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ͬԣѵϳۣͬյѧԬһ׵Ϣһǣ֪ȫ׼ʱӭٹ̽ɡдԣ̽ɾܾĳλĹټŮӣΪֻȢŮΪޡ
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һҲڵȣ̽Ԭ۴ǰֻӲһֱ˵Ҫǣǲͬ
⻰Ҳ٣˵ȷͬ
ǻӲռһٽֵӣһĲΣʳΪҰõšû취˭ýǳ𱬵ľ¥˼ҵأ
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ߣΪһ㲻ɣЩæȥ
ͯƹ񣬸ǳЦҪģȻһֱ¡ıְʦѡ
ǰ游ĸĸΪʦѡøĽʦְҵϲʱĻϲȴǽɡ
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Ԭۼ㲻ɻŮ֮Լ
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ȥ꣬Ÿ׵߶ϹŰʦֵĳͷ˽¸Ԭ۲ĿΣ⼯ܴڵ١ȻȥǧŪЩϢǮһ棬ҲҪڼּ
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ڣΪԬۡʦĸ𣬸ջͺãջΪŵĹʵ
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ͯƹٴÿ˸ķţңԬ̽ɶŽˡ
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һյ蹦ȥֹһ㡣˰ʱʵڵȲסˣ¥¥ǸŮСˣΧͯƹ׷ʣʱǰ˵Ԭ̽ˣߣҲߵʳΪˡ㲻ΪסǣѴϢɣ
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һװĸ𣬳תһȦָ󣬱ʹСͯƹ˵ͯƹ«ưͷ˵ˡ󣬼˶ˡǹ䣬׷׿ʼ²Ԭ۵ȥ
Ԭ̽ǴȻʦţؼҰɣ
˷ԣܡʥТ£Ԭ̽̽ˣض
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Ҳڲ¿ܴڵԭ򣬵ˣ˼ƺ֪Ԭ̽ļԺ
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Ԭ˷ڻؼң뿪Ժͷˣ֪ʦţǰԬ˵ڱ𴦶˼꣬ȴδʦţ𶼲֪ġ
ֻ˵Ҳ˽˼ѧ֪ҲܲһĴԺĴԺͷ⼸ֻԺʿԺʳΪ춫࣬ԺĿԸ󡣡
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Ԭ̽ǺֱȥԺԺǰʦӡУԬ̽ȡʦأֻϧԺĴһֱš
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ԭԬ̽˵˼ʦðҾ¥֪ĸţߣȥԺһ̽
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ɽڶĳϱѡԼүоٺ󣬱ΪӶסүδţԬ۱ᵶᰮ
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ɽжԬԺ׼Ժѧӵʾˣ׼ѧ
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ȴһա෴֪Ԭ۸̽ʱжڣжٻϲʦ֣ɽʩɽֻѯʣõʦɽʦְԬԺģգʦҪˣʦҲԣʦϻǺӣҲԡ
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˼ϣɽʲô׵ģѹͷԾȻҵģǾȥͽˣŮˡ
ԼʦˣǸ޵ֳˣֳͽܣ㲻żˡСȷʵһ
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ԼĴԬһ
ôǸԬлңȴǿԼ˸ЦǳǳŸ˱ѵľҲԸ׼
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ɾͱŽƽԼ顣ĵԬʲôԣԼҪżʡ룬ӣԬƽ
ˣԬ죬Ȼû𣡾ͳԸ㶨аˣЦ˵ʲôʲôҶش𡣡
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飬ǿġЩɰĺǿѧ˵Ÿл֮ʱͶԴ˵ѧУʦ̲ĶһģȡĳɼԼŬģǲøлңΪԼ
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ǸӣһԺǰȡ衣ϧûԬ۶ؿŸ𣬿ڣԲ𣡶ʦܺãֻǡ
ԬһֱƺΪɽĸֱʱףʦھʿ֮ǸʦԬ۳Լʦݣȴѳ
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˵꣬ҲϹŵ̽ɣմ˳½ǣתͶȺ
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Ժ֮ʣԬȻ۸ȥķ֣Բ𡣾ܶԲ𣬵ǣ˶ԲҸ㣬ϺԺˡ
ΪҲԹ˲Ͼ



 
ԬӦʣŽȥԬۻЦͬ˵˼仰ֻƾǹǣҲѹ⡣˵Ԭһֱ򡣾ܺӵǴңǲԼͬظһ
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ɽԵû˵̾һο㸸֮飬һỤǽܵġ
۵㣬һֱ֧ŲӼѰҽ㡣ͽôãôԶӵΪӵһŮӣôȥأ
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⼸գһֱٺƣָǸˣһֱԸмУһͺĿϡ
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Ԭۣһ泳šҲҪԲ𡱣һ׹˻
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ŲżȻ¶΢ЦӣĻбԬ۲֪٣ϧƼԼҲ
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ˮ֮ǰ̼ǵø汳

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ףڵ˵꣬Ӽѹֵĵͺ𣺡طͷɣ
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ʦĸֱ׳˵ӼѳһǸףһֳôһôҲǲٸͷˣ;Ҳ룬ôĹңмԼױģӲһܣˣż㣿
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ĲӼᣬСץ˸һ˿۵ø۽Уʦ֣ۣ
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ʳΪˮĿﲻ֪Ҫҳʲôˣĸ𲻻顣
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ʳΪĴúܴ󣬺ԺúСͳӣͯƹסһ䣬һ칫һ˱˱Ǽһխ齣һţǸСõġ
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˵ʱ֯˼·СؿŲӼᣬµҲʦˡ
ĲӼᣬһȤȱȱ
Ҫ̫࣬ʱȴޡ²ܿƾ٣ȴǲܲǰֱ飬Ԭ˺ȴҪһյ롣ڣѾץһˣһֻûȥȻãʦûǲҪԺӺðٿ۲Ϊ
룬˵˽£ԬһֱΪʦ
õīжڣӼ
̫֪߳ˣ
ʮʱݺݴһ٣Ϊ͵顣͵ĽУӱ˳ƺˣν֮Ȥûͱ׷֣һٺô򡣸׵ʱһߴһ֪߳߳ܣһֱģΪ򻵵ƨɻûãױҸ漴Ȼֹ
Ǳ飬Ƕνԣ֪߳ĸ֣ļ䡣
Ӽɫѿˣû˵Լ̳˸̽Ļûʲô˵֮Ҷ⣬Ҳ顣ϣ˵ʦ֣Ϊξʲô䲻ϲĸˣҲмšϲһˣôûûεӣ
ӼƳ͸ˣõԹ籡ǰ㿴ʱ򣬱ȿӻģһҹ飬۵òǶЦⲻʲôУʶ꣬ûӵʱ㲻ޣʦĸƫ㲻ޣ˳Ц㲻ޡΨԬۻգˡ
һֱǿ˵Ĵʦ֣Ȼһ˵ô࣡û뵽ʦֶԼᣬ֮Ϊ𾪣æѸղû˵Ļ˳Ҳ飬ǽ飡ҽ̳ġΪʦҵȤҵ룬ȻҪģô
ԣӼıˣһңԽһӶΪȤΪʦΪ룬˭ţ
ʶԬ۱ţ
ԬţԬһ㶯ʲôأӼŸ˵ȴֱס
ʲô񣡰ϣˣʦôͲأ𼱵ͷйҴʦֳڼĹȥһҽ㣬¶ģˣҪˣǾͲҴʦˡԬ۶˵壬ǣҲϲҲû޸ǲҪ룬˵
ôֱ׵˵ϲԬۣӼῪߡĵǣʦÿˡϲۣյǣҵʦãԬ˺Զˡ
ͻȻ෢۵̫ѨѾ˵ˣʦԾһǷӵģԼ϶ʦΨһһܰæˣ˲ɣ
ǡԺѧ֮գˣԺ֪ˡҽջȥ˰ɡ
˵Ǵңʵֻĸˡ
ϺԺԭаѧӣӼ⣬ʣ㣻ȥǣԬо٣ţǳΪ̽뿪Ժֻʣλλͷŵĵڶͻ̳мҵˣ϶Ǯľ٣ĸػؼңѾ뿪ˡҪģֻλʦ֡
ʦüλ룬ѧԺȥɽûˣӣ͸ʦǵĺͷͼܻݡ
ϣĸƼʣѾͷ㲻ȥߣʲô
ȻҪӵĸĸҲʲôӶҪġǲ뿪ͻ֡Ӽ᲻֪ںιûڣֻÿ˸ĸһۣתˡ
λŻʦ֣غһۣ׷ҡ׺󣬸Ÿĸȥɽɽǰ⣬ĸֶּ󣬵һʸĸùãøˣ
˼䡣
ĸϰѹԼȴô롣Ȼ˵ĻиɽٴεġףǸ˵ҪŮӣűġԼϴˣȻҲŹȴá
ʦĸʦҪȴʦȥһʦ˵
ĸüֶһĨǳ
Ӽʦɽ磬صѧʱ㷢ԭȥߵСʦøʰ
ˣɺˣЦӼͻȻϡӼ޷Բܣʦ˵£ʦǷƼʦÿڡԣһʱ䣬ҽΡ
һʣʦֲȥˣ
Ӽᴹ궼ûҵ⼸ա
ʦ֣ҿԡ
ԼȻ𼸸ͷӼɿش㲻ԡ
԰ܶæ´渵ӣǽ״ԪϺԺȥΨΪŮӣܡ
죬ӣͷˡ
ʱĩͻȻӼҾ󣬵ʦ֣Ҫѧ
˻뿪ȴûǺĩ



ʮ Է
ĩ֮Ҳţ׼ţһȥ¹¶ĸģϽύȨһǮظ֡
ҵĹǣǮҵʱǶĸŮޣʵ˲˼߼۴ӻشҩݣǶĸŮֲٷشáҩӲֵǮҪֲգشÿۣһǧ
Ҳ˵ĸŮÿǶʮӣǽǰȥǧ֮ϡ£ĩ֪ġ
ͬǣΪǲӼᣬӼΪˡ
Ӽ˼£Ǹ£ڹծšĩΪˣδϡ
˺ĩķӦȸķӦΪϦദ֪УӼеƽѱ䡣£Ȼߵȼ£ļҳ𣬱ҽ㣬ҪҪ¡ֱ仯ǻģ˲ģ²ӼҲδ֡
ֻ֪ʦõⱻáԼῴˣΪĩԬ¡ԣɫƽʺĩʦѧԭǣ
ʦ֪ģĸ׺öָҹҲʦ飬Ҳֻ˸š˴ͻȻңҲ֪ĸ׺ùʲôӡѾʮˣżΪȢףҪ䵽µɵӡҾôһãܽࣿ
ĩ˵һͨΪǰǸѧʽȡ߲Ϳˣ
׼һЩѧӣĩȴһֱܾĺ⣬ȴúĩɫʮѿƲѣѲɣںĩøѧûزɣûأӼᶨؿԼ죬ЦʦּҲ˵ˡ
Ӽתȥ˸Ӽ᲻֪̿źĩѧҵɲС£ʦ˲ǡ
δΣʧ֮䣬ĩѷ˶գˣſ¡˵Ρˡһε˵֪ʱ뿪ԺԲסʦҲû취ʵǡ
Ӽɿʦˣʦ˼ңֻǵӵܡʦΪԭԸѧʦ˼һΪϧΪԲסҪߵôУ˵޷ϺԺչǵޣ뿪Լɲ
ܲӼ룬ϣһⶼĸ𣬿ɾûôõĶˣĹĵźĩ
ʱּվ˳
ٴûס磬Ҹ簡
Ӽֱŭ⸵𣺡˵һ֣ȥŮ
ס죬ȴǶݺݵصּּʦ֣Ҫ뿪¡ԭ򣬹ҵ˺󣬴ұ֪ˡ
ӼԺּҵ¹һ飬뵽ĳֿܣЩᣬȴû˵ʲô׺󣬿λʦܡ
֦ҸŴʦֶ顣
ʦ֣ǰգԬ̽ȴǲ˵ߣҲ˵ߣ˵ɵĻ
һθûжּԼԬ̽ĺ£ɲ˶еģʦã
ģǶճţżȻġ
ͣЩڶ˼ҪҴӼ׼һɨЦ
֨ˣȴŹŸĵԬ̽˵ھܵ˾ӵĶݣлԼعԺҲΡ
Ӽʣˣ
Ϊβţıѣ˵Щ
ûסԣģвô
֦ŵǡ
Ӽûü층𣬾Ԭ̽û˵أСʦڷǳ
úõģΪκޣȻޡӼǡžһˣİֱҪɱˡ
ⲻֱӷŭˣֵԡͬأǵһμĲӼᡣ˶ʼĥĻôܰѴʦƽʱЩˣգȻҲˡ£ȴΪ𾪣̲סߴӲӼƿ𣬿ĿİͰ͵˵Ԭ̽˵ʦһΪʦֶԡ
û˵꣬˵ôʦֵֶѪյͣʲô׵ģ˵ڴʦֺСʦϻƣͼǵè塣УּΪ磬ΪؿŲӼᣬʱС׼
Ҳ¶Ů˲ը
˵Լ飬ʦֶԼĶԣԬ۾ͲҸɸɾϺԺ˵˷绨ѩ³ȱѻˡ䳤฾˴ԣеģԬôһĿġ
ܲգ
Ϊգһʱû˵бȡ
ţ롣
һֱƽĲӼᣬİ𣬻˳ƺʦ֮⡣



ʮ ҵ
ҪȲӼŭһ򱶣ǰĲӼᣬֱֽӲֱȴǲͣ˵һμǾģǸµҪȴ־ǿꡣ
ѾŲסˣʦҪиʲôӾûˣջ񣬷ɿվӼǰѱŭĲӼỤ
ŬΣƽڣ˵ʦֱ뿪ϺҲҪôźáʵϣ̽ɺʦ˽ܣܾ뿪ԺϺԺ꣬Ϊβп⣬ź׽ġóЩٲЩ׽Ӱ˵ˡ֪ʦֱôˡ
Ԭۺ;飬ſںȴҲԬۻգƲġֻԼŮûɶȤƲҲ
˵ͲӼûʲôƲ⣬ԬۻȢʦһʵΪԭʵǰĺԬ۵ĿѨΪšĻ䣬˵λʦˣҲЩԥˡ
Ƶ÷ϵЦ֮󣬸Ȼ˵˵ˣҺʹʦ׽ʲôĻڣֱĸͺ
һﾪѧӡ
ǰԼСʦӣĻʲô˽ܣϲܰ˰ֱӶɣ
˶ĵ׸ŸֻбĲӼᡣĻֻ뷣ʦóȥŮ䡣뵽ԼûסȣƵСʦ˷ԣش
Լǿ
ǰĸȴȻתԼĿǹҹǻҪҫֻʣʦ֣ȻʦֺʦֶҪߣᣬŶŶʦҲҪ뿪һΣʦֽεʱҲһոɺã
ӼƤֱ
ұ֤СʦþᰲַΡǲ´ܲ˱⣡ңʦƫ¼ɹʱἰ£ӼһŵѸپܾ֣
תźĩŸĳƺӼԥƬ̣˾ʧ̬ʦˡȻλʦܾ뿪Ҫʦݸǡ
һʦܣݣȴ㻹ǲӼľ
ȵ죬˵Լû˵Ҫ߰Ҫֱ棬˲ӼǸϴ˵㡱İȻӣĿ˼ˡߵĻ˻
߾ߣֲûȥ
ӼǶʰĹȥ˸ɽͺĩȥҸɽУɽϺ޲䣬˶뿪òӼ׼ʦ⡣
ĩ˸ݴ񣬴ŨصıǸӸʦˡ
ɽòӼˣһ󼱾ĿԺ󣬸ɽ˳˳ָָīӼ⣬ȡֽʣɽд֣͸ĩ

ĩգؿͷĿڣӶʦ
Դ򱻸һֱεòСĩīīõʱ䣬䲻ͣȴԬ۵ɣһֱֲʧò΢Ц
ûʻǱ飬ˡ
ӼǼԬ۵ģڸɽ֮Դʦֵݣ˺ĩһֱ˸Ӽ˵ãԼʦûͷţŷŹ
˺ܶλּȶɫͻȻĸãҶˣ衣
û㣬û衣Ĳɵػش
Сʦʲô
ӼͻȻ˸ʲôȻ˵ּ󷽲ŵ⣬²Ӽᣬּ󣬺ЦҴῴɫˣ֧ңͺã˵ô໰ġ緹ˣع⡢ɺã
ּϲԵģʵûʲôòǷرʾõġ
ףˡ
תɲǣϵЦݣ˲䱻ͷ˸һɶ
ӼֱйŹ֣׷ȥѯһȴּסֻּʣʦ֣Ԭ۵Ļ˵һɣ
һǸ⣬һ룬ҪӼ׷𣬻ɨˣλʦѹͬʱĵһֱ̾Ϣһʱʧأô⡣СʦöԼӰ죬ʵ̫ˣñЩʦõġԺʦʦãûһ¡
ּӼ᲻̶֨°Σ׷ʵ˵ұöԴʦ˵ûκ壿
Ӽؿּ
ʦĿĨۡ˴׵һģǰͬеөأԬ۽ϺԺҲȫǶ֮䣬ϹҶʦõĸ飬ûԬ۵Ľ죬ô룬ô˵
ּ̫ˣ
Ӽɫʣʦܣʦ׹ù֮Ůڲˣ
ּû˼̹̹̹ҵãҲҪʦƽܣܲ˽ҼӡأֻǸ˼һĹ³ʱпֻʳģʱпֻѧʡˣʲôܳɹҲˡʦһ£԰ʦ飬Ҳ˺صˡ
˭˵Ҳ˽ģӼ뷴㱻ּĻסģס˿ڡû飬ʦöģʦöԬģԼҲϡ
ȵȡ
ʦգ϶Ԭ⣬ĺѹԼøСӣָƭ֣ȴòӼ֮࣬ǻϲʦòϲԬ۴Ļϲ
ݻϲǳ̵һ˲ּĻѲӼٴδ볾ּ˵ǣʦʶȱһЩҲ֪һЩ¡ˡʦֱԣµĴʦ֣ẦСʦá
ɽоָּ֮˽ӣѶ͵÷СԣּȴȶʦָסԺֻסʱϺԺڡ꣬ͬӼᶼסڸҵˣÿȵĶ
ʱּ󲻷ҹùñԹȴ˵ӵĹøġȻɽȻգǵرӼݣൣһӼᣬǱ֮ͨ͢ˡ
ǽӼͬͨһּѲǵֻּƾӼѧʣȴһμһּ֪ҴʦֵݻȻڳͨ͢ϡ
ѱü޸һܿƾ٣ͨ͢ˣ޸ӰȣּĹ۵㣬ҲԼøúʹʦֵľٶУ˼
ּװ׵رԼ˼㲻ʺá
Ӽɫֻһ˲ָּ˵ʵһնķϣ²ܣһգػҫ
ּͬ㣬ֻЩѾͷһ˵δֻ¸˵һкܶܶࡣӼ᲻Щ˼ƽϣҲЩ˷ϡһˣӼᶨȻβּʦõı磬ôԴ
¾ʦܣⲻ׵ñǰԬۣĸ֪̽
Ԭۣƾʵ˵ּȻ
֦ͦѻ⳶˻ȥҶʦֵ˼ˣ㽫Ầʦáʦ⻰и˼ʦã˼ඣ
ӼᷢԼˡ
ģֹּÿһʦܲŶԡǰôֱӰϣᣬѲλش𶼲ǡ



ʮ ĵ
һú󣬲Ӽ˵Լǰ̬λʦܣ£˵áǲͬƶǶǸĸ˫ȫֵܽþڡңֻʣһ֪Ľ㡣ʦһң˵ҲҵļˡվˣһܸյˡиҪµңŮ鳤Ͼ˼
ʦֵ˼ʦǲͬģôͬʦֻû룿ּܽӼᷴӦֱԼĹ۵㣬ǲŵġ
֦Ҳ˵ͷ
æҲʱ밡ϾҲͬˣֲɵӡŮ£ܲͲô֪Լ䲻ʦãǻġ

֦һע⣬ѺʹܽӴίͰ͵ؿӼᣬӼЩ˼ƿԼˣ㹻ǿ󡣡
ƾ֦񣬲ӼЩʦǵķӣ
ûּؿ֦һۣѵԼ̫ˣˣԼ˵ʦֺǿġԼģû׼˼أΪ룬ǴŹùøżңǽĸ֮
ͬĩֿңȥԬҡԬҪ׼£նڼСˣӭӡµԵʣƫʦҹˣ
ѽյһ˵Ԭɫ㲻á㾫óԹɫοԬۣԬ̽ʧ֮˵ۣңҲ˵ġ
Ԭۿлֺȷϵ˵ҪһΣ
϶ش𣺡˵ˣղֵûͬ⡣
Ԭ۱ϸ˵µʱ龰
䲻֪ʲô⣬ϸһ顣Ԭ۾ȷ˼ϸں󣬲Űο䣬ȥϢ뿪Ԭ븸׵˱֮СˣգպҸɰ˴˰ɡ
ԬҲα壬ֱӦʡ
ԸԬԬۣЩŵתȦ󣬺ȻȣԬȥԺһˣصҡ
ԬһֱڣתЩһŵʶӣۣȥԺȥҪүô
ɽ͵ʧ֮жϣǵִСĶӡʧȥСʦõƽɾûˡ˼ҹ˶ôˣݵǲ̽еʵЩ׽ӰϢ󣬶Ԭ˲Ӱ졣
ԬҲţϽڻڽѶӽлסУЩ
ԬȥԺҪ²͸ԣ֪СԬһ⻰ѣүʿĶӣ㡭
׵ֻǸţʶ̫ЩԬһпһģִ֪ġʥĽʿǲ࣬Ҳǧ֮̽ɣʮλǲֻ۹ٳҲɾġҵʦһλӣҸס
Ԭ̲ģºܿ͵ˣүͳҲûˣûʲô̵ġ
˵Ҷ
ٴ֮ʣԬ¶ãԬ˵ˡ
Ԭţʦõ˽ֵǵҲûʲôˡƽųЩû岻˵ú֪˷׷ָƽֵÿƽԼڵĿǵıQȤͿۣûȤ߿ǡ
Ԭһֱ£ϺԺǸŹȥʦͽϣԬ۲ֹһεʱշһֻҪ𲻳۶ӡ
֪ģֱ£Ǳ㲻Ǹˡ
ǵģһϲʵ˵ϸֱֻ꣬϶Ը˽⡣Խ˽⣬Խ˽⸵ƶϲʲôټϸı죬Ԭ˵ǸŮˣ˺¡
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ҪŸҲǲŵġԬΪԼľûдֻǣҪʲôԵȷ
ϺԺˣ˲Ӽ͸˽⡣
нʿģǸִֵĺĩʩֶΣú뾭ĸ׼ŮżȻ͸¶ضתĻתֽ֮һϺԺûţû⣬㰲ˡ
һֿܡϺԺˣζţҲǺˡôֻܼ£ϺԺŪţϸĳڣ
ڣˣȴģȴǸҪڡ˵ΣͲӼĹ۵һʮҪȥ֦룬Ǹ˵ģҲпԼһֱڹעעϺԺ˵Լ̽Լġ
Ȼڸղţ׼ѡŸֲʲô۶ӵʱ򣬺Ȼһ¡ŮӲ٣ȴǲԼӣ̼ʿԸԼʱһܱ
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ԬŴ⣬׼ȥɽΪɽǸܺõĺ



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Ԭüʣʦк£
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ҲǰʦֱңҲ֮СɽϣԬ۷ɿĻת⣬ҽǸɽһطȥ꣬Ҷ֮
ϺԺùķˣּͬʱһ뵽ҪЩˣθͿʼˡδ÷Ҹ
֦δظ͵ͷ
Ӽ˵˾乫ʦڣķࡣ
ԼùĸǡŴԣֱߵĲӼǰ룺ʦ֣ʳ
ûӼʳӼҲ⣬ڽԵҪʱ̡ʦܱĿУӼֵضԸʦлֱ˵
ҧűݣ𰡣˼ڽҴʦֵĶ̣ϾһСʦá
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һ۵вּ󣺡
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ڲȥҵǾ֪һ䣬Ҳһ֪ǿ
Ӽףһ뿪á
ϺԺطǣӼ˵صڿյҰõĲݳýͷ󣬶վӼȵʦĸԬҪȢ£֪֮١
ֻûػ£ҼǵãʼͬԬ˽֮ʣҲãҲգû˵ңʦֹҲݺݵطҺüΣܵŮ䡣ԼĪһǱû˵ңҲûˡһΪǱַˡ
Ӽ֣ǡ
»£ؾһ𣬿Ӽᣬʵ
ŲӼĸ˫ӳȫǲӼᣬֻвӼᡣӼᣬƲסݣʱشûôԥ³Եɣʦ˵ӵ£Ҳعˡ
ҵΪͻȻô˵ԴʦֵӣʱضͰԭŪˡ
Ȼ˵УȫΡӼ޷ϣԸϣˣˣԣϣ˵ԭ
Ϊ˱ܿ׷ʣӼѵƿԼߡȴģĿ׷ʣǲԬۺͬҵ˵ʲôʵ˵;ҵѪ̫ЩʦֵĻ󣬷ףڱʲôֽţ
˵󣬸һ˿ݣǱ˪еˣԶ
µ߰˰ˣɱףӼɬǺ壬ǾƺԡԬۣʦСʦü޸ѣʦͬȷϣˡ
쵰
ӡ֤룬̲סֿڡ
֮ǰƲԬۣ֪˽Ĳ٣ԼҲ˽ʱԣԬΪһ˽ѳȻǹԼԼϹˣŴˣԼԸղ㣬˸ס

ǰβ˵ʮѾǣȴܵС̻ģԬۼΥԼ˽ضԼڸеλáʣĸ۰׵ŮŮƽĶԴԬ֪˿ô󵼣˵ᡪɱġ
ⲻ˽Ʒ⣬
ڶϽǣԺ֮˳𲻱Ϊӣ
ԺɽԬ۵ĻٴθпΪα˼ҵĶŮôأȻϺԺң治롣䲻ǺţҲҪ֪ʮǰǺͯʱֵ˫ˣҲһ羰ߡ
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֮⣬ʱ
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ϣԭ΢泩ôһĸɽϣС
ĸʣͲˣССöû˵ô㣡
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ҪӼڣƾʮ㿪ʼ£֪վΪˡǸңʲ𡣡
ĸʱʧһĵү˵ǣҸ߼ҪԿġ
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ﲻһأּҲü˼ú󣬵ôǰù֣ȴҲΪãڣǷùˣٹĺˡô˵Щ֣ľо
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ּΪģ̷˻Ӷʮö׼Щ˼ܳԵķ˰ɡ
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ϺԺԺһȼǰûκͻȻô˵ûè壬ǲŵģԺϵģԬ۲롣
ԬۣҪԼĳϣ
Цĵ޶־ԽǲҷɣƫҪɣҪɵñ㻹ߣ



ڶʮ 
ĸĸ͵ѧԺſڡţĸƿԺţؽȥҪǸҲ뿪㣬֦ҪѶҲߡ֦ѵŬ֮ʣĸ죬Ѱ˴׵Ļ˵˳
ӼһԴ㵵ʦ̣Ҵʦʴһ䣬µ棿
ӽҵ֮һϣȷд¡
ĸȥ֦˼ҹŮܼ޸㣬㻹Ҽȥȥ飿Ҳ㶼ˣɼҵɼȣ
֦Ȼʦ˼Լõ̫ˣӼԭӲˡ
ɽҲ֪طӦҹŮǱҺǼҶˡ˵ҹŮðĸϲü޹Ůء
ѡԼͽ֦϶УǼҸ̫ˡ˽⣬ɽʿ֪ġԼֻǸĩ˵ľˣû᲻еడԼǲǵٺú飬ȡʿøŮ
ȻᣬǡҹŮǱܼޡֹ۵㣬һ̶ûڸɽɼңͦġ
֦ĸ׵קʦֵۡʦɵЦУհԸɽʦʲôͣѧһΡ⼸꣬лʦʦĸʦ÷ϣҸճʦ
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Сӣ͵ܳȥˣܣʦ䰮ڣʻǺܹɵġԳţ򲻵ѣ㲻Լš
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ʰòиˣϴ·ȥҵܵܺʦ֣ûˡһȦûҵˡãʯԺȵеԺſӼᣬԹʦȥˣҵĺ࣡
ŸίСģӼһԲ磬ֻƴѹżʣң£
ʰڲˣһ͵˵Ժ£ȫȨ𣬺òã
峺ǰ˵ǿģ˲ӼСʱвǰһδߵĲӼᣬȫʧȥ˼ȸԾ˹ӣ˵šʦ̫ˡ֮ʣʶ˵˸á
ά˲ӼƬ̺ɫʦ֣Һ۹ⲻ̫áԺҪҡ
Ӽ᲻⣬ɻءšͣҸұ֤ףԬ۵ֱʡĿģӦҵĳҵôΪãΪǸ˲أ
Ԭۣ󣬲Ӽ۲Ը⸵ű˵ˡ˼˿֪ڼ߶ʦ֣֪ʦҪ¶飬Ż˵ȥΡԣԬҲҪŪߣǣˣ
Ӽͬȷʵˣ
ʦҲôΪ̫ˣˡ
Ӽ¶ԬϵȷʵˣôҪԬ˷㣿߿Լ̫ԬۣԬҺôǶ˼ңԬ۵游Ǹˣ˼ĺӣڴˣ
һ⳰ĻͲĻſھʵϣΨ˼ңó˼ôĺӣǼǰ㣬ֻʦ־ҺÿֳĹֱꡣ
ϲ㲻֪ϲ㶼֪ӼְգĻѿڶƳ⣬Ϊβܿ



ڶʮһ 
Ҵʦ˵£ʦȴܶϸ֦ĩڲţøͷۡΪ֦ôһϲԼԼͱܿҪˣȥԬ۶飬ҪΪӣ
ǳЦŲӼᣬû˳ݣֻоǿ
ƽͰˣ£֪ĸ³֮⣬ûбĲվϣʦȴ˵վ˲šԸ¶һǼڵĺˣҲҪ¶ţȲӼȥⲻŹأһصǣ¶Լצӣ԰ȫĲȴΨһѡ
µľߣһʲӼ᣺ҵض˵ҵ£ʦְȥǣǣҲˣҪӣɺã
롣
ǺһЦдʦΪˣҴˡ
ϴǹŹ֣Ӽֱã벻ͨüʵˣںδ
ٿأЦȻȫǽʣʦ֪
ģӼ˵֪ġ֮䣬뵽ʦ̽Ԭ۵¡뵽ʦǰƭԼ¡δٴϵƭӼỻ˸˼·ѡ
š
ΪҪأ
»תõĲӼᣬ׻ǽиƭˡεؿ˿죬Լ⣬ʸ𣺡˵˵㶼ô̵Ԭۣ
ЦʱЩˣȥ緹
Ӽ̧ͷͷûҲ֪»ý緹һʱʦģǲԼ˵ˡǣΪΣûоܾʦõ󰡣
˵󣬸ȲӼףֱˡ
Ӽֻš
ʦĸʦʦܵ׵̵ܵܽɲΪ˱𸵼ҵ֮ʦܶڼңʦ죬ҲΪʦġ
ռϷ壬Ӽ׷ϸԹӣҲҪȸΪ
ԭ׷Щڵĸ⻰һۺȥʣʦϻۣ治֪
ϻֲɣ֪˼£Ӽüͷ𣺡ȷʵ֪
鲻αȻƬ̣ϸϸҴʦְ£һ˵ҪҼ޳ȥҲǲޣʮ˵ڶҪʦ˵ǣӣʹӽԺʼģһװʾˡ£ʦֻв׵ô
ûС
ӼڷɿػشȸԾʮ꣬ˣԼʱ䣬ܺá
ҵȷü޵£ʦôشģ룬ǣ
ǡԺȥʦʦĸҪģʦӵ¡ӼʶԼ»Ϊһ̸󣬼æĿڡ
ȴɺҲδӦʣһ׮£ԸеǷӽҴʦְæΪʦ±ȫˡѵӣʦֻ˵롣ʦʮһӣˣҵĺӶܴˣ
Ǿ䣬µòӼѪˡ̧֣ϸੲݣʦҰѻ˵ꡣӦұҽ㣬ƾ٣ʦӣ¶Ҫʱ䣬һûȥƽ⡣
仰Ϣ̫࣬¶ʵľȡ
ʦֲӦôԶˣȵǣʦҪμӿƾ٣ҪѧԬۣſôʦֵ£׼ʣ֪ɡ룬ɫʲӼ᣺Ҳ˵ʦѾϿˣ
ҼԬһ棬ٸ𰸡㣬ҪӦе¶ҵķɡ
ûвӦġ
Ū¥ӼҲôҪġ¥ŪûʦʲôˡţԺҲʱҸͺãʦ˳ǣǡ
ʦҪԬʲô
Һ˽⣬Ҳ˽ϺԺ˽ı㡣ڰΪ˵ȥ֤Ӽشͬʱ˵ԼҸԭ
ʦǽĴʦ֣Ȼʼϲ˵Ԭ۵¡˵Ӷˣ
ʦ֣ȥ
ػҡ˵ţӼȥ֡
ԶҳɲӼ֮ʣĸΪнó̫̫ԭæģǸһĺӣӹ̨ԹĲӼᣬʸЩϸڣæҵذﵹæɵظá
ʦӵй֮ͬȴΪҪԬۣ˵ܽᣬȻʱڼͷԬѧ֮󣬾Լ˷ܽᣬҺ˶ԡò˵Ҳ츳ãһ̲
ûĵطʦɷ羰ԬۣԬۣӼ᲻ʸ𣺡ôɫģ
ժ˵ĲӼᣬŹֵЦЦӼᾯֱӣʣô
ƿߣŹʲô˵˴ʦֲҪŶ
ѾЩˣӼȴᡰšֻҼܶˣ޸ССʱ򣬴ʦһڳæʱһдʦķͺء



ڶʮ ޹غ
ʦСʱ޸Լ֪òӼԼ˭ԼʲôˣҪʲô˶µġ
ӼǱ⾪ѡ
ӲˮùʦãӼûѵʦõƤĨȥˮ飬ܿߣҪ
ȴǰͲøٶ˵䡣
Ը˵䣬ȴʲôû˵ˣʦֲҪСʱ򲻶µ뷨ûôˡ
Ҳ˵ǰԼʦϲ㲻ϲˣڣǲҪҸ뿪
С
£ʼգΪʦòϲ뵽⣬ӼĪŭѸ𣺡˲ǶϷ֮ԣڶѧӳʮܱסԺšȻǣǾҪǸ𡣱ǲΪӣҲҪһա
ҧŴһĸ֣Ӽס˻β
ȢãǸԭ򡣾ڷţ£ܵ¡
ѧ˶̸˵ȴȫͬһԣѶѼ磬һʼǣһǸоʶΪʶģһֱûзֿǸӵѣͬͬѧͬѧĬĬעֱ꣬ҵ󣬺һУſڱס
Ҳ˵ÿкӣǲͬġ
ʦǸŰ壬ȴִˡԼǷϲԬ£һֱţִù֡ټϣŴʦΪʦֵ£ƵһŵĴڡ
˵̽һ
̽Ľֲˡʦ־ȻϲԼǺ֡
Ȼͷ
û˵ٻڴʦʮ꣬ľü޸ˣõġ꾡ţô峺һȴǼᶨغ˳̻Ϣ껰࣬ȴܺãԼԸ£һԲؽӹȥԼû뵽£뵽ģֱˡ
һеĸı䣬ǴӴʦƹܸҼ¿ʼ
ʦֻӦ꣬ӹƹ˸ҵĲȨԼ£ȫһˣ͸ĸ̸ãǿƼҡǣŲӼˣֱˣ
˵˸ĸǱԼ
¥Ժ𼫾ܵšÿһ£ʦֶв룬ȴֻǲ˿ʼȥæԼ¡ˣ֪ҵ˹ʺˣҴʦĺֶΣҶԸҡԼûлġ
ǿƵĴʦ֣û˴ǰİ˳ֻʣ·ˣǶԸĹԽԽࡣ
ֲвϲһԼȦˣ־ͬϵĶʦֱԹʦ˵ԼҴ£ֱʹʦһģһ
֪ʱµֳøǲһġ
һҲУóԸøһףڲӼǰԵÿԣ⼸꣬ŰѲӼᵱ硣

ʦϲԼ
ôˣʦ֪ϲԼôܴʦֻ֪֪֪ܵ
׿ĵ֤ʦַģϣҶһաţҼ˵Ԭ۰ɡƷβ˵ܼٸӣʦԼ¡ͬĻͬķҶʦֶ˵ֻһȥôˡ
˵ķûô˵ޣӼȴѴ۽硣
ȥ꣬ԼȻΪĳЩСһˡǰΪʦʧأҪ⡣
ȥǰ취
ʱ˵̲̣˵ֺܲáȥӸ̻ؼҳԷʱӼվڳżϣȻʦá
ջȱ̧ǺˮĶͷɻؿŲӼᣬġ
ӼʦýҪ޵ˣܱҲ
ɫ
ܱһ£ʦ֣֪ԼⰡǣܴʦվֳǱʲôǶȣֱΪᰡ
Щ˵ܱȴʦֲôʦԣǼ޲ȥඡ
ҾãӼʵ
ӵضһۣ޹غǴʦ۸ڶûۡǣʦ֣ǰ˵ҲԸһ׮£ѡԣ㶮ô
ʲô
Ҫ޸˭޸ʲôˣ˵㣡˵ֽ꣬ͣԼʲôģҵĲС
ԣӼ죬ĲҪҪǣ˵лס㵽µ
˵꣬תȥ¸һ
ӼŸָ̻飺ҳԹˣԱ㡣
⼸򵥵֣ȻϵãʲӼ᣺ҽˣ˭ˣ
Ӽῴûôķˣû˵ʦù緹ȥѧԺʦҪ¡



ڶʮ ޹鰮
Ӽʦżɽʦʦĸң
ɽͽܣҪأȿȣȿȣ׮£ô
ӼΣͽ˵ֻЩǣϺԺԺСʦ⼸ǳţ͵ġͯƹֻû֪Ůǲ죬ûСʦãΪͻҪСʦأ
ڻϲеĸɽ͸ĸ˳ͽܻϸĥһĸɵĹŹŮĸɽɿ˵Ӽ֮
ӼüĿһɡ
ԽʦʦԺĹȨǴʦ仰ʼġʦϿɺʦĸҲ֮ϿɡƶӼῴĸ
ж׮£ɽŵؿĸΪżһԡĸһˮһߵúõģ㼱ʲôӼᶼ϶£֪ܲ
ɽε˵˸û֨ˡ
ĸ̾ϢûôŹŮĵɣӼսǣȥҵ¡⺢⣬Ǳ»ûʼ̸ܾްҲðʦġ
ǣʦĸ
ϲӼ⣬Ӧŵļ乧øĸ⣬Щʧ䡣ǣԼ˸úӣʧǣõĺӣͲԼҵأ
ҪţȥС̵ĹΣù󣬱ͻɡ
ǣʦĸ
ӼȥԼԺӣ˯ü죬ȥ˳ʰЩˣȥ֡ǣڷܱʼĸ𣬴Ӵ˹ȥǲӼᣬ治뿪š
ӼᲶ׽ߺ󣬵Һʦ̸ˡ
ֻö±ʣţͬʱʣҵô˵ʴˣصǣô˵
Ӽ᲻𣬰ʳзŵµʯϣȳԷ
ԣȻӼ᲻ԡʦϲ˵ķʽֱҪˡ޷ҧű·еǲӼ⡣
ҳԱˣʦ˵ɡ
ʶһλԺķӣȥݷһҵ£취һԬۡһжۣһ˵
ûˣ
ûˡ
ŭ㲻˵ҵ̸̸ʲô
Ӽѧĸɽǰ㣬⸵𣺡ͬʦ˵£һ˵ʲôֻҪӦӣʦúαż
żãѪͱˡ
Ӽ̬ȣø죬ȻʦԵƬ̡
˵꣬ݣݸӼһŷ⣬ҸʦּĹȥ
еźܳʮš
϶
ʦֻһˣʱ޵һˡʦҲؼôˣ£Ӧı֡ŲӼͷĻ
ӼԴ
϶ǸûйصļһˣСʦãԼֻҪӼһ洧ţһʸ𣺡һӦ㣬㣬㻹дŴ϶ô
ҪæĻҸϾʦǻؼҾТء
˵δ꣬Ҳҽˣ㻹Ҫ϶ô
Ӽỹǰһ˵һޱؿŸ𣬵ȴȻļƤ񣬺һ󲽣ʦ֡㡭Ҫ
Ӽ᲻⡣
ڣֲ˵ʲô˳ȥ󣬰ԼѣͬʱԼԴ߶Ҫ̽ʦְºˣˣ÷ʦ֣ڸһҪȻҰصǮȫΪУ
ݸʦǮľ٣Ȼӿһ󲻺õԤСհ̫ҽġ֮£ؼҿ
Ԭں;˽ᡣ
ǵ¶⣬ǳǰһμ档ԬۺЦӣȴ˽Щ¡
˵λﳤüáϦദ꣬ʦ֣治ϲʦ֣Ҫҡ
Ԭмˣ϶׮ʮþȣŸվҪ;ģɣŮӣϾټġЩ޹鰮Ұĵģҹμģֻʦһȥ꣬飬ֻΪ˻Ȣʦá
˵ţԬǰǰ㣬ʦõաɬţһΣȴû㿪ߢǰ£Ůˣһ
ԺĲϣõĲӼᣬǶӵһˣ۾ᡣ
뷢԰׵ڱԹţһһôǸʿƽСӣۿʮͯԡҪ棬ŵĹĲҲӱ¿ˡԸôŪˣԣҿʲô£СӰϺԺʱҲ󣿡
Ӽʵʵ˵ϺԺڽˣڲ顣
ͽ˲ͻģͷͦɿģһô
㽭۴һռʮĶʮʥһ¥һֱȥƣǰûӣڣû;



ڶʮ ж
˵ãҽԸԽһұʦ

Ȼʮ棬ĶˡҪϸʲӼᣬȴӼⶢĳæ˾ʱңԬ۳ˣȥ
ԬǲӼĿģ治ȥɣ°£ȥϺԺֵ㼦Ȯ
Ԭҵӱ鼮ޡ
ԺĲǶ¥żֳֳҲѵһ⼸գɽ׿ϣÿձ顣ǳ飬᲻δ޵
ߵյ鰸ĥδкãԬŲ̧ͷͫ׷Ŵ
Ԭ̽
ԬۻĥӼνģʲôԼҪҪװʶأӼǱѿڻˣ롣ԷôԼ̫³ˡ˼ˣԬѹɻͽţȷˣԺĽأ
Ӽݻش𣺡Ӧ֮鼮١
Ԭ΢ŭҽڽԺԼҲҪҸĽڰɣβᣬԬһֱЦһɻﶼֳα٣
Ԭ֪̽ôֳҲмٵġ
ż֮ѵã漣⣬Ը⹲ԼıҲǹżѰû֣Ӽ˵ֳ֪٣汾汾ݡ
Ʋ⣬Ԭ۲õԤС
ܼ汾ӼԭĳȻãܼ汾ݣѧʶɫһֱѲӼĳߴ룬û뵽ȴǵ͹
ԣǰ¶ĲӼᣬȻ˵ͼԼɲҪϵ˲ǡܲ²͸ӼĿģԬǳЦԬĳˡ
۵ĺֹ̽һҲҲôӼֻûļ˳ű˼ƮƮӦһ󣬱ûͬ£żɽĳ̽ɣΪһ׮ϲ¡
뽲
Ԭ۲Ծֱֱ󱳣Ӽ۾ֻû£ǰգڴ븵ҽ֮⡣
ԭ¡
ԬȻһЦϺԺҲ͸æµĲӼͣ½Ų䣬ǰˣûвϲİɣ
ŶҲиҲϲըëӣҲţܿ취׮¡û뵽òӼ洦¡ѵһ֪ԼϲһһҲ֪ԷϲԼ
ˣٶ۵İ
ЩԼ޹ءԬߵӼǰЦʣйأ
Ҳô˵ġҼʦСԣ˵̽ɴǣߴýġ˵ʦܡʦܡʦ뿪Ժ̽ġ
ӼʦõͬʱŹԬκζ˦СԬЦǰе¶ƸԼ
ϧһҲء
ȻͦţԬ۽ʵ̫ˡҽǣΪ̽δĳ͢سɲʲôèֵһϵġ
֦֣о˾ð̵ˣ治ֵֺô
ϺԺˣèôӼҲЦˣ˵ʦ˵ʦ˵飬һֱšڿȴ¡
ûУųǫǫӵԬ̽¶˸߰һ棿ûУԬ۵۽磬αһͬŮӣ
Ӽƶš
ҴԬۣЦһ¡
ӼȴʼԬ̽ܣһ㣬ĳ硣̽һƺţµ֮նдţԬ̽ϲ֮գٻᡣ
ȵȣûǴĻδ
ԬֲԳ飬ϺԺȥԼϲƣӼתޱطʣ̽ɵ治֪
֪ԺҪӵȥϲƣ̽ɣ治֪
Ԭȷʵ֪
Ӽ뿪ȥɽѯʴ¡ɽŹֵؿõǰߣԬʦֶˡԬʦֶ˷ɣ
ԬɫѿʲôȻǲӼʲô
ӼԺֱȥڼС
ϲɫؽӴҰ˵ģͬԺ˶ȥμԬ̽£ѸԺӣԬ̽׵ĸգҲ¶ʮһ£Ϻûⷽľ飬׼Щ̣ȥúÿ
лڡ
ӼлǴƱлƱóԺúȵؿһӼϦбسǻؼҡ
棬ӼϺԺĴϣơΪĿģûõֶΣ°ٳһ̲ࡣ游͸ҷġϧǰѹٳŪɴȾףҲûһ˻˵ˡ
һҾƣӼ˿ȣϺԺĴŴ򿪡žӼŭĸȫǵ⡣
֪ǻʦһǹҵġ



ڶʮ ͬ
Ӽһնڼң˸㹻ʱͿռ䣬⡣ԸԣӼ֦ǾԲͬġĮ֦İȴԴʦ޶á
޹ظ顣
ʥʮһˣͷڸСԺٳšʦһڳѼû£ꡣ¡̩£ʦֽ˸ңµ۵ǻ¸о٣ĸСһжѲĴʦ֡
ĸһĺ½ڣһΪĸоһֱڼ
֪Ӽĸ飬һֱ翴ˣҪ󣻵֪˺ǰԼñŤ·ŶԷϲͿɾ۸˼ҵģ
û˼
ǰͻȻܿʦ֣ܡ˵һˣǶʦֵˣҪ̴ʦֵĵطкܶ࣬ƴʦֶС
Ŵʦֲ֣ܻ֮Ը飬ְֻεĴ˵Լʦ֣Ҳǲܵģ޸Ĵʦ֣°뱲ҹҹ˯ߵĿ׼
ô찡
ͷ֣ơ䷢ͣ߶šȢáĸ֡ţ
ôˣĸ֣Ĺ۵㣬ȻҲǴʦֵĹ۵㡣
ԴʦֵӣȢǡʦһֱû¶ȻûȢԼ˼ȢͲ¶ûëϦദԷЩᣬָܡ
ǰû̸ȴꡣ
ɼܲ˲Ļεʱڲʦϱ׽ʦ˵壬Լ壬ʦڰ༶ͬѧΧ£ȫӮ
ս˸ڰꡣ
ݸ߸ߵкŰ׳ģɾϣ˿ߵ۾˵ܺһô
ܣΪβܣӦս
ս䡣
ʦֵĩβʱӹ̣׻ˡ۾˹ĵ£˫۾Եʦ˵ʦһ֣
ǿڽݵʱ䣬ۿϿε˵
᲻ʧ䣬ʦ飺ʦӦұ𣡡
ԸԳˣȴӴסĵס
һסǶꡣ
忪ʼ𽥶˽ӴÿһνӴͶһϲ֮һֱĵףΪ˵ͶZZϵ
ţıãþױáһϣҺ͸Լҽòࡣ
ҰŸ£
΢ӣɬ֮⣬ˡá˵ĻϲŲϲˣҪһˬʵǡ
ԲӼᣬһͬĸо
вͬġ
ԼĿǰΪֹ꣬ûϲˡʦֲ¶Ǿֻ˵бԭ¶ԭ򣬲Щŵ֮䰡ĸг𡭡
ĸû˼
ܣ
ߺ޵˵ȴǵؿ˿ͷϦȾ졣ʱҲ˰ɣ
̫ûأ
ƵˣʦôûҲŲס͵߳Ժ
ۣʲôƵĴʦ֣ȵɵ֣
ʦ㶼ʮüˣôɵ£ʲôĵģ˵Ҳһ˺ƾƺһٱɣ
ҡӼƲס
ȴָǽˣǽ
Ӽ᲻
֪󣬸𲻿ȥ˽Ƭ̣ŷСӡԼһӼһ
Ӽȥǣɣǲȥɫ˴ţҪʦ÷ֿ롣
ΪԼܺʦö³ĵĲӼᣬûأȻ뿪
ӼɵۡԼͼʦ÷ˣ
ûȲӼף³ǰһͲ
˲ӼľҺ󣬰ͲȥˮȰɡ˵˵һնʲôȥˣԬۣҪǣôԺһ仰£̣Ҫ󣬷ѡɫɫҪǡ
˵úŪһӼ졣
˵ҲμӹöѧԣҲμڶβʧˡ

ʮء
Ƭ̣ǿ񣬵ף˵ڵ뷨
㻰
Ӽ᲻ŵش˸󣬵ԬˡܷΣŮ֮ͬѧϰһǿˣûرɫ㲻ô
ΪԬ۵ļҲܺãѧҵҲܳɫǣûҪ;ƹۡӼ˵꣬ʣʦң׿˵ģܰɣ
ôܣӼ὾թģˣҲ£ֻ£Ҫ޴ȥˡԬ۵أЩС



ڶʮ ͷ
Ӽ˵Լʶľ󣬸пɥޣɥӣʱֻʣһ˲󡣶û˰֮
Ԭ۽ΪҲΪ˺ߵ¡һ룬Ѿ˾Ӽӿڣ˼ûطȥϺԺСҲǡ飬ˣܵеͷûбԼѹ鼮ٺõķʽˡ
ӼҲ˼ֻû뵽𲻽뵽һ۵㶼һģ̲סпʦñȱ㣬ͨһʤȴ
ǽһ
ʦ죬²ʲôûǸ˾ͻȱ㣬һȱ㶼ûеĻȱ㡪Ҳ⡣ֻҪ²Ϳͺô˵Ҳûôȱòã
ͷ¹⣬еƹ⣬ӼƲȴҲ֪ˣ͵ʦȻܺÿԣʦûĺá
һ仰˵ĸ֪ǸЦˣȻЦҲûİ취ٴͬӼȷӺ׷˾䣺ʦ׼ʱȥҵ̸
ȥɡ
϶ˣ峿ѾˣûвͬģʵǴʦֵģҵ˵ʲô˵ҺøѰѹأʡҵ
Ӽʦ˵ȴ˵Щôˣҿǹʦʦ
ʾ֭˺һ֣һûСٲóӼĴָôˣʦ֣Ϊ
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ĸηһѵʦ֪Լоˣ
ӼᶪôһֹƬ̣ŵʦ˵ҿԲô۵ġǣǸΨһĶӣֻôֻۣʦǰԲôۡ
Ҳ˵ʦְеĺͰףˣˡġ
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ŶǽûбԹ
ӼͷҼҳ˵ոպãĸ׶ϸΪã׶ϸҲΪҺá
Ǹý㡣˵ĸǰ
˵ĸ裬׵ģҲһдšΪáţƶ·ĸסǰὨʲô˼ˣǲˡԣǰ˶ʮˡ䡱ǵһö
СԹ飬̳мҵ⣬ʮģѵİ£쵽Уλáõ·үг𣬰
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ŻͬԵСʦãӼԺĻ棬ԬӵʦǵĻ档
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ȰӶţŰµľҶڵϡ󣬲Ӽּʦߡ·ѧԺͷĵ𡣲ӼѧԺǷֱֱߣԺ



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ҺõӼᱧһ齡ǿ̲ᣬ˷¡·ͱȥˣЬӻҪѵġ
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ӣűӣ˫¶⡣һ۹󣬲ӼֻһƬѣɿץ̤ϵıȥˣٿʱԺǻ֮ȥİۣġ
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ʦӵҪЮ䣿ǺǣȻΪӼ󣬱ѽڰﻰ˵ȥиڵġ˵֮󣬲Ӽֻһһվڷϡ
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֮ˣǲ֪ܲλġ̫ȫţʦвʥһλ״Ԫɣ𱱽սλ㣬һֻȢһޣҲǺ˵̸ʡ



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ϲһ˲ĸҡͷУûôޣС޲ȥġ
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Ӽһˣ˵ʦƽջ̫࣬˵Ļ㲻ˡ



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ԭʶ̫٣Ϊˣ֪ϲ뵽ģǴʦҪôϲԼҪôǸ߾ĸǲ棬ߺߡȶʦһжʦţѴʦ߿
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Ŀɿڴ
Ӽ͸̸ϵ񡣵棬ԶԲӼʦ֣ⲻңֻ˵˲ֻʮշӣϾͳˡ

һˬʵЦӭƮüԶ˸ɽ򸾺ϺԺ͸ˡ𡢲ӼȥʰĹԸɽϹӼԭͶģֻܣδܼʱӵˡɽլʺңлɽ
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ĸ̲סһ죬ʣӼĸݣ
һЦĿѣͬʱݹϵǶòԾƽԩҲϱͷǺˡǰҳ֮ʣǹһˣǾǧ꣬Ϲͷɲµģ
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֮øЩӣȻϹأҲǲ̡ÿЭ䣺ʦ÷ҪˣҲǲԣ˭ʦء

ÿÿһֱûԣýֻܰޡ
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Ӽᶪ飬븵һ
ͯƹһͷڣؾصػ㱨Ϊ¡һǷϺԺ϶Ǯľٵš
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ӼȴǱһ㣬˴ݣԾ˺ӵݡˮˣߴΣϤ·ģ±ɵִݣҲǲС
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Ӽ㿴ͯƹͯƹǸˡ
ͯƹؿŲӼᣬ˼ǣ
Ӽãʹ죺ʦʦĸѰҽҿͦʡ
ͯƹܾʳΪУСѲ
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άͯƹмһ
ӼߣҸʵˣȷʵѡ˵ڶ׮£˵ˣٿѡ񡣡
𲻽ؿŲӼᣬֱӵʦֺһûԺ֪ͷ£
ûԺģ㡣
شŸ⣬Ӽߣȴͯƹϡ
ͯƹҵرܿߣɡ



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ڣܽͯƹ¶ģſھ͵ʲô
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ôá
ӼͯƹͬʱŸԶԡ
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ͯƹʵڲȥȥ˵Ժ¶ʮգȫôôҪʱ̣ɽֻ²Ը뿪Ҫȥȥɺã
ʳΪ츴ҵʱҲȥġ
С㣬ʲôģۿϢŭȫգһɰȥʵԬۻ¶ʮȢأʵɣҵǱԬġԬԽãҵԽܡټͷԣܽҵۿ⣬øأ
ıˣαװֻչһ档ԵĲӼᣬΪǼװܡô˿̵ĸ
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һʢźŹһ𣺡ϲ磬޺硣Աһ㣬Ժһ㣬ϲսǣժźʣúȵýʦֶһЩ
ȶˣĻθڳԲˣֱܾʳȥ
ӼԸӹźŹǣһ׽ڣɴ³˹ͷ󣬷ȷܺúȡ
Һ룬ҲжӳԲˡ
ϵģӼԵʮֱ渺ʰӼḵ˻ϴ뿪ù磬űȻǽҪڳġסӼȵڿջţʳΪլ޺ãǱסǴ
Ҳ˼ýʳΪװģ
װĸ𣬿ʳΪװޣ˼󣬻ŮװӺʱӼޣҴլɲլӼլ
ӼԼϲ˿󣬷ǳмµϺԺɲףǮʮ
ǸĿ˵ӣнɽɽƵġѲɣҳģӼɻһ˲ȴƳϲȻ
ԺǮףֻһûôաʵ˵ӼȷԸաϲ磬Ͳܹ˼ӡԣҲû̫ӷϡ
ţ˷š
һ˽϶ʲô񣡵ϻôһ磬㶼û
˵꣬Խҿ񣬴ӣͷźĺģĺ
ӣ֮µİ



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ֻ˺Ժ
·Ѿ߳ϦĴԺ⣬ԱԺ졣Աź󣬳ϦһˣЩף˼󷽣ɬִ٣ʶذӾ
деֵߣ·һޡ̬ȸ߰ĸ˲ŮϦϥ񣬿ں֣ӡ
ͯƹĸҵ֪ıȽѸٲµݡǸ洫аע޺磬ֻ֦һ۱ƿߡ
ɾûбģûۣƽ޲һۣ֣ץ
֣ӺҺԺĲֹ̳ˣļʶɫɫġ˼˴·Ϊ࣬ǹٻŮ죬ԺŮ졣ǰ߶Ŀˣ߶ûˣү˵ɽ
ԣ֣ӿŸһĸ߰Цʣ֪գ
ոϺԺԬ̽ϲ
Ļ䣬֣̬ٱ䣬Цݣ񣺡֪ݹ٣ʧԶӭɷһ˵
ڵŮȵؿŸ𣬵Ļش
һѰ˼˹ң
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ǵģ֣Ӵ˷ȥţǷ֮ȥŶˡֻҪո磬ҲҪߡԼүҧгһ֮õ֣ӿ϶ʵڲϣԱʾҲ١
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ϤӣЦͤУȭͤеȺѾõӵþò֡
ˣΧŸתһȦ´֪ǸŮӺܶ汾ĸ𣬵Щ鶯ףȤؽ飺˵ôһʰͦ۵ġδ飬δޣȢ㣬Σ
˴ǰΣû˵Ҫ͸Ļ⻰ҲֻǡǺǡһЦû֮ǰ¶֮⡣ǻһү뵽ʲôõľŭˣҪȢҲɡţΪ˶£ҵֱء
ǸƤԼĳСӡʱûȤһԾɻسϣҡҡͬʱ˳˾䣺ǲѰҽô
ǳȻһϣش𣺡úõģѰʲôҽ
ô˵϶ϸɽӲʵġ
ҪȢҲûȤܸΣڰԹ󣬻ص⣺˴ˣ㻹ûۡôˣб뷨ֱ˵ǡ
ҡųΣǽ֪࣬˶ٱֻ˵ȷʵ뷨ģĿڣҸᣬǰң˵仰ѡˣǧҲҪˣһεĳ࣬Ҳ˲С˹ˡ
ļ仰
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̫δ䣬ֻЩ˼ʱ䡣źٴμ档
˵Ҫ˵Ļˡ
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Сｿգ֣붮Խ͵áĺãڣСȺһţǳȺӵ˵л֡һûأ֣Ժڴ
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ˣȴŹָָ㣬˽￪ʼһ۵һһλһ۵ƯŮӴӣһѻ̵ĹǣѸΧסͷλƯʮֲ˵Ҽ㡣ǰŮװǽԬ̽
λ︽͡
Ư͵ԣϺԺǸĽԬ̽׷Ԭ̽ô򡢲֪߳ܵĸ
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ȵġ۵ġĵģһ֣ȫڡЦЦʻŮӣǰңضԺǰˡһδĹô˼һֻΪ˲̽һˣҲûҺö١ŶҴˣӦǼ̽ɵңҪá



ʮ ˰ܼ
ƯŮӱһСѿˡԵŮ㲻Ҫ
һ仰֤ҲǸ˲Ҫ˵Ļ۸Сﲻʣģ۸ԲԼ
ûôΪѣλˡҪ˶һûôҪܼ֮֡Ԭ̽ȻԬ̽׿ϵġ⣬λƯСѾͷҲ˵˰ʱװǰ̽˱Сǻȥֻˡ
ƯŮӱĻסǻԹʸ𣺡ʲô
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Ǯ棬ͳˣλδŮ˲˵ܵ-ƷֵŮʵǡ
ᡣ
𸻵Ĺǣ롣
ȴ˺һס˸СǲҲ취ߣ
ϲѾǣʵĹϹ֣Ӵң󷽵ү׬ǧӣ䲻̽Ȣ֮ϲҲϲһ׮ҵȷЩϹɾ⡣

ȻôͬˣǹϰȺ͵ĸ𣬳֣ףʾԼյ֣ӴŮºþûɢȥҼҸйԼٴαΧס
ֻĸ˱ʡͷλһСѾߣۻҵĿˣʣԬ˿ڣ
Ԭ۵ĸף߱Ʒ˵Ԭˣ˿ںãʹ֪εš
ϲڴ˴ԣӭȴڸڣүԬҵլԺԣԬ˴ٳһӣϲºÿ֪˶ӲĹܼӡѾңԬ¶ϲɫʺͬʱȥӭ㼱еģ֪Ǳϲ̨ˣ֪˶û˺øУԴںҲûȤ
ѾԬ˵ϺԺϺԺĲ˵Ǽֵһӡ֮̽ɺ̽ѶջԬ
ԬԸԳ뿪븮ȴǷɿؽԼ˹Թôһ䶫ֵôȰŵӣ
Ԭͬľս˵ôûȰӷ˵ҵլһĵʲô취
ϺԺͱӡֵıϢǰãԺļҾϤǣ򷭲롢ײΣһͬһ𾪵ס
Ժ˿ƾ٣ջٶ̡塢ףн̸̡ƤëҲãӺǿ˵ӣݡ١ࡣ
ϺԺֲ̫̫ˣ
֪ļԺĹпһ䣬򷽲űΧĸֻǸ˹ЦеС˿ȴǽŵŮȷϺԺ͵ģ
Ů֪Ҳ֣࣬ӵȥǰԺ龭˸һ󣬽ñ͡
ǰԺϲӣյ񣬻ʱһƬȻ
Ӽδţǹӣϸƹϵӣ·ӵĽǣıڴ󿪣«СӴµعӼתӵĶ͡ԼҶʦǮľ٣ʣأ
ǮľæһС鳣Ӽᡣжݣ̬ȴ܆£ʦ־ܼ죬һ⣬ܷʦܣҿͷһٷɣ
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Ӽӹӣ۱ȴǰʦܣһԼ塣ֻһö˶УʶѾڣգʧѾõıӲɣ
̨ˣǱӣδʧѾáֻ̫Ǯ̫٣Բ˵ʧλиˣ̽ѧȻɿ졣Ҫӣֻ̽һǡǮľԹԺ̬Ե㻨ӵĿǣԬ۵鷳
ӼȫûȥעǮľ󣬴ҵشĳ֪ӣ˶Сද浴س泩
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һϣӼ٩٩̸ʦܣͳ˶ӣ
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ԭĸˣ˼еĸˣһ£
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ŮЩϲ˵ĲʹȥʣԬ̽˵£ⲻô
Ц⣬ʦֹûбõϢˡ



ʮ ϱܺ
Ц˺Щ˵ķŭƯŮӵһ嵽ǰʣϺԺΪǮвԬ̽
ƣԣû˳̣ܽһλںơŮʲôļҵĹ
̫ͣΪԼݺ⣬Ůʹҽػش𣺡ԺĽᣬ⡯Ľᡣ
ĴԺĶԺڼҵλǿĸã̩ѧӺͷӶûƾһжλĽĸĸĽŪʫ飬ѡ棬˸֪⣺׺ڣ
򵥵ʻĽȴǽҧءǿ⣬Сģˣɷǿܲסģæ
Ľĺվ˳֪ˣΪλǸ
Բнôնô˵Ůӣƽ񲻴ʹ￴ˣղҵǰλŮٿλ޿ѣ˵ܲܣҿ˶ܣολ̫̫
ĽĶһ٣ҳ
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ԺݲõˣֻжԺɽ㣬Ż¥ŮӡʮǰԺΪɽˣĴԺ֮ףֱ½Ժƶ𣬶˵һλãѶԺߵĩҡеԺһֱضŶԺ
һ̾ϢͣĽΪǳԺжܶ飬ǵˡȻǶΪ˶ǷǣΪ֮ˣװļҪѧ׿ľԬ̽޹أ㲻Ҫ¡ͬʲôҲ޹أסô
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ǰƾʵʮˡ䡱Ϊݡ׵һƺּӣΪһϹٲҪ£ʵѡ
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طˣҸȷϺԺɽش󣬸֪ʣ֪λ
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ƾѾĶϱˡƬ̹򣬽ƾһСֵ֪˵ۡ
Ļȱһɡ
ԣ˶Ը⡣ǸȱµԬۣôһ˿ԹΪƼϱܺãȾˮĹﻹҪá
ο˸߰˰ˣ֣ӾǸᣬȥԼԽȥ֪˼񣬲Ǽү˿ĸͷ˿Ը
֪ݸһЦ˵ôҲ˳Ϊ֮үطϡ
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˱ˡ
֪˰Ҵһѣֲպôүᣬͷлȳ£һ˶ȻӦġ֪ͬˣȴһӦ



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֪֣ӣ֪㲻˳ְæ˼ô˳ְæģԵرģ
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ŮӺӽе͵ŮӣˣˣɫҲˡֹţôôӲ岻ģ
Ƶˣľ籾ʲôֻøˡ
̾һ֪˵Ĳ˵ɴҶ֪˷ˣͼһүͷˡˣ⹻ˣͬͥţϸ˵˵ɺã÷ˣһѣһͷͷ
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˷˱ҪУҲһС֪ͬĸϷˣ곤һЩףһСｻ˷˺ܷġ
ȴǿίغ͹˷߿ࣺţҲСﰡ
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Ŷ͵ʲôڸ߼ĴͲİ£Ҫ̫סԬˣ֮ˣû˻ԽҷֻᶼʱץüãأȻǿԼǮϵúܲ
ҲһѾͷƬӡ
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Ӹˮп˾棬ӣǵôһ£һ
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֪õĹǲ֪ϷСŮ׷£ʮּ˵ǸԺ͵ġ
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ͬԣǲϲĽģĹϲͲ֪˶ϷˣԵȨеġ׵ӣѿĽٴκۿ
ûȵĴ𰸵ܶȫûĽᣬĸ䣬ͬ⣬ϷŵԼµ⣬ÿӶ£޹֮ڣÿһƶʮ⣬Ի߻ͷܽС
ܶСԴʾ׺ʣôĻֵǮɣ
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ָأϣر⣺ʶһʶôʮֽ˵ҸСѾͷʮ⣬͸ӡ
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ʶһһ׬ǧôͬ궬渵ɽ뾩㸸ײμȣסӼ฽ĿջǼΪڿջѧߴߴ˵һ֪ܲеأھҪһô˼Ŀڰ
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һأȰһҪǸΪ̶ֻۡ޵ˣ⣬ֱӽмһǧһðЩԥˡ
ڿԲˣΪˡ
ͯһǳĵزͷôɰһ·ϼʵ£ͳͳ˵һ飬ԼΪ⡣
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ͬ괺һͬĳһʮУԻԾУǺεȵĸ֣
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ҲԩԬ۵
Ԭ츳ҲãĴûԭǣ̫ǵÿ죬Ҳ졣ͨһ徭ڵƪ£ܳȱ֡©֡֡УЩǲܴġļص㣬ص㱳Ĭƪ˿򵥡˵Ҫԡ
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ƶΪòĶԾִٵĸ𣬺Ľֱӳ˷ԱȡܶøУС޵ҽʮ͸ǰɣҵڻ֪ôãҲ²أ
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˷֪Ǯңʸ𣺡Ҳ˵ϺԺıǮ֧֣
Ǹ£Ǯ֧֣ϺԺֵ֧֡
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Ԭһ·ߣһ·ϺԺûֵĲӼᡣ
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ԬʶؿӼᣬƾŸоǲӼĹʯĥԼŻ磬ᱻӼƻ
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ӽ˸ƣΣҵԣۼˡ
֮⣬ҿΪȥǣҼңһ



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ؼʱ̻ÿԼ֪ԭڳԴ׵ĲӼᣬѹӽԣӦˣΪλжң
ӽ˳Ŀ⣬˻״̬ĸ𣬺ȻԼϸСʦҲ¡ȶǾֺη
˺һϥ𣬿ڵӽԣݼʦ
æǰ˷ɻл㱣ŵʣǣôʦˣ

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ԭ򣬲
һ㣬ӽ԰ΪʦҪΪҪʦʥݵʦʦӵвڸĸĻȨҲ˵ӽҪһΪ˵ΪȥסЩƾٵˡ
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һˬáΪͽձضȫóԸ
ӽԻ֮ǰһ΢΢һЦô࣬ûôҪġʦ㣬ǡǡضʦ㣬ǱǵԵ֡
ţԣԵ֡ͷ絷⡣
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һͯƹҲġ
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𱻲ӼڳЩۺѻЩ˵ʲôУûһԺܽ˵ķӡ



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Ӽһ仰õĻ룺ȻȱġֻǣȰѻƽǸİգԺѧӵļˡ
ԽǮӼһ⡣
Ҧ¥ǰȻϵһֻܵڶ֣˼ʲӼ᣺Ժնĺӣ
ͣҪͨ顣
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Ҳ˵ԼлˣҦӰĶѡ˲ӼǰĻҲ֪Ժ˽ӲͬЩš촽ΣҦСţ⡣
ӼףתͷԹӽԵһ⣬һΡ
ӽ룬ڣ˴֮Ңȵӡʫƣ֮£Ī֮Ī˴Ϊӣ֮ǳΣ
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ӼˣҦСͣˡ
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ӼֶǮľٵʫ
ǮľĿһ˲ҦСɿ˵Ҳó
Ӽ뵽ĳֿܣδѧ
ǣлֻεʫұ㿪ʼТˡ
ʫᣬȻҲˣôʻĲӼᣬࡣ
ֻӴ˲ãҦҲ֪ӼҪԡ⣬ҦӼ˲һźߴٶӵС˵ᡣ
ҦСΪѵҡҡͷԲӼҲᡣ
ԳʵĺӣӼûж佱šԴʧĿǣе
ӼʧǰոġĿ꣬ǵһѧƶ󣬶ܿٳɼΪƾٹˣ֪ҦСڵӵбԼҪõ츳֮ڣҲ겻֮ǰѧҵʧ
ӼʧҦСͳʧ䡣ǲᣬƭˣڡ뵽⣬ֱӣӼᣬС
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ûС
ӼǳȻطԸȡһЩˮٰӹ
ҦСִҦﳤֵĲǰڵʣҪд֣ǵĻ˰Űɡ
۲ãҦﳤԼжϡָĲӼ侲ģƴԵĲӼǵȻģҦСֺ졣ʼգʲôʤȯյĴݣҦﳤȷϺԺȷʵҪӣԵ
ʵʱʵ鷳ˣǸӡӼִлûҦﳤǾ鷳ﳤˡ
ҦﳤЦǺǵ˵š鷳ȥ˲ᡣӼųڵĸʦܣ̨ĥī
õĸ𣬻Ӧ³
һ¶˿ʼָָ㣺ѽԺˣͶ󰡣ƭ˵İɣ
һز²ţĦţ˻ɸԱȡ˸еЧӼ⣬ɫ˲١
ȴһغҦСкӹˮżĥī
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׼ˣ˹ӽԷ飬λǱʩ˶һ㡣



ʮ ż֮
ϵĸˣ۵ӣΪ٣ȻҦСҲеëڣЩˣʱ㣬һֲһֲر¡Ǯľٺë֮ڼҵһķϵеݣֻԼǵ䣬˵ضʦѵġ
Ѳƶ
Ǯľʾ⸵ҲӼỻһƪյĸʮֲԸ⡣ͽдһʦĻȥƪҪġ
ʦöãֱӼᷢʣšǺǡһЦƤ˵ʦֳģǡսߡһƪɣҿܻ֡
ˡӼ쵽ǰʸҡ
󣬻ƤЦģǸĪһ߹صϱʣһߺ޳ܵ˵ŬһҲܱⲻŴʦֵָãʦַӿռô
仰֪ľ˲Ӽ飬Ȼûǿ۱ЦĹӽԣתҦСϰĿǹݸ壿
ǡ
Ӽ᲻˵ʼ飬ܿд壬ֱǹݸ塢飬Լ顣Ǯľϰ飬Źݸ壻ǰϰ壬ֲμӿƾ٣վɡ
һΪ׼Ĺݸ壬ҦС˺󣬸пһ䣺ã
ԵģҲ֪ˡ
Ҳ̽ͷˣƲʲôһ㣬ʮȷǾǣŴҵ棬дȫͬԺ
˵񣬾ǹӽҲȵúϲ£죬ЦʣڻʦǷü
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ݸ൱Ҷʶһֱ׼塣Ϊϲ˵ỹҪ˵ġȻû֪ôд
һֱЦеĹӽԣɫͻ䡣
ǵСʱ򣬹Ӽ֮ˣϲ鷨ȵΪǰߡֻ;̣һʮܱ꣬ͬ˵껹ŻСݸ
˵Ǹ𣬹ӽȴɵĿ⣬ӼᡣӼ᲻󷽵ջһѵõЦ
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˲ǹ¶Լµݣ߼ٹһƬѪȷ磿̫˼˰ɣ϶ôλǸӣͷ޹ز˵ҪǣǸ˼ˣ͵ڰԼг̸˴ҡ
϶Уû湻ءǲ˵ֱûš
ӽΪ֮ʣԼһݣ˱ҦСǰǷݹݸ壬Сһͷ㣺ĸƯһЩ
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žԼϵĹӽԣʶΪԲӼҲһ֪룬̹˲٣ЦջطŵĻǵģƯʦҲá
һ֣ٻΧ¶˹ӽԳϢ㡣ֻûǫҪʲôѧʣʦֻġ
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ҦСձʵһ٣ЩɺԵĴû˵һһЩŤŤأƪΪ
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͹ӽʦͽͬһۡ
Ǯľһ仰ͰҦСĹ滮ŵҪ˰䲻⣬ǮľһͽܣǿԵģ㿴Ӽᡣ
ӼǮľ٣ˣ
Ǯľͷ
Ӽҿ㣬Ӹ飬Ҫ⺢ӣ֤Բμԡ
ǮľӦ׵ҦСٴʿˮʣҪңʮšʮȥμԣ
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ҴӦǮľٵӢŵ
ȫסҦСɶͷԣʣǱӦҪ˼ô



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õ϶شҦСƴѹȴӦ˵ĻҦȫǮľ˵һſ͡
һʱ䣬ΧЩ
ԶСѾͷؽ˵ûĺӣҷͶǵ첻У
ѭȥһСѾͷ׷ͬһһŮַͣ׼Ⱥһ˽𣺡ҦѾͷƬӣô۸ҼͭǮСݣ
һԲĸ˳ԼŮ˵׷ȥ׷ߵ˵Ƿ£
ԴҦһƤƤñ۸ԼܱԼȸָ𣬼ԼҺµҦˣƾɶ˵ҼҺûûӣûĸ˻ΣҴ̷̧ģ˭Щꣿ
ȻûˣҦɴݵҫԼҸڹ£һ˶ء
˱Ȳָһ°а˼ҪӲ
һﾪˣҦӸϽ§ŹŮӼһˡ
ҦСҦƣСѾͷĸʲôȥˡĸ׻ˣ˰СѾͷϡһɿضֱͣţٴγʱֽšɾСɰСɰɾϣһۡ
Ҧͷʣզˣ
Ҧƺ֪Լں˵ԭǹˣֲеءղȥժֹ˰ɡңЩǣĸأ
ҦŹŮͣ°ͶŲӼˁ졣ҦƵ˴𰸣ŵǰ˫֣ԲӼ˸׼ȫ񣬵ҦƼҸӺʹ棬áҸŸ米ˡ־ұɡ
Ӽ·𿴵˵ʦã˱飬ҦС˼䣬ͻסãԣ֪ˣҪ磬ǸҪô
ô˵Ҧܿ԰֪ģԺһΪò۸ҧӦȻΪǣһ·նһԹеĿԡ
ҦСȴûôࡣˣʲôжϰˣѲѵ¡ѲѣҪȥ
ԭܼе꣬ΪõĹĺ
Ϣ̧ۣŲӼᣬϿҵҪʵֹңÿ˶ɵ¡Ҳ֪Լܲһᾡȥʵǣûĳͷ
ûӦͼ󻰣
¶ϲʮͣ壬ܿסġʣһЩõҪáΪһÿ¼ȡžǼʮʵͯԵˣҲǾܹǰʵãҪԸ
ձҲвĿܣҪһƷԲĺӣȶǰʦ֡
ӼᡰšȻشҦСͷ漰޵¡
˵꣬ӼߵҦﳤǰȭﳤԺ޲ˣҦҴָиӣ̸֤
֤ʲô֤֤ҦСȻȥĸӣǹؾصġҦﳤӼʶȤЦǺǵӦˡ
Цݱס
֤ġһʮĺӣͱծ⼸ˣǲǼָУ֪伲డ
ǿ֪ܲͨׯ˼ңʮ겻ԲȣҲ治¶ӣҦﳤŸ𼸸
ҦӾ˵
ڵʱ򣬼ͷһ굽ͷʣǮʮʮӣɥһ֣ģöӶ飬ʡԼ꣬һûڱ֪ǵļҵףֻһ޼ѧӡ
Ҫǣϲ̵İԺҪһԼܰ׳˼ٷ۶ʣͰ˴أҦޱȰյš
ˣҦﳤһ̣飺СﰡлׯЩҪ㻹ͺȥǣ
һ⻰ҦҲľܾСǰ˵ˣҪô˽ӣҪôˣ
ĵﳤôһ䣬ӻڱҦ˽飬û˽㻻Ǵ㲻ˡ麢£
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ǰǣҪҦԼҪҪԷźøġ
ڸεĿУҦڿڣ˵ǻҪȥлׯ˶Բԣȥ֮ǰȸȥұһô
ȥʲô
Ҧ˵Ҳʶ֣ҲЩԣ˶ұõɩʶ֣дĿɺÿˡ˵Ų飬˵̷СȻ˽š̷СȻ˸˽ӣȥеţǣ˵ǿԣҾȥԺȥ׬ӸСʹծһ𱳣
˼ҸŮ˼ҦӻǸõɩӣܿ԰Լ㣡õĸ𣬿һ⡣
ãǸȥõɩӿǣ



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лׯҦ¥ҦƺҦСҦǮľٵС˵Ժܸ˵أá
̸䣬û˿ҼҲҪ˼µۡҦŮ˳ķ˿§סŮС壬û˵
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ҦС㲻˼ˣǸ壬Сˡ
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ܿ쵽лׯ
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ܾ֮ͬʣҦӱЦлֻҼһû˻ԣô죿
ǮľĬĬջǣ˳ֶһŵû˵һ£ҦԺٷһһͷ˶ûԼڣΪ˼á
ִĿĵأҦһȥţǮľ˩Ĺ򣬹ؽ𣬵˵·ϵ£Ϊǵʸ𣺡⺢ӣòס𣿡
ЦʦֶΪʦء״ԪʦɲׯϣʦҪ¶Ҫͽǿֳɵӣ۵ӣһȲӽءֻҪʦϲ޷
աǮľٸɴ˵
ţǿȥ˼ҵĿ˰ɣ
ӽԶĿȴûֻϵЦŨҡ
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ѹ˷㣬үӴųӺʹźׯڣûԵӣϲԺ飬ͷͼ档
ҦСǰлׯ˽ӣĲ޳ԹƵҦӱĲ̫̫֪ˡ̫̫û룬ǲ²ţСҪˣΪաǮףϴϱ˵ˣﲻҪȥǻǱԩǮˡ
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ЦӼ
һ˶ˣĸո·۵ˣĲ̫̫Իţһٴеģ򿪴ţͷƼӣַԸϱȥǻͷҦСлɽ֪ɣĲǣȥ˽л
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ܲϲĿĲӼᣬ̲סͷվ⣬͡
ղҦ¥ӼѾͻƴǰͷˣΪ˳ҦӵҪлׯٴڱ˵Ŀ±ɹѾµӼԭݵĸЩⲻȥߵӼǰʦ֣Ϊˡ
ᡣΪұ㲻ˣˣͲΪѡӼϸĻͬظ
رǻ۵Ĺ۵㣬ӴʦôôأǸ⣬ʱʧһɶĹֹȻҲʲô񣬵ҲôװͰ͵ģôϧɣ
ֹȻ壬ӼΪýˣӽҲˣ͡һЦ˳ΪԼʧ֪Ǯľ٣ʦϲ˶ĵط
ǮľٵţʦСʱܿµĺ֢
ӽԵͷߣСʱˣΪĴڣĺӲſô
ĲƽҵĽų̱ҦС죬ҦСҪȥĵطһյ蹦ҦСһλԼĪͣüĿĸ˲ӯֱͦ赸һĩȣ˴ŵ£¶һ˲ֱ졣ǹǳЦڵҦСҦС׻Ӧš
ŮܹѵãҲûȣֵҦӶΣǸп֮ʣȴԵĲӼᣬȥøϲ£֡
㣡
콵ˣʦĽ㣬ôˣ
ϲһ˲ģһʦǸϵӣôŸ˱ǸϵŮȴΪһͨũʦֻܷҵ˽㣬ίأ



ʮһ ̸̸ϼ׶߾һ
ʦҵˣ
˷ܵǮľԷȥʶ˼ҽŲʣ˻ǸǻأϣԱĻϲżƳصĸΪɵˣָ˴˻Ѻеĵͳɤ˵ԼֵͬʱҲѰϿɡ
ʦҵأǲǺã
Ϊǣ޷ͬһ˵Լĵǣ˸˵ǴʦֵĽ㣬ûҴʦأ᲻Ǹᡢʦջϲһ
ǮľϵЦ˪ٶᡣ
ǰǽ㣬ҵܵأ뵽⣬Ǯľٽŵؿǰ𻰵Ĳ̫̫ԵҼҴϱǵôǰˣȥ˰
֪ģȻ˿󣬹ӽҲһĶǰͷѾ嵽ǰĲӼᣬ۾Ѿһ룬Ρ
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ɵʫĽ㣬˶ֲѡûһΡʵũڶӿ˫Ӽ᲻ˡ
ЩˣνˣǡԼ
ӼֺݺݵĨȥˮ
õӣ֪ʪǾοűԼһͷӣ㣬㲻ҪŶң𣿶ԲסҲǵôǰˡ
ԭˣ
ӼȻֵûյκҵӡǣǲǵˡ
ʱСһȴּᶨ˵Ǹ⼸꣬ҲҵˡҪ˵󴩵·ĶҲŻء
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Ĳ¶ɫӵĶ̣ʲӼ᣺С磬ʱδʧɢ㵱ʱʲôûʲô
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ˣũͷڰμģͬԭŮܾǡһ㶼Ȳϡ
һõġ
ܾؼʱ̣ûжסķԣǰסĹӿͷӼɫ仯Ī⣬Ĳ֪롣
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κ;ôĲӴӶԷпϲ
ߴܱ߿ֵĴϻʵʵ飺ǷϴˣܹǼ£ϸϸһԣɺã
á
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ĲϱңǱ˴գڿʵýǲףֻͬǶλȣܿ˰ɣ
Ĳϱ񣬲Եģ԰ɣ磿
ĲֱףԼɵ˰һ۾ʱص˵ͷԲӼͷ˵ɡ
Ĳſֻʣտյ⣬Ҽһ˵µ̸ʡĲǸһﲻһĴϱҵˣԷӵĴԺһοͣˡлׯΨһ˽ӣҪඡ
ĲҲãˡ˿ĳʣáĲ̫ү˿̣Ƚϱ£ԴӵȥдҦֶһңңλ˵˵׵¡
ĲƽӦϱҦڳݡ
Ĳ̫үʲӼ᣺ͷλҲô
Ӽ᱾˵£׻Щĵĸȵʦ֣ȥСӽԣҲŰɡ
ǮľٺԥѲ뿪Ĺӽߡ
ӽԲģʦô
Ǯľٵʲô棿һ֪¡
ʦ
һ
һӺ߿ʦ֡ʦ˵ģСʦáСʦͬһôǮľţȴ͹ӽԽ͡
ӽһͷ뿪ǸˣǲǸǡԼҽǳɵĲŮ蹡



ʮ ֻǽ㣨ϼ׶߾һ
µ˶ǿµˣɲӼȴǸǲڡԼԵĸ𣬱ĲڴĿУͬӼ飺ɫˣʦֱ˵Ĵɺã
Ĳ̫үϿɣˡ
Ӽؿ˸һۣٴԾȡ壬ݸĲүӣҶһֻһҡ׺ĸӽΪ飬游ͬ˽ӣ˸ƵġͷÿգֲʶŮ֮˸֡
ңԹΪʦֹȻǸˡĲҸĿУжϳ˿ǸԴǰһ֪Цĸˣ׸Ů
㵵أ֪ÿĸá
ӼὫı۵ף˵ŵ꣺Ϊ˶ĿʱҴĶװ
Ĳ;Ȼһ˵ˣ
˵꣬Ȼ뿪á
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һϯʵòӼԶԣǸҲ֪λش
ĲүӴ̶ԲӼ˵ɫˣȥ˵һʰӣڼסһްɡ
һ·Ĳʲôļܹһ
ӶᣬũǺܸе˼ҡĲҲడģ໹ʣһӣһ˵ӡǸȥԺĲӡ
æ˰ɣǡ
ȥĲ磬ÿھø졣ĲԴһ֪Ǹذ׵İݸӼᣬˣϸһϡ
Ӽᵱ򿪣һһļš
ѣƱУƾ֤ģҲҲֻܼҸ㻻˾ȥɽ·ʡ
ΪصɽϼңɵÿԡǺһɵģܵ˸ָĴѹԴΪ׵Щˣǽ͡ðǽ뿪ǧ෵عǣֻᱻǡ
ǰһֱû״󲮵뷨һӹѪף游ã׺ãҲܺò𣿴Ѹݺܵܣ١Ǹͷļк壿
ˡ
벻ףҲһס벻ױ㲻룬Ҫģݺס游ЩˣһһʧȥӵеģΪףΪ游ƽΪԼ߳һӿ·ֱ˸ɫСͳͳ㹻
ʲôô
ӼĲԾĲϱŵš
̾ذģްġʦ֣ԼĪǰԹĿˡǶ˵㲻ǵõ£ҲǺء
⻰һӼͷӦӸ𣬵˵İɣСԴЩ߰ģСĳߣҺõýǽ㣬ݣ֮ǰ
ԵĻ˼̬ȣĲˡ
ˡ˼ҹȢΪ𣬾һֱһ¡ôõĹңļ󣬻Լɣ
˿̣Ӽɫͬجеһ
ŵؿϱټһ׳ػ
һӣ˲Ӽᣬʣںδ
һеļƣȻȻĿǣ𶼿ȥˣæĲͽøŮ˫ȫءʼǸСиһЩСкǵĺӡ
֣Ҳ֪ΪĲ̫̫ûܡ
ǺĸȴȫʶأӡĲ硢㡱ĳƺϣԶ衣
ĲϱҪ˵̡̳ڼ˵ϲУӸԴǱжϳܵܡͬŵ׽ͬʦܶİ˰ģЦţͷ̥ŮˣӲ꣬Ƕܹԣ±˾ˡ
Цӯӯӣȫ֪ɷĵǣ֪ܵܵΣ֪ϧ
Ĳȴ˿
ãһ˫ŮǱĸɢţɺ֯Ůÿ궼ҪȵأദСӣٲϲԼҲɢһҵġĲ̤ʵʲôھͼʡúһֱ˵Լûҡ
Ĳ˫˫ȥкӡ
ץŻᣬԲӼ֪ʦﲻʹ죬Ȼʲô˼˵òã
ԣӼһ߸ϵĮɿߣҽ㣡ǽңҡ
ʮĴˣĿǣʵܰǿ˵ĳ嶯ޱ˵ͷ˵ĲأҪޡͳôӣôһˣٲҪһһˡʦ֣׼Һ˭ô



ʮ òϼ׶ɿڿֵҼӸ
ѴһڳӼָǡռʦñˡӲһޣݵΪһϢֹֻһ뷨ޣ߰ɣҲȥ
ͬʵĲޣͬʱԴӶԳʵϰߣԴڷĬһֳʣӼ᲻֪⡣Ӧԭͷ𣬸䡣
Ƴʦ»Ӽ᱾ܵˡֻ鷢̫죬ʱ̫٣ٵڡֻ˵֮Ȼ޷ƿء
һƬ
ı˶ԴԥֱءΪͣԭˤĻݣһ˳
ݵûأ龰ĲҦ˷׷Ц
Ӽ֣׼ȥˡ
ֻһǰֵܹ֣ʵûסһȥӼĸ첲
Ӽץ󣬰˴ӵק
Ĵϵĳݺݵص˲ӼһۣԶŤͷ߳ӡ
Ӽջ֣ԭһ
ʶУһգ߳ŭķӣɹؼ˲Ӽеĳ嶯
Ҫġ
ֻ֪ʦǮľ٣Ц˽յӼǰֻ˵ʦҪˣҵСʦʦܣҪඡ
ʦɵ֪ôʦô
ƽɵĲӼᣬߣмؼԺгҶʲôӣ
磡
ʦֳԿǮľٺѹŲӼȻǰֹסӼȥѰĽŲɵЦ׷ʣʦ֣㣬ղǳЦң԰ɣ
äҺЦǼЦ
յӵǮľ٣ȷԼĻһִ˻ͷشŲӼļһƶĲҴɩǽ㣬Բԣ
ӼûջشΪ˽Եӡ
Ĳ򸾣ĲҴɩ㡱϶ҸЦĲҴɩǶ̶ݵϿɣĲȻϲüңЦǣ˲ֹһܵܣǺüܵأм˵ĸоá뵽⣬һһǣźǰӵΣо˾ˡ
˾ˡ
Ÿ߸ϵĲӼᣬɺˡ˫һģһУȫǺ˷ܡ
˾˶ˣ˶֪ǮľǸĴ𰸣ŲӼĻӦӼֻǵͷӣӦ
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λСӣ鵽ϰɣ
ЩԾ
ʱɫָĸǮľٷŶʹʦֹˣԼҲöֶһǮľ˹˲ӼСһţ˵ٴΣͺ˵ʱƽĺӲš
λεؽ˱Ц
żһŶѣӼûۣһ˸󣬲ӼŸ֮ԣӣӦӣԡǽɣʼôѧôɱǰ׾
Ȼгģ
⻰һĲˣҦˣ֪ܵܣųɾûϴʵ̵⵽ޣʮ˴嶼ûôġ˿ẉ̂ûв˼߾ûùЦ߰ˣϰ˺ôɻ󣬽ڸһĶϡ
ûж
ǹҡ
ɵܵͬСʦ֮Ļ˻ɡܸһִεĴСʦܣ˺°ͣһҾ㣬ҺΡСģ񣬾񸣸統˹ֵľֹԼ˲һµģ
Ȼʶû̾ĵܵܣôദһദˣֻΪһʵᣬһˣ˻˵Ĺϵ
Сʦûжǹңòðĵܵܣ˲ɣ
ԽԽ̣ɫˡĲΪ뱻ЦúˣԼ˻׵ŵġŭӵܵܣĲ𣺡϶ǲǷʰˣ
˵ĲûȣůӡϧûܵůֻüëûĲ˵ǶĸȤݸҡ
Ҫ񣬻ҪӣæʹãЩīֽ⣬Ҳù
ķĸԺٸ㺢ġ
һǮӣһ˵һѾɵСӺֻּͷģСݸӼᡣӼӹ̯ģڳ֮˶ø
ĲΪС
СӡСҲСƴ󣻹ϸԲԼĪʳָô󡣸ҪǣǽɫģԭʶȻӡ
ӻһۣĲ˵ͷȫȨӡ
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Ҫϸ
Ӽȴʵ۸ںС⣬ĵģǮһˣֵʲô
ǮӲģ䲻٣Ĳһ¡
Ӽ񣬲Ӽ˵£Ժ£æҦС£Ҫߵġ
ܵܡ
ʱ̿ڣǸԴ浽ĵĬΣȴǵһνгĳƺ



ʮ ֳӣϼ׶ϵ輧ǰҴͼӸ
֣ӼڣӼɵΣ㡣
ĲӼᣬǲǵôǰ̣ҲʮЦҹл㡣
˱ܿңߵǽǣʵСʦܺͱͬأǲ
Ϊָָ̧֣ԼĶ䡣ֻտҲָŶǸָǼӡ
ܿˡӼʡ
Щ£Ҳࡣ
ȴǲ๵ġô˵ʱ򣬱ѵĲΪ˼εȥġ
Ӽ᲻ֻĿŵ¶ãֱߣҪżѼڣ֪ǷǡĲҾ˽㣬˽֮˸мҲûǶԱ˵ġ
̲ţǳЦţԿЦĿǷʣûУΪβ򣿡
Ӽֱ׳˵˵ұģ˵һ˰۰Լˣܺɫĵܵܣмˣ
ͬŤı飬̼ἰŮ֮ʱͬı顣룬˰ɣһûסû۽ȴˮ
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ʲô׽㣬ӼҲ
̵ʲôŮӲҿϱͬǸŮӣҪغ˲С
ԭӼ˶٣ˣôҰҪءҵأ
ŮӾͺã˿˾䣺˭
ʦĳŮȿңʦҴӺ̳ġ
ʦһңܺã
һ㣬Ӽʮֿ϶˵˸ǡ̲ôţӼԼղޣΪý㰲ģ˵˼䣺ʦҵо٣ʦĸڸ˸ӣʦüġˣһֱΪˡţԺҹţ˱Ҳ
ôվũҵԺӰĶ󣬱ǹӽԶҲǽǽֹ
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̸䣬űΣ˵ʱҦӣΪλһƵΡ
Ҧ˵ֺǮľ飺޵ĻǰǲǿһЩ
ܺãʶܺá
ףһһǮѣʣöȱʳסķıСɼͻʵĽֻǣɩӱ̫ϣϾСĵӱͷ꣬òˡ
ҦȲֻʣͶòҪͷſԣ
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ɤǷſ˵ģˣĲҵҲˡĲ̫үǺˣһϼƣԴӵԼ⡣
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Ĳ̫үЦǺǵ˵ɣҰסգͷţõǡ
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Ӽǰû͸عã֪Ǹ˹õļֻΪԼѣίʦãҪΪʦóڵĻȴǡ
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ҦֱⲻУûأû񡣡
Ҳ˺ü˽ӵˣ£
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УĹӽԣûʦǰ㸻Уǵ⵽ֻǸǣҲǡ˺α˾ࣿʵҪͣԵģҦʦܶТһЩˡ
ǡ
𸽺ţͬӽʦͽһĵģӼУôᡣ



ʮ ˣϼ׶ȵҴͼӸ
֪ϺԺޣֵ֪Ӽ˽Ъϲ̳ڣĲ̫үһ󣬶ԲӼ᣺⺢˵öԣһˡԺȱˣҺӾҲȥԺꡣĻӽǣҺ˵ȥ
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æĲˣ˵ġ
ȡ⺢ӻ˵ģ㣬ԼˣŲҪϴϱǵôǰ£ôѧʣĵܵҲ͵ԺҲĵġ
˵ˣҲûɶÿأֱ˵ģҲİ
Ĳ̫үסʣ⺢ӲĸɶӴ
ӽЦѡ
һۣĥôڡ
ʵǣҦСһѾɶˣһɫĶҦСֵӵģ꣬꣬ϺԺʲôͱʲôסӵλã
ɻô˵أ룬Ĳ̫үͣĲԺ٣вˣ̫ˣǰʦֵܣŲšǺ⣬óȻĲ绻Ժţ߹ͬʧˡ
ӽΪ˸ĴָƼûӦȴ΢΢𣬺õӡ
Ӽȥ̡
̽˵ĻܹܵСΪͽ͸ȻϵǴǰܵˣ
뵽⣬˵СʦܷģѾԡδɽֻĵͷ룬ĳɼɣţʵָһţǸóġ
֮⣬ĲȥϺԺûţϺԺû£治ǴʦֵĽ㣬һġ
ͬӵˣĳЩǿԹġ
ֻû֮⣬ЦĻ´ʱҪúøлĲʹˣлл˸öӡĲģָĲֳɵġҼҴʦ֣𣿡
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ǮľάԼͽܣڣСףڴö࣬ٹ꣬һ룡
ϺԺʦͽǣЦţĲ̫үûףګګţʲô˼⵽ҪǲҪ
Ӽվ˳Ĳ²ż¶ۡͬһǣҺ
ӻܽʮš
Ӽ˳⻰Ĳܼһͬ黻Ժһ¼ɡ
Ĳ̫үЦǺǵô˵ҾˣãҲЩ˵㣬òˡϴҵģܵʵ
Ӽٲÿһ
ĸ𷢳ӽòӼĲ̫ү֮ʣʦǸŶʲô˼
źۼˣ޿ӽԣûʲôػشţпʦҵˣϲɺءԼһ֣ʦֵһ𣬵رϲʵֵáŶ
ǰɣҲף
һǣӽԽʦôŵһֵζ
ʲôζϵ
ζӽǻش
ӼƼ˶˺Ĳ̫үĿףһѧԵӸҦСʮȥμѧԡͬһĲһĿڲĲ̫үϳĲ̫үԼ󣺡ȥϲʮͽһ;˵仰
Ĳ̫үǽϴңʦܵϴҵĴźӣͬһ
˳⻰ӼѹӽߵǮľٵĸϣѸӳൽԼĸݡ
͹ӽԶԸ⣬κǮľΪô㻹Ǹң쳣ᶨִ˲ӼѹӽϵԼĸݡޱȰԹ˲ӼĳȫһԲĬĬҴʦֺͽ˵Ĺ˵ҵĵεΣ˵Ҵĺá
ⲻ֪ģʹӸҵÿһ˵𣬻˵ͷϡ
̷ǳȻ˵Сʦþ㣬ֶôãһϲԲԣʮ˰ɣҪҪһЩأϲʲôǮ࣬͸͵ġ
ǳؽӻ㰡ұŹùùøȥأһزġ׼Щء
̱Ц
һ·˵˵ЦЦ֣ϲ̳ǡһһΪƽĿջҪ䷿ֿϢ
һסõĿջĲܿסնЦе̣ҧָڼžĺҹһĨ졣
֮Ĳ̫ͬүȥԺĲɣʮĲŵջӼͬһ̸Ĳͬ˵Լľ
ȥϺԺ
ȥҪԺҾƶͬ顣
ֵһգӼ˴γţϺԺѧԵӡջ񲻴صԺգϡϡ˱򵥵ؿ˹淢Ӧӡ
ȴһʮһˣϺԺʽˡ
ڵأȻĵһվ



ʮ 
ϿʼϺԺĴչΪ˽ʡʱ䡢ԼõȻֲиáη׶ΣӼֱӴƸʦͽϣҺͶʦ곤һЩƱҪֿ
⻰е
ĸȻᣬӼǮľô˶ʮǸˣͬʮĸ͹ӽ޻˵ں˭һ飬л˵Ҹʦְɡ
һΣòӼ˵Ǯľٱʾܾ֪ҹСʦܺһҹˡɣͲһȵġˮ׼ԣҪӽԡ
ĸζӡ
ӽЦòˣϺԺˣ̫˼ˡȼˣȱԺˣ˼ˡ취һβǣӽתԽ
һסϺԺĿͷôңĴߣĩ˵ͽ뿪ҲģҲϤǸӼ䡣ǰڸס£Խ㡢ǻӼᣬ¡иͤӣȥҸ㽲¡
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治֪αһҡ˵š
ЦͶˡǼ˰ٶԼĲ㣬ģǼƵġڰңǰӼʱǶûֻˣúһЩҪҾõı𣬾ǹԼСӡ
Ӽæ̸Ҫ鷳ֻǷĲ£ܵʵʵӰˡʵʦɰƤʦãǸΪõϡ
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ʦáǸԺӣһʱ̲б˼㣬Ҫô
Ӽ᲻ˣǲδ飬δȢҵӽ㻹˽⡪㲻˽Ҳң˴Ҵã
Ϊ˽㣬Ϊǲ
ǰֵκãСʹϻ۵㣬ԵڼϺɣҪĶֻҪлᣬǼ켸޲˯Ҳ취õ
ȻӵġˡʵģǶ𱨡
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ƴѹ̹ǳǳЦʲӼ᣺㣬˵ĻԸšԸ𣿡
Զ׼Ĵ𰸺ôӼ̵̣ǿ£ش𣺡šǽƭңҲŽΪҺá
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ɵȫмɵģ
²Ӽῴֹ࣬סˮһ㷽ô˵Ǹңϲ˵ʲôģôʹһ䡮ôͿء˵䡮˭޵˵ʰȥùΪЦ𣿡
ĽܾԼΪƣɲǻ˵ˣĲԽ˵ɣƾޱӵĴҲۣԣӼƱ磺ڿޣ÷Ŀޣôʦأٿޣż޵ʱҡ
ΪԬ۵ıѣʦ޹ԼΪʦóͷģʮޡ
ͣƬ̣Ӽϣһԣ˵
̷
ҪôͣʱҲҪҪֻ˵̬أ
ܵܺѽ̰ǲǿŽһ̵ܵܵˣ



ʮ 
ӼûӣΪûӣ޷֪ʲô̲֨ˣΪԼ˵˽㣬˵˽İţտʼϸأҺʦһ飬ʦܺӽһ飬ȴϿʼû취ȥĴߡ
ôϵĻʱ͸ʦ˵
룬ЦӯӯطʣôæĻпչңĸأԺҲ죬Ŵûﻹ£Һ͸ҲöһأԺûһȦʵϧʦһȥˣɺã
Ժʲôÿģ
ţӼҲ˳
ֳɵĽڣɫҹǺܶˣҪĴȥúú˵˵ǡ
ӼΪѧգһͬǡ
㲻ǵ𣿲֪ιһôһһأҸ¿ҲҪǮ˼ҽڼˣôǮ
Ӽỹ治֪ж
иȱӵĶʦܣиոˡĲʡʦáȱӣ޸СЩȴ˶ٶǮ͸޸ˡ˽鲻˽⣬ϺԺֲûˣءؽ㣬ӦƳ١
ѧŸԺϱʮˣϱ
ձϦ㲻ʮգǰҰˣʱϣȷʵЩ޷ֻŵܵٷһ㣬ڽʮദС͸ͺá
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ӼǸܵĵıһ㣬Ǯľٵġ
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Цһ룬Цס˵öͰôϸ壬ͷһ档
Ĳֻ֪ǸпǽСӺʦǶڣ⻰Ե˼ˣæڡ
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ݾͺ˲ٴֵܴڳԷԣǳŲסũˣûĵײ̤ʵ
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̽ŸʢĹްġ˼Ҿṳ̂ʵɼǵͬĴ󺵣Ǽܳȥ˼ҰӣŶȹ˻ꡣ˵꣬ôģ

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˵ʵԭɻͦ۵ģ˵͸ˡ
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ǻʦѾǾˣҲǡʦƣԼҵʳͼڸҲǺϺԺլʱԸǵԭ򡣼֮ʣʦŪʳҲʱ֪СѾͷҳ֮ҲţҪ¥
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ڣܽ֡Ĳ컹δڣѾľǮľ٣ĲүӵҪ£ھ˵صĲʱζȶʳˣ̫ˣ۵ԡ
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Ӽޱ˵ԵɺǮľٷǳģֲ˵ԺĲҵĻŭŲӼðǣʳ
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ί̵ܽ׼ǲǵôǰΪż׬Ǯȴܻһ֮ѹú



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ԸĲүӵӡ󲻴áСӿײϲٷ档
˵ҿ϶óԺúȹţƷѾƷˡţôԵģͲˡ߶䣬Ǿʳߵģ
ʵʾĲүӲĶǸʹˡ
ǰȫ⺢Ӳһҵܵܵľˡ
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ĲүӶô˵ˣݣҲϣ˵ġ
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ȫһԼϱ̬ȣ˵ӼᣬǮľҲôӵؿ˲ӼһۣȥӼס

˵꣬Ӽ̣Ĳŵظ˹ȥӼῴûֱӶ̵ˣҾ͸߽㡣Һܲҵ˽㣬ͲԿۣҶжұ߾ȫرάģ޹ء
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ʵʵ˵ʦ֣ҪʲôҾٺĲദûǿҹƲþ
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º󣬻ƺӶദ̣Ͼ̩Ϣлׯ֮ʣֵ֮ʱ



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ǣǸˣԼԸ͡ʦûƷľ٣Ǹܾ˿ϣ˵ܾܺ˵ϻôܾ⣿



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һʱ䣬φδҳӽԡ
ӼɨһȦ˸ˣӽأ
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Ӽφȥ䳡ȥˣ
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ӽԶźˮţֱЦеص˵ַˡҿĸ۵ַˣʰ
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Ż׳ĹӽԣˣɴܣСֻܸɿˡ
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ͬ۵㣺ֲŲףս鷳ʦߣҵһ˵ĶΪҪðʱ
φûżǰףһһطֱš



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ӼȴφԼĵôڣԴ͵㻹Ҫã
φֻûǳǳһЦЦݺ͹ӽм񡣲Ϊ곤ǳЦйɻİݣȹӽԵЦ˶ˡµʲӼ᣺Ժôκִݣ
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ӼԣƤӲģ
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ˣφȴͬӼֱ磬ֻ˵죬ӽҲôߵġ
˵꣬φȺӽԡ
ں͸СֹĹӽԣʱһ飬׼رφ˫ֺʮдʣһ˻þĽ򣡡
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ǮľںϺԺֲڴˡ
˵ǶʦֻطãҴʦǧ㶼ԣҪڷáںǰȾơ㼰ˣǿɻû
ԼҲǸӰɡôφûжӳԷʸ𣺡Ӽ˵СӽԵʦ֪С



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¹Ů䣬Ϊ˸󡱣ҾͻشôǺһЦ׼תƻ֮ʣӼص־٣Ҫʡ
ά֮ôԣφͷԶáͻϸǾޱݵῴ˿̣Ǹ߸ϵĸ꣬ǵȱʺ󣬲δ⼺ģȴǰˡơΪʶφܿģ٩˲Ӽһ䣺û뵽Ҳʼˡ
ѾµӼͬφǾʶ⻰ãǮľȴǲ֪֪Ĳ࣬ĸ٣ʣ䣬ֱφ˽ʹʦִǰʶ𣿡
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Ŀޣ⣬ǧզ֮࣬ŹӽԴȤˣ
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ˡˡۣȻܿġɵиΣաߣŰʱɨһȦ
ʦֽŵؿŴʦ֣ʦֵ۵ԽφӽԣφأЦɫǫ͵ֳһ㣬οÿųɳ˲ٵĵܵܣӽԼϴд˸֣͡
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οֻǸʮꡢĸ˳С˼أѿڶʦܣʦ𣿡

ӽֻǰ䣬һʱԺֹȴΪʱ
ϺԺߣ֪ϸǮľ٣ֻշĽ¶ɱϢİ𣬽ǰȲ裻ңղŰ˶ˣǵմ֪Լϸġ
Ӽձ͸ֲ˳ֱĲǣң˶ԷֻǸСض˵ʦã
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Ǯľɱȥɵ㶵˻ȥʸ𣺡ʦܣʦָղ˵ǣ԰ɣҲһǹң
֪ǽ˳ڣǱŵǮľɳƺΪʦܡ
φޱȺڡ
ܰ˸ŮΪʦ͹ͬ
ӦҵСӵģҵˣղҲӦӼģȳԷڣֻ̾ϢţԲӼҸ˵ĵطɡ



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İίɸί±ʯԺķ㹻ﻹʰ
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ӼһӦǣʦҪ뿪Լ
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ŪըëĲӼᣬ˵ͷſھľ٣кǧȴǧȥʯԺңͬʦøЩԵġ
˵ֱ꣬ŲԸĸ뿪
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סʯԺĵλʦּʦǸɽŮʦ֡ʦؼҳ£δ顣ͬĽһҲǸ᲻뿪ϱġ
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ˣǴʦϲĹǴʦҪˡ



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Ӽϸֱ˵ʵʱûע⸵ı仯벻ȻԱԭ򡣼ȻϹʻȻҪʵףʡԼٿĪɫ
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ӼԽԽЦҪȴʦ˵
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φŴ̬ȣְֶա
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ۿԼͲӼ֮Сľ룬Ӽȴƣǿ֣ץס˸ϸĸ첲ʾܾģ˴קϡ
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մҵģ֡
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Ӽò֪˵ʲôãǿ˳嶯תݣԸ˵
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ʵ֮ˣõķӣǾͿá
ԣôˣӼφǿˣҪڲ˵ľ뿪һͬ˵Ҳɡ
ֲԲУϵĺͲӼṲһңͬӻֺ󣬸ŲӼʯԺߡײϵĲԿǶôˬϸԴвĻʲôҪ£ҷ˵㻰ֲûɹ
еӽʷ
˵ֱ꣬ӵţȫ˯ˡ
ӽԴв졣
Ϊ֡ӼᣬǷȻƸΪȫӡϸ˿ӽŷ֣ûǹѱ쳣ɡ˲Ӽ͸İԣȤظŷʵյֱ̬˸ˡʦʲô
ƾ׷ʣǲֱӼýΣû˵
̨ϵĲӼᣬȻѹԹӽԵһʦʰˡ
ʼռŲӼǴħͷĹӽԣҡҡͷضǡǣʦһ١ٶʦ˵£˵ͨġ
ᣬ׶ڲӼ˵ּҸһͿ֮ʣֻҪߣצͬڣҸ¡ȴĸܣؿ˹ӽһۣ˸ۣʦһɵӡ
ȷ˲ӼԸĸ飬Ҳȷ˸ġ񡱣ŶԸȥǲ㲻䡣
룬һȫǡԺŮӡŮ١רսסĹңвӼȢؼңһȢѹԱ֮£ԼֻǲŮûθߵŮƽȡĵزʵ̫ˣ
ӼῪʼΣһδ꣬ҲӼ᣺ˡ
ʲôȴû˵
Ӽ⣬ڹӽԺͷ֮ѲȦҽһνԨԻ֮У֮أΩǷ򡯣⡣
ǣ
ԭЩʧĹӽԣһ⣬ֱӷˡ٣֪ȥơʼȲӼʱûҪ档ǲģҲֹסԶ򸮵ĹӸ磬ݻǺܺõġ
άķǳЦ
֪ʱ𣬰ڣʶˣΪе⡣ԣҶĳ谮ǣʲôʲô֪ԭҲû⣬Լڡ
ֻһ˲ôΪǸ˽Уӽԡ
Ӽ᲻֪ѧõ£߳ȥʮԶŵ˵ɡ
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Ӽףȥŷһ£ȥҸմ׼
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ȥ˺ͰֻʣׯϵմֲʧѺõЦţͣôˣҳС˻õĳֵġһʮ˵ģЩۡ
ңˣմ֮ǰʲôģ
մʲôûʲô˵ġǸŹţҾǹߵ裬ͳ¡ֻҪ˵ֻ߶żˣʣĶū澵ĻƼɡ
ҲҪĿڣƺΪ裿
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Ū׺󣬸ʦϸˣʵûҪģǾССССӾͺˡ
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һԸõŮŸšմﲻ̧ͷ֮ʣһɨƼϸӰʱ˼ʱˣֱӵô
һһʮһ Ը
մｹԲ֮ʣ֪˵⺢ӣôֱˬ̲סϲ
׽
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Ľͣ״̬֪˿̫̫˵ŮԽͻݺͶ£ԽԽ̫ƽ
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֪ͬûô죬֪ȻҪϣǣ˳֪˵ĻЦкóԵģҿģΪóԵǷ˸ģررģͷʲôʱð
һ̰ԵСģ֪ϵЦۼʵ˼֡ʱմ˿ȣ״˸˵Ķ
Ļδ˵꣬æ֪˵һֱǵ÷˵ҳͷ£ȥһ׼˸һֱ͸أա裬ȥȡ
֪Ц֣ͣ󣬶ߵŮ⻰ˣҪһӣ
Ҳû£ġڼҾ룬˾ţ˳ŵ˺ܶˣҲһһ굽ͷ˼ţֻ˷һ˵ĳŵġ
Բѵ˵
ȥ⸮£ʶûʸͻȥȥ˿⸮ģûʶһµġСֱӱԡ
ֱ׵Ľӽʵûһ˿֪Īһɣ͸ˡ
ǰϲĶ

Ȼ򣬵ǲǺȷͷĻеԭ͸֪˵ģ˹˼ӼġȻôʹҲܹˡ
Ҳϣô죿ʦ־ôһӣҲ浽ϡ
ѹذѹ˦Ӽᣬڵȷʱ򣬱֪ͬ˽˵淨ͬãѾ߶̻ˡ
̵棬֪Ц㲻Ѿߣ͵ýǸã
ԣ˸󵨵ļƻƲϣ棬Ҳ㰡һԼĺͼΰԸأ
ˡͼΰԸ
Ȼֻ֪Ц㻹кͼΰԸ˵
ƫ˵ҺͷֻǷѣܸ߷ˡ
˵䣬ˡ
õĳյȷ߳Աߵͷ壬ĺãǰİɣ㱾ζһ㣬ӼɺܺãŴźó԰
ŷﻹ߶ţȻܲأԶôʳ֪˲ԾأƷĲȡ
֪ߵ˼ˣȫһ
ù緹֪ԺߡõĺԺȦҲʮɣһ׵ľ롣˲֪ת˶Ȧֱ֪˺ۣ˲ͣϴµĳг֪û˶һƣ˯˹ȥ
֪ߵ輤ֱĨᣬ֪˵˯˺Ůϸţͬȥá
һмضԸūлﲻ֪Ѱ³Բ¶˯žûٳԣ˯ˣūŵģһ㣬
û֪ôˣָֻͷһҪ˯ܾˡɫȴˣһóǻؼءɺã
⵹ʵ顣
Ӧˣմ˿ӸæлֻжǮҪƴǣҲҪ١лͷֱӸһĶˡ
˵˼ɱǲӣ֪ܳԷ˯һ㣬ҲȰ֪˽ġ
뵽⣬ӣл
ȥ󣬵һʱҲӼᱨ˵һյг̣֪״̬ãҾã˳֪ʲô¡
Լã
ٵŮĵ£ǶӾǷ֪˵ӶϣǶ£ֻȥʰӵģûڼġԣӦ֪ˡҼǵôʦǰ˵֪ͬ˹ϵ񣬴ֲˡ
˲顣
ȲӼʲôգ֪Ӹ𡣽նˣϣ˲˵걾º֪˺Ȼʸ𣺡СǻֻǷ𣿡
µҪʲôƫֻèһװɣЦеسϣֹˣֹˣǿ˵ܶ໰ѣ
ܸңġԸ˰ɣ
֪˲Ƕ룬˸Ը



һһʮ ϳĴ
Ҹ߷ˣ˲Ҫ߱ˣ֪˶Ҫ˵ϸ󣬸֪˶ߣҼԺεģϺԺҵƹ£ĴԺΪõԺеԺΪʥѧ֮͵˽Ժ
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䲻źۼȴ˲ۼһֺۼӲڣ˹άΪˣԵһ׮ýΪԭҲЩֶȢ֮Ů䲻ŵԣҲûôԶǡɽڽϣűýԵġ
ͬ˵ֲҺʹ˵Ǹңкã֪˲ʡ
ЦΪҿϵǷ㰡
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ͬӼὲ֪˵ķӦЦر𳩿죬ੲݵ˵ʦ֣㲻֪ʱ˷˿ҵ񣬻ƿӡҪǣңţҲܹΣһˮģ
ӼᱻȾΪ˼޷һָ֡оȽ⣬ʸ𣺡ù˷ͬʲô
Լ¡Ȼ˵ӼûͣȫڸĸôŮӡ
ӼĿࡣ
ֵСʦôС͵׬ӣŬ飬ôרߡţһ׼ӼϸһԼӲֵ£ʦҪæģʮޡ
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˵ķṦΰһ㣬ûģҲܺãһҪһ£̫ҿֲڷĶԣ̫ںӽˣŬž֪ˣȥô꣬ӣӷˣҲǳҶϾԼϵǷƫʱԭӦúһ֪˱ˣʴˡл֪Ѱ»ҵûᣡ
ƶ֪ˣʱĽʱϾӼƵĳŮԪԪʮоţعˡǣżֻһŮѳޡ֪˶תת˽˹
ͬ뱲ӵķϵǱԼ곤ꡢ˲ԼĹѸ谮˻ܡ˷˳Ųסûʧ
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ס÷Ŵʦֲ٣ʦͣԵĿɲң
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ȴĻжˣ⼸û׸ָж͸ɽ̫̫ãһġκθ˲ϧ͸ж縵ĸ
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ҹӼ¬ϸ˹˷˵˼ʹϵ֪˷˲֪ˣһںԺĶӣһ֪صĶӣλֵܺ󣬷þ£пɽĹپ죬ֻҪʦ˵Լ뿪ҲӦⲻ
ճ𣬽£ӼٴԼС͡Լ
ŮѧԣŮҲԣŮѧڡ
û뵽Ӽôͬ⣬ЦſһͨòӼޱ泩ôһ˳йɴ
˳ʦãƺͦõġ
¶ʮφӽԺͷͬ˸
Ӽֶ֮ʣŷ߶߶չ˺ϣУҺ˵ģҳŵһӽһ㿴ˡ
ֱφƿͬҸ𣺡ʦַģ㽻ҵģҶˣʦ֣ʳΪΪɣҿŵ㣻磬õĺǣˣǣŬѧϰҺܿͻ
˵źܿĸֱ¸Զ󣬲ֻصϺԺһȥǰꡣ
꣩



һһʮ 
ʮţǸסԶĿͷʮˡ
һˣ³ŴӳŽ֮ʣԶǡӵʤ뿪
ɹŽ߾ԭܱuף˵һ纮Ҫϡɽദ֣ݲ㣬ֻܲݳԶʱΣҪٵǮǰ˴ߡ
ȷϢφѶ˶һۣת빬վʹһǧӪĻǹ֣֧ԮԶ
Ůӵݽĸ
δԶһφֻ˵ϺԺɽ֮ŮφߺҽһĹӽԣѺŲÿ춼Ǿƣƣ壬ȥͷǰգ࣬һֻֽʣæȥ
ϺԺЩ˼ر͹ԼӽԲµҪʲôԼС˰Ѷ˹Ѿϸźţˣ㵱治Ÿˡ
ӽԳ겻ڼңڼҶԺԺҲûôϤ֪ʹѾߣĩȵСѾߣȸСΨһ곤ӣҲǸõġͬʮ죬Ժ֪ڵһںġŮǡ
ԶһNMͨ
Nֵ̺ͨѾߣڳģֻ֡ԣ˹ӽԵճĽ㣬˼Ĺ⣬ʣŮ֪Ρ
֮ǰԶŮ𾴣֮󣬹˼Ůðӽͷ㡢֣壬Լ塣
ԣφƺΪܡ
˼ң˼˵ŶҲ渻󣬰СѾͷӲ֪Ļ˵кüʮ٣˵ЩٶҲûʲôðôĺӣʳס⣬ʣȢ׵ʱ򣬶ָǧûкòã
˵ôӣÿķˣ緹õģҲһһˡͦ㣬ִ󣬼䲻óԡ
ԵһٵʱѾˣҲˣ
һشǣū澲֪ūǵķˣͷԣȴֻ˺̲ˡ̲ͣˣ·
𳢹̲ˣԶԵ̡֣
Ѿ˺üͷĸеĶӣ±ʣ˸ſϿϣͷѩܰףѩҲ䣬ĸܲžš
ԺŴ򿪣ȥȡзӣ̤ѩܶ࣬ȴֿտա
ӽݣûô£ȶһСѾͷȲůӡ
Ĳ裬ǹӽģ˵ʮһԸ˵һһĲҶʮһĲҶûɶ𡣵Ѿ߾úãԼ˺ȡƫѾ븮ʱ̣ػպϣͨ𲻷˶Һȵġ
ⲻ𷢻ˣŸӵ˴յ
ӵлһͬϷ˵Ϸˣżס˽˽йҲȥһˡ
Ų϶أȥϷŤ˵ģԳ·㲻Ҫٸţռܵ
Ҫǣû尡
ԣֱӵȥطһ˵ҲͲȥˡգˣҲѰͷܾǣʡΡ

ӣ㿴ңҿ㣬ӦС
̾Ϣˣͷ̫䣬ҲšҪǣҺǲһҪʶ⸮ˡ
ԵʣֱӴſǻ𣺡װз֪ˣūᱻġഩһЩͲˣū澸
ˣ˵˷йȥ˺󣬶ȻԷġĲɫɱǿˡ
һԵķˣɷϣĶˡ
ѣ
ѣǲӼðҪ׼ģ㹻
˵ʹһյ裬ûѾ߰æȥ·ˡϴǺЬľ죬޷ͷƷӣɫӣͷжᱡů͡
Ժǰ˷ߵȡůڵˡǵˣǵˡ
λ˸װ磬ǰһЦǰӭˣ˹㵽ˣ˴ˡ
ڣǼ鼴
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ź䣬λ֪ɶɶ裬߿С裬ͷʲô£
ˣͰˣʲô£
йҽʮˣʲô塣һͬ˵أ⸵ûϵǱҪʳ޷ѶԵģٽʱǧҴʦһǧأ
֮ǰ𲻱ԹΪԹûáڣȻҪʲôΪԼȡѵŶôοʦĸφһǧӣ



һһʮ Ϊ
ӭλ裬Ǻ˵ŮΪ˺վȵλ޸򸮴ܹ֮ӣԺܹܹΪޡǹӽԼˣҲǴһġŹӽԷǽţ͸˵ףԭûҪ֪үΪλүԣԾû޽򸮣ܼ޸
˵ͷ˶ʵˣôỳأ
뵽⣬æϷҺͺѶճıֻʣүˡ˰үڷңܿүܿЩţϷ˲ڣͽżҵĹүǰϣȻ˹ˡĺūֹ˼䣬ù
Եʰǿ϶ҪģӦšŶԣͷûء
Ƿ֪ܲܰæԹôɣ
һߵͷһСĽӣ·մǼү͵մ͵ӣ̫˲ˣүճ˫ȫ˳ӣﲻˣ
費֨ɫ䣬תߣǻȥͷ˴киõ⣬Ͳˡ
æסǸգҲͷҲ֪ġūﵱ治ϲүһʱˣй￴ˣ
⻰Ҳ̫šˡңҪӽʲô뷨㰡Ȼϲҡ
˵úöԣԶԡ
ūǷ˵ޡ
һͬԺ;УҪԼϸ߸𣬸㱻ϣֻ費˵ôϸҰӽԣ޹ءãҲϷ˿ͷ
ȻУǹ͸ϸ
ȷʵã÷ˡίһΣ
Ȼơ
ͬǶ˼ҵŮӣ˻ǽ귽ҵḶ́ûһСѾͷ۶أ˵˼Ҳú򸮶ôЩŮ

֪룬ŮĴСѾͷŸĶ񣬸õŮȥ˱𴦡
󷿣ˣͷλ׵̫̫ʮλͲͬŮӡǹ֮Уӽôۡ
ͬϷˡ˼ֶԹ˼ҵĹǼɻϷϡ
ӽæߵǰΪ󣺡ʦãĸλѵģżҵıá
ʦáƺø¶ڡؿŹӽԣ̫֣СôȰҽܣ
ӽһԴȻ򣬾ִٵضϷ˵СçײˣĸԭʦǸɽĶŮԺȽܳ裬ϺԺ䱦ⲻʱ򣬴ʦָĽһǧӣѾˣʦǮҵ֧ĶүԼӡ¸ʦá
Ѳ˰ϣõʦֵǶʦֵģֲãοʦ˵Ʋ¶ٿһȥض״ġ
ӽæСһͨǸ˵ϷˡϷ˵ˣǺ˶סˡ
ӽԣ㣡㡪
ԶָŶ˵Ϸ˾һЩŭӽԣӽԣжӲ
ӽжӲҵĽڵǰַҹĶǰġʦǰһ˿Ӳõġ
˵ֺ꣬õؿ˸һۣΪǸʦáĳƺٶڱУ㲻һˡԶ˷ԼŲסˣʶӣ˽Դһ뿪ȥνϺԺΪ˺ҵô
𲻽趨͵⻰ˡӽԭҪؾģС£Ҽҹ¾Լ˵ҪŸҼҹȥĸҡǼҶжҪҷСˣûľ˵ˣ
˵ʣͬӽ˵ǺϣֱӰ
ϷҲǲ֪ͷо£æʡ
ӽŽ˼䣬ֻ˵ڷҵʱҲѺ䣬ˡⱻ˾˺һǿԺģʹűͷ˼ȥϺԺ
ճСӲϲ䣬һյ£ǴСûϲԴˣϷҲû취˼л˵˼Ҳ˵ӣֻԸ㻹ᡣЩ֮ǿסġ
𵱼СϷ⻰ʲô˼ҸҾ˵Ҫ˭Ļ⾩ҲûдĵطϷ˼ӳԿʰˣ
˵꣬ǲ˺䣬ܲ˵ߡ
ӽԼˣԸѣŮӦ˹ץҲ׷ϸ𣬾˸ϣƫ𻹲Ҫһ·߳Ժ
˾þòܻ
ڡ



һһʮ ల
ãͲˡϾĺ䡣
һȥ·˵˵Ը󣬸֪عػͽܣ·ң𣿡
ٲԸҲڼҹ򣬶ҡ˵꣬ӽʸ𣬡ʦôڣǰңҲֽͬˣⲻˡ
ͲˣͬǼֲһ·ˣ໨˷ʱ䣬
ûϰľ죬˵Żһֱֳõٶȣ䣬һȣ෽㣬ӽڵһб
ӽؽ˽ס˸ѻ
ͬڲӼļʵӽԵΪٺϰ䣬ӲѵûţƺʦֵĻ뷨ȻϽͷƲվȣѿڶľǣдʦ֪ˣͲˡ
ӽԲǶ㱣Ļɢһɶ
Ӽʲô˼֮ǰһ£̫ԡӽԾԼʦһ£ʦ᲻һ㣬ӹɵǣȥĺ
ˣʦˣʦˤˣҡӽ˵һ

𲻺Ц˳Цѩ
Ц󣬸ôǣ˵ǰ費ɣô
ĳ̶ֳȣӽԺ͸ľһġԲӼάʸ𣺡ʦ֪ʦ⣬Ϊλô̹Ȼңֹ̹Ȼбʲô˵á
ⲻǷϻôʦֲֳǲ֪ôˣճҷƢʱȷʵȣҲΪҺáҴӦģܹҪһԡܳΪޣҲܶġᣬȴʯɶҡ
Լͷġֵܡ飬ӽĬ
ߵסĿԺһ£ͷҸңҪŰ¡
ӽ㼸ʱţȥĸǡ
ӣԼԭͲɣĹң´Ұæշѣ
ʹʦֵˡʦĿǰԼ뾩ͲҪԼŵ
ӽԲ˼ЦЦ
ǰй򰡡
գӽˣһλԼʮĸˣ󲨶
ȥĸ밲֮ʣĨᣬٲһĸôˣĸ
ֵܵҪӣҾ֪Ҫ˸õģ㲻ͬ⡣֪ţ˸˳ȥ
ǷģȴҪδӷõģҲӡȥûвģŴ˷һֲ
ӸˣȻԼ⣬ο˷ˣ²ŽţӸܵüкηͬ˵ӣͷˣȻĸϰ䡣Сôϣʹĸʲô˵ģ
˼÷ѾˣǶ˼ҵĹΨһŮȻȱЩ
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Ϊ˷ֹңӼֹȻѣһѾһڣòӼЩѳֲס

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룬ϺԺΪĿԺ
⸵𣬵ܽĹѫ
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⸵𣬵ܼôһͽܣ
ںԺԬۣһ¡Ҫ֣ҪˣԼǼ
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Žͱ뵽鷿
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ӽǰԶʣö˹ȥд֡ŮӢ
ӽԺЦŸϷʵ֣Ҫ͸ʦġ
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겻˼Ӷ䣬ǾͲʦЦ
Զ˵ĻͶӣʵǰЦʲô
Ӱƺ⣬ԳͽӲ⣬Լû˽̺ãЦܿ޲ɣ
Ŷ֪ĸֲǸģ
˸Լ鷳ԲȵģҲҪүҲ
һ̾ϢԶԶ˵ĸ֣ϸӣ˳ʵǰڣϷЩ
ӽԼһ˲ԼĹ۵㣺ⲻӾúܺá̫ʢһգҲܰǡ
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ԶɫȴЦ⡣մȴǸϸĺӵܣóӷģϣ⺢ӴδͿĵմӣõĵմӡ
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Զףţʼٸߡǡ
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ԶŶʹ֮ȭ𰸲Զ
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ӽԵһĿŸ
ĸ˵˿ȴϲ徢ʮ㡢Ÿɵˡ֪û뵽ô
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ӽŵö㿪һԶϾֵı飬ȵ֪ǹһֲ
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۴ԡԵͷŮһŮ֪볯͢ʷ£¡Ϣ͹ӽԷҲ˲ϳˣԶ飬Ҫ˰ųҪ¡



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Ϊһֱ߶ҪȥģҵĴҵĴ
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ӽϴŷ˵棬ȴ˵Եʡ
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Ĺֻһۣ
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ֻöˣȥæ緹ˡϳʽԶڹһˣȺﶼֻ֡˵үǱߣֵһۡ
Զɫصص֪ˡ̧Ž˹



һʮ ܲ
һӣԺܵ͡Ŀܣӣѹһҵڶ˵ԷûҪ÷Ը˭ԬǸ𣬵ҦǸϻйһŮӣ
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ԶѾһˡ
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ŵǸ˳ˣ˼ŵǸݾ͸ˣʵѰˣ
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֪ȽǴ˼ҡ
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һѧɽɫЩʼ߶һңôԼôԶ·Ӽأæͯƹأݵģ֮ǰӸŰ
ͲͣĸɽͷӽԡܾԼŮԺһݣʡӣයˡǺԼȫ෴ĸ׽ɫӽ̲סɽʹʦ˵һůɽ
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ӽԲ˸𾯸棬˵ɽεĻ
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һʥʥأοˣȽүʸ𣺡ǹ˼ʶһ𣿡
⵹ǡĸǽ귽ҵˣ֮ͬϱǺѡ
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ȽүȻϱ˽÷Ů÷֮ͨãֱҶ֪¡ĹϵǲóˡȽűЦŶԸɽϵܣͬ󣬱˴ΪľһĲǡ
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Ƚҵȥһͣվ쳤˵ջǿԵġ
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ջߣȽлҾ󣬳ӵĸȥ



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ŵܵȥ
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ԶȽҵһЩϢңȽûһ壬ԭܼ򵥣֧̫
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ңģǾ͸ˡôϲȽҵ;Ӷ⣬ܰԼ޽˼ңһΪǶԼãܴһЩȽѾˣҲֺãܵܶշˣı¡Ů᲻⣿
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Ƚīѵǵģԡѧ


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Ŵҵ̸Ĺ򣬸ʵܵܣͨѾ꣬ҴҶһˣԿʼ壿
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ϿɵȽīƵĹ۵㣬ҲϿɽηʽȴǰһ͸𣺡أȽܲءʲôᣬӲˡ˵ʲôҰǺ«Ūϡ
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квƤģ̺ʺ䡣ȽīЦ븵𣬡ѧøڽ鷿ұ飬Ըһƣ



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Ƚī޵㡣
ңԸȢ
ԣЦƵᣬԣԼҲʵ

ȽīûסЦýЩ˵ƣʲôиŵĲЦȽīָǰͷķᣬԸ游֮ҾͲȥˡŸ
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ȻգЦĹ˶ԣǲյġ
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شģɽӣĳˡ

Լ˻ֱ˲ʹߴ˾䣺ٲҽȥʦˡ
ɽǵıϽ룬˻δӦ㱻Ӽᱧ˸
СûңҺ㡣



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ʳ󣬲Ӽᶨؿ㣿޷ָۣܲʲôۣǱҲɣûб⣿
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ӼⲻͬһȥýףӦʦﻹʲôӦģ

ˣӼ˵Ҫǰ׵Ļæʦ֣˵õĲҪǰףôʲôң׵ºҪһӹҲôһ˰ɣֻһϣŪ̫æ˰ɡ
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ǰɽһֱŵΪݵĸףһֱʣ仹бԼҹŮݵģбԼ۹Ů
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𣬸𾯽غˣȻѾ¶ĲӼᣬܾǹ︸ĸ棬ס֣֡



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ĸԲӼ⣬Լĺӣ֪֪׵ģԶӺãǷТʲôõģ
ڸ߸߼ޣǺǡ
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ӼлģҪжɣĸôôϲ
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ǰ֪ζˣڣȻǵùأȥƣǵ÷ʱ𣿰ݱʦ󣬲ǹȥջĲӼᣬһЦɫˡ



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Ļ䣬ԶŲӼᣬס
ƫӼỹҳô˵ʦãûô˵ү



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ļУ游һζչաǰ游Ц顣ȻȻأ游ЦϧǣϵЦոžͽסˡ



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עҪ˵ģܳΪһļ̳ߡֵܺãôһ÷ȫֵ֧Ǹˣ
ɫҰףʷ游ΪβЩң



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Ȼ游ѵˣһΣĵͷ
ʱ游ʣԶô֪ΪΣ

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ȻֻǰŮװμӿƾٵ¸֪ˣԵģ֪֪ʲô
ôһ𣬷ͣȥ飬߳ҽ첻
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ϲϲģίԼ㣬ȷĸıԣ۲ģ˰ɣҪġ
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ӽԵһ֪ʦ֣Լյʦҫ⣬ӡ
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ĸɽһҽںҵĺլУ̫̫Ƿ̫̫һǸˣǹѾӵĸˣǺͶأû²һƬҲ֮ˡԶĵã˷͵ڼ˷ҵġȫ
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ûͷûԵĻӽ˼˼תһٰʮתҲ²
ͬǰһÿɵӵ񣬿Źӽԡ
ʮŮСﵽŮ˵ת֮ʡְ겻һۣйӽͷһڵرۡ
Ī룬ڸǸֻԼŮӣҲʲô޲ž֮ˡ
˿̣ͨȹѾ٣Ѿֻɫ黨ǰͷ游Զ֮Ц̵˵ŶһãЩʪ鼮ĴţԼ顣
ӽԶǺֹ۸в˵վλãӽӦʲôǡֹӽԣǵĲַӣʵΪ˵̣ĺۼҲûôҪġʲôݲǣá
𲻾ͷһƵЦЦĪӿ˼֡
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Զôػش𣺡뿴ĵӣж󡣡
ʵ֤С
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Ȼмҵˣ²һͿԾġ
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һ֪Ц΢紵ĺ档
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Աһݴ裬ǳǳţЩ˯֮ʣѡ
ߵ游ӽһȥϺԺ顣
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ΪѧʣǼϲӼᣬϺԺҲԼοӼѾȷ뿪ϺһΡ£СƸ𣬶ʵʵףûôߵѧʡˣӶʲô
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ġӽԹɵظͣϲ
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ŲӼ棬ӽԶؿŸ𣬵ʦΪ߸磬ɺã



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ûаȴִŰͽܵһκԼҪ󰡣Ӧءοһˣȴǲʲô¡ǣԼ䣬ڲӼֱ£ʹӦ£ã
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źȹĸΪáصĵӣʳ˴ҵ



һʮ 
ΪұŮӰ
̹Ȼ˶ѾµǸ֪ˣѧӲ֪ԼôصԺڣܾӼΪԼͷվ̨ԼݣڴˣҪԸλ˵һǸϺԺɽһƳŮ֣ĸ׵ϡ
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Ӽ˵ͷ
ǮֶλͬʣΪβԣ
Ȩұ뿪Ӵ˿ϺԺʦȫȨҪʲôǱȥеӦĽӼ˵š
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˵ʵϺԺض˲Ҫѧȫ׼
˿̣ŷ߷߲ƽˣΪ겻һʱû˵֣һ˲ôһ˲վ˳롣
Ѿʮ꣬Ȱǰ˲磬ɱȷ߷߲ƽ˰һͷ
С治ͣżõˣڣϿα˲ޣʥŮӲÿƾ٣ȴûһŮӶ飬ҲûһŮӣַֻ֪ӸҶĻᣬֽҶ飬ҵķӡ
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һ⻰𷹶˲ϳԣ룬ԲӼʦ֣δڣҽȥʳΪ죬ʳΪ֮ǰȥʦ֣ɺã
ԺˣǲӼһκ͸˵Ӽ˿ԼίȴȵøȥɣǴɽԼľϣ辭Ͽɡ
΢񣬵ţǾͰҸղ˵ȥ
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Ӳϲ黰һǺû˵ӵĿϡǡãʮֳԲӼ黰黰ϲЩʵʵڵĹġ
֮۾ﵹӳŲӼˣڣȻʦʱ뿪֪һֱҺͷܣҷ衣ҲΪ˴ʦ֣ԣĺûᣬͻԼļޡģҲ۵ġ



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ףǲ֪˵ǲ˵԰Ĺѡ˵ǴǰҲȥˡڣѾһ㲻
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ȷʵЩĶƤûоܾɡ¸̶ֺĸ͵شãŵá
ʦ֣ҳԹģá
ӼŸùĿӣʣãҲֵֻ˰̶ȥΪί˵˵ģ˷ʳ

ǶԵܵ˵ĺ𣿸ţһܳԣ˷ѡ
ʦСһЩСĸڸڣɫôˣͲˡӼ˵Լ°Σʱô࣬һԣոպá
𶨶ؿŲӼᣬ˿࣬˻ֲ̿Ҳûƿߡ
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ӼŵµˣֻޱãЦޡ
Ķˡ
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Ц֮࣬Ӽ̾ʣµ̶Ķ棬鼮ʼϰӼ᲻֪Լǲţ֪ԼȱרעϣģҲûԵ˼ˣҲ׵
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ƫ˵׬ģȻûо˶ࡣԣǵĿ꣬ĸ߸ߵģڣҺöڵأҳԷ
մϼ򵥵緹źһ࣬ͼ֪˵Ҫ
֪˰ʮĴڰʱˣһѶ¸еķ룬ӣȥѰɡ
ѧæң֣ȴ˹˵żػ



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ĸǸˣҲǸɾˡСԺʰľϱ˵̵ˣҶôڵġ
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ΪŮӣҵõģֻг谮Ҹ
ܵܲһǶĴУϻۣСܵԼٱĶԴҲ˱ԼĶŬܵܵÿһ̵ֽ游ְֵؽ̳ģܵܵÿһŬġ׺游ȥܵܣԼ˵Ǿأ
޵òѵ̣һչԼһֱţǱĸ𣬶˵ʲ
Ӽȴˡ
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ȫ෴ĽͣǶĲүӶ²ĲĲҵľ棬ҲǸһͣġʦʦĸҲء
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ԽڣԽĻš
£֪ԭί̸ı䣬ּĲ˵ѺӴϾǣӣҿϺԺҲе˿š

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ѺӽţӦûȽĲҺáҶԵܵܶˣοԼйµӣ
뵽⣬ףҲãӽ㣬Ҹġ
ĲʱͷȷʵæȥԺãҲܴ֡
ֹһװôˡһڣһ˵ִϺԺʱǰʱ֡ͬһģλѧӡ
Ŵӳĸ㿴ңҿ㣬Ըɽ



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ԽԽ˽ĸһԼתĸ꣬ϿҵΪʲôѡѡңҶлҪǵǣǱѡ֮ʣΨһѡ񣬾õѡ񡣡
ĸ㿴ңҿ㣬Ĭ
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֦ܽǡ
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˵õĴķأͷŰ࣬һ
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Ȼʡ˵ּ꣬󻰷һתɿ첹䣬ǹңǲˣŮǲӵģ
ҡ
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ǮľԼҲûɶģ˵ʦΪŮӼ޸ʦ֣޸ءҶʦãɱȴʦֶʦúһ򱶣



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Ӽȥˣϣ˵ôúöǴҾһǴˡ
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ôһ˵Ҹˡ֪˵Լۣ;Ǹ֪ôæĹЩǹܣҲǱ˱ȥġ¹ңûڳ˵Ĵ١
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⻰ף֪˱лˡүүԸ
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ܾ˸׼ɺܡ
ͷӼ˻ŹةӼû뵽ܾ˹Ȼ˶մҪȥã̺ס



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ȻЦ˵ҲǹˣҹҲˣһͬȥɡ
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ˣܴѽʹ󣬹͹ĸϡɫ磬ҾͲˡ
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ةǹ٣ֹΪӵ
ͬΪ٣Ҫ㹻ļǸƷС٣ȴռٵ³뾩ȥ龩æ˴꣬һļߵͬʱҲı˾١
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֮޻и˽ġ
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Ӽ΢ЦݣϼȴڼܾɲǣЦᣬؿߵ̡
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ȻûǣĵףЩꡣΪֹĸǸѡӼᣬҲڡ
ʷˣȥ
ԼһµŮԡӦơԼǿʱ䶼ûУ
ŮǲӼᶨġԣΪ󣬲СһЩ߳ãʲԣأ
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ܾӲȻһ䣬㻹ҸΪҼ޳ȥḶ́˷ҡ
ʷ⻰ܾ֡ǵʷˣƤӸϲ磬ֱӸ׳нվةԺЦԣ˼ҵҺθɣδԺӲ
ܾ˿ةֿ˿Щ㱡
ԶմӰݸŮΪʦŮһ̽ɣʦͽ֮ꡣ֮ڵϢپΣԭǺ֪ġΪ˸Ӽƽ޵ķΧڣһЩԼ֪ǸŮӳϺԺǸЩŵԺ̵ı֪ȻȻģĳɾ̡ͣ
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ةű˵ķǿƾٹûǺѼӹٽġҳº󣬹ةһֱˮ˾һְ֤
ةΪмңڹҶѸΪӦ̵Ҫ̴ʦԺԼտ̵ĶŮ
ܾԹة򸾣ϺԺ֪ڣ⸵һȻģǺιʣ
ģܾʶظۡ
԰ȻҵġҲϺԺɽ˿ƾ⣬ˮƣҲҵ⡣Ƶؽš
ةܾԼʱϻοͣϷȷӦѾͷ֮˼̸ˮ֮Ҫ¡һҲֳҪȥ״ԪʦЦ
֪ͷʣԵЦأен࣬ԺЩƾٵѧӣԸˮƵĿΣҲ˸У״Ԫʿˮʦ
Źة͸˵ػҳ֮ʣܾͷ¡ҪѵڣҪȥƷԼ֪ѹȥӵͷϵЩͷϡ
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ҪҲܾ֮⣬ǴĦš
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Ȼˣܾмʸ𣺡ɽҪӣ
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˰죬ԭةЦеź룬ܾЦ
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Ŷ룬˵ʵʷ֮ǰҪ¡أһˣýûð취ɵúܣҷȴֲ֮ܰ⣬ǡȱʵʱӣⲻͣ͵ȡô



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Ǯľ٣ϺԺĶΪԺʦϺԺѵķӲ͡ûȥãɽʦãƴˡ



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ٹܾ󣬸ֲ̤ʵʵҲӦܾķţʦǵ⡣ϵǣϺԺǣˮ׼Ըȴи⡣ܾĳһˣʡüȥϺԺҲÿˡ
˼˶Ǯľ١ΪǮľǮϣӦ̸
ǸԲĻ档
ʵϣǮľٽź󣬼ܾƣ˶ӣϸᣬ϶м۲һ
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ŵܾʤŻء
ĸоǮľϤˡÿҪʦֵǺȺþơԺóԵģЩ˵ķӦܾһޡ
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ʱ˹𣬻ѧѲ顣



һٰʮ 
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̨ϣڸ֮꣬СУѧνλ˿ͳʮλ˺͸ѧλĹ۲ǵĳɼѧһԺڶϺԺ
ºڵ˵ԺֻϺԺһƱʮֿϧ
ȴңһƱ
ʮһɺϰߣЩƶ꣬ǰһ񶼲ϺԺȥǶʮϰߣȥ
Ľȳ͵нˡ
ܳɼѧһԺԺԺϺԺԭĴԺĶԺܳɼϺԺ˦
ϺԺĿͬʱ߳ǰĶԺһעĿ
ϵĺóɼѣʱͣأȫԱʦվͳ˳ǣصϺԺʼĸۡ
ȣ˭뵽ֻ˲һµӣø˶˭֪ȻҲļ壬һ˾ûˣӵǣõ˾ΥļڣüЦػؼȥˡ
Ҹ
˸һһʮӣһ껹Ҫࡣ
ӽĸ׺£ˡռ٣Ӳɣȡȡùȳ
ԸΪѱǰȥæˡѵˣԷˣԼҳôԸˣǸѡҲϳӡӵԸֻѾˣ
Ըﲻˣ⣬ҲܼһЩ
Ȳˡ
¶ģһҪԸԣ׹ԣõŹͬɽӣ길׻ؼҹꡣ
ľģĸβ֧֣ɷʮĸˣЦŻ˻ǳӣǼ̿۲ҵġʵڲУȥ
ĵܵ棬ɿһģ̿һġһӻǮ߰ʮٶൣ̿أ
ܵܵԴûֻǣһӣ̿񣿡
룬ʶԼĴ󣬸ĿڣٵԼһ̿ͺˣ
СӴĸʮָˡ
ȴõܵܣǮӵʣɲʲô¡
żڣݷ˹˷ˣһΪлΪ跶֮ѸΪŮѧ׼˷ɻ㲻˵ֻƶŮ𣿡
н࣬Ҵǰ뷨Ǵġ
Һú˵
˷һȣ˵ʵȱӡβθ֮ΪûǮ·ӡҪַ֧ǸỨһ˲ޣ˲ٳɶࡣŮѧֱӷְɣһѧ汾죬һ֣ѧҪĶɷȥ̡
˷˱˵Գȫӣ˽ⷶƻ󣬲˵ˡ
ӣȥãǧĶ˵ĺӻԼҲõġ
ͬ˷һԵģ֪
˿̣ܾţ˵Լۣƺʷҳ಻⡣ɽͺ˾Ҫֻɽ޹أȻѡѡϺԺͱһ֮
ԼеΪƵةϣͬʱܺõ쾴ϵܾһ̹Ȼûû¡
֪˵꣬Щ˵ǱҪרˮѧӵ£û⡣ǣһҷȥ̸˵ȥ
巽κϲ˾һɵˡûǰͲӼһϵܾЩġڵ֪´﹫֣֪׺ܾ͹ةͣظϻΪ˲μԺȣΪ֪
˵ôܣ˵Ĺȥ
ܾά²֪ʮʮȫչ˽Ծ֮¡ӽӵܵĽǶȣˮ
ˣǸ͹˷һ꣬еǡǺ˿̵֪ʮ𣬿ȴõҿǿǡ
ܾҲûָһλͰ㶨Це߶ţȴˣҲˣ˿ںԺĸˣҵһȥ
֪ˡ
ȥһ£ӻҳ˵Ůûм飬ûĶȴǰδеƽ͡Ҳ̹ȻСһǸźۼأȴʹǰ֪Ͱˣ֪ˣҪӣ÷
£͵ܾ
֪ܾδ飬Ůδޣֲףʰɣ
ܾģɲӣɫȴ䣬ЦСѾͷСֶδŵӣСֶӣȻҪһ
֪֪ѾɸĸʦֲӼᡣˣܾô˵ͲӼᣬ
⣬ûشܾĬˡ



ڶ ˮѧԺ
֪ʻܾʮȻػش𣺡ǣʱѡ
ӼʮϺʮ֮ǰ֪֪Լʮ֮ǰѣܺԼ˵ϻģһˣꡣ
ⲻ֪ԲӼɡ
һΪԺɽǾˣ֪һʼͼȷǾǸ䷢չϺԺûйĹע
ֱȥ˸̽ɡ
ԬںԼлʱԼԺѧͬʱԼĹ۵㣬ЩԺ߱Ժʸ

ȻδƶȾⲻǺøѧ̨Ժġ׼ִСϺԺɽͽӼᣬͨԼ˵ѧ㣬ϺԺƸ۵Ծ֮ߣΪʵáʵã
ʵñĹ۵㣬ǡ֪׼
һμӼᣬһμˣǡ˵ϿɵĻɺϣֻ˵Ӽ᲻ֹǰΪһƣȥעϺԺ֮ΪӼᣬȥעϺԺ
һעŷ֣ɽһѾ뿪Ҳ˵ϺԺǲӼΪ
֪ΪӼǺȻ𣬴ǰӦ˿ϽԺһʣȻϺԺǰģӼᡣ
ţ֪ɻ
֪֪ؿʼ֪˿˳ϣǵطٶϰܡӼȴδμӹԣⲻϳֻ˵ӼĴǰ⡣
ƶ֪ЦǺǵܾӼ˰ɣ
ȥգֱ
ܾͬ治ɫ𣺡Ӽ뿪ʱֻ˵ߣû˵ȥ򡣡
֪׷ʣתһ룬԰װ֪òǡӼɹˣôһҫʧˣ֪Ǹոպ
룬֪ɫٿܾ񣬾Ͳһˡ
СҲԡ
Լ˶ʮ;ͬԼʱȴ˿ѷɫͲӼĹϵʮʮ󣬳øЩ˵˰ɣ
ԼҪҪӦأ
һЩĺá
ʷԶٱ㷹ɡ֪ţƣֻδӦܾΪܾûô
ܾˣһǰԺһլùһͬصϺԺ
Ůѧû⣬ͬ˷˵ˣϺԺŮѧ˵ԼĽȡ
ܾ˾ƣһֱȲ裬Է²룬֪δӦжϣҪô
ȵܰɣ֪ؿʼⶼʮ˰ɣṵ̂ƵϢ
ܾһۣة̾ϢѸ𣺡ôǰֵֽĽ鱦
ҲôµģˣֻǸӾˣʮüˣһҪǰ̣ڰɣ
ܾмؿһۣ¼Ҿһ˲ɣ
һᡣ
ðɣûӣ֪ӵҪԡ
Ϊ¼λүҲܻ¼ҵĹүпܵġҲʰĳ͢⣺ϲϵܶ¼λڵλ˾ˣԼɱ𣿡
㻹Ƕɡܾǵ
㻹Ǻ˵һ˵ɣӼδŵӡة˷Ե
ΪҽŮˣЩ±֪ϧٳҲóָֻܾ
ܾ͸Ըˡ
ϱûأøӼϱ
Լ̡˵ܾ꣬Ը֪ӦǸĴе׼ô
ôҲôý飡װɵ޹գգۣҲ֪˰ٳҲ̫ȻҪǷţôʦֻɷ񣿡
ܾ˵ةѵˡ
ةΪŬԺӵܣΪ˲Ӽᣬд˵ʵϣܾҲôΪġֻǸ𲻶£ϡͿЩŵպ󣬲ӼҲãҲգ
Ȼˡ
鲻õܾٽǡ
ӰԹةɵø֤۸ǰɣ
ةЦ
ڽعԺѧǣŬض顣꣬ǹȫԣܹһҲǺõġϣ˶ͰŬš
ѹǮľټλʦ֣ӽԡӣԼĲˣԣǷаգǶҪ³
ּ˺ʵ⣺Ƕ³ĻӽԺͶʦҪ뿪µģԺѧӣ˭𣿡
ԭ˵ġʦּȻˣұǰ˵˰ɡϺԺֻΪˮѧԺˣģС֮ʣԺų١ٺ취ͬʱʮˡ˵취ȻѾ׼÷ˡ
ĩϺһΪƣΪǰ;³ǸҪҲҪȥġĴ㣬ֻͬһˮѧԺʲô



ڶһ һ
ϺԺ֮ˮѧԺͬϺԺ֮ŮѧһǵԺϵˮѧԺˮΪҵˮˮӣӵȵΪҵҲѧ徭Ϊ˸ˮš
ĩǰһʣˮѧԺʱЩˣ񣿡
ʱ䣬ҪȲʹ˵ͷο֮Ըʱ䣬϶࣬ҿԺ͹ǼӿΡˣ֪ɣˮѧԺӡ
ھǣةĹСҲǸ٣ңɼĴڡ
ĩٴ̾ˣʦˣʦõġ
ĩǼͷȽѸĴڣû£˵͸ˡ֦ĲţͷĴڣ˵֦ǲңĲǱͲࡣ˿̣ò˵ˡ
ɽһֻͯԺԣҲһܹ
һʵûչԺԡ
硣ʵǣжӺ͹ӽԺԱعġ룬ּ󣬵Ժڼʦֱ֡磬Ժԣľḻģհɡ
ּ˸һۣԣһ£ܲ𣿡
Ǯľ١ĩڣϤ͵Цּʮ꣬ԸһιԺȴǵο뺫ĩͬΪš
ӽûһ˵ˣҽվҪؾ
ߣߡ
ҹӽһߣһ룬ĻܾˡԴˣвᣬǵǡ
˵˼ңͨżɽ˵治죬ﲻߡ
ӽ鰮ϻô
ǰգǱŮӵ¾ףΪ˷룬ָоͬһЩڣɵǻһЩŭССͣ˵ʲô
ȴֱ׳ʦҵģʦ˵㸸кܶС檡
ӽԴ󾽡
ȴŹʦ˵Ķ𣿡
ӽò֪˵ʲôãֻõҲǳӣûô鷳¡
˵꣬ӽѵöݺݵ˵˴λҲڵʱʦԶһЩ
Цѡ
ӽԣһȤء
ӽ뿪±ˡʱյһţԸɽ򸾵šظ֪ǽ껹
ڸ֮С
ļûˣҪǻôࡢ㡢ƫһ׼ָɽ
׼ּңյŵ̫̫ŭˣһ߾꣬ҪǹүûҲͰˣС˵Ѿûʲô¡ֻҪҲ룬һмͷû취Сãʲô㿴ҳڵĻô
̫̫һԲ
ϱģһҵḶ́˵ʲôʡ
־˾ֻԼϣһ鷳ٰ÷ڸôɾ鷳ˡ֪ƫСáѵȫ޳ȥҴȥݣСãٹȥݣ㣬ɺã
֣ϸ첲ȵģߵö̫̫Ķȴף߲ˡ
֪ĸĪӣ־˾Ц·
ҪǮ̫̫Ȼֻ֪Ҫء
û£ⲻӽ˲ء־˾ǵ
죬̫̫һ𣬶Զӵȥ˸ңȥһݣӡ
ĶҪжˣ̫̫
̫̫治˵ϾͿʼ˵־˾ˣǿԣЩ۳ҪˣԷҪˡǲĶҲǺõİ˵ӻҪ飬ܲһֱŸɣ
ԣ־˾˲ʲôЩ꣬ҲûٰҡСһҰۼңʲô𣿡
һ仰˵̫̫ίֱᡣ
ΪĻΪ¡˼һһǰÿλȥ֡ܲס͵ܵܣּѹΡǽ꣬Сõ˸Ұģ̹ýӹɣһ˼ԼĹ⡣
־˾˲֪ϱôͿˣæͣûйҡ
ҲΪ޵ģ˵һΣˣʲôӦ
־˾˸ЦӦ
һ͵ĸÿÿãһѱһ߿࣬ٹάＸ䣬Ӧˣ˵֣
̫̫Ҳ뵽һ㣬Ȼˡ
ҲӳȥһˣЩëĸġ
һ־˾˵ʻµʲôæͯԣǣæýûȥھأĸ;˾һˣмɣչ˸ǮʱǱǡ
־˾˻ϲصظӺĸ׸֮ʣ˴֣һ̾
ôŻʦ֣Ű
ʱĲŴֶֶŮʸ𣺡ɩӣҲ𣿡



ڶ ܽ
ĲԼʵѿˣӣ˰
ӣĲǵȥǵľ˾ˡ
ɽ֪˸Ļίһ̣ɵܻܵСҪҶ֪ô˵ˡ
̶߰ˣĺӣĸ׵ļôһ˲ɻؿΡ
ֻ۾ȴڰ׷ɾó棬Ҳ̡𿴹΢΢һЦ˵ɽ֪
ĲţĲ״޹ջߣӵҲ֪ǵ֪ʲôʱ
ɽʲôʱȵܻܵҪżʵ
ڰ£²⣬֮ǰϢֻҪǣסһؾ͹ˡ룬Ĳܵܰǧٶʱͻ
⼸Ѿ߰˰ˣǵܸܵտʼֻ˵䡣ˣСϽʣɽұвУ
ΰ֣Ҳ֪ûʡ֮ǰ˵ʱֻ˵˵ܵܣû˵㡣Ҳأ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ĳһ£ССͣȻһ̾Ϊǽ㣬ҪҰܵܲſԡ
ûܵܰһȣֵҼҵܵܣҽ̳أ
Ĳ͸˼ˡ
̫۸СӲʣֲ˾䣺Ҳģűδ꣬ҿɱȵܴܵ˰أʱұڻһ꣬Сӣҿء
ĲҵܵҲҿģΣǲǣ
ǣĲιӦţֵá
ǹ̫̫뿪ĸģһֱӹ以˵˼롣
Ĳ˵ܵܵĻ־ǧôһ̻ܽܵܣ
㶨˽òԽͻȥ󣬸ЦЦؿĲţǲ֪ʲô
̡
ּڸСʱٲһЩ¡ּ֪Ӽ̣һ˵ˡ֣ĲȷԼ̼¡ּ֪䲻࣬Ҳ㹻Ĳˡ
ɩӳ˼ңͬϵİһңԶ
Ĳżˡ
֪ˣҲû˵ֻԼģԼ
Ĳü˼
˼ԺǰδеŬһԵԺԿ˵ĵһšԺ԰ףϺԺӡ
ͷĹ⻷ҫۣ֮͡һŰϺԺʮȫʡΧˮѧԺӣרˮ󣬺ϲ˾֪ͬͨ
Ժȷе˵ĴԺ
Ժɽʦܾѩ裬ɽ˵ϺԺҪһɳˡ
Ӳͬ󶯣óɹǳɹҲûʲô˵ףԺ֮Ľڿƾ٣ʦǡƾ٣š
ɽŲ룬ĵʾӣ㲻ģԬ۸ϺԺΪʦô
ͷһֱôӲ˵ţֵ˵ˣ꣬Ϻ꣬ʵϺһԸˡ
ûйϺһ·Уֱ̽ɣֻһܸϺԺڿƾϣһɳ졣ɽ˵
Ӳؿʣʦ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô֪Ҳó˵ǡ
ԺҪʲôϺԺڽ͹ӹڰѩ׷֮ʣʼ١¶ʮʳΪҵ̵㣬¶ʮţɣҵ̵㡣
ǵ࣬ҶҲΪǣҲһеԺлĻˡ
˵꣬ļǮׯƱָͯƹá
ļǮׯȡϰ벿ְ֮⣬ġĿǰûӴڵصǮׯȫû⣬Ȼһͻ
ƽʱѾ֧нˣۿһƱ˼ӣֻͯƹǰǷݣԼһ߳ıѡ
ͯƹǵһսˣӹһɨ֪ˣʸ𣺡ǰȥĲˣ
˽ҡЦӳϡ
ȷϹͯƹûϸֱӰƱɻ᣺ʲôʱܸҷϱ
ȥһߣֲͯƹ񣬸ЦãСҲˣķȥɣſҵҲʳΪٲ٣ͯƹܣһЩûɣ
ûżӦ룬Ʊۣȡʮĳ󣬵ҪЩ㹻ˡ
ǰֵģΪɣİٷ֮壬ͯƹҲðٷ֮⣬ʳΪͯƹаٷ֮ʮָõǶʮֻ˸ͷȻԸ⣬ʣµ˹ȥȴ˸ס
һֻůСɵ֣ͬʱѸץġ
ˮӣŸЩ˵С˵
˵չȥϸϸá



ڶ ѩ
Ҷ֪ͣǰ£ֻô˿ˣͯƹһ㣬֪Լ˾ŵζһԼ˵ĸо
õѼҪģͯƹˣͯƹǴùģʮֶ˿̵ĸܣ͸ȥȰ˵ˡ
ȸжǾҵģŬ£ΪԼҲΪҡֻһɱ̰ġһ𣬶Ҹ٣϶١Ϊɣһ׬һӣҲ̰
һϯ˵øЦãͯƹ񣺡˼̰ʳΪˣ
ͯƹֱ׳ÿ쿴ôӣû˼ôⲻתһ룬ôӣҲ֪ôãǱҪ˰ɡ
˼֪ôӣҪˣô⻰⵹ҡɫص˵꣬ߵǰʼĥ
õᣬ˵ĲƴڻŪûˡŸҪʲô
ͷҲ̧˵Լġ
ԼҪˡӣҪӪʽˡдԼĸ𣬼˵дʮԼԼδʳΪɣķֳģʽͯƹǩԼ
ͯƹӹԼգʸ𣺡ҸЩˣ𣿡
һֽԼ˵ˣǹ涨ҪΣȷܻõ棬ͯƹǳĲ
Ȼ֪˼Цü⣬Ҹɣ˷ˣҶˣҵڡǼңӹңϺԺڸңҴѡ̿ҪԺĹȨұضá
ԣԭͯƹЦҲɵôŪ
ƹԶ˵Ļô
þͯƹЩˣΪɽ򸾽ͣ˵ĸڣŮ˽ҲҪɣСû˽Ӵ󲿷ֵǮȥŪԺѰ˼ţǰӵСļױˡ
ͯƹɵһؿá
ûףĿİʣ㣬ʲôҲ´ˣ
Ϊ֤ûУҵȷʵô˵ġ
ͯƹߣû˵ӵ£˵ԺԺŪôս˺ĴԺͷԺǸСүҪˣҪŲСһʲôֱߣСүжǳˣҪһԺ
˳Ļһ룬ɵؿ
𲻴ڵЦЦû⡣ǣ˵İҲһֱԺܻб˹ܵġ˭ܣԺ˵ȥոġӴ˵Լ˵ֳɣ˵Ҽҵʲô
ǿӲذѻ⳶˻ȥ
ͯƹһᣬǩԼ±ʺ󣬵ǩҲûʲôֻøã
ϸϸĥ˻ԼҲǩ֡ӡ
ԼպõͬʱѷָõƱ˹ȥһ˵Ӧõġ
ûǫãƱؼҵʱණ͵ּҡпգļѽ̫̫ȥݵʱ˳ɽһҡ
֪ף̫̫תָõļӷԵĴõġ
յõģģȥТԼĵֻ֪
̵ĸҴ̫̫֪öӰѶӣӵģðѶǱһЩҲڵһЩ
ЦŰ̫̫˵ĸǸݣѧӣһֻʡʮīֽһῴ㶫ĸײŸҶӣûǮҲҰ
⻰̫̫͸ˣ˵ǵǵģġߣȻô͸Ӧúڵ׽С
̲⡣
̫̫ҲֻͣھʹŶߣȥͷϰʲô˵ˡô˵ô
ô
ѾˣӣǸ˿ġŵ졣ԼӣҪԼסСԼĽҲҪԼŮˣͷ̴ϹȥУͷִ磬ҲöԷÿġ
֮ӣбӡ
Уú⡣żӺŮҹ֮ʣȻѩˡ
ѩ׷꣬ǺͷЦǺǵ˵š
ϺԺ̫̫ԸͬĻԺ˶ظңҲǸ֪ĻŵĶˡֻйة򸾣ŮߣҲ°ǡĸߣȻҪһ
˵ѩŵƹ⣬˴ëĴѩ˲һƬѩסȻ𡰰ѽһѩСһ·òˡҿһǻȥˡ
̫̫ͬ⣬Ժ﷿Ӳ٣ѩˣסһ޾ǣ˵ʲôܽһꡣ
ָͲԵһˣ
̫̫ĺ˵ˣֻþŵǲһ
˽ּ䣬ة˶˵ִøѾͷȥɣ·ϸЩ



ڶ 
˻صԺʱ죬ʱһʱ
һʱǿ϶ǲеģ˵ɣãͲ˵ǸŮ˵͸𲢲׽ǿȥҶƣһˣǲᡭ
أͼ𻶿һֽƬ˳˵ҽǶ˵ˣѧ˺ӮǮģ
ȥھʱӽ¸Ȥ˾ǲе⡪ֽơϧǣľǸֽʧ
ȷţǺһ
ⲻ˼ݡ
ȻǼװġ׼ȷ˵ֽˣרһҪӲֽȻ󣬸ֻġȣļɲܹάΣʶֽƣȴửֽϵͼ
֮ܶһܸ˵ֽơ
ɶ
ȥ͹̫̫棿ǲ֪̫̫Ǹˣܶණǲ档Ҷƣ壬˫½ֻ֮Ҫ棬ʹ꿪ʼܾ
Ҳᣡ
ô£ȻϣŲԿʼʶЩ̹󣬸ȱţȥȡ㡣
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ӼΪڿ˵ԼĹ۵㣺ʦúּҾĸ֮䣬ϲĸڹĸ͹˷֮䣬ϲĸ
ԣ̫̫Ӽ˵ģȷЩ֡ϲĸĸģûǴĻ㲻ǻиĸôУˣҲ˷˶ˣΪθϲң˵ͨ
ʲôͨģǵĴС֣дʣҲҪˣҪһЩծھĸǰڡ˷˳ңҲںĸǰͲһˣĶ趯˼
˵ף˭ദڣŻϲǸˡ
˷˳踵ڣԽڣԽԸ͸
ǲӼΪ֣Ȼ˼ϧǡ
Ųǡһ˼ͿӵУ˼ûУӵУʲôϧģ͹ĸ;ĸȻϵģҪϧġ˵Լ
ǲӼΪġ
ֱͬ磬ضԣףձȥּҰꡣ
ة¶ɫ㲻ż𣿡
ţҪ
ʲôȴû˵ӼʮˣةĲľȻżȥةһзɡ
ͲӼûоܾ棬˶ֵ緹ֻ֣ûԶ١˵ķ󣬷˵ĸͲӼᣬǰһǽӡ
ҹŮʰңӼᱻڹةԺ
ù緹Ÿ׼һӼ̾Ϣţʲôû˵Ѿ߶û˵·
ּһ֣Ҫϻأ˳Թ緹ͼݳ뿪ӼԾƿһд복ʱӼ˵ʦ֣ؼңȥ򡣡
򡭡
Ӽ룬ʸ𣺡ҪȥӼң
źߡģѣҲˣǴʯԺҵľ¡ҫĳһ
ԣʣĶǸҵġǲӼɲ⣬ʸ𣺡ȥĲңȥҡСʦãҪʲô
ûʲôǾôʦ֣ʶ˼̻𣬴һ¡
Ҳʳ˼̻ӱ˼̻Ҳ֪ɣ
ԣҲһ
죬Ӽᰴո˼ʻ



ڶһʮ ԸΪʦ
ҵطޣһûߣ˶ˡͳӣס̫̫סӣСӣﵥһ䰫ӣи̨Ĵ󿻡ЩˣжŮ٣СͲӼ˯
ţˡ
ˣ±Ҫ⡣Եĺ˵ǴһЩȡůȴǸǳ⡣
֮ǰûӣ֮ƣ̫̫ŸǶʹԣ꣬ɹĺƶ̿վֻ׼һ¨רŸݵ̫̫õġ䲻ôůͣҲڶˡ
ңֻĸԭסݣʲôûС
ȥ̿˵֪ٲҪȥѽһЩ
֪󣬺ͲӼֹΪʲôҪ裿ǿԼô
ӼЦ̻ҿҪǸ̿Ҫ񣬻ҪաҼҶ̿˭򣿡
治֪Щϸڣ˲ӼһۣĻſھʦ⻰˵֣ҼҶģͲˣͷͷҼҶ𣿡
ʱĸҪţƼһ²ӼᣬæǰˣʵǲҪ趫
Ҿôطôһɤӣ˭֪ۼСӵͷҲ˼رĸɫǿаףΪֻǳǳһЦͣͷõĶǸոպãһŶĶ
ѿʼǸ⣺кû͹鷳ˣһȥɡ
ôѿĸæʾã֡ӷ˻͸ɽһȥɡ
ĸŲԡ
ҺڹϵãΪ棬ܿͽ˹ͽ̿ǰź˼ҡ
̿˸¯ӣԺ𡣲Ӽ巿ѩȱ©޷ӡҲǼ粻ģĸʰӺͳ
Ů˼һⲻ˵ĸôڣһֱͷ˵ѧ˵ӵ¡
ܿ죬ĸͽ˻ͷ
ĸűӣͷŮ⼸ӣֻѾͷɫͺùˣֽߵûˣô찡
ʲôѰģԺʱûб͸Ůˣϲˡ˵Ŵʵ
ĸûʷ˭Ҳû±飬˵ԺԴȥԺ˵СҲſѵͿʼԼ˵£Ҳʼ˵ＷûšǺֲǵһȥԺҲǵһʶ˼ҵĺáǰɴû˵ʲôģô⻰
ȴ˵£ҿǺ¡ֻǲֻ˵˾䣬ԺѧñȼͷӴˣΪԼңͲˣ㿪ʼ˵ĲǣӾͻˣ
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š
Ļðٷ֮ʮŵĸüЦĸȴԴɽغҿģͶӶ飬Ҿ֪ѡŲǿʼ˲׵ġ
ǳЦû͡
ϺԺλţʵǣηӵǮľ١ĩϣġǮľپҪȡλؼҵĽֻҪǮûϺȣҲӦÿԡѧӽӦϷҲⲻУˣо٣ϺԺ˵¡
ĸȫ֪Ӷ㣬˵ȥҴˣҪȥ⸮ġһȥСһ£ԵĺȵסģҪǮһһĽͷûˡ˼ңɾһһεĿ
ǲΪӲŬ
Ŭõ츳ӣųΪѧõһ˼
˼ĸȻӺϺԺǩЭ飬æĿڣҴ겻Уһ׼У
һһʱ仹ǷԺӡ
µĵǣЦǲУֻҪ磬һҲĽͷԵĲ˵ԺҲԵġ˵סԺһ»ܶöӡ
һ仰ηӵǮǮľǵʮ֮һҲӵĴˮ׼
ĸ⻰β˵˱ĻͷڣӾҸ˵ӼȻҲԡ
ֻʣɽΪӣõΣ



ڶһʮһ µ·
µԼ֮˵Ļĸܻ󡣵û뵽ĸô˾̲סꡣ
󣬸ӣ˵ˣ
һ˲ɻ󣬲ٶȺܿ졣ɻءšһ̫ᣬᵽҲһĸľЩ
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˼Ϊĸ˵˵ҲӵĻˡȥ飬ҵ͵õ⣬ܾܵҵܼľҵҪͣͲǰˡֱ⣬ﵱʱû֪ľѡ
𾪵˵ӼһԿķôǣΪ˵ʲô
š
ӻǵͷû˵
Ϊ˹Ƕ飬ԼҵĶʮĶ˱˼ʮĶȥճɲã뽻ʮĶ룬ǰʮĶġأûͨļϺԺĿˣûõѧ
ζţҲòˡ
Ѿʮˡ
ȥϺԺȥõġ˽ӣҲˡ˶ܵĿƾ֮·
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ΪֳӲ鷢
ǣ˶գһ߽Ǯһ˳Ŷ飬ټԼľҵô⣬վ͹ˡ
Ϊָʾ׵˿գͲӼᵥţϽ˵ɽˣĸȴûӦҲ˵ĸҪˣ
ҪԼټһ£
С̫̫С꣬ȴ̫̫ͬ곤ʮ겻ֹеһű˼˵ĵأȻҪţڼҵĶܺܣȻҲҪæģ˶顣
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ͳȥǰǰҲûٸӡŵĻˡͬԵ֣־͵ˡź˵š
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ȴдʵ˵ԼټǺˣʦֱţ˵ˣ˵ҡǣ˵游ʱͬ
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ʱȼ־ʸ𣺡ɽһһУ𣿡
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Ӽ᲻ˣʣվΪң
ˣȴʯ
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ӵĲԾʿɶֹͣ˺ͲӼɷֱ棬ôˣ
Ӽ᲻䲻ȵش𣺡ӦУҪʮ߰μԣ˵δݣ
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ԱѣгѣǸ𣬻ѾǾ˵ĲӼᣬûеľңԿ㹻գʲô㹻أ
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ԺĲѧʶ˶ϣֻδݡ񣬲׿ڳϣǾˡˣٲ⼸꿼ġ
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ӳ˼󣬵л롣
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ڷ˵ļª˯ѹˡеϯëĸڴζıĸĺ˯ŵྡϧСѾͷϾСûҲ˯ˣֻʣ¹µĸ
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ͷۣӵĻҿˣǲɶʮˣֻȰС꣬Ǻˣ
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ⶼʲôʱˣСϸڲţ뱲ӣԼôģ̾Ϣúĸҹ˵£ҵ˼취ʮѱӴϡԺʲôģúԼ취
پһɽԼͷϡ



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ĸȻڣ׼ˡ
˵ŮѧѾʼˣҪȥġŮѧԱ߾˿֯øڣͬ飬ıơͬʱСǮͷһصġ
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ĸ֪ĶæҪԣǾͬ˵˵ȥ
޽ʮ꣬ȥĸӵʱӻ˵ŻѾɥʧµһֱЩֻһֱǵǾ仰ϱţӲš
Ů˵˿֯ʱͿеĵŮ˲Ӳ£Ǯڣĺ£һ˸Ůġ
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Ӽתȥͦεļһ˰ġɸ֪ԽֱӼľԽҡ˼Ƭ̣ûиȥ
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𣬲ˡ
Ҳˡ
ĸղҲԼˣҵȥü죬θڱˡܲײˣ鶹ûĻʳʵ̫ˡ
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ӼͲˡ
գһҹѾ˾˾ȥľԸ˵Щֻ̡룬㸵Щʱա岻Ǻܴ
ͲǿԼˡ
Ӽٳٲҵ˽ĸһӹȥ˵Ǹ»ʳɡҪźۼ֡
ĸҲˣճţһʮҰɩ˵ʲôҪҼ࣬ûӲͬʮ
һʮ壬ֻҪһһˡٵգʡʮǮ
۵ı飬ĸ뵽һҲ˵ǰͬɽĸӣҸЩԵģúǺͲֻ֪㣬ɱ˵©죡
һϲüңҵ죬㻹ģ
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׬Ǯġ̫̫رԼĹ۵㡣
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ҲǸǮ׵ģϱܼңôܴӦٲ÷ֱš
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˸ĵǣĸЦЦҷġôѵʱҶзӱżǮͲڻˡɽģĽ
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Ůˣϱģĸˡ鶮ô죬
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ĸ׼ǰĻȻŮӵļѣ߼ڼﲻףﲻڣͺˣ
ǣСʸ𣺡ɽҺȥҴţô



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Ҷ˵ɽΪϲ룬ŴԼĸŮá
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뵽һֿܣͬȷϣɽΪϲԹ̫̫ʦܲͬ
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ˡңίԼ˵ֱ׳Ƥؿĸһۣ˼㶮ġ
ĸӸԼԼ취ƻʳģ̲סЦףͲ˵ǡˡ
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ȻŶӣ̫̫֪ǳԼﻹͣѸøչֵһࡣ
ӼҲԥԸȥʰ
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ô˵ҲˣЩ꣬ûǶ°ɣձˣθɣ
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ĸȻƬ̣չա



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΢ûǴĻ걾ꣿ
ƤЦ˵أҾ֪㲻ǵġҪͶģ㲻˼˼
±Ǵ˵꣬ζҼҲˡԼ취ɡ



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֪ɫʵ
ð׳յ۹⿴û˵ֻԼҪ󣺡˵˰ʱ򣬼ǵ÷鰡
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⣬ŵֱ׳
Ƚī˿⣬лѾͷ̫ˡ
ڳԹϺԺõķȽīֱпϺԺ˼áңˡ



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װ׵̻Ƚīļʦ־ܷģǸǰϺԭǳģᵡ
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һģƣ˵ĵĻڱ֣ܲǾǱ˵ˡ
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˵˵˼ңϴ¾ڣȡ˰ֽͱī׼¼ԡ
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ʮ߸˵ıȽ϶࣬˿ܼ֮Ͼʦһʮ˸㣬ʣ԰ɣʮ߸λãҲ̫ȷҸˣ滮ʵ·ߣγɼȶ·ǿԵġһ֮·ߣ׵ö࣬˵ûв͵Ķڣ
ԸΪ㣬ڵ飬ܣʲôˣ縮ĲҪ޶ʱˡ
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˵Щ֣µ˸Ҫ
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ף׵ġҺǣҪҳٱǮֻҼ⣿Цеš
ֵܶҪˣʲôϵûеġˡȻҪֵøס



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һһˣ֡·ģͶҲͬڸԲĿռ䣬御
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ٲھΪʵ۲̬ǲеġˣ̫˵ȥ֪ĸ⣬ٲ͵ϾĻƾǮҲô̫Ψһֶ¡
ϾٲӾΨһĴǮľϾμԣֻҪٲ룬͵׽ԣǮү˼ǮľٷԣٲϾꡣ
Ǯľȴвͬ뷨渵˼
ϾĴ˼ǺޡܽƽʱҲ˿һǱŶġô˽ﶨ°ӡ뿪Ҳܸ㶨˽ա֮꣬ʡԶ֮ʦȥھǳз£ᶯңԼ鷳
Ĳȴ
Ǯľٵ˼ǣĶ
⣬ϵȽīƣͬУϿǮľ٣Ǯʦֵķ޵
һҲͱͷĻˡ
ֻõͲڴأ˽ԺȽīƣɡ
ȽīƽĲűﻹһأҾˡҦɩҲҼңСҲ߰ɡ
Ҫ۵£ĲȷʵﲻæûնлĲˡСҲ˲پţúðһ
Ĳףˡ
Ǯľ߰˰֮ʣĩ緢ˡ
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ܲԺԺɺܸˡ
Ժ꣬ѧӣʮͯμӸԣֻ˾λ֮һϺԺȴǹ˹˸ԣ
ۼһڼĺĳˣҿԳһЩӡˣʦãǷżıڣ
ɫǻϲģȴܵ˵մȥռӲˣءĻԺӰ㡣Ը
ᶼûڡ
ĩû뵽ļ򵥣ʸ𣺡űڣ
δԣǮľͷĺ£ȻҪЩڵġʦã˼ҡ
֪ĺĩǮľ٣ʦôˣ
ŵؿǮľ٣Ǯľ죬Ҵ磬ϸ˵
ôͣŶڱˡ
Щ˸С
űڣΪʱϺԺ񲻹ʮλţֵҫԣĻԣҪ֮ԽΣһڵ㣬ԺȻء
ˣĴȣҪġ
ƲŸֲ²Ԭ꣬ị̃ǶСʦá
Ǯľȴǲ磬ʦȴδء
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ͬʮԷŰϺԺԺ֮£Ȼ󲨡ϺԺڵգ˸ԵꡣգϯˮԺʮѧӣһء
ˣ޶
˷ǰѯ֮ʣֻһʱ˵£ûȥŮѧûȥǡ
ϺԺ̵ִˣּͷĲţͻδΪŵΪ⣬ͷһλ˽ϺѧӶ飬ˣ֪ϺԺ°꣬ȡڲϽǵСӡ
ǵɽϣԵĸˡ
ϺԺǰϺԺ겻Ϻ˴ض㡣Ժɽȴ㡣
겻ڻ֮
뵽Ԭ۵һˣɽȻһǿҵĸоϺԺǸԭܳΪԼҶϱСֱʿ
ʱ鷳ˡ
ΪɽȷţֻҪϺԺٳʿԬϺԺ겢һ£ϺԺһˡ
СԼҶϱǸöðϺԺĸһƣӺûðôû
Ѿǰ˸µӣӺܴˡ
ѹûȥҹŮ̫̫Ͷϱ˵Ӧڰӣ׼ӵģҪǰˣȣôܵˣҪȥСǰɡһʡüͷкЩ
̫̫ҲôģˣȥϺԺ
̫̫ûֻ˶ӡ



ڶʮ 
ּĸ룬ԶͻˣѮͶʦȥֱ֮ʦȥ⣬õУٻؼҽǹ
̫̫ز֪ʲôּ󣺡ҪҲȥɣϱﾡܷģأ
Ϊȥġ˵ּ꣬˵ǣֻǰûõȰѧҵǰڣûеϣ˷ʲô
Ŷʮ꣬ᣬ۲ż
̫̫οŶӣû뵽ּȴͻȻͷʮᣬҪ˭ȣˣ˵Ҳ˵ˡ֮ͲҪ˵ˣȥӰɣ
⺢ô£ôͻȻһģ̫̫⣬Ҹʣɾּ󶼲á
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̫̫ôӺˡ
̫̫ǰ뿪ԶĹүφž͵φ˷һ֮ˣҡ֪ˡ
Լφôôҡ
φֻ˵֡
ͷ˼
ðɣǼ©졣
φˣЦǸģδζײͷĿϣƫ⸱ݣˡ
⻰޵ķʸ
ȥʵ۲̫ӣƫ߶ʱ˸Ůӵ⣬зӣԶΪ·ͬʱҲǰ˸æһΣʵ۱˱ܺô̵ֲôԶﲻ˸Ҫ󣬺ͻʵһᣬʲôɵģ
Ҳת˼ˣЦҲԣǸͷҲҵˣ̬ȷʵˡ
ʦְȵģûбٺõˣǻʲôģӼᣬφʦû
£ɱҡһ䣬Щʱգ֪ˡφǵ
ȴ򶨵̬У֪ӼӦðȣφ֮ԣһֲˡ
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ԺĴԺ֮ףұϺȥԺ׷ϴѰҽҩɽﻹԬһ˼ɣȻѣοˣԺȵǽʿˣȹˣ°ȱľš
⻰Ȼдţĳɷ֡
ɽ˵;ԶˣԼҵүС
ӽδû֪ɽ˵겻ʱգԣφһȥ
ڰ֮ʣɽĥԬδá
ĩӶʰ֮ʣּؼҽȫҹ֪ĲҰ˹̫̫̫̫ȻŰݷáڿĲҵСԺ̫̫Ҳ˼תͶϱ顣
Ĳլͦã˼ۣһµġլӹӶ࣬Сʮ䡣ǲô࣬иʮ͹ˡѰ˼£ʮ򵽡
û˵̫̫ĵ̾ϢԵĶãһǸܲסǮġ
÷оٺ󣬼ʡ˰һܸʮʮģһĶһĶţǲǮ֮ǰ˵ǮȢϱãТ̫̫ϣȥء
ȢϱǮٴͷ
û뵽ǣ³⣬Тڸͼ޹ŮּҸֲˣּȢϱʱ̫̫Ҫӣ
꣬ŮöӣһӡȥָСڵģҲû䡣յҹ£̫̫ſ˵ء̫̫Լ˵úôӣá
ڣȷμӽˡ
̫̫һֱ̫̫˵أء
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̫̫̫̫֨ҲżԶӵҲʮüˣӹǴǰﲻ㣬ǰЪ˰ɡպ󣬰Щ޳ȥһĽͷҲˡϱϱɵģСǸ˿֯Ҳ׬ͷֻŪĶ԰ӣмв˳ԾͳɡڽѾͷϾˣѾͷСӣˣȻҪ
֮⣬ּԵӡԵӣԼܣҪõӣҲҪּŬ
ּ׺󣬼ʦֵܵı֣ǰδеţӦĸģʧ
Ӧˣ̫̫־˾Ҳ˺ôĸܿھܾ̫̫ѡʱмҵӣְÿ˵ĳ·ŵ׵־˾˺̫̫һֱȴԭ򣬱
䶨־˾˱㿪ʼĴլӡ֪󣬺̫̫һָ֮ǰĲլӵּҿլӡ
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լûأ¶ʮϲһӣּкˡ



ڶʮ о
ּӣûãȡ˸Сšϴ£ϺԺġΪùãһ游ĸһݡµףּҵլգ游ĸոĲһǨ
Ӷٲ˵ΪĸŪŵԺӡŮѧжæ̫̫ס£ŮŮûͣ˸
չȥһˡ
̫̫꣬ʮˡȽ˵չҲˣ·ߡ־˾˺̫̫һ󣬽иң˾µĳȥϡ
뿪ĩԿ
˿֮ûлԺһֱԵϢԣǴԵĽġż糾͵Ķˣ͵˵Ҳ²¡ˣӵθһЩǣ
ŸĿ⣬ȫȻ˼ǣˡУ˾壬һЩ˵
ϧŮ֮޷ߡ
ĩ򲻷˵ҿ˸ߣҲģʦҲýҡ
ߵλûӵĺãӣúõʲô˶ӣ
ͬԣȡһٶʮλӣӣԪ
Ǹû뵽ĺΣȥĸĸŮһϲ˵˶֮ʣӽž⣬˸˵
ѧ˵ҲμĻԡ
һ˼׹ЦʣøͬʿҿͬʿҲġһδȣ벻ͬʿƱҪǰʮϣԬͬȥʱҾô˵ġû뵽ǣĳϢ
ɽҼЩ⡣
⵹ǡԬǻҪнʿҳΪӣȻҪⶼˣˡʲôվҪԼǵҪ󣬱ǺãǾôȥ
ȫһʦߵĿǡ
΢΢̾Ϣ󣬵ţӦѧ
Ϊ鵽˽֪ԽĵؽϺԺգԺ˸ѧҪɽ
δйӣԷĴ٣æȥ͡
ѧǸѮߣŸɽ󣬾ʣɽ
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˵̧꣬ȾҪߡ
ȻˣæסˣɽͷӵݣΪ˵գлú˵Ǻӻ˵Я£мġ
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ǰͺ˵ˣ˽ҪμĻԣΪǵģɽǵĻܵ
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ͨ͸ѧؿڵȥ֡
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˸յδϣͷ˱ɽ֪ˡ
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ѧǺϲ˾ˣ۹ְȲһ֪渵ˣӭ֪



ڶʮ 
һ˱߱˵ڲ˸ȽϿ׵Ĵ𰸣ֱϢҲˡ
һ١
ǣ㣬ӽһμԡμˣǰĳڣҲ߲˲ǡǸˣԶ򸮵оٶѣ֪ʲôϵġԣǾϢӦи¡
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ڵѣة׹ѧߵԱߣʣү£
пܡ
ةҲôġ̫ү´һƵ٣үϢǺǻֻҪ´֪үݣּүѰ㡣
һߣһ汧ԹԼϺԺôʲôһĲɵغ͹ة˵£ǰûء
һһ٣ݲͬ಻ͬ˿̵һġŷĺ͹ة˵Լ򶨣ةγֲ
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Ϣһ̲ͣظϺСȴ˵ҪɽڼͣҪͨģڱС뿪ָһ˴·Ǻ˲ųãͿǸӦ֪
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Ա֮£֪ԭӦصˣԵòˡ֪ΪԼûƺãǰЩˣδһ֪
룬֪Ҳ˹˾·ǸһȻʩ˵
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ѧΪȻʿͬʿͬӺ;ӡ
ͬʿͽʿڽĽȺ͸߶ȣ˵ȴܸһ㣬ˣһӶͣһ׶Ρ
۲࣬ȷʵǾӺ;Ӹͬ
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Ϊʱ
֪ɫãȴϵ°Ρ
ʿͽʿͬӺ;ӣͬһתѧ֪ܴУʥľӣĸ
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Ѿͷҵˣ
ţӭϹةǵĿ⣬ЦЦƵ֪˵ľӣʲô
ûõȷеϢǰᱩ¶Ӽݣ



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򶨹ͷĸ𣬵׽֪š
֪ЦЦ׷ǹʵģ˵ʲô
һ´⻰Լ˲ǣŷҪ常ء
˻Ĺϵѧ֮࣬ɶ࿴˸֪ۡСʲôͬ
֪ƶŸ𣺡ˣ㻹Ҫҵʱ
װɵÿô£֪˵ļ
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ܴء˸汳ģͬʱָﻹиİˡ
֪˿ѧֱӵ¡
£𳹵Цˡ
ة֪Ҳζܽдǰʶ֪ɼӼﰲá֪̾׽Ѿͷˡˣ˵ɡ
뽲ϴ
Ӽǰ״ָʹ壬Ϊ游ΪԩԱµֻ˹ȴ̿׸ԩСִΧϸ¡½״ֽ˾ϢǻѱѺ
еƸ˽
˻ʵ۵ĸ˾µĴڲ٣ҲΣյλáλʵӺ󣬶Ӵøɸɾֻ֪ǴʦķӣǱʵ۵ڵ¯ӣˡ
˼֮ʣѧΪʱھǣԴ²˵֪֮꣬Ҳ˲ٶţ֪괫ţ֪ó׸ͬJ˽ţ²Žѹġˣ֪δõģ
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ѧ⣬֪Ҳ֪һӼǰ״֮ʣ˵ı֪֪ʮδǨ޶ȣҲûյ˺Ӽ˶϶²ûС֮ԣСšʥϽĴԣơ
أѧ׷ʡ
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һȻǰǱ֪ӹһѵ⸵𣺡ӳˣôܴĶã
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ô˳ƺС˴ǰùүЯκγ̫ͣδ֪¡ǹϺԺûգ뿪ˣͬҲԣǲӼᣬСҲ֪
ʵ֤ϵ
Ǻةֱһ˿ڷ綼©
ǣ治֪
֪ʵʵشǹة
Ȼ֪ҵЩϸû׼ܼǵһʦֵҼʱҲ꣬ö¶ǵˣͼǵҷֵġӼᣬֻδˡ˵ʵ߶߶ʵ˵ĿںűŵģȻǸ



ڶʮ ֮
֪ȻϸĆ£ѧ𣺡һ£ܴˡ
ѽֱϢ͵æҪ֪һߡ
Ȼˡ
鲻ôõֱ֪ӿ㻹浱Լ˲ɣұǡ
һ仰˵ѧͷԼҲǿˣ֪ȥۻءûߣ˷ǰΪӵ¡ٴ㱣ȥӼ฽ѧȴֱӾܾ
ô˵ţѧŸ۹ⲻѺá
ȡ
ǶӾܾľȣǶѧĽܾȡ
ͨſѧ飬š븮ѧΪ֮Ӽ࣬ѧȥԺԡѧ͸ѧ룬һҪȥ˵ȡѧʸ񣬿ڼѧȥѧϰ
ѧѧͲ˵ˣӼ
ԥƬ̣˵ʵǹӼûʲôðɣ
ƮƮĿǣѹӼ
ƾ˵Ⲣָ𡣵ʥϵүүΪȱǮ˹Ӽ¹Ӽŵһ꣬ǧס£Ǿ˸
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뵱꣬ϵǻ֮ǡǷ绪ïͣεϵλŬΪõ¡
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Ӽ࣬˹Ĳ룬ϲʿްֱͲǸ·ӣȻû˷ԡʵӰ쵽ЩͺĳѪ괦ơ
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Щ֮ǰһֱξٵѧȻá˸Ļƽ͵˵ȣӼûЩˡÿδȣʰ̩ԹӼࡣҪ˵ģͬΪҪ
ͲֱʸСԺʲô
ոջƲӼĸ𣬷ѧƲ𡣻˵ϺԺѧӱƲˡ
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ũæѽܼһ빻ˣСԺϹĺַ붯ض֮ǰˡ
ǡʱɽ򸾣ҡ



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ӿɻãĸһ·۳Ͷ٣㶼أ
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ԭǸӣ˸˽ѧ·ӵģ䲻ȴСҪԣֻһӵ˼ҡ
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ѾԻػˣӽӵеġϵüãһʱӳֵ͵мԼҵ緹

յĲ˵ɫġ̡˸Ȳˡһһ׼ġĳߣʱģٲüմ׼
߰ɻͬʱ𰴸׵ȥĸ˵ʮˣһ˳ԸȻӡǣĸǰǲҪŸǼҲǼǮƽϵǷϣлġһ⼸գﲻϲģֻûûˣҲʲô˵
Ҳϲ̫̫ǣŶ˶ʮԼ˼䶼Ҫԣ˾֪Ǹ־
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ǱŤӣ̫̫һͷ
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Сֻ֪ǲҹŮĵ˵˾˷ѽĻ



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ίͰ͵˵ȥׯɫҲ׽ˣܾø˸Ƶġ
̫̫򿴲ּңÿÿԸСȥּҡһȥּҵĸ𣬱Ƕĸ
ҲǸһʼͷּͬԭ򣬲¶ڡ
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ſھ͵ôõˣ˭ǵã
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һֵ̫̫ߣҲ߻ҶûۿҲ飬֯ĻҲһ㶼ܰӺ;²ְˣʵ˵μ⣡
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Уֻּһһ֨
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˼֪ʲôøɽզࡣʳ󣬸Ǻʹʦֻطס𣿡
뿪ĸ⼸ﶼڣҲĺúõ˵ˣ˺󣬴ʦʲôֵ£Ϸˡ
ྵĸ𣬺Ȼסˡ
ǣĳĸڳǰ죬ʶ˾ζҪ˼ףһЩ߳ܵ¡ȻЩ߳ܵ£̫ģ֪ܾ߳ˡ
ô֪
ġ
жʱڴ̵Ľãһ˶˶һƵŰģžͺˡΪҽ̼õĺӣֺ棬Ҳѹģû˼ȥƵΪûȫ󣬾͸ˡ
˿̣ǶƵ飬߳Ϻӡ
Ů㣬ϻˡ
ûأŮһ˵ģᣬѾʲô˰ɣһͨ׷ʣ֤ûк㷲
ĸŮĲͻ̿У³һ꣬ն⣻գ̿ϴȴơ¹·Ţ⡣ԺǶǴС
ˣڽСһʱŽ˻鷿
𿴼ź첼ͷϸƸ˺ü£ǰŻȻʣһ˫ƲסЦӡ
ʶӼô꣬һοôЦֻ֪ôЦӼᣬڴµӳ£ʻˡ
˧ûУ
СһЦһɵۣýһЦͣ˵Ѻϵļ黰ϧû˵ʲô
ȽƵʱ򣬸Ӽϣ͵͵˵Ƹ
ˡ
̲סʿˮһֱ¶ǣĿࡣ
ӼȥƣΪзΨһŮԳææ⣬ϵЦȴһֱû¡Ϊɩǰͼ޵ķƼ͵һ̾
󷿵Ĵ̣æôˣ
䲻죬ܣҲ˵ˣӺãǿĵġûƼ뿪ԺʱСø޵˵СùԿο䣬ԼҲĨᡣӣҶܡ
Ϊ˵һμˣʽѹûע⵽ɽ򸾵Ĳͬʵϣڸûת뿪ǰǶԷԭı֣ҲǼõġ
ԣһ˵뵽ɽȥĻ棬۾һᡣ



ڶʮ 
ҪǸҴ̫̫⣬Ȼطһ䣺ҼС᲻ãǶףùƫӵ᲻ã˿ģ
ϧ̫̫⡣
ƫ۶ӣۺŮҲǳ޵Ĺ˽޵ĿֻĿ뵽ŮʱסˣϸϸȰɽ
ǰԺΪͼСӣ¹ƣӼʦ֣Ҿһ㣬㲻۸
ӼỶӦ¡
ģǻеĸ̣ŶڲӼ뿪Ǯľٵôͷһؾôʦֺᰡ
ĩӼֵܣǮľӲҪΪŮݣϲ磬ɼĸȻⲢǱʾͶӼ޸СŸ̴ԣǮľæǴʦֻбǴʦ֡ҪǶԲ㣬Ǵ򲻹ҲԸʦ
֮ɫչ
·ĸ𣬾ûôˡϵĻ䣬̺Ͷæ⣬ɸǲ죬Ļû˵䣬ԹɩϯԸҲ׼˳Եġ
˵䣬Ͳֱ̧˷˽մ
մӼ׼ˣֻһܡһ꣬մŬͽܡ񣬸ޣֱӸ޹ҳˣžǵ̫̫Լûʶ£մȷʵ¡𷢴ǰ̫̫ūġ
⻰̧ʪ۾ˡ
մƤӼɼض˶ūȥү
˵꣬մתȥ´㵵ĸ
û˼
ǣմȥûӼһػˡûӣߣǰδеĿתźͮͮС˶ԣٳһ㡣
ͷһ壬ƿӼ᣺һľζ̫ˡ
Ӽƫߣǰ֡ҺżϣôãҲûҵǼǵɵȾƣȴعôһڡ˵ͽպͽƵӣһģһǰȴǲյġ
ƭˣָӼᣬǵΪ֤ԼۣǺˣǵڶȴѵġϾᱡңΪҲǵô
ӼԭǲǵãôϸµѣҲ
ᱡô
ûзְҲûзϣӼֱӴȥ𿴼˷ŴĿһ̣۴סϸϸƷʶƿ֮ѾˣѲʣ˵С
ӼȴԸͣ
Щᡣ
ӼƵ÷ңģ»ϲȴ֪ǸٲһȽ»ιͼҹ
ʶС겻ײĥһ˵ŷֿĵεΣһ߳ŷ͸¿ӡӼɨʣˣŸҲˣʰ븵ԵĲ٣ΧתȦɡ
δɢӼḴֳȥ
ԱĸһתȦһӼ᷽ŵĲأ΢΢졣һӺͲ̧ˮѸϴˮˮۡ
һں󣬴ųµĸ֮ǰǰ㣬˻ƹƬոµϣɲԸֺͲűĹƬԼĿޣԣƬˮƽԽԽˡ
ǹ̵ĺá
ֱˬմ£˿ӦýгĹ˸߶߶ŹƬྣʱָߡ
ŽйƬȥϴʱӼŸŨľ
ͲԺɫ¡
ȻЩţߵͬʱڻó󣬴ʦϴ˲ܻݡ
ӼҲӦֱ˴ϲۣ𡣸·һԺ󣬷ӼѾɲ˶͸ˡ
ͼԲһ£
ҲܣֱӳҡӼԭˣһʱ˷ϴЩȥ֣ؿŸߡ
صҵĸ˿ԺȴӼһƲסĶ롣ֱȥУӼʰԼҪһʱģͬǰ㣬ſȼ졣
ǰҸ
±⣬ֻĥôøáΪ赸ΣԣǸŮӣѧ赸ԵĶüǵãǻն˭οʥ˲һϵׯԼӣǰһն
ҲǼ죬档
ӼʰԼ»ȱֱغ࣬ϸͦɣĵǰͻ
ֻһۣӼ֪ԼǳԸ
꣬һӼʶУڡܾ֡Ҳײܾûй飬ЩЩûֹӼĹԵأᶨľģƸԣ𳹵׶ǹףЩ˵Ƶ
ʮ꣬ӹúܺãʮҲ߶겻ˣȫ졣Ϊˣ̬Ҳѹһҹ£Ӽᳩó۳ҵ⡣
ⷬ⣬ĳա
ջźӼڿΣϻ⣬ֱ𣬸СӵˣŽ˷
ؿӼ׼µˡ
Ӽ˵ԼĴ㣺ֱԺסʰһ±뾩
ʮյķ񣬸ǣƤҲǡԼĹأҵˣǲܷͬġԺ˵Ժӣղͬ׽ܲӼ᣺̵ס
ӼٶȻҪ죬ʮ޳ܵȻ̵ã̲ãһǡ
³ţӴСذϺԺ棬ݼة򸾺һ˷ѧԺڶҵѧԺĴϺԺķѧԺδܳһʱ䲻ῪǷѧԺ㣬ҪǸһСԺɽȻˡ
ӼṴϱ֣ǵ֮ˣ¶׼ģٲʾ䣺Ժʲô
ȴؿԼҰġ
ӼüĿһ
ͬ⸵ҵǰǱƤ¡;滮ûĴ㡣
һ۹ȥûһ̼ӣǻؿ
Ӽա
ۿ˷㣬ȻغԺͬɽһ÷ʱڣŮϯȴûˣһΧһкţɽ࣬æˣԼˡ
Ҳǡ
ͬķʱ꣬ٴͬϯͬҲвͬȷ˵Ӽỹǰչ˸ʱֱӱܾ볤ɴӣһʦּ򣬰ԼԶĲ˻Լǰ̼ʦ֣ҶʮˣĻ£
Ӽֻֽӷ˻ȥ
ϵ˶һۣҪн򡣡
һν˵û£Ҳǽдʦء
ӼȻö
ضʱʦ૵Ĵʦ֣ˡ
ڣûעΪڽӣôжްܵͬԵĶףֻܽн򡣡
ñȱóףùóĸĻĸλãǴڹùõġƺռɽҲίظĿڣֻ֤н򣬲¡
Ӽ˵δĴ㣺ȥĸͽ񣬺ȥĲҴţʮȥðڴл磬ʣʱ䣬ڼšȻʮ߻سʰңʮűϡ׵ôӼŸĳƺûиףǻ˵ǵ֡
ɽһһҪס߰죬βģɽӦºȴŮŮ绹ҪȥˮѧԺԺʱˣѧԺҪ;ͰˡˮԺﶼǳӣԺߵСҲСˡ
ȸ𿪿ڣӼģء
ɽ̣ûסŮĪҪСûߡ
Ÿɽ䣬ƫ˵Ů
Ӽῴƣϱ˻ĿУֱ׳˵Ҫֵ
ɽЦãƲ̵Ļöȥ
һնڱϻԺֱӻԺϢˣӼȥʯԺ
ʯԺǸʯԺӼ˻ᣬȴøֲԾ
Сչɫ׼һæʣүǾﲻԣСĿͷ
Եʲôûȱֻ̫̫ӼᰧԹ˵
ʮûףȻĸܣֻùү̫ˣʯԺ˵ǹүסĵطȢ̫̫Ųһ£סĵطʵ
˯˯ʱ˯ˣԼ̣īīдʹȥʯԺ
Ӽչһоӳ
ʦ˯š
͸ڵ֣Ӽ·𿴵ͷԹԭûԼҲһԾ֪ӼѪţ
ӼǱ֣ûüж̫̫˯ô



ڶʮ Ĳ
ʵ֤ѡȥޣٲҪԵӿͷ⼸ղУҲûʲôԹ
ȥּҴţ̥붼ã²ֵģ̫̫໶ϲˡף϶ʮһſʼӣʮŮҪõöࡣ
ͷ˽˵ʱŬ˵ɩӹҪΪˡ
洺磬Цüԡ
ȻҲǸϢġҲ⣬ʹмŷŮϢģԵҲ˵ֻɾû˼Ҳǣ
̫̫ѵŮڸȻǻػضлؼ
ּҾôĵطϾٱܿܵҲޣĿò١⣬ֻǱõ˼˵ΨɵЦ
Ҳ׷ʣӣ̫̫Ҳû˼Ҳǣ
Ӿ̫̫ͨ¸ˣԿʲ˵ģӾо٣Ҳ;ƿݣ񲻹ǿ֮ĩŬţֻųӸϽȢϱšһԼ徣Ҳãδ޵ĹŮӦ֮ˡ
ϵۼҲӼң˵õĹ͡
ɫѾˣңҶˣοңԴ˶ɩԼҪǡҲҪ֪һģⷽǲֻȥСĸȡ
ᡰš
ͣ˵˵ˣҼҶĸ֪
֪һ㡣
ָ׼ң̫үһǸҫĵˣȻ֪֪Ҳޡϸϸ˵λĸϡ
ϼ޽ʱ׺ͷֻš󣬷͸˫˫о٣ͥҲ¡ɲϣ֮ĸûʱŸҾʼ֮·Ƿ޽ġ
⣬ŵʣ˵Ҳ檣
üһҰѻ⣬дģɩӾ֣
ϱԸ⣬֧֣Ӧļʹ졣
ǲʣעطӣɩӳУøճؼŴ˳СɩҲܶѧһЩŲһ𳤽
߶߶˵ţΪӸ¶ˡκأʣ£ǷУ٣Ҳˣ
ɲ֤
룬ڷ϶ϵ˾䣺ҪԼŬǮˣ˿סԼҲס
éٿ
涮Ϊǰиӡ
ɩֹ˰죬ּ֪ĵطϱڱ˴ᡣ
ȥּȥĲңڸĲһ˴˶Сϱ
ӼլӶպΣүǸšͬŲͬμǸũ˺ôһ˳ŮŮѼһǰ;ţڸѧ飻һʮģһʮꡣ
ӼԼҵطٲýھӼҵĵطӼôһĲٲȫ֧֡ȫ֧֣ҲֻܰĲŸȥ״ԪɼҳϲƵģǸʵڲǰҲٳ֣ĲŸ𶫼ңڶ˺ĩ
ʮ㣬òͨȴ·ĲšĲҺҵĹϵ󣬲֣ǲýȥĲ˵͡
ι޽ǧͨ˼ңǼˡ
࿴ι󣬻ʣ˺ιòĲŵߺ˵˼ĲûôƸģٲҪμҹһǡӼ˸󣺡׼ýˡ
ɽǾݣϺԺɽǳ漫Ϊʡ
ЦҴֱӸҵӦġ
Ӽ룬ȥȥμףǰ¶¡
ĲҾٲ֪£Ҳ֪ʣӼߺüЦ޷ˣ˵ĲƸ£һǧƸ񲢲࣬޲٣ɸھͳˣĲҲҪƸô
ǰӼͲ˲ٶ̣ĲԺӺլӡȥգӼõĸ׵޺󣬶һ̣λʵʵСšϧǣĲ˼ңòЩֻׯӺӵĹ£ǼţЩĶŮ
μҼױһǧĲҶҲǶƸ̵˼ǣʣˣĲ˲ͬ⣬Ĳſʼͬ⡣
ԣôˣ̱ɲˣ
ĲҲ̰ƣҲǼ£Ǹʵ˵иĻĲҲ룬ɣһЩҲһЩԷӵһЩҲͲˡ
ɽӼ棬μһûڣӦеüʹ졣ιռǣĲȴѲСӼ뿪ʱĲ鶨׳ס
ĲֲĶӣ׼Ƹ



ڶʮһ 
˷ϣ˴ʱûһձ飬Ӱʮų³ʮ͵ͨݣӼᶼпϴδӼһ˶ʮء
Ҳп֪˳ڼˡ
⻰Ҳ˵˵
˺ӳ˴ȣҪϡûдġʮ¹ӼҪ뺲ʽϰࡱֻи粻ġ
ӼȴΪ絽⼸ãýѡ
һͷ
ҵĹϵûأӼЦǻ𣿡
մԴ֮󣬸ĳ衣ԭҵŮʮĹ衣ռãҳ죬ȥĸĺѡʷĳϱӼӵ
ܼȫûлؾլµģ峤µһλϹ¡ϸ˲ϢҹСˣҹ·첻͵˳⡣ŲſǻؼʰӼᣬȴһҹߣųʱȷѱã
Ⱥķпʮ£ô˰
ǰҲȥµĶô䣿Ŷԣˣǰǹ귨ꡣУ൱ںʮµףˡ
ӼСھǳϰ˾ǵ䣬Ը裺𿻰ɡ
˼Ҷʮ𿻣ǲ̿ǰҲʲô¡
ȴס裬Ҫϰߵġ
˵ţͷѱ˺üҵӡ
ر棬ˣլֻӼ򸾵ˣӣȴΪ˰ݷãСȥ͡Ӽ͸һͨ󣬸˻ʮȥҡʮԶϡϡǽƵ٣ӼӪϴ󣬶³ϵϴ
Ӽʮʮ׼ʮո
ͬ⣺ҺúõգҪ˲ʲôʮͣ㵥
ӼףЦŵұضǧ˳
Цݼ
ȴŵһΪǰеǣӼԵ֪֡׺󣬲ֻǱɽһǡϣԼҴʦֲУԼԽǿ޵ý±Ũ
ʲô
ܣҲԹˣֻһγ׷ſӼŪӼȤ޲ҹҹˣÿζʮ㡣ЩֶΣ޳ܵļһʮֵ˵ҿǶ屾ܻͼˣ
ײ£СӼңס˲ʮ⣬ʣʱ򣬱ڴڿջһҹС
Ӽ¶ɫ룬ҪţЩϢɡ
ЩϢЩ
ȴҪȼͯƹ񡣡
¶ڲסΣӼԶ֣˿Ķڸϣһȥͯƹ
Ӽᣬͯƹһ˲ɫָ
һʱѿüȢ֣ȻҪ͵øͬΪˣȽӼᡣ׵ö࣬ͬ˵ʱ۾صɬĹңӼʮ⡣
ͯƹ˵æڵпڴѰӣطǲȻֻʳΪһô󣬵ǳէ̵̯̫󣬷ʣǼõġһֻӣһҪǧ
ӼԾǱȸϤˣ֪ͯƹ˵꣬ǲλòӣŵıˡͷǽŲǧ
˿Կɵӡ
ʹӦˣתȴͯƹ񣺡ǵط𣿡

£˭ӣ
ʣͬСӣҪӣ
ͯƹӲ֣򡣡
ԼĪһյ裬ȥһңȡһӡӵĻҼױͷѹ׵ǧӣʦǧҹȥһˣٽǧʹá
Ӽüһͷûӿˣ
ܹرʾзҪӸ
ʵȻ
ļױﲢûʲôðЩã˲һǧһǧĴͷѲϣ˷Ϥ˹һҪһЩѣҲܽʡһ㡣
̫̫ļױͷǸزҲ㲻÷̫̫֡ʹڱĶĺһĶɽ֣˵յʳ鸵ģѹǱͼҲ˽ˡ
ô˵Ӽǳˡ
ӼῴʦôСǸĸֵܶôˡ޸ԼԭЩĥԼ£ȴǷǳֱ׳ҪԼȥӼԼǲһĸо
ССİáв֮
ʱûнһ˵ǮׯϢߣûҪǱǺˡͯƹйһ£ǣȥæᡣ
ػ֮ʣȿ»ϲڵʵûҪġ
ҹ䣬Ӽڴ֮ʱʵĿˣ˾䣺˵ûҪ𣿡
ζѾ˵ûˡ



ڶʮ Ī
󣬸Ӽ棬Ը裺ͣ˰ɡ
ӼӺϸ£ֲ޲֮ò˶ٲ𣬲˽ڼ󡣡
ǲ̿ղȫζãվհɡ
䣬ȴҲǲ̣ôŪһһ̼
Ӽգܿ͵ߣǾͰͣ𣬿͸˺աһʲô顣
δ֮ԼĿˮǺ
ҵ࣬ļԲǵüãʹͷ׹ϵ
ԽҪݷõΪܼǵеˣү漮ɽݣʮ壬Ӽ游֮ˣϣԼݳϣͬӼݹϵﳤأʮһƵʿɢŽ֪أ֣ϣǾˣɣӼ꣬ڹӼţСϣӼѳý㡣
ˣһһ
Щ򵥵ϢǵӼ˵ԶҲס
ֻһתץӼ׷ʣԶһ˵Իޣټס׵ףȫɣ
ӼϵҪ֪ģʵܼ򵥵ġҴɩӵã޸մӣɩϵãԶӷˡ
һ򵥣𰧺
ˣӼĲ򵥵ӣͣɩȥżͣ򵥰ɣ
ͷ
ӼֵԶӷˣҪȥͣѰɣ
ѣԼһȥҽ㣬һȥá
Ӽֵûվ˵λһǴϱˣһǶϱˣ֣ҡֱףͬҡ˼Ǽס˼ҺңǼӵļӣҲס
оԼе㶮ˣֻǸоֻеѡ룬ģҾԼһʱŪЩװҲװɴֱӸ߱ŪЩô
Լͺá
Ӽ仰𳹵׷ңԼ˺Ͷ̵»󣬿ʼҳοǣǸº͵ˣûЩ£ˣ͸ദˡ֪СǣվţԹ緹˾ʹӻȥϢ
ȥ·ϣҸ
˸ǹżղؼֵǸΪģżҲ飬岻˸ΣŽ̻Ի͵ģԿַۣŻȥˣ¶Цݣ㲻
Ӽչȥһһɫ󻹿ԵǸͷ顣ʦôСЩֻٲһϱ񣬲ԽĸϻӣûǽֵǮ
ͷͬʱɴһǾӸãʲôʲô
֮⣬͵Ȼأǲɡ
ӼָһУͷĶϲֱõĳԼϲģͺá
Ǽ裬ȴǰѸơҪ֪ǰжչӼһ¡ٿĹ٣ֻ˵Ӽϣֻ˵֪ͼǰҶ˵ΣѾʼ˵ǰ£Ժٲñ˵ϼ䣬˵С֪񣬲жȵȡ
ûķЩࡣ
ǣЦǵǳߡͣҪȥҫһɣĸǸȥȴ۵ĻšɩڶˣֻüŴûɲǸã
ӼЦѾͷ
ͷ̽
Ӽʣôˣ
ʦָֻ˿ء˵Զ׼ķϻ
Ӽȴ¶һ
˹ȥӼ죺׼
Сʱûֵģֱӽ椡ȥŸɽ飬ɽŸȡ֣֡ͲԸⱻòûֵ椡
Ӽư˱ڻᰲ¶ԼȢ㣬Ҳֵġ
ҸѼǣʹȴȴ
ӼĴǰӼȴ̵Ĵڡʹе㣬Ȣ֣
ſϣ黰ľģ֪ӼУ˲һĵλ
Ӽ찡ͬҹȻȻһ룬ȻͣӼᱻһڣæ¡
ӼһͷˮУĪĸ𣬵ŭ̵ģôƵô



ڶʮ ̬
δɢ̬ȴ䣬Ǹ˶⡣
Ӽüͷ塣
ûûεʦãҲü಻Բĥô⡣Ѳϣʵ̫ˡʦô˿̵ģҪôǺܲҪôΪԼ׽ԵʣǶ߽֮
˼ˣӼüͷչŸĺ󱳣żʪ¶¶ĴУʣôˣյ̫ȣ
ԼûĽίȻѾʮˣҵһ׼ء
ǰɩûͿʼУ궼ûкӣּ鶼û⡣иҪõĸͬѧǸҽͰɩӵ˵ˡͬѧ˵Ƶʹ߾ͺкӡתɩӺûɩӾ͹ˡΪˣȫҵСҲ¡
Ӽ׺ƵýΪڲкӣ˺ܶƻ
ʵ̫ˣ
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֪ܿܡʮ־ɥ
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ˣӼᣬΪкˡ
һ˲ѣһȱȱ
ⲻ緹ûأӼ˾ԼžͺãҲˡ
Ļͬ⣿ֳɵӣţ㶮ʲôֲǻ಻ãѼҷСЩǡ
һ䡰㶮ʲôӼҡ͸ûгߣȷСԣӼͷʾСģһѧġ
ҪȥԶ
ڱԶҪʱӼ᲻øȥɸãֲ֪ôһҧϸ׼ŸƵʻԶ
ӽغ˶ţӭ˶˽ȥ߱ߵ׺ʹϳĸ岻ʣ͡ĸ׺ɩӺĸʦ˵
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ӽԼӼһţЦҼңʲôأ
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˵䣬ţԺһӼᲢˣԺ˷ϵˣ˺þã˴ˡ˵ˣֻ·ǳҪٿ޳ߡ
һϯδ˵꣬ѿʼѵ⣺ȻˣԶعʲô桭գȥЩӡ
գϵŮ޸ԶСˣӺ˹衣˹˼Ҵ̣ʣˣϡ
һգ˼񣬷׼ණһɹӽԻȥլӽһȥסգֻؼҡգӼȥݼϺ󣬷ĸŮˡ
Ÿʣˣҳ׵ʱ㻹ȥ𣿡
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ӽԻأԼҹŮ˵˵£ʵǡǳ⣺ɺ֡
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Ѽ˶һԣµʣȥ£ҵҪǸʲôö
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˳Ӽҵæū澹һգ̫˵ϻġ
˵ְ꣬Ѳһյľ˵ˡ
һ˻ص֣Ӽ棬һļƻӽԡȻ۵Ȼ졣˳ӼҵĲһ䣬һЦɥӼ۲ѡ˳ϱۣӽʹɫӿ۵Ľȣ¡
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룬Сǿɲܡӽȥᡣϣһ߸ߡĳ߿ĺģ͡
һӾͱǾɵסˣŸ𣬻ϲȻ֪ңҺϲ
Цĵģ⴬ˮءߣ㳤ʶ



ڶʮ 
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ͬʱĿתضǴԡ
ͬ仰÷ָһơȻ֪ҡ񣬱ְ߷ŵģʹϣӽԱԵĳסӽԣȴԭҲҪһԵ˻ȥŷ߷ֳΣһϰΪӡ
ðɡ
۹⣬ֻйӽӣŮˡ
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Լһյ󣬼һżӽԻסͷ䣬ûٿɣһʦ
ԶС
ʵ˳ԶʱθʲôоûСǹӽԺͷĺ⣬ȴ÷ȥͬǶ˽ǰ鴬ģӡ
ӣֻͨΡ˼ȥ裬æòֺᣬͬ˵ѧ¡
Ůѧ˿֯ȥϼѲǴǰֻСʲôѧѵʳ֮пѰ²ʳߣëǡԣ˼ѧƱҪӸԣĵطʼ
ĵװɳ֮죬ڵʽˡϧĿǰޡ罭ĵطʦֺȽͬȥʦֵʸ񣬿ֻͬʿıϷȱ̫ѣڱȽϣģʦı֪أһؿʼѧ´˰֣ȥ
Ҳһԡ
ҵȻ٣ڸĹ滮ΧڡҪĴƴͳ룬롣ǷȥǣߣҲᷴԡ
Ҫ˵ͻķθտڡ
һ˲üӽԶûӽΪżʦҲʮ꣬ʦӲʣżҼǵӣʦܿе룬ǲġ⼸ȴӣǳ֮ʣʱ䵹Ǹոպá
̵Ű׿ˮѹסθչüģءšóǰ׼ļƻ飬
Ƿݼƻ飬ӽѿ
ܵĿǴȫѧԳΪĿ꣬ھڣֻͯԵģҲ·ӡ֮궼ͯԵģҪתѧְҵѧԺˮѧԺѧԺҽѧԺѧԺũѧԺȵȡ
գԸѧԺָ֣žҪתѧǾ䣬˼
ţ
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ͣҼһ鶼ɵģȷʵ
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ӽֱ˵ڣ˵껹ص㲻ӦЩѧԺũѧԺ𣿱ǲʮ飬һʦƫҪȶ飬ƴ泯죬ǻԸ𣿡
ÿɵӵŹӽԣ⻹ףֻҪӾѧԺҵģӾ𣬶Ӳ˵ѧ˸ౣı졣ѧԺܰ죬Ҫո߶޲УũѧضиũµĹǵ˺˽ãڻ¡
ò˵ӷǳ硣
ѧԺ︵ûв䣬ũѧԺȻ˵ͬףеĶʯеʯͷҲԵʵġŪԭ׶ĶʯǸãУֲĶȽࡣǲľеĶ֣ûŲģ˵ǣɶɶôأǲҲ
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һѧԺһȷʵȱˡ
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ҪǸ̫ԭӽԶѷˡ
ͷ˵Ⱥûע뷶ȼӽԣѧԺԿǾѧԺĹ˼־½ѧͱ࣬ơ࣬ˮ½֮֡ͷҪԼ
ʾף½ѧԺ˵ӽԱûʦԶڣҲ˺ܶࣻˮĻʦ֣Ե𣿻бս̴ǲͬġ
Ȼ֪˵㲻ԣҽʦʶʣʲô뷨Ҳ˵
˼Ƭ̺󣬷ԽԽǶ־ضԸƻأҪӽѧԺϵɽңǾѧԺɽ̵ӵͬʱҪЩʵ˵ѶȺܴ󡣡
ԼΪ棬˵겻ȷ˵ɶԼֵŶǲܵ¡
ȴû⶷־̾һ˵ȷ£Ƿ㲻֪ҾежҰھСҲҡ



ڶʮ ʳ
ʱȫ˶裬ĸţ游ڼУһһԣ䣬ڵع⼸ꡣû뵽֮뾩͸ĸһס󣬾˱κһͱ죬ûӡ
ӽԿСȭͷЦڷһ۵ɹæ˵㣬ڼУҲʮ־ģӡ
һɫ䣬æǳ׺ܲЩ
Ѫյͣӽ֪׵ĿĲĶɺ̩룬ưο૵˵˾䣺ǳףҲһܾ
бſſؿỴ̈ûоüģ
ûв˵ӽɫˣæǳ̫ˣûȥˡ
Ļ䣬ͷŮ㣬ҼҹأҼҷ
֣һơıӦͷŸ²ۣ˵Ѿˣ˽ദҾ⻰ԡûܹһˣ׷ˣʲôذͲͨ
²۹²ۣ˶֮Ÿ𣬻ʣղһֱˮΪ㾩̫ô
˵µĸʮֺദԵȫΪ󣬺Ȼʲôθʲôԡ԰ɣֶûţȵˮһЩ
һֱˮаɣҲ֪ʡ
ţǲСʦ˵ˣͷŪƷӡ
Ҽҳ̸òҴԡ
˵ˣ£˲ӦﻹЩɽ髸⣬һ
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ѾյĹ˳ӼҵģЦǫˡ
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˵ѾⶨҲʰˣѾϣȥβʱܳԷˡ
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һգԵ˾Υķˣ˹ӽԣ͸ʹһգ뵽Ӽƣźͷȥ
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˳ӼҵΣӼֱӺ˵˸Ļֵ̫̫ӣҪŵġ
Щˡ
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ӼûܾҲûͬ⣬ʸ𣺡ȥý㣬㼸գɺã
һ軹ҪŪһİ˹ԥܾãҺý㲻죬Ҫ˼ദ۵ġ
Ӽ˵Լͼиʵ˹ȻʡûٲҪˡ
λӵģϿɸĹ۵㣿
ǲ̫࣬Ҳ֪ǻѣԼҵ⡣⣬Ӽû˵۾һתǵȷдŽоĸһΣʱɩҲµڶӡĸտӣҲˣ԰ɣ
ϲʣ̲ǣȥҲֻʣ̫̫ˣӼͬˡ
Ȼ󣬸˸ֵҪ󣺡ȥ¥ɺã
¥㣬Ǹ˽Ӽ֮ǰ֪֪Ĳࡣ٣֪ϱУﶼȥˣȥһǽʲôǰ˵ĻӼΪΪӷȱӣҲ㡣
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Цãʮˣ岮涼ô
ҵүүҪţҲʮꡣ
Ӽңٲȥҵģʦ־ʹӦ¡Ҽ޸󣬵һĵһҪء¥ķҲܺóԣü춼ûôԶʦֲô
˵ˣӼֻôӦͬ
ЦȻҼˣȻҪֿ
֣㲻˵游𣿡
Ҫϸڡ
Ӧû˵˵Ĺϵ˷Ҫȥݷãϵ˵Ӽƣ⣬粽ظŸ



ڶʮ ԬҰ
ֻͬƵģٶȿţҲֻһӾ͵ˡ
𣬸Ӳϵ㣬ƤЦ˻ɽ״Ԫɺ˸סУſڳ⣬˾µķʳ
ٲȥϱûȢˣ֪ɶ
ϳʵ޷Ŀ˵ĻֶӼϿɵģϱô˵Ϊţô˵ҽмأҪҲ֪һġȺ飬ͻеġ
ôţӼ˹ͬԡ
緹ʱһˣСʮ𷹲ûԼڣûʲôζŹܲ˲١㿴һ棬˸Ǳ
Ӽ͸ˣ㸵̻գۼɫ͸Ҫߡ
Ҳû˵һӣݸ
Ǻӷ̫ᣬ鶼ǡ𲻹ʲôأ򿪣ȻһƱҲֻ㣺Ƕ٣
һûֵ˵ʲô˼޶ŮģӲġ˵ˣЩӣԭΪĽŵġЩģء
ôƱһʱ̾׼õġ˾Ϊ֪жġ
Ӽ᲻ԥܾ۰ףΪһЩҲ֮УһĿʵ̫˾ӼӲܡ
㲻мؿӼһۣСӣ˵һЩˣ
Ӽ˵ҵһ㲻ʣɫÿҲû˾ܾ˼һӼᣬһֽƱԺ䣬æ뿪
ԼӼ˸еƱӣȻòᡣ𿿹ȥӼ᲻ȴûܾ˳ưԼĻУ૵˻ʦ֡
Եģȴһ䲻ԡ
úӼὫŭȥ߷֡
壬źʲô
ĬƬ̣룬ֺҼ岮棬ΪȢȢˣδȢ
ǶйµˣҪ֪Ĺ¡ҪǣʱµĻУһյˣ̲ס׽
˵̫ү˸ĵһر׵㣬ͶҵҪӴ¶жص˷ǳвŻͬʱֲŮӵԬۡԬԸһˡ
ֻǽ̫á
ӼԸҡԸ𣬶㹻Ϥֻһ֪ʦԼ檡һ̾ȦϱεĿǣ밦̾ҽ㡣
⼸գԼ̲סֱ˯鷿
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ҹŹ˳Ӽҵ棬Ӽݻңȹʹ۵ҹ鲻Ӽᣬڿʹ˵󳵳ʳٴγ
ͶģǸƹƹ˵¥֪ǲŵǣ¼ʳʰһЩ˹ˣֻҪܳԵ£ʹ˸ң˹
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ſǶѣҲ̫ʣһЩͷԼзأֵֻ֪֪Ǹְ
Ӽ󾪣ϱ㣬ͬˣ
𱳿쳤̾һźأֵʱС
ⳡݣɹҼңжҪӼ֪ݵ壬ɿǸֳҵĲԡ
֪зֱ𣬻ЩƣǶʦôϸСôȫҲʰ
ӼᣬοЩԵģҲҪġּȻ飬ҸѰһЩϿˡ
ҲԵģţѣֲϣֻ飬飬ظ±ֳɡ
ӼӦ¡
ȷк󣬸šиɫʳҲҵʺθڵķˣ𽥽ˡӼ᲻֪Ѱ˻ҽоͶḻԼСӡ
ʱɿ죬ʮ£һСѩ󣬼ҼһȿӼῪʼ˹ɵȥò˵ͬʳԷ۲ֻ֮ͣǰظɸɾػؼҡ
ڼУոһյѧ̰
һ̿飬ѣʵǲסճʱµ徭úã߽ϴµ鼮⣬ҪŪѧƵģ֣ͲᡣȻлûпõˡ
ǷǹӽԣǺͨ
أһŰǱȴԬҵġӼ᣺Ԭ۲Ѿ𣿡



ڶʮ һ֮
ӼȥԺ󣬵һ塣Ǹһûţе飬ô˴š
ӼԺԼ¡
ûô˵Ȼ־ҲûУǰȻ˸Ժ˵ˣɵӲŷŹԬʲôˣµӼ᣺ʲô
Ӽ˵Ҷ˵ֽţԬıȱ˱ˣھǡ
ʮأûпȱǮľٻϺԺأĩûѶԼʦֵܶչ˲ˣӼỹȥһԬۣٸк棬ʣԭıʲôȱ
֪ء
ǻֻǴʦֺαΪɵ˷񣿡ʵⲻ˼·
ıһְλףһְλȴ׵ýӼƮƮ˵꣬Źֵؿ˸һۣʣ㲻
·һֻèΪʲôҪȥޣ
һͣٵ˵̹꣬ϵӼ۾ʾԼĳ⡣
ӼЩãˡ
ʱգ̼ǵ֮УʦξǣԬ۵ͼͽʱʦǾڣʦþ˵ǲصˡ
ǲЩʦأ
ЦŶŶҵ°ʵҪллء̫ҽ˵ҵøûһ磬ҵķҲ̫ãҪԿġأΪֵ磬ҩͳʳţǳ֮
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ҹԬۿʼЩֲֹʼǰ˼˵ӼȻȻؽӹϿ¡
ȻԬµİš
֮ӼȥݷһλѡԬӵ֮ʣȻ֮⡣
үڼң̫̫ӣ͡
Ԭۺ;趼סˡ
ǰԬ֪ӼӼ󣬲ֹһεغڡ֪Ӽô𰡣ԣٴΪȥޱԹԬŭˡΪ趪ϺԺ˴ʦ֣費֪жʲôﲻϲ˵վЩС£
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˼ػصС
ֹգԬ۵ׯ֪ء
ôƫôƶ񤣬ǽƵͬʿ˭ȥԬ۵ĶʦϽʵǵʲôˣ
ȻҪײϣԬ޷ǽյģǰӼϺԺĴʦ֣Ǹķ
ˡ
һŮӣƫΪʦ̳Ԭ۲˵˹ӽԵʦԬ̽˵ӽʮľӣѾǳˡ
ڣŮӳӼӡ
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Ӧ£Ԭûбİ취
Ũ֮ʣĸԸġ˵״̬ȥׯôԶĵط費Ը⡣Ԭؿûж˵ʲô򵥵ʰңԶС
Ԭ뿪ĵڶգ˷Ӧкˡ
ֻϧǣЩ֪ˣԶΪɣķ
費ֻ֪֪̥̣ϧ
ʮһĻŵˣͨ··ͨģָˣ˲ġһЩѲϣһţһ顣
̴̫̫š
ʮ壬̫̫뾩ֱ˳ٻּѲû˺ʣǣĲ͡һȥ꣬Ĳ»飬ٲҪϱϡ
ʴӣĲү°ô
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֪ɽӼͬʱĲף˺μҵӡһ֮£һĶޣǧޣ
䶯ׯ
˵⣬Ӷ˶٣Ǽ̫̫˵Ű˳Ҳһ
ԼҵӾͲôˡ
лӵĸ֪󣬴Ǳ飬ű㱻ͷסˡ



ڶʮ 
һӻгڵǰٿȫ顣ҳϣעˣݸǾȷϵģСдģ߱˵ľ顣
̫вˣ
Ĥݽ㰡
̾󣬸˳طе飬Զ̵ýζӣ֮ԺЦеģҲ
˵ˣϽȥϢ̫̫дϽٹҲһġ
һ߿һϸĵ˱ʼǡһЩòʵģ֪һģϸšææµµģֱд鱻˳ߡ
룬Ӽˡ
Ӽ飬ԵĿݣ鲻շϢϢٿ
žЩۣ·Ĳ󣬿˶̵Ŀģʽ
ӼӸнӹĻƣȫӶԽĳݣȴ鵽˸ıʼǡ
һºСһЩͬˡһ㣬֪ˡֻӣֻ͡˿̣д˼
ϱҲģ
Ӽ֣ԽԽԣϸĿ䣬ȷ椣ҷңý㻹Ҫûô
ֵģֵģϽ͡
û֪صȱȱ
֪֮ͬ޶ԱӼӸ֪ڷչ˿֯ҵʱĻŻĻż֪ҹ̸ϻĵڶգӼƵԱɳٷȥ׸תһȦ㷢ģ֪رᵽ֪ͬƽʿǮľ٣֪ء
ط֪ߣ֪ͬ壬һֱԽƷԷӡ֪ͬκ󣬾쵼֪ЯͬǮľ٣͵˹Ӽࡣ
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ӼźĺҪǮĺһһֱҹﻹծԼһѾˡ
ݹ峿Ӽһ£ȥ
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ɫǳû⡣
һѯʣȷϸʲôʶûк󣬲Ŵæ緹ȥԺî
ټʱҪ˵£ӼãϽͬ˵ˡ
ӼӸģһС
ǽǹ̶ģǾôطʱլӣλö롣λúõģǮҲ򲻵
ԣĵô
ӼϹ꣬䶯ǻеģʹ˶Щˡ
Ҳֻˡ
ֵӲֺ˵
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ӼҪӣȴҪӵģԵĻõġ
˵⻰һ£˸չӼҸҪӣǧ
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ЦǺǵأ˵׬СǮ⡣
ʲô
ѽд飬ҽȷһΣģһȫ飬ô²˵
ǻСǮˡ
ⲻʶֵŮ˲ࡣӼᱣ֤˵ûнĺáңҽæ飬ͶӲ֪Ҫ٣˵㡣
ֻøǳƻͷӣʼ֮ʣھǵĹ£ǧ
ϣôأԼķǮõֱ׳ء
ӼͷʵȱӣҲû£ͬ飺ñͬլӣҲϹȰһ˽ȥöЩ
һҪˣ˾ʣʲôˣլӵֹô
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ʲô⣬ӼܲӼھǵģ;ϸһģѧĿԷǳ͡
ҪһԵ𲢲⡣
ŻкԽԽƯӣӼ᲻Ը⣬ȴ᲻þܾȥ¥ŵǰ㣬һδŶû



ڶʮ ˲Ž
ĽլӣÿһԺԺĽиһĶĻ԰Ϣֻк÷䡣Ƕֵķӣ忴󣬾ȴլ룬ҲլӵĴСЦֵ
Ӽ᲻ϧϱլӣԼҶģ⣬Ե⣬ŴһЩұ˰Ժӣ޴һЩ
Ϊϲסߴӡ
ȴʣҲô
Ӽ֮⣬֣㲻ϲ
ί˵ۼá
ֵĵڶ͵ӾӡȻЩ˰ëƵģǸĵڴŴõǷǳϲġñͬǶԵӣĲ޶ٸо
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ȣʣ㲻֪
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ʮл֮ʣǧϿϡϼڽ˵Ƿ顣֪лδѧʱ㽨ȥԡ
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ȥ꾩ǸϿľӣӼһЩҲͰˣûʲôˣô󣿴ɻӼһģ֪ԭί
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˵ˣԸǸ˲Žг



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ԭƽǰϥֻг·һӡƽòķմΪӡ޵ӣȴͻȳ·廹󣬳·ԭӣȻ
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֪ģĸס
Ϊ֪·СŬڵģ
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ֱ˷ǽĹӽԡ
ͬΪѫӵܣԶʵȨӽǵӣͽӽԵĲ֪ж١·֪μӿƾ٣֪оٺ󣬸ȥͽᣬȥӽ԰æҪ飬Ҫϰ䣬ôԼͼ
һĳ·壬ùӽ뵽˴ǰĵԼ
Ȼӽûôҡ
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ȴ·ǹһĨǳЦ˶ˡ
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ڶٰʮ 
ص·ȥƽ︴ֻ˵ӽԷû˵ʲôȻ٣Ҳйأƽʲʲôȥ
ĸԤǽж·ѹѽյ˵ˡ
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ƽûгϢʣռˡ
̫̫޽ʮ꣬»Ĳʹ죬üѣô꣬ûԺ⣬ͷϵĲٻʮˡ
ڻԺҪԭ򣬴̫̫ûǮˡ
ûǮˡ
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ȵүһ󷿽ʣǵ㶫УĶˣӷ˻һֱȥĴүǸܼӡ
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Լҷôŵĵʮüѣ
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СӲʲôô
ڣǸ˵ĺӣóӵ˵вԼ
ƽԽԽͲǣȡ¹ǽϵıӣ˦˹ȥ
ҴСЩФⶫƽû˾ûˣΪһ£ʱұӣľ㣡֪νСôҳȫ㣡



ڶٰʮ ҪԼ
ƽԶϱߵĺͬѫסһƬĺܶ࣬լۡдСӽ԰ѳ·嶪ڶƽǰֲ˰յ裬ûͳ·Լȥҵʱ䣬Ƶ·СԺǽȥ
ү𣿷ȥ游ˣⶼȥܾ˻ûȥһˣ
ݹϸˣڵϰ
ӽԴ·塣
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˲ԶǸŸ·ĵۣʦֵܵĵۣ·ղĵۡ
ӽԶ˶ƽеıӣҶ̽·ıϢȷ˻źץ˵ۣų·壬˱˶ƽ˼ңԶǰ
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ҪԼ·ĸǰ㣬ÿһ𶼻Լôһ仰



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ڴôܣ˼Ҳ˵ʲôô´̫̫޷һڴϷܵĻ档
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ҲôáƵǣһεƤû¡ڻкüӾѾˡԹ˵š

ӼѾû͸ͬˣ⻰ʱգ֣⿪ϸϸ
ԲԲĶƤϣԵǳɫƣɼƴƤýطҲòȥ治ЩӼȴһۣףȥ
ԸĸĶ£
ʱڴת
Ӽ§Ÿ֣ǰҾ㣬Ǿӵġһ̥ûкǽ󶼲ˡ
ŮʵĶ
ܶʱ򣬲ȡֻ֣Ҫ˼ǵԼĳŵѡ£ǲöຢӡǣӼỹǵôǰԼĻʱ»һ̥ŮһΣҲǲԡ
һʦӵġСָӼĴ֣ǵ
ӼֻԸкӳΣᡰš
˶磬
ԭȵģм䲻ȣֲñ⣬Щȥˣǣа˸µĶӣ׿ǻʱˡÿ˯˯ʱ㿪ʼᱳʹ޷ٰߡ
ҹҲ⣬ǳе¡
׿СץˣˣѾߵĺܺˣҲܰڷ֣˵ģǡš
ӵʱͶŮˣ㳤Ҫ֪𣿡
ţ
ĸ׵⣬ܶ׿֪šͶˡһ˵ţ׾ĵСԴϷ۵СཱུͣѸĶȻˡ
ˣΪôɰĹỤ̊
𰾰׿磬¡
ԤڣԶˡ
ͬ׿Ӳͬ˫̥ھԤԼĪʮյʱ򣬷ˡ
ʱˡ
ӣǰܳʱ˰꣬ûɶõķڷ˵á
ӣ̫̫ǵڶˣͻȵһÿ졣֪Ҫһ˶٣ǰˣֻ̫̫ܺóԺúȵźС
Ѿ˲żˡ
ʵǣ̫ʹˣ
ĸڶͲ۵ģȴǰҪʹ



ڶٰʮ ɳ
ʱ󣬸֪Ϊεڶ̥ôʹˡһ̥ʮʱµĺӣһΣʱӡͬʹָٶȼӿô࣬ɲ͸ʹô
³ߣӼСȥԺ١ԺЩϺС֣ٲһ䣺Ǽ̫̫𣿡
үء
ϣǴϲء
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ȻӣǺӶССͲһ϶û硣һʵҲûģӵ嶼ܽ޵һһ̫̫Ϊ𣬶ҵľˣ̫ү̫ү
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һ֣һæµԱѾǵڶ̥ĸԼˮѳˣӼѶٱÿҶιһ㣬ﲹ
׿ιǻ˵ǡ˭̵ĺӸ˭ףҲҪĺӺͱŮסӼᵱʱȻӦȴΪȻֱ׿СץǰһգΪ˵֡衱󣬲ͬ¡
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ֺ;̫̫л̫̫ʵ̫ˡ˵бµˣ᲻ãԺҵҲõġ
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ܺܲᣬĸײֹԼһӡˣռĸ꣬ĸȹʹʱٲˣ
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λǾĸģɼôס֪˹Ůһ£ѡ
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ỹкֻܶ࣬󣬲ΪǸ˶ˡ
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ĸ˺󣬾ʧãڶӵЦУشɫ¡ǰԬ۵ҪͬЩ߸ϵ
ȻĬĬŹҵķ
֪СӣһرˣǾԼδףû˱׶ӶԼͥҪԡ
ֱ⣬аȵˣĸţ⡣



ڶپʮ 
ѹһĺϴհ˿֡
ʮˣ֪ĺܡΪԼ˼ֵǧӣ뿴λүӼȻڼңǣҸˡ
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ΪίΪΪլסǸ𣬸ģҲǸʧȥ˲֪͸Ů***Ҫʹ졣
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ӼڶŸţԸ裺ЩˣҳԹȥ
˾䣺õı
迴Ӽһۣû˵Ӧȥٰ졣
ϴ˵
Һ͸Ҳûֱϵ׾ھǣ󣬷Զҷɸϣ̫̫ļңˡзҼҾ죬ͳļ˹ء
䲻࣬ȴǹϵõġʳģ㣬ȻǾϸҸ㡣
谴ոķԸȥһӣǰͰȰ˸ˣһһһӲŴӾĹϹ
Ż鳹׺ˡ
Ҫ֪ȥϼûĺ÷òءӼӴ࣬ͯƹӴȴ٣ܽ˵Ǹû˵Զ߸ϡƫЩٵģͳһף˵ǽʡ
ʸͷ
˵õʾǺƶѡ
ԣµķˣһǳԸ֮֡ӣܳȴԼβж
ͨı֣ɢͯӡⲻС˽һºһӳ
С˲ӣƴǵСֻˣԸ֮һ֪
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Сŵлӡ
ʼ̻ʵؽʳԵöԲ֮ʣӼˡȥ鷿
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ǺһӼԳ˲Żῴֱʵֻ˵ļƻɣ˵
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ûʲôûпӣӼ᲻ȷҪǴ˼ʣĸȥԣҪ˼
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ҲǡԥƬ̣ʵʵ˵һξ룬λǳǾ͵ĸã࣬۳ɱҲߣٲҪһʵݣǲšǮ㹻طҲ޷
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Ƭ̣Ӽյһ飬ʹ˸𸴡
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Ӽᴧżƻ飬ȥ
ĸʳֻʱж̣ɫָӼ򵥵سĻֱĸźͷ̨Ĳ뽨һֻһ̨ȴȱӣֽ
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ӼֱӵˡĻܶ࣬˼һġ˻࣬еģһˡ
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ˣǴܻҵʦߣ
ͼΪԼֻϧӼ᲻ӣЦؿһۣǴҵʦ㣬Ϊʦ
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αص棡
ʦ֣һᰡ



ڶپʮһ ڷ
ʥ˺ӹ߶ΣУ³˺ͷԣྩǧļ뾩Ϊݡ˫һ²ʮգյϢ
ֻλӣŸһĳӣ˱ȽϺáʱգӵʮһĸԭүΪӣѽ̫үԱ֮£ˡүһϣֻӼһ˵֮ǰʮˣֻһŮ
һεӣ峤ЦеأеĲӼ󲮸һ
ǰӼӦ׷̫үĹʧǰˡ
̫үӦ֮ǰλԽڵĳӣŪ˽֪ء˼լһһؽԣүʹ̫үĳʶҪμӡ
ڼ˶ܽš
ԣղŴӴҪӵ峤ˣ̫үҪӲɣ
᣿峤ֺϷЦǺǵ˵չǸϲ¡ֶϱ³ӣ¡
̫үЦ
ʲôȥ׿ǰ㣬ԼһڷһݣҪ󷿳ǮڷˣһһεأʲôʱǸͷ
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ûϽӵܣȴڷ̰ߡϸӹ󣬴̫үϢˣ峤һͽһ޶̫үӦֵӼ֮ᷴʡѣ˴ʵӣס峤
ȻӼᵥ꣬ͻȻĿڣƲ׷Ĺֻˣһ
̫үʱѾʮ壬Ҳںףûסľٶֻ˸ֵܰĺ;ѵý̫ү֪;ûǰԼһ࣬ȴӼһϽǸúúý̵ˡ
뷨̫үӦ
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գ̫үգȻײֻҪ٣͵þҡ˵ˣײʲôү˵͸أ
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̫үץסᣬ̫̫̫һ飬̫̫ݳͬһĽլӡǡǰţǼҰҲҪ϶ʸԹǲ뾩ס꣬ͷݶ׽һ¡
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̫үֵԣȴŹ¡뾩ȥֶϱ̽̽ڷ磬˳㴦լӵ¡Խٴ뾩ϡ
ӷֿã̫үΣ̫̫ҲϰΪ̫̫һʰңһԼȥţԼҲҪ뾩¡ϽһϼƣɴཫլӰһиӦ˵׽
ʱ£էҶʼ֮ʣ˫̥ˡ



ڶپʮ ʥ֮
ǴǰӴĺãһ̥ȥҲҪԸоҽӡι˫̥ҲֻڰС峿ˮ㣬ӶܳԱһ𣬱һһӵιιϴ϶ͶһֱֻϢ
ӼпҿӲ죬ڡ
˫̥ƣʱҲֻһʵǲþ񣬸ڵġԣӼô˵ԸˣܲƫĵιһɣҪʦһң
Ӽӣ˵
³գʷķ˺Ȼ𣬼񲻼ãԵҲû˵ֻϣֵŮ죬дɡ
ҪæʷĹ١佫׵ˣûн飬л󣬵Ҵ󰲣벮ĸɩɩǳ¥ϯ棬úлһлĸ
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˳һ£ʣҲһ䣬ΰңҶлʦ֣ұټ£Ҫλش𣿡
Ӽ˵ֻ˵ʥ֪ҵӣ˵ӵ¼ɡ



ڶپʮ ı
Ӽ֮ԣ㲻ü١
ͬۼԼҲΪͷ˵Ϊ˸ļѣرΪ˸ܹƽضԴӵʹࡣӼ֪ӣģ㲻˵˸ι̵˵ˣֳԼǸûõģʵ˾
Ҳһĵһ
΢ֻӵĸףȴλӵĸף֮²ΪѵĸסӼṧάš
˵һЩãʵʲûĻ
ֻͬӼ˵˻ỰࡣǣӼһ˵˫̥ʹơ
󣬲ֹһգͬһټӼա
ڹ⣬Բʹ֮ˡ
ӼŶϲûչ¶ͨԶʷλԼ밴սǰ㣬δʵ֣ЩˣӼᡰڵġ֮磬ѹµϢӼᣬӼϲǲΰ롣
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³ӼǰؼһʱǴӹġ
ֻ꣬ҪԸ޺Ӽ㲻ͬν޻˵ԣԹ˺һӼȥ㸵𣬰ѹڵϢ˵ˡ
գʺˣ
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˵˾䣺˵ºͻʺĸΣ
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ڵۺ飬ǸӼĹķΧڡ
⻰ҪʳΪ̫ӣΪβûʳȥ׽ʺ󣿻ʺ˴ӣӳճʲôõǵģ
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ǰòҪߣ˼Ҿܾʺ壬ͳϵ¡ʺûʵ۷ģŮĵչҲãһùϡǱȽϻþһЩĸʵ۵ǻ̫󣬺αزЩ
ӼĽ˵µ˵ʺЩ˼Ҫܼͺˡ
ӼֱЦίʦˣҵĹְ̫С֮ڣûʺʸˡУǵ˹ܺ󹬣Ҳʺġ
𲻹׸пһ䣬ҪȥʹЦת˻⣺أʦֻǸƷĺֶѣƴһֻҡͷλƫƫҪһװȥѹŹ֣
ӼҪʵǰˡ
ô
λı򵥱ԼĹ۵㡣
Ӽᶮˡ
ԼʦⲻǿˡͻȻ֮䣬ӼЩšǰĽʦȣ֪ʦŮ֮飬ƫԸַʽ˰ס꣬ӣ֪Լеλá
ʦããأ
Ӽòţֻ֪Լӿ˶١
ЩЩеһ죬˵ʮëӼԽԽӲЦУڸĿڣ⣬ʦֲŵԳУбعɫһˣʵʱĽʦ֣֪Լ䲻ϴʦ֣Ϊ˾˼ѽʦУٲȱһͨͷ֮ǡ
һǾͲ
ŰʲôģǸĲˣʲôģһξ͹ˡ
̶̵ʱ⣬Ӽᾭࡣ˵ʱĽʱ޲ýͰغլ͸ͬߡס嶯ӼᶯŸĵ˵䲻ʦãʦòɫɫǼõġ
ǺһЦ
ʦë۾ë
Ӽж󣬺ȻԸұȥǹ󣬱
һ㶣ʵҵҪμӻô֪
Ҵǰֻ̥᲻ӡҵʱǣûжӣŮˣ˱˼ҵˣҲͰˣ˶ӣزǱЩ˸ϡڣٲǼõģֻҪЩСæ
Ӽš
ȴǺȻ棬˵ӼĻʸͣ



ڶپʮ 
Ϊˣõķޣǰĸĸǿƣϰֿºͣʵʴѹ̫󡣶Ϊ˵ĽᾧƽЩ֡
֪ǲΪԽûʲôԽӵʲôǰԬõ꣬ĲӼᣬͬõꡣǰãʶӼһ껹Ҫʱ綪ǺøУȫͶ뵽˼ϡȻѾϴʦֱǩĲӼᣬȴ˰ʯ
߸ϣһ˵˲óƨģ֮ܶһ仰Ϊ˽ʦ޳Լġá룬ǡֵģҵɣö֮γϰߡϰ߳ȻǺӼ꣬Ҳӡ
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ڶپʮ ٳ
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Ĳ˽һֱƺΪӣϱôƺ
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ţҲţŵԡ
Ǿ֪ʲôСЦǺǵӦУԭĲ̫̫
ϲϰĳƺһЦ
пûð㣬ղ䡣㣬Ȼź˵ģͬḾˣͬҲ٣ദǢ
ñͬ˺ҵףõǰδеӣ֣Ҵ̫̫ݣȴܵ˵ĵ



ڶپʮ ײĸ



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̫̫ƤӶ̧شַɿ̫̫һ̥Ԫ¾񲻼ãֻλϵķˣԶķ˺
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ŻԴȥǰԺһԺ˼Ĺ󸾡ӸڼƹӼ˳Ʒӣȥ˺ַ
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ֶϱô˵ֶֻ˹Ͷܣ



ڶپʮ 
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ǿţһֻһתԱˤȥ



ڶپʮ ƺ
龪һ
ӾôĵطͲӣŸ䣬˽ǲ˷һһһҷס˸ַֻһѣ̫̫ߡ
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ӵѽֻʣˡֵլͳԺĶʹ˱˹ȥӼ˵˿˸ϻҲżʰ̫̫ҲȥԵʣֻŸ
̫̫ţ˲ϾЩˣ˹
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ڶپʮ 
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һӲƥϸɫɫУ̫̫䲻֪ۣҲ֪Ҫӡ̫̫ŵĽţЦŰСӣһӣӾͰ׷ˡʶӣû֪ġ

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ϿȥĹĸٿԼţ̲סΪδıϱһͬᡣ

̫̫񲻶ٴԣɱѧСùã˳õ˼˼дϣ

뾩һ죬ǷϵڶĻˡСùòǰͶӸеĹŮõô˵ЩʣôذɣĿ¶

̫̫Ϊίæ̫ģѾͷû˼ģ

ŵĻæɽӻĸģܸɣûռ˱˵ġ

⻰˵ɼˣ̫̫¶΢ЦĶ࣬Ǹų⣬٣ԴҲȥ̰˵ġ

̫̫ΪɥûˣΪ˲ֻԼųԡСͻıΪиĸ޸ĸˡ

ᣬϼ̫̫ɫָ˵˳ĸСùǱõԱһТҲûʲôɣңСùøһŮ׼һǧҲˡ

ͬ뾩ӣ԰ڹԼ׼Ķˡ

ǲ˵صֻ˵䵱ŮģǷϺÿҲһءּܾ̫̫ô˵ϣҲԼţдʡ

̫̫ϱ˵滰Ͳ˵֮ҡڡ

ϱƵ飬ʣôˣ

̫̫ΪŮԼһɼˣҪģϲģĸס⻰˵ܲ顣

˼ã̫̫ĵһԴǣӶǶԹˣǰֳɵӡ÷ôƴǣɲΪݣΪţСźӣǸжֻ֮㣬˿֯һӣ

Ϲ˿ִ֯㣬ٺϽּʶЩ֣ɷϹˡ

ϱ굽һǧٶ

ǳȥ˵ĹǮϰյ긵̫̫ǹǮһӡ

̫̫˿֯ΪɣͶ뵽ǮСùûǮûֻŮ£һǧӸӱ񣬺ܶ𣿡

գգۡ

أǰ¶ĺúõģĸ£˿֯СӵĽţҲǸСùõġ˵СЩµǮ˿֯ࡣôôͷСùãǸˣ

ǰҺڣ˺ɱ֤ĸʳǣ˾ǣĴլӣ͸ϴĸ̾ú

̫̫̫̫ͬʱӶԷ￴һϢϱý̰

˵ϵǰͷӼѾɽڵˣ¡ǴĲź͸̣Ҳһƪ

Ӽ˵ԼƲ⣺Ļԣ롢λһĿԱȽϴλĻӵʤܴ󡣡

ˣӼ᲻֨ˡ

ҲûĿ겻нʿǶס

˽ϣֻʮС֪ףĬһ룬ƿ޾һ˵ĸ£ȥ겻ˣҲһ£һĲţտʼŴȥ¥һǰ˵һλá

ֻǸŵĲţǣӡ

ϹӼˣĹȥдһ飬ٶһΡ

ֻɽ¡ӼῪڣɽʣһ£ô£

ܼҳ󲻿ӼΪ˲ɽͬ飬ٲð鶼˵ˡҴ̫ү峤һȫ˵ˡ˵Ӽ壬ʤСҺͽѰ˼ѧ棬

ҲˣǺģɽһǸҳĵߴ

ɽãǣڽǣǡûӺһ֮˶ʮ֪ĽʿүȥֱЩʲô

ԣëԼ㲻УܲܽйŮŮ۸

ҪǣŮļҲֻŮģҪѾôܱأ

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Ӽᣬ赭дغͼ˵˾䣺ǰͷˣ˵͵ҵ龰Ϊƣʦָͬܣǰܺһˡҹţͷˡ
˵⣬ּ󼸸ǲ˵·Сġв֮˲õˣҺʹʦ֣ҲΪġ
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ἰԶĿһɨȥ˷ӦֵǣˣڣûжӦŶ
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ձôˣϢȲѣлȻ룬˾ͬʾҺ͹ӽԲ찡
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νķǣǮľٺͺĩģͬӽԺġ
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ӦֻּΪ⣬ЦøˡøڵһѧĺУǱȹøֵþء
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˼ҴŶϰģţ
̫үδ֮һ˰ߣֱ˻ȥߺֻСӣۼҴ̫үôô죿
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˵ĺã̫̫ϣҵ˹Ǿų˵ʲôܽСӼӡ
Ħȭƣĵ˵İɣҹŮռ˵ˣȴ붼룡
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ԵĻҴ·䲻࣬»ؼҵ·ѣʣҶҡֻȥڣڵķӻ᲻ϲӰ죬ͱˡ겻Уٵǡ˵
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ҲıģԼҿԺģƾϵ£֪һЩſھʴ̫̫ȣж˸ϿԺߣʮøء
ʮüˣǰλڵʮһˡʮһҲǹʮ˵һʮˣ죬Ĳһĸʮ졣



 
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֪Ӽô˵Ļ죬Ҵ̫үǶˡ
Ȼÿ궼ҪӸ壬峤̰ۣ˵Լﲻ峤һְأ



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ȥһˣûӼ̫үͿؼı峤Ļ̫̫ҲͲסŭϦģ֮ǰ˵꣬˼ҵլӣֻǧʰá
ɴ̫үѾԼӵˣĻȰȴ̫̫˵꣬ûϣǼҵˣº׽ǣһؼӣ
̫̫һЦӣ̫߿Լ˰ɣҵףڳɶʱҵðģʲô£
䣬̫ү䣺Ϊɶ֪ܵͼ۽ӣ㣬̰֮˽ȴãԣ
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̫үߣ˵Ѫ˵Ĺ򣬻ȥ÷˵ʲô
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ֻǴÿ궼ӣҲ룬κηʡٲἸ䣬˵Сʲôġί꣬ü˾䣺ÿ궼ǧӣ治ۣ
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һֱ׷ϸ׺͵ܵܣŬ٣ҲΡֻ̣Ǵ̫̫Լ̧ģ̫үδƫ˭ܵĽŮڣ֮ǰƵģӼĸ
ԣ̫үֻ֪ԼŹ٣ӣȴûȥˡϣʮҵס֪Ǯı켫󣬾⣬Ǹʣµġ
̫̫˶Բߣÿ겻һЩТҸĸҲ𣿡
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Ӽݣ˴̫̫Ĺ£ƣüġ
үǺοţ
̫̫һüģһ̾ϢʵڲµԵʣƲȥԼļױ˵꣬ŲҪТһЩһЩǮûбٺõĹˣڷѾ˼Ϸһ
ݴһδѡ
⣿̫̫ˡ
عأԼҲе֮䣬زƫġĸԭΪҲһڴ̫̫ĵطɫ
̫̫ʮŵ˵ĸ׵ޣǾֵģĸ׻ܲô֣
Դ̫̫ĸ֪
ȴǻƽ֣¾ͲһˡΪһЩ˽ȻҲΪܲң
үΪô룿
ô룬Ƿ˵ġԭǸ׵Сˣ飬׵Ľĸ˶ٸҡҶ˾䣬ܶ١ԭ˵в֮˵ʵõޣʮ䣬ĶɶǧĶɽ˰ĶҲׯӵˣûˣ𣿡ҧгݵ˵
̫̫Ŀڴ
ӼһСׯӣҲûЩҵװ
̫ү벻óȥ;˼Ҫӣû뵽ŪӲϡ
һУѾ·ϵӼᣬȻ֪ҲûȤ֪֪˳һ䡰áҲûȤˡһҺӼ֮жһûʵԬۼ
һΣҪѹס
ʮ¶ʮģһѩ
ѩУδķԬ踩׼񣺡ӭؼҡ
ԬȴתƿӣԷһλŮ
ŮʮģŸ˷٣ü۲ϸȴһˬ֮ŮһִԬۣһַڸ



һʮһ ֮
Ԭ۴ŮվȺ󣬷ȥӣǺض¶ڲסٻӰ
ɷϣϲֻͣǰĲ仹ͷԼ겻ڣҲ֪ûиı䣬ЩԬ۵ýɡ
ѩů˼֡׼κ׼̧Ԭûô˵Ͳˡ
˵꣬΢΢һЦǳְһԬۼеģ
ȻЦȴֻάһ˲
迴˷ŮӣȻʧ䣬вõз˲Ϣһգ۵Ķʧ
ԬһֱȻûб顣
ŰίھǿԺӣԬüĿӽܣϣĸµӡ
ϣлԼ¡
ʥ֣һǩı檣һ̧ŵӡ檲ǩ⣬˽ӡԣ檻иƣȢ檶ģҪһͬ⡣
ԬۺׯָʷŮһģдŻҪͬ顣ݣ檣Ȣô
ۼŮϴ棬̫̫ŮҲֻܱţȰ裺¹ʲôǲɵģӣҲĥúӣĻΪӣһ
ûжʱҪίȫӣ˶ӣҪΪ˶Ӹ͡ѵΪŮӣǴдı𣿴Ÿֲʺίʱûľ裬Ӳ˰£żĳͬ飬׽Ԭ֮
ʱҲׯˣȻΪ£һڡսı䣬ֻǷ֮Ĺ֮
˸лԼû⣬軹ĵ׸лλͬ硪̫̫ôһλڣ򲻻١
Ϊʮ׼ľ裬һǳЦϣʱס
ζڸǵĺü壬֬۶ڲסİƷɫǺԬͬļ
òϣԬۺһġĵģϵĵɣ
߹󣬲ԭľ裬ͷӿԬƳʲôװ䣬ͷ䣬ӲʣȽݰɡ
ԬҵԺҲȿֵլԺܹסˡ
ȥ˶Ժ߱ߵͬߺ޶ԺӸ᷿һС
Ժ¸˼ӣԺյشŵ÷ڣʹӦоУ׵
ϰ׵󣬾ҲԬȥԵԼĪҪˣȥ
Ԭ۶ıֺ⣬˳ƽӻһûһȥ
˵꣬Ԭְϼ䡣죬֪Ԭ۵ӣû֣ؿŷ˿Ժ
ԬŶſԼ˯һθܵصϵЩ˵һģӡ
Ǿͷһ⻰費ˣ˲Ͼƣֱӷ۾ҰŲǺһģӡ
Ƿ־ĸı䣬˶ڲ࣬Ǿ㡢ҵĳƺԬҲǺЦӣʦÿˣ
Ƶ˵ң
˵ǲңʵˡ
ʦȴ֣ͬԬε״̬¸꣬ڼӣԬǻϲߴپ裺Ȼңʰң
ҪϷ˼
Ⱦ迪ڣﲢŮѾ
ԬһϴصңԬѾšڿ϶ңƺǸĶԬۣǳϼҳȹ裬һָڽЦǾǵ
Цݣȴǰ嵭ů⣬Ԭ˳ˣͬӡ
ӽƬ̣ȥ
ԬЩ׾˺ЩͺԬԼСľһľƬͷ֡
Ԭ۱в졣
˵Ѿʶ˺һЩ֡˵˾̴ģ͵ʦ
ԬһãѺϡϺ͸Ĺϵ˵ˡ
ԬЩŹֵʾ裺ͬǺû˵ʲô
ʵʣһֱ߰ʦãͻȻͬˣ
˵̫̫˵һû飬˻ܾɣ˵ѾһûˡϺԺĸӣ궼Ҫμӻԣ̫̫ҡң˲ˡ
˴ԬɫһʣϺԺĸɽҲ˲ɣ



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ԬæҲأһдʦ˵
֪˷ε˳ҳ֮⣬ʦҲǹûԣʾ裺Ҳ꣬ҵ񣬿аʱȥ
Уһҡ
˵ţȡ˱ָԬơ
˱ϵ֣һԼңģǣԽǺͷ֣ԽǵȻֻһ֣Ԭ۾ϲòСٿЩĿһǧӶǲġ
Ԭ¸ж˱ž֣ʣÿӣ㶼ȥˣ
أ˼п
Ϲ󣬾ǳǳ˵żп
Ԭ࣬ȴͷͷһߵʱǧӣ괺ǧ괺ϸҪͬʱǧʵʸ˾ǧһͲ˵ˣûʣ¡ڻûδ׼ԣõǧģֻȥꡣ
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ȻԣûС
Ԭգ۾ž裬㲻ȥׯˣԭΪ㲻ҳԿࡪ
˵꣬üˣ⾩ҲֻׯǿһЩԺûıȺôһһģ㻹˼˵ţϣ߾ûĿϵ˰ɣ
Цŭ䣬赽׻ǰìͷָϡ
Ԭ۵ľѲſǻģЦС̳ӡ
ֱ׳ӣ׵ţ
Ԭϲģһ䡰֮֮⡱Ϊͷϸϸ˵ԼȢԵɣׯˣ˾õλߡָֻͣܵáһεֵùЩʿյյյ¶ǣ˹ȥҾѣѺϳ¡
ϾȼȢ𾪵úϲ£֮ʣԬ۵ǲͬ飬Ҳġ
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費֪߼ʣӵˡǶƤûĸ£زһеġʹ죬һ١ٶ£
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ΪԬ飬ſǰܣԬȴΪҪҪǰ;Ҫȥɡ
ԣԬ˵ȴָʷΨһ顣ΪϣָʷΪ࣬ҾΪ·ķϣҸһλáһӡںŮҪԼˡҽձѻ⣬Ͻޱġ
飡
ز֪οԬˡ
ʱԬֵǽָʷͬʱ뾩ٲʦһҪִ㣬ǡá
ҵĴȣ϶ĵλء
ޣ񣬵˱ûءģ꣬˸ӣٲǰСˣ
˵⻰ľ裬һҧгݵζʵ̫Ԭϲˣ޲ھڣѹ¡Ԭеǹ¸ΪҪ֪˵٣ȳԷȥҡ
㰲緹Ԭ۵棬ϸԸ˶Ժһݡ
ԬۿЦá
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֪Ԭ۵ĸˣλҲˮǴߡ
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࣬ڼеϣǰӼͣʰأ£ܵĺòã
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һʮ ܶ
ԬһΪѵ˵֮ѧضӡֻӼǹֱѧ㡣
˵ǰգǽգҲһɵ˺ڻϽǵͶϡΪӼʥ˺ţͷҡЩԣӼһ͵ģضӭ
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ԬĲ
ȥɽ޲ϵһԭԼдȣǣɽ˵䣬˺ǲѵġȥȰӼᵽԼӪ˵⣬⣬Ҳ
ɿɫãԬڣѧУȴ֪һС
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¶ȻһԼ裬״˵̳̽ˡ
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Ԭһ̣ᱻһ㡣ϾϲԣԬһһ𣬱ȥ⡣
дԣ֪Ǹĸģ
⡭ѧѶδϣ֪ͬʲô˽á䣬ȴԬ۷ڸ֮ԡ
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ɽַϣҺʱ˵ˣŮУŮˣӼᣬҲ᲻˵ġ
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ǳǰѾñͬΣ·ʱ͵ˣӵҼүεС˰Сͨ
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ԬۺЦл򣺡Ҳȥ¥



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˿ڼУԬҲͲˡ²ñ͡
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Űݣûܽƹ񿪿ڣԸ˸ɽһܱȥլ¥ѲǸҲҵ
סɲǣѾǳطֶԸɽɽ롣
ӣҪ๧ж๧
ɽԬǸڴ֮ͥɡӡûиõķӣֻƹС
ŸɽŵЩͷֻּһʶԬۡ
һ˲ŴӴú˳ȥּԬģת㣬ϺԺĵطȥͿȥĵط
˵ּ꣬ƹͷͬ
ԬؿŶȥȴֻ渵ɽһ˺á
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֮ǰĲһʦôԭˣԼô˷ĶȻҪС֮˲ųɡ
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Ӽһһ˵ŴǰǳŬؿԼı顣
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Ը˵͸ˣ޲Ԭһ٣и̵֮ǵþӶڲ֣Ҫˣͬʩһ㣬ҽ㲻ʩЩѧʶʦ
ֲųԭԬ˵ֵĸɽһͬ÷һɫ
ʵ˵֪Ԭ˾ʦţûôΪԬ˵㻰Ҫȥˣȷӵ֣ԼǳһнԼ׾һƷˣ˶
Ůûм޸ˣҡ
Ԭ׼ɽ⶯ģǸһ仰ԬĿ⣬˸ϡ
æ˸̣˺ɽ˵ܲԣԬⲻǡ
СĹҲǹ٣̫֦ҶСסʮ꣬οԬۻǸС٣
䣬ô˵һ䣬ʹ
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Ҫ㲻ǵĲң
ŭʳָָƷУԬۡһָţԬ۸ܵǰδе裬ȵ걳ң߳Ժ



һʮ 粻
ȥּƼһĻһ˸̵֣ѵ⣺ôûص£ĸģԬⲻǡ
һãɽûʲôӦּҲ˵֪ȷʵˣŵ˵Ԭ˲ʦ֣ʦ֣Ҳ˵ָ
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Ԭ֪ѲˣеαװЦѲΪӼᣬͬҿ⣿
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Ϊ
ţҲԸΪӻ䣬ĲŸųȴҲ˿ڡ



һʮ 
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Ԭ۵ıѺ󣬶ϺԺеѧӣǲϣġΪЩ˺ԬһǳΣŮӡŮʦ
йӽԡĳ·塣
ǰʦô࣬·кܶΪӼĹͣʦҲΪ˺͹ӽͬʦֵܡ
Щʲôûȥ͡
ֻţЩֻҪܱȴǰĶãΪѧ£ϲνûڴЩ˺ԬһԼҲٴʧ
ڣЩˣȻֻɽǰڰҪԬΪе£ҪΪԼٶﶼܱл⣬Ψͬ
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֪ӼʲôĸȴΪ׵ԬۣȰ£Է´ǿЩԷɣһûȥء
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ɽ
ҪɽСˡ֮󣬱㿪ʼ߿ࣺϲԳԲҲˣֻӵӣԼҲ̫ӲЩԬǲãǸڴ׸֮ܵģϰְﲻϣǺã
ȰƣȰҲɽ˽Ӽᣬ֪Լûʱݷʮ겻ֺҪԼһˡԣѡӼᡣ
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ϺԺλֻּӳɼãʮ͸ɽڶٿ⡣͸ɽĿǸУε޷ˡӵĿǶףοŰȫ˭Ҳ˵׼ȡӺڸλУΪӼӹӡ
˳ֵġ
ӼҪĿ꣬лһڵľλλȫСУУл壬һ֮ˡ㲻һףø״ҲǺõġ
ɼգӼǳݵС񣬱ˣܳŵס˾ûοͷһյӼᡣ
Ӽῴ˿ɫ߷ߡ
ϡһ졣
׿ˣ֪˵ãʳпޣɫزȱԼôķϣһֺη¹һ˿û˵ĸ𣬾ȴܿܣٴηԼϥǣʦ֣۹Ǻܺأ
Ӽȫȥ˸䣬ֻè¶˸Ц˵˾䣺Կô
𲻽⡣
ӼҲ˵ٴ鲻ԽȥҪȥӼᱧģϵͳ˵˵ôŮӣҶ㡣˵ۿͺã˵ã
˵黰˵黰ʵ̫Ҫˡ
ٴζס
Ϊµ֮ǰȾ俼Ĺһʿ俼󣬶ᱻս
ͬʮ俼״Ԫֱӽԡ
ͽܴ˵ٹ֮֮ʣһŹֵͷ



ٶʮ δ·
ķʹӽԣ˸һΪûμ俼ɣ
ӽԾȻ˵ͷ
ֹǸҲ֪俼ʱܲˢˣ˷ˮ롣ӲԵǰʮѡһףǰһѡסȹӽԺõģȴһ֮⡣
ԣӽ״Ԫۺˮƽ״Ԫ
𶼲òϣӽԾǿϣǶʿǸ״Ԫأٴ
ŸͿʼ߿ࣺμĿ俼ҲͰˣսҲġɹȥҪȥɶҪҵ
ȥɶȴΪ˴ɹš
Ϳ󹥴ʣʥּͬظľűϣɶܱһֱԮӽѡԮֻ뾩ʥ󣬱һϡ
𾲾ţ΢
ӽѡȥԮ˼ӼһԮʹɹߵӡƸԶܱԶսǸر𻤶ӵˡ״Ԫ֮žĺ˼½״ԪŪԣ۰ȫϤԮɹš
ΣӽǴӣڼվҪԼĵմӡԶߣ˾Ҳ˵մ˸׵Ĺ⣻֮ƽȴЩڣӽ˾ǾҲûġ
Ǿڵλã
ӽͨԮܺ;֮꣬ı˾ְ֮ʣ˳һѧԺҲЩ
ϣ𲻽ùӽȥԮ;Ӵ˽ˡ֮ܽܵĻ˸ˮ⣬㶫˾Ҳԡٴֱ̫֮ҲǸѡ
ͷ˵һ⣬ȴ˵˵䰲˺󣬸ȥһȥɣӽϱú˵˵ȰӽԸĸ⡣
ӦˣûôûôĶûȰסöϱȰˣŶԶϱиɱɵ
Ŷӣһϴǰºͣȴֻ˵Ϊλ
ǳӼᣬҼλأ
֮Աǡ
ʱ˵ˣ׸ԸϣƵӼ׳֦ӼһӣǺ͹Ӽ½ʱ쵽һϸһԭ½ʱŮΪݸѾȥˣȥԼҺʱԷʢ˳ľ裬ԸλŮӣǲм
ӼύĶ󣬱ƴ֮˲С
˶ƣԭĿɽѾˣϹϵֲﲻ׸ùϵ
£ʹӼᣬӼ˵ϵǻʮ꣬׸˰˴Ρ߸ˣ׸˭ʵ
Ҳ˵ӼΪͬ۵׸˭ҪҪͬԼ뷨
Ҳ˵Բԣǵŷ棬Ҫ˵ʲô飿ʦ£ĵͬڱˣò԰ˣ˵ˣ˵˵ɡӽԵ˼ҲȥԮ
˵һ
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Ĭã˯еĶӣᶨǰҸȥһ˰աʱһʦʦһϡ
˵ʦ֣Ǹʦĵǡ
ʦΪˣֽڴֺ׵ų置ĸȥ置ΪöĶɡû¾ͻظˡ꣬ǲСĴ˵ĵй¶٣һ·ϣ׵ķһ٣˳ָԼ˸Ůӡ
ɲ۰޴͵ˣҲֻܵŴš
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˵ŸʵȴҪŸ



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̹ϵĿ⣬ӼЦЦãɢݺıְ
ӼӦº͸ջؼˡ
ȴٶЩӰɣ³ǷգǸ԰ѾŪһȥһ߲١
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ȴ˵Ժһգزô
ɽҲ˲ּҵ˶ڣǳ⣺˵ʲôҪŮôܸУҪŮĺóŮĺУ
ּҲϣֱӱԹù㲻ͲҪ˵
ͷڴļŮԱúãʦֳϾͺǼܡνѨ磬ʦž˭ԱúãͶ˭áĲ˵СøԱѵĺãʦôܶã֮Сù̫ˡ
϶ίֻ˵ﲻʹּڷʰ֮ʣȥ̫̫ԹԼҹùһͨ
Թԣ̫̫Ȼ֪ӵ˼ˡԹùûء
һ޳ȥĹŮʹӱȣ϶ӸҪǣ̫̫ŸѵӣˣöúһЩСп˵Сãѧ
ּʱ˸ס
̫̫ʱ죬˵㻹ǸõģԴ˸ˣҲͲֵʲôˡٶ˵һ䣬˵ֻƾЩôۼҵĺãҲôΪ롣
ּϽ֪ˡ
ٲ˵֪ĸ˵޵ݡ
̫̫û˵ӣ룬̫̫˵һ飬̾һмͷǵĶӣٲǶˡԭ˵ģžôһӣûºȥܣԼһӡˣҲָˣٲ㼸ˡ
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̰ǿҲãǱ֡
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ϸϽ๫Ѿˣ۲ùüһ
ּûûϢ
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ǰûϢ
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ϴ⣬ԺֻҪּ뾩Ͽ͸šԵĲ˵ǼʶҲǺõİһˣҲôò֡
̫̫һڶͷϣŭô˵ϱأǰ͹ԺѲ㣬ӡҲڼң£أҶԲϱұ֤㡣
Уּ󷴲
ģ๫ҺܺõġϸΪ֤
ôӺ̫̫Ҳ̾ھ꣬˵ӣҲҰ˼־˾Ķ̫̫룬ȥ˵˰޵Ļ
һ磬̫̫ͽ֡˵ǰ˵СȻ˿ڣǾ͹˷ߡкӵĸǲܼЩôЩöҪ֪Դñӡ˵ӣŮʿүҲŲ⸻󣡡
ɽΪôԼǣģҿʿֻΪԺиʿɽûԵ˼
̫̫ͷ֪Ǹõġ
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̫̫һڹȥǿӲ˵Ŀɲ㣡ԼҵûңŮҲᵱ٣ҪԼȥúöС
ǣӻ󣬱ضּѾĸһˣ̬ȺõòҪҪġ
̫̫շȥϣСʱһΪɣҡ˹̫̫ǹܼң֪Ϊʲô𣿡
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ٶʮ Դ
̫̫ĻһһҼž
ϳϦĸɽ֪£οˣǣӸɽ𣬵ּˣĿڴؿϡ
ϱǷŭĿ⿴ᣬһίС㿴ʲôһΪ㣡
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ϿԼԼ죬ֻո𣬱̫̫ߣǲѾͷģӣֻ˵˵ʲô
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ĸһġ
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ּ֪־˾ǾˣϱҲ׬Ǯеأ̲𣿡
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Ĺ滮Ҫ׬ģԭͲƱѡ
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ΪӦ˼
϶ǵľ԰ضԴ͵㶫ֻ⡣ƫƫա



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ڣӼʸͼʲô
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ס
Ҫȴ˵ͳȥǧƱֱͶʡʵ˵ܸĻɽôˣָһۡ
ȴ治˼Ǯˡ
ԭǮأҪǮľٿѧʹõģʳΪáǮֺһŪվ̫㣬ڶͿʼǮȥǰ꣬ǧǧӡҲûգֱǮľٿѧʹ
ȻǮľٲ˳˸ʾעѧڸ¿ġҵ˵ˣүӶ˼ˣһǧӸǮľ١
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뵽⣬ٴӼ᣺ʦ֣㵽ûȥ
Ӽʸ𣺡ȥĵطô
νʦȥҾȥֻҪǾǣȥڣҾѧ֮ܶʦ߶ٵطұ㽫ѧٸط
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Ӵ˴λ磬ٲҪµģ¸ϱӦòѡ



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ʵ֤Ůӣѡ
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ԣ˷ҪǸϱġ
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ﻰ⣬ǶҵĲ⣬ԬüЦ
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ԺԭԬ۵ϣףŭˡ
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Ȼ㵱ҲڣҲֻöԲסˡ



ٶʮ ֮
µףͬյԶ˰ӼţýץԬۣ
ĿԬȥȻЩ̿֡
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Զº󣬷ɹŹλĿķ·ǣסһͬԶɳֵõĳԶ̽顣
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˵󣬹ӽѾǳ
һԼĥĻóʹӽԣһʣӽԣ㣬Ѵ;ʿɱ⣬ǰѴеȫɱ⣿
˭ĳǾɱ˭ʢŭеĹӽԣΪ˵׼
ףܺãûۼˡôҵڶǣЩ޹Ĵ㲻ɱǣһҲ֮ˣѡ񣿡
ӽסˡ
ܲΪǿܷ£ǰɣǺǵĴˣʲôֱ
ɿ֣ǰȴûκһ˵ҲԣһμɱϾʮ񣡡
˿ʦͽһ֮ǣһμԼĳסȻʦͽͬӽԽˣﻹǿһԵģǣӦ츮аհɱʮʣʮأϾפȲʦȴǱط࣬ǰգͱǺ幥ǣɱġ
ǰġ
ǣӷǡûжͣȴ档ʶЩкǣԶıߣ
ʦ㡭
ᣬɱ˺ܾãһЩ¡ʵʵǣǲΪܷ¾ȥ˺޹ôֻбǿǵÿһǳأвӽԣһȥǿǿɣ
⻰˿
ӽһսǾͱЩѧй֮ͳͳԺֻʣտԶաƫƫӽԵգɫԣΪ̸ֽĹӽԣǺϸĽʿʺս
ӽ˸⻰ɺܲʣǸ⣬Ҳ֪ǺãǣĬ
ԼΪ߶˺ܾãӼգԲǿһʱܻ̾תԼĥԼͬ˵߽£Ǽʱģƽ˭
ֻǿͷϵ˵ûпʼû䶨ʥľӲꡣ
Ǳδˡ
˵һͷۡŴͣһʱɻؾֻδ˲ءãδִ˶Ҫһû׼ɵλá
ӽ⻰
ŲĿڣһۣͬԹҪҳƺδΪν
ӽԱνĳзıκνƽ֮ʤνˣĹٺ֮ĵ
ޱ˵ҿû
СʶӶˣһϹսɡҲҸأЦŶˡ
Ĳ˼ʣʲôأ
סôƺˣ
ָԼĶ˵ǴСʦúСʦܵġӹŮú͵ܵˣн㣬Ǳҳʲô
ЦʣȻô˵ˣǰɡ
ǰ׿Ȼܻʦֺʦ㣬˫ֻ̥¸㣬ѷϡĲɡӺǣǸջȥʱ򣬺˯żӽҲû˰ѺӽѡˣҿҪȥˡ
ͬһȥŹӽҲȥԷΪѪᣬԼĺӾ͸ˣֻӾǡУ۾ɫŨ֪Ѿòˣö˯
ŰɣŹӽˡ
ͬӽϦദˣ֮ǰ˵ӽԾûú˯ʵ
ӼʱСѾˡ
˸ĻӼǾһ߰ɡӽ״Ԫоľ˹ıϾְλо£ҵλõġ
̾ϢҪԼתҲҪ˼ͬġ
ڴ鷳һ£ǵƾԸͿԵġ
˵Żλиʿү
Ӵǰķӣʲôɻ䣬Ӽѵȥ鷿͹ȥ
ʣʦʲô



ʮ ϸϸ
ӼһߣһûʲôϸϲʲôϷ˶ˣܲܲ⣬иŸطղ˵ģվţϸϺа
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и־ȡ
ǰӹϺԺ룬Ѷ¸ߴ֪ء
ߴ䲻ԪĺõطҲǽʥˡͱԼСһ룬ҲԼͷôôõĳȥضӼûֻҪҪæ
ʱûӦǲɡ

Ӽᵽʱ򣬿ľǳĹиôˣǵطã
ʱϸһλһͬʿ˵ʵһĵطûϷӼֻ˵찲˾Сڿǵطܲá
иһæǵģݸٹ֪أãҲˡ
ţǻԡ㵣ʲôŶͼɣɲءϸһҲˣǸ˳飬¸ϴ˵顣Ӽĵ˵
иȴô
Ӽɺܾ裬ʣ㲻ٹ֪أ
ôܣ
ûе¡иϣæ֪˲ҪرҲܲϡֻ΢ᣬûʲôûر˵ġ
Ӽˣؿ˵Ȼ΢ᣬҲΪʲôǻʲôú֪أҲҪʲôܻ֮ʣעѧͬҶʦǮľǰ㡣
ǮľذѧɫԹи˽ӷӳ̫Լܿ˽ӣǿȥٰ˽ѧӡôǣԱգȱǣɣҪʱȥΡܵ˵иΪǮľŪѧڱס
ԣӼ⻰ǰѧĳض
ѧŪˣҲ
ĻشӼù˴ԣӼⷬ˼û׷ѡ
ԣΪӷģĳЩԣиǿŵģǳ׷ˡ
Ӽᴦ£ȥ͸Թڵô°ϸϷǷ飬͸飬Էص£
Ц㲻鵱£˵˹֡
ϸΪӼᣬӼỹ顪˼ôԵ飬Ӽ߼ǾԲỹġиҲĲ⡣ǶԷҪǾ°ɡ
ΪԼı˸˿⡣֮࣬ЩĵغӼ˵ʦ֣ڶҺãȫӦõģǲǲ̫ðҪǲҺˣҪô
ô㲻ãӼ᲻÷ʣһҽҪȻûӡ
ţǵ˵Ļͺáⲻǵʱʱôôô
Ӽɲˣ˼ĻҪô򣿡
ҶУ˴̸˰ɣһҧƵؼʱ̣ҪӼճʲôʱӼԼˣ׼ͱ׽ͽҲУ
ͽܣǾǹӽˡ͹ӽ׽Ŭ룬û뵽ԼʲôȴרģӼһͷ±ʣʦ֣ҵʲô
֡
ἰ£Ӽһҧڡں֮Ʈʱֻһ뷨ԽԽСˡ
ӽԶڱ߽ӵǻˣ˵ܵ˵ܣֵȥ˷
ӽԵĳӸ磬Ѿ´ˣӲѽѽ󱧡ӷ˸ŮӶ׵ֶ۰ýǸģŲԴ׵ͣڹӽԵ۾
ӽԱӳξĿƵֱӱȥӱ׷˹ȥ
ӻ⣬հ죬ԹӽԵ𶯣
ӽԣ
羲ؿԼĪһյ裬ĸĸһ۹ӽԣµ˼ĬĬط˸Ĳ
ȻǸƷ
粻˶ͯ԰һף𻹶һЩС⣬һ˫۾±۾ɱɫĿжһǶӵĶǿС֪֮ˡ
죬زŪƬ̣һź͹ӽһģһ۾һСʱЦ˻ؾޣŵӽԸǰԱȡ
˵һŲסЦ˿Ҳޣ
ӽԾֺؿŶӣĻ˼ģһͷ˵ˣϷԴ˯



ʮ ҹ
Ľ񣬸𰤼Ұͣ˼ǵһȥģʢղĹӽԣȦڣ۾Ѫ˿ȥ߰˰ˣҲ
˸˵ӽͬ˵ȥ꣬Ըġ
˳Խ귽ϣӽҪңȻᷴԡֻǣ·ͬ⡣ԣи𣺡үзȰ˵
Ц˷ģӽԼ˵ү
˰Űɣ𣿡
ֳɵ˵£ϴȥԮԼ˵أ˶ͬ⣬ƫƫүͬˣǰ
ϤĻ˺Ц֣ˡ
ʸ𣺡ڵĹٻˣô֪ģ
ŲվҪϢҲûҲҪȥء
ϵЦ㽩סˡ
Ŷȥ꣬Ǹȥİǰˣ
ӶȥģӼ
ӼظʷͷлʷʮάʷĿᶨ꣬ͷããȻҲ֪ΪҪȥϾ㣬Ӽᡣ游ɫ
Լ׸游ҪӼ¶˸°ȻЦ˵ãһŬġ
֮󣬷ҡ½ҡϸϼңһһ䣬˽Ϊھ߶һ
صˣϢ׼šͯƹʳΪ̸¥ʵǰ¡
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ƱֵʥƱΪʮּģǮׯͨΪؿ˿Ʊȴһɫʮ˴Ŀ󣬸ǰ涼ˣ
˵̫Сľ԰ˣ
һ˵ĲɣҲ̫ˣȥƱ˰ɣ
ȴ˵Һ˵档
⻹࣬ݸ֪ķֳףȻͣڰƵʼƣ²С
ŵ˶㣬ʣôǣȻӲȤˣ
ԣƵƤ򣬺û̱ϣ˫ֽԺɺɡǰ£ĲƸЩȤҪǣÿһ㣬Ҫ±һ֣Щˡҩɣ׼ֹͣţȸʮ꣬˵¡
Ÿһ˲ͻָ򶨵ף룬ȢŮΪޣҲǲ̡ϧ뷨˵˵
ȴ˸ؼʣǰա
ǰʳΪ˽ӣͯƹ֮ǰʹ뾩Щˡѡµģѡ뿪ģͯƹӦˣ˳˶ٷִңÿµһСãͯƹ뿪˾ǡ
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ڣΪԼң˵ʦ֣㹻ͯƹܱ۸ûڵĶ
пܡ
˼ԣѴƱ飬ĺ裬ɫҪʱƨˡ
̾Ϣţ˸ϻӣʮƱ
ϻӼ£ڶ첻֪ͬһϻƱ𡣸ɫˣӼ⣬˵ʦ֣Ҿб̸̸
̸ôڣӼ᲻źۼضţϱԽԽˡ
˵̸̸㵽жǮ£Ҽ๫Ӷ֪ȻĲء
ԭ
ӼЦЦ֪òּһ£ٸ㣿
ּǸŸǵǮǮõλɣҺöûˡ

֪ǸģǷ渵ҲûмǮءӼĿ֧˵⻹֪ġԣʣзı죬Ҳиɣ
ӼЦ㲻֪칫ɢҲֳΪ׸֮£
˵ֻ֪칫Ϊӡ
Ӷˣȥ֣Ӽ޴ӷ˵ʵǾּʵҵĸɾ˾ˣֻǲּҲϣҲԾ˾˵Ծӡǰûӣ״ԪּԴһˣûһЩҲơҷһЩ㣬ʣĶ˲ּ⼸ֻ꣬ܺҪǮо͸ңûԼ취
Ӽİ취ǴӸӣٴӲּﵹӡ
⻰һпʦ֣Ͷ̥С֡
вţĸвƣ̳˫ƣҪʲôʲôҵĸ𣬴ǲ춼ȥ˰ɣ
Ͷ̥Ҳһֱ¡
Ӽ᲻֪⻰˼ֻ֪վòּ˱
ֱӾܾˡۼԺ̡
Ӽ룬ԣ׿Ȼҡ
Ӧˡ
ǣӿɲǸϡͿģӼǣŮչ¶츳ӺõĶ࣬츳ƽƽʦãҪίŮĲŻˡӣڲͬ·ֻ£ʼٸߵĸĸȴһ
ڸڼĹ۵£ñͬլӣƬ˳ȥɿؿֵĹܼңʡɫɫڲĲӣ˺ӽǰȻ뿪˾ʦ
ĲŷѾԻĺϣ˴󴬡װϣһγԶŵ˫̥׿Ȼȥûжδĵǣֻжǰϲ
ӽԷˣһˣ˵ΪҪѶӴߣűҪһɩ˶ӡ
ӷѾŮˣ˭ұ֤һ̥ǶӣҪǰѶھǣظţǣͲˣ
ķοģǺܿȥϾġ
˳һ˵͹ӽԻص򸮣ϢӷˡúЦЦƮں򸮵Ͽգɢ˶յ



ʮһ ѧǰ
ԴϵִϾ󣬸һֱˢԼļ䡣
׹Ӽ͹Ժȫһ£ӼĴλøˣԼĪڶ¥УλãϾľɹֵ;ǻһģӿ̳ġ
ԣլػϣﴦͽϵ˫С
˫϶ԭڵغͬʮ£ӽԽغָ¡ƷӼỹ߰뼶Ӽиߵλǡ
䡢է֮ʣӽһڵִϾֱķҡ
ӽԺҵ˻ϤһЩͲˣֲóཻʣŶӺǸģľȤӽ֪ӣ뿪լʱһǱȥԼļҡ
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û̶ãֻ֣ţҲûʲôףźӾȥ˷ң÷˸顣
𣬲һգ۵Ĺ򣬱˸ƵģϲЦȥά𣺡̫ˣ
׼ָ˷סһ˵档
˶棬ֻзЦû
ȥʮ¸ǰ뿪ľǣž͸ţӷСĺ¡Ƿţȸ絽ΪٴУ丵ϣǵ٩һ
µӷ˲Ӻ󣬷͸ˣǸɵĵͨվ𱨸ϲţȻһʸܶϳǼʱϾ
Ƿⲻŵţʱ䣬Ҳ˵£Ǿˣ
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Դˣ˵ֹʮգǲߵġ

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ʮһ̱Цסˣһף
Ұռ˴լ˸ࡣҲ꣬ײ࣬𾭳Ūˡʮһ£ֱӵ˳Ȼסˡ
ֻ䲢öѡ
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÷ʮһתͷȥϷ״ĸϱǸ˲õء
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ʮһһʣɩ⻰ʲô˼
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Ϸ˿Ůʮ꣬ŮװͯԵİס
ڽϵϸ֪˼Ҷ֪ģֻʮһ̵ɽţĲ֪ʮһ⻰Ȼտڲԡ
Ϊ֣˴ʣôǣ
˵
ŵŵڵĹأעزŻȻ˹أͬʱչǿڷʮһԲڵ£ʮһ̿϶뷶ԶԶ
￪ʼ߿ࣺ֪˵ǸҹˣǾҵгɵģǲҡҲ룬ʮһүһ󡣳˷ëǵļ⣬ѧϰ½ƴȻǷʮһү飬ǶҲֻͣ鷨׶Ρ
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ʮһүʮһ̵๫Ϸ˵Ӻòã
⣬ֱ˵ʮһʺ϶顣
һȻʵ˵δЩˡ
ҪǣʮһôûȤʮһָԽΪûоܾڽţķˣһֱûǰɫ
ٳٲ׹ʵһЩ
˵ĻĹ򣬲ʱзҵŮ֡Ͷڶʮʮ֮䣬ǳȡ˻ᣬʸ𣺡Щôǰͽģʲô²ɣ
һƷùӼƣ˵ûʲôǰ;ӼǾͲһˡ
ˣ֪ʲô޺޵˵ͲԼұ£
һۣ˵һֱΪӺ֪ġ
֮⣬Ϊˡ
ˣֱӲɷɵ˻ʸ׿ȻôģޣƤűȴĴǿ
ھǸֳʣӦҲ׿ڵĿӶⲻָͥԺصСѾͷѿڶǡʰϵһ
Ҳ˹ŮУһ̾Ϣ󣬵ǰͽҵԭ򣬶һʱ죬ѧǰδͣͬʦ˷ǳصķ硣
ѹʲôŤֻʣνѧǰ



ʮ ʧ
ѧǰ²⣬ԣ˵ѧǰѧ֮ǰĽʱ¶Ȼ˵ɫЦ𣺡㿴˶Ǵ˽ӵԺͽӵãԺ˽ͬѧСŹˣ
٩ĸӼҲ˵ƵĻüë˵˾ԣҪץѵԣ
˵ȻǶԵġûʲôظ͹ԼҶӺ˫̥ѲһȦѧǰôСеûţʹӳСǿʼɡ
зȻǺõģڣѧĳԡµ˵µʱ򣬸˵ǼʱȥԼլӣ

Һøȥů
˵ʲôȥůȥ˵ɡһƣĵһָȴȻӽԵġ
û뵽ʱŲЦ
¶ڣĸ첲˻⣺ŷӻ˵˷磬ʲô磿
˵ֿʼ̾ϢѧǰҲϿɣֻʵʩһ¡ѧǰѧΪȻ˼ǱҪ䵽ʵΪ˵ͨ˼ң˼ңûͬ⡣
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Ӽն˵Ǵڿʼٹִ֮Уɹԣңѧǰ粻졣
˼ǣΪûϣͲȥ
ӼȻʦõȷˣûϣҲȥǡǡ෴ûϣʱһȥˣǱǱҪġ
ĻҲҲȥϣ¡ñȵȥǱжϳϣȥôġ
ʹ˷ʣûϣͷˣ
Ȼ˵ֵ꣬һȥϣ
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Ȼ˵ڶ磺ʦֲԸ׿Ȼͱһѧ
ӼĹ۵㣬׿ȻչֵļԱԶͬˡ׿ȻܵĽͲҪͬһ¡
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вͬ۵㣺ʩ̣ҲҪͯͻ顣
Ӽ͸˵ʮо٣ΪϾͽѧ䲻ϰ֣ѧĶһ䡣ʦҲ˵ʦôǰ£٣ʦҲϾʮֶ£ûкͱһ档
òã
һȥСӣǵǸ溢ӻô
⻰𲻺úӼԡ
ŷҲ츳ߵˣʱ飿
룬ʣ㲻㣿
ҾֵܣСҲȷꡣԣҲǸûͬġ

̾ðɣǶԣ׿ȻԼѡʦֻǲͬ⡣˵ֽ֮ͬĸôôûԼʱ򣬾ͲԼ
Ҳû⸵ߡ
͸ˣһģȥ̣ǳ˲һģ𣿡
ָʵǶһģȥ̣ͬ˳ҲǲͬĽ˵ǰֽʵزͬĻ㲻ͬ
鱾桪
ΪһҪ˵ȥ
ըë
ɲɣӼҲ˵ͬĻһֲȻ󣬱Ӽĸ𣬿ʼ˱ŤѾű˯ϣֻÿֱӼᱧشϡ
ȴûϰߺʶָԼԴֱԲ䣺ǱסһΪĹ۵ǼõģǸ۵㣬ȻҲвǡ֮
类׻
⻰ϸʮȷӵһɵĽģʽΪѧϰģҲΪִߣɹĽʽ
òϣǺҲһֱĥĽʽ֮ĥ˵иŵķ
δӷ뿪֪Լˡ
˫Ӽصʱ׿ȻС㱨ǽȥˡͷĸ˵󣬾ͱűӻشˡ
Ҳ˵ʦòͬԼˣӼЦ޹Ů׿Ȼúܰ
׿ȻŸף˵Ϊá
ӼЦŹŮȥӡӺ˶򷢺Ӽʸ𣺡ͬ˵ʹһ˵ͳɣ𣿡
һҪ˵ӡ
粻Ǵǰĸ𣬲ҲֻͬȻ
Ӽɫ
ȴȥΪ˶ҶðŰѹġ
Ӽɲˡ
Ƿ꣬зӵġҹʰһ˶յˣֵ
գУӽؼңȻͬ⡣ӽ׼Ŀڣǡ壬Ҳڼңһȥҡ
֮ܶԸڷҡ



ʮ ֮
˵ȥݷáʦǹӽԺͷǿȥҵģ׽һ̶ȲŻ¡ˣֱӷԸ裺ˡ
ǽӴ˼ˡ
˵ãֻиЩ㵡һ࣬ǹ˼ҹ̻ңûôڡ
˫լСèͬͯ԰˸Ĳ˵и뺢ӸߵˮءգͷӣˮСü俪ģǾһԵ˵
÷Упܡ
šʵˣҲû壬ֱ˵£ʷɻǵŮѧ
Ȼǵãôˣ
ǰһȥۣŮ˳Լ๫ЩֳŮӣҲһģֻиûϢŮӡ
ʮˣ࣬ıԼ˵ģһơ
Σ˵ʧȴȥκˡʱעĽҲʱûгʱ֡鶪˲ɿȥľ档
ʧ䣬ʣԣǾãƶŮӺ͸ŮһŶ鲻ʣ
ʲô߼˼
䡣
Ȼǣ
˶ܽ
νˣָƶŮ
סúŵǸΡ
˵꣬ȥӽԣֶԸӸͬӽ˵ǡ
ӽԹǱӼҲġǷȻǵһӼ˵ġԣӽľȻ˵ǲܡ֮ʣӼܴݵػش𣺡ܡ⻰ͺñھƷ֮ʣƶѧҲܶһȻúѣǿܡ
Ӧ죬Եֱ仯Ǵǰӡˢеġûлӡˢû㹻鼮ѧӶ顣ôǲ˵иӡ鷨֮ʣǸܶʱ򣿡
Ȼ
ŷչ˽Ʒʦʣ֣ʺҪ
ƽգڰ֮ϵģٷ֮ʮʮ˼ҲġʮӺǮģǱȽϳ飬鶼һĵ֮䣬ֵҲҪʮġټѧѡīֽԴﲻ˶顱
ԣ˵£ȸͽͽɱ
ӼֱӸпʦ㲻ˡ
źȻĸ𣬷ƷھͿʼˡ
ɲŬӡˢĸĽ
īֽĳɱͲر󡪡˵İֽһǮüšҲǣʮİĵĶСѧϰƷ֮Уı顣ļѣӡˢϡɣΪһѧʱ鱾ѵˣĻȥĥһôӡˢģ
ֱӼ˸𣬸û뵽ķӣʵ޴
ŷȽһӡ鷻ɣ
ǺһڹỨˣ˼֮࣬ȴЩţǼǰỨǷµأֱµӡ鷨ӣǲС
Ӽ᣺дʿôǵľ鶼ôӡģʦʵ𣿡
ⶫ˾ͿԽվھ˵ļϡ
ӼѾ֪ʲôˣҿһҡ
¸ģ⻰㶪Ӽᣬȥͷ˵Ūӡ鷻ȿڵôӡˣĥܸơһзӵġ
ѧǰأ
վѣȻ֪ЦЦѧռ£̸ѧǰ롣ҪԼŪģĺԡ
ѧӼΪϾӼļƣӦ츮µضִѧеġĿǰʦʵġʦ㣬ŪһѧԺҪӼһȵġ
Ӽţ֪֮ˣ˵ʱ򣬱ǹӽԶϣ͸ˡͬǣӽԺܶǰ֪ȲЩˣȴͬɹӽȴ֣ڱ٩٩̸ʱֻǾţݡ
ǣӽԱһ䣺ʦᣬȴȵý
ԣȡЩ˼˵ʦޡʦ˵ԼǣȻ˽ĥĥ׵ģʦ
֮ܶһ仰ҲҪֳ
ӽΪǼõĽˡȻ뵽˳·壬ʸ𣺡ʦó·弸ʱ
˵ǲͬʱܹ
ӽԲ⣬ΪǲͬǸҪʦĽ̵ô
Ȼǡϣ˵нĽԼͥĽһ֣븻ƶ޹ء̫̫ûʲô飬ۣţǼͥһڣüá̫̫úܺã·Ҳ͸źˡ
ӽԺͬʱȻ
ԭͬ



ʮ 
͸£ֻаᵽԼҲŷ㡣ԣ뿪լӽϷ˵ĥӲ£Ҳڷס죬һ˶طСҸﵱĽլӲסһԺӣ;峣ϦദʣһӽԱʾδҾǸϱˣϱڷʵŲϺš
һȳŮ춼Ӧˣͬ޲žĹûλ
ҵӣٲȻɾƵڶ
ʮһ̵õţޣĸ׻ڵʱ⽫ԼСıܡֻﻹδ죬˱ȥˡĸ¿࣬ӻ˷ңʮһȢԼ
ʮһֶȻôȴ巿ĵճӣ巿ǵӣԵʱʮһ˵Ѿõˡδ檣ĵǰͷһ֡
˰갡
ҲΪ˶ӣĸ̫ŵķϷ˾öԲŮ׸ƫʮһһЩ
ƫûʮһ̼þգǱ䱾¶Ǳ˵Ĳã⣡
һ¡
ʮһ̿˵ǵҾƷˣиҷļϵ๫
ʱŸϽסʮһ̵죺˵ˣ
ֻ˵ô
˵˼ҵıүһȢԼҹȢˣҲͻǰ㰡Ҫǣҹ˵⻰ȴǼҷҵ˲
ﲻ𱰣ʮһ̣ʮİף
ʱſڴһЦʮһǷʶ˸ս
ʮһ˵Ȣϵĺôɲֹһ㣡ϵ游˵ı飬丸ǱɣԶҪͬ飡ʲô
⻰һʮһ̱֪ԼеĻˣʱˡ
£֪ô˷СȻģԶ˷ң͸һͷӡˢĴҵֿʼ壬ӡˢģһѧ
ſ˼пһμ顣һʦǣģΪ£Ҳá֪ûбɴģͭģǼϵһĸֽʵĸ
ʦ˵ʥ٣ΪȱͭͭǮôˣŽĽռ˰ڽɽͭƻ֣ǲá
Ƭ̺󣬸ʣǦأҼǵ֬ˮͷģܲȱ˰ɣ
Ǹģӣʦ룬Ǧ̫á
֪ԭǵûӲȹнûС߲͵һ𣬾ͳһ澢ζͬ档ʦԣ
ʦ֪ôͻȻ˵ˣʣʲô
ȥˣǦĲһܲӲһЩӣҪԣ
ܾ㻹б¡
£
ʦĥͬ˵һһϻӵȫѹȣѹҲּͬһģӵļӣȻӱ𴦲ٿأһѹӡī൱֡
룬һ֣Ҳûô岻ɣ
˵һ岻˰أôֽһӡƳ˰壬ٽвüһγһ壬һĳǲǾͷ
£ӦӡˢĺʦˣֽǱḶֻ́Ǹĵͷ˵˱ٿ屶ҪҾܿڣ
ʦ֪˶ٱȴû˶ʦǶʦӡˢļѧỨȴ·ѰһͬʦһңҼүѰҺķӣҲ㲻ӡˢ
ʦҷģ˱ķӣһƣԼΣضµġ
Цס
˷ƹͯƹû֨أ˷ѵЩȥģ٣ӡ鷻׬ˡ
ˣһܣз׶Σܳ벻ɣĶ࣬ףҲ׼λģͶ룬Ӱҵٺշֺ졣
ͯƹʱ䣺ⲻǾͿ֧ӣҺ˵ҿɲģ
ҲֻӺ¶ʣĶͯƹ
ʳΪѾطˣǵطͯƹܹܺˣϾӵӦ֡ʳΪѾ³̣ͽҲˣ㹻ʱϸ¡
ͯƹĿ꣬
һòʱӼᵽˣҲͬ˵ֻʸ𣺡Ѵ
˵⻰ʱӼĵɨˡˣ׷״ͯƹľȣӼһ۸ɱ
ǽǰʿ
ò¡
Ըоյĸı䣬˵ˣ˳ġ˵꣬Ӽ᣺ʦʲô
ؼҡ
Ȼһֱѽӵ۸УЦеӼ᣺ʦֿɼݳģ
Ӽһߡ



ʮ ɽԺ
ʦֳʲô磡
Ӽ˫ﱱһӼƽնͽȥŵģߣӡ鷻ڹӼණһĵϣôݳ
Ӽ˶ֻ֨зҲЦЦ𣺡㶼ӵˣȻŮ˼
ԣӼȴˣӵĸǻŮ˼Ҳʡ

ӼֱӲطԸͯƹ񣺡ȥ
ͯƹûһΪѵ˵ʱ˵һֱء
Ȼ󣬷ЦŨֻһΣʮֻû
ѷӦˣɢȥֻʣͯƹͷʱŵʦ֣ǲ߻ؼҺ𣿡
ͷϻӼָ⣺ɡ
ǳǵ˵ʦֻ֣ҪʹʦһؼңʲôС
һ仰˵ӼĿôġ
ȷʵ˸
̫ˡ
ƫʱµˡ

ӽԼߵˣЦøոպôӪ걾ص˵⸽мҼ֭ܺóԣȥ
ĽӼץˣ˵һȥɡ
ӽԣ
ȸͬ⣬ͯƹѵǼҵġʳΪҲ̶Уֻʳ˵ˣڵģǵǵĺóԡ
Ӽ͸𶼲ϲʳ⻰Ӽ˵ǱȥˣȴЦ
ֻǰЩԶ°ˡ
ǰȥϺʱͬѧͳԷ˵ϺûɶóԵģǳ½˰ɡ
ȥϾϾͬѧ˵ͬĻǣϾ˶½ˡ
ʵȥһطһԵصʳ²ԼθڣҲ־Ա˵ճϵǳģȻûʲôɫˡǽһעʳﱾζûôϣ޷ζ١
ȥӼʸ
ţûӦ
ӼһΣǸ𣿡
ЦЦ첻ȥԼȥ
飬ӼϲӦ¡
ȴѿʼѵķӣȻǼЩôˡϾ߻ûУ뿪ѧҲЩѶȡԣʦ֣ѧԺ£ǲҪճ̣
תÿ죬Ӽø죬ԺԺֶɽԺˣ
š
ȻɽԺٲþҪɽˣӼüɽڳ⣬в֮⣬̫ۺ
æТ䣬ࡢɽ£ûʮ·䲻̸Զġ
һТһһˣӼ׵ͬʱŹֵؿ˸һۣøһ飺ôˣʦָôң
Ѿȷλˣ
ôܣϣԼĪδ¾λá
ˣӼỹǾʲôԣĿתŸ𣬵ԽԽʦöԽǣ쳣Ϥ
ðɣȻʦֲҲϣٵ˵Ҳôáÿÿһطһʶʦûĸ𣿡
Ӽῴش𣺡ûСǼʱʼָܵģ
䣬Ƭ̺󷽴𣺡뿪֮ʡ
Ȼ̹ȻػӼᡣ
Ӽʣ˵ԼͼʱμġϾ;ôƣϤҲȻ
ӼƺҲ뵽һ㣬û֨
żȻˣǾͰǴӼ᣺ʦֲҲϤ𣿡
ţ
Ѽ񣬲𣿡
ӼЩԼĿˮǺʦôѼܱգѼôĵطʲôȣ
̲֪ϺԺԻϺϸȴѼ֮ϣϾķѧԺأұҲŽλáС˲٣ĶϣҲ̫ԶԲ
ԭʮ·ôģ
ԭʦ֪Ѽͬ
á
Ӽ¹ĸоӦ˸ֵռ٣ұȥһ䣬λãʱԽԺϾȾů࣬ǰһЩһЩĻʱոպá
Ȼٱҵ֪Ҫꡭ
˵֮ǰȽʮʮģøãΣ
ӼܾΡ¶ػʤθߴ֪أٲꡣͬʿ֪أãҲҪϴʮģʱŪѧ
˵䣬ʻ˫
Ӽָ˸һػӣǲլȻˣǽϵķᶼԾϸΪȻˣǱõĹɽｨһӵķã֪
֪
ʮȣһ䡣
ҪӼţҪˤ˹ã屶ϺԺĹģȥ췿ӾҪӣ



ʮ ɽʶ
ͷԭЩӵģȿ˸ӡ鷻ͶһʵġѡһͷõĻʽ𲻳ӡǱ⣬½ǮҲǽǮע׬ǮԺ͵𲻻ôԲе¡
ȷجĺ󣬸𰧺ϲǸԭϵĲô
ӼÿɵӵĿ⿴˵ñͬլӣ˹ͲϾ㲻֪
֪ǳܳϣ˵ΪǵƤ󣬴𡣡
ʶôˣӼһô׳յģϸƬ̺ͣǵĵƤû·ʸ򲻵Ǽ۸񡣱ǴǰǮңҲ޷ڿլӡ
Ŀⲻԣʣʦôʲô
ʦԽԽԽԽ㷢ôӼ˵ƺں͸̽¡
𲻸ʾֱӻִֻʦֵԽԽˣ
ӼǺЦҲϣ⵹ҲǣɼҵԽԽˡ
þ춾ҭ
˵һӣȷܺù
ҾͲõˣһʿ֤˸һҫڣиҵ˶尲һ㸵ԭҲЩǵģھǵʱ򣬱˹˼ҽɽˡ
ɽǡ
ǣ˶ǣҲõϺ˱۸ɵϲ롣
Ӽĵģ
˷ǻؼңŷ䲻̵Ĳѧ˲ֲ˵ˮѧԺѧϰˮıԹټҷĻӼϿģúĲŮı֡
Ǵѹʵĸʼġȥ궬ʼϽŮļݲ˵ĲһŮȫĹأȥĸڸĸλǰһžۣҲӼһϿĲؾصؽ
һ򡱣Ĳˮ硣
ڸ̷Ӧ죬һסɫӼᱻһϸϸԼķܿóָܰ
ʱĳЦ룬Һ͵˴ʦ֣ʦⱲһ˹ˡ
ӼüʣʲôΪô˵
ؿһۣ˵Ϊʲôǽ£Ҹ˵ϳ˽㣬ҲֻôĴŮӣôŴʦֵӰɣ
Ӽ˾Ҳգ˵ɴˡ
ԭңʦֻȢˣ˸ӡ
Ӽûע⣬ԵҺ˵⻰û㣬ϿɣǱ˲ңҲˣ
˵ǽһţŵˡ
ֻԼһķϣҲûͬƽϣֻôɽԺ£ɡ
ڸӼʮġ
̫ã̫ҵʱԣΪ˱£ͺӸˣʵġ򣬱˵ҪһԺգۡ
󣬸㶨ɽԺλãֻǧɽĶɽأʺҲʺֹءԭʮ˼ңҲһһá¶ʮѪһ׼˽һҰտһҰȤ
ûĳЩ˵Ļ
ӼʵȨٲֶ̫һٲ򣬵ϾӣӼȴǲ֪񣬸ٲ֮ǰȼ񣺡ӡ
ԭƣҲ
ٲӿںţȴɨһˣԹͷʱһʧλŮȻǲŮɫҲ̫ͨЩ
һӼ͹ӽԶʮֲ
ӽͬʾӼᣬӼûзԡĵ״⣬ӽԵĴ뷨Ӿǡ
Աź󣬹ӽԻشٲ֮ǰĻ·ʺ֮ԹʦｨԺͬٲΪʦһ
ԭǸɽ˼
ٲӷǳʶȤظ˶ԸĳƺԣӼĸǷҪڣӼȣӵ˳ƺ
ٲӲ֪ʲôЦЦλң߱ˡֻǰԺⲻġ
ԭ⸽

Ӽ᲻֪ӽԲûãҲδϢȺˣûƤ´ȥ΢εĳ档
ӼŰյظ𣬵ʦòصġȻѧһûˡڱģЩҲи˶ˡ
Ϊ˵Ǯľٸ类һ£֪̫ˡ



ʮ 
ǹӼˣǰϾӼڼٲ˶٣ȴֻʣǧˡ⻹нϸ˶Եʡ֮ܶϾӼǰϾӼƴǰӼᵽ֮ǰ
ϾӼɾһְ˭棬෴һļɾƣܸӼ´ô
ǰӼɾƵõ¡ֹͨϵıְλڶǴӼᵽεϢ
μӼᣬ״Ԫʥľӣ״Ԫ
ϢһЩԭϾӼ࣬ȴϾӼûǰ;ˣ׷׹ɽϾӿ룬꣬ϾӼļֱӷ
ϾӼ˱ʼ֮Ӽ࣬˵ǧˣЩҲ¡᲻ȱ㡣
һ֪֡
ߵȽ͵͵ȽǲͬģóȻжֻʵ䷴
ûԺ顢ִ½ȡ˾Ӽᣬǰ׼ðʱ䣬ϾӼʦƶѧƻȱĽڣȥͬʿλٽϺԺӽ˹˲֡
ϾӼ࣬չ˶δεʱӼͻȻ
һӼԱֻмȥŻ¡
Ӽһˣ˲ߣࡣ
ȦһȻ
ʥʼֱӲμӻԵʸͬӡжࡢȵܰݬ롣֪£ҲӼ֮ʣһֱȴж¡
ϢӼ쳤Х
һ£͵ڱ֤˼ڹӼ棬ȴЩžǮӹӵĹԱڶĿģȻҪ޳ЩƼû˵˶ԷᣬĻᡣ
ЦӼƾеƣŹӼķĿǵ˵˾䣺СӣҪͦס
ͬʱϾʮ뼯ٲԺ
ٲӻЦӼִн̸ģЦںδ
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ЦЦӼᾹȻ¶Ը
ǵģԭ֪ǮľΪֱԶĹүֳ֪Ṇ̀һݡǮ֮ûг֣˵С£֪Ǯˡ
ȻǮˡ
֣֮ԣη塣ӼֱӶ֣ԲӼ赶ɱˣҲ붼ˣӼѡֱӶ֡ȴֻҴָ䣬һ
ȻǸˣõЦĶˡ
ȻҪЦ
ڣô漥ٲӺػ⸻Ľϣǧ£ǾŪôƣЦ𣿡
Ļǡϸ
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ڣںٹᣬ˿ߣҪǣ˽µǮƣ˽̩֮˰սȥʣĲֺô
ٲӲãں󣬷ǧ˽Ҳ⣬˰޷⡣
ٲЦһмӼĽ͵ǣĸҪߣϾӼ¶ӹӣ¸ʲô
ҭ
̵ģӼŷͶϹӼӣⲻǰӼģǿǴŻʵ۵ŰٸһٸӣҲô
ͬЩͬٲӺͷȴ̫
ǲ֣ٲȴԴ̫Ǳ֣ѹӡҷٲӣͼıǽ֮
ƽӣôڲ֣ĺ£
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᱾٣ٲİ𣬺ʣ֮¸õΣ
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ٲɨһȦ˲֪ҵ⡣ĬƬ̣ٲĿǰ߰˵Ҳдأ
ƣӵӣûвдѡ񣡡
˫Ӽ᣺ٲֵ̫ʦ׼ô죿
ӼŵЦЦ˵ֵ̫
֮⣬û׼



ʮ һٶ
Էĸʥ˶ʮ꣬ʱµķƸκϣӼĻش˸۹ȥ׼
ӼȤŶʦʲô׼
ʱ֪ˡ
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Ҫٲֱȥ̧ӣ˵ǵһڷ٣ȥТ̫ǲܵ¡鼸λ󲻽ûٲõӳȥٲӵķڷѡ
Ĳ裬ڽ˷ٲ򸮱Ժ¡ͬӼһǰյϢһ£Ӽʣô֪ģ
ֶС˵ĸ𣬵ٲԺûʲô弸˽ȥʲô¡
ӼЦЦԲǿޡ
ʦЦԾʲô˼
ٲӿĿ˲٣Ǳ˲֣֪⣬ôһǰ̧ٲԺֻһ̾ͰϢȻٲӹΪ֮Ŀıͨ¸ˣǶֲ˺ôο˺
ٲӵĽӴȷʵûбȡеݴʡϸƷƷӼĻƬ̣ȻҶˣʦ־ˣ֪
˼Ӽûзϡ
Щżô˵ٲ֪ʦҪʰˣ
ӼֵؿһۣΪʰ
΢ͣʲôǮҴ簡
ľֶ֮£ҺθɣӼʮ˵뷨ԣȻ˵ڳˣӶŮҺҪչˡʦܵ¶ȥģǶ벻ҪԼ
⻰˵ʮе޷ܾﲻԣЩʵ˵Ƕʦֵ£ǾͲˣ
ӼüͷҼʱ˵ˣľ£ҶԹۡ
ˡ
ʲô˼
Ѷ𣿡Ӽͬɻ󣬰ԼĹ۵ϸ˵һ飬ľȻļԼǮ֮Ǳļ£뱨Щʲôܰıزƴǡ𣿡
ףԼⷭ£Ҳ˵¶Ҫη˭¾˭£֮⣬ҲҪ𡣡
Ӽޱ˵Ӧˣʲô𣿡
΢ЦţĿӼᣬ˵Ȼа
ӼĿ⣬ܲеĲ̣ͬδԣ
ӯӯм˼֪֮֮εģ֪ԼΣмܳе𣿡
Ӽ᲻֪Ҫʲô׷˾䣺ԣ
ԣʦ֣ǼΪɫ֮ˣ
˵꣬ٲԼĳݣ˫⡣
Ӽʶʮ״μĳݡ϶֮ӼᣬŬؿԼ֣ͽ޹׻¶ʱеľ̬Լ⡣
֪˵꣬Ӽűĺӣ¼塣̱֮شӹӼ࿪ʼǹӼ漰̫࣬£ұıϾӼࡣڲֱĿģӼ棬ӴŲһ˵棬ԴӰϾٳЩ֣лɳˡ⣬Խ˵Ǻ£ǻҲЩøСңƾ΢ĺø뽭֣ʱȡʱɽԺķӳʦҾֱɽѧعѧ
ԽԽԽԽԲλࡣ
ǺǻʱѿʥҪ׶Ρ֪ȥֻԼģóģӽ֣¡
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Цûзԡ



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ðɡ֪ʶĸɨ۴һŵˣӼᣬô죿

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˵䣬سɺ赽ˡسɼӼ͸Χۣ㻽ס裺費ȿ
ǣ˶ĿתؿŶԴˣֱ϶˲ʣӼųӣĳкȾơ
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ӼᵥõĶ֮һͯƹ죬͸Ҳ죬Ǿ֣ʶ׬ǮĻ
ͯƹҲôģ˵ҺͻóƵظɺã
ԼֺŸģͯƹ˳㣿һҪģͯƹ㣬ܾ
ͬˣ֣һͯƹҪڣæǾȥɣ˲յۡ
ԣͯƹ˵ʶʮˣδκˡ
ά֮⣬ԡ֣ܾòԾֻǵӣûε뷨ֻΪԼ⣺Ǹܴ˻Ұۣû˵ˡҶӦȥԺƶӵҽأԵ
ͯƹһȻʾġֻ¸˿Ҫ֣ҽ䣬ŴԵʡң֣ȥܾʱͯƹʸ𣺡ԺҽѧƶӵܣǲҪӣ
šֹһӣһûϢٺ˵ġ
ͯƹһȥͰѸĽһ飬صԤδÿ档
á
˵ߣͯƹȴ˵֣ܺĸ׵˵ˣְԼľ˵ˡȻѸ𣬵˼׽֮ˡΪڱ֣ܣЦӯӯϿܰ
Ҳûڱ𴦣ֻܾͷͿ;СԺáӼܾ󣬼Ļ棬вãжٻ˵ãô䣬Ҳ֪չԼ
һ۹ȥָָӼϵۣ˵˭֪չԼģ
ȴҲǽɼ֮ǡͯƹջߣ˼Ҵƹصشż



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ĽӼȫ£˵ץŸ֣ѵ⣺䣬͸Ӵʲô
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õģҡ
Ը׼ͷźӼߡ·ϣӼ᣺ȥӺ𣿡
ףģɣֺܻᶺ棬ùӶԾȥܾڣ԰Ӷף
Ӽѹ뺢ӣǿǣȻȥӵġ
˵ĺƽʱƵġ
ѵ˵һûܣ
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ġ㡱״̬ڽǮ㹻£ӵе״̬͵긵̣ȫһģʽ
㻰˵ꡣ
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ּ䣬˻طЪ
ӼѸ§ڻԸ⣺ֲô˯һޣڣ
׺󣬸֪С˵Щ§˯Ļ棬ƭ˵ġԼô˯ô˯§§ڶˣ
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˵µĻһʱ˯ţӼ§ţʣʲô£ֱ˵£ûˡ
ŪԼˣ㣬
øʮΣš㡱֡Ȼֱ׵ľܾ飬⻰֣޸ʦֺһֱǴʦ𣿡
Ӽһֱãʵʿ಻ٵļáİõĻŷǮͬʱԼԼ
ԲԼǱԼǰ裬һֱĻ
ӼҲʶ£˵˵ʳΪ졢˿֯ӡ鷻֡
ðɣӡ鷻ȻЩ࣬壻ʳΪ˿֯˳£ռҶʱ䣬еˡؼʱ̴ʦǮǻиطŲôʦ޽Ǯ֮ǣֶΪʡ
Ĳ˵ȥ꣬ӼӸڹδĿӼԼҲϣȷûнǮĺ֮ǡ
˵ϣӼֻ˵ԼǿϱԼ
ͯƹڿʱǷеЩζ
˻ͯƹĳʦãˡͯƹȻȫ෴ˣʦð˳ûԼ˶Σʦúǲܡ
ͯƹ񣬻ԬۡԬԼڣƾʦʦĸʦñȥĿԼ
ãһжû
Ӽ˫ȦŸȦͷЩˣͬʱૣΪݲ֮ʱ㣬һȺܰաڣ㲻֪жҵʱˡ
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ѶӼţᶨ˵ûģֲԼ޳ȥ
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ӼȦס۵Ļҿۣ
һ仰ŵø𲻸Ҷˡ
ܾͯƹ֣ܡͣף²֪жأ˻ȥˡ
ӼᷴЩʧ䡣Ѿˣͣôͣø˲Ŷԡ

ڻӼᣬЦߡ
ܾ˵ʱףźӣϽɽԺļƻһ顣
ͯƹϣĿǰÿ¿֧ӣǧҡԤĿռ䣬ʣģ֣˽ҽѧҪĶ㣬ⶨҽѧԺʮˣѧԺһٶʮˣѧԺ
ΪѧԺûʼΪѧԺǳǮףӼһϿɡһжºף˶磬ٻؼҲμԡܹ޶ꡣ
ǵؼҵԭٲһ䣺Ҵҵµļ̳ˣ
ףûšҴĸǰ󲮸ϡԣõܱ˵ӣ̳߱мҵʸңҲˡ
ҷҲǵһȡοûлλҪ̳Уôĸ֮ʳõܣ㲻˳ĵӣ֪ף赭дģߵôǰͬ⣬ֹľҵڲҪˣְ߿̫ˣ
ӴʦöҲأף٩ţֵ̣ãǱǺðӵ˵ȥʮ꣬Ҳѧ˺ܶ촬ı죬ѧãǺܺô
Ҳֻףˣô
͸ϲףˡ
ȻףھҪӣҽѧԺѧѡε¶֣ܣͯƹǰշѧӵ£ȻӼˡĸָԣ˱СһΣѧԼʦף
ףЩ굽˹ΣʦõĶ£һһظϰΡڸңζûеĻᡣΪˣףһЩؼңֻҪܸԼɡ
ͬסԺܾţû˵ѷҲ˹ԵӼᣬᶣһġΪһֶҪ
ʵ֤ûд
ڿ͵º󣬸ֲֻѧҵϵ£ǺҳӣǱ츳ĳӣΪЩԱ⣬ȴŮӶŲһ䡣ۿ͸ˣȦڼȥ׻
Ӽ͸İ£ݺݶһ˼ʹϵͳ¼ҡҵͬӵܴĻȡºһظ֤ܻͱ˹ͨʦĺˡ
С꣬ĺӣͶкøС˸ΪʦʣôŮΪʦ˲ô
󷽣Լ˵ˣѸµչˡչˣһһĩ˵Ա⣬ʦ޿ޡ
ͶԸĺøУ˻һǡУһһ
ﾫԼ£ǳȻʷͣļأ
˱˽µķͣĺ˼ֻܾðѷҵ˵һ˵䲻ţȴҲأ͸òĴ󻧡һûһ֧ĹùãȴΪңϵ˶ʮϣΪ˸˼ҵȻҪչá
ĸʱ壬ǹùôġùóޣҲ˶ͣѧáùòҵĸףȴʤҵĸסǵ
ӻҶָܣҼҹùҲ
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ȢƯﻹίԼ߼񣬹ֱסƵ÷һصؾȢ޵Ȣͣɫӣ
ǾĿҲҪֻ˵ûر⣺ȢĸֲҶģúʦ˵ȥ
£͸óû˸ĸʦǳ޷Ҳ㡣ʦ㶨ʲôӣ㶼Ϊɫϲá
磬Ҽˡ
ӦţʦôãôҸŮأ˵ˣʱˣһȻϣ磬ǰ񣬲İɣ



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ͷɿϣûУ˵һβμԣʧ⡣
ûôƭ˵ʦ˵ϵԽ죬Խ֣ԽáϣûУҲǣ˵
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ԶãʦҲ̫ˣ
ʦȤȤ꣬ɱȺÿ˼ˣᶨάŸ
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Ķ¾ܣɫô˵Ĳ𣿡
ǡǡҾãѾǳÿˡϾڱ˵Ůӵ£˵󣬷Ͱ׾գһƬΡ
ˣɴ۾ŭصȤ꣡
͸Ͻ񣺡ҲԣʦʦȤãѧʣԲԣ
ôദķͣҲ̫ţ󷽵ؽ·ƪʳΪķ˷ǳͷҶܺȵѾƣ԰ɡ
ûмҲ˵ұ󣬻ɡ
ĺ⣬ЦܣȥĵطԷҲ١ʳΪʦޣһ¿ԴȥΣʦϡ
ûټ֣ȵʳΪĲ˵Թ˺ڳϣĺܺáܾƣٲһ˭ȵġͱ㽫˳ĩ˵ֵܺܺദ̫άʦˡ
͸𻹲죬Լõ˼ʡܾпš
˵ĹôпţܾҲӣð
ܾû뵽͹۲ôãһЦΪڳǰϦף׵ĶӼİ㡣
ֲɾƴأѿڶ˵֪Լ˵ɶϽ͡
ܾЦˣ˵ӼңΪѸļ޸ũһȥӡ

ĺǷᰡû˵ѾӼġ顱¸˭ϣ̲סɣЦĺܱ˵ܾ˵岻ˣôһвѵԭ򡣡
ܾûзϣķ͵ļ򣬵һס˼ҷޣʵ
˵ܾ꣬췿ȥϢúúʦͽദ㲻ԿġУ´γȥȾƣǵøҴһ
Žյǡƣæʣǽһô
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ɽһƣ˵һʳΪˮƣǳµľƺ˵һ˿˿ζҲҡ
൱ֳٷ󣬷ںʵ飺ùңҲĺáԹùúãҪԼȥɣҷùãҲǶԹùúã׵ĹԽԽҲǶԹùúð
һԣ͹ʧֵҲãֻûȫԸˡ
⻰ˣžҵԷģһƣ;ǲ޳µġ
˾䣺ҲȢúÿıá
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ͱȥȥֱ̣˵˷͵Ըʦ粻Ƥ࣬ϱӣ¡
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Ҫڷңһڣ飬ŵؿǡײϸ𿴹ߡ
ŷͣ¶ȻЦе˵뷨ܶԣֵó޵ǣ㲻ԸȢ˼ң㶼û£ƿƷԹأǷ˵㡣
ĸҵ佱æû˼ҹҾ룬Ҳûǻᡣ
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˵и˵ˡԼҹŮƷòֵøõġ̫̫Ϊ˵֪֪׵ĸãϵڵġи֣ѰֳɵľӣеҵģµȷҲͳȥˡ
ǿ˱𣿡ͱʾԼĵǡ
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ϲ֪ɫôͻˣֶԾСӲϣǴ齣鷿ǡôʣҾ߲಻٣ɫɫ뱸ӣľġ
  



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ἰףҲģһʱ䣬Щԡ
Ϻܿʰʦǻƻ棬һ㱸ϣߵһëľȻĺܺá
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˵ڱĵطʹǸõ˶֪ϸϺԺڸɽڵʱɸһٰļҡ֮Ӽ״Ԫɡӱڸŷǳߵελ˭ܵλ
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һ̣ƽ۰Լ̲ܲ˺͸˵ס꣬ͬͬӣũңȴ鼫áòۣ㹻С
Ǳ˽ܵĹǸó˦ҹﵽԸ⣿ϲԸ⣬̸Эĸţ֪ĸ֮󡣲ֲ֪ôĸ̣վҳߡ
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ĸؿŵܵܣʣҵĹ֪𣿻ǣҲǺһ˼
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δüŭĸɽҲŭˣҪӲףҿӣ
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پʮ 
УŮһֱǿп޵ģ۵ĶǶӡڷż޽ŵʱ򣬵ҲķϲܽɽϡŹһңڣ˶ӣǿİ׶ۼȽɣýȴһҲûȽҵͨҡĵȽɵӣȴû檵ġ
ҲһҹģԺһһ㣬ġϴݻؼңŮӣǰ㶼ʶֱ⼸꣬ޣиɽнʿŽʶͬ
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ТŮɽһһšЩǰ̫̫Ҳû˵ֻϴδġֱգЩӸɽ˵ĻţжӲڣӴᣬһ仰˵Ӿǻңô졭
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˵˵ȥҪ檡
Ҫ˵ͻȻǲܵġֻǵһʶ涼ġ˲ǸǱ۰ŮŮĶӡǵ
̣ǲܣңǷһ˫Ů
̶ҪƽƽģС㣬Ҫǵã



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ҳ֮ʣ·ڵּ˽ӣŵĸȥ



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̫̫ҲѵС˵Ҳûˣ˵
Ц˳
ǰ֪ϣ£ٲôһ˼ͬìܣҲ͸֪ĺãļˣŸġ
˵ˣʳ·壺´磬ٰдһŸҸ𣿡
յȥƽţʱǳ·ʵġһ죬·Ҳû⣬ӦºøʦҲϼֵġߵˣѾ߶ʶֵġ
Ĳ˵ģ·Ǻ⣬ǲ죬Ǳ֪ôˣΪԼһ£ҪǮǶ֪ġ˵Ѿʶ֣Ϊ£ȻϰáأҰ׸飬ֲܻرʲôʡ
·ͷʾס
´κ͸ʱȴ˵飺ʦõЩǣǲãȥͼž۲Ǹã
ʣ⻰Լ˵ģ˵ģ
·䲻֪ʲôʵʵش𣺡Լ˵ġ
㿴˼ҹˣ
ʦ㡪·循ˡ
ֱӵŮӺϣϾͿ£ֻҪ̸³çҲأûʲô˵ġ
·ҧն˵ûпһСӣ
һ㲻еģ
Ҵʦ֣ʮһĹﶼϲôʮأСһͬ·˵⣬Ǳ㲻Ҫˡ
·壺
Ҳͬ£˵ŮѧҪģûأ꣬ˡСĶȵеͷˣĸ׹գɿЩ
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³һǰ´ӣСߣǺ򸮣һƬЦδ£ӽԱȥ˽ͬ𩡢ףһ˾Ժѧ֮ǰ˸
ҪȥԺ
ûڵһʱӦӺһѣģԼ˵
ԣЦ˵Ҳûⷽ浣ǡһһ飬һҲһУȥ˾ѧԺѧԺҲĻεģû׼ǾС֮ҲĵǱߡ
̾Ͳˣǽ㣬ΪԥƺǺԸȥԺģ



پʮ Ը
ԥΪԸûġ۸ΪʲôȥѧԺ졢ꡢأǸԼ𰸡Ҫ֪ѧϰȻԴȤʼȤߵ󡣾ѧԺҪֱͨԺ;ˣֵΣǸĹǣǶԸŨŨĲΡֲΣȴ֮ڿڡ
ԣ˼Ƭ̵̣ĴǣҪһ롣
ʲôȴ͸˵ˡ
ҹͬӼ˵ԼĹǡӼЦʲô£ԺͳĿγ̣γ˼һҪ᲻㣬Ҷȥˡ
˺Ů˵Ĳͬô֪Ǿ䣬٩Ӽ᣺ҪҪǮùȥԺꣿ
ʲô㣡
Ӽݺݳͷ˸һǲģǿǿһӹɡҰѻ⣬Ժģزڡ˵˵Ҳ̡С̽겻ʮ꣬㲻ϰô;ϵ׼ԼҪĴ۱ǡ
Ӽ˵࣬˾Цǰ̸أ
縸ĸӦˡ
ӼᲢʲôɸδ֮ǰˡ⼸ڽ꣬ûٽӴָ˼ң֪ÿӼȥƴСӵġãԼûϵؾܾӼᡭ
޸ʦ֣Ⱳȷľ˵
ӼһĥˣЦ𣺡ɵ˰ɣС̶ҵܵܡ㲻ҲҪܵġΪ˵⻰ǲء
°
ذѹ£󣬱Ӽڳһξģ˵Ը
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һΣݺӼᣬӼᣬʮ㡣
գӼˬسţȴͲ𴲣Ůһٽѵʱܶܶĵŷ䣬ǲá
źӼݵĹŮͬŮ¸˵ȥ
׿ȥӼᣬȴһ˵ǣҽն飬ϰ簮֡簮ǲá
ȵһö˵˻ԼҹŮӼ˵ĻϲԼҹŮͷСӻʲôŮ޲űǵ¡⻰ҲŮǲµޣֻľ̵ǸŮ£Ϻܶ˶ǵı׼ȥǿѣа˸˵㡣
ʲôСһ⡣
ɼԴˡ
׿ϸ룬ֻ˵˾䡰ԡû˵Լһ
վɼ˵ܵܣ˸̴𸴣֧ȥԺȴҪԼ¡
㾡˵̵֪ʮֽˣ˵£ʮ£Կǡ
һһʮˣĻɼܻٮٮߡҪŵҵ֮ʣۺϳɼʮ֮⣬Ҫĸּ£ǰţȢӡ
ûڵһʱŵ˵ŵֻ˵ĳͷĽأأ
г񣬸֪󣬱ֱӵ˵Ҫ󡣡
Ҫģڣбȥɡ
ǻСʮ꣬ȸҲǵȵģǣˣɼ꣬ҲĹΪûֱҪҪ뷨£ûͬƽϣԼҪ󣺡ôӦ㽫ԼֻҪﲻͷ㲻ǿ
̲õ˵ʲôأ˹ԼԸģǺʲô𣿡
𲻹ܣֻ׷ʣֻ˵𲻴Ӧ
ȻӦˡ̺ԥӦˣֵж£˵
ЦãԼֻǸ˵ʵϣһֱΪֻҪ껪ÿһξ塣ԣʲôҶԣֻҪ߾ȫȥ
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۹޳ģȴǳļУСʱסȽң䲻׽סһֱšȸɽصʱѾϺԺɲȽҵļ԰ǿŲģŶ֮ĸܣǽ
֮Ÿ뾩ǰּ꣬ʶһáһΣǽĹͣڽ꣬ǽĵܵܣСӣǺӶơ
ǣԽԽףڲͬĺҲΪһ˿١䡰ֻҪȣÿһ塱ǽдô
ջ۵֪ļ£̳ĬƬ̣Ц˳Ц̹Ȼţ˵ģһԽΪĵģҲԡ
ܽµĵܻܵǲģϲĵܵܵļ򣬵ˣȥ׼һ£ѧ׼
¶ʮ̾뿪˫ֺﱻ˸ĸǰ



پʮ ˽
·Ե˸Ļ֪аšڶԸΣԼҶ»˸㣬һû˵
Դһ֪ʱƽȣȲסˡǱȵԭȴԲͬȣһ֡Ҫǿһͼȡ£һ¹Ĳ㰲ȡ
ãǳ̫̫
̫̫ҲȣȴǾ˪ĵ׾ȵס֮ˡв˳̫̫ǰǲʧҲȥ߰˰ˡ
͵ˣǳ·塣
·ǰûзף̫̫ӹΰ·˸ĵȴίġǳ̫̫ǱĬټϸ˸һһʵ֡⼸겻һֱδڵġʦͽϵ·ų׽Ůʦ¡
ʦʦڣʦŵĸоڽָ꣬һ¥ûк˵֪ͨûһξ˷ѡ
Աǰ·Ѿ̥ǡ
̫̫սһյĿѶӺǷˡṩıĸ𣬳̫̫ĸлԸҲģۼЩţ裺õģǺ¡ϸ룬۵ˣ۹һүǣĸԽԽã
³ߣϦڣŮڡ
Ϊ׿ڣ˳̫̫ϯó̫̫ݣ½ǹǴǰھǣ½ĹǣصԲ
õĹȴϲϲ޽ũţ˵ӹΰ̫̫֪ûиûĺˡûи뵱ѧûأ
Ҳ뵽ǰŮڡ
˳̫̫磬ȴûͳ̫̫һԺסţ©һг̫̫˵ȻƲס롣
̫̫˵ȥǿŶӡͬסҡҶûϵԼҲԸͬйϵȥ׵һЩ
˵ˣݺΡ
εģǸ𣿸ĪءĪؽ˽꣬Ȼһ㲻ܲˡ
Ϧһֱ޵ġ
Ҫȥˣ֪ðⲻȥˣŻѵĹٴʳ̫̫ûµĶ԰ɣ
̫̫϶˵µġƣ֪㲻Ըүӱһֱ㡣ⲻүǰߣžͼˡ
⸵δ̫˰ɣţŮĴߴУ̫̫ȥ
Ҳû˵Ц˼˸ǣ¶࣬й˷û˵㣬ίˡ
ĸҳϣæίģҳôͷһôС
⻰ǽε˵ţ𶨾ϲˡԼʮʱΪˣҲὫȷϡһϣۼ̫ˡҲˣﲻô״̬ҲͲյľˡ
˶٣͸̶»˸˵˳
͵ܵԺܽҵ꣬һȫ㣬ϱҵҪҵ󣬿סܾǸԻޣͷҸĸ
˵ԼǱҰˣ
ѹһµίӿͷ̲ס˵˾䣺Ҿί
ûգʵίǱȻģ֪ǣõίʲô
˵ⲻŵˣǴˣǻ˵δҲܻؼңܻ𣿡
ܻ棬ܻؼȴáأʱȥֻһͳû˻ˡֻˣţҿ뷨ϾӼ࣬԰㸸ĸϾס
ŹӼģΪ࣬һÿҲôһˡԣԼҷǳ㣬֮Ӽ̫࣬ѡ
ǰﲻҲһˣżӳ̫̫·֪һЩ¡ӼιӼƣԹӼ˽⣬ˡԼ֪Ǹķǳõĳŵ
ãҴӦӡӦˣȴһЩ׳ʿļơ
𲢲ҪĽֶ˵˼䣺ҲҪΪ¶ҵܵƫҪ֪κ¶кúͲõĵطҪģѺôͻйҪôҪֻܻҪôҪõģ¼䣬ûֿܡ
ƽʱ˵䣬ȥ£̫
ֻ֪ԼͶˣŬѧΪƥ丵̶Ŭĵƽ֮
һԼƽʸ𣺡ӣүʥ飬ȴ£ûд𣿡



ʮ Ϊ
ȻСﵽСھԴ⡣СУǴˡأ룬ش⣺ȻǴģҪܵͷҲҪˣ겻ζʲô׵ġ
ǡ㻹
ûʳ˼дϡ
㲻š¶ŮҵģҲҵܵܣøĸ֪˲˼⣬ûĴ¡֮ģڵΡΣΪȥŬ²裬ΪĽ㣬ȻǹΪζСߣҴһʼͽˡԸӣ¡
ⷬиΪ̫̫յۣ￴ľһ۰ܵܡȴֽĽ㡣
Ҳǡ
̫̫Щ˼ңСžͽ˳ȥίûطί
иãôһʲô˼ϡȥ˲ƽһʱ䷢֣Ҳˡֻ밲ؼͨũҹôⷬűίˡ֮ǸмŶԡ
ҲûôҪ
ʱܸıܶණɡ
ҪæһȥɡҲÿգ𣬲ÿնһʱʶ֣ʶ¡
鼮ֽī⣬ЩֳõĶҪáʵˣ͸ƽˣлл֮
뿪
Լϵûȥ·ԺԼұ˶ߡ߱˼Ҳͷ¸߰˰ˡԵĲۣ̫̫һֱ˵ŸǺˣһ˵ǡԼѧܹ꣬鲻Կ
£ȥʱ̫̫ԺǿŵĶûע⡣
̫̫Ժֻһͷ̵ɨµСѾͷȴһûţߣߵǰӵ֪ǳ·ˡ룬̫̫緹ˡ
ΪԼҾ;³ҵĳúܣҲࡣԣǮгԼȥطǿеġ⼸̫̫˼Ǯ·δȢףҪڼһġԣÿÿȥ
Ҳ㡣
ĸ˵Żų·ʮˣ̫̫ٲһ£ҲˣܸҪȢ׵ġǸõģÿʦ˼Ǹʲô˼֪𣿡
·Щ˼֪̫̫ض£˵ʦ˵˵£ҪԼġֻҪǺõģôŶеġ
̫̫ǳԹ¿ˣϿʶӣģ
·˵ûС
̫̫ЩҪһֱûУһֱôŲɣ
·æĸױ𼱣ǵġʦ˵֪ص£˼ǣûпĵģǱٵһȣǰ;ܸҸʵġ
иģȢƵŮҲΪԼʿ̫̫һ⻰żľͶ
̫̫һ̾ҲǡֻǸţ˵ҲòȥҺúö飬ǰУͷܹ޷ˣϱףǸɫɫܸɵĲСҪҪôϱԼҲõĳ֡
·г̫̫ϲߣĸЩʲôҲȢˣȢŵģͷһҪТĸףĶҪ
ĸ⻰ϲ
·廰䣬̫̫ЦۣȴһٲصĵġŵʦеŮӣĲ˵Тһ
ĸ˵Ǣ⣬ȥ򣬾ȵʣＸʱģ
յûˣءЦŻҫеĶãЩԺŲѧ֡
⻰̫̫ͳ·嶼ӣ̫̫ŶӵĻϸڡﵹҲûһһ˵ˡ
·˸пСʦ廹Ǻ
ﲻףиô㣬û˵
ŸӣҲǸġ̫̫ʱ̲ӡ
ĸ׷ģʡá
·ֻǰ׸п˾䣬ûȥοݸΪʦӼҲǼĵġ⼸Ӽר˽ϰ䣬ǲ֪ˡ뵽⣬·ֲ˾䣺һֱǵʦĺãŴʦֵĺá
ǹӽԳ֪ĸ
̫̫ǰӣ⻰ֶ˵ԼǸõģү۹Ҳ˵˲ö˼ԣ˼͸綼˺ô㽫䵽δòǡ
⻰͸ǰ˵ǶΣͬһ
Ҳ⣬ѸĻ˹˵ʡáкôռ˵ģҵ˺ôЩҲӦġ
˵꣬￴˳·һֵۣ̫̫ڣôҲǸ֪ôˡ
մ̫̫Ҫ



İһ غս
æʱʱ⣬Ǿһգ۵Ĺ򡣾ԺΣѧ£ŮѧԺΣεһ조Ժ󣬴Ժ뷶
ͬʮ·ؾμֱԣ·оٺֱ£ع꣬ûвμͬʮĻԡ
ͬʮ괺ǣʿȡʿλУǹӼһٶʮλϾһٶʮλ·ΪԺѧӡ˴οƿཨϾӼһγԽǹӼࡣ
ϾӼϾӼɾӼᣬʽΪʿֵıˡϺԺˮǴߣǸĴ˵ŨصӼӡ
ԴһԲ磬ǲ룬ûաŮѧԺΪҲʲô£Ҫȥ˷
ӽԺ齨֣ף˶ӵЯһʣһͶ롰Զ̺ţͬʮ³ʮ¹飻һγӾ뵽ﶼŵġ˵ڶΣʵģֱӿһĸ£ͬʮ꣬Żƽ
һ˲䣬Զ̺ţɵйôһʲƸǰԼϻӼǮľٴӻ꣬ϾӼ໧ɣְԶ̺Ŵӡ
ǮӼִ˾棬鷻ʵ׼뱸֮ʣȫռײҵǹӼ½ɾŮϢӲڼɾƵλϿȥ
Ҫúûţſʥ£
æµ׹ŮĽѧרˣοһأճ̫̫˵ĸɫŮǾǹŮܼֻлϲûвõġ
һ֮ʣجġȫغ̶ܵͬȵ𺦡ǡԺһѧӼҵ鲻⣬ǣԺ顣
򣬲ǸġӡУȻҪ֮СԴˣӼ͹ӽԳвͬ۵㣬ǾԮĹӽԣЩӵֱ飬ǵŸó͢ļʽбˣΪβѧ
ӼһЩӵܲμӿƾ٣˲˵Źɵá飬ְڰٻ֮¡ٻµľ񼮻硣ʿԸ⡣ļȻļʱսսɢҪļսȡսתٷΪ;
ѵӼᆪһأҲˣֻһ䣺;ӦŬ߾ĴǵײʿĴ°Ϊ٣ΪΣ
һҼž
ӼһŹӽԣʦĻеô¾ͽˣ
ӽԱߵְǸͷӣԴǱģֻҲɵЦ֮£кʱȨˣĹ˵㣿
佫ȥƴƴ˾Ǿ޴棬Ĺܻ˼붨ͬһȣ佫ֲԸˡŵˣŻ᳣ݡĹƤӸսʱ⣬ʱ佫ԿĹռλġ
ҪӼõĹ֮ףҲƤһͿԽ¡Ӽ˼ú󣬵ٸʮꡣ
ӽŵúϲ£졣
ʮӼ᲻ʮꡣʥ꣬ڸ齨ʮ꣬ʮģûһ
Ӽ㣬üʣôʮ꣬㲻
ӼԼҪʮ꣬ӽԱҲҪʮ꣬ɵ֣Զһλá;ô̼ӽԺ˼£ҿڸı֣
¾Ժѧӣļķʽӽ£ͬļӵĳ·˸ٻ𵽵˽һЩӣչ̸
˶飬ΪⲻΡǽ룬ԼҲԸġסˣֻܶãɽԺҽ߳˼Ȼ¡ǰǮƾûôҪˡͷȱǮҩıǽһ㡣
Ӽˮһʧ٩ԼҵǮ裬ôģ
ȴһػش𣺡ңймҡң˱ɹˡŮˡʲôĶ⣡
Ͼ˹º˽ɽһﻹһġ
Ӽԭǵ٩ٲö˼һȥ˽һ˽⣬µ˴˷˴ģɧŸһʡ򲢷һ֮ӼὫϢ͵ӽУӽԭв²⣬¸ȷˡ
ӽϾر֧Ԯս֮ˣ༸꣬ӼڸǰҲ˽ţ̽ȥܱ򰲡սʱܶϱ飺ҪԼغʡͬ䱸
Ҳ˵ȫս״̬룬Ҫȫ𡣿룬ӽǰ㣬ʥΣӡ



İ ۽
ǻĥ˼飬֪ˣҸգϷȷϹ󣬷
Աһ£ӽ±㲻ȫǵӼţԼ˲²⣬ֱӹҵˡ˵ǳڶӼΣ²ܣӽ̣ܽ£ֻϢ
ܱͬ˫˫˲飬õϢҪӼĻҪࡣ˷ٳңѾʧء¹λָѸ࣬Ұ˰Ӽ̬ԣԼ緢쳣ϱߣԶ򸮣ӽԡ
ȻעáսµϸڣԺŮȻ
Զӷ˵һӦǣһۣӽֻҪ¡ʧܣǲܵġ˷غܣʥΣӡӷ˾ã۲Ÿ˲ӽԣ۹أʤ
˵ӽʵ̫ˡ
ӽԵ˵ãϡ佫˵ӶรǺãǱȫôеĸ˼аӡֻӱĲ״һȻֻӣӻĸѾˡ
˹ӵãӷŬֻһӣͣҩ߰ˣҲһӡŮ
˿̫١
մӹӽӣǹӽԲ檡Ҳûܴ˵£ǽӽӣѾӰķʲôɾأȶԣӷĺܡܱ¶ΪԶ˷ϣӳϢջϲ
ϸ˼գԼĸҲСˣͬԶ飺µӲһ꣬ͷСҪܣӽֲߣȥһƣ˳㿴ĸס
񣬹˼̫̫ˣϺԶТˡӷܹܼңڷߺԶӡôЩ檣ĺôϾãԶЩġЩٵķϣͲˡ
ļãֻԶţʰɣҲҪȥꡣ
Ϊ˦˵ķˣүȥʲô
ϾͳˣҲûʲôˣԶغսǲó½ǿԵġʥʱֱɽҵ˼ϴСȥֱȥ
ԭˡ
ԵĻû˵ųϱǳֻһҪ󣺡ҲܣϴȥүԼҵĺá
ԶȻ˵ôʣҪ̳кģȻҪҡ
̳У˾λԶӲԶ޷˽ЩˣɸԶԶڣЩֺѿӵĺô
Զ˵Ŀ϶ŵմӶϢˣȥ˳һ졣
ˣЦȻҪ͸һġ׷ģܼ̳ܲмҵԽãԽǰġڶӣŸ״ЩҵûΪǰס֪ԼҪͷķ⡣
һϯ˵ԶüЦųӵļ޵ããⷬұǴ˿̱ۣܷĵȥˡ
˾Ůֻӡ
Ҫµģӷ˱룬Ҳֻ¡ŵĺûˡӷ޷ֻøӰźˡ
ͬʮ³ֿڽӵԼšգ㽫Ӷ˶վȥŮѧԺ¡ϻҵʱ򣬱ԼҴȥġԴˣ̫̫ǲ
ŮӶˣȴһۣ˵ƣܹǾɷǸŮˣôҲܲأ
϶ĸ׵߶ֻ˵һ䣺ӽΪʦòӣʦΥ
˵ŮѧԺֲ̫̫ˣôŮѧԺµ˼ҵĺӶգƫҪҵĹ
·żžͽˡ
ŮѧԺŮӣ뾭ˡܲңһ˹ˡ
̫̫ıԹŵһֶŮ˵£ô˵ôһܹˣǶʲô
ʮĺһµСǣŵôײһȺ
˹⾰գ˵״ǰͲֹһε˵̣Ϊȡǣ͸ʹ˺úýһ̡ụ̂㲻УЩӴҲȻĸ׺βַּңѰ·
Ϊ̫̫þãһֱûּңͬˡǷ̫̫ĵ֮Ҳǿ֮˶ã˶ԵҲ࡭
һأʲôң̫̫˵ǽһֱ׳ĻȻ˵ˣҲƼ⾰ˡ£ʮأͷԼĪҲ͹ˡãʮأɡ
׷ҵԭˡ



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ʮ꣬һǧĶĵͼۣ˵ӡϱУҲҪģȥҵĿ
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⻰û˲˵ģ˼ңܵõ򸮵İһʱܺùһ⻰һԭЩģҲּˣ׷׹ڷ̫̫ǰ

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լӲ󣬵Գ¼˵ոպá̫̫ҪΪի𣬻ǳ·Լ˵ĸģʦ̴ģ˵ҪһТ
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ӼȨޣӵۿˣȴֻӼ뿪
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ܸܸ˶ˣӼɺ⣬ǰδеġôʹǵĹģҲֻӷꡣǸһμӼᡣ
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⣬Ŀ
Զ̺ţӼϵĲƸ䲻֪׼ȷ֣ʮеġߵˣӽӡ𩣬ĸʱң



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Ӽ滮ڸ֮ʣĿҲ˳
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ŮȨˡǰŮѧǽŮӶô򵥵ŮȨǺһȨŮȨ

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ͬʮ꣬ٹٶУһϸӰڸӼֲֻ࣬Ȩ㳯ҰԹ˳󣬸ϽȥĹŮӽӻؼҡ
ŮȻ˵Ů˵̺ܽӣײ
ԴˣӼʮֲϱʲôʲôĺӣСʲôʲôҺʲô
Ƶ⻰˵ģҼʱõţ
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ÿʱӼغڣӦøԼҸ޸ĸŮŽŮ޷졣
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׿ΪʥĵһŮ飬ȻֻǸ飬עʷˡŮӣңҲֻˡ׿סֻһǷˣ߳š
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ͽܣָĲǹӽԺͳ·壬
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