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1.   1 ¼ƻԽ

2015꣬ĳɽͷڡ
һһèһɳϣֻ۾ĳϸָˢˢˢ¶ʱʱִ䡣
УҪµ1001000𻪻ȣԺԲô죿
һֻèԣëצצֻ
У֪𻪻ȶ𣿻1000鷳㿴ǿϻжǮ
ľһֹӰèƷ
ˣֻèֽëë
үĴԽȻүԣүôôడ˵ëëͿʼˡ
ľܲˣӦ򼸱ƻȵ飬ʱԼëëǿӦ
ԻⲻóԣɽȦһ˲ٵţѼ죬Ϊ˳ԺóԵġ
Ҫ֪ĶҲͬƷʵġ
ľԭǸĹ¶ʦ޼Ϊͽǰ޼ľһɴ½ľʶΪʦϵС˵԰Σʼ˵˵ˡ
죬һ״ֱʮɽͷϣ޼ֱӾôˣľ̺ϾȵСͣӴ˿ʼʦµֻèΪ
ľס˶ʮʵ޼ӿԪ½һ߼鱦ǣëë鱦ûӡ
ѷۿžҩƷʳã޼뿪꣬ľֲ̿ݷ¸
ǵѷȷʵʱҲ취ľǩԼԼëëû㹻Ӳһ֡
ëëͰ͵˵ؿԪ½ʵǵûô֧ëëƽ赣ټľǸƽ޷ɽ⡣
һ¼ҵףëëԽʱգصһǧǰʢʱȥһ뿪
ľԭǹ¶һԴ˵Ҳûʲô֧ëëľ
ԣֻڷµڻĳ档
ľϸ뻹Ҫڵɶ
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أһǧǰûɶ˳ԣɴӡ
Ϊһ߼鱦˿ֻһķԺӣǰͷſԪ½幬ɽʦҸ䷿ӣʵϣһһСųȥһƬأĵط
۵ĺԺ߻һľ̻ϳסұȫɽмһ޼ʵƽԭмط󲿷ֶľֲҩһЩСطʳɶģָָܼĹߣľϲԵĶٲˡʳĵط˼ֿ⣬ʳһЩС͵ոʳĻ
ḻֻ̌һµëëֻëצӲą̃ԷС˵ӰϷЩԺľʳ
˳ԵĻҩƷ1000ȫӲҩٲˡ
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ʣµһʱ䣬ֻæոֿݣС翪ͿҲְҵĵһΡ
ȫſڣһߣëëһëצӣȫղصԺĲֿ⣬Ʒ߲Щȫŵ⣬ʵڷŲµĳʳĴ
ԣǴľʦ޼ľ̡ԼëëǻʵĳԻټĳռݱһ¥İ齭ɽ˫ŵı߲˵ġġëëСԻĸֱ̡ܺˮġʳƷĵȵȡ
ұ߿ǽһŶʮʮĴޣֵطס춹̶ڶȵʳԱ߰һŹӣŵȫǸĢɻνǡһѶ͹һ˻ġ
⼸ľ̺ëëտݣڶֵľСӡ
ϣľɳ̾
ëë䵽ľϣſϣľûи
ëëѵûϴģһء
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޼ʮǰľʱľѾδɢľԱǿð΢һľסȵ޼
ΪľȡΪľ̡
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ľģֲҩҲֹֻصģ˲Ρ֥Щ氮
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ݵһһжʦģͯĻҲֻëëһΪ˼ʦëëǷҲûʲôϧ
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һʱëëһҵһеŮˣֱӰľ̼ŰŰ
ӤԴһܱ֮סḷ̌ꡣ
ëë²ۣϣܺ겻Ҫôˡ
ëë˸ɽͷžˤȥ
ʱֻƻĴԽһǧǰ뷨Ȼزˡ
ʱǽطǻ
һǧǰ1960ꡣ




2.   2 ɽ

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ľϴӻĵɽʱľ̳ףһŮľӡľӺŮľ壬ΧӻĵھĶ۸ľ˿ʵٵúܡ
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ǰһ˳ĳʳãɽ漸ӵ˸һֻͷԣԲιιԲ͵ڶԵú涼Ҳһġ
ɽӲһӻ˿ڣʳǸ⾯裬ټϵطƫԶҼһŬĶʳ
ǰʱ嶼ŷǣʳ鱨ɽҲڵɽӳľ󣬲һû鱨ţЩģʳʵڡ
˵ˣɽֲ˵զģ
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˲ϧİɽҲϲȥɽҼһʼּңӲչһٻ˼ңɽӡ
һȺӻĵ˶ʳִŲСһĴһɽӶһˣɽӶûֶˡ
ֻǸ¶¿ֵʳСɽӵΪ˶յʳѾ֭
̫ɹͷΣûһͣһһŸݵ͵㣬һϡ࣬Աһˡ
һǰ޵ɽľңǰӺùһľľϴľ6꣬϶ľ5ꡣ
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һһƨڵϣϡ൹Աߣ̯øϽøϣһˮܶһڶ೤һʳ
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Сһﻹûüˣˡ
һٵ˼ңվԺĬĬᣬƺڵϾǱˡ
ţү˻ֻԼ
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ľŮ޵úãҲԵ޹ʵ۸ɽˡɽӶ̾ľг㣬ɽӾǼҺгϢϴ󵱱ؼҼ̳ľϴľգ϶ɽӵĶӳŮ˳ˡ
ڣضܶˣӸǲùԼֵܷ˼ңľҲżӼһľ塣
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ǰľҷֳҹǰﺢӻСڲɴͰѺˤɺשһľͷשģӡ
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Ҽһĳð̣һȺӱűɽܻؼң¨װһЩҰӣֲĸɽΧɽ˵ҰˣܳԵĲݶͺˣÿɽżڵɽµһЩ
ľľãڵһɽҩӣһ׶೤̶̵ܹ
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ּһĶ飬ĴףСڳһС룬ɽҩһϡͣһΰͣóԵܰͷ
Էʱľһˣ˵ĹЦ
ľһ½ǣ裬ʲôѽұɽڲݸȥҵӢӶңҲҪԼáľɰĻԴ
ľߺȥϴֳԷһݵϾЦݣһһãҵĺͶӶҪãҲء
һһ¶ӣʱձëëŰŰһľԵĲ֪ҹرһ֮ΧţһһεıǿСС˵š
ڶһӣһ˯ľϢ𴲴£Ŵ춯
ľ˯ǳ춯𴲣ľһµһɽҩ࣬棬ľĳ緹׼õשľڻһصɽҩӳˡ
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ľӱһͱһֵͷסľһ飬֪Ǹײġ
ͬ־иö㻻һ
ľż·û
ͷżˣǰһסСĵ¶¶һǻɫ
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ľӸͷһӿڣľӿһԻƽСӡ
ͷľĶˣҲҪʮףԶҾ͸㡣
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ľӵͷڵģǺöˣ컪ԡ
컪ЦıסľӴȡ
ˣȥҳ԰ɣÿ͸ҳ
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ľӱһе˵ˣóʮǮӸӪƷ
ľӸ˵Ĺϲһкϲ£ľľ˵ӪƷһڴӦ
ǡ龫ЩӪƷ۸󣬵ֻҪʳ϶ҵȹͰٻ¥ı˲١
ľӰ£Ҳ󣬴üҳͽɽӡ





3.   3  ϲӭС

ľӻصҸպʱ֣һ¹ջؼңΧǰһ˺һ׺˵ϡ
ӻˣüô
һһ龡ǲëݸľӡ
֡
ľӽӹëҽǿһȦӲùƷӦȱĺܣö˶˸ײһ³סʳ
ľһأô
ȥʱո緹ÿ˾һСŪӡ
ľүүѳ˺ضۿۣ컪˰ɡ
ľӵͷʱʵڲУͰ컪ӵסɣҿӶˡ
ľӡľӺľøһֱãһǼ︸ĸһˮƽûʲôģľȷʵӣ˵ɽ壬ʮ˴ҲôмʶģŮĳϢ
ľ˵ŮԼͶʳܣ̫ۡǽɽӹٻǿԵģһľСӸһֻľ˵סҲԸġ
һСʱĸȥĸңһ·޵ľңľܳСӶ첻
ľҲͷ⣬ˣܿࡣȻӶϱԸ⣬ûòһ˾Ҫºͺġ
һ˳Ժ÷ϢϢȥտţҶԾúܡ
ӣľľֵǵСŽһ·СȥõľСõľꡢľӢ꣬¶໹߲Զ·͵͵ܣǡ
ľܵݺѧУһľһıСһһ·СɽС׷
ӰСҲ̶֪ϣܱһЩ
µףͲˡСû֣ɽֵĶס棬óԣιӾС
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ɽڵλúãҵ·ֻҪ·ˣԶܿ
СĻ´ܡ
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ûİĹ
ľһĨϻͷͷ磬뷨ӣһСĿɲܶ
ͷһĵľͷϡƨӻĶжŮ˭ҸҲŪͷ۾Ѫȭͷս
ľܹʲôƤϽѡõĲڻмĶû꣬һɡ
ľӳﱣܿܣĬİ׷֮ؽܿĵص棬һһѡص׳Ͷúù߾Ҫص
ȵȡľӽסҡ
ϽоѡһѡٵĶ棬ѶĸϽһص
תÿѾҵľʲô˼ôоȫǿӡӣ˵ôף˭ţ
Ů˺ͺӶ˹æоͿٵĶ棬һֿĶ棬ĸϽص
ص׳Ͷʯͷʵϸɵý˿϶ܿĵµʲô
ܿɹŮѡĹװһԶ棬ѳɶѡ
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Ҷǰ߹ľӭȥ
ҶǣǲǾȼˣǶȵȼ
ҶǰɫһһЦǺǵľӵļ򣬡ϵܣ֯ҲѰΪ˼ԱӦöΪ֯ǿ
ľӿһһ굽ͷܹηһ¶жʮʳЩһ굽ͷս첻һڷԣҲЩũ񣬸ȼ˵漸ֵС궼ˡ
ҪȻ˵ľּʶˣҿ˲ʳѽҶǰץûɹɵҧһڣζҶǰɨһԱ߶ѳɽоֻоϺöǼףˡ
ֻӵİѱܿת˼ȦҶǰʹɫ
ܿһСɹɵģûɹɵĶ棬Ӧǲû֡ӶоյģɽֻһأʳյĴӻһ㣬ҶǰѹûɽӲʳ
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Ҷǰһ֣ϹʲôѽǹкüӶˣٻܳԵ㡣ҶǰɫһתһǵӣľҲ˵Ϲʲô㶼˵ԶײڣھȼûҲ漸ӡ
ľһȣɲô˵ʳɶѽɽӵؿɱĴһ벻˵ǡ
ҶǰҲͷľӴ棬Ҳ⡣㿴϶תҿ϶£ʱٲˣʵڲеʱȼ϶ˣǴԶȽӣҲҪ׷һ룬͵Ⱦӵ
ľһҧҲǲʳҲһ˵ģҲҪʴ
ҶǰɽŮٲĿǣһʱ
ľ͵͵һľƨɣľ飬˵ЩʳģľһܹȥͷҶǰ壬Ҫ𣿡ľŴۿҲҪӣҲҪ
ľľˣҲźһʱ䱣ܿ涼СĿľϽ
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Ҷǰһĭﻹе㷢ë˵ɽӵ˵ӻĿ϶Թ⣬˭£
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ӣǼϲ֮һϲľٳԼˣ޶ĿޡӿҶǰһۡ
ҶǰЦǺǵĻӦ䣬мʶҪѰǹܷչĸáʲô鷳ǣװװ
ҶϱһץӴûĻһ䣬ĸ鷳Ҷǰ
ҶǰûԺЦɩ̫ˡ
ݿɲͼŮרװĻûɹɵʪףѹء
װʳŮ˾ͰҶǰһ˺ȥ
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İ·ϣŮĬȥһȦûа죬Ӷ֪Ҷǰɽӵʳˣ˵ҪӹѹأŮ˰Ѷٽﶼ˵ȥˣһʱ䣬ӵĴӳȥˡ
һ÷һ˻˵飬ֻܸ̾һ䣬ʲôҲˡ
˸µʱת˲ţ60°칫˻ڿĻӣľѾһĶ˹
һʹ쿴ͷˡ
ľһ£оһƤסͷ촭ˣһľؼ
ҵĸѽǴͷԽһضӤˣôԽĸëëԤӦγ
ѽǸ־Сһ߸ľϴ壬һ̾
ľæŪӪƷټϼﻹԵϷһ̥ĺãѾͷװ֣ɲס
ľŬ۾ȴɶҲľһ߷ǯסĴ֣һߺëë
ḷ̌
ëë
ëëûУ
ëëһˣ
ëë

˰춼ûлӦľС㣬ֻһ˵ͭƵ˷ܵĺҹŮˣСѾͷƯ
ľСŽţ룬ɲ۾ôÿ





4.   4 ëëʧ


ʣµĺٽˣպһûˮ࣬ثճɲŽյһ롣
ɽĺɵĿѣ˶ֻɽεδɽȪˮţʱʱҪɽϵҰˮȡ
ľ̽ˣһ׼Ͼһĳһ١ľȥɽˮʱɽȪץһֻݵ¹һòһ
¶ֲľˣľӱ
ԭΪǴԽһǧǰһ߶走ôĲҵʮ𣿻ǡʱڣڵ칫磬ȱˮȱҪǿһƬɽܽһҶӣ֪Ҫˡ
УʮˣľڶûϵëëѵԼˣëëʱҷˣ
һ뵽ľͷһʱǵҪĿֲеڻĵףһ뵽ͻһ顣
ľ˫۷ſգû˶꣬һĵų⡣
ľӺľӸһţľ̾﷢ľүүû˿飬̸˶̣ǿиɵĺ𼸸˷ܵϴܺС㡣
ľ̡һͶ淶ʰͷ¹¹ͦģûɶ⣬ľİ¹Ƥòľһꡣ
ľ̸˵ĺܣպƤӿԸģһŻܶഩ꣬СӲ
һҲˣͷյġ
淴ȤҲҼӢӣҼѾͷҲСء
ľϸʰƤӣûбһۣӢôܸɵ裬Ҫɶɶ
ֽİпŵɰϣʣµпգʣµĸʰӼĶͷϣһһ󱬳·
һҲСҿ˱ĻʣһƤӣøӢ˫ЬǹģСůúܣٴô˫Ьӣá
深ҲСˣղž˵ЦǴɩҲƳȥΪ˶ŮáǾллɩˡ
һװĵһۣ治˵
淹Ц
ϱڳһһ˵ÿġ
һʱǿӣ޵ľҾûҵˡ淹ʱҲòã˵سǵˣҲسˡ
Ů϶ټ̥˸ӣǸѽûľǸ͵ģۿŴ㱻һϹﺦ£һ13͸Լҳ·ϣǮĸܸҸ˼ҡ
ûиѧɶùΪǮ͵͵˵飬˲ǮںӱߣܲʪЬһ淲㱻˸ץסܵʱľ壬ľһѣһȥ˿ۡ
淰ľǸӣũһ굽ͷжǮľţ淸ĸſھҪһٿ۲
ۿŸĸֱӾ˻ǽ棬Ȼ淸ĸŮַھӶ˽Ҳû죬ֱֳ˿˲Ц
淸ĸ߳ŭֱ˵ûǮͱţûһٿǮ롣
ľ岻˵ҧһٿһٿ飬ȻҪŮԺ͵ûŮɱָҸǸӡ
ҸĸƽʱάСӣǾͷ⣬ˣ첻Ҳ˵䣬һͷֱӶ¥¥µھӹŶ
ó˽ǮҲѡʲôգڶľֱӽɽӵҽףһٿǮ
淴һõ·ţַھӶţɽ˶˵ľҵյǮŮ壬Ҳ˵Ժ͵ûҡ
ҹϵ˺˲£޵ط϶ٲ˵лģɽӵ˱£ӻĹмȫģ¶أҲ
ݵ㣬ǳǳ̾˿Цôõӣǰ붼û
ʰСΧ˫۷Ź⡣
ľʹľӰŹϣסŷ죬¶ζȥ
ľʵӤϣһ̿ˮһ㡣ľСӻ룬һ߳Իһ˵㣬㡣
Թζɢˣľ̰ʣµĹͷһľܰ˶١
Ϸǵ㣬һؼҡҪڻ꣬ǶôõӰѹľҲ£ԽԽõġ
ľһǰְӲѹ
ڶһ磬ľ̻˯㣬ľӾͱ˯Ϻཱུ׹Ů䣬ϲ֮Աḻ̌ɧѹֱһȵɵϡ
ľϱһѣ˵ҹŮо治˷۵ȡԣľȻḷ̌ΪȫҶֺһǰμ˵֣Ժͷء
ľֱ̼²ۣûҲˣҪȻϰߡ
һҲľɵû˵ʵ²ۡһ˳Ժ緹ͳ¶ȥˣҪһˣҪԵģȻҲ֪»û
ľȻܳţԹԵĺľ̴ڼҪľ̳̫ãȥ˺ޡ˭ҲƼݵģɽһ㣬ɽµһЩûгĴӵøײĶǣƤҶͲ§һˡ
ľ̶һɵ̹ԣȻ̸ȥ
ľһЦ¶޳ݵЦݡ
ľľǹԵúܣ˺Ͷ˺ߺ䣬ʱٿޡľӵĺӴ̵죬ҲֻƲƲ졣
ľִĥĹ⻬Ӥϣһ߷Ĺһճëë
ֻҪϵëëɽӣ칫еıɶɶҵţ̣ҵıɡҵ̲裬ɶʱܳǣ
ľɺӣԽԽǷͯëëСѡ
ʱëëСڸɶھɽ屳ɽ˳ڴﲻ԰Σ֪ʱšǻɽ£ꡣ
ëëʱľ̰ٺãҲûж֧ȥϸҵطһˤȥպˤɽһ֧ϣֱײ˴ˣһﻹϵḷ̌ľڻǸޣû壬˾ֻ߶߶߶
ˣûкҶǰ֤·žȼȻԭûбϣǵ׻еʧ
ɽܸɣʳӣʱɽһҶ֪ȥҶǰҪʳҶǰʳԭǴһ쵼һģһӶӰп˵
ɽһʳҶǰٴҲûҪ˵ʳһһûһ𣬳ƴҪȻһŶҪģɴˡǼˣһȺӻҸɫǸˣһȺϲġ
˵ɽߣ͵͵ʳ˵Ҫ֧ŵգһˮҶа̣Ͻİʳˣظҡ
ľҼƻŸľ͵ʳͣͶʮ棬ʮ׷ۡľ˵ʳľҲ׷ۺʮ棬ľ忪ĽǵĽš
ľڼʰҪߵĶװڰ˸ߵĴ档õʳ棬Сװÿ׷ۡ
ϴεľ飬ľ׼ʱȥ໻һ㶫
ľϴδؼǶԽھŮŮ۵ϣúܡҲ֧ľȥ໻ŮţԺױ
һľʰöһЩ޻Ͳʣµ޻ˣ˻ǿһ꾰µģŮûء
ľǱҪµģ᲻ƯСŮСӻ·





5.   5 ѵѡ֮


ľ·ĵسǳվһ³ȥ·Ļ棬һɫˡϸ׵ˣĴִڶһ뻻֡
ľʵֱųºӣһӾȺ˵ע⡣
ʱ仹磬˻ڼûţľӵͷվұߵ߽ȥ
ľӰѱ£ǽߵһȻŲԶŲԽԽ
ֵܣҶˣ㿴ܻ٣һİСĺȲĴӶһ塣͸͸̵ģľҲô
һˣΧͷһϴİѺӼһߣżãֵܣ㿴ģ⻹ҵޣ࣬ʵĵġһ͵ľ
ľƾָо֪һܶϴλһԡϴһȦСƾǸСӴġһûȥҲС
ľĶҲ˵黰ܸ㻻׷ۣǳǽյģⶼҼҵģݵҰæģô࣬Ҳø˼ҽ
ֵ㿴ʵʵĽǰҪóȥ˵һٶǮء
ľ̾һ˵Ķԣȷʵ꾰ҲҪһʣ
ĬΣһ㣬û¹ӶҪˡ
˳ĬĽ꣬ľ۾ˣллˡ
ղűһҲ˵ģܻ٣˰ݵľʵʲôϣˣղǸϲĴӲŻ׷ۣ˲ʶ
Ҹ㻻׷㿴ôľ׷۶װģֻĻѰ˼ӦǸûʱһϷսϿɫ࣬˵洫ġ
˾ϲѣæĵͷӦһһ
һֽǮһֽ˰׷۲棬ӵһͷ첽ˡ
ʵس棬ʳЩԲȵĶûʲôгһһ˼ܸ㻻һʳǿ㣬Ȼ໻ʳʵ׷ۻǺԸ⻻ġ
ߺ͵͵˼ˣʣµʳˡ
ľʰöȥüҡ
죬ľţ컪һ̵ţһľӾϲ˹ȥˣˣ£ÿ춼ҺҶĺӽľӿۡ
£˶˸ʳˣ׷ͷľӽš
ľ磬ôʳˣһˣɲ˶ǡľжѡ
һûٽӼСڡ
ӹصѹ֣磬ĻҾͲ˵ˣѼ鰡ǱһǼҳɶһеõģŵζͺ޲ô˰ҹߣȴʱʱ͵ʳ𣬾׶Ӷĺ
ľļ÷ҾƤǳƶúֶǲģʱӼýӼҲûɶ
ʮ׷ۺͶʮ棬ҺҴյģȴպųԣҲ̫ڼСӳ塣
ҲˣСͿžݣһٳأ
ľû컪һ䣬컪ˣ
˸絹˱ˮûأ˯ء
ľһûˮҲеˣ˰뱭
ľֱ̾¶ûʳ˵ȥʳ֧ԮϺˣĶжģЩסسǵӸùˣƱ첻Ʒ
ʱȥҰˣһҰݶûУһҰҲö౻Ұ˵İѸڳˣһ죬ҲԵġ
ɫѿԶˣɽҰȱԵģ׵úܣû˵𣿷֯һСԶȥɽڲݸҧˣڴҶֻسΧһڡ
ľҲģȥǱ߱ɽɽʱҲʼˣʱӡ
ľЦãҾϲӡЩסû
ˣûл̷ɶģҼٳһ³еԲ̷۱ˡľԼҹŮüɫġ
ľ˵̷ۣľѲڴﻻĶó
磬̷ۣһǣӴһ㣬㣬ϼһǲĺܣûȥɩӪҲõúܣϺǡ
ľӿһۺǣϸ壬ɫɫģǺöӲġ
УһǮ
ľʸľϴθǮĽ󣬾ƱҡľôʳƱ׵úܡ
ľû˵ľҲøãЩҲϸлɶġ
˶˼䣬ľ˵´βӷźͻϼңչ¡
ľӵȻûвӦġ
ľض飬صҸպó緹ʱľ̽ûרӤ﷢Ҳȣ˯ɫͮͮġ
ľʵϲû˯ȥڴŤŤʱоһ˿УＤĲУϽ۾װ˯ʵϿʼ塣
֪Ƚϳ㻹ڵȽϺãϱľ壬żСʱˮɵĸоľķܲѣѵѡ֮ӣ
ľӿŮ̲סľһĿϴȥϳԷˣֽš
ľﲻԸ⣬һûء
ʲôúܣ׼ľɽ̫̫ˣرעطϴϴŶĻ治ࡣҪ˵˭췹ǰϴֵġ
ľӴСŹӽ̣
һӵʰԼḷ̌Ѿͷôô˯
û˯ðɡ
Ҳûľһϴһߺľ˵
ľ̺һҹԱҲᳳ֣֪˯ˣ˯˯ȶӶȻˡ
һΧһԷľ̸һרһǼˮӪľľֵܲˮ
һ⵱û˹ĳԡ
ľˣͲһڳˡ
һһۣҾͲ
ľ̿˲ֵǡ
һֵĳ극͸ɸȥˡ
ӣľѹӶĹ죬һһڼҵľѣľ̺ϰḷ́ͿʼëëûӦľɥúܡ
ʣʳʰɾɽСűСͷɽɽȥ
ľżƵĹϱŴ󿳵һŴСɽ
˵ǲߵɽڵͰɽȥҲ±ɽ޴ܹȺϻǿɲǿЦ
ɽ֧ɽڱɽԱߣûбɽߣƽʱҶĺܣɽжҶúܡ
˵ɽǹҵģɽûأҶ˭񵽾˭ġ
ٽŵʱľ̲ˣľһߵԺľ̾Ϳʼޡ
ľһľ̶ˣû۵Ŀޡ
ľӻͷľ죬ͲˣľԺһľ̾Ϳʼޡ
ľӰḻ̌ڻľ̾۵Ц
ľӶסˣҪͰ̴ϰɣɽûжΣա
ô죿ľ̲Ը⣬ľͿʼ졣ľĸζĺ
ľ̿СѾͷҲ
ľСѾͷʤñ˩ǰḻ̴̌ĺģСָͷ¶º磬һɾСӰϣľȫܶһգգ͵Ĵ۾ˡ
̲⣬ܳŲҪģҪȥɽԼ
ǰľ̸оԼҪһˣȥɽŨ˵ͻơ




6.   6 ײ


ľһһװ˼Ĵ߸һµޣһ·˴Ｏϵص㣬˴Ȥ
ԭͶԼͬСϱӵһľӻСŮԹһ䣬զ̴ˣɽĺܡ
û¶̴Ķ࣬ŵġСѾͷһžͿޣһСЦеģѽҹŮϲˡһ˵ŮľֿʼԿ䡣
ӻͷ˹ӴǼСѾͷ澫񡣡
ľӵ͵Ӧһ䣬ϱչ˵ĺá͵ڵ⣬˶꣬˰һ󱦱
ľӼֱûۿͺֻйŮƵģûһۣľӸպתָҵѹûľӵİۡ
ŵˣ˳ʱ䣬ľֽһϽҪɽעⰲȫɶģҶӦӦľҲ£һ䡰
ɽӵŮٱűͶľɶģĽɽ
ḻ̌ľǰıСûټӹֱӾԶǰųһľŬ֧ӿΧֻʱ򿴵һط
ɽĴûʲôҰȻɽҰ٣ΪͱɽĽżҲбɽҰܹżһֻݵë⻹ҰһȺСȥ׷Ҳܡ
ڱɽզզɶģɽϰȫĺܣֻҪ֡
һ˺ϱ£һȺŮ˷±һļ¾˵ϳͣһȺ˺ܿʣµĹʵʰɾһطתơ
һ߹Ůľ̾úܣգ͵Ĵ۾Ĵ
ľḷ̌ȤСˣƽ̹صġ
ľЦеģɲôڼݶƬ˯ľһߴһҲûת
ʮ緹ʱ䣬һȺóĺ桢ӲױӣŻͲﻹȵˮ緹
һ˱˵ĵطһıľι̣ιã˳ָľ̰ľסҲû˿˾Ͷ˰ɡ
һľ̵С飬ЦЦǾֵĺܣôССѵ᲻˼
ɽһľľ˹˯ľ۾
ƽʱڼʱСҪ˯һСʱˡ
һҲǿ˯׼ӱóװϵĴӣܸһϵʪٷһСɡ
ɽŮ˳˱׼ЩӣҪɽŪö࣬װˣɽ
һľ̰ľӵĴ¾ùӴϡľԭǸŮϣԷһģڸˡľﻳòϡ
ľҪ˯˯ӣоһ˿˯һʱľͻһ㡣ľķܵСŽŶˡ
ҵθ񰡣㲻һСзˡһΪټһǿ׳ʶֻҪɽҰͿõүү̻СǳˡϴСľԲľһֱء
ľСȭͷɢʶëëСѡ
ëëңٲҾͶ
ĳɽëëľ̵ĺѣëëҲ˷ܵĻӦḷ̌ˣ
ëëĻӦľ̸ӦëëеޣΪˣû뵽Ļˣ¿ʼá
ľװͰ͵ĺëëϻѡ֮ôܻûڻһŶ
ųɣһˣͶ˸̥
ľ̺ߺΪʲô˵Ͷ˸̥һ뵽ǰԼǸӣҲ˼˵
ڻָ֮һˣ㲻Զ
һ£סңһ·ľëë
ëëûһʮģס괩ḷ̌һܱ
ѽ¿ˣ˺ɶҲԲˣǰҾֻζһ뵽۵ĴŸʳľ̾Ϳʼİɰɰɡ
ëëĿľ̵Ӥ״̬ϴοľ̵Ӥ״̬ǶʮǰʱľۿžҪȥˣУһӻĿžʢĺܡ
Ҹ˵֪ĸ𣿡ľëëӵĵһۡ
ԼһǧǰγëëСĵ˾䣬֮ǰḻ֤̌û⣬Ϊʱҷ𡣵ʱͽ˸ʱշ϶ܳѹͲ֪ʲôطˡ
γͷ1960꣬1960ֺ֪ʱڣɽ²֪˶ˣҪãҿܻû͸ˣḻ̌ĺ޲ñëëһ٣ˮܲ˳˿
ëëһ£Цǲ֮ǰûдûǣ֮ǰǺһ𴩵ģ˭ôܴҷɣ
ľС˶ĲǻҵĴˡ
ҵĴҵĴëëϽϴΪ˼ҵԼ鱦զΡ
ľ̺һҪèһȥ
˶ԲˣʳèҳԲҿɲɡ
ľҲǣҼҲûôҹ۲ˣɽӵ˼Ӧöд˶߲·ˣǼҸ㻹ÿ쾫ɽܡͽĹ۲죬ľ̾ôҹĲǼҲɽĸŮ񶼲ʳȷʵûжൽСèС
аɣɽϴţתٴؼҡ
ëëͷ߰ɣڻ̫뿪̫òá
аɡľתˣҲʣµǵˡҲԼ鱦ôɣҪȻôķɲᡣ
ľ̻ص˯һһ֮䣬ԶһɽȥˣľֻصĻľֵܼ˯ֿʼϷ֣һëһѷܹȥҡ
һľѾӡ֮ĸɻ
ȶװˣһϢѹŮ˯İҡѣСһѣǻؼˡ
ľ۾ûԶԷĿʼ̣˰뱥˹
ľӡľֵɽϵĽģⵣȥλãߵԣɽö඼ˣҲһٶء
ľұľͷã˵̱úÿͷ
һľˤˣͬ⡣ľŲ֣ҲұߣҾ϶ˤš
ľڶһһû취ӦľһľʵʵǶһľ̷ŵúñš
ľĵĴӦһȥľ
ľɤӺͷͷ
ͷһȺСܹ
ľЦľøǿ㿴ǲÿģ
ͷḷ̌ףͷҧһڡ
ľޣÿұһ𣿡ͷѱˣľ޵ȷʵúÿ
׸Ӵ
ľ޿֣ĺܣɣ̿ͷˡ
ͷˣǺ̿ͷˣŲҴ㡣
Ϊ㰡
Ǵһܡ
㲻׼ֵϡ

ΧСҪܣˢˢվԶˡ˶ڣҪǱܿ϶ᱻƨɵġ
ľĿС˵ЩûӪķϻղʶһֻұһѸɲ湰
ľʶӹ
ľԭΧŸ翴ḷ̌һõС֣ע⵽ڿұߵĲݶѣͷһӡ
ľָӴ󺰣ץסֻӡ
ץӣ
Сһѷĸľ˹ȥû뵽ӻĺܣһСΧ׷½ػӸˡ
벻Ӽα任һͷľ̵ľŬ쳤ץסӣͳ¼ëۿҪˣľһץס
ľķܵĳŶ
ľ̾˿޲ɶʱܳԵ⡣




7.   7 ¸ӡ


ľ˵ϱһȺ޿ľĲ¶ĽС񡣵һСĽˮҲû˵Ҫ˼ϾҶˣľģľץˣԼġ
ľҲΪѣƽʱСһɽץסģǿ϶ǴһɽϿ˳ˣôˣҲֲˡ
ľûľľᣬһСճһˣﻹûСֱ뱧
һ˹ŮС߹ѹŮڻľĵ̾˿ȻȵҸµĸ籧ˡ
Ӵӣѽһӡ
ľԴܿģץסġ
һľС񣬻ΧΧŵһ۰ͰͶӵСޣʲô׵ġ
ȻץӴҶæǼСһﶼǼҺһһء
´ҶˣŸſĵ֣µĺӻ֪һ˵һ䣺лл
ɽں칫۵ĴӣɽԼ֪ӱȣǵӹζһҲĵˣô˿ؼңԼİˡ
һȺʰװıһ·ؼҡ
һźñ˻ɽּӣɹɻȥǡľľȥʰ
ľʱôģľҲ໰С̫̫СʱʰӣóһɽǶµĴԼӣȥľŶװ⡣
ʮСһܷһС룬ⶼľһˮһɵҵС޶⣬е̲סͳһЩСӶһЩؼңͼһԡ
ľľͶҵľľ衢ľӢӶ̵ĳ⣬ȰˣľִһС϶˹һɷָӣݷһٳԵ̫ˡ
ľųԵСӹĹĵĵܵûǵСϢߴߴ˵컹ҪɽȥץӡľӢӺľΪ̫СûȥղųͶץӸˡ
һڼߵľ룬ûһСŮǳԵ
ľ˵ĶӤһͰѽѽѽĽУëëû˶˵ɶľ˱ĽΧһȦʼãһС֣һСľӢӻյ״ÿѽ
ľ̿Աˣ۾װ˯ľϽסҵС֣ñͷ˯ϸĵӸϡľװװŻ˯ˡ

ҡ
컨һؼң̺ݻʰĸɻ
Ӵôһֻ㲻˻ؼһ˻̿ӱżסˤϽӹ롣
ݿһۣľӻǽˣΪôһֻݵӻһѺһһ롣
컨Цľ̼˺öˮÿһء
ǵллľ̡ʳ󰡡
š컨˵Ӧ
̵СҲȥȥˣ컨ȥүүͰְֻؼҳԷ
ҲľҲ࣬Ϊ˴չһӵһٻԱĶӶ綼˳ȥһ˿ڶࡣ
ңҲǴ󷿼ҪҪһסӺʹӣټڣ߿ɽӶ˶ġֵܲŽĻû޵ģֻСˡũҼһʮڡʮ˵Ĵ󻷾رټ
ǼҼһССĹӣϱһ޽͵ټϼɽӱɽдӶòˣûסһĦĺӶԳТ˺ﶼʹ졣
ҹľ˯㣬ëëľſವһ½ۡ
զΣϲ˯Ӱҳ塣
ëëûľ̵²ۣľ̿·֣㿴ҷɶëëٿ鱦Ϸһѹ鱦˵Сʯͷ¶
ľûףɶ䣿񣿡
ëëɸ֣ɶѽҲ֪ںϸ֮ϸ
ëëôһ˵ľӴһͨ
ľ֮Ȼǿʯͷߣʯͷоһ΢֮
ľɻˣǸɶ
첻ϸΧ˭֪ͷƨɵʯͷˣҲӦǰػɽСӡǲ֪Ϊɶط֮ɲ˭ռġ
Ҿ񸣵ġľֱ
ҪҪëëľ̡
⻰˵ı£ô֪˼˲ҹ
Ҫ˽ӡ滹֮ɵҲŪŪҲһѽ㿴Сӡ˵˼ʮˡëë
ҲŶҪԵѪһ£
ŶëëСӡɽۣľ￴СӡӤȭͷСײӡǡ֮ӡ
֣ôŪԼ˽ӡء
ֻڱɳоӡ˴Զ²ӡľ˰˾һԡѪס
Ҳ벻취ˣöɵֻһУǾǴԼСָͷѪףǾԼˣǸ鱦ǾײˣãһѪҲʲôʧû涼Ҫһӡ
ľصԼ壬ֻëëССӡ׼ʱңٽׯصĵѪ׻ڡ
ڶ磬˶ȥæֻľڼտ˯ľ̡ľΧӤ˯㣬µҲ˯˹´ľ̰ĵȥѳӡ
ľ̺ëëëëŸӡɽϴľҡ
ëëѿСӡľСֱߣëëָľָͷȡһѪָײ⣬ָͷ֡ëëתϲè¶ָס
ľԲ۾ϴûУСĲңôСûеֿġ
֣СүǿԪ½ĸ߼鱦вء
ëëһһ߹ľ̵ָͷһѪεӡϣһ΢̹ӡӰ𽥱黯
ľϣһŮӵӰڱɽϿƮڿԼҵ̵ĸо
ΣŮתͷľ¶΢Цһľǰľ̵Ķͷľ̸оһ鼮뵽ûϸղŵŮѾʧǰľٿɽһֱɽϵﶼƿصĸо
ľ̵վڱɽУѹֲס˷ܵĸоȥһǰɷˡŴˡ
ľס飬ص棬۽У֫˦ĸëë˵ŴˣԺⱱɽ۵⣬ǧ
ëëҲû뵽ܼôˣľ̵ǰθǲԺҲľ̵ģ
ľ޴ŵСŽţԺֹɣ˵޳ء
ľڳСӷɿĴӳܹһݾͿһӤŮۣһֻĵĺèֻܽӡ
ʲôʱèˣ
ľ̿ſɫӵḷ̌Ҫḻ̌ëëľ̵ȾҪ´ܣľëëβͲá
ëë˼ľ̶û֡ľļٿ޵ḷ̌СѾͷȻϲֻèۼҡľһĸζ޾ûеߡ
ľ̿ĵЦˡëëҲľ̴һ𣬼ȻǾɡ
ôõè꾰ɽû˭𣬹Ǵģ˵ɽĸɻèɽġľ̿͹ˮĴè롣
ľĶˣԽԼˡ˵è𣿼ȻŮĺǾͶԵ˼Լݣǿɲ˼ԼǼҡ
˭Ҳû뵽ɽӹмʶ̫̫Ҳŵʱ
ľľȥɽûҵӣһľĹӻؼջһݾͿ˯ãֻè
ëƤ͹ˮƯһë׵βͻõ
զ£




8.   8 ץҰС


ľ̺ëëûбˣľȥˣɤӺ̡үүĶľѼܡ֮ļͥԱһ顣
ľľǰŽţ磬㺰ɶأ
ľ˷ܵľܣ㿴ɶ
èè𣿺գľڿ֮Ļֻһ뷨ܲܲԣ
ľһ£èܳԡ
èզܳԣǶԹƾɶܳèľдʡ
ľ̺ëëֵܵĴɤųѣëëû۾Ҫ̲סĥצӡ
ľٺٺٰЦװûëë顣
ľ̺һСɤӣ֪ľСˡ֪ǲǱӤӰ죬ľھԼԽԽɡ
ľӺӳܹɶأ㿴óˡḻ̌۷۵СԹԣǰӴ
ḷ̌ۼɶʱһֻè
ľ̿һ۹ԹӤͷĺèģ۸ԺǼˡ
ģãҪȡ֡ľˣСвϲѽ˵ǰץЩСӣҪǶ̫ȱˮȲӿɿɰĳ͵ͽˡ
ҲҪȡ֡ľҲӻԾĺܡ
ľ̼ˣҵèƾɶȡ֣ľһżmao,mao,maoġ
ľ̵ȻŮģϾԵèˣõģͽëë
ҲУľľе뷴̵Ȩ
֮ľҶһֻ׳׳ĴèһʱСϡ档ľҼֵܻҪëë˭ĸ˳ˡرɽ¸Σգ˵Щ˵ĻС˶׼ȥȻСǿ϶è
ľһӻԣľ̹
ľӢӲľץסëëβͲ֣ľӢӾ͵СŽſӤߣ쳤ëëıԹŶǳԡ
ëëһӣľӢӵСצӻȥ
ëëҲľҼСС硣
꣬ܳȥˣڴΧɽµܡľϣëëȥ˱ɽ
ľ̷ſʶ˶ӷһֻɽһˮһֻ¹ľҪֻ÷¹ƤӻܸĴϾʹϴֻ¹Ƥӣů͵úܡ
ëëۣ˶ʮһ͵㣬Ҫҵһû˼÷¹ȸأҪһֻ÷¹ȥ̿϶ɽ֡
ŶľΪѵĽֻɽ
ֻëë͵˹ȥָף˲ֻɽָצĽŽš
ëëץֻɽȥľһ˸˵ĺܣëëһ飬ëëְֵ⡣ɽͰҰɽҩˣ̲ζ
ΪľصسһȸëëëëԵͣľΧëëˮżĵȥͲ˵ĸ
ľүүѵ˵һ䣬ֻèԡ
ɲ𣿻ԼҵǼҵġľʱŮëëһһģп˵ĶŮи
ľ̻ͷڴˮḷ̌ڻ̹ԣڵȼ̾͸ԣϸϸģ棬ĳģ˳ԡ
ľľô˵ˮˡ
ʱ19611£һ1961и꾰үܻûͿڵѾ붬ôˣСˣûһѩʱѩ·϶ʪģͷıɽϵɽ϶ǰѩɽĶɽµĴ񶼿ɽɽȪˮӡ
ѩһȥ˺ܿˣںûȣȥҲûȣȥǸɺĵһ꣬Ҽ࣬꿴Ӻùˣ˵üǵʳҪֵ꣬Ҿ͸Ҫսˡ
ɶ㣬ӻҪһȥһ߿ʼɨӡʰҲɽӻҲһ˵ɽµ˹ҲǳԵɣõܺȿ׺
ɽӵ컻Ŵڣ˵̽Ҳ׼Ǽ޽ϱӰɽдϢȥ
ЩԷһܼ޽ɽӵĹŮϱǲҿеģӹòŮģҪȻĸ˼һѺúõĹŮ޸ӻĵģ֪׵˼ҡ
ӻˣѵָܰң޳ȥŮӲ
˿ӵĴŮСϱɽϵû˴û˿˿۳Ժȵӣɲ̶ܾϣﻹ˵ϱˡ
һɽһǾµģҲܵϣƣҲӲ͸¶Լҵ¡ЩɽһȭͷҲиصġ
ľԴӳӣżܸż˳Źһ䣬Խ࣬ҲɽĵϸȻǲСκһˣСҲԼ߼
ľҽսһһëëʱʱɽץץӻѾֻɵҰͰֻɵӡ
ҰӣһľƿȥƤë죬͹ɡľֻ̻ҰֻרŹڳ̨ϣƽʱջ̻һ磬һζ
˵·ɵ⣬ó̫ʱ򣬸ܽ֬һһεģҪβΣˡ
ÿʱľľľľ衢ľӢСͰСԺͷ⣬ȸ⡣
ľӢӶľ˵磬ܲܰëëҼҼ죬Ҽûء
ľţӦֲ˵ԼСëë̵ģ̴𲻴Ӧ
ľӢӲˣ̻˵ء
ľ˵͵˵¡
ľӢʧӦŶ
ڴϵľŬͷۼ䣬Ůôƭ
ɹݶƬůģëëݶϣƲһ۰ͰһСޣǵ⣬޴µĽɽ
¶ʮľһĿڵɽӡľӻڴڣ컪ֵܶѾľԺˣţˣҺѽûž¿ˡ
ѾµľѾСԴˣӴǹùüҵı澫
˵ľҵĺӶĲټϴ˽ĺã߳ũҳĺӻе㲻һľ˵ľְִģ̳ĺӴˡ
Ӵ͵ˣΪҪ¶ʮŻءľȳһѱá÷Ƕʮ
ľţˣ곧ѣǰ˼١
ź磬ֶԴݳľүүľ̽Ѵϡ
ľ̹ĵʣӲ˵컪˺پ͹ôûľʹڳûʳԡ
εͷľһ컪Ʋ죬˵ôҪɽ壬ǸҺ͵ܵɽ壬ûôҪġ6ˣôĺѾܶˡ
ʲôԵɣľҲˣ˵Ů棬ҵ̸ԡ
ľЦ˼ٲ⣬һŵ⣬ʱؼҸֻ
սŵʱ򿴵һҲȣûӼŪô⡣
ɱƽʱǳԵġľ˲µĶһۣװû
ľүүˣؼҴֻëëСһڼﲻȱ⡣
ľҲӦǣģȥŰֻ
ľҲƴǣллɩҿɲġ
һղڳʰӣղ¶̲֣ʱӳ䣬ɶÿġ
ûһľ塢ľżҲߣľѴĶ˷֡
һǣһ㡣ľ̼ͬһǺһ㣬⻹иľүүľ̵һ鲼ߣ¡ҪС߲һһҲߣľȥĲƱˡ





9.   9 ɽͷҳа


ˣǰһС֮ǰ˶ɩһǸ̵ġľһ۷۵Сóһˡ
Ʒˡ
ľɩӴһˮƽĸһӲźɩӸҿɶ
ľŲҲˣǲգŮҲùѼĲƱ컪զ죿СӳĿɿˡ
νţһڳԵľСɲ⴩ʲôǸԻӴûбʱ
ɱҿŮҲǰТǸõġмĸҪȻȱȱȵ꾰ܹôã׵ɲһֻʹСӣӾġ
ľҲȰƱȱúܣⲻǸʱ硢˼ҿ׼ʱ˲ٲƱ
ľ̲ˣ˭㻻ʳģǸҹԵġ
Ƿһ䣬ǿɲǡ
ְһۡ»ؼұʰʵˡ
һ棬ľԼǮľľ̻һЩ̷ɶģľڻڳĸ飬ڼڵ̷۶Ѿˡ
ľڱС䣬߸˵˺ӵТһӺͺ׼緹ľ̴ĴȡһֻҰĺӶ˵ĺܡ
صɽӣ컪ֵܿɸˣһɽ浽ܣӡ׷ҰľżٽģҲżСƨɽҰĹ䡣
ľһ¶ʮģڴ죬¶ʮžŻسˣҪȥԼǱһȦ
ľߵʱһľ̸ľװ˰ɽӡɶģҰҰӸһֻãɵҰҰӿƤɫ΢΢͸ʺ죬ڳǮ򲻵ĺö
ټľһЩɽľسǵʱһľǰ᲻һ·ϳŻ
ľصѾǴˣ¥ɹ̫ӶĺľкľҲİݸ꣬һؼҾવĺӽˡ
һ¥¥µ˾˵ˣľ廹ǺøҸľʳһҾ͸һСϱ˵ð
ľʰüҰó˰ߣְѸɻÿװһӡĬĬû
ľЦһһˣЩпӵɩֶɶģٸҵҼֽŲɾľ᲻ֽ͹ȥҿ˭û
οװͰ͵һ㲻£ر˷ܣ裬ģҰߦȷű˭Ҵ˭
Ǹʳģ˵ˣ˺ˣ˭˭ѽ
ľҴһʳ͸Լȥˡ
յԼݣ¶Լӻ̣ϱ̱ϲﰵТ˳
ľ˺ЩĻˣҲɶ겻ģӾ͸ϱﳳһܲ㣬ϱڳ¥ºݺݴһܣϱ汻
ľһưϱڵϣĵһϱһ¾ûס豻۸Լҷڳߦȳ¥ͳϴ컪İ磬˿שͷ˵ڵϣѪͷɶҲܣᡣ
ԼӿصģַھӶſЦԼҴ󷿵ϱƽʱҲûٱңںſ֣͵͵ЦأǳһԹˣá
һ̴ˣľǻˬҲʲôˣ֮һٽָʹ̫̫͵ɶװס
ȻƽʱַھԼҲûɶûҲǳûˡԼҵҵү绹ںأˣؼҿһϹҲסڵϵߦȰѲĵšһҶһ١
ľǲˣԺǮ˭ռһıˡ
ߵʱ飬ǴİֻҰɽߣĶԸղ컪ֵܲһ٣һ߿ޣһТӣһߺĸⰡ
ľӲɲ㣬ٸҼ¶ǼҾͻҽȥ浱ľ۸Ǿԡ
ԼӺԼľ׺ݵıסˣϱһסȱһһ˵ˡ
ǰľľ˵ԼһӣһԶ֧иɴ˺ֿýַھӶԺҲТѹԺźö
ľ屾ԼסټԼЩ¶ԼҲûʲôģľɲһ
ľ̵ʱŮһһģǶû뵽Ƥǳ˺ˡ
ľ˵Χ£һ˸߸˵Ļؼ컪Ѵ̼ûļŽš
ֵܽ춼ߦãԼǱ֣һ¶Ҫ׼ˡֵһҲģԼó˾ǸѹǮһ˸ֵߦȣص軹û÷
õߦȣװû
͵˴ʱϻû꣬ѣˮʵû취¶һ˽ɽҶĸ겻̫еʪǺȥϡǸӣѸڸ棬ҽһɽȪˮҪúҪȻûɾȫɹˡ
õ˴ҵͬʱҰõĺټһһصģ̫ɽʱ棬һϣһ㡣
Ǳߵȼɽӵ˶þȫ˸ţ˲翿Ҫָˣǵ汲ڼˣڵǡ
ľ̰ﲻʲôæԼȪˮӦãֲ
ˣľӳȥֵĺʱľֿʼıݣľΣֻбֹŮһȥֵء
ֵǿأľȵıڻûнӴٵĻᣬֶĽʮСʱ˿ţºٱɽϵȸɶĸˡ
ľƵģûᡣ
ľӱľڵһȦٳĻԣֵͲ˵ˡֺٵʱҪȥٲ׻˵꣬뽽ˮûжģϣܿס̫ɡľ̾˿
ľӺͻͷҲ٣Ժ٣Ͷɽڸȥϸպá
˵֣ľſϣƨɺˮͰиˮӡ
ûᡣľС֣һɾ޴Ȫľ̵ָҽľͰ˱һľӲˮͰ
磬ɶˣľͰ߷һ
ǣûС
ˣ̻ȥˮҪµˡ
˰ľӼߣľûˣҲûϣСߵˮͰˡ
ľЦСָع
ɽϡ
ҹʮ㣬㾲ľֿʼжԴ֪Ӹõ֮󣬾һֱ̽ǷСӡõĽܲٿɽĻ
ľʱʵһܰëë׷ӣżܿɶģȻ͵Ϳղˡ
ľڿҿҵһϣЪ˼Σɽʪĸ˵ɽ·Աߡ
ڶ緹ɽӵŮ٣ųͷӡͰɽҪȥɽΪɽɽܣɽǸСɽ£ƽʱ˲ƽˡ
ľ̻ڼﲹëëĸľҽɽľ̷ŸλãצĵأһëëСǣҲľҵĺʮָèϴӣóСͷͿʼ١
ʪľٿҶ֡
ľץһ˿ɽĸ࣬ʪء
һȺ˾һڹԭԤҪһڹĸ




10.   10 Ⱥϻɽ


ľ̶Ӷ˯ѳ緹һ˵¶ľ̵̽Žţ̴ɰæҹУ˺²ܺͱ˷ϧ
ţëëСѲˡ
ӣľľ̡һϱһ˴һѼȥ˺ֵءľӰľ̵Ӥᵽһտ
ʱ֣ٶŮһһص硣̫ɽľߺһ׳׼õĸᵽڸӣѸŽȥϺ磬һˮٰѸϣˮ
ڿӵڿӣĵŮ˸ٸϸһĺǾͰæѺֿԱߡСһĺӶϵϣҡ
ľĿһ˺õö࣬ӤϣһƬȻľ
ľӢӡľͼҵСƨľһ𱻴ǷһɫСˣҧˡ
һͼŮҴҵĻؼѬóĸɲݣΧһȺһѬḻ̌ǺĿһ
ľӢӺдæһľ̵Сؿڣ̲°أءľӢӺܵĸо
ϡӣľ̸ĵϱϯѬһó棬˯һСޡľӢϲľ̵Сҿ˿û˹ľСƨɷľ̵Ӥϣ˯
ľ룬ȥ˭˯Ҵġľ˯ˣ˯˹ȥ۾Ѿǵڶ糿ˡ
һ죬Ĵ˾ƨжһһҪȥ￴磬±̫ɹˡһԷԲġ
ϰ˵ӣһѰİȥˣҺͦ˵һ죬û硣˶˵ڱӣСϱ˽ۣһɽӣô̫ȻûаɹϽһڿˮɲôá
ô˵˶Ǻ¡ҼһżϴˮɶĶȥ˵ϧİˮں£ϣ˳˳
˵УѵĲȥˣһͷ
죬ľĳоŮ˶صģûһһɫͷһ㣬ľҲһڴ֪װʲô̫̫һȥ˺ɽ
ľ̺棬·ϸŹȥüһɽŮǶڸ⽨š
ɽ£һȺŮ˾ͷ첽ɽǰʱڸĵطóֽǮеͳƷһһױӣˮɻɶġһȺŮ˰ںùƷׯصİߵףдʡ
ľ̾ǣȻ˵Ը֮ԶĶҵţĳˣľĵԱ
֮ǰӵĴΪֻܼ򵥵ĿƱɽϾôҲܰ쵽ľ˵治಻ˡ
ǣû뵽ôţƣȻ֮֮ľ̾ŷʸ壬Ҫˡ
ľĿһȺɽɢؼңľ˷ܵİëëŪѣ˯ɶѽѽ
ֻصۣëëľ״εķԷ
ͣ˵˰գ㿴ûࡣ
ľ룬Ŷû˵ëߣû㹻棬ɶģҪɴƬصҪ֮¡ֻҪܴ㹻ܾԼһСľ˵۾籦ľ̶Դ浽档
ľϸĸܣڳһ˿˿Ľɫ֮յ֮ľգ֮Ӵ⣬һ֮ͬ屶Ҫˡ
ëëҲˣǵðɳⰡУýһܷ˼Ϲ
ľһ͸ΪҸղûϾҪˣ˵ǼɶĵʱģǷ⽨ģ
ľ̼ǵãʱסǸطɽԭҲһɽʯϵķ񣬾㲻ڳٵҲðѷ۵
ֻûȻֻȿ
ļ죬̫һֱϣû꣬ɽµĵﶼֲʳ˵еĵطֵģûȵֶ֣ˡ
칫ҶǰţֻúõĴڹ籣ܿǲ֪ʲôʱֵ
ɽ½½д˵ϢʱҲʲôΣգ⼸½½ųͷɽһߵС·ɽ
ɽȥ٣ɽ򲻵ҰӣڵһЩԵġż죬ɽԽԽࡣ
û죬ľˡ
ڴڿصС洫һХŵòûˤִǽʱɫһףҴһһߴ󺰲ˡ
һȺ˸ϵɽӵģܿǰİϣʲô¡
ʱ⼸Хǽеģһ˵ͷһżϽŵҼӣҴ¾ɽϵ
ľһȺ˹ƿǶ⼸ɽֵ˶˴һֻϣҪ꼰ǴӡȻɽԵżɽϻĽϻЩٽӽ˻ɽŸĵط
һصңľľҲŵ˼ҡһԺӸ߸ߵĴ˨Ľģľ̸ڳˮ桢ͷ
Ҫڼãľ׼ϳԵĶѲˮгƽʱ¯Ӷᵽ棬ԤŲܳȥʱáȻʰóԺȴ£һ˽ݣݴҲصġ
ľӡͷشϼ׳ſһ·ղŻХĵطȥ
ǵطҵĵطֻƴסңŵһŨҵѪζ
һŵǰȥֳֻңü˱ҧϲӣеֻʣ°ӻڳ鶯ɽ洫ĺ˵ĲҽСȺϻһ·ɽȥˡ
ƴͷһȺɽ£ӵĴһȺˣҾŴ󵶴Ӻ泯Ⱥɱľӡľֵһϻͷһϻ䲻ĸɵΨһһֻϻ
ȺûôöԸһȺ˺ȺмһռϷ磬ɱ˴󲿷ǣֻܽɽ֣һȺҲ׷
ľȥæʶܹ롣ľڰУżĿһȺ˴սȺɽӵû̫
Ⱥˣӵ˳һȺŮӿأɽӵҲ̾ӳľǰæܲܰɽǼʬҪΪ
ľ˻ƴ壬ƴ˹ƶɽȥˣ˶࣬ץʱϽ°ҲɡʱҲò֡
ľֻ֪ȴǶɽˡɽӵ˰ӵռʬ壬ɽ滹аӺӵˡӶڱɽɽ£ڱɽɽཻɽɽӣ뱱ɽȥ࣬αҧҲࡣ
صɽ壬һȺŮ˳ţԼҵֽȫҲƲסᡣ
ľȺҵǴӣϾǼǳĺܣΪǿӶͻƾȥϱðɽȺ





11.   11 С͵

ʱ꣬Ҷǰһοɽӵˣһ࣬칫ӶȾȼʱֵܶ㡣ߣΪɽжӲأⲻҶǰˡ
ľӳǺþòѽ˵ԼʱڲڴúôˡҶǰվڹ¥ԶͿľӴһȺ˹
ľӼװûҶǰļңװĿһۣҶǲ֪ϻɽˣӡӡӶҧ˺öˣȥ֡
ҶǰɫһľӳɲҪЦֲɶ¶֡
˵ˡľָָߵˣĻӵˡ
ҶǰŴɥɫǳ׻ˣһҲӮϻ쵼˵ˣҪԼǹ˲˰ô˻һͷϻ
ľӶϻ߯Ҫˡ
ӵĴӳ۾죬ҵǰڲ˵ʱϻľӳ˴ˣѽͷһЩİĻл·뱱ɽֲԶ˭֪᲻̧žˣڻҪϽѽ
Ҷǰﰵ˸ѡôҪĵط٣ʱû̵һھͱǳˡ
ҶǰҲɽ˵Լ겻أ˵ĶԣǰӴϣֿʮǹҲܶ£ɱˣԱƲȫ
Ҷǰɫ̫ãֲ˵ԼϣһתΪ˱Ʋȫ˳ǹɲҲɶǣͷ˰ɣҿ㣬ǧҪǹ
縱ɽоmmp֪ԴҶǰɵƣɽһֱŪ
ҶǰôˣԭҲûָɽĺ칫ˣôҲľ
ɽû˵Ļӵˣϼһ͸ӵԱȥ˱ɽɽ¡֮ǰƴɱĵطϻиɺԵѪʺʺģĿģǹҲëëġ
˵ҪɽɱǣﻹǹӴˣн˵Ķȥ𣬼ӵ˼һٶˡ˶൨׳Ҳ˲ģһȺ˾ʹܽɽ
ԭΪ˵Ҫɽҹû߽ɽСʱͷĻƴͷȺĺۼҶ²ɽҲʲôԵģȺǲŴܳˡ
۾⣬ϴʱԶԶͿȵֻǣǽߵֻһȺááÿġľģϣûһֻȫˡ
Ҳͣԭ·صɽ¡
˳ԱҲ˵ˣ㱨˳Ҳˡ
ɽľ˼䣬Ƕעⰲȫɽɽ뱱ɽӵλûΣգ˵ģɽӵ˶ҧˣɽԶĴӿܶû졣
ˣɽӵ˻˹磬ľҲڲȫһ˿첽ɽӡ
ɽӵ˵ʱѡŽӾ֪طΣգɽӵķǮľǽʵשûǮľʯͷӣԼʯͷϣ˾͸ġ
Ҫ˵ӽʵ̶ȣ¸ʮ˴ĶɽӵķӡϾﻹǸ߷һľéݷǮĲŻש
ǰʱкö˼ҵשˣָ֧¯ӣ˲ְשǻٸϡɽӴʱ˺Щ취Ұ޸ǷӵˣŮвҪ湫쵼ˣȥιǣ˷ӡɽֿ˺öľ˹ȥ¶ˡ
ľӻصȥ󷿽ϱŮľӴȥɱǣ¼£ľʹߺӵߵţľûȥڼһС
ľӰȫľķݰݣһֹлл棬ллĸллɽء
ôһǰʱ½½ɽһˣҳ˳ڲݸû˳ţƽʱŻգĴй޶ڼ׼š
ɽҲǲľֽ̼㣬Ժ棬߸ߵԺŻҪصĽģ˾Ͳòˡ
ƴżóԵÿ춼ɽӵĺɽѲߣִһܵһ׳ŮΪľҪȥȸ
֪ô£Խ֮ȸ˲٣Ϊ˱磬˲嵾֮⣬þȥһȸץסõġ
쵽ˣľſſרϣƨǰſֻСֽץסӤΧ
һˣȸֻɽȸ
ľӴǡһϽܹȥӹһֹԺţҷϡ
ľɽȸõľ̼ʰɾëӽֻɽȸ¯ϵɰϡ
緹ʱֵһһɽȸľ̾ͺľһҲĽ磬Ϊ̻Сԡ
ʮţڵǰһ죬ľӡһȥϸϼһµľľҪȥľһĵ˾ͱˡ
ľбۿһۣһںȵר龫׼ãɺһʮТæ߹զˣ龫ó𣿡
һҲ˵ҵڹŮǰɵ龫úȣ⻰ô˵ĳڡ
ľ˳͹ϲүүô壬ľ̾ǲľ̼װûëëݹӵı顣
ľ̸磬˳ŵȥϸϼЦЦǺǵģϲĺܡ
ḻ̌Ӥ¨͸ں棬СſڱϹɽʱëë֪Ŀľ̵ı˸ϼһèϼ
һ·żܿϼˣľ̻иŮ˵ıװɹɵ㹽ľȥġ
һ·ϴҽŲܿ죬رǾ·ʱر죬ľ̿һٶȼֱǷɱi ܳһҲ첻
ϣһһ·ĳڱ棬ľҪĶиľΡ
طôãľ̻ǵһθϼأϾ·Ҳ࣬ľĴȥʾּһţľ̿װľӺò״ǮƱţľӻһһı档
ʾֵһŮԱװ۵ḷֱ̌ӰĺãҲûôޣûҪǮ˵⣬ϻҪǫ鼸䡣
ʾ֣˸ŵ˹磬ó׼õƱκǣһԥ죬ëǮ˰ǡеɫǣճĺܣľϱӳԹһţҲˡ
öҪȥˣľ̳öһע⣬͵ɳһƴ⡣ţСˡ
ȥ·ϴŶ˵ĽŲȻķɿ죬ûʮҵʱ͵˴ڡľӺͽشڵкһͻ˼ҡ
һóǣľľֵһһţʣŸǱߵֶֶŮľȥΣԸ˾ϻ
ֵһܳȥûһܻˣԺֱɵ
Ҫʱľ϶ҪץסȥһȦҫԼǣҪŴ޿Ź⡣ôҪϤĴ϶ǵսĶˣ֪ʲôóԵġ




12.   12 Сúѽ


ľӰѹŮŷľ̽µǿ⣬ḻ̌ľôڰУŲմء
޴ŵСŽѽ
ľ̲ˣСִľһƣľŰӤ
ϱɶ
⣬ɶʱ⣿
û⣬ûƱˡ
ģһ¡
ëëһ
Ҷëëǲ͵ģ
ôܲϵİɣǾëëֻè֪Ūġ
ëë֮ܲԩû˵ľЦ
ľ̹ҿ
ôʵ⣬ҪȥҲҲˡ
ľ⣬˲ôˣ̣ۼ⣿
У͸ˡͱˣҰóԣҲá
顰ôľҵĳ
һóסߣװɹɵ㣬ɺСϺסóһɺζ
ľдϷսѸĵģȻǸǮģֵۣܣռ˼ұˣڴҶס
ľӼ㡢ƥֳݣһݸľңһݸľҡľҲ֪Ҫ˵ģɵһ͹ȥ
ľŽᣬҲճӪģľҵϱǿѵˣҪһ굽ͷ͸õĶ͹ܵġ
ľүүľҲǶԼŮĸ⣬ÿζҪ˵һ˵ϱҵĺãؼǻҵģһֻԼҵӣá
ķرãʣһֻ뼦һֻӣ쿳ǰֻ˺һİװ׵ģϮˡ
ǿƴ⣬ľķ֮һ飬ľľǳԶʳһ졣ëëУҲҪԣֻұóԵģҪҪ
ߣҵԣ㿴̵ιȥô
һӳëëǰľĸɸɾļͷһ˿ⶼûСҵˣ
ڶڣĶ֮һˮ죬ټһֻһһ컹ûɽ˸طȥֽǮ
ɽطӻĵĵһúõĻţûһ˵ҲûطɨĹһֻҸطֽ
ľһ˴ɽܵɽ￴˺üˣҲҸطֽġҶûдк˻ŵ·ߡ
ڹҶӶȻҶӲǰ̣Ĳ̫ãٶеճɵġ
Ѯյʱ򣬹紫Ϣ˵һȼĴӳ˸߲ҵĴȥװľһϻɽ£ͷص˿˻ˣߺһһȺ˶ɽȥæ
ľûؼҶʮ׺Сףľ̿Сϲĺܣ칫طҪֵʳǵȡסСЩûСףҲûطҡ
ľ̸˵˵ȼǱߵġ
ľӵͷ˵Ǳ߸ɺõ㣬ʳ
С׺ãС࣬պøǼֳԡ
ľˣСʹĴС˼Ҳˡ
ľӹЦľԴӿʼԸʳĸˣľθںã˻ԽԽཱུ֣ģľһؿЦľ̸ɴˡ
һŴӺ޶ݻﻹϹҶӰõĺ⣬峴˳ԣҲһˡ
ϲ˴ԵҶӹϹܶʡһʳ
緹ʱľ̳Сࡣľ̶Լһͬʣ۰Ͱ͵ĿţҲҨһӣζ
ľҰҰ죬ζԣһϲԴ׷֡
Թ𣿾֪׷⡣
ߣ֪˵سйӪ꣬кġ
ľ̳ԵĽζŲ糳졣
ľ̾СӪľҲúãĺӻҪಹһƽʱܸӳһͲˣҪΣӶﻹȱԵġľһһľֻľҵСĸζľˡ
һľ׷ۻһСף֪û˿ϻʱȥ˴棬ϻ٣еĻԼҲ뻻һ㣬ɽбģǰԹСףúܣԼԡ
ӳ⣬ȥг˾ȼ϶᲻óҪСϱһҲԡ
ڶ죬ſϱ͸űȥгȻڻСףһ׷ۻʮС׻Ԥľֺ²СӡľҲ˶ʮ
·̯̯ϻмͷ沷ˣһһ롣ûȥÿͷҲܰˮһ
ڵɽӵˣһľ˵أƴϱƴɩŮƴƴˣƽʱϲľҼһɽӡ
ʱƴСѾͷСĵĿһһۣﱳ󲻿˵
һԻƴɩЦѾͷզˣƽʱҿɸˡ
ƴɩ˴Ůһۣ˭֪ѾͷզˣղŻ˵Ҫèûͷûβģ˭֪˵ɶ
СѾͷ죬Ҽèëë
һסˣզ£
ԭСѾͷȥгһֻƴ򵽵һֻҰ˼ƴɩȥǰͷԵģƴں档ղҰߵ˵˵һ䣬ôɽҰôѴҪȥһܴʮֻ
СѾͷˣ˵Լȥԣèôһ²ŴʮֻأţڻƴľľҵëëȲء
ţ˵ȲһֻèҲġ
ҶǰǱߵֶֽżΣƽʱסسٹ漸죬ɽģ˵ǰ±ҧ˺öˣҲҽȥҰζֻгҡ⼸´Ҷҽɽ˺üҵһҰģ봵ţ
˵èܴԣʮСӿɲϡ氡ҪǼʶһ˵˵ľ˼ҵè
СѾͷ˵ȥͺˣһֱ̣治Ҫ˵£Ǳۣ˰ѼʳˡΪộɽӵĺһ㶼ڴ棬ɽӵĺ
żôҪëëƴ£עܻ
һôһ˵û룬û¶ʶ㣬ĶèСӹƾǺ棬⻰ɲҪ˵ˣҰľǴģëëǰӣÿζҪҧһҧҰӣװġ
³׳һҲǳ¶ˣϽŽһ¡ԺëëɽӿɲÿëëΪɶûɽҲûиˡ
ΪʲôôڿǱ˸ģɲǻԸôȵǶʱ䣬èԾͷˡ
СѾͷһĻŰɣëëģе㲻š
صɽ壬һ˵˽£ľ̸ëëһᣬ⣬ߵ
ëëľԱ߼װû
ľܵëë߰οëëëë´βҪ˿ŶҰ͵͵òã㼦ȳŶ
˵Сūߡ
ľүүľľԱ߰æʱڵֻк棬٣ľүүЩľ衢ľӡľҲܻЩǮ
緹Ǻ׷ۺľ̸żһԡȥյĺ棬ˮ٣ĺܣ׷۰ɺģľ̻С룬СӹĹĵģͺˡ
˯ʱľ̾һ䣬ѽ
ëëˣһצӣŬģأ




13.   13  ¹


ľΪͣһ㣬ԵҪëëүСˡ͵ͯȨɣ꣬ͱ
ľֱߺߣëëô껹úء
ʱˮϣҲĺܿġ
ľӿճҪȥľȥľӼҿţƴ塣
ϻƣɶأ
ƴɵЦŪһӣѰ˼еȥسתת
⻰Ҫӣ˵϶ҪдֵģȻ꾰ãгſˣǸʱβȻĽ˭֪СľˡҲɽӣӻֻҪ֣ľҲҷ㡣
ľóдõĽŽưȫϱ𲻰ţץҿǲϵġ
֪֪ưȫæĴӦ㱻ץҲã϶۱ˡ
ưȫˣľ˵ҪȥСãľдһţߵʱľСף˳ȥ
ڶһ磬ľ̻ﻳ˯㣬ľӾ𴲱ϱˣʮСסʮשս͵ĺ㣬ȥһЩǡƹ߲֮ˣˡ
ȥ껹׷ȥ᲻ˡȥٻһףȫֵĺ棬ثʣµ׷ۻҪԼԡשһúܣݺһķ䣬滹аӺש
سǳվ³ȥʱʱ򣬳Щ˿Żͦģ꿴Ŵһˣž͵Űˡ
ľ߸׳׳ģɫȻеڣӾͲȱԵģһ·ľӲ֪ջ˶Ľ
ľӺ·Ļưȫֿߣľ·ש˼ŶǽЩƷϴλǸζˡϴλȥǸ壬һ޵ľ̶ò
ľȥľľڼңһȥ˳
±ľó߲ˣ㣬¶µʮСף͵ģҸģʮǸģҪҪ
ҪôҪôõС׻ʮĿ顢ƱǮ˼һһءľ˵ǮľӡĴǶ໹򲻵ֻ߼СǮһһҲ󣬻չˡ
ľľ˵ԼǱߵ飬ľӻľһû뵽ƽʱɽ©ˮСôʱ
˵ûӻúõģľҲͷˡ
ľû³緹컪ֵܳ緹ƨƨߵʰһϴ·˵ĸȥɽӹ١ûиƨҪȥ̫ˡ
˵ԼǱߣϢʱЩ˵ϱһʳ߲˽ǣԼ۵һһģĲТӣ˵͵
⻰ǲҵľǰȥ˵Ҫͷ֪˵һ٣һ˶ǸϱôӶȥ
ľ˵Լϴģһ߸˵һٷʢؼңӺúõĳһٱġ
˵ľߣ컪ֵܵɽɽ¾͸ȥӵҰһ㣬ɽϳ塣ľӱűںߡ
˴ڻ˸˵ֶܵĸһľӵʱֵѾһӡˮ٣ȥӻûȫˣ겻֪ǲƽʱˮˣһӣر
ƽʱ˶᲻óԣ
ľҲӵˮȻûȪˮ
ëëľԺССˮң⼸ۣÿˮҡ֦ϲͣ죬ҲŲצӻֻϷֱҪ̫֡
ľڻ·ֻȥۣȻҲζɣûʵĳԵС·ɽˣԸ
ҪΪУ֮㹻ۣĶͶܴţһռһ㡣ҪȻȻľԼۣ۲ߣëëϵĻ۵ĶòǰηȪˮǿȫëëϡ
ľԴӿʼԵ֮ëëͲˣ顣
ߣԻ֮ʹϽľСȭͷ˯ȡҪˡܽˣ϶ҪëëСƨɡ
緹Ѿˣ磬ľ̿ȵһ档ӳ˿Ҳ˯ߵȥɽҼȥ
·ݣ컪ɽӴһ£˲ƨɵǰװ׵ģȫڵĸú̿һһЦһ׻λεġľҲܲסƤӡ
ľӴӴǱ߻ľүүʳɶˣ
ղһȺС˵Ǳ˹ȥ
ľʪĨһȥϵĺˮզΣǰмӵСɽɽϵ˺档ɽ¼ӱֵòãⲻͿǴӵ⼸챻͵˺üˡ
һЬӣЬҲˣզ죿ǴһĺòźۿҪճˣɲ˼ռˡ
ǲܣ͵ģһСΧȥһɽˡ
ľүүô죿
ҹζ࣬ɴ⼸ѺҲòˣһ磬ȣȥܻĻĸҾ졣
ɽӺû죬һҰѹŮ޵ɽӵ˼Ҿ뷽跨ģ뵽ɽʳ˵˵һµճ˾ͻ
ûźãڴһ͸ˡģĲ˵ݸҰֻҪڿһ㶼ڵģֲǶ죬ϸŽʳˡ
ǿɽӳϹϵˣŹһۿռű˾ˡ
µףһֵĺȥˣľҰæٺܿڵǰµ·ûñȣԱǻһչˣٻǳòУҶ綼еơ
û죬ѧУҪѧˣ컪ҲҪسˡΪĹϵֵسǻжѧû˿ӣжýӵ⡣
ֵܱľͻؼңߵʱ򻹺⹫šˡˡ衢衭ǶҪҰ
ľӻؼʱһ龫Ϻǻһ̷ۡⶼǸľ̴ʳ
ľϺһ̣ϻһ龫ӹģĶûúãֱʮˡ
ʱһζʮһ£ľҪˡľ̾Ÿµʱ̡ܺˣ͸úܡ
̣⡣ľСȶ
ḻ̌ŮСģЦеģ̸ԣȥˣ϶
СŮˣʳУû⡣
ľĴëë⣬ëë
ڳëëһĸСڴȥ
ʱ򣬼Ҽ̴Ѷðˣëëˣ͵͵ҧһֻҰľҺԺܽľ̰ëëСԴëëǺúӣ̾Ϳչˡ
ëëɲôľǸСзϿɲǿô
ľʰҰһ鼦أһƽۡƾȥȣľ̰ࡣ
ҰľľֵҲ緹ӳź׺Ҫ⡣ľһڴӦ
һ⣬ܸһ٣ʣµļܡȣϸպسһҰҲþûˡ




14.   14 ¼ɽ


ľֵȥɽǰҵһֵֻϲҲ̰ıĶϽװϽǡ
ôĻҲʲôңسľ˵ģľյĵһ˼ǰҿûˣŽȥ
˼Ҳ˵ֱ˸ľӵͷʮǮľʻû⣬֪Ⱥسġ
˵ͷݣﻹд廨⣬һӹǡľҲҪһ⣬ľӾͰʣµĶԲˣ˳г顣
ƱëǮһ⣬㡢ӹһ塣˰ʣµǮľӣľӴתͳš
ӣľǮָľʮĿǮľӺٺЦﲻᡣ
ľ·سǹ磬Ů򲼣һ鲼Сһë׵ۻɫľӿˣϧûвƱ
ľֵһм⣬ȥ³ſڣ鷳ŵĴүһľࡣ
ľңľɻ˭ʱ粻ģһſڿ硢
硢磬緹ôʱӣ粻ġ
ľӺҵĵͷ˵˽Ұ˳ʣûвƱ¡
ľЦһɶأɣϧ벻˼٣س³һۻɫĲϣ³·ĺܣʺСﴩڼң˵ʲôʱȥľϲСֶŮģûŮɶ¶ǡ
ľӹһЦ˵ˣղŴ·磬ǿƲ߲·һ˵̴ÿ˵ĺ۹Ůһľһ԰ۡ
ľεͷľҲЦҸطϢһ£°һؼáڲ٣Ҫǽ·ݵʱҪ·ְ飬óĻ̻̣öʱ¸ˣȻʽҪ͵һ㡣
ֵûвͬģֵ˸ط棬ʱ࣬͵жȥֶӷѧ
컪ֵһѧſ˾ˣ˵ĹЦߺҪ
Сӣż²ֳˡ
ԴǱ߲ˣҼҿɴ˺öʳÿ춼Եıġ
һĸ˵ſڣպ°ľࡣ߸ߴ˱ԼޣкľߵýӾǲҸ硣
ľصңû°࣬ľֵܺ˿ˮľͰѴŵ鲼ۻɫĲóľӵͷ翴ǿ鲼
ŲˣľҲˣŻؼң˾ûгˡľߵʱʼϷˣҪգˣһؼҰɡˣӢˡȻƨ¶
ľСţȥ·ϱ˽סǲ磬ľЦӦһ
һĴȣҾ˵ù࣬һһˣû˵ҿͼɣ
ģɶ˵ģľ˵˵˾ֶˡ
һĹص˵ˣһĽʡ
صңϷһ⣬峴Ƭһʢ
硢ۼˣ
˶ſľŷӳ
ţе£˳Сӡ
ſһ⣬Ũ֭ŷ̾һ״˰
Ķ쿴Ӱˣ⣬ֵĸ̾Ƥһ䣬ɲүү̡󲮡Ǽġ
ľһۣԱǰɡ
裬ʹ⡣컪һֱͷԣû̧ͷ
ľӻصѾˣһӶԷһңϴϴ֣¾Ϳʼԡ
ľҲǺûʳռҶ峴ǣζһ˳Ե㣬ľľѾǶٷˡõգɿֲڴˡӹѽ
ľӻؼңóֵʮĿǮһ⣬ľһۻɫϡ
ľľ˵£˵鲼ľȤۼҵĹŮǵˣ㿴۹˭Ůۼҹúõġ˵ǸĸζŮһ㣬겻һѡ
ǰ껹ƤҪӢӵѣ᲻أһûУϺõĲϣ˵ԺҪŮأⲻõϡ
ڶ죬ľ̵ա
һﻹĺܣľ̲Ҫû취ëëѾɽһӻؼˡľǸûӵԻȣϻѵ룬ôŪؼңԸӾͲˡ
һ緹һžͿëëڳſڣ»һһһ黹û͸ķӡ
ҵ죡һܹȥץӽ˳ȣһ
һЦеëëı˳ëëëĺܣץ˼컹ץӻ˵һʵȡ
ëëĵİһġ
ԷľһҲˣһ˸߸˵ĳһ٣ͷϡع⡢㡢²˳ľ̹һա
ʱ򣬻̵֣ŽСŽëëƨɣëëżĺȥȥëëȥ⣬
һ˹ЦëëĲУɹ̫룬ľԵСɲͶϰߣҪȻӵĻԼ
ľǿۻɫĲϣľһɱ£һ޵ĳĲ鲼мһ㱡޻΢һ㣬ʱһԴ꿪ʱ򻹿Դһ󣬽궬رʱټһް֤ůůġ
ûˣľӢӺľôۻɫıڴ˰£ɽʱ͵ˡ
ľ̳һˣȥֻٿޣСͰ͵ĺľӵȻסֻСŮһɽ
ľӢӼ˲ˣҲҪɽֻľıڼңľ̡ľүү顣
ɽľһӣӿС˶ЦĺܣľŵʲôóԵģ
ľرĻش𣬿ӡ
һ˱ĹЦ
һæúܣͼŮһߴ֦ϵĸɹһæżڵϵģҪ񿴼ﺢӱԶˡ
ľ̺ľӢܲԶģһǸջߣɽϻƽһСȶϴӵĲӣƽܲСĶˤһӡ
Ů㿴ңҿ㡣
ӢӣȥӰɡ
Ҫҽ㣬ұ󡣡ľӢľľ̡
ľ̼װûָһݴ˵㿴Σ϶Ӷ
ģľӢҲץء
ġľ̿϶ĵͷѾӦˣӣСӡ
ôץľӢӺܿգܺÿġ
ľָһ䣬סڣȻôġȥôˣˮëëģץӸԣߡ
ľ̿ˮĹľӢѾжˣ鲼ڴӶڡ
ľ̶СӣֽŲõӶСɽϣľ̰аֳɣһСɽģһһӡ
ľ̺ݺһϤϤµΨһǸӶֻӣľӢСֻײһ
ߵĶһȺӵע⣬ǸСȿ˷ܵĴ󺰣ѽ




15.   15 ɽ


ܽȥֻСӣֻܵˣһȺҴܣ⻹ӡ
ľӢӴӵҲ۲ۣһƨĿϣֻӣ˵úܡ
ʿǣҳ尡׽ӣǷһȡ
һȺ޸˵໽УɽϵΧ׷أӳһʱץסˡ
ľƴȥԵ⣬ˮ
ͷҲأҾôˣʴҲȺӵջ񣬴ɽװɽһŪȥֲܵʳҲʱһ㡣
ӣһȺʰö׼ɽＱҴҵɽ˴顣
Ҷǰ˵Ǵɨˡ
˵ɶأɨɶ
ѾͷҶǰ˵ǴӲʳ˽֣ڽ
ľɫһڣ˵治Ҫ꽻ʳǴٽˡ
ͷһĭҿȥģֵǣɽӲۼˣᡣ
ľҲܵϵɽˣˣɽ˼ŮһɽһȺСӣľ̡ľӢҲһڻ
ľŮҲɽˣƽʱ︾ŮദģֻעʳҪ泶Ƥľʮ˴ûǶ֡Ͼ˺Ҽ޵ɽ¶ɽ˲֪
Һ¡ľӢӿűⵣڵˡ
°ءһֱľӢӣı
ḻ̌Ҫ˯ȥ۵ëëۣһֻϻſڣľ⡣
ľһ·ܣʮӵɽ´ӣҶǰҴԺʹ˸
ҽûˣҪɽȥˣҪȥˣֻԺŷҰޡ
ؿҶڵأһ汻Ժһʱ۾ˣⵣͳҶǰ˹ȥҶǰ޷֮һ˼ⵣű
ҶǰڳһȺеһ뵽쵼˵Ŀְˡ
ʲôأʲôأǹأұ򲻱ҡҶǰΪ
ҲˣǹûСװװɶáӶӳڣװǻƵľûˣ˭Ϯ쵼ɲǹˡ˽عʳˡ
ԣ˽عʳϽϽңҵʲô¶û
ľǰҶ˵⻰ҾͲˣ˭˵˽ʳˣȻҪҲ뽲ôеģǹ٣֪һ᲻һǹЩ顣
ľ˵ǹʲôʳĹ˵ҲţЩҵõʳ
ҶǰЦٸϸߣӣĸӲˣǴ⣬Ӷûһû˽ʳ˭ţ
ûжԼ˱£ɽɽȥɽҳԵģѵɽӣŲɡ˵꣬ĸɽͿϸɣĸɽյʳࣿȥ͵ʳι𣿡ָҶǰ
˵ЩûõģʳҾ͵ʲôûҶǰܡ
ϱǽǵĳʶ˵ͳҶǰȥյģûģ˵Ϲġ
ӵǿиɣʲôô
̵Ū㡣ӵ˱׺ݵı
ľӸľһ񣬼Ůǰסϱ֮лҶǰһţҶǰҽУȶˡ
ľӵûҶǣҲˣѵʳûУ桢׷˵£û֤ȥسǣٻôһǵһμ
ľɲǴֲʶäôбҵϸߣɱҶǰȹλǿˡ
Ǿ͵Ϊֹذɡ
ӵ˷ŲҽеҶǰ֪룬ҵűⵣϳԺӡ
̿һص׷ۣĶţ˷ʳ
Ҷǰľôˣӿ˵ˣػиȱ˵߾֮л㹤ȱľһ˿Ļᣬʲôмʳġ
ҸʲôôѰҶǰָܻӵˣӵⲻˡ
ʱɽӺɽһХɽӵ˶ϽܻԼңһʱ䣬Ҽһűջ
Ҷǰһ˶ȣԺǽԺŹصĽ˼ҡ
ǣҪǻ߰ɣ´
ҶǰϣʲôϴֻɽϻǱһȺ˻һֻϻ
ҿȥģվ˵ۣӵǺڵĺܣҶǰ˵һ˹һ˷һ׷ۣΪǼź¶ˣ˵ý찤˴˵Ҫˡ
ХԽԽӵҲҶǰԼܣʱҲ˲ˣҶǰܣеܵڻͷһֻһֻ˸ߵĴϻɽϸ
ܣܡҶǰպûͷҲˣŵ亹ֱһȺ˻Ų·ǰˤһӣ˽һ·ɽ¹
ʱҲ˲ûУֻҪһܡӵǸɱǵģϴαϻҧʬ岻ȫЩڻǵ
ûٻͷֻһ·ǰ壬һ·ܵӱܿ⣬Ҷǰţ졭ţסܿ޽ʵģϱܿţһ˲žû˹
ϻ嵽ڣͻɽϣɽӵֻХԽԽԶ
ľӴԺڴĴ鿴ûϻӰӡ·ҵˣɴ·ưȫһɽѲߣһԶûУ򼱴ҴҵɽﻹС޺͸Ů
ӣɽյɽȫؼңľүүľӳȥӱܿ⣬˵ŮСڼʰɽ˵ϻһȺСҲҪȥ档
ľ̼ǣѰֳɹɣһ߻һ˵ϻɽĹ£ϱɽˣҪȻɶ¶ûɾΪ˰ŻҶǰ
ò˵ô˻ľ̸ղɽѲߣü˵ҪϹʱ䣬ľүүľӴӱܿһ˯ˡ
ڶûľ̾𴲵춯ԺĿһۣͷ˯˹ȥ
ϳ緹ʱϱ߶ľ̲֪ұѼҵˣ塢лƵ˽һȥسǡ
ľӾͲ˵ˣҶǰ׵űһƻ浱ˡ
سϰʱ֣ɽһȺŮӲĿһسǻذ´ſڣŮ˻ĨġûСʱΧһѲϰпյָָ㡣
ſߣԭ¶ˣϻɽˣǴǻǹҰʳ꾰ﶼֵɶѽò״ľȼһزܳԡ
һǼֱ˰
ίһϰ࣬гûأҾ徵£ԽԽ󣬸Ͻ˰ԱнʱѾˣѾ˺üˡ
ίżϻæ̬¶϶ӼԲɲȺЩĳ֣˺Ⱥڵĸ顭
ûʮ㣬ڼӴӴ۵ֱлҶǰίֱϽش¥һţʲô˵ģҶɵӣҶǰְҪ⳥Աҵʧ
Ӹɽɸתɽӵ˱ίһ緹극Ϳϳ




16.   16 һѩ


ɽǳˣǴ˵еϻ壬͸ɽٵˣǲ̤ɽӵĵطϻЩޣɽӵľ͸Զˡ
ɽϼҴȥί״飬֪ɽӵ˲ǣЩʵũʱҲûЩ֯ŵ̰Ǿȼ쵽֣Ҳ˵
ɽǳʶˡȻ˵ȺӻĵйǸ²ҵģ±˼˵ɽǣҶǰǶɽ
˻򰵵ĹɽӵѹںԼӲ
ɽӵ˻ش·ϣﻹί渶⳥ʳŮ˶߸˵ģһûǰӡ
ͷһ£ͷ԰˵˵ʳôصģҶǰǴ﷭˰죬Ȼͷ׷ۣҲ̽ǡ
һϡôǧ꣬˭֪˭ѽ
Ҫ˵ձȥԽԽùˣһ۵ģ۹Ҳ׼ۼȻѡӻҪԶ˴㡣
ǷƵģ꿴ʱֲԣҼҴҵ̫ۣɴԭؽɢһӻķɢȥأҲӴʱתӻĵƶũҾ֡ʮӹԽԽǵԶ
⻰˵ˮƽҶͬ⡣˼ǻҪ͵ˣʳʱְһʱỹƽˡ
Ҫ˵ɽӵȫز٣˵Щ˶ûӻĵˣҶһദʮ꣬⻰Ҳֻƭƭˡ
ľӹ۲죬ǰ϶Ǵ˼ң˵¶һ㡣ҽã˵ǰΪҽġͷ˵ǻƣиСѧƾҲģ˽˵зʲôͲ֪ˣ
ҶǺľҹϵȽ׽ģ֪ϸĲ࣬˭֪ɽɣƽʱദˣڴҶԶദţⶼ
Ҷǰ¶ɽӹӣȥɽϼʰɽһЩ߽߱ǽǵɽ
Դϴϻ֮󣬴ӵ˿شڵˣԺÿ컹ҪŰȥɽѲߣرǿɽǱߣܷɡ
ľӴˣڴɽӽɽ·ڣ˼ôϽ˸СӣѲߵϢ
Ѳ˰£ɽΧûзִҰޣķСֿʼءľԴܵС·ŴһȺҰ
İ£СʮµץסҰҰӣ´ҲС鷳ɽҲܱһȥľӢЩССӿɸˡ
죬ɽӵСϱһɽɽ㣬ľһһֱͻ㣬ıݡëëֱľ߹ʺˡ
ľݵ֮ôʰ
ʮµףԪǰһ죬ɽһѩһɽӵԶԶűɽϵİѩ̾ܿͷŶ
ɽѩɽɽƮһСѩؾͻˣϡ࣬˿ŸˣСȴˡʪ˲׼š
ȥɽ϶ѩ˰
ľ̺ʹСһֱϣ˲ڱɽϣվڰããɽۣɽ½ɫɽţ˳ȻУһڣθˬ
ľɽƮëëһ
ëëǲǺڣľ˷ָܵһʯͷֲطǺڵǸεҶӣ׶Ǻڡ
ëëһۣǰɣһͼġвҩʵͼ䡷һգȷʵǺڡ
ëĿŶС˶ˣڣڣҪֵ档Դϴβҷֵ֮ҩٵ߰˰ˣֻһСǿʢķѿ³˳ɰľ۵ѽ
ֲɽںҩֵ棬¿źöɲ˷ܵĲ
ëëͬľ̲û취ˣֻͳСҩһںڡ
Сĵ㣬Ÿ
ȫ
᲻ڡ

ľһҩģһ̲סᡣ
ëëŭˣбԼצҩĵצľ㻹ǲˣ
ľˣëëһСʱʯĺȫȫβĿٳˡ
ֻֻۣԺҩϢǵðһЩѿ˸յأѺȥľˡ
һȥǰдеۣǰش֮ùͺͺģʱ䣬ƬɽܿһЩɫ
ľ۵ҩ͸ɫ֣ҩ˴룬иĳ˼ƬҶܡ㽶֡ݮЩɲ»߶СĶȫݻˣֻ֦ЩĹľ˹ܽϹӡ
ٹ꣬ٴһ㣬һԼɽʱʱˣҲܶһЩҩص棬ָëëСзϿǿסˡƲһ۴Ϸ𾢵ĳèľġ
ľεĿµƬɽص棬֪ɶʱָܻʢʱڡ
ѩۿɼĿϵЦݶҲ΢ſһԴˡƴһ˿Ӹḷ̌˵ģġ
ľһ㲻ĿһڣֿһڣȻҧ˺ʣµһͷָˮĻƴǺѽ
1962Ԫڹ󣬴ˣȫǳľ̽ŲԸ뿪СԴһе
ǸɳζʱǳζǷۺɵζǳӵζ
ľ̿ˣѽľעǳԲˡ⼸涼ʼ׼ľСͰ͵ûͣȥҲһӣȥܼһûľϻ𣬱ӳѪֱðŵü˸ľ̴£ֹʳ
ľӢӴӶһŻ㣬̸ҵģҷָԡ
ľ̿һľӢӵݹĻߣԡ
ʱľӡľӴسǻһľܹȥװǰ⣬ǡһ̷ۡ
һΰͰѷָóΰͻó·ɣǷ⣬߳ƶζϷǱߺ㡣һ⣬⡣
ľſɽϿһʵİ֦⡣ȰݵĴȡݵϣȼȼٷʪİ֦⣬ðỤ̃һϲɢľ̻һЩٿǣٷϼľѬһڶݶ
һѬõ⣬ζʵ̫Եˡ
ڵˣ¶ʮľࡢһɽľҰꡣ




17.   17 ½ɽĢ


ȥԪȣľݵĲУľСŮһʲ֪ԼǱߵ³һﻰ˵ľżҷң治Т˳ľ಻Сˤһӣһ²źá
ľ಻Ǻ۸ģӺõĲˣųίĸɲȥĸһŪû˹ϱľǸľݺݳ˿
ľ˲֪£ΪԼ֪鲼һֱ봮Ҫû뵽ľֶŮľ಻˵Ҳ졣
һҲСӣ˵Ű˵㼦ӪǼûĸֻˡɶõӪƷＦǼ۵һǮһ򣬻͸⣬ڽľӴŪ˲ٸ߼⡣
ľ̷۸óԵģÿϵСùã׼ūëëСɽץֻҰ
Ǿӭ£ѵ1961㰤ȥˣҶӳϣɽӵҲԸϣ˳
Ķ࣬٣ľΪɽӵĶӳ֪м˵ʳŵ괺죬ʱм¡
Ĺһ꣬ľľಹ壬һֱľŻؼҡߵʱľ̳һֻҰݸľࡣ
ùãҴģԡľСؿڣĺܡ
ľЦűľķֶŮûۣãùþͲˣкÿĲٸƯѡ
ľ̴ĺܣûƯѣҲ⡣
һ˹ЦֱľЦ¶С
ľ࣬Ԫڣֿʼһææµµ
˴ľӽϼСӴϳͷɽȻȪ۵ˮɽľïʢ١˼ȪۣóͷһСȪ۵ˮ۳һСϪɽȥ
ǶµļѩˮʱɽµļӣǰɺԵļˮҲˮҷ·𿴵ϣݵŷųͷһҲͣڵʰأź
ʱΪǵɽȻɽԼҲյ֣Ҷ˵ɽҶǰģһʱ֮ɽǡ
СϪ׳Ҳû˸ðˮһָ߲ĺ桢ס֣æĲˣصС˶Ҫֲ
һľ̴ľȥľҵأСײˡ²ˡ
̣̰
绹ûأٹԡ
̻ء
Ҳûأٴһԡ

ľ߲ûһ˵Ȼط֡ˮֳ㣬һ㶼ֱڸӣӽֺˣٵ͵ٳԲСľˣѹûľֲô
æ괺֣΢ľԴ档ܵ棬Ժųţľ̿ɹҩ
ľ߽ȥգ۾ʣɶݲѽ
СѾͷͷǳǰݡ
أ
ơ
ɫأ
ػơ

ۣôݲݣȥɽڵ𣿡
ǵѽСѾͷѧ𣿡
ء
Щҩ඼ʶٹܽɽˣҪҸҽѧҪʶҩĲУԺлýɽ
ζСѾͷҲϲúܣɴҩ緹ʱľ̲ŵߵܻؼҡ
˯ʱľ̻ſؿϣָͷһһĸʶҩġ
ľҵȥ˷ܵμңһܱߵҩĶ˱飬ϲҩķ֣ҳصġݸĿʶҩġ
ľ̷ˣ⡶ݸĿǷֵģŵģûͼƬɶѽڻǸäأصİ׻滹ͼġݸĿóľԱˣߵܻؼҸľ߿ࡣ
ľҲϲиרѧﱲɶѽľ̲СѾͷôסòҵȤ죬֡
룬ֱӰѼӶһ𣬸һ͸һȺˡľľʹ㣬סСһľľ衢ľӢӾͲɵģرľӢӣһ¾ĥƤĲ
ľ̶Եоḻֱóһ͹ӷϣ˵˭ϱֺþ͸˭ԣ˭ҪǲûԵĻҪ˵žȥݰջóڱϣһȺƤӡ
ӼӴľһȺ޿ʼѧ֡
оľǼõģľ궼ˣһ㣬ѧĵڶãľľһ㣬ʶһЩ֣ľӢӺľǸ͵ġ
˶ľ̵ѧϰֱ۽磬ôסôãԺɵúúľһ䣬ľסЦö˼ˡ
ľŸһѧ֣˯𴲾ﵽңѧݸĿ˳ѧҩġ
ɽӵĴ򣬳ũæʱҪµأũеʱҪɽѼҩģҿÿ껹רŷָʳνʮңŮּˣϱһס꾰ʱ򣬿ǹġ
죬괺˼С꣬ɽˮʳĲջһ£üû˴ʼҰ˶ա
ľȥңһ綼϶ҰǼҲûʳˣʳˡصһ˵ľڶľȥҵʱ׷ۡʮɡ
̾ȣϽ㣬ʳɶ
ľЦЦۼ̸ѧ˼ҩģûʽϹţүү⽻˵ˣ˼ҪģûɶõĿͣ͸ĥĥ
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˵ľ̳ڻûԹĢأϸɺûһεģ΢ʪһĸɽֺˣ껹һγĢˡ˵ҪȥĢ˵ĺܡ
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һȺСҪɽӡľӢƲƲ죬϶




18.   18 

Է
һȺΧһʲСʣӺʹ˾ΧԲŷվųԷ
ϷһͰݲˡϣӾľ̵ţξľ̻һСţξ˵ϸԡľء
һȺС޳Ե̧ͷ׺ݲˬڣӾԣʵĲˣƽʱԵĿҲûʣʲôθںõúܡ
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Ӧ
԰ϡզ̰ϡϡһ㣬ںԺһ£ժС裬ŵף׼óԡ
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ϻ٣һΧһ㣬ԵĸɸɾΪŵ٣̫ҲûһڡһŶϢľִţʱëëɽҰˡ

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ľе飬ȷʵû뵽ëëСѣֻԼԵĸˡ
ľèϵβĶˣϽοһץ㣬רץԡ۹ëë˹
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ľ̴ıëë̼ǵëëأ̸ëëһţߣȥԡ
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ľðݰľ̵ѬһϸûӣʰˣʹߴϴﻳСŮ˯ˡ
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ڸѧҽѧ˶پ費ᣬľǺġ
һҩҪϱлټкüͼҩͼ䣬ɽټϱɽĴ룬пվϣҩģڲ˵ʶҩĺμʮʶĶࡣ
ڶҩֻҪ䷽ҩθĶࡣʼľһЩճõķոðҩ裬ҳ˶˵ҩЧ֮ǰҪá´Ҷ֪ľСŮҩĺܡ
ľҩԭҪۣϰҩʱһȪˮʦ޼ѧϰҩҩԵõ̶ȵı棬ЧҲá̴ЦЦ
ţ̺ãүүءľҿԺﶼûˣֻɹҩġ
ľҲûаΪʦʼΪľ̾ѧ棬Ͼһָɶľ̿ʼҩֳ츳κգҲûǸ˼ҵʦֻ˵ŵһ·˰ˣҲûʦ¡
үүһҪɽӣȥسǽˡ
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ľһ·۱ܣСʱ͵ſڡֻһֻ׳ʵĴϻſ˯ľˣһſ˯
ľĴԴԡ
ľСŽۺԺ




19.   19 ɽӽ˶


ϢصȻľïʢӡ
һȥۺԺұ߻һԼƸеĴмΪ㹻ø͸ߵҩĸҩֲұǼƬʳأǰһƬƵĵȡ˶۵סʱҪʱʳˡ
ƬشֲŸˮ֦㽶⨺ҡЩѵջڣʵѹ֦Щѹ˽ӣΪ۶صĻҲһЩûвժĹ֦ͷϹţûеڵϡ
ܵɽ֣һЩϰϲҩҲɽɢֲţȥժ
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һҪЩĻг󣬲óԣ洦ľϣ嶼ġ
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һˮŵľһǰӼ͵ɹıժһŶʮҵӡӣһ㽶ٶ˻ˣһСƨôĶôණ
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´ľһϻһֱЩҩģſʼͳƷҩԹӡƿԵҩЧõ˳ԾЧôõҩǸĺӡתͷľ˵ҽҪúѧ
ľ̵ͷɲںúѧκͶľһǡһ·ܳң˵ȣҲɶͨˣⶼľûɶϵ
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ǸүүжҲǸҽϺİɡľ̺Ͷ˵һϺ˵ɶϺүү˵ǰүүҩҩġ
ľӺľүүһۣҲǸˡ




20.   20 ԰׸ɷ

ľ͵Ĵӡľֵܵͷãľ̵̻ĳ緹ľľֵܾͱſһڵĴܵľ̼ҡ
̣ôãһ£ٸľ軰ǲ˶ۣĺܡ
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ҪӣټĴΧǽ޷ӵ˹ѣûǸȻҲͷһ£300Ǯ𲽰ɣɽӵķӱ޽ʵˡ
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ڶ죬һϴ緹ľʰһԵĺȵģһ⡢һǡһڲףҪ͸ľʦġ
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ľ̵ģëëţһշ̣һɲ˳İո׵ĻСʱͰһ鵾ոãٽкɣͽִ档
ľ˰뱳ȳĥ׻׻Ĵףһţȫ׵ζȲˣҪϰ׷ۿҪʮһˣҪ緹ǰصҡ




21.   21 £ϻҲ׳

ľ̰Ѵװãܵժһӣӡӡ㽶֮⣬ժ⨺ҡ档֦ϳ鴹֦֦ϳź޵֦һ񫡣ұǿС˵غöҲˣľժһཷƹϡѡ
ʮףһˮһ߲ˣľ̵СòߡõߣҲỳɡ
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ľ̰ڰС֣ϻˣʦģ̫ණˣ˼òľŤСƨɣľ°˦˦ȥ
ľʦĪɣϻŵ亹ˣСѾͷֹֻ̫ذ᲻治֪˵ʲôá
ľС˶ǵİ׷أ̣˼԰׸ɷҪԡ
ľҲΣ̾͸ǣﻹأôʦôණףʮ׻ôľֻСѾͷˡ
ѽʦԲ꣬Ҹ˵ʦҵĹӻв˲ˣ׷ǼҺóԶˡḻ̌ŵĺܡ
ţԣҽ컹ժ˲˲ءľ̾ټժ߲ˡ
ֲ߹˵ȵʦԹ½ϵʳҲ߲ͨˮڸζõö࣬Ҷ廹ãľϣͨЩǱĬĶһ¼˵壬رľүүľ̡
һֲһСѾͷ緹ʱľİ׸ɷĻƹϣѽ
ľľֵܸǿŵĲˣҵأҴ֪ƹϡôóԡľԱ̾һ䡣
ľҲͷĲ˱óԡ
ĸҲͬ⣬ʵ̫óˣǺһǲ˾㣬ǵϵʳﱾζ
һ˵ǻƹǻƹϵζζζĻƹϵʱʵ̲סһ飬ˬ֭ĿڸУⱲӶûгԹôóԵĻƹϡ
ľ̵úܣ֪ǵֿס۵ħȥժ
ľ̻ղųԵĵһڰ׷Ҳʵ̫ˡ
ǿɲǡľүүҲûԹôס
磬ľãԼΪҪľḷ̌ƹϺܵҡ
ľĿһۻƹϣճ緹ҲԼ԰ɡ
ľʶôѻƹϵݸ淣ԣ̴ʦõġ
ľֶӵݵĻƹҧһڣȻ˾͸оˣʲôƹϣôôóԣľǰһƹôֳġ
ľ̵úܣϲǾͶ㣬Ҳóأ硣
ľǸҲԣһСҧһڣ໵ĽлУƹ˵øҵģǲ׼ԡ
ľ̲ϧôǸӢӺͽģ㲻ԣľӢӡľ軹˯ء
ľЦеĽӹƹϣѽûУٸ
еѽȥҼãء
˻û˵꣬ľ׫ŰƹϣŲȷһľ̼ȥľҲںˡ
ľ̺Ÿȥμҡ
ľ̵ңĸЪϯڿ顣
үү̡үү̺ѽæɹҩ
ιЦһΪʦͲء
ѽ˼ʦסɽģҪסڼ
ôҵʦģκ档
ľһѣдȥɽڸСɽ˺þöûҵȻһүү˵кö࣬˵ͽܾ͸ңȻҾʹӦ
ΪʲôҪ㵱ͽѽ
ȻΪʶöҩҩȫʶءľ̵ü
βʦˣ֣ڵҩģϲʶóһСʱɵģûüʰ
ľСС˶ڵϣϸɫСݲҶȫаɫëҶӳ׵İѣһſŶһдĻ滹нë
ⲻʲôǲ˸ðˣľϵݡ
ôСĺӲʶҩݻ֪ҩЧˡ
Ҳǵ⣬СѾͷŵġ
㿴ָһĲݸ
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ͷһСҩģ˵ĽζϯҲȥˣֻļ־ĵСѾͷ
֪ٸвУͣӦûĳ
ϯ趭ӣϴϯ϶ϯɣϯΰƵ벻ӿһСҪһȥƴŮǵһⲻТӲɡ
ľǿϯῴĿôܲľɻĿϯһۣһɶҲ
ľҴҪؼˣκľһЩҩӣ˷ðЩҳҩҪһЩ衣һǸ͵˱ġ
ľ̵֪䷽ûҩģ۵Ķһǲóġ
ľΪѣЦﻹСһҩģ˲Ρ֥Ҷ׼ȱζҩ⼸Ҿ롣
ǾûʲôˣľҲԼҩһڴӦһ¡̱СһһЦˣɣҩѽǸϯүү׼ģ⼸ɶ㾡ʹϯΰ
ľ̿һޱϯΰָ֪ʹɶ
ϯɤ𣬡ɶ¾ҡͣһ£ұԺͽϯῸɡ
ľ̾ȵ춼Ŵˣ˵ɶҲˡ
үүͶ̿ŲڵһɻСڹЦ
Ц֪զģ˼Ҹҩ裬ɶҪС˾Ͳˡ
ϯɫ΢ΣСڲӳƽʱġϯῳӣֻ˵ְ̫ǿˡ
ľ˶̵ĻСԴҡˣ⣬⡣
ϯῶСٴ֣صлϯүүһӱܵúܣϴð˰£ǳμĵҩӲźá
ϯ˿˼Ҷ˵ҩƵĺãҩҲãҩƽͣ壬ؼЧ졣Ҫǣҩһθڣ˳Ե·ֿǿܶࡣ
ȥ껻ʱĿ죬Ժö˼ҵ˺ӵֿĶˣʱϯмЧҩӵ£Χ˾Ͷ֪ˡ
ľ̻֪ʱҩӾϯҵѼˡ
֪ҩɽģϯҶΪɶʿˣ˾ϯȥɽӡ
һǲĶڣȥһЩҩӡʽȱļͥ˵ʱܿ𲡣ҽˮƽĲ˵п׵ҩһҪһŰġ
ɽӣϯû뵽νʿˣȻǸСѾͷ





22.   22  


ľ̴Ӧæҩӣ̸˵ĸľץһˮǣֲɫİװֽʡ
ľϱʹһ˵СʱյһˮǸ˵ĲˣǣҪֽѹƽղС֮仹ҫء
˶ΪСϲЩɫǣر󷽣ľ̵С¶ˡľɬĵлס¶յܻؼҡ
ľ·ңľӢӿǳԡľӢľ̵ܳľѾˣѶˮȫһСأѽ
ľӢܽϵһСƯǣϲ۵һҪ
ľҲˣ̣Ҫǡ
ľӢߣ̻أǣ߲ߣ
ľ費ԺҲ̳ѽ
̰£ֻţֶȻʼǣޣһһŵķȻÿֵܷţһšɼǶá
ֺ֮ľҪľסһ£ûˡ𼱣ȸһԡ
ľżߣҸԻƹϵʱûһԣǳȥҲҡ
ľҪվĶˣ˰ɣȥɶûÿһСɲȥͻᵷҡ
ԺҲ£Ҳġ
ľ̲С磬ǰԡľӢҲԵĺܣʼοˮˣ̱С죬ҲҪס
ľ̵ĵ֮£ľӢӡľèץһһСʱʱ̣˲½æ»ؼҡ
ľ£ŴԺţľŽһ̣˲件Ťͷܵߣ̣ڿԳ˰ɡ
԰ɣ԰ɡ֪һզô졣
ľӢҲİһţţѽ
磬̸ǣƽ֡ľ̰һƵľߡ
ľһţһţһζˣǶԵ㡣
ľﺬǣ˵æͷãѳԡ
ߣԣҪҧˡľ̲ݾܾİƸľľ
ľҲһţˣûɶˮζⲻеˮǡ
˻ˣľץԼǣټϸղŶһţţľ̰Ƿָˣľ̶һš
һѽ̽ôôѽ
ߡľ̲Ǹ÷ĺúӡ
ľ̰Ṇ̀˺һι¶ЦǺǵıľһ£Т˳
ḻ̌¶Ļ泩Ժܹܹȥ
ľľ衢ľӢӻ˼ңľóǣһһţľӢҲµķָԣľԥ죬ֻˣҾûˡĿľӡ淡
ľĺ޲ôСһƨɣôӲ鳡
Լԡ
´һȳԣšľЦ
㻹̴أôѧѧ
أСкóԵĻܲЩ㣬ԺкҲҪ뵽̡
ľӢһظҿ϶뵽С̣ǿ׽ء
ľҴߡľſ̻˵컹ҪɽȥʦңҪ졣
ľӲģôȥôãľ̳ôû뿪ء
ľ̸ϽοáãҪʦѧҩأҪҪأǸãûգȥʦѧѧ
һʣɶ
ǵѪһҩӣģЩҩĿɹˣҪҰɽɶģʦҩģ̡үүԡǶҪꡣ
ããáľСŮһڡ˵СŮԵҪȻôôء
ľӳԴˣɶ¶ǵ̣զǵ㻹иأ
ľܵߣοˣʦʳҪƣѧŸŪһƿպ÷ŵء
ľӸˣҲ˵׼ȥˣ˵ɽ
ϵʱľӺСѾͷ˯ľ̶˯С˵ģľӲŲǷ޵˯
һӺֺЦˣĸŮҪƵġ

ľӼˣʲôޣûжʮ׼࿴˼ҡ
һɵӣ̺ô׼˯
ľڨڨվһҲϴ˯ˡ
ڶԹ緹ľ̽˱ɽľ͵ɽϵλãëëǸϻѾǶء
ľӾһΣ˵㣬׳ŵӺëëչ˺̣ؼҸԡ
ëëԹԵһ
ľӷһ㣬ԺҪɽҾͰ͵ֻϻɽˡ
ľ̵ͷľټһձϻһԶˡ
ľɽżȥɻ˼ϵ㣬ͷڵأһľүүѾǶš
ľĶһ㣬ũеʱͺµأҪľֵˣֻľүүϣûٸɶʮꡣ
ľӡľֵȰסֻ˵Ҫȫ֣۵ܲˣ㡣ľүүӦˣӽ꿪ʼľүүһֱõ֡
һĵطһ˵ԵĻƹǽһóԣ̵ʦզ£һֱû˵
һ˵һ£沸оǾǸ˵
˵ߡ
ľժһ㽶лϻֹ˵ϻզôˮء
ëëһ͸ۼҵˮͨˮ𣿸һͷ
ҲŶײǽˡ
ľơ޼ԭӱһľݣרƵģװȫĺܣľֻã׼оһ¡
ľֲᣬ˰죬Ҳ̫ˣо
ëë䵹ڳҳһ
ľ̰ղ裬Ȱʳĥ飬ټٶѻͣҪڷʮ죬Ūˡ
ľ̺ëëŪ⼸̶ѾǰˣѾľˣëëӳ̳˷档
ӺֻͷԣûзŹһڡҳϧЩ꣬ٳԾҪʮˡ
극ɳϣëë浥𾢣ľĥʳƷҲ̫ˣҲܲð׾һЩҩơƳľƣʵЩ˷ҩĺ͹ӡ
׾ͿһˣŪʮ׾ƣһ㣬պøŮǺȡ
ľɽææµµĹ죬֪ߵĵڶ죬ξȥˡ
磬ľѲӵˮ߲ˣٳԲĶǣļһ㣬ġܲˡײɶĶԣ⡣
ȥ᲻ע⣿
ˣָܵʦʿ˵Ǳ֪ġľˣӶ÷˿סˡ
ı˳ӷıóһ廨⣬еȽⶳ˵ҪȻ˵ʦбɽɡ
Сʱ̫ɽˣ˽ⶳãľ廨⡢Ǻ⨺ң϶ſڵϻСʱܵɽ¡
ľӹƻû¹ľһ·Сܻؼҡ
̣Ҫ÷˿⡣
ľεĽӹľ̵Сûļʦôͽܵģ⣬÷˿ģҲ˼ҹ궼һԵ⡣
Ҫľ֪ʲôһҪ˵ԡ
ľ̴ԽǰôһʣǰɽϣżûùڲſʼġҪ˵ɶţѼ㣬ԺһԼⶼС
ˣ⻹ܷųˣľ̵ıͲǸӹľϸˣٶණҲûм˶彡Ҫ
ԣϣľҳϰ׷÷˿ˣ÷˿Сʱľ̶СʣϰԵڳſڣһһסСӡ
ˣľľӼһ룬ϻʱⶼˡ




23.   23 Ǵҩ


ľ̷ֺÿӣҸѽԡ
͵仰أĿһµȼƯ÷˿⡣ŴĿ⣬һ;þζ̫ˡ廨⣬ԼҾƵĸβˣֱܸ
ǳԵĶԲһ죬ľ̾һҲôʦԡ
һ˲źú£ü˹Ϻӣɶءľӵۡ
ľоҪĶ㵽ߡ
һľӣû
ľСһֱߺߣʦôá
֪ľ˵ҩ׼ˣľҲû󣬵ڶԹ緹ȥҡҵʱǸպó緹
ӻ֣ľ̹Թʺá
ҲֱӴľ̵ҩĵ
ľ·ĽţŴǽһװ˵ĳľϷʰɾҩģмҰɽθۡ
ľ˿Ƚʣû˸СһӦеģյҩġ
ɼǵһʮɽζŵûҩЧˣβһ۵ҩơ
֪ҩϰߣûŽľڿϣȼҩģĥɷۣҩ飬ں
ںһʱľ̲ԾĴӦʱѾһҩӣľ̸Ͻץʱ䣬
ľһһ죬̧ͷɫˡ
õաðֹкҩһңʮ⻹ҩĽҪȻʮҩģҩԿ϶᲻
ľ̴ҩӴֶ龭ˣĴվ⡣
οҿˣҾ˵̳˷ټͷƫ˵ҩܴšԹΡ
ľҡͷүүȷʵܴţҪȻҩͲô˳ˡ
ҩ·뵽һ֮ľ磬һȻżҲһջһûԷڲžö˵ץצצ
ϯ῿СѾͷллˡ
ϼ¼ıľֱ̼С²ۣ֪ԺĸŮúӡ
ĳҩңҶ˱ǩԼ裬ʮǷģҩЧûдۿۣġľĵġ
ѹͲľⷽ츳ζԶ˵һΪֻóʮңû뵽Ѿͷô
ҹЦŵͷڵʱһһǿ
ľҲǫˣǿҩЧ
Ҳƴǣһţ󿪷ҧ˽Ĵ硣
ľЦˣУȻؼˡ
˷ٻؼҰɣȥ˵
ľ̼֣ķ
УԺء춼ˣȥ㡣緽ľ̻ؼңϯ׼õİں档
ľңһӶڣ÷ľӻ׼׼ȥҽء
緽Ц˵治˼æڣһСǧƴǣҪǶ˼ˡ
緽ݾܾľҲû˼գľţһͷľѾ͵ıˣͷ̧
ˡ
ľҿ͵Ķáһϴεˮǣһۺɫ黨ʮǮ
һԥҲ͵̫һɡ
ľҲͷڴżҪһðҩɶҲ͵ԼֵĲˡɽϲɵĢɶģⶭ˵ҩ࣬˼Լҩģ̾ͳѡ
¶ȴ˵ҩ򲻵صҽա̵ҩӵձһ֪⣬ǵĸĻ֪ҲµطҪھǡϺЩطջ֪ء
ںܶ಻ȱǮ˵ҩŸֵǮҶڶ˵лҲûʲôزصġ
ľ˯˲棬ѹЩɴһ˯ʵС˼ˡ
ڶ죬ľûţڼҸѧ֣ﻹһĥҩʱĸܡͬʱҲãȻëë˵ҩӲһ
ǰΪѡҩҩԶ١ûҩرմմϲءҩʱȻԤҩ飬ַҩӲҩЧãһҩЧӳɰ
ľʱо飬ͽʦɽÿͷ޼Ǳֲᣬºоʲô۾̫ţƵ¯ǿʶеȼҩɶҲ
ΪɶΪڵȼʵ̫ʦҪΪҪȻһˣһ룬ͼɶأ
ľֱ̼ɳϣֲϱʦ˵͵зɵС˵̫档
ɲǲõϱ޼û
ͼǿһҪۣܴﵽż뵱ﰡ
ľ̴ɽҵķѾ޺ˣ˵ҩȥ
Ǩ¾죬ľȫȥԷǼңֻҡңһˡ
ľ̲ڵ¶緽Ů˵ľô졣
죬¶緹ʹһȥ˶Ұæ
Ҫ׼Щʲô
ľ̿¶ŮʿرȻǵĺ˼ҷе㲻ϰߡ
緽û뵽ôˣأ׼һЩżЪЪ
ʲô˶У̰æںüԱһ߲ˣټһЩʳӦùá
ûһҲˣľĬĬ۲һȺŮ˵ȺϷߴߴĵ֣̺Ͷ˵Ϻ
ľмʱľ͵ˣ˵ģҲ˵Ϻ±
æ𣿡
ľŤͷϯῡ
ţеæ
ϯ¶ɫǣܲ鷳ʦһҩ裿յһЩҩġ
ľ̾ɶ˼ǾҩӲã
ûûСϯϻش𣬡ҡϴҩɫã㡣
ľһû£¶ǿˣҿľֶ˵㲻ʦҲġ
ϯ῵ͷ˵ľ̵ʦǲˣҲɽ
㻹Ҫʲôҩӣ
Ҫ裬ֻյһɽΣ㿴٣
쿴˵ɡ
ϯ῵ͷ֮ǰõҩ͸ˣ⹫˵ҩңɴλٶ㣬Ҳͬ⣬ڡ
ȥҹϵȥǱ˲ΣǵطҵƷϳ˵˲Ρ
ķʳĺܴһ˼лع⡢㣬ҳԵ͡ƽʱ˽̵ĺãľһȺ޳໹ѿ
ڶһ磬ľ̳ԵıģҪæľŶӶ׼ҩĲ࣬ͰҩӶˣƺҩҲԽҲйϵ
ɽֻһãҪһ㣬ʮ裬ճҩʮ
õһҩ裬ϯ῵ڶ첻ˡ





24.   24  ѧСäѧ


ϯߺû죬ʱ£ҵľҲѧУ飬ֻʣľһС˵겻Ҳûйϵ
ľӲ룬ٹＸһĺȥȥˣСŮڶСѧ۸ô죿
ڹСѧľǶޣµ޶Ƥĺܣ۸СĺӾľΪԺǣľȥ顣
ľӺͼ󣬴Ҷͬ⡣ľѾʶܶˣϿγ̣ѧѧиչˣ˶ġ
ǣľ̲ˡ
ȥѧУ죬ḻ̌ż֣
ҲȥѧУЩ޶࣬϶Ǳ顭
ľӽ죬ľ̼װûľǿаżϰľ̾ͼУŵľһ¡
һˣŸջ㲻ԺǸäϹã㿴öŮﻹء
̸պԡ
ľүүҲȰҪģȥ黹иչ㣬ٹɾһȥˡ
ľ̻Ǳżֿ֣֣޾վԺſڴĿš
ľͷȻҲϲ֣ҲûôҰɡ
ľȷʵȥѧУΪ̫˷ʱˣǼҳɿҲһֱſżϣиǴӦҲȥ
ľӶ˵ʹӦ˵ҪɶӦ
Ҫľ̶ĸˡ
ĸû
Ҫʹһࡣ
ĺľ꿪ѧ꼶ѧϰùҪ꼶СѧҵУľ̲ѧУ˷ʱ䣬һҪȥѧУֻԡ
ֲУ˵˲㣬˵һ꼶䶼û˻һأզôأ꼶ȥУ˵ľľ̷ƨһơ
һҪѧҽأһҪʦѧأûʱ䡣ľ֣ľӰȥУ˵ͨ
Ͼŵ㣬ľӡһӵ˹Сѧ
һȴľ衢ľӢȥһ˽һѧѡľľȥʦ칫ҡ
ľ꼶İʦǡ
ʦãҵãμԡľ𾴵ʺá
ľӡһҲʦľܹμԣһ󲿷ֶҪлʦ֧֡ʦͰЦˣǸȥУ칫ҡ
У칫棬ʦš

ľеţʦУ칫ҡ
УǰҪѧľʦܵ
Уͷʦ˵ɼãСѧ꼶Ŀγ̶Ѿѧˣ
ľеţţѾѧˡ
꼶
ľ˼һŵͷʵܹУԶʡһѧѡ
УǿϸǿƽʱɼãοԳɼϸǲͬģԣԾ꼶ļʦ⡣
Уָһſľ£ûһʦžӣֱġѧۺϡ
ľ̵ſһۣҵľأ󵨷ʡ
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ۿɰľ޹ĵС飬ʦЦ
ľСŮС˵翼˵¡
ľ̲ˣҲЩҶġһǼ˽̵ģһǰļ䡣
ʦţľ̻ǿһ飬ҸҵģҶģҲӰɡľ̿У
һʦľ̿ɰˣֱ˵ȻϲӾжģҲ˷ѡ
ʦǶΪС棬ϾŶûѧ䡣ֻľӡһ֪ŮȷʵдڼҾ;֣ѧα
ľ̿ԼȡԵĻᣬľʴһ֧ʳһſãԹԵʦӡ
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ʦһ䣬ôСܰôдд
Ļںء
ʦĿɿڴĿľһһдӣȻдǶرһѧʦѧǰСѧҵԵľӣĿ⼸ѣСȻȫȷˡ
ľдͣʰСʱľ̲ӡҪССд
ԭźС̬ʦľϺ󣬱˴˿ֱš
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25.   25 ·ֺ

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ľݳľ̸оռ滹̫ҪȥһЩССӡССѼʲôĻ
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ľľӣһžžĴ˼ʮѺתƵһ¥ĺ԰ɹĿյϡ
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26.   26 £ϯҸҹ

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ϯ῿ϯ󣬡Ұ첻ǰֿ϶а취һűҪһϵĸ˲Σʴ˲Σҩ˲ԽԽãԺкҩĿҩ衣ǣֻȥ鷳
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ŶϯˣǷҵ˲λûиءľ̿ɼǵˡ




27.   27 ¶ϯҶ


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ʰ׾ƣ̯ɳëëС˵ûҵˣֻûˡֻȥ¥ϳ磬ټ档
ڶ죬ľ̽ϻװȫǸϯɵҩģűϻϣߺһһܵɽ£·ϯɡ
ϯɹĨǵĴľ̳֪СѾͷǲɽֱġҲû뵽ӻô뷨
緽¶Ϊ꣬Ϥĺܣľ̳ˡ
ϯôϻ̻֪
ԭʦǰȵһֻϻʦҲͦصġ
ϯ챻ľСѾͷرסˣʱ·ɲǿϻɽ
ȻѾһΣλǱˡȻ˲ó˵˼ά
ã˳ְһҩϯɰߡ
ôŪˣ
ϯЦ棬ųıЦۣллľҽлл̣Ժõϵϯĵط˵۾ûġ
˵ľƬӶܳˡ
ľҲûƤûӣô䡣
ϯ˸߲ҵһҩؼңѴƿҩװСƿԺ÷֡
ϯһ裬⹫Ҹʮɣүүɫ˲٣үү˵á
û˵һ֪ܲǺöѵҽȲﲨСӡ
Ļⲻ𡣡ϯɸϽϡЦĴչ
ҾסȱⶫƲһۡ
أõĺö˼ʱС
Ҳ˵ûؼҸүүԣڳҲû£̵ҩ⹫˵ҩº͵ĺܡ
ҿɶûؼϯֽİѶװ䡣
ҩõˣϯҪߣ·ϻҪȥȥתһȦ˲鵽١
ϵʱϯȥľң˵Ҫɶģ͵㶫
ľһ£Ƥ̫˰ɡ
ϯһˮߣľٿǮֹѡ
ľ̵Ȼˣ̱ܡ





28.   28  ؿӴҰ


콥ɽҶˣأ⼸ɽ§ҶӵĴСϱЩҶɽͳͳëë񣬺ӲȣëëҪġ
ɽϵëë񶼱§ĲˣҶļ͵ջʱ
һһȵĻôܲμӡ
ľѾûСʱ׼ɽƣʱҪıľӵĴȲܸɽ
һ磬ľ̴ӲóԼСԹԵĿˮԺſڵȵ͸硣үү̲ȥ
һһһ׳ľ̵ıɽǵԼ·ðġ
ľ̹ɵӦŶ
ľӲ˱米ţߣɽȥ
ľҲΣÿ궼ȥû׽һӡ
ľ겻ѧľ˱ⵣӺľԼѾǴˣôҲŮˡСһСһô˵
ɽɽߣһһ˾Ͱɽ˱飬ջСӲ̫ˣѶûҵ
ɽϵҰﻺҰӦöģƽʱɽżܿӵķ㣬Ұëɶģֽһ껹ץֻ
ľ⼸꣬עѧϰڲҩ棬ëëôɽûզԵҰҰӡľ̾ϴɽӡ
˩ʰüһ¶кСޣ׼ɽľ̳ûע⣬ﵽɽͱɽĵСɽҵһǰڵ壬ƺܾûˣݶСȸߡ
͵͵οռĺˮһڻûȪˮҪһľֻҰͲˡ
̣Ķأؼˡ
أ
һУľСŸϴ󲿶ӡ
صңľˣḻ̌Ŵ˽ľ磬Ұ𣿼ӸĢ֡

ϻ˭ԡľֻһ̲סˮ
УϽϴ磬ȥɽץҰ
˰ɣҰܷɣܵҲһҿץϡľû
ľƲһۣץԡ
ľôᶨľһתǲǽëëæˣëëҿ϶ȥëëܶѽ
ľһˣ㿴ûëëҲ
ľ˵ȥ棬һ̾ˡľ̽ĽŲҲˣľСˤҲˡ
ԺţľľҪȥɽľ˵Ҫȥץӣ˵ϡ
СӳӡȻľҵķʳǿԣÿٳԵñɣڼ˵ﻹȱˮ϶Ӷʱ޲ñԼֿһڡ¶
·ңľɽϵķܣҲųţüһľӢӡľҲСŸϡ
ľֻϣֻҰҪȻһֵܷһȶ
ɽϣɽͱɽĵطȥߵĲСʱ͵˵ط
ľһ·ûëëڴӶϣˣ˭뵽ߵһɽ棬Ϳһ¶źüֻҰҰӡüһüС
ҲҪҰĢһҪҰӡľ˵ſˮ
ľӢҲøˣþöûˣ̺ãкóԵĶ
ѾͷԶԼʵ˼ѹû
ˣϽҰӰϻؼң˲ȫľȳ˺üѱҰݣ´˼򵥵ӣľľ壬ֵţһץһ˨Žš˨þӳľӢСһľ濴ҰҰӱҹ
ȫãľֻҰֻӡֱǴա
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ͣľӺ洫ģʶɨȥѽһҰСģСġ
ܡľľӢɽܡ
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ľ̡ľӢӡľͶӲС
ľĴǰмź辶࣬
̡Ӣ
ľҲˣϺľӢӺ£²˼¶ûŵÿʼޡľһضָҡ
ľӢʶݳ֣ľһѰľӢӻعҲٵҰʱ򣬼öȥˡ
Ұ顱һײϺƤ㣬һľӢӲûסˤȥŵüС
ľľľľֵĶˡ
ɲ׳ɽ𼸴ײ
ľҪﲻֹһˣ̵ַȺҰ㳦⡢⡢ع⡭
̣ұľ
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ľӢһס֡
Ӣӣұǻ
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Ұײһ£ײһȱȱ
ʱľֵҲźľӢӣûЧ
ḻ̌濴һۣٲȥˣͱҰһڳˡ

ľӢӱҰŵ
㶯ˣľǰ棬ұŲץסɣ˳ȥͷľӢӡҰײһ£һɶѵľӢӾֵķԼԽԽԶ
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ľ󱳱ˮʪ͸һڴҶʱȫˡ
ľԶԶֻСҰ棬һֻҰΧתµֻģʱǿ϶ܲˡ
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˶ϣҰԶķľʱҰ纰ëܵıȴľ졣
ҰļҰעľûܻؼҴ
ľһ֦ҰͷɨɨȥľУľһϣժҰͷӡ
ľӢڱŴҲˣһĨͿʼrapҰ裬㿴ģ˸ҳʲôãҿֵͦİɣƤô֪ϲ𡣿ëĲ֪ϴò¹ˣ߯ˮˡ
ľĿһ۷ŷҵС㡭
ľ׼ᣬһּ̻˷ܣܵңĵĽϵү̣ĸ˲֪զ¶ˣľһ·Сܵң˵ҪϱⵣӡɽľӺһ£ֶ֪·ɶ衣
ľǿҪˣһ뵽ôҵģ˷ܵ˯žԼܸ߱ˣҪȻҪҰ⡣ľᶨƵΪԼǸС
ϵľӼҵľӣһĵֵľͿҪľϣɶ£˵ҪȻһĵƨ׳ͷ
ľľӵŵ־һˣɽӺҰ˵
¼ˣǼֱ޷ˣϻɽǲҪˡ




29.   29 ²СõĿճ

ľСֹɽǻỹûˡ
һϹ졣ת˵ڸϽɽҪ
ԶԶԣϽһȥˡľ˵žܡ
ľ²ãһѱסȣܺˣҪȻҪָˡ
ľӼֱҪɵЦˣſҪɶ¶Ҳ㡣
šľ˵ɶҲóԼҵ⡣
ľ˿ŹӻſڳƤֻҰеܸɲͷҰ
ľӵһۣ֣ؼҽүүӡ
ľˣҲؼҳùӡ
ûһСʱľһӾ͵ɽѸ
ľӡľֵǰ棬ס󿳵ľүүһŲ˵ں档ԶԶԼҹŮҰƤ񲻺óԡ
ľͿɽˣõĵͶ壬ϴ磬СֿʼпͷģģҰײ
Ұƹֵܣ䲻⣬½ֻҰֻСҰҲûѡ
ۿȫˣһȰŮ½޲˽ӣԼͻ
ľܹȥһۣסҰҰӱֻȳˣ֪ܲܳԡ
ľ̿׼ᣬͷһϴҲôŸ硢ɽҰ¶Ҳ
ľӢر̴ģԼҪɽġ˵һ׳ҪʹҰɣұ̴󡣡
ľҲǸֵܰĺӣҲԼҪɽġ
ľҲһϴı飬ûչ˺õܵá
ľ̴ЦǶǺúӣֵãԺ󳤴ҲҪذ¶ȷʵǶдоգ´ǧˡ
¶˵ɣ˭֪Ϣʱ˹ȥرǸɽײĺĶˣһĳϿӣҼһ١
һҲӲʡģҪ˵һٰ²ȥ֣ȥٲǳԡ
ɶҰҪϿŪɽľӡļֵ̌һġľүүľ̡һֻ̧СһġľСñֻСҰҰúҰŪɽ
Ұȫ͵ľҴ󷿣Ѿŵˣ˼ҶѾϢˡľ߶ҵĻѾϨˡ
Ұܷŵ죬Ҫʰ춯̫󡣡ľ˵
ľҲͬ⣬Ժһ̨ϾͰҰȥëƶǣʰ
˵žͶľӴӳڳһʱ̨ں̨Ĵóԣպ÷ϡ
źˮ深ľץʱ̨שһбб̨ӣ̨棬ëˮֻ˳б»صظá
ˮտˣľӼһϲ̵б̨ϣֵһʹҰȥҨˮϽë̵Ĳˣľóһëӣһ¹ҹȥëȥĸɸɾ
ľ̺ľӢӶ¿Ľζޣ˷ܵĸ˲
ʮˣӱȥ˯̺ëҰڵϣ׼ƶǣˮֿźáǱߣľСҰӡҰҲȥëʰãɸɾĹڳ
ڶ죬˷ܵ𴲣ľŵʹζûŵ
ϼӶ˯ڴ󷿡ľľľ衢ľֵһ˯ľӢӸľ˯ľӢ𴲣ͷܣľһӦ´ܡ
ҲŸ𴲣ľڳ棬ľӢҵûп⣬еʧ
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ڿɲʲôûľˣôˣƾء
ľ̴һϵҰ𼱣ϳԼ档
Ҳаɣľⲻ⡣
һһ̣һۣԻջ𡣡
ľʵջ𣬰Сʱߦˣһϵļ˺ļ⣬ϱĴлˮ
Ⱥһȫһ̾Ҹѽ
ֹСĴҲþûԹô緹ˣߦһϵļֱܰ
ľӸȥϣʱ⣬ͷʱߵڴѲߵļСӡ
ľ磬һȥⰡɶ¶ɣ
ľһΣˣǼǼСӣҪ⣬ɽûһϣѰ˼ⲻҪп𣿸ɴ˳졣
һСĽľ磬ɡ
Ҷܼأ˭ҳⲻζ
Ҳǣֵá˵Ǹľүүͬˡ
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˹ЦСƤˣؼҳ緹
أġľ⴩ӣŵɽµļ
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ľϵⲻ⣬ۼô⣿
ľ˵˼֪ۼҴҰ
ľӵԣ治׼˵ۼҴҰ˵
ûһ淹⣬·Сϱƪ
ʱסľֵܸ˼ҶŵŨŨζкӵĲˣƾɶľҪԾܳ⣬ҲҪء
ٲмƤƨҪٴ
ľʱȰܣĸ̵ĳأ㣬ҰĢһС⣬ҲûôʢģϧǳԲ
һһľľľҲӲˣǽ߿ǽվĿϵԽԽ١
ľ̶ˣľͼľͷԣװľͲָˣʵʵվԭΪ¶͹ˣû뵽ͷںͷ
˵ߣľСһ㣬վһϵԽԽ٣ίĿ꣬ϵҲûˣһʱ֪ǲǸüޡ
Ա죬ľţҹ
ʵʵߵľǰͷվһš

ɻῴɫ
Ժɽ
ˡ
⣿


ѵ൱̰
⻹׵ݸ⣬һ磬ֻ˳ԣԼֻĬĬʿˮˣ׺ݵҧ⣬ɨҶһӵ⡣
ľ̻ڵҪ֪ô⣬͵͵۳ѵ
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ߵʱľһᣬΪľҵ¶ռˡһŹŹǡ⡢㳦ֻҰһֻҰӡ
Ū⣬ҰһһֻҰҰľֻҪһֻ
˵Ǵ󷿴ҳˣǶֵܣľԼ⣬ֵָ¶ľźãҲװʹƹƹȥġ
ľһһ߻ͷµ⣬ǵһҪԻع⡣
һѾ˳ԾûĶӣҪǿã˵ˣһ⡣
ľԵסƨɣСȥ׷硣
Ϊ˳ƨɲ򣬽һҪúÿԡ





30.   30 £СľҽԵܡ

ľľ̵ֽѧУΧѧΧãĴѧУôһС
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кһľཱུЦľһѵ׼
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ΧĺӹЦû˰ľ̵Ļ档
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ʦɤӣָ˽ԱʱӵһΣľͬѧ
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ϰ㳬ˡľסʣһ׼õӡ
ѧһ±ƣ֪ɶ
ʦҲûö٣ӿѧ֪ôѧ˰ѧڿλǵһμֻϣ㣬С֡
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ľ˳˳ĿԣŸؼңһҲ֪ʦ
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һۣѽɹõ·۵սճ֣һĵľƨϣˣִԺóԵġ
ľЦе¶С
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ϯ»ҽԺһ彥ָڲĵ£˵˺棬Ҳ念̩
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ϯͼ֣ﻹһƿɣҪһƿ
ТӣôƿҩҪɶֻèܸҡβءϯһ¥ˤš
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һ㣬ϯɻԸģ˼ƿӣװ˼ƿһһСƿ
ʣµЩҩأ
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̣ûľӢԺſں
֪ľҴҪȥسǣľӢҲȥľ֪Ҳ֣ľӱСֵԴۣ淿ۣˣҪȥһȥɣҲʮûȥسˡ
ľԭسǵˣΪ˼޸ľӣͼŮӳĸĸϾϵ֮ûȥسǡ
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ľϱģ˽һ죬Һӳ緹ܹܹȥżŵĺܡ
ľ̲ĳ緹̵ļԣһڸ·ľһĸŮͷӡ
ľرϲŮ߸ͷĵùŮϵͯƵġ
ľүүľ̽Ҳȥľһ޽ǵͷġһҪȥȫҸ
ʱ仹磬ϼҪһռľⱲӵһſڴߺһ·ϻرûˮ·ȫƽ·Ϊ꣬µĶǿӣƨɺȫһ˶ߵĻҳ·żܿ˼ңéݡ߷
سǣ˱ö³Ϳ˵ڳվСùһӡľǰ˼ľ࣬ǽȫҸպҲϢգɴһж
ֵĵݣұһӣҪ˶žѡ
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ľӡľӡ˼ƻ˵ĺգ˷ֱգľӻ뵥СŮһš
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ʦһ䣬Цһ
ꡱʱ䶨1965һ̡
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Ը̾ĸһˣȫҸҪѳ޵ŮϡԼûչȫҸߣûչȫҸɡ
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ƱǵӰɫӾ˶࣬Ų£Ӱʱ䡣
ѽ
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ϲǸžӢ°

ľ̶ľӢӺľӰ²ۡ
·гľһЩ߲ˣһŸǮ
Ӵⲻ𣿼ʮҲҿ




31.   31 Լҷ޺ø

ľ̿˵ˣһ˿̱üˡ
Ӵⲻ𣿵ҽ㡢ҵĳҿɶǵأǵãʽַھѽʱô˵ģϣɶϣʶȥĶѽ˵⻰ģ
ľˣ衣
淿˵ģ̲ס
ߣô˵һҺΪܵȢϱͷ㲻˵˵ûĵĻҪ˵ѾͷƬ͸Ͱ
ĺܣΧ˶⻰ЩŮһ˵ĿС䡣
ӴѾͷƬӿסӻסģǽĶӾȢ˼Ҳû˸˵ְɡ˵һŮɣһŮһٿǮҲٿǮ⻹ѽҲ·úӵҰٸľҺ𣬿ҲĹȡһҪߵ沣׺ݵĺһۡ
ľ˶࣬е飬żߣһ䣬һȺӣʲôѽѾͷƬӻҺҶӱȣޣ
Ӵû߳ͱľ׼ʱӳȥʯͷϣһˤڵϣ˭ĸû̵Ұִվﲻ
ľڴ˺װû
·һ˵ĸŮ۾۾ӲǱӵһ䣬ӴҿɿˣǸеģ͸ӽͰѾͷƬǲѽŰɡ
㡭
ΧһЦľɩ˶ؼҡ
ѽԺúùӣһǾĵľľ֡
ľ۾죬ϴЦġ·ôЩԹɢˡ
ã¥ö˶ŵӡ¥ɹ̫̫ã¥·Ųӣɹ̫ˣгϴͷĸŮһɹ̫һЩҳ̵顣
Ӵľˣ
˵ľ¥µھӣӡ
ľЦӦɹ̫أҰ棬ؼҳԸ
ܴ迴ľŵײˣۼĻľֵﶼءͳˣǽİɡ
Ǹãľӳ˷¥һɹɹ̫
ľº͵Цǿ϶ãЩҲлЩھչŮŮһҡ
ӿˡ
һףľ¥
ɹ̫Ŀˡ
겻ѣ㿴ľ߳˺Ӷĺܣˣ
ɲ˵ľֵܶǳбҵҪ˵¥кöСӹﻹǳбҵأ
զǣ
Ҳһã㿴ǰ꣬¶ٻҵԵģ㿴ǣݸҲԵģжġ
ǣֵɣôһкüɡ
㲻֪ɣľֵܽĴβ͵㶫˵Ǽңһ¶ԲϼƬġ
ľӹ治
Ҫ˵ľá
Ҫ˵ã̯ĸĸֵķӶûסľ飬˾Ӱģ㿴˼ӹζġ
⻰˵öԣҸ˵
ľһĸ֣ݽ٣ľ⿴˿ҺùùûŮҪȻҪڿˡⷿӣǹùáø˼÷ֵһһһһġ
˵Ϊ¶ҲԼǱ߳һġùøסľĵ䣬ѹøֵһһáˡ
ľ̺ľӢֵ棬ľࡢһڳ
һַһ⣬һϴɾڹţһܲһҲ˷ˮİܲ㣬һлúܡ
ľôһҨףҪԸɷˡ󵽰죬ÿڷףϸӣú¯С죬нƵĹͳԡ
淰йһ裬г磬һٳٷũһգӣζݡ
⡢㳦Ƭ룬һܲһٳһײˣˡ
ľгóƿȵˮŵϡ
ϲˣԼҿ϶˲ˣȫǲ㡢㡢׷һӳľүүľ̶ûʣվųԱ߳ԱģҲĺܡ
Լҵζ͸Ŵ棬¥Ʈʳζ֪˾·СԼˮ
һٳԵģֱĸʴۻԵĺãСͺģӶԵˣҪһܲ
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ľ̴ȰĿС´żңż⡣
ľѹТĶӡ
ԽС컪ⲻ𣿡
컪Ʋ죬ۼͲˡ
ӳޱĿ컪һۣ컪Ťͷ
ľӹһЦ˾˼ҽ˺ö⣬ȹ˾˸⡣
ѽѽ컪ֵܸ˵ĺܡ
ľſﻳʮһӺгļͥգԱ˯ľĴŹǷ֪ʲôʱ˯˹ȥ
ľѹѾڼĴˡľ̶ëͷ̫ɽˣˡ
̸ˮڳ´ɱԼȥȡ
˶ڣֻүүԺ౳
ľ̺ˮоˡܵ£ſүү౳үүҪһһıҾҳ˱Сˡ
ľүүһЦãүү¸̱һÿı
ľͷ
ߣϯɵķС֣æ
֣磬Ǻ裬һһŮӾͱ֣Сָ֣꣬˹ϵ֣ԼĶӣ֣ҩ֣һӡ
֣ǸĿģ֣ǰһ˵ĸҽԺҽãִ֣֣ȥǶûɶЧҩоˡ֣ҲøôЩˣ֪װϹϹ¶¹ǰ̣ôˡ
֣绰ϯңϯҽԺ֣ͦ׳ʵһСӣ죬ݵ϶ûˡ
ܲҽ˰ɣ
֣ɫãҽ˵һ˵̫ݣϿʼԴҩһʱòˡǺĺҪҲܾôǶҡ
ĶЩʲô¶ϯҲΪֵܣ˵ôɣ
֣ɫ˵ҩ
˵˵һ룬ϯҲ֪ʲô˼Ҳұ֤ҩǿ϶ǺҩҽԺҽʵҲ
ҵȲˣֻܾһˡ
ϯ룬ӵҩҪһΣǼҶǴˣӵʱ٣ȻƿҩֻʮӦҲʣġ
УҿԺҲסˣסҼȥܳԵö
ֵܡ
ϯɴҪϡ֣ѵĵϯҡ֣ɫû˵ϻأ֣һܲȥˡ
ϯɼֲ֣ӳݸ֣
֣ʰɾһųСҲҪġ
ϯ˵֣һ̯¶Ҳ޻˵
裬ȥӵҩ
ȥ鷿ҩҵҩϴߣﻹа˿ţҿдһһš
㻹Ǹɡ
СŸ֣һ¿ˮ
ϯɴүү裬ȳһšǺöȫүүǶүСúܣһ֪
֣˵һͷҩˡ
֣һֱĽĺܣþöûϢˡϯҵɳϣһͿű˯˹ȥ
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32.   32 ´ҩ֮ⷢչ¡

ɽӡ
ľһ˯ŵӣýľӢӶСȥɽˣľ̲𴲣·ĵ˳̸ڲС࣬´ɱӣڵСµģڡ
ľںԺʰᣬľʮֻֻѼƽʱɨĺڿ죬ҪΪԤһҲΪ˻ʡ
ҵСԹˡ¶𱧱СŮ
ḻ̌¶ĹЦ
̣ʲô
¶źɨ㣬䣬ˮĸӣ׼ϴ֣ʲôѽ̶
ͷ룬ͷϡ
ʱͷӦÿˣĻԺǾ͸ˡ̿϶᲻ɱ
Уһȥڡ
ӴɩڼءվľԺſڴк
ء¶ЦŻһ䡣Ӳ֡
ľŤͷүүãҰ
װɲôСľҽæúܣҿڼҵ˺ü죬Сľҽݹ٣ֻԼˡ
ھ͸үүߣϴҵĶѧ
ϴζ̵ģľڿռҵһ轺ģͣն̵ϰ˺ü顣
ҿҪѧô
ǰ棬ľ̳̻ӻС֣Ŷȥˡ

ڿϣַϣȸ
ľ͵͵һСָͷǲóô죿
վŸʲôָָߵӡ
ˣʵڲǾֻпˡ
ľһҧ£رзİִڶϣģĵͷ˼˼
ô
ľɤӣţͦõġ
ɫһ䣬ʲôˣ
ľ룬Ҫҳˡ
ľ̰Ŭ˿˳ŶľĴߣ˵ͷͦõģ˵˵
ǲеʹľʣ
۶̧ʲôģ
ϻ𣿡ľеС
С보ϵķǶ̸ѧС⣬ôһɲеϻ
ôΣ
Ȼˮľҧ͸úúͷϻɶԼˣôΡ
̧ͷһۣôΣ
ᣬʹȡ¹ءͥʹȡճϹȣ30ӡ
Źˣ㲻ѧҩȰҩٸϸôݲ
õġֻҪû⡣
ľڶҴ磬һ緹ʱ䣬ˡ
緽һ˽ݣϣӲһӣЦʣѾͷɶܵô죿
ҲЦҿУ¡˵Ѿͷѧҽ֣ڲѧ꣬ҩҲѧĲ˵ϻָۣ롣ô˵Ѿͷʦˡÿ뵽¶źĺܡ
緽Ƴһۣϻͳ嵭㣬硢㶼ֻܳϡˡ㽵𡣡
ӡ
緽װûʩʩȻȥ롣
˵ʵڻľڰûݣĿǰֻÿ㣬ʵΡеѧҺãܰһ
Ȼѧ¶ͦõģʱץſУļʵСͷڴֻмװˡ
١ҩҩʵʵ
ľСܻؼңȻͷϡ峴ˡͼβˡ
緹ľľӻ˯⣬һŤͷֽүүɫ̫ãܹȥүү̣㿴˵Ųɷ˵ķ˿ľүү߽ȥ
ĸѾͷҽˣֻҩ
СӺ棬Ծ԰ɡ
үүûжүүˣʱ˲ٿ࣬ѪͨʹĲ֢
үүǲʹľ̾ͼء
ǵģŤһ£һ϶
ľżͷӣҲ˵Ť˽컹ȥʲôֲȱһڳԵġ
𼱡ľӰסḷ̣̌Ů㻹ɶˡ
ľֻһֻԣصľ׵⣬ĶСëʳƶƵ߰˰ˣԺôˡľ̺үү
һŸѾͷģҶүӿ
ľ̺ߺһҰɣ϶˵ĺһ
ûһ˵أľһܳңûһˡ
ţľһЦѾͷҽд
ߣֻȱͷľ̲ҽҶԸʹҽ
ǰ£ϸ磬Ҹ㿴
İֵֻҵĽ۸һҪľ׵⣬ѪͨĺЧ
ḷ̌ѾͷôΣ
ʹҪȡᡢίСط̺30ӡЧ̫ãðġ米ˡ
ǸԵѾͷЦϸ硢Ͻ㣬ⲡ̾Σĺע壬ɶëǿɱţֻҪ֢ҩѾͷץá
߶ľ̵ĺܣβͣƶˡ
ľĸ˶ܾȡû뵽ۼôˡ
ǿɲǡƽʱľҩӣΡľʦѹأȻҩЧã˽¶Ǳ˽̵ĺáû뵽ԼҵСѾͷܿҩˡ
̸үүΣľүү˵ĺܡľ洫Ķľ˵ҲֻҺڶѣڼʮǰڶѡҽɲһˣĸʱ򣬻гģѧôգԺͲˡ
ľ̿ŵĺܣû⣬͸үүΡ
Ӹүүʹ쿪ʼľڼҴ˰£͹עүүġġʳɶģ컹һĦ
ڱ˿ľ̾Сצצʵϣľ̴δζھϣΪ˵ľүү˽»˵ҪŶ
ľûô뷨ֻŸ˵壬念̩ꡣľүүƵĲˣһԼҹŮ
һŤŤİû˵Ȼľ۾ﶫһһ䣬ȸѰɡ
УУһʹ֡
ľϸ飬ǸƼֲ˵ڡľɶû˵ֱӸҩӣҩģϸ˵˳ĥɷۣյ̵ȷ
û£ľḷ̌ľɶûʣһٲ绢ŮˣǴҽ˼ȥѾˣʱҲı䲻ǵ뷨
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ʮһµ׵ǰľɽرܻӭľȥô̶̵һ·֪ٹάľӣоһЩĸϻ̬ȶ˲٣һصϱ֪ԼֶŮı¡
ǰʱ䣬ľ̲ӵĴŮСϱһֱǵø˵壬Ϊ¶רɽӿռ˲ٺöǿռҰ۶װ
ľ˳ζ˵Ұ۵ζϴλҪá
ľع
ʮˣľɽꡣ
һľӼֱˣ硢ɩǳɶöˣ
Ҳǲţһȫģӡ

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33.   33 ·ʢ꣨С

ľӿʼɪ, СֶŮǶûɶ¶ô̸۵壬ⲻ, ľӹЦ
ֱܸɪ, ľѾ֪ǸŮūˡ
һȥ, ľһš
ɶ, Ƚ, Ƚ,  ů͡ľϵ Цղȥ
ľս, ľһ ҲŹ, ľһ , , һɫַ 
ѽʱҲùÿѽľһ ѱľ̡СѾͷС, ľ һ ڡ
ľЦۣ, ѽ, 緹͸ùÿ
ԴˣҲ˹øѽ
ľҲЦõ⣬Բ֪  ˰ɡ
ˣһȥľҶһ ȥľһȻؼˣľɵһ 鲼һ ǡ
ľȥװëë 費ڣһȥ, 裬⡣
УɶԼȥǽȡ ɱһ ͷٽҰмͷС ҰҰӡҰҲмֻһ󷽵ĺܡ
Ŷˡ øܵ  ⡢㳦ʿˮ
Ҫ⡣
һɣ㳦
Ҫ һȡ
Ҫþأ϶Բϡ
ðɣҪֻҰ

ľżһˮһ ż⣬е۴ ˡǲϺõⰡһ Ҫһû
緹ˣԵ ⡢㳦˿ɷ̵ һ ٷľҲԵ С͹ 
֪ɶѧ𷹾Ǳõ緹ĺóԣ׻û ׺á
ʰɾһ Χݵ 迾ûһľߺȺһ Ьӹľ һ ľ 裬Ƿյһ 갡ɶȱһһ ð
Ҳ ̾һ ǰȣȷʵԽԽùˣһ ʡ
ľӵͷ ˣˣ
ľһһЦ̿ɲأǴӶҽء
ľ̲˼ һ Ц
ľ̳ɼҲأпԡĩԶǵһ ŶǲǴ磿
ľͷҪ̶ʦƤӵ  ˼һΪǳϮأôСĺӾô Ҳýĺܡ
ţɶô
ɶŵ ̵ ãҵȫҸҵ껹ǰϵһءľŵ ܡ
ûôעﺢӳɼ˵Ťͷֵܣĩ˶ٷ֣
ʿԳɼֱСجΣֵʵ ǳɼҲСǲ ̫Զˡ
 ˵ һСѧ˼ҳɶñȵ ֱֵܼҸû˵ طͷʹޡ
ˣġľֱۡ
ƽʱ Ҳæںѧ¶ҪľڹܣɼŬֵܳɼΣҲнĿռ䡣
컪ֵܸϽͷ
Źӣֺ˵ֽϵ ɶģľȴͻȻһ £ǲҪǰ׼
ľ룬 Ǽɽ úõصһ  Сѵ𣿻ǺúùԼ ӣٹ£ܳ߸ߡ
йʳ¶ǲܷɣȻ ûȱԺȣǶԴʳ¶رִţû֪ʳҪһ ҪһѹùҪȴһ Щʳ
˵ľں˼룬ڶڶҲĥ¶緽ֹϯǱǲ˻Ϣб䣿ȥˣӹ 滹ͦ濴
緽˵ͷӣ껹ĻɴϷסһ ʱ䣬ѡ㿴ô
Ϊ˸ѽ ȵȣһ һѾͷѧأأƻǰ ȥǣһ꣬ǾͻϺҲϼҵķ顣
ɽֻܿɽһ ȣϯȻһ 
ϯ»𵶵 ڿΣɫࡣϯ»ŮϯӾ϶ϯɽŮŮϯСŮϯ˽ܡ˴ŮϯûڣŮһ Ӷ
ϯ е㲻ˣƽʱеɶ¶磬ֻ鷳ɶ¶벻ҡ
͸ˣ˵סԺ°ɣͷھǣ֪ϯã˾ھǣûҽԺһ ۣûˣҲĺܡ
ˣǼ޳ȥ ŮˣؼҾͲؼҰɡϯ»Щ¶ҲÿŮ˽СۣƽʱҲûٵɩӣҲϱʶ壬ǰӲڳ
ϯ˽ܿһ ۴ҵı飬ЦŻϯ»һ䣬֣˵⻰ҿɲⰡ
ϯ˽֣ܵ˭ҵ㰡Ҳȥȥ
Ӵſںһ 䡯ˡ
һ ˱˵ Ц պ˲١
ϯ鷿ϯö ϯ»ҪͶŮ˵䡣
ɽǺڲǲиεӵ 
ϯɽͷȷʵǣǰ ֪ͨڻûءڵĲӺڲΣȻְ䣬ʵϸһ ضءڲĶ˾֪ͨһ£û˷ﾫ
ȥôϯ»ϯɽ
ϯɽ㵣֣Ϊʲô
ҲܸΪʲôҲһ֮ˣҵֵľǸ飬ҪԼǿǰɡϯ»ɫ࣬ǿ쵱үү̵ˣ԰ְ֣еš
ϯ˽˰Σ֣ʲô˵𣿡
ϯ»ŶŮɫͣڸλϺú˴¡
ϯ˽ڹֹɷҲǾ飬ڹַ־θֳ̫ۡ
ϯһԲװźãò ¥
ϯ󡢶ϯɽϯ˽һҳš
ϯɽźӻصң俴ɷɫãɶ¶ˣ
ϯɽޣƽʱɶ¶һ ʣϯɽ̾
βӺڴ 
侪ȣΪʲô
ϯɽҲ֪Ϊʲôû˵
ͷ˼ֱ˯ʱŵɽҪֵİɣܲẦǡ
޵ ˰ɣǸе ˣ޵ ˼ҲǺ˼ңʱҲãŲˣҲûΪǷּҲǡ䶮ò࣬Ҳ֪Զ  ǲǾ ˡ
ϯɽҲãȵ˯ ȳϰ࣬ȥ쵼칫Ρ
ɽߣľ̴Ҳ𡣸ùáø塣 Ҫߣľ̸ɴϱУҩӣߡ
 ʱ򣬼˽ ҶһëǮľ̵   ëǮľӢӡľĽ ܡ
ľ̿ɲܸǵĽʣ߸˵İѹǮ浽ľӸ Сľ ⼸Ѿ  ޿ˡˣľСӻһ ӣһ ͨ͸壬ⶼľӸ ױ
˵ױ˵㣬Ҫ˵ʵڵǲȱЩǰɣ˵Ÿ涫ľ Ǹ˵ĺܡ
һ ꣬ͷҰףľҴ󷿡һ ꡣסҸ ˼żŵ ζļҲĽľҹúáȻǼҶòɣĽ
ʮ Ƕٷľһ ɽҩŹǡһ ݫľҴ׼ һ հסľ⡢СĢǳ⡢㳦Բϰڵ 
СſӶſͷԣüһһ ⣬һ ׸ɷû˳ԡʵԶ ûطװˡ
Թ졢ľֵܻеźĿһ ۰׸ɷݰ׸ɷţһ ೤θ
ľӣһ ӳʳ˼ҡ컪ֲֵˡ
ľ룬ֵܳˣżҵļ䣬ӦȫǺóԵ ɡ
ľת̾µһ ֻ꣬ϣ˶ƽ¡






34.   34 һҩǧ


ľľ̵, Ц˵ ʮ嶼ûˣ ڼ䣬ɲ̾ 
ľи, СԴ ľ̻, Ļص, ðɡ
ľ̿һĻϲ,  , 궯, ȴ, ӹöð
ֺ, ľľ̳, ḻ̌ С, ׼һͷɽ  ۴ ¡
 İ׾Ѿͺ,  Ҫץʱҩơ
ľСŮɽ꣬һ· Ը˼, ˵øҵľ, 궼ȥˣζûŵ
ľҲΣ զ죬˵Ĳɶ취
ľӲޣ̾ƫģùҪ 岻ܺȾƣƾɶҺȣŮԺҩ˲ù͡
 ˵ҧг, ʱƨߵ߶ȥ򲻴ľ̶ȫ õʱ˺ȥƤҪ ˼ûľͷ
ٹһʱ䴺ͿԳ˰ɣ
˰ɣľ ߸ͷ
ˣ ʣϷŹǡ⡢¹һͷװ׵ģһڣǽһ˵á
ȥɽëֿ˾ȥ޶ľѰ˼ʱҪȥ ŹǣȥһΣһ˶ԡ
 ˣؼҰɣҵȰ¾ͻҡ
ȥؼҡ
ľ̻ӻ֣ľӣ ϻıʧ ïܵɽ
   ʣľ̰ѱ £ܵ洢ҩĵȥԲ ŷźã ȥԼҪҩġ
˲Ρ顢轡񡢺ڡء޲ʡ١ţϥȵȣΧС¥һȦľϸĵʺͲ̫õҩģ׼ɹ 
׼ҩģȥҾƵӣһ̳ĸӣŨľζ˱ǣľԾԾԵ볢һڣֺһ͵ˣ ʵʵİ˹ɡ
ʱһʮҵİ׾ƣ  õһٽʣʮ׾ȷţɶġ
һٽ׾ƣһ̳ӣ һġ ˣΪɶá
ʮ̳ķ ԺִӴҰʮһҩõĲޣһԼܵƿƿ޹޵Ķò١
 ҪҩƣݾơơơݾҪǸ Ǻȵģ˲˲Ρ顢ڣ ǺڣרõĿռĺڣ Ƥͷ ɫЧʱܲģ ҲԺһ㡣ĺö϶ˡ
òƢǿϥҪǸ үүȵġ ɽߺбҪɽ֣ʪ أɽв˹ؽʹϥ һ ؽҲҩЧͺܲ
ڵ ̫ɽҩƲݺãһҩƼ ݵҩʮľɵİڱܹá
ľ룬ои ûһԴǻ¹һʱ ò  ҩЧݾƵģ ˡ
һ̰ʮ׾ƣݾƵĲӣó˲Ρ¹ףƺȫ ӽȥݺá֣һ  ˡ
 ˯ȫ 𣬵ͷ˯˹ȥ ࣬Ȼæ Ҳˣһ˯ڶ ʮӡ
ŹǷŪԣӣ ̲µأ ۵Ҫؼҵʱõȥɽ¼ӦҲûˣҪ ۡ
˳Եȫ ʯĥĥģϸɸɸֲڵƤôŪ϶ûкӹ۾ϸڸҲһЩ
 ҲӹۣǿơơƵۣ ǸǿֱۣݳƷһ ģһ︻ǿ桢Сף
 ռĥʳĻȥеĻ ͿСǿۣܷ¸ˡ
ճëëľһüһëëѾͳǵСľ̸ëë꣬ ϻ˰ ҵһصĺܶôϻ ڣľ ˽ȥ
ԽԽӽģľȫ  Ծתëëʮ׵ʱľͻ 㡣 ŨĿľĴŸ߽ݣ˵Ӧû Һɣ Сˮӣ
ˣˡëëĶľ
ҵ㣿ľƤҪзݣ˸ŨȵҺ  ܳ ߲Ŭһ¡
У㲻ȶһ¾磬㵽ʱˡ
ҲǣǸղ һϣ ĸоʵ ˬˣֱ ͷһƿ 죬ֱ 񫡣
ľ̰סĵĿȥ 𣿡
ŲһСȥʱҲŲȥ  ۾мֶ صķˡ
ߣ궼ңһ⣬б ԼȥëëСѲˡ
ľ   ȵЦݣаȫ ëëүСֵ
ߣʶࡣҪСһС֧⼸С ˳ƶ˲١
³ СӰ챱ɽߵ 
ľĬĬĶ ԱݣëëСͨľ̰ݶһС˺ëëܹ˵Сͬˡ
ľ̼СͷɶѽϽư
Сͬ⣬ ľ̺ëëϺãľֻоһӴ  ȥʧˡ
СŲ  Ũ½㣬ȫ ˣǻ ۡľļ͡
ëëҲæֻʰݣһ·񱼻 ۣϻ ҹﴩУȵ Ѿǵڶ 峿ˡ
 ۣľһӾ͸ӦС  ɽ¡
 ֻ۾ܸо  Ȼ ɽֻɽ Ƭҩ ȣһҹ֮θ˲٣ɽҲïʢľȥɽһȦɽ ҰҰӿ϶ȱɽ ĺóԡ
жʮĸСʱûгԶˣ · ժһӳ˾òժһ㽶ȥžöе
ȥɽ һȦëëߵ߶ܵɽСȥˣľ̶ɽ ҵҰźӱӦҲѼɣ ŪһҰѼӽ
Ȼӱ߼ԶĲ棬ĴɢƤҰѼҰ ӺŸ裬 ɽмĺһٶѼ
 ӱϴɾȫ ᵽԺ Բ ɹɹľ׼˯ȫ Ѽ
ңľóİĴӣһˮһЩ˽һЩĴϣˮɺɫϨ
ԺɹС Ѽ ȥеůůģ ľǣѼĵҪ͵ ЧѼһҪɹɣɹһɹЧá
ҳһѲ̳ɹɣˮѾˣɹõѼ ̳ ˮûѼٵ һЩ߶Ȱ׾ƣ̳ҸطķţһºܳԵ͵Ѽˡ
һŵѼ̳ӣĴҩƣ гɾ͸Сٹһʱ䣬һЩ÷÷ЩӳͿԿʼˡ
һ뵽Ʒֻжʮ׾ˣϢ һ׾ƣһ׾ͿԿʼݹˡ
ľ  ۰£ǰ һֱææµµʮ  ҩǱоҩڼ  ΪҲȶʱʱ򣬻רܵɽ Сĵطɴһȥ
µʱܿȥľʰ׼ɽҪľۡ廨⡢Źǣ Եġ̳װ׾Ƴ 
ëë ˡľСֱ״Ŷɽ һ䡣һ û
ߣëë С϶Ϸ ˣҡľ ߺߵŤͷ 
ǰ ľ̰ȥɽ ʱëëëëҲİĵԡϷɶȥɽ Сİá
ľֱ̼ˣ Ϸɶ





35.   35 س

ľɽʱ쬵, ŸɽɽѾһƬĵľ
ľ̾ϵް̫ȣ ϽؼҰ· ˡ
үү̣һ ˡľҵԺŴ, үү̶ڼҡ
˿ľ, ľүү߹ȥ, ѱ 
ľҲϹ , Ӵ, ôװô, Сѹ̫Ժ󳤲ߡ
, Ҳ, ʦװ, uҲûԶ, ҵɽµġ
ľүү˭͵ģҲ˵, ̸ һ龫
, ҳ緹ɽġҵأľһ·һߺľġ
µȥˡ, ̫죬ðġľ ľ̽ݣ ̸ һӹ 
ûһľһӳ  ȥģľ̻ϣ϶һЩ
ľ̸ һӣ̳˲ ȥ, ڴӶ¶ˡ
 һˡľүүһ߱౳һߺľ̴ľүүȻ СŮ Ҳϲĺܡ
ѽʹ  ˣҪˣ¿϶ҲСˣ̸ Ҹġľ
ã̸ ģ һڶӣһľǰѧ廨ġ
ľˣ̣ҵ˵ ڵĴأ
¹пվȥɽ濴ǰ ˵񶼿ˣ˵ Ͼԣ⼸æûȥŹǡ
û¶ҴʦҴ˹ͷܳϡ˰ˡ
˵ֶŮ ùãùҲɰˡľ߶ ѱᵽ
ľ̰һηԺӣɹ̫ůڵ̫ɹľͨ 泩Ǽ
ľүүŮ һۣͰЦˡүҲ˵һɹ̫һ౳ɸ¡
ľӡһ¹ ḷ̌ľӷ ͭһЦΧ˶ˣùŮ õ
ľ̳ ľſܹȥľһѱ ŮڿתһȦĺùŮ Ŷˡ
ḻۣ̌Ҹ ˾ơ
Ķأ
ڳء
ľӶ ľ̵СһڣǺùŮ ľӷľҳ ̳ӣ˺ڣǣӴö
ľүүҲŵˣҲĺܣ¿ѵúȵþƣӣըһ뻨¾ơ
֪ˡľڳһ䡣
һϴֳ  ˮһʣŮ  ˾ƣûģ
أݾƣ͸ ȵģ ȡľСһ˵
һĹЦ
ľ˳ԵҰˡͼβˡϹϡһëëεըסľүүľһڣ̵ĺܣ׾ƺúȰûũ׾Ƶζᣬ೤ľүү̾ ûȹôõľˡ
ӣ ﵹһ
ôúȣľ̾ȡ
ľӸ ﵹһľ̳˳ζƬ̣ö
ɲǺöḻ̌̿䣬ĺܣиõĶأҪһʱ䣬ڻܺȡľԤҩ Ҫһ°ɡ
һҲ棬 ľӵľƱһڣҲúúȡ Լǲǽһơƻ  ʮŴףʳ󣬺ö˼ҶӶ岻жʳơ
ȵһӶ˯ľѵʱѾ ȥˣľ̸ ľȥɽ
ľ֣̿ḻ̌ ЩѾˣľѡ ۵һСѣ ˵ǣе泤˵Ĳ ֣װ˰뱳ؼҡ
ľ̸̾ǼƲ˵ȱӣȻ ôꡣ
ĵӲľ̴ Źǡ⣬иڵ ˹ľ̻˰ȥûСʱ¯ϵһʾͿʼ๾ˡ
룬ľľ ˡߵңľӡһ ͷҲؼˡľµĶ˳ ϴˮľӿ Ĩһʰãһ׼ һİװ׵ġ
һʷ м䣬׸ɷڵϣÿ˶ һ׸ɷ һʹ졣
ǶԲһٷľĺܣûճȣһ  ٴġճĽиʦС
  ˣľӼƻ Ϣգȥسǿǰľسǵĵү뻻Ѳ˵ȥʣ˳ ٸ ľһ Ʋӵʱ͵Ҳ ˣӶϰ࣬ҰҲʱȥڡ
ľ̲ѧȻҪľӲͬ⣬ľ̾ͺߺߣɽѧ˰»ó ȥһΡ
ľճŪСŮ Ҳˣڶһ磬ľӴľȥسǡ
סͷ׼ܡ


·һѧУֻһңұ۾Ƭ˰ߣһȺʮ  꾾 ͷİڵ
߸ȥ һƣϾţ״˵үãߣүүˣүڽ̽ˡ
åһѧǸߴ󺰡
һȺѧȥ ΧŹѧУֳ  ʦڸʲôûأ
׼ߣ

ḻ̌ǰҵһĻŵñ ľӵȲ֡
ľӱ Ů ·ˣļ̶̌ͷ
¡ľί
££ȥùüҾͻȥľһ ֽǰ⡣
³ļľķּղԡ
ľӱ Ů ܼľſڣ˵š
˭
ľӳ ˿ڴ࣬ҡ
ľţľӽţŵʱܲ鿴
ʲôˣľȲʡ
֪զ£سǾ  ڴҶǣϱ鷳
ľ˵ѧУſڵĿ£ľ̾ҵúܣǳҲ̫ƽһʱڵ ˵Ҫ˵Щɲ ²ƽû  ѹȥѧУǱߣ컪 ҾͲȥѧУˣڼҴһʱ䡣û뵽ѧУֵط ȻҲ  ˣ֪Ͳѧˡ
÷أ
æļҶܻأ  ֵ˶ ˡ
Сֻϣ鲻Ҫͷϣǿɽ ڡ
ľ̿ ĬĴˣùãҶæ ȥܣ˭°ҳɶѽ
ľ⻰̧ͷľ࣬⻰˵ûϽʳʳҰ
磬ˣһǾȥ
Ǯȥг򣬼ǮһҲûϵ
гѾرˣ˵Ǹʱβͣ׼˽ľ̾
϶ŵԭ ֻ߼ۻǿ϶ʳʱʵȱͻؼ ģ϶һҶġ
ľ̲סʣ硭
ˣˡľ߹ȥľԴ
ľۿ ý飬ʳӦòôȱɣǵúʷû˵ʲôʳΣܾʳеŰɣǰɣҲ
ľû³緹ҲûԭƻȥУ űϿձһ·վȥڲȫ СŮ ·˴ȺԶ
ϣľһؼ֮ǰ·г·ǿõǼӵһЩսǵĵط ͵͵Ľףֻÿ˶ѵĺܣ İ˹ Ťͷܵҹյ˾Ͳˡ
ڻûרŵ˵  Щ˽ˣسԽ ԽأϿ϶سһড
ľӱ ľһ·Ҹϣľ̵ ϯҵϣ ҩĵ·ӲҪôˡ





36.   36 ɽӵļѼ


ص, ľſľ̻ˣľ Ҳ˵
ľ̾ , ȥժˡ
ȥ, 糴һ Сˡٷһ, ӡ
ľȥľ, ľӺͻͷݵ ,  ˮ, Ұݷ賤˲ݻҪϽ׷ʡ , ũǳƺõ ʱ
ľ˸ յ, , 緹һ¡Ťͷͷ˵, ͷ磬ʱҲľ˵ȥժСˡ
ľӺͷƬ, ֪ôˣ
ľ˳·ȥɽҡҡƼҵȼˣ˵ľ
ľسСˡͰܲ, ϡ, ľ̳˷ͱ һȥ˯
ʮңľӺͷľң һЩ £ûһľӽе ˶ˣľӹݵ š
ľүүԺţԺľӵ 档
ľ ˵˳ £ ɫʱûĵ ɡ
ͷ ż, û 嵽զ£Źӣôˡ
ľҡͷ˵ֻ֪г϶ˣϵ ɽҲ͹˲ࡣ
һ ˱Թһ䣬һæˣѼ ء
Ҵү˿ں̣³֪ƽ黹˼
ľҲüͷ¶ڿǴӳ￪ʼ ֪ɶʱᵽҲ֪ʲô
Ͽۿ̸ˣ¶˵˲㣬ɽҲ֪浽ɶԣǵȥ̽̽
ľӵͷҲ  ˼εɽ
ľҲͬ ǹǣ¶ ϶ܲˣ¶Ҿȥͷ㿴ŵ ¶
˶ͬ 
һ£ڳﲻµ С е裬Ǵȥ СѧУ˭¶ﶼúݺʰЩûӵ һ
ͷ֪ص  Ҽ СӸӲȴϡ
ӿ˴һۣˣ㣬Ǵӵ Żÿ £ɽ˵
ľֻʣľүүһ ˣľȥ緽߻ȥˣ  ʱ򻹴Ҫľ̼ӵ ·
ĵӣľ̲Ż ѾˣľһС廨⣬ӣ飬һڡ
ľ̰һһӣӰ ûڶˣľ̽ر󷽣ʣµ   ǰӡ
ߵ㣬һ˶ˣľе㼤˸߲ҵ ˵ и ѧǰر׵ һ ѧʦӣ֡
ľɫһڣμ𣿡
ľɫڵ ׻һƤһ±ˡϽҡͷûУҺúöء
ѧУɶûУ
ľɫеԥ㣬е°ɣѧУ˼ سǵ ѧ˵ҪʦǶ֮ǰ м֣һҷûǣǾ ˣ  ʱֵ 
ľľ ֣磬ðְָٰɣ쵽һͶˣæء
ľ룬Ǹ  ԣ춼٣ɽӱ˾٣Ƕڼæ
ľ ԣҪȥ飬ƾʲô
ľһ  ˦ȥľˡ
˰ӡ
ľһ ӣһһС
ľһ ҧһڣȻ⣬Ͻҧ˺üڣ̫żҭһ¡
һͶ̥ô ˣ컹һ⣬ôͶûˡһһһ߸ιһ
ľ ̫óˡ
ľЦóԾͶԵ㡣һ£ԡ
ľͷ
ľ̿ëë һۣҪǵٴܲˡ
ľľӼңӳ ʱľӶż ȥľӼңֵһ߳Էһ˵
ϰ˵ӣľӡľӡͷưȫؼ ˣ˲ҹΣգһ·ɽȥ磬·ӵ ӳڹ칫棬  ӵ ˣҶܾѰ
˶ˣɽҲϻɶҾͲ˵ˣε ¶ʱ˲ˣӦúǹϵ󡣶˵ Ҫ ǣСı ץβͣһЩóֵ Լ  ץҪ˵档ɽɨһۡ
ôβͣӵ ӳ 
Ǽ  ЩѼ㣬˵һֻһֻ Լ ô˵˺ü  ˲ʳܲ 䵽˶ȥˡ
⻰˵ ˡ
УǶũ  ޸ùܾ͹ܣ᲻ù̡ܽٵ £Ǻڵ ʱ򡣡˵⻰ɽ ɽӵ ˡ
ɽǼ Уÿ޳ ٵ ӣɽӻÿĸ ޣûг    Ҷ ߰˸  һ롣˵ز˲ Сޡ⼸ Ӻù Ӷ˲Сޣɽӻˡ
ɽӸŮ ԭ ҡҡľ⼸ɽӰͷ ˼ң˵ ˸׶һץý ಻  ˼ҲӰ죬 ࡣ
ܾ ԭɽޡŮ޶ͽѧУ顣Ů޳ƾܲμӹй˹޵ Ҳãɴ γѭɽ ͳ
ɽһӻ ӵ ųҹɫ ·ϣľӼ 죬˼ȣ ȫٻؼҰæسסУ  Ҳýлڶ Ѽ ϽŹˡ
ľľڶһ𴲣ͱ ľż١
ľżҲݣ˵ ߺСֵܣ׼ȥɽˡ
ľûԺžͱ ľӽлϱϳͷǼֵȥǿһĶص Ӳݸɾ˵磬  
ľˣֻʵʵ ȥ޶ݣһȥľۺˡľ ʵҲ۵ Ǵ磬Ų˵
緹ֵܵͷ˯˯ ʱسǳж  һ Ů޻ˡԶ ް  Ӷõ
״ ȻǺһе ŮޡߣѧУȰϹ֣Ҫƾˡ
ƾߵص һֹľñֱ ƾƨۡߵ ˶˵ǻƾˡ
ľ ãԶԶ Ϳ˱  ໽Уϴ ƫƫӲҳ ָɽߣá
 £ɽӵ Сۺˣˡ ȣɱ˵ Ѽֲֻץʱ
⼸˶󣬻ʳãڵ ߻һ㣬ҳҲ⼦ѼȻɱ ֵۣá
ϣľӡľȥ͵ԭϸ µװԼ͸ŵ ϯңʱ䶼ȥ ˶ûϢľӰȥسҸ ˣͷš
ľӰοطԶͶҲܳϱż
żŮǸ  ˣҿ²ƽԼ ȥ سǵ ·ʵڲ죬ֻ鷳㡣ģ Ҳұ֤һ˶Բǣ㡣
ľƲ죬˵õɣ˵ǣͲǣ 
ľƬ̣ǴӦ׼ȥһس̽ ңŵ Ǹ ַ֪һ ƫƧ С˼ ·ΣӦò
 ˣľ̴ľӣȥ
ľû뵽Ůڻû˯С˳ߣȥȥ˯
ľܹȥľӵ ȣȥ
㲻ͦϲϯǸ С𣿲֪ǳɶˣľӶСŮһ䡣
ľ̸о ·ˣ˼ֻϲǸҵ ҩģߣҲˡ
ľ ߺߵ ˯ر𲻸˵ š
ľ̾һ Ϩ˯컹Ҫ




37.   37 ɽӶ


峿
ɫδ, ľѾӼ ϵ һ೵ϳʱ˾һֻ ˡ
Ӵ, ô磿˾ľѾʶ
ͦ, Թ緹ûС
ˡ
˺, , û˽̸
س, ʱ仹, վֻǼ ˡľ·ƹС, ͣһ˼ҵĴ⡣
,   һ˴˭
Ϻڡ
֨ѽ,  ľʶ, سǺ  ߵĵү
磬Һү, ǰɣ , үܾˡ̬ȵͦá
ľӽ, һ ߸׳׳ڳ緹˶ӣľóţүһ㲻⵱˺ܿ꣬Ŵ 
үںϡһĨ죬ȥɣүӱ, 첻̫ƽϯ¶Ҳɶ¶
ľûж죬ӽ һֱүʼձ־衣
үվߺľӲ࣬ɲũҲ Щ ˣ͵Щ 
үЦЦȻ ʶǶѣ㲻öʲô䱸Ȼ ţɽİɣ˵ʵɣүӵǶ£ǣͷ ģҡ˵үʱȱдţ ץѱ
ľӵͷ УŴˣҾˡ
λ硣
 Ӧһſڣ˵磬ԭ֪ʶүеԺõĵ  
ľӿ䣬תţί칫ҡѧ УЩ   ·ʱʱѾˣϳɫҴϰˣй˵˶ˡ
ľӲ飬 һ೵ؼҡ
ľӻصɽӣڴڵ С ûİ
 С Цľ磬 λþӸ£˭Ӳ 
ľЦأӶҩû˾Ҽȥ
ǿɺˣһֱòﻹ˵̸ ء
ʱ춼ڼҡ
ľӻصң 緹 ţľϡ  һβˣһ裬ںˣϴɾڳ 
ȥˡ
ľ̻Ӧһͷɨ
ľߣҵſţľȥڽľ̿ҩ ľӹ߳ľѵõϢ˵ˡ
ͷ ҿһˣģ˯á
û¶Ƕ壬ˡľӴ ̣ˡ
ľĥҩ أӻֺľټ
ľĥż ҪһƷҩΪҩԺãҪʱ䣬һ¶Ͳ 㡣
ľɽˡ
⼸ҩ Ū緹СѾͷ 񣬶ݺݵһӡ
ḷ̌ǲеʦĶڽҺ ˵ ոջȥˣת ͳ ˡ
ʱľ Ūҩģ¶һĸŮ ݡ
ǵ˵Ǹ ðһֱϸĹľ̰ ҩȫҩӡ
ǹһС˵㲻úȿҩ֭ء
µףɽӵȥѧ Уѧ ˣȻ  ͻؼˣѧ У ͣˡ
ľ бͯûɶӰ죬춼ɽˣҩݡҩӣųԺóԵġ
磬ľڼ˯ͻȻ  ĳľ̾𴲣ûͱľ̽סȥڼҴš
ľֲ¶ֻүүϷʵϡڴڵĵ  ɽӵСӺһȺź챦˶ˡ
Щ ũ񣬲 Ҵ£һ 𺦼棬ǶļѼʱβͣ
ԣǸǷ
Ųһǹ㡣
ҿȥİɣ ȥȸ
˳ͻԽԽףľڴĴң Ĵ˶ɽϵ׵  ȥŵСӶûܵɽϡ
ߣسһ˴ӣ ǹռϷ磬һ˼꣬Ժűײһ˸åһ Ĵ ˳ݺļȥֻ  ֻֻ
ңѼĶȥˣզֻֻ
˸ͷ ֣֪ ϶ ûɶƱⶼⰡȥֻǹӣϻƤһ̵ľܵˡ
 һȦʳֻһú棬 Сļˣֻ ץ͵ίύ
ڽ˭ ֻԼ
ߣȥһҡ
һҾҡҺӶڼңɽˣ ֻڼҡ
Ϊڽ˽ֽ̫̫̾İѳ Ķ ȫ  ˵ûŹ ĺ·ޱ¸ ̣ˣ
ţ̾Ժ װû
ҵŻûסײͷ ܻӣڼҾȻ Ҳ Сүţϵˡ
ɫ ĿһȺˣ˵㡣
ޣԭǸ ӡ
 ѡ
 ѣҲûҵһ ü  ޣһľ̡
ʱɽϵĴϢһ˳ɽ²ãس죬ϾǼڽÿЩ ǼҶͷ һѵġŻڼҵ
ܵһ壬Ȼ ǼұˣܽԺӸպÿˤ
ܳ裬۸tmŪ㡣
سȥü ײûݺݵˤڵ ϡ
ؼӶ˾ᣬ˺ֵ֣һȥ˲ҽһ ˶ŵһ¡
Ͻֻһ ũһǮӸ ſˡʱɽǶѾϵˣֺڣǮӱСֱ۹ۣҲˣػͣ֡
ס֣ҴίˣҿǲҪˡͷ ľź챦ɫ
ѹûᣬ ίĳش򵹣ĵһ 
ͷ Ŀµĳͷ ͷ ҪҹȥԺӵĻưȫһŰ߷ɣˤԺ 
ľӺصĵܵɣסѾ˵ء
Ⱥ֪ӣϸβͻŪӸš
Цһ˶ҴգҰ˱ڶĶβͣɶ֤ݰڳ
ί   ʳûУһֻֻǻûץ֤ݡ˵ɽӵ˲öֻ
źüש߷Ҳʯͷ û뵽Ǹ  ģ öҲһ
㡭
ӣǹأ Ҵǡ
ĸ ŵģʲôʲôȨˣɽϢһ·Сɽܶˡ
˼ЦĿɽسǸίģЩ ˾ܾǹ 
ľӳһǣˣԱ ˣ¶ҿίܲܣܵĻҾȥϱûˣһȺȻ ҳƤ
ǸίˣʱβͣǾ͸ϡ
ɽΪã˭һ˵ˣҺһϱ
У ˣбó֤ɽȺ 
ʱĻ죬 ʲô֤
ľ ԹۿȥҲ С죬ɽҰ¶ꡣ
ڵ ϺߺߵǮӣֺʹȶˣҪ⡣
أޣҼ۸һСˡ
ͷ ˿ɽ ǰɣҴǸί㵣 𣿡
ɽЦʲôѹң¶ûʲô̸ģ㣬һӡӴҽˣһ һ ܲˣ Ұˣص칫ȥ
ɽӵһӵϣ ǷӦĻᣬȫĽʵʵɽӵĺӣô˲ע⣬Źӳһ ίһᡣ
ľ̺ٺЦȻ ɽӵС޶ĺܡ




38.   38  ׬һ


ȺСåߵ, 칫ڵĹɽǱˣ̬ȻǺӲģȥ쵼Ҫ˵ȥһٶ, ȥسˡ
ǰһŰӵСåڳվ, վ˶, ûһΧ , ˰Сʱ, һԱ, ίǱҲ Ϣ
˵Ǻ칫Ҫ˵, Ǿ̲סͷ,  û취, 칫һٶ, ټϺſֵˣƺƵĵί칫¥¡
³ίĸҲĵ, ɫڵˣ⼸ίڸ̫ǿ, ˽¶˵̫, û뵽ͱһȺ˴ˣ湻 ֵġ
ǣҪ鷳ƣһȺСåӲ˵Ǹίˣǹ͸Ա٣˭ǵǹ˭ǵȨ
ίϡ࣬˵ЩǶǵĻ, ɽһسǶеޣҵһʣǸߴСå飬ȥǣȥ쵼ȥ쵼þȥǣȥǣȥǡ
Χ鱻ȼ׷׾ָŴ󺰣Сåȥǣȥǣȥǡ
ίǰίأأ
ίĸ˵ȻˣܹһؿڱŹյˣǣ˵Щ˲Ǹίˣܸˮ
ľˣǺãͰЩСåǹˣǵͣ򵹡˵ǲǰ
ǡ
ӳ˵Ķԡ
͸ô򵹡
Сå

ίɲоôãͷȥ칫˻ˣǸίεСӣǲôҡ
յ˼²ãһס죬ЦŶί˵ЩСåƻ飬Ȱǹؽ˵
תЦŶԺ칫Ц˵ô
ɽװɶûҶǵġ
ίɤӣ¶ô죬ԱʧЩ⳥ɣ˸ͳһʧ
һȺ˷׷ǰ˵ҼҶһֻ˵ҼҶһֻѼģֵĸгһ
Ҹ߸˵ĻؼңΪ¶ˣľҲ ⳡ粨ôȥˡ
ϵʱ°ҹ˯죬Ѳߵ࣬ƼҵĴĽɽӵŮżһţһСŵŮﱧϹŮӣţȫĵص
ľ˯㣬ѣϣڳһˣ  ˣⲻǰɽǼ
ͷǸίΣһҲĴ˳ԱҪǼ鼦ɽ类ˣҲûҵ֤ݡ
ľӴųͷǸίˣΣʲô˼ϵ𣿡
ûҵ֤ɫҲÿϴЦ˼һȺ˴ŸίźΪ Ϊ˲ӲⲻŵǸҪŹ ⣬°͸Ͻ˵ǹ磬˭֪ߵѾôˡһǹ ԣлһˡ
οǻڱ˼Ժ͵Ҳǿģⲻ˵С͵ǴææŤͷԺ漸С Ǹ
СӶ߶µǰԣԲ𡣡
ǵ񡣡һӼѼƹ
ľӿӣӱͻȻϮˣЩǽϵջ
Ⱥ˼ģӣɽӵ˶Ĳˣƫƫܵ˺Ƥ
ľ ƮɽϽϴϻ
ϻû뵽 õĵط˷ܵһɽӿ񱼶
ϻ˷ˣɽ˵ϻɫˣɽӵɶҲˣתܣסԶĸɴֱܽ ˼ҡ
ûһ ӣɽӵܵĸɸɾҼҹűջʣسһ˴ľ
Ҷǰһ󺰿ܡϧ
һСӶ˵˵ ϻǰ ҧˣô찡
ô죬ܰ
 ϻĽԽԽ
Сŵ ƨ ЩԱҵš
Ÿʲôܰ
һ˽һȺµˣ˲ ţɽ¿񱼣 Щ̫ܵ죬ֱӹɽܵ ˿Ĵϻܡ һģϻѪҧסȣ£ŵ 󺰣ңҡ
ϻֻ˺Ŀӣңֻһ˿ڣ   ܡ
һȺ ɽŵ 겻Ĺɽ
ľ͵͵ĺٺЦüǰҶǰҲ³ɽӵλѡĺܺãɽ·ֱ̫˳ˣӴڹɽ£ۿȫǡ
ľ̸ϻɽϣ׼ɽꡣϻ໵һˡ
Сá´θӡ
һЦһ龰ⳡ鷳ɽӵһֱͷԣΨһ֪һ˱տڲԣֻǿľ̵  Ī⡣
ľ̿ɲܣأô
ɽӵĸŮűɽ ɽɽطǱأ˵  ɶˣǿɲܲ
ɽ˱ˣ  ˸ɽ
ľ˷ܵ⼸˳żյһûˣһġľ˸ײֵһ
ڶ죬ľҪɽϡľû һľɽ
ľ̾Ůɱϻɽˣ˾Ͳˡ
ľգŴ۾һ˵ʲôӡ
ľ̾
ϻˣûٿϻܲˣ
ټľ̽ۡ
ľӻӻ֣СŮ
صۣľɶҲܣһ·СŽɽҪúòһС
ľɽһ£ͻ ˲㡣 ܣԭΪֻͻƵ ߲㣬Сļӳ֣һС̨ס
ľ ĥҪëëٺóԵģС˻  ſڵֻϻ
ľر ժŵӣ ժһˮңŸϻȥϻһһԵ㡣
ϴη͵ľƣѾˣľİѾ̳ϴɾɹɣ׼ơ
ٶ׾ƣľԺѡѡӣơ轾ơ÷ӾƣһŪ˶ʮôûؼңƼ˶ˣһ·Сȥƹӽʮݾơʮơʮﲹƣ  ʮ׾ƣľӣðɣǸܲƾĿ֡
װϾƣ ˳־뱳ֹӣѾʢģöӶѾˣóȥҲۡ
һ·ܻؼңľ̸յɽ¾Ϊû µһ˶ڼҡ
үү̡磬һľ̽ İѼ˶һ顣
ľ˸߸˵ĽӹС
  ƿƣ·ڣҰ᲻ƨİ᲻
ɵˣţȥһæȻҸɡ
ľӵһһһɡȥ·ڰᶫûһüһ̳ƣǵ׵Ӱô 
ľؽĽԼľơ
ݾǸ̡ͶģݾƾͻŶƸ̺ȣԺͲˡľ˵ر棬´˾ СĻ
ľ̸ˣãÿȺһ㡣
ҵأɵԴˡ
ǵүүģ׳׳ġ
ľӿž̳֡ƣѵ




39.   39 ¶סľ޶ë


ľͷ, ֣ ֹȫûġ˵ľ̲˼ıľӵ,  ôҩأ
ľľڻܺȾ, ľ̸  һһ ӡ
ʱ, ľըһ뻨, ϸ, ĸ , ʼ
һľ̰ݾһһ, ľһȥ, Ǻþ, еҩ, ر𴼺ᡣľһģֵһ, С
һУһСһȥ, ϾƷɺϼ, Լȥ˯
ľүүľӸһƣľһ¶ǣ죬ûȳɶо ٵһľүүֱ̳ӣر˵˵ÿһСˡ
ľӼûϣ ȥľ̵ľ, Ц  һ£һҳζ
ľ̸ ľӵһľСʡŵȡ
ľȫⲻľӶԾƵȰھϲԸֹӣִ ԴһĿڸоͳӣ һĿڸУǾѡˮң ˮ ģǾһ ϣ 
磬ľȥڶҽľӢӣСӣľӢرһģһţһţһš
øˣľ鱾ˣǽȥǸ纰Ҫʼˡ
ľӢεġŶһһ޿ı顣
µС˵㣬ǲµ ˷˶԰šľүүŰﲹƣȥһѡľӡһȥ˶ңҪȥ;Ƶġľ᲻ã͵͵ӲƵľ̳浹ҳ統Ŀɹ˼ˡ
ľȻȥҫж ô ôóԣûɡˣľһ ´ܳȥˡ
ľ죬޵ҫİ
 Сʱľһ޶ãľ̿ʼΣһֱĵӲŽ꣬Ȼʼ ҵ ҵܳȥ档
ľĺܣΪ ׷ٶȣһдıȼĶ磬һԼʶ
̣˵ ҵľأɡûľ̾Ȳˡ
ľ̻д ҵأ̧ͷͿ ʮͷСŽݣҽӶסˡ
˵׾ưҸ ˡ
Ҫɶ׾ƣҾҪơһȺͷ壬һľͷĲƣ۾ˣôõľƣľͷô򵥵ó Ǳﰡ
Щ䷽ ȫԼ
ľһۣʲô˼ҽ ôãһ̳ƶ᲻ãҪһԼȻϵʦҲ 㲻ٶɣôôʦ
ľܲˣúúãУֻʣˣҸ 
ˣүү˵һ̳ʮ ƭͷӡ
ľۣⲻ Ҷ
㣬 ľ  һɣҲʣĽ У
Сľ̵˴Ƴ 
˸߲ҵˣ׬˴ˡ
ľӡľүүֻ֪ ˣ
үڲѡľ ǶԼϹ ᣬ ȫ͹ˡľүү ֪ͱ ЩСӺˣҪȻҲᱻϵס
 үүɫľ̸Ͻɽϻʮ´θ Ǵǲĺȡ
ŶǺ滹еĺȣүˡ
һľֹϱصס
ľû˵Ҳȥˡ ԺЩöһ Ҫס
һһ ȥıĽ£ɽӵһҹߡ
緹Եϡʱ״ۣľϲԣľҵ ţǸ ų׵ġ
̣ ӣҪաľ̳¶
¶Ц СѾͷͦԵġ
ľЦ ԶˣҪȥѧ

Ժɹҩģվſڸɶ
ҽ
ľ̶µİæɹ
ľСܽȥʼϿ𣿡
ûشһŸ   ŷдǸ ġ
ʾ򿪡
ľ̲ŷ⣬ϯš˵Ʋ̫ãϯῴѧûҵͱͽ˾ӣ׶һҪȥϯǱҲ̫ãҪ·ŵϵ ڻȡľ̹ϯϯ趭Ӱ죬ĳ֪Ӧò١˵һ䣬ϯ˵ֹѪҩǳá
ľ̿ ţСĵĿ һ۶ͷ 鲻̫ãƺڸ ͵
ֱ һԼľԴ ôôͺˡ
Ҫ
ѽ
˵ɶ
ٸ ҵ㣬ƣҲ ʪ Ҳ̫ ˰ɡ ž Թһ䡣
ĬĬĿ  ôߵͷˣôˣͶõɡû˵ڵ£  ϯ῰Ĵ֪涭ڶ˲ѹͷ˴뱲ӵô ﻹ֪ôء
аɣûУ ȥɽãʦǽвУ
˵ʲôТҲӦõġ
аɣԿʼϿ˰ɡ
ɫһתϿҲУԺҸ һοΣҪ һƿҩ 衢ɶģ͵ѧˣ
ľֱ̼ԼĶ䣬ӻˣ ɶ
ҧʵڲУһֹѪҩҲС
ľվʵڶԲҵƶϲĿΣұ˰ɡ
߰ƿвУСƿ
ʲôĴ һȱҩĵĸоԼɶʱ͸¶ԼıĿץסһ Сжʹס
Ľɣľ̸ȥϿΣԶԷ ĴϼҩӣƸðġӵġ ɶĲ֡
ȥϿδҩţһˡȻһһСƿʼҩ˶ ҩģ ֵǮɶġ
Ҳúõһ ҽʦզˡ
ÿȥһοΣͲһֻɣÿȥѧҽĻȥѧ۵ģ
ϲˡһɴͲȥľ˵ һšΪ ѵȥһڿΡ
ʱ£˲޻ļڡɽӾ ˶ʮĶ ޻ʱ䣬ĸŮûôȵʱ򣬾ͳȺӵȥժ޻
ӣľͷ󺹴ľ̻Ϸοˮ
 ȵĺܣµҲ ҪȻ޻ûˡ
ɲһϰһ ӣҪȥժ޻
ǰ˼˵ö   ɶȥˣ ˲ϣö   ر޻ƽ޻ȱúܡ
һҲ˵Ҿĥ޻¶أＸ ¶Ҫ ޻ µҲüӲ޻ȥÿ޻һӷһﲻǿ϶ Ҫ 취һЩ
ءľӺˮӵȥ ׹ӡ
͵ţľ Ӧô޻ģ̫˲ǵãæ꣬ȥһҡ
Ҫˡ
磬ûУ
ˡľӳͰһ Ϻӣһȥӱץ㡣
ϺũӱһϺĹߡϺ״һ з϶ͰͰıԵȥһӣʱϺ˦ȥ
ľҵϺľүүģ϶Ĵָ§һЩһЩϺɶġ
˺ӱߣһ  ĺӹˮݶ Ϻײ档
ľϺ˦ȥ СϺףһͰµڶӡ
һ  Сʱľ̰İ£ջһƴ㣬һһ Ĳ㣬⻹һЩСϺס
ټһЩˡϹϡЩ߲ˣЩ͹һٷˡ
գ̸Ҫ ϼһʳü壬ľ̾;ŶȥϺҲһ òˡ




40.   40 յϯ

Ӵ, ջͦࡣ¶ӹˮͰ
ҵĵطãǱ࣬ˮ죬ССϺ㵽ȥˡһȥ١ľҲء
ҸϽʰ, Ͱ,  ,  һ, պúʡ
ľСԴֱ, ǲҪ㡣
ľ, Ϻ׺Ҫ, Ҫһ͡
 Ϻǰ, ,   ȥʰ
ȥ޻  ˮľ̵ߵ߶ˡ
ϲñ
֪
ľ׿, ܵԶˣɽʱ, ûע⣬ĵȪˮ
޻, ʣ֮һû, طˣʣµĶǹͺͺĻ֦Լûгñҡ
  ˮľС߹ȥ
ţ һ ȡһͷֽ̧ſúܡ
ľ̰żСһЩ ޻һӾ;ˣժһЩ С, ׾ͱӲĻš
һۣȥǱµţ һ͹
ŶԹԵȥ·¡
һһŵĺЦ  Ů涮¡
һЦЦؿ䣬ҵҲѽ
ݿŴ ɱ˵ ҵģû˭ ˮ ǰˡ
һŮӻɲǰ๩ǳԣǴѧһܳﰲ仧ȥˡ
Ҳ̵ĺãгϢ
˵Ŀɲ
ֻԽԽá
 ҲǶŮȥģ ϡ棬ɽӿɲټֻҪر𱿵ģҲǸСѧҵһܶСУֻҪܶﶼ취
֪Ǳߵ˵һʲô޻ĸŮĹЦ
 ɽطյľɫɽϵĽƣǰһһƵ޻Ʈеɹɢζľ ֻ
һһ޻ˮؼҡ
ľҲˣĻؼңȻؼңȥҼһЩ ҩ찾ˮ οˮЧһЩ 
үүڼ𣿡ľߵš
̰ɣүүµȥˣɶ¶
˵̣ûһ̫̫Ժţеҵͷ·ең Ǹմӵ
̺ã ҵҩģ  ﰾˮ
 ҩĶǶԼң  æء
æľҩģкŻؼҡ
ϰ˵춼ھˣһ˲ڷǰ
ľ̿һƣ룬Ǹȥ׵ˣ ɲɡ
ľʱҲȥһҲ۵ĺܣȻǶá
ǿɲǣúö飬Ժùһá¶ûȰѧ
ľͷ ҪбҵԺ
ľ룬ɲеģ ͣҪȥ˰ɡ
ȹһգʹעⷹʳ˻˺ôһȦرľӺһ
ʮĩĻˣϵĵӶľ̾ һҩƣ˲¹׾ƣ Ǵ󲹡
֪СŮҪɽľ ¶²ܣɽ
Ů о壬þ
ƭӣһС⣬ ȥ껹
̰үү۵Ļ˵ˡ
үүͲ˵ðɣ
㿴 ɫ̫á
ѵ̫
Ů
ľܲˣˣˣ  ʮвУ
ľɫһ䣬Цݲãǿ϶У Ů˵Ļвеġ
ȱƣϴνɽŪһָľơơ׾ɶļһ𣬹Ƶһǧͷöܿˡ һʮȫûѹ
ʼûôƣϾֲȡžԽԽãʱƣþƴû
 ɽҲҪΪ˾ƣʱʱɾ˹һӳԵʳҲȱԵģʹƣԺЩ ϶ܻӭ
˴ԽŪŶû ֻ֪ϱиǮϾƹֻҪǺþƣǶۡˣ Ԥĵһͻ
صۣһ¾ȥɽ ëëС
ľҵëëͿëëһר־Ĵ궷ޣʽֱһĻȻ˫˵ģëëһǡ
ľ鸴ӣ ſǣѧźúѧϰϣҲɵɣ Ϸеİã
ˣܲˣֻҪܲˡ
 νɽ׼죬һ һľƣһҩգժһЩ ߹ȥڼ ˶ϰʱʱĴһЩ ԵĻȥ
ÿ綼ҪһµĽʣճĽиʦ˵Ĺעˣľʹʦסĵطǲиļ紺ɽȣҪȻզʲô߹ôáֻܵͷϡ
׼ɽؼң δʮݾơʮơʮﲹơ¹׾ƣơ轾ơ÷Ӿһһ ǳһ
ľ̳һƣ۵ĴŹ㣬ͶӦðȡ
⣬ ӡ߲ҲװһٲԾˡ
̫࣬Ϊ˸ ľֻᣬ۹䵽㣬ϻɽ
һɽ£ľһ 
յҵľӱ ɤһ ѾͷɤŴĸһ
ˣľӴһ䡣
һЦ һȥɣ֪ δʦҰ˶ٶ ʦҲ󷽡
ľ˵ʦ
 Ůɰ˭ϲľӵĺܡ
ľ̺ͱԱһſϣţʡ
ľӿ һصĶ Ǵ˭Ұ ǣ
ߣҪҪɣ
ǿ϶Ҫľע⵽ССľ̳ӡ
Ӵ ƣҲƣ
ǰ鷳أһһԡ
һҲʶ֣һƿ÷Ӿƣ ϲ
ߣȻؼңսѼ˺Ūһٺõģðһ٣Ҳһ¾ơ
ϵ ٷкüˣľæʱһֻҰ ľľ衢ľӢɽ 쵽ġ
һ˵˰̨ȼյž ײûãʹζ
ľӢӡľ衢ľСһޣССһһʵģ㣡
ջľܵõӣǲǶˣ  ǿ棿
ҪȫҪ ԵȡľӢնľܾ
ľ̡ľҲҡͷǿɲԺģԺóԵġ
һСʱ󣬷㡢ռ峴ţƤˡһ¾Ƶλžˮ ôʢһͣһꡣ
һһĳԲˣ̵ĳż ơ
ľԣ÷Ӿúȡ
һҲͬ⣬ Լֵһ÷ӾƣУ ôҲľ
¶ˣϲ轾ơ
ľүүľӡľүӣ겻İƣ¹Ҳÿ˺˶ʵ٣ʡźȡ
Ҫ˵ɣǰӲùʱûкþƺòˣһٺ׺Ҳܹȥ˼Ҽ æĸ ƺȣϲòˡ
 Ϻþˣ ˼ԷȾƣڻ˼ҵľơ ӹ̫ˡ
ĳһ٣ľߵʱ򣬻Դľ̳װˡľӵĲ̳ӣĿðľССĺһڣŸϸӡ
ľƿӾСˣֻװһݾơ
 ٷ˵˳극ϴѾʮˣ ľѾֿס˯ϮѾ˯˹ȥ
ڶ𴲣һ죬Ͼŵӣ̫Ѿˡ
þûȥϿΣľװŸðҩ緹ȥҡ
ӴʧѧͯعѧУˣ
װţţ纮ðЧʵͯۡ
ҲҪɶӣһãһš
ľ̲죬˭ СдţҲûݡ
ӹţüһ ţȫһСһ
 ϯСӸ ġص  СӸ  дţÿζᵽ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ݣ˵ ҩʲôľ˺ŷ⣬һľȻȫǮôһǮһűš
 ҪҩǮ룬϶ҩ





41.   41 ¼񵽱

㿴֪  ˣ
ľ̴, ǰһ˵ ׻ʺ  úòãֿ ҩԽԽá˵ص㣬˵һЩ ֹѪҩ, ֱĵַ,  һЩ ճҩ, رǸո ð ҩ, Ǽĵĳũ, 豻·ŵط, ˵û ҩƷ
ſ, ľСĵ ̧ͷһ۶
Ҹɶ, ֪   , Ȼ·ŵطϸĵ, Ҳûɶ˵ 
Ҫ ︺ľͷε ˯ţϾ¶ Ҳ ϵ
ɶ, Ǽз磬ϯ鷳, Ҳ 鷳, ϯҵ ¶ʲô¶ţһ仰Ͱ ϯƲˡ
ϯ»ͷ ׼˼Ҫն ·ɲ˭˵˧ ӶȥͷھָӴ֡
ľ̾ ´û뵽 
ɿһʲô ҩ׼ø, ͳȥ
˰ɣ ɶҪ͵ ҵҵȥġòҵһţʱȥСı¶׶಻㡣Ҷ һȻ˺ܶ࣬ Ǳ˻ó
ʲôʱȥͣ
ɣɽȥҩ ôǮ϶ˣǮҸ㡣ľһǮ׼ٿǮ  һ ǧǮء
ø㣬úţ϶ҪһЩ ҩ͵ǰ ҩǮ
ҲУλϲϰ
ϣȥŪҩ ߡ
ǰ ҩҡ
 ôôһСŶ
Ƥһ¸˵ ܣ һǮܻؼҡ
˿ǮĬˣѾͷ ôˣ
ɽȥˣȥҩȥȥͻءһǮľһɽܡ
 ʱϻ ĸȫװ ǳƷҩصңϯ῵ Ҫ󣬰 ҩֳѡ
ϵ ʱ򣬶ڱһ  ҩƷ ¡ʳ ɶ 
ľ̿Щ ҩⲻǴ ӵ 
ɶװˡ ϡ
ӰҪҿˡ
С¶̫ˡֻǰ ͵үҲʲôա
¶ο緽һ䣬ҲżϯүӻأǸ㲻ʲôֽš
֪  Ӧò  Ͽ϶û ô˳죬϶ҪһЩ ࡣ ǸﰡСʳ ޵ϯң Ҳӣû뵽껹Ҫôһ⡣
ľ߰ ҩƷͽǣֻص졣
ľ̸ȥһһοΣʮ¾ȥɽһˣʱܿ쵽β³ߵ ʱ򣬴һȺˡ
 ӣ· ί쵼Ǿ͵õ طȥһѰ˼뵽Ǵɽľ Ӽ
ʵЩ ˴Ҷգ·ŵ֮ǰö˶ ʣ°ˣǻΡټ ɲ˻Ҫס ʳԡԣ ϵ ҹϵȺ˿ɲ䵽ô
ɽΪ֮ǰȥί£ί 쵼ѿҪ˵û ǼǵСϣ˵ľ ӲţɽҲš
 ɽľ ûɶرǵһ¶û Ҷǰɽͱȥ˹ء
ⶼ֯ţϹǴţĶסţι 滹 û  ֵ ǣ ͺˣǿԼȥҰ˳ԡɽҲľ 
ľ̸һߣЩ ˣ۴˻С һ˫ĥ  ʹ ˣڿԣһŮ˻ ޺һڷգ
ľ ˦ҲˣҲ˦ѣֻűˡ
ɽҲˡ
Ǹȥľ ӴȥţǱߡ
ɽӵ ţʯͷ һ 䣬 ι ţʣµ 䶼ι 桢ݣ ιţ ɲɶ 
ҲɽӣÿԵ 滹һЩ 棬 ӺҲҪʳ涫 ѾһȸЩ ס
ľ żŮ˸һЩ  ɵݡþ˵ ޱ
ƫߴһƽǸʳã ƽʱҲáľ żӿɾ ܣʳҲֻһЩ 桢ɶ 
һɫһ Ů˸  ͷ֪  Ժʳ¶ǰˡ
УЩ ţǴҸ Ǿ ɣϼҺ ߲һ߿ʪ ܣޱ涼Ҫһ㵾ݵ 
Աߵ Ů˶ѧˡ
Ǹǵ  ðҩҿ ڷգɲܵ󡣡
źӵ ǸŮᶼˣʵ̫ лˡҸͷ
ãáľ Ͻס 
һ  Ҳܸ Ժͺúù ɡ
ȥ ·ϣ ݺ ľ ģ˵ǵ ʱǧ ӻģû ʱ˵ǻء
 ˵ ɣҪ˵ͬԣɱ ̫ ˣץס ˣʱһɶءЩ ˱·ţ˵Ƿӣ϶ һЩ ǵˣ զЩ ǻЩ Ǳԩ 
⻰˵ ԣǶӳ  ʶ ЦŴȤһ䡣
ľ װûؼȥ 䶼ˡ
ľ̵    ͲˣؼҾǴӾ үү˵ ö ء
ľӱḷ̌Ҳ ܶ໵ˣҪô·ŵ
ľ̲ǲһϯǺˣһ  ໵Ǳ·ˣ
ҹŮ˵ ԡⲻ СҼҵ ͦ 뷨 
 ˵ Щ ǽڣǽʲô ľ̺ һ䡣
ľת ˣʾ֪  ˡ
ľӰ ŮͻؼңȥӰ칫ңͷ ԱôЩ ˡӾֲ粻ܿ ԺǲҪռԱ ɳˡ
ľӽҸǲοο
ͷվϽʣɶϽ˵
ľƲһľ  ֽЩ ԭʲô 
ľ ӿӵ 棬ѧڣʦ ĸо оɶʡ
ľǰһɶѽЩ ˱ҪɽӷⷢȰ
զⷢȰڵһڲ˶ ֵء
ľӼ Ǹ  ѧڡʦֵزУǽ黹ӡƽʱԶȥ硢سǣǶ һҲǸбҵ  Сѧҵ ڽǵ ھǽ̴ѧ ڣڼ飬ɲǼ˴ˡ
ͷǰһŶôû뵽¶ôɡ ɲֵأ˷ء
ص  Ҳô˼ɣҶ׹ ˡ
 أ
ʿʳ û оʵ ѵ оһũҷ 𣿶һ ϵ ¡
˼·򿪣ҶӻԾԡ
һڽ ĬĬ֣ǿǷӣ ߵ̫˾ٱô죿ɱûռűմɶ鷳
ͷɽɽҿ˭ô⣬Ҳȡ
ľ վ¶˵ΪҺãļûСޣѧУѾͣˣ֪  ʲôʱŻָɲ¡ҶǳԹ  ¶Ҫ 
˵Ӷ £ ˱굽ɽ仧 ö˼ҿ ʣһˣ˸ͷ ѧҧͺȥ飬Ű ӽ   һܷɡ
ˣ¶ôˣһȥഫһϢʮ㣬ٿֱ
¶ﶼ  ̣ ɡ






42.   42 ¸ķһ


ľ̰С ⱻľץס, Ѹʵɽ߼Ҵ˶ˣô  Щ ŵˡ
ҶԱķвУѾڼĺôˡ ΪС ַ٣󲿷˶ͬġ
һ ˵, бµʦ, ȥڵ, ǲǼ˷ʦ, ̣ǵأֱ̫ ˷ˡ
ЩŮ ˺±ǣ, ˾, ͷ ʶ, ڼһ, ũɶ,  ܸɶɶǰ;
ķ޶Իڴﲻټ
, Ϸϣһ˵л, ӻľֵӡ
΢е㵣ģ, ᲻£ڸίǱ߿Ƕˡ
Ǵ λ, ˽·ڶǴӺɽƹ㿴ίȺ̰ģҴӱɽƹ
ģ ǼشڵС Ӿѵ㣬ɽ͸Ͻ֪ͨ

*
ڶ죬Ӱ칫ҡ˼ˣľҲϻýϵѾ, ֱӾֱ
ȫƱͨ¶ ô ˡ
鶨 Ǿô ̣ нҰɡ
ӻԾַԡ
ҾþţԱһ һС ѧ ûУͲ޽ҡ
ã Ҳˣװ˷ѡ
ʦɶʣ
ҿͲ˰ɣý 
Ҳû˳ԣҪ ϱ߿ӵֵطֿǣֵ˳ԡ
ҿҪ ˵һ 飬˱ȥ˵¶ 
޷ӹҪ ȥˣҪ ˣǴ֮ǰȡѽ
Ҳ˷ѣȰѱܿңûʳҲǿš
ⶼ³ˣԪٿʼϿΰɡ

ߴߴ˵˰죬ͷ һһ 
 ƤЩ˻ǲͷ һĿ ôҰһ飬¶ ô  ˡ
ľһ£ȵȣȥʸң ǰҵǵ ڲڣڵĻͼ һҪ Ȼ ſʼ ģѧģû á
ǣǣǻ ȥվһЩ ʡǮ
пʣǸ׼á
ˣĶ䶼Ҫ ˣ¶ ˵ͻȥɡľӴ֣оҪ ˡ
*
ɽţ
˯һþ˵ ǰڴѧʷķڡ  
һ ʮҵŮ һȥԱҪ ¿ˮιĶ ӳԸðҩľ ġ
û뵽 طˣҪ ǰæҵ׳׳˵ۿˡ
£  ǰǸ ʦ걻Ŷ黮ϵӶҪ һĶɵˣҿ ǰһѰæ 뿪˾ǡ
õģż׿ڰο
׿һҲ㲻˳죬ʱΪǿΣڸշתѧϰ о 걸أʱȴӭǸÿˣĸǰȥ޶ Ů ǣ޹ңһ׬һ졣
ţԭ ΪҩҩЧãû뵽 ҩһҲѷɫָм ҩľҪ ׳׳֪ô 
ΪһʷĽڣʶɲ٣ЩʹҽҾͲҩʵ̫ θڡ
 Ϊҽͱ ҽǿû ҽﲨ˵ûУǿǾǵؽ ҽ˵ϻ˵ҽ
ڵ´仪߳ ֪ɶأͿʼţƤˡ
ڻЦùùҲҪ 㿴Ұʱô ң㱧Թ
һؿˡ
ǻˣ˶ʼ̾ر£˵࣬һŮ ˻Ҫ ӣ֪Ͽ Ӳ԰׵С 
һ ȱ붫㱥Ҫ ȥŪһô ŪӲҪ 㻯ѧоҶѧ˺ôһ档
׿̾С ̫ ̫ һţûù˭᣿
߹Ҽ¯ӣӦò࣬ɡ
´仪̫ ̫ Цһ˶ǽڡѧģһũ̫ ̫   Էƾָֻˡ
̷ڲ˼Ͼķⲻ̫ ãǶѧ
ǣǽϾ͸ʳԱģ¶ Ҫ ӹǾ ŵũиģҪ ȱ˶һЩ
̷˵Ķԣָһ ǣջӦҲǶѵ顣һû׿˵ Ǽ
´仪ЦУҾ͵һȺڵʦ
´仪ָ ѸʳĴϴˢɾȫгС 飬һ浱緹
׳׳˯һθҲˣһ棬С һ ʶӳŲš
Ӵءľӱ߹һ
ӳãɶ¶ ǣǲ أϾȥҶһ վľ˻¶ 
ľӰڰ֣¶ ˵ أũУ첻¶ 
ľҲƪҪ  ǰǸɶġ
ţļһ ӽ׳׳ҲС Ų±󣬱ȡ
ұţǴӲһףǸίһҲɽţһ سø ǰŹ
ľֱӵĵһ ǵ ǰĹֻһʦĶԲϡ
ʦεЦЦҲǸ ʦǴѧӢʦʱ  һӢѧĿΣͱסˡˡ
Ҳɶ⣬ֻҪ ʦСľ֪Ӣʦ ǰ ʱ򣬶ѧһȥǹܳ൱ӡ ͱɱ֤ݡ
ǣ˭֪ˮɶʱתء಻ѹ Ҫ ѧ
ӢҲͦãسмѧУʦǽ̶ġ
Ҳᡣ
ʵϣûʷķڣЩѧڶٶ׿̫ ̫ ѧĹҶ࣬ ԡ
ҲˣǴ ͸ ɽӵ޵ʦòǡҲǴӵһ һأǾԼһ˳ԡ
ţϢˡ
ĺ¶ 
ǵֻĽ̲ġѧ̲ģʦʦӢڵʷ׿ڵ Ƕûн̲ģеѰ졣
ʦĸæѰ죬Ѱ죬ҿ Լд̲ģû⡣
Ҳ˵ʷǽ̽Ƕѧ˵ľѵЩ Ҷ ԼĬ 
׿ص㣬ѧһ һ д̲ģûֳɽ̲Ҳûϵ
ľӶڴ̬Ⱥ ⡣Ǿңǰ ׼һ 
ҶЦĹһ㲻ĺľҳӳǼ̲ ֵػǶһЩģ ۾͸ֵأģпۡҶ ʱиͬѧũģϦദ ꣬ҶҲѧһڵػ óˡ
ˣǵ¡Ҳˡ  ǰоİɣûоǿ һũҷоֻҪ ʳǶн
ҶǰһȻ ĺ¡ԭûбʲ ô ϣû뵽ɽô 뷨ũ
Ǹãţǿʵ˵Ҷֶľһٴ
һ·Աᣬ߼оԱġ
Ǵӳǳ ҵ⻹ܲͽԴ
Ӵϸ磬֪Ҳǳ ҵİɣ
ҲǣҾǿϵü֡˻һ Ȼ ǸϹҼҼӶǳ ҵҼ ѧϰã ҵ˹ȥˡ˵Żͦġ
Ҳ̫ ˣӶȥ 
ǿɲǣ Ǿֵֻˡ
ＸȷʵҼңΪȥѧУ֪Ҷٸջ
ǣǡ
һȺүǴվţߴţ綼԰Լ޵顣
ߵʱеδ
ţ⼸ľеˡ





43.   43 صɽ


, ɽӵ˻е㲻һ
˵ӳǸбҵûôȣҶЩԱƪĳطҼһôӽͲѰˡ
·ϣ˵ɽӶӻĹ, ûɶҵ, һǵǮ, ޷ӷҰˡ
ӡ, ǸΣյɽѰ
Ҷֹ۵ĺ, е㲻һ, ⲻǺô, һʦзԡ
Ǻ¡
Ȼͷ, ҳԷտҪϽ
Ҳٱ, Ƚ̲ĵ, ҪһЩʺֽ
Ҫȵ죬˽ȥ򡣡
ţߵ˾, Ŵһ
ľߣľҪȥɽϡ
ľӱСŮ, ˵, ǲȥɽȥ̫ƵЩľһŮҵı顣
ҪȥسӺͱʣȥȥȥһƬ
ȥһֱϴسǿ¹ڻϱȻûиĸ˱ӻʦİһֱ˳죬û뵽ʷϵĶ̶һμ¼ʵпᡣ
ЩԽΪˣûһᱻԴ̤, Щ;úܱˡ
Щˣ˲ûһٿĳ͵ţɡ
Ҳȥľ̻Ǿܾ顣
ðɣɽǣǰһ
㣬껹кþأ϶ǰġ
Ǽǵôһ㡣¶𲻷Ůɽתͷһ䣬һ̸ĵǼްûУ
ˡ
У̻ϡ

ľ˶Ϊɽ䣬ʵĿռļ紺Ը⣬Լ¶ȣȻڵ˵еѾˡ
̣ϳ׺
ûзˣȥĥ¶ס
ľӸմԺӴţľ˽
̣ˣҸͷ˵ҪʼˡҲ鰡
˶˵ˣֻüľһ˵İ
ľһߵƨϣҿ㻹ԷأƤ˰ɡ
ľӵƨɣٺٺ٣Ϲ˵ģҿɰˡ
Ǻãдƪ֣д׼
ľȥܿĥףľûóҵ
̣˵ʦرףЩˡ
һ֪ܲ˼ҽ̴ѧСѧɶѶȡ
զż
ɶԺ϶ǵҽҺúѧҽˣһˡ
׼ȸ˾ͼеıѧȻȥеѧֱõбҵ֤
ڶ죬ľȥɽϣľӡľӡɽӵĻͷһȥسǣԤɹһЩʺͱӡ
ȥ꣬Щ̿˶̫󣬲㡣
õһӺһѱʷȥ˻վ
ǰվľһЩϾɵֽţࡣ˻վڻվ⣬ͿѵϸߵӡӡЩ
˻վĸˣ˾ڶ߶ŵһѷֽõŵ鱾װģȫ鱾
ľӻһЩ顢ѧɶģǺõģҲֱ󿹳Ǯһ˿塣
ľӡľֵܻȥľǿͷҲ⡣ضǿȥء
Ҳֱȥ³ʱľ໹ϰࡣ
ſڵĴүϡǵֵܣҲûжΪѣֱȥľҡ
磬磬զʱǣ
Ҫ㶫˳㣬ǽɶʱ¹ꣿ
ԭ˸أʱ䶼ûпգҪֵ࣬겻ˡ
ȻеźҲû취£У첻㣬´θ͵
ͣ˱ۡԴ¿ʼǱ߿Ǹϴ鷳ľ̲ס¶Цһĸֵͬܰ
컪ֵأɵ֮ǰͻҲûϢ
ģСӿʼź֣Ƥһ٣ʵˣڼﻹܰ¡ѧͻȥ硢տһ¡
аɡ
˵ľ˵ˣ÷ֿߡ
ֵȥվͷһ˿һȥվؼҡ
鱾͵ܿʱȷüʦҪȥá
ԭƻǰڱܿѧһʱ䣬ǲˡҪǿ⡣
¼ҼһǴԲ˭ҶûʺϺϿεĿⲻҪһϾ͵ȥˡ
ɽľĺõľľүӣҪôߵĻֻҪоЩߣһҲŪľƴ
ʱũУ˶׼ûɶ£ڼоЩʵ̫˷ڵϸߵͲƽԾ͵ľѧ֣ľүүҲ˽ָ䡣

ҼһÿһߵͲһʱڽҲÿЩźӴһЩҲϣһСѧһ˸߶ȵӡҲСģƺòˡ
С
ľһȺӣСѧеƽߣССͺŵĿֱСѧеáԺСѧˣܺ˼һ
üһǵôԶ֪˻Ϊɽ׼СѧСֱѧء
Ӹ߰ȷڸ߶Ͽž˳۶ˡҪ˵Ļ⽲ľͶȥˡ
ľүүҪĶ̣࣬ĥ⻬ľ壬ʽǶգûһ
ľүүľӾ͸ŮҲ鷳ȥࡱľһſһ׵ĿΡ
һĴڣɽӾľȥˡ
ԪڣɽͣõǶȥܿѧɽӵ׳ŸǪȥɽϴʯͷǽң׼õʦҲʼϸڡ
ľҲææȥɽҩӡϯҪڶҩλǼĵط
Ѱ˼ϯῼȻҪȥӦǿԸռҩģҪдŸ˵ÿҪô󣬹ǮУԭϿס
ϯҡ
ϯ󡢶Ѿ·ţϯɽѾְȥӵĺڲϯȥִϯھǲӣ·ѧУͣΣϯҲֱȥ˲ӡ
ϯɡϯڻھǣҲطȥΪţϯ»ǳıþˡ
үϣĬš
ȥʱһ˻ȫĺܣ˵˵ЦЦģ塣
꣬ϯɡϯֵҲҪˣʣϯ»һˡ
һʲôǸһһ
˵ѴǮȫѾͷˣ
˭˵ģ
ϯƲһ硣
ϯƤװû
ҩǮ
Ҳ̫˰ɡϯɹ˵
УԺĸǷݾͱҪˡ
ôСЦϯɲ˸ݣϯ֡
ϯ»Ҳֵֹˣ֪ˣֵɶʱܼ
ԭİţϯɽϡϯҪȥ˵ͱϯεӦһϯǿУѧ飬һ㣬ӾǵεҲְҪĥꡣ
ϯ»վڴԺſӣſվá
Ժ󰡣һͷŶ




44.   44 Ҫĸ߼ѧ


ǰ, ɽ½ңôӱܿŲ½ҡ컪ֵҲľͻպܸѧ㶫Ϊľ໹רŵͷǶѧѡ
ľûȥɽϵʱ, żҲȥϿΡֻѡԼϲȥ, 緽ڵʷ, ⷽϲ, ż˵˵, ǽһʾסЩʱʷǲǾǸ˵᣿
ڷڵĿ̫, ޷ѧؼҼıȻ, Ҳչ, ֻҪǷڵĿ, пе, ûЬӡû·ȵȣһС, ڽţڵ˵顭, ʷΡ
һľ̸ȤĿ, ʦʦӢΡôȥˣоǰѧĶˣʦʦ½һ飬ˡ
ľࡱѧʦŶﶼ֪͵͵ۼˡʼü̫ݡôܺ˵ѧͲȥأѧУýѡ޼ſΣ˵ǰڹζȥϣֻȥԾˡ
ô¹ȥʦ۵ˣ⺢ȷʵ, Ǵط⺢ҽʮ֣һᵽһľ׿ڣǸ̫̫
׿ں¶ԸϵһľϤ׿ظðյһƬͨ죬ţ˶ŻˣæȥҶΣ˿һ˵ľҩЧ
ľ̲ڼңľżıҩƷյģ׿ڳȥܿ¾ͽˡ
ľɽؼң׿¶ǽ׿ľ̸ˣҩοˣ˶ͷҩӡ
Դ׿ڿʼԵҩ裬ţ˼ʹϦദҲоͬǷˡ
Ӣ¿Σʦľɻʦʦѵҵ
ҷкܺã벻ѧӢɽӵǰûӢΣ𲽽ȾͱȽѧĸ裬ѧ򵥵Ľ
ʦľľӢ﷽ѧϰ͹ˣԸС
֪ʦʦ˼ľɫᣬˣǼӿһҲҪ
ʦĿɫˣԲϴΣⵥһӢΡ㿴ϿεʱһҲûбࡣֻ֪ʶŨˡ
ľǿͬ⣬ʦĸϽԼϿʱ䡣
ľ߳Ҿ񷴻ˣͷһʦʦѾˡ
ҪϿεһ졣
ڶ죬ľ̵ĳ緹ľľ컪ѾȥѧУˣһڿξӢ
ľĥĥ䣬ȵһڿζ¿ˣŲųصĲӳš
ʦĵڶûΣרԺ
̾һӶһҩӣرȻ˵ѧѣη纮ð
ʦܳ㲻ԥ£ȣʦúýġ
ȻǸεʦȴΣʦĸνĸ룬Ҳչĸ磬ͬ龰ԻľӾ΢һ㣬﷨Ҫ䣬һĵʻҪóһ£Ҫһ´ʸ׺ҪǱʼǡҪ֪ǰζġ
˼ǣϿֻ۾֣ʦСʦȰȰȵĽ꣬꣬ѧˡ
ʦһҲˮҪԵԼյĸ߼ѧѡ
ḻ̌û취ֻʵʵʼǡ
һڿоۣҲۡ
ֵ£һ¿Σûüܣʦʦ²ĺԼһڿΡ
ڿʦķ⺢ӿŲףϿĶǼǵȥˡÿڿλյѧѣ˽̿αȥҲʦѧѣҪȻȥѾͷϿΣӣ˵ͻѡ
ʦĵķƵ·һֱģֱһ죬´仪ɨӣʦĲڱµҩƿӣҵһʣʦĲ˵ʵ顣
ȻһĴȣôû뵽أҲȥѾͷطܻӭʦ
ʦĵĵˣǽ⣬Ѿͷܾ˷ڡ
ڲţȻȲʦģһɡ
ľ̺ˬľͻشˣµȻҪһһʲô˼
⻰ĬˣǺúûȥϿΰɡһ׬ˡ
ʦĵӢΣ̷ڵѧҲֵһ
룬ʷζûѡһѧľȻӮ
̷Ҳú⣬ѾͷȻѧȤһЩϡŹֵͼʲô͵ѧȤɡ
ôİɣ̷Ҳ뵽ѧѵеУֻҪѧƵĵҩ衣ͺ׿ڲ࣬󣬿ɫɱ׿ڲԶˣҪúõ
Ҷڵæ˼£ƽʱĲˣ취Ľũҷʵķʳһֱ˲ʱϢ
Ҷѧĺ£һҲ󣬰ȥľǱ֪ľСѾͷɶʱҩơ
ӭĽҶʮֵ⡣ԭûһû̳һ㡣
Ѿͷûвҩֲķϡ֪һ㣬иʦ־оⷽģһֱо˹ֲ취вҩ
Ҷץסᣬ˵˸һľ̾涮һЩҪʲôҩ
Ҷ˵ľкþƺܾˣһֱ볢һľ̾͸ƣһѧѣѧǲǼۣͿж涫
գҶܹעʳʼҶϾרңĽ߲ĿӦñȽϴ֮һҶ˸ķϣʣµĻֲ
𽥳죬ҷùҶϵʳøãҲ࣬оũܰѲƵ߰˰ˡǲ̫ˣҲܿóƬʳ϶Ƿˡ
յĵһ죬ӵŮ٣Źڱܿǰ漯ϡ
ոСҶƬոɹҲֿɹҪԱһ²ҲøǵĴ󹦳칦ǣľЦ
ã˺ĶЦˡ
Ҷţ
ҶСָ㰡
ʵݣ԰ӡ

ҶɹĺȫЦݣлл
л˵
ľ̽ҲˣľӢӱСڴ˺롣
ˣίˣ
ˣίˣ
ˡ
һ·ŵİСܵĴ
ܿľӳɽͷһ䡣
ŵСܹȥɽϵԱϢ
ľǳԱ˳ŵģڳƷĻũʳһʳ̣ˣҿȥԹʺ
Աȥɽ£·ŵļԭԱɾʮͶίɫѿ
ӰοģءǸ֤˭˵ûкúø졣
ǿĵ˵ͷϵЦȿ޻ѿ
ӴΣ֪ҿ࣬ôѽǸлһΪ񡣡
ǣ·ŵȺأǼһΣд˶٣
ͷɲǳԱ˳ŵģʳܣնˡ
ľæ˵ΣǽϻһأǸЧõúܣֵʳ١
ǲţľӾ͵ΣʵڵǿҪģҪǸȥЩˣ˳ӣģ´οһϱһΪ׳١
һŹյСǰһź챦飬ٳһЩûõģҪ֯Ųȥϡ
ľӵĺɫҲûˣɫһڣȫȺˣ
һȺũڵĶǣ˻еˡ֮ǰɽӵ˶˵طаĺܡ





45.   45 ף


, Σ ˵ҪǸϽȥõԱǵա
ͷ ȥ Ӱ칫ҡľûһ ȥ
ͷֱϵļĹĵ, ϻ, ׺, ɡ
˿ϹҲס, Ͻͷ׽, ϸ , Ҳ 鷳, ˵ⶼ , ǹίύ һι㱨,  ιĹ, һΪ 񣬴 һ ˵ǲ 
ੲݵ˵һ·, ɽ ߵѹ û˴ 
ͷһȺȥ Ӱ칫ңһҲԥĴӹͳһ , ⻹ һ˵, ְ 
  ˣ  黹 ûȥͷһٵգҾ ûı顣
ҿⶼ·ʮ˰ɣ⿴е٣ֵĲ̰
ǣ ӶǮһ֪𣿱ʶǮһ֧֪Щ Ǵ ӵǮģ ѪǮ  ˱ʻ ֽˣ˵٣
ô˼·ũһ²żһ, ⲻ ۸ũԱˡ
 ǻǮĺڰ
ղ̵ˣεĿɫ
Ĵң Ӷӳô 
Щũ˵һ ȥӳҲûɫζ   أ
ͷЩɶ¶ û¾ ȥ
Щһһ
ܻƣ
û£Ǹԣ ǼŮó Ƕ  ˣѵС 󻹲績Ů
ɶ
ɶ
ҲҪ˼Ҫһ¡
ߣ
ﱻһɫӲ ôô벻ͨҪһˣûȤ
ǻ  ˣæš ܷɣҲҪд
ͷͷҪдǰѱӺͱǿûǮ򡣡
 񣡡
УԲ ˣЩûõġ
 Щӣ ˵ͨ
ͷ˵üԱַȥա
 ·һһȺ쵽ڡ
ľӲ֪߳ ߣӭ´ָľЦݣ͸ί˱Ӽֱ Աȡ
ίһȺˣľӶشڵ С ˵ɵúãţ¶ ֪ͨ
أ֪С Ц
ʱ ũæѲߡص鶼 ЩС ӽ֡ Ǽڲ˰࣬ȥա
ľӼҴҵˣС óβܷɡ
߸ίˣյ·ԱŵĲ
һ죬Ժ黹 ҪдƽʱҲҪע⣬Ȼɽ ӵ˶ ǻȽѺã˭֪Ժ ʲôԵ͵ 
ºС ɹսܿ⣬ͷűӵǼʳճɡ
顱һ ͷһ ϾɵϣϵĻҲ㶼 ˡ
ͷ˷ܵվ  ģҶܵƬ ƽÿĶճɱֵĶһʮ
ģҿľͷ˵ĻϽù ӿ
Ա߼˼ ҶôûŶ
ͷ۾һɣô굱ƣû ʳ
 ˵˵
Ա߼ ˸ϽʣҶĶ٣
Ķ410
٣˻Լˡ
Ķ410
ҵү ˲Ű˲ţ
ľһԴ˵Ƕֵ档
 һ ǰ ʮˣ Ҷſ¼ʳıӡ
Щǵʱ˵Ǵ Ķһǧ˵Ķһ ˣʵ  Ĳ˵С Ķܵٽ ܲˣ⻹ ҪϷ˳꾰ϵȷоũֵĳ  ʱ С Ķжʮ ܲثˡ
û뵽ҶܸôߵĲͻİٽ ѹ  û 
Ҷ
 üȥţҶ Ҷ ǰ棬Ҷѧ Ŷ䱣 档
Ҷظһ £칦ǱҪ칦
ҶͷӣԣһٶУ
ӵ ȫ õģش Ҷϡ
Ҷ ЦҾ ˵ɣҶ  Ķ  ܸɳһƬ ġ
ҶЦЦţ۾ 
 ˷ɵӣ·ŵʺĵ һѧ  ˣ ͷɣɼˡ
Ŷ䱣ҲǿᣬЩ  ҹҹ ÿ춼 尾УδζоԼ ·ߣҧţš
  Щ˵㿴  Ķ ܷⷢȣЩ ֻܸЩݺĹ
 գľӡͷҪףһ¡
æôһ£ Ҷ۵ֱ  ҲһţǱˣѡһٶɱϯ˵Ļ ߲˻û¼ܣҼһȱ˳ԣ ﹱһ ܹˡ
ף˹  ҶŶ䱣ʦͽˡ
Ϊ ˸ףգ оƣͷһ취ʳоƵ˼һһЩö٣ ˼һ¾ ˡ
ϣҶĴ̷ӹ ιĻ ʳ۲һ£ 칦 һ
Ҷӿǽ׳Ĵ ȣˮͷ˵ˣֻȣ㺣˵ һ ӣרŸ ӡ
ʦȥĶ ˣզ緹´仪緹һȦûпҶ䱣  һ䡣
䱣˼˵ ʦеƮ ϵĲżԷƲ ȥţ  ȥ佱 ĺûȥˡ
Ŷ ֪Ҷʦȥ ȥˡ
ӣ
ԣӡܻ˵ˣɱרŸ Ūһӡ

Ҷɪˣ䱣 ĺϡ ݲ˳Ե̵ġ
ɱ˵ݲ˻  ζ θڣĴ˺Ͷľ  һζ
緹Ҷ֣ ȥ Ӱ칫ǱߴѶѣһȺ үǶ ţæĲֱֺ緹ʱ δĻ
Цź̷˵Ҷ ˡ
˵Ҳ ߼֪ʶ ӣƫƫûӣɶ ܺ˼ϼ䡣ɽ ӺҲ ܿ ԱһƬĻ Է˲Ű
 Ҫ˵  㻯ʵģû˲µõ ǰɶġ
ڶ죬 ڴ õɱϯ翪ʼˣľ̳緹ȥ Ӳʱ ɱˣͶ  ϴˡ⣬׼
׵ ӣ˵ǰ  ģ ɵĺáûŵӣ Ӳ   ʼ峴ը 
ľ̿гɴ 廨˰죬óһһ Ƥһ͹ըƤըɻƤ״ĵгɴ 飬֭ 󣬾ȵ ףϸβˣһС ʱһС ʱ󣬴˳򵹿 ϣŽȥС ʱ  ũҿ⣬հס
 õĿ⣬ڸмŴը Ƥ ŴнͷĿڸмֱ˳ԡ
ľ̶Ӽֱˣһɶ¶ û  Ա߿ļ峴ըζһһĴӹУզû
ôĲֹһˣȣŤһ£üһߡұߡһȺС ޡ

ľ̸һӣ ʼһӾ  հףȲС Ȼ еǸڸС
һȥõˡ
 ũϯ ûʣµĲˣһˣϾ  ҳԹ⣬һ
ϵǾ  Ҷˣϯϵĵһ˾  רŸ Ķӣ ӵֲˡϺõըϸĴл  һڵĶӡ
Ҷ˵һӶӣζ㣬нͷʶ壬һľ İ׾ƣ 㰡
⣡þƣ
ԳԳԣҶк ҳ⣬ ͽһ˼һ ⣬ҲҿˣԺŬȡ⡣
  ֻҪգ궼⣡
ͷ⻰˵ģվ һ򵥡
 ˣι˵
ɽ ܷյϲã ϯ Σķ




46.   46 ϯῼĴ

ϯῴе, ӵֱӴ⣬ѶһˣҵһĿȥ һ, İҩ˿, ˺һس, ˿ڰá
ϯ, ˫ֱ̯, ˫ֽסǹ˾䡣
Ѿ, ڵܷ, ֻʱ, һͻΧ
Ͼŵ, պ, ϯøӣ׼ȥ, ĽŲ
ϯϱ
ϯῡ
һСĽ֣è
 
ϯ῰, , ﺰµ˲֪𣿡
èˣ ֪ܲ  Ҳ˼죬˴ͬھӻ׬ˡ
èȻЦţ¹ɫ԰׵ĺܡ
ϯע⵽ĲԾ
Ķˣϯѣһǹ, ñţϯȥһֵʪû ֹѪѪ
ģôȥѪҪˡèŴС˵
ϯɫ࣬ҩۣһ¹⣬°ģǹüСʱû  ϶ û ˵Ҫʱˡ
ǲ˵ ˣ
Ӳ 
  ͷˡ
ϯῸèֹѪҩһȥû Сʱè״̬һˣСĵ˿ڴһѣѪֹסˡ
ϯ㲻˰ĺöҴţǲֵܣ
ˣȥһ㣬߱ˣ Ĵˡ
У һ롣
ӳȥ˵ɡ
һһȣ֪زص ȥ
ԲߣϵĴһٵĿʣµȫ׼°ҹһͻΧ
èϷȣϯῴ ұߵĶա׵ҩιè ҲһԷһ
ӣ۾һ£Ĵ Ѹٵõĵطܡã·ɽ˸˹ȥһ£ƾһӳ˵˵İΧȦ
˻û ֣߳è˹ȥϯȳȣèһײ۵ˤڵϡ
èѾǵڶˣڲϣ  Ϊ ˡ
 Ʒ èо˵ġ
èŤͷһԱ߲ϵϯῡֵܣܻżˣ
ǳ˰ΧȦڶսѣǿġ
ҽԺҽһ飬üһ˳£ܳ˰ΧȦ
ҽԺиҽﲨӣϯһ˴ Сʶ֪Ǽҩ·ġ
ҽ鷿ߺ ͵͵
ʵɶö
ϯῲȽŲ㣬  İֹѪľҩۣ
һţɷ֡ȻүүҽǸѧ ҽģⲻ±˶ϣܵˡ
һ룬 ͲҪġ
˵һҲ
è֣λҽ滹 һ롣
թһЦ  ˵㡣
è ˵еʱͲֵֻ ˡ
ϯ῾ͿǰĶˣһһ롣
˺ôˣĬĺܣû жԱ˵Ҳ֪ⶫжģ
èҩһ㣬ϯΏӻû бճɰ׳գҩҲҪ
**
ϯῡèҽԺһ²ųԺ˿ڻû ȫãѾӰжˡжְλһа¼ڡ
ϯῴʱȥŪһЩҩģ Ѿͷ˵ʱöҩĶճɵʱ
¶ϯῴèǸˣæҩ׼û 
Ҫ˲Σ
Ҫ  Ҿʹһȥáè󷽵ĺܡ
ϯ῿һۣ óһǮүү˸ģүЩǮϯΌӦöˡ
 ܳǴҿеľǹӰǮèôû ôǮء
ȫҩ
ôǮһɣ
èϯΰżڻؼңèѰæһҩӣһѽҩϯҲ˰ѼҩĶˡ
ϯ῿Զͷè˵ֹѪҩ һ
һèֵܵĴֱʾסˡȻʶ١
**
ɽӣֵɽɽʱˣľû ȥ
Ϻµһү˵һǸģȥ
¶ȻԽ֪Խá
ɽɽɽʱľӽϼŵ ˣȥسǻվ ʱ˼ֱ͵ľҡ
ľҲû ɽڼ
ңľ̷ҩģƷʱ֤ϯ湻õġ
ȣзš
ľӵݹһţѾˡ
ľ̿һۡ
ľӴ һզˣ
զأ
ʡ˲ŷĳ򣬴ţ˵䶫 ƪ˵ҩ ǶȻҩ жӡ
 ȥ㶭үүšľӳˡ
յһҩģľæ׼ɽʰҩġмζҩҩҲͦõġ
ڻʱ䣬ϻѼҩĿɽȥ
ľӻʱ򣬼ļҩû ˡ
 ȥɽϽȥ
  Ȼȥүүҡ
ү 
һľöҵţ ˡ
ɡû ɽҲڵϯš
ϯ ôҩҪþðɣҪ 㣿 ߴѩɽҩͲȥ
 ҩɽˡģʦ ܿģɣܿܰҩͳȥ
ʵҲ뵽˴ѩ· ѩµ硣һϯῴҩߵôҩƲˡ
ߣʦ  㣬ˡӲǱӣ۾۾ġ
զأ
˵ұȲʦ£ʾ
ҲĺҪ զѧ ϿΣοһ
 㲻ϿΣѧ ѡ
ľͷһҪһȣһڿţ˼һڿֻҪһš
ߣ  Ŀϵ ã
⻹ ˣǣ
ͷӣôû ɶ¶ˡ
ľ̴ һؼңɽ˶ˣľһֻӡ
 ǽһѣ˺öֻأ׳׳һֻʦ˵̣Ҳɣľӵݸ¶

ţ˺ɽӵԱ ãټ罻Ҷ֯һȺ˲ɽѡ
ҶѰ˼ɽѿ϶ ٲˣյʱС￴üطҧĺۼ

Ȼҵѣܳһ졣
УȥװһЩϴɾ
ˮ٣¶ͳһ£һ㽹ƣһٳˮСʱ⡢ⶼζ
ľҵĲɫˣһ
Ա㣬ϴ˯ڶһ磬緹ɽҩġ




47.   47 ɽӵĺгϢ


û˰æ, ľһŬ  һҩļҩ 졢 Ϳ ʼҩûпϯ῵ҩģһŪ ʮ ֹѪҩ, ҩðҩһ , ֹѪҩֳ , ҩֳķ, , ɽ
ľ һ˴, ƿƿ޹޵ռطľҲȥسǡ
 , ǵַľ Ӱһдŵַֽݸ
 һ, Щطǡ, ϯҵ˶ɢЩط,  Զ
ľֵܣҩЩ
˼ҩ,  ҲеĲѰ
ģǮٲġ
ľ ˼Ƭ, ڻܸ, ҩ ĻҾ͸ɣֻҪһǮĶɶ
û⡣ Ц Ǹүģɶ
ؼľ ˵ ҩ飬ľ̵ͷһЩԣϯô 
ߣԺϯҲôࡣ
˼ҵǮ㴲ءľѡ
ľ Ҳ˵ ҪǮĻ, Ժշչһ㡣
ľһǮ϶Ķ˵ չһǮҲˣ㴲µǮͶ ˡ
û͹ ҩģ ʼǧǮ粻ʣˣǷʮ ˲Ρ⻹ǿǵЩҩҪҪȻ Ų޸
ģľ ϲ̵ġ
ģǷ˲ΡҪǮ;ȥá
УҿܲܰǮ ȥľ ÿôǮϣܵĸ͵ˣ ˣ̫ʪùˡ֮ûзĵʱ绨 ȥá
Ͽ˵ƽʢŶʱ׬һʺҲõ  ΢תһ㣬ҪŪһЩš
£ֿ ˣ컪 ֵܣɽ סһ꣬ҪسǺ͵ ꣬ľ  ֵߡ
 ˣҵҰûڳǶأǰʱɽϵ һ쵽Ұ˵úܣ¶ʰãĨɣûؼҸԡ
ڱŷŽȥˡ
Ŷˣӡ  ֵȥժȥ˼ΣŪʮ ¶ΰڴ ﳴ죬ը ڣҲ ֵװôȥ
Ķʰ ϾŵӲų ȥϸϳ
³Ժ
ȥ˵㣬ûй ա
컪֣һ̵¥š
 ŵ
ҿˡ컪˵
һ࣬ȥɽӿ  һΡ
һС ӣӴ˲١
֣Ҳ㡣ű
Ц 춼ѿ ˣϽӹ ӵıҲ 
ľ Ӽ˼ĥĥߴߴģֲС Ů
أ
 ˣһĹѽ飬ȥһͻ
ýţ£ˮľ ӵһˮ
ľ ûһľͻˡǼԷģľѼ»
ڽ黨 һ³ԷĶǼˣ ҵ˵㣬ʶȤҽˡ
ߴߴĶ컪 䡣ɽ Ӵһ꣬컪ԸҲ˺ܶࡣ
ľ ľ˵һ飬һҲӷþûľҲ ˣ˼
ûĸ Ҳúܣ»ص Ÿĸתúܡ
ľľ ˵ ѧϰ
ľ Ӳ ֵԼ˵
컪˵ ʦ˵ʦ ʦһӢŵϽס졣
˵С  Ӧ
Ժڳﲻ׼˵ 
֪֪ʦ ʦÿϿεʱ򶼻 üΣ ֻڴ ˵

 ˽˵Щ·ŵˣ̾ë˲缦
ã˼ҼʹëȫˣҲǷˣҲʱ˲ãզ֪˼Ҿûһɳʱ
ϴȥɽ Ӽ ǸҶ֪б ²
ǺԸ ɽ Ӷģ˽»ľ˵˼ΣҪǰԼҶӿǸŴ ڶ飬ô١
緹 ľ ûȥ ڡ
 һҩ ֶҪֹѪҩĲǼҳҩ
 ڸʮ Ǯʣµ⡢ ޻
ľ  ڰæһЩ
 ΢е죬û뵽ԶҪƽ𣿡
ԣ˵ڻЩ϶ˡ
һ ֵЩҩ ڳϿҵ˵Ҫ˵ͷӲͻƽЩ
ľ 룬Ҳû˵ҪкöҶ
У´ ġ
 ǵʱɫꡣ
춼С ꣬겻 ȴǡľ Ӳ飬˳ ϡ
 ʮ 죬ľ Χ˴  һľ˵ģԻ
ǰС ꣬⼸Ĳˡ
ﳴĲˣ˳ ûһˣѼЩˣͿˣԻͺܷ㣬Ȳˣ
ţߣҲԵ֡
һ Լ˲ʳ߲ˣв˼Ҹ͵Ķ
ǰڹ سǶ飬ǰҲ֪ѧզڴ ϶飬· ܿ ЩȽе ̫̫һ· ţΡÿοԼѧϰ ʦϿθ ͱˡ
ⲻ  ģ  Զ·ŵҲûɶģ͸͵ɽϼĸĢԼĺ
ľҸţļ ʦ ׾ƣһơ ǱģӦʪƾͿǵĺܵ
 Ҿ룬 һף ԽԽáҶվž롣
 Ҳϣ ζȥʱģֱܱȡ
ȸΪ Ⱑ
Ц Ҷ ʦһҲżôأ ԡ
ҹǴʮ  룬ǻ׳׳ֵĸӡ ӷֵ⣬˷ͷĢƶѿ  
  ˡ
䱣Ⱦƣһ ʦһ£ҲЦ 
һ ȥ1969ˡ
һ꿪  ҾͶҶˣҶָӣľӴЭŴ ҶڷϡæȻ죬ţѾ ˡڸоеį  Ͽε˶ûˣֻܶŽѧ˵ĭɡ
һҲ˳˰·ݵʱʳýĽ룬ùཬĹཬһķռԶˡ
 ϵˣпվڵй䣬һƬյľϲĺ޲ø߸һ
Ҷֱ˴ ϵĴ ˣߵĶ˴к
磬 Ӱ칫ң Աľ ·֪ͨ
ץԴ˵Ҫˣ
ҿڴ ѧͦõġ
ǣ㲻֪ϸȥسǣֵǽһҹҪȥسǶ飬಻ȫ
զ죿ܲܲȥɣѧУҪҵ֤ġ
ͷѽд Ӽҵ𣿶ѧȥԲͳˡ
ͷ˵Ķԣ Щޣ 꾡֣ǰһڻǶһҼ޶ѧе֪ʶˣʵ ̫ˡ
ԣҼ޶ѧеˡ
ˣˣ¶˵˲㣬 ȥ ɽѧУǱߡ þ͸ ްſԣ ñҵ֤
ǣ  ˵
ľӹƣ̵Ӧò 
Ҳ󣬵 칫  ʱľӾ  ӳĬĬĿһͣ ꣬ɽ ӵ
 ɽһڴӦȥʣҪ֪ͨ ڴ ҸϽȥæ£עʳ꽽ˣɢᡣ
 ѧǰһܣ֪֪ͨͨ뿼޶ȥ
ڴ Ӱ칫ͳƣʮ ˸μС ѧҵԵģʮ μӳбҵԵģμӸбҵԵġ
 ö޶ С ѧҵԣȥеıҵԡЩ˳еıҵԣȥеıҵԡ
ľ̸ľȥк͸еıҵԣοͽˡûд ѧϣѧ·ȵˡ
μľһѧ ʦһ־ӯ֪ ͣǰ ΪܱϿεЩݣû뵽ͣ 󣬻ܿôĺӡ
 ѧǰһõɼľľͨ Спԣøбҵ֤ˡľľľӢӡ컪ȥУľһȥС
رĿԣҲسǵĽ֣Ϊ˹ѧѧɴͰɽ ΪͣøбҵԳɼõľѧУ 档
ľ ѧʱ䣬سڵѧУ˸飬 Ҳûаܣسǽֹ֪ͨ 
ľˣû뵽£Ҳѡɶӣʰȥֱʱסü
ľ ĥţ ˵Ķڷӵ£ӽǵеطס




48.   48 Ȱúѧϰ


ľͶȥľ סº, ŰֹѪҩȥϺڡ
ϴ˵ ҿǹˣس׷ӡ
ףľ磬سǵķӿɲҡֱһ 
Ϻȴ, ֳɵķǲ,  Ƥҵ һ Щġ
ү, ˵Լޣ
ľһ , ȷʵҲǡʱ, ȫ˽Լ, ޿һ  
, Ҫ׷, ôĵ 𣿡
Ĺе , Ǳ߻һ Ķ  , ԭǸ ˵Ҫһ ⼸û˵, иǶ˵ǿ Ҫ
 Ǯ
һ Ķ  ҪԭļǮҪǧһ  Ҳ , , Ҳҵõ ˵͡
ľиĸϺڹľ ǧǮӦеġ
һ ǧҴһ 㣬 ޷ӣǮӦ㹻ˡľӵүһ   鷳ʣ
СϺһ ڴӦͳϯǱߵĹ ϵҲ˿ˡ
һ Ľ, ľǸİɣǹ¶ʱڣԲϷ Ҫˣҧ˵үһ ·֪˶ ٿ࣬˶ ƭ ӡ
⣬ڶûһ ׷
ľӺٺЦ ӣһ ŮӺСŮбҵˣӽ˽ֹⲻŪ׷
ӴСŮӶ ˣ
ӽʮСŮˡ
ǿϺҲ̲סһ 䡣
ٺٺ١ľЦУСɶûɶ͵ģ һ  ֹѪҩ
Ͻӹллľ硣
ľʮǮ
òã͵үҽ  ĳлɣү𿴲 С
үͲƴˣ   Ҫɶ֤  飬ľӲ ǡ
ľӳţʱϺڻԺ 
ľ治򵥣
Ϻ̧ һ  ζ˵ͨũܽӣ˵ǧ գһ ¡
ԼĽʣôûô
Ҳ˼ҵĶӡ
Сѧûҵһ 뵽 ľӼ ʮĶӸбҵĹŮҲбҵˣֱ˸ɵ 
һ ľŮмǸӿ϶ѧϰã  ڼҰ򡣡

ǱŪĿȫˡ
ľѹȷʵ󣬴бҵˣСñСҲбҵˣ ʼһ 
Դӳɼ֮޾е ǡ
ľһ 뷨ģľ̵ø磬ÿ ǵĶ˯þ⼸ Ҫ˶٣ԶԷҵ  ʦ⣬˾ģһ Ҫһ ֮ڰѸ֪ʶѧ꣬ øбҵ֤
ľ ɼ¶ӣȰ˼ûɶЧľӿ һ ߵ ľƨϡ
ɶأһ   ģǱ㿼״Ԫôˣһ   ķúóԣ˵СǲǷ᣿
ľ˼ ӣɴ Сʣ̶бҵˣǻ᲻Һܱ
ɶʱ˵㱿ˣ
¶ܶ бҵүү  ùȥģ㿴㶼ˣܸɶ ˡ
ľɨȺޣȻУŮаǱ̱ȣۼҼ˲ ôһ ޣǶȲϡ

ľһ ҵľľ衢컪ľӢӼԱˣ ǼģõŰǵĻ˵ôֱ׳
⻰ľ· صˣҵһ ӣһ аɣҲұȲϣߣȥɽȥ
ඡҲҵģһ ̵Ķˡ
ɽϳԳԺȺȵḷ̌˿֪ɶ ѹ⼸ ɽϿĵĺܡ
̫ ˣëë ˬˣڰ˾䲻úѧϰ  ϣ ̯ɳɶ
ɶѵ㣿
ߣ ˣֻҪ㹻ҿԶԶȥ𣿡
У
볤Ͽɻء
ëëѭѭգúŬ룬ҪͻͿӻ˥ϣҪһ ֱഺòפյǲ
ǣ˲㣬Ŭһ ѣǺϣɹġ
˵ĶԣҪúŬľȭͷıһ ʳȥСҪžŰʮһ  
һ ºľ̳ Ѿо ԼˣҪˡ
ҪԺóԵģؼҡ
뵽 ȥ뿪ëëල ⣬ϻȲɽؼҡ
һ ûҶ̵ĺܣر¶һ  ŮǸۣˣˣ̸óԵģúòһ 
ҲԼˣֱ׳ҪľûвӦġ
ľ⼸ سǴ  鲻ڼңһԸ½ȥЩóԵĻ
ⶼˣ緹϶ԲˣԳһ ٺõġ
ȥɣдϻɱֻϡ
 ֻ꣬Ѿµˣɱ  µСлţ 꿪 ů͸ÿʼµˡ
һһ ɾ·緹Ҫš
· ȥ ӣһȥĶ
ӣȥ  Ҹʱˣۻġ
ء
һԶˣŮƪ
ľЩ꿴Ųɽ¶ˮģüһһ سôһ  
ӦõģЩľҵ ԽԽã ûɶļҵ׿϶١
ǣľǸޣʱ̷ڼ Ǯ̷ȫľҩĻؼ ˡ
ľҶôӵ˿û˵ǰ ɤҩûǮ
Ҫ˵⻹˼ҵϢ
⻰˵  ˡ

һǣŵ ַǱȥ
 ˵ ľһ ȺڽӡԭƻŽ׷ӣ  һ üһ  Ķˣһ ǧٶ ƽ
ľӻȥ͵ɴ׷ӣһ ƽңһ һ ףʣһ ǵġӶȥˣ˵Ҫһ ȥ
Ҫ 㣿
ԣ 㣬ӣ䣬һ ¥ݺݣһ ļסˣԺҲס¡
Ժӣ
ţ ʱ򻹿Լһ  Сɶġ £ûԺӣԺиӶû ܶ
ľÿ׷Ӻ涼һ Ժӡ
ǲ
 ˷ӵ  ˵˹Ůɽˡ
ľӺþû Ůúܣ  ϢȥִŸ°ؼңȥ⡣
ôУ
 ȥ֣ȥ⡣
 һ ġľǰ  ˵ˣ´νǸһ ⡣
һ Ҳ  ӹǡ
  ˴ڣڴڵľ
үɶóʳˣ
С ĺܡ
ľЦȥҵġľӰݸľ
⡣ľ̿ˮ
ľ͹ͷԶˣСŴڡ
ľЦһ  һ ·ȥ
Һ㡣
Žŵľӣľ˵룬ȴܳʵ̯үүϡ
СҲ ſӭҡ
ľһ ѱŮӴҵĴŮһ ͳôˡ
һбһ  ôĹŮ Ҫ˱ʲôӣ
ҲҾϲҹŮ
ľҲʮ ϣҲҲϲңߡ
 ȥɡ
ľľ ֪ԣʹɽؼҾûС
һɨѳҸһ Բԣ
ٺٺ٣ڼء
ȥջ𣡡
ȥȥȥȥ𼤶
ľҲʮСˣһ ߰θ˲٣գ ʹȥ





49.   49 ·ַ


˳, ľ̲ס̿ˮ¯ϵĸã¯ɰðˮŨŨ, ˰кһ廨⻹, Ҫع⣿
Ȼ, ¹Դһ㽹Ƶ廨, ϶꽴ͷƬ, , ٵȥʵ, ȹ㡣
ܳ뷹
̳عˣ
ľһ, սԺӾŵ˳ǰԵζ
һľ, һû, һЦˡ
, ľĶ, ӹһϵŵİ뱳档
ߵ, ȫ³Է
극ľʵȥϴ룬һһʳ裬ÿһ롣
ľʰɾӲϵˮһڡ
ľҶڣۼڳһص£ֵ֪ɡ
ľľֵܵͷ
֪ӵǮĶ𣿡
ҩ׬¡ľ˵
ľӵͷȷʵ׬, ˵ⷿԺҲ̵ģû
ֵܶһۣҡҡͷ
ѽⷿסǧ˵׷ǲͰźˣһһףүһףǸպãʱ˵ҵĸɶ
ľ̶Լ˴Ǻܴ󷽵ģҲܲ˵棬ȻǼСģǼȷʵƫ
ľӼװһⲻѻ˵𡣡
ұٿڷӵķַûȷӽˣӶ仧¡
ľСõͷǸռˡ
ľ˵úܣô˵ڳ׷
һЦԣ¥һԺӵķӡ
ľľ˷ܵ໡злл̣ϲ㡣
ľƲ죬ڵ²ǿĵɣһ׷ӾͻһĻ
¶żӣЦĴ飬ﺢŽǺ¡
ľүүҲѵ¶΢Цı顣
ӵǶˣľӼƻǰ޺ãһʱ䣬Ҳ׼ľҾߣһ׼˾ס
ľҶҲ˵ӵ£ǼӣУһУӢӳɼԺҵ϶ǵģӵ»Ҫ
ҵףϵּҸǮټЩģǼôĵط޷ӿ϶УСһȫԡ
Ժ£ľУҪʡǮףǾƽĵأСӣһһףӢӾ͸סԺӢӽҲסǼңǰտţżҲ۸
⵹Ǹ⣬˼зǱ߿ɲһͬ⣬סŮ˻ᱻ˵ûϢŸ˼ҵȥˡ
ˣǾûǣڳ⼸û޶ٷӣö˼ңһʮסһֻ˵˺סֲҪӸգܽǵס⣬ɶͬġ
ľԽĥԽ뷨ãֵߵȥľ˵ľӸһۣԼᡣ
ҹŮ궼ʲôŮߡ
ľӸæס𣬱𣬱𣬴ҴˣصʣһС
˵¶ľжǮ
ż˷ӻһǮҪĻʱ
ľ̾ϷּҵʱģһһǧٿǮҰɡ
ľǿкүǣߣǧǮҪƽҲҪһǧ塣
УҰʣҵ׶ͿˣӾ͸ǲˣҪҽ㣿
ã治ҺҼ޻ڶ飬ȷĶǮ湻Ҳһ
С
ľҶ߼ƻأ¶ľ˵ϸ˵ĺ
ԽԽã¶Ǳﲻƽºˣֵܶڳ˵أԺҲɶ
ʮ£ԽԽ䣬ĻˣҶʰĲ԰ӣðεĲ˼Ӷˣɹɻջأ֡
ţ˶ָ࣬ǵŪˣϢΧŻ£û¾䡣
ľѾͷǲǺܾûϿˣ
ҶŸѾͷѧˡ
ʦĺ̷ǵĿλϡ
Σʦת˵æɡ
Ҷ飬ߣ϶ռұˣѧѡ
ǵĿΣѧûУҶˡ
Цˣҿѧˣ㿴һɶ˼ûѧѾͲˡ
Ҷڨڨģвҩֲҽ̲ˣԽһ±һ
Цһۣ²м˭
Ҷŷڣڵ̹Ȼĺܣойʷûг
Ҷܴһ˶Ц
ϢľӡͷϢˣҪȥ翪ᡣ
ɽҲϻ¶ɴ˵ˣܽᣬһ·Ÿˣһ֪Ӧӣǿô֣
֪˵֪ʶҪֵأղɽô˵ģе㲻ţ޻Ըֵء
ԣô¡
Ƚ·ŸˣǸ֪ʶꡣ
ľСͷ˾ý·ŸĸһǳߣùܣʱǶͱȥ̫ã·ŸĶ˰Щ˷ŵʵĸλϿǴкô
ӣ˵
ӵվѡ֪ɣǴ·ŵЩ嶼ãɶ£ּۺһ
ӵվѡ֪ࡣ
ɽԭÿӷ֪࣬ٷ·ŵˣȽƽû뵽ҶҪ֪࣬Ҫ·Ÿġ
ͷˣ֪͸ֱӷ֡
ֵɽӣľվȻǶѡ֪࣬ǽ·ŵ˰ɣţӦöס¡
ɽľӷڣİ壬ˣɽӽ·ŵˣ֪ʣµļӾƽְɡ
ӹӵ˶ЦŸлľӷľӺһˡ
˶ˣľӡͷٺٴЦԼ˱Լ֪
صϣȥţ֪ͨǣ컹·ţһӾ͸סһ¡
Ҷؿڱ֤϶û⣬һǾɽӵķչס
ľĵͷˡ
Ŷ߹ʦܽҪ˰ɡ
ҶͷϢûĻӦþһ
ܽҶʦŶҪʦүҶȥɽɼ֮һдŷȥȰ˵ܿеʦʦʦǵɽ
¶Ҳһ͵ģ˲ٹϵŰѴҴӳŪ
ŶĻЦˣӢͬҲҵʦֵʦֵƤӿɱһ˵ԺɽܻӭʦλǲҪȡŶ
ˡ
Ŷ⻰СЦˡ
ֹ뷨ʦҲҲһֱȰ˵иĸɽӣɶġ
ʦĵİְʦѧ¹ʦĵѧˣɽӵλܶš
׿̫̫һӷҢҲҪ
ľӡͷȥֵǴӵˡ





50.   50 ţž


ɽ빫粻Զ, ߵÿʮҲ͵ˡ
ľ뿪СʱʦĽŵڴȥʱʱ쳤ӣһɽû
ҶҲڴڵ, ǲŲæ, ˵ʱ, С޶, ǽ¡
Ҹ˵, ֹǷʦ½ú, ҵĹ½Ҳ, Ҹ˵һ˵һʬĹ¡
ֻǽʬɫ, ŧ, ۾ʣһɫĶ, ÿɰСޣֻʣͷ, žץסһޡ

, Һ¡
û, ڵϣüСޱſޡ
Ҷˣޣޣүүһˣ¶Ǽٵ
ҶæҺһŰѼ޺ˡ
ߣǻ, ǲ棬ߡ
һޣõ֣żС飬СŽŵˡ
ҶװĨһ¶ͷ亹
ľһϣĵϣѧհڳtƣһľ賯µʦĺʦʦˣ
ĶأĶأ
ģ϶ɽ°ߣȥӭһ¡
ҶסļͼʦģСɽȥ
Ӵͷôûķ⣬ڼˣҶݵֻʣƤǵܽڣЦһ䡣
һ·ڵһϢܽڣԼһִͽԵĶӶ͹ˣӹĲ
ҶٺЦĶƤġ
ͷôأʴӳǲԼģ
˽ľӾӵ϶ˣ˺ðȺ֣ˣǴռˡ
ǺǣҶǴļָǴʳ˲١
Ƚ¶һЦݣӦõģǹ͸õȥס
Ҷ߸ʦĵĿģʦܹס裬һ棬ʦҦ濴Ŷ̫ãҦ濴һЩϻ˿ڡ
裬ҺǡѾǳ˵ʦģһӵĸĸ̲סۿ
ʦþòĶӣɫϴްµĺܡ
Ҧڡб򣬵ʱʣһˣ̧ͽҽԺżһҲ㣬֪úǱʲôġ
ʦסӣޣһ˺úþһͺѵˣҪϧ
ʦǿЦ˵ĶԣɽӾûˣӳǶǺˡǶҽǾȥҽһúõ塣
ʦҦ涼￴Ӽ¼ɽӵҲ֪ˡޣһŶһֻ֣ɽߡͬеļˣֻһӵӰܰĺܡ
˯ķҲˣûȥɽ½ˣճ緹ãӻģɴڴڵĳϵʦ
ڸյʱһȺ˻ɽ£һˮСŻȥһ´ɱҿӣð
Ŀˮһ㣬ŵ򶼺һˣɽ˲ߵڡ
վӴʦڵˣСʱˣʦˮһڣͶƤˣˡ
Ƚ治벻ȵʦܣʦܵԣôҲΪе顣Ҳƽϣ˹ȵ´ɱһӣʣµİ뱭ˮˡ
ʦҢϲĿС߹׿ڡ
׿ڶ۰ĵ΢΢һЦҢˣվˣȻؼңʦ׼ް
ϴһްķҢƴסҪۿᣬӦһ
ҢΪ׿ڵѧǣæϵ⼸궼ɨ͡йȥȥ껹㶳ڽͷѰнӼã֪Լܻܲڡ
ţ˶ڴڵţſ޿ģľӿΣҲ֪Щ·ŵ칫粻żȻƾˡ
ڷĺܣҶˣҲˣԸȥůů͡
Ǿллӳˡ
ҶõľӼ򣬴һȺ˻ţ
ţӣңŶġһŶסΪӴ󣬴ָǽֳ䣬סˣмǼǵݣƽʱԷ졢쿾
˲ˣľѸһݵӸ׼ʱס
ݡ桢ţݵӾʣһˣ꽫ţ϶ҪԱ
ʯͷˣԱǶ¶ûԹԣ֪Ķˣǰٺˣĺôɶء
ľݿ﷭һҩء鿴ȥȫľߴߴ
ʦʦ۾ˣҲҪ²˼϶ϾͿ޳ˣû뵽ʦʦˡ
Ǹ׿ڵѧϵЬӶˣ¶ĽĴָܲϵõһ޻¶ˣòҰ
ľ̰Աϣ¶Ŀ
¶Ůͷľһ·϶вģȥүүһˣ϶Ʋ
˵ۼƲء
ȥҶүүүүȻҩøңҸҩľ̫䣬һҲš
Сľȶȥˡ
ҶżҩСľҽҪ鷳ˡ
ľ̽ӹҩЩҩĴ󲿷ּﶼдζҩУҿɶģҼҲζҩģȻҾȥүүãĵҩ衣
ҶҲϹأˡ
Ҷľҳţ
ţ߳緹ʳһֱˮѾˡ
Ƚϴɾϵۣʮӣоȫë׶ˣҶްһͷʪͷͳˡ
ôզ᲻չԼͷɣҿ㲻Ͼ͵÷ոðɱȾҡҶŵվԶ
Ƚһ۹ȥһȥ￾𣬲ͷݵĻûöˣȫůڵ˯
Ҷ֪һѼɽõͷʦϸˣͷĶŶӡ
дҵ׳׳ܹҶʦҪͷ
أȰСñȡ
׳׳ԹԵİëñ¶ͷҶ¸ˣɾͷСñӡ
׳׳оԴˣСȥҴĺ档
һ
ȽȷʵͷջûŪĸһ㡣Ƚȥ
ҶӼôȽͷһñӣͷʼ
ĵ㣬Ҷûȥľңľ׳׳ܹˣ׳׳ﱧһżƿҩӣľһС̳ơ
˵ÿ˯ǰһСڵ塣
Ƚʦǻ֪զ£вҩǳʶûвúȾƵġ
ҸңšҶܹľľ̳ӡ
ľ費˵̳Ӹ̷ţܸ㡣ľѾ̳ӵݸϿ̷ڡ
ҶţѵܺһȺҩƺȣ
¡׿ڡڼЦһЦͱӣ˭֪þƣƷŵǶŲȫ˼̷ڲþƣǶٰȫˡ
˲֪ʲôһͷˮʦЦŸ˵ҶҽȥľƭƵȤ¡
Ҧ˾úЦƾôã
ʦĿ϶ĵͷôã




51.   51 ʰس·

תۼ, ʦҦ浽ɽѾһˣһµ ʱѾɽ Ӽҽ 
һʱۿɼ  ɫرԺһЩ ʦ, ͸ʱһϢ,    , ż  ѵ ӵ 
׳׳ʱ·, ̲ס, ʦʦô  ˻ʦʦ ְֺװÿ, ҪվԶһ㡣
Ҧ 徭һµ , ԭ һЩСëϺ, ȥҿ, ϸ, ˵ûɶ ⣬, ƽʱעⲹӪɶ 
 緽ҢȽܽҲ ãٳҩ
Ǻ,  Ǽ ᶼе㲻, ԭǴ Ҷľҵ ơ
 ˼ 棬װ Ӷˣһ˵ÿԣóҩȽǸƤ ֱܲٳһʱҩٵ  һЩ
  гҩ ã
Ҫ˵ֱˣô ¶ ӵ Ҷֱֱȥá
Ǯܽʵ
ɶǮ, ҵʱͲȥ ǣˣ ϴ Ե    Ǯ Ҿ϶ǮҶն ˵
ܽڿһۣҲûǮߵ ʱʦ˻飬ﶫˡ
ûϢûϢǰô ߵ ʶ˵Ӽһңһͽܰ  ˣȫ ˡʦͽ Ҫϡ
ʦҦ һۣʦ ʦͽǸһһЩǮҶ֪ľǲƶǮһ̳
һ̳ûҲ֪
ǰȵ Ķ  
ȻǴľѾͷƭ ҶƤ̫죬ӰԼ 󣬡ǸǼȻǮȥľʣʵϱ ľǸѾͷúãһ㲻֡
ʦĵͷҶʦ˵ ԣ׿ ʱ࣬ ྫ񡣡
ʦĶˣȥľʡ
ʦľòõ磬 緹磬ɴ ȥ
ҲС
ȽҲǮɴҲȥ ŷû¶ ȥľҹ䡣
һ£֪ԱǲųǣһûСһΣֻд ЩҪȥί 
Դ ҵҲ  Ҳҳţ һ䡣
ʦһڵľңԺŴ򿪵 һ¶ϱ ݲˣܲϴһѡ
ľӡ
¶ŤͷЦŵӴⲻʦʦʦʦɣɺˣ
Ҧʦģʦĵ 裬СҦУʦĵ ְ֣ʦ⼸ллչҼʦģ⺢᲻£鷳ˡ
ˣһ ѣܽڡȽҢ
¶ɾϵ ˮ߹ Һã۾Ե֣ ǧ ǽ̰ɣ
Ե ֪Сľҽ  ң
¶ЦһС ңǽ̾ˡ أǽ 
 ݻԱ߿ɻ ḷ̌  ѣ ľ ߴкľ¡
һżˮӶϴ ɸɾ ձӡ
ľ̸ ҵ ϺͶүүүүһҦҪʱ Ȼе ҲƽʱעⲹӪϢұ֤ǵ꿪
ľŤͷҦ棬Ҧ̣ҿԸһЩ ҩ裬ҩƣҪһ°ɡͺúš
һµ ҪǮ
Ҳû׬ǵ ǮֱӸǱ˳ ۣǮԭԤƵ һ롣
 ҩƣжǿ϶Ҳ֪ײ  
֪֪Ǿ鷳Сľҽˡ
ľ̵ͷЩûɶѶȡ
Ǹô 
ʲô ƣľ̿Ƚ
þǲơȽľɫֵȻҲԡ
׾ҿһЩҶʮǮһǮˡ
  ľֱ̼ʨӴ ſڣ ٻ ¥ Ȼר ę́ҲŰ˿ǮһƿǶ ˣһ ƲëǮһ
УȽóʮǮ
ľ̳溰̣װ׾ơ
ˡ
Ҫһɡʦ롣
ľҵ ƺʦҲеͨ׾Ʋľҵ ҩƣӦҲƺðɡ
ľƿһһƿ ʦһƿȽƿ
Ҷȥʦţܽڻӿ㡣
Ҷ ƺһκȵľҵ ׾ƣǰյ ʱΪ ˽ľ͵ ǵ㣬һپ͸ˡ
Ҧҩӵ ҩɽûУڶ ɽˣǺ絽ľá
һȺ Ÿǻţ
ţԵ ׺̲ˣһƬ
ȽŸһ׾ƣ Ҷ һڣڸᣬηþƣ
Ƚһ һ㣬 ҳҺŲę́
Щ  ˣǼ ö Ҳ١
ľҵ ƣǲȾƵ ̷ҲԸֻľҵ ƣŵ𡯾 
ɽ ӵ ʳѾô ˣľһʳƣҢ ʡ
ɽ Ӳ֪ľиʦס ɽϣƶǴɽϴ 
ӵ  
  ֪ ϶һ 
ԣҪô ̵ ľǸ Ѿͷ
ǣһ˴ 뱲ӻô  ô ֵ ӡ

ľ̰һƿҩ衢һƿƸʦģ 
ºľæúܣ⼸춼û š
ľҸ ׼ Ҿ߶ˣ⼸æŰѼҾ߲𿪵 ľ˵ȥ ӵ Ǯһ˸ߡ
̣ĨùҲһ ҳ
ӰᵽǱȥ
ҪΡľһ
Ҫȥүү 
ľ һֱϲľүү Σⲻ¼ľүүɴһš
ľһ׷ӣһľ̵ ŵ ľүүס ľľ
Ů ס һ㣬ƽʱҲչˡľŵ ҲǵԺܰæ
  ʮߣ Ӵɾô ľ ﲻþ 
Ҫǽ ɣ϶ ·û  Ҳһ¡
ǣ ꣬Ҳ㣬ֵúܡ
¶ҲŮˣⶼ û ˣͷӣô 
ľүүҲסһסӣͷͬ⡣
˵ ꣬ľ ӡһشʳһЩɻٽľ һҽǡ
ľҲʼϢľȥùüң֪ͨ  £ ·ϣ컪Ҳˡ
ľүүľľ ȥʳ׼ȥɶʲ
Ӵϴ 㣬ǼҰ
һ Ů߹ԼĪʮҡ
ľ̺һЦԣǼңǸڵ ɣĶ ȥ
Ǹ  ܣԣǾס Ժⲻȥʳѽ æ Ŵףۿ͹ˣ͸ ûʱˡ
ľ̵һȥʳպøһ·




52.   52 ½ܶ


ڶ, ﶼżˡľ͹ϳߣʱ򣬼ſڱֽơ
ľ̡ľӢҲڱ￴飬ľȥվҵһ¥Ρ, ͵͵Ĵ, ûü, ͱľӢӷ֡
ǴСӴ, ڴʲô, Ͻ, Ļ͵ݿ, үѾѻˡ
ľȥ¥ϰһСӴӴϸ
ϳɶľȥ
һ, ϡͰ, ÿһѼ
Ѽó, ȫͣ׻, ϡóԵĺܡľһ߳ѼһճĽиʦ, Ѽôóԡ
ڼ𣿡
һ극ų, ճ˽š
һţʮŮˣϴЦ
ã˭
һɣסǸڴԺģҷľӡ
㰡컹˵, лȥʳ￾𡣡һ䣬ݡ
ľ̶룬Ĵھӡ
Ӵⷿĺãǰ滹иСԺأ
ҲСԺ׿ĵط
ҲСˣö˼ôĵطöһˡ
¶˽æզô磿
ЦŵⲻȥûָʵĲһ͹һٺõġ
УԵȵңȥѡ
أżļӣʮӣ޿ľŮ޿Ҳɿɰϵѣ࣬ŮϵûС
ãǸ˼ңСŮܼ޵ãҽԼסһ״ӣһҲ㡣
뵽ͰĿŸ߸׳׳ľ
߰ɡľŲӡ
ľӹ¶ӣҸһȥ
ѶƱó컪Ʊȥ
컪ܳȥƱľඵ
ľҵţͿˣľӣҴӳĿ׳ʵһǸСӡ
УӳĶͦߵġ
Ӷˣ϶ö˼ɡˬʵĺܣһҲֱӾʡ
Դľȥֹ¶ûٱ⻰ʮ˰ɣͻСŵ˵¶Լûء
ʮҲСˣϱҲÿˣ󣬽鲻켱СŮѾʮˣôľҴӴ꣬ϲá
ֻﻰ˵СŮбҵôôá
ľ࿴һۣ˵Ҿ˵ĶԣӻҪãҲ𼱡˵ֶ¶ɩǲ˵ϱҪԶһģ
¶ͷҲô˵ģˣ̵ʱ˵ɶС˼ҼҵģЦˡ
æҲǣҽҲܰ֡
˵ҲжԣɣͻСҪʮɡ˵¶ľ࣬ʱг졣
첻ò廰Լдӵ˿ɲң۲˼£òľңɲҪȡ
¶ֲɵ￴˼ϱ¶ɲ֣ӡϱ˼ɡ
ĸŮڳǱߵг˶ʮƿ顢һ鶹ƶѿصʮͷ
ſںֿԺţľ˵ˣҪ˵Ҳ̫żˣӺ޲Ǿͬ£ͰŮ
զˣһ
ľЦ˼ҵۣһΧ˵СŮܸɡƯ
һҲЦֶˣۼҵĴȣΪЩˣ
ݵľ⻰ˡ
ľչ磬Ҹɶģ
ȥһȥľ˼
˵˵ڶǴˣզˣͱСһ꣬զûء
컪ľȥҲʮˣ¶Ҳĺܡ
궯İ
ľڸľһ˵ǽ˵ëû룬ûʮʵ㡣
ľҴľӡľֵܿʼûģ¶ҲúӴһȽϺʣúӶྭ¡
һȺľ˵ĻһӰˡ
ľͼ嶹峴ƶѿ㶹⼦
緹ûһľҵֱˣ
ľеˣôˡ
һȥţվһʮҵĹ
ڸ׷ľүүľȥľװȥˡ
ѽǼҷӿǲһҲżǹġóЬסԱߵĹżúõĲ
ҼСŮ㡣ֶ˵ľӡ
ǺЦСʺá
һͷ˾СƯ
һֻǽݣľСʹĸŮڿ
ľӿһۣǼСӣҰᶫ
ľŴӳţһСӡ
ľ̡ľӢǰһСӣľලľӢҵľӢӱһѧѵĿԴ
ͲһľĲһȥСһ¹ϵҵɶĿŶ
ˣԣʱɼɺˣǰϵǰʮʦġ
ľӢòľܾ鷳ˣԼ롣
ÿҲû£Ҹ㿴СһľӢӵѧ⡣
ľӢɻĿľһۣ˵бҵ𣿸ɶѧ⣿
ľҲһ⣬զ֪
㣬ýһ䡣
㿴ӣεЦЦǻ̲ʦû˵
ľӢһãȻḷ̲̌𣿡
ûС
ЦӦǻ̲ˡ
Ťͷľ˵ôСڶСѧɣ֪
ľЦ˼Ҫ㣬ӢǸе⣬㿴
ĸŮϹҲסʣСֶŮҲǸ
ǣѾбҵˡ
εЦЦҺӶ鶼ͦģʮбҵû뵽иСġ
һΧ⺢ӶǱȽ磬Ҫ⺢̫ѧ
ѧôСбҵĸŮһֶš
һûҲվߣһֱͷ߻
¶ϴֹ¶ĵӲŻؼҡ
ľӢ˿ѽ㿴ҵˣҸоҪˡ
磬죬߻ʱʱ̧ͷǽһۣ͸¶һᡣ
ľҲ￴е̵С׻ǲ𰡡
ߣһľҵϵЦûˣصҰѶˤϡ
ˣ˭
Ҽ飬ҲЦľôң
ôô㶼úľҪȻҵõõ˼ԼȥһĲˡҺ˼һҳˡ
ûУľ׷ӣһһףСѾͷƬӶһף޳ȥˣľˣԺ׷֪ҪԺ󻹿͸һסԼú롣ȥ
侲ԣܾôס߿ˣ˶ʱתѡסԺӣٲ˺ﳳܣǹˡ
ľҶãôķӣֻһݾͱǼСһ㣬ôĳ¥ҡһҪ޸ľ




53.   53 ´һ־


ʮ, ⡢˵ζľҵŮڳæȻ졣
ȥƿͻ

ľŽƿӳš
ľȵȡ
ľŸ߳, ͱ˽סˡ
ǡڵǸ
㡣æ
ʲô£
΢, ¶޳Ĳ, ߺ, ҧź촽, ҡ˵һÿĵӰ, ûʱһȥ
ӰɶӰľϽʡ
صսҸ˵ɺÿˡ
, лл, ҺҼҵܵȥľȥ͡
ȵȡ
ɶ£
㲻һȥ㵲סľ·
ľﷳ, ô
, ұߡľվԺſڿס磬ľһ
֪ˡľƹ, ȥ硣
ͷľĿƵĿ, Ҳ׷ȥ, ֻܼװɢ
ôϽʡ
һ꣬ûӦ
ɶ£Ů²ءˣջ𡣡
Ժһ˼ĸŮĶԻݶԼ˵ĸŮʱ治Ҫ˼°ǼСӣ治
иŮ, һֱĲ֪ͣ°ǼӵĴӣͬ£һֱľкøУЩͬѧ֪¶
ڶһ緹͵͵ܵס˵¡
Ϣ˶ըˣȻǽǡ
ҾãбҵͲͬһֱбҵ˽֣ľλͿˡľøߣһװˣȥˣû뵽ľʮ꣬ò֪֮ʮ׼󣬾һֱء
ľøߴٶΪ˴¶ܲټڳ׷ӣڵλܻӭĺܣ꣬岻֪˶Ů꣬ͺýĴ
ǿӣҽˣһ۸㳤ԣ֪ɶ˲ǡߣӲټһڵĸоҪȥԴư
ǿĻģȥһȺС飬ȥ
㣬ҳ
ĽסǸԺļ˶
͵֣ſſڵķ϶⿴
㵱ȻҲˣ溰ڶʱ򣬲òš
壬һģҼɶվſڣΧһȦС꣬һ
ЦʱˣҵһҲһξ㣬ľҿϵˣԺ͸ߣҪȻĻҾͰС˺Ǿԡ
ɫףƾʲô
ƾҳ
Ѿͷô˵ģ᲻˵˵ؼọ̃̽һ˼֣
ҽҲվˣҵġ
ᶼҪˣǿŵɶˣ㿴ϵ˾ģڶɣ㻹˼Һ˭ãϲҴɶϵ
ѽ˰ɣ㹴ľ
ľպ仰
ľ
ľȴæûУûУûб
Ҷľָæǣû㴦˵һ仰
弱æʣ˵ɶˣ
˵вӰÿСصս˵͵ܵһȥ
·ץѱһ㣬Ťͷ㣬ҿ㲻ˣ⻹ûϰ
ߵ޳켱ĳѾͷƬӣ£ﲻ͡
ԺھӸæȰֵĲÿùˡ
ƼǱߣŮȥ鷳ȥˣƼҷ޸æ׷Ůˣô˵أС㣬˻£ԼӲ̺ãԹ˼šҪ˭ԣ輱ˣߣӾҪȥ
ǿϽס裬С˼һѵġ
ˣˣģҶ˵һ䡣
ǣǣ䣬һݿ𡣡
Ļ˼Ȱ䣬ѴŸϡ
Ťͷ壬ָСѾͷԴҿǾû֪أôµ𣿶ʮĴˣ㳤вУ
Ŵ˵ĶͷС˼Ҿϲľ
ľ˳ĬվſڣһŮǡ
ľ˵ϲҲ
ǸĹͼͥûû뵽ôõһϲ
裬ľǿָָվſڵˡ
Ƽ˲ſľһˡ

εա
ľЦѾͷθڣɩ㿴δϱô
һҲϲȻһ㣬ǶԶӵû˵ؼ˳Ȼû˵ڼǸ㣬Ҷϲ
ûҪӡһǺЦ
ĸƻһ㣬ʱ֪ˣ豳
һҲľ˲˼Ҷô˵ˣҲ̬Ҳ˼
ľӳ棬ƴ硢ƴɩ䣬ǽġ
ưҲ¿ľӽľҵšΧŵһȺСɢˡ
ǼӲ޵İɡǽϵİ׻Ҷµĺܡ
ľӹЦԵģǰģⲻﺢӴˣ׼Ժá
Ҳҿ˿ǰһԺӣݣ滹иԺӣݲϡ
˶źúýģ˵һѣˡ
ľƼ˾Ͳƴˡ
ľںԺ죬ϻĺܣϵĺξû
ľҼӶڶ¥棬͸Ǵ紦
ǲ𣿡
ɶ㿴ƽ϶Ǻġ
Ǿȵĺܡ
·Ͳˡ
ްɲҪð

Էˣ¥ں
ߣԷˡڴߵ¥
緹ԵĺܺгһĿһպãһЦ۾ˣڿѣ
緹˳һ裬ˡ磬˵ﻹ£ľһǳš
ߵʱľ̻ıӰƽ㣬һȥӰ
ã
ľһ¾ãﲻҲ˵úú˼Ҵ
Ƽߣصңְѵһ飬һɵЦһӦ
̾ľһǲģľ⺢ҲͦãԺͺúô
æͷ۾ﶼ˸Ƶġ




54.   54 ӵ֪


ʱľ̶, úܿ졣䣬ɽ֮䣬ڼߣ·תۼͳɳΪһʮĴˡʱ, ѾһĴ졣
ں칫ӵ֪˵, µÿһ춼, ÿ춼ڸĸźͻسǵжȹ
֪㡣
, ڲڣ
, , ûϡƿһ㴰, ԲӢ
ӢѾʮ, һϺط, Ѿˡ
ô, òϰ㲻ڴϱ, ʲôؽ©
˵˵
ȱ, Źؽˡ©ˡ
Ӣɴű, ֣첽ߵЬѡ
ӢС˵ѽˡ
һˮɶ
컹Ԫڣϵ֪඼ȥˣӵ֪һȥ, Ǳ֪
ûȥӢʱһ͸ȥˡ
źϼֳ¡
ɶ¶
źϼһԱˣ˵ץסСֺءɶˡ
ˣ˼Ҹɶ
˰ɣɲǺ˼̸ǲɻҸũ飬ҪȻΪĸĿũ񣿡
Ҳ˼Լѡ񡣡
Ӣ̾ҲûаԵ˼ǰҰдţҵܵҪ飬ǮƱţϰͲҼˡѰ˼ŵҵܽ˻飬ϱ϶ҲԸҡ
ҲĬˣǰòһҵֵһҲʣˣʲ׼Ĺӣ磬ﲻ
سũѧʸûУطĹˡ
ʵ͵˽ҲǸѡ񣬵ǵһйģͿԻسǡ
ԳѵҸйģǹһ˾ɶģСȥûֵõǡ
ҲһҸ˵ɽǸɽ֪ɡ
ɽ˭֪Ψһû֪ĴӣǴӣɽϾϻҰǣûԸȥɴͰ·ŸЩˡ
ǲҪСˣһ¡
ӢٺһЦͲ֪˰ɣɽľңǼڳдӣ޸бҵȫˣǰЩӳ˵ǼҺüϱⲻǸû
һ˼ҿϣǸбҵģ֪㳤ÿģ㲻ȥԣ
еĶˡǣ֪㳤ÿŮ֪࣬Щ޿˵ƯһǺ¡
װʣɽɽϣɲɡ
ⲻǰǼҽǹ꣬ӳſ춼ԪˣҲ˰ɡ
Ӣߴﹾ˵һӳźͼͷŮ˿ľҵЩ£
˵ľи¶ôоеϤĶ
Ԫںڶ죬ľ˾ͻɽˡ
⼸ﺢӶбҵˡߣǰľˣһӣһһ㣬ͷԵĿɰˡľʮ꣬ӣһ˾ϲܣ¶ʺʱ٣Ҳûҵġ
ߣľľͬ꣬ԽίίһԱڵλʶһڴľʮˣǰμ˸ֳйԣڻڵϢľӢӽʮ꣬õ³Сıʲ³£ľţܿվ˽ŸȥڳʶһСӣҪˡ
ľѾʮ꣬ʮĹˣСӪãѾһˣһۿȥڻڼҴţϿΡѧҽ
Ӷйľ̡Լ֪ͨľүүһؼҡ
ľ˼ǮľӽһЩȥسǵķӸ͵żӽˡͷжζĺܡ
·磬һȺ֪ڹ¥ĵ˸߲ң֪˵ɶ¶
һʶľ̵ĸŮĺһ¶ֻǽǻˣ
¶Ťͷȥӵˣأɶأ
ûɶ¶֪ۻᣬ֡
Ӣ۲쵽ӳϱĶϽ֣Сľˡ
ľһﻹŶ¶˵´ġ
ˣ˳ộ
Ҹҷչõһ֧˵ǰһɢ룬֪ȥСʱ̻ûȥʱżһһ֧궦ʢʱڵʢ̻̾һ䣬ǻСʮźȥĶǰӵڰŶ
ûǴĻ֧ΨһС㣬־ͽ¶
Ŀúܣһ˵£ңҪıˣ
ɽӡ
صľүүϣĲԸ⶯
ģľûö޻Ͳһεĳ޵ӣӴϵµߵİֶʣµ޻ľһһСͷͷԱСͷ
ľӿųԽԽƯĹֽ̲סģ̣Ҹɶģ
⻰ľʮ꿪ʼѾˣľӻһֱ̲סʡ
һѲıľˣܻܲ˵ﶼˡ
ľүүһ¶̰벻ȥ㶭үү˵سиλרҩоġ
ȥʲô̽ʮꡣľӲԸ⡣
һľһۣ˰°ʮˡ
ľҲϸǹ飬۾ǣʱ빤
үү¶˵ɣȥһ˶û
ȥɶ
Ϊɶҩɶ벻ۡ
˭˵ģǻϯС𡣡˵ľˡ
˵ˣȥΪҩģԼϯῡ
⼸ϵĸϯҩȥ꿪ʼѾûдˣɽҩȷʵҲ࣬мζҩоҪ޶ͺˡţɴ໻һط޶
ϯ⼸һֱһŵĽ̶ȣǰ꿪ʼϯе㲻̫ԣģɶ˼
ҲϯǲǶɶ뷨ϯ῱绹һ꣬Ѿʮһ˰ɣʮ꣬ô۵ĲӦҲ²ȥڰɣ
УҲͬ⣡ľնһû
ľ̴˼㲻ͬɶ
Ҳͬ£ľҧ
ɶ˵ȥ밡ôǮɶŸɶǱôҩģڼ۸ֱˣôܴ룬˲ζˣҸ˲ξƣ¹׾벻ҪҸ˵ʵҩŪãúȵĺŶ
ȻҪ¹׾ƾôһ㣬ûˣȵĺܡ
ľʣҪҪһȥ
ľһ̹̬ȣľҲû붫С˼
ҪæˡľţȻŮȥȥɣڼҲòѡ֪˭ʱȥ
費ڼֳǱ߾ˣϰ໹һµʱ䣬ȥһ˶ӦļһӾСĻڼҡ
¶ô˵˶òľȥʶ




55.   55 в


ľҶ, ˵ȥľһûȵ￪ڣһĵͷ, , Ը, һչ˺, óС߽֮ڡ
ľû, СֶŮһȥȷʵȫ, СӸˡ˵, СֶŮôĺþ, զܾܾ
Щԥ, Сӿ˸, ȴǸСԣʲô¶
淵ı, ľ־ȥ, Ҷûȥ, ǣҶûʡȥʶ
ľ˵ȥһȦҲУ˻𳵣ô˵ҲгԱɶ¶˶ϯǺӣӦɶĵġ
ôһ, ǿӦľ˵ȥḷ̌Ҫȥ
ľŻҪ׼һЩ·õĶƱȶȫƱҪȻһЩš
ľëԼȥҸˣҽˡ
Ű첻ɶǮƱˡ
ľ̻¶ˣȥԶҪ϶׼һǮƱǲ֧Ԯһ㣿
ؼһûʱ䣬ľҪǡ
Ҫ𲽣һܵĹס˳ҵǮأżŶûС
ѵ̫ܵŪˣһʮǮأô찡˵۾ˡ
һͬĿʮǮͨ˼˵һǮ
ƱԱʹˣСǰôޣȱˣȥسǰ¶ǮҪȻȥ´ȥٵһԶˣ·ȥԶˡ
ȥһݣ˵мڣ´ȥ˵ͳˡ
ƱԱ˸취Ǻ칫˰ɡ
ǣǺ칫ӵ֪ࡣ
ûк칫ˣܲܽǮһ³ѣ
æͷһȥͻӵ֪ģǷˡ
ľ֣Ǻ칫ɽӵģǮƱԱ
млλͬ־ͻ㡣
ľӻ֣ʾ¡
ͬ־ʲô֣
ҽľ衣
ľķ羰ȥҪЩɶ
źۼĴľ裬·ľɽӵ£ľŪȥˡ
ɽӵĺӣСͱ˽ţ²׼˵˭ҲͰ򡣳֮󣬾͸˵¡
سǣľߣϽϣľ費֪զ£
ܸܲһȥҺسǣ߶ˡ

ľ֪˵ɶãûգҪֱӻȥ

ľһԶˡ
ţûľڳĵַȰԼ£ֱȥɽ̯ƣ¶ˡ
ľûȥԼң㶼ϰ࣬ûˡֱӾȥ·죬Ҳϳľҵݣݺݸľһۡ
ľװûߵſھš
ŵǴɩ壬զֻˡ循ȣϲߵ
ľٺЦݣСֶӣ˵ȥ¡
ƱȫƱɶ¶Լܰˡ
ô̳ţĺܣû޽ľң֪ǸŮū
ľЦ̵̰ҩƣ˵ȥҩġ
˵ľҵҩƣҲĶȥؼңɶû͹עľҸͶپơ
¶ȥҪ
֪ܲǰɣи¶ҪɩæľٺֱЦ
ɶ¶
ľʳָĴָһǮĶ
ǼԣĲ㻹ˡ
ǲһǸҵǸǵⲻǡľһ
屻һӶЦˣУˣʮǮۣ
ľһӣɽ
СֶʯͷҲѧСӣСžȥû죬Сֻۣ۵ĿľϽš
ϴҶ°ˣľ谤Ұ٣ʮǮڶ磬Ŷľ޿Ļؼҡ
磬ؼңһ֪ࡣŴڵСϽ档
֪ࣿ˵ģ
֪ˣͻء
صһûˣԺȴǴ򿪵ģľȥ󲮼ңһ˶ڡ
ëǮѵģ
ľһЦëǮݸ
ľӹǮûһֱ̡
Ӧỵ́¶أҲصҲϣҵĿԣһѡ
ľЦһôѲҪ˵ô׵ġҸ˼ຣαǼңƾҼʮǰĸ̺һ֣Ц칫綼֪үү̵ӻĵɽ壬ƾһ仰ǿñӣҿûӳţ
ΪֵʵˣϾܷϵ˵ģ̣𣿶ңҲ޸ĸӣ𣡡
ǳˣ˳ƯǸֻҪǵĻᣬ϶ҵΪ˳Էĸ
¶ϱƽɻĿȻҲʶûټЩľҹúã·밤ħҶ
¶̾ĳ˵԰Ů֤ݣȥٱ˵¶ʲ׼ĹӣǶǵĻͲҪ˵ˡ
ľ˼ᶨģӦðҸ̡֧
ûʲô˵ģľҲλ֪࣬ذɣ
ľ軹ţզ£Ůݣ޸Ǽ޸磿޸ø磿
裬ȥ
ŶľӴлع
һϣϲÿֻվߵԺſڣȡһ£ľԣϣٿһ¡
ľϱҲã߰ɣ
һ沶˵ϱҪ
̣ôˣľ̿¶ˣϽ
¶ᣬŵĵĿĶӡϱŮϰûɶǸпطʮˣû뵽Ҳû뵽Ѿ䵽زˣҲҵﵱѡ񡣡
Ǽֵܽɢ룬ЩϵĲ࣬Ҳûлعʾ֪̽ľѾˡ
ڴϣľ̵ĸпʱ͸¶δָ߿ϢһϣɣֻҪϣͻȥ
˵ľٱϣһ㣬ǧУҪȻ֪ڸѵɶ
ľҲ˵¶
ʲôͷһһ仰ˣһӶϱ
ʱȻľ˲ϣʵʲôֵﶼ
Ķ࣬³ɶԤϵ£ҪһŪߣں칫ôQľҲŪصũֵ¶ﲻܣȹһ¡
һľӾѹˡ
ľ⼸ĨǵĴ¶ȷ̺һҡëģһ벻Ȣ¶Ҫ߸㡣
ľֽˡ
ϣľҼΧһľŶӣ¶ٸûϵ
ľջ𣬡ʱ˵ɶأΪǴҾͲҴ㡣
Ҳľ⻰еǷ򣬲ǰοܵܣģҶԼ˽⣬ֻҪǲ϶ǡ
Թš˽⣬ĻŮˣǾлԺȻߣǺ͵˵㶼һˣľҵš
˵ͷôɩ˵е
ȥ˯ɣйˣ컹Ҫ
ľֱʣˣҲģڶֻȥˡ
ôɣϣľľŤͷߣں׷һû׷ϡ
ľľ˵¶ľҲе겻ɢ
үү̣Ҫǽסһʱ䣬Ŵɩһʯͷ
ľӸϽҾӿԣǲҪȥ׼˾ȥɣҿ豻׷ĸƵġ
һɽӣ󷽷˵ľ衣
壬ҿһڼңҪӣæúܡ
ľүү˵ˣҾУôĵأҲɲˣ괺Ϣһ¡
˶ͬ⣬ľҲû
ڶ죬ڴľ̡ľȥ˳ľ̺ľͲˣʱֱȥ
ϢһҲԥСߡ
ڶ磬ľ˸ա





56.   56 ȥ


˵ط͸绰
硢ǵλĵ绰Ǻˣ
Ǯһպã
һӰľ̡ľϻ, ڻ𳵴᲻뿪
ľ̵ͷοһ䣬֪ģҶպ, ˵طĶҲȥ, ͵ϯǡ
, , Ҫעⰲȫ
֪֪
Ҫ, ǿվԶһ, ȫ
ء
𳵿, ľӻǺ, ˴绰
ľԽԽԶվ̨, Żܵĵ, ̲סеޡһӣļ, ôļˣԼ顣
Ǽʹĵ, Ȼһ֧, 
ϱȻʦëëżʱҲ룬ѵô𣿲ҪӵҪȻΪʲôҪϣ
ⱲӣеĲѹһһ
Ǹ˵ĺӰ
㿴Ŷȥһ㿪ˮ
ľȥųᡣ
ľ̵ͷ, Ӵ
Ƕ̣̣ľ̡ľ붩̵ģľ̲ϲ˶ϲһţɴ͸档
һˣƵĴУϳ˾Ͷˡ
ÿˮѼһְ̡ϴͷڷиϣöסŷ￪ˮҲŪȡ
С绹ͦϸĵģľһҽʼǡġ
Էˡ

´ȥˮϴ֣żͷ
̣˵ǾѶڴ£ʱô죿
㲻ĵĻͷ㴲ǰɣ˯
û¶
Ҳˣ˷֣ľڴϡ
ǴĶ࣬һһװ·İһ淾ñ䣬һްһްռϴĵطˡһõҩҩۡҩ裬Ĳ࣬ҪԤ˲Ӧ
ľ˯ʱްڴǣȡҩŵͷ棬װ·İܶ˵ˣҩǮƱܻö·
ľ̲ЩҪĶڿռ棬ЩҲۡ
⼸꣬ľѾԲǽڣֻŬһѣɹγԶţҲΪѰһԵ
ҹʱ򣬻𳵻λƵͣľΰѼоˣϳˣŤͷ棬ҩ˯˹ȥ
Ͼŵӣ˵
ѹڴϷ˼𴲣̫ůˡ
ⲻסľӴ̣ȥûгԵģ
Ŷ
ľҲ´ľĴλ£䣬ְѱϹסȽš
СϳûУһźӵŮ˺ƵĴкľȻۣȴͣһμ˶ΪǸʮ߰˵Ĵ
һжˣЩ˶ϴ˯ȥ
ľЦûУǶС
ҪҪˮҼǿһȥӵģڲ̣ڡ
ľ̿·ŵˮ˲ϡ˶涼ɫĴ󲼰һˮҲ֡
ллҸȥˮȥˡ
ҪźһܺȡŮһ㲻⣬ľǰĿձӵ˴뱭
лл
Ļɡľ̵ͷԼ֡
Һɰ
еֵȫЦݣСӿ׳θڴúܡ
˺䣬˽ˣǸģ㲻ȥİɣ
ľž˳
ӺڶǽˣӶˣôһֱ־ҲǸ¶ȥɳ˸ӪɲһĽ
ľ̿ΪЦ˵ĲˣҪԲԵǫ䡣
ľˡ
㶼ˮ
ҵġ
㣬Сľ衣
ľϡͷӰóһƿĢ˳緹
˷е㷸㱧˯ľҲȥ˯һ˯˾Ϳ顣
ϵģȤǺ˽̸⼸ľ˺ϵϵʱľȭľоĺܡ
֪Ҳȥȥĸӣһգãȥһطʶϯῡ
ľȤˣϯɶְλ
ʶΰΪϯڲӺʼ˵б֪Ǹ֪ʵҶϿɡ
ôǿΪ
ǰһαôᣬʲôףû˵ϯųθӪ
ľŹʣӪһ¹ʰʮſǮϯųÿ¹һʮһǮ֪ûҲᳬٿǮɣǰûְǮʸ١⼸꣬ϯҩǰǰһǮ˰ɡ
ǮҩģҲǹġ
ռСֶҵľ̴󲿷ʱ䶼ڴϡʱĻˣ˵ܵط
ϡ
¶ˡżĺϴ
ˣһզˣ
ӷˣô찡
ҲˣǰŴŵġ
𼱣ȥҳԱ
˱ˡ
ľһ裬ӣұﻹûˮˮ͵һӽ¡
УСһӣʪ˷ںӶͷϡ
ӲߺĿ
㼱Ķͷ
Աˡ
ԱֵͲ˿ɫͨĺӣϵҲҲҽָҽҩ䣬ȥһұҩ
С
Ӻ󣬳ԱҩûˣһЩðҩ㿴ܲã
⺢ֻܳЩҩ
ľСʣҩҪҪ
ǲӦ׼ҩ
Ҫģ鷳һšˣҩС
ԱľóһľƿӣһŻƺɫҩӣҩܲܳԣ
ܳԡ
еԥɶµӡ
ҩͻȻ˷ùҩϸ˿ϯóЩҩǲǼҸ͵ģ
ɶľͷ
ľ̳ԣµûϯ῵ҩǼ͵ģҩЧҿԱ֤
û⣬ӳȥҩ
Աˣ֪ɶɷ־͸ҸӳԣԻô죿
Իģ㲻֪ҩǲʮǮһҩġ
һŽˮﻯӳԡ
ԱסҲ˵ˡ
˰ҩŽˮһ壬ɺɫҩϸĸιȥӵݸֵͲǿ£һҩûС
Ա̾ҩôϸ
⣬ǿɲǣҪȻô󣿡
ãѾĵˣһҲ˯ţС̸Сʱ󣬺ϵ¶Ƚ
СӰҩܲңҳʮǮһţľ´Ĵ￴ЧҧҧҲһŴţ˭ﻹûиСҩЧôãټһҩҩºͶԺ˺СҪ
Ҳûж١ľ豧Լҩ
λĥӲ֮£ľ̴ӦţǮһš
ʱ˵ϯѾѼ۸񳴵ʮǮһţֱˣɽӣһҩֵһѶǣһż
ľҧȲȥһˣ




57.   57 ϯῳ


ĺպ, θڲãԶľ̽ľһɽ
ɽټҩ, С֮, оСӽ, Ļ, ҪԷ, Ҳ˲Ͻڼ, ȥų˰׸ɷС˻, Ӷι, Լ, ״׵, Եĺܣ
һ߸ιóԵ̫ҭ, һϻ߶㡣
￴⺢θڴ󿪵ӣֿɽ, ľҲС, šҪ뵽֮ǰ˼ʮǮĲ
ʱǻǱʮǮһŵĸ߼۸̼ˡ
ѵɽ裬ϴ˵ĺܣŤͷ ӲԷ¶²ڳһЩõ˼ҲʼͺӲԷʳ¶˾һ졣
ĿĵҪ»ǰ̵һ壬ҩ, ˵ϸ۲Щҩ϶Դʦ֣֮ûˣÿһЩر󷽣ͰʮǮһ򣬲ǽۡ
ľöһۣɢϢһҲյġðġӵġĵȵȣڶ߿൱ãҲһٿǮҩ
ľ˸߲ҵǮǮ̫ˡ
ľ̵ĴϵһҩһǮ֪Ľһҡ
³ǰľ̡ľ軻ȫװľ̻ϺĺɫްִӲӵ׵֣Ҳ޿㣬ƤëһëѩѥϴëףԴҲëñӣ߻ë
һ˶ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ҳûɣ
ӴҴ۹⣬˶³ˣŸ³һ
˳վľһ۾Ϳϯῡ
ϯῺܸߴ󣬴źصľҲԵ׿Ȼ ʱȣѾ㣬ΨһĹƾ쬵ı
ϯԱ߻ˣǣŶ߹ȥЦ ӵһ¡
ں㡣
ľһϯʵҲϳѾͷ
¶۵СǼе죬Ǵ̫·һһڵģСʱһɰ
ϯΰ
ľվڳں
ϯ߹ȥ𣿡
ľ̵ͷˣ
ľΪȻÿҪˡ
ϳϽȥů 
߰ɡľһҲ⣬ϯǰ棬ķȥ
ϯվǶСѾͷһһڵıӰһˣͻȻЦ
ľ迴ϯΰ Ц ɶ Ѽһ·һһڵĺЦǲ
ߣҪ Ц ľǰܡ
ϯһסľ裬ǣЦ Ϊ̴Ѻÿ
ľ˵ Ҳһ

ǿճϱһһľ̡ľ衢ϯῺ һһ

ϯ῿ں棬ʻǸ˳Ц¶һ׵ݡ
 ̰ɣϯ῵սѣĿǰҲµĸų ǿԽè
ľȤĴţϯ῵Ĵɶ
èһЦ  Լ
ϯ濪ûˡ
èΪر𲻼⣬ ľԸеһƴû˵ʮӣȻʴ˶ ҩ
ľ³ǰ׬һʣè ҩʮǮһţô󣿡
۸èͷ
ǰЩиĴĶôϯῲ˳ۣͷϯ鷳һγڣǰŴŵĴɽ棬˸ð ˣʼŲ˵о·һͣ취Լ£ô󣬵ڶϾͿʼ ա
Ҷ֪ϯмҩȥϯῡʼսǶŻԶĺܣҲҽԺһСľջӣʱͳɵˡ
ʮǿϯûҩ
ϯ治ɫۣʮǮһšĴϯ῰㲻ֱӻһ䣬ٵһӾһٿǮһš
ԱˣΪС룬ʮǮҩ
ľߣϯΰ Լ㣬òҶ Ǯ
èϽôһΣǵĶúܣﻹһҪôĶֲǲǣ
èϽͣ˵˶Ǵε¶Ѿͷһ벻ҪǼۡϯΰΨһ֪ϯ῵ҩǴˡ
ϯῲè⣬ӺӾһۣͳɤ͸¶һֲ˵ ҪҲǮҵĶ вУ
èˣǶ˵ɶ
ֿٻͷǸӵСѾͷ
ǰɣ
ľ̲Ťͷ⡣
ϰСʱ󣬵˾
Ÿҡ
ľӰŸϯῡ
ϯ῵д䷿һһ䡣
𣬡ӣ סţǾȻؼˡпվ͹һԸһ·ûкúлл ء
èǽߣϱĽСѾͷӣϱñСѾͷʮɣ
ľһ 㣬˵绰ȥƽľû°࣬պýӵ
˵绰Կȥ䡣
ţůڵģ̾һ
ϯվſڣݸһУѾˣ˷Ϣ㡣
ľ̲֪ʲôϯ῵Ŀ⣬ӹУžһš
Ҫϯ˵ÿ죬ϡ
վڲԶèٺֱЦ
һ·̫ۣľڴϾ˯˹ȥڵľµĻѵֻʣѣĴ˯ڹ¯ϰɣ
ϯῺ èŻѩߡ
һڰȥķûУ
ˣ˼ֵܸ ˼ҾߣгĶ桢׶˶ʮ
УȻҰǮ ϯῳϲŻһûͣȥվˡ
 ǲǶѾͷɶ뷨è̽
ϯ῿һۣʮ겻СѾͷɶ뷨ֲǱ̬
èԶıӰСֹҿ ̬ҲԶˡ
ôɶȵҡè󺰡
ˣĹи㣬㿴ĿǰҽԺĽҽҹ 㿴Ӱ
ϯͣ½Ųʲ ôĿʲ ôʱ򣿡
ϣĹŻݡ
ϯè򣬡ֵܣæǰŵƱлл 
˳
ڶ糿ľѹоϺģɴ൹ˮϴ裬̫˶û˵ϡϴһˬӶˣȥľ裬¥ɶԵġ
ˡ
ôˣ
ľ̴·š
ſվŵϯῡ
ȻҴȥʳóԷ ȴ·Ťͷȥľš
ľվſľǱһۣľţϯ´ȥˣš
ľƲ졣
Ϸ˪ְȫװãǮƱţеĶѾ׼ˡ
߳һţľм䡣
ȥʳõ·һ·߹Ͽʼðŵʱ򻹾ѩ棬ûôѩǵѩһʱ򣬲ž۽ţ·ϻҪʱСı𻬵ˡ
˵˲߶ʳ棬ľһŲȻ峯
Сģ
ľ賯ľ֣ϯۼֿ죬һסһë׵ĴС
ţް湻ɵģ
 Сһ㣬ʳߵ˶࣬ѩӲˣúܡ
ľ̿ŵϵıɴľ֣ˤ
ϯֱ΢΢չһˤˡ





58.   58 ס߽ʳá

ס
߽ʳ, ´һŴֻһϡһǰͷ, һġ
ʲô
ľӡľ̹Լʳ, һϯͷ, һ, һϡ
Ͻ, һˡ
ľ̶, ˹ĺһ, ߦ,  ĺ ռв, ǻ, ûôóԡ
緹صд, ϯʰǻطס
סĶľɻ, ̽׵ĲסдסĶ
ס, ҷһ׷ӣʰɾˣﻹ гͲסһЩУɡ
Ҳ࣬Ʒᡣ
˼ſڣҪŵ㡣
㿴Ҳ˵ĺ ôô͹, 緹ûУûҸ
ǳˣҪ𣿡
ԣȥ㶫Űҵطöණȱ
ȥҲסߣġ
ء
ϯҵָķӣȥһԺӣţһһС䣬طͦġ
طعϡǵķҲչ˵ƽʱԲ˵⣬ÿһһԺӣһС˹ˡ
¹ַӵ˼ҶԸס
ÿһŷӶ𣿡
ţżĶǵķںһţһ䣬һ
ľ̵˭ǣ
סһ䡣ľ迴˼䷿ӣѡмһ䡣ˣ˵ģκγСӿ̡
ľѡ˷䣬ľ̾ѡԺӵһ䣬һ󴰻Ժӣһ򿪴߳ĺ 
źãҲȥ㶫ϯĴˣֻмӣһЩ棬ɶҲûС
ߡľҲ˷ܣȥ䣬ʱ̫ϲ
˾һ೵ţϳʱ㡣
Сľߡ˳֡
ľ߹ȥԱߡ
Ϊء
ҲǸ˾֪೵ҪǷȥɹһȥһ˻
ԭ
̽ס죿
һ ȷҪȼ֪Ҫǹҩĵģ ֪
˵һʱˣ㲻Ļ ͵ȵȣ˵ʱ򣬺ɽϿвٺöõĻ ²ķԼϢ
Ҳ룬ƻɽҲҪҼѷŵɽţԺԶٶС
Ǹģһ·Ͼߵɽزˮ
³ľϯΰӪûģ껹 ԼϵıʾⶵеǮ
ϯƲһۣ˶ô꣬ҲȹηζǶɽϴģӪģ
֪ûзľ費ˡ
û¶զԼȥɽϼ񡣡ѩûлأָɽϾжѩҰ
Уȥľ
ϯῴ쿪ã·б
ȥİٻ¥ߵİٻ¥Ǳе㲻һ̨ڷӡŶĵǹһ̨ﻹ ڷŶ⳦
ľܹȥʣ˼ҪȻȯ
ϯֱߵĹ̨ӡӡ롢ɶģҪľ̻ һɰǸ ɽϵķ׼ġ
˳ֻ̨˼ëӡȥ¥Ĺ̨Ģһһ㣬ҲܷŹߵˮĹ̨ľĶľ˵㿴Ǹӣģ ˮⲻǻ˰ɣ
Ƕ档߶ˮ٣ӶǶ ԣûؼңⶳ֮ȫǱ֭ߵرϲԡϯῸ꣬ϡ
ľӵôһռ䣬ûɶȤ
СʱûϯѾһѶľ費˼Ҳһһ档
೵ȥʱ仹磬˾ȥȥӪ󷹵Է
˹Ӫ꣬ľȴҳĲ˵һˮܲײˡʧĿḷ̌ɶ
ԣҲûɶѡġ
ϯˡ
ԱǵؿƼĴˣľ廨⡢СĢˣֵһ׷
ľԵͣʣһ׷̾һôоߵױǼҺóأ
ûоرϼҷ֡
ߵʱҪһߡľͷ
Ȼãһڴġ
ػ һ㣬ӵİ೵ Сʱľȥҩĵĵط
ʱüϯ⼸Ƭطˣõ˴ҵط
ľŶ˿ȥء
ľ̸ϯ˺üӣ߽һԺ
Ժﶼǻѩûʲô𣬵ľѾŵŨҩζ
ϯƿȥʮڷҩġ
Ӵˡͷ˳һ ϯῡ
ɶû
ûɶû㿴ģҩĹ˾ϣˡݸϯһ̡
ϯ´ӹ̣ûȼָ档
˭˳ļ̌һ°͡
ġ
ľѵף鿴϶ŵҩģһţûбá
´׳ϯ߹ȥҼĵҩƷʲģ
ϯ῵ͷǸƷʵĶ
ҵЩƷʣŪ٣ֻҪƷб֤ҩҶҪ
ϯתͷС˼䣬˲ͷľ̡
˵̸˼䣬ϯῴľ̳ȥ
˵ҪҪ£һҩĲ
Ǿǲˣʱ䣬ȵ
ǵøȥ֮Ͳסڼ
ܰһûгķӣļ̌ͷ
ϯ֪ʲôͷһཱུС¸ҪڼúסţӣһСסȫ
ȥӪľ裬ľһģĶ棬Ѿȥһˡ
ľڨЦⲻû¶ǵز
һ³ôඳ棬ľ̹Ҫˡ
صϯֽڳʰѾƹˣڴտˮݷĢ
ľ˵ľʵҳӵҩȥ
Ե磬һĢˣϯջǲģζ̵ܺʡ
ϯľϴ룬ʱű졣
ϯȥţſڵ˵䣬ţƱ
ľƲһۣݳ
ǻûĲĹŵݳأ ûߵӵݳĴãѾвˡǵλڵڶм䡣
˵ĹŵĹﳤĺÿĺ ľڴ
ƯҲûϵ
ôûϵŲ飿ҿǸбҵ뵱СУ
벻飿
롣ľˡ
˵Ǽƶũﺢѧ뵱ỹ ǺܴġôЩ˴ûǵô˼ңСѧʺõҲ ࣬ҲһĶûС




59.   59 ·

ϯ, Ҳݳһϲ
Ťͷϯ῵Ավһſɫë׵Ĺĳ󣬰۵Ƥ, ۾,  Եøˡ
ľϲ , ϯ῵ıԵĮ, ΢΢ͷ, к, ͷٿ
Ů˷·Ѿϰϯ , һҲƵ, ɫ糣߹, ϯߡ
, ǾҽԺҽҽнߧߧƹϯ, ЦŸľ̴к
ľϹЦݣ, ľ̡
, ľߧ쾪ȵ ᣬһ ΪϯῼݣϯնأǺǣ⣬˵סҶ Ϊϯ῵ıܱã ˡ
ǣİˡľһ  
ߧȻһЦ,  Ϊľ̿Ц
ϯƲľһۣ֣ݳʼˡ
ݳһСʱгģģ ϵġľ̿ûɶ ϾǴԴḻġľ򿴵ĽζʱСչĸԲɶġ
һСʱݳơ
̣пվҽԺ棬ϯ῵Ҳҵѣü ⡣ߧ󷽷롣
ȷʵ ģһμ İ˶ е ôȡ
èߧĻɵᣬ֪ϯѣǽûٲȰɣ
ϯΰݳ
һģһϲ˳Ǳ߿ȥľղ˵ǸԲԲĹ
డݵʣǽ컯ױе㡭ڰٻ¥һõģ´ ԣߧһ󷽵ӡ
࿴ŽߧƤЦⲻЦǿãƶũû ĺöء
 ȥˣأľ̲ Ů˴ǹལ
ϯ῵ͷ˴һ뿪è͵ŵſڡ
ǳţèɵǽߣǴк
ľ̡ľǰ棬ϯںһ㣬èϯῼС˵ҺõƱ˭֪ ĸ͸¶ȥϢɲýߧġ
è˵Сľ˵ֻҪ Ҳһ
ص¯ϵˮѾտˣˮϴϴ׼ϴ˯
ڶϣ𴲣ϯѾˣһֽѵȥˣڹԼԡȥʳóԷ
ľӳ˳緹ͣĸ ̾ҵҪϯ ôڿ죬ﶼ Ҽ䡣
ڿͶɶϵ
֪ ˰ɣҵһ㣬ãһ¾ôǡľЦЦ
²ۡ
Էǽɽ
ȥҷ
ţɰ׼ˣô һΡ
ȰĢϣ ľںȵϡ
ġ
٣񲻵 һɶģһֻҪóԵģɶ
װλľ豳Ͽװ緹ʣµͷһƿˮóˡ
ľ̴ĴɽɽԶ·ɽ·ȥ˶࣬ Ҳ֪ ʲôջ
߽ɽããһƬľ购Ŵ˵ҰưҨҰأҲ ԷˣһͨҰвУ
ľ߶ľ̷ſʶת ܵȻľϢӿһ βУ´һһ
ľĴ鿴ڲԶĻѩ棬ҰëģһжεҰ
Ǳߡľת
ı߰ľųصĽŲϡ

ľҲҰëùӴѩҰڳ
ļҰˡ
 ¼ֱˣһ·ϼֻҰһֻҰӣ˰СʱһҰë
ǶһֻǾͻȥߵ̫Զˡ
ľ輸ܹȥǿѩѣ ôӣ
ľ̿һۣǸӣ Ƿ
 Ƿľеʧʵ̫ò˰ɡ
ȵȣ һֻľľһ¡
аɣȻֻҲһˡ
һСʱŵɽ£ Ѿˡ
˼ľϹŵֻҰһֻҰ˵Ŀ⡣
쿴ֻǷ
ۣǷ
湻õġ
 ԽԽˡ
 ˭ҵĺӣ
֪ 
ŴҵĿ⣬һĻصҡ
ľҳУľȥʳô緹ڼտˮ׼ʰҰ
ˮտ̵ĿˮҰܹȥðһɰ̣һľ֣³ɾëľ軹ûֻҰѾȫ ëɾ
пֻҰʰɾ࣬һѾ ˳һˡֻҰţֻɿˮ󶪽ɰĢ¯׼
  Ҫ¯ӣ ú߲̿ϲòɰûκοѧݣǴϾ 㡣
һˡľн
ղʳè磬˵ǼҰҪԷ
֪ ˣ϶һ㷹ˡ ϶Ƿֳ󻧣 ôһڷ⣬ Ծͳ¡ӹݹĿӣ³Է
Ȼȥ ŪľĲ
Уһȥ
ڼңľ̶ڳһ߿¯ϵĻһ߿顣
ĵӣԵ ƣ˳ŷƮȥھŷζֱ̿ˮ
ļóԵģֱ̫ ˡ
èһСŵζ һСæܱߵˣǲǷǲǷ
èЦ  ĺ ãʹȥȷ
ˡ
ľţèվſںٺֱЦƿϰ׸ɡ
ˡ
ľ ӳ
è˽ϣȻ˵ϯ¼Ĳ˲ԣȥʳȥˣһͻ
èﵽ˵Сһ ֻ ˡ
һ ˣٳԷˣ
ǲ֪  꿳̫࣬ԽԽ٣ҶóһʱûŷˡСʱȽϳ 
ϯΏˣһͷӦù߸˳ԡ
һţľ̰ѷ¯϶¯ӼӲŪɴ𣬱Сˣӡײˡըס˿⡢㳦Ƭÿһ˷㣬İһ
мճϯȥ˳һɰŵ룬ҿӣۣǽһ˱ǣľԼ  ڣ һ˵ˮҪ
ϯȸľʢһָľʢһ룬ССڵĺȡͷһĶûţȻζĺ 
̾˿УһҪȥץѷǵ ֽɼĿռк ǿ϶ϲ
Է󣬴ҶŶӣ㼷ڿΨһĳϣľһϺˮġ
ûᣬϯָľ̽ˡ
 ˶ϯ῵սѣҪǣҪȥϷҩ
ȻǲǲǮֻǡٺ٣  ˵㡣
źۼĵϯһۣ˻ķȻҪĶ
˼ҶϿҵˣҲ һ㲻
ϯתͷװû ¶  
ԭǴõҩ˼Ĺȥ ûдּҪֻ ˴ǰֵܣ Ƕһ㱣Ǻõġ
˿ľ̲˵ һֹèһ£èûˤȥ
ݺݸһۣèɤӣЦе ľӣ㻹ɶ˵
ľ̴۾֪ ҪʲôҩûУҲûҩġ
ҩУèæ  Ƕռҩġ
 ˵ɶаɣǰҩ͹Ǯ
УӣϢޱӣڣèżˡ
ϯΰն ͵İ
ϯ῿ εҿǲܣԲ𡣡
ߡľվصķϣءŤͷˡ
ľͬĿϯΰֵܣˡ
öϷţϯĬĬһڿ





60.   60 ɽֺ


е, Ƿкǰһ  ôƵǰвУģþֻܾܽܡ
¶˭ﶼ, ϯǵøȫ ĺ紵ɢ 
, ڴ ů͵ı , ȴವġ
Ĺĵķ , ö̫ , Ȼű 
ëëľɽ ëë
, Ҹɶ, ͻ 
ͻɶѽ, ¶ ֪ôëë˵ ,  ߴߴ˵  һһ췢¶
ͣ, ˵ ص㡣
һ˵ ꣬ľҲͦû,  һ ɽ, ͻƺϽؼҰɡ
ľĵɢ , ϯȴ˯ţվ̨ 磬ҹָֻ ŵ˸һɫĻ⡣
ڶһ磬ľ 
ס˯
 һ    ľ ΢΢̧ ϸ 棬ķ졣
Ӵ ѵ  Ĵ ް, š
ϯĵ׼õΣû뵽򿪣ںСһС͸죬û˯ѵ۾΢΢ţһֻСè
ʲô£
 ŴŴ ϯῸоҲһ޻
£Բ 
ߣʲô˵ 𣿸Ͻ˵ ꣬Ҫ˯΢е۾  һ㣬¶Ĺâ
ϯŽͣǰҲ֪ҪҲʱȥʳ²ԣ֪ͨ㡣
ľû˵ ĬŲ֪ʲô
Ѿ ֪ڵǸе˵ 㲻Ը û˿ǿ㡣
˵ úҲô죿
 ȻҩЧĺãӦҲһЧʵ ЧԶ  ǿȡ
ľһ㣬̬ȶξ  ûһ 
šϯ һ üͷ չ漴뵽¶ èҧһҪСһ١
緹 ڹţȥ˯һ ٳԡ
аɣ߰ɡ
ϯ῵ͷ תš
ľ泩 һ Ƿѵް ر ѣ˯
 è˵  ֳɵҩģȫں˵  󣬸 죬 è ˲̧ҩĹرϸĵ һ״ ҩĵĹ߹
ľûùҩģע⵽ èɫһġϵġģľ ǰ 
 èƤ񣬿ľöҲûа㲻˼ ⲻųд裬ˣ  
Ϊɶдôݣ ﶼ ˵  
ֻҪõ èãһɶ ģ  ʹ 
ľҩ裬 ǳȥ
ľչ̣ٹǾ Ҫȥ Ҫ˳Ūһ ˵ ׼   
øﻹǶǱʺ
ҩĻûҲرõġ
һõҲС
аɣϯŪһЩҸһЩؼҡ
ľ辪ȵĿɶ㲻һ ȥ
ţҪ ºɡ
ǲУ ˵   һ һ ȥľһ ˻ȥ Ҫ
дţҴȥҪ鶼ûܰһˡ
ľֻȴӦ
ľ̰ҩϯΰŪһҩģôָ࣬Ҫļҩ
ϯῴӦ 
죬һ ȥֱٻ ¥ľڲƴ ֣ٿǮԼ˻ĸȯŴ ģʽǹɿ⳦ơëߡ ޡ
 ¥ ǮƱһɶ㡣
ľ̸ľһ·䣬Ҳ ڵġʮȫֱһٰʮһ飬ľ迴 ۸ Ȼ Ľ СǮ
ֱǸүүͶģŮ ƥ޲Ǵڵģ· ů ࡣȫһͬʣһһгƱȫͨ èŪġ
ڼس ӣ һֱгԸ Ҫǣ Ķľһ Ҳߡ
ض飬ľ̡ϯľ 𳵣˻ؼ
ϯῴű ȥ è ķס
· ˣϯųڰң
ϯ῵ͷ ȼҪ¶ųɴȥǶס졣ų  èȫɭ֡
û磬ﶼ  ŶӳɢҲ Žϯųҵ
 Ҳ֪ϯи ңԱߵæ䣬Ʒã֪ɶġ
ľ̶ԼİһҲԤŵϯ  ɽȥ
ϯҲ֪ľϲɽ֣Ϊ ⽻üΣɽΣգҪһ ˵ ɽ
ʱ£ϯῼҪ
ʲôʱ
ϯῺľʳóԷ̧ͷ 
һ Ұɡ
ľ̵ͷ ¿ӡ
㲻żĻ һҴ һ µļڣʱȥϯ῿´֪Ҫ һֱƻš
ľû˵ ʱٿɡ
ڶϯ 
һ 磬ľ̻ ް һ β ţһ· ɽɽ˵ߺ ɽ񱼡
 СʱľһȪͣ½Ų һѵ ףůڵȪˮȫһ·񱼹ſë׷·ˮлһ㣬һһ⣬ 嶼Ϊһš
ƯȪ۾չһ˲䣬оɭһ˿˿һƵ˷ϯǲεĸĤ࣬գۼ γʮǧһת صԭأǲεĸĤ ơ
Ȫһɾ 죬۾ʱѾǿߡ
ˮ棬ٿն ɽ֣۵סУŵҶѽԭ ĸоʵʵܵԼţơ
Ʋסĵ˷ܣľ̷ëë֮ǿ վ ëë
ԭС˯ëëһ۷ܶǲϤķ羰צգŵ÷èУ

ľ̹ ЦɽֶصЦ 
Ժ󻹸۸ңڿǿߣ
ëëعмƲһۣҿǴߣ𵤶繷ĿԪ ½ģ һ СԳǿߣ²ǻ 
ľ ƣֵܣҪ 峡ϣڵѷĵܹ˶ ѡ֮ӣο
ëëоеȻζаɣ˵ Ķԣоһ ۣܲơ
ľ̸оǰ ֮ǲɢ һ ȪԱߡ
 ãԿʼѧϰ 
ȵȣһĸо
аɣ  ɡ
ëëڰ֣صɽ ˯ȥ 
ľ˷ܵɽּɹȥƮ þö塣иƬɭֶ֣ڻС嶯  
 滹ûȪʹһ С  Ȫȥ  ߵɽ ëëһһ 
Ĳ׽Ľ ʶɨȥһƬ淢һѷֻ ģֻСģһҲֱƽ ۡ һСϪ ѣǴ ĴСģȫһˡ
·һ һЩĺֺöʶʶҰںˮһ һ ÷¹ҪܡԼһԣƷֵҰҪӡûԹҰҲռط㣬Ǳ




61.   61 ΪԼǿ߽ǡ


Ұ, תͷСͷֿʼڸֲҩʱ䣬˸ϡҩ, ճͨҩҲ˲١
ҩĳ, ʦֲ, ䷽ʼо, о֮, һ, ֻͨҩ, ûе¯, ûе, ô
вУɲԣûд
ץëëʡ
ľ̾ע֮, ëëԼë˵, Ȼϱϲĵ˼£滹ǿǵһͻƵ, ԸĶ
Ķ
ëëһ
 ĺëë, ðӴ߽вѽͷɿ ľһ
ëëˬڱɽé
ľëëɱɽϣҵéݣȻĳľϷһƴĳɫ¯¯Ա߷һȭͷչޣ򿪸, ȼɫĻ硣
ʶŴ¯ʵĴСֿƵ𣬲ΡΡƵ¯֮£ӽȥһ˲Σ˲仯Ϊҽ
漸죬ľѧŰʶֻɼֱƵ𡢵¯ ¯ҩģ󣬳ɹԲ˲Գһţ˲ҩûһɫ죬һŹƾҪѪˡ
ֱ̫ˡ
Ϊʲôֻѧ˲裬ʾĿУĿǰ֮ܰ ֳɸ࣬Ƹҩơ
֮ǸҲܸıԡ֮·ҲصԶ
ɽһ£ϯҪˣľһֻɽصѾǰˡ
һûסˣһ㵭ĻҲ㣬òѧСţ˲㶨
¯ӣʰõķӽɰ󣬳ʱ䣬ȥʳһߦ˳ҪһСУһ÷һС飬ˡ
СľþûˡĽסľ̡
ڼæɶأûȥʳá
ľ̵һЦæڼѧϰأڼԼĴͷ𣿡
ǴͷԺһѴ磬涼õϣҪҪȥһ㣿
ľ̸Ͻл ʱҪϼˡ
ѽ ̽׵ģ Լһȥɽϼء
ľ̿ɫϹҪ꣬пյĻɽȥ
㻹ῴɫ㾪ȣһµũһֿɫĹһСҲ᣿
һ㣬ʲô  Ȼȥˡ
Уȥɡ
·ڸľ̻صѾζˣûСڲ˰ϷšϵķСУľ̳Ե㣬ѽ
ϣȻС꣬һţ˵һһɽӡ
ľӦ˵һɽ·ڼ
ݴӿռһ˫Ͳѥϣִһñӳţ
ɽ·棬Ѿۼ˲ٴСϱűһӡ
Сľߡ
ľ߹ȥ
զӣɽϾӶĺܣװ˶٣Ҫ һ һһСˣﶫðȫ
ã һˣһӹˡ
Բ㻹ɹԡ
 ϼҲСǻҪٵһɽ𣿡ľתƻ⡣ֱⲻסһ㣬ֹӵľϡ
ˣǾɽȥء
һɽ·ЩŢľ̺һʮĽľ̽ϵѥľ̵ѥģôõѥڰٻ¥û
ϵĳͲѥɫģɫϲǰ ġѥǺɫģҪƱһ˼Ҷ𡣾סھЩҲûмõġ
ľ̺˵Ϸݴģ֪Ķġ
ɽϣɢֿľżһĢͲǼˣĴ̧ͷһſһԺͷժ
ɽʱ㿴ľĢһԺͷӪˡ
ľЦЦ׼Ͱˡ
صңѹڳҰȡ ʰɾӾһգܶɿ ͷһһС׷緹׼ˡ
УľȥתתϯʲôʱһȺ˸ֲ²⣬ûȷϢ
ڶģȥһȦҪȥҩĹ˾ϴȥҩĵЩү
ҩĹ˾Ŷҩģó ѡϵƷ
תȥ˺УҲвˡ
µϳḷ̌ҲĴ鿴ҩġ
ҩƷʸߵͶУƷһҲҩĹ˾յĲ
ϯٲԼҩˡ
ʱ࣬ľͣ೵ĵطȥһλ£ûһԱһˣͷһǽߧ
СãּˡߧЦ񣬽Ű׳ɫȿ㣬һ˫ɫСƤЬźɫƤ
ľ̵ͷܴҵײҲԵġ
ߧһϳͿڴߵСѾͷɫ͸죬һ˫۾ޱȣͨͨ޲£ɫȹôų
˴ʮ겻ͣ ϯӦòֹϵȡһСѾͷܲܰһϯ῵Ϣ
ӾǴаȸ磬ܺãҪҪԣߧӰһаȸľ̡
ԱߵŮ˿ߧɫ¶Ľɫ
ľƲһۣ òţллˡ
ƽʱôɫôáߧҲ⣬
 ˵ʣ᲻ᱻ
ľ˻˯ˮ
ԣϢɶƤ״̬ҲкôƽʱʲôˮϯǼңΪϲӣÿеʱֻҪȥǼңϿ϶һӡߧ˵Ц
ľемܲסӲĻһ䶼ͦϲġ
һ·ϽߧǣľӦţ㵽˾˳
ľ̺ ߧ𣬽ߧľ̵֣˵ûвι۹ϯ῵ķأߵܲȥ
ľ̲ͷˣǸⲻҵļң ûȨİȥιۡ ¶  ˡ
ߧɫһ䣬ɿ֣ľͷҲصˡ
ͬסһŵһչ¶Ц⽪ҽƤ˼Ҳ֪ϯų˼һһ
ľ̲һۡ
ľ̴ţһͿվڿǸߴıӰ
ˡ
ţյϯͷ
 Ļ Լ ȥҩˡ
ϯῴһۣһûôоѾͷˣ
 ʱѾݽ룬ǾͿȥҩؼҿҪԶ· ˳·ȥһ 衣
ľ̵ͷһˣռһô궼ûɡ
ڶ죬ľ̴ϳһװȫǮһǧǮ׼ȫȥ
ϯè˯ģ緹һžͿϵİ
ʲô
ǮҩĲǮ
٣
ǧ
ϯῶôûСѾͷôǮһҲ⣬ûٶʲô
緹ϯľ̵һǮȥ





62.   62 ϯ῵ľ


һ˳, ѡûǮϹض  Ϸ
ϯų˾ȥһˡ
ջ, һŵС
ϯ˵ һ, תͷˡ
Ȼ ɵɵľ͵, , 绹ôʱ,  ȥɽ һȦ
˾Ա, ҡϯվıֱ, Ŀ⿴ ˾Ա
˾Աڰ
ϯ῰, Ｘˣ
ˡ
˾ԱĿĿ , żɽ, ʵ˵  ʲôë, Ϊʲô ôη 滹ѹ㣬ԭ𣿡
ϯ⼸¹ѫ, ܶ໹漰Ҽľֲͻ,  ڵְλңΪѹµְҲѡ
Ϊʲô ˶
ϯû˵ ˾Աͣһ£뻺һ
ҺүүҲһսֵܣҲǿųģҲĳɣȻҲϣãװɡ
˾ԱһôһȦ, ۾ʼû뿪ϯ῵
˾Աлֱ˵ ɣҳ϶ҲΪҺá
˾ԱЦ
Сӣ ôţи¶㡣˾Ա  վߵϯԱ¡
 ŮϤɣ
ʶ 졣
ʶͺãҵͷǣߣԸĻԺ ҳһˣֵ飬 ͺ˵ ˾Ա˸̣ϯΰ˵ ǲ 
ǵ  λģң ѹĺܶ඼ʵȨ Щжļ󣬽񾭱еҹŮϲϯСӣҸɴ˾Աæ˵ ϣҲһ·
ϯ˼Ƭ̣˾Ա⼸û˼ллĺ⡣
˾ԱɫùĶ㿴  ˼ ôõļͥ  Ҳϯ῰ΪҪ˵ ˵ 㣬 ˲ Ҫ̫ùɲ 
ϯȻûиĿڡ
˾Աбۿϯΰϲ µĹ
 ¹ڼס˼£Щ עϯ῵˭û 
˾Աͷվϯῼ򣬡 ּͥעûԵֵġҲϴ Сˣġû¶͵
 ˾Աϯȥèݸèһ̡֧
զ£èһ̡
ߧ ڸʲôϯﺬ̣ģ һ䡣
èЦ˾Աѹˣ㺦
½ҹǽ
èһ ɶ
ʱ ֪ϯ³Ȧ»ûյͷϢ
ˣүүڳŴ֣ܸɲ  Ϻꣿҽҳ˽ߧôСʵڲ һ£èһ뵽棬ЦС
ˣûһ£Ҷš
ߣ ĻôУ˳Ǯ͵ȥèʾ 
ϯ῰ڰ֣Щ¶ˣԺûˡϯͷèֿȥˡ
ľɽ ˵Ժϯῡ
ϯ῿ѾͷЦһ£Ǹ̰СѾͷԼ ʲô
ľһ£զ£Ȼһյı Ц
ľ ͷԣҪȥ裬⿪ģ
ûͷڶ һ磬èһ컹û ȥվ
̣ѡ ̣ ˯˾´Է ϯ´˵ طˡ
˻վˣϯῴһСʱ·ľãó Ǵ ߡ
һ˵Ժ棬ϯţûһһ˴ ţ ȥ
ľվԺĴ һͨũСԺ
Ůϴ˯һƵŮ˶һˮһë
лϴ꣬ľ̾ͱѾ̺˴
ϯվ⣬˯˵ ͹  š
ԺŵĽŲ 
ľո˵һҲ İȫֱ˯˹ȥڳֵĻ ʵۡ
ϯ󲽳ɽ ߣСʱ󣬴 ɽȥ Ϣһũ ǽ ȥûз  
ţڵ΢ĵƹ⣬ ţһѰϯȥ
ӡźüûСӼᡣ
úò ãĿ᲻ ô  ŲϸϸĴ š
裬ҹúá
ϯοӣˣⲻ Ǻúõվǰ
 ƭңʲôȫģ֪͸  壬 ĵġ
ŶԹϯɫҲ ʱ䲻 ࣬Ҫץ˵ ¶ϯῸ˵ ֪رǽҵ
ϯҲϽˣһͷ ⣬ЩүүúԼ Ĺ֤Լ İȫҪ
 ˣ ҿ  㣬ſҲ  ȡ
ϯ῰ο ᣬҲ ϲ ġ
ץסͷϽʣϲʲôģͲ СˣԿˡ
ϯϸ룬һ뵽ľȻ СѾͷŵӣɰӣӣ мӡ
ϯһϲʲôҲ ˵ ӻûн鷳 ǣ ⣬ѾͷҲ̫Сˣ² ֡
֪ĪĸϯӣͲµϲ˭
ܣʱ֪ˡ
һҪ Ҷ˭Ը㣬 ˵ ûĸŮϹܿ 㡣
ˣˣҲĿǡϯϽȳ
ϯһϽѰùǸ ģҪһЩҩѡ
ϯͷ⼸ ũȥȻۣ޲ֵģŶЩҩ
̸İɡһѶ ϲĺܡ
ЩҲϧôû
һץʱ˵ ۿˣϯ ĸĸ ũǽȥһ·ɽ ȥŶӵıӰĬĬᣬϯļ򣬡ѹӺܿ͹ȥˡ
ᣬģܿġϯĬĬԶȼϣݶӴϢ жļҪ Ȼ һˣô  ϵ
ľ𴲣ϯԺϴˣԷ극 ȥϻ𳵡
ľ̴ ˸ǷҪʱţҿԼ ȥġ
 ţȥȻֱӻضϯ῰ϴŤɾˮ 
ľ̵ɴ۾㲻 ȥˡ
Ѿˡϯ῵Ļһ䡣
ô죿ֱ š
˳緹һСʱվպø һ𳵣 ȥ
سǻվ 죬պ糿ľ˸˵ܣϯں档
㰡ľվǰ溰
ϯ¶΢Ц첽˹ȥ
ֱȥɽ  ȥվͿˡľ̸ָ·
ϯʣ ȥĶ
ҪȻؼ￴ʱ仹磬 û أһ ȥ
 Ҹһ𡣡ľ̿һۣһôˡ
 ľĸоַھӿɫ  
첽ߵ⣬š
ŵľֻɫ㲣۾Ѫ
 ʲôˣ
ľû뵽Сûˣš
˭
ϯΰүүľ仰˵  ʲôˣ
ɩ۾Ҳͨ졣
 ˵ 
忴ľ̴ ľæȥο ľľ֪ԭ˾ٱľʱ׼߹һ˳嵽ľץˡ




63.   63 Ӫľ


ľֶ, żǲǲ ܣ
ľ̾, ˵
˭
ϯס챩ߵ ľ, , Ҫȥʲô, 
Ǹί ˰ץߵ, Сø˴ к, û
, 
ľȥ, һ, վ Ȼ㡣
ʲô
Ц, ʲôֺж⡣
 ˵ 
ľü, ҼҲӭ㣬뿪
һ´ڼͷ ͷ, ֳһϵ ·, ЦľûӭѵҪҲ
˵ʲô
ӴƴСҲôҵʱǴģͨ˫ۣްͰ͵·,  Ц 
ʵ 㣬Ҿٱģⲻ⣬ϲҾͿӲ˳ۣ԰Ҫ־͹Ϲõҡ
û֤ݣ˵˵
㼥ЦԣҾͺ˵˵ Ҫʲô֤ݡҽ찡˵ ƴС ôңҾ͸ˡˣǧ𼱣ϷںͷһһĽų
ЦŤͷˡ
ޣľοţⲻ ⣬ޣ취
ſңſҡľ̵ϯῡ
޲Ҫ㣬ֶû̧ϯһ  ס ѹڻľ̵Ŷ֣ʱһ  ķɡô嶯ˣ
Զ ϯ῵ֹţŰ ſôţ϶ʲô 嶯
ľҲɵ֪ܲҾ׻¶Ǵ˵ 
ϯε ӣȵȣһͻһ취
ϯῳţľϽܵű˺һˣ·ʶȥ˭
Լ֪ء
ľ룬Ǽң֪һ̵ϸ ֻɽӵ ЩˣԲΨһĲȶؿϵ ˵ǣǻɵ 
ű򿪣ľӡľӡ
壬ȥĶˡľܹȥ
ľӿŮ ¶һЦ
ľӡľһȥ˹ϵһ˻ľǰ սѣܽõļϢҪǼң֤ݲ֤ݵ˼ҸͲϡ
ľ̸ǵ ˮοǱżƼʹɽȥȥ
үүͶأ
үүɽӣϸүүвסɽȥˣʱ䲻ũæ
¶ҪϿ촦 졣
 ʱϯΏˡ
ľӡľӻǵϯΰľӿŮզ£
ûϵҪҵ 
ľ壬ҵõϢǽǸ㣬͸ίεֶӶ  ףײһ֪ľˣһȥʹӻϢֱӾ;ٱˡ
ľ̲µ ûͻƿھ
ڵĹؼ֤ݵ¡ؼô˵ίǱ߶ˡľü
ҧʵ ڲ Ҿȥͷ뿴ҵͷ
ľ̰οɩһ䣬𼱣ǻС
ϯҲ취ǿԸ׳н
ľʣô飿
ľܽǵȻǸɵˡ
Ƕũôɵĵ
ϯ῵ľ壬˵ĵ˾ǵѡ
ԣֻҪѼ֤ݣ͵˼רҵ˵ е ǰ취ľίһ꣬ٻѧһЩֶΡ
˵ί κβȨܲ
ҿϯΰĶðģɶ֪
ϯ῿ һḷ̌ղһѴġ
Ŀ ǾѼ֤ݡ
  Ҳż취֤ݡ
ľ̰οɩҲҪؼҰ뿴Ц⡣
ľ̻ظڷӣϯῸŹȥľߵͷϯΰǸʲôȥɽ⹫ţ
ϯڵĲŲȰ ǵ´ ˵
ľӶϯ῿˳ۣϯ˵ɶľû˴棬 ¥ˣϷţϣһ·ίȥ
ȥ ̣񻹺ãתȥΣΰ칫ҿǸֶӡ
˾㿴ܸɣ ľǸ̫ץһӾͲұգβ ǣ
һΪҲ֪ռ˼ҷӡ
ٺٺ٣˾ˣһסôõķӣⲻùТֻǣж ٺ٣һ  
  ɣ¶һ Ҫɽһѵ
ǣ˾æҺͰȻȥˡ
ûһϰ칫ҵ гؼҡ
ˡһʮ Ů˴Ļ֦չ
ʲôⲻ㿴Ƿˡ
գѽܸɣҼûõͷӿ 
εЦҪ˵˺ҹã㿴Ҫһ׷ܸ㣬ǿҡ˵㣿
Ůϱ任Ц ô˵ҲǸֳһûǮûƵŮˣĸҵŮʣʲôʱ֣ܵ
֣𼱰ٵǼ졣
˽ݣг 
ľ̷ɿܻȥ ¥ȥľС˵ ղϢ
ľ۾ɴ󣬡 
ľ̵ͷ
ľܳȥгȥ
ľָľ˵ ϢľҲﳵȥˡ
̣а취 
صңľץľʡľ̸ľ˵ǰνһѸ ݣСøһ顣
ľ룬ҲǸ취
ľ̵ͷôûϯῡ
ϯأ
ء
ľ̿˼ҵһô
ߵϯвˣѾڹ 
ľ̹ȥһ£̣ ʲô¡ǽģֻҪ˿ϳͷûз ء
ľ̵ͷѾαץ 龰һҲġ
ʲôˣ
˿ˣˣӶġ
ľ̿һ䡣
ϯЦЦ۾ﶼй⣬ջ𣿡
ѽ
̹ľԺﺰ
˶һۣľ۾תǸȳȥ 
ϯ῿ľ̵ Ӱ
Ժľ̿ һľӣ ĽĺܣͲ鷳ˡ
緹ֻ˳ԡ
ϯҿ࣬ ˣҪϴ룬󻹵ò˼ҵĺɫ
ϯ׼ţľ˷ܵ ܻˡ
̣Сø˵ĶڴϣŮ   ȥ
Ů ǲǹֵ ֳ
ԶԶԣô֪
ľ̼ǵһȥСøڹǸŮŸֳ
Ǹ˵ġҪıץûУ
ץ ץ ץȥˣ 
ľҲˣһ µ ȥҪˣڻڹš
ϯ῰ ţ˸ط һ绰ңʲôʱ򵽣ڹ֡ţõģллл㣬ټ
 绰ϯΏصľң˶û˷һš
ȵĵӣľӡľӵȲ  ȥֿľүүˣһ淸ں档
أ
𼱣˵¶ھȥһû뵽ľүүˡ
ľүүɽʲô飬ҲĶҾĶҾȥ
ľһӳţΧĽַھ͵͵ǣܿ쵽˹֡
ί  Сøܳ
զˡ
أ
żæ¶ ռۼҷӣ  ܸ棬˲ ıˣҸȥίǱ߽ء
 ľϲѡ
  
Ƕȥ
ȥߣ
һ˸߲ң첽ίȥ¶Ѿųˡ
ӣ
ͷӣ
ľ̿үү̽ű˴˵ ֣ͻȻеᣬһ¡
ˣû ϯվԱߡ
ҹϵ ľࡢľӢӼıصϢ һֿЦ





64.   64 ¶


ص, ʱƽ
 ľע⵽İĸ߸ߴˡ
ǣ
ϯΌĻص ľ̺þòϯῡ
ŶǶ, ôû , ɸС 
ľ, , ϯб , ͱ۴һ, Ѿųˡ
ľƲ һǷĵܵ, ûϢ
ٺ, , ҡ
ľЦĿ , ǶгϢޡ
 ʲôʱɽӣľүүľ̵˼һͻȥ, Ȼ˵ԺҲҽǣе㲻,  طǸǷ֮ء
ί  ǱQ, ˭֪ʲôţ ӶǻɽӺá
ôһ˵ﳤͬȥ
ľҲ⼸ ˣһжȥġ
ڳסһϣڶһ磬ľһȫɽӡ
ߵ磬ˣæһ, ˵ľ̫̫ץ զ ô ֻˣ
¶ Ҳûʲôģ˵˱ץ 
˶ӣһĺڵĵٵռǵķӹݺɵһ漴ƿڴ εĲ 
ϵ׽Ļοһ䣬ڻкù٣Ҫ ȻͰ׳ Ҳס
 Ҷ˵ũǲýҹ ǣѹ㡣
  һ˾ͲͬˣˣΪǸģͲŬˣ
ľһصɽӣϢ˶ڴڵţҲУû뵽ȻȵԼС
緽ϲСǰסϯ῵֣⺢ӣҪ Ҳдš
⹫źþòʱдŻûԼĿ죬ûдЩ 𣿡
ĴСͷãúã
¶߹ΰҪлϯ⺢ӣһ·չǼ̣ ҲҪ лæ
ǼҵĹϵ˵Щ 
УҲ˵ ֱ̫̫֣·ڲŷֿ
ڴӻؼңţʣô
ʱ·ȥ 嶼ãûʲô࣬Ǳ 
һ·᲻ ɿϯ῵֣ôˣִ֪磬ҲŲ 㣬ͲСˣ̸ֵܶۼ޵ ôûжǸ ԶﲻϣԼҲ ̫̫Թһ䡣
ʲôﲻæ͸ϱ ̧°͡
㿴 ˭
˭̰ôõĹϽ㻹ʮ꣬ȻСӵϱ
Ҳ ̺ϯеɣ
ʲôһأ㵱겻˵ұ󣿡
̰ͷһۣûûġ
 ô
˵ĸˣ̻ͷϯһ䡣
ϯŽ̯ ǸСѾͷԽԽ СѾͷҲͦġȻ 뷨Ǿ֣  û
⣬ãҶ ϸɴ࣬ϯʲôʱߣ
졣
УҲ ӣʰʰһ š
  ̫ˡ
ʲôҪ硣
 еԲϽãֲͷӣڼʰһڴȥ ľҡ
ľ߸ʺѣ߾ͽˡ
ľ߹ȥ壬ɶ¶
Ц д¡
ľ̿һϯΰ˽쿴Ŀôֵֹġ
ɶ¶˵
ݣݡ
£ҴĶڷľϣ¶龫ǡ̷Щľֹʺ仹ЩصĶ
ľӶ˹һˮɶ¶
׵ģ
Ļ䣬ľҵ˶ ľ´ɱڵطû ͻȻվ˵ʲô
ľΪԼ һ䣬˭ף
ϯῺ̰㿴Ƕ䣡
ľȼŭŤͷϯΰӣɵ䲻Ů
УҲͬ⣡ľӴưŵžž죬Сڶ
ḻ̌ŵ  һŤͷϯΰüһģΪԼֱ û뵽ǶҰģ
һסľӣȱ𼱣˵ǹŮСء
ԣҹŮСޣ
ľ̽סʧȥǵĴӣƶԶ˵һ˵ˣ̻СôǼ 
ҲǴСģ˵ҲʦǸúӣۼϯҲܳһٺò еСǿȶ ٽҲһġһ仰Ϊǿ
ϯΰô˵
ӽݵϯῶû˵һ仰
˵˵ɶ뷨ߣ ľΪ ͷһͷȣǱһ
ϯ῿ľүүľ̡ľӡһĶ˵  ǸùҲ뽫ΪһˣǸһᡣ
ľߣ׵úܣϲҪ ޸㣿 ˵ҸŴ󻧵ģҼҸʲϡ
ҼûЩأҰүүҲʮϲ̡
һ̲סʣ𣿡
ҷģ
һʵҲеĶģôһŮǼȽֳ ܣӳϢǺ ŮҰ⼸ Ѵ൱Ķ޶ һ飬 û ϹŮġϯῲС˲ŲҲǰ;Ҳദ Ժ ϱϵ ʺϲ 
һסľӣϯΰԺǳɼң˭ң
̵ңҵĹʶܡ
ﲻ 
 ҰֵĹҲܡ
 񣿡
 һ㣬ڼʱ䶼
һˡ
忴ľӶһۣôõСһеͻȻҼ޵̫ û뵽ҵŮҪ ôߣ
ľҿǲ˼Ҫ  顣
ľľүүҲϯ⣬ľӶľ֧ż˵Ŀ⣬һѣͬⲻ㣬ף  ̡
һ˶ḷ̌ľŤһ£ҳ
ľǰ棬ϯῸں棬ߵľҼ ʮԶɽ¡
ľһҲߣϯΰϲң
ϯ῵ıһӴӲӺ쵽ͷֱľ̵۾ûӱܣŮӲҪ ʵôֱӡ
ϲңǲϲң
ϲ㡣ϯ䡣
ľ̺棬ʲôʱʼϲҵģϲʲô
ϯΣѾͷôô档ϯ룬ʲôʱʼҲ֪ϲʲôʼϲĿɰľͲ֪ϲʲôǾ ԺһҪ 飬㣬һ   á
ľ е㸴ӣȻһֱϯῶʲô뷨 ֪ оֲ̫áԽΪĿĵϹãľˣå֮е㲻븺ô죿  
ëëëë
ɶ¶
˼ˣå 
˭
ϯΰ
ѵһֱڸ
Ҫ ˣ˵ϲҡľ̷С
ǽ鰡
㲻˵Ҫ ר ѣ 
쳾Ҳص㣬ˣɣȻҪɺ쳾

ô˵ ëëʡ
ͻȻ ˵Ļø߶ˡ

ĺëëˡ
ľ̸Լ ðɣ 
ϯ῿СѾͷһᣬСԴ֪ʲôʲô˵𣿡
ľסСҪ ˣһδ˱ףǷ
ϯΰ
ðɣʱͬ⡣
ͬ⣿
šľ̰ĵͷ̧ͷͺúõŰɣҳ󡣡
ϯЦ СѾͷϸͷá
ǰûʮӣľϯΏȥ




65.   65 »سǵϣ

ľ ϯߵǰ, ָָϯΰҾˣʱˡ
ľӱе㲻ܽ, ǰûʮ, Ů; СŮˣ϶Сıƭ˹Ů
ľүүһں, û˵, ϵЦǿüġľ̡һһֱͿϯ ͦ˳˵, ʹûɶëľӡΪҲǿϯ СӵġĸȻ̶, ϯ, Ҳ˵ϯɶ⡣
֮, ľ̵δ ô
Լ, һһٷ,   ·ˡ
ڶ ͳԷһ,  ҵ֮ͨãҲ˵ļ֤ˡ
˻, Ҳ, ϯ죬һ˶ȥһ䣬Ϲ˵ĻǶ飬̾͸øһ˫Ь ӴСҳ軵ˣ ô˻Ь
ϯЦˣ, ЬĶĺܣôҿࡣ
ľ̿һۣʶࡣ
ľҲûɶϳʱǸһ װ һ˫Ƥף װһļıɣһ ҩӣװİ׾ƣһѾ̣ ɲͨɫ
ϯΰľһȥ̸һΡ
˵ģָ߿۾ˡ
ģô֪Ͳ֪ˡ
뵽ľ̶׵ǸˣѾԲϢĶģڻָ߿ ġǸˣҲ֪ľΪʲô
ģԺ󲻻ȥǼҡ
ľ̵ͷٺòˡ
Ϊ˹ģȥسǼһţαװϷĹģڶžͱ͵ 
ӵŵʱڵͶӢͷϵĺһɹĺ˵ģ˭ģ
֪ϸŷ⣬ Щûյš
򿪿
 ϵ࣬ŷ⣬Ų̶֣ ֻһϢǾлָ߿Ŀܡ˲ʱľ˵ָ߿ 洧ǲΪʵųļϢ Ϻţˡ
ӢţĻ˵һں   𣿡
ƽһкܴġ
ȥˡ
סȱ˵˵˼Ҳһţ ҪҪȥ飬̲ġ
ԶԣǸӺãҾǳϵĿ̫СˡӢɥ
ļ򣬡£ңҸ㲹Ρ
лл㣬ãõѡ
ЦЦ¹һ㲻ҶӳţҪȥس ġ
ĶȻḷ̌ӣ һ ȹȥԺͺˡ
飬Ҳ󣬶׼ҼӶȽʵټɽӵʦϴѧĻҲúܡ
ϯΏصӣһдţ Ϻ ǣ ¼˶֪
æ £  һ±⣬ľ̸İ׾ 浹һ ȥèǶ
èϣȾƣ˵ĶԣҪǽˡ
ϯ̧ۣô˵
Ǳֹ߲㣬㲻ûͬ˼һˣǣߣҪסǼҾͽߧһɣ  ֵģûЦң˵ߧ ˲٣ûȥϰࡣè졣
ʵҪ˵Ҿ̫ ɶͷû¶øüëһ˵ôͲأҴСҲǸٰ
ˣи¶˵һ¡
ɶèڻһ䣬ԱӣĲ졣
Ҷˡ
 ˭
СѾͷ
ǸСҽѽѽϯΰҾ˵ Ѿͷ δ˶ҩʵ˵ ǲûǮèˣ Լˣ ·ռˡ
ϯ῿ˣûҩ
ɶûУ мƲаҪ㻹ǻߧɣеô
ϯЦˡ
ϯңϯү Сӵţϵ¶Цݡ
ЦһСӣ
СӶˣ֪˼İײˡѡһ¹һֵǮġ ЩΪҩ⣬ϯ»ɽľҲ͸͸ġ
뵽Сʽҵ ϯ»Цһƣղ˼Ŷ
ֽ̿ʷ氵طâһдţԱͻȥ
ũյСŵĶϲԽѽСңжϴλ˵ Ѿˡ
ϯεĿһӣҿŵݸѽϧˣЩöأ֪ɶʱл͸̡
𼱣ܿġ
ϱ ճصפϯɣͬʱյţһСܼģһүүġ
Сܼĵţò¾֪үүдʲôСӣһȥ㡣
ϴ˾㿪ᡣں
ϯɰͷ£ߣ
ӣ̲ģʱͲӢͷѧϰһ춼¹ ֪ǵע⡣
룬ϾһҵõϢпָܻ߿ 뷨Ȱǰ׼
һϯҵĳЦôˣʲôء
޵ӵϼϢ ĳЦıֽ
ͷѧϰϼԾûȤ ˵Ů֪һˡ
ӢһͷѧϰľüͱȽС֪ 뷨û죬ѧϰ֪˼
ʱһζˣȥһİµף֪࣬½յ ţָ߿ µѾϣ  ںһƬۡ
 ֪µأһĴҸϰϣڹϣֻжǮһõ
Ϊ˸ϰϵ ֳ رڵسɼҵЩ֪Ϊ  ܡܵ ֪˶١
 죬ϼͦŻµĶӣϹ һӡĵ֪ܵ㣬һĴϣﻹдʣšѧѧҪѧ
ͬݵ˺ܻʱ һ飬һ㣬ϼڵ໴ޣϼ˹ߡ
  ͲӢһ֪ǣӢû
ƽʵĶѾǼ籩ˣļõģڲԶ һ죬ܿԼʵԼ롣ܿ죡
 һǰ׼ģɽӵˡ
ľ̺ ţʦŬ֮£ ꣬ɽϵʮģµʮŮŬѧϰܶ˼ʹϰ᲻÷ˣҲ°ʱŬѧϰ
ʼʱе㲻Ըү̶Ȱǣ źò׼û뵽Ϳϣ
Ǵѧʲô١ְɽȫˣÿ켯ڱܿǱͷѧϰ˰˼ȫͶѧϰ
Щѧȥģ찤˰ۡؾ֮һÿĿ಻ԣʮˣʲôѧ
ҵĵӣѾʮˣ £Żƾ ѧϰһζӲﻹľҵĺгϢ




66.   66 ¸߿ɼ


ʮ¶ʮһ, ָ߿Ϣȫ칫ԭŰɣɹ, ȫһ Ͷѧϰ
ӵĶӳɽ, ׷׷ӳԼӵ, ֪඼ µ, ĶϵҲĸĺ, 첻 ¡
ɽһ, ¶ǲ , غ˼һӵĴ¶, ö ֪綼, ҪǿѹҪ¡
Ҳ˼,  ˵һº Ҳ ˶ ʱ  Сᣬ뿼Ծ ǿ, ȥũԺ·  Ŀˡ û, Ҳ֪ԼＸ, ԺðĹ ӡ
ɽ˴ û ɽӵˡ գɴ ȥɽӿ
ɽڴڵĶС
ǼҴأ
ڵءСͷҲ ̧
ǸأôһȺСشڣ
ѧϰء
ѧɶأ
С̧ͷһۣ汿ѧϰ ѧϰ ɶ
ɽһҭ úСƽ, ׼ȥţɽӵ˵͵ţ·ŵϿε ġ
ţ˺ӣÿר־ ʦΣʮҵĺӡ
 ˡû¶ڴɢӿɽ
 ɶ¶֪ɽʵˣһû¶Ҳ ɽӡ
ûɶ¶缸ӵң˵֪಻ µص¶ Ǵû
һЦǴû֪డ
Ǵ¶̤ʵءɽͷ
ɽţϿεĶЩССϹȥˣûɶ¶˵ ɽˡ
Ҳû¶ܿǱȥ
ܿվ ȫ һ ˣǰĴڰ壬һ ʦһʼǡ˶ ϻȵúܣһɺûע⡣
ӿ⣬˾ Ҫƴϵľ
ϰʱ  ľҵĵˡľ޶Ҫμӿԣľʮ껹û 飬ҲҪοľҲ ⡣컪ҲסľҡľӼľˣǻûӣӶҪοľ衢ľӢӺ˶סɽӡ
ľ˴Сطܲ ԣ塢ľӢľӢ˺ɽӵʦʵ̫ˡ
ԭֻǾò ܴ ᣬһҪƴһѣɽѧһʱ  ԼˮƽԭͬѧˮƽԼ һս֮šʮĿʲôĶû ˡȥʹѧѧ
æѧϰչ˺ǵճʱ  ľҵĻʳĺãͷĸˮˮ ϣһ һÿ컹 һ˲Ӫ
Եǰ죬ʦ ϿΣǰԼмǿʦ ʱ ĸҹ༦Լ ƾڵˮƽֻҪȡò ĳɼ
ʦ⼸ر⣬ǴСѧӢӢ ˵ǿ ǺǧǧĿúÿӢҲ ܷɣȻ ɼֻҪӢɼͻǾ   ȥϺЩж ͬѧǣڹҼ˲Ű
ʦĵĻľ̵ģһλỹҪץסˣԺǵĺ뱲ӵĻ  ˡľħÿ¿λư͵ĸˢԼ⡣
ͷѧϰУԺܿ쵽һľҵ緹һ˲ܳ԰ͷľ̳˼ ԰ӣ ͡
һǰ԰  һٷ־ 𣿡
⽨Ҫ ã
ֲ  һľ̴ڰˣһ̲˰Ӳѹǹζ
ɽһȺɽ˹磬 ˶ڴǡӲο Ҳ ʮˡ磬˭ ֪ɽӵԱٵģ Ĵһ롣쿼ԣɽӵĶ鿴 ˡ
 ﷸֹɽ² ʶֵĽ춼˰ɡ
˿ľд֣鿼ˢˢˢĿʼдΧĿûһ룬 дһˡͷ⣬¶ ࿼ʦˣ࿼ʦ˽˵ǲ Ӧ
ڽŵĿУʱ   úܿ죬οҶľˡȿһƣǿľ ʼϴϰ¡
ô죿ѧ ûӢ﷭Ǹʲ ʶϹɵģϣľʦûһ 
Եĵڶ죬 еܿ⡣ʦѴһĸĿȫд£ȻǶ 𰸣ҹ֡
ο196ˣȫԱ250֣ ٷ182ˣ İٷֵ97ˣǼһϲҳľҵ˶ 300֣߷ľ462֡
ٶ ֵ̲ סֳɼߵҲ ˵´̼ͬѧ
ҲţôŬѧſٶ ֣ɽµˡ˵ ⣬зҲ һ׼Ҫľʦ֡ٲ УǵɱӢ
 ǣ ǣżֻǹ֡ǼȥˣŴ𰸣ȥ˼Ҷ һ 𰸡
Ŷľ輸Сӣ˼ݴ𰸣һ̵ɽ
ľ̲ ģľӢӻؼңľӢﵣģ˵ҽ᲻ ῼ ϡ
ٶʮ֣һ ô ܿ ϣֻҪ㲻 ѡѧЩѧУϣǺܴġ
ˣҪѡһѧУľӢĵһ㡣
磬ľһȺЦܻԭǺʹӵ 𰸣ٶ ֵһѣһٶ ֵҲ ٣ٶ ֵ˾ ˡ
ľӢͦľôһ˵ǿˡ
û 죬ˣʹԤĲ  ɽӵ˶˷ߣɽõ·ĳɼʱ ֶڶģɽҪ찡
ɼȥ칫˶궯ûϵЩĽ۾ˣҲ  µɽӣ ʦ һѡ
һʱ  ɽӵ˳˴ص㡣
ľҼõɼ￪һͥ飬ľ̵ºľǵĲ£һԭ򣺵һѧҪѡУϾԺչ ڶԼȤسѡһ רҵҪ Ȼ ȥʦ
ľǸˣֱѡ˱ѧӢרҵҽҪѧϰľ˾ʡϴѧרҵԺڽϵͳҽһҲչ˺ӡľľ豨ѧԺľӢѧԺľӢӡ񱨿ʦѧ
οľҼıԭҲ 컪ݷֵܵһ־ԸǱѧԺһӣѧԺ  ĸˡ
ľ ĿıϾΪ˱ѧУ¶ʦ һοΣʦǸԼ˽⣬ҷЩѧʲôˮƽЩѧ ЩרҵôҾ ˷Լķһôѧ
ŵıϺɽӵĴÿֵúܣҶڵ¼ȡ֪ͨ 




67.   67 ȥ

, ˣ ʵԱ 
Ķأ
ˣˡ
ߵ̫ˣ, ȥļɽ, ܶʵԱ
أʵԱ,  , ̫ 
˵һˮ, ʵԱӹ, ˵лл ˮ, Ъ, ʵԱԼİ, óһ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ƴľ̡ľ컨
еֵ˶æ, ֪ʵԱˣľܵ, ľ̴ľķ¼ȡ֪ͨ, Ц۵ġ
ʵԱĽ, 磬 ӣôѵĸ߿ҿĸء
ľһţƴģʵԱͦĽζ
 ¼ȡ֪ͨأҵܹ
Ѿ Ǳ𼱣һû¼ϣܶ໹ںͷء
ûõ¼ȡ֪ͨʧǵöʵԱ, һ㰡
ĿʵԱɽעֻص¼ȡ֪ͨϡľܹ ¼ȡ֪ͨأ  
ƨߣȥȸ үү̿
¼ȡ֪ͨ˸߸˻ؼҡľ̿ ֪ͨ飬ǵһ־ԸѧľʡǴѧľѧԺõ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ȥңҶ¼ȡ 
ӣʱӢҲõ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣Ӣޣ ܻؼˣ ܻؼˡ
кᣬҲԻؼˡõ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬֪Ŀ⸴ӵĿǣǰζӳʡ
ʱһɽӱϲûžͺۺӶ Ҫȥ׶ˣ
ľ߳Ǻúӡľүү⼸ϵЦûȥ
  Ҳ벻Ⱳӻѧһжл˵ǵչˡ˵ᶼˡЩ꣬ĸ ˣҾ ٰ죬ʼն
ľӸһӣ˵ģɶȥġ
ľࣺȰޣǲ֪Դ֪ҪμӸ߿ԼǱ߿û䳰ȷϻ˵жûҵ޲μӸ߿в ϱ һ
ľЩʱľˣϾԼҵӣʼסһͺˡ
ľ̾
죬ÿʵԱҪһɽӣɽӲο196ˣȫõ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬Ҳһר
ɽӵ¼سؽֵҵľ ڶ죬ؽ֡ί칫Ҵżߵɽ壬Ҫɽ¼ȥ
سǵˣľӡͷȥţһٴ꼸ʦôôĽ ڣ󻹰ҶũҵҲȥɽӵţ˼·ŵʮ꣬Ϊ˴Ӿľܺ ˼ҵġ
ҶȻҲ֪ľӵĺ⣬лѡ·ŵĲ˶صλ αֽǺóúܡ
ڶҷˣҲд·ԱʦŸ壬 ʦͽ ʦһƬʱŷȥʱǣӢۣ·ʮ196ѧֺר
ɽӸ߿һ·ʻƽһͣûõ¼ȡ֪ͨˣȴԽԽ
ͲӢȴȺģóƱȥһɽľҸ
ʱ򣬲Ӣ˷ܵסҪʲôȥ
ϴƷϴ֮⣬
Ҳ
͸ ǰɡ
У ġӢϲ̵İ 򿪣óĶ¶ӷһ춼ʰ 

ϼӢü
߳ȥ
ϼ˹ȥһץס֣һĿؼҰ Ұ  ؼң ؼҡ
ϼ˹һ٣㻹أôģ ǻؼҡ
ϼһģסϼ֣ Ұ  
ô֪࿴ţϼϹҲסһƴϼϣߣȥ
ߣϼһֱޡ
Ӣﲻܣǻȥȥһϼɡ
ȥɡҲֻܰһ 
̾ϼԴӽ󣬺ûյţǾȥһˣϼسҲϣã
ڶ죬컹δӢ˾뿪 ӣһ·سȥϻ𳵣һ·Ͽ
ľõ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬һҲȥسǣȥ ϯῴ绰
 õ¼ȡ֪ͨ ľĺܡ
绰Ƕ˴ϯ῵ͳЦϲȻõ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ǲҪһ δ򣿡ԴӶҲûϿдš
ߣ пհɡʲôʱȥȽϺʡˣȥ𣿡
ϸ¾ͻȥˣ ˵һֱ㣬ȥǾܼˡ
ľЩᣬ绰ͷϯῷ·֪ʲô ҲҪؾУ飬ʱ ȥǼҡ
ҲҪ飿
ţҰѧȥѧУˣԼ ֱҵ֤ 
ľһ㣬Һ͵˵
 绰ľ̻ؼңһ˶õ֪ͨ󣬼㶼ȥλ ְڲȥϰࡣ
 Ǿڴѧһ׷ӣʯͷšľʹ˵뷨
ľҲͬ⣬ӻҪԼߣֻ˶ҪϿΣ˭
ʯͷҲѾ  ׼͵׶԰ȥ¿ξȥ
ḻ̌ʯͷСҪʼĶŶ
˶Ц 
ľӢӺľӶǴˣûкӵĸѧԼȥѧУ
ľľ衢컪һѧУǶͷСӣԴ ԼľҲܡ
ȥ͹Ů顣
ľ̾ ʮ ǴˣǿԼȥ飬 ҲԼȥ
ǲ һ·ʲô
 Ǻöھǣ ĸȥѧУɶĵġ
ëëŵģܸɵɶ
֮ľһҪ͹ŮȥѧУ
ľȥһҲãǶȥɣϯ῰ؾˣÿԼһ档
δ׼ңǱҪȥ Ů̵ӡ⻰һҲ˵Ҫȥľ̡ľүүҲеĶʱֺҲ±ϳҲŻϣ߶߶ľľҲ˵ûȥ׶ȥ졣
ã˶ȥ
ľӢӣ ҲǹŮô ȥ顣
ľΣɶ㶼ɼˣǴˣǹܡ
ľӢӱĺܡڻĸסһ׷ӵĺҲ˵
һӶȥǣƵʱ򲻺סľ̸ ϯῴ һ绰æһԺӣ һԼĴæһһǮڵġ
֪ľҪȥǣϯѾƻŰѻڶ£ҷҲץתͷϯ῾͸ 绰ӵ绰Ƕ
ϢڷӦǰѵӹʮû Ȼ￼Ƿӵ¶һףϽôȥ
ľǰȥǣ¶㶨 ҪƱ 
ľȥϺڣϺڵԺ
զ£Ҫߡ
ӴľϺЦŴ кҪߣ׼ȥϷϷ÷ơ
ףԴ 
ϺˬһЦлл Ѱ˼Ҫ㶫
ľһת֪Ҫʲô  Ҳ£ 㻻һЩȫƱ
˵£пǴһˡ





68.   68 



شڵС, ԶԶͿɽɽ£ѾӾܡ
СľӴɽϵͷ, ˳·ͷ, ڴڸպӭɽ
¶
ɽ߹, ¶Ҹһ, Ǳͬ־, Ǵ·ŵļλʦƽˡ
Ӵ, ǿĺ¡ҾѰ˼, Щ ҵҵͬ־, 쵼ǵǵġ
׶ͬ־ĵͷ, Ǻͬ־, ڹҽٲǣ·ɡ
ľ·, СܵţǱ֪ͨϢȥˡ
ľǵţʱ򣬸պǿμϢ, ʦ˳
·ŵɽӵʦ, Ǻͬ־ľһܡ
ǾͲϻˡóһļ̶̼֣ת۾ˡ
ϴº͵Цϻ˵úã²ɣ̣ȥľȥɣǶǺʦ, ڱֽ϶ˣũ壬ٸѧĽҵҪǣϣջصλΪҷչһ
׿ڼۺᣬҪǣһʧ
ãǺͬ־˼ĺ׿֡
ɽˣţµĶԼˡ
ľӸпϲǣྡ
̷ҲһЩ ɽӶǼİǶ
ˣ̷ʦ˵Щ ɶǻﻥ
ǣǡ
ףʦԽԽð
ΧԱΪǸˡ
ʦŰ֣裬ʲôʱؼң
ͻȥʦƽһʱ̲סķ
ԣߡҦкᣬɷͶӡ
ںʦִȽҲţɴһߣ·ҲиӦ
¸̾һ·žʮ꣬Ķ׳׳Ѿʮˡ׳׳Իرûжٸоֻ ҲԿѧˣ裬ҪμӸ߿
˫ۺᣬӦһ
ѽǶˣǼŶҶЦǺǵ߹
ƽĶǸˣҶʦȽԼѧŶ䱣Ǹũҵģûǡ
Ҷ𼱣ɵĹҸд棬ȫϱе㡣
ҶҲǾͶлӳˡ
ڶţʦҪߣ ѧĺҪţֻȥ顣һǸӰǵѧҵ
ͷϴֶ  ȰλʦǶдѧʵˣɽЩ ꣬ôѧѾˡ
ҪߣľӽȥľǴ绰ڻ磬ʦѻƱˡ
Ӱ칫Ҽ˻ ţ˼Щ ꣬ߵʱ Ҫ͵㶫 Ժۣ ɽûζ
չȥãҼһɽģЩ ʦҲиҲ͵ ƾ⣬һЩ ôߵĶ·ϳԣ糴ӡӣ֮ĶҲԷžһ㡣һЩ ɹɵĢѡƷõģȥԼԡ񶼿ԡ
ľ룬ÿʦưɣ˸ˡȥḷ̌ľҲͬ⣬ ʦÿ˰ﲹơЩ ҩó٣ԼҺȵģûиˡ
ڶߵʱľóҶۣһ㲻İѰԼлǵ⣬ԺʱҳԷȥȫ۵³ԿѼ
ãǿɼء
ȽһʵĿʦļҷֵľƣΪͷģʦʦ֣һ׾ƣһ벹ơ
·ſʼμƽؼңˣе᲻ ߵɽ£һͷɽϵɽӣһֿԴĸо
û¶пԺ˾ϣ ܸϿΡ
Ҷ뷨ԣر̷ڣʹˣҲ˼꣬ɽҲ
ľһ˻𳵣ָ
׿ûа£ҶܽǶƽˡҶߵʱ򣬴ľĥ׾ƣﲹƣľŷһΣ˾͸˰ɡ
ҶһѶЦĺʹҸǡ
Ҷߺû죬Ϳ쵽ѧʱˣɽӼҼһкϴѧͷҪߡЩ ͱϣģŶδ㽡
죬ľҲҪˡϯΏ˱ǰ绰˵ҵʵķˣʲôʱ򵽡
ɽڵϼ½ɽӳȥĶԶ·ʱ䳤ɴߡ
Ͷóʱ䣬ͿʼԵҪһЩ ʱʳͷɰ
̣ͷ𣿡
;𳵼ֱĥŵ죬̲ˡ
ҩ  ãöˣٳһҩƲˡ
ϰûɶ⣬Щ  㲻ֻʵ̫ĥˡ
û¶Ժɻ
ľ̵Ļһ˶Цˡ
쵽ʱ䣬ľӽľСȥһЩ ʷ˻˼ Щ Բ
󣬴ڴϢŻΡ
ľ ۡ
Сʱ䣬ǰɽͺɽѾƮĸоɽһֲҩģ쳤ؾõĽȾһСѾӷתݣҩʱܸоҩݵ֭ҺŨŨ
⼸겻ϰҩԾȻûеǷ켫ĳ̶ȣԳһһҲ죬Ծʵ ѾͬʱƵ𡢵¯߰ҩģԼ򵥵ĵҩ˵ѶȲ󣬵 Ҫʮ֣ʮҩĵĵҩ͸㲻ˡ
֮ܶĿǰƳĵҩȫɽկ½ĵҩȻԴġ뵽ۣޣ ҩȱҲһԭ
˵òˣûҩʲô취ֻܸݵҩȫҩټҩҩ໥գȻҩЧвҩ滻ռĲҩܶѾ̺һЩ ΣɽկȽϺõҩ
һ־֪ǶͷкôģռĺƷʺãŪɵһֻëҩӵëڶֳŨܣ ʮй󡣺Ūһֻɽԣëָǰ֡
ëë²ۣô䣬ⶼǸ߲Ʒ
˵ôֱûѵġ
ڶֵҩǸ»裬ڽǿ֮ǿ壬Ǹﳤ׼ģЧ죬Чá
ҲԼǿıĵһߵʱҩЧͺõ ܡֻ͹һŸϯῡ
ѲĵҩģժһЩ 㽶ƻѩ桢ӣ͵ɵµľ
ڶ죬ľſڴϣʹľѴϳľӣۣôˮô֪ˮļ̌ͷľ̡
ľƲ죬֪ǰɽʦģҴųϳԣҸˡ
ʮ˳ţ˲ӡɶģҲûע⵽ΪǱ˰ġˮóϴϴǳһ㣬Եˮθڡ
ʦǵܵ
컪һƻһ㽶ȥϴƯˮһ·˳˵Ŀ⡣ϴˮĸС
СŻƳγε㽶ˮľ̸ĸСһһ
Сرò˵лл
һˮ˼죬㵽վˣһӹǶҪˡ




69.   69 »վԼҾ

, һ   ӣˡ
֪ˡ
ľӡľһ ȣ ľ̸һ  , ľӰѶڵ, , ֻȥ
 , ͬÿͶѾվ, ľһ Ӳſʼ ߡ
ϯ, ȥ, ǲһ ,   ôûż￴
һ ,  , ںɡ
Žӵ˶࣬춭ϯŴϯС ϯվˡ
ϯվſڵ, ˡ
裬 , ˶ˡ
ǰ, Ķأ
Ѿ߳ˡ
֣裡
̿ʮûŮˢһ   
ۿˣһ ʱ˵ 
ϯӹ ӣ֣ һ ·ˡ
У չˡ˵к ӹ໥ܡ
һ Цһ ߲, Ӵ׼ң㿴ңֿЦģ治˼
ľЦɶýģôҶס
⻰ һ ɲ
ϯǰο㿴㣬趼úõģˡ
ϯľ߹裬̡
⺢ӳ ãﻶϲ ḷ̌ϸ˿Ƕԡ
꣬հţϯ󡢶ŶڻشԺϯϯῴľһ ȥõд
 ߣкľ̰ ȥ
ϯϯ῿Žĳдֺ÷䣬ȥӪ緹
 һ ʮˣ ˼ ˣ࣬Ͻ˷дϢ
ϯϯῷľ̡ľӡľȥӡ
ԺλúãۼҴԺǱ·ͶʮӣǰֹǵضɳƽʱżҲļѲߵģȽϰȫ
к˵쿴ſڵš
ɫ˫ţϵĺѾ߲Žȥƹһ С ǽǰһ Ժӣ  е¾ɣĻáӱߣ滹һ ŷӣмиС ԺС ķʮӡ
ľģľӡľӿҲ̹
Ǯ
ǧ֮ۡⷿǰίռˣĻáӴС˵ӵʱԺɱһ ԺӴһ Щ۸ ϶
ϯ˵ⷿ˻󣬷ԼסӦ·Ӹ챻ջȥˣɴת ׵
ľ۸سôĵأķӣûԺӹ
ľ۸ܽܣɣֻҪ ס
˼۸ϯϯῶû˵ ľ̿ϯһ ۣͷԷ˵ ˣʲôʱ ȥ 
ϲ ھͿȥ졣
ĶԵһ  ؼǮ
С ʱľǮͷͣһ ȥӡԱʶǰŰѷ˸ת ˡ
 Ǯҷֱ
ϯֵܰ ͻдźһ Զٷ
ľͬ⣬컹Ҫʰӵ顣
õ˷֤ľӴ֤С Żд֤óľүү ľүүһ ȣľҺ ׶طзڱӼôһ §ǮŮԴŮһ Ӷĺġ
һҲˣ Ϳ԰ȥסˣ
ǷǸշӣɶҾ߶ûУ ҪסҪҾߡ
ľүүѣ˷ȻȥѴŵˡ
Сľӿŷ֤ϲ̵ģľ 뿴һ ֽŪô졣
˵Ҿߣ ҲˣȻ ȥվг׵ļҾ߾ûоѡһ Щպš
ҾߵȻҪµģľӲͬ⡣
ľ̾ Ҿɵĺã˵㻹ǰĻƻ桢ľЩϼҾأ˵ԺֵǮˡ
һ ɶأкö˼һԼܵȥ򣿡
ö϶ܱˣǱµļҾ߱˵Ҳ׬
ԶԶԣȥվ
ľӡľֵżȥվľүүľȥ
˻վ ԺĶһ Щȱ첲ȵļҾߣ¶ţûһ  һ Щ鼮ֽ
ľɨһ Ժӣ һ һվĹ Աһ ľӽϼС ӽԺᶫ
ȻöˡԺų׵ļҾߣкöģҲȱ첲ȵģŶһ ޡľʱѡŴһ ЩɶģѡţȽмС Ӱȥ̫࣬ľӸǮ뼸վ˰æһ ᡣ
վĹ ԱǮһ ̣ľϱ߻һ վҪȥżĹٹû¶
ľһ ѷֽѰҵ飬 װɲġ Աһ ۣշֽļ۸һ ëǮ
ľӸվĸ˵һ ֧̣С û˿һ ۣ˵۸
ľӸݣһ ľӳ һ ľӣ ݸľ̡
صĺԺȰļҾѾˡ
̣סһ 䣿
סһ 䡣ʱͿˡ
УҸѴȥļ̌Ų𿪵ľ嵽ԺľүүŴӣһ ṦͰѴƴ
ľүүϲЩҾߣϸĿһ ֪ЩĶһ Щ ˣһ ľ
ľƤЦĹүүҲľͷ һ 
ľүүҳȥ¡
ɫڵʱ򣬴 ˣǰԺ ľүүľסľӴ컪סľӴľ衢ľסľһסԺ
̾ѽ벻٣ҪȻҲ̵ĴԺӡ
ˣкϢˣҲԺס
ľһסдڶ緹ŰȥĺԺ
ľүүľӡľһ ЩľͷϼҾ޲ľ̡һ淴żС ȥ̸ǡõĹưЩ
Ϻﻻ˲Ʊһźһ ųĳߴľͷһ 鲼Ŵؼңľ衢컪 ﱧˮӡЩȻؼһ ˡһ Ҫȥٻ¥ľ 
ϱ ĲƱôȽϽԼ̸ǻд֪
ȥԱ߹䡣
Զˣһ  ſڽ ǴˣһԹŮûС ʱ򿴵ô
֪
˰ٻ¥ľ߹ҹգһ С ûˣͳһ װޱޱһ ߽أڱӦùˣʵĻ ͰްޱҲܶһ Щ¡óһ װһ ȣƻѩ棬һ ǰڶǹ
ϸЩû̱꣬ȵ װ˺ˡ ɵڣȻѵٻ¥ 档
̣ɶ
ľ յ
˲ͷϲڵĺˮǺöȥٿ
һ ľ öˣһ ӻؼҡ




70.   70 ׼Ҽ


ɶľŰѴӹ, Ƕˡ
ǶˣǹҲ˯ɡ
զˣ
һɫãˣ޻Ʊ, һ ʮ, ˵洲, ǵޱ, ô˯
ż, ȥ, ˵վ ޻, 洲, ޻̸ǡ
ֻˡ
ɶľһ 
һһ , Ǽİɡ
һŤͷ溰, ǹ
Ӵӳ, Ǹɶ
ɶ
ģġ
ľóһѼ, Ӽ, һ ޱǵõޱѹ
ޱôôࣿ
ľһһ óһ ϾͶѳɽ
ľһ ѣӴǺ޻ɲ˰ɡһ ӻôء
ˣò̸, ˡ
ѾͷĶŪģ϶⺢ӰҲ֪Լһ㡣һǮ
ĶŪģþˡҲ֪ģѾͷϾû ޻Ʊ
һһǹˮȡۣȡ
ɶȣǻȡ
ˣһڳϯʲô񣬾ɣֺÿ
ľﲻʹˣŮȥĶǸϯģ
ˣϿŪã׼緹
ȻޱǺ һŵúúøŮ˵˵ʱȥбץˣͶѿô죿СѾͷҲ̫ˣ
磬Ůڼڱӣ촲ľ̰ﲻæżֵȥվһ  ûĶ
дϲľǸɫĴ󶦣䣬ľӼһ Щľͷûһůһ ˻ΧŻ¯ӿ졣
ڶʮ㣬ϯϯֵܹˣľѾʰ׵ͳš
˴Ժſڣڡϯ󡢶ĸڴſڡ
Ͻ㣬㵽ˡȵϽõ֡
ľϹЦԺӣ춼ڼʰأ ˾ȥ䣿
Ǹá
ϲ̣ľһ 䡣Ҳû׼ңŤͷֺһһ ·ϼŮĵֵúܡ
һ Ⱥ˴ԺΧۣ·ϻ ˭ҵĿˡ
ЦŴҼϯ῵ң
һ˵Źϲϲ֮Ļ
ߧ⣬Ļϱ鲻ÿԺ˭֪ǰϯס
裬Ҫ
ͷݺһۣ죿㿴ܸܲ˵ò׸һ żң¶һ æﲻϣʲô
ĸŮ˵źݻڴſڵһ ϯԶ˲ŽԺߧżȥ
ϯҡ
Ҷ
к£ϯ¯һ ˮҵ衣
飬ҺֵʱҲڣ°ݡһһ 衣
һӹ˵ȴǺ̹ġڿ治ԺҲòĹŮźϲ쳳ܡ
죬ʮһ ңϯүӻˡ
˵СѾͷˡ
ľЦеվǰϯүүɺþûдˣòˡȥϯүүдŸңҪһ ƿ衣
ϯүӹЦСѾͷأУ˵ҪĶҿ׼˵á
СҶ׼Ķó
Ա¥һ ľϯүӵݸ
ľ̴򿪣һ֬ӣľ̿ϯһ ۣЦŶϯү˵ҿɾͲˡ
ľ˲ӦϯҸϱļһԹ˹Ůһ ̫ˣЦ͸øģ̴˲٣Ժ󶼸
ѾͷƢ
վ׼ҽľүүḷֽ̌СһġϯүǸ̸ģĵ֡
緹ϯүӻ ǳ
磬ϯżֵȥ䣬ϯῴľɢ
û߶Զ˾Ϳ޿Ľߧ಻ߧ仯ͦġһ  棬ǰϲزסԽһ 㲻ʣƵɫ۾˵㲡
ľ̻ûüתͷߣͱߧ ˡߧԹϯΰôϲ𣿿ڹòãˣ
̣Ǳ߰ɡϯľŤͷߡ
վסߧס
ҽ֪ѡһ ҰѾͷѡңΪʲôϹ𣡡ߧŵ
ľ̼װԼڣŽߧò˵޵ôǱߧҲǺÿġ
úùԼӰɡϯľˣĽߧ
ľ̿һ ϯΰôˣ
ߧİְֻڵУǰЩ ϶Ӳ˵ġʱ佪ҵͨû˸մ֡
ߧżҲæ
š
ȷʵ ͦҵġ
ϯ῿㲻
ʲôľһ ±ơ
ұŮ˾ҲϯͻȻеԼоѾͷﲻֵ̫Ǯĸо
 ľЦˣ̧ͷϯΰǻû˵ ɣҲãǽġԺֻҪ㿴ЩŮվԶ㣬˼ҾҲͷϣƽƽ
ϯ῵ͷǹƽ
 Ժ㲻ϲˣǾһɢǣҪںҷֿ֮ǰŮ˹ģ²һô죿ľͷ
ϯԴģܷɱ
ľһ Ц߰ɣȥתת
˵Ļû˵ĺĵ һʶʱ֪СѾͷĽ̵ ᷸
ϯүûлľҳ͸ǻؼңϯ͵ſڣϯǻȥ
ϯľ͵ȻиСӡ
ʲô
ҺöȲһЩүү˾û ķˡϯһ ƿӣһţôɫǰĲһ ˣ㿴лơ
ϯӹǲһ ˣǸ䷽ɡ
¥ʲô䷽
ϯ˵ҩ
оһ £裿
ϯһ ƿӣͷ
һ ҩۣҩЧˡ
ϯϽһ ƿӹʮųˣƿʣˣһ СҩɶƿӸҡ
ϯض˼ЦǸ ͬ 岻ãҸԡ
еŮģ
Ůġ
ѽ㴦ˣôҲ˵ϲ
ϯ˼ͷûء
ϱùûϾСϱ͵ĺö
ùҩƿӵųʣŸ
аɣҲС
ϣϯүӻ õˣ˲ѣֻʮţţѾͷһƿһ㶼ʮţ˭͵Ķ
ĺԺ
ľӡһݽţ˵μ档
ϯ˶ͦãûҴ
ľӲϣҲʲôƾ֪һũ˵ һ ûﻰⶼ͸أľӾͿϯˡ
˵ɶʱ飿˵ڣǲ붨ôģһ ᲻ùŮöദһ ˽˽⣬˵ӻҪء
ʲô̲ʮ꣬ҲҪʮɣҪ˵õ̴ѧҵٽ顣
һһ ̴ͣѧҵʮˣϯ῵ʱ򶼶ʮˣ˼Ը⣿
ľˣ ɶԸģҹŮʲôʱ˾ʲôʱޡ
ˣˣû˵ͽ飬㼱ʲôһţӵݸĥ Ҫһµ




71.   71 ٵڶһ磬һ


ڶһ, һһ緹ϡӡ
ľ ڳ꣬ڿϣѽҪ˵ ǵݲ·, Էûݲ˸оûζƵġ
ܲװݲ̳, , ݲ㻹 Ҫ  
ܳԵϾ, 㲻 ١
˵Ҳԡ طɶҪƱ, ʱ㲻 ɡ
, ǰѷ, ̵Ļڻ ûת, Ҳ첻  Ʊ
 Ҫж,  ʱȥ Ū, ľû 
Ҳ ϲú¯
һʰ,  Ҽһú¯ӣʲô취
 ﲻ ϼ, סس, ҲҲ㡣
ľ ӼŮ ⣬æĺ Ҫ ҺͶҲ  
һľ֪ŮҿҪŮ޹ȥһľ Ǹ̲ ס  ô躢ӵġ
ľЦȥ, ϶ľġ
ϯľң˵ҪԸ ٿששͷŪϻ࣬һ칦̨ˡϼ죬 ̨˾Ϳ ˡ
̨Ҫȥľ̻ û뵽 취ѿռľһŪʮТδԶԷŪһ ֪ĶĻüһõ 
ľ̸ϯһЦСӻ 
һųͲҲˣϻ ҪԹ䣬ֻд ľôȼ
֣裬  ǿ æվöֽŪһЩ
ĸ СӣŪ˼ϣľҾͳռϻ ϲ ٹһӳԵ͡ϯľҳŻؼҡ
ˣһ첻 żңһ  ΪҲ ҪȢϱҪͶšϯ󶶶ıֽ ϯһۡ
ϴӳֺ˵ڲ ˼ҵﶼڸǰȥȥ ȥˣ˼˵  ǵ ôһŮ
ϯ ҷŵĻ ƣŤ򣬼װû 
 أ
 صλˣŴүүϱȥˡ
ϯЦ Ҫ̺һ㣬 ϱ̸ġ
ߣ ûؾ֪ϱˣ
 ϯ¥Сֹһģϱ
ǰ죬ϯῸȥľңʱһӣʱһ㻨  пֵʱȻԼľҼǣʹԿѼüϯΏ ķСľҲϤϯ῵ѡ
 ʮ壬ҼһǮƱŶеĴ ͷ⡣ľ̸Ͷȥ̿ˣÿëżܿ ţë壬ëһ ۸ 󣬾һ㶼  һŶӵʱã Ǹʦһ˵ һںŵ ֲ һ ŶӶ Ϻ⣬ԭ˼Լڲˡ
ı˵飬Ȼ 䣬Ҳ ȥ Ȼϴޱȥŵ䷢Ҳ ȥеĳŵ
ʮ ϣľǮƱĹһƱڻˡ
վסǮƱ
ľ߳Ż ûһԶͱ
ʵ㣬ֻҪǮƱҪ Ȼ
ļ̌ͷ΢¹£ľ̰۵С¶ǰ
ٺ٣СжûУǿǸҰ׼ĺġ
ľЦ֪ǰǾŲ Ұѹ
ӴҺú°㿴 ϵģֵ˻᲻ Ŵ üСһɫģЦ
  ǹ߷
ε̾һ뿪Ҫ ȻҾͲ ˡ
 ȻľһƬӵĻ죬 Ϊơ
ֶûдӶó˫ڿգˤһƬøǷϻ ľ̿ǣһԶ
һǣѿռ׼⡢ţ⻹ ˮ   һһߣʱһ·ԩ·խ ղȺˡ
쿴 ľ̵Ŵ ϥһǵѪùˣô ôĸϻľ̰ӵ ϣͳ˶о ᣬֲ ҡ
ãҰѶؼҡ
ʮֺ󣬵 ľ ľţ ܡ
 ߣ
ľ ӳţɶʱŵģ Ǹţ ϵĲ ȫ
룬㲻 ֪ ̧һأ˼ҵ־ˡ
ȥʦǶˣ ͷǡ
 У šľ Ůصʦɽˣ
ľ ͷݸǣš
˵ͷС˵һллŤͷԶˡ
 ʲôˣ
ȥʦǶõĶǰҰһͷ
ľ ûж룬ͷſڵɶ ôء
ö
ʦɽˣզ 뵽 ǼǼҶס¡
ϿҾˣ
ľ˶ϰľ ʦУȥ˯ɣ䲻 䣿Ļ Ҹһ¯ӣ ú̿ľա
 ã ãҲ 䡣
ү߱ģľ Ŀľ̽˺ԺŽݼ˯
ڶһ磬Ĵ֣ȥ緹 ǽӦ˭ܲɶģ ߶ֻ Щˣһʮ
һҲˡ
 ɩ㲻 ˯һ
 ˯ˣҲ ˡϴ ˵̰Ķأ
ǽء
ҲǸ۴ ģڽűأ Ĵҡһһȫ⡣
ҵ죡
զˣ߹
 ѾͷǴ׳ô ô⣿
ϻ˵أ˵ɶŵ š
һһװĶˮ ǡ˵ Ѿͷ ż죬 Щŵ
һﲻ ȣСȥԺľ𴲡
ḻ̌űӷԴ 
𴲡һƿḻ̌ӣһ¡
˲ѣϽץӸϣ ĸɶ
㣬ôŪģǲ ȥˣ֪ ֪Ǵ ѧ ҪǱץס ǰ̾ͻˣϴޱʱô˵ģľԲ ȥУ˵Ļ ˣ
ûôŰɣ
ḷ̌
úúã𼱣ȥû֪
ô֪û֪
ľû취һˣ֪ʦɣҵģҵҲ֪
ʦģʦ ɽ𣿡һŰɡ
ģʦôˣȥĶţ ȱԣľ˵ն
һ ŴǣҪľ ʮɽϰ̫ණؼңʦҹŮĳ谮Ŀá  ǻطľ ľ Ҳͷ  ˡ
ľ̾ ɶ Կⶼ͵͵ġ
¶ʮŰ磬ϯƻ ӣ  Ĳ㡣үүǷĹʣǼ٣Բ  ô࣬Ҹ
һЦ̫ˡ
һϯ͵Ϻõţϯῴȥ
ϯؼң Ժ˸յ ϯȥ񣬻ʱô һ⣬Ľˣ Ҳ̫ˡ ӻô һ⣬ ũֱ
 ⣬һհɡ
һӶͬ⣬ǶԳԲ ޡ





72.   72 ±


ʮ, ҹʢ
緹򵽵һֻһֻ죬ȫտˮëɾ ĸ, ʰӽɰ, տ, С, Ϲá , ɿ֮ﱸ 
հ, Ϻõ廨, ж¹󵽰,  滨, ģְƤĵ, ͹ըִ࣬гɺƬûθɲ, ݹ ˮĸɶǣ, Ŵζ
ľû, ټϱŵסһʮհףҹ룬 ķ ԣʱϹһУ¶
ɱ ǵȻ
 緹ɱ㡣
աľѶúͮͮˮе̵ˮ ÿһƤ, Ĳִӹó
ӽ棬һ㣬涼ˡ
ˣˡ
ľԺﺰԷˣںԺľļ ˶ˡ
ԣ극Ū
ڰٻ̵ƹģи Сѧ ƹ̨ȥԡ ҵطƹ̨̫ˣֵ Ŀü СΪ ƹ̨ܣֱӾͻؼˡֵܻڼһ ̨
שͷ ľӳһ ⣬ɴ שͷ 룬 ľ塣Ҷÿԣһ𴲣˶ںԺΧƴõľ׹⡣
䣬ľڴϿ飬һԺľ
ľҵӽ治Ǳߵӽ 飬ͣ϶罷꽴͡۳ģ̿ڣ 棬ϿˮİײģľҲܳһ롣 Ҫԭ ԭʳ
緹 ľΧݵĻ¯ӿ𣬳üûע⣬ӿռ͵ƻ ľӽ¯ƻ ľȼպһر ľζ
ϵΧȹľŴף ˵ϯľͷ ĶģζͦŵġľЦ Ц ɶ Ұæ
˶࣬ 㡣
컪һ㣬ŽǰѻǣȻҪըס
¾ƣľ һ ӹ Ż
˵衣
⣿
컪һ Сã㻹 ԰һ ը Զ
˵лһֱ߰ӽ¯ СʱŪˣ컪ѻ͵
ƹ򡣡
ľ̳ţǰԺƹ̨ˣľľ ֡
컪ԾԾԣˣԡ
ľӰƹĵݸ  
컪СѧʱΧ۹ Ӵƹ  ӲҲ롣ģǰ漸ûд򵽽ڣɳȥˡ
ваԡҲ
ľۣϣ˭֪˵Ҳһ ˼ úĴ򡣽 ֵһ һ һ һ 򣬶ôҹЦ 
ӣ ʽʼæģ㣬һգ Ҫһ㣬ͷ β㡣ʣһ 㡣Ϊ ˼ӿ˷ͣһ̳Ӱᵽ̨ԱߣǰŰˣ  㡣
ζҨһ׸ɷһȥһ뷹
ߵңҹ󹦸ɣϷź㡢㡢հסŶմ졢ɰĸ㳦Źǡ糴⡢󵶰ȹʮˣԢ ơ
˱ﵹľṩİ׾ƣŮ˺ȵ轾ơһٱף󼪴˳졣
ϯߣԶϵϯɣ ϯȫ롣Χһϯ»һڲƣ ǵƶɲˡ
ϯ῰ȥľҰ꣬͵ö
ϯɽҺϸ ףǸöһ㡣
СŮϯ˽ƽ⣬Ц ŵΪ ֻС͵㶫
ǻ Ϊ ɶ
俴Լˣ̾Ц ǲϵľͷ ̰ľҵľˡǶһ㣬˼ҲҪһ㡣
һ˱ĹЦ 
ֹϯҡľ 죬 ǧǧļͥһ һ ʹꡣЩ ĥѣһЦ ɢ
죬µһ졣
һ ҵϰףϳԲͰˮ󼦵硢϶ǳء̵˵һͷ һأôͿԻһ궼أ˹¡ľ̵һ ˵ʱ򣬾ȵ°ͶҪ֪ ϵͽںŪ 
 ô˵ľҴһһ춼ǳصģҪϴĸɸɾĲմȡҪϴ
Խ֮ǰľ̺ǰϴûϴྫôϴϵ۵ģŷ֣취 Ǻܶģ磬ľҳ İ취͵ȫ ιĿƤ߸۰һ飬ͶȻ ̵ˮһϴ͸ɾˡͣ ͬİ취Ƥѹһϴ ܲһӪһҲ˷ѡ
˵ ͳԶˡ
 ҪݣľڱΨһйϵľϯңϯҪţһ׼ûһãһ⣬ Լը͹ ӡӵСԡ
ʮңϯŶţһЦ Žӹ к ݿʱദľҶϯҲϤˣûİУ˵ͣľҲû ˴
ľк  ϯԾİһ ľԱߡľ̵ݸ  һѰõĿ ȵġ
Ȼٳԣ˻Ż࣬ڳԻ ġ
ȵģϯ῾ ҲůůġȻˣ һιһѷ¯˿ͭӣ˿Ļ ˣõĻȫߣڿĸ ľ̰һѡ
ľԻʱһɨ ˿Ļûˣľǰ浹Ƕĺܡ֣㿴 
ľһ óôˣ
ô໨ Բ緹ˡ
ľ̺ߺߣԸ⡣
һֱӰľǰĵӶ˹ ָ ľ衢 ˣ һ ʲôëԻ ռš
ľһ㿪ߣϯ߼档ϯῳ˲ע⣬СԴ
緹ϯһֱľҴ ӲŻؼңĸصľ ߵſڣ ȵȣ͵͵ȥԺһ ̳ӳݵ С˵ҵ֪Ҫ˵©ˡ
ϯЦ ˣСѾͷ ôôɰ
ϯΰľ̹ţŸ裬ݡ
 ˴ڣʱ͹ úܿˣԪڹ ˣ͵ѧʱ䡣
һȥѧУУţ  ȥ˳ӿЩ ϵ²ŲϵЦ ȴõ̫ҲԾıȾ
ҵӢϵѧ ʦæ   ָǰָʾƣľ̸ָʾҵҡ¥ȥʱѾ ˣľռұһŴ
ãľ̰ɣǳ̴˵һ ̷Ĺǿоʮˡ
ãáľ̿һ ϵ飬д֡
һ ӦӦͲ࣬еֽ޻
ҵүүְ̡衢  硣ľ̸ ǽһˡ
һæӶ  һץһѴãЦ ŵԺǶͬѧһչˡ
̴ͻ޻Ц Žӹ ãһ ѻ 治һ㣬ϸ ѧȫҶ͡




73.   73 º۲

һľֽ, ûһľ̵ĵĴ ̺ˣ̻ɴʸΧи ۣһһЩϴƷ鱾ʳɶȫŽȥ , , Կ׸š
һ ϴŵˮͰһ ϴ´衢Ь¡һ, ΰʲһ, ϴɾ ľóһƵĻ˪, һֲһ顣
, ľľһһ ˮ , 档
 æ,   ȳȥ ˡһ  Ѵк, һˡ
޻һ , Ҳ̫躢Ӱɡ
Ҳ˼Ǹ ̴ľµ  ůˮȡ
̽㣬 һȥ ʳóԷ, 쿪ѧ Ķ ȥ ˵ˡ
̴ҡͷ, ȥ Է, ҵȻȥ 
Уˡ޻ŷг ˡ
̴ѳķó滹а ͷ ˮȥ Ŀ顣
̿ѧ ȥ һٺõİɡľ 
ɶõģ ɶõģӪһļǮҶ ȥ һˣؼǻóԣŶûҡľһ²ۡ
ľ費˵ˡ
 ؼҳԣ ҲԶ
, У߰߰ɡ
ľľҪ󣬡 ·ȥ һֻѼԡ
УԾ 򡣡ľ̶ŮӦ
ľ͵͵ľһ ĴָԿѼ
ˡϯܹ
һ 첻Ҳѧ⺢ӣܹɶ ô ˣŪզأ
ϯῴӰóһ Žѧһ죬һ¡
 ãľù ôŪ

 һ˺գ˰ һ°ɡ
С
ľһ ͬ ѧ˵ 䣬˼Ҹɴĵͷ
һڴѧ  վãϯվḻ̌˫ְļպѸɿ֣װʲ ôû һŤͷպÿװûһ㣬ͷľʲ ô
ľ̿ѧ죬ľľ衢컪ֵȥ  ľʲ ôʱȥ   ˣĻˡ
һ ĩľ뿪  ͶϯҲˡ緽ľ̵֣Ͻ㣬׼°õʱ һˣȥ ȥ 
 ľƮԶˣ̾  ҵݲ֪ ڲڣ֮ǰҪȥ ġ
ʱ ϵ
ľ̵ͷ
ͼ 𳵣ľӿԽԽԶĹŮһᣬǵԽԽǿҡ
ȥ ϯһľ̵֡
ľľ̵컯յģɶء
ЦϯεĿ
ңҿɲܵ Ĺ˾ߣȥ ˡ
ϯľ̻ѧУ¥ ѡ
ḷ̌󣿡̧ɨһۡ
ľûԳ̴ͻ޻˵δ򡣡
һ Ƭӣʲ ôˣδϵĳƺ
ʲ ôˣΪԼǻƴӣôϣǰ¾ް
㡪
ȥ ɣĩ㡣ϯ῵ͷתˡ
ĿϯˣľɫΪǱ˾ ж Ƶģ һӼһ ĵطʲ ô˵ġ
㡪
ľ̴ֱֱ߹ȥ  ¥
ߣ һ ɽӣҿ л ֱ֪ν
ѧͷ ̸ᣬҽܣľ̾ ˵ϼ һ ɽ  е㿴 Ͼ̴֪࣬Ҳǳ磬޻ҲǸ СسǣȻе㿴 ǿҲˡ
 ľȴ õģȥ ʳóԷľ̴ֻѡɫӲ۸ Ҳֻ  ůˮﻹкö ö Щû̫󣬶ľ̾ ˳ۣ ͷ̶
̴ͻ޻Ϻ˵ӣ ͷȰţûʲ ôã  ˳ܵƵԽԽߡ
ĸ ˶һ רҵ˿  ʦȽ̷ ѧϰúо ѡӢרҵ˶һ ģûѧûгںĸ߽жԻϰҷ  иָ⡣ľʦӢ Ҳ̫׼
λŮͬ ѧվһһΡ
ľ̸ոֹͱһ»޻޻СһΡ
ľ鱾ҵΣһӢѿ ضúܺáľ̶Σʦûкͣһ£ֶĶΣ ôһƪ¶ˡ
ѻȸ
ʦ
ʦӦ£λͬ ѧķǳã¡
 ղ˵Ķˡ
ԣ˵λͬ ѧķ λͬ ѧʲ ô֣
ľ̡
ľͬ ѧӢǸ˭ѧģ
ȻӢʦѧġ
ҵ˼ķ Ӣʽ ɣ㷢 Ӣˮƽ൱ĸ ʦѧģ
Ӣ·ŵ ӵһ Ӣʦʦģȥ Ӣѧ
ְǲǽʦ
ľ̵ͷ
ѹ֡ʦԴ˵ʦʦҲ ӢѧεʦԺ ϣԺ ľͬ ѧѧϰӢ﷢ 
¿κ󣬻޻ḷ̣̌û뵽Ӣô
̴Ҳһ Цݣȴܽǡʮһˣò׿ѧȴСʮСѹǣÿùҹľ̳ ֮ רҵ飬ÿ춼ͼҿ 鿴
Զ ڻۺϰ Ŭһʱġ
ԣûܵ϶ ŬĲ̴սȭͷЦŶľ˵лл㡣
ľһ£ÿ
һûΣصңľóҩءоż Ůͬ ѧ ľ ѧԣʱҵĴС㣬 ûĺö 
ľ̵   ͸Ĳƿ ĸҫ۵Ľɫľ̲Ķ ƵģװƷƿӣӴҳ
˶ľ ĹӣСֹ  Ǯ
̴һ˵ũġ
˦̴֣ѵ ǣ㿴Եõģһˣ˵ ΪӱܡŪһ ũļƤأ ȥ ٱԡ
ľվľﳤоݿɲ飬ҹʲ ô£ٱΪ/Ĵˣ ãҲҪȥ ٱѧʲ ôܽһ첻úѧϰۺ˼ұãֱ˷ѹԴڲ㣬ҹȥ ߣҲ
ľҾ ô ӣ Զĵط䳰ȷģֱ̫ˡ
һ˱ľסҵҽ ˳ȥ ҵšȥ  Ĺ 
ˣ徻ˡľ̶ ʼ磬¼ѧϰ
̴ͻ޻ҲĬĬѧϰ
 ʱѧԺ  ʦľ̡
ľΪ ˣû뵽Ҿٱ֣
ʦ ãҪٱ˷ѹԴѧУúѧϰ찮Ľټͬ ѧ˾ Ʒ⣬ҾѧУҪؿһ¡
  ʦӵٱѧҰʱСļӣ۸ͬ ѧô⻹ַٱ
˵ʲ ô֤ݣ
֤ݺ԰ҵѣΧҵͬ ѧ˭֪ ĽʺޣĽѧϰãҵҺãұȲ ң
˵֤ݣҵʦٱ֤𣿡
ٱ ٱ㽲ʲ ô֤ݣ
  ʦһˣôһ˭پٱ˭亦һĿȻ
ľ̿  ʦҲ˵ʦ Ҽ ͬ ѧʾ ֪ ʵסȥ ˣû
һ Ůʦο ǲʲ ôᣬٽͿ˾ ˡ
ûᣬ ʱСļӡ
ľЦ ȷʵûᣬ ǶĽʺޡ
 ʲ ô취
ľ֣̾Уһؼס
ѧУ涨 һסУҡʦһϣũ廧 ȥ ҲҪⷿס̫ˣСҼҵҲȫԡ
ллʦĹģһ׷ӣ ѧУԶһؼס

 ѧУ ϱߵƬĺԺ
һĺԺ
ľ̵ͷ
  ʦ  Ҫȥ һ£ͷ ˵
 ѧԺʦʦʶҰ裬  ֪  ҵ ľʵȥ סø۲ÿbattle
У ϢΪ ʦ һ䣬ǳˣ¶ һ롣
  ʦߺоʦǻǶ˵ģ Ҳסˤ ȥ 
̴޻ȵĿһĺԺ
ľ̵ͷӦúܿ ȥ ˣʱ Ҽ档
á޻Ͻͷ
̴ȻʧЦź˼Ҿû뵽һûȥ ˼Ҿ Ѿյˡ




74.   74 °


ʦܸ
ڶͬͬѧ˽⵽˲ǵһηͻ, סһ𻹲֪淢ʲô£Ÿ  ǻһҰɣڶסˣ㡣
һʦɴʦľ̵, ʵ ڲоǸŮͬѧ߶ʦʱܾ, ΪľҵǸ﷢ʲôˡ
ľ̵ļͥ
,  ŮǱֵĲʰ, ʱҲûҸ ǻ, ľͬѧ߶, ǻڿǡһʦ˵ 
ԭ顣ʦЦЦ, Ѿͷȷʵ ܳԿӡ
ҽǻ߶, ѧУȷʵ׷, ߶Ҳ 㡣
ǾӰѧϰѧϵǰ 
ʦЦŵ, ʵ ˵ɣѾͷӢҶӸ ɵ, ѧԵ֣һȺӢѧõġҸ˵, ˵Ӣרҵˮƽ, ϵʦûܸɵĹ 
ʦȵһһлڰɡ˵ˣӢϵм ûлġ
ʦһֱ⻰Զˣ˵ص㣬˵߶ֵ֧ġҵ һڿΣˡ
õģʦʦˡ
ʦæȥ , ʦص칫ңľ߶
ľյϢֱˬ̫ˣڲһʮĸСʱ˴һˡ
ſʼסУʱû̫дסУܲˣһγŵ Ƚ˽ʱͲ࣬صһм ѣû˽ܿռʲô㡣
һҲǵóԸˡ
ľ̶û֪ͨᶫֱӽϼ ͬѧĶʰãͰѶؼ
˼ſڣľ̴ţҼˡ
޻Ǵ۽磬ۣ̣Һôµģ
ٰ ٹ һ¾Ͳũ廧ˣתڵڰ졣
ľ̰ˮЩƷȫڳЩһշȷš
Ǳߣǳٻȥɡľ̳ǳԷ
˶һۣǾͲˡ
ҵг̴޻ѣа೤
ϢϢȥ
̴վҰɡ
޻Ҳ˼ųԷæվһ֣һ㡣
ƿţ˳򿪴͸ľŤͷǣʲô
û˵ȫųһ⡢㳦Źǡ
 Ƿɣûвˡ
޻Ҳԣ˲ ֣ô
һ˭ջҪźóԡ
̴վһᡣô꣬Ҫջ𶼲ᣬͶˡ
ǳ̽һ»ڴ
ľһ㳦ֱڴȥˮ ǿʼգгƬáϴˮ׻ʣһӲоʼʣ°׷ÿӴ£ٰкõ⡢㳦׷ϣ ǡ
ŲˣĻҸһ̿׷ ʮӾˡ
̴ֽһʣ̿ʮӺ󣬽ҿǣһںĴζ׷ζ׷ 滹ճ֬֬Ĺ⡣
̲ס 嶯̿ˮ
ľĸô׷׷½ƵĹˡ
ߣǳԷ
 ÿһ˫ӣŷ뵽ݡղŽݵʱȼ¯Ѿˣĸӱһ̻ʣԵ㡣ľ̰˹һ˰
þûгԹ ôʵ ڵˣ
޻ͷҲ ǣ
̴ϾͱǴʮ ꣬ǿȵסľҲ֪ʲô·ƾƱ ڼһⶼǺӵ£ľҳŵһ ʮɡ
̴׵£޻γסǴˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵޻ľǼôģֱ̫óˡ
ɫ˲ȫľͬѧţһллǰҡ
ţľ̽Ųһת˲صԺңԼˤ ˣ
ľ˳ְëëӿռ
ëëĴ˿¼ң
Ҳ ¼ҡҪҪȥ䣬ֻ
Ұг
˭
СҸ ȡ֣ɰɣëëٺЦһè˲һԲӡ
һ⸽Ũӣˣʱǻᱻϵġ󷨺һ㣬Բһй󷨣ǿ԰ ŪҲǰٷְٱա
ëëҲ ǲµèèаɣȥȥ ˵
èèԺﵽܣǰԺֻһͺͺûʲôÿԺҲࡣľ׼ŪһЩͻӣҪȻԺ￴Źͺͺġèèҵﻹŵõζëëĺܣǿռɡ
ľ̵ͷȷʵǿռ
 һ٣Һԡëëë׵βͲ
У㳤ÿɰ˵Ķԡ
ľջëëһ٣ëëԵߵĺӶճ ͡
аɣѲӵ˽ع

ѴɽޱڹľһĲ˿ڴ ڱźİš
ÿĿλҪ ģ ûúϴѧʹԽˣһֱһ´ѧĽҩ͵ҩҩҲҪسҲܷɣ˵ڵΪѾˣ˵׼ʲôԵܷҲ ˵
ûȻУסڳʱרѧϰͺˣȥɽ˯ˡ
Һľÿ챼æѧУͼ о䷽ ʱеɽн
æʱˮһ ܿ쵽ĩľ̲ŵĸϰ׼ԡһãͳ̴޻һкˡ
˿ľ̵ıӰ޻һĺæ ξżͼݿ
Ҳ ǣÿοûڿרҵ飬ҽѧѧ飬㲻̴̾
˵Ҫؼ𣿡
̴ͼƻˣҪؼңҶӻ£ûˡ
̴֪࣬͵˽˻飬һĶӡѶӴæţҲ иõѧϰϱͬ⡣سǶˣһҲûлع ҡ
ûѶӽӵѧУԱиСѧҲ Զһ꼶˰ɡ
벻ְ֣ҵĲҲ ˡ̴ɷ鲻γûһ˶ǡ
޻̾ż㿴СԽԽ࣬ҪýҲһ˶һˡ
̴ȷʵ ˾ 廧û˵
ľ̻صңľľ衢컪ĸѾˡ
̣㶫ʰûУ
 ʰˣߡ
ľȥð ţȥվ
Լýϼҡ յţһȥһϷڸϻϼһϡ





75.   75 Ϻ֮


Ʊϳ, һᣬøḷ̌ľ˯̣õĶڴ·š
ϼûиϯ˵ľ¡
˵, ˵һȥ, Ҳû, ٻҪȥӡ
ڴ, ˫ֵں, ̾, ҵһ㲻, һ쵽æú, ɶ¶ﲻ æ
ľ̹˵, ѵ õĵطǮһ, ô
컪ɴۣû뵽Сá
Ʋһ, ϯ῵Ǯ
УС, Ҹԣĳ̶޷, һõǮ
㻹˵ӣ㶼ûǮ˵ɶǮ㻨
˵Ǯ һ뵽ǼãСһڱзسǵķӣһˣֳˡ
ľٺһЦզô벻 Ҫ˵Ǯ, ҶȲ »һ׷ӡ
һϻ𳵾ǳ˯˯˳ԣ󣬼˵سǻվ̫ȣһζ
ȻسǼҵһ¾ϴ裬ϴž˻˹
ľľȥҳԷľýǰ͵ˡ
ľʣ磬ȥ ȥϺ
ľҨһȻҪȥȹ˾ûʱˣã٣ʯͷȥһˡ
Ǽǲȫҳ
ľͷ廹˵պͲ Ӹɲˣôѡһ
Ϊɶˣ
˵ʹˣܲô ҿǣϾǴѧҵ󶼲ɽӡ
۵Ҳ룿
ţϴε˵Ҫ⡣
ľ̵ɴۣ۵ô뷨
㻹ǵϺ𣿡
ľ̵Ȼǵá
ϺʡǱߣ׬Ǯأ۵Ķˡ
Ҳͦãгſһº˻ࡣͶӡϳԿ࣬ ȥġȥϷͶҲȥ 濴ɡ
ľͷͻȻЦﻹ˵ԺǮͻŵĻ͵˯֮Ū
һϵĹ˵ֻЦ
ڶ죬ɽӡ
ûɽľ̾СĹֽ
̽㣬߿һ㰡һСվڴں
ľһ̵ɽСĶ䣬ͻڴں ɽҡ
СٺЦ
ľóãҰ 񽻸㣬ÿСţʣµĶġ
лл̽㣡
һȺСЦۣǾˡ
ȥ
̻ˣ
̣һˡ
ľﱧ׳׳׳׳ǻؼң̶̫ûпǣߣ
׳׳ĹЦľϻȥ棡
ں溰һ㣡
ûľ̾ôá
ЪЪﻹڵүүҲæȥˡľŤһʪӸ
ľ̺ЦĿľһۣҪ ҪԸӡ
 ãأӣľүһľүүϡӴ׳׳С̫ˣˡ
û
һ˻ˣľһҲˡ
ʲôʱľĺܣǰȥһ˱ǳ˼ʶˣι˵ҪȥϺһӦ
ڶŮϢӶˣûʲôòĵģÿӹ̹ǰسТĵﶼͼһֺǡ
ɣӡȥƱȥأܸա
ľӵͷ
Ƕүүϸ¾ͻϺˣǰţ˵ǼҵķѾˡ
ľӸпһ䣬ԽԽˡ
ǼϺûϷӡ
ľ̻䣬ϷУһ߼ʮ꣬ӹ粻ˡ
û¶ҪϲҳǮޡ
ľЦԣǼ̾
ڶľӽƱһ죬һ˱ ȥسǸϻ𳵡
سǳȥȥϺһԶ֮ǰľ̼װȥһɽϣһ¨ˮ̫࣬һһЩ ŵ㽶ˮĹһЩҡľûˮðˮ
ľ̡ľүүãһ·Ϻû岻 
ȥĶ
⼸ʮϺȻ仯 Ǻܴ󣬵Ͼʱô꣬ ǵˡľϱϺľ̵У֪լڼζ ϶ҪҸطš
𼱣㶭үүǡ
һˣ˵סҡľųķӶСĺܣ˶ס£ɴöǵһдš
ڴߣľ̾ϢôˣҶǵˣΧ˶˵Ϻ˵Ų  ڣľ̲һº۽ǡ
ľ̰οϲϺǾסһʱ䣬 ȥС
ľӡľҲϽοȥȥԣĺƽꡢϾ·Ƕȥ
ľЦˣû¶ˣˣǰ̾
һϴһ󣬵˶ңľû뵽ǰôǮȻסС¥
ſڵǡεˡ
ľ߹ȥס֣ϺҶʶˡ
̹ЦҲŻҲ ʶˣڻһЩַڣžˡ
ڶҳ˷żȥլϢ˵
ľϺһʱ䣬 £һ¡ֻĻ˶࣬סдͺܲ 㡣
ǼҾˣղҾ˵ɴסǼңƫƫϴƴǡ
Ҳ ֪ҷж¸鷳
ԹĿ˶һۣ͹ͷû˵
  ǵȻͰסɣһġ
ľӹЦãͶлˡ
ǽˣľһҾͰᵽҡסһ¥ס¥ľ̺ľӢסһ
ľ̡ľӢӳɢʳԱ߳һʮˣš
үүһûסˣ
ǼңǼûˡ
ľ̰ľ£ô˵
ǼҰֵ׵ʱһӳһĶӣ˶۽ȥˡȥǼҶӿϴѧ˻ˣȴûˡ
ҺӢӽղɢſһʮš
ǿܾҵĶӣżɨһ£ ס
үүܰ𣿡
Ǯ򣿡ϯ˵ѾͷǮȫ򱱾ǸĺԺˡ
ľ̺ٺЦүүС˰ɣһֹ򣬻Ǯ
 Ұʡ˼ĿԺܴ
ľľ̵֣õǮѹ׻в  
ǮҲòɡ
ľһҭǮڸ۳ǵУǵüȥģȥ۳ǻе鷳
ڶȥǼˣ߳ҪǱȷʵˣҪҲ ̫ף˼죬ҽǮ˷ľһͿռҵף͵͵ҩǮȫˣֻʣһٿǮ
׷ľдľүүľ̵֣ǸһοصʾҲ֮ء
⼸죬ľȥζ  ҵլͱǵˣʣǽǶšҵ˸мԶףĺԶѪľȻϴѧȥһΣİ軹ܵϼҡ
ľϢһŻһ׷ӣҲһ㰲ο
ľ˷ӣľӡľץʱѷһ£ҾߣһЩƷºľһϲϲᵽ˶ҵĸڡ
ﰲľӡľ׼ȥгһᣬÿ ܡľżֵܣϺ¥ġʥɪáȵطй䡣
̫ȣľ̲ żɶģϣȥһʱֲ Ծоһһ·βľ̲ һؼң߽Ϻĺ췿˹ݡ




76.   76 ׹ƴ


һ ŵλ, Ѹٵһţš
һɫɽװֱ߽ ľ̵Ķ  һͺȥϴּ䡣
ľ̺ëë˵ ֵ, оһɺ, ëˡ
֪ 置𣿡
˵ģоҪһ, Ӯ𣿡ľһ߶Ų ķ , һߺ ëë
սϣ󡣡ëë,  ռ䶶ȵĸо
 ҳ ,  ͳӮȻ ǸϽܡ
𼱡ëëϽס, ˰, һûе֪ ֪ 
ɶ
, 㶼˰, ֱѹשͷ 
Ŷ,   ȵȣҪʲô
ţšԱϲˡ
ľ𵶲, һ ɨ ţ, о ȥţ Ť ͵̧ͷ  泯Ц
ľһվˣ
ľѹһģҪɫ
ٶһ·ǽȥƲˣͷ, 
ľҸʲôҸӴ٣Ҵˡ
˹ЦûҴˣҵľ㣬Ȼ Ҳ֪ ʲôܣһѪܿҼҹƳˣ ԣã
˴һľ̿һƬĳӳɹ 
öģ
ëëţ ʲôųҧ㣿Ǵ
ľŵĵ ״ǰ ȥһƬ˲䱻ɷɻҡ
ɶû뵽Сˣ 
ľ̲Ҹ Ļᣬ˹ ȥֱӰ̵ˤ أľӭϣóһڵľסҪ
˵˭ģ
һҲ£Цû뵽Ȼ Ļ޵ߣ ӮңҲңҪȻ  ҵ ڣļ 
в
ëëô죿
ô죬ǹ⣬ʲô
̫ðɣһŮġ
 
ǰǹɡ
ľ̵סľһŤϵķѳȥӻ¡
ң
ϷɳӣȫǷĳ档öģ
˵ΪʲôץҡľһŲ Ĳϡ˺ѣң Ͽ㣬ооѪϺõϡ
Ū 
ɱˣ
ľĬˣߵӣ һŹ ˳ˣɣҿһδһΣ
˶ݺݵĵһ Ĺӣܿʧ С
ûˣľ̷ųһ ۡ
ʦ˵ϡʺô˿ó
дƫҲ޵Ҹղ Ծ׹ɵģ˼деģóһǰʲô֡
ܾò̫ȫ
  ȥ֪ ֪ 
ľĺܣǰȥ
ۣ˲ƻصңȥ۳ǷʵʦӢã롣
ֻľ̡ľүүһ ңʦŲʲôΣգǮƱţľ̲֪ 
ľ̶㿪˵ߣһ·ܣǿʶľҵ ˡ
β ɽﴩ˰£ϣ 󣬵置ѡ
   ҫ ⴩ Ҷķ϶ ּ䣬ϲ¹ ꣬ϳʪúܣľ̲ɳɽϷȥ һС丽һôϡ
⼸ ۲죬ɽСׯˣһļܣɱ  λͦߣǴ峤Ĵӡ
У Ҫʲô峤Ŀˡ
˼æֻҪץǾ կͷ˭ҲԽ ǣ
磬˵Ķ  һʱ̵ʱկסȥˣڱסҪ
ʲôˣ
ǰ һԽߴ·Ǵˣһӹ һ˵֮
˻ȡɡ
ˣһΪģ㵱˼ɵģǵǵ𣿶ʮ˵ģ¶  ӣҪ˼ҷһ  ˣ
ŵɿֵܺ ׶ żǨӵɽµ顣
ľˣ뿪ׯ
϶ҩģˣľ λɼһЩ һҪɼߡ 顢顢ѩ ռ䶼ҪֵѪߡ
ɽˣ˳ְëëų˲ɽּ䴫һҼèɽּ
Ͳ ϰҷųϴ У ϣˤ ң
æǣϲʪĺôŪëë ϶á
 Χ棬ȥҩȥ˵һһСͷϷ¡
ϲвҩ⣬ӽӣû߳ʮһֱ תתҩġ
̣ߡ
Ķأ
ľ̸æܹ ȥüһ治СڣϽڡ
߹ · ܴ ̫ˣرҰġ
ںߣֵռ棬ļ̌վϵĺԶ ëëǰ һƬôͺͺġ
ҿëë´ܵڵĶˡ
ǰˣſ ëëϴ
ǿߵ߾ˣߣǻط ľ̲ͷߡһһèû߳һף ܼǹľһԾ̧ ȥ սʮӺ󣬶 ˳ˣ߲ˡ
ܳѪˣӳҩ
һͷϴһȦҶܹ ȥ𼱣ȰǹӶٳ
̫ˣҩ˵ƺһ
ʵǹӶٳ ﵱ
Ҿơ
һһӣʪ˼⵶ Ĵˣգ ǹӶͱٳϱ
ľվ ϣֻ˵ĵˣһͷ亹촽 Ц˵ãֹѪҩûꡣ
ϯҲ˵ͦõģһˡ
ľϳ ˳һź ϯῼƵرǸղɫ 
˭
Ѹٵľǹ ľ̵ķ 
ľ̺ݺݵĸëëƨһƣ֪ ¶
˭  
ľ̴ɺӻ֣ε¶һͷǺá
йˣ˷
ôȥղֱϵģ Ŀ֮ȥ
ľ׳ڵǵߣëëռ䣬ľ̴ӱ ǵķ ϯ߹ ľѾվ ˣϻһСҩһһ󱳰
ϯ̽Žḷ̌
ľ̵ͷϯɰɣ
ôϳˣ
ϯɷǹЦ˵ϯϴμŸʱա
㲻 ôܵˡ
ľ ˵ϹϴϯῴֹѪҩѪˣպʱ䣬Ҿҩˣ֪ ôߵط ˡһŵϵıװȫҩġ
ԭ Сҽղ˵ˣսѼţŹ 
ľ̵ͷ˵ֹѪҩߵĻ ҡ
ϯתͷ ˵ϻˣȻӪأǵĶˡ
ľŤͷһȺҶ˵˸ղǽսĵط λſ¡
Ҳһȥϯɿһ ḷ֪̌ Ϊʲôľ̴ ￴һֻĸо




77.   77 ²ˮţɡ

Сʱ Ӫ, ˵  ͵սҽԺϯȥ  Ӫ
Сҽ ߡ
 һ·ľһֱ, ҶŰ ö 
 Ƕӳ , Ƚȥ
ľ߽ȥ, ǰһ , ϯῡ
ô  , 㲻ȥ۳𣿡
ľ̾, ѵ 汻, Ҳǹ 
  ۳ǻ,  ΰ
ϯ , ˵Ϲ ˵ һֶš
ľŰƭϯɵ ˵һ, ϯҧ Ѿͷô ô, ߾ ôΣգ ʲô֪, ҵǹƥ ܵ ,  һ٣̫ˡ
ľգ۾ȵ  ֣ Ϊҩģ
ϯתͷ 
ľҡҡ ֣´ 
ѽϯй Ѿͷû취
 γ֪ȱҩģ  Ͼҩĵ , õðգ
ľץס©Ҳûи ˵ȥˣҲд һһƽˣ Ҳ ˣ
ϯ̾ Ѿͷ ٣֪̾˵ʲôáԺҪ һ㡣
˵ûУ˵ ˣ
ϯƿӣľ̻ܵܵ ֡
Ӵ һղ𣿡
ܵ𣿡ľƲһۣЦϯῡ
ϯɿ ᣬһһ ζ
벻Ҫҩˣ
룬룬  ԣλ硢㣬 һ㣡С ˡ
Ǿɣ
ֵһ±߾ ľ ţϯῺ᲻ ȻеСͻ ǵ ϰһδսѧʷζмص һս
ϯľ̵   ȥס޵ طפܽ һС
ס޵ طϯ¿һ  Ҫˮϴһ£ȻԷϯľ ͷ
ţûܵϷŵ ˮ˿ռ  һˮ裬ͷһСʱ Ż··ֱӽˮͰ š
ûһ
߰ɣȥԷ
ʲôѽ
ߡ
 ߵ  ϲߣ  ͦԵ 룬ССڵ 
Ȼ 绰ϴθ 绰˵һֱûϵǡ
⣬ ˣһˡ
  ɫ֪ Ѿͷܽɽ ʲôǵˡ
һҪæ˵պõ ҩҩ˻ر  ٺò ȻԸæ 
ľ̵ͷرǿǸʿ˵ 龰ܰﵽ ǻǺԸ 
ϣϺ Ҵ˵绰ȥڽľҵ  ľ۶գ ѣ˵ رˡһ  £ȥ ôö֪ϵһ¼ ľ̿ſǽϵ 绰 ϯΰС ŻӦ˺һŹҵ绰
ˡ
š
ã
ľۿô˵  һ  ̬𣿡
ϯ߹ һס һֶֻ  ͷһ࣬󶼳 ˣ
 ţľߵ
ڶ죬ϯῴ һ ҩĵ  ľǰ˵  Ҫ ҩģ  ϯ æһҩģæɸѡĥȵȣҩ  ֲ󣬰е ҩĶ ֹѪۡ
ľ̻һ䣬ɶûߣϯΏرˡõ 죬ϯɴСӵ  Ѱҩȫߡ
̣þò
һٻ޻˵ һḷ̴̌վԱ΢Ц
̽þò
þò
 ȥ̣ ˵̽ Ӻùԣཱུ Сһ
ľ̾ȵ̽ˣ
̴ͷ ӣ  Ҳˡ
ٻص£û ܣ쵽ܡ   ӲУܺõ ԺгϢһҧɴһ ȥ  Ҳ¶ȥ 廧ˡ
סĶ
ѧУԱߵ Ժ һ סš
УʲôҪ æ ֱ˵ܰ ϵ  û  ̴֪Ǹзִ  Ÿ˵ ± ϡ
̴Ц ģ̡޻ллǡ
˽ңһڿξӢѧΣר־  ʦΣϾˡ
ѧ£ϯڵ ҪȥϷ߾ߣľ ׼ó׼õ  ȥϯңһʽݣһǸϯɵ ӹ ݹȥ   û˵ϽоԱѶ ͵ϯ 
Ӳܼѻ˳죬һһյ ܿȥһ캮䣬 ʪ  ʲôţɡ
û ţ⣬õ ǿռ ɢ ţ⣬һǧɱţ⾻а˰ٶ׼ϣʼ
ţǺ⣬ѡ 㡢ǡʳΡƾƻƼȫǿռ Ʒţ  ˮõ ռ  Ȫˮ
ȸĵг Сһ¹̳ĩţ̳˸ɡٰ ţг ĴָС ״¹ϰ һЩҩĽȥ󣬰˳ڿ¯ϵ ˿ɡ
 翪ʼ һʱ Ѿˣźɵ ţɵ ζԺ ƮɢȻɢͬ·  ̲סӣ㰡
ɵ ʱ һţ⣬ţˢ˱һۣ֥飬  ֿζ ˡ˰ٶţ⣬ ţֻвİٽ
 ÿһֿζ˶ʮʣµ ڶȫ͵ϯҡ
ӭʲôóԵ 
ţɣ鷳ϯȥţɰ һԳԣ ζ Ƿ۵ ֥ ࣬ҧţ ͣϵ ϵ ζһ㵭 ζ
úóԣһ۾ˡ
ʲôúóԣϯ»ϯ ¥
ţɣ һԽ 
ϯ»ԱСȥ һװţ⡣
ȻҲ˽أľе㲻˼֣ Ҫ͵ ϸϯ῵ 
 ô࣬  ͷӻܶԽ 
Աһ裬ϯ»ֱӵһ
 ͷ˵㻰 һͰѴӷסԱţߡľ룬ٶأˡ
궫 ľ̳ţص  һСȫζҳԵ 
ãԭٳһڣ ûϷˡ
 ʣµ ţ⣬ һһֳ ͸̴ͻ޻ʣµ  ׼ʱ ͻؼ 
˵͵ϯ  ţɣ ϯ  ʱ ѾǴˡϯῡϯСӼʮ ΧżϯΪǿ򿪳һ£ÿζһ ȫ 
µ ÿһͱˡָӹٴ   һڣһҲ ָʾԱҪ
ϯΣȥ ²ˣֻҪֵʵϹϵ ˣȴҶˣ һʣʮﲻ
ö ҪŽ ŷģϯῴ µ  ﲹƣϯһţɣȾƣҲһꡣ
 ҹ ḷ̌ ǣϷ սһֱĵ֪ʲôʱ  ֻǵϰ֪꣬ʱ  





78.   78  Է


ɽӹ, ľӡľӸľүүľȥ ϷССֵȥ⡣֣ľжΣͷɽӵĴӳ, سµĻơ
쿴ֽ, 쿴ֽ
»Ϣ
ʮ, ѧż칦, һ, ̫ɹӵʱ, ¥ºöűֽ, 
ȥô£
ḻ̌, ޻Ⱥۼĵطܹȥ, ȻԶ, ľ̻˵Ϣ»緢, ϱ߾սʼˣ
ؼҷ¶ľȥϯ, ϯү, ϯ򸾺ϯڼҡ
ôˣ緹ûУ
ûأ
ΪҵĵĳԲ  ˯žһ˵ɫ֣Ҷôľˣеġ
ľЦҾһԶٷ
ǹġ˵, ȥ
ģҲСԺģɹůġϯүԺο˱ֽԱ
Ѿͷϯ»֡
ľ߹ȥԱһʣ ˵
ҰѰͷܻܲһꡣ
ľЦˣһһְκľ̾˿һǲУʮ껹Ǻϣġ
ϯ»Цʮ㡣
ҲܻʮţЩ˼ ҺãԽҪĳþõġүһӷ 
ľ̻ ֪үӴʲôգҲ ʡ
һôʦ˵ĩ꼶һ
ͱȤˣ˲ ֪϶֪ѧʮӢǳϱ ˼Цˡ
 þУڻҪ˵Ŷ
˷үȥԺɹ̫ϯүӹúоҽǹ֮屦
ܾϯүڰʾʲôûȥоҩѾյǿͱĵһбá
ȫ ĹУһ£ľÿ߶õսϢԱ˫ʵжԷ޶Ƶȵȡ
˶绰дŰοľȶĺܡеļʱ̣еĹ ͵˲һܿȹƽ
һ¶˺ϵϵû죬ֽ սʤϢУ԰һƬڣľϹ΢ЦŵҲ 
󣬶ϲЦտĵѧУȥԷ
̴޻ĿԶδŰɣôоһҪУ
̴ѿЩ˾ӮңȲ ãǿбȽҲֻǸԼҲʹ죬ôãδϲҲ ˵ȥʳóʲô
޻һҲҪţţûδŰҸǮҾԼ
ʱֵɣڵֻܳϡ̲ˡ
ϯɡϯֵƽʱ仹 ȷľ̺ͶŸؼҡԶԶſűͦɽװվǰ
˭
ľͬѧɣ´ģһ¶㡣
ľ̵ͷ˽ݣ ˱Ȳ衣´һ⹤ҪһЩӢǿѧæĳ ǰéؼǣĿϵǿģټ ´ʦ Ƽ롣
ٿǮװѣҪװʱȽϽ鷳㾡ŪáĻڼӽǾҪ
´ˣľ̵ڶȥϯңȻȥѧУ١ѧԺʦѾյϢ֧´Ĺϵһ˴ҳѧԺⲹһٿǮ
ʵҪ¶· ۵ı·װӣﶬĶСǵѾǴˣܿҪ졣
ѡ˺ɫװסɫɫгë£ѡ¡ڰɫ챡ë¡ ѡļϥװȹװȣ ƤƤЬרҵʣʺ񳡺ϲ ˡϷѾЩ·Ҳ ´
ûкʵ·һľңľʰһ·̾ѣû뵽δСϱЩö
Ǻˮɣ
ľ̵ͷ
ԭŸһЩѹ׵Ķû뵽öҲ ٣ȻҶϱ涫Ҳ Ķġ
ľЦˡ˵ߵʱǸ һСľϻӣװһ׺챦ʯΣʡľյռţõ ʱ
˳ӣľһëɫëسȹһɫıףںڵĳڼϣһԹ⻪̵ѩڷĵʸʡ
²һȺ˶ˡ´Σľ̸ˣ˾Ǹô硣
ʦ ЦСѾͷСͰ
ľЦ ɻͬеʿչƤ䡣һʮˣһŮԣһһһһ´ĹԱи£ʮꡣ
кľ̺һôһ ľ֪̫̫ʦ ʦӦúʦ档
;еƣԱӢһȥŵľƵ꣬ǶһδУںʷ϶ ĴУеС
ϢһڶθҿᣬڵĹҪǷһЩ̸Ҫϣľ̷ֵҳֽͷɣڵӢˮƽѾӽĸߣЩ϶˵ ѣҪд̫ۡ
̧ͷα Դಱӡ
ˣҿ
нˣķϣĬ䣬ϵݸΣˮƽ ŴţˣǸѧԵ˲š
Ĳ ˼ƤٺڳݵĴǰҲ˲סˡ
վΣҲˡ˫ְϵݸΡ
ηһ üͷ΢壬ͷҿˣȥ߶߶Ϣһ  绹Ĺ
߳ȥΰѸµϵݸʦ Уһ 
ŵǰ׼ϣܿ쵽Լ̸ʱ䣬һװһȥԼõĻҡ
ǵѾˣŵĻ̸һֱڽУżԷᵽµĹʷ û׼Щϣʦ µֱֳ룬һ  ɤӶˡ
һǣ ľ϶ϣһֱʱ侫УûʱţȻ̸һʱѾ ˡ
ΪԷҹͣȻܡʱʽ׿Ľţպܺг
С㣬ôõҹ һ𣿡
һŲװŴͷӢ˶߹
ʦ ںһñطУѽ̸ߵһľ΢ЦŶҡҡͷ
ӹ˵ľƱ˸ߵλãĽ̸
ĵôߺʦ 
ľ̲ ŵķһۣԼһʲô
ԼԼʲôʦ ׹ɫ졣
Ѿͷʲô˵óڡʦ Ƥ΢죬վŤͷˡ
ʦ ĶӵıӰľ̹Ц




79.   79 ӢڳԺ


춼ǸǿȵĹ, ľ̹ӲרҵܺӮκʹеĿޣͬеĴҲĹķڷ
ϣһڴ, еֻæܹ, , ʦԲˡ
μæվ, ǻŸʲôҽ
˲, Ҷһ, ҽ
Ŵ, Ҷվ
ʲô
ҽ, ̾, ȥ, ˣʱ, ûɶ⡣
һȥ䣬ûһ, ʦĹš
һˡ
ʦĴľȥղŵ, ɫ԰׵Ĵڴϣվκʹе֡

ľ̿һڵˣû顣
ðɡľ紲£Ҫ˵˲½Ҫúţۡ
˶һ, ʦġ
ʦ˫ֲҼǵҩӵİɣ
ô϶ֻܵͷҲóҲӢǻǸҽɡҪ˻ΪҪȡء
пţ
ʹӢѾô꣬Ȼǵҽй֮ҲȦˣֱˣûа취ʱһ£ڻܵ£ұɣҪȻҲԼԹҰ
ȻǲԼѡҲû˵ֱӻطһƿҩǿ޸ãǰһÿһţһܳһš
ʦĶһˮιҩ
ڶ죬̸ֳӢǱߵƣӵϢ˵ͷ첻ˣôһɫݹ
̸ҪУһ׶εĴǸһˣﶼһع컹һʱǡ
ҪȥʲôǮģѡĶҪȻ˴ﶼܴˡ
Ҫȥһѣ㲻ȥٵĵط󲿶ӡʦľ浨ӷʵСѾͷ
˵ɶľ̶ͷӦ⣬Ҫһȥ䡣
ڷͣط任·ѡһ˫ʵСƤЬӣŰųˡ
ĿȷȥӢİٻ꣬MulberryİBurberryףƷȵȣһһѣûãһЩռ
ȤһʱܿߡϦµʱѡһõϦķ꣬һţţһģյĥʱ⣬ɢؾƵꡣ
follow the car
·һУһ˵ͳŤͷһֲԾԲˣٵġ
űתÿ죬βܲϣļֱҪģӿǽһǹ죬ʧȥƣұ߳ȥһͷм䡣ľ̽ڰ
һ̶Ľɲˣǹܹȥӳһӣڵϴ򿪣ȥһʯϲɫϳҪߡ
ľ̳߳ţ˹ȥȥһ飬ǹӣתˡ
ĶˣϵĲյƵſڣʦĴסľһ䡣
ϵĴӵݹȥȥˣҵս
ʦҧ޲ôһ٣εİһѶݡͬеˣĶ졣
ľߺһͷһ˽ľ̼ʲôģôǮ㿴Ķ𣿶ƣ·Ǽҵ꣬ҽȥ
²мƲ죬ǼͥãҲǮֲԼģʲôҫġ
Ҫ˵ƾȱҵʱЩŲҪԺ϶ǰƽһĽ
ˣ´֪ܳĽء
ǣҲ
ľ̵˴ҵĹעȥʱ´ԶͻȻľŰᶫˮһ£˲׷ô£ľ̻ͷ£ºݺݵĵһۡ
ľ̸ʦʹɫʦĽӵź߹̣ǻȥʱϯӦõ˰ɣǲҪˣ
ڣҪˣκ档
û˵ȴ쳤˶䡣
ľ̴󷽵ԣͶˣ֮ǰûͣȥ겻ʮ𣬵δͿ֤ˡ
Զ̲סʣ˭
ʦЦſһ̵ۣĶǸųУҵģϷսӦҪˡ
˾Ȼų
ǸͷӰɣ
ľһЦұеϣʮ˰ɡ
ôᣡ
Զɫÿʦһͷͬˡ
ľ̻ǺһԶ·ʱãһЦ
֣֮
ɻأľӣʦᣬڰ˵á
˻һûϯ棬Աͣһճ䣬ľ̸˵ܹȥסϯһѰľ˫أСһţϯῲŲð¡
߹Ӵ̵Ķ󰡣
ϯɫãδ򡣡
ʦľ̵ˣ֪δ򡣸δ޵ӡ
αĹЦڵСʵ̫ˡ
ʹҸϯʻĳţϵðȫţƵ棬ϳţˡ
ľ̵δĸߴӢű˶һͶľЦݲָоһܽģĸо
ǰߣԶһҲϸ£û
ʲôʱģ
ϯ῵ƿط̣ľ̵֣ϸ¾ͻˡűǽĿ졣
ϯأ
ԭϾģүүҲõȥˡȴɨýβõĽ͸ְλõ֣źõ
ְ𣿡
ϯŤͷһۣͻСûô졣ƣҪְҪϯɵүү֮źöǼ̫ˣ
صľңᵽľ̴һӣóõֽӣһƤǸ̵ģֱǵġ˼һѹ׵Σ϶Ҫʾʾ
ϯ´ӹӣһ۷ϡ
ôˣļ̌ͷ
Ϊ˽ҵڶû緹
Ҳûԣǳȥԣʲô㣡
ģϯ῿С
ľ̵ͷвУ
죬ģͷ
ȥ¯ȥ档ϯȥһ͵ɳĴ̳棬˺װϰȫȥ
ԺóԵġ
ϯ῿һĶó档
¯һСˮ뿪ʱϰȥﹾ๾Ŀˣ˵ζɢĿһζ
ӣѹ˵ľŸղװǸ룬˫ӺһС׸ϡ
һѿӸϯΰ˴ķ֮һҨһʣµľġ
ϯ῿롣
Ҫʲô룬ֲһֱӾ͹ԣȻϴһ롣ֱ׳ĺܡ
ϯҲǷˣӣ˵Ժ˺ӣһڼһ᲻Ƽݵġ
ľһܣôᣬôԷǺڿģ






80.   80 ȥ֤


ľϢ, ߴûȥˣϯǶǲ
ദʱͦˣҲ, Ͽٳ, Ȼ, ϯҲ, Ժſڡ
ӻ, ټ
ϯῴ, ء
㲻һ, ҪϢˡľ, Լ˯ߵĿ
ϯΏǲ֡
㻹ʲôҪ˵
ʮˡ
أľ֪ʡ
ѡʱ, ȥ֤
ɶѡʱ, ȥ֤Ҳ̫ˣΪ㳤ĺÿҾͲ㡣
עһ, ϯʶˣľۼֿ, š顯һǰϡϯš
Ժ洫ľ̵, ֤ҵȥ
Ȼûˣϯôһ߸ŷɶû
ľԺŶھӣһͦϴүż϶Цڵü
ϯῲ˼վֱ壬һ, װӵĴ򿪳ţѶŵʻϡ
СӣȢŵġ
ϯתͷүʲộָ
үЦƲһۣİɣһǵģľĺܡүҽþָ䡣Ҫ˵ȢҽʱǽһҪɶûɶһܼȥɽֻҰף˲Ӧˡɶϥأд֤ģ˻ĺܣ㣬ûûУ˼ҹȥ֤
ϴүҿǴ
ϯĬˣҲԼղŵıֲ̫á
ллү֤ϲǡϯתͷϳؼҡ
֮ǰû뵽ЩΪʶôˣҶͨ䵽˾Ϳֱȥ֤û뵽Щ⣬ˡ
صңڼҿӣϯȥ裬ô׵ģ
ףŤͷӣ˲ᵽСӵ˼
ˣôҲˣСӣĺܡ
ϯһ£е˵ڣҲûʲôöģֱӾͰѸղŵ˵ˡ
֮ЦһҲûӣЦ껹һ£˼˵ĶԣǴ
裡ϯεĿֻӡ
ɤӣϾ׶ӣֵ̫֣氡⹫żףǽһģģһ˵СӳľȻ⹫һⱣ֤飬дʮдۼҵǮҵģۼе˵㡣
ڵĺ˿ˮҾͲ˵ˣصҪ˼кɼҵġ
ϯῶˣ׵
Ϊ˼Һ㶩˻һС֣ͽ֮״̬ǽһر˵ڻ˿ֻģҿǶԽĶûġ˵ڴ֮ǰҪ̺ˣҲźúڣ˰ɣ
ĵĽ̲ϵĶô飬ϯ῾ôһµĴҪú롣
ϯС˵СӻǸľ
ϯҲãСӶҪˣҪ̸̸⡣
ϯſڣϯŽȥСʱųϯֵĻо˵Ĳһ£һͬһӣ˻һĸܳˡ
ۺõϢĿΪֵĿΪϾҲŮˣ뷨ܸһ㡣
ӣϯֻҪпվȥľǶʱľпΣܸһȥϿΡϯῷʼǣ˳ֽӹǵĹ˰ѧڣϵ˶֪ľδϯῡ
ϯῶǿģүүѧ֣ĩʱԼȥľҸ֪ʲôʱʼΪ˷ľ̻һѴԿס
ľΧھӶϯϤдϯΏľھһ轻ô̲ˡ
ľҶǸϴүżӿˣǰ;
ϺǱߣϯ῾Ŵ绰Ҹ֪⣬Լľڹгɢɶģﾭϯʲô֮Ļ˵˽󣬿϶Сӹĺ
ôľҲо˵˽ʱ򡣺֮ǰһľ̴һ绰׼ʲôʱ飬ҲСˡ
⻰ľеᣬ˵ʵϯʶô꣬Ҳͦʱˣ꣬жʵУԼһˡڼ׼óԵĵżпջܳʱɢ֣˵ʱҲੲݡ
ӹĻͦˣʱı䣬˭֪ʲôģ
һڵ绰ͷŮ˵Լĸ룬ֱӴˣҵϯҲˣ׼˵괺ڱϯ˵һʱһ»ڣ꿪ǾͰ¶ˣ
ľ̻һ£ҵͬ𣿡
ͬ⣬ͬ⣡ҹˣ
ľŵ绰ǱѾɴĹҶˣɶʱеˣ
һ۹Թڱϣʵ쳤˵ϯΰˣԼȥ尢˵
绰©һһɤţǲչȥϯҲ߰˰ˡ
ϯһЦ֣ģǽһһá
ʱ㣬ҶҲԣ
ϯûвҿлƹϣҸһ˿벻ԣ
Ͷι˵˸ϽͷҪһع⡣
ϯ῵ͷ㿴飬ȥ
Ұ㣿
á
ľĿϯȥ֪Ҫӿռó߲ˣ͵
緹о˿ع⡢ˡ㡢ϲһȺķ¶ǣڻ¯ǰ治Ųѡ
ԣҲϯϴġ
е£Ȼȥˡϯһ߲һ߽
ľɶ£ܳߣ
ϯЦˣѾͷָ
ҿֻһֻ¯ϣԼüһԡߦڰϡ
ľɻȥˣ߰ɡ
ϯ῱̬ģ⣬ٸңСʰ㡣
һԼᡣ
ϯóԿҪߣľ̽סȥһ߲ˡˮһֻߡ
ϯڳϣŸʻλһˮĲˣһݫʵĺܣմӵһ
֡裬һˡϯһӶš
үүҲˡ
ϯ»ϵĲˣôʣ̼ҵģ
šϯӦһ
Ҳ¥ʦأôöⶼˣľҵ˶û̵ʦһΡ
ϯ»˵бµܲţܼմôˡ
յĹȥ
ôţҶԣϯü
ϯῴĶݷõӣϯһӳϯɶڼҵš
ϯ»һۣô㶫ʲôԣͣģ˵ľҵĲˣعƷȲϡ
ȻԵʵĲ˺ѣǼ˵ÿ»ֵܷһЩعģֻζڸУĺľҵıȲˡ
ô˵
ϯü磬ҿûжĸֺˡ
аɣͲ
Ѳᵽţ⽻ó





81.   81 ľɱˡ


, ϯĶһˡ
Ҳ߾·ģߵε·ӣҪ˵򻪺ϯʶҲϣҶҵĻ¼ƻĸһ㡣
֪Ķ֪ϯҵүȥĴ, ϯҵϯǸ, ټϯҵϯһλ,  Ӷõóֵġϯϴ ϯɽ·, ˡͷϯ, ֻҪϯүȥ, ϶ְϯ϶ϯ, ڻ, Ҳܳ, ۹, ٵرҲһǰ;ġ
ԭҿõϯ, ˽˾òϯ, ټϯδ, ǴСʶģͷˡϯɻϣ֡Ǿʣϯˡ
ϯܵȣ²в磬ϯһҲǿ϶ġ
ԼҲϯϯӴһȥ, ˾ʹ˶
ſڽӵһң账λãҲһ˺ʹӾ˱ϾԲġ
үЩģҵҷˣС£ճɶģĵ𾢣һ㲻䳡
үӺϯү鷿Ȳ衣
ϯ»һүӶţһڡ
үӹάһ䣬ôõĲ裬ҾȻģϲ ¬ˡ
ҳϯһҪãʱھǴʱң뵳˼ϵļҲƣŬ֮£н棬˵ 裬Ҳû˻ỳɡ
ϯ»һЦ裬ɲЩǮõν 衣
ʲô˵ͷ
ûɶ˵ͷͨĲ裬СϱТġɱҵ⡣
ͷҡҡͷСӡ
Сϱǲҽλ
ϯ»˵ϣ˵ϣͶʮңģ˵衣ˣϴҪȥϷ˰ɣ
үӵͷǣȱ㾭飬ҪӻͷүҲûץסš
¥£ĵڣ֪ϯ῿Ҫ飬ϯ򻪵ĻھͶǰ껹м£ü
ɫ軹һǼպá
Ͻ˼β֭ϴּãϯϴϴתȥòֵӡ
ǽһӳһ㣬򻪴򿪿һۣһ߲ˡˮһֻ
Ӹ㡣ϯ߽
áЦ ӹ֣һȥ
һ裬ǣһ£ 䣬Ц Űͳ⣬ҵĳѾ ˡ
صңϯһˮЦʣ裬 զ
һۣӹˮ
ô˵ϯЦˣüҡ
ϯ»ӣ۲ 
ϯνС
С˰ɣ27ˡӵ
Ҳ룬Ҷʮüˡ
ϯüСʲô û˵ҵҪ ҵǲ岻ֵģǼҵ£Ҳ˵ϻ
׵˵ҽףϯҲվңҲϯҵ顣ǼҵŮ޸ϯҵĳҲС
ϯɫ֪ô
ʲô㣬һ㲻֪ȷʵͦϲ򻪵ģÿ˵ߴӣ ּȻ̬ҲԼҵĴ
Ͷ˵һˬʵӣ ǲϲֹӣԼ󶼷ֳȥסһ𣬹ܲ ϲͳɡ
ҵĳϣ˵￴ˣµ˰ɣǼ³ĲյģϯҵĲôôʣһݫع ûеİɣ
Ϣүӳˣ˼ġ
֣ĳүү˵ĶԣѾͷδǸֱӣÿ㿼ô
Цõģϯ˵ˣǰȥס
ȥסʲôǳ͸úĸסһƽʱиʲôҪǲź֪
֪ʲô˼ҲֻȵͷӦ¡
һ߾ĩĩ֮󣬺ٺܿ٣ľҲϺϵꡣ
ľ̺ϯһȥվˣһ˿һ·ݵʱľϯ´ģ˼⣬Ϸ̣Ͱѳģϯῶ˵п֡
ľ̼װȣû뵽Լôϯߺһ Цķˡ
һûľ̷Լҵе㲻һƤë£ֱ¼Ƥһһ㿴ũӡҲһ¡ƤЬϻ ͷɲ˾ ʱǰ˵Ū
ôôÿˣ
һæ裬ھסˣһ㶼
ľæԣԺ󶼽Ұ֡
ľүүһۣô ҵ㶪ˡ
ľæ¸أ˵ɶӶš
ľ̴ ̵֣ôǮ˱ôҰôһ磿
ľЦϲ
ߣϳؼң䰡ľҲһ磬кһȥ
ϯ´ӹ ľ̴򿪳ţϳľЦ ͷ
˿һ·ҡ
˳ľӻ˵û뵽ҹŮῪˣͷŪһԼ
ľ۾һתøŪǮԼŪ
аеǮͷ㷢ѹǮ
ľҲ˵㷢һǽˡ
ľӲˣôˣŮԺÿ궼㷢һ
ľЦۣ ׵
û죬ľһҡľһҡľӢһҡľ衢ľһҶ˱μ ׼㣬Ӷ׼жģʳ߲ˡˮ׼ˣܳԵ ¡
һʼʱһôĳ͸гһ˵ѾȱǮͷһǰľһ䣬̫֪Լˡ
ľ̾ͻ˵ϯһ֣ԼһЩ˵һŹˡ
ƽʱľңڿɲһǰԺԺһֱ˵ЪСĳľһ Сľҵʯͷ4ͷľҵĹŮһջߣľӢӼҵĶӰҲһࡣ
ʯͷʹһЩ չ˵ܵãСģǿģֻҪһͷ˵仰Ҫʯͷһߺ塣
ǰѡһӣϯһţһž һһҲþò ΪӴõһ˵浫绰Ҳһá
̵ͷ ÿϺǲһ
һЦ Ҳͦÿģԡ
ûϺţҪȥͷԺĶҪҼҿŲš
ϯյϯߣС˵һû Ƿˣ㿴ǽֱƤ£
ϯƲһۡ
ϯΰջ𡣡
ḻ̌ϵһٷľ ˣϯһܳϯ῾Ͱ
츺ջľϯ´վδ÷Ҿλˡ
ľһѰ£ʲôңúջϯǽĴջ¡
ľЦ ϯΰϯľ˵ģһϻûУӣϵͿʼвˡˡ
ľŪãڳæľ循ˣ˵ϯû뵽ô
忴ľһۣؼҽ̵һԼˣѧϰһ¡
ľ̳ ιϯһڡϯĺܣһš
緹ҶԴտ޲ѣľһЦ׼ĸ ĺáһŮŻҪԼ
ľ¶֪Ϊ⣬Ц ľ˵ôõĶҪϽԼĲС
ľæͷ
ҾĻڶʲôʱһ𷭻 ʮӣ˽顢լ֤




82.   82 С


ϯҺľҽˮ 
˰, ϯ򻪵ĻҲС
ϯǰһ죬Զϵϯǰ˱ϯæŻ飬ϯῺľ̿ȥӵˡ
ã˻վʱ仹, ϯ῰ѳͣڳվڲԶ, ľڸʻ, , ûڹ, ɴ۾ɹ̫, о϶ɹˡ
ϯ³ϳ, ʮӺ,  һǳӡ˳ְѴӷ , ľֻоůůġϯһ, 
ľۿһ£Ӻ𰡡
šͦ, ָһš
Ҳһš
һǶһԣѽ¶Ķˡ
ˣò, Ťͷһ, ϯɣϯҡ³
ңվɹ̫ģ
һǰȣϯ϶һ ˿ڣȧǵĵط°ͣ ͻͦƶġ
ʲô 
ãϯţ 
ϯῷ, ľ̰ ŵİݸϯɣϯһ߳԰һ˵ⶼûԹ ˣʮ˰ɡ
û˻شϯɿŴⲻıɫһּ޷Ա
磬 ȥͣ
ϯɱһ£ḷ̌ɶ
ܽ𣿡ϯῴӺӾƲһۣǸ˵ǻڶˣʮ
ľһЦ ǵĻ񲻼ҪȲμӴĻ񡣡
ϯ̾СĶˣǸϹ
ϯ˵̸Ŀڿ˴ģ׼ʲô
ô£ûǸĿڣǿҪĿڷѣǲˡ
Ӳľ̻һţ磬ɩӵʱҲɩͼ񡣡
㡭ľͲ ʹ𣿡ϯɿŵؿڡ
 ̵ĸĿڷѶϸ㶼ʹʹʲô
СˣϯһԹ
ľ̲Ц磬ϯһۣԭСС
ϯῲ⣬СʲôֵЦģ
һ·֣ϯǵ㸴ӵȫɢˡϻ˵úð ²˵²ɣ̡
緹ϯҳԵģ칤գֻжڣľԴʳ šϯῴӺóһ߲ˮʱϯɼֱԼ۾Сʲôʱѧˣ
ľ죬Ҫ˺϶ǲһġ
ϯɿӡиСȻİһ˰ᵽȻӣϴ⣬˳ּˡ
ľ̹ һ һȵˮιһڣСӵ˴͵Ĵһɵĸ𾢶ˡ
裬ҵûݾ
ӻ֣ȥɣȥɣȻ 緹
ľ̿ӣﻹྐྵӶ̰û̵ҩ࣬á
аץһѹӶ۾û뿪ӣǸ̺۲̫ڿĨһĨò¾
УŪһŪͷǮռǱˡ
СľЦŵͷ
ԷϯῺԱŲ˳
ϯɺϴ裬ͷʪģһ·ߵǰ£Ϳʼԡ
ľ̷һ룬Աˣһ߲ȣŴҡϯɳԳˣ̯ СֳգҸʲôϱУģ
һţ˵Ķʲôû̼ҵĲˣôóԣͿʼ
תͷľ˵̣ͷҩǮǧ
ʲôҩǮϯһ⡣
ݺݵһۣϵỊ̇ôһʮüˣעһôҵõϱ
ã̺˵ѫ£ɡ
ڲŪʱ䳤˾͸ŪŶ
ϯɰڰ֣һˣЩ
ĶһָͷԴ ҾͿɣǸϹֱؿۣһţȥϴ롣
ԱأҸʲô
ȥȥ
ȥȥھȥϯˣԹԵȥϴˣŻϢ
ϯľ̻ؼңľǰԺֵúܡľ̸ǰԺ˼÷ǻǽǰ
Сһ زסܵԺ ÷˹ܵϣòСҲвסһ֦ Ļ֡
ľһѱ𻨻СǾԺ Ͳˡ
С޹ЦСָ 棬Уأ
ľ̰ѻ͵ϯΏ ʯͷһѼ  ֦ܵ޼Ļ֦˼εչ޲ 
ľ ë£һ۹ ÷ ֻҿԺ Ļúá
һһ䣬ɲ
ľ̼װû⣬ȥԺ˼ֻϯΰؼҡ
ϯΏؼҵʱ򣬶ϯɶڿϯ˯ˣ˸Сǰ棬ֳֻëȦһȦһȦķߣ跽ë
ˡ̧ͷһۡ
ϯӦһԱӣÿĳ û ʣµĶһ棬ڿ 
㿴С˵ĻҪʲô

ϯԾûȤԹԵļëȦ
 ߵ㣬ϯϯ»½ؼңϯɣ鶼Цϯûж˵ʲôϯ»ֻ˵һ䣬ͺá
ϯʱϯ򻪽ˡ
ԷûԾ档к˹
Цĵ壬̣ϯ˵ϯɽˣ
ϯЦ޺ǴɩɣҾ϶ϯɣμ档
򻪵һ滹ͦϲܵģȥʱ򻹸ϯ˵ϯɽһϯɫĸˡ
ϯ˼ҹ̫䲻 򻪻˵һ¹ıãȥ꿼 ˴ѧҲƯ
Ҫ飬Щ£ϯ˵¶Ҫ϶Լ˵Ҳ㣬Ҳٹϯɵ¡ûϯĻĹϯֻҪ һ棬϶ ׷
ڶϯӣϯһȥľҳ緹ľҴʮӣŴľȥꡣʱϯſӭľ̸ϯ߹ȥ˵ϲ
ݿϯɶ֣˹ ȥ¡
ôһ
ϯһһ˲徻
˶һۣϯ῵ ģôˣ
򻪴Ǹù ҿ򻪵˼ǹʶǹһϵİ̾ͲԸ򻪸ûƵġ
ľ̶ˣɶ˵ҿϯңǰĸӴʵ
ϯ῵ ˣϲӣ㻹дɩһһ򻪡
ϯһ͸¶Ϣ
ʱܼ򵥵ģʮ翪ʼһ벻öæŹĿ˾ߵ߰˰ˣ ʣҵһ Ȳ裬͹
㣬ˡһŲɫµĹкսŵ򻪡
ľ̴һۣҪܸϯɵıãĵͦɰġ
߹ ȥ˵Ц䡣򻪿ḷ̌ﳯ߹ 
̣ұ
ľЦŵͷá
һľϵ·ã֪㣬ϯ῵δľ̰ɡ
ұ£ϵ·ģڰٻ¥ûأ
 ˣ
ģġ
ŶӦʡ
򻪱е㲻ͣЦŴ̣С鷳տһ£ ǻؼҵʱвУ
ϯ῿һۣɩӣǲ̫㣬ԱͰɡ
ǿЦ ҲС
ϯǱ֣򻪹ȥˣ棬 
ľ򻪣ԺϯҪˡ




83.   83 ˭ѹ˭һͷ


ϯ, »ʱסھԺϯɿ ʼϯ῵ľ档
ϯɵ ʮǰȥɽӵ ʱ仯ľ˶ǵϯǸܻԾյ ֣ľ, ϯΏ Եÿ 
ľҴƹ, Լȥ, ȥ , вĵӴŴһ档ľҵ  ʯͷرϲ, ÿûϯ, Ҫһ, ʲôʱ
ĩ, ľȥѧУ, ϯҲȥ, ϯǰûй ڵȲӰ, Ŷڵľҡ
ʯͷС, һܵſ, ʣǲˡ
ϯЦӦ
ʯͷϾСļ ţ˨̫βľŰŴ 
һ ʯͷҪϯɱϯһѱݺһ, Сӣ
ľ̾ǰˡ
Цû¶ץʱ һ
ѧУߣĩԺľ̴޻μĻ
޻͸ýˣ㲻֪ϵŮ˶δ񡣡
ôҲҵ ۲ Բš
̴Цˣʱһȥ
һ ߹ȥ
 ΪԼǳ˲𣬿ǸЩͬ ѧ˭ҵûглڡ
޻˵ ߵĲԶˣͷ˻޻һۡ޻Ҳͬ ɻȥ
û뵽޻СɰͲŽ ѧУȣӱ˲
֪źˣѡһõϢգľ̹档齫ľ˵ᣬر˵ϯһҡ
ѲûһϯԺ֧һ齫ϯһңǶ򻪺ϯԼҡ
ϯ´һȦϯˣԼִǸû ˺üѡһѴһ룬ûдȱЦ˵̣ ɩ˵û ɩһ
üɩܴ򣬲ˡ
Ȼô˵ҾͲŶЦŵ
Ȧľһֱ򻪵ڣӮ Цӯӯ ľ̲ɫ
򡣡ϯ˦һƣɩû뵽㻹 Ӣ
࿴ͻˣѡ
ľ̵˱ôò㿴ˣɩҪСˡ
Լ棬򡣡򻪶Լ ġ
ļ̌ͷ˶һۣһЦ
ľ һֱ򻪵ơ Ȧľ϶Ǵƣ˼һɫڣɫеҲסĵ 죬󶼿伱ˡ
ϯϯῴ¥ϯ򻪼򣬡˭Ӯˣ
ã⻰ á
ϯ῿һ棬û뵽С˼ˡ
һȦľ̵ָʹǮǮ ٿǮ
ϯҲˣëǮӮôǮ²Ƕɣ
ϯľ̻ȥϯϯɵ ţô£һص򻪾ͳ˦ɫ
ҿû۸¶ģ伸ٿǮҲѵˡ
趼û䣿
ûУ軹 Ӯ˵ɡ
Ǿһһ硣 ƾֻ  
ϯЦһǸú ̣̽ñ̸ϣֻҪϣ䣬ǲġ
 УҵıáɶģҶȤٴؼŮ޲ȥƵġ
ϯĬˣˣҷֵ ӼҾ߻һ㣬ǾͰȥûɧ㡣
òˡ
ϯڴϿ飬ھӱ߲һߺ˵ϱ
ϯ̧ͷô
ںô ͷѹһͷ͵ʴף˸⡣
˶٣ϯϲϱ޽ һ飬Ҳ˵ 
 ٿɣӮһ㣬ͷӮˡ
ôô󣿡
ʲôѽ˵һëǮ棬ϱ˵һ飬ϯ˵ʹëǮС Ǯϻ 󷽣֪ǲǶԼ ҵס
ϯã Ҫұһ롣
ε齫¼ľˬȥ  ֶֶŮһһѹǮ
ȴһֱһϲȥ²˵ɣ˼һ˵ҳĹϯҳϱ²ֻﰴ¡
ϯϯ̸ ϯҲˣڶ򻪰ᵽλָ  һͨѾǷǳõ סˣ˵Ǿǲܡ
ѹƢϯΪʲôҪӴԺ
ϯ䵭ǰ˵ˣס㲻ϲǵס𣿺ͳֿ סҲ һЩ
ǰס˭ϴɨ
Ȼһģһæ Ӱ죬ϯҲ˰æڷ޹ϵ
ûʹϲϲߵеʧء
Ϊʲôϲϯɻ󣬡ǰž˵飬סҲͬ ˣʲô˼
ʱֻϯǿЦ Ͼǳӳϱͳס Ȼû뵽аһ졣סھԺס ӵС ְ棬ȫһ¶
ϯ̾Ҳ㳳Ƿֿ 侲һ¡ϯ ţֱˡ
ִһСӣûסŤͷҲˡ
򻪻ң򻪰趼ڼңڴ󲿷ֵλʼˡ
ôʱ迴һۺ棬Ůû
Һϯˡ
ܣֿһ衣
Ϊʲô鳳ܣ
򻪾˵ϯִҪᵽְס 顣
Ǹˣ֪ǰסô򵥣򻪣ǽʱ䷢ ˵һ顣
һ裬˵  ֻһһ˵
˵סȥϯɾ첻żң
ɲǣҴžؼңϯһΣ  ˡϯ˵ʱ䶼ľǱ棬ʱ ⹫š
֪¶ҲǰǴ齫 ˵һ顣
˵¶Ͼ͸¶ Ҳǲᴦ£ͶһӮô¡
㿪 ʼҲһӮ
ǲǿЦôôС˵һ Ǵɩ
ɩĸ迴
򻪴ѵǣҿôЩôԶ ġ
ұǶǿѹסǡ˵ľǿˣϱϵ˼ʶʮ꣬˵ϯСʮյľҲٰںľҵʮھӣȵ˼ң͸Ұףô 򻪶Ҹ
̲סһģҿҵĹŮһ Ҫ
ҿ㻹 Ȳ˼ҡ
̾ҿǺӹˣ֪ߵغϸ ҹȥϯ˵סְסְҪͺ飬Һû
򻪲裬ֻôҳ߻ְϯϻڴ˯
Ҵ˷ԡ
ĬĬᣬڱҲԡ
ϯǿ ӣһ߸һ̾ô ˣһС¶ֵ𣿹ԣѴϷŪһ̨ϴ»ԺǼҵ·ϴ»ϴ㶯֡
ϯôһ壬ΪЦᣬ𴲳Է
һ꣬ľ̾Լ رԣָ ǼֱܽкӦýкӣһǮ滹һЩ塢ĹŶ
ľ̲סһһ׬ ǮǲǶˣ
һһۣ˵Ǯ ݼױʣġ
ŷ ˡ үү̡㡢 ϯүӡδŹ˴
¸Ϳˣ




84.   84 ¾޶ױ


, ϶ЦݣŶʺõľ̸ү̳Ź֣ﴧŲٳ ھӼҵС, ҪץһѸ˼ҡ
ľҵʳó, е , ˻ǰ, ľᵽСһ˼, ָץһ, С˳ʳ, ЦԶ, õϵı
˼̻ÿʱ, رлһëë, ͻ룬ҪȻ, Ҫɽһ˹¶ϣѾתͶ̥, ﻹܵô õ
˵, ܿͻˣ֪м ǳһʲô ˣ
Ѿǵϱ еˣ
ϯ῵Ļʮ ¾źǾҪȥ֤
Ԫڹ󣬺ܿ쵽 ¾źһ졣һϯῴһ̾װųḷ̌ڳ緹
ϯ´ܾ, ô 磬Է𣿡
ˡ
Ǿٳһ㣬˼ҹԱûϰأ
ϯ磬ҪＤ˯ţϴѣҪȥ֤ӲûһԲϽš
Ҳô ģոȲĳţľҶûе롣
һҲкٳԵ㣬СϺģ򵽣ûʱȫǱš
һϵĸ֭СϻŴлžʳˣϯῶͳԣž㡣
ľЦ㲻ǳ緹𣿡
һһƣôϻϽʰš
ϯЦ̫óˡ
һ⻰Ҳˣͷִ㣬ǲҪȥϵһ֤𣿱ī
װûٶȿˣ극ϯȥԺ
ϯԺȣľһɫë³һֻֻһ˫ƤЬ
㡣
ϯЦʲô ʱ׼ģ
ľ̺ߺһ׼õģʵỊ̇Կϲʡ
á
սջҪ֤봩װϯ῵״£Ҳѡһɫг£һë£ëȹһ˫ָƤЬϵױݣ˿ʮ㡣
رǺϯվһ˿رǶԡ
߳ȥľүүľˣڳ緹ˣľ̲ס䣬ÿ
ǰɣ׼ġľ̵Ц
ϯԭҲͦÿġ
黹װ !
ˣſŰɣʱ䲻ˡ
˳ţһݿϵǹӣһ£ܵſڣ˻ûߣȵȣ˴ϲǣҪ˼ҹԱ
ľ̽ӹˡ
ȥɣ·Сġ
ϯ῿ڸʻϣһϯԼһǡһڣȥˡ
ϯŤͷһһ͸峺һ۵촽
·Ҹʲô 
ϯЦŤͷǰ
ôҽرľЦ
ţرǰҲر
ḻ̌һԤڶĹЦһЦһ߰ס۾УЦҵĽëҪճƤˡ
˵طľ̴Ӱһ۱ԼױȷԼġ
ϯῶԷ۱ܺ棬ʲô 
㲻ùģֻҪˡ֪ϯǸֱУŮõЩ ŸҷĴ󵨵ǰá
ϯΪȻ̨ĹĶֻĶ£۱ֻ÷۱С ررÿ⡣
˵ʱ򣬹Ատʼϰ࣬ǵһԡһڶСµˣСﻹԹһ䣬㿴㣬˵һɣҪǾŵһˣ
Χ䣬ǹｿŷŹ
ľĬĬţԼһʡ¶Ůˡ
ߣǽȥϯľ̡
Ը飿
Ը
Ը
õģλͬ־Ľա˵֤һűãȻƬ͹֤
˶Ťˣʦָϯῴ§סļԴһЦݲãƬˡ
ʦЦףһ䣬úϣ
ллϯùǹӣʦһǡ
ֵ˺һƬϣ쵽˽֤߳ʱѾʮˡ
ĿһòڵСϳԶˡ
һŶӵĹĽ˵Ǯ
˵㿴·ƣ϶ǵģǸǾ϶ǴԺӵܡ
ľ̿˽֤дģƬһ£һ㲻ô ªĽ֤ôӡԼŪһ
ľ̰ϯ῵Ľ֤ݸϯ˵أҰ
Ůܲ塣
ϯЦſǷޣͲ塣ϾͲ塣
Цһˣᰡ
ᣡ
ϯЦŰѳľңǰûлһСʱ
ˡ
ţ֣֤
ľӽӹ֤ еᣬһԼŮÿԼġ
һ˴֤硢㶼ЦŹϲǡ
ľӴһŴۣľ̽ӹЦʣҵļױ
ԣļױԼɶãָ
 Ǯһ80ָɶô Ǯ
ô ױҸͬ𣿡
ľڸʯͷ⻰ɶͬģСʱָʦ˶ٺöǲ⡢һĿһӦõġ˽Ҳ˵ϾϯǸŴ󻧣ҵǸϱҲڼױ涪
Ҳ̬ǵԼǮҺ϶ûسһ׷ӶС ǮģС ױָ ţһӶ
ľ̾ǼǮǵˣǸʲô һӵɡ˵žҪ
ס˭Ҫ㱧
ϯסľ ۡ
ڼˣҪ籧ġ
ľ̰һۡ
ľǶ塢ġ
ҲǴۣǷˡһǮҴģľӢӽ鶼ûױ
ľӵͷ°ɣǳ ⡣
ľүүľҲûж˵һľ õеݿüһһ
ͽļױȣ귢ֻ˵СƣȦǮĺʱ
ϯҲϱļױǮĴһӽžãԼǵҵеò֡
֤ˣϽ˽ǮǱġ
ҵġ
ľ̽ӹݹĴۣǧǮ
Ҵ࣬Щ 궼ҩˣ֪ġϯе顣
ľۣںֶ٣ںȫҡ
ȫˡῸæ˵
ľ̹ʣ㶵һǮûˡ
ϯǮǮ
ľ̹ЦױĳһٿǮԣǸǮ
緹ľҳԵģȥϯҡ֪˽֤æϯүӶˡ
үүãľЦŴк
ϯ»ЦѽСѾͷǼˡ
Ҳˣûʲô ˵ģֱһ ľҲʣЦлˡ
е㲻ˬ죬ϯ鶭Ҳ˶˻ϲ͵ģ ò֤͸һݴ񣬽ʱǲǻҪͣ
ϯɻˣӴ֤ˡ
ѽ
ϯ컵Цľ塢ľ˶ټױ
 ʲô £
˹ϵ׽ľҲûʲô ˵ģϯΰ
⣬Ťͷϯΰر֪
ϯɤ ̽ ֽ𣬻һӶǧġ
ʲô 򻪾
ʱһѹףǰȺˣʶ棬ûļҹô ױ üҵʲô 
ϯһֲ֣ȻһĽҾͲٲˣСˡľ̵ļױȣϯĶ졣
ϯҲԼһˡ
ˣˣԷ˶ˡкҳԷ
극ϯľ̻ؼң򻪻 ʮָӡ




85.   85 »ֳֵϲơ


 , ԴȷԼϯҪ飬֪ľôһˣûϣ , һֱϯϱĶһݡ۳ݡۼױ, һ, ˭Խȥ
Դʶú, ÿһܴ
ϱϵ, Ȳϱ֮ϵ, ʹסһ, Ҳ֪ ׽Ļá۳һֱͦ, μױ , ĵĽȵס
ص, һ仰˵ڱ , ס
ϯﲻ֪ʲôֻλ , , ˭ῴ ˭˭Ů˭˭ϱһͷ
ϯϴ̸ǣûһ˯ȥڴϷȥ˯ţԭָϯһ͸ϴһûȵϯİοϯ೤ĺ
˵С 
ľѿռԽҰŪ, ·ûʲôŪʵ̫ˣʦ͵ģҲ̫עĿϯ῵
ϯĻһ£ǹҵĳö඼ģ϶ǹϷһЩŪĽڳ١
ǾǲС
ٵ ꣬ ·ϵĳһ㣬뿪ʲô¹ԣʱӦþû˹ˡ
ϯΌǮԽԽ࣬϶ ֪ͼױͼǮ˾ʼʮǮڣ൱ۡ
аɣ ˵˾ûûɡ
ǻǰǰ죬ľӵˡ
 ľ̺ϯȥ˷꿴 زڣʱѾ˯һ
ڳ ЧԽԽã黹ĺܣһû ʲôϲȥľ˵ͳúܡ
ľҪ˵ɴͱˣѹ˼㻹׬һǮǮҵ꣬Լ·
 ·ô˶ȥҿôĳȥǲ廧ֻ ø廧ûϡ
ǳĵ·϶ȥҪϷ·˼Ҷȿ㡢ըͷسǻôȷ
ľҲͬ⣬ǣҪ÷سǹҶһȥϺ׬ǮֻҪŬǮúܡ
˵̵ļױľҲĽӣԺҪڳõأǵɶҲˡ
Ҳ飬ҲǸӻģͷϱ˵Ҿô硢˵ĶԣѧУвǮһйʱûҲȥҪ⣿
컪Ҳ֧֣Ҳһ
ûɵӣľ˵Ҫú롣
ܿȥӡϯῺľ˵Ļϯһڱġ
죬ľԼױ ŪһСʱʵڿռı һȫױͿɫĿں죬ϺɫĴ£ϸ߸Ьꡣú󣬸˵ȫǰתתȥĿ 
ëëſڴϿ мʹôһһҲء
ҵһ㣬ɴߴϼ£Ҹ𣿡
⵹ǣˣٹʮȥһ»ɴհɡ
ֻˡ
򻪺ϯߵſڣ һµãױرȻÿ еᡣȻױôãô ʱ鲻һ£˻С 
߽꣬ °ڷŵӣ еˣһĳأʱȣ˵ĻģҪСܶࡣ Ӯһͷ
ϯῺľվſӭ·ݵһҲ䡣ϴһɫĴ£ϻůվſڴ磬Ҳ䲻ȥ
Ρľ̾ȵĿ  ſڡ
 
Ц  μĻ񡣡
ѽϡͣ 롣
κͼ ļһȥľ̿ ϯΰûɣ
룬Ǿʦʦ˵ģҸʦʦʦʦ˳˵֪Ļ϶Ҿ˳˵ҴС
˸˵һпˡ
׿ڡ̷ڡˡ
Ҷǰ棬СѾͷףǰúϰ
ϯЦ ŵͷлл
Ҷҿڴϲˡ
⻰һ˫أһ·ļڶЦϯҲ֪ľҵľжˣҲЦ 
ģһҷƿ
Ҫȥ˸ռˡҶ˵ſ첻ȥ
׿ǣĶϯǱߵĿˣӭȥ
ϯɴһ˹λСľҽɣ֣ лҩıҵһˡ
ľãȻ ϯ֪С֣ʮǰ֮ǰϯɡϯҪȥӣ֣ҲȥΪסӣҩ ʱͶ·ҵϯɣ͸ϯҵҩͷκ˲ͨ
ԭ ÿ Ͷ綼ѡ
ҪԶ˵лл֣ÿ뵽ıԼһ켣ҩ̾Լĺ ûץסǴλᣬʮ꣬ӦöĳطֵءڣѾƾԼŬų
֣ϯС˵ǲǾԼ 塣
ľ̵ͷ
ӭʮһ룬˲ŽϢңһ˶Ϣҵ ţ ǽϽһһˮ
ɶˡ
ûУҴů
һ֣ȷʵůĺܡ
һ˽Ůʲˣ׼ұģѾͷСǸ¯ӣһ䲻š
 ʶһϯɡ֣ϯһ򻪿ǰһ͵ˣˣ Ŵ˵ ʣ Ѱϯ֪֪ʲôˣ
ϯϸ ˣʶӦòߵݣʶ
ϯྐྵӶ֪˭
򻪸æʣ֪˭
ϯЦ̧ƲһۣǸŲɫ°ͷ̫̫ǹĳܻڣǸ۾廪ѧѧϵڣǸƤеڵˣ˱ֽũרңҲʶ
֣զ࣬ô˭ģ
ľǱߵĿˡ
 ܣ̲ס֪࣬һĺ Щ˭
ǰ ģȥ걻Ƽ ȥһӢ̵Ŀˡ ϯһ龫ĽڱҵģҲһ顣
ϯͷȷʵҲһ顣
ºˣ֪粻ʡ
ϯɺЦĿ ϵľʵı飬֣Ҳ ͬˣϯһţ̫֡
ʮʼ򵥵֤˷ԣ˫ĸ ߹ҾͿʼϯľ̺ϯῸϯľȥ˾ƣҶһҶ˵ƿҲߵʱƿ
ҶΧ˶ˣ쳤˶䣬˭˭֪ҲҪ
ľʾ͵С˵ͷҶŲ⡣
Сзݡ
ľΣʶʮˣ͸ɣ
һ˽͵͵ף˲֪ҶҪõ˼Ͼơ
ܶ꣬Щ˵μ˵Ļ񣬶̲סϯʱϲƣǼֱζ
һæȫͣϾŵӣ˲Żص鷿




86.   86 ˲

Ź, ֻˣоڿı졣
Ƶʲ ô, Ͻȥϴ衣
ϯ῵ͳЦ, õҪҪġദʱ, ͦһ, ,  á
˽ 
 ȥϴ, ¥ֻ ˡϯ⻰ á
ĵĻ,  ϴϴ
õ·ʰ , ͸ ҵ, ó˯ȹԡ, ȥԡҡ
ϯ῿ʱͬͬŵƣ̲סЦ, Ѿͷըë
˳ָʰñŪҵӣ¾͸ó, ·һ¹ һ·, Щ·Ĳʣ ܶʶġ
֪Ѿͷһֱ¶żԼ˵
ϴŽľ̵С޵ģһ߲ͷһ߲ڵĴ 
ϯῳȥϽŹϣһæ,  顢Ʒһ껹ž չչȥģҪҪһױǲҪ ױƷסëһϣȫǺͷ
ûо꣬ϯ῾ͽˡ
˯
˯ʲôͷûиءղæ£ûдͷ
װȥ ﷭·͵ɳһصĴ ģͷ֪ʲ ôʱܲɡ
ʲôϯùղźû 
ڹģͷġ۸֪Ψһһڣʼͷɡ
 ϯ´ӹͷϵķȵģܺ档
ָ˳ͷ滬ͷˡѴݸʾ 
ͷǼ򵥵Ĵͷôһ ͷ ɡ̶̵ͷץ˼һ¸ӣˣ
ϯ῱ˤڴϣһС
ϯῸߴһһ㣬˹סҲס ݶĵƹ⣬С㣬軹¥¡
֪Ͻס죬ϯЦ 
һҹоԼһֻͷϵС˳ӿɳֱ̲ק һ ֱ׵Уˤɳ̲ϡѭֱֹ
ڶ𴲣˶ˡ
˵ϯܽһϴв˵Сʱһ߲˵
̣̲ס
ϯüĿЦӽ࣬һڿɢȥϯ῵ڰ̺֣ľ̴ĵãÿ
Ļڶ죬ùľ͹øæŹ飬𳵻ϼҡľүүľǶ 죬¶ʮҲȥϺҲһ  ͻϲϼңľһߣ·Ҳ Ӧ
û֮ǰһ쵣£һ飬һҲ ˵ ǴˣԼŰ졣һҲľͶֵˡ
ľסľӵ̹ԣȥϷǮ˵Ǯ һǮְָ һڳ
𣬰֣ǮϽغͷӣҪȻԼһأ޷ӣ޺úˣ϶׬Ǯ
 ϺҲô˵˵Ժءӿ϶ֵǮ
ү˾ԶϺû
ľӵͷУ ȥǮɵء
ǵʱ䲻ֲ㣬ߵʱ׼ ٳҩƷ Ҫǿĵһһţر ͵ľǣţԷһĸû ľ̵Ĵֻ һЩҩƷ
׳־ľع鵽һߣȥѧУشԺ
ʱ׾Թ϶һǽ죬ϯүү ʼϵڶ꣬ϯʦ
Ϊϯү΢еţΪϯְֿʼյĻȡľʦˣǶʱΪȦ Ļ 
ǻûбҵһߣû˺ǣߴţȻȵĹԼӣֱҵ
ָ߿ĵһ챱ѧҵ൱̴֣ȥ 񲿡޻ϼʡǵĴѧӢʦ⽻Ӵ ϰܾ 
һԼ뱻Լһ棬ϯΌæһ¶棬ȥ ⽻Ǿͺͷ־ûʲ ô
Ҫģ ķ빤ƽʱڼҹ
ϯԭѾȥ⽻Ůǿ˵׼û뵽Ȼ ôõĹȻ˵Լϲϰ࣬ãΪС֮ĸԽԽá
ϯãϯ˶ãΪ ί Ϊ飬רŸһ һ绰
һһְѹŮģԼĹŮǸʲ ôһ鶼ûȥѧУʵʵİѴѧ꣬ллˡӵ׼ҵĸл绰Ϊ˹ŮӣҲֻװ֪
ҵ֮ǰҪסڴԺҵᵽԼĺԺľľ衢컪Ǳҵȥ λλ 󣬾Ͳס ƽʱϯῲڣԺһˣ
Ϊϯῼ٣һסȫ󲿷ʱסڴԺϯΏʱǲŻĺԺ
裬 ǻˡϢգϯӱһС쿡ˡ
֯ë£Ͽ 
ˣ̱ĶЦһ㡣
ϯЦ ôϲҪ һ
ķҲû˹ܣ Ǯ
 ż УչһСûǸ˵ӣչ˲
ϯ֪־ᶨûϣ򻪲һˣЩǲסԺ¶ڻϯҵĴû סڴԺȴڴԺסţȥ˻ΪŹ಻ϲһҡ
ûڼң¥Ͽ һۡҪ ˵Ů˻Ҫ һΪһͷͲٶ˵
°ϯ򻪵Ļ ̲סЦ ߹ȥ屧һ¡
ϯС ȴС䲻ı屧һ£˵ЦŻҪ
裬Ȼ  ¶Ҫȥ ˵үүﲹơһֱſһִӶһǧǮ
ֲ֣Ǯţ̻˵
Ѻ绳 к 
ϯʣүүʮ ɣȾƣ
ЦɲͨľƣҲҪˣٶǮ̶һ
̲סʲ ôô֣ٿһھƶûô󡣡һƾͱϯĹʼ 
ϯƲ һۣ֪ͱ˵׵úܣ  һǧǮû᲻ һ 
ܽ飬Ǽ򵥵İ׾ƣ˳߼򣬸Ҫ˵үӶȵҩƣȻûȹЩүӶһʮͷСѾͷͰмӣ֪ͨ
ϯһ䣬ðǵ˼ְ ȥ
װûϱƽʱǸõģһϱһЩϻ ˵Ʋ̡
컹ûڣԺӴϯźߣǰֻˣ




87.   87 ۲ԽҰ

ľ ȥ͸, ˳ѡ
ӳȥ˳ǽʱһ ɫԽҰߴ, ǿ, ʵʵ֤
Խ֮ǰռ, 껷ԽԽ, ټغڳҲ , Ҳ˼׷, ֱŪһ , ˱־, ؼҡ
İѳͣԺ, ³, ƹȥȥʻһ ŷ⡣
磬ˡ
ϯĳ, ǲӸϯĳðϯų, , ĽڳȲˣ֪ĸҽڵġ
򻪸ôӳ ˡ
ã㹫˽ã˿˲ðɡü
ľ̲Ƣ˭˵ǹҸ˵˽ó
ӾˣĶŪģôõĳ, ҲҪ
ʦ͵ģûˡľ̰Ѱŷŵϣֳ򿪺䣬һ ¨ʵ߲˺⡣
磬Ұȥһ 
ϯѾʱʱؼһЩ߲˹ϹѾϰˣϯºӣѲ˰Сܹȥȣ̧ͷҪǡ
СӣϴγһźɫɿˡľЦűݸǡ
һ˱棬ϯҸ춯εЦЦתͷݡ
ϯ˵ľ̿һ ȥϴ̻˵ʦŪͻˣ
СܳȥھӼҵļСΧųת
һ Сһ  ̥̣⳵ľ̵ģ㿴ӻµأ
һ Сſڳ 濴ۣǿ쿴ӶƤģø߼
뿴ûȥ˵ƤӸоǲһ 
һ ӴСֱϼʻỵ̂һ ļװԼڿﻹԶ䷢
ˣݶ˵⳵ã˰ɣ
Ҫ˵򣬿϶Ŵһ Ⱥˡˣڵġ
ϯϲĺܣʸֻܿõĳ񫡣
裬ְֺүүпգҴȥɽתһ ת
ˣǸ áãҲȥתת˵ɽɫҲãгˡ
һ СԣǾɽҸطҰ͡
ʲ ôѽ
ŪһЩɡʲ ôģĺԺǱ߻ϴθϯŪţɣҵȻȥһЩ
У㰲š
ϱţʲ ôˡ
ﲻˣǶȲ裬ϯæҲô
ûһȥɢϯ»ˣСԺĳҲ̲ס࿴ֹۣһ 䣬˭ҵĳŵԺˡ
ھӸһ ӣһ ֪Ǿӵĳ
һ ëͷСӴԱðϯүүǼҵĳ
ϯ»֣Ǽ˭ĳ
ľ̵İ ҿľ̿ģǼƣֱ̫˧ˣ
ϯ»ˣˣؼҳԷ
߽һ ڿСϱڳ
үүˡϯˡ
ţˡϯ» Լһ ˮϺŷ⣬Ӵô Ǯ
ϯҲˡȥϰˣ
ûȥϰ࣬˳ķ빤û¶һ 룬ȥ͸ӣһ ϴ͵ĸӸĸѡ
ϯ࣬ô׬Ǯ
ϯ»̧һ֪ʲôɲĶôǮˣʵʵİ࣬һ һ ٶǮʲˣ湤һʮǮ֪ʲ ôʱ ء
ϯѾˣԺ϶ںڲŷչռޣϯ߳ţֻҪúŬԺ϶Ҳүôһ ϯ˼źһ Щ
򻪲ڼƻйϵ·⣬׬Ǯ϶١¶Ѿһˣȥ˵Ƕ֧֣Լûʲ ôǮһ ֱû
ӣϯҲˣҲ ĳү˵䣬ûһ￪ˡһϯ»ϯ֪ⲻǼƽ߲ˣɶҲ˵ͷǳԡ
ϯԷԵúܣιʲ ôͳʲ ô򻪶ιϯСˣԶ˵̣Ҳԡ
ЦпվԷ
ϯһ ҾҪߡãһɢ߹ģûﳵľǻȥ˳ĺԺõ㶫
ϯĺܡ
Կףϳʻűˣһ ʮ ϳǸղźϯ»˵СӣСӡ
ḷ̌ȥһ ת¡
ľЦаϯؼңȻȥһ ĺԺͻ
ֱֵͷУߡ
ϯʻģڳϣ֪С۲⳵תͷϯȥ˺Ҳ˳
һ 裬һͻ
ﺰ裬ҳȥһ Ȼͻ
ӣȥҲĹȡϻϵΧȹܳ
ľЦɩӣһ ȦһĺԺǱõ㶫һͻ
ӻΧתתȥڳǶҲˣĶľ˵鷳ˡ
ľ˷ܵһ  ḷ̌
ľһ תһ ʣô
֪ǸоͱҰǸ󡣡Ӻݺݵͷо
ϯ⻰ҲЦˣľŤͷƶȫϵϡ
Ŷ˰ûҵľ̸ָһ  ӲŰѰȫϵϡ
·١Ҳ٣ʮ  Ӿ͵ϯſڡ˳ְѳСȥϯҵھӿǴӳ һ棬ʣ˭ĳ
ĺԺſڣľͣ Ϩ𣬡Ҫһ ȥڳϵң
ϳ㡣ӶСİ
СӺ̫ˣȫ˳Կס
ԹԵңҺܿײȥ˵ġ
Ҳɶ²֪ˣͷ֤ԼҶ
ľ̽ݣϴţֱӽ˿ռ䣬һ ٱӣװĸǰ쿾˺滹кʶѸɡţŪװһ УָɹŪһ Сƻ㽶ЩˮŪ˲١
ƽʱĲ¯ӡһ ׶ϣ컹һ ȡЩӦò ˹ĸˡȥԺ̳װĲơһ ̳Ǹﲨģһ ̳ûؼңһ  档
ǰû ӣں䣬һ ˰̳ӾƷŵϡ
ϳؼҡ
 ʱӻһ ᣬḷ̌ѧᳵҿһ 𣿡
ʮ꣬ʱ˼ʻ֤㿪
Ļкüꡣһ ʧ
Եķųϣ̳Ӿóϳš
֣һ ̳ҷŵˡϯͷװ⣬ʵ۾û뿪̳ӡһҾϯ»үƣҪ£ ÿһ پôһ 㣬ûкȹ񫡣
һ ̳Աүүȥ
ϯ»ͷһ Ҳ֪ǰһ ΣСӿ϶ ˡ
ľ̲ӻСС
ڶ죬ľ̿Ŷϯϯ»һȥɽɽҰ͵ʱ򣬻УҲǹɢһ ȡ
һ ϯ˾˾ҲǴУȤϯ»СϯæĲңСϱһӵǹĺ
һ ˹Ц
һ Ű˶ôϯ῵æµУľ̵ңйȥ
Ĵ죬ˡ




88.   88 ʳԸ


, ϯ῵Ĺ죬Ȼջؼҵʱ䲻ȷʱҲֱסڲӣĩʱ仹Ǿܿճġ
, ĩʱ˾ͻ Ժס, ĺԺֻ, һһ, ˵һЩûӪ黰 , ϯ֡ ʱ, κ, һ뿪ҳ, ȥµĸо
ʱ̫,  о̫, һζ̼̲סŻ¡
ʲô  ʺˣҲûˢ
ëë֪ð, ѻ鸾ŮǲǸÿһ»еĿܣ
У
ľһ, һת, 뵽Ե̫࣬㻳Ҳˡ
˿ռ䣬ϻЬСܽңëëҼǵǵʱµһǧһֻаǲǣ
ʱյƷ²һ䣬˭л,  Ʒֱھܾͻ
ëëһ£ǣҲǵˣʮǰˡӶצӣϴæҡ
Сʱ󣬴ǽһƬֽӡƷӵĵǡ
ҵˣ
ľһϲҡ
õСȥϴּ䡣
Ӻ

ͻȻ Уëëһˡ
ŵ ëëëë̾˿ǵˣô ס
ľܳаĻˣбˣ
˵ 仰֪Ϊʲô ޣо ͻȻ˺ȻѪĴо ͻȻøɰ
ϲϲ
ͬ ϲͬ ϲľЦۡ
˵ʲô ëëֱ Сɵӡ
УҪϽϯ˵
ȵȣаȥ˼ҶëëϽס
ԶԶԣ˵ĶԣҪȥҽԺһ£ˡһܳصĺԺﻹаعָӽȥ
 ȻѾǴˣ䣬һɫ¡ɫţп㣬һ£ԿףСųš
俪ȥҽԺ
ҽԺһҲԥĹ˸ƣ ҽϰ࣬˲࣬Ŷӡҽ˵Լҽȷ˵ȥ飬ʮӺõӡ
ѽ
ҽЦŵϲѾˣȥעϢಹӪ
úúãллҽ
֪Ϣĵߡ
ҽ С˷ˣûţ䣬·㣬ˤӣ
лллл
˵Сĵ㣬˸ûʮԶײһˡ
æǸ˼ײûС
ߵٶе죬Ůëͷͷ·Ҳû
û¡Ůʶһײļ̧ͷһۣͻȻͷ첽ˡ
ļ̌ͷһ˲ϳǽߧұǺģǻࡣ
 ֪б˷ܵĸоȥһЩͷߧȥҲǸơ
ȥ·ϣ࣬صĺԺʰһճ·׼ؾԺ
裬һˡ
һ ľ  Ҫȥ
̻ˣϯ´ߵģ
ûУϾˡ
֪ɶ¶ҲˣҴææģ˵Ҫһʲô 顣
ľЦĿ裬Ҹһϲ
ɶϲ˺ö
㿴
ӹӣ һ˲Ц棬Ӵ̻ˡ
ӴιҾ˵Ҳûˣ 죬Ƿ濪˹ģ컹˵ͼˣô ֵģ
ŵһζ£ȥҽԺ飬ҽ˵һˡ
Ц춼ϲϣյӿ˰죬ҽ˵жˣ
°ɣ
㷴Ӧͦģ緹ûУ
ûУоԾȥҽԺ
Ҳȥˣ£ڿɲܶšתԺæԱСأȥһͣһ㽴;С

ֵҵʱϯ῵ʱҲ׷θŵһ͵ζ; ܡ
裬һûиϯ˵ء
ԶԶԣ ¶ôˣ򡣡
ľȸϯῴ ĵ绰û˽ӣ˺һ֮ͷ绰ϯῲڰ칫ҡҵ绰еСʧ
û¶ һ
 ľңϾͱˣһڳ緹˵ˣŵ绰߶Цһ绰洫һϤϤµ绰˴ֻ衣
ԣŵģӣо飬ʲô óԣʲô óԣ ܡľǮһҲٿģ˵ͷĲƷһҪԡ
Ǳ߲ͣ˵߲ͣĵͷŽӵ绰˵Ҳ˵
ľ 绰ݸһԵĶ
ӹ绰׼ң緹ûУӴɸˣǵģǵģ˵Ķԡ
 һͨ绰 һˣɳ ϶ûŲλã͵绰ͷĵȻ졣
һСʱ󣬵绰ڹϣоϻеδ
ľ̸Ͻ裬û֪ͨүүͰְ֡
ԣҪ֪ͨǡȸϯүү˵绰
ϯ»ݺϾʱ࣬żȥ壬˳ ɪһԼҵĺþơÿζŰﲻôһȥ
ϯүүݺʵӦסԺķҪ˸ӡϯүүϯ ׷ӣϯ˻ס
Ǳߴ ˵绰ϯ»õϢҲţˣҲˣСƿ׾վҪؼҡһȺͷ ׵˸Ͻס߿ԣ
 ҲǵˣСϱˣҪж١ҪһүӺٺֱЦ
ȥҿʼƻһֻһӣϯ겻꣬ϯȥŽ飬ûкӣϱŮû ˵
ϯ绰ûͨϯһˡ
 һ˶֪ˡϯ̲סϲãĳȣҾ Ů
ľƲһۣߣ˵Ƕأ
˵ŮԽԽƯ
ϱסһЦˣ ɧˣԽԽˡ
к쿪ʼϯҽһյϵرĹİÿСϯҵھӸһ죬ܿϯҵԱڰᶫ
Ϸḻ˺ܶ࣬ܶȻȱԲĴڣϯ ʱյĶȡ
红ӷѧʱ򣬻 ĩʱ򣬴Ժ溰һȺСܳȥΧʣǲϯҵİ
 𰸣һȺСҲ鷳ֱӸϯ̧ȥ һľ̻˯ͱ¥һȺӳˡ
¥һȺӡСΧŰ ʲô ѽ
ڲģһš
ӹţ ˣ˵һɽӣ˵һˣϵЩǸһЩ
ҿɽӡӶӶÿһʮ治١
Ӷǿڵģģһţ һ֬ĸоȥ»϶ѡ˺õĸ
һȺӿ ҲȱЩԵģռ仹в٣ɴͷЩǡ
ǰŶӣ¶׼ãľ̸㷢 Եġ
һȺߴߴСԹԵŶӣʳ¶̫Сװ£ɴÿ˷һѶлӡ Щϡ
üһ׳۵ĺܡ
ǻȥôӣҸǿţ϶û͵ǵġ
ղŻԥ᲻ߵСһһ̶ܻؼôӹװ
ûһԺҸղûС޶ߵ߶ˣľһͬ ʣװһʳߡ
 һԺĺӿɸˣƵġ
Щļҳһɲ˻ ˮŵлһ˵С¶иԡ
ľЦɩӱҼҵ Щв٣һܳԶ١
ľ̵ĴϯڴԺڱԽԽá
дϯһʦʦл




89.   89 ϱݵأ


ľԴӻ, ϯͳƷƽʱæĲżңкʼؼҵʱͶˡæʮ㣬Ҳֻؼ˯
и˯, ˯, , ܶʱ, µ·, ֪
Ȼû, һ뵽ôæ, Żؼҿһ, ;ůġ
, ϳʲô
¥һ, ŷ֣, һ硣 ȵȣ, û󡣡
ء
Ѿʮˡ
緹, ˼һСδоٳһ㡣
ȻٳԣٳԶͰм

ǰ ꣬⼸ СذһεԺɹ̫˵ܲάɶģţ߲˵и, ɹһɹάؾͲˡ
Сˡ
ϯСܹͷһ㺹
ôôأ
СĲһ¶ͷСûӶԣжѶء
أ̸ װ
ϯ߹Сӣܵıӻ졣
ľЦˣɩû
ϯЦݵˣ ֲǲ֪һֱķװ꣬ҿŪʲô
װڻǺ׬Ǯġ
ϣɣҿʼ֪ͶǮкЩ½ġ
ɶɱֲߣʲôӣҲжĿϾˡ
ϯҲô룬ȻǾȥڰɣҲס
绹¶ϯ緹ŶװһʳŶˡ
ӳ߳ǼҵļûˣʣһҲˣҿȥǱһЩԺﲻҶҪԵʱȥг
кľһֱסڴԺûȥ ΣⶼԹˡȥɢɢҲС
裬ҿһȥٶһ㡣ҪȻֻá
 ܿ𣿡ġ
ʲôҿһ㡣
˯𴲣ӣϱͿȥ
һСʱһСׯ߽һԺ˵Ҫ򼦣˼Ҷ
ѡֻĸһֻмĸϱ壬мգۺóԡ
򵽼˻ȥ·һƬʱоԣһֺĸо ʶչֻһƬѹѹĳӴǱ߷ɹ
Ӻܿƽˣ̣ʲô
ණ
裬 ³ľ³ϳţţվǰ档
籡Ƭѹȥһʬ嶼û£˲䱻ѹ촷ۣɻ
ľЦһͷ¶βģԼɣ
ܺ޶
ûǸˣתֱһһðľһҡΣҶ˲䣬ֻ֦ɣϵҲزס
ľ̼Цǰû ĻôҷһСҿ ûѧԣ
˴ǱߵĴͳΣһ˾ǵϺϵǸˡ
Ϊֻ ⼸ ҵİ취ˡ
аЦ㿴ǵ֡
ֻԱߵǸ˴һ«ɳһƬɫĳӣͷȸղŵĴˡ
һҲԥֱʵ ѹȥһֻҲûŹʱоһʹͻȻڵء
ǣʲôһңоʧҧ׵ֻɫĳӶԽԽ
ʱרŸ ׼ģúܰɡҾ˵ ѪƵĺòϣҧһڣʮ궼ѳ˲䳤󣬿Ķӱ͸ˣҪˡ
˵ĸЦһ㣡
ž
汻һƴ
ԭʧܶľվӶһʪ˲֡
棿öԸһ̫ˡ
ܣܣ 档˷ˣͳһѵ
վǶһһԶʱһŰ߷ɡ˵ɳȥڱǶðѪ
һһ˸Ͻȥ ˵ ôˣ
һģܻԺǰܡ
Ŀ⿴ ˣ ǴӴɽϰ˰ɣ
 ˵ʲôһ
Цһ˵һ㣬 Ǵ壬Խ߾Ǹλã겻Խϵ̽ȥ Ǵôǵˣ
ǵҲû£˵Ļ  ǵþͺãԺ ǵҵǰҴڸУҾȫ壬Ųţ
нæͷţţ ģԺǰ˴ŹǣŹǡ
ɣ
ľϳֱԼ۾ղſʲôСϱһֱһƬӣţСϱ
裬 ôأˣӻ֣ϻһƬ͡
裬 ѣ 
һץס֣ȵġ
ͷȵġ
 ˻ɣ
ľЦ裬ҵȻˣ Сϱ
ҡͷԣ ɣ ݵ𣿡
쵹ǻᣬݵؾͲˡ
üһŵ඼Ҫˣ
±£Щ¼Сʣ󲿷һӶһΡ
һ㣬ο䣬ȿؼҡ
صңԱˣڼˡ
ϯ֪֪ £ʡ
ûиϯ˵ϯ῵϶ʲôϴ˵ЩǶǵĻ һ˵Ĳ˺رʺóԡһĵײҪȥ˵ﲨ˻
ı飬£ϯ֪
Ӧ֪ɡ
ܸܲǡָĿڣˣЩ Ҳֻ֪Ҫ СڶúùӾͳɡ
ľЦˣ裬 ģһúùӡһǸˣֻǿԺһЩ
ǾͺáҲˡ
һ˶ˣ¥ˣҪռϯ˵˵ 
ڴϿ飬ϯ῿Ž
ϯڴ£˵
ͷ̨ůůĹߺܿϵë͸ƤһСŮˡ
ľ֣ʲôҡ
 뿪𣿡
ľ̺ᡣ
Ǿˡ
ûʵģΪ϶кܶ໰ ˵
ϯῸȻҲ棬ЩҪġ˵Ҫ£һֱҡ
Ȼˣһһֱ ǵı
ϯΌסܸоȫ
ʣȴ˵ иʦ޼ɽϾһ£չ֪
ϯʣǸ صʦҲԷ𣿡
ľЦ˵ҿԷݵذɣʵ ǿԷ죬ǶݵزС
뿴 һΡ
ľЦһԴһΡ
⼸ 껹ǿԸ¶ֻҪû˿ٹʮ ꣬ǼԽԽû˵ĵطУ±ĸоץؽȥƬо
ǻˣ ·Ҷ ˤˣ ͱ
챻ףȻһ㲻ģ֣۵˯ˡ
ϯȴһҹû˯һ˼֪ڿʲô
ͬ¥µϯҲһҹû˯¶޶ûϯ»Ͼͦˣ³ʲô⡣
ڶһ磬ϯ緹һҹû˯ϯڳ֪ϯῺϯ˵ʲô
ľʱֻڼҡ
 緹Ժ߆̫ҳȥȥˡ
ã ʱûǳӣԡ
˸  ҿǳӵˡһľȥˡ





90.   90 Űϱ򡭡


ľ̵ڲͬ, ϯῺ͸ĸĹ֮󣬺ܿ͹ȥˣϣҶû鵱 , ӻһ Ĺ
ϯϯүÿæŹ, ϳŶ, ˹ֵȵ, ʱ䰲ŵú
ľȻ,  ͻ֮ǰ Ҳûʲôͬ, 󲿷ʱоҩռ䡢żһ㷭롣뵽һ, Ԥʮµסʮһ³, СĶû׼á
Ӽ, Ը, ȻڰѺӵ ڹţҲС, ϾԼġ
鷿ҵһӤι鼮潲ôչӤôѡӤʪôѡӤ·ȵ, , Щ öණʵֲˡ
˵Ӥ̷ۣû䷽̷ۣ֮󽫾ֻι̣Ϊ㣬ڿռ˼ͷ彡ˮţһͷ׳ĸţѾˡϧŪֺڰ׻ţרŵţӪɷӦøһ㡣
̷ۻãͷûʪζŸСϴƬһ󹤳̡ëëҹ,  ֿ²ʶԺƤ
һ˾Щ 飬©ȱ׼ ҪõĶʱһζʢʱڡ
ϯҵԺһûϵĲһƬķҡ
¥ϣľڴϣһ֣һ磬˴ɴȥҶɳɳ 죬ЪڻϵɢȥԺһ
¥ŷȵĶֹ䣬СһˣĶۡ
ɫ֮糺ɫϼһ⣬Ժ΢죬ʱѾ߸ˣһװɫĸиȹͶһڴԺɢԺ޽һЩ ͷˣԺĺܸߴ
ʱ򣬶ˣһ޺ȣһӣԺﴵ磬ھӴţ졣
Сϱɢء
Ǹʹˡ
ϴЦɲǣȵĻţߣҲá
Ҫ ˰ɣô󣿡
أҽ˵Ԥڵʮµȥˡ
ĺã ϱûʲô⣬ﺢӰӪˡ
 ţǱȥ
Уͷġ
ϱɢţһЩ 󣬻᲻˫̥ϧӣҪȻͿԼ
ҲڴĶӣ̣ ˵ûп˫̥
ӦòɣǼû˫̥Ŵ򡣡
ɶ򣿡
˵Ǽǰû ˫̥ɣҾӦǺӱȽϴ󡣡
ҲһпУȥҽԺһ飿ϯ⹫ھͺˣһ֪
֪ϧѧᡣ
Ůˣ첻úźˣҲ ӣ ʲô飬ҪȻͣһŮ˿̱ĽԶ
 ֵһİԺ澭
濴üǽߧţͦˣһҲ¡
ԺͻȻ򿪣һŮͷײľֿһѡŮûվȵڵء
ɢͷϺġϵġĸɫһǽߧ
ҿ ܣߧ˳ݵİſڵϵĽߧԺϡ
 ڸʲô
ߧע⵽һεЦ ӣɢ
 ôӹˣ飬ò˼ңʶʮˣ ô۸ҵĹŮ浱 ֽȥ˽Ҿûˣ
϶ߧ۸¶ߧûлȥ˵ҪȻսߧǲԿƢ϶˴ҡ
ߧ߳ վ˵ǲۣ ˵޽ҼҶˣһ컹úչ˼ŮѵǷʰ飬ҰͲá˻ҶӸϽһ
 
ľס裬ߣ˵ŤͷǸˣ ҲŮ˵ģ ҲŮɣ ô˼ҵŮү᲻ᱨӦŮϡ
ϱҲûɢ飬ͷߡ
ľ˵ǰμҽԺߧҲһˣȥĻǸơ
Ҳе㲻̣ϾСĺӣȻЩ С˼ҲӦЩ 
ľ̾ãҲΪߧΪûҽԺĹҪǽߧй룬㲻 ӣҲڰӹ
ڶ죬ϳŶ壬·ȥ˽סĵطڽסһӵĴԺ
þûҲûǰĴ磬ϴһ˵ĳ£׵ͷձߣΧȹæһ˵緹
Ҳʱ䣬ѽߧ˵ˣҧ϶ӣҴҹŮﲻȴϡ
緹ҲˣϱӣҴȥԺ׳СһȺ˳ߧżȥ
ȻûˣԺ󲿷˶ʶġߧżŰΧھӺö϶ֻǺͽûʲô꣬ҲͲԸͷھӡ
һȺ˹ϻûϰˣŵߧżΧۡ
赽ʱ򣬻վԺŮǲµĸĶ һ߿ţŮͷϺϵȫˣһҲ̲ˣȥѽߧŰڵϣ£ᡣ
ߧҲûӵˣߧһߵһӵϡ
ңȶˡ
磬 ҡ
ҧ ˵ӲŪͲս
Ǵʵ̫ˣ쵼ҵɩӳ棬ס˽衣
һߵߧŵĶϣ򽪼ҵˣֱ޶ǡԭΪŮǣܹϺӣ˭֪۸
飬ȥ飡
ԣ飬ҵԼҲԼӡ
ɲýߧ˷ԣһȺŽߧȥ֣ûͰˡ
ֵҲǿ۽ˣһμ˫һȶϸ첲һȫˡһ֪˴ţż֪ˡ
ߧõ֤ߧ˾ֱӱ棬 ؽߧżҡߧɩӰСӵ·ߧɩһҲѵǧǮȫߡ
ߧ޵ʱȻѾͷöŻǸǧǮǮ˭ģһҧõľСӵļױ
粻ߵʱŽߧǰ һңȫûˣ˵׶
ߧң־β
˵ߣߧǰ ȶϸ첲ȥҽԺסԺҪǮҪǮصҲŷּﱻˣǮһֲʣŽɱĶܳʮ˴
ΧھӴŽգߵĶû˹Ȱ
ؼҵʱѾʮˣľ̲𴲡һؼңھӾܹ˵ԣ嶰ǼŰϱ챻˴ˣ˻顣
ϢһҲȣʱǸԿˣȻŮûɫϾ Ů۸ĵǼҲŹ֡
Ǽ֪ϯȥҸܣ뵽ϯڵҲҹ鷳
û죬 ˵ǼӲ֪ʲôˣְȫҰ˾Ժ
˵Ϣ˽¸ľ˵ձڹ۶϶ǽ˸áͽߧǸǳӣɵó¶





91.   91 ص749


ʮ, ľ̵ĶʹĿţ·ŶӡǰһϯңһŮĶӣǲ˫̥
Цŵͷ, ǰȥҽԺ, ҽ˵˫̥, ϯ˸˵Ĳˡʵмƻ, һֻһ, ˫̥Ǽֱ
һɫһϲ, æ˵׼·ܲ
, , ϶ġӿռƥϸ޲, ѧ÷һ˺Щѡз֮ġ
رϲһ·Сִȫ˽ȥ, ʱͲ
ǾУ, ȥһ¶үүһӤ, ˹
İľһϲ
ֻԼ, һæĻصҵͷ˯ʱ䣬үүġ
Цŵˣǵôܵ
һ֮ǰ˯Ӥ˯үүź˯꣬͸һЩ͹زסˡ, ˯Ҳ˯¡
ϯΏһ¾оô
ҽ˵˫̥ܵȲʮµ׾ͻʱ䣬ÿ춼׼ʱ׼ĻؼңͻȻϲ
оãǶ̫Ͼú۰̲ס治ס
ϯοͺˣ
ľ̺ٺЦţҿɵš˵ޱҿ࣬Ҳһ£Ϊְôõ
ûϯӭλֵĿˡһλɷǵʿһͷȴûн̣֪ǲǺУһװģһͷ
һôô֡
ľ𣿡
ľһãȻʲôƺ
Ժ˭һ˵ḷ̌Ͱ˴˽
˭ʲô£
װĵ˵ã749ֳָׯǵĲţᡣ
ľ̺Ͷֵ֪ʲôͷ749ʲô֣
ܱǸҲǵĲţذɡľ̸ɴľܾ
ׯֳҲգ749ֲһĲţҪǴһЩص¼߸ǰڳǽǼһ
˵İʾɫһף֪ЩʲôĿġ
ľЦŵȻ֪ǵʵĿʲôĶǵĹȤذɡ
࿼һ£ֵĲţʿԼ飬ǺܴܿôǾȸˣԺŰݷá
ˣһģ̣  ʲô£ҪǽˣѾϱĶˡ
裬ģǹĲţҲ룬Ҳ ôġ
ȥ˵һˣʲôţ
ղˣ˵ʲôŵģȥϰࡣľ̲赣ģ˵ĺ
һƲ죬ģһ֪ܲ㣿ÿȥϰ࣬ҿ̫Ҫ߳Ҳô˺ţҪȻȥң˼Ҳϱ
裬ҿ׹Ůõô˵𣿡
ҿһ˵ˡ
æһʲô
ʱŹһ󿪲ӣȥϱɻ꣬һЩ㡢εģһ ոԡ
ľѾɽǸľˣ⼸ľץ׼ᣬڽóɫ׬˲ǮϷ׵ģûв֪ľӡľֵܵġľ˶ʵ׬ǮõأĿڳ棬ЩʳľûжϹѬ֮£һҲ˲١
ˮҾûˣʦҪҲ֪ģܶ󣬶ûʦ͵ĺóԡ
ϱʦǸɵĸˣ͵Ķ϶
ҲУ裬ȥĺԺãʦ˵͵ĺԺǱߡһ߲ˡˮŹȥ
ϯϻҵʱľ̶ѾĬĬȥĺԺźöѾ˯ˡ
Ŷӽ¥鷿˵˽749ŵ顣
ϯæһ죬һƣһ749֪ģʲô¡
ҾͷˣȥϢ̫ۡ
ţʱӰȽ϶࣬ץѹˣԿճ졣
ϯΏص䣬ţֻͷɢůůĹ⣬ĵһСƻõĺÿ
ӵСɵ뵽ղ˵Ļ
749֣֪ӵĶ֮ʼ˽ռ˺ܶϣҲ˽⵽ˮ°صЩϢԭһЩһȺˣŷǷֶΣɱΡ˽⵽ҹٷ749֣кܶˣǵĹǴһЩ¼
ûеЩˣõϢжϣСӣʵɲ⣬㲻ǿģҲ϶ǰеģҪȻ˼Ҳ 롣
֮ǰϢ̺ʦߵ ǴͺЩûʦпԼĥа޵߲ͬͿֵЩóԵĲ߲ˡˮҩЧԽԽõҩ裬жϡ
Ҹô죿ϯ῵ͳ
˯ûиӦ
ô꣬ףԽԽһ죬СɵӣΣͺӣͷϳ塣
ʮѮľ̶ıûҪ˼ＱҲҪšÿɢһߣ޵ʱ׵㡣
Ů˳ˣ˵ϯ»ûţϯ°ȥ鷿
Աţվ¥ݿڵš
үүʲô£ϯϯ»档
ϯ»Ӷͳһǿô£
ϯ۶̧֪ʲô£
ߣүңҴӱʣһ˵ǱڴǼҵϢһ룬һϸӶ׶ľˣֲܻǼʲôˣ
ѳһۣϼһϵӶתˣҹϱ
ϯῼҵģ
˵ۣѵǸŵģϱŪЩƺҩ򵥣ҿЩˡ˻ǵ۾͸¶͸µ
ϯ»Ҳɵ˽ҹϵ´ճʵࡣ
סϯҲֱӼҪ˵ˣ749ŵҲûš
ϯ» Ʋס˷ܣ˵ж
ϯŵҽһӦÿס
ãϯ»˵Ⱳõһ¾ӣõǰȢؼҡڣǼԺˣĶӡӽ ǰ·̹ǰ;
ϧֻһ̥
ϯῺЦĿһʱһʱյүү̲ǿʤӣˡ
ϯ»һЦֻҪסӣȥЩ͵
Ůɢϯ»ڿЦеôԶ·̶ĻٳԵ
үүҲϢ
һ ˯ҵĲǲǸøүүˣ
һ£ϴθƲһˣУϯῸã¥ϴ̳ӡ
õҪģϯ»Ҳϲ̵Ļݣôһ㣬ǰͷ




92.   92 ͵иͿɿɰġ


֮, ʮ¶ʮţľ̶ϳˡ
ճ緹һŷȥ¥˯¥ϰǰĴ򿪣һ÷, ټϷ, ˯š
ľҲ˵, Ա˾ڰ, , Ȼڶ, ·Ȼȵú, ˵¥ݻзˡ
ָշϷ, ͸оһ, ȥĽŲͣסˡ
һվǶ, ôˣϸ
ԴӶӴ, ѹȵףľ̰Сʱ͵ȥһˡ
, ҸоҪˡ
Ҫ ˣһ, еš
ʲôоæ
оһƤоƤӲĺܡһ¶ƤͻȻˮˡ
żˣһ֮лһ䣬ӣҪˣʲôӣ
ߣȥҽԺȥ׼õĴ
һ, Ժ˾ڡϯϯ´춼ȥȥˣԱˡ
Ҳ뵽¶һţˣ˾ûڼң
Ͻֳ绰˶û˽ӡ
ھܳǲҪˡæǼԱڲڡ
һһϵͳģҲȥȥˡ
û¶ڶӻãҿ
סľȷʵڶӻãʱû⡣˵ҽԺԺҲԶÿ춼Ҫ˶ʮӡ
ϣһڸʻһ·һ㡣ںסһʶ۲ۣ
ľһ輱ͷ󺹡
㰲ȫҽԺ³ֿʼʹ
˲˵λˮˣԼҽԺиҽһ
һԵСʿ͵͵˵ҵиǼǿ
ҽԺ󣬶ϯῴ绰ллأǽˡϯҲû뵽ϳŻûһ쳣ӣˮҪ 
˲˵ʲô˵绰ܣȻеԶһ·쭳ҽԺʱľ̸ձͽû
ҽָëëﲻͣ˵ر˷Ҫˡ
ӣ红ӳǽõء
ҽӣϯῸæʺô
ҽشһжãѺӱš
ϯ´׳۰΢΢ұС־ַ¡
£һѰƸЦ ˻ұš
红Ӷݸһһ΢΢ŵСĶˡ
һղȥԺܹ޶ˣӴҵСԹԣűһһӸ׼ҡ趼һ㡣
ľ̵ĲƳɫе԰ף񻹺á
ϯ֣һۣԺˣ
ҽ ʿһЦԺҲˡ
ƻϸرľ˼ͥҪðʧȥΣգû˻ô
ҽԺסһ죬оûʲôӰ죬ؼҡ
ϯ֪Ҳʲôģҽ飬ȷָĲŴźӻؼҡ
ϯ»Ķûȥ緹ڴԺſӻĳӵˣЦ ǺǵĴȥ
үүȻؼңӻСܴ硣
ϯÿӻ֣ߣԼ߻ȥ
֪˫̥ھһϴЦ˵ŹϲĻһһ̥˫̥Ǽֱ챣ӣ֪Ľ
˵Ϊ˼һӣվԺһӣϱѡ˫̥ʷģһء
ϯҵĳˣϯҵĺþƺòļ۸ͷסϯ»Ұ첻ϴ첻£
ߣҿӰ졢ɶĶҪϯ῾ôӣҪ 
ǣǣҲմմϲ
ϯ»һѻӿЩϼһߣһ֪ǣ͵ۼҺö
ǺǣƲ˵ôʶˣЩֵܴ㡣
ϯ»ʾؼʺ衣
ϯ»˵ٻȥʣϯ῵ϴͼ˳һٷɣúڡ¿԰졣꣬ӦҪģһأʱ˵
һļϰѧϰϯѾұˣӺߺߣ¥ǴǸСڿޣƿһˡ
ľ̰ͷЦĿϯŵĸӻ򲼣һС˵޲Ŷˡ
һ߽һۣӳ׼ңŮʰһֶ
ľתװû˵ˣ
ҲһֱҽУҪи֣ȡ𣿡
үүͰְȡСһûáϯһῴŹԹԵӣСճȭͷձߡ
˵ȡ¶²ˣСоˣӻϵôˣû֡
ЦǰҲϻ鷿ֵ䡣
ֻҪϽǶڻءԭҽԺ͸ȥġ
ӱ󣬼пվΧӤϯɻ󣬿һĻֱֲ֧
Ӵˣ
ϯ»Ŷһۣ㵹ܵÿҿ׼һ֣ȱһǲǣ
үү˵ôġ
һ죬ľӶˣϴľʵӵ֣ûбһ֡
ʲô֪ʶȡ֣춼ϴˣݶ֪ӽɶСûУ
֪ѲľӸǹõļ ֡󶭰һŮȡѡϯӣСôϯСľϣƽƽ
ϯƲ죬ô֣ȡһҳֽ
ϯסܣʾһ㣬Ҫ ȻõӣΪǷһٴ
ϯֻ˿ ϯ˽ܼҵΧӤ߿ܵá
ǰȥϷڶûл
ϴûЩʽһ˿ĵĳһٷ׼˺þƺòˡ
ϯῶ˵ɩҶǺþƺò裬Ҫڸˡ
ɶߵʱֵ㡣
ҿɲˡ
ȥյ͵İҶƣϯɽĸʲôƵġֶ֪ϱģǵҲҪ Ҫץˡ
˺þƺò裬ϯҵǹ ҲóԣһȺĺӣװǹ ųڿͰĻ
ϯҵСŮˣԼǣܵõġ
СѾͷһǸģߣõҵġ
ϯ˽ܼҵӿˣ˵ԡ
СѾͷɵϾͿʼޣ۸
ι̵ľ̿ọ̈̄⺢Ӽҳô̵ġ
ǹǡľץһǣһš
緹һ͸ˡ
ӣϴйһ֮Ե749ֵׯֳš
ϯ´Ӵģ粻ģֻһ衣
ׯֳӣȴСڣ̾һϯҵĲãһ㲻Ҫ ϯῸ˶ҶŰߡ
ׯֳźŸ緹ֵƻȥ
Ȧ˭֪ϯҵز




93.   93 ëë̶


, ˵749ֵˣûϡ
ԣǲϲģ˵ֳ, Ǽλ쵼˵, ҲıԼ־, ô˵еƤ
, ʲôҪֵ, ҲͦһĲ, һ, ҲΪ¡
ںܶ޵߶, Ƕ֮·кôġе㲻һ, ոӡ, 䲻뷷񣬵Ȼܰ͹תΪ
кô, ôܾԶ749ֵʾãһ㲻ԥĽˡ
ôֳ, Ӿͺú, ȥȥ
һС̣ļ£Żڴϡ
ú˯ڴϣһĹųȥ
ĸ¥ˣϯŽȥϱǰϿ飬Сϡ
һ㣬ʱ
ľ̾, ֪ˣȥС̣Ҿ
Ҫŷˡϯ´飬ĸͲʱ顣
˰ɣ¶⼸ڷһץͿʼûСʱǰУֱȶ졣
ĸҲ⣬ȴѾȫָˣŴĶӶѾָ⻬һ۶ûС
ϯῳȥˣšһ飬һŷ죬ȥгͲǻͰŷϡ
һ˿ռ䣬ëëӦǰ
ôѱҸ㿴š
ڲ㣬İְ⼸ʵʱ򣬹ٰæ
Ǻáëëʲôʱؼҡ
ǰëëͺ˵ˣȥϯңȵ·뿪
Ҫ²У췿Ŷܳ塣
ëëƲ죬׳ĸһͷţƵģҪʲô壿
Ҳôã費š̯̯֡
аɣʱһϲëëЦ
ʲôϲ
ߣʱ֪ˡûëëܵɽȥˡ
Ѿʮµˣռ˶ۣʳաûһ½ǣŲũûʳȫͽȥɣ档
ˮȫȻÿˮֻ࣬һáƻֻáֻãǳĸߴ󣬹ӽĶ࣬ճҲĲҪô࣬ʣµһЩƬˮ衢۽ɡ֪Ūһѳ
ʱˣص䣬ϽѷŴ򿪣һͶһͷ
һ㣬̡
ûʲôεѵζһҲϻ๾ںˣһĶſȥ
ϯ῵ļˣʼϰģӵӤƵҡһ˵ϯȥ˯סչ˺ӡ
ϯæܾ˵Ӱ쵽˯ľҲʾչӡһߵʱ򣬻˵Ūʱ
ϰһϯΏصѾϾŵˣ¥ϴûصңֻһˣӺӤڣΪĸﲻĸŪȥˡ
ڶ졢ϯΏؼҶûпӣϢգϯʣ裬Ϻûгǣ
һҡͷ˯ˣûˣû˯ã
ϯ῾òԾɫһΣǴɤ°ھӶѡ
һЦɤŴ˵彡
ϯΏصңӤúõķǵĴߡ
˯ţϱڸι̣ι̷ӤϣԱӺܿ˯ˡ
ϴ§סϱ˯ҹӤˡȷûŵ
ҡϱѣأ
ľ۾ӣⲻ𣿡
ϯһգۣӤúõķڴߡ
ϯҧḷ̌Һú룬ǲʲô˸˵
ľЦŷſؿڣõģú˯Ӻõúܡ
ûΣգ
ûУ㿴Ӷúõġ
ǱȥĶˣ
һõطʮкôռŨ粻ͬն
Ҳȥ
ܡɴľܾںҲСûм䣬ǽȥҲ¡Ǵϯ´ȥʱôȻǷ޸ܺãҲ鱦ռĶȥǵĹϵ
֪û⣬ҲˣǺã˯ɡ
ôɴ࣬ľ̷֣Ͳʺȥʲôطˣ
룬ûкģ˯
ðɡḻ̌˯ȥ
ϯۿֱ۾ôûкģЩ֮ﶼҪ
Ӱչˣ͵ռëëţ赱ļɣÿóԺ˯ȴû׸⡣죬ĸŮ˿Ľ
һϮµİɫ峤ȹزϸϸģ۵ɢȻ˵ĺΡһŮഺõʱ򣬿Ҳû״̬
úõ磬źþƺò裬ŮΧḷ̌һһʣôģֱ̫ˡ
ҲˣµĻ𳵣ơֲڵһƣ롣Ϸ׬˲Ǯ˵磬ȲҫһݿʱȻˡ
һˣǮ׬ˣ˶ӶİҲ˵¡һ⾿Ϊʲô
ǿڿ˼ǿˣ
һ磬ﲻζлĽߧҲˡ¼ˣɫʤ̤ʵĵغã˵ԼúùӣľһССũվڶҪĸ߶ȣһʱζӳ¡
ϯϿ˽ߧ֣жᶼûиϱᡣ
¾ƹгŵɣ˵ȥĺԺö
ʲô
ĺԺгëëû뵽ëëһֻɫè
ľ̵Ļһ顣
Сš
ëëЦǿɲǣҵĹ͡
ľ濴ȻһһֻֻΪͨè
õģ˷ֵġ
ëëظ֤ӺСҹһǺôɶˡ
аɣҪСһ㣬ҪȻϳô죿Сʱëëô󣬶ʮȥˣܻһģһɡ
ëëԼСһȦһɶʮ׳Сè
ĺԺ߲ˡˮ⣬ֻèؼˡ
һ·ϣֻèſڳϣëëߴߴĸ˼磬һ档
Ķֻèһۡ
ʦģҰæһʱ䡣
һҲᶫӴⲻëë̶ɣè˵ëëӣ
裬ëëˣ
ǰɣСëëɫֻ顣
һϲëëıǣүүһڣ
ëëҲʮûһˣȵĴչȥ֡
ëëͳϯҰ仧ˣֻ˯׼èѣϲ˯ͰӤעһʱ䣬ûΣգ
ʱھǴĸµһҪϺꡣ
л׼ң׼˲ٶľҲ׼˲ٿռˮѼ⡣䣬ŵס
һҲȫˡ
ϯῴԱϳȥϺ˵绰ȥӡ
ŴƬƬƮѩ̲ס̾ʱ죡




94.   94 ȫж


ʱٿ, £ľһĿڰᵽĺԺסһĺʱǰԺǽǱȫǸɫݣݺɵ衣
ǰֵѾ֦Ҷï, Ժɰ֦
ӿ, ͻᷢľҵĺԺ, ĺԺͬ, ˵ⰻȻ
ľҶǼҵϴү, ڻǼҵżɹ̫, żľǰïʢľ, ֱֹ, ˵ԺľҲ̫ˡ
ľǸϲ˽ܿռ, żĺ, ϲͬС档
, ľֻҪڼңͺٹ, ӭھӼҵС, ʳ֭ģľҳΪСϲĵط
ʱľڵůһֱţˣһɫĴ󶦣ĹľСϷ֡顢Ϸů͵ĺ, ر
ʱľҲݳݺɣľïǼˡҪǣľҹľ࣬һʱСǶϵĹˮ
ľҲиţúõļôͱ׶԰
ëëȥģġĿӣתָëëȥժǿӣҡ
ϵӣҽ¶ͱӣҳĺ֭ࡣ
شֻһ
ߣȥȥ㲻ȥҽˣҳëëС̫ûվˤ
ëëһۣСԽԽ˯Ӥʱԡ
ëëȥצӷӣҹһݵ
õӣңһƨϣȲ
𰡣۾
ܹƯķɫȹܷͷСһ˦һ˦ģ費׼ڵϣࡣ
Ҽļϴ
ߣҪ衣
ǸƤӣӴ󣬼Ψһµľ裬⻰ˣëëժӣҡ
Ҫӣң֦
Ǽû֦ѽ
С
Ҳԡ
Сܽ
Ժһû£һŻƻΣһѩڷˣ⴩Ҷķ϶ͲĻ۵ϡĺڷϡװɫȹϡ
ʮḷ̌һ绪ïŮϻºʱ⡢²ĺۼ
裬Һ͸֦ҹСħܽ
ľ̲ס̾ԴСµܣʧȥ˶ʱ䡢ɢʱ䣬оӣʱں
ӵԱһС֦óȥԣҡ
ѽЦеĽӹӣеأûȣ֦һЩ
ˣ
СƨƨѹӼ̧һС֦ȥǰԺ
ľ̶߻СŮ˵ûԹȥҡ
ԶһҲţĺԺΰãͬﾭ塢ĵĴүӶϤˡ
ѣϸĶһСŮڼ￴СϣСøϽ󣬺Ͱһÿ
ľϣëëܹ˵ôôڣҼǵСʱɹˡ
ǿ϶ϯǱ߻Ŵģɲҵ¡ľһ㲻ԥ˦
裬衭߿ޱܡ
ˣˣˣΪܳȥ浽緹ëëһĻϡ
ľܽСŮôأ
Сҭŵö࣬ö󣿡
ǼӶûС
ܽǣңÿ£õҧˡ
ǿ϶ǰûغţˣǼû󣬲¹һᡣ
סǣǼҲö󡣡
絽Ǽ棿ǼûС
ãᡣ
Ժӣȥۿʱˡ
ӵ֦ңóһСӣʮţӳԣתȥ
ſʶֲԾǼңͬÿҶв󣬿˶ĺܡ
ëë飬ȥôô󣿡
ëëһ͸ֻǳèֲ󡣡
ץȥô¡
ëëܳȥˣֽ緹ϲ֥ʿࡢ峴ǡŹǡ׷
׷Ҩ룬ëëҲϲԣⴿǿڸ֮
ֻܳȥͦˣźӳ극Żëëȵҵ죬࣬ǣСĺӵò֪࣬ʲôϸء
ḻ̌ȥһңȥһҽԺȾʲôл˵һȥ
صɢĿԵѰѣԲ幫ﶼĸɸɾ
ӣ˯𴲵СǣּеľңСмһľӡٴһҪ͵ѧУȥˡ
ҲˣſľҵСȸߵżϣСһ̣ˡ
ˡ
ںѩˮѽںˮˮ
ܽҲҪȡ
ѽȡ
ľ֪ЩСҪȵˮװʮСľ棬СҲ⣬һ빾๾ͺ껹Ҫľ̵úȡ
СϢ˵ҽԺöСҧˣˡ
æοû
һȺ浽ӣĴ˲½½ӡ
Щʱ򻹸һССʲôģڹأǱһл˼ľҲƴǣˡ
̫ⱣʱķҲι̣ڶߴӷ϶°ʱ䣬Ҽһڴ
ľߺͬĽַĴңһֻҲûҵҲ֣𴲻ܿˮЩطܣȥˡ
ϯ°ſż棬ְֻæܹȥϯһֱһߴߴ˵飬ص˵ˣҧ˺öСѡ
󣬸ϴϯ῵ðͿһ˯ɡ
۾ģְ֣˯ˡ
Ͱְ˯һ˱һӶͯȥǵҡӵ˰ĴϾͿʼڴϱı
ﶼǵɴ棬ϲ׿Ĵ档
˵飬ϯ῵ҪٿȫᣬȾģӡ
ǼҸõģÿһ顣ƻȥתһתһЩ
úչ˺ԼͺӣʱӦûæ
УæģȥԺ衣
ϯ῱һ¶ͷ
Ӵչм䣬һЦӣһһס
Ͱ㣬Ű˯ˡ




95.   95  ѹɻ


ĸ˯˵, ϯѾϰˣ׼õ緹õһ졣
ľЦűŮͶӣϴ, 緹, һ䳤·
Ĵ, Ҫ, ҪСȹ, Ҫ
, ǽ, ӷ, 㿴СѼ, ɰѽ
Ҫ, ҲҪ
ĸŮȦȦʵû, һץǿиϡƲ, ͷ, ۾գֱ𶹶
ľ̾¹һȹڿ棬Ůľǿɡ
ŵ룬ˡ
ӳһ߲ˮѡֻõļѼ廨⡢Źǣװں䡣
ˣʮ㵽˾Ժ洦ü, ŹˮѰİСӡ
ḷ̌ˡ
ϯҵھӡ
ôûȥϿΣ
ѧУ֯ͣμ˶ÿ˱Ͻβ͡
ȻĻ
Ҳæ棬࿴飬͸߿˰ɣ
Цٺ٣֪ء
ϯңҲڳˮЩط󣬿ǻˣЦӭӴ̵СԹԣ̱
̣Һ㡣³ܹȥŶȡ
Ҳ˵̴˺öóԵġ
ӣģôͳǵĹͣ
ӡŮ춼ϲ£ľ̶԰Ѷᵽ
棬ľ̷ſʶܵĻΧȫ
һ˰ֻաһŹкܲףʮ𣬺ӰȡŪ߲ϴãкãһ쳴
ʮһ룬ӶӶˣǻϯ»ҲŻˡ
ˣʲôóԵģϯ»ϱ֪϶˺óԵ
ľ̺ˣЦŵǳռŹ峴ġź
˶ˣ°ѿֲŪӲϵΧһ˷һľӣϷ׾ͿʼԣһҲôι
ϯ»ͷ⺢ӽ̵ĺã˼ҾǼãˣ˻ιⲻǲԵġ
˯ϰߣ緹¥ӲѹӴ·һι˰뱭ˮǸ̺үүټ
ӣųһ·˳⡣򿪳Ŵ³ԱߵСɽһ·ľ̻ȫһ·ѹȥ֪ﻯΪ촷ۡ
裬ܲܳԣһɫĢ
ܳԣţξ
ŶҡСĢߴߴĸֻСȸһ
ƬĲˣĢҲһӣһֱһɽؼҡ
ؼԶһ··ϵһ顣
ϸӳţξһըһȣһ̰ϺһС˳ԵġԱ˯ˡ
ϯûл׼Ҳûϣźϴϴ˯˯֮ǰְѷԲһ顣
ΪŪһ飬ǼΧûǼԽԶĵطԽ࣬Ǹܹġ
һ磬ľ̸𴲣Ϊļҵĺӹ棿
ã749־ֳ㡣
ľ̵ͷվѾһׯֳ
˽һˮʲô£
Ҳӣæ󣿡
󣿡
ׯֳЦŵ쵽죬ΪģԲȥľԺҲˣҪ˵ǿطѶҲ
ľЦϢͦͨ
ʵҲڿǣߵôһطޣҪҷЭĸࡣ
ȥ⿴ȷʵϾΪҵһԱҲæҪǵЭ
뽲Ҳûϵôɴࡣ
ҪɻͿշеķɻһңȻԽԽáľ̿ˡ
֪749һֱڹע⼸꣬żܷΧ749ֵѲߡҲţǲ˵ٷ֮˽⣬϶Ҳ֪һ
ôɣͲ±¶һ749ֺϣпռڣҲǲµġţǰˣĿǳˡ
ûжʣȥϢһСʱҪĻھĵһû
ľ̵ͷΧҲµһЩҲ׸ǣҿԴӿԲ幫ҵڿȥƻ·÷ԱҰǼƻ·С
˱Ȼǿ۹벻Ѿܴﵽǿȡ㼤ֶڷôһˣڹ˵Ƕһɱ
ľŤͷ㣬ϹЦȴĿ䣬ֻҰ£Ҳ֪սҵߵĺ
ׯվһõװģΣЦŵȻֻƽȵĺϵ
ľĵͷҪľ˭Ҳƻָʹ
ǳԹ𣿡
˵ͷ
鷳һ£вˮԼ֡˵껰ط𴲡
Ӵ·ܳİˡ
Ӵ󣬡˭ѽ
ׯЦݿ䣬ְѣԽׯ塣
Ŷׯáֿ㡣
ˣӳһЦԼ
ǿϴֳԷľ̶緹ࡢţ̡Сӡ弦š
⣬۾ˣϴ֣Թ¡
裬Ҫ⡣̵ָļš
ȰѼˡüŽǵС
òּۻۣĳͼľǳԼšʵҲпһ顣
źóԣӳԵ㣬СŽŶˡ
ׯĶһۣû뵽˵ײеѷֵĴУڼġ
رдкӵģϱһӣһ۵Ķ˵ʵ̫ˡ
󣬿ܵԺ棬ľ̵㡢ׯĵ棬ϯῴһ绰չϵ绰ǰԺһȺСߴߴֵúܡ
ľ̶һСȥһһһͰҪŶǸ
е㲻ˣḷ̌Ҳѽ
ѽǽҲҪŶ
ŶǺðɡȥм档
һһȺԶˡ
̧ͷ裬裬ǽȥѽ
ǽȥǰְ֡
ŶְϾû
ñһ˿һɫĶͯСˮһɱ׼šǣǵֳˡ
ԼĳʻׯĺͿ
ָ·һСʱ˾ľûǵʱѾв˵ţϯҲڡ
ӱϯῡ
ְ֡Сˮһһߵĳϯܹȥ
ְ֣ôû㰲˯أˡ˵ŻһڡҲ󣬱ϯ῵ڡ
׹׹ȥϯһĿˮϯӲˡ
˰ľóɾϵĿˮ
ϯῼҵģ߹һͷ׵ˡ
ľ̿ݽĳ쵼Ҳֻܹ֯ܺһ䣬֣á
֣Ը˽ķԱǸʮСӣмܳɫǶƷԱϣܺú
¶֪ľֻ749ֵ㡢ׯģϯΰԼ֣
ϻ˵ϷɻɣٶȿƵĺܵͣմϵĹ滮Ʊһ飬Сʱ󣬷ɻء
һȺ˼Ŀ·ɻֱһĴڡǰ˷ֲڳط͹Ϣ˵󶼲ˡ
裬ҶˣǻؼҡϽܹ
ˣмϯῸιһɣˡ
ḻ̌ź߹ֳ֣ǽȵ
㡢֣һúãȵ֧Ԯ
̫ˣԾơ
ΨһͷԵģǽԱ֪űһȦʲô壬ڼʲô




96.   96 ³λ


ϯҲûлصλ, һӻؼҡ
һϵͷţҲ۵ģһصҾ˵ҪϢſڴ, һ˯ˡ
ϯ÷, ˯, һ, ŵĹ,  Է
, ľһ˯Ϧ,  оѪˡ
,  Ժǰ Ժûˡ
, ڳ
ľߵ, үء
ʲôóԵģ
Ļش𣬡 
ҿһ,  ϯߦ Ƥ
𣿡ҪһͲ㡣
ˡ
Сʱ󣬵һ , ϯ῰ĸľ , ĸ ľˣŰ ͿУСıһ죬æĴ
ϯæż Ǵһٳԡ
ǼеӣϯЦüĿ֮, ȫᡣ
ľҵ ䷬ѼԱ㣬һϯԺһϯǿա
ְ֣ ǿǺѽ
š
ǽʲôѽ
ְֲ֪
ԺͽСǰɡ
á
ľζԻЦˡ
ϯһ֣ʾ̫
Ϣ˵ӣźӻ˯ëëȥ˳ǽһ
ëë棬ưܵĳ滹һ˿΢ ȵֵĸ ӡ
ó ӡǣһ˿ ɼ񣬳Ԫ ۳
û뵽仹Ϊĸ 
ҲǸ ֻǵ˸ ĸ Ѿⷽˡ
̾Ϣԭˡ
 ֵܼҲǿԺõģˣ ǵԪ Ҳǿ󡣡
ĻĬ㹻Ҳز
ľҲĬˡ
ǰ аսͿ̿ʮĺƽ٣ۣҲɢް
ľһҹû˯ǿŸ Щ 飬Լʲô
ϯ緹۾˫ûһ˿˯⡣
Ȼ 䣬ȫͿԷһⲻ кôҲƾջƽط
ϯŽľ̿
ôˣ
ˡ
㣿뵽ˡ
ǵһ¡ľһתϯ῵ǰʧˡ
ϯգգۣȷʵûˡ
ţſվ˼ӣţӴ
ߣȥ㡣ľ֡
ϯΏӲߡ
ǰ Ժ ģȥ
ľ ˣ㡢ׯĺλ֣
ľͬ־ϣ ܰǣҶȹѹء֣
һˮæû⣬һ
˵
ľ̰ˣһҪ޸һưܵĳڶҪùȨҪÿһȥĵطһǰĸĽҲԣģͳйأȥ㻹Ը
ľ˵꣬ ֣ׯһֱⷽ湤ﻳͳʲôϵ
ߣǳˣ
㼤ģ֣̲סʳڡ
ׯæԣǰ ǿǿۣǲܹٷ棬Ҳ⡣
ϣ侲ҺûѲʵʳڡ
ľļƻ֮࣬ԭûָձЩٷý壬ܰⶼԤ֮ڡ
ǵһҹ֮ʧһ֮ ʲôо տ϶вʱ˳Ŀġ
ղż֮ǰ ͳԼãѸų µ͵طǱһĸ ӡ˼ǱƬˡ
û飬ϾȻģҪȻܾɢؼˡ
ųĳŵҪġ
ӦˣŻ̸С
Լã749 Ѹ٣޸óǽ ƽҵĳϣĵ͵ùȨͺӡĵͷ
ɣµĳڶȥľ̵͵͵Ѹ ӡá
ںԺϾ˼ҵѣҲ˼Ҹϳȥ£ƬطҲҪֻҪ
֮ǰ ȫռɰƴĳСԺȫ͵طĳ 
ֵĳͻȻ龭ķͣȥĵ磬еõϢ ֽǮл
ԴԴϵͨ ӡˬмֱԭط
ëë֪ôһ£תȦû뵽 Ȼռȵҽ飿
ʲôռȵҽƲһۣó˵׻佱Ůлл
˼Ҵ˳ŵҲ ˵ڶͰԼȥˣȥϺ㶫ȵطȻȥСУǰ Ʊɵķ Աרû
ϯҪû취ʹżȫܣһһߴΡ
Ϻ ȥҡľҳٷ궭үү̶ǿʮˣľүүľѾʮ ˣǺܾÿĸ˽ȥ乫԰ˡݳȵȣӹңĺ 
СһĸȥˡͰһһ̫⹫̫ţĸ˹Ц
ݵͣһ죬ڶȥ˽ϵȵطһ·ȥֱһºƻؾǡ
ദһ£ר÷ Ա²ʲôĻǼֱ 
˱ ؼң㣬 ңҲῪɻһῪֻҪܶľûҲῪġ
Ŷһۣ壬 Ὺ𣿡
һҧȥѧ
ḻ̌Цˣԭ Ҳһˣ ȥϢȻ㻹ۣǾ鷳ǻؼҡ
ĵͷϼʻӴӾûһ·ĺԺ߿
˵طӱ ǵ ͽݣҪߣľ̽ס
ȥһЩ߲ˡˮһ͸лһ¶ չˡ
û뵽յһߡ
ϯûڼң칫Ҵһ绰Ǳ˵ϯῳȥˣ˯
ڶȥԺû ĺ 
ϯҳ緹红 ͻؼˣ¥ȵĻţŻؼ˯һ𡣶绹£˵ȥ
صһͣã˵СܹȥĶˣͰһ ҪС齲
˵һӴؼ˯ ҿͰ棬̸ ׼Ŷģɺóˡ
ȥԹ۵Ĵ бۣ̲סˮæͷ




97.   97 ¹


ľһж, ϵĺôǿüġϯʮ겻 ְͣλǿ϶ѣνľ̽뵽漸λеߡ
¶ ϯر˵ϯ»ҲϻǶϢ, ߳ȥ, ˭ άһ  ĹϲĲ , ľûв õĻ 
ϯ»⼸촺, ʲô˳ صظϺľҹ˸绰 , ͿһŮ, Ů,  ľҽ, ϯҵĸ ȵȡ
ϯ»ʲôƯ ˵ó, ľ ȴеⲻ סˡ׼ү̫ ˡ
ϯ» Ͽ , жҲ Լ, ľĹײ͸ľڡͣ Щ, ˵, ײĹײģٷƣ˼ײ 
յײĵʱľүүľľɲ ˣǻ˴Ǯˡ
ײĵĵڶ죬ϯ»ִһ绰 ȥ˵յûС
ľֻ˵лĻ 
ľ̽ӵ̴ĵ绰 , ֱ°ͣ͹ײĲ ɻ䣿
ɻɶɽֻҪ ģ׼ٲģǼ ˵һ   ȣرϲ˯ײġ˵ˣϯүүôõٲģɲ ҡ
ľˣô󣬵һθܵ  Ĳ ͬ
ûɣֻǸͨ иײķţ϶Bûš
УүүȻǾ°ɡ
ҵ绰 ľȥɣ߹յļڣҪһЩɼԣҪһЩ͸㡣
ɵͬʱԶתһʮСʱ ͣͨ ӡݹ֮ԤУη粨ܽڣıĺô
ëëⲽ޻ԡ
ãһ㿾ôˣ 㿵棿
̫˯ˡëëϣȥ˳򣬺üһѾˣ պգصҴ ˵л㡣
ľЦǲ ˣҲռ˺ô
֮ľ̳ұֻ֮Ҫ΢еף֪ϯҵ ϯҽãʹ  ϣҲ ͻ
Ͼľ֣ÿδִѵľԮ󣬶Ӱǲ 
ʮˮϯ½749־ֳ ȾŰڶξֳׯĴľͰ Һ塣ضɽѣľڰӿ룬һ ֮ȫ ʿѹħ
ԴִʱԶǱǸʵı۰
ϯ»ϯԶ  µľϱϯҽһУҲ֤ϯҵڶȨġ
ϯ󾭹ʮĻۣΪ ʵϽһùˣȻɲ ˴󽫻Ԫ˧ĶﻹŬһ¡
ϯںڲ̤ʵʮΪڲϯĳɾҵ ͷȣǣߴţ򻪶ܾˡڵͣ˵һã¾ö Ϊ ò ЩĶǣҲ
ϯھϵĲ ܷϣʮ꣬ﵽһĳɾͣΪ һϽ
ϯΰϯһ  ڱΪ Ԫ˧ʱﵽ۷塣
ϯ»һٵ ǧ֤꣬ϯҲɲġһٳһ죬´˵һΨԸ̩
ʱ̨µġ Сû ˵Ǽٻ  ϯ ļ壬ʲôģֻб ǵġ
ûãϯ»УҪ͵ ̤ʵ£
Ѿٱˡ
ϯ»Ȼഺḷ̌ЦŵϯҵĶ ϣϯҹĳ졣
ľЦŻصһĺܳ죬үүȥɣһῴǵġ
ϯ»ϴЦ 
 ȥϲɥʱϯ󡢶Ҳˣϯͷٰϲ¡һ죬ϼͷ ˢˢϯңүͱ
мλ쵼ѡ ٵʱһ㣬ľ̳棬 䣬ͳȥ
ϯүȥľȺ˶үү̡үү ̣׿ ڡ̷ ڡ ǣȥıǻ磬һĶˡ
ϯүȥѾǶʮȥˡ  ڣһϯϯҲ˽ӵ͡
ľ̶ûʲôҪϯϲƣѧ˽ƣϯϲ⣬ͳǮ
һֱûЯһ һֱš
ϯ ÿܴ绰 ӡŮ߻飬ľ̶ŴڻڣϯʮˣһŮ꣬ϯʮ꣬һ꣬ˡ
Ҫ֪ϯѾСѧˡ
˿ ˵ӽˣϱ ˡ
ľЦȰŶܱ꣬ȻڶϯӵĺӾͳˡ
ϯӺӵ򻪿żʮɵϱ૵ôͲ أ
һѾʮˣȻˣɳڵĵƤͷİͷ΢΢ıڸ߱ Ǹ̫̫ʵ
ľ߹ЦɩұС˿ʮ꣬ҵͣ˵ 㻹ϡ
Цϵ΢΢仰 οĻ ˡ
֪Ҳ֪
ʱǲ 赲ģĳ ҲĶŮﱲ
裬ʲôأϯ߽Ѿʮĳ 
ľڹ߳ϲĻ£ûʲôǲ Ǹˣ
ϯһȣݣʲôݣҿҰܹʮꡣ
ľ̾ ˡ
ϯתͷݵ ˵ˣϯͻȻҲãˡ
ûκ Ԥףϯ῾ύ롣
Ȼ񻹱׳״ֱ̬ݾ ȷʵѾʮ ˡµʱ䣬໨һʱ
ϯ῵˴𣬲 ݶ Ϊ ʲôݣλ쵼صزһľҡ
ľ̷ԸϯӸһĲ衣
쵼ЦŵһǸȥϯүӣүҺһ裬ζǵá
ľЦʲôȻϯӸؼƷ
쵼ЦҾȴ֮ ˡ
 ڻºһ裬Ϳ  ϯҶԱš
·ϣΪ 쵼̾Ϣ ֪Ժ󻹺Ȳ ôõĲŶ
޻ص䣬 û˵ݵ ϯʣʲôʱɽ壿
ḻ̌ һ㾪ȣô֪ɽ壿
ϯ῵ôķˣ㶼² ǾɷĲ ְ
ľЦĸ첲 ڣڿǴԪ˧簡
ߣʮ꣬ ꡣ
ľЦ ޣң׷ޡ˴˳ȫһ
ϯݵ ֵ֣׼ܿƽϢ
ڶ죬ͷףȻװġεׯ ֱǲ Ҫ뿪ˣ
ͷںɵḷ̌һЦȻŮζҲҲҪ ˣⱲӺȵһˡ
ׯĵһ裿ǲ һƣʶʮ꣬ûкȹһơ
Ըľóһ̳ƣ ͷɱׯľãһ̾Ϣһˡ




98.   98 ƾɽ

ɽѾǲǵɽˡ
ʮľӡľ׬Ǯ, һǮһɽĹ·ʱ칫ɽȰǰɽƵɽ ǲϣִ·
ʮȥ,  ·ĺ, Ȼʹá
ϯ῿ ӺСŮ, װɽӡ
ͣľҵԺ, ľԿ׿ š ҲǺ޽, ӵĸͬϵСԺ, µ, ԺһС
СŮСŹס, ,  ѽ
 Ҳǵļѽ, Ժסòѽ
ͷſÿҿʺ𣿡
, ÿ쿴
ľһѱСŮһ ƿ, ϯ῰ѳ⡣
, ϯӡϯû֣û뵽ŮǸʺģϰʱ壬Ȼһúⷽ磬ԺҲһС
뾩ʱϯͰ 
ϯͣóľ̰Ѻӵݸ, ȽԺһһŴ ȥĵطһྻ£ûһ˿ҳ
߳סһ䣿
㰲š
ŤҪ أϯ῰СѾͷԺһȦͷ϶ˣţסˮ
ãġ
⴫ϯȥš
һȣۿ˰Σ̰ɣ
壬ҡҵأʮ׳ Ѿһˡ
ѽ㣬ûУҶöûŶ
ûأ죬궼ꡣ
úúáظ˵ĺܣҼҺȾơ˵ŹȣΡΡˡ
ľľѾǸ϶ˣڽǮλѾ׷ǰﶼˣǿҲйĲˡ
˵ŮҪɽסҲԥʰ׼ɽ峤סһ̯⣬Сϡ
˵ҪǴ󷿵ľͶľڴʵҲɷ ЩѾָˡ
ǰľӺľڶصɽӣϯ῿ȥӵġ
ľڳϣǰԽԽϤķ羰̲סľߴߴ˵ʱֵܴϻ 飬Լǽһޱȡ
ľʹеԼΪ˼Һһ˵ǽһϯ῱Ķۡ
ľ緹ǵŮ㣬ϰʮˣڵΪ
õķţҡࡢհסãǾ͵ˡ
ľ Ů̲סۿ㿴ҹŮôÿϧۿžˣҹŮŶ
һһۣŮСӦõġ
ľҲ ˣľ̵ ̾ѽǼǺÿ
ľ̿Цã㣬֡衢塢 Ů㡣
Ӵ ǰҵĹŮѽѽ̫Ŷû׼
ľ̽ ˡ
֪ˣС˺󣬻ȥ̫ţСһ˵̫ţ׼˺öóԵģϲԻϧûǸԣòѽ
һü ЦֱͷУǸͳԡ
ľӡľӻصɽӣûͽˡľҲСʱԵ⻹ҪȥɽãֱӾóһ㲻ڣһľһҲȡ
ôȫ⣬һţţɡľӲ
ɶţ⣬ҧ𣿡
ľӲˣôܣһڵֲʮأԶС
һҲ˵㣬 ôȫЩˮˮֻԣ㡣

Уϵ ţǳմ졣
ĵͷ
ľƿ ھȥʰ죬 㣬˼ʮˣһ֪ܲô𣿡
ḻ̌ȥϯ῿ĸˣš
Ҫ˵ľǵ壬ʱͱŮСĵţľﻹϯүӶܻһ꣬˵׼ܻһٶʮꡣ
ľҵ죬óɹ˰£˷Сȫˡ
ȵϯӡϯˣľľľ衢ľľӢӺ漸½ϵƽʱŻԺӱ
Сֵûͣ СȱԴϲ档˵ȥ ꣬ͦԸ⣬˵طŷ֣öܱãķ档
һ͵ľŴһȺȥɽҫǼôҰľ
ľҵСӣСǵүүʽܲһǿҲ壬ľһ˵Ұڹ꣬
ҵĴӲĲ𴩶үүװû
ҹݰڲ ӶڵԺˣźӣԺ涼ȡů ʱ䣬ӡСӶһ˾һˡ
ͦӣһӡͦ͵һΣǵ λᣬ ξͲ֪ʲôʱųԵõ
Ƕ֪ùüҵĶóԣÿιյĹùüҵ񶼱ǰǾܳԵһ㣬лɲ
˵ʮˣѵҪ ֵĸιҲ̫ˡ
ǶϯҷҺһСʷɶȱ˹ùüҡ̼ҵĺóԵġ
ľӿһˣֵľ˵ɽطţֻ۵ֵ һתۣ ôˡ
ľӵͷɲ ӡϱӡŮģʮˡ
ľࡢҲŶﵽɽӣһֲᡣ
Ԫڣľҵֲˣﶼ˳бԼǰ̡
ʣľӺľڣľ̡ϯῺŮ㡣
ֺľӡľֵͺͻڵϸǶȥӱߵ㣬촵ԼͶֵǮһҲû
һľпڵŪ߲ˣƽʱŶ˸ᣬɴںɽһۣ˴ǮԼеǮ
һľ̵ͷӦϯȥ
·ݵʱ򣬱ɽİɽϣһ죬һĨʶ
Ҳܷɣָ£ͻһ㣬˵ı˵ʱ򣬲ʺԽԽɵӲ֪ʺɫ
 ǺӵȤڣһҪ ϣ˯ĸСһСѾͷշ𣬴СѾͷɽȥ
һ˹ԼڿУ˷ܵĴСһ·ɵߴͣڰա
Ŀֻ֮ǧӿ ǽ ĸ߾ɽ£׳һĻͣС
ľ̶˵㣬Ŭһ죬Ҳ ׳ɽ 
սСȭͷһҲ ô
öѾΪ֮ףԶҲΪôˡ
ľɽʮ꣬˵˶İˡ
ϯȥǰһϣһ𣿡
Уһα˵
˵ģ
ϯߺľһȥ˱ɽҲûгӵС˵ľ̿϶ȥɽˡ
ľߺżһ˻صɽ壬ȥɽϵһ㡣
һ ɽؼҡ
һ죬һС ܹƵ˻ľͷµɽߴϷӿ 󱻵£ӿƲ㼤˳
ţööǰҲվڿп Ļǧ׳ɽź 




99.   99 ׯԺ


һ
ȫ, йһλȫÿĹע
ϯľ
ϯϯһ֧ܼѬգСȰ滭, ʮѾǶСšټϯȫʮż, СڴڵĹעг
, ýͱŷĳҵĵһСԱ, ȳɼ, һ˾ͱ, ȼǵӳ̶ȡ֮, ýôġ
, ֪, ŷǸС, ˽ ûٳżмι棬ûɫ
ϯҲû
ļ帻ɵй,  ǿôʣĿһСҵ˼
ΪӲʵ, С, ҲӲҶڳ
ϯűľ˵Щ۲ʶˣ᲻᲻һ뵽彾û˴Сһڽ䣬Ц
ľ̾˵үүӲҪʲôͲʺҡ
ľϯ һ֧ľλ֮, ϯҺ츳ˣԸľ
ľϲľܸĵģ ϯĳһ츳ĺմɽݾУй ز쵼ϯ֤Ч
ľʧԭɽӵĶɽ Ǿסɽӵرϯȫ ĽľҵݣɽĵҲֻľÿչ
ľ 츳ˣСɽ峤
ϯ͵Цүү϶ǱһĴˣ˵λӲʮŽ飬ĺһ츳ģҪȻүүһҪϴˣ һû˱Ϊľˣүүÿ
Ҳ̫ż˰ɣҲŶ󣬷䶼
ϯЦѽȥ˵ܿ˳ۡ룬ľλڣ˵4ʶۼϯڣʮͶ飬ʮͽ飬Ѹ١
ľֲˣӣױŶţһϮɫױ ͱϯרֳ
ǵĲ磬ֳ˶һˡ
йϯϯС㡢ľС㵽
ϯ˵ˣһڶŹҵʿᡢ쵼΢Цǰȥӭӡ
ŷСŵװõĴӣס զһɶׯʵﲻס˵ϯ񻵻ͲףһǧôȵùҪ֪Ůĺѡˡ
٣񣬺þò
ϯһЦȥкͬѧѷСӡ
þò˧ϯ
ѷһ ᣬģй˵С
ϯЦʮ߰ŮЦ崿ˡ
ϯǸ󷽵ˣҲʮں罻һͳ
ľԾԼģһط ֳˡ
һľ˶ûеģһ˫ʶ ˵۾
磬СϯǸϺϵС˶ԶСõλ  ˾ǰзڡ λСҪСıڻˡ
 Ӻʽʼ
𣿡
һװվľǰ֡
ľһ ˣ ϽϽģֱһСˡ
ľ룬ֽء
˻ܣ λܣӢռ壬ᡣͦѵõģỹܻ쵽̶ȡ£ ϶ ˵Ľ Ǽ 󱲣ͿԲµһ
ľʣգ
ܴ𣬡ǣ֪ׯԺ𣿡
ľͷ
Цλڽׯģ˵һδȢһֻĺˣһֱŲ ˵ºã͸ȡܡ
ľ̿費й˰ɣ
ܵǻᣬѧĲá
ֲá
ľԼֻһûʲôýܵġ
˵֪㣬ľգϯҼһ յһص㡣
û뵽֪Լյĳľе㾪ȣʲôص㣿
ر𣡡
ľϸϸ׽⣬ɲر
һľɿ֣ȴţϲˡ
ľһ ô 㣬֡
ֵ滨԰ܾҷ ҺǸׯܣ ֻ
ľ죬ҲĻ
ҿˣǺɫġϵ´һϵĺɫȹ
ǵĳˣϳˣܻԭĿ
ľŤͷ濴ȥӰԽԽС
ѽ˵Сף ôСʱҵˣϯһԡ
ľɫһ죬ѽǣͻعˡͼˡ˵Ļһã
ߣҪϲ϶ġ
ľԭû룬ϯ ôһ˵ڶ쵽ʱ̲ס ûܡ
ˣһЦ
Ϸɻҵλ ͬһ˸кþò
ܡ
ľˣҲûá
Ǹ ˣ ԼľкøСϻؼңϲĸ߸ĸ
¸ûϲȥ׷ܳ˲֮
ĸһϲĵϵ۰Ȼҵĺתɷװģ㿴Ҹȡá
ܶ¸ϲǸŮϯңľ
¸е죬ȻЦͦãׯҲ汲ǼʱŸүүĸ£ ֪ׯҵĺȢľҵĹҲܸˡ
ˣ¸뵽һ飬Ҫĺľǹˣǵȥׯլȡһׯ ġоϲŶ
һΣ Щ¶
ׯʶ˼λʱ˼ɷŮȫɣ ׯԺأ
˼ɷ򱻴ŶǺá
Զˣɻأûؼң˳Ͼ׼߹ܼңհݷá
ľǸ׽ĵˣһֱΪֻһʱĶԶˡ
ʱԼţԷ֡ݳʱҲԼڿȵꡢ ЩطоһЩĹżŵԹǸæġ
 ʱһͦõġ
һׯܸĹ˾ѾŲڣԺиʱľʲôû˵ЦŸһӵ
Դ˺ľׯܾȥϯҳԷϯҵıһ棬ҲͬׯܳΪǵı÷
һ죬ľһľլլסһ¡
صǽˡ
ǽڶ죬ܴźĸĸȥׯլĸȲ뿴 Ķ
ĸĴߴ һεóľĽ֤լ̧֤һľӡ
ӣװ ̳ӣһš
дţˣ
һҿŵʱҲģ
ĸһʧ
ׯ˿һһŲʦ⡣
ľ֪ׯĵŲҲ̲סЦȾƻףľլиƽѣ ȥȡ
§סǵĲϸĲƣţҲˣ

ᣩ





100.   100 ·һ Ԫ½


ϯȥ, ľסһסʮꡣ
ʮ䣬Ŀռ Ũһһ, ëë˵ڿռ Ũ,  ͿԪ½ҵؾ ˡһжҪлС
ռҩ Ŀռһٶ , һЩֲҩ , رǰɽС, Ʒϳˡ
ڴݵ֧, ͻͽ
⼸ʮûĴ, רĴƬ , 鱦ռ ڱΧ һ , ǰɽɽһٶ  , ֲֲָҩݣҰ
ʮǰ, ͻԪӤ󣬸оⷽų⡣
ëëĻ,  ǵ ǿ,  Чȫ һܿܵ򿪿ռͨڣȥԪ½
 ûʲôǣˣȥԪ½ʦ޼Ҳһ£ һٶ ûʦˡ
˾ʮʱ оռ󷨣һʱ 仨ѧϰߵѧ, ˳㻹ѧһѧȵȣʮΣգʦµȫ 黭˴
 ͵ ͿԪ½֮ĽڴƽڲȥԪ½
޼Ҳ뿪ġ
ɴľ̺ëëҪһЩʲôһȥأ׼Ժû ˡ
ľ̷ʮûõпϸ֪ܲá
ȥɽһֻ󶨺ãá
ľ̴ëëʼռʣʳëëϲʳһһʳĲ ռʳ ĵģʳû ûʲôˡ
ȻǸֻȵȣҪһЩ鼮ѧƵȣһ꣬ͨǰ е鼮Ʒȫ  һ飬Щǵ Ľᾧ
ռӡö ǰȫ ڵ ޽ӻ⣬ Ǹ飬Ҳڿռ䰴߹޽һ⣬ڲ©ȱû©ġ
Щ֮ȥʮܸͺŵķɻл˵ȵȣ ʦóЩһȤ
Щ֮عڣ˳ȥϯ լ˿ϯҵҵ ﱲˣӶ á
˳·ȥ˳ЩһֱյԴԴϵҪллصĳŵ
һ Ҫˣ
ľ̵ͷ˸ߵʱ ˡ
Цŵ ҲãⷽĹ£˶ ǡ
ٴ˵ԼԺҲ һֱЧ濴ءľЦˡ
ӳֱУתۼصɽ塣
ڵɽȫ  ľңⲻﴫ ľңϯҺӵܣľľҡ
ǹ׼ ľ Ȩ
ɽĽ Ӧøʲô
ëëóԵİɣɶȱ
ľ̵ͷľұ߿Ĳƺϡ
ְصľҺ˺ϯҺ˿һˣΪԼ۾ˡ
ľһת˾Ŀɿڴǵڣ
ģ
ڣ
ľ ⣬Цұ Ժʳɡ
æͷڣļң˵㡣
ḻ̌СᶺЦˣ˵ע£һ֣ļĶƺΪɻóһЩ ܴһһۣо󽫲Ҫʯ
о˵ľ󣬾  ʯ 㣬ڵ ĵ Ҳˡ
һ £ ϵۿɼѸѿ󡢿
ľ̻ͷˣƬ ʱ  ͸ٱɡ˵죬Ҳˡ
˻ΪԼˣһ  ۣܳġ
һ˼ȥ ﾾһƹϣҧһڣµ֭Һŷ۵Ŀڸղܣ껹ԡ
һסˣϽϵ ߡ
 ߵϯ˼ǰյ ߵĵ绰˵ϯһʮǰ˺д֧һ֮ѵ 漰ڹ  лû鵽Ϣ
ϯһĵϯ ʮˣС˵飬ûϣֱյɽ լĵ绰żˡ
ĪǣĪ ڳɽˣ
ϯһ绰 ڱ֧ȫ  ϣһɻȫ  ȥɽ塣
СһƬʳ ȥڵ֧ˡ
ɶ˵һСϽ㿪һƵ¼ġʱ ʹĵ㿪
һȺ˿ƵĿɿڴһС ⣬ģ
Ȼģ Լ¼ģ㿴Ƶ顣СƵ¼ʱ 䣬 Сʱ ǰ
ϯ¼һ ûԵڵ ڶ ӷһ ϯԶˣСǼ־ﰡ
ؼǣ ڿôᣬһгɡ
ľ  Ҳˣһ츳ľƵҲƲסĵļүү¶ ͸¶ȥ
ϯµͷ˶ȷϯҵ ڻڲڣһЩر ŵ˶ г˵ţϾ˶١
Ƶϣ ǳҪˣ¶ ͸¶ȥ
ϯһ 㻥СóĵԣֻһٲŵүүģƵ ȥ
ϯŵĲŷһ㣬Ϊ˱ լϯҲԼǣܱߵɽҲһֱ ŷصʩ
ϯ̧ͷǰһ  
ϯ߹ȥժһҧһڣϸϸζүүǰڻ߲óԡ
ϯº棬ϯҵСĺܣƽʱ װĵܲá ɶĸ߶ʿ  Ҳ˵Ĳܽ˵ ￴ϲľͳԡ
ϯ¼š
 ô죬ϯ ģ ӡ
 Ӳ˵ 
껹벻ԡ
Ĺʱ £ϯ լסһ£ЩʳŷرľŲ³ ڲõЩ󷨵ãϯ¶ ˵ȥ ĲҲóȥֻ լ
һ꿪ʼϯ˼ȥ ȥ լĵ Ͷ¶ Ҷ⣬Ͼô óԵĵءˮ
˶ϯҵʳ棬ϯ¶ͣûũҩԼֵĵȻȻĺóԡ
Ϻϯļ֪һϸڰ⣬˭Ҳû˵
죬ľ̻صɽϣһ㲻ԥİ 봫һ׹һӴƬ ʧ
***
Ԫ½ɡ
һȺ ƮƮŮ׵ġġеģȫ ŷܡ
ʦ֣˵ŷʮȫ 
ǰϧ ȥ롣
 㻹õģ 붼û
 ϧˣʮȫ ҩȫ  ǵҩľʦġ
 ɲǣŷĴ˵Щݣ˼궼û
Ͻģŷʦ˵ܲ Ѽ
ɶܲ
ˣ϶Ǻö˵
ʦ˵
Ԫ½ңҲֻۡ
˵ĴԼƽƽɣʹԪ½СֻҪ 󣬴 ԱٹȵΪץʱ ʳԵ١
һȫ  ȥԷ¶ ֻɼ 
ңһеҩ塢塢Ĵڣû˵רһŷ壬޼ӵ صԪ½ŷʱ ûɳЦ
ڲ ŷɽͷ ġ
ľŷɵĴʳá
ԴǰڵԪ½Ӧ޼ ɣ˵ҩķһ ⡣
ͬ ĺö ʦֵܶڽǻһ ٵĿĵ Ȼ ʱ ԪӤ ˡͻ꣬ϲġɣֻһʿԸ š
¶ Ӳ޼۾ֻܹԹ̹ˡ
֪һٶľ޼Ҳиĺ Ȼܲ䵽һ顣Ҫ֪ߵʱ   ˡ
һЩе ޼ϲЩİ£޼һΪԪ½ʦ֮һ
ĴǵĻԪڡڡ콣ںڶûʦһĴ֮µڵ ɣȻһʦ¶ һ꿪Ԫ½ͷš
̣ΪʦƵĳܳ޼ չʾ
Ҫȥŷḻ̌޼סľεĻͷ
ɧɫܳ  ̫ʵðȻ ϵͳĳ ѭϵͳֻǲ̫˵㣿
޼īʻ ܳ ÿλ   ͱ˾һ㲻˧ 
ʦ Ȱ һŲţֻҪ㿪ȥʦϹŲţ
ᣬʦŴʦ浽ʦʦǣٵͬ ʦʦ㣬ë
ʦ˵ģɲĴе̣öϽղⶼǲƸ
޼һ룬ǲڣ Զһ㣬 ͷͲ֪ˡ
ûзɻ鼮 һ Ҫоһ¡
õġΪѣֱӳ飬һŷܣ֪ŷʦûиˡ
ôӵĵӰͷϲԼȥŷѡԼԵģогԷʽ
ŷϵãŵɵʱ Աٹ裬ԼһЩԵģһʱ ·ҩŷӴ˺ŷķҪһЩˣһȥĹϵͺˣ˺óԵĻǵ һݡ
˵ŷķǸܳŴˡ
ʦСŵӣĴʦ ˰ٶ ˣŵɣʦʦ㶼չ֪츳ʦͳ쵤ҩ塣
˵ͳ죬ʵҩֻʮˣԭʦڹܣûóƷҩϵˣҩĴҪǸڵṩһЩٹȵ鵤Щõҩ
˵ҩ󣬵ҩſʼһԾΪ ɽͷŷ嶼ѹһͷ˼ŷƽϡ
̵ĳ緹׼صҩ壬ſڱʦסûƷ
Ԫ½ ָ߽׵ҩʦˮƽƷƷңƷ˾ˡƷʦһͿԿˡƷľͿԳƵ ϴʦĴ涼Զռһɽͷ ֡
һһεɴȣʦϲ̵չ ƾʦʦźĵҩ壬ѹɵɣΪĴź ĴɡľҲθڣһƿƷ󻹵겻ȵЧ
ʦõ󻹵ЦˣʦֶİȣͿʦͽˡ
ʦ壬ҪɣӮˣн޺󷨵ıء
ʦЦɽޡ󷨻˵ģȻȲĴţһ񵤸ƴһµġֻҪӵҩ񵤸Ǿϣ
ȣӮɷֵ 볤ؾԽ ؾĴƿأЩĴɣֻͨȡؾĻ 
صҩ·ϣľ̲סڵ ӣɹҪǸ˵ѡֱڣȻŸӡﴫԴԴϵ˵Ԫ½͵ ͬ һ
µĲͬ С磬߲֮Ԫ½ɾôпᣬǿռ  ԴǿԽǿԽ
ëëأ
ӵĵӳ񣬡ʦ壬ɽ¥
صԪ½ëëͳ׷ŷ  ˵޶ ĺܣҲ С 
Ӧ湻ˣɽϷ
ҩƽʱ ֻһסɽϣյʱ 򣬴ӵĵӻ ɽĵҰæ
ãûǾȻȥɣ Ǻ
뿪
ɽϣֻڻҵսУëëСצצķһ ĺ飬ϣϣkoġ
ϷҲôˣֱǷˡ
ţóʼǱһżҩϴ赤
ҩ䷽ ҩȫ  Ʒǿ Ⱥܶ Ʒʦ ˣһը¯ˣ
ϸо Ŀڵ¯ϣ¯ӵ õڣʦ͸ģһֱõĺ˳֡ѵǵ
оȻʦȥ
޼ĻֳһΣǰĲ趼һʱ ը¯ˡ
޼ȷʵǵ¯⣬¯ܲô  롣޼ù¯㿴΢Сƣ ը¯¯Ӿͳ׷ˡ
 ô죿
Ȼһõ¯ӡߣʦʦȥʦһ¯ӡ
ǿ ˣ˺ɽ޼ֵ˵ʦ ͽȱһ¯ӡһ¡
ʦӣ˵ʦТһöʦļҵף񻰡
޼ۻΪɵĽ㲻һƷʦûе¯ðɡ
ʲôƷʦ治ԼĶ䡣
ľǰһʵʦ棬ǾƷǰƷ
޼ӻֵҪֻҪкʵ¯ӿ϶ƷʦǶһ ӮͰ ¯Ӹ ͽܣ˾͸һƿƷΣ
 Ҫúðϧʦ˻  Ǳżҩƻˣԡ
Ȼô˵ˣ ԰ɡ
źʦĵ¯¯һĲ裬һʱ ˵Ķˣһ  ҩɣ˱ǣֻһᡣ
һ  ¯Ʒϴ赤Ʒ
ʦ浹һųϸ˵ƣϧˣƷ̫ͣҪȻһ̨ס
޼ĵ һСؾ ģЩҲûҵõĵ𡣡
ʦ֣ĵҡ
޼Ӧ£ľʹɫϽ ¯
ľƤҲǾƷ¯󣬶ԼͲ 
ʦͽСʦЦС ģ  ˼Ҷóѵûȥ
ľЦʦذСȻ ˡ ⣬ʦ¡ľ̰ ϸƵһϴ赤ʦ档
޼ߺһ䣬û˵ʦõϴ赤Ҳ˵ĺܡ
ʦ ߣ֪ʦֶ ǾƷʦ˵Ĳ ˡ
µʦܵƷ ķˣһΰȣӮ





101.   101 · ԪڵСʦ


ɵ˵, ʱ·٣Ⱥܿ쵽
ȵһĴٰ죬ҲΪĴŵҫֵλڿԪ½ϷĻԪڡ
İȣҲСǳʶʱ, һɻǰ һ³δӵʦ ʦ 
ľĶδǺڴ, Ϊϯ῵֡ëë˵пͬͬ, , Ҫֳȥȷϡ
ϯڵʱ, ˾һ, ÿ, ֻҪһ,  ߡ
ϯȥ, Լܽʵ, Ͼӿʼ֪ ֮Ľʲô
ϯ뿪һꡢꡢʮ, ûа취ʱƤ˵ϲʳζ, ⡢, еļתҸ
ܶãû˶ȫΪ̰Ͼš
ԪӤëëԪ½ʦһǣңַ·һʵ硣, ûгɵĵؽ磬Щõðն
˵ϲʳŷʳԼĸóԣѾҲǸˡ
ʱ˽⣬þòһúá
ԪиͬͬյϯΰԪڵɽ ͽܣСͽֽϯῡ
˵ һţʱͱǰ Ǵΰȣ ʮͣһǽܰڵнޣһʱ
ǰ Ǵδ֮ 󣬱㲻֪٣ֱʮǰͻȻˣԪŴϲ
ɳķзǷɻ ķɻ鼮ԼиģõĲǻͣõʯ
ɻһɵͽͽǶι۹Ϸɣ뷨
ɻľ˿յ󷨡󷨣÷ɻʡ
һóãһϷɻоúܡϾΣɣʵԻǺܲġ
˵Ԫ½ĴĶĶǸֻɵޣɺסӥЩޣžרЩ ġǺÿϻҪͦΣϾҶõ
⻹иָķɽҲǴ󲿷˵ѡֻǱվţ۵ûš
˵Զʹõĸַзһ㶼Ǹַɴ񷤵ʽ˴ɴһзĶûӻӲӣһҲ
ľǸɣֻҪõĶǱʵġʲôʣǾվŲţŲšԶУαʡ
Щʦʦʦֶţϲ˵ȴܳʵֹ󣬶ѧľ̷Σ˯ǽһ㡣
ڼʻһƷֵܵ  ˯ˮͽͽǣ޲һ˸һš
󣬵˻ԪڣѾɺ ĸҵ˵ˡ̧ͷٶȺܿ죬Ԫڸ ɵһԺӡ
ٺúʦ彻ǰ Ҫ һɢԶˡ
ԪڵɽһСһЩŵһЩɢڰڵֵ̯ĸһ
ľһ·ȥԼҪҩݾһЩһŵ꣬һСǸһЩҩ׼ġ
·һҵ޵ģһֻɫСϻ ӦǷ컢ëëҪҪһͬ飬ëë ţ˵ˣĺ
ðɣϲ
ľǰ ߣ˸ߴıӰŻԪŵӵķΣǰ ȥһҲֵס֣ϯῡ
תλʦãʲô£
ľ ķſ ֣ϯ῵ĳ࣬ϯ῵ͣ ʶˡһɵסίƲסԼͻȻ͵
ǱĲᣬȴԽԽ࣬ľס۾˵Բϴˡ
ľתˣʧ˳
Ԫɽϱߵɭḻ̌һޣëë εĸᣬצצϵİëëʪġ
ˣҪȥǲʧˣ
ľ̲޵ȱͣˣ۾ӡ
ëëҺŶ
ëë̾ʱϯϯûʲô취
ϯǸ˵Ͱ£˵±Ҫ һƭӣľɤ
ոϯΰӲվڲԶϣŲԶĹһĵĿޣһ  һֵˣ ̲סѹǸϯ῵˵ôôġ
Ӵĸɵӣ޵ۣøúðο㡣һ٬߹òǽһ˵Ļȴ˵ӡ
ľû  һҲ߹ۿָҪգëëһצӻӹȥָɼǵѪۡ
ŭƲԳԷƣ浱Һϻ۸
һѽëë˻ḷ̌ܣҪǾˡ
ҲãȥɡľĻ䡣
ʲô㲻ȥϯǲǴģëëš
𣿡
ģԿô֪еĶľҲˣͷͳһѽĽ񿪣ûļһͻȻͷ˳ȥ
ô £
˫ĿԶϵˣЦһԪڴϯҲŮ˲ɣ
ϯû˵һ֣ڲԶϣѪ
촽΢ţ͸¶ɱ⣬һѵϣԺ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵Ǻϻӭս
ϻе׵ĴڣҸԪڵŵģʶʱΪܣתˡ
ľû뵽ϯΏظתɾ޵Ż ͷ 
ϯֻһ۾̲ס̾Ϣˣʾ
ľ룬ﶼˣ
ϱȥʱ˵±ҪȢҵģǸƭӣ˵˵
ϯĬˣ ʲôʱ˵ֻ
ľԭվһʰת ȥˣϯĬĬĸںסԺ
ϯתͷˣûһŰëè
ʦһ ˡ
ɽӲϸһĨ΢Цῶˡ
ϯ῵ͷĬû˵
ɽëʣῶʲô˵ģ
ʦһ벻ͨ
˵
һ˯һٶûʲôֵ»ˣ
ɽɻ ô£
ϯ῵ɽһƺұӰϳң˵ϱӴӦȢῶһ£һ̧ͷɽҾ˵ġ
ɽ̾ģȻˣΪʦ϶㡣һٶǰԵҪԭΪ˲ӻǳϣǷּʱһһ֡ʦдһ٣һֻֻصһС硣
Ƿˣǻ ԭ壬ѹǲ²һһ˲ٹ£Ϊѹһ죬סķϿճ˹½⡣ϱʲô£˳ŵʲôǲ֪ܲȫԼ
ɽţ Ĺ˵Ҹ Ͼ⿪Ԫ½ϣ˭˲֪ϯǰ ; 
һӰӻԪŵԺһ·ܵԪڿͷ
ôëë
һֲİ˵ĶԻһ顣
ëëеǿ϶ܲˡ
ҲҪȥ𣿡һסԼŨȺ⻷࣬ںڰУ˲
ӣҽȥ̡
һӰ˳ȥ
죬ľֵ̳ĵطܿϯ῵ӰľйȥѾöˣ⼸ΪϯῸѾ˲Լİԡ
ܱܲңҲϰߡ
ϯһ޹ĿҾ 䴦һЩ
ḻ̌ȴûа취ϯȻûǸʱ䣬ΪǺǸʱһģһ
ëëȴͦϲģرϲ ľ̾װû ھֻһһ㲻ˣŲҪ
ܿ쵽һ죬ϯæûһ絽վڣһȴе㲻ڡ
 ִӸ̰߳ϯأ
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ʦ߹̰ʦҪ˵˵ˣΪ˲Ҫôޣ˼һԪŵŵӣ㻹ϡʦˡ
ľ ˣ˼˵
ʦһߣʦʦһֵĴӺ
 һ֣Сǣ׼ȥȺ𣿡
һȺһߴߴ˵ŽҪս̫һš
һһµȺսÿɳˡɵһսĶ̫һš
ľ̵ֳҵλ¡
ϯ߹ҪҪȥ濴λøá
ľһۣϻ֪ܲλúǻԪԼλãõĹۿ̨Ա߾ҵĴһɵŻ߳ϼˡ
ϯ῿ ıЦȻ㲻ȥˡ
˵ϲպɽһһƷ켶Ҫ𣿡
ľĶˣаȥ
ҵʱ㡣
ľ̵ͷӦˡ
ϯ῿Ĳ֪ΪʲôÿֻҪվߣ ;İ оһμһ㱡ɴƲ оμ йء
ϯߺһźɫȹڵ߹
ľǰɡ
ľƲһۣôǷ֪ĸʦ̳ġ
Ůӵ񵤸µƣһҲһ֪ͨ㣬ϯԶһ㣬ϯ񵤸µġ
ľЦȻϯģҵҪˡ
ϯΰ˭ľ̿ǰ 
һ ͷϯΰɫһ죬Ὸ硭
ϯ῰뺯ݵľҵӵܣ ûκιϵ
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Ⱥ, ϯῴľʶԪڵʦʦ㣬˸ӣϯҰݼĸò˵ϯǸ, ϯĸϯԸͶϯ, ﶼϸĸ
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ʱ, ϯĸ֪ľǸƷʦϻ ϯ˵, ϱ
, ϯҸ, ȥᣬͿռҵ켶
˸Сס, ľоƵҩϯ, Աо󷨡ʱ˳
ϯ, ǰÿһĿɽ˵һʹľΪ֪޷
лԺǽʱ˴飬ϡ
ϯῺľһ󣬾ͲٳԱٹȵÿ쵽, һʳȤ
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ϯü㵹Զ
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