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5 Եʦ
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ۿҪʯͶ¯УһռؿӰ͵شԱߴ˳

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10 
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ףʦӸոճ𱡵ƺ塱󣬾һֱĬĬЩʵҲûж෴Ϊ˶Գ𱡵⣬ûк˵һ仰ֱʱ򣬲ſΪɻ󲻽ĳ𱡵ƽ͡
гǳأԻΪǡҲߣڵأ죬оӴNޜ[1]
𱡵ơšһʾԼˡ
ǸǭϷֵ߱º󣬸ѧҺ׼Ƥš
иϵѧߣŴ͵εϵ˵ǾĴҲ󻯵ϣϼĸƷ[2]ΪصǣֹֻĳĳǴȫط
ĳʱڣˣôš
ִֻ񻰣ȴʵ
гǳصľʢܹγǳףʦ˵ߵǿǳ̫ҡ
̫ҶӦǳߣΧûģصı硣
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һ죬϶ǣ½ૡ
İɡ룬󲻳ΪûӦòˡȵȣȻ뵽ʲôȻʣҲߣڵأ죬оӴNޜܾĻΪʲô֪㲻ֻǸףʦ𣿡
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һֻöһؿ˲䷢ƣֱ͵ӽ͸С
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һ¦׵Уӭת˲仯ΪһҸԼɳԼʮɵķۣ峤β߰С߹ǰʮֽܣߴϻչ˳[1]񱴹
ⲻͷӵġ衯𣡡һۣ˲ҿͷǲˣһҪңȻˣ٣˭׶Ӱ
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նԴˣ񖎵ĸϵӲǧ㾪֦ɣپЖҶпľ괺ѿ֮ա
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߸ľܴƿյ˷ĳ𱡵ơ
𱡵ƯͫӡľܵӰӡ
ǰҹʸϵʱ򣬱ռĹľɳе˿ϸ޺˿ǻУԽڶϸ糵ƬƬҶ۾ݣëѪһס˲ϢͻϹۡ
···ȫƿնľܣ𱡵ڰգ޿ɱܡ
ҵľܴ°ڣ𱡵Ʋܣһŵ·ľϣб¡ͻȻëʧȥ֪ľȻڰգҶڿ΢ͼ׽ټҶɶԴÿһ֮ļ϶һ߿𱡵ϣ˺Ȼһˮһ磬ϢشҶҶխխĿ϶д
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ָŨī̫һĽ񣬿ʼһѩĽ
Ҳľڰײһ𣬽һšʣµľܱ//ţתʸϵĳ𱡵ơ
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𱡵һҶ棬һľոոŵĵطĽת󣬽ڵľܼʯıƤϣѹ͵ǰȻ
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𱡵վɽ߸ϣͷŷǱꡣľȺζѹȣһЩ͸Ҷķ϶©µĻⶼʧˣڰֻ̫һһѩ⡣
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ʹǶŵ˵족ҲǸصĵط¦Ǿͻᷢ鲻Ծĵطʿ콵µһɳΪ񡱡ֻڹŖĻԡ
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ġڳףĲɫף£һӵسŹϵף裬һ߽ʯ̿¯С˿һֻ֩롣
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ϳףһգԥǰ˶жѸԳ
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ţѡһһ䵶ص˸¯ϣ¯飬ɫҺɽ˷
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𱡵Ƴط棬ƣֱȡ֮
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𣡡
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飬һƵض̫һ֮Ϲаʤ֮ӣ߸ŷ֣ťһŷ֣һ֣Ĵŷ֣ŷ֣ϳķ֣ŷ֣öʮ[1]ġ
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𱡵ƵһסѪɫ
ͭײأػɢϱȻ⡣𱡵°ڽˮīĺвڣֲӿ
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ϵľƽȥ䱻ɣмɷǡ
֪ܰѪӿϳףɫ˵ͷƲסݣܿʲôʱ򣿾ܿסˣɱˣʲôôЩͬ鿴һҵϵ˰ɣһˣأ˾Ҫ·׷ɱˣֵ𣿡
ϳףѭѭգˣ֮ǰôסһҵϵġΣ
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³𱡵ʾѡġַظ
ĩˣԶԶغһ
үµһ
ϳףϵЦȻһ
ȱ
𱡵һȻԾ̫һڰһīۣаʤ֮


17 סһǳ
ϳף׳𱡵Ƶʲôܷѹٴη
ܷаʤ֮ӣÿʮڣֱ׾飬֮Сҵϵˣһͻ类ӽеѩһάֲѡһʮĿͭӸնʮ⣬ȦڵһûŨٶĹ֮¶Ҫɢ
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19 һʲô˼
Ӹ, ԰׵ݳӰΨ۾, ƬƲŵάֵҾ涸Ȼ飬¶ķâڼľϵӥס϶
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ڴ֮ǰ½֮ǵǸԱΪĸԶԶƵС
Ȼ¥˻½Ӷԡ¡Լһа˵
֥ôǮҪֻһŮӣǧͬҪϧŮ𣿡½дʣοǷǶ鲻顣ؿɼλãǿ϶һһضãһҲڳ顣
Ҫǡ
½ʹ֣һѸдòõָ̯ϡ
Ҫǽ̤ˣһĻдȥ˰

˿ϵֽһʱ½һȻ𾴡
ԳүΪ˹дʮһƽʱûʲôϢȻҲд˵ȴη֮ʱ
˼䣬ϵֽ˷ɫ𽥱ùŹ
Ի˵ûʲôȤҲûʲô֮ȴжݲһ½СӾȻƵıʣѸɫǻ衱Ĺдòһۡ
ȡ˸秵֣С
ֱϼ򱾣Բȥ
ԣһ²س⣬¦˵ףʦʮа˾ǸݵĴܣ˵Ǻ¾ġһɾͲǽ̤ˣáȻءȻ˵Ϊðߺ̫ʲôѪԲԸⱩ¶ݡⲻǸµĹô
˵öԡ½ҧűͷ˼
ȴҾֱĲȻ⡶дõسøͣʵ˷ˡ㿴ɽڿ̰ӡӰ棬׿гЧָ彻ңҰӡô
½дġҪǱ𱡵Ʒˡ
ںЦүүΪ֤ԸӼǣΪдһֽ£˸ӡĻ£㲻˵Ҳ˵үô֪
š
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忪
Уָͷ½ˣ̰ӡӰ֮ÿҪķѶʯ֪𣿻ֽī·̣÷˵·ѡ
½˵ͷͣ/ķ֣ˣ
ɽϲ
ɽʲô
˵䣬𱡵Ŷ롣
үˣɰǧһ̣֮Լΰ壬ŵɫ½ͬϵĶʵʵǸҪȥأ¶¶
ʲô£
𱡵Ʋؿ
Ѳɽ̸аҵˣ
ûС½ָһӴˣҲӭСҶֵ¡
½ôһᣬ𱡵鼱֮£ҶֺͰԶԶضսȦ
Ҳ֪ô᲻߱˿ĵʯͷľͷϣĳ𵴡
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С㵹û¡½˵ڣСΨһףŮ³ףˡ¦ո㣬֪֪ףӡģôϳףޣǸϹͷҲ
Ŷ֪𱡵赭д˳һˡ
ˣɴۣҵθүһףӡϷǮˣô˳ֻˣ
˵Ķŷ𣿡𱡵Ʒʡ
ֲ̫ҵǮ㵱Ȼν졣
Ҷأ
𱡵΢һλԭǡϾ͡λȻûٱ̫СʦǷǸ̯ǣôҲ־ǵسе˴Ρͷ죬ͱڳɵӡ
Ǿе˵ȥˡ
ҶСӱˤɵ
˵

ɵɵɵ裬ƼٻǱ
ߣݣηתͷգ
ǰpǵıؾ֮·ϣŸԴĺСżõɮ£˫ЬֱһʯϣüĿڳ衣
ľ㱻õ졣
һȺ»ҰİΧ£̩Ȼ顣ҰҲֻԶԶΧţûɢһķ
տտգпտտգ
ľص£ꡱһˡ
ͦñֱıһӿȥüճһ𣬶ӷġһۿشӰͳӲͷֵؿһڣ߿б߳ĳ
дʣ
Ӧƶɮˣ·Ǯ;Զ󣬲ջҷԵĹǾôҶ˺üˣδȴееʩѲɰڿƭƶɮ
кһ¶ӣ֪üȣǸüʱֹ
Ϊڡǡǰһ˵ӡһۺ໰ܽˡɮԽЬԽãɽԽԽѡĽɡʹԼɮºЬڳ¶ࡱģ

Ǯʩô
ƶɮŲסˣ
аԼԴľײһ

ˡ
Ҷصعֱ̫ͣҡ
𱡵ƻתͷһЦ½ʣҳúնĴɵӣ
ǿɲ˶Ȼƣ


20 ºǧǧ
Ҳ, 𱡵ƶ󣬡ǻ롣
ɱ
½˲۹۱, ǹۿڣڹģ۰˷ö
Ҷͬѧ˼ܳⰡ
𱡵ƸԼ˱裬˼⡣
붫ʮǧɽ룬ҪǧͶ̫, Զʲôëš
𱡵ƿһۡ
ѵǼλٸɽδɥʧģ⵹⡣
ү, ˵⻰ɾͲˣ, ˵λ̫Сʦ棬ҪųҪꣿôһ˵Ҷ֣ʵƾʲôɽʵ, ɽȻ̫, ҩȴ´, ۲, ǣȫĸɽǰƸ
˵ʲôҪõġ
Ҷһعڵ, üŨܺ, ѵ, һֱ㶵أһ仰˵, 񖎺͸ʬ׿
ǰףոࡣ
ֱգһΪʬ廹֮ǰ䱻ʬ䱻ᡣ͸ǰţǧعţږǵϡ½òжţҶһ裬Ѹʬ״ҡǿ̫ˡ
ţ̫ҵһ
Ҷְ˵Ȼ½ĳ֮£ϵһھ͵ͬŮӼ˸ɣҪؿǡ̫ŵһ֪ŵһôеǣºǧǧ̫һռһ롣
ǰǰһ£¶ηı飬˵̫ҵîʱҪ̤ɴ󽭣׳ǣһηС䣬һһһһȫȣһȫŴȡƽʱĸãʱ˳ԡ
ʵʱ𡣡𱡵ƾԼСڸĳһˡ
Ƥһ顣
Сʱȥ̫ҴǶʱ䣬Ӱͷдδȥ̫ĥ¶ʱ䣬ŵֱӽ¿ϵ
ȥ
أҪ츳ľɵʦʦ㳤Ҳȥˡ̫ҡ٣̫Ҿûľ˵츳ǾĥӲקضҪľӲľ
һֱ̫ȺͷӺн̵εĸо𱡵Ƶ
ͶʽУʦǣֱ۴󺰡ԶκһѧҲϽƿճǼƹмƣӲʩˮʯѱӶܹǿ
Ψһİܼǳү
һ̫ƺӴң·ˡ˵ţָָ𱡵ƣΨһλСʦ棬̫Ŀǰʱû˸Ҵľ
½£̫ҵˮȵʵʵش˸ս⡢𱡵ƣ̫ҵĵӻʱ绨ѩ𣿡
룬ûеġ
𱡵ƻһ¡
մǶʱ䣬ţճ᲻ݡڻƣ竴Ϸ룬ƽ˾ò˼顭˵绨ѩˣ鷳ʱ䶼ûС
طЦ̫ң绨ѩ£㲻֪̫ҺųƵڶ𣿡
Ͳˣ𱡵ٴξ轣Ҳ£Ի۵Ҳ̫ҵеµıǺܸߵġ
ǡ
ʮ̫ҾŸһǴ١
û취һ˭ܵһʮʱĵ£
̫ҵҲֻڲڳϦദҹϰˡܳϦദģɲͬ𣿾ö֮˵޼ֱֱŮִʱҽģ̫ĳĳĳǶĥ
ʵֱҶҡҡ׹
Ҫ̫ңҶǿؼסˣҪΪµһͣ
ս֡
ް
ϳףô¡ԼԼף˾һ겻ججΪ˸ν񖎶Ըȥΰݡֻҽ½ŵĻᣬҹ͵͵һε
һҹǳ𱡵ʲôûĻıС
Ҫࡣ
ҪΪԼų
һ̯֣𱡵ƼüŪۣã֪
𱡵Źеԭǣ˵㶼һǧˣյĻֻңңӰأ֪߻ˮ򼸸ǧ
ţ»
֪δҪߵʲô·
̫ңСһģ𱡵룬ŵġ̤ɾŽͷǵòϣû⣬һҹ̫֮еӵĹСš̫õļһﲻ٣㵽ʱԼЩͷȥʦ
ʵϣԭҶӦǰھ¡
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𱡵ϴ˾ϵķβͣŤͷȥһ״߶߶˺ü졣ү£ͺްϼͽѹ˼
Ҷһԡ
ˡˡˡ
ֱӸ𱡵ƿͷ
½Щˡ
ǶŶ棬ü˼ţҲһ¡
û뵽Ҷôʵϣôۡ
ͷߵˡ
𱡵ƶߵ֮
̫ʦ棬˵ߵǾߵŰݶʲô
Ȼ̫ңûб̫ڳ𱡵ֻǿѵõĵӣҶѵ룬ȣ̫ҡˣⲿֺüʷͷȥԼԡΣŹ桭ˣʮŹ棬ԼȥִǽϿԡٴΣŵӡⲿʦʦĹ飬Լʡԡ
ԡ
ԡ
̫һһʼԱõذ壬Ѿľˡ
ľȻͱͱ½Ҽѵ롣
½һСʦֵģųһ޶
󣬡𱡵ƺȻģֱҶֵĿȻͱˣֻһ¡
Ҷ֣
𱡵ȡ
̫һʣУпڲƵĽѩѩӡڳ𱡵ϣԭûиε½֪ΪʲôȻˣʶֻһ䷲լۡãȴͻ¡
ڡ
ҶӦ
̫أͽͽ

ѡ
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̫ңŵһ
̫ߣжģ
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ǣ
ҶָӦ
̫һ
˺ˣˣ𱡵ֱһյ蹦ı˲ȥɢɢûεؿαϣӦø̫ƣûǶҪǽ⣬ȥҿľͷԼһҲɡԼҲ̫ҵˡ
ոܵѪڵҶ֣
֪ΪʲôͻȻϴĸо
ѾЦٺ٣ǲǿǳүڵģ̫ҺǮҸ㣡ʮ̫ҾŸһȺ޵űûй㿴ɽ󣬸ã
˵û𱡵Ƴ°ͣЦأϸŻںͳɴ࿪ŷҵĹΣѷŷҲΡ׳ƿԴھͿԿʼ·ˣ˵Ȼ̫ңܿЩʦʦƭе
֪
Ҷּѵ˵
𱡵˼£һ֣µһͲˣŬŬȡµڶɡ
ô˵ġµһﲻ԰½ҧ䣬˵˭

½Լѻĵڶдˣĳ֪ףʦõ
ǡʩ
һˮҹˡ
½һèˡ
ƣ߳ŭˣ
𱡵һüָʹʳ¯̫ҵӣȥʦ㣬Ǹᷭ
Ҷֳ˳ǣڵĸоԽǿҡ
ڳ𱡵ƵĴߴ£޿κε˰ӣʼ׷ɱһ⻹˵ãæҲһӣԴ
ʮİʹ˻˾仰Ҷֿʼһ·ϲ񱼡

¦ʱͿøιһηǽһƬԼٸڵϣ½ӶԱߣ²˸ëʸȦҶֶèһߣ̫Сʦ涼üԼ·ϵľͷм

ȥǡ
ϣ¦ԼٸϿһŵݸ𱡵ƣдš

ɵϵһֻۡ
ȷǸҵģ
ڲرԹǱ߳𱡵ѾЩز¦תš
µĵѺȡϵǽһʩչʱҪ˫йͬý𱡵Ʊ̫һʱʲôûУ͸̫ȡϵýˡ
ͷ˵ʲôˣʡ
𱡵һĿʮУţ˵̫Ѿ֪ږˣϲվ͵ޡΪʲôˣ̫߶ˡȻ˵ˡָ󣬷޲Ӧ󡯣°ͬ־ɱ֪鶮ˡ
԰ҵǸŹ˵⻰˾¦˷ݼš
¦
ᵽ𣿱һɽһġʡ
С𱡵ƿһУһٸְ𣬾֮ǣǰɽ󣬹ߣ̫ʦ桪Ҳҡ
ˣһɽ󻹵ÿ㣿ԣΪʲôҲҪȥɽ󣿡
ǰ췢˼£̫չһ¡𱡵תֽʲô¡
϶ɣ塣


21 ŵľ
ϣ
½ͬʱ¶Ӷı顣
ʮ޵ĸŹϵԺ͡Žᡱϸϵ, ʱʱؾĳĳںĳĳΪ´ͷѪͺ, ҵþһµĹӶԸˡ
Ψ԰ʱеһ¶⡣
Щһﰡ½ૡ
ô𱡵ƲɫʣǺӣ
ǿɲһӡնЩһ򽻵Ըȥ̫ҵľ
ɣ֮Բԣ˼֮ţзϣ, Ϊ[1]
νϡָıڿɣһٶʮ塣
ϵÿһ϶һ֧ᣬǺ̫һвͬʱĳ·ߡԼΪͨŵţȺ, ǷŵϵĽںá
ɣҲΪ֮ء
Ƿ̫ˣȺ۾ֻϿļһ, ;ķܵţҲñǡţʱԸָֻš, Ƣܺõķͺ¿Ƕϰ, ҲһŭĿࡣ
, ǲô̫ҡ°ͺٺЦ, Ϻ̫ҳǧǰˡ̫ҵʱջ, ſνСϻΪ˭ʹ̫һ, ֱӴɱɣ, İ
ɣ̫ŵһô, иԭ
Ŷصʲôʱ̫ٺͰϴһ
ֲ̫һɽչһ³𱡵ơ½Ȼ򣬡Ҫ֪𱡵⣬㲻ģҲ϶취Ѱڳ𱡵̫Сʦһسӣǰǧǰĳһˡ
ԭϷš
𱡵һ˵һֽ߽ۣ
Ϸ룿Ի½ʮһز׽ʣʣʲôϷ룿
Ǳ硭
𱡵Ƴ˼һ£ӹվԱߵ¦
ҽҵа¦ֶҵı켫ȲãԴض϶ҲаҡȻ¦ֺʵû˵ֻǸַȴ¦޲ߣʦֵʮ񱻳һǶ⡣ͽдˡ
¦ͻȻһʱֻԼû̾ߡ⼸һһίʵĥ
ԭˡ
½ඥԼԼ䣬һδӴĴǿϷ֮һ¦񣬲ɵþе֡
ʲô񣿡¦ֱһֻ߹ļһͻȻ˵ħɲֵİɣ
¦ʦܣĲˡϵУԷȡ˺òȡ˶ƫǳΥɽĸѵ
¦һŴɤӣǻѧ˸ʮʮòһ˯үĻƽɣıһడٸԭ
ɴۣ¦ʦܣȻˣˣ
¦һġǺǡ
Ǻְϱߡ
ô𱡵ʡ
ϴθ˵Ͻĺʦ壬㻹ǵðɣ
ǵá
ʦɱϲˣҪʹˣץץͷƤǳ֪޷̬ķչôֱڲŶ֣
𡭡𱡵˼
ˣͷԼͷȥɣ
ع˸߲ҵſ˫ۣż⣬װԼֻһͷԺӡ
ӣҪˣ
ɵ˲ֱӡ
û֡ɡ˽
ۿ𣿡ʣɽڵĵطɽʱ򣬽ڻ̫ɽϢ׳ˣҴȥ
½ԭĥ𱡵ƺҪȥɽҶְ̫ҿ϶ҲһȥҪҩأһҲȥ˵ȥա½ƽбˡ
ģܿڣж󰡣ô̫ģֱӱŻ˩ס
½ڵ׷ʣ𱡵ƿա
ǽշй·떎ǲԶ
𱡵̫񱳸һֻã䣬·ߣ;˵Ĺͻĵֻڵеķʽչʵ
İϤ
ۺõս

Ǽ𣿾Ϸɵģ̫Ľڣǧɣ
½һȺʢװŮΧסشꡣŮǶžյЦ绨׷ʳǧж೤
Ͳ˵Լ˽Ϸˡ˿ԼеתͷԳ𱡵ƺҾãٺ£˵ͷˣҪסˣүǵðСϳ
Ҫȥϣ𱡵ƳһǱߵؾܾ˭һȥģ
֮Իᷢչز׷ݵɽǷš
ɽڵĵط떎ʮǧҪɽ󣬻ǵȵpǣٴpǵŲߡδɽӭӹͺ˳Ѷϵĳϵùŵ˵˖ǵɳҪߣִҪһʢʽǡ
뼸λɳμʢ³ףҡ
ʮ꣬·һҹ䳤ˣü峺ּᶨף¾֦ϸּ͡ľ½һЦ´й½ʱɫǻ裬ظ֤Ǽλɳһμӡ
º½ʹ鱧ӽšһ磬𱡵ƱòðֻҲӦˡ
˭֪иϰף
ҪǾ塢ĳˣһҪơ
ƹѲ˰˰Ҳûʲôģ
ܿأǾȺİΧףƺ󣬻¸ص˾ƣȻԼƯƯŮΧ˹
𱡵ڱƵ˶䣬ʲôԶҪС̲͵ʲôƲ¶󣬻¾ûһڵģϵذ½ǰһƣӳȺ
źѲҲŲסˣݸ˳
ֻʣ½ŮصΧס
һﳤʵҲСһ˱ɵһϣ͸ˡŮΧס󣬷Ҫ̻Ǹ֪ʲôķĹϲ˵½½ˣѾ˺ˣۿʱҪײ

˺ð裬ش֬ȥ̿Ҫ㱼½
𱡵Ʒ˺멣ԼͷŹãѽ㿪Ⱥ
ϹģּȺࡣ
Ab棬Ǣ񡭡[2]
ССĵңɫĲɫڷƮҡǶžƿȰƵѾپڼˣװεʵĽֵϣʶʶֻҪ棬Ҫһ
ѬѬȻ
ȷǳʢ硣
ΪͱҲΪףף񖎵ףǵĴѲ
紵ƹӰҶֹ
һȺө档
ͣھյıأͣŮޱߣͣ˵˫硣
ϷȺףŵƣľ֡
𱡵ָߵ̳˳ִϵľƣͲ֪Ĺĵ㣬ǰμһĻӦҲˡ
һȺ׷Ҹϵܹ
ĩβĺӾһƼʱ·һ£ܿͬʱƼҲǵıӰȥۿҪҵˣַסӡ
𱡵Ⱥȥ
ٿҪǮˡ


22 һ
δ, ⸡Ӱ
ʦվڼԣȼĹ͸ɴ, ǵϸӰͶϡ֮ǰһֱվںͬȺͬеĻ谵Ϊһ塣
ٿҪǮˡ
𱡵˵һеģ˺ѷڿЦ
ʦĬһᡣ
𱡵ΪһҪǰһִ޴ش۽, ƿߡ˭֪ʦȴַŵǰ𱡵ơһʦյָ̯öˮ񾲾, »Ĺ⡣
ɽˮǣ𣿡ʦʡ
Ȼˡ
ԸոյĳĬøʲôҳɽˮǣ
¼Իɽ֮, ֮ˮԴ뺣в, ˮҲһöˮɽƽ, м, ûǴĻ, Ͼһֱ߶̫٣һ, ˮǶ𡱡
֪, ײǽɣ𱡵ɫ΢
𣿡
ʦ忴
С𱡵, ûסЦ, 㿴ɡ
һѽˮǳߣһһ½ֵǵˮ֮һ档
ʢڵ޸豻ڹԶԶ϶䡰šտԻ֡
ƵĹӰʦ۾ҡҷԼԼ·ҲһĨǳЦ⣬ƺ𱡵ƸˣƬѩҲһȾ˵ů⡣
ߣȾơ
𱡵ؽˮһؾ
Ӻ겢뿪󲻾ãףµİѰ˹վڿһ˵ĵƼܶ棬һˣûҵҵˡ
ǰġ
ҿų𱡵Ƹոտǽڣü΢΢Ϊףüۼĺһҹɢˣȥ햎Ǹ˾ƣǰǰտжһʢֵþ
ѽȵүơƶǴչɳ˲ǹŮϲ
ⶼĸģҿЦãҲϲ
ϲһֱү棬ֲϹ
û˵꣬ү͡ˡһˣһæȥ˯ȥˡ
ҡҡͷԼ׵
Ů
治ϲ޿κΣү뿪ʱͷһ۷ų𱡵ƴĵطֻǾûкܸˡ
һʼҲû֡
Ϊźµ꿴ģһ첻µزµ⾢߶߶ضʱһεҳ·һ߻ڵ̲ס͵Цֱ⿴𱡵ƿǽϣĬĬؿȺ·ֶһεĲ
Ϊʲôأ
󻨵Ľ֦Ҷ
ҺȻ߹ȥ˵ʲô֪ǣĺϲ
Ҫѹ
ϧ漸ƹȸˣҲòȥקǱĨᡪһѱҲĨȥô죿
Ȼͷ𱡵Ѿˡ
ϣɡ
ĬĬ

ϲͷĴųһܱӡ
֣ţ
𱡵һߺһߺʦږľݵؼ䣬Ѹٵˡ
ڱǷŭأ
е񡰹
Ҳֲº͵Ļô°Ѵòʱһ£ҹ񾭲ǵҲǽܵĺ𣿣
˸õط
𱡵һ֦£ʵؿʦ塣
ʦĬع԰׵һӣϧĶˡ
ǰ𱡵˵ߣȾơϰ졣Ҫһ˺ȾƴŲ𱡵ôôǿһҪʲôس¶ˣһҪҸõطҪ޳Ҫóү˾úʡôʷȫ۸ܾ
ȥ𱡵ԼҲ԰鷳˦ʦ塣ʦʹˡ
ǣŭĻһȳᣬôһ磬һë͖Ҷ
ˡ
𱡵ƽҿ̳ķڣPˮl֮Խ̳˳
кˮϴǶ㣬ϲҶȡˮƣľɫ𱡵һ䣬һֵƣһĨ¹յСʦһԿ¶Ǹȷֻһ⡣
ʦ岻Լ⼸ĴǲǶԵġ
𱡵Ʒ·Ѿ⣬ûһҪ˼ʦţ֪ôڡ
𱡵ƽõľƵݸʦӹ
֮ǰΪʲô
𱡵ûиԼƣ̳ӣҺų⣬ûͷûβؿڡ
ǴæҵĖľ֦λڹڵϱߣûлĸߣ֦ɺܳһֱҪ̽ǽͱúܽƽʱڳڲôԵ˳ŵĳչȥԿˡ
ҷʲô
󣬱Ҷͷûʶµġ
ֻһ˭Լ
Щ죬½¦һžһƬƬҶ䵽Ǽϡ½żһ߶߶˵ôֵˡһ̵ذіҶ˵Ҫٷ磬ҶҶ׷֤ݡ
ȻʲôǶʲôƣΪʲôƫƫʲôǶʲô̰

˵󣬳𱡵ƾԼЩЦԹûͷûβ˵Щ˭ף⣬ʦȴˡ
Ҳʲôֻǡ
ʦעų𱡵ƣ˵
ǲ֪Լľͻǲ֪ǵֻɱնǲ֪˵ȡȥһ顣
ǣʮ򹩷ˡ
𱡵ƳĬһᡣ
Ǿ͸ˡ
˵
һ´Ʋ𣬸ֻʮǳϣڳ𱡵ƵͫӡԶӰӡʦ忴ûʶ˵һƬҶϢյֱ
𱡵ƻͿޱغһƬҶҲҲǣʱֻشЦ
⼸죬𱡵һͻƵ£ľˡ
һЦ𱡵һ߰ɽŶʦ塣
ʦ¾յסŵʱһӣҧŵҶʧˡ𱡵ûô쵽ģµش䣬ǰҶˣµˡ
ʦչš
ɽǺеġȸ֮ķĩβӲͷƤԼĶһͨȻд˼䡰ȮۣȻԴƣͬͬΣơƣίرϣ𱡵õ
ʦ忴ţĿͣں߼ϡ
ô𱡵Ƶм֡Ψ²ҡҪæ𣿡
֪ǺƺƵϷж˳𱡵ȻΪܡһѪ
ˡʦ˵
𱡵üʮа˾ΪʲôϷ
⼸½û£ҲϹ˲٣ԴضԣһΪ׼ʽ߳Ͻˡڴ֮ǰʦΨһһλʮߵĴס
ˡ
𱡵ƺؼϧˮȥɱʦ壬ǧ֡ЩΪɣؾףƹѲʦһһϯϡˮİˣһҹڱնֻ˱ӹһ١
㵱ôûɱ˱϶
𱡵Щ档
ʦ岻ƴ֡
価
ʦأеɵطʡ
̫ᣬᣬˮʱϿصǸ𱡵ѣôһȻǼһʵֱӱˡ
ʦͣһᣬƺڻ롣
ľúá
ʦ˵עų𱡵ơ
𱡵ͻȻﲻԣһȻñֱҲɫҵ۾ȴκһζҪãȻôãûвִٵƿߡ
ˣ
𱡵Ƴɵʡ
ʦûлشֻǿȻȻֳͷϵľľһѻٲ¡

𱡵е㾪㵡
˵𣿻ΪúһļһȻǸһ
ˡʦ˵𶯡
аɡҾ㣬𱡵ָ̳ıأƷˣװĻͲˡˡ


23 Ϊ
ʦûӦ
˱Ͱ, ˺͸ָ޳Ϊ𱡵ɢ˳ʱ, ڷ԰׵ָˮ㻬𱡵βؿһۣ˵һûһػž̳Ũɢ
ľݴͷƤ𱡵ҡξ̳һ١
صشӣ
ԵСʮ֮סжд̡ôȾѪһˣϳ˵⣬ʵ˰ӣȥ, жηЫˣһܾʰɣ
𱡵Ǹ棬̲סЦ
Ȼͱ˰ס˼ǡ
ס¶Ⱥܵͣ·ܸо, 
Ҫʦ˵˶ϴһ˾, һͺá
ŪˣҰȥ𱡵ҲЦӦ
û˵, רעس϶», ںڵķ˿ݶ, һһס𱡵ŵϵĲҩζ
Ϊ
ҽֹ, ҽ[1]νҽͬԴ, ľΪҩ, һ֡ʦΪʮ֮, Ҳǳҩ򽻵մȾ˲ľֻ֡, 𱡵ܾʦϵҩζһζܵģĳߵԶĹ·ĺݵζϡЩϤ
𱡵תͷȥ뿪ʡ
ʦʱֽ䵽һ׷΢ָڴһ
ڶ̧ͷһƬѩǹ
ˡ
ʦ˵ľ/ϡ
𱡵ƫͷʦãغӡ
֦ڣѷ°Ĺһ۾ɫ̫ǳ޳񷣬ֻɼ׵ĺôľӡ𱡵Ӱӡ
һᣬ𱡵ưѾ̳ӶɴȾƣ
ʦ崹Լƣǰûʲô𣬵ϸ۲ܷյҲյҲգ˰ġ
ôװ
𱡵ҪЦЦһѾյߡ
ʦ忴ſ˵֣ãȻ̧ۿ𱡵ƲԹԵذѾյԶԶġʦŸոճ𱡵ƽȾƣƬ̺󣬾;ֱ̳Ӻȡ
˰
𱡵΢ؿ
ǵʵеңʱ˺ˮһʺͻʦȵúһھҪ΢ͣһ£۾ʵѾɢˡӣҪ̳ˡ
һڶûȵĳ𱡵ƻһ£ԼҪȾƣֻʣ¸ոʦ屻ߵһյ

ҲʯͷԼĽˡ
ˣ
𱡵Ʒ˷ҳǰʱõĲ硣
´λҺȾơ
˵ڣ𱡵ͻȻ¡
үǰƽҪ̫ߣûһѡ
ƵϡǸΪƤŵ׼ҡ׼֮ҳΪүİѣǸϾƹܸصĺþ
Ͼƹر󣬻ɽ꣬ȻиƯյšȻѾˡ
ʶϾƹü꣬ΨһһᵽţϾƹȵض˵ȫǴ˵´Ⱦơ𱡵֪ŵԭҲǸŮкܣӶſ֮Ի޸ϾƹΪһÿζȾƣ˾ƤҪ롣Ʋƣͱƭˡ
ƹܳɹȫһһĻȾƣϰ߱˻
һһһһ룬Լ಻롣
Ҿһΰ
Ǻڶϡ
Լ룿ôõ£
ɹɹ⣬Ȱһơ
𱡵һյ¹ʢյԭһ˿ȻԹ⣬յײԽ
ҲʶߣƵغ
Ψºů١
ո棬֮Ҳϰ¹٣Σ߻Թ⡣
Լٳô
ϲ²ŵأããߡԽתԽԽתԽ࣬𱡵Ƶ·һұݲԽתԽߡ
ʳʣʳݡ
ڡһ䣬Ѱθߵ£ʱϡ
̫һ
ǡ
䣬Һա
Сδʦһס;յõô󣬾յ벩һ˲仯Ϊ顣
𱡵̧ۿ
㡭
ʦͣ
үԾԼģ㲻֮ҲǷ֮˭˭ˡ𱡵ӸʮֲƵظʦ壬Ҫ˵㲻ҪٳһŰȥ㲻ҪӸߴ
˵Ķһͣ
ʦž̳΢΢ҡΣҲվ
㲻ҪӸߴ
ظһ飬¹۾û취˻ˡô֣أ·˵ʲôݣҷҪ¡
Σա
ҷҪأ
𱡵ư£
ʦ岻˵Ӱͷ֦ɵӰ¹ӹԸߵȧǣռ񡣳𱡵ȷʮ֮ףȷһΪеˡ
ҽס㡣
˵
в𱡵Цˣἥ֪ʲôʱʲôط
ҽס㡣
ʲôʱʲôط
԰׵ԽԽߣ֪ʲôͷӰƫתʦ۾𱡵ƵӳӰ֮ľܽȴֿһվڹִصţһվڰһ
羲ҹֹ

ȻһҶ£ͷһ
Ҳ˵ˣٰҶͷϣҾͰ˵գ
𱡵һͷһֻӿҶӣŭ
Ҷ䣬ԽԽ֮ơ
㶼ҪͺˣʡʡƬɣ𱡵޿κΡ
Ҷɳɳʦɹִվţ𱡵Ƴº멣ͷȻһ̳תҵĩβȥҲͷָֻž̳ʣµС̳ײ
춫ľ
ٱݡ
ҽն㣬⡣
ʹ֮ûأҹ÷
Ȼ߲
𱡵ߵĩˣ̳һ
̳顣
߲ޣ
תչ˫ۣԤ׵ֱ¡·ǧ޼ɵչ

ɥںͬš
ʹһͷĵǽϣش󺰣Ҷ֣ԲҴˣǱӦǱӦ
ﰡ
½ضڵϣϵ·Ѿ̫ĖǹǼãֱԭ֡ڹȻ󵨣׻һ֣ȻҲпΪ֯˽˿ģǼ
Ҵˣ
תͷĿвٺҳ㡣
½ţԽҪѳ

һʼҹӡ
ʲôȰ͸С֪ʲôƹ
תһȦҵһȱذĶӰεŶߡҲ֪ǲıܣһŶ½ĿСˣֻʣ¶϶ʡ
٣ӷ£һһ￹ҡ
һק½˵
ݡ
һ飬ʶ
һ־ԼëСҵˡˣ½Ѿˡһ׿ĵ˵棬۾һա
ˣҪҩ׷ɱˡ
˺ð죬¿
½һӱ߻ðݡ
ûãš
Сһݸʲô˼⣬˻û˵˭ɹ˰
ҿˡ
½䲻ۣŵòһȥ˿ŷһʵţֻ۾ֱؿա
Ҽˡ
Уǡͷ˵ϻĻҰ
л꣬ϡ
ֻʣһɵΡ࣬㿴һƵģҲʶǸˣֻżȻóǸģֻܿữȥʿ֮ԳΪġ͡ԡΪ
һ£ͱڳУꡣ
ʿоΪܹɴһءһпܻмˡ
࣬˷ǹʡ
ˣҪģԡ
Ҳϴ½ૣꡭ
ɣ½ļ̾˿ţ߳ӡ
û½ľţûҸáá
ȥҡ
Ρԣ½صصͷҪΣҪȥ
ͷ
Ｗͷ亹ոǾ䡰ȥҡѹͲ˵ģǸӱͬĺڰﴫ
ڴ֮ǰȫûͬﻹˣ
һ˲䣬ʲô˿Ļ֣ʲôʲôְһӶ½Ŷת˹ȥı׳
ͷӣ˽⣬ҿû취̡

ͬ߳һλźµӣòϢһ֪ʲô˵ַͣɱڡⲻص㣬صǣӻﱧһˡһҲǴˡ
ң˺졣
£ڷ
ģǳ𱡵ƻ˭
ʱ˿
ᱻɱ𡭡
Ƴ
ɵĿ
˿һ˲䣬ֻһεĵԼĲӹԻ걻ͷ쬵ɵľ鷢ģ˸ղһɱģ
ǣΪʲô
λΪǺͳ𱡵ƹϵĿĲӦ½𣿣
ûӦʲô½ʹӱ̽Դ
ʲô½ѿڶȻǽ̤ǽ̤

ǰһڡ
ˣ
ͷӣ˽ûܼ̳ˣ


24 ٺαϳ
ͥԺž, ¶ŲμʢˣŵĶû, ҲС͵䵹
ûС͵׼ɷҲǼҪ°
һƨԺӵ̨ϣһ߸̣һֺ󾱣ȷԼԴö˶˵شڲϡǳ𱡵Ƶķ䣬ڿ֪ǰ얎±˭ͳүҵˡȻԸԼ֪
ǰ½ʯ쾪ġ̤Խ, ַҹš
һ仰ѪҰ½˵꣬֡ˡһº˯ˣֻʣӲ˵Ŀ½ӹ·һټԼ, ˡ
ɱȻŵ
ʯ֮, ߾˫֣һ
үһԣ߽Բ䣡
εĵסˡ
Ƥգ, ȴ, һͨ, Ͳѡʲôʱ˷ϲ, ɽһǰذæٰ족˵ˡȻ֮ӣү, ƽЩ
ɢҶ, Ӵų𱡵תҵķߡ
½, ֱĵظŻˡ
Ȼ󣬶̨һֱڡ
, ҡ
½̨µĵϣ˸档
ͷ
һۼֿس½ӣһĶ˸ʵʵͬʱ֧䣬սľ󷿼Ķĳλ֪ʿѳүͽ󣬾ûٳ
󰲰
ﳤ̾ĥҪҪðøš
°ɣҪǳүĳ֪յá½˵ʲô¶Բ԰үһ²ѵӣΪĺѣҪһµģ˵ʵ浽˭ǺηʥȻϲ𱡵ơ
ȻүƤҵȷÿ˺İô˵ء
𱡵һһֱв
˼룬վ׼ȥøš
һתšžһͱקˡ

ʲô𱡵ƱеöĤۡ
˰үδ͵۳Ƴһ£Ǹ˭أ
ˡ
ˣģ죬漴ﲻԣ٣үģûװʲô
װô֪һֺúѣ𱡵ƮƮطʡ
̱졣
ϲˣȴóү߳ŭ
ı̫ԣ𱡵Ƴһۣܲ¸˾Ųʮ
Ҳ߳ŭʵϣֻʦһµʱʦԥظȥڰоͰסˡס˾ͷ˾Ʒ裬˵һ仰Ҳ֡Ϊʲôװʵװֻʦ尲طƷ裬𱡵ƸպЩˣ͸ɴѰε˯ˡ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪʲôܹһռȼϵĲҩζﲻ֪˯ȥ
ΪʶΪʲô
𱡵ƲԸ룬̨ףƵضź˯½
վס
𱡵ƾ͸۾䲻ص
ڹһڰա
ȥˮѡ𱡵˹˵̤̤ҵҪʣǱ󶼱Ҷ
µˣ
Ҫó𱡵֪ǲϹ¹̤ڽбдʮ޵ġṦΰҵǾͷȲ˰
½½ʮһɣǧҪסү̿򰡣

ڶ졣
һ˵ڳź󣬵ɽĳϵִ
ʵûô֮ǰģҪǲ㾪ˡȻʢᶼμˣҾƵصˣڳǰһıδڽ顣
ȵʱŶŹǷöᡣ
¦Ŀⲻס½ϳʵ̲סȥһ𣿡
û½Ƿһ룬ǣϵϣ۵õһ˲ѣᵹ汻һ١
½䣡½Ƥճһ𣬰ΰѼ½ƣסʮһɣ
ʮһΪؿƿ˲ʹĴۣϸȾһлرģܳ𱡵ʮֻһʲô¡ûܷ֡¡
¸µΰҵҲδе㡱
¦
⼸һʱԽԽ˵Ļˡ
Ǿˣ¦̾˿Ҷ֣·ô£
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ϾҶٸšǺύѣÿǻ뱻¦ͻҶּȥ¦Ϊ˻еٸ󽻴ˡȻһ£ٸǸˡ
ǰ¦Ҷֵӡ󻹿ԡ
һ˿㱻ϳף˾Ҳÿ켦δ䡣ĵмɹƭ˻𣬾ͱҶȥѶˡ֮Ǹ׵ˡ¦ȵҪҪɽ

ҶֱŰѵվñֱĶ¿ơֱ
粻·
һв÷ʦƿڴĻۣһһСģ°ǰ̵ģббģʲôľͱˡκһѧͽ˷ѲϸôһƤʦȱ
ʦ˵ˣһڣŷ̫ҹˣڿʼҪڼϰҶؽ͡

¦˵˵Űת̫ҵֿƵĴͳеó𱡵˵ûҶֿЦ
Źײô£¦̣ʡ
ʦ滹˵ˣ̫ҵӵı־˺ݻû顣Ҷְľʱѧѧײ
¦
һǱ¿𣿳𱡵ͷ竵Ļ㱲̫Сʦ棬ҲȫȫŰ
ҶĿбӣ̫Һϯп졮ƷСһţϻ£һơҪ̫ĵӣҪϯ
ҿҪȱɣ
ȱǴӳ𱡵ģ¦ʵ̫ʵľ庬ʲôصȥ˸ʵ䣬鲻Դδʱ˿̣ȴȫûбʸʵˡ
ȱӹͺٸɽճϸմӷûվأ¦ɴ˹ȥ֣Ƿ
ճϱŵһʧ־ºü롣
⡢¦
еǵģر¦ʿһ·ƽʱȻеʢԴϡУͲˡ˽̸ʱ򣬶˵иɾǺãżҲҪһЩϹͷȥŵˡ
ٺαطҪϳɳأ
£¦ӭճϾͬʱеƮƮȻ
Ͷˣ֪򳤱Ѱˣ
ճɤӣ˵ʲôͿ¦һν˷۴ֻ¾䡣
⼸λǸҪӵĹˣͽˣ


25 ʩǣ
, ճϡ
ǣع, һܸ£ܶ
νɽĶ֮һƽ߷ߵģĪڸЩϹͷھأճһѾˣϲǸ߸߹
˻ûأôλʲô
ݳϲ޾, Ż˿ϲһͨʹ⡣һĭӣΪ徻, ֻίһ˖ǡڵִ֮ǰݳ׳δϨ, ¾û϶Ųסĳӡ
ӡǲĳ
žžž
ľѱһֻƯҡ켱꣬Զɽļһžһصߵؽѩ档
ݳе㽲š, ԼķΪѩ, Ϊ֮ɻΦīɽˮ, ͷҪ÷, ÿγ۳УضҪһ۹Ĵ, ⴬׾ͳ, ȡ⡰ߴʤ, 칲صظֽ, ʫһ˱ɷػӺī
νǲȾװҲ
ƬɻǱ׳װˣȥˣ﷭˼
칲ϣԭĸȤһˮŲ˼װϣ澧Өɰİʯֿ̳˼öӡؽ϶һһŵմŨŨīһͺëϺʱϧظ棬˺ɳ̶ֽһһء
֣֣
𱡵һŲ÷ϣһְѣۺɨʮϧֽ
㡣
콭ҶĴ󣡡һ׺ϵ
ֽ
ǣҶĴ󡣡һԥԥš
½ֽߡʮ۾סˣֻܴ϶
жҡҶСһ˿Уʵ㡣
ճϣһָһɷǣΨһϸɾġ
ĺĵô𱡵ѵƣҶġ󡣡
ĲϷУһѭ뻨߹󡱵ԭ򣬼öͶĵΪͬһɫΪ󣬶ͬɫкɫ¶ľסöĵĺΪôΪĲʡ
һֻö룬泯ϣһɫĵ㡣
ǡô
٣ģĺĵ㣡ӮӮˣһԾ𣬴СУϣ죬֮ǰ˵õģҪ˷㡣
ݳһЩְѺòļɽӳϡ
ȿȡ
ؿԣͼ⼸СԼѸߣҪ˼ҵӡ
ϧİʾ̫ޣһߵ½ѹûܵ²ֽϣһͨػȻһòʣ
ճϣģ
㡣
ݳϷˣεص
½žžžһ㶼ذֱֽӺݳϵĶͷգ˸š

𱡵ЦݲģһϣҪҡӡ
ȿȿȡݳ϶ֽģؿ˼Ȼ󡰰ϰϡվˣ⴬ͷ̫ˣȥЪЪǼˣɡ
󣿡½ڼ¼ʤЩһᣬд󣿡
ϷԭǼ£ճ⡰ѩͷ󷨣ֻ֤ᴵ棬Է΢ġɷ硱˷·ġ硱
𱡵ǸۼģһϷ۾ƬˮأճϻȺ͡ѩԶ;ѾΧ˴ߣٸ½ӲֽСʦ涨򡭡תۼԶµѩͱһƬײûˡ
ݳϳƬ̣۵úӶڶ¡
Сȴߣرǳ𱡵̫Сʦ棬ֱѵ롣˸Ԣ֡ķӣԼΪ߶һӣǵԳԣȻѭѭգӻͷ
û뵽ǡӻͷǡڲ
֮磬ǺôŶ𱡵ϸһض𡣡
ϰϡ
ݳϡϡøôһˣ˸ȣһһƵŴװ壬תߡ
Ϻַˣȥඣ
ɽĳϣƷôģ𱡵תͷоҪˣŤͷܣ
ƫȫǸм黬
½ؾЦˡ
ݳϺȻͶˣʲôûƵģŹһ̻شȥˡ

ϣݳһ֮鶯֮˵ǣһ̤۴գûüڣ¦ӭſھǣ
ږӰһ£¦಻֮Ͻ󡣡
˵ţֲźۼزһ䣺ճعģɽжԴ˽ˣǴӴﴫģҲ޷ΪսҲ֪˭ȥˡ
ճ߳ȣĸҸʶ㣬Կ䣡˵ҲС׼ġҲգҲգʲô˵˵
Ҫ桰Կ䡱ͰϵһգЦøջƵİ
¦һ渹̣һĽǣճҡ
뿴
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ճϽƬ£ת棬һۡ
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ϣԽԽãԽɫԽд衣˿һɣĺ޾ͱ˿˿ƣҲ޷ֱӿ
ճͳ˸̶ãһ㰵Ļ̶ȼһڣھģϵݡ
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˵ճϳϸ칤ԨԴ칤û˲룬˵
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ճ˿Ƶֳһ̡
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ʱ䣬ۣݽϷܳԶճȰҿСƽʱɽ̫ڵȺľһˡѵڴˣԼ̫ȥɣȥ˴һ𣡡
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ˣҪ·գճһư˳ȥҪӶ
¦վסҵķڱžһعϡ


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ոӣӮߺȾƣֽ浽һ룬ճϾ͹ˣ˵һ
˶֣ʹӦˡճ϶ԼΪ߶㣬ڶϴɱķ½гǧ°ӣϧΪ̫ͣ򲻼ãȫʧˡ
ڱֽԭеĳ𱡵ƹϵԼһ죬ҡѡ
ô쵽İ½ʳ𱡵ơ
𱡵ƽöʯƽϣЦʣ֪
½СƵͷ
𱡵ֳһ̯ͷ
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½ʮһҾ㰡ѪˣˣѼö鶪𱡵ƣʲôиѧëѾĖǸһ棬ͶҰƽıҺڶˡ
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ۣʲô½̾ѡ
뱭յϣյʱСľżֱ̳ͣ𣬷ŵһߡ
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𱡵ñʸˡžһõ֡
ոյʵУ¶ֽš
еȣԾԾԣүżİٺ٣Ҫүǻͷһȥĳɣ֪Ǯ࣬żǧҺ½ڻȻͿһҹˣ
Ķĳҵģ𱡵ưСľżջӣǧӮԼҵׯ㣿

룬ҲǣεطôһǮ֮
һߵ½ͻȻмº֡
ЩүʲôУ½ʮһҲ֪˸߰˰ˡСϣ˷ֲָ֪ĹëԸԸٵһͷҷҲԸñ˰
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Ƿ۵£ʲôһܵ裿
вǡ
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ɵɵɵ裬ƼٻǱ
𱡵Ʒֱųʣü΢΢һ£ײһԼϵ
ߣݡֱñЩҲֱ˳ηתͷա
ôǶ½һֻԼһɵӵĴ͵͵ڶϣҪһ䲻ɡ
һϣȻ
һ̡

һƸۣ׳ʿİϣ֮󺿽֮üװһ߸ӵҶһͱָͷĥĥ¦ݡһװ˷ηճһͷֱϡ
ϵʩǣƶɮŲסˣ


26 ҷ𲻶
ʲôɡ
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ˣǻ߰ɡ
ѩ۽ʮɵĸ߶, Ϳ˿ͲҽеԴǸõĺУϹһ󴮷飬һ˫Ьվһʯͷֱƴ˫֡ò
𱡵ƴ˵ûϴˡ
ôһλɡͷһʮȾԴϷʲô
½쳤̽һʤ߼Ĳù𣿡
һҩȵ, ｨʲôأ𱡵Ƶڲ˵ҹλΪǻĸɮǾͲҪ˼޵ˣ
үίʵ߼е󣬡žһ, ȥһǸЬ׵ţƤ, ˭ճ˭֪߰߰ɣȥ
ۼŷͣƬֿ̣ʼ, Ťͷ, ±ߵĺһ, 󺰣λʩ˫
粢ߵס
ɫ£ɽڹϵ, ȿ²ý
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𱡵Ʋ˵üͷ, , ԼĿڱ˸ʵʵ, Ȼһߵŵ¦Ҷһ֣ʾǰ¦̾˿, ôԸٴνͷۡ
еģһ¦Ĺ۵⼸ߡ
ҲôѵµǼһ
ӷգһϷۣװģ˫ֺʮ˳Ʒòмϧһ˫۾ÿɫˣھǸȣܿȥƶɮΪħڴ˵ʮ࣬ԣ뼸λʩ֮
¦̾оͷʼˡ
ˣʮΪҲֻзڵλˡ
𱡵վ̻ʵĺԶԶأű޳ʦ굽Ǳʲô쳾ۣ⣿
¦֮󣬳𱡵Ҳϳⱦɲ²׵ͺ¿˭ˣ
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ӡնɡϣԿ޳ʦԱͽܼ˺εȺ
նСһʼҲûй޳ʦ𷨾ĹĿѧ˵һͨϰ˷֮һܼ֮ȥҲǱ츳ͷûüϸͰ˵Ϊ˵ӡ
˷ӣ͵óȥ쳾߶ˣ۹ºܽ
黵ͻ⡰Ρϡ
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Ǹд竰񣬶Ű
ԭ½Ȼ򣬡Ҽǵǻиܳġʲôʲôţ
ɡһʲôһ˳ڵͭɣɣʯɡ
ʮͨĻҪ֣Ǯѩͭʯ߹ͭʯ߼仰˵רǮˣûǮľǸûԵɡһ˲ʮޣҲնɺˣɺС
νġҷ𲻶ơɡ
𱡵ܽᡣ
øҷ𲻶ƣư㽫ϵʳһɨգɺбعˣλǳʩװɡ
𱡵ƤЦⲻЦҲ㲻Ͼãȥյǵİףˡ

ɺкƣЦݿ䣬춯صġһԼװ¶ࡱ˼ƻˣҪ⼸λʮԵʩһ¸飬ֻܻһַˡ
ȣҪŤתǰĲӡ
ʩ֪սѪ֮֡ɺﲻݣƶɮϰڡ֮ۡӣ֪֮ȥδʱ¶۹δգλɥpǣ
ΣҪ
׳˵ķȻ¶Լδ֪һ档
ҪͣҪС
ɺгصȴ𱡵˵ķӦɡѪ֮֡ʵԣǺô֪ǻᾭģзġ
ȥɣ
𱡵Ʒ⼸½ĵҩûʲôԳ䵱¼ġ½ģƫҲ̫أЩϴĵҩ챻𱡵ƺӮˡ
һ̳ӣ˶ӣˮ󻨡֪ҳһ̣žؼողɺг˶ٶϼơѩʮҪӻҪ÷֣
ɺвţιιιҪѪ֮ˣƶɮʮ죬Ǿ㲻ƶɮһ⣬ôҲĹԼɣ
Ѫ֮𣿡½еԥɵתͷ𱡵ƣ˵ļٵģ
𱡵ͷҲ̧
ֽƭģȼٰʿȻҵǮˣ˵ĳĳѪ֣֮Ҷٶӣҿ԰㻯⡣˲ţƭӾͻĳĳСȥŻǮΪƭӹȻδ֪ķҶ֣ƭӸʦ涪ȥ


27 ȴ˼
˲ڿ
ɺڿ, Ҷޱϵķƶسضǰĳ𱡵֡
ƶɮûƭǰ
˭Ĵ˭С𱡵ҡź, ֣
ʩ˫ʩ½ʩɺ˫ץŴϣһѩ⣬ӵؼɱﵡ
ž
𱡵ƽѷϣ˴εתһȦϣڵƣ˫, ½˿ڱϵֽžһˡ
ҶֳţֻڣѾǻĶ, ׼һӥȮצѲðԼϳȥιңǸӥȮצ
ʵ, Ϊ
ۡĲɺйڴϣεбɣ¶һҷȱ΢Цʩ, Ե
⡰ۡҲʲô, Ȩҧɡ
ҶҰο

𱡵һ, ĵ̾˿ͺ¿ʲôǲϾ˦ţƤ, ν˲Ҫ޵С
ա
ɺб˫һմʵ, ¶˲õЦݡ
𱡵ƶ½˸ɫƾЩĲȾˣĬ, ½ûͺ¿˵ڶ仰Ļ, һһҵȥ˼ֱϡ
ʩʩҪ
ɺоʧ, Ťͷ𱡵ƣΪԶ߹½ˣ˵ǲʲô¡ϧʮ죬ԣȫŸǮ;ŵڡ
ķġ
𱡵ưö£ЦŸں档
죬Ե֡
ɺеһеķʧˡ
ѩۼװϵҶֺ¦һʱЩ޷ô·תġҪ˵Ļ¦֡ˣսС۽ǵƳҶһվԱߣ΢˵˵ĳɾ͸кͽ
İɡ¦ԼбҪָͬ˵Ҷ֣ɺǷڵķӣǲɱ˵ġٸȻ㻹ܱϵġҲ̫ġ
Ҷֵؿ¦һۣû
㲻ǵһֱŴյķ򿴸ʲô
ҪҪȥæҶȻ˵˵ʲôɺǷڷΪ϶ʦǸߡҪʦ򲻹ô죿Ҫʦ汻ˣȴԹۣͷ̫ҿƷС϶Ҫ۷ֵİɣ

¦Ĭرȥɱĳϡ
ΪʲôһȱԼͬΪˣƨȲؼ˶ȱĶ飡

ְ֮ǰǿ˳
עʱʵʵڵϵĲɺп۾ֱˣޣʩòǷ⡮ĬĽʯɣƶɮҲⶫ˵һҪѩǧʩƶɮҷԵ
ػ
У㻯Ե𱡵ûεб̫ʦϣһöݥ嵤ڱǰػζԴ˶ԿɺֳζʩĿ֣ʵģֻթ㵹ȥ졣
𱡵ôһԵ½ﶼͺ¿ˡүԽǱŻԽЦӯӯ绯꣬úݡ
Ҳ֪ľ仰˳ү
ͺ¿
½ɤӣڳɷӣԲɺл
ոᡮʲô˼֪Щʲô˵
ɺϥһŷ飬һַǰҪֱжֱƶɮԲ֪ҩȹľ˿Ļһͷ
ʲô
½ڿʲôʷǰİܼӡ
½װ׾˲ͺˣ֧֧᣺ҾըˣҲû뵽ͷôġ
ѽѽ޷޷ɺЦأرҪ棬ҪһƶɮǾĽˡƶɮ˵ҩȹһ֪ˡͽ·ǡһѩţ
𱡵ơŶһȻ
½ҳ߳Ҫһ⣬⡰֮١ҲǸҪԭ
ૣһְ
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λжţɽЩĦɺ渶̸λ֪ǰɽݷԿʦǡеϲʦһ䡣ʦ룬֪ô¡ҹؾԿʦŭĿ˭ժߵģѽ׮ˡ
𱡵ƺ½뿴
°ͬѧ𱡵°ֲ⼸һֱء
ԭ׵ôһںڹȻʮְգԼôֻһӣ
ڳʩ
ɺа𱡵ơ
ֿסöתӣ½ŰѶ̵Ϣػʡ𱡵ЦصŲɺеģ̫һͺ¿ıϢš
ƶɮţ¸ˣϴ˷Ϸôǧ˿ƵĹϵɺһɨüеׯȻһѩƶɮǰһƽƶɮʦ֣֤̫ҾԲǰԧ֮£ô
ž
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һһ׮飬ǲر㣡ʩ½ʩҲԿһ£ټӵӣƶɮǰ׸ؿΣûˣ
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صɡ𱡵ޱ顣
ѽѽɺæһһΣλѵͲ֪ϴ˴ʦڷĵ𣿡
û˻شй˴𰸡
ΪҪɱһˡ


28 //
죿
ɺϲ׽˾֮ɫ, гɾ͵صͷû֮ԸϷ, 谭Ϊ֧֡
ɽԷ£زͨз⡣𱡵ü첻ϲǸ߸ϣµôβˣ
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½ĵؿ˳𱡵һۣҪж᣺øһĿʮйĿѡҪⱾ, ڱֳɸôꡭԣȵȣԷ, زͨз⡯ʲô˼˵ö𣿡
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ʼֻǲɽϵһ֮ǣҲһֱڸ֮ϡ
ʱûС롰֮֡
߰ôʵ󲿷ֶסʮ֮ϣʯǡ֮Ϊۣɷ[1]˵֮ͨͨ죬Ϧ죬ˣϦ[2]صϣ˵ľ뻹Ǻܽ
𱡵Ƶ峺ƽʱ˵潾΢ŵͺ󣬾ͻ羲ˮ·ܴ̫һֱѵڡ
ǲ֪ǰ̫š
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Ϧ˲롣
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ʩǰףȻɺϲɫ漴ֶ̾Ϣʵƶɮ⡮òҡֻܹһ˵һιҪʩǳϵ´ι۵˱Ĺ
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ͷת˼תְдһ³𱡵ơ
㲻ǻܹδ𣿡𱡵ЦݲģѪ֮ʲô֣ϸ㡣Ǯƽ𣬺ҳݣ
˵һ֣жʱžһʵĻƽꡣ
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һԳƹӴ˵ļһƶɮԣޣɺͻȻߣƶɮ´ټ̯Ӳɣʲôԣ㺦
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ƽƶɮ͡
ɺذһߵĽ𶧡
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ɺһȭǽϣ֡
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ݳϾĲõ·ת˲һƬ棬רŲҶûһ
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խķͬʱ𱡵ƵĽ½ĵŵӡ𱡵ΪͣɺδȫָһʱȻҲ˸лءһ, ɺз֣ȻΪãΪЦĳ𱡵ƿΪʵ, ֻΪߵ½Ǹӣ˸϶, ˳𱡵ƺˣֱ½
۳ŲɺԼӣ½־, , һ, ɺһ˦, ͬʱ𱡵ƶ˴һס䣡
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ʩ˼аɺо֣ڡҩȡ̫ڻɽɲˣģ
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治ĹӷΧӹ𱡵Ƶͫס


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31 ʹ
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, ֪ĸմϵ˪
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ճֻܰ󷨣𵻸ֻԼ
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է۽, է۽[1]ɿסڵָעӺˮƮpѣм־ִ, 벻, ϲԾ, , ܾġ뷨ɣʦ;ôҡ, һʼʵϲ, ᡣ
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˵гªһ棿𱡵˵
յ˵˵˲֪p֮Ӻζ˺˵޵ĺ죬ɫ
ɫ
𱡵΢΢һü
ո˵ʲôһ˾СףŮյ˹:գ˹ˮ
˵˶ٴΣҪףٲҲúûûСġղ᲻һСѾͷԴ
СףŮ˹գ:ɴҶգƾʲôҺҺã
˵Ưƽȡ𱡵ΪݵСơ
СŽţֱۺԴһգһգؿų𱡵ơӵ۾ֺɸɾʱǳ档ϸϸس˳𱡵һᣬȻ߸˵Ҳ:˸ҲƯ
Ưͬһ˼ɣԼƯݰɡ
վﲻԡ
𱡵Ƴ°ͣ:õòүȷƯöһ޶
үףʦ𣿡СһԲԲС:գԺԺ𣿡
ɳ񡣡ոһԣȥ̳Ѷ׼ãһ

СףŮתһһԶ
˵ɫǹˮ𱡵ʡ
⣬͸һɡpǵ˺ܶ࣬һ£ǲ˿pǵһĻġΪʲô̾˿֪ˡ

ǽϪϪӻۣͳ˺
̳ԼʮɣԼʮ£̳Љأǽķŵһ̳أ²ûˮУϲ¸졣ʱķ¸ףʦףŮѶȼʮյ
ɢЩ
ķ飬Щ
ȥЩ
̨ϣһʬ̤裬߿
𱡵ԶԶؿֻ̺ӵ·ȻһˣׯϣããˮʺѰأںȻƮĺķ߳Ļǡ

ķµףʦףŮ߳
պյûؿڣ̨У϶£ʿѪҺ𽥰̣ʱ˿̣һ䣬ѪȴȪӿɫ졣
⣡ԣΨֹЪ
⣡޼ΨֹЪ

ˮл֮ŹǴͺķšԭˮ׵ĹյѩһƬ̳Χسϼ⡣һββp֪ʱ̨ΧȺ۶裬ӦףʦףŮǵĸĸף縸֣Ѱ㣬شߴٲ֪Ʈλ귵硣
𱡵ưס̫Ѩ
֡ˮõpǵķԣ𱡵ûѧͨκһֳһһʲôͺƵǧǧ飬ڽӴƵɾһ׹İ﷭ӿĺ
ǹȥ֮˵ĻǰĪҪںڰоôһյƵ
ޱ޼ʵֹţĻް
˭ǰ˹µһյ
˭һһ
ʹԣʹ궨񰲣ҲʹȻ
⣡˽룡
һߵ࣬һ̵Ѥáͮڷڷ̨Ϸˡ
⣡ˮ⣡
Ƶķɻκ£һɵĻʢֻԻ͵غ£ɲǼû˸߸ߵ̳û˹ȥ֮ˡ
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ǰΪpǣ𱡵Ʒʡ
̨ϻմ߲ѪѪһε£һԿУӰɢͷСʱһ뵽ԼˣҲҪι;úܺ£ŵʱö˶˵һʱ򷴵Ҫ֧顣뵽ֳͻ۴ΪЦ˺öꡣ
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𱡵ƳĬš
˵䣬βpεߣزաָ֣ذ˰һԲԲĶͷ
ƶңְҹгpߴתʱʱʱʵֲΪȥȥǼʱǰ˵
͸·ֿǸƫִֵС
Ҿ͹ڷһö졣֪pңҲԲȣǾͻһֱңǲǻȥp뿪̫ãʵ£ĪܺݶֵزÿȥԼˣСǵġ
һp˦һβ͡
Сʱ˵˾ͷһ£᲻صؽѵ㡣
˵ЦһģǳpҡҾûôԶΪ˺ö죬ʵһ춼Ҿ͵ȥˡȥʱҺȻָоԼױڱϡʵǸףǳpܶܶp㡣
Ǿۼһ𣬰ӻ谵ķ˳ȥ
ǵƬ䣬ϵĹȴŵů⣬Ϥ˺޵ů⡣
Ǹ׿ļĸ˫֡
ɢpϣǧ纣㽫Χ
p㣬ؾССpιգȥˮ
ٺʱһЩpǵˣҴ·ľˣһЩ֪pǹˮļһǾùˮ̶Ѫȡʲôֻһ㶫ǱΪŵʹҰ顣
Ƕʲô
հ˰Լ۽ǣֳһöۡ
p̰ʳѪ⣬ǳ˲Ը뿪
pǵûֻһζ̡̳
Ƕһβ㣬󶼻صȺ


32 pҹн
һѽ𱡵䲻˵

һ, ûӦ⻰ôԾġ
ʲôöȥۣǿ컹ǿpǣ𱡵, 㶵ղ죬ҽ轣
괩Ŷſһֽɡ
Ȼ費裬顣
ֽɡһظһص𱡵ػԶ, ߽ֻһɵĻûˮϴ
վˮУЦá
轣˵費迴顣λ̫ҵСʦ, ѵԼͲúì
ȥ̫ۿյͷһp˵, ôôλСڵġһǸ˼Űɣ
pιѵϼͶϡ
ϡʱĸǣס֡
ôյ, , ô
pΡ
ףų𱡵ȥķ, ɫԼЩСʱʲôԾ, ԥͻŤͷȥĸݣѰ׵һ, ĸ׵һ΢Цʱȥô, Щ
ҡҡ
Ҳ֪Դ
ǡ
գɤ, СףŮյܽˮ󣬡ճȥ, ˵Ҫ㵱ѧĶʣ¶٣仰ŬճƵǻѧ˸ķ֣ѧʱ۾еȻֻգҪȫǲǾҪˣ
Ϊ𣿡ɫ糣תԴһ£ҵóġءˣϴһˣдС֡
Ŷ
Сβϵϳϳϴ󲻸ˡ
ա
ӱ𣿡
ջջգ

һһС˽Զpңιԡ

pǽֵ۴αȣԶʤǡ
Բ˿࣬Ҫ˽һ籺p޾ı仯гƥѵģв֯ģй˿ģҲкƴģ˵ȵȣڿ˼ĥɫĴҪīճ๴ߡ֬ʯضҷҡڹá
ҲҲ죬ִҲԲһ£λһҹγһУƮøͷѩѩԡ
С֦޲ȣ
ĥգ

оĽڶpǵ˿ߺʱβϵúܳת糪һ㡣
𱡵Ƴɡͣͣ
̯ɼɡ֪ˣкʱ顣𱡵Ƴֺˬɳơܼҡش̯ǰȥ۵ģֱ½ѩСæҵؼǮ㶼ãѶ˾ߡ
ѽѽľ͹ˣľ͹ˣ
˫ȲĹ̯ӣ֣𱡵λӽŵùǺա
̯Ȼ⹳ĻҲֻЩȽʯòͨվĥ⣬֮Ϊ񡱡ͷʶڳ𱡵˵ӵüֱĿվѣһӦ޷ִС˿š˼𱡵·ʱƳ̯һ׺˺ʯþ£
𱡵Ʋɡǰߡ
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ڱżغһת۾ʧС
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Уôȱģļ۶ҪʲʲôС桯զû˵СĲá
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ǹལպ̯Э飬һ̯һİѶҪֱӰǵлȫߡ
һɣ˲ϲɫ㲦žһƬ
һЩСɵֱ״pСʵûɶʵüֵǺްԣǣ͸֬ˮһǿŮ޷ܾ⡭رǴеطɫ⣬ȥܻӭ
ѾãʱҪôóү˵ġӪǡɾӡȥ
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š
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½һߺһ߰׷ȥ
С֦޲ȣ
ҲҲ죬ִҲ

ĸվСƹſڣһѤ续pǳҹС
޵ƣҷĳpȴյùޱȡ
޾ĳpӽֵϿĺϼϸżǺ«ĺͯͯЦţƤ˳pļ»Ȼ󱻳pһβ㱳ϡСЩĳȺһһ̯ӵľ˲תתȥ
pˣվŻȥô㡣
𱡵ǰ𡰹ˮʱһĻ˵pǵ˶һβ㣬ǻصȺ˽룬pǵÿλͷתףĿӹp㣬֪ǰİǵһֱߡ
pǡ
˺ĳǡ
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ǵǵˣǵ֪ǵĹôôνһЩ˿гΪ⡣
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ӷ𡣡ɺ˫ֺʮ
š𱡵Ӧһ߰ɡ
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˭Ҳûɡpһ̤С
һᡣ
٣˵˭Ըȥɡģйġ
ȥȥ½½󣬡㡣
ƾʲôȥˣոսʱɡ

½һ˶߳ˣʱŤͷȥδЩɵҪԼǵõʱƹƹں溰Ǽֻǵʱߣ˭ûע⵽ͷߣ˵ǰܰɣ
ֲ֮ǰз۽䣬ҪҴҵظϹɡء
pǵ꣬üֱ˹
õõã޿κΣһߣӣܾܣܾܣ˭һ˭ơû˵꣬͡ݡ˳ȥ
ˣ½ֵظȥ
ƶɮҲ
𱡵Ƶж䣬һ̣ȺȥһʱЩ˺ðΣ׷ͱץסӡ
һתͷǸʶСӡ
Ұ͸㡣

ճҪף˾Զլӡ
ǡpɰͺ죿
𱡵ƾϸе໨ѡССһѣ򿪺ʢɰĺ࣬ɫ
ⶫҲûðɣ
ۡ
ԭʼհеСľż֪ʲôʱ䵽˵ϣ鳤θߣΪһԵӰʦڷ谵Ĺ
ʦ΢΢ų𱡵Ƶסյ
Щ԰׵ƹˣ׷ɵɴֱӰҲޣָһ𱡵Ʊһ£Щӿ۽һ࣬Ȼס
˵Ļǰࡣ
ˣ


33 üӯӯ
޴󰭡
Ŷ𱡵Ƶͷ, Ȼʣ׷ƭң
׷ʦ𱡵Ƶһ, ʢɰѣתӵһ࣬ûƭ㡣
ǰô˵װɵ
ľżֻʩܰѿż˵ʶһʦм־ִٵؽ֮ͣ⣬Ǹͨ׷յŵϣҪʶ, 㡭
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֪Ϊʲôڱ, ֲ̫Ը˵
ۣ𱡵ָǳһһƲתʱ, ָȾһĨͨ͸ĺ죬ϸɰָָֻܿһƬ, ʲôûʣ, 㲻ʮ֮𣿻pǵĶ
š
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ˡ
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䣬һᡣ
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ûԥûгɡ
ĵһҲϲˣһҲˡ
ΪЦͲˡ
ʦ˵ʲô˵ֻоؿںз·֪ЩʲôҲ֪ԼôȻ۵ô
ҷ֣ЦЦ۾ۡ
˵ʲô޴󰭣˵ʲôЦͲۡ
ƭ˱ˣƭԼ
𱡵ư̫һһαһӰ밵ӰŲıϲŭû취塣
Ͻȥۡ

Ͻɽľ
ܲգŨ䣬źֵɰ罣ǽڵҼ̳ûһȦľİΧ֮СϵٿͭɫһһƬһƬãã
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޶ϽжɵУжģϽһôҲ벻Ǿ̲ݡҶֻϽ˷ѾذֵĵطȥҲϽ̵ζ
ǰиЦУ峤дǧ֣ʹΪҰ֮׹֮䡰ɲһ̣Ϲơļ峤ѧ峵ôʿУＤ̸һɣϼûټ
пȥݼϣ̴ˡ˹֮¡ϸһֻƮ
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ʦԺľ̳ɣԽߣ۲ҵǼʱ·һĲӥߡ
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˰̶˿ģָ㣬ǵ״˽Ĵκ˵治װѹȺС̣һһ

ʡ
ֻһѾֱƲ˵׼ȥնɡôȥȺСӣԺûطĥˡ

ʦĬ˺ܾãûش
̳ϲŻѣѵĹӡʯϣճʯͷվõ·źʯ밵³𱡵۽ǵۺ͡һҲѪݣĸʦ嶼ϲá
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š
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ǻᣬ𱡵ƾżȻشһţû߽أĳּȼعϡ
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Ĵ׶һ̳ǰ̷Ҳ˵ˡ
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ԭ˵ǡô򡱣ʵתתöλе󲻾ʱ˸ŵġ

ʦֱӳ̳ȥ
˵ģҲȫ˵ˣֻϽû˵㲻ȥɡۣϰʮ仰ž䲻õشĴ㲻ȥбȥˡ
Ųһͣ
ˣ˼æһ䣬ôȥһΣֱȥֱϻ
ŲɽȥˣƵ³̣̾˿
ʲôʲô̵ûһЩ£ǲܵǸİ
һᣬһϸĴҴҵ
ϣ̫š
˰̶ʯϣ

չؽ̫һ̳
pǵĴС룬УǰվСˮȣ֣ࡣķ¸ʮףʦףŮݸս̫һ̨Ϻݳվڵڶ̳ϣͺһ𣡡
ˮ
̳֮⣬УһƬƬɵˮɽյĵĺ򡰺һȼ·ˮϺȻƬҶϿˮײת˲乹һؽڵ
ˮԹ۵¦һ

૵ɫӡ
ÿһˮÿһαãһתĿãǾţϾȻͬʱˮƣȻô΢֮óһޱȵ
ǵûд
յȷɽĵһš
û뿪ɽûлصpǣûpϺľ˭ܿ϶˵¡
Щ˾ͷ·ֻΪ˾̾
Ҳૣʲô̫һô𱡵ƣƽ߯Ƕ˰ɣ
𱡵ϣԼô֣飬һȣϥϸ˸Ѱ¿ڵġԣͷҲ̧ػҪɡ
ʲô˼
˵㳤òÿ𱡵ƽ͡
ޡȻŭǰݵʱҲǸСɾ𣿡
ʲô½ˣ°룬㻹ݵʱ򣿡

¦˿ٴξԼ⼸һվһ飬Ǹ
׼ƹ棬ߵĵطҶʳ𱡵ƣʦ棬ܲܳɹ𣿡
ܰɡ𱡵룬־عһǧˣҲͳɹôһ
ȻҶЩ󣬡αشµؼ죿ֱӵԼȥͺˣ
¦Ųһ١
ǰΪʲôԼȥ
Ȼp㴦ʱֻҪpڣͲǳҪôм찡ֵǣΪʲôճϾȻҲӦˣ
ϣ¦ת˻ġ־ἰǴμ죬ʲô
޴ζгǣԻ𱡵ö÷ӣ˳ڴ
ʼˡɺд
һ˲䣬˳
һƬɲ֪Ļ۳ɵĺ㣬ǲ̫p뺣ǧˮôӿӰ첻ǵĵȷȷ˳ˮŭ
ˮһĴųͤͤһյյɣĴٲϳ棬ĳ˵սľǣײкִ˷¾ˮһ̺ƴ糱
򣡡½ָźеյǿû𣡡
ǵģˮͣˮеȴû
û𣬷ԽȼԽ
ճϡ¦˵
ճ̳ϣ죬ߵغѹļͷλѩ𱡵˷ˣȻֱͦȻʱὣｼնĸ
һ֧֮ͨص󷨡
غ֮ɣ䣡
ο֡
£ظ
ԣᡣ
磬Ϊp
ʱгǡ
֮µףŮףʦߵݣ裬Ůֿ
ǳʲô½ʡ
ܾɺеش𣬡pԼ˵Ϊʱ硣طֿ˵棬˱ڴϣ֮Ա㽵һ磬绯Ϊp
ppܵĵطһǣӴɢǸ۱ڳϢ
ܾȴس֣˳ǽεض𣬳֯
ϸڤ̻
ڸߴŰݣ߿
¡
ľ
ԡ
ˡ
ˮϣⱻˮ䣬ˮ⽻ת˲Խף˾¶ϱķչ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǣ˹꣬ʶϪȫһ֡
pǼҼһſڶһյһ
Ů٣ٷŰݣ
£
ԡ
ײǳĵ̳
ճΪһ֮ƣ֮ǣ鷢ҡ紩ķţˮһ𣬹̨ģٴӿ뺣
˿Уһһ㣬ѵվ縺
£ԡ
վֱһ
ɽ纣Х
֮ˮĺճϣˮͤеĲɺСҶ֡¦½Լ𱡵ƣ


34 
ʱš
ӶȥȺɽ½ǰˮȹŮˡҶּȼյĲľ¦ڵµӰϤԶȥ׺ͫһӶ, ת
ûһ½û
ˣ
ݳϱŭ, һԾ𣬰νն̳ߴա
ʲô
磬ձ룬ȴûһ˿ѪŽ
Ӱ̫ʱ¶һѸٵɢܵơˮϼ硭ȫѸȥɫʣ·𻭲նƣճ˴ײֽһҳ硣
޷ˮҲ޻
յڹѵĺ, ȼֻһνڵоµףŮףʦټˮͤĳ𱡵ƵҲʧˡ
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ճվոոŵĵط, 仺¡
Щ㳤١
ǻɫģ̳ǻɫ, ȸ¥̨ͤԼԶһзҲǻɫģΨӰڡ
СʦЦˡ
ûںڰ, Ρ
˱Ī, ҪǵС, ɽīʦȥһˡճ˵
ְѽ, һ㺮âָŵʯ·ܲסĳַϢسѺ, ȴһ̶, Գ
˭Ҫpǵģŵʲô
ʦ𣿡ƺЦЦ, ̳ΧӰһǹ׳ɿݺ, £/硣

ճϺǳ⣬̸һãĳ㰵ĻǡǱŽ䵽ף䵽ˮ̨ͤŤӰϣת˲ͰճɫĻ̡
޲ɼڤ粻飡ʲô˵ĻţΪЩһﵱ߹ǾĻгŵҿĳǳȥˡ
ʦ֮ɽڲҲڵϵ߹𣿡΢΢Ƿ·ڴǰĿϣʦ󣬡Ϸ壬ޣɽ󲻽ӦԮ֣ⲻϵǰʲôֻߡ
ʼձϹϾһֱڣĵ׵Щ񵶽Ȼʶ
Ҳ˵Ȩ⣿
̶ͣգš
Һ޺ܾ˰ɣճس˿̣³ģۣסʱǲ˿ϾҪסף˾ǿɱ⣬Ҫܴ¶Űɡ
ղҡ
˵
ǰҾУֵøͷţһϿﻹҪʲôӦʲôӦǡ޾ǺޣҪִʲô֮ûճɿ̶ںʯϣǰһס׷紵Һɽ󣬶ԣΨö̫λ֡ﻹĽɣʲôʱѧˣ
յͷ
̫һڱϻУ΢ϻȴʮͭס
һѽ
죬ҽ轣
ſֽɡнԶȴˮ
ձ˱ۣ˵pǺǴɽѪɫһɲˡ޿ڣ޿ɾ壬壬սȨ⣡
͵ۣĿ
ʦָ̣
类ڰ֣Ӱǵء

ǽ߻ܡ
ɵɵվ˽ϣһʱֻԼ߽pǵӰ
ģૣô£
һΪλӰ¶磬ӦǹۡɺԱߣΣˮ£л
ʲôʲô˼½ûס
ûףû㶮µô¡
ֻǵãոջھмʽǧ𣬻ԻޱȣȻ˭Ŷ˫һԭصˮͳǾˣڹӰֿڴߵס
ȻͷԼվ˽֡
˽ֵһУҹʱһģһ
ͷӻͷС֦ĻС֦ΪһǮѿҲڡ˺ﶼû䣬ֻжȥɫʣûҳһƬ
֮áΪĺɫڡ
ûҷp㣬ûת۹⣬Щƥ米һƬУͷ·һýѪľ
˼Ǳɱˣ
¦ɫذγؿЩֹˡ
ˮ¾лٲʵ֮ǸոտļʽֻǸαװֻǱϿڼ죡ʵϣתǸǳģھһ֮ɱǡ٣
˵˵ţ¦ʲô̲סƿڴ
˵ʲôŲлˣƭĸС֪ҪǰŲʮգճϻԸʽûֱӺճԿַճϵΪ󷨡
ʲôճϵѧ𣿵߱ʦʮⰡ˵ڰɣѵͷӵܻp̺ʱ̫ռǺ޵ڣ˵ˡгҲǸճǵģʲô£ˣ
Ȼʲôææ
ҡ㡢½ͺ¿Ҷ֡ȵȣүأ
¦һæ»
ԼԼǵñʱճƺʲôճˣʱûճϲ⡣һ½ҶֻвɺУһˣȫۼpҹе˽ϡ
˸𱡵ƣ
ƶɮ롭ɺĵؿڣɱƺǳųʩȥġ
ļٵģͺ¿ĪҪЦһҿһΪΪ𱡵ưѽصطųүһģͷȻרŵҪɱүģҲ߯ûû˰ɣ
ô˵ţʶͷ½һۡ
һӣӱ˴пѹסľź͵ǡ
˲֪ˣǿ𱡵һҵϵ¡һɷѿĵҪɱ𱡵ƣʶؾ뵽Ƿȥ˵©˷֪𱡵ǸаһҪħɣ
Ȼպͳ𱡵ԩ޳ģôؾ͵ɱ
ô죿½ŵʣ𱡵Ϊôͣǵÿҵ
ûôңɺҡҡͷƶɮţͨЩ۳ף󣬲ֹһػþ̳Ϊ̳أӦҲءƶɮ֮ƶɮ뼸λʩӦĻճв㣬ڳʩһػ
ǿ
Ҷĵҵ𱡵ƣͻȻ۽ǵƳֵ
ʲô
뿴ȥ
˽ԭֹ񱻶ĳһֵ̣˶մ߽õĽ̳һ˵ġʱҽ˵۽ǽسһɫɫѸת˲һСƬۡ
ۡɺе
۳ֺ󣬼žĽֺȻֱС
С֦޲ȣ
ҲҲ죬ִҲԲһ£λһҹγһУƮøͷ
ĥգ

оĽٴδ˷ϮΧȴپЩ糪裡ֵϣСƹСŮˡȫŤͷضǣ۾ڣ׹ߣ
Ҿá½ţɱصĻȥȳүǳүὣɱǵĿԸһ㡣
Ĺƨ䶯촽ѾˣүĽ۵ǸĹεļһˡ
˵䣬һײ¦¦ײҶ֣ҶײϲɺС
˾£һȦս
ĥ˳ţֵ˶ӿ˹
Ѫɽ

ડ
䵽ˮĺ棬һһССԲ
̳Ǹ̳ƬͤͤҶɵϵĺȼţˮӯӯûףʦҲûףŮ̳ûճҲûգˮͤҲûˡ
ﰲ޷޳
಻ߴʯ̨С
һµ꣬ʮָ棬ʯ̨ϡ
ʱ裬ü۾潾Ű¾˯ȴԵøϸϸմŵ۽ϣ糿¶۽ǵᡣ
֪˶ããȻۡ
ң˭


35 ηתͷ
۾, أʱãȻˡ, ϡЩϤȻǵһڳκ֮Լ˭ܿտգû˸𰸡
û˸Ҳûϵ
˫ֳʯ̨ϣӸµظ̳Χˮ⡣
ԡǮܡ̳ΧһȦɵյȥСʱǲһ, ꣬һƬĳµĴ𰸣𡣡
ˡ
ͣ
ճ𡣡
㻹˶ʮյûأ̲ס, ̳ԶˮͤӰֳ︡޳Ӱô, ջŶԡ
û㰴һȦյº͵ؽͣ, Լϲ, Ϳͣˡ㲻ô
ʱȻ, һ, һ£Դǿ, Ҳ͸ŵаСʱ, Ҳùżķʽĳ, ǵһ治ɫذѶһƬٵ
谵Цһ, Ϊʲôң˭
˸еķӦɡ
Ųɣֵطʣʲôǵã֪Լǲʲôʱ㣬㡣˭һֻ֣߰߸ɴ౨ħͷָңŻǲţ

һʱ侹Ȼֲ˻û˻û󣬹˻˳Ļʡ
ճأ
𡭡
껷ܣһյɵҡҡҷҷⵥ
ơ
ճơ
𱡵ơ

𱡵ƵʲôҰ
½Щˣŵվ˽ֵģָͷöһ¡
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˸ۣ½ʮһҲδ̫˰ɡ˭ᵶţ̫Ҿᵶ˭Ųţ
š½ԣǷ𣿸Ҷ̫Сʦ֣̫Ұpƽ𣿡
һ˵ôӣҪԭ򣬡ɺתķ飬Ҫôɱ̫ǿɱˡҪôɱ߱вˣһˡʩΪռģǺˡ
ʲôԭνˣ½غֻ֪ʲô
һָ˽֡
ܲʹ죿
޹ֺ½˱ꡣ
һʼ½صر˽ϵΧסеţȴֺɣЩͨûв𣬾Ϊ͵һ̵üȵһֶɾ󣬼˸Ҫ뿪ȥط;ǰһʶһ㱡
ٴѣͷԼվһһģһ˽ϡ
ոձɱЩˣֶö˶˵ڽֵϡ
κ½ˡ
ǖһҹ䣬ȫǵ˶ƣûѭöġ
½ʩ԰꣬ɺ˼ӷ𡯣ǻɱ󣬡áʵǡġ֡㿴ʲô࣬Ϊ˸ıģ̨ҡƣ֮ʣ䲻طʵʶ򲻿ɷ꣬಻и
ô죿½Щֹ꣬ܲرɣ
ǻȥȳ𱡵ء
ȻҲǳ𱡵ǡ
ۣǻҲ⡣˵۾ͿԳȥˡ
˵˵ɺеϧ󲻱Ѱ۳ףˮƺͻⲼˮⶼת֮֮ãҵúܡ
Ҳиɰɡ
ͷ綷
ǡǾûоʲô𣿡һֱûô˵ҶֺȻڡ
ִͷβԾɣ
ǣҶֿŽֵ࣬е㲻ȷûҹĶ𣿡

༸һãȻؿ
Ҷһ黨̯˼ôѭҲ˵ɣÿһ¿ʼp۷֮һΰȫļ϶
ûӽ̯ӡ
༸˸ãȻˣӽ̯ӣʲô

ҶٴʶЩƽʱ׵¦ڣЩŲԺȵļһҲϲض֣ʵ֪ͨƽʲôӡ
ӽ̯ӾǳԵġ
Ҷַغ
еʱһ㶼ӵļ裬ҹľͶˣʲôˮ⡢ɸӼƤ顢϶÷ӽϸǩһһһݵطϻ־ͽӽܱ˵ģʮǮһݡҶŬ룬ʲôգֻҪǼᣬЩɡûţ֪ǲǻ
һ£ǹҹеĻûЩΨһԵĵطǾƹүĶѳأҼǵռѼһڶûһֻ
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ҸǮҵʱȥˣûû
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½ش֮ԼǵôȫΪ˖ǣ⻹½ӵһθǮ
ԭҲǸűضǰغӵļһ
ʮһӣҶֳ˳գһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôźá
һŤͷƹݵķߣʲôڵꣿߣӾȥ
ôˣ½һͷˮ
½ӣҶؽͣһվͨʮģҲһһＦԼʮʮģ㰴Լġһʮһӣ׵üֱֱ˵ԩͷûԩͷ
һ¦˵һ˵һ
ʲô£
ʱһ·˼Ҫ֣̽ûһʳ̡ʱpҷ̫֮ʢĿ籺ֻpԲ˿Ϊû⡣룬ȷ֡¦˶٣΢Щ
ʵû̫ԭֹǾp
оΪѹǣͱٹˣȻƽʱûʲôߵļӣʱǻǣ˺߲һ
Ҫһ͵ġ
ʳסУʳԷ˵Ҫġ
˶񣬸½ھƹûмΪҪ̫ߣƹƳ
½ҡҡͷҪУҲôɵ𣿡
ˡ¦ܣ󱳻һ˿⣬ʳ۸ߵ棬֮ȴû飬ֻһ
ǣûжٳԵˣ
˵䣬ϵٴۣ
ҲҲ죡
С֦޲
գ

ϤоٶˣϤת̬ΨȱѪ̥֮ȥҪĲΡ
һˣ˵ɺʱȻתᵶ£

ɺ˫ֺʮӲؼסĵ
˲䣬½һס˲ɺк󱳵·Ҷֺ¦һģҲܿؾһһңμܵ˲ɺвϡ
λʩǺ⣿ɺһɫҪڧҪڧ
ͺ¿װʲôɵذѵѹp֮ǰͿڿ˵ǻѪ֮֡pϤѹͲһƹҲ˵pҹѵϡģѻͺ¿ӿհмӦ
л˵л˵ƶɮȷǵһpǣ
¦ѽѹһ֡
ƶɮԩ˲ڿƶɮһֱ˵滰ֻǲŰˣɺ̾λѵ˳μʱƶɮʲô𣿡
ɵɵɵ裬ƼٻǱ½һ¡
ߣΣɺнӿڣηΡ
͵ذһɣһ
һڻɫĴڿն
תͷգ

ʲô𱡵һ£̳߲ļ̳ϣԶ߳ǽֵķչճꣿ
ûнڻ䵽ϰɡ
һֱڰΪ̫𣿡𱡵䲻ʣֲ֮۵ľɼΣ߳Ҳˡ
ǳĬ̾Ϣһת˳ģ䲻ϼѣۡ
𱡵ƻͷ
ͤվһˡ
ˮӡϣԶĺþԲ˵ϼѡǫһ»߽о뽳˹˾ʮңԶˡ°ѩȾ
㻹һ㶼û䡣
˵


36 ճ
ʲôط, 𱡵ؾָߵʯ̨δزʲôƭ, Ͼʧѳ֪ҲǾò˥Ϸˡ
ôôϲϷҲЦЦ嵭󣬡ʲôǵˣǵǧϷŶΣ֪ø֬, һѺų̂ˡ
ȷ
𱡵һʯ̨̳ȥ
չ棬ȴûûˮ̤յ, ˮңңš
𣿡
ôɨһеĵյջ, 
ûˮ׼𱡵̤һƬƬɣӺ߹, °ڲֺδ, Ȼһʱǲ, ܾþǰʶ, ҲǡͶ࡯͡ԡ
̧ۣ
лֱ˵
гͰε
Ͷں׵Ӱˮƻƶ, Ǳ˲ϢΣ, 𱡵ƵĻ·ǱŵɱȻ֮ľȻܽ, ȻǰνӵɱѾ롣
ҡҡͷ
ˣ˵, ֻ㿴һϷˡ
ʲôϷ
ճꡣ

ꡣ
͸ꡣ
½ʵʵش˸սյֶЩ£ͺ¿붳ǣ
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δ󡭡
üͷܡվмϤĽֵϣݼ¥ϸбɵȻԵʮѾǰһƬҳľʵpǡpδѵpǡ
΢ش˸ս
һĿópߵpǣֹԻֱͣǡ
ɺ˵ǻδ
ɺ̾˿Լķ˿ƶɮ⴮Ƿ״֮ƶɮԭƾǿƿ󣬴λطpǣ֤סû뵽齫Ƿ۳ףġԽˡ
ۡ¦˶٣˭ġԽ򡯣ʲô˼
Խǡħϡһģƺͬѣ˼ࡣɺгü̾¿ɾ͵ԹǷڵЩϼһˣһһննŶˣҲֵַҡ
ԭɺе⴮Խ򡱡
ˣ񱻻ԣ㡰Խ򡱵һ֣˲ɺоܹġԽͨȥû뵽ʶƵģߵ⣬ߵҲǺͻͨġն߱ʦɱˣҲʧ
ƶɮΪƺʱ޷飬ֱӶɻ۳ף԰Ǵ۳ףļˡɺ޿κεһ̯֣˼ǣ취۳ףԽ򡣡
үģ˳ǣҲ̫˰ɣСһɱǣӾȻָȥлʲôлǴ굶ܹȥͺͷҲþͻسɷ𰡣
ꡣ
¦һƣ۾ضŽһͷ
ˡ
ֻչȻǣһ˹ʶ㣬˫뼫ֵûʲôִټߵǰ
˾øְ
쵽ˣٺﳳˡ
ǣ뵱ףŮС۾գ˵òãǳף˵ͬġ

һһСŽԶˡ
ɿ½һ¡
ԽգǼʱҪһЩֻףʦСļҲԶûǼʱôᳵ졭˵ʵǺҲûʲô飬⧲ʱֻ֡үȻҶ֡ķŭ۵ǲ񖎳ǰףһһ˸ӡ
ֺ͸е㲻һ
½ھᣬ¦ѾԽˣԸȥ
һĴȡ
ôˣﻹиò˵Եţ鷢̫ͻȻڴҶ㣬룬ոڻ˽ϣ¦ӽƼֱǰδе׺
ߣϸϡ
һ֣β
һ˿ҪƹֵսʱǰߵպȻͣ½ŲͷС˵һ᲻Ҫܣȥ˵һ¡
СԹԵվס
Դǰȥ
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ͷҲҲСˣȥô찡

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ղǷǣԺ̸úڽֽǵȵȡֻ¦ЩЩ̸յԽʲôϵ
ţԺĶԻ𽥱ü
һǣͲá
Ϲ˵ʲô˴ֱشϣﶮʲô
˵ЩҲŮ˷ݣ㵹˵˵ЩʲôԼԺȲҪʲôɽʲôpأpô죿
ǻ𣿡
ƨáŮЦףʦʲôһȥɽһţ˼ꣿкԶǰ;໮

¦תͷȥա
ղ԰׵վԭأһСᣬ̧µȥš
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Ժ·ж򷭣Ųش˳Ÿ֨һ򿪣¶һŻŵĸŮӣգ㰡ͷӿȥӣ
ˣɫ糣ЩǸ⣬Ҹոˣ˵һ
ѾͷŮһߵǸһ߰á
ĶԻؾģˡ
¦˼ײˡ
½ҶüͷŽվڱȻҲ˸ոյ
λʩǰpҲǻ̫ġ
ɺŷ飬˵

Ŵ򿪡
ŵƽƶת˲ڳǧĶˮ̵̿ĺڽгߣͷĸŮƽе¢Уͷݵǣˮţཬ𱡵վһԼĪɳĳpϣļĺˮЯŴεĳ¾
ģϵĸؼص
¹ϡ
Ұ
ŮֱӦ͡
pӿ
ֹ󣡡
ȺĳpԾˮ棬ƬԡǴڸͷɹһѤõˮ顣ȺڳĿлһɫĲʺ磬һͷˮָĺӵ˳ӶΣγһξٴθ߸Ծ
֮²Ļѩڡ
pۻԴչ⣬ƮƮ䵽𱡵ߣȻ벻ˮ㣬ʵҲ벻̫û꣬ǻûչ⣬ǻ
ΪҪߡ
𱡵¢˼
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Ҳй⡣
֡
p֮죬ɣ֮֮࣬ػ
ôһӣ𣿡

ˮܵľѸٱ仯
ͥԺܵŮʧˣ¦˾վԭأ֪Խڷ仯ôһʱ䣬Ķֻ׷ӵĶԻʱʱԣģ
գ˹ˮ
˵ٴˣҪףٲҲúûûСġ
ɴҶգƾʲôҺãҺã
˵Ưƽȡ
һ仰½Щ
ǰ仰Ӧպ˭Ľ̸һǳ𱡵ƣ

½ò󺰣˵үȻὣǰҺñɺк¦һһסˡ
Χˡ
һһԽֳĻ滹ϤģɲǱƽ̳
ͬʱҲ˳𱡵ơ
𱡵ƴھ̳ԶˮͤߣĿ⾶ֱϴ̳ϡӣԽջǳ𱡵ƣǡ
ȥ𱡵Ǳߣɺһ¡
ɺһָųףµգʾȸ
⣡ԣΨֹЪ
⣡޼ΨֹЪ

ףʦףŮĸãã
Ȼ֪տԼĪػЩ飬ͷԵظ̳ߴͿŵиһʬ塣У½ֱ̣³
һѹľǸаħɣ
½ʡ
ʳʬ֡
¦ݺݵø첲ͱһ£ͱˡ˵յĵѾпߵĸͬʱһӵ¹˳ûʲôؼִйˮʽյֲ԰һࡣ
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ɺ
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ôˣ½ʡ
̽ɱ¦شͫӳǧpûߵľ󣬡ڡ㡣
ȺǻpԲ
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˵Ҫ轣꽥нԶСܽˮקĳףߡһʼ˵ŵأؾ͵ȥ
աˮ˺öࡣ
š
գpǲǲٳ˯ˣ
š
½վԭأؿԶ
شߵŮ˸ͷ˵ʮһҪ֪ǺܶʱֻǸͣ˵ϲŭǲápǣ࣬ްбŽϼɫǾ̾
˽

ʲôֻ֪ǹ͡
ɺгü̾ѰŶԭҪɱǣǶҪɱǡ
֪޿ڣ֪޿ɾ塣
ٳǽͬı


37 ̽ƽ
Ҳ, ãȻؿԽеպͶԶȥ, Ҳն̫𣿡
ǵھƹݵѪӿ
ʱг𱡵ƣ½Χһյһ׵ĺ˵pǵ£˵̫峤˻ţ˵Լδߣ˵ɣǧƺ, Ҳ˵pǰ˰˵pŵס
˵ǵˣȱϵķһ̷ܲ
ò˵ü, ݣлƿЦ
Ϊߵpǳף, һ˿̫峤࿹նЯpΧȥ, ֱŴ, ˴ӰзɳĽ⡣
ʬɽѪ纣, ʮޡ
䱯, ˡ
ôҵһǣܹһĳ, ôͱոһյشĥ, ĥ޼ڽ, ĥֵ׳̽ɱ㣿
һȥˣ
pǽն̫ݵʲôʱ򣿡
¦ͻȻһץסɺУʧ̬صͺ
˵˵
ʮ, ¶ա
ʮ꣬¶աʮꡭ
¦ɿɺУĵغһǵʱ䣬ǵãһ˵Ĺ켣͸򵥵Ǹĳһ̵緢ôЩֶġ
ɽھأʮ꣬¶գչ̽ס
ԼĪꡣ
ʱҪܾòϿۼ;Ϊɣ˥Ͼͻߵġ١롰ϡͷȻͬĸʮ꣬¦֪pʱǷҲٹ½緢
һ꣬ʮꡣ
¦ٴμգᣬߣճϺǳʱִ̬١¦ôٷ绪Ҳʶ;ãǵǸʮٹˣûʶʱѾ˰ꡣ
һꡣ
һﵽ׷ʲô
һźһĳǣģ
¦ƿˣҪʧڻȾͷճ˹ȥ
¦¦
ں¦ȫȻû
յӰʧ֮ǰһץסף죬Ъ˹غ
׷ʲô
ôͱӰ
ʵˣҲݵˡ
ָ죬¦һϯײһƬٴһ΢Щ谵ľڣͷһϤĲգ̫嶯ˣҲǸΪʲôȸңٲãҲð˴ɽɽ
𣿡
¦յѹֶͳ
ɽ𣿡
̧ͷŭݵճϣϤİ
¦ϤճǸЩҵˣڸתƣ޼ӡȻռճϣԵøᣬӲ࣬Ҳţزɽ
ʦʣɽɱ𣿡
ճϳĬò

ǲɱ
¦оյֲвţ߾ȫؿԼάŶʦе𾴡
̫δ֮ףǲɱ
˵ʲôƽ𣬾͹pһ㣬˵ʲôһһڹײĶʮȫ˵ɱˣƽ̫Ҳ˵ʲôһѣ
һ㣬Ҳǻpǧ㣡
ֱعţǻȴ޾ķߺޣpǱ֮ϣө֮£΢СãөҲҷڣһǳ֮ڰ˵ķܲһʮ걧ŭһն
ֺαطҪpɱճ˵ڳɱ
ʦpǻţôһ
˵
һ˭ɱ֮p˭е
pƣÿֻֿлһɽӡҪе㣬͵
ϲУǧϣϣpǡû˰
紩ãճص̾Ϣֶȥ
סġ
ס
Ϊʲôס
һڣһת¦ֻԼ˵գһι˵ϣصؿͷõأڸ¦ֿܵ̿ĵʹ⡣
ɰ˽֮졣
ӿɽѯɣ
һһߵš
աλϣѯɣ졣
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¦˸˰׷ԲԵλϣĳϡһλһλȥǻͷüҡ̾ϢδйôĴ÷磬˵Ѫͻһһȥ
գˣ̫ԭҪpǽġ֪𣿡
֪
յͷһشȥ
֪ɽҡ
Ȼ˾֮Լ涨Ŷ֮죬ѯɣԼŹѯɣΣÿһζѪսͿ֪̿
ա֪
ף
¦ˡ
Ϊʲôٸ֪pն̫ϣΪʲôʮ֮ţ˰ȫˡ
Ϊⲻʲôʵ¡
ͳʮޣ޳ǳذ򣬳ǳÿǵĳףӡɸͳһ졣ǳɹڴִ֮ʱֻǳء֮⣬޳ǳһ֮޷Ĳƽ£ҲѰֹ
pǱôһǡ
޵ǳһͬǩ˳
̫ϽԼڰеȨ͵λ³е·ߣʹpս꽥С³У챾͸Ī⣬ֻ֮ҪһС㼫ϸ΢ƫƣá̫Ͼ׼ָĶ̫΢С¹켣û춯£ɽԲԸѯɣ
ֻһ֮ΪȴҪпɣϡ
һһǣһǰϿɣ
أȨ⣿
ǳҲֻһ̾ϢĹһֽԡ
ٲŻᵱ档
ס
ղԹɽ
ɽpǡ

գˣճץסϽпѪ⣬Ѫ䵽棬㵽ʲô˭а
ǧɺ磬ǧˮīĽֵ뷿ݱ˺ȼգĨȥֱվ˺ڷ˪԰ף·һѪѸߣΪŵ糺Ӱ
Ӱţγ
վչ˫ۣѪ㳲
ȺγϢѸٵĳֿµٶȱǣθߣǰδеΣաճ϶ЩΣջȻһֱ飬¶βסĽͿ־壺㵽ʲô
ףͨףӡóûմ˿̵ı仯Ѿͨףӡķ룡
ʦp˶۵ġ˵֪ʲô𣿡
p긳ǣ۵ˣͳһβ㣬ѭۻָصȺ
ǷԸҲǿ԰ġ
Գ̽ɱ㡣
ǽ֮Ϊ
pңۺ죬֮
ߣԼҹԼʶΪǵ㡣
ʦҳŲ̫ãҪˣôأյ۾նpôأ
ˣݳϣ۸Ѫ⣬׷ȼɱңɱˣɱ˳ϣһлǰ׷ѣ̫Ǳȥ˵ǱȥʣǣͰѳϷų
֪˵Ǹ˵ɱ
ԣԼˡ
pǰδеǿ󣬿ѸٵȥȥǴ͸ƣ;ճʶبѧ֮ʲôˡ
ǰ¡
˵ָһӼ䣬ɶԷ˵ȴˡ
һһ𣬹汲ķ߿Ϊ£ѪһھﲻһС
ʦղ԰׵Ц壬Ȩ⣬ѧҲǶˡ
г˵ڶѽһѪһճϳ˹ȥŤߵЦڿޣ衣
£²֮κΣ
/磬/粻֮κΣ
̽ƽ壬Ȩ⡣
֮κΣ


38 аг
ô, 𣿡
׹䣬ѹ, pӰΪͣڿнǴĥŻһӣתһǴͷɡ
𱡵վʱǷ
˥ע糱ˮûҰ, Ұһĩ·벻ȡ⻰˵ʲôӢۣһѾԴĹ⻷ȣܾȣ
ǡ
˵
ܾȡ
Ϊʲô
ǧ, 긴һѭű򶨵Ĺ켣ڤʮڤཻһ, ˰һʱԿףԿסֶر, ͭϹӵ޻, ǰԿ, ֻҪԸ, Ϳ̫p𡣡
ӳ𱡵Ƶ۾Źκһ˿ɫı仯
һֱĲ²⡣
, ˰֮, , һܹ³С
Ǹ˻ǳ𱡵
ˣ𱡵ƿͿص, Ӱƫתı󣬰·һеҲһնħ񣬡ʣΪʲôҪǣ
ӹһ˿졣
ȫû뵽𱡵ƾȻʳ⡣
ΪʲôҪһ𱡵ز䣬ĵؽͣҪɱҵĳǣ
ںȻ׹䣬ڰ糱ˮǵء
׹˲νһߣѩء׷Ӱڿնչʮɳÿһϸ̲
Ǳճɰ硣
ǹطεľ籾
ڻν˲䣬𱡵ƹȰˡһɲѷӻվŵĵط֣һֱӵ𱡵ǰһĵط
ûбԡ
˵
һʼеģ𱡵վڰҹķҰ۵ˣβ㰡ôΪˮԣ
۽ǵޣ·һö
һöȼպڰĻ
Ⱥɫөӵɶƣ֮ܿӭȣΪһββյ㣡ǳȺӣǰ¹Ұһ۳ɴ˷ĳ磬Ѻڰ𣡵ȼ
һ˱
ԭˣתס̤pǵĵһ𣬾֪ɱ˰ɡ
ǰ
𱡵̹Ȼػش
һ¡
ˣ;˾Ϳ·
𱡵ǵһգȺpҷջΣֻΪһ˵ͫסǲɱһʢĻӭ
ǶԳ𱡵ƶûܡ
pˮᴥָ⣬ס䣬ָԹĳף˾ߣѱΪٵŲֳָڽͷβߣЩ͵͵˽͵Ķߡ
뿪
Ⱦ޹ߵѪ֮ǰ뿪
ںǷ޷صĴǰ뿪
һʲôʱҸ
Ǻӵʱ
Ϊʲôվ㱳;ǾͻǧټƵذҲ߾ܵذѻסķֻ꣬Ҫ㱳˻δ׵£Ǿ;ῴڿ༬а档
һϱӳҵЩͷҡǰǰĴ㣬ǺȫסһȰ뿪p㡣
Ϊȥˣʵδȥ
Ȼ֪Ҫɱ㣬һһ绺س㻹Ұѽⱻ𣿡
£Ұѽҵ¡
𱡵ڳ־ͷ䷭ɡ
׷Ⱥpţ𱡵뻳š
֮䣬ǣޱˡǱμpǣ·ͨȫͬˡ
ĺһˣ𱡵˵ɱңΪǰԿף
Ϊ
𱡵ڿʦĻú󣬲Ų׽һµġ
͡ǰҶֻǸ̫ͨҵӣҪһСһ󿼣һ·նѧԡϯʮ޻սˣҶ̤սҶֵʵ̫΢СĸоУսıԤף·ǸżȻ
սûСżȻ֮˵
ڵǰһĳﱸķʣοǲһ򵥵ޣ֮棬һϯƬѪ֮ⳡѪ֮ķʣأ
Ϊ϶ɷ壬ɣɽɽȨףӦڰϽɽı£pǡһΪɣ̫ĳǡô뵽̫ҺͰϵľԹʻ̫һαϿɣ
壬رĳˡ
᳹׷İɣ
ͬʱҩٸڷޣҩȺͷڻʲô᲻ɽ˱ٸҲpǵɽǷѹ·ŭ侲֤ף
±ˣȼԹĻҲᱻһ¡
𱡵ƻǵһηԼһµСȻôҪǵ֪ԭ竻ܸıʷҲᾪĿɿڴ
Ժ˵˶ΡpǣޡĽš
𱡵ĺ˭ֻĵŶΡ
浽ԸԼһ
Ҳɱ㣬ɱ˱ȥˡڲҵĶ֣Կ׸ңҾ뿪
Ŷ𱡵Ӧһ㻹Ǹˣǲǻøлһ£ϧСˣҸαӡ//ˣʵ˵ʲôأ
˭Ǻˣ
ʡ
̫ңɽ̫ҹʮ꣬Ϊʲô̫ࣿҵľѾޣΪʲôԼ㣬Ҫɽ㣿ҪɱpǳףճϵĵӣɽĲ֪飬Ҳ̽㣿
Ҽֱ˫ĴħͷߵѪȷ硣𱡵ۣУͦġ
֪ڻңЦЦֻûһ£
Ӗǵpǣ߹ÿһ·ڸ㾫Ĳá㿴뱯Ȳľ̻ǰѷǰְѷ˺飬Ȼɱ㺦ϲ㣬пԡ
úЦ𣿡ʣôڸǣôɷѿĵ϶˵·
նħûֵ̫һ
ȼյĲԲľ
ڰҷp㡣

𱡵ûʲô顣
׷ﾲ
Ŀ·𴩹ʱ䣬ԹһлĻϷ硣м˵˻ѡа֬Ϸ̫ãżҲϷЩ΢ĸ顣
Ը⣬ҿԴ뿪
ų𱡵ƵĻش
ʲôء
𱡵Ц
ҾȖΪҲϲҽ轣ΪҸˣΪ뿴ĸ˵Ϊ塣Ϊ˵ָʹң
ˡ
ܿܿࡣ
¶޳κΣܡ
ˡ
ʲô𱡵̧ۣΪ⣡
͵չ˫ۣpΪҽŭӿηӭХһβp㲻һө𣬿βpȺۣȴԵȼأ
̫һ
ʮͭͬһϡ
̫һϻ
𱡵һ֣ڻаνӳת˲֣һĲӰ裬ѹ˰׷쳹صǿ磬ﾻһ˵һ˵Ĳѱһ˵˼ɡ
лƽ
ɫӳ𱡵Ƶ°ھɲǼ³ɻ
аС
һԾ
壡


39 ɷ
ƿն, ЯǧĳӰ֮ߵʯ̺, ˮ䡣
ֵķһһһɢĿвϱʼŤҡҡ׹
졣
һӶ簵ҹһ硣
ὣͷס𱡵һỺطɡ
ĽΪ, ˮ
ˮڳ𱡵üӡһѩ
ЯӰ£۽üȫ˵սľ·ԡնаħķڽһת𱡵ԲˮΪ֧, ڰз󡣻ûлͷֱת硣

ٶײһ, ˮ̫һ߰ô̡
𱡵Ҳûлͷ
̫һڲˮһ㣬ٶȽǰӶ
°۲
˲Ϣͬʱǰ˳ͬʱˮѩ, ̫һī, ͳpŽѸٽ, ʱ׷ﱻȺļû, ʱȺɿĿϯ֮ѩ׷Ѫý, ·ɽȻͬײһ, ıԵ߸衣
ƺǰ
pǻֻһ, ΪȻԶ𱡵ƣӽۼ, ۽Ϊ亳ҡ
Ȼ𱡵ƽ죬ӻأ׾磬ƺƿϽ⿪һҵԼβpһ壬ֲͬû·磬ʱƣѹ֮С
ݴƬƬصгֳɫĻͺɫơ
ѡ
˵Ľּ伱߽⡣
ǳ𱡵ƻǻ˭ҲûȥΧĵظ췭
˶һ־ΥϤֲ֪ٴλӽϤ·Уַ·֪ԷÿһνŲãÿһӰŲƣ˼²Ȼġ
߱УɹǽӰ˵һκǱݺ˳治֪ٻغϡ
ƣ
ڻ󼴽ױǰȻ̤ǰһ
һǰɷ飬ˮڰлһԲ
£
һڻްȽȽ𣬺Ȼ䣡
էкת˲ǧˮһԲԲһ̣ˮӿǧɵѩ𱡵ƣֵû

ת
ֻԼ߸£ҵʯϣҵһѪֱ˳
ˣˣ
ǰڣ½һ߿һߴغ
ˣ
˲ĨһѪͳŵǰһƬڣʲô˰һöҩֱȻһġʱֻ۾ɵøͭһƴ쳤ӣϹһһȥ
ģɱҰƿڴ
ҩ¶ǣҰ
Ϥ̳ǰݽ֮ǰȣһж˸ģ
̳ϱ׹վµףŮףʦίڵػԲѣ̳ΧⱩݲеĺɳأԭͤͤŵ໨յ˸߰˰ˣƯˮϣѪ
ߣף˾ĻȳҲɣɢꡣ
pǵһЪ
ֻ۵ǧһȻ˵ҩǰһһطѣ֪Ϊǰ˻ڻɱп/޹أʵ򼫺ҪǱʱپһ㣬¾ûʵʵĹƾˮĥҲܰǵĥ
˶ͷ
ֻǸɱķŽվԶԶˮϣһͷճϻסճվ棬ҲȫѪ˶ţ˭Ҳûаֵ
ԭΪճ˻󣬵ʦͽε򣬲ݵļơճôӡ
ôֻС
һϲϲصתͷˡ
үӾ֪¡
أ
ˮ˵żˣ½Ҷ֡ɺУ׵øһ¦
Ψûг𱡵ơ
ˮȥ˰ɣ½ŵˮ𱡵ƻˮô
˵䣬ﲻ֪ϣһƬ¹⣬С¹תۼɨpǣһεѹȻ˼ϣվûüֹ֨ͨ͡ȥ
ճϺգû˭ٱվ
նŵճ͵һ̧ۣ¹̿ķ
Ǻ˭Ľףճʡ
ղ
û˵ˡ
׷ﳤķβڰл»תữΪһ⣬ˮСͳ𱡵Ʒֱվ˽ֵĩңңԣ紵ǵ䡣ǵڳ𱡵Ʊ׹䣬һĻꡣ
˵Ҳɱ㡣
𱡵û˵
°ˮīĺȫʧˣѪ˳̫һѩĽ£ڽγɵˮһССѪ
Ͻа
𱡵˵
ڵУС߹зѹа֮⡣
ӽ˷ʶӦԼа֮ʱϲýϽɶҰɵϡ־г̫йŽɽûаӻɽŵ£Ϊ̫һһѡ߹зѹаϽ
ĲˮȻͬһѡϽ
ش̫һˮһϽ
ǰһν֣ԽڰջһԲ£˲ˮɽڤܡ
𱡵֪ôסһ
ƽ󣬽£Һڽ͸ס󻯽һĨҡ
ûס
Ϊ̵һڽǰͱ⾡ȥˡ
Ѫϵ䣬Ͻˮ
𱡵ƻһܣЩ׹ĳp
䵽ǵӰ۹pЪ˲䣬p㱻ֱӽߡͣһЩǱ㲻ߣֱȥ
һȼĻ
ҵϱȥpߡ
̡
ҲôʧȥΨһһڽʤҵġѡ˵
һ˲ס˽ƣ𱡵¸վڽֵϡ
˵ˣڵ㲻ҵĶ֡
İΪףϢȻǡոպͳ𱡵ƶʱѹ˲Ϊƺ飬Ҳƺڶٴһƾеؽ֡
Կ׸ң߰ɡ
𱡵û˵
Ѳ/ֵ̫һ//
ۣסὣǰֻϽ԰׵ָһѹõĽиƤ⣬Ѫȴ»䣬һ߽ƶ֣ңԼѪϴ̫һ
ʮֹŹ֡
·һֹϵʽ
һ׼
ɫ΢΢һ䣺㲻Ҫˣ
һʶҪֹ𱡵ơ
𱡵ۡ
˫ڵͫĽŲסˣһ˲ֲǰ˵Ǽǵһлǲǵá
ڳ𱡵Ƶ۽ȼա
ٶȼ
һββpٶȴӰУӰڳ𱡵Ʊ󽻴ݺᣬšǽΣ࣬𱡵һŷĶǵ糺졣
ˣ˻ơ
˰
𱡵ƷЦ
ѪҺ˺⡣
ֻЦ۵ĹؾѩϽŻ߲Ѫͻȼת¡ôȻһ
ľżȻд׹
ľżϿŵķĶȻȼ·ԳܳܵķѪýʽȫһ̣ϯľżӭ绯Ϊһӡ
һס𱡵Ѫ֡


40 Ϊһ˰ε
΢˳˵ָӿ, Ѫֹ˿ڱסˣ, һᣬ̫һˡ
𱡵̧ͷѾὣת
½ӰУֻ纮ʡ
µĿ䱻ǰһߣӥһ˲˫īаռ䡣ʦ԰׵ֽס̫һɫϸ, ɭضӭĻ
ֵ˲䣬ԥذγˮӹ֣Ȼ
ʦתʱЩ, ٶȱ죬˼ͬһ˲ƽֵе㡣

ʦȻ
ɫ, ŭȼֱǧ̫飬Žɭһ̱ʱͿռ䡣ǰ֮Ȼһͣûӳһͣ˰СʦȻ߸Ծ
Ȼ˫ս
һ䲻˼ľٶ, ѧ˶᷸Ĵ
, ˫, мм, б飬ý߱ӯ, 𱡵֮ǰҲԾ֮, ǵս, Ӿ̣ʵʱܹŭΪ硣ӭսṴҴĨﱵʮʵ仯ʦʱȫһն, Ӳɱǡǡǽɻ¡
Ѫɫ̫һȼաŤ
ն
Ĺ£صѪĹ켣ýˮӦϣ飬˳ɣսѥݵ棬汬
ǲǽ
ǵ
̫һвƣõĲˮȻ·磬ʦֱ˽ӯݣһ޷֮á
ûʱ䣬ʦϽٶԾ
Ѫ̫һڰÿһĳգ޾ɱȥ̫ﱼڶܻӳôһˣһ£԰
Ķ
ʲôϵ
𱡵ڽֵϥδɵĻ۳ɺӣ½ûڱˮѪûʲô飬ƯĺɫͫȴӡӻӵӰ
ǶҲԸΪεĶ
ҷҪأ
ҽס㡣
ȻһյĶԻˡ
İױӰûڻɢ֮ǰͷȥֻ۹µ̤һˮһѪȥ
ĵ̾˿
ʦ
ڳ𱡵ǰվͶӰӽ𱡵סˡ
պͷݱp㽫ĻԻӳһƬİ죬ʦαһȦںͺ·ƻʱ˹ڽֵꡣ޴һɱ¾·ʱҪɽ
ӡ
ʱǵĿ˲Ϣꡣ
ડ
鵽棬ʯ΢ϸ졣
ʦʹۣڳ𱡵ǰ𱡵Ƶ֣΢˵̯ƽûѪɫָһ˿ںبģȻѪˣƤⷭɼǡ
Ĭס𱡵ֵָ΢΢ס
΢ٴδʦָӿԴԴϣһһεط˿ڴ˿ʵڸովͲˣ΢ƺΪƭ񾭣ʹ˴ҴҸһ˲εַֺݣ·ܰضпƵġ
ܰпȴڻӵǰǵһۡ
𱡵ƲpǿлεȺ

еĻްɢˣԡǰδеĻԻ
ƵpڳǳصÿһÿһƬۼ׶ڽ߾ȫط⡣һ𣬾һƬƬϼϼΧһľۼһתǧзһҫ۵̫ڿն
ʵײţ·ұһ𲦶·ͭӱһߵ졣
·һ߸ŭ
ճϵĽͣյĺ䣬þûܴȥ
ľŹڵأգȻ档
p˶ڵأա
档
԰ǰpǵĸ
汲Ӣĸ
ڳʲô
ǳڣؾ壬˻žΪһǰǰ̫ϼɱp˷Ȼ˷ܲ˰Ůٻӵ轣߸ϵˡ
˹䱯˹
pǡ
һûȫֻĳǡ
ǣʲôƾʲôȥ
ʶسͣ½ŲճϵĽش䣬Ҳ޷
ܣԩ졣
ǰϣ̫ݡ
ǡ
ɽ

ûƭң𱡵Ƶᣬpĸ߸ûpǡĺ
ȷϲǡ
뿴ճ𣿡
ʦûп޵ĳˣҲûпεȺ㣬ֻ̧ų𱡵ơ
𱡵תͷ
뿴𣿡
ظһ顣


41 մ˷
ɫ
졢ѩɫ, ôǳôɫҲҲ, ȥصӳ
𱡵ƿߣ۽ޡ
ð
ðֳڵʱ򣬳𱡵΢һ£һ˲䣬·зӡǴӸµķ磬ӹ̫ŵѩӹ, ô˽޾£ҲԶĸ衣
ȷи
ʦվֱڷ·ɡ
һ˳һ׹ϵ·һֱ׷ݵδʱףף衣
һ, һڣɬ, Ͻ塣ûиߣûߵߣpǼҲ񖎳Ѫ, Դغɵ̬, ȲݷҲ, ֻһյɱ, ףȴѩ
ףεض𣬴ƶϡ
߿ա
Ƽٱ, ҹ̱ת, ʶʱ

ۻͭ
ף˾ȫһ, Ťͷĳŷȥ
ӡˣ
һ̲һе, ײײسŵķ񱼡ΪԼڿ񱼣ʵ֮˿첻ȥȻδֻǿϲֲŵغ
ˣ
ķ֮ӵ
صĺŽǣ
źȻԶ϶Хţӵĳǣÿһײܵ˵䡣һִŵֿЦڵأǵڶת˲һƬ
һѾõĺƿŨصبpĴϣȺɽļڹﱼڡ
ʱ꣬һοɽӰ籡̫
̫
˷󺰣Ҫһþݵǻںҵ𶯣߹
̫
޴ɽ߸Ծ
̵ƽƶѤѸˣɺԵˮһһؼաչת˲㵽˳ţǧȺŮٶƳͭǵӰӱͶڽֵϡ
ÿ˵۾չʹ
û˭ðѱۡ
ճ
ץסŻͷգģȴһ漣
Ӱڣ̽
̫ڳ𱡵Ʊ󻺻𣬹⴩أӹӣʦӭŹ⣬ɫ۾ӳաºͺڷӰء
𱡵ưֵݸ
ʦץסԼָָһ
˵
һѡ
𱡵ֹס˻ʮָ۵˲䣬ȻֵԷ΢زš
ˡ
롣
뿴𣿡ʦʣơ
á
ʦֵ͵͵سһ׹ϵף裬ǰͬҲٸԶ庮ֱ·ѩź裬·Ƿ׷Ŷ
𱡵š
ϣûôһˡҪճý׹أҪ䣬ƼֹҪ磬ȥΪεսķʵҪʲôνҪôһˣһֱһֱߡ
뿪
䡣
꣬ˮչͬʱǡչб˿ֱиĲޡڼҼһǰ米ɴˮߣؽû·ĻˮֱļĻˮЯֲࡣ
pǵĽֵ˳һĹ΢бרаˮᱻͳһ˹ĺӵ
ⱾһֻĳǣֻǰˣǺӽϪ
ˮڽ汼ڣۣӵˮλѸǣˮһСС˻Ĵʯ̣ڻĸ߸Уһ·Уײŵˮդӿpǣӿѵˮ
УpһȦ£ĻߣĺС
ǳ˺ӳǣȺӵԾˮ棬γһ˷ĳ磬ûҰ֮䣬²Ļǵ۹ڣ˸ǲ¢񱼡
¹ϡ
Ұ
˳ɤӣϵĸڰٶȻ졣
ŮŮӦ͡
pӿ
ֹ󣡡
ϣָһӼ䡣

ƽƽ춫pνнԶһpص˳ǰ
ճϴڳ¡
ȺĬվڳ⣬һʱ䣬˫˭Ҳû˵ãһ֣ʾ˲ҪԼ
վкʦ
ա
ճɳƵſڣ˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲô˶
ϡ
ڣpǡ
ǾͺãǾͺá
ճظֻҪǸû£һоͻã̫ڵĹа취ģºĵľǱа취ڵġ΢Щǵתȥҳ𱡵ƣת˲䣬
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ճϻա
ʦ
մһ
ճһģǰĵطͣסŲûؿڵĶϽعǾãȻȺƺ˭ҲûܷӦʲô
߱ɱ̫ʦ沢λɳ˽һΪΪá
գл
㡭㡭ճˮްϼȻ
߳ϣմͣٷɿ죬죬ǹ
漴̧
Ͻ̫һpɣȴΪһ֮˽ɱϣ
͵سϽѪӿһΣǰˤˮһֱסϽΪ֧ţ˵⼸仰

գճϵϥ򵹣ݺᡰǺο࣡
ڳˣΨһһ⼸仰ˡ
ղΪp˿
Ҳڻ
֮죬֮ޣֻаԸģڻճ鼱֮ѿ˵ܾpǣյĴϻճʱȻѾ뵽ʲôڰpԵɹ鵽̫һϰɱpǵˣһڵĲ
˺׷Ѱ̫ҲзӦԡ
ʦpǰˣյصȥ壬ա
գգ
СףŮȺг˳ȥһѱסա
㲻Ҫң
ˮϴףյ۾ͫ׿ն¦վ㶵ؿʶһ£
ˡ
һֱû߳ʮ٣Ĺעһԡ
л
лʲôն̫ǧߵ·ߵŰΪ̵Ͼ·޹
лˣ㰡Ⱥһϸ˵ڵϣ˷һĳԼĶ⣬˺Լͷ
ҡûöĴ
ЩԹԣǿʧԡ
ĵİ
֮ӣһľȻĿй¡
λɳԶԹpǣС˲Ϊտѣһһߵǰֻλɳɽ󡭡׼ҵԳף֮Ϊʬᡣ
Գףᡣ
һһ£صߵס
زã
ճյ۾СףŮ׺ݵ̧ͷۿͨصճϵͣڰգһȥ
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̧ͷһ̧ͷ
½ڱŵؿ˵ʲô˵ģ̼Щǿѹpˡֻ˵Գףᡱÿһ˵жôĺ⡪ɽĺ⡣
ҽһ˵ʫĶӣҲɽٸ
½ǰһڣתͷȥŵЩʲô顣
ˡ
һ졣
½͵ְͷת˻
˫ϥأعˮУҧصˡ
pǵϵļŤţһЩ߬ȭͷ·ʱҪ𣬳ǰ
p޵ĳǣɽĳǣɽǩģһһ䣬ǰδеĺpɹɽpǶɶѣ칫ɽ󱾸ġûɽĴ
ˡˡˡ
ͷײƵ졣
Ůˣ˺ӶסˣȻؿŹˮ
Ĩһѿͷĳ͡
ǰһ꣬ɽpǣ
˶١
ծӻҵ£ӵģҲûʲô˵ġָ֣£ֺϵһγ֣صµɫҷģһѯɣس̫ݡ
úŷԡ
һƻ꣬ģ֮أ
ĶĻصڿҰ֮ϡ
˾þõֱغأľȻѷ죬ؿڵ棬󱯡
ɳpǡpǿడһ˰
һ˰
ҲٴɽѪ飬һ⸴һ⣬ʯ󺣡
Ǻް
ްϣҲɽ

һǰpǰ˸Ҷ̫ϷȻΪ޵ĳǣɽµĳǡٳǽҲҪֻعġžܿܿ°ǰǳصʱ֮簡
ŶˣŶܸһˡոһյؿాͳһЦô
ѵϣ΢СϢ
ǩԼ˵Ҫӻȥˣ
£²֮κΣ
/磬/粻֮κΣ
˰
pǿడ
˿޺ӡ
һˣվҵ顭
飡
վ˲䣬½ˡ
ȥģ
վȴѾɽٸˡ
ֵýЩЦıӰȻŭĿһ㶥أٸһһгɵġԥŵĿ⡣
粽ˡ
½½һ磬ûʲô£Ҳʲôٹѡ
½ŷҪվһ˫˫ӳɣ۾ǰҪȻ֮ˣôһɣ
һڣ
飡
¦ŽһԲҲ
ң
Ҷ̤ǰ
ƽתᣬɳɳ衣
һŲӱĳд̫һĻ߳ߵСףŮߣСףŮ̧ͷλ֮ǰͼС磬Ȧһ죬ɳ
˵㡣
š
𱡵Ƶ͵͵Ӧһ
pǵ㣬ǻߡ
𱡵ƶִϷãۡ½ǻͷ𱡵վޱǰվһ
û˼ؿڣҾ뿴˭ɱֲɱҡ
̫ڡ
죡


42 ֪ظߺ
飡
һһھ
뺰εض, ѻɽ
½ַһ
ֻһۣ̾ͱĿԲȦػļ˴δ, ʱͷθҲ
⡢ǡ½žһھϣವվʲô⣿
¼Ǳ
һȷ磬һ߽͡
¼һӰ̺ͽǶȣӰĶpǵ, Χߡٸŵġ
˵Ҫ죬ҪҪĸ˵Ұ𣿡½һ֣ôö˶˵ҪⰡ
ּȲԤС
, Ƕѩϡ
ĳָӵpճ, ޺Ųֱ뿪ˡŲǴ޶ɽڵġڤڤһǣɽͳƣʮɽֱͳܵĳǳء
ڤ, Ҫٳ۲ִܵ˵ġ֮ء⡣
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Ҫô顭ѵǡ
½İһ, ̽ʡ
ᵶţ
Ӷ껰ġ
ôдĳ·ƽε
ѽ, ½ʮһ, Ƿȱˣ, أε֮ǰ϶ҪиĹǲ˵Ҳھƹݲ¥ϸϸؽΪ˲ף׶˶ٴǽǣ˴ζ߷磬Բ
½
û㡣
ʵϣ׳־طŻ족۶̰εϿɣ̫ݴսٻغϣնͷɹ
Ͳˣ򣬡Ǹ鷳ȻǶ֪챻̫ϵȺ˸ӸˣҪŵ֤ݰ

˵ţ̺¼ǱһŬ졣
ɣȺ˸ӿûй֮ľǵð¼ǱpԭĹ켣֤ʵpǱպ󣬲˵ǰ¸ˡ֮󣬼ӰѾŬŬܲpƫƵĽǶȹĸ򡭡ʱҪ飬ŲᱻȺ˸Ӻƹȥ򣬾ϰѷɣϵʱ̴򿪣Ҳ״
ͿǼ㰡
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½ˡ
ͬΪ竣зḻıҩȹгϡ۲Ϊľ顣
ƾյĵУЩ϶ٸľӦûж١Ҫֱţ˵Ҫ죬ǳõʲôɫ룬ɽpһµ̬ȡ
ʮа˾ţᱻëͷСӲ֪ߵغϹ֡
°ͬѧûƤҪô꣬ôãϰ⡰ӦáĴ
βһ
Ҫģٸ
ܹСӺ֣ٸԣΪѾһǵΡ
˵ˡ
ǰջڣݳϻʦأɽû֡Ǽ竰ࡪ½Լ˵֪֮ģŻҪ졭͸Цһᱻһµİɣ
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޿κΣԼӢ·ۡ
һžվţžŵ̫һ֦𱡵ƣһ΢Щı¦һҪΪˮҩʮһɣһҷ𲻶߶߶ͺ¿
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ѭζ죬һȣʮһʮŷֶ

ѭ죬࡭ʮȡ

ѭ
죬¡
𱡵һֳͷһҡȣûͷƵϣϻż멣㼵ۣʱʱһط롰¡
˱ûڸɽھһ֡طҳһžز̣Ѹٵر켸ȼ֡һʼЩĸһ㣬𱡵ƺ˶Բ˭֪𱡵ƾȻɵǸ
ɢ˸˯ѵӣһ߿һߺ˶ԡ
ѭζ죬һȡ

ڵķ䡣
ճϳĬŴһഫϵ̶ȼ˱ۣһҪʱ˵Ļ
죬ΪpǣΪɽ󡣡
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ž
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֤һ²⡣
Ψ¾ƺֱʫ۾
ѵôǰȻҲ߹ԶһָĴġϷô£ϾȻڶ̶̼ھͬˣٶȿó档
һΪǺйءʫЩͷۣɽ찡ͨȥǣǶˡ
һ뵽λҪִɽˣʫĪؾЩ顣
ҲЩϵΨƽ˵˵Ϊ䣬ðϵЩһڶŵѪȵҰһΧˡ
ʫ˵̫ڵ˺˼˵ˡ衱
˿ϵĽû仰˵
ܾÿμ̫ҵˣͶʲô춯صĴǰšʫ׼ˡ˵ɡ緢ʲôôͷˣôھͼɱ
ΨҲһ㶼û׼򵥵ؾֱӰһըʫ
ʲô
ʧأȷ


43 ̫ҵһ
ôȷģô, һϲͨϹ°ɡ
õ϶ظ, ʫץԭΨľƣһͳƿҩǰ
˵һ
úԲĶӲͬʫȻǸС硱ʵɾ۹ӭƣҲƵԼݵʱ, ҲλСɾȻҲмֿŶȡ
˵ô
Ψص
ȥ˶硣
𣿡ʫɫ΢΢һ䣬ʣ㲻;Ůĸ˰ɣ
硱롰ָʮɱؽϵļǺԼ, ˴񱻶Ϊʮ޷ĶӣֱһɽΪ־
İ˼֮, Ϊ𡱡
ӡ硱֣Կһ˿ն񡪡̫ʱ֮ս˵о˱նڴ, ײ֪, ʬɽ塣, , ޡһֱΪʮ޵İ˼֮󣬲аϵľŮĸ, Ǩ˵ء
, Ůĸ峤, ϲ
ʫʱ̳ϵϲµİãһʱ, صǧȥ˾Ůĸһ桭ʱ˶дʫǳϷһѤõĹһ䵽λ峤
Ȼ㱻ѹɽˡ
֪˵Ŀ¸صӰӴԺ̸ĵˡëҪж
ľˣΨʡ
վģѪˣʫʧɫҺǰëǮϵûУ׵ò׺ôǿˣ㻹Ҫ˽ɣ
ȻǾͺðˣΨԹԵصͷٴκԤ׵ضڶףŮĸЯtʧˣѾһƬˡ
ʲô
ʫƿžһµϡ
˵𣿡Ψϥͷֹһھƣ񣬷ͷֵȥ°ˡ
㶮ʲô
ʫ˲ŵɫΣüͷ
֪ô϶ʧˡ
ʮ޵¹켣һٶʮơ
³еĺľɣϵʱ̣֮⣬˽ͬǼΪҪĽɫɽ򶨳İ˸ռ㣬Ϊȷ̫λĻ׼ذ˼壬Կתһܡ
컷ۣǣһȫ
£춼Ҫų¡
ֲáʫૣֲðǰһ
Ȼ֪Ψ¾ƺĿȻ÷˵ɡŮĸڶ翴صʲô
׻İϼһ
ʫЦҡͷ
վڸ¥ⲽ
Բ˵Ψƽ˵Ǻܾû˰ɣ
һԲϾʹ֣Ǵˡʫҡҡͷת˻Ҳǲ˵롭ôƣûϹȵļһö
ΨĬĬγ
ôʫЦԼò˵ˣ̫ô꣬˭һռһꡣ
ˡΨѵ˻ȥϵһ꣬Ҷİ꣬ߵǵţһǧꡣôĵ˵̫ҵĿƣûϱȵģҪһֱ˱ȵġ
ʫĿࡣ
ٵʱ򣬱׵ӵ̫ڡһʱ䣬̫һСһ󿼵ķΧӡ̡û뵽̫Ⱥ⣬Ȼ浽زϳϺˣܰûȵĿĿĨ
ⶼʲô
̫ҡʫЦãҡͷˡ˵°ɡ
˶١
Ůĸض磬ʵֻΪһ¡
Ψ
ֹ£ʹû˾̳[1]
ʫݳǧļ˷رչ䣬øڤ֮СֱӾΨ۾ϾƹĿȻˣ絶
ʫ󾪡
ֻ֪ӵçȻ
û
ʫΪ֮ͻȻɫ֣ظʲô
һ¡Ψ͡
ʫԼ򲻹ӣôͰɡ٣ά˶Ķƹˣˮһүģܸһ˽ô
ô֪
Ψ治ɫ̫ڶռƵһˣѵʦʦ㳤ŵġľƤһ䡰үܹġ
ô˵ɡ
ʫƬ̣һӣ⻯ΪʮСС̫һ£ڰлת
ʮʮһȦΪꡣ˷ԲȱһѭΪ¡¡ºµ£Ǹݵ֧ӳîδ纥ʮ¡Ѻθ׼˵Ӧó֮Ϊ
һǶġΨڡ
¡ºֻһϰԵĳƺ
ÿǳػݳŨ̶ȣǰ¹뵽ѡеһ²ָ֣ճɣ±ճǡʽʱ䣬ǰյ֧ŵʮִС
Ҫҿ鶹ײˡ
ʫû
ΨĬĬعơ
һӦʮ£˵ʫָɵ΢СתһȦʮʮһܵʱ䣬ҪһܵʱǺϡʵϣյٶȣҪñٶ
̵ȷȽϿ졭
Ψͷ
졣ʫñ˵ʳ£ְ³ʹ±£ٴ±£ڸ̿첻졣
Ψơ
ʮһȦԼʮֶʱ̣Բȱ仯һֻԼʮʮʱԼ򵥵Ϊչ¹챾ƽеģʵϣ֮΢СĽǶȡʫָһɵתٶȻӿ죬Ҳ˵һһֱתȥÿһʱ䣬¾ͻ
ʫɿָ
ɫֺͰɫֺݺݵײһըһ̻
飡
ʫջ֡
ײ
Ψ¾ƺעŷ׷ƮĽɫ㣺ԾŮĸضĿġ
ŮĸԻtǧŮĸǿtֹᡣʫ˵Ǵֹ£ʹû˾̳[2]𣿣Ҳڵڵײǻʮ޴£ûǳأĳɺͿ̿Ҳ֮أ
ǻûصزΨ΢΢ҡͷ
ǡʫͷˣȻöථ죬Щһʵǿ´Уܰ쵽ġҾ˵ȺһôͻȻͶôΨǴˡȺ˶ȻҰôš
ôܲأΨЦǰ¿ԼĶôã¹֮ڣŵԲ죿
ԣǰԿĴڣ
ʫֱ۾
ƴ
Ψ±Ķʫͬɣڽ𳤵ڰм䣬УһͻȻʱܱϡ
á
ΨЦЦ
ʹˣʣ˵ɡ
ʫûлرܣͷ˵ΪܲµһЩġһԿµУôôɱϾͿԽˡԿ𣿡
Ҳ޷Ψ˵Կײϣȷйء
ģʫ˵Ҫߣ֪Կ׺йأɽķֱӽ㣬ھȥڤڴȣճһ̴̫ҡһ̶𵢸顣
վס
Ψ俪ڡ
̫ҷ𣿡ʫһĿⶸȻ÷˵ˣûԿ£Ҳɽ
ƨΨһƤɴҪɽɽʲôʲôĸòá
ΨʫǷ֪ʲô״̬
Ϊ̫ҹһױ
Ψһھƣ͵ؽƺڵϣʯ֮䣬ڰƿһɫĻߣʫʺ֮䡣
Ĺƨ
һѬѬȻ˿ȴȻ׺ޡ
̫ҵСʦ棡
ɱңɱˣʫʣ֪ˣͲʲôˡһҵϣҪǱ¶ˣᱻȺΧɱİɣȻһʼסˣͲܼȥ𣿡
б¶һ졣
Ψת泯󺣣䱻Ķ
̫ҲҲޡ
̫ңΪô
ʫĵʡ
ǰ۵ʱɽдϲһ׽һ׵ġûô೤ƪֻۣ֪һ¡Ψûлͷ̫ңǻꡣ
ʫһһʱ侹Ȼ˵ڶ仰ΪУ
ΨƵЦһȻһնӿȵĺ档
ξ֮У
޳˱пѿһǧɳߣֵĺˮڵࡣµľᵶԽժԼĴ«ź׵ĽʯɳУ߸нԶ
ֻɳƿŵĸ
²פظߺ
⣡
¹Ρ
ȥٱ¥
ˡ
ʫĬĬվ¥ϡ
̫Ҳǿꡭ²еţ̫ҡ
أ̫ҵһ
ĽɫɢˮȻ䣬ǧˡ

飡
½һͷ棬϶һһȫīˮ֨Ťͷ˫۴͵ؿǽڡף̫ߡ졭
͵ˣ
𱡵վߣһ¼Ǳ˷
½ʮһва˲߲ᰡ
ѭ죬жȣ⹬ڱ󱨳µչ¹Ƕȣһʼ̵־͸Ӱ֡ƵģڽҲ

𱡵һ߷½ߵ¼Ǳһ߻պ˶һļ
½Ƭ̣Ȼ𣬡𱡵ƣѾĹȻõǰԻĻɣ㱻竼ˣ߷߲ƽһڣޣ競ļϸ
ž
𱡵ƺһ¼Ǳֱ½ͷϣҵſȥ
½ͬѧٸ֯ԡ
̫һʰߣ𱡵ƺɫ˵
˵үŵκ׿ԽһҲ½ѸٸĿڡ
½ʮһأ
֣ͣ๾˿ˮ
࣬˴ʮ¼Ǳӡ
ӷƶɮáɺһĿ㱣ѾЩ־ˣƶɮáҪݽһ¡棬ƶɮöǡ
һȺܵܡ
𱡵Ц
ܾܵ͵ܵܰɡ
ڼϢ֮䣬ԥѡ˺ߡ
¦ͣ±ʣ½Ƕá
ĹʵѾһЩ
ղһ߾ȫռռ¼ǱݣԼ֪ʶûСʽʽǳү˵£ȻҲһС֡
¦ûп£Ҳ죬йʽûʽĲʶ
ߵĹѶȼֱͲͬն
г𱡵ƿĹʽҪҪôûйʽأ
¦֪һֽʱǱ顭Ƿô΢һǷ񻹵һpԩ죿
֪
𱡵תһȦ˷ٶȺܿ죬Ȼأĳһҳͣ
G
ͻȻһ
ôˣ½𱡵ƿһҳպģ𣿡
𱡵ü˼á
е㲻Ծ𱡵̧ڰػƽеߣչ޵ĽǶе㲻Ծ
pǱĵ¹켣ˣ½ϲ֣ʣµǲǲüˣ
ȷ𱡵ҡҡͷ°룬ٻͷճһˣɽ¼ǱҲҪһݡ֮ڵȫҪ

½ͷƤ顣
áͷ
½̾һϷ˸
ааɣֻг𱡵һö˵ʲôʲôɡ
˵½˼⣬үǰûѧǵһοֱӶˡ
⡣𱡵ưֽ£Ҳ֪
½˸ۡ
װɣ
Ŷ𱡵ƻ˸ô򵥵ĶǾȻⲻҵ⣬ǵ⡣
½һ֮·˼ոûע⵽£̷
ָų𱡵Ƶͷͷôһȥˣ
Ҿл½ʮһ
𱡵ʶڣ˸գҪЦЦ
ɣ㡣
½ʮһ
½ʮһˣ
һǴ˵еġս

Ͻ壬̳
һ̶ЩֱõֱϣĿɿڴʦһ̳һ̳ʯſʶ㣬Ϊ¾죬һʱҲ㲻ʲôѵǵ״̫߳ҪȾƣԲܡ
һ̳Ʒ£ʦֱá
һ˺Ⱦƣ˶٣ⲻϰֱ߰ʳѡһ֣


44 ֻһ
һ, ΪԼˡ
ʶʦ塣
̳ΧǺܸߴĹҶѵļާ, ާͶʦǰڳӰһ˫ɫ۾ܾ񵶳ʺ޹䡣ʶȷںʡ
ëͷСӿһĻҲôǵλ״˰ɣ
м˵ȥʮ𾪣
Ͻʦʵˡ
һǧǰ
ʮˣһʿڹ, һ񱻸ϵ±ϵţǴһƬδ̤İ֣һδҼ̳̳ϰһʯס
һ̵Ȼη峬һķ롣
ʿ޷վ, Ǳסˣعڼ̳¡˻, ˸ϵдǽɫĳʩӹټǰøƬҶûʲô
, ˷
ʯʱ򿪡
ļ껯Ϊ촷, ѵһ, һ, һ糺ĳӸ߸ߵļ̳£, ԳΧȦȥ, ε, ͬʱըѪ
أժ, ¶һһ˫Įɫ۾
ʮһ⡣
ΪǸ塣Ĵ£Ͻʱ彫׹ԡסգ̡זD˶ĶɽҾýһס޷ĸм㽫ʦס׸Ϊʮ֮ϵ졣
ʵֻм򵥵һ֣
塣
ֻǣҪô˵أ
ʦ壬ʼպ˸һƵı
ٺ˵Ĵ󲿷ʱ䶼ֻһ˳Ĭţ˵ڷͷ羰ֶˮʵѩҲֻǿţͷʣȴӡһ˫ɫ۾
ڼ̳ϵ˽ޣӴҲá
һǧˡ
һֱûϲŭûһ˿ֻһ߱ƤңһˡҲֲСƽʱƲ쿴أһͷԣ˵øһ
һֱ˴ޖǻ󣬲ڡˡ
һ˺Ⱦƣѡһ֣
ʱ̫ãʦΪûһ顣
ͷ̶·ŽҰһ£ûˣȻܵȷȷʵʵʦϿʼôһ㡰ˡԱֱǰʦ壬һӸеԼθش
⣬Ҵ𰡣
һ£޽ؿڣȻǻ룬ǿ϶ÿһ£ϴζԷȵʲôƣһϲʲôơ
ʵ޵һӦڳ
˻ӭҾˡϽأԭʼΣķ͸Դϵûʲô뺷ŮŮ֮ǵûʲôġ˭˭ȾƣһκȵľƻģҪҲˣҪȥľϵĲٻڳʾƻ롣
ֲٻڳʾƱȴ/ҩңһ̳ȥϾͿøҲûʲôˡ
ڶһλȻ󲻾ȥʬ֦лһڶԼȥҸ֦ʦֱӰˡ
ƣҾƣʦ崹ۿһ̳̳ڿľƣʲôƶȡ
ʲôƶȣͲ֪ϲ־ơ
޳һ̳̳ڿľƣ˵ֲռô࣬ԭǲ֪ϲ־ƣ͸ɴߵľͰռˣϵĶ䱾ơݵȪ춫ΡӶӱϣ
һǧ˳˺ɱնһֱĬĬΪһҲϲľơ
ɹȥô꣬˭Ҳ֪Ǹ˵ܻܲ
šͷץץͷҲҪģһĴȵľƸһӭ̤˺ȵľƿ϶һġСѩʱҪ¯ľƣ߼ʱҪյľƣƽʱҪȪɵľơȻ󻹵ÿ
ֿһ¡
˵ÿǷչ컹ֵĵز⻰̫ףûʲôȴʦǰ˵
޾Ҳ״ʵˣٶνġ伮ʫġѳζǣҲܱ秣ģĶ
Ŀֱ࣬ȸƣôི
Ҫʲôƣ͵ôԼѡඣʲôطȾƣϲʲôơ˵ǲ׼ģԼĸо׼ġ
о仰û˵
ʵѡʲôƶǶԵģֻҪԷʵҲ˼
ҲһҪǶԷʲô˼ûУѡʲôǴġ
ʦĬصͷſһ̳̳ƣ֪ʲô
ơ
һأͷŹһȳһյ˼̳
޸к٣ϹӻûŮⰡ
̶ݺݵصһۣȻϹϾسʦһ񣺡ˣҩźˡ
ʦͷƶ¼̳

ʦ屳Ӱʧڹľ֮䣬Ұһ̶ҡҡͷ
ȥ˿治ס
˵ʲôˣ̴̶Ҳôã
ǰʦÿ뿪Ͻʱ򣬲˵ỹأûǹȻʱ䣬ʵߣҲͺˣҲǸ°ֻǣһȰǲõģǿаѺȥΰɡҲ˵ҲңʹҲû˴ùֻܸɵۡ
ԴߵģĪˡ
ͨҽˡ
ϴο̳ʦĵԸ⴦һˡͣذһѲҩһƱؽ״ϵĳɼһļơҩûãʦһͶûУֱֻص̳ǿط
ұϴλš
ϴֻʶԣֱѹˣֻȥˡ
ԭֻˣطֱ͸ֻ̤ײûˡòֱӱȥ𼱻ǵ°ҩְ·ߵҩˣԹߡ
ʦûٴҴ뿪Ĺȥˡ
˵ĹʲôãЦ̶ʯ棬ĳλҪúûŰɡ
Ҳǡ룬״˸ոհһѾʲô
ڰѸղŵ˵˱顣
һĴȣʲôƣ
ⲻͦõģ˵ٿʼˣôԾʲô
̰֣˵Ȼ㡣
һüϹʲô˼
ִڵļһܶƨŤˣҪ߰⣬ǻˣҹȥ֦лɣ
޲Ȼŭ
ܻӭĿңʱֻĸ㡣Ůˣ㵽ڻϹ
ˣΪר顣
Ц



ʦԼҩ
˫ֽ棬Ӷңˮ絹ʯ䣬ˮ棬·ڼʱ䡣
ડ
ડ
ʦĵףһֱһʱˮ©ˮһֱ䣬
һ˵ʱʵʲôûڿ
ֻʱĲ
һһ죬һ£һһ£һꡣ
ֹ꣬
֮ǰǸ©ˮٶôÿһζ񴩹Զܳľ롣ĳһ֮ĳһЩʱ򣬺Ȼô죬޴롣
pǡ
ǿмĽľһһ顣
̲סץס𱡵Ƶ֣֪֮ټ棬ɻǾ᲻áǸ˵ʱˮ©Ϳ˿־壬뽫סýʱôͣߡ
ÿһ˲͵Ρ
΢ȵҩˮ˿ڣϸ΢ʹͬʱ˻˯
ʦۣʶسڰ
ʱ־¡
һͻῴǵ׹ʺӰһһΣƴһеҪȥȴֻؿţʲô˿ΣΪֻܼǸˡ
һס㡣
ڳݽڰ֮ǰʦ˵
Լһˡ

𱡵°ڸ첲ϣŵһ档
½ó˼Σ𱡵ƶֻûİһ˴ŵʱֻҪû˯ţһҪڳʲôϱӣƽ£үһѶûУָӸ๷ȣҪָӳһƬ
ҪǰӵأҪ֡
Ҫʲôأ
𱡵תͷȥһԲŷơ
ľż֮Ȼһգյ˲ڡ
֣ôһСľżҲ⼸е£ԶԶûϰߵʱ䡣
Ƶɫر˹졣
𱡵Ƶָͣһ£pճһ졭ոĻ࣬pỺҷǸ˿סָһֱ΢زšһʼΪǸڽţֲԡ
ڽš
µʹ
ʲôʹʦ˶ƲסָĲΪʲô۵ֵزҲû뿪pǣô
ֱ޲ɼ
Ͻȥ
Լ۵֣ԹԵת̤Żˮŵķȥ
ǵãǷһξơ
á
ĴӦᡣ
ʱ򣬳𱡵еͷһ۵ģʵͷҲءôأطʱʵʵҪôˮīһȥҪôȥһ֣ᡣ

Ӳͱ
ֻҪûĿã
Ҫȥ⡣
˵ôһ䣬ֻǡĳʲô˼
𱡵е㲻ȷ
ϼÿ½˳ų𱡵Ŀ⿴һۣ̾
ϼһ̱ŵز׽ʲôһ˷ܵغ˵ˣɽˣܳãʱɣ
˵䣬ѩۿʼ½ҲѸٱţҽ㵹ײͣΪһƬĻţȵķһظǹһصĳʹڷﶼܸܵҺͳĺƺƵ
˷ܵشСϴػֱۣ
죡Ͻ׼׼
һܿˣ
ڿҪˣ


45 
ҩȴ½, 뺣Զ½̥, ⻹ǵһμһʱĳȣſʫϣ͸ſһȵķֱӴʺΡ
ѹ
𱡵ƴδôĶǵĹһһǧĺˮ, ˳׾񷣬ڳɸǽȻ䣬ɷѩͻһƬãã쳹, Ž
̧ͷ
۽ӡ𱡵Ƶͫסږ˵Ļڶߣ˵, ǧɣûдţûп󣡴ͷϷɹģĵȷȷһֻǧɵ
ڣ
ȶǧ֮˫, ȼһƬӿĻ𺣡
һֻϵó, ֱı, ĩ˱ץǿ, һУԵɷĺ, Ϲ۽
ĳʹ׺ɲǳѪ
ճԶĵط, չ, ʱ⼸绯Ϊ˽̿
ô
üɫ裬ɤʡ
׳۰ɣ
½ͷ
δһʶԼСڽ̫ͷϷɹ˲, Ұֻʣ³ƣһжģŤĪսϯȫؿʺ²
ŭΣݽ档
ô׳۵պڣ긴һ꣬ɽͷϡ
ݳǰݵưļϣp±һο˵
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ЦȻֹ
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½³ֻӳصĺ̨Ȼ˵ӰӣæְԴ˽յ𱡵ߣү˵ŮġʮʡЩʱѴһҪǴˣ


47 
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¥ڷһֱ˸ɽֹ
/ɫһʣ顱Ϊס
ռ㲻ǳĻת˲ŵĳ¶ǲ˼ľɫ֮ΪŮҲΪһ٣һλ㹻ɫļˣֲң߿¶ɬʱõǻ롣
ǣ˽٣˽ɡ
ʱ򺺰̨Ѿ¥ż䶼Ůģĸ߶ȣ½Ͳɺз׷վ߶ſڣʵȲذͷ̽ȥŮݡ
һʼЩ˼ԵԼɫһ٣¥վˣҸҡȿ潣ɧȸչβ
˶ʱģװģҡȸҲϣƾ
ȥ𣿡
»ãʳ𱡵ơ
𱡵̵ذѱоһ֧ͷ봹ѻĽëϵʣΪʲôҪȥ

һ㶣漴˵ͷ
ûӲŲҪȥ
ҹֻ¥ģ඼µһ˵ġ³λ¹ӣҪ뿴ˣȥǰײҲҵŮˣԹˡ
𱡵Ʋˣ̵ؼȾơ
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𱡵һƽʱ͹Ƿǣˡ
ǾͲǷˣֱӰͱ
һһ
ÿһλӻӺīסɰŮеʫϺ̨˵ʫۺûֻҪܹŮܽСػʮʡŮҲѡһЩ¿ͷʫбܷСŮ´
ˣǵĴҪŮʮһһ̭дܹʮأСеһڣͻȰƬ̣ɸԽʫжŮ
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ҲһЩ츳ѵʿͷصĻᡣ
¥Ůͬʱһʢᡣ
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̴Ⱥ棬ʫһƪһƪعҳ
࣬Ǳһȣĵ߽һƧܸ
Ҳ¥ŮͶǣɽʫܷ飬һ̤˲ͱˡЩұȥת۾ʹһλ¥ϰһȵʿһӢ

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ʣէһᣬƺԶһ΢Ц˾ͻˮһպЦҲ͸ֹ졣
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ǵڼΰݼλԳơϷˣжᣬ̬ж׺ͣʼղ̧ͷΪŮӼĴû˿־壬η塣ΪٸᣬҲˣֻҪˣŪ/Ƿ糾ŮӵֺϷ
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ӦǡҰĲ̧ͷȥ
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ӴˣѲجΡ
һۣ÷绪ïӡŮλΪɥʧŪ/ܽ顱롰ĵŮֻ·һ
𱡵ơ½նɺС
ηϷһƬĥˮ͸ˮ۲ڷǰһŲ
ֱԼĪߣһССĹ㻥档ˮƬŴһ㣬Ӱ㸡˳΢һƶԿſߣ첲䣬ץ½ˡ
̽𣿡
ϷٶȴƲϿҲ㲻ϳªֻһ޺Բͬǣʼûʧ΢ЦĨ΢Цʮᣬȴ˺Īһ˿⡣
²ǵĹʹݹ٣ʲô⣿
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ϻ̳Ͽ֣Ӧǡ
ֻЩ档
ϷˮƬȡһŽ׵ֽд˼֡
¥ֻΪ˺Ⱦ𣿸Ůȥԡ
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
һһ
ôЩλ̫ҵĳʦأϷĵʡ
̫ŵһ޹˼ɣش𣬡ﺦϵĽѾնͷ
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ﲻٶͣŰϢ˳ȥ
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𱡵ϷǽȻ෴ˡ
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48 ʤ
죡½ʮһ, ĸ㣡ߣϣϴ, ĿذвľҪ֧ܰҩժˣ˵һֻˣСȥ¥ۣӶû
߱ߣ𳳱𳳡
½ð亹ҧűʸͷ, ץѳζǡ
Ѿд״ʣֱܡŹغʮһأԽԽµļơ
ŮֻܻӺī, ӿȿŮУǸﶼͭײ͵ġӹˡ, ɺе鷨ѣϧֻЩҲ½Сӻһʡ
ʩôô
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԰, ½æ͵һ, °룬̬ȱйİɫǻ費ɣ
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ôһתۣ½ӸܲŮˣ
ڳһǧΪϧļơ
ֱ̫߳㤡
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½Ͳɺ˳ָķȥֻһƾֳǺһϸ˼ӡûӢһ˫üŨֺڣѹüͣ۾΢ݣԵü
С˭ѽйװġ
½ʡ
ӦӣӦšɱڣӳһҪ
ԱߵĲɺСGһе졭˵
߹ʺ콾ʮôԸ˵㵱Ȼ˵
ŶŶŶ
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ڷӡҩȹԼɽٸ
Ǹ߾竰ڶĻе竰
Ϊ竰ܺϣҪΪ˾֪İ࣬ƷɲҪ׵ﲻŲǿΪһһʱпܱΪˡǹʣ竰ϸ߹ҵģһǶǵŶ档
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½Ҳʲôҩʱ˵ɽиӦ϶ÿ궼Ҫս¦ÿ궼ڵᡣ
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Ӧ콾ʮҲһĸʢˡκΪԸԸʮʱӦŸ۵ᣬŻҪס̫ӰЦһðΣ˲һϣȥ
һţӦŵſΡ
ӴˣӦҲȥμ۵ᣬ˶ɽ󵱸ͷߡ˭ͷû꣬ɽ˸¦ļһ
Ӧ϶ֶ֮ߡ
¿νӦŵĽɣƽʱû˭ᡣ½Ͳɺ˭ָ竣ѣ
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ﺣĳԱ
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½Ťͷôߴߴɧ˭
֪һۣ϶ڽţٸôʶ
Ӧ¹Цһ
˺¹ӴＷ漴һЦ̫ʱ֮ɽ͡ٸ󣬾⣬ϢͨҲ
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١ƤЦȻ̫ݹӣϡϡ֪̫ͣ񣿡
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ЦݲģĴĽѾã̫ʲôʱҪظӵݱ塣
½󾪣Ҳ̫˰ɣô˼Сﰡ
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һǧǰ̫ϵһޣ׳־׼ὣɽ̫ңɹ⽣Ҷѩһϸߵ͡ߵ·һɱˡǧ꣬˵ÿÿϽʮ֮ףضһڡն̫桱̫ʦ̤ɱĵһˣҲԵС㡣
Դ̫
ϧǷͷݸɵ̫ﱾˣ̫ϣҪ֡˵ֻ˽˵˵а֮ڳʱû˭ȥߵķιӡ
֪ʡ尲÷񡱣ҪֽǮֽ
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ȻֻǼС֮սͬʱǣɽҩȡں̫ϾѾǳܲˡ̫ʱɨ½ͲɺУĿ裬ס
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Ҫִº׷ҲΣЩ컨˺ô̫ͬʱϵֹǰһʱӦŽάȣֻڶùѪͷ
ɺǰһ⽫½ڱ

Ҵ˽ա
䢻m
壬ӯ
ˮ°ʯͻĸÿ˵Ķ䣬ĵ׵Ҳ᲻صҲΡ
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λŵŮԸò˫ǽ¥ŮΪһˡ㲻ԶŮ
ŮŮĿתã
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̫ʱճյһЦ
ӷա
ɺ˫ֺʮ΢΢һݡ
ҩڶ̣κιŮףֲңصλǲŻ׿Խ֮˴һ°ػʮʣ
ŮҲӦ̫ʱһЦ
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һ첻ߣµ۽ֱ飬ףͨͨ½ֱ󣬳ĳ𱡵Ʒơ̫ܲܰݹȽ£Ϳ˰ү
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ʮ֦ƻ, ϸͭ˽ʮյ̫ƴ¶𡣵״䱳ȼһֺ, ץѩ˿Ļ㣬ϵͭ塣
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Ϳø̫ʱֶ֮꣬ʵա
Ͼ⡰ػʮʡҲǵһδûó𱡵Ϥ£иס
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Ůֱ䣬ָشͭϻһ̽, ժһö㣺˾֮
̫ʱԣҹ, ƽɳԶ鷫͢Ϧգĺѩɽᰡ
ɽƱգԹ֮
˷ʱɽ, ʱ
Ů̫ʱһһ, ɺ˺, ø첲ͱͱ½ʩа𣿡
İɡ
½һҡ, һֺ󸺣ѩ, ɧ֮¡
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ڰʣڤ˼롣
ھʣⲽǻ
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ЩӶ½вɺһ飬Ҳ߯˰ɣû¼ǱûޣʱûУҪô㣿
̫ʱϳΪδߣͬһϤ⣬ЦʣŮǷҽҹŶϵ̨Ϊѣ
̫ݹǴ𲻳ô
Ů۲ӯӯ
޽⡣
̫ʱҡͷ
̫ݹӵػֹڴˣϧˡŮǳǳһЦǧǰںˮ⡣̫ʱصļ⣬֪ҲЦˮȥˣðˣαͬһŮӼƽϣ
Ц
˸޽֮ѣɼǡΨŮСҲ
Ӱľ޳̡
һ
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ŮҪѩһص֦һ٣ػķ
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Ȼˣ
λӴˡŮףͨ¼־Ի޲ӰƮ䷽вβӰ[1]ʶľ޳޶̡
ͨ¼
۽΢顣
ͨ¼һϡֽơĹ飬֪˭Ҳ֪ںʱεءݼƹֵɬѶٳŽһγ֮ȥûκһܹӦǧǰѧҸǹ׶ۣһϼй˱ķ軰
ͨ¼ÿһһʮ֣ԱΪԡ󣬾Ըȥжȥеϸ֦ĩڡ
Žػѹû˴ɣ
ֱơ
Ƶǣ˴ˡ
һʱǷ׷׳ķȥĿо²в߼ߡ
ͨ¼ģɺʧƬ̣ͱͱ½óϷƶɮ֪ΪˣʩȻѧ
½һЦ
ʵͨ¼Ǹʲô֪֮ôģΪ𱡵п죬ҡһĿʮУĿѡǸճʯǡֳֳ鶼һϿ꣬ϻʲôס
Ҳ֪𱡵ƺúõһʲôë˺Ⱦ⣬İþȻǿ顭߰ʲô
½ʹԭ
𱡵һ߷ߣ˵һѡΪûлûеûֻƵĻ½ҲǺǺֻóүȻвӲ𣡶߹
ʱ𱡵ƿ½һԼƶޱȵĴ
Ŷ֡ǳүġ
塣
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˵ȷϳǷｻλ̫Сʦ档
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ŮһЦͷժһöѩ㡣
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һĿ½һɣ⣬ʡި͡ߵľǶ٣ǡިʲôʲôľҪô㣿ôĿˣ
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ިָîʮָңΪʮա
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ʱξߣŮʡ
ߪԾأӦ򡣡[3]
΢Ի֮
ˮԻ£ԻϣľԻֱԻӸ뼼𣡣
Ůٽӿ죬ҲһһŹֵꡣ
𱡵ʼնһУɢɢſڶԴ¥ԭȻȻԲûԷˣɫмŮһ¥ҲûõģĿһ⣬֪˵Ҳֽʲͣһһҹ
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½˵ɫ÷ˬѣ˵һȺûĴүܹ죬ͬʱУĸ˵ĺˣŶ
߳𱡵ƴԽ죬Ǳ̫ʱɫԽѿ
ͬǴʮʣû¶ļһǳĵԽǳ֪
ݺ񣬹ĸ
˼ա
Ůһ֧ѩ㣬ĵһ
һ¥ɼˣܹͨػʮʣѡ˶ȹһҹȴû뵽΢Ҳˡһʼ˺̫ʱ棬ʵЩԸʮһԼ˲ɵҲһ˿ڴ
ٲѧˣ
ȻһЦλӣϲػʮʡ
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ү޵УӦź̫ʱ˲Ӭһɫ˸߲ҵظŻˡ
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֮Ĳô쳤¼ϸصһ˳ǣ˻첻Ӱ
½һ𱡵˵ʲôĳ𱡵Ӧˣ

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һãȻֻԼˣô˸ɴؾܾŮ룿
Ů΢΢һ㶣ʶʣΪΣ
ΪʲôҪһòÿˣ𱡵Ȼطʡ
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ŮЦݳѺָۣײͭϡ
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ֱײǰ
˶񱼡
ҳӾҳӣʲô¥½һܣһʡ
𾫡һöȼǧ꣬ںͭвԣһ˲ܸոճ𱡵һʮöӣ˼¥ö˶˵񷶥ײ˲˵Ѵ¥󶥸ˣ
ˣһ˲ܿǣңѴָˡ
ɽԵƣˮҳ㷹Ǹ˷ӦͱӴڻ졣ɽḻѲ˲λʼľ˻ǣɽĵ̲ݻ߲⻹⣬˺ġ
ҪºҪǮ
¥Ϊһǧ겻ͷ¥ȻԼеĸ֡
ǰǺ̫ʱ𱡵ҳӶСìܣеʿΪС³ΪѼ档Ż¥Ͳһ˰
һϣһֺöѵذѲɺɱڵȺһƣһһ£ͷл٣Ȼ½һų𱡵ưȾܡ
ܿܣһ߿·һߴߴ٣ҪǱץס͵ԸǮˡ
𱡵Ʊܣ۾΢գͷһһأ˯˯
ѵð
½
үģһȻǷƷ衣
Ͻӣɽ˼нѣۿҪˣ˵ߡһһصĺͬ
лˡô㣿
ؿèںͬİ¹Ů
㡢㡢㡭ŮʳָŵߣʾǲҪ˵ͬǽ档
ͷӹ
ˣŮ֣شǰ⣬ӳġ
½ŮԵ˿㡭ոճĿǺĳԶԹؽʵ˸жҲʵ˾谡
ŮҡͷŮٷҲǸ糾˰ڲ΢Ƽлᣬ˭ԸƼ޸ҡҷҼȻ˳ûŻȥҲλӣ¥УҪҿӽмһˡ
˭
½ʶʡ
Ůûֱӻش𣬻ԶĻ¥ͬյðʯ߹½ŷȻǳܳģϵһöͭС䣬ö
Ǵ׹̨ϵĺӣôȴͻȻûģþֻ򵥵Ů
㡣
ߵ𱡵ǰż⣬רע۾Ƭڳµڡ
½۵˿ش˴˵úþռ˰곡ӹﻹԸ۰Ͱ͵ص
Ҹ˭̽ǣߺòã
Ůͷӯӯ⣬ŮҲᡰҼ
ڹ𣿡
𱡵΢Щɻʡ
ֲÿ
Ů⿨ڽëϣûܵ
𱡵Ƹ˵ʲôУͬһȥ漴΢΢һ̧°ͣšôҪӰɣ
ӣ
ֵ½ͻȻһ֨֨תͷ˳ų𱡵ʾķȥ
糵ӴֱһԲվ


50 ¹۹
ˡ
𱡵Цشк
ôôأ
½, ˺ǽϣսսسźͬǱߵ, ӭĺһ֡ӡǿԤСүһҲӢŰ
ϧүĵ˻ߵĺȡ
ڣһˣͦˮ֮У
Ůת
һãȻ㵵ؿӭӡõȷÿѹûеôôǧ˰ģȲˣһѪʱӿŮѿڶ⡭
ֻû˵ڣ½顱һ졣
ͬʱһա
Ҳ߯߯
ӵúã, ƸۣŮҲվӣǸҲүǰգޣ
Ǿǣ½ٽϣѵˣҲôһ

亹, һ
𱡵ƿͬϣ΢΢ͷ
ʦкʱ, Цܿĵӡɵʦ峯Ц, ûʲô߹ǽĻ¥, ɽȼ, ש, 򼹵ҡҡ׹
ͻȻס
޳ָ, ʦһԲ, 
𱡵˳ӵظߡ
˵Ǵǰ, ½͵͵۷졭ƺͣһ̣Ծݼ, 簵Ƶ͹Ƶһ𱻷Ķ¶ǽ
һζ
½͵صɴۡ
Ҳ٣
ٸƨ
ٴеصȵ£һţ򶼲쮳

½һСǵͨ죬ƴ
մתһأȻأֱӱ½ĵáˡһҵϣƨɿˤɰ˰ˡ۵ƿڴ½ʮһǲǣ
ǸǸ½ǸԼ֣Ǵһӣ֣Ȼ⣬ү֣Ǹ˴֣ոû𣿡
û
ҲǷ½СӣôǸɵ󵨣˭ᵶʱ챻˺ĻеӿǴӻӡȵȣȻع
˵
ԶԶԣ½Сװͷͳ𱡵öӣ˭Ҳһöһģһ
һĴȣҼǵóүյǾдˣѵʶ
ʮþȣ½ǽ£һƨʯϣһ꣬Ҹоܷܱʼ飬дۡ
һ磬ˣ㻹˼˵ҿ̰ӡӰģӶ׼ˣֽҲúˣѾĿ۶ˣһˣ㵽д˼֣
˿ˣ
㶼ˣͷڶһĹǰֶš
ⲻܹҰ½ԩ뿪ǺǾû桭ţҲпǼǲ֪˿һľżôдǣܲ
ǣܲ
ǳ鶯̲סۣһģүѧЩʲôⶼʲô߰ġ
ִ˵Ȼ½ֹ漴һ°ͣô죿ոյĻǼ٣
ŮձһֱӸɨǽˣ»ڶǽԲѡ
½ҪлүĵѡʲôˣŻڹʱײһλ
ɵЦѺʮͭ壬Ůй
ô죿½Ϊѵͷ
룺ȴȥвǻᡮ𣿵۹ʲôˮģһճȥһȻ׺ͰЩǵ˲ɣ
½ͷͳͰ͵ţݸ
ʲô
һ㶡
Ҵš
һ£˵Ҹ
һ½ʮһɫЩ䡣ҲͲʣͷһĿʮеؿţûͲʲô⣿үԶһ㣿ȱ۰ɣУĳү㲻ɣһ֮ѣǱΪ飬Ѿĺõȥ
Ҿ˹ˣ½ݺݵ÷·Ҫѻȥֲʲôﲻļһƾʲôô
ͷ½ĵ˺ܾá
ǡpǡ¥·һֱߣڳ𱡵߹ĵط·һֱɱǱںڰУָ𱡵ơƾʲô½벻ͨƾүһҵô
ʵֻǸ竣ҲҪ䱸Զ룿
ʵʮ򣬰ˣҲʲô˵Ҳֻܼǽ壿
ƾʲô
𱡵Լں

½֪ʲô˳𱡵Ƶһҵϣ֪һеô¡ֻ֪¥үµһʱ򣬺ʵ⡭ȫνſȲֵܡ
Щ߯飬½ƽʱû˼˵
Ҫ±Цֱ죬ŷһһ
ľˣվŶ½ȻŮһɽˣЩⲻǳĳ𣿡
Ѹ߸˵ңĵ
½һţӹĻһֽīΪɻҡ𱡵Զ֪дʲô˵Ļ
½ˡ

ȸһą̊́
ȸǻԽɽ
𱡵ڴζɵغšȸ̨
ʦ´֣ȥ麣һͷһΣ𱡵һײʦ屾ܵؾͻסˡ
ؾһ˲
˿紵ϣϸϸᡣܵһ£漴͸¶һ£ôô졣ʦڴ׵ĺľϣȻͽסˡ
𱡵ûлͷû
ŵϤĲҩζɵ˼ڲľѷѡ
ˣ
ʡ
ûС
˵ѡ
𱡵ЦƯͫӡһӺཻĲ԰֡¹棬ԣ
ںϣڱϡ
ʦ彫𱡵ƴӺߣȻΪ˴Ҳ֪ʦСۣ˶ոպáԺˮ죬ƺơںϻʻέһҶ
ãʵǲҪ˻ġ
һһԲҡ֣ʲô
ûƭ㣬ʦ˵΢΢ͣһ£
˵ú档
֪𱡵ڰѡ
Իˡ
𱡵Цһ£ЦñǰԶˡ
ʦ嶼о˼ᶶЩٻشˡҲ֪ôشֻ֪ԶԶؿӰŮż⣬ͷôͺô壬ôزʣôغ¡
ڲʲô
ںʲô
֪
ǻǻɽԿ
ǻǻѲڡ
𱡵΢΢һƫͷϣغšȸ̨ļΡ䣬Ӧܶʼĳ䣬·һֻȸڹ¶ǻ
Ȼͣˡ
ʦս˫ۣ𱡵ݽĻĲҩζǵض϶ذΧסˡ


51 
һ޼ʵĲ, һҶέıۣ޷Ҳ޳, ޳Ҳ
Բӵ

𱡵
ǰôմĴݼһ˵Ķʦ͵͵Ӧһ֡𱡵ҲֻǱӵסʱ˵ʲôͻʱ䲻, ĵҲϡ
ؽϣ·Ҳûʲôá
𱡵Ʋ˵ˣˮཻĵط޴һһ¶, ǡǼԲ, Ҳһ˿ȱǰ뺣¹ԲظƵͬʱԾӰ, һһ, ͣںƽϡ
ƺ, 淺ϸܵơ
֡𱡵˵

ѧˣ𱡵üһ, װˣ
˵
𱡵ЩЦüײһ£, ĥ, ֻһΡ
ʦ, ЩԸɿ֡¸O@𱡵ֱ, ȴûǵͷȥ֪ʲôһᣬ𱡵ƻͷʦ岻֪ʲôʱϢˣվڴУ۽΢
紵Ƶڡ
˰
ѧˡ
𱡵ûסЦˡ
ʲôأ𱡵һ£һְڴľбб֧¡
ʦ忴һۣƲعҪˣ𱡵ֵϣתȥʦ˳ڴ¡ʦ岻֪Ҫʲôֻǿ;øⲻϰߡ
O@𱡵ˣԶ룬ֿˡ
ʦ΢΢һ㶡
ķ˳ˣž޳΢ůָָһ͸ͷĵ׺һ¶
˵ðǱүһ𽵹ͷ
𱡵һ˵һ߽ʦͷɢȻһһ£ϲһ׺˺ʯһһ̵ش䣬ƶ΢΢ҡڣ»ﷴ䵭İ⡣
ҾͰ´ȥ
ɢɢ
á
ʦĻشܼࡣ
𱡵ԼоЦһ£ЩԵس˳ͷʦЦһ𱡵Ʋˡ
ǳԵʣʦûдڵϰߣƽʱֻһ𡣳𱡵֮ǰpҹƳʯĪ뵽ҲãͷҲãһʱ𣬳𱡵ûӵϰߣѧһμ棬ִᣬ
ڰ죬ԽԽҡ
ʦͷ̫չ󱳺һЩ𱡵ƺ˴ᣬһֽͷ£һһֽϲŵķ˲ǿס
ú󣬳𱡵Ƶʦ档
ǰ˵ʦ̾ˮȥԼֱЦڴβĶʲôɢҵģʦԶǷ˰ԽЦˡָо¶ʿѰ𣬽˸ѳš
ֲ֧
ʦ忴ЦɫҲǳǳطЦ⡣
ˣˡ
𱡵Цһᣬ̽ȥ鷢
ʦס󣬲𱡵һƴ֣ѷ
ʦһŷֳ𱡵Ƹ·
Լ𱡵ƲڴϣԶϵӰأ
һһ״̳񱭡ʦҿ̳߿ע԰ݸ𱡵ơ
𱡵ƽӹƱͷһ෴ҺͮϼԵ»һӯڰԲ춬ʱڸɽʢĺ÷¶ںѩƻұš
ʲô
𱡵˳ָס񱭣ҡΣ¹÷һ顣
û֡ʦ˵
𱡵ƣʦ忴֪᲻ϲ̳ơʦԼٺȾƣǸһٺõľȵʲôƷˣҲûáʵƣڻ𱡵Ƶʱ򣬲ŻôãȻ֪ѡʲô
Ƽʤľơ
ɳ𱡵û˵ǺǻҲû˵ϲǲϲֻ屭
ͽСơɡ
ڻͷ¹ƹ峺羵
ʦֲѣϡӦϲģ˿ҲԼһ𱡵ִſڴϣƣȻ;һˮʦãȻ̧ͷˮӴͷϵ¡
𱡵ЦԾڴβ
ߡ
һ䣬ϵľ̳ߣڴβĩҵļϡ
ȥˮͷȥм䡣
紵ó𱡵ƵĹͮϼ߶Զʦͫӡĺڷĺ£Ȼ޵Цա
ȥˮľͷȥıء
ȥֻǵ˼ֽߡ
ңĺһİ׺ۡͷƿˮֿͷӭƣУߵҶ衣
һɼ䡣
īĺϳһ־޴İ£ӰԽԽվڴβĳ𱡵ƽ˵ľ̳һԾʦ͵ͣס
ֹסӰӡ
𱡵ͣˮ档
֮ţԳ⣿
̫֮ϣ⣿
𱡵ˮչ絶ѪĻԲˮ¾ػɳ֮ʢŨīߵ֮չ캡
δ٣⡣
ļδԱ⣿
һۣ߸еİ£ڰը׷һƬ޲ʣһƬȻȥķϼǧ»࣬绲ȸһ־޴İΪ̨龡ͷ߸衣
㣬
Ժ㣬Ļ޺
߷߶裬֮߳ĵ㡣
߼ɣ·
غɣ㼸
裬ɶ壬֮ˡ
˵ߣҲ޲Ȼ˵赸
Լʱ羲»ʱȡ³̶ûա
һʱһ꣬һ۱һԡ
ֻһˡ
ʦվڴϣôıôķŭзӿǧĳҲǧķȻһھӿЩ˵Ļжһ̧־Ҫڻζٲɿ
¼ΣȺǼࡣ
ֻҪúõġ
δ
𱡵Ƶĸὥ죬䣬վӰм䣬ĿôãͫôؿտѾૡ
¡
δ
ǣ
ûꡣ
𱡵羵ĺ棬ʮָ˽ؿסˡסֵˣϿһöһģһöײһ𣬷΢䷺Ĵ
΢ȵġ
ڵġ
ֻʶ׾ɬһǵĺһ£ϻ£ں棬ˮߣߣ¼䡣
塣
𱡵ૡ
ˣġ
Ҫסҡ
һֱ׹ܲܽסң


52 ˫
סˡ
𱡵ͷ, ڵͫӡʦ塣ɫ۾ܰӰصӰ¸, ӵݶͶµӰܽ֡
ססץס
ô˵ˡ
𱡵ЦЦûҲ½ɢ´ѩļͷ, һ亹
ƭҡ
ʦһ
𱡵ЦЦûÿһڹͷÿһѪⶼڷ˷⡣
۵Խ, ЦԽ衣
ڳ
ԴԴϵĺӳ𱡵ƵӿԹʳ˽ǵƤ, Ц񺿡ǳӰԭȻƽûһ˿ĲɲǷڣХ, ŭλ, յ¡
޵ľ, ֻʦ𱡵ƴһСƬǾġ
־᧿Σ
𱡵һҧʦļϡ
ҧֺ, ͸ҧѪ⡣µļ⾢ݽʵ, ס˼Ҫӿڵľ
Ұ
ҡ
ʦһֺĺ, ѹø, ܲɷ֣ڳץסӲ֡𱡵Ƶ߬ùؽɭȻ, ѪָʦֿԼָָָָۣڣƤƤ⣬϶
𱡵ûһ˿Ѫɫֱָ³Ѫۡ
ꡣ
һܼĽϸײϵ˹չ壬ʦϵҧס𱡵ϵġһŤβĳߣ˵һܲɷ֡
𱡵ˡ
ڷ٣ѩļ·ɢˣ¶Сɰĺ󱳣бļιǣ·Ƽһ̵İ׵ѪɢĺڷǹѩѪĬĲ԰Ӱϡ
˰ںС
Ӱʱ飬ΧľκʱûǣʱһҲҹĺס

Ļʯɰɫˮ

˹Űӣ䣬ѹ¯һɶߵĻ𣬰Сľݵݶһ顣
ûǲôĥĥġ
Ψ˻ο˵Ĵ«ߴ١
ߴߴߣȥ
Сͷһ֣תݺݵص
㵱ͬʱһٰѵһٰѽҲӵĹôں˸ǧ꣬˲䶼ĵزΨڴϣɰϹͷˣҿײĿҪ硣
ޣСͷһ̫һܱͭȵģй˵ûң
û취ΨϿҵ˵߹ҵӣҲֻˡ
Сͷصھȥժˡ
ˡΨߵͣͳõľƶ·ûˣˡ
СͷƵĵûӡ
ľƵڵϣ¯Ļճ֣ʻ᳤׺ɱڣдǣ
̫빷ڡ
̫ҵˣôҪ𣿡
Ψ´«´˷ߣߣõ£ôŪ
ߣס̫ͣͣͣšѵ˶ⲻ𣡡
ΨȻһ壬
ôСǸӰСͷ¯ǰľϣûԷôٿ㣬ва
Ψһڣ踺صرָֻš
һᣬΨ˽࣬Сͷˣʼ̨ææµµ֪ڵʲôΨ߹ķ磬ŽʯСںϰһһ鲻֪Ŀʯɷĩ
칤Ǯ
ƶֻܺ˵ȵľΨĬϰ죬˵
ǮҲסСͷһҿһ֮׺þΨԴӵģϴǮǷҶʮƽʲôʱ򻹣
ǮͻǮͻ
Ψطܡ
ˣӾͰĵǳ˵ˡСͷЦһ˵
СΨϲƵģոͽܣˣѹͷ͹˵㻹Ҫʲô㿴ùôһһһὣ޺úٸҴϻҪɣʵڲľҲԡ
Сͷɵˡ
㿴ҪĿͷҿ˸ͽܣûգѰ˼ŵøѵʦͽٰҴѵԺ֡ҪǣСͷ˵ҹͷ򣡡
˵˵ΨڴӦǵðͽܵĵ˧һ㣬ëͷСӾϲ
СͷĿࡣ
˲Ҫ޵У
˳ϲҲ
СͷͷһͿأǼƹͷ˭Ҫ˭ҪȥӼ˾ͷˣû
ΨΪܡ
ʲôܵծܵ־Ǻö˭Ҫ˭Ҫ
´ҪѴҲСͷߺߵؽõķĩһСߵ¯ǰͣһ¡
Ψɿ֡
¯һСͷѷĩһԶص¯Ȼžһ¯¯عϡڷĩȥ˲䣬ըľ¯ˡСͷһּֿĿھһ˫ư¯ϡ
˪ϴڣת˲佫¯ס
Ÿæ
СͷŤͷһԵľΨ󺰡
Ϊ뿴߶𣿣
ʲôȥΨһ絽СͷߣһϣԴԴϵ˹ȥը¯𣿡
һûļһ˵Ҳǰ˵ڿ߶Сͷӵس㵱̫һ÷𣿣֮÷ҲУĲñң
ÿЦ
˵䣬ضɽҡ𶯴¯дһ񣬼ХСͷΨͬһʱ䱻޴һǰһ󵹷˳ȥ
Ŵˣ
ΨһץסԴײϵϵСͷɫһ䡣
СͷҵؿԣȳɫѪ̫ܰһоǧ꣡ģ
˵ţ¯Ҫ¯һ
Ψסĺ죬˻
顪
¯ĺ飬Ļ泯˷˳ȥ¯飬ӿ¯е龰һࣺ̫һסֱϼٵճҺĺӿֲϱ϶Ȼķ
Сͷ͵תͷضסΨ
ɽˣ
ǰϡΨطʣ㲻֪𣿡
֪ƨ
㲻֪һͿ¯ϻСͷŭƱ⿪̫һʴǸˣֲϹģ
ڡΨεضһ£¥ɣ
¥Сͷһ㶣漴ף֣ôȥ
Сʦ棬ȥҸȻȥ¥ȷе㲻áΨˡ
˭˵Сͷˣ˵ôǵģϣ㻹øȥȫĵط
ôˣ
ΨӦԼʶʲô
ϡ
Х
һ
Сͷһڵ棬ذǽݶͬʱݺύƣһź̫һϡ
ף¡¡籩
з籩
ˮӴ˽˶һתͷһֻ麣治֪ʲôʱ籩ӿ֮ߵͷһһصѹգһش󺣣ǧǳذεضֺȻħ
СͷһһתͷӾΨ۾ڣҵȥû˵ĵطԽԶԽáҰѷƲȫϴ̫ҡǾͲɽھߵĶѣߵĽٻ
Ĺƨɽ𣬾û˹һˣǣʮˣˣ
;˶ûϵ
Сͷͺ𣬺볱һ𣬹ס
ֻ̫ңסϵҵϡ뿪̫ңԼ֪ʲôʱʧء㵽׶һ̫һס
Լһױ


53 ˮĺϼ
֪
Ψ
ʲô
֪Լʲôʱʧ, Ψضֱ, ±񳱰ɱ񵶯֪
Сͷͭ壬ҵϵˣû˭
ʮǰʧعһΡ̫ҡ
ΨסѾնǰ־Ļ˶
Сͷһ㶣ʮǰǲǡ
ǡΨ˱ۣǿƽ, ǲǲ㱻ɵһꡣϲò뽣ɽ̫һ˲һ£ֱ칤Ⱥڰϳ޺áһ꣬ꡣ
ꣿ
Сͷüͷ˳, Ź֡
ǰѹϰһգһꡣһ߰˸, ţƵ̫һ죬ϵʱڳ, ȻͲˡΨ, ȥ˱ɽ
ȥˡ
Сͷ׵״סˡ
ɽ, 
Խ, Գʡ絶²֪ĺѷ, ȥ, ˤ, ͻ׹;֧顣
Ҳ̫Ψһû˵ĵط
סҵϵģ̫һ
Լ
Сĺ
ĺ, ѹǾΨɭĿ⣺ѣֻô˵һΣҾɱ㣡

ڴαһ
Хضɽҡ
ΨץסСͷĲӣһ˦һһ̫һʯݵƺգƣ̫һϣһŤԹǵݴӽӿĶ£ѹǡ
Ϲͷã
Сͷײϣһ߿һ
бȥȫµ˶ɱ˰
Ψһϵץסۻ㶮ʲô
ϵǿнϣǰһ
ջʱֻôһ󣬡ΨȻһ£ǿһ㳤ߣһһ찮Ц˰áҪȥѲˣǾȥ/ݵҪշβͣǾ͸ܡ
ҿ֪ͷôˡ
Сͷ૵竣̫Ҿԡ
ôŵһΪŰ˭ȵù
ɽģ̫ҡ̫ôھôڣôôʲôǵãʲô֪ΪĿһֱӣΪôЦ򱱳ȥʱҲЦ
Ψͷ
ΪѩСôϻ̫ң
¡¿ӡΨ̧֣࣬ܰЩôûõز
СͷƲ
ɽˡΨͷҲأһһ̫һҪǳħͷ̫Ҿµһаţ
һȺӡ
СͷĬĬؿıӰڿ̫һʱʵʵҵϵסתһһɵצץסѵӻȥ

Сͷƿڴת˲䱼䣬СǽͶΰ丸Ӱӡ
칤۸šư类ˣ
һץסΨļӥצһΨһȥԼһԾ𣬼ιĳһص״Ƥ﷭ݵ˫ס
ס
Ψϳ
㲻˵Ҫ𣿡ʡ
ͷ칤һ̽ס̫һ⴩ϺѲˣ
Ѫɫڼ䣬ͽعסСһӾͱխƣ칤ͷŲȳשҵֱѪɫ׵ס̫һںϡ
Աһץ
ɫʯͽĩշԾΨ˳䵽ϣըһƬһƬѤĹʡ
Ϊʣߡ
ɵվŸʲô칤Ťͷô󣬳Ҫɽļһȥˣ

ϳǽ۳
խɽ̣һæҵرϷһ߻ŵͷϵָ꣺⡢ⲻ԰ͷͷ¼Ǳȫ෴
ʦ֣˵ֵɣǼǱ磬˯еġԲɫɷףսսؿһرһظߵĳͷǻˣǰô˯ģʦץץͷƤ˹ǰû
ڡڸʲô
һͷڹ۳£Բһѱסָӡ
Űɣʦֲȷ˵Ҽǵ÷ƫ廹̣͵ôˡ
˵ţ̣ӣҪڽ¥ϵĺŽȥԲȻ𾴣벻ʦ֡
һбϡ

ʫۼֿؾס죺ôС̫޹ˡ
ʦûش
ѾŻȥˡ
ʫҡҡͷûͷѧϰһ̫ڣЩӵĿҹȥϹµվ׮Ҳû֡һţһŤͷһӣȥ
һѽʺ
ΨһյһԲù
ʫ΢΢һЦҾ֪ҿ۰Ͱ͹æôк᲻˵㣿𱨲ðɣ
ҿ϶ǼǶģ㣿ΨߣϺֻĶ飿
˰ʫ飬ͺ꣬ôҪӸϡ֣ɻٷ磬ʵ湫ӡ
⻰Ҫȥ˵Ψ˵
ϺϺɡ
ʫһһ
ָڵ棬ƿһߣ˳ְŵɽӺҵϡ
Ψ۽ǳһ¡
ָ̯ɽҪꡣ
ʫת𵴲ݵĺ棬ͷһ߽һߴ߱ôԶִﺣ߶н֮ߣԤԴصľжວš
ҿ˺磬ֳֵӣʫ±紵죬һ䣬˺ͳûҵǵģġ
Ψüøˡ
为顣
̫ɽµһ£ȥǡʫɽɽ̸˴ӲⱾ䶼붯ˣҪһԴþˡ
ϻ˵ΨӶԱ߽䣬㵽ʲô
ȥϷ˵ɡ
ʫص
̧ۣ϶ǡֵķ򣬻⽥Сˡ

¥ֽ簵Ӱ
Ů˽ж½Ǵˡ﹧£׽ͷľʵ棬Ҫ׷𣿡
ˡ
ϷһƬƬб
ɡЩɣǺ֣ܰļƻͲˡ
ûµģϷº͵˵ǸԺӡ
ǡ
ﲻ˵
ֻĵΪǸһЩŮεĺ̾˵˾Ϸָµߣ΢ЦΪѿߵֻдõӣһ
ϲǸӡϷתƬǲ̿ͶԷ𣿡
ûгԾ
ѾϰϷĵĶĲ΢
ü񿴵ǰԼ֪ļƻӲա ˵ʴȣüһΣüҲһοˡüçײˡ
߿ˣϷЦǰչһءĴӲգ
һ̧ͷ
ôأϣôĿƣ
Ϸ̾˿ҽ̵һѧǸúӰǫִϻۣ츳ҵй֮޲һһ꣬Զϲӡ
ϲǸѧ͸ô͡
ϧǰǸʦӰ̫ֻɱǸϼһŻᷢ˲һų򣬲ŻϷ渵·Ǹľ縸ֵʦǣæǰæΪ߻һʢ񣬰նϹȥһˡ
ëȻ
ϧվҵѧ
Ϸ̾˿
ź
ﱳȫ亹޲ԼδЩ
µλϷݡ
ϷûĿա
ҽֿһֵý̵ѧһδʦĺӣξֽջĿ⣬ǸˣԲԣ
ü֪ش
ô£㽲°ˡϷЦ˰鲹һɡ飬ɾûˡ¥ôأû뵽õľô򵥵ķ⣬һ˿Ҳޡ
ֱߵİϣöԼĪߵĲ˿̰޹⡣
ɳ飬в֪⻹⣬б¶ķա
ûϵ
ϷƬ¡
ˡ
δ䣬һӵĽŲһ
һ
¥ڲʵż󣬶ԱľİػβͨδңڽŲ׷ӣ·ʮϰ˾ֱ˹˲䣬۽ƳӰˮīȥ
顪
ľ顣
һӰצط˽ײްɢ½󳶿ϡ
ﻹ˵ͱһײǽˡ
λӢۺúҴǽĲɺпأƶɮ׬Ӳװ㣡
ߵ˱޹Ƶģ¥꣬ˣ˴ҹò״ס˵һ£Ҳŵ汳˭Χȭߣڡ
˲
ɺиߺ⡱һصײϣҵһģҪĻֹ˶
ȭһһ˴ҴҸϵ
ÿ
ڵ̫ʱһŰ÷ϣ·һɫ
ɺһһ߿ڿ󺰡Ƿڷӣ˭˭Ǻͷӹȥ¥¥ΪߵͶһṦ˫ˣˣת
о̫ʱӵݣɺ߽éˡ
ҲΪʲô̫ʱ˰Ÿϵ
̫ʱһԭΧŵסɢû취̫ʱҲɺˣɳһҴҵ˼أ͹ˡϽǸġƮʮ
̫ʱɢΪԵá
һ°ڣ̧žҪͺ¿ϲȡ

ȺȻ㵵

̫ʱһŸ߳ȥͱץסͷһֻףͷɢңĿؿǣĿ·Ҫˡ
Īŵúһ
ô㣿ͺ¿أ
ʡ
ֵĻòˡ
һɽѲ߶ûץݻߣֵˡǸո߹ʹӹս
ƶɮȻϻ˫
ɺмԶˣѼٷǵøʵһЩŴϰߵ£ǽߡ
ʩǮȥ
ԼĪһأϵķȻһƺҪԶշŭ
ɺɫһ䣬Ͻؽס
ħǸ÷ģҲǸùܵġ
һ߽ŵ߶߶һѾӳȥ෴񱼡
ɱʱȥħ
ຣѶɣѻ
ˮİ

ģ
ˮߣߡоԼ׹䣬гô˽
°ҵСүز
˭˶Ժְɡ

ŶˣںȾơ
ھ
ȵϰǸ񾭲Ѿȿ˺ףΪͷųǧĺˮȾƣһĸоǣܶͻܹŹӰɫϸɳ߹Ų⣬һʫ裬ˮԼꡣ
Ƭֺɫ㣬Ⱥʱϼںࡣ𱡵ϲɫ켰ϲȡ
Ƭڶ⿪š
Ůʹʧʥأﲻ֪ٱ顣
ȵԭ˲⽵񣬴ϰСˣ¿˽߹׵ķɧһȥүӲ廪ؽ˵Ⱥϫ뺣硣Ψһþǳ𱡵ƴݹٵʱϼƿѡĺþƣȻϢʧƬ𱡵һˡ
𱡵ۡ
ǰһһصĺڡ
ֱǾƿֱǴ򿪳յƵİťԭϰ尲װյƣҹڣƽ쿪
ϧѧΪƹӰ캣׵ȺϢڻʿƿ˰º޿κεعˡԭϰС²ۣ˵ǮðһƬֻһ˿ʿҲ鲻ˡ˽˺ѹȥ
ʵʿҪܽҲûʲôÿġ
𱡵һȣԵİİ޹ҹ˴Ӳơ
òڻ
𱡵ƿڲϣЩ֧ŲһᱻˮʴྡֻЩһܲס顣
ôţ벣
̧ͷž˵ܿʼŤϸϸܵİڲѸƿֵĺˮȻѹ¡
ץסһƿƣһ
Ҫҵƣĺ£İҲ䡣
ҪҪѻһ
Ҫ
׾ȵĵͻȻڰױһ̣
Ұ


54 ؽ
𱡵΢ز
ÿһ缡ذ, Ҳ·޾ĺӹؽڷ϶Ž, ƫƫѪҺƷҽͷͳ˱ŤֱĿܣ·ӽ¯Ľߣƣ㡭ѻҲһŭĵ
пնˣҲնԼ
Ҳ
˭ӵ˫еĽ
ʦرס, һĽԼţؽԼ࣬Լ߹ǺѪļС
ף졣
һ䣬һڡѩ, ϸ˵Ǹ赹˵ǴڤȻѹµĺ˱ڡ޼¡糺ĳڸ߿, ǧǧԹн棬߳޵Ѫ졣
ͷһһѹ䣬¹һ˲
𱡵ƽ纮Ȼһɡ
¹ɴ, Ӹ߿, /¶ĺ, ͸, һϸϸıƤµѪԼɼѪ»ص, ±һ, һĿʹꡣ
ҧסͷݽɿ, 꿿ϣƣ
糵ء
ʦᲦɢڳ𱡵ʪĺڷ
ú, üƽʱһһﶼ絶ͱˣʱȴʦ֣һһ㽫Ǹƽָѹü塣
ʱ㵽жۣ
ĵʡ
⣬ʦոһգʹ顣
ÿһĵײŵ˫нתһΣôʶò𰸣ֻԼȥҡ
ΪʲôҲܣ
ΪʹǿѰҵһڹĺۼһܹʹжжʹÿһ˿ڶڵ֤ݣһһһ񾭣άѡ
ֻܰΪĹ
ɾжжʹ
ʦ廹ǲ֪
Ψһ֪𰸵۽޵ʹ˯ȥʦ嶨ؿһָĺڷԼȥ
һǡ
ѩüҡ
ƽҲˮ칲

֡
ʫתͷ飺ˡ
š
ʫ϶ز²⣺ߣš
ʫ޿κΣǲֻš
Ψĵ˵ʵϣһֶ㡭ɽ󵽵ôģ
û취ҼҴʫۼֿذסͣͣͣǳϵˣҪʹܡ
Ψֱ˵ʹˣһܶͿˣŲţ
ǰҹһġֶյˡǰ˶ߣ޴ȥռŮֻʱͣڽϣǽǻֻ߸ɴֱӱס˫˯ˡֵݺȸ
ʫ;ΨҲڽֵߣΪ˲עĿһŮӵĳ
Ҳողɺܵÿ죬ûз֣ɽ̫ڳϵ󣬾ҪӴˡ
СʫȻһ࣬ˡ
Ψһǣס
ӹһϸ΢·𺣷΢طƬɲлȴûаӰΨ۾ûжʶֻ˫зֱ桭ֵڶ紩жԼ̰㾭Ӱ
һ



ϳǵĸϢȥ¥Ӱٵش¥뿪
һӰ뿪󣬾Ψۣתͷؿʫ
ʫļ򣺡ˡ
˻ص۳ϡ
ŻɽӺ̱Ȼ˯ÿˮˡʫƬ̣һһ˴ӹ۳϶ȥˡڵµĲϣһһײιȥ
ƽʱΨ϶ѾҪЦûЦ
о仰ܾˣΨ䣬ɽ󣬻ǲǵɽ󣿡
Һ˵ǣû취˵ǡʫתںзɡЦЦЦԳӦϡϸϡϳϡְһײôˣ⻹ֻǳסģʣµĲ֪ж١
˵ɣΨ£ôˣ
ʫҲ£֮ǰ϶Ҫʱҹ˵ڷ磬˽ҵĸϾʮλЩЩܽϧΪӦýЩˣһ̽ңһҲǳġ
дֽݸΨ
ʱ;òٵȥˣҪִŷֱĸ⡣ʫָ˵㡰ӦӸѾ׵˰ϡֱӵһֱź̫ݴһˡⲿֺͰߵҲܽ
ʣµأ
֡ʫƬ̣и²⣬˵
زˣʲô˵˵ģΨʡ
һɣӴǵģǰϲǺʮҲ졣ʫһǡġ
ǷˣΨѿڶӴģôң
޹޷ߣġ
ʮ޺ͺʮǵ֮أֹĺڰֹڤ֮࣬ΪġɣϺͰìôԹôã˫ǿ档Ĳͬ
зˣʿʮ޺ʮȫԶ
Բݣ
֪ӶĴŵͼ
ֽмȦһԲԲ˵ؼײƴһ½أʮޡȻԲ½زԶĵطһȦ죬ʮԲĸطһʯͷ˭Ҳ֪гǣ졣
ʣԲȦĵطȫͿڡ
ǾǴġ
ǻͼʱԲȦǺСռֽʮ֮һԲȦĺڰǺܴܴеĻ̿һְĺ룬ӴԲݺᡪǾڴתݵ
֪ȴʵģ
ܿܿɷʵǻһƬڰֻԳΪںڰȼһƬһ֦֦өۼһҹݵĽںһɻޣ֮ء
ɺڰޱߣʱҪƬòײȦϢ֮ɽ
һǳء
ԣ
米ѣѵĲɽ󣬻ʮ˼䡣
ɽˣôΨصʫʲôԵģ
ΪʲôңʫʣǶҷλ˿ڹͨΪһЩǮƱݲ˽ϱУǻʲôҵģ
ǰΪɽ󶥶ֻǳһ֦øˣû뵽ʼˡΨ̱
㻹ǵһ۵𣿡ʫʡ
ǵá
ŶԲʱɽ̫ڣʱ̫ʮŸɽġʱһЦǣ˵̫ôôһɵϡʫ˵ɴδؾͱɵϺá
밤𣿡
һɡʫЦЦҲ㣬ڿ䡣֪һֱʲô𣿡
ʲôô֪
룬ǲĺ˽ԽԽ˽ɽôӣʵҲܼ򵥡ģģͨľ㣬ȥʲôóԿʲôԸ׸ȥ;һǱһЩЩν˾ɳҸá
ΨĬã³仰ǧ֮Ѩ
ʫ֣ҪҲˮ׼Ҳһֶûˡ
Ψ˵תȥ
ž
ѪʫȧǴӿ˳Ψҵüأȴûж㡣˵ҾΨΪиһ١
˵𣿴˲ʫ˵
ΨЦջؽ͸öᡣ
ʫ׵ӵ̫ҡʱ̫нڼ󡪡Ҳ˵ȽԸûиɽĹʲôŴ£־ΨԺӻмݣͰȥˡ
˻࿴˳ۣҪʦѹţƷݶܱǲˡɷҪ˵ĻΨҲ˽ʫɧ֮һ
ʫӣ֪ԼˣҲϣǸƫôģҪʲô飬ȥԼǸ˴ܣ֪򲻹Ҫ
ھΨǡСһ֤ԼĴ󶼲ҳϣԣųңʲô
Ʋ
֪㿴ңʫЦЦҲԼ
ɣ㵽ںʲôΨ˵
һǰ죬ҾܾˡҺˡʫ˵漸֣һpǣֵɽ󶯸ɸֵ꣬ɽɣ࿹Ҳãһɽ󣬲ֵɽ򺣣᲻ǡp֮󣬺ܶ˵ĶԽԽˡ
ʫֽһۣһ
ֽڰȼգΪɻҡ
pǣҲɽֻأӦˬ
ͷڵͺ¿̫ˣ˵ͺ¿ĶתζΨ˵ˣʲôֱ˵
ҪѰ˵֦˵ĸһյ
ʫֱ۾
Ҫɽ򺣡
һһ䣬ײ
αװŮϻѪո߸һǱʱҲһΰʱ
ΨĬá
ʫЦЦΪ͵ģܵΪҵԼһû취׽飬Ҫ
йİΨ˵
û취ҲϾôϨ𡣡ʫվϵ治̫СʦҶΣϣһ顣
˹Ŀ࿴Ψڿࡣ
ܲҶѶûСЩӣ͹Բˡʫ
һǲ㡣
ΨվŽҪ¹۳
Ұ㡣
ʫЦЦһСʦɣ͵ˡ
Ψסһüһڵ󾻾
ûһ£ѹһҵϡ˵ǺôŵɣڵסҲôġˣûʸ˵ҼСҲû취ʫ¶ͷ۵ɫһģն
Ψҡҡͷӻ
Ψû취
ʫȻ
׷ʣΨѾ̤Ų麣棬ˡ

ľͷ¸
ʦ΢ͷֳ𱡵ƴմһѪ޵ýƻʶȥһ
ָѹʱ򣬳𱡵ƺȻۡ


55 һһ
𱡵βܳȻ, ʱеƽʱڲѹ񡣿һ, ۽΢մϸᣬβ죬ͫһˮɫǵ˲޵ùǡ
ʦ㶵ӣƿָʶذһ¡

𱡵Ʋһſ, ҧסָڡ
ʦⶸȻȡ
ָǱݷһƤⲻ᲻صҧסָʪ⻺¹ȴָת˲̹񾭣·һ𱡵ɿڣ̽, ԼϵһѪȥ
ʲôأЦЦؿʦ壬ô
ʦ岻ش
𱡵Ҳ, Źֵסں棬ʦˮУ𱡵ʵ, , ˽ܲɷ, еʲôӦϸ΢̲ܲסбؿʦ, ʦֻʵƿĿ⡣
΢۽ޣ򾲡
Ҫǳ𱡵ƻ, ˡ
ſ
𱡵üײ, û
ʦƲ, ɿ֣һ, 𱡵ˡȵ뿪ʱ΢ĺ˼ճķ϶ʦһЩͬʱָʧ䡣
һϲµա
¿Ҫȫ뿪ʱܵ
𱡵Ʊץס󣬲òͷ
˫ɫ۾ӣصӳӰӣ԰׿Լ˵ãȻɫŻеίոʱ򣬲ǻͦģί˭
𱡵Ťͷӹ䦿ɫѪ΢΢һ١
ǵġ
𱡵һһסһְһû˵ļͷϣѵˮĴ
Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬺ױ˿סˡ
Ҫ˵ͱסˣϢߡ𱡵Ʊֳۣܵ۽۽ǵ糺ԽȾԽ߳ɫ/һߣӯӯ׹ʦſĴüۣȥ۽ǱƳˮ⣬·Ҫᶼȥ
Ӵ˲౯
ˣ㣿
𱡵Ҫϴʱ򣬰סļ΢Ϣ
ҧ᲻ɿڡ
˵ˮͷʦƣ밾ȥ
ȥˮˮẮǡ
ҪˮľͷҪ˼ķֽߣҪ¸߸裬һյøɸɾȻϢسס
ʲô˶ẦҲʲô¡
𱡵ưסֶסˡ
á
š
ûз
ԤڵִʱȻ֡
û󺣵һ˲䣬ڰǵضȻԼˣק׹ǵúԶܺ˵̸ЦȴһôҲײƵ͸Ϻبм䡣
ڴӵȻһ
Ҫˡ
û˾ȵ
ϵƽµظһ߹֣һ̤¥ֵĵطһһԼڣһһҾƣһһȴʲôӦûС
ڴжˣӹͷ궼ġ
ʹɣҸɡ
½ںͬ̽ͷ̽ԣǽЦţ辡ˣɢˣȼˣ͸ðԼû̵ĵطˡǲİ¥ô顶ȸ̨ǻǻ
ڵȡ
һ˵ˣס
Ͻֹ
֪Ǹ˻᲻Ҳ֪Ǹܸܲϵɽ긴һؿȴδһֱڡ
Ѿһ˿ϣˡ
סˡ
𱡵˵
ʦһЩŹֵĶ
ס𱡵ƵļԼͷ𱡵Ƶ·ֻȷվǰ˲һӰ𱡵ƸоסԼָ΢ڿ־壬ں¡
ԥһᡣ
𱡵̧֣ػرס
ҹҲˮ

һһȥʯɳ̲ϡ
Ψ̤ڲ麣еĹµԶԶؾͿΨһһСľббصڵϣݶ֪ȥˡ
̫ѨһΨӶ
ӣӣ嵽ķݱߣһӣľשͷɨһȥû
㶼ûô¯ƬΡΡһ֧ݵ֣顱һڵϣְݵ칤Լӷ˳޵º̿ӵģӻǵҹ
˭˭Ļһء
ΨʮغˣŵĶʱЦ
ǻ룿칤üۣӾǸһ͸٣²ӽˮˡ
˰㡣Ψתϸһ£ٶΣҾ͵øײˡ
ֻ鰵ɫĽ칤󣬳һƤ͹󱳶Ͱ͵ģ·ѪҪˡ칤ְѾΨ˺һһסƤ⡣
ˡ
˵һϻӸΨ
Ψסһľϼһ湻Ǯġ
һһ⻬˳
̫һ¹¾ˮΨתԲ࿴ܹԼܵİڽУһһأˮƣȻɡ
Ʋˣ칤ڲϣ˸̸˳˲રવس⣬Ȼ⿪ΣþСˡҸ˵ƽȥ
Ψһ㶣㡭
̫ˣ칤Цһû󷽵Լ˸ơ
ôΨ˵һֹסˡ
˸ۣⷴӦҲ֪˭ġ칤鵽ںڻң˾̶ֻڶһãȻҾͲ˷ѿˮˡʮƽʲôʱ򻹣
ʮôȥ
ΨһЩһͷԲл
칤һۣ֪ɣͷҿ׳𣿡һֻƣƽҶ԰ˣ㻹ӹ󣿡

Ψ̫һ΢΢
ɴйͷˣ
һʮ򡭡̫˿ڴǮɣ
칤صһͷֵǮӸйӡ
ҪҪΨȥҪˣûǮ
ҾûָܻǮ칤̶һæǷһʹٰͽܴѵ
һģôھһæ˵һʵγܲز֪ټµȥаɡΨժ«һżѾȹˣ޿κεط֣˵ðѾһ׮̫ڡ
ҵĻ򵥡칤ҪɱһһŵԼɱ㵽ʱ֡
˭
лԶ
Ψһ٣칤ˣ
һͽңǧ꣬ˡ칤˿̶ٳ⡣
ҵˣ
Щ꣬Լлʹĺۼѳ칤󣬾˴ġ㣬ͣΪʹҲǳ¡칤ͷ޵ʹԳơϷҾûˣӦ
ΨĬƬ̣м¸ø㡣
˵
ɽ˺ʹĽӴʫڲ¡Ψ̫һ/Уվ׮һ׮ˣôãҪԽԽˣˣǵðͽܴѵ
ιΨҪߣ칤ͺסСû
ôˣ
Сô칤ԥʡ
УӳϢΨһ£ù֣һҲ񣬿ŲͽܣҾУȻǶҹǮ
һ̰īǼǵǮ칤ûƬ̣ҡҡͷٿ롣
ĥߴΨЦɣͽܣҿĿȥ
㲻Ҫȥ̫ҵڣ߿ߡ
칤ظˡ
һϣΨˡ
ˡʱȥˣʮʮӡӣоû

Ⱦơ
𱡵ƻصϣڲ£ȹľ̳һߣط˸ֱۣϡ
𱡵ƲͷʦС۲󣬸պ˲ɣһͻһˡ
߰ɣûȥˡ
ʦĬ
ߣ𱡵ưͷת˻ȥϵľƣ˽


56 ߡ
ʦתͷ
𱡵Ʊ, ¹ķҺͼͷһˮߡĿģֲǿЦ档, ԶԼ뷨ٵ˵ˮ£л
û취£¶Ҳϡ
롣
ʦûȥ£ش
𱡵һһ㻮ľƵָһ١
ȥϽȥ, ȥһԶԶĳǡʦ˵¹Ƭֱ治¹һЩһЩҲ棬ȥĺǡ
һֱյˡ
ֱ, Ӳƣ÷пһ, ˮǾֱֱЩ׾ĳЩʱȴֻᾫ׼þˡ
ߡ
ƽسһʵ
Ҳ֪ԸԸ, ߡ
Ưں, ˮ΢΢, ƮӰ, ·һƬҶ𱡵һһָ׻ϵľ֣СʱһȦһȦʱ䡣ʦû˵, еԲ¡
˵˵Ͻɡ
𱡵Ƶָͣһľ֡
ʦһ˲ΪԼˡ
, Ҳ, Ŀþõڳ𱡵Ʊϣͼֵ˼
ɳ𱡵ƾ˵, ˼ѣʲô鶼
ʲô
²𱡵Ƶ˼𱡵ȴûͷҲ֪ʲô
ɽˮĻ˭ȥ
Ͻ
ʦȻִ
ϽϽʲôӣ
ʦһʶôѻش
ҪʲôﹴʲôɫʣʲôƬصֱ̹续裿
Ͻ·壬ǧ𣬡ʦ֯ԣߵɽɽɽĲˮʯᱻٴϳ£Ϳ̶ˮĥʱԼĪ߳ۼ̶棬¹ɴһ𡭡
ŬӼ϶Ͻ
ʫ˸ɽˮΪɽֻɽˮҲֻˮҪʦԼ˵ˮֻǲˮҲѣĺǳĺ¹Ҳɴ
Ͻһǧ꣬ϽҲֻǸطѡ
μǲ񰡣𱡵˵ʵС
ʦһ£ָףããʧ䡭ɽˮǱ˵ģʵûʲôϵˮʯ͸УٽԱҲǸɰͰ͵ġ
Ͻ
ϽĵֻǸȴˮĵط
ણݼš
ô˵Ļǡɽˮ˰ɣ
ʦʧǡ
ǹҿƣҿҪġƹ꣬׳Ϲ꣬Źһǧꡭ𱡵ԼֱۣҼꣿ
𱡵Ƶˡ
ɣܹҶá
ƣӿ𱡵һʦ彲һ߽˯
ʵû½ôϲ顣
ֻ˯ʱȴ˯ŵһʱ䣬ܾȥԣÿ϶ῴһһ߰飬ҪôǿĵĲ¼ԽɬԽãЧѡҪôμǣĳطôôϣĵ㻶衣
ʦ˵ľģֻʣһ̫ѩˮ･нԶ
𱡵Ƶ۽һ㴹£ذ׵ļϸǳӰ
˯ˡ
½ƫƣڹбߡ
ʦ彲һԼǵõμǣעڴӰ˯ĳ𱡵ơ
˯źʶ΢΢壬͸£ݵɽ
ұ̣ҷɻԼľףʢʵϲãѩࡣʦõͲţ㻹ңȥ֪ﶼǵϲŭ
ʦƿ𱡵Ƶ֣Լֱϡ
ƭҡ
һ˵ʱ򣬷ɻֻǷɻѩֻǳѩԼҲࡣĴҲֻǴţûϲŭûб
þõעӳ𱡵Ƶĺ󱳣ɫƽ·°ӿ
ˮ棬ɽʵ˵͸ģ
˵ĻҶţ㲻ƭҡ
ԣҪһȥˮһȥȺۣһȥ˵һС
ʦ
ô಻֪/Ѽӿħ˻𡭡ιס飬ӴҲ֣ӴӰΡ
Ժƭˡ
ʦ˱ۣѹЩᲦɢڳ𱡵ĺڷ˳ͷۣó𱡵˯øһЩʦ⿪ɫѳ𱡵ĺԼš
͸߹ǺѪ⣬Ƿܸܵһ
ʦۣ˯ȥ
ɴϣǵͷɢһ𣬺±£סֻ¶Щ϶

һһӰӶںߣ׳ʯ
ҹޡȻҹޣһһ̳һ᳤ʯŭþ춯أҪСӣңҪ
ȥ˵ʱȥˣʮʮӡ˭Ҫȥȥû㣬ӵľƶȹ˴롭칤ȻѣǳûƵİɣ
á
Ψ˸ʱ˵ľá
칤̣̳ʮ̳䱾ơ̳Ρһ̳ʮ䱾һ̳
Ψһ¡
϶¾̳Ҿ̫һ칤ļ򣺡칤ͽ˻ʹһ£¹شҾͲﵢˡȻϳǵһ£һϢ֪ͨ㣬ǣ
δ䣬Ѿ糱һûӰ
Ψǧϻͷ
칤ֵط̡
ҡҡλεվһûע⣬ȵΨҶľ̳ӣʱ¡¡ˣع½ʯ
칤Ӻʱһ߽ڶʡĨ˰ִ۾չԶѸƳһƬ̽ƣ沨ԣâꡣ
ˡ
ˡˡ
Ĵϳǵķ˺ͷһҹлѡ
ճˡ
𱡵ź˫ͷ̤ĺˮ
ʦУķڽ衣һӹƵĺ棬һõˮۡ
𱡵䲻һ֣˴ʦգˣ
ʦץסָ˵
μǲֵ˭𱡵üүֲûᣬҿƾͺúòװҲûãӿΡ˵˭ʱûɣ
ʦѹ£ûʲô̽ɢ½󳶺ã¶СڵʵʵָɴذѺҲߣѴӽʵʵϵá
Ͳᡣ
û
񡰽
¥⣬ϿһЩûΪͨˣǵ۾֣𱡵ת¥и޴ڡ֪Ϊʲô
档
ϳѹת̫ڹĵԽԽߣڹĵﵤԱӳǽڹĵﻺ򿪡
ɱǸˡ
𱡵ƵͫһƬ䡣
ʦԱߣ糵ϥϣ˵˸á֡
ʲô˵ã𱡵ƲɱŻ𣿡
ţʦһ£ɱ˷Ż
е㷸˰
𱡵ƵһСƬ˻ˮл䡣
һ׷ˮɳ档
־˵ϾӺΪԺΪԹΪšʱһ۾êСţƵĵǧǧ𡣡𱡵չһЦߣȥ۳


57 ۰
, 硣
𱡵ְסʦļʾСͣ¡
ԶԶ, ˮϣһŰʯʳʮɣޣ
ˮӿʯΪֽ, ˮĪ⣬ʱпܾκˣڲˮȻۺʱƽ˾, ·ϳĬĸ֣չ˫, ǧ۴ı䡣
ǽĺϣǺϵճϢ
ˡˡˡ
Ķת
̫
ſ
һ˸߸, ǧͣ

êص, ƺƵӭ, ԼɼĻƷ, ϼǵļƳͭɫˮɻһƬת, ǼȻֱ, êƺ, 𴮴ˮ
ˣ
תǽȻ
񲦾, ҡģ۴ӿдֻһˣ˽һϽϵӹ˵ĩˣڽڱϷ˰
ɸͣڷɾ[1]
𱡵ӯվ𣬳ڴͷתչۣĵ䣬ӿ޵졣
۰ơ
ıָոһ룬һڲ麣һƬԻ͡۴ӽʻɢ·յֽƣĻ𣬱˷Ҫ˼ȼ
ϲãȻʦ˵𣿡
𱡵ƶЦЦ˵ԣҲ˵
ֵݸʦ塣
ʦץס𣬲վͷ
̫뺣档
Ⱥ۽ɢСۣҡĺ浴ǧǧˮۣˮһؽһصصһһײ顣ϴһ߳Ÿݣһ߳ԶġɽҥСһҡ֣һ߳Ĺﳪɵ
ĸϣа̤ĸ˳
ĸϣаɹ
ĸϣʱ

תҥ
ϸĲ麣ֽ㣬һֻճʱ򸡵ϣϵ񽫳һĽ㡯𱡵չʾΪ竣ڳԺַרҵƣСϸ룬ζϸߣȥ㡣
²һʱӣҪһҡ֡
ҡ£ۺܸӵء
ںԭת˸Ȧ
ӣҡඣҪһ㣬һ±̫ǆһеÿ崬Ա߾ƶңɹڷЦǺǵָ£ϣô֣ॸټඣ
𱡵¡
ݡ
ббֱ崬ȥˡ
вУһŸݣС崬ɱܿҡͷҵǸ
ʦմͷԺЦһ

𱡵ưѽһҧгݣ򲻵Ľ㣬͸һҿɡ
š
ʦһҡ֣СӳʻԵĺ档
ʲôţǰЦһհ
𱡵ĥĥ뿴ֱһബϣӵѶȡ
˻ᡣ
𱡵ĬĬͷ
ʦļ۶ûκӰ졭
ȻΪʲôҪ˷ǸίԼڲϤĵط
ڴ̤һˮ𱡵˸磬ʼһûһµŰ״̳̳ˣóռţҨС̳ˮȥ̳ˡɽҥ
кôѣ
ôѣһһ
ɽɽô߼ӣ
ɽôӣһӸ辡һߡ

ǰЯͷɽĻȻȴһٲ֪ߵغΪĵ·׺ĻΪоƣɽĻΪӡ
µİ·ֻһӰ
֮Ȳʡ
Ҷɹ׷תͷѰҳ˭
ֻϧʦ羪Ӱ˸תͷȥֻܿϵһˮˡ
ѹų˵˭
ʱǲ麣ϵġС
ÿϣǽ֮ϵǲἱųԶǻڳǽ粻ԶһƬǳɫﺣˮů㣬Ⱥ໹ʮֿɹۡѭǧĹÿһֻһ㱻յĻʡе̷֪ˣһЩľСۣ洬дϼߣ߼ϸƹݲ¥֮Ϊ¡
Ϻýϡ߳
Ѱ¡
Ҳ㣡

ߺȣ̷ޡ
òζնɧ͵ʫˣ׷ü۸ޱȣơһһ𡱣ʵʶÿÿ洬㣬һɳض̷ӵྺۡ
еǣɤߵͣ۾ơ
½󲻽ۺ񣬻ǸˮϺ֣ƽءɹһβϵĽ㣬ܻĽкãصϳҲǲС̸ʡ
˿̷̣ӵһСԣΪһһһĽࡣ
һǧ
һǧ

Ѿ̹ʵҲųԶĺ׷ͣڸ֡
̵СߣǸָߵëͷСӣƽʱ˵Щһľֱ֡ûʲôۣǵһԸݴ㣬ôЩ̷̧ۡ
һβų߽㣬ǧļۣ͸βһһ
ֻǽ̷һ۸СһҲ֪ôģϼӼ̫ࡣ
һǧˣٸ߾ûˡһ̷߸߾֣ңҲ¾ѹۣƽʱȥģˮѺˬľƸ¥˴롣ӣǮһβĵ겻ඣȥ֪ܲء
Сšüһԡ
ڴϣټһ㣬֪ʲô
ǧ
һ룬ָ
̷üͷйǣһʱûټӼۡ
ҿֵҡҡͷź̾Ϣ
ű󸹣վڴ׿ˣм֡գɽС־á
ǧ
һش
ЦһŤͷȥͼ֪ʲôʱܼŵ崬֪ΪξͷֳƵϡտˮһҶ۲ͣŴǸɫ԰׵ӣźͷ
˵ıǵͷԹŸ̳ꡣ
ιɣĪҪϹۡ
һѰ˼û˵ĸֶǧƽŹϵӻûںУٵ׵ضپԴ˵
Ͻؼȥ㰢Ҫඡ
˽Ц
Ҫǳأһ°ͣЦ̧ͷ/θô
һ̧ͷϼƺݹⰵһ˲
һֱƲС߿ôˡ
˵ôζЦ
СߡᡱŽĵվǰһݣҪǮ͡㡣


58 ˼̻
ޣС߰, ˼˰һִЦ
ã󷽣ˬһһĽ˵;͡
ˣˣ

ЦһƬ, ǰۻҪϼ֡
Ǻ峪ɵϣΣϣҪҪһ߳һýôϣ
šߵһַס
һȺˣϴ˱Ī⣬һϿ񳱼, Ǹȥ޻ءʱ۾ĺʱ˭ܻ˭ز͵ÿ컯ˣһ, ϺŤ׺ӡƽʱ, ҵĶŮһۿ˭ͰԼ򵽵õʵ㵱ȥ͸Ǹˡ
Ǿͻʱһڡɵ
ˣ, ֱӴԭȵɵĴ, Ӵ˴ӡǳġɵͳ˼֤´Ե, ͻѶ㵱, ָˣлǣŴߡ
Ҫû, Ҳûʲô, 󷽵سԸܾˡ
ȥ, ޾ô򵥡
͵ԽϡԽҶɵıǡ֮Իô, ΪС߾ȻýһβһһĽóš
δа
Խ̷֣Խš
֪ǺǵϰףƯһſھǧƽҪóݿ϶ͬѰҪǸ˼Ҳϰף裬ˣֻ߻ͷ¡
鷳ɾʹˣ
ףҲÿ˼費Ҫֲס
ٳϳʿϴ򽻵˶˰Ѻ
ϰ
ܵӲ̣Ưһ̧ͷһ˼üȣһ㣡˳ǸӸ硱ʱֻԼ컵¡Ѱ˼ţô/αȽ棬Сʯ쾪һ仰
˳Сδ˵뵽ԼҲĶӣҧҧ㼷ǰһƺСϣϹʲôأүһ㣿Ͻⲻǣ
СŲӣŤͷһ˸ں죬ְǰ˵ݣŴһ㣡
ֱСӻ룬ϽŤͷһλ
ιءŤͷϵһЦ˵㹻ΣҪҪ
ԭŰ
¡
ϵʵôáϾ˭Ҳ֪һʲôʱˡַֺϺϣһһٳ⡰šҲڵŮʵҪаˣǾͽСš
õĸˣԼûס
˵黰ᳪ裬㣬˺áʲôʲô˼ƾɶ
ƯӲգЦø֣һЩҲ˽
ʦսֵյһԭԽøȫǷǧһϧŷɥֳʧȥøˡ
һýôϣɤų崬ʦ󺰣аһŹײ˾Ҫඣ˼ԸãҪ˰
ϺǿӣȥĴһʶЦĶ̣һЦһ߳ʦ庰ģ˼ҵķθ֮԰
Ǿǣ
𱡵Цöᡣ
˵ҲˣѹͲܴʦϿʲô飬ɳ𱡵ȴۼسĶˡ
ġ
ʦ岻˵
һ㣬Ҷ⼸֮Ժ֮˹ȥݡΧʱкһƬϵ񲻶ҲϵʲôſɣݵһֺôϰһˮԣǱ¡
Ҳ֪ǲʦģˮ϶ݺύƫƫҪСߵĴǰƽв
ʦƳСһۡ
۾ɫһӶ·谵гпһĨ⡣
Сʶغһ
һְ
Žૡ
˵أ۾ʹǰʦһӣϵˡ缱ֱǳɫȥˡ
ߣȥ
ҺѣԶԶظϡ
ʮյĺĪ⣬һ֮ڷ˶ʱܴʮΡ⻹ɽľֻ򺣵£֮ǰѹһƬŭ˿ڰٲһö֮һһŪ֡
ֻǽṲ̄˹ߵȻ˭Ҳϲλİӡ
˫ľ뱻ԽԽԶ
ߵԶԶسţֻԷǳɫ룬Ҳûôģ㵱չһԲʱ̫ոպ뺣һеĵطԶһ·̫˽ȥ
͵ؽ˺档
£һ̫Ѥá
һǰδĴ㣡
ţ˾̾⻹𣿣
˲䣬ֻԼǿһƬչԾһƬڽڷڣһһĽǰʱһС硭ɫĴڰתһȦγһԲһֲӲӵ̫
һ˦βһƬˡ
˺ƯӳıǰС红ͯߣʱҪ㸲
˵ľУɿε
һ糺ڽն䡣
䡪
غ档
ɲֹ
նɱˮһǳɡһͨɷĪú󲱾һһʱ˶˺Ȳʡþ֮źؿǱѣҽڡ
ףȲΡ
ãã
С߶ڴкá
ԶƯ֡
˲նյУ˾磬λȴʼͷŲ硭·ƯӴһʼܹһβǰδеĴ㣬֮նɱһʼʧ֡
ŸݾСߣǺһЦļ򣺡С߰Ŵһʼû
СͷɵЦˡ
Ҳû̫⡣
ţ
£ຣм䡣
˴ӺвĽֹʮ֮Զ۵ʱѾ𺳣ԽˡѣףԺСһֻסͷҲ֪ôӺġ
Ҳû˲׽㣬Ƕʮһ
ڣһһһɲǡ
²ǽ
ḻ񻮴һȦ̾
𱡵ƺһɤӣӸ磬ôһ㣬÷ְ
Ҫôʲô𱡵Ʒʣô
ýˣҲŷ֣ոộλƯһˮû䵽
ز˭֪λΪˣ
ƽʱͨ˺ʿɷб𡱣ƯЦҲĬһ㣬Ȩǲ˼һЦĹ͡
塣
𱡵Ƹʦ赶
ʦҡͷžͺá
ǰЦͱͱüŪۣ˼˼ҿɲ㣬֪ôˡ
صһۣĩԼЦˣڴֱҡͷ
ʦ̤ź棬һܣ糵ӣƬһƬƬ޵Ļ׼ȵ䵽ÿһšĴϡһնɱ糵Ҳʲôʧ
ʦӵ⣬ҽҲ
ʦ彫ͷϲµ˺
ι㡣
һֽͬһƬǵݸ
⣬û֮ǰҪãȻܿ͸ˡ
ʦʶػͷ𱡵ơ
Աߵ̲סЦ
ǰ˻ӵն㣬˵Խӽеû뵽бܵôϵһ桭ʱ׽࣬ҳ⣺ʲô̫ʲô𱻹̫ġ
𱡵ȴ֪ΪʲôɣΪʲôͷ
ţһ˼̻ô
𱡵ƽ˫£ӣ˵ֻЦ
ʦһᣬӹֽǣصлֽãһƬǻصϡ
ιǣ
ȺԴС߰һ̳ӸǣһЦ¶Ž׵ݣȻŴԶˡ



Χ˽˷׷׽һһǴ϶ȥתۼ䣬Ӱ˵Ķʲô̵ɺʲô¿ڴѳСɽ
߿ߡ
ԭЦĳ𱡵һѶ֣ߴ١
Сӡ´õ㣡
ɤӺ
õ㣬õľƣӴõĿˡ𱡵ͷҲأֻңңػ˻֣ʾԼˡ
ĺ˰Ҫ֡

䱳ɽվسǣǸƣϡ
ֱϾУߵһҹ߻ƺû̫ۼ֮󣬽˺ܿؾͽܷɽǸ޲ˣֻһЩطһЩδüɾĽҡ
һ۵Ļ¥˶
ƣֱƣ˻ŭٸΪ΢Ҳˣһ˻죬ɽտԣ
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ϷظڶӦϵ˱衣
ϷЦЦӦϣһ²⣬һ֮ѵΪߵ˵𣿡
Ӧҡҡͷغһңʲô
ңɽģλϰϷλزǣԹΪȴҾٹ⡭δ̫ɽԭһҵɽ󣿡
תյ⣺ûǴĻٹãֵȥز˰ɣ
ӦϳĬ
ոձֳǰ㱩ŭ
Ӵ̫ϣϷһСľϻŵ棬̫Լֻ߹ôܸҪأ
Ӧ㣬ӦϽߴľϻƿϷ۾ҲҲ˴ĵ߹𣿡
ǰ䣬Ϊʲôѡͼģһţ˭ɵģ
ϷɫէһǳƺҲЦ⣬ȴúܼ٣·Ǳ󻹲һƬС
ӦϾþò
ȲǡϷЦЦһöһϢ
֪ʲôӦڿڡ
Ϻٶʮġšֻа˸ϷЦֻҪһλþ͹ˡ
ᵽšʱӦɫһ䣺˭㺣ŵģ
ֻҪ㹻ļǮ¶õⲻɽ˵Ļ𣿡Ϸʣ漴ЦӦҲฺ̫һѣӰ첻磬ھ΢һЩССˡͲϳǽ¡ʧ𣿡
Ӧɫá
Ϸƺٶ˵ַһľϻӦϣҪ֪ɽ֪λõģֹһ
΢䡣
Ӧü󻺻˵һλ
Ϸľϻôļ롣
ӦûٿľϻУѸת뿪ƺһҲ
Ϸ׺ķ
һ٣ȷֻھһЩССˣϳǽͲǡϳµľȴͣųɰǧۡǧķ˾֮ϣ·ߵСȺ
ʥʥʹ£ұߣ㵱ڶ֮ǰ
Ϸת豭
ˮӿ£ڲ輸ϵ顣
ϧһʼǸЦ
ϷϴЦ
ѾܹӲ׺ɣˣôƵĺķˣ


59 û
ﾲ, 밵
𱡵βָһϸϵǿ鷽ֽõĽ⡣߶, ֽһһεģӹߣϺֽγһƬϼů̡
ʦ岻֪˽Ųں󷽣һָ졭𣬰³𱡵ҧָڡ
𱡵ƺȻͷ
ʦִƿߣ򶨵ƽǰ
˵Դ, Ψһױ¶˼Ķպñţǹѧԭ
ôá
𱡵תߣӡ
ʲôأ

𱡵ƶһ, ˫ɫ۾ֹˮ󣬳𱡵ƺЦһ, ֽӵŤͷߡ
Ų
ӳ֣û⣿𱡵Ʋȥߵ, ָԺ, ҿɲߵ, ľðһ˴ɱɱ
ȥϸ¥һԵʦڴˡ
ӵͼɱ, һҹûһҲаǧ
šǲϵҡ
֮⣬ǼĻˡ
𱡵Ʋһۡ
ֲ, ôһͽ, רһݡһҹ¡ҼͳƱ, ˺üΣûϳҲ, ôഫ˵ûʲôؼʾһһѵʲô֪
ᣬʮ֮󣬶еͶʱ¡
ǸͶմ˵Ĺ⡣
𱡵Ƴ˼Ƭ̡
ģ̫࣬ڻѵǷ˿ЧӦ
ʦӰƹ貵̨һһȺִħֵĺӾŵƷҡΣ˻ߵغ尢壬ұģȻһġһΡ
𱡵ûסЦ
ʦһãȻؿ
尢壬ұģ
𱡵תǰһû룬ȥˡ
вУҪ߲ˣ
סʦļЦǰϣһ°Ϳĵʦļιǣʱϡһһ
ʦ巴Ӧ죬һס˻
ȳ𱡵ƸһЩסȵĺϸɳ㣬ؿڣ·̡𱡵Ʊݣָµϸþˡ֪ǲһֻ־ͻùʦ屾ܵսڡ
䲻ײһ¡
𱡵ͷޱؿû
ʦĶ˲
أѧԭȲˡ
𱡵һĵ֡
ڵתߡ
ʦ庱ȣԶظš
ܳǽȴôߣǽ϶Щ̦бգһǰһӰӵһһͶڵһͶǽϡʦͷӰߣ߹̦۰߲Ļǽ·һ߹ˮ䣬̦̦ĬĬ¡
һֱôȥҲûʲôá
𱡵ͣ½Ų
ôˣʦʡ
𱡵ûʲôתͷסģ

һ־ȷ磬һš˸ţڵ߿š


½Ÿ̳ӣڵϣһһߴ˯ø湫ӡûаϸ𣬰ϹŻ㲻
յԱߵϣۡ
õѩֽøĨһĲɽʯīɺԣһȵϺըøβƵġȻֽϱ֮ҹֻʮһ֣ǣ鶨
½ʮһģ
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ǻΣǺþƺ⣬Ҫ๤˳
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ûдǹôʲôۣڿ˭ۺ𣿣ϣҾͲˣң߰ɿ߰ɡһҹ½ĵһͷһ

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һԼ޻ţյ½Դߣ

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½ס䣬Ҳѹ赲Դֱײ
ͣͣͣ
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ᣬ
½һ㶣ôֶġ·½ֺУƽȥľǲ¥ƹߣܱס֣ƺ񡭡񶼲ʲô
ѽǲǾе죬ĵؽͣͶˣǸ˼дˡʮ绨ļһ̼ǵõ꣬۴ʮ޺˼زѵһֱϰһֱϡ
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绪һɫŮӣֻأĺˮĺһ𡣲ҵǣĪĪϾһһңһըٳٿʮ绨˹պǻĪƹضǵȣʮƽһԣѡ˼λø˹Ȼɱǣһ߿š
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½ʮһ½ĺҾгΪһӵǱ½򣬡ǲǴһ

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԰ô̫ʲôС·ǧǧ̫һռһ롭ӻʲôʲôʲôֺôˣǸóһԲϣὣɽ
˵ҵͷǵðɣү޸ĸ
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Ϊүһ˻ģԱ߻ĳλȻÿ˵ļһ
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½˻ߵش󺰡
ؿų𱡵ƺͺһ߽ؿŷűϣؿⱻ⡭

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½档

𱡵ƫͷʦһۣûʲô飬ƮƮذֶ˳
ʦ塣


60 ֱ
ԭǡ
һ˼ڱٳûüĸֽ, һ߰½ʮһӦٶۣһ߱ܵضЦ, ʶع˱黰ү˵˭ţŶŶŶʦ尡ȵȣ
˭
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ҵ׷һ, һݸ԰׵ˡ
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Ȼ½˽³ڿڱߵһ˾һ, ûаԴߣʱΪʲô½Сддħ˰, ֱһడ
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ţҹ¥콾ſˣñףҹѲ߶ʦʦ㳹ҹ
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㼸λǣ¦Ըȥɳүɵ񡪡Ҫɽȫ¼ǱλפɽʦʦʦʦǣҲֵʰ̯ӵζˡ
¦غһʵĿ׼žΥ죬޵Ͷ޵ȥ
һ˵һȷˡ
ɽ۵¼Ǳͺ̺𱡵ƻһֵĸʽҪ
¦֪𱡵Ƶ׷ʲô콫pǵ¼Ǳ֮󣬳𱡵Լֻһšͼһ˲ѿ
˵֣λ̫СʦëһһģЦŭûûΣԼԼһĪİС
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ҵˣɺˣӯƶɮתͷˣ
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С㣬ӲԵġ
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㿴˺ظɺнͣСǳɹ㵽·𣿡
ɺз˸ۣһٶε·Ҳ˼˵Լ㣿
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ɺֱӲһץס¦ӷգ¦ʩ֪ʩںδɷƶɮȥ

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ɺдüĿׯ˿
ȥ̨ˡаɣҴǹȥ
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!
һ֣֡
Դ֮࣡ȥǣ
¦˵Եͦ׼Сʦ桢½ӺٸǿɲһһĻħô
ɺȻҲô룬˾Ҫߡ
һѱס˲֣ңһԿ϶ûȥȥСʮа˾Ҫ̤ϲ·
㵱Լߵʲô;߿ߣ


̨ʵһϵʯ̨ԼĪɣ¥Ϊ᾵ĺҡ뺣ܽպ̨ܴ׹ϸʯӿ̨γһС̶պȡˮϴ
ƺشӣĵҪһʲôɽ亣ζ
½Ķܲܳɡ
һ½һڰϸ
·£ǸŸģȥȥ㣡̣ԼͶɹæ˸͸
½ͣվһĬĬת˻
㡭
½ʹȻһָߣĵ˵ҾáһǰӰɡ
һͷˮ̧һ򣬺ȻҲ֨ˡ
ʯ̨Ǳߡ
𱡵ţʦվš𱡵ƾһ֪ͣ˵˾ʲôʦ͸ȥס
͵ذͷŤ˻𾪵ؿ½ÿʣ
ڸ


61 ĺ
ιϹ, ǲ̫ҵıСʦ𣿡ְݵ칤ƵģŶƶ, һͭϸܴǰԱߵľǸҹ޵λզţСʦҪˣܹܣ
ʲô
һ߲ľΨһæչһͭܡ
͸ͭܵСףԶ̨龰£쾧ʯϣ½̨෽, ר־оһϸƬǰ߲Զĵط𱡵ƻס
ӾΨǶȣֻǵĲصһ
֨
ͭϸܷظ
칤һѽԼĿ쾵һǧ㻵ⶼⲻ𣡡
컯֮, ȻȻΨŭ塣
칤ֻļ򣬡Сڴε, Ƥαȥʲôأ
ƨࣿͺȾơ
Ψȹ׻ڡ
˶磬ڲ麣һƬʯȺԶһϺ, ˴, صжֻ䶼һһϷƽ˾, Ψֵ칤, ÿ쾵ĴҳƳ̨ܵϵļһ
Сʲôͷ칤, ȻֻǶƿڴ, ǳȥ򲻹
Ψһۣĺĺ
۰ɣ칤̶ڽʯϹ˹, ΢΢۾, ópɰ˵ۣһǵһμϹ̫ô꣬صܣٰ
֪ܣʵľͱʡΨɫ䡣
칤ҡҡͷ˿̣ˣ㲻˵Ҳʡȷ̽ţ
ȷ
ȷҿô̫칤Ǻһ̡
ʫǱߵϢӦӽϳһɽ󡣡Ψ΢΢ۣϾųǣϺλðһһβ뻻ŵˡϻĻʹϷ칤ͽлԶƾϵĳɾͣҪʲôԲŹŴ󡣡
лԶ֣칤ɫȻſ쾵ֱ֣
ˣôһҪ˵ӣΨļ򣬡һǧƽأܼҲôܵġҲ֪᲻غţ˳æжһô
ʫСӺɵĻ
ǰΨ̾һһ鷳쾵ãҵöŵСӡ

̨
˦͵ʱ򣬳𱡵ư߷̫ˣ߲СĲϣϸŽ£ԽԽòʦվ󣬸⿪ӱԶ˻סʵʲôû
ֱŪϺˣ
𱡵ư֣ʦߡ
á
ʦ޳ָϸߣѩ˿ݽ𱡵ѩļһ߲𱡵ƵƲ࣬ϸһСߵ˳߸һɣɢڳ𱡵ϣ׾ٵظ
⿪ˡ
Ҫ֣΢΢һ١
ǳϸڳ𱡵ϣ·ѩεĺߡ
ԭҪ뿪ָǹǼۣ΢˵ذСλڳ𱡵ϵĲ˿ƹ˵֡
ʩ
ԶԶشһϲص
ר־оϸܵ½һˣһס·ɱĲɺеĲӡ
ɺΪԶȻûܶһ
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ɺһ߷֣һ߾ֵؼ˵ѵλǮʩҪŵӣ½һɷֱǺʲôݵޣ⡢ô£
½Ŀ
ֻһ㰡
ֻһ͵үĳ˵ľٶʲôӦˣ
ֻһ֪үʮ޵һ׵Ĺϵչˣ
ðΣǱװ˰ʯͷۿܵõĸ£ȫͺ¿һɤӸûˡ
½ɺеĶˡ
ٸ
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һ飬˵¦粻ƫƫʱĻʱ䡣۽ǵһ͵͵һ򣬷ֳ𱡵ѾվˣĳһķƽվԱߡ
ûãûε
˿˰ܴãվҪʮѵ¦һ
ŹǺһӰźֱ±㵸
Ҫ߹ĳ𱡵˺һ
顪
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ײʯһߵ½Ϊ֮һɣɺнԼĲ˳ӵһȥ
СС͡˵˶Ѫ֮֡
ˤһű˲ΡΡؾһֻ֣֡žһȥһƶһλƵشƫУÿϡ

¾š
Σ𱡵ƿɽлӣ
ιιιʲôӰ˵ⶼɽؽɽţӵʿ¦զһļһˣ
ٸǡ
¦ѹŤͷߵ/ְؿڡ
ɺಱŹˣ˵ϵġˡһţʮԾŴβһֱҡѻһ

Ҫˡ
ΨеĿ쾵ɫŹ֡
ɶ칤ææµµװһĻ̧ͷɵӰһۣ̫ҵ˶ˣȲûף
ǵù˸ͽܰɣΨûķ̣Լ̶ˡ
ô¡ǲǽС
ӡ
ԣ칤ɴšһ֣ɵͷ֣ôҶϤ˭˵ʲôһ
ôһ˵ΨЦˡ
ˣСǰȣʲôſھһ䡮Ѫ֣֮֮࡯д㵽绨ȹϣ˵ڶݡ÷绨ȹˣŻҪȥ졭Ψһֻ֣һ꣬Ǯñԣ٣Щѹͷ
򣿸ãҪǮģôܼͽܡ
칤Ψôһ˵ʱϲһѽ쾵˹°Ȼ׼ۿӵλͽܡ
쾵һܣûһüͷȻ
ϹȵȣǱߵĺ桭ЩԾ

ĻڵĽʯϣѭ
ܰԼˤҲǸ˲ŰһߣʯúƽΣ˵ǲĺȫˣ
ʲôĺ½ʡ
𣿳үҡͺ¿ӣơĺڴ
ԭˡ½ǵͷ͵һѣ԰ү竰ףͺ¿ڶʿҼǵǵûʲô⣬竰ӦҰɣ㲻ǵôôĸơĺû
٣һ򣬡⡮ĺ竿ɲûһ֮ɫ䡣ٸһƿӹʮ̼֣ɺһ˾ܹһ֮ƣһǷ绨ңүˣһ䡮㻻˶޶ٳǳǳصĳף½ʮһǸβҪ竣ﹻϡĺٹ⣿
ʲô½ȻȣǰҲǲҩȺԨŴ𣿡ȫҸϵ̫ʱ
¦Ա⻰ЩһͷԽ
Щ竣竳ȼͱˣ
һһ仰÷绨飬ɱİӣ𱡵޵ˣҲ̫˰ɣֱ竰ˮ׼ͺ¿ʲô
ϴβôǰ׵𣿡ɺһָӣһԣǵpǱѪ֮֡Ҳ˵ġҾͰˡ
С˵ˣ˹ȴˣ㣬Ӳƭ˵ġ
Ѫ
ô׼ôû㵽Լջˤ
һ˺סѪһ̾ⶨȻСй¶̫Բд˽١
·һٴεɺкߺߡ
ʦô˵ͲˡӶסѪ󣬻ܣС֮
ͻȻڳ𱡵ϡ
ӣѪ֮֡
˵ĲһҲ֪ҾţھҪѪ֮ˡĳ˵Ѿڵι
һ̣۾Ȼɴ
է𣬰һѪɫ
桢ˣ


62 Ϊȼ
ӹ, ӽԭء
ȻǴ֮𣿣
Ƿ绨ȹʮƽǷʱʢʮһǷɺʮǷڳ϶ʮǷǷԺлĪ־νȥ, ǰծһʹôҲ׬ˡ
ܱ໹ծһغúðɣ
ʲô
½ָź棬ˡ

һϽ̧Ĩ쬵ĲӣȻö˶˵ضԴ
ˮȻ
糵նڵĺ棬˺һѷ졣ճѪˮ㷭ӿ, һƬڵˮڰתһغ棬ʮ֮ߵĺںͷ, ̱ǵݵĸܳζ, Ǻͬʱˡ
֡½˫۷ֱ˵ĵ㣬ľ⣿
ڷ
, ڵġƲ㡱Ưˮ, ۳Ѹӿ, ںѵɫϻϼơǲ, һ޴۵Ȼ㡣Ϣںףʮ, Ƭ, վڽ˸ֲ˶ߡ
⡢˵, ˰
𡣡
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ŭ¼мعְĶ䡰߳ǧ, ѨӺףݷǧ亣ŭɽδǰǲ֮һνʵ֮䣬ܽ׺֮ڸϢۼ黫βѰٵ۾֮أɱ
ܰⶫͱɱɾ𣿶Ǿôܻ
ɽĵһ¾ǡɽ򺣡
飬ŭƽϢɽǧ꣬񾡳ܹڻκͲ֮ɱٶʮȦһƬǧϢľ
޲ֹˮ
̫ɽһڵĵطǧ޹а
Ҳٲٲٲ٣ѾŴˣôģͷ⼸ʲôԵģ⣬Ϲ˻ˣ
ԼúѹϲһҲûڡ͡ǰΪ׵˼
ٸ¦òڳ¹ش󣬱뾡㱨λϡ
˵ţ¦µյʡ
һɺȾڹ
¦ӲڴӾعע⵽һ¡糺ĳҵ۾
վڳ𱡵ߵǰږǸˣ
Ǹ֪ݲ֪αװףʦˣ
¦ҲŲԷݣһ񣬺ʹݳϣݳϳ˼Ҫ׷£Ժ̱ܿʲôܰ⼸ȱ¶棬ֱӰΣɽˣ
һ˲䣬¦Ѫ
֮ǰ֪һЩ£疎һҹ𱡵ƴӷȥ󵽵׷ʲû뵽Ǻп˽ºݳϼɵйӴнӴģ¦ɣ֪Σʲôݡ
¦ΪǺpǣԼѾƽؽһжǸ۶ӣ޲±仯
ֱһ̣Լˡ
Щͱ¦ӵı޵ģԶҲ֪ܹڳʲô»
϶Ҫ˱ΣɽҡڵһΣڼһʱը췭ظʲô
ʱը췭ظΣﲢû˼¦
޲ߵվڳ𱡵ߡ
˶Ǻõˣ͸Ӹ⽿ĳүˡʦ䲻һն󣬳𱡵ֱӸŻüҪθһ³ѪȺ͸ѬĿѣһ㱳ȥ
ʦ廹ɵվţ𱡵ƶݺݵصһֽ̧ۣ˺һ飬䵱סڱǡ
ءء
ͭÿ˵ĶĤ
ճʱֵĳȻͬʱ˿̵ĺŽּּϾųɸƣѽźͲԤд쵽صˡ
ţ¦ץסŵٸǺţ󣡡
ʲôʲôǺţ
½űӣһջߣһʡ
ǰֽСŭβЪ˲ֹݺᣬλںУˮ庣鼫Ϊ׺ֱ򺣣ſʼзƽ˾ʱһİղſʼϢܡ¦һһ߽ͣ䲻ϲÿҪһιϢڡϢ
ɽͲϢʱ򣡡ںгɤӴ󺰣ͷģҪȥڸʲô
ڵĻƷѵԶһһӿ·ڰ˷Ҫȼںľ֦ɡȻްͷǼȥ⣬ɭһƬ
һһ
˳ӿĺϳۣСϾųǷغϵɽɫĴ멣һֻһֻӳӹ棬˻ܵȥЭ۴ʯ뾲
á
¦һ
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ţһ󺣷ι±ڣһܾֵתͷ¦±ӡ
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Сʱʫ̨㣬ʱûɸӣһһС̨ϣһҲŵȨߺδȨߡ֪ôʼչչֳĻ첻츳׵ĹϵҲˮֱգ˼治㣬ضݸӱϷ롣
Щ̨ͱΪĵ̡
º¦Ҫϸ룬ͻȻԼȻ֪ĹϵΪʲôӡ
𱡵ڴֱ±ڵջϻ
ѾѵϳϿգѸʧȡ֮Ǻ԰硣ɽӻŬؽۻغǵĴڽĺ˼֣·׳鳲Ĵ
ص

ٵˡ
Ψ¿쾵ᵶ̤С
ͳˡ
ʫôģ칤໤ۺãɫվ˰ˣҿֱéˣʲôĿȥڡ
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칤üͷһ̫߳ˣôΪ˵
ֻǺȻһЩ£Ψת󣬰γɽĸ̵ġǰΪǺҸǩйأڿδء
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ʫһ˼Ұæɽ򺣡ʱ˵һ仰˵Щӵ͹ԲˡΨӵںһΪʲôҪԼĶӵţΪ¡
˻֡
ˮһý޳ĺӰг롣
ɽмλúΣΨתһɡǱɱģɽ֮ĲģͿʼˣ
칤̧ͷ֮µϾųǣƻҡҷȺ˫ۡ

ԼɽţΪȨ޳

Ƶʹڣڡ·ػһĺᡣ˷˺ֳңһʱռʧһڻع硣
֮ţԳ⣿
̫֮ϣ⣿
δ٣⣿
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ĻУվں֮¥ػʮϵ֮衣䣬·ΪӦ͡
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ǻǲǵãϳ֮Ϊʲô𣿡ʣ·ַ·һˡ
ǧѹĴ˵ܴ֮һʧţǶصШӣíϱĻǵȼ˼ң
ڣʮ޶ϵШҪˡ
һ˶
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ԼʲôѵбӭӾϸҪ£
ˣȫںѱΡλͷͣһֻڵұλֳһĳȡ˵λƼƺһλŮӡ
ǡɻʮޡĿˣϷȫϺŲʫʵԷġ·硣
˵ЦһƺϷΪֻߣ˾м϶
߰ɡ
شǡ
̤ϴ˽
񴬼ٶУڰ麽ۼ䣬ͣھ֮ڡɽһճǵ޷ӳָûϣ͸ӵӳں
ΪȼһֵȼĻֶûס
µҪϨˡ
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63 ȥɣȥɱķ
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΢һЩ
ɽСӦ˾
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ϲǵһδ캣ţγһӦԴʩ
ŭһҪ£ҲϰˡȻͻȻɽɵİ£ϳеʿ񽥽ҲƽһЩΪסñȽϾõʿɣɽһѲֵˮͨš
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ҫƵģ԰ڴӳүѧ´ʶ
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˵ʱʶȥĳˡ
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̫ҵλСʦԼĪһߵĴ
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ڹϣ𱡵ͻȻʧˣ
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𱡵ھϣＸ˵ĶԻԶ顣
ʵûڿ羰

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ɽ¥϶С硱һֻͭһƬ֮ͭϣץϸǻ࣬紵ʱͭʱ˿̣ͭβ԰ͭת类һ𣬻ֺƴ
衣
صѹ񷣬ھ·ŭ
ˡ
ʦĴϣ糵ϥǡ
°ɡ
𱡵ưſڱʯ⻬Ļϣһ̲Ъת̫Ѿ׵סˣ֮ȴһ޵Ĺ⣬ӳü۰밵
Ҳˡ
ƺΪӡ֤Ļ䣬һһΣڻϴڵԲӡ걻ţһƬһƬؽݡеɫӰѸٽӽھǲԶĵطͣ

𱡵ƫͷкιɰճϡ
ҽ̫һ
ݳϽŵĽϻ̧һЩ
޺ˣô죿𱡵ֱҲȥֱһ֣ƽ
̫һ˿
𱡵һü޺Ļ˰аɣ̫һ
̫һӦ
һ·ϹϾ̫һݳϣ
ӡƽ̫һʲô仯ԭΪµһ̫һôİ
ݳԣƿĿ⣬䵽𱡵Աߵĳɡϡ񣺡ܷµ̸̸
ʦ忴һۡ
ȥڸʲô𱡵ưסļ򣬡̸ɡ
ûʦ˵ֱӻظ¥ȥˡ
ʦɡվ
ݳϸо䵭עԼָоһķָסɭȻĵɱϣֻг𱡵һ˻Ǹ޴ˣֻ˵ֻڳ𱡵ǰˡ
֮⣬һѵһѲ֪Ϊʲô˶ŵɱĵҼǵ㣬ʦ˵ȥĲǣ嶦ҲȥϽ
ܹסǱ˵ңﲻ̸ĵطݳѹ±ܵĺ⣬΢Ƿ£롣
꽥ˣ
ֹͣˡ

𱡵ƽʱʮһëΣͭǮһֱ˷СĴͭƵ
½һ߸ƣһ߻ϽͣɵҲ߯ˡ
Ǿǣĵ죬ΪԼʲôޣԼʲôöָҳˣҪָż̳˽⣬Ը⺰һ
ɽ廬£Т𱡵ۡ
½Ƶ̣ƺһڸɾ顱һѾƺϣԼһϸ﷢ɧһȺƤϲùѪͷ滹ҪαعֶЦһһһһֶԼԸ⵱СǾȥ£ҲźȺϲүүүͷݸҲȥү飿
¦۽ֱ˵ٸ⻰ҪǴȥˣתɽڧϢ
ҵһо࣬½һͬУʥȥƾʲôСˡ
ںѵݣ𱡵ƾԼҲø˵ʲô
ϧһԼļ䣬Ϊˣ˫׵Ĳƶޡðɣǵڡ㡱೤ƺǰ˳簮˷ָ˵κΰοáֻø߷߲ƽӵơ
ӦСӣиϲүүԼôһ츳ţø۾ͷȥһҵȻҺһӦʦ֣ʦָƨӵ뵱үŴȣǧˣѾģ˶¹ӣһһٸֽһģⲻǳҷ˲Ÿֽһ
𣡡½ʹ⣬ӦĹȻһӺĳⲻ⻹̣
Ҳϧʱ¦ûɽѾǿɽһġźֻ̾ͨ˺ֵĹҹʱ򣬰·ˡ
𱡵ơGһʣ··𣿡
Ҳ̫С˼˰ɣֱмһˣ˵ֲСҹޡҪ죬ᡮৡһյøɸɾҾȥֲˣƽմ·һʲôʱʲôʱף϶Բ¸˾Ųʮٺ٣Ȼĳ׵죬˶ؿӦӦӵ/ƨй׵ġ
𱡵ƺ½һĬƬ̡
㰡°ͬѧ𱡵ļ򣬡ƵǶı
ôôıһ˻벻
½ҲΪ֮Ȼ𾴣Ъ˴λĺġһȣô޺øСһ
ѹСӵûãֳ̾ȻҾͱͷӽʵʵʰһ١Ҫţӵ̫ȥ̫ǵط˴𣿡
°ͬѧڲ˴ĵطʦǰôʡ𱡵ѡ
ͶҴˣ̫̫Ͻãַǽ಻Ӧȥ̫ұصķˮ
Ȼ޽ڲٰ½ֹ
Ҳ׷ĺ𣡡˫֡žذϣõվôҲɽٸ𣿣ٸͲӢһҿںΪôţôֹھСëһңʲôҾˣصɡɸͷңܳȥ¡ҾͲܸɵ𣿣
¦̾˵ҪǻһϢһӦֵøʰʲô̯˰ɡθҪȥδΪæýͷöʱ¡
ļλչʾʲôײʲôСֺڰ׵վںߡ
һһ״ӻԾظֻؾ⡭¦ľðƷչδӿҪ׵׵زð
һδҪεġ׳־󣬺Ȼſϡ
һɳ𱡵ƵľƹңȥȫǿһӻšڻɢˣҲ͵ˡ
֡½ӱˣ
ͷػӿ֣ת˴ͷأһģֱʲô˵Ķ㲻ңһء
һûûûڲ٣ֱʱ򣬲żȻر¶Ϊһӣһίһ档
½Ťͷ𱡵ƣÿ˵ˡ
𱡵Ƶͷ
Ҳװ½ȥұӣ˿鴰ͷϣҡͷԵظ̾ȻҺҵϵҲôٹҰôһٸأ챻ӵġ
û취𱡵Ʒ˷ҳ̳ûľƣҴ
ң׵׻Ե竡½ͬһת⼸Ǳ˰ɡǲҲ뻹и߶߶¦Ӵ粽룬ֱ޿
һҲӡڶǴҸ޿
ָĻˣ
¦ӡŶ¦վſڣһݸոյĴš
Լţٸ̸ϵɽμӸᡣ
ڼ侲Ƭ̡
½æҽͷϵĴ£𱡵һֱһŰѵߣԡֶǿаһŤͷòɺйһѾƵġӻӴչԸҪһ㼪ףɺһסѻ졭

ҡ𣿣ȥμʲôᰡ
ոջˣȴһѡ
ɽǧ귢չĻ鰡ȥܸʲôǵ¼𣿾Ҳܹɡ˰и϶μӰȫͷķﰡ
ʲô𱡵߳ȣɽٸĺ֮һѵͲ½Уȥʰ
½Ͳɺһһң˼ϡ
𱡵תһȦҵűʣպպīҲֽʹӱ½µɴ˺һС飬Ѹٱߡ
˵ٸ㾡ӵ͵¦ոûתİ仰ӵûˡ
аɣɫ湫ӣ
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һ㣡½ʮһҵĳճ𣿣
̣̫ˣϰͺ¿֣
໣

¦ɵſڣǡ

½קţͲɺһһңõٸ˳ڵ·һӾŭĿһ˦ǻǳڣյǽȵǰѥ
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øܴһ·ҿԣҪӴ˹ƣ
¦Ŀɿڴ
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½ƿɺȲʣಽ°ڡ󣬳𱡵ưдĴ˾һϡ
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ĸۣͰּ𱡵Ʊֱۣؿſڣͷ
ˣǵͦոһӣˣ½ѣ¥ݵʱ򣬱ѥϵˣ
ɺоʲдõĺī֣
٣
Ƿצ֣
ٸʤ
һ𱡵Ĳ½ǿϵĽŰĲ޷˵̤ս
Ǻǡ
ȥɣȥչΪٸϣȥٸݴɱķȥȺͷӵ泶ݺݲţĭ


64 ݾ׼Ѻ
¦һȺ漷, ؿıӰʧ¥̨֮ͤ䣬ʧȥ֮Ѿܹǵã, ԼѵĴ顣
Ӧùûɣ½ʡ
¦ľȻؿһۣ˵һͨѾˡ
Ȼ⡣˺ԥػش
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ȺﾹȻˣ˾Ȼǳ𱡵ƣǣովһͷڰ
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ʲô½һ, ķ֣ھһˣ
ڰһ١
½ʮһ, ˸ҹҪ𣿡𱡵ƹеʡ
ҪǶ½ԡ
Ҳԡ
½ŭ𱡵ƣ㲻ҪΪ˵ҴҾһʱûӦ, ջ𣿡
ӷ, աɺйغ, ˳ֽľ˨, ƶɮ룬ʩ˼, һʼҪʩ粽, δӶ񡭡ǡǡ෴, ӦһƬȭȭӦΪʩ½ʩԼƶɮλŹͶڴ˴, ݳϿܹ֤ʩİȫ
½ЩˣЩףɽ󰡣ٸôڼȴ滹Σգȵȡ
͵صɴۡ
òǰȥΪɡ٣
оȰ½ʮһ𱡵쬵ص
ھһ쳣ƶɮ²⣬ɽйأɺп¦һۣѵҶ̵ġڶ˱Ƚίġ񡱣ʩ䲻ϸɽǰΥм䷢ʲô̬޷ٽʩڷ粨֮⡣һ֮ˣ˻֮գѲ²Ҳ
ǡһȥôȥսˣ½ͷƤһ·飬һΪܸģôѱȥΣ𣿣ɽ󵽵ô°
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½𱡵ƣֿ¦
ǵ꣬ҲǾκ˷͵֪𱡵˼ܶһʵӦö֪ģֻĮԲǰաԻǳ½ⷶΧһʱ뵱ְ綼޴ֻ֣ܽŵر졣
ҲʫΪԼ׼סڳ𱡵˳ָת㽻ãˣҪά棬ɱˣҪȥɽһţȴҪһٸߣǰ䣬ǰ
Ļ¦ϵļ΢鶯յһһ
𱡵Ʒ·ûɫ
ָһתʯӱġ
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ﾲĵġ
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½һῴߣһῴǱߡ
˵𱡵󡪡Ҫһ˵̫¦̲סһ桭¦ķӦүƺ˵ˡ
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ȻΪһϸ竣½ϰһǰӵˣ¦һ
¦ҲǺһ𴳹ˣҲѡ¦ݵǡӡĽɫûӣǵճҳһˣվ¦ĽǶ롭˼ɽһţǺȫͬľӢӣŵȥ۾糤ͷȥˣǸӦŲǸƾʲôҪһȥİ
½֪ô֪˵ʲô
һ֪֮ԭҲǻìܡ
һѣһǸѣҪվıȥҪʲôǳǷǶԴ
ѡ񣬡𱡵⣬ͳ߰ɡ
ҺȥμʲôӸˡ
½롣
ڵĻºֱɡ¦һǻԥһ˿ڳΪŧһ˭ԻͷҲδؾǡҺá𱡵Щʱʵϸ緢
˵ֻҪԸ⣬ܱ˭ϸġ
ӻǻİɣ
ðɡ
½ϣԼҲеģһ㡭
ϡ
¦ɫúһȫɵ⣺ϣƲɽǲǣ
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ǡ
Ϊʲô¦ŵؼʡ
𱡵ջߣȻЦpǷ£Ȼȣܿͽˡɽ¡һʵΪʲôΪ֪Ƶ¡˵ڵɽ󵽵ʲôӡ
p׹𣬶ڣְɽ󸻼£ΪΪʯ㲻Ըɣ࿹ѵȼЩʳҲ첻õֻɽpһǡαΪһǿշʳأܶ˰ͲpǸϽɣӲдһ죬и̾ͼһ죬ǵһЩˣԼ˿ɣٺôǵһЩˣԼų
յü۶˫˵Ļȴ̱絶
һܿɿ죬һɲ⺣
̰޶ȣĿ
ɽݺ
𱡵̧ۣƯĺͫЦ⡣
ɽƾʲô˿𣿡
ȼأЯꡣ

Ъɽϣȴڡ
ɽż䣬ʮϿ̽븡ƣͷһ֮ؖܽǸ߸۷塣ǧͭſÿһͭϺ󶼹һλȨɽ˵ˣ˵Ӷ꣬мžࡣ
ͭԿΨųͼ˽ͼ
һɽµ䣬һɽδ䡣
ڹȥʮǿŵġ죬ע˳ˡ
˶Ĭع۲λڳֵٸ

ʫԡ޶ӲĿĶӵСʱһʱڷڡ̫ԼŶɹԻδ顱˾ͲδˣǾ·ŵɽͳССȥԣɽٸ֮˾֪ϻͷ
ܾɽϵģΪĴܣأƽʱһĿⶼͨսս
ʱ˿̣иϷĿŵΡȻ
ֱͦع֮ͭСɽαӳյøӿ࣬ӰͶħӰӡԦ΢۾עԼǰͭȴû˾ΪϺ׺
һλ׵ȫͬٸݵ˲Ŀ
¾š
Ҳ֪λٸߵĵһ·Щϱƶ̫ˣƽսӴҪôĶǣҪôɷǵȻѣδӴɽٵͽټɫ׺ݣһʱ䶼סˡ
ʫ۽ǲײس˳顣
˲˽Ļ֪СӾβʲôʺСӵУ¾԰첻ôӵĿǰ֮ܡɽǰɫ䡱Ϊ
һ̫˵Ľ
۲ΪƿߣʫһʾῪʼ
Ҳʱѹ¶ԲѰ·ٸӣƬ̺ѭǰ̵桱Ĺ̸һЩ¡
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վŵʱ½͵úͲɺкܰѽϡһԭ᧿Σ˲䷢˲/νġ׺ȫΪþȫſסӡ
סĹҹͻᵱɳȥ
½ʮһģˣ
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ٸ
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תתȦ֮ҵʵʱֱӽͷ׸˴ӸῪʼһֱΡȻΪԼһʣȼַƵʾΪ϶СĿݡ
û뵽ǣװӻǱڴ֮ͥΪٸɡӦһƤЦⲻЦ෽ѯʣٸοǰϢ֮£
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һʱ䣬Ӧϵ񶼱ЩŹ֣Ҫ˵Ļһ֡Ѻ⡱˵񡭡ǰ𱡵һдֵĴڰ·һߣһʱۡ
ˡ仰ڳүϲãǸһһĻħһȴ׿ȻдڴϵӬͷС飬ȴ˿ңŲдȫǳ𱡵ƴţøϽҪֵĵѣһӦ֮ߡ
ʱţզүǸǶĻ׳治ɣҪ˵ʲô㶼µõ
ţ˷ֵһ飬Ǳ߱ץʱ䱳˱

ֹǻ˵ʲôүµõô˳򶼲ˡ
үĻô
Ŀ̫죬ӦϱþȻԼЩһʱ䲻֪һǵĶ㣬ǳõ躹ޡ߽ͣӦϺȻһԼӦõͷ񡱵뷨
ܿأͷͱӦϴˡ
ô躹ޣΪڰܷô
ٸӦؿһرʣǰϢһ£ʲô߼


65 ɽδ׺δ
ǲЦ, ࡣ
ڵڣһٸʽɽ, ĵһηԴɫ޴ݶӺͿ¶һһʧ̬һ׶á
ɽţܽӹ׾֮
伱Ϣϵش󡣶γǲ, ɽ֮Ӧʹʾɽ֮ϡ׾Ӧ˾ѭίʵӸġ, ͳ
ɫԻ
ＱߣûٻŴСչʾԼʱĳ̬, ⲻ֪ԽԸҡΪٸ͸ɽȣ˵ʱ򣬲Ҫǵע, Ϊ˶ȫҲ̫, Ϊǧ
һЩϹŰĵװͷ
, ס
½ʮһ, 
סһ߱үдСһڶ½Ͳͺ¿˸Ѫͷ
ҳס𣿣
Ŷ˵ǼѶȵļ, ⿼˵ķλ, ֻڶϾļЪ˵һһ, ô͵ֱӱȥ
ҺãүдС, й秵ģһϣϢ֮
ãֻɵڵ㣬ըһغֽ֡
ŭ嶨ˣ겻Ϣȶл޻سǹأϲӣһӣһ飬ʱʱ۷磬̲̿࣬Ϲ֮ӦǰϢ󣬻漴һת绨Ҹм϶ڽĦаϽ;ޣΪҸ֮䣬߽ѡ
ϹŰǼ΢΢ס
һȫվٸɽȿҲɽƸĸˣչ˵ǳذȫҲǵɸδȵؿϢΣҲάɸϡߣԶȫۣȻѾƵ˼ǣˮ©
ӦϽⲿ˺ͻ׿ϵɫ۵ףһ±
ɽĸ٣ƢͬϵڶࡣһĸϡЩ˴ʹɽʫΪƽƽıƽƽĸΪɹ涨ֻա󡱡ǸˣһͷҲǰͷȥɣ
Ψһͬǣ֮ǰͷȹҪʧ
ԽĸЩҡ
ӦѡΪͻƿڣ䣬̵⣬Ҫִٷԣ¶ѧʣţһϹŰ峹ʧ˼Ҳν֮ǰȴݵзһʯ
̤ɽһ̬Ѿʼʧˣ
зĻʯûݻ٣ȹļƣ
ǲʫıĽӦ϶鷢
Ǳ䣬ɱף

ļԽ·ÿһÿһ䶼̲ľġɽͨž֮̾
һȷơ߼ԵõĴǿĸ˼ɼٸǴֻᱧ̣ҴܣͭȻɽȷԡ̡Ϊ£ôɽĸһֱڽ조ɰٴԼ¡󣬸Ҳһһķ׿Ȼ
ǱϾţǴȻ̻ᣡ
Ǳˡ
ĵ˿
үҪٳһ㣬Сͽˣ
һ͸оһͦ⣬æְסϵļⶼˡ
Ƹʲôʱ
ָϼ費Խɣཻ񡭡ȥʮ꣬ٸȻ躹ޡҸӣ˼Ȼز󣬼ϰĿͶӦϣ޵شߴ١
ٸӦ̧ѹµڵȮӣ
涸Ȼһת
ٸ˵ģӦǰϢĴʩȴ˶ԸԴ̽Ѱͻ⡣
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д
·ӦϽĻȻǳġ
߸󣬽µǳأ޵ĸոһʧϽ׹뺣ף鶼һŭɡԣɽΪػ䣬ഫӲΥ
Ӧһͣ١
Ѿʶ˵ʲôˣĿͶʫʫһϮ£һɫǫѷƱ˵ĶӽȻ෴ӦϵĻҲֻ΢ףδ
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ǵġʫףЦΣҳθһҲ֮ˡ
ΪϣΪɽͶˡӦϳʫңңٱʾ⣬ĸϳƬ̣žٱ
λϰ
ʫ˸ʾСӸһٱ
ͷҿ
һ֣һ߼ѵؾٱڵĻᣬϽְһȦǿпסţһ̶ϱ˱ɵΣӵøۡ
ڷɿػ𱡵дڴϵݣĥӦǳһ｣
Ͼڴæ֮дģүܼĿɴֻһʸõȵЩϼһͼذʱӦʲô˼ڵڶҪүֻдĸ֡Ѱ򡱡
ѰѰʲô
ӦϷ¾ƱȻм£ӦĳѾá
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Ҫϵһϣñ߽ȫѹһעӦϻܣɽĶҶ˵еķաһϢѭἰգȻǰϢȴҲòԴ¡
Ȼ
ֻһԼǷ̫
¾š
ͷԼкθ߼ڴʲôˣϲģԭ£޵Լϣ󲿷ƺҲ˼ֲҪ̸ɽμӸᣡ
ҪǽĸԺɸͬޣȻǣùٸ
٣
Щը
Ŭѹŭ𡭡СһͱˣӾ͵ˡ
˼֪ˣʫ˴λأ
һºͣº͵òǰУͷӣ˵ˣ㻹ʲô
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ЦȻһͭ𶦡˫ְͭϣƴͻȻǰģֻһҡλҲǶһ֪
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ŶһЦϸϣֶȸγףȸйİ֪ĺֶӣڣ˶ٹ𣿡
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ľ˰֦ϻᱬ»
ԶµļſµĹڻ


66 
ݳϵ̨ʱ, ʫʯϣһϸ񿨽Ƭ, γֱߣһúܾµϸ񡪡ǰһֱ紵ɢ˵Ŀӡ
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ԴӲɽۣгǡˡ족֮, Ǿʹ˵ʧˡͨʿַΪ춼֪ﵽЩ֮Ĺϵôġ
ŶȻص, и˽⡣
, ȼ֮ŸɭȻ巽ϵ۵λΪ, Ϊ֮һ, ΪࡱΪӡɽΨʸ, , ɹŵҲ, ɱ̱¡
ʲô, ΪӣȻۣʫʡ
һ˫ֲڲĿݳ˵еĲаǖľ顣
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ϣ۵ĖǺȻλ۵λã
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䣬̶˷˷ϳǵӦ˾ͬʱգͬʱԮ


67 ҹ
ֵͳһźӰ, վʮ·ڵȥת˲
ûʵ, ûκķ˷޴ڡ
ۿ˾ҪЯɺ飬أ⽫С
ĳ࣬ƵŧʮĻѸҺ, ΪճҺʡЩԭͿɲҺʱ۾µƣȫλֻһ, ˶ĵθ﷭
½ͷöһӣʱ, ʲô⣡
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ӦϵҵѾأ𱡵Ʊμ穡
𱡵Ʋûѣɺеỹϣֻ˿˿ƳѹҵϱӦ仰ûü˵ͱʯˣֹ߲ǧ⿪𱡵ϵҵϿ¡ʬɽѪҲ˰ɣ
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70 ʱ
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𱡵Ʋ԰׵ںˮī, Ƿ·ںͱǧĹ»ңңԣԷʷ, Ӱ½Ȼ˲ѪԷӿȥ
ĵˮƻۡ
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ŷԼ˷Ӧ޼𼱻ǵظϹȷϳ𱡵ǲǻš
󣬼˾ͷ, 𱡵Χĺɭ̹ǣ̬ҲⲻһѳʵĲ԰׳ڰգóȻͻὣâˡ
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زɵľһֱ̼
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𱡵ڴӽ״̬и, ɺи
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71 ໤಻
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Ӧ޳صˮֱп, ЯѪȣпЯ̹Ǻ⡣̶һڣ˵ڶμ֤ѿֲĳʡٶȳͫײ׽ļޣˮһþòɢĳߡ
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ŭڸ߿һһϰε򣬽ײУɸǼĸʽɵķת˲顣˭ҲҺκ˲սΪ˭Ҳ֪ԼսǸʲôʱȻת档
ʫ޷粻ˣĸЦȻɽϣô˳ߵһأ
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˰䡣ĵ˵ӰһӶת˲ʫǰһƻʫؿڡ

ԭߵļϱͽָڲͬĵطش󺰡
ڸոյĽУѾ̵ĸĹͿֲǵסгǵĹһͬʱӭսʮϾͶ価⡣ʵûж񣬴ͷβӥŪ
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ϳǽԼĲ麣ӿ칤ѪУ丸ľ˰ںеĽʯϡɸ߿Уĸʫֵ˲䣬븩ͺһϹ
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漰ʱϷ
ԸΥﴹۣĿڵϡ
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糱ӿɫĿģӰԶԶؽΧһϵļ룬ڵȴļƷϷСۺһɫĻ滯һӰ칤

ǧǰһλǿĳһ
칤Խ𣬾޸ڻްлٵذĻߣնסΨͬһʱӵÿһβɸߵĳˣĹ⽻Բĺ档
ûбȽҹʺѪսɱҹбıг޶ᱻ׵û

ǳķ飬ûϾųǡ
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ء
μ䣬ֳָìĺҹ棬а˰ߵ֣Ļԡýĳǽ˻ڡصγɺߺ͵ĳͷӿ˼ĳǳء
ĸ˵û
ȷǳŭаĥǵצ˼䷢𷴹ΨѪΨа׹ΨаܸƽǧԹޡϮϳǳصĹƵɷȣʵߣӦ˾βĵӾնɱԶԣڷ˵ǾجΣǺƽ٣֣
صھϿա
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ܾȶˣܾȵ֮һ֮һ
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߰ͷԺǰһͷԵһͷŴ죬ϲŵĴͷ­

һ߳һХزһþȫڻԴŵϡ
飬Ҳһ졣
һֻϵץסӵļ򣬰ӽա
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ɽɽô߼ӣ
ɽôӣһһߡ

һ˷Ÿ裬ǰ˷Ÿ裬ǧ˷Ÿ裬˷Ÿ衣ǵĸӭ裬ֿŭǹǻΣ겻׾ƣһһη
ඣ
һɽһõĴָͷһҹľ䡣



72 ڶʱ
ɡ
һ̱, Լ̯ɸ֣Ҳûʣʲô, ϣϿȾӣдɳƤᡱɳֹز֪ʲô
ǵǧŰʮһλǵǧŰʮΡ
Ѿ᲻֪ٴˡ
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׵㶪ɽҲ֪µ˶, õԼҪˤһ⽴ʱǰһҡʱһƬɵĿռͷǸԲε̨
׵֪ĸط˳, ˵Ϊ㣬Ҳðɽӡʱ, ѵ˵Ҫ̳ɽӡͨڵ֪ЩȽڳ¹, ԰㾫̡, 龳˵ʮʱĻ, , ˡ
ĩˣҲʲôӦ, ˡһ, ̨ϾͳʮģĻ, εֱӿ˹
ôк
Ȼӵĵ伮ģåƦӲһĿ
ȻضͷʮŻתǳʮܶʼ̫һ˷ֻصڤ¡ȱתĳϤλ, һʱ˻үͷıΡүıζǰ̫һͷҪһû¼ݡʹ죬ʲôʹŹŰ
г֤ݻɣôݣʮа˾ͷڴϾƽʱһҪװģά᧿Σŷ緶ûʲô
ͷӣǰôûôţ
ۿҪתԭλֹһһס
ˡ
һ
ϵ˲ʧ״̬ٴλع۷塣Ծ˫յ磬Ŀֱǰ
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ƽʫǿ۹䣬䳤֮ʲôʲôɡʫλɽʮǹϵġƽƽ桱ΪƽƽҲƽƽŵͨͨʿǿΣɷŵŹֽƵУ͸ⲻˡ
ʮʫ֮Ӣ㣬·αװŮҲΥ͸Уȴһѵ
һɳʩеĽͭİ
үǵòүǡ
ʫųصİбָ棬ġ
ѾεͿ͸ıʡѾľǸĺݶƥ򣬿ƤգһΡ

ӰͬʱԷ˫ֳյͬһ׺İӵʱѩ۴űȣ׳˶󵶱ʹĺȻơȻŮӵʫȴȻ۰һ
תб
ͭİзͻ
˫յУת󣬵񵲡
һǴİײĵطŽʫͻĹƱȵؽλýתͬһʱͬʱӳͬ
ոտ˿Ѿˡĳڻþ£ǧսǰһǧֻ汻ɱ飬мһǧǾŴսսعһǧβǿΪɳŹʸ񡭡ǧܹϵĶԺ伸ΣȻΪ̫֮ʢץסһͨᡣ
Ȼһڸʱ˫յΪյһ䣬ת󷭵ճһԲŶȥδʫ
ǰʫԴõĵǰǧΰᰤѧĵ⻻תȴԼģҴֱ׽ʵʱű

ǧһ֮ʣʫԵסµصס֮ʣѾͷŭľײ˹
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ŭһƽϢķ
ܣĿǹǺ
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ĹѨ
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ҵܡ
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ŭЪΪ䣬顣޷类ѹ󣬵еɷͻУÿҪϢһΣ׹а֮ˣΪһ壬ΪϡڹǣԾɷ֮أް֮ա
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ûʲôԼ
Ҿ䣬ҡ
ɽֻҵˡ
ֲҴü氡
ૡ
ƺܾˡ
𣬾ûĸүү̫үүɨĹԳƱ伮ʫҲ޴׷˼ʹΣôҶɶûСʫƳΪɣƹȥˣ˵ʲôݼ棬ĸͷüƾˡһֱáФҵĴͳ
û뵽ĳ̶ֳϣʫûк
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ʫֻһʶɵӰûлԹԵؼ˵
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ιͷ̫С˰ɣǧΰҿǧΣԣһ֣һ߰ȳ̳ȥУָôҪ£Ȼ˵ػֲ𣿡ǰԥҪҪɽӡ㡣
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ͷ˰ɣʲôҫ
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ǵ߹дװδɢ
ʱѹ

㺡绺֮лС
½δѭȪ£һǳȣΪνġ޷ѨȻޱȹеĻްȫͬһתĻУɫࡢ˪סԡөŨ򵭶Ũرţˮɫ񳺣ƻáֻҪӾͻᷢʵˮеĹԴָڷѨҲ̬֮䣬Ψһ¾ǻΣֹػΡһɢطΧͻ̴Ӻˡ
νȻֻļ
еײľó䣬ˮȪаɳӳϼϼ֮С
𱡵ڰɳϣ绨չļϸɳҪף͸˪ѩʸСˮƵĹӡϣƵĴʱǱǿоס֧Ļǡ
ʦߣԵΪڰɳϿ·صƣÿһʶ·пҽ֮ӿӳ𱡵ӿҵԴԴϵرУ𽥱Ⱦīɫ
һʱѨеȻֹͣʱͻȻ
γһתУһɰɫ˫ͼ𱡵߲֮/̫һʦ߽ɰȡ˰ƣСȡһ΢
ǲڤأ˭ҲȲԼôԼڴ𡭡Ϊ˭Ĳ𣿣
糵ᴩʱŮϴſģԹļЦ
Ъ˹ֿն
һ뿪ƣͻΪǧ⣬ǣû𱡵Ƶ塣Ȼҵز·ʲôҵķӦ﷢ͳʱѡʦпԼѪӿơ
ʦ彫糵/棬֣ʮָۡ
ǵߣ
󷨱ǿҵĹ⣬ѹѨеɫʣңԶصĺ͸ƶڲ֪⣬һһصǧ꣬۳ɽХĺ
Ͻ塣
ֵڼ̳ϣʮΧƳһȦ̳ȼܴ𣬳ա̳Χͭ廨һ춯̳֮£ƻ衣̳תǧ塣
ɰת


Ͳ԰
ɽůɫĹϷźĲʵƣתľֽɫʡŸĸ֣ɵҪĳھյĿĸǻɴؾܾԺȰ˵
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ôɵĵطͲٳֳүĻص
ܣ԰ЩϤ
һᣬгһʱȻϤдӺζˡ
ǵ԰԰˿ڿҪһֹȣó˺ͺһõļ䣬Ƚܹͬϧü˲һտҵͱүǧ£ĳһһĹݣת˵ľجΡ
ֵһǣһүꡣ
ɼܼ츳
ϸƮ䡣
𱡵ִԱӻСƳϳ˰ɡɡǰ͸ģɡɫܣſ͸ɡ԰գվָһһ飬ÿһ鶼ƹӳճɲʵĹɫʡ
ǵԼΪʲôҲǵΪʲôάֹֻȵģɡȺĿߡ
һļС
һǹ죬԰Ŀǹ죬ǻʵӵŵǰȺɢܣкܾУдͳֻٻŵرעĿӷӴܡ
𱡵ĵƳһۡ
Ⱥķ϶ֻһܼҵѪѪĲȪӿֻһ˵ĶжϲӿôѪñһɲʢת˲лĻ
ִ˵ԣԽΧ۵Խ࣬ǰæ޼ֻ˽
ǮСүɣ
û뵽ҧ˾ͲɿڣĴ߶첻ˡ
ִ̫ˣֻҪǮڵá
е°ɡûոǼƣ˶߲

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ߺܿȺɢ
԰ϣȥСүһϤ
𣿡
ڱĵ
Ǹﰡ
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š
иΣǰ֮󡭡/ըķɻݵĺȣѵ
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Ϸűתľ׹䣬ɽŤʵĵƵӰļˮâŤȻѣЩбԵļ˺ıɴڴӵ绽ӵصĿֻʵۡ
ԱĵбεĻԡ
ˮӽűһӡˢֹȱĹ棬˵õĻ䣬Ҹͯ޶ݳɾǳٵ̨ΪĲš
ֻһˡ
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ת
԰߽⣬ʧذΨֻһͭڱͭûмһƾͿɭȻĺźԶԶϵӿӦſ籩꣬·ħĳЦ
߹ÿһ˸㾫Ĳá㿴뱯Ȳľ̻ǰѷǰְѷ˺飬Ȼɱ㺦㣬пԡ
úЦôڸǣôɷѿĵ϶˵·
ڸʲôڷʲô
װɵô
еʹΪʧеʼĵףеıԶɢ⡣
𱡵Ƶѩ޺
ˢ磬Ů˻ƼشЦڡѵԶװɵȥǣ磡
ǡ
ĻشжЪ˹ļ
ͭű
γòʵգྻ޳·˷죬ĸ¥εض𣬳ΪΪε
𱡵Ƶӣûκα顣
ҿԶʲôǵãҿԶʲô֪


73 ǧΪңǻ
ʦ帩𱡵ƽ߬, ָԼֱϡ
𱡵ڽ׵ϸɳϣչ·޾ѪʡŨܵĽëڲ԰׵ļ, ϲޱΨ˭Ҳĵطָôôһˣǰʹ͹¶ڸ
ʱ޿̲ȣȴֺϢ
ִͣפ׵Ĺ»Ұոһյؿ˰û˭ԽɽΪ, Ҳͽվ֡
ԭĺڷڣˮɫ𣬲ǵĹͣڲ, кˮһӿؼʯʦʵֻͣҪ𱡵߽, 㹻鵤ԡ
ܾúܾǰһٴء
Ⱥɽγˮӣҡ졢ơǳ罡ľСûڻŽݺ, תľа׵ָ, Ųɵĸ, һڵ, ̳üۡ
񻹲˵ʲô
߶, ȡʱպ, ϸġ
Ͼ
ڽ, ǴżЦ⡣
Ҫһһ㣬˼, źá
˵ô˵󻭳Ȼϣȴ͡׺ݳªϹϵڵϽڹĹеĲӥƽߡ
ô
ܸܵ𣿡
ǰ֣ںӣɽǳ
ġ
渵ؽôôϲãȴֻסѪҺڼӿɣ¶ȡӷɣ£ȼգظ衣
̫įˡ˵ͫӡŻ⣬ǳֻһֻһţ̫įˡ
ã½ı硣
Ҫļ
˵
ȥˡ
Ⱥ׹䡣
Ǻɳʮ޴Ѥõһ꣬ӿÿһⶼһǣһȼꡣʲôδǣɽӺδǣ
˼䰡
ʦ˻ơ
гǳضʬϣեȡѪ⿪Ļ˭ǵ˭㼣Զļ۴֣ҲĿȫǲˡĵˡ
ʲôʸȥޣ
ʦ彫ݵ
ңԶϽǧļ̳Ѹתһ˱ļҪݻתƵһϣһ˵ֳάϵһ֧Ļǡδ˭йĽʽ

ĲԪڤڤ֮еġԼһлԻ̹;һˣһ˵һпԼ
Ⱥǰ貵Ĺʦ𣬾û𱡵塣
سת˭Ҳ󲻵պյʮ֮׾Ȼӵ˻Ի͵ֱóΪʮ޵ĹֱóΪܿܿľ
һУǳ𱡵Ƹġ
ú޵ġ
Լ
˶Ĳк˶ʸѪߡ
һ㶼Ҫ

ɫ̻Ļʢƺƴ
˵ĶĤֱ죬ɽи¥̨ͤ˱תӰת¥źһڸ߿ųһŭŵĻƽա˷ʯ׹䣬ҽӵľ
ƽ̶Ϻɽӻаͬʱ֡˻ҹ滢νصȥӦ˾ϺȻ
ɽ󡭡Ǯ
½ɿľʧȥ֪֣ųǽػ£
һöһƽ󾻳
¦˻ΣЩΪֱӴӳͷˤȥ½ץסĽţþһ˿˻Ǿƣؿڳǽϣһ̧ͷױɾ±ݵɽ󡣸˵ĸоһõĽȻվطŭ
ʫѪ죬ɽĸ߸ϣƽĹյһͭܡ
һϽ
ʱ䰡ĸȾѪĳȣӣʫصĶ治١
Ӧ˪ͬѱĸϳǳص࣬붫ĸһγһΧȦ
˪ɫ粻
ɽһҲ֪ɡͼԭķΧֻϾųǱйֶΡû뵽ʫȻ֪ؽһ汸ıݡ
Сˡ
Ӧӵ˵ѿ
µʫôƤµˡ
ʫθΪΪãи϶ϹϾԡΪɽĴªҡΪɣڵ¥̨ݡӦӾ˴Ʋ޲ɼ
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ʫбϥūɫǲɫԣɱ
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조ͼض칤˰аæʫʲôʱͬ칤ȡϵƵġ󾻳ʲôʱͬɽ׵ģʫͬڽý꣬ǴʲôʱͿʼ׼
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ʫķĿɨ̮ĽֵʬľһƱӹӡ
ݳ䵽ߣΪɽսĸȫ䵽ߣġͼĸʫһɣĿǰֻһܹٿµҲ̫ӴҪķôʱʽ
ϧ̫ˡ
ƽ˵
߳걸ʱҪ͵ͨѾϵ֮ϡ
ĸ˵࣬һ
ɽĸǾĸʵ͵λҪ𾴣˭֮ǰ˭ҲûвĴڣˣ޷֪Ϣ˵Էʵǵ˫Ĳˮ
ûҽܵ˼ֻһɽա
伣治簡
İƮƮչչ
˭һֱĻԹۣ
Ѿˣҹ̫³ǵ񾭡ݳϵݽɨվϳмλ̫ϵˡ
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񷶥˺һƵ˿ڣѪѸɢһʱ·ճΪһƬ˿̵ؿ飬ҽ˷ɣɣпʼշθĳȡ
ĻɰããĴ¶ѻɽ±еɸ
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ȱڴһֻʻֻ֡־ͨ鼦һһһ㽫Ļ飬ĿһĻֻֻܲܿ־壬ֻ̱ڵء
Ҿ֪ϵļһûһö
½ڳǽϣŤţ/һؼ
Ӿ͸һ̫ʱ
½εºܰ
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㶵ؿỤָ̋ӹʱ޸ֻʣһʱԼأЩһıܺɱƺֻͽ
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۵Ŀ⻺ɨϣk·Ѱʲô޹䵽ϡ
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ԭˣԭˣ
Ψɫмַ칤סļѾգһеȥ뻳ɱ
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۹ʱ֮Ѫ䵽档һɱȥĸ˶ҪͬʱΪҽ˾ʵԱȡˣڹϵǰҲֻһЩķˡ
гǵһλ׹ˣԭΨսֽ𣬡ͽ
ԲӡϷһƬ棬زǹ⣬ӻֻһԸϵΪʲôѡӴأ겻ĲģҲԼǻŵģƾʲôľ͸Ϊ˼òҶǾֶεɱ๫ƽ
˵칤ͳ˵ԼΪˡͷ׵ͽ
ѽϷ΢Ц©ء
ڵĵطԲʮﺣ澲ֹˮˮ£վģѸٹѡˮյĺԶɢڱԵʮ֮ߵİˡ˫ϸϵսֶԷס
칤˰Ψļ
Ψ侲
ɽϾгǳΪ죬֣
ԲСһ˵ͨĵ棬ֻĻ۹ͨ˺ѲķϣʵȻܵơ׵״̬Ӧûûеĵز
µֻʫ

ʫվɽĶˣͼĺġ󾻳ԴԴϵǰ㻮ϾųǵϿգƬϿƬƬ֮̽ÿһӶǰƽȼա
۽٣׵
Ȼ治ɫزٿؽͼڲɨΧħ֡
ӦӺ˪΢΢鶯
ԭԼɽ󣬱ѱĸϡʫļƼֱҪɽ֮ǰȫĲƸȼմǰŻձ⣬õռһǮ翰åȻ׶ӡ
ɰ׵ۺͳжŽ֣k˭ҲûнľٶǾûʸ񿪿ڣԽ
ʫĸȽһźУƱؿαùأϵĸѳɶ֡
հڣѪ졣
糱Ӻ콻ʶӿѾΧס
ԭֻһЩͷ¶β󱲡
ݳصĻ߿ոµѹĵ졣
Ӧӵ˼ԼĶ䡭Ȼڼڼڼ߸ϵϵۣ˼ֱ֪¸ηǸɴˡ
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˪촽䶯³֡
˪ѾݻΪ촷۵һĻ
ڶΡ
۹̲ŭص񷶥ѪɫѷһĻʱ顣
ڶֹңΪ𣿡
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һ֣ǴĨȥǿ̸ʲôѡ
˪΢΢һ漴ܿ׹ֻ˵ƥ˹ʺˡ׵۱˴˼ƺԹءֵüϼȻһϵ޹Ҫ
˵kǾһΣ˵kԹ
ţ˰γ۹׵ۻ֡ñȱ๷ΧԵѱ¹๷ͲǱ˴˺ҧԴ˹ϧ๷ͲȻ¾ԹЯԣҲûѱ¹ļƻ
ֻȡϳ򡣡
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ףĸ˺ȱڱһ󣬹ƺǴһ㹻̽ȡȱڡ˵ܵǵȼ˼ǶصШϵĴ˵ڽõ֤ʵ
ϣƺľͲһ֧巽ϵ۶ѵ
ȻѾû˹Ĵ˵ʵ
ǲǵ๷һǰ˵ѱ¹
ţѾ˱˷ֹϵв͡
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ʫĸȺϥϣĹĵӣĵؿڣ㻹һλᡣ
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һг䵱ջˮı£ʫΣҺ÷Ѿȥҩˣλ֮ǧĪҪѴ¸ҿܵùذĵˡ
ճЩѷ졣
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ҶĻ־׼ˣͻȻһʣⲻ
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Ц
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ȱԽԽճѪѾ䵽ϳУȼУɽǳŵ˺˵ڳΧģģͨġеӶ
Ǹְĸʫ˵֪ݳǿΪ֪ӷ飻֪ߵ˽֪ͨ¶ֹհǰ˺󲻸ҶϾźͻһ㣬ٺͻһ㣬Ϊɽ򺣵־ʵϲǽų򡣡
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ݳϴȡ
籩ֱֻʫ
ùĪ棬ƽóϡ࣬ڲ˳ɽһλûͷɴʱ˿̣ζѪȾ͸İ߰£ͦΣȻ۰Եʮޡ
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ЦεضĽɫӭصĹ
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Ĵ˺ǧΪңΪңǧΪҡ
Ĵ˺ǧвǻ
Ҷġ
鶡ʮ꣬գϡ
졣


74 ɽһһɲ
񷶥ıѹ, һ̷·ϫգջΪ۽Ĵ, ̽ſ¶ݣȼ¹ԣ£ƣˮˮ潵, ӰA
ϱĸ򱻾סϿǻѹľƣʫһֻмķࡣ

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Ǳϣ۱, ױ飬ʫڿлһȦͱɻ׷¡, Ʋ, šºȻɿ, ļЯ
İȼѪ, ʫϳһۡ
ƽƽ
ȻԼյľײȥȻҪȵ˫ֻʣ߲ſϷôľ, İ۰Բ쾡µطӳ, û֮, ԼҲûк˵ء
ѪİŤ, žһ
͵ճɣʫӰʧյУʧ˵Ŀ˵͵ؿںеݳ͵ǰ̤һǽϵ¦͵վ
󡭡
ʣµĺûڵ
ҽּϳһۣĿĽбŽֱֱ·գת˲ǧɣɽҾ޵ѪһƬƬ˷ը󺣱ӡճһƬɫ
һ
̽Ĺֱַ֮
ʫڸ߿ա
İгϲʫ躹̫ˣõİô꼸ûʣֱգյұѪɫѪ֤
һһɲǣɲǾ¡
ݳϱյĽŲ¦ľʺɽӵͫױһϾųһ¼žһžɽĻУӲ֪档
ꣿ
Ǳûһų˶ꣿĽŵĵӵһλʮ޵Ľ˶ꣿô˶ꣿ
Ĺйʧ
ֱ죬֪ǵĸûйͷҷϣǲұǵų򡣽Ҳֱͦ壬ظˣһ֮ӵĸҲУ
˭ɽһս
ң
۹ŭ쳹գõؿѪڣǰһƬ
кβң
ʫЦЦס
ʱ뾭ѵ̤ɽԨı躻ޣһǷ⡣ʱɱ¶úĺɨ˻ġǰأ콾Ӱǧ꣬Ͽ
ɽң
ʫ
Ѫɱ
׶ɱ⡣
ǲΪֹǸӦ飬kҪֻϱ촷ۡϣϾȻҲԽϣֱѪڿж񡢾£ܺܿؾֱãȴһɲĵۣ۲δֱ۵ĸԭʧ
kһա
ֻһϵ£ΨһĹâֻʣ´˵͸İ죬һĹⶼˡԭص߲߳˿龡ڳлһǹǹ늱Žѹµı֡
ǰδɫǹǹǧɣǹ
Ͼųǣи¥ϵͭͬʱһƬϸϹ⣬ɽеĽͬʱ˵ͬʱյһƬһǹǴϢ;ˣ˲ǹķâȫȻк£ֻǺεȿɲ
ʫǹâ
°Ѫ£ӭǧɳ늡
ۣǹðɽŭ֮£kȻԭȡֻȡϳ򡱵ĳŵ˭ҲỳɣһǹʫûסϾųǵǧʿ˲Ϣ仯Ϊ̿
ʫһǹǰϡ
ܵס𣿵ס
ʫڸĵᵶΪ˫յۣϵĺһذ䣬¶ͭɫһתΪɫҵĿݹͬһɫ·ȡͭɵһ

ǧһͬ
ԼԼصͭɫӰʫֻʣݹһߣѱݣȴ޲׶˺񷶥ĳ۷
ͭ

ŭк£ֱʫ顣
ʫ
һͭɫӰӿ˻ӭϹ֮ǹǴ̽飡飡飡صӰһ飬ǰһһ͸ű
һ˲
Ӱصסһ˲
ǹâߡ
ʫȥ룬ؿڵƤѾΪһǹǹƿʼѡȻȻδͭ൶һ㡣

֪δƮ
ӰǰһһŮź멣ŮȹӰʱϵ¦һ档

ƵҪգձһĵعڵء
̣һΣ
¦ӭǹâһƬ
ʮ糤Σʫټ
÷ѩ΢΢һЦƮȻ𣬷ѩ⡣
ȵҡ
䡣
ʫۡ

·һַ·ǧ򵶡
顢ǹ顢ǹ顢ǹǧɡŰ١˰١߰١١飡ǹ˲䣬ɢը鲼Ƭ񷶥ΪѤõһ껻һɲǡʫԾ̤ʱռŤĲкۣһһϣƶߣԽԽߣԽԽԶ
ҪǺҪȥն̽е֡
ŭһһεؾһһһһεر飬ġԽԽɢͭİһ̽˼Ĺ֮ϡһΣط֣kȻҲ޷նѪۼЩѪѾ
²פظߺ񣡡
⣡
ʫ߸裬ͭƣ
Ҳл
Ͼ·һȼյһڿյա
¹Σ
ȥ
ֻӳһļ׻Ϊ촷ۣ߸Ծ𣬵ն⡣
Ī¥
ײĺ֮죬Ǽ¿ɲ¼·ƬͬӲĽԺͬʱι˵ԽҪһŽǳ۹ŭ޷ڸǵĿ־塣
kڲִټֵʫһ
ˣʫһڵkһбӵ˺ۣܴǰǧ޷ϵ˺ۡԺеǵkһܴ裬kŭͬʱҲk־塣
Ǹ䡭
ˡ
kһγֲ֣ͷɵk۾飬ⴴѾ˺˼񷡣һѪʫһ߿ԣһᵶҪԽȱٴɱļơ
һΣηˡ
Ӧӡ˪塭ɽͽ޷Լ۾Ť·һ鱻šĲȱʧˡ
ۣ
ˡ
ôܣôܣ
ӦӷħǸֻϡʫǸһǴʫǸȫ޵ʫôزٵģٵģǰһжǼٵģ
ʫǡ
ֱ䡣
µ˲䣬Ӧ˪ͽɽǼͬʱ
ȥɣ
Ӧըھ飬˲ϢаħԽˣһӭʫеĽա
ꡣ
ζͣһ˲䣬Ժжӹһͷ˭ˣ
һ̣һӰɶ
Ӧӣӷ۽ռض˽ͨġɽ
ʫİ϶ƣ澡Ѫ
ﵱ
ӦӲֻʼĻľ顣
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Ӧӵͷ­ڸ߿תһȦ˫ĿԲ, 龪·ʡôܣȻɱѾûٿһۡһɲ䣬ʫӰڵڶɽͽǰ
ľ˽̶ռءй¶šɽﵱ
ľһӡתķȥռӳһ, ξ͵һ١
ն
һѪٶ쮷ɶ
ѪУľǸʫ׵ɢȥľΪصʬ׹棬¶񵶵ʫ
ɲ, Ⱥѻɢӡ
ʫӰֱ, ͬʱ˷һ֮ͬʱͽӿ̫ӴܵĸǱףƴ, зɡӡ껢ǡϰַϰֵ, ׷ʫ
һ
ꪶǡ
봨˽ܸߡɽն

ȭк󱳡
κӣɽն!

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ѣն
ĵ
޴Ҽ硣
̣ն
嵶ߵͷ­䡣еĹ·ţ뺣, ֻʫ׳Ѫ, Ӱ졣ھ飬ڷɢ, ŮӵӰȾѪ, ѩ, ħΪΪɡ
ݳϡ߸ϡϵȥ, ȴԼû취ĲУȫͭɫĵۣ۲ɫĻ档ϾųϿѪưã׷һˢصꡣ
ʫӴųǽ߳ƣݺأ㡣
˵Ҫɽ
أն
ն
ննն
İһһͽڳϡ˪˫ץסİԼγת̧ͷգ̼󣺡۾СΪľϹᰡ۾۾ң
۾ң
޶ԡ
ֻųʧ񷣬֪ڵʲô˪ҡβδǰ䣬ǰעӡ
ĸĸң
˪תĸÿ˵һ־ʹӿһѪ
ԸַϣԸɽŶϣ
ĸƶˣ֮鲻֪ʱʧһԲĿʫϣͫпնһƬʫ£֮ϣ빶Ӳдͽ˪ңңԡճѪ䣬ͭϡ
ﵱն
˵
˪סİ˫ɿش䣬Ѫ˳ɿֱ¡ʫһжǶļȲʺη֧ҡβ

ݳ˿һȵǰϵϲͻȻʧˣڰһΣЩֱ׹䡣
󡢸
һӰӰӰ䵽Ƶĸ¥ϣ˭ҲûǰʫʮɣһʱżšɽӲ֪ʲôԻ糱
İͷʫϵĻȼСϻδɾѪϴīɢȥֽ˪ѩΨս֮ǰȾѪȻ°ѪƵĹ䣬ûȥϵĸ׵ֻۣǻܡ
λʫЦЦննҲˡ

ݳơ
ʫǰһ
ʫɽʮ꣬ƽϣ֪ݳǿΪ֪ӷ飬֪ߵ˽֪ͨ¶ֹΥѵɣ飬ս⣬ͽû档
ԭ糱ĻȥɽãȻ󲻰
ϼżš
Ȼһư֮ѵֺƺ֮գʫ˸֮λ
絶еĹ⣬ϷԽԽԽԽ

Ҳ̲סǰ
ʫؿڱ鲼ѷ죬Ǵѷзġ۹һǹȻû䵽ϣǹâ͹ᴩࡪĵֻнûзԣҪƴȫܴȥնɱͽ
ͶϾˡ
ǲеһάϵʱҪķѵ塣
ﵱնйꡣ
ʫףЦЦŮһƬƬ顣
λҪס
۵Ĺ⳹ױΪǰĻӹϾųǣ򾲺ϡϡϡ
˵ͭƺ˸˼ĶӣҲ˸ܻ档
ɵĺ飬µĺŵ
ԭںеˮᴮ˸ͭоٴΪһ塣֮Уаͬʱкһ𷢳ҫ۵ĹԣԻһ᲻ɴݵĹ֣Ͼųǳ׻С
׺
˵Ҫ򺣡

ɵľˣǾָĺҲָƽϾųǵĹԶԶصӳڲˮ棬ҡҡҷҷȼյĻ档ĸվڻ֮⡣
Ϸͷ¶ؿڵ˫⡣
Ҷü
ĵ̾˿û뵽ڶҹһˣ㡣
һ磬üԶԶػɳȥصײϺеһʯظ֮䣬Ӳβ˺һڣอ/⡣ɫĻзӿڣɡڡ
䣬üЦĵЦӢϵƯҽü
üҲסΪʲôҪʫ㲻Ǻô
Ϸľȣȵʶ֣ûü
ڶΣڶеĿĲٿءһµ֮ߵգɽĵһšʲôˣٱ̳ŮӣһԴĵĴ裬ȻҲңȻҲĿߣ
пյøɸɾ
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Һ޵ĲʫҺ޵۵ɽҺ޵θ͸͸ˣ˰Լ͸ˣ;˶һȫûʲôõĶ
Ϸ΢΢ü
üͫӳǰ˸ȼյͭǸ˴ӦģҪȼɽ󣬰޵ȫյˡŽʯֱ
ʫע֪pĻʹǹΪʼնݵѧ
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ңǧ򲻸ãյ¸ҡΪȻ㲻ܣȻȷ˳ɹѹΪʲôڶγԣ
Ц
ƶĽԶﶮ񣡡
ɿס֣žΨİҡҡλεվתͷһһˮ⡣ٻһԳǰ
紵üɢһҳеУеƮƮ֪
糾ŮӣΪ˷糾
Ψջ֣תϷ
Ϸγ칤նڼϵѪֶ˳ȥ
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ɱУΨ칤ֹһε֣ÿÿƾЩ˿Լƴ
һΡ
ڵĻüҶӿЩ˿Ѹնϡ
ƯüϷγһҶϵĻ־ľͷһѸٽڣȼ´´࡭ϧǸ֪ɻʮޡ
һ˿նϡ
Ϸʬ롣
칤ȳһڻƬѪһ֣ʬ뽫ͽʬ칤Դϴˢ칤ǧĳ衣񖎣лԶҲùǧǧķĹ
аǹ׹һʧȥƿصĲϡ
칤ҵ
칤͵̾˿ǹҲ
Ϲ
һͷΨĬĬעǰ˸κȻͭ칤ǰȥļ̤ϡˣͽ壬ǽɻĸͰ׵۸߾񷣬ʫһС
ʣµĸˡ
̤УɵϣоԼ·һָں̫
̫Ծˮ棡
Ψ칤ͬʱ̧ͷϾųǵͬʱ̧ͷ˵ͫ׶ȻһɽķǧĺˮңڳɸǽֺȻ䣬ǧɵĽץϸա
ʱ磡
쳹أǽڵУһֻ
һֻ࿹
ŮĸԻtֹ¡
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Ŀõڶֻ֮ڿն˲䣬ΨȻϷеġɻʮޡָʲô׵ۺĸȵʲôڵȣȳ۹Ť񷶥ĻŤչȽҹն
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ȿΪβԣɺе˵, Ȼ̫, ҲҪֻҪѽɱ˾СƶɮΪԤ׵Ĳ, ɻˡ
תͷ, ɫ
֮ؼڽڡʮ, ʩ, ȱһɡûֻ, ʩ޵ҹһɱ־ͻ׹麣, ǧ꣬ҹһ׹䡭麣˲ɽ˵޴
ɺлһ仰û˵ʮϢϢأǣһȫ
һɣʮһҲӭ츲صĴ󶯵
½һƬհס
ʲôҹ˵ʲôɱ׺ʲôѵͷһŬǳЦô
࣡
ӺȻضе̡
ˣڱ仯
½ƣü˵ʲôδʵôܿأͷӦӵ̬ǾĿһĲźͿϲ͵һһ෭ȥе̡
ֻԭָʱָ룬΢زһ£ƫתתһ̡ˣϵİ鼫ɬת·ص̱ǧһ𻺻ƶǣ̵ĺκɢһ֡
͵̧ͷǡ֮࣡
Υ
֮Ϊ档
Ͼųǣɽӣһ֮ǰҹɱƴȻһδ֮ࡣУ춨ˣ˶ﲻɵȻϵĶɱˡ

ʱ䱻ƳһӣȥŹһӣϾоˣ޾оˣҪڵķȥҪϢǡ
ܳͣ
Ҫ˭֪࣬Ҫʲô࣬ὣεɽѸϸ߿ա
һս
۵ĸʮָ⣬۽ǵһƱŭ죬ԼʫǸɣ
ӢһϹͷ߸ϱϻˣǾľһҲðصƬɽ󣬸Զ뽣
ʮʽĽϻ𣬹ȸᣬڰһܣֱ䡣
ɽ
ڶϻľ£ָƶꡣ
ɽ仴档
ī糤
ɽ͡
ɽ롣

һҲһƵĻǱãõַ·ԼԼѾ̤ĹȻ˿̣Щȥĵȥ̣ͭ
ӿհ׷
統ꡣ

ĸŭָ߳һһתƺӿߵֳһߣ۳һţ¶ڰһһصĺ˵ʮɶ
һɽɡɶɡΪӿİ˱иѣֳķ
βϯһβɡ档
뵹ɶ
ͳжȥ
仴ƿĿȱβϣīֱ̤ϣת˲ִףһԾ𣬵ڿһȻԲŨīը಻һһڣɢΪˮ
īնףϻس档
˵ʮͬ³ϻʮʵĳһһңƿĸ
ĸòڳ֣Ʒֻ
һ飡
ڶ飡
飡

ʮıײϵ顣
ֱӭսʢŭ״̬µĸһڸϲᵽʫӭսһսжտɲܵгǵĹ֮ʿĲ𣬾ͺñ뷲˵Ĳ
ʮı½飬߸ͬʱѪ˿׹档ն׵仴༱ɣԸ߿£һѾס졣
ĸԶĶʮ½ƣֽӽ˲䣬ԭסtҧסݺ˺ҧĽڵ϶ϵ̫ɳתΪŭᱬǧڻڵ
tᣬҡֱԹŹֵĽЪ
·ܵεѹƣ糱ˮֵ˲ٶȱ·Ҫڳѹס
tֹ£
еôҲ˼Ϲ£
һ𣬿丸칤ڸ߿գѪɫĴ󸫱ճ硣
㣡
ƿնͬʱt񱳺Ѫ칤Ȼ޴󣬿ǧɵ֮ȣСɳɳոն£tȻһֹ칤ѡĽǶȼΪ꣬Ѫպÿͷķ϶Уtÿͻǣڹؽҽ
ȻΪˡ
tڸ߿ռٷǧƣҪ˦ڱϵó档
ĸһֿ⣬һָ£ճ칤һΪһ͸ɷط塣칤Ȼ¡˫֣ѧĿ丸ϣɽȻʱѪtЯ
Ҫôٻطɸɥʧ֮
ҪôɽѪԱɳ
ƺط䡣
⡣
һ߽¶ϣɽȻΪ롣
Ψһƿɽ壬Ƭֱ̲ͣȥ˲Ϣ䣬ͬʱӳǧ򵶣㣬ͬʱն顣ڵȥ˴룬Ȼһᡣţĳᡣ
ǧ˫ĵٴα
ΨҪȥնһ칤һϹ
һյĺӰt˦ѪЯһˮڡֻͬȻɱʱǵ˫ñǧɳƬķСǰں󡣾ΨûлͷƽƽƳ
һƬѪɽա
칤ײΨϣһ𱻷ײ÷ɳΨһᣬǿֹסΡ͵תһؿ׳ƬƬ칤ιιιûҿҪˣ
ޣ
칤³һѪؿڵѪ׻䶯ţظԭ񲫻ķ飬ող칤Ψһ£ʱΨѾʬˡ
㻹ǷһһأӶ
ûͺá
Ψ·˳ȥ˵칤ֻȺģһսʵǹΪˡΨԼһλӵӷеļ϶дҪȥնһ
˲䣬Ȼе˫һ縺Ρɽ
һ飬¶ݵļ米米ϼѪŤɽ֮أվתɽ϶һ㱻ѹգֱĸͻֻʣһ
һŹ
гһŹ
۹ʱ񷶥飬ŹֵɲǣĻ׹۹ϣءİ׵ۣĻȴǲ֪ʲôֶΣ˼䡣
ʮ

һ֣ڤڤлһĨް
ް䵽ϣһ֧ڵĳ۹ǰȡΪǹֶαȵkӹ죬ʱճҹߵֱӳȡȡʱΪҹ磬԰⡣
Ψһյְڵ棬ᵶǰ
ˡ
ʫûˣôˣ
ݵָһһ㻬棬ԱӢã˺·;ԶྲáпƤ⣬ѪпڣŮӳҹһĨױƽƶ
İ׵ۣ̫ھΨȻֳ
ǧƽ̳һۡ·ǧԾַ·һӿϣԼӿˡײʮѹһȥǧ
ɿ֡
һʱ
ҡ
ʱ֮ռŤŽһɢ⡣أһһرӿΨڻӵϤ֮Ҳ֪ٵնĹʼֻһ㣬ȫʱļ⡣
ȻһʱǾǧ򵶣򵶣
Ŀʫһ
ʫҪ̽˼նϣֻҪ֤ܹ
֮ڼף
ǧ

ʮ
һѪΨһǹƻУ˵ɳ֪꣬˲Ϣ䣬顣˲䣬ʱļű飡
ΨһСʯӣӸ߿׹䡣
ڳһ
ڶʱ¡
ҡ
ڱص̫ĵ˫Ҫܿһt֮ƣܴ˲ΨͫһԼ飬Ҫȥһ֧ΪԼӣʵֻ׹
ʱ䡣
ડ
ϾųǸ©䡣
һѹ
ء
һߺᴩǧŭ߿գĻȻ߸߳ʩϵѹȻһᣬΨԶ仴桭˵ͫͬʱӡһߺ⡣
гʱ顣
ʮϵָһ٣ĸϵȻһƬհףtᵹǧΨڷϲ˫ᣬԥӭһ⡣ôϲãϲõܻ᲻ᱻնˡ
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77 һݺǧ
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ĸӡ𱡵ƵӰ
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˲Բ
ڽ֮ϡ
һֹâɵ̫һ̫һƽһߡݣ, ޳ָһ㱡Ľ⣬˺Ʋ񷽵ٵĳ۹һ
ͫڶӡӰ
ࡣ
죬޵, ˣ
ĸϵãȥ, Թһ߳
ˡĵ˵Цڻ
ĻȻչ
ĸһֱ, ȼڿһѵ늹⡣⼱ת, ǧ֮ڵƺתһ޴С
ҲеĲΧ
ĸȥܻ, ȥԼ㲻Խ, 㲻㷸ϣֻ˵һʼ, ûʵ׷ָҲ, ֿ۹ɱʫҲ, ǽ޳˫ȣ߾ƶ˸ЦȻذЫ˹õֶΡֱ𱡵Ƴֵһ, ŶȻ
ǧݣǧ늷պᣬƵ罻ǵؽ𱡵С
أ罭ʯе
Ϲҡ
ϵ˼˱ǧ󣬵ҲδѤõеƶɫÿһƶǧձһƬĿǿУÿ˶ȱ˫ۣͽԶʧȥӾ
ȻǱۣǰããһƬ
ֻΪϸߵһˣǿյսһЩ¶ãŭĸչֳʵѾ󣬶ɱȴٵò˼飬һЩ¶˼ƺڿ²ʲô
Ψ칤סľΨɫ
мٽɱĸӰƬڴĿĻʧǧͬʱ𱡵ӿȥ˲䣬ڰףǧɵ˫ȻҽһȼѪһĻӿ˳˫壬ĵһһңнС
бг룬ձг롣
ͼ˲䣬ĸڳ𱡵ϷֱȴǿڸԼ٣иϢĪ⡣
ָɵĸմ𱡵ͷ

ֵ̫һײ
ĸһձ˲չԥطҡһ̣һӹխխĺӡۣ۽ǵ
⻡бնƺ
𱡵û׷
ӱյò԰ֽĸһֵȻûԸĵȴ͸̫һ𱡵Ƶұ΢ز
ô֡
ĸɤƮ
һƲǴӴдģȻ֪˭ʲô취û˱ǸƳʲôӡδδ͸ҳɱȻͷˡ
ĸƴЦ

𱡵޶ԡ
ĸ늹ƻһݺύͼˮӲ𣬲ƺƣֹݣڵĻΪ̡ϴһȦȦɷɵļջ˲䣬
ǿɣﶬĽ
ŭ
𱡵ƿŵֳϾųңңһѹ
򽣳ʡ
ϾųУɽͨӣͬʱʧȥ彣ƿء
гͬʱͬʱն񽻵㡣ХУ˲Ϣ顣˲䣬늹˿δɢڽϸߡ𱡵һ۳һ޽ָһ㣬һĸ
ϾųУֻҪǸʿʶ̧ͷȥһԷһ
ȥݺǧ
ĸȡ
תһ׹򻡻ΣصذȻࡣ򽣹һһײһϵ飬һҲϵ飬ĸθŲϱˡ
һ飬ĸͫӡӭĲ޽
һ
𱡵Ƶһ󣬺һΣֱƾǰС̫һʹڰһ϶ѩߡӭһǰ㼤Ĺ⡣
ʱǡ
ǰ֧ʱȣʱԵõ͵࣬ڿоʱûһۼͨڣΨмһ΢Ĺ⡣Ȼٶޱȣת˲𱡵θճʱǱ㵽ǰ
̫һ𽣡
ŷӿڴӵ
ʽʱײһɲԳ𱡵ΪģԲͬʱһƳīҹٴε߸Ͼųе˲ΪߵͣȫԿ̽еɱǽϣӽŵصͷ̣Ȼطȫʧ
ûΪɵ
ֻûްʱǡַΧĳ𱡵ȴǧǳʱٽб䣬Ⱥǣ£ǻõʱ̡ʱΪǡڵĻ׺ǡ
ֹʮš
š
貵þһ׷Ρ
ǺӻǧǧꡭֻҪһֱѣһֱȥʱǱʽնģԼȥģǧǳڿйػƣγһĻΡ
ϵ£Ψһ˵ĻΡ
Ҳ
ǳΧУ̫һͣڰա
֪ǿͣ
ǹֱǧǳ䣬ɱɭȻ
ӽϸߴ̳ްʱȴ͸ơһ̣ǧƶ
α
̫һ
ηתͷհ
ϳУΪԶսĲɺ˫ֺʮʹ˫ۣᣬš
߿ա
һһۣ
̫һƻļͷˮ˳𱡵Ƶࡣɫƽƺȳ𱡵ƾȻܶȻȥǳ˽˲ͬʱײһͬʱԷ˳ϰ
ʱһ̧һ㡣
ھһǧˮм䣬ֱڡ𱡵Ƴһ㣬ƮȻƻʵ䵽ˮףһ̤ɢһƬˮ
𱡵ƴˮֱڶȥ
ֻ֪ʱڽεһս
ƺڤڤ֮ƶ̣ɢķǣƿءôһ̴ڣôսһ񡪡ڷѾ˺ۣ

ͬһʱ̣ңԶĿɣ
Բɣľ˼չ֦ɡǵռʮѾ㹻ȻȻϵһɣռȴȻ޷嵽ж
֦䣬ͨ´Ȫɣڼתɫ̽ɣ֦򶤽棬򶤽աʮΡʯľΪԲģȾ
ʮɣʯ̨ء
ڻ̫˫Ƶ̫Ϊףصİ߰մС壬ݸߵ;Ȼʯϡ¹͹峤һءػ̨Եݣƣٲתᡣ
߽עƣ͹̤ŹŲͳйϵ
̨תʶ۸ӵݲϣԲԷɣӿ¹䡣¡¡Ȼճ²ҧ֮󣬺Ȼֹе˸
͹ʶֹͣ

̫峤ɫ䡣
͹Ǳ˴˿˿һЩ˼һЩ˳ɲ
һļ͹Խڶ˫ֱۣˣܼչíϣ˵ңʱǿǣڻعζ˼ڣҪȾ죬У°˿У£»ǻҵģ첻
ϼ͹۾΢ġ

̫峤彣һѽݵϼ͹
죬ѩļ͹һ̤Ųճ²ϱŽǻںлת
̫峤עľɣ
tʧٺʮڤµ쳣Ѿŵע⡣Σ˻ǰнںûعλϣѾˣ
Զ
ϼ͹˫ĿԲѪһȾ۰£ɣӡǵͫʺ﷢죺
첻ԡ
£

ûǰȥس𱡵ơ
վٴȡʮչֻгĸǰ֧ȣһîʱΪԵҲЩîʱԭΪճ֮ܳ޼ԭУîʱɻޡ
һ֧
Ҳǿһ
îʱĺ
ôˣ㻹Ϊۡ
îʱĺңֱҲʼѡʮһֱָ𱡵ȥȽڶϾ˼ĺ󱳡
𱡵ûлͷ
ҽ¡
̾
ͻȻ
ʮϸġꡱɣҪǰ㹻ͬʱɱ𱡵ƵһѾˡʮǶʮųʯͬʱ飬۵ĹâƬŹâŤ顣
â֮ǰӹ顣
ֻŨһұ糺쵶Ƶɨ
ӹһ˿Ȼ
ɽδ֮ǰعͨгǵܹԲɽΪݣߵϡܶϾ֣Ҳ޷˼䣬ͬҲ޷˼䡣
۹һ˺񷣬ͨ硣
ʮ˼䣬ʺͳ۹޼
ڣںһͨµš۹˺񷣬ܵεĹһͨŴһűҵ飬ʮͻ˲
ɳ𱡵ôƶʦһܹîʱĺ֮ǰããгɹҵŲٵ
îʱĺʮ׷飬ΪһƬõɫС
ϾųС
Ψ۽ǵƳ̫ʱվڷϣͷ˫۽ŽڵƶһѹֲסĵЦݡΨһ֧壬Ҫǿվ칤һϣס˿ڡ
칤һ߹עϵһ߲ͷʣŻ˰
ȥǼһ
ΨＷ
˵ˣ칤Ƴһ̩Ȼ̫ʱˣʲôɱ˵ˡ칤ЦһɽҲûﵽסߣ̫ݡ
칤ԣΪԭŹɽϺ͵ǣǼ̫ϡһ˽ĸϰγݱؽ̫ʱͬһλ̫ԪΧס
̫ʱߵЦʧ
ҵ˵󣺡ƾ޾ݣʱٵ̫ϣɣ𣿡
ͬ峤Ӷ̫Ԫˮԭ벶ȸںĵ⾡ʧʫһᾫȨɽԼѾ˲ٱ仯
ƾݣ仴Ц̫ݣɽʲôﲻ𣿣
īʡ
Ψѵתͷա
ư㻷ƽڣųĿ⣬һȦһȦս̫Ľ˫ᱻ£类֮һһرǣţƫ򵹡ѪڵĻӿµ䣬麣棬˲ããһƬ
ڳ𱡵ƵִǰʱһڵӰӺԤ׵س⣬Яķ硣
̫һᡣ𱡵˳ɡ
һĸڰգ˫ϲɼǵ˺ۡ޵Ӵ뱻ϸ𸲸ǡոճ𱡵һĹͼ
ºûȥЭҲûȥػڽڸȴ𱡵Ͷ

ڱ΢ĸУϸӣڿɲ͸Ĺޡ
ȳ𱡵ƻشŭĴµ˻Դ
Ȼôܲ
νһΣֱӳڳ𱡵ǰб
Ҫ¹زͻȥ
ΰ󰡣ʥͣ
̫һײ̶һϢŽʮĻǡӽ𱡵ڵͫס
ãʲôʲô
ײ
ĸӱ̹ǵԹ޺ĳŤЩԹ޽֯꣬󱬷ŭ˫Ȼչǧ𻯼˷𱡵Уԭء
ǵʲô
ָţצץ𱡵ơ
˵
˷𣬳𱡵Ʊ޿ɱܡ
һ߱ؽī糺¶ӹ
ĸԭըɢһĵسڰ֮⡣Ŀӹǰ糵һ߿һЦɱ˾Ůáãټ
עʦӳĵڶӰͫһ˿Ц⡣
ܵøҡһ𰸣
糵ҡ
ĸӰǧ㣬ԲԹЦĸ˿˲䣬𱡵ѾޱسƽڵĹâ
̫һն
ϣ


78 ಻
ɣ
ɣľϽ׵ƺȻת, ڳƲճ²ϲϱŽ⡣˲¡¡У֦㴩һһ۽늻յ˵ײϡ
ô£
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̫峤üͷһ, ǰ̽ı档ƸոհʱֳȳĹļ͹һѪŲȻһϡ

̫峤ԴԴϵעУĿŤͷ͹Ǻ
˭ͣ˭ǿɣͽ
һӷɣľϹ, СС׵Ӱϵ߹ʯ̨ĺڸ峤ɫĺУսάת
Ϣήҵļ͹ģѵжӡ
һճ
꣡
һ߸ߵա
ˣһӴ, ˣ
̫峤͵ػͷͷɲ, µİʯ۵Ĺâϸ˾ıдʯ̨һ֪˭ȿ޺һҪˣ, ˷ӡ
޺, һӶرϡ
رɽݡ
ǧİʯȻ, һʯг
ǧ
硣
һɮһ, Զɣ졣ɮòƽƽݿ, ޻, ΨвдѪζķĵǵ䡣һ, һӺŽɢȥ
ӷ𣬡ɮ˫ֺʮ, ա
ˣƲˡϵհ˷ʮޡʮ֪ˡ鷳ˡ
ɮҡףһΪǹۡ
ǹۣϵЦɽسǷǹ̫ۡһ߷磬Ƿǹۡʮ޾Ƿǹ̫ۡھ׷ɣǷǹۡôػһǹۣ
ɮĬȻ
۹۹ۣľɹףϵЦӺࣿ޳ӻ磡
Цϵһһ񣬷һַֿԲġ
࣬Թ࣬Ρ
޳ʦףĿ
һСׯׯǾŮĸˡϡŮ˽Ŀף˫ȫڣԳн࣬ȥǧꡣȻн˳ȣȮţһˡھ˵̫ž˱նһ棬֪˭ƽɱ˰˸֣
Ϊ
Ϊ
ꡣ
Թ壬ԩѽⰡ
޳ʦ
ϥʼ䣬Щǿоǧκ⡣ϽɫĹϷ
鶡ʮ꣬ա
ӹģ޳硣

Ͻ塣
Ϩ𣬵ѹ̡
̳µŮ̻̲֪ʽΪθվһ룬жˡ
ǡ
ʧô
еʮûһλ¼̳һ
ȫ㶵ڼ̳ϣ߶ڼ̳еһߡӹˣ˭Ҳûع˭ҲŸոԼʲôгһģӰָ棬ߣֻͷһۡ
Ӱѹ
Ϩʽжϡ
ӳֵʧֻж̶һɲǣһɲǣꡣ
񰡣
ȳȣײײسֻ»ҽĲлȥȥǰһع£ץһһ
ô𣿡
ֿЦӡ
ˣ
˫ֲΡΡժߣϱӰ㵽ĵطһ졣ؿǵ죬ݺᣬ͵ת߸߸߾𣬾񷣬̳·
ˣ
Ļˣ
٣ŮһһޣһЦЦɳɤӣף裬һ׶ȥﾪʱ֣Χĸ衣
ɡ
񡣡
羲ɽ
⣡񰲿
ףӲף費ǰӻ֮裬ǿ֮裬ף֮裬Ƿףĸ衣
񰡣ϣ֡
񰡣ϣɰ㳤١
񰡣ϣԶ޲֡

Ļǡ


һնϣնŵѪ̫һһʦչ˫ۣ𱡵ײһ׹䡣ǧɵ˫񣬴ǡǽס
ɰɣȥѲ
𱡵ֽڼҵë˵
ƫͷԵʦ壬ʦһۣ۽ޣһԲע԰׵֡
ڷԲ͵΢б˫ӥǰлһߡ̫ˣƽȵط⺣֮ŨճչһƬһƬصȼԶɹǧ
һҹĺڰ
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һһƣĵվһҹϳǽϣԡӱƳͭ
Ψ칤ļǿվֱ
ʣһͬĴ˰ɣΨһĻɽ󣬵׻ǲǵɽ󣿡
ϡش
ǡ
ɽ󣬻ɽ
ɽ࣬׺ݡ
˵ʲô칤û壬رԹУҵʹϽһ̱ȥ˵ţ칤Ҫ˦صϣһ˦ӣ˾һΣһӷϹȥһײϲǽһײ϶ϱڡ
칤סͷҪɫһ䣺ιιιɽģϻ𣿡
϶ڻ𶯣𶯴ÿ˵Ľŵ״
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ݳ¶ϲɫ
ٸ
ٸɹˣ
Ͼųǰθ߽ʮɣˮӳǽԵٲ¡
ףĿŭ
ϾųΪģһȦһȦɢεںչֹ֮Ъ˳ƽϢ麣꣬羵˻𶯳ģĹؼص
ǽ绺򿪣ˮ浤ԣꡣ
̫
ſ
СһѴһ˻Ƶغ𳿺ĺţһһƵСʻɲʬʻĳʻδɢĺ棬ʻԵԶ
ոͷ
ƲһܣȦϾظ졣
𱡵ƺʦڲ麣棬ڳǽ֮⡣
һڶǧͬʱ𺽣ϵڷ⣬ǧ̫Ⱥ۴صİ˸ͭػֽƣ˷Ҫȥ˼ȼ
кôѣ
ôѣһһ
ɽɽô߼ӣ
ɽôӣһһߡ

һ߸չ⡣



79 ̫
Ӿ
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ĩˣкϥƮƮ
һתþ, ĺУһ˦, һ̧ӳʯıڵϺһʪġˮְ׽һԵĴ¨
лϡ
ˮͷ¨
¨Զ׵ĵӻطᡣ
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ʦͷ, ˵, ȥ̤ɽ
¨ʦֿضų, ĥͷСӲΡôȥñȽˣ
ʱһȮ̤ݵرߣٶԶŵӡ
ʦʦǼ״ѵԵʦʦãܵöǿ죡ܣʦʦ¶ɫһӿ첽ȻŨأɽƵһǺʱ˷
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뵱ҲֹƭϣްȮҪŶɲˣǻʲôã֪ôѺö˶Ȯó
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¨ʦּװû
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ϾȻ뽭ˣ
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ӻͷ¨ʦ彭ϴ󺰣ϲڣ½ȥ򣬾Ͷ㣡ԣ˶ʱȻ
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̫ҵѧʱܱŵѸ٣ŵ̤ϽŤŤԼײɽʱ̫ҵһ㶼ؿмתˡ
һ˦β˦Ϥڿռĸо
ʱ
¨ʦּԼʦҡҡڰڣֻһߵĩˡ
ʦʦ֣ʦһ˷ܣ㿴

¨ʦַ֦һҳľдһᡣ
ˣ£ǱǮƺˡ
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ɱڡ
¨ʦĿࡣ
һ̫Ұʮһһλϣʮһһ˳ɽ־мعһΡ
һΣھ׷ɣ
ǧһε̫ҡ
žŰʮһ壬һ岻һ岻١

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ʮģʮݳüͷ΢΢һ£ʲôЦžŰʮһ壬һҶȥ
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Ⱥƽʱӣ˵οɣֱӰѻյСʦˡλ̫ҵ۰ݳϵ
Ҳǣ߸ϵͷϵĵӳƬ̣̫ڰʮһ嶼ҲãȻֻɽ֧֣»ǲô
ǳ޴ĽѾ죬ŭķƽϢȴϯ˼䣬ʮʮͬʱ
޽ϵնϺ޽ڲٷɻؿɣתԖΪԼϢء޽ϢصıʹһĿǰɽɢصȫжڲµ֮졣仯֮ˣеϲеĵǡϲǣӴԺճ䣬ܿɣԼǵǣµǰͬ˭Ҳ֪Ϊĵ죬ǰǺǻ
֮ˣľ͸ˡ
Ϊ̼ģʮԼʮˡǰԸ޸˶Ŀã̫Сʦ治ܹնһڡ
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˭ල˭Լ
ʮ޵ĸŹϵͺ͡ŽᡱϹϵ򡰼족һ£ܹԿɣʱͳһ̬ȡ̫չ¶µ֮ƽ֮顣
֮⣬ɣʧأ̻ʮޣٴ궯ʮ޲ð
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֮ǰһж簵ӿ
İ߸ϿЦ⼸Ӧû취˰ɡ
ܰ͹ˡݳߣŻˣеó΢̫ЩһܿԣܾͲϡֻɽֿ֧²̫ں͹ҩʲô̬ȡ
˵ҩȣˡ߸϶һ£Ŀڣ̷Ѿڻ·ˣձ㵽
˵ôЩϼһݳ̧ͷһͭôȥ̷˰ô
ˮ΢ͭӿһӰͭǰȥˣһ
߸ϱ˱ۣɬû
ûû
ͷͷӣˣ˵С˰ɡɤȻֹմ龳гվڷϣ㵵ػܡ
ҵأ
˻ش

չƫתӰб
ͭͶµӰˮͭԵӿһظһأֹݡһСεߣһһµʯȥСϿ
ԾǶԣǴﵱնй꣬գѽӲļ࿪һЦͷӣԭһֱǵãһΪˡ
ˮ
ϡڽ̵ԣǡ
һһ̨㣬ʫ߶߶ĳĳΣĳĳΣòͷˣ
ˡ
˰ɣҰʱ콾񶼷һ˺ѹû֡
СӣԺ֪ˡ
һնһɽ
ͷӣԭ˵ĺ
ԺȥҴţƤ˵ҵ˭˭˭һƬۣĽԺҲû˸˵ҵˡ
£ź棬һ
ͷӣǶ˵硣
ôû


80 Ҵߡ
Ҵ龳ҲѧϷ
, ˽Ϊ, 麣ϳһ޴УбԵĺˮȺˮģֳˮХֱ
ˮء
Ƭ̺󣬲ŻΪͷ䡣
粻ʡ
ͭӰں棬ˮֽ, ÿһˮ鶼ӡһƬͭĹ⡣ģģ
NɪġĨһϵĺˮˡô磬Ҳûү㳶ƽˡ
ͷ·εδˮ, վչΡ׳Ͼųȥ
ɽҴҵ, ͷһܸɳɶҲ֪İ, ܲЦҡ
һ, ͣ, ͷ
, ʲôҪҿȰס, ͷԼš
潥ƽϢ, ͭž
˺ܾúܾ, üͷһپ䲻ǵϢСô, ʮҸŮˣôͷȴҪ
ôõģ

һʪصϳǽȻڱһ͵תͷǽ¥տҲֻɽӦ˾Ӹոֱ

ĿհףһʶӦ˾ӿеġָԼӦֻ³ͷ³ǽʱͻȻһ£һͷ档첲˾ס
ô
½ӳǸӰСʡ
ôˣ
սܴиûȶԦˮְ˼죬ˡ
¦סһ첲˿ϡ
û°ɣ
½ƾԼֻشʮһɡҽģһʲôûƳֻ¦
˯С
¦һذѱüȦϣɽķȥ¦챻үʱѿ˵Ǿ䡰ļܣұصļҡһ㲻١
½Ŷһġ
үӲ麣ϻͻԲѣĳλԵʮ֮˭Ҳܽȥ½ЩͷţǱ߿û߿¡¦Ψһһ˻ģͭǰ˶ãҲڳǽ˶á½ɺлаسǣһһҲ
һҹʫ򺣣¦Щӳǽֱˤȥɺ˲԰׵ûһѪɫȻԼˣôʫҲֻжڼĸɣʱ½ûټ¦ʧ̬ӣѸٻָӡ
ģڳôλϣûһλ˵
¦ش
侲ǡ
ϾųǲۺǰƽٵٵǳأھѾ˴롣ɽķѾɨˣ¥̨ͤ紺εأ֮ǰĸ¥ȣЩ½ĽЩӣҪ޸ԭȵĽͼҪϺüĹϸĻһЩʯҵ׵ĺۼ
ִʱɺдϢ꣬׼ȥ½İ࣬һԺţӭһ¡
ӷ𣬡ɺпʩǡ
½Ҫش𣬾ˡһ¦һֱӵԺſˡ½һͲɺһæҵذѹϵɺи¦˵ûãֻ˼ȣ˥
¦Ӱ¦ӣ㻹磬ûѪԵ׸硣½Цá
Ͳɺһ𣬰˽䡣
¦˵Ҫһﱾ֣˴龳ʹתʵ֣첻ԲҲûñǰݡ½ͲɺǰնˣͰһ˲˻ûָ˰úã۵òᣬԿǽһ͵Ϣ
˻
У½Ȼʣ˵ѧô
ɺתͷ
½ͷ͸ϸľڵϵ顣
ӷ𣬡ɺ룬Զ亱ҲûСֻǡ
ֻҩӶΪɣһȡ֪½΢΢ûаĺõȥЩ˺ء竣Ҳúõȥֻ롭ӵăPɽȻ
Ժֶ񶼿ɱİɣ½ŤͷɺС
ɺзҩСӵĿȻǳҲǳ
ûгЦɺеͷ
£һеġ
½ץץͷЦЦ
˻ᣬɺ̿ڣʵƶɮո˵ֻǶƺҩѡ˵һ룬ɺиĿڣ½ⷽ츳Ҳһ
ͺ¿Ϊҡ
ӷ𣬡ɺһϣƶɮֻĽֻشʮһʢӡ

½˸ۡ
ɺת飬׼ʱȻԱߵ½͵͵˵
Ҳǲѧҽǲˡһ˶ȡ
ɺתͷȴ½ڴ⣬֪ʲôĿնɺп½վһ䡰ȥʰӳүûͼҴҵˡɺ飬ѡ
ӰӣѰ
ѡ

͸ĻĻӰͶϡ
𱡵˯в˸𴲵ءһֻǽڷԱʦ忿ڴͷϣݴӰͷۿϵľˡ
ǰ𱡵Ƴڷɣֱ֦СʱʦܵȥһȥȥôҲʱӰ룬ô
ʦָⴥ𱡵۽ǵĻӰġ
ôãܹҪˡ
վ
ˮͣˡ
ΪʲôҪֹʽʦʣˣ
ûеõش
𱡵ûļ󣬶ʦҲֻûѵʱʡЩʱʦʵǼǵõģЩʱֺʲôǵáʦϣʲôǵáʲôˣõġ
ϣʲôǵãϣʲôҪˡ
ϣ޲֣ϣҸ֡
Ҵߡʦ˵塣
ǡߡͶǿӲ
ϣգյ˺£һָⴥһֻΪӰ׿ϣڵȴһֱӴߡʦָ˳бϸ֦ĵӰ£ڴǵʱ򣬺Ȼסˡ
ûأӿ̿
𱡵ۣƯĺͫһ⡣
ʦ岻˵һ𱡵ɿ֣ƿĿ⡣ûָصĻӰʦ֣ĽһЩָڴػȥס֣ȷϲǰҲûɿ
𱡵̧ۿ
ˣɻߡʦ崹ۿûжܣľɽˮʯֻȥŻ֪ʲôʲôСҲ봥Ҳ֪
봥ľΪ֪һ˴ʱĸܡ˲ˣʲô壿
Ҳ봥
ֻ봥㡣
Ҵߣִ֣Ҵ塣


81 ٿ
𱡵ָһ, һ
ƿĿ⡣
ʦ岻˵ִصش
֮ǰ, ûΪʲôѷǰɷѿһ˵·𱡵˵˵ʲôӥЦӥίأһʲôùͷﶪ
ʦסӲָ
Ҿ񖎣Ϊ̫, ҲϲҾpǣΪ⣬⿴ĸ˵ҰͷϡȻЦϽҶû, ֵõЩ
չƫת϶
һ߹бͫ, ֳ롣
Ӱɱ
Ц, ûϵ
ʦסһ߹⡣
𱡵ƲЦˡ
һ᣺㽲Ϸɡ
ʦ͵͵Ӧһ
һ׺׵Ϸ, 𱡵, ָ䴲, һˡͷǻӣһеɥȮ, ѡĳӢ, עΪӢ, עΪʥ͡Ϸжף׵տͷھ֪, м˹򵹶ٴζνβһâɣơ
Ӣۣˣעʥ͡
ΰ󡣡
ֲֻЪ˹ĸ·Ѿȫˣ·ֻһ·żȻķӡ
ɹֻһʱ
һʱ˿ӣôһ
ڴֵһ̣Ӣٹڴӵ׶֮أ
֮أ
ףʥ󡣡
𱡵ЦЦЦţȻץסأ罫֮ҡչŮŤǰķָ⣬˷ǼҲ޿ɱܡ
ֻˡ
ʥͣ
ߵִ٣ߵĶߵĲ꣬Ȼһں׾ǶĹס
Ҵߡ
ʦ彫ݵؽ·ȥꡣ
Ҫ߿ɲףȷ
š
򵥵һ֣麣ϰµһҹ۴ȥˮľͷķֽ磬˼ıԵߣ硣𱡵Խʦļ򣬿ĺĻӰ͸ĻӰľء
չģӰġ
á
ʦһ˲ûʶԼʲôһɲƫͷȥ𱡵ƿ㶵ãı飬ȻЦƿվ磬һ̤õ
վָⱻյ͸
ؿŴ⣬Ӱ볤硣
ʲôϵЦȻתֻǸ竲ôоžŰʮһˣĺĹѺ󣬳Ժ޶ʥͺһʲôϵ
۽üҶģֻǸеʮ꣬첻˵ء
ߡ
ߡ
վԭأֵݸʦ塣
ʦס֣񿪷š
ĵת˲ϯܣľԻӰ䣬пƲ۵ĳͬʱڵءӹϾųǵϿգ˷п̽ӵĿͬʱնϡ̽˲Ϣ֮串
ǹڰе˷׷˳ͼ˵ȥ
Ըڸɣ޸
ǰפϵŵ޵̼ͬʱյһƵһǰδе˼պյŵһ̫ڣ˼ɶɽһ̫ҳ𱡵ļȫ֪ͨ
̶죬˷Ѿϱһ
⼱¡
飬Ӱɡ
ʦȥ糵ϵѪ۽𱡵Ƶ֣ӹ֡Уһ̽һοٴеļĿꡪϣɭȻֲаħͷֻһλ˺һұ޵ꡣ
ʮָۣط
ķ𶯡
һʱϢϷת˲ɣϣʮţ麣ʮ
ڿնŲͬڲĻ

칤һ߿˾Ψţֶľ̳סקôҴߵʦǸӣ㡢ģȻԼԶǣ
ô
Ψƽ͵̯֡
ҲǹҲôù
칤м𣺡͸øң칤ɽھԸϵù
ϵùʲôΨʣ̫ҵСʦ棿̫Ҷûԧ죬Ϲʲôģ
칤һ
̫ʹߡ̫Ұʮһ壬ͲμŻ˵ģ칤ɿ죬ǴһʼǴܵġ
ǡ
Ψûзϡ
ʦǸӣҲҪŷ裿칤ʣ̫Ĵɵڶ壿ǣţ̫ҵһûɵ̫һ̣أһʦ壬ĸܹ̤Ͻ벽
˵ˣΨϥ̫óΪµһаŵ׼
ˣ칤ͺȣ˵̫ܹ׶ǨΪʲôźʮЭ飡ѪսƣŵߣźʮЭͷˣ
˶٣žΨ۾
ʮǰ̫ҺκʮͲص½Э齫ǵ˻ȥЭˣǴôǵȥ
ʮ̫Ұʮһ壬ǵסġ
㣡칤ۣǼֱһȺΪ˾Ǻ£ʦĻס
ϾǺ£Ψʣն˵һֻɣҲãҲãʮҲãвڰˣ֪ˡɱģֻ֮һԴԴӿ˻ﵱһȺİӣĿһȺһȺ˴ŲģȨȡ᣿ôɴ˵̫һٻһη·
һ᲻ƲۣΨἰЩڸǵʱͱˡ
칤ſڡ
á
칤£ڵϵľ̳˻ߣ칤ʲô̬ȣҲҸ㱣֤лԶ£칤Ƿ̫һ飬Ҳɽո⵽شֺͿɣսúһжҲֱӷ֣ǿɣ˽£ʹȣת˽㡭
憪¡
Ψ쳤첲ҪûԼľơ
칤һۣѾŲ˻ȾƣǲҪֱ޸ҡ
Ψջ֡
칤ֶֽƹྡѾ̳ӳ⣺ոݣҰʫµЩת㡣
һŵݸΨ
Ψҿڣдֵֽһᣬ¶һ˿㵵ɫ
ô칤ʣǼ˵ʲô
ĸ̫ʱڱļ˷ߣΨ̧ͷܿǵ׷ļ֮һ;Ůûȥ죬Ϊ⻹м¡ʫ²⣬ضʱ˾Ѿȫˡ
ˣ
칤ü
ŹֵľΨ˵ϴȥʱȷ˶нΪΪǴt뿪űɷʴɵġһʼǵ˾ͶˣصġһƬء
һǰҲȥ𡣡칤ʱĴׯġ
ΨĬһᡣ
Ρ˵ĸǹִĽ̫أпݻһԼʵ˵ʵûʲô𡣡˵ǣ΢һ£ƺ뵽ʲôû̸ǵǴӻеˡҲǰ׵ۡи⡭
˭ɱǵˣ칤ӹͷĸķӦ
ɱģţΨʡ
칤ɵҡͷ
˾ĬƬ̡
Ϲ칤ૣҪû裬ǲһ٣ôʡ
Ψû˵
ûд𰸡
ˣʦҲãٲΪǣƣߵȥ߳˼䣿⣿ȥģ
ĺǣɽӹĮ
ΨţͥԺﺣĻʢ
ȥȥġ


82 
ۡ
½һھ絽ϡ
½ʮһŭ
ǸǸ½һ߿һ߰, ո˵ʲôţʦʦү˽ˣ
Ӳϵľƣͷ
, ̫Ұʮһڸ·ϣڹϰ˼ҵСʦܡ˵½ˣɺж¶ˡʮ֮ףԵСı顣զ죬½Ȼһ
԰½һ, ᣬү尡ԸʦˣǶϡҲ٣ҵҸ粻ҲҪ˰֮ǰָǰͷҶһ, ôùҸǣ²ñƤѵ
ӷ𣬡ɺб˵, ƶɮҲǲڻҩ½ʮλӾ˵¶ͬСɣڱһת, ½Ӳص, ƶɮΪġ
ޣ
ɺ̩Ȼôһ, תŷ, ĥҲ֪ʩлȥģҪȥϽһ·, Ʋ̫ߡ
ô˵ʡ
ɺԥһ£ʮǰ, ʮ޶Ͼĺʮ, Ŵ󶯸ɸһΣЩ״Ե, ƺͬʩмָϵʦңһʮǩһԼĹؼ㣬ǳʩ̫ң÷塣
أ
Ӳ졣
֪½ֱ˵𱡵ʵ̫Ŵȥ
˵ӳһ£ʦҲ˵岻ǲ룬û취߳Ͻܷ߳Ͻȡһˡѵ˵ָʩ

ɺֽ
ƶɮһۡɺֽд˸ס֣屻Ͻܷȡһˡʮǰ̫ǰϽʩߣڲ֮ʮǩЭ顣
ֽд˸šд˸ʮڡš롰塱֮仭˸ͷ
ƶɮ֪ϵˮ𡣼ٶʩĹؼڶľ䣬źп֧̫ңʩ̫ҡȡϽ
Ӻ½ͷƲе
αʮڴаݵĽɫɺ°ͣ㲻̫˵ʮʮ޾Ⱥһͼʮˡ
ʮڴ֮ǰһֱˮˮͻȻ˱Ȼ̫ڴسʩйءӷǲ֪ǵغͳʩг𣬻Ǻг𡭡Ҳп߽С
ȵȣ½֣ס˭˵һ£ʮʮ޾ʲô

ɺкͰһᡣ
½ʩʮ֪٣ɺ̾ʡ
š½˼䣬ԥԥ˵ʮͬЩԳһֹ֡еܹ»棬еؿд󶴣ееľ丸еСƳ
ɺ˵ʮ˽ʵֻͣСʱֽµķɡ
½˵Ŀ⿴Щڣǿʵֲֺʲôϵ
ӴԲ½֪ҲûʮֳƺʮֻͬǾ˵йʱڣʮʮ֮Ժͨġ޵֮衣й֮ĩҲ֪ʲôʮնϺţ½ȻŶڶԿģ˫ĹϵȴӴ˽ӲˡʮֻŻʱɳμӱҪ¼죬֮⻥
μ¼죿
½üͷһ˵Ǳү췭ظ̫⿪һ֡ô˵ʮнڷˣ
ɺڡš롰ʮʮ롰塱֮Իһߣϴ˸ʺš
ʮΪնϺţƶɮҲ֪ƶɮμӹһŻˣ˻ʮĴɺüһεӡԣƶɮãʮĹţʿе⡣
Ҳ˵Ը֧̫³ʩȥļɵ⣬ҲжʮļɵӴ⡣
ɺеͷһʮǰʮص½ĶͲ̫жˡţ˵һпΪʩʮгҲпΪʮгֻ߽С
ȵȡ½һ⣬үҲ͸ʮɣʮǰôճͺʮģ
ɺ½ļ򣬡½ʩͲ𣿳үҲʮ꣬һҵϣһҵϣǿɲʮܹġ
½ɵˡ
½ӣӿȥڵʵֽܹ֮κ
½һ㶣Ȼ
˵𣿡ǰδеĽ˶ˣô棿
Ȼ𣬿أɺĵ
Ȼүܶʱ򶼲ôˣͺ¿ҲҪôɣ½ģʶ˵ϻ
ƶɮûڱųʩɺȴΪ֮󣬻ɢȫС࣬˷ǹʡ֮ơˣأ
½ס
֮Ǽȴɥʧʳơ顯ϣõĻȷпܸġӵֻǴ̫Ѷ̫ߣΥ֮ڼϡ
ڼϣɻǿ˴ѣϧɱȡ飬ǿаôܷѾȥ鸴
ͣһ£ûаʣɵʵ˵

½ͷ¡
Ƭֺ̣Ȼѣ͵תͷɺУһ֣ȵȣո˵ʲô𡢳ү񣿡
ɺСһ²²⣬ƶɮҲֻǲ²⡣
ôôܣ½ѵʣʵҲ֪ԾҵϣǿõĹʵܹڡǣȥĳЩʱ򣬳үǸ׼竰߹Ժ֣Цֵġ
һҹߥȥ۶Ϸŷݵĳ𱡵ƣһǧƭǮƤգĳ𱡵ƣһӱ˭ĳ𱡵ƣôȥأ
ֻǲ²⣬ɺ̯֣ɳ֮⣬Ҳûʲôˡ
˰һ
ֲ˵ǻ壬һ·ߡӺȻ˼£ͣСľУˣʩǰҺ˸棬
ʲô
½Ͳɺͬʱ̽ͷ
ӴľУƬĽââմѪڱʼæдĸ֣תɽ
ʲô½ʡ
ӡɺв̫ȷرϣ˵һ֡ǰɽ󣬿ΪͿɣ֮йأ֮ǰչ޵ʱᵽ죿
½һʱ䶼֪Լʲô顣
ɵӰɣ½̲סʹʹˣôģ𣿡
˭Ҳû˵麣

ʮ޵ĺΪں⺣ں綫½⺣ֳƺ󣬽ʮ޻ڡʮʮΪ˼ı߽ߡ⺣ʮĴڣʮ޲ֳΪ
Ͼ۳ˣƣ
էһ۴ƺʮֻϸ¥أӰϸͻ֣ᷢڴĵʵ֣ǰеҲǴǴ࣬һ̤ͷáϵġˡǰ඼б棬֣Щײģ˵Ϊֹ
ڡ
ĵӿɲ
һֻٹǰ䵽׵ļװϣһֻľԳɴϽ⿪Ͳɺֽ͸ŹĲҰס
Ȼˣ
˵ľԳͿ࣬һСɽڴ˵ʱڱе˸
ʲô
бһֳĺ°׹ڡˡɢɢʡԳȣ°ٹڵλóüĿòɳƲף۽ǲۺͶͷ׽ȻС
̫ڰˡԳݻĦţ֨죬ԲĴŵɣȴһ߬סһѪܵؾ׽йߺ޺ԹЩ˵ĻȻÿһţ
ֵһ
һܹĵһʢɵ裬׵òںϵĵ졣
Ҳûʲôþȵģ°׹߷еľվζŪҪ̫ڶˣδҲ̫ɱЩ
Գŭ
°׹СۣˣҪˣСĵûѣԼݽk龳ˡ
Գ侲
°׹߰ôͣ£Լεһ߽֡ȥ֮ǰͣ½ŲͷŷۺĻ׷׶䣺ŮĸճϢȮš꣬ģǲֻ֪ʲô
ЦЦٲ߽һ֡

ɺ˵û·ȷʵߡ
λϽλޣϽм仹һӿޡʦ𱡵뿪ϵһŵĶԴԴϵӿӿޡ
ɽԡθѳθĹȣδѡδѣϡΪɣܾҪϲҪ󣬵ɣϵָŻޱ߽磬ӿ޾عؿ
֮Χˣνǲѷɡ
Ȼǣʦͳ𱡵뿪˵پͳ״ŵʧˡ
һˮϢˡ


83 ź
ӿһСǡ
ߡ
һŽСԺ, ֽŰ뿪һϯ, ϯſһϯվһŮӡ֣̽ЩݵëǳһպĨĨּֽϱߡ
ⰸ׻Ҫдٷݰдһ, Աһ

ȹŮ¶ѳһľڸ߶ȡ
һɡ
ˡһֱӰͷڵϣҵĹ̰˼İûд
Ůһ죬һţǹ, ʲô
ǲзϣ˵Ĳзϡ
̾
½һĻ, ˵ԼδǡɽȹŮǡ֪Ц̸Ӽٲģ绨ὣǿ׽ˡ˹Ī̫Сʦ𱡵ƳϺ, 绨ӿסıĪϡ
һɢ, Թµ, ûʲôؾ˷绨ȵ, ңڵĿ䡣£Īӿ, ȻҲһˡ
ֻǵһǧ, ΪԹϻţ, ڿҿÿһ»Լĵ³䵱Ѵʡνᡣ
ûκ, ҪֻܹµϹۣĸϻҲüĿ㡭
ᣡ
ʮЦ̸һ˹ü
ʲô
绨ȴʱӦŽú̾˱ƣͬȸ¥ġ
ĪתͷͥԺе꣬üǷˣƫʱ粨
ѸдõĶһԣɽ³µţԼóЩĵ¶飬һߣüͷ΢΢һ壬ϾʵΪ˼ɵ壿ǰΪϰˡ
Īһ£͹ʷҰйء
ô˵ȻôʷҰȻͬйأ־ƺδἰ
޷ʮȥΪߣԳʷ£ơʷǸ־ҪеʿʡԲģɢҰʷȻʷҰʷֻ¼˸½ʷͳ¡һ޺ʱ¶ʮ޵ʷйأŸɣأб֮ʿ֮ģҲԱһʮͨʷ
һĵ壬л־ӣ֪ԸҪдһʮ޴¼꣬ľ֮־ȴȻ֣־ϣ໥ڵ໥ִĪһǣ©ٳƴһʮͨʷԭʷҲģˡ
մǻ߸󣬴ѳɣ顱

˺ֹʮޡҼʷ޴û˳ȥдһ˼ͨʷʷһЩʱ仮ϻγһͨõ˵ԡʯǡΪ磬ʯǡصĲֳΪ̫šڡʯǡģΪ̫֮šʯǡĩβȱȱֳΪйš
ڡʯǡĲȱйȱʧ̫࣬й֣ʷҸ֮Է׷ӣ϶ڿɣžˣմƽ⣬ɣ죬ż족
Ȼһ޵־ڹŽҰ֣ûἰֻ֡
ǰɢޣ֪Īϥϯϣǰסĵط𡣡
𣿡
üͷ
طϽνԶ롰޹ϵʮĵشĿɣϲ˵пһ֧ͿɣĪϵ
Ϊ֪ġҰ֮ȫ
šĪͷǰӦҲ֮һйźڣšʱһս˲زŽˡϽ֮ɣҲһս֮ͬɣǩ˼֮Լ
ϹǴһս𣿡
ʡ
ԡ׹֮δţҷ绨ȵʱսһٶʮһλǧŧ״֮ң󡣶Ͷںӣǧ̣֮ݡʷɾȥ壬Ϊ顣
ԭˡף漴ʵȻԹ֮Ϊ̫ҪλϵشĳΪʦ棿
ĪüҡͷҲ֪
ᵹҲûжྪȣ֡Ȼˡĸо
ĪǷ绨Ĺ¶Сڷ绨ȳ츳ԱѡţֳΪϡȻ鹢ֱͨʡͬط绨Ⱥ۹۲꣬ȷڷ绨ȵλߣʵأûʲôϵҪɢ޵ĽǶ˵Īڷ绨ȶԣǸһʿ֣һѷ绨ȵĽֶҪԼ˼ֻҪ͹ˡ
Ī˻Ȼѧ
һΣ̫Сʦ񣬷绨ڲã䵽ͷϡⲻǰľ̶ֱˮӿֻ·绨ǴˣĪѹֱĽȥЩʲô
ֻЩĪֱ˵ҲֻԼӿһˡ
ڵ𣿡Ī⣬ʲôֲһﾭǱߴϢ̫ʦնûд۵ģʱֻʦһ˳֡ºݾλʮ֮ײȫʢϣҲûʤ㡣
˵ţЦҲҪһ㰡
ɵӡ
ЦЦ
زʶ˿̣ȴɵĵϣΪǶˣӿޡϽҲãȥĶã֮Ҫ档
£ϸϸܵţڻ۳СӵŹһȦһȦ

𱡵ƽִ˻
һǳɫں˦һССˮѸٵˮһαʦջͣ´˳ȥ𾲾ظˮ档
˸߿ǻѲǵǣ˭ҲҲǡ
ΪǸûнκһǣҲûгκһۡһǳأ˷ۣããϣҵˣñǴ롣
ʵɽֿҰûʱͨҲߵõġֻʮ޺ԣһ̫ԶûгҰϵתʱϻɽʣﲻԡȺû
Ȼʦͳ𱡵ƣȴûЩ˼ɡ
һʦƺ֪ŨȻϲ𱡵ƽǳأ𱡵ߵģһǷ羰·򣬾żãߣҲκǶ˲á
⣬ҰҲܹɨһƬءֻ̫СˣԳΪǳأפϢ´ࡣ
´Ƭˡ
Ե΢Ҷ棬סۺɫɫޣбٳһƬΪ֪ľηˡƼ£żҶֱԼĪʮСݣ䵽棬縡ۡ
𱡵бɢأ֧ͷʦ崹
ϵʱ˳˵һνСϸ룬ζϸ˱ھһβǰδеĽ㡣ϧûü⿣̨֣䡣ǿϺõĽͱʦսӴˣ˵ӴɱﾫʧɱϾȲϳʱˡ
үԭ𽵹Ʒһ´һĽ㣬ʦԴȴ⡣
ǴʱʲôûΨרԾӹ˳ִһߡһ·϶У·֮أʲôʦҲͣһβμ棬ͷûӣڶμ棬˱һľᡣ
м˻һмǵС£ֻҪйأǱҪ¡
ˡ
𱡵ưˮһˮ͡
һβֱˡ
ʦոͻͷ𱡵ƼͷȻ̲סЦˡһ·˶Ƿһ²ǳ۵Ļͷϸǲ֪ʲôʱմЩۣԵøŹֺЦ
ʦ岻֪Цʲô΢ЩãȻؿ

𱡵ƿأ۽üҴЦ
Ϊۣ˵󲻴˵ССϾȻγɵСۣƽȲľ𱡵ƿһ࣬ʦָȥһƫҪ෭ԲһСɽǣʦְںҶϣ֧סˡ
𱡵ưմʦ巢ϵĻ۷תָʦ忴Цʣʮ֮ףôһͷ۶û֣
մָָһů̺죬΢ģºɳʱо뻨ġʦסָָָָָఴһһؽĨůƲȥ
𱡵΢΢ü
ʦɿָ֣۽ǣҲһĨ
ԼҲմˡ
𱡵΢һˣԭ˰껨ۻҶ֮ʱ;һ֧б봹ĺɻơ־һմϵġ
˵ҲǺЦ
һǰЩոնʮ޷Ƶ̫Сʦ棬һǧɱնպյʮ֮ףʱ˿ȴûһ˿Ϊķһϸʱֲź仨۶֪
Щʱ򣬵ûΪȲҲķҲûʲôõġ
ôһ·߹ɽɽˮˮԶ̣羲·ֻʣˣʱҲú·
𱡵󵹽
ͷǺҶԳʻ̵ı棬ҶɫөںҶзһȺƵɽˮ顣һ͵өɹǸյҶ϶µ˿˿ơ
ܶˮĹ⣬һƬź㹻ǰ
塣
𱡵ưʦ島סĲӣ÷·ڽһܡ
ź


84 ɫ
Ӱˮơө𽻴ڳ𱡵, Ż߲ް, ü۲ſտɵȻϲáʦһһ㣬üԣ۽ǣӣϵظůĴ
塭
𱡵ۣ΢΢ĽëͶµӰӡ
籱⿪ľ, ڵĳ£ɢ΢ϡѪѩ׵һ壬һɢʡӽʵֱۻذϸݵ, 𱡵ƽػסĲӣ縡Ƽľ
¹ļǡ
һ¶˳бĻ, νǴǳѡ
䡣
𱡵ƴ˸ս΢΢
ʦ͵͵Ӧһư, ȥӯӯѴĺ¶𱡵ֱ۴, ۻ, ֱѪ, ָʦ徢ļµۡ
ۡ
ҧߵļϣ
ʦָ, ָƶסˮ, ֪δ档𱡵ɿݼ, ȥ߳Ѫ΢ȵζ, ȻӰ
ʦף
𱡵ս˫ֹۣʦ˳Сܵ͵غһ֣塢塢塭һһ飬ÿһ鶼˵ͳػӦأļڰˣȷˡ
ھ˼ϣô꣬ڵһ
壬ۡ
۰
ǧĳ߶̶ڲȥô൶һһƤ⣬ŸѪ޾˽ǡյֻʣһѪɫĹ»ֻ꣬ʣһֿЦһһ顣
˵
ۡ
ôۡ
ôҲ
塣
¹Ӱ۽ʪ죬ơ
ô죿
ʦ岻ֻһȥˮһ㸧ļ
ģӵġ
ԣҪҼסġ𱡵ͷЦ
Ȼ̹ǵʹ޷Ĩȥһֻʹ档
еı˶ϲӡеĻްü䡣Ӵˣܵ۾ֻʣ㡣
ҹԽԽөԽԽ࣬һһԲҶӫӰҶأӰأˮ׵Ӱ˼飬ӹ˵ָ⣬շתǣ˵ش
ҹɫ
һֻذѩǳ۱Ե䣬΢ˮ棬һС;ɢɾӨˮ顣
ʦ彫𱡵Ƶס
𱡵ҧһͷ̧ۿ
Ღһƺڷǳ𱡵޺Ĵγĺˮε¶
𱡵ıˮůʹ
ʱϼ͸ԣݡƽܴһϮĺ£ڶĿɫѹݡʵϣ̫ڷѾҲûܰøһЩ
еˮɢ
ºϣ໥ˣ˴˵ĺܽ
壬ǰҾ𱡵ֱۣ۽ޣɤɳƣһյưˡ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻˡ
ᡣ
ʦ˵
𱡵̧ۣؿ
ϡ䣬pǵл֮Զл֮صһϡǧǧغޱ޼ʵĻްֹµһյһյƣǧš
ʹԣʹ궨񰲣ʹȻ
𡣡
ʦע۾ظһ顣
𱡵Ʋͷľѡ
ʦоȵҺεԼϣ֪һ£սֱۣ§ڻ
ְɣ塣𱡵ָļϣҪҲҪ㡣Ҫ־ҲҪȤ
ҪмҰƣʹ֡
ҲҪɢƬ֡
¹͸ҶϡĻʦѿڶһ֣һ·ĵǧ֡


ʦס֣ږǡ
ʱ½˽˵үֱǧС㻹ֻǸżȻȴʦȻݵǧ꣬ڵʲôڵһ˻õĶǸˡ
ǸˣĴڣҪȥʲôԹԹǷǷǣֻҪҸ޲֡
ʶĳ֣ʦһ£žԼʣǸȴе˵һð
ôˡ
𱡵˲ؽĻصȥ˯ȥ
Ժҵ־ǽˡ
ֽ
ݵĽ
ǧĽ
ҹ紵Ҷ裬һ껨䵽ĺ档ˮҹһƶۡƯȥһһѡȥһõΣŵ˾ؿĲ
ɸסΧԶөѹӰһͶü֮䣬߲续±
ʦ𱡵Ƶ۽ǣСΨ־ɢΣۺ֡
һұ޵ɫ

ʦ
˺Ӧһ
ƺǻشƺҪ
ʦ尲Цˡ
ǱǱĸơ
ǽ
Ľ


85 һᵽβ
һҷۻλ, ߺͣﴩС
ιιι, У᲻Ὺŵ㰡û°Ǽˤˣ½Ŵˣˣү˵ûûûΣʱ֮ΣաĿñӻҪ
ӷ½ʩƶɮˣɺæҵزٿŷ, ɫ½Ұףʩۣƶɮķ۳֮Ҳ߯ЩƶɮѾܽؿˣ΢ɸֱ


˵İͬʱ, ½ڴϣЩֱ쮳⡣ȴİӴӼװһͷװһͷ, ѡһٴصľͷϡ
ͺ¿
ƢõİӺ졣
˵, ƶɮĹɣ
ۿͣһֱƵİεأ·ǰ, ɺк˵
½ſ, ˸ʹ, ˵۲̨ǰҪѲɺƿ̨˲, ½ֶڰ, 龪֣HUƟ⡢ʲô
ȫǶͭî, ҧܣԳƵ, ֵǣ׻յĵ䵱յƣױһĴڲ
м䣬רſһأɷдһг󵽱Ĵ֣
ȸߺ
۷֣һݳҲ㱻ըѩۣṹ򵥣ǷԼעԿƣԭͬвࡣһ疎Ǳ˵ľۣ칤֣֮ṹܸӣԼԦߵΪҪ󲻸ߣǾĻе󷨣ܹṩ㹻ʯͨҲá
ַۣͨʿԣǼ۸񰺹󣬿ɵõ칤½ҩСӶԣûʲôϡģʽķۣûһǧҲа˰٣粻һˡ
뿪ϣһʹذ⽻ʱַǾû۵ͬ˽⡭ϴ½ƣҲûϡڸ˵ϹţƤʲôû
ģûַۣ

ֲ˵Ҵ൱˽⣡ҷѾһ칤˹ϲĿ
ȥ½ɢӰӣǸϽɣûĺڴ
߻ص̧ͷһһ̣Ѫ

ӷĪĪţɺһ߻ǵġ۸Ľֲ桷һ߷صֿƷۣʩ²칤ϵĹŵôʵģٶȿ죬˹ܡ
һСת档
ССĳƵĴ£תǣ۴˳Ȼ̧
䣡
ŹŴӴűŨڰĳըǻڷҵһЩ״ͬʱںڰ׷ٵļǱҶ

üĿĲɺ¶õЦݣĴָ
ãѣ
˼½Ϊ֮ܣһʱ䶼ҷһ·ϸСëˤٴΣߴٲɺУΡ
ɺź̯֣ľˣʮʱֻһΡ
̫˵ɡ½⣬ͷøӷ
ըֽ£
űĥѵıӣչѹУˣʩģǴҪʵʵ˿
Ǳƭȸ۳䵱ʵƷһ£˵
Գ𱡵ͬʦ뿪Ϻ½ԼɺλŶͻȻ˴ǰδеġ¡ءһ쵽Լŵģţ·׷׵ǳ̸һɡľĳףһɴ鶫ģһĶ࣬Ĩǵ̽𱡵ǷǱ硣
ֻϣﲻ֪ж߶š
Ȼ𱡵ʦʧ伣Ϊ֮ԼүˡҪǰӣһӽһǼͻƿڡ
½˽ĥ£ЩֺΡǶ棬ݣƽʱġʵϣ͸࣬ˣٻˣʲô£˵Ļѹûʲôȷƨ硣
ͬүǺѣҲ÷ڡҩԼȾ˳ж
У໤ˣѵҪһ꣬ʮټʱεضԳү˵ѽ治˼ҵҲزμ˶Ľɱ¹ҵˡʱֵ΢Ҳ˵ʲôڸǡ
ʺ
ү⣬ԸʰɽǸӵԼҪĵ³
ߣȻ𱡵ƺǿʦǿһм˭ŵУδط꣬ǻ
ˣ˷߿Ҳûʲˡ־ģҲǴܴ̼ӴǱȸʮӶʮ½ɺϵʮ갡ʮʮ꣬ƻ˶ˣдһʲô֣֪Ŀɳ𡱵ĶԹϷˣ
ʮȥɣ
һҹƣȺȺĥһ𵽼ҵİ취
ϵõ𱡵ƵϢô
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竱ˣͱ¦ӵĽʺʮһ
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飬жߣ
ˣôĿŵǣע⣬˭˶ҪЦһ˵һ䡰˭ϵ˭ɵκôɵҩ½ʮһǷɣǹ㣬ʮ竰Ķ棡Щ̫꣬ҳʦϿɵĺѣҲֻǼ仰˵̫ڵˣֻʣǼп𱡵Ʊϵ
ɵóҡڵȥ̫ҳʦ档
竣Ľʺ
½˿ŷۣһƱѴֻŷƵģյϽϡ
½չӿ޵ͼϸֱ棬ǽߵ㣬Ƚܣ÷ɢһ¡
ɺԣͷ
ﶼԼᱻʺ͸٣˵ص˻ûҵ𱡵ʦ塣Щ֪𱡵ʦҲҶġǳŻǲţҪŵƶĴҡ⣬ҲӪһЩ˺󣬺Ȼʧȥҳ𱡵ƻϡļ
ʵʵټ١
ǸĶ󣬳𱡵ƺʦ֪ķܣҪƵС
Ǳߣƺһ׷ٵޡţʦϽʮ֮ף׷ǿԲ󡣡չţȻɫ΢䣬ã
ôˣ
½Ͳɺͬʱ
ǹιԣӶð亹ɣˮɱʦʱιʦĴλá

սߣܵĺתƮɢ
ӿǳػδ£ͣµβ͡Ұĺβ񖎳ǺpǰճŨ񣬷ЩͻᱻɢżҲʵʱڡ⴩˿˿Ƶбڱˮľϡ
өѾˮͣںϣת
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ű˵͵͵˵
ˮչĳ򶨸ڰУˮϸƲٲҶҡҷĻֹͣ¾ҹ
ҾڱԹһ䡭𱡵ŵˣѵĵѹĪɢ˲٣ʲôأ
ˡ
ʦһҲԼƬʲôԡ𱡵Ʋĺ멸ǵʵʵֻ¶Ȼˣ۾ȴûëظļϡ
ΪҲΪ𱡵ƵǸóɡ
ëˮҶɳ졣
˻ᡣ
𱡵ƺȻȥʦ壬һۣһ˫þ̫Զɽϵĺӡ۾ϵѩƮת䵽һƬԶڵĺ档
˯ʲô
ʦ岻˵ֻȥ䵽ϵһƻۡ
ʧɣ𱡵ʡ
ʦ͵͵Ӧһ
Ρ
䡣

𱡵ƶ۾һᣬĵȷȷôôĵģԭЦĻ˿ڱߺȻɢˡ
ͷ
𱡵ƴչȥ
ô
ɢң缸ҲҪȾȡ𱡵ҧҧʦĴӡӣȻƿ¡ʦסļ򣬰ػ
𱡵ûģ
ʦָգֻغ
𱡵Ʋ

ʦֺһ
š
𱡵Ӧһ׻ûڣӦˡ
΢ָͣ۽ǣʦӽߵˣ̲סֵ͵͵ز֣ҵġ
ģ˰ɣ
𱡵ƴź
̤ۣںһƬҶϣγĺˮϴһ국Բ࣬𱡵˳ֳƬҶڷµС㱻ɢοûסҲȥˡ
ϸ¡
𱡵Ʋͷ
һ˫޳ɢҵĳ£ã𱡵ƲٶŪ㣬ںҶأһûһˮ׽ˮ󣬷𵭵졣ʦظͷ
һᵽβ


86 һ
𱡵Ʋˮ, 潥ͷĵӰԼܹʦĶ
, ŪӰ
ʵһֱүʾõ˶ꡣ
ϾСôܣƤһƯùƭˡһ׷߻ڳү治ɫĻӽǰμ穣ʣµһŲ죬ͻ޿̺͹ëǱӡ
˺޺޵˵ү治Ǿһ֦, ̰ͼɫˣȴʮŰʮһعزС
ɴϷֻƭ֡
žŰʮһҲã޾ĹؿҲգһܲͨ, ֻȡڶԹԸ˭߽
ԶԶɢеĵ, ǳҶˮ´¡ߵ㲻ôˣܿ־˻, ٿһӴСΧų𱡵Ƶָת, żָڡ
ʦ𱡵÷, ס, ֽһ֧/̶áӣڳ𱡵, Ūˮ
𱡵Ʋ
ʦõߵϸҶ塣
Ҫô
𱡵Ƭɺ
ͷѸ, , ĺҶͷ̲ۺ, ׵ģǳƵ裬ǳ㡣Ǹ̫ĵĺŨȼһg̿ϸϸذһ׵ٰһ̳ƽ̶
ˮ
ʦ彫̳ϸϵסбĺɹϣĺˮС
ǿأ𱡵ЦеΣаɡ
û¡
ʦͷ㹳϶޳ָָڷ
𱡵ź멣˫ϥںҶϿ
ͷĺҶͺɻյý͸һƬʦȧϣҶӰӰ信ø͡
㹳׳
һȦȦˮ
ԸϹ
𱡵ƺȻǰ̽ȥʦϵһƬ⡣ʦתͷ𱡵ֻЦӯӯػסļ򣬰°Ϳļϡʦס֣˵Ͽͬһö
Ҫ̵ǡ
á
ҪٿϺ
á
Ҫ㡭
áһһݡ
һԡ
ʲôʲô׷ɱʲôõźԿһĺ͸õݺȼ»𣬰ʹúơ
һаӹ档

ҷ䵽⡣
멣˴ĹȵӴӷִӿޱ߾ǡǲ֮ˮǣˮŻڣβꡣǺеʯͷ£ǱӰȥˡ
浨С
һȵվǵĹϣ¿̲ס
ԱԸΪȵʦקһ£ϽߣһδǳȵĿϡһᱻ𣿡
ȸ̾ĵ˸˵ʲôһԡϽĿбӵǰȥ
ơ
ͷûʯ棬ص
һλϵ˾ڹײﲻó̫µ̵شӷλĳúǿ£ݣǺɫߵ㣬ϱ
ΪǷѣʮ޵ȴ
֮һ׳ϡ
˾ġιԡڱˡڵĲޱ߾ȴֻ׳Ϲǰԭʱ׳ϲһԡ漴ԭѣԨݡ
ȹƵ̲ͬ׳Ƶһιԡɸ̱꣬ɱǲС
ϡ
ӭǰǷ
׳϶ιϿҪĪ绨ȵǰɽѰҷҪĵط̨ӿǷ绨ȵĵ̣һУ绨λΣλΪΡȣڣɣãȻΪǰɢޣϲ֮ͬ˴򽻵ҲֻڳŴӭߡ
׳˫˻ǲŹ˯ˡ
ʺ׳۶һŹȼǰߡ
ƥ򣬳ñȻǺ껹󣬼Ӱڵñţ󣬻ùȹ㡣
»˸Ϊԭ͵ĳǣһĶţ洺绨ȵӣڸϵĹȥϢ
ȵҲ˳ǣ̲סֱҡͷ
ǰջ룬λ̫ҳʦͬʮ֮ȥĶãǧҪͬ档һתɣϵִȵڽյִ绨פصӿǾͺȻ̬ġ
ƾۡ
ȻķƾǲԶֻ˵пܻڽǸ
ʲôʲô
Ϊһûе´ߴ٣ܹϸϵĵϵ᱾һ鷳¡
˰ɣ
ᷭĪдֽ˶汸ע
ҩ½ɡ޶ʦҶϡŵϡɣϵıϡ̫ϡƺϡʱڲڸɣոϵƮƮҡҡȻʡ˶һȷϻˣ׼³¥
նһӭ͵졣

ŭ̧ͷ
ĸӵڹ˸ӣû갡
һ̧ͷͫȻһ
һȼյĻһž޴ʯɸ߿䡣˻ߵش𣺡±ߵ˿

ǾȻһŻķۡ
ĸųȱۣ۶ܿϣ룬ۿŻҪҵǺУһ䣬ƽؾһ硣
סĻۡ
ꡣ
Φϴݡ
Ӱشӻڳ
ͺ¿Ҿ˵˰ɣƷѹ;ڣ㻹ҪˣʲôӼһִϵĻ𣬺Ȼһ춯صĲҽУҵͷҵͷˣͺ¿ҸƲ
΢΢鶯ǡ
УλողһҪҳˣԼС⼸ŵͷ
ӷͷ֮½ʩࡣһлͷȼյķ۲кֺںŸСͭϻգ˴ʩʵȸֵҲˡ
ոҪǰĲֶڰС
һҷʮƽ𲽣ʵ飿ĸųİܼӣֱܼҵ񹲷ߣ
ҽѪ֣֮ȻϲҲ
һŸƶҵĵ˷Ӧǿ̤Ƴǵˮϴϴ¶
ῴһᣬӦûǸˣ׼ȥʻ˼ʮ˸̧ߡ
顪
ˮˤ˸ʵںӰĽʯϣ˱ۡ

Ỻ¸̧Ľš
ȻǺܴ
˵ͬԮֵ֮˼ȫڰϣֻЦȻԼˣˡ
ⶼⰡ
ΣյʱѾǰȫĿɽȫʱѾΣյıɽĨ˰ѱѪЦö½ͲɺУȻү԰
תߵ͵ͣסŲ
ү


87 ˽
ȼ˳ү, ҵˣ½۵سԼͷ, ޳ˣ֪Ϊ𣡱ʮһ棬ŮҪΪ֮鰡
Ĭǿеĳүűλ̫Сʦ桭˵ǸֵӵϢЩ˵ίʵûǰк/
Ũأཻ, ƤҸࡣɺȰ
ţ˵õҲǡ½ͻЩԵãʫ, £γ֪
᳹û˴кͷ, ٲߡ
ûߵ
ɺǺ̿קס䣺λʩǽӴ֮ˣ
·
¸ģ
ЩάֲסĶŵķ緶Ҫһưͺ¿ư
ҲֻǼѡ
Ͼỹû۵Լҵǵȵز仰, Ȼ³λݡǷ, ܶͶ, 󽫳᳹, Ҳ˵ҩСӡڷӺ͹ȹŵӽͳһ·鷳ֻǰжʺ˶ǷﲻɣҲһµģ
һ, Цݿ, 񣺡, 绨ǡ
᣿
½һ
ţ¡
΢ͻ
½´, ˴صͷ֪˿ľȣžһ˦ţΪΣҲ
Цһ
治ˣ½ӽ˿ľһϣģһ̧°ͣõľ¥ģ·ɡţϰԡϴĹң

Цʧˡ
˵ڵһ㣬һưȽǺأѾľȥһˮ
Ÿ½֣߰
ҽ߲ɵڣȹѲ⡣ĵ׷Լ³Ƶĳ嶯ޱתߡǳϨʲô̸̽ϢеǼ̫ҳʦټˡ
λ̸ۡ
绨ڲΰ
½ʩкθ߼
̫̫ŲͣҲзߣ۵ӣڱͣɫӦԣĪྴ[1]㿴Ͽˣû˹ӭˣȻҲҪԼ·ȥͤ¥
ţ·ʿ˵Ҳ޷ֻǰСţˤһӣ˼Ǻ޽ѾˣҲû֡ȷЩˡɺп͡
ҲнڼƷԿʣЩҪ󲻸ߡү⣬Ѿʼˡ½ҡͷԣǼһһһޣҪͭءҲдү
ͷֱ
ǵûһԼͬʲôǱΪһԾǵ֪֪ʮ޵ŻͬɣһþΪǿеλүǵ֪֪λү嵽ǸôؿɲĴڣУнڼ󡱺͡ƷԿʡʵ׺һʻĹϵ
⻰٣ͬ½Ĺ۵㣬ʩ˵أֻһʱ̶ȥ
󳹴
λ̫Сʦ浽ôôҵˡλɽֹĶ棬һڱΪ׷ɱ
尾һ·ߵİ¹¥ǰ
ɴ⣬æͷ룬תææˡ
ˣʩɺסƶɮ˳ˣûҪЩˮ󻨣ؾƱˡ
½˾¥͸ҩһڣйŮǳƵƵĿҡȣԼٷһ档
һԵİƹҪˮϴȻʦ㿪ǰǲǺ˾ƣ
ɺװɵ㶣Ҷ½ʩţӣСĻģЩɹ֮ɺеĿɨ¥һյĻɮˣʱؾٸҡΣ޶ʦֶ
ЦղЦˣĬĬȥ
ʦ塣
ǰһ˴кйоء
Ĺ׳ڵͣ½ŲڵƤڵسͷ
׳ϱĹȵϡϡس񡪡ΪȹŵӣֵộδûܼιһְҲǹԪ֮һϣĵӣúһСʦ塱
ȳݣһ굽ͷȻڳһƮģҲľ¿ޣͦ档⻹ǵһġϡ档
֮£ֻСʦ壬֮ԡ
ʦҲⰡ̫ˡӱõƶңһŵһŵƵۣһŵһЬһŵװžžવĿ¹ˣʦֶңǷλڷƽʦǮ񣿡
һںٳŵĹȵ˷ζУձ
Сʦ塭
ܲô
ټİ¹¥ؼž
ʮһ
˳Ƽž¥ż϶һӰͳƽɽ¥ƽ
žડ
½еһӵ˵ϡ
ӲͷƤϳ򣬼εЦݣ簡
ҩ½½ޱؿ
½˵Ťͷűӡ
Уʿһ½һܣһ˻ߵغ
ǷһֱҹЪ

ҹϡ
һӳĶڵƽ̹ĿҰͣ£׼פҹޡ
ʮʱ첻Сʱ޳ǳػˡ޸½һЩӿн϶¡һУкԣöϾܷ⣬СΪӣˣҰмġ¡򲻺Ҳµʱ򣬳ҰȻǰɽʣȴҲûôŨʿ£ܼ޳֮䡣
ǨĶ鱻Ϊ߻ġ
߻˶һЩǨˣǰƶ񤣬ʹŲĽʣ߷Ųɱ̫ߣ׬ǮڷۺͽӴи߹߲еһܿܿûжϵ
һ׵ȡƵ˴һ𣬴ճһǮͼʵпɵʿͶڻҰ֮СֻҪʱ䣬ǰȻЩգ󲿷߻˻ܹоյصִĿġ
ЪЪඡ
ôžң˴˴к
ĵʿæפⲼ󷨣̯һŵңشŮǵȼ𣬼տˮӽͰռҰ˾лĶ˵ľ̺̿ڻѱʶ֡Ƥģ͵͵˼ľ֦ءСƤӣƤǰɣ
æµĴЩ֦򵽣뿪Цѵغǳ˼䡣
͡ͷܻ˵¡ѧ߰˸֣һȺСͲ˵¡
˵ϴεǸɡ
ѽѽۺأ﹫ׯΧӳȥûѽԱ߿İŮ̲סҲ˾䡣
˵̾ϴ·ݳǵʱ򣬡һҳдۣʲô»Ҳõȵߵһǣīķ֪ôʣҲû
īķʲôѽ
ǱŮ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹеҰˣϸϸʡ
ɽ󿪵鷻»Ц̸Ǵġ
Ϊʲô

¡
һ֧߻ĵĶ飬һĴͥ
֧֯߻Ķӵ˾ͥļҳͲСھɡΪԼӰϧǸɴͺϵ£ϵԼƥϣ볨죬һߺȾƣһ߷⡣
һʿú󷨣߹̡
ϵϽԼ̶ﴧ춢Ụ̋ǵ갳ʣµĵ㣬Ҫұġ
ϵϵⶼˣʿƤЦɲǴô
ȥȥȥϵ֣Ϲͷ
ʿûεԱ߶Ŀعϡ
ϵ˿ھҹȻ£ȥġ
ոհýƵĵعϣհƤ᲻÷£һȥһȥ
զĥ䣬˼ͷһ߻ģ϶ϰߡȥûдƣҰҹǴ򺮵ģûƿɰȥϵ߶߶߻ˣһӣҪգȻ߲ͷġ
⻰߶ٱˡ
޿κΣطµعϣӵķߡ
߻ĵĶģһسһأ·ϻ᲻ϵؼӽʱ֧С߻ĶӲһ֧ʱѵˡ߻ĵĹأ·ˣֻҪԸһߣͲܾСԵһ֧߻Ķӣ᲻ϵ˼룬Ҳ᲻ϵ뿪
ȥȥ꼴Ե
ĺʱ֣м˼ϵ֧߻ĶӵģһСƺǰû߹ġ
Ӫĩβһ
һĺڸϿŵˢһͣ
⣬û߿һλ˳ϡҲǣҪгãȻҲ˿ĵֹͣжξĵط΢̧ϵĻתһ顣
Ƴһۣ䵭ؾܾˡ
ûӵİãؽ˼лҹ޵Ľɾˡ
ת̧óᡣ
ƿ
һֻ˳Ưֽӹ¶˵Ŀ⡣
֪ʲô𣿡
𱡵һŹ⻬ǩһųؿʦ塣
ʦƲһȻȾ˵㱡졣
£𱡵ϴź˿̿۶Խѣȹڵĳ٣бһ֧ѩΣҡҷ׺۽üң¹ŵСˡ
С㱻Сƭȥ˽
𱡵Цӯӯ


88 С
ʦ̧ۿС, ƭ㡣
档
е۸ӡ
ҲҪˣҲҪ, ¸㶫ܣ룬۳
𱡵ӯӯƫףϵѩn˿׹һײ΢СĶĹ۽ĵɫԾ
˵ôǱƭˣ
ʦҵӡ𱡵ƵӰ, ȹΣΨݵ㾡ܹĴС㡣ɫڻҰ, ʲôԭѿ
Ȼֱִ߽, ֳ־ԼˣֲԸֵĲ֪롣
𱡵ѹ´ǵЦ⣬˵, ֻǳͷ
Ƭ̡
ʦס𱡵Ƶʹ, סϵ, ӡ
Ժ󲻻, ʦܿࡣ
𱡵Ҳ̲ס, ס⻬, ڳϡЦðͷֱ, ϵѩnҡҷײ, ʦ岻֪Цʲôעⱻϵǩ̵㽫⴮ߡ
ġ
𱡵ЦβɫԽŨԼԼߵɫ
۸ͷˡ
Ȼ֪˵һ䡭ûбһõķͥˣ˵˵ǿʶʲôȫա

𱡵Ц
ʦĿ⴮ŵһߣһ֧¿õĵݸ𱡵ƵĻ͵͵Ӧһȷ׾ֲܷ𱡵ĵĿǣЦ档Ϊֲ壬ȫ֣ضԴ
ֻҪÿһ䶼֣ضԴͲھʮžЦСһ档
ɵ
𱡵ƫͷ
ʦ忴յͨ͸ָ⣬ᡰšشһ
ֻҪˡ
ɵҲûʲôõġ
𱡵ֹסЦбųľƮĻǡֺڳϣشڳԣȴȥӵݹǩůƳȺ죬ؾգȻһɨ֬
ǩġ
ص
ǩʵûմ֬ô˵ʦ㷭һ
Լû𱡵ֺֺЦ
ʦ㶡
ʲô𱡵ٽ㡣
ʦᣬбǩƬݵ𱡵ƿڱߡ𱡵΢΢ͷϸϸҧڽƵϣ֬մ׵ϣֽĴϣϼ롣ޱߵn΢΢ҡΣбӰ͸ʦֱϡ
ľȼգϸž
ϲаĻǱ𣬾򰵳ĻлĵǷɢߣǹҾƣ󣬺ǻЦ֡

ˡ
𱡵ƾʦ֣˿Ȫ³
Ҫ˯ˡ
ʦѾյʣµȪľϣȼյŪһЩյͷֱڴһĨɫ
ոճ𱡵ҧһƬʱϵֱֽϡ
Զ
˵˽һ£١
һ·߻˶Ҳ˶ӣŮסӵ֣ϢǿҹҲҲľͷªİ峵ԼŮ˺ͺ˯
һһССļҡ
ʦָѹֱһĨˮϡ
ųᣬ硣
˲᲻ľ塣
ʦ
濴ؼ򵥣ȴж죬аůʹϢȼоůȡ޵ľõǱɵĺ˿ÿһʿĵر
ҲС۳ûбݳ޵۳ˡ
ݵңҲô¡
ⲻۣڲյɡ
͸䵱Ĳʯ鴮ԼɼȹġС㡱ůϣԽ˿۵ѩɢ¶һļǡαγں̺ϣްɢڵĳѹذ׵ļ硣
ⲻ
𱡵Ʒ֣ͽ޹ͼ𷱸ķ١
ʦЦһ£ӣҲ
𱡵΢΢ͷʦ⿪Ūҵķ١ΪŮӵķٸӣʦڸͷʱָʱͷƤʦЩָͣ΢ӴͷƤʱоԡ
ˡ
ʦɢһƣϰԵЩɢҵͷᣬһ𲦵ȥ
ֺȻһ¡
Ϊոճ𱡵Ƶһͨڣмͷɢϣ̿ϡһԭɿѾͻȥ¶ļ
ʮ֮أڻ߲ҹ
𱡵ֻ˷٣ѩδȹΣſȸʯҡΡ̧ۣüҴЦ
ʦ帩ס


89 మ
𱡵΢΢ͷ
ѻ೤˳ŵ׹, ӵĺë䵽ԼĲϡϸ΢⣬¶̵Ŀȸʯ, ҡҷذѩļӳġ
ôôɵ
ᱧԹ
ʦůϣԽź˿̿۵ѩѳɢһͬб׹ֱϡ𱡵ƻסݵһϼĽ
ʱһ壬ɻ⡣
һֻƯ޳ݽ
𱡵ư
ڵĳ˳ļī, ůϣȥʦ·ʦסֹ֣Ķ
𱡵΢΢һü, ڵѲ
ͭյоССĵƻ
ٿ
ݵ, ñȹϵɣʯϵĶ̲ż͵˺ӡڲ԰׵Ƥ, һһ, еڼ, еڳصĶ, ˵ɺۡ
ᾲܹ˴˵ĺ
ʦס𱡵Ƶ۾Щ˰̡
𱡵, һҧסָ, ݷصؿָ, ֺȻжֻصסָڣδж̺筸Ⱦʦָʦҧ, һֻסߡ
Ѿˡ
ʦ͡
סָڵݻɿ
𱡵Ƹӣ/ϣȳ˸·߱ȳ¶ȸ͵壬ѪʵĲůѪǺıȪһ
໹ѽе費һˡ
Ǵ𣿡
𱡵ʦ̧֣ͷ
ʦ岻˵
ָѹڳ𱡵ƵβĥҪȾ̺죬һĨɺȥ
𱡵ưָߣޱҧһڣȻԼֱۣһһشЩص˾ɺۡ
ָͣߴ
˰Ѿ䵭ˣ״ϡжʲôҪôһѴѪ۵ҪôһѴеĳꪡʲôᴩһĬԵӵţࡣ
ôģ
ˡ
˵ѡ
𱡵Ƶ͵͵ƭ㡣
ʦɫӡӰ硣𱡵Ƶĺͫãʦס𱡵Ƶļ½ѹ
ˡ
ϲǸ˱Ĩȥһۼ
ֻʹǿҵڹ֤ݡÿһ˿ڣһȡܹʹ·ܹصǶްӣ·ȥ굱Ϊ
˺ôµģǣһһһֻʣƾЩʹάֵѡ
Ҫѵػ
غ򣬲ܵȴҪȵ˹
ۡ
ʦָ𱡵ƵĺڷĶͷ׾˵һĻԡ
ƭӡ
𱡵ƻסĲ˺ҧ
ȵĴ΢Ĵкָ԰׵ָ⣬þȫӵþȫǣҪԼ¶ȷָһˣҪԼһص
ʦ巭ס
ֵǧۣȹ׹ů֮⣬ڵĳһ׹䣬ʯ볤ҹصһ𣬷·Ƶκļϣ˼ֱϡ
⡣
𽥽ȼˡ
ĻƮɢŮʱȹھչĻڳϣ΢΢ҡΡ
𱡵Ƶĺ󱳵סĺľ
ڴϢ䣬Լ߻ȼշϸžϸϸĺĲϣճʱѩƺڷճ棬ֱ˲ʦ彫¡
̶Ƭ̣ĺľһۡ
ʦָѹǵۣµӡ
𱡵ƻһҧסʺеֻʣʹ۵ı
ָ߬һڳڵ
ܿأһֻ޳ָһһطָֿһһ۽ڳԵ֣ؽ뻢ڴŻյϼ룬ڳ𱡵Ƶֱָ»ǳĺۡ
һ֣ǿͬİ
ײ졣
ԽԽˡ
ÿһľȼգֳ̿ɫŤ˿ĺһԼԼŤ
ҵģܵġ
ů˶յѩ汻ѹ壬մĥƳɵĿֱ֬ɢ޸ǡ𱡵ɢϯĺڷҪ⣬ձ㷺һ֬Ĺ졣ߵĿȸʯ׹ڲϣССһ㣬Ũ̡
סʦıҪȻȥʦһֻ֣ͷײϸ塣
ۺ᲻֪ʱָ˳
һƬɰ׺۽ǡ
ʦͷȥһᣬһֵϵ̺ᡭ·ڤڤ֮УѾԤˣһգ˻۲룬βȾᡣ
Ǳ⣬ǻ䡣
ҹ
ɽ߸ߵڼȵϣԖɽǳ˸£Ȼ£ڸˡķڴתɫȺɽ֮ӿɢڸԶԶޣһִǡ
¶ˮˡ

ԶԶҹôҰ޵
δ𣬰̿ҹ⼴һ¡ڵҲȼˣһС㶹ĻͭյĲϡ
»ˡ
£һ˵βڳӵĻոպãһ˻סһˣҲһůһˡ
𱡵ƣۣ·˯ˡ
ʦ崹ۿϾþδ˵ı죬Ƭ̣ס󣬲ۼϣΨʦ𱡵Ƶʲôӡ񖎳ǵ񖎡
ǧ껯һ˲Ѥá
ǧ꣬һɲİν
ÿһαıƽһ
ôִֹʽ
ֹˣ׵ؾܾˡ
ʦһֱ֪𱡵һǸӡסЩҵϺ͹ĸ֮ǸߵıԵ̫óαװڸԼˣһֱϣ¶һ˿
ǲԾȡ
ʦ˱ۡ
Ҫϵǡ
ҪȥȡһĶ
һ£վˣʱʦҪȥȴ𱡵קˡ
վͺˡ
𱡵ƴص
á
𱡵ԭֻǻ˯ѣʱȻһ£ۡ
ʦļšãڼι΢Բһĵطҵһᴩ˺ۡڹĳһ̣ԽǧΪˣ㲻֪ʱϢȥˡ
ʦ³𱡵Ƶ֣߻סΪ¶ߵļ
Ҫˡ
𱡵ֱڱ»סݵ̧ͷڻ谵п
ʦû˵ͷĥ˴һ֬Ȼû֬ĴҲѾȻ
Ҫˡ
𱡵ظһ飬ɳ
á
ҲҪһ˴š
á
𱡵һ㣬ʦֱۣӿȴҪߵĺȷڲڡ
һ˵ʱҪĵ㻶ϲμǣҪĳط֣Ҫʱʱ㶯ҪԼװûôգûô˺¡ٹ̵ĺ¡
һ˴š
ź͹¶Ҳû
¡
ӵס
ߡ
𱡵Ц
ԶԶشҹֻʱĽ̸
ǲ˵ĺһһССͥ߻ĶС˽£ҹо͸òһ
Ҫమ
Ҫȡ


90 
㡪໣½һͦ, ϱһһè, Ҫô̵ĲҲк˱ŷô죿
ɺпģ½ʩѪŷɵٿ߰ȾϷˡ
½ٴеضڵë
Си⡭
ӶڻĲݴͥԺʯߣؾ֡
½ʩǶʲô
½ĿƮ, һССģţƷ
ӡѡһͷʯϣ½ʩ, Ʒйİ
½εͷ˵
ڸ¶ʱèһưСͥԺ, ½ʮһ·ӡӹΰգ˱½½ҴܣԭѾ˦½ˡ½ʮһ;һʼʩѵѩ϶Ըɺеóˡ
ô, һǸ²ࡱĶȱ
ү, Ҳ֪½Щӵʲô, ֪ġʵЩ, ͳķĩ׷ﵱһ
ϣ
׷ɱĴܵģĸȫ, һʱ, ˭Ҳò
νǡɱа˰, ǧĵ䷶
ʱ½ӵıνǡʷ׳ʡ˭˭һ̾ҪסƾŲɺ߽ͬûķḻ, ½ʮһӽ˺ͬ
˱֮ҹ񱼴ǵζܵЩը˷Ρ
ƶɮҲޣͨĶޣҲû½ʩôͰ
ɺа˼⣬̶̼칦ͬʱŵ½ӡڷԼһʵƮİӣȻм˺޽䱸ڣҲίʵ˵ɡ顰βҪ½ʮһȻǸС
ܲô̧ͷ죬ͺ¿Ҳ춼ʲôʵġڵҩݶһ˰ɣ
ɺһ顣
Ȼְ߶߶ţ˵úеǰЩޣĸǷѾܵشղϣҩõָ°ʲôϾ쾧ʯһƬҪٻƽͨʿϸʮܴ꣬һסǹʣͨһ굽ͷںɽıּۻ۵·ϣǮ·ϡ
˭½ִǳغ󣬴ӷ߽ɽķָ󣬰ҩСӵ̨һ飬ͰѸеҩȫӴȻ칤ׯһߣְһ飬Ͱׯкʵȫˡ
˵½ƫСӣʱµǮׯˡ
ɺĥͨйϺ󣬻Ȼ
ԭʮ޶֮٣ԭǣ
ûǮ
ûǮʲô
ӣ˵ƽȣôƶɮţĲ࣬ίʵЩɺŷ飬һȻү˵þ칤Ǯģֻޡ
Ȼһת
½ʩѵĳͣҪָأҪȼ£ƶɮҲ㸴ˣһһͿɡ
½ɴۣιιιͺ¿͹˰ɣǶʲôϵˣС㻹ҪǮǲѣ
½ʩԲӣɺ˫ֺʮɫұԵȫ㻨Ǯ½ʩҪҷԵ͸öػǮǡ
ޣ
½ͳһƽ
̰ˡ
ɺнסƽüЦƶɮ½ʩҪֳ棬ֻҪٸӣڣƶɮ͵Ѵ֣溰浽ټƶɮ½ӵ
֣ԱߵİӲڣ½ʩȻǣ͸ϵǣô˻ţ
֪Ļ磿½ϵϣ죬˵ӦҴŶԡ˻ۣˡүģǲСİ¥ܵͺȥô֡
ҴүҲү
һͻȻ
½һŤͷ
½Ժӵǽͷ¹¥¶ĳѾɣһ߲֪ҰҧãҲˡҪɭжɭԼûȥ¥ٺ˵˵Ƥ
ɱ
ɺͬ
Ű!½ϴ󺰣Уʿ
ɺкͰһϣĳȥ½ӣѾסˣ
ʲôЦ
ǵΪ½ǡͬھۡڻ״̬˵½ӰڽϵֹâȻΪǸߣһָˣ
½ǽͷƮ¡
ͺ¿ţӣȺˡ
½ߵرԼס죬õķ
飡飡
ˣ
ɺվڻԺһר־ŷ飬һȫעس̣ϡݴв֪ĳһһؽС
˴ᣬ߷еĶͱͣˡ
ͱͱɺУѹᱻ˰ɣ
ڰɣɺгɵ˵

Ȼڰġ˸¡һŴšһüͷ塣
ôˣ
šɽ˳ʩƬȷȷʵ⡪ھŮĸ뿪ǰͳˡ
ʲô⣿ɺжپͷ
֪ɽɳһʦǰǣʲôҪٲ顣
ɺгĬƬ̣©ƫҹꡣ
Ҽ£Ӱֽۣʦ£ɽǳΪݣҪʮ޵δ֪ûɢһ졣һ꣬ҹЪ
ʲôˣ
תͷŲɺе۾һһ٣ģˡ
ڵء
ֹ

һ˽֩ķ䡣
½һӣɨȥϵĻҳº̧ۿŸȸŵ½һƣĸֳһЩҰ׵ķĩϲŭֵǾˣɢˣϢ˰ʮһ
ҡ
½Ų
ԼѿزõĶͱóã½һƣĩ£ҲУдţ֪ͨ׼ײġ
ԼԹġ
½档
½̫Ѩһ½ٴȭǰ졣
ٸ߰ĶҲҩˣҵһʰ㡣½һöӸ͸Ҹһҩȥ
½ûƣյļ΢΢
Ҳûƹˣûֵķݡ
½ǳ⡣
ƣ½Цɣϣţ磬һȺ˺ƺƵΪ˽ɱˣͲƣޣһǿõİʴ𵶵£½ţɣҲãҲãΪʲôô
ͺ޲ûϵ
Ǻޣඣ½ġ
ǰ˵̫ˣò;½ûϵ֪ʲôݣ֪˭
Ҿ벻𱡵ôˣնһֻڵôֻڲҲúõ޷ţûָӽȥɱ˷Ż𣬳ǧֻ壬ֻǲˡ
ƾʲôߣ
ƾʲô½ʣ֪֮չ췢ʲô仯֪ӿ޵˶٣ιǣ;ԼԵ£ˡ
֪ɸ߿ȥ񖎣֪ǧػþȥpǣһ֪Ҳžˡ½վĶľתſȥ˭ҩ˭أҲء
֪ģҲ֪
ֻ֪ûһҹ賿۷ŹݣӹӣҲܿһˣǱϾ·
͵š
Ȼ½ӱΪʲôԸҩȣΪʲôԸף
½Ȼԭء
Ҫ̫ˣʮһ½Խ߳䣬Щ걻ߵ̫ˣˡ
ˡ

ɵ紵
ϵͭ࣬ߺţߴٴ׼·ˡͭĳһһƿŮǿʼ۾˰Ѷ
פصĩˡ
һֻ˳ƿ¶ӣ׵ý͸ֱܿȥŶҵһζ
ô硣
𱡵ƲˣͷԼ
ʦϺͰѱӸǺһЩ𱡵ͷ̧ףڷ˳Ų䣬ҹĺۻûȥԼɼʦ˶٣һƴձߵͷ𵽶
𱡵Ʊͷ

ʦְڳĺľϣ
ˣ뿴¶
𱡵ƺȻָȵƿҶں̺ϵѩȹüͷ̲ס塣
·鷳


91 
᲻, Ͼռޡ
ʦں̺ϣ𱡵ƽѩ£ú, ҵڲϸΣһƯĽᡣڵϵ⣬ǰ󴦻оŶۣ̿ϸź˿ĺϼʳ÷״ʽţ׺Ťᡣ
Ϊ˿ۣʦ彫£һЩ
ָʺ, 𱡵΢΢ףʦۺ½̿ۡ
½ָʺȫȻεؽһ˵Сʦۺ̿, ɿָϵʢ÷, ס겻̫Եĺᡣ
Ҫ۵ڶۣ̿ʦָȻһ¡
ô
𱡵Ƶͷ
ʦ岦ڶߵһͷ΢ָһСƬ, ̧ۿˡ
ôû
𱡵ƱԹ
һЩˡ
ʦ岻˵
, һ¾ͺ, 𱡵ҲûĶ, Դϳβ, ǧСһСӳֹط, Ҳû˭׵ġ

ʦ
𱡵ƽʣµ̿һһۺ, һߵȹ塣𱡵ɢ
Ƭ, Щˡ
Уƽʱһ󣬶ºۣƫָϸҪһȦʦ彫ѩȹʱšȵʦΪ˽һס𱡵Ƶ̶ȹʱһֽʱӵĻڽ࣬Ϥġƿסĸо
𱡵Ƶءһ
ʦΪʲô⣬ͣҪҪһ
ͷ
𱡵ưסļ֧壬û
Ūˣ
ʦֵʡ

𱡵ҧҧûסԳ˳ͷ
㡣
ʦ岻ġ
ϸ¾ȷǶû󣬲𱡵סۺ̧ͷ𱡵ʱֻԴ϶©бճ𱡵ƵϣӳһϸխۣԳݺδɢĴɨº۽ǡ
컡
ʦֻƿߡ
𱡵ƲƵһһƿ
ʦ򶨵ȡľᡣ
𱡵бؿ˷Ķһۣòʢĺľͬ໨һͬǳ˸΢źĴС㡪Ȼүݳҵã֮ǧСй֮޲
ʱϲ˽һЩСǿǻԼ̫֡ڵʱͷ£Ҳһż
̫ҵǸżģ
𱡵ƿڡ
̫£ǵͽޣһȺϰ԰εļһôɵżĵز̫רΪСڣؽһżעķӣʮ޶Ҳˡ
ôɺϣ̫żպþ͵ʦ͹Ǹ޼
š
Ȼ
𱡵ָػůصơ
ر˱ۡ
زʱеҩζյһ죬Զӵĳѩ̫ҹ·ϣľݡЩ꣬ʼߣԳĬϸ΢޴ڵĲɼѰ
ΪʲôҼң
𱡵ưƬ̣Ȼʡ
ľᶨһ˲䣬¡
һ̲ס㣬һǰˣһѹסзӿģôĻʦĵ׹
Ȼʲôû˵
ֻĬؽһ֧/𱡵Ũܵķ٣΢˷
쵰
𱡵
סʦ죬ͷȥ
ɢᡣ
΢ɣ䡣ڲ࣬΢Ĵ¸ҹĥĵط𱡵ͷڳᶥ֦ϣȻ𖎳ϸҶ
һգ˫ɫǳǳ۾بŵѩɽʼδı
ǾԼѿڶ
Ҫǵҡ
һֱҡ
ϸҡҷ

ʱ纮
ʹ޵̿դһ㵭⡣ʪ޷ȴδƣϲ
߻ĵĶ˵һ»ɻްζĿҰܿͻᱻθǣҪѸ뿪֮෴ǰǸͷԭྻȻңԶһʱ뼸ྣȼ࣬ĴϢ
ϵģ
ͬ߻ĶӵʿϵԱ߶׳һȦϸɳĵ֦ż򵥵ĵͼ
ϰˡ
ɶӴߣϵһõϣ˵ٱˣ߻Ŀû߻ͷ·Ļᣬߴһ·˵ҪѴȫˡ
ţٴߡ
ϵ˵ڿҰϣûлͷ·ߵģֻ˵ʮϳ˸ڵغͿɣ֮䣬ġ·
Ϊǳغ᲻óǮڿҰϿ·Ϊ¿·Ҳûáںתٳߵߵ꣬ǰϰߣе·ͻѭ·εؾͽ·ˡ꣬¹ȥԭȿٳĵ·ٻ̫ۻɷ˶塣
ö֮ʮϣгǳ֮ڵĽֵͬǳΧС޴ͨ;ҪһǳǰһǳأֻڿҰ֮мѰ棬߻ġ֮ƣɴ˵
߻ĶΪ͹Ͷܴ߻Ķﳤ˶ʮ޴ϵ޸֮ƼһڿҰ϶ɹǲϤĳһĵΣһķָơ
߻ߣζС
Ψоḻ͹ܸԼľԭҰ΢С仯жһ򣬴Ӷ·ȥľϡһ͹жϳ߻ľŨεķգԽŨԽ࣬ȫûĿܾԽ
ʱ߻ĶҪߴˣûлصԭĵطȥˣҲ类ˡ
ˣʮһҥǣ
߻ĳ߻ĳ
ѻͷ
ҲߣҲߡ
߶ͷ
ı߻ĵա
ԽǶӴ߻Ķӣͷ͹Խϵ̶һ֦ڵϻ˼ߣֲֶһ۾ͷ
ӵһᣬ̲סֵϵϽҲ̫˰ɣ
㶮ʲôϵһϣ·ûôߡ
ôߣѹեҵ
ֹ
˵ͷжϵ°ɣԲһ곤ʿڵǰʱ䣬̫ڲǶ޽ڵǱߵ̫ÿһʲô䣬ؿɣˡ
ǲ޵𣿺ӿʲôϵ
Դ˺߻ĶѾٹעʿˡŻǿɣǳ˷ȥȥɣһɽԽķûϵ
˵곤ʿԾЦϵȥû϶ӣ
¬֪
ͷ
죬㶮ʲô𣿡¬һָͷ֮УѭΣķܲɸںõĹ켣ϢϢصһǣһȫ԰ŲҪͬɣǩֻһǵ£Ҫšο̫һģǸһ̫䡣
ƶǶ
¬̸ˣҲ͵̫ҵλʦһͰչêˡêԬ˵ģêһģ켣űܣеǡ֮ǧʮ޵Ǹһˣ
ԬԱƺ˵֣ˮԺͨλ壿ˡͼλɣ϶䡣ȻԬ
֪¬΢΢ס
λԬЦʵҽ⣬ȫǴԬǰЩдġ˵ա϶ģʰԬ۰ˡһԣת˻֮ձ̫Ҹ˺Ȼͬ޿Ұ߻ĵˣ򷴳ߴ·ˡӿ޵΢һЩҲв߻ĵĶʧ·ŨΡǰ첻һ֧߻ĶӵĲк𣿡
ֲЩ춼֮
Աߵ˻Ȼ
ߵ̫Ҳ̫˰ɣǵСʦ洳ôǾȻšڰײ֣Ƿǻزŵһл˾Ͳô
̫ڰԵҲһˣ¬˵ѵˣǧǰΪ˼С£ֱӺͿɣսҾ;ãأɲŸеġ
˵ɣҲʲôöԱߵ˲ڣɽ󷢵ϭĲ˵ɣ̫Ϊ峤ǽ䱻ɱ˽pиʲôաţö˶˵ؾͱˡ˽£ɣҲһ˰ɣ˵֮ǰ绨ȺͿɣˣӿ޼ǳؾͻȻˡ
ɣǺö̫ҵĳʦǺö𣿡¬Цɣ˽ģҲֻǸһһص£żƺ⣬ȥйй˽ߡλʦҪ룬һҹ޹⣬ȴֹʣĸ£
ڵ޻ϵ֦תλ͹
ϵӿĵ㳤ߣô
ϵվɶڵģҲ֪ͷˣҲˣ߲ã˶ýͷ
˵ţغһ
Ϲڡ
ḻ͹ô˵ڵ˲˵ˣŽг̣ҲмԹûڳµ̫Сʦ
ˣϵģɤźඣඣඣ
ĵʿɢȥ׼ˡ
ϵ࣬°鳺󣬻ͷԺһ䣬Ƚ춯߻ĺ󣬼ǵտЩ¼ӽ߻ĶӵˣرСڡһǮ˼ҵĴС˽
ִССӣû߹ģ׵ӣһӾ׳¡
ϰϵ߻ĶӵһͥȥͷʾԼ֪ˡ
Զ˽Сں󣬾;ϵϹˡ
С԰Լõչ˵ò

ҰϻصϵϺǣӁǰ
𱡵ûдڳڼݳʦԱߣһϸݣ²ͼʲôӳĴС㣬ҰҰݶϲ˰죬ʲôҲû
Ϲڡ
𱡵ɿ֣Ǹݵڷ糾ȥȥǵãڡԶǵãԶ֪

ЦЦģ
¶
ʦס۾ס
סдĿ⣬𱡵ưãסʦ徢ݵĹ»꣬þȫץסΨһĸľ
塣
ĵغ
ʦսֱۣؽ


92 þ
ԶԶ׹ɽ, ⴩ܵԭһƬ׵ɫ, ҲãľҲã·һ˪
޴ڡ
ʦĿֱԶǰյ絶档ס߾ȫؿƶ΢΢Ȼӵ𱡵ƵȴʯݺҲı䡣
úݵعס, زظ˪֮⡣
ǰС
𱡵ʦ廳ϤĲľҩζԼڻ谵泵ľתĿ֨, ݲʯʯľϵžһָһ, ʱꡣ
ʱһӵס
֮أҲ롣
ЩδƷĶԹޡ
塣
ʦ𱡵Ƽŵ
þ߽
ʦסǵһЩָ᲻ظĲ, Ӧ, Ҳǰ𱡵Ʋ, , ľͬƬضԶȥˡֻʣһ, Ѫ, İ
ʵ㲻ů
ʦ±ȳ˸, ֻܸԴ΢亮⣬ָʲôů͸ɲбȵӵˡ
طˡ
ֻ˰
𱡵Գ
ʦ彫ס𱡵Ƶĺһ, ָϣǿƶƵ̧ɢĳմڳ𱡵޵ĴϣУ԰׵Щ͸
㲻ˡ
ų𱡵Ƶ۾һһ١
𱡵ƶؿ
㲻ǡ
ʦظһ顣
ǰδеǿӲִּᶨظһ϶ʵ
áġ
𱡵Ƶ˵
˳ؿʦļϣһӼҵĴС㣬Լ϶ƴӡʦһɢͷ쵽ֽб׹Ĵ²ãȻֽѹѹ
ҪǶԼ塣
𱡵Ʋ
ֻˣֻݡ

߻ĶѾ뿪ԭƽ̹ƬҰһƬΪ᫵ش
ϰԵؿû˭ӡ
ĩʱ۽ǺȻ̲סһ¡
ֻһξϣƯò񻰵ǧСͳĬԵĺһǰĺľϣ˵ľ뼫ðɣɴ˵бֱ˻һҲĿؿļ
ġ
Ǹ˶Ҫۣ
ҪǺһԴ˶ǷҰ˰򡱵ıʣȥʣôյôλģ
бҪ𣿡
˵
·ʱ䶼ҪһҲ̫̫̫̫˼˰ɣ
ԱϵϵԣǱ߳һۣͼֲֵջĿ⣬Ь˵ɶӣ˼ҵǧС㣬ॸôϣʮа˾Żǵûȥġܸôһ𣬿϶Ҫһ𰡡

һ¡
ϵı˸Ь׵Ьĵýʵһ㣺ⱲӾͼΣ󣬲ǹܲӣԼܻȥǼ׷ץȥˡС
̾˿
ϣӳȥɡ
ٻͷȥȻˡ
Ϊ֪δʲôӣ֪ǲʲôʱҪ»صȥٶСʱҲҪϧҪĿ⣬ץסκһ㴭Ϣ֮һ
ˣϵ£ñһЬĺļ򣬡ųˣСأɶʱϱ˵ҲϴСˡ
߱ߣ˼Ů޿ңʲô취
һϵžͿʼˡ
㣿ǻΪһģмǮһһܣڶܹڳԺˡϵһۡ
˳ǣøʿΪ¿ĿɲǷ˵һףǮûΪûҲʹ˵ʿǷˣûǮǸҪĴⰡɽƷġᡷг׷˵ķһǡͶã֮衱Ҳ˵ϲǸޣһѺýٴαǽʽ롭
ǣһѺý۸ͶһԺӰ
ʱҲȶǵ㡶ᡷ˵һϵзҪ󡭡
ˣϰ֮ˣš
ϵੲݵ߶߶ԽԽ𾢣ɸֵͷ
޿̣ץס϶һѪԸҲǸ𣿡
߶߶Ȼֹ
˾䡰ȥǰ濴ûʲôҰޡϵЬ֮ǰˡ
ϵıӰطЬ
Ƶط˰
ɢˣݻƵĹľϣӨ¶ˮԽԽߵ̫£ѤõĹ⡣ʱ͡ડһ䵽Уʧ
¶

̫ˣѾɢˣ𱡵ʦ廳Ƶġ
ǲԶĵطһܰ峵˵ˣ߶߶
ԱиͷǮĹﲻͷЩֻɬĵ伮˼ͭٴͷһۡ˵Ǯͣ´߰飬һ渵
еǡ˵衯˵ǵӰ¼һ桭
˵Ȼᣬʱǡô˾ģҲǱע⡣
˵˽ʱ򣬳𱡵ڳСʱѾβˣûʲôȻ˿̣˵˴ͷ𣬰˯ѵĳ𱡵ƻ˻ᣬȻۡʦôˡ
з硣
ɡ
𱡵ҡҡͷֻ££ĺ
˵˽һۣ߻ĹûǮٸˣ飬ҡͷԵҪ
ȻأһӴԲඪ˹
˵תͷһͼԶϣλ֪ļӳ˾޵ĴСɻµں
ҲǶη˹
˵ְҵԵز˲˵Ĺ£΢һ飬ͱ԰Ƴһۡ
һϽסԼ߰ķɢͷ
ڶۣ﹫ƣ
˵˽ӰµľһƳ߲ͭе̧׶ӣβϸ⡭дµȥԼӰڵ۵ĩβȴ֮˵һ仰
ɽɫãȥң
𱡵ЦЦ
Ҫڶۣһһգ𱡵ƾ֪νġʮа˾ţͬ½ĺ¡ږǣ½еʱ϶մīˮ
Ϊ˸ʲôһҳͲ²
Ⱥȱ
ɽˣϣǸһһߴĺ
š
𱡵ƺȻһü
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Ƿһ¡
ʦ塣
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𱡵Ʊ˵Լ롱ڿڱתת־Լ룬һӶ֪ʲô
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93 ɽ
þ⡱ĸԳ𱡵ƿ˵, ʦֵʶһգƥ״˸, нɽĳһΡӦѸ٣ڵ𱡵֮ǰͻָƽȡ
𱡵ûȴסԼֱȻһ
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ǵģ𱡵ƺЦˣƼٵرԹ, ˶ռˡ
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˵㣬ɲ˵Ϊʲô㣬Ҳʦ, ǰ֪ʲôȸʯڶ߻ζ, һҡҷĻ, Ǳݹ˵ĴС, ϲŭֱĪȴ˵ֻһζҪ˳⡣
á
ͻı仯, ʦȴûһ˿, ϸĵذ
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лĵĶ߽һƬ׵ɽȣɽխ, 鲻òһǰСΪ·̫֮䶼һξ룬ǲٽ̸ȫעؼݳһЪԵøͻ
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ɳɳ𱡵Ὺڡ
ҪҲ²ʱңҪҲµõʱҡ
ҪҲ֪ʱңҪ֪ʱҡ
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ӵеȫȻİҸֻʣôһ㣬ͬС²ŪеӣȥֻôȼšҪһ²ɺööݣӵкܶܶο֡
Ҫڳʱ˵ңҪ˵ңҪĺ˵ҡ
Ҫڴʱ˵ңҪʱ˵ңҪ˪ʱ˵ңҪڶѩʱ˵ҡ

ӻӽ竱һƽϵˣϸϸغ㣬ôһ仰ůȵطֵļֻһ˿һԸ˷ѡ
Ҫܶܶİĵ׵Ŀհסá
ΨһܸЩһ׮һ׮شӦ
ھЩ𱡵ָ۽üתһ˿ȻϲãԺ뵽ٲ䡣
á
ʦ֣شӦ
Ĳ˵˿еķԼɫμˮʯж֪ôԳ𱡵ƺá𱡵ϲʲôȥʲôϲʲôͿʲô
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𱡵̧ͷһȻֱչȥ΢Ĵһ¡ʦʲôӦ𱡵ƾ°Լѻ
ˡ
𱡵΢һЩ
˯һᡣ
˵ţۣľ˯ȥˡ
ѵʱԽԽˡ
һʼھɺ䶼׵ؾڣ߻ĵĶ鳵ꤲϣϵʱͭصȴг˯ȥ
֮ǰڳʦͻͭյȼΪо
ϵıУǧ챵ĵо㣬һһ֮ڡԡϡʮ޵ʿһ㶼ᾡԼĻˣΪһܴ֮䣬˾ͻ
һλҩȵʿ˻ܴ󣬾ܹѣҲױΪоеԭλʿϧһ¡󣬼¼˻ǲʶĸо
⣬֪ƾ絴⣬ٹ಻ƮƮĿĹˣٿǧٿǳǧɭɭȻһ䡣Ȼգɳض𣬳ǳһգ׳Ѻ֣Ѫ̻ΪҲ
¼һмź󲻾ãλҩȵҽ޾ͷˡ
Դ֮ʮ޵ʿԻη塣ܹʶܴʱ񰲻ĲҩмСУ챱ǰ֮⣬ƳϸΪоȼպܹбٳһƬղ˱á
仪գȼ֮[1]˵ıô
ږǵʱʦ𱡵Ƶһյֽı챡ֻ̫󣬻û˭ݳ޵ȼɽ¦ûϳôڳ𱡵ϵôȴޡ
ֻܿʱʱѡ
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ʦ徲ؿ˳𱡵һᣬסĶ䡣
߻ĶӲ֪ʱͣǰߵǽ¶ڻҰʬһһŲһ֧߻Ķӡֻûϵ֧ˣߵ·ͬŨΡǧˣϢ
еҰʳʬ壬еĻûãеֻʣһ߰׹ǡ
ЩǵһμһĻ߻ؽʬᵽ࣬һǲæһ£ʱޣ̫ã䣬Ǻпܾͱµİ׹ǡ
ϵͳֽǮһһա
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߻ĳ߻ĳ
ѻͷ
ɫԲֽǮƮƮеĹ֦ϣеĹڹľУе䵽ʯеĸڸõİ׹ϡ
ҲߣҲߡ
߶ͷ
ֻϵһڳ˶ĬĬؼǰСΪ˽ʡʱ䣬һЩֻ¶ֱۡȹǻ­ǵĲкûڳˡֱӴȥ˭Ҳ֪ǲֵԼڻҰС
ϵһֽǮա
Ҳ߰Ҳߣ
Ǹͷ
СС׹ǡ
ͷ飬졣
˯ĳ𱡵ڲĸü
ҲãסҲãʹ
ʦѳ𱡵ԼֻԼһһظ
ϲ㡣
ˡ
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94 
ɽ, ˮѡ
̺졣
𱡵ۡ
涵ķɣҶһ, мִۣۡɢ̧һ¹ߣΪ˯̫ãһʱЩԼôڷɣ˯ˣʲôʱˣ
aϹģּȺࡣ
Ab棬Ǣ񡭡[1]
ֵĹĵ״
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, ôѽ
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˭
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ܵøҡһ𰸣
޵Ц߸
˭ں˭ԹγЩģӰӣЩԶȥ߷ЦЦôôĺ⣬γһϣСǧеš
ˡ
ΪʲôԼҪһеˡ
Ҫڱ֮ǰӳȥⲻһƵΣԴǸСĸŮ˺ξͱԽԽʵԤУٲߣĻᱻгû
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°׹ڵġˡϣƵֽϵ֡
أ/ʱꡣ
üĿĺ°׹ɿ֡
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ƴ꽫նʮһ·ͻôƪ빣ӯ³ֵ𣿡ҪĲ㣬ѵĿɣη㣬ϣżɵ㡭Թų̰ݶ֪ж֪㣬ļˡô꣬ôǲ
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95 ߳ȥ
֦ɳɳ졣
ϢڲԶĽ̽¸޴Դ, Ҫĺ°׹ڵꡣһĳϣƿһȥ, 첻ܡ˵ţֹŹֵЦڿûë
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˼ɽϵ棬ôô쵱ϸҲ룬⻰θ͡
ҹŮףææǵģ͹ˣٸڹܵĿһɽ¶֪Ҫȥ

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ݳϿЦҡͷû¡
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һֱҵǽò࣬˴Ⱦ϶Է¶ȣ𱡵Ʋɿ֣β΢죬ɢɢʦļϣΧĻ
ֱʱ𱡵ƲŷԼϸʦĺ멣һֻߴİ¹ţһƬϵɭС¹ˮʹʯөط裬żзĲľһӶһֻ๵֦ͣϴ˯ͷһһ㣬ѺҴææչ
Ҷɳɳ졣
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𱡵ưվԭأǰֱʱO@ϸ죬һֻϤסʮָۡ
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𱡵Ƶͷֲ֦֪ʱֱߵĳˡ
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𱡵΢΢һ£Ȼ򴽡
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97 һɽɫң
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98 
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ֽű͸ˣּܱϣ֪ıŴѧԴҳоǡ丸աһ׳Դں̫ż䡭ĲҳΪ丸׷ӰʱӰ
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ʦɿ֣ʪֽŵػǵˮУת۱ˣܿµֽ˳źƺƵˮˮϰ棬µ°ڱˮչûжΧعŹֵľֳһ˿һľ졣
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ֻʣ¸Öɽ̳ķ绨ˣòð
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99 һ㣬޲
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
Ӹһ𵹷ɻ
Էӵƽشڲϣ䲻ɽ¶ˮϸȴֹâ, ȴ
˵˵˲䣬½
ɺƳʧɫʮһ
һ֮Ͻ꣬սɽϵĸֶԸֻûκλ񳯴ûжСϰ, ɺܿһƣһǷ״͵Ӳʢ, ĸһرܣֻˣɺлǱֱӽĳˡ
½ʮһ, Ǹӹ, ￸סһƣ
½š
ɺͬʱʯ˳, һȥ, ͬʱؿڵľʹһڵ, ˸һҡĸڲɺϵһ, ֱӴ͸, ˰ϡֱ˿̣ᵽ˺Ϊʵ⡱
ۼĸһ½, 룬ĨһֱѪֱϣһס
ĸӨ׵ָһͣ͸ѹ
һɲͣͣҩСǿŤ±˹ȥһ֣ʮöǰͫ
Ϯĸܣָһա
ʮɲǻΪ촷ۣӨ糾ȷȷʵʵˣЩӨĳȴѸΪһģĻĸС
һ֮޵֮ʣΨṦм츳ǻֳȭġƫϰһݣȡ칤֮䶾֮ѷר˽мСͶļʮöڲпգһȥеɑһ𼤷޴ڡ
һ졣
ھչɑһ˲ͺɽˮ㱻ɽһɫҰ׵½һλϢֵİ¼͹¼͹ָڴĸӨ׵ײһ
ε·һչ
ôʲôèҲ󣿡
ĸ۲ת԰¼͹ӹЦ
¼͹ƺһ½ĺ죬αֱ󻬳һξ룬İӺͲɺǰͣǶ˻ס
ϡ֣½ˣɫǺܺÿ½ʶһ£¼͹󶪵ӺͲɺи
ӽ֮Ѩ
¼͹ٴ֣ԴڸסĲƽش
½ɺԱߣֲըʯڵĶôȴûʲôע⣬ѨͷˣֻǶԷڵȵĿ꣬ĸˣ
žડ
̴£ذߡ
ô죿
½ڵϣת۾򲻶ɺУһʱֲ¼͹ĸ˭˭ѡƽĶۣĸˡ
ɺϵϽɫȥһЩ֪ʲôʱֿ½ʹɫֻ΢ɾҡҡͷ
˼ǰǴһ
ϣڴ˿̣ҶȻʯͷŴŵشͷ䡣ڶŵİ¼͹ͬĸһɫ΢䡭һֳƵص˶ߣ·ǴӲ֪ĵص״ֱŭ

ڡƵ
ˮһһлʯְСľ߽ˮУΪһƬεضɣ֣ף̾׹⡣ľµ系һʯ̨һ»µ۳ߣʦҲۡ
µĳǣȻһ龲ɽˮ
ǵصף֪ǧɣһϹ硣
һ꣬ҪȥصǲɽҪȥΪνһս·ӿޱżѬ׿ݣ¹٣״ݣͣ½ŲҪһɽıһ·ϣֻʣһһö硣
Сӣ޴ᡣ
иὫӿɽصסˣ˻ɽϣεǽγˮ۳ĺ󡭡СľСһǡ
һö֮硣
һٹɽˮ֮䡣
̤ݵʱ򣬳һһϮ£ʲôûˡ
ĺδ顣ҹδ顣ϦѷգϦհ桭ġޡСꡢ¹񡭡гǵĳΧŵµʯ̨һߵһݣһݸһߵߵ
ǵ곯ȴ֪ϸսȴһѪսȴһ񲢼
Цʮ޻κУȴ޳ްһСﰲȻʣһֱʿ볯ǣȻ֪Цԡɽˮꡱȥ
ǳǵ
Сã
ǵܽڳǣǲǾͲսǲҪôֻ֪пԹ˼£ǲǾͲһֱ֪
ͬսչǡ
ɶӣһ
ôͱķķ湶ϣ
һһ뼡Ǻͻǣһղ飬һҹðߡ
ɵȵ鲻ԸԼ۾СĳƵغӤ
ǵİôͱѪȾ
Ц̵ɣôͿˣ
Ϧһ硣Ϧһҹ֣ݺʯ̨ӯ裬ĵطһȦһȦӫһһ֮׷ϣϢû塣
ÿһӫ֮һǱڳǵص׵صԭϡ
ݵǶ
ұ࣬ǣҾǧ곯ǾɽֵǵĶ
Գһưˮƺ
ղ׹ҹ粻ߡ
صװ罥ߣԵпյľзɳУһطϡ

򶫣Զ򱱣ͬʱϱ綫îϱ֮еһɫĹ˷۵һգһ¡
ˮ𱡵Ƶļ
ſڿľϣѹһɽ־֡˯ţ鼹ϵѩѪɼʦ廷ʼսı赲⣬һֱ𣬲ɿָ֣Ĩȥ鼹ϵ֣̽һҸĹ¡
ջ֣⡣
ҵһ綬ճѩ
ѩˡ
Ĳ໯Ϊ˷׷ѩ
ѩڣѩĹø¥εض𣬹ѵĴָƽ̹;ѩеƻϴˡѩУ¶߶߶ݵģ߶صһԲӣһŪī˵ӡ
ʦϸؽһһľ
ĨĨҪĲãҪů˪Ҫ֣Ҫ˶
Ҫ͸һ硣
ܾúܾǰ𱡵ƴһߣ߹ɽӣʲôգժŽʦΪʲô˵˼ĳҲ㿴ҽļþγʱ꣬һƽõ硣
ûǸƽõ硣
λҪļγ׹ˡ

ӿ£һָֻڷֽס
ʦ彫ŵ𱡵£ãӳ𱡵Ƴ˯աֹˣѻʯ̨ߵĵϼĹ⣬𱡵ӵͬʱΪһݹȻױ
ڡû˳ĵˮޣɽˮľֻſڵϣſ֦ϣſʯϣʯ̨ϵĺһΡаߣҲ
ɽӰ㣬ˮ㣬ذ㡣
ʦʺ£ڳ𱡵ϣָһѩǡ
һ㡣
޲֣ƽϲ֡

ɡ
񡣡
羲ɽ
⣡񰲿
Ұ˳ޣ볪ഫף裬ƿĿ磬Ȼײӿǧɱš

شŵ̫Ԩׯ־ŭ
屻Ұζ֮ض꣬ҹϽȻȺʵŭǶϱţƫԼһűУȹƣһǵ̫Ԩׯһ
˴̫Ԩׯϲԥ
һ磬ľʣҽسʡ
һһȥʮ﷼ɫһȻ磬ɲǼ䣬ްн⻯󣬺ƺƵɱˡ
ͷϣһֱű˯ȣһƬɳɳǵأִϡãط糶顣峤ƽδʱôһ˲ϣһĨк˪ʣһݿµס
һҲҳۣ
޴ЦȻ˶Ҳñһĳ
ȥ꣡
Ѫ֮֮ײӴ˶Ĥ
ƺһ˷ɳ̫Ԩׯӳӻ֮¡䵽ޱϣձһЦϳ϶ʹľնһ㣬̫Ԩú˪һƶӲ£һһȫȥˡ
㣡
³һѪŭĿӡ
޲ھĻ죬Ȼȣϳ϶ɣ߹
շת
ޣеʩһλĶƽٻ𣿣ɵĻתһµֳַľ췣𣿡
δ𻰣˺糵߳գʵ
췣
ߣֳַİµɫ΢һ䡣ʮ̫Ԩׯ˲˼ΪʲôԵеʦһ˹ͬʱʣԥֱ
µһݣһҲľһӦ˲еԽ֮
ʦȻЦˡ
Ἣ䡣
˭ǣں


100 е
е, һģұɡ
µʿὣ, Ьմˮڲ֮ϣһÿƵĸ߸󻭴ңңԡ¼ﺣ澲ֹˮֹˮ֮⣬ѩ߸һߵֹˮμ
ɭܸ߾, ᾣаŹ֡
ºĺУкߣп, ֻаʮһˡ
˼°׹ڵúƻ, ֧ͷԼЦʮŲô̫Ҹ߾ŵһ, Ҫأ
˵, ʲô, 뵺ƺŭ, Ȼײһаɺ۾ӰŤ, ȴӦ, Ψһ߰ѩһӶ, Ȼ죬һػ֮
һɹ⻡, µʿеĽʡ
׵¥ɹ̫ԡ
̫ҵһҶѩ
жѻɵءҶѩûȥʵķɹ⽣ֻתһӿ޷򣬼ĻǳްһĨ׷Ϻ졣ԶջĿ⣬滭ϵĺ°׹ڵĴңʮ˴˼䣬ΪͬԹ̫ҲǣֻҪһ
̫ҶΥˣڻ˵ʲô
ľԳ֪ΪκȻŭȻСɽٴΰθߣڱ֮
̫ҴδĽ벽ҶѩЦҪˣʮǰǲԸ̫ͬսתǩġ̫Һǩ°֣
࣡Գһĳ涯˭֪ͬɣһ
Ҷѩǰһ
һ̤һϸ۰ߴƽƶҲжƣֻôƻʵǰʮʮʮ֮ԳһĿͱƽĨȥһϢת˲ִûǰˮײϾԳơ
Գһ߬סͺ顣
𣬾ҪһԾȥѶĵʿ˺顣
ĵ㣬׹һסתҶѩʲô
ʮϽ벽Թ㡣Ҷѩƽ
ζҵΪ֮·û뵽˲飬ֻּһҲ·
겻ܴǧǧɣʢգʱʢȣʲô
һӡ
Ҷѩ¹
̫Ұʮĳǰһ̤ƷȣȻࡣɲ֮䣬ϣ壬ǧ֮ӿảһΡȻǽȥ·Ȼضϡ
ǧǰὣϿɣ̫س硣
ʮ
ʡ

ӿ޷
תػɽϹһݷĻ
̫Ԩׯ˲䣬ǧ̱ǧ򵶽ͬʱգ׵ڵ뵶뽣֮γһƬµĻɽףɽӼɽɽȫ늹֣ݷĻϣһϵ޴ӵ
Уÿ˵ӡ
γϽվޱ̫Ԩׯʮš
ʦ糵գԡ
𣬷ЦճϽǣ˫ֺʮԴϲӭһЦڳϽշࣻڷҩ½Ʈңһ𵤶б̻ӿȷ𣬷绨Ī̤ϡ
һ
ҷ࣬ͨʿ⵶󣬷׷׶
һʱ֮䣬ǧ﷮ûɱɭȻϢȻڸˣ糵Գֵӣòʮֵľ衣кܴһ֣ŭɫڡˣһԼĳԹ
ʦɱն
һǧҲãɣҲգ̫ˡ
֮ΪѪ𡱲Ϊ
һ¸ǹԱŶ˵һ䡰˭ǣںЦһ߳һȥϺ/ǹ׷ǹӰһǧٵƺƵն
ǧ٣ʮˣǹΪһ
ߴܰ׷ˣЧж̫ҽѩþӵһ߶䵶޽Ūǹ֮ʢڳһǹ
ǹ
һǹ뺣ɢŲ
ǹԱһǧٵǹӰӹɽɽֱ£ٴڳһǧǹһ۳һɫֱȻʦ塣
ʦֻؿվڻ֮µİµ
ԣ糵δ
նµľͣǰʮǹвɫĹâǹһ˲Ϣţݾ࣬ΧĿռ˺һѷ졣Ȼǹȴʼֻܵһգһ硣
һһʦҵĮȻ䣬ᣬȴشÿһ˶Уɽ̳ĵĹ׳ϣڷɽӵܣֻǡ
ǹϸơ
ɶ񡣡
꣡
ĿĽڿըǹصһͬΪ촷ۣ
ǹƺһĵˣϢ˲ήңǰȥһض̫ԨׯҪǱ֡
ĿһĻвɫ΢䣬ӰӰΣʵ߸һЩȻʦϣȴһҲ١ֻһ棬ǹܡԵ֮ԶһĻ̫¡
ӷ𡣡
Ц˫ֺʮǰһз׷׹´ɢǹâȥ
ڿգ¸
Ŀɣڹ׳ϲµһɱ֮УʮֽպʮְµӰհ³ֵ˲䣬Ϊ֮һӵɽھĹʯɽ£¡¡֮ڶ
ʮյ̫峤Ӱɫ䣬ʦңңԣҲ
ôң
ԴŮӵЦֱּ졣
ʹĤЦɽȻɽ̫ԨŰµɫһ䣬һ棬͸ذɡһѸ羪ףЦȽø죬¡Уǧصʯͬʱ˷ɳ
һӰԹ̳зҡֱ
ĸ
̫峤ɫһ䣬ǰû˭뵽Ů˻
ţ̳ӳһӰ¼͹ٽ½ӵ޻أֹסʯ̫峤΢һǷǸӽܣδס

̫峤֪ĸʵ˺Ӧԣ̲ס߳һ
ӽ⣬ֻĬĬվһɽʯϡ
ڱչĸڿУǰһĻԳԷЦĿһźͰӹϡϽ߲֪ʱһľϻľϻѾ򿪣¶ʢеһߡ
ĸ꣬ѵҪʹ׹аҵ֮һ𣿡̫峤˼תԻ
ĸֻǿһϤߣЦøˣЦñ˫ʡ
Ȼˡ
Ц绨ʦ壬˵ļ
Ȼ㡣
ӵ̫峤ɫ࣬һ̤Ӱâʢԭ໥ᣬãø壡λĸǳ˼䣬Ϊ
ĸڽ
ϴɫ̫峤һ㶡ĸĿ˵ĹŹ֣·µһһж㡣
ôĸ£޳˫ȽһһֻӳŪĿ⻺ɨеԼߣʵڣǻ֪Լ˭ǰڣ
֣ųɵһͷˮ
̫峤üͷһ壬øӳˡ
ΨԴϲշ͖ɽ̳ĵĹ׳ɫϸ΢ı仯ɫ䣬ʼһƬȻ
ӦĸִЦ
ǻ²ĵǿ⣬һָ俴ʦ塰ڣǻ֪˭
̫峤üͷһ֪ΪκȻӿһֲԤС
ǿɣһһŲһһ𣡹ĸЦǰϣЦЪ˹ŤĺͿͬʱ毺ĵϣ



101 Ϊһ
̫峤Ȼ, µ̫ԨׯͫϽһЩֱӾɢ, ȷչĺɲͣ͡ޱߵľ£ޱߵĺȻޱߵͬʱԺըը¡¡һƬ
ʦ塣
һǧǰճһ߳Ͻһ糵նʮޡ
ϣʮ֮, ʵϣͨʽûзֺϵʦУѪ, ѣ, ϵҲãɣҲգô, ûܲĸס·ֻǸȻķ, ɱն, ΪС
һǧ, ֪ŶʹٴΣ˭Ҫʲô
˭Ҳ֪
ɣ, Ҳ𰸡
һֱϾų, ʦ״Ŀ, Ʒһµĳ𱡵Զ, ˴𰸣еһУһĸغ򡣿δɢȥйصһУ̫̫ǰ¡ȻʯǡûмӰδ
ʱûټ
Թޣ޹ء
ʲôһУ
֪ԽԽԻ󲻽⣬ֱĸЪ˹شЦűɢ˭Ҳû뵽һش
һ̫ĵ̵̫Ĵ𰸡
һƬž
ôĸԳЦţβô˵ˣ
̫֮峤ȻѣһӱźͼȵĿ־Ťޱȣָĸʹ⣬ͶĵаħҲԻڣ
ĻһƬȻ
ŻǿɣΪԼĵͳ
ΪеͳĴڣ߲֮ʱԲ˭ҲԸĸ˵Ļ˭ҲԸںʵһֱŷ֮񲻳˸Ц
ѵһ˵Ļ̫峤ܣߵЩͼЦյ˸Լ
ȻָߵòÿɣһЩɫ԰׵ͣ˴ܹǰӿ޲ΧɱߣһǰеľӢˣ֪ıȳҪһЩ硭ڲǰpǵ±˸ˣ
ϵôĸ֪ʱֹסЦȻø翣ߣӦüǰ
̫峤Ȼֹ
ءӲ塣
׹£ľϻϹϾ߾ٹͷ߷ɳľϻʦС
̫峤Ȼʼһһˡ
ߣ
ȷߣ
˵ɣдѪ峤Ӧüߡڷɣ£һطǴ峤ýĹżУһ̫йصıڻһŹƮҡһںϷۡ
ɣ峤ǼǷڻֹһΡ
ڴ֮ǰ˭Ҳûзʲôܡ
̫žѾ̫̫Զˣڿɣ⹫ھУλһЩϰߣгϲ²ɽߵɽ֮䣬񹲸蹲뾫ͬͬϷһȱ˵ʱΪ˲ϳһߡ
̵ֿİĸϲŭѱߣͨأͨʲô
ܡ
̫峤ɫҰף
ʶô꣬ԼɣԼ죬״һ˵ܡ
ǧУȥɣϣһ˵šŲڵƴɱר벼ڲɽϾ֮üķ١
ͨҪ񽵡
ʽУʵͨһý顣ǳУףʦףŮǣҲͨߵķʽӶó壬߶ݵصóͨأ
ͨأ
ܣܣ̫峤غܿܿ׸ߺڣйͨأ̫ôûи֮ˣ
ĸӸµظ·ڿһС
̫˵̫ʲô
ǰ̫ʲô
ʦָ¶һ죬þõ
ܿܿ˲Բԡ
ʱһµٲ˷ˡ֮ţĺδ١ʱʮ޶ûɣδΪİޱ޼ʣ֮ĵһǣֽġ
ֻ֡
Ҳֻ֡
ʦҵӡϵĽơ
ϡ䣬ֿǲľСݣµЦ⣬ñպıʼ˵ô󣬳ĵһ
ܲ
֪ܲ㴥ݻľʱʲôо
롣
ף紵ǳĻ䡣
ʱϵĳǳֻһණá
ĳĬЦʲôأ϶а취ġҼ졣
á
˰취
һʽúȥľߴԼϡ
ôһͨʽԼϣҲԵø棬һ²ѯĸܣһָ΢˷ߣһЩܸо𣿡
ľָµӡǣϢ
Ȼ塣
סѪҺ¶һλĺ
ʱ֪иʽС𡱡
ֱ׹䡣
ʼպúûŵ߸߸˵˾˭Ҳ׵ıǸ˵Ҫһƽõ磬ֻܸһȱ˼䡣˵Ҫһƣֻܸһִϣ
̫ûɡ
̫Լûء
׹䣬ǧ

Ӳס
ʦ˱ۡ
׹һ̣ûкڣҲûԹޣֻǸֻеǡǾԼǾû̫ûüǵ߽˼ã֪
һԼС
ڽʲôǡС֮
ʦۡ
ߣԼϡ
ͷɵɵȻһ
翺Ƶ˷ת̬֮סķĹݡӰҡβݣӰյеһŤĻռ·ֻʣº糵¸ߺ䡣
ԸⲻǵãԸⲻԹ޲ڣҲԸ⡣
ǵأɱҰ
Ϊһ䡪
ƾʲô


102 Ϊ
ʦһ仰, ˵ĶĤͬʱ졣
޵̫ɱ̫أڳױһ, ԖɽΪģɽɽףɽɽɽͬʱŤͬʱ˺ѣͬʱŭһһԭ۾Ρĸɽת˲ǧ֡
񷶥Ȼµѹ, ҪԲǧ֮ڵһ촷ۡ
еȫоֲֿĺ⡣
첻ԸܸزԸصĺ⡣
ĸȻȻȫչǳǳ, ΪԼһռ䡣
̫峤ƺһڱǶͬʱʳɫѪ̫ѪѪб, 𽥳ɫ·ԼԼͬչĹ̫֮ƳֺѹȻᡣ
̫峤д, ̳, ˵м䡣
пɣϵ¶ļʼָʽ, ֿ˼صĺ⡣
ת, ֻʣ¼ǴҲӵʡ
Ϊ, Цա½Ī𡢰ϳ׳ϵ˺ܿ, ڸɵ˶ԭؿ֧, ɸνؼ䣬ڤ, ڤ®ҰкسΪϵԵΪ֮
ڤԸڱǣԸٳǣָúȥδӣ
ԿգؽԿգԿգڡ
Цһ̤ඥͨǿкȵĹһɫĹ¡
һ䣬ʮһɮ⵱ͷȣ³һѪ籡ؼԵķз𾭣߾ȫԴ˶Կɱ
Ȼ졣
ʦ糵ʡ
ûпڷһֻۣʡ
Ĺӹգת˲͵˷ǰʮһɮŭȣʨ𡣺ʮһֻʨëչŭţӹұܶӭնǵ쳤硣
һߣ̫峤ץסʱȻһӰ
ûܹ̫峤ʦһ̵𾪺Ϳ־塣Ŀ־˵Ŀ־岻ͬΪһֱŷصͳط񶨵Ŀ־壬һָĿ־塭ĳЩˮĿ־壡
־嵽˼㷴һĺݾ
ԴԹ̫ѪΪɫӰѸתɲĺں졣
һ̫һһеĺڶӺڶӿۻѪʱ֮ռŤǡաȴܴһ˿ůĸоֻһ˵Ŀ̹
Ӱɺںɫһɲ̫峤һ߱ȿݹǺòȥĳªκ
õϣݵֻ۾ضѪӰ
ʦ
۸۶
ѪӰʯ𣬺Ȼ߿յʦ塣ӰӰİ峤һ̵ķӦ̫峤޶
ӰҲͬʱʮڤһ𣬹ɴڵĵڶȻ˼䣬ôѪĿɣʱܵѹȻҪҪࡣ
ۿѪӰѾʦӰû̫峤Ѿѷ¶һ˿ظĿϲ˿ϲɫûüΪؿʦӰϢشӰмʧˡ
ϲɫϡ
һǰδеΣӿͷ̫峤һѽԲƳǰȥԼ͵ˡ
һ̣һ͵Ӱԭȴŵĵط
ʦ糵һᣬ̫ϵĳϳ׹档ʮһʨӰڰУ糵֮ᴩࡣ
ȻԿգã
Ȼİ˱ƾʲôڣ
Ӵľ졣
ʮһʨӰ飡飡
Ц˺ʮһɮȫڱѪķ
ʦӰٴιʧ
һֱ죬źͿɣ֪Ϊʲôȥһǧǲ¶ܵİΧʦ嶼ܹȰسֹ֣ȰȥΪȫܹһĿռĨȥԼڵĺۼ
죡ס
̫峤˷ش󺰡
Ȩ̫϶꣬һ仰һ֮ڵĳǳ£νλȨѼ˴֮ðǰӿ޲أΪΪ̣¶պյʮ֮ףҲһʹ·硣̫峤û뵽Եеʦ徹Ȼ
ֻһ棬ΪǵġһдۡճΪЦ
Ӱֵ̫峤ͷϡ
ס
̫峤Ъ˹ͬʱ̫峤ǰѪӰպ󣬾ɽɽȥɱ̫ԨԶܣֻؿԼ
ɽϴ׳ϲϵ
޺ʿΥʱ
öԱѪӰͣͿС
ʱѣΣ
һһء
ɽݣɽݣɽݣףɽݣת˲֮䣬ɽͬɽһͬӴĨȥ֮ˮӖɽǰڳĴӿɽݺγɵѷ졣
תۼ䣬ɽΪӣǿиı䡣
֮ˮı׳ϵһиȻѣˮɫȻǸҵȴѾ֮ǰöˡ
һɣռأ֮׳֮һ˿̣׳óɽΪӵķǿɢʦɱ˵Ӱ졣
Ӱ£ȴûʲô춯ص죬Ӵɽȡ֮ˮ󣬾Ϣˮ档ѪԴԴϵشԱٶȼȾˮ̫Ԩׯ˾δԲ¡
һߣ̫峤ĽȴȻֹ
ɣϵʹӰȥȴѾˡ
һ糺ʺðһֻ԰׵Щ̬С
Ҽǵǡ
ʦûкˮı㡣
̫峤˫ץססֱĹ̫ƹâһһ
ھ
ʦת
ڶ̫峤бÿһѪ⣬ÿһͷ飬ڸ߿ըһұҲɭȻѪ֮
ɽϡ
׳Źȣֿ۹ԡ
һ̤ʱһӰƴȫ֮ˮ嵽ǰһˤڵء
ˣ׳ʶü
ʦ壡
Ѫ˳յ¹һԭ忡Ǳ
ſֿ֣Ц׳ǰ
ʦ壡Ŵ˰𱡵ƾǴҵλ񰡣ΪſųǰŽ֣֮ŸǲʵǷǣȫ𱸣󹷹ӬӪ壬޵ʲôɰ
Ų븺
һ
䵽ߵĲɺȻ̧ͷ
糵أʦһ
һƵķมЦձУüĿ롣
Ѫ³ħϵʮ޵ԩҵ
ѳɽٶ򡣡


103 ̫ҵһһ
ƨ
һƬɱ, ˴˻ƣƿڴ
ǰȾѪ½
ڵ֮ˮ, ĸ¼͹սನ򷽲ŵɱؿѪӿ۵ü飬۵üѡȻ𵴣Ѹ۵ļǡ
ĳĽһеͬҡҡ׹
޷վ, վ
ʲôħԸˣʲôҵΪǧŴҵ½ҧأһһ㣬ҡҡλεվÿ˵һ, ߹Ǿϵһһ˵, Ҫ˵ħ𣡡
Ұ
˻, , Ť, 档
Ұ
ʲôǶԵʲôǴ, ΪʲôһλΪĹĨȥô꣬ҵĽʲôôľĵ, ͷȫЦ
ӷ𡣡
ղϲ, ֻǺơ
ү, ½˻𣬺Ѫ, ˵
ѪӿһЩˤһֻϤִԱסļ½֪ʲôʱӿ£ߵԼСĵܵԱߡ½ĵ֣ˤڵأ
½ͷ
½֧Լһԣţˤˤ½Щ㱣ԼǵǰʮһѼϼ䣬Ϊƽʱ͵ʱܱſ£һͿ޵˹ȥק
ʲôʱСϲˣĵܵܣͻȻͳˣ
ءڶƪʲô
½ջ֣Ȼʵ
ɽγɵĺӴ᾵ʯͷ½ⱻʯĿӣʱɳ˿۵ڶ¡½һʣܵһӣ㼴µĽߡ
ʲôڶ
ûĽû£½Լȴ泯ˤˮ䱻ɳˮ졣
ѵشɳ̧ͷĨһѪˮ
½̾˿
Բ࣬һȵվˮ½ش
ءڶƪˡ˻ʮޡ
ްǧꡣ

һһȰ˱εĺʯת򿪣һһϵ򿪣һһƵĳϻ򿪣һһдֵľڱɽӡڵĵصҪͭյĬȼš
һҳֱֽ
͵һͭϵؾڣһƬ
ܣնһǸʲôһǸˣ
ݳϸһɽĹεľڼȥĳá
ݳϵ͵̾йŵĻĶ򡭡
ݳͣƬ̣ؽΪֹʼղԸԣԸ⹫ıࡣ
ɡ
㶵ؿǵʫ̤ʮѰһ𰸵ھԲ༸ͭ䣬һһ̽µĲ²⡣Щ²ⲻϵظֲϵرƷ
ʼûһ𰸡
ݳϷһᣬƵͭм䣬֬Ƴɵճ֣
йţĶУʮޣҼ߲ǳнǹǳǧ꣬ηˣΪʮޣްǧꡯ
Ϊʯǡȱйģ壬еĹйµȷأеġްǧꡱҲй²ȱһԭ򡣶һأдڡءĵڶΪ䡰żǲĿƪ
ʮʿűضѵڬǡء
ءҳĵһ仰ǡʥԵʥʹ£ұʿԻΪΡ˺󹲷ʮֱΪġżǡࡢϡɡʮʿ֮·ķ档
еڶżǲһЩʮҪ
ƪǴĵѡ
֮ԳơѡΪ˼֮Ĵģʼڲǻѡʮ޷شʵʱţ˵ĸоһƬŵĺڰһ£ֻһһ½ѡĲʳУй亱ֲȫ汩ţʮͬʱԺڰϮһĿֲڲһһ޵θڣͼʮ޵̳¸
̶ֳȵĴűΪĶ򡱣ҲΪѡ
йţһĶ򣬵ʱۻδ˷ӿûʮޡʱĺȣġ¡ֻСŵӱǳأ࿹أ尾칤ķ۾һʱڷġ
һδѵӰǧꡣ
ǳص㣬𣬰ٲһͿ̿Ķ֮ŵʿðմյĿҰУЭǳؽԴ˳ǳŽԼ
ɹľ伮ȴûһἰⳡĶ
ҲǸʶ̫Сʦ档ʦ棬𱡵ơݳϵڡһֱڳԸkʵʿǾףʦףŮһǹף׼ȷһ˵ǽףʦףŮͳĹϵǴ֮ġ
ףʦףŮ֮ϵkȻ
˵ݳ΢ɾͣһ¡
pǵpܹ긳ʹpǵĳܹѭ׻ָعһpǳҲܹp㡣յһ֮ǳص㡣
ա֣ʶȥݳϵ顣
ϵûκα仯
ҲƵİ취ͬʬ޴棬ơ˽꣬Խ֮ΪһǿԴ
һ㶡
ѩϣ𱡵ƵȷӵһССľܡ
ݳԳЦЦǽݵĿʵһʼֻһȺΪ˾ǵġȴһٶһδֱֻʲôӲȥ䡣
˵
ܵ岻ûһȥʲôѪְɡݳϵ͵͵̾˿ôǹô˰ֻҪ
һ΢ɴĳˡ
ʧˣ²⣬Կȥˣ˻Ķ򣿡
ݳҡͷȥǺˣ͵ʱĶ޹ءǳɹˡˡ
Ȼ
ȻˣΪʲôĶ
ݳʹرۣˡ
ŲԸἰ¡
߾ȫ˭˵ŲڴصȴĹǲɽϾ񺡰һ֮ôƾ屼ռĵرͬһûļƻ
ȱļɽһڣΪ֮ľ˴⡣ʱɽ飬ѰΪҵһǵ
ûƴûŽʱ̡
ææµµΪͬһ΢߰꣬˶ڴŢԽԽ
˭Ҳû뵽
ˡ
ݳɳظһ顣

׹ħˡ
ܡ
૵
ݳû˵
⽫һͬסˣӹ
ܣ
͵
㲻˵޵ĺҪˣħô񖎣
ݳҡͷ
񖎵ǵŷ֣ʱû֪ңʱӣʱҵϲûбѹơ˭Ҳ֪Ϊλһҵϵع̫ǿˣǲ£ûܷӡߵĻӳǳоǳؾͱûˡߵĽٶߵѡ
ݳ
ﲻԣѪһ·ۣ֪ҪδȥҲ֪Ҫʲôֻ֪֮ʬۡѿΪħߣִ໤ߡңִ¡ֱ޶ػؿɣնʮҹ𵴣Ķ򱬷Ϳ̿
Ųòĸ֮ȱݣѳɽٶ
˵ͬһ
ֻܾ
ݳ̶һڡ
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òһڶ
ܾȣܻ
ôܿʬҲ°
ԷħѪս
͵ʱһ̷֧ѳɣѪսѪɺӣ׹ǧ˳ϽΪΣ̫һԶ߶ޣһ·棬ڷ罨һš
ݳ̧ͷɫãȻ
ǸʲôӦҲµˡ
ɬ
̫̫ҡ
ǡ
ݳ̶
̫ڡ
̫̫һС͡۾˼㵽̫ڣǵܿһǰеƣǧ겻𡣡
̫ڣʵ͡µһһϵ
˵ˣĴ
ΪΣΪû׷ɱɣǩ˼֮ԼͶ࿹ҶΪԶߵ̫ҹ˰ǧҪʷûˡ˭Ҳû뵽һȺУԡͽͽǧĻްлˡ
ˣһ˭Ҳû뵽ķ辢ݾƴɱŵĵһ
̫ڡһгǡ
һΪʲôô̫һҪסһλá
Ϊǽ̫ҡ
Ϊ̫İ
ԣҪµһš
Ҫ²ܸԱ޷飬ҲҪַʽΪһٹ⡣
ţ̫ҵһ
̫ҵһһ
ŻӣԴͷЩ˺ڣЩãЩΣЩԹǧްǧսû˵Դˣ̫ණ̫鱻ˡҵ׹ΪаָʲôɣҪʿʯĨȥ˵kֻ֣ʣһ仰
ݳڳмһݡءβҳ
βҳ̤ʮ޹ʫСдţ
ʥԵʥʹ£ұʿԻΪΡ
µģֻܳ⣬ֻܳĬ


104 ˭Ըģ˭Ҷģ
̤ʮѰ֮δ, ˼̫࡭
һϵһһ, ԻްзֳһĹ·ϨϨ֡ôһ·һ·ǰУЬƣڣҲ֪߹·, ٲɱΨзʼսѩ
⣬ϵ, ݿµϵ˭
ʦ
ȹ
˹߳Ϊӡȴ֪ιȹ֮ǰ, ùһС¹Ѱн޵ʫһ֮Եʱһ׼һ׼ڲ¥ʫżȻԵ̤ʮѰ֮δ, ˼̫ࡣʱͬ׷޹¹Ѱδش, ˸ɢȥ
һ, 躻޴ʱء
һ, ߲ǧء
Ȼ˼Ѱã㵽ڤѰڤѰ, 뷨ӵȥѰӿ, һ, ٴڴбٳһ·˲̫塭ʮһ, ߵõġ
һΣߵڤ
Ǵġ
Ļ˼֮⣬Ȼʱʱ̿ӿҪϸ۵ĻͬĴļľͬ翰ͼϣ˼䱻滭أһԲεġ®Ҳ񷣬һ®µġ񷽡ҲһĽչľεʮޡ˲жġԲط֮˵صĸǣԲıϵס®ǵĽǶӡ
Ϊ
϶ȥһʮ֮һġɽɽٶȥΪľͷ֮յԶޡʿִ˼ĵĽ磬ڤޫ霣ĻδΣ磬ȴȻۡ
ӶϡĽǳһ̤ġ
ӱǴӶĴģΪֹһ̲ͣ˽ꡣ
ڷٳĹ·֮⣬ŹֵӰӻζǻмĻѪ⡣ԼԼۼ˽гԳԷЦԹһһʧأᱻɣ׹Ϊаĵһ֡
һ
һ
ͣ½Ųʱ·
ǧŰﴦĵƹȻ翣׿ˡ
һһݹǣһݹһƣһһʿܵȼ·֮ơǧŰﴦĵƣǰµһյһ̫ţǧǰὣɣ䡣
˷ϲЧļ²Ч丸֡
ֻһһһһǰ
޴׾
лȱΪ߿
ӳ·ؾһ
ȻȡһֵľˣĻ޼䣬ȡöľԼϣմһ㾫Ѫ󶤽ľ˶Ӧλáǰ֮öľͻǣĻľϣȼһյµ·ơ
һУӼǰٻͷ
һڤ·
һյơ

ֻʣ¹ͷƾ᾿ݷںڰлζ
Ǿ޴ԴԴϵʳճѪѪˮѳĺӡ븯ٻ׹ǽ롶ʯǡص̫ŴĲͬĴĵѾܻԼڤ֮ǡ
ϥƾͷǴ
Ӷ߸ľʱ򣬾ڰͣһ£Ƭ̣Цֶһյ
ؽо۸ΪƵڤ֮ǡ
ߣ֮֮ǡ
ˡ
ֻ˵ӦóΪ̡
ԭҲʿһԱ
ֻǴ󣬶гɣĴȻ΢ϡһֱʿ׹аɱΪ˼ķתޡҵϡҵϲߣˣҲν֮벻ˣġ
ظƣǳ̵ľҺһһǸߣڰѪɫЩ졣
һǣл̲ˣ˵˭У˼аޣôжˣ
ͬһƹĵ˵
һ֮ڴµƻҪ΢̫һֱȼգȼ̫£οصڴ˴һǸ֮ǣϳʴ
˵һǰ͵˿ݾʱˡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôл֮ƣȴҡҡ
лûлش
ʮĻȣյơЦһ£ʲô
лżš
Բ
Ҳ˵ˣĬųеһꡣ
֮սɣʮ޵ĺɽȼġһֲл꣬ٻ˼䡣ʣµģɢڴĵĸطǰȥ췱ǡִҹȼա
ʮ
ʮһʦŴȡߡ
а˵аʱзپ
ȼմ
һĸŮȡߡ
һȡߡ

ܣʣлꡣ
ˣ
һɵεĺӰڻߣʵ
оƣŷʣ㲻Թܶ𣿺αҡ
һڹ飬Ӱش𣬡Īˣ飬Ҳû顣Զ٣ӰһѪָźͿɣػʱȻܹĲл¿˿ôнݾǶˣ

ϣҡҡͷ
ˡ
ӰȻ
ʲôûųеŹ֣Ҵͷβʲôû
Ӱһ˿ļʣû¿˿ôģ
¾ѣתͷ
һλĶ֪ҪƻΣ˼䣬ֻ÷̤;ܿܿΪǽǳأȺ죬ξ塣ɳû˭Ըڵ㲻𣿡
ʲôֵģӰطʣȻҲԸⷲҲ硣
ȷԭ򣬵ҪĲҪ

Ӱظһ飬ƺЩʵĺ塣
һ޵Ϊƣһֹ¡һ޵ȴʮ֡ٷ֡ǧҵϡ
˭£˭ҪΪµ
˭Ҷģ
һΪƣ΢
һΪ񣬶ء
˭Ըģ
˭Ҷģ

˵Ըġ
ʦһһ䣬ÿһֶһĹǴ̡
ļһʱ
ѣ˵һǰδеıҷˡӻδõϳӿ룬ǳһһ㸲δ깤չ޶ҡһ󣬰µгĬá
һûеڶλԸľ
Ըġ
Ҷ֮ʤ֮񡣡
ġ
ô˵ȥˡ
ˡ
ʦ糵бָյֹؽɭȻףҪһ˽гȥһѩϴ
¾š
ֻʦʣ
õʲô


105 ưЦ̸
õʲô
򵥵߸, ʯ䣬羪ը
ɫհ, ɺвȻĿ½ĺˣһһ顣ץһɳµˮǰһǖǣӻǧɣһǺ̶Ѫɰ
ϱûлԲҲ˵Ķ
еֻǱ۵
ԩҵ
ʦظЦǰĻ
Цշš޶, ʱϲϽлƮ䣬ӷҡҡ׹ʦĻ޶ʦȻ, ɬ޶޶вѡ
ʦ弫Цһ

һ, ʦӰȻ޶ǰ
ʲô
Ͻɲǿήӷɲ顣޶ͬʱѪ㲻ܡ, Ȼֵʦȴûκֵ˼˶в, ˶˵, ˵֪, ˵
֪͹
أ
ԶȾأ
Ϊ, , ˽ԶòΪ壿Ծ͸͸ǧе
ƾʲô
飡
޶ʦ󵹷, ײһεذĹ·ϣҳһĴݡ֮, ҼҶз񣬼ҼҶ֮ΪӡʦҪųƷʦ֮һ޶ʦڷǧΪˮ
ºɮ˺һ޶ʦʶǰȥ
޶ʦ԰ˤ䣬ɮͬסɫ԰ף˥䣬֮˻硣кɮȻǰһճһͷ­ɮ׹䵽޶ʦ£޶ʦ촽˶һ£ĬĬԡ
̫Ԩ£µϳȻʧɫ
ԶݵȻоѣ޶ʦԩҵⳡ˲侪һ亹ʦź֮Լǰڣл·ͷһµϳ̫Ԩˣӡ
Ųһϳ;һ
ɫһ䡣
ȻԼǧɱ֮ˣϢϢأ⣬󲻵á
ʦ̧ۡ
ϳͷתȵΣʱȻħѵԼԸΪһ̣֮ȻԸɣ֣
ѡûܳڡ
һȻմѪ糵ʺ
µϳǱ糵ʦôǰĶ֪ῴôġ糵̽ʺƤǳõںϣͨ徭е·ȫжΪྫĽ⣬˿̾ȫһΡ
ʦ
ǡ
ʦ԰׵ֱϵĽ
Ƿˡ
ôƽƽûκûκα仯
ǧ֮ڣȻͣˮֹ˱һǱؿֲ޷ĳЯˡֳ޻ž޴ķŭͿʹÿһֶڻ׽ԼĹѪǿҵâڱ
ҲԸΪһ
糵һһûϳʺ
Ըȥʦûһ˿飬ᣬ;ȥ
ǰȻϵ˫۵ͭ壬Ѫ͹籩ŭĽߣиѪ⣬ƫƫֱֲȥҪٰʹࡣ
Զ֮һʹࡣ
ԡ̫һµһǡ
糵𣬳׹ᴩϳʺڻϡʦ͵سصӿѪȾĺ˳ӳջĵһС
ɱ
һֱط꣬ʦżȻסΪལ̫һ֪¡̫һֻܹ̫һ޷ؿɣʱѪִ̫һ˵
ն
ɱҰɡ
Ҫ֮ΧҪſɣ
ΪԼźڡ
̫һΥ
̫һûִ
ʦ͵תϵѪһĻ£»֮ͼ̫ܵԨ˱նء
ɱ
ϵ£һƬš
ֻ˻
늵пһǣƶѻձпһǣ¹ͬɫ£һƬźµսֱۣ縡Ƽľֱˮһһ£СأƿЦ˵
壬ۡ
۰
ۡ
Ѫһҵϵ
ħ񣬰ƣЦ̸
һУһͿء
ˡ
ϡ
Ȼǻûõļǻû׶ϵʱк򡭡£ȥޣؼĵڶŷɣ֣ȥһϳȴˣֻٴαϡ
ȥɣȥ
ȥ
ڶΣûϵһҵܷҲûϵնĽԼȥΪʲôô൶ɣ֮Բԣ˼֮šԲԷɣ£ǧСɿ̫һ価
ôô䣿
ţ


106 

Ӱ껳Ļ, ۡ
ƺǾ÷˼£΢һ, еӰֲ䣺

ѣڤ֮ǵƾ­ۿѪѪоµľҺΣڰ΢һʧˡᳰ̵ĿǽĹȴʼյġ
Ŀɣ𣿡
Ȼʡ
ûС
Ӱî龵Ļʲô˼
ǶӾ, ĿɣǸĵطʱļûɣ˼롣뷲˻ûɱҲ, ֻ½ںʧ򣬱ްɲű֯Ĺ;
ĿúԶ, ܿն
·ʱĳϣһֱ;ոտʼ˻మʱ⡣
Ӱκۺɢ
ûзӺ;, ԹԵ˵, عճһȺںڰаӰҲǺӰϤ, ͬҲĳЩµ, һЩ¼ǵñĶ߻
Ҳò, йĳЩʱ, Ϊһλµɨ, սޫ霡
ϷĻϵػ, ϵؿЦּɵʼջ֮ȥ
ҲΧƲл꽨Ĺˡ
гǱ죬ɣȺףɿɣϣ֮񡣴ҲͶˣģͻص߸ϵƶȥǴģſ¶צǷ˵ģͲֶȫףɣһΡ
Ը
ԼһѾơ
Ǵ˵Ǳסˡ
ɣֻһΣҶˣԶˣɱɱᡣֻʣҲִŵһͽԭأʲôǴ
̫ˡ
Ӱ䲻ؿڡ
ڰһ١
ӰԽ죬Ʈȡ
ɱʱó۹pǲǸֻҪpǣϨжͲвƫƫҪԼȥûгɹݾߣɽʫǰ׼ӰĿѾЩ䣬ˡ
⣬Թ̫ã÷̡
һ
ȻͺӰͬʱתף˼ĳͬʱλڴľǹУææµµĻͬʱͣ¶ҲܵǷ˼쳣·ڻҵ쳣
Ȼ
Ӱૡ
¾ǣҪȥ
ӰͻȻʧͻȻı⣬ֵͣƾ­ϡ
ôͣң
ϳǱߵĲȥӰ޶ԣоɣʧ֣Ҳ㡣
ҲС
磬תϡ
뿪ǰһ۾ǳģһĨѾһ΢ҡҷʱϨ𡣴ʱ϶ĹӾǻǧ룬֮ǰһСꡣ
վǵȲ
ֱͣԶȥ
ڣڶʮߵл꣬͵ƿݾ
ˣ˻ܲдã


ӿǧ֮ڣϢˮֹ
ڸɵɫһоɲߣȻߣѵߣϲߡһʱ侲š
УȻ
߿еƲӦųһһ۵Ĺâķâ
٣
ɺȻ˾ֿڡ
½аͬһʱͫ׽ǰһĻһּϤĸоܲϤ𣿣֮ǰǾϼƵĳǳ۹˺Ѳ񷣬һֱۡ
죡
ڳˣɫҲΪ֮һ䡣
ꡣ
ꡣ
ϸ΢Ӳ֪ɸߵմһ΢΢бĹâ񷶥䡣ڸ߿ʱΪϸ΢ʱȴµǲǵ죬Ҳʯһһµ
أ
汪׵׾޴򶫷ǹ򱱷һһ񲻶Ͻ󣬲Ͻ٣ԭɱ𵴲ݵǧת۾ȶ
ģأ
ǣ绨ĪüһĿɨµİ峤ǿɣҪʲô
츲أ֮ɣ˾֮࣡
ɣµ峤ɫֳ֣򱳸Ӱְ˼䵽ʦΧһ𣬽ΧסΪĺᣬǿԼѪĹ񽵻˼䣡
֮һء
ԭǿɣΪ𱡵׼ѹ֮Ҳӿ޵ĵ
ҪѹһλгǣҲΨƼһսɣȻģʫӭսĸնĳ𱡵ơ
򽣳ʣ١
һݺǧ
ɣȫԸ
ĳֹ˼ɣʵҲԸֱӶһС
ʦնɱ̫峤ϳ̫ԨԼش޶ʦȴ޷ȥ鷢չ˵ϣǱʦݴ˸ֲ̫峤ǰɣ»ٶһ̫١
ડ
Ѫ˳糵ĵ£νƺˮһССˮ
ʦһһ£ƽþԼҲһӲĵܣ֮µİ峤ֻһ𡭡һһȥ
λɱ޹֮峤ü½Ī˸ϳϲʧԶ޶ʦȱڣȴ⵽֡о룬ѵλ޴ݺ֮ģ
үƨ½һѪ㱻޳ܣ硭ޣǸȼֱû
˵ţ½һĭ˳ȥ
Կɣϵĵλ峤һαһСָűһʱɫࡣ
½ӣ峤ɨ½һۣת򲻶ɫ½ڱ½٣ѵҲϵ𣿡
㡭
½ҪͻȻ۵һûػʺ
׵çײñ峤Цˡ
½һְ½ϣƫǡǡð˿ڡ
磡
½һ
½תͷ
磬ϵ½˻ƣҩȵľˣôɵģ
½Լ֪ʱ˵ĵܵܶӡ˵½Ҫ޳ȴҪֱӡܵͷ˺󣬶ԾǶԣǴﵱ̹Ĳ
½ӣ
峤ü
ž
½һƺ½ͷϣû˵ĺ죬Զŵķһ
磡
ʲô磿ˣһȥ
½ͷҲأȻʣ죬ڿն
½һϮ峤棬̫ڵķһϹҩ½
½ɴۡ
ڶ졣
һλҩ˽󣬽ǵڶλλλҩȵ£ҩʿ½վ
ʣʮҩʿԭء
߹롣
޶Ҳ
һڷ޶ʦɮ֣ɫ԰׵վʮɮУʮתɣϣʮԭأߴӵ޶ʦһɣ߶
ʮɮ
ɺв֪ʱ߽ɮУһֽ޶ʦ½ڵķ
ڲɣ
ʮɮˡ


107 ˼
ҩȡ, 峤ŭЦźÿĵ, ʯݣ˼֮أĪҪڣ
񲻿񣬲˵ɺƤЦƶɮǰ, ºߣӦûôǮ
ԸʦһȥǧΪ޶ʦν, ΪЩ㡣Ȼʱ˿̣һ, ʮɮ߶ţȴмΪǰĸһµ, Ҳ֪ʲôʱɢ
˵, һǰ
𱾴ȱ
һӽճ, âǧɡ
峤΢Щ졣
̫峤, ɺ, 𱡵Ƶͬк, 찵, ϸϸмһҹķӻ¼ȥһҹԿɹ, ⲢûʲôһС
Ȼʱ˿̣ڲɺбķӽȫһиеġ
δȱ峤ףձһ¡
֮ˣɫҲûС
Ůӽüһˮ̤
ǻؼֵأ
һһӰ¡
绨ʮˣ
Īӣ¿ʮ޳Ĵӣô˵ôͨĲɣУһߴǹ䵽档ʱ׳ǹЦ·϶Ϊǹ
жʮͷҲص׷ߴ뿪
ϷʳΪ·϶ǹ·ɫࣺʱԶ㵨˷
ĪӻڰʱԶ૵漴Ц·϶㻹ǸϽؼֵȥɣʡһỹҪһ̣
ЦУ½½ʮ䵽ʱԶ
ڣ
ţ
ׯ

ƮҡζԼ䣬ϡɼɽƵĴʢ
峤ȴֻЦ
һ
ǧ֮ڣɽ³
ɣ϶ŵֻظѪ𵴣˫ӹĴ¡¡ǰϣΪ䡣ȥֻһһϴ֮ޣǧɣƬضһ֮У·®ֻ֮ǲֻ֮Ƭֽ
ഫ̫ţڱļʱУ׼λ֮ǰٱ۳졣
˵Ϊ档
ѹϱķУǹ˼䣬ڷԣʦ壬Ϊһ֮ȴ˽ûκɱͽԩꡣΪԻ֮٣ⷴɣ
ŵkһ£ɽڿѣػ
ʦɫĮΪ
Ʈҡ糵ƽ
Ȼ˽ĳ汪߳ʡ
˽Ϊ򶫷ĽŭС
ϣб;飬Ϸıɢκؽ𣡡
𣡡
ķ౳󣬸а콫ͬڣغףĶ֮گ
峤ɫµ½ɺСĪ˼һЦ
Ҳ˵ŲȫȻһģʹŽȫȻѣȫηȫҲ޼¡
֪ˣ졣
죡

ʮ޵Ĳ֮⣬һƬӿƺ
ƺһһصİݣвƵз¥лƺ̨֮ɼҲɼǷһҲˣһƻԻ͵衣
ʮλ֮Ѿʮˡ
һջ֡
׾ͷƺһСƬӿɽӰУǴСǣ΢ݽ棬ܿܿ
ԭһܻһڤ飬һҡףѹΪӣҲɱԸ˳⣬նɱʵӦɣ
ܹɡ
һλԲĲƼζص
ҿӦǸ֮񡣡
һĲƼԼе͵͵Ц
ţһɳΪ񡱣ⲻ֪֡¾ۼǰģһɫȫ֮֮߾ƶˣƽʱ˼󡣶ǰʱ䣬֮Ϊ˶ռŖ֮飬֮ٷ䣬û̵˵еƶնˡ
³һʱЦ̸
Ц̸Ц̸оۼƶ˵һ
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޻ء
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죬һ곤ڿеĲԲԹţ˼ĸ롣
һһƣһһɡ
ˣʿ˼ǣϸϸԴԴϻ۵ƬƺС
ʵġ
죡
ԣ˼䵮ԼĴ
˼еݵkȡ
ϧƲĺ̾ɽûбնϾͺˡ
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һ˷
Լὣնܵߡ
˵ۣ֣˼һݵĴٲŶԡ˭Ҳû뵽ѡϹǣ
˼޲ܣǾ
ἰǸҼɵĴڣɫǺܺÿ
һսȻɣȴҲƵõkǴӴ˲˼䡣˷ʮ֮ӿޣһǽ˼ĺѪǳ֮ʹ˼һֱգеµĺۼ
ԭȣ׾ͷһţСгǡ֣ȴһնȥ
дأʼ޷Ĩ
ǿֵز
УЦȻʮ˼䣬ǵЭɣȡ˼Ӧ
Ϊ裬Ϊá
ô򵥵ĵôͲã
ҡףû˵
kƶˣ׹˼䡣
˼ʮλ֮񹹳һС󷨣ʦ崦ģ۰԰׵Щָ̬һһ㰴˷Ǭ޶ҿվԶ԰˷֮
̲סЩź
ԭܹһˮ©ġ֡ܿܿУϧ֮󣬽ؼģԭܹۡʮնˡ
ʦһڤ飬޷ɹΣǱǧ겻췢ʵݡ
Ҳһνն˺ŵľ档ն˼ʿֹǰй֮󣬱뿪ʮޣǨʮ
ļɲٰ

ԣɣȫǾȡ
㻹ִԲ򣬱ǵˡ
䣬ɫת䣬kȥӦʮ޵ƺȫϸƬ̺󣬼ϳӿ׶ƺԵһͭ˼ʿˣְɡ
ͭ˼ʿԣȭƺȻʮ޵ĵӰſơ
˼ѹ¡
ΰνѴ˭˼俸һƬ죿
¡
¡
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Ӱ󣬳׸ʮޣ
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˼£һƬΨʮλǧɸߵıâƣϲһkΧʦˣͬʱȵϣб;飬ɱ
¡
ʦ̧ͷһһƬĲ񷡣޲ó֮죬ֺγǴĻǣҪնɱ
糵ƽƣһǰ
裡ɱ


108 ʫ˫
ͭѹµʱ, ֹӿ޵ķ
ɱ
˵̵ְ, ʦɱһʤԴ˵лɳˡ֮£ĸ졣
ʦ屻ɢع࣬߸һЩĨȥʶ, ôؽ˼䣬ʮޱΪ츣أʱͳΣһЩɶ츣صʮ, ԭĽӣͥԺ, Ϊһ̲ˮ
Ҫ֪ˮռٹҲһ졣
, ڴ˴˼֮, ͸ݡ񡱡
һǹʦݵĲ²⡣
p, ʦ彻һ֡ǴζݵĽ, ʦһ򵥵ġ֣ʱͿռ, ǿɬǰ֮ơǾʿܹ¡ĸ;Ůt, ֹ, ʹ֮мơԶĸ;Ůǿ
ˡ֮һֱкĹ֮֡Ϊ󣬹Ϊ
ô, ܹ֮ϵģӦʲô
ʲôܸ£
ʲôܽռ䣿
̫ȻȻ첻ò°һα˴֪ġһεӿ֮Χÿɣ۲ʦ壬̽Ĩǣסᣬ̤·Ӷ˼ķֽ硣
ɣҰĲΪǵĵơ
Уǲֻ߳ӡ
Ԧ֮
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Ȩ
ǿЦ
ľ
ڻĻʹĻСѯʡ
Ҫ˽ӿ𣿡
ˣջĿ⣬ĹˣλδˣҪæע
λδˣ
ʹ׽⼸֣ЩȻ
ֻͭʱĶܹоⰴ˼ĳѹ˵ʹڴ֮ǰҲгﻮٴ£նɱʯĵһսʹģһ˲䣬Լϵĸо
ɻȴ˵λδˡ
εʦǿʲôز
ⲻӦð
Ȼʦôʵ˼ϢϢأ˼ԽԽǿ󡣿˼䣬תŻɱѱ˼䣬ô࿹ᣬǰʱ䣬ϴ٣ɽܵشӦģʦʵҲŶԡ
־ץסһ㣬ɱ֮ǰֻ죬ʮһƬڤࡣ
ǣ΢΢ҡͷûô򵥡
ûô򵥡
ܾʦﲻԡڤ黯ΡɵʲôһʱҲ²ֻԼãģ»pһһСͷ
ʵ޷ǰӿޡ
Ũīеƻҡҷճ΢ԱߵĻʹ֪ΪиŹֵĸооΪʦ塱źĵ⡭ֵ޹ش֣޹ض
ܿأͻָƽӣ˵һ߰ɡ
ʹѹԺԼĲ²⣬Ӧǡ
ڴд粽еĹӣԻΪ׵֧ʹ飬ںٶȿνǿ쵽һĵزһǧҲлжص㣬࣬˲ϢǧǹʣӼгд֮󣬡Ʈ䣬Խǧɽӡ
ʹ꣬׹аģҲûʲôˡ

ϣɽ
оǧصʱţﳾɢȥضݳϴ򿪷ŵǰľкƽ̯ͭϵĲľʢŵǳ𱡵ðתƬǾͼơ
һ֮ǰݳǰǣľŖķģұһǸƬԭĿɣġ
ߴͬұߵڵѭУȴһߡ
칤ΪȡһЩģʲôĿǰ½ۡݳϵһͨۼĳЩʹ֮λڲ񷣬ֻ֮ʣһط
졣
һһ٣Ｗ֡
ͭ͵ƻŽɽԵÿ׵һ̣ȻӲ·һͭɵߣһͭİڵзͳĺųͭյͬʱҡҷ䣬ܸߴĿɱ
ܿ죬ͭİͻָƽ·ոյĺֻǸ
Ǿʹ߲٣Ӧٳ㶫ľϻͲһ½ͲѾжʱûôϢˣԸڵص˷ʱ䣬Ҫɽȥ
Ҫص׵ڶܸ󣬽ɽʱ͵ͣסŲ
ܸڶ෢΢ơ
ÿһƶһ֣ӦһλɽĸϺֵùעĵӡڴ˿̣һƱ۵ĹâȻӶءꡱ顣
ͬһݳʧ
ãزǵĳǣ
ɫ䣬Ȼת
һܸ󣬸սɽȲĸ߸ӭײ
߸ϴҴһ°ڣһڵϣǸ漱ʮѳԮ̲ݻ

ǡ
ʮ޵κһޣһλںйĳǡҲãҲãѷɵġ²פ֮أģˮƣˮв֮㣬˳ǡ
ʵһ֣
ϳ
ι״Ұһһأˮײ˼³ǡ
ԫһٶɣɣǧʮɣŨīεض𣬳Ŷȥ¥ЪɽݼݶԵһˮ΢⡣һײȥͷˮ
΢Գǳмһ
оŰپʮŲ㣬Ρ룬ԶԶһλѩµĽͣվ֮䣬ĬԿˡ
˼صء
ͬͨĳǳأΪϳ֮أÿһ춼ڳԴĵѹ˼ĶԿķ̨ҲǲôңԲʧصĵط˲ҪÿֻһΡ
ǵޡ
ǸվԪ˵ɽ
Ǵġ͡ĵڶݴ
ƾʦٶĹŹֹ֮վ˼ڤڤڤ顣
˼٣ѣʦȻҪһܴ
һ٣ʮ޻ްǧ꣬ǳذٲһӰ㼫̫ĩ꣬Ѫɽӣ͸һٵ˼䣬ûˣαϵһǧꣿ
һƵľ졣
źȻ
װۣţĵĸһĿسǳͷ­ڵأѪŽһسǵĵӲϵ£ʳһ߾Ѫܵİ׹ǡ
˵Ųÿ֮죬κسǵĳгһӵų
ųٵ˳ϵ󷨡
һͽͶʮϣͳɰǧľӣп˼䡣
һΪءһΪƣ΢
ʵһʼעˡ
İı壬˵̰ĲʡļǸеģעֱްı棬

ءء
ټλϵĺٴ
ϾųǵԭΪȻһƬؼһֽҪѹ촷۵ѹ̻̲Ϊǵֲٴһ㲻ꡣ
żɽΡ£ǧͭɽԱǰ࣬Եøյġصһ
ţ߸ϾǵľƼҪؽһ£û˶ԳԮκ飬Ψһǡ
ƾɽһڣǺסǡ
ĸ͸ɬ֮ǰǻ˽ϺƽʱٸྫƽʱҲҪȫԸΣø׽⡣
زסҲأն޸ǳأسǵıҪֺ೤Ϻŵ̾ۼΪԮ죬ϸǡ

ûйĽΪЭҲüֱڻü޵ʱȻܱ侲鰲ŵý

ټ벻ɽϣԸɽӶɢΪһԮɡͣһ£ؼһ֧֧ԮҪƿĵΧ벻еĲɽسǳϵӻϣҪһŵԮִ
һ֧Ԯпܵ󣬰ٲһ
ݳϸҪȻԲഫһŮ
졣
ڰһ˲䡣
ԴҲĵһͭͭһò޵Ůˡ
µϲͬһȹ£ױҲǰѳã⸱ڴУȻûһ˶Դκ顣
Ϊ̻ġ
ʫĵ£ĸס
޸ʫ֮ǰ̻ǳصĵӡɽһֱĦϵơΪ˱ӣʫΪº̻ûʹɽһ׮С£ṳ̂ɽ벽
ڲǰλִִһʱһ𵶺Ȼһǰͭ
ճ𵶵Ŀ׭дǡּ㡣
ϡʫֱʡ
һ죬ӵս̻ʣµһ𵶣һһ̨ס˵ʫõȹ˴ҹĺױΪʫɥҲΪ˭ׯ
СĵѾˣ˼ʲôã
һ쿪ʼɽĽͭһӰ
ʵһ֧Ԯ¡
̻ϵײ졣
䣬ѽ𵶡
һһʫġ
ʫ˫
ʫ˫


109 ߾ͳ
ڸ߿չ, ܼ˻ǲ񷶥ڱѡ
Ͼųĺԣ·ĬϵĸѼʱ, չ˫۰һڱȻԼļȥӭµа˸ͭΪԹơ
վڹ۳¥ϡ
һҽӱķͣڰУһɽӾȻصϷۡУв£ҲӶЦ֪ѣǶǰʱǳ٣֪һȥӭԼʲô
Ψһź, ڲǾͲܻϵĺˡ
Ҳû
ͬһ˿ĳǡ
һӵϷǰԥ˺ܾã̤ϼװջע⵽뿪, ȴ̻İסˣҡҡͷſ, ȻһԲﱧҴҸһӷųʡ
Ӱ£Բſֱۡ
һƬĴЦ
ͨ, һѰѽ, Ťͷߡ
ɵЦűŽϷ, һҲˮˡ
΢ɾ, ġ
ԽԽܼ׼, ͣ, ȴ
̻Խ

Ƶ, ̻ǰһҷۣгеͬʱӦ, ۴ͬʱչƷ缱ӥ裬һͷããҹɫû˻ͷ
վ
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¦Ž
һ㶡
ǰǵͽܴܴˣҲŷźݻҪºְǵõһΣúˣ¦Ĭ淭˸ǯȥǹˡ
ͨǯ㲻¦ǸϳɵĹŰȥ͵칤Ļǯ
С
죬һȭȻ̤ɽķȥ
ǧۼʧ
ͱԲȥſյ죬ضȥ
һ죬պܰ

¹ⱻˣֲָ
ʮ޵Ǽ˺ڰÿݵһξʹ˷ѹһһصѹĳԫڣµڣһֱͷĲ񷱻ס˵е칷ʳ
ϵɤߴ٣죡ٿ㣡
߻ĶһխɽУţ¿˻һƲ͹ư趪һءǿȼĻڹεķңңλΣ˱ˣŮ˱źӣһ
ĵʿһѾˡû뵽ӿ޵»Ȼǰϵḻ͹ҲûзһϮļȻްʱ˲ŴҴææӡ
ӣ
ӵĳǳȥ
㣡ϵѾˣֲںڿ޺ɽȾİǣоˣ㰡
ʵʵϹۿҪӿƬɽȣĿѾ紫˵ĶС
ţʱ˿ȫ˦ӣϿȥţϵĺӱ˦ºͱӺӿȺûʧֻʣ±ȺЯǰĸ˺ѷεغС
ûߵЩʿסɽڡ
ۿԽԽǰµһһ飬ĵʿһһص£еıʳ࣬ѪܡеıϽΣϽεʿʧǰ¶ļԾ˵ٶһ㺮˪ֻʣº¬ʿ
¬ʿһնһֻ֣㱻Ͻĺק˳
Լѹ׵鶪˵̱ϲ԰ڵĽͣߣ
¬ʿһ߻ĵĶ飬߻ĶѾӳɽȣ˵һȺӿĹһȻȱĺӡӳȥʱȻиȱʯͷѹסСһ߿һŬ

ˮ
¬ʿŲ˶٣Ѿӹȥ˼ӡ
䣬Ѿӿɽȡ
˫ҰִӺڰץϵˡڼץסſںϵĺʱһλɽȵĳ߽ת˲͵¬ʿǰֱӴӭЩѪִ
û˿
ȡ
ҰֶڿУ¬ʿһǰ
ûɽȣҲûǿİꡣûбеɣҲҰΪĿϱ仯꣬ü۸Ҳȶ
ꡣ
𱡵תͷһ۳ǵķ
ˣһССĻУƭһ۸ɵӡǸɵ˼䣬ȴһеһ޲֡ҲãĽϳҲãܲˡ׹ϳҲİ
ôôɵ
𱡵ʡ
¬ʿӳɽȣ𱡵ջߣмǰС
ˮƽԭ

İǵڵİҹǽϵĽ¥ȼѣָ߻ǰķ߻˾Ŀ޺źȻرա
ȥǼڳǽ¡
߻˽ССϵļͥеѾ֧飬ͷҵŮ˴űƽĹȣȻһ֣ЦſųеĻһɷٸӣӾٸߺӣѺӴӴӵȺϵݹȥץϳǽתͷʱӰѾʧڰ
¬ʿϺ;Сһϳͷ
Ȼײײسǽһݶ⡣
ϵһϳͷԼƽ
˹ȥֻץסİɫԲֽǮ׷աϵܱЩֽǮ˵·бû˺ǣͬǿûʬᣬǾ͸ЩֽǮɡ
һӻģһֽǮһѸԼ
߻ĳ߻ĳ
ѻͷ
ҲߣҲߡ
߶ͷ

Խɽ룬Ʈǧ
һ·ϲϸıϴӳ𱡵õָƮ䡣
ڻǶԣǸĵطһֻ޷ɭ䡣޴ѣֻոһյɭ尾ոһյسĥڳǳǻǿ̹ǵˣԹؼʻӵеһУܵؿصǰůȥ
ʮ޵Ǻ֪ࡣ
ΪûܹԻǵķʽַ߽˼䡣
һڤ·
˼ڤ
һ·ϣ𱡵ǰٶȼ죬һһ֪߳Ƭ̲ͣ
ֱ·һɵƽԭȻ䣬ˮνֽϵīΧһСƬɢ¶Ӳݴĵ棬һȼպµ
ʵ֪ġ
֪Լʲô֪Լһ죬Ҫһڤ·ǴӴ˼䣬Ǵ˼ȥġһ·亮޹⣬䵽ٺ£ҵľҲ޼¡֪Լܲ·
ҪӣҪӵҪ֡
ҪĲֻ࣬Ҫôһɽɫõọ́ôһǱȫȫذţ͹ˣһξڤ·
иȴࡣ
𱡵˱ۡ
á
ҲҸġ
ЦõָȼĻ棬·Ҫ¡
ˡ
˵˵Լ
𱡵ƲͣӰûת䷭

ֽǮŹһֱ紵ɢ
߻Ĺڳǽͷʧʹޡ˵һӷ£ֻüһССĽңСÿһζͭ㶼
һȶ˵ĺվܦ󣬰԰ڵĿ̱¬ʿ˳ǽȴṦȥˣˣһҲû
سǵʿҲгеҩɱſ𣬰ǿˡ
֪˭źããлĸ衣
ɢЩ
ķ飬Щ
ȥЩ
ʱҲ˸лĸ裬һһߵʽĴһһѹ·Ҵ˰ǵĸһյƻָ귵;
⣡ԣΨֹЪ
⣡޼ΨֹЪ

𱡵ưƮҡٿѹɽ
ѵÿһǵ˼䵽ĵڤо·
˼ǳ
ͳһ顣


110 
лĸԽԽ, ׷ֽǮȴԽԽ١Ǵ඼ڰɵˡ
Ҳá
ֽǮǸ˵, ˵Ļǲε˵ĳһƬֽǮ䵽ϵǸŹС
ججţһȳһյرűȳĶС׼ȥҩɣһתһ¡һʼΪԼųױˣӵؾͷֲԡű׶, ǽҡΣ𶯡
ַˣ
ǽϵͬʱֵؽк
޴ľҪѹһ߻ˡǸոմǰϮ½ٺô˵ڳǵǰ, ǰ·ӣѵЩ߻עҪһ·ߵԼķͷ
, İǵķ绨ʿİףʦףŮǷϳǽһ侲һ߽߾ȫȺ³, пһЩĵطȥ
ǽխ, Ⱥӵ
ѱϵĺתԼ, Լı令šӵ, һ£ײǽϡ󱳽ǽ, Ȼ, ǽ𶯲, 񡭡
汻𶯣
ˣ
ˣ
ģġ
ǧɸߵľͷڤ, ֳ̤ɽһһ棬ǡİǡԶĳǳҲܵһ·رһô
ʱ·ͻȻˡ
˻ص̫ʱ
ڰ£ֳ־޴Ǵ̲ؾʯϢӲĵؿǣʮ½ӲĻʯ񣬵½ֻˡ뵱ͬǣһΣkǻӶҪģҪġ
ɽĨȥĲѱ籡ҽɴײʱĻǡ
ƽ
顣
½Ī𡢲ɺСʱԶΪףһ˻۳һ󷨣ЭԿͶɣͽŻɱ䵱ýĿɣ峤ǡҲ֪Ľٲ̫ܳãʱڣȺͼս顣
ڵɽϿա
ÿһ£ԖɽΪģԲǧ³һΣ˵ĶоͶһѪ˿ֱڣ½ǲᵽʫϾųӭսļѺͲ˼顣
ǰϡǰͬϣ
֮ϻδ飬Ϊһȵؿѹ
ʦһϮ£ʮ֮ɵСвߣϻӵ׷·һ䵱ըұɳ˭Ҳһ˲ͬʱӳ˶ٵֻܿǶ䱡޵ɳ׼ؿʮַĹǾ޴ǹ󸫡
һһɲǣɲǿǧꡣ
ʱ˵أ硣
糵һ˳죬˫ֵĽֻ֣Ҫʦһʧ֣ĹͻȻ䣬ͬһ촷ۡǽ˼ʱҲɳ©еɳӣѸš

뿿ʱ䣬Ѱ·
ƺз˼ĺζص
ԲЦˡ
ȷʮʮ޵ʱޣʦʱҲޡʮٵʱ򣬾ǴĽǣݻ˼ϳʱϳһʮٻݣΪʦʵ˲䱩пδսˡ
ǽŶԿһܴǾ֮ʱ
һղġ
ϳһĵޣܹļңؽ˼䣬ʱµķҲֹ˵kǵĻع顣ȻĵθھԲֹʮޣعʮޣ֮񲻱µŸķʱȻոޣݴȾָ

кβɣ
ĵ롣
ޱո֮ǰǧǧ˵ͱˡҲǣֻǾ޹ҪϾ˱޳ΨϢٶȾˣٹǧ꣬Ȼµǧǧ˳ϡ
˼䣬ԲȻһϸֳһ˿⡣ͭ˼ʿԻ족Ƹʮ޺󣬱˼ĵӰסˣΨܹͨ˼ս֮һ
ôˣ
Բļʵ
һԳƵ˫ͼ˫תߴӿƵʮ޶ĽĵشϸѰ
ȴԤ֮ɱ̫Ұʮһʮ壬û֡
еŹ֡΢΢ü
ԣҲȻһ˿ļ֮С
һ˿ļÿȥҲ죬һ˴Ӳ󣬷Ԥס־ɴгдĳĳĳĳɡѪָһ㡱£㣬̽һ˿ļʲôԵɡ
kһףԲһȻʧغ
ҿڤ񹬣
һ㵽һȻҡڶΣƺʹ˺֮ڤǴ˴ν˼Χɱʮ֮һλھ׵ĵʮأһԻɸ
ʱ˿̣ڤ񹬵ĲϼӿУ¡¡¡¡ϵϱŽѪߣɲǾըһѪţֻĻҲһΪ촷ۡ
ѣ
Ъɽɽǽѣ
ܾżѣ
ƾȾһֹѪɫ۶ϣҽԺڤ񹬺Ȼ񹬵˲䣬׾ͷϰƼ䴫һͭ죬·񹬵ĵĳһڸ߿յӸһ䡣
ζڤ䣡
Ȼ
Ϊİ˼䲼µķδ˼ʮʵв⣬ʵ񡣵ʮkܹһС֮ȡ죬˼䡱֮ѹʦΪ֮⣬ʮΪһ壬һ൱ͬʱʮ
񣬲λԼʮɵСҲǵ֡Ҳ˵˼ǵkǣ˿̿ˣ
˿̣־ŭ
һأɱ񣿣
ѵĸˣһλʧ²⡣
ĸΪйһԱʦܹСնɱڤͺˡ
䣬һͭ졣
Ϸƺһʮ׶Ӧ񹬵

ĵ
񹬱켸ͬʱը𣬹صƱ˼ľըϣ
ɫ䣬ٷ㣬ӿս
kһɲʲô

ӹĺ¡
ʦڲߣڷ糵ڰĵļڰϳһǰδеľ޴棬ԽΪ㣬潫ʮ֮ɽ档
һ飡ڶ飡



˼ĺˡ
ʦ岻ʱ䣬һʼֻһ£Ǿնɱ
ͬʱʮӵÿһ׼ͬһطÿһ̲Ųݵ͸ʹÿһ֪жڲ˿
˿鼰ÿһʱӳǣ˿һ
Խ׾޴Ϊ㣬Գ汪׵Ϊյ㣬Ӷ飬þòɢĵڰ̳һֻһֵѪɫ¡ѪµıԵưóɫѪҪʳµ칷ɱˣ
˲䣬ɣ峤һڻƬѪڵأа
Ҳڴ˿̣һֱûгֵ׳϶ˡ
µĹǱ߸ʮƬʮѪ֮أ؞֮һХ֮Ѫ؞֮Яǧγɹʵơһ̣ǧ֮ڣԭɽ°εض
ֱһ̣˲žոյһɱУ׳ǰµ쾹Ȼ
ı峤һĻȻɴۣŭ
϶ԭһֱƭҿɣ
ھѡ
ǰɣ׳ϳ֣ʦءΪһˮ֮Χ׳ϵĵȷȷʦټǴΧɱʱ©Ҳڹȡһβǧɱ󣬿ɣŻ׳Ҫʣ巽Ѩϣɰṩġ
Ҫһεġʧ֡׳Ϊأ
Ȳ
Υ
ȻʦԡΥΪѵĹȾϵţһ룬ǧ꣬ʦϵĹˣܴһֶڹŶΥһɡ
׳ûлش𱱸峤Ļ
Ϊȫת֮ѪΪýǧı
ԭͿµԽСÿһƶڼڻҰܣΨһֱ͵ļֱˡķζӣ۽ڱϣƤȻɱʣµһѹͷɺҵ⡣
ʦڴģ¹ĵ糵ʹ
׳Ͽڣ˻һɷԣ

Ǭſſſš
һһ֮ſһһƿʮ޵ĺӰһѰѷĽ˼佣ָ졣Ƶòò˵İһ½ļ
ˣˣ
תͷϵıڿЦ·ϿʼһֱѹֵľʯῪˡ
ǹȡҪɱ𱡵ƣҲҪɣ
Ҫ죡죡
ι겷ҪռҪǬޡ㡢롢Ұ˴Ѩһص𱡵ΪйصһȻ̫йأ뵱гйء
Ҳ˵󣬿ָ𱡵ƣҲָɣָ򡭡
죡
š

Źأ˼񷶥Ϸĺڰһƿڡʦŵڹİ£һһߴ⡭ܽ˼䣬˭˵˼䲻ɱ죿
׳ڼ̳м䣬ȫڲΨʼɽ
š

ֻͭ˼ʿƺĿԵƲݣ˼âڵkϡ
Ҫʲô
ŭݣŭƺغ
Ҫʲô
ʦյɫ䣬̬ڵڷչȺѻĵİĿ׹ʱ޷޷ֵʱΪʱ
š

߸𣬶ͭ˼ʿȻ죬ͭ˵ϡ׳³ѪƤ⿪ʼѡ
ʦӽƺ
Ȼ򲻸Ŷ˵
Ҫݣ
׳ϼ飬һ˿һš
ţ
ʦһ̤
̤ϵһס


111 ؽǧ
Яϵ˷, ԶȻ£
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Ӯʮ, Ϳֵز
Բ
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ԣԽһŭһӸµصһйѹһеĺҪ̤˼ĺӸ䣬顣
ʦΪģһغ̨ϳϸܵƣһݵԲ
ֱվ
̧ס
غƺһ·, ÿһ̨׶ԼɣԼÿʮ̨ױһǷΡȻһһеľʺ, Ҳһ˫˫۾վϣСϡ
ǿѹһеĻֺ, һеΰ
ƶǧӵΰ漣ôὫСĲ
Ȼ, ̤Ƽ֮ء
ʦ¿, ɫ̬, ڵһ, ڴһȦܿĲƵĽƣַǳ԰, ·̫ŵѩ, Ҳ·ǲʯ糵
һճѪڵϡ
ǰ, ɽͭ˼ʿ
ȥ
ѵͭ˼ʿǾŭ
kô, ⻹ǵһǿšͭ˼ʿõֽճȭ׵ȭ֮ߣЯɽķӲֱʦ塣
һߺ
̶ĽĦƺֳּ֮
ɽͭ˼ʿȣʦθСϱ֮󡣵̤ʱ˺ȴϡ糵ֱͭȭײ׹ͬʱŽֲӺסͭ˼ʿȭ糵ϴͭ˼ʿͼֹ̤סΣȴֻܽڽںˡ
ԶĹ¡
ʦ԰׵סӡһİۡ
һĨʱѪ
̵һĨѪʹҹ
׹һ̻΢ЦָմȾѪ߸߸ɿһ̳Ľë䣬ָͬȾһĨѪ룬ΪʲôأΪʲôһһεǣΪʲôҪ˼ʲô
ʹʱԼ
ôΪԼ
ͭ˼ʿͽȭͷСۡϰڲϲֻиؼ׵˫ȿƽȡ񵲵k糵ȴˮǵǰûüѪԿпݡ
ǿҵ
ͭ˼ʿؼ׵˫ںʯĹ֡
һؽסڶؽסؽסת˲䣬ͭ˼ʿѾʦѹţײʮؽסϵ֮ŭ׷׳֣ϰٱʦ壬֯һܲɷֵ
䡣
糵תһĨұĹ⣬Ѫ⣡
ʦ岻Եͭ˼ʿȭת󣡺ᵶԭմпڵһѪɳըһССѪһŮϸüĵûͭ˼ʿУԵkıϷɳûһ
졭
ͭ˼ʿϰǰ£°ֹԭأһƬӿ̳̳ʦҡֱϣӭԼĵСϵ࣬ǿߡɵѵͷ
£ս

ڿա
ըϰٱͬʱ飬Ƭ˷Ž֮һѪ
УӸ߸Ծ˫յһϵһֺڡ
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׾أһڡ˼£֮
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һڱնʹkǱսûδ޷ٵ˼ˣӣҲҪ׹˼䡣
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λǳ֣ңϻ£ʦȥ··֮·ȫס
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ͬʱǽѵǰһеķӡѾʦ硣糵£Ѿĵ

ӡҽƺ
糵ףؼʱʦûб䵶ֱ֣Լײɿɣλײ󵹷ɣһҽһߵ
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ڵߣʯڣνʦߣȻȻʦ塣
ʦŲͣһĳס
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ʦ崩ѪӭתͷܼԽԽԼڵɭȻɱ¡ǵأʦֿտգ糵ڵһڵķ
㲻ܡ
ʦӡĹ켣
ԭҵɫĳһ̲ײȾڡµͷͻȻͣһɲڶ̶һɲ䣬ʦѾմѪ̧գ·ͬʱס
Ҳĵȷȷס
ԵΪͬʱʧȥ˶Լƿأﵶ̫ƽȸҵ൶еͬʱʥͬʱԭȵˣͬʱתпڣײԭȵͬ顣
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ࡣ
ڷе糵𣬵һ糵Ϊ⣬۳һǰδеֱָ֮ݡʦƮҡ֮ʣң񡭡ڶ飬飬
Уȥ糵⣬һ񵶲飬ʱʮ
ڰ
ʮը顣
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ը顣
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112 ֮á
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, Ը߸ʦӰȶߴɵ˵, ൱Сڲϡһݵĺ߹Ȼ¡ѪΰʬʹΡ̨ףʳһĵ̺
׾ͷⳡɱ
ԴʱڵĹ˵ɿɣѡζ񣬲ײۡٶҲν, ݵǰ䳵ǰٶҲֵÿϧƷ
ɵkǲܲǱ
Ǳұ糵
Ȼܹ׵ڣȻõkǸһ˿ΪϤϢ
ðѺö
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˵ı, ÿһֻһֱֻۣ۶ϱķ, ˿̵ɫͫڸǲסļޡ
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ԭͭʮ, һݡ
Ĺ񶼲², һԭͭӦУ䵽˼ĳء۷֮ĿɣôѰ, ʼҲһԭͭټʥͭ, Ҳ, ҲãĿܡ
, ҵһԭͭҲҪڶֻ巽ϵеκһλ֡
޹ֺɣҲһԭͭټԭȷ˼䡣
ĿȣʦֵǧףȻƶ£ѵѵⲻ֪ļһ

Թ۵kԾ£ȥʦ壬ɰЦһ
kҲ룬ǰ糵Ź֮֮࣬Ϊʲô˭Ҳûж֣Ȼת䣬ҾѾΪʲôʦ׺󣬹ŵʼûжһԭͭʦ岻˼䣬µķ籣˭Ҳֲ糵ĹŹ֡
ƫƫ뿪˼ˡ
ʦ١
컹гǣٲҲҪɲܶϾ˼أֻ¶ȡ˼˼֮ϡʦΪһ˼ڤ飬ʱ죬Ҫѹơ
ߺñߣȻ󣬿Ѿ߶סߴ
οҪһ֮Կ죬ǧڡ
Ѱ·
һעûʲôֵģ۵kǳٳٲֵģһԭͭ糵
糵ֻһԭֻͭһݡ
ɳȥ׹ĵİ׵ۣ֪ٵ⣬λŵλ졣
λŵ˭ȳ֣ͻΪλ۾İӡ˴ʵ֮䣬˽ֲ£Եȴʱڸ֮ǰ巽֮ϵkǵͷѱ𣬺䣬΢
ƺſ
·ʯʯؼ䣬νӴȼɫĻ棬Χƺھããսѥ֮ʯ˾޴İݡվڱʦ߰ص״
ʦûͣ½Ų
糵ڸһʺ󣬳б̣һͼ෽͵Ϯ𵽿С
һӣʬ䡣
ǲѪϣת˲ʮء
Ӹ£ƽӣֹ˼ûУһǰֱһаɸߵĶܸ¡
¡졣
ƺһԲεĿȱܼƳںϣܸҲһٺͭţ׷סʦǰĵ·
ʦְڵ糵ƽƽƳ
ͭײӴ
վԭ˿ֱֶܸ΢ؼߣжȥײʦ֮Ʒҡڵھǧ׵ϡ糵ʹһпڻ򵶼⡣
Բ֮أ
ǳ⣬е֮ŭſʱлʺףƺһؿ
ȴһϸ΢ʦĶУ
ԭͭңұ㰲Ȼ뿪
شkǶĿ⡣
ʦϸ£յƽнɾ޵Ķܸܸϵɾ޶Ȼۣȼܻ棬һſҪ޼ɵķ˺ҧƬ
ڤ粻ŭΪǶãЦڤڤ֮е־ֻҪƿס㣬Ϳƿ磡ΪΪʲôҪ̸֮֮ܺϵģֻ㣡ڤ飬ǾҲκβ㣡ȻΣǾҪܵǵ
浽ʦǰ㱻Ϸĵмиҹȥ
ܸԸɵʯ׵棬Ҫһֻһʦ촷ۡ
ܸҵ˲䣬ʦ鵶ٴκˣķӹӣ򴦵ͷӱճɻͭɫ·صܾúܾǰվұͭ¯ǰվһ
Ҫʲô

ĵ؞֮¯У̿ȼܴůĹյƣβ絤˼һĨɫ봥ȴ޷ġ
ôᷢ˰
ָⲻ᲻صߵߵߣ𱸣ȴַ㲻ײЦ⡣
ý
Ĭ˺ܾã͵ͻش
ƺЩ죬Ϊʲô
ǰΪʲô
𲻳Լǲ˵ˣȴ֪ΪֲԸĿڡ
ȴȻЦˡ
һЦһ˵ǾõɣԺһ͡
Ϊʲôʱ֪Ҫôش
ô򵥡
˼佣һֻ㣬ֻ㡣
Ҫ㡣
ҪΪն
糵ڷתԾ˸һööĻ𣬼ܸ΢ľ޴졣˵ĸо·ڶܸϵĲǻǣһſŴʯһһˣһһϲȳһһĽӡ
kף
㾹Ȼ޴ֵزҲ
֮á
ʦ糵óһƬĻ
֮ã

ްޫһƬѪ
ڤ֮⣬ؿݷĹǾѪѳɳӡѪӻڤһܣǰƺõĸţ۵ڤмһ̨֮¡̨öɣһƵĻС
ʮʹλƸ̨վ¸Բһ㰵ơ
칤ͻϳ̤֮ǵ칤ͽлԶΪ󷨡ƾΧڤǣһ޴¯ҲΪлԶ룬Żڶಽĵаӱӡ
ĲǵһĲл꣬һֱЧΪлܻڼɹһȼ
ãǵǧ꣬лԶ˵Ϸģת
ôһ룬Ǽһûͦϧģ֪͸ö˳־һѡԼԼһֱЩҲδá
Ӱңң¯ģƮ
ڵͷҪڵͦ˼ġʵҲ뵽ֽҲǲɽôķĶĻмġһ֮أʮأٴأ
ֱӵڵˣֻһˡ֮ʮ޵ʿһһϰϰƿԼÿķģȻȻǵǿԼŬáʱ򣬻ж˻Ķأ
ûȥĹҲ̫仯
̰Ȼ

Ӱٴ˺ǰһ޶ۡ
ǲ֪ܹػ̫ţ֪ԼһлһͿغ󣬻ԸԸٶһΣ
룬Ӱ̲סЦ
ҪԸٶһΣǾĴáҲҲˡ
ڤһڻƻްӱ죬סǵİһ¡֮׼ĻʹȼеķǵĻ׽ѪӡѪӺɸߵĴ
УһĨлꡣ
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113 лл˼
ЯѪ
ڵĴӭǰδеʢ, ļ޼֮ء
һڤ, ʮ׹ˣͬʮԣͬǻһʮ޸ǸʽĴף衣͸ֵĿϲûбڤǵĻ̸ʹ޳ˡ
գ֮
⣬֮
ϲҲ
֪֮Ҳ

Ĵ, һ澵ʱ޿̣ճǳªĿ
ʥ˲ֹ[1]
ħֹ
, ڴȴǧ꣬ڵȵ֮աֻҪ, ֻҪ˽ħǾħ
ڤǶȼա
޴ƾڸѪͷʹǽ̤Ų, ܴҡ, ǵĿĹģ, ֻʣһŤĺӰ, ħڻʢ衣
⣬֮
ԳΪ¯, ѪΪ, Ÿؾʮ̨ĵĲлԽԽ, Żȥл𽥳ֳһֽӰ, Ʈҡ׹µ΢Ľɫ
¯ÿһǻһΣƮҡһΡ
һֽҪȼ
ûܳɹ
˿㽫סÿһλ𼴽ȼ˿ͻսȥ
ѳ칤ϷлԶڳɹа취ռڻްǧ꣬Ϊ˿
һ̫ĳ̫̫ȥˡе񳯳ǵɽ龫ôˣܹõ籣ԼϯǧӦͱˡ
ǰһм䶼ˣֻʣ½ѵʱãȻͱʳʹࡣ
ЩĿ޺ʹ࣬ǿйĲлҪģĽٻҪ޼ģ߹ݡʲộһλԲΪһ尾Ѱ
գ֮
⡭
ĻʹŽ׵ף£յгףʦǼһ̤һߵһݣһ˿˼ʧѾõгǹ޴׼ļ֮ȴƫƫ޴͸Ҫ³羴Ȼ෴Ŀϲ
ĖǳףıȡʱĿϲһޡ
֩ĥ˱Ѫ
ֻǲͬڸҪѳףݵҪÖһҵаڤлĿǴĳǼ᲻ɴݵĻʯ
ڵĴѾݻԼĳǳûɽú͸ϵĳǣʱʱ̶̿Ѫˮʱʱ̶̿ڻ³ÿһʱ䣬ҪѰҵ㹻ĺǺѪµһγǻ
Ϊȫһˡ
ǽõĻʯ³
˼Զ֪ж༵ǣԶ֪ж༵ϰΪĴա˼˱СȴǿĸԸΪɽǣȴҪٻ
ǲƽ
ûϵˡ

֮ǣ
ʹУ˿ɲսѪڿգ۳һѪĶڰתһȦſ¶ݣ䡣
ˡ
ķһƫ°ײ档
лʹζһ£ڸոһɲȻ³ֹոһɲ˵ĽŲԶѸٴصú̫ŵĿ丸ںڰд󲽿񱼡
йĩ꣬丸һѾˣ
ʹתͷŲķ
ǿ丸
һλͷ˪ףЬƵϵ
ӡ
¹Ѱ
ӿ׳ŵһ̣мѰĹɫ֮䡣ֱȡöľӦڤ·ϵľˣԼϡɲǣܴӹȼ
ûеɵƣֱӰԼȼ
˳ɵơ
Ҳڻ˳ɵƵһ̣ӷһڤ·һܡڤ·ϣƵһġԴĲЩƸȴʼûд󶯸ɸǡ
ˡˡˣ
Ųס
ÿһ£һεشûڤǵأÿһ¶Խóǳ³׹ÿһ֮յȼһܴµһȻը
Ϊ˼ȼꡣ
˼Ϊơ
ļ豻Ųϣʹɫѿȡһͭġ澶߷֣׺׳Ϊ·ġʹľ׵ͬʱûŹ棬ڤƾһһڰθߣƵһľ롣
Ի׹Ĺ룬Ĺ·ĹĹ[2]
ԹĴ߹ǡ
ѪУƾˮҰ׾޴ĹǼ񱼶Ĺȥڴţͼ̳Խ
ڤֻʣ·
ӽŲͣõһһö뺷ɳӭ绯һڵӰӭϲҰ׾ǡͻϳǵӰʦеһŻΪơȻǹʦ֮һ
ȹʱһƾǣӡڹУԴֶΣΪһϢԭΣΪȳһû뵽յĹȹһġ
ûơ
ʦĻǣҲҪţȴڻŵʱ߽ΪΪɴĶ˾һɨǰѩްȼյơıӵãҪ̳һȺֻ˼α
ΪҪţԲĵƣ޿κΡ
ֻܶȱµĵӣҪã
ˣ
˵˵ȥʮ޵ô࣬ŶȥѰ࣬ûнıٵΪʲôҪȥһҪԼѹһͷʱռһضޡ
ɵϸʲôʱǹԼ
¹Ѱپǳġ󲻵￴ʦõЩ뺱˳ֻۡλʱѰ˼гһգԼţһҪҸᣬЩϳʦүǵ
ʱһݸ¶ڴаѹʹˡ
ǣپʹ治Ĺӣֻʱһ׵¡ʦейλˡ
˭ĶͰѶˡ

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ӽŲͣѪֵڤǡ
ʦүλĹӣΣ̾

ҲΪţһռȴȨǣʼδģհǰ˺󣬲󱲶ӡ
ʦƮǰűӭ򾨺
ˣҲ̫డ
һƬ貵ڰըΪһƬƣӲЯɽľɽ֮ڰϢ£ҽѪһƬϳĶˡʱ˿̣Ѿֻڤǳǰ
һֱԹ۵ĺӰڶظһֻҰ׵֡
ûлͷ˫һ
ݷ
뺽ӶϰգһλһλõĵˡʦүǳİĴУһλɫѿĻ۵ˣƳһǰеĹȣһ족һλŭݵĵˣ߳ȣùҵںεأ
һλºӰһȴЦλʦүôͽ̫ðɣҿò
̳ĺͽܣԣһɵ˶ŭĿӣôʦ
һ̯֣û취ʦ̵ġ
һɵǰӡ족Ļ۵ˣô̵ͽܣ
۵ʶѧʦġ
Բ̾λʦүˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ԼСͽܸɵйȱ£ʦүǴһѣĸϴӲ̣̲֮ϣʦ֮[3]ãȥҶй˭Ҳ˭
һɹʦɫûǽӰס
뺶ТͽﶪˣսΣ
ЦһײţӭʮʹĹӡ
һͽܣһףһ¹Ѱ׳̫ľ㡣¹Ѱ̫ûǻǰͽܲͨʣ͵ȥʰСͽͱĴ¨ûٵԼһӢҪͽˡ
û뵽ͽܣһţһӭ
˭Ҳû
ֻǰ
תʦ磬ӭϢĺӰ
ԺͲٸʰ̯
¹ѰȥĪͷ
һʮһȹ
ѳ
СͽܣƵϵſ׵Ĺûлͷ
ʹסһһأˮйͨ
׹֮󣬻ܴŵ׷ɱӳʮ޵а޲Ϊ֮߳Զſ׵ĹӣҲƵһˡʱ˿̣ǧĵ𣬻۳һɱȻĺһһεسֻһ˵Ĺӹ䡣

ӱȡ
̧֣зɳʮǦ裬ӭ仯ʮɽаâԽšʮɽǰڹǰ·ϵĵһʹӦĻᶼûУըһƬѪȥͣһҲ֪նɱ˶λʹ
ʮɽһߣΧ硱һѪ·
ӶµĹܲˣֻǰ
Ь̤Ѫ
̨ϣץʱ䣬߶˿ѪӣҪһʹԺ´󺧣ȫ߶˿ҪԲлΪвͶ˿һǣʮ׹䡣


ʮɽͬʱ£лΧĵ棬ᴩлĻ˿նϴ롣
ɽǽ
ʹһץס·ģһץסľ׵Ȼľ׵ո䵽棬һֲ䵽ʹϣ繥֮ʹƺ߶ؿھݳһѪࡣ
ջزƵۣڼ̳վ
ԶΧӰʦүӰѾԽԽ٣ɽ翪ĻʹҲѸٸ
£ӹڼ̳ϣֿʼֱѪ죬ֱʡȥ˸ѪĲ衣һơڶơѪڵʣңԶϽѾúһǰδел
ֻҪڴУסƲлۼһа취ӭĲлع˼䡣
ʹǵϸ̨һ¡
ܴӹȼ𣬻ƽƶסһ
ǧ⣬һյȥ
Ӳܲ

Իꡣ
һƻ¡
չ˫ۣ죬ڤϿ𣺡⣡˵زЩ⣡ȥ̫ƽЩ⣡
ۻâɫϸ߸֣ڻްָۣǸڤһƲлҵлλáԶȥʱɽȥ̫һףзɽꡣ
߱ɽֱ֮·
⣬ʷʦӰֻʣһ
ɽԶȥʱһľҡͷЦЦ
˵򡭡ҦСӣԼûѧûӵܣЦԼ䣬ľһףָһ㣬ȥ
һȥ⣬뿪ɽЯڣ˲ϢԶȥ
һɲ崦أɽ
һλʦӰɢһƬ⣬ɢ
Ը򲻸ԸսѾ
Ӱ⣬ֱӸڹǰҰ׵ɱʮ㣬һƳӻ䡣һ˷˫ֻڰлһԲ˫ͼ˫ƽƶӭϺӰһơ
ǿʢ䵽˫ͼʱжȥ롣
֮ǧ
ӰЦһ
˸գʤǿȷһżͨ˫⣬ʱǿֻǸѻʯЦ
ȻҲҪǿ
ֻҪȡһɲЪ͹ˡ
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⻤ŵ֮ǣڽ̳ϵĲлСͬʱѪɵĴ磬γһУܹңԶϽ֮صлص
ꡣ
˫ͼѭת
Ӱһһ¡
˫ͼȥϸѪߴӹӵ˫ģԿƵصˣײԼһɽ
Ӱٴ̧֡
һƲסӰȻŭ˼㣬һ£˴ǣΪУҪڴȼһյơ
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޵ǧ絩ĺ
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Ψһźһʱʱƶʣ޼ûüǲʡĵͽܰǷծϡҲ֪Сӵûʲôʦͽһվڸˡ
Ҫúȥ
ʦȥʦˡ
¡
ӵ顣
ӱۡ
ȥ¹Ѱ
ڴʱһӿ£һֻл꣬ɴʱȴ˵ߵ߹˾ͳĳ𱡵̳еĲлںһԭõӰȻ
ѩ
һ̧֣ͬһĳӭӰһơ
ײס
Ӳۣǡÿ紵𱡵Ƶ䣬һƬ׷ѩơһɲǣӺȻ˫ϥعڵأȻ

ôҪﰡ
㾹Ȼ
Ӱ䵽ƾ­ϣŹ֡
ڴ֮ǰ˵һ仰ûбɱʲô˼ˡ͸ˣֻҪôһ˿õĶڣ޷⡣ôǿҲעҪ
ֻǺӰǲס
ǲʲôܱ𣿼ȻҪȥΪˣйҪ˼䣬Ӧʵʵشšν²ΣΡѵΣ
𱡵ƶԹ轣һá
ӵͷҡͷ
Ҳ˵
𱡵̧ڰһĨʮɽڿвųһߣȻײһȫµĽ
㻹˼俸δ٣ӰĶ־棬Цʵ
𱡵ûлشֻͬӵл
ݺᣬߵڵأлǰǸл
𱡵ЦЦ̧ͷӿ޵ķ˵
л
лѭ
л֪Ұ
лơ
ղڡ
𱡵Խӡ
ὣǰ


114 ǧ
𱡵һϮ, ὣǰ
ٶȲ졣
ɱ⣬, еĽҲֻǼ򵥵Ŷѣâ
紵°ڣ仺·ڸһɱںϷۣˮ߹ĵط׹ǲкɵķ¥Ϣʧ, ٻɵĽֵѳ˼ĻʹƾĨȥ
֮ް޳
ڤУһ
ӰЦһ
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ʵʵκ۳, Ӱͣԭ, ڰһԵŨīа;, 򲻼ǰİ
˫֮ľֱʧ
Ӱ̧ơ𱡵
Ƴ㡣
ײ
δĻʹͼ̳ϵĹֻһǰδͭԼԺ죬³һѪ, βܿƵ׷, ҽѪ, ҳһݿӡ
ǧɺײ, ߿ձת¡˲䱻ǧƬ׷ѩǧٵײīһߺ⣬һȥŨī˲䱻ֳ룬൴Ȼſ
һһǣԭμ߳׻硣
м䴦һԵľ޴ȱԲ
ˡˡˡ
ӰββҡжȥײĽŲǰӿ񱼽Ǹӳأÿһ£Ƭв֪ٻ˶겻֪˶ĸغһһ
ֻסΡ
˾޴ȱԲм䡣
ȱԲܿͱɫһھ޴īء
𱡵ȱԲıԵ¹ĵһյͭ͵ƱԵҡҡҷҷĻ档ΪߣˮӿĻضϣһ°ȱڡ
δȵһνನɢ𱡵ٴƮǰ
Ľīذľ޴ȱԲϳһĺߡ
Ӱȴǰǰ
Ŀ٣ʱӦΪӡϣûб𱡵ʵĴڣҲûбɵ𱡵ƵĴڡˣ֪ĳ𱡵ѷǵһϲܵһʼ̽оȫԸ
ȫԸĽ˿
Ͽ𱡵ڵһνܷȷռϷ硣ʵϣѾ֪һ𱡵ƻǵôڸոյһνУᱻ˵ȱԲıԵ˫һ磬˫Բš
ӰֵĳЩɲóġ
Ȼһһɱ̸϶Եˡ
жд̵ĵˣ䵽ֵزӰ˿ͬʱȴҲĪЩʧ˵źúõгǲҪ²ɽ߽õأЩ΢õ۳ӣǴʲô
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Ѫӵѹ
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һֱʹĳһնѩߣɻɵīرһֳ롣ǰȥԽһն𣬴ССϸϸܣֱƬīء
·һꡣ
ꡣ
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һ֮أһǰ֮
㣡
Ӱĵˡ
һΣ񷽲һһɽ𱡵һᴩļ򣬽˺һȱڡŹֵǣûѪҲ˿ڣֻճĺɢֲ¾ۼ֮⣬ϸܵĽâϸС׵ںӰʵʵκߡ
ӣ
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е꣬ΣΡһֳѹ仯ˣڤڣǼ̳ϵĹӻǼ̳µĻʹֻԼһҶۣһƬǰīǼ顣
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ѾƵϰ󣬳𱡵ʼճţǰôңʼûиıԼķ

ĵȻü
𱡵ƹƮҡѪ
ײ
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ʮޱĺοʼˣ˻صԭȵķֽߡ

ޫ霣ĻδΡ
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ɣЦЦ۽ޣǧꡣ
پþû취ˡ
ԽԽᣬղš

̫ƽ


116 
Ͻ, 塣
̳ΧҶާĹڱһйߣ¹, ǹ⣬ȫʧˡ
߲صӰӰÿͷϣѹ˴ŮѵĹÿ˵ı鶼һḷ̌һĲлѾȼȴͻȻˡ
ǺϴһȻ, ȴҲɹ

ɴǾþò˵þòһӡӡӡҵϣԽԽСԿƵĲԽԽǿ, Ϊʲôǻ˵Ϊʲô̳ϵлᦺȻнضϣ
ꡣ
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ȥԶȥӿ޵ޣ¾, ѿյʯϸ죬һʼ޷˼, ޷, ﴫԽԽܼ, ԽԽ

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簵̿𣬷׷
лˣлᦶˣķ񺡹Ƕȥˡǵô񺡹ɲǣһĨǵ̷İ
˼⣬ػ˼䡣
У̧ңԶĴġ
ڻ֮Уӡ

ô

ҾͲǡ
ۼ׵ȭͷڷɹ⽣ϣҳѰۡҶѩһȭҵõɳȥҽСͻȻ˵ĺڤڤеһ㲻׹ߡ
˲ϷˮҪˮ˵Ļ׷ȥ
ʲô̫ҪĴڣЩЩڰһԶȥˡ̫ƴһУҲҪסġ
צ͸磬Ѫϡ
忡ȴǿŭѪ͵ȭһȭҶѩϡ
Ҷѩûжܣ˪׵ͷմѪ
֪ʲô֪ΪʲôлңңСʦϢСʦ汾ڳǰߣȴʣµƻǡ̫һ嶼ѾϧۣΪС
ͫѾתɴɭȻ
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Ϊǰ
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ΪǡС
ҸֱȻ͹Ƭ

צӱضסҶѩʺ߸߾ԶԶ
󣡡
ɫӰһӶҶѩ׹֮ǰһȭݺĸٴ󵹷ɡ
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ģĴҶѩ׹֮ǰٴζסʺһһӾ뼫ҶѩؿҲɫͫɭȻЦ⣬Ц⡣
Ǿм룬kޣõkǺεȵĿɱǶİôôĵĴڣʣС˱ôȥʹһλǿkΪڣ
ĺһһѾǶҶѩ˵ģ˼䣬С˻顣
·ʱ䵹ˣػء
صܾǰ̫š
׶˵СߣԼ룬ϵ棬ƶˣ߽е붼жĻԣСһЩᣬһЩõĸӵƭ[1]
ΪǡΪЩС˽ֿɱϣǣ
˭һͬںڰʱ䣿˭磿
忡ԹŤǲȥøɴ೹ףαظһЦɱϣαظһʵֵˮ¾̬
Ҷѩʹرۡ
Ȼòˡ
ϵù֣ǰɽնˡ
ˡ
ΪʲôûڳǰߡȻԸ⸶һдۣΪУҲҪãôôĿΪԼά裿
ģȺģܱȥ
ûʲô롣
ͰźԼڡ
ҵԶȥһ統ǰɽһϳԶֻ̡һΣߵøԶˣԶ˼ӴҲա
̫طѵʮӴ˻ǵһšƣӴ˲ϽεءʦԼˣӴ˲졣ɣв¶ܽǰֻҪЯ֣˼ͽӵԼǳ
ûʲô˽Ҳûʲô롣
ĺǣɽӹĮ
Զ߲ȥ
סģǳޣǹ磬ãҲ
ްԹ
һѶҶѩչ˫ڴзЦ
ΪʲôҪܸ
ΪʲôҲҪ޴ֵز
ڶҲãԹҲգѾΪ̻ҡʮʳٶ࣬ٶͬ屻ɱĳ𣬳˳Եı⣬ʣ¶壿ҪȥʵѾˣǻûõҪĴ𰸡
Ǹ𰸻׵ľѻʲôö֪ˡ
Ҳá
޶ȥˣҲƱԣҲҲǻֻҪǿʳɱ
ɴడ䰡
ΪʲôЦЦţȻˮ

˼̳ϵ𣬷ǲлұˮˢţ˳źʯ̳İʡŮŮ٣վڴϻ滭ͼڵͲʱˢģˡ
Ͻϳ䳱ʪܴĸӰĵشĶӿʱ޳ֻγƣϽȴֱйֱû˴δ˿̣߹ֶ˵ĺ˳Ѿȥ
ֻЩּƮ
õ»Ҫˬ
Ҽ̳ΧľƵܹųܵİͭ޷Զ
ͭ죬Ѹڤڤеıӡ
ǲҪݱӡ
ڳˣϽˣϽҲûˣӴ˲ҪٶާҶ£ľϵĲٻȡůһжˡǵĻҲûˡлᦵˮûлֻ˶ʬ⡣
ҡҡλεվһһӼ̳¡
еؿѾʲôˣʲôעⲻˡ̳ѾˡĴףǳȥӿ޵Ϥ̳󷨵Ĵס
û˭ζʲô
𲻻ȼˡԶˡ
һ
¼̳˲䣬ĵû˼ʱҶûлǵĿտǣ꽽š
ˮ˳ź䡣
صԼסĲȥ£ﲻҪôŰɡˣϵһҲûˡ
ϳõķ
׼ߣ
һֱȹĸ߸Ůչֱס̿ͷŵҡҡλΣ⡣ϣĴ磬ҳԼİΣӭĹ
֣ƿԼŮ
ǵĹϨƣǰҡΣţŹȣһȳһգĹ֡
үү

ûлͷ
ԽԽûˮתû˵û˵￴ݹȴûע⵽һľȻǰûƳһۡ
׼ߣû׼ߡ
ſֱۣһŵ˴ŵҰ
һһ顣
Ǵ߾ǱˮֻݹתͷһۣվסŲûǼлɣүүģҲᣬǼлɡ
ݹû뿪Ҳû߹
һĨϵˮԼ̳ϸ̨
˴߾е˴վԭأе̧ͷ
СѪͿĨơ
ޱƸļʽƶˣĵķǺˣ𲻻ȼˣǾľñ꽽͸ľ
ףһˡ
һһߵһߵһݣ
Ůݺߵ
ĸããĴ꣬峺һ䣬һڡȼȼȼֻһڼ̳ߵݣݹģСӺ͹
µµӡ
ߵݣ質
ԽԽ࣬һȦһȦ½̳ӵ
Ҫ
ҪΪ˼ȥˡ
𣬴ꡣ
Ѿǲ壬µȼٴҲǲ嵽ߵ˼ΰ˼Σһһسף衭˭ûĴ˵ĺ˭֪Щƹľͭң
ͭ嶣긴һ꣬겻ֹ
ǣ񰡡
ٱˣɱҲãҲãǵˡ
ֽ˻ͭ嶣䡣
衣
ȼ˻
ĴڹΧվס˽Ųתż̳أҲļ¿ʼˣȻͬһΣּ˶绨䡣꽽еĳ
һȥ
Ҫٴȥȼ
Ȼߵݹָż̳һطʧ
𣡡
ֶڰУ͵˳ݹָķȥһ㰵ɫһ̲ˮٿһʼԼ۾ܿƵزšȻһ̣չᣬƿĻա
ơơ
ݹץסļŤͷ۾ǲŵĿϲ
ˣ


117 ˼̻𣬻
ôеpǺȻˡ
һβһβĳpǽ, Ӹ£ӴγƵۼһ, չβͭףչ캣һǰδеĹԡԻһೱȺǡ
硣
С, ³ףľ챼ף˾ķˮȣĵ̳
ͷͫױصĳp
ܾ˵ģpǲ콵µĳ硭
põ˵, ˵̫ʱڣp˵汻ڴ, ֮±Ǵнһ磬ػΪ˳pӴȺ, ࿿, Ϊpĳǡ
ǲ졣
˻ش, º, һѧн̵ʫǴ
Сף͵ػعͷ
忡ãpȺ۵ϼ, ף·衣߽Сף, Դ, ǳɳ
³, pǵģǲ졣

һ꣬pǵȱУڰӿ޴ǵĿЯССߵİۣһϼ⣬˼䡭ԽСף̳
ƫִɢȥɢȥ֪һУҲ֪ԼǶôЦɱĹΡ
³ѪϼȴɱĳУ飿
ǷҲú͸裿ǷҲƣ
һѽ
죬ҽ轣
ôͻԸpǴ۱Ϊ뿪p㣿Ϊҹɰϰ֣

̳£ķߵŰݡ
գpա
һ֧pǰɽףչֱۣȼһĻ档
ǵףʯ̨ϣֹͣĺ꣬۽ǺȻȼ˻档
ʦɰΪϵǰδеޡ
⣡ԣΨֹЪ
⣡޼ΨֹЪ

ˮף贩ããˮصǳϿա
һգĺֳҲδģ͵͵еĺȥһɰִʣΪһöۡǻлأл
⣡˽룡
pǳӡ
Ǳpĸѡ
ĸҲеĴߴ١ʵƬ벦ͭͬ죬һٻǸףףǳ֣ǰ㣬ѹʵں
pǵһȼأһڰ
һȼһյĵơ
Ͻ̳
ȼ

ѪŨīĹŲİ졣
ԭǧƻ翵ѾһģĹڰٲһϼ⾡ѪȾ졣ս𣬵ʬǱ꣬סֲɭޡ
۹˳ǧ
ƺkײһƬнĹ֣֮ȫ顣kɵĳ/ǹнѡ
Ȼ飬Ũī񱩵ϯƬƺ
ɲǼ䣬ǧͬʱըը¡¡һƬףǳǧغͬϵһߵһͬѹ촷ۣߵ˵׵ľͷ̳߳ӣ
Ѫ糵б
ԼΨڷʱ֡ĺʯʦ԰ȾѪġ
סѪ
ǰ
ÿǰһڵƲǰӿһ㡣
ÿӿһ㣬׹һء
ΪʲôʦôҲΪʲôؽ֮ʦʵ᲻kĲãĺֻ죬ɣ׹£ͳͳãͳͳΪЦ
Ϊ
׹ħ
ˣˣ
һһˣɫҰס
ڿ׹Ϊа;ǵkǣɵ׹Ϊа;ʱ־壬ŵҲǵkǡ
ô׹ħж˼䣿
˼䱾

˼ӿأɽХϾ޹Ѩѳʿͬʱ̧ףͬʱǲ֪ԼΪʲô˾壬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô콫㸲ؽݵĩԤס
Ψ䳯ǡ
ڳĹᦣˢϵӡ
ԶpǷĽ磬ʦȥϵǰһ졣һ죬Ҳͬı꣬ʦڼ̳ϣһľƣȻʣǲס޴δô԰ףôʱ̡
ȥģĲл궼ȥˡ
תͷ
޿ҵһīɫ
ˡ
ʦ岻ҲѾξŴΣȷû취ٽˣٽģͽΪġ׹ħˡ
ñӲ˼䷱ٲʢΪӦ˼˶ʹΡ

ͣôȥ˼䣿û취û취Լ
Һ˼䣬Ҿ˼䡣ڵ£ס԰׵ò˵ʦɫ㯵ϣָԲһѪҺ¶ȣǲԽԽ˺ۣ
˺ۣôܲȥ
ô֣
˭Ҳ߲ȥ
ĸչһ㣬գ˼䡣УЦЦԼҲЦˡ
֡
ᦸ߸չ

ңԶpǣŴƿȼ
Ů٣ٷ°ݡ
İУһβһβӰҷÿһɢɵǳΧ۹⣬չβǳһǳӰpϿգƵĳp۳Ǻӣת
ӭǺſ˫ۡ
գ
СףſںһʺԼ塣
ջͷüۻǵʮ»꣬pһۣЦЦȻתɢһƬϼ⣬ƵĳpС
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ǱȼգĖ֮ѭ
µףŮףԼ䣬·𿴼ǧβӰǧǳû񖎵ɡľģһ΢ҪϨĻת˲
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ӿ

񷶥첻
ʮ޵ʿͬʱ̧ס
˼ķֽ磬ˡ
Ȿʵֵ£ɵʱ̣ȴûλΪ֮ϲáһѾߵˣһѾˡ׹ħе˼еɱĵ档
ǻڵʲô۹ƶŭ𡣵kˣ֪ʦѾˣkͲõһ֣ɱ˭Ҳù
k£еƺӿһڵĳ
׹
糵ڿлһ޴İ£ն۹ʺkı鶨ŭһ̣Ѫ߷ɣ䵽ʦ԰׵ϡ۽ڹؼʱ̣һɫĳȻУļ
۽¹䣬ֱָ˼ɹ֡
ĸ
ԶԶģһŭڱƺ
㵽ʲô
ĸջȣ׵Ѿ顣ûκα飬ֻչƺ
ϣ˼ѹɽ
۽ĸˣһöƵӡʦҼ磬ѹڸ߿Смɢȥ¶һĿģ࣬ʦ壬һ֣һӡ¡
һ䣬ʦ顣
ʦۡ
һ̣Ȼըӿɺ
öƵӡֱ䡣
ʲôû
һЩõӰƵ۵໯ǰ
ʦ֣һգͬ˲ըǧͬʱѣǧͭͬʱأе֮ٴκȻ׹һ׹ɡϣ˶ؿ
Ѱ·
Ƶ۵ңԶĵط
kȴûг֣ҲԸɳ
䣬Ƶ䣬ĸֵɫ΢΢һ䣬һƽĸл䣬ͻһں磬ԶȥںԶȥʱʦתӿޣû׷ȴһɫĹ޶һ
ں⽻ס
еײ
ֻöнɴӷӵɽܣ˭Ҳû嵽˭һ⣬۵˭һСֻܿе֮Ǿ˼ѾԽԽ
ʱҪ䡣
˭Ҳ֪Ǻãǻ
ડ
ĸ˫ᣬ䵽ɽɽϣѪȾϵϹ䡣ûȥܣֻתͷأңң˳һۡľ֮۶ߣϡɡ

˻Ƶسһʣ͵ؽһɵĻա
ڰȼգհ
Уĵ


ִﳯɲǣХɢǵĹ⡣
ʦ֣治ĹУᾫ׼£סһĻ
¡
䵽ǡ
ˮɽС֮ǣ˺̺ʯС·ʦָ΢΢£򳯳ĵĵľ
ľףʯ̨ϡ
»ĺ£ѩһؾͮϼĵȾϹ޵ĺױĺѾȻֹͣ¶ȥõþֻǸո˯ȥ۽üҴһҸһ
ϡ䣬Ц
ЦƵʣ
ôһ㰡
ʦһζЦĻ
һƴ̫࣬Ѿ֪ԼʲôˣǾͰһɡû취һƽõ磬Ǿٻһذɡ
ҵһ첻زݡ
Ҫ˯ʦ߰򣬡һҡ
ɿ֣Ʈ
һ㡣


118 ļֻأ
ڳ𱡵Ŀڡ
ʼڲȥ
ʦȥȡǰڳ𱡵еİ硣
յǾؽ, նǧڵһȴüղסһö硭Ҳο֮ɣ
̫, ̫־塣
ʦѪס磬ָΪ̻һķš׹˼ϿյгܵεǣһǻбնɱбϷ
ǧǻ۹麽
򳯳ǡ
дδǼֱԼ۾ʦûջ˼ˣͬԶع¾һ, 䵽𱡵ϡ
ôôķӣ
ôã
ҵˮīԴԴԳ𱡵Ƶ°ںָӿɢڴӿչǹвڡûôŨصҵ, ҲûԻ͵Ǻӣһϴǰµѩ
ѩһжˡ
ˮīֽȥ, ֻʣɰѩ
ϣʼһһڽš
ľӰǹʦĺ󱳣ǹ𱡵Ƶ, б, , , ˭ҲӲȥʦѪһֻס, һֳʯ̨, ֦, ҪӰȫ
ʦµꡣ
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ֲֻ֣ջأںϲãҪϵѪɾȥó𱡵Ƶָ⡣
ѪôҲɾ
֪ʱϵѪѾµˡ
ʦͽĲãȥӵİˡ
Ҫһ˽óһԼĺסزԼĻôô̰ӵ̰϶ôôӵɼ
Ұ㡣
ʦ͵͵أɳƵ˵
֪ʱ㣬㲻֪ʱ㡣
ļֻأ䣬ڰ㡣

ɽǳҰпŭڵߵаڻǰδеɣǰδеǿ󡣹Цһۺϳܿܿսĵ
׹ħ˼׹ħ

ʮѪꡣ
һһӰ¡
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ɳ͡ľס
ʦӰԽԽòϢҲԽԽ豩壬ȴ֪ΪΣʼûгʧȥǡûп̤ǵˣֻǸף𱡵ƵȺᣬᵽƺǻأųġ
ѪҺʼ¶ȿʼѭ
ʦ΢΢ӳ𱡵Ƶüۡ
ľӰڳ𱡵Ƶüңб涡ָġ˳ϸ֦б£ڴʱһ¡껹ںΣپѣҲסָʦͷСԼˡ
յ˵ӡ
һޣһ
Ȼ෴ȴޱϵصһ
ףҲں
ڸǰ⣿
ѪԽԽ
֪ɽֿҰʧˣ㾻ĺ䣬ףۺҽƣө汻û߻פĿҰʯߵİǵĳǽˣǿӵһء
ɵظ췭ǻ˵
ǧȥ
ǻ֣δȵѾ׹ħˣȥ˼Ҫɵڶģ
绨Ů޲ƫף޶ʦ̾½ʶԼֳ㯵ֱ˵䳡޵ĺӡ֮⣬ɽŤѣػ۳ɺӣűӿ˷
½ǰһ
ͣ
ĸȻЦˡ
ȾѪָ⸲ڴϣ˵ģҲ˵ĳŪԳЦʣ׹ħˣˣɱ㻹ǲɱʦ岻شЦԽǰϣҪҪһģ
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ħʦ壬ò¡
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ЦˡŨۣҲʢôŨԹôصİ⡣
ѽü۽Ц絶Ŀˣ᲻˼𣿻᲻ΪһΣ
½ԭء
ĸЦıóףȴѵóף˶翴µ֡ʲôãܿȥܿ˼ΪһΡ
ԽమԽ죬ԽԽڡ
Ҫ˵ˡ
½סԼĶ䣬ضȥϢػ䡣ڱʮڻǧȥ˺ӣŮˡǻӦƨ˵ֹʦ塣ɽҹǰ֣ôĲָʯĳյ𵶽
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һ·񱼣һ·裬Ȼࡣ
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ڣҲڤڤеѹԼҲشһȻνһ⣬ʦ屼ȥһеˡʦûֹû̧ۣڰжȻȻը
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ɭ䡣
һգ˼һա
ˣǾͲٻҰɡ
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ԲĮˣβ׹ħ
Ҳ̾Ҳ
ѵĴػϣĳǳ½𣬱ûөٴη裬һںͤͤʦ°ڷӰȥҲãа;Ҳգνø𱡵һƬĵ֮ء

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һػѹƣʦκȻɢȥǿؾۡ
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һۡ
ƭҡ
Ȼ˵͵͵˵
ʦȻ
ʱѵĳ𱡵վڰ񹬵УĹӰңңý׵ƮƮ
𱡵ԽӰԺһƬ
ܾİɵܺƭôҲû뵽ôһ죬۸ɵӲһϸ㣬޾ϸƭֻ˴ĵĶֻ˰Ҫݣȴûܲħĺۼ
ǴΪۿʼڸ֮ǰ
֪
׾ɵƭ˼Ѳµˡ
ƭҡ
̫Ļ̫˼˵ȴֻôһ䡣
Ӧ˻᲻ˡ
ƭҡ
ʦֻ֣Ҫõָȴӡ
һö¡
غ졣


119 Գϰ
ɢˡ
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Զ˼, Լеİ񹬵Ȼˣʵٴpǻ, ඼û壬𰸴һʼˡЩԹ߽ȥעֻһˣ˭˭
ãջߣԽݺύʬףʰ, Ҫһ
һ𵶴
ǧǧһ̸֮ϵӿĲǣ멵ɽӺԥ׷ױŮԾ¡СĽ𵶲̨ϣһֽߣ˼, ڤ¡
ȼ
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۽, ͷ, ͫӡĻǡϺƽʱ, ʫ뵽ĳ, Ҳǽҹһж̫ˣŪ˵ʲô, ˭ֻһ仰
Ҹ, ġ
, m
Ĵ˺ǧΪңΪ, ǧΪҡ

ĵڤӡλİ׵Ļľû̫Ӱ죬ҹû죬Ҳû˼佫ʧȥļ֮ϡӮңȴжôϲá
ΰ󣬶˽һ仰ɶ˵Ӧ̵Цɣ
Զ·еһˡ
ĸǧأŶԹ˼䣬ˡΪվǼǵԼɣϣŮ԰µŵŵ˵ȶˣȥɡ
һ
µġ
סס󣬿סĹ¼ţõʲôõ˵Ȼֻзˣֻʿֻšֻ˿ѭĲضأʲô
Ц
ףΪʲôǧΪңΪңǧΪҡ
ȻЦȻչ˫ۡ
ΪѾ·ߣ
ֻзˣҲֻʿţὣǲɽϣģǸɣɣѾȥ޷ͷѾˣҲѾˡһԳɾˮܰϣģ
·ߣ޷ͷ
ֻ
ң໤
ɷ޷֣మ
ɣȻΣ
ȼ
׷أɭȻӿɽγӭȡ̻𵶻׷ĹâͬŭĻʹ
ɱһظϱ
Уֻʣ°׵ĻԴЦ
ôôЦ

һö
ӿ׹䣬תȦһƽߡ
𱡵ƽס
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ǰǧ꣬Ƭô޹أΪ󲻱ϣΪѣĿɳˣҵϲضˣʣʲôʲô
˼䣬žһƬ
ĸˮ䣬ԶȥҲǰմѪ̾Ϣա
ԹԹ
𱡵̧ףָ档
ˣˣʲôûˡҲ䣬ԻɢΨ޷ʧȥһˡֻǰ尡İ塣ô꣬ƫΪ˼䣿
վʥ͡
ѩƼ䣬üۡ
ϡƹˡ
нɽ䣬ӻӽ竱ɽƽϵˣ˵Ҫڳʱ˵ңҪ˵ңҪĺ˵ңҪڴʱ˵ңҪ˵ңҪ˪˵ңҪڶѩ˵ҡ
˵á
˺ܱ׾ɴӦʲôȥ
ӴԺÿһѩɽӣ˵ҡ
𱡵֣ʧ˵
ûлֻѩ䡣
𱡵ȴЦˣ۽ü
ͷؽɫ۹ǣȻ󻷹ܡϣż䣬ܣһһľһõϤǰԶ̫Եƽ𣬽ڶһԻ͵Ľ塣
ǰ壬ǵ죬ҵгǡ
𱡵˵
չ̧֣öײ졣
.
ϯƣϯܡƼ乬Ȼƺ˻𺣡
¹Ի߳䵽¼磬ת˲䣬ȼǣȾ档гһ籷˿ǧ
Գϰأسϰҡ
̤ס
һһ˼䡣

𱡵˵ͫӡĸӡţӡǧɽ֣ˮںӣӡʮ޴صķޣܿܿ
ңңԹңңңҡ
һ˼䡣

̫һƿն
뷮
𱡵սһƳǡ
Ͼ͡


120 Ž̸Ц
Ƕ, ǳѩա
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С󣬸Ƕ˲ˮС, һæһ߲סƳһ
⡰ݼҲ¥ǮǶεĽϡ
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¾, ɫɫʲôСû
ɽڿˣȴЩ⡣
ɣ̫Ƿ糾ȥѰ鷢Ƶ, ôСܹͣϴ, ֱŽӦʿֹɣҲ̫ҪȥڰʦġĸѰٵ, ˲¥ץʱʽɰкα, һ¥, ͨ͵˵ĴҶ, ûȲأһͷϺ˯
ļŵĵ, ᵽֵز
Сһ߳, һĥ, ôίλϽ裬ڸ
ĥ, һ˲¥
ָݣģ忡˵ӣɾɾŷŤŤҲ֪ǳλҡ֮֡˰òŵĳǰϧĿһɨֱߺ˯ȥ
һҶ裬һɡ
С΢΢˳ǡ
ã굹顰һЩô˵Сˡ
ϣ͹Եȡ
СЦ뿪ˡ
ҶнʣļǮ㿴Ѿǰ̫ڵĵʮͷˣᵽΪʲôǰᵽ̫ңҪشӱ߳һȻһƲ죺ޣ
ѵؽߴӸļ̽ţƿ䵽λк˯ʦʦͷϣͷ̲ס¡
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ҶֵͣڰУһʱɫЩ㱡
ʮǰʮ޻ûΪ˻ûɷ𣬻ֻǸҪĲͺ¿һ죬ѩӖǰpǣӡ½ʮһСʦľʺɽݳ϶ԶģڼװСʦֶķСʦķӣ˱ó׵ǣīûɡ
һһֹܾòСʦϹдİɣ
ûκΣȻСʦģǾӲͷƤɡ
һתΣ¾ɿգ˵ɤ΢Щɳƣ˾úڴĿУйֽɫİڿУΣ˵һεĶֵ꣬ǧѭĴ֮꣬糵Ǿףնǧ磬ʮͬһѩ
¥
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ҶͶˣҶҲŽʦʦǽˡ
߻ˡ˺Ϻʿһ˵˽š
˵ԡҹ֡£֪øñ˶Щǡ
Ͼ֮ҹϣȴ̫ҳʮ֮սͬض硣ֵ£ƽʱÿ춼ҹϲ֪Ϊʲôó棬Ժ˯ȥˡڣʮʮ˾Ŀõġֻ족г顱ȵһ׮Ҳû
˯Ѻ첲ﶼۡ
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ҹʱ̫ս£ʤܡ̫Ҿ׷ɣսҹƹءЦϽأյһҹɿա
˵٩٩̸һҹѪ̳չǰ
ϧǣջ䵽Уʵʮһ衣ҵɽӢϳԴռǣȴʼδܴݻϳһսУλɽģλպŮкܣױ޵̷̻ˡλ̷һնʫʵһٳơʫ˫
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һǰݳǰ̽飬ԶԶ̷Ӣˬǻ
ڣһҲǲеҡ
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Ů޾Ͳ²⣬һҳµġ﹫ӡָ
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˵ղѣɤ࣬ĳ
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·յ֯İ͵ȻζͶ°߲ĹӰƵһ£ҹгĬţ̾Ϣ.
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δģȺɽСʦǶڵĵطôԣ
ĥţĥţҾĥ˸ӡ
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Ҳ̫ҵӾʳԼŷԼƣղûģСʦʵֻżȥδ壬ÿ϶ƣûһֵҹ͵
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ԱߵŮСөǾš
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ۡ
Ҷһڲ辡絽Сʦϡ


121 ˼һҹ÷
˭ˣʪҵĽţô
Сʦ͵, ŭ塣
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ږǰ̫ҵʱСʦͬ˵̫ҵӵı־˺ݻû顣
ʱҶֻЩ, ʽں, ̫һʢײ, ҹײķֲΪй, ʦʦԽԽ̱ദ, ȴܲʦʦǲǸˡ
Ҷ·ʦѯʹԵɡ
ʱ, ·ʦļ, ԶĿȺɽĳ˵
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ˣ̫ҵӸǿһ࣬Խ׸ɼǱ䡣
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Ҷִʦʦ̤¥ţֻߵĿ¡
ֻҪ㹻㹻ײεľͲҡ
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תսǡ
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ľ
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˸ӸҴ̫ҵСʦ棡˭ıӵ
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Сʦͷ󺹣ȻɣȻ̰ͼɫ̰СʦͷϣҲʵȻܹǿЦʤŭϾСʦ泤ʵǺÿ¹ôͱֵز
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ԶԶԡ
СʦεǷʳļһ/µģ
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˵˵ţ¹Ȼۡһ޵ʦܺСʦֲܴĿɿڴؿһѱһᡭ̣ողʮôö˶˵˵޾Ϳޡ
˵ǷȱʦˣѾĽʦʦõҶֶɵˡ
ҡҡ¹ʦúĨᣬһĨļƬѩĨϣʱ޵øˣ컹ѩˡ

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첻ѩɶ
¹ʦõͷѩƮ䣬ӹʮۡ޶̱ܳش
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СѩСѩ
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ԣһһߡ

ѩָȥҲڻ
𱡵ԽڻĳͼǱŵһԣذֱۣǻָѩ
Ϊо͵ȼգĻ𱡵ƵӡʮȥˣԽ⣬û̫仯·ʼͣһѩ죬ʱתǺ١
ѩų𱡵ƵָϺ£һᣬȻ΢ţƮ⡣
𱡵˳ѩĹ켣⡣
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Ļѩ΢⣬ճѩµĽ;֦޸֮ڳ𱡵ƵĿӹ복أӹеֵӰӹرߵɽʯ죬ѩһ֦б÷
Өѩڵ֦ɽӴ
һ춸Ȼš
ڰµƲȻɢԸ߿䣬ѩ¹⽻ӦɽһȾһ֦һ֦ȾһһȾһƬת˲䣬ɽǧ֦÷һҹʢ
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㰡
𱡵˵
ֱۣһ
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أЦˡ
㱼䣬𱡵ܾãİ޴ڡ
ôҲ㣿
𱡵ƶ͵ʡ
ǰ廹һڤʱҲ࣬ɲʲôʱܸ֪ڣɣȴҲˡ
İ壬ȥĶأ


122 ģ˭Ҳ
ȡߵߣָġĽ, 𱡵Щ㱡ʲôʱʮǧꣿʮˣǧָǺεȹ¼ʹࣿǷİ׹ħˣ
𱡵Ƶ͵̾˿
㷢ֵģľڰûκβ
Ŀ
ôִֵֵز
ҲãɻԼľ, ʢʵϲãѩҲաⲻ㿴˼ĺͷʣҪһ㲻֪ζ, ಻֪ζĻجڤ顣
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һֽ𱡵ѹסֽ, »õǱ߱¶һǡ
ǱԶתֻܿʮǳʵǳԶֹʮšһ, һ, ֻǳ̫С, ǶӦǳâ̫, ޷֡
ҹֺ첻, ɣҲŲ, ʱҪת±Ĺ;, Ŀǰʱ̫ڿУֻǣ̫Сʦ, Ҳ˵̫ܳ
ʮ̫ҾŸͣϡȱ˲š
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Ŀɣ˾£ִʱһʼҲδҪΪԼС
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֣ЩƵٵġ
壬һӰɡ
𱡵ЦӯӯŪ䵽ֽϵĺ÷꣬һһźãųһյ
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պ̳ǳأǳǣǣ¡ȺǻתԺʱѭǳϵ£[1]
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Ͼ͸ڴǰ羰
Ҫ뿪ϣҪһȸ¹⣬һȸӰһ𣬻ϺĴ멣һ˴ɡһ£䣬һȥ̤ѩһ֦÷ɡҪֽɡҪɫҪʲôɽˮīҲҪ˭ʲôӹšҪشһޣҪɫҲҪɫҪɫһȦơ
ժû˴ɡ
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壬˸дʫұ飬ָ֪֪ⲦŪ䵽ĺ÷꣬𱡵ƺȻִ΢䣬ЦȾüң΢ִŻһϷ롣
嶣鲻
رߵ÷ľ庮Ӱ¿
Ҳ֪ĳǰȻѾһԵˣתͷ͸γ糵ļһһʹ졭ҲԣĳڣЩûǸᵨ졣֮ǰϣճſǧӭĳú멽ʵʵҪۻñʲô졣
ϵ÷޷
𱡵һ÷꣬УЦСۡ
Уѩһͬתذףԡ
ˣˡ
𱡵ƫͷ÷ѩڷ裬ؽ°͵ڽʮָϣҹĻϵĽִ󷽷سϡ
壬
ûʲôҪأûʲôҪϡ
ϲϲ˼˼
µҲΪ̫Сʦ棬иѵھصźüңִֹغҪ֣´ӡһ˵ҵġ
ҲЦ˼ôɵֵز
˭˭ģǺͯŻ˵Ļ
˾֪Ʊ䣬׸ҶƯ䱸꣬ͬҲֻǹµˡֻʯͷĺϲһжԼıǣʲôԼ
Ӧˡ
ǹݽԳ̣ӴԺֻһˡ
ɾɰɡ
һܺùһ˶Է
÷ѩϺ£裬ӹ᾵ɽʯСͤˣһ䵽˱ĺ档
ˡ
𱡵Ͳţۣ˯ˡ
죬ƳǶףˡ
̫ˡ

ˮĴ硣
һۺڽʯϣһһֵغڵӺŰһߡԴԴһ𷭿һ飬ҪרעжרעҪж棬ʱʱۡ
ʮһһĵ˸߲ңҾ˵˰ɣ϶ᳬʮʦ֣ɣ
߸үģͳǮң
Щɵô˾֪ѵýһ㣬᲻𣿡ʦ۰ͰͿԼĺòµǮһ޶ߣһأԽ˵Խ𣿣ǰ֮ˣ
ʦüЦ
һǮһҡͷԵظ̾ɫǻ谡
˺ʯͷģ˽µǾ͸ϲȡ֡ϸ£ǶĵСѩһжٹׯׯĴᱻɫԴηЦ
ǵģûٹׯΨһһЦ̸
ʮǰҹֺ˼䡣
˶ò꣬ٲ޾У¥ɽˮﶼȥһЩˣû뵽ƧԶ֮أеأѹû뵽Щһˣ궼ˣʲôЦ̸ͳͳ׷ɣֻʣ¡Ȣ֮
ţò˵
ʦֵطҳС
ȻµǮðѩǧأİ
̸¼ɽķ׫࣬ÿһ˵ӡǰҪɸģɽ¼̸ͬ¼£Ҳ̸ݳǱ仯רռȤ̸¸ðɣǷġԡ
¼һѧʿɽ󡰺˵£Ұ̸Ϊ
Ȼ̸¼һУ̷ʮޣǶׯ֮ס
ɼ˶ԡ
ţԡʵ׬˵ġ
ഫȺϹŰΪȥɽܣǵٹˡٹ˵¸ģҪе٩񣬰壬ݽһ֣˴š
Ҫڹɵӡ
̫֮ѣȰЧѡ
Ǹѣŵ֮λβơԡһʱº಻ˣΪ̸ܹһߡʮ״λеڶ
٣ʦֺȻһʦܵļ򣬡㿴״ʡǡƺ÷ѩԡ϶дİɡ
ҿҿ
ʦܸϽչ
ʵĽĴڣɣٹׯׯ֡ηģϾ󲿷ˣȽί񣬲˼Ҳûű֣͸ֻд׫£Լ˼Ļʮʮ޵˼ʫˮ׼θ˲ֹһΡ
оʷеѩׯǸ˭
ʦƲ⡣
˼ԡʦֵͷӣȷ񡣡
˷ø𾢣ȴûз֣⣬ڤĵĽ֮亮ԽԽء

֪ԶҲ֪İ
ڤޫ霣һɻجҵϢĻаɭѹڱͬ뷴֮ɱԼ˼˽ϢȻñ׺ݣ˭ƫִ
ԡ
ج䣬䶼ѹˣˡ
ΨƫִģΨ
ġ
Ӧģֻġ
˭Ҳ
ҵġجУһڤƴȫ룬ġӦˣֻģֻһ˵ġ



123 ֵ
ˡ
Сʦһͷںͬʯǽ, ŵʯͷźʦ˫۷ſ, Žǽ£һȻƺ쳾ģҶҲһظӣصǽϣ˼塣
Ψһɫϴɫȹ¹һñʣһֽ, ͷǽµķƹ⣬һ߿߶߶һ߻г嵥
ϸȥˣ, ɫС
ѩ¥ȥ, ţԣС
̨ȥ, , ̫, С

Ҷ΢΢鶯, Ҫߣҹӻŵ/ޱǿҡ
ԱߵСʦȶֱת, ֵŤͷ¹, ¹, ҵ׹̣ǲҪȥ÷Сʦǿ߰ɣһСʦǰ, ô죡
԰¹϶ػش𣬴гŷϣҲصšԡ˵ţʼָͷǮǵ÷ûֱŲ󣬼ھͶеɹǣٴɹǵȴȥ÷ǣһҪʱ䡣ǵɽľɣֱӳǰ÷ǣֻҪʱأ
ɽ󾪺ԡ
֣Ҷֵ۽Ǿһ飬СʦܺʦܵɫֱӾͷˡ
ž
ԣ¹߸һƣǻһϺһ峿ʱأšҪ͸Сʦģһþϸѡ
ǣ˵öԡ
ľͷ
µҲϡ档
ŵɽڵʱ򣬹ʦЩһԼȭȭ֮ģʦĳ̶ֳϣһֻ׬Ļ㡰ϾʦǴ谮ӣ񣬻ͷʦǾʹʮʮֵĺö
ЩʱͽТʦһĵرתͷʦķѪͽܰɸõĵҩ
ʹҩȡ
ȻҲԷıȡȡλġ
ַԭɽΪʫڼŽֱֹ¹صһ¸κ󣬲ŵõȽϺõΡ
Դĵرŵӣ̫ҵӾԵЩ⡱ˡ̫ҵϲЩϲ̨桱ġ͸Сʦ棬һ㶼˭˭˭ĳĳĳִһߴܸɻͬʱһִ߽߳ЩϡŹֵ⡣
磬öڶµͭһĻ־ơ
ֻ֦е滨ˮµĺʯ
Ϊˣ̫ҵ˽ûٱЦ
˵һʯͷСֶТҲ̫ҵӸɵó
ǲ
ǵСʦ档
ЦְڵСʦ档
ŵĵӻûǰʦʦȴܼǵСʦ滹δɽЩ꣬ڵ̫ҼɹʲôߥһȺʯͷҷ£ѽеòðеʯȫҳһɽͨ·
Ҳãϲ̨Ҳա
̫ҾƯСʦˣĸ˸ӹܵţ
¹ɾʮ㣬һץסСʦܣһץסʦܣܣкҶ֣Ҷʦֿ㣡ȥ󿴿
ȵȡСʦһѿסʯǽס㻹û˵ǵҪСʦʲôܵиĿɣܴ밡̣
š
¹ɿ֣ȭ°͡
Ǹ⡣
õϢ֮Сʦܺʦ̴ڵҶֱһһ̽Դؿ
ȳΪζƵҶ:
ڰ̫ǰеĽǴɱɱƴ⣬ȥһ᳦֣ʵϣĽʰ̯ӣһһʦʦãһصļëƤ۵ĺ¡
ͺĹ
Ǯʢϴʯİλ޵һʽѩϸּۣ漰ģأ£Ǹѡ񡣳֮⣬ǮɾȻδ¼ڸжأСʦþƣҲѡ¹գֻи⡭

¹һ̯֣ҶԱһʮҵ꣬ǰȻǮɾƣǶ𡣡

ͬ
СʦܼһͷײȻһһʮҵ굽ʲô尡
Ҳ뿴һļҵۡ¹ڨڨ˵۵ĻǴһգġ
Ҷַ
˵̫ҵΪףˣ㣬ԼЩʲôģҲڿۿϴʯ
ǣ̫ʢͽ͡ͷͽǮ㣬ڸ½ǽȥǼǧƽžûˣٶȥ칤вĴ㼸ټǧӡûˡģʲôÿĽʣƯĽ룬͸ˡ
֮һ仰

ô죿СʦץץͷƤѵҪǮһ飬ļҵô뵽Ǹ;ǰΣϽקҶֵ䣬˼Բʦ֣ܹܹ
Ҷ֡ҶҲɫס
ǿվסˡ
ǿάסԼʦַ緶
ʦãʵҲҪǿϴʯȺǮɾƣҶóԼСʦദľʾȨСʦϲûͦģ̸ʼǣ黭סҪȥ̯ң
š¹ʦ˵񡭡
˲ɫ˿
¹ˣʵ˵Щζ飬ΨлǸ⣬ͻСʦ桭ȣδЩ
ĥţ˾СһߣֵǮҹдԶʮﶼž˸ȣ
ʼඣʼඣʼඣ
޵һ֣ʦ޷뱾αĵһ
ѻӢۣ
ˢˢŤͷ

峿

һλòᣬŴ缫ɧ֮µſϺ˯߶ֱźüĻʣմһɲҷ緶

һСϲɫһ·СܣǶ˵Ŷ롣
ϢĺϢ͡ȥĻڱȡ
ʲô
͵ߵëžߴһ£ˡ
ȥˣ
ԶԶԣСͷ
͵ˣҾ㰡ƭүˡСĸҰʦ͵ˣǲǣǶʦ֣ɳȥզˣǡǴʦ㣿ʦҲްǡ
ãţ߻Ļ֪
ү˵ۣͲ˱үꡰˢһȣϲվȲʣǼλ֪ģүҪúдǣ
Сͷ˵Ǽżʦɽľ׾ˡ
ž
һСϡ
ȹ㡢㾹Ȼ֪һ
СίⲻǼϲ˵İȥˣһҪһʱȻҪҺÿ

հհգһ°ڣҴȥ׾ǰɣүȥǣ
СűõĶͷ͵̧ͷȥ
ȵȡ
ԺſڿտҲ
紵һƬҶӴƮ䡣
С˵ֶڿС

ɽľ׾Ŀǰķûиֽۡ
쵫Σ


124 С¯
, ÷ǵľš
ˣϽϽ, ĥ䡣
ȸ̨ϣǶխ÷ףʦüͷһߴߴ٣һɨַԴɽ칤Ƴ׾ۺ󣬸޸ǵףʦǾͶɨ̨һ׮Ρ
еǣ
һ֪ɺ裬ݡ
ųơնɺɽǧľ׾, ׷µٶӼƤ񣬵μᣬԳܡ, Ӿ׾ģһһ, ¸췭ظ
һ
ףʦĿ൶͹ȥͷҲ̧غ

ݻȥȴû˽ӡۿؿ, ĸһȥˣһŮ, и˱Ÿһ˸ߵص
һô, ǵãףʦͷ, ߣϽ
ƳγεĽ𶧳ǰ
, ףʦһ, ȷô, 
꣬ɫɫýҲ˴򾪺׾һس̶, ûۡ⻹ͷһһ˾ȻܹͳվǰɫˣŲ鸡òţⲻףĳڻĳĸӣףʦͣ٣Ƥգһ
ףʦüЦƽָ
һˣɽȥˣڽӵķϣףʦܵλүÿʱ÷ǵ÷¡ſǰգһҹ֮ǧ÷ȫˣνǧһ
߶߶˰죬һ̧ۣǰտҲ
ˡ

÷ɽݽֵɽ˳ȷֲ
ɽž¥ټңÿ䣬Ʒɺ׿ɼɽƣػߴްѩ÷һҹ飬ƲɽĨ֬һɼ
ףʦԣǧһĳѩ÷˲͡
ɽµľ¥ɧռҲ֪ռ䣬ֶ˶ӽ÷̾ѩƪֻɽٶʮɣǧȣ泤棬֮Ϫ֮գǵù÷֮ʣɸ߷ɡΨкʯջһԵϣʣ˶ֹɡ
⼸죬Ҳ֪ǷޱǰµԵʣĹȷǿο˵ɽԽѣɵɽѾɭͣò·
ԣɽַǷɽ徻
嶣ѩƮת
һˮСɣľȰӣԲľȾͷһ注İʯ鿣ʯȼ˺ͭů¯һ÷Ӿ¯ϱš
̽ƾһ۱ˮˮƣһ߾ͻλƵġ
ΤѨڵİ๵ʮغԹÿֵأλ򡣴˴£ӵڹ˳ѶƱͷ졣Ҷһ߻㱨һ
һ۹ѩɽ㱻ˮ棬βһˮ
Сʦܳ˳ߣĽظ̾:Ҷʦֺ
죬ҪҪˡ¹š
Ҳʦܳۼֿصһ
Сĵ㣡Сĵ㣡ˮõǡ
ң

Ҷ۽΢΢һ¡
ŵӰݼʦʲô֪Ųڵӡ
ô
𱡵һֳסߣ̽Сʵ
˼멣ˮ鿵ЪɽϣԱ߷һǳյյЩ÷Ӿƽʱʱ˫ﶪ
𱡵׵ú·Ƕ棬ܵҶ˼ҳСʱӖǵˮ㱥ıµ̫Ҳûѷɫ١
һ㣬¹ӦСʦ棬Ҫ˻ҪˣҪҪȥ۰
ҹ£۹ǽȥֱ÷ӾƾСոպã𱡵ƽʣµһԶ÷ƽ绨ڱˮøձߵ־˻һյһ£멣̤ͤűصˮУ÷Ӿֳɵģ˭ȥɨ÷ѩˮ
ҺСʦһȥ
¹췭˸ϸ«С˿̳Ȼ˳·ѴҶԱ߿Сʦ
ߣɨѩ̳ʢš
㣬̣Լʲôû໣
ҶϰΪѵŽʦֵı鵽ˮеʯϣʱ䵱裬ʰϹͣ˳ѸոյϢ˵ȥ
ƱľһСѩǰ͵ˣٳٲϿ塣๵ڳأ±֣ӲֱȥϿ̽飬·˹ɽԺԶȷδоȺûĺۼҶ˵ţ̲סü
޲ͬ
Ȼٽ飬ǳػǾƽԭ½֮ϣֻϾųλŭ֮С޵飬ʮźӣӿ࣬Ұɽ÷һɽ⣬࣬۴ˮ
ÿȥ޵ġ
ʱͼὫźб£Ϊϰٴ澰׳ǳȴҲշǳΪЩźӲӴһ뺣壬ͻὫ׶ߣὫ֮ײ
Ϊˣÿ궼Ⱥһ𣬽Ʊش
ɽ꾨Ⱥٳٲ
һϢܵطҶּҲǷ˺ôһɽİЭ£ġ
˾Ⱥ쳣⣬оƿ칤ͬׯƶһҶֽͼֽݸ𱡵ƣӲûܲЩô
ͼֽǸӾܵģͼ滭ͼֽȻҪǵ˲³ǵ;ûиƷͼͬɢһˡ
Ҷĥһ·Ҳûĥʲô
𱡵ƽӹͼֽ˷㽫ͤ⡣
ھɢϡ
ں棬ϡ
ԱߵʦʶЩͼֽʲôģҶվһڱԹСʦôȥôãһ߲ۼذְʦܼϡ
Сʦ棬ơӦñˣʦܸϽĿڣڵԼҶĹͷҪ˰ȥߴʦܣһﹻĥģڹô
ιιι˵˭أ
ͷմѩ¹պúСʦһǰһ̳ˣԶԶ⣬⻰ʱüȻҳǲڣСʦǰϹĨڣ

ʦЦӭ˳ȥ
Ҷֻͷ
𱡵Ѿͼֽʯߡ֣һ̫ڵӶİСľż˳们£¯ߣɵؽմ̳ȵյơ
÷Ӿ÷յ㾭Եڡ
ƣСľż¾ֱ̳յŵ𱡵ָߣȻ˶á
Ҷֺʦʰȥˣ¹ͺˮϴ̳
һŤͷƯСʦһ֧°ͣһСľż󵹡ȵСľżãּһûһµش¯Ĺյָůĺ졣
¹͵ذͷŤ
̫Ѹ٣ЩŤԼĲ
ԱߵСʦĪݸһв
¹һʹ
ûҲá
вôͻȻ֮Ĵ
Сʦʦ


125 ַ
ҶСƿ໨ɸǡ
ϸκ÷ӾõѾǡôɫ, ݴɼһɫǰӲʢ͸ࡣû̫, һ̧ͷʦʦ۰ͰͶ¯ӱߣ񼸰ûԹ⡣
Ҷ֣
ӵĶ
Сʦ棬쳢
ΪӵܵͳǵõοһһȫҶλռųɵʦǰ, ʢõһݣչɢСʦ档
𱡵Ʊߣòꡣ¹۽ޣһ, һףްƷ, Сž¶멱Եĺ޴ӵţһǻ󲻾ȭȭĸʱȼա

ôô󲻾
¹һ߳ʹǴԼһߣ첲սáֻ̫Сʦ淢, ͬС֮ûءĸ˿, ִʱ, ֻ, ȫˡ
ι

๾ࡣ
ͷ˸
ˣѩİ¹Ӵ˸, ʩʩȻ´̳, ȮԼ, ɲʵôѵصӽӷϴģ

ƨ
Сʦǰ, Ҷֵ׻ǰѲŵǿ˻ȥ
Ҷģղа¹Ӷ֪һȥϻѩһҶִкږǵʱѷɫ˲ֹɡϧôһ㡣
Ӳı𱡵ָף붣죬ôһˣأ
ͺ¿·Եȥˣõȣˣ¹ӰԼʰ¹ڳ֪һīȣһҡһתͷ¹ˣľ߳緶λ̫һĳ̣ʦһһݼ񡣡
𱡵Ƹ±룬һü½ʮһӵı֣
Ҹү֮һ£ɲǵĳ𣿲̫ұ̫ңҲ֪Ǵͽͽͽӷ绪ïһųƺʦ汲ϣ½оݣ룬ʦˡ
˵ţߴ¹ˣ죬Ͻһ
¹ʦܺСʦܣ
ԼʮȫʮСʦôһѾ֮
̫ҵȻʶСʦͬһѾ
ˣȥ棬ҸүҪ̸
½ڼСʮһǸľѹһͷֻбķݣò״סøǣҪNɪжNɪ˸Ҹ¹ɽȥװģ
Ҷ˵㵱ڹŖϱȺŵÿ޵ҿɻǵء
̹鸹̣ȻСʦûҶҲͬСʦһʦʦɽ
ˣ߳¹ʲôҴҵۻˮ鿡һ񻨾µľзŵʯϣСʦ棬㣡
˵꣬ѩʦǡ
Ҷּһߣ½ɧķͷʧ˸ɸɾˡһϣһؿѸ˫磬ֱİͣ죡һѰһѣҳŲסˣ
˵𱡵Ѿס˺
½ץסʱͳСƿǶƵģ˸ɸɾһС˲Ϻ죬˲䱻ϣκڱѹȥ½˿ʮΪ뿿ҩ뿿չɿ죬Ψ̫ȵȼɱһδ壬¾Ҫųڻ

ر汻ҳһδ
ҿүôԴһðѩȵĿ½⧲һ̲סˮš
𱡵ƿصϣ㱻ˣҪСǰǰӷȣǺȸˣ
㶮ʲô½ΪܣС߷ȡ
𱡵쬵Ƴһۡ
½̾ճģǲˮٶһΣ
𱡵ϳ
½һתŪѣŻصͤ¡һ̳𱡵ǰ棬ģĽܣҩȲ֮أ˻׹ǣ̱Ԫ֮ط˱꣬޽ҩõĻľͨݣʮ죬ŰŨɵ衣ү룡
ôǷζ
𱡵ƿ̳ǣ
ãүү´Ҹ̳÷ӣ𻨣ʣζġ½ܵغλë١
ʾͲҪˣ𱡵öԲģ淴׷ࡣ
浱Ӱ
½޿̣İ
ܰ𱡵ƾ;ҩ裬ҵؿһԵ̵³һڻ갵ѪһɫĵزߵѪݲϺ䣬ֿζږǶȥ
½ڳ𱡵ƶʣô
ддд̣дᡭ𱡵ƶҩ̳̿ڣһöҩ裬ζϽ飬½ʮһյˡ´ξͲôȰϧˡ
˭ˣ½޿̣𱡵ƣٺȥұ׼´γζȱһζ䣡
ɰɡ
𱡵ƽմѪӶ̵ۡ
ȼӴǰѪһ˸ɾ
һۼҲû¡
ɣǻãǻã½ૣٹͿԳòˡţм㻹ǵõҩһˣҩȵĻ£Ȼүˣ΢Ъв֪Ϊ˸ҩģҵͷѾһʮһ𣿣һҪϱأ
½̲ס߶߶ѳӡ
ޣ¦ûٱ°ͳ𱡵Ƴӡû뵽ʮһֻأ½Ͳ¦ӵĺ󳾣½½ӡôĶ̫õ֡
ѭǱӦˬ
½ʵʮǰؼ𱡵ƵΡ
ҹֺĸ£µĳ𱡵ͻȻҩȡüأҩȹ½û˲멣԰ָֽѪܣɼ׹ǡ
ʣ
˵ܡ
º½˽ʸף֪ʵʱҲûаա
ʹ۽ޣҹĻȻһ
ǾûҲǵκòɡ
ǣ𱡵ҩ¡
Ϣúܺã̫Ҷ֪
ʱȥͷ£𱡵ƣ˵һ˰деȣԺ̶٣½һΪԼʧȥˡһ˳ȥʮһ˴˹
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ׯڱŷ£ֻҪϷΨԻ֣಻ꡣֲīۼ֪һתû˵ĳɰҧ׷ţȻһ·ײײصħ
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˵䣬ûּ̳УھۣԽ졣
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ΪԶѷİٹׯȻ
Ըֱȥ
һֻ԰õԺ̽סʺ
ٹׯ۾͹ڣ˺ҧɣһһٹ뺡ǡʺͣҪ˺ѷεذȴֻܷ졣
ҵġ
סʺָһһ
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˭Ҳ
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У԰ģӰûתͷһɭѽ̫֡
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Уʹ
һͷһס
ɻƮ䣬Ӱ
𱡵ָףա
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壿
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ٹׯɲǼ䱻Ϊ촷, Ҷ˱񱩺ɨѹʯϡؿѪУ̳ƹâ, ǧݺύ
Х˺Ц
ʯ䣬̳һһ飬ǣƶӶϡʧɱ¾ķɱѪɶܲˣֻмѩꡪ
ǻجҲǵüۡ

ԶԶ½ֻ̫һ׹, ǰδħϯ𱡵ƣȴ㲻ܡ֪ʲôսɬ֮, ʱĽǣһ𱡵ƣСģ
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֧ħѪس׸ɺԣò׵÷˼ҰʵļХ, еıش, еɢ
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·𴩹Զĵط, ܳʱ䴫, նɳƣɬޱ, Ͳţ


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𱡵ɺˮһһ£Ļް
ĺƮ䣬֮ɢɫĹ⳾Ũīĺ䣬ֻһζݣĸԸɶ/ӡ޲ɼͽŴ򿪣ȴС
ɼȻĸԸô˵Ƿ
ΨһĹ鴦
ҡ
𱡵ƫͷЦˡ
۽ǵ㣬Ĺۡ
𱡵İй
ͷڵĳɢ䣬δѩɫĲڵĻ֣游£ֻ¶΢ůָ⡣
壬Լһۻ࣬ǾͰҲŪɡ
ġ


127 ʮָۣ
ҹɫִء
½ӴϢ״̬˳, ۣǲµķ
粻, ѩĹ켣ͺĹ켣صһ𡣰ıʱף˾ʱˣ÷ǵֻ֪ǽİٹׯ̮ˣ֪ԼϤĳǳôһɲѪأɽŵķݵ˵ƣƵĹӴͶѩģһһš
ԶԶ, һſڵ档
½ѩеĵƻ
ʱһӾ͵˻תˡ
иССĽǡСطȻɽ̫Сʦ棬ҳߵҩСӣŵɽٸ, ף˾СӣαװĬĬע̫Сʦʮ֮ס
ҵҡ
̫һ
˵, ǳ壬ر׵Ҫж, ⿴, һƬ財
ôˣ
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, ½ᣬ·¾ʲô, ˵, ϶, 
ɺлش
Ҳɽµĳǳء
ɽ÷Ƿɽ߰ǽ, ųƬ˳ѩˮ۳ɵĺӹǰһϣƻͺһǳ۳ɵĴӣɢ˼䡣򰵵ĵƻԶĵطԶϡ١
ǣɢڰС
ж
ǡɺͷգԺԺǳƣաҲãҲãڴϣõϵǾܰ·յǸʱСϣ⿴ľͲҰǸ߸ߵ͵͵ɽɽһߡ
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鰮ߵģߵġ
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Ĭһᣬ½תصɽŵĳǳϣɣʱͦµġ
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ʮ꣬ɱ˺ܶˣҲɱ˺ܶɱ˺Խ࣬ҾԽãʵ˺ûʲôЩʱ˻Ҫһ㡣İ̫ˣ˵̰̫Թ½ͷԼ֣ˣҾͻú¡һٹׯڲ֪ĵطʮٸǧٹׯԶҲɱ꣬ԶҲ岻ɾ
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ʦǸ߶߶ϼһʵǴʥҴȥġɺеزƤЦˣѩصĹϣյɫ񣬽ྻǷ֮ȥҵģҳɫʥ
½ɴۣ񲻶ɺĳһʱ¶˲ˣѿڶҲ٣㾹ȻǸﲻ˵һ㶼Ůģûܺÿ𣿡
ҩвٺܻӭ⻰÷ȵȻΣĽµľӡ
ĳλݣ¶ɻ޳ʦʱûЩƪ

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ʲôģɺһֵ½Դϣǡʥȴ࣬޸ĸ徻Ⱦӣ𣿣
У½ն㻻Ķǿ
ɺһԲʼϵķ顣
ǵӴ͸ӡ
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ʮǰɺɷ󣬾һ·Լķʽɱ˺̫ˣҷ顣Ŷ΢ʣڲҲ鲻ݣһлպʦϣڷڵġᡱϷҪȡӳƺš
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޾ʦʣԽ˷ڴ󲻵֮٣
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Իǧ
Իɱɡ
Ի
ܣţڽӺȻˡ
Ⱥɮȥͼһİɮڽϣ˫ֺʮǷʩ
ǲ֪ʱķӲɡ
޾ʦ𷨣õǷžأΪ
Цҹ۷Ų徻š
һ죬½ڷߣɹɽŵӶ˸飬ٴҲ˸ҪʼϵʱŲԱһתͷϦ׹Ŀԡ
߳λѪɮ
Ұ׹顣
ʮõȴ/۷ŵʦӴ˾ͳϵһŷ顣ʱ⴮ԽԽӵĵλҲԽԽ˸ҷɡէһ׾Բ󣬸ɰʱÿһӣͻữһá
ۼŲɺн°׹飬ÿʼǣսǸӵ½Ͻɫ
ʥͤͤȾ࣬˲㣬˭һӡ
˵ţƵĵؽŵʯͷøɺУ˸롱ơ
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ôһڣոչ۷ѩие˻Ҳ㶪˸߰˰ˡ
½룬ǽת˻ȻأǷӺ˵ʲôϵ
ңӣǣɺָָԼͷϣ㿴ʲô
ͷ
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˵ͺ¿ǲǾϲĺĺ֪Դ򻰱дүȰסʼͷһֱѴѵصÿ϶Ҫľսһٸ҇Nɪͷ࣬ͷҹ͸ˡ
ɺв֪һ仰ʲôɱһ̯֣ǣ޸ĸѪףǣҵķӣ徻˿ҲǸеķӣǲ²Ź֡
˵ţһ˼ӣѵ㻹ãľһǿ
½
ʵҲ˵úеΪʲôô޲һȭһأ

ɺץ˰ѩʼϴϵѪ
ӵ½ƴϢ󣬾ͣظ˹ɾ·ûüɮǸɱа޵ѪػɽǵĹ÷֮ϲྻƽʱڵˣƵǲɽһδǿķϣ÷űӣȡۡɽ
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ֻܿʼְԼʰʰõȳ𱡵ҵʦ壬˳ɹӴĴɽҪ޵ĳүЦ
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ɺеĶһ¡
Цɣʼ˰ѺֻϹܻһ²ʮʵֹ𱡵ƽģ½ҲʶģȥĸסǶ֪жɭ䣬ɲһΣ½ģ̵Ĺ򣬾Ͳ㱻
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Щʱ䣬һʶȪѰڤ
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ɫͬʱɺй˲ϲϴ·Ű׹ǷվҪɽȥ½һѰס
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Ҳ߹ڤ·֪ϣǰ޷ĸܡ
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ٵһӣ½һӺûжٺ
ɺгĬƬ̣ͷ
ɽϡ
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Ө׵֣糺䡣
޵Ҳ˹ȣ˼ȪұĿü۽ǶЦ⣬㿴ҾǰµǶҾµ޹ҲãħҲν
壬㲻һ˴ţ˵Ӧġ
չһȦһȦӫĹɢ·ָµĺ
ں
ɢĵǻӡڶͫҡҷ𡭡ΪоȼڳһǣڵĳʯȹѵأʯɵӰͶڻ/㣬ůļϡ
Ҫˡ
á
ҲҪһ˴š
á
׵Ķ˫֡
Щļڷӿ򽻴㲻ʵ/𣬼Ȼô޼һôԷֿˣ
˵õġ
𱡵Ц繣Բֲ࣬Լļ
ƭҡ

޻ָںͬʱһһ̣԰ױĶһס͵ذԼĻУʵʵĺΪϸǣ⣬ӣơ
ץסס
ֿˡ
𱡵ͷ
ڰжϿѻĺڷϸС΢ņ̀˫ۣסԼʧõˣ׳Լʶһ˵־룬ǿƣٲ϶ȻӦ
ʮǰ
Ƶڰ֮£ӵסһҵϵ
ʮ
Ļޣ֮أӵס׹ħ
ǳǳǹӣǹڵɭȻаУһ㱡ɴͬʱϡĺڰԼԼƺУһЩڲһ
һλһλѣһһѸۻչҪҳʲô˴ڤ
˫ۺļβԼţɱɢҪȥжϿѰٵߡ
𱡵̧ͷ
ֹ
Ƶǹڴзөһγһ˼ѳӡ
壬ǻؼҡ


128 ƻ
һϨ, ʮһǧһʮңļֻضʱ۳, С¯ľԼá𱡵һһ׮׮ƽϵ䣬˵˵ţȻסĶͷʣ޵ĺ, ޵ĺӣȫҪһߣ壬ôõģ
¹, š
˵ľܽȴֻһ
һ, һȥ
ʦ崹۽ɽľѩϸϸģů䵽, ̺ʯĻ, һְľ, һֿס𱡵Ƶļ硣
Ĵ䵽𱡵Ƶľࡣ
һһ¹ѪҺ̵Ķ, ѭıڿ¶ȣȴΥԵ˿̹Ǻ⡣

ʦ
Ȼج, ֲһ, Ψʼռǵ, ׾ٵѹƹһΪӶѪԡʺѪܵǣʼֻ̰ӵ, 裬ƲľϢ
᲻á
᲻ãĽ
ڡ
𱡵Ƶָһһӷס
Щצ̽ǵ˺ۡʮССȫˣԭΪԼѾ֪޾ô򵥵һڡͺȻ۵ܣ
ĺ¹̫̫Ļ˵
˵˵壬֪֪ȥʮమҲ׵ײɱˡҲǵôʼҲǵôֻǵҩȹҩÿÿ࣬Ҳȣҵûš
˵壬ȥ壬㲻Ҳҽȥֻڰʯվһ
˵壬Ҳؿɣ·ˡ

˵ôࡣ
ȴֻʵʣ
ǰȥһ֧÷ôң
˵õģӽԺһ˴š
ôң
ʦʹü
ңڻجţƴȫҲһѵĳ·޴ķŭ;޴ʹ֯һһѽ𱡵ư֪ʲôʹֻ࣬ʶ˲ؽ׺ݵΪС
ɭɱɨ
īɽˮµķ壬ӱ紵ĿݲݵԶߵĹ÷һϸݣһݳû©һɽһ÷ǣϢ塣
ȷϰȫɱ˻
ʦ°͵ų𱡵Ƶķڳֱ۽ڻУһ˿϶ɲİ¶צɹ˷βͽȦڻ
ǶռҲǱ
𱡵ʦϣȥ
£նɱʦϺѪɫת˲ͳһѪ¡ƾ豾ܣαװ𱡵Ƹѿ󣬺һ޶ģֻǸˮµĻӰ
Ѫº
Ѿ׹Ϊ˶
̧֣ȥ𱡵ƵڼʱֺȻͣ¹£԰׵ָƻӲȥĺɫ𱡵ļγԱȡʦʹ۽ޣָһһ
Ҫջֵʱ򣬳𱡵ץס
侲š

𱡵Ƶͷһһ㺬סָڡʪָָֹֹĹؽڡжϵƣأ/£·ҪһϡɵȾü
𱡵ƫͷһ˿ɵĺתüңһĨϷ۽ĵī
Ūҡ
ᣬϸɰĥ
ŵ
һ̣䡣
˫ֱ۽ůС
𱡵ͷʦԭַԽ//ԣԼǵĶԼִ򿪶/ļĸԸܵ
մ
Ѫ
߳𱡵籣ڵĳûһָɢаƵĲ˿Ѫصһ𣬲֪ʲô䣬ȻƫͷָһƷ磬ȼǵ
ȼ
ɡ
Ҳɻ谵ǰɱıڵأϵɽˮһչһûһжģΨϵѪºͺʡ
һĻ߲ͬĹŻ
ĲͶĳ룬޵ĶǵĶɰŨīġķֽѵѪӵ࣬˺ҧǡ
԰׵Ѫĵ÷
ϣڻһ֬ᣬըһƻ
ٿ
𱡵ڻĺᱻ΢ݵסʺţβ죬ұ޵ǵȡ
üĥβ
ԼǵãﱾһƬ糺죬һƬpչβһӯӯ׹ᡣ
ԼĨģ𱡵ҧŴ϶Цʲôң
һһ棬Ȼȴֻǵ͵͵أ˵ʱĺɢ޽ǣɢա𱡵ĵ׼ʹȻɢһ룬һҲֻܻһζ
ƽϡ
ůѵɢء𱡵Ʋò֣ץסصϸľָƺָ⻮ο̾µľǳǳĿ̺ۣһһľصһ
ǷڹʮҲʶؿ̻ľ֣ϸ
紵
µζ˻ѩѩرߣµĺ÷һ𣬺Ϻ£ӳڱɫС
Ѿˡ
һֻմ˱ֹߣƿȡ¹һбУһǰĺӡƴ䵽У¹⻹Ҫķ֡
ܿأͱϽ˻ްӰС
ָ䣬ָݽƤ⡣
ӡؾļϵָƳеı־
塣
𱡵˫ۻʦĲӣҧסʵʵı򣬽ôһԼ
ǶůץסĸľҪѱ˴˴ʱͳͳֲҪ֮Խǵ
ǣһ޶һ
ʶǵ֪ʲôʱ˳ϸ֣ƹǣ⣬ʧڳ𱡵ηů
սǡ
ҲǷˣҲħˡ
ôԼ׵״һ˵ӡﵽ⣬Ƥ⵽ǣӴ˿ףҲ˼
ʲôϵ
ˣ˭ݵǧꣿ˭ִŵȼ̳һһμһһģˣ˭ԸΪħĵطɱ/ޱȴ᲻ðŪࣿˣͬ˭˵Ŀܸ˭˵ļ尾
һ˵ʱ򣬻ֻһĥ
ҲãҲա
ǷǷǶνһپͺˣʹҲΪһֿ֡
𱡵Լ
öɫУڳӵһöҪһЩϾ͸ɣֱһζͻʹһײţ졣𱡵ҵסíϴ
սϯ
ںҲΪ̣ٽʱ̣𱡵ƽµ۵ʦϡ
һϸСġꡱƽеβ̽Լ
ɿ˫ۡ
𱡵ʪ͸С
סĶ׽סִ֣ٳʱ˿ڡѪֹסˣ˿ҲʧˣֻӨ׵ָһѪһһ㣬ȥ
𱡵ֻǵ˵
ӽԺ󣬲ƭҡ


129 Ұ㡣
ճ, Сѩ
Ӱ뿪ĴͶбչСڴỨ
һƬ䴹׹ڰ, һֻƯָ棬ָⱻճůɫϲŲĿָۣƺҹ˭οס˫󣬽ڴϣ޴رܵسһǵռС
𱡵ſ棬һָͷ붯
ֱ, ֳľᣬ
𱡵ԭţʦԼѡľΪߣ˹Ҳ, ΪṩĴĺ壬ľԵע, ϢϺʦΪøмȫȥˡ
Ҳ֪ԼľӰ죬ǱͲдļ, ʦг𱡵ͷ纷ϰߡ
ݻͷƤ, Ҳǰһ޶
, ɳɳġ
˻˯
ָⲦŪʸŵĴСǺ, ڹҡΡӰ䵽ϣָصһ, 𱡵ƿ۵ڻûĺۼ, ڱԹˡ
һ, ;øϤ
ˣġ

ǖطҹŖҶѩ, йӰҡҷʹĖ֦վȱαװףʦ˵̫Сʦ棬𱻡족˵󣬿ЦҪ
ô£ָպʦ彫һ/𱡵¡
ת󣬷ŵʦǰЦضô۲ˣ
˵ţ𱡵̲סЦЦһ
طʱͷֶҪһ۲ۣôϾͲһ㣿ɼһЩûõĵطСġ
ʦӡ
ڵӡѩϵĺۡ
ڰգڰ׾ļϸѩ΢ĺҲԵĿοǸָָۡ۴Ŀػƹǣ˳»䣬Լ
𱡵ƻ˻󣬼ûлӦҲûʧ
벻ҲûʲôġԶҲ벻ҲûϵԴͷٽһ顣
ֻǡ
ôоɵˣ𱡵ƲһԲʦһۣ̲ס
Ҫ֣Ȼץס
ס֣ͷһẮѩǾ䵽ϣ䵽ЩеָϣɸȻҵӡĳݼѭıԣǻѪܸȴʼտƣѪĿתһֿһ·ϡ
£ߡ
𱡵ƺһͭ
¿̻ɼˣ׹ճŻӣԭֻǰ£½ɢµǾɺδº졣𱡵ƲͷΣյĶ׾䡣ֱ忡Ķ΢΢סļ磬𱡵Ʋƿ
𱡵һֳŰһʳָʦ崽ϡ
ס
ʦڰǰϸϯϣ֪ΪʲôȻܾԼġܾͲʣʦϵȻÿ񱩲Ȼѩ
𱡵ûƿָ
ûֻš
ȻͱôһÿԺԲƵָֹˡ

𱡵Ʋ⣬ʦ崽ñֱһԡ
ˡ
ľȲˣ𱡵ƫƫͷѹЦ⣬ľͲ׼ˡ
ʦ尲̧ס
Ѫ´һڣ¶ʦöɫĹһһ£»һ
˵ľ̫
𱡵ܴʦ۾￴ԼӰӣôһ˲ʦѾ׹ħˡ
ܾǰϽ̳κʱܾ۾ɫѩܵӳӰӡط֮˫ӡһе۾ʼûܷһ˿׹ħĺۼ
ʵϣҲãҲգֻҪڿ۾ʼܹصӳһС
һС
˵
𱡵Ʊ˱ۣȻͷסʦĶͷ
˵Ұ㡣
˵Ұ㡣
ӵ壬̫ŵоˮ
𱡵ûסЦЦЦţһ
ʱȻתˡ
÷ǳ̫űѩճ˰ãѩԭƵɽµĲɽеų˵˵Цһ
紵С
˿䵽ӵļ磬뷢࣬ͷֶͷǼֱǼ⡣
˴֮ľ뼫ָһߡ
˳ָڴ䡣
Ұ㡣
𱡵˵
Ұ㣬羲ѩبŲ
Ұ㣬糤ҹ羲ĬϢ׹䡣
Ұ㡣
ζ
𱡵˵
ƿָս
һ̻ͭͬʱճˣݵˡͭǰ߲ƵĻͭĲõĹ⡣
һǣ̫ź
ѩӯ
ΪͭбˣٸžҪɢ𱡵̧ҪȥȻסˡָʱʦ͵͵˵
Ұ㡣


130 ׷ü
΢ֱָ, סб𱡵ƽʦջ, Ĺϣ۽ͫͶµӰӡ
𣿡
𱡵ƴ۽ޣſָڵ䵽ʦϵĹߣʡ
ʦûлشָֻ
ʵ֪Լո˵ʲôҲֵĺ塣
ֻǱܵ˵ˡ
Ҫǰ˸ˡ
ֻʳѪͶʱ, öݵƽߣѪҲܻð˵ϲ, ˵¶ȣ˵, ˵һеһУˮƽв
ֹ, ĵ
𱡵ϸع۲һ, ְ, ȷϹչûӰ, ŷһ𱡵ƾпľ, ҲпӰ졭֮ǰɽ÷һҹ, ־ƺڤڤӰ, ܴӰǣš
һʱᣬҲ޷϶Ϊ, ׻ᴦʲô״̬
һһɡ
ҵ˾ͺˣʣµܹа취ġ
𱡵롣
סʦļ˵˾䡰ҪȻתʦ屳ʦʶҪƫͷȴֹˡȵ΢糺գ𱡵֣̽ȡ߷ڰϵӡ
һ׺ڷҡҡ׹׹زڳ𱡵ϣ˳ָڷǰͷɢ
ľһһ£ɢͷ
ȴ衣
һᵽβ
׷ü
£סõͷ𱡵Ʒľᣬ߲ϵķȦ󣬴˸ᡣȷóЩС£ʮҲѧһ㡣ô£ȥѧʹҲȫȻ޴֡
ȫԸԸˡ
ξǻҲˡ
˵ţ𱡵ƾӾٶһ£ô
ʱžͱˡ
үүɺе⴫»ûǿԽ˰ɣûԼ½ѹɤӣ¿˳һ죬ɺٴ̧Ҫǻûãƶɮʮһʮһʲô໣
ɽ÷֡
Գ
չգѩδӷҡ

һ
غĵʯͤ
и⣬½žӣһ߶ԹϸϸضԼӢһ߷߷߲ƽؿ飬ûɫǲͺ¿Ϊʲôˤñأⲻ٣
⣬Ҳ֪
𱡵˼멣ػش
Ҫ
½Աߣ۳ȣ¾Ƶӣ߲Ŀ⣬䵭Ƴһ۹ĿĮȻͿһֻûʲô𡭡½ʱۣģʰ
½ʮһȥ˰ɣɺе
ι½˫֣˭ֻ֪Ľգͺ¿˵˵ҲҪסţҪΪҳñÿ⵹˵ùȥ
ͷôһת½
Ҳǣѷ𱡵֣ӵӢʮ˭
G𱡵һüôǵϸµġʮ¼ġ㻹ڵʮһţ

½Ϊ֮һϡ
ɺпЦˡ
⡶ʮ¼Ƿ绨Ů޳λһϱ׫ġеġר¹ӣѡ˲òơͬʱר׫ʣԿ䡰˫ʿٵһһ׼ôʵ꣬ͼ׼ûٴһЩš͵ķιӣеܹɽķ࿯̸¼
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ȺŮ޼ֱдһһСÿˣ˵ʲô֮Ҽʲô½űԹȴ˿лУ𱡵ƻܸǿЦ̫⡣
Զ½ҲĿʦӡ
ħƣޱߡ
ʮϴ½Ҳʶ˲ǿҰͬʮǰһ컻յĴ󶯵ڣδĸħϢʦɭȻҲǣ֮׹ħ϶Ҫȳÿɲ
벻ɺеǵģͻȻɨ÷ǵϢ
ɺɽµʱ͡ϡһ˵ˣò׹ħ󣬳׷ˣүʶ˰ɣ
½ٹׯ龰˵ᡣ
ô˵׻ЩġϾʮǰʲôĶˣЩĶа̫ˣûĸܱǵģ˷Ĳ£ȥһϣһͼɽˡ

½Ƴһ۳𱡵Աߵʦ壬ԼǱɺⲻµͺ¿Ӳˡ
ŵӲе£绨Ů޳ϲҲ
ӣ½΢һ㣬˵£ҶһˣٹׯѾʱѺˡҼһ飬ͨׯŵӵȷ֪飬ڶǧҪħɹʱΪһѪ
˼ĴڲС
׹ĺħط˼䣬ʵҲã״̬ҲãҪܵСѹơյִ˼ʱħʱ̡ʦԭҲˣ𱡵ǰһԼʶϵһȥһڡ
ٹׯħûг⣬ɹĵıϰôһѪѸڣ÷ǳף˾÷֮ǣпܽӡӶԮ½˷ҳһҹᣬǧ˺ô죬ѾҩȷϢˣһˣӦòܴ
ģмׯ߲뵽˹ɱ߻У֪鲻̫࣬Ҳǻûȫ
һȥɺвڵ
ɺеġѶϵȷ㡣
½˺ǼֽɺУȻǰٹׯׯլۡߣʱһɽָ֣һ顣ٹׯĲУȴйģܵһû£ֻЩ鱦Щ󣬺˶Գף˾Ǳϵʧᣬÿ˿٣ָЩŮͶѪ˼ҡֻб¼ף˾ģʮ֮һ
ףʦÿֶʰɣ𱡵˵÷ǵ߻˾ͰѲйһգȥᡣ
ã½ԣͱһ²ɺУͺ¿պȥ
ƶɮлл㰡ɺа̾һ
һ£½ϲӣһ۳𱡵ƣٹׯǱߵĵؿ߳˵⣬е㼱ܵȥ
˵⻰ʱ½еⲻȥ
ϾүհʦһνСʤ»顭ⶼûжء
𱡵û˵ֱɽ
ʦſһɡС
ǱǶ˵ıӰɺ૵Ծ
ȷ½ͷͣʦͷȻû˵㡭Լġ
ʦ嵽׷ûĲɺУ
ӼͬѼ


131 ׹ħ
ٸһλᣡǸû, һչñȴ󹫼𵶵ϣɫв, Ҫжš
ΪԾ
¹šüͷ⻰˵¿ļһһۣĿͶŶҶ֣ʵʦ֣һǸײĲĺܲܡȭͷ΢ٸһЩ
Ҷֱص, ΢΢üҲЩѡ
ǰһϵҹѰٹׯ˵ݺ˶Եòˣ֪ðϿ˸񡭡һͬǱڰٹׯص, ٹ켣ôôɡ˵񾭴һͷ͸ǲͬһ˼䡣
һһ塱, һһǵľˡ
ȻʹʵУ̲֪ܽ˼ˣΪôˡ
ιǸ, ֪ķ, Զǵ̣ׯ˶, ί
ڳ⣡ô󣡾ûܹȴ
ׯׯ, һʥʦţе콾ʦʦǻ, ʲôʱһŵʹ, ʵҲû, ǶǸʦʦǷǵʱ, ðҪ֪
Դ˵ġ
ׯԽ˵ԽؽԼ཭ﱻԩĴɫȥˣһʱίҪжС
ȻׯѾԼӪжǵģһеˡ
Ҷֱ

ʲôʱġ֪
ʦ֣
¹ӣ¶ϸϸݵ̽سҶ֡
Ҷֱص룬ͷͬ⣬ֶϴǸһŵʦʦ㶼ϲ
ϣ
ȵȡҸжׯȻɴۣһŭӣǡҪʲô֪֪ڹ˽ʥˮĹͽܣҴʦ佣Ҵʦֿǧﾵ!ǸҴңͷʦʦ㻹ʦĲǣ
ڵˣ
¹һüҶֲɫؽ˸
֮ôԴһͺ˺ϣʯж⣬ҪǴԼ齻һǴǮһ·ǣ÷ģ˵ؿߡ
ĸˣ°ٹׯؿߵʱ˭Ҳûвڱ٣
˵¹ûвǻпԭҶֶ⻷ȣ̫ҵӵһҲ̶ʮܹΪ̫ϯҲûвͺܴˣ˲òɣⲻŵļһװɵ
Ҷֵüͷ΢ɾһ¡
ڣ˽ʥ
ٹׯ飬Ȼڸ档
¹˵ͷ˼ǣţҳȥСʦ㱨һ
ô˰ɣׯǲ˵ΪԼʦͷסǣʱ󹫼ɫβһڱס£ѵػ˫ۣ֣ˣ֪ͲǼƽˡȣɣǵ޷Ҿʦǰ
¹̵ذԼȭͷҡĴ󹫼ջ
һߴߴһϣͲͷˡ
ʲôׯѣôҴңԣôܴʹġ໣
ľڵļһ
¹ɴ䣬ָһһȭ
ң
ˡ
ȵȡ˲
ˡ
Ҷһţѳֽ¹ڱ
ͷˣ߶߶ļһΪߣһƤⲻ֪Ϊʲôʮֿᡭ½ʯ˳̳ʱһ鼸ǧصĴʯͷУǳ˱չȥ⣬ʲô¶ûС

¹ǿ̫ڳɽĹŮ

ҶǱôô½Ʈ䵽ؿߵķϣͷٹׯûȫһƬݿһۣ̲סüͷү̫ҵѶı²̫аеˣ㿴ҩȣӵĸ»һȥ׼껹Ӷܽ
衭㾻Щ⣬û㣿
𱡵һ䣬ʯ߷ϵĻѩƾշ䵽һߣؿºڵ¶˳
ʯߵص׵ѪѾɾˡ
÷ǵĳף˾Ѫʬȥ˴룬һЩûüߵʬ彻ڸɺԵĳصףŵѪĵļ̳飬дɢľ䡪ǲɺеֱʡ
ҵǸϹŰ壬ϴΪûˣ˵½ҡҡͷһָͻƾðһƺⶫû취Ҳû취׷ӡϸոճֵġ
˵½˶١
ʱֵġ
ʱ
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𱡵ԣʯߣһ֣ʳָڿ黭ƣȻָһ䵽̳ϡ
£ʧˡ
½ҪһͿʧĺûãһһƣȺ裬İԩ곯֡
Ȼɺ֮еתϵİ׹飬͵͵̾˿𱡵ƣⲻǴĵԣҪһ磬𱡵ԹʵҪˣǳ𱡵ƣʦ塣
𱡵ףɫƽ
Ǵĵʲô½ѹеĲʵ
𱡵û˵ֻǲ׿ߵʦ塣
ʦż̧̳ŵֺ֣Ȼֹסָͬĺָ䣬絶С
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𱡵ƽӹʦеֽɡ˵
ʦѪƮҡ䵽̳ġ
һ£ؿѰҵԴһ㣬ӵһ˲䣬ֳ︡ŮӲ԰׵ӣᣬªѪеԩꡣ֪ΪΣЩûйΣͣפ
̣ԴԴϵػ۽ʦ䡣
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Ѫʡ
⡢ǡ
½ɬ
𱡵ڷѩУʹպʦ塣ֱŵɡףָⱻյ͸һȻɵɽͼȻĿ֮ȴɭ޵
ӷ𡣡
ɺ˫ƺʮС
׹ħӰ죬ڵչǰ
һ˾Ĭ
ԼĪĹ򣬼̳вк
ԩ龡ˡ
ʦݳֳһֲ̬Ĳ԰ס
ӵؿڣѪ°ӹѩأһۻѪۡѩ񣬵ѡ
ɺ½й¶ĿɲϢȣˡ
ղʯͤУʦǰûʲôΪ𱡵ƱǲִΪһжûбʦģǰ΢е㲻ͬǸڳ𱡵ߵס
ʱ˿̣֪Լˡ
ӭģʬɽѪԩĶ
Ѫۻࡣ
ɺסϵİ׹飬½Ҳʶĵ
𱡵ǰ
̧֣԰׵ʮָ𱡵ơ
ʩ
ɺ̲סһ
𱡵ûлͷ¶һں
бֽɡ
ȥѩ


132 ѩ÷
ѩɡ档
, ѪϵһĬԵ, ɫ⣬ûʲô֣ӳ𱡵нӹɡʱһСľż׹¡𱡵ƽסľż£䡣
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ת˰Ȧ
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׹ħˣڴʱã˼䣬Ӱ, 걻˼䣬Ρ𱡵˵, ڻܿơ
ƶɮ⼸޳ǣһЩС, , аĿʮǰ˲, ɺջĿ, ֮ǰħӰ죬ڿ, ǲǺ׹ħҲЩϵ
ǡ
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ɺָָԼϵİ׹飺ò
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СɺиɴشӦȻ˸պһ¹ͷ춫ܵģûѽŵװ嶼ĥͺƤ½ʮһҪҪұˣϸЬ˫ƶɮһӵ£
һȥ½û˫Ьһӣҿڡ
½ӼҴҵһӣëë

𱡵Ƽѩеɡϡ
½ջˣһʱҲûʲô£ҪҪȥȾƣ÷˵÷࿰һ𱡵ƻûü𻰣Ҷ־ʹҴҹˡ
Сʦ棬ؿŵһ⡣

ׯΪ²㣬Ե࣬޵һ֣ţμӵȵ˶ʦʦǰˡڼֽܣΪҶǼǮżȻûΪ֪һ·׷˹
½һɺ˵ѶĽһߴ¹͸𱡵ƵľУչʢϵĻ
һ֮£ЩЦ
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վԱߵҶֲһס
ֲЩôͱŵˣȫ⡰޵һ֡Ļʦʦصعʦܵġ
¹Ŀ͸Ƶġ
ǿǺӾ·ǳĳ񻨸Ư²𿪾ȥҲûۿֻ⡰޵һ֡Ļ϶ãһ·Сţɽ
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ֶСʦ洦иķֱ|ۣ
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һȷʵйŹ֣½ѻ˾صϻɫ˽ʥΪͽܺһֱܲһҲûɣڶȴأǰֱƹµĶСΪãȴأͨԴǣΪʿ
˵˭ͽܣ𱡵ƺȻˮ
ԣǸ޵һʥĹˮ½ͷ֪𱡵ôȻȤһǧǰаǰȥնɱģΤѨ򱮾ġ

𱡵΢΢ףɫ糣
ָŪϰ״ƿŵһ֧÷ӳָ⡣
£ӵҲǹ˳ǰȥƱҶֵ˵һ룬ͱ¹ݺšһ£۵۽΢΢鴤
Ҷֻͷ˼ǣ㷢ʲô񾭡
¹׺ݵصһۡ
ɺдɽţ½ׯϵɵ㣬𱡵ƿûʲô¹ȴֵأؾãСʦʹˮʱԼһЩ΢ĲԾ
һ˿ֱݼţڿСʦʱʲôҲоˡ
÷ǵĶôڹ͵õϢˡɺ̧ͷ˰ٹׯйϵ·̽ļħҲǵֱʣ˵ֱӲֵġǡ
ŸڣҪ˭÷һ⣬ԼŰ졣𱡵е÷ӣ죬ϲŭˣҲ⣬Ǿͻȥһڣһǵɽš
𱡵ɿָ⡣
һö÷ӽ
ôһ˲䣬ɺо˵⻰ģ̫Сʦ棬ϤǸ竳𱡵ƣǡ
ʲôʱʲôʱëڿͣһ£ֽϵһīɺȻع񣬵ͷ˵á
𱡵ѾĿת˴⡣
ɽϣƹڡ

Ҳһ򵥵ġԵšھʲôӿ÷ǵֻǰȣҪ̫ࡣ
ǽİٹׯȻûˣûдŰٹׯ۵ֺŮ˼ҲõҲŮˡ̯Ҳõʱʱ˾Ʊ㣬Լİ塣
ѩµ磬ɽĹ÷Ҳ硣
Ǹ
Ѭѩ裬໨÷Ӳټӡѩе²裡
÷÷磬޹
÷һ

תӽĿ죬ѩһһµô÷ǹѩ÷ÿҲһһض÷ǵˣϴ಻ڿջţҪðأȥһصص÷㡣
ĩ֦÷¡
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СѾͷްʯϰҪ÷
һһߴߺȡ
̳÷ƣ÷һ˫̤ѩѥӾͣס
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ѩվһɡ멵ˣɡѹЩͣʯϲСѾͷֻ򵥵վҲԵ˲һ
ࣿ
ɨһ۰ڷľܺʯϵ̳ӡ
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ڿ̳ӣСѾͷͣǼҵİ÷ƱȽңϲԶֻȾθ㻹ڵɣܱ˵ģôһǮ˫£һ𣬷Ȼôһأ̰ܺúȵģƭ㣡
Ǿڼɡ
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ʲôúȣ𱡵ƷȥϵĻѩ
ɽҰ׹÷壬ǧɽѩζȽϵǻζãɰζŨҡ˵ϤģСѾͷָͷҪ˰÷ƣõǴһЩġ÷ô
𱡵ͷͷǵ꣬ŵͷ˵á
÷ǵϲɨѩʱ򣬰仨ռϴɾ󣬷ּ̳Уʱ򣬼ӽһѣͳСǵķζ÷಻þˮҪδδմǵѩԼҼһſԺжڷϼڴףרʢѩ
仨ᱡʱɢ˺ӣ˽ాʱͻѹСȿˣҪʲô÷࣬ףСѾͷȥȡƺ÷ϸ˿ʼࡣ
𱡵Ҫˣڴ÷£æ
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ȷǺܿһ롣
ʢڿĺ𰾺Ө͸ѩͬ÷׺׵һܲɷ֡ůһ룬³÷ǵѰϣˣţҲôһࡣ
𱡵Ҩɫˮھ
Զǰͣ¡
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ɡ


133 Ѿۣ
÷ǳڵľյ, Өˮ顣ȡŴˮľζԶԶĿڶ, һԲһһ멺µ׺࣬գ䡣ֵĸŮһῴһֿǸ֪ΪʲôҲߺ͡
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, ת, ȺƱ, ֹٴ, ûԾȺʲôôԸ, ԸͲ, ˭Ҳܲ, ˵Բ԰ˡ
û˵
ѩԽԽ
ůģ÷յǷҷ, ÷ľҲҵĸոպãһȥܴӷθů͵㡣캮ض͸ĽĴǰ͵ѩèܡ
˭Ҳûڡ
˵ģԹģǷŭģǶ֯ǻģѾʮǰ˵ˡµѾҪѣҲѾҪԣҵֱ룬һѪһҲˡ
á
¾̳ڲ㣬Ⱥһ磬֮ҲҪ⡣ڲ֪һ㣬ŵʲô
ΪʲôԼҪôĮȻǱⶳУҲùΪ޵Թ󱻰Ƥȡ⣬ΪλŹ͵вúðɣ
ΥԾȺһ£һᴦ𵺵Գǰʧ٣нӽ硣ˮİһǰ䣬ܶɴӣܽˮ󡭡ʮ޺޶޻̺ʮҲ
ѩ÷ʹӡϣӰ߲
ƽĿڹӰжš
δʢ
ʮȻΥ˽ɻ̣Ȼܳͽ䡣ЩѾʮ塭ǺţʲôԹǺŵ¡ʿÿÿԿնħ𣿡ǾЩնħԼȥָʮʰ̯ӡ˶١
ҵ͵Цˡ
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ǡ
˵
ҲЦˣϲҲޱ
һϲ֮ȥСѩ⣬ɨͥ⡣ϲҶ⡣ѩ˶⣬׷׸ϲȥ֮⡭ԼԼأ罫Զĸģģ˹÷ǵĺǲ֪ͬʯӳϲѩҥ
Ȼ̳
幧ϲɾǡСꡣ߹ϲˡѾۣ
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ֶ̳ϣ顣
ҴЦһҾأ
ϲ
ϲԸԿա
ϲһͷĿȫǡ
ϲ

ŹʮϲߵءϦϢ
ͬǽܸߣƽչ߳صĻѩںǵ߰˸խϷߵȴʯӣһ˫ֽסԴɸɰͰһŵСӡ
С꣬ǽŵ¹ȥһԡ
Ϊָ׳ĺͷһ̧ţڽŵףɵӽôУû˼
˵ţҪȥǺӵͷ
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ɱ㣡ɱǣɵӵͺ˻ˡ
ϵɱһݸߵĺӾŵغһ
ĺӡ䡱һæҵΧȥק첲ק첲ߵߣͼɵӴϰ¡Ҳ֪ɰͰͣСġɵӡͺݾߵԼԴôȥ˫ʼӥצǶӵĲϡӿеСһԲϡ
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ɵ˫ֲܿƵɿӴڴڵش
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½ҡҡͷҸ˵ĵطɡ

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멺µǰһյһյơ°׹ڵž̳һ̳һ̳عơ̳һһһءСѾͷŵˣµĺŲʣֻǵȾƿȹˣͱ¾ơ
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¾ֺ̳ϥϣؿ
˲ʮ̳Ҳ̳
ԽԽԽԽѡ
޻ãƣϴû
Цˡ
յڰһ١
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ҵؿ
ס, Ѫڴڵӿָ, 䵽ƬֱϡҶסЩѪ緢ʲôƫͷЦʣԭҲѪİ
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ССһ㣬δò
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Сըۣŭ³ССı, Ҫ˹ȥֳܡңңָסۡһͿ, һ߿ޣһظ״㿴㿴Цңǿһֻצ
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˵Ҳ
޲ˡ
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ΪʲôҪȶ֣
ΪʲôҪ֪ĴںڰɱǧˡΪȻˣǾΪ˰
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Ķ
ʲôʲôʲô岻
ֻ֪ȥļǾ͸ȥˣһ̤̤ǵĺϰٴ׷֪Ϊ壬ҲΪΪѡ
ννǡ
µ˵ģǽļڤҲһȥ
ѵѲ
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һʱԼģһʱԼ˼䣬ƻáɻ׹, ľۻࡣĿ޺۵ԶҲ, ˻衣
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Բʲô˵𱡵սָ
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𱡵ͷһط֣ĵȷȷǸѧ˸ס
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Ҫشģ
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ҼˮɣѩδӴɽֿɽ֪ңɴִֿ󽭲ҡ


138 ᲻ң
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㲻Ҫô𱡵쬵ʣʲô
ҡ
еаȻһ͡
캮ѩԽرԽӲԽѶľֻܽݣ󣬱ݲ̫ܽߣֻӵߣڳҹȡů𱡵Ʋûǲؽ˿Ʋصϰףסһݵˣձˡ
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ԭһСԲݡ
첻㣬ٴ֮⣬Ǻĺ磬ѩϯֵطޣٺëձҲԵõԾסͬһˣֻܹձΪ˴ΨһůԴ
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𱡵ƳԵò࣬ްֻ֣ҧߣͻһšʣµİǺ«ʦˡ
ġɽ髡𽬹ζԹˣ𱡵ƿϸǩʾⲻٳˡ
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䣬ʦϢ䣬ڶߣ
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139 ׳
ᵭĻ, 𱡵ƶĤӹϸϸĵһ˵΢֡ĵ, Ϸ⣬γЩǳ졣֪أԼƺ˿ʯͷĽţ˸Ŀӡ
ʦëʹӰ裬߽ࡣ
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, ԼҲЦЦβ΢ʪ, ȴͬ
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ʯü˵ʲô˵ֻҡҡͷԱߵľͷƵפ˰죬Ϣųһ
ǳǳصƶ񤣬ѪҪܿ籲⣬ʺڵļ󹩷أÿܿ类ȡĽΪһѪϳˣǳǳؿɲ
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һƬ죬ӳĺϿչ

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ÿ궬죬ھҪ÷۴ϲΪů͵ĵѴ͵ϰĺ׳ǡ
ðڷͷǰ껨˲Ŵһȡݲ¡
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Сʦһ߿ԣһ߿ʣ̣ûҶʦͬ׷ץˡĲᴳҶʦ֪ˣᱻİɡ
ʧʱ¹˸ۣվν١Ҷʦͬ⣬ܸׯģ˵ˣׯܵΪȹͷˣϻ߾ˡţȥķڵۣȥɺ̲һס
˵ţĥĥ¶һɭɭģɱʮЦ
Сʦ÷Ҳȥ÷ǣ˵ɺ˭Űߣھûʲôöñ̿һ֮ǰظǣʲôı


140 Ⱥ
硪
ׯհ, ͱ͸˵ĿζͷǺ
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Ǳ, ׯԼġ
ݵ΢ʺú, ½Ͳͷ۹һӸô԰ȶڰٹׯšһȥ䵽һ·, Ϊ֪Ū顱ׯ, ֱܴ衣һʱ, ̫, дˡ֮ͽıǩǸ׳ʿͲɡ
һʼԾʳ־, ¹Сʦ޶, һѨ, һžߴж°͹˾ˡֱڷĭɵؿ´ʹ, ¹ͻȻըëһߣһ֣ͽȥˡ
ׯȫͲδֶ⼸ˣһ߱໽Уһ
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ׯеصͷʪůҺ˺մ֡
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һݰͰ͵ĺű
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ԲǱŮͣǽĺȺȥ껹Ҫأôѽ
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Ҳȥ
˸Ůʮ꣬ż򵥵ķ٣ľò񺣳ǵ˼ĺӡ
Ψһ̾ģСۿտյ
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ȺǣȺǱת𱡵߽βһ޷ڷɣ֮ˡ
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½ҧгݣöˡ
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½˾̧ͷׯķĿӦǡ
׳ǡ
˺Ȼڡ
˹ȥʦſڵѩУ޳ָɡźã̧ۿ𱡵ơ
Ҫ𣿡


141 ҹ
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ѩصĹ⡢˫ĹԼѵĹ⽻һ
ŵɼҰˮʳڵӸϤڵӾʱ, չ, ǵļ, ǵķڡ

޵ӽһӶܺ׳, һ߰뱧Թ뿪Ц
Сһֶȫȥˡϣô͵أ
һֻѩɺ̵ջس๣ؽһ󴮽ȥ, ؼ̽Դ, ޱָ
ڵӽ޿κΣаɡ
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ǲ˰ʵǽ궬̫硭
Ǿһ㣬Ӳ˹𣿡
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⣬ʦ㻹ִ
һˮֲĿ龥ɵ˵׳ĸ䣬չɺ׵ĵһϰԵؽʳﵹѩۣɺҲһȳʰȡʳĺʳ٣ƺζҪһЩ
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ǰһ㣬ڵأûȷðȻѲ顣
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ۼ˺ͻ۵ڵϢķȥСʦ¹⡣
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½Ͳɺ־ؿųڱϵĻ棬ҹĻأѽǡ׳ǵ˫


142 ֽɡ
׳, ˫
¹סèõشԭ, ۰Ͱ͵سһֻ־ס͡κζԷҶʦֻ֣̬չһ¸ڼҲƤӣסͳɣǲ͵˼
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Сʦ棬ڵ˵ˡ
𱡵ͣ½Ų
ʦһ÷š
ʱ򵽣𱡵ƺȻЦһǸɡ

ѩڳ¥ԽԽߡ
ĬĶͣڱķУĿӴɰβǵĲëĿľԼʿɡһͷĳľӣͼڵڴѩչ
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ÿһڳľװôĿ˵ر̫أǽӴڵαǬɡоǧͨСҵҲԴ룬ġ
ڣһóô࣬ҲƵ˽ǡ
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Ϊʾľأǰ÷ǵģݵˡ˶ǵһμڴ֮ǰ˵Ĵ˵֪ɲ⣬Ҫ˵η嵹ҲãΪЩһ£
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ׯ˽ͨٹׯٹׯΪԾ֮ìӰٹׯ˽ӷۡɰٹׯ֮ŮΪ檣ܻƽ򡭡ׯ⼸Ϊһһժ彣˫ַá
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⼸񼫣ǣʵ֣ׯմѪĽɫΣǱ˼ǲܡ
΢һ١
⣬һˣ˱ǰϣˮΪɱҵɱѡڴ֮ǰǰźһʱѺѴų֮ڻȫܻأʱ
ׯĻֹס
ֽɡ
ѩ̧ףӡ
Ц
ЦʣʱҴͷô


143 첻
, ѩһ
ׯϵγϿֽȥѩһһվֱ, һᣬȻеĶ˰֡ʱһĬ˺פ֮⣬ֻ³ľԭءׯͷ˿÷ǳš
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ڵĲϲ, ȴȫɾԹ, ׯ, ڱ
šĻѩ䡣
ѩзɡ
ׯȥϵѩһֽ˹Ŀɣ, ²ܴ, ɣ, ⣬Ҳ, ؽɣЦЦУޱڸ̵ĴڣҲԸȻ෴Ĵڡ
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ڵĴڣһлԻرܵαװ˺ìܣҲ˶ļ
һʼһЦ⣬û¶һ˿ֻƽׯ˵ûзҲûп϶һ仰һ仰ЩĻ·Ϣž
޲Ҳ
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ڱаεͷһȽȴţײһȥײΰؼ䣬˾ס죬žפߡ
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פڹźϵشӡԭǣһʹپţָȺƱȡϰٴϿǳصвͿԻ겻֪ʲôʣ붬֮󣬾Ⱥˣȴϳǰ
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ʱһȥԽԽء
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ҲˮʱʮޣǧǰΧĴʯʱеһΪڵӵĳݶ
ᵽ˳ϡеĽǻּ̿ࡣ
һ˿־ľ޴ɽڵĸԣƮȥ̲סʶ૵ôôࣿǺҲˣ˼ɽڵĲôûô¶
һڣͱʦݺһԴ
ƽճڿεʱ򣬾˯Ӷװˮȥ𣿡ʦľ֮ǰô˵ģ֮캮ΪļеϳδƲϣˮʶ㣬ٴڲŭΪ첻֮ءܻΪһ̸𣿡
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첻Ϣ[2]ѩϵ֣ƶǶǲǻҹ֮𣿡
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144 
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ˮѩͳͷΪһ塣
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֪˭ȺһϿУܿǱֵû
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һɽˮĸ֮ǡ
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ѵҲˮһһӿߴ
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Щ񱻷ŭһ٣Щƴ
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ʮǰ׹ΪԶĹ¾ӿޣЩҵȣٻǶࣿǧǻ𣬻ǧ


145 ׷
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146 ׷
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148 
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Сʦһ㶡
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149 һС˰׺
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152 ɽ
ʦջ֡
ȳ𱡵Ƹµķ, ˵Ͳ˼ʲôӡ
Լߵƶ˸, ޴ذͼƽչһ߲ɽӱƽÿһ˶һʮɣϰɵĴ󳱡Щ󳱷ӿ׵ؽߵĳǳظûˡ
ν
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Ҳһ
ƹ⸡
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š
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𱡵ƺķΪƵʮǰ, ֻһû, ɽ, Ǻ, Ƿѩ, ʮ޵һСκ, , ޳ϵĽ塣
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һοǳתγݺӣʦֻо޾ķţ߹ǣײ࡭ˣ׹ħĵʮģļ䡣
׹ħĵļʦԼ˵ʵһֱʣģһ޷جΡ
ºˣȥ䣬Щ޾Ķۻ࣬Ҳ䲻̫ࡣ𱡵ƲЩӴĴ󣬳ڰٹׯħò˯ʱ䣬һֱҲָǣһҲͣЪʦ˳˼ѺûǶӡ
ż
ڳ𱡵ϥǰСߵʱʦҲȻǳʮجΡ
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ֻԼԼϤӺԶԶĵطããôҲ塣
һֱ͸ʶ𱡵ƷԺʼμǵãһԻӣЩԼԼãã
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153 ֱ
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154 ǿѡػ
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һҲˮƣ۲ɢڣһصۣң̤Ьҡе硣һλʮһĵͯСһָʦ˳ϰªףΪţ򣬻ͷǣǳΪ
ժָʦҲǵΪòʿЦСһɲǡ
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ٿ߰ӼҰ̸˰ɣʿʧЦʲô˵ԣԻү֪ԼôȫЩ˵д׫ġţ㲻ʲôǶĲ״ٿЩΪүЩ秵ˡ
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155 ɽ
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ڸ߿ոƬڵ, ᷢһ᾵ɽݺᱼڵĺɵףڶǵĸߴһƬռذĶľ޺, ľĿһϵۡ
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ײͭĿĵ䣬ײˮȺУΪŭ
ֲūޣһλʶӵüͷһ䣬ȥȳζ֮ɱŻôѹ֪Ҫٰա
ѵ𣿡УһλԷԲĵسʵôİ......ͷ·ĳӣصҡҾǺÿ......
㶮ʲôʶӵһɨԶѻѹѱǾֻնɱ
˵ţЦһ
ӢھǿҰ㶪ȥ㻹ǿ
ӢĵһӲҰ˸¡
ʶӵĵӸ߰ط䣬ЦǺøαʥּ͡һڻʲô......˵쵴󻢱ɱʱԷ򡣡
˵Ϊһ¡
һСǣһֻ쵴󻢳ûֻϻϮ·ãһ죬ɱ˳һ˼ҵСӡ󻧵֪ԼĶӱ쵴󻢳˺󣬱ʹ֮ǣרŻؽԻΪӱ
ã쵴󻢱׽סˡ
ϻڼĵط˻̵ϻȥƴöͷײӡϻԽԽر죬͸
Χӱߣ׷׽кá
һλԷ·һĻͬ˵ʳϻıԣⲻĴ
˰ҹϻһϢԷ·أϻҪˣԲ࿴صڴ˯Ͷ֮ģǰŴˡ˭֪һų˼켸ҹϻ˳һھҧԷ
ʱԷȻ˵
ԭҾϻΪԵĲҰ
һ̴Ҳ֪ǳԺ֣֮ǧǰǳϵ֮ʱ㣬˽Զꡣ֮󣬾ūЦ
ʶӵĵ׵䳰ŪӢĵһŲ԰׵ʱǵͨ죬һҲá
ķӦΧһЦоˣʦ֣̫⵨Сˣ˵ȥǧӴˣôžͿ......˭֪նԳٵһ
Цøˡ
ƺҵһй㣬תĿ־ڤڤеĻ̿֡
Ҿ˵ͲñսͣƷ壬һ˼ЦһϻԵԼͷϾ;ϻԷûʲô͸ðȥ
еġ塱ڽ治֮һ
˾Ǳߡ˵ԲһŬ죬ǻ㻹Ͽȥ
ʾĵط˶ʮڴƵĳӣΪ׵һλúסβŮӡߵͣƷ˲ͬĵû˳̸ЦȫĬأؿŵµء
һֱἰΪ׵ĳʦ㣬سɨһۡ
ȥȥ
ͣƷӻ壬֪˭䣬˸ݺһѷӢ
һ£˴񣬶Щϵȥò޵ĳʦָһǵƾվľɢʱ̫ˣ
ˣͣƷʶӵӲӣЦ̫ʢ˰ɣҽ˵ȥִͽȥ˲󣬽ſͼ......ĿͣڳʦԽԽϣô˲ɣ
ʦض
ż䣬طһ
ƶɽȻ䵽ԤõĵطͭչжѻԼ·ڤڤӦʲôҲ֮Ʋ紩ɭ׵ĹյڵȺɽ֮غ
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Ȼ㲻࣬ؿĶԨ
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ೣһͷֻӢŵץëǺǺߡ
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ͣסԸ˵ȥ
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ꡣ
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Уӹ
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ڵĿòɼ
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š
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һУڲòΪ飬Ϊ첻
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ϣȻƿľϻǡ
ľϻ򿪵˲䣬ɫĹâ
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һž޴ģɫԲޱȵ࣬ޱȵ
ɫڵ¶ڿеʱԭ˺ҧײͭȻս룬̲ס̧ס
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Щŭ粢û䵽ɽϡ
һ㵭ģĹչס׵硣
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ԺҶһľҩζŨصķ⣬ͷ㶳
¹ķ
׳Ǵһգˡɹشǧ⣬նؼۡɹؾǵĺס
ȴԲѡ
ͥԺµĺۼ
𣬺̡
۵ִ׳ǵһ̣ǧɢһ̡
Ĺ̫úöǻŮתͷչۣβڷɢ
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ǳªС̰ᣬɱɶ
ǸС
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Ҷ֣Ҷ֣¦ʯ棬סҶֵļ򣬡
Ҷ۾޽࣬
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ҿˡ͵͵ӱ¦ͷҶȵİӰУգªе


156 ̫
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ˡҿˡ
Ҷַ·ʮָϴȥϵĻҳҲ·ʮָԼǣѹͷѵʹ
Ҷ֣Ҷ֣½ʮһ½ʮһĸϽ
ޱңԶģЩ߽˳Ťĺɫ, һһصظǹһأһأһءǹϥ, ǹ򣬸ǹ, ǹͷǹһӡ
꣬ںڰоҵ, 졣

ӵȷ
ܳ
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һſӣʯ, Կֲٶ
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ܳHUƟ
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ԤУԽ
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ѵҲǖǰףʦ𣿣
½һľƿɤӣ¦
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ܳĳͷˣ
ɫа½Ȼŵԭشϸߡ
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µӽɵ˲䣬ɵֲ̿ήȥ
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¼ƷȥؿֱͺҪ濴һ
ҲȷʵϿ
ԴСʦһ˱ɽ̫ھʫѰҵ칤õ񽳣ѾơСʦһѪڵʱСʦʲôʱһԵȥ˱ɽĸΣյĵطǾܼʱҵ
ҹ֡
Сʦ̫ڵʱԽԽ١
ʮٲʵҲǵһδ˵Ұʧǰ̫ڰɽڣȥȥʮȴ޲ãֻ̫ڴš
̫ڴţԶֻ̫ڵСʦ档
ߣǾͰݴʣº㣬ǾͽˮϽ
ʱ̫ڣһµꡣ
һȺֵˡ
򵥵
Դ𱡵һƳǣ̫ҵôԸϣô̸ʱֻʦ治Ҳ޷ıһʵµĺ꣬Ѿһʮ޵ĵӡ
ΨһİοǣСʦȥ̫ڵƣܻʾһµλá
ûжƵϵ
Ѿָм䡣
Сʦټչܡ
ΪˣʱгǸ¼תƼȦ˵ǹȲ壬ʵƨɶûͻ𼱻ǵشϽóѸö˶˵Ժӣɽ軰ĵض
һʮʱ͡
ƹֻʾλãΪǼ߰˰꿼϶ȵĳϣǼÿÿ̫ڣ·ϼȦĳϣƬ̯ʮ޵ĵͼоϴ졣
ҪǡɣʾĳǳĿȽ϶࣬һȺʮа˾ţҪΪСʦ浽ȥĸǳΪ֤Լ˵Ҫطļأ֤ǳʢʲôʲôСʦϲ϶ȥ

޵ƫƼǧ꣬ʱһȥоЩ˴μ¼
ǳԷ˵ÿÿҪ˳ڸµĵǲõصĹΡʷ̫ڲĵ伮״һԾΪֻ
Ϣߣ˲СĲɡ
˵̫ҰĲģҲ˵̫Ҳҵġ
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ÿ쿴ۣ֪Сʦģ͸ǴһСʦֺʲôʲô羰ʲô
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΢ĵͼ
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ɽʯҲɽ񡭡

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һ漴һ
ƹʧĿһṩѪ˳ˣṩѪ˽ӦԼ
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һϵǳ𱡵жϵģһ
ԸСʦ治Ը̫ˣԸŵСʦ档
ҲԸǳʲô顣
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157 粨
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һλӼһЩĳһ, ҪὣȥׯǰˡȻ˵֪Сʦ浽ΪʲôжϵȻ޷ı, ǲ˭
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ϳԭִЩʲô, ¼һ䡰СʦķԸ, ҲӦǡ
, Я, ǰĴ̳صĴһ, ܷͨ, Ѱҵ䡣¼һ۵ľΨ
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Ψ, ǰСӹ塣
Ҷϣǰޡ
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ˮƵĶȣɣϣɽ廷ƣвƵƽͻ޷֮ǣպ֮ǣҰǧİɣ飬ȣʳԷᣬȷʮũ۷塣£ʣ޹ֺƿİϣµҰġ
š
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һ·߹ĵӷ׷׹
¼ע⵽ٷĵڶǨɣ̫ҵӲóǴߴ٣ĴͱֹҪΪɣûзڴϵҳֻøĳɶԴ
ʮڿɣסϰ˵㡣
ֻϰߣʼ͸ŵıŤ˵ɽҰ䵽µľˮʳȻϼѣȴûյڡ
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̫ҵӣǮĲ࣬ŵĲ٣ΪǮ׵˶߽ܵǵգÿ춼ԴĥôӮˡ
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Сʦ氮Ц棬˭ࡣ
ʱ˸竰һͷʵ̫ڵϲѸ档
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СʦڣÿδȣҰ쿪ׯעȥŹһϾ͹ؼܻ⣬ģʲô
ڰᵽ˿ɣ
ֱضǣ÷Ҳڷʱ˲٣ƣҲǰòŷɽƷɵÿˣ򵽡Ⱦƣ뿾⣬ʲô򵥣һʼҲûϰԵڡ
ǣˡ
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ڡ
ˮ죬ƽĽĸһڵСɽСɽܿƶţԭǲɽһֻڵһʯ罣
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ڵޣǽеǳķȮûǨߡ
һפ޵ʮ̬̫ڴδµΪۣѡڸʺĵطҲεǣƣ̫Ǩ³ǳصĳ޷һǨߣڵĽţ˵ͬޣʮûɽߡǴޣһʮΥԼɱŰʳôЩ̫ҳޣ̾ͻ֡
Ψһ̫Ǩģͷձ
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޷С
粨
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ϱס½ǣµͷǰ㻹Ž̡
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ļʮĵĽˮ֮ƽϢ
ɣΪģҰƽҲͲҪôһˡ
ҲΪˣ̫ڵ粨ߣɣϲŲô⡣
֮ļһᶼ̫ãΨͷ֪ΪΣܹǵŽ𱡵ƴʱһˮ廷ΣǺϼʱ֣Ȱ׼ֱɽ嶥ȥ
𱡵̫ڴŵʮ̫꣬ҵӿƵʮꡣ
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ſڣһ첱ӣһ졣
࣬ࡣ
żûͷûԵײϣҲôһ˦һࡣ
Ҳ֪һһ꣬ĸʲô
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÷λ·ߵĽ㡣
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ϸ˴ֵĸŮɷ
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÷˶ҷۡ
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Դһֻڴִ֣һ
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ʳѸټ٣ĸҲԽԽ졣
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ĩˣ̲סҡҡͷЦЩ񣬾Ѿǵһˡɱܿܿζζãã֪޾
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ĿȻԼһ˿ţƬ̣ȴʲôҲ˵
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ϣҹķֽ类ģˣڵĵһִΪֻʣ¿ͱꡣֹڵĺˮλԽԽߣνˮһһصûɽ塣
ɽûˮһƬ
ɽͷƮˮ棬ССһǰδе̡
һӦսĵѾԦԼ뿪š
ʣµĵӶЩ־壬Щ˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ŵĵҲ˶ܹԼȻһΣΪӦڵĽ˽Եһڿնʱ׵Ӧ׳ۡ
ǲֵ֪ҵʲôϲɫġ
Ժͨɣҿľʦɫģÿ
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159 
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ʦ, ȴ߸߾ʱ̡
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멱ǿֱߣӳˮ̶ͷһͭբš
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УͫŮϵ壬̤
̧ףɭȻЦ
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160 ߽
꼱, ɽ׺Ůɬ
ѩ, ͫβȴƬ͸һɱѩĺ⣬һƵѩ۱紵˫˫Զ
ָķ磬Яһɿ̹ǵĺ

ڵĵӻͳģȻôһòδŵŮ, ӭĿɲǳޣϰĶӹŮָʱеǹɿẮǽʵʵش˸¡
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˵ĵĴܹ㵹ˮɣ˵ĵĴںˮа棬ɽڱϣԴĥԼ֮ɱĽ......˵һȴȫ֤˺Ĵǿᡣ
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ڵ˵мλֱ̫ʦչأءǵһۼʦ棬Ҳǵһ֪ɽҹ黯ʦ֮һԭ̫Ǭʦ档
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Զűԭĵڶ


161 컻
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ͷɢ޵ɺ˫ۣ˿ػì״񲣬ɱӰ翴ˣʲôƨɽʲôƨڣȫһǾǲǽ÷ǣǾǣ
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һ棬δʼݣԷֱӿڣټ죺
ӽ֪ڵʲôˣ
롭



162 Ӱ
÷, ɽʯͤ
ɿɵķϡ
̽ṹֱɵԲ, Բһεŷ̵µĳתԲӿ͸ԲУԲڣʯˮԶھۼߵɽȺˮϵɽԭƣӿˮۼ, ִ𣬽ԲתܿһޱȵĴġ˼ͼǰ
̫ʷ̣
칤üһϳʲô
ҹǰ, ɣΪѧġ
硶Ľһ, ౻¢ϣųơ칤֮[1]칤֮ǵ෱ӣϿԷΪ, һĻ, Ǹط, طһ̡, ӽȡһ̲ǲʣǹ, ƵǷ켫, Ȼͨʦܹӵеġഫ, ɣһʮԴ̫ʱ
У̫ʷΪִ̫ơ
һµĺ
ӽɿָ, ͷ亹乣ɫǲ԰ֽΪ˸߰˰ˣ߶̽ʮ޵ĵģǴʱļޡ
ֶΪ̫֮ӡӽ
칤ʱȻ
̫ʮǰҲǽеһ̫ϵ˾٣λ峤ҹʱδ²ӿΧɱǸؿɣڿɣΪ̫ʱЯ޶ӴڣڲһΪ绨ɱ
Ψ䲻
̫᯵Ǳӽߣô̫ӽб㲻Ϊ档
½ӽתأԽҡӽһ䡣
칤΢ףʾԷ顣
½׳ǧɽ󣬱Ǵ˱ѿɣϣΡǰ½δӽ׫Ǳ¼𱡵ƣȴ֮Ӱ
ˣһ÷ǣ˽ӽֶӼڹϣĴ̫УݲӱСġ
ӽ칤أֻһ̫ʷ̵̣ǳһɽĵطͱ÷ʮ޵½ذϳʮ㡣
λ뿴ӽһ䣬һָλĹ㣬Щ̫֮ʱµШλá칤ͷ
˵ֻͨĸ֪ġ
̫ţصШӣíϱӶĻšĹųҲɴ˶ˡָ򣬼ʮϣϣϡ˼ܡȡ⡰ȫָλڰ˼ϵдСš
λ֪첻㣬ˮɡԵɣ
칤˿̣ҡͷҲֻܳĬ
칤ڶ죬ѧޣǵΪ죬ѧһЩʮҪô̯ӣҪЭү½ǣҲͣڵˮ׼֪ЩʶȻ㲻֪ôӺĵ⡣
첻㡱Ժ󣬲ɺ˵ġ
̬ӽֻܼҪĸǽ͡
һָλĵλõľΪķλ뿴ļڵλá
⻹˵һôֱ۵˼ļ
ǰΪɣ¢ϣΪԲأԵùۡңңΪ˼価ͷʿҲܹߡ칤˵ļнΪϤһЩģҲһϳǡʮǰҹ˼ʱֵɽֵزǡΪϳףɽǰ̻ʾϸǣڳء
˿̫ʷ̸תԶ֮رһĿȻ
硣Լץ˵ʲô
ǵġӽףļ˼ĵĽ硣λҿļǰǴġĻ࣬ʴĵؿǸñ࣬ڲڴˣö֮ؽȻ㵹ģҪШԳءШܸλô񷽫縲裬Ұؽ̣Ȼڷš
˵ţӽһ̫ʷ̡
ٴתɳƶʮ޵֮ı䣬һЩ鰼ݴһЩͻĨƽŵĲλҲƶɰʯֹ󣬱ӽָ黭Խ߽ΪШ߽ɣľ
칤ʱȻ
ǰģһþ˼ʮޣ
ס޽һƬĴ½˼У°޻ƷֲШϵļĽǡ롰ШϵɣľһԿɣΪģԽɣľΪϵ㣬ШΪϵƽ!
ƽ⣡
ƽɵ˲䣬תʮ޴ϵĺ˲ѩڣļ֮⣬ӿĺٲܽ½һ硣
¸졣
ǵطԷɻޣǳܿܿ貣ɷģҹ[2]̫֮ţµġ¸졯ƻ
ӽıЯʯ̫ͤʷڷлתɰʯˮɽɢ΢⣬ŨһңԶĻΡ
®̣³ǣ³С
ᡣ
칤˭Ҳû˵ͫӡת̫ʷӡɽ
Ƭ̡
ͳǿɣһֱ֪Щ
ӽҡͷ峤֪
ô֪ģ
ӽЦЦûֱӻش𣬶ǷʣɻǵáľӰΡ
ľľֻϤƺһʱôҲ벻飬۽ɨмķɣľתľʱѿڶӰľ޳̣
ȷ⣬Ҳȷ˻شʮǰԹµֻûбһѻճɷ棬³̵¥żŮҵšȸ̨Ӱк²̤ϣɢ
ȻհУӰ಻䷽вβӰ಻ͬ[3]
ߺͨۡ
ˡ
һգ̰ƿصػʮʣͳôһ⡣ʱ¥ڲ̫ʱɣң౥ʫĲӣȴΨֻг𱡵һ˴⣬Դڹ顶ߺͨ¼
һ¹ϡֽơĹ顣
֪˭֪ںʱݻƹֵɬѶٳγѧͼȴһӦձΪһϼٽ֮ķ軰һʼӦģͲأ
߶ڡ¸족ϣʮʮϾתġ
ɣǡ
ߺͨ¼һ޻̸֮ӽ˵ֱҹֺΪ̫ʱһһ˵˵ʱע⵽ġߺͨ¼ҲʮУ򣬡ӦĹͼ¸졯ɹǿɣΪģڿɣĵľȴӰȻӰȻƲϳ̡
ľȻ
칤е̶һء
ӽסШ
ШҲڱڵλá
ԲطԶϡ
¸족ļƻܹʵ֣λӦԳơϾӺҲӦλںСȻʵϣڵλȴ½ǧɽ
ԭШλãڹźШ硣ź壬ҪШ򡣵ʱɣ𣬳ֹɣѡפź޽ΪսԣШձƣˡ
ӽƶШĹ㡣
⡣
ָδͣ£칤ѾθШӰ죺Բǵһ飬ļШɣƽⱻˣ˼½ʼϲ㡣
ͼߣϵ͡
źˢޣλڶϵ׺б½Ե飬ѡǧѸٹȥԽԽ󡣳֮⣬½ҲڲײУòβһЩںһЩƽԭѹɸɽɣҲʧȥˡӰλá
Բǵˡ
ٴδӸ䣬ӿ˼䣬ʮ˷̡
߾˰ٶʮֵġߺͨ¼ʹɢ䳾ʹ˳ޣֻʣ̫ڳĬӡĻ飬˲мһĵĻĵ
ШȺƣ²ġǡһǣγֱ۵ĺ첻㡯ӽɿ֣ɳ裬ѩһǹޣ첻㣬°ٴ¶̫ͣѸȣֻΪԿʼ޵˾ϰҲϰɱޡమ綬ڵģޡܵģޡˣֻᵮᵮط
˺ĹϵǰδеŤ
һѪСʱĿһ֮ΪȺɱʿźŤĹϵ׳˴˳޵ķչ
ս߾ôˡ
գĹʮص޵ȼ
ҪӸԴϽ޵⣬ֻһ취ǾضШӽШʲôШʲôҪʲôۣӦñҸ
绮ҹգӲӡ
Шʲô
ϾųǵصףѪԻ档ǲ麣ϣƽϢŭĺ
ԹΪѪΪ
˵
̫֮š
񡢵뷲˻޼ʱ׷ļ˷ӱϣӶڻĻޫޫ霣ǿ丸챱·ϡǸʱ򣬿ɣǿɣлСһװ˭Ҳû뿪ҵ䣬ĸԸ򺣡
ΪҶš
·ɣľ£Բܸһʵ֡
Ȼ䣬ˡ
˳𱡵ơ߸ӦóΪΪʲô竣ΪʲôʼշŲ±ļ˷ԡ
Ϊ
ôôôˣµ£
ͣ£λףζԵЩȥģĹѣǵѪܽļͷ
ǰָѳ³ľѣ
̫űļШԼѪΪ񣬼Ե񡢵Լʥ˵ĺΪӽ̧ͷɫޱȲ԰ף죬ҪضШʲô취пܴѪ


163 
칤ɫѾ׳
ǰ, ֪·һеΪ˲˽ͣǲǲ֪, ѪֻὫì򼫶ˣҲǲ֪ѽĶǡǡ෴
ΪǾҪģ
Ҫһ㹻ѪȵսʵָШҪļ룡
Ƿ𣿣ͺ𣬡㲻޳, Լŵӵ𣿣
ӵ÷ڵӵڳ֮ޣ¸ɽɽ£Ŀ޺־塣
ǾΨһܾ޵İ취ӽ˵
һָɽĻѹ, ЦǾ޵İ취
ӽĬ
ɱ֮
ʮǲѪʧ, ɱսݵһУȻһǧǰ, Ψһܹҵ޵ĵ··, ȴִʱ˿, ˼һ
ɽ, ž
һ٣Ȼתͷסӽ۾Щ, ǿɣҲѲϵɡ
绮Ļ
Ȼصǿ, ӽɫ԰ס
ôĲ, ԲʮܹɵġڶоˮƽҲԲШľ巽оͨ, ڽؿߵƤЦⲻЦһǧǰǿɣϣЩ£
ҪƣҪҧгݡ
ɣ䵹ŶأǺ޲ýЩļһȫɱ˵ˡ
칤ڲ׷Щʱ򡣡
ССУ֪֪һתһߵͷȻ͵ػһȭҳ////үĲʱ򣡡
ȭӭӽûܣ׸ѵĴ궯˶˵ʲôȴôҲ˿ڡǰ£һǧڽ챬ɰ׹ǣ񣬰Ѫ𣬰ɱ
ˣΪɣ˵ʲô̫ˡ
̫԰ˡ
顣
ʯͤѷ졣
ϵļ鴤Ťջ֣Ѿָƽ
һǧǰܰݷÿɣӽ˵Ҳϼ¼ף˼Լ϶˽£ʱֵһδҵסҵļûдĻӰʱ֮ģӦþޣ硣
һǧǰ硭ظһ飬ڹˮնɱʯģǿɣ⣿
ʯķ֮طѨӰط磬ҶطʯΪ֮ܣȴ֮ͨ䣬ֻӽ˶٣ûлرܰ飬ڶԣÿɣ죬նɱʯҪࡣ󣬾ֻʣ¿ɣ֪ШԶĻڹˮնɱʯĺǧ꣬ÿ϶ʦޣ˵ʱ֮ļ룬ʵϣ֮أǧ壬Ш֮أһɽϾųǡ
ֲÿɣ߸Ҫ̫ޡڶЩṩ˲ٱӻɣ
ɣ󲻾ãϵҪȨﱻϴò´˲棬ֹɱδֱӲıİ񡣵Чޣڶ޳ƿΪ̫ڷΧڣԹʿɱ»Žֹ
ŶԴҲ¹ʾû̫á
ɱߣΪ͡ŴͽЩˣߡ
ҩȾһɢޡ
Լ̵ֶΣɱ̫һ֧ʮˡҩȵѺʱߺҵǵİ裬ƾʲôҶǿˡδֵͱѾĻ߻ˡʿסˡһʰҩͷɢޡ
Ӣ˲ƽ͡
û˾ʲôˣ
æ͵УȻ½Ⱦơ
ѵ½Сһ̳һ̳ͷյӣȻѽ̳ҡ
̫ͻñǿ/飡ڴ·ϱǹ·Ϊ̫Ϊɣ˼䣡Ϊ£ȫú
գ
á
ꡣ
̳ʯϣľһأӰű¹⡣עطȵ½վһУƹᣬѵòѣò
ȥ͡
߿һ̳ģᵶ
󣬳Ĭٱ
£ҩͽ½ڲ޶ɱ½

Ժûҩʮһɣֻʣ»ΰ룬˶ɵİ½޳
½޳ֻһˣʮ죬϶ѵȴǧǧˡŷİŰɱޣڵļز£ҪհϢ֮õŴ
ǡӽȡһᣬϣҲ鵽Ľ޵İ¼ɣٳȥѹߣĲǨޡ
ϣ½תǷ¼һݣҪ౶
ݲһϵؿ̫ݺͱϵļΪϸ
ʮǰҾѾǰϵͽˣӽ԰׵εĶĹ»ҰһΣͱΣʲôڴնɱʯĵһ̿ʼ޷ͷֻڸШ·ߣ֮Ȼ
ûͶڣô㰲ȫ÷ǣʡ
ҲͶڡӽ칤ȻĿƽش𣬡ǶĴ䱸ֻǼһЩҵƲûдɽӦĹؼ֮һҪШҪʲôﶼǼؼĵط
ᣬؿűӽһԲ
ȷͨ쳹֮ܣ޳֮ϢΪê˼Ĺ룬ӽδġأӽ˵ʱԶԶĳֻǵһû´ӦһЩָê
ûϣҲû϶
ǲӽֱ۾û˿⣬֪÷ǹؼҲ֪Ҳ֪ˣеħ˼˽⣬Ȱϲ٣kǺһ׷õĴڡ
أͳʡ
ǶϤȻµָȻ칤󷨣ҪêٶҲ̫̫ˣڵߣд
ӽȻײ
˭Ҳʱ䣡
˵ʲôûκα飬վʯͤУʮǰվϺϵʫ
ǶϤϤˣûбȿɣϸϤģӽ˫ϥŵأͷصؿڱʯ棬µָǲϤϤµĶǲٿزˣҿԡ
ǡΪ˼価һһ
紵ʯͤӱѩ
ǡ
˵
̫ĩ꣬ϱʹ̫֮󣬰ϱ˼䣬ϣȡ˼ˣĸ£ͽԩᡣʮǰٴαѡ㣬ΪЧʮء
ڿڡ
ʣҪҪ㣿㲻ӦҪʲô㣿÷ǰ˵ǧ˵˼ǧǧ˵
ӽֱعڵϡ
̫ҽ򣬡ѩͷϣҲǿɣ콾٣·ƣֻʣһѹͷձȴǽġΪ֯£Ϊõٵʦĸ縸
ӽ¶ҹĵһ顣
һ԰Ц
ѧɨصͣҵˡ
ʶʲôѿڵֶӡ
ˣӽľȻ̫ݣձ
һȭݺ֪ĥɷӵϡ
ˣ
֪ӽԼ
ӽƺһڵϣڱʱѪҪʱֻ¡һ죬תͷֻܴ÷ǶϽǷȼ𡪡ǰĵط
ʱ䲻ˡ
ӽһ߿ԣһסڱǡ
Ѫָڵϡ
칤γѪҧ˼߰ģ跳ˡãӽͶôһأдһ꣡ȥģһָӽ칤Ҫ군ǵðһԴ
ӻȪ·ϵߣ
ȰգѪظ칤תͳɽȥ
лл
ӽ˵
ûǮϵͷҲأĵ
칤ḫվɽϣĿ̤ɧұĳһһ߳İ
䡣
ıӰʮǰʫصһ
һء


164 ᲻
÷ǳڻ, 
¥񴬵ľظ߸Խӽ޵ٶת
ɫϵ޺ָ·񼸺ֻʣһƬӰ޾ҪǮһǳڵҹ, ÷شóһԲεߣһ״ĳǽǿнӿ⡣
칤ɽʮоɹ֮һ
ʫ󾻳ϾųǵĽͼϣɹضݷ⡣
칤ٸ֮󣬾ͺ͡徻šĲɺ, ֮ԽͼΪԭͣôһܹԿƶݡ
ΪһƶݣʱΪȤΪԵĵ۶ബս롭ľƶ, ӵһܹڶǱʱһľսȰҵ幥޷񼶱ĵ̫õķսӸá
Ȼ, ôһƾĽ¥ǰʱ˿̵÷Ǳɰ
ֻ÷Ǳǰĵ棬֪ʲôʱһѷ졣
ѷ̽һֻֻױ, ץס˵Ľ, طȥڵӲϵ, , ȴֹ޼¡̫ˣӵصѷİ׹ʬ̫ˡ
ôʬ壿멵ɽһ߼Ԧɽ, һ˻ʵ
һڵӡɽһسǽ÷ףʦ, һָѷʬ, ػش𣺡١١ٹׯѪĸʬ
ʲôɽûס
ǣǣǣǱߵЩǰ׶θո˵˵ʬ, ÷ףʦΪȾȺͿ־壬мִˡ
÷ǰٹׯص׵ʯѪرֺħˡѪжѻЩصʬ壬Ͷ͵⼯ᡪʱ֯ʬģλ÷ףʦ
Щʬӡ̫ˡ
ȫŸѪҺɿݵһѻҲ
£аħЩʬ壬ͬŵĸʬ壬һ
ʬߣȻһֱߵƤ¡ӿ񣬸պڸʬߵصĶ
գеʬҲûʲô̫Ӱ졣
Ϊй÷÷ӣʬԽǽߣߵٽҲֻǽתЩбҰһֻҪڳǽ󣬰ĶشʱڰȻȥû֧֣Щʬͻ¼Ϣͷȥ
²һ
÷ǳ⣬Ƶ
˶ﱻüӲޱȵĵر㣬һ߾ʬ嶥ͻѩѭŻѪϢӵص˳
ԭΪ¥񴬳԰Ⱥٴξʧ롣
ǰѾյĳţǱ¥ǿʳѪĵʬǳޡ
֪˭ȺȥģȫˣȫҰһźǰӿǽϣƴʼűĳשһĻҲ˶ڳǽĵķڵӡ
ǰĳʮںˮĽ£ѹѹضԴ˷Խǰ֡
ѹѹȺ
ʮʮ˶ѵصһγǽ£˵ˣ˲ˣ̤ˣһգ۹ѳһС𡪡˵Ѫѹɵӡ
Щȷźӿǽµˣûüߣͱӿ˳ѹ˳ǽϣ㴫ģ˱ֽƬࡣһСֻά侲˱Яţ󺰴ʲôǵûˣǵӰҲܿͱûˡ
̫ϺԼѪ䵽棬ͽ˱
Ѫ˶һ
ôһһ㡣
һֱƳǶ̨Ѫ֮
÷Ǳϣڵɮ˽촽ͶԭѸٵѹħľ䡣Ƿɿ飬Ҫά򶨣ȴɱһĻֽ͸һ˿Ѫɫ
ھΪǵλڴеڤԲСΡ״Уǧ꣬һɮ巨ӣ̽ġԴ󣬸ɮ巨Ϊڤµĵ˺λڴ
Ϊˣɮ巨׫дһԷۣ˻ŵʱһҪƻ£о壬鷸ƣ׹˺಻ԡ
ʡַɷʡ[3]
ɮзת缱꣬촽Ͷֻǿ򶨣ȴѾڲˡ
ɮ巨µġ˺ңģ˼ĺΣ֪Ψǰţǻģ˼˺
İҽһƬɽŵڳǽסӽ
зڵڴˣԩѹûٳʬļ󡣵ЩĵʬȴӲڻ֮Уֽǽ̱оĵɮǡ
ϴߡ塣ϡ[4]
һоĵɮ˴ֲظдڳĵʬ˸棬ҽһסӣȥ
һ£صγǽ˺м䱻ѹʬʬըոϳǽֻüһקңͱֻ佩Ӳ乳ץѪȥ
Ѫɣҽ
Ծ
һλòͲİɮڽ¥񴬵ܼⶥϣһһ⣬һѸٵɨҵıǵش
ɮ˷꼡
˵ǲɺеʦֶ
Ƿڲǰѡһηӡ
ͬɺλʱɡ֮½֪Ѫ¹Ұ׹ǵķȣ꼷ӾԵЩˡΪߣȴδʲô֮١Ҫ֪ɺڲʱ򣬾Ѿ֮ϸޣϴ٣ֲӿ±䡣
һΣкƽٽӷŵӣɽһЭɺ÷ǡһǼзҾġˡδҲЩѷɫһηӵ˼
ɨ·ҵĳ꼷ӵת˱Ļ
ŨصĺģܹصĹӰΣǽΣƺڵȴΪ׵һģħۣһħüͷʱһ
桢β
ŵλϸߵ˵̫İ
ҹδǰƿؿɣӦͼڣŵӵһճΡУϵļͼھβ񡣶Ϊηӣ֪ҪһЩϴеǱϰ
ȻkʮǰгߵǶʮ֮һ
ϰս֮
ݷܾļأkֱӦֻһԻϲԻԻԻŭ⥡
ƺ꼷ӵĿӣβıϰȻһֱ̧ڰץȡʲôkԭȾֹΰ֣ƺ뵱Ϊʱ죬ʱһֱ֣µʱ¶ɭɭ׹ǣɼõķθ
Ѿħˣ
꼷һ
һ̣һ//ǹϰ
Ҽ䣬ֻüסϵӣǹѾᴩ¥µĹǽЯһɿɲɭƿն
ѹ£ֻʣһ㱬꼷ֻԼһɿẮס˹ѣָѾӣҲ޷˿Ӧԡʱʮأ̤˼é®ķһڽĿΡ
˶ʸֱ浱
ͫСüֻʣС㡣
꼷ؿǹҰзŴ󣬽ӽǰһԱȲѷɫնʦ壬ֻʮصİѾȻ޴档
նʦӭս֮ȴ׹ĳħıϰһǹ£
塢ڡʡ
ٰδһһӹߴһ¹ͷġۡ
һⱻ޵øɸɾļͷ꼷ӵշɳӭϱϰĳ//ǹǹ뼦ȹײײΪģըһȦȦεסţһǹһͷɣ˸ԭ·˻ء
ž
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꼷ĵϰڣӲẮޱȵޱһ󺹡ոһ˲䣬ΪԼҪˡһ꼷ӽסվֱ
¥赲󾻹ǽʧ
վֱ꼷һ¡
һɻ󻮹Ժ
Ȼ¥ܹסԱϰΪ׵ħȴδûа취ͻ
Ϊʲôûж֣ΪʲôҪϢش󾻹ǽ⣿
ã꼷ɨѪ׷ɣ˺ĳţȻѿڵʦ壡ڵȣ
ϰ͡ŭ⥡ܹŴеĿ־塢޺ͷŭϮʬѹ£ǧӵ񣬱ѾټޣҪk̫࣬Ŵһеľŭ͹ѻҵȺһȼ
νĪڴˡ
ɽЩ񣬻аħͿΪ˽ͷöƣʱ򣬷
Ƶһħɱô÷Ǳ̶ƵĻʬ
նʦ塣
꼼ææͷ
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ȫûµİԹԵغȾƳ⣬һҲļơ
̰̰¡̰̰̰̰㥡̰ǡ[1]
ѼţĹͷˣһ̳ӸõǡҪɺô̤Լİı
նʦ壬նʦ壡ѣˣ취꼷һƿؽ¥ۣһżغˣ
̰С̰Ϣ̰ѡ̰ʾߡ̰̰á[2]
ɺжĺţ˸ãڱǴðոչȥľҺ
Ȼҧס⣬һһޡ
ۡ
һͷµ꼷ӽűߣͰѸոһȹǶľһµˡ
նʦ壡
꼷ȥɺеľ̳ӡ
ⶼʲôʱˣ
ȣ
á
ɺн̳ӳԼһ꣬һ꼷Ӹ첲ȥббڽ¥վһѽסľ̳̳ڵӣһӡ

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ȺɽƶӰӣ벻ϻյ罻һ𣬾޴޴ĺӰͶھۼϡϢȺм䣬֡ŮIƵѩ۱
ı岻֪ʲôʱֻصϺͽ״˿̶ͣ
ͺĳΣյǰס
ŮIˣб޽ǰ鷢ˮʪһһƵƤϣµШ
ŮIش𣬳ͫ͸ǰδеĺ⣬ШػΪɱ֡
еıŭĻ
֪ǽĺȥʲôˡ

ˡˡˡ
籩ɽƶûѹͳģ޹һ

ѾնɱøɸɾȫѪ͸Ŷԭµڵϲ˴ִѪܡĴһڵɱһŻŵģѪܵģࡪԭڵ൱ĵڶࡣ
࣬ǧࡣ
һڵȺɽѸٵظգƶ
ļŮI˵ˡ
ȷһɱ֣һػШΪɵɱ֡
ڹһǧʮ˷壬ɱʱһǧʮ˷壬һɽʯΪľܲһĵ˼ѹѪࡣбתɽ壬ԷΪУڶ⣬ͬʱγһ״Ľ̡һһɱ֡
ʵֵĹؼǣڲһ
һľ
Щֻһ˿ƹѪķ̫žųһޱǵȺ塣
ΪǼܣɽļǽһһӦôʱڵȺɽͽ趯
ƶШƻĵơ
ֻ˵Ҳ޷ͷԭ
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λʦ֮һȻʡ
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㣡㣡治λʦ淴Ӧ̳һԵĳǺǳ⣬ٽ˵ɱ
ȻΪ벻ıʾˡʦʶǰߴׯĮȻʱһɺһʱ侹Ȼͣ
λʦ棬ׯ·ɣҪ׻һصô˵ţ΢΢ЦЦңڵȱʧľȥˣλʦ͸ոѳ̫Ǭʦ棬رҸ
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ڣֱ̫ʦǾߣλϲڵģôͻƾ磬ٷ곤
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׷庣νϵͣԭѾˮûˡ˿˶ˮСɭֵǣ˷Ұ׷׵ʬ֦Ѿϡˮնۿ
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165 һϮɽ
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ʪ, ˮ˳ɡ, ָڴ۳, µ׵Ķġ
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ĳĿǡ
дֱĺӰɶĻ䵽ʧõĳԣһһңȻĳ
𱡵ʦ壬һὣһյĻɽɽųǰǡӦ˵÷˵Ǿ仰һ飬ڵɽšǰеٶȲ죬߹ĵطĻȴһ˿ߡ
ɽǵĽŲѿһ϶¶Ķ
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ǵͷʪǵ½˭Ҳûȥ˴˵ü۶бģ԰ףΨ֤Էڵĺֱǹľףڤ·صһ
˭Ҳû˵öԷԭصĻ
ǽһеʱ򣬶ԼãҪôһ׹䣬Ҫôһȥڤ벻ܶߣһξ͹
Ⱥһǧٰʮ
ǷǶԹʱݡ

úŭƵ
ڵӲ֪Ӻζֻ֪ڹУԼԦ޺Ȼ˻𣬷·𱻹һѪ//¡¡޹ɽ𶯻һؼ۳һǰδеսŽǡ
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һг׵ߵˡ
ǧϲγɵľڲԣȦѸСɽʯƶһֲСԭȴɽɽ֮䣬֮˿ѾѪɱĽɽתһתںϿһŷ
˺սת˲һǵѪ̣
еģһֻŵʿӣ˿Ѿתְļˮʳ⽴ˡԦˮ츳޾ȺɽСǱϱƽɽѹȣˣһԲεĴӵкؿǵĺӴƤӲľ޻ΧγɵһؼԽսΪĺУɵڶߡ
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ڵɱû֮Կĺ֡Ǳɵһ¡ǾԴĵϮǾǰͶսֵЩʹаħǴĵȫ
İ׵Ļľδ
ʮǰ׹ĵҲδ

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ΪΪ룿Ϊȸ
ʱδ֣һлδ˭Ҫǵһƾ֣˭ͻһ˲Ϣսɴ
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͸ĻڵɽȺϰ
һͷͷ֫׳ĵػصشŴһڵ潦཰һܼܾ޴Ļ//ѸٵװȺһĹìѷɫٵĿɲܵϣƴ
Ȿǧ屻֮ǰһ
ֻΪ̫Ѹ٣ڲִ֮䣬ûüǡ
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ӦѸٵĳµİӰѹ࡭Ѭ޽Ȳҩ//ֳѪ»δɣҲȻɲ
΢롣
һѪҺϷǵ˿䵽档
ˮĻ귵ڵһڵ壬Ҳǡøׯṩһ֮أûɽƷתʱֱӱ顣ˣײһɽ˺ۡ
ضׯ۾·ŭȼա
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ˡ
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ҽɽ壬ɽײϣµɽʯ塣ׯһ䡣ԳԼһײɿݵѪׯ
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ת䣬ǧ⣬ʼɫĮȻ
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֮쳹ء
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ӣܶܶ˴ɽһ·ʱˣҪԣҪ˵ǱԼһǾűѪһ߰ǳЦ
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аѩǺ뷲ǡ
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׹ħ糵Ϣȡչ񷡣µڰѩ׳չ
Ҳɽ࣬Ҳǧ걯ס
Ҳ糤Ҳغͼһݡ
̫һһԲһɽ
Ʒ壬ֱ졣


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һϲ, ֮ȥСѩ, ɨͥ⡣
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, 䳤, ۻԻԣû, ͨʣв
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УһϮѪһľ
ׯӶݵľоѣԥǰָӰһţһաһԳǵļͻǵȻսڰա
绮ȥǧ
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ǧԳ졣
ڵԼһλλڵƤǣնϱصײࡣƬƬѪըһɫȻĿĻ
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ǿվĿǱشꡣ
Ⱥɽˣ߽ɽ棬ͰһƬĸҲһػĺɫ˰̡ɫѪ棬ϴĻƺѪĺһˮֿ
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̼䣬֖ǵĲԲľһ
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׭飬顣
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һưͣ˻ߵغ
ֻоڵ˲䣬ǳ𶯣ǳΧαڣֺϱڣ񻶡

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168 ͬ
Խص֮, Ŀۡ
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169 ̫˷
ʮ޴أǰδеĿֲ
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ļеޡ
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ײ, ܡ
ؿ, ǳܵ, ռԹЦֱԡ
찡
ǿӽǽ߻һ, ľ
֪Լ˼, 
Ψһο, гڣʿ, ͻᱻڳǽ֮⡣ǣܿأһ˿翵ο壬Ҳ˸ɸɾŵĴھڴϵǣֻԼ·ڴ󺣡
ĳͷ߸
ڲ֪˭ıɽĳǳأɽûˡ
ڱĵطƽԭҰϵĳǳأֻú¡һ죬ͿϤĳǺȻһ롪һݴˣһֱ׹ѷȥˡ
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Ѫĺݺӡ
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ҽִǽǽʱ÷Ǳ//ĳд̤ߣİѪ//ѾֶΣǿ//ѹͼɿͳսڵӺɢޣɱˡ
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£ǸƤЦĺУ¶˵ӵζ
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ѪҲֽǮ
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ҲǿԶԼ˵
ⲻҵĴĲѾã۵ڵĿҪͱҪصĴۡ⣬޷߸ھ˼䣬Ϊ˼ĳԶչ
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ǰ򣬺ų
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ڱӽҪУ׼һǳʱڰеġ̫ʷ̡Ȼҵ
µĽԲݣţܡ
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̫ʷ̵ı仯˵ʧȥʱȶġ
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νġƽġƽĲǴĵġġǻҰġġ
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˵䣬ѪӿڱǼ䲻ӿȴ⡣
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˶٣ѳ˶١
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ûõĵվߣ˼ֽŵɫվǰʦʦֻͷЦض˵Сǣ²ѽ
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һλɨЩŻĵӡǶᣬǺܺúܺõĺӡɨΧЩ»ʢĳϡѾᣬѾ̫ҵļ
ЩӣΪصļ
˼о̫Ϊо
쫷Ұѣɽڣʯ顣
ʮڱѣڻʮת˷ѹأǧ֮ءҪһ촷ֲ̫ۡҾžŰʮһ壬ΡȻ
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170 ¹һ
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ɽʯĺ쫷ЯγǧҺɫɵգķɣ, ֮Ұ翪һ֡
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ȺɽˣΣ
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룡

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𣡡
׶Ϊ
֮ܣڴԻҼˣ֪⣬߳棬ˮ𣬹ףɽظ죬̣ȻĬȻسɡ[1]
˺أΪĻ֮һ
Ȼȥ֮⣬ȴܹﵽķףظ췭Ĵ֮
˱ཫܲص伮е֮ΪΡ
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ֻǲɽ˵ģȡĴߣԼһѪΪءߣеԼΪС˶༳ӪӪججתضСᣬĲ̣طľǰȾҪŵûɢɣƾУ
Ψգʮ㸲̫ңΪ˼䶨о
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ǰҲǺޡ
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Ϊ硱Ӷ˫ƺ֯ɳ̫ǧɺѹоڤµķֳȻͣչ˫ʵ͵ִɣˡ
ֻһֱԹۡ
ԹһĽ䱸
ѾɱʮڣϾѪШǲŵţ̫ҡҪʮ㾡ȫµһ̣һ̡
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ڣѪΪˣⱳѣ̫ұ˴˵أôζԷ򵥵ļ仰
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У̫ˣΧĳϿʼһһ𣬴ͭɫ񡣸ؾ͵ˣΨе׳˿δġʲôʦʦǡ
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˼䰡ߣ
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171 ǧƻǧǺ
˼䱻ˡ
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Ƕ˵ǵĸڵϣϵĳǳأˣʢˣƻͳϵǳһ, һǡ˵ʮ޵̫أ̫Ũҹ̫, ʮʮ˵ĵƻգʲô, ֻЩ˿ڵĳǣҫҹա
ʮֻʮǣȵҹĬ
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ҹέϯ
½ҵĶΧһȦǩϹŰĸһԱֱŵе⡣ֳԹĸ׻ˣţҪȸϵǡ
̫ҵģɽģҩȵġ
ʮǶ˵ˣǩĻûֳ꣬һ߻Ŷ䣬Թôô١
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״һƲġ

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ţǱáŶǬǬģԾԨ壬졭Ͼţлڣþţһλľ֮ʦ˫ַñ˵Ⱥף[1]

дĸֽεϣʦһץס˿
ԭˣԭˣԭǡǬԡ
ڡǬԡУһسᵽԻǱԻԻԻԡӡơ
Ҳʮѧϵһǧ⡣
Щ
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ǻģѪܵ˼䡣


172 նħ
ħʧƬ, ӱѾٶʨ
ȼ˴̤֮, ʯһ𣬺ײħ񡣴֮䵽ϣĻƵľħ񶼸еһ˿޷ܵľʹkŭţΧԼϣԺ󱳰γһ޽
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173 Ϻ
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