻ˸Ҹ͸ҵڡ
Ȼ޷лۣ̫ÿˣǸ˵ĵһѹӳ£ʮҲȲһ
Ǻǣɡ
ߵ󣬷ס򣬸ͷͭ￴żЦҿǲġ
óһͭװģȻδ˵ʲôãȴҲɷнµصͷûڣܱȲϳãǴڵĻǱʲôһѹҪǿ
ײ֪ôͻȻЩˣбӿ
Ҳû⣬ܺõػص鰸ԣһľϻŻԭλȴתͷƼˡ
ףϻװʲôʡ
ѿһۣǸġ
͸ԼģЩʣ͸˭ģ
ԥ£ûش𣬶ʱ׵ľ衣
Ҫ͸µģ
ѲΪʲôͻȻãһʱЩȴѷɿ˹ϻһѶߡ
վڿǳ³úã϶͸ġ׻ðŲ֪Ķžһ˴ۡ
ֻһڣɣȴǶŸɫıʯЩʯͷȴ࣬һƬȻףȴޱѤá
״ǶϹ۵Сڣȡתգתѡ
鲻ԣ̵ⶥʵСױģҲϲڣϲ̵ĶҷԸʱѡʯͷСױҲһ
СױСףЩͣ˼˼˲ŷӦ
ԭⶥСҲҵ
ǣʲôʱ˵ϲ̵Ķ
ðɣҵȷϲ̵ĶⶥСҲ̫ÿˡ
Сڶͬĺÿ
ϲϲ
ѱѾ˰׵׼ϾϴνС׵ѶߣμСڣһȴ˵󣬲û֣¶˼顣
ۣⶥСҲúÿ͸С׵𣿺ܺðúÿ
Ѽûд󷢣ﳤ˿
̵ֻСڣڳӦ԰ѻԼСϲģû뵽׾ȻҲ֣´ٸһˡ
ժͷϵʯڣڷһſ鰸Цؿϧֱ˵ʱ䲻ˣߴȥ˯ŷŻľϻ
ϴɻᷭȥͳоû˵һ󻰡żżۼװûߺǳ׼˯
׽Щ˷ܣӲų˵˺þã˲ų˯ȥ
У˿˺ѷεĺִۣʱǰ죬Լһİ֡
磬㲻Ҫ硭
ǰһŸˣѪһ߰ͯʲôҲûڵҡ˻޺˾֡
ǲԶһ£һ˶ĺӰѷһͷܣȥķѩȴʲôҲûš
˲ͲֻѾˣŴ̲Ѫ£ûˣȻղűǺԱչɱ
ע⵽ŵˣȻ沿Ѫ壬εδҲʮ꣬ﰵЩԾ
벻ƾСȻܽͷǧĺɱ
е˺ˣԼƼµعǣϢ٣ȻͿҪˡ
Ѽҡͯ˻ƿ޺̲סȰȥѾȲһִܳʲôҰʱ鷳ˡ
ͯȴʱ̧ͷĴƺȣŲ۵󣬲һ
⾹Ȼͯ
𣿡
ͯѾΪ޺˻ƣվĴΪͺ£ȫŲʲôûҲ˼Ѫֻۣ˫մѪӦѪ
ѵȻһĪ߬סƺϧۡ
ſ˵£ȴκææǰȥǣ֣ͯƴ崩ֻ
磬硭ͯ˵ԣ֣ͽ͵ȥסؿڵǸѪҺ˲ָ
磬Ҫң磬硭
Ȼ۾ͷڴڴڰԼɴղǲһΡ
Ŀڴȴʹ̲ס̽һǵˣָǱŰɿأ΢΢
Ŵϵ˯㣬İЧóѿల
ŴŸղǸΣƬ̺૵ףǻʧȥһ𣿡
ڶ죬״ӷѧع˳ȥ鷿ҳѣսţͿż׷ԲԵͷ
ֻ£˳ȥȴѳסף
ߵԣȥЩͷִսѶߵʣҲܴ𣿡
СȴصšתͷǼͷλ̫ҽס
֪֪幫һ̫ҽЦ
Ѷ˵ȥüλ̫ҽ¡
û׾㵵صǲǸˣû
ѵ֪ûֻ̫ҽǼ塣
ֻе˺ദʱŻԳޣ׵ͷ˴Ӻ˳ȥ
ȥ
ֻȥǼ̫ҽԣΪԼ־һ˵ЩĻߣûüú棬Ҳ͹Թһԡ
̫ҽ֣ûóֻۣضԳѵ幫һҲмȲѧǳȷʵǿ
ɫȻÿǰڰ£ֻܿʣˡ
磬𣿡ͻȻʡ
ûһ˫ĺֻ
ͻȻЩִٲšָͷЩصʵһЩɵԪ˵Ҵúܣ֪ǶǺҵĻκþˣţԣκҾͱĺܴˡ
ѣ磬͸βɣκúҾͲɵˡ
˵ԼͷӣôͲʹأ
Ӳ죬ʱ˵ĸЦǳѿ
ҪԼͷʱһֻͻȻס
ѶԼǰͷ֣Ѳûзſյø
ףʵҲܺáѵ͵ͳһָֻ׵գôĴָĦƤ
ȻܺãΪʲôҪβأתͷеſ
רעؿ˵ΪҵļСʱ򣬺ڲ̫һ˵Ǻûǲãϣһ۹磬еĲͬҲϣ±Ҿʲôĸ顣ҾãӦø㹫ƽ
վ׵ͷ󱳣ףʲôģϧˡΣֻҪòˣͺͣòã
˫Ƭ̺Сصá

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˵ƽҪһ»µĲ



61¡ͼ
˰ӵһ, ʣǰһʱǲһֻܣһ˺صˣ
ֻһ, ȴû뵽е⻰, ʱסˡ
ôˣ
ͻȻץֱۣҪᣬҪᣬҲᡣ
Ȼûлش, ֪˴𰸣ıúúã, ᡣ
пĳ, ӦþǱʶļ䡣ǳ൱Ŀ, ҲײԸȥԭ
ֻʱ˵ô, Ƹ޷Ȼ, Ҳ֪Ϊʲôû, ܺúõվ, Щ˼
ں˼, ͻȻ׷ڷƿЩһƬ԰, ۾ˮǾ塣
ôˣѾ㵵ʡ
ûµ, ûµġ׶Ŵ˵һͿʼᡣ
׹, һ, æȻû, Ѿȥ, 㿴ھͺúվġ
ӿ, һ̵ȥ֪뿴ʲôԼֽ⿪¶һƬʵţ׵ְȥ
㿴ʲô¶ûСѽֽסһţվǰԺ˵дֻ㵯ٳ裬ԺҪÿһ졣
һȵļţչʾ˲㶵ضǴͣ˿
ûˡѽձһƺʪͷ۵ظûˡ
ɿ֣½ϣֿ˫ֻסϡ
飬飬ģҲƽ
ؿڳѻֻʱʱһҭ
ѱԼôģԥһºվûпڡ
¶׵Ĵ̼̫ڲʣȵԺкʵĻ˵ɡ
ֻ֤ʵǾмСк׺˹ĸо̲ס̧׵°ͣͷԼ
ôˣ׸տ޹ŨŨı
˵Сʱʲô仯
ҲͲˣͷ
۾ͳСкһִԲǼҲֻͬͦȻûˣ۾ͱǼ⻹ź졣
ѷſ°ͣ˵ˣˡ
б仯𣿡̲ס档
룺С
Ǳøÿ𣿡
ֻЦЦûлشȡԼϵ֣ߵ鰸ԣʣշӽ𣿡
ûϵת侹Ȼ֮죬ֻ㶵ͷ֡
ѵѧôˣдˣѽѧдҿ
ҪΡ
˲˿ʼ飬ĥĥ鰸ߣ죺д֣Ҫд
ȻСԹȴǹԹԵؿʼд֣վ󣬽˰ӵڻдֵơ
鷿ﰲֻżѵ͵͵ָ׳̶̵ıԹ
ҵĽֺֿʼˡ
֧ǲǲ̫ʺңҿô
ͷˣЩϢƬӡ

ܿ͵˳ٳ죬ĴŵƽʣǶϲҲѣǶǶʯڡ
ڳϽܳףأҲȥˣѾ޶õǽڽ˴
糯˵糯ʵû̸۹£ͬյºͽŲͬ൱г˶Ц̣Ѿó˱õ񣬵չʾʵۺȺ
״δ˶ĺöЩССɺ񣬻˶ҹ飬ۻҡ
Աб̫࣬ÿչʾһƷʱ񵥣չʾƷ̫ڵ
Ѷף鵭ģЩϡƺ˵ϲȴҲһһˡ
ʵÿҲҪͺܶöȥЩƶص񣬴󲿷ֶڿⷿãָ׼ĳ͵ɺʱ׮ò£ֻᱻʵͻСҲֻܺЦ£ߵлʶꡣ
˭֪£񲻿ɲͣˣʾ֭ر͡Ǻ˻ʵ۵⣬ôͻᱻ£ĳ󳼼ҵİٱϡ
ǰ͵󲿷ֶûʲôرֻ񲿳˻չһʱ˵ľ
һɽˮͼȺɽ࣬ƣɽϺ֣ɽƣɺϷ衣
Ȼ߳ȴҲһȺʶ˾ֻ̾ڻչʱ¶ķ֣΢΢ҡΣƺз紵Ҷͬ衣
Ϸɽۻһٲˮƻˮֳɽ۵Ҳڻƶ͸ɫչ⡣
Ⱥ󿴵Ϊ𺳣ԼѻǸͼ⣬Ҳȥ鷿ȡ͸硣ͻȻԲλ࣬˼ȥȡ
ϾҶҪչʾᶯĻǰô˼˴򿪣
ӲϸŷԵøʵëëҲĵˡ
뵽̲ס̧ȥ׵ĳѣҲǸȻû˵ʲôóҲϲ
Ҽ洫ͼһ⻭ϷͬѰټ˵Ķػϸõǡôҫʱоֲͬɫǻ
ɴ¶Σ˻ۻ̾Ҳݺķڷ
ȥ˺ܶʱ䣬ȵ̫ǽڵҲȥ˵񣬱ӴԱͨȥڵ
Ƴ֪ûпȥſ΢΢Цתͷ
׸ڵе񶼷һУЩʱݻʵ۵ָʾһЩʣµⷿܡ
ǰżɹָӼС̫ڰˣſ̽ͷ̽ԣ֪ǸĻǰ幫ӣңĻ㣬Щʱ򰡣ᵽ޵ȥǶΣ
ȷæҲңæ㿴㿴ȥ档
֡ɹЦеص
תȥһŵɫȹĹŮŸʳнһ̫ࣺ̫ѾζǱϲģȥš
̫ӹʳУЦˣԳԹ󣬱š
չĹأֻҪǬ¹ڵĳʳ˭ģԳ̫඼ҪȳȷȫŻ͵ʵ۸ǰ
ϳǹŮ̫ߵŮЩϲشкƯ㡣
˭Ư㣬ǹŮЦúϲ£죬˸˵˼仰󣬲Ͽʳȥ
ȥ˴Ƽeڽվϣ˸ӣڴߴһֻ˸磺˵˵޽˵ڸﲻ˵úúõ𣿡
ǰ˸ƽûôˣŵɪɪͷڳ£һԡ
ΧĳӶ΢Ц»ЦeЩεתͷ˺ԳѵʱҸι˺ЩʳǳԳˣƽģһ޽˵ر˳
ѵǳΧܺõصˣôʱ
e˵һԣļȥʵϴ˵ֻᳳܵİ˸𣿡
ǰƽˣǻģͷʵڸ˵ʱһԣͷʲôãȥͽˡeǾʧӣ޺޵ص
ɵơһֱĬİ˸磬ȴʱ
e׶һۣϽߡڴʱ˸û
˵׶ǰ˸һһ
ǰ˸ȴֻһֽԴ굽²ˡ
ϲش֣ʳeԽ˸ι𣿡
eǿɲУ˵˼黰һҪȥġ˵СĵؽĲָϡ
ȻźȴҲǿҪֻһ۽һ۵شӲַ϶￴
eȷϲŵֻ˵ģȴ˵ʲô˼˰
̸ֽ˼䣬eݸһԵտԼ˴׾øڿ϶ҪЩ˸߲ҵĳӲźܾãҲʣµʧȥȤ幬
ʹ·壬볭·ӴһƧͨȥոƹڵͿǰиɫȹҴߵ񻱳Ӱ
״ʳУϳǸѾŮкǹŮѾߵûӰûг
幬һ죬Ԫ̾ԼΪʲôӵһֻ˵㲻Ǻÿİ˸磬ֻ˵ȸҲð
ڻʹɢ޵طĳһϮ򵥵ĺֻۣ̣úĸţȥ幬
쵽幬·ϣǰҲɵŻİߵĸ
ԩèè鲻ƯءèèĪˡ
ɫ糣ؼǰߣȴŽԭأûͬಽظš
ȰɡͷҲصص
ǡĳ˿
߽幬ֻǰݵĸԪݵվԺ⣬Զһ
Ԫ
ѻԪȴûжֱĿתߣ·ϵĳѣŻæ񣬳ڶ޻
ȫͶس裬ҵͻȻסһů
ĸȻֹۿˣϲػ硣
һֻ󾱣߰ɣȥˡ
§סڡϤĵ㣬Լ־
ҽ챾һֱ㣬ǿ̫æˣҲ࣬ҾͲ㣬幬ǲǺܶºģ׵ڳѻ붯ﺬʡ
ţܶ¡ͷ
׳ӣȾˣ
һ㣬ѾˣҲŵʡ
һҵıӱȹҪġ
ƺǵЦ׾ڲ
Ҫٳ𣿡Ѹֲ䣬ȻǾͻȥ㲻ϲǸѾ˹ȥԷȻϸϸĿ
׹Ȼٵǳ赯٣߰ɣȥˡ
صǬ¹޵׸һݣ㿴ǽϹһǸɺңѾװѺã·ӡпֵӡ£һǽڴͼ
׾һȽϣԼǸ׾ӣЩڨڨȴǸ̾мӣײţԱĳɹ٣㿴ǽô
רĴͨ׶Ļūܺã¿ңִԲūҧһڡɺҲúãɵöȡ
Ȼֵò⣬һȴôҲϲ£ƳһֶۣԳɹ˸ƣɹ²豭Ϣ˳ȥ

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ƴдҲûд¼ݺҪֲòдһλҪһˡ
ıۻллԡ



62¡뻭
ױһ, ϲ̵ؿԼǸԽԽǸӡս˿Ϻһ
ӡĶģʵ
ѣп, ӡºܺ, Ϳ
ʣԼ̵ֿ𣿡
ţԼ̵ġѴӻͳСУݸȥɡ
û뵽ԼгһҲӡ, µضСӵ鰸ԣȡԼצĲӣ, ӡպӡ, ӵһҳʼ, ½Ƕһ
ѾͿ, ЩָСīʣЩʲô
ЩīȻСһ, ״, һС÷
Ŵ, һǴһ߻صֻһ, û˵ϻ
ŶüָǶԴʣأ
Ƴһ, Ǻ˵㲢ûжЦ
ѵһҳ, ָһʣأô, ӦǺ˵, Ц˰ɣ
ױ, Ƕʱֻ, øû, ſϿ¡
Щ˵ڵģֻϸһԻõЦ˵ҼǵסǾͲ˵ˡ
Ҳû׷ʣֻ΢Цſҳÿһŵ½ǸǴЩҳϵ÷ԽԽʱһռšһֻһ÷̲סʣҽһ÷ɡ
һ䰡
תͷһ˲˲ؿ
ôˣѵ͵͵ʣȵϢ˴ϡ
ٿһ£ġ
֪ˡѵͷ
˳ĬضƬ̣ѵ˵Ŀ⿴ҡ
ԼƤʲôĿ⣿
ӷŷۺ죬ǲεЩѵصߣκЩյ̾˿һԱߵ𣬽ԴѹǰƵص˵ˡ
׵ĶڳؿڣǼҵƺĤڸԴ˶°͸鵽Ѽͷذۿ档
ţ񿴵ʲô˼£۾ɴˡ
ûֻ¹ӴսһӳӰӰ´¡ǽϹŵǸͼɫĹ£Ҳķ仯ĲֱӰ͹Գ󣬾ȻֳͰ￴ȻͬĻ
̵ĸɽ˹ͺͺĺɫɽ壬ƳѹƣһɫٲҲɫǰĻ
ɫȥܶɭ
ҲܵĽӲƿЩʵôˣ
׻ػתͷ˳߿ȥҲǽǸȻ
ϵڴʱס¹⣬볹׵ĺڰ׸ҪŵؿʳѣǽϵĻȴʱͻȻʣӣͬʱƽ׾磬鰸ϸõֽž
ʶץסѵ䣬оҲ§סԼ磬һ̣оںȻһ죬˲ʧȥʶһ˿㱵ļ䣬Ǿᣬƺĳȥű˻ԡ
ڳУֻ䣬Ҳķ
ŬۣƤȴܳأǱסôҲֲ
紵˻ĺιϸӺ
أҵıأ
ʶѰұӣʼ
ȥĶˣ굽绳ҲŸȺĺ󱳡
һѣۣһƬãã˲Сգ˺üۣӦߣЩ޴룬ЩãȻش
һƬѩԭƶֻ޾İףκζҲ߼ʣֻѩƬţڿз衣
ײԼôᵽŬ䣬ܼһĻ͸￴Ǹ仯Ļžͻģʱ͵
Щţ뺰磬ȴһ໡ͷ΢΢ѩצӣŷԼѾ˱
ȥҸ磬˼ȴʧˣһֻС
ͱɣҲ˲ôˣצӣѩһ·ʱ໵ĺ
Ҳ֪˶ã˵ӰӣҲûţЩˣʼü񣬳˻̻Ȼ
Ķ⵽ĶҪ磬Ҫ뿪
׺䣬ܺ£ͷѾıӣǰܡûãҰһƬӰɽ
ѩԭϿ˸ɽһ񣬵תǴȥ
Сס
ķѩУƺں֣Сһͣ²צΪǰѩϳۡ
ĴɼĿȫǷѩûпʲôˣʧתͷ׼ܡ
СסȥǸ
˲ֻüһ飬ٿתɿشܣֻöЩ
ͷճС
ڣڡ
ǰѩһߴΣ߽ӽΪÿһѩСȣߵΪѡ
ȻѩܴҲڵߣƼĵһۣϳǳѡͻȻʹԭس˳ȥʸֱǰһԾԾ˳ѵĻ
ѻ޵ʱۣѵѩͷüҶ˲ɫѩĭëҲմżѩ
ȫһ㵭İڵϢ赲Ϻˣ촽ҲɫȻ赲⼫֮Ҳòᡣ
ֻǰצ§סͷͣѸ٣Ȼ޷Լĵļ
ҸվͿˣ׷ϣҲӦѽסף˵㽹ʣСףտ·ϻûˣ
һͷڿУ˻ȥ
СףûмѵĻȻֹҲ˺
׼ˣĿֻԼͷ̲ס̧צ£ȴֻڣûʲôֵĶ
סѶͷʯڣ̵³ʣµ֡
׺Ϊѣ֪ôشѵ⣬ҡҡͷʾԼûп
ȴһֱĿǳֵ֣ЩëŲҶƬ̺󣬳ѲٻصȻûȥ
֪òᣬһůĻôæһֻצץס˻ΣһֻצָԶɽ塣
ȥǶȥǶܱܷѩں䡣
ʼտСȻëȴżԲʵ㿴𣿡
ƽ۾ȴ΢΢ײûע⵽ЩֻĳѻҪããѩӲͷƤ˵ͷ
ҿˣҿˡ
㿴ˣ֪Ķ
ԽԽӣСֻԲ۾زӣֻצָɽ塣
Ƕ
С˵ͷ
ϵļ׺붼ڷзȻҲòᣬĻС£ɽ崦ȥ
׾øƺе㲻Ծ˵Ǻܹ֡
죬˼⣬ѻֻ¶һƨɡ
ȻŲͣȴһֱСϣһصģ
ѩԻǰߣ΢΢𣬽СڻУͬʱҲڵϢԼСס
ڳѻʼΪؼʣԼһʱǸо̫⣬̫ñ£еĿ־嶼ûˣǰȫС
ڸ绳֪ӷᣬ̲ס££צӣǰĵﾾø
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һͺͺľ޴ɽ壬û￴壬ɽϴݲֻʯ
ɽȥЩ죬ֲǵЩãȻջߣͷȥѡ
ҲɽƬ̺ᶯ˶³֣ͼ
ײΪʲôͻȻڴʱǸ˲ںɻعһ
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ʵС׵ݣǲ֪Ǹͼģֻײżײûô˼һᵽǸͼζûУæصͷͷϵڸŻζ˺ü
ǵüǵãɹˣͼȻÿǿɹˣš
Ŀ΢ȴɫ㿴ǰɽͼóĻ񣿡
СȻͷ
񰡣ɽ˵ôô찡
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Ǹڹ߱仯ʱҲ˸ı䣬Ϊʱ̫̣ҿò̫壬ȴҲס˸ţͺǰĸɽơ
֮ǰѾĴɽطȫѩԭǱڻôѩԭӦûб߼ʣҪ뿪Ψһĳ·ȥɽҡ
˵꣬ɽнֵ͵ʵСס
С׺ͻȻĪ飬һҡͷʾ£һֻצӣüҽëϵѩĭߡ
Ѳë׵צף˵ʲôֻڷѩǰС
ȵڵɽ£ŷɽ峬Ӵ󣬳ѿǹ⻬ͱڣҪֱǲܰ쵽£ɽߡ
û߳Զ㿴һɽȣɽǱһ¶Ψһ϶
ȥס
Сͷ
϶Ҳ֪洵ķ磬ϰԵȥʵķѩ˸գΧҲûʲô֦ɴ̤˽ȥ
ڸ̤ɽȵ˲䣬һֱХŰķѩͣϢ˲䰲л絽羡ͷĴ
׻ЩϰߣԼˣſԼĹ󣬲ŷ
ǳΪں£ְԴ
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˳شڿУɳһֻڳָѹƤʱצס档
ֻצϣ£΢΢̧ۺСߡС˫ߴӵۣǳ˳飬Сϣʣûﲻ
׷ſţҡԴ
Щĳѻ׷Լ׵ȥΪʼѣצָɽʾ׾
óʲôҲûʣƬ̺Ǽߣ澿ЩʲôǸʲôչֻǸֻҪҵ۾ƾ֡
Щȫѣֻֻצӽס
ɽԽԽխѹѾɽչһǺǰȴȻʣһƬɭ֡
ɭֱİţľ׳ܣ֦Ťᣬ˸о
ͣ½ŲüϾǸֻܿɽΣ֪ɽоĵɭ֡
ܣû·ǰֻܴһ
ﶯ˶ʾԼҪѱ֣˵ء
һһɭ֣׳鶯ͷſûŵɭеĲľ㣬ֻйζǸ֦Ҷζ
׼λͷֳѶԼĿԺܹŹ֣㶵ͣ½Ų󣬳ƽתߣʲô鶼ûС
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ǴǰСͻȻתһٵĽž͵Ծ, ﻹŵɡ
Сһҧסɣĳ˦һ, ֫, ضš
ǸɿݵͻȻ˶, Ť, Ȼһ, ԱߵĲݴ
Զ, תͷ, , صͺһ
𣿿ǧҪĶǲܱ, û˵ȻҪݺ㡣Ҫǲע, ۵, ۵, ù
Ȼ, ӱܿʲô, 㱣֤֪, Ҳľ
һڵԶĵطܱһƬããС
׷ֳѵĽŲԽԽʱͣסƵƵתͷȥ̲סѯʵһ
ôˣǽʹ߲𣿡
Сףܿ·ԽԽˡֵͷȥ־ô룬ָƲ塣
ãȻؿ˿ܣúѽʲôܿ
ðͷŵȻؽһ
ҪϹ𣿰ǲǿҪϹˣ
Ľæ͵ԽԽŨأҿµ·ѡ뵽ʲôֲҵ۾û⡣
˿Сܲص࣬һҧס·°ڣܿЩס·ɣǰߡ
ܿģ·
ȴֹȵȡ
ͷʲôҲĴΧܰһ˿綼ûС
Сף𣿡ͻȻֵĶƲ壬ע⿴ܡ
׺־裬Բ۾ƣҲͷ
ʱҲһOO@@죬ɳڵϡɳɳһƬϸϵĻǴΧЩϴġ
ŵŨصȳζףͻȻвĵͺ
׿ЩϣߣС۴ϸڣһʹž綾
ߣƽײߺ󣬻ὫץסšɸᣬҲη壬ҧֻ˿ڻʹ·㣬ʱôߣﻹЩë
šᣬҲҪšצӶɡ
οȻҧȴ⣬һ˱ҧ˵Ļġ
ΧųȦЩĶ죬׺ݵعצӣչʾǿ
һεģųѳһצβסҲû˼ȥšᣬһֻצͷ£ͷʱĳ˱ࡣ
ųѶȥһߣһצס߾һצ߸£ôһ£߾ͱצƳ롣
СڳѽűܶһѸݵĹӰצ䣬ϾͶ˼ƿߡ
ȻԶȴҲλվԭһСףҵʯӡ
һʾ֪ˣһ߶ԸЩߣһߵϵʯ׸ѡ
ѽסʯӣ⼲ȥÿһʯӣһ߱㱻Ѫɣȥ
ƼһĻǲͣʯӸѣһһȻסȺĹΧ˶ʬ
ʱȺǰ壬ֻʮԶĵطΧһȦϰ³ţ˻˻
ɫţڷɿ˼ȺäĿǻָͣ¹׼յǰ壬Ⱥһ´ס
޷Χ״ֻףСף㿴Щûرģ뷨ҵ
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Ƥرÿ𣿴Ҷںڵͻûʲôÿġͷر߶һϸû˭Եر
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һȥ߲ߣΨһͬǣͷϾȻһͻǼƵģΡ
׻һݡ
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Լ뿪̶˲䣬Ⱥֻȥѡ
ڴʱȺעצµĺͷϣû˭ȥܻվԭصĳѡ
ԾڿУͷצŤͷҧһצסӣһצһ
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ͷߺ·Ⱥͬʱʹ˻Ѫһء
ڳѽűߣܺͷߴĳ鴤̧צҪչʾĿɨ𴦣ȵطЩȺʧˡ
ɿ´ȻûпһߣʼЩʬҲûˣʲôûз
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ӵѾ͸ĺͷߣצڵϲ䡣
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ˢ˺һ۽ǣȥײצӣʣô׵ģ
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Сߵͷɫޣףֻǻ󣬳׾󡣡
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һƬʯȺԱߵȵȣȽȥǧҪܡ׵ͷԹԵվʯԡ
̤ʯ֣ع۲ܣĿżʯӡΧֻܰгĬĺʯûзʲô쳣
תͷк׸ֻǰһЩʯƺƶɶȥʵʲô仯ҲûС
ֻǶŵСˡ
ͷһݣֱߵ״ȥ߳һ󣬷־Ȼ޷ôߣԶǼʯҲֱ߱ͬ롣
ȻθߣǰԾȥܸܵڶߺХһԾԾԶŵƺҲڸƶغȻֱߣǼʯм䡣
΢Ӧⲻͨʯ֣ǰݱһСͨϱͣС
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Ȼϰ󲢲ѣҲҪһʱ䡣Ҫǣ׵һ˵Ƕ᲻ʲôΣգ
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һ·ǱǺڳ֣ͻȻһƬ֣ó棬ּ졣
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ѵͷ׵Ѿ˲㳱ʪˮ⣬ͷĥβҲƮˮĺ졣
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ѴʱԼܼҲȣвλѾܿƵط˱仯ƽֻֻԼ¿۵֡
磬Ҳ̡
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ѽյúܽԼȡЩʹü磬ʹˡ
ȴû֣ٴͼʱһֻͻȥסϸĲ
硭ײ˼ؿ˵ʲôѵָʼսʣµĻ˺
׵ǵͨ죬β飬һֱֻѶţһִֻڳӵֱϣҲûôһؿ
ɫᣬעף۵ȴûһ˿ϧϵָƺҪ뵽
飡
ʹףͻȻͣһɢ˿С
ΧľҲʼ黯ֺͺʧܻƬʯ֣źڳʯ顣
ѱۿʼϢȻʶ˸ղŵֻǻ󣬵ڵȴʵģӦú͸սʯʱǹͻȻɢİйء
ǹɴѹȥ󣬰վŹԲ̤֮λٶλλλվй̤λǬλλλȵվ󣬷ԼѾǸʯ
Իƣֽ̤λ·أȥֱϽӵŵס̤ʯ֣ͼСվԣߡ˳ѣС˫Բ۾ˣֱúվֻǰצҪ
СסһԾ䵽ǰֽ̽УߣҴ㴩Ƭʯ֡
ܿ㾭ʯ֣ǰɽڣɽȴһʯݣϣϿŨ
ͷʯݣ˿СףʯȥΣ
ûеȵӦͻȻ·һֱܰɵͷȥ
ֻСſڻͷֻ䶯˶ȥû쳣
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64¡ɽ
׾Լ, ɿʣĻŷ꣬һͷˮ, Ǳſšйϴ, ˺ץʲôҧϡá
ѿЩŵ׷ʣСףôˣ
ô˵ó, ֻﲻ͵ص壬ڿкһֻצӡ
·Դʯ£̯, ϵëϸ, û˿ڡ
ָϻʱ, СͻȻ, ֻظŴ, һ˫ˮ۾, ôʪؿ
, ûע⵽СķӦ, ֻһûзʲôƤ, ջʱָͱСצӸסˡ
׽ָŵԼƤ, ʾ
, ȴҲ˳˼ŶƤ, ׼Ⱦ, ȴָӷ, ֪, ҲûأͻȻһھҧס˳ѵָ
ȻûϴƽʱЩ΢üȴûдﳶָֻʵСף㾿ôˣ
ɿ죬﷢ĺתͷȥҧѵۣסһ˦ͷҪǿ˺
СףҸղûڵʱʲôˣסգ
һ˺ǿ鲼ϣһһΪӦ
ѸַſգֱվڳѴϣĲӣϲ䡣
һЩ
ɴֻ˳ѵţȫŤŲ䡣
źܼʵź
ѴעСֵΪ۵ҲЩŹ֡
סŤСʣղǲһЩ
ȻվʯֱûŴ..ԻõŨʱǽʯֶסģƮһЩȥطһֱվڱϵˡ
״ʱȫǲ䣬䣬ֲ䣬ЩҲѵĻȥˣһæµز䣬һߵͷ
ǵģһĪƮ˹ܿɢˡ
׾ȻܻһЩȴɺܣȵҪըţЩ۾ȥѣģ
ͻȻסĺ󲱾УעţС뿪ţܵڿ
ң㣡أ
ѵ˳СۺĶƤ»˶٣ٽµأҿܲƳġ
һ仰Ȼֹ˺ֻѾСȲСֲõתĿ⡣
ױųѵСȣһ߲һȥʵؾЩ߳ܣЩȴôҲͣ¶
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ѾƽעǰƺȲԼģСźء
˻϶˺ȴɾܣί໽ͬʱҲ֪ΪʲôЩǰצ˳t¡
תߣĬؿƬ̣ͻȻ̾˿ֽ˵Ұɡ
˵㱧ףȥһʯ档
ֻˣѻȥڵĵط
ҲûãѱӴʯ˳ɫ򶨣Ͽһ˿ߣֻǻֻСѾˣ̱һƤëòǲëܿ·͸˵Ƥ
ѴƳۣҲû˵һֱСһ۰ڣɽϵʯݡ
Ϲȥ󣬿ʼζղһĻ
ԭоúáԺ룬Ҫøҡ
ٴδʱͿСҲޱȵ˭һ۾Ƴʲô
Գε¶飬ҲάˣЩڵһ߿ǰƮһĨɫ
׸ȫ᲻ôڳѻ۾Ŀ̵ؿ
ֱסԴת棬Ŵ˸Ƿƣʼ龰
˳ʯгһκ󣬱˼֧ѶӿǣֱѡһǰߡһСΣֻ·ڣֻĿ΢һɨ̤һ
Щȵ̧ͷ뷨͵ȻǲסǸúľ·ΣǰʱϸܼġȻɽòƸıˣʵ֮ǰһֻҪձǰļǰҵȷ·
ԭĺ
ûע⵽ĵ𺳣һָͷʯڣԥ̽ڣСף㡭ܱܲ˵ģ
һ飬ֻ䶯˶Ҳţڼ˼ôش
ѿֵʵʱһЩӣЩʿԻû޵Ρ
Ļ˵ĿԻΪεɽҰ֣ʿԻûΡ
Ȼ⻰󣬴ſĶֱֻ䶶ĳƺҪɡ
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۾ƱˣЩ͵צӣ˳ֱϡ
ʵҾǱӰҾܱıӡ
ôˣСףѵʣʲô˵𣿡
졣
ֻӣûãҲû˵Ҳܱ˵顣οЩֲ̻ģǸͷҲ˲ܿǸ߸߾
ſسѱ䡣
ѿԥҲ׷ʣֻԴ˳ʯݼǰߡ
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ұɫʰ쵵Ķ棬аͷĶߣų³˿˿š
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һֻҲ漴˶վʯʱȴЬãҲûٸоղվڱԵʱȶȡ
ЩҽðĻ磬Ҫڻʯ飬ƺֻһűͼ
ѸоС˿Ҳ壬צӣǰȥ
ⶼȼշڵĻ棬ȴ˿ûȸУ׾ú棬̧ͷѵҲһ죬̽צ
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ʣµ·Ҳûв·ֱֱһͨɽ³ѵգʾԼµء
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ղʯ, ױʱͺܻ̻Ȼڿˮ̶Ǵмˮ, ˮи龰, ҲԸˡ
ˮߣСҲǰͣڰϵҡ
ײͷҲҡͷֻԲ۾, ȴᲽָȥ
ֻõˮСĵ㣬ʲôԾϰ
Сصͷ, Сܵˮ̶ߡ
ǰצ, Сĵ̽ºˮ¶, , ̫ڳҪȵ, Լʱ, ͨһ, СѾˮ, һŲСˮ
ˮǱгʮɺ󣬲ðͷϵë, ֻԴ࣬ȥеЦ
ѿģ, ȷҲ¶һĨǳǳЦ
ױЦݻλ, Щ, ˦˦ͷ, Դϵˮ˦, ǵóѵЦݸЩ
, չ˫ۣҲźˮȥ׸ϽǱˮλȥ
һһ룬ײͣ֫ϵİëźˮص·ѲͷͻȻһţ㻬ǰæȥ׷ֻצٳӰβͶҪ˦
ǰŻٶȣ븡ƮˮУ׷˺󣬷Ȼ죬˫ÿ۾΢΢ţ͸á
Ǵʱˮֿ
໡๾ࡣæ죬ģóûסҲðһݡ
˶Ǵʱұһҳȥ·ֻˮЦ׷
ڳζʱ£ڸ֫һ¡ƺֻڱλʱ˲
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СôΪʲôСӣ
׾˼һֱȥСֱѸݵسץסŰݡ
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һǱʱͬʱǰиˮγɵСԥûȴסצӣʾһǸС
ױ㲻ԥѱϣ˫צ§סӣԼд
ӽʱˮżϯתپġֻԴ죬һͷۻצȴ§סѵĲӲš
ȴʱתϣ§ڻ壬ͷڸٵתУһƽ
ߵˮʧ׸оǰ⡣ۣΧתҲܱվǬ¹޵鷿һʵůĻС
ǰˣӢҲתͣرÿһרעؿڻ֡
硭׿ڳݲػɵЦ£磬кöˡ
ǰ˻ΣҲ˦Դȴκģضת
ƺɿ֣ԭȻֱס϶˱ŵĴС
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׻㱾ԼͿʼ۵£һַֻסĸıУǰֵˮ˿ڣ㱻ڿձƬ̺Ĵ̼䡣
㱻תˣ˯һͺˡ
˳ѵȥܲСҲټ֣Լ˻˯С
ʱִǷŲԾĸO@
𣿡ѵĵѯʡ
һڻش𣺡ʲŻ˯š
׸Ͻֱ۾װ˯ȷƿʱ˿ŵ
Ų쵽ߣ׽ʱڵͬʱȻ˯һԼ˰ɡ
ֹۣͣ磬ˡž״룬ףʲôۣ
ЦЦؿʱһգ𴲺ȣڴϡ
һµ㷭˴ȥԹص£
ʱѾԱ߿һӺͻȻڵҽպСһ𱻾˻
׺Ķסˣ۾̧Ϸųѡ
֪СװɣֻСǳᣬ¾ŵףֻСûʲôң
ʲôʲô°׿ԿϾϾҲܱɱܣûʲôܸ㡣
ԽԽСѣĶΥС׾׵£ܾ˵ġ
ѾôĿͣͻȻЩܣӱܵתߡ
ΪԼһֱƭЩ벻ܲ˵ظɴཫʵ˵
ϾԸǿܱ䱪ĸʿ
ȴ֪ʵһֱߡ
ѿɸƵףҲ𴩣ֻʣףһ׮ܣҲʲô£ȴȻ㣬ûΪʲô
촽ţЩػصﲻ׼߱ˡ
ȷΪɷнµصͷԺͲˣֻҪ׾С
áصͷѿ¶΢ЦҲɵɵЦ
ЦŷӦѵҲܣһʣ˵ԺֻҪ׾С
ﲻװ
׳ͻȻǸͼٿתͷȥǽϣȴֹǶĻѲˣֻʣԼǸͼ
ǻѾˣ˿Ѷͻˡ֪룬Խ͵

´ˣ⻭ʶ𣿡
ɳ㣬ųվһܱյڣŵˣǷŭżֻ̻
ʶŵˣ̲ڴǣһֶκ˶̸֮ɫѶ١ֻôҲ벻ͨ糯ģɻδܿͱ˴ҪڴǵѶ
䵽ڴǾŵĻϣϳ͸ʵ۵Ƿﲻ⿩һ¡
Ȼ֪ʲô⣬ʱ̲϶ʲô¡
ʶǱ׸µ񡣡㲻òӲͷƤ
ϸ
ǰϸǸͻȻָŴгǣǵġ
Ȼ׵Ǹȥȫһ£촰ͶڵʱҲ⻪תƻ˹ȴ͸˵ɭ֮
Ŷôϳģڴʡ
㵱Ȼ˵ĸоȫˣȴָŻϽǵһɽʯϴαڼʱĽǺ«ղ棬ȻȴҲһСɫۼϸǿġɸɾͲ׸µǸ
ڴ˵ϸûʲôͬĵط
۶ϣסԵһǲԾִյԵϸһ˵ôˣֽһġ
Ӳ״ǵ֭ͼɹͺĿ첽ݡ
¡
һ̶ֹס㿪Դ𶯡
ǸѾϸȷǱֽšӲڳǸϣճһõֽǳײױ˷ֻ֡ǲ֪һʲôʱճȥġ
˵ʱɹɫЩãΪʱгʹ߽׵ȫǾȥðŵġ
ѽӶϣ٣룬мʲôѰ˿ӵĵط
ɹͷѾкūѾϸˣǸӴֱȥڵмûо֣ūһֱԲ࣬ҲֽǸŽ˷䡣յֻм̺ͽ̶ūֽ̳ģġ
ĽŵЩԱ֤ǾѡĿɿ֮ˣ泼꣬û⡣
ɹ룺ڶֵ࣬ǣֿĶںū̷ֳĶˣ񸮺ŷͶҲ档
˵Щɣǽŵ̫ǲѾڵûڻȿϱ㱻סѾˡ
̫ǲˣ̺𣿡Ƥʡ
ɹصǣº̺޹أѾ뿪ˡ
һţѾԼҲ̫Ǹȹӽ̺һڲ֪ء
ɹע⵽ףһţˣӵʱҲڵĴţ뿪ūͰѷã뿪һӡ
׵ͷ̺ɽ󣬾ȥǰһ˸磬һ幬ڵ·ֿ̺ɽ㡣
ɹȻʡ
Ǭ¹Ĵɨֶǵãȴǵˡ
ǳ³ֹ֣׷ʡ
ǻ塣
ɹӦȴѺͺɫ̫ã΢һͻ䣬ҲӦ仰ЩԾ
û˶ݵĳĬȴǰһ׷ʵ幫ӣһ̺ɣȻͳeүһ˻˸磬ڻ幬·ֿ̺ɣ
׻£ǵġ
Ǭ¹ģ
ãȻۡ
Ѻ˽Գͣ㽫µ
ԣ׵ͷ
ֽʣ幫ӣͳeүŪ˸磬Ū˴Ŷã
ŶðЩŵһ䣬һ￪ʼ߶߶ڴǰ˸˵˸һԣ￴һ󣬾ȥ˵⡭ϴ˵ֻᳳܵİ˸𣿡ǰƽˣǻģͷʵڸ˵ʱһԣͷʲôãȥͽˡ
ʱʱңʱģʱһۣҲͬһ˰ǣظʱͳeĶԻ
˾ȵؿʱͻȻ飬ɤӹֵ˵˾䣺ɵơ
Ѷָֻ飬תͷֻͣ˸˵ġ
͵ۿ۳ѣӲͷƤ׵Ļõģ幫ӣõģüˣѾ֪žʱˡ



66¡ⲻǰʲôΪ
, ̺뿪Ǭ¹幫ٴοмСʱ, ͣǬ¹ʲôĵʡ
ɹͷû˵, ͺĵԸͬʱܻһ
̺̫Եˣ⣬ôȻǣ̫
̫ͱǱ, οЩ꣬乬˶Ϊӡ˿㣬ܵȨ, θ׳
վڳ, ʱ޿̲ڹעһжʳ仰, սӷ, Ҳ˲, Щĵؿ˹ȥ
ڼ˶û˵, ǳĬ, Ҳʶס˺, ֿǸ, ޶˼ֽš
͵ǰͨһڵ, , ׼ȥһ̺ɡ
Ѵû, ɹҧҧ, Ҳǰһ£, ūҲøò顣̺, Ҳһͺͱйأװ׵ģǾ͸Ҫ
ɹоû˵ڵǣ飬ôʵнԶһ̣̫֮һ̣ǶѪʱʱʹ
ƶǶȴҲЩԼǴײ̺ɣӦúйء
ô̺ɽ㣬ѵǻ
κ󣬳ؿڣģ¾ͽȥˡ
ɹظس˿ڳĴӦضὫ²ˮʯ
ȵĺͳɹ˳ȥʿʼд֣ŲȥװͷЩ֣ʵû۵͵͵
ѵĽë͵ʹţֽϵĿž޲ƸղŵЩ˿޹ء
֪ܲá
һдˣ৵ؽֽţһԣùһֽ׼ʣȴ§һֱۣձʵҲס
ȱдˣ㡣С˵
ûӦȴҲվûױ㽫굽ǰӡ°ͺӡ
׵Ĵÿһ£̧ۿ³ѱ飬ֻ̽ʾõС˻ָ飬ȴֲ֪ԼõķϲʣǷС
Ѵϸϸ䵽ʱһ˲̧͡ס׵ĺ󾱣΢΢ֹȴ֣ǯ׼뿪
˱Ϣţ׸ܵѵĺƵ΢ЩȣḧֻԼ󲱾֣ûзʲôģ㽫ָһ
˫ۻϳѵٴδĴСƵһš
ģ˻Ӧһס׵һֿĺԣʼĴ
촽ЩۣƵֱҲյ͸ȴסûпֻѱ˳Ӧš
ú󣬳Ѳ̧ͷЩصش۵Ҳź졣ףЩãЩա
ĶǻϲϲǣҲóѸӿģһֱֻ㻺̽ȥ
磬һ㿪ĵġǲǡ
Ƭ̺ȻƿӲվȡͬʱѴŭĺǳ⣺ʲô
̧ͷѣֻŭȴûƼ۵Ļңĵ׵˼ʱɵһɶͰ͵ңֻ㿪ĵ㣬㡣ҲҵģҾúܿġ
ѿ˲ðһͷһ亹Ǳһִ󲽿ԡһţľϵͭ裬ԱˮҨ˰ˮôͷ£ͷܵ˽š
ŶͭǸʪˣ˫۱鲼˿ۿѪ÷죬۵ȴȫͰգһͷޡ
úѵˮۣԡ˿ۻϣƿ˳ȥ
޴վ룬һ֪Լ˴£ȴֲ֪Ķ˵ĺӣڿѺǰЩҵصҴˣ
Ѿָƽ΢˼ƣȥǰ£׻վԭأ
׸ϽС鲽ܹȥ˫ִȲվñֱѿһۣվôֱʲôȥŵ¡
ԣЩؿָ̾˿ûʲôģԼ⡣
⻰׷֮࣬ȴ־˼ίͷոҵ
ָЩƣףֻԼ
ңҡ
ѳĬƬ̺Բ𡣡
ʲôѵ
ΪʲôԼ̲סʡ
ǵͷ˼Ƭ̺ŵΪҲЩ˼ϾʲôҲ
׺ܲϲ˵ʲôҲҲϲִʧϧĿڱָΪʲôһˣΪʲôһɵӡ
ͲˣͲˣͻȻ̧ͷش޷Ǿǲ㶹Ҳ㡣
Щ㵵ؿ뿪˵ʲôɻûüſڣίصϲϲ㣬㶹ƫƫҪʲôȴҪ˵Ҳ
ѵſϣſתͷȥſڣ֪ûбţٴθʱһס죬ҧгݵصڣС㡣
ױס죬º첻š
У㶮ʲôɶҲ׼˵ѵ
ûͼ˵ˣҲɿ֡
һ˵ײͷһԣЩص
̾˿˵ɣǱúģСҲ
ʲôЩֻܺϲϴҲ˵ҶϲҪϲҲ֪ҪľʲôϲҿΪ㣬˭ҪϲѵҪҪʲôϲԸңҶԸģԽϲ㡣
׵ƿźܾǿǻȴ͸ͻ֣̿΢۵Ҳˮ⡣
Ѿͬһ㣬ʲô˵
黰
ûͬͨ˰㣬ʱ㽵ؿŰĵЩпƴΪĹĶǣƺǰҲҲȥŰ飬ϻһˣ֮طĿڣ˵ҿΪ㣬˭Ҫ
ⲻǰʲôΪ
ײð飬˭˵ð飿
һԣסȥ;£һֻƣͷ
ģؿǰĳѣûп̵ĿϲֻۣҪҪΪڿޣʵʵûеģɳӡɳӽ۾ԣɳӽ۾
ѽβһˮۿȥأСأڶԴʲô䱦ʲôҲû˵ֻ§ذǰ
ȴЩܵ˳Ѵ˿̵Ҳû˵ôСֻǱŵڿ͵͵·ϣٴſǻѽֽɳˡ
ǰֵ̫࣬Ϣֻһ̫ղǬ¹ӭĳɹ
̫æк
ɹͷ߳תͷʣǵ𣿡
ǣջ
ղűǶʲô
̫£ʱõĶӲθڣǸͷ̫ūû壬幫¶ӡ
ӣɹ£ûжӰ
ūžͲ֪ˡ
ɹ˼Ƭ̣ȥŷżһѩɽ
ǡ
Ҫģܿɡ
ǡ
ĵĵܿ˽
պһϹףۿҪˡ׵֣һƽд֣ſڴͨ
¡Ľ񣬺ºȴûģһֹ
״ӳѻ̧ͷԽֱȥģЦغĸ硣
ѽԴšȥúд֡
ֿʼд֣Ѳתȥ£ʲô˵ɡ
֪ЩҲرܻףֱӻ£ȥ̺ɵ£Ѿ˽
̺֣̲סתͷȥѰ봹ʣʲôĽ
ҵǴ̺װʢѾʳУһһȥϣǸϵ϶Աȣͬһ֡ɴ˿ɼõıֽʳڣȻ˸ݣǲ㻭ֽ˱ͼϡ
ţ𣿡ѿԼڷϵָﵭʡ
ĵˣ̲ġ
Ǿ̲ڴѶˣͬһ⣬ܣĽֶǽж
ô˵ʲô𣿡ѵûʲôһֱȴʶס˺
ҧҧζû˵˭ָѾˡ
һιǳص˿ֵĻĹзֵӣҲһ
ѳĬƬ̺ʣҲ𣿡
̺ɵĸǵˣҴվߣõıߣؼʡ׺ġ



67¡Բ
, £϶ڳĴǰԽԽɫ, ̺, ˣѵϰɡ
û̺ɵĻӦֻһСŮص̫̺Ѿûڹ, ūȥƵơ
ϻع૵ˣ̺Ѿûڹˡ
, СŮ˳, ֿŴⷢ, ٴҲûлͷ, ֱһͳ𣺡̫
΢΢һ, ת, ŵĳ, , ˡ
ХӳĴ˽, ϣĺ, ڰ, ؿ, һԲ
ߵǰ, ˮ, һڳǰ, Լһ¡
ҼǵöǰҲһҹסǴƫ©꣬е趼ˣǽӲ춼ʪˣû˯Ҳǰ
ͻȻڣƹͬʯĲϣЩꡣ
Ҳ˻԰׵ϸ˵ЦʱʳҲ˿ۣ˵ҲǱǾ͵͵ںԺ̨˸СÿҲܳ
Ͻ㣬Һٶ˵ЩмĻҾЩ˵ڣҲȻסһ˵ЩҵչˣҲƽĻڡ˫ַϣڵעϣϽ㣬лл
۵ͻȻһ˿ˮ⣬ŤתͷһԣҵܵܣĸΨһѪҵξǽȻչ˺㡣οߵһʵȫԼҲûʲôãֻܿˡ
һ˲˲ؿϽ㣬ҲⱲӾͺڹĥ껪£ҿԽͳȥ
Ϸϵָ˶˼ΣƽƽصҪ֣ȥЩ£һб¡
۵һ˿ʧҲ˲ͷĬƬִ̧̣ӻȡһŵϣƵǰ
һñһΣڵƹŽɫ⡣
ϿӺ󣬲û¶飬ҲûгѯʣָֻĦ
Ͻ㣬һУΪʲôʵ
ΪʲôΪʲôظκϸһеЦˮʹۿӿ
סˮָļ֮Ƭ̧̺ͷΪҺ㣬㸸ףҲĸס
죬ɤȴɺԵûܷ
ضϵ𣬵ǰһϣﻹ˵ȥ㣬ڶͱн鷿ҽչ㡣ʱʮ꣬Ӵ˾ͱؽ˻ʹĹǽ㸸׵һ
ƾʲôҵԼΪ㣬ΪΪ˱סҼҵȨƲƸƾʲôϵ촽ţҲԼ룬ϲˣе룬˻ʹһ
ѣ۵ǲεķߺޣһһصҵĺõܵܣ֪Ȼʱչ㣬ɺܶʱ㷹ʳͶҹһѻƫţһ˰ˡǺңһһӣ
ĻǺģ³ÿһ֣ؿڣٺݺݰγʺѪ⡣
¶ʹ࣬۵׷˿ʵҶ֪õλҪҪȥҪ㵱ʱΪʲôߣΪʲô뿪
Ϊʲô뿪סƬ̺ϸһŹֵ飬ҲİɡЩ¾ôûˣġ
ԣɱңȻȡ֮𣿡ʡ
ϳĬƬ̺³֣ǵġ
ǾɱңҲֲλõģӦú
ȻһЦԵĻ˭֪أ
ô𣿡
ϱ䵲סһֱڲָģ۾˿ɳɤǵġ
һ绮ҹգ׹Ǿͷը죬ûٽʣЩѾʣֻĬĬվŵȥ
ĽŲȴͦñֱɽĲɣʲôѩ޷ݵ
ѣƽȥӪתתҲעŵЩĶˣഩ£ϵľ˷ϽպԿˣϣǾǿྡûпࡣ
ϴ˶ʱĳƺûлͷֻŲ΢΢¡
ָſʱͻȻһ㷭ľ죬Ų豭ص
Ȼͷϵ˵ϣԵĲ豭ǻµµת
ȥ£ϱڻһǲҰֽҲʳѪ
Ҫˣȴʱ򿪿ֹˣˣ֮ǰͷҩ
󣬴һ̽ɫҲˣʣڤɢ
ԣҩɾȵڤɢԡԱˡ
һѪӿϵǣѲȥȴ̧һץס
ѣѣԭ½㣬ԭ¡㡭Ŀ⼱еڳѲﺬص
Ѻͷɳƣôôɵôôɵһߵģôôɵ
֪֪Ѵϴ³Ѫȥѵӡ
ס֣Լϣһۿ
ʵ㣬ѣ㲻㣬㣬ԭҡ
ŵ֪Ҷ֪Ͻ㣬ҲЩɵģҲš
Բ㣬һˣԺԺչԼЩһҪˣСġףǺӺܺã㡣
֪ҶסҧأΪƣ
ϼѵŤתͷ泯յĵţܿ˭þöǴĿ𽥻ɢ૳űʹϸں߳һ׸ҥ
滨ϡ滨ջ֦
ϵԽԽСѪ۵ȴ¶һ΢Цڶˣ۵׵ĹâҲʧϢڳѻУֻԵһƷ˿Ŵķ΢΢Ʈ
Ŵķ鰸ǰһص˼뻭һֻС͸ѡ
ղ˺ĵĻڣԼȥȥͻء׼ƽҲûж룬ӦʼֽС
ڴʱͻȻײһ紵룬㽫ϵϨ׿ſڣվſڡ
硣
±ϲغȴֳѲ̫ԾĺڷʪشڼձߣϹˮ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
׸ϽȥȥճֱִۣһƬʪ䣬ȻҲȫˮ
磬ôˣȥ𣿡
ĿֱֱؿǰһմѪӣ׵ţ岻ͣŲģڳĹеĶһ˵£ʱͺһ㣬żʹ
ײֳ֪ʲô£һ˫żظգȴǰʪı飬ִûа¶ȡ
磬硣żȴ޴룬ֻһ黽ųѣ˫۽§סļ磬ȥԼǶůһ㡣
ɹʱҲ׷˽Ÿȥڳϣ˭֪ûѳѪ߾Ͷ˹ң壬ƺٿһҪ˺Ƭ
ɹ֪Ѵʱ־Щ壬ٿֻܶǿҵѹ幫ӣ»ʪūˡ
׵ͷϽ˳˷š
磬ȥϣ̫䡣
׽Сĵߴûܣǣŵ˴ߣϵʪŵӣڴ¡
׳ӣڳϣȻŶݸսҲѵЬϴαס
𣿲ˣϾͲˣԹԵģˣƯأܿůˡ
׵ůѽ˫ֻסϸխϤζ˺۵ޣѩڻصĵĳѨɽѹֵͳĿ
۵Ҫһļ米һߺţҲµ
أҾѹ㣬ԹԱĸα
ǴŰĵħֹͣ˷ƽ
Ȼ§סϰҡΣĸļ米Ƭ̺оһжȥȻüȴ˳˯
ӼңԶ֦۶ϵ׾ô§ųѣ°͵ͷϵ
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68¡ɥ
Ҳ֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵ, ڶʱѾûˡ
Ԫһɾ·æʣԪ, Ҹأ
ԪЩȻ̫ҹ, Ҫȥٰɥ¡
̫ˣĸ̫״ʡ
ԪһϮ̫ҹͻ֢ްˣڰٹٶ˹, 콫ãȻҲҪȥ顣
ͻȻܵϢڴû, زǰû԰̫, ôÿ, Ƶͬ, , ΢Цʱ, ۽ϸϸЦơ
Ԫչ, , ͼžžવµ
Ԫ̾˿, ̫ȥˣӱ, Ը塣
ʱ, Ϊʲôôѹ, Ӳ۾, ˵Ԫ, ھȥҸ, һҲܲܣҪȥ
Ԫ˵ºæȽ̫ɥ°꣬ȥ١
ҾԶԶĿţȥ׳ҭ
ĺѾȡĴ˰׻׸տ빬ţͿúõһľףǰһߴϤӰŰɫ£ǳѡ
ٹڲ飬ǰڶǰУƶľǰʱϣؿͷ̫˱
¯㣬ûԶڲԶ£ǵؿųѡ
һȥһֱվڹľǰһԣ촽ҲƤйŮһǰȴòκλӦֻܾ̹һԣȵȥ
ȥȰҲû˿ãֻ¡
ǰɣǵڶѾ֮⣬µˡ
Լ˼˺ܶ࣬ʲôҲû룬տããֱǰֻ룬ʢ̰ɫˮһЩŴӡ
磬һɡС
Ŷ˿ӦЩٻشֻ״롣
Ҩһֻӣߴ˴ٵݵߡ
һֱС۵ĴǶͣ˽̸ҲϢֻؿš
磬ԸӰɡ׼ࣣ
ڻſڣסӣϸϸĽȥ
û£ġڿ˵˽ĵһ仰ɳƵһɳӡ
ûιҲûֽ룬ôͷ֣ͬˮ˸ɾ
ɹ״æԸԵ̣һȥڳ
磬վһˣŰɣҲ̫㡣ֵ
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׻صǿº󣬳ɹӭԱ߻
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׸ڳߣǸǰʱƼͳeҲ档ĺͳeкeһֱͷûƼֻա
Ǭ¹·ϣһǰ棬С׷ǰԼġֻ΢΢һ㷴ס֣Ҳ˽Ų
ɹͺԶԶ׺ں󷽣ʵľ룬ֻ̤ҶϣҶɳɳ
ָӣִյС磬Һϲ㣬ǳǳϲ㡣
仰úͻأȫûԵɡѲɲͷֻ¹£˫γ۾ʵ⣬Ǻε⡣
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ԶĳɹͺģĬĬվסת泯󷽡
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Сѩ﷭˶ãѾվڴǰ˶ãֱСҡҡλεߣֻصȥ
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ͣ¾׽ϵǳ񡣳ѵͷʵʲô
׵ꡣ
һ̸ֱ֪ͬѩ˵£ֻĬû
Թ˵ҼһϣͻȻͺˣҲڴϣһƯƯѣĨ˿֬죬ɺÿˡ
˵ҪԶţ˶ãͻҽҲҪȵҡѾôˣ黹ûǲҪ𣿡׵Щˡ
ѾţƬ̺ŵﲻǲҪ㣬Ҳǲ㣬ֻǰһЩԭˡ
ת׵壬°ͣԼš
ÿ˳ɳ󣬶Ҫ뿪ʱˣʣµ޼䣬ѪڣԶᶪ¶Է
׿ų˫˫§ס磬ԶᶪҶ԰ɣ
Զᡣ
Ҳᶪ㡣϶ص
Цתͷ˿ιװۣؿƬ̺뵽ʲô΢΢ۣͣȥƳѣȥһֹģ
ôˣʡ
ֻҧŴ˵
ҸղŲ޼䣬ѪڣʲôҪ߶ԷԣʲôҪ˵ģš
ô˵ϸ飬Ƭ̺Ťָʵһܣûи㣬Ҿñܡ
ҾСףһֻ
ѵͷò񻰣ʲôܶԸҵġ
׵ԽԽСҲ㣬ҪɣҪŵǰһϣ˵˺ö໰׼ϲˣ׼Ҹֻ߱Һϲ㣬ǳǳϲѾٸǱĻǾͷ˸Ĵ
룺㲻ǿԼ˵ͱ˵˵ʱٸҡ
ͷҲͺʼиûи㡣
¡˵Ҳƽϡ
һĳȣЩҲЩж΢΢ᡣ
ôôã
ųſʱӿһ˵ĺ飬ȥƯãҪϵǣҲ뷨ȥժ



71¡ߣͺ˼
ڶ, Ѵȥ˺ɽ
Ȼɽûʲô羰Ҳһı, ѩеһöҰ, ̾ѣýζ
մźǳɫƤۣͬɫ磬ϹһȦ׺ë, ĵӰ𪾫¡
ѸշȥͷļƬѩڻ¡
ѭȥֻһԱɽ, 󻹸źġ
ʯǻѩ, ǹԱǱ, ˳ǰ, ¹, ȴһ, óɹһԷס
ǱȥĻ
, ʲô˵ɡ֪Ҫ, Ҳϻ
һϣմӹи, ܻףֱӵ߾, ͻȻ, ǰ, Ѿʧء
鶸Ȼ, ʣ, ҲŹһ, ǼΧĿأʮôһϾʧأ
Ắ˶ҹͻϮܷɳȥԮ˶ɱˣضûյţȵ֪ҲѾˡ
أ󽫾ʴѵ𣿡
ԥŵ佫ڱΧʱѾˣ²֪١
ѱۣ˶ҲֻԵǵؿ
Ƭ̺ۣĿֻѾƽڴʲô򣿡
פպṥȥһǡ
߾ǻԭһƣǳ᧿ΣһĿ꣬ضǽȡѿԶѩɽع
йԺһƬæµ̹ŮæµʰȳѴɽ˼̳ع
ѴһɽһҲ֪˴£ܶɫûҪԼͬУֻͳԹŶǰС
صȥ޵žȥǬ´ٹվڵֺǰ͵͵Ȼһվš
շǳ࣬ɫڵףλԱʼδһԡֻ˭ʾǰȥ߾ʱͻȻ޻Դȥ߾
ڶʱѻȸţƬ̺һϳŲΡΡ²ɰ߾ǿຮҴ㳲ȥ̫Σա
򲻿ɰ
˼
Ǵ˷ѹѹһ
׻ûƣվڽ䣬Щ֪룬˶ţЩỤ̊Ҳȥ
ڻڣޱϣὫ춼ȥ˱߾ھе󽫾ѾѮط궬ܳǶսʱ󽫾ˮ죬һʪϲȥ
ϽУعڵأ£ϳȥϳ
⽫ԣѾѴ
ߴӹĳϻӹͣڽǸһ°۵Ӱʱɲǵ͡
̧ͷӭڳۣЩ޴ض˶
֪߾ǼɽʿҲͬĶпɣкβܣ۾һֱף߾ΣΪһ֮ʾӭսԴʹλģޱ֤Բ¡ʱ䣬ɳeүһӦˡ
ĻÿһֶڴڻصгӶûٸҳ
eŵذȻԼ֣ЩãȻ߹ŵСѣүʱ
ŶeԵɵɵطأּ
ɢ󣬳ѴҴæ׷ȥոտԷţͱһɴһϤĿš
Ҫȥһ˱߾ܿͻ͹ԹڹҺòãҡ׵塣
§ŵϢǴһȥòã
ãȥܴ㡣ڳֻ֣סգ촽յ
ȥȥ󣬡Ҳ㣬ֻҴ߾ˡˣ硣
Ѳͷ˼¶ѵ飺ʵȥĻҲǲԣϾȻẮȴˣֻܶһЩġ
ʲʲôʲô𾪵ؿЩ˵
ܻ֪߾ܹŹ֣˵ֻе䣬Ǳģûһֻܻ¡ѵصȫǶġ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ׵ɴ۾
ͷ˵Ź֣ȥĻҲ޷ϾΪ˵Ļܵ˵ģֻЩ޾Ͳˣ״ܲңëͺáұҸղڴ˵أʵȥ䣬ʮͻعˡ
ÿ˵һ䣬ɫͰһ֣رǾ״ܲңëͺ
ſСкҪѸ£ѱǽչ˫䴩ףȥ׼һ°ɣ㡣
ֻ̧С鲽Ƭ̺ԭĥ䣬ʣôûȥ׼
ˣ磬£һڹɡС
ȷǳųѣҲ᲻˷ֿʮ죬ȥ˾ͻᱻǷֵġ
ڳѲû׷ˬػصУڹеҡ
صϣ̵Ƥѥϣϴ멣ͷҪϵͷۣȴֹվԱ߿⿴׵
ȥߵǰ֣ŵͷ¹Ƥϣ˵ҿϡ
ϵŴۣѾʹһ죬ϵã׵ȴûз£ظųӣۿʣЩĴЩҲᱻ𣿡
ᡣ
ӣޱҲ𣿡
С
۾ſǻܱ߾棬㶼Ҫǵһڵ㣬Ҫ
Ѻͷ˶һֻ°ͣĿרעضҼǵãһЩ
ټԴͼŴ󳼣һŽ̸ʾ˳ǡ
Ԫͬ£һֱ׷˳ſڡ
˱ͦϣɫڶ·ɫĹ⣬ͬһ㡣֮ʣͻȻͷź󷽵Ⱥ΢΢´ǣӢӲ˲
֪һԼȺڶԼЦ
űתһͷͷҲصس˳ǣԶı
ײʪۣģؿųѷ򣬲̧ᣬ뿴øЩ
ֱҲǸӰԪŵӣѾƲˣǻȥɡ
ԱһʼոС£Ԫųҭ˽Σ̧˻ʹ
ºܿͻˣ޸ʲôأԪȰ
ѾûˣֻͷЩ죬ſڽδϣĸǽʣԪ̣֪ô𣿡
Ԫ£ȴҲصӦÿԹЩʲôİɡ
ݰޱᱻǹŵݻЩ𣿡ʡ
ԪӦӦñޱðɣʤɡ
ǻᱻ𣿡
ԪЦЩʲôأ湬ֻСױģȫá˵ֻ񱪣ţ֪ô˵ֻ˵Ҳ֪ûдڹ
̧ͷŻҰգֽһƬѩ૵ŸߣҾͿʼˡ
ӳʾ뾩ᵽ˶ζʱ̶ͳһ𣬺ֱô죬ֻÿһ춼ô۵ڣʱƺƽʱ˺ü
ÿնվһ¥ԶǹߵĵطһֱšܻһƥͻȻ֣Ǹ˼ĺˡ
ԪţҲȰסֻÿｫʵʵƵ¥ϣԻһ̿
ҲẦһǻ˼޴ߣסÿһź̫߶߶
ĺ磬һĸζ
߾ô䣬֪ҵƯûС

С̫Ǻʱȵ黰ŲԣҲҪǻӦֻԼ˼ߣƺžͺá
˵Щ˼ЦЦʱûǴС̫࣬˵幫Ǻ˼ܷţͶõرϼʫ
ȵ£ҲŴҰèԾϻȥ棬Ҳûʲôĳֻֽ߿
ǲں˼ҡ
ֻ˼̫ˡ
Ұè󣬿տ޵ȣǲʼٳ衣
һ¶ˮһݣԩҿأ˼èèأ˼òƯء
Żʵȥ˱Ǭ¹Ԫߵڣͣ½ŲԱС̫ࣺǵڼθˣ
С̫ȡ¶ţ幫ӽѾˡ
ġԪҲ֪̾ϢС̫໹̾Ϣףҡҡͷת뿪ͣͷС̫ǿͰ͵ģ㲦䣬ȥд˼֣幫ӿضܳġҲ͹ȥһ磬ٸٳ衣
С̫۾һмл㡣
òװȥҹ׾ͱŰڱ﷭ſͷųµζ߸ɴͽͷ˯ڶź𴲵Ԫһÿͷȥ̽Ϣֱǹɵ˿
𴲺ȥԪѵ
⼸Ԫÿ춼һЩӱ߾Ϣ
ڱ߾һƽθҲãÿٷ
ڱ߾һɽͷݣЩ߾ʿ°ͶҪˣֱ˵ʱ񡣡
ԪСڹȻû߾Էɢ˼άҲûʶһһ˶°Ȼ
ʵʱԪڱ߾ֻϻŻƤ࣬أýʿǿ˳ԣֱζ
׶ʱһ㶣߾лϻ˵ıҪ
Ԫ֪߾ûлϻֻԼ໵ˣ֧ҾͲˣҲȫɣϾ԰󵾲ݡ
˼



72¡ɵ
ѴͷѾ˱, Ȼѱ£֮סȳǡ
£ʿǿס˴˵ν, ȳǺձס, ֻʱһΧųǵĴӰסɱȥڴפ, ¶
ɿһжʤȯգȴٳδȥķҲʯ, ûյκλѶ
Դ, ;쵽鲻Ծ, ¸߸ʱĳeeȥ˽, ĺνҾ춼ӽ˹
ǽﰲȫ, ʵǿѺ, ν, ôһСϰٺ˱ҪЮĳ롣
eеش, пָֻþȻֻĳ³ûм뿪, Ѱ˸ᣬڶ԰żԪ
ˡԪ˸
ͷһ÷, Ц˵԰Ķ, ÷࿪, ٻں֪ʱ˺õ÷԰, Ԫ, ȥ𣿡
ȥԪ
Ŷ, лһҪȥ˺ݣ÷ļԳ㣬ۣӱߵ껼¥ó㣬ζ̾˲ٷӣŽ֮ѧ֣㲻ںݣҲܳ¥ζлᣬٶҪ³
ԪƽλˣҲֻǿͿкû̸Щ㲻ΪͻȻ̸˴󷢣Լ˵ʲô÷㡣
ԪֻֽźףǰȴǸѵ۵ģǰ¿˲٣ҲһǳǸڳ֮¡
̸ŨͷȻһתԼС̵ߣӼָͬķӡ
ǡ
Сǲתˡ
ƼΧûˣ飬ǰһϽ뿪ʹҹƳeˡ
Ԫٿ̧ͷԼֵ־⼸ҿĶİס
Ԫɴ۾ɫ˲ˢס
Զ˿ǡһ֦÷У̬ɢ˵ȴǾ֮ʣϳʱûм࣬˵ˣȥฮ̽ŶȥЩҶҲԭȵˡ
Ÿɲһر㱻ɱҲסֻ׼׼ҵŻ˳ǣ˵ѾᣬǣӦձᵽ
ͳeһģ
ȻԪΣĻ˲ʹĻ롣
һģѾԤıãһɱ߾ͻȻҲǴͨõģΪ߱¡ڹо䣬Ϣȴ˱ԱǶˡڻж빬һ취Ÿ߾
Ԫд󺧣ȴҲûʣҲû¶ʲôֻԼģ̸Ц˼󣬸Էͷ뿪
Ĵҵݣûмһлȥҡ
Կŵĸ¥۾¥ȥ԰ӹ䣬ƼĴվŴʿͲȥˡ
԰ôôЩˣһǰһƵƵͷмʿȻһֱԶ
ͣͣߵǬ¹ԡ
ֺĺţƽӣ̲ס˳̨ȥ
վס㲻ܽȥǼʿ׵ؽס
ǰͽ䲻סЩŵصѽѽ
ЩһֱŵʿûԱźҲɿڣʲôײף˭صأͽģ뿪˵أݹ񡣡
ǺŶЩˣǰ綼׼ҽȥġ
һʿҪ˵ڴһʵ
Ϥʱ־ϲķ϶ƣҲʣˡ
ʿÿ·׸ϽߣտţͿeڵǼܿϡ
ۣ벻ȻЦ
eɢбαһֳͷһתһذףֻžôǰϡ
׻ܣ˳eһ˶ûУЩʣһЩͷأ
һ˺ãһ徻ͷǶˡeĻشȴ̧ͷס
ױЦţӴߺ΢΢һЦҲ֡
ȻӲ飬˵̬ȺУֻóeǱ˸ƵģĿⲻôУ͸Щǧı䡣
һ㲻ˣ˵лڨЦ
e֣
ԥһ˲ǰǼɵķףվԡ
eԼԣ
µκܿ󣬵ȷˣ׿ȥЩСĵڿλϡ
羭棬ӲЩӲûһֱӺϣ˵Сࡣ
eذףصǰɣҲ̫ˣһ㶼ɵӶ׵ĵ˶ƣΪһӣ˲˹Ϳ̿Ѫɺӡ
תͷףƮƮЦһ£ȻƵҲҡ
Цݲδ۵ף忡˼ᣬ׾ЩİοﻹᵽɵӣɵӶ֣
˵˵Ҫ˵ɵӣ
ƽɵ˵ɵҲͰˣǽeѵġֱ˵˵ɵӣʵЩѹ
ˡװ뿪
eƳһۣһûߣ㲻ߣȻԣ
𺣬Ŀ͸ɭɱ⣬תѩذףƺֻҪһǰذ׾ͻԥش̴š
ױĶȻðվԭزٶҲ˶졣
eƬ̣ͻȻЦôˣˣʲô£˵
ָֻǰģȥ޺ղŵ·ֻһȴûиЦܿ߿һԡ
eվŲϵЦݽ
ȻŶ죬ŲȴŲ˰벽
ֻһϾ˵Ѿˡe𽥵䣬ϵذףҹǿ´һĵѣҲ󣬾ʯͷϴ멣˵ˣȥˡ
Ⱥʧ䣬Щ׾ʹ࣬׸ܵһͻȻЩͬ飬ҲͲôܣվԭû
˶ƲңΪǸֻ֪׷ķeͻȻ棬̧ͷף˫۾˺˿ҧгݵص֪ҲֵҸ죬Ҳҵʬڻһ㡣
ᵽߣ̲ס죬仯e׽ϵʧͱߣ¶΢Ц˵ܼ꣬ߵĻҲߵġ
Щɫ͸ƵģʶͷָϽҡͷ
óe֪߱ɹ޵¡
eķӦ⣬ذذסذ׺ǻ󣬵Ƕ˼˶ıʯڿתʱĿĹ⡣
׵ͣذϣͻȻϵͼú졣ȥһӲӵΡ
ļԲ˵ܺãرģ˵ĶԻͼסͼһ۱ϳͼǺŴӳ߹ľȡһ
eĿ⣬߸ڵϣ׻˻Σʶ
ʵصʶͼ
e΢΢ͷ˼£ڳ߹ľеϼģ
š׼Ȼⶼ֪ˡ
ֻ֪ڣַΪɣһΪ̥ؽ磬һΪս磬ǲ֪⻹һڣΪ涥ڡͼı涥ڡ涥ڱһʦһͽĴзʽѾǵߴˡ
e˵ͻȻ飬Ҿ涥ڵĵߴӡ
ױЩͿƳe˵󣬱㶢Ŀ˷ܵΣƺڵ佱ŵ˲Ŷ
eȻʧЦ˲ֻҺ˲𣿡˵䣬ͻȻЦЦúãЦԼȣƵƵҡͷ˰ˣֻǸɵӶѡ
һ飬ʱַŭˡ
ҲɵӣǸɵӡضԳe
eЦȻֹڶʱָ˰Ŀɭضף忡Ťȫ͸ɱ
ߣҲûпʼôˣô˾ͺһܣҲ׺ݵص㱾ǸɵӰһǾҪˣһЦңɵʲô
e⻰󣬾Ȼסκʧǵ૵ǰҲǸɵӣҲǸɵӡ
ɣɵˡ׷߷ߵҲ棬ҪȥˣЩ˵
eĻţԳԼ˼ģ˶ţᲽ˴
߳̾˿
ˣǸԪ˵һ̫ҽһơȻ˵ĻȥһɵӼƽϡ
״Ҵһ޵δţͱԪ˽ȥҿš
ڳԪվС̫࣬һ׼ϳʱһŸݲˣ˫ϲ
˫ϲƼҲһĨڣĿƮƿߡ
ӣ뿪ʹߡԪúܽӹȡСŵϣȥ⽵꣬Ȼ˽ȥȫĵط
׿СãȻʣԪ̣ΪʲôҪߣ
ղѾץˣ֣ͳλʷҲͷԱڸУľϾҪǣ̫ΣգϽߡ
Ԫһ˵һѰҪϵƷΪ̫ţһֱŶ
ʲôѽΪʲôǱץǱͷԪҲŽ
ԪҲ£ԼeңҪȡĻλץסˣǻİȫȥҪЮ£Ը¡
ҪҸλɵˣɵˣʹļ׵ʣɵѵûҩ𣿡
˫ϲ̲ס̧ͷһۡ

*
лҪ˵
ǺͲµһԸСҪĵȥˡ



73¡ĺǣҲҪ
eҩûԪʼ׵·, Ǭ¹ΧѾͰ跻̣˫ϲӲųȥ·һҪС, ǧ򲻿ϳ㡣
ϵ۱ǵ, һ˵ۣͷϵʯҲժһɽñ̫ƽĴš
ҽ, عٴԪСŽһʳУţһЩӣ˽Ӧ, Ҳò, ԷһǴϵ, պˡ
ʳ, Щ޴վ, Ԫ˫ϲȥ, ߡ
˫ϲӦ, һԵĲ, ʾ׸ϡ
һз̫Ѹ٣׻ûô, Եɵɵظ˫ϲߵſڲŷӦŤͷԪԪ, 㲻һ𣿡
Ԫʱ, кܶҪ
۾ǵǣԪ, Σ㡣
ԪۿЩ, ȴЦΣ, eҪҵĵط, ôΪҵģȽ´ãȻȥѰ㡣
վûǰսС˵ģԪֲɵӣԪ̴š
׸˫ϲţߵͨͷŵڣ˫ϲв̣ǸղͲˮģλͷʳġ
ΪղѾѹһΣû⣬Įصߣ״ͷʳ߳Ǭ¹
˴Ҵ԰ӵϣ˫ϲûˣѹС跻Ա߳ȥ
ǽе
׻ھȣ˫ϲֵǰūŲ£һԹۣһ⣬ȻƲķˡūˡūçײ
ʹ䡣
ʶ˫ϲȴǵҪԼԭµ£ȻҲ̬֮û£ҡˡˡ
ūл
ױ⼸еû飬ĻŭţһѧŹЩ˵Ŀ˫ϲܺãȻԪ̿иҳ϶ܺáһعһ㡣
˫ϲϲʤȴȴūŻ֣̿ūžΪ˷ǵģһ֮£Ҫʲôʹ͡
ȴͷðɣȻ㲻ҪҲǿǾˡ
˫ϲҭһ£Ĭ߳ڻǵūŵȷָ͡
ֵʣףҪˣ
˫ϲӲͷƤӦǡ
˵ɣҪڻֻǺÿѣ
ūŲЩ
÷⣬Ӹ⻹֣
Ҳǡ
˫ϲսЩūŵıĿ꣬ܽǬ¹ݲ衣Ҳ춼ūݣֻҪΪ࣬ȱ˶ʱūϾС
˫ϲ˵Ŀ꼸ʱ΢΢Ʈ˫ȭ۾ҲðᶨĹâ
׶ʱȻ𾴣Уǵȱ»عҸ˵¡
ūл
ûû£С˼
߹հ˹գܹЩɢܵСص跻˫ϲƿһȲţͷҿûмˣԺ֣Ҳ˳ȥ
⴦ǽԳ˿ϻ˳ǽǽǱ߿Ҳ˿ٱŻȥ˫ϲָ跻Ժһǵǿøߴ˵
̧ͷǸ߸ߵĹǽЩɵʣһǽǱ߿ûгأ
˫ϲȭִеġ
Ŷײ̫š
˫ϲֻõūž͵͵׶ֲ㻭ʲôġ
ߵǿ£ƤӾҪ˫ϲԱʣ±ڽȳǣڿȥ𣿡
ͣĶתͷ˵ʲôסˣ
˫ϲȻ֪ӦðȻǳϢͲȥ߾Ϣȴܵݽղȥ޵ʱڸԪ˵±ڳãٹϼգҪˡ
շֵľǣһˣֻ岽һڣʮһڵѲʿǶڼУȻʲôɱŵգҲ֪д·
⣬ڿյľҲЩѩǵĽϡѩ׵ƶͻѩΪһ壬ܲײ
ϸĻᷢһֻѩ׵СڷϼٱţϻŸС
׺ܿ͵ſڣŽգɭϣûа취ȥݷڿŵһľ峵󣬾ȴšʿţϵһСű򿪺ʸһ˳ȥ
ŵʿֻǰʲô̧ۿȥֻһֻ˶İèɱѩת۾ͻһС㣬ʧڷѩС
ѭ˫ϲָĴ·һ·űܡҷ紵ЩۣŬϷСצѩһǳǳ÷ӡ˲ֱµѩƬƽ
ûһ󣬱ǰ¡¡һ˫ϲĶϲûû۵ף㱻ְȥ
˫ϲƷıѵ˳ǱʮڳȥĻײϣԼӣҪ
׸ϽԱӱܣһ·ѩĽողһô󣬳ĺƵӣʼܵ·ͨ
ȵ˶ͨУҲһ˿ײŴӴ˳ϵĻѩ˦˦䣬˳ų
֪߾жԶҲԼҪܶòֻܵǵ˫ϲ˵Щ±ڽȳٹϼգҪˡ
ҾԣԲٷǰִģֻҪΣգҲҪȥ
׾СգůƲ̽ͷյС˲㱡ǵ⡣
ıЩϣֻצѾÿоȴûϢƬ̡
һƬӺ󣬿ǰмͬһǰ
ȻһֱܵҲ֪ãοüݶûбϡ
ڲظƬ̺׷һϳԯԴ϶￴
ȻȴҲʣбһ뾡׵ĸͷ۾˯
̽ͷ۲һһ
ҿԽ
ͷۣͳ·С˼˲ֱۡ
׾˼˽ȥ˼λЩнڳһǣûһ˿ڸУֻµµת۾ܡ
ڷһ̿յú׼ͷɱֻۣǰצ̿濾
ղѩϱܣצӽѩʪ䣬˻ëѩɣ̿ǰתȦȫ
תͷʱѾˣ˫ϻǵ۾Լ
һغţѰ˼ҪǸԼ³ĻҲֻȥܣȴͷȻֱ۾˯
˿ߵһſ£ʼųѵ¡
Ҳ֪ôˣڻгԵ𡭡
ں˼룬ǰͻȻһƷһһĹҵ಼档ȥͷͷ˸ţ֪ӸԼģצӽ沦Щſȥ
ʼ̫ãֵģڳůʣлƺ˯ˣƺֻǻһЩ¡

ﱼкǸżƣǱʲô˺ġ
磬ܣܺû׷ҪҪЪЪ
ڲЪԣζ׷٣ǵܵǰСӣݽȥŲˡ
׵ױϾȶ̣ЩϣһЩĳѱק첲ϰ뱧ǰܡ
ҧҧղź͸һӣȻһֻܡԻ˵ɽܵ飬ȴûľ衣Ͼֻںɽӻӣôһֻݹ᾵ҰʶͲִܳޡ
ͳѾôˡ
Ǵɽ¹˲һͷһĻûǰܡܲ¶£Ա׷Сѵʱ䣬һܵɽߡ
ټһǰǺӡ
һףһ׼Ŀˮ䣬Ҳ͸
ʱģĸӳ˳˵ȴ͸ɬ
ܵ÷ٶˣͷڼձߣһ˫۾ȫǾ֣ȴҲûп޽УֻŴŲͣܡ
׷ѾŤͷûпܵټܱߵ磬񣬺û׷
Сϰ䣬ͨҪԶ֦۶ϵдͶﱼʱ淢졣
ԽԽٶȣڱ׷֮ǰǸϲӵġ
ûиףԱɽдһ˴Сɽ㽫Ǵϣȵ治Ҫ
Ǹأ׾ŵʡ
գĪ£ڶڡ
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Уܻῴģý׻뽫ϣȴ֣泯ܱķ˫սԼĺ󱳽ڶס
ܵıӷǳ飬˶˶ҲᱻҵȻֻ֮ܲӲƴ
ǰƴҡΣܾҪˡ
ѵúܿ죬ɫһƬҰףϾֻǸʮˣ־֮£嶼ڲܿƵطˣҲᶨñŶڣտѪ˫ĺܣһҲûŲ
ƺҪǲźͲ׳ĸ첲ֻӴĺܵڶ⣬סǷˡ
ڶ￴Σֻŵʣ磬𣿡
ѿֻĺܣˮ˳Ŷͷ£ȴɳƵǿ򶨵ûУ¡
һֱԺｻս
ñΣټ̸ķ򲻹ܣҲȷƽ롣ƽǧЩǧ˷ǱĻѾֲġ
˵⻰ʱģҲǵãƽǰ࣬ãȻ͸۾ˮ⡣
ףЩҪʱ̼ţرǲϲ˷ǱжٶĻЩɿһͨ˲ͬһӵòӰ
³ѷԼǱ˵ӵòӰ
ϲӺӱ߼ĸ磬ֻܣ¸緢Ǳ󣬱Ϣ뿪
ԾɱܴŸҲһֱûб䣬ֻŸһǱӡ
żֽ룬ܲҪǹȥģֻҪҲ˾ͻ뿪ϾɽǼĻȫ
ҪǺҪ׷ĻΪ˸İȫ㱩¶ҲҪɱˡ
ʵǿӵģֻҪ˳ɽϣϰµһŵ㣬ںܹеʱߣ벽δŲֻ泯ܣסĶڡ
Ѿ˳ѣеһֻ͸ɱ׹⡣ͣºУѣƺǰľ֡
ⲻһֻͨĺܣϹһֻ۾ͿԿײкսԲֻΪ˹
׻ֻ֪ߴٳѿûΪȫ񶼷ڶֻϡ
źӴͫѸٷŴԿŴżŻȳ
˲䣬˲ȥԼǺ³᲻ᱻǷצͼ˺Ƭ˷侲
֪㲻ֻܳúܶʱ񵶣ƺܵĶӡֻϣڻǺԼվŵĻͬ׿ߡ
Ӵŷ£צ̽Ѽͷƺһҧأ˼ͷľʹ˫ս񵶣ͱţþȫʡ
ܳʹһҺצҲ»ؿڶʱּצۣѪӿ
Լˣս£﷢ŭֱ
ŵʣܵĲҺԽԽͬʱǶؿڵצҲ뽫ͳ
ʹУ߿ʼģҲڿٴŵûţֻһͷɱϧһɱлȥ˺ס
ױɱӶڼʱǰһҵľ
ֻӴгѼĺܣצץڸؿڣؿڴӿѪ
пãһƬƺ綼ɫŴӿѪȾһƬ졣
ѵѪʧȥ־ںһʱֻܼĿĺɫһЩƬΡ
ЩƬС˻Ծҧסֻץŵצƴ˺ҧﳢһƬ̣֪ܵѪǳѵѪ
СݻЩۣȴǶͷҧ飬˺ѣƤǵ
ҧֻצͷƱһֻҰޣŭ˺ҧ´ƤѪ⡣
Ҳ̫ʹ࣬ҲǲԸ䣬Ѿ¶ǣʹͻںޣȴӡĹ
ԼûмʱɱڸΣʱûбɱ
ԺҾԲٷִҷģֻҪΣգĺǣҲҪȥ


74¡ȥ߾
ߵһ, ٿԾ˫쳣׺ݣ¶
ǰȴûֻ, ҲûصĳѺʹƬѪ, оҡΣãȻشܣһʱ벻ԼĶ
ܣܡ
˳һͷ, Ÿ󻨰ƵɫۣڷӦԭȥ߾ϡ
ʼһֱŻ˯ͷ, Ѿ, , Ÿɿݲ, ǰһͷ
˰ɣ, ܡͷ׿Լ, øɱ°ʾǰ, ǶҲС
ֿǰ, һͷ
ͷɢ˵㣬̲ס˿Һ, Ͼ緹ûԱ˹һֱѩϱ, ˯һ, Ȼƣ, ָͬʱҲо˼ꤡ
ֲǹ, ٶҲȥϵĹͷ԰
ͷ׶ͷ, ȴŲ, Աߵһֻ룬ΡΡǰ
һ׷ļ
԰ɣҲԣԡͷܲ۾ãҲ̫ã˵ܴ
뷹Щɵؿͷ̫ȷǲǸԼԡͷֶָָ룺԰ɣһ·ͲԶҶƫƫҪҳԡ
ͷԹ˵ָ꣬OO@@شӿͳһӣһι죬ýеļҧš
ҾϲӲ׼ҳԣҾͲųԡͷص
ʾл⣬±ϵİͷʼڴڳԷݷ㣬ܿͽԹ⣬ͷ׵ļŷɾ
ͷһֱ극ֶСϵŹǵݸҷԸרŸģҿвͷ
ֱǰצӹŹǣ䣬һŹϸϸؿС
⹷ϡ棬Ϸô꣬δйͷӿС
ײ磬Ҳû磬ĬԼֻ۶ͷﲻͣؿŹǡ
ͨԣùͷ֪̾ؽܷѩԵĹҲ֪ļ˻˼ţ㱳ϳ˸Ҵڱ߾Ľȳ٣˼ȥǶסҾ̫䣬ȥСӳܶ׼ҺȾƣ׼Կӡ
ͷһֱͣȴûĻעȳסˡ
ȳǣڽȳǣҪȥĵطҲǽȳǣǿһֱȥȡ
˵ȱصľƺܺúȣȴͷصҲºþƣҾ׼ȥͶҴӡ
ͷ˵￪ʼСϻǵۣ΢΢ҡΣһܵģ
׳Աˣȥ棬ʻúܿ죬ͬŵٶȲ£ģһǺ˼롣
֪絽ôˣôһûµġ
ͷ裬Щڸȥȡˮȣ׼ȥòµأǰԾϣ˫צˮͷǰ
ͷؿٽӹ豭µأص̿ǰſš
Ȼǳľذ壬̿𿾵ůڵģſź
ͷ˲裬˫׵Ļ۾Ź⣬ٴθ̾ҲǶûԡù
ʱ䣬ͷһֱڶ˵ż󲿷ֶ¡
Ҫ˵У˭һҵͷҸ˵ǣҲĺǿ
ײ֪ĺãŷ紵ҪΪʲôȴܲͣ˵աƽǺϲģڵȷ᲻ʲôȤһκ󣬷ܵצӡ
ڣͣӱƿһ̽ͷסһɣȵǸʲôŻԶףȵָ
ЩŵվҪǾֻȥ
ĺõĹ
ô֪οǹֻèԣǱӰ
ҸĹĺö֣š
ֺǳӣܵأҵӺ;ƣڻˣ
ǣֻӣϱŰӦļҴ˼ҳġӴҧˣ
СӵָϣǸָŻȥ󣬱Ծźޱλĺãһ
ҰҸȥŶ
Сӻ˵ʲôͻȻߣֹסڶڵ磬տյͷȴͻȻһȺˣ
С¶裬ǰϵʹҲ³Զպ
ôˣĺʡ
СӻصҪ³
䣬ĺѾÿ۾ǴҲϽ̽˸ͷ
СӻѣĺѾǸģȥĶ
ͷȺҲ˼ңǴԪǳģ׼ȥǰʯ
Ⱥ𽥽ӽ糾ɫƣи˱Ż˯ĺͯ
ҹģֶȥʯʲôĺùеʡ
ʼʵ˼ң㲻֪߾ڿս𣿡
ĺֵطʣ߾ѵвսʱ𣿡
⻰˵еǲԭ壬סǶԱ߾ͻϮһȥȴطҵפʱѾӪ֪ȥĶ
̾˿˴붬ʱ̣ʱѾ˻زԭ׼οԭͣΪˮݷĵضΣ֮侭˭֪ǾȻˣΧס˽ȣӦþԪ࣬ǲòǰǱѰ
ĺһˣô֪Ȼᱻ£رأ꽫򣬾·Ͱʲô
ˣ껹ֶܼã˵͢˴˱ȥȣǵôס˵֣ټһաҡҡͷ˼ңҿҲҪȥ߾Ͻͷɡ
䣬ĺñһǵͨ죬⶯촽˵ʲôΪżһʱʲô˵ûЩʵķգԴ͸ڳϣŭһ໡
ΪڣЩ˲ûֻҲȰ˵ֻǰһӰܿʧںҹ
ĺɫλҲԡ
ϱҲżһµģǾЪһͳС̽ͷȰ
ĺȴƳһۣЪƨϽ·ȥȡ
ǡ
ʲôܵأҳӺȾƣڻܲȥԼӣ
ǵģֻ۳Ͷ塣
ĺЦһ֪ڿס£ȻЩѩɽɽʯ·Ļѻȥ˽ȡӣѵͷǵ⣿
СεҲЩ˵ĻȥȵĻΣհĴ磬Ҵȥˡ
ϻھ͸·ĺǰĳ򣬡߰ɡ
ǳ򲻸ӦתͷȥСӣСӶ΢΢ҡͷĺøˣڳĴѰңţҵĹأҪúóһ١
ۼؿڽĹȣæȥ˹ݵĺ
ߣ
СӼϵŭֻõúúãȥھȥǵǰ˵ˣҪǳ汻ΧסĻǾͲҪóȻˡ
ĺõ㡣
ȵĺõɫźͻЩʼ׺Щ˵Ȳˣùȣ̧ͷù
׼ǵС˵ԼǱӣҪԼЩˣŽ˼ôãҲû໵طֻĬš
ڳͷ˵ںҹֵѩǰУڻѩİۡ
һֱſڳԵСϣǸӷڶƤ£ʱצӲһ档
ĺҲأϵ۾΢΢ţֻʱŻôһ¡
ĺٴʱѾһ裬ë׵ﾹȻҲܿǵı飬Ĳˮ
ι㲻ͨĹɣĺʵ
Ƴһۣͷҡͷ
ȷʵǲͨģҲǹ
£֪Ǳʱ˴ط˵˺ܶ£ۼҲ٣һֻԣͲʲô
׻ɵضԼĺʣ㣬ΧһȦ費
Ŷ
׵ɴۡ
˸ֻֻ߳ŵ١
ٿվȵŴ͡
ٺ٣ҲûĺöһЦֻ㣬裬˸絯٣ҲúܳԾһֻСԣҿҲûʲô˵ġ
Щʧ£Ȳ衣



75¡ǰȥѻ
ĺö׵Ӧ֪Ϊʲôȥ߾
׾ҪϹ, ȴ̲סĺ棬͵ۿ
ĺ°ϵĻ׺룺˵ڽȳǲԶɽ鱪һȺ鱪Ǹʲô, Ҳ, Ĵźܶ࣬ʲôͷۣ뱪뻢β֮ġȻҶԴ˶ǽŽɡ
Ƴ, Сú棬Բ۾Լּ鱪ɽ, ɺŻ뿪, ɲ߶Զ, µ, ڽӽʱ, ٴλصɽǱͲ, û˼, Խͱ˴, ҶΪ鱪һѾˡ
ĺ˵뵽ʲô, ͻȻȥŪ׵ƤëϸѰҡ
, ⶯ЩĪ, ûй˵Ͽ, ֻĺͼʱ, ŷӦ, ͵˦ͷ
ú˵, Ҫֶŵġ
û˰ĺɻ૵
ˣ׶ǰצ
㲻㣿ǰצһǰĶˡ
ĺȥĶ䣺㻹ôСֻҪû˱û£ȥ߾ʲôģ
зӦ˻һ֪ˣ˵ɽһҵۡ
Ǿ˵׾Լһľ˵
˵ǵ۵Ĵʼʿܹ鱪ĶݣԱɽ޽˵ۣԸΪ鱪ػˣһһɽֻѾ̫Զ֪ǵۻڲڡ
ĺֳ׵Ķʣ׼ȥǵѰҹ˵ģ
׾ں˵˵ɴӵֻצӲԼ֣档
ĺԭһֱڵĶӣ˵˻һҲࡣײҲλһųӰ죺ĺõܺãο϶ҲһȻᲦ
ϳͣЪűɱԭ£Ҫղܵǽ͵˱
·˱ø࣬СشżҵɫĮľһʯı߾աֻڿ⼸ʻ¶˾飬ͣ²Ӷָָ㡣
ȥĶ߾ˣʱǻȥ˴ʡ
СҲȭش𣺡ȥ̽أһ£ȳĿǰôˣ
ȳǣΧǶǴӰɳǹģȳѾΧǲ֪
СӿЦ֪ɼҸȳǵֳҲҪȥԶԶĿһҲá
ѵǾͲ磿Ͳ뿴ĺ
ų⿴ͻȻĴһͷۡ
ĺЩ֣綼Ҫģֺõúܡ
ºü˶˵濴ܿģȥȵѻѾɽȥѩˣȥ
մطľӵǶҲס͹á
ԮΣù죿첻ȥͲá
ĺ̲סӳ̽ͷ׼һԣطʿǶѩɽҲܰ߰
˼ǲ֪ѻڵĵΣҲһ죬߽ͱڣܼ˲ͨУ˵ǵҲΪٶҲǰȥοҪѻڰѩҪһţѾˡ
˭ģСʡ
ʣ϶ǴˡǿţٴѻɽطŶѣ˵ȥѻڰѩˡ˼ռʱ˾סѻڣطٶ࣬޴ʹ
±˵СӣĺõɫҲ
ײǺǵĶԻ⿴ĺõ飬Ҳ֪̫ﲻɸӵġ
ǻҪȥ𣿡Сʡ
ĺþٹִҲ֪ǰˣ۾ڳϣú̾˿ȥɣȥʱסա
áСȥԸ
ĺͻȻϥǱۿСͷţĿƺѯʡ
ȻѾ˱ȴȥˣȥӿջסϼգһʱ̴̽ϢȵǱߵ޺ã·ͨȥɡĺСͷ
СûʲôӦֻͻȻȥⱳϵİȡֻצ쳣ؽ⿪ۣ̯λϡ
װһݣֻСڴССڴ򿪣һѽӣץһС£צģȥ߰ԥ£ӰǶѽץ𼸿ţһĺá
ĺûȥӣСצǰٵ˵ݡ
Ǹҵģĺʡ
׵ͷһ
ллҳ˳Ŷǳѡ
ĺ̾˿ӹ𶹣ԲĹţʮš
㻹Ҫȥȳ𣿡ʵ
ֵ˵ͷ
ĺûǵ۾ҪȥҪˣ
ٴεͷ
ðɣˣȥȥɣǹȥѻڣ۷ҲУһֱ۷Ѱҡĺͷ𶹷ŻذֽԱСϵĽţֽϣĳѣ´ԵҺȾƾˡ
ȡݣһϸʼ
ĺÿͼ䣬ҸϸһƤΣ
ҡҡԴʾˡ
㲻ڱ߾ĻǳҪ󵾲ݣޱƤӶᱻġ
Ƭ̺󣬻ŵݣֻ¶һͷצӽӴѩأоһƬ˲ǻ̵һ˺ü硣
Ըⱻ˿ӳԱߵӣܳһκͷĺûڳ￴צӻ˻ӣٵתͷɱȥ
ĺøղŸָ·ֻҪֱֱǰߣٹϰգܵǸѻڡ
лѩСɽѩĭƮƮ¡żѩӣ˦Դѩٴǰܡ
ʵĳǽϣһɫףվڶڴ촽ѾƤһɫմۺڵѪۣȴȡ
ﴦѹѹĴӣǴȻΧȵ֮ࡣ
ڹĵһǿƽѽȳ濿ɽֻһԳĵƣǧפǾӺӲǽȳŸˡ
Ҳ൱ĴۣפǧҲʮ
˵ȴִֹˡΪǼ屾ͲŽᣬֻʱƴһȻȴ಻رֵһͷΪ˱Լʵãηηţóռ˲ٵıˡ
ټȫʿͰգѾŹǵĲ״ֻ֪ܱˮһսлᱣס
οʵһֱվڳǽϺǲսӭӴյĵһҲפĿధ󣬺ʿվһ
˳ˮӿͷݣطʿǵĵжѾУӵټһѼ
ƣ۵Ҳ̧첲ʱǽǵߴӰӶŷѩһϳǽĴͷ­ʱٴŭųȥ
ڵһ󣬳ʿַϢ㾫˵˱ضٷģĳ档
Ȼĳлɣʵ֤λĵۻƲȷ˲ٳ棬ֻפǰĵطǶסֻʱʱһСɧս
ǱΧǵĵ죬طδʸʣµѾ࣬ʿǽϳǽҲʰһԱá
ǽһǣѾ˸ɲѣżڴϴ˳棬㽫չ㵹
վڳǽϣĿ⿴Զ΢ɳƵʣ꣬ʳܳŶã
פǽӦûܳա
ѳĬƬ̺Ļ˾ͻᷢ档
⼸յĲսλʵ۵ѾĻ̬ȵڵóϷȻʵ˵Ҫ棬ҪְŲá
ոϲǺѳŹ૵
괹ͷѻʵǵΨһţٶסͨٶҲ޿κΡ
ʣǴӽȷ˹ȥأ
ǵȻԵģϼˣԽѻڵĴ˳ǽȳǱΧʿȥ˰
תͷ꣬˫Ŀǻʣˣ
ǧ
ѳҪǧʿǷ𹥻޻һٽں档
ûֻҪʱ㵵صɴۣϾսĽֻһ˼ͷӦѹʣ¿Ǵȥһѻڣ
ԣǲӲƴͻͷһ׼ᣬŽӺƿ
СҲ˲ԼԵǻʵۣ;ܾˣ£գΧȥѻڵ£һύ졣
ѷʣﻹֱҺõȷܰȫѻڣĴ˳𣿡
ʱᡣ
ǰλὫļ򣺡ȥɣʱˣҲҪʲôݣֻһشطɽʿ
õԳңޣһʱĳȣӦǣתȥá
Ҳͷȵġ
ڡһռʸĺӦ
ѡһٽ׼ҳǰȥѻڡ
ֻ΢һӦǡ
Ƭ̺󣬽յĽȳ֨¿ǧطʿĺ˳
Ϊ⣬ûǻοԭ壬ԸɢΧסȳǼպ󣬸ѲͷڸԵĻȾˤӣطǺ󣬲ŸϽ׼ӭս
¡¡ս죬ԭȳҲŵĴӿʼм俿£׼ӭսҲһֵصĻڡ
û뵽طʿǳ嵽λʱһ죬ͣתͷ߳ȥ
ߵĴͷֵתͷɿܣת˲˳ǣٴ֨ºϡ
ЩͷԣֻЩ˱ΧѾã裬Ҳ˾裬ɢȾƣŴطٴͻȻ
ڴطͻд˵עʱһСѾ飬֪Ƶǲ࣬ǵ˷صĻڷɱ
תۼ䣬ǾֻããѩԭϵһȺСڵ㣬ŷѩӹЩڵҲڵ



76¡طǴ
һ, һСɽ㿴·Ƭյϣפʿ, ŴССʱʡ
׿˼, ͼڹмģ֪ЩǴطʿ
ͣûȥɽϼǰû߶Զ, ɽ㵽˾ͷǰһ׵Ķ¡
ʮɣֻ͹⻬ɽ, ûŵĻǹȥġ
ͷϿͻȻ쳣ķ, ʲôƿմ, ̧ͷ, 㿴ܼļʸ, ĵߡ
۾ʱɴ, ԴЩʸת, Сɽ·, ײһƬǽĽ
׿Ϻ, ǽƿðʿ, ٳ±ߵһСƽ̨, ˿ʼӴû, 졣
˳ſȥ, ŷֶ֮һֵ, Щʿڽ̶׮ϡ
ɾʱ, ʸĺХǷƽ̨Сݲ̫ˣŶƵʿֻվں΢տĵطԵʿҲֻ÷ϻûϵǽܡ
ʿٶЩһ˸Ͻϻضǽ
վɽϣǸڷ΢΢ҡεٿͱڣ±ϵİʼɽ
Уξ治Ǹ취Щյļͣǵļȴ䲻ǣ˼ʮֵܲŸһҪ̶һܴŰ壬ȵŰòȥͨһ죬ʲôʱȥȰһʿĨ˰ϵѩƬɳʵ
Уξ촽ҲϣȴͬɳƵ±˽ȳǣĴȴȥѻڡҲǰգٺϼ죬һʧأǵȥѣҲҪ޺á
ǡʿӦ
ڼʿ׼ǰʱȴȵغʲôϣ쿴
˴Ӷǽķ϶ȥǸµϣŶڻƶ
һѵڶ
ǵݣͷצӣֻèһֻɫĴè
ôèʲôҰɡ
ô죬ôˣҰ϶῿㶼㲻ԣû׼ǻֻҰֻױ
ԣֻɫױϺ񻹱ʲô
ŵݱŰıӣϡˡ
ǸǰУϽ˺һ֣ÿǰһצƱ㣬ٿסеĿףǰŲ
׵ԨֻܿŨɫϾιǵӰ̹ǡ
żһιҡΣͣ£þȫԼ̶棬ңңȥǷ֦ͷϹŵһСƬҶ
ʿĿתؿţ˿̶ΪֻױŰѺֻֻҲܸͬļѣϣƽ档
УξֿȺȥֻױ˼ϴκͼȾʱһֻɫױżڹмţױͨԣȹºüΣǳ񱪡˵ϲôڣʱŰ㿴Ҳ˰û׼ǹһֻ
ǣѵ֪±ȻǧӾǸȥȵ𣿡ʿʧڳ
ʿͷ𣬶˳Ĭ
񱪣ӰѾͻȻ˻ߺ
ԣ񱪼ӰѾ
Ҳ£ߣ׸ߺ˷Ԩ졣
ǵĺ񱪣ڽӦҰɣҾèè
ѵתͷ۾紵ðţЩʿ֣¶Цͱ͵ķ磬Ͻֱˡ
Ҳǻצӣ֪צ㽫СβתȦ˦Ǵк
ʿ̧ͷ죬ͻȻǱɽĴҪżˡ
ʸۣ˵ֻ񱪡
ûʲô취Щ̫㣬˵ġ
Уξʮ뿪ڵɽڣʸ뿪ǰš
ǡ
ʿ̺󳷣뿪ǿǿڵɽ£ʸǵϮǽжͷһϣ˾Ͷ档
ҲǼʸƿյ̲ס̧ͷڿǻȳƵļڵסʱ̲סͷƤ飬ЩķԲ
Ͻǰצӷɿ䣬ץϵı㣬µ׹롣
ͻȻһ֧ĺľС̧ͷһ˫۶ŵõԲˣצһֻ
ȻͻȻ׹գצȴεģ˸泯ƹϡ֧ʹղſĵط̹׹Ԩ
һţ׵Ķʱôţͬһֻǰ
ֻǱϵİˣװŽӵϵûϵһЩӣ۽Ƴˣ۵ֻȥһš
սʤ˳嶯ջǼǰڱˣԾ˶ʯ̨
ɽڵ赲йվȺЩʿҲһ꣬ȡͷĶơ
׶ǻӶצʾȴһģ˶
Ȼò̫Զз԰㱻ߣǾټһһĶָס
ף
Ǿٴ󣬼ָ
ף
ɻǲǸкĶҲצָ١
ٴҡͷԳ׿һʲôŽ£ЩĿһãȻվš
ںԵʿ˵Ѱ˼Ӧòٽˣ׼ͷ뿪ȴʿͻȻֳŵ˼Աߵ˷ɿѵۣɸϡ
ʿĶΩΩФһ¾ͿģµǱӣټǸԾԼ۾ˡ
ٽʿȥס˩Աһ˷ס׮ϡ
תͷԣʯ̨һиǶ׮ڻȻ򣬶뽫ӹס󣬹̶׮ϡ
Ȼ˰죬ܸ𣿡װʿֱʡ
УξһܣЩ˵֪֪ʫ
ʿǵ˿ֻС˼ֳ羴
׻֪ԼѾֱظʾԼˣٽצУξϹ˹
˻Ȼˣڽӹȥ
ʿǿסʿֳֶƽΧм䣬һƽʺʿҲ飬ʿסһˣһŭ𣬽ŵŶȥ
ڿжɢͬһ߰㣬ס
۾ǰԼϿʱ͵һԾ˫צǶ뵽еĿ׶αסڵ档
ɹˣʿʼϢעСĶ
һʿ۾ףȴײײԵͬ飬Щʣ˵С֪ҽ׮ϵĴ𣿡
ͬ񣬶˲ȥı飬ֻô᣿ǿ˭أûУξ˵Ǳµʫڳ£껹Ҫμӿƾ𣿡
Ѿμƾٵףһϵ׮ԣĥŸôȥ
׮иۣ޵ǽҲôһСʱסһ˾͹ڴϡ
װۿأһ󣬽棬˫צһرպϣס
񱪣Ȼ񱪡ʿǵĻУУξ˷ܵǺܷ³仰
ܴŰ壬ô˳ͨǽһѾ˺ܶˡһɵãôܲ
Ŷ˸ˣȫƽĻһƮƮȻŤƨɡڵŸİΣֻǻ˻צӣ㿪ʼԼ
ЩɢİϵٰĵƤŲ˼ղϰѶƤĵݲˣ֪Ƥǲġתȥ
߹ʯ̨һѩס߽ͨǶ͵ɽڣȥȳǵıؾ֮·һѻڡ
ߵǱѩһֱѵͨǰʼЩѩ̫û»һƨѩ
Сѩѣ˦ɾͷϵѩĭʼߵɽڡ
ɽڴֱͬ䵶ûпĵ㣬ҷǳӲצȥҲֻ˼ǳǳĻۡ
ɽϹźܶ٣ǴʱɽǶôԴŨ̡
׶׼ԼǸ٣͵Ծץסڿҡ˼¡ٷƶϷǶϵǿס׹ɽϡ
ɽضǲܣ״ʱһֻСᣬպڿٵĿɳܷΧڡɽϿڶ࣬һȥһɽȥ
ֻҪɽͿȥȳˡ
ɽȻͣȴ̫ߣϰ벿ֵĿٸ࣬鳤ɽϣٵȥԷɿУһͿ쵽ϡ
ʱͷԻЩ֣ߴﹾﺬ˿ܲŴͷȥļʸˣǾǶ·Ĵˡ
ײҼ͹ɽϡ
ԼֻطóóȻȥᱻɷѱû뵽˵ᱻֳɴطǴ
һ£ܿɽ·ʿſ˶ƣѸŰ壬ѾһС롣
ʱͷϷ¡¡ʲôصĳƶ
¡һضɽҡͷͶһƬӰٿͷһʯջһΣֱֱ׹䣬еš
ϻʿЩŶƣЩľ壬žʯǣ໵شһ
ʿҲ˾ʯæˣôϵϾʯ׹ٶȣת˲ʯţ̺õŰ屻ҵķ׹£ͬʱм˵Ҳ׹¡
·һƬңʯ˳ɽڼԨ䣬ײɽϵĻѩƺҪݡȴйҪ׼·Щʧ˶ƣ󳷵ʿ
Сӳվɽֱ̧۱ҪżȴǰһŰ׻ĶͻȻŵ׵ɽ±߳



77¡ĵ
⧲, ӳ˰˲;Ұһڣͬʱ۽ʳ, ŲŸо׶ĵľʹ, һҺ
Ҳм˷ҽУס۾ָѪָڿһŷڵĲ, ôﾪŽкš
һץ߰˸˵۾ҳһţûٶ·, Ҳͣ, ٿشһͷԾԱѩ, ٷɿ֡
Ϊȫŵ, ϻŰ, Щ˿Ǹʲô
Щɽ񾫹ֵĹ, һʱд, Щ˵˷һȥ, м˹±ߣ˫ſ, ǰԨдʡ
׶һñѩѹĴ󣬲ʱ͵͵̽Դ
һǿ׳׺Ķ, Ǽ±ߵ߷ڵ, ٷŭؽк
ЩԺη, ¼, һЩ˾й, һЩ˼ʯһֵĳϡ
ȾʯװͶʯ, ˾֣˿ʯҪ·Ͷ
ɾʱͶʯϵַָ򷢳У˳ſȥŹģɽֶǳ˹
飬ʱټףмҲǶˣ׹£žʡ
׿ǵľٶҲ£ʶģתͷȥ
Щ˲ںģĶ־ᴫȾۼҶڶ㣬Ҳˣ˶ˣʼǱӴܣƴŭҲûá
ȺͻʱʱԾһצӣһЩ˲ҽŹڵϡʱһûͻȻĽأһŲ
ؾҪתͷҧɲӱúܽԴתȥͬʱϵİҲһֱִֻسѩϡ
ֻȥŵĵʱ˲ӱۣʼƴ
ܱȻЩĻһѻڵɽϡûȥȸ磬ܱ
׺ҲֻһֻСƴҲ⣬ܿϲŵĵͱ˸⡣
ڲݵСڿи˿ﹾ˵һ־ʲôɽһֻҰ
ڸܵһ뿪Լʱͷ˶Ȼӿ϶Ŀ־壬вȥȸķŭ;СʼҵĺУ˱Ųӵʹ࣬ƴŤڶҲղסɿʱһתͷݺҧϵ˵ֱۡ
þȫ͸ƤãǶֱۼ˲ͳѪζ
ĶǾһ˦ͷ˺ҧһ߷׺ݵĺС
ΪʲôҪҵĵݣҾ˸ٰҲá
ȻûϵԼڰСݺֻĲһ㵾ݣƤ⡣ڱҧֱ۵˲䣬ʹزҽһž˦ֱۣҪС˦
״ʱѾۣ±˦ڿ»εҲû죬ֱһ¼ƲõͻСͷ
׶ʱһգʶɿ죬ѩϡ
˦˦ͷӵֻצЩվȣ˼ģҰǶѪֱۣŭžͳǰһһ
Сߵ÷˳ȥײһϣٵµĻѩ
׶ȹһʹŬֻצЩʹǿ壬ˤѩϡ
ͷŲԶĶˣسԼͷӴĻѩҲû˶Ŀ־壬ֻʣ²ʡ
ΣգûܻǰԼú󱳶סڣԷǿ鰲ȫĿռ䡣
һţŶԽԽѩصıͻȻĻ䣬ûܻߵ뷨
ߣҲҲ˰ɡ
ּͶʯǰһʯǼץҲ˻ö˸Ǳ
˻γ䵶ֻѩһϢСŴɱ󣬱ƤԼһΧ
ҲҪҧһڣȻ̫ˣҧһڣͶҧ
ˣͻȻͣ½Ų۾Խ󷽣¶һֵı顣
һҪᷢ˼ʸƿǶһû˼֧β˻Ų
ű֧ʸЩʼ·Ĵˣʱмʣµ˸հγһЩӰ˲սһ
׻ûǰһĻع񣬱оͷһƬӰűһ˫£һůĻ
⻳ϤǶҲŵ˼ĺĺζǱƣϣǰÿһӵȫͬ
ٿһ˫ӲǣźͬϲͲţҲŨŨϧ
С죬һ͵͵ŴŴŵˮӿϱİë
Ҳ۾ȴû˵ʲôֻţЩָĺڱͷǰ
죬ҪȥҧָһᣬһЦ
ԱͻȻһ䵶ͷҲ̧ѩһ˳ƵݳûԷؿڣ١յ
Ҳûһֻۣרעؿס
ǰںսСͷףٳԱǾʬϵĿ׽ǰͬһֻٰ㣬ᵶǰ
Χ˳ѻɱЩ˵ֻ̣оԼ֮;Ĵ˾ͬոӰ㵹ȥ
Χ˻ҽԼײЩȫѵ˹ȥ
ڳؿڣǷ㣬ģû
ͨͨ
ȺԶǳȺĶ֣ܿսͽˣɽϺ˵Ŵ˵ʬ壬ûһ
ѹ׳ɽ·ʱЩŵסˣƬ̺˹ߺ꣬ꡣʿȥ꣬ĺУ˶ѵ⡣
ɽפغܿͷʿߺ׳ƣԶһѩɽҲźɽĻѩԨ׹ȥ
Щǿѹ̧ͷűԼˣ°ͳȵĿ⣬ǼͳݣҲſ죬һ
꣡꣡
Űܿϣʿӿѻ̨ǣ𣬽һĻѩ㵹Ȼһβͨкܶˣʤ಻ϣѩۿɼٶȥֻһʱɽͨڴ
ĴŽһͷڣȥԱߵ֣ȥһʯϵĻѩºʼǰ׷˳
ƽ̯ڴϣȥؼ壬ᰴѹǸһëĶƤ۲ۡ
֫صֻһ˫۾ؿ
£˸λðѹ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ѿˣ֪Լˡ
û˵ݣͻᶳⱱΪһֻӲƤëĨСʬ塣
治ۣƼС鲻ԣɻʡ
׼ҡͷ
ֻۡ
̰ؿųѣ뽫ʱģμУٴǻİ⣬ȥ
ѸɻˣЩҵëϸ˱飬צӷ϶ȷֻһЩϸС˿ڣʲô󰭺Сͷʣôˣ
ųкŵǵ۾ǵǿ֧ŵļǿʧٴӿۿ̧צȥӣסס
ǿҪ˵Եʣ׾ԼҲʼ˳СԲͷ⶯ţڿţѾ̧צӵûˣֻҪҪˣ߸ʵԭ
Ѿʱ򣬱¶ѾôҪˡ
С촽˲ҪͻȻʲôٿشӳѴϷһ˫۾Ҳ±ų⡣
˳߿ȥûмʲô쳣ֻһƬտĵ棬ѩȵ䡣
ôˣ
䣬ֻһᣬǰӰһ˲СƬյϣ˫צƴڵ٣һѩٿشʰһС﷢໵ļС
ܼҲóϲöЩ
׾ѾȵĵݣϵǾسһ֣СظԼƤϣצӰס
ʧ»صڣѩѰһӽϵϣϾһֱצӰͦģû·ˡ
Ϊ٣ֻϡظסһСƤҲر⡣
ֻҪеݣܻȥ
һֱףֻڻݺ󣬱һɨ֮ǰήǷϣػһ㣬ԺͻȻֳһ뷨
ѩӣǰͳһϸխĲϲצȥ̣ȴ˸գֱǰ£òϵá
СףǲǾãûеݵĻͻᶳһڲβ˴ᣬһ
صͷ
绹ҵѽĻᶳޱûãԪҲ˵ϵݾͻûˡ
Լ׵ĶԻЩڣֻüѵصʵĻᶳġ
ֻצֱ
֪ǻݡ
Ѷڰ׷ۣЩĻͻȻ˵ڣֻԴˣûˣ㿴Ҳ˵ݡ
ӿŴѲĿֻ֣ûӯѩɿرܼȦѻǵز䡣



78¡½
ѱ»صӵʯͷ, ָëצϵ˿ͿĨҩࡣ
ôģûиԪ͵͵ԼĹѵʡ
Ҫ£Ѿɵռסɵ͸͸, Ĵץ, ɱˣԼװС̫࣬Ԫǽġ
ѼС㶿ԼҲ⼸һϢû, ǳʲô£
һüգ㱨ƽϢû˵Ƿɸ뱻ס, ׵ķӦȴᵽһ˿쳣
˵, С˵˻, Ÿ, ûס
Ѻε, Сı, ³˸š
ǲǹб䣿С׾ٵԼǰ, ƽš
СϽͷ
ǵǵ, б䣬, ˡ
Ѿпסӳģ
Ԫͳģ
ԴڵĻ, һ뷽跨֪ͨ, ûаϢ, Ѿɱˣ
, ˭ƿ˹, ĿǰȥЩ, Ѿ
ѾСĵͷҡͷУɿؽʵƴճ
Ѿ˾⣬ǳҲڣֽжµģѸ⣬ͷ񶨵ԣ಻ҲͻụǣƣдѣҲ֪ԼûǸõλֻбݸߵʩգ˳棬ʹǸԸðΣգһѡ
Ѽ׷ʣռסʹ˿ǳ䣿
˵ϳ䣬ܵܿҰģȴֻ˽ϲ̨СϷ̫
ʼյϢǶӣ˱֪ʵѾڽ
̫Ļڵ֪Ѷо֪ԺûܷɴץסĻһҲ˵οЩ꣬Ҳֻ˽
ǰСȴҡҡͷ
ѳĬ˲ۣʱĿ͸˵ֻ³֣塣
һֱдţ˵eȵϲСӣҲĻλ̳ˡѵĸףҲʱóĴӣųeδˣֶͨΣȵδֻƬ£˳õλ˻ʵۡ
ȻЩû˸õ˵ֻо˽ҲʹѶ
֪Լ׳ûЩţ۶Գe׵ܿνǼã谮мӣҪ÷ҪꡣȻ̬Ȼ˿ûз̬֮ôЩţҲ˾òʵʧˡ
eȵ䣬ǰϻϽСӣֻ֪ܵ竣˽¶˽ûиʹţڲñԼŶ飬Ժúˡ
ʹֹѶһ˴ߣһĻԹޡҹeҲ۵ﰵı㡣
´멸ʯͷϣٽ׷ȥţʹԼߵӱԵġ
һֱѣƼɫ죬֪ضǳ˴£ȴҲʣֻŷԸ
ѳĬƬ̺eͬѾ¾ˡ
ĺȻ̧ͷ𾪣Ƭ̺ҧ£ؾɣٴǡ
жʮϳe˽ıҲô࣬ؾǲʲô¡
ȴûͬ⣬ֻʣǽô죿߾ô죿ʮô죿
żѾ췴ˣѾʹ
ôͻȻĻôЩ꣬صĵ𣿡
ĺeѰᣬҲ˱ڱ߾СûǱһ¶ɱڸУһĻͻȻֹ߾ɱбضгeĹϵ
һпνֶ࣬κ˱£Ҳǣǵľ֪»ᶥס˵ĽɾʤˣҲ˺ǿǡ
ûҽǾǰ˵Ļ˵ڣʱ졣
Ѿ˼ֻ鵭ؿԶѩɽ޻սһ̣ǰˣҲͽʿһǱ߾Ҳ
תͷ׷򣬼׹ȻûиֻԹԶʯͷϣһ˲˲ؿߺ󣬻̧צӻ˻ӣһ˫Բ۾Цġ
ĿҲôһ죬ʹСףѰһĵطúչ˺á
˫ͨ죬ʵչСװɣôһ죬ҲƲṶ
֪Щ㲻˵ʲôֻļ硣
ԶĻͨͨ˵ĺУ֪Ѿһͨ֡
ͬһֻܵٻС㣬ߵߵ˹ܳȥ멣ֵͷȥţһ·ϵ˳ǰ
ͬղǰ㣬ǰĵϵѩĭãһ뽫סᲽɽȥҲϽϡ
ͨһ죬Ѹ̤ƽأһͳģĽ첽ͨһ£ξȼ٣𷣡
׷һھҲȫ£ȵȼ٣𷣡
ѷһԵսӸµ°߸棬ɱҴطΧȡսЩ޹İգӢսͬ۸𣬶ǹ
ڽʿսȭӦ
Ҳԣתͷ˫ϥһսһ˳ȥŽҲ֮ϡ
ֱ߾սų̷ǳ죬״Ӵ̽ë׵ͷؿ߷Ŷѩ
紵ϵëɣ۾Ҳֻܰţһ߿Զѩɽذѩԭһ߲ʱƤһݡ
µݱõˣȵͣʱֻֻᷢһֻӲ
߾İẠ̊́ܶȵǲҵͷ׹ѩɽҹĻѾ١
ȳǳǽϣפǽڴڵؽŰֻͷһֻŸ̲ˡ
ôˣûѻǱߵϢɳɤԵı
ʿҡҡͷµô̽Ӹͳȥ
ݾҧһͷֵǳԱȵ쾡ں󣬴ҪʱҪսˡ
ʿ㵵ʣô֪
һͷ˵ġ
ʿʱȻȻ˵Ǵ˿϶ǣǵס𣿡
ˮһڣƲȥ°ϵˮۣסΪȥѻڣǴطӿ϶Ҫˡ
䣬ͼĴפش˽ŽǣƳƵ쳹ȳǣͬʱ֧𣬶ųǽϿն
꽫ˮڵϣγ彣˻󺰣׼ӭս
̧ͷԶǣͻȻǱտʼԽԽ죬ǰ춼ˡ
˳ѵ䣬ͷʱצʾһһתͷЩ͵ӳͫҲȼյĻ硣
Ѿʼˡ૵
䣡䣡䣡
ȳǺصĳţĴײźʿͰռ米֣ĬԼѪ֮סҡҡ׹ĳš
û룬Ҳû˭ȣΪ֪ûã³ֻԼڳе޶ĸƳǺĵҾ
ǽϵʿºµĲϣվڶڣľػŸУǽͷĴ˿䡣
һͽȥƤսĶɸӵǽ£ȳ˳ǽͷ
Ҽһ䣬ǽ¶ļնϣӽ̴һ˵źٴڰеԶĿбž
£иزסǣֻܺͽȹ૵
ӦøϲˣȳҲزסˡ
ɾʱԶͻȻһ⣬պȻըһըѤ̻
һҰ۾ŹѸۿת˻һʾˣסʾˣ
оʿտգһһ̻ը죬ɿŽȳǷƶ
ΧĺɱսƺΣֻʣ̻ըϣÿһ˫۾ӳճ⣬һըĻµ
϶ᣬƴɱƴԼļסţľ
ţҲͣķţһ·ţҪǿǣǿǰǳסϾ͵ˣ
ϴźŵڵձһ·ͬǰ
̧ͷѣ̻ӳյ÷˫ֱǰ۾ޱȼ㣬ųһе˿̿ȥһ㡣
̻£ȳǳǰѩϣ鶼ǴˡһȣѩһɱǽŸߺĺɱֱ
طһɺŭϯѩԭ֮˷׷ײҽŵأܿ㱻Уʧ١
ѳǰһѷѩͬԨĴ˶ն¡
һ˵Ĳͷ­߸߷գѪ´Ƭ䡣ֽðͷһѰȥЩѪ㽦ڴϣֻӵһˣͷҲصسš
űײ֮ʱҲӿ£ſڵĴͬնв˰
ۿȥӪһִٵĺŽǣ˶ףŵĶߴҴұӡ
׷ɱЩյģҪӻ
齫Ųʿʼ׷Ž˳ǡ
ȳһƬֿժգʿǺụӵڼİҲܳţڽϿϤĽַҲụƽ
ɵڽֵǰʱЩͣ˶鲻Խع£ϵظߺűꡣ
һԺǰѷȺԺſڵĳɹӭһĨһ⿪ϵĴ멡
멽£ǰ¶˳ɹһž־ϲӴⲻ𣿡
׶һȫк
ʲôʱģԼ𣿡ɹȾۣ̾ôԶ·ôӴܿඡ
ԭȵĴ⻰ֽһȴǳתǧأһֻצӸɹ
ɲˣжˡ
ԭֻװ߿࣬ȴóɹ˳סֻצӣ۾Ҳźˡ



79¡ø磬һȥ
ѽ׽ڻ, һԺߣһ߶Ըĳɹ٣뷨֪ͨЩھǵİ, ȥס䡣
ɹ, ̶ֻһ˲ͷӦɫ˲ɷף£ǾС
ʣµĻû˵ֻͷ, ظ˶̶֣e
ɹվԭסãƬ̺Ÿݡ
ѽ׷, Լֽϵ, ׾͹Թ, ʱһ¶Ƥϵĵݡ
e֪Ǽʲôŵ, չȨ, ߾, ֽǸˡ
ѵ˵, 鿴ϲŭ, ֻϵĲһݸ, Լһһ
ҲצŲ豭, ڴι
ɹ, ﻹע⵽ʵԼڵˮ, Ƭֵ̺, Щдô, ˾͵ڷϵˡū, ̫ǣ϶Աڣ»ʲôʧ
Щһֻǳ»ʺµģھѾʮ꣬һع⣬Ժ㲻ھǡ岻ףʱ䡣ɹﲻԸȴҲҳԷԣֻò˼䡣
ѽͷĲˮٴĬעпձƬ̺ȵǰҴƫǰʱѾҼλگ顣
˵ĸԭΪӣԴ𣬶ɸĸµҩӰĸĸʺ󣬽һҶŪҲƺֵúܴ˳áΪֶγıԹⷢѣȥƫҺúһ£һز¶ĵ
ַ˳ߵ顣ΪߵȷΪأҲ˺飬Ϊ˸߱𣬱㽫Ūʧȥӡң뿴ң̫λϳƫŲʶꡣ
ɹϢ񣬾Ҳͣ˺ˮֻŲ豭
˵ǳûʵ۵ʵ۱صסطɽڻҵΨһǣҵƴ䣬ֻҪı뱣ǡֽeıҪ˳Ļõλ˽ңҪ䡣
ѴŨڵĽëסͶһƬӰƣ૵٣ʵЩҲ룬ʼҵֵܣһҪ𣿶ĸ󣬸ʣأߣϽ㡭ûˡ
⻰ʹһγ٣ʱٵĻشǱڿųѵ͸ִĲȴôҲش𲻳ˡ
ū̾ȥ죬ͳǵİ壬Ǳ»̫ƽͳǡ
̾˿תȻֻղ豭ûֱ۽Ǳ˳ͷһССȣͷĿȫǵǡ
ѽױţצӣᰴƤϣۣצյǰףû¡
űԱԡȥ߰ɣҸ꣬㶼ܽСףҪСˡ
໡˦һצϡ
ҵͭԼƣͺһֻСڹƵģһͷһĵݹ
׷ŭһ·ԡ
ľͰ뵣վͰŽʵϰһп㣬ڴϴֻҪܵС
𶯣ëɿˣúϴ
СһϢſͰϣĭͷצסһݣҲűĶһһΡ
໣
㰡
¼ᣬùһӣЩ趹ĭ󻬣ʼСҵë
໣
ϾͺãֻʣһСţټһ¡
Ѹϴ裬øˬݸѾĳɹԼȥϴ
ɹӹףСĵطϣһߺһ߲ϵʪëֻڳɹȡצĵʱս
аɲߡ
Сף㿴⵾ݶˣӵòãɹѧųѻСס
û˵Լɣֻץĵݲɡ
ҪʲôģȥҸ㣬⵾ݾͲҪˡ
ɹȰ˵ףԡŴ򿪣һ۵ĳ˳Ӳͷ촦ûϵϣ̻¶һƬɫļӴƬϱð
٣ȥҵɾˡѷԸ
ɹȥҸɾݣһ߲ͷһڲֻʪСëϣͻȻЦһ
ֻƵġ
ȡŸӣͷףһͨڻùҩƿצҩ
צֻмϸС˿ڣͿҩ࣬ͦбµģǱӴһΣ
׿˵ͷ
ǵģ˺ܳһ·
Ѽ۾ﶼǵ⣬㽫צ󣺡Ԫһ϶㰲·Լɣ
תת˵Լ·ģѾڿ˿ڣֵֻͷڹеԪ̣︡ǣųֱһ
ѵףһ˽ԪģԪ֪ڹе֮Щ϶ûµġ
ҩϺãɹһѸɵݽ׿Ƕѵ۾ˣӳѻٿֱ塣
ɹݷǰСϣױצһҪƤϰ
ѿڶƤ̿㣬ҲÿֻҪеݾû£Ҹ취ɡ
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¹£ԺĻѩ⣬ҲСƤëյöƵġԺһȦֳмǿô£壬צץӡ
СһػɫȦϸĻᷢõݱɵġԶԶŵҲ£Ȧһ
ɣתͷſڣֻվڷɢ棬ߴͦεζһΣϵĹԺϣüֻһƬ繡
ССܹȥѸڻΧֻܰѩʱ졣׽ͷѣǴȣļҸְ
ùͼ£ڵ̿յú׾ſԵĻƤϣ۴ʱʱôһ䡣ǵĻȻȤŸ磬ǲġ
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СҲֻҪһߣȱض߾ҲΪ
ȽeЩ£ٴر߾ˣ
Ǳ߾İأǵ𣿡ŭ
һȳλʱ˿ǣû˭ٳ
Ѻܾû˵ˣֻһ¸׵ͷʱĲʱƽؿڣѾ˾ҪԴҲȣսپǻûձû
գξζЩʿǲ𣿡
ѿǣһɨղ΢۵ģࣺͬʱҲСڿẮг󣬶ǵıö඼ϷˣȵӦûһʱ䡣θ֣ʮˣռʱƣ̸ôҺʱǿ϶ΪҪһʱ䣬Ǿͱ䲻⹥䲻վȫ
ǵ·һߣҪģҪ˳׸ϳ߾߾ʮ̫ƽ
нʿؾǵͳ춼Ӧ
˳ӣҲŻƤϣԴ׵ĶƤ۾ҪȥŻ˵в˼óٴúù䡣
һ⻰ͲˣڳãѵԴƤϣҲۿ
໡
ҿ϶ҪȥģȻҲġ
ҾǴ̱һգ㲻㣬οҲôȥ
ָָؿڣʾԼš
ְ̫ˣҪɱУҪ˼㣬еġҡͷ
໡
øȥˡ
ֻצӺ£ǰ֣˫ȫǰ
вУûء
˫Ժ󣬼زͷϥױòȣ±ڻƤϷ˸ãؿԱߡ
ôˣˣˣٴϥһצĵžһ
ƽʱʲô˳μҲûɿڣֻ۾ţ˵
תͷѣƻµôÿȴԴƣ̬üҲһĹ֣ͻȻͲôˡ
ǰôȥأС׵ĻûڸǰɱУףǻˣûа취ܡ
οҲ֪װ
һͻȻð뷨սѶƬ̣ƽ೤Ҳûۣ˯һ㣬ųݡ
ԺʱһƬֻļƥ׽ŸɲݣһֻСسԣҴһûˣϺ˫צؽ⿪һҧϡ
ҲԸǣֻŲڵ档
׺Ͼҧˣɽϰ죬Ҳû϶
㿴Ǳߡ
ô
񱪡㿴
Ժǽ֦ϣһֵҹĽԵˡ
Կȥ۲Ƭ̺˻һӣ
ǣ߰һ°ɡ
һ΢ƿһʯƨϣʹһɣ㱻Сϳǡ
ҧƥԺӣ˴֣Ѵʱǰ濴һյأǴߡ
˿յأûˣߵߵƵԣԾԾԵش˴ֻǰצҧһԾ˵ϡ
𶯣ѧ󣬾ܰŸ̡



80¡Сս
Сϼѵص, ǽȲȴ̫̣޷, ָΪſ, ϡ
һ˵Լˣǰ·ţڻʼԳʱ, ˽ϣЩơ
صû, 㲻ͼ, ҲЩͷض˶, ӱǿ
ȡһͬһſ, ֻǰצץסǰ, ֻצҲٽ, ͷһ˦, ݳ, 
ץڿյСȦ, ȻߵЩܣҲ̶ܹϡ
, ܺ͸һȥ, ҿԲ, Ϊ鷳ˡ
ðɿϲ, Ͳ˲
ԽԽ, ҲӾҵµľ, ֻצٽҲյҡΣڱȥžһǶ˺Ļѩ
ױˤ߻أ˦˦ѩĭԴƥڱܵ
СܵʱһԾٴλصϣֻצӿµ
໣
žણ
ֱˤѩ
ˤòᣬѩ˺һŷˡ
յԵӰһֱһߴΡҲ֪վǶ˶ãӣ˵ʲô飬ͷ϶һѩһĵܡ
ֻÿ׹ʱ۱ߵֻôһ¡
һתʱವطɳȥһźӰҹлһĻߡ
صߵ˱ˤµص׼û뵽ڰУ㱻һ˫ı۰סһʵȴϤĻ
ϳ˫׶ʱסҶˡ
ƥתȦ񱼣Ҳֻ׾ǰһһĿԡ
ȥ𣿡ʡ
ı࣬ҲӲ
׵ͷ
ȥɡ
ҲһΣա
ǺΣաûɣ˵ʵΣգҲƽ
׿۾һֻצӣᰴؿڣܵջצӣԼؿڡ
ǶҲˡ
ͣסĴѩٴη׷Ʈ䣬һƬС۽ϣ˲ֻΪˮ飬һ׹δ׹ˮ
ѿᶨԣ̾˿С£뻳Уͷ͵͵صǾһɡ
СվѩУúܽױյЩòײŽͷϣȦܣ¶һ΢Ц
ڶδǻ㿪ΣƺƵȥ
һװǰżٽѩսҲֻͣȴ˸¨Щײ࣬ûƴһۿۡ
һֻë׵Сվ¨ֻצӷųѼͷ紵ðۣҲһ˷ܺͼ
ǳɹĸ¨պÿԽװ棬¨ڿҲɽ
СʱһֻצӣճԲԲСȭֻһצᶨָǰ
໣
ҳ壡
ѷһЦޣǰ۶ȥ
ǰһʵѩɽָǴɽ壬׵ɽ𣿽ɽҲǵ˵ʥɽŷ´룬סɽϡ
´룿ɽ
û´룬ɽϤͻȻ߾·ϣǸĺõͷʹǲҪȥɽ
£һƶѩɽ壬͸ִİסɽֱۻΡ룬ʥࡣ
ڿɽʱ㸡ֳһֵĸܣԺʲôᴥһ졣ûԵɵأͷĳͷеߴ٣ɽ
ôˣζûǲ䣿
ѵĴѯʻ˴ʧףתͷצ³ѵļ磬ʾԼ䡣
һ·У;ɽϵĴڱæȼ˷𣬰ǺȻ棬ʾɳۣͬӿĺߣڴ˴ӦкŽʱѾӿ⣬ѹѹͣƽɽͷϡ
ǰǣͷϹһͷ­ǵʱͶϵĽʿ뻹мðźɫỤ̃ա
ӣٲǣפڳһյءӭкŽǴʱ緹ʱ䣬ССȼ滹ţȡһƬæңæƼȥǽ⼯ϣЩȶѾһƬ
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һֻӥͻȻӹУɽͷסľףѾзѩǻŭȳ֣
ĺɱͻȻ죬̵ıɽͷ˷¡ÿʿһǰľĺη޾壬ΪǰǵӰǵĻʵۡ
׽ץ¨ԵһıĵҪſ˼뵽ϾҪܣڳϵĵȦ
ܺãȦʵԷĴ
ǴŻҰ׵Ƥۣطʿڿףɫ˳ںɱб˴˿ײһ
ûм٣߶ƥԾУĽϽһǶһШӣӲƿ˳һ·ݿ֮࣬˷׷׵¡
ֳַѩбƻޣһ
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ǿʲô·ϼ񵽵ֻСҿҲսɱˡһҶָſŵǴ
˳ָȥֻһŰɫС㣬ЩͷԾڣ֮д׹ء
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ѾŽɱǽԶĵطһ·ϵ޷죬׸ǰԾŲ䣬Щץ˫Ŀѷѩһͷ­͹¡
ץһʿǰԾʱûпԽĵطۿҪӿ£һ浶нƽƽס
ѽѩһ̧Уȵվˡ
ڿбλ˲ץһˣһŤȵԾ˳ѱ¨
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ո³ȥתͷ˦±÷ǳһ˿˷ܵЦ¶Ȯô˵ù򡣡
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䵶Ҳѵõһ죬ѵڿײһɫĻ𻨡
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û뵽ӡһĴطˣȻҲ˺֮ʿ֮Ѿȫƥǰ˼ŵתͷࡣ
ױѷԸûгֻ֣̽ӣŴո³צ죬ڳ׺ݵ͡
ո³ƼѱͻȻ̽һֻצİɫСֻ£ջȫעضԸѡ
˱ؽʮС׺ݲƣ̵裬ո³κδϢʱ䡣սҲһĿŲ֮䣬ޱ
ո³ཥЩ֧׾ʤãܳһʱ䡣ֻֻСʵķͣҰΧֶܻЩ
սʱԱ͵͵һʿóꪣӳѲȥ
׸˫צǰ۾Ƴˣʱŭ𣬴¨ԾգצӶ׺ݵ¡
͵Ϯ

ҽͬʱһǱץϹʿһǱѩеĴո³ࡣ
һ˳Ѻ󱳵¨ŷ֣ո³ѾԶӰֻʣһֱۣһֱڵϡ
ֻɱŽڳһɱųŵĴաκսĵĳ仯ͣ仯ͣҪսʹƴ
սϻŻҰ׺ɫʼɫӶ࣬ģӱԵشʼɫԽԽ˳һɡ
ۼʤǰطʿ磬ɾʱԶȴ¡¡졣ԶϣʯأʲôȻڽӽ
ʿͻȻĴУһ㡣Щԭפڱ߾Ĵطȴɫ䣬¶ŵ顣
Ҳѩһ˵Űγķ
ֻұɽͷϣͻȻðʮͷӴޣÿһͷ϶ľܣżʿ
ԦʦԦˡʿź
⻹ǵһο󣬲Щˡ
ʲôȱҪöడ
ʿȻѵأڿʱ򣬱پ£ٷɢĴܿ;һֻΧıʹطƴ
꽫һֱפڱ֪Щģ˻ߵغܣɽܡ
պڣһļڴ죬ʮͷ󣬱·Ĵطʿ
Ⱥʱ¡¡ĽŲϹף涼ڸһ㣬˴ط
ӭͷײϵˣһҺ˲䱻̤סϳŵԦʦΧһȦʿҲ·˲ͣż
ЩԦʦĿ£ڴطĴײ̤ʿǶʱɢˣ˳õȥǾԵ󣬾壬Ǵ𣬷ϵһ
ʿȺƽЩڻеĴطʿ
󣬲󣬲ҪˣҪܡۼҲɢ˿ʼˣ˻ȴҲûʲôá
ѿЩͳײ󣬴һģ
ڡ
ˣһȥԸЩ󡣡
ĵĳΣգΪسûӦ߼̴ֻŲӸӦǡ
˰֣ͷҪԱϵ˵ʲô׻ûצӵͺһ
𳳳ֱϡ



81¡ȫҧ
Σ, Լܣ֪𣿡Ѹϣһ߼һߴ
׷סļͷûп, ˳צһʿ۾
ûУӦ, Ҿͽȥ
ײ鲻Ըһ
֪֪ˡ
ѲȴȻӦˣһŶ, ϾǸѾ
һͷѩϱܳײʿӴǰϣ̤ϵĴ, һù·Ⱥ, һ߷˷ܵĴЦ, ﻹ
һָü׼·ܵʿ, 㿴һƥս, תͷȥ, ȴͷ㿪, æٴϹ, ӷȥļʸõ
˱ͻȻԾһŰװ׵ĶԼ, лû壬ֻ۾һʹ, ˲ʱһƬڡ
Ծ߸ߵ, ƵƵצ, վ˱е, , ƥʹ󽻴ʱȻԾ, ץסϵľܷȥ
ѩѪŽͷ­߸߷ϰաѽʬ״ȥȥֻԦʦ޷ƣŭҡΣ뽫ϵ˦ȥ
ֱӵתŴ󲱾룬һһ
еĴڻ½Ų˻һСɽƵȻ׹ҵѩһƬѩ
ڴ׹ص˲Ծڿִһ
һŰֱ˹ź£ڻУԾһξŵء
ʿǶƼһĻֻ¨ϳǵĻʵۣʱҲôң
²ɱһͷͱǵľӣͱǵľӣ
ʿӵĴϵĴľһȦƣԦʦм䣬ɴײ
ʿЧ¿ʼѵľٶ࣬վԾȥ˵䣬˼ܲˡ
һͷ˻ĺͼγϵĳһͷ
д½ʼ£ܿͽʮͷʣµÿһͷ඼׷ƥϵʿźţȿֺԾ󱳡
ǽϣĲͳľһֱųУĿһɫĽýӰϣֻСѩ໥ϣִɱһͷͻȻú˵һ䣺طʵۡôԸ˼䡣
Ӧһͭڴ죬̶ش˳ǽ¡
ѰγϵķѩװĹȴȻۣͳذ״󱳡
һӰӹذױԶڿлһߺ׹䣬ѵתͷһͣǹֱȥ
Ҳûһۣļͷϵ¨
մǰذ׵ףԾ䵽ϵ¨
ȥɱһֻĨ˰ձȥѪۣƽѯ׽ʲô
ȴѴ÷ǳ˷ܣ۾ðŹ⡣һֻצӷųѼͷһֻצңңָǰֻںֱײ쳣׺
ãģȥɱֻ
ʱǽϴͭѭȥվڶڴľңңߡ
ľѾʮȴͳͬӥĿϺ󣬱˴˶о˶ԷŨŨɱ⡣
˫ҲͶ˶̶һ˲ľǹһЦջߡ
ǳ̶̵𣬳Ѹо˲ԾһսϣȴͻȻ¡¡ⷽ
Ҫĳѵļʾߣͼͬʱѩĭɽ߰ͷǳͷһϲôడǲȥ׷ˡһôడǴ򲻹
ɫѿ߾Ǹ߸ߵĳǽ򣬱ͷˡ
Ĵһɽһֱ͸ѲԶĵطͻȻӿһ󲨴ʿԽԽԶֻôһԼѰ˸ᣬΧȦ
ͺһֱսΧŴ׷Ĵطǣִڳͬһ򣬱Ҳ׷
ɴ緢ȫɱ˦󣬴ʿҲûӿϣֲֻһ
ôͬʱҲЩţצһšƼϲʱûôš
ֻҪڣһж¡
ٿվڳѼͷٴаӣ¶׺ݣԳСצһָѿ
໣
ȻҴֻֻֻֻֻֻһֻˡ
ȴͻȻץסֻצӣƽصСףһԹսҪͿôȺʰˡ

һʱЩãȻ
ǲҴЩ󶼲Ҵˣ
ûüԼɻ󣬾ͱѴӼͷץǰ
ѵ۾ǰδеĺһȴĪͷһЩɻͲ໽жѹ˺
ףúõҾС
СȻЩӲ۵Ҳһ˿ҡѲûȥЩֻٵøøƤĴͷӡһǡ
˻УͻȻС׽г׵֣ͷҵƺöĤڸŲȺĽŲ
ûи˼ʱ䣬ͻȻԶһģס
䣬׾ֻһ췭ظ˲Ѿһɴա
СڿоŵתȻϣͷצȥȴԽԽԶֻܿעԼĿ⣬ᡣ
ܾԺٻһĻȻǵóİ⣬Ĩʱģʹ
ĴһԾµ׽ڻҪȺǰ壬ֱһȺ׷Ĵʿס
ȺѾ嵽˳ѽη˳ǽߣȺϵĹҲ˼ȺϷԾȥ
ȴ쳣ƽϣֳֵķѩббָŵ档˫ȼ˼߶ӭȥȴԭز
һƥղǣսȺûӽʱѾŵû겻壬ʱǴ粽ǰС
Ѹɴ˫һ㣬ڿնһͷ󣬿ͬʱϵйżʸ˷
һѷѩ񵲲סܼļʸϳ壬ôƱػᱻС䵽棬ֻᱻȺȳࡣ
˲䣬תͷڻѡϡзѩٻӶѩʸڵϡ
£§ףý̴һ˵ţĿѵ˻
طʿǷƵ߳壬Ҳ쳣׺ͬƴķʽ赲ǡ
غѾ÷ѩסҪλֱֻڼͷˣҲ˿ôĿġ
ڣڣеĴʿҪطʿסǵĻʵۣǵĻʵ۾ҪȺˡǽϵľϣ˷ֶܵڷŸԵ
Щ׳ܣУɫҰףŴһ˫۾۲˷ĶѰһ˿϶ȺϵԦʦ򲻶ϷָôǸϣл롣
ءױͷںĻţʹط
˿ͻȻͷʹѣȴŬȥѵķΪѪͫУӳճȺڵ󣬻ĴӰ
ͷʹúҪըƺͭûģ־Ҳʼ㱣ǰڷģȻͼеһĻصһ
ܶŸצӡǵصѪ綼Ⱦ˺ɫɫҰ׵ڵϣѾҪʧȥ
УУ㲻øף㲻øģ
״ʱֻ仰ǴӺĻѳȥˤ˵ϡ
ҶҪȸ磬ǰ
ӦУ׵µأ븩ȥͷֿ䵶ֱֻ񵲣ͬʱ𣺡Сףһ
վֱ壬ȴойظܶڳĳϣ֫ٺ
ͬʱĹ죬Ұ̧ߣë׵СצҲʼצγɷ乳
ĻףȴԵĴʿͻȻͣ¶㶵ؿ󣬺ĳû̴һδһ޵ĵͺ
𣡡
ŴŨŨŭѹȡ
Ĵ˶ͣ˿ɱĿηﶼһʣƺǰ´롣
ʲôȴҲ̲סתͷȥ
龰󣬲һֻѾһֻ걪ѩûаɫȴһĨĺ죬ȾѪצһʿľӣ˾棬צѾǶƤ⡣
ŵһ˻ڳ鴤϶˸ѪðѪ
ѩǼϻմѪۣȻԱ˾ϵѪҧġ
´룬´롭
ƺһĻסͿѩͻȻֻצһ֣צ˵ڵϺ׸죬ŭһǰȺ˹ȥ
еѩ̬̺꣬Ⱦ˳İɫƤëöĨۣͬѩʢ÷
·ɱͷĴʿȻѩüĴȥȴһצ˲ʱ棬ڿɺڵϣһںƬѪûϢ
׿ǰڶȺĳѣڵҰѾ׼
˫Ŀ죬ֻһ뷨ǾǽЩ˺ʹһҧ
ȫҧ



82¡ȥɽ
;Ĵʿ, ڿ׺󣬺ö඼ԭأЩ, Щ޴Ű´, Ҳ˴Ա߳վ䵶ѩȴڴʱٿȻŤͷ
ѩ˫Ѫ챪ۣŵ˫ȷ, ıŤͷܣδһ󱳱㴫˺ѵʹ, һ˲ѷ˳ȥ
һֱͼȺдȥ, ЩƷ, ʵѵ, ܻᵲǰһѰҳ·, һ߶ЩͻȻĲ̤, Ҫ÷ѩסϷ
, ûվ, ׳һһҶ̤ȻǰͻܹˣǰѾһ
ۼ±޿ɱ, ͻȻι磬֮һӰ, գ֮, Ѿûԭ, վȺеһСյϡ
׷³, ǰ΢΢, ĺֱ, Ⱥһŭ
ڿѩʱסˣ米ϻ֧Ѫۣɫ԰ֽҲЩվȣȴһ˲˲ؿŭڵѩʲôЩŵף
ʵǺίģЩ
˵һܣͻȻͰӳȥˣѵѯʺûӦҲûжʲôĸӦ
ڲѣԼװ
ˣڳѿĵطβͻСȵ˦˦ʾʵ鲻Ըػشˡ
ǰװô㲻ǰӵ
ȺϵĴ֣ڿʱ㶨ס˶þɲЩԦʦǴˣһֻѩȻЩȣȴȻڣ
ѩʱȻԾ𣬷צӴǧ֮ץһֻ۾
״ʱѾֻױȻϲϴȴýצִ̣ŽʸеâһѱĹ
󷢳ʹ˻Ѫӿ䵽ǳϡΪʹʼҳײܣԵĴײһţƾԦʦƴҲС
ѩץ˴󣬲δʹͣ£䷢ŭĵͺԳΪģڳתȦԾ˺ҧץӡЩʵƤ⣬צӺȴֽͬŰϱųѪҺʹòܿƵܣײ
Ҳڴʱ֣Щֻ˻ҵץľܣԾӶ˷ѩ
䣬âԦʦѪصȥͷ󳹵ʧȥƣʼͷܣûͷûԵг壬طʿ󱳣һ󵶽̺˻¡
ǽϵľۿһĻɫҪʳˮԱһ죬ôȡҵĹ
ٳδܵݵУͷȥԵʿָףô죬ʥް´룬´Ȼڰǣ´ȻǣǻҪ𣿡
һֻͻȻҰǰ´룿
ͷϣͷʥۡ
ľϲӦֻ৵ذγ嵶һͱµĿڣżȣȡҵĹ
ϻ̵Ѫۣһ·»ںϣŸ׺ݡһ²Աȡ³˹ȥ
ľϽ֧ʸڵϣȡ֧Ѽ
ѼҲܿϣľ֧ȫҡ˼£ʤɵ죬׼·ʼͷɫ⣬һʹž綾
Ƶ֧ʸΪƵģûͬͨʸ㷢ƿպХϢش͸ǰ
ֻʣһֻڿնצػǸʱƿƤ⣬ԳѪۡȻܲסһ֮Ӵҵ˼
ƯѴһͬʱԵĳǽԾڿбѩ׼Ԧʦ
˫ľʱԦʦҲŵ£ûüҲƵѸ͵سצͷʹ̣ȻͷԵһͷײ˳ǽ
¡һ󣬳ǽ϶ʱשʯɽ˲ȥһƬҲ˫һڵء
ѻվϣתͷԱߵףɫȻ԰ף۾ȴþˡ
Ҳ۵ùǺͷصĴᷭһ칭һ߶Ǵŭ𣬷ʮ

׶챪൱⣬۽Լ泯ֱ˫צǰڳԾޱơ
ױסƣֱѷһ͵͵ЦջצӣеƳ
תͷ֮䣬ѩʱ̣ȻͫУӳճǼ֧ٷļʸ
˭Ҳ֪Ǽʸģûзһ˿ǶߵţѸϢص׿ʱѾѺ󱳿ɡ
ĿƵؿȫ֪һС
ѩͻȻڿն𣬶ųͬÿһҪ˽ǰ㡣Ҳͬſ˫ۣŽסȻѾһֻСױ
Ѿ˱סѩ׼ѩȴûײУǽƵһԣѸ̧צ˴֧ʸ
Ϊʸûע⵽һ֧棬һ֧
˼վ壬תͷʱÿס۾һƺڷÿ֧ʸѩš
·סΧ˲ʧ·ɫâ˲۾һֱʹࡣ
˳ѵͣں֣һһ
ش˵ˣϾվ㿴ҵĴצӣҵĴԴ촽ճһôҲŲ
ǹʧԼССһţ£ǸϤůĻС
΢Щźȴ־Ҳͦõģ˺󣬾û취ڸĻ
úƣ룬ú˯һɸ粻ͣڶ߽׼˯Ķ䣬˵ѣҪ˯
Ҫˣ˻һһظЩۣ͹Ų˯ֻǿסצӣ¸ġ
û˯ֻǲۣء
סڿʼʡ
Χһֱ֣еǹ죬Һ;ԺιȥһʱɱۣʵʶЩѾʧΧһƬֻԱС̸
ͷι˶˵Ѷѩɽϣµһڷգٴˮҩԣܽ߶Ϣŭ
һֱȴܸоʱȵˮι죬ζͶȥǿģͽŴſ
ȥòãϲ
ÿζˣڳζ󣬶ҲŸĻһҴŰԼԣʶʼʡ
ʱӻȻۣȴܸоԼצӱһůУżͷСϧ
׳ѣһ
ԭڻиͻȻоһֿ
˵ֿٻԶգٻѪı̱궼ѹ
۵˲䣬ʶһʵҪˣҪصأصӦȥĵط
Ǹطɽ
ƽ״ضᵽضضڳϸ֦Ҳضųһ仨Ȼ
ſһˣ˯ŵĳѡ
ѾźӣѰݣȥƣ㲣˯Ҳü
Ѿܶû˯ˣϢأ׽ԼצӴгҲûио
ڴϣͷĿǸӷȴӢһƣҪһ̵μС
ĿͣǸɺƤĴϣ۵ͷǴƤϾһ¡
׵̫أһó˯УҲֻü΢˶
׳ǰǽǵİһݣϵԼϡΪؿˣЩֵͦһֻббϵ߰˸
Ҳˣ㹻ȥɽ
תؿ۴ϵǵӰԾϴ̨ƿϢû˴ѩ
ɽѩɽǸʵɽȴǳ⣬ǴĽֶһ𣬿ȥʥֻԻ͡
СɽͣЪطɱѩһϸСĽӡֱѩ˲ʱѾо˿ڵʹƺҲ֪άɽ
һ̣ڻȻף﾿ȥ
ضҲĳűһҫѩɽӹҰ飬ýرѩϡ
ʱضٿԣٵıӵƤëյͬһ
ױһκͻȻͣס˽Ųһʯſһֻǡ
಻Զĵطһֻҧ¹Լܱʯͷ˽ţһֱſû׺Ҳֻ̧ͷɫؽſȥ
׶Ƭ̧̣ǽֻѾӲ¹ϵǵǰٽ⿪ϵϵǼݣһϵǵĲϡ
Ҫòˣϵϰɣһסúûȥġ
ڵɽţСë׵צӣǱѩûĵһʯ׺ƺϸңԶУƶӭӡƺһһıצӴ⼶ʯ׿ʼ˳ͬһ·ƽյ㡣
˼󣬾͸оѾ˼ޣһֱڷɿţֻҲŲס
СͷǿɽۣŲǵǰ˵ѩϡ
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ױ۾úƣ룬ͻȻ;ûôȥɽˡỽ磬Լޱߵĺڰ

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СŻְᷢװ˻ǵѽġУ鱪һԭѩɽۣ֮ѩͣڰװûаߵ㣬Ϊͨѩ



83¡ȥظ
Ѽ, ɽһ·ɳۡѩƬεϣ۽޺üͷȾ˰ɫȴ˿ûио䡣
ӻ˯о, ûڴʱ, ΪѾ˲־ϲѰںԺӶûˣȴ˴̨Щҵĵݣһֳ˹ȵס
ս, мö˶ͣս׷ȥ, Ĳ, ͷĴ뿪ս
ɢ, طĶ־ȴǰ, ܿͽ˳׸ϳ˱߾
ֻɱ˴ľ, ׵ȴٳٲת
⼸, ϵЩ˵Ĵ˵, սϴ˶׺´, Ѿ϶鱪塣
ͻȻʧһ², ԽԽǿҵظоѺ, ȥɽ
û˯, Ҳûһ, Ѹٳɽķ׷ȥ
ڿ·ֻڴڴʳ¹Ĺʱ, ס, ŹǲϵǼ, һ˲ӿȵҺ壬ȴֱñ
κáɳԸ׷Ľɽȥ
Ѹոɽţ㿴ʯ׻ѩССһšˤײײ˹ȥֽС
СۣظûֻĿڴʣһĨȶȡ
ȥԼƤۣȴôҲⲻۣ̿ɴֱϿСĵУֻһ½Լȥ¡
Ҳ˹վԱ߲ûпǣֱԱߵҪȥ
̤˼Σûܲ룬ŲˤϥѩһϽȥȴƿٴηʱ·ɳۡ
߾õĴۼԺҳظڻʵۻеСΡ
ʵһֱŽ˫ĿСһҨСĵιС졣
Сȥٴȥʪëʵ۱㸩һڳɡ
ѾС˺Щ졣ʼڱҽ£Щ˼飬ۼŻʵ۶ֻӣΧСʱ̬Ȳڸ׹а
ǻΪһζҩĵִۣݣɽûһ˸ҳ
ΪСѾ;ƿݣΨһǿȫιȥһš
ںֻܰżʱϸСײǴҳֱʵƣº󣬲뿪
Ѹ²룬ӹԱ߳ٵӣСëɣ̧ͷԳٵ֮ǰǷӻüţ̫࣬ϲżǣ󼸿ӽȥ
ٱ˵ʲôϳ˫ȫǺ˿ݽѵ۾ڻлֻͷתӡ
ƿţԺſڴһС̧ۿȥ󲽿Ժӣ󻹸ˣֱԪͲ硣
СգսһѱûСױ鱪Ҳ׵飬߸ͺģԸȥǣܵİԪһҪӳ
Ľ˳ѵ̱ǣһ·ҹ̣Զ̶ʱձˡ
ƼԪ飬֪ҲһУ㿴Աߵţʾ¾棬̾˿ת뿪ȥ׼ҩˡ
ԪͲݣǸ밲񣬸վԪĿֻһϢСϣᱼӿ
òҧԼֱŲǰʧ̬޳
ѿ磬ҲȦӣɳżɽʣ磬ʦմʦøָܽĶ
糾ͣ۶˺üȻʱڹڵӲù
ųѵʻǰ̽ȥСȴʶСػڻһ˫ʱէ֡
ڲŵҪʱѷӦջɢתССĵطŵ˴ϡ
㿴ɡ
ϸ鿴С˿ڣѾվڴߡȻûгɵģϸƵĻ۱ߵ֣ڲƵز
Ԫ´˲磬ǿʲֻ̧ͣȥϵˮ
粦СƤָͷ䣬ĿüƬ̺ɻطһסűֻƸСͷҲдʡ
ס˺ŵضع۲顣ڲջֿʱ۵׾Ȼ¶˻֣̿ƺҪ˵õĽ
ؿڣ£֮ܣɽ⡣СɮʲŲ̽һ£þ
˵Ǿ֮ɽʱɫȻҰȥűǾ䣬۵˲ųʡ
Ȼ˵Ķܽ⣬þʲô˼Ѻ٣˻ƵǺһɰ
£Ȼɱ⣬Ҳν縩ųѹֵ
Ҳν˼ͻȻץס˲ֱۣʵ˼
Ӣֱ۱ۣȴѣֻصߣǶȥڤظ
ˣῪţܿţֻҪܿţĻȥĶԽһѵƿЦɿֱ̧ۣס
Ƭ̺֣˫ɷź˿ֻѾƽ
磬ȷӿԾȻ𣿡
СɮȻδʩȷĻǴصĻǾԿԾȻġδֻ֮УҲδϣֻܹ»굥Ưκϡǻǹλ߹һţеĶҲͲҩ
ǿʲôɻҪѭѾָ侲
һⷨʱ޵ģδ֮˵Ļǣһʱڽǳʱޣ㵽䣬Ҳֻ׳ΪһֻûиܡοҵķҲֻ֧ŹſһʱҲŵõѰ֮ҲһʱͨţȻҲԶزˡ
ѵҼסˡ
һ㣬ǵ˵ظòģǺģֻдɵıȥϡ
ɵı壿
Ʃ˵СɮĻȥ˵ظͷḡճҵı塣СɮзѾãȴһͨˣɵı壬ӦҲһɮˡ
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ѴԪãȥ
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ͻȻƿĳ˽ҲͨһڵϣȻȥظ幫ӻ¶׼
ūһˣҪȥĻūʲã¶׼ūһˡɹҩߣСģȴ̹Ȼ
ѵĿ⻺ˣڵ޵ˣ޻ȥҵظأ˻ᱻ壬˵ˣܱܲס˵˭Ĵطʵۣǰٹֵӣѵηظ𣿴ȥظ˶Уֻȥʡ
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ף̱ҪȥظףȴҲ׵ͿԼǰһһʧȥ
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һת, ۣԼһƬҰС
ͷûҲûһƬŨûĺ, ҲֻһƬɡȥ, ĿҲǻģԼɼһЩƮĺӰ
˴ûзҲûгౣĴܲһ˿Ѳûжͣ, ˳һСǰߡ
С·ԽһЩ䣬״ƴŵ죬޺Ѫ, ȴŨī, ԼйӰת
ǰ, ·ԵĻҲԽԽ, һƬĴ, ִż졣
ͷʱ, ֻµȻ䶯, ϸȥ, ЩྐྵȻѪڳɵģ滹вֲ֫, һͷ­죬ֲۿС
ЩڳѾʱ, ķת, ϵҲͬΰѶ
Ѱγѩ, , Ĳ˻, ŻΪɫĳҡ
, ɿ˻ȥ죬ͬ˽һ㡣Щ鲻ؼǰ
С·ߵͷǰһ﷭ӿɫĺˮԼƼңԶĶ԰
Ϲĺ̲ϣĻ壬Ǿͬһ㣬ʰ͸״ܴźͷεжϳŮȴģһſ塣
Ѿ׼ԿôĻ󲢲ԾԾǣÿͷһСŲɫ壬һֱŸԵĻ塣
֪Ӧþ棬ȥʱ̲ȫǰ͸Ļ壬ͷƮŵŲɫȻ̲ͬһƬǺӡ
Ჽ̲žԽԽЩͷĲţȻҲЩɫİ͸СˡֻŲͬɫĲϸĻͷ֫ߵ
ԣ֪ɵı壬ͷ꣬λߵǡ
Щ屾һߣľٶۣתͷǰеķ򣬿ԶһʯţںϣǾʹȥӶ档
Ҫջߣ徹ȻϲţǱһ͸ס
ǻЩãȻվûܿͱ強Ųߡ
Ӧñδˣ岻ǰȥͶֻӱε뵽״ʱҲӦĴεһϽתź෴ķȥ
ǰѽظԶҲΪ˺ͻͬİ͸״ЩʱǶŵһԣʲôˮޡ
ף˺ͻ徿ǲͬģܸо
ǰֳֺͬһЩĻ壬ǵŷΣͷŲɫ壬һϸȥ
һֱţǰߣֱһƬ̲ٸ嶼Ҳûҵס
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ףȥĶ㾿ȥĶ
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ϢΧǿת˰ȦҲתһ˲ͻȻѸݵشӷȥ˶˸š
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Ѳ۾ͷ
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СȻŵؿֻצһţŵ档Ȼë֮ϸڣȴܴǴһȦ̬ϣʱëѾը
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׾ŵǰܣȴûͷûԵسӣ˫̤ˮУˮȫǰ׹ǵֱۣסĽ
Ҳ׷˹סϣǼ׹ǵܴץס׵Ľɣں￪ʼӿˣȻãƮںϡ
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Сͷϵֻ͸Сƴȫʰ͸״͸忴棬ֻжͷظϸһ
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85¡һһ
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Ѿ֪˴𰸣վƹ裬һҾһһصֻҪҪֻҪУƾȥ

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ǻأǸòΪȥ˵ظһȦǾ˰ɡ



86¡
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пһƬ貵ǿ, ǹĿҰٵĳڲݵϣ׵Щ޵Ĺ¡
紵, Ѿͽƾɵ, ʵʵ˵ܵܣȥ˰, ˡ
شСϣѽڱϣҹĻµ˼米, ȴȵ, д˳Сߡ
ԴһЩԼ, һȺСΧЦ, ɵӡŲӵͷ, ҴܻؼҺ, Ժ죺Ҳɵ, ǲɵӡ
, ߳£ΪʲôҪ, ΪʲôҪַȥˣ˵һɵӡ
ûл, Ҳûоί, ֻﲻҪôѹͺˡ
Ѿ˵Լ, һ, ˮǰͷڸϴ, ýֺ, ̧ͷüĿӢ񼫾ᡣ
ɰǧĻƯججߣȴڿԶһʱͣ˽ŲĿնڿǻ˲䣬ƺ㱻ʲôϡ
ǻ嶫ѰʲôɢǲͬϢϢ뿿ȴִǿҵѹȸУͷЩ£֪ܵҪܿ㵽һ͵͵Ŀ
ǻȴץסˣ˵Ϣ־塣
ʼܣȴˮֱץ˻ȥУ˶ԷͷĲɫС˲Ͱˡ
ʵļƺһֻɫСֻǵʱС˺ۣϵĲҲ޹⣬ҪϨ
ʱԼĲɫССһʱС̧ͷͷСҲ˹ʡ

νʱ׵Ľë˲ۡ
˫Ư۾ɳξɴŲµ棬ȴֱǰ鶯ʡ
ɽȸܵһƴ磬ѩڳˮϪɽš
Ԫڵ۵СԺɹӡѩ̫࣬Ҳ¶ȣɹӵĺʱ
սӴϸϣĿʶƳſڣ˾Ͷ
ֻһپ£ɫȴЩ԰׵ĿСӣŰɫվſڣЦؿ
Ԫ̡׵΢Щ
Ԫŵ۾㶿Ƭ̺ˮӿ˳촽⶯Żӡ
Ԫ̡׵۾ҲˣСܲԪ
Ԫȴˣһ˲һ˲üëô죬㴩¾ߣԼõ̫𣿡
Ԫֱϵıϸһ߹׾ͽţȥƤ۴ϡ
׺ܿͱʵʵƤƤѥ磬ﴧŸů¯ӣЦվԺԪԼѡ
ԪһֱڱԹȴֲ̧ͣ۽ǵˮǸĥ˾ʱɰҸĥˣԺɵúúðϧ壬ҲˣɾڼΣЪţԺסźüȥ
ͻȻֽԪסʣµЩ˺ٽȥԪ̣֪ԺҲˣڲǽҪǲģٽƤҲϡ
Ԫļ磬֪ͺá
ֱʵԪ̣أ
ԪһǿæأɽˡúסȻɽ㡣
һֱʣǲ̫ã
ԪʶͲ̫ˣ㻹Ҫһ졣
䣬ױ㳤˿Ҳͺã˵ûд󰭣ֻҪС
Ԫһ㶣ʣĶ
°˵𣿱ѾɽˡϾæкܶҪ졣Ԫ֧֧ᣬĿȴʶƳߡ
֪ȥ׵
ԪתȥƫԺЩزվԭء
󣬿ƺǰûʲô𣬵־Ķһˡ
Ķһأ
Ԫãͷ
̤ƫԺбŵһҩ㣬ͳɽһ𣬾Ȼĺš
ɽƺɽҪ磬ԺǵһѾ֦֮¶ǳɫĻ
µ͸򿪵ĴԿ߸һΣб档ԱߵС¯ϼһҩҩ
׵ĽŲۣӡ
ӿ׺ĬĬؽ´һҲûгָָָֻ̧Ȼбеƣֱ۾
ײʶӣֱӿţҿ£ֽݡ
ӭŴ󴲣һθߴˣɫ԰ȴӢ
ڿĵһʱ߾ϣҲŲ˷ֺ
վſڣҲ֪˶ãһڴ
ʱ⾲ţ׾һ˲˲ؿųѣƽţѣͦεıı
ȥ
ѵĴ΢ȴŵҩ㡣ͣƬ̧̺ͷĿϡ
磬ʱ򣬿ӻˣȻˣҾʹȥԺӻ
㻹ǵСʱһӻժȵˣѡĸҳԡ˵г۵𣬵³棬ժһȥõһڵۣʣºõĵطҳԡ
ʱʲôǲס˵ǲסûйϵֻҪҾС˵ҪԶһҳ󣬻ҸǷӣȢϱӣúӽ󲮡
ûҳԺҲῴȢϱҲûкҪ󲮡
Ѵڱ֣ǹǽڷֱףҪΪҵϱҲԶһ𡣡
֪Ȼѹ󣬿ܻһҲ˸ɵӡɵĻʲôأҪ𣿻Ҫȥˣѩ𣿡
׵۾ˮ⣬ֵͷǵˮڳѵֱϣһιˣѩҵĸΣҪʲôҶ㡣
ڳǰĵϤϢˣÿ꣬ǾͻһΣһɵӡܲչ㣬ҲչңһǣԷɵӡ
Ϣ˳ѵĵ£ʪһƬȴ̧ͷֻֽػסļͷ
ʱͻȻоͷһֻ֣ůأظķ
ͷһٿ̧ͷģ˫˵ۡ
㶵ף¶һǳЦüŵǸСɵӡ
磬硭״ص
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ͳſϵףоǻ𶯣ŷӦæ˲ȥϵˮϲʣˣ
һֱšѵɺСȴǳ
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΢ЦŵҲɵ
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˵ִǰûͷûԵڳǣԼϵˮȥҵƯϾû˱
Ѿôţ׼еǣȵֱ΢Цż治ɵ
׻Ҫ˵ʲôȴѴϣȻһһǻ˻ȥҵĻѾȫˡ
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ġǰҾʹ֢ĻǣҲС޲ҵĻǡֻûĶƣĶЩҸоʹ
ѷס֣ףӵҵĻѾ޸ãԲŸҽСڰ룬
ס죬᲻ܿƵӿ۾ȴЦ״
Ѷֽڻһסļ磬һȥϵᡣ
ˡЩơ
׳ҭŵ㲻ÿޣģҾǣǸ˵ᡣ
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ɿͷ°̧ͷĴ
ֻǳֹʱ巢ҲźΡ
ñǼĥ䣬Ƭ̺ૣлл㣬Сӡ
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˻࿴ţͬʱЦ
ղŵĻҲˣ˵˵
ʲôѾǵָʲôֻӦС
ЦȥһԵҳԵ㶫һȥӻ
ţá
Ԫ˽ּɫ˳ȥ׽Сĵط˸ͷţԼˮҨһӣ͵˳ѵߡ
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Ѷ£ֵʵǰÿοϸʵĳԶҶ㡣
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ȡǺ۰ɣһᡣ
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ѽͷϵһƷ˿ӿСɵĶҲǲˣӦҲۡ
΢Ц׽ѵֱ۴Լϣߡ
ߵúһһظ׵Ժ
紺ķ΢д£һڣԵֱӴˣ
תͷӣЦЦʦ֣Ҳľ˾ˡ
´ӣûֵϱҲκõġ
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ӵˣҪ£Ҹ𡣡
ôҹĵۣӵϡãҲⲻһ硣ޱص
˵ֻСӣԲͷԲԵģôͺĸһˣ첻
׻Ҫ죬ѳ˳ֱۣͷ°Ͳˡ
ĪҪΪáѵοҲûҪ˾˳ڻ֪һ⾰
֪˵뵽ǳգǳѵĻûгã;ʧôھͲˣ㻹µؾ졣
ȥ˾˵ǸֵСӣͨСӡ
ҲԼ񣬱ߵߣָľͷţ˾˶Բ𡣡
Ҷ䱳塣ӵ
Щ˾˶Բ֪ΪҺã̫ĸˣͶ󺰴СʵҪǾ˾ˣҺ͸ڶ֪ôҲʶֻ֣ıӣ˾˲С˹ԭһΡ
һǵһμŽʶֱֽ׳ġббƳһۣ˵
ױؽϰ̽˴
Ӵֳס˻ΣˣһǶǰһ档ʱ㻹ûпӳҲģİﱧɽ˵СҪʦһ档
ָ¿ӵĳȡ
ϵɴҿʱһΪǸӤ̽ͷһֻ󣬳һëġҳûע⣬ָͷУȻͱָͷƵýζ﷢ֺ׷Ҵ򡣡
̲סЦӿҲЦˡ
ƾðľ˾ˣױûʲôоͻȻ;֮׽
˾ˣԲ𡣡һεǸ
ͷ޷˾֪һʱ鼱ϱû£ǰǺ廹ڡֻҪվʾѾƿ壬ٵվͻָˡ
׻صߣ칦Сӣ۾ؿѹ˹ǣȥɿ״£С
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87¡Ժ׼
˿ʼڵ۱ԺĵԪԭһ̽˵, ˶࿴ŷպõ̶ɽ
ǼҪʵ, Ҫӷ, ֻèڵԵѩһжͲ
Ҳ׼׺ͳͬԺױΪǳʱ뵥һˣֱպӽе, ˵֮ǰԲ׼סͬһԺӣϱӹѾõò, ǿסһˡɽһԺ, ѾСͯɨ˳, ʺȥס

㰡ʲôѵ㻹ûϱͬӺɵ´, ܰ, Ѿ, Ҳ顣ǻع, ҵ, ĻҪ뷢ڡ
״˰˲, 鲻ͣãƬ̺, һ˫۾ʼƷ⡣
û, սЩ, ˾, Ǹ, ʵûƴ
ʲô
һͬ
Ŷ
۾ЩƮԡ
, ȥɽԺءļ磬úϱúöȹڡ
ЩŴ˼ЦЦ˾ˣҲṼġ
ӰڰԺߣ˼ֻͷʣ˵ǱӱȽϿ죬ǲģ
ȽϿ죿ײͷ룬ǱȽϿ죬Ƿǳ졣
һƵģñȽϿ˵̫ǡ
ӳζЦЦû£Ҳ޷ʤڴࡣ
ף
˵ͷҲصˣʣһǶĥ
ѵȷָܿ죬⼸׳˵ۣɽ˸顣
ɽһɽڣֲŴССĶߣ׾ʱͻȻ߾ϸСڶૣͬǴΪԼҪˣɽһ¡
ĳͷ𣬲˭ҲͻȻЩɽ塣
鱪һĹأÿһֻ鱪ʱЩɽȴʱ̵١
ЩУƺϳᣬͻǼеһ٣ȴΪ˯˺ȥЩۼĸо
ůѹ
ͻȻ˵ϣǴɽڸߵͷȻûгѯʣһ˼Ҳˣһ۰ڣŹԱߡ
׽ͷڵϣԳѵѩ˷ģһúչס
ſŵ䣬ڵϽһСʪۣѾɵˣԲ𡣡
⴦ɽǰվ˺ܾòߣһɽ紵³ѶţȥҪѽְס
ԼžͺãҲ䡣
˵ոմһ廹ţɲ
ѣҶôЩ죬ͻָˡ
׼֣ȴϵϵϣ˵Ӳ̫ãҲôЩ죬ҪúýһʱղС
̧ʣ𣿡
ûлشֻ΢Ц˺˹ָ
һ¾ȥƻӳȭͷûʲôȭͷ㱻סּٴαסü
е׹ɵص
ųһȥ˫ȷֺϣĽżסʹνţѵȾͭˮɵڵϣôҲֺܺ
ֻ֣״ŴžˣݵһȭһȭЩȭͷձǱ̧ס
һγǰʱȻͻȻֳסͷֻڿͽ͵˼Ȧȴܹˡ
һеģ۾ϷʵĹ⣬һʱ߳ŭȻôѩ
ѩǳ걪С̬޳ýüһĨ޵ĺ졣һϣŴҧסļ
Ҳûзôɣ۴Цؿ
ͷĥĥִӺ﷢һƵĵͺת͵͵

²£
ЦͷѩüĵǶףҴ򲻹㡣
һ󣬻صʱڵһƷѾˣϵı졣
ܵܣô°ͷӶûˡסΨһһСͯҲӵ״ӡ
ʦ˵ᵽԺȥסСͯ˾תˡ
˵Ҫ飬ȥԺӺϱصĻﲻһ͵͵ƳԱߵĳѡ
û·ϣȻǰȥԺӣǱȻĵǣߣ߰ɣȥԺס
ֿףΪʲôô죿
ûػֻסͷЦѱֻƸСɵˡ
Ժ۲ԶһƬġ˻ûԺ㿴ӰԺǽϴȥﻹű쾻ͰһƷȴǼƽټĽ
ЩЩţϾӼǾ͸ˣƽֻ֦ܲͷ׺ͳѣŷģµкַȥذƷ
˽Ժ׷Ժӵľ³̶ȣԶ󣬾ͺ֮ǰѴסĻй࣬ҲйɴƯȣԺҲһðȪ
ۣúÿ׷ȥôǰһɴ㿴϶ɴǷۺɫأҺϲ
ѿЩǽõģµʲôǲ˳顣
ѾһſĴܴŷۺɫɴᣣ㼸ȥ˵ϣط
˹ڴϿͣ·ڴϣ΢΢ʵ磬֪˾ΪʲôҪס𣿡
ҲȥһָĦ͵͵صҲ֪ҡ
ȵϢ׶࣬Ӷоһ飬Щ˵ڵĻͻȻЩڳˡ
ҡ׺˵˼֡
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¶ļһۺ죬̧Ƴ˳һۣˮ٣ó￪ʼ¶
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ʲôĵ׷ʣûаֲͷֽ̧뻳QҪһ˵Ҳ塣
ڲɵˣЩͲ̫˼˵ڡ׺ԳԵЦ
ԵԼɵšѵ
׽ǰ˵ǲУҲŲ뵱Լɵš
ѴĴָļҲżְƣ͵Ǹɵӣʲô˵Ҳ
ðɡ˿Ȼ̫صϾҪˣƾ⼸գԣǽ׼Ҷ
ȻȫҲٳɵһ棬涮ЩĹϡ
¶Ķ죬һֻȴ̽˳ץסѵƣԼ̽Ҳԣھ
׳˼³ѵ֣ûг̧ͷϿǰȴкӰ£걻һŹĴסǻӯȫǳѵϢ
ݹر˿ͷ˱ʱѾûκ뷨ֻžը̻
ˮ˺ܾòŽ׿ڳѱ䣬ղȱϢУؿھţȻһѣΣƺҲ΢΢ΧȥЩС
̧ͷŻеˣ촽΢΢ţձߢõ廨ꡣ
Ƭ̺ٴθͷΪҪղԼȻ촽ЩۣȴҲϵؾ졣
˭֪ѸͷֻǺͷ֣ǼűǼ⡣
ڿɾǴģŬƽԼϢƬ̺ŵˣ´ټ
Ҫ´һвУ׵ųβ
ҪóѼ޷мܣֹͣ˰˲洫ĽŲڻֻ׵ϣ˺üκɿ˴ߵ鰸
жûдˣЩѧǲǶˣдҿ
һҲʧ٣еѾɵˣѵҪѧ𣿡
ѵΪ㲻ɵˣԲҪѧ֡
״еȻɵ˲Ҫѧ֣ɵʱΪʲôҲҪѧҲǿ𣿡
˵ɵɵֶҪѧ˶ֵСʱʶ֣ҲڿĲӣԼһһǶ˳ȥ
׶ʱԶԡ
ʶǱʦŲϵ֣ʱֻŲϵͼΪǵľ巨ӣԼĻǸ˳ȥ
ƼЩȻҲˣӴϷ߹ȥݺ˿ڳѵ˵ĸαѹ㡣дˣҸдǰװףףѩ׶д㿴
תͷĿЦЦЩһһʱѧ֣ܲȬˣֻдǼɣ
ҧҧָԺÿѧ֡
ѻҡͷ
ſơ
ޱؿ
𾪵ѲɻҪѧʮ֣
ѽ鰸ϵļᶪ⼸ֶҪܶдܱ
֣ǼứĿעǰ磬㻹ǵǸɵвУ
Уղ˵˲뵱Լɵšӿʼĥī
ˣҾͼɵӺòã
áصȰ֮ǰдһ飬µĻûѧɵˡ
ֻò鲻Ըȥñʣǰ㣬£ڻһд
ΪʲôֻǻȦģʡ
֪ǸôдȻһдȦҲа
дֲܹ֪ôдˣá
Ѹݻͷһ¡
ѵĻסƬ̺Щȵؼ˵ֻʶá
Ĵ⻹¡
ڲֱ۽عڻһֻƻסĺײ׼ƿǿƵؼǡ
У׺ص硭ҡһҪ֡
ˡѼ̵³֡
һ߻Ӧųѵǣһ߽Ա鰸ϵĲ鰸·ĳ

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88¡˵㻰
û˵, ҹʱ˷ڡ
ѱѺ󣬲׵쳣, ͬϴǰɰκ, ײò磽⣬ܣйƵ˳ֱ¡
ǲ𣿡Ȼȥƽʱ죬΢΢ŴϢ
СţǲСűŲ, Լ̵ҪʼˣԽԽ, , ô, ô졭
ģȥѵ, ƤȻһ̡
ѿʹģ, ¹, ɤʣһַʽòã
ŵͷá
ٴ, ظ, Ƭ̺´, ȥԡûһࡣ
߽߱Լµۣ̿ĿʼնŴϵס
ױͷĻ, ʹѵ, ȴҲøĿƽ̫һ, ʱӿһ־Ҫ޲ʳĸоһֶı, ʶЩη, ͷ
Ѿǰ, ˫ֽסŽѹƣûư硣
Ҫȥ𣿡ʡ
ԥ£һߺţһȻûлش𣬶Ѵ˴𰸡
ѱ˱ۣðɣ¡
ȹ̵Ϣ֣͵ʹ׶˲壬Ҳûи뷨


Ƭ̺һҽ𣬽ȼߴ׳ˣֻһֳվڴߡ
ԭŵͻȻڴϱº󣬱һֻѩ׵ı
ѩֻצӰں󷽣﷢໵ĲҽӴͷĵβ걪ֱҿǴ󴲽ʵŲڱĿ塣
תͷšȥԼ档
վڴߣؿɫŹΡ
ѩһֻצӲסߵβͣƴŤͷ󷽣һߵؿѣίؼţƿӣɿһꡣ
ѶűӾĬƬ̧̺ƿŵĴѩӵ
໣ѩһ
䣡
ѱ˿˵
໣
䲻䣡ǲ䣡
ѽѩɵشᱧڻѩ˲ɸȫꡣ
ȫƤź죬۾һˮǳ
£һСЩۡΪƣ۾͸죬ȴǼµᡣ
ɨΰ壬۾һĨţţȴֱۣӽ§ס
һֱֻӿͷףСؽ˷Żشϡ
ΪԼкˮ˳żĹֻ䣬΢طŲ
ڣɳƵǱ˸ˣ¡
㣬СЩ
֪꣬
𱻴ϨʣµĻֻϸĿԼᵽµİ
ӣƺǰûʲôͬ罺ᣬԷ˯дֻһ𣬵Щطǰͬˡ
׵д֣͵͵˵Żһױתͷȥٴȥǣžһ𣬹ϴ˾͹ȥһա
Ҳˣְֽ̻׿ųѹǽڷָ̲ס£˾Ͳ֪ʱ鰸أһĻֽء
Ԫﰵص㲦ףűһͨ˲֪ҲҪϧ壬ܿӡ
ЩźϲͳѺԪ˵ûҲֻܽⰮûһǱһλúɷнµȰ磬㲻ˣ岻ãӻġ
Ϣȵҵġ
ûС
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ֻ˳ʱʱңҲܲ˵ģȷû˾סջ󡣶ԲԺҲˡ
̧ͷ͸Σգӿ
ҡͷոյЩҪôӿ
ֻѣ˵ӿϽֺõؽ͡
ȴô࣬ѹҧгݵصҾƷƷӵ׿
ûУҲǡ
һγٽдʱϢذֻרעƯϣתͷȥƳѣס
ֻƬ̺һֻбִ½̽룬ļ̲סתͷȥ鵭дֲֻ֣Ƶġ
ôңƺһ˿Ǵ
׿˵պЩīĶģרд֡
ίίתͷдֻֻ֣ҵ֣һҲͣƵ͸Ĵһѻ̲ס೤壬ŲΡΡβ
ֶֻסˣ½ȡ°ͣͷ
ѾӸ¿ʪۣصҡ
û
һ仰û˵ͻȻڿأֱ˴󴲣ʣµĻҲǳȵĴ˺
֮ǰԪ˵պأʲôĺء
ѾڲᾩǺͳeײ£ҲᣬֻûЩ¡
˾סԺҲѴˣԲڶûˡʳǳԼٳֻ֣Ҫ£ڴϵȷԡ
ż¶ûС
ͳѿ󣬺ǳһʱաķѾСԺס˼죬ĺ̽Ѿ٣ǹ͵òҲûˡ
ǳȴ˿ûмٵļ󣬷ԽԽԣܺʱεأڳԷҲؿžͽ
Щܲסˣ֪ԼͻͻȻѵĵ㣬ֻС
ڣںȳȥø뵽ĳЩ£ûзκֻؽӣĹң۾͵͵ȥ۲顣
۵ԽԽڳ¶Ϥģﰵһã׼ܡܳͱһʵĻȵĴҲ

ú󣬳ѽϢٵ״Ӵϱô࣬ž׳壬ԺȪ
ȪˮݹײŸоĴڡѿȪڣ˫ʵش̨ϣʱʱһڻףӢȫɢ㡣
磬ȥɡڻع
ȥĶ
ĶԣȥɽɢҶ㡣תͷӣϸϸص
ֻҪ͸絥Ժˡ
ۿź죬Сͦıӳ˳飬óĿһϵȫǺۼҲԸ۸ֻ̫ˮ¶ļͷ
ãǾͳԺӡѴӦ
׸˵ٿֱ壬תųѣһ˫۶Ц
ر׳ؿǵץ˺ۣÿζСϧۡ
׼ȥǴվ죬;ؿͷһ飬ջؾϸߵ죬ָֻԼϰ˰ѹϵ˺ۡ
ֻ࣡
ɾˣҲֵطֱ֣ˡ
׼װ򶨵תӣ˸Ƿžǰһˣεȥ
һ·ˮŵϥǿҲܣֱںס
ɴȥתȴֳѸûʵؿڳرϣЦЦؿ
ڨڨЦҾΣΡ
šѵ˵ͷ
ҲٹϹһԵ룬һιؽ
ţݵûȣٳԵˬӣĲ߳ԱƵƵ̾
ױݣ⻰ҲŲˣ۾ǹ̡
һ𣿡
ЩɵĴ꣺ˣȻٳ԰ɡ
ֵصԾͽݰվʲô𣿡
ϱȪݳѾɢϻˮ飬ڸܵ⣬̲ס˸䣬Ҳ˲ϸܵļƤ
ȥɣһҲˡѴߵ
ݣ׷ˣЦ£˵ˣݻӣڲˡ
ûֻѡѡɾ״ӳεʱͻȻһ۽̵§ס
⧲ŵþѹ΢Цܰܡ
˵͵ͷסĴصؿߣ;ͻȻһһྣд֭ˮǻһӡ
öͷײ£ţڲŪ㡣
ɫڣ뵣ڳѻʱʱһιĸɹһͷϵǡ
¼žѩƬڵϵɳɳĳ֦ѩѹϣһ졣
תͷȥѵüһأ̲סʵ磬e£ʲô㣿
ʱ䣬ȻѾڲᾩǺͳe֪³綼Ҫڵ
һˮ׼ϣ˵ʵЩܶΣɽϣʲôʵҪǿö࣬ȻeҪɴͽʵø
⻰Ȼһ۾Ҳˣӳѻ
ȻãǱڹҲϲͳѹ
תͷڵΣףҲܽλøeھǵǻԷΪۣȴնɱ˺ܶˣֶζ̣޵ؽҲܽططʵۡ
ۼ¶ʧ䣬ͷͷ֣ǼĥӦ㣬λûһѡһʺϵĵѡȵºҾͺһ뿪ǣɽӡ
ͷӿһ鲻ԽڳѱǼҧһڣţǵʱɽס
˻űӣæÿֿǼѾǳǳӡ
Բ𡣡촽ıǼ⣬ϻʼҧӡ
°ͣ￴˵ҿǲڳôϰҧ˵ġ
е㲻˼˵ûгһˣһ˾Ͱҧ㡣
رڴϵʱÿν϶г˺ܶӡϻãס˿ֻʱʱҲУÿձ㶥Щӡȥ
ѳĬȻҲ뵽㣬ٿ׵Щ
׸оתӱά򶨣ѽɫˣţһȥϢһ
δ䣬ϱһ˱˳Ѽʵϡ
ûѣ㾪ŴУ˵㻰ղŻ˵ڲŪˡ
ղŵڲ£Ѿȥˡѵͷҧһ£׵Сȥֻ졣
Ѵ¶ȵ»Щʧ˿УֱҲ˳ѵĲ

*
лҪ˵
˴̧֣ʵֵֻ֣ġ



89¡
ڶ, ׸ѣѴһºվڴǰ, ʵ, Ҫɽ𣿡
ת߹ϴŵǵģٲɽĻ, ඨŵˡ
Ҷô
ѹ˴ҶôǰĨӡ
࣬˵⻰ʱȴգգ۾, ƽشչֹĵƤ׿ģ, ϲý, ȥ§, ݺ˼ڡ
, ȴ촩, ô, ˡ
˸, 뿪ɽص˽ȳǡ
ʱסɽϣЩǵˮ, ӷ飬Ҫաɽ㿪ʼæµ, ʹ, żҲȥ, ;һ, Щĳ, ֻص˳á
Ȼ˵ĿĶҪ¾, Ҳͳһֳ֡
һΧסǣΪ³ǣȵʳľʱɲսʤΧƱҲΧסǵİգʳĲп£֪
һսȡսپڽǴȻ˼İգʹʹܱҪǿο˥Ѫġ
ŴǵۣһЩĲɣü˼ţĳš
Ѵɽ󣬾ûɽʱôɣȥȸϹ䣬ûʲôʵȥһ¡
ѾȥȴȻûоôȴҲ
״żشߵ̯ЩƤӺ͸޽ǡ
ھһսʱԱߵ̯ǰŵһӰЩ죬̲סչȥͷһˡ
ĺѾҵ˴꣬ÿе£ڽĴ䣬ʱѡһֻ̺;Զ˸ˣȴȥһ̯ıֻ̺ơ
ĺббƳۣǸû꣬ģΣЦü䡣
ĺ£ҡϵı̺Сǿ
ѧЩˣֶ£Ͳﱧţüȵײײĺõļ磺㣬ҡ
ĺɻ´ֶĺЦ
ĺǾɲƬ̺Ȼ͵͵Ķӣӣ
˭ʡ
ŶǾͺǾͺáĺĨؿڣҪұҶϱ˽ӣҷҪȡ
׷Ӧ˵𣿡
۳ĺɫֱˣæģҲĶӣ׵أȻѾ￳ˡ
ĺã
ִսʣ벻뿴һȺ裬߰˸糪裿ֻ˸糪裬ֻ˸絯١
ĺûֻޱؿҲô㲻˵㿴裬˸糪ҲԾ𣿡
㡭ĺڻһ˫ǵ۾ȻָָףƤùˣ
׿Ǹµָ˵Ծأԭڿҵģˡ
ĺòΡΡĨ˰Ƭ̺Żع񣬵ⲻǴûۼҲã̫ȡ
Ѿָ򶨣´ʵѾҵˣ
׵ͷˡ
ĺʣǵõֿʱ˵һμǻô
Ⱦơ
ĺ׵֣ߣҸӺȾƣˣȥլӰɣլﱸ˺þơ
ָݣе΢ױţһȥ˽
꽫ںͳ£ûڸĺýֱӴȥԺ鷿˶ߣźȾơ
ĺòҪ¾Ʋˣ˲ںȾƣڸСӣôͬŵľˮҲߡ׾Ϳͷ˿ľذ塢Ӻ˺ܶСֽ򿪺װŲ϶׸֮¾Ʋˡ
ˡ
ĺúˣҲһһƾȸɣֻһ˳ź
¾ƱԼͷ
ĺЦÿָûȹơ
ײһڸˣֻССڵਣĺҲ⣬Լࡣ
񫡣ĺÿ׸ֻ̾˵鱪ҲΣ뾹һ
׽һܲɣʵ˾ƺɴҳȥ棿
ʲôĺʡ
ȥУϷ԰Ϸɡ׵
ĺҡͷǰ֮أڲŷЩ˵ģȵǾǡο캮ضģҵõСȻҪܸǲϹͷѾ߲ˡ
¶ʧ֮ɫĺһ˼⣬ѹɤҿԸ㿴һС
ʲôÿģֲܶ黭ֻϲ٣ʣͷۡرͼǶԻûȤ
ĺȴصһЦż㿴˾֪ˡ
¾ƱȥľǰͳԿ׿ҲܻףֱӴϵһ񣬴ȡһᡣ
չǰģֻڲУ׳˶ͷ΢΢ϣƺҪ˳ȥ˺ҧĺýתʱǻϵֻҲƶͬһ㡣
ͫȻⲻǡⲻͼ𣿡
Ϲ˵ʲôأСûʶĺô룺ϷʱĴһҩӴѧļգô
׵ԣǸͼ˻ġ
ĺõֻ⻭ļѾʧȴ֪֮£ϷҲѧžգֻǴӦˣԻıƣҲչʾ˿Ծ㻭֮ҲֻܶͣҵӶ֪
˿ף˵㲻ˣǱӣȻ㿴ˣȴҲûΥչʾ˿һ㡣
׾˵úе㸽͵ͷ
ĺûŻȴչʾƽȻȴҲûţ׿Ļɴཫڹеʣһѻᶼ˳
ҵЩھǻᱻ˷֣Ҳһ˱㿴쿴һһϸ
Щ½չ׿ڷҡҷĺɻ̺ҶϹˮ飬·߲ʵĹâСèɹ̫ظһһɹƮһų
ۣۣˡ۾⣬𺳵һֱ̾
ս˿ȴ±뻭У㽫ǰ죬ȴš
ǸҪͺúÿĺò
ֻܽͣͼȥԿֻᶯĻͷ
ͼĺü
ԣ˻ҷ˺ܴľųȻһֱ档
˼ǰ࣬ûнҲ˵
֪ܰˣûı£ڻϷһǸͼǰ֮ɼղأʱֻֻĻûм뷨ôܽȥأ
׽ͣ˵ĻڻǸһֽ
ĺó˼Ƭ̣һֵˣǸһʩ͸ֽ
ԣӦþ׵ͷ
˵ҽЩֻĳַΪϣǽǷʹڻϣγĳַ󡣲ʱδϸ˵ԾʲôҲôһ˵Ҿˡ
ĺָԼǼ֪ǷֻʩôÿԼĿռ䣬γһܽķ󡣡
Ӱסָµص˵ֻУȻпŻ֣ͷռ˰ֽǵǶ󰡡ҿɲԸⱻȥСɽƵֻС
ĺЦЦ⻭ûзȥġ
Ƴһۣ״ƲʣܸЩϷ𣿡
ĺҡͷʵЩҪѣõϣʱһСӾˡֻһͨˣѧ֮Ѿƽѵõˣλʹ÷
֪˭ʹַ𣿡
ĺûлشֻϵĻãױһЩᱧذغùţ
˻صԣ׸ĺһƣٸԼƱүүⱭлڱѩһΣҶ֪ܼܲʱϵ
Ǳƹ죬ᶼۿתͷ»ȴҲסû¶ϣ۾ֻĺá
ĺĬضƣһٽվƱϡ
ָ˵ľƱ˫־ٱⱭлһ಼棬ҽϵĺ̿𿾸ɣҪùǺ
˵һƶ˶ǡûס˸¡
ĺЩȣһ಼棬һ̿ҲҪһ
úȣ˵ֵһᣬҵɾʹˡ֣ص
ĺõУǾͺȡ
ȵĺúֽ꣬Ʊϣϸҳ뷹ζһǵãüŵģ㡣
Աһͷ϶ѹζ
ĺã
ѾźΣڸ˵ľƱƣĺȥסƱˣƿǱ߾Ҿƣԣܺȶˡ
ȴȥƱĺһ˼ңôݣһ±㱻ߣ˱
һҳŹǣһŹһҸˡ
ǵڶŹǣŶԣڶŹǵľơ
ĿŹǣ˴ˣڣŹǣˡ
ĺÿףεʣ㻹ҪȶٱҲõСǱ߾˹õĴܲһȹɣ
ͷѾЩˣ۾ҲֱȴɵУҳٿƶңȫҪȵģһһŵĺȡ
ƶȫҪȣĺʡ
׽ϣԣȫҪȣ
ĺÿƣǾ߶ЩԲȣһЩϡƺˣҡҡλεȥǽǲؾƵĽþ̳
ˣˡĺͻȻ
Ҫȥ̳Աûмת
ĺûпֻǰĲ̣Сӣ˼Ҳսϼ㣬֪㵱ҪҵǱ¡
׽Ųȵߵĺǰ£͸ϥϣͷ
ĺķ⻭ȥһ׮£ȴҸղ˵ӦˣὫЩչʾˣ֪ĺŵӦй˵Ļ㲻ΥԲҪøԼƵķҶԲ
۾ͨ죬ĺò
һһĹƣӦУǲǾҪһֱȥ
׳ٻҡҡͷϡ鱪϶϶Ҽȵģȣô졣鱪һ壬塣
٣ıӡ
ĺ̾˿ʣȻ֪ҪʲôӦΪ˱£Ϊ˴طǲǣ
ſĺϥϣ˵ѹ˯ãԲãңҺۣڽϣڽϿûСӣǣǺÿ
ױ۾ƾѬͨ죬۽ȴһˮ飺ûûСӣܣĵģǣǰᣬҲܺõġ
ĺóĬƬ̺ŵ˲һҲҸʩķӡ
ٿ̧ͷ۾ȻܶԽȴþˡ
Ҫһʲô˵ɣȷʵͨˣȻ֪ȴʹȥѰһǿˣҽӴڸ
ĺó˿˲׼ûıȡҲ׼չʾˡȻûΪԼıΪ˴طɽҲֻΥԼŵˡ˰ˣԺ˾Ȫ£ҪңҲֻδ
үүǸҪǸҴ㣬Ҿӻ
׾֣𼸸ָźϣ״
ĺһԭΪ˼ҲֻƻСӡ˵ĿηҲŲãƭҵĻ
ŵãŵõģǣǺñӡ
˵仰һĺøϽססȴ˳ŲֻðС
ǼһֱףʱվⲻԶ˽׷ס
Ѻͳ飬ص˺Ժڣûڷȥ԰һȦûˡ
ԺſȴһѭȥŸ²ʡ˽Ȼֺͷһξס
ѶʱͷһȵôˣžһԾ嵽ߣ̧ȥ
£幫ˡһص
̧׵һ죬ҲŨصľȷǺģŷģû̶˲䣬亹Ѿıʪ͸



90¡ǵļƲ
Ժ, Լ˯ڴϣֱۺڻ, ˯졣
˶, Ҳۣʵˣ𣿡
ŸʱɳƵͳ׶飬, һֱֻ̽Ѱ볨½ڣʵظǽʵš
ѽץס, ̧ͷ, ʹпųڵ, ԭǲܵ, , Ҿͻܡ
ɿ, ȴס°, ϲŭصͦ, Ⱦˣȵ, Ƶı
ײƽòﷴ, æƻүүȾƵ, ֮ǰǴ, ٷֱʱҪ, ֻʱȾ, ǼŵοҲȵ, Ǿֻֿ࣬ȡ
ŶѵȻĴҾͳˣͬһΡ
ǿɲСż
ΪʲôУ
йðɣʵֻźһԼƺ
ûֻԼͲĺãĺĸ׶ֻ֪ǹڿԼ
滵ֻƻıϱҪͷ㡣ҧг״ּ̽ؿڣҪͷ
ţ˿ްƤļ֡
ȴٴץס˵һɾƳζȥϴ衣
׸Ͻֱ̧Լҳ𣿻᲻᲻ǾƳǱζ
ȻûżԼбζҲ֪ԼζбԼŲҲǿܵġ
Ѿᱧԡͷ᣺ţȻйɱ
һ½µء
𶯡Ѽţйɵ㣬رһž֪ζǿ϶ı
ЦǲŲǱ
ģȥƳϴǱסˡ
ԡ˶ݽԡͰ趹Ĩȥ⻬ţȴָץס˱ԡͰߡ
ֻǸˣÿ춼ŪΣҲˡ
׾ԼֻӣӦҲЩԲ㲢õԡͰѹýģһҧ˲䴫ȫʱȥ

úȫſڴϣøӲʪ
ΪʲôҪϺôƣʡ
°͸ֱϣ˼Ƭ̺ʵϺȾԵɵġ
Ŷ˵
׷˸ѱŸӿ³ֱۣʱһֱΪ·Բ˯ãҲ֪࣬ж𣿡
ѹ˹ǣϵһͷԱߣ㵣ˡ
ֵʵ֪ȥǣǴ򲻹ģǲ˵Щա
ѳĬһ˲һսкܶ޹˼ʧοЩʿǿΪطĽ߾ղܴ˵Ľǲɥյͬ۵¡
ףҲף֪㲻ȥڱ߾סЩˡָϳѵգĦǲεۣҲ֪ÿ˶룬ЩȻϲ˵ȴڹ㣬ûдǴؾǡ
ѿЦӦǸûõľɡ
˵ˡųѵ۾Ź⣬治аĽͳݡ
û˭ʺطľǶϲ㣬⼸ճţȫǶǾڴطԺΪı£Уǵļ԰
ѵ֣ףȻұǶϲ㣬ϲòˡ
ѱĻͶȡˣʧ¶һĨЦ
Ȼôϲ㣬ҾΪʲô̧ͷ磬㻹ǵͼ𣿡
ǵáѵͷ
һ𱻾ͼҲͼ﷢׾С׵£ô᲻ǵá
׽һЦȻܸͼҲԻһ
һӦ˲˽סˣף˼
׵Ҳửͼ
ʵȥ߾̣λͻ˸һ˯ѣ־Ѿǽ䱸ɭϣطƺҲ˸졣
һһڣʱʿѲ飬쳣ΪǾ¥̸۹µˣᱻץһʱΣܽƤӣֻؼҹźŸ͵͵ۡ
ٽţҲӰ첻˾ǰңӱĻؼӵܱڼպڰ಻סģµĽƣִһ֡
¥ҵպӭ﹫ү֪Цӭ¥ϰӡ
ƽĴƾʲôӣҵĹ֪ͽǴӺ󣬲ָŸڰʡ
֪͵ͷؽͣѾпˣλӶԲסӺʹһСûġ
ƨӿԿǺӣӶԳȥǴ֣㵱ǼúŪ
ŭȵһƿԱߴӵţһˣ鲻ƵؿԼģҲſڡ
λӣǼҪˣƲȥӡӻͳһһ
ûֽӣڵϣµµתȵĿͽӸǰҰ
ӣ
ſڵļӸ
ŵһŭȴҲûзһưصǻղԴӡ
ղδصľӸeھһʱͷӸȻǸ߹ӵܣҲţȴҲҺͳԣһʱ
Щ˵䣬ȴԳɼҵĹӳ˳ס˶죬ϽԱߵӡ
ˣЩһʶõԸۡ
˳֪ȥ֪ͨϾƲˣƵľȲҪˣ֪֪Ҫ˵£㶮µ˳ȥغš
˺ˣҵµһҷ͵͵ȡ˳Ȼ˳ļ硣
ȴ̲סʣʲôǾүʲôûɱЩѰɫֻЩûмʶķǵұ
ӲԱߴŵĳԴɫֱ䣬սв豭
֪ЩǵĹӸƲ𷪵صˣӣڷһӦ˹άʱܹҲȺӸʹ޲ȥһ١
˳ǶһЦֻǽߵļ͹ǼͽнŵƤͲ򿪣ȡһᡣ
ҶԻɲȤȻ
˳Ҳչ۵ʱһʱھĬûһٷ
һ羰ֻͨͨһƬӣԶǺ׺ǵĺҶһźɫŮںߣԶ
ĹתҶҲڶˮŮӵҲƮзھûһж˹
ڵ˶ϢţֱһײΣžˣγѵط̾
˵Ļɣһʵ
˳ǵԣĻ࣬ҵԵɺϵõġ
ôԵɺϷ۵ʡ
˳ǵҵǰЩȥһ˻ֻǧӣͽһͽˣռ˱ˣӾߣҵڡ
һӣȻֵطƧҲûмʶȫЩϲ̨С
˳ЦмʶҵҲò˲ǣ
ͻȻһˤ죬ˤӵķҲһ߿ſվŭڵˣǴӵĳԴԡ
ȵ
ԴԶ죬׼˾ͳ˹ȥһѾס죬žһȭ£ЩҲӿš
һ򣬴ϵĻƿ󺰵ղүҵɱԴҪɱ
ڶǸ߹ټҵĹӣҲˣȻųԴԵķâʵĸۼѪͷҲ˲óԴǲķӣĨȥ
һ۵죬¥ЩŵСʹѶӱվŵĵʱҲ˽ݣ˶սһ
峿Ǭ¹
ټǬ¹ϳĳֻˣϡڳ࣬ųĴ󳼣ںһү
e߸ϣдŲͷλҴطŹ֮вΪһ˱˴꣬콫λӶϵǰдǱ㷣ʲôᣬ⿪ͺá
ûһ˳ǡԴ˱㵽˵ϣeߵվ
ϻ࣬һ飬Ϳ޿غֹʲôޣб£㽫ԭί˵ԻΪ
ĨᣬʼȥͻڵԴͻȻͳݴʱԴִʼΪԼ壬˵ûʲôֻЩ񣬲ȥѵǡ
˵ѣסǾͲ֣֪Ǳ˳Աߵ
ΪǸʼeᷳȴû¶ֺֻǸõ
ﱻչeȥںŮӵıӰʱɲǵͣµֲԾս
ȴûע⵽쳣۲ݣֱƬ̺eλӽʢͣᷢһЩСĦҲɣڹ磬λЯλһͬ磬⿪ɺã
ʹãʹáղүݵزλȴϽȴС£ײԴӣԭԣб𣬱ԴӽѵһͨҲӦõģһñ·ġ
⻰ŻǶղүe֮ʱҲԸƵϳӻֵǾô˵ˣ︰磬͵Ǿ̸֮¡ޱҲλģᣬͲˡ
ȵɢeغűȥ԰ɢģտţһСֹ
ʲôأeʡ
ص£ųϵǸ˳ʱȴû˴ߣ֪δ
eͷһĬƬ̺ȽǸ͵ȥ
ǡ
ʱһҾ¥ṫӡһϴ࣬Ǹճͳ˳ǣǶˣȴԴĶ
Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ȴţ棬ͳ˳һףܰɣλӵĶλҸ嵨岻ѡ
һɨ֮ǰĵɵǰֲö⻰˵ÿʲôҸ嵨ǼֳһϷˡ
˳Ҳ˵Ǽƽ̰棬ֵĿ˼ϽͬǴ£ҲҾġ£ǰֵæھΪطı֡
ӶЦǰǵ㻥࿴ߵ϶һЦҲơ

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91¡һһֱ
eʱ, Ǹ߹ȥôĴָˡ
ſС̫ӦŶ롣
㼸յơe
ǡ
С̫Ѹٵصյ, һ, յ÷á
ֿţҪһeֵ
С̫ཫյƷֿ԰񣬴ǰ鰸, ǽڵĵƼϸԷһյ
eȴǲģطԸЩƣҪһյϨĻ, Ҫϡ
ǡС̫ȥǽ, ֵͷվڵƼԡ
eԼͼֽ, Զ黭һĶǱܼ, ޷һֻҲûС
Ҳ, һֱй, ӳڻϵĹ߲, ôֻʩ, ҲܷЧá
ÿһ䶼ƻeǸ, ŻᣬںŮӵıӰ, һʱ
Ƭ, ֽ, ˺һϸ
ƺз紵, ŮӵƮ, ݵıӰޱȹµȡ
ϡe촽, Ϣһ֡
ŻŮӣĳֻ䣬ǹһ˿Ц˫ǱҲ˼顣
eؿŻǽһֱվС̫࣬ȴʱ̧ͷһ¶ڵƹ£мüĿ㣬Ȼ跻С̫˫ϲ
˫ϲЩţƳԱߵƼϵĵƻһ㿿ҪȥϨյƣȴ·ӻСѸٳ֣һȼŵĵоյƻϢϨˡ
eѸתͷ˫ϲѾؾصվã۾ҲضյƣţԼϨˡ
eæ첽ԵİﲻһյƣҲŴʯ
ūȥ𡣡
e˫ϲæҵȥôʯȴڵϣæȥ¼񣬽ʱ۵һײ˰ŵĵҲڵϣƻٿϨ
󵨣
eһŭȣ˫ϲٿ˫ϥأģūŸūŸūϾͽƵá
ˣڵȴûһ˫۾Ƴ˴Եյơ
e۾һУ¶ݵ飬忡˼˫ϲ֪ãҪȥeȴǰһ˫ֹסӡ
˫ϲʼƴȥⲱϵ֣ȴֺܺe˫ϲһɺת࣬ͷҲߣ졣
˫ȴյˤĵƣѵ߬ܲ˵ضŴߵ鰸ȥ
һڳ˺ڰe͵֣תͷȥ˫ϲڵϣڴڵغ
ֻϵǸڵϨ˲㷺ӯӯĹ⣬ɫɢ
eٹ˫ϲٿ˹ȥ뽫Ǹ䡣˻δǻͻȻʣӣھ磬鰸ϸõֽž
Ҳ˶̶һ˲ָֻ˺ڰֻڿտҲԭڵ˫ϲͳeѾˡ
ʱɽڣӱɰɵУ׺ͳվһԿ
һֱ״̬׵ȵ̫ã̲סȥӳģҪҪȵˮɾʱͻȻۣ˵Ѿ뻭ˡ
ϱվָڿпġָĵطռ俪ʼŤγһС
ѣְ̧üģֻһüĽ
ҸһЩԸıǸĳֻҪǻеһУáջ֣Գѵ˵ͷȥɡ
ѴУҪӽʱͻȻְ˳ٽתӣ鷳š
硭Ҳȥתǣó
ޱؿһ㡣
׻˵ʲôͼѾͷҲصУʧ
׼æȥҲҪ꣬ͼͻȻ̽ͷӸµؿ
ѵͷôڿУȥ
ء׼ٿޡ
ͷһֻ֣׵һΣҺˣƨƵģҪʲôԽ飬ٽæ
׿ųٴʧȴóóȻ꣬ȥײû뿪ڴץԼ
ڴߵϣ֣˾˺Ȳ衣
ߣ˵ɵȻٽȥˣ
׾ϲò˾ҽȥ
Ц˵ɵҲţôܷȥ
ײ˵ǰǰ۸ǰǸɵ¡
֪ʧԣɵӶǰἰЩڨڨ
£һԹؿŴ⣬Щʧ䣺Ȼң˵ɵӶ֣ΪǼңҲͱԼӡȻҪ۰ҵˣŲὫ˵Ĵ˵ڡ
æСӿɲûģ˾˻𣿡
׳˳ǣƽƽص۰ɡ
ӣ
׼૵ǸɵӣȥĶĻҲеģϾɵ͹ԹԴڼҡ
Уˡӷ²豭ĵصȻȥȻȥò
ٿתͷϵİԹһɨգ۾Цģ˿˿صҾ֪˾ˡ
ӵһͨܽˣȥ˺㣬Ҳܽȥ㡣
İɾ˾ˡ
eֻһ췭ظѣʧۣǰһƬɳء
ԭתһȦҰֻޱ߼ʵĻɳûκ˻ȷԼһƬɳĮС
зХžɳڵסҵͷؼһƬơ
eһн˼űվȵ˭˭õ󣿸ҳ
ûκλȴǰԶĵطʼŤγһתݵ͸С
e˰벽б߳һߴӰʧ˵Ҳ
ڿʱeͫＷ֣ѡ
һۣŷѩӢûʲô顣ӭϳeߣػص壬ղڻʹסÿɻϰߣ
e¶һЦʹܺãֻǱ߾ຮڱ߾
ûʲôı飺лģڱ߾ҲΪ̹رǽ˸ϳ߾ԾԵطԵպǼųڣҲ԰ͦأһûû˼ҷ硣
仰гeʹЦҲҲסɫ˲ҧѣλҵģǳĸףʹֶδߡһУҲǽҵĶûѡ
ڶԻûע⵽ԶĿֿʼŤγһСһӰ˹ع㵽һɳʧӰס
׸նɳ󣬱ԵСɳһҪӿɳһԴͷĻɳĪ£СģСĲġ
ϵɳϤʵ˫ϲ
ۣ˼׿ūŶɳϳҴط˫ϲʱҲѹƨ
װȥϵɳζˣ˴󹦡
ūŲҳй˫ϲɳ˳սūֻ跻Ĵ̫ࡣ
˸ĶҼǵã⴦ˣȥһ衣
л˫ϲϲʤ
Զ˻ڶԻ
ǰһ壬һЩţЩţҲĻҪȫȵ۲뽫λҸף봫㣬Ҹ׽ȵɱӶûλ
eɫʵѵ㲻ϳɱҸף߱ҵĻλʵ
Ŀ͸eĻɳȵʱʮ꣬Ҳ꣬һǵ״ңһȵ۵Ĵǰ׶ȵ۶ն
eٿһϢš
ȵ۶Ը˵eȻϻۣԸƫִ߼ˣøպտ㡣ø׽ھǣʳһ֣شȥ㻹ƽ˳һ
ҸױҲΪȵۻὫλ㣬û뵽һֱѭȵ۵Ķٰ۰谮мӣɲ㾹ȻһֱΪɱȵۣĻλ
˵һ룬eͲͷغںԣѣΪ˳߻λȻĻԡ
ûѡȻô˽ңӦҵΪˣҲֻƭ㡣ƽصο֮ĻλҸͲں
eЦһڿ˵ںȴҲʹֶΣ뷨У᲻λã
Ҫλ޿ɺǣ㲻úʹ˴Э飬ɱؽδֱ߾պͽʿΪ·eҲ᲻λãǲɵƿ¡
eҲȵôطعͳЩοʹ׳нİ취õλкĻ᣿ѣҵ㹥򾩳Ǳǣһս
˺һ֪Ҳȥ򾩳ǣø޹ȻҪһս⻭òս
䣬ΧͻȻǿ磬ϵĻɳ죬ػһƬûֵı߼ʡ
ЩɳûΣڳѺͳeҲ̶˲ϢĿĻɳڻɳˣֱ飬һۿߡ
ѵ۰ڷзȴվȲֻųeȵҸʮɳձ⻭зֳʤ
eÿסյһƷ˿ڣʤΪ߿ܣѣһǣԶλӮ߱ǴطĻʵۡ
ȻһΪ
һΪ
׺˫ϲһֱſɳ󣬴ҲҳȴǰɳͻȻڶɳͬʰɳʧԭضɳˡ
˫ϲŵһˣվԶһ㣬ҪǸ̡
һκͣ½ţڵϵ˫ϲƣҲ̫ԶˣԣһҪȥæġ
ȴʱ΢΢ͷ׷ӭߣһ˲ֶ̧£ڨڨɰ
ûת̧֣ĶͻȻɳγɵĳǽңңţȥֺ׳ۡ
ֻ۾һɿ仯һ˲Ѿڸ߸ߵĳǽϡ
ŲҲЩȣȴһֱηסͬʱѵվˡ
Լϳȥæͷվˣվˣվÿˡ
ƳһۣҪȥͳeսڳǽϿţôʮɳɱƬײ
˵⻰ʱü۷βסİһȴӢ
һֻۣǰĶϲЩĵĻҲȥȥ£ţһһֱ㣬

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92¡ʮɳ
ֻһ, һԵѾʧæӳǽϿȥɳǰ, һƥߴɳ, ֳַѩݣһϮ۵ĻɳзĿ
ԶǳeҲɳңңš
, Ҫսˣ¿
˫ϲҲڳ¥ϣ֪﷭ɳ, ڵض˵, ֵѽ, ϧûвҶ, Ȼһ, úͱµˡ
˼, ˾ſڶڴ, Ŀתؿųѡ
Զһ, صػصڻɳϿգžĺɱ, ɳǺȻֳɳγɵ, ɳγɵľ, ǵضǰӿȥ
׿ųһ, Źɳ, ӭ϶ĳeɻɫľײ, 첨, ɳӿųա
еɳ˲仯ΪɳɳĽؼֻʣһƬƣֲָֻ¡¡ս
ʲôȴҲ˫ϲһڳ¥Žţ˺ѷεغȫڸס
ɱɱǣɱ
ҵıģɱǣɱɱɱ
һ紵еɳߣƱ䵭Щǿսϵ龰ױɳۣһֱ࣬ȴŬһ߱ݵᣬһ߶ȥƣﻹͣ¡
ȺɳԷɳɳˣۣҵıҰˡ
˫ϲ㿴Ⱥɳ󣬿ûȦȦ´Ȼѳeɳˡ
˫ϲɻʣūſЩɳһģһܿóЩǱµıЩǳүı𣿡
׽ȻһģһҲ֣ܺΪʤЩɳ϶Ǳµġ
˫ϲȻ⻰ΪȻĸͣԴǵؼ̡
ɳγɸ󷨣ڳѺͳe³ƴɱɳУһɢĻɳ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ã׵ɤӶˣսֹͣɳ£Ұ
Էǽ£ѳֵվɳĳeֻʣԼɳŤŸ첲ڵϣͷɢţȥǱ
˫ϲʤˣ¹Ȼʤˡ
Ҿ֪ʤġֵ˵ϵɳ۾Ź⣬߰ɣȥ
ߡ˫ϲӦ
Էǽ£ѾӸ¿ųeˡ
eɳŤŸ첲ɳϣٿ̧ͷݵ߶ųѣʵô
ղҶ˶µĹأԶλ
ԶλeͻȻЦˣ¶ѩ׵ȮݣѣҲôõĻʵۣΪʲô棿
û˿֮ɫֻĿƽؿ
eֵʵ˵ˣ㲢棬Ҷ˭˭ӮὫǻ¡
ѲÿɷصҲɡ
eЦڿںλʵλÿòᡣ
ˣҵȷػλطֻǲὫط
ôˣҪ۵֮ι֮Ҳeһŭ
ҲΪ˻λϧ֮㶥ʹϽΪɥϧйᣬطˣɴɱҴط񡣳e㲻طʵۣ跻С̣ҲʺطĻʵۡ
ܵ˫ϲ
e͵ɳվǾĿԴ˭ܻţ˭ܴƽ뿪
׸ովȣͼeͻȻ¶飬ֻ½ڳһֵơ
ͻȻ𣬵¡¡죬ޱ߼ʵĻɳʧԳڵʯ档ؿʼʯϳѷ죬죬Щѷ쿪ʼǱ鲼֩¶·ڵĺɫҽ
òһѷߣѷʱһҡΡȻǰϽУ˼
eĳڷƮɣһ׵òƻˣȴشЦţ涥ڵߴӣΪһסңѣǾ͵ɡ
¡һ󣬽µ濪ʼ䣬ҽץųۣŵҿʣ磬Ǽٵİɣͺϴͼ￴Ǽٵİɣ
䣬˵˱ֲҽУģġ
eѾһҽӣ˸ĺڣһֻ޴ĺӥͣǰ
eԾϺӥȴҲûȥֻվӥϣҽϷ
ۼҽϸҪû棬׺վڲԶ˫ϲʼС
Ѻ׽µǰݵأҽѾӱԵ磬ѶǰһָǴҽһĺʯס׵ǰԾǿʯϡ
£ңȾҡ˫ϲҲ챻ҽûŽŴ󺰡
תָ˫ϲǰҽҲƾðһʯ󣬴ȵʹ治Ҫ
˫ϲҽûʱһԾ˵ǿ͹ĺʯϡ
䣬Ŀ֮Żҽֻʯҽϣããµ
׾ԼƺҪȵĸ¸ˣͷȴͻȻһ磬ͳѶ
֮ǰ§һԾͬʱָǰһ㣬ðĺʯϡղǿʯѾһ촷ۡ
e賤һȴպ󣬽һ¡ѩס磬ѩĻըºʯҲʤɵ
ֻٵһʯЮԾȥ
eϻ賤Ӳ£ѼҪ񵲣Ҫµĺʯ㣬Ҫ˼ףӦԵЩ
һŲģۼҪȿҽȴͻȻʲôס½ֹס˺֮ơ
Ѿ˳걪ͨѩףüһĨ졣ɿѵ½󣬵ת壬һͺ
ұ㡣
Ҳ飬粽ڰױϡۿeֻӳһױ˫һ£ýԾ𣬴ųǰ˳
ڰǰңңһ㣬ʯ˲ðҽ棬پѩסӭͷ硣
žһ죬˲ۣҰһƬ۾㱻λСڵĤϷȥҲͭû˵һ
ʯϱ÷飬Ҳ±óµĺʯҽԾЩδеĺʯϡ
Զſʯͷϵ˫ϲڿͻȻѩŴ;ûܺ£
ȵҽ߷ڣ׾ȥУգeֻӥɵòߣһϷԾ
еѩɫƤëҽӳճůɫýһѱĹ
ѺͨԽԽӽֻӥʱȻһԾ˸߸߰ѩͺӥƽеɲǣѾԽe϶¶һ¡
ѩƿյƣe֪Ӳ߶ӥҪ뿪ȴʱ͵ػӳһצצִӥۣӥ˻һ󣬻ͷԵԱ߳ѩ롣
һ·׹䣬ڿз׹ĳסҲڿм㣬ѩҪӴҽʱһʯðѩŵ㡣
eۿҪȵҽڿһȣƬҽͻȻڣһƬž˵ĺ󣬶Ҳͨ׹뺣ˮС
ֻһգһû񣬹̵ĺˮæٶצӸ档
˦˦ʪëҲðԶ˫ϲھŵڡ
ȡݡҡ
׸Ͻιȥһҧס³˫ϲ죬˺档
˫ϲһߴǺȣһūŶлл֮
ɾʱˮͻȻΣ˲УһӴĺɫȻƳˮ棬ա
̧ͷһֳĺͷͷ˶ǣ¸żӲĺɫƬצ治棬ֲߡ
ŵðһſ죬˫ϲֹ³æµס
˫ϲĨ˰ϵˮҲ̧ͷ죬еҵ裬
׻һ
Բԣ㿴ͷֻжǣҲֻֻצӣԣ˫ϲֵ
ôôѿ롣
˫ϲ䣬ͼǺͻȻųѷſڣһͬʵʰأųѵķ
ں棬״³ǵŨĺںϣȻײɸߵˮž뷢һ³λá
˫ϲ󺰵
ѣȥɡǺڿг췢˳e
׾צ˫ϲУѽȻǬeү
׶ʱҪɿ˫ϲǱȥҳѣ˫ϲæĲӣҲһͬǱˮ
࡭˫ϲðһˮݣȴҲ§׵Ĳû֡
ϻ㴩͸棬ˮǱܣϻǱһ˲˺ѣƮһѪ
׿һĻֺּצȻˮ嵽£ֱӾںˮͻЩĺ
ѩȻںҲͬһ㣬ϲųѣ˸˫ϲԵЩ
׾ȥǸ취ɴҲûԾ죬ʱȴͻȻӶѩˮγСͬʱųһĿĽ⣬ǽ⴩͸ˮֱֱյĺԡ



93¡ظ
ͺײ, ¡죬ʱˡױˮգצ䡣
Ա˫ϲĲҽ, һתͷ, Ե˵ס˦ϣٺȻҽ
ˮ㿪ʼѰҳѣƴצӣŲᱻתܡ۾, ĴѰȴûпѵӰ
˫ϲͻȻ˴ӣĽ, û˫ϲ, ֱϵһëס
תͷ, ˫ϲָգ࡭
׸̧ͷ, ͸ӿĺˮ, Щε, гeɵĺ, һֻɫԡ
һһ, Ϸ˺ҧҵزһ
һ, ²⣬㲻Ѱҳ, ͵һ, ˮ档
¿, Կƺͳeһ, ʵҲ𡣺Ƕ, ˫, ֻצԸ±ֻһֻצӡ
ѾˣûԱҪһȦÿһƬŽ⣬ͷ˶͡
ȿȿȣҿҿ£ڿУ˽ԣԣ±ģ˫ϲǺȣȴļ
໣
ҲͷһβЩƮ
̫ƯˣβͣһƬ޳̬
һۼųeֻ״߷̫ѿʱѻΪĽȴôƶ˳ۡ
һһ˺ҧϷŭصռ䡣ԲǶ֣ܿϾͲ˺ۣڷɹͷʱѪ
ҪѣԶȥȴ׷ǰĽβͲסһҧںԵľԷʹ˻𣬴Žһֱֱ׹䡣
ܣͷž޴ĺӰ˫ϲŵþס׵ë˵
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ˮȻ£ҲǺˮҪǰ٣צͻȻʵء
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һӶͷͷһݣʶҪ˲ѶĻԼ滺Ϯ塣



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