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󣬰ĳֱ֮ӹϱֵĽȣĻݡ
ٴλع飬빬ѩޣΪ̫ӡ
һֻ˼ʱ콵ʥּ̫֮һ±ơ
˵õ÷һӺֵأ
ίֻȨ֮ߡ
֮ף
ίί²ҿּ
֮ף
ȴ
֮ڷ֡
̫ӣԾ
һɰ¶С̫ӵ±
ӣϻ
ﲻһ
Ķָϣ
1.ϻVSŮû衣
2.Ůû
3.ȫıܿգ˽࣬ĳ
ͼһ֣ǧᣬףҿ졫
ݱǩ ж ֮ ÷
ؼ֣ǣ֮ף  ǣܶˣԤġͱһӭղ  
һ仰飺ӣϻ
⣺нǿϢԺ


1 
Ԫꡣ
޵ڴһӤ䣬쳹ĹʺһӣǾǵһѩ
Ůý˿йСӣſڻʺǰ
ϵŮӺʪ˲԰׵ݣ㶵ĿŵڵĽһ˫Ŀδܻ񣬶ϼǿ֮ѪɫĴʹ֮ɫȴԾȻ֮УٿȻʪ˫ޡ
ʺǻӣСӡ
ѿ޳ˣԽСӽڻУһֻסŮӱģϵˡ
ʺ΢΢ƣ̫ҽ
ʹ飬ƵƵҡͷһ࣬ɫֱ̿ΡΡ˫֣Ļнӹ˸ոճĻӡ
һ⣬ִƺ꣬һӣȻ֪㡣
ʺһЦӨ͸黰۵ף߰̾ﲻˡֳͨѹ뱾Իʺ֮λȫǣȴ֪һپһ𡭡ˡȻҵҵıں꣬Թ޻ڣҪңʺҪҲա
ֻԸҵĻʶԶʹǷǶթԶ߳ԸܰȻƽһұ޺
䣬շ٣һƬ
һʼһпǣ£ʹĸ룬ȵĸʧ۰ƣӦ԰֦

Ԫ꣬ʺһӣ̫ҽɹⱧһŮӤ滻֮Ѹº󣬻ʺڹˣɹΪ
ͬ꣬ʺĸֳѹ֤֮ɽʢһʱųն»Ȼ
󣬳֮׸游׳ۣȥһβԺ׽ߵ
Ԫ꣬ĳ֮ףʶͬͯݣԴ˶÷飬˽Ƶ
󣬳֮ȫͻȻ뾩ǰβԺ֮Ҳǳ֮һμݡ
ȡ彣ϵһĨƽ룬ݸһ·ƽ
ȴݣó֮׼̵Ļ£̼ǵסµʱŨأ¹ùãȰȰҪ뿪ǰɣҺ᲻Ͱݡ
ȴδҡͷͷ֮Դ
׵ĳ֮ײٳ꣬۴ȥʷ˳֮ΪŮ֮಻ֻ常
Ԫʮ꣬һƷҽԲΪɴǹ뾩ټҰǨԭأ˲ƽҲǳ֮׹Ϊļ꣬û˾ǵŮǣû˽ӵĹԲطʱѵĳ֮ײ֪ҪԵʲô
Ԫʮ꣬ڱţʺè̫һʮ¶ŭҪ£ҪĻӽӻعڡ
ŵ˿ҹŮ֮ʷۡͬʱóǰдõһֽ֮ҵļ飬Ӵ˶ϾŮϵ
죬ϱӻĻݣϳ˹Ů£ּųն
һ֮꣬ʮꡣ
ǵسŴ׽ʱݷ·ʮ꣬˫ֲų֮׵գ֮ףĪҪκˣĵǰǧĪ᳣κһ֣Ϊȥ㡣
һ𣬳֮Ҳûмĸףֱųųն
֮ңʼΪʹʮ
ĳ֮ײǰĲͬƣΨһȴŮӯޣ±㱻ùˮӴ˻ݣһƬªɫ۲ۼ´
ݺĳ֮ĲۣϷˣ踺꣬ʶһõĿ꣬ʱ̽Ϊʫ֮׺ܿһ԰εĸ飬ʮꡣ
ҪȢ֮ˣȴ͵һԻҵʲôվСŮʵ˷θŮȻ֣֮֮ȥ˶ԼӮ
֮׻ȻԴдĮȻֱʮ꣬һת䡣
ŮޣȴԸֻһͼְʿçó֮״ޣ֮ײӣȴϻΣϴ泹ҹմç
󣬶޻δй֮
һ֮ױڲⱻҩӴӴǰ޷
֮ȻԭΪҲˣȻ޳
ʮ꣬ǱߣʬҰ֮ûѵ
ȥӲд£׼Ķʮ굮ʱھ⸱ҪŲסˡ
ǽһƾɵıԺڣһСؤ͵͵˽Щʳ᷿ܵڣ˵齱ߣʳҵĴͷ³ϱĿˣСּٵԡԡ
֮׷˫ۣɲɫƣıܿõգϵĴϵ߰գұ㲻ˡ
Сؤҡͷִⲻߡ
̧֮СؤķȴѾ̧оһϾɰƵĽ룬ѳ˿ߣ˫Ŀ˲ʧȻĿ˴⡣
˼Խ೤֮׷·Լһ߳Σεǰʮۣʮֿɬʡ
׸ĪҪκˣһ޵̫ˣ֮ǵ塣
⽣һˡ֮ƿڣڶ˭˵ţӲ֪ݣδֻһȥʱɴټһ棬Ȩȴûа취
Сؤţ۾һգҲգ
֮ս˽룬ֻɿݵСؤǰ
ܰҰݽ͵̫ǰǵóһŮӣܷһЩټһ档޷ݸ㽫ⶫӵɡ
£֮Ȼ
ֹһεȥݣȴܼһﶼ޷ȥҲ뾡취ҲٲѵĻȥˡ
֮װȻı˫ۣۼ޹
֮׻˶ʮ꣬ıϡϲŭ̬֡˶ⶣȴӲԼǳŮӲڡ

Ԫʮ꣬۸Ⱦ߼ݱڻһƬʬڳⱻһһվɻҡ
̫ͬ꣬ӼλٳߣһָǷ٣ĹΪԪ
Ȼϲŭ޳粻ǻ±նɱʺǨ깩гʣԵʺﲻˡ֮˲꣬һиϾɱзĳԱնףʹΪʵ۱֮֮Ͻսս˶ƣȴĺɷأ˾Ϊ
ٺΪʮǰҷּٹѰҶŮ֮䣬ٸҷԴ£Ȼȴǲ޴ˡ


2 
֮ףйŮ磬
㡢ĪҪҵұȥժӸԣ
֮װ׾Сϴ죬ֶ̽ҡҰڵĹϵĹӣŨ֦ܶһȹڣȫȻϣµæܿߡ
һӣ֮ױ·ס߸ƵӣֽŲõϳ߰ߣȴȴЦĲãСɿɰľѣӺҲ˲㽫ӵݵǰ
̫Сѣ˵жҲӦó
ҡͷϣҲϲá
Ӻ޷ĳһڣһţǻǵһԵĳ֮Ц
ݱֱ֪֮ϷˣˣҲգССڵǽӳꡣ
ݣĪҪ
ϷŪݺ󣬳֮ﻹ˿εģ͵͵Ժڿһۣںڵ˫۵ת˵Ҵȥȥ㰮Ե̶⣬ǵÿЩȥ˾ûˡ
ҡҡͷǹɣ¹ùòڳţҲȥġ
֮˵Ļ¹ùòע⣬ݵ֣ɱβԺһ·ַܵʢĳֱ֣ȥ̶̯ӡ
ĺͯܵȴһЦݶð۾Щų֮׵Ĳס
֮׷۵СʵѾһһ飬һ˫ˮ͸Ĵ͸¶ŽСĵŽţֻ̧ʣһ⣬æͳǮСֽеҪҪ
νŮģӹ̶תݸݣЦĵ⣬ʳ˴󹦣ƽдڲ࣬ɾ˵Ρ
⣬һů
֮ףлл㡣
лʲôó𣿡
ţóԡ
֮ЦĿ

̤ЩӴ̶֮ٵ۾ˡ
ʱľǸУ
׶˱Ḭ̄˯쵽ˡ
֮˲ѣæ̧ͷۿڶԲ࣬һٷδµĳֱۣס̬
ɫЩƣ۾ȴȻе㵣ǵĿų֮ףôˣӲʣ
֮ãͷ˿Լ׶С˫̧֣ͷȷ˵ˡ
Ҳһ㶣Σ
εͰһһ͵ȥ̶ԡ
䣬ЩĺӷԲ۾ŭ˳֮ƨһ¡
ƽν̵ģԼ̰治ǹرˣŰһЩΣյ飬иһνĪ˵Ƥ̰棬ؼұ㷣ǧʮ飬д㲻ȥβԺ
ǰֵˣ֮׹̵ٿȻ£˿գۣǰһƬ
ٶ׶°ɣ׶֪ˣպ󶨲ǰǰ㣬Ҳҡ
ۼԼıŮ£ŵ֮ףŮıڲѣ׶Īޣǲǵոմ̫ˣǵĲԣ̫㣬ҲİݣȻȴô㣬ĪĪޡ
ɳ֮׵᲻ܿưĶʪ˳۵½󣬿޻Լգһ·޵˼ſڣ̲סš
ǰֵĿ˳һۣѳ֮ױԼ˯
֮ĸҰȻ˯أʵԼĴϣϡŵĴܺ㣬ǸԺгҩģĿĸΪðСκ޳Уǰסĵطǳ
ĶԻ
׶޳㣿˵ˣ
̾ҡͷҵǿҵҲ׶õģհŮһ£¶飬ϲɡ
Ĭ˰ΣΪߺִЩ˵ǵѣҶϲ׶Ů֪ǻδҵŮ
סԼķˣοֻ²ߣԺʲô¶ᷢв⣬Ҳܱס׶
֮Ÿײϰοĸףֹסᣬʱ顣
꣬׼ټҰǨأʷ常»ุױǹ٣ھǵʱ䲻ˡ
ˣ֮Ҳٲ̤һ˸׵ǮǷŸ׵飬ȴԼ̰αƣɲݡ
񣬳۲֪˵ʵĿ֮ɲٶҲʷٶݡ
һҹ֮޲¡
գǿһʱϤĻʵĸоԼֻˣص˰ʱ
𣬳֮ѸٵĴȹһ·Сܵǰǰе޼֦֮ĬĬɿ
ǲĿɫСܶĳ֮ף⾪棺׶վȻδסˣĻɴȹ㲻ϲ촩ͬѵ𣿡
ЦŴȤ
ˣ׵ĳ֮ҲǾнŮϲðⱦΣϲ޶Ŀʯȹ׵ѣϲÿ춼ܴƯȹӡ
Գ֮Цſ˵ϣűϢĨϤİ㣬ǵٺÿѣҲ׶׵ġ
ʱѧ㻨֪ļҵСѾͷڽϿ޻أ
ף׶ֻǲ뿪͵׶Ҳϲ
֮׽ĵ׻΢Цķһһ¡
᲻Ҫҵı׶㲻ϲպٲȥֻҪ׶ˣ׺޲ѽܻ꣬׶ࡣ
֮еʪۿͷó˿ΪЦ׻꣬񲻳ɾˣ
װŭһ£תԵ˵˵ױ㲻ǳɣ
ĸŮ˶һۣЦһš
ʱ֮װųһ㣬æŵ꣬ϤĵĽ̵𻨸⣬Щ̳֮׻ҪϤˣȻǾţ䷳Ŀš
һĹ𻨸⿶ɣСĽкð̣߽覴ãֱ֮볢һڣ쵽һͱ˻ȥ
Īʳģһȥ¹ùúͰݳԵģЩ
˵ųָһǱзϵ½Ϻ֮εպЩ𻨸
ЩˣĸǰڷõȥβԺǰӲ֪ΪΣֻĸƫݣʵȴǳһҲûǣβԺ֮˵ݣ񼴱±Ἰ꣬ǵһ¹ùãӲ
Щ㣬Ҳǰչ͢ŵı׼ȥ⿰ڷš
֮׼ǵã׵ƻΪЩС¿ֹԹԡ
װʳУų֮ǰβԺ
ȵУ֮һ˲˲棬ͥеķپƻã·ﻹŰʬҰ
ףҽʺɣ˵䶥ŮӣҲδá
΢㶣˼ƮԶЦϤĽ̵򲻿в֮ģʺ׼ΪŮӡ
ʳޥʣܿɹӸλȴһ֮ġδҽʱ;ʵھȴ֣ڽͷЩɥǡʱʺ΢·֪ҽ󣬾׼빬̫ҽǿѽƢԹֱƹǻڹ̫ҽ಻ģʺһֱӻңǵ˳졣Ӵ˳Ҳھǵ֮
֮΢΢ǻʺǺˡ
ǹˡЦ̣ǳҵĶˣʺǺεѹ֮ͽεڮǶҪԳҵĶ飬ûɥͷҲûĳء
֮ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
£ҲΪѹʵʺ̾˿ЩǰἰҲĪҪκ˵ʺ£˴ɡ
ܿʻβԺһ¹ȹڣһʳУһǣų֮ףԺ
βԺ󣬷۾ǣ˵Ǻ۵ĵطֻ᷿һûлڿͥԺûб̳γĳԺֻһɾ
һٻӰӯӯȻĴ߳°ȹʩ죬毺õЦӭ
ϤӰ֮Ϊɬһ¹ùúΣ˿֪ҲδԤУزǺܺõĽְա
¹ùãЩ򵥵Ĺ𻨸⣬Ͱݳ
˵ʳУЦŽ£÷˷ˣǽġ
ڳף·ʳУ֮׵ͷ֮׽ȥ᷿ѰɣӦҲշµĹˡ
Գæקס֮ףҡҡͷĪҪ׶˰ݣȰ깦Ρ
ҲûǿЦĵͷ
֮̾ȻԺͱȥ᷿ѰˣʲôֻԼ棬֪֮ݵݣѾһʱ֪ʹǰһ㣬ðʧСģԶ˾룬֮׺Ϊѡ
һߴݵ¾߱裬һʵѡպ󶨾Ӻδ
˵ͷݶذɣشƫƧȴˣλԭشٽɽɫʤա
һòϴ赹裬赽еǱãб뾩Ѳ֪л̫ҽͷˡ
˿һԵĳ֮ףֻסµҡҡͷٶԡ
֮׹ȥʶɫ¹ùãȥԺȰݣȵġ
ȵһܽظ⣬֮׸˵ıų
¹ùܽظ⣬ԪԹӦҲյʺĻˣͬոһַҲǹ֮ϰõġ
ĳ֮״δĦЩϸڣ¹ùΪʺŮ֮ŹŮҪͣϾڹмģҲѹֳ֮Ȼ
֮ҧһܽظ⣬Ŵжʱ硣
֮ףΪβ᷿ѰңͥԺȣɡ
Ϥֱó֮׾ŵıܽظҭںԲֹ
Բ۾ŽߣݣССͱüݡĿǣЦĴƣоϤȴֲϤ
ǳ֮ʮȴδܼ֮ˣҲ󷻼ഫΪ˺Ļӣδ̫ӵ¡


3 
֮Ҳ޷Ǽһ
ļ÷ݣһֱǵ¶֪ϲҪͦһͯˡ
֮ףôˣ
ݿŷ㶵ĳ֮ףЦ˵¹ùñŵĻݲ裬Ҫ𣿡
֮۾һͷݽ᷿
ݵķڶ࣬ɾأ˿һͯס֮׿ľϻڷݳдһġʷԡ࣬ʱ̰δעЩһΪҲͬһ㣬ѧѧɵġǧġ־࣬ԼùĶࡣ
ΪһɿڵĻݲ裬һֱ˵㷴ʵȥ棿Ҫ͵ȥ𣿡
֮׺ҡͷ֣ȥˣ¹ùõģҳô࣬Ⱥġ
ݵͷһ˫ɾֱۣĶţһȴָ֮ӵģ
״֮ײòΪԼĸе࣬ǰоֹǸİ꺢ͯһΣֻǰǰͺá
֪ҿҪ뿪𣿿ܻһ£ҵױҪȥ
֪ǰ¹ù˵ˡ
֮Сɥ˾ǣǾû취һˡ
й۲ݵ飬ԷҲԽüͷ˼ʲô
֮׵㵽ֹ̧ƼǽϹŵһ̽ǽϻϤĽ룬ãҲΪϸ̽ɫĿͬǱŲƷ
֮ױѪݣɣպȥأ֪һ轣۸ң˵ܻء
֮䲻֪̽ȴ֪˽˴ϰģǰ֮׼˱ΨΨŵŵܳЦϰǻʽܽڻϰĶҲͨˡ
ϰһպȻ棬ǿ塣
ȻˬӦ˻ܵԺУһִһִȱȻģš
Ȼһӣ֮ױڸոմԲѵĻˡ֪ϰۣ
ǰЩԺɳֽ裬±УΪѧӦʹһֻҪϰѣ˭Թ֪еĲס
һԵδѵϣһҡҡͷ̲ȣǻǴϰɡ
Գ֮ײʣ˵ȥĻóȥˮҪҧڵݿ
δʱչȣһֱͦͦԺʯɣȻ̶һȥ֮ϱ㺹£鸡˫ǲֹһԵݽǶðȻȴ
ְȥ֮״ĺˮ˳Űջ˫ͬǦһʹѣʵڼֲס㲻ֱɵڵأ˵ݣס
ֱ޹ûС
֮Ÿ첲˻ӣæǰ֮׷Ȳмݲԣ˱ɴ´
ϰ̫ˡ֮űӣƤɹͨ죬͵һţǻ轣ɡ
һҡͷһ潹Ľ͵ϰʦ޸ý˵Լǧ򲻿ɺ
֮׼ֿɰģЦݣȻ˵ЦģҲʺϰ䡣
ģ֮һԣҽ㡣
˵ĺ棬ʾԿ϶֮ȴЦһϰʲôأ뿪ǣպ涼˰
Ǽ涼ѣҲˡ
ݵʶһֹꡣ
̧֮ͷͷде˼ֻȸߴߴƬ̣ɢɡദ˶̶̼ʱһʱĸо⣬֪һºûˣӴ˷ֵ
֮׷˺һᣬŷû
ͷݣŴСϺһ˼飬ְѳ֮׶Цˡ
ݵĸ첲Ҫǻ͵͵ȥɣҴԡ
ȴûӦͷ˿ԼĶֽ̽ĨɫĽ룬ݵ˳֮ǰ
㣬ȥأһ·ƽ
֮㶵ĿǰĽ룬ϤһĻϤĻȻҪˣִڼˣǱ⣬ˡ
ƿǰĶ֮׹ֲձˣ˵Щʲô
ЩɵĿеĽҲǣҲǡ
֮ױһ룬ԭⲻϵϣֵҲҪЩ
գգۣҪʲô
֮ѵΪ˼һЩԲ򢡣
Ҫ......
֮еԥ̲סѿڵ¹ùһȥذɣ
һ㶣û뵽֮׻顣
Ǳܾһ˵кܶóԵģɽһĻȻھǻĵġ
֮ĴģЩ˼˵ЩĳЩ˵Ҳʵȷʵ᲻ദôõݺ£Ҳһ˿˼
Цһ£ұһ¹ùãȥأǾͿԼһˡ
֮׿ĵЦˣûмϣ⼸仰ܹıʲôֻǵõĻشȻɿ˺ܶࡣ
³˵Ц̸˶δעЩOO@@ֱ֮׵ǰٿȻһĺӰߣų͵ĺ
ֻǸ֩󣬳֮жʱɳ
Ȼ֩ʵСг˰ƴ󣬻ڣë壬ģɲ
֮ǲЩģȥѵʱסûеʱ򣬳ЩΪ飬ѼֲϰΪڴǰ˵ٵ໹ɲʮ˼֮
Ȼݺ㶵վǣһδʰľǰһȻģ
ݱ£Ұܣ
˵ųֿ֮׼һľȥ㽫ɣ˶֩Ѹڿס壬˳˿Զһİǽϡ
֮׻һЦ㿴
ݻع񣬻һмЦ
֮Լһα׵Ļӵ֮УЩпûĻӵͯҪܶپţֵȱٶٻء
׶ûȥˡ
̤֣֮ͬʱ¹ùõ˱
ֻ֮÷ľЩĶ˵ݣѰ档
ݵã˱ǣų֮ף
ȥ·ϣа֮׻Щ⣺ףΪ˿ҪظˣһδͰ湻ء
˵˵ı˵ձƤ̰ˣͰ̫ã򲻿ɴЩΣյ¡
ֻ֮ôɥ졣

ߺݲδУһطȻվԺӣӰ
ĬƬ̣˼ǽͣ¡
ĽűߣȻֻ֮״ɵĺɫ룬Ŵֳ֫˿
̧ţɫѥص̤֩ϡ
ɲʱ֩뱬
ý롣
ī밵Ƶ֭Һ֯ϣĽɣ˫ɾĺѥȾ˵ۼ
ϵĴʧݵޱ飬ͷһۣ֩Ȼ͸̧ת뿪
Ļصмдʷԡ


4 
֮׶ׯͭǰվΪ췢
ͭеŮ۴ƣԲԲ˫͸Źɣü£΢΢ıӡǳǳ֬ɫЦձ㸡ֳһСУӫ⣬Ρ
֮Ȼܾû㾫ϸԼˣԴݺЩ֬죬ҲҶװһ˿һԼֻ±˻࿴һֱۣŤ־嵽
ԼԼԭģ̧žˣоЩİ벻ʵ
׶㿴ϲĸͷΣΪϡ
Ϊһ٣ԵСɿɰ
֮׶ĿκУЩۻңָһɫ״ķΡ
˽Ϊãִ֧ͷ׵žϷεĳ֮ЦĻˣ׵ŮǾÿĹ
Գ֮׷һЦףǰȥͻ磬ǲǹڿţ
üߣױΪ￴𣿡
֮Ц׶Ҳֻ׿
յİٻ磬֮ϡǵãһλϿڰٻ뾩Ź壬˵뾩±ҪмΣǰȥ˲ȫةฮͽδȥˣһƷıֻгʷŮȥˣʣǾ߸븮ξ츮ǾһЩΪٸ
ȥֻһ֮以വķеˡ
̫ϲμӴ˵룬ǰ֮˼δɣ֪˺ܶ飬Щµ˴еĿģȴҿ϶
ڣֱ֮ʵף㲻ϲЩ룬Ϊνǰ
ԳŴ⣬ȴĿ¶֮ɫδ뾩˻ʶһǲûټġ
֮׵˵ͷһ޶ڰٻŮ̸࣬زμӴ˴룬ҲΪ̽̽ŮΪˣΪԼ㡣
֮ײ̾Ϣ׶Ȼв˰ա
ٻڣݣűµɫεĺӵÿʢ̵ȷһ羰
ų֮׵ʱȻ˲ŷС㣬װ绨ƽŮǾ۵һݺݺһʱڵ뻨ǧġ
ˣ׿Խ
ԶһϤ֮ͷб֪˭
˻΢Цˣδ
һĨ޽˿ȹͷΣһɹˣ֮׺ϵЦݸĵĳԿޣ׶װ絹Сͯһ㣬ÿĽѽǲСŮš
֮΢΢ͷޱĸ񣺡˰
ӯ׶һύЩѣչãĪҪ
ⷬ˵ʵò㣬֪˻볣˶ô׽ôȥˣʵ֮ϰαɣΪף߻ʹ濴˵һЦ滢̬ھڻ켣ˮٴεü
ӯ츩ܵǵģ
֮״ǰʮշתϺ޵˺֮ܶ࣬ǵȴȼ
䲻ɣӯ֮һ
ӯԶĵطвٶޢ껪Ůڴͻ
Ϥľó֮˵ϸڣ⣬ӯӦװСĻȻקס˳֮ףҲڵأˤһһأӯˤڳ֮׵ϣͬʱ֮װε֬壬Ҳڴˤģӯ޿Ǹ֮һ۵
˼ˣ֮׵Цԭڴʱӯ㼵ˡ
ӯǰϸΪÿƷֵĻЩԢ͵ʣİģȴ֮һʣʼղ䡣
Ȼһӣӯ̲סˣһͻȻϥ£ͬʱֳų֮ץ
ͬ飬Σ
֮ӯʼձž֮ģȻǶγɵϰߣѸײڶ֮Ƶıܿӯ֣¶ԷץգĲȣݺݵˤ˵ϡ
֮󣬲ΧŮǶ뿴
ӯ°Ⱦ࣬ͷΰ澡ʧ
Ϸߺ޵ɫһδ˵֮ױ㾪ʧĶӣŵʵӯ㣬ô㲻Сģڵ̫ƽˤģ
Χһ˿˿޵ЦӯɫϽӣų֮׽ɫֻҧ˵ģ
֮׼ٽ֮ƣĶĪҪǰˣЩС
ӯ𾪵ͫףҲû뵽ⷬһŮеӯĸԹߣǸӲΪθ׻Ů
߶֮ó˺˶һɫ
ӯһ˶ʱۿŨصû£׶δˤãŮûʲôġ
֮׿ɣûгԽͣڳ֮˶࣬˷ȫ̽Աܵһֶ࣬ǾǹŮϤԺһףһ֪ʲô֮ױɵվ࣬ͷ
ȻԽǲ˵Χ֮ԽСɿӯ̬ͽ
Ҳδ뵽ɫ㳣ǿЦλͻƷ裬ӯ岻ʣұȴظˡ
԰գѸٵĴӯ뿪˰ٻ󣬺ƶһҲȥ
˼΢΢üҲûжԣٻζȻֱ
ظ·ϣ֮׵ͷʵտί
֮΢㶣ЦҡͷδĻܺúȡ
΢΢̾Ǳãӯ֪Ϊȴδˣ׶պĪС
֮׹ɵĵͷ֮£ڳ˶ЩȻ
˻Ǹ֮ͨˣɫӦǸֺ֮ˡ
˼򵥵ۣڳ֮׵֮Уǰ˱ƭ˵ģ˭˲˵һͨ͸ء
ʱùź󣬳֮ڴϷȥߣԺвϸֳǰԼϵ飬ͨͨйء
ټ֮ˣ֮ױԼеҪ̩ȻĶֻ࣬еĺ⣬ý⡣
ʱ⴫֪֮Ӧǳۻˣѹ˹ɢְʱȴ֪ΪʱŹ
˯ĳ֮׸ɴﴩãҹѾߴﲻע⣬͵͵ܵ⣬ſڴ߲
˵촫̽Σ
¹ٷƣ̾¸ô๬֮ˣ˿üĿֻ֪ǼͻȻе£ȴ֪鵽Щʲô֪ʲô
ü⣺ΪҪǰľ£ʺȻȥ꣬δ󣬺һֱǼΪƹܣ´˾ΪΣ
ҡͷ⣺޲͸֮ǽʱɴ⣬ұ׼ǹһ£ǰȥأҲˡ
˶ʱ磺ۣǡĳˣǺãǱȥأֻܶù͢ͻϵּ𣿡
ںľϣɫأþδ
ĿԶۿ΢ʪ
Σʺҷ򸾶˲һȴھһƷ̫ҽھ˵λãȻةฮͽȻֻһ̫ҽЩССʹټʺľ֮˴μǳĻӶұҪסĻӣȫʺԸɫ԰ףĿ¶֮ɫֻǿǵ׶뾩Ҫǵ룬֪εľء
סԼķӵһοûµģһûµģ֪֮٣֤ҲһֻҪû©ûܲʲôǱԶ뾩Ƿһأƽӡ׶ǵŮôǿ£ﶼһܹĺܺá
⣬ҹϯ˰֮ĬĬ̤ĽŲصԼڡ
ڴϣȻ̡
ԭʱ򣬵ױ֪Ҫ¶ˣԲͻȻǹ뾩ĸǶôľް취ģֻܼϣڵ֮ûаѱ֤ݴ
ɳ֪֮ᱻҷ£һκԼΪһΣʮǰδ֮ʱ֮ϣ׵˿ĸı䣬Լ޸İ֮ȥȨ֮ˣҪٵһ˿֤ݣ಻֪Ӻ֡
ݡ
Ļӡܾܲȳң


5 
֪֮췽ҹ̷
ܾȳңһͲĽ¹ùò䲻֪ΪҲֻаꡣ
գһ糣˱㿪ʼ䳣ҵһЩ̱֮࿪ʼʰԼΣȻЩֻ֮װС֣ʣ¶ĶѽΣ˿дѶã׼һͬ
ʼûйӶ̫ˣѾֻɨҹļˣҲͨͨ˷ǲɢжʱࡣ
ڶգ빬ֵ㡰ɼ̫ҽԺεڵأֵ⼸̫ҽ׷Ͽȴҽδ
գ岻ļ׼ǹ뾩һοʺȻ׿ϡ
ڣʱԺֻľ䣬ӷ׷
֮׷Ľһ䶫˼״׶Σ
֮СϵĻң̧ͷЦףЩҲ˰ɡ
һǳ֮κѣǼֵ֮̾ϲĶ㶼ϣȻ㹻ܾãֺĶ
֮ҡҡͷȥأЩҲòѽǲپװȥμ˲𣿡
֮˵Ȼ˼Ϻ޲֮⣬ǵҪЩİ֮ʱΪп֮ķ˵׶ˣǰҲȥμκˣ׽Ǳ㽻㱣ܡ
֮׿ĵĵͷ
һʰ׵ֵЯ޶һͬǰβԺ
¹ùðһʲȣÿ˶ǹ͢ڲܳԵİʳ˴Σóϵ裬ɫ峺ݡ
о˱Щ¹ùõչˣҳûаϹʲôæ׶ʱƤ鷳ұԲƣл¹ùö׶չˡ
ϳ֮ױ˵һ죬Ծ߿˿¹ùȴ豭ǳǳһЦ֮ǸúӣǸŰݣչȻҷ֮£̫ҽˡ
۰ڰֵȻʲô̫ҽˣѴǹ٣ձ޶뾩ǰء
ǵͷ˵䲻ھˣ¹ùк£ǳܹæģŸ֪Ȼ
ϴһ˿֮⣬֣ص˵Ѱ̫ˣ¸м֡
˵ĶԻ֪ǻҪٿ߶һ
֮ױ͵͵ߵգգۣ⣬¿˵¹ùãҳԱˣ֮ȥ档
¹ùõͷӱľΣһ·ݵС
ݵķ࣬صû˿װΣ֮ױߵ̯ż鼮ľǰ㷢ǰЩʱճдġʷԡѱΪʫֽϵīڰ״̬ʫۣʱͷۻϿˣͲ飬ò˵㿴Щͷ𣬡ǧġҶ೭һ顣
ЦЦȤ֮ѧҿԽ̸㡣
֮æ־ܾ̾ŵѧҽЩ߳ҩ֣ҲԸЩζ顣
ֻý£һԡ
֮棬˴۵С۵ĿƬ̣ŹЩձҪˣ㶼ûʲôҪ˵𣿡
ֱ㶵˫ۣԥ㲻Ҫǽ룬Ǳ㡭һ·ƽ
һ仰򷢵֮Щĳɺ࣬̾һٸԼɵӻСӦƽϡ
֮ױԼӻͳһµңҴ˿棬ɫϴһý߹֡
ҵݸݣЦ˵ĵһңǰͬѧģĪҪĲãҷǳϰ˺ܶġҴеҶͬ治ͨϣǴҵ˼ζҩģŽȥģûеڶ
֮ޱȽ˵ţҲȷʵĵһңǰδΪһҡ
ݽӹķڱǼϸϸţ֮æߺֹѽĪţ⡢ζ䲻ܰ㣬ҩЧģԣ֮ܺã֮ڱԱ
ų֮׼ڽ͵ģЦĺܿģ漴㽫εϵ䣬̧ͷ˵֮ףлл㣬Ҷúϧ
֮׼˵֣أ⣬Ȼҿŵҩģѧôء
ߣû˱ǣҲһɰڣҩԭζŨϮˡ
Ҫǣ֮ϣպˣܹ뵽ļֺã֪᲻ͬ
δβԺãһٷʱҪǱˡ
ǰݽһֽ˳֮У֮ɻҪ򿪣ȴ˵ظٿ
ֻ֮պֽŸĸһ̤ͬǰУ뿪βԺ
صУ볣Ȼеľ䶼ڡ֮׿һĻĻϤľٶȻ׽ϸϸĹĦһ飬ӡųֵ·˪֮ǵصӰϣʱʯӻ̵İ׺ۣѵĳͨݺԺеĳˮȻ峺͸ֻЩѾûˣ̵ĺҶ
Ҫٶ뿪ˣ˰ĵطûĵط
ҹ䣬֮˯ǰݸֽűֽĵã֮׽⽫һ򿪣ȴֻȼ֡
ճſڼ
ɾʷϬó֮׵Ķ
̶֣ĳҹδߣ˼⵽ǲǸ˼кҪ֮ڳŴ
˼ʮֿܣ˼ʮּ裬޷Ȼ˯
ֱڶ峿ʸ΢΢ס
ֱ֮ӴӴԼ㿪ʼϴںʱȴѾԹԵŵˡ
˲죺׶û˯𣿡
֮æҡҡͷЦףǳ𣿡
һ£ͷʵڲϰŮȲҪ뿪ģϻ㲻ġ
һЩţ·ˡ
۹Ӷ˼ϳˣȫҶ˵һϴҿڣװҵ
֮Щ㷲ֽ߬ʱٿ򾩳ЩĽֵ֮ľ޲ںѾûʲô
ţ֮ƵƵ̽ͷ⿴ǵó˶׶ڿʲô
֮ϸʲôߴӵĳʱһʱϲĺףͣҿݺ¹ùˣ
ͣ£ʱ峿ǵ̻ϡ٣֮ױ㲻ܲ˵žڳŴݺ£һ·Сܹȥӯķ紵ϸ
֮״ݣ¹ùãΪ⣿
¹ùóһЦδ˵Ȼл߬ŵЦ˵¹ùͬһǰȥء
ԸҲĳ볣Ͻ𾪲ѡ
۲£ǰȥأصĽӲһ룬ݵѧҵΣ
¹ùֻҡͷεЦһ£ްݵѧϰִȥһͬȥɣ밢ھǳ˳볣˺ͷҲ˲ʶȥһģҴ˷ҵʰ׵ˡ
Լſݺ¹ù󣬻һ
֮ĿһеķĺһݵԸľһͬȥ
֮缤˰ȣ˵ۿͨ죬ݿ󣬲ɵɫĵ֮ףôˣ𣿡
ʱ˲һ֮ͬҲ̲סĽžžµһԵĳۺͳ˾һ
֮һߵһЦĿģԭɰԲݶЦõһţһ߿һǿԼЦ˵ҡ̫ˣҾ̫ˡ
ˣıԭ
һĻ˼˶Цˣó˿Ϊ֮ײᣬЦ׶㶼ˣĻ˲֪ߵֱޣɻеŮӣˣ˶Цء
֮Ĩϵ飬ʹ˱ΪЦ
ף밢һ
˼Ũأֻͬ⡣
ʱͬʱ·̤峿ҫۻµ⣬뾩Զ
֮׵뿪˾ǣǸıһЩǰͬ飬ΪԼΪģû뵽Լȴˡ
֮ײ֪ǣȶȺıδ켣


6 
ǰ֮Ҳǿ뿪ǵģʱǶԾǵᣬǻ貵ʮﳤ֣ǽ»ⱦ಻ʶѾõ飬ģǲԸ뿪ԼϤĻϤˡ
˳֮һ·϶ڶôԶҲóۺͳ˵ãڣغµסûԭǰҲû˳緱ľǣǴӵҰǣ͵͵˺ܶΣһʱԼ뿪ǣֻʵ
Ѳͬգ˶飬³֮׵ϲѣݺ¹ùõϣһ·¹ùĸĲˮһ;羰⡣
ݱѧһ˾ſڴǰ治ɶõɫ
ݣղң¹ùҪһͬȥأ֮׳ܽظ˵ҲѧŶ
ݾȵͷϲԲ֮ףӦֱӸ㡣
֮һЦǳ֣Ǹ㶼֪ж˼һΪձһ뵽պһ棬ĵĲˡ
ҲЦȴɬ
Цĳ֮һƬݿɰ
Ƚǰԣǣ͵͵ȥԵġ֮״յݶС˵׸Һöǻӻܾõġ
ݵͷһϲڳ֮󣬶֮Ҳ֪ϲʲôƫʳ㣬¹ùþͬĵıţʵ֮ԼԸ㲻ϲãֻݳ˺ܶһҲܽˣԼǸ⡣
ʱҡεǰУĺӻ࿿˯ˣ¹ùȣĵһһµΪţ˯ϴŵһ˿ǳЦһƬο塣
ʺ֪´˷뾩Ƿв̤ڣֻҪĻӵ»Ŀģ˷޴˰ա
ԣʱʱɫ۴סһĿջ
֮һ˫ںԲתõջϰ̸ʱѸקקݵ䣬⣬˱ĬĬһǰһĳɹȥˡ
ջ治Զ㰤һСԽ֣䲻ǴֵȴҲУ̯ǲ٣ھδġ
֮׽ݵȺдһС̯ܶŶ򣬽СƼǰţһƳγεըСģűִࡣ
ͳ֮һ·ǰζסܳȺһ£ǴӻóһСͶιݿУ۾ʵôó𣿡
ϸʵȥЦŵͷóԡ
֮ҲЦˣץһѷŵУԼҲ˼ųִˬڣ滹˿˿ζǾûеСԡ
ոЩ˵¯»ؿջ׺¹ùöһ
֮׳ԵСϾ㣬˱߳Աߣ˵˵ЦЦ
ߵջʱһӰֱıײ˳֮ϣڲͷ˵ĳ֮׸δע⵽ײʱӲȣˤڵأͬжס¯һӦȫɢڵأλƵСǻҳٲܳԡ
Ӱ΢΢סΣ̧֮ۿȥǸʮһкڣײ֮׺һǸҲûУתͷܽһ
æ֮ףʵ֮ף㻹𣿡
֮װڰ֣ʾԼû£ϵĻҳǽ¯ֻð̾ϧȻ䣬ٿȻԣҵˡ
˲ףǱոǸ͵ˡ
֮ü̾ûӶװϣ˾Ͷ˰գǸϿؿջȻҪˡ
˼ջߣݻĿһǴӣ񰵳
Ȼصջһ֮⣬ĽݺݵѵһҲ͵͵ܳȥ֮ЩʲôΪ¯õ˭뵽¯ӱ͵Ҳˤأ˷۱
󳣷֮Ҳȥֻڿջڴţˣֻ֮ܳݵķͷС˵һ档
Գһ˳֮ͷطȥ
ʱһڵĳ֮װĺ£Щ˯
ŵҹУȻһкͿ֮׾ѣ˯߱ǳԣ֮ġ
´ƲߣʱѾСȥ֮Ϣָֻ¶һ϶̧ۿȥ
¥Ʋݣѣ֮ױһϳˡǸ͵к
ŰĽֵϿһˣֻкһ̴ȣಽķǽߣÿһ޳һϻЩѪ˫ʱƣǷˡ
ֱ˵Ӱ֮ײŹϴĵڴϣûн·ϣϾһ͵кĸǵ󱻴ɲм̫ˣкԼ¡
ҹʱ֮ױ˯졣
һǽ֮ķڣüŶ̽ϵѪŽջڡ
ǰδеĮˣڵ˫аһɺȫĺ壬ݴסлδɢȥѪ
ӻóһЩ÷ϣ¡
ա
֮ı㱻˽ΪջҪ·һݶ˴ҴùţҪϳǰС
ʱ֮˵ͬ˱ҲͬˣֱĪҪݣֻ֮գȷʵôĻִ߽԰̯ԻӾͲˡ
ǰݽס˳֮ףóһݵ˳֮ǰ
֮׺Ĵ򿪣澹춪ʧɻݣҵİ
ָָסķ˵Ҳ֪㿴ſڷһ
֮һ߿ĵһ߻ǲ֣ĻǮ֪ǵסء
ҡҡͷ¶֪
֮ױ뵽ڴǰһĻ˴кŽ͵ԵϤء˫ȱ̴Ѫģ֮ЩŴҲǸǵĺݽɫ
˼ˣ֮ײЩˣû뵽ĵطΣգС޸ֲ֮书˿ˣ⣬ԼҪһ˿һҲǵġ
֮æϸϸһĶݣպҺ㲻һʱĪҪԼ͵͵ܳȥ棬Σյģȥңһ𡣡
ЦŹɵͷ֮ŷĵԼ
Ӿȥأǧ·ͣǰУҪʮղܵ
λԭشɽٺɽƣȴ಻ˮ峺ףϺϷز總ĳ󣬵ƫ٣紾ӣΪڴˣΪʺƽӡ
һ·ϣ֮ǰԣǵǰ֮֮ױûԴ͵͵ȥ棬һƣڸ·Ҫʱҹ۵ҹ޿ջʮյ·ڵִء
ס֮أǰһǸĸۡ˵Ǹۡ˵һͥԺ䷿һضѡ
ͬǣ֮һǽһͥԺݺ¹ùõס
֮ѸٵԼΣܵ볣˵ףȥﰢݺ¹ùʰӡ
˻δ˵Ѿ̽ͷĪҪȥң
֮׾ɥ˻ԴɴԺжǰǶǽƬ̣֮һԺаЩʯŵǽߣһ㽫ʯͷһС̧̤ȥ߶ȸոպùͷǽͷһ۱ܿԺ
ŻڰӵݻЦݣ
ѰƬ̲ŷǴ洫ų֮̽ǽͷҡҰڵԴʮֵǵ˵֮ףɣˤԼ
֮׸˵û£Ͻʯͷ̫ߣһûȣѽһȥ
ݼæľ䣬ҴܵԺ֮վǽ£Цǰϡ
ݶʱԼϷˣˣ˿գ֮ЦҲЦ
ȴЦЩɵ֮ײϷŪһǿݿУ㶵ĺЦʣó𣿡
ݺǵͷģ䣬֮ЦĿ⡣
տϴȻԵãң֡


7 
صȻǵģҲûٹӶˣڿɽĽһũƽũ˼ͷţȦũԵդڡ
¹ùñʱһЩСһȥ巻Ʒģϸ壬˿ش˵Сط֮巻ȻԸٰ˵Ҫ¹ùȥ巻
ƽũַСС۱Σȡκγͣµھӿڿڳҽơ
֮ݣȻǰ˽ѧؽеΨһһ˽ӣһųİСŰǳϲĺѧѧӱףǵѧǷ׷׿˳ݣȻ֮ȴ˽ڻ켣һԣȻû˸
˽ӵʱ֮ױǿϰˣüֻƣʱ˶͵ܳȥɽժҰˮץ㣬ηɹ£غ治Ȥһչȥ֮׾ɹСˣһձֽķɫ˻ֱȤɫС档
ʣһһʱȥˣݶϰȻֵľնһƬ˼ǡ
֮೤˾ĹԭȸЩϸ˲٣ٲԲ͹һ˫Ө͸۾ȴûݱ仯ǰԣԭͬĸͷȴȳ֮׸ͷüҲ˺ܶ࣬ŲСӵģ
˽ڣŻҡͷԵĽѧѧһʱ䣬ϰˡ־ǧġʼֽ徭ˣЩ鼮֮ھڱͨοѧϰùˣµĲӦѧ徭˽飬߹
Ȼһͬѧţȴѵ֮飬һǰݺͳ֮δ˽ʱǸõӿ޵ĺѧٲ͹ȣֱƽƽ棬ţ㴦ݲ˳ۣʱ¡
·ҪⲻСϵĶֽǱʣһػˣЩС³֮׿ȴƽϣţ˾ҲֻǺͯļʺΪˡ
ȻȴͬգȻݵӵˮȫʪ͸ֽճһҲ޷ʹãѧ鱾ûС
ţƽղƽϣ㾹˹֣Ǻ۸ǣ
֮ڵվϣӸµָţıǼ⡣
ţȵתϵ˭ˣѪˣ
֮׼ҳϣֱţķһ鼮Ҫӵˮ
ţ״Ȼɣǰ飬֮ײ˱ִţܻ˳֮һ£֮׶ʱһˤڵأƨˤۣϵҲˡ
Χ۵ѧǷ׷׿˸ҹܣæ֮ףе֮ףˤ
֮վҡҡͷʾԼû£Ϸ䣬ƨϵָţ˵ţߣеûϣ˰ֻ۸ŮС֮ģ˽ѧ֪߳ܣ
һ˵Χ˶ЦָţоΪѵһһĽţ˵ɫͨ죬˵֮ףȻ볡
֮üЦתͷ˵ݣպ۸
ݿЦľѣһЦ
ƻѧʱ˽ؼң˽ſڣݺȻͣסŲתͷԳ֮˵֮ףȻȥɣͻȻӽս¡
֮һ㶣˵ȥ㣬һؼҡ
ݵͷת˽ڡ
ʱѧѾ߹ˣ˽ڰݲδصѧڣһʯС·ߵһƫƧĽ䣬Ｘû˻ȥҲûʲô֪ﻹһķϵСľݡ
ݴһƬùʪζŴ̱ǡ
ɨۿڽǸˣǰշȻ볡ţ˿ۼ߰ߣϱѿԭò廨ľڣлһĨƾɰײ̧ͷݣ㤵ƵƵҡͷ
ߵǰͷʵ𣿡
ţæҡͷݱȡеİײţæģҲˣҲˣձһµᣡ
һŲϣ˺Ȼȵڵأµ˱Ѫ
㻹𣿡
ţӣѪòң޺ҲҲˣ
ɿţͳ̽ţŵشֽ̧ϵӸϣ̽ͣ룬ɫĮ
´Σ˫֡
ţŵͷŻʹͷҲһصܳƫƧСݡ
ʱվſڳȴĳ֮ף˿֪淢ʲô찵洫̧ܲۿȥţѾţ
Ȼ²ܣɼģң֮׻Щĵʵû°ɣ
ţһ֮ףз·˹һ㣬æ룬ϺµĲˣ㡢
֮ûٶȴһ̵ķɱԵ˻Ϊʲô׷֮׵ͷ˿Լϣȷʵ޲ףѸɾ࣬ȹ黨ʽƯŵһ˿㡣
ʱݻ˳һЦǻؼҰɡ
֮׵ͷȥ·ϣʵݣϿʲô˵Ķ
ҡͷɻ󣺡Ϊʣ
֮ײ֪νͣ㲻ٶգ˻ЦĻ˼ҡ
Դ˽ϰ˺óһʱ䣬ţҲ볣֮κγͻ˵һ仰ң֮û뵽ԼˣΪԺ
˼գ˽ӷ٣ոʱڣ֮ױųһͬɽҲæʵۻոһƬҪ䤱¼ʱ
ۼݴŶ̴򣬱ҪµظɻæֹݣЪϢЩ׶һո꣬ͷȣĪҪµˡ
Գ֮׵ͷ˿ԼݻҪСģһ̾
ֻǵ֮ӣЩ´ֻݰգ֮бҲܶ࣬³ͷܵóǰŵ裬ݵЦϺȣ˫ģֲɻģһǱȥɽ档
ֻϺ裬һˣµҪɻ
ۼ״ò볣֮˵ŰȥɽɣĪԶʱ
Գ֮Цŵͷתݵ֣ȥɽˡ
ɽһƬɽϤɽƬС֣滹һƬˮɽµٲɢڴˣȻγɵһС̳γּˬ˾档
֮ںߣʵЬӣһ˫Сɰ۵ĳݽˮУ֣ݿˮ졣
ԣѧӣѥѵ°ڣںУˮʱʱЩ˵ȼϷι
һھʱЩʱҲԼڡ
֮ɵں߲ƺεգЦݣھǳʶʱҲգʱҿɼˣҵ״ȴҪһ򱶡
ס׿֮׼üЦ㲻֪ʱ˵ĪҪٹң޵ģɲң˶ҪЦҵġʱףʲôҲֳһͬôã㲻ʲôˣҿͬ¹ùú͵һҵļˡ
ãŻҡͷ˵ҲЦģã˰㡣
֮Ц֣ͻȻסݵĸ첲Ҳקڵϡ
ͷͷһ֮׼˵֮ǰھϵԽԽϤˣȴ˵Ҫ뾩ǣҰٰ㲻ԸУִȥʹУΪ常䲻ϲҲˣű뿪ǺЩͶ޹أأҪھǵһУû뵽һǰݣ֪ΪΣܾڣҲܰݿֵ
ų֮Ϊ常ͫ򴽣ƫͷų֮׵Ĳգú󣬲˵֮ףԺһһֱ㣬ܷ¡
֮ЦĿģҵһ𣿡
֣صĵͷ֮ȴֵȤҲ˵ǻ㲻Ըң׷㲻ŵģ˭ԸҵļأⱲӱҪҲסŹ֡
˵׺ݺݵһҪԵݵĿŶݼ״Ц֮࿪ɣּŶ˵ĻЦ
֮գ̿ϴ૵̾һֱ㣬Ǹжð


8 
ٽףˣʮһ·ݵʱȻһëѩһ㰨Уǽ˺صıһ͸ɽּװعɫɰϹŻѩ׺ɽǻ˼ɾɷǺÿ
֮׺ŹźĽбһú̿ܵԺС
¹ùü״æֽӹ֮ױͷ΢죬Ц¹ùã˵ʱ밢һͬ÷ĪҪŶ
һЦգůһů
֮һܽڣѾȲ裬ݵС
ݣҵ
ЦǰѾҡ
ֹ֮ס񡣡
΢΢Ϊ㱸ˣġ
֮æֹĪҪڸʲôҪϲ
ݵͷЦա
֮ʮٽ˵ҪΪѣΣһȫһԶٷء
գı׼ӵؽóһ̳ƺõ÷ӹƣһòˣϺУͨͨǳ֮װ֮
֮׳𣬱㴩˳ַƵҺȹȹڴŰɫʽϣճϸ֫䳤ڣӳ˽ΣЦٻ⡣
֮ϸϸžеԼ¶ŻƽҡΣϵ׹ն죬ǳ֮Ӿǰһֱѹףڽó˳֮ס
ʱ¹ùʳǰʳ¹ùüûļ㣬µĿȥһ㣬ֱ֡⡢˫ɫӵЩδĵģطʼãڶûֻûϻʺʹͲԵԵ
˽ӹʳʱΪ𾪣̧ͷ¹ùã᲻̫ݻҴ˽ɣ
ǳЦҡͷްʳ֮ԶҲ֪ڴ㡣
˱֣صʳУһСİ档
ڳĳ֮׸оԼװЩ¡أľˣϰ߾ǹŮױݴ磬ͭеԼʶ̧ԼƬ̣ٴȷûк覴ú󣬲Ÿ̤߳
ɫҺĳ֮ײ󣬴ҵ۾ȻϣʱߵɫӺˣ˷ģСŮۼͤͤ
¹ùЦޣ֮òǷ۾Ҳ˼ٹ꣬ø˳ƺ޲ɡ
֮ⷬɫͨ緬ѣһԴȤ¹ùñĪҪ˵Цˣѽ̫Եá
֮æǰĿݻڴ㶵Ŀ֮׸ջ͵ɫֺ˼ֱ̧֣һ£𡢱ˣԷ
˼״Ц۶ºõ÷Ӿƣã˵ձСŮ֮գһơҳĳ˴δгһջǹ뾩ȻԵõҰص˿ֻԸ껹㣬˳ؼһ֡
԰Ɑƣ¹ù밢Ҳִյһͬף֮ʮܹ˳˳죬顣
֮ź˼÷ӾƣɫŲȻĺΣͷҲЩȴ͸һżĳǰȳԡ
ǰʾʮĳ棬֮ٿȻվյվ̧һ˲˲Ŀ򳣲ۺͳˣĿ͸ף׶չʮˣ֮գӦжĸ֮ģТŮΪŮӦϵңЩΪ鷳ȴȻҴʰŮмԸֻԸܹ尲þáⱭƱ㾴֮ŮԳΪ٣ӲԼǳŮ
䣬֮һں÷ӾƣŵôԵĳ۷򸾶ˣǺۿ۵ͷЦ׶Ҳ㳤Щˡ
ЦĨ۽ǵʪҡͷҿǺ˰գ˵Щ˻ﻹƽյƤ׶
һٷԵ˸лȴǢĻЦ
󣬳Ƹ˳֮׺ȥɽʱٳǰ˵·˼㣬ָǴñ磬˼ŷģΨһů¯ݵݻУ֮ױݵֳɽˡ
滹Ǻ̹ǣûڵú̿ȡůϮ»ѩֺͽУû߶Զ֮ױͷˡ
·ݽеСů¯֮׻֮΢㶣ͣ²ݵһֻ֣Щְů¯㲻ٸңĪҪð
ݱ㴧ů¯һ˵ʲôҲˣֻ֮ýӹů¯󣬱ů˺ܶ࣬Ц˵׿Ҫ
ҡͷģ˺㡣
֮һůǰױ۰ˡ
ݿǰǿߣɫұԽˡ
أ֮ײϲЦտ˵ҶȲ֪Ǻأǲϲ׼һҡ
ǹЦͷӦ
һ·˵˵ЦЦʱʱ׷Էѩѩ׷ɣЦ׷һ·ͨɽµСϣһһǳĽӡֱµѩסû˺ۼ
ɽ½ĺʱѩµСˣƮƮѩ£ǲһľɫ񣬰˪̵أ֮ݱվһþ޴ɰ£ȴѩͣ
ɫ磬ʱѾƻ裬ѩͣҹɫҲ١
ݴӻͳʯվµĳ֮˵ңϾͺá
֮׵ͷСܵߣǿѩʲôƬ̹򣬼ľĶóôʯȼߺסܡ
ɲǼ䣬һ֮Уһɫ߿պ󣬺ȻըѣʱҹĻĿɲǵźɢűַһһĺɫ߹⣬ĿϾӣڿƵƵųɾ޴ʣļŵҹա
˳֮ϲȵĿ⣬վ£Ŀϲһת˲ŵ̻öĿĽҹյ컪ʣŮɢ
֮סݵ֣Цϣݣлл㣬Һϲ
Ҳס֣ЦЦ
һӵʱ䣬̻ȼŴҹٴλָף֮ԺлͣڸոѤõʱ̣ǳЦƯϧ̻ȴݼţ޷סȻõ񡣡
ݺЦϲÿΪȼ̻
֮Цŵͷ
ҹɫ˱ִ뿪ɽؼУѩ·УȴȵḶ́ǳ֮ǰΪһ죬þ
ſڣͣڳǰȥó֮Щ죬ݳĳʱɫˢľͰˡ
һ˿ԤУȱԺڣ۷¹ùһ˵ʲô
֮ˣ
δƣʮ꣬ﻹȣȫ顣
¹ùôʱ۽ĶԳ˵ˣٵˣϢѴ˵¾Ѵ͢ȻһҪôſɡ
˼е밢ô죿ȥδܣ
²һЦҡͷ밢뿪ûܹ֮ͨŰݰȻ·;УƫƧضӲ͢Ѳ飬Ǳȥĺ޼£ֻҪǰȫģա
Գ֮ѪɫݵٿȻս
Ȼȥ档
۷·¶˾һ㣬ת֮ףɫӣб
Ȼ֮ױ𣬿첽ߵԺǰ˷õϣǳһƱ˵ӱޣҹͣĽʷãҪȫ͵


9 
֮׻ҵסһ³˵ҲߣҪߡ
˫ְסӣۿͨ죬֮ףĻĵǰǧĪҪ᳣κһ֣Ϊȥ㣬ס˺£ĪҪκˡ
֮׶ʱ£ҡͷקס۵䲻ţ㣬ҲҪȥҲȥҪһĪҪߡ
ԺĳȴҲݴʱ쳣侲ĶԳ֮˵֮ף㲻ԸȥҪ뿪õѡҡ
֮ƵƵҡͷ޻ݡ
ۺֱӽ֮ڣ˿ϵĳţŷתͷԳ˵ߣ
Գޣݺ£ƥУ֮׷ôŽյĳţȴȻںصѩĺۼԽԽԶͥԺڵĳҲ̲סı⣬ڵأкų֮׵ʹ顣
ǽнԶֱһ㣬Ҳ
֮˫ֺףȻͣĴųţ޺ĺʹѵ֪ٸʱȥˣһ˿һ֮͵Ļڣû
ˣƣǰδеƣһֱӱܣӱһпҪʵΪԼıһЩȥܸı䳣δеļܰȻһӡʮǰµĹضҪİҪʲôȥı䣿һеķ˿Ц̫棬ԭ·ҪԼǰС
ʱ⣬͵İա
һʤյξ㣬ʱˣһֻص˴ǰĹ켣ٶȳǰǵҪԲпʵΪԼľϰˣʮ꾭ΪԼʹˣΪλǽʹԺ
нգʻأҹͣЪƥȻ۵òٽĳлͣһ¥򿪳ó֮ڲ¥ʳ
δûʳֻʵںʣ󣬳֮Щڲ¥ڵľϣȵĲˮΧ߻ŵ˺Ȳİǵ̸ǽ˿ڿഫǼŵĹš
ʺè̫ӣڹ⣬һճŮֲ֮ˣԭ㣬Ŵ˴¼ǵûŭѣƱҪĻӽӻعڡ
ɻ󲻽⣺ʺ˷ٶԢΪܹ黢ʳӣŹڵĺӲҪѻͳܿࣿش²򵥰ɣ
Цҷ壬ʺǻŻӹһ٣ȻΪĻδĸڹ˭ұ֤ܻ٣ͳȥʺΪ㣬ϧ̬¶漰֮ˣһඡ
»˭漰õЩŮա
Ů˹Ҹ㣬ֹǹŮ֪꾩ҽ̫ҽҽտûʺΣΪʺϽıǰⳣ̫ҽɼټ뾩²֪ȥ򣬻ϴ˴ּбһǽųնɼʵŭ԰
ˣ༸˽겻ѣҡͷ̾Ϣ̫ĵ
֮״㶵ľϣŵĺǲʶ飬û˿飬ֱֻߵĲˮϵļδ
ƥƼ֮Ŀ͵ڲ¥ڣŻ
ֱ֮ɤɳƣ߰գ·
һ㶣ΪҪȰһ֮ײſߣû뵽㶮ϣæͷų֮ǰС
պнٶ𽥵ִ˾һ·˱ҪĽʳˮƥʱ϶ȹڳ֮ײ֪˼켸ҹֻǿĻϤ֪Ҫˡ
һ֮ڻؾ·ϲЩտ֮£ЩԺþ취أȻûгɹֱִʷ󣬴˼˿еּ֪ҪųնԼҶŮݣǰһֽϾŮϵ֮ңŮŵôӹ١
ʱĳ֮ϽʵأűҪȥѰ޷㽫˿ǿֱӽڷգÿոЩʳ㲻κ˽Ӵֱ֮ײٿ֣Ž˷ų
⻹ǳէŴɣ֮ʮգ˹ϵļãʱǿԼ̬ʵȥպػᱨ˵֮Ȼº¸չ֮ײӯݣڵ˱㶼ʼԶˣ۷ľ崲ó֮˯ڴ˴󣬱޾ĳѹ
뵽Щ飬֪֮ȥȻЩɵİˣôٶ̤·أ
ʻ⣬ȻԶԶؿǸκȻĳţ֮óţ˵磬ЩޣɷͽͣƬ̣
ԳסƥΪ֮״˳ţЦҿȥۿϱ뾩ˡ
޾֮ģ⼸֮쳣ȣһշͬһˣྭ·ΪóͣƬ̣óϰЩСճϢ
֮׵ͷ߽һԵѰһϸߵĲݴԣͷųһһδķתˮȥƥιˮǶȸպǱų֮׵ķ
״֮ͷƬָĵطƬ̹ҲӰӡ
֮ϻعʱµĺȹаͣЪвϵıܣֻ֪ʱ䳵ضѰҪܳƬΧǵķܵģǳѰΪӡ
֮ײ֪Լ˶ã鸡˫ȴֱܵŽ²Ż˿
ʱɫѽƻ裬Ŷӵ˲ˣ͵͵ĸһ΢ֵĸŮ󣬵ʹͷϸŮĲ˿ֻΪһĸŮس֮δߣ˳֮׳ɹ켣ڣǺ㲻ٵģȻ뵽ʱѽǡ
֮ЩϥףһֱȻ̧ۿžϤľȺˮĽֵ֮ٴãˡ
ȥ
Ӧȥģ
֮
֮ײ֪ಽĻţԴĳ֣ȺʶıߵϤĽﵱУǰվǵɫĴŽرգ⣬ǰʯʨ֪ʱƣŶųѳ£ʾһˡ
֮״ǰ̨ϣʯʨͷŽ·ڣٹһʱӹؼˣǣų֮׵֣һͬţ˱һԵϺֻһѰҹ
֮ЩˣǽڻվЩ㱵һ뿪
ɫҹĻµľɵƻͨ糱еЦڶŹŮ
֮ƣӣܿЩϤżе·ߣ֪ȺߵβԺƫƧĶϽˣ׶ǳǰЩʳһպٻؼҡ
Ժм֦ǽ⣬ǿó֮׼̣ʱժӣв㱻ժ棬ֻǴʱǿȻΪ֦չ⣬ɪڷС
βԺĺŽգ̧֣֮ԵţӦһƬžҹС
֮ЩˣּߣĿģߵβԺԶĵط侹һķϵﲢ಻֪ηʥƽղ֮ױ˽ȥССŪһƬᣬҳأƻķѾãǽмĲݶ⡣
֮ڲݶϣĿ˯ȥ


10 
֮ڴգʵЩˡ
޷ģΨһαµ׹ҡΣϲǽѱ֮ժ°úյ˻
֮߳ٵĳ֣һӵߦ棬߹ȥЩŵ˵ҡҪӡ
̧ۿ˵ʮġ
֮߬˵ûǮҿˢ룬ʲôƶɣֻҪзԱá
ϸϸһЦļС㣬ǹӶºȹ幤һ˰գٵַδΣܿǴ󻧳ĹС㣬Ҷϲῴ⾩ǽ˭ûʶɫͬ͵ܳӱȰϿȥգĪ˵ġ
˵ִӣݸ֮׵ҪǮˣ߰ɡ
֮㶵ĽӹȺİӣ˵ʲôѾתͷڣòŰĬĬתһ߳һߡ
֮ľګĽſеЩ̧ͣԼķ٣ȻҵĲ£ɢͷ߳ԱߣԵЩˣ֮ױؿʳ˳ȥּԡ
Ƭ̶ѣ¶ǣ֮ߵһ˵Уͷ˿Լѣ޼黨°ڵ£ʲݵϵ䣬˿ʽȹڴӵĨ˲ٻҳҲȹĲϣ֮׹޼Уĵ˳ȥ
ڳֶתתһգѯ˺̷̣ܶɷƻȡʳ֮˵겻˫ϸۣ֪ƶ಻ǻʲô֮ˣ׷׽֮⡣
ȴЩ֮ɷЩģ黭ױϰᣬȴ㾫ֻͨǾйŮҪϰȥѧջʶõҩĶֻ࣬ա
ʱ֮ٶ߻Ĭڲݶϡ
£ǵĺȻ̹ǣҼҶú̿ҹ͸Ĵ⣬ЩããҹлƮɢ
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ǰ˶飬һǱЩҪԽܺʹأǹ갲ʵٶľȻ˴ǽֵλȥ
֮׶ɫ𽥵ļᶨ˱ȻضҪȥʱ˵һ仰㲻ԸȥҪ뿪õѡҡ
ΪҪ˵⻰ܾл
֮׾ݣҲݱΨһһݡ
պ󣬳֮ٶ̤˳֣ʱȻۼ㣬ͷɢģͬһСؤֻ˫۾ȻԸ͵Ը಻ԸˣֻҪܹȥʲôδԹء
㲻ܻȻǣ˲¹ͷ֮
뿪غѡݣҪѡֵס
֮ڳּҰϰ̸ѯʣиŬ£ڳһսǵϰԸڴ˶˲赹ˮһµĲĴֲ£ÿֻһٷȻˣ֮Ȼм
ϰк֮׶ʱϰ⣬ԼĳͷһɫԲñֲȷʵԱ෽ࡣ
ÿճ֮׳ͽ̣æһһٱϱص˯ڲݶ⡣
գڱյ˶˲٣֮ÿÿﶼػشæµţһṦͷգ֮׾ͣƬ̣վò˲ĵ
˵ѾҵĻˣ¿ģһʵ
Ե׳ںȲ˵⻹м٣ǰЩչбȥˣֻǲ֪ʱִܵﾩǣ¶ˡ
ɻ󣺡ǴѰŵģ뾩Զҵ֪ðĻӣһ˵ұĻء
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˵̫ҽһֲ߻˵մŻܵôԶ
⻹治˵˭˲߻ӵʺԸ´ף˵ҵĻ³ʱڱѡĻӵʮ֦Ҷӣ±ԭΣ˸Ů³һ乬Ů֮
׳ҡͷпȴ֮ǰڸܳ裬ΪϿƽƽ಻谮治ѪװҲ񰡡
ֻ˵ŭˣѹʵʺϷˣʮ꣬Ǵ˴鱩¶һҲ֪ԼѪ⡣׳һڽĨĻӱҵΪūұųն±Ҳøһˡ
˸̾һͭǮˡ
֮ɷ׵ԭãԺлšұųնǼۡ
Сϲ裡
Գ֮ǿԼ׿뷨һӹļ
һææ˿ʱ֮ƣĻص̱ڲݶϣ߰ŸOO@@ĳ˫Ŀն˼ԽƮԽԶ
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Ѻعڵ¹ùãƱʩ̺䲻֪֮ײݶȻΪ¹ùˣûбȫɡ
Ȼ²һƽףд˽ɴǵùзңھаɱҪı͢٣ةʱھǱ˴ˣزڴʱ䣬Ҷҽȼʱδ˼˳˴£Ȼȴʼûв鵽Ļ֡
̶һµʱ䣬ҪЩ飬ֻ֮뵽п̸Ļؿڶɫľ˫ۺ˯⣬ֱ
պ󣬳֮׼ͻȻ˵ֺĻӵ̶ӽˣȥ
һ仰òڵȫ˳ȥ̯Ҳϵ׷ȥ˳ſڴĿһĻӵݡ
֮״ǰóţ֪̣ⷬʱѿһˣȫȥ֣֮׵˲ϰͬ⣬еĲ룬Ŵܡ
ʱĳΪﶼͷ̽̽Ŵ֮װǿӵȺС굽ǰţųŴ˽ͷӶ˵˵̶ӣŲƴ󣬾ͼѡ
һ˵㻹˹
ҲҪĻǺˣ
֮ͷȥŴʻͤͨԲطĳľѩ׵ƥţһ֮ߣȻ봰ǽգ̽棬ΨܿǳϾµľ񻨣յơ
ǳܿǰʻ֮׷׷жˡ
֪ڶݣ滹żͨĹͨǴּ˵Ĵܹܡ
һȴһľʼªڰһŮӣڣںڵͷɢ£毺õϲ԰ֽ촽⺮ﶳɫƽˮҲû˹ֽžһ·ԶжֽѶ˳ɼ춺һƬ
֮ͫ𾪵Ŀϵ¹ùã棬ۿ΢죬ֻССĺһ¹ùá
ϵ˺ƶ˶ƣ˫ۣãĿĿžǽֵӿȺֱһ·汼ܵĳ֮׶һ˲
¹ù΢΢˫ţ˵ʲôջʲôҲû˵ı죬ҡҡͷĹ


11 
֮ҲܲˣżԶסĶ˵ϡ
ڴڵĺؿںʲôסˣļѣؿʹ̣֮׶ڽֵãõе˶ɢȥŻվɬľګзźѪ˿ЩľȻģһһȥ
ĻӵĻؾè̫ӵ¼粨𽥴ɢȥȻȴǣĻˣ෹һ̸ֱ۴£ֲ²УѹʮʺǷаһ˵
֮׽ڲ߳ıЩ䴫ţнݳ֮ˣؾڲ¶棬˵ʺĻѹʺҲ࣬ĻǲףӦ빬
ִԣǶʺĻӲۣϸϸ˹ھɢҥԣܴ»˷ͣݲŸոջؾҪ˾ء
ĴŶٻӰ쵽֮ˣ´ʵ۶У֪θ룬಻֪᲻˱񣬱ϾǻʺճȴһѪңǻϵۣﲻˡﳼҡ
֮ÿÿ˼ˣ࣬ǰһķչӦᰲȻȹЩĬĬڹڳ꣬㲻ʱʱἰ
ճ֮ǰʱϰ˼٣ʮͭǮ˱īֽ⣬дһּ۵պãıβԺȥ
ûдĻֻ̺Сλãһ֡
֮׽βԺŷУǴŽţźͭˣ֪֮ݻؾˣһ˴һֱȵܳѰ
֮ײ֪δΣԸһѣݲὫһھǲܲˣΪ֪ھǣȻ֪֮ڵ
֮ͽصٽƻʱ֣ڲݶϢˡ
ǵĺ仹δɢȥµһ꼴ζѾԽԽ㣬ŵƽʣҸıѶӴˣЩʱղ÷Ϊæ϶ˣΪҹС¡
֮ոһյĻѾ˼ϰߣؾһµʱ䣬ÿڲæ赣ĻᱻЩŮСʶݣЩͷƽնϲȥһСС̡
ǰ̫ȥҹջ٣֮׼ЪϢ
ȻձĿƬ̣ж֮׾Ķʱ۶ӣŵ߶ź󣬽ǽϣϸ
Ǻˣ˭ģһ˿ŵȵ
Ȼû˻ػȴŵýŲ֮׽ŵĶźĬĬͳǸ׹ҡΣԱʱ֮
̶һ˲䣬ոպ֮ͻȻƺһص졣
֪˭͢һƷة࣬㵨Ҵɱңк³
˷·ˣΪ
һڻظҪı
֮׶ڰ𾪣벻Լײ˴˴ΰɱ¼С̧ͷ͸ķ϶̽
ǺɱȾѪһŽ»޴ȻѪܣ˵λþƾɵ
֮װսӣվŲһſڴ䣬˶Ȼ벻Ͼɵлһˣ඼ûע⵽
ǽģ
ձڣ֪˭ġ
˵źһƷ罫Ǳ۰֮˻ڵأ̧㳯ؿڴȥǶȻǽƴһ࣬ǽǴļ򣬽Եĵ棬һ졣
˰νٴ̣һɨȣһ˲
ʱѾվſڵĳ֮ף״һȥҡμһͷݺݲ˺һĲƾҽܿγҡε˲ȻѪֹ
֮׾ŵӣǺ˻ͫһסһִҪսӵһķ£ĵڵϡ
˵ز𣬳֮ȴ̵֪ĲֻǶݵʧȥжǱѵĽˡ
˾ȵĿʵ˭
̧֮ۿµˣһʱ֪νԼֻ˵ҡҡǿߡ
˵ų֮ױһ·ܵ˶ĵطʶةฮ·ֻѰŽȥ복˵ȥةฮ
ڣ˵أ֮ʧѪ࣬㳶Щϵ˿ڴûҩֻñֹѪ˺һ򣬲ŽѪסʱѾʶģ˫Ŀա
֮׶ðԼⷬΣյ飬ǸոûսӣԼʬ¼ˣ磬ǾȻãڣһҲͲˡ
ڳᳵ죬ʱ㽫͵ةฮſڣ֮ةฮŸۡĴţһС˴ŷƳ´ų֮˵˭ةฮСĳŷ
֮ĨͷĺϢ캰ǹµةˡ
СȻţߵǰƿӶһʱŵƨ󺰴еܽ˸ڣӣˣүˣ
״֮˿Ƭ̣ڱ㼲˼ˣΪ׵һ༫Ϊʵ꣬һ£Ķŷ档
֮׼һ㶣ʶˣһйһ֮Ե˱ǾС֮һǧŹŮǵżѡة֮ӣߡ
ָ˽˵ة̧븮ڣȥѰõУһж׵ת֮ס
ʱĳ֮ʵЩѿֲΪ˸ةֹѪ˺˲ٲĴæûдԲñͷɢҵڼϣһвŮŮģ
ȴûж˵ʲô˴ζл㼰ʱ¼Ҹظɷ֪ʲôҸãұŰл
䣬ϸĵĲܼ˵λһµѡ
֮æڰֵлȻ͵ұˡ
ʵʲô֪֮ܲܲ
˵ϡ֮׵Цһ£ǳ֣ҽ֮ף֮л
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վſƬ̣ѴҴҸ׿תظ
֮׻صǴԭصĺ˹ȻѲټȻ֮Ҳ˯ˣѰ𣬶©Ĳٴֻ֮ôǼʱĴȹأѿû
һµĴֲ³֮౧ڻעҪ¶޽ͷյľʮֺģ޷绹ãЩ΢ܸе絶֮ײ֪Լܲͦס
޴ȥֻ߻̣ӵĺǽѰ˸䣬ֲ¸ϣڴ˴
ա
˯һҹֵĳ֮׹Ⱦ˷纮ֹסĴ򣬲ϰ״ҪЪϢ֮æܾˣʵڲ֪Լȥ
˯սͷĳ֮ףڵʱڶסͷͣͽصǼƾڣ׬ȡıͲͭҩץ˼ζȾ纮ȵҩҩǹϤĵɬζ֮ױð˲١
ص󣬳֮Ȼ֮µȫȻûзϣĳҶةฮˣûʲôֻͣƼˮһ
Ⱦŷ纮ͷ۷ȣ֮ҩڲݶϱ˯ˡ
˯У֮׺һЩ죬۾ƣ˫ĿҲŵһ˵
ﾹȻһŮģ겻ӦζǸˣ
˲˰ɣӿɲԸϸˡ
֮׸еĴ֮һ˲һƬӲĽˡ
˫΢΢Ŵĳ֮׿ǰ֮ˣؤ˶ų֮׵֮ײ亹ֱ£ʶıУս˲ҡΡ
һſˮ˵ûɴ˴ˣŪ
˵һݸߵؤֳ֮Ϯ֮ͳδˣֱӴ̴ؤƣʹһ˾Ǽŭ˶ˣֱ־ͳ֮״ȥһƽƷڵء
֮׷ȵͷۻ˹ȥнء
ؤεֱӱ㽫˰ŪЦԼƾҪȥǳ֮׵ȹۼҪóѣ˶δע⵽Ķ
֮׻ʲʡ£˴ֱİ䣬ʣһ£ֱҪָδһӰؤӵֱֻ㱻أӴһϵѪӿֹ
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ؤ̧ͣ𣬼䣬ؤ촦Ŀһ˿δ
ɼڳ֮ϣ⾲ū˵ȴ
ūǣѸٵĻ֮̌
겢δ𽣣ʢߵؤʬԣ̧ȥ
Ĺū˵Ļӵ£ʱûعˡ
Ž߳˵ɿʲôˣ
ū亹ܣʹͷպÿǱѪĽ⣬˿ĭ˵ūʲôҲδ
𽣣
ūŲһۣʱɫɷףֲѣͷū˵ع


12 
ݽعգϱֱټ
ڹ˵Ĵԡ£ѱõĺڽһʰ׵ͱȥǬԪ
֮ϣϲ޹飬빬еĵľ£ؾصĹڵǰλףǸǣ˶ĿͶ䵽ϣƶʺճĻӼȤ
һ̧ƽǰִٲͷ̧ĻӣɢųϢʺѵȫͬǳԼ۾ΨΨŵŵĶӡ
ݵü۵ʹģø￴в̾˿ʵƤȴûõӡ
ţȻĻѪµ֮޵Ļӡ
ȴ˳ţǷ׷׸ͳǡ
ʢװϯĵķ٬ͷĽ׹죬ֳҡȰЦлϵѪԵǸúӣպȻǴΪģֻ±ϵ嵽ˡ
ⷬȻпº͵Ķʵʮ꣬ѧҵΣġʷԡӦͨ˰գ
΢ͷֽ̧ۣ߬䣬Сصûϰáʷԡ
һ㶣ƽϰĲ飿ʦӺη
ϰ꡶ǧġ־ʦ˽ڵš
Իϵɫ߿һҲõӵʦǱ̵㣬ƣ
æһԵĹŮʹɫŮһºõŲ裬һֽӹߵȲ裬ĪСӣձùӼ̫ΪĻڿΣЩĻӵ˾ᷣ
϶Ų豭һɫȻÿڵѾȻĻӴǷˣǧġ־Щ֮ǻϰڵģʮȺ飬ˣΪʮܳ⸮ø÷ţһ̫֮λ
ȻٲãĻȻǻʺճҪͣٲպҲүܹǺסݵ
˵Ļ俶£俶飬ѧϰ
ʱЦˣģ俶ĻСһ꣬СñʣζӺһЩƽΪѧҵϽ̵Ļӡ
ֻЦЦȴе˿
ݾЩǱһɺҪʼղ
ۺƾǶ֮ݣȥĸĶ֣ʵܣ밲඼л빫ڲ࣬ȥ֮޲ɡ
̧ͷСһһǣÿ϶αƵЦݣжʩģ˼ȦԾþδ
᲻£ЦĻӵԸһ£ֻҪ¶ɣΣ
ԣЩ죬ͬ϶µĴۿ򼧹˵ɲ޵ļƽ硣
ߺһˣЦ檾ǼĻӱϲý
˵ͶȥŵĿ⣬еڶѡ
ȴ¶ɣ
ףȻ
ɷĹ¹ùá
סĿϣȻ۵ɫʱһƬ಻ԳĻĺĺʺߵĴŮ˽ԹմӷУˡǻµĹŮѱּ˫ȣ˫ĿһŲз֮ūֱǱʹࡣ
һϤĵ˵һɻ϶ᣬ˶ɸģ߻һԾŶּ֮⣬ϸϸ˼һһ¼ɡ
΢΢üָֻƽûй˼ǣֱԵǿɷҪһŮ빬ҵŮ
ⷬһܶɶҡͷ벻ĻӾǸ޴־Ů鳤Ķɣδ˵ʲô֮˶֪жǲģһӣΪﳼΪŮӣ˿ȡ֮ġ
ȻЦŴӦЦڲٱ棬ҲЦЦѡ
ܲˣʺ󴦴ѹһͷǻʺѹʣĻӣ뵱泰һ䣺ΨһĶӣ

֮ʱĽ֣ٻ޷ǱԼǿռӣز˿ܣ˫ʱȻΪԼһ׼ĲУҲûһȻһݻĹڡ
ŽɫƣµɴӯͣĿ֮ǽ̻Իͣ˿ۣů紺ȵѬ޵ǳ֮ӵĳ಻˴ʮ֮һ
֮㶣һ˲ΪԼ˲˵أֱŮڴ齱߲ﻹĪȾ˷纮ָոսͷȣЪţȥ֪Ļӵ¡
ȥˣ֮׻δعƲ˱ͷԶˡ
һŮȲݵ֮ǰʵԼãū澷
ԣ֮׽ӹ˲ֵݸǹŮתˣ̬ó֮Щ˼֪Լʱ
Ƭ̣ŶʱոչŮеĻӵݡ
ɴʱſڴŲ̧֮ȥסˣ֮ȷݣȻһڽɫͷٲŵģ̶²Ʋʶһ㣬ݸͦıԭǷӣһʱˣй䵭ģʲôĹӣҲûװһÿɡ
֮׿ϵŵɫСݡֵҺ󣬱䴽Цˡ
ͬԵĹŮ˵ȥɡ
ŮӦ£ؽ˵ţ֮ɤ˵ݣģÿ
¶֮ɫ黹Ǹ֮ϤݣɫȻ԰ףæ˵㲡δã¡
֮ױɻĴϣʵѰң
ڴߣ۵ܳգֱȥβԺ㿴µȥѰ㣬缸ճ㲻ˡ
Σ֮ҡҡͷοް㿴ºúõģ㼰ʱϵұ㲻þˡ
ȴȻ̾Ϣңһжҡ
֮׿סݱƣǳЦ㲻֪ű˵㾹ĻʱжôȣҾΪ֪ĪҪ𣬴ֵܹϡ
û뵽֮׻˵ûᱻ֮׷ߺһӵĴ㣬ЩȻЩۿΪңʺ˾٣˺ͷˡ¹ùöᱻǣ಻ͷЩǵͼؤ裡
Լ֮˫ֽס΢ƣ˼ףܲѹˣܹ˭
˵ʺΪޥĵŮӣкܶഫ¼봫ţδڻϣȴǣҪȫ㣬ݣףΪܺúûϲܹ֮㣬㲻ǰ
֮˫۶ĿݣʱȴЩ㶣֮ף㲻𣿾˳˺ͳˡ
ҺޣҺ޹֮תͷ߸ߵ뵽˵ĻҡҡͷҲˣΪ׶޹ʺĸԸΪʺﱼһеģ֮ӿȪ౨Ųʺıӻ飬ûʺ󣬱ûоǳңûˡ
Щҵ˵֮ףĪޡ
֮ŷԼ£µˮϴʪ˫ۣЩʱգҲ̲סĶߵǰݣҺװҺǣĺ롣


13 
һգ֮ſݼͷ˽ʱ
˫ۣ˺ǰܹίͨͨ˳࣬Ĭı˫ĿѪ˿
ա
ҽΣ֮׵ķ纮ȻȬȻûʸ붯ҽΪ֮ˣʵǵ곣۵ͬţ֪֮ױǳ۶ŮΪץҩ˵ڹУиͷȱ̫ҽԺѰң϶ҩϿ㡣
֮Щݣ̫ҽлл
̫ҽڰ֣תͷıˡ
֮׵סģΪĻŮһȻŵ˼УһŮ˽ū澹ȥ
üߵǲøʲôɫû뾹ǳŮʱѽˣⳣ̫ҽñǾȣŮ©֮ڴӹһ٣̿ɴǲֻһڹŹգССŮˣΪ塣
һߣԷڣ֮ʱѧϰźӸ»һ磬øһǰи밲
ӵķȻ볣˵Ĳͬ෱֮࣬δӴЩֻôͷѧ𣬷Ҫ࣬Ҫۣ̿¶ҪδţҪѡԵĴʲôʵͨͨǹеѧʡ
ݼͷöķЩѣɵ˵֮ף㲻ЩЩŮΪҴϴͺá
ܾ֣֮˵ҲŮЩȻҵķ²Ŷԣ˲֣赣ģϤһʱѧˡ
ִɥԲ𣬶ûΪӣȴֻίڹŮˣȻۡ
Σ֮׻ͷĿӣߵ࣬ѧݵķЦ˵ݣͻȻԼǶ˵һ¡
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֮üǳ֣лл㣬лл빬Ůĺܿġ
סһʱʧ
㲻ڵЩʱգھƫƧƾɵڡ֮еԺ˵Ӧ֪ɣһ¶˼սͷأڳָܳԿģ಻жѣֻǲԸȥί£ƿԼ˵ζܣѡ㣬֪㶨һھǣȻ㿴ҵǶԵģڲ࣬ܰĵĹŮ𡣡
֮Цݵ󣺡ĻѽٸҵǸˣܳܿˡ
ڳ֮׵Ŀ£¶Щɵ飬ЩЦˡ
ڶգ컹δ֮ױ𴲣סĵط޵Ե䷿ط䲻ȴ֮࣬Ȼ֪㡣
ԼϴɾùŮĵźɫȹֹɫаҴȥٵˮԼˮ¶ȣȻҨˮͭڡˮͬʱ棬ٵһݻƸ⣬Щ
һжʰúɫɷ֮׶ͭݵ޵Ѿˣվڴ齱Լ£֮æ߹ȥ˵𶯣
ݰڴ齱ߣеĲšɣݸݡ
ݲò˹ȥЩȻ˵һԼ°ɡ
֮һڷɣźұһղ㡣
޷վֻó֮Ϊ£ҲȽϷ½ãǹ峤ɫĶŰƣѡ˸򵥵ֻмһĿʽͷ𣬶ʱ˿ȥǱá
ͷһȥ밲һ˫ŮҲڣԵʽһЩ
֮һΪһ̾Ϣݣѡ˼ĸɸòǣǱǸºͺദ֮ˡ
Ϊγ֮׻˵Ϊһݱ࣬δ뵽񾹳˼
δ˵Եɣֻͷһɡ
֮׼ģΪģ˭˲˾ݴôùЩأȻþܺúûݡ
ǰ֮׽Ƹ˳ݸ˵ӣǻ֪ܻ
ݳƸ⣬ó֮Ҳԣֲֻóһ飬塭ǷŶˣ֮İ֮̾¹ùòĲһǰ㣬Ҫϰˡ
ʱʱպã֮ױһͬȥ
ǱԷĶ࣬ȥԷõƷԷȻӵסǧԷ幫סԷԶδ˾ӣǲԷݻ
һȹףȹϵأͷⱦһֳŲ򢣬һŰյǳ
ʱӺ幫δص¸ĸ밲ĸ򸣽𰲡
һ˫Ц⣺ЩɣڹɻӦ
ĿĻصĸȻӦ
Լͷɨĳ֮ףٿȻüһᣬ⹬Ůô£Ļڲ£ǴȥĻڱⷣվɣ
֮ͷƴѸһ£վá
ʱ˲ת飬ǹ𣬶ĻӶǸƢŮɲܹǣظѧǵѧĸձɸȥԷУս̵һŮſɡ
˻ȫݾܾأ֮ںవҧȴֻ˭ȷʵԹеĹ֪֮٣ϵͳѧϰһȻϳ⼧ֻѰĴѰĴ
ʱӺ幫٣δҡڵڣŵһ˲漴Ǻڵĸ˸ʶĸ밲ˣĸ򸣡
幫劼ǹظܵĸ򸣽𰲡
˶£ȴһҡѣһԲ
һεıۣͬķ϶һȦʯѱǹӸģ劼ȴǼ򵥵ǳɫȹǳͷδһĨ׹űޱ飬һԡ
κϵЦݱֱ۵ףͬˣʵζչΣ
һģи̫ڵ̫ǳԣһᣬȤ
ԸˣЦĺϲ£죺ùѧϰĸԵοĻ곤꣬Ļʵȥ˹Ӽ࣬Ҫ̵
εɴ˫ĿǲǼԣûлӦֻغһ
ݾнףӣЦ˵Ļ಻СˣζʱűͨѾߣΪĸԵһЩգѰģϳ˵ĹŮ͵ԷС
䣬ݻδ˵ѾȻʮĸƾͨѾߣҴǰʮգ׼һͨѾߣݳªûҸÿƯģ˲
ⷬ˵꣬ʱɫ˫Ŀʱ纮㣬ŵ˻ȥ
ϲɫ˵°ɣζ¡
劼˸˳
劼ʼûδݶ໰ֻǿһۺֱˣݺͳ֮ҲҴ뿪˲ʵ
صԷ󣬳֮ŭĸԽ޵һ±㵹˱һ²豭ûģ
ݼ˵ɽ̵淣㣬ұպҪˣʵǲԸһȥһ󼧹
֮㶺ļ޲һݵԴļٵһ£οҲطңǼҪͨѾߣݣ㻹𣬱Ժȴ˵㰡
˵꣬ݺ֪ĵ˵ͷ
֮׸ˣվΧӴתݽ͵òƯͨѾߣȴȻӳɫʮ꣬ȴҲҪͨѾߣڷϣݣ򲻿ЩŮȾι㶼ҪסԼ
֮׿ģˣЦЦģҶǷκιϵ಻ῴġ
϶Ҫġ֣֮ضҲֻ߶Էסɫջ󡣻УȥӼ࣬Ҫò׾֪Ⱥϻ۹ˣ˼޵ģôɵ˼ǻ뺦㣬֪𣿡


14 
һҹ֮׵ĳ˵࣬ΪݱâܱķӣȻΣɵţԳ֮ÿ鶼ͷӦ
ˣ֮Ȼһû˯ãû취ͬǰȥӼ࣬ԼҪֽܹڹ棬һ֪йзĴ£ȴ޷֪չӼ˭۸ĻЩϸС֮켫ݻ˳Կ˴ǰЩƧأǸİꡣ
صĳ֮װ˯ѣֱ峿ֱһŮǰ˵Ļӵ£ԸūΪµŮڹ棬Щʱձɻ̣ͬԵչ˲ܵʱ򣬻ūһֽ̳ͬʱϵ£ضܹ㵽
һԹŮĸһɫ׾˫Ľ۾ƻЦ΢΢٬˵ĺܣ֮⣬㿪ʼ࣬ѡľ겻òĹŮĲʲôͨѾߡ
һǰȥӼŵģȻǻģ֮ױԷڽֵܶĽ̵
֮ΪйŮδѧϰŮ棬ȴҲò٣׼۶ηĥҪסΪڹУѾõĺ·ǸԵΨһ;
΢֣üϬǺƳ´ţԵĹ֣ݲŭһٱޣ˵빬ū㲻ǺݣҪùеĹأΪŮҪһ֣в׼ͷЦ©ݣ·Ҫܾ˹ˣЦ޲಻
֮վԺУɪɪ£ͷǡ
õ䴦¶СۣԺƽ̹ʯ·ϰ·һ̤һأǸ˦֮¶Сϣʱӡһۣ֮򱻴򷢳κ죬ֻٴһ£ֱĲٷһ˿һ
˹˴գֱ֮ѾӲԭں±㱻ɪɪСͨ죬滹ϵۼȻ֮δ򱻴һʱѾҲ·ʱĴ͵ԣ΢
ʱһߣӼڡ
峿ǰʱȻһƬЦ֣һԭԵʱ˷׷װĿͶĿк棬ζ
Ȼݼʶõֻκ幫劼ȻǸڵ飬劼ֻһۺתƿߡ
ѽ˭һȵʵĪǴеĻʵܣ
ŮӴ˷֪ʣǿϷĳ⣬ŷȹ죬ױͷΣ˼ŮӽˣȲ劼Ƕˡ
ݲδĬĬߵһ˵Ľ䣬Ѱ˴еķ¡
歼Լߵ磬㿴һȫޡ
ЦҰİˣ㻹Խ˵
һЦˣǣҵĴˡ
һ࣬һ൱ҡҡͷݣᣬǹ޵Ц⣬ͬθոյۣ˵磬˻أĸŵԻعʵѪǻʺճҶֵܣҰ֮ˡ
μ䲻мĳЦĸ綼ˣ𣿼˾ͻ˵ûҲʶϲ㣬ҪѧҰ㿴ǲȮͻдߣ
˷༸˶̲סЦӳ˳ҪʲôȴѸٱϣ
ǡɴʱ̫̤˶ٽͷӶڷǰ̫Ǵͽģѷ֮Ӧͬȴź˸̫ǰڷ
̫ι񣬿ۿյĹϣ׷ԲԣȴüĿࡣ
ϸ֮ʱ˼ոµ鼮ݵģ˵кβ⣬ѯҡ
˵ձ㿪ʼڿ徭Ҫȣݷᣬīȴÿÿҳ⣬̫ǸϣһʱܷҳѰڿݣȻʱ̫ѽѭκݶδϰ
˷ٶҲ಻ԶͨͨУЩݵĴ̶ȣ˷ƵƵ׿ӦӲϾҲݣ˽һЦ
ֱտγ̽ݶĬĬϵķ֮жȹֻ̫ҡҡͷ޷ˡ
ʱĺõʰԼύͯȻߵǰһ鼮˼ҳ˵ĻʵܣǰĸҶչ㣬ұ㲻ܹĸҲЩӵʷˣȽ̽־Σ
ַ̣һԵź쾪̾ЦʲôĻʵ־ʶ𣿵ǻʼҳ˰ա
ηҿֶ֪д
һһͣϣһֱڷǰδţͷһ
㲻ľٶҪѹαֱᣬߵǰ׼Ŵһ̶űĳϰͶһģ鼮һˮУгеҪһֱȫꡣ
ĻʵܣֽսнͶúѧЦ⣬һֽкá
˭ҲҶײ˵Щʲôʱ劼ᣬֱֻߵǰת˵磬ˡ
μ劼Ѿ̤⣬ٲǺηӦͷɱ׷ȥ⻹Լ劼ȵҰ
ȵģ˶ϰߣ幫ͶǼ˸ͬһ㣬ΨҧĿſڣȻʰԼĶȻˡ
ֻʣ俺ݶˣ俿Ȼʹͷݣǰϸķ𣬹˵ĸ磬俣㲻Ҫյ³çԸ裬ˣк£ȥ칬Ѱҡ
δȫ俵Ļͷûֻ̧಻Ǹ֮ˣ˶ŸڱװʾãСо
俵Ƭ̣Բ˵಻ɫ˼ֻ֣öˡ
Ӽڻָݿſһ˵ڣޱߵǰǽһƬˮӵ䣬鼮ȫһ⣬⣬սĺϱӳЩ
ݿƬ̣ĮƸոʲôҲδ˵Щͨ಻Ҫ֮ԲǿһϷˣֻԼǲеһǣˡ
Է·ϣһ·Ů֪֮ݽ裬Ŭ࿿˵ЩοݣȻݿδһۡ
ֱŨѬĴ̱ζüת˵̫ˣԶ
ʱĴƬ̣ǲԼȴòԶаԾջһѬ֮
Էڣ֮ѽյѵ棬͵͵ԼֻСϵ˺ҩʹһ˫۲Ų΢һЩˣ֮ױ³䣬˺ȫסϿŷġ
ݻʱǲ˻ģڱֻ˳֮һ̺
֮վҪΪݲˣȴ˵ͬԣұҲԡ
֮޷ֻ˵ڲҪԼԣֻҶ˲ſ
ݵͷ꣬˿ǵʵֽտе㣿
Գ֮ЦܣڵĹֻ·ѣΪ·𷣣ɵģѧܿ졣
ݷǱã㣬㶨Ҫҡ
֮׺ҵĵͷݼһ⣬ʵڹӼбۣӺ̫𣿡
ݳе⣬ЦĴҺܺá
Գ֮ɿе㽾ĵұ˵װͨһЩû˻ἵ۸㿴ˡ
һЦȤ£ĵĳţ޵˰ʱΧ壬׷δɶԷ˵Ļ඼֪Է
֮ϲɵƬ̣ػסǰ˲õЦݡ


15 
ڶգ̫ýߴ£ԭᣬ󲻾ߡ
Ҳ˸ܣʵ̫ѧʱĿĳ鼮ŭʣĿհ˴
Ȼвģ˷θˣдᵽȥڼ֮ϡ
Էڣ֮׽ѧϰԽģԱⲻС۱򣬵Ҳϰ࣬ʱĺˣΪ˫ֻܸɻĴСȶǣ߻ų顣
̫ҽҩѼףûҩ֮׶֪Լס
µףѩ׷֮꣬ӭһѩٴһƬ˪Уһɫ
мձǳϦˣʱлٰʢĹ磬ʵɡӹһͬǬԪڰţɳ꣬˹˶Ϊⳡæµ
ǵûϳ谮˻׿ϣ׼԰ٰһ¡صӭ磬ʱ룬Ҫ¼߹ٺ»ŮǣͬƸʫӭ£νѵõһ硣
ŵùּ⣬֮ײⳡ֮ʱڵ顣
ʱ࣬ӹϡƽȴ˴Ҳδʲô
֪Ҫٰһӭ磬һлӹǲʱ򣬳֮ױ㼱еҪ빬ݣʱ֪֮٣бŶݺʺԹҪǰֵóҵһȻȻǲǰȥġ
ƽﾩٰĴͬûݵλǲʹģԼŮ컹ܽ˻ӹӴļҷ˲ԼĵŮʢװϯأԳ֮Щʱ뾡һа취»ŨױĨѾߵǰȥɣֻܴǰȥ˱΢ЩҡȻӯ
ٽǰƭ˳֮ףͬ˴£ԲΪΪִҪΪױ磬֮ӯͥԺУӭĲʲô֬죬һڹ̵ķˮӭ˳֮׵ݣܵĲܣȴȻһױˮ޷޸ˣԴ˻ա
Ȼδ빬˷˲ģᾪʥݣ벽
Щʹ£·գ֮ҡҡͷعɢЩĻ䣬רעĿǰµһ벻֪ӵ̡
ڼѵó֮ݵЩУտԷ塣
֮һ£ӣһ̧ͷʵݣ¹ùںδ
΢㶣ݵū۷˫ĿϹ˫ѷϡ
֮𾪣֪˻ʱ㶨˵պ͵͵ȥū۷Ϊ¹ùЩʳҩ
üǣȥֱ̡
˶ӣѰȻԷȻȥū۷ֻҪСĽӦ˷ֵġ
֮ѾȰ˼޹ֻñͬ⡣
統գһæйŮūΧӶܣǣڼѡĿͷΣķоǲԽǿҫ۵ĽԽֻЩ󲻷ƵûһԵλĻƽڡ
ÿĹ磬ڱԵǻ
ŮִȸƽΣֵ̿˵ԣ಻ȷڲĩӭ磬չɵʱ򡣡
ֻóΣˣνӭǡ
һԺڣƷԷƵƵǰǧԷִֻҪ幫ͬɫʽſɣһֱԸūȥǧԷ̽劼ʲôȹЩΣνǺһ֡
Է徲ˣ֮ݣΪʰ׵Ȼȴ볣֮˿ڽǣԭɱǼʹ͸һѣǼ۵İ׽˿Ƕ鱦ǶżֵƵı䣬ɫһ˶Բİ͸¶һɹÿȴݻ
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֪򱧲ƽ˵Ļӵ£֮Ѿ߲֪ʲô˼ʹİ׽ƫƫѡ˼۵ĳտǹ磬ôעõĻӣ
֮׼һЦֻõûϲֲʲôӹѵֻƾһ𣿵ϲֻ˰ա
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ݼ״Ц̧֮ۿЦأ㿴ĽЩ⣬»˵ܳȥܳȥˡ
ݺЦұҲϲֻһЩ£Һܾû֮˶ײ첻µزµģˡ
֮ɫһ죬ΪҲЩЦ˵ڹҲֻ˵˰Է˭˲ǱҸһͷģҲѽҶЩνģ˽밢ദЩҺݸߣЩū˸㡣
͸֮ͭףޱϣ֮ףҼ꣬һڹвηκˡ
֮δĻϣΪ÷ںϷܵúúãҵĵ£µ֮ҪϿȥμӹˡ
ͷų֮ĻһͬǰȥǬԪ
֮׸󣬿ǰߴӰС꣬һֱģδ̫ӣ֮ʼˡܸлȨƻƴӻĥѺ¶޽ͷĲҾֻʮ꣬¹ǳ죬ڹ⣬ڹվȽŲ󣬳֮׾ͿѰһͨҳ޼ɣһĶԹԹһԣ㲻ݣȵĹԼƽĺ
ǬԪڣַǷ
һһȵĹǹмΪϲʱ̣ǻͬкŮһţбźõŮ빬裬ͬ磬ǬԪһɺ෱࣬Ƿ׷״Ļ֦չõȹȻˣǼѹȺ֮ֻ׵һλãԵĺλʼտտҲƽƽ
һ糣֮׳룬˶ӣĿȻӦӲϾ켸עⲻƽƽϣݵλڻ಻ǰ
룬֮վװΪ裬˵ȥѰ¹ùãʱԷ
˵ŶӣʹĳԵĻ˵ԼҪȥޡ
ĳӻ֣ȻֶһΪݲĻᡣ
֮׳ǬԪҴҳéķСȥҹ·ԽԽ٣ֳֹΧ˺תͷһС·ū۷ķߡ
ʵ˷ٶðգΪū۷Ĵŷλֻţûȥֻ֪λڹƫƧһǣǹŮūԸȥĵطȫӻۻֿ࣬Ҳûй˻ᾭֻйֻᵽū۷ǡ
չ磬־ڸڣȫæȥˣū۷һȥŷջ𣬽Ǿʱǳ֮·ߵʱ
һ˴һʱ䣬Χ˼֮ЩԼߴдųʳҩģŻƵĹƣ֮׼ͷǺֱԶһţҰϿū۷֣ŷȥ
ū۷ڴʱ˿أδüϴˢĹͰйŮūŵ¶أӵζڶҲ̱ǣ֮δЩҴҲ̽һ䷿ֻ֪¹ùǰ֮زȥæ磬Ǳū۷ġ
֮һ·ͷβֱһ䷿ʱ΢⣬ֱ֮ӱŽȥ
һϤӰŮͷҲޱȣհݣ˫£˫ĿаãһƬ޹󣬸ǣµĴϱйȾŢлһֻûˢĹͰ˴УʶˢӼϴˢͰ
֮ԭأȾ˫ͨ죬ѣŲз֮Ůﻹ¹ùãǸȾйŮǫ˳һƯŮ뾫¸Ůӣַھܼβⷬء
֮űӣ¹ƣ߹ȥ¹ùеĹͰһߣ˿ϴ̱ǵζͳϴŵʳĨһеʪ󣬽ݵ¹ùõĻС
¹ùãң֮ףˡ
סƬ̺Щץס֮׵֣üɳƵɤ˵֮ף֮ףڴˣߣ빬ץ̣֮߰ס
ų֮ף֮ȴս֣õϣ¹ùãްݰҴŮŽչ˿̽㡣
»˻񣬹ãʵݣ𣿡
֮ƴͷãһжãհࡣ
¹ȻЦˣкãұ㲻ʺиˡ
֮׿ģȴʵ̲סļ¹ùãĲã㣬Щū㣬ĻӵĸǵʺĴŮôôĵĴ㣿


16 
ҡҡͷų֮׵֮Īޣұǽ֮ʮǰӦʺչĵ±ѻȥδնף³Թԣ⹬ˡ
¹ùãаݺڣģ취ܽȳȥ
֮׼ᶨ鵭ȻȻҲ볣֮ڹ֮ͨܣһз˰Ȼͳū۷ȥȥȥģ˾ٿν췽ҹ̷
˵ųָ֮æĴӻͳҩ֪࣬¹ùڴ˲ܣѶڲסϵ˺ۣСƿ¹ùñڣһƬˣһܣҩ൹ȵĨЩ˺۴
֮ӣ¹ù˵๬£ѧϰ棬ıԷἰݣΪЦ¹ùãѧڹв׾ֵڴϻۻ˼ޣ˻ѹ˵ͨһЩ͵һЩڹûġ
¹ùÿЦҡͷ̫Ƨ˶½ӻẦ֮ףҺ࣬һʧ˿أҪסֹ
֮ƬӦû뵽¹ùûݡ
֮࣬Ϊ¹ùҩЩ㣬ΪʰŢĴ齣ǼζŨش̱ǵĹͰϴˢɾЩ鳣֮׶ͷ󺹣Ůǻδӹл֮ܳȥˮһ׾ĲϸĵΪ¹ùþֲĸʰࡣ
һУ֮׽һԣתͷŷ֣ոջ¹ùȴȻ棬ſն˫ۣˮǣ΢΢죬ʹʵĵʹͷ˵֮ףǶԲס㣬Բסҡ
¹ùͻȻѣֻǰھ˽ڳң˼˱ʱ߶ЩЩۼң಻Զ뾩ǣ뾡취ң֪ǱˮнҶǵһ˿һɲ¾¶۵䲻ֵǮҲԸʺﻹ˳֮ȴҪԽݣڹΪūΪ澵Ļ࣬˶Ϊ
֮ױ¹ùòѵŵôԣһٲǰԴԹˡ
ã֮ƽ˵¹ùã㲻ѰҵʮǰΪʺĻӴ㣬ӲѴ˴λϵּˡ
ʮǰչ˰ʱѻȥҵֺγأʺǳҵĶˣҲ´ʱ̹Ȼ˽յĺգײڲԹԵˡױһھǽͷҽ빬Уұ֪ҪĻмǹŮݣԸࡣ
֮ȻıʮǰҲԵڲԹڵ֮£ڳǷʺĶ飬ѹ޷
һȰ⣬¹ùǻЩ
֮װ˵¹ùãū۷ӣ밢뵽취Ȼȥ򲻿ԼΣһֱ㣬㶨ҪúõĻŲС
¹ùᣬͷӦá
ɫҲ쵽β֮Լ̫ûᱻִ¹ùõֻŹƴҴҳū۷һ·ϳСԷķǰȥ
֮ǰδ¹ùû˵ѹ֮飬֪¹ֲ£ԳңԼ΢Ĺػչˣ֮Ҳµˡ
ǽľѳۣ֪֮Ψаȥ
ʱ󣬳֮ױܿҹѲ֮ˣ·ϣһ·㷲ֱĹź˿
ʱɢǶŲ˹֮ǽλˣòԷſˣٿĶסŹƣȥ
һŮԷǰӣ̽ͷ̽ԣ֪Ρ
֮һݣ
ǹŮתܣ֮׷ɶԷȴѸٵĽ֮˦˵ݶδܵˣֻԼҪһЩ֮δصԷſü̽ȫδ쳣ŽͥԺ
ǰŸջﻹü˼ǹŮ£㱻ĽŲͻੲݵ˼
ĵ£֮Ѿͷ統նҽ͵¶֪˭˽ᣬȥ͵ˣƽźĲλ͵ˣܡ
֮׻ع̤ڵݶһ۱ЦˣݿȻ˷֮ɫ
һԵĻһ֮ףüֱһӣָų֮׳ܻ͵ˣ㻹ԼǸѾҿȵ»ĺܣ˵ϯϯĵ£⻹𣿡
ͷӲʣҽġ
ĶʱҭסĿݵĻ֮ԣֱǻԹ޴йֵֻһ۳֮ףһת޵лһߵ¼ŮܵĻӣ
ˣ֮ҡͷ˵˵ˡ
ݲδﲻԣɻܺ£ҶӦ˵ҷ㣬Ϊģ
֮һ㶣ЦǸóֿп޵Ļӣľ˲ŸҲûȥ˵²ϲּݹ²ͷĴģ
ʱҹˣֻǶˣ֮˵ҹ̽ū۷֮£ֽ¹ùõ֪ݣڷгĬãʱδ뵽õİ취ȳ¹ùá
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ڹм粽Уƻӵݼ𲻵ã֮Ψһ뵽İ취ǮǮȥͨڵǹŮūţδɵó֮뵽ıǶ֣ڹϣʮֶȻڹЩŵģܳûץסӣȻ᷽ܶࡣ
䳣֮Ϊݸϴ˴齣Ϊ´ᣣ˵¹ùãԹң
֮е죺ΪԹ㣿
ڴϣγĿ⿴֮ףԹΪӣȴδܾ
֮ʱһ̣ڴ齱˵Թ㣬ֻϣܺá
ݴ
֮סݵִԼԶĵΪİݣһһֱ㣬ң¹ùþȳġ
̧ۣס֮׵֣ʵһֱң
֮׺ԥĵͷ
չգá
֮Ϩڵĵƣƫ
ڰһֱδ˯ޱ˫ۣзѪɫеһѪӿѪ޷ƽ
ֱҹʱҹ˾£ݷ´ѸٵĴһɫò棬ǽϵĶ̽޵һ·ṦܿѸǱȥū۷
ûڰū۷Χǽɨӣǡɴʱūҹҹɫޡ
˴ŹǷ٩Ҳ˳۵ĹŮ˽ϷˣȤ
һ˵ŶʳҾ²ϧˣֲмڹϳˡ
Ů˱ˣϲСġ
ɱ𱻹Ƿ֣ڹǵԴ¡
ĸ˿ū۷㵨Сġ
ūűЦϵ˿תһ˲㱻һƷڵһ˫Ŷ쵽
ҹֻŵðνһְ糣
գū۷ĹַǽǴѪܵūţǱͷ˫˫ֽ飬˻һڣȴǳ׷ˣ޴ӵ֪ʲô˴£ֻ˲ǵĹˡ
ū۷ĵͼūż˼Ҳᣬ˻ܣֵǮһϢδ


17 
µ³ֵʱ֣ǻδůѩڻ
Щʱճ֮ױŶѧأϴݴӹӼţĶ죬һձǹȥˣֻÿٲ˱𷣣ҲźӲģʱ򶼸ҳݶˡ
֮ʣһֱæµᣬϾȥݵĲ磬һֲٰӭҲ˾ƷԱϵŮ빬ͻƷ裬԰װۼѩһеİʢ˽԰ӦģԶĵطмδл÷һ
һˬӹѾ룬Ψ幫ӱûֻҪӵλȻϾ˼˭Ҳӣ쳯нһĹԱŮϤǰԴԴŹĳʱ԰ڱѻ㼯˲С빫ӡ
԰Ů빫ӸǷֿģָֻĲԶŮڻ԰ͻӸںͤƷ踳ʫ߸һţܸˮ
һʱ԰ڻǻ˽ԴⰻȻ
ճ֮ʼ֪࣬оٰ룬ݳͷʱԽǲԽãֻװ磬ҲԹϣֻлһԷĿһ࣬вԸ
԰ڣʼʵصĸ󣬼ӽͤڶűͲۣͷҲʼյʹţδõ˵Ĺע֮ĬĬվʱʱΪѣͬһ㣬ͤһǡ
ڻģѽʿܵŶԲ࣬ȥ׸ƶˡ
ͤȼˣ𽥶ӸǷ׷׵ǫǫҾװķΣ֣Щʮĵ踳ʫ濴ȥȷʵһ˲ŵģʱһ԰ĸŮǣЦ̽֡
Ϊ׵ģȻΣŴΪۣŰĻɸ˲òηмӣƨͤڲڶ
֮͵͵̧ۿ˿һɨȥЩͷĹӸֻʶãһ֮ǰһة֮ߣһʷ߽ܡ
߽ڳ֮Ԥ֮еģһϲ˻ģڸֻӯ֮£Ȼ˵ŶԲӯˡ
ͤڣ߽ܴƵƵڣȵģ˲ʣʼһڲԶ̸δյλӽǰ
֮װľⳡĽȴʱλһȦͤսϷʵĿɨϣһҵĺĵܣİβԲհˣλػδĻʵܰɣҸͷʫһס
Գ֮׽ŵվں濴ݣͤĹӸҲ˹ȤȻ˭˲ʺĵճӸȤ֪ӻعĻӵǺηʥ
ȴľګ̧ͷֿ֣Ҳʫ
ԾˣЦǻּԲãĻʵܲѧ־ˡ
˵Ҳ̲סЦ˼˿Ӱ죬ͷĳ֮Ȼȭһŭ޴йһٵĸԼҪסڴ£ԼֻǸССŮһһжǣݡ
ףĻӵµѾߵúǱ¡
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Ҳ˹㣬ͷ̧
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֮׺亹죬Ӳ֪ԼòһҲΪʵ˴ǰǱó֮׶Լòһ֪ŹŮѣڸǲסС˫͸ϸϸüӣұ˿ȷǸСӣֻԼ֪
֮ףȥԲ࣬Ļ
ͻȻ£֮׿ݱӰԥƬ̣ǵͷǣתͤ
ڳ֮׿ĵطݱѷѪɫ
֮׵ͻȻϯȻǵμ䲻Ҫݷѣһס񣬺Ц˵֣ڴʫһףոͻȻ뵽һʫĵܱڴ׳ˡ

һ֮࣬㷲ݽ֧ǸΧǵλڴѰ鷳α䳰ȷһ»ݻ
룬֮ĻţĿȥ԰ѰģĹȥڱҲݱѹ
ȻԽԽǻӣһˡӯ
Ÿոתһػ̳ײӯŮͼλŮһͬͻӯһ۱ϳоǾȣת˲˿ţְȻǱģŪġ
֮ɫһʱߡ
ѽҵĽźˣλڴ棬λŮȥҩ
ӯ븩ӿ֮ף̧죬üϴŵЦͼּ
֮׼״ԭ𼱻ǵ̬ƽӯһʢװģԭװûȻԼ֮ȻֻܰѸոմӴܵĻӯˡ
֮΢ЦӯСū
֮ǰӯںһ·ŶԷƫƧٵĵطߣֱߵһҼɽ⣬ͣ²˵ؾ԰˶ĵط䲻ԶвľڵΡ
֮׻ӯЦװˣ
ӯԲᣬ̧Χų֮תһȦ漴ЦйŮùŮ³һأǻ㸸׳̫ҽǸ˾ӣȴ캦֮£ųնֲǰ۰Ͱ͵ҸŮڸ̺·ĸ˫Ļȴȥأ
ӯ̣һ˵ЦЩȴ֮װֻǰƵĻ̫ˣһλᱻĻĿͨ죬˱ƣˣܹ鷭ȥǼ仰ΪĭԼء
֮ײ²𣺡Ҳĺܺãڹޱȣδ뵽ҵͷСġ
գӯüˬ˵˵仹ԼҷȰ㲻ҪԼŮŮǴùͷڹдţʷ򸮿ɶˣ
֮Цˣǰӯ۾һһϹϸ𣬲ǽҶĵ¡
㣡
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˵ճ֮ױѸץסӯһֻףĨһҩȥЯҩĩֱӽӴƤʹУ˾ӯһ˲۵Ӷվֱ
֮Ц˵԰λŮСǶ˽ŵأ˷ٶͣҲֻ˽ţҩ߲͡
ӯʹĽţѵȴ糣֮˵װ˽ŵⰵ޴˵ֻ£ָų֮ףµʹ볣֮׶ۣԼĽʲôʧת뿪ɽȥѰԼŮ
ӯһȳһյģ֮򴽲ССĳͷӯ˵ԶԶӦܵʹñǧ򱶡
֮תȥѰģɸ˼ɽ㿴˲֪ʱڼɽʯһϮµߡ
һʱ֮ԭأнţĪǸոӯ½Ա߿ˣ
߼ȴ״µ˵֮׹ոͤЩȣѰ㣬δ뵽ĻӵµĹŮǰھо˼Ҹһ£δʽлк£ةฮܹĵϣ᲻㡣
΢Ц崺磬һƸոʲô֪һ㣬ֻΪ˵лβ泣֮ˡ
֮е״Σҡ㡭ոնˣ
ͷ
֮Ӳɺ˵£ò׸һΣȫΧۣʱеæͷ칫ӵ治лңҪıĵ°ɣǵµŮҵְڣĵ³էԴӦеո֮칫ܲ⴫ûȥĵ̺ˡ
˵Ҳ߻Ӧ֮·Ťͷߡ
ͽߴԭأĻʻ˶ҡͷ
ĻӱԴ֮һʫ
ʫ߶ȤƤ˶ǣгݣ˶ֹ壬˶˲Ϊ


18 
֮ڶתãҲûĵӰ԰ʱ˶ӣŮ洦ɼһʱ֮仹Ĳ֪ľģ֮޷ҵ̫ϵݵİΣֻתԻصͤ
ʱѴһƱӸǳͤ˴ֻ԰ĺоǷãͻ;㣬԰ĹŮǸһиˮź򣬲ֺ
ûϴʱֻһ˶ͤڣ˵˼̴Ϣʱ䡣
ǿΪ㣿֮׵ʵ
ҡҡͷްֻʫ
֮ɿƲ̾ԽԽˣҶתһȦ˶δѰ
ݲû±á
֮ижչջЦϵľСɿɰлĵ·ū澽Χ
΢㶣ͷе㲻֪롣
״֮׸ǱЦ
֮ײ֪ǣʫºڷãˣ˵ʫ䵱ӾδЦĻ󱲣˵׵ʫ䣬ȡ˲ˡ
ӭ֮ϣϯ߹ټҾǣԼνǳ˷ɣŻ󣬽鱦˵޼۵ϺϣһŻ϶ĳ谮ϵõ˲ٷǵĴЩٷв͵ھˣж˭Ҳҽòѹ˼಻¶Ӻݻ󣬹кûУץЩٵСأķ˶֪͵£δԼҹǷǡ
Щ˾ǣƨĵǡôնüˬһʱҲֻҪ˵Ƕλ󹬺Ůӣ
һռãССʹǸÿ˶һݹƵһ֣Ůзݣɼг졣
֮ȴֻһǸˣͲʳЩģܳҲǱ¹ùθڣ¹ù֮һճ壬ٳԵڶڡ
ݸδԷѸ͸˻ġ
һղټĻģ䵹׼ʱԷɫ󴺹ͶûУݲ˵ʲô֮ȴݷС
˵źӲģȴδӰʺ񲻷㣬¸ڶ֣㲻ɣ
֮ŻģҲ֪˳æЦȥٶַ⡣
˵űͷȥŷƵĳ֮һ˵ңҶ⣬ģ⼸վĶƮˡ
ЦЦ޷֮ҲܶЩʱദ
ѽ̫֮̾˵󻹸㣬Ҫһˣ֪˭ӡ
ݹɵͷ
һҲĲŷҪ˷⣬һΪⲻǼֽĻӵҹ
˷ֵĿȦɵ㣬֮ױû˵ʲôȻڶգȴ˴¡
֮һδϴһ󣬶ˮȥ̺ݣݾ˯δẰ˼ҲδӦ
֮ײԣˮ裬ƿ˴ᣣȻֽɫ촽ϣͷ亹ܣ
ݣݣ
֮׶ʱˣȥ˯ŵĻģ࣬ԼǼҴҵı̫ҽԺ
֮Ѱ̫ҽͣԼȥһ˸Է֪Ļӵм̫ҽҩæǰȥ
һӣ̫ҽǰΪ࣬򢴦ڰĺ뻹΢΢š
֮һԲҳѾգݲʡµڴϣѣջúõˣվȻ㣬ʱڲ̺򣬻ܳ©𣿳֮Ȧ˿˿죬ݽиôǻҲú˳
Ļӵ£˷ж¡
̫ҽ仰ͬ˲ó֮ԭء
мɬСʵɻأ
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̫ҽһ۳֮ףҡҡͷ֮£Ӳ𷣡
֮׸߸ģ̫ҽһ䲢غŻ£ֱںýŻػ˵÷
̫ҽɷ֪ĵж
̫ҽ˼Ƭ̣ϸ˿жݺ˵ҲµĲӦʳжɫζǳʳвױҴ˶Բᵼ»Էǡ
Գ֮׷ת㳯̫ҽ˴
̫ҽһæΣС֪֮Ů˴񣬻ѰҡĻӵ£̫ҽԺְ𣬺񡣡
֮ȴ֣صˣ̫ҽˣĵĲö̫ҽԺ̫ҽδؿǰΣ֮ĹϣΪͽҽ
Դ̫ҽȲѣʵ̫ҽԺ֮ףҽ˵ãȴΪʦ
֮׿ЦʱףδҪ̳²ѧϰҽֻЩƤëȻղ֪һҪ
ĻӵµĹ̫ҽ룬ջӦҲգպÿգ̫ҽԺѰҡ
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Ļжһ£һʱ㴫˻ʹ˼ͻϡ
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һͨδкβףȴģõںδΪβĻ̺򣿡
Գ֮ҲΪ棬΢΢ĿģʱĻȻͷ󺹣Ҳѣˣ֮Ҳ֪¶һ¾ǻģѾƽΪӦûеҶӡ
һͷڵϣϣūūֻǼһūţū˽ҵū澣вңšű棬ūǱвȵģūһ
ʳ
֮𾪣ǶʳڹǾԽֹģҲֲռǻģԭڹСˡ
ūǲҵǰ˵汳ģͼõϵܹġ
Ȼʳһ£ڻݲɳӣΪͷӻֱӺ˽ūźͻһȥƮƮ֣նˡ
ݽ棬ڹбˡ
Ŀ޺ĵصڳ֮׶ߣ˸ᡣ
һ߻ѯһ̫ҽĻӵµ֪޴󰭣黺˼֣򼧹ȴ͸¶ŲֱԵշҪʲôӭ磬ʦڣʲô˶ţĻж޳£ҲͣЩ
ʹͷĨǣȴߺΪݲֱӱ˶
ɨһԹڵϵĳ֮ףһȥʮ塣


19 
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üһһʮĽж֮ˣ֮ױʵĸݡ
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üͷʵ˸ҩ
ͷϹҩˣ̫ҽ˲ҩڴˣ˵Һ֮׹Ӻã˷ƤˣָЩʱձɴá
ݷǲ˸Լ˳֮ǰ
ʱʱ֮ײŴӻ˯תѣ۱㿴࣬ĿǵĿ
֮׸æİ̧ݵӣŵݣĲڴЪϢ
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֮׿ѻָյɫ֪޴󰭣̾˵񳿿жѣŵòᡣ
֮ףң˷
ݵͷɥѣ֮׼״æס֣ҡһҡ˵ʲôʮ巣Ĳأûб㣬ʱ̸Ծ֪ж֪ǺʱеĶԲһ亹оԼǰδеܡݣ¹ùҽʣˣҲٿǳ¡
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˶һۣЦЦ
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֮գʱЩ㣬Ϊ޷ʱࡣ
ÿնʱҩ࣬ڼݻҪΪҩߺĳְֹ֮ݺúýһ飬ŮܲףŮӹ׽ŮӲΪʸӶն֮ˣ¶ԷҪΪҩҲС
Ȼȴί˵֮ײŮӡ
֮ôһµҪͬ⣬ſҽ
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˼ǰ󣬳֮뵽ı󣬻Էһţǻȥŷģֲǻ¶ˣм䶨ǳ©
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ϸϸ˼˼֮ײ¶ۣϾ涼δûɻ¶οҲǵܺߣ飬֮׻䵽Ǹˡ
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֮Ҳ˿УÿպиļȥŷΪĻӶţһʳҪ̤ŷԺӣ㿴ԺһǴЦá֮ü͵͵߹ȥһ
ŮūΧһ𣬶ŵ֮һȭһ߷٩
ҰҲ뵱ˣʲôյ»ǸջѾߡ
һСŮקŵ˵ͷݺݵĳһĭ
һūü۵˵̫ݣÿԡ
ߣ֪նβˣֱһƣū澵˿˵̧˵֮һƣձػף⹬ŮȴưոݣұȻȥҲ˭᣿ΪΪ˲ɣ
ڵصŮʼյͷۣͷɢңѹ಻˵ϢģǻۣΪһ㡣
һԵūװʵֱֿͣϮأڳԣùūҲζ
֮׶𾪵ĿһĻһ̲ˣžһӵϣӦ飬ǼŮūҲˢˢŵĿ˹ü۵ūһȵĸģ
֮״վ˳ЦЦǸĹŮǰţµʳŷԺˤˣλȥ
⼸ŮūһǸʶΪӴʱɢ棬ĵЦԭǸģٶһϺõ
漴ɢȥֻһĨǱӰ
֮׷е̣߹ȥ֮˷û뵽ȻԼҪ߼֣Ů볣֮£ɫĮʰ׵ӦҲǸ˶²ˡ
ȥգҷģҶ޶⣬ǸԷĹŮ
֮ʾãһǵĿ
ԷֺݺȻֱ˦֮׵֣ɳƵɤ³֡



20 
֮ײԣ֪Ϊĵֻ֮ÿǵ߳ŷԺӣĨӰó֮һϤĸо˼ãͻȻ뵽˹գū۷ϻԷʱſǸĹŮ
ĪǸ
ΪȥԷѵҪı
֮ջǽ¸ݣƽСģҲ˸ͬȥӼʱҪ֮˽ӽ
֮ڶֽЩʱշˮĿ£ʱǰȥ̫ҽԺѰ̫ҽ
̫ҽǰ˵ͳһ鼮ݸ֮׺ź˵ţʲôʱˣʲôʱѰҡ
֮׽ӹᣬǡٲݼպ񣬱Է
Ȼʱƻʱ֣ݴŸŸմӹӼԷԷǰͻȻһŮһˮˮ֮㣬ݻ¾ʪﾪĸæǰȵūţ
֮ԺæɿһĨϤӰͷܣٶ֮һգ۱㲻ټ
񣡡
֮ƶ׷ˣæѺͲʪݹתͷԸ˵ȥĵ±ˮ
ϴˮȻڴϽ˼磬֮ææ⣬ȥС˽ݺ²ŷ߷߲ƽ񾿾ҪΣ֮ǰԺһҲǳ֣ոǵԷǰˮұȥŷ
ݱ֮װڽУ̽ͷЩ˵޷޴󰭡
˻޴󰭣ɵݡֵ֮һ£ֲԩ޳ιԸ㣿
˼һвʣԹҡ
֮ԳĬƬ̣ЩȷʵɴҲԹͷϣԹҲԹҵ빬ٲԹҶɣֵܹϣ㺦кκôٲóǻӣ׷ûкùӳԵġ
룬ֵûա
֮һ㶣ˣдΪȻûȥ
ŷǰűѹ˿ûκηӦЩūǰܵͨͨϣԭֻΪӣǳջѾߣѹȻѹĸЩǽˡ
˼ˣ֮Ҳ֪Ǻˡ
֮ף䡣
һίĻó֮׻عĵ̽̽ݵĶͷģ¶ȶݴʱڱֻ¶ͷģʵۡ
ȥһ졣֮һȥӣһ治õǶԲס㳯㣬ұǿȥնҪһ
µĽϺ󣬳֮׿㣬߱ӣӦˡ
Цŵͷ
һҹǳ֮˯һԵϣۿ˯ֱʱĺۡ
峿£Ÿȥ˹Ӽַ֮࣬߳һ֣ڵȥŷĵ
Ҳû뵽֮һˣװû㣬ԼеĴֻ
ӴǵһΣ֮״һģȷʵˣüۼ仹һ˿Ӣʼüͷ촽Ĳ¯˫˺ۣжлۡ
֮üߵԵ
ʼ볣֮ױ־룬ĬĬ
һƫƧ˵£֮ײתʵΪζĻӵƵƵ֣е㣿
ޱ飬˵ǿ˳ۡ
֮ü֪Թǵʼٸߣͬһ⹬жǱƲѣˣ㺦кã
ЦһкãԵǽͷ֮ޡ
֮׽üͷͣȴһ˵Ž죿Ҳ֪㲻ҪܵǰָֻţŻɡ
䣬תߣѾԳ֮˵ĵڶι֮ĲᣬӲԣú˵ԣǲãѾܾѹȻٶһ֮֮Ҳ㣬βͷۡ
֮ôҲû뵽ձ޹
֮˼һոηĶԲߣݻʱȴĺЦֻЩСӦġ
֮ģҡͷ˵вУǰڹûôɵЩ۸һڹǱʹ粽У£ҲΣעӽ븣Ҫʱ̲ࡣ
ȻǸ˳֮ܳ࣬ȰȻͬ⡣
ʱ֮ȴ뵽ǲһֶεģְ취Ľӽݣǳ֮׺͸ﶢý治֪ͻȻðԴ֮׷ֺҲٲԼмˣɴĿŵһЩС
ǰ¶ɣһЩɵֶΣǰ·ˮŪʪݵѣкҩƽյʳУݵûʲô£ǰԲ˵ĳ֮˺üնӡ
ЩСϷŻľȻ˽£ԴЩ±ûϹֱůִͣ˲ƣҸ鷳
ֻΪЩС֮ҲܲµΪӴܺ˵ǸѾĴˣݾȻձָ糣ֻЩ˷С³
³֮ÿæת˸ݵճӣӦÿѧĶ֣һпбҪ顶ٲݼҪڷȥŷʳֶһշֱ޲ԼС֮
ݱҲգȻʱɧһÿնų֮׺Цɵ֣мβȾ˷纮Ц֮ײòʮն˯
ó֮ʱ̽Լҹڲ࣬ݺιȥһСС
һȾϷ纮󣬳̲֮ȥˣӣͷҲỵ˵ӣ쳣֮ٴȥŷ֮ǰ棬ú̸̸
ĻӵƣǶʴȣŴη纮㶼ԼţҲιˣٲ֣㵱ôЩ̫
Գ֮ƽ͵ޱ飬ûⷬ
㣬֮ױ֪ûôЭֻúѯʵȻֱԸңҪİſϰݣҲ˵Ļӵ´δ˺£ǼǺޣҲӦԺ޵è̫һµκˣʺ˵Ŀɶԣ
è̫ӣ̧кޣִ֮˶ǱӦ
Գ֮ĬĬʹ˵ԣ빬ǳ̫ҽǳҶԲס㣬޷ж۱ҵԹҪ˭ɣĻӵº޸ϵ
ͫףоԹҧ㾹ǳŮǼ˵Ůôûͬһȥ


21 
ݷ֮ɫã԰ֽҲʱĳ㿪ʼ˿ĺһ㣬ȴҲ˵ôˣʱҪװǿջЦ
һҲͣˣûЩСüûβݡ
֮ЩճԲ£˯á
ԺһֱصǾ京޵ĻǻеĺҪԻɳ֮ʺ뱣סĻӣһͨŮŮҲˣҲбԼȴֻܱƲȦڹڡ
Ϊɧţ֮׷еʱ
ݵİΣˣҲʼɹøŻԷһν棬⹬ʵѽڵѧﲻֹֻܼͣȥ
µʱ䳣֮ױı飬ѧϰҩǱġٲݼѾģȥ̫ҽָһᡶũݡ飬ⱾԱȡٲݼҪ˺ܶ࣬мصľЩϡҩݣЩδţ֮ײò˼档
ƽӹһ£ȵʹþ۰ȥ˱ɽׯемˣӹ඼ȥˣȻǲͬȥģԿҵΪصڹѧһʱ乬ͷȥ˴룬ĴЩʱա
һûϢ֮δ룬Щʱտ౳ҽʳһʱ㽫ͳùģݶЩȥˡ
̯ϵ鼮ϷһԣҡͷͬĶԳ֮˵֮ףʱ㲻Ҫˣ㶼ûʲôЩԷ
˵ž͸֮׼һ⣬Բĳ֮׸æӹ˵ҳԱˣĪҪٸҼвˣͬһͱǴˣɻҪҲˣǸͻȻ㾰Ǻá
ݺ⣬ЦԸΪ֮ײˣ⼸ձ̫ùҵԲ
Գ֮ЦˣȤݣǽⷬԾйŮС˵ػһأῡʵĻӵΪŮԲˡ
ݺߵĺ˶䣬æͷԷΣȴҲ˵ֻ㡣
֮ûзϣǿٵĽǰʳĨĨ˵Ҫץѧϰҽһѧɣһձ㣬Ҳ֮ǰǰԣȴ޲ˡ
סˣ֮ȴЦǳ֣꣬鼮
ԭó֮ʱ˵Ȥݲ֪ԭѧҽΪ˸õı˼һƬȣų֮׵Ӱδܻ
ȵ죬˰ࡣ
֮ױΪԷжȹ˭̫֪δǰɽׯԸ빬ΪԵϰڿΣ˸ε̫ʹݲòÿıǰȥӼָֻ࣬ճ
ļˮ࣬ƣѹ죬ݴŸȥ˹Ӽʱ֮ײŷ˴ɡõֽɡǰʱδδ꣬ӵʱ裬ͣþöδͣ¡
ֱδʱˮȻ㣬ưô֮꣬ȻĲ£ɡԷǰȥӼݡ
Ŵ꣬бȥ˱ɽׯˣ¸˼һ·ֻϡļŮūţ֮׼ӿ˲ֳ˽ҪһСִе·ŢߣɹƬСֱǹӼˡ
ֻרעŽµ·ĳ֮ףδע⵽һ·βһӰǵӰ
֮ʣ֮׺нŲɻĲȴȻǰһϮ
ֱֱıҪؿڵλã֮ͫת壬ܿҪǸβļͷٽǵλãʱѪȾʪźɫ½
֮˿ڣеֽɡٿȻ£ˮʪѣ̧ɫĮоһջ𣬵ǰһ󷢺ڣҲ˶״̬
ڶԲ˵һʲôתȥӰʧĻС
֮Ŵӻͳһƿҩҵ¼žʹʰֽɡಽӼķߡ
˷ˣ֪һѰ鷳δ뵽Ҫ
֪֮ϲԹȥв֪ƬУڴʧȥʶҪˡ
ϵѪ߶ԽԽ֮࣬ҧأҰγΣԼ˵ʣƾڼͷۿֵľͷҪˣӼĴźȻǰʱĳ֮ȻǰһƬģǿ壬εǰֻԶһ
֮׹


22 
֮׻һһҹ, ָ죬ʧѪ֮纮̫ҽȥԷ, ˲ҩĲŽĸ, оա
, Ѿͷ޴󰭡̫ҽĨĺ, ˵ϵ˿ڲҲδ, ֻʧѪ̫࣬δܼʱ, ˴մˮŻᵼ¸֢֮ʱӾ, δܸȾһ, Ҫָ糣շҩЪϢ±ҲȬˡ
ݳͷ̫ҽ
ص, Լϵĳ֮, еѪɫӵˣδδ˯ʱڳ֮, һ
ڹӼǰ, ֮ʪ, ɫֽһѪ۵ĵڵϣݸеԼ·ͣ, ľźµ˼㣬ڳ֮׸ղʱǷԵţбֻʣڴϵˡ
ֱո̫ҽһбҲһ̣ѪɫӿԺоҪγд֮ˡ
ʳʱ㿴ݣзɺ죬ɫ䣬ٲǰʱƵģ·ֱ˾ɱѪĺ֮ˣŵĸŵֶ΢΢֪Ļӣ龰Ļþ
£֮׹£áŰա
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һ£ʳȱܣһҲڵжʱлĬ֮׹Ѱɣū¡
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˼˰ΣǰЩʱճ֮׷״̬ΪѰ֮ŷģȻѲ˸ϵдֻ̣ǹŮΪ
ݸһεҹк£еѪɫŨ˿ƤѪƳɸʬһзӿڵѪ̬֮
ǽϵĶ̽ݱҪ
ݡ
ϴһ΢ĺУ֮ԺۣǰһƬɤݣ𣿡
ǰݶʱֹסٵĽ彣ж£Ŀ侲Ƭ̣ʱеɺ쾹ɢ߻ŵ֮ɳϢĺǰ˴齱˵ڡ
ݵˣ֮׷ĵЦˣƫͷŴ¹⿴˵Ĵ㣬ոնδڵڡ
δֻͣǵʵɻоʣ
֮΢ҡҡͷе㾽ȵŶС˵ҡҶˡ
ݼ״зѪϤɢȥϹЦ⣬ϵյֻ˸ԸЩҪĭ
֮ڴЦݻ˽ⲻĿζ
һ֮ˣڵڴϲæ˵֮׹ˣūȥţ
˵һ̵Ļ˳ȥ֮һͷˮԷʱղ˵ôϤôūżܸ˳
֮һͬţ֪ӦûкúóԶģȴ֪˿δʳó֮׺ú߶һݣ谮ϧԼ塣
ȴ˵δѣұ㲻ԡ
֮׼״һɣ̣Լӡ
ȴͷɥȴˡ
֮׸ɴסԼϵ˿ڽеѽۡ
ݶʱȥѰ̫ҽ
֮ȴһקס°ڣüʹǲҪʱţ
ݸæͷ֮׷ſǰ࣬ü۴Ц˵ұ㲻ʹ
ų֮ǱǳǳľѣݻԼǱϷˣˡ
಻գҲ˴ǣԴ빬󣬱ټ֮ģˣʱǸðЦŮոյĳ֮صЩ
Ǻҹ֮ҲϰռĴ˯ݵ޵һҪ䷿ЪϢҪԹ˯Ӧ£˯һ˯͡
գ֮׻ָһЩ̫ҽҩɫԲ԰ףȴ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
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⼸ǿ˸æǰæԷССȫһϣǰ֮δʱﻹĻӲóԺڻ٣ֵУ֮һԴ޷֪һССԷÿվҲô෱С£жԳ֮һ壬ԼС꣬СÿȴԹ
֮Ȼ֪룬յ龰ʱ֮ҲЩΣ̾һ㱻˻ڣһˣҲҲãʼУڻʳǣ¶ȴջѾߣ˿ۣҲã㲻ó裬Ѿ߸µˡ
ֻһ仰ЩԵɣܳΪ˺ɡ
֮׵ͷ˵ֻҷ࣬󳣼ұҲǷκΡ
ݿų֮ףձմԣ֮ѡԸԴ¼ƽϣȴܡ
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ΪҪԼڽ֮ײö֪
˶ʺӣһڽˣʺ
˺סѻһƬǬԪԶ˶֪ǻϵ߽أԴʺˣ۱δ̤벽йŮ͵͵ȥ͵ȡʺ䱦ϷֱֺʬҲ̶ã˸ҽ
պԭԼǰȥ֮ײͬ⣬һҪͬȥ⼸ջָĲڼ紦µߣֲһͬǰȥ
ԭ彣뷨ֹֻܳó֮ײעʱһذס
ʱɫѺڣ֮δһִƣԽķߣԽϡ裬ǰʱѿκڴˣЩɭɭһƬ
˲Ļգ˿ڴˣɼĺܾû˵ˣֹǰ̧ͷ֣֮ײĿȺû˵
ݳ֮ء
ƿǰصĹţ̤˽ȥ֮׽󣬻ֽסתͷʱǰľһ
ھȼŵƻԺһȾɾϴ˵ӲݴһƬǡ֮෴
մɨһ㣬˾ǣԺеĻؽسŰٻţú죬ЩʻΣҷ˱ǣͥԺγ׵ĳˮлмСϷʱʱһ˿ˮľ֣дС
էۿȥ治Ǿδ˾ӵĵطͥԺ˴˻ڣ·һʺ˱Ҫ̤һ㡣
˵˼ͥԺ֮಻ֺ
֮׿ľδܻ˿ȣֱһǴһϤ
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ЦȻ˵ĹлԼ𡣡
֮ˮͰԳĸĹﱻһ˴ˣɻ⣿
δֻǳĬĿš
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ҲԺһ㣬ʰ˳ȾϸĵĲùЩƿ߽԰λڷţһֱţĿģϳڷŵλλǰյ¯СС¯лҽ裬ʱ˹㡣
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λ߶߶䣬ֶ˵Ļӵ£㲻ΪԼĸһ𣿡
ǰȥ㣬ȼλǰ°ϥ£дߵ£е¯ĳ֮๧ȡݡ
һȦڣɫƽʵˣ˵Щ
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ĸʺ󣬺ˣ㿴ЩֺѰıӻɣŻˣҸ㣬ұҪλ¶УҺʺУֻһʲôǣѵЩȨУ̤ãƾʲôΪҪ⹬ܾ裡
ʮڸܵһ˿֪
ױѪʥ裬֮ǰϼңұʱ⼧ѵ𷣣歲ڽŵΪȴһйĴȥĽڿߣʺ֮Ƥ֮ࡣҽ޵ڶһȾڱ졣ѣ˭Ǹǰڮʺһ˿һƴδɹԼݣһֱʺδ뵽ʮʱ䣬踺أȴĸ
ʺĳµĳ̫ҽǼо
ֻһ֮ŮǱ㽫δٵŮӤ빬ҵԼĸ֪˭֪¿ɻţڹӬӪҪⲻյǽԷԹŮݼȥֻʺһè̫ӣҵһڹУ
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֮û뵽ѹ˶ĺ⡢ίҲ޴ӽ𵽵ΪǸѡ빬ˣһеһУĶ
üԥã֮ײŻڣɬ˵ʺﲢĳҵǼˡ
֮ǰ̧۳ֿĿ˵ԣʮǰѰʱӤھǳ¶һһϢǵسιҩκԻѰ˶δھѰĸŽ빬Сڵδǹʱ͵͵ڹа㣬֪ױӲãʳһֱеҩֱƺŷġЩ׿ԣм٣ţǰȥ̫ҽԺѰ̫ҽʣһֱҩ֮ˡ
ֱֱͫԭأϵˮδɺԣĿĲš
֮ȴ˵Ҳδ˭ĸĸɥҵȻѡ빬ʺ֪ǸĸӵŮ಻ͬ빬ԣδ½ǲԣ漰µ˶õ˱ӦԹкޣڹܾίǸĻӵ¶ֶд̣¶δ׷ʺ볣ҽԲǷκˣҪι㵱Լѡ񡣡
֮ⷬ٣һ֪Щ飬һ֪ˣֻǴǰûл֮ԼҪҡ
귻ǸٵΪŮڹֻˣֻİ汾࣬˵Ϊ빬Ů޷ܺ˵ǱѹǰģҲ̶ãʬ׷롣
Ϊ֪Ľ֣Գ֮ײŴζȰҪִڹȥĳ޺ͲʵС
ЩɫȻɺӣ˫Ŀ𽥱ã
֪֮ûбҪЩûбҪƭͼݣĻҪΣֻһ仰°ˡ
ֻڵ֪һе󣬾ԼֿЦ
ʮʱ䣬ζܰʺ࣬ҲӹһиԼĸʼʺδڽҸӣܹѹĵչһ飬ļԭΣ죬жôõʺİжôĺʹһС
µ֪ԼӤ֮˻ƵľιԼԼǸЦűǸЦ
ѡʲôѡ񣬴ӳкܹѡģöӰˣ˰ڲ
Գ֮һ̣ⷬǰ뷨кβͬ׸
ٴο˿ʺλǰ̧ϸϸĸλϵּ⶯һȻЦһˣ಻ѰĻӵκ鷳ȻɣˣкοɲʣЩ˵öԣұǼһװɷҲֻҰ񣬵ǸЦѣҵԼ
ջ֣λǰ¯ڣ㻹ȼ̣һ㣬ѿȼմ
λִɢڻпյֶ˿̹Ȼ
֮׶ˣֻԼ̾ĸ񻹿𣿡
Ĭתδ֮ݣһ̤˵ţĨӰ¼ž
а취
֮׳ıӰ˵Ը⣿
ԲЦס𾪵ĻعͬݶĿ
֮ҧҧɫ֣ص˵а취ܽͳȥԸֻ⹬ҪԼˡ
۾𾪹Ѹٵĵͷ˵Ը⣬ܳҿΪκ£
֮ҡҡͷΪ£ֻҪúûĪҪԼ깬֮ǰϸϸ߻һУǰȥŷѰ㡣
˳֮ףűҵ˼ȼһ˿磬ܳΪԼֻ֮һĻᣬΪβأ
֪Լûκΰ취ӻʹȥģڹе׼³֮һԣָڹ³֮״˷ƭģѡŰգлиͷиҪúûȥɡ
Ȼ֮ײδƭΪ˵ҪĹʱΪ֪Ԫʮ꣬Ϸһ£֮װ裬ڹ統д̻ϣֵ˾֪Ҳڹ統ˣչڴңдɱ๬еĽǵûŭҪַ֮أս߾սһ˺䶯¼˵˲෹̸
մң֮࣬û߻ӹнͳȥ㲻Ǽˡ
֮׵뷨ԭΪ¹ùó¹ù˫Ȳм˫ĿһҪΪѣ˰ľ޿˳ȥܹ¹ùһͬڣ±ܳɹ롣
صԷڣǲ̺ĸתͷѯʳ֮׵ΪҪ԰
֮룬ЦǾԼЩưգԸڹУ֪ʱȥ
üһڷϵ㲻ƣ֮ױǧ
Գ֮Цĺϲ£죺ǰݿ˵˵ҵã
û뵽֮׻㷢ʣһʱЩ˶䣬ͷȵﶼá
״֮ЦŴӻͳһǿ飬ɷ˵ݿУʵó𣿡
ݺǵͷ
֮ײٴȤһ߿ǣһϸĵĽ͵¹ù岻㣬ģ㲻ǰˣһ˳˳ֻǴ»Ҫúüƻſɡ
ֺǵͷ
֮һЦĶңΪƶǳڹпǵԴĴ¡
ݺЦˣ֮ס
֮΢㶣ԭţоһů
һչûѡȸĸȻһ£ֻԸԼߵ˶ܺúûţĴϣҲҪػǰԼжֶغƵˡ

ҹʱū۷һӰļŮ˯δܷ
ԴĹŮ˯Ϣ㱻Զ̽˺֫Ա£ѪһƬȻ˯ź
峿ū۷һڴǰ̽
ԭŮ״ңѾū۷ĪĲ֪ڼˣ·ﱻһ㣬ЩʱձҪϼˣ״Ҳ̶ãǱͷǱܹ֫ûһȫʬġ
мŮķЩˣڽڽй³ԲѷѹоȻձᱻ˶ɱ
ū۷㿪ʼԣ¶Ǳ˶䣬˵ػᱻУǶһ˫Ѫһ۱ҡ
ԭϲѹµˣ֮ԶԶ㿪Ҳʹū۷ѿӹ˺ࡣ
º󣬳֮׵ҲѾ-˰ˣ͵Ӻãʱɽˮͬһϰ壬̫ҽĻָٶȣֻٷҩգɴá
ʱԪǰϦݻع֮ͬһء
˸˷ͬǰȥɽׯŻڲ࣬ÿÿڼڣеԼģʹԭ͵óļ¸Ǻеʲõĳһˣò˵һ欷üĿ̬ǵġ
ú󹬾ǣϸ伸ڲ࣬Ͼͷͬˣʺ󶼲йĴǰκһɶûеūţ󹬱Ͻκ˳룬²ֱӴڸڡ
ɼ϶Լ谮ε˺ֵزһʱ֮䣬˭ҲڼǰΡ
ĵƣİͽ˸ˣ綡֣֮ǰһʧ棬ڹʱ춼ùһԷȴͬգ峿׼ʱԷڽڹϻϿࡣ
֮ײ֪ڼʲôã֮ЩʱգʱͷĴȻһٱޣ֮׵СۺСϾһƬ滹źѪ˿ԭյõ壬òշҩ
Ҳؽ֪ΪģŶֻãū۷Ǽֶ˵ϻ쳣֮ױһֱţԲڡ
ⶡֻЩϢʱ䣬ûºƶˣƽԷڵɨŵС£֮ȻӦ¡
ճ֮ճȥŷʱɿЩʱնǸǰЩûŷˡ
ڿ󣬳֮ײžԼٱʵʲôȴǲңְźɴɴЩۣЩʺѪģɲ֪Ѫⷭ˳˺
֮ױæͳԼŵҩ࣬ЩţұΪҽ㴥ùˣδ뵽һҪأ˵أ
ӹҩ࣬˿ȵ̧ͷʵ㲻֪
֮һ㶣ҡͷȻ֪
룬ʱȻʲôҩյ˵޷һֱֻɻȡĻᣬҸԸ
ⷬó֮Щѽ⣬ʳ룬ǰֻ軻ɴԷѰҡ
˵ͷȻǲǰȥԷģͷ˿Լ֣·ҹͻȻǰѪĿһذģѪ̬Ļӱ㴿򵥣·ԼڹŹһ⣬ҲԼ֮ǰΪûеóѣµԷ
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ݻԷʱŵĸﱧһʹĶһ·۵
֮׽ӹΪЩĳƿͷ֪Ǽ֬һĽӡ
峣֮ȻȤǽȴЦ˻˵Щӣڹбù
ݼϲЦͷ˵㶼ȥ
֮ҡͷһӲ˹Ľ䣬Ȼһ񲼸ϣһȥ˭Ҳ֪ﻹһӣϵĻҳҪʡãò
ݼ״ͷĬĬ˳֮װӵϲá
֮û뵽ǣӺܿó
ȥ˹Ӽ󣬶ٱ׼ʱԷ֮׼Ʊ֪ձҪ򣬺ùãвһӣڶһġʱæϡ
֣ҰĹ棬һδлÿյĲڣձ㽫ò״ʹĽӣТ
˵ų֮׻ⲻᣬ۰Ͱ͵ǽӡ
һӣʱ´ϸ˿ַҧҧȷǸϲЦտǿ϶Щ£ˣұˣƽҲϰĲ࣬ЪŰɡ
˵նŽӱˣ֮û뵽ⷬ¸˹ãδ򣬻͵Լеʱ䡣
˴˴εǰ֮֮ÿʮ£һӣ࣬ûмǧҲˣô֮׵Ҳۣﾡá
¸࣬תѹ֮ܺͶ˵Щ߶๬֮£ЩŮūŵ˺ҵ³Щݺ
㻹С빬ʱն̣Ҹ㣬ҪΪֻйǷָŵȣ˶еȼ֣֮ŮūȻаŽӣԼʱ£̾˵빬ʱſ꣬ͬ빬ЩѾͷЩõģпɵСŮͱʹѾϵȹŮģõģڹͼĻҪ˵ɫҪЩϵȹŮǵɫʱˣ㽫ʬӳȥһѻˣҶʣ
ңõģɻܻˡѾͷҿãлӻŵĹŮϧĻӲʥ裬üϲں󹬿ν޿ãȥҪǰ㾳أ˶Ҹɫұ˵һ¶ǿ²ˣѾͷҲɫͣǸ컯ģԼϽ뷨ȥŮδȻǰ;дССĹŮūǶҪͽ㣬ʱⶼС£Զ˵˼ǵøλݣʱǴūűӣĸ˰
˵꣬ӵ㣬˽յĹѧ
ֻ֮࣬иĸֵĵݽ档
㣬㡣֮ȻӶԣȥ׸ΣⷬǶ˵ЩӵĻֻͬڶ˵ܹȨĺ˰ա
ֹ˼գ֮붡֮Ĺϵ˲٣˵ȷп룬ϲȨƽǮ֮򽻵ٲ˽ӣ֮ҲӶֿ֪˲ū۷飬жֳ棬ʶū۷һЩʳҩ¹ùС
˳֮ױԽ˳ԶָǺԺĴš
һǮʹĥĿУпȷǸö


23 
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è̫һ±¶пһʱ, ÿæڹо֪, ֮ЩʱջŽӴ乬йϵ, ѶЩ˶ķһԺΪ, ˭˲ϲ˵, ỹǻͽˣͬū۷Ĺֶ˳֮׵Ľ, ¹ùһֻ۱ֻۣǸʳҩʱշ
һǲе, ÿҪǰȥӼϿ, һװɵ㶵ӦӼϾʱѧ鼮̫ѧʱֻҪ㡣
ֻһɢѧǰ, ̫ͻȻ, κ歵üȻΪ̫òѧ, һЦ뿪Ӽ, ݶԴϰΪ, Ϊֻ̫˾١
ӼֻǶʱ̫ݶǰ̧ͷģ, źʵѧв֮
һ㶣֪⣬㾽΢˶ͷ˵δܸ̫ݣѧ̫𷣡
֪ش̫Цһֵҽϰʱ䣬ոϽѧ˿ȫޣ
Ըͷʹѧޱ
̫ԭݶ仰Цˣҡҡͷ˵֪ޱȷʵÿոѧݣȴ׼ȷҳ֮ÿÿײ֪鼮ÿһҳѱġ
˲סδ𻰡
̫˵ޱ֪ۿ׾ľɵҲ֮ǽҲȻĻӵ£д˷Ϸȴޱ֮ˡ
ϵ飬н䱸ȴʼδ̧ͷ˵ѧ̫ԡ
̫ȴϷֻԸ츳֮ԻǰûԼ鼮кв֮˽ѰҰա
䣬̫˹ӼĴš
ݷ̧ͷ̫ݹɵıӰɫް
֮Ȼ֪£Щʱչ̹˽Ӵͣ˵ͨ˲٣ڹеĴСһŵҲ֮ǰǰֻ֪֮Ǳһ»ˣЩ˱һòϣ֮ˣԶܱ
֮ûЩøƽЩСֶ˲Ϣ⣬ָЩūжã֮˭Ҳ˵׼ֻгһĲݺЩľɺãǰ侮ʯ
һ±ǶǺҹն̣ʱգʱ䣬һĹˣڴ֮ǰ鶼׵
֮״¹ùһˣֽŹϵ͵͵ȥū۷֪¹ùһжú󣬻صԷ㿪ʼдţ˸˷ūӣæŴةฮС
ճʱＴҪ糯һūżԷǰϸ˽ƣˣŻ˳֮С˵֮׹ǰȥţ칫ڴ˺ء
Գ֮ͷһӱ㼲Էһ͵͵ǰȥš
һ·ˣСǰʱԶԶر㿴ѵ
ѣ֮ױ㽫ӵ˹ȥ˵鷳칫һˣҪĶһƹǲұ뷨ӡ
һϮ£ºͣӹӺ˵޷ͬһǰԺ游һͬظ˻ɡ
˵߱ӣĽӣǲ죬ֽӺ֣ص˵ھðլӶǹģ˶࣬µұ㻻Ʊºٽ֮׹
֮ȴҡҡͷ໹ʣ࣬ڹյ¹ùüɣֻǴͷ칫ӷˡ
֮׺һлȴЦ磬ֻС°ˣةฮǷģԣ統ʱܹͳʹ˴飬;ɻ¶ˣ
֮гЦѴĲܹ࣬ͳʱ칫ӱڲȺһµĹŮһ¹ùáӣĻӵµĸֻ񱻷˫ȣϹ˫ۣж䲻㣬ܹշһĻӵ¶м
߻Ȼ漴ͷӦ£֪˿ʱ磬ǰӦɢˣ֮׹ﻹ裬ʱŵةฮ
֮׳һ񣬱תֲĴæĻԷ
ӣԶĨźɫӰҡͷЦû뵽˴ĵӣҴӹ˳棬㾲ſҪνͳ
֮дŸߣҪھðһլԺլֻҪܹ˾סɣֻ˵һ仰ڹ統ڻʳӦǰ޷֮Ҳ˴㣬ʱһžǵĵͼܹа취Ѱլӵġ
֪֮ðլҪģʡ֮ʡһӾߣֻʮŽպ乬ˡ
˷֮꣬ײ˿֮´ãֻ๬֮ˣҪ뽫˰ȵͳȥҪ׷飬ֻóɣ˼˼ճ֮˼ƲߣͿʼ͵͵ѼзʣĸɲԷУøҲ˽Ѽš
պ󣬾ӭ˵һѩжʱɪ֮࣬ǹһɫѩ
֮׺Ҳ˼Ӻ޼Уǿʼú̿µ̿࣬ҪŻϺ͹еĹã쵽˳֮ȥ̼ʱ̿ʣ޼ΪЩ̿¸һʣ޼ĽӸūţȡ飬ʣµĽͨú̿
֮һ֪óƷԷڣǮ䣬һֱõ̿
̾⼸ֻ̿Щú̿ˡ
ų֮ɥЦú̿޲ãսú̿
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˼ˣ֮׸ӼᶨҪڹдͨ˼ʹϵľġ
ȴֿ˵Ҳί֮ףллΪôࡣ
֮ЦлʲôǶڹӦԽԽõġ
Цŵͷ⿴˿ɫʱʱչҹĻѰϡܿϵķǼ㣬ݺȻתͷ˵֮ףԺС
˵ݱȳȥˣ֮ײԣǳ⿴˿ɫʲôҲδĸ˳ȥڵĸæŹܹȥźࡣ
ݴԺһ۵ţһóһֽ֮ų֣̤֮֮ȥ£ͶȥɻĿ⡣
ݰѸĹƽ˹ƿ֣Ż磬ֽóϸϸĹ״һͷ𴦵ȼžһ̼лѿϸСȼһСػűŽһֱȼգҹɫзɫᷢĻأһҹɫš
֮׾ȵĿСС̻жӳϸСĻ⣬ݰе̻ݸ֮ף㿴еĽɫ̻ȼЦ
֮ף֡
ݵЦһﾪ˳֮ףȻĻؿԷϦǺϦԭֵ֪ա
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ϹźߵЦ⣬黹ֻСС̻е
֮ȴü۴Цӳǳǳľѣ̲סȤв׼ȼ̻Ǳ֪ɶҪġ
㶣һԻ̻ĸﲻ˸֮׼Ǵ˷ģЦĿˣ˼˻뵽Էȼ̻أллĻӵ£ǽ͵͵һعա
˵ű̻ø棬￪ĵĽӹô꣬Ҳûһ̻ǹеĽĴˣǻ졣
Ÿﲻע⣬֮͵͵յݶߣ˵лл㰢ݣá
ҹĻ£УݲĿų֮Ц绨ӣ𴽽ǡ
㶨Ҫһֱ࣬Զ뿪

ζϢСﰤҰǰԹ˺ĵ
Ȼǰ㿪ʼ׼еװˣøԺǰȥܹܴȡ֮Ǵͷ˻ϵǬԪҪŸ裬Էûٽ⣬֮׸ûװӵѾߣƭȡЩ˴ŵСԷڱϲ󣬸еĶû١
һ䲻ϲݣҲûʲô鷳ΪݲΪ壬ȴݸջؾһʱձֵļΪ⣬ƽһ㣬⵹ó֮׾ʡ£֮һֱףݶǼ¡
Ȼûգ鷳ˡ
ĴŮŶһͻȻԷ
֮һƣ֪ձ鷳ݲԷڣǰӼһտΣݲڲŸǰԷѰ鷳
ĶֽԷһֱڳų֮ʹɫ״֮е˴˴ӦǼģ㰲վһԣǴһԷڣյѬǵú̿˿ӣǼηһ㣬ϸϸ⿴˸飬ڳ֮ƽմ࣬κδ۵⣬ԷԷȣԵøء
תһȦδҵʲô㶢סһĳ֮ףʵŶѧϰ˽һ깬棬ұ֮ѧİ㣬Ƿʸڹоֹ·ʼɡ
֮޷ֻϤһ飬ȴһʱͱͣ
֪֮Լһ˿һĴδֹ˶̶ѯŶ֣˵֣ҲǹеˣôһĹŮĹǶ̲ãѧһĽɣλȥ򼧹ｻ
ֶð˵ѵǣû̺á
֮üͷʵ֮׶㣬ҿкδǶˣ
Ժüߣ˵ȷǲ۰㲻֪˹˵ۣҪ𣿡
ǿʶ֮׵޻˵ˣ࿴ĳ޷ˡ
˵꣬Ŷʵ֣˵Ŀɶԣ
æͷǣ˿Ҷ죬ϹЦų֮˵⹬治ϸ񣬸õɣ֣ұ㲻˵ʲôˣܵһȥܸһҿŰɡ
ЦóǸϤٱޣǹɺݾֹϣǰЩʱ볣֮׽̸˲һ㡣
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״ĵͷЦ˵滹ǶѵзȥԵŹʹˡ
˵㰺ͷЦ߳Էֻඡ볣֮׶ڴˡ
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˵궡ֱתŻŵˡ
֮ıӰЦҪţôĽӣһߵĹŮµĲӣǼǰԼ²ɥڴˡ
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ݻʱƼıǳ֮ײ֣ҩԼѵҩˣϻЦһ£˵Ĳһ㡣
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ݻЦ⣬ʹͷʵ˭˵㣿
֪֮סֻðѽ֮¸ݣССԹһǶʵջǵЩôҲܰװĴҹ滹Щ֮ǰŽӱΪ˳죬ȴ֪ѿأȨѵա
֪ʼĩһĨѪɫ̧ͷֻʣίʡ
֮ף󲻿κңҲ뿴ˣ಻ϣ᲻ҡ
ⷬ쳣ίΧۿתƵó֮׶ʱֱϵʹ˶ڨЦ͵ĪѹҲ㣬ҡұң಻ǲ㰡ЩС˵ûµģ㿴²ձ
֮ǻڲ֪㲻Ŷ޴£֪ƣƽûϷˣҲƲѹˣẬתģʵۣ˫˶ã㽫˱ڻúðοˡ
ֹסᣬ̧ϸʵģպ½Բҡ
֮ƵƵͷ˵úúãģ֮һһһһκ˽Բö
䣬ݲ⣬ʱЦ⸡ݣֿɰ
֮ײ̾㶼ǳ˭ѧġ
ЦȻǳ֮ѧġ
֮׶ʱΣ뻹ǰʯͷԼĽţǵ׽Ū˵С˼ȻҲˡ
ЩʱգֱδԷżʹͣ˲ٺöԷų֮׸ǼˣҲ˿ڣö󲻱ǰȥڹ棬ǷŹ˳֮ס
֮ױպҪģҵȹ֮æҪ֮ѰˣЩӲܰ״ˮƯ
Ȼû죬˵ֳˡ
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˵ߣ֮Ŀɿڴ
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յԼ֮Ȼ֪룬һСŮô뼧óĴŮᲢۣǰȡڹвǳ£ֻǳ֮׾ĺˡ
ֵĲɻ󲻽⣬ʹ죬ͺǰһֻ֣ĬĬ˳۵ˡ
Ѳɣж


24 
µ, ֽ˼ѩջѣνѩ׷, Ǽõͷ
Ҳæµ, ֵһ깬ʱ, 껹࣬ʱѩ, ˻ʹ͸˸ϷԶ, ú󹬼£ȻõϺú, ˸£ԷȻʲôҲû䵽
֮ϵ, ûָϺ͹ʹʲô, Щʱճ֮׵˫Ȼ˴룬㿪ʼ׼ݵĴƷǷ䵹óǼȥ꼧İ׽
֮׶ְ鱦һӦж, , ׽ߣƴ壬Ȼۡ
Ѻһ, ʵΪѡƽյĳɡ
֮׵ҡҡͷ޷, ȥʹ, ӦҲ˻ע⣬깬֮ϣҪſ, ӵķͷ಻ӵɡ
˵곣֮룬Цģѵȡ£Ļֻۣһҹ߻ְֻĿΡ
ݶ䶼ˣԹһԲٴ˵
֮ɰ͵Ц
֮ҲԼĴģҲûεĹԼһѽݽӻعУȴһֱŲʣжǶԻʺ֮٣ǣϣ˴ιһû϶ĹۣԻҺͻʺѪ֮˶һֿݡ
ǰһ֮Դǣͬ׵ܵĳһ㣬úõĶݶһ
޷̺࣬¹ùúһֲļ֣֮صǰȥū۷øʱ̸㣬չŴ֮Ҫʱ̱־֮ģԽǴʱԽ״ӹˣҲûйд̵£ܹҪСΪϣЩ֮ԽԶԽãȫԼİΣ
ԹԹԵͷ
֮ü˼һ˵һ£Ҫʱ̹עŻϵĶк·ǹ˵ְڣȻΣԼİΣҿҪģмҪܹȫԼ£ȥ˺ͻϣ𣿡
ֹԹԵͷ
֮׼״ǲģſܽĻңھǰһ֪һľΣֻ֪洫Եչ쳣ңˣһҲڹ˿ô죬ֲչţƾèĹЩ̿͵Ķ֡
ֱ̾ˣϵİΣҪԼΪҪ򲻿Լˡ
ݿų֮׷ģͷӦ£ֺЦ֮ף֪ᷢдһ㡣
֮һ㶣æЦŴҡô֪£ұǲ߹ңȥū۷һ£֪ܲ˳ľӶ࣬ΣҪƱҪ¹ùúͳȥ
Ц㡣
֮ЩģչЦա
գ峿֮ıˣݳЩ㣬΢ЩӣΪǰ׽ȷʵñ£ܹˣжЩⱦȻһ֮УƤı㿡ʣüݣһװ統ÿĽ
֮׼Ψβ˼֣һǲ۵Բ壬һԼǰ׾֮ܺҴɫɫЩǹİ׽Ϊ֮ҿ̲סսȡ£֬δϣ
ݵɴ۷
㻤ң֮ײ֪Ǹø˻ǲˣ˿Цãֻȡǿɫһ壬֬βǿɿ
ʱ̺࣬ѾǰȥǬԪǰ֮ϸԸ˸֮ϲݰ벽ʱ̽˱ã֣صͷ󣬲Ƕ˳Է
֮ױûҪڹ¶棬վԷпСɽߵĸɲѣͷۣ֪ЩҪἸʱץʱС
쳣֮ǰȥŷæְ˴򣬼ʱ࣬첲Ҳһһ飬ԭ֮ҲŲµˣչŷΪæµһգ֪֮Ѱ㡰ûȥŷȻЩ˳ūǺݺѹһŰݡ
֮״͵͵ԷŲͷʵϹҩ𣿡
΢ҡͷ
֮ױ㽫Լʣµҩ඼˵ûʱҩˣЩǳ˹ҲûЩ̫ҽԺҩ򣬱á
δѣɴİҩƿڻ
֮ûٶ˵ţһԷڵĸɲѣЩɲֳ⣬ū۷ĺǽڽǽȥǬԪæµһ·ֻϡļūţһ·أʮΣӻƻ赽䶼ûͣЪ˽ͷ󺹣ҹĻȫʱɲȫꡣ
֮׺ū۷ǽǽǣ˺һ˵
֮׿ֿտգߴȥԼĶҪˡ
ǽЦһá
֮һ㶣ֵʱЩνʹģóкá
֮׻ȻˣνͣƣǴŻʼұǵģóȥ䵱˸С£˱˹٣ǾǵԴĴˡ
˱ǽĺɫ죬Ƭָ̻ЩתͷʵҪ£
֮ǬԪƻͨķˡ

ǬԪڣƽƻ貣ڽ̻ԻͣϸͣʳƵڴ衣
֮ϣɫȹڣü۾͸¶һ˿˿촽žյ״޹ǰİǿھ࣬ڻιơ
˾ȻǵһֲòϹӭС
ϣŽջ輧裿
ţۿһЦΪϲԭ´һ輧ޱ輧ԭкβͬ
æЦų޵ķҪ׹ҳɼҴԪ˸ҷ
⻰ȷʵ˵˾۵Ŀǻ䣬Ȳĵ輧ϳˣѹ裬ȴʱԸһԵūţЩ
Ƭ̣ڱһ˶ٵṲ̊Źĵ㻺
Щ輧һֳ㾪ˣھǵݺ輧ȴżƬĺɫ³壬¶ϸı۰ڵŤˣϵ죬ˮһ˫˫ĿǻṴ˻ǣǵȴɴ棬Ʋʵƻãƽһ̽Ѱ⡣
Щ輧һ۱㿴ǾޣҲˣ಻ˣֱֻĶǼ輧
״ɫĿЩ輧зߺޣ½ջϻһʱ˭Լĳ谮Ҳò˵Щ輧ŵκڱ-裬˿֪߳ܡ
۱Ե벻ۣͬǽǿĿɿڴθǺڵ¶̰֮ɫ
ŹĵԽԽգ輧ǵĲҲӿΪ輧кЦ̤Źĵһ֮ϣ뾰ԽԽҲδֹԵ輧ǰŪˣһ˱ǵķҷ輧ϻƮƢ
ݿһĻüֲõԤȻϡ
ĬĬע⣬ڰһжλá
֮ϣ輧ѾǰΧžȻ裬Ż趯ʮܵģһԵūǱֹȴֽԲͬڶʶȤĳ˵
Ȼ˽޷£輧һתȹڣͻȻסȲذףֱ̧㽫λεĵ򾰵Ŀڣ
۶ʱعңѸûжǱذײ˻ϵı۰򴦡
һ̵ūžУݣ커ݣд̿ͣ
е輧͹ǣ׷ͳڵں飬˱ɱ
һʱ֮䣬ǬԪڻһţ֮ǱһƬм̿ͷ׷Χžۣ˺ۣʱפĽǳֵڻݣЩ˼Ʋ¸ΪˣɱһɱһΪ׵ŮӸǽžۺڵǽǡ
ɵǣڴ˹ʱǲ࣬ͻȻΪ۵˱᲻صһ
ƺãǵպòؿڴĽǶ׵˿бδ룬ֻѪ֮Ű£ϾǴĿѪݱ˳Ƶھ۽£нǳǳһʺ󣬼ʡ
ȻΣʱ̣ۼ˶ʱĿڴ𣬰ν˫Ŀһˣ޻ʶ


25 .     ¹á
ǬԪ, ū۷
֮Űɫ֪ʱѵ
Ӻǽһ׼õľƳƳԭ˹Ͱ, ޸֮, ū۷ﾡá
Ƴ, ˵Ƚȥū۷ڽ¹ùãٶҪ, ӵ˺ںǽ, ЩɲҪȼһ, Ǳ㹬Ŵϡ
˷Ը˴ʱȴͷЩţӹƳ, ɨһǬԪķ, ʵ׷˺£к¶ˣ
֮óĴʯ̧ͷֻ˵һ仰ﲻ۷£޹أֻгŴʱܰȻ
һҧ, û, ˳֮ףתƳ˵ū۷ڡ
ʱ䣬ǽ
֮װսʯ, ǽĦ, ü, Щʯʮ¶δš
֮׸ɴԭرĿƬ, ٶۣѻָ򶨣еĴʯ׼ɲѺһٿȻȼ˲㽫ǽĸɲ˻ССĻϴĺ˳ƶ𣬻ԽԽ˳ŲѰڷŵķһ·ȼսū۷Ժڡ
ŸɲѵԽԽߣӳ죬ȴȻ˷ִ˴ˮǰ˻
֮׾⣬ƽӳͨ죬һū۷ڵһʲȼзݽû⣬һжѻȼմĬĬתȥ
ֻаʱʱ䣬ʱһػ˷ū۷Ļơ
֮һ·УڵС·ū۷ûκм価ǺˮʱֹȻŵĽȥǬԪڻݣ˹һڲ۵ĽУ¹ùſڵ
Զǳڹſڣǰ
֮׻˻ǳ񣬱㹧ʵ칫ӽǰ
æǴ˵˽ˣжλȥһԺ
֮׵˵ͷתڳб¹ùõӣ̧ڡ
֮¿˿ڴ˴ͣҴ¹ùãةฮǱߣὫһ鰲׵к£칫š
˵ճ֮׾ͷ³¹ùȴͻȻŵ֮ף֮ס
˫̽⣬ҵţ֮׸æס¹ùõ˫֣ڣ¹ùڡ
¹ùú޽˫ˮӣɳʵҸң㽫ͳ㶨û£
֮ḧ֣ɵӦû£ùĪҪġ
ͬһ߰գҷĲ㡣¹ùȴϷֵ˵ĻӵҲѪ㲻֮ͬף㲻ӦڹУ಻ȰίĻӵ̫ܻ࣬ʹӦͬһ뿪
֮һ㶣Цҡҡͷſ¹ùõ֣ο¹ùãǿҳģҲĻӵһڹУҼѴӦҪ࣬㲻⹬кκˮޣԼĴ㣬¹ùĪҪڵǣһʱ硣
˵㿴һֱĬ񣬶Ϲͷ¹ùñֻýΪչˣ˶Ļӵ¶ģպк£Ǳ㶦
ͷһ񣬳֮תͷеĽӵݸ򣺡˷ͷӱޡ

нǲȥǬԪΧˮйͨκһ̿ѵĻᡣ
ʮ̿Ȼѵصʿ˿ֻţˣ˻ǣ϶û⣬Щ̿ǶԣΪʧߵıûнԭʵһٻɱ̶̵ʱڣפڻʹĽѵ֧Ԯ죬̿ǼѲվ׷װνء
һ⣬ȫڵ֮ϣûиκΰѱ
龰۲Ȼŭ
Ȼ˼Щ̿ͣ˴ι֮Ķ࣬زһڵĹŮūűʮˣвеˣһλˣ֮˽ˣ֮ϣѪʯȾ糺ɫ
˼Ƚ۵ǣһʱס˹סһǻǰȥӡ
ӼΧԼתĴһȥ幫
Ӻ幫ˣϽһ˵ѪЩ־㶣лֲ̿ѣȻܾŲǳ
Ӻİ˻ӶˣȻصĵݣǰ״˼˽Ϊ졣
̿غ󣬵ɽţ˰ΣſڵأεӰ߲ѡ
ס󣬾ס۰˿ڣҽתͷſȻزѵݣһūſſޣ˽ʱŭһȵ̫ҽ
˵ձ˽̧޵ڣδϣҲǽڵһ齡
˾ٶʱһںԭļ俵ƣ״ɫٱ䣬ֺ̧һ£ɸֵССˣΪβȥŻϣ
һ߼ƣдʵ·ͻȻʲһֱЩ̿췴ˣȻδ뵽ʮ̿ڹٽǰʲô˻Ļڲֻ࣬Ҫڻǰøϵĵĺӡ
˷ݵ˳ѣ˱ˣûλҪˡ
ȷʵûʲô£ݵġԡ̫ҽΪʱȻתѡ
ʱϵѾ̫ҽϣԣ΢΢ü˵ΪİĻݡ
̫ҽ鿴˿ںϣĻӵ޴󰭣Ϲҩһ±ɣ˷ʵ˵⵶һ壬Ҫ˼ڸԴһأֱɥҺ˿ǳԣ¡
̫ҽĻþͷ΢𣬿ݵĿüΪӡһǰ֪è̫һºԭʺѱѷ¶꣬һϦ֮ŭȫ𣬼ӻջӣҲֻΪ˲ԼѪ⣬ȻûĹעн٣Լƿһ㡣
ϵݰִӵЦݸϣ±á
䣬۸иӣĻȷʵãһҲȱ㣬봿ƳϵڹѵһǸոյ֮дʱܺԥĲԼĸο
ЪϢū̧ظ
۷Ըһתͷɨһڵŵǣɫһǿ˵ļʱϺڳһƬճ谮Ĺ㡣
Ҳɵʱվǰ޳ˣҵĺݶľ˳㣬ظĸõĲƷʳ˶ȻܿȬݶĪ£ĸ㡣
Դ˵£ĸТĸڹ͵쾡¡
Ȼݿ򼧹ʱдŲ빧Ц棺лʹ͡
һ仰ʱ˿ʵڲ֪ĻװģĺɵԼⷬƨɣһƱ֪ô£ŭ
۲ֱּȥĻӻйī壬ƽһдӵջλݣ


26 .     ĵԣ׼ٻ
, ֵʹ
֮һʱľս鿴ݵ˿ڣǵڽǶȵ, ǡɱܿҪ, Ƥ, ֻǴѪˣ̫ҽԲ, ҩЩʱձȬ
֮ǵǾ, ݾգȫȻΣ, ⵶ǹܿҪеɻѵݹΪ֮
հݻҩ, µɴ, ֮ײʵݣξµĻϣ
ʵ棬ζ˵˳֮ףȻЦҺǰ֮, Ҳǰ׼, ֻǸʱ̿ͱ䣬ڴ˶ܣ͵Ϯ, δ, 㵲һ
Գ֮ͶҪ, ̧־͵һݵţջްձȥԼоɣҾΪƺõ˿λ, ˴оյãԺ򲻿óȻ¡
ݹɵͷ΢ͷۣһ֪˵顣
֮̾ȻǸɵӣݻϣһЩ¿ˡ
ٿȻĵ£Щǰ˵Ǹµġ

֮׶˽ǲ֪ʱ˹иｫ˽֮һһ鿴ĽǺöһǰ˲Ρ
ⷬʾûǹԣ֮׵Ȼ߲ܣϤ¡
һͷʹƷԷٰٰ㲻ԸҪʹЩĸ⡣
ǰĬĬŲʥ裬ƺһ˶Ϊһ³˻ϵбʹĶ࣬ԴҪǵջӵĴ˭˲֪ҪĻˣֻǲ֪Ҫá
˷׷ײ²⣬պһԾϳܳĻҲһνֺҪ磬һͷæŰͽ
˷ΪˣʱݽոݳӼȵأȻвٹŮūƵƵʾãƽյϲãŽԵӣһתﶼġ
˭Ҳû뵽ʢ˶̶ʮ죬ȺҪȥˡ
ΪԴչҺ󣬻ѹû
ʥּһ£û̽һĻӣᶼδᣬ·ȫȻһ㣬ʱ˶Щ׼ˣϡ
ûʥĿ죬ȥĸģһЩֱĻӴ򱧲ƽŲõһ
ﱳﶼţǲԼһʥּʹˣˣϻڸƷԷ
֮ȴһʥּ͹ˣպٸҿ˿ԷĶʥ̫ݱʸ֮ġ
Ǻ£Ͼʥûʱܹĵǣ۴˷һʱ𣬵ЩĹۡ
Էպ󣬱ָƽ
࣬ݵ˿ѽϣ֮յһ⹬š
ģеݣӢıʷּݿȴ¹ùԣ˵ѰھУһ˳죬ѱԺַд
֮ĬĬ£ջżల
ȴһ׮ͷ¡

Ԫʮ꣬統̿ͼٰڹд̣⣬Ļ䵲
ͬͬգū۷ˮȴ֪һͻĴū۷յĿȫǣ˸мŮʬ޴滯ΪҽּպŷūŷһջŮĪʧ٣Ǽ˺Ȼ޼Ѱ˼һʱŵУĻ̻̣źŭһٳ޶ҥҺ󹬵ūǣʹ˹лָƽʧ֮˸ʽ
ǰ˲̽дһ£볯ֶԲߣº󣬲˳ּʽս䵨칫Ȼд̣ص֮ŽսϵȻ
ĩƽЯͬٽ棬ǧǰ߽פӭս
սһ
߽սңذվǨأÿ±սӱ߽ǣ˫죬൱սԾþýֲ£䣬˭Ҳδռ˿ˣͽ⣬˷˳־ս
һرʱ䣬սѲһǰƵȴȻŴη͵Ϯ֮߳£ֻüڱ߾ûдԪȴ뺷Ұһʱ£˳ս½ȥڹⲻ˳ԺΪǩԼս£۷ܲͽ⣬Ҫлóǳزſɡ
ңԶı߽ս𲻶ϣµľǵһƬͷ٣հҵ෹̸һ̸սº͹еĴţֵĲ̵ȶ»˲֪
ȻһھǺģֽͷǼ
ھ֣Ŵ˼ÿ۳ޣȥˣӶ򲻵ϡΪ󣬼۸񲻷ƣÿвǰȥŶӹ
ǸĻƯ£ڸ𣬱ͨĹ𻨸ⶼҲͬűθ˼ĪҪ˵Щܽظ⡢Ӱٺˣһʱ֮˾ǹСǵĳĸ㣬㶼㲻ϵ룬ʳӡֵĸ㣬ѳ˾ϵݵλ
ʱĶ¥ⴰһλŮӣʮңݸɾγױüۼһĨӢһϮ򵥵İȹŴ󷽣ͷ˸Ф٣δκΣϸĵͷе˲ΨһźŮӵ˸ªĺۼһɫ͹̺ۣĹᴩֱΪĿ
¥ݼһС˵ŵЦ˵ϰ壬ùͻȥ÷Ī̫
Ůͷе˱̧üĻƣ
ۺ󣬷С˻վǰʵк£
С֧֧ᣬеε˵Ǹիˣˡ
Ůüǹ£˽ߡ
СΪѵǹ£իĵүˡ
ŮüǱ
С˵˷Ը¥ȥŮ˷һԵİɫɴֱӴͷסݣڲǰǰ
իǾֺţľ̺Ų漰̣¥ݵȽիţھ£իĹ´ƵƵ£񾹻˵үǰ
Ƭ̣һС¥ϵȺΣΣüۼ飬͸¶һӵܵࡣ
˿ڲǰ´ͷɴ֮ˣЦիү飬ϰ岻ʾˣˡ
еϰ壬ǰ
ȥϵд̧֮óϺõȸ࣬ϸĲҶУŵһϴ裬һߵʵ֪ү˷ǰΪ£
鿴ŶԷַһĨޣ˫һֻŰ̺ۣȴ˿ûӰˮַ֪ԼҲڻ˾տ֮ˣַ֮ˣϴεüС
ȻҪ£֪ϰţѹرҸ̡
񽫲ˮ뱭Уŵǰжš
豭ƷƷȷǺò裬Цȴ֪ЩһҶ󣬽¢Ͼи¡
Į⵹ǲ֪
¼ˣѹͬУھǳưԲɣ
Էͱˣȴۣ˵үν߿ˣ·ߣĪ˵Щ̣իĸ޴Ȼмڴ˵ȱֶΣΪǵĸڸоϳˣղˣҪ˵¢ϣβͬ˵ȥǰշ࣬Ϊƫ㣬үʣұȰի˲ҪǿʶĶˡ
²豭۲õ֪ⷬоﲻõ֮ˡ
޾⣬΢΢̧ͷŶˣ
Ӽֿҵһɻǲǵ̲ٶҪھ
԰գ̧ˡ
ſտյ¥ݿ΢΢񣬲̾˿ʰ˲ᣬ¥˱Ժ
һԺУ˵ζƮ˹ѾСˣæ˵ﺰùãϰտǸ˷㡣
УһżײµŮӣǴЦȴ˫Ȳм˫Ŀǲ
¹ùŽŲתͷſºЦˣ÷
ʵùÿ÷
Թˣⷹģһֱţ
΢ů¹ùԺһꡣ
ֻ£һֱ룬δ;ǵһоһŲ֪¹ùòϵ׽ϤĵĽ̵£ʹЩ򣬲
¼һֱԷʵкη£
зƣüֱ˵իүǰɾȨƴѹǣ˷޷ֻôŵУ볣ĵ°æˡ
ԭǴ£¹ù÷û˵ǣЦЦǱ㴫ŵԼţβֱĵµƣڹûǰƣҲ֮ˣպүݻеģھгżҳݡ
⻰˼֣ȴᣬȻϰʵ˭һ
ةฮĴ°ƱھլԺʣµǮƣԾǮãȫǮھסŸ
ǮһƬã֪Σ¹ùÿսС⿸㣬⿪רж۵Щ¸㣬ط¹ụ̀̿ûãóģƯ˾ǣ֮⣬¹ùûϤĽ̵ճиִСС顣
˵֮ǽӻʹǸˮȵĵطȳ֮ˣ¹ùñְھ֮ˣԼδʲôĹףֻǴĵ̣Ŭ󣬺úõھһݰȵȥκ鷳⼸δ߶ŹǶλ
գдţ͵˹С
պյ˹ţ򿪱ֽֽǳֻּһ仰
ĵԣ׼ٻ


27 .  ͨ   Ȼ֪
Ԫʮ, з˼Ȥ¡
ȥѳۡϴͷΪԪ, һѹ, ٳûгɻ, δϱԸΪͻ, ȴ, ˵ѡѡٱϴͻ, ԵӦ¡
ֻδ뵽ѡһδҵʵģڼȢһ¥֮ŮΪļֱ˳, Ůҹ, ϵ֪ԼڱȢ޳ɻ顣
æµе͵ĹŮԪλã˭˶֪δ̫ӵѡ, һ̤, תˡ
һֱû뿪һŻδȢһأ幫劼
幫, ȴôע, 劼ȥ԰ĳ, ʱأЩɥҲǰ, ˣԺڲȥֻʱȥ̽ô߼۵ҩĶΪһǧֻ劼ܴá
һԷʽĻݣҲõ˼Ķա
϶һʱͨѾߣź൱ܵÿζĸò绨СŮһʱԷŮƣɷΣֻƫݣ²֪˶ٿ֮
˹жΪμݺȻã˱²ĻӱͺɫֻǱʵʵʻӲ٣뵽ĻӼǰ빬ʱŻϵ򼧹ҪŮһ£ǹŮһֱĻѲԷڣǰƼżг룬һڲȴһֱǸūţ·ټǹŮԷЩϸѡͨѾò˲֪ٱ
֮󹬴ʲôĶУĪһﲻһɫ֮ͽĻ
һδƽһ
ǰ̫ͻȻȾʣ˹Ӽν̫һְۻ̫ҽǰ̫Σֻܾۣϱ̫ͬǣӼڵĽѧ½״Ԫн֡
þεǣƢԹֱŸ峵ȴڽϰպ󣬱˲޷ʤΣһʲŵ֪Ӷһͷֻ֣ǲ֮꣬ǳƲЩӵĻãҴԪѵлڹӼʮ귽ɳʦ˵ҲҪְ꣬龰ǲԸ
վ۲ͬʹ˰Σ޷һޣ󿪹Ӽ࣬û뾩вӲŮһͬѧϰ༤
¼һƬ֮ҲûйӼǷԴ£ȴֱԲ䣬ҲӦλӹ֪ĵˣһΪѺ۾һ仰ͬ˿ŹӼࡣ
ˣΪѡʹ󿪹Ӽ¸һ𣬾йŮȫ
ּƷϵĳд󳼣ĵӵŮ빬ڹӼӹһͬѧϰ
һʱ֮䣬ӼַǷ
Էڣ֮׿Ͼ˼Ӽ£տԺЩͨѾǱͷѣҲǣҲǡ
Ȼʮĳ֮ףģԽĳˣǸһ㣬ĸϸ֦ӯӯһյСźɫĹȹ֣ʩ֬ݸӾ°𪣬ϸ۵Ƥƣüǳ٣ԲԲ鶯۾¶һ˿ޣձߵľԵɬֻá
ûªİ̺ۣ֮ײǰǰԱȴҲûжԼòк֪ΨһյıǰĲӿˣŮȹ£ܽؿյĹԣ֮ײòðײعƽ̹ŸҴϹȹ
һȻûЩգʱԲĳ֮Ȼʱõѡ
ʱ֪Ӽһ£ֻǳ֮۶ӣһٱһңӼ࿪Ŷ޹ء
ʱȴ˹ĶҳһţŮŮ˼֦ǰȥӼ࿰һͬѧϰЩദĻᣬӿϣǱӿϣҲһ׮¡
ӯƸ̫ŮӯıڸУ˾ֻӯһǰȥӼ࣬³Ϊһͬǰȥڶͣࡣ
Ȼ³סʱգνԳ֮쳣ģʱʱգ֮ױֻΪӯıǸ֮ˣ;¥۸񲻷Ƶĳʳͬڲϯس̸Ｄ֮ײҪǿʵΪΪʫ湫ӵģ̸Цݶж˳֮׵ģΪ³˶Ů֮顣
Ϊ³δݺªʵǲпģֱ֮׶˵ҵʲôվСŮʵ˷θŮȻ֣֮֮ȥ˶ԼӮ˵ΧһƬЦӯ³ʫ٣ǽڵ壬֮ٶΪһЦһƬ
һڹӼ󿪵ļºӯȷʵԸԳļӵˢӣֵӵĻģΪСͣΪ˼ʼ伫ԭ⿴ةฮŮŴôȢδ󣬲˶ѡӯΪǾ֮Ů
˼ǣӯԪֻó£㱻ȥ˷ͷǵӯŭϼȮûǳЦڵ̸̽֡
֮Էڱɨ߻Щ£һٿȻ˼ϡ
֮ףĵĻδ
֮׻󼸸֦չͨѾߣ˵ƣֺվŵˮ
֮ޱ飺ԵҪæ
ЦһֵĵǽУͨһū澵Ҳϰ֮ͨ
˶볣֮£ȴŵ֮ټ֣һＧ䷳Էˣ񶼿Ӧ糣ˡ
ĵ½ûա
֮˵ĸɴֵ࣬ͷɨԺ䣬ʱˮ̱Ųǵûգշ̵ĺðɣĪҪ˵¸ɾף˭ţ
֮ҲգȴЦˣǳԼܣϲĵµĴ齣£
˶ʱһѿС˸ӡ㸺ˡ
֪֮ʱĻӲõҲЩͨѾǴȥģȻûͬͲסϴ꣬ͣһԼĻӹĻ겻ӣʵԷڣͨɨѾû
ƣ֮ײԼԺѾߣʳдҴȥ˹Ӽࡣ
ŸյӼſڣ㿴ݺ͸Ӱ
ݻɫͦɣ߳࣬üǷһֳظУһڣҪƹ
ԶԶݱ㿴˳֮ף΢üͷЩż֮ףôˣ
ƲǺܸһ㣬֮գգۣԣЦһʳ˵ӵ£˳³
Ƥüͷ΢չۿ˿Ӽķǻ½㵲ڳ֮ǰ˵ǻȥٳԡ
˵ձ㼲Էķߣ֮׺͸ֻ׷󣬳֮׸ʹʹɫѯĵ½ôˣ
ǳüŪۣˡȻ֮ûʲô˼
˵Ļʱ֮״ʳһСܽظ⣬СѸײڶ֮ƣŽݿУȻװʲôҲûļ
ݲһ˲ּǰߣֱԷ֮ײ̲סЦó𣿡
ݵͷ΢¹ùġ
ǵ;ͽģ䲻¹ùƣ䷽һܽظ⡣
˵ų֮ʣǿܽظ⣬ԵĽζкһԵĸһԡ
ȴ᣺ȥӼΪ͸㣿
֮΢㶣ͷǰ
ȻüżպĪҪȥˣһ
֮ײ⣬ѷֹһˣݲԸʱȥʵͷԣ֮ǰ಻ش𣬹ȻбԼ뷨ˣٲСʱǰɿɰ񻹻ʱŻӵļӣ³֮ڷ˼ԼǷĵĲԣ
ԡʱ򣬳֮͵͵Ѹн䷿һ͵֮µƣˣſ̤ȥ
֮һϣҺʲô
һࣺ֮׹£ҲҰĵ֪Խ䷿йŮһңҳƤ
֮һūţһܺк£ߣĵ²ǰײв֮ˡ
ᣬĵǶŹ㣬ҲԱǺ̬ȡ
֮ײ߶£տǹӼŵ²ˣ
ҡҡͷûС
ֵ֮ǱǵĴ治
Ͻϣûаĵ±ǲ˭Ҳ᲻㰡
֮װ˼⣺Ǳˣܲ׼ҳԷ
֮׹վӰɡ
Ͻ䷿кᡣ
Ȼ֪


28 .  ݼ   ԭݼһݵ̫
֮˼, ⻬ۣûκΰ̺ۣȷʵ, ûСʱǰɰ, Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
̾, ܻٳԽݿ̱, 巢֮ĸ, ֮ױزԼкβףҪòȡ˵ȱ㡣
պ, ֮׽Է࣬븣һʱʱͬݳӼࡣ
ȴиһ˱㹻, ֮ɷԺѧϰ̫ҽᡣ
ҽҩ, ̫ҽȱ˿ʵٹǱ鼮ϵЩô֮һоݵ˵ұǵµŮū澵Ժ, Ĵγʮ, ߰˸ūŮ໹ĸ˷̣Ϊջ, ֻ븣̺ѾԵúܺˡ
һ, Ц⼸, һֱ˰
֮Բͬն˵ǰڹǽܲ͸磬Ϣȥ, ¹Ӽ󿪣˶ܽˣǿĻӹ׾ɲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôأҶҪס·ɣĪԿ
һ鲢ï˵಻޵Щ￴˵һ˵ˣŶǻϵѪںĿǰȻǲá
ǹ֮׸ҲŸѿǳ֮׶Ȼǵóѡ
ݻ΢΢üӣü۵ʹĪǵǾôҳȥᶪ......ŲԸҸţ
ݼæҡͷȻûС
״֮ЦǱǵͬˣؿӼ࣬븣һڲࡣ
ֲ˵ӣȻͬˡ
һ۹۱ǱǹĵĸͲµ֣ǲۺʱĻӵ¶ġ
պ󣬹ӼؿйԱ֮ӶӻʳϲŽ룬ҽϹذأֻͣڲ⣬ϲŽֻòӼ࣬ڼū·ϸ̶вι۹ھµ飬˲źͷūߣ
ҽǰÿѸЩӸСǣʳǲȾǣھһڻʹﱻץ˰ѱ˿࣬ԼܷС£ǣ壬һپһЩǰӼѧǶԣžǹ˳мӡ
֮ͬӼʱպÿ߱ū·ԶԶı㿴˳֮׼ˡ
⼸ҲȥһɬӳȣһϮ£ڴɼɫƣһȥʱһ˲š
첽Ļӵ£֮׹﹫
ס
֮׼ˣδ칫ǫѷٷ磬Ҳշ
ָȻףЦСæҳݡ
һα˳ΪūŵĸЦ˻ƽն͵͵ŵ⣬ȴһֱû߱ˣһǾôĶŴˡ
ʱ߲ſ󻹸һŮӣŮһˮɫȹ֫ϸͤͤòüĿ㣬º۴ơ
ǵãݼ
ߺЦݼ״빬Щţ¼¡
ݼЩߺ죬ͷüԾִٵĸ񣬱ֶ㵽
һ̧֣ҡͷ޷
һԵĳ֮ݼֺ۾˲ˣ
ԭݼһݵ̫
δ뵽ڴʱѽʶˣֻ˸ոʶֻ֮Źݼ֣ȴһֱûмֻ֪д̫ӲãʱʱݳɻΪݼ룬һֱδãδȢˣڳ֮֮ǰֻݼһ̫Է䲻ٰղ²Ǹˡ
һһбȽ˹ӼԺڣ߶ȺҹСĵ̫Ӽڡ
˹ӼĴţһͥԺ̳γʯде⣬쳣žƽ̺ӹǵūţҪͥԺʱš
Ժ󣬳֮СպҪһЩݼ
ݲ⣺ΪΣ
֮ܲ˵Ժ̫
ֻС࣬ɷµةฮŮСӲã칫⼸¹ù˶࣬ƽչһӦġ
ǿͬ⣬Ӧˡ
ΪȻ̤֮װҡͷΪʲôһŶΣȻûСվˣҪһ׶Է˼źá
֮׺͸һվԺһεĽʱʱԵС֮ǿдĹСǣѰǼݣܿʮ￴ӯͽ³
ӯմĿνģۺɫĳȹΣüۼױݾ£üĴһĨɰ죬ڽǰСǵΪ۵һ³ǴңɫźΣһͷһڹӸҲһ˻ΪԼ֪ĻΪǾĸ˼ҵĹӡ
֮׿бһѶ³޸УվϲҲԹˣ
ʱȺȴԺдЦ̧֮ۿȥָ³ڡ
һԿЦĸչЦ˵ֻлòܴѧͯӼ࣬ĻӵСҴǰ
֮׻ȻֲɹӼ󿪣û˵Ǵ
ҡҡͷӵĶ֪Լͬñ⣬֮׹ƣ˭˱Ǹĵģ㶼֪С
ѹˣǾй壬ڻʹʲôˡ
Ȼ³ûнȥڣ䵽ͥԺڵĽūź͹ŮվһмūſƵƵЦŭԣֻܵơ
Ϊūź͹ŮҲͨˣΪӺ͹ǵ̺֮ˣǵǱǵǵӣ򹷻ÿأ³Ҳá
ֻðͷ˭Ҳһһѱ̬վڽ
֪֮ԭһ³һֱⴵԼڹӼĹ¼Ǳģöȥֻͬūվһ𣬵ǿЦ
֮ײĿ³ﻹʲô湫ӵ󣬴쳣Σȴֺת۲ȥֻ¶࿴һ۾Ϲ
ӼһգȻַǷġ
Ӽ໹徻ѧãȴһǵĴֳ
һЩŮĸΪƯ͵ЩӸĸΪӢ
Ϊ̫ǣλΪչʾԼĲòѧʶ쳣ѧϲµڶˡ
˼̫üĻ޿ɾҩĻݣÿÿҳ⣬ѧﶼ֪һϤѧģҲ٣ֻ˵ʵ޲ͣͷʹѡ
гְڣüĵ£鷭 ڡ 
ַ̧ҳ飬˾ǵһԵγЦ˵棬ԵҪһݵӣǺԵĸ̫̫ǳ֪Ļʵëûһѧ̫ˣֺ̫鷳
Χ˵ƵƵЦЩеĹСǶ͵͵׿ݣдź
Ȼⷬ˵ǶԷ磬ＤҲֻԷǸСˡ
ݵб󷽣״ȴ΢΢üܿʼյͷϵɫҲʵ壬ʵǱѹ󲻵ûڵģȻд˵ĻӼ䲻ϣȴû뵽Ļӵ汻ѹⳡľ
̫ѧԸɢѧڹӼһʱΪĵ½ѧ
߳˵Щ⣬ȻͬˣϾ߿ϲѧ
ǰλͷһۣЦûٴ
ǻͫдһ˿ͷꡣ
ѯʣʲô£


29 .     ֮׵ˣӴ˶ԡ
Ӽպ, µķա
û뵽ЩھһĹСǣڹӼѧ̶̼ձְɣֱӡΪ׵, ͷմԳ, һϡ, 幫劼֪Ӽ󣬱ֱԼ岻ʲˡΪͷۡ
, հӶ, ȴ正ʷӯ;߸֮ӡ
Ϊ׵಻, ᣬȴЦΪǫѷº, ޻ӵļ, ȻϲֻЩ˼ҾǶƷԱ
ةฮ츮һ˫ŮȻܱ˭Ҳ, ȴ˭Ҳƫ̻, ͬةฮһ籣
ɨһڵѧǣĻľګʱס
Ŷ, Գһɡ
вҡҡͷ, Դӽ̫̯, ûһ˳±úܶˣ뽲ѧʱλ, 㡣
ڵ̫зգĳ֮зա
ŸˣǺԺ࣬³̫ˡ
һֺˣ̶̼ձѧ˷Σ˶Ϊڶձ㲻ˣδ뵽˻죬ÿÿӯ빬ÿÿūվһ
Ӧĺܿ죬ӵѾߺݺĵѾڹźˣ˱ӲǲйӸ̸ģʱͺ³һСŮ̬֮
ȻΪӵѾߣݺȷмɫֻ³˾ó֮ЩŻŸԶ
ֻյ³˼ںݺ⣬Ŀⲻϵĳų֮ƳȻ˹
³ŴЦ·㣬ǫǫӵɣѯʣλŮò֪λӺ͹ŮҽɴЩĸ㣬λƷĪҪˣΣ
˵Ϸһգգۣó֮ײѸҹ³
ûﵹ£˵Ӧ£еĳԡ
³״ӻͳһֽױƵĴ򿪣żӰٺ֣Ƥϻӡһ֣ԭĸ㡣
֮׿һۣģԼƲĹŮūųôصĵġ
һ֣ü۱Цˣ߳Ա˵л³Ӻ⡣
ﻹݸ֮һ飬֮װҡͷʾⲻԡ
³һԵºмӣŮ֪ǾΪ룬ŶؽʵѰ˼ʳ㲻һϲһ͵͵㡣
֮࿴һĵҲЦ
ҲϲóԸ㡣
Գ֮׵䵭³˼ΪΪƯСѾӦݵû뵽ǿӲʯͷ֮Ķ
˵ҿĵһۣԵɷֺ֪ϲãұӹϲĶǰΣ
³˵棬һ˫״顣
֮ƤЦⲻЦ͹ӷģĻӵµŮϸҵع治Խء
ĻӺ³ֻЦЦ߿ˣȻĻڹһֱĬĬţôǵջӵݣ³ȻɫȻǡ
Ǽȫ˸Ķ͵ЦŸ֮˵³²Ǹɵӣĸ¸ǣĺ̨Ļӵ𡣡
³ھͻȻ𣬲ǿĻƣȫһִƴû֪ĺ̨ǻӳŵġ
գ֮ױΪ³Ӧɧˣ˭뵽˽ûûƤĹˣջַһЩϳС⣬еСˣоµ廨ȣһЩŮū
֮ȻϣЩʱʣµĶﳤӹеūŻ¾ͽ˹ҲδȥһΣȻЩСϲõĲУһʱЩǽ³ﶼ˺üСˡ
֮װûϢĸ˳СѵĪҪˣЩֲֵǮֶ̣Լ͵͵˽©ٲ˷
ֻίĽַ˻ȥ֮׼۰Ͱ͵Ŀŵôϲ´򼸸
⻰һ˵ʱˣƵĸ˵֮׹ãԺҶģ
³ЩūǴһƬò˵ⷽȷʵˢӣ³˳ūǴ˳֮׵֣Ļڹڵĸ¼ȫϢֺƤЦ˳֮ǰ
˲ע⣬ӻͳһƯСˣı˾ϸ࣬һȹŮģ̬䣬ѡ
ʱ֮׿ɰ֮˰䣬һƣ滹оϲ
³ü۴Цŵģ˻ܱУ֮еĲʣɹǸ˲෭ԭиԲףǿյģһűֽ
֮򿪣³ּ֮Īȥٿ޷
˵תͷ˵Цˡ
ϻԷ󣬳ԡڼ䣬֮óǸСˣҲĴչԴ
֮׳ײֽȻޱֱˣˤ˸ϡ飬Ŷࡣ
ֻֽдһʫһ⣬֮һղ⣬˼֮
ŵ˵֮׶ķθˮʵŵ˸Ӵ˶ԡˡʫ⡣
³˼ó֮˶ԲߣԸﺰϼūţԼдһʲݵĻš
ڶյ˹Ӽ֮࣬ױ糣ֻǱ³¼һ³ˣȴͷϲȫƫˣΪ֮׿ʫк˲Ż¶ɬ̬
ӲڵĿų֮ϸ֦ƯݣմմϲһܰѾƭȥٲͷҰսһѣ͵ŮζҲȻǮȥ湴Ժϵǿ
³Ƿǣյ֮׵Ļʱδ뵽ԼôҪˣ򿪳֮׸űֽдţδʱӼּ
³ʱĻŭţ֮׵ʱмӡ
ٽӼɢѧһʱʱ䣬δʱһ֮븣ֱȥ˹Ӽһ³Լ̤ĲҲǰȥԱߵ֡
֮ʱԱ߻иһ㶣֮׹Ǻ⣿
֮Цſ˵Ǻ⣿
³ȻЦͨһЩ֮£Ե֮顣
֮ݶЩˣ˸һɫ֣ʱ˺üŹӵСūţ³Χ
³Ÿо鲻ԣϾ֡
֮Цⲻұ㹫һЩܡ֮°գ
ūһӵϣŹӾͿʼˣ³Χ޴ӣڵϱ˴ͷܣлдʣʷĹͣ㡢޵÷
ԣ³ӣǻʹ̰ա
³ŭЩūţҴңҪȥϣ
Σҵɵӣ˵ŻˣӣҲͷѽչӣūǳıӵҲҶֲǣҴĻӵ»֪飬ĵ֪˼СҵĳԵķϣūžȰٴ򣬱


30 .  ״   ⹬Ůʲôţ֮ף
ϧ³, Ѿʼһ߰Ŵһº͹ӵ, Ǳ
һ, ³ϵʹ, 㿪ʼǱ, ǵͷϴǺԵǸ, ֪һ㡣
֮׿˿ʱҲǿ쵽ɢѧʱ, ߹ȥһŲ³ıϣ룬Цǳ֣³, ˲, 飬㻹ȥʲôݺݺѲе˼ϣͲһٴˡ
³, ģҲ̶á
֮׸Щūһһ, תŸˡ
ոҴ³ǻʹ, Ӧá˵ĺıϵ, ˵ĲǸ, ӣҲӼڶã֮׻ĲŻлӹϸ, ӯӣ͸Ϊһ³ˡ
֮ױΪ¾ʹ˽ҹ³֪ѶˣڹҲʲô˻øûн¸ݡ
ȴû뵽ʱգӯͻȻֱͦ壬ΪԼıͷˣڹӼ⣬³ָ˭ִ
³վӯС˵־״ĳª֮ײһԼϲһ˵ģһҪվŮ˱޲ҵ֮ˡ
ӯǳ֮׺󣬵ɴ˫ĿǾЩʱֻŰͽֺΣûע⵽ЩԺӽĹŮūǣ뵽֮ҲУҼδźɫȹŮǳˣ鶯޵ӯޣҲ֪ΪΣ԰ھǵһμ֮׺󣬱
ӯ̤ǰӸ£ұ磿Ī涼ûУһССĹŮҲҹȻˣ
ʱΧūǶĿҲЩĿ֮ס
֮УƽСū⣬ūһ޸֮ŮӣܹŹǿ׳³ӣСǶкβֱԱǣūȻҶС㲻
㣡ӯŭգ㾹ϣڴǿʶɣ
֮Ա㱰ײһû֤ݺ˵ģǵ⹬ǶСӯĲǡ
ȷʵ糣֮ԣû³˷·ӯŹŮڻʹѹŮһ㣬ЩūȻԸźǵͷˣǻãһҲǡ
ֵ÷зԭڵĻӺ͹Ҳۼ˹
Ϊ׵ıӣԪһͣüͷȵ³֣еıͷۣ
ǰӯ۾˲ˣһ֮ǰżĿΣоݣߵ£⹬Ůƾ۸ҵˣ¾ܲϣ¸ӯָ
룬δ̧ͷɨۿ֮ʱ۾΢΢ԽԽѾ죬ļ
˵˵㷸˺£
֮û뵽ӯĻӸ״಻£վƽ˴£Ź³һ¡
ӿ̧ͷ۾ֱˣǾޣҲδȥı⣬ݺϸϸ룬źȻⲻǼǰӭʱģпɵСѾû뵽δƯδʩ֬ˮ۵Сˮһ˫峺۾͸鶯µĴоȤ
һĻӯȻиǾó֮ǸɺӵģҪװ崿޲ѣͲóڹ
£ںԣҪΪӯ
ӯģοᷳδü˵һĮ
ҴǴ򲻵ã
ξȣͷ֪ʱĻݣľѹҲˣյһĳ̬ˡη룬ҲԣѾҲԸ⻤ůأֻû뵽дǸӻݲؽһ¾ġ
ģȻãĻʵܱ˵˵ֺǣһ򲻻ڵˣƢǣ³
ΰǳһϷ̬ڹû˺֮ˡ
̤ǰȻվڳ֮ǰεĵסɫţž˿ľګģûεļֱԵղɣײ³ݺ͵飬֮£ۣ˳˰ˡ
˵ļɣȻŲɣΣ
ȻΪ³ͺݺĹϵΪУʱһ˵ЦԺڵĹǶ顣
ݺ⻰ɫףŵǰڵϣͷ˵£û³κ˽飬죬ݺǱĵԩģ
ЦԼϣɫʱûЦڳһƬ
ڵϿ޺۵ĺݺ˵ҲиˣǿźݺζϳˣߣһֱůһδѾҲȴû뵽ͱ顣
ûֱӿ³û˽˵ȥʲôǲ͵Ļȥˣ
εʣ³ݽţ߶²˵ӯ⺦µӣüͷ㵹˵磬еΪͷ㻹ʲô콫ʵ˵
³Ŀ±ŲѣСĵ˵ͷˡ
ӯ𾪲ѣɫˢף㡢㵨ڹ͵ˣ
³·ӦּæʸڷϣûУû͵ˣûУǹŮң年ҵ֣Ҵһ٣
˵㼱ָ֮ףǺ⣬ڳ֮˽Բⷬˣֻոյͷϵˬ죬ٽͶ˱⡣
ʱ歵Ůǰ߳˵£³ӽȷʵݺ߶ūڴ˺ţ
ΧǵķӦα֪ʮа-ģĲУŭգԼůѾתͷͱ˯ˣǴҰս˷κֱǲ
Ѻݺȥҹ
һ£ݺĹڵϿģջǱȥ
תֿ³³̣ǺݺջֵˣվȻ˵ˣΪ˻ĹģһԵӯҲžţֽɫҳһ仰˵
ʷ˵ļҾ㿴˾ϹΪ͢ķϣһ²ܾʹ˽ҹȻ̣ܽ°ɣӽ³˱Ϊūòμӿƾ볯Ϊ١
³ʹ飬ȴֻùлɱ֮ӯδԼлﻹҹεȻҲθ³³뿪˹Ӽࡣ
Ǿʹ˽ҹ֮װ򶨣ʵ󱳻ǳһŹ³һû°ѱûݳ˵Ǿ仰ת˷򣬽֮»֪Ҫճ˴Ϊ˳һ³ƭ飬֮µ³çˡ
Ȼ黹ǲģݣгⲻüĻʵԭҲỤ̰Ӣ۾ʵòĹŮ˷ѣź򱾵ɡ
⹬Ůʲôţ֮ףҪˡ


31 .  Χ   ̤֮ǰĵͷ񡭡
ݷ·֪Ҫ˵ʲô, Ϊѣ˼һ˵֮ǻʵܳ빬ʱڸʹ, Ҫҵ޲, ʳ֮, ʵǷҲ԰ȥƽú͹
ﻹ͸һ˿ϣƺȲҪó֮׻Ļ, ƽ, ú͹ӣƽﶼ뼧֮ˡмΪ, ǸɵӣҲɵ֪ȥĸܸԼҵܡ
Ѿ˼ڸ, Ϊ˿ס, ϣʲô˻޷ΪЩζԼĸ˵, ȻΪҪһŮ, ˻Ըȥ
ԽԽв죬˳, Ѿ, ֱڴ̸, ΪԼ˸Щˣгͷ֮˲ɣ
л, ŵǰ۵ֱµ
ݲοҲ߳˹Ӽࡣ
ݵͷۣһĨѪȡ
֮¾ʹճҲѹɢѧʱΧϷ󣬱׷ȥ
ʱԷڡ
֮ǰԼһʱ嶯Ϊµ鷳û뵽ջ֪һ£Լ֮빬ڼµȡ;òԣһú͹Ǵû˭˶֪ʮǰ۵ǻʱʺΪͣôƴݡ
˼ˣ֮׵ӳء
һ糣ŵݣ̧ۿ֮ûԼڣ˼ӣ㿪ʵ֮ǲ𣿡
ܹ֮̾Ըգ֪࣬ԺܷΪµ
е£ң
Ȼﶼˣ֮׵ͷһ̾
ݷ֮꣬ףϸʵյ£ΪǰЩʱûи³һ£
˵֮ڨЦһ£ҴˣΪڹȨƣӯͷ£ŴŸһ١
˵㣿
֮װڰ֣ȻûУһ̸ҡ
ݵͷü鲢δи
֮׼״֪ģǵĽ³֮´οһݡ
δ˵ʲô飬볣֮Щҳ˱ܰ÷
䣬֮׻䷿ݽڵĸ˽
սսڵϹĵͷվݸǰոƳ⿴һ˫˵ѪҲ̧ͷҿˡ
³˵һ顣
˲ĺһһʮĽ³Ϊ˵ˣڹӼ٩ĸĹŮ˭ʲôС쳣֮ס
˵󣬾þò಻̧ͷ󱳵챻ˮʪˡ
ݳ֮׵£㱨
æ׳ǣºһ·Сų޵
ʱһˬʵĵµĽūų
̧ͷŴԾµˣʵϢ
һ棬߳Ӱߴ׳˶һСɽһѳĲһĵ۽һֱ
ˣġ
ݿŲɣӲݣ˱ʱϰýʦʺİױչ㡣
ģ
չͷĵ֪Դ±ʺͳһֱϡһֱδڻһǲɢӣǰʱջؾǵҵè̫йһ£ԴǴˡ
ɫӿںδ
չü˵ѹ˵Σʱ޷̽ȥҴ»δ֪̺ʺһ˶ѾߣСŻʺ󣬽Ĺʺ漰֮˽նɱˣΨг̫ҽº֪£ֻıʺ˽һ뾩Զʺ˹ȥδؾǰȥ̽ǰϳһʧٰǵظ̵ķĪʧ٣Ѱ˼궼δѰˣرġ
еıذף˼ϡ
չ룬ǿ˵йһ»ģһֿܣǵ©֮㣬ɱúץڽϵģ౩¶˴¡ȻĶʺģóʺ֮¡
⻰ǵݵͳһЦѪɫ䣬˵ױ䡣
ˣչδ˵
¼顣
ǽϵĶ̽תҪȥ
չ㾪ȣѿʱȥģ
ͷҲأɱˡ
䣬˱Ṧ䣬Է֪ȥδ
չƬ̣ǰҡͷһ䣺ɱ治ƻʺ󡣡

Ӽ󿪰࣬Ͷ˲ٲ෹Ц̸̸Ļʷ볯ΪٶǸԲϻͷǾ˿ڳ޵֪֮ˣ⣬ǻôҲ벻гһΪЦΪ³˵ֶ
³ڹ͵˶棬ŭԪ˵ڱΪū˵³ظһͨ˵֪ºЩʣԴ˽ֶ³ϼңϾݹϵ
³˵ԭ£ȻᣬС˻һٰˮ
³֫۶ϣ죬ɥڽͷ
¾а£̸³ģ˵Ǳ֮˴֫󲻿裬븹ɱ˵ͿֶֶϽйɱ˵֫ϣӶг顣
֮Щ廨ŵ˵һ˼³ҡ
ûñ㴫˹֮źЩ𾪣δ뵽˱ô׵ˣһ³ھǻķˮ𣬻ȡһСĹһϦ֮䣬˶ûˡ
ȻССľȹ󣬳֮ײδԼİˡ
֪ʱӯĿ³֮˵Ȼһֻϣȴ˲СĸĹ̸ۣ˴¡
ڹǰŮǹ𣺡С֮ˣ³ʮа-ֳˣ˲Ʊǰ򵥣ӯΪѡһ
üϲӯƽƽ
˳ָŻϣةฮŮݼұŮӯ
ҲûԣͷѡȻݼةฮ̫֮λмΪǲѡ
Ӧͣʵиݼһӵ˿ϲΨǸհ˼ǵةฮıΪԺ̫֮λֻ֮λȥ֮λҪҸòĲС
ʱݼԼѾ˿̫֮λģЩʱڹӼѧһѶûнύÿձǸ߽ϸջȾ˷纮ŵһɲҩζ·һ㵹ˡ
ة֪۲ѣةฮ֪۰Ĳ֮ӣϲС岻õĵŮݼΪ˵Ů壬ôҩĶܴϵرѰݼ̥ļѲة޲ýﻤš
˼˷纮㲻ȥӼ࣬ݼоݵĻؾ˸׵ĺ⣺ʲ˲ȥŮҪοŮŮھûʲôѣڹӼж˽ӴʶŮȥɣչ˺ҵġ
ة಻ͬˣһҪ˺Լá
ݼ˼ֻԼ±̸ةฮĲǣܽӼѧ٣ȥҪ˿ġ֮ò˸ȥӼѧĻᣬݼ˸ӡ󣬽˶ѡ
룬˿ɲ룬歵λݼڣÿÿŮӱǲ죬֪װ˭ĸӵĴ
Ҳȷʵ˸λӵƽ䲻ôݼ˵ȴԼūĸݼʳ㣻俾Ͳ˵ˣ˭һźݼģ꺮ůʱ̸׵ǣľͷݾȻݼмչˣ歿ôܲжݼĪĲ²⡣
ӯῴɫһʱװôйҩζ
歴󾪣ӱţģУ
ӯᣬЦûˣӯΪҩء
ŭôҩζǻ˵ݼһĻˡ
歰ȱ㳯ݼȥӯ
ʱݼŴӸдҩʱʱԼ£һ̧ۣǰ汻Ӱסеҩ౻˶㶵̧ͷ
ҩߵֱӵˮ峺ĳˮ˲䱻ҩˮȾۻơ
ݼҪûأȴǳˡ
歽еҩյڵϣ˶յԹڵԷйڱǰװʲô죬Ⱦ÷纮ԵಡǲǣҽվҪҴҲǰװֱ˵һֻǻʵܵģĸҪ
ͻʻͱ˵ݼԭأūǶĿ˷ɸϻӺ͹ӸǶ̫ȥǬԪԺڣݼһվǰŵС
ûװǰЩʱڸдȾ纮˵ȡ˵ȼҩ纮Ȭ
ݼԴһ仰˵
дżЦ˵Ҫţƽ޲ʱҲͦѽô»Ƕڣ㻹װ˭أ
ݼҪͣһԵӯȴװ˵ݼãĪҪǹˣʵҩζõͷʹƣǨŭ㡣
歺һֱۻصݼǸ
ݼͷ䣬Ǹһ
£ҩζȷʵţūһ֪´˺㣬ӲǨŭκˣ˷СԣƳ˹Ĳǣū澾ù㲻֮ˡ
̤֮ǰĵͷ񣬼һͨʺƨūڹڶ£ȣĳΪ˺ƣ֮ò¾˹ȻڮٹĲǣūʵԸ衣
һ歳ԭء


32 .  ̻   Ļӵ£಻Ǳ㵥
ĸѾߣڱǰ
ūĵµŮ, һֱоĴòūʼ̼ġ
֮Ͽ, ˫۾ֱֱĿ, ڱԼһƬݾ֮, -ʱ歶Щδδй, ڹһ˶ݾ, òɣҲʱ̹עŵ, ЩƽӹֺֻðͽԪˡ
һԵӯ״۾, , Īڴ˺
֮׶ʱüСⷬڮū澸ո˵ǺСǾöܲñ˾Ǿö֮òСͼ
ʱһ˵, ಻ɵ, һ˼׹ʱԵӯŭֱʣñȥͷݼ
ӯŵĸæҡͷϣ޿, Ҳδйù뷨
ӯ˵ʲôȥ, 歿˿ԭصݼ;Źȵӯ, һةฮһʷ򸮣ĸɽҪúýύ֮, ԽԽһƽֺùӱˣƾλҪԽȥЩŮϸɴ˦ӵ˼ֱһ֮ѣ
䣬歾ֱĿ粽ڣ֮¡
ӯתͷŭĿӣų֮ҧгݣҵš
תȥֻʣݼһվڳ֮ԴԻ
֮׶ǳҩյӲ˲ǲ˵ҩյūȥСϴͻա
ݼ̧ۿ¶м֮飬֪ĻӺͳ֮ʶѾãԲվЦл֮׹ǹԣҸոյ治֪Ǻá
֮ŴһǸӣ˳Ů˼˱ϲ֮׶Ǻøбһ뵽õŮδܰ࣬ǻϲ
СлӲŵҪոǸҩˣ֪Сɻзӣȥ̫ҽԺٰС㰾һҩ
ݼһæ֣һ˺üͷ̫ҽԺˣûнӴϣл⡣
֮׼״ԭĻӱŵĲˮһݼ˼һ²˵Сŵùңֻͨ纮Ļ֪ҪЩҩġ
Ȼŵù
Сڴ˵ȺƬ̣ȥȥ
˵곣֮ҩյ̤˹Ӽֱ̫࣬ҽԺȥݼŲ豭뺰סȥӰһ̧ͷѾˡ
ڽΪιӼд벻ڣǾѪҪǵѧҵϰΣ̫ȥǬԪ̫ԼĵͬӸһȥΪıǴε档
ϣ״Ʋ˼⿼һˣܴһ⣬ת룬ֳһ⣬Ҳ鼮ŵϵݣʫŴʣ¹ر߽ս£һཻʵ⡣
ԵʮҾҾһɽ޿ˣʮ⣬Ҫιƣ
һ˶˼ڲ鱾ЩݣսأӺѧǷ׷׷Լ뷨͹ԳԼⷽĲŻͶ˾Ψһ˶Ϊ̾Ϣ
ɨۿЩˣЦʵζ˵˵
ԪΰͦأǰһʣҾɽУӦɽоʯֵУʷ಻ûʤսۣӦȫԸµо
۶ƺͷתͷһˣ찮֮ӣء
߹ػϣҾӭбѹɽУʱֻҪסɽɣԮǰлʮ㲻Ϊ塣
ͷޣةĵӣķ緶ѧʶݣǶ˵Ŀɶԣ
ͻȻеݣ̧ȴľګҡҡͷظʣ֪
ü㲻֪ʲô
ݻص̫̫δ̹νñ֮⣬֪
ͻȻЦˣ˿ûŭһԵ̫ˣ̫ݵĻشȷ𰸣Ȿһα⣬ĺ벻öǲԣΪݲԣڵ˶¡
޵ĶغǴԪĸ֡
ڿһ䣬̫Ըֻ̫֪ͣ۵˼˽Ի࿴׻Ϊζûдݿ佱
װݿ佱
º󾰵۸ʹһֻ̫˹Ӽ࣬ݵһ˿֪̽ײǱģ
ѧʱȻҳж϶Ƕغ˰ա
ʱةฮ
ݼѽչӼ෢˵˸׺͸磬ǲؽ֮׶мӣΪȥ̫ҽԺҩȻ׺͸ȴ۸ˣҩյˣ¿ɰةĹǺﶼ»ıŮȻѹ
ةѵչݼ۸㾹ȫȻ֪
գף̫ȥǬԪϣԲŲ֪Ӽ෢˺£ݼΪʲôûиң
ݼôأҩյ֮װҰҩյϴˣµҩ۽ӣ磬ûʲôֻǶˣ֮ҽΧ
ةวź΢㶣֮ףǼǰһǸѾͷ
ߺݼ˫˫ͷة״ЦҡҡͷѾͷϷԵˣպٶһסǴԺӵˣڹҪ¡
Ӧ£ةϸϸǬԪʥһ£ʵشϤ˵ةࡣ
ǬԪϵ£ةһ̾ߵַˣڼ
һ㶣ס
ة²յⲻش𣬲õĻشڻǰ˵Ҫ㣬ǺݣйƷ˹ս£ñ֮ʲô뷨ɣҪӺ㣬һԽ̶÷СȻҪѣڳ֮ϣʲô˵ʲô˵ϸϸ
ҪסһǻʣͱҪ֪ΪηʣΪҪ𡣡
Ÿһϯĳ˼ݵʱĻ˿̲ŵԻȻ
㻹Ҫԣڸܱ꣬ĳޣҪ͸е⡣ڹԣУɲ˵Ҳ˵
ö˵ͷ˽̻塣
˿Ļӵ£಻Ǳ㵥
ة̾һ䣬ӻǶ¡


33 .     ⲻǵ˼𣿣
֮ͬǰȥӼһ, նŲˮģŷĵͬĿζ֮׵⿼ǽ, ¹ùû˲, õó, ֮ݵĲˮУʱʱһЩ̲Ĳҩȥ, ͨĲˮһζ, ܽⷦ
Դհݼߴŵлһ, ݼҲԽԽϲͳ֮״һÿÿ֮ʱѰ֮˵˵
֮ױÿձݲˮ, һǸݵ, ΢Ĺ㣬һǸݼģ̲ҩ, ζ΢΢ɬ, ȴǴ㡣
ݼϲĲˣةฮԼ˳֮ס
֮׿еɫ, һʢˮ, 幤ϸ, һһ߶Ϊ֮׼Ʒõı¹ùãϵ, Ǳ֮Ӿ˽˫ߴС
СóȥǼֵǣҪ͸𣿡
֮ϲţ֣Ǿ̾տĴա
ݼ΢죬ͷġ
֮׿ĵݼƤգۣС˵СôõˣպҪĸ
Ǿ˻ĵĻ֮ȴݼȻıͷȥŲ豭С
֮׼״΢㶡
£
ݼԥƬ̣ͷ
ԣ֮¿˿ѧСʱˣԺͤȲʳ֮Ʋ¸ݼڹӼԺ˸徻Ľ䣬ܿˮĽεվԶĸһͷˮĲ֪ŮҪ˵ʲô˽
֪֮дһ룬ݼҪ޸ˡ
䲻֪һ굱˶ʲô£ܹǲģֻҪ˲䣬ôδݵʱݼǰݡ
ݼˮе㣬ԵĲɡ
֮ױ˵ʲôѴС˵δ󣬵ٻһ˳üչѵةฮԺ֮£
֮ļ򵥣ЩŸۡǰԺӣ̫ŮҵŮķԺ֮˿ȺǵĹѷɫ
ݼȴҡҡͷ΢΢ЦǸ֮£綼Ҽã֮ʱѲãΪΣǲɢԺٲδҡ
֮΢Щةฮȷ˽⣬ȻˣݼӦĺŶԡ
֮׵ɻݼų̾ҲԸ޸á
֮Ŀɿڴ㲻Ը
ݼԸȴ˵ְȣҲļϲ֮ˣֻǻãĲԸ⡣
֮״Ŀδ뵽δ˵ĻΪպݼݻˮɣԽԽȴ֪ݼĵױǵִµġ
Դ޸ӣҪ޸ӵȴҪɡ
ϸϸ˼һ֮׺ʹ治ʲô׽ĵط׹಻ʲô֮ˣ뵽ƴƴҪʹӣ֮ױݼˣÿ˵׷󶼲ͬ඼ԼеԸ˶úõģԼҪġ
ϲ֮ˣ
֮ƶһʣݼ˿ȣֺ˼֣ͷϡ
֮ױһ˿˿ϣʵǡ𣿡
Գ֮׵Ĳ²⣬ݼҡͷݺƷѣشСǾһ֮ӡ
֮׳ɥ֪мôĥѣȻǺϲݼòԸ񱳾ݶʵ䣬֪ϲ֮ˣжʱΪݵδһƬģݼةฮΪܣ̫֮λ᲻㲻ˣ
ݼ״Ϊ֮Ҳ˼ͷǿɬ˵ȴǲˣ£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣҪأϲҲֻòĵװˡ
ʧǰģ֮Щ죬ˣⲻϲ³ʱģŮ̸ɬϲʧѹֻ³֮˱Щǡҳ֮Ѷûйָˣ֪еɬѰ
֮ױ⣬̸Ǹ֮ӣǺ档
νʶ֮Ӧζ벻ةฮİɣ
ᵽӣݼݲü۴ЦټţĨһ㣬Ц˵Ǹھе֮һǰʱ͡һںԺǽͷ֮ϣ͵ҵ٣ұ㱧ܽδ뵽ڶǽͷǽͷĵط
֮ױЦˣ⸻֮ЩȤоеСʱھβԺֵķ緶
㻥ͨꣿ
Գ֮׵⣬ݼ߬һ𣬺ɬʵ硢λͨꣿҪֱԻϲ𣿡
֮˼һ£ʽʵɪ𣿡
ݼҡͷδ
дʫʸ𣿡
δ
ʲô𣿡
δ

ⲻǵ˼𣿣
֮仰ǳϸʵǽͷʲôأ
ݼص˵˵һļҳھ飬ٺˡ
»ټϵ𣿡
ȻδˣǺüǰ˵˼ֵǳæµܹж־ķӦΪ
Ϊ
֮а̾ǹӾû顣
˼ˣ֮ײݼڴϳԿתͷСĿʵǡǹӲϲ㣬㻹Ըڻ𣿡
ݼһףƴδ⣬ķʵңΪԺеǽͷ
֮εЦЦֻΪȤ޻̸ĺѣ
ݼɫһҧŴٽӻ
Σ֪֮Լض˵ˣ仰ԽأݼڣҪɵһζԼеĻ룬ܹκ¶ҪԼ·ñʵϲڡ
صԷʱùź󣬳֮̽̽ݵ˼
Σǰ֪ĻΪҪʲôҴһ㣬ЦŴȤʲô
֣ͷ˿Լѯ
֮аһѣݵߣȻĳ£Ͷι·ϰߣ֮˵¾ݼΣ
пϵ֪ҹ㡣
֮ιһѣ̧۵ûˣ
ɻ󣺡Ӧʲô
֮żòѽ²ˣһ𣿡
ݺЦҡͷû֮׺ÿ

ֵ֮ƷԣǾѵһĵ²ż汸ĵĺù
Եͷͬ˳֮ԡ
кθϵȻü⡣
֮вϰοԼ޷޷շһҪ׶Էĺã


34 .  Ϧ   Ī㻹лгã
ĩչ, ϦˣϦͬ꣬ż, ˻Ӻ͹ھһա
˻ǶĲ, ֮ͬ׶ǰһ, 빬Ҳˣδ̤ʳһ, ԭϤľǴʱЩİ
֮ıҪ˳, ִ䣬ͼҵһ͹ͦӢ˵ķʽ
Ϊ, ֻϦͬߺݼԼҪһͬھ档
ݱֻܿѾ˼ΪԼŴ磬ǲҲǻϲ, ǰ֮Χת, Լģ
֮ոݴһɫ̽Ͻɫ۴ö仹ɼ˿, ʱ˳ейѵģ, ǲǹˡ
֮׿⣬ĳϦദ, ֮ѾȰ, ݸʺϴɫ
֪ݼϲ֮, ֮׻ΪȡһһԵϲ϶м仹кܶ鷢, ˿ֻʱ򲻵ˡ
ʱΪ͵ĻǸˣղ̫һ˵ļװ۷Ź⣬ϵԸµҪȥ
ʱջ磬˱ȥ˾ǴСԺܹʱȥ̽һ¹ùá
ԺǰʱŴԺ֮ױһΪھðԺβԺɣû뵽ԺӿβԺˣٴЩɸΪ֮ۡôҲһӾðİ
ǰδܼʱŸ֪ſߵ
ӦŵȴǸδʶСѾͷС徯ĴļˣԹϺȻȻȷ˵ĺüôիˣǵүչˣҸ㣬ĪҪ۸Ҽϰ壬಻ԺУǲǽȥģ
Լ֮Щ⣬εվһԣòһϽϵϴˣǲի֮ˡ
һͣСһ£־Ŷסµǡ˭Ժﶼ񣬿ɴδй¡
Цã̽¹ùá
С˿лЩɹʱԺдһϤ
С壬Ǻˣ
Сſε£ԼĳݣæܹȥƶΣǸÿĹӺС㣬һū˵̽ùġ
ֻиﱻū΢Цһο϶Լū
һ뵽ʲôŵ֮ס𣿡
̤ԺڣǰǸ˵ùãǡ
˫ֶЩסݵֲ֣ΡΡգһһƲסߵЦ⣬ͷǵǵ£³ˡ
»عͷѵС壬¸Ļӵ񣬲û˹ء
һĻӣСɫףæĹڵϣ˵򸣣ū۲ʶ̩ɽ˵£ĪҪ
ݰ˰֣ʾ
֮ǰС壬ЦĪţ²㷽֮ٵģʶ֮˲׷˽ԺǶԵģ㲻ϹùãҪмء
ⷬ˵СȻ˵ĺϲ£죺ݣС壬õȸ
ڣ޶ٰڼ繬еݻȴܰ
С彫ҶԽ裬˫ĿٲжԲߵȴȻڣˮһ˿Ӱ죬ĸһԶ࣬ипǵʺŮߵɱ֮˲һǰ㡣
ݺͳ֮׽ӹ豭һȲ裬һƬ̹
̲֮סʵùãԺ칫ӵð𣿡
µͷةฮð죬ֻԺӵһ룬µģǽͨԵԺӴˡ
֮ȻЦЦδӦǿˣ⼸չˣةฮʱʱİģھбĺ£ֻмǹǣܵü֪ǶãұĿοˡ
⼸Σ±㽫鶼ϸϸ˵˶ˡ
˵Ц½žеķչȤ£֮˵Щ£ĬһǹЦһܿ¹ùѲū۷ǰѰ˼ľĶ࣬ͻԼмھǹ˼ǵıࡣ
֪һʱȥˣʱƻ裬֡
ԺŴһŶ룬һİ
⶷ҵҲСģΪ֮˵òڣ⶷ҷϸһ㣬ƾ̣һòҽձⲻǣ˵ҪʲôǣĪҪĮ˰
һ·׷ϲͷ˼㣬Ҳ֮ˣֱݣһ̧ͷڵļˣסˡ
ס̧ɨһȦڣƷòǷһŹˣףһͷһŹֵӿ˵ƽղģĻв˰Ī㻹лгã
˵гݷǳõü֮ûסЦ
¶һ˿Цݣ񣬱ϹϾŮĻӵ밲򸣡
䣬ɫ˲԰Ѫʧɫεĵͷаһˡ
ûٹһ顣
֮ڲףӻͳһƿƿ޹Ц˵ЩǴģ̫ҽ˵ЩƳҩ࣬ұ̫ҽԺһЩҩӲûţǵͿĨ
ͷ£ȴЩյղ֪ǻδ׼ʲôԺȥЩǴţȥ¥÷У
֮ҡҡͷ鷳²ڴţǳܳ¹ùã칫ǰӦһߡ
˵ţԺ⴫ߵæȥţߺݼˣڡ
߶˽ʱ벻˶࣬ˣսǰæݵšй󣬿ڸ񲻶ӰЩ죬Էͷȴ˭
ݼһӹӣ
ۼ΢΢ͷͷǺЦ֣ݼá
Ҳһڴˣ
֮һƺ̫ԣݼ΢Сӵ⣬Īݼеĸ֮ӣ
ƽ˵칫ʶôˣſڲԣôۻࡣ
Цҡͷ͵ĵĪգ޻⣬ᷣ
ݼԸͣٳ˵˶飬öˣݱҲΪЩС·ʲôˣڰ
æĨĨϵĺлֹôۻֱ࣬˸
ҲĻˣλӣﲻ˭鶼Уܲݲ£ضóԷͷ
ŻߵĻķָѰⲻԴ֪ةฮ֮𣬴ǰᣬδ뵽ջڴ˼ĵ£֪ԼϹۣŴﲻ죬ǰǸ
˵ϿңȴһԵһЦ˿Ǹ֮˱֪²һ£ƤЦЦҲ⡣
֮˺󣬼컬࣬ԸӹһˣʵǸĵ¹һӰˣ˳ھȴһֱھдѹӹӵҪǸիó㿴Σ
Цˡ


35 .  Ը   ϧʱļ˭Ҳ벻񡭡
龹ͬ, дݣλõתõ¡
߶ǾȣЦ˵Ҫȥү, ȴѼϼܲò, ǲ, ǻһֱĻӣ֪˭Ҳܵ׹, Ļڼﲢ, ˵ͨͨӵݰ, ҲѰոǵģοǸ֮ӡ
Ӧˬ죬Ϊ˿, ֮ױô°, ҲǻȴǸཻ֮ˣֲûݼһƬİ, Ĩ۽, ɳ֮ҲµòݼӦǵ˼үֻǵĽá
˻, ʢͬһ, ϵЦҲס, ܣһҲ˳֮׵룬Ϧ˳С
ǰ, ¹ùõ֮׺᷿ڣ֮ϣŴӴ齱óһѣŵ˳֮׵С
Ц˵֮ף⼸Ϊѣÿ궼һǰǳߴСˣƽɻ
֮׾ȵЩ˵һƯȹֻͨƽʽ߽ϳˣһɫȹϸĻֺ꣬ÿ
һңÿ궼ӦѲǣֻù۾ֻƾָĲãûЩϡĲϣžеȹһռ㣬ԽѸ㣬һԲźãﲻùġ
¹ùõĻ֮ижЩѣۿЩʪЦŵͷ㴩ϡ
֮ϵ£ɫƽȹȹڴƯ廨˽οɰᱡɴʵƽһ֮ɫȹǡô£üá
ͭµԼԴײڣ֮ױûһһߵΪԼ¡
عſ˫۱ס֮ݵϵ¹ùãлл㡣
Цĺ󱳣̾˾ɵѾͷ

ʱɫѰ˰ݱ¹ù󣬱ҪǰȥӱߵĻ
һɲźɫŵɫ黨ȹĳ֮ף񶼱ĲͬѰˣǻϲϵĲϣһԵĸﶼ޵ÿݼ˵
߻δĳ֮ףЩæ۲ٿ
΢΢˸ָ糣
Щ֮׶δע⵽˿˿ûн˼ԼϣһĶ˼ôܸݺݼᣬΪǣŴһס
ΪμҪȥӱ߻ʵΪѱԪؽа˹Ӽѧǰȥⳡʣֽһεĳ棬˲ļȥ
·϶ɢģҳַֽǷĿװκС̯вߺͻңʰӦӲϾ
һ·˵˼Ϧĵʣţɻ֯ŮľŶΣºͣó֮׶ЩĿ˿һֱδݺݼˣתһ£ȥӱ߷Żȥϣ˵˼֮£д뻨ڱɳ棬һΣ
ݼʱ۾һƵƵͷ
˱ȥѡƣЩƺܶ඼ǳ˫ɶԵģеĵϻԧţ֯ŮȵŻᣬɻʽ
֮׹һֻ֦ĻƵݸݣֽһԧķŵݼУݼϲУδκݸǲעЩˡ
֮Լ˸ͨĺɻƣȴݰ֦ĻƷ£Ҳһͳ֮һģһġ
òע⣬֮׶װίС˵ǲϲΪѡյ𣿡
ЦҡͷϲҸϲ֮ͬġ
֮΢㶣ǲаôݼϲ
ݲ⣬֮һֻɷµĽ˵֪⡭ݼ㣡
͸ž֮ɫ֮ɫ棬֣صͷļ˵еԧ컨ƣǺ֦һԣ²˵ݼĸ顣
ݻȻ˿⼸յƣֱԵҲϲΪҪ˼ĸ飿
֮ף
ڲϲԺϲѽ
֮Ϊ޶۸еͷۣæ˵⻰򲻿ɵݼ˵
˵꣬ͼתݼ˵ԧ컨֦һԣݼæеԧ컨ƣתͷ˸ʽģݻعԳ֮˵֮ףˣңֻǲ֪⻨ǳɶʽ
֮ף
һֻݼԼһӻƣʣ˶õͨĺɻơ
̯λбīֽ⣬ݼȥд͵͵˻ڣЦݣ֮һ̾Ҳܲµֽдʲô
˶дúӱߣ˴ٵĵطϵĽϷˮУ˳ˮƮԶ
֮ϣһյյųλɫ⣬ǵ˼ȻƮԶ밶ߵﲻʤĻнǻϲ֮ɫµ롣
ĸдڻеֽϣԼԸ
ߣһƾٺȢİŮӡ
ݼӹͨͶ
֮ףպһƴ˵ͨգƽ
ݣʵ֮롣
Ը£Ͷš
ϧʱļ˭Ҳ벻ѹδ飬ĸԸһʵ֣һྶͥǺˡ
ҹĻֵϵ˶֮࣬˲̤ǰͣĻһƬƽʮ輧ַ裬˽ʱѺȵλӵұշתڼŹŮ֮䣬ʱ˫һ
֮ױһ۵Ľ䣬ɨۿ˴˴ϯڣĿɲֹǹӼѧˣ˲پеӵܣ͸ۡϵŮ
ʶãˣһ۱㿴ˣ˻֦չӯרְƨ߽ܣڹŮȦ˵ЦŮա
գǳ֮׵ˣ޸һʿç򣬱˺ӯƵĲ෿Ůȴû뵽󶥰ϵǳ֮ףպͲ෿ֱӽֽ˻Σʱĳ֮ȴ·ȴޡ
뵽ЩõĻ䣬֮ĬĬԻԼȶ󣬲ŷһĨεĶϣȥ̰֪ã֮תͷսͷ˿ԼյѣˣƽմŹۣδ뵽ֻǻһȹ˱˵Ŀ⡣
ʱϯ룬ǴͻȻ˵Щź˵ūҲڴ֮ڣȥ
һ˵ԭ̺Ӻ͹ūŹŮѾ㼱æ˳ȥӺͶŮҲȥˡ
֮ף֮޷ֳ֪ʲô磬ֻܸһĵȻ͸һ˴ڣͬһūվ˼װϺ
źӱߵ磬ܾ֮ЩԾͷʸǰй£
Сȶˣ˵ʲôǳе£Żϻйֵʱ򡣡
֮ױ½ģû棬ʲôҲܰæչһݣҽҪģ֪ЩҪֵļʱ
ԼĪһʱң֮븣ĿźӾʱڳһˣ˶̧ۿȥӯ
һ̵ľˮЦӯӯԪãλƣû̺֮ˣұ˹ڴ
˵ΪһƵݸūǡ
Щƽ̺̺˵ģйй˸Լ˾ˮʱ϶ϻ̳Ͽ֣һСĽ£ϸм㡣
긣֮ʱӯѾû˾յѽһЦһȥȡһưɡ
֮׿һȻ֪ӯ˷ĿģĿȻԼ
֮ϴЦӦ£ҪӯҪʲô
ӯ˽˻ڣӯȴûдȥϯϣתһ˵ӣǡһˮӯԵһھյڣЦŵݸ֮׵ڴ˺£᲻ɣ
֮׽ӹյ̧𵽱Ǽţ˵ȴǺþơ
ֻϣǶʲôҪȹ֪ˡ
ӯΪҪ˳ƺ£û뵽֮һϸɫķĩƮڿУҩ۱ӯ޷ľ£ͫ׷Ŵ˲ǰϣߺ޾ָ̧֣ų֮ףȴ˵Ҳ룬Ƭ̺ӯ㲻ʡµĵͷϡ
㣬˯һʱ䡣
ֵ֮ͷ˿Ʊˮ峺ɫζ˾⣬һ˿޵ζΪζŨڸ˲٣̫ҽһֱó֮ϰʶҩУտ±Ҫˡ
֮סӯ򢣬ˮȫĿУʶºת뿪ڡ
Ȼ֪µʲôҩǱҩա


36 .  ͵   ȻһƬ컷ҷϵϡ
ϵƻͨ, ƮЦϣʱûҪɢͣЪ, Ҫҹļơ
غڻװϵūǶʼ˯, ڴϱ˯, ҲʼС׵״̬ڼݳѰһγ֮, ǰ볡, ֮ȴǿ˯ؾˣʵںǱﵽ׷ʲô
ڴϺҹ, ʱɫ֮û
ڼװ˯, ֮ƣٵ, ֣һҹȥˣȻʲôҲûУЩǾﵽûп֮
֮, ںȻһо, װϵūǷ׷׾ѣ˶żȥͬڵĹ, ҲһоĻ, ǰȥ̽˺¡
֮븣ﵽʱ, վڵϣָڵˣߺ𾪡
˷׷̽ͷ, ӯų֮Ǽ䣬ʱȻһƬ컷ҷϵϽɢذŻ˯ˣǶ˳-壬ۿȥǰ׻⣬һ𣬼ֱۻѵ
ʱӺ͹Ҳϵˣվ֮ԣ²ſڵľ󣬶歿ҵĻ棬ʱתͷ¡
һվ˳üתͷһԵū˵ȥǶ˻ѣ˭˵ڴ˲֪߳ܵ͵£컯֮¿ɻ
ūǰĲڵ֮ˣĲѣɴཫ˰˹һⲻҪԭȫչ¶˳
ӵӾԪΡ
俼״𾪲ѣ˲æǰҡҡεӣ֣ѡ
Ŵӳ˯תѣͬʱеŮҲһ˹εĻ̧ͷã˫ۡ
㣡
ٶ𾪳ʱλĲˣŮӯ
ӯѣδŴƣǰ̹ȫУʱһһԵڵѪɫȫޣӽ鲻վΪ֪滹иط̫ԡ
ʱҲ˹ͷʹѣһԵҵϣ̧ĨſԼ˯һ޵˭ɫʱô⣿
һ仰ӯ֪ԼҲϴˣǻҪϸү
μתͷһ⾹Ȼ˶ΧۣϸϽӣһƬŭʲô
˸æɢˣȳڣĵĽŹϡ
²㲻֮˭͵鰮ľԪأ˶˳ȥɸÿĻǶˣΧ˸ס
֮Ҳ֪֮Ǵҩ
ӯôеȥѰδͨһ뽫ݺڴˣû֮ᱻһƻүһ˫һССĹŮԣνɱ֮ʱҪȫѡ
ӯգôҲ֪֮׶Ϥ̶ȣѾһ֪ǵаĲ˼
һվֳһ֮£ع㴫ˣĺݺѵһΣȴĽ¶ƵӯϣºҲȷʵ˲Ƿڵľˮﺬдҩ֪ĹǺӯ˼һ޸Σ˲ظ˵֮ŮôϻãӯĻ˺٣ûĻᡣ
һʷνһƬ֣Ѿգ۾޵ĺס
³ظɫڣϿӯһݺݵ¿ָⲻТŮ֪潫´˺ڳе㶪ˣǲ֪ܣ¼
ֿⷬʼᣬ˵ҲܹӯԪɫ⣬ӯס
һഹնûע⵽㱻үˣǵüƴֹԪǡ
˻û˵ȴ˲̧ͷǺĶյС˻˵㺦ӯɨأȥǼӣº˻֪ᱻΧָ㣿
䣬ˡ顱һӣĻ£ָ˵㻹ģǾˮ˴ҩǺµĴҩôڳ˱´ҩɣ
һ仰ӯ͵˫˲͵վĿǸŮǸ֮ˣҺҩľˮ
ŵô˻ձЦһŽжϣһжˣھд㱻ô˿ӣ׿ԣûٻһ֮ʣӽ´ûֲĵŮҲûֻĨڵĵŮ
԰գ˦ȥ˵Ͽ޳ˣӯǿ޵ǰδеĻУ߸ϵĵŮôɨسš
·͵ĸ죬Ǻ²Ż´ǧѱоаղ෹̸һǿš
ǿ֪ԪŮ͵һ£ֶŮǴϵŮ˵²壬ڵϾǸˡ
˵ŮһԷŵүԪҩű˯ˡ
ҿǺ˵ʷǺεݣŮԪպҲ빴һ˵űǶ˾ƹѲͷһȥˣƫɵڶձײͱ˸¨ӡ
ŮպǲˣŴ»ðɣ˵ǻѰ˼ҶýȢա
ɲ˵նǸطأһһҹĵķԲȥ
˵˽ıŮֱɨسţҲ֪Ǽ٣

ִӦоУӯҲȷʵһ֮¶Ͼ˸Ůϵ˲ԼŮܿ࣬һֱûʼסԼԺš
ӯཫ֮ȫгǴҩθģ˵ܰѳ֮ƭȥȴҩһҹ֮飬ȻȻӦ£ҩȴû뵽֮ʱʱԼ͵ʴףԼ˽ȥ·չ㲻صľ档
˵֪࣬һûнʳвɫߣмͻϵĳ谮ʲôǳŮǸӣϻ񲻹һССĹŮҲҸҵıӯഺҩĺ˽ȥպ죡

Էڡ
֮ײ֪ѾɹһƽȴܲסһŰԵģֵ˵ӯ̫һЩԷ־ˮūǺȣʱŮӾпˣǺģ˭뵽̶һҹ˾Ц
תʵ֮׹һˮԴ˴ȡĪʱ˶Ԫ𣿡
֮Цһ£֪
ò׹ôһӣȻٶ֪ԣæͷ
֮ʵ˵ǱҩľƣԭӯҪ˸ҺȵģųǾˮұʹСƣˣδ뵽һҹ˶¡
˳֮׵Ļ𾪵ĵɴ˫ۣԭһûҲ˹
Ϊζ´ҩ
ü֮ױ㽫ԼĲ²˵˳ݸϾˡ
ֻ֮ЦŽ͵ױʶʼղͣҪһա
֮˵赭дɸȴͷڲԵ˼ûˣҿӵɫ
ɥ˵˵ɵ㻹˲أ㱻ҩձ㲻һЦˣǿûѽ㶼˺ݵĶ𣿡
֮ϹЦްôޣɺ޵ľˣΪ嵭ˣһֶΡ
ԽǺޣӦԽţֳԾͷ㿴¾ͳһͷ˲ǣ


37 .     ˫ɴš
ӯһ²Źȥû, ʹݼصϢҴϢһ´˽֪ةฮŮԴһϢ
֪µĳ֮׺ǵ, ڹӼߺ, в֪, ⲻʵϢةԷųȥģΪıݼװ
֮㲻, ʵΪװ
̾˵Ϊ˶ʥּ
֮׻û, ȻڶŻϻһͻʥּˣԭǼݼ޸Ԫ, ˭뵽֮¶õ٣ةȴҪء
ةȷʵһͨ͸֮ˣԪ󱾾йͼ, ݼ, ൱ةฮҪƫ̻ԪƱػɳȨбҪƽֻ⳯ةʵȨ, Ϊʢ˥, 
֮ݼҲԸ޸Ԫةɴװһ£ڴͻʥּδ, ͽϢɢȥ
Ϣ, Ͳݼ粡, ¸ǲԸˣةฮŮݣôҲῼŻ, ´ݼԴ𣬼˻˵˼ԼıʶȢһɥǣһûż㲡ˣͽ
Ż»ûгɣּͻ˾ߴ˵ĵŮԪձҪٰ¡
һߣ֮׶Դһ㲻棬һݼǼ޸ݣһֽӴݼ˼ĺãϣܿݵŵ㣬ܾܹͨĸԸļ޸ݡ
ȣӦýıǲмĸ֮顣
쳣֮дһţߴݼеݴ±ݼ̽һ̽˼˶ѵ˳ɼ֮ʣϲӦηةฮȨײǣηηǸαӣҲֵةŮϲ֮ˡ
ݼڸй뷿ڣ˳֮׵ţƲסһȣһû뵽֮׽һ֮Ե³ϲ֮ˣó֮˵Ĳж̹־òηةฮ֮ƣ̹˼Ŷԡ
߼ݼնƲ֣źȻϲԽģ֮׹ἰ˺㻶ģ
ݼߺתߣǹԣܸ֪硣
ԭء
ôҲ벻֮ţԼĵȥ顣
±㷢պճ뼸еĹӸةฮͣڼ͵ȥ˺ԺլķǽݼԺǽͷ
Ժｽˮ̻ݼЦŴкݼá
ݼӱع̧ͷȻſǽͷ϶ЦݼæͷҿֻһӹӺá
֪ݼݼãҽһѯ㡣
ݼٶ̧ͷմһ˿ΣǺ£
Ůҵ£һǲ⣬һﲻϲ֬ˮۺͽΣǻϲʲô
һɻݼźҲϸϸһȻĵĽǹÿʲôϲʲô˰Ů죬˰̻ͬ
һ˵ǲˣϻСһ䣺ĪǮ
ݼδ壬Ҳ֪ΪΣֻŽˣϻš
׺󣬱˵лл㰡ݼã»óԵġ
˵Ҫߣݼ̧ͷסǽͷɫ֧֧ͨ
˼֮ݺݼǹСһգ˵ӹӣ㣡
һ仰ֱӽŵûȣһǽͷݺݵˤһĽų졣
ҲΪһ仰ʮδ̤ةฮ벽Լ߱Ǹ⣬̫ûзִݼ⣬½ҲĲᣬ֪ԼύЩкѣǽԺԼã֮Ҳٲةฮ͡
ݼŴ£Ĳˡ
Լһǻ˼˿գеıףڹﲻ֪Լһ˼ݼڹ뷿͵͵˼գеĽҲǽ⿪ˣֻǿӣ䣬ַ˾ɼĿʹԴ˺üգɽ˺ߺһۡ
¹ĳ֮ײ֪֪ݼŴĲһ˵ʲôҲôˡ
ݼ΢һЩ󣬸֮׵Ļбл⣬Ҳ¶Լȥڵɵ˼˱˵˼պҪúûһ֮ס
еСݼһ㣬֮ǻǰ߳עûнĵ
޹ؽҪһЩݸݿЦŸ˵ݼֵһƯ¿쿴
ݽӹֽɨۺͷӦϰá
֮պֽеϧ˵ϧװЩʱ˹ӼѧżղЩˣ¾أ
Цһ£Щʱձɼˡ
˿ӻ磬֮ױ֪ѧˣرء
Ÿ᲻ڵڵĹ򣬳֮׹սߣϸϸĶʵݣ治ݼܺ𣿡
һ˲ԴӸڵ̺򣬳֮ױһֱ£ʱǰֱˡ
ݼܺáĻشƷΪϼѡ
֮ЦǶһ˿øУ
εҡҡͷʵʵ˵δ
֮׸ЦִȻЩɻ󣬾һôߵһġ
ݼƲˣæĿڵһ˿øУ
֮ǰ򢣬ס͵ûбûУһǧ𣬲ùҵ׺˵
ŴָЦͷ

ʱڡ
ҹʱҹɫŨأҹѾ߶Ӵ
ںȻһɫӰӣһ󼲷ҹѾһ˲Ժİ˫ۣ۾ܲ˺˯ˡ
ǵӰѸٵǱԺ˵ԺУһɫ棬ƫһȴ㷭롣
ʱƫڵĴϣӯ˯ţ˿δ˽롣
ֱĿڱǱסŴ˯оѣ˫ۺ󷢾ԼֽűһҲһ޲ĴӺ﷢ͷҪǰκʱκ
ӯĿͳһذףõݺûȵϥѴ˳ϥֱϥǶˣϥǹǹᴩ飡
ʹӯ˻ȴȫں
һȵϥǹǺӯ˲䱻˹ȥ˫ϥǴŷѪȾۣӯҲ벻Լۡڱк
ʱʱ˲Ŵƫڷȴϸո̤˵Ժ䣬ײһӣڷ޵߽ܣδ˯ѵ꾹Եɵɵƫ˷ܵԺǰ
ӭ濴Ǻ˺߽˲˹ɴ˫۱ҪУۼֿǰסԷڱǡ
߽ܾη壬һЩҪץ˵ı۰ȴץ˺Ĳ
˺˵ò߽ܶʱ˷Ķ쳣𾪵ѿڵġ
δ䣬˫ɴš߽ܵĲ
˵Ŀ


38 .     նڵ˴Ǽ
, 
ƫھгֱε˴ԡ
С˺Ѿæݲ̽о׷׵, ǰ֪Ǻá
ʱӯڴȻת, ˫ۺ㿴˵ڵϲʡµ, ӯҪȴȻܲԼ֫, ͷһ, ͫʱŤ̯ڴ, һоʵĶξ
ӯǰһƬڣиһƬհףҽʵ
һ̧ͷ, ϵͭ, ͭںȻӳһǵѪ߰ߵףʱӯŸܵϵĴʹԼգƬ̺, ʧصľ, ٶڴ֮ϡ
һҹ֮䣬һһУǡ
ԭӯ֮ոչȥЩͷ, ֳ˾ǰǵķ̸
, ±˹, Ųϵļ۶ţڳοһڳϲʹ, Ϊָ
۱Ըϲ£ɲȥ޹ǳԺ˼ȥ참֮˱㻹Ǿôиڶ£Ļ̻̣ԺＸ̫׷׷ϴԼйأǶԷ´˺֣ȫ䱸мӡ
һҹ֮·ʮ꣬ҲԲڴʱŮյչˣʱʱȥһӯǱӯȥ
֮ӶĴۡĺ
ûգֵĳ֮ױ˵飬𾪲ѣһɴδȻ¡
ǷҲӦֲŶԣڹڣһһĸݣֻɻ֮ʣ֮ױɹ˰ļˣһһ˭뵽ȲֵӯԼҩ֮ף˶λӣʱ˲ã£С¡
֮ЩΪɣеˡ
ºϸϸһôҲô˵ͨ
رҪаԵģڹӼһݣһ븣С߶֪ֵ˺ˣ³ڳԲǻ֮ˣο´˺֡紫˵ǸլԺڶŵģǼ˸жΡ
⻰Щĵͷָ
֮װеĸҶӣһ£ֵĪĸʿɹٸûҲ˵ͨ
ͷ͵ĸװһûӡ
֮׸첲㵹˵ѽ
̧ͷϱŤĲ֪ǿЦ죺֮׹ͱˣҲ֪
࣬ĸ˵·ҹδ޵ڣڶһĵЬ״࣬ǽϵĶ̽Ҳһ磬׵ĺɫڴȾŰߵѪŰձ֮£װ֪ĻţǿȴԼյŶ̽ɢɢɱҰζԡ
ճ֮Ҳûףܹ˵Ǻ¡
ֻҲ֮˵˱

ºĩ߽սʱȶر߳ǣСһ˱лؾо±ɵִﾩǡ
죬ͼͬ˲ٺô
лıʹ˵ԸԭԪãǰ֮ʾֺá
в֮СԸȻаǣҲ˼ı߽ս£ͻԳ˴Ԫĵͱ
ε񣬻һر֮ˡıһˣ
˽𷢱ۣƤ𪣬ۿ䣬ͷСͦȵˣ֮ǰɴŮŽȻͬУǱЩŮҪƯٱ֮
۶ʱԽ˵ˣ֮һʱ֮伧ʹͣʧ˳衣
ԭΪҪǰǰһȴû뵽ʶ壬û֣˵˲ٺôչ˵΢۶þ棬˳һ
µǶԸԷûκӰ죬ֻһʱ֮乬ūǶȥͽᵥˣֵôԶԶţֹһεľ̾˺ÿ
֮׷ּûԴףϾ󹬵ٳ裬һֱǼһ˰ŵģҲԪųɻ鲻ãԸ¶ˡ
Է㻹糣ֻһγ֮ǰȥ̫ҽԺѰ̫ҽʱ˹ŮȥıӰкһҩҴҵıˡ
ߺ󣬳֮ײŽ̫ҽԺһ۱㿴̫ҽżдҩǰ̫ҽӻͳһĶ͵͵̫ҽ
̫ҽ̧ۣЦĵģ
̫ҽʳģζͬݲ֮࣬ǰ֮ʱһЩ
Գ֮С˵ľŵģǱȵĺõĶ
̫ҽȤȻȸ㻹ãѲõ±ߣ͵͵򿪿һۣʱ۾ţȻǳλƳλƵĽӣ
̫ҽ𣬲õСѾͷΣģ
֮׺ٺЦ׬ģТ
˵ų֮׾Ͱھǿҩ̵¸̫ҽ֮ǰд뷨һֱûǮжӺдŸܲܰһҩ̣ӦˣЩʱҩ̸ھпҵ׬ĵһͰ֮ױ㶼˳Ϥ̫ҽ
̫ҽ˴º𾪣ǳֵãԭ˿ģ
֮׵ͷ̫ҽһϷұ˵̲ҩдһ޶Ҫ˵ȥ
֮Ц̫ҽ紷׬ǮҲǱ㶼ˣҲҩ̡
̫ҽֺһҿɲҪϷ̫ҽСҩ˵ȥɺͳˡ
֮ƲƲ죬̫ҽҲû˵ʲôˣĬҩ̵Ϊ
ֻ̫ҽ֪ǣŰõվ˳Ǯ˽Ⱦ֮ˣܵ˾аյİ׷
ոƼĹŮǰǹȾˣ
֮׺ţ̫ҽдҩ߷ܵˣԭҲٶС
֮Ҫʲô̫ҽӶֱˣ߿ߣṦϷдŷˣ
״֮ǣ̫ҽ˽Ҳˣͯ˳ţԽûƢ
صԷ󣬳֮ײź֪ĲԾ
նڵ˴ǼҪʲô
Щʱ鳣֮ԽԽˣֻе֪֮ģһ빬ûñ㻳ˣڶ͸һ˫̥ۺǻϲ˵ˣֻǵã˹˺ûձ㱻˺ڹǵС
ֵĴ󣬲ŭϢı󣬱Ĵֱ˵ǴԪǻıһ˭Ҳ뵽һ֮ˣı߳ǼǺ׵ıս£ֻЩǺ֮ˡ
ʱùź󣬳֮¶
ҾһǷ¡
ݲ⣺ǹ£
֮߶ȥ̫ҽԺ˱ѿһδҪã
룬ҲûʵҲ֪
ֵ֮̾³ˣҲδǺΪϳ鶼޹֡
룬ϳֿҲ֪

վһԾĬĸЩԭˤӣ֪ΪԼпࡣ


39 .  ᱡ   ҪǶ˼֣ذ׿ɾ͡
ʱ, ؾˡ
շ׷ӭӣżͼСǴ˴սµĴ󹦳쾡ֻܼǴ˱ʱؾ, ܵ˰ǵӵ, ͬЩʿ, ܵǰδе硣
빬, ˷ʹ, ǳ˵Լֶڸţݺ劼ǰ㡣
ȥ˺, ֻǵͷʳȫ̾ˣ֮׺͸Զһĵͷվš
ڼ䳣̧֮͵˼, ȷʵȼǰǳӭҪ׳, ɹĺ飬һԽǷǿˣͬһ֮ԵС, 仯֮, Ƿͬһˡ
Ļؾó֪֮һҲصˣǾһ޵ʿç, ķ, ë
ë֮սؾ˱, ֻ˵Ĳأװģʱ˷, ˻ЩʹͣȻ˾֪ôĴʷ򸮣ͬŮյ֣˽ԶĻ¡
ٺմһ¡
֪֮ëκιϸ𣬻ɢ룬תۿһˡ
һŵ劼幫մԺڲô¶棬δ
Դǰˮ󣬱㲻Ը޵ˡ̫ڽѧʱʮջһտȥӼ̫࣬δȥ
֮ϣ⣬劼ĮӿҲ˸룬ʼղȼǰӳĬԡ
ϯֻżڵԸ沼ˣսϵ£ݵЩѪȵĴ̻棬ѵõɫЩŰˣʵеĵǵΣˣ
ЦЦ˵ûǼٵģ¶Ѿˣġ
Լ̾Ƕ򲻿кˣҸбŰıǣо̣ϱضǵĹ裬ͼǵʱʱƽ
ϴЦͷǡ
ζȥ磬δؾҪչŲǡ
Ǽ˵ҲھжμЩ룬ٺһЦǲ˵ĸ⻰˵ģƶп棬ĸţ֤ЩӵܶҪϸŰͽھһ£ĸɷ׼劼ͬһ𣿡
ŮԴ劼ӹǲú󣬸ǲϲˡ
ƳһС劼дһ˿ᷳҪȥȥ
劼صĻһлĸһԵεǸ˵ĲС
Թˣķɨһ£һֱͷδ˵Цӯӯľȵѽ˵ûĻʶˣʶĪ£Ϲս빬ڽ֮ȷͬѪȳ治Ӧġ
˵תʵĸڹʣǼͨѾ߻ʶſɻ̹ˣĸĸٸѰƯѾߣС¿Żʶ
ԱЦһԴӳ˻ҲΪμƵƵͨѾߣΪűԷ£û뵽ǸҰٸͨѾ߶߲ܡ
ݺЦ˵չĺܺãĸġ
ʵЦף㲻ٿ⺩ɵӣݶ޶۴ѷ½ģ˰˳űǣҲֵܹչмӵĸϡ
һٷݱԷ
㿪ʼֹ幫ǲңͬһȴǰңڣڸﶼΨΨŵŵ
֮׸һױָ˲ˮϣ˵㵹ˣܹǹģٲϲ˲ǡ
ȴɴ۵ô˵ʲô幫ʲôնͬûա
֮Цһݺ˲ˮϸĵĵݸһܽظ⡣
ڹţֻ˽⹬֮£һ㹬յļҳ֪Ī˵幫ԴöϳˣǼϲڹҲԺߣΪ߹󣬷ͬˣймԪҰũһĸŮŮڶ磬ÿܹһٷֲ򣬱¡
⻰øĿɿڴɾǵЩСǣҲδĸķеӣԼĵŮ
ݳһܽظ⣬˵ǲȱǮѰȴԣ
һͷˮ֮ݾ֣Цµ˼ǣЩƽûôෳգУӱ㶼ˣܷǶִԼĶŮأѰղͬƶ϶û¶٣սҲʱܵԹ㶼й˶ŮϣŮŮӱҪˡ
һҺū빬ˣԭ澹Ҳôն񡣡
֮&ݣ

ʱ˯󣬳֮øţԼǳԷ
ǰЩյţ˵һЩҩ̵飬¿ҩ̣ھûصʼ벻ҽȥãǰЩպòҵһæдļһͬݵ˹֮׺̫ҽĿ
֮׿ţ࿴˷ӡ
̾ԼηӲ׵ȥ̫ҽˣһ֡
ˣ֮ױԼܹÿǰȥһգùҽķҽξеѰգǱⲻ֪Ҫ࣬Լҽܹọ̃츣˾ǰա
ЩʱææµµڹرΪı͵͵ѰЩٷ̫࣬¸ǣ岻ʱȥЩô
ΪЩ̫ΨһʸճˣЩͰе֮Ҫȥ㵹ڻʳķ
һ֮Ϊ˴»ˮЩٷ̫һǮۿϼ޻ڴ̵ı˭࣬װȴ˶ᣬڳ֮׽Ӷ첻õʱ򣬽ϵͨˡ
̫һӺŵ˳֮ףÿµĩڹͰһա
仰֮ŵڷˣȻۣʱû׻
ʱԷ֮Ϣݣ˵ü۶Цˡ
֪󣬿ų֮޵ЦжһƬЦ˵֮׵ˣڹԽ켣ĿҽҲ¯࣬ھǿһҩ̣Ůӱա
ȻôĿޣ֮ЩˣЦĿΪеµĽӣǮʹĥȻڹ¸ôˣÿһճʱ䣬ұҲɳȥ̽¹ùˣùðȲ裬ʱһЩȥ
ݵͷų֮׵۾ﶼЩŹ⡣
֮ԼվӣʵΪ㿴ң
ЦΪÿ
֮˲ºʱҲѧЩ컬ĻˣͬԺǼͨѾѧİɣ
æҡͷҴδ˵
֮ŷģϻ˻һЩҪԼ˵
Цŵͷ
֮ײ֪ǣ仰һߣǸ֮ˣݱ㳣ڴ˵黰ʱǳԼݵĽ̵
ʮĩ֮׸Źٷ̫˳ĳ˹
ȥ˾бԺ¹ùú񣬴ʱȥ˳ֵá
֮׵ʱСŹǷҩ滹һ̫еǸؽƸˣһʻ̵ţϻһ֡
֮׽ȥСæЦӭץҩǿ
֮ſڱǣ
˵仰жûתӻַܵæ
֮üæʲô
оûôûģתҪ֣һ֮޵ݣʱЦӭĸ˿ڣææϷ˵˵кδʣ
֮£ֱҪץ״ֱ֮ӻһСɵذףλεĲϣ˵һ죬ľذպõסҪ֣ŵ
ҪǶ˼֣ذ׿ɾҪˡ
ŭɽңƿڴ
ʱ˨ĸ˽һϻһЦʺá
û˷ͬڲ࣬ϰԸģλˡ
ˣʱΪ֮ˣǰϰ˭ϰֻ˵ǹģ˴󾪣֪ܲ˭𣬱صĻӵµ˰
£ĸպã˸֪ļҵĹ£ƣˣµģǿǱлӺةˣڴ˷
Դǣ뷽ŵྶͥʱһΪޣ˵ĺɷ£˽ʵˣҪƱƭˡ
һǾµذףʱˣԳ飬ǵ˻ӣϵھĻȥ
ʮðźǶҩ
֮üָһ˵һ٣ȥ󵫷ϵ̣ڣ£ǡ
ʱŷβԣΪʱ
¸СһɫСǰϴקŪ˳ȥǹ̨ǰҩС˯ûˣһһͶ뵽С
֮ſ˳࣬ԸЦ˵ͷ£õ˲ҩ±ɻˣ
Ӧ£鶼ٺúС⣬Ųź
в⣬ݿžƯּΪ׺ͣЦȴƽղЦϰ廹£ѵĴ


40 .  劼   ûҵĲ֢£
һ, ֮ǰ˶ɴڹľйڶ࣬Ǳ˷͵͵˻ʹ, ĸԼɱ֮
Ҳܵ, 㽫Щ, һ䣬Щﴩú, ֮׵ζƲ
俪ڳֵĵش, Բĺ˵, ҲǴ˸㣬˳תһתмŷӹץҩġ
˴, һ
֮Ҳļ, Ȼʰ̨ϵҩᣬһһű࣬ڷ롣
ٽƻʱ, ׼ع, ſȴ˼Ϥ
ԪΡС幫劼Ų, ´һá
֮׸æ, ϰԵ, ҺδϵĶң⼸ľﶼеð
˵ҲŪ, óԺɫ˸ľģӵ֪ʱϲѧҽˣûãɥ־
˵꣬ЦԼģˡ
ЦҲԣɵӣƭӻð˼Ǯ޲͡
劼ĬĬĸһԣĬ
ſڵС˴ŷǸһ۱϶˶ǾͷæЦֵ˶λץҩǿ
ԣ澪ȵСҩ̻ܿ
СЦǺǵļܣոպǶҵڣÿĩһտλɸ
Сһ죬ˣ֪֮Ǽҵģ¶ûϰ壬ΪǶңҽճ֮״磬һͰǲ׵иȥˣбȻҽ
֮ںҭϣ⼸˸Ͻߡ
£˵С
Сߵߵİ˺аԼץס˴׵ķ˵ϰһˣܶǮ
ĳ֮һ˽ˣæá
һǸ俴ݺΣһͷں㷢ܿŮġ
⶷Ҹժˣű㷳
һϣΪ͡
֮׳ǸСŮˮȥòһᾪ˼λˣ¡
˵Ҫȡ¶ɴ˸Ͻüֻӻֵǻժʲôժˣ¶һһ³
ǣʹλҪ
֮ȣѯʡ
һ£תЦֺõ劼Ȼһ˵Ƿԡ
劼̧һ¹ò͸ĳ֮ףͷͬˣǰ˳֮׶档
վ劼һ㣬ɷĶԳ֮вǿ˵ԣұΪץҩǺ˵˵ұ㽫ˣھǶ첻ȥʲôĻةฮڱⶼʹССпɸҵˡ
֮ĶˮʪˣͷӦ¡
ʵ劼Ĳ֢ģȥ̫ҽԺѰ̫ҽʱ̫ҽ̸劼Ĳӡ̣ʱ̫ҽǾһ֣Ѱˮ󵽵ʲôԭܽĸˣǺˮ࣬纮ҲȬˣһֱã̫ҽǱֻܰŵ̲ҩҽΡ
˵ף̫ҽԺ̫ҽҲ֪Ǻ£ͳһھˮĸ
ʱ̫ҽź˵û׼װġ
Գ֮Ҳеûף˵׼˵׼劼һ仰
ɻҽ̬֮óһɾ˿Ĵ劼󴦣Ȼִϵ
ڶʱһƬطš
劼ˣ΢飬Ӽ治ǽ֦ҶĹеģ˵װǱزܣ޷ƭˣɵ£
劼֢״ݼȫȻͬݼ̥ĲķһֱҪҩš劼飬ûмǲģҲֲ̫ҽд̲ҩ
һ󣬳֮ջ֡
˼˵λǳƢθӦãƽնһЩ̲֮ɡ
˵ѸٵдһŷӣݸվŵΡ
ùҩһ˿ȡ
ʵǶԵģ
劼ҩˣΪ劼ӵˣʲô̲֮ٽӶ
ͦȣȷʵһ£ҩдһҰУЩ
ʱŵ劼̧ۿ֮׵ûҵĲ֢£
劼޲ӣó֮һ˿˿ţ̫ҽǶﲻΪʲôԼˮ׼ܶ϶
֮׸ɴӲͷƤס˵ǹĽ¡
һ仰劼оһ˲ָֻƽվȹ̧ͷ˵磬ץҩ߰ɣҶˡ
۾һ劼ٱ¶Լ뷨-վȻ˵ˡ
æҩӸСץҩƲһӣϽ劼ƨƨߵʵ劼ʲôȥǵһ¥
˳ãںתͷ࿴˼۳֮ףܾŮӵʶƬûҲˡ
СǶӣ۾Ц˻ĸ֮˵ҽ·һֱһӣֻҪڣ𣡡
֮״ʱûһϣ󱳶ʪһƬ
֪ոһ仰죬û쵽֪幫ûΪˣ¡
⸵¸ˣһͿСų֮һٴ
һƾСĺϣʲôң˼ݣǳķԸϰģϰģ𣿡
СԴЩͷȻϰ廹
æǸ飬˵˻
֮׻عЦҡҡͷС޷ûôأ͸ģĲ
СϲЦտ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ

ͬգԷҲǲڡ
ﱾڵ˯Ҳ˯Ƭ̣һѲڴ֮ϣҵˣǽϵĶ̽Ҳûˣ˲֪ȥ
ĬĬĹ˵ţҲ֪ҲʵġͶһԺˡ
ʱݣǱΡ
ʪĵչһϮ£ࡣ
Щʱ̽˵ڵĸֵ֣ĸʱиʱ̣͵͵ڵĻҩǲŸһڣ˴ȼջӷҩ׷׵ء
չһƣڰúڲ棬̤߳
һǰһ뵽˵εڲ޽ĲȴصԱ˷ѺҲ࣬вηʬ嶼ˣʳЩõʬףζ
ԽԽֱˣſһηѺһͷɢͫ׻ɢŮӡ
Ů£㲲ѣնһƬϻ˺ۣ֪ڴʱܵ˶̷Żģ
վ⣬չվ
ģ
Ů̧ͷݵãȻ⡣
չ˵ģĵ¡
ĵ¡֣ŮӺȻ˫ֲۣѣŵҡͷͲҡҲ֪ĵġǲҪѰңҲ֪Ĳ֪
񲣬˵岻˵ͻȻһ׵ıһ߲ͻǽǰƵƵͷк壺Բ𡭻ʺԲ𡭡ʺūһذգҲвҡʺū澴ˡū֪ˡ


41 .     ·𿴵ʺЦա
ıڵʱ䡣
ѳɵ, ־壬һһֺ֣Ȼͷ, ͷĵѪҲƸܲʹ, ˵ıǡʺԲ⼸, ڵϳɳ˻ûһ, תͷݺչ, ϺȻޱȣȥ, Ҫץݡ
˺󼸲üǰŮӡ
к죬ƿڴ, 㲻úһҲʺ, ЫĳޱȣԶҲʺһһĻӳˣλȫʬ֮գ
⼸仰, Ĵ, 㶵˵ϡ
˺һᣬһ˲Ӳһ̧, ˫ʺƵ, ˮȻ, ૵ĵ¡
һĵ£չ㶼̵ıͷȥ
иӣҡ
ᣬ㶵, ־δһ㣺ǻӣСӡʺܸ̫ҽͳȥǺãĲߣ
ȡģϸʵǰε֪è̫һ£
˫棬ָ©
ǡǡն̣ȻҴδɿڡҪɱҵķͶӣвҡûа취ˣҶԲʺΡԲҵһƬġǣɱҰաҶԲʺ
˵˵ţַתǽؿͷѪӶǻ䣬ϻδɺԵˮ˫ݵ˫ٶʧȥ˽࣬ն
ս̽Ĺǽڷףתչ˵ɱ
չ𾪣£⡪
Ϊá
䣬ݱ߳˵Ρ
չִ̾תͷŷĿ첻εģ̧˹ȥ
ԸٻͷȥչҲ̤˵Ρ
ĿѪɵڱĵϣǰȻʵŵһ˲˫ۡ
·𿴵ʺЦա
Ҳڵõ˽ѡ

֮׻عǰȥһ˾бԺ
ʱ¹ùøװ˲ٶǵѣģǳ֮˵ٶ˷֣¹ùûҪá
֮׽һڻ¹ùץЦ㲻ģģù۾ʹֺʹֻǲ֪ģɻܿѣЩҹƵģһģһĵµġ
Сں꣬Ц̾ɲǣùΪѣָɳ©ˣϰȰҲ
¹ùתͷһ£졣
ۣ֮¹ùõϸȻСף¹ù۲ȫļ䣬ⷬ಻֪Ǳ˶¡
óҩ࣬¹ùһĨȣһùպ㲻ϧԼ֮׿ɾˣһĵ·㷣겻ߣҲԼɻ
⻰Сˣæ˵ǸϿõ·һա
¹ùЦҡͷ֪òܳһˣұŽԵĴĶǱôϲС
֮ҲЦÿĩ֮׶ܳһùˡ
¹ùиˣع·һҪСĽĪ˷ˡ
֮Цŵͷ
ɫڣ֮뿪˾ǱԺ˹ٷ̫˹
ջع󣬹ʹϲѶϲˡ
ΪˣʹΪ֮ףҲͷ˲ٶȥµٲԸҲȥϲżģž档
ɣ⼧ĪǸҪ
˻һ£ڳ֮֮еģʱ䣬ݳӣֻдˣǼգҲݼĴ£ֻǵ󣬱ı֮ս֪߾Ͼ˼ıһҪ֧ԮԪҲǲʵʵ飬޿ֵĵҾٱַı߳ǡ
ڣоһվ̣ԪǰȥıԾʳϴ˾٣ǸոճɻݣԪǰȥ˻ı꣬ס˱߳ǣñٲҷҲ˵һӵĻıǡ
ֻʱݼոճɻھػ꣬ºݻྴҲһԾ̫
֮³֮׶ģֻҪ󲻳İһĹ켣УҲֻڹݴѣɳӪԼСҩ̣Լ
𽥲ӣԶһ̺չ˽⻹ɢ˵ֱӽ֮׵˼˻ȵĿʵĺ㣿
ĸ˵֮׹֪㰮ԣһʱˣǻЩǶˡ
ݽϣͷ˸һ񣬸ȥŹغãֵݸ֮һ˫꣬Ц԰ɡ
֮׸ŻعȻûԶͻˣӹ꣬վžͳ
ݽӷڳ֮ʾ£˳֮׶Բ࣬Ц
֪ģ
֮׵ͷ߳Ա˵ʺŮ𣿡
΢㶣֪ˣ
֮׺ͷһǵģӦ֪¹ùõ䲻֪ţʺŮѾ
Сʱ˵ģҼǴˣͻȻ
֮׷꣬죬ݡ
䣬ҡͷȴˣ鱩¶͸¶ļ
֮鰵£µʼץŰѱֻһֱ֪ѱʲôδģݵиҲΪǸ͵ķ֪ݲ׾ӶȻù
֮ײ⣺ģ
ݵչɱġ
ڰչ㣺
չ㲻òԳ֮׵ͷʺӰ볣̫ҽй֮ԵְǱĻӵ¡˴һ£ڵ顣
֮׳չ㣬æվڰֵմ˵ҵãҲֻĵµŮˣĪ񡣡
һ£֮ײ֪ԭаģò˵ʺΪĻӿν㣬չ㿴žͷͬһˣ仰࣬ϻһɲİ̺ۣǸ֮ˣɱģʺŻˡ
һ²˽ĳ֮ףڶջдŵ˾ǱԺ¸֪¹ùá
ϾºģʺѾߣӦǸŨ
ǱԺڣС彫¹ùʱѪɫȫޣ˫һδ̤һҲ˿ûнʳ಻Сڲ࣬Լһ˹ڡ
С岢ģ͵͵ڴ¹ùðᣬܶ޺ˡ
պ󣬳֮׾յ¹ùõĻţԴӳ࣬յԺˡ
̯ż󣬳֮׾ȵķ¹ùþΪĿ飬ϣܹԭģἰ˳֮ףĵйܣǣصˣҡ
֮׷żƽһ飬֪Ӧ޷ԭĵģʲôɣͬ˾صļˡ
䣬֮׽¸ݣƽ¹ùúٻţΪ˭ʲô֮Żйܣ¹ùþԼùõ²Ҫ׷ĵļˡ
ݵͷȴȻ̧ͷĿ֮ס
֮ףԲ𡣡
֮һ㶡
ݼ˵պҶüۣΪҷ
֮ױݶЦˣҡҡͷ跸գ⣬ҵѾҺǱӻˣǶֲ
֮ЦҲЦЦ
֪⻹ԶԶĳ֮ףӦǸӿҫ۵ġ


42 .  ϲ   £ϲ֮ˣ
ʱ, ӭݺѩҲһһ
֮׵ʮھǱԺģݵķԸ, ͱһ̻, տлѤ, ǵòپǰնŹ̻, ֪ĻΪļһǧء
ʹе´, ٲǼеĵˡ
λݵ, ףȴֱ뼧ܾͬ, Ǻεȵ, Ǹ˵ģػЦ𷢱ҫҫԣͬѰ֮ڵ, һûռȥ˼еķͷ, 򾰵۵þΪĻϲ
ⳡԵĻ̻̣¼һǬԪ, Ȼ˶´, , ûƼԼ˷ͷһ㣬Եʮ֮ҪϷ˶, ĺ󹬾ơ
ԪǼ䲻ⵥˣҪȥ£һѵò劼סˡ
֮һ磬˾ۺ͵˵֮أƵЩ
󣬳֮׺ݻԷݺȻʵȥ̫ҽԺ𣿡
֮׵ͷ뵽Ӧ뷨ıϣЦҲˣд⣬ЩʱռʵΣձȥѯһ̫ҽǷںȱ
Щ̽ҪСġ
֮գգۣЦ±İա
գ֮ıȥ̫ҽԺúТһ̫ҽһʴ£ЩԾ
ûϹȡƫӲʣʱʱȡǳ£̫ҽȻкβס
֪֮Դӵ˽϶һˣ˵ĸûˣǺģ
صԷ֪£չȥˡ
ĩ֮ճٷ̫ȥ
û뵽ǣ˹ͣݼȻ͵͵Ѱˡ
֮ãСţ
ݼôȻǰӲҩ
֮׺ǹģݼȴҡҡͷ֮ףѰģЩʵ˿˵뷨ӡ
֮׸˱ˮ˵˵
ݼ¶ɫǰеӶ챻ˣӯӯ˵ҵҼӡ
俣
ǣҲޣֲ±ЩĲ֪Ǻá
֮״󾪣ɲ֪м仹йôһݼδݵ̫ۿ˻аҪ³ˡ
ɡӱĻӻҪһŵ֮ʱةΪβһĻӵأ
Գ֮׵ɻݼȴֱԵ಻޸ĻӣֻѰһϲ֮ˡ
֮ףһ̫
ݼǼоŹŮǶ֮£ĸŮӲѰԼϲ˼ˣɶڼƺ͸ĸֻܼ޸ŵ֮ˡ
֮׿һݼֲȷʵĪǡϲӹӰɣ
ݼҡͷϣЩʱգѲִԼЩɵ뷨ˣ࿴˶ӹӵִ²ˣҲʹұװڸɵͬ⣬꽥ٳӲõպѡ
ةฮŮѳ֮ǲŵģݼʮδ޳ʱû˻Ȣ
֮һ滹֧ة뷨ģݼװʵڲϲߣ𺦵ةͬװŲ޸Ԫ뼧ϹϸԪȢӦúάԼǣһ£ȥѰ칫ӣ˵һ˵ʵڲУ԰ݷةฮ
֮ⷬݼжѣų֮׵ֿ֣֮ףǵһΪҵ£ηةฮ֮ƣԸҵ͸֮ˣ۴ΣֻҪҪʲôҶȫΪ㡣
⻰ˣ֮϶Щ죬ΪݼΪݡ
ݼǰ֮СװһϺõĵΣݼţ֪ݼĲǷҩģةฮѰ˻ļĶδ꣬ŵεݼǸжá
һգ֮ÿ˼˺ľ뿪ˣȥһ¥
ø¸ةฮţھ¥Լߡ
֮˾¥ʱһ۱ƼһȻ칫ӣǰĶţ棬ĵΪ֮˲ˮΪ˼ԵĲˡ
ߵϸģ֮׺ûԹηȴʳϲö˽͸
֮ҲŤºżɽ칫ӣðԼǰʵΪݼ
߲⣺Ϊ˼ã
֮׵ͷеļ˵칫ӻȥȰȰةˣĪݼ˴æӵ¶»Լ
ʧЦЩҲͬ˵ˣ
֪֮̾Ȿةฮļ£һ˲Ӧ룬俾ݼѡĻݲӦǡ
˵ֱף΢΢ü׵ĵµ˼Ȣݼ
ĿǰûС֮ЩΣƶɻаʱ䣬ĵ±㵽Ȣ֮ʱةฮβһĵأ
ˣ˵˵ȥʵǳ֮һ˵뷨Цſ֮˵֪ĵԸ
֮һ˲㶣û
ֻһ˳һӦҲ㣬ݼݴƣ˲һȻһҲա
¥һȰⳣ֮ˡ
Ц˵ĵ¶ȻҲԼĴ㣬֮׹Ϊãȥһʵ£Ƿİ֮ˣǷҪӭȢĹݼ£һ븸̸ײݼԿ࣬ӲˣҲǿݼ޵ģةฮڣ۰֮׹赣ġ
֮ϸϸ룬ȻѸŵ㲻ٶ˵ʲô豭ɫЩߺǸ֮ԽˣӲҪƽ˵ĻݼﱾǾнŮ֮ĵ֮£ȫԵְա
¥ڶ˽˵֮ױ𣬳ҹɫδصС
Էڣ֧֮˸ڵڣú̸̸
£ϲ֮ˣ
֮˵С۾һ˲˲Ķݵգ´ÿһ顣
ݻû뵽ʵֱףƬ̣Цһͷ
֮һܾı˵ˣ
׷ʵļҹ
ͷȻ⡭ܸ֮ס
֮е㲻ͣǽоŮ˵һͨݷ׷ױʾǣ˵˼Ů֣ݻҡͷ
֮üͷʵ²ǿʷŮհɣ
ݸǼæϣͨͨǡ
֮װʵǵ˵˵ŮӳΣ
һ˫Ŀų֮ף꾡
ޣʤѩҶüˮüۼǴЦ⣬ǳǳľѣ˼ݣǰȵģ
һݣǽ˿졣
֮룬벻ĸŮܹԺĸŮݵá
ʱǽǵĸѾļ٣ûô鰮֮ϲϵġ
ҵɵĵ˵ˣ


43 .  ҩ   ֮ŵһҲҶ
Ѯ, ֮յݼţԽǸлȥѰΪ˵飬ةҲûٱӶԼ, ֮׿л˿
ֻҲǿ, Ȼݺݼ, һİ֮ˣһ޸, ˳Ȼ, һ˸棬ϲ, һЩԵ
һ£֮ôòݶ϶¶Ůӵ䡣
ֻ̾Ϣ, Լų, ҲԼСܡ
һԵĸϱ鲻ϱ任üŪۡ
֮ת⣺ʲô飿
̧ͷһ۵
ʱЦãࡣ
֮ף
ĩ֮켣
ѾԽԽ죬˿ɲ, ҽ޲, ʱȡǷãҲ츣һЩա
ʱ򵥵ù󣬳֮ױԸСȥЩ, ̶, һЩͻա
̶ǾǵĽͷС, вЩϸĵֽϻȥݡ
֮׼˲, 㴩޼дöңʣµһգȥһķ
˵λһͬУǳ֮׽ǰ¶޹Щʱյĵط֮ǰϾˣݶ©ҲѻһԣԶԶűɪѡ
֮ᳵĽڡ
С
֮׺һƾɵķ棬OO@@󼸸ͷСຢ˳ۼ߰ߣͷҲմ˻գȴЦ
˽㣬⣡
Ϊ׵Сһ˫ۣЦ
֮ǰ⼸С˲ЦŪ࣬Է𣿡
Сҡҡͷûء
֮æѻȵĻһһָǣȺĻճԵĽζ
СҲ꣬ʣ¶СС֮һ
֮ڽͷżȻǽֵСʱֻ죬ӶͳͭǮӵõͭֻСͷл۵һ¾ͻ˳֮׵ļ䡣
һȾ߱ΨһʳιˮĺӣǰΨһڲˡС
СǸӤСžǵСؤһΪϮʱлһƬغʬҪ˵ЩؤˣȥıЩˡСĻһһȾȥ޴ɶ㣬ײı˳֮׵ļլ֮ĬסºΪ˻رչȾ޷齵ĳ֮ףֱ
֮СЩֵͷСԵ͹ĳһţǶͷЦ
֮ײûҪСֻҪ¹ù˵һǱԺȻȱСһڷԡ
СԸִҪ⼸С
֮޷Ѱ⴦ʱڷ꣬ÿĩ춼һʱǰ̽
СԶעʱ򣬳֮״ӺɰóһЩ͵͵СµС
СֿĵҪ˵֮æһְֻס죬СǸģĪҪ֪ôã㶼Լţˣȳ԰ɡ
С˵ĵͷԵĸˡ
ЩСָ֮꣬ʰһϴ֣һǵͷ룬СѾͷɰ˫Ѿ٣һȺĲֺ
ʱˣ֮׶һǵ
ߺ󣬳֮׾Ȼã֪ǣߺûãǴİ߳һˣһʼնų֮ȥķ˼оǺ档
֮׻ܷ֣Ǽ档

عǰ֮һЩǰ漧ؾ˱Уһëˡ
Ӧ£ûжʡ
ع󣬳֮û뵽ԷȻˡ
ʱɫùţҲؾصڵš
ȵʱ֮ڸϴʱݵɫ̫ԣ쳣ķ죬֮׶ʱϽ̽̽ݵĶͷ̵ġ
֮Щż£в˷ȣȾ˷纮ͷȣȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽǰдŷӡ
֮׸Ҫߣæס˳ԼڣȻͨ죬ȴü˵֮ףƲǷ纮ͷȣҲڷȣЩ
֮һ㶣೶ģһ˸õĲ²⡣
ʱ⴫һѾߵڸĸ˵
﹫ū澽ȥգū澸һͽȥ
ͨѾơ
ŲýѾҪˣ͡
ƻǲʱ޵һ˴֮ɫŭĿӵĿƣƽһ
֮Ƶﶯֽţ
ЦһҲ±㷢֣Σĵղ磽⣬õ̹ū澵ְڣǵ뻽ū澽ȥ̺һգ
֮ŭգĲᣬǵһζԸЩͨѾˣʲô˵ֶζУûô󣬸ֱӸĵ´ҩģЩʱææ⣬⼸ͨѾˣΪֵַܰԷ˹ӣû뵽һ񣬱㱻˿ӡ
˵Ҫ֮׵ǰһ
۵СĵµĴղҪ˵ţ˭ȥȥˮʰմѣԷӣ
֮Ŀڴһŭȼա
ȴüԷĲɣ¶Ҫȵ¶ۣ񽫵̺ˬ¾Էˣ
⻰˵ĳ֮ЩЦǵȲǷǵĺɫ֮ͽˣҲƷϿֱ࣬ӱҪŹϡ
Ƽ״ӿǰҲǶƷҪڲɡ
ƿµΪҲ֪Լڵ̺£ǵ˼˭˲֪װ߸ϵָ˭ĵͼѾߣ㻹ΪԼʥ߹˲ɣޣ
Գ֮׷Цѹ棬Ĺ˵ȻҪԷ̵һҺΣҪСһ㶪ˡ
䣬ֽ֮ƳȥصİѵŹϣƵԻѾЩͷۣתߵԡ
֮ѸٵдһŷӣȽҩģ֪µǺδ-ҩ޷֢ҩдµķҲֻܻһʱʹ࣬ʵ-ҩͨû̫õĽҩõķӱ磽˯һȻȬ
ʱѾ˴ϣɼѱ£ֻʣһ¡
֮д귽ӺøϿȥҩ
һɾˮŻص齱ߣôʪӸݲŶͷϵĺա
֮һ߲һο£һ̣ҩܰˡ
ֻܻһ˲ȣݴŴΪί֮ףȣܡ
֮Խļϴӵٶٿ죬Ҳⲻݵʹͼ尾
ģ϶˵ĺɫҲԽĲԾͫʧȥǣɫıϣƽյżĲ˷·˼֡
֮Ϊҩ£һٵĵǣѵҩͨĴ-ҩ
˼ݺȻһֻץס֮ϸĽ
֮һعʱԼѱק֮ϣϻѹһ̵ˡ
˫Ŀͨ죬ȴҲûйԽأֻ˫۽ıų֮׵ӣ˿Ϸһ
֮ɫˢĺˡΪһԼصĹɢˣӿͷųԵĸоǰ̵ȶȡ
ڶʱ¶֮ŵһҲҶϵһǲ彫͵ذˡ
ȴȻ̹֮̾׺㡭
֮ɫһƬ֪ĻΪʵ˴-ҩ
Ȱ£յЩܣȷſ
ţ״ƹɵŲŲ˸ƣȻų֮ײ֡
δµĳ֮ףʱһ
ȵȣСϵǸһӲʯͷʲô


44 .  ѯ   Ե£˿ûϲ֮顭
, ֮ݵĴġ
͵ͷ˿Լ˿
ֵͷ˿Լֻ, ٶ
ûǴ, ݺҩ, һʱȻЧڵðỨ, ֮޷, ǿǰܾ۲ѣֻܽǲ, Լȥְ磽⣬ʱѾ˲Լ˶ٶæ˺üʱ, ֱҹݲ˯ȥ, Ҳ۵۾ͷ˯ˡ
ʱ磬֮ŵ´齣æȥ䷿, ػشϴ, ֶ˲ų
в֪Ӧθ룬Щµģ, һļ, Ǹߴͳ, ̵ĴУ룬, Ƕ˽𡭡
֮ǿԼɢԺЩɱ˼룬ȥСճЩʳ󣬶һˮ޵ǰվŶ롣
Ǻ¶δһ㣬֮Ằѻ˯ݣ֡
˫ۣų֮׵ͷװæµӣԾ㿴¶һذƯĲϸķ˿伸ڲĶذڶϸŻ֮е㣬ʩ֬죬ԴһɵĲҩζƢ
ԽԽãǰãδ
˳֮ıܻ䣬Щȴδ¶ͷɥЩί˵֮ףҲá
֮ŵеЩˣ̧ͷһ۽ǵʹɥǸµĺһ㣬ҿһۣ⼸꽥Ѻǰ¶ʱ
֮סݵ֣ҡҡ˵²ҪǸֻǳˣ鲻ԽеΪģʳҩŻǰ㲻Կء
󣬳֮Լͬ²ܹҪҲֻܹǼͨѾߡ
С̧ͷЩŵĿų֮׵Ĳ𣿡
֮ЦŵͷҲġ
¶һĨߵĺЦ
֮ϵĸ㣬Сһ㣬ݵ˵ݳģ£ɺã
üͷջŸҲû˵ûǲá
֮׼ģɣ㵱ĬˣǷ˴¡
¹ǼͨѾ߾ͱݺԷǽƫ棬ΪҩȻ˯һͿ£ʵ򲻹ǲΣҩҩ
˱Ǽ֪ͣݺݵĽ⼸޴Ѿߴ˼ʮ壬ֱӽ˴Ϻ±ˣҲû˵ʲôƯѾ߹
֮󣬳֮ԶӦݱЩ룬˶СĲҲԽԣܹԵҪӵġ
Ҳоˣ֮׺ڶιˡ
ĻӵĲи֪
ֻҪ֮û࣬ݵ轵кɫѪ˿
յսľֻ˵һ䣺ū࡭
ڼƾôװίˣ֮ʲô¶ǲĩеĻѩڴʱ֣һһľԷѿ
֮һճȥ˾ǱԺʱ䣬ĸ£ݳ֮ʣʱϸŴ»£֮ױٸˣҲΪԼ֮㡣
ȥ˱Ժʱ¹ùĵ˴£ԺطڳһӸ֮סº⣬֮˳֮ǰסڱԺڡ
¹ùȻˣ룬ĵʵЩ㣬иĵ˵
֮΢㶣ҡͷδἰʱѴ飬ұصҪġ
¹ùЦҶĵµ˽⣬뵽Щ֮ףùо仰֪ʡ
֮Цùһкο˵ãʱˡ
¹ùԱֱ׵Ե£ǺУ
⣬֮ϸһĴңǶʱ飬Ҳ֪ѣھǾȹһĶˣ˵ͬùһ㣬ҶǺҪ˰ա
䣬¹ùȴͬҡҡͷ̾ⲻҪˣҪˣӦһͬȹˣҪȥˡ
֮¶Ϊ񣬶һֱܺõıҪ֮ˡ
¹ùʵԵ£˿ûϲ֮𣿡
⻰⧲֮һԺﲻ֪ΪκȻǰЩղ׵ҹ϶ЩˣҺ¹ùÿ˿ε顣
֮æǻӣδп̫ӣݱ⣬δйʲôǷֻ룬֪֮Լ䲻ϵµģҿֻонŮͬةฮŮݼǰ㣬ʸᲢۡ
ԣһֱ롣
֪ݴãҲݺãҪ˵ҪЩĶδ̰Ĺ֮ػһֻһ·ãԵĲҲҪ
ִˡ¹ùĳ飬ȷʵأЩ飬ȴܽݿ
ùڹУ鿴ʤ˵󲻾ĻϻɹŮΪ檵ʱ򣬿й˼ݣʷйǿҪƽʱվҲĺùԣ˵Ե⣬õ³֮ʽ뷿У֮λûУɣù俴ˣ֪֮ò侩ЩС㣬ûʲô䲻ϵģõһˡ
¹ùõĻó֮жס¹ùƵƣȴЦ˵֪ùΪҺãܹϺӣ֮ײ̰ĵˣպԺʱŹùñǿˡ⼸һֱææĵԼԼ˵˸ó޵䡣
ᵽ¹ùò֪ʲôЦĺϲ£죺Ѿͷǿˡ
֮ײô֪飬ÿĩǰʱǲڵģæĲɿ档
ݳ֮˽⣬ѾӣֲھвͬȥӼҹӸ˳ҵ̺һҿãһҿ¥ûôһֱǳ֮ڴ¥һ¥ЩʱŲصæµ¥¡
֮״ǰ֪һСҩ̺֪⾭̵࣬еĸɾתæµִ˲ƣ
ڼԸ뿪ݣ֮ˣŵ˲ھǸκֻ֮л侩ʱǼҲݣ񻹲²ڳβδǰȥȴһֱĬĬע
Ӧº󣬾Ϳ˾¥ء
˵ϵ̵֣õ¹ùеһ֣ΪūΪһӣԼ϶֪ŵ֣в֪İǣΪλܸɵϰء
¹ùЩҳ֮ױȥá
õҲڿഫĶһЩ˭֪иŮճﲻҩǮҩıȱҩ̱˲٣춼ǰ
ֻǶпǳȴ׾ͱȥòһֱŶҲϼˣ˱ۡ
ЩԳ֮׵ǲ⣬ÿ±˿ץҩԼְ
ʱ֣֮Ѿ׼عδ뵽Ȼá
Ǹ£ֱӽڣ֮׻ûߣɿתͷø³ȥŴϡ
㿪żɽëϢˡ
֮׾ȣû뵽ô졣
ɫֵ˵ë³ɻ飬˵ʷĵŮӯ


45 .     ǾǿƶҪȢǡ
ӯëɻ飿
֮׵ɴ˫, ϢȷʵЩ˵ӯݾ˫ȲмҲԪĺѡ, ôҲ䲻¼޸һç֮, ж
֮üʵϢȷ𣿡
ͷȷ, һ֪£ǰ֪ˡ
֮Щ⣺ɴмǷ˺£
, мҲ, ЩԺ۳֮£ӯ䱻, ȻԺУ˱ֻ۱ֻۣԺЩС, ȡӯֺ, ˽ë˻£¾ôĶˣЩŹ󸮣統һ, ᡣ
ȷʵ, Ǿνţ֪֮
ôҲû뵽һȻ˸ת, ݺŮ, Ů, ݺ͵ŮҧһϷ
ԭܶʱ, Щն֮ˣҪԼ֣ﶷ
Ҳ֣ӿչ
֮治ɫ趢ŵ㣬һʲôдŽҡ
Ӧ¡
֮׻صУӹٷ̫һ·һ·Էķȥ
ӯݺ¼һ£伫ΪĵҲģΪжӯǼʹ޵ģ˵ԺŮǣûкϵ֮ˣǱ㣬ˡ
ʮĳ֮ףʱ䣬ϰ߱һ㣬ʲôƶ۲˵Ǽҳ㷹ƽ΢߶һЩʾõѾߣڶնᱻϳ֮ۡ켣һ˵
ʱԺ巿һģʣ¼ﱧţձڸװĵ͵ٴգӯǿ˳ֺ˵ӣϲյ鷳ӯ޸Ԫǵƣ˸Ů޻ʱëǵʿç򣬿ȴ˵Ǹĺӡ
ղžܾˣȥֶԲߣǡʱ֮ԺɨͰ˼ϡ
ĸŮһֱţֱǰһҹŶȥ񷿣ų֮˯֮ʣ˰˺ɫļ£ױݶûϺͷѺ˻ڣ֮һ˿һķã˴˼ëļլ
һ֮׿ҹ
ëԼȢ˸ݵĳ˵Ȩƣ˵ǮˡЩǮϤëȥ˾ˮʱȥ¥̻֮Ѱ֣һʱ䣬ܹӡ
ûǮĴȥ裬Ƴ񫣬ų֮ʱƿڴʲô໰˵󲻹Ϊëöˣƽһ£಻ó֮׳ţⷴڳ֮˵˺¡
ôలµ꣬ȻҲãûЩ£֮׾լҲûʲôãֻëڱǣֱӯһֽ麰ظŲòȥٳ֮׵ģһҩĺ磬ˣӴ˲
ë֪£ӵ֮ףûٿҲֻǸޣְȨƺͽǮݣһֱš
һ󣬾Ǹո¶ߵͷë̸Ǳҹ뾩ǣլӴֻʣ³֮һˡ
֮Щ£Ŀû뵽Լһѡ빬·Ⱥɿʷ켣ԼܵĲҾıӦӯϡ
֮ײһЩӿ˽ŲЩȲݷ֮¡
ʱһס
֮׹
֮סع֮һݣæС
Ǽ棬֮׵ʹͷв֪Լġ
ȴЦǰӭϼһΣɻǵã
֮׵ͷ˼һӭϹ˷࣬ū澺Ƽǲ̫ˡ
վڳȴҲûй·ˣǰ˵ճѱŵĳ֮Ů
֮һ֪Ϊ֪֮ǳŮ˲٣ȴҲ࣬˭ȥ̽һŮȻȥ̽ˡ
𻰣ϵЦޣӻͳһ壬ݵ֮˵պãٻᡣ
伧תˣ֮ԭأһϺõ֬壬ǸοԲΣмһ÷ţСɾ£Ĺʵأ֮Ҳܲµֵơ
֮׻ع̧ͷ뽫黹ȴּѴǵԶ
ʱ֮˷Ǻ⡣
׷ϣ֮ױ壬ٻתԷ
Ҳûж˵ֻǹйãʹ͵˼
Էڣų֮һţ֮׼˱ЦԺҴӹ±š
ϲˣίͬһš
֮׼״æúúã󶨲õµңһع
Ÿ˵磬߳Ա߸֮׼вˡ
֮ѾϰˣԽǲЩԽϲڵڡ
ٽݳֻʣˣݼĻ»һͷûУةฮѾôݼ࿴ˣ֮¶֪δȢ˭ûпݼ
ĵʵ£İŮӣɻһֱ磿
ݵͷһֱС
֮׺һ˵մ粽룬Ҳʱŵ£֪һֱһŮӱ磡
ΣǺõģ֮ĵǵ²Ů˵һ˵֮սݽΪպϴͻ㡣
ü˵ûиۡ
֮һûиۡǹŮһ񣿡
ݵ˵ͷǹŮǲ񡣡
ǵͷһ֮׷Բˣˡ
ǺãȢûпˣֻպΪңѡ֪ҪЩʲô۶ӳʲôˣɰͲԺ𡣡
ĻҲ꣬һֻҵޣΪ檡
֮Σĳ˼ҲҪʵʰ޼ƣһô˻檶ĸˣҾȢΪޣҲҪ˼ͻһء
ǾǿüͷҲƶҪȢŮΪһ㡣
֮һͷټ治ȰΪһʼδżδŮӡ
ǵ¼ȻȢŮӰ˻ͷұ㵱޷ĵˣʱǵȢɣҪһ˵ų֮ױޱվʰϵ꣬µĻūԽˣ£ūˡ


46 .  ҩ   ʱԼϷˣˡ
֮׸˼, ԵҲ˵ˣձϹϾ
Ϊ¶Ϊ룬Ļ¸һǰͿʼע, þһзٽݼĹϵ, ͵гһܳɻ, ˭뵽æ˰죬һղ˵, ݻ¶, ϲŮҲͬ˵ó֮׾ԼǸ, ܲ
ֻݵ»δ֮Լ鷳
Ѯ׵Ĵȥ, ֮Ϊװһ, æǰȥ
ݽڣĸ񣬼ϣҡ, ΢΢, Ц
ڳ˼ԪͼС
λףЦմĻʶǰ, Ǳ˼, , ֪ʱĻʶϵˡ
Цһ£ҡͷ˵죬ĵ²Ϥ, ĵҪһˡ
⻰Ԫ˾ΣЦǳ棬ģȻܿĵˣûˮɣ
Ҳںεĵ٩ʵֶŮһ飬Ҳ£ұӦˡ
ζⷬԴǹ豭ʮһϷ̬
¶ȣҲЩ飬»治˭ⰲţʱĺ֮ġ
ǱñƣǺ˴ͣ˱ֶķġ
ˣվĳ֮Ѿ亹ܣᵽһֲ̣õԤС
һ룬Ԥбˡ
֮׹֪ǿɻϲ
һ仰֮
ǰݣɫҲʱ
֮ڵأָⷺףЩŵɼС񰮣ū澲֪һֱҪ黹
ӣӸµ̧ͷ
֮װ̧ͷ
Цˣмɫô⻰Ըˣ
֮˵ū澲ҡ
ҿûʲôңֶ檣ĸ֣ɲ˵֡
ѹˣһ˫ԵĹŮһʱɫ˵ﳼ֮ŮܻűǸʹͣҲʣŮ͵㸮УＴɣ֡
һ仰··˶ۣɫԥȴδҿܡ
ڵϵĳ֮ףѾֽɫ
ĸòףԸ
ȻһϤ룬̧ݣЦĻʶҲ쵽Ȣ֮ʣʱĸҼΪƯѾ߷̣Σ
ݺĲУüͷһ𣬾ǲԸǶѾߣĸ˵
ûǺɵһͷ¿ʵЦһԶЦǰϡ
Ļʶ˵˵Ҫʹͣ
װ˼룬û뵽ʲôҪֲҪģ̺ҾҪ
һָų֮ףһӡ
ʱĶˣˣЩˣĻڹĺɫ
ͬڵϳ֮ףɫͨһƬ˵飬βߣȻûķʲôҲȷʵЩÿĵط
֮ҲˣʱԼϷˣˣһʣµЬ˵ʲôҲüڸУ⴫ȥʲôˣ
ȻҲûϵʱɫϽӣ˫ȭ˷Ƕˡ
ΨЦĴָߣĳƢ˰
Ѳͷֵüۺɫ˼ȡΪһŮŵģȷЦԽ⼸궼δἰԴ˷Ҳڵڵȡ֡
üͷż˵ʲô㶼ҪʣµҲŲɣ°գһ£аţ±ﶪۡ
˵ǳ
¾ô֮ҲûҪɣˡ
º󣬼ɫ˼еŮʹ͸˼ҡ
ĻǸɫ֮ͽһ£һָǴˣ⼸˼ͨѾߣˣֿһֱ̺ĹŮŵǣ˵ҪǹŮůһӴ
֮ɣٿ֮ףЩˡ
֮ǽҲͲ壬οû͡
˵ֱ̫ףݸίֱԵǲǰ˵Ҫȥ
˵֮Ҳˣοݵ֣Ȼ³㡣
֪֮ǰǵıںδδ֪Ǻ¡
Ժ󣬳֮ٲչ˸˽ʱڹΪˣһ̤ڶվͲ֪кξա
֪ǣһ£Ҳ˱Ĵ㡣
䣬볣֮ź˼һ˵֮ףзӣ滻
֮΢㶣Ҫʲô
ǿԣҲֻ滻һЩҩζܹɻء
ţǷĵҩɡ
֮׺棺Ǵʲô
Цһ£ʱ֪ˡ
ôأ֮ҲûٶʣͲʲôˣҲûҩֻǽʮȫѣָӹǸӲء
쳣֮ԼһЩҩúڻֱȥ̫ҽԺ
̫ҽԺ̫ҽˣټİһʻѾͷúøϷ˵˵ĵµôһ£
֮ɫһڣû뵽¶̫ҽԺˡ
ЦЦǴǰ㣬ϱĪЩˡ
̫ҽӵۣҲ˭㣬ѾͷҲСˣ˺֣ǻʼʸ𣿡
֮εİգҴδҪȥʸӣЩˣҲ˵档
״̫ҽŷдʣͷҾǳɵˣҲܿʼ֮ˣܲմȾ㲻մȾôڹͷĸй³ȫٻ󡣡
֮ͷӦ̫ҽ
̧ۿԣдűľǰһװõҩģʵϣôҩǸĸģ
̫ҽڰֵǸﱸŵģ֪ģҪƵ
ǹﰮζ
̫ҽҪ죬֮״ӻͳһĵģ̫ҽʱ۾Ц˻
֮׼̫ҽĿⶼˣȥֱ͵ϰõҩͨͨ滻ԼĲҩ
£ָ̫֮ҽе㲻ĵϣҲʧЧʱɣ
̫ҽһۣѧڶܸ˿ˣ˴⣬ȻʧЧʱκҩĶһܹҩЩ¼ʼСڽҽĵһ꣬ģò÷
÷÷ȥ㳭ʮ顣
֮æϴҲˣʵΪ˷зգۼ̫ҽ
Է󣬾⼸յ飬֮뿪֪࣬Լζվһߵˣʲôô֧֡
쵱֮ױᶨ˵£֪һЩ飬֮ģۿ֮ʱڼͻҲǰˣ£򲻿ɶϷ±ֱԸŮ˭Ҳ׼һֶԲߣβýȢŮӣʵڼѣҲȡλøܱ޲ԴУŹԺҪǿ˵Ҳǣ


47 .     ȴܹˡ
һа취, ó֮ġ
㶼Ȱֻ֮ܲٲ֣ô˳Ȼ
µ, ߾ٴδս, ͣ˽ս, ٶȼ𣬼˷ս־, ´ü澡쵽߾֧ԮϢ, ۼǲǧ, ̣ǰȥ֧Ԯ
Ҳ޸ܼµļ, ڶձװ, 뾩
ճϰսУжЩʿΪ˱׷¾
ͷ֮վ, ǡĩһ, Ҫǰȥã㱻ƺƵĳ·ϡ
Сվ࣬׳۾, СӸ̾
֮׾Ĭ, ȷʵ׳, ô˵פر߽, ԪĹˡ
ԼĪʱ뾩Ҳɢȥ֮״Сȥá
СС۴ģΣȴòƳ֮ףСȴƨﾹȻĶˣպһ˲ţ
֮Σӣչһ
СȻЦǺǵӦ£
֮С˸ţԺʲô£ѰˣСȻ˵Ӧ£ߵߵܳȥؤСһˡ
һ֮յةฮţݼдģѯտʱ䣬δʱׯ
֮æתŵļūֱӻػݼ
δʱһ֮ױȥ˲ׯû뵽ǲׯڽվݼаıˣһ֮׽ţϲӭ
֮ףϴȥѰ̫ðѵҺһͨղšݼЦͣС⣬֮ǰһɫǴͬЩ֪һ˲ףδռ̫ʱá
֮ЦҡͷݼҶЩӦˣ֮ǹѣס
ݼƤһ˲Ǹ磬˵ҵ̫鷳㣬ҺʡԼʵǱﲻסӣһϲ
֮һϲ£ʱ˾лһ˿Ĳ²ĪĵµĻ£
ݼ΢㶣Ц֮׵仰ĵ¡
֮ҲЩȡ
ݼԣС˵Ҫ뾩
֮һͫ׶Ŵˣʵ뾩Ϊ뾩Ҫȥ
ݼһ濴ׯľϸϣһϴЦݣӦ㶼û뵽ҵĻͬɣʵĥüءԼǰҲһЩÿĲϣԶҪȹš
֮һĿɿڴżĻµΣ
±ҷһŰգڸУʼδãǾô޸ˣ˸ۡţҵ治Ըˡ˷İ֮ˣ㲻ƶ󶼼㲻ǿ֪ļȬҩ࿴ˣ֮ȥʶһҲһ⡣
ݼƽ˵ĲԼ֮£ԴһǰӼҹӵºݼ˺ܴı仯֮ҲܿǷԷθĸܹ뿪ǣȥĴǧ硣
һ̣֮ޱȵģĽݼġ
ȴܹѣݡ;ϵͨ͸Լ뷨˶ԸӸĸİţڿҲֻѰһϲ֮ˣٻԿף⼸Ǿ˵˼룬۵
֪֮Լǰ첻ġ
ǳһаã֮Ӹĸ֮ý֮ԣŵԵɾΪ򣬹ƽʵһΪֹ֮Ҳģֻ޸һʵȵͨգѰӼɡ
ݼܹ˿֮Ҳˡ
ֻݼĻ£һĶϿˣ˲֪˲
֮ݼ˼ʺĲϣ̸
ٷֱǰݼ֮ףϲĵ𣿡
֮סû뵽ݼʵ¹ùͬ⡣
֮ҡҡͷ̸֮ϲ񡣡
ݼȴ̸ã˵ϲ𣿡
֮룬ҡͷ÷飬ļˣ޻̸ֿѣŮ֮£һǲԸġ
ݼȻ͵Цһȴ̾ĵҪŬŬˡ
֮ײ֪룬ʱةฮҲѾǰ
ŮݼϻЩź˵֮ףһûлĴ֮գ㰲ةฮڣʱһøȥ
֮ʧЦⱸҪõˣؾһδءȥ·ңԶ㶨ҪСӣҪ·ϵҩľȥȡ
ݼͷЦĴ棬ȥˡ
֮վԭأةฮԶȥЩȻʧھеĺѱͲ࣬һ
ϣݼܹ㣬ջġ
֮ƵĻصú󣬿ڲ֪˶õǰϻ¥˲ᷭæĶδֳܷ֮׵ĵ
񣬳֮ǹȻʧĸоɢ࣬Ц̤ڣϵĲһ裬ŵǰģѰұ㲻Ҫ˲ˣȱˮЪһЪ
̧ͷӹ豭Ҳ˲ᡣ
ԽԽ࣬ÿյ˲ҹꡣ
üģȷʵƣ˲٣֮Բ࣬ϵ˲ùֱӵݸһԵĸ£ֱ˵㷲¶Ϊ㲻°Լۿ壬Щ˲ø´Ϊ鿴÷ŷȨǡ
㶣ȷʵûȨˣҲֻĻӴ򹤵ˡ
˻˷õĿģӻóһűֽݸ֮׵ëھеլۡǰӯëѳɻ飬ھǹŮȦѳ顣
֮׿ֽϵĵַǵǼլλãԴü⣺˾ͿԼŮ޸һç֮򣿡
ȻԸ˰ӯϻΣӯڸпڳڮˣҲӦﰵв߻Ϊ伤ŭͬ˷¡ëˣǮƣ̻֮أȢӯҲӦΪȨƺǮ
Ѹٵ˵˴µǰ֮Ҳ¶һ롣
Щʱ̽ˣպҲٶ¡
ͷһ£Գ֮˵⼸׬ЩǮͽ¥棬ҶѾûƱո¹ùõգƱĵȥ
˵һԵĸ±óһ˶صľӣͭ򿪣ȫһƱ䣡
ôĳ֮۾һƱҪʮӡ
֮Щ𾪵⼸꣬һֱЩǮ𣿡
ͷɫ䣬ⲻʲô£¹˵ùõճլԺʹӵʣµı㶼ˡ
֮׷ɫЩ¡
ס
ֵ֮ǮϵھӪܶǮҲĳɹȱǮʱܰɡ
֮׼Щ㶣˸һ񣬸ڡ
֮Ц˵ô꣬㻹δĵĻϰߡģٲʲôҲʲôջѾߣ಻ĵµūֻͣˣǸлɽھ￪ϰŮӣֻΪԼ


48 .  ͵   ݡ⼸꣬װġ
ʱ, ٻعǰ֮׶һȥëļլǸԼĵط
ëסǾмΪͨ߷, ڽһȦ˴Ժ, ľżªխС, ûжװΣɫ߷಻, ˻ҳ, ֮ʷŸۡȣֱر, ˾סĵط
ȫ֮׶쳣ϤһǿϾˮ, ʱԼˮ, ʱˮҪںµͰʱǿһͰˮǰʼûסССĲ෿ľ, Ǵֻһ, ڼ״ª
֮׻һȦҰǽϻһƵϲ֣ϲֵһѱ˺, 봹ڿƮ, Щ
ʱһ
ĸ۵žͽ, ֪Ű
ɤ֮ϤˣŲ෿߳һ, Щһֲ£ŸƤ鼫䲻ҡҰڵ˳ë
֮׶ݹõķ࿴ƿסݵİɫңЦ۵ף·Щڿʣɷڴ˽豭ˮ
ëԭᷳɫڿǰŮƿɴ󣬶ʱ۾ֱˡ
ëһӣûôƯ޵ŮˣЩ¥ͷ֮ȣǸϴѾߡ
ˮСС
ëЦ⸡ϣһ˫ۺ˳֮ϣߡ
֮׽ȥëȵĸ˱ˮ֮׽ӹδȣĴ
ʱĴһˤľ죬űһϤɤſūŸҹȥޣ
ëһתҲ֣ˣзϵĳҫĺ˭ūţ
ִˤӯŭ壺ñ㣬㻹ΪԼ˸֦ĴΣ̺򲻺ңﲻ㣡
ëٲԸ˵Ҳҵֻȥݡ
֮׷²豭˽ȥ
Ļëϱӯϰҹŵ£һεľٴպó֮׿ëҲû뵽ʱȵǼڣšųɻ顣
֮δ˵ӯʱŷﻹˣشϺһ̧ͷ㿴ǰĳ֮ס
ӯһץıϣУô⣡Цģ
֮ޱ飬ëȴ˼ұ·Ц
ӯţˢƿ죬һ˫۶ݺݵĿ֮ףߵҲԼǰ̺۵գҧгݵ·㵱һţԴ㣬ûһպù֮ףԼĵŮ֮ˣұ³Ī
⻰֮׾״ΣĪʮֳߵգҺθɣ³֮Լ£ۡڽͷ߽㣬ڸۡԺҺθɣ
ⷬӯȴøЪ˹
㣬һС˺ңСЫĳ񶾵Ůˣ
ӯм˷ģҪ֮˺顣
֮׼ģȴһƬֹˮѾκε˷ȷ˵ЦģĿ־ûʲôЦ˴Ƕһ١
ӯȴСˣɥſǣҲŹ㣡
գӯëڣ֮⣬Ҫתȥ
ëȴȻ³Զٷëȥ¥Է
֮׻ؾδͣ
Ǯ˵ҪʲôҶ㣡
֮ۻٸңĶȡ
ëҪ˻ȥ˵˿ˮ
ʱڹٷ̫ڻعĳ֮ףкȻ֪࣬ӯ³Ƿĺڵõܹͷŵĵطžãԭ޾ˣʵ³಻ˬ죬ֻƣ
ǰ֮׶ټӯ

صԷʱ֮ײ֪һعݣվڵڡ
֮϶ţһԵĸȥ˺δ
һࣺҲ֪ʱùţ±˵ҪһֱڵſڣСĴ˸һ㷢ֵ²ڵˡ
Ҳĵµһ ͵ˣֻÿζܸڳ֮׻ع֮ǰ
Ȼ˵ࡣ
֮΢΢üԼû÷΢ķ˶˵Сţصڵݻֻû뵽һȣ͵ȵ˺ʱ
˿̵ݣչһ𣬶һ±壬δԶʼڸڡ
׷ڸķ֮ϣ͵ŵΡ
ĵ¡⻭вˡ
չѣȴޱ飬һۣŵڡ
չֻҲֻ̽ԽԽ졣
ڣŸŲãڹһֳ򢣬һžӨ͸ѣò⡣
˵̺ĹŮͬĴŮӦ£ĹΣȻš
޵ˣЬӣŽţ̧΢΢Цι
ԭվڰ˳ϰ˽յΣ밮Ľż㣬ǣȻӹǴѣһ԰ƤڹĿУǳУʱɵͷָ
£ѳԵԽɴཫѷԼУι˼
ЦĲһǡ
ʱڱһ-һƸꡣ
ҿǶ˵̬ȻѲǵһΣ˭뵽ǰ谮ͬʹ͸⻤Żţ㻤˹ϣ񾰵ۻ֪Լѱñ
ϵչûٿֻó˷֮׹ûֹʱñԲ
ǶѾ˻׵Ժ󰴼ƻ¡
չͷóϡ
ʱĹĻУ૵ЦƴӣΪɢѡ
ʳ㣬Ҫ˽̺ԡһӰһ
չһƷѸƵסҪе죬ס
Ǿ֣ʳҪһλεذ׵ĺ䣬һҲҶ
ڰʱֳΣǰ߿˵ڵϵѪ˫뼧ӡ
Ŀ¶֮ɫһʱû
ݳЦ͵-һ£ǻ֪
չսذףɿ˹Ŀڱǡ
˫ĿǿԼ侲˺һᣬۣҧ˵ݡ⼸꣬װġ


49 .  ѱ   ĹŮ֮ףͻΪ
ݲΪ, Ե㲻ҵӡ
һ˫ŭգƾ㣿һʥĻ, ͲԼڹ֮, , ձʹ֮ʱ
ⷬвݺ, ժһ˵, Уһ, 㱬
ĵֳƽפ߽أ, Ӽǰ;, ڰкߣҪɻڴ֮ʱ֮Ԫǵûϲδ̫ӵѡ˺õͷڴʱȾ, ϲ֪δù, Զڱ߽ļҪǣܣڹпɻãԪɻܳΪ̫ӣȵ, ̽䡣
ƽĵЩ, ͸¶һѪ, ˲
΢΢ɫȻƲ촽ŭĿݡ
ݲ, ǰŪеѣ򼧹˼ǰơ
Ϣĵڣؿš
һ󣬼ɿڣ΢΢к󣿡
վعͷӸµĿһº󣬳֮ʱʲô취ĹŮ֮ףͻΪ
ţŻҵаǳƺܲм˷δ˵ʲôӦ
֮£⴫ӦҪ󡣡
ףչɿ˶Լǯƣذ
ڴʱһƬǽ壬ɢڵأͻȻһѼĶУתһԻʵؿڱҪ£
ǰһ߿еĶУһء
չѸƷס˫֣޷ж
ˣ͵һ±ǿտƾǹݵġ
ûе֣Цкޣвʣ㵱ĸһޣǼŮ⣬ӦǰɱˣʱգȷǱĴ
չһչ⣬ſץϻԵϡ
ǰѪ򼧹ǵԡ

ʱݻԷ
ĸһݻˣæС㱨ˣ֮׹Ҳδԣһֱͷŵء
һæڣֻ֮Ѿſǰ֪ʱ˯ˣŵһļͷøȥŶ
ϣ֮˯ˣۿݺվȥģҺһġ
ͷЦûȥģתת
֮Ȼţϼ䲻ЩȥҲӦ֪ңŲ𣿡
ݾȣˣֻ£Щݡ
֮΢㶣ٿȻһ£쾪ĪǡȥѰŮˣ
Ƭ̣֪֮׿еŮ˭˳ˮۣЩ˼ĵ˵ͷ
֮׼״Ƿ૵Ůкβݵģֲʲô˵顣
ʱ˽˳֮׵һ£ĪѾͬŮӡǸˣ
еЩˤ飬ݼæҡͷ֮ףˡ
֮˿ں꣬ĵȰ˵򲻿Щ³çŮǿ࣬ĸ֮˷˳
Ļͷδ͡
ֵ֮ĵ¿и߹һ֮㵽˳Ȣ֮ˣ
΢㶣ҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ
֮üǧܿտڳŵ֮λ¶˵׼Ϊ棬ʱȴԼֻǸ檣жġ
⻰ݾúܶԣӦµãҲŵʱ֪
֮²ΪǹŮҪʱ̶أ㣬浽ʱԷһŮôΣգǻҲҳ
ݹɵͷ
ҪΪİŮӿǣպɻҪһˮƽĪҪƫ˭ԺƽһЩ
ݹɵͷ
ŮӼ޼ƣκͻòʱ簴ϲ׼Ī󡣡
ֹɵͷ

һԵĸЩĬĬݣŮ˲ϣǺã
һƬͨ͸ĸĵҲͦࡣ
һ£֮æļŲأݳ֮ԽԽʱӵĳ˵ϣϻԴţڵգʥּΪգͻԼ
һʱܹЩǡΡˮʳнܲһһ쳣֮Щʱձ׼ЩǷαæʮգ빬е˶˼γߴ磬ƵƵдŵ¹ùã׼ĹǷ©
µ׵ʱһ뵽Ҫͻ飬֮ױţʵΪ⹬ﾹһԵķûУԪʱֵ÷зＸ²ļҹŮܲµó⣬ʲôҲ֪ǳİûгû۶ӣó֮Żŵġ
µ׳һգ֮öδȥմھǱԺڣϤ¹ù̳˵һ¡
¼ϲģЦŰ֮赣ģӵĳֻǱѰ˵ķһЩˣ߸
֮ȴ֪ΪĪ꣬̾ұԼЩط׼ĲףϾĵһ䣬һ漰ͻһ£һϢûУһǮȥ̽̽Ϻ͹Ҫ´ͻļҹŮ
ԣЦ㾹ȥ̽ͻʱǱ֪ˡ
֮׹СҲ¹˸𣬶¹ùǻ֪ĵиء
סϸ־֮ɫ¾ˣ
⻰ʱó֮׵ɴ˫Щ¾Ȼֹһˣ
¹ùæ˵Ӧֻһ
֮׻е㲻ţҺþãû뵽˻ġ˵ŮӣĶˣ͵͵˽¼浽ʱҵһᵽŮӣﶼ⡣
¹ù΢΢üͷЩȷѵݳ˳֮ףŮӶģ
֮ЩŮ˭Ҳϸңֻ˵˵Ѳɵ»ָܹ´ͻ޼ƵŮ𣿡
⣬¹ù˿㾹֪Ů˭
֮΢㶣ù֪𣿡
¹ù룬ҡҡͷЦ಻֪أǴ֮ϣõԸա
ֻ֮գѾŮӲôˣһݼϲֻҪܹҸģȢһİŮǸá
һ뵽պܹ뿪ʹᵽǱԺסﻶĲѡ
ٻعǰ֮׻С˵ЦԺʰ׵ˣһЩͺϻӣһ£ұܹסˣʱЩҩԺ㣬ٴЩܣЩϹȤء
Сһ˷ܵĵͷ¹ùмЩСԼŪý۵Ļ䣬ÿæµ̣ûŪЩԺ￴Ŷ壬ǳ֮ˣ϶Ҫֲ١
ֻСԸ룬עҪһˡ


50 .  ͻ   һõˣһֱ㡭
, ʱڣѾʼæµĻӵĳ˲񣬾۽ûǰȥй, һŵڼ, һǵá
ɰѾ۽Ż, ˻˶Ķӣȴʳ, ҽ˵˻һ±Ҫ, ʱСģ۱ڿ˼, ΪѰԵʳ
Ļйȥ޲࣬ݵĳ˵ùʡ
Ѯ, ڻӭ˴˷䡣
ʹ̫, ׯϵڰڷҫ۵죬īɫԪϣūиһ龫ǰŵ, һʯ, ϣ¶ء
ֻĻӵĳԪĵƱ, ЩС׼ˡ
, , λһ࣬ʱľϵˣЩ͵ġ
, һϯӺݻȹڲףɫ಻ãƽŻװЦⶼûˣһ˫̫͵⣬һ»ݡ
ݽʢװϯɫֱ£ɫ˿ߣ°ڴɼԲεڻԣصĽ趯ĳֱͦļڷ𣬸ͻԳǷӣӢͦ
֮׺͸ֻܸ浽ǰȻһվȺ
ڣ̫һھᣬѵʡ
ݹ񣬴ϣվֶžʩд
ϣףʡ
¼գʼԪ˳ɵ£ٿΩ
ǰǰ˫ݵķ֮ϣɡ
ܹܴʱһдõʥּϣ۹Ŀ󣬻
ˣʵگԻĻլʺТţȢ֮ʣͷԪؽŮ֮ΪԪһǣ๲ٰͬ죬֮飬մˡ
ʥּ꣬ݹл¡
һԵļЦ˵ĸƫҪͻͻȻðŮ㣬˵ͶϣԸüΪŮ˵Ҫ㿴˳۲УŵĴͻ飬˿ɼ۰㣬˳ⰡĸӶ˺ο
ѵϴ˿Ц⣬żŭЦЦɫлĸĳȫ
񣬼ϣЦŻɢˣ볡ȥѰĵˡ
ߺ󣬼վ࣬ý˿ŵҧߺ޵ս͵ڡ
ݹϣԻὫ黹
һ˲ûвķȥ
ݳ̫͵ʱĳ֮ԭػδ
ˣʥּ֮δ⣬ŴͻŮӵ估ʱͬ׺䶥
ʱΪ˼Ů
Ϊʲôͻ
⵽мʲô
һԵĸƶûʲôھȵĵطһұ֪飬üŪ۵֮׵ϲ
֮ʼûлعϺ͵ĸݻصԷϰԵҪȥݸµ衣
ŵĸæ֮еĲ˵֮׹ĪҪ˵ĻˣϿǼŮĵδʹʹá
һ仰ó֮˲ɴ˫ĿŵĻͷݵ£ô£
ݻǲ˸󣬳ų֮ЦЦƵ˵֮ףɻ˵ʱҪ㲻裬֮λֻǵһԺҪࡣ
֮⻰ɫ󼱣ɡɡ̫ˣ˵ͨĹ
ס֣ϣֵ˱ˮ
֮ģа취
֮ϵĲյͷԻЩ£ٿһķ²豭вУŮô죿ŵҪȢŮӳɻ飬񾹳ңⲻֳЦ𣿡
ס֮΢֣ǹ𣺡Ůӣ㡣
ٴ׺䶥
֮ЩͷƤ飬͵سԼ֣ŵĿݣ¡˵Ц𣿡
ٶס֮޹ǵģޱ棬˫ͫеӳ֮׻ȴ޵ա
õˣһֱ㡣
֮кһɫһֻ͸ĺ췬ѣ״εҡǲֹϵܳɻ飿
δݻػ֮͵վ˼Σ֯Լ˼ԣɫƵ˵Ҵδ³ɻ飬ûФ֮λֻҪܹƽͨӱ㣬ʵΪֲһֲң˴ҪƭҲд˾٣֮׵ܲ


51 .     ֮ףʲôûС
һı, ֮ǲϰ
ǹŮڹҲûסͷϻ˸ĪļŮƺ, ҡ, еһʮʮ, ֪һ֮׵ĹŮҪ֦ͷ, ҥ֪ôֺ˼, ùһٴͻ飬֮һʱ, ۵˵ʲô˶Уࡣ
֮գĸǲִ, Ҫʮպٰ, ƺ޲ݸϿ顣
֮ױֻܳ籸֮Ⱥ֮ʱ
ǼŮɴδҪ̸μױ, ٵͷֻһ, ͺƴǰŮһ㣬ϣͷξͬ衣
֪֮, 񼧹ʲôѱ, ¶ݵԸ
к, ȴҲˣΪµĳ֮ףھǱԺеȴ顣
ʱеĻλӾԪ, ٵԺ˺󣬷عод
¹ù֪ºԭΪҲһȴùþóһδĺ£Ϻ޾֮ɫ֪ͻϢ˵ϲЦտϸĵĶԳ֮˵ȻСٰһӣ³ߴϲǲ¸Ļü
֮Щԣùã֪ͻһ£
¹ùҡҡͷ͵ЦùȻ֪ҲһΪ׼ģδ뵽˿ó
ǡǹùñ㲻𣿡
Ц˭ùöȣΪ֮ϣ޸ٺòùøǸˡ
֮ߺСһ߰ӣһ߻ǽǵһӦ£ùãš
Ϊʲôţ
֮̾ԼλãպԼ˴ȴǵµ棬ڼһһжδ׼ã飬󶼲˰
պ̫󣬳֮׼ֱܲš
ĳ֮ףֻԼСӣھܹ˳˳죬˱޸ƽһӾԸ
һʥּȫ̴ԸûǰûййŮľҲֻǼ꣬ʱ䣬ˡū֮ͣϰԼݣкֻ֪֮һŮ˸ŮĸñҪ
֮ײǺݣǺνɫùöãΪ֮˼ݡΪͨ͸ƽ⣬ùžǲ侩κŹŮ˵󲻾ĻպԵλã֮Ҳá
¹ùЦĿﶼ˲ѣܹ֮޸ݣܱȼ޸·ĵĶࡣ
֮ɫֺ˲٣ǿԼ
ʱԺ⴫֮ȥΪ׵ĺ̤Ժڣ˲Сˣһ˻бһľ䣬С˽ӶԺڡ
֮˳һصĳľӣɻЩʲô
Сһɫ򿪡
һϵͭأӦӳȫǽ鱦޳УĽκϺ壬ϼҫۣƽһɨȥǽ
֮иõԤУʵҪΣ
ȣ㲻֪
֮ҡͷȻ֪
ѵƽЦһ˵ĵһñˣļױί
֮Щµ𾪵ĺϲ£죬һ Ƹͼױɳġ
ֵ£ЩҲֻһƱһˡ
Щϵ̼µһ룡
֮඼ݺһ֮ǰԼɵ˰˵ЩȻȫӦ鵽Լˡ
æСǰӺϣһؽģۻңողס˼ˡ
˻δݣ˹͡
С忪ͲԺڣһϯ·ߣСһ̣ϲ֪ʲô
֮ӭǰȥЩ칫ӣôпǰ
ݺЦЦйϲ֮׹ҪĻӵΪˣǰӦǰУ»񡣡
СǰϵĸͷƿǼµСǰ󲻷ƵĽ棬ңһȣɫ˿廨£幤տһݼġ
֮׿˵ϲСýڣ˸˲෿ֻೣ֮߶ˡ
ͷ칫һˣ֪ݼϢǱ߻𣿡
֮һ߽ӹϾЩЦãҡͷЦһ⣬Ǯ㣬˲ЦҸڸÿÿŶΪǣҺ˼ūһЩһ·ͣѾݣҲʱдŻؾҪھǸ˵Ķ࣬ǼҸ˼ŮУࡣ
ôԣ֮׷ЦĿıã칫أة˿ΪӵĻȢѰٵˣ
߶ΣʶĿ֮ǳЦգת˲ֹ˵ҲȢ޳ɼң꿼ù಻١
Գ֮׾ͷٲ˵ǣǱԤףժ״ԪɣʱͲ֪ļҹŮд˸֣õӵˡ
յЦܺȵĲ裬Ҳֻнˡ
֮׺գڨЦĪҪͷδȤˣǱȳɻ飬Ը
֮ɫ֮׹ﲻԸĵ£
֮룬̾һҲͲ壬ϵҪãȴŮ֮飬Σһһգʥּ£ѳɶ֡
Ů֮顱⼸ʱߵĴǲԾһЩ
ʱɫѽƻ裬߲ȥ֮׽͵ſڣةฮ󣬲ŻԺ䡣
üҳ֮ƽúܸһʸУ˵Ӱ죬顣
⼸̫Ļˣ֮׾ЩԼΪĻţܾⲻӦõġ
λãǾжŮ󲻵ã֮ػһһ֪Լ÷ǻӣһֱӽѰһݱӻͬһǰ㣬·ûˡ
ڵݵĹϵʱ֮Ȼ֪ԼıˣܰȵĻȥͺãимݣƾݶΪŮԼ΢֮һΪ˻κ飬ֻҪܹģռ֮λ
ݼһûһĻӵҲӦǸ֮ƥŹŮܹδܹڳжһ壬ܹʹ̫֮λˡ
֮ףʲôûУҲʲôǡ
֪Լ޸ݣް
ΪԼܻδʧ̫֮λ֮׿ⱲӶԭԼ
˼ǵ飬治һ򵥵ãһУݳɻ顣
οݣûϲ֮鰡


52 .  ɻ   һ֮ͷð̣ɫ
ʮ, ֮ʳѰ
佹ǣȻɻѳɶ֣֮λ֮, ԼΪݵ, ǳ֮Ӧý֮¡
²ִ, ʮʱ䣬ʮ춼ûȥԼĵ, ȫΧת, òʮ֮ҪĶҲ¹ùøǼݻĻ¡
ԭƷĺ, ¹ùýƺκʮս٣߼۴ӾƸ, ͬʱһ¡
ԭĽ, Ҳĳ˴ĽߣǷڶɺ֮ˣͷɷƯ
ȥ, һϼ, ֮ɫϼǸ, ֮еĽɫ, ȥ, Ϊۡ
һ׼֮Ƹױھ¼ۡ, ֮Ϳ⼸׬Ļ¡
ȴ治ɫһֻһΣٶӶֵãǮˣ׬
˵嵭·ǮûУó֮Ŀɿڴ
µףӭ˴֮ա
֮һ㱻ױ磬¹ùԽ֣ĿΣЩź˵ı죬һѪҺˣһαװڷִǱµĻƽҡΣ֣صĲڷٵУҫҫԡ
֮׿ͭеԼʮյģʱ쳣İ
毺õŨױĨһĨ󣬴һĨɰͷһĨ׺̬ѽ
ɫ֮׶Ʋʶ֮ˣ¡صװ磬ǰһΡ
¹ùùͷΪ֮׸ͷϣסա
ڲΪȹϼ
Ƕ˽Բͳ֮ϽΣлҪݣԺ˸࣬ӼҺةฮ˶ˣӭ׵ĻˣΧ۵İն˲١
ùãǱҪȥ¶ˣ˶ӣСҳȥɡ
֮¹ùõ֣Ъš
¹ùôʱȴ˿ɳʣǸ˵ģϧù۾ۿ֮׳ʱ֮ˣЩʱգû׼Ķ
֮׻ףͷµ⿴¹ùͷķ˿䣬Ĩɫ
ᱧס¹ùãȻһЦùãңõĳɻ֮֮Уǵڶһ㣬ùĪҪ𣬽յĲǡ
¹ùĨȥ۽ǵʪЦŸ˸֮׵ļ
תͷСԺųȥʱע£ŲЩ˻ΣҲŻЩ̧εĹЩǮŵ㡣
ķԸ֮ЦһôˣôϤһף¶ܿǵλ
Сų֮׵ֱۣ̤Ժ䣬Ժ˵ĻǰΧ۵İյЦУ˹ǰӭӵĻΡ
֮װȵڽУӷµһ̣·綼뿪ѾЩʪӣЩЩţЩ֪롣
ԭǻ޸еĸоһڻϾԼȻͬ
еĺȣ֮Ȼŵͷѣˣ֪˶Զֺʱ˹УֱǰһֻǽڷƣϤ֮ʶĽԼַȥ
ִ֣˻Ρ
̫͵⣬װ׵һƬϲ
ڣ˾ۺͼҲǰˣŻ̥֮˲ϲ£Ҳմմϲȥۻࡣ
һȻǰֱõԽ˼ʮֲǵ˼ףλһϯ֮Ƶ˷ۺ࣬Դ빬ͷ㲻ڡ
һ㣬ֻҪ󹬵ĴȨգ㲻¾۳谮˭һʱˡ
ﻹпʲôˣʱ̽ݵһһ˫ķۣʱҪԻòغԼװЦĿݴ顣
ΨһܹͻģȢĲʲôŹŮǸ޼ƵСŮ֮ˣֻҪԽε̫֮λûв㻹һ̣ȵݳɻ󣬰ѱУҪ⹬˭ȨǸ˭Լ
˼ˣϼһ˿ŤЦݡ
֮ףźصļ£˽κͬʧ˻㣬¶ݵһһͷסһУסµ顣
֪ʱ񣬺ʱ˲裬ʱã˵ЩʲôͨͨûнС
ع֮ʱѾ͵ԪĺԺУڴ֮ϣȺݡ
ģҲˣϲЦտĸ
У֮͵͵ƿͷһǣеˡ
ﰥһϽ泣֮׷¸ͷһȥߵˮһ߲ĵҵĺɱԼƸͷҪõ֪ҿգūС
Ѳյĵ˹ȥЦüɫ裺Լۡأô˵ôģȵˮٵһʱӦͻˡ
֮ݴ飬ǴˣﲻƾԼ볣֮׵ĹϵԪڻ¶ѣʱһūţڸ绽꣬ԽԽǺϲ£졣
֮νӹ豭ںͷ˼ڣƸֵĵĺɻһ㡭֮׵ǻδӦݣﺰڡ
ʼտδֻ˼ˮʱҲδоôãԷƬ̣쳣ˣ֮ױͷ齱ߵĴᣣ˯
һ˯˯ĺ
ʱظʱźûѣ󲻵ò̤ڣó֮ร
ݺһЩƣϴŵľȴ쳣ѣκʱѡ
ʱĿıǳ֮һݻϯصĺ£ͷͷϣͺ޷ĿŴ˯ˡ
ǰˣ̧˺ɫͷ޽εʱչ¶ݿЩ㶡
Ϥ֮ףǳϤϤܹĿüòȴûһ̣ܱ¸ΪĶ
ǰ֮ˣ˫Ŀ΢ò覡
鲻Խᴥ֮ȴһתѣã˫ۣӳıݳԵ̬Ҫ֡
֮ŵվȹһ˿ң£Ρʱģ
Щźջ֣ЦЦŻõˡ
һ֮ͷð̣ɫͨ죬˯˼ңԼѾݰóףýȢˡ
ɳ֮׻ʶǰҪΪݸϴһѾϰߵĶһʱᶼԸĵ
ȴִ֮׵֣ڴᴥ£˵̺򣬽δʳֵ˾ã𣿡
֮ɫһƬϽԼ֣˲ֱ죬֪ݺʱ˻ңе˿İˡ
ҡҲĪҪôֵľٶ
֮׶㿪һЩݿί֮ɫЩįתͳ˵֮׿Ǻڼ޸ˣǾûã
˵̾˿Ҳûϲɫ
֮׼㣬ԼЩԣȥοڣ¶˺ãֻһʱ޷Ӧݡ
ⷬǲίԲ֮ףûпǵԸǿҳ˻顣
һ仰֮׶ʱһͿеĽҲһɨգô᲻֪ЩΪܹõӡ
֮׼ֱ֪ΰο׵ˣæ˵֪¶ΪҺãܼ޸֮׵ĸ֣ǧҪҡҵǻϲ֪αеĸˡ
̧һ˿ˣһЦ֮ĪҪңҿ𣿡
֮׸Ͻſֱۣ庢ͯһ㣬˱ǰίˣһḧĺ󱳡
࣬ȡŻ˳ԵϢԼѪ𴽽ǡ


53 .  ¶   һϣϲ
һ, ϸһߣȻ˯
֮һӣ, ʵΪһԼߴ, ̫, ´ϤݣҲܻһŵġ
ûҪԲҪ, ų֮׳Щ, ˱ˣ˳֮׺˿
һԵݵһ, ֮׶ܻѣ쳣䱸
˵Ҳȼ޹һ, ɴҲûͬ, յͷһء
գ
ҪȥиϺ͹밲̺ϴ
̤룬㿴֮ڴ齱, һ˫Դ, ε˳ʱѸŵеͭЩˡ
֮׻ףݻ˯, ˸, ȳȥ, ȻԼŵ˼ѣתϸں˱죬Լ߳ڡ
غź, ֮õ˯һա
ͭ裬ݸ֮״ʪӺ͵֣˳ɻ鶼ŮЪľãȵ»Īүˣ
֮ùִ̧˸һ£Ӷ࣬Ҳұˣȥٴһˮ
Ͻȥˣ֮Ҳ̺Լʰ׵ֽݵﶼá
һӵĹ㣬֮һˣЩǵ֮ѵ磬Ϊû˯𣿡
֮ݵ£ԾҪͷָæӦҡͷǿЦᣬһʮаȫУһҹΣֻҪ밲ұЩʱ
ĵɫͷϸų֮ײ֣֮ԼΪԼæµӰ֪һҹδߣȴҲ˵ʲôˣ̳֮ҪӦ
ܹסԼԣ಻Ǽ£пõ˾˯࣬޶ԣΪ˿Լʧҹδߡ
˸˼ȴάͬǰһ㣬Ǣ
ս밲ԭҲ߸ˮ
֮ϣȴȻԳ֮˵Ժ밲ʱЩ·ʱſűǡ
˵ãһ˵֮׵ģŵǺ£
ס֣ЦЦ˱֪Ī£ҡ
֮΢㶣˻ͷ
Ƴ˻ݱЩ̫һˣǿɿʱҪԼͦˡ
ʼǣų֮׵ûɿҲó֮ס
빬ǬԪϾ뼧ѵ˵ЦţӣҲԼƺܾûȥˣһӺ֮͸ģ˿Իϵİ⣬ľﶼקżֺһѰ
ãУ̺򲻵ã۾δԼѾʼŽȥˡ
ݶǰ˴
˶ѵõĲˮݵУǷ˾ۡ
ų֮޵ݣ˿첢δ룬Ǿȣ޵Ԫ֮ɫɿһǼʶ˵۹⡣
֮Щŵĸ񣺡лޡ
ƤЦⲻЦƳһˣ˵䲻ݶĸȴĸΪ׽Ȼ¶Ǻõģϧ˻飬㲻ѳĸˣǰڿһ
ţɫģĲˣ֮öТ˳ȥ̽
ݵͷǣתӹнӹյϹϾĵݵ˼ǰгֿĸ½һʱÿ¶ȥ밲
̧ۣǿ𣬽ӹ˲յ˫ֶ£ǲˮȴһɳǵζü˲ɫ䣬סڱЩŻ
˿豭üʵǺβ裿
Ĺŵͷ󺹣æ˵ǹĲҶΪϲЩϣʲô֮
תͷżɫãĵʵӲʣ
ˮ۷ˣҲδокβס
ǿջЦ£ٴζ豭ǿԼ¡
ɲˮչǹɴ̱ǵζ쳣ʣһûסŻ˳ƺ֭ͬҪ³
һĻŵùǺǰѯʹﲻʡ
ۼ״Ϊǲˮг⣬ԼҲӦ˵̫ҽԺ̫ҽ޴
һԵūŸæȥˣ֮׳˲ע⣬еĲˮȷͬղǹԣֻͨЩϣֻǵζûκβף֮ױҲֻþ̫ҽǰ
̶һʱ䣬̫ҽԺ̫ҽϤ˵ڣ̫ͬҽڡ
̫ҽ֮Ҳںһʲôйء
֮ĳҡҡͷʾԼ£̫ҽŷġ
һߣһλϵ̫ҽǰ鿴˾ۣȥ鿴
ʱļɫ³ЩˮźЩЩʱЩƣ˯̫ҽΪʱȻĵһ˿̫õԤУܾúʲô¼
Ƭ̺Ԥг档
̫ҽɫϲڵϹصϣϲػϼϲã
һ˶Ϊ֮һ㶡
Ϻûи˵ɫֱӣʵɿϸˣϲ
̫ҽ֣صͷ˵ǡ
ָָһ̫ҽһ£ǣһŶӣ޿ϸˣǲϲ
ʱ̫ҽŷ̫ԣ׷еĶ䶼ð˺һӵʱ䣬̫ҽϡ
˻Ӻһͬػϣϲ
һɫ˲
ɫףվָŹڵϵ̫ҽǣŭڴ˺ϣͲµԴ𣡡
̫ҽɫ޹Ϊ׵̫ҽˣƻûǰƣæԼ˵̥Ҫ
ݸϽӣţתԩĶž۱ϣ檲ܻ̥֪Ѵζ㹻ˣʺΪŮһֱűûжϹ̫ҽ֪ʲôģ˭Ĳԣڻǰڳ檣찡
ʱѾһؿڣغһӸµĿżǹ˵˵Ǻ˴ı£ܹ̫ͨҽԺ̫ҽ޵棬ϲ
һ˲ɫȫޣͫлһƬŵ飬æҡͷϣǱԩģǱݵİ
顱һ죬һ֮ϣڷ޴ʵ㻳˭̥Ҫȥ
ŭ롣
˹ڵأ֮׺Ȼ֮Ժ뵽ʲôǱһ滻ɲҩˣУ¶˼١
ԪΣ幫劼
һ仰֮˾˽֮µԣв˰Ѻ
ʱٿȻ£קס۵°ڣƵƵҡͷֻŲѵϣų檣Ӻ幫ǻϵð֪ˣҪ㷣һˣµζ޹ذϣ


54 .     һּ⣬õڡ
һ߿֮, ɫޣЦһȸ̹ף㻳ʲô˵֣
߷ڵصĹ, ε, , Ҳǽ壬, ɫľګǡ
۽еĴݺ˵, ɢһء
޵ĺù˵Ϊɻ޷
ߵ, ̬΢
̶һӲ劼ԱūŴæĴ뵽ǬԪ, ã֪˺ʱ
һ, ϻ΢΢˿ҹӦֲ֪ȥˣ񣬿ŵڹһص, ͬ劼һй, ųѯʣʣһ㼱ææ劼δ˯ء
, һЦĺĸա
ϸһ, ŷ, ڵǱŮǼ
æǰҪлдʣ, ڷ˴Ļĸѿ
ۻδ˵̧ͷһȵζöԻĸĴĸԡϣԸãֻĹζԴһŲ֪
һĸТĻ氡Цָż㷽Ųǻϴǻ̫ҽϲһô֪Ҫ͸Ŀˣ
⻰̫࣬κ劼׷ԭأǶȻ֪ʧѿһˣǽһδ̤ΪŴβ֪Թٻأϳ̥µس̶ȣ
ٲҶ˵劼һ𣬹˵ϡ
ǿʼղöˣּ
ظӹΪִƺ󹬶꣬λ֣һĨȫʬԪΣзţ޳ʼ幫劼߽
һּ⣬õ˶һ
ٲ˼棬ؿͷǶѪ˻źϣζĻʶţڳ̫ҽѪףζ檾ϣ

ɫࣺ޳谮ʮĻӣҪڴ֮ͥµѪײŸ棿´ȥδ棡°οϻңѵÿһӣޱҪѪײɣ
£ڵ֪˵ʲôѾ޼ˣĲٶκοˡǣλ֮λ
ڵϵΣͣʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûȻʹ׹䵽صףһּ⣬ʲôûˡ
ʱŵĵһ
ʣл˵
劼ڵϣߵ
ɫģ˵
劼̧ͷС˵뼧ǰĿɫԸǰȥףȫԪ߳ǣͣս𣬻߽԰ҵҲ븸ʣھ˾Լפ߽أķϣĸһʼ
劼ڴģ׺ֻҪһڣ㲻ܷҴԪһ˿һ
븸ʣ˼ǣᷢ䡣
䣬劼ߵס
ٴμžԭء
۾δ˼劼Ļס
ʱȴȻϥе劼ǰҲˣ԰û˸ʱɫ
ڵϣẒ̇ʣʲɣ劼ʮģܺףȥֵطǵġ
ȴģԼ˼һƽһ˿ոȷʵǻðɺµľҲ˵ΪԪ˶ٹףǼƽפر߽ҵҵһնûи˲һؾԼǰشԪʧ˱߳ǣЩ飬ȷʵûп׵
սô꣬۶û֮⣬Ըף˼еء
ô˵֮Ǵں֮¡
ۿ劼ӹıֱԼ̵㵹˸ŮҲգޱ㿴ڼұķϣһӽ󣬹޼̥ʬ޴乬Զ̤乬벽
תۿΣȻԸǳеޱˣзͷΣʼɼ̳лλ幫劼̡
䣬۷Ҳ뿴Щˣӻֵɢˣ޷ˡ
˵ȥ
λڵϣž۵ıӰ޺ʣ󸸻ջسҪʼˣ󸸻ĪҪ劼ףʣʣ
Զȥʹ飬ѱקȥλͷץ½ǣȴֻһƬ鲼
Ĺڴ룬Ȼ֡
죬ˡ


55 .  ʧ   ʢһʱļһҹ֮ܣá
幫劼һ, ֻղҪ뾩
ûл̶ֺӣûзļױ, ûеŮ
еֻһ, һ, ʮͽ
֮£劼ż±Ѻ, ЩԻǻ, ʵΪ˶劼·ӡ
, һŵӰ
ң龪̣ҲûЩ׷ĹŮū, ֻһܵ˻ʳǹǰ, һ·ܵĽ˷ڡ
ܲ˵ǰƿ劼ЩȵĿ⡣
δŴ劼, 劼Ī, һͬȥ㡣
劼ɫȻϻŽ޵ױ, һļ¸ƽ˼ɫ, ֻϻ, 졣
סα֣ҡҡͷ磬Щȥ, ǻӣͬһȥյء
βߣİסۿͨ죬ƣҪ֮λΣϲҪҲܿ׸ͷ
劼Įϣһ˿Ц⣬˵磬劼֪С㲻ĸϲֻң劼˷Զ޺ףŲµģ硣
劼£ַ̧ķڣЦ˵֮Ӱ劼һֱǣ֮緢ˣ˭˲Χת˭ָҲֺ硣͸ǰµ֮ӣû˻ʼΪʼװˣ劼ȥá
劼òԸʪ˫ĿһĿ˳
ץ劼֣劼磬ȥ󸸻ʣ۰ңȥģġ
劼ҲЩۿóϸĵĲϵˮ
磬劼Ҫˡ
˾˻ҲȥһҪھչ˺Լڹڣ¶ҪС֮Ĳޡڹ⣬绹ǰһ緢ѰҲҪɵһõݡֻҪһջǻӣЩ֮˾ͲҶֺֻ劼󣬱㲻ˡ
һϯ䣬ԵĽǰҪקߡ
ȴץס劼ֲţ޵ӣƵƵ˵劼û㣬Ĵ劼һҪ磬һȥ㣬磬һȥ㣡
֣ƿһԡ
劼ڣȻ£Цŵͷ劼硣
£ס劼ӰҲޡ
αѺţ˫Ĺ˵ϣнԶǱڵأޡ

ʢһʱļһҹ֮ܣ°նࡣ
̾Ϣüر߹ض꣬üۣüٲ⡣
˹ϱգһã˭Ҳ벻ģĪ˵ǻ̲ѰҲ̲Լﻳ˱˵ְ
񾩳ڣ˵Ķ𼧹ιĻ漫ޣǰȥӡ
ӣѾûԪסڸڣڸҲ粻֮ǰҷӣЩŮūŴ׸֮ߵɢɢµĲ޴ȥ
û˼ǧԷû劼ԷݶѰȥԪһʱ֮丣տյ塣
Ǿ߸ŮƴӣСŮֻ̬Ϊֵģαͷʧ˳裬Ҳδ׽ɫǴδйı̬֮
ԼˣοˣЩūŹŮǣЫ˭ҲԸγκιϸ
һ劼ԣٲãЩ˻Ҫ˼һΪõݣ˸侮ʯ
Уɫͨ죬һĺžƣϻ߬һ劼ߺ󣬲֪ʱеġ
ֻּֽд˶̶һУĻӲ򵥣ĪΪС
Ϊ˵ģӦþˣؽ乬󹬲һִƷӡ˾۱㽫Ϊ褹Ϊ󹬣ǽ˼λá
λһ֮ֻҪһղ󹬾褹ƹܣϲʤ
褹Ҳ벻ɽ㺴ļңôɵıԼˣԭпܳΪ̫ӵΣҲûʸ̳лλ֮ˣ俵һĶ֮ˣԭȵӵ׷׵ȥӴ
褹˯ҪЦѣĶûˣĻݺɵֵһᣬǴİ˻Uʮ๹Σó裬֪̥Ůȥ̫ѡֻʣһˣ
褹ֱۣڿϽͷʩĸˡ
ڰ正ǰǼε߹ҲϨ棬ûٳҡ
ʱ乬ڡ
͵۵Ĵԣһª£̶ʮգ˷·һȦնѾ΢΢
ɫ԰ףɫϣһ˫ģֻǣĴⲻԲ
乬⴫˿˿춯һ˲Ϊ͵͵ǰ̽ˣȴ̤֮ˡݡ
һīɫµݲ乬ڣһ˫Ѫŵ˵Ц⡣

˲ĿҪȴ򸹲վ޷վһץסᣣһָݺ޵ӣҺˣ
ݺΪѾڲԣ޵֮ˣƿڴԻ
ݺ⣬ЦǰӦ˹֮ǰҪ󣬹黹һˡ
˵չѺһϤӰ乬ڡ
ˣеĺΪŨ͵ѱʬ̥ĵ
ȴ֪㱻乬ҲԸǰ㡣
̧ͷе밮Ծɲ
ԣ
Ӧǰߵࡣ
ȴֻһذף˿ԥĿڣһ
Ǹӣ㵨ڱҰ֣ұץסѱˣӦʬΣϧ
һ仰δĿ
˿ûоȣͻתߡ
ʱЩ񲣬ݵıӰЦŭӣΪ⵹̫֮λɣζΪѩޣ㰤ǧУʬζɱа֮ˣ㻹δ̫ӣǻϣ˻ʵۣٻ£
Ц̶䣬ɴһƬѪ߲ȴ⣬ȻЦֹ
ݴչȥ乬乬񲡣
Ҳ̤
ʱԪڡ
֮սսĲ˯Ϊݻû
ڴշת࣬ҲЩ顣
ľƣѾԽһһˣЩʱ֮ײ֪ݰ˶¡
һδ˵ȳ£Ӧ˷͵飬¼̨֮Ҳ֪оƽˡ
ĿţźȻ죬ϤĽŲ߽ݡ
֮ûۣװ˯
ŵȥһ˿˿˴齡
֮ûжΪǰЩʱһ㣬˺¶˯š
ȴȻһֱֻ۽˹ȥ˲뵽һȵĻС
֮׺һͣɫںڰʺΡ
ǿԼƽȺȴָо۴иӲ֮׳˯ˣɻ󡭡
ⶫôÿӲأ
Ͳ


56 .  ׽   ָָ̧ԼĴЦһ
Ȼǲ۵, һϣ֮Ҳһû˯
ѾʮˣȻǲϰߵġ
ʱ, ҪװԼ¶ܺõ, ݽڸʱ, ͸Ͻøﶼ۵ûš
֮׳˸, һѾЩ̺򲻹, ˳֮׵׿ȥһЩɨѾߺСˣѡ˼ӲŮ
ԴԪѾС˶, Ҳ˼ӣֻһǹģո, ЩȻҲΨǴ, ˲ᵽһܹܵĿ⡣
ƽź֮׵ģһʮСѾͷ˫
֮׸߼ĸŮó֮׾ܾ, ͲôҪ˷, Լһϰˣ˫ҲǿСͳȶµ, ķϳ֮׵⡣
סڹ, Ҳ˲ͬ, ֮׵˺ܶࡣ
Ԫ뾩бԺǺԶ֮ױʱȥ¹ùãȻôһ, ȥһֻʱʼմɴȻñ˳ҪЦһԪͷ¶棬ҩ˽˭ء
³֮ͷΣоֹҪԼλɲ˿飬ű˲ôֻܻݵ
ճ֮˼񣬳ǰȥ˱Ժ
еԺſڣ֮ױ˫̧ͷǰվżİСˣǼС˾ʶó֮ףϹϾ񣬳֮׿ЩɻΪЩŵġ
Ժڣ¹ùòҡͷЦŸ˵ЩӸ֮ˡ
֮׸ɻˣ飿ôΣ
ΣǶء¹ù׷ܵģССֲϣ£ѾûرԺסˣ
֮׾ȲѣЩӼ˾˴󵨣֪񱳺ԪұˣмҶܻأվȥѰ˭˻
¹ùæס֣ЦԷǵ뵽ȥˣѹӹӣ׷ء
֮Ƭ̣еĿɿڴ֪󷽺룬ǸŮϵ֮ˣݼͱһΣҪɡ
ɣ¹ùȴЦ̣ûƼӹӶĵӣֻѾͷСڹԵĿ̫ˣ˲ն̬֮£Զ֮ģǣȫ컯ɡ
֮ȻҲ¹ùõģܴˣίȻԼѰ֮ˡ
¹ùų֮˺һ˵صϡ
³ɻЩӣԲ
¹ùʵƽ֮ȴԴѪɫͨ죬ҡҡͷδǰ֮Ҳһʹùá
¹ùǻûԲһ˿ǣ£
֮óǼϸϸĸ¹ù˻ϵļŮӣȻ˵ùãҴɼ檣⼸ļŮӺأùùҲһ
¹ùüΪҪ檣³ɻ飬ôͼЩˣ
֮ɫߺһˣû̺£ң¾ţ˭ˡ
¹ù̾˿ԼΪ˸ˣĻ˲ģңϲǺã
֮ԵǲǸãҵİ֮ˣ㲻֦ɢҶˣδҲЩ帣
ɵѾͷǵµް¹ùúĵϲĺ뱲ӣ°һˣ㣬ҲĲġùһϯȰЩͨͨߣҪʲô֮£ģҲδҪɡҪģ¸ϿԲϵµãùñҲˡ
֮ײòϵĻǰ¹ùû͵͵һСƿ
С˵֮ãŮӵһζЩ۵ģܺúܶࡣ
֮ɫˢֺˣԵͷСƿ
ʱԪڡ
ߺѾߺС˶ţһĴ⣬˴ΣԴӳ˻飬ݸǽкõĶ˳֮ףȴǰ΢ó֮ǻš
֮׿ݲϵĸˣ˼ں󣬷꣬˫˶ǲ˳ȥ
еò׼Ķ̽£һʡ
꣬Ц֮׵˵޷
֮һеŵǹһ£֪¡
Ҳ檵ġ
һ˵֮һ˱㹻ˣǣ֮١
֮ҭںĻò£˿Цã֪Ǹø˻ǲˣֻװϲԷ
ﻹСƿ֮һƬᣬݲ檣ͱóеӸóеΡ
ʷı䣬һ࣬ݱҪϣ뿪ǽʱ䣬ΪδΪ̫ӵҪ̵档֮ͬǣݼ㲻˵ģ֮ҲԼӹǺǿ׳ˣһ굽ͷСûУΪһŮʵ˵ȥ
һ׼ûеĳ֮ףǽСƿѹͷ֮£˯ǰ㷲
࣬ס˳֮Щ֡
ۣ֮΢΢е㾪ȵС»δ˯𣿡
˫ۣų֮׵֮ףǱңǲ𣿡
Գ֮һ㶣æת΢¹⣬ݵˣûвˡ
ݴЩͳǲϲҿȥƫ˯
֮æº˵ʲôԪȥƫ˯ᱻ۵ġ
Ȼ̾Ϣܸоó֮ײϲͬߡ޷ģǱ۰ˣڹʱҲ˷顣
˵ݱҪ齡
֮׽ס֣µˣҡȻϲһ˯
ȴҡҡͷί֮ƭңʱԸͬ齣ٻ
ݴýѥվ
֮Ҳ˼Ҫߣæڴϣӱץסݵ䡣
ļίһΪԼ֮ױץǲߣнĶݣҲãĪҪȥƫ˯ˣվǰǶҪЦԪȢ˸ĸϻءҡȷʵǻӦ˹Щʱնû˯ãûвһҲŬӦȻ˵ſϼ
֮׵ﻰǻ
ԣתǹ㣺֮ÿ׽ңұ֪Ըͬˡ
֮΢㶣׽
ָָ̧ԼĴЦһ¡
Ҫó֮ɫٿȻ̡
ްԲӦõģһʲô
֮ױһȥ飬ҿԷһץݵǿԼӲǰ
Ƭ̾ͽһ𣬳֮΢΢̧ͷϢ価ϢŶԷ΢˫ս˫ۣȥ
һƬ󣬳֮ױƿ
ɽһ˲㱻һ˫ǰס֮һоǰ֮˵ͷѹٴסĴ꣬ɵ˿в繣ʹúͣˡ
֮ɲǼһƬհףֻ顣


57 .     ǴˣҪβҡ
ĳ, ûˡ
֮һƬµģһȻûȥƫı¶˯, Ȼǿʯͷֶһҹ, ֮ѾЩ߳ܵϰ, ҾȻһҹȵĻ˯ߣǳɻһһ͡
˫ʱ, ͷЩˡ
֮׿˿Ա߿տҲĴ, ʵǺʱߵģ
˫Ϊȹʱ﹫̺˵˯ᡣ
֮׵ͷ, Լȴ
Ȼڹסˣݻǰȥ, 糯֮Ҳһϯ֮λ, ȻƽǰȥҲֻһӲʲôۣЩºҪæµ˺ܶࡣ
֮ҽ, һ߿һ, ҽʱҲ˺󣬳֮ױ̽һЩ֢˼ǳ, ֮ײòʮֵľ, һѽھ, ͸㽫ߵԴͷҡС
˫ˣһ½֮׿һ·ܵ齱, ᣺ǣ˺һᡣ
ôˣ
֮׷ᣬ̽ͷ
˫ع˿Σû졭
֮ˢһˣѾͷ뵽ȥˣ軻µı죬óȥɡ
˫ֻñ½ֳȥˣͽڵĳ֮׺뵽Լ˯̫ãӦЩˡ
֮ΣǳȥԽԽˣɻþûȥ̽С뵽֮ǰµǮӦҲǹһʱգ֮ױ·ЩСԵ۽ĸȥ
Ȼó֮û뵽ǣʱȥǼʱǷŸڲݶտС
СʱѾԹȥˣһƬϻвսӡһһ顣
֮״һ˽Сá
СڵϣСҩǿӲĸȥڴʱɫ찵ˣСĸղ£ɫҲúһЩ
֮ȸɾϵնɾĨҩࡣ
С󣬿ıǳ֮ĵ
˽㡭
СɤӸƣ֮׵ķٺæĿڵ˷ˡ
֮׸˱ˮʵɻкδܣ
С˿ˮһ˿Цҡҡͷлл˷ˡ
֮Щֵķ̾﷢գԻһ˶ûУǲǱ۸ˣҸЩǮǲǲ
СɫȻЩǮˣûбܺãұǮԣȴҹ˯Ǯ
ϵҲǴģ
СһҪ޳ı飬ͷ
֪֮̾ЩСȻС˼أԲ͵͵СǮû֪С˼ֻǮһԣ˼Ǯۺء
ɫˣЪҲҪȥˣһұ
֮׸Щʳϣֽںá
Сȴ̧ͷ˵ԲˣãȴǮܲסӻɣֻҪ˲ʲôܰ˸ɡ
֮е㾪ȣŸնѣô֪֪ͼ˿̰֮ȫޣ˫ɾﾡϡ
һ֪֮һЩСĹȥģͬЩСһھҰų󣬼һٱһ٣һֱûǷ룬ֱСʱ򣬾ŰһЩСһĶȥˣͽһˣĿİײĽ˳֮ӵļլų֮׸һڷĵطԼԡ
˵Ĳͬһδ࣬ΪǮЩС˴ģ׵Сȭߡ
ԵĪʵϣͨ˶ǹȴͬգĳ֮ģмء
뵽Щ֮ݸһЦС𣿡
СԵɴͫף۾һ˲ϣּæҡͷұ顣
֮ױЦ㶼ûѧ֪Լá
С˿ߺ죬˼ٻػ˽ҪǮģȻûС
֮ȴıпԶĿɴʱɫ硣
úЪ°ɣһұ
СĵͷԼϱɺˡ
ʱʱ֮ײųصۡѻظѾڵˡ
ʣȫǳ֮׵ϲϺԼʱ϶һȦԼŶˡ
ݼԴƣЩ۵࣬˰һգĪҪ۵Լ
֮ǰЩɽ亣ζžöˣʱʳ󿪣߳Աҡͷ͵Щµˣڲæ
˵ų֮ױСݣʶСǰ˵һ󣬳֮Щ̣ϸϸ˼ǹ󣬲ſʵ£Сͷʵڿ뽫Сظ𣿡
ԣݷ꣬ǲǡ
֮׼㣬δ˵ԼڨЦĸĿڵȷʵظﲻ㣬׵İ취
ȴץס֣Լһ˫Ŀʵ֪Լ˭
֮һ֮ס
ݶԴ˴𰸼䲻һ˿ίҵޣԪۡˡ
֮Ƭ̣ͷ
ݼ״ЦЦʲôˣҡ
֮׷Ӧٶ˰Σֵͷ
䣬ݲִ֮꣬ײˡ
֮ѾԭأЦĲܾЩطһˣȻԼǰǰ㰮ίʱҪԼȥ壬֪ΪΣ֮״˿ȵģؿڴҲܿƵԽԽ졣
ǳ谮
ԭԼķ谮Ǳ۽ζ
֮Խ룬ɫԽ죬æԼ
˯ǰ˶ԡһ
ڴʱ֮ײȻӦһЩʱ˯ȫޡ
ԡصں󣬿ľǳ֮һŵڴ齱ߵ
л⣬ǹվڴǰһ˫޹ۣһίίĿ֮ס
֮׿ǰĿߣ˫ˮۣʱһͿ
˽ֻ£֮ױŵӣסݵǰ̧ͷѸٵһ£ȻҲƵ굽Уͷ¶
Цƿһ㽫ͷڱе˻
бˣסеȣų֮׾㣬Ȼ˯
ա
֮ȥʱСѾ߽ζĳˣڵСܻʶɫ֪֮׿СľȺСԡ
Сһ֮ףİӶ¾˵˷ˡ
֮׼Եļæ˱ˮЩԣһȥط
Сɻ󣺡ʲôط
֮صȥ˱֪
С¶æĳ˰ӣ֮ϸĵӸ죬ǣ֣
һ·ƽʻԪǰ֮״Сǰ׷׹֮
Сžǰ֮˲ǳˣССҪ£Һóּ֮ۿסСȴһ֪
֮׿ЩµӣЦС֣С
ҲˣҲˣкβͬ
֮״ССʮֲӦվڣɾһУľΣ߰ã롣
Сͷ಻Ǿִٵ̫ˣӲġ
֮׼״ԸһԵ˫ˮȥǼС
˫Ӧ£Ƭ̾˼ƽСѣÿ
Сڣԡ·󣬳ʱС϶ߺһƬûϴˮ裬Ҫ˵Է̣űֵƣﴩôϣղ֪ԭҲ˳˿
ϴһ󣬳֮׼˶ЩȣСȷʵÿŨüۣǿɰ
֮׺Ȼˣ˺þãȻСʱݺҲ㣬ɿɰ
Сϲ𣿡
֮׵ݸһܽظ⣬Цʡ
ССĵĽӹ㣬ӡŵ֣ʱ֪ĵģ൱
ܽظ⣬ͷ
֮׽࣬ʵ𣿡
С˫ŵ飬ܵ˾ţЩĿİͰ͵ҡҿʲôԸɣҿСˣĶɣ
⻰һ̺Ѿû֮̿ķЦСү
С𾪵˵ˡ
֮תͷֶ˫˵ճʱ
˫Ӧ£СŻعǲԼôͻȻͳү
֮תһ£ʱҪһ£ǵĻӣԪ
С˶ԭأɫŰˣ֮ײòЦŸĵǸκ֮ˣ˵Ԫƾ١
һ˫˿ɻ󡭡˵֮ˣƽ֮Ǹ﹫µģڵǰκεˣսʱ﹫֮ҪԪǰˣκСȻԸ
֮֮СڸϤһ磬˴ɨһԺӸϲãҪЩʲô׷׼ȥǰϤ֪һϤ֪С볣֮ϲö̫࣬ⲻ
ͻȻ˸Сʱ˺ܶ࣬ǼɰҲϲС档
ֱʱݴŸظ󣬲ŷЩһˡ
Сʱܵľָϣһг֮ڣСҪûϢĹˡ
ݿ䵭ĵͷûֻҪ֮׸ˣС˵ֻͬСèСһ㣬ֵһᡣ
ʱǸЦ㿴Լһĵѹһ֮ײˣһĬĳԼģ֮أȫȫչһԵСǸ裬ǽݼи⣬תͷиС
㿴ݵɫֺһ㣬СٷԵâ̱սľò׳󣬽˱ԼԺӡ
ֱ˯ǰ֮ײŷݲ˵ɫݸ£˿ǵʵǲڹʲô¶ˣ
ݳĬҡͷɲ
֮ױ㲻⣺Ǻõ²ˣ
תͷԹĿڳ˵նԱ˺ùҡ
֮һ㶣˵˭ֱЩЦãͬСȡ
ݲΪˡ
֮׶ȤĿ㣬ĪǴ˰ɣ
תȻһ֮׵ϸ֦׿ǴˣҪβң


58 .  ˼   磬˼°ٴ
β⳥¡
һ֮ױǿ˲֪ٻ, ʹɫͨ죬һ е¶Ȳѡݵˣ֮һҹûô˯, ʵΪǸʯͷ, Ħ
ֱʱ, ֮ײ˯ȥ
գһݱ˹, ֮Ҳ, Ϊջзǰ
Ȼǻؽģ֮ױСȥ˽, ˼µݣ˷ǰϾڵȥѰ˽, 鷳
һѧϰ, Сȳ֮ĻҪùҲ⣬ǿһ
ڶճ֮׻ͬСȥ˱Ժʶһ¹ùá
¹ùõϲЦտ, ԹСϲĲ, 꽥¹ùñԽϲСӣһ߸óʳ, һ߶Գ֮Ц֮׾ĳ, ĺӶϲġ
˵, ¹ùñС˸С˵͸С
֮һЩͷ, ˵ù㣬СˣòЩ
¹ùִҪ˵ŴǰûУ²ŸӦøպ˺ӣùûҪõġ
֮Ρ
СӣܲһֱССĽţôкΣ
֮΢㶣ûпǵЩ¹ùÿǵ
ջظ󣬳֮׿˼ʱǷ伮ڤ˼룬ĸֶ̫⡣
˵˴£æһ
ݼƿЦƽҲǿС˼һ˵˼
磬˼°ٴ
֮һ˵һµǵ´ϻۣʱһյ⡣
䳣֮ױתȥСԺ䣬ĵĽ
ǴԭأʶԼĲЦһ
СҲ벻ԼܵԪ˻ʼϣ˼
䶨ϲûףСҲ㼤ļû˯ã֪Լ΢ǳ֮׶˺ãĸܹܹӵԼ֣޻̸ֻ֮»ھһС쵴ڽͷ޳ͷ֮ա
Сϧļÿ쳣ùѧϰԼ䲻֣ԼԪĨ˺ڡ
ԴӷֶСã֮ױԼĺ󣬻Ըչ㣬˽Сϰ䡣
ԴСûЪϢʱ䣬ÿѧ䣬Ϊæµ֮Ϣ죬ȴִⲻԸùʳ
ԴڷѧдԼ֣еĺ壬СǿԼøӳһЩ¶ֻܽԼøΪܷ˼֡
һº󣬹дϢٲˡ
գϲ´£˾һ̥۴ϲձΪˣʹ
仹˵գ߲ڻʹ˾þòɢǴ֮ף۸Ϊϲǿ̥֮谮λҪΪš
һ¶Ů˫ȫ˺Ϊ֮ˣλֻǹˣ˭ҲСǶ褹Ҳܵﵥˡ
⻹˵ã褹͸еǰδеΣУŸѹμգ˵͸һػ
Ʒչ̥ƽ˳ĳˣ˵ĵλҪֱƺλ褹òʮ־
Щ飬ǰһĹ켣ʻֻ֪֮вһˣǰ֪ôģ֪ᱬսʱǹغݡ
쳣֮˽Ѱ̫ҽ̫ҽڹ˽¶ӹһˡ
ǰº󣬵ȻĪĳ˲֢ɲʱ̶һձԴˡ
ģ¶Ͼ˼հڵ̫࣬ҽԺ̫ҽַΣȴת˻в̫ҽܵ𷣣̫ҽԺֵĻ̻̣պ󣬵Ǹղ˺御
۵޲ѣ˺꣬;ٰգǶҪɥ¡
ȥ󣬻е̥˿ܣ褹Ҫ£ȴû׿ϣ»û£ѹʵϢ֪ΪξͷɿĴݵ˻ı
ı֮ŵŭ˵ǴԪ֮ˣ˺뺷Ļıʱڱ߳ǳ⣬Ҫս
ⷬΪǲԪͣԱҪӶǳйŭʱҲã֪Ԫף˻߽δܼʱϻأһ·صǱҪ࣬Ҫ˵ԽԪıҪķѴʱ䣬Ĳá
ʱĪ˵ʲôسˣı߳ǶҪЩ
۶ʱţһʱԵıʹûˣټֶԲߣεС
£ֵ̽Ȼ죬żնûһնۡ
д󳼾ټö歺׹ȥϨı֮˵ŭ𣻻д˵ܷɴٱӭս˴Ԫһ˵˭ǰȥֶĬˡмڣһ˸ҳսӭС
󹬵УгöףǬԪ⣬ԲȣƣϲҪǰȥıף˭˲֪ȥ˻ıֻҲԶˣЩҰĻı֮˶йߡ
ԼҲµĲУҲûյŰ裬޵ѰԼһϵ㣬ڵȺԼˡ
£ʮպةڳϷһۣŶ¶Բߡ
ϣԪս꣬˽֪Ϊҳ±³־֮սŽ幫׵ͣȻ·Ĺڲִ٣ֻ֮ػδȵ幫ݣ´ؾҲҪ£ֱӱϸǺҴԪʵ˲֮١
ٽ׵ı㵱ðǻΪҴԪ֮ͣߡΪ׵ģ˴ֱӱӭسǣҳ಻ûееıβƴһǴսʤЩС֪֮Ԫûмڣܹ޲ս޲ʤҳ߾ٸַǴսܣҲϵʱ䣬üʱԮǰȥ˴Ԫκһء
ة໰һ۶ʱ֮һֱף˿˴Ԫ
ȻһʷȴЦеʵةԼǣҲȻǵˣة˵ɣ֪˼ǹ˭ǰȥıӭս
ةڳ֮ϣĿбӣȻֻܲʽˣֻ½ȥȴջءڻϺҴԪǰԣȻɻǰȥΪף಻±䣬Ҳ˿飬ܽҴԪս
䣬֮ϹȻǰһֽкá
˼һûм֮£ԭʺϴӦΣȻѾǸ֮ˣá
һʵݣھֻһŵ㣬ǹ˳ƣɢүԣܶƽ鶼쳣˼ˣȻҲͲھۿǵķΧڡ
˼ȥֻ俿ǰȥһԣĵֵסϮһʱ䣬üȥȼɡ
ãȴ˷߸£褹㲻ˡ
ǬԪڿĨᣬԹص޵ľΪķңŭʲôޣδּǰȥı޺ͣպȥǲǻϵԾ
褹æ˲յᣬίĲУϣʵ琴俶δ֮ʣܾʹǰȥı˺ʧⱲӾҲ˰
۷Ļӻ֣£褹ֻ˵⣬ȴǲߣѧǰհɵķӣǲ˭ȰС
Ԫڣһλó֮벻ˡ
Ȼһǰ屧ǹٵ̫
̫ҹãӭ״˽һֱϵ˷ڱ̸Ҫ¡
֮׼ˣԽݺĲ濴ǰˣȻ̫ϵһ£ʼղ֪ʶչʱǺ֪ġ
֮ױڵȵʱδ˯Ƥڴˣڵݡ
ݿٵĲУǵôδ˯
֮׻˻񣬼ˣվڵ㣬ʲô¶ˣܵһʱҡ
ԣԭƽϣѵ˿ɫ
ǰסǰ֮ˣϢĨ޵ܰ㣬֮̾ףô죬Ҳ뿪㡣


59 .     㣬Ϊֵ١
̫ǹٺݵĻ, ǰȰǰȥıԴʱҲһܹ־Ļ, ˷˳, ݵӵ, ԴıڹеĹͳеλ
֮׵֪Ƭ̣Ȼ֪, ݻ뾩, ɿϵɫ۵ֱס
Ȼ˳ɻŶ̶², ɳ֮ȴôһãһԱȣѾ۹޵, ӵ˱Ľĵλ, ӵƽȵӣܹھ⡣һеһУݸģ׵Щŵ, õĶ˳֮ס
ʱԼǰί, ȴȻ˳֮ʮֵĸо
Լų꣬Ҳܱһ֮صʹȴıԼ, ˵Ըȥ
֮״˿̲ž, ǰ֮ʲôݶ, ֻķ
ݣ֪һֱеǸ֧ŵ, ʱǡһͬȻ˵ҪŬı㣬ʵУ֧ߵڵˣǳܹ֮ˣҿԷɵġȫȫĽж㣬ĵλ඼Ϊȡġ
ѾеӢˣʼձӻңܹǰȥı߳Ƶİǣս֮࣬ҵİݾͲһ˵Ӣ˰еӢۡ
̧֮ͷŹҫٿȻһЦ㣬Ϊֵ١
оȣΪ֮׻ȰգҲˣǳ֮ײͬǰȥıؾ̫ⷬԣúõھ齿ޣǲɢĻżչˣһӵɢүֻҪ֮׸˱á
벻ǣ֮׷ǵûȰ裬֧裬Լ޵Ρ
Լ֮ˣΣпˣý֮׿ѰŮӣôͨ͸ҫۣ½ԼΪأԲŻ޷˵İǰ֮ˡ
Цִ֮׵˫֣ڴߣһǡ
ҹҪҵ޶λڶˣ޷⡣
һҹ˺ӵߣ˭ûľٶֻӵţţߣʶʱʼһͬЯ֣֣ಽߵ
գ֮ϡ
ھۻδּ֮ǰӧУ쳹ǬԪ
Ըҳǰȥı߳ǣػҴԪҴԪ븸ʳȫ
һ仰гȵĿͬȻ
۴һڵϵãų˵ģǶϷ֮ԣҪˣս֮ϣǹۣʱɥĿܣˣԸǰȥ𣿡
ΪϿңԸ⣬ΪԪ𡣡
ۺϲһá
ԭھּǰȥıҪôӦ»ͷŵ褹ݵӧ˿ձŵҲڼһ˿Ц⣺޵ĻʶˣּԪǰȥı̣ԽԽá
˵󣬾ۻЦŶݿĴȥػţбЩʱҲɣسޱǰȥ֧Ԯ㡣
л¡
ȴڴʱ֮һӰ˳
ʣǰȥıĻʵܣ븸ʳȫ
䣬־ΪʲôͻȻҪȥı
۳¹ŵˣ˿͵Ҫʲô
ʼû̧ͷߵڵأ֣أԸĻʵӭսıһʿݡǴսʤ಻Ҫκνֻͣ󸸻һ¼ɡ
ԣȻȥֲҪֲҪ͵ģ㳯ӻ֣ܵӦ˴£䷳˵һȥ
ʹˣı֮ս䶨
褹Ҳ˫ȹ֮ǰغ˭ȥӭֻ̣Ҫǰȥ㰲ġ
һٶó֮ϵгĿ࿴ƽﶼΪĬĬţκ϶͹ԷֺΪⱲӱǸ޴־ɢүˣ˭뵽ĵ˹ؼʱ̣ݾȻǵһվĻãǸԸΪҸ֮ˡ
֮ٸ˷˼˶ΪƹˤھǴˣȥı
ºܿ㴫龩ǣٰնȥıڳޣ˲СĸĹۣΪһӣܹڰǼΪģΪļͬǺݣѪ裬ûϹսûѪȣСʳȴܹ˹ؼʱͦΪ˱߳ǰգβ˶ݡ
в˵ΪʱڹⳤҲǲâ֣ᵽ֮࣬Ըǰȥı
̶֮գ֮˱㶼ݲձҪ
ǱԺڣ¹ùѾżоѣûкú˯һˣԴҪȥıϢɢʧߣɫҲ䲻á
֮״Сǰʱıɫ԰Ѫ¹ùã˫˫Уƣ֣״̬ʮֲá
Գ¹ùѾ˳ݡ
֮ײĵùô˲ϧӣС壬콫ʳ
Сæȥţ¹ù֮ϣ֮ǰ˼֣ͷ˲ٰ˿ȴڰֵҪˣʵûθڣԲ¡
֮װ΢üͷ¹ùõùò㣬Ҫ
¹ùҪȥıûȰجΣǵڻıиôҶҪûһӣԼʺ󡣡
֪֮¹ùǳɼס¹ùõ˫֣ù֪б㶨Ƕ£ܹаǰȥضȫԼùĪҪ¶ڻЩǣǿڿڳ޵´˷Ӣ֮𡣡
¹ù̾ɫ̻̣Ե˽£ɷ¶иһܹģ
֮ԣҲһǰܹģԼǰ䣬Ȼݴȥȫʤɲ֪ˣȻأԼûһľᵣİĻȰݡ
һգ֮ײٶ˵ʲôúõϤ¹ù࣬˵˵һЩҳСŶ¹ùÿģܹɢһЩ񵽱ϣʱ󣬳֮ײŻԪ
ظ󣬳֮ױʰݵκ˲֣ҪԼΪҡ
̺ݹˣгԴöȣڷţϲõ벻ϲõģ֮ױ۾ܹһ
֪ı䣬ȾǻҪ䣬ѹתǵ＾ݣı͸Ǻ˰գŻıʮ±ѩƮأ̹ǵϽǳе£ǺӲĽƤ絶
֮˸ݵУౣů֮¯СһģѥǴ˫֮࣬Էһ˫ףֻʱ̫ţ׷ļªů֮ûɣȴǲÿ֮ױִӾ˫ʵס
˷У¹ùִôͶ񣬶ʵأ㹻ů
ʰһʱ֮ãδ׵֮ȴ˿ۣ޲ðۡȥıˡ
ݻظʱıææĳ֮ףһԵ˫ǶվڱϽŵĿţ֣֮ȴãЩǺһġ
̤ʱ֮׶δ
ֱ˻סԼϤϢ֮ײ֪ݻˡ
֮ףϢһɣЩ
Щ۵ų֮׵֣ߣΪ˱ˮ
֮Ĩ¶ĺӹյЦ˵ҷĲ£ëëţʰȽ׵©ʲô
ůһţЦ㣬۵Լ
֮ҡҡͷ²յסݵֵҲֻۣԼûаﵽ㣬оҲᣬ̸ֽ಻ȥıҺʲôæϣֻԼûкúѧʲôƲߣʰҶҾͬһˣչϣܼҡ
ԣЩȣû뵽֮ġ
ܰ࣬Ƕİ뵽ʲôһЦһҪŵ˴εҵС
֮΢㶣ʲô
վһȡȻһЦҪֻºտ׼ϲ㣬аա
֮һʲʱɫͨ졣
ʲôȻʱ׾ƵöɫңѻӷûζôȥŤŤ֣ѾĥҵĴҲϿˣΪѹףû뵽ȻմϣӻҴµڡ
֮׿˪ЩõҰ˺ƨɣֱԵĻˣպٸһ⡢ˣƼǻᱻЦġ
֮˵űҪùӵִⲻһ岻֮ͬҵĵһұҪʱʱ̴̿ߡ
˵ۼֿĽöһԵ֮׼״ֻա
ʰʲôʲôֵ̽ҹֲ֮ף⽫Ķˡ
ڶգȥһ˾ǱԺ¹ù
֮ĬĬΪǶ˹˷ţ븣һͬ⣬֮óһ׵ݸ
һܳĽӹ֮˵˳ģ˷Ҫŵһȥıɲܻûչ˺õ£ԼȲˣպˣҲڵ࣬Ҫúõչȫ¡
ϲЦտףЦŵģūڣὫµճ̵ڡ
䣬ﻹһҶı飬С˵˾䣺£õкνӴŮӵĻᡣ
֮ԿЦãΪεԼıְɣ첻ҪЩеûġ
ٺһЦūŶ㵽ĸ󡣡
գʱǳ¡
Ƶľ㼯ڴˣƺƵһͷ
Ϊ֮ˣһڽףͷУ̤ѥ筺ɫ趯
ֻһƥɫսϣڳµȴŹǰʥּ̫࣬ʥּϣҲ뾩
еվۼڴˣۼλӭսĻӵݣ಻Ⱥ
¹ùõȺ󷽣ԶԶĿųĨͦεӰͷϸϸĸ¹ù֮һԻʱʱƴڻĲ䡣
ڽβ̵Ķ¥ڴ߹ºƵ֮ȺӿȴֱڿһۺɫȹϤӰ΢΢ͫס
ΡȻĳ¥֮£һٻӰ΢ңܶٱú
ϵڿ˺΢
֮״ڴվǰͣ£ЬȹڽȾ˳ɫ԰ף˫Щ
ʱڸһΪЦŸ˵һҪ쿪ʤѾƽ͵ֵ
ɵ뿪ۡʱ֮׵һӾˡ
һʱѰһʱһ̶Լڸţֻݡʱ֮ײʶԼҪݷֱ𣬺ܾúܾá
ݣһȥһȥıҡұ֤㣬òã
֮ңЩ״Ρ
ݼ״æ޵֣һѽ뻳С
֮ۿˣӵݣһȥɡ
ݽסǰ֮ˣҪԼĹѪУڳ֮׵Ķ߳˵֮ףһһᾡؾ
֮ҡҡͷؿڣ϶մȾۡ
ҴӦ㣬һʱ䣬𣿡
̧֮ͷ޻Ũأʳԣұ㲻Ҫˡ
̧ϵ飬Цãʳԣݷ򡣡
֮չա
˵ֶӶЦ
֮վڳ֮£ԪģͦӢ˵ǰʻȥֱӰڶǰʿסҲֺ
˫һ缲æΪ֮ϡ
֮׿ŴжԶȥļӰþòܻ
ػһûݷֿһ£һ£֪һѰ
񣬲һ¡¡£ǳ֮á
ʱֻҪݶԼ󣬺ֻҪ̧ͷܿЦգкεѣֻҪܸһ𣬱ܲǧ裬Яֶȹ
֪䣬ѾǸˡ
֮ڲ֪Ҫݷֿжôİҡ
ٲʱʱǰɣ˿̵ôĸȷ
Ըݷֿ
£ڲ֪ʱбѾǸ˰ա


60 .     ԭأͷ˿Լ
Ԫʮʮ, Ļݴǰȥıоִ࣬ı߳ǡ
ͬ, ʮһµ, ӵ幫劼, ͣսͬʱ򾫱̻ؾ, Ԫʮ, ˳ִﾩǡ
߳劼Ļʱ˼ŭһ, д˽ԹԣȻΪԼͷ, ǲķ, ʹһЩʵԵĹΣˣһ±
Ԫʮ, ۱üȥı, ȴӵȡʤսԮԿӦԻıˡ
ھнӵս, һĿ࿴, ͬ˶ЩĻ, ˭Ҳ벻ʱҰһˣ¾ܴŴλ˻ıַԼ꿴ۡ
俵е, Щҡܹʤ飬⳯еľƣҪش仯
³ζչѩҲڻ΢΢ɬȷѿ
ǳ֮׵һûһͬ꣬ȻǴСһͬȥ˾ǱԺ¹ùúһΪ֣ɳ֮ǿģݣҲĻ
ΪһЩǵʱ䣬֮ױеľúСϣıǰȥϻȥټһСĹΣ˯һҲæµȹ
ԽĺһΪմϵ̵Ĺ⣬һΪ֮Ϊ룬ӲȡκһǮǼѣ˶ɣ˿ڿഫвƶеİգиͷȱ㶼ϲþҩ
ƽ볣֮߶ģֿѣةฮӣˡ
ʱԼ¥УƷЩҳ˵Ȼݼةฮյݼż߱صԼ֮׳̸֮˵Цһ
Դ뾩ʵƤԣﻹаھŮʱģ
˵߱Ǻһżݸ˳֮ףΪΡ
֮ЦŽӹţϸϸʱʱҪеݶЦ̧ͷЦݼǷſӣ칫ֳģĪҪˣοڵشƫԶݳǣ˭Ҳ֪ةŮЩйŮĹأҲգȫǡ
ԾЩͷҲѿֻҪݼĿģ巢٣ܹãݼһӵĴ㡣
֮΢־úϺةమŮУ޵ĺ棬尲Ŀģˣةฮһкѡ
֮ײЩ۵ݼة칫˰ļˣɷ
ʧЦų֮׵ͷȲЩ
֮׺Ȼ̧ͷ˵칫ӣһ㵽֮ʱаգ
չһЦЩգ䲻ʮɣа-ųɰɡ
Գ֮׵Բ۾һμߺǫģ֪öôг񣬳֮æ豭Ǳǰ칫ӣܹһ°״Ԫ֮λ
߾ٱףأתԵҵ°ףкαʾ
֮΢㶣룬˿ûҪʲô֮ߴ˷ʣףһˡ˼˶Ľ飬ֿѣȷʵӦҪ֮ʱʾ
֮˼һЦұҪúһſɣ²֪
΢Ц᣺ұҪ°ײſɣΪ˲ĺ񡣡
֮æڰ֣ڨЦǧĪҪ̫ڴͶã֮㲻ϲǧ򵣴
ЦҡͷֻҪұػء
⻰Ǹ˳֮ѹֻܻظڤ˼ϲʲôȻʵ벻˫ȥ̽ˡ
֮ŷݣߵκˣ˽⡣
µףӭ俵ĳ񣬾۴ԪGּʷŮΪǾ븮Ů
ΪŮȣȢŮڳ֮Ԥ֮еģһҲŮֻǲգӯѳɷˣһλŮ褹Ǳùϵ⡣
俴褹ڹжϣǰûݷΪ˰һȥıҲˣȴ龹ˣŵʤ褹俶ˣڿʼݵĴڣݲھ֮ʣ£֮ˣ£¡
һʱпƽͷʢʵʰӿ
³ӭһεĿƾٵԡ
ةฮճߴʣΪ˴Ԫ˲ѧ֮ˣڵпߣ֮ة಻ضá
հ˭Ҷӹɣʮպ󣬷Űĵ죬߲δȥ¥ŸԼ֮ǰȥ
һߵĳ֮ףҲѾҴææ˸ߵĺ񡪡ֽī⣺ʣīֽ⡣
˴Ǯģʵߵϲʲô֮Ȼ֪˫ģةฮӲŸ峵Ķţٷ磬ϲʲôʲôֵͦϲġ
¥Ÿڣ߹ȻЦĴ棬һıīֽˣҶԳ֮˵лұصء
֮ЦǲǶ˭ⷬɣϲ벻ϲ϶ֵĻϲ
һ㶣˼Ƭ̣ʧЦҲش
ⷬĬϣó֮׺ʵ͸¶һϲã˵ϵĲ˰ɣ㰮ĸ
ͬʱɨۿһϡȣ¥ɫ㿾ѼϺ඼Ǿ֮ζǲ˵޲ڡ
ȴЦ̧ۣҡͷûС
֮һָϵİʳѵ칫ӣЩǷŵ֮ŷǲˣЩ㶼㵽ϲʲôأ
Цⲻ˵ңʳ
ԣ֮סˡ
߸˱ˮֵȻж˿ζ嵭ұ㾡֮ͬҾеľ¥̼֮
֮׿ȻһƵģʵߣζ˵꣬ȷʵԣд󲿷˶ǲģҪٶڷ˽ѣҲ޹ֺʳʲôϲá
ʵϣԭʲôϲð
֮ײЩͬ칫ӵز¶Ǳ˲ҳ⣬ֻҶӣǻ
߱ⷬݶЦˣûٶ˵
㷹󣬳֮׻ŵʶ꣬´÷ʱұ˵һ¥ŷæһˣһԵľˡ
Ц⽥ŨұԴ
ǰ֮߻תԼ
ȴϽ°ûвȣһ㣬ۼҪˤڵϡ
˫ϽǰҪȳ֮ףȴǰһӰӣ֡
ߵָոմ֮׵󴦣֮һֻץסһſԼסЩˤӡ
龪һЦЦعͷʱѾջ֣ЦŶġ
֮׳ȥ
ԭأǰнԶͷ˿ԼտҲģ˿Ȼʧ


61 .     һĪʵҡ
֮ÿ¶յһݵױ, սΣἷʱƽ
֮ҲݴǱϲ, ˵ҲһЩС, ճԵЩûеС, εζһʮδϴ, ԡʱͰڵˮˡ
ȵС, ʤ
ɳ֮׿ţȴЦĺϲ£, ʱһżҪźüóÿοǵһοһ㡣
֮Ҳݻ, Ǽҳ, ھһȹҪ߶һ˵ݻʱ
ÿ»ż, ˫ÿÿ֮ǰܶűֽɵЦһʱ, ̾µɾ£мӡ
⻰˵ĳ֮׶ס, ع, ̧ͷУ
˫С, ȴͨ͸Цżʱж͸¶ŨŨ˼֮顣
֮, ҲЦ̹ȻԼġ
ǰˡ
룬ǳ룬޲һ£ȥıѰ
һֱΪݵĸ飬Ǻ¹ùһУֱ£ҲʶԼͬһ
оǰ³಻һʱĻϲ
ǲûˣֿĿڶ尾κ鶼Щ̻̣żֻʮȸԾģԼҲһı߳ǵľԼвǻÿʱӣһʱϿȥ
֮ˣݻҪ׿ڸǹȵġһС
ѮּΪοƾٵĶ֮ŹۼΪ״Ԫδʣ֮ةӣиǰͽȻֻǸССƷԺ˭ҲСơ
ԭҪΪָģɵˣ͸¶ԼİŮӡ
Ҳһ˾ǹȦ֮ǰ̤ةฮ˱㲻ˣΪݼ֪ݼھˣ㶼׼ةฮΨһĵߡ
ǰ߻ԿƿΪѣЩ֮˱㶼ƿ꣬˭뵽۲ľȻ˵Լİ֮ˣʱ˲֪Ůġ
֮Ŷþʶ˾ãҲû˭Ĺ
˫ȴһСֹū칫ӣǲһ㡣
֮ǣ֪Լڸⷽ治˫꾡˵˵
˫״㽫ߵϸС£˳֮
ÿȥ¥ʱϵĲܲĵ㵽ϲϣ̸䣬ʱʱע⵽Ĳյòˮϣ칫ӶǺģС·ǳ֮ࡣ
˫˵꣬ҲЩ֪Լô˵Բԣƽţȷʵ㡣
֮˶һ˲ϸϸ룬ˣѵ߶ԼгѼ뷨
ݵޣд뷨ҲǷǷ֮롣
֮׶ʱԼˣ߱Щ룬˴ࡣ
ٵԼ֮ױ鷱æΪˣһܾΡ
ʧ䣬ףǳ֮־롣
µףԽ֮ױΪÿôȵĶȹֻҪݻؾͺãȻ²ԸһЩвס˺
սھпνǴͷԴǰԪ󣬱ʱʱھǾٰ룬ĻŹͳȨŮ죬뽫ЩͷﶼύʶһҲ֮׵ݹ
֮׵һյʱ٣ʼеģȻһûʲôϸ𣬵һպｫڻϵ£Ҳܼ¡
ԭƽȵĵ̫֮λǰһˣûǰձҲˮˮûʲôͻ㣬һٳԪ˲ͱòһˣҲ˸ı䣬ⶼǰûе飬֮ʮֵľӦԡ
ǰε֮׶ˣһεͷԪƽū͡
ūһģЦۣɤԪд£Ԫܹͷݱ棬ںղǵ¾׼Ĵ롣
˫ΪӹūűЦеˡ
֮׶ūǺģǰڹݵŮʱʱܿʱ֪ūһޣԶĮԶЦ棬ٵﻹ²۹ֹһΡ
ⷬȻ֮׿ܾ˿Ծʵ˫Щ˵ﲻԣȴ²ĸоһ硣
˫룬СϲǺ׵ҡҡͷū澲죬ȥա
˵գ˫һǰմ˼ӰԿɴϡ
ҲǣòףӭȥԼʲô˵ǼӰ֮СûǼӰĲֻ̫ǰȥ
պ󣬳֮һ˫һͬǰȥԪ
ԪԪԶнСʱ㵽ˣ֮δ뵽ſѾ˹ձˣһϯİɫȹ˿ŽߣĿѾһһҵľķţӺݻģٲ֮ǰŮǰء
֮׺ֱЦ⣬ӭЦտ㣬ڽء
һ㣬ֱӺë
ų֮׵˫Ƭ̣պƼˣҲǰıͣ͵볣֮˵˫λã˳֮׵Сۣв֪˿ţ볣֮׹ϵʮҪһ㡣
֮ǿԼ˦߻²֪Ҫıſںţ´ĳݣԺЩֵĻ֪˶ıǰЩأǼ¼·һЩʱǸظ
֮лĺ⣬ڵͷ
ȴЦͷϲʲô˵ն͵㸮ϡ
֮ЦЦûٽӻ
ԴԪţûЪƬ̣ʼհ࣬ʱţ볣֮ͬͬԣǵΪ䲼ˣ֪ɺϻʲôϵЩʲȴ󲿷ֻǳ֮ϲõģԪڣ֮ӦܳԵľˡ
µãʳ
ıͣһЩȨоС㣬֮λϺ۵ǰ˽λ£һͬãɷ
ةฮ˽ǳӼҸֿ黹ԴҪЮ񣬳֮¶ǵãڿλС㣬Ը񵥴ģ֮׻м˿øУЦŶ˵ǵһǰԪǳμ档
⻰һ˵˱Щ϶Ӳһ£ָļ죬ЦԳ˵Щø׽ûô࣬Ҳ˵Ӧһëкδ˽㣬ܺ
˵ձյһ£ΣıͶֶЩøС
֮Цһ£ֻöյҲˡ
һٷԵģθȫޣȫհ̸Ц
仯Ǻܴˣһ֮ô꣬Ҳû˵˵ʱӦ֪Լӯ֮ڱǵ͵£ӲǶ˻ˣƶĬĬһ㣬ºڲ䷢ĺá
ʱô˶ϲѹ֮ףնֻһԿţû侮ʯĸ磬Ҳûǰְæʱ֮ףǿһ֮һ㡣
Ҳȷʵˣʱĳ֮׾ǹ˶磬ֱӯݺŰĿ˿۵ĳ֮ϣ˳֮ףޡ
ѽȣӯ˷ˣҲ߳˶޷֮ôҲû뵽ӯĵ̨ĵգһ𣬼޸ӣһԾͷΪ˻׹ݣھȨҪССŮһֱ档
ĹȻ˾ڶŮıҲǾеķˡ
źϺõնǰ򿪾װľеۣó۵ĲҶֿʼ衣
ǺЦĿͣһַҲǼΪƯھй˵νĿˡ
նھӦţ˹ƷϷؽҪ߾أ˲輫Ϊ󣬱Сյµ׼λƷ
䣬ЩױƵЦЦ
ţȤȨҪȵҲǼΪ׵ģɶǸϺͻƷĹѵõĺܡ
֮ʼûдˮһĲյС
˫͵Ŀ⣬Сڳ֮׶Щַ¹ùʮ֮һ
Գ֮Цһ£ȻҲóµˣмʸ̹ʺģȻͬ¹ùñ⡣
֮ױصַھУϳˡ
˫ͷСʶҲ࣬ȴڽղŷԭʶЩǱϳ˻ˡ
һգţƷ˲裬˻ʱʱŽҪɢ
˷ûʲô֮֮ײУҲǸͨ룬Ͽռƺÿ֮ÿ˶չ˵λֺദֲģҲ޹ֺɻ磬ô˻ˣ˭˲ϲûֻ˵ء
֮ȣ֮׵ԵĮ̸ֲеӵģ
ʱԽǽԽΣֻҪû쳣ٴ룬Գ֮ױʲôҲˡ
ɢǰԶԶĽס˳֮ףһ·СܶЩ΢΢˵ĪߣմӦļ껨Ե辰УںԺأǰȥѡһϲĸϲĸǸᵽ֮ϡ
ĳ⣬Ҳ̸֮һЩ
֮׸ſܣǰپȨĽƮСҲڴˣЦ˵Ԫøҵȸˣλʶ񣬵Ǹһʡ
һԵĵҲ׷׸ͣ˴ߴų֮׿ȥԺĪԪһƬ˷ѡ
˵֮ؾĻ˺УֻգЦŵͷԪˣ˫һȥ˺Ժ
Ԫģ䲻ʹǰȴҲֵܵһĴСˣۣ֮״ǰԪЩԹһ㣬²ӦһԪضá
ԽԺߣԽϡ٣ȴҲ֣źԺŮǲڵġ
Ůų֮ߵһԺǰЦ˵£ɽȥѡλǰ׼һЩնҶ˵Ҫȡߡ
Ů˫֮׻ͷ˫һĵ񣬱˫Ůˡ
֮׶һ˽Ժ䣬Ժڿһûˣ֮һݣӰ
һӰ֮˸ڵأڡ
֮ɿбŵҩŷĵһͬȥΣʱ
ӰǣȥΡ
֮׽ĴţǵĿҲûʲôȷʵ˼ԣ֮ױ̤˽ȥ
Ȼ˶Ȼ߳һˣһϯٷδµߡ
߿֮׺Ҳ˾֮ɫ˶ЩĿࡣ
֮ɻѣ칫ӣôԪĺԺУ
ԴһԺҲ֪ǺԺӵǰȡһмūҵ˵Ⱥˡ
֮һаһ⡣
ɴʱű˴ˣһ
߼ǰҪƿţȴҲƲŷĲԾ
֮һǶ˵ŶǴ򲻿ġ
üͷ壬ôҲ벻볯Ϊûգ˵ݺˣѣֻǸ˷ӦǣԴΪٺ¼Щ길׶ƫУ£ңҲͬһ㣬Ըƫ̻ĸӣڻϱɣˣǵ¡
֮ԣϸϸ˼һҡͷ̾칫Ӷˣ۵˹ӣŴԼԪУұ֪թĵ²ھУĨĵ£ĵ𣬲˻϶Уδһ֡
˶Ƭ̣ͬʱЦ
һʱ޻ҲֻܾĵڷС
ʱԽ֮ԽǻţǺˣǲ֪е뷨գ֪ƶԼ⣬͸ó֮м尾һһӣ˼ΪԲݵ¡
֮ԼŲӦӰһȻҲᶼڡ
Ƭ̺󣬻ȴ˳Ĭ˵֮ǰң
֮һЩΣæҡͷϡ
ȴһЦؾΪѣǰ˼ǲܣֻǵΪֿѣ룬ûԼһЩԽˡ
֮΢㶣ѵˣ
ڣʼ볣֮ױһΰȫ룬治ɫ˵Ҳ֪ԼЩٴ⣬⣬Ը֪ңҶ֮ĪһЩС϶ʧֿѣҸеźûؾҪѵˡ
˵ĳϿң֮׼Ҳʼº仯ֻΪ˽ᣬ϶˿Ρ
֮׼״ȻЦȻࡣ
ʼս칫ӵ޻̸ѣҲԣҪڴ˸칫Ǹǣ֮ǰȷˣС֮ĶȾ֮칫ǧҪǹϣǰһá
ⷬ˵֮꣬ĸߵǸǹڲϣΪ˫˵꣬Ӧ⣬˭뵽һ˼ѹԼûǸ˼ϸˣةฮչӣһ˲δǰ;ޣԼôţ˼һῴأ֮붼ЩԼ졣
ЦŰ֣ʾǸ
һ˵֮ױЦЩڣȫûˡ
ߵЦ˵칫ڳܻϴͻ飬İŮһ£ǹӱŵİɣ
Ƭ̣ЦǱţȷдˡ
֮һȴ֪˼ҵ˽£̽Ц칫Ӿ׷İŮӲãɸ֪ңŮҵ˼ܹһ֪һЩģܰ
߿ǳЦģЩʧƬ̺ͷӦ£á
ȴȻʹЩľˡ
վԭأǰұ¶Լ˼ϲɫϣų֮Ц绨գǹɬбѹȥֻҪǰ֮˲ٶԼֿкβֻҪɵ˵˵á
˿̵ߣϣԶҪ򿪣Ҫģ볣֮׶ʱ䡣
õʱǶݵġ
ʱ󣬷Ǳ˴ˣȵա
ƿź󣬿˿ߣֿ˿֮ףɫˣתеǣȻԼŮ˷ڣʮǸ˵һѾ˻ظˣⲻ֪ЩֱŵѾ˷ڣҡ칫ôҲڴˣ
տ˵Ŀ⣬мӣԭһһңмԶȴһͨԵǶ˺ʲôɸ˵һ㡣
ɫĻشյʣյ֪ǰǹǸҵ治֪칫Ҳڴˣ֪ĻýֻǰģңӦŽһ𡣡
֮˿ãü˵˼칫ڴʲô֮£Ƕװף۵ĶܿõǸˡ
æԼŮŮ˷ţתͷЦЦ˵Īʵݽ칫ӵףֻǾ˶֪칫ӹϵǳʱ˽»棬ˡ
䣬ŵЦǽ칫ûʲôҸҪǸˡǽ칫ӵͶϣҲˣҶ칫֪ĵ²ھУȣҷģ֮˭Ҳ˵©죬¶֪£Щ಻ҳȥҽ˭©˿ڷ磬ҵһǡ


62 .     ˿̿ų֮΢Цἰ
⻰˵, ֮ЩЦ߶üͷ
̿Ǵĺã֮׶֪Ϊƶ, Լ˽¶й, ˵ĺ, ⲻǾǱŷסǶ˵İѱ
ϧ̴ˣ֮ʼպҲûʲô֮顣
Ԫ˼ǹ, 칫һ, Ϊ־ͬϵֿѣҪ˽, һˮϴϴˡ֮Ͽ˿գЦ˵ĵ䲻ھ, ҼȻ, һһ㶼ˣԪڴӲ²⣬ЩǣԵǿ, Ȼ, ţŽ˲¼ɡ
֮һ˵ĵˮ©û뵽ϵ˿졣
ʱҲв, ˵ǰȡ, Ԫȴ쵽Ժ֮, ֪ԪܷͣǴȥԪԺӰ죬Ȼһη, ֻ´Ԫ㣬Ĩ˺ڡ
ɫһһףǿջЦ֮칫ӶҪȫҵһԸλǡ
˵תƿţǣһ˵Ǽµģȥ췣ʮ壬ëë꣬˶Ժʰڡ
ˣҲ淣ˣջǸְѶһͬ͵˸ۡǰ
ʱջ㣬칫ӣնȥλۡл
֮ʼǱģƤЦⲻЦǲش¡
ȴһ˫޹۵ҪģлҲһý칫⡣
üͷʼţʵǲظˡ
֮Ȼֻ֮ϣ˫֪ڵʱ򣬶ʲôԼ⣬׵뿪֮ߡ
ظ󣬳֮һƣ˫ұҲû뵽칫Ӱŵһ䷿ڣĪΪ칫ӹйŮһңʲô֮£
䣬ӰȻ˵һ
֮΢㶣£
Ӱ˵һһֱ˰иʼûк±ûмʱ֪ȥԪ󣬲֪֮Ԫ֮ˡ
֮һͬʱһݣȻ֮ãֲ֪칫ӹϵҪá
֮΢üͷЩơ
˼Ƭ̧̣ͷӰ˵ɳӰǰȥԪʱ̶գΡ
ӰӦ£ȥ
˫һԵǵʵ¡պ᲻ᴫõۣ
֮׳˵Ѷµı֮ڣռѾǸЩ˷ɴѳˣ˭˶֪Һ칫һڱ˰ʱ֮ãûʲôҲȥʲôܲ´󣬵ʱһʮʮٵģ㲻֪ҪɺյǺƣⷬҺ칫Ӷ׵ģҲһ
˫˿żǵӦԣ
֮룬Щ̬󣬴ǹѳ¶ˣԲӦ䣬ӦԣΪԽǼԽͣԽԵڡ
ˣ֮׻ҪһЩ߶ȫǵİնţǺ칫޻̸ֿѣ
գչȻԼϺõʯ˼ƥȷʵǾˣֻǸδ棬δжҲ֮ײ˵ʲôǴˡ
вʮգȻԪةฮӼۣ֮̽˲ң˲˵Ĺע
ԼĶԻ
ԪС˵ǰЩʱԪةӹһҽһʱ֮ãйŮģһδȢһھһͲ˺¶ûУ
Ա֮˷ϵ˵ǱһǼ˶ϳˣǱµӳԪƽǰ׺͵Ԫ˷˺ݻ㻹ҥ
ңʶ¥Сǰܸ˵ԪһͬţϵõĲˣﶼΪǾ֮°˵׼ඣ˭֪ûè塣
䣬ԱһСȻ˾죺Ҫè壬ǶŶһƼԪةฮĳ¥ſأ̹ŲкҪڡ
Ծȵ˼ģǻ¥治ɰ
ͬļЦҲҲ²ˣھΪ̹˽֪ӣԪ䲻¶棬˵Ǽҩ̣⣬ſˡǲ˻˽¹ҡ
˵գҲ˰֮ģ˺Ȥ¡
ʱ¥Ÿڣ֮׺һ㣬ڴš
ֻ˲ͬٲǳ֮װԵĿζÿ̲˶һƬͨ죬űζʮ㣬ò˵¥ŷڣؿڣǶ罷žʳ󿪣ôʳĳ֮׶۲ˡ
߿һζģȴЦҡͷʱԼҳ㲻ЩԸӹ𣿡
֮һЦ칫ӲҲûоܾҵԽڣԽ鷳
ߵͷ뷨ıϡ
֮׽Ʒߵķƣ̶罷㣬Ц̵쳢¥ŷһζ಻ֻǲ֪ζΡ
ִ꣬һ⣬ۣڼζҲǡôᵽ΢΢Ĵ̼У˲Ծеڶڡ
֮׼״Цĸǿټ칫㰮ԵģЩζûа
˿ǿԼȷǺܾûгԵ˺θڵʳˡ
ǱҪʳһЩ
֮ԼԲ˼㿪ʼ߲ˡ
ЩĲӦΪƽţӦˣټܸԼˣų֮Ů˵ַǾѵģܹۼʶ߸ĸȷÿ˶ʣܽԵĲ˶Լڣ̺㵽
߶ⶼˣʵЩмܲסЦ˵㣬ҲҪĽĵˣܹ̺ĵºø
֮ŷ꣬ҡͷЦֻǲ˰ˣ˵̺˵ı죬ұ¹ùò˲ֹһǰأӦĵȢңֶˡ
ԷƱϼǲͬ⣬ĺãǾŮӶģԼδ
֮ЦЩȤһֻĵ»˹άңԭ칫Ҳ˵ЩάԼＸģǰܵԼĵµۣ޼ƣ¶Ҫŵ±ӻȷǷ˵ࡣ
߼ǵó֮׳ǰ˵ûŮ֮ģǾ仰ʼռ
ɴ˿̿ų֮΢ЦἰʱǶ᲻Ծ
еĲյȴʵĵµУǺͳǰһ𣿡
û뵽ʵ˽֮£֮Щϸ־ôûʲô˼˵ġ
칫ӣ֮ʼձģĵȻʼΪ飬ǳɻҲҶԵҪԣ£ҪҶĵǺУӦǰĽ֮գҵǱԼеҪҲٲһˣ̵ˡ


63 .  ı   ˣˣ̫֮λ㡭
߹ǽڷ, Ųյ΢Ĳһ¡
ȴЦ˱ҪѰ˴ֿ, Ϊ, ѰһӶȴ֮¡
֮Цյ, ԲƵĺˡ
֪һԼȻʮ, ܹ, ĺ֪㡣
Լ֮״Ȥ칫ԲѰ, ةฮĵչӣ״ԪɡݼﶼܹԶݣԼҪ, 칫ܹȢİ֮, ֻǲ֪İŮӣļҹŮ
ЦЦĬƬ, Ӧ, ֪Ů˭ˡ
û͸¶֮ױû׷ʣܹǱ˵ĸ֮¡
ֻû뵽̶պ, ϵּ, Ϊ歺ָ, һº󣬾Ҫٰ˵Ļ䣬ةҾ̸ġ
֮״, ôҲ߻Ĵ氮⡭ԸԯޣһԣһĶţôҲһȥ
ة׿ϣ֮׻ܹ³һ
ةฮʼղƫУڳбȢĸϵĹŮ볯һ׵ģȢһûкηݸ߹֮ˡ
˱޶ˣĸڹʼǲóģǰǿŰͽἧں棬ԴӼӵº󣬰ɾûѰĿɽΪ߹֮ʱ㽫뼧֮˵飬ֽ褹ɲ˳ۣûڹ°ӣɺڹйĲã뷭ϼѡ
ة࿴صģǰڹеĲóûֹΪãةฮѡڣةҲȢ歵ģ˷Ҳø
Ȼ³֮׸еȣΪ˽歺߶ˣаտɲã׷׵Եһݸ߹Ķһ˳޵ةӣݿνʮְ䣬ЩԾԾԵĹŮǣŵôϢò
ĹŮҲҸȽϣ֮
ʱ正ӵʥּ˶ԭأڹûŵһ˿һķϢ˵ͬ콵踣
ɶĵϲ歵ֲϵ˵正ĸĺӣҪˣ
歿Լĸһ갲ɷ䶼˰˿֪褹ڹﴦĸûа취۲ϲĸҲϲԼǰмڱ˳ڹд˵Ѿṳ̂ԼԺһˣֻ³ȥҪڣǸٲΪָ飬ҪˣѾ֪ٸҹجεԼ䵽劼ͬ³һ׵һȥı
Ȼߵĳ֣歶ԣһ㣬ˮȵеġ
Ĩᣬ歰ͭǰΪַᷢһƯİٺ٣Լͷϵ˫ȡ歴ͷϣ̧ۿžԼŮֵᡣ
正ĸܣЩίˡ
ʱĸ޷㹬õĸûʲôͣƽƽʺޣ˵ıҲһ롣ĸ㣬£Ǹǻӣĸȫ㣬ֻȥͷСĸĸκ飬ĸԵţֻΪҶڹֵһݰݡˣֻڹﴦֺӣĸ֪㲻ϲ㣬㻹ˣҲ֪ڷʱԼߣΪΪȴҪͻӵɫͷȻҶΪ
ʮĸԲס㣬źû£ĸڿ԰ˡ֮ʱĸЩµĺöޣʱΪٺ١Ҫĸ正ҴԪĶļ޳ȥ
歿ͭеԼͰɣ̧סɲ֪ʱƣ˼ʮڹе֣ٿȻһᣬͷ
歵Ĵڼг֮׺ߵĴűҲ𽥵ȥûиɺӰ죬˷һлԼЩõ۱ǲƣἰ
ʱԪڣռ춼ûôԶû뵽Լòľ֣ô׵ľͱ⣬Ҳ˿û֮״κӰ죬߸ˣ粻ͻͻ飬ƫƫʱҪӭȢȫȻæ
˸ٳ֮ףŵ˻ϸ֮󣬱ƶ߶Գ֮⣬ҲǸӵıӣһ߹ų֮ףһ߻Ŷ
亥ʱſؿ֮ϣδŴƣովһ-컵Ϣδɢȥ
£·ֵֵ£δ뵽ԪҲֶ֮ˣƷء
ǰȦίһ㡣
俰㷢Ц£һ˫΢еĪҪСǸŮڹ켣ģûĸǼˣȻ
ŽЦ˵ǣ̫Щ
龫ԳƵ
ѽ¡
俷һͷЦ⽥ŨԪһ֣Ȼ˴㡣
ղ̧ͷδ㣿
俴Цⲻʣʲôɱ̫֮λв
ü˼ö֪
ֱӷѹ£һǵЦ˵ˣˣ̫֮λ֮¡
վһ˲üۼЦᴸ俵ı۰һ£滵д˴Ҳ˵ء
Цֲʵٴγһ-µС
δ֮һӰȥ
ٽµ׵ʱ򣬳֮׸߱˷ݺȥةฮϣ³֮ʢװϯ歵ĳɻ֮񣬵ةฮַǷ֮ȥˣӸһЩƽ߹ϵĸۡϤǰͬ񶼹˷ݱлةฮЩϵ̵չˡ
ϣѿʱ֮׺һ˾бԺ
һԺڣ¹ùûδЪϢԺС棬Сǳ֮ˣæ˹ȥ
֮СԴЦ߶¹ùһգȥ𣿡
Сæת¹ùõټ
¹ùͷ̸㱸źóԵġ
֮һЦһһСϵԽĺˣղ¹ùûҪ߶һСΪβء
ǰ֮С¹ù⣬˹ݵ¡
¿˵һЩıս£
֮ҡͷ̾´ӲἰҲǱϲǵġ
¹ùüң˵ұΪҵżǱƽӦ˵һЩ㣬³ɻ飬㱻ȷ룬ùöĿھػѣ֪¶òܹ龩
֮ЦЦùĪģʱ䣬ܹ
¹ùֻܷſĵ˵ڸ£㳣СѰңĪԼĻš
֮ס¹ùõ֣ЦӦ¡
صԪʱҹˣСٵ˯ţ֮׽ƫԺĴϡ
ոӰͳӰ֮׻ڵŮ
ӰŸ˵̽һЩҪϢ
֮΢΢üЩأ˵
Ӱӻʮǰ׶ţڻııĵ£ǰ㼯һ˽½ʿһйӳ˷װǰȥıս֮ʱٰıڻҵдĵ£˦Ѹı֮ˡ


64 .     ʰȥı
һսı, 䣬һֱʤݱ쾩˱㶼Ϊݵս, ս޲ʤ, ڻıЩʱ, ʲô˵֪
ǷһҪսµѹ, һ滹ҪԼСˡ
֮˴, ǵġ
ֻ֪Щ֪, ҲЩ˵óѡ
֮üͷ̧ǰմµӰˡӰ, ȥɱӵʿ𣿡
Ӱԥһ˲, ͷûʮɵİܹɹٶһˣа˳ʤ㡣
мɣ
ɡ
䣬ӰòεĽ͵ѵʿҵѷɫ, ȫһԡ
֮״˼Ƭ, 룬̾ͬЩʿƴ֮ͽ, ǲͬ, ǵºմεӰ, ΪھǱһҪɥڴˣǲӦˡǰȥɱʿҪ, һټɱɾãҲҪ֤֮ǣ𣿡
ӰͳӰ˿ݣǶ˱øĴ㣬ǵĻӵȻĲֵɳ֮ͨȴǲһĸܡ
Ӱֱӹ˵ʶҵȣȻ˶˼ֵΣûĵºմǲ֪ںδնƴȫɱʿ
֪֮Щףױչ£ֻӰᡣ
֮׵ͷ˵ǣվϢ
ˣ֮Ҳûаϣϣһ׼
֮׻Ӱ˼ҩۣĶܰǵģֻЩ
һҹǲҹٽʱ֮ײ˰ʱҲ˯Ŵ˷Ϣ
ܳɹ񣬳֮״˿̵ĺǽţ֪ɵĻᲢ󣬵಻ûпܡ
ֱʱӰ˲Ÿ˶أ˻ѪۣһãǱ
ӰϵѪãüͷ֮׺ˢˢĹ£ߵڵأɱ˳ɹһ˸ѡ
֮վɣ˵ǿЩ˿ڴ׵
Ӱȴز𣺡ҵܣĵ¡
֮ҡҡͷ״ɵЦЦǲµյĽܽɱǲףӵҲ޷һʿûǲһԪһ·ˣܹǴ˾һʱ䣬мֻʲôֶλǲʿǰȥ
˼ˣ֮׶һԵ˫˵ʰȥı
һ˫𾪣ڵϵĸӰһ죬˫Щ͵ȥı
֮׵ͷתӰ˵ǸϿ콫ϵãһ·ϣ迿ǻǰС
Ӱһ㶣ͷǣʣ˳롣
˫ҲҴȥʰңճԴõȫװľУηΣԷ궼װˡ
֮׿ͨͨЩӵһߣӶûҪ˼Ѱ㽻˫š
δʱ֮״Сǰȥ˾ǱԺ
ȥ󣬾¹ùÿżɽ˵ùãСסڱԺһʱա
¹ùһ㶣Ҫʲô
֮ûıɱһ¸¹ùãֱԵҪǰȥıȻѸȥżӵˣżˣûмʱ𿴣±Ҫ飬Σա
¹ùԣǲĵü֮ףıս֮أûǰɣĪҪ£ʱҪ˼㣬Ҫæս£Ǻã
֮¹ùõĵģͷ˵˷͵͵ǰȥõ֪û£Ҳŷġ
¹ùȻҡͷĵɣùòͬһǰȥ·;ңԶӾǵıҪ£һջ޵Ůң·ϳ˺¿ô죿Ҫùõĵһ˲ҪǹİΣ𣿡
֮¹ùõ֣ŰοùãҶûµģӰңҴȥгҹ̵ĸ·Ӧܵı߳ˣǱߣ಻鷳ʱ켣ھҽУΪЩʿǾˣҲ°һЩ΢æաҶھУûеµϢŻĻţ֪ڻıǲˣս£ӻԹȥŵ°ãѰ
¹ù̾˿֮ѾȻҲὫС͵Ժˡ
˰ˣһģʡģȥѾҪʱʱùù֪㵽ģһ·ɻòã˵Ҫ꾡Դжÿ¶Ҫűƽ͵
֮һЦͷӦ¡
ǰС˱ĴڱԺԼŻԪ
ʱ֮µ˷Ϣȥ˵Ԫط纮齲˸ſȬ
Ϣʱ㴫ˣ̶ʱةฮ˶š
ʱ߾ֱЯǰ̽ǵó֮׶ЩЦã˲ˮߣһ¸
ҲЩ˿ڲˮҹˡ
֮ûӻתʵ칫»ܣӦæź尮޶ɣ
ǵЦ˼ֻ֣Ƿܵһûβͬ
֮׻ҪЩʲô˵˾ɢشԣΪΣ
֮룬û˵ҽҹʱҪǰȥıϢɢԽԽá
ߴ󾪺󣬽üͷ¹ùһ㣬ʮֲͬ˷УıһƬƵأӦϷǰȥΣѱĵ·ȥ񡣡
Ѿµԣ㽫¹ù˵׻ֶ˵һ顣
֪֮ԼսϰﲻݣԵݴǰȥı֪ԼУȥˣ׸
ʿɱһ£ʵó֮ѰһѾһ಻ͬðãȻĹһ֪ΣգĿ׼֮׻ںԼһӣɶǰȥݣڰȷǷпȷܱȫԼİΣȷʿ֮ײķġ
߿ų֮۶ݵģɬɶ
ûȰ賣֮ף֪ԼҲȰסģ۰ɡ
ĽܹôһˣȫȫΪη裬Ϊκ£ԼҲһˣ޺
֮ײ֪룬ʱܣԽĵıԽܱӵ˿һڻı߳ǱʿһʿҲŹ
߳սң֮֮٣ʱ߲ȱ֣ܹ°빦
֮ûд߹ã̶յĹ߱ةฮû֪ߴ˷ǰ
ҹٽʱ֮ײ˱һ۵ŴԼͨĴֲ£ϼ׵İ˫
ӰһϮ£Ŷңޣ۵һ·г˱ĳţֱټ
һµʱţҹ̡
֮׳ȴʳ·;еһЩʱ⣬ס޶ߵı޵ģʱٽĴũУǸһЩسڣڿջס¡
ǴسǶӰӰ˱ֻҹ·֮һ·С
һ·ǳʳסر˫ЩӦ£֮ȴ˿ȫޣ³ԿʲˣɽȪˮһͬеӰ˫塣
ǲ֪ǣڳ֮˵ʵڲпֻ࣬Ǳ֮رѰղ
ЩʱյǰУڵһ󶼳ǡ졣
Ǿı߳ǽ𶼲ԶˣǾսһ󶼳ǣսʹýʧأһܺıǷİǣİձκεؽ˶൱ս£಻֮Ǩ
֮״Ŷ棬ڷľ¥ţӰȥƥ
˫ڳ֮࣬ʱʱΪˣϤĵʵ㣬ϿڣұȥһЩ
һ£һֱԽʾˣ֮ҡҡͷ޷ܹɡ
ԽǱϣʳԽ뾩вͬ࣬ζҲƽƽ˫ʱųţܳԳһЩûο飬ų֮治ɫʳõģûٶԡ
˷˫ǶԳ֮˲СĸĹֻۣ﹫˵ǹŮȴ֪ܳԿ࣬ھʼȫͬ˫·ܲҪؾˡ
ڽﰲʳ߾Ǿ¥ڵذյ̸ۣһŨصı̸۽ս¡
һ׳ɵֻǻı뺷׳ҴԪʿǹۣĵڳ⣬һӶЩȣıûƥͬȫҳʿĵ£𶼳ʬҰԪʼ
ＤһԵȴƨЩı˲ûƥı׳һҲֵĵµΣصס𶼳ǣǲеĴҡ
׳ţ۵ұǽˣβ֪֮£ûƼĵµ磬ҶϲŻı֮ӮҴԪʿǣ
һ˵һ֪һЩ֮£Ųĵ൱ʲõʼɱڵоǰأԪսĻӣδܿҳ֮
׳оƣĨЦȻӱλ´սݣұ޶ؽ𶼼ũΪԪһ
ЦżȾƣ٩٩̸δս
֮һĬĬţһɱУĶᵽɤۣǰķ˽ԳԲˡ
⻹ֻһţ֪֮Խ𶼽ԽսصϢΪԼܵ糣²֪ôε
Щ̸ڵѪеˣķ


65 .  ҽ   УһɸúѪ
ҴҳԹ˷, ֮ױ˫صϡ
Ӱƥ󣬳֮̽ͷ𶼣컹ã
ӰҪʮ, ڼ仹Ҫ֤, , 첻ʮˡ
֮׳Ǳʮգִ
ӰӦ¡
ڷǲδʮյʳ, ֮, һһ·е𶼵׼
ʮӦ˫ģСС, Ͼ棬ȴҲû֮ǰ棬Ǵͨﵩĸ·, Ժ֮, ˫Щͷʹˡ
һ·ƣڵʮ֮ǰ˽𶼵ĳš
سѯʿΪǰ𶼡
֮״Ŷɴ, Եҵǽ𶼾ҽ, ö˷Ĳµӷ𶼡
˿֮׺˫ȴû, ̾Ȱ, ĪҪ, 𶼲ȫȥǵŲǣкҿɰտһ, оҽ٣ɷģǽǶˣҲþҽˡ
һƬģȴó֮һʱ˼Ƭ̣˵磬ɼҩǲˣұӷҩд˾ȼ֮ҩͨڣǣöٳǶɣֻΪ˿һۡ
֮˵ʵУ˫һĬ
һƶ˳ТģǽȥҪСġ
˳˳ǣ֮˿Ӱɨһ˵ĵµˡ
֮һ٣̾˿Ϊ˳аյİΣϸµĲ֣سԼˣɼ𶼾Ʋûô򵥡
ӳŽ𶼺󣬳֮ƿĳľ󣬵ڷǵַԱȲҡ
𶼳е̽մţŴ֮϶һգİȥʱֵǿһӰ·ֻг֮һнϸϸĴŽ𶼵Σ·Ե̻ãԽߣԽܷһЩʰĶϱڲкеķݱջ٣еķݱʯҵĿȫǣݵķ֮£ԼܿһЩʿ̵Ķ֫
˵أ治֪սµʵĿǰ죬ڽ𶼳ȴɪǡ
ӰѰһ˵ķݣЪ½š
֮ױԸӰδ£ǿ϶ǲ𶼳ǣóӰȥŴţǿӵˣ֮ʱɱֲͨմˣʱҪ¶ҵ١
ӰӦ£ȴĵһڳвȫͨĵ°ɡ
֮ҡͷãȥҽӪʱ˫ҩͯҡ
˫𣿡
˫ҡͷ򶨣ū澲£һ𡣡
֮׼״ЦЦģôġ
ӰֻܲȰ
һҹ󣬵ڶһ磬Ӱ˱ȥ˳֮أӰΣڳ֮ࡣ
֮ױϴӷҩ䣬Χ˫һȥ˾ҽӪ
ҽӪλ𶼳࣬һʱļªӪأسǳǽΪľǷǰصĽʿҽ㣬еʱȫսһ죬ȫԱʿ赽λмƣֻҪ㻹վţֻҪ㻹õ𽣻ӵö뱼ǰߡ
֮׵ҽӪʱıһص˱֫ȫѰ£ЩʿͷǱȥһ룬еſڵأлɴԡѪˡ
УһɸúѪȵζ
˫סڱǣɫ԰ףЩŻ¶
֮׿ľһϦ֮·صһŰ֮ʱʬҰľĿ
Ψһͬǣľǣؿ޺ҽӪЩ˵ĽʿǣûзκҽӪİֻһЩҽɫŵʩȡ
ܾģקһƬ֮ϣȲģ㽫ʬѻһ࣬ʱȴ͵ػ𻯡
㶵ĿʵһУ֮׾þδܻ
ʱҲ˷һʮ޽ǻ׵ľҽǰһڽ𶼻üŮԶЩڽ𶼣Щȥǣ
̤֮ǰժϵĲɫǴӾǶǹ̫ҽ֮ͽŽս½ҽӪǽȱˣ̤𶼵ؽ磬Ϊ˾ˣܹңΪս¹һ˿һ֮
һ㶣㾹ǴӾǶ
֮׵ͷǣͣ£յִ𶼡
ۿ֮ף´һˬһЦ֮˱Ů֮ãҹЩʿ㽻㡣
֮ѸӦ£ǰæҩʵνˣҲѰ֮⣬ֻЩͷǰ¶ʿԣϱ֮˱ˡ
ҽӪæµҪȳ֮лҪӦӲϾ˵ֶ룬ΪԴԴ˵ʿǰ
һ֮ҽͨһֱŮŮ޵Ľţֱ۵ʱɫѺ֮ײŵ֪ǽ𶼳ǵص̫ӪЩνľҽҲǽ𶼳ҩҽһЩǸУж̫ҽ¥ڣרҽνͻӡ
ó֮оοǣվھҽӪܿʵ¥ǳ֮һ뵽ݱϾӿĶ˱಻жˡ
ҹĻҽӪһյĲڽβЩҽһʯ͵ر˯ˡ
֮״˫Ъһ۵Ľ䣬ӻͳһ˫ӡ
˫ԵļҭԼһ¶ǣŻָЩ˫䲻ҽһ֮ף˱˫۶ʹѵ
תͷһڿڳŸɫ糣ĳ֮ף˫Ǹ޾µʱѾһƬѪǻҳͷҲͷһ۵Ļ˵ũҰѾͷ
˫ŶۣﻹǾĹˣûĸҪĿࡣ
С˵Ǳͨĵ°ɣ಻Ӧԡ
֮ԣһڱӣЦ˵οóԣοֲóԣѵкʿǣõԿ𣿡
˫΢΢ü򴽵ǲһ
֮кβһ
˫żǹˣĵµԪӣͬѰ˱⣬õ֪ڴūʮԴҲá
֮ҡҡͷֵһ£˵ֻƼҹʵʱˣ֪ǱʱΣڴ˾˱Ļϵļ֪̫Щ
˫죬Ǳϲٶ˵ʲôˡ
һζĿ࿴ӾԼûӣǣĪ˵Һ͹ŮĸŮȺ֮˫ûм䣬ֻǰһˡ
˻࿿Ƭ̣̫ԶǱȰӵƣ㲣ȴǷ͸ģһյƵƣ֮ǰ
ǼΪĿ˵ŮޣϷСˣЩҩͰַһģ˵Լǹ̫ҽ֮ͽǴӾǶ
֮վЦˣҾ黹ǳкδĲףֱԸ֪
̫һЦ治Ϸ򻹵һػȥ㾹
֮ʮֿ϶ҼȴӾǰزӣΪҽߣЩ۵ʲô
̫ĿᶨֶԳ֮׶˼ֺøУɴϯڳ֮׶Բ࣬˵𶼵ս
Σÿʮ£ҪһΣǰ˱ԴԴϣҪֽľˡβ֪Ҫսգ˫ս죬߰ձϢǳ־սһ¶ϢƬ̡
ˣǰ̵Ľˣػ֪ÿоĵ¶ԴɱУҶôȥƴҵҽ֮˻кοԣЩʿǻкοԣϷҵüĻӺӣĸֵ֣ˣ
֮ĬĬţס½ǣ˿ŵʵˣĵ´̣ˣ


66 .  ң   ֮ңų¥֮ϵ
̫Ц, в˵ĵ
֮жʱһںδ˵Ŀأ
̫ļ˵Ůޱ㲻ҪĻӵˣḻʶ̫ҽΪ, ûд󰭵ġ
֮΢˿, ҲԼԾ̫, ɵճ˻ҳＴɡ
̫ͷ, ǺúϢ, ջеæȥ
֮ڵ, ˫һ𣬲ʱ˯ˣڽ, ݽһǽ֮, ֮׷ھ˯ĻãҪЩ
ھҽӪתæµʮգ˫ܿ, ֮ױʱһЩ, ɻǸɾʮÿΪ˱˿ڣΪҩ̶ʮ, ײʿǶ֪ҽӪ˸Ů, ַ, ҽ˵ãΪŮӾյأĵΪ塣
ʮյĶݽδ־, ˫ͣӪеǶ˿ͣʱգæҩʣִ˸ɾˮԴԱϴ˿ڵĲʱ֮衣
֮Ҳ˫صլڣʮһνԡϴ˶·ŵ˵ԡͰеˮһƬ˿̳֮ײᵽԣʮղϴĺ
ݵһգ֮׻ӰѯʵǲʿϢ
ӰھһֱԪżǲʿǰʱǰı·;С
֮üĵǱأյҴӾмżˣ
Ӱͷǰյ˼ǿ˽𶼳ǳţһ˵ȶýǡ
֮׷ֻҪյţԷͺãҲҿӱǰЩʱգǴʱǣ¾Ͳǵǰˡ
ҲиЩʿеǷǣóӰڳżء
ӰӦ£ԥƬ̣ſ˵ǻǲͨĵ𣿵֪˽𶼣ȴܶǲס
֮̾ҡͷս»ȶûдʤߵڽ𶼣ԼΣյУھҽӪڵҲǰȫº¹һ£һ˵Ǳֻ֮¡
֮ӰʲôԼΣغܷȫȫͶսµС
Լ˽ҲҲգ粻ңʵʵھдŲǣȻˣԼİΣǷڵһλģȻ˵ȥΪıսЩܼ֮¡
쳣֮׼ھҽӪҲҴ⣬ȴӰڰлԼ⣬һֱЯĶͻʬ۵
գ֮ճȥ˾ҽӪ
Щʱ֮׶ѾЩǴһƬձԼ곤Լḻϵ˳֮Ҳѧϰ˲ҽеľ̸֮
⼸ûս£ӪǱΪصʿǻҩ濴ҲûǰЩǰ㷱æˡ
һЩ֢еͨһ¥Ľ죬ѻʬҪٻˣҪߡ
߶֣֮ʶľתͷ΢ֵУǽ֮ˡ
ʱĪҪսδ꣬ȹ˼
һۣǵһвĪ˵ĵս޲ʤЩʬ˱ǡ
ΪϵʿҩɷµЩҽﶮƽ㿴Сʲô֢ûķС߼ʤЩ֢δţմϱĪ£߿µĽ
˵꣬ȴԣЦǴԼŹ㲩ء
֮ȴתʵпɼʶһߣʹϰߵ㣬ʱɫڣͷۡȣԺ֢ʮձɥ֢ϸֻ꣬ҪȾϴߣҩҽɡ
˵꣬ԲԲС۶ˣ΢ֵϺǾɻ֪ߣϷʱϷһƫԶɽ嵱ȷǼֻһȫɥϷʱҩʯҽжûӵùһνֲ
֮Ϊ֪ΪǼ󣬾б߰ԼȾȻ֢״
֮һ׷ʵп֪£
ͷЩ⡭Ϸֻ֪ǼʶϧϷЩ꣬δ͸ಡ֢¡
֮಻ʧֻЦЦתæͷ֮£Χǣ˵̸ȥԭԵˣҲŰѯʶʲô֢£һһ
գϱ˷ʬһ£˽׿ϣֱַЩѳʿǵ֣Ȼ̧ҽӪĿյϣ˸߸ߵĲ
ϰٵʬѻڴˣЩ׳ۣڳ֮ȫϽĿǰȼյĴѻȸֻлߴܱѿ졣
֮վȺĩβǰС˵쿴¥ĵ£
֮׶ʱ̧ͷ¥ķǸʵĳ¥֮ϣмվ·ȼʬ֮
Ϊīɫ֮ˣݡ
ΧǺ˵ʿҲЩǷ׷׽ͷ˵ĵĿŵʿǡ
ˣоˣЩС䵱޺
ĵڣ𶼳Ǳ¡

۲ֹԭʿųϣΪݵĳ֣⡣
֮ңų¥֮ϵݣһ겻
ĵ£ˣüۼԽˣ˵ǳ֮ûмʶģ·Ѫӭɱ֮С
ԭǰĵ£ôϤİ
ʼտŷյһ𣬻ݵȼգһ˫ɫѪһС
վģչ㣬Ҳ̫ĻΣǿȼյһǾ⣬ǲʣѹ
ǳ֮׼İ裬˷ΪǴˣһս¾竵ʵԼҲġ
ϰپʿʬմֻһػҽ
ǰЩҽ£һ̳УȻãպ龩ܹؾǡ
¥ݵҲȻȥ֮ջߡ
ʱѮҲǳ֮𶼵һΨһһμݡ
ڳӰһϢһµĶأϼӷؽ𶼳ŽǷǲʿϤӰ˽һٻɱ˳⣬𶼳Ƕûܽ
֪Ϣ֮׳׵ķҲûаһˣǱڵֻݴսһͬؾ
û˴ɱ֮ˣ֮ױԸӰңӰһ˻ҼɣʱעĵµĶкΣգݡ


67 .  ս   ּ䲻ԤУ˻Ƶĺ
µʱ, ֮ʼھҽӪæµȹ
ڼֱ¥֮ȥѰݣɵŻıĴӪʼפڽ𶼳⣬ʱȫһĶ, ֮ױԼе뷨, ĬĬھҽӪаæ˱
ⳡս, ѳһ£ÿβǶݽ, ǳµĳս, Ԫʼû·硣
ôʱеɸ, ԽսԽµơ
ÿÿ֮׿Щ˺۵ʿŸոĨ˽ҩɴǹս, ϵ˿, ÿҪε˺ѣû˵ۣû˺࣬ЩʿֻھҽӪĵϰƬ, ǹսϵơ
Щйġ
ǿʤĹâ
֮ڶЩʿʿ, ֻͨˣΪػƬأƴȫ
С˫, һȾ, ÿ˫Ħ, ҷСʤһ˫Ҫ̲סƻ˽͵͵볣֮˵е֮, ཫϣû˵һǰѰΣÿհų֮״֣ԼѧЩַɾʮ㡣
ʮһµĽ𶼳ǣĿ£絶һܽƤһѪڣʮ·ݵʱ򣬱Ʈѩѩĩϥǣǲѩա
֮Ͻ϶˶˫ȴûзӣﻷ̫ӣССĶʿɼǵƶԣʵС׼ףأ˱ҲϰĻս½ȵ
֮ԭΪһֱȥֱս½
ȴδ뵽һ˪¶صҹ𶼳ʧˡ
ҹʱڳʮദƣֵλãЩĻƻ죬ɫӳѪɫ
ԭеʿǻæ׷׸˻𣬿ɻƽı磬Խƴһʱ̶޷Ϩ
Ǵʱ𶼳ı谵ĴӪ˲ƻͨһӶ⣬ֳֶìʮ̨Ͷʯ֪ʱɣȫԱƴ
һСɽĻı죬ɫս֮ϣλڶ֮ףһ˫ĶŽ𶼳ǵĳ¥֮ϡ
𶼳ڽ˽ĺŽǣٵս䣬ó˶ֽ
ҽӪҲû⣬ܵĴ𽥱ƽӪжæҨˮ˻ûյҽӪڣﻹ˱ڴˣ˻Щʿһܲˡ
֮˻ӪУһʱʱ䣬ֱ۶ˮͰʹѵھҽӪĻѾϨ
ԶĻȻ죬ҽӪڻԴԴı˵ʿǡ
ͷ󺹣ָ˽ˡ
ʱһʯɳ۶׵ھҽӪ֮ϣ
϶ʱһ޿ӣʯ֮ԭ˱ڴˣӰѿˣʬ޴ıѹھʯ֮¡
֮һĻɵԭأһԵ˫ɫҰס
Զȴ糣·ûһ㣬ָ˽˱̧ԶһЩ
ͶľʯȴûٶϹһصڶߣǰǻҳ涼ڲ
˼Σһ˶ȥϵؽѣߣ
ʱӪڵкܹ·˱ǣȫȥϷ򣬶ԭҽӪڣһصʿǣеھʯ֮£еıֻڴ˾ȴûһ˺֡
֮ǰȵ˱һͬߣʿȴŮп߰ĪҪٹˣ
֮ĨϵĻգ˱ھҽӪĵϣϻִߴߣûκֻļ
֮һҧ˫תܳ˾ҽӪ
ӰӪȥ¥ﰲȫ
֮׿Ž𶼳ǻһƬӣһϷ򼲱һļٵ˵ȥ¥кãڴʱҪҺ˫ϵؽѣﲻᱻϮ⼸նŲˣȥѰĵ£˽ֲһ˱һˣ
ӰȻԥԥڳ֮󲻿ߡ
֮׻׺üȥսסؽѰңʱȥ¥಻٣µ֮ȥȫ£ס𶼣
֮쳣Ӱصһ֤Σ
֮׵ͷӰȥ
ʱ¥ڣȷʵ⽻ʱлƾѣټ죬ҹʿ͹֡
Ϊʱչ˽£ЩıѾۼڳⲻһǧ׵ĵطʮܾͶʯͼǧ𹥼֣
ԣʵǵ¥֮ϣʮϾΣѹѹĻı⣬һۿ߼ʡ
̫üĵ£ˣʱûʱ飬ѸټӭС
תͷԼб£ɻ󡣡
һվ˳ĻıģһɱƬײ
Ϊףֱ󣬼ΪѸٵڳ¼ᣬǽ֮ϣ׼
Ȼˣվڳ¥֮ȻΪĹ۲⵽˵зЩı֮ʯװͶʯϣʯ֮׳ǿ̧һ飬Ͷ𶼳ڣ³мھȻѣ󷽲֮˺Ҫ¡
磬תչ˵һˣǰȥ͵Ϯ
ЩͶʯٻ𶼳ǲһã˸ʿ
չӦ£µľݶȥ
һɫҹɫУʮȻһܿ潻Ⱥɲ𽥿ı
ս𣬳쳣ң˻н֮ҹвڶض
ıڻ˷һĴԪƽͶʯԣ뺷Ļıʿڰ˾ʯװжͶʯԴԴϵĹ𶼳ڣԶԶȥ𶼳һƬǽ塣
ھһӾ׷Ч£ƥԭأһ˽¼У֮ڡ
ϢĽ˻ıʿ࣬ͽһ˲ӱնɱıʿչ࣬࿪ʼִɱˡ
ͶʯԣʱһƬҡ
ǻı췢Ͷŵľʯͣʱһ
һʱ䣬㹻ݴ˽ʮıʿϤնɱͬʱཫͶʯٻ
ıŭΪԼ׼㣬𶼳˾˴͵Ϯڻ£ϵǴԪĻӾеǰ͵Ϯ֮ȫ
ǽһ£ɱͣ
лıʿһӵϣ಻Ͷʯѻ٣׵
˶˵ͷܡ
ܳ⣬ƥ𶼳ǵķ򼲱ı׷ᣬͬǻı춼ڶ
˫׷Ҹϣıȴʼûܽǽɫˣӻͳһöẓ́䵽Уһ̴ҹգǻıһӦźţڽ𶼳ԡѪսĻıսʿǣȫͣӦԵĵˣѸĵתƥ򣬻Χ¶ȥ
ΣκʹԪļ춼鲻
̧ĨϵѪٵ󺰵ǰȥĻӣ
ݺչб䣬ݿǰԴԴ϶Ļıסǵȥ·ٿȻ壬ִҪʹɱһѪ·
չ㻤࣬תͷľɱ
һӾʱǸһսɫһҲҪȫĵ£ɱ
ʮͺ󷽣ʱѱıΧֻü˱ɱ
ıںЦݵ˵ͬСԪСҿܳܵʱռǰһս֮־ܣӹ»λԪĳǳأһıأ
ʨһϯûıƴǡ
չ˵һѪںһսۣıûʤʱΨд˴͵Ϯ⧲Ƿ
Թթ
ݻԡѪδţɫ䣬ʼǰĵˣ䣬·ʬ
ԽɱԽǶࡣ
Եľǣ֧ϵ˿Ҳ࣬Ѿ֧Ųסĵ¡
еĽȴȻûͣЪ֮ýѾֻڣǶС
վȻӦԣΪѾЩ棬Ԫ𲽿ֻҪٳסһյʱ䣬ܻơ
Ȼµ붼ͬ尾ˮȵС
ݺչеĽڻǱñˣ̤Ų֪ǵҵʬ壬Ӿֻʣ²ʮˡ
϶ˣزһ𽥴֪ͣ
ڴʱϤӰѸնɱıʿ
ڿӰͳӰʱԭ򶨵ף˲Ƭ̣ͫҲȻ
ּ䲻ԤУ˻Ƶĺʵôڴˣ


68 .     ɺѪһ˿Ц⣺
֮ڵؽڶһҹ, ؽѵУȻսӲ, , ˻, 
ؽڵк˱ǣܹа, εĵؽܲս, ڰ֮Уÿ˶һ˫Դŵ۾, Ϊÿһս۶ΣյģҲǲ֪ڶջܷ񿴵𶼳ϴԪġ
û˵ؽڼž, ֻжߵս, Լĺ
֮һĻţûͣ¹е֪ǰսϵսΣԼܳȥ, ֻĵȴ
бԲ, ɫأȴ˳Ĭһ𶼳ǵһΡ
, ոӳ, ˴𻰡
˼˵ǽҹ, 𶼳ʧأ㰴Ԥȵ׼˵ǡ
֮һƬ, ׹ѣ𶼳Ǳռĺ
һ˱ȻŶϱ۷𶼳ǲʧأĵ£
˺һǶ˶٣ؽ˶̧ͷ
һ˱ðŹ⣬ＤЩıұĶ֣ҹֻһʱ͵Ϯĵ¶ס𶼳ǣ
˶˵ؽڵ˱Ǳ׷׸Щ˱ֱԺ޵Լ˲սͷݡ
΢ֵУմ˺ڻңݹɣЦˣĪԼ磬Ҳĵ£ҹ¡
ССĵؽһʼĳĬһ˲û༤Ҳļɻࡣ
ŶϼҶݵΣó֮׵ĻһЩǰҲӦݣһڴ˺ķʱ䣬𶼳Ƕûʧأʷѱı࣬һҲض׵ı˶ȡǳء
ҪģӦǾȡʤϢ
𶼳⡣
̻ڳһӾֻһذΧ
ǻı춼֪ΪΣмǰʱǱһˣԭ֧˲䱩𣬻ɱˣ˫ڵҲȾѪɫԶԶȥͬһֻȺеҹȣ˹Ѫ
ıʱԣ𹭼ңҾ׼Զݵͷ­
׳ֱ۱ɿһ̣ƿշɳ
ľһĨķС
չڿʸʱϾţȴǰֵ
ݻ׼䣬Ѹ̧ǰǼʸͣüһֵλãĽ¡
˵һ죬ѡ
̶¶ģһ˫ɺ˫оѪ
ı챻˫ѪƬ̣ͷһëȻ
¹ȶסɫ£ʱʧȥѻɱݵĻᣬǰԪѽδűǰ˱ɱ
ʱȴתͷӵϽӵּһһˣֱı
չ𾪣ת󺰵£ɣ
һԵҲͫһ𣬺˲ɣ
ı״Ȳѣ̤ʬǰһЦԭԼǰ
ɱһıקԼϣϱɱ䣬֮˼ֶμײУЩıͨͨʬ촦·ɱֻͷ­
˫ԽѪ죬ִֻӶԽѸ
һĻϵĻı˿ˡ
ħ
ûΧ֮ãڻܱɱˣ·ɱڣѴ֮·ɱ˲Ťζ
ϵͷ­ѻڵأһ㣬ͷ
һˣ
ЩıͷԪӺƲ࣬һ׵ףɱ¾ΪȤĶ
ʲôһδɵĻëСֱһı棡ϣɱ
ıһ£Զȥ㲻һܹɱ⡣
ǽ컹ףٿȻվϣṦ𣬷ǰϣг£֮ͱЩͷǹǡ
ԶıĹ꣬ͬһݡ
ݱܼܿµļʸмȻûͣ½Ų̤Щıͷ­һٱǽǰ
ı״಻ţ̧ſȥ˼ҽ֡
һڱ㱻ѣ⽫ͫ׽ţȻһ˲ǰѾһ
˽ּ䣬չβòݵķΪڵµļ꣬ˣȻˡ
ʱıѾͷ󺹣ϵճһ˫ԭǷ𾪣ΪһԼҳϵ飬򲻹Ԫӣ
ǰ֮ǿ֮ĩıԭΪԼ׽ɱһԼ·磬ȫʢʱţصʮС
һʵı߷߲ѣһȣᵶؿڡ
ȻлδˣһƬ⡣
ֻöԵûˣֻǰ˫Ѫ
䣬ʯ֮䣬㿳ǰ˵ͷ­
ֱͦվ֮ϣѪĿͷǰȵı֮ףȡ
䣬Ѫ£ԭڼս˫ʿͣϵı
Ƭ̺󣬴Ԫʿһ𣬶ʱʿڵأݵķ
ĵ±ʤԪʤ
ź֮˷
ıǣȫĿȻԼĽ죬˲ıԪĻӣ˵ȡ׼Ⱥûͷһ㣬Ƿ׷еĵǽеͶ
˭Ҳû뵽һϦ֮ı任޳벻ܹƾһ֮ԡѪսȡ»ı׼
дԪʿڳߺ֮顣
и֮ʣһ۵Ӱϳϵݿ켣ѱĻıУ𲽱ƽݱȻһذףȥ
˶û뵽ڴʱ˵Ҵɱݣ֮ϣݻʱѶ
һӰȴһĵǰסذ׷һˣ־ٵŭһɱı֮ˡ
ƹǾ߶ϣΰ˵֣ݵһЦģǷ±һء
ףչսڳ¥֮ϡ
˵ű㽫ǿͷ­չ㣬ȻԼתӰһһԵӰ̽д֮ˣ׿ݵһ˫Ѫ󣬺ëȥ
ʱɫѽԶĿзǰס
ⳡԭӦսۣһµʱǰ
𶼳ϽǵĵؽУֻ֪ıûˣȴ֪սΣ˸̤ȥ
ʱ󣬳ʱĵһؽҲ˼ӵĽŲ
к˱ȫסŵؽѵ¥ݴ
˴˵ؽѵţŲ˳ʯݶ£Ȼһ˶벻Ӱ
һ±Ѫʪϵ˽ʸڱһմѪˮ̳ˣɢǿҵѪ֮ˣȴȻأΡȻɡ
ĳ֣õؽڵ˶סˡ
֮׼ˣͫٿȻŴ˲Ⱥվ
ɺѪһ˿Ц⣺֮ףˡ


69 .  㶾   ǰ飬ڹС
ı֮սݵϢ, ʱ𶼳ڣ˷ǡ
ݵսҲѾ˿ӱ޵У𶼳, ֻʣսβĺ̡
һس֮ս, 𶼳ڿνһƬǽ, ϱڲԫ޽»ҪķһЩʱա
Ҫ, ϿָҽӪ, һѪŰսۣ˱ǳɱ, ƹؼҽΣҽӪ˺æգһ´Ӫ, һ߸ʿǴ, ÿ˶æĲɿӪȴҲ֮ǰǰȵգʿƣüɫ٩٩̸һҹս¡
Ƕû, ĵµͬս, һֵ֮ı£ǻıͷ­һ£¹ڳ¥֮ϣйߣ
ʿ˵Ļɫ, Լһ첲յս, Ϊ, վȻ˵ѵзͷ­ǽͷһ㡣
һΪҩԣһѽ˹, ˿ڸҩʿ۵죬лûͣ¶ݵĳۡ
Сüë𣬺һĪĪˣǻ֪ĵµǰ𶼳ˣҿǸദµˣԹͬһ
ʿԶˣ˲ŵǡ
еС˵Ҹǣ֮ǰھҽӪ˵ŮУĵµźôӣЩ˾Ȼڶ֪սĵȥϵؽѣҵ¿ɴδ˭ǰˮֱӽˡ
ʿź겻ѣһʿһţ̾ģұǱιˣֶֻ˶ֵˣ
˶Цвʿ˵ԼҲ˿ڣ˵ɴζܲˣ˿Ҳϣⶼմġ
˼Ӫ֣ҲЦ˵ͣЩգĪһ˼˿ڶѿˣ˷ĵºΪ𶼳˶ĹףоˣҴԪһɷ٣
к˱Ƿ׷׵ͷͬʿʮĺֻҪĵڣұظ棡
Ӫ˶ԼĵµһƬģʸҲ
ʱ¥ڣ֮ݵĴǰѾգݵĸ¡
֮δ˯Ϊݵʵ̫ˣϽûһģؿֱ۶ǳһĵˣ󱳺Ȳʸڣصģʵ֣ڶѣѪֹڻ֮ʱֶ޷Կص΢š
ٲʱΣҪˡ
Ψһܹҵģôˣû֮Ѫ࣬˿ûмʱĸգȻΣյС
֮ݶӣϴΪڶͷ
գݱƵִҪȥϵؽڽԼݵһ˲䣬ĿۣһӿϵǴδйĲ̺ϧȥһ£ֻ´ϵ˿ڡ
ֱ¥˿ĵطݲ֧Ųס˹ȥ
һݵսһӭսն˵зͷ­֮ͨͨںʲôӢ¼ûǰһǳǳ˿Ҫ
ɫ𽥻ָҲڳŹΣյʱ򣬳֮׷˿
һԵĸ˫Ҳ˿Щʱæǰæʼڲæų֮ɫˣüȰҲЪϢգĪеΪġ
˫һԣǵĿų֮ס
֮վϾƣȴҲЭˡ
Ƭ̼ɡ
˫æȥ˴֮ױһԵ֮ϣۼܿ˯˹ȥ
һ˯ֱʱȻתѡ
֮ʱѾһˣԭڴ֮ϵҲӰæѰ˳ȥ
¥е·ڣ֮׿һصˣ˫ӰͳӰȫߵڵأλ׵üͷݣ˼ƲżתɫЩף˫ǿڡ
֮˽ȥݻδ֮ʣ㵲ǰ˵˫ӰǹʲôϿȥ
˫С̧ͷӰǹڵϲҶ
ߣ
֮׸Ǹɫ˫ӰæлȻæ˳ȥѷŹغˡ
֮׻عվ࣬򴽵Ҫģ޹ء
ԣ˻ɫ֮ϸ֣̾㲻ˣ̫Σˡ
֮෴סģֻӲ룬ЦЦǲôǰ㣬ڳ¥ԶԶһۣҶܷࡣ
һԼУȻˣΪβѰң
ļͷ֮ḧıڣĵĸࡣ
֪
֪ҵķȻ˽㣬һǰˡ
࣬ЦһȻ˿ί˵Ƿ֮ȴ޷֮ʵ
֮ɫˢľͺˣһŵˡ
ȻίǺʱ
֮ƿԣŵ֮¡
ҲգŻˣһĽսµУڵԷ
֮ףˣ롣
ԣ֮Цǳ֣ӵԼķȻ
һķ룬˵ľͬ׵Ŀжɢ֮ӵȶ
΢΢ףЩԿصģҪסǰ˺Ĵꡣ
ĵ
·ǰչ̤벽ȣҪתߣ˼Ҫ㱨֮£òӲͷƤת
֮ŵѾݻ˳ȥʺΡ
΢΢ü£
չΪأ̫ҽ˵ǳŲҹˡ
֮׺Զһоǲ⣬ΪսϣβûܵΣơ
˸չ㣬ε޷Уڵ̫ҽͷ󺹵ΧŴ齼ת֮ƽɵΣɫҰףѾ־İǻˡ
ǰ̫ҽ׷
ݺͳ֮׵ɻһλ̫ҽĺգ͵ǶΪºһƤˣûκһ˼θıΪҩˣջҩŷԣ˿ڲûϣ֮ƣƤⷢڻ˷ҲǸȾ£һŵ֪Ѿо綾ա
䣬̫ҽڵϣߵ׵ǳ⣬δһʱ䷢𷣡
ԣ̤֮ȥԲ鿴εƣȷʵ̫ҽԣϵ˿ǷڷϣͬѰָõ¶ɭɭ׹ǣһ󣬳֮״󾪡
ʬ
̫ҽͷȷǴ˶
ݲ⣺ʬʲô
֮ü˵Ǿ綾δнҩʬǷֵ磬δɢȫжܻ֮
̫ҽ˵жֵ֮ƣ¶θҲ޷ˡ
üͷҲһ塣
ʱӰĹأߵ֮д֮˺Щԣβǻı֮ˣǴŻıŵԭʿûв´Ӧǵھʿ֮һ©֮㡣
֮ͷһϷأȻ©һǲʿ
д̵ذ֮ϣӦǴ˾綾ҪµӰͷ˵
ҪݵذײǴĸλ඼ֻܽ֫Żؾ̫֮λҲʧۣ֮ΪмǲܹΪ̫Ӽ̳дͳġ
ӵǺúݵļƣġ
ûһģˡ
ʱ֮׵ʵìģΣǼ֮ӣʺǶġʱݵݵ
˿ɺ𣿿ɺޣΪĸƱ֮ܳʱѹ

֮ײ֪ìڡ
ʱ֮ϣεӺȻˣԭԵˣ˫ۡ
һԵ̫ҽæǰѯӿɻﲻʡ
μΪľ֣˫Ұ˫˿ݡ
üջǰȥڴԡ
βֽץסһƬ°ڣ죬ƣϡģһ¡
˯Ѽ䣬ŵ̫ҽԣʮԼµ״췦ӣǽڳݲҪ˵Щʲô
ǰ飬ڹѹ㡭Ҹ㡣
ֻһ¡Ǹλã㣬劼ӻֻһá幫劼ɥӻشԪ㡭ӻ劼


70 .     ̧֮ͷ۾
ˡ
𶼳յĴѩ
ԭʤ֮һʱ֮Ϥ, ϵʧ֮飬ЩԷͷ׽
εʬûб𻯣ѾʬȾȫ, Ŀȫ, ʬĽװһصĺľ, ¥ڣ̻ؾ֮ʱ, ܴȻصǡ
Щʿʿ, ԼӷǨؽ𶼵İǣ֪ڵֵıս۵, ûоһδ׵ǰ, ͨʿǹͬս, һΪĿãȣʼĬĬ, ˭ҲС, Ϊãѳý𶼳ǵͨʹѵ
𶼳ǵİղ֪ʲô, ಻ھǶʲô, ֻԼ¿ĺ, Ϊ𶼣ɥڴˣһ, ǽ𶼰ӡ
ڳΪ޽һãλЩʱڵδϹ
ε̫ͻȻ˭û뵽
ǰЩ£׿ԣεĻı֮սݺܶ࣬һսºڽ𶼳ǵĥҲ仯Ĵ󣬵޳˴⧲
սһ𶼳ڱһƬȻ֮С
ڼݵƾѻָңǳæµдС鶼ҪæѲֻڿʱ̬ܱסҲЩ˺ͼ
֮ص˾ҽӪаæ˱֮ǰһ㣬ֲҩ䡣
ɾҽӪڵˣ̫ڣ֮ǰǰ֮ˡ
Ҫ۳֮ô˵ͬЩ˵ʿȻ֮ײòȰ裬鶼ΪΣ˲Ӧ²һ£ȴǹڱϹϾ֮ױֻܷ֮ȻͶھһµС
ÿյʱݲܶæҽӪڽӳ֮ףһͬ¥
ˣоҽӪкʿǼˣ۲ѡ
п볣֮ЯȥıӰҡͷʱĳҲһֿĸ飬Ҳ׻һذ
һԵʿЦҪ㲻ˣࡣ
˶䣺Ҫ㣬Ҳ㣬һ˱ǧӾǸ߾ĵ¿ν壬мŮ
ƲƲ죺Уұ˵˵Ⱳ¶Ǹ
ҽӪ˶Цˣʱĳ֮׺ݣȻ֪Ƕ˵ĸ飬ѾĽ˵ز֪Ϊֹ˶ûԲǲš
ùź󣬳֮ݸϴΪҩÿοЩĴСƣ֮׶ǰһ̣˵ˣôãܿƤĺۼ
𣿡
ݻعͷ֮׶Լ󱳵˿ڣǣһů㽫֮С
ۣ࣬㶼ˡ
֮۰һ£ôƣھʲô֪ȴҲӲ˵ҵġ
Ц˵ˣᵣġ
˵벻˵ǵġ
̧֮Ϊ˼УȻ̾ս½ǴȫʤձҪؾɲ֪ΪΣǿĲ
ݳĬƬ̣ḧķ
֮мìܣǲ̡֮״ڵˣ㣬ĸǺ¹ùмףͷźޣԴΪ˽𶼳ǣ㵲´㶾ĵҾ˲֮ģᷳԼųѶϣµĴ£ӦҲֵͬġ
ԣûӻǽĸЩ֮ķ˿
֮ƣҶ
̶̼֣ó֮룬һ˲һչݣҡͷǳЦơ
ݴǹû𣬵ͷᴥ˳֮׵Ķͷһ¡
ƣֻ㡣
֮ſݵϣлָһƬֻҪ࣬ᰲģС㣬˼ˣ̾ݣٲǴǰİˡ
ͷ΢΢һϵĹǽٿȻף򶨵Ϊ˵
֮ЦЦԹԵ˵ǰδʱһͬ󣬱һֱ㵱׵ܰտǴǰĽ̵ұԿ۸ϸϸȴӻҸ࣬ǽȣı˫ȫսɱϵһԱˡڵؽѼ㣬仯֮Щ㡣
ӶЩˣʵ֮ףǲϲ𣿡
̧֮ͷ޵ЦĿݣϲϲ
ݶʱסŵĽȫɢ̣ͫ΢
̧֣֮ϸϸǰӢͦò
ʤ̣߾ðӵؾҲû˸С㣬Ϊҵİʵ֤Լ˳޵ӢۣиˣȻҲϲ㡣
ļ΢ס֮׵֣ϲģͬһ˼𣿡
֮һ㶣ת˲ɫͨˣ죬˵ҲԣҲԡ
һ˫ڵӽų֮ףһ𣬱һֱȥļơ
֮״˷ѣڻɬĵ˵ͷ
ݴǵЦԽŨˣ΢һͷһֱѹֵбǻڳȵİ⡣
ǰ˵֦ʹͷסĨĴꡣ
֮ױĽţεǰǳֹĴһͶּҵģʳһ㣬˿˳֮׵Ĵϯеۣ쳣ѡ
ֻֽ֮ĲԼ̱ڵء
һǱϣ˶ƲסĴϢ
ݵɫЩ仯һ˿ѪɫԼʵ𣿡
֮һƬհף룬δ˵Ļʶĵͷ
һ̣㱻˴ᱧ𣬳֮һδعѾڴ֮ϡ
ڵϨһҹע೤

գ֮ʱתѡ
ʱֻһˣ֮Ҫֻ̧ϰһ˲شϣһ
ǰδеʹŵãɬ
ʱŴⱻƿ֮΢΢ͷݶһˮˡ
֮ʹüٶ̧ϰڴ齼ûȥѲ𣿡
䣬֮Լ㷢ˣ΢΢˻Ƶƽʱͬһ˿޵ģ޲ʾҹʲôǵó֮˲ɫˡ
Ųæǰסӣ֣ǹЩȥ
˵֮׶ߵҹ֮ˡ
Գ֮߷ѵ뵽ҹﾹΪʱֱîʱԼŵ˯£㡢㲻Ժҡ
ЦЦӦ£ãһһЩ
ֺ֮һƬΣΪϴֳ⡣
֮ݵĲ֮£ǿվ˫Ȼ΢΢֮ѣҲ֪Ļ۵ģȦЩˡ
ݼæͷǸԲ֮ףҹûпסԼ
̧֮ͷ۾
۽ǣƵƵǸĵҶ³ç˵㣬һӲ㡣
֮ΧȦתɣ㲻ңȥ𣿡
ݿЦãԼ޶ġ
֮һĨᣬƲ´Σ͸һҪˡ
һ٣Ѿᵽ˸֮ʹ


71 .  ؾ   һˣ𻯳ɻң
𶼳ǵսβǴ, µıǳڵɣ𶼳ǳ⣬ǴӷǻĽ, ԴԴųҪ, һͷ, Ҳͷĵ𻵲, Ѿ¿, ͷϵҲ
ų𲽻ָճ֮Ϊп, ǰʱﻹɪһƬ, Ǵвͬ
ҽӪ, ֮ΪһʿƣЦŶ˵ƲأϢɻָ糣
ʿɫ, ų֮װ, ڹ˵ĵµӣ
, һ͹ˡ
֮һ, ΧҲ׷Ͷ
æʿ, ѵµӣһͬ⼴ɡ
һԵЦĪΪˣĵºҪ̻ؾ, ǲᣬɵµӣ˺ýġ
ʿʱͷɥΧʿȻﶼ֪ĵ±Ҫؾ˶¶Ĳᡣ
ҽӪѾʿƣµֻ֮ˣڻҩɡ
̫̤˹ĳų֮񣬲˵лƴȫİӾǱǽ𶼣ΪˣұⱲӶȴĵºڽ֮ʱļأݶ齫ԶģԸ»ؾһ˳Ǻʱ𶼳ǣаնصӭ͵£
̫ⷬǷθ֮ԣԵľ峣֮ݡ
˱Ƕ׷׸ͣӪڶʱһƬǸмǲᡣ
֮аٸнΪԼһֻѰͨ飬û뵽ô˶м֮ۿЩˣæôҶ
ʱȻ𶼳ǵһŬسǿս
֮ƽԼ̫һ񣺡ʱգҪл˵ϣ𶼳ǽս£ǽԿɰҵ
֮תͷһԵʵнкδ㣿
΢ֵЦ˵һУǣ޹ңƯ޾ߵıİա
֮Цˣ֪пԸһؾպþеһҩãȱһλҽ
ԣԱߵǶĽˣ뾩ǣµҩǺεȵúã빬ҽδɣ
Լɵۣ°ͣæͷ³֮׷һ㣬ڳݶˡ
ɿɡԣȻԸ⣡
֮һЦձʰöճʱĵµ̶ӻؾ
мѣȺҵͷϣһԵǶϲ
ʮµףĻݴ̻ؾ
գ𶼳аչڽͷĿĻӵĳܺͺЩΪս¸ʿǣԼĿĹײġ
һ·ؾҪµʱ䣬´綨Ǹϲϵģ³ʱָؾǣٶȡ
ǵУζŨأϰҰĴıͷβǻЦ
ʮǰյս֪ıһսݣǻı춼սͷ­ڳ¥֮ʾࡣ
۵֪Ϣڳϸ˼վŵ˼ãϺ棬׵λЦ޵Ļʶ޵ҪЩܱСĸַҴԪ߾
ۼڴսȫʤ׵ĹԱǽЦ񹧺ء
ἰսӵѶȻ·εԲֵһᣬûй˿䣬谮Ļӡ
֣¥ڡ
Щʱռ̵˲ᣬС˴¥㵸ļϰ壬ʤˣı֮սʤˣ
ԭ̵ֶһ£һ顣
̧ͷϢ׼ȷ
СЦͷ׼ȷ׼ȷǹųϢﶼ֪ˣ
񴽱Ҳһ˿Ц⣬˲˵ȥ߸£¥ԲշѣԺȣȻ󱸺ҪرԺ
СһӦ£ϣ
ԻıݵϢǣǶˣߵļҲݻ¥ֻ̽ıսµĸ̸ۣһＤ˷ȸԾЩ˵ģݵ񻯣ʼ˻ı߾ս£ͷͷǵɫǶһı
ڲڣƷŲˮŶ˵İ֮
ȴʱ𶼳ǱҪʧأĵͬս󿪳ţһӭѪϴ·ʬҽǻıͷ­һ£ĵ¸߾ͷ­ıȫûкķҴԪһ˿ĵһ֮У׻ˣսȡʤ
䣬İսվƽкã˵˿ڲˮǹЦһһ˵⻹ûꡣ
ûꣿ˿ˣ滹иʵģ
һϤĽǶ正ߵޣֻСһӣߴ˵Ľ㡣
ԭǴʱ䣬Լǰ歵֪Ҫ飬ЩȤˣҲִҪ޷һˡ
߱ͰЩֺһ棬û뵽һԵ歵ˣϵıȫ˵ߣһᾪһᰧ̾ʱʱҪС켸䣬²չ
߼״ֻҡͷЩϤǼٵģ档
歺Ųˮ۾ĿȻ֪Ǽٵģڹʲôӣ
ԣ̾ЩҲǼĵ²Ǹ֮ˡ
Ƭ̣һûѹݣݴ̲ʱЩ֪ݺѹʲôǰûп⽫˼ϣֱս£歲ŵ֪Լѹһˡ
ʱ˵ֿʼ˺
һҹսۺʿǶˣսһ㿴ĵ£˭Ҳû뵽лıĴ˸ҵд̣˶֮ʣΨһͦĵµһ˱ӵ£һµѪֹСһͬڹг侩аն֪йĦһսʹֵĵµʹޣڽ𶼳ǵ¥ڣΪʬգ𶼳ǵаմɥһ£Ϊ޽ãλڳУ𲻶ϡ
µİֶ겻ѣҡͷ̾Ϣδǰھ˶ٶ£ս¶Ϊ֮٣ֵϧġ
歶²յͷĬ
߲ͷ歵ݣ֪ӦǲãοĪҪ̫ѹ
歴һĨЦţȻѹֲΪ׵ҲΪֵʹޡֻЩпˣڹĸ֣˾ɻô𣿼ƴܳ裬˭ͽֺǣ㿴ĸ˺³
ֵһ仰δ˵ͬİˣݲᣬǻʼңʲôʵпԣΪãʲôõģ
ԣû˵ֻǾţȻ¸һȲ衣
̧ͷɫָ糣ӹյԳһЦ
һˣ벻츮ĹҲԸꡣ
𻯳ɻң˱ǡ


72 .  ̫   Ҫȥϣȥ𣿡
Ԫʮһ, £ݰʦؾ
ǰշ׷Χڳ࣬ӭӺƵĴ, нľʱϤ
ݽĵһʱ, Ԫδ, 㱻һʥּ˹֮ױлϴȺ, ֪ն쳣æµ
Ȼ, ݽ󣬾۴ϲ, ʹڵҪٰ칬磬Ϊӷϴ, ƺƴ, ˲ݵķͷʢ۴˾٣ȫǰҫһԼá
Ľӷ繬ϣ֮ҲӦȥ, ȴ, ڡ
ռ֮ףǵס֣Цʵյױ, ޹, ʮֺÿء
֮۽һ, Цһ£Ȼİѿ֣Զ˼֡
Ԫ˻, Ϊҫ֮ˣ褹ǣҲİˣԪĪҪ˵Щɷҡ
ϽƬָֻ̣֮׻лһͷЦͣԼǣҶ˽Ϊģ÷˵˻
֮Цת̤߽ǬԪڣЦʱɢų֮׵ıӰ½ǣϾǲʡ
ǬԪϣ֮һλڵҲ࣬ڵ࣬мһɴ֮üڵࡣ
λףյЦ档
ͬ죬洴´ԪҵˣǷʢ˸֣Ȼ޵ǻ꣬Ŀ֮ƴԪϣǻı޹ַԪ߾Ϊ˿ãƣ˷˶Ԫۺʵı֮սݣ˵Щı󺺾ǴԪʿĶ֣޵ĻʶηĴ֮ţˣصչʾԪĲģδɿһͳ£ҫԪ֮
ＤһǻѪ˺׳˶ܿǼ俺õġ
ΪԾ۵ǻ󣬴Ԫһ·ƽƽ·ƣȵʱ壬ܱСŵŴַ
Űڻʹȴû¹ǴԪĽλʱڱ˹ռˣⶨǱ裬ɨأ¼ʷᣬų꣬ȻԸš
ݴʤıһȡµоͷ­йڷߺ󣬾ѵȸԾ֮飬һ׮֮£Ļʶܴǰ޶ۻ׾ͨͨںںֻ׾ӿá
˼۽еľˮһҲ׷׾ٱأ͵лϺԪشԪҳᷱٲʢ˥
Ҳյ¡
ھ׵һλãɼǶôʤݡ
Ԫչ󣬱㲻Ԫˡˣּ
֮ϣһԵ̧̫֣̫⣬ȡ׼õʥּչ
ˣʵگԻջݣΣȻºպ֮Ԫ֮ԲᱦΪ̫ӣλ֮ͳԷĺ֮ġմˡ
ʥּһ£˲侲˶סˡ
Ψߵлʥּ
󣬳ǲŶع֮࣬ĻЦŵء
˭Ҳû뵽ۻڴʱֱӽ̫֮λ¡
˵ҷԣΪݹ֮˵κο֮ͬ俺褹ڣֻܳɫ⹧άţ˭Ҳɵھͷϵʱȥùͷ
褹ʥּӶˣǹɼޣߵ㣬ոԭΪԼʮа-δ̫û뵽ѼӻûͲɣһھǲ£һԪЦһ㣬ͷ̫֮λһֹϸûС
һУڳ֮Ԥ֮еģʥּһ£ų׵׵ķģЩҪûиı䣬к˿
ⳡ磬Щ˻ϲЩ϶˼ļãֱ
褹岻ʣı޵俺ΪТģҲǰȥ
ƽڣ褹ĿڣݼΪڹϵ˫ֶ΢΢̧俵ɸָ֣㲻ĸ˵ɥıز˲õĻˣûֱӸ˲⣬Ҫɷ
æǰȥ褹˳˳
ɫǲãʮ鱾ƻĺ©ǲȥʿⱻǷ֣۷˭뵽ηˣȻȥǶͣ±Σݡ
褹ۺһ˳ӣЦεóʱǸµµ֮ܵӣ̨ˣΪ˷ǰȥıԼڹΣҲãͻ뵽εĲ̤űȺ˶
ԣǰȥ˵ĸĪ֮˶Ϊĸѱ⣬ֻҪϵ˲շǱ㻹ʤ㡣
⼸仰˵褹ĿľƽһЩ俣ס˵ĸֻһ˿ˣҪĸǸλӣĲԶˡ
վ褹࣬ǹ˳˵ĸҷģնµĸ¡ĻٵƣҲƿûʷһֱվµĺܡ
⻰褹Ц俺֣˿ĸļˣϸϸǸ̫֮λˣӻд˾ģĸǸˡеҪ£ةฮҲǣպʤʹˣ̫Ҳá

ʱԪƻͨæһƬ
ָŸۡС˺ѾߣĹصװԺ˸ܵİ˶ͷ󺹡
ڣ֮ڸһЩصƻҩЩ˶ĸˣЩŽҪתãΪ֮ǰ˺ѹ̫Σ˿ڲϣֻʱʱҩÿλҩ֮׶ʹԼϡ
󣬻ع֮ס
֮ףһ
֮׵ͷЦǰЩ᲻أԺĻֵġ
Ц޷øǰѻŲȥ
֮պҩ䣬תͷȥʰ˵Ȼҡҡͷ˵Ī£ֱǡ
ӱס֮ף˵£Ϊ֮ʲô¡
֮ɫ΢죬΢һ£Ѳȥˡ
ձҪ빬ˣĪңҰЩʰãЩϨЪ¡
Ȼ֣˿ίûеңұ뱧㡭ǲǲԸһع
֮һ٣̾˿ȷʵԸ
һһʱ
½أҳ֮ڹĲڣĶ࣬ס¶ھ㣬ͷ¶ˡ
˼ˣɫ
Ȼһ˲֮ת̧Цݲ˵գǳֵɵݣҲϲʹֻҪڣδҶȥã𶼳ǣǣΪޡ
ȥģұȥġ
ȥģұȥġ
һ仰ٿȻ⣬Ʋסĵͷų֮׵ǡ
Ҫȥϣȥ𣿡
֮ɫˢͨ죬δ𻰣㱻ݴᱧ
һҹࡣ


73 .  ̥   ̫ҽ飬֮׻С
, ȥ֮ǰ֮׺ȥ˾бԺ¹ùñƽ, ˳ȥС
¹ùüǶ, ޵Ĳ, ǰģʤ̼ӷ֮ϲ, Ŷ˵˺һ, ǰ㣬ֱ, Ҫŵֹס
¹ùĪޣ´ʤ, ӷ, ùõ˲ǡ
ְ֮
¹ùͷǣùˣܷŲǣƽ, ʤ, ̫ӣЩлʺ֮ıӣùø, , ˼⺢Ҳкӹ, ǿ빬գĪʱ
˼С, ¹ùõᣬС֪̫ζʲôֻ֪ԼҪų֮׺빬պǲʱʱ¹ùһˣһʱѾϰڱԺ
ع·ϣ˼һֱȦûޡ
ʵڲޣǿݵݣµĲҿޣֻҪҷһ˿ݵɫԲÿ
֮㰲οһ·ԽǰοݵɫԽڣСС˼Խ¡
ڣѱʰ׵
̺ĵһˣڹҲЩλٲǴǰ˿۵Сūˣ̫̫࣬˭ͽϣǼһû˯ã빬εǰѹЩūǰء
ȻŵĿ»˫ˣûԼһ̺ܽǸûʲôСѾߣ˳֮ף𶼳ȥˣܽˣ˫оԼһ㡣
ڣΪģȻǳ֮ס
ϤŶĸ֣Ҫ̫ˣڵÿһҪԼһ飬ĹĶǣΧŶһ˫ȶ۵ôǼԼ鿴ϸĵĽÿ֮ﶼƳֲĻľһоҩ伮Щݺһء
ݼæЩϸС֮æնûúЪϢ۵ĪЩˣϲ˰εǡ
֮׺ϵ伮ҡͷҹڽţʵǰͬͷʢһЩСв֮ģԶÿطҶҪϤÿطҪĲſɣǰεЩ褹ֲֻЩ֪ҶЩ˼˽һѲ׵Ļͺá
ģ֪ΪԼİΣ룬ɵôǹȴ˵æµӻۿ塣
֮ЦЦæֻ⼸հˡ
ԣΪһˮõԡ
㲻Ӧ̫ݣδ뵽ȴ̫ӦԼæˡ
֮һ£յ΢٣Ȼ˫΢΢һ˲
ˣ̫
һ֮ױ㲻Ծʮ־裬Ҷ֮Ԫ˲֪ĪҪ˵ԷˣֻŸϿųסİġ
֮ɫ΢죺ȴˣ󶨻עݣⶨĨ˺ڡ
ЩЦã뵽ˣҲЩ
֮Լһ˲Ȼ˵ұ̫ˣ̫ӣڹ˶ᶢŵ£ٲסԷʱƵĻӣµڹбƣ˻ᰵ£̫֮λŷ⣬ж뿴³λá
֮нǣҡұǴиģ¡
֮ܲ£һݶֻ̫ӣ󵽵ˣ֪ػһԽδ֪֮£Խó֮硣
Ľ٣ݰ볣֮׶ţȻϸ΢֣Լؿϣǳ֮׵Ӱ
֮ף𣿡
֮Ƭ̣ͷ
Ϊ㣬ҲԼվ
Ŀ֮׵ĺȻ㾲
ݴյ֮ǰֽ˼֣ߴЦΪûһͬЯֿң㽫ȫңһᱣ㣬ԼŬվߴԴԪĽɽ
֮вݵһΣǰ֣صĳŵ
֮׸ж֮࣬ǶݵǰסݵĲ˵ֻܺúõģܽʲôݣҪǸλãұŬΣҵķҶʼհࡣ
֮׶ЦЦΪҵ찡
㶣Цűסǰ֮ˣеİδй֮С
ӵãճǽǵĸһĸЦŽȥˡ
˫ţеʳˣ˫Сʵ﹫ȥ𣿡
عͷ˺ü˫޷ֻܼš
³е𽥻ůڵĴСҲ졣
ȴԪ빬ūźѾߣһЩ褹ʹˣó֮״ɨѾߣ벻޵
ҽջţ褹ڻǰȰһ˵ںûĸ̫ӣûУ£ҪΪٵһѡȻͬˡ
֮׵֪飬Ǽ춼û˯ãǰǼҪͨѾߣ褹ҡ
֮ķңٲǴǰռ޸ʱΪ檵ˡϣֻһ˲ǡ
ʱ֮׿ԼԵĺ⣬ʳȫޣЩġ
ݼ״и˳֮³Դףæ³ŵ֮ףֻһˣв಻檡
Щܹҵأ褹ǿҪ˽ô졣
֮ѻԿ̾ϻͬ褹ΪѡɲҲ֮飬ʷ϶ûйֻ̫һ֮£ҵȲǡ
ڣ֮ȴֺȻΪԸС˵ҾǲԸһ˵ģǰǣǣԸһ㣬ЩŮ֪˰ݵĺãô죿ʱˣңϲŮô죿
֮ᣬеﻰһԵĵ˳
ݼ㣬ǲɵù𣬳֮һͰ׸ףʮл䡣
֤ҵбֻһˡ
֮ǷƬִ̣꣬Ҫš
ǰЩƽΪԵʳȴһڶ£θڡ
ݼˣ˲̫ԣǵĵ㶼δνʳ̫ҽǰա
֮ҡҡͷ޷Լǰ̫ҽأȻԼӡ
䣬֮׶˶٣뵽ʲôٿȻ̧ͷ˫ۿݡ
ݲ⡣
֮׷꣬εЦ̫ҽǰɡ
ʱ̫ҽҴҸϸǸȻԳ֮״ӵһݲڣ̫ҽǻҪԳ֮˵˵̡
һ̫ҽ̧ۣ볣֮׶һ£о
Ȼ֮Ѿ˴𰸣˼룬ֿʲôʳƽյ̫
̫ҽ飬֮׻Щţ΢΢ɴ˫ۡ
ģ
̫ҽ֣һ̣СĽΪ֮׻ؾûȥƽ¶ôѾͷ
̫ҽתݹ⣬ʮָ˵Ķ˵̫ӵ£̫ӹǽ׳һ¶ûУʳȫΪСֵá


74 .  ô   ȷϣϣ
˶֪, ̫ӵ泩ƽޱƲס, ඼һϲ
Ϊ̫̥ˡ
¶ʱ˹, ֪ҲΪ, ʹ˲ٶһ̥Ǹк, Ȼ뱧̫
ҲΪ֮׻̥һ, ݶԾۺ褹ݻ˵֮Ҫ̥, Ӧòײ͹ҵ£Ծһ̫Ǹ̫, Ȼ̥Ϊء
褹ٶȲ, ɻ϶ͬˣȻκ飬صƽѾѡõĲѡ˺ˣķôʱ, Ҽʡ͵ĵ, һжæûϢá
Ϊ֮, 褹ʹ˲, ֻǳ֮ױž֮, ѻ˵ؿС
Դ֪֮׻̥ݺ޲սչ˵ָ֮Ůǰ, ʳϸģÿնŷͬʳǰʲôҲó֮ˣǿʱ˶ҪߴϢ˱ˮ۵š
֮׿ԼδԻĶӣݵӶЩЦ˵̫ˣֻʳãŷ嵭֮ǳԵĺܺˣҲš
΢΢ü䲻Щ֪Ůӻвס
ûط𣿡
˵ģ֮ЦҡҡͷԼսȻһС
㿴ƽ̹أûв
⼸Ψһó֮⣬ûҹڹÿһͬ齺ƶҴ֮ףΪ֮һ㣬Щʱյĳ֮մܺȻΡ
գ֮׼ǰȥǱԺݵ֪С
Ȼǣü˵һͬա
֮оȣݿɲǰôˣÿϳ˵Ҫȥ鷿ͬ۴ۣ̫ӵ˿ȻϵҪ٣ҪѧϰҲҪڴʱи
֮ײͬ⣬ЩĪҪ£Ҷǰȥ಻µģ໹˶Ļ
üͷų֮׳ĬƬ̣˿ί֮Īգֻǿ㣬ұĻš
֮һ±ˣݣڣһֱڡ
ο˺һ󣬻һţǵ޵һᣬұ֤ʱضݲŷǰȥ
֮ʱлɻΪ»Ȼ˲˼ȥһöûУĵһӣ֮ײȻˣѪԵǣա
ڣ˼Ҳͬڲֱ࣬ͦϣСһǰ仯˺ܶ࣬ٲ˽ͷʱǰ㻶޼ɵˡ
֮ײɵķϤʵСǲϲ
˼ҡҡͷɫϲһҪŬܸ̫Ӻ̫¶
֮ЦЦ֪Ȱã⺢Ա
ȥ˱ԺŴ¹ùô֪ԭһֱݵԴڻı֮սӢ֮ٺ󣬱һĴӢۡ
֮ױЦĺϲ£죬Сӵ˵ɰ
֮⣬¹ùúǿĳ֮׻̥ǰʼСѣݸ˵ǲ֪кŮùˣõϡ
֮Щ˼ЦùϸɣЩĪ۵Լǡ
۲ۣĸùöã
֮ˣЩСɾµѣЩ˼顣
ݵĵһӣҲλ̥Լһδ֪СδйľҲó֮׾ڴ
¹ùǰδеĻģһߣһ̸Ц֮ǻ֪ӼҹӶ˻£ʮ³Ǵ֮ʱ
֮ݾȣŵϲӹӣ
¹ùҡҡͷӦǾԼ˻֮ʱӹӣһֱжӡ
ǡǱ˲ʵӦˣ֮ײӹӵкһġ
˵ţԺ⴫ĶСæȥ̽
һֺõ顣
һ֮ڣҪ񣬳֮æڰ֣һԵȻҲû뵽֮׻ڣĴѰݵӰûɿ
ջ磬ǳʲô£
¹ùõǵʵ
Ͼȣһ飬æЦ֮֮Ƹ֮ԭȥˣ뵹̫ҡջˡ
ɫȷʵÿǸҡ԰ڵӣƽＫΪ͵ºˣȫǵ˶֪ϵ̵ϰҪӸĹӳɻˡ
֮׼С͵ӣʵȤģȫסˡ
¹ùҲЦ˶࣬ùñСȥСʳڱֻʣ³֮ˡ
ȫֻ̾볣֮˵ЩҳһҲ岻죬ֻձЦ
һյĹվ˵ȥһ¹ùá
ȥżĿվҲҪȥ
ӹӡ
֮׷²յЦ̵Ŀм仰ӹӣ֪ӿɷ㣿
֮Ȼ֪ǹ˦ߵģ֮ҲȷʵЩͬ˵̽һ̽˼͵ףϾ޸ĸȻһҪˣ֮ױصҪ˽һҪ޵Ǻˡ
ŵתȻЦ̫кʣʵش𡣡
֮׵ͷֱʵӹҪȢ񣬿ģ
ԣվֱӣҲһЦ⣬֣˵Ҿ֮ģһһҪӭȢھ˵׼˭һֱ˭ãˣҪȢﲻɣҾ޶ģҿɶģӽбֻһˣԺ檣
ԴǣĿ⾼˿ûЦ֮⡣
Ȼģó֮˿ȣ漴ЦйӴ˻ұġƣȻʲô˶СģھǾ̣ԺӸڣϣӹܹף㽫ҪӭȢʲôˣԼܷĴĪҪԿࡣ
֣ĺͷһֱ̫Ӻ̫ʶҹϵǳ̫ɷģұԼԾͷҲܵһ˿һί
ԣ֮׷һģ˿ڲˮ𼸷Ц⣬תʵӹӿ֪ϣ
Ƭ̣ų֮׳µӣ¹ù˵
֮׵ͷȻ֪ûҪ㣬ȷϣϣԶҲﲻǸ
Щ⣬ϸϸƬ̺ͷһ𣬵ͫ׷Ŵһ²⡣
֮ûаѻƣʱ¹ùõڣСںʳ
һ㷢鿴񲻶ˣĿ⣬֪֮׶ôһʱɵƵĳЦİһۡ
֮ЦŽλã¹ùõߣϲЦտĳһټҳ¹ùϵЦûͣ¹˼ʱʱĶ֣һϸĵūŰ㣬񲼲ˣ̺ķǳܵ˹֪ǲǳ֮׷Žŵˣоֹġ
ʱ󣬳֮ûо˼ڱԺ¹ùãԼȥá
Щʱûãҩ⵹Խĺ֮ߵڣڸһСʱʱǺӶùЦҩÿˣڰڷһС⣬ЩĶھǶû
м֮ף
֮ЦʣпɻӦе
Щӣַ˲٣͸ԲˣЦֵӦýο̫˼ҩĸ֡
ھдĸˣ֮׷ģȻ˫Уùһ¾ɵĵ伮дĸ֣֢
֮׽ݵǰ˵˷ǰһ鷳С
нӹ̫кֱԱɡ
֮ɫпɻǵãڽ𶼳ʱἰǺߣ
һ䣬ʱ˵ǵã
ֵǷϣȷʵֻҪմȾϣɡ
伮һ˴ߣֻȼ䣬УҵԴпܣɷԴԼ֢״Ƴҩ
֮˵꣬бɫֻ̫̾˵ǾΪ׺ݣܹҵҩ֮ԴͷҪ׷һ
֮Ȼףͷɣ̫ҽ˵̫ҽԺæ֪̽ߣܱ˸Ŀ֮κε˿ʱ֪ҡ
ӦЩʵ̫żҪ˽֪ﱬ˲𣿡
֮΢Ŀ⣬ЦľаգһΣת˲ʬҰǰ
̾գֻӣֲ֮ƣ֪ˡ
ţһ壺̫Ļ£ҶѰԴ
ʱڡ
֮һգıЪϢͷȻڰǰҹǷĲԼ̬ó֮΢ԽԽеУǰãºݵһһǣġ
ܵԻȵĿ⣬ǲɵù߾þöջأݲòᣬվ˹ȥ
֮һ㶣æתװ˯
Ϩǰӵų֮׵ӣԡ
ţ֮һů̲סЦһ£ڰ˵ݣҺϲ㡣
㶣û뵽֮ͻȻ͸һҲ֪֮ײ˰֮ˣʵǽڹ˺ί
֮תҡҡͷֻֻ˾Űʱжٰһҹ֮룬֧룬׽˵˵
֮ݻУ̾ұϧµʱ⣬붼㣬Уͽź
ԣķЦκźȻ̹ס
Ĳź𣿳֮ײ֪һֻʮ꣬ж̶겻ʱ䣬ֹܷסߵɢ֮಻ұֻ֤ܾȫΪΣԼ׽֮ܵΣ
֮׻ɢԺеǣݻУЦݣϲкŮ
룬Ĵֻϲ㡣
֮ױЦ˵ˣ
Գּ˻棬۴̥Ů̥Ǳ㲻Ҫˡ
֮е֣أҡҡͷҪܻ̥ҶҪһĺӣ㼸֣ұˣҪǡ
ݴǹίأӦЯֵ𣿡
ҲҪ𣿡֮Цſ֮ˣȻԸִ֣֮ϡ
䣬֮Ըоǰĳλ˱仯ӵǵɫʱͨ졣
ǿԼѹڵа𣬱ų֮׵ֱ۲ɵý˼֡
֮һһ䣬òҡ


75 .     СʵܣСǰ
ʱ³, ֮׵ĶѾͦڶڰ̥Ҫ, Ȼ֮Ǵס, ͷľһ, ȥǱԺȥ, ڹ, ʱʱҪ̫ҽǰ̽һҩֻ֮չЩڳ֮ࡣ
֮ȻҲ뾲̥, ͷǣʼյһ£еҽѾȥĿ˺ܶ, ѰҰ, Ǵдģ̫ҽԼ鼮Щżм꾡
һڶճ, ǳһӵϰ, ȫҸȾ󣬼
űΪǿľУнַԼ˼İ, ϤȾ, ҴѸ, ⧲̶ղǶ, ʼŰ
ʱеİǶˣҹʰң׼뾩˭Ҳ֪ڶ᲻ԼҲȾһʱĻ̡̻
ةһʱɷǣٳǣ۱ˣʱҲĵڹʳӯʹ;еĹ˲⣬ʹ˾Ϊȫ֮ء
бϯǽʱ䣬أİգ˵ҳţֵĽֵһƬǽ壬̡
ֱ֮׸Ⱦʱе̫ҽҲûҵĽҩԴ֪ǺΡ
»̥ĳ֮ףǲշ鼮絽ȴŶͣЪ
ݿԼæʱʱ˶֮׾ȻûЪϢҹʵڲ֪ΪùԼӡ
ÿ࿴ʱҲҹ
ݲ
֮Ŵ̧ͷ͸¶ż˿ƣЦЦ޷Ӳܡ
Ҳ˵˴ᱧֱӷϣں˽ԼҲϨ齡
ݴӱų֮ף֪֮û˯ӺȻĹУ˸ʵλá
ݣұоոԼ
֮ںڰдݶУݱֱһʵΪ½
֮׶һ£֪޷ݣֻ̾κʱ򶼲̫ݰˣӰ˼Σ󻹲֪ᷢ£׼ҲᱻĴֲҲΪЩ顣
Цһ֮ףѾΪ˺ܶࡣ
֮΢΢ҡͷδͣݻ˫ۡ
һҪ飬ûΪء
µףƻ
۴ź󹬹ˣǰȥй궼ǽһйģ̫ڲ࣬۱ֱ̫Ӵһ࣬Լȥй
ǰԶԸھǸ̫Ӽۼ״ˡ
俴˾٣ʵΪ˼ݵһһȻݳ֮ʱ£ةฮĹϵ
񽫴󲿷˼ةฮϣʮ±һͬѾԻة벻߻ҪӼֱ棬ͬڣ⼸߶ĺƵʲô歡
³ʱհ˳ǽ˾һЩŮǰȥͬʱҲȥةฮͶ
ЩŮ۾ˣƽﲻͻǴ壬ңڣϤӦǰȥ
ةฮڣ歽ӵҲ˼£߼ЩĶӣ˵ȥգֻĪԪ̫߽ةฮƫ̻κһ֪ģմˣ
ƲƲ죬С̣˽
ţ˿ΣҪͣȴʲôûٶ˵
歼˵ǷƣԴɻ˾һֱ£ʲô˵֪ǱȢԼһ㣬Լǽةฮϵŵ԰ѻʹ̶ˮþйŮǰͽʱԪģܣв˵ʲôһ
ߴδͬշ齶˯歴ӲԹʲô֪ԼͰɶةฮ
ʱڣ֮ڰ֢伮˫һΪϵݡ
֮ŵΪյĴϻۿޣȷǺܻץ˼нӵԼĹŮҪ˻ˡ
˫΢΢ü֪̫ǰȥ֪˼Ϊ
֮һЦȥˣҲΣ֮£г˺£Ԫҵġ
˫ͷ˵ȥ˻ؾ˰գ㲻ϳ̫ڹаӡ
֪Լ˺ˣ
֮׺Ȼʵ
˫˵˼֮ۡŻةฮ󣬱Ȼˡ
մ˷ĿĲңǶ歡
֮룬漰ةฮҲˣϵҲֻ˵һ˵ݼ顣
˫תҪӵ֮ס
Īӣһǰȥ
˫ϾȣȰ裬֮ɫᶨûжԡ
ݻʱ֪ǲͬǰȥ֮ױ㽫ԼĹ˵˳
񾰵۲ھǣѡ¶ҪΪڴʱԼŮǰȥĿǶ٣֮Ƕ֪֪Щ˼¶Ѹةฮһ߶ģǷةฮҲƫ̻һԵ¶ԣⲢǺ£ةȻֹסģȥˣҲ̽һ̽˼
ԣ۵Ŀų֮׵֮ףӲ㣬Щչµȥ̽ɡ
֮ҡҡͷЦŮҵ˼Ӱܴ̽óģ°ģյٴҲгκ¶ˡ
ݼȰס֪δľƶԼֻӦµʱչ㰵лǰȥ
֮Цŵͷ
ʱֹչһ˰ͬݻǲӰ֮󣬳֮ЩΪԼҪʲôյء
ȥ˳ǽ֮ϣŮıǰΧһƥСַ׳ƥ˸ϡ
֮ڣյһʱ㿴˿ȣû뵽֮׻ͦŸǷ˼˼Ŀ正³֮׾ȻˣҲòӭȥ
æǰϵľȥü۴ЦأССʱԡ
ڵľйŮ׷ͬ正֮׶Ҫ
֮׷ףǰóԺúȵİһ֮žеļơ
з֮꣬ǲı歶ˣܹܺõĴٽ˵ĸ飬˵Щ强³֮һ̫ѹó֮˶ЩŲֽţϾһء
֮Ҳû̫ݾȻôʹ˵ȺȲԳԶϵ˱ܾòˡ
ڵģ붼ǾйŮǣǱͲŮǳڳսսģ֮ǰϲöľˡ
ȫΨһһƥغɫĸߴݺ۳ңҰС
ûˣлʱıޣԴʮûûлܹɲ߱ĸо
ջΪйһֱѹֵ£歲ΧĿ⣬ƥһΧѸڣֱԼһ󣬷ͣ£΢ŷĹŮͶĳ񣬵Ťͷ粽ߵ˳ϣûЩԾԾԵ顣
¹˾տɷյĴʱϣĵΪ˸ɾĲݸ
歽ӹûд
ΪԣͲ¡
֮ףЦˣȷʵͨ
ƺ΢Ƭ̣гЦ֮ײ˵
ϵǣȴش̫ޣҵĻֻʵǣϲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
⻰٣϶һ衣
ռ歾ȻӦƺĸв⣬ô˵ҲҪ߹ɡ
δ˵±˻һͬ
ԪȥЩСգӲ㣬ȻҲҪ³ǡ
֮ЦŶ˵ջ˵ʲôؾ˿ڣɴһͷ˵²ͬȥжڲ࣬ն㲻ˣҲô˻ᣬºúһء
ЦĽΣȴͷȲ裬۶δ̧
ȥˡ
˸ɴľܾһֲˣ˿ֻܱϵЦ⣬״ƴݵת³ȴ߲һ޳Ĺ¼޸Ȩ֮ӣԼ˿ѪԼ󲻿ԣةฮڣ˭ȥɫ
ʱϱֻ³֮׺歶ˣ˾ĬƬ̣δ˵
֮˼ϸ壬۲ĳ歶ϵʳﶼϲֻ裬˫õĸϡ
ȻҲֻԵĳһ飬δڡ
ϲóʲô֮׼״ʵ
歲ĿȻת֪
֮ɫһ٣ֿڵû˻غҵϲá
ڹгȨƣϰ߸ˣҪʣϲʲôұϲʲôϲʲôұϲʲô
ƽƽȻ⻰˵⣬ȴ΢΢˿ľ벻Ϊ֪ԼϲǺΡ
ֻǲһʵˡ
ʱɱڹ棬ֺøʣֺùֺûӡԼϲãͭϰЦᣬѧῴɫʹ棬ܱ빬е֮
ϰ歱ȴʱԼϲʲôʲôϲˡ
֮׶յЦ˵మʳ
̧ü⡣
칫˵ʳһ¡
ԺȻ֪֮״ǰةһ˫Ůֿѣԣ֪֮͸¶ߵϲãϾةฮ߲гķǴ龩ǡ
歲϶ЩȣǸհȻʳ̻ƵˣȻζ˵꣬ʳ
歵죬֮ЦŵͷȻ²յ˵ԵұҲ֪ˣ˲Լ칫ʡ
歿̫Ϊ˵Щ
֮ݸֻ˳ˣҽ˵ģǳλ
˵㽫ŵ˳յϣմʱϣƵ黹ʱʱתϳ֮׺ϣ޲˫ǧǶ˱Լ˵ʲô
ᵽգһĨЦ̫ˣұڹǣöˣҲһЩ˵һССŮʼңΪԼǷˣЩС˼һ
֮ԣһԭΪǻᱻڲƭǸ
˳֮еɫǹ˵ЦҼةฮΪΪԶ׸ˣةฮڣȻةŸɣةฮڳгұұ˭ʲôʲôͬһ£ңɲ˷ʱ䣬̫ӻӣҶһѪϵƫ̻˭һʼҵѪ֮飬Ҳա
ˣ˳һСʵܣСǰ˺ףǺ󣬼ٵĽ


76 .  ˮ   ֮ةԣǶǰ
Ѯ, б࣬Ϸʮĺֺ, ݻٻ, ս, عԱæھǣǰȥްӿ顣
Ȼû, й, ⵣα䵽˴Ϊ̫ϡ
Ŵ£û˯, ҹ˼֮һģ̫չ, Ȼ޹, ϲãķһգˮ֮Ʊ㲻֪Ҫ߶ٰյ
̫£, ة໽, ةڳжţ±ʣԴ¶һԼļ, Ӧһԡ
˼һ, ⼸յ糯֮, Ѳһִ̽£ةʼûж˵ʲôеĹԱûкõĽ֮
ݻȡ̫Ľ, ˽ŵةฮةǰ
ةһǰñδͷϣٲȻһ׷ǰֱȵģ
ڵȺة࣬ǰüͷ΢΢һ
ةйȻֱ߲ˮһӦȫ಻ԣл˼
ݼةڲᳯ£㿪ֱ˵ջةǰǹһʣةοϷŴһ¡
ةֱӣеĲյڵ̫ӵ˼գջǻϳǰκϳڴʱߵνѣȥةฮ̫ӵɡ
üĮة˱ɿϷѣҲԸˮ֮߹£δةฮѪΪΪĺա
ةЦҡ׵֪ռϳҲдԤҹйڻϣʱϱּ˴£̫ӵ²ձЪ£Ⱥյּ⼴ɡ
ݶʱ֪ةฮֻڻϣϽһةһֱı֮ܳиλλةδ̫ӵݡ
۴˾Уˮ赣ˣھлۿۣδΪݶԣһο飬
ʱλ׵ݣ˿Ѫ죬ةһ¥ԺȵģԽ
Ȼȴ𣬱ĪҪЩֶΡ
ݵǷһĽ֮ϡ
ةǰұһ裬Ʒ
ŴĴ֮Ц֮ͦŶӣл̲̤ڣЦչ¶Сɵľѡ
ةʱվû뵽ܼ֮ף֮ةԣȴһˣǶǰһˡ
̫¾ǰϳҡ
֮Цŷ²յ˫ææ衣
δةˣӲʣݼ˵ƫɽϵȸ࣬ұһ
֮Ц󷽣Ϊݲ裬ة඼ЦѾͷǺʱһ飬˲㻹Ÿϳݲȡ
֮һЦ֪ةˣҲӦܵǰŵºة̸£಻ţʱѹˣة˲ڶţȥةమԵϺ
ϳԺζ̽ˣϳȻʢȴ
Դ֮׽˵ةϵЦûͣ˺ĺϲ£졣
֮ײͷЦһ£ǰȻܿݷ˿ԣţĪó뽩֣ةฮ治ʲô֮٣ȽةˣԵֲЦˣο֮׾ة಻ǰ֮ˡ
еĨѪɫڿ֮׵Ӱɢȥǻָ̬߾š
һͳԵة⣬θڣԻһֱԼŮݼȤ£żҳةԽϲͳ֮˵̾˵࣬ϳ˼ݼˣ뾩˾ãؾϳ
֮ЦŰة˷ſģݼЩʱձˣÿÿܴżпʮֹ˵ġ
ة۴Ȥ˵Щ强
֮ЦǱ㲻˵Щˣ𶫹һȤ£˵ة˽ƣĪҪЦҡ
ǰЩʱվд裬ԺǰˮһԵҩԶ໵ˣһԺӵˮɰʯˮؼӹ̼ӸҲܺãҩԵҲˣԺˮ»ţñӽˮһưһưҨȥء
֮ҡͷǳЦһյӡ
ةԣȻ֪е˼ʧЦĿ۶Բ߶ݺͳ֮ףһ¸ź룬ŻʵԺлˮΪβˮԺвˮأưҨˮҪҨ£
֮һ˼һ˲
һ֮ĳˮͨˮأٴˮ㻥ܼ
򵥵һ仰ݶʱν֮ѣԼ뽫̰ɼӸߣȴܽˮƺ֮Уܽȼü֮ºټӹ̵̰ӱǡ
֮չһЦлة˸֪Ժȥɡ
ةվ˵ϵ壬ЦϳҲлظˣջҪл̫Ӻ̫µʢ
лة˷ָ㡣
ة࿴˿ݣڰ֣ת
ة֪۲͵йȥˣ˷͸һ飬òֵ͸֮һ飬ֵá
ʱ޵ڡ
ϴĶˣϣݴӱų֮ף°ͷĥЦ֮ףлл㡣
֮ü𣺡ΪδߣȻ۵¡
ݴǹֻ࣬£ḧ֮¡Ķӣʵ⼸գ㣿
֮ԣЦ˵µӣúܣңȭˡ
æЩʱգɢġ
á֮Цŵͷ
ıǳ֮׵ĲգһƬ
գ֮ϡ
ܹϷ֮йԱ׷׳޴˷֮ĺãԾ󻼣ٴĺˮҲµ̰ӻٻˡ
˸֮࣬㿪ʼ˼˭ǰȥϷˮ
δ˾ټɨһڳ˵Ԫ⼸ʵ࣬ΪϷˮһ°ݷ˲ˣֻΪһ֮ǹ֮ģ֪οʵܵǴ˴ˮĲ֮ˡ
̫һйԱڸ͡
ЦԵ˿ŤҪ⼸Ѿ˼ҪýϷˮ֮ΪʲôΪıܸ߳һȣ̫Ӵ˵飬Լȴշǣһ۴йؾȻ̫ܣԼһ˿ӡ
ôҲû뵽̶գݱ뵽ˮ֮һʱԵԼ޲ܡ
̫ӵ¹ֻΪǣΪѣݷЩС²ҳݡȻдģȴ̫ӵ֮ܣݷ˶˶δ뵽һ֮ðȻǰȥˮҲ̫֮ͨ˼
俹һЦĺͰȴЩҧá
ˮǷӪǣ뾩ǧˮ˵ҲҪһأž۲ڣ֧ǵ˼νĿã˿̵ĵ׵Ǻ޵
˵Ԫǲȥˮ
һȻȵףЦЦȻʵܲȥ㲻ȥգȷʵӪƫԶʵδԶţھнˣԶȥӪǳʲô¶ˣԵǹµĲԡ
䣬ǬԪڶˣڳӣûҴ
ڿյףϽӣµĻ˵ڡ
ʱʷ˳У̫ӵ´ԲףԪΪŴҹ֮⣬ϳԪˮΨһѡҼҪӪȥˮҲӦǻּ
˼ǣ̫ûȨ
΢̧ЦһȻ˾òףԪǰȥӪǣδɡ
´ʱƬ̧̣ͷ⡭ϳʷᶽٹʮ꣬Ҳδйʷһְ뾩ȥطˮȻ¡
ۣ㲻ȥڹǰԲʲô졣
һ仰´ʱҲɫһޡ
ˣȥⶥѵĸñǸˣҪڰţϼѣɫҧĴ䶼һѪζҲֻ¶ǡ
ֻڣһСݣʱװɲݰˣʵ˭ĺǸ
ձǰȥˮ֣֮ˮ֮еӪǰա
˿ڣݲŲĿȥǹ˱ãʵгЩˮȲá
Ԫڣյŭɽҡ
ȹڱҪȥȥݵѯʡ
һԵüסֶԼķ͸ףڳ֮ϱ˲棬һ磬俱ҪԶȥʲôӪǡ
ֱ̫ŻڹУǲ£Ϻ͹عҿţ
俼ŭǷƣ˵ĸ뾩ǧԶʱкá
ջ˽俻пߵ£᲻룬´ȥҪʱ䣬·;жҪԷһ·ƽǡ
鲢ï俺뷨Ц᲻ã뱾ͬȥ
ǳ֮׿ΪݴӾܵǧĽ𶼳ǣǰȥӪˮҲ޲ɡ
ӽһ˲ǿЦЦ俻н֪⼸նӲˬҲ˵׼ջҪ빬̫ҽǰһ
һؾ֮ԣɫʱ£һѾͳ˻ˡ
Ҫкã


77 .     ȴΨһһϯǡ
Ԫʮһ, ԪǰȥӪˮ
ͬѮ۴Ǵйؾʱ̫ӼдС, ֪Ϸˮһ֮, ݴ׵, ˮ֮ǾǲǰȥӪ, ѵܹ, ͬҪ£ϲּ, 켫Ϊˣ޼˶ԪҲһͬմ˹, 褹ľƽʹ˲
褹Щʹ, ˵ԼĻʶԶӪǣ䲻оǰΣգˮǻ, 褹ڹﵣǵĳԲ˯, ûٰԹڶ
ѹ΢΢ת֮ӱЩܲס, ÿնԼһ, жԽԴ, ·Ѳ㣬źм˫ʹ, ʱ𴲣ֽͣն̹
֮褹ͷĸ¶ˣ֮Щᡣ
ݿ㣬۲ѣÿնʱֻΪ˸֮ȣƬ̡
һտ֮۵ΧۿתлҲų֮׵ֱ֣Ե֮ף⺢ӲҪˣ󶼲ҪˣҼֻܿ࣬Ҫá
֮׺ۣ۵ĵѾݵĻǵЦԷǡ
˵ʲô̵࣬ġ
໳̥˰˸£˵ҪܲҪġ
ֻǳ֮׷Թ˲Ͼ褹ЩĵСһֱЩʡĵѾ֣֪褹֮಻ܽЩСˣֻķ
µ׵ʱ褹ȻҲˣ֮Щ֡
ڴ齼ʱݲųʵ˵˸£Ӫܷ˳һ㶼һ᲻ǰȥɧˡ
֮ŻȻȻЦɽݻУȻ˯
Ҳֻи֪ô褹ˣԭǣ£յı俵ʬ塣
һ仰褹ıףҲֻܰˡ
֮׵Խغ󣬾ͺٳˣƽճȴпҩ伮Ժɢɢ
ֱʮ³֮ʱ֮ײӣ硣
ʵһǰȥŵó֮ײǰҪ
֮ȴǣҲҪڽո˳棬Ӹ֮˶֪Ƕŵˣ˭ҲС
Ӹֳүӿνֿ˻Լӳɻ飬̫ˣǺεȵ٣㳣֮ΪҲֻһ鸻̵ӸޣʲôʱۡҲûݸ߹֮ˣүӵЩѵصͬʱ඼׷
ԭδôصϷˣһ뷨ҲϵİˣΪŶϵ޲ʲô
֮֮ҪЧﵽˣҲͦŶӣӸЦգǶЩľڳ֮˰ݣ˸ʹϵʡȥ鷳齫˶ʮ׵Ӹ֮˶ϹϾ֮ױ
ǰôӦ¼λ»֮˰ãʱѹ֮ײ׼ض
һգʱݻ˶ǲ˵̺֮ˣԴˮ֮ݽȡ
֮׻Ӧ¶ЩϰˣȤҲûĸ̫̫ܵӵź򡣡
ݿȥһգͳСܲͷȣиۡ
ʷûλ̫ӣ̫ܵ顣̾㣬ӦమϧԼӡ
̧̧֮ȣ۵Ľƴݵϣӷ׵Ӱ뿿ڴ齼䣬ȷмƣۣͷڨЦµģٲˣЩԲ
ݲͷᴥĶͷϧ˯֮ף㡣
֮ƣգգۣƽӣлץݵ°ڣ˯¡
Ƭ̣֮ױȵ˯ˣŵΪȥصϸĵΪֽţǺýǰյ¡
Ȼһӻ⸣ߵ˵£˽
ݲͷһ۴ϳ֮΢΢ü˯գ򿪵ţ䷴ֹϣվڵ²մ˵Ǻˣȥ
ɥūҲ˵˵Ҫ̫õУūŲţæͨ¡
üǲõۺˣǲˡ
ԣֻǣūȥ
Ȼʱﱻƿ֮ŵ£վڵǰæУʱǰҪ£ȥԺȥ
˳֮׵Ļæȥˣɻˣ˶֪Ҫ̫ӵ·Ŷý̫ӵ´Ӳóʱ㶼̫ģȻ̫ĻҪ
ݼŵŶӣʮֲվǰŹؽΪϣȴǲʲôֵҹ֮ʱҪ㱨˯¶Ҫӭ
֮׻ݲˣæЦһͬǰȥգҲܲµǺ£ȷĪҪ
治ã۲˵
֮׷̧ͷյǰĴꡣ
ݣһͬȥɣòã
ֺ̧ۣ֮õʱб̾˿ֻһΣӲ㣬󲻿¡
֮æͷӦ£һͬǰȥ
м̫ҲˣæдȻŻŻŵĶԳ֮˵̫£ʱյĸţ˵ϼڣһߣ֢״ȫһ£ұ˲ҹæǰϢߵ£ҽҹҪҹ뾩ǰȥأδɢǰȥ̽һζ𡣡
֮ԣɫ󾪣أҹǰȥҲҪһɡ
еͷĻòһ¡
֮׿˿ԼǿĶӣ̾˷ǰȥΪ׵κӲ֮Ǻ޲ձվȥء
ȥغ󣬶Ҫʱʱ㱨ϧӲ㣬һͬǰȥпҪ֣֮üʵ
аڰֵ̫ӹأǧΪأһĪҪ̫ǰȥȾòʧ
֮˼ȥȷʵ벻õͬһͬǰȥˣѰ˲ҽ಻֮ƣ˵æȾظΪ鷳
ֻ֮˵˷ҪˣҪΣкҪ˵еҩԿɴȥã̲Ժøø㣬ҲֻЩ̽һ£鷳ˡ
֣֮صĿ£æӦ£û̸㱨±㼱˹
ȫͬɻ󲻽⡣
Ϊ
˻ص޵ڣ֮ڴ֮ϣϸϸĽ֢״ԼĿ̸ֲ֮ߣ֮׶˿ΪǿЦ˵´ǰһֱԹҲӣڿЩҽҩ伮ұҹļ¼ͶԲߣȴһֱЧ΢ʵ֮ʬҰõļء
ݷų֮ϣĿ£ȴɻΪ˹һ£´ٹأ΢΢没ʤֻ֮һвֵԼӵİȥڹע¡
֮׶ʱݴԼԣֻ没֮һ
Ҫ̽ѰЩ没ĸԴͽҩһӶѰꡣ
ȴΨһһϯǣкʬҰߡ


78 .  ˼֪   ܼ˼֪Խ䣻
ճʱ, ̫ҽǰ
֪һ£æʰԼҩ, ź̫Ӻõú, Ѫ˳, ̥λȣϷǰΪѾͷǿ׳ӹ, 㾲µӰա
⻰ó֮һЦ, ̫ҽҴææģͷ㼱æҪȥģ
̫ҽҩ, ѽһϷȥģϽȥ׷Уһȥذ
֮׵ɴ˫ۣҹѳ뾩, ׷, ǴΣգϵҪȥ
ϷⱲӻûʶôߣ˷ȥʱ̫ҽۺ룬Ѿͷ͸¶ҵģҰʲôĽҩ, Ϸȥ˽没, Ϸˣȥʶһ񲻰׻⼸ʮꡣ
̫ҽ˵ľҪȥ, ֮׷ӳ, æüĪҪС, ҪǰȥעΣʱʱͨš
̫ҽڰֲ͵ĪģϷȻ
˵ͳһС, ӵ˳֮׻ЦδСµıϷǰȥأµױ̫ҽΪա
˱ˡ
֮׿̫ҽ޲÷ȥصıӰҡͷЦ̫ҽȷǸ۲۵ҽա
ֻպС̫ҽȥˡ
ʮµףһƬŵķΧС
̫ˡ
̫ҽڶһһҹδõһӤ䡣
иǴδй㷲ʱ糯ȲҪض
̫ҽʵһ仰ǣ̫ӿɻкΣգ
̫ҽԭ޽ŵ̬Ⱦĺ˵̫ӵ£̫ӺǽʣֻŮķЩʱ䣬̫ӵĵȺ򡣡
Ȼڶգݼδйнǲѣüڣ߬ȫǺգʱʱŵڵг֮ѹֵĺ
ճȵ䣬һգ˵һѩӿƮɢ£Ҳӳǳǳķɫ
ҹɫ֮ʱڵǴһӤ䡣
վ첽ȥ̫ҽǱŽеССӤصϲ̫ӵϲС
ȴۿȥϵĳ֮ףʪգԼЦһ¡

Ԫʮһʮ£̫ŮӤҹշ֮ɫӳ죬˻ĲѣͬǰնŴŮǷ̥ѩѩ֮ƣ֮ס
̫Ϊ˼֪
ܼ˼֪Խ䣻˼ֹ֪԰ˡ
۵֪СֻһʥּԼ͡
ͬף´֮ϣС࣬㺿޲ֹۼۺһ˫ۺͿЦǵþͷһȴΪϲԱС֮ţ˽Ծ
Ӵ˾۳谮СƣһʰгǶԻ̥ļơ
Ԫʮ꣬ΪСڹ޽һ滨԰˼֪԰
ͬģȥйΪ˴С̫ͬӺ̫һͬǰй
֣ͬеһϹѣСΪԣϤƷ͸˶
ͬСѧѻᷢΪ硣
ץϣСӵеһ˫ֱĶһԵ⣬ˮֱ£ٶǵ˺ôЦֱ˵е㣬һݵ
֮׶ЩΣС޴־һֻųԣҲԼˣȻҲЦһ
ձ˼֪ضȻǣץϼ˿˯ȫޣ֮ô嶼岻¡
üţС˼֪˵˯Լ
˼֪ϲãСһƲ죬۵һͿˣίڳݲڵ˵ľľ֪֪ءҪС
ĸңҪС硣
֮׼״ͷѣһ˫˼
˫æȥˣ˼֪Ŀ죬üͷԽԽȫû취֮ʲôУֻҪ֣֮׺ݶ˿ûжԲߣֻٰܰεĿ֡
ʱ˫ˣѿСµ˼Ӱθ࣬Ҳϰ׳ʵ࣬⼸꿴Խء
˼Ժʱ˿һţ˼֪Ƴֹϻ飬һ˫ͮͮĴۿˣЦ
С
˼ǰĽϡ
С˼ߣܹɵģ֮ڷ˵Сϱ˯գҲʵ޷ˡ
ԸԸٰһ
Ͻȥˣ˼֪ڱ˸˼Ĵһ֮׶û뵽ֱӡʮ꣬Ǻˡ
һգ֮׶ƣĻص޵
ϴʱ֮ײп֪֪Ӳ֪˭̫Ƥӡ
һЦų֮£˵֮ʱ㡣
֮۷ϣУʱŲȡ֡
˭ʱ͵ȥ졣
Ц
̧֮һΪ㡣
˭ϲժӳԣ
ӡҲǸԵѽ
ܳȥ͵Ǯ
ݡĪ˵ˣ֪֪һ𡭡֪Լʱǰԡ
֮ɫͨ죬ıݡ
ݱĹĵգǹ𣺡֮ףǺӣжֻһˡ
֮һ٣ˡ
ҪиѸͣⷬ
֮׻δ˵ܾ֮⣬ѱѹ£ݼԵϢȫڣӲ
һҹ
ڶգ֮Ȼһ˯ͣʱ˼֪˼š
˼֪Сͣľ档
֮СӣձĸƤ
˼֪תͷ˼䣬ίСǱǡ
˼ҡͷް
ְѳ֮ĹǺСѾͷ׽ݣݻм־£ԼʮƤ
˼֪ϲС磬ϲܸʹͶĻүүˣν첻µز£ܰѶƷ죬һ˹һģװĹɿɰ
¹ùǰĲУ˵ڶڵ¼¹ùöš
ʮһ³ʱһƬѩ
յһżǴض֮æţһĿʮѸٲ鿴
һʱ䣬ҲѾССյк̫ҽʮżǱƽûѰκйݡ
Ȼ˴εżȴͬҳּֽ
ǸȾƫƧɽ壬ûһѣȫ֮£ûɢ˵֮ˣ֪¡
к̫ҽأΪѰ˷Դһһʱ䣬ڻ첻ˣǷһЩ˿Դͷ
ԣԴ


79 .     ܾ֮Լƺʲô
̫ҽѯ˵صˮԴ, ɽȪ֮ˮ׳壬κ, Ҵ֮˻ųˮԴ, ֵڴ, ѯйҴ֮£©Щϸ֮, Ȼķ, Ҳûи
ֹ󣬱ƫƧ֮, ֶѰգǻ˹뻹ǲӿ, ˶ּ鵱ذʳ֮, ɽ滷ɽٴӶڲͬɽͷɽУˮԴʳɽȡ, κ
ɽеĢɼһ, ̽ǷйأȻ֮
̫ҽеǷˣɽд, ȫ, ܽɽֲﶼ̽һ, ¾ǺķѸʮʮ꣬н
ȥ˵ڴ壬ȥѯҴƽնʲô, һʲ֪ԭҴΪƶɽ壬ʱԶԲΪǴж٣ܹɽԵ˸٣ʳûж٣ÿ궼ʡԼã˵һǰҴгˣΪʱ͵Ҵ˱㿪ʼץ󣬽ըĳ£˻һʱļ
Ҵ˾⻹óԣһʰֱ˻ӵİ
̫ҽ˵֪Ϣչ˶Եĵ飬һ鲻Ҫķ֮Դ
֮׿ż˶ñʣʱ䲻ˣһ겻ҪھǱһҪڱ֮ǰԴϡ
ݻصʱ֮׷һžǵĵͼ
ݴס֮ײŻع񣬲ͷº»ģ
ݲŻʲô񣿡
֮׻عɫ£е󡣡
΢㶣ΪΣ
ΪΣ֮룬˸ɡ
С࣬Ǹаմ಻㣬͵˵󳱣ܿ࣬Ӱ쵽
֣֮أݱɫ࣬ɻ󣺡Ҳδžй󳱣˶𣿡
಻ೣ֮ײֻ֪žκһֻ
Ӧˣ˵ұʣС£Ӧܿ¡
֮׵ͷ΢ſġ
ݼ˽ţ뻳Уĺ󱳣ʵ֮׿ʲôõԤУ
֮һ㶡
ݼ빬ʱԤһĹϻд̣ˣ˴οͬʱһ㣿
֮ԣͷݻУԥƬ̣ŵͷ
εԤУȵ깬绹ҪµĶࡣ
ԣҲü΢΢ͷ˫ıס֮ˣܸ֮ܵӵıĪ£ڣҪʲôҡ
ûʲôԤУûٸѰ׵Ҫ֪ΪʲôЩԤУֻǵıų֮ףеĻԸΪе¡
֮΢΢ϢȫϢС
ݶĺãⱲӶġ
а࣬ұ㲻¡
ʮպ󣬾кȻһ֮硣
ǳּйԱͷ̫ҽԺƵҩҪһټ
˿ɶ˻ˣǸҸͷ۵ڣץҲץҲ򲻾ǽǵ򶴣ҹ͵͵ͣ˭Ͽ콫ˣ쾩еİǽʮϣзҩڽ䴦
̶һµʱ䣬ǵһ룬նԳ͢Ĵ˷ٴ޲ڣ˾۶УȻΪԵã̫ӳģּȻԾ۸ж¡
ʮµףζŨɧţǱҪϲ١
֮׻ǲģ˼֪˼˹Ƕ˷ŵǱԺȻһȥ˳֡
ҪȥãȥǼ̿һȾˣ̵
֮ȥʱҵҲδǰȥ⣬ɥԴ̯ǰ¡
ͼݣ⡣
ȵ̧ͷ֮ԹӭЦ¶⣬ݸ˫ʱһ죬ʵϿҵ˵ˣЩʱһ֮ˣҼ˺üͷʣµļͷҲݳƤǣʵǲˣʻЩϣұˡ
ʵ֣ó֮׶˼ֺøУҡͷ޷Ǯ㣬ֻȥιꣿ
ɥǿһЦŹǣͷ
˵ţһ
ܣ
ʱüͷͷû
֮׼״Ϊ˼м£˫һɫ˫æǮϡ
֮ȥһŮڵ˳ǸŮüۣû뵽пǰ⣬֮׺ɫҲ˼֣ת۱ʵ򣬷ŵҽ
֮ûᣬת˫ȥ
˫ȴСһ䣺Ȣ˸˿̱ĸˡ
֮ЦҡҡͷĪˡ
֮׼ֿӣ˿ģǻẦ֮ˣ̵ȥʵԼʵ⣬˫һӣ꣬Ӧǲˡ
ص󣬳֮˽ˣ˳дһŵأѯ̫ҽǷҲǱڵԴͷ
ڰºյ̫ҽĻţʮȷ˵Ⲣް֮ױҲҲȷʵԣӲóԣҲ޹ֺҵȥ
ʱµףѹе֮ڳ࣬ƽǵҲټû
Ԫʮ£мֻϤǽԻգδֹࡣ
֮׷ĵͬʱҲдŴߴ̫ҽо龩ڰ಻ҽҩ伮鿴ܹÿʱ˼֪
һ˼֪ССĸͷѻᲽǵվ·ʮЪһЪ˼ڲ̧࣬С첲ҪС籧ֻг֮ڲ࣬ܳǿϰʱۡ
Ҳó֮ʡĲ٣˼֪ﲻһԸʵƭˡ
ϤˣΪǸİްʵȴˤ˸ͷԼƨվǿӣҪ¹Ƿ˿˵һˡ
ʱǵó֮׿Цã֮⹬˼֪ССͱ켣ˮ˭Ҳ鲻˵Ҫ۸ˣ˭ȸ״¾͵үүǿ޳С
֮˻ѵ˼֪Ķ˵˼֪ƭ˱ǲԵģҪѧ̹ϣ¶ˣСһҪԴ𣿡
˼֪ѵίһ˫ﺬ飬ק˼䣬Ƕ󣬿ű⣬һ仰Ҳҷ
˼ȴȥˣֱӹڵϣϿϴ̫£ƽûпÿĪֿ˼֮
֮׶ˣ˼ʲôϵȻô
˼֪ڵϣҲװˣһĨᣬģѧŹ£˵ľСҪ㷣֪֪
֮ηǶˡ
ӻ֣˭ҲûзȽ˼֪ȥڣ˼һˡ
֮׿ǰĺӣüۼ̾˼СſպҪ޷죬ԹƽǷӣװġ
˼ͷ˼֪
֮ײ⣺֪Ϊλǰ㻤
˼ȴΪңӦſҿ̫ҸӦá
£ó֮΢΢һ٣֮һֱԼһ㣬ʱ̶Ҫر
֮׳֣˼Ƭ̣ǰ
֮ױЦ̧֣ǰһͷĪҪԷƱⶫСˣҵ㣬ûҪ㱨򸶳ʲô֪У֪֪һģǶֻҪúãұ㰲ġ
˼һȣ̧ۣЦˡ
Ƭ̺󣬲ŵһֱ˵ȴδԵĳƺ
ǣĸ
֮΢㶣Цŵͷ
Դˣ˼Ǵ˼֪Ӧ֮û뵽һ̸˼ģӳ˼֪ˡ
֮׼״ҲȰǣٹϵҪãܱȹϵҪʡĵĶࡣ
³֮żӳȥбԺʱʱ¹ùãԼȥÿ
Ȼȥڵ¥һͬţҲУֻǶӻδԻ֮׺һڵľ飬ָౣ̥̲֮ҩ
¥Ÿڣ˳Ŵ⿴ȥպܹһָ̡
֮ײԾ㿴ǰȥǼ̣жһ˿ȣǼ̣Ȼ˳ӣǰȥǰĲҵྶͥ
񿴳˳֮ϵɫԽ͵ܼ˻ȣҲ֪ΪͻȻնϲҵ⣬ҿڿഫȱҶҪ㣬¥⣬¶Ǵܼ
֮ʮֲ⣬ϵˣʵҲҵ⣿
ͷ
Ҽǵǰܼ̻ȥĺȻ˻𱬣
Գ֮׵ʣҲö֪˼һ˵ȥ¡
֮ȴҡͷĪҪˣ̥Ҫȥ顣
գ֮ױǰȥܼ̣ѰһڴŶӣаʱ֮á
̯λǰĲܣѵĸˣӦĽᷢޣǸ˼֮½ɴΪ֮æһЦҪ⣬С
֮ЦЦҪ˶⣬Ȼѯʵǰһ⣬֪ҽ࣬벻̶̼£ܼ̱˺ˣ֪
Ǹ˸ЦԼǣǰҼȷʵȻϸһϵõݣϺõ⣬ʵǵ˾ȼãнյĺ𡣡
֮Ե˵ͷĴһʵΪβܣ
˴ɫһ٣̧ͷЦ˵ѽܽȾ˷纮Բ齣ֻܿϸ⡣
֮һЦδԣѸ뿪̡ܼ
ȥãȥܼҵ̸ܿ̽ѰǷֻǸȾ˷纮Ⱦ
˭뵽ȥһӱˣ֮߳׵ĸûֻǷ򸾶˲ֲܹܱͣȥӪˣǸ˱ʮȾ˷纮ˡ
˴Ϣ֮ײŷܸȾĲǷ纮еӦٳΪȾĵһˡ
˳ܣ˼ҵļ£ԼһȻֲá
˰οԼĳ֮ףȴܾԼƺʲô
ʾ֭Ҳδﲻԡ


80 .     ղˣȣѡ
Ԫʮ, 俴Ӫǹ龩ɹһʱ䣬Ӫǵĵ̰, ʱĽˮ, һһӪǵŮ, Ϊ檡
ͣķ˲ٵ, ֻҪܹ赲ס͵ĺˮϮ, ⷬǴһ
ֻԪڣһʱֵЩð
ͬ, ̫ҽҲصǣ˽Դ֢״׫дɲ¼ؾҲ̽Ľҩ, ҽһص̽Ѱ֮гֿ, ̫ҽнҽ
ػȴһ֮ǰҽģؾ̫ҽǾиʺԼ, ϴ, ǣл֮飬ô, ȥ
֮׼Ѿ, ȻӦ¡
µ, ֮˯ǲܰȣֲõԤУǴǰδй¡
ûн¸, δڵģԼȥãȷԴͷ⡣
Գ֮׵ģԭᶨﶼЩûüͷϷ̫ҽĵ뾭̸֮ӦǳûܹԴͷ֮̫»ģ֮ʱھж󡣡
֮׵ͷ̾ҹڽˡ
пο̫ʵǰģֻҪʳ⣬󹲴棬Ҳ޷κߡ
֮ԣϸʵԣֻҪʳ⣬
ȻҡͷˣеʳҲްΪÿֻ֮Դֻһֻ󣬵Ǿʳã㱣ǷԵһֻҲΪصҴ壬ʳʱ󣬲
֮Ȼĵͷ
΢ֵϴЦ̫޷ǱǵǾлᱬϷഥƶƫԶɽУǵİղ˵ôԣҲǼҼһʳˣ˭Ҳţⲻʳȥ⣬¾ܿĲǡ
еһͣó֮Īģס࣬ел˶
ʱ£дǰȥйԴ˼֪󣬾۸Ҫ˼֪ǰȥţ˼֪ССͱ֪ʲô˵ʲôܺþۿģſ̫Ӻ̫˳ࡣ
йһУȻҲȥˣԴȴգѻеҡ
褹Ȼץסκһĸ£Ѿؾٲǣƣʱʱ۴Է磬˵Ҫ̫ɼ檣ѡѾˡ
۱Ҳ̫檣˭Ҳ벻²֪Ǻ͸©˼֪Сھǰ۴ޣдʣʮί
үү֪֪ҪСֻ֪֪Ҫľءүүǲǲϲ֪֪ˡ֪֪ˣ֪֪ġء
˼֪һޣʱѾͷûˣ˵úúãӦ㣬֪֪С
ӿɰ褹Щ죬һ޲ܽ˼֪СѾͷ˺顣
֮׵ͦ˵ģû뵽Ѵ֮ͽһ飬йЩӿνĲѣѵԼŮ
֪֪˴ϻۣպǸСŮ
㲻֪߳ܵĿ䣬ݱһЦ˿˵ʵͬأ
֮Դ󾪣۾ҡҲ檣
ʧӣӿ࣬һѽˣ
֮ɫˢĺ֪ǹڲƭҪƿ
ݱ˻ˣ֣ܲҴˣ˵ĻֻҪ֮һˡ
֮ŴƬ̺ĵҵġ
΢㶣ʲô
ҵģʱǣǡ
֮ײܲˣץ°ڡ
ݶʱЦˣЦδй˿ʱ
ţ֮׵ģﶼǡ
ų֮׵֣ؿڣֻƣݵλãǵó֮˶һɫһֻϺӣ߳ܵĲС
ݴὫ𣬳֮׾һ£ɣ
кβɣ
⡢ǰ
½ձҪˡ


Ѯۺ̫Ӵйؾ֮Ҳæ˾õ£ղ֪ΪΣճ˸к֢״һʱæֶ첻ˡ
æµһյĳ֮׻ص󣬷̫ҽ֪ڹ˶ã֮׺һļǵĺ붼̵ϸߡ
˽ڣ̫ҽˮδһڣ㽫еһҩݵ֮ǰʮּѾͷ쿴Ϸҹģ
֮׿ɨһۣܿ㿴ҩѰ֮ȵӦ֢֮ģϾгҩˣ
̫ҽ⣬ڰֵҩ̸ϣֻԤ֮á
֮ɫһЦҲϲǹҽҽ̶̼ʱ䣬ҳԤ֮
Գ֮׺ĵĿ佱̫ҽҲеҲסˣЦû˿ţҩʮʮĵԤ-˳ɡ
֮ҩݸһЦұϵҩˣҪνͣ˵޷
̫ҽٺһЦյϷ󣬱õϡҩģϷʹüɡ
⻹õϡҩģһóǼֵǡ
֮ȻЦӦ£̫ҽǽõҩİգһֽҩҲԹԡ
ĽҩҪ೤ʱ䣿
֮һʣѵ̫ҽԭŵĺ붼
˵һأ꣬ҩѵģѵҩ
֮ԣͷȴǲиĶ̫ҽ˵ܶã಻ҪϡҩģֻҪܹѰýҩϿڣҶĵס
ó֮˵̫ҽҪѰĽҩ
µף֮׽ҩ˼ݣ͵ǱԺӸǰƺ£ҩܹԤ̲֮ḁ̃ܺ¡
֮׸ÿ˶Ԥ֮ҩֱ¥ﰾƴҩѷַǰŵĿˣǿĹЧðǺ£д˺£ǰȡѵҩ
ʮ³пʼæµſ쵽˼֪ҪΪ磬ͬΪ޽˼֪԰ڶ´˲˼֪ϲŵĻɼԻŮĳ谮ѵ˺ֵز
˾۲˼֪֮׺ݱûڶΪʲô˼׼˲ٶСһʱһ˼СԳ֮׺ľ֪֪֪֪ҲǣСֻ֪֪֪֪Сá
ԣ֮޶ԣ˽ԼŮ˵Ļʱܷڡ
Ȼڳ֮ó͸Сκ˼֪춼ֿ˻Сΰ֣Сţų֮׵ȹһڣʪ˳֮׵ϡ
ľ׹Ưˣ֪֪׹ϲľ
˼֪һ֮ױһЦǶ԰Ů޿κΡ
ʮµף˼֪ڹоٰ죬ֺƴһ㲻ÿĹ磬˳谮˼֪֮Ҳ֪˷Ǻǻ˼֪һ˫˸Źҫ滶ϲӣҲȥˡ
Ȼ˼֪Źʮһ³ʱҹɫнڶ֮ס
֮ݴС
м֮׶ˣǶ˲ˣ˵£ýһգղˣȣɫİߵ㡣
֮еĲյٿȻڵأʧɫ˵ʲô


81 .     һġ
ʱ, ֮ǰȥãݲһˣͬһ˹
֮, ֮еҽ, , ĬĬǧҪǰ㡣
úڵƻͨ, дæĴǽ, ŴϣȻһ֮׽ΪϤӰܡ
֮׿ܱĿڴ, Ϸڵ洦ɼѪɫ귢ϣǳĴؼ, һܳ鲻ˮĸˮ
֮ɫ, ĿĲš
һԵɫƵϷѰѹ˿չֵ֢״㶨ɡλ£⡭Ǻã
üͷ, Ȼ֮˵, Ҳ֪ǰʳտҽҩ伮Ϊߡ
֮», ǿԼ侲, һ˿, ˵Ľᷢ޻Ǳ֮ԴǺ, Ӧû
ڳ֮˽Ƿù̫ҽԤҩ켸û뿪ãСѾܳȥѰˣǰϸһ֢ܵ״࣬ҡҡͷ
һյĹ̵ܼĸ˱õУɫŻ֣̿žʵҼܺң
䣬㿴ڴϻ˯ѵܣǰڴ齱߰תͷʵοʱܳǰ˵Цļʱ˱ˣ
Ը˵ָлδ𻰣֮ױһüʵ⼸Ƿʳù⣿
Ǹһ˲˸촽䶯볣֮׶ӣȻȻ˵ǰһ캰ء
ҼܰȾ˷纮ȴõĺιҩ»ϸҸι⣬ǲ۰һұҪ٣ǵİն̫νúõ˿ز
һͨó֮ʵû뵽ӵͷۣһʱ֪Ǻá
ȴۣڴʱ˰ӰһӰǰץסϸֱֻۣһٰѹڵϣá
ϸоţ֪Ǵðģȣʱȣɱõ޷죬Ҫɱ
в˲ĺϸ˵֪ǰĶλǺεݣٲʵɴģ̡ܼ
ޣ
ϸһĭڵأŲӰͷݼӣҲڴѹǾǣӽ£ϸұ㲻ǻϲɣǻϣϸұһͷײ⣡
øģ̸̸֮ܶ⡣
֮û취ȴеǷӡ
һĨЦһֻ첲жˡ
䣬Ӱֶ̧£ֻŵĹ֮
ų֮ףǰûۿһĻ
ϸû뵽˵Ҷ֣첲ѵľʹ˻źһʱ˱Ϩ棬̱ڵأ
м״ۣٿ
˵Ҳˣ
ϸſڵʹ飬õһ֣ԭڴϻ˯ܣתѡ
ܻۣҪ̧ϰпæǰ˷ȡ
ܻ֮䣬ŵ˼˵ĶԻָ֣ŵϵϸİûںͺ⣬ɳƵͬɺԵĿݾʹָ˵ʵҵ㣬Ҫ͵ˣ㲻ȿȡ¡ҶѲ㣬Ҫſ˵
ϵϸŶѵĸ첲ɷܣǿĨᣬ˵֪⣡Ҳˣôնˣľ˲ϣͷӣȥҲʱò⽥ɫܾôˣ
⻰ֱӽԲָֹϸҡҡͷƣˣһӣҵۼ㲻˵˵ǣ
֮ܿף˼ɫλˣҲ֪Լǵ˺βʵ⣬ܱ뽫ʵ֪ǣܼ𣬷ǿʲô˾ȼãΪǶ۵Ⱑ
˵˵ţԼ˫ͨ죬ʲֹ
󣬴ڳգҼ֪ˣű˲֪͵֪˭Ĳԣ˵ۣҲζ㽫ע뵽⵱УԭЩͨ⣬һЩ󣬱Ŀڸлۣǰһʱ𡣡
һӣôõ򣬴ûɹֿ£ûţ׬ĶǺǮҼ³˲֪ٻأִҪǼҲԵ⣬ҼԲë
ܴʱ棬ڵƤɱ˵ңⲡɵģұҲأʮ˲ܳ
㣬ǰ䲻̣Ǹ֢һ£ģֻ֢ͨҪϱ·񡭡ҩҽ
Ŵ˻档
ͬڵϵϸסˣôҲ벻Լܡ
ʱף֮׽¶Щվˣ΢Σæ
֮״ɫȫޣַȻûзסԺвָ𾩳ǱذʬҰģѵҪһʷΪһƬͽ
ģֱһ˫ȵưס֮׻عĿЩĵݡ
ģʷݣþƵİ޹ɥ
£ǰա
֮ɬ˵Ҫ콫ϣһշǣһֹסɢǸһƬ򣬷֢״֮ˣЩȹԤҩˣӦްý˸뿪ټеǣ빬е̫ҽһͬԿ

Ԫʮ꣬ʮһ³ֵһ֮ˣʮպ󣬴˲Ľᷢպ󲡷̶յʱϣѪ
һʱ֮䣬ǻ֮˺Ȼҩöǰİգ಻֪˲Ϊεн޲ߡ
̫Ѹٽϣ·Ȼ۳գδ¡
ʮһѮеİǷìͷԣ˿ʼʰң׼ǣԼҲϿµ֢֮
֮ϣݼ۳ٳٲ·ֱڳԵʣ񾩳ɥٲ·ɢһʰ
ԣ˿⣺ǺΣ
΢٣֢֮꾡Ľͣͬة඼վ֧ݵķ֮١
һ⾹Ǹ˿ֲë˵ߣһ±æɫҩҽ޳ȥйǡ
˻һ֮϶ؿš
ûʲô±һҪ˺ˡ
ةüͷһ壬汯ݣ̾ϣϳô˾ٲףóȻ뾩ǵþһƬңջֲ̿ѣſ£˷ٴ룬ڹмǿأӵ
˼Ƭ̣Щֱ꣬Եة˵˵ӦΣ
ةԣ׿ϵӦ̫ӵԣǣǼݻҪ罫߿סİɥʹڱΪ˻ϵİΣޱ룬֮˲
ü˼һãڵĳ˷ةԣҲûһ¡
վ۲ѵ˵ة˵Ķԣ㰴ةԡȻ̫ᣬص㽻̫Укνչʱ޻㱨
ѸٵİȻ˭ܿóǾΪԼİΣ˦ָ̫ӡ
Щ˸ˣ俺褹ﻮôƶºˣۣϮ̫ӵǱǲѴ֮ģɨһжд̡
һ֪ʮа-Żȥ£׼ʥּ󣬱ھ˽ʾͬʱ֮ǰ֮˵ǻϱƬ򣬽֢״İո뵽ϳǣ¥ȹԤҩİհھбǡ
ʮһµףǳ׷
һ£Ѿٳǣ˶ŲѣЩһ뾩ˣ׷ңھǵˣʱİڱǣΣΪ״̫£Ⱦϱ·һʱ˶ڰߵ˼Уȥϳǡ
еڹ̫ҽָ£Ϥ˽֢֮ҶĺԤҩ
һߣҪݲòʱס˾ǵԪ֮ۡҪһͬ
ȴ̫ͬΣգڶ֪֪
֮ţü֪Σգôܷĵһ⣬ұǰ̫ҽ˴ҲܰϲæҶҪһͬȥ
Ȱסʱ˼֪֪ʱ˽ס֮׵ĴȲš
ľȥģ֪֪ȥģ
֮׼״ֿʼ˼֪˵ĸ㸸Ҫ֪֪СڶС㣬òã
˼֪գգƲƲ죬ϵҪãҪľ
ִⲻϣƽʱҲδ˼֪ô֮һʱ֪ô졣
˼֪ӦͿǶΣգҪľͺ֪֪¡
ҧֻأί۴ޣ֮һ¾ˣ˼֪Ǵ³֮׺ΣգƽٵƤճˣ浽˹ؼʱ̣˭ҲûĵҪˡ
޷֮׺ݴŰˣᵽ˹⡣
¹ùöӵԪڣƽùùÿ˼֪˼ˡ
ڹĵһգΪͬⳣ֮ðȥϳΪȾİտѵóһܡ
֮оݵ˵£ֻҪȹԤҩ㲻ǰ׵ıȾ񾩳ȱеʱȥˣܰĵæҶһ˱һˡ
üξȣ޷ǻ⼸ˣԤҩֻ֪ܷ-˳ɣȾҾͬ⡣
һζó֮żʲôһ˵ģѵЩк̫ҽǣչȾİգһУ̫ҽ֮ףһսΪҽߣ޷ӲܣҵλӦһͬʣӦǵµޣͽȦڸС
䣬ݱǰһס֮׵󣬽Уıס˫֣˿
ΪҵޣҲŲܣҲԸܵκв࣬
֮ףҲû㡣
һġ


82 .  Ű   ǰڽ𶼳ı
ھ, ֮סˡ
ǰڽ𶼳ıս޲ʤˣڴʱµӵԼ˫
ݵԺ, ֵЩʱج, еĳ쳣ʵ, ǳ֮׵Ӱ
֪Ϊγ֮׻һھһլڣһϢ, İջ, ½ɫİߵ㣬ЩѳƲϰߵ, صƬƤǺɫϵĳ֮׼İϤĺ΢, ʱпȥ
֪, ֢֮ӣĿľţδйıһ߽⡣
Ѻݲͷ֮׻˯Լ, 侲, ֪õξ
ξȴһ˺üգеľʵ
ˡ
ıǰ֮, Ҫ֮ڵԼڡ
ۿ΢, ˵֮, ȥ𣿡
֮ȣеһĨ, ֮ǻˣ޴ıݣҪִࡣ
֮׶ʱһۣû˿̷·һ飬֮СİţʱԼˣЩء
ݣҴˡҲǰ˵ҡһż챿Ǵ㣬ĪҪˣǻί£òã
֮ḧݵıЩ״ε˵ţֻҪܸˣá
ԣһЦôĴ㡣
֮ЦˣݣĪѹҺۣк£˵
̧ͷϸĿų֮毺õݣȻ̧ḧգдŲ̣εﱻˡ
֮ͫ΢
ھһլȾ
ݼ̵ļ仰ó֮ӶԭأеЩ֪֮Ǳһʵľ
벻ݾȻεǰԼǰôǲӣȴľ⣬Ƕۡ
֮סݵ֣ڻµʵԼȻչһЦݣ㿴ﰡûлȥòûߣ»㣬㣬벻
ŵôԣģЦˡ
ţΡ
֮׵ͷ˿ƽԼľкЦĶ˵֪еǣһᱣԼȾߣ첻ǰȥ˴βȥʩԮ֣ж԰뾡Լܵİĵ㣬ƽϢ˴ξߣһ˼ʱ䣬ȥѯ֢֮̽еİҪң̫ҽҪңҪҡ
ݣ㱣֤ԼվһӦķÿնʱԤҩܶôæµҶÿʱϳǽﴦ棬㱨ƽ
ݿų֮׼ᶨƵݣҫҫ˫͵Ц⣬ǰ
ǰ֮˶ԼκҪܾ̾ա
ݽס֣һ˿Ѫɫ
֮ףԼ¡
֣֮صĵͷıס
ŻˣһĨ嶸Ȼ
ɥұǵΪ֮ᡣ

Ԫʮ꣬ʮ³дѩ
׷Űѩ裬˪أȴȻڵסϮϳǵĲɱÿԴԴ֢֮İգл֣̿˿Ÿ̫ҽ¹ܾԼһ
ȻҽǣֻһĲš
ˣǰݽ棬ƣȴҪ˺Ⱦİǡ
̫ҽΪףǲʮλ̫ҽÿճȴϲ⣬ҹֵо̽Žҩ䷽ȴʼղýչҩνЧ̫ҽһҹݶ࣬ƴļǰأΪǵļ˶ھУ˭Ҳ뾩ݳ֮
ϳǵһǣǶʬ壬ʱڣ̿趼Ѳã̹ǣȥĴʱΪƤںصİա
ֻ֮һǰ˫δڲ࣬ĵ̫ҽˣ˭Ҳ뵽̫ˣ˲֮顣ֻΣûЩ֣֮ն֪̫֮ݣﶼһģΨ̫ҽǱϹϾȻʡȥǡ
֮ױ̫ҽһͬæµʱչ˰İգʱǰȥݵݻ棬ֻصڣ̫ҽһͬҩѰҶЧҩ
һգ̫ҽæÿֻһٷ
ûжԣûʱԣÿʱÿ̶Ͷ뵽̽ѰҩУΪǱ˭֪ʱ󣬽ҩΨһĳ·һ̽ѰҩһսΣ
쵱֮׿̫ҽ԰ϣ࣬ٲƽڹоڶгģ۲ѡ
̫ҽȴϾ˼ڰ۾Ķ̯ᣬصҩ伮ڰϣһһ㣬̫ҽЩᣬʼдʵԣҲԡȱһζҩȱһζ
֮Уᵽ̫ҽǵĽţҪҰǰ̫ҽѰԤ֮ûǰһ㣬̫ҽз׷׸Ⱦţиһң˾ţµһУڿɿصķΧ֮ڣ̫ҽҲû˶ɥǲеҡ
յʹ֮࣬׸ᣬΪҲһԱԺĸоĿ
һλǰڰߵĸŮſڵأס֮׵ȣ˻ƵĺɬŮСŮУȾҡҺ۰ǲǿҪˣ㡢Ⱦҡ
֮׶˵㣬ţڣһڡ
ǸŮ߲Ȼ£ų֮׵֣
Ůڱǡˣ鷳
֮ۿ΢죬ĬĬڸŮԣ˵ʲôͷӦ¡
ģЩߣ֪ǲһˣ̫ҽǶδ
̶һµʱ䣬ϳǵʬѻɽʮµףϳһȼܴЩѩʬ屻֮һ档
δ
£ھһƬɪ
Ԫʮ꣬һ£ֳˡ
ֻѰȾԪڣӴӪǴ׵ңȻ͵ϳǡ
֮׿ʱǿҪ裬ɫİߵ㣬Ǹղ⸹е̥ҲҪˡ
ȾԪڣиȾ˲
֮ʱȴ޵滨꣬ʲֹ˵ҲδʳóֵǼ⣬Ի̥ԺʳԵ£ÿյʳڵỼߣ̫ҽأ̫ҽɷȾңҲȾ߰
֮üٴѯʵȷûʳκʳ
ŮͷĨ᣺˶֤
֮ɻ󲻽⣬ˣԪɭϣ㲻ΪΪӵİΣҲ͸ڲǡ
ڴʱŮӺֹס˿˫ץų֮׵֣ˣǰԪȻʾãಹҩʳûκ࣬ǰЩʱʳù󣬱㿪ʼӲͻȻЩߵ㡣



83 .  ʬѪ   ǸɺõѪ
Ｄ, ͫڽǱƺĻںޣĻó֮׼
ʱݻ, ֮ױ¸, ˿, ѯʵ¹ùá֪֪Сǿɻã
ݳԺãĸ֮¡
֮׷, üͷ壺ֻ˲, Ҫžдң, ԪȾɺϣӦ, Ҫע, δǽЩֶڵϡ
һչȥ£ĪǣҶµġ
ݳĻϰų֮ס
ָЩ, ̶һ¶, նˣ֮ױ֪бҰȻİǣϳİպ, ǵеѹ, еϳǲ֪, еټĺͯϳ޿
ЩϳǵİոҪţȥϢŴҵĽ, ˭Ҳ֪᲻һԼǿ۵ʥּʱһ̫ӵʱбһȰģǰΨһϣˣֻҪûǣ̫ûзǡ
֮ûݹĽ̸㼱Ҵҵֻصտ
µףÿ꾩ǵƻͨĳϣһˣеһɪûϲĺֻһ˫˫ֻŵ񣬵ȴпĶոϿȥ
ʮպԪͬе̥һţִҵѾߣ֢֮ʱԪĻ̡̻
뾰ۣЯްعס۵֪俸ϵҺѾ߶뷨˵ʲôҲ빬褹ο֣ģֻҪأǻҲУȻУ˭ûԼ
ڣѰգҲ帮ۡڴ֢֮ЩԤҩҲȾ
̫ҽʮֳʹϵ˵Ϸٶŷӣ㲻˶ɥ
ɳ֪֮ѾõˣΣѾǰ̫̫࣬Ҳ֮һԣһˣȻһƬС
Щطó֮׾֡
ʹϷأֻ϶ϷŹɭϵĻʹز͸룬һǽ䱸ɭϡôľۣθȾ
˼ˣ֮׶ʱԽԽ鲢򵥣ж֪顣
³ݽ˳֮һҩֱ˵չԪóģһкβס
֮һӹǰҩģӦոҵĲҩ
֮ȥȴһס硣
֮ףˡ
֮׻ϸĿݸ
Ȼ
һѱס˿ֻƬ̣㽫ſвᣬȴ˵ȥա
֮΢㶣Ȼصĵͷ
´֮ʣעҪˣһƬƽ꾫ĲõĹҲȡ
֮̽ǰҩкüգļζҩľϵȣǸ̲̥ķ䣬ﶼȡһּҩҩɫɣȴζ
֮޷ҩǰȥѯ̫ҽ̫ҽҲδﲻףֽӹҩһ鿴ҩģڷʱ̫ҽ΢΢üһƬɫĶƤϸƣݵ֮С
ϸſͷǷЩ۵㡣
̫ҽЩ軨˫ۣһƬ
֮⣬ƬƤ£Ƭ̺ƼЩͬмǳ۵۵㣬筺ںɫƤϲƲУ˺ԡ
֮صڣϣΪλ۵㣿ĪܸȾҩϣ
̫ҽҡҡͷʮȷ޿ܣ⼸ƬӦǱ˶ֽš
԰ָָһЩƬЩް۵ģֻ⼸Ƭѣ켣Уȷʵ˲ײ
ԣ֮üҩҺδ֮ױ㽫ƺõҩһҪİǣţϡ
գǰǣţĻϡϡĵڵأҶҲ
գǣţĸںһƬ껨
һĻ֮𾪲ѣȻԣҩ⣡
֮׶ʱذףƬϵ۵̫ҽжѰһͬ̽ۼʲô
ţֿԼĲ²⣺ɫǸɺõѪ
̫ҽԣһȷЩ
֮ʱһµ뷨ٿȻ̧ͷЩѹʵʬ壬ѻϳǳǽ𣿡
̫ҽͷʬ̫࣬ģ㶼ѻˣÿʮ£ŻἯзһΡ
ʬ׵ĵط˿أ
̫ҽסֶտȾİˣ˭йȥЩʬ尡
֮һʱ̫ҽнǷӦ˹ɫ󾪡
֮߬˵¾˻أȡЩʬѪȾѪ켣УԺˣ˦֢֮ϡ
̫ҽȻ̾ҡͷôҲû뵽ԼƴƴľˣΪѰĽҩûûҹЩˣȻ˴֮ģҪɱˣĺ
ͬڣô²
ұ֮ˣѰİգ俵ңģȻա
ϣУǶ˱㵱֪£²Ӧֻ»Ŀֻţһᾡ̫ӵ£ѯᡣ֮ᶨ淢£ҪģǾҵҩðǾվǰ

ݵ֪ºչȥ飬ӰϳǷʬ׵ĵطЩ֮˾ǰȥ
ʹڣ褹ѾΪ֮뾰һ࣬۷Щλݣֱӷ褹ھƽڱ˼̤벽
褹ھƽڶҪյԼĻʶǷ񰲺ãʱȥŵԪ
һգ褹յһյżһµСƿ
żиƿǺŵĩβ޵褹˵ĸ̫֮λɽƿ֮취۷£±ֿɵá
褹ż󣬲֣ʱ㽫ջ٣ҽδ¡
գƽѾߺūǶ֣褹Ȼˣ˶ЩӦҹÿնЩ겻ģҲδУֻΪ˼УڻֻڹеŹϢ
Ȼֻ褹Լ֪Щսû˯ǽ׵Сƿ˼ǧ
Լʲô֮ˣں󹬵ûСλ֮ʱ쳣ģӾˣ֮λ಻ˣΨ俵Ǹλãſķ
褹뼧һǾΪүʱΪ檣⾰۾֣ϸǼʮʱ䣬Ҳ뾰йһʱյ飬Ļζһ
⳾Ļ䣬δĻλĸΪҪ
˼ˣ褹ģֿʼ


84 .  ı   Ԫ֮˻Ļϲ⣬
¼, ȾյûټȻѣ֮ǰ, 
ϳ̫ҽʱһֽ̽ҩ䷽, ԴھŰ, ̫ҽǹҩ˲°ٴΣҪ˵Щ֮ϵһҩ, дǧŶֹ, ȴʼûһǾгЧġ
ĸ̫ҽÿձֻ˯ʱ, ʱ䶼
µ׵һգ֮ճͷ̫ҽʳֻЩ׵ļҳ˺ͷ, ܹٵĳ伢
Ÿսȥ, ̫ҽ͵һİ۷Ź⣬صҩվǼ
֪, ֪ˣֻһζҩ, ɽ
֮׽е̷£Ҳдϲ̧ͷ, ҩóɹ
̫ҽץų֮, Լдµҩ, ԰˷֮飬Ŵࡣ
Ѿͷ쿴Ϸ֮ǰдЩˣΪҪӸԤҩķҰ취, ²֪ãķҪҩ⼸ζҩһ𣬱лĹЧȴ޷ֻһζؼҩģǵɽ
֮۾Ҳϸһҩ˵̧ͷϣǰƷҩҲ޷óȥǴҩİǷ£ܽһʱ֮ʹȽһʱ֮ʹһζҩҸ̫ҽǣǰһѰ
̫ҽͷڰܲѣͶ룬ѰһζĲҩ
ϳæµ̫ҽǣ˿ʱƬ̣Ϊ⻺ⲡҩ󣬻İϵ֢״תʹҲˣİǶʱһ˿ϣ˭Ҳûٻ౧ԹĬĬڴ̫ҽܹҽκǡ
ƷĽҩÿնƣֻҩҩĶֽ࣬Ǽֵ֮һյҩһƽȥܿҩıҪˡ
֮ڵĴ˳Ȼⲻȼü֮ѣ㽫¸û뵽գӾб֮վڽ˶ɵˡ
£֮йֱ˵̫£ЩģԼǰУʵڷĲ£ǰ
˵С˽ϵĶϤж£Ȼжʮӣ
ָŵϵ˵ʮ䶼⼸ҹ˴ٳǹõҩģ⼸ǻƽЩ̫±ʱȥӸӸ±ҵҲҪðҩã
֮׿ɫ֣أ䶼ǰǰḡɻı仯Ĵ󣬴˷ó֮״ΪжӸھȷһĸ̣Ҳֻǣףĸ˭Ҳûվ
Ȼ֮жǲ⡣
֮ΪʮӣҲϹ˷лӸҪתԸ֪غԼӣʱеƽ⣬ʱһȥΪ
ŵôԣˬʵЦãҶ֪񡣡
ϳǵҩĸ漱ʹ˽ʮĲҩܹźü¡
ʱԪڣǳµĵѹһΪ۲俽ѣΪеĳ˴̥ˡ
һ뵽пԼĵһӣս£ʼ϶նֽͬĺһͬˡ
ҲȷʵΪȻǲµģֺĶ£Ž˵ĹϵһЩ
ʱʱԼ˼ڣר־Ϊ俲ˣȫԵģûֺܾá
һٷִյڻʳڵݺǲ㽫ģ
ݺңԭӪǵһ輧
һ٣ίĲУ۾ﺬ飬˵£ݺ֮ն޹أ֪ϧ໳˵µãгԴףʼնݺչмӣʲôõĹصĶȥһݣȾܽ¹ﵽնϡ
俷²յɫһԲ
æĨᣬɫ˵ն治ʲôңֻһΪ˰ıûλһǰ㽫֮Ѫ͵ĸǣֻĸܹ´£µĻλܹ״롣
ԣ˼ҲѴݺ֮ϻ񣬲ݺûйϵ˶ѹʣ˵棬̾Ϣδδ̥ҪĶЩǻλ֮
ڳԵΪֻ״룿ĸɹȸһʥּˣȻ˳ļ̳лλ
ȴЩǵ̫ڣ´м˲̫ܽһȥ±ʮɰǰΡ
⻰ȻҲ֪㷳ڣܹ֮Ѫȴʼսݵ
µչӰԷࡣɫ
ͬüҪݣȷʵѣȻлвʿǳʿɹŪãû·֮һŲԿķԪʱ޷֮ա
˼ˣãǰһ̧ͷ˵£Ǳ֣ǳ֮ϳǲö֣֪Ů˼֪δڶھеԪڣ˼֪ʣ
ɫһ˿ãһĨݾ˼Ƭ̺󣬳˵˷ãֻɳɹʧܣĸڹֺжҪȼݡ

³ʱӰ˳֮ףÿ¶һԪСѾǰȥϳǶѻʬĵطʬ崦ͣһյĹ򣬱㼱Ҵҵȥ
Ѿߣû˸ȥѻʬĵطǻ
֮׵ϢüҲӦ֪¶ԪйˣҶΪ
ʱ֮ȥݻ棬к򣬱㽹˵£ǽյÿգϿ
ḧĺ󱳣Ϊ˳üʵΪҪ빬
֮ɫǣĽԪ֮˻Ļϲ⣬Ի֡
üͷ壺˼ǣ褹Ὣ֮Ѫھϣ
֮뵽һεΣͷ˵ǵҰбƹϳ£һıǵˣĽҩδƳϲڴʱ¡
ԣ֪ԣǸȾ֮褹Ὣģù۱Ǹ̰֮ʱ褹ʲôҪ󣬾Ӧ
ճʱұ
ݳ֮ԷЩ̲סԼҪСģƽյʳע⣬ĪҪ˽Ȼ
ݽ֮һһӦ¡
ʱͷ䣬ƽڣ褹ʢװϯžš
ʹһεϣ뿪һƬƽͣ۵˿ûܵӰ죬յ֪褹ΪһʳȻǰš
Դǻ֮褹δ¹ղ֪ôˣ¡
һĺþƺòˣ۳ԵĽζĿ޵褹ĳգڶʮǰ˿δ䣬ʳ󿪣⹬еǶҪֽˡ
褹ԣȻҲãûнŷǵ֮أڵģǰڣոռ޸ʱʱԶţÿξ۶ܳԵ뾻δֻǺ۵ǻ󹬵ˣΪ³ı㲻ֹ褹һˣ褹ʧ˳裬Ժʮ˵оҲûнŷ
գʵھŷΣһŷ
ЩԣǲΪһǡ褹ЦΪһ
۷¿磬褹֣Ŀ䣬ԽԽͳԼʱһۺĽŨױĨ䲻ޣȴҲǷ̴档
ʱһٷǰ˭ǬԪֲֹ˽㣬ºһ褹ָࡣ
޵İʸ־壬ٴνŷǵ֮أӦúϧǣЩ꣬ðˡ
Ц̣ˮ褹ߺ죬Ŀžۣôѵ˷СŮ̬
л뵽Լʮڹгʼûгͷò˹˼֣ƽȷڹ˲ٿࡣ
ӳʱԾ۵ŨŨ⣬ʧʧ䣬򰮶ýֱ꣬俣褹ų׵뿪Ϊ翵İһеĶϣǶԾûʲô㺿ԣԲ꣬ǰ֮ˣϾҲ¹ɽ˵˰
ϲʳ檱㲻ۣԸѰշǰ㣬Ϊһӵķˡ褹ֻһ빬ѣǡ
ǰһ䣬ۻЦĺϲ£죬һ䣬ĴǱ˲䳶ƽ¶֮ɫԵִἰ£ֻԺǬԪڴ˴Ƭ̡
ɫã褹æһЦ˵Īգǳ˵ˣٲ£ٲᡣ
˵褹յԷһɫ¡
褹зŴĨ飬ʱȻϡ飬гƽǰ֮ˣ䲻ɲǷɪ֮õĵεΣֻһĨԳһĨ⣬һĨ
䣬ۼ褹ûЩҪȻһ-ãû뵽͵ŮˣڼǱһζ̵ļΪ
º褹齣Ϊ۵ˮ
ۿڴ֮ϣ褹ǳ-ӣʱһаֻӿˣ˿ûƼ褹һ׵Сƿ浹һΰɫҺ壬ϽˮУƬ̱뵭ɫĲˮΪһ壬ˮɫһ˿
褹ЦŽյݵ˾۵У۲ˣֻںüζЩŹֵĿɬ
褹нţӹտҲĲյװǵϣǲˮˣͽȥһȲ
ʱۿеĹζˣҡҡͷ褹֣һͽ˴뻳УЩɫ޿齣ӦŬһǡ
褹нЦеĽŶʱиһƸꡣ
գҪ౨˹۽Ӽʱ档
ˣݱ㽫һһϱ˾ۣἰһΪ˸ʵİΣ룬ʳӦϸ̽Ҳȥǧ尲
ۼ̫˹ԼİΣο޷ղŴӾƽùţʳ褹⿣ȫĽ̫ӱĪҪˣ䶨빬
Զʱüʱȥƽţ
΢㶣ֻա
ٴʵζԵʳոкβ֮𣿡
⻰ʱˣüͷɫ£˵̫Ǻ⣬ѵ褹Ầ޲ɣ
һҹĵ𽵹ʱл褹ĺأնѷ褹ӣҪھƽգһ˵ĻȻˣһʹܲ©磬ص֮ʱڶȻ¹ȥˣŻ빬С
վڵ£Ĭ
˿ͣӻֵû°գҪ빬


85 .  в   Ҳ֮Ტۣ
ݺ, ּûн֮ǰⲻǺûԼ, 빬, Ȼ
ΪԼİΣ, ÿճ𶼻һԤҩ֪, ǴѪҺ븹, ʲôҩﶼȲˣܹҳҩ䷽¡
ݳ, Ĵ㣬׶༪١
¸˳֮ףཫԼĴ˵
۹Щʱճ֢, ұǿ빬, ھల֣Է褹ıʱһϾ˼һ£ȫȨة, ҩԽԽס
֮ź, ̲סһ޴һҧ⡢ô˲Ȱϳ
ԼĶ֪
ǳ֮׵һθ˱ɾ, ʵһѻϲ̫༱ζ, ݽΪ˱ȫ, ݽּΪԼ, ȫȻҪ˵еİˣھжֵһᡣ
޹ֺһ
ٷ߿֮Ҳ֪˶ûһôҪ˵۵褹ˡ
£ǿ빬褹ǿһּ˵ǿּ빬Ҫһ췴ƹ֮ǣʱۣƾ褹һҶٿĪ磬ǺãԽ볣֮Խûڲѣʮ𣬼ۿЩˣңǶ뼸֣㲻ǽ˱ľ档
֪Щ飬ֻûв͸е褹е˺ݶ֮£µΣҶݲ
֮㣬ס̧Ľ۽ǵʪĨȥĪţڣҲֲ֮ס
֮׺ۣӣܲţѾûκεƣǰܽǰļ䣬֪δᷢЩʲôļֹֻԪʮ£㲻֪ˡ
֪Ǻʱ֪Ƿ˳ǻЩȷضó֮ҡ
ݿóеδ֮㣬಻еĹǣݻۣۣǰˣ΢΢ͷϸĿų֮ף԰ο֮Ϊ֢֮Ѹ̫࣬µģ㶼ң𣿡
ᶨĻڶߣó֮˲̧ۿݣͷ֮飬ſ˫ۻرסݣãŰݡ
˷󣬳֮׻صڣ̫ҽһѰҽҩеһζҩݣҲбǵ˶Ӹةִ࣬ΪϽģߡ
ةಢף̫ӽԼ˽Ǻ⡣
ֱʮպ󣬹ڴһϢ֢״ֳɫİߵ㡣
ϢһһƬɧҡ
ة֮࣬Щʱ飬˲µʲôаһãû뵽˵Σ֮ʱֱӶԾ֣̫Ӳ˲֮£ô֮ˣ˵褹
ʱǬԪڣվͭǰԼֱ벱ϲŸ΢΢ֵɫߵ㣬ɫҰףͫع״һԵ̫죡콫̫ҽ빬ڣȥ
ּ̫ҽ̫ӻعȻּ⻹ûȥ·ͱ褹˽סˣܹ̫ͬ࣬౻˾ƽ
褹ƽǰӭӣʥּԹ۵ģֱ̧㽫Ͷ˻ڣȼճɻҽ
ʹ⣬۸ȾϢһʮʮ٣ʱǵ˶֪ˡ
ԭפھϳǵ̫ҽǽټһ𣬴˴˹̫ҽԺ̫ҽ̫ͬҽڣɫƵûعһ˲ſɡ
飬е̫ҽȴ¶ɫǰЩʱջϲŸּûлϵ׿ϣκ빬Ϸ򿴲ٵȵʥּա
һ̫ҽ͵ԼԣóȻ빬ǿּͷ˭Ҳð
ʱ̫ҽ˵ʥּٳٲΣ
һ̫ҽԭأ֪Ǻá
̫ҽ䣬ü⡭ܲ᲻˼ԼİΣ
λ̫ҽ׷׳ĬǶԾ඼˽⣬֪κ˶ԼȻͲǵ빬ּˡ˷û˵ҿּ㶼ȴŻعʥּĵ
Ȼû뵽ǣ̫ҽԣ˵ȺգʥּӰӶûƼ
ʱ˲ٴԣ˵һȴ̫ҽھǣβжˡ˵֪ȾӣԱ˿ģ֮õ󣬲֪ڰ
̫ҽʥּĲ²⣬ǳ֮˵ģ֮Ѫ̫ҽ̫
֪һɵĶ̫ҽ꣬λ˿¡
֮ദ䲻Ķ̫ҽ˵ϣģǾƳĽҩعʥּǲˣ褹κ빬ĻᣬҪпܻᰵбƹ
̫ҽ󾪣ų֮飬ַ̫ӵӦа취Ӧԡ
֮ȴҲǽŵģΨݣȻǿԼͷ侲ڰҵζҩĹؼ
ԪڣѼһԼӣ빬оȼǱȻģֻҪ˳ּۣ빬㲻ֻ빬󵽴俺褹ˣԽӽǬԪ
ʱݻҹŰ£׼ڹ⡣
չŵ˵£ͬȥ
ݻף£Ҫ˿ء
չԣֹֻסŲ£ס
ҹɫˣһƬв¹⣬ڸѻȸ
ݴӺӰڹǽ䣬ֻȵĸʱʹ滻ʱǹΪиʱ̣Լһӵʱ䣬̶̵һӣ㹻ݴϢǱ빬ڡ
ȻʱչӰȻ˵ǰݺ˵ϡ
һӰϢȵ£ʱǰӵʿ˵µĸСǻմǰȥ׷ˡ
£к
ʱǰŸ븮俵˱㴳˽ȥ˵ĿʲôһΪıǣס빬ȼݡ
俵ļıҲȷʵɹˡ
һĨӰֳΣһƣԭҪǱ빬е֣ԭ·أȥԪķ
һ·˳չµıǼԪĺ󷽲Զһֵĵڡ
˽ȥεл谵ȳԵĻȼһ֪ǲǰűȼģֱߵ˵ݵ˷ſչżӰЩʿֲ£Զηʮʿܣλмģ¹ùú˼֪
Ƕ˱ڼ׵ľϣһͷ̾ߣ̾ͨľʣǰȴǷԲεƬǼĵƬðž⣬̾ߵĺֻҪƬҧϽգͷ­ϡ
󣬻վһ»ŮӣЦĿǰľ
̾ߣݵȾһѪ
ղ˲ͷڿݵӰ۾Ц״εε˵ѽ̫ӵ´ݹ٣նССء
һ¹ùһ˼ֵ֪бŷ˿ϣ˶ס˿࣬޷˵
ݻչ㣬վη⣬ա
ЦЦеקק̾ϵĵƬ
̫ӵ¶һ˽صûɣ
չվǰüֹ£򲻿ɡ
򶨵̧֣Ⱥ򣬶ֻǰ
յһʿǰţֻһ˽
޴ĸҶǰηʿʮˣͣҲܷʲô˻οлʡ
ڿڶЦЦʹ֫򴽵벻̫ӵ֮ˣնмأֻϧ̫Σܹǰ֮ϡ
˵ǰ̧һֻ֣ǰ½ж˼ḡζֻǶ˵㿴ţ̫ӵȷģȢǸһǴ̫ľأܸʲôӲ֣ΪңΪıߣǰֻµġ
ϹżΪ崿Ц⣬ֻʵ֣ٿȻץס󴦣ݼͳ
Ҳ֮Ტۣ
һ䳰յı˲Ϣ䣬ЦŤ
һ˲ձɫָ糣˺ЦЦĿݡ
ˣǱԹ̫ӵ½յˮ°ա
ݿľϵĲյĲˮǣɫ֪֮Ѫ
ռδ㰺ͷŬŬ죬ºˣٴӦնһҪȻˡ


86 .     ҰƵĵУֻһ𽥡
ݰ̧Ҫ󣿡
սЦʱ, 빬̫ӵͷԽԽ, ܹҪºһֳл֮, ʱϷ, 鷳̫ء
չҪ󣬼ֱŭɽ, ⷬ˼Բ, ̫ӴͷȻıֵ˾֪, Եڹлݡ
ͷӾʲôҪλҪ, Ҫ, бƹ˵뽫еж̫ϣ㶼ž۵УνǵΪΪ
û, δ, չҲֻóסֻһɴŶ롣
ʹºյ, ҲϷˡ
ݲʵ
յͷЦ, е, ޺£ܱ֤ǽҹˣ, һг䶨һģ͵̫ӵĶ
ݶյѪɫ𣺡ӦҪ󣬶ȵʳԣףвȹµĺΡ
ηĿȫȻĻ㲻ţⶼµˣ۵褹У̫ӻʲôɷĻᣬһֻڴˡ
Ȼݸսյôߣ㴫¹ùüȵ
ĪҪӦСߣ
¹ùþϲذףҳǽ̸֮ʱڰ͵͵ĸ˰ϵӣ̧ȡ˿еĲм¹ùúڰķ˿ң仰󣬱ӺƴľΣ嵹µײһ˵ķλ
ǧһ֮䣬ն벻һ޸֮ϸ۲˫ǲзϣϻһذףܹڴΣʱ̱˴еذѰ㳯մ
ɲǼ䣬䣬ݶˣΧʿˣηչӦš
հײڵϣһ࣬ǱķУնʱҪе
ɴʱѾһγڻеĶУѸĸ˿̾ߵվʹ˸գеô
ΧʮʿΪ˱գ̧ţ̱ڵ϶õ¹ù߷ɣ¹ùõֱˤ˱ǽϣϻδжµ̾ߣصĶǽͷ֮󣬴޷жĹ߾ʹ¹ùõĺ󲱾ֱײ̾аԲεļƬ֮ϣδһ˿ʱѪ¡
˲ɺ죬¹ùú˼֪̾նϣקȫһǽǡ
̽¹ùõƣݽӹչ彣ڻηѪɱˡ
⼸ʮʿȫΪĲ£ڰɫϽӵգȴһֲʵ˶վտʿǣչ˴ƽ֣ȴ䡣
ۿЩʿǱ׷׵ݵĽ£Ǹ˺ƻҪǸϾɱ
ղһĻ֪ɱ˲գ۵ħ
ǰһֱΪı֮սܹȡʤãı紫ϾһڹеĻӣʲô֮ҲһֱΪ俻Բѹ֪ı֮սףǰȥһʱɴʤݵ̫֮λʵˡ
˿ݣΪΣ
ʵΪڹ˰ģ֪ǲ׾ҲΪ͡
£ۿ֮ͬˣӽɱڵߣƽ˵ģղ֪һжģݵĿ֮ǻԶԶû˽⵽
ۿʿҪŲסݵɱճɫҪߺ޵ĿݣԭʵҲˣԼվ
޵ǣΪ俱ûݵİʿ˲ãܸıһЩҲڴҪһŮӳıߡ
ǰǸ۳ѪɫеˣնЩƲۣмȺ£ӿһƵ뷨
ΪβԼģ
Ѿ룬ǰǶʮֲҲûʲôһֺƴ˸ϡøˣΪ˱Եʿеܵ򿪣Ҫܵѡ
ԶȻˣһ嵽սǰһͱʿؿڡ
νܣѾˡ
һסյĲӣ
ΧʿǼ״ͣеĵŵĿ˹
˫أڱеĺԽԽ٣˫ȴҲϵǯơ
ɺɨһ۵еˣչɱˡ
ЩʿһҲҶǵǱգձץ޴ӷչˣֱ䣬ʣʿȫɱ
ʱ֣ӵϡ
ſڵأڴڵĺţݾ֣ٲǹɴݲȵ飬ȷʵû뵽˶ʿڲ࣬Ȼûӵ
ҪɱҪУֱǡ˻źڵϣǿеĿ־壬ǹˣλɲģ褹ûλ£µǻɻлʱ򣿡
˵Ц֧һɱҲֲκκô顣
ݲĿͬһ棬δ˵һ仰
תչ飬żɡ
̶һ仰ɫ䣬վ˼ֵĺݣ֮ˣΪһűв俲ɣ˷ҼƲˣС㣬Ҫҵȥǣ˱ӵֶΣŻ
ڳ֮ˣձ־ʴĿڲԣȻʲôҲûУӰǰǯסס죬ȥ
˵˱ӣȴ֪Լ³Ϊ˱֮£޹֮вݵĺ
ǽǣ̽¹ùõƣΪ֮ǵƬ룬µ¹ùãǳ٣㲻࿴ڳҲ֪˷޷Σ췦ˡ
ȴ˺Լ°ڣԾΪ¹ùð˲Ѫϵ˿ڡ
ɫ侲ֻչ㿴ִֻɱ˶Ӳ˫֣˿ȴ΢΢š
ܵΧͻȻ¹ùڱĵϣ˫лǣ޽ʧȴ֪ΪΣܸܵݾࡣ
£ʺѰūˡ
¹ùò԰ݣȻЦһ˲ƣľʳ֡
סмɬùã˯ա
¹ùúûֺˣ죬ãŷ΢
³ˣС
һСС˼֪Ҳ̲ס¹ùõϣʵĿš
ݾĬһԣʹͷݡ
ҰƵĵУֻһ΢ĶɳƵĲɣ֮
ūܽظ⣬ʺЩ
ֵƤˣĪū´һ
ȹǺÿūҲѧ£Ϊȹ
º˺ãūǶһӸɲƲū澡
Ļˣ㿴𡭡



87 .     λ޻ûʲô
ԪʮѮ, ʮ࣬޵֮ϣ, նҪź, ƽǬԪϰĹŮū, նǲһգΪ, 褹ǬԪ, Σգտ, ͬͬסԶԻϵ겻塣
ʱǣ褹ǶԻϵİ, ˸˵¼, 󹬵ǵ֪˭Ҳ̤ǬԪһֻ褹һˣŻ, ܽ˲Ϊ֮ж
Щ, ˭Ҳ֪ǬԪڣ褹̺ľۡ
褹ҹ裬ϸϸƷ, ɫ
, ϵ, ʱ뾰࣬ڴ˰ѾԻ߰, ɴδй褹ЩѲ⣬۾мһĨ
ۿ褹Եõģк죬ɲδмȴ褹֮ϣ˿á
ⶾҺޣֱ죡
ϵʼѣ϶ɫߵ㣬֢֮ۿɼԽԽء
褹ţЦһеĲյͷҲص˼գδ𣬳ȴᷳˡ
ͷϷ麹Ϊٲ¸һûд˺
褹һԵҩվⲽ࣬һ죬һֽҩ뾰۵ĿУҲҩǷ̣¡
ҩڣס˳ֱҩ죬Ǻ˺ü¡
󣬳ţΪ
褹ҩյһԣþµϸĲָ·ղŴʲô֮׸ľۣӵ벻ͨʮǰôῴôһ֮ˡ
дž⣬ܴĥҲ֪á褹޼£µһж褹УΪֺ֮褹Ȼֻһʵۣˡ
褹褶޵ĺ褶ֻ֮ҪΪɰ̫ҽ빬ޱΪʺ󣬺󹬽ģҪΣȫ㣡
ۺϣ褹Ȳֺ
֪褹㻹ϣǻϣֻҪܻţʲôԸ
褹ЦӸµĿžۣЦЦϾΪԼλŵ˳檣ɳ֪Ϊζ겻λȻΪʺǻеİ¹ɰ룬᲻ѽô꣬ϻǲǰѷΣѹ֤֮ɽҲ̤Ľ벽ЦǿЦ
»ϿˣҲʳϡϡλ褹ЦԽԽŨӶ񣬲ҪķΡ
ۺ£΢ֺʵ㡢˵Ҫʲô޶㡣
褹תԣյһڣȻڵҪģ϶ϸ
ͷֻҪܷſޣ̫ҽҽΣ
褹ͷЦǻϱּ̫ӣλӰա
ͫеĺһӿϣҧгݵλ޻ûʲôλ
ŶϾãλҪǱŰɡ
䣬褹ۻش𣬱̤޵һ֮ϣɫ任Ͻӡ

ϳǡ
ճ֮ĲУķչŲΪǼҩҹڰЩҽ飬һʼն޷ġ
ʱ֮ױȥ˽ȻûмݣչΪǰ
մˣ¿ʲô鷳𣿡֮ɫţ顣
չͷ̫ģһжãһֱæµڲڹ⣬ϣѰ빬ȼݡ
֮ԣﻹǲüʵأһж¹ùá֪֪Сû£
չ˶٣һ˲˼µķԸֶ˵һжãֻǵ̫һϳǣ̫Σա
֮˿ҡҡͷްϳҲǲǰЩȥգߵ£СģԼİΣΪҪ
չͷӦ¡
֮ƽ࣬صڣ̫ҽһȫĵͶ뵽ҩС
µס
տ׳˲ٻ֪褹俵ˣ˴ǿд빬뷨ֻµʱһ֪˭˭ӮĶսûʮİձ㲻ð˷գᵣ췴
ʹѲݵˣǵԪڣչ㡢̫ةࡢԼݼˣµĶԲߡ
̫üͷ壺õİ취֮֮סΪѱ褹̸С
Դ褹ס˾ۣ俱㵽˹ҪסʵѰ죬빬⡣
һĪչ֮ʣة˵ϳһӣܽ
ة໨׵޽ǣȴĿƣ˵ϲãǻδӦ褹λһ£ϳ룬ʮգϱػЭ֮褹ҲǼûнҩԣҩ˭Ҳ֪ܳŵʱûгŵһ̣褹˷ˮһա
ǴʱةฮԸº褹ԣϲּģʱ룬ǻϷ̫ӣ־УλǾ۲λϵŲסʱҲֻˡ
ȻةԣҪֻ빬ةฮΪ룬ӽ俣
ةͷΨд˷ܹ褹ʱЩ˲ڰһͬ빬䲻֮ʱסֻҪס£±ת
ţüͷף˾ٲף֪ƭ»ΣҴǰȥ
ةڰ֣ȥǸšýܶ£ϳձ빬ൢһգ㲻֪кαʳ֡
̫չв֮⣬ةһ꣬ȴȻȻһֱڶΪԪΪϣ˾ٲҪʲôֻǲԸӺ褹вȻϣѳֳΪδҪλ˭ة඼ںģҡ
̧ףة࣬һĨѪɫչ½ǰȥ򣬰лة࣬ةһͬ빬
ةһ㶣üҡͷף̫ӵһŲ¶ݣ´ת
ȴǹݳ侲Ѫ
²ᡣ
չǰһ˵£ͬС
ףתԷԸɹ񣬻ڹڷźţʱȺָж
ա
俺褹յһةฮż˴򿪿褹ϲվǺϲ£Ц⡣
ةжĹԭҲǸʹ֮ˣ֪ƽĸӶУԸ⳼ҶˣۻֻҪ̫ӣ̳лλ֮˶Ҷˣˣة
䣬ȴֹ褹ϸżܾЩס
ĸթةڴʱȻ꣬Ϊ
俵Ĺǣ褹ȴģЦһȻΪΣΪ˽俶ǻܱةฮˣ»ΪеģǶ಻ƣ俶صģة˹Ҳʲô˻Ҷǵˣɾ塣
ŵôԣ俷һ˿ǣлǲ⣬תʵ񸸻ʻ𣿡
褹ɫһϲģανλǴ֪ҲûôˣػҲ벻ǸʸҲϹة࣬ѡǡ
Ҳǽģʼղһغˣ褹ǰæһ
ةϵ꣬ȷһ¡
룬ѹеĲˣةࡣ
褹ã俣Ȼһ£ʵΣʧˣ
ӻްЦС˼Ƕ࣬˵Ҫץס֮ˣǣסݣ˲ûǣסԼ˽ȥǱץûˣǸ
褹ԣϾյԼģֲñˣҲ޷¹ֵ
޷ҶϻλĸΪѰٸõŮӣֻһŮˣ΢ʺ֮λ˵Ҳʡ¡
ʱһةฮǰ
俵ūѵȺڴˣةūűĵǰ·
ʱŶһ£װɳݣة˹õ⣬ΣڹŹرյǰһ̣ṦһӰϢĻ˽ȥ˭Ҳûз֡
ƽڣ褹һþƺòˣдة࣬Ȼڣʼδ俵Ӱ
ةຮһ󷽵ϵʳ
褹ףЦĿة˵ةЩѡ񳼷ҶҲñ俶ģة˵벻ǣ
ةڣ˿褹ֱ̼ߵĲˮЦ褹ԣϳһ֮磬˽֪ϳĳһɣֻһΪԪ˷ûнҩΪŴԪĽ룬ϳҲ֪ʱľˣ»̫ӣ˭˵ǻϳԶɣϳֻѡһ೯ѡˣ褹ɲϳϳû£ֻδĻϡ
褹вмһľ񣬶ʱˣĻ¡
ةԣ褹˲٣ֱ볼俣褹ɣ褹Ȼˣة໹һɲ䣬βǾȣҪվ
褹Цⷺ𣬵ͷةԼǣ಻Ҫةӣֻϣ俶ǻةַܶԣΪϾҲǡ
ҵǻ֮˶俣ֻǻ˸˵ˡ
ة¿磬֣صϳһҪ룬ֻ½ʱ岻ס԰ѿسдң˭Ҳ뿴ľ棬ɷϳϳˣûʲô£Ψһٿƽ⳯ķӰˡ
˵ʼղõ¶棬ǻ֮ѵ£ǹҪȺӣһŮʣ
⻰ʱ褹ɫ׽ӣһؿڲö޲ÿͷ䲻˵ة˱ڳ϶ҶԻֱԲ䣬οһ󹬵
˻ɫ褹²յһԵŮ˵»
ةľ֮ϣһ褹Ƹûʲô˵಻ȥά
褹ҲǷة˾кβˡ
ʱıǵڵһƬţˣة񣬱ϹϾ
褹üһѹеĻ𡭡˰ˣֻҪ俶Լ
ةҪ˵Щʲôתۿ褹ڣЩõϳҪ˵Ķǳ֮£ҪԼ
褹ĻʱҪѹסˣǵ˵ĸڵգة˵꣬ǰȥѰĸ
һ仰褹ٶؿڣֻܵЦתڵ
ʱڱֻ俺ةˡ
俵֪ةΰѳֳб²ݷѾһ㣬Цʵة࣬ˣֱ˵ɡ
£ȴةഽߴЦȴ
俻δعζһ磬֪ʱڶһˣ
俴󾪣Ҫˣȴ֮˶ס˿࣬޷ҲһĶеס
ʱһϤ
ȥǬԪ


88 .  ƹ   ںδ
ʱǬԪ, ı俵Χ˭ҲƽֻӬŹ, Ϸ, ǿд, ȷѡ
ȻôҲ벻Լᱻ˰㡣
褹ɹȡûλֻһ, ǧ, 뵽ݻǰةฮջ֮, ة൱һϷ
ҧгݣƵƵڵķȥԼž޴֧褹
һ, ǱذѴ͸, Ƥʹд俶亹¡
ةʱȥЦ⣬˵, ûʱ䵢ȥˡ
ŭĿ, ջǵͷ
ݵذʼû뿪һ壬ǰ, ˾ƽ
ǬԪ, ūź͹Ů⺧˵һĻ, æȥͨ褹ͬǬԪ俵Щʿǣ״׷Ҫγ
Ըоذͱȥ, ݵ˿û飬һЩҰεڴнɱˡ
£
ʹŭҧѵŴ򿪡
Щڴ˵ʿ໥һۣջȡ俵ûҰεתǬԪĴŴˡ
ǰ̨ףһ߽ǬԪڡ
ةЩʿŵĽΧס俻к⡣
̤ǬԪڵһ֮ζ쳣̱ǣһɻ֮
ͬڣüͷԴӾṳ̂ǬԪһƽҲֻ褹żǰϸϸԾ۲Ը褹ҲղǰֻѾÿһη
ة࿴ݹľʱ˶ʧɫʵ˲ţһʵ۾ᱻԼͻĥ˲Ҳյķޣǣɫİߵ㣬ЩߵѾɢƬհݣǻźһ߸ʬ
˽ܲ˵ǣŽϣŢɫۼȾ˽˿ǶĽ˴
ŵģѾǻˣֻһ˰ڲĿܡ
ة಻ٿʧʵһˣТֶ֪дǸλãȼΣԲТڣʳ˼ȣ塣ܹǡ
ĪڴʱװߣѵԼ䣿
ҧ⣬Ųܾģֻģ褹ôδ
ةǰϰ󸿵⿪ֻǻ˯ƽȣŷ
˭Ҳû뵽ʱȻ˫ۣɴ˫ǣȻ̧֣קסة䣬̧˻Ʋ
褹ӦˣޣȾޣʲôҪ޶Ӧ
־壬ةƵƵ±
ة״æ˫ְסۼѵӣüϣϳ
ۻǵ˫һ˲ةһ󼤶ϴϲ
ة࣬졢Ⱦޣͬ췴ƹҪ޺
ة࿴žˣ۵Ĳ̣δ𻰣Ȼ褹
գһ߳ȥ
褹һʿڵߵڵУЮ俣ǲţһĸߴ׳˶˵ɱˣȫ俶
ݿǴߵӣȻӦտУ俺褹ĵˡ
ĸߣǿͭǽһ㣬ǹ룬δйʧ֮ʱεǸ϶ԷĺѵЩʿ֮ˡ
Ӧǰγ䵶Ѹ֮Ʊǰ
ж֮죬˿죬ǹȤһ˫Ѫɫɡ
һץ俣ƣܿԷҵĹеĶϻһɼǵ˿ڣÿһֻǡֵĹУٶȣ죬׷档
俰жһ˲ÿоҪ֮ʱǰһ俵ǰжò;ͣµƣݾܹڴһ俣һĽԼС
вһݣ̫ӣȻ򵥡
ʱɫʮֵľӦԣûһΪ׼ء
һ˫ѪӦУȴʼûд·磬Ҳȷʵм֮ǻı಻̶ãܹһЩݵ¡
˽ʮغϣԿȴ俣ɫ࣬Ť㽫ɱˣ
ʱѰݵһ˿ᵶ˹ȥ
ݻ䣬𣬵һͬʱе沿
˺ϵߣȴӦѣ¶һģݣ֪ǱʲôٵĿȫǣʮֿɲ
ɫ侲糣֪Լһ壬Ī˵Ҫ俣ܹ»ţ㲻һ֮¡
˴ѷ֮ʱȻ˷֮
褹棬ʱһūŻŵ˽˵ˣкö˴˹
褹ɫ󾪣ʱ˵סǣǴǬԪڣ
ūȥʱܹŵķ֮
ڵһƬҡ
ϣľۣۻ࣬ɢҰͷЦŤһָ褹Цķ񲣺Ϊסޱܵõˣⶾ쿪޵̫ӣ޵ة࣬£޵£ȿȡۣ޲ڶ֣֮ޱػȬӵ£
˻ź˵꣬תۿݣɱˡɱǣͣ
ةվһԣžµǷħüͷ
˿ûרӦǰУЩɴཫд̴俵ǣһƽǽϣǽڣ˶ǽ֮ϡ
俱̴֮ʹ˻Ӳ˹ȥ
褹״ĶںΧʿǣվʲôϣ
һʱ֮䣬ݱ˰ΧҪУҪӦЩʿɫ䣬򶨣޴Ȼܹڵ⽣Ӱ֮С
̶һյĹ򣬹ӵӵĴˣʱڵڵ褹ɫѾֳһ˿֮ɫԼ˶ˣ俵ģҲؽ·һ
˼ˣ褹Ȼ̤ǰקס½񣺡ںδ
ǵЦԽ⣬֢֮ȴ⣬ûй˸˵ʱ򣬿ǰЩۼŵģЦֹǲ褹Ļ
褹ѾƲס׺ԼĽΣھ۵Ĳߵ˵±


89 .  ȼ   ݴףٿȻֱһĨ
ة״, ǰҪ褹ƿȴ褹̧ߵһԣةһϹͷʱڵ
з֮ɫŨ, ܱ褹, ȻЦ֧, ɱޣҲò, Ҫ޵, ƾ㣿ݺտȡȹ
褹, ֱ𣬿֪˵û, ɱ, Ҳ޼£ʲôûеõԭƿУֻҪٵȼ, 㲻žۻ᲻Эֻһ֮, 俾Ǹλˡ
褹˵ʲô۶òֺΪѾ֪ǰȼ, ЩʿݵĶ, Լ, ǰͲ褹俲ú
ʱ褹ϼŭֻţִھۣǿΧЩʿ, ǽΧסͬڣȴɱһ޴֮ˣ˿ڲϣѣеѪȻ͸¶˷ܵɱ֮⣬ȻС
褹Ѿ֪ȥʲôûˣ۲ֻû̫ӵв󱳸ֻ߱Ҫϻλ˭˵ԹʤΪ
褹üĿƸۣȵٽɱˣ
һ£ʿһӵϣ˶ˣ׾ٵѰݵһ˿ٵ֮
ǧһ֮ʱǬԪźȻһ죬˴ƿ
չӰԡѪִֻһ彣һ۱ɨڵλãȻ彣
£
𣬽ӹǰѽʣѸı㵲еһһ֣ǻᱻһͱ
Ȼݺ޾⣬Ѫɫʢ˲
£ֵ¾ˡ
֮䣬ʿͷ­أǱ޷֮ƣʱҲɥ֮ʱ
пǰԽɱԽݣԽɱǽԽ˵мӲѣûֵöٺôǣΧ˺󣬱ˣֻЩδһٶȣΪ
ǬԪǰʿǣչ˴Ĳɿ˿ûռϷ硣
褹״Լ֮˻׵ľͰܸ̫ӵӰʱ_Ŀ彻ӣ˿õԤСѵ˾ãȻܣ
ʿµԽ࣬ԤԽǿңⷬ棬õĽҲֻܾˣֲ˿ĺôԭԤԶ褹ܲޡ
ĿԱǽϻԲѵ俣һʹҧ˸ѵľ
ܱߣ
ֻҪ俻ţоط֮ʱɽڣûա
еٹݣתȥȱǽϵ信
ĮĹڻԵ俽ǰ˵棬ޱ飬һѪǽ
褹Ŀ۰һڵء
俵ͷ­ǽϹ䣬ص׹ڵأȻͣ˽䡣
ڻԵУ֪ȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ǬԪ֮ϣ˻ҵУݾȻɱױУ֣߱ڳ֮˶סˡ
Ψſ齺ľоƴЦ˻źƺãɱǡͨͨɱ⣬ȥ
۵ЦΪ̶嶼ֹ
褹ݵ񣬺޲֮ܽ븹һ˲伫ȵıݶ΢ȴԹޣҲɱաˣҪᣡ
ٹ˲ʲôأʲôλ̳УЩ鸡Ķкã
ĮȻٶᵶݣ褹תͷֽкõľϣ𣬼һʿĵ򾰵۳˹ȥ
俶ˣҲҪ
۰Ƿ񲣬Ц褹˫õоǵ⣬˿š
ǰѵҪ֮ʱչǰ£ֱһӣ㽫褹е䣬ͬ˶ڵأǱ
ڵϣþδʹͷɢ䣬˿ҡ
Ƭ̺褹粿΢΢ԽԽ󣬼Ĳ֪ǿЦжΪ}ˣţ졭첻˱ҶʵµµΪȴܻգ̫ɱ˽ƲãүҶıƶϣһȴɥڴˡ䣬ɻһֵĹ
褹Ŀв
ʱة౻չة࿴褹ʷߺ޵ģ̾ԹĲµͷ󫲶ιʹʣֻԹ̰Уֹ
֮ϣг죬Цֹɱˣ˭Ҳ붯޵£вޣ浱˲ɣ
չ㲢δӾԣס˵ϵ褹мĲ
Χʿ״׷ײҶˣͬȻ
ݻǰԡѪӸµĿ褹һ˫Ѫо֮⡣
褹޾⣬ݺݶɲߺ޵оһ˿⣬ҧĸӶʧ˲ߣɥڴˣΪ԰ȵ֮ˣ㣬Ҳңã
䣬褹ħЦš
ݿδţԵŮһͬȴá
褹ԣһ漴˿㾹ûɱգĪǱСסˣ
չס褹ĲӵɱǱѱƳ飬Ҳͬһ𣬺ι׵
飿褹һһ˿£˫ëȻѪ֪Բ١
֮࣬˲褹͵ǰҪչĵ¡
չյȴ̧ȣһŽ褹ߵڵء
ȥ
ӰǻԵ褹ߣµʿУҲֻýееĽȥȺϷ䡣
ʹˣҲǬԪڵڻָ˰
ԭ褹ܹ̫࣬ʱŸ۲֮ϣŹڵæָһūź͹ŮΪϴֽϸϸһ
˾ãǾ񲻼ãƣԵϣҲȴȻټݡ
ݵ˫ۣĿƣн˻ơ
̫ҽȫ빬졭
Ӧ£ǰھ԰Լ֡
ʵδӾԣפھϳǵ̫ҽعΪҽΣּ⣬̫ҽæ˹̫ҽҲڣɵǿǲģжһ϶֪Ľҩ򾰵۽Ųסˡ
ة֪£ǰ֪ݣʱõǻ׼
Ԫʮ£褹ıۣбƹ̫ǰȼݣ俵褹ѺԲ齣̫ӴΪ
̶յʱ䣬зǵİգδɢȥ褹ı췴ȵȴűɣ಻˲³࣬þǱֽţһʱ֮䣬е¼ھпٴ
ȻڣʱݣٿȻֱһĨɫߵ㣬漴㿴ϡǡ
ͫ΢һ˲ָֻ糣Դչ㡣
ȥ̽ʿ潣֮ϣ


90 .  Ⱦ   ϣްˡ
ʱ, չ㼱æ
̫ӵ£Щʿ嵶Ψһˡֵ嵶֮ϣմȾ֮Ѫ
չ˿΢, ǵĿͶ, Ȼݲ, ̬֮ȫǸȾˡ
˿Ķ࣬Ҵ󲿷ֶ, ֻ˵褹ݶ, һʼûݻš
ҲףΪ, Ȼĵݱؽԭһԭ
ݱҪڽʱȥ֮һ, Ȼòչٴδǰȥ, ̫ҽǰ
̫ҽʱб˿õԤУ̤붫ֱĨϤɫߵʱ, ɫ䡣
̫ҽ֣صĸݰ, δ
һյ̫ҽҡͷɫ̫ӵ, ɡ
ݵͷ, ɫ䡣
˷̫ҽǰ, ֪»жʱգ
̫ҽƬ̣ʵҩ, ²⣬ûĽҩˡ
Ȼ΢΢ü̫ҽ£̫ҽҪ֮ס
̫ҽǳͬ̾£ôס̫˽˿Ϸֻ迴һۣ֪кβ֮οܹб¶һ찡
̫ӣ֪ºҪӡ
̫ҽĻ˽ȥʼûд𻰣ջ̫ҽ
һʱϳǽﴦ֮ܵļ٣ıڣȴʼδݵˡ
˴Լһӵʱ䣬ſԶһˣЦݸոոϣչ󣬳֮
չ񣬳֮æüΪûǰ
չͷ̧˿ŵڶδȥʵǹ˶࣬ϻµ۶ɸ̫ӵģ̫æµδ̫ҵԣЩʱգǰ
չһ˵ݽĻȻĬĬվţٶ˵һ䡣
֮ͷǣ֪дҺ󣬶ҪβģҾѶѻ˲١
˼ˣ֮ײ뵽ݸ̫֮λʱҹҹҹʱģȻ
ˣȥת£Һ˿У
䣬ֲ֮ĵʵڹоȼ֮ʱˣ
չʵش𣺡Щˡ
֮̾˵ˣݣ鿴ƣǷŲ¡
չ㣬֮׻صϳǵڣŽȥ㿴㵸ģл˷ܵĽлţҵҵˣҩһܳɹ
һ仰ɢ˳֮еǣ˵ǰȥ
㿴һζҩģ̫ҽǽ͵չֳĲ֢һһҵӦҩģֻȱһζܹηʵ֮ҩǺβһ԰ǰǰҩһƣҿҩΣҩǰϸ֢״Ĳҩ
˵꣬˶˼ǰĿԣһ̫ҽ˵ǰĶ߽࣬Բð
һλȴһԣҳ벻ɣҲµһʱˡ
̫ҽ͵ֵһԣǳɹϱտ
֮Ҳ޳ҩʱҩҩģнӹ֣ҪԼҩȷҩԶܱסɢ
ҩʱʱҩĸ߷£ʱ̹۲ķӦ
Щҩ֮ˣǾлİգлɻҽ̬
Ȼһҹȥûκκת
ϣɢգֱİûгŹʱ̣ȥ
̫ҽһҩʧܡʧܣѾ°ٴˡ
ÿԼǰţǹɾŵΪҽߣԱ
ɻô໼İڵǣûʱлûʱʰñٱľֻٶͶ뵽εУһ֮ġ
֮׷̫ҽ˹Ѱҩһֻõʣµ̫ҽϣǼû˯ãжѰĽҩϵķЩҩ伮ЩѾ˲顣Ի̫ҽԴǰҩʧܵܽᡣ
ǰҩϿ֢״ҩͬѻʯˮܿ˻ͷҵɽһưˮҲðǰͬ
һϯ˶ֲͬĴڣѰҩĵҩԲǿѹס֢״
֮׿˼ôʲôҩģҩǰͬҩ㹻Ե
Ժҩĵ֣𰸷·ǰããʮֲҩʼնץסΪǡһĨ
չȥ֮۵ЩòͣƬ̣üģ̧۲ŷʱþ졣
ݣȴʼûѰ
ܾ֮Լ©ʲô
Ӱ˵ǰߵ£ҹʱϳǽ
Ӱϳǣȥ˹
֮ױæµʱʱһյƵĵǰ˽ﴦ
δ뵽ǣ֮ȻûмݣӰǰ֧֧Ķ˵ء̫˵ҹæա
ˣˡֱ֮ӳҪ빬
Ӱͷ֮׵ݾܾסֻ̫
빬һ·ϣ֮Ķǵŵģ֪ݶ֪㷲
һ·̫ҽȻڵʱ㿩һ
֮Ѫɫ˫ǿԼʵ̫ҽϣôΪλڶ
̫ҽ鲻̣֮ɫԣа̾һ֪ʱסˣŶԳ֮˵ڵϷ⡭µк⡣
֮ԣ̤ڵһȥ齱Ĵڵʵʵֻܴ濴һӰ棬ڴ齱ߵģ۾׳ɺҵĸ
һ֮ףʱ۾һһ̫Ҫˡ
֮ǰһƿᣣӳģݲ԰׳˯ݣͲ󴦣ڶڲסɫߵ㡣
׹ѣ֢֮գ·ֹͣ
֮׵ĵŵһЩӶתѡ
ۣ֮׺󣬾¶һĨοЦ⣬ֳ𣬰
Ը֪ûס
ƽһ仰ﲢûкβͬ
֮ȴӲӣһﲻаָݵ䣬΢΢
ȷɺ󣬳֮ݵ֣ݣµģңһ¡
΢Ϊ֮׻˵Щ强һΨû뵽֮׻˵
֮׼Ϊٵ侲ںýѯһԵĸնǺʱõҩ
һһ𣺡ҺЩʱ̫ҽʼڶȻҪ񻯡
֮׵ͷߣдһŷӣЩҩǰãұڶ»һ£⴫Щūţ˭Ƕ콫´˳ȥʬ
˳֮򣬸˲㰲࣬ҩæӦ¡
ʱ⼱ҴҵһС̫࣬еҩײˡ
С̫ʧ˽֮׺ݺͨһڵϡ
ϣްˡ


91 .  غ   ݣ𡭡
Ԫʮ, ۼݱ
̫ȴʼδ¶棬ȻΪδἰλһ, ҽ֮¶Ƴں, ԵҪȽƽϢ, ˡ
ʱգǰһֱˮȵ, ˷̫Ƴͼλ, ˽Ҫ֮λðǶӵ, ԭֻŵĶȶ˲١
еĸλǣ̫ӻָ糯ʼδ̫ӵ, ͬةȻ
, Ƕѻҩᣬ֮Щ鼮Уգ, ÿֻŲסʱ, һʱȻͶѰҽҩС
֮иԤУôҽ, ʮȷԼһζҩ, ҩԷ֢֮, ׫дǲҽߣζҩĵĽ˵׺һ仰ҩԹá
ʱ仰, ֮ױݲݷΪ⻰ڴҩĸ֣Ϊҽ߽֪һζҩҩԹأʱҽ˶Ǻˣҩֶ
ȻζҩҽЧ
֮ױζҩ֮ϣʳķЩ鼮ֻΪһ
ڵУԴա
оһۣƣʱǰ軨һƬֻ÷ˡ
ϵɫߵɢغ̧ŵȫޣо̶յʱ䣬ۿɼ֢۶
ֻտŸ̺ڲ࣬ŵʱ࣬ʱ䣬Ǿ񲻼õĳ齡
ڵյĳʱճݣι½յҩ
ȻݸպڣȻоһʣͷҩȳһͷһĨĿѪɫøŵæеҩյܳȥ˳֮ס
֮ڵݿѪһϣǰΪ
˿֮ݵ֣һİݣ£ȵǷβѪܿȳǺ£Ǻ¡
һֱظ⼸仰ڴϵݣܹо֣֮ı
ݿƽƣ֮ףĪģһܳŵס
֮ԣŽֵڶ䣬ǿԼסͿˣݾͿˣһҵҩܳ¡
΢ͷ̧һֻ֣ǰķ
֮׿ݺҩ֧𽥳ȵ˯ȥ˫ֶڽУںñ졣
վʱӻһΣæȥסһ·
ЩʱնϹۣ»ǿǻµӻδã̫ɲԼۿ˰
֮װڰ֣ްȥڵŵ£кҪʱͨҡ
ͷӦȥˡ
֮׼ڰʱ̫ҽǰЩʱ̫ҽ˺ܶΣе˶кνչЩҩĵҩ䶼ʧܸգܽ˲پ飬ܿ಻ҪĳԣСһЩҩĿԡ
֪ϢԽ֮࣬ԽĿ϶ԼһɨζҩпܱǿĹؼ֮
֮׽Լ뷨̫ҽ̫ҽʱð⣬δ鼮عҩģУ֢֮˰
֮΢˼Ƭ̣Լ·һѰ̫ҽ㲩Ⱥ飬֪ζҩĵ鼮ôԼǿʲô᣿ͨ׵Щҽҩ伮಻ʲôˡ
֮˼ȥԺкȻһ鼮֢Ȥš
վ˵еᣬûҵƼǰгǣ֮׾ⱾӦ㽫ãС
֮׹˲̫ҽֵæչ㣬ȥá
֮ȥ磬һӶڱֻ̫ҽһˣ̫ҽֻڵ
֮׼Ҵҵȥú涫ңûн鼮ҷţеᶼİڷһżӵУһʱ䣬֮ױҵˣɨһۼϵᣬԸչһضЩ鶼ᵽȥ
չӦ¡
ڣ֮׷Ǳ֢ȤţԽԽֱ鶼췭֮꣬ҲûζҩģѵԼּǴˣʱһĶҪ׹䵽Ԩ۾ˣһҳϤļ仰
ԣмΪصķʵ¶ߵ֢״ôҩһԡ
׺мǶ֣֮ҩԹá
֮һҳ꾡˵˲ҩΪݿԺƷȥʣϴ͸øҩҩһͬơ
ҩΪ
ּ֮֮飬æݸ̫ҽ࿴
̫ҽձڶûߣų֮һһһէЩģԼҩĵҩҩҲƲסϴϲ̫ҽһ˵ҩϷΪϾ֢֮ҩģ
һζҩļѣ֮չ㣬˳ȥѰҩ
ҹչתżӰȥˡ
һ𣬳֮ױÿʱÿ̶ļ٣ȲҪõҩΪ֪ѾȲˣµʱѹÿһ춼ĵÿʱ·͵ʱ䡣
֮׽˸ʼʱʱ̺ԣվֶ̧֮಻벻չڲࡣ
˽ⲻʱϵʹͼ尾ˡԽǵ棬ԽѣβͬˮУ˯ҲҪԿأ˯һûҪʱ˷ȻԿڶֱܹ֮дɡ
֮ױ㣬ҹա
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֮ײϣݲϵɫѿ沿нʹ
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֮׿ǰĵ֣𣬽Сжϣˡ
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֣ڴ齱ߣ˫ͷڱС
ҡҡ
֮ǸңԽԽԽԽϵԼһжԼĴ
ΪûˣӦ
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鶼һһݱ㲻մȾ֢֮ͷһеһУ
ֻԼ꣬ɿһȺĳӰ
֮׻һ˫ն˫ۣЩûûκεĸı䣬ͬһһ㣬ȥãκεĻں޺Ͳʡ
ΪûҪݵԼ
֮׻̧ͷϸĿݸףȻס΢֣򴽡
ݣ֪𡭡һ˵ġ
֮װ봹΢Щ˵ѹֵ
꣬游ĸ뾩ϵ˵Ǳֻʶѡ뾩꣬ʱΪһƽȥˣС᲻þǵٻܸҪؾĻؾˣģһر𡣡
ʮ꣬ųնұ͵ʱ򶼲֪ѹʣ˵ҷѲػӵ֮Ϊ˻ţֻһ꣬ͬһˮȵ꣬ȥò˻Σ޸һçЩ·ѲôʵֱŰ֮ʱûжϢ⡣
֮׻뵽΢΢ҡͷ̾ҺްΪԼΪǳңʺ㡭Ϊʲôҡ
ػһҲ֪ԭк޵ģʼֻһ˰ˡ
ܷ˸ı䣬ĸıˣкڲѣôܹ˽ôܹΪԼվ
֪нգ꣬Ҳ˵Ǿ仰ȥıκ顣
š
һҪš
ݣ𡭡



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֮, йŮ磬
㡢ĪҪҵұȥժӸԡ

ֻҪ׶, ׺޲ѽ, ܻ, ׶ࡣ
׻꣬񲻳ɾˣ
˵˵, ױ㲻ǳɣ

֮, ĻΪȥ, ˺£ĪҪκˡ

֮ףõһֱ㡣
֮, 𣿡
֮, ˡ

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ʱŵ̫ҽҲæڵϸ̽һµΡ
һյʱ䣬̫ҽɿ֣ЩǺͲȷȻԳ֮˵зֺ֣
֮΢΢üȻҡͷδһֱ˯ѣźȻʼӷȣҰƲѰͷȷ纮֢֮
ȷʵңĪķȣȴ̽ΪΡ̫ҽҲɻ
һˮһԵĸȻȳµߣһЩ
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֮ԣϸϸļһˣݲһЩϸС඼ɢˣֻдƬڣΪݷŸȣϻһƬͬЩĿ߶΢΢졣
̫ҽĿ΢źɼҩԷˣҩ֢֮ǿңµӳܲסȣȶ£رҽγɹ
̫ҽ֮ⷬиǽʮֵľ񣬳ǰ
һҹڽߣ߳һƬƵķΧУ֮븣ǰ̺ϵͱ첻ϵıˮʪΪֻϻøռأػصæΪݻ˽Ȼ
ֱ峿𣬵һĴڡ
֮װÿһӱ̽ݵĶͷ¶Ⱥ֡
ȻٿȻ񣬳֮ײȷٶ̽ȥͣ˰ʱ䣬ֻ껻һֻʮȷе¶󣬴ϲһѾŴ˯ȥĸ
ѣȥˮѾˣ
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䲻̫ƽԪȴ⣬»ʵǻϲ̰طٶнԴˣҹҡΪģƶʩƾ١
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֮׹ҹЩˣͷ¯ȴȻŵһ죬ҹն
֮׾̧ͷſɢ̻һؽһأ֮ڶ̻ƺƴҹ֮Уǣ·ŮɢѤ
еǶڽͷפв̤Ժ⣬˷ܣҡָſеĻаնͬһʱ̣о̾ſѤʢ
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