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ݱǩ   ִܿ
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һ仰飺


1 
ౡ
ë죬ͷһСëԲİƴСվڰҶؿڣС̫̣ë
Ҷۣǰů棬һͷԲĺڶۡ
㰡Ҷ˿ΧӣһĶǲǶˣ
ౡ
ë׵Դ˲Ҷ°ͣο
ɣ֪ˡҶӴ׳һ˿ߵſڡ
ҺŲ˿Ϸģ԰ȥҶѧ˵㿪ļɣ̵ʮӣǰ򿪡
ģԺﶼͣɢҵСڵϡ
ӴųţĶӵĵǣ÷Сĵطû̫ңкüСֻĻܳԺܾá
Ҷ˸㣬⡢Ժﶼɨһ飬㶫
СüһСʯʡʯĥ촲̡ư趼УǶϾɣһЩͷӦȰҶ
СԺǰҶ̻һٶ꣬ҶǵԼͺСʱ̾ͺܺˣʲô̵ģǺϲЦá
հףҶȴհ٣ðҶүүͬ޸ģĸĳɹˡ
ҶǵԼСʱ򲻶ΪʲôԼո˲һʹ̡
̻곤㲻ͨӣ׼ҵѹס㣬͵ðټѹ󰡣ԺӾģ˭ҲߣҪûطȥˣ׼ꡣ
ڰҶ˵Ļǲ֪ʲôԲŻԺԼ
ʲôҲûˣǰӲûˣҶκ˶׼׼ҺǰͰȥչĻͦãһй˾ʡﶼŵҲЩȻǶҶˡ
һۣȻĥĥС󣬸ᰡҶӹ﷭һСۣӦûĥģе㷢ƣСζ
ˮ棬ߦгˮջ
Ĵȥ൱䣬ֱ̨ͨҶչŻһ¾ˣر˳֣ҪһлˣССŪģû
ౣ
ӰҶ˳ĸ첲ܵǰ棬ſɤӣиСȥڰѲȼˡ
Ҷ˿ΪˣҸȡְɣͽзͩôǴſǿͩҵģֺӦðɣȻ㲻˵Ҿ͵ͬˡ
ͩźڶۿҶϣë׵ԴҶ
ͩͷСëףֻҪ˾ܸоůģر
տˮӽȥһÿ̳뻹ߺڴ룬һͰȫװˣҶҪ˵
ౡͩϣҶĴ룬ٿԼǰյģȻû
Ǹ㣬һͺܺóԡ
ȵȡҶ˸СӣһŽȥƸͩ
һһ˸ƤԲ˵ûɶ ҲûżнɶģҶǾú㣬û취ǰһֱһٱһٵģпڳԵľ;˼ζˡ
컹磬ҶתһȦ־ȻиؽѣյģȴְȫֽʵæСɶĶ˽ȥֻһʳ
ͩȥ￴Ҷ˸ı¨ţ˰һʵջϴųȥˡ
ౡվڱ¨￴棬ͩҶϣĿŴԼرƣڿ϶߹һװˡ
ǰͬðˣҶĽŲģϵͩЦҶļа
ౡͩҪ𣬽̫࣬˸á
ͩҼҵġҶʣզ
¡˵ˡԥһ»˳Լ˼ ҾǸϴ֣û飬˵Ⱑ
Ҷҡͷ⡣Ǳߵ˶ˣµĶҲҵģǳ̣һЩʳûǿСʱһ𴩿ɿĽ飬ɶ˵£˵ھء
ٺ٣˵Ҽ˵˵¶
ౡͩվڰҶϣ̧ë׵СĶ䣬ȻһȣȻһϸϸģ뻹ͦԶһζû䵽Ҷϡ
ͩԴҶ˵ͩһ񡣡
ౣͩСԴؽ
ݣҶ˸£
ǺͰ׼һɥɥ°ĩ׼˶ǾѬպϴģܶȺܺãѸϵ˳ˡ
ʱҶԥԼҪҪŻس׽ͰƵ˵Ƥ
˶ˣпܸȾÿԵģֱҶ˯ţֱˣкû
ЩҶţԺˣû˵
˿ں١ǺӺˣɥʬĶɱˣڿˡĴҲɽͷȥϵ·ҲԶӦ㰲ȫʳж࣬ʱڲ⡣ҿֻϵϢ˵ǳﶼʼʳˡ
Ҹоò˼ǵ׼ҶûϢ˵ʲôģҾһһģӦֻɥʬŶԡ
ͷУڱ仯ûôɱɥʬ̫ʵ
ϲ˶ԼƽʱˣеĴָзǳ΢Ļ𻨣ĦࣻҲкһƽʱģ仯ô
ɥʬж彩ӲҲֻܲͨҪô£Ŷ״ɥʬҲݵرܿ
һҶ˽ӺҳڴһȦû쳣ģתؼҡ
Ҽһ˲ٳԵģĲ˵ʳ˭ûмٽеǧﶼУɽҰ˶࣬вɹɵģʱգǮֻͣȻ˴ҵĶڻǲ׼ġ
ҶҲУ
ɽеҰ˳õʱڳϸϴɾɹɣϴŵͨĵطܷһꡣ
Ҷֺüϴ򿪿˿ԼкüֶʶܳԾˡ
ҳԹ㣬һҩʱԵܽءҶץһСѣװţָͷͣؽ
ౡͩվϣҲóŽԼĳ̫̣ҪմˮԸҪˮˡ
ҶָˮͩϣûעʳָմһƬҶӡ
ҶѸչ̣ɢ
ףҶҶӿ˿оƬҶӾǸոժʵƵġһƬҶӳԣʼնûɹ
ȵҶݺˣҶȥԺ׼в˵ʱһƬҶӱ仯ˡ
ҶͩǰҡΣҶٺЦҲˡ
áͩ˸ãһСǣҲء
Ժļһֱף˭ģֻаҶʱ򲻻ᣬҪȻЩסô죬ǲˣҲʣ¡
Ժ˼ж죬ݣЩ˵սܼġ
ǶǶ԰Ҷܺãȥʱܵ
֪˭ǵļˡҶ佱ͩ𣬻ʡŵá
ͩҶϣòǡ
Ҷǿ佱
ͩˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿŰҶ
ļµĵⲻͬرƣɢ˺ĲҶ赽һ ٵﳴҶŵͶ࣬ر㡣
˴࣬Ųˣһ̵ķ
ͩҲһС࣬һСѲˣһڲ̧ͷҶ治ɫİѲ˳ԵˣЩĳȥ
Ҷ̲סЦ㲻ȻҲܳζζǽģȫǻҪȫԵ
ౡͩӦţȫˣҲˡ
˯ǰҶóָֻر仯ֻ࣬ҪСһ㣬ûôΣգ˶ܷɣϷһʱֱڣȫõΣա
ֻһ㣬ڱ仯Ȼûֱ֤ݱûб仯Ҷи֤ݣöҲǱ仯˵ģϷ˵ǼԷһ仯
ȻֲҲб仯ˣôֳʳܲܳԣ
˵ԶܴټĩС˵ϴֲֳﶼˣζжȵȣ˶и˵˵͵³ĸʳܵҲԽԽࡣ
ͩſڰҶؿڣ֪ʲôʱ˯ˣСظСࡣ
ͩë׵ĶӣҶֻ㲻ôҪȻһءٺ٣ôôա
ౡͩ˯лӦ
Ժ൱һյأƽʱɢˮغͷ֮ǻǻԼһɳɵѣϻſ˯ƨɺһΣһܴƽʱҲɢģعΪɥ£˶࣬Ӱ쵽ˡ
ҶѺԺĿյؿܲײ˵ӣӦģֵġ
ֻʵܶ궼ûֶˣԺҲûءҶӵʱ򣬲ɵЩǲԤʲôԸ˺·
лҪ˵ܣҽһ
ౡҰ㡣
ܣţеĸƵģ


2 
ðҶãųͷأûɹŰʽʵʹˣһСؾ۵ᱳʹ
ͩԱСצٵأٶر죬̫צ̫СŸûƵġ
ౡͩСָŵϵССӡ
ˣͩܰҶ佱Ҳû⣬ɻһͩվСԱߣҶɻ󣬴չȥ뿴˿Сһ򾣬Լܿͷƺ
аӵ棬Ҷһࡣ
򾶼ʼԱˣô￴ƽʵҲǰȫովʹЬٵأ֣ͩҪԼҧһڣ롣
һȥһ˫Ьֲͩһ򾶼ɱǡҶ
ౣͩʾԼ֪ˡ
ʰһСأ˰ײˡܲܲӣһˮųͺˡ
òҴҼһˮҪǳˮһͣǽ첻еصزӦĳ档ôˮˮʲô˺ͦá
ϰҶ׼ЪϢˣš
ౡͩҶ϶ţźڶۿʮֲѺá
˱ҧˣ֪զɵСĵ㡣רŹ߰Ҷġ
֪ˣҲҪСġҶڻ֪ӵ᲻ȾһжҪСġû²Ҫţһզ졣
񺩺ЦҼҾһ˳ԱȫҲصع˵˵ʲôȻȥ˰
Ҷ͵ſڣϴţʰԺӣȻû˰ȫС
Ҳǣÿ춼ڷ仯˭֪ʲôôаȫУ
һֻܷ⣬Ŵؽŷȵط˿Ϸ죬Ҷ˯ͩǰһ½𼦶վ˯
һ磬ԺӴűĵ죬ͩһ·Żܳȥ
Ҷ󣬻ûž֪˭
ŰҶƺѾˣ쿪ţ£
ʲôҶûš
İҶЩүүһմʳ۸Ӹߣȫ˻ȥ
ȥɣҲʳҲ㡣ҶúЦ˭֪ʳǾĶΪûͲ֪ϢˣǶֻϢͨء
Ҷһ˿ȣǾôӱַǳƫƧδ˽ʲôʱǮĸһ㣬δ򲻵ʳ˵˻ϸ
ҪŴʳֺүүڰҶû
ݺݵһţҶƻ˵ʲôͼǰĴ͵Ĵ򿪡Ҷаϣһɫ򾡣
ౡͩȥצӹŰҶ󣬵ų˿ڻǡ
մϻһŵĶ
ͣŤĶİҶƶΪ㲻翪ţⶫһǱ˵ģҪҧҸȾô죡
ⶫҧԼע⣬ѵҪңҶֻᷳС֪װðʮóߵڰףðҶϴƵԼĩֳСС˿ڶصʱڹɱˡ
ƺǿҶ̬ᷳҶƷ̬θүү˾״ģȥǧʳͰ¡ڳ˶ܣʳڻԽԽãЩʣˡ
ĳ񶾵ˣҲٰ㡣Ҷߵʱ򣬲ѾҶϾϵ𣿡
ǰ̻ڵʱ˵ֻʱҶ⣬ˡ
Ƕˣȥ˳﷢ãܻҪڻʳǮܽ𣿿ò˶ã¹ܶǮҲȲһ
ౣͩһǣյҶһСͷ
ʲôҶ뵽ʲô¶Ц㲻ҲУҿͦõģҼ߱ңȥʳô
ϢͨҲж﷢ϸ΢ı죬ֻܲܼ࣬ߣղֻ򾣬ͷѾˣ
ڲ֪˾ѻϵܣǶ겻ģ
Ҷ죬ǰôûðҶô޳ܣȻǰʵҲֻĶһЩ㻨Ǯĸĳ谮ȵȣҶ̫ںЩҲûϡ
ͩǰҶ׽Ļ飬Ļܺãôܸ
ǲпӣǰҪңžҪҵĶɵɵҶ̵ôȥһҿ
Ҳǽ輸ѣôСҶҶô˵Ҳûôܽ赽־͵ˣ費İ취ֵòԺĿҲûأ
شҶƵ͵ĹϵĴţҶû˵
ðҶæ߹ȥͿͮͮëĴ󹫼һӵһߡ
кü򾶼ˣǿ˵ˡ
ҰǷųǧҪܳȥԺתưҶϲ⣬æ򿪼ӣмǶ
Щһͩ࣬ڵģرǿ󣬵ϵκγӡȵȶӲǵ۾
ǰϣҶ׼ȥ˳óֻ
вҲ˵˶졢ֲڻûʲôΣգȴȿʼˣ򾣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôⶫȱ죬仯ͦ󣬼ֱˡ
һӣҶֻظĿ԰ѼųصײܳʲôӣӲ۾رȫ
ౡͩſڰҶϣرĿֻҲ֪û
ֳɵĹ棬Ҷ˸棬Ըͩһˣȵĸɸɾ
ٿֻѾ¥ȫǰġ
ֵܣҼûм֪ȥгֻźţǣ¥׼ȫҪ
󼦣ֵʲôطڿȥȡҪʲôɣ˽ģ
ȴһְ¥ˣܾüˮҲرΣա
˵ϻ󼦣㿪ۣ
Ҷ˷ӣ淢һԱַӲرԶ룬˽ĵȱһЩƷֽʲôģǱ߷𣿡
ֵ壬ЩҶ һֿأ˭֪ڻһֻ
һһ˰ɡҶ
ҲɥʬֻҪܹ˷ϰڼ˾ͱۼ ܱܿɱʱ໹ռ൱Ƶġ
ǸҪԸҶҲԸףûԶڴﲻϵԼҲȱĶܵ뷨ӽˡ
ôţҶͦȥԺ￴˿ǣֿ˿׶죬һֻ׶Լ߹Ҷæˣˮûˮˣæ˾ˮ͹ȥ
׶ɱȼˣܷܣսǳԵĺüҶӲ֡
ͻȻֺģţҶϤȥš
զˣҶ죬ŰҶƣʱˡ
ҶҾֱ׵˵ˡҰţ˵ҪʳҲòʨӴ󿪿ڣҪǼʳóڻ֪ʲôʳóǲǾɵ
ǾɵΪǮʳˡҶҸûϵǰɡ
ҶżУҶ㣬Ҫҳ壬һȥ͸үү˵
զ˵զ˵ҲȥҶֵ
ౣͩǡ
˶ˣȴҲûɶ˶ܱɥʬˣб仯ҲûɶûҶҪҷõֵġ
ŰҶȥ˴棬ĳҲͣڴ⣬ûΪѣǰˡ
ٻֶ˸İˣɺ
ҶٴδţǸԲʷСᣬϸƤģ۾ˮģŰҶ͸׵Ƶģأأ
ôô죿Ҷ졣
ֱӷɳİһҲҵ飬㲻֪ҼҲԺӣǰԺ¶棬򾣬̫ˡŵҼ˶żء
ڳסǰԺķӣȻرǮϵ·Ҳܿ
ʱȴȫԼǮʲôõģԸǮһֻ
ѾбҪɥʬˣɵɥʬٶȸ죬ǳˡȺˣѹҪСЩ
Ժȥļͱ첻˵ˡ
𣿡Ҷʡ
ˣˣһ˲Ҽ׼Щ࣬㿴ܸһֻ
öɡҶȥСóץֻȣһǣų˴š
ֻҪгӳֻ֣ͻݵİæֱԣûľ͸ˣʲôĶճԲ
۷Ź⣬۲ĦȭƵġ
ȫƷҶ˸װ˰Сϡֻһ㶼£ʮеȥ
ͩ໵һɤһǣյĵһ򾣬˶ˡ
۾ֱˡ
ͷһֻĸ㡣ҶЦ 
ɴ۾ֵܣǲǿҰҪĸߴ󹫼Ǽӡ
ҶʮֵĸҪµƢܴãĶղҲˣҼͩͺɣҼٹ۲۲죬ЩС˭ģѡȥ˰ɣ
ԼԿģֲȱǼʱȴܾ
áðɡ֪ΪʲôоԼ񱻺Ƶģ뵽ԼѡУָ
лҪ˵
ܣҼͩץӣɡ
ౡţ㡣
ܣúøɣԡ


3 
ֻԺ¹ǹĸë϶󲿷ֶǺģҡҶѡеС˵ֻɣٸȥ˲
Ҽȷʵûмˡе㲻˼
Ҳ˸ۣ֪˼ҲȴӰҶҳÿŽȥҪС
ҲץӣСиϲĸתƣҶֻܳȥŶİдʮת
Ķʱʵǣż̵Ļȥˡ
ౣͩСڶ༦ǰⲽʱʱһСǣʮơ
ǶĽҲǣֱҪ޵ˣ
ౣ̤ͩСȣ˸ɨȡ
ߴߴߴҲűQ
ĸʱʮֵһʼͩԸܹʱŻǣĸܽţҪͩսֻͩСиȤ˻ĸķּǱøˣǷͩౡĽл
ҶҲ㣬ŸҷĴ󵨵ĿŶ߼Ǯ
Ʒűķؽѣ˺ü䣬ܷԷǳãؽʳζ
ĩȻˣûзС˵ĳ򲻹ɥʬͻȻɥʬ仯ܻȫԼǻȥķ
ÿ˶˯ңǷҲֿʵڲеľ˯ǰԼŸССġʱٸҲѸٷӦûʱƶߡ
ϵţѾʼɱˣȴֻʴܣȻܿ챻ٸ˴ߣ˵ų˶ر
޴ڵΣջ˶ҳţϵ˾͸ˡ
ҫҼҼУߣ¥ܹʮȸ߿תƽأҼǰԺĵ̣޵֣
ҶһˣⲻǼҳȥļô
ౣͩҲܼǼ-̳ġ
¥»һƬĽʺ޵ģҪļС
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ҲŻ¥ͬУֻҪһװʳƷӵУ
ʱѾ˿¥IDϴǸʹʱİҶϵʱ
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Ҳģ󣬳ԵĶ˲֪٣洦ΣղҳţˣǰҶ͸ᡣ
˽İҶֵܣԵҲܶ࣬ٸ㻻һͷզ
Уһͷ͹ˣѻø˰ɡҶѸٻظ
ƣҲȥ˼УܿͷھҲסǰԺıܳȥһͷĸһȺлĸżԺƣȻҲץӣ˰ǼͷˣŻǵС
ҵļоͲһˣһʼ˩Žţι˼֮󣬲˩ţоǰҵܣలȫˡ
˲֪ΪʲôҶȴԼͨҲоܵˣɥʬ϶ҲͨļȻǻץӣȴ࣬ѵļͲһˣ࣬Ǽҵļͩѵ£ֵⷽá
ײˡܲȳ磬̵ƬСҶӣҡڡ
ͩԱ߿ڶתתŰҶע⣬һȥһС硣
ͩɫ粻գҪպɫġҶżؿҪһ߲ɳæǿͩȥ˵˵Щ绹СܳԣԺײ˳ˣһǰײҶӵġ
ౣͩȥѵ
˼Ҳ˲磬Ǳ̣ˣļˣǼرãֻܹܰѲΧҲסӡ
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Ǻ羮ˮˮرల¡
ʳɲ˵ģҶ̲ס˵ܲϴɾǺͶ꽴ˣζ΢΢رθ
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ǲԼõģˣǷ°ҶţЦЦ
ҶܾŨѪζһɷĸоܲáɵԼԽõģֻӲͷƤҪĶ࣬˵һٵװ
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ͨŷܿԺﲻгȺļͷ׶죬¶һ˿ֺֻ̰ܿаҶһ˳뵽ʲôЦҾһ
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ĳƤͦණӰ˵ġҶкɫĺۼźۼֲѪ
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һͷôҿҵԺͦõģˡ¶ݵЦݣֵǣɣȷˣһͷģǺö˭֪ѼҲ˺öˡ
Ҷҡͷȳ֣ôͲ룬ҼȻȻ̵İȻѵɵϲң
ͩŷһڡССĻ档
ڻ̵˺ܾˣ֪Ǻˣʱᣬ˳ȥ
··һӳ˹ˣƫƫûˣ˵ȱ첲ȸܣ
Ҷһ߷ɴչСܣͷͩ͵ɵƯ
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ȻͷȥͷҲܴ󣬵Ƥرףûʱ·㣬һƶûУǱɶƵġ
СܶЦҶֱӹЦ˳
ǶվסҶͻȻŭȣ˭Ҫǰͻ
֪ͩĶһƬҶԴһ˦ҶɳҶ׼ȷץסָ⣬ŷһ˦
ҶһƬǴָ죬ֱ·
˶һҶҲǳȣǣҾ֣ѵ治ǹģ
ɫͨ죬һѪںӺ³۵ڵϴ
СǶʱ·һۣҶʮֹ졣
ðװ׾ģƫݣӱŮ˻ÿôӦĻ䣬ȴû뵽ײУһ־Ҫ˾ǡ
ȣҪǰ³ҶͬҶƬһȷʮŴΣֻа˸ˣŰɡ
ƽһʮΣ·ǵñɸӰɣ
úߡ
ǲǲ𡣡
߿ԣѶ¡Ҷ۾һգգ
ͲǵģʱһҶԸߣжƨƵİѷ̧ϣĲţƤǡSεĳ˳ȥĶӣ
ౣͩҶϣеǿСȥˡ
ͩԴҶ˿ŵҲǿţڶƬҶȥ
⻹Լ֮󣬲ҹϰҳĹֶΣƴȫҲֻܷһöѡ
Էģ͵һֻǰҶû뵽ԼһӣЧá
ѳһСɽӦһұ꣬Ҷ룬ѡһЩԼҪģСƳͻؼٻȥúš
һ£Ҵˣˣдȥһ֡Ҷǲ۴ҲҪЩƷǣ
ȥˡʾãֻ˿϶һס
ҼһʳӹʳƷƷȵȶ࣬˾ûˣڵ֪ܲȥлãȻ
ѪҶ룬ͳ绰ٸС档
ڶУҼһУٸҲûչ
ӷԿϵ֪治֪ģ˭֪ŵʲôˡʱͩҲĬĬĿֻצӻĻҶԼƺбҪˡ
Ժ˭֪ǲˣҲͩһĴأ
ͩ֡ҶҳСѧҵǦͷ
ౡͩʮָȤشչ
СɽɽˮˮˣѧЩɡҶͷԼСѧѧĶͻѧУˣҲûкʵĿαֻպˡ
ͩǦͷҵϻܣﻹֹģౣౣ
߶ΣܹͩóҶౣִҵϵ֡
ŶǸ졣Ҷڵ
ౡͩŽУֱܻȥ
ֹһܻͩץҵҶ
иӴģŤŤ֣¹ܶôѿ¹ǲһռһֽǶλεĺӣ졯
ͩȰҶĸҶΪȷϣ˺ü飬ͩд˺ü飬ȻǡౡУ֪Լдֵǡ󡯻ǡ졯
Դ˰ҶоԼͩѧϰģ취ŪСѧαˡ
лҪ˵ܣӴǣ㻹ѧ֣
ౡס
ܣҼͩѧ־ˣǸѧ


4 
ౡͩŰҶıǰչСȣ˸رɧơ
ѧˣҶͷҲ̧ʡ
ౡͩౡ
дĲԣȥдҶƳֶۣ֡ͩдˣһץͩӵҵϣܽԼһҪѧᡣϸҿαҲҪĻļ
ౡͩץǦͷͷд
һʼͻȻҧ˹ˣҶû²ȥûˮาǵ·ȥҲصش϶ĴЬߴˮЬȵȫװġ
Ҫʱͨţѹûбĺܴ󣬶һЩլ˵ĩ£ֻҪ㹻ʣǿլĵϡ
ǰǲŹһЩˮȵţҶ֪˼ҹʵҲõĵطڲһˣˮˡ
˵иѧҪһͷȥ˵ϸ˽ˣǱߵļܱ֪ԳԳԳ⣬֪ץӣͲһˣëͮͮԪƵģսǿ
ϻųƵͷΧ࣬ȫҪ°
ҶҲ֪Ǹѧզˣû϶Կ
صڸı䣬ٸƿ𽥼ĸıڹٸǿƸԤ½еģϾͿԿٸر
˺ܶ˰ȫУĶﻹ¶ʱ򣬻ļԸ˵ȻûйٷϣԸţһΪС
Ź֮һֱڣʱȻǰأκ˶û취ԤΪڻû֪ĩΪʲôȫԱ
ǸöҶһӣȻһرġ
˶ĩиõĻȥѾ˳˹ԣС˵ӰƷȵȹܽᣬʵһ仰ҪôǿҪôԼǣǿܻ
иӱȽ⣬һϰ壬ûǧĻȡһЩʡԵõĶУϵ绰XXXϵַXXX
Ҷ˽ĹȥֵܣǧĻ޼֮ΪûȡʣǵĻ
Ǳߺܿظԣ
ĻԸҪһ״СѧʼϲⶥĿαҶſڴϣһһ̵Ĵ֡
Ҫô࣬кӣ
ļҪѧϰҶһ
ȥ񾭲㣬üѧһҿҪǻдһ֣Ұ궼͸㣡Ǳߴֺܿ죬д֣ȻܼðҶһʼ飬˵ѧ̭
ϰΪſ꣬ʱŭˡ
Ҷû֣ͩ˳Ƶͩҵ
ౣͩСҵıյĹԴҶ
ڿʼдˮСҶһ˵ꡣ
ͩæͷʼдȻûôƽֱЩŤŤܹ˸֣һĶûУ˻ҵƵǰ棬ðҶġ
ȫԣҶ˸ĶԺţͩСԴ
ౣͩرˣڵϴ˸
Ƶ¼꣬Ҷ͸Է˹ȥҲĶԷͩô뷨û¶棬¼ƵĵطֻһСӣʲôطġ
ϰ嵹һԼԷڵˡ
ҲǸӲģŲӻظԸķ䣬Ҹ׼ã㿴ôðɡ
˭ˣ㲻ҪĻ𣿡Ҷʡ
ϢϰøۣҪûʣΧı궼ˣû϶Ҫֻˤϡó
ҶԼԽʹܣͿֹŹĻ´ٻָƺ͸ǿһ㣬ȻеܣŮͿָоΪ˸ǿܣҶҧ֡
ʹܵķǴСˡ
ౡͩС˵бȥǷкɫģһڻȥ
ϵбǱڵرжʱһԾȻͱͩһڻֱ
ҶָܣǰĲٶȷʵһ㣬Ҫͬһطüܿ
Ϊ̫Ҫһ֣˲ǿˡ
ౣౡͩıģиͣ
ҶͩĻе࣬ڶۻʱʱĿ˳ͩ߿ȥҶһ
ļ֪ʲôʱĶ󣬹ͷĸһŵСУһźڶۿر档
ЩӰҶԼûôˣɹɵĸɲˣͶû˳ԣԵĶʳ
ҲרŵĲ԰ֻ治б򾣬кܶɫıֲĲͱѹˣиģҲû˸ȥ
ðɣҽ켯дһСײˣǳ԰ҶӲͷƤ˵ҲûʲôӦоǿСײˡ
ౡͩҲܹǿСײǰ棬ҶӺ͵͵Ҷ
絽磬Ҷû緹˰ˣͩų꣬ж׼һãСײ˳ȷʵȽϿ죬ȵϿڣڴƬҶӣˡƬ롣
˼ҶĴҶȫŰײģϣܼ
ʵ۵İײҶɢһɴζĶǸάذҶڼǵΧ¶ˣʳ赽һ𣬻˶һ㣬ǴЩ
˵ٸЩ޵ĲһҶǰӱȻ˼죬յ˻ظ
Ǳ߻صؽˣ˵ڲͬÿ춼æ£滹ָʾ˭ҪǵӣֱӿؼҲ͡
ǳʱھ͵÷ǳֶΣҶʾ⣬ٸзӦоԼܰȫԼǹ¾ս󻹿Ȼﲻǡ
ȥʱ򣬷ˣǵܻᱨ㣬ЩСĵ㡣
Ҷû຦£صû£ҵش򲻵·䡣
ǱߵеƣҶϣǺ£ô;Ҷеء
ʵҶҲû취ˣԼܿҶϷɱȽѣ·ٶȴǳ죬ӦǵĹ
߻Ҫɹȥһ˵Ǽһ¡ǱߺȻ˵
УɡҶ֪ܵ˿϶ᱻԴ滹ȽϰȫʱжõģҪȻԺ󴦴Σգ߱󣬵ʱҪǼɶĿ¾ûôˡ
Ҫҵ绰ˣҶȻæʣ·
ûʲô˵ģǹٸˣʱûʧȥֲʲôж˵ˣXXX·
ܹܲո䣬ҰXXҶ̽ԵʣǱûָæ˵Ҹ˵ܲǼ򵥵Ķ˵廨ŵģ˵Լ֩˿ǽģ𣿵ҵȴģʱһչʾ㿴
ðɡǱߴӦˡ
ȷʵһЩԳӵܵģ൱һֶȽϡһѾ
֩˿Ļ򵥵ģиӵѾԼױȵľ˵ʱٸ˶ˣȥ
ȷϡǸĶĻԼϹġ
èͻȻ㰮ȥֻţ
¹ĩǰĩèӺȻǿ㣬ż־㣬ҲΪèӲ뿴Լôѣ
Ҷϰ壬׼ãᵽſڵš
ϰ׼ˣԼҲſڣ뿴ĵʲôˣȻ̻ܽἦʶ֣Īǲĸˣ
Ŀ࣬ԶҲǳ󣬴ʱϰѾ뵽᲻ص桢ɵȸָĴðı֡
ϰͷԷ籩ʱˡ
զ㣿Ų񰡡ϰʶˣ£ǹٸĹԱƢÿϳԿ࣬һƬԵܲ
զңˣҪ۹⿴ңϲ˰
˭˼ˣ˵ǲXXXϰ˵˰ҶϵID
ҡͷȥҶɼϢȴ˵ֻܹİˡ˵СѧѧѧһֱϵʿһЩйרҵ鼮УǴѧԺĲ̫ȫ档
ϰ岻ȷµݣˣϰҶ
£
¡ҶѸٻظ
ϰƣɴ಻ظˡ
¿ģܽ塣ﻹһЩڴڣ˵Ȳڣôʳһզ졣
ڴȻҲˣҼһ˻ţֻеֻˣֻкӣҪǴ˲ŽǺױ۸
ҶӵϢСƳȥˡ
ౡͩڰҶϣһһĵر
ȻǰҪ͵Ǹ˲ǻˡҶѧϰϾҪˣҲϿΡдҵ顣
ౡ֪ͩûȥܸˡ
µڴڣһͿҶСƳϻվһֻë׵ļƵʶȱ˶࣬ǹٸˣֻǼС
ϴηﱻҴ˵ġҶ֪̾᲻һ֡˵°ɣûоܣ
զֵ֪ģȷԼʶҶҲټûйϵеˡ
ҶȴûнͣᵽСƳϣŤͷҼҿɡ
ԭ¾ԼӦú˳ʱе͸Ҷˣܻܲȥ˵Ϣɼˣ԰Ҷһ˽ⶼûаɣ
ֻӲͷƤȥһ̧ͷͿҶֻرԻóССͣƺڱЦ
ʲôЦİֻѾЦˣ
лҪ˵졣
£զЦң
ϱ˵ˣҪ͵ǣˣҪ̲סˣס


5 
ĩ飬ΣҲǻ
϶˳û𣬳ΪƵҶֻԼСӣãȥѰڻûչĴССȥŹٸ
԰ҶһСײ˷˰ܣͩſڰײԱߣżƵһӶתġ
ûղŰײ˸ҼͩһߣڸôһˡҶŤͷͩ𶯰ȷٶ
£
ӽſʼֻܹȥѡ˿ðײſŲԭǵġ
ҲܣֻûвࡣʱײȻֻһ㣬֪ҶѾˣǲ֪ô·ġ
ֲܡҶд˱Ťͷ֣ͩǰðײڳ
Ժпյȱڻ裬ҶѰײڳϸԵ棬ˮ
ڵʱͩͶԱ߽ŵĿţѧܹŰҶ׳һë׵ȦֻҪвĳӸ¶ͷòŰҶ˵ʲôǾѸٽ
ûĳԵ
Ա߿Ľ̲ס뻻һͷУʲôУֻҪеġ
һȳԭũɢļŪһֻԼԺرаȫСв޼ģְȫ磬Ȼ޹èҲУϾרҵץģץⷽ棬ǱȽϵġ
ڲҶڲȱʲô鷳ײøϰ壬Ǳꡣ
ǲеŰе㲻ףٵģĸµˣô᲻һֻ˼Ҹô飬͸һײˣ
ƽʱǳϲˣܼ¶ѰرԵܺãʱҶôϸ㣬ҾȻץʱＯʣеżˡ
˭֪ӱ֮󣬻᲻ӿɥʬɥʬɥʬֲĳٶȣһͻȻ죬ʱûô๦硢̱ˣʱûжڻ㹻ʣѵֻܵ
ЩһáҶǺܵײܲάأӹʳƷһΪֵˡڸάزɣȱάأȻ϶ὡ
˵öԡֻܵͷ
һײ뿪ӣ˳·ϰ塣
Ժ㰡ϰ屻ӹʱܵȻڲеֲﶼ죬к߲ܶ˿ֳġ
ȷԼˣûʲô
ϰȻ飬ЩŻһ䷽֮ǰֻҶİײҲһ㣬Ҷԣ쳤ܾԺ󶼻ţϰһҾǿðײĩڽĻ
ͩʼʽѧģҶʦ
ĿΣѧΡ
СѧαȫҶֻҪſαͺˡͩѧú棬ܿѧ˺ƴĸĸֵرѧʮڵļӼˣ
ౣౣౡͩСԴٴĽš
Ҷһ࣬ͩȻͣ£Щ˸zhiǡchi
ౣౡ
ȥϰһ飬ԷˡҶ¿αͩȥһĸĸ
Сײ˳ô죬ǳ٣ҶѡһЩͷԵУڲ԰һȦͦÿ
һЩ۵İײҶ˸ڵ˺ײˡ
ƽ׹ӵһгƬĻȣһٷˡ
ͩҲмƬײˣƬȣһȫһûƤԲĸҶһʳ
û£Ҷֻؿ˲̫õϢ
иɥʬͻȻܶ˶Ԥϵıɥʬ󲿷˶ûʶΪĩǰ˷кܶУɥʬ
Ϣܿ챻иð
˶ֻܿţԭΪĩܹɣ㹻ʱȥӦһûʲôúµˡ
ͻȻֵĳдǵĻ롣
ҿ־塢£̲סȥע
ܿϳ࣬Ҷ˿Ӧġ
һ޼ʵûгԵˣֻܴŵӳѰңֻҪˮาǵĵطпֱܳ򾣬һ˾ͲСˡ
һҪᡣ
ķӷǳˣҲмǣϧûöԵط
ֽ˰˵ʬ壬ѪпУ˵ǲѪ⣬ŵ˾СҲױ壬еĴźЬӶҳﲢһɥʬûУŵ˻öɥʬöԼµ壬֪
ܷ֮࣬ΪɱǰԼ˵ģƵ¼񡣡
һ˵ƻж˿ɼһߡ
»γɷǳӵӰ죬ϵϢһֱΪɾ֪ĻǶ֪ˣ˶ĺ˭֪Լ߻᲻ˣԼסĵط᲻ˣ
ֳܿ˹ٷϢٸ˾ȥ
ɥʬ̫ɱֻ꣬໹ɱȥʱ˾ȳ׷ǸСǹڵһʧأֵ˴ʱҲֲˡ
ҶͩԼǰӣ૵ǹ¼ҹһΪʧȥ˶һ˵ô᲻ֻǱһΪ֪ģȫа֮ɵĶ顣
ֻЩֲҶܣйٸȥܡ
ԽԽѵʱ˵ܻᱻ޷Ŵʱ˭ûȥ˵ʲôΪҪܵĻȥ
ԼҲӦŬҶȥԼС԰ײ˺ܲ
ͩһȺڲ˵ﴩ󣬿ðͻȥͬĽܵҶǰĶţ߹һ㡣
ɵƯҶĵĿ佱
粻ԸҶҰװƵȻСˣǷġ
ó𿪣Ҷһ룬µһСͩ
Сͩһھ̧ͷǣౡûԵٶȻˣȻͩϲ
ţźҶȥ
˶ʮ˻ûߣҶųţմԺļʹչŰҶĽűתȦرȫ
Ҷ֪ڼ쿪šҶƺR֪ڿȥɱɥʬܶһʡүүҲȥʱǿһ֣
ڸطҪˣӲʲôطܡ
һжˣҹͣɱҲ֪೤ʱɱ꣬Թٸ˺ôȥɱɥʬѼԼһ֣ӷҲн
ʱ˶ڻʣȱʳģʱǳɥʬжʱȥƴһƴָ˳ȥ
Ҷȱ侲߰ɣҲȥ
ҺòΪǵط˭ȥģɱڣҶܻ治ͣš
RǣطȻҲСңɹٸƿأûȫʧRڱɥʬãûлˣҲû
ֵطΪΪԳû𣬻ߡ
ౡҶͩſǡ
ùܣǻȥ˯Ҷͩ˫Ƶߡ
ҶƿĵĲֻܺݺݵĺһתȥҶðҶǰ棬ŮӺøں㹦ͣĩгΪû˸۸Ůǿˡ
Ҷˣȥұˡ
һû˯ѣҶֻˣ´ġ
ౡܹͩצӻֻĻŻͲ
ΪԼˣʣ㲻ǰҶ
ౡͩҡͷ
Ҷֻңզˣ
Lפ׼ȥRȱһЩԱ½͵ԱǾܵģȽӴӴֳ档
RǱǱߵĻȫ롣
L˵㰲ȣӵȴٰȥһɱɥʬӦһֻԷһĵطֲ
R֮ݵô죬Ϊ˶ûо顣
ܲܲȥҶ̫뿪ң治ȫҲûȱٵĶ
㲻ȥҲУҵļµȥһˡŰҶ׼ȥҲʵʵ˵ˡ
浽Σգǵص׵ı򾣬ֱɱһȥɱɥʬģֳܲܵɱɣԲŶкԱΪⷽ档
ܣũ壬˼ѼģǺԱѡ
Ѿ뵽ȱ춯ԽԽϤ˽飬ԺͲ¾սŰ֡
ҶԺ￴Լҵİǣгúܿ죬ͬʱԵҲܶ࣬ȻԲ԰ĲҶʳǺܿ꣬ĸ͸˵ˣһǷͰ
ͩرܳԡ
ԼԶţļҲҪҶʹӦˡ
װϣҶ˺ܶײˣѼʳӡԺӣһĴϣĶ쿴ţСƳ塣
ɫƤڴͣ£ͿҶ޲ѣ¶ŽףСƳվ
ҪܺÿһΪ˾ׯںˡ
ͩڰҶűȥݻŰҶƤϣԼŸȥ
ƤҲԱׯںӣģӦк¡ҶǵȻˣɶã
е֣Ҳɽ£ʡˡ
лҪ˵ܣûϲˣء
ౡһᣬһᣬҿϲˡ


6 
ͦģθ֯ԱɸҶһ
ĹĸСжԹſ˴۵СֻۣͩرͷһСëſڰҶ˯
զ棿и˿ź棬־ðҶװ׾ģӦúܺ˵Ϳˡ
֪ľ廨ŵģһЩûƫƫпóȻǲӵģ߷չǻᾭ򽻵
δܵĳ˵׼һҶܾߴ򽻵
Ŷͩ¶ҶҲС˯һ۾
һֻɶ¶أͿҶ򿪱óһҵһǦͷ
дҵˡҶͩƨɡ
ౡͩգգۣ˳ӵҶϣƨǦͷڶʮĿҵȻʼϰ⡣
Ӱ˵ڼţ
˵ʮ𾪣ѵڶô죬ѾʼѧϰСѧ֪ʶˣôһ𣬿ҵϵϰûش
ԼĽƣĻڲݸֽϻҶָ㡣
ౡͩһƨ£ԼĽֲֺڲݸֽϻߣֹģǵõȷˣæдҵϡ
°һĻŰҶЩ˶ʮ־ȣлеСϲĵ𿴰Ҷðװ׾ģȥƺѷ˴ƨǸţ
λֵܣļѵѧĻΣԼҼڴҲˣ ҾСѧĻĺҲСѧɼզأզ̰
˵ǰģҪԼԼôôø˲Ƶˡ
˶䣬ҶڼѼеĶ һŶ۰ɡҾӦ÷Ϊ࣬ͨģ϶ǰһģɥʬȻǵзõķģǵõĴҪϸ֣ͨĿ϶һ
ģĿǰոտʼ̫ԣȹʱռȫˣͻ߳Ҷ¸æǰ˵
ǹٸˣڴģֻҪԺеĶﶼλԶܳԣǾˡ
ڴͨũֵصģƽʱҲȥ򹤣αڣǳŽˣҺǰ̣ҶٸʮΣ˵ȰҶ˵ٶá
ౣͩдҵĵҶϣȴġ
Ҷҳʣġ
żͲˣҶСǸ⣬ڲҲĿԣҵɵĲȥĸĸɣȡ
ౣͩͦصͷ
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ŶڴͷԭߣһΪء
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˶Цûڴͷ󣬿ͦģû뵽ô
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ͩһ㶣ôҲ᣿
ԼǣܲŻֻ
ͩԥԥĴ˸ãðһСĻǡ
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лҪ˵·ˣҼôر𰡣档
ܣţҪдҵ
ౡǼȫҶǼ


7 
ౡͩûк£۾ųȥ
ڴ󹫼֮ǰͩڵһҵϣצѸд5+7=ؿŴ󹫼ౡ
󹫼ɲ̫ԴȻоױȵΣЩɻؿͩòսתܣ
ౣͩȥ
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Ҷ⻰ӦǶڴ˵ģЦҪҵģɥʬҪǵˡҪǳҲû£ҹ¼ҹһ
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Ҫϲզ죿ڴܾԼԿˣһ˵ģǵ˭ģ
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ڴԼҼսʿǱݻ༦Ǳǰܣʱ˲ץ򾣬úܶ˶÷עԼİȫ
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սʿ֪ԼովʲôΣհܸˡ
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ڸղţ֪ôģһֻ򾣬һսʿҧˣȻʱͰǿܱ֤᲻죬ʱսʿѾ롣
Ҷżȥ˺üСʱʱǽϢɢڱļڴġ
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˸Ҷ˵Цŵģڴ춼ڱԼ
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ڴðҶǹģ϶˼ԲŻҶƬ˵ǸطɣɥʬŹ
ҵļȲϰҶҵģҪӱĵطѹҶвԾƽһЩ
ҵܻûôҶƬĿûô׼ܵĶ֪ûȫƵġҶҶƬԣǲҹġ
лҪ˵5+7=
󹫼£צӾȻ˷򲻹ܣ
һô򵥵ѧⶼᣡô


8 
ƱۣƱ
ҶˣҲҸԼܾʲôŹ֣ڴײǾͱ
Ծԣڴ칣ŲӣۺͮͮһðҶץİѱ
˵յ·վţµ˶վڱ￴֣ҲҶܣΪʲôôء
ౣͩڰҶűߣԴڴ죬צڵϻ˸1
ҳ˵ǰͷɱұԹҶЦЦڴһĲΪȻͬʱóöҶƬͬʱͬʱ˦ȥ
׼˰Ҷǹˣåڴ쿴ٷҶƬæԱ߶㣬ֿҶƬȻ˸Щˣ۽ƳҶŤͷͩ˵ûо۾ĿҶƬ
Ĳһ
ɡ죬ʧܶ
ͩæϣڡ1дϡ2·ʲôҪʽƵģʥĻصҶߡ
˸ڣֱ˲֮ܳʹڴվȹڵϣһ˫۾޵ؿŰҶԼŲ죬
ֻССҶƬϣȴ·סƵġ
̸ӾˡҶŤͷЩ̵ؽͣҶƬӷɵһӳȥǲܿƵģ㡭һ¡
ҶƬϻΪ촷ʧڴ͵վŭΪң
֮ǰ˵˰һֱ֣ҪȻô֡ҶЦЦ˵ΪǱߣô˵ô˵
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˵ڴĲԣǰҶܡˣǸɡҸһһġߣǽϢһҪǣʱΣո࣬ұûﻥС
߸һǻԷһ棬ɶûУܵõ
¡ҶļԼܺã͵ҵİײ˳ԣҼͩҼȥ׽ֻ켦ڱ춯ȻҲУõĺٰɣֻ켦ļֵҾͲ˵ˡңټƣҲ˳ƶΪΪʲôҪǸ
Ҷڲǳܵʱ򣬵ΣգӦûﻥൣһ°Ц
˭˵ҪﻥˣҾͲ뵣ôˣƾʲôûҪǸ涨𣿡Ҷƽ͵֪ɱȺ壬ҲȺ尡ֲܶȺɡ
ĵطҲоֲܵģǶһܣӡѿ
Ŀǰ˵ֲܸͨ˲࣬ӦȺġ
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±µ˵ʶҶ׼ĵˣֻŤͷȥڴ˵֪˵ʲôڴǸ
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Ҷǵһɱɥʬȥܵһ㶼µӡ
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ЩϲƻˣעǴҵĵˡ
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һУ˳Զһǰ˼˧šɥʬĲӣͷЦˣлټ
лټ˵˶ᡣ
ҶҲźĿսʿʧɥʬȺڣ֪ܻãҲ֪ϵźǹ᲻ã֪᲻ɥʬеһԱʱµ˶ţֻǼ˳Զţ֪ʲôʱͻأ
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ڻǻȥʱ򡣡̾γȻҪɱɥʬռʣٵŪRǵĴС
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ΪRǾרעڵģȫĵطúôˣ˭֪ôΣա£Ϊʲôһʼ˵
ǽ͵ʱRǲ˽⣬һֱڶģȫĵط
б򾣡ǶҪģڴ첻ӡ
ļֻ˵ֻ칫رϲǰ壬ڴһӰŹĽţҪ˩ԼߣһŤͷǣӸնˡ
ҶҵֻŹֵһУʲô
ౣͩȻ
ҶҵӡдĲ淶дʮ顣
ౣͩſд
ھҪȥڴվߣѾɥʬΣûô࣬Լȥ˰ɣ
һͷ󣬸æ׷ȥ뷨Ӱ
٣¿϶ҪôˡսʿչȤĿͩд֣˵ҶԺǸˣɥʬһ
ӳȥҶƬܿƣʲô°ҶЦһҵܸһƬҶȥǿˡ
ٺ١սʿ룬·Ϣģɲʲô
˵û仰ºҶͬʱ졣
Լ̲סˣ˵ǵģʲôˡ
Ҫĺô˰ɣҶʣ²˵֪Լ˵ˣôͲӦáӦԷΪ׼κζ鶼ӦøɡƽԣԴ˩ڿϵ¶ܱ֤ƽ˭Ը
лҪ˵䡣


9 
ԼȨڴôʱ򣬰ҶȻûб̬ʵܶ˰жܿߡΪ飬ڴ£ŲòҶ˵ҶԴڿϳ׬ͣ㹫ƽܱ֤ǻΪʲôҪƴ
ౣͩƨڲݸֽд˰죬ȻҶ
Ҳʶ
ֻ󹫼췴ҶŲݸֽһüô֪ģ󹫼˵ģ
ౣౣͩæſ£Ǧдд
Ҷ˿ͷ֪ˡ
˿ݸֽϵĹһЩƴǿ⣬ɶҶȴܸܿͩʱȻ𾴡
ĶһЩøֻ칫ڴ켦ǿģҿһܺúź˵ûŰ-º׾ͻ¡Ҷ
ʵڴ컹û뿪֮ǰͶֻ칫ܲã˶ˡ
ƵһЩ˸ȥڴһɣϾǹٸҪôȥôҲ˵ȥ
󷽱ȽϰȫҶǻ
´һЩˣʣµǺܸߣҲûгȥɱɥʬġ
İײڰҶĴ£ʮֽ׳˺һЩҶӸҷˣĥġǵְǷǵͱȽϸӣҲ˵¾ˣֻ˵ʡ
˵Ҳǣڴ쵽׻ǰæġ
ˣRиܴũ߻еﲻԶҰȥһˣȡһЩũôҶȻ˵ܱ֤򾲻ҧǣҧˣңȻԺ󣬴ʱҼˣûģȻ֡
սʿǶһۣеλߵĸӳֱİ壬ãô˵ˡ
ɱɥʬԼ˽Rǵڰȫбϵ£ҵȻԸһ°Ҷ
ũ߻еRǿǰһƬũ壬˲رࡣʱʱ󲿷˶ɹµɥʬܶ࣬ҶӦ
·һҴͳУĶȫգ˶Щʧ
ǵţҲУӦòɥʬ񡣴ʱҶޱһ˵ܣܸЩ֪ճеʲôˡ
ౣͩڽű߱ȥȻһ̻ܵ档
ûȰҶ˵ͩܳһöʮƯķ
Ҷ۾ŷû˵
ϵʯ⣬ⶼ꣬棬Ҷƾһʮֱ
ߡҶûдѰңڲǸԱˡ
еܴһЩƷɥʬ࣬ͬʱʳҲ٣ֻʳҵһ㣬ŵũܴߡ
ῪĿũߣľ棬ҶԼһ׼˻رţµ˻һô죬ͿԶźǹ
սʿз֣
ĶǰҶսѣû˵仰ʱȴû˵رĻ
˻ػе˸Ƚϰȫĳš
ɢɵĵҳӳԣͻϲ˵Ľת˸оܰȫ
ȥһ˰ɡҶȻ
ôУ
˵ҶȻЦ£Щصʵҵܻһ÷ǾסԼ죬ɥʬͻʱңҿԳûȥֻһ˿ȥ˶࣬ȥĻĿ̫źǹˣ˵R
ʱҶҲ֪ԼôģԽǣҪɥʬпˣ֪кܶΣգȴ˳
ԼܼȻãǾͲҴţҶôʱԼӦվ
˶˵Ϊ֪Ҷ˵ʡ
źǹˣܿҲܿȥ̫࣬ĿȻúܴ󣬵ֻһˣжǲܷ㡣
ֻڣȥǸǰҶ
ֵܣԺֵܣ
ҶҼˡ
ȥأһźǹֻҪǹ죬ʲôطǶȥ
Ҷϸ˵ֻԼˣڴҶԼֵܣǸսѷ·˰ҶǼŰҶֺģ
ͩҶһֻûѡг
ͩгǰĳҶ̧ȿȥػ֣ɿԶ롣
ľҹ˼ᱳ𣿡Ҷʡ
ౣౡౡͩҡͷԵģһһأһҶеٴġ
ǰһɥʬжĺƶţҶӳһöҶƬԼ죬гĴɥʬм䴩
˿һΪˡ
źǹĵطǷϢĵطԼãǹ֮ʮʮ泯׵ĵطܷ֣Ϊ˷ֹRǵҵϢ
ǰеĺ˳ҶԼԽƵʹܣԽǿѾԷöҶƬһöһöĻպǰνӡ
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ౣͩ߷һ򾣬ҽŲųϣȵ䵽У˸ãðһСǡ
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û磬˱ĲУǼԺã϶RˡвRɱɥʬҿǣ
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׺ЩŨѪҪôûɱɥʬҪôûɱˡ
СӳòżҲ̫ˡҾϲģϸҴȹ֧裬ұ֤Rǳĺġ
Сԭڣ˲¶డ
Ҷԭһ£ʱûҪˡ
Rǵˣ˵ʮ⣬ӵһȺˣǴʱӣɱɥʬʱ˷ܣü˿Ҷʮ
˵뷨ɣRɡ
֪ɣҶȻһ˵
ʲôϵģ˵˵˭˵֪
ҶҡͷǵϵģܹܳʹˣҾӡ
ҶãţΪҶҪ˵˵ʲô춯صĴ£ðǻסرɵϴءҶһŭ𣺡ͩ
ౣͩ˲䵯վǰĸˣֱһڻǡ
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ٴ͸֧ܣгʱֻǰһڣ˲ô࣬弸Ǳܵƴţϣסǡ
մϼȼȫˣƫƫû˵塣
ĸù˲ǻûӦʱöҶƬת˲ֱ·ȥ
ͬʱʹĺУǹ˲ϵ࣬ȫš
ҶƬһ˦ʮöǸ𣡡Ҷ˿ź󺰡
˳ȥϵˣù֣ǹᴩ˿ڣʱһֵľ֣һֲһֲ٣ֲ̫ˡ磬׷׷
ĸ˶

ôȥɣƾг϶ܲȥˣҲóԿǻȥϴصϣá쬵ġ
Ѫᣬȱ첲ȵģҲҫҪǵطˣʵݰ
Ȼû׷ɰҶܵĲ
ܻڻָУҶƬǿ͸֧ܣָĸɥʬԶԶŵϵζͿʼȿˣɥʬҪ첲ץ¡
ոձɥʬץг𣬻ͩ˿ڻǲðҶɹ
һǸ߹ԼΪ˵õսʿǵֵ꣬ãҶԼ૵ҪֵأסܲײˣҪսǣҪƣ۷塣ͩҵǲǺǿܵĶֻҵǿҪ
лҪ˵ۣҷһ0ۣһ¸֮ǰС


10 
ֻһǾͻˣRϴ󿴵Сǻɫѿ϶ΪźǹģΪʲô
СӳȥСӳԳϴ󣬵ϴСܡ
żȻ˵Сӳ֣СϺƵĸˡ
ˢˢϴ󿴡
˵ͬþʮΣеСܴſǻҺˮˣÿȥ۰
ϴŭʱɢЩͬĿСܣȥˡ
ҪˣȷʵȽϼ֡
׼׷ɣ̾Rǣʲô¶ɹԲ֮ܳʹʵǾ˾£ʵ󲻵Ȼ˱Ƕ񶾣
ҵָܻ̫ˣͩܲȥһҪܣҶĵгѾľˣоʧ
ౣͩڰҶϣǣյɥʬ
гûȥǰ滹иɥʬ
ƽʱסڳиܲ﾿ж ʱҶþ͸ѧƵģ˼˵ĳ棬ֻǰĲͬѧɥʬ
ǣҶԼе·
ǰߵﶼ·ƣеؿ̫пҶ̧ͷʱ䶼ûУֻƾоǰ壬෴ķǵȴģ¾ֻһ
ౣͩȻָ̧Զ
ģңҪֻһˣʲôüֵģôѣɴˣǲܱɥʬҲ̫ˡҶ˵ţûзԶĲһ
ͩˣԶȭߡ
ŶŶŶҶ̧ͷȥϤľԽҰ
սʿǽˣ
һ֣ҶȴʲôڻָҶƬϣɥʬгͨ衣
гϣҶֻýٺһղŵɥȫʧʱֻһеĸֵãȻá
õˣһRǵˣһͲǺˣҲ⣬ҺˡҶѱΪ˱Ƿڻﱳŵġ
զӵģʡ
ȡҶ뵽ǳؾҵܣ˦öҶƬǾͶŻˡ
ౣͩ
ͩǵ·׼ݣҶæ˵ΪͩҲܵô˳˵ˣллң·ûΣհɣ
˵һҶ֪ԭûã¾ʹڴˣû߶ԶͶڸ
ֻǱҵڴ컹ǣ
µƢҲˣϸĺô˫С죬ջΪͷ칫ͷˣڴ첻òȥ׷ŸŻ
صŵĵطҶͣ汻ĺܺõũûеиˡ
ԼҼúõģҲĺܺãҶɵĴתתڴ϶ˣǱĶڽ䡣
զˣҶ⣬ȥĵطӦûʲôΣղŶԡ
Ȼбв󣬵ֻҪһͷǼоܺܺõıԼԱԺ󵽵ĳ˵ѾǺܰȫˡ
ֻ칫ˣڵſڽ䲻Բء
ȥҶȤתˡ
ڴѾ˵ҶRǣ˺Ҫ񣬶ȫػˡɵûɣҶǲǸRǿܴڵʲôϵҪȻôȥ磡
ֻڲ˵Ļڴ֪ԼȥֲչԼҪˡ
칫ſڽ䣬ϵë˺ܶ࣬һȻˣŤŤĹԱߣȥЩǣצʮַǶԴ׼ֻ࣬·硣
Ұһ°ҶּСľ칫
е죬칫ŤͷҪǡ
ౣͩǰ棬󹫼ʱϢġ
Сľ̶ϲָܻܲͿֻԼˡ
Ҷ˵ʳ˺İײҶӡ
󹫼ʱûԣ˿ʱԼ͵͵졣ˣ֪ҪȥͱóԶ
ռĲ࣬Ҳ˽⵽˱ҪظɡԷʱ ºȻ˵
˶û
Ǻڴʲô£Ҳǰߣ϶ɵԽԽ˲ڴ£ʲôƽ£ʱսʿпܰ¸¡
ĸԵĲˣҶũûеֻͩ칫Ҳˣòŷڼ档
칫˰ҶУڴ̵ջǵС
㾡˵ûվǱߡҶ
ڴɫǺ죬ĲҼ˵ˣΪ˶վǱߣ²ࡣ
Σ٣ҲǸ·Ĺ
·ЪϢʱ򣬰ҶԼҼųԼͩȥεĽ
ౣౣͩųŷ̵ߡ
һ䣬֪١ҶҡͷԵ
ౡͩˣûԴȰҶ˵һ飬ౣ
Ҷû˵һʯͷվţԶҲͣżװʣӦóʳӶ࣬Ϥˡ
ʱǱߺü˶ͬʱ
Ҷ̾ʯͷܡ
ھ벻Զ·ϣӦǸ·ڣǰ߱Ȼ
ǰٶȲΪҶı䣬Ҳû˵ʲôȴû뵽·ǱߵĳѾǰˣ⵲·ڡ
뿪Rǵıؾ֮·ҳ϶ųصʣ·ʱҲû·ʱ
Ҷҿˣ㲻˵RǣôˣҶڳһְҶѱı顣
ȻأҶطʡ
㣡һȥүү˵˶Լˣ㵽׻㲻׼ˣҶҶ˵ܿ죬Ҷûס͡١Ĳ
ҶɻؿŰҶƣһǲһգôһˣڶȥǰ£ûһȥһˣҲûոǼƽϣȻǸ浽ԺǵŲţ
ԴܱȽ֮󣬰ҶҲĺôǲҪһ㣬ܶ¾ͶԿ
ǰҪӻǵֺЩˣϣܶԼһ㣬룬ʱֱϣ
ǾԣҶЩţְҶ仯ԽԽԼЩϲˣʱҲǿ˵
ڴʱ˲ʰҶʶǰ
ʶǸŮġҶ˵
ǿǺܲҰôͷæ𿴺ɱȴʤеġ
˭֪ءҶƳ۰ҶƵĳӣǲ
Ҷ泵˵ҧһ
ʱʱżռʣȥ˰Ҷ֮󣬰Ҷֻȥұˡʱû£ΪֻҪҵ˾ˣ·ϾкüУȫɥʬɱˡ
ҪǰҶһֱģҲ⡣
ҶĶȴʮֵҶƿЩļˣЩϵȻúܴǰҶֻŹֵ񣬸
ҶɫʮѿΪⶼǰҶûֻøĹϵҲʧôˣռ˺ܶණȥ֮ǻ鷳
LֻǼɥʬڴ˵ΣգR֮к󣬴ʱLǿȥȫˡ
ҶսʿǰŰũûе⣬ԼؼҴ೤Сײ͸ǡ
ȥRǣҶҪũûеκζûҪ
ڴ쵹ҪĶ࣬ʳ·ʳȵȣҪȫҪҪũûеЩǮҲ򲻵ôһˣɰҶûҲĬˡ
Ӳݾĵĳ˲٣Ҷؼҵһ¾ǳݣιιͶ˵Ķ죬ԼһͩһȺķ
ͩǳȥġ
лҪ˵Ҳк


11 
춯ͨǸӦⳡͻĩ䣬ӦҲˡ
ҶԼҺԺ˸ţأֻʱӲݴбż͸ˮƵġ
ͩ㸴Ӱѱһ飬ҪյءҶźĴѥȫװ͡
ౣͩë΢綶رݡ
Ҳ˲͸յػ᲻ӰصķˣȫҪҪСûˣǵﳤɵҲûð
˻𣬰ҶվںԺſڣͩȻس˽ȥ
ǻȥӻצӺݺݵץסı򾣬䵽УᶨȻ͸ױȵİ
Ҷ˸ƵϣҼͩһ·𻨴硣
ǰǶӺ˵ģϳ˳ԳԳԾڳ˱ĿԣкܶҫԼҳееľܣȻ΢δķչӵ޿ܰ
㷭˷ϢҶڼϻϻ죬ΪǰѵϻʱùȷǳֶΣϻ˸Ȧ
ǸȻҲûкð취
ܿ˿ҶƵʱĴָţ棡
ȫбȥ»ؽˮţöˡ
Ҷպÿֵȥ
ֵǰЩܵũһͷˮţ浱ݣֻˮţҪϴ衢ཬҳԵĺܶ࣬ʺǶǳݵģÿֱҪ
Щȫ㲻ʲôλֵܻҫš
ʱ򻻵㻯ʻˡҶͩϨĻܳϸһ㱡Ļ棬һһʧ±ԭԭë׵ͩ
õĵ˿ΧЩǸũûеһģҲò٣˰Ҷˡ
ΧٽأҪ͸
УҶˢԼӡ
лʳͻţĶ
ŻиͼƬҶ㿪˿û㿿ף˽
ú󣬰Ҷ˳öԷȥˮ೧Ū˵ˮ࣬·ϲ̵ˮʵûаȫУȻҪ£˻Ầ°ԺҪء
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еֳɵģҲѣĵز̫󣬰ҶԼһһʰ޺ãʣµֻеͷóͷһһ
Ҷ̫óͷûһĥֵˮݣҴ˲ļ
ٹѡ
ٹͩһϵСӣóӣһһرȡ
Żⱻ£˵ɺ͸˿İҶͩ
񻹺һ㣬֪Ҷҵֻ쳣Щˣ۾ȷԼû
ͩȷʵӣĻܾȡ
ౣͩͷС
ҶཀྵӲ̧ͷ˿ʱˣæЩȥ˿ɴܰѼˡ
ౣͩͷӿӵٶȡ
æĻҶſվ˿棬Ŀɿڴˡ
զҶ⣬ɶ¶
Ż񣬴ǰŽ
ԺܵļУʱرаȫУƵĵıĳر񣬺޲ϹһƤ
Ҫһ԰ɡҶЦ
ҲûܾǷ㣬ء
Ҷ棬糿ݷĢͻȣ˼ʵļͩһ˸ǣ
棬Ģȼ±ӣҶŵĶ꽴ֱ࣬Ƚ̣һҲˡ
ŷҶҲͩҨС±ӡ
ౣͩԵر졣
ҲܳЩλ᲻̫̲ࣿסʡ
ͩһܳЩҶˣûʻʲôĻʺˮж٣
˵£뵽ԼʱеĴ㣬Ӷ˼һٷˣҪǸ־ƺ̫ʣ˵λʲô
ʵĺûҲ̫ûбѡҵĻһʻʮʳҶ
̫ˡҡͷ̫㡣
ʵܵùѧҵżǮȥҵò׻ʳɫսһʴ⣬ĩˣˡȻ֪еʳ꣬עҪأʱҲõʣͷʲֲ࣬ʱ򰡡
ðҶҪʣͻš
ҲռıˣԺС԰ûãҸֵߡǰӼĸַһСҸһֻСΣҶָӣ˵Ҫǲͬ⣬Կ뿪Ҳһˣ͸ʮΣ
СĥûļӹȥɫеƣǺܺÿʳ⾢СζոճԵĵġ
룬һʮʳ
ɽҶ
ŰҶк̧Сܸо͵仰ƵġԼԿˣͷĳʳ̫٣ڳʻĲˣũȻ࣬˸࣬û˵ķݡ
һĻʣ¹ɶģһͻʮʳˮ࣬Ҷû˵ֱӸˡ
ҶͷʳҲ࣬򺣸һЩ󿨳յķżССףʮСףһסкüƿڻ裬ǰײˡܲܲȵ߲ˣˮĳرá
ѡУ͵ͩˡ
ౣ̵ͩǰ̧˵СһУмֻЩ¶߳
Ҷ͵ǲô룬ҾñĺûĲһȹЩЩûһᵥûġԭڻɡ
ܲһͬʣһѵеĶﶼĵλһˣܡ
Ҫ棬Ͳﶼһ
ҶãӦøַŶԣ棬̭ǿΪʳԸΪʳ
ƽһ̶ȵĲ֮£ҶȥıʲôֻԼܵ仯޴ĩĸһ㣬˽
⼸ֻǱģĿŸͩ߳СУҿû
Ҷҡͷ
ౣͩתȥֽһӣֻСУʻ֮ǰתȥˣֻС
ͩվҶǰ棬ԴУౣ
̲סҪڣ뵽ǰͩı֣Ӳѹˡ
ðҶͩ˼ָָ̧ɢļж飬ץһЩһߣȻָʣµ˵ЩǱ˵ġ
ô𣿡е㲻ףû죬Ӧáûô鷳ɡ
ȣѡһֻɡȥԺÿΪʳСк׽ġҶͣЩֻȷ죬Ǿʲôڻ֪ԿʲôܵĶﻹ٣ֻͩеĸ
ҶĻ˵꣬һֱſڼĸɲ˵Ĵ󹫼һȳһյĳոճ̫ʳûס˸ãһرԵĻǡ
󹫼ԴҶͳ׷ˣԵر࣬˯رû͹ˮģֻ˲٣˯ʱ̫òŷˡ
ǰȼ˶ٵļУٿһ񣬸ͷ󣬿ŵа˽Ĺһʱû˵
ȣֻҲһҳûģȻˡҪٸǵɲ˰ɣǰյģܸɾζҲܲҶҲеΣ˭֪ʱܳ
ðɡҲֻ֪ݣÿģҶøͩתãõĸɲ˾Ͳˣþա
ѡһֻõģΪϤ̫á
Ҷûô˼ɣСУǰҶ˿Ʒ಻ƨɺܸɾе죬Ժ¹ܹĸë϶Ǻġ
СзŵС
ԼǲİϢСЩŵŲŲ壬ƨɺһʺΡ

ҶƤСôȥѵѵ֪ˡҪٸø
ҲƤ˼ܾģ׼ȥ취˵ܷСء
ҶŸߣоԼڻ¶һӺũϢ뻹Ƿ˺ʳҶǱȱɶҿûУùȥ
ȱϴͷˣϻȥRǣûЩũûеûбģ
ҶҲҪģռʲôͿԷһЩʲôڸоƶȲǺȫʵĻȥ˺۸
ȻʲôʱǿʳҶڲһĶܵùƽһЩ


12 
еԥҶɴ೨˵Ҳ㣬ظһȥڵĻһˣһӼ˺üֻRǲǴǺѹѹɥʬȥĻֻܽǣΣҾͲ˵ˣҪҲȥRǶܶࡣ
ҪҵңҸȥRǡԥһ˵ȻǸŮˣôΣյĵطȥˡ
ӰҶ֪ˣԭǰҶ͵͵
ĴԼҴţһ߷ܴ߷ײˣһ˵ҵ滹֪˭ɵİɣһͬͬĸ׵ܵأⶼأأ
ŮûϴȥRɿˣĶ˲ˣôҲ֪ΣӦ뵽ҲκξֻǸ˵˵
ҶúÿڳﻹʲôкӶǣһЩϲױԼȥĪģҶԿׯںһЩŮĸоҶƸҶò̫񣬵Ҳֻ磬ʱŮһ
Ҳ֪ӦǶ˼ˣԲŸҶȥRǡ
ʲôʱߵİҶ֪רעĴ߷һðܲͩſԱߣԼΪ
ĸСʱҶ󺹣ͷĿѣģٴ͸֧ɼϲˡָ֣ܲ԰˳ˣ
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13 
治ǱɥʬһЩ춯Ҳйԣ󲿷˲򲻵Ѷҳţ绹ţԽԽࡣ
˳湥ԣȳԲͷŵʳ˵ʡ߲˵ȵȣУ취ŪƿۺάأгҩģԼҪȼϣúޡ̼ȵȡͷŵʳԣЩװʳƷдıʵʵӳһġ
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14 
ίıһµܲ˼ҪҰЩҼǱȻ࣬ͷв١
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15 
ҶֻŲLǵģòηãҲûôֻ࣬һֱͨ裬ҲûյǷѶţٻ졢źŻˡ
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ȱ֣û뵽ǳˡҶЦ
˼ŷҶƬΪʲôæܣֲַǳԼĲӺģĶʱһ룬һҪ
ౣͩææȥһһڻǣ׼ȷޱȡ
ȼյ·ƷݶĲҽС
ҶùŴ̫˸̿ҲˣʿͩĻղһ㡭
ܵ壬ȻγļҶƬܰ


16 
ౣͩ׺ĳȥֻʣһСۡ³һǡ
Сԭڽ䣬ͩײе˵·ԼŵòУͩʱ㱻ſޣֱܿ׺ݣ
Ƕûˣ㲻һֻܵļѣСһͩӹȥ
ౣ̧ͩץСȸ
С໡һɤӺˣֵĿͩצѪƽأ̧צɳϲ˲ѪתصҶߡ
ֵǷ׷ÿħһĿ⿴Ҷ˵ҲôҶƬƬƵģСƤֻҪҪλ
໣Ҫλ
ôֵˣıʲôӢۺú
СֱôֶΣСµ
˻æ·ϣиеĲ֪ôģȻ˸ȹ˵ͷϾʹˣҿӣһá
Ҷһ죬öҶƬҶƬ˵öپж٣ȷҪԣǲʧʲô
ؿۼˣЦЦû˵
޳ܲҪ
Ҹû꣬ţ
ԭɷģڶܵ˺ɣֵİҶôҪڶ˺ɣʵǲġ
Ǻü׳Ҷֻһ˺һͷŹֵļУƫƫˣĻǰҶռϷ硣
ͩҵû취ƲԼҶȻпոͩ˵εͱѧˣܼ
ֹǼ޳ܣǱи˺
дȹӵģ˿ӵģڶ棬ȫһµϵص㲿λ֪ĻΪҶʲôⰮá
ͩصͷౣҲ֪û
û̹׻Ǹʲôıƣ˵˵ɣȻҿɲ֤ܲ顣ҶһȦߵſվš
Ǹ߲㣬ܣҵȷŶţܿѻֽ䣬Ӧʡ
ʲô˵ģǲ㣬߰ɡ
ǵط߾;ߵİҶ۾´ȹӵ׳
죬׳Ȼе㺦ˣ㡢뷨ӣ
˭뷨㳤˧󣿡ҶӵҸղſǶСҵҶƬᴩ ʱڲ˰ɣ˵һе˾˵ڶʵ˲ܳܵʹ
˵ţ漸˶ҧгݣоȻһЩ
ҶʶԼʱеãɴ˵ͩ￴ǣ˭ҪǶһǵ·צצǣץĵطò󣬻ץ·ɣ𣡡
ౣ̧ͩצӻ˻ӣʾԼˡ
зŵʳͦģܸߣǷ֣άءʵȵʳ١ҶġȫƤװڼϴ߳
иϵ·ûˣֱѪʹĿǽͺ
̧ͩצӲ˲ɳצϵѪ
֪϶˾ͩͷСëһṆ̀࣬ǻǾץסͩǴ
ҶҲˣ׳еңⱲӲˣñȱһܡ
ŰҶ˾ӦҪߣ˿һʱƽ˾ȫ׼һҪ
ȻҶߵſڣͳֻͨµĵ绰ǰɣ˹һ˰ɡǸСкطˣƭӡʱûܣˣҵǻܡ
Ҷ˵ᣬҲܰǡȱôһƴ
˵Ĺ򣬰ҶƤվſڣĳǰȻûгһǴءҵܰȽرֻϰ˲ְ޵Ǽį
Ҫ
ȥֻǸ꣬żпȥͦаĵģֻû뵽ôɡ
ûãԴˣü˶ƷӦǴӾǱ߽ˡ
ǵи֣һֱ׷ٲǵIP˽ϵֲ¶ַϵϢҲȫɾʵǼ֡µллˡ
¿һøȥٸ칫¥һˣ߲ⲻɣҶʡ
Щڣ˵ܺã칦߲˾ͻˣǱߣҪȫߣ
õҪľСҶֵˣͷЩͷǷ׷ףܰһ˰
ϡһشĶ顣
ǶϴûȥRǵսʿڰ칫¥ֵ࣬ά򣬵Ѿ˵Ҷ׳٣֪˴æҡ˶̫һ
ԭͬ˵󲻳ģˣһЩ˵Ĳ״ֵĺӣǱ˵ߣɵþǺܵùԲֵÿ
˵λöһǶȶһģҶƬ͸˵Чࡣ
սʿѺߣҶ رǿ˾üһ
ԭ֣Ҿ˵ôһֱQҲǴطϵƬ˿ҹЩ湻ģڱͲ̫ƽ˵ץȥһҪϳͰҶŴߡ
СҲĻͷҶǱƵģ
ɣǱƵģȥ˵ɣרҵ֪ûѡҶʮֵͩԼѧеˡ
ͩԼѧɣʮҪǲԼѧɣͩɱ󣬶ҼͬûС
ԼűȥͩҶʱǿ˵˵ͩͻȻʮţƣһڻһأʱӦþͲô˰ɣ
ٸİ칫¥طܴ󣬻ڳһŰҶĲˣĶַڱĵطûˣҶԷĴ󵨵ѡ
ѡһЩԼõϵģʣµĻ
ڿ¹ʲôҶָսʿˣҲһݡ
ǰҶٺЦͷҽͲһݰýԼԸóġ
øôҪ˼ôԸæΪĹԱҲһϾϼ˽׵ˡ˼ԸҶæѾܸмˡ
صѼιʳҶЪϢ
ͩԸϴϴצӣëɣϺһˮתȥԺ
кйϢѾɾٸûиͣܿͳıۣ˵ٸٿ磬ƵϢ
ϢǼٵģ˶ץˣǱžˡҶַ˼ƬãҰ
һƬĴ¥ģľɫڶǸտźɷǣǱץߵƬ
ѾȥмϵȹĪˡ


17 
ǰûֹأҶҲ֪ԼҺԺǿصǼĶһĶõطˣٴϲ
Щû꣬ҶˮܣˮǱ߲ͣشˮˮ˳ˮܵأ˳Źʣһͷٻһ
ౣͩ࣬ų˿ϣˮͣǰ
ı켦ոͷĸ߰СŶӣر롣
۳ˮͷ ͩæԺİҶǱ߿񱼡
ౣͩе㼤
ͷǲҶͣ£ȥˮλãˮ
һؽ͸Ҷ۵Ĳſ£ˮܣ˵ԣȥˣûɱġ
ǰĺǸũɵӣҶΪĺɣԼ˵ʱ֪ϿɣΪǶׯڰʽԸģֱ۳ɹ
ͩͷצӺͳһԼϵëë£ȥ
ౣ
ߴߴ
ౡౣ
ߴߴ
ٴÿ糿ҶѾϰˡͩµļÿ糿ҪʣµĻͲ֪ˣʱ򰡡
ϰࡢѧؽкܶóԵģҲõı򾣬ɥʬʱҲԼȻҪ˯ȻУ
׼͵ʱ򣬰ҶͻȻһڷһ飡
ǰ賿ʼһֱʮ㣬ԼҵĹбʱ
Ȼ⼸ԼҵĴ󹫼һαʱûУҲ˵ûдҶǵ컹Լҹĸейˣȥİ
Ҵ緹ͩ꣬ҶæȥԺо
ܿ죬ڣ
ʮʱһͷҪǸոհͷûгԭںԺĴ󹫼ͷɱҪĹ໽һַ˻ȥ
صʱͷ󹫼ĿԺӣ±Ҷ֡
ߣҶΪԼܶù󹫼ģҿ̡
ԭԼҹΪͷ󹫼¡
аĶǼҵļⲻǰôҶôһ룬æվԺߣô͵ôȻҪǺã
ʮׯ翴ȥر
õıɱķ
Ǻ׼ĽȥᱻͻȻıҧпܲȵոձҰ硣ɫĹ磬Ҷ֪᲻ɥʬҲȥԣֻܱ⡣
ౣͩǰ棬ʱʱһڻǣϰ
Ҷں棬ĺ滹һȺзɢһر࣬·ʲô˲õһ
ֵʵΣ鷳ȻɱôߣʱһҪһСҶ°ǹûٱôһЩͿԽҲѧϰˡ
ļ¶ĸŰҶ
ֻǰĴ󹫼Ȼǲ̫ףҰ޵ֱڳѪʮ־ĿŰҶ
طиʱѵ㣬ǰҶѣô󹫼ġ
˴󹫼ڣΣ˺ܶ࣬Ҷԭܷĵģ˭֪͵͵żǴ
ǰͷʮԵı칫ҶȷԼ˵ĳЩһԼ뷨ԼƢ
ʱ򣬴󹫼Լϲ˯˯˳ԣҶŪ󹫼ʵҲ˯ʱӶ࣬ڲ֪ǲΪֹǰԺĹˣȥûм֣Ҷô󹫼϶Ǳˡ
̫ܳԣֱͰ
ֹĹ᲻ΪǴԼ˯ˣ
Ҷ뷨ʮʵʣק󹫼ĳ򣬡˼ҴʹϹɶ˶ûأǴ˯
Ĵצ߬һСľҶϳһľˡ
ҶȴţͩݻԼŴ󹫼ϲʳõץԼ
Ժ֪֪ҾͲʳˣͰԵһֻʮ࣬ܳԣˮҲ࣬ÿհ׿ˮҪ˷ѲôҪ£гͷ֪𣿡ҶȷԼ˵Ǿ䣬˿ڿˮ˵ȻԵöȵö࣬Ҳ࣬һ㣬µģԹ
˵һͨ󹫼ȥҶŰݡ
ͩصǰԺҶȥ˵ؽѡ
հװĽţóԣҪǳ̵ոպãҶóûζ
ҳһгƬ˺˵ײҶӴ䡣
һ߳ŷҶ˷ֻϾȻ˺Լ
Լֵ߲˹׳ļǮߣһոȭ򼸸ϸµģҪȻЩһƭ˺ˣĩʱ ֪Ҫöʧ
˺
ҶԼί㿪һе޻˵
߶ȽϼߣӦö֪ɣ
иߣߵֲܣȻԼ޳ܵר˵· ޳˵󣡡
˲˲Ҷ̣㽭嶼ûУʲôӢۺú
ҽҵˣǻôɱɥʬѵɥʬֱ·ɱɥʬҪͷȻ͵űɥʬҧɡȻҪǸ˳ͻһǾӦõˣϾ˵ӣҪĽడʮ˴ǶôӷĹű𣡡
ǰ˵ĻȽֱѪʷˡ
Գܺߣȥҽ
˵ҽĽǣΪ-ܱضϣ˿ڻָ֮ǰֻϹӰæ·ȾʱڲʹһܣԺܲȫָҽûп϶
겡˺ҽпȻôɵˣҪ˶Ӿﰡ
ӷȥŮӿ˿ֻͨͬ飬˿˾ͱȽϸͬˣǴǸɵˣҪ⣬ôֹ
˵ڴҶ֣ѵôƵģû˱ɥʬѹ飬Ҳûȱ٣ȥðյ飬ǸɶȤ˾ر࣬һʱ仹γ˹ģ
һ˵ԼɵˣһԼҲˣǡֱˬݵġ
ΪЩˣϵȶԽԽߣڰҶ㿴Ϳˡ
ȻôɵˣؼǾȻԼعˣӰ쵽ԺķӰҶСֹҶԸзӦعԼڴ졭̫ϲ磬ǰԸȺˡǱץˣʱӦòᱻų
Ǿֻ˵ϻͬãޣͬùӵرܵ˰
Ҷеҳˣཻɶġ
ȻܿҶ֣ûһˡ


18 
ʲôʲôһͷУר˵·һ޳ܲҪգֱôϢԾ԰Ҷİ
ܻͬģҶԼͩ϶Ƕһ޶ģ
˱ҲˣﶼǵģҪǲộҲô޳ܣҰæǸҳҪˣ
Ҷһ⻹ûû˵ˣҪǱԽԽ࣬Լıҵô죿
ͩǰĽŵϲ˲ţһҡһڵŷһͷҶ۾Ƭ̣ͩͷౣ
ƴĬдǰ¹⣡Ҷ
ౣͩܵ
ҳԼҵץǦͷͩͷдĿҹ˼
ҶߣԼʫţͩдˡס֣дֱд˺֣ʮֹ
ͩд꣬ҶͰƵϣǿҼͩ˼ҺԼòãôᡢôᡭ
Ҷ˵ţͻȻзӦⲻǰԼҲ
ûнͩר˵·ͩԼѧϰǿľѧˣҶ˵ʲôʲôҲ˵
ҲûɵԼϣֻߵǿʵЩ춯ܴԼ뷨ģ˵˼Լͺء
ֻͻȻ𶯣Ҷһ˽š
㣬ûԼط
ҶһӴǣϳԼˣظʣǡڴ죿ȺùƭӰ
ԻùҲЩRǵЩˣǲܳ
RǵΪĶˣǳרҵ˲޸һЩ豸Ҳھ
DEI֪Ǹ㣡
˽ŷҶҲûĻظ֪֪㻹զأ
ҼиҼͷҾͲ¶ҵĵַ͵űΧɡũ壬ֵˣٸЩϵԲԣ
Ҷһʱһղûע⿴ΪǵùĻظһ˵ģϴŵǸIDǧǿļһ
Ҽڻ£˴󶹸ɣҶֻظĵﻹеڴǧǿԼ˵ʵʮּߣϰĻ˲֣Ҳ֣͵Ҫе㻵ֲʮ֡
˽ţҶһˡ
޸ظʱ޸ԼĪķ̡˶˵ȱʲôֲϣʱΪȻԼֺʣȻҵŮѣڡֱǶķ̡
Ҷֲ֧ص㱻ٸаˣ
˼ȥԼĹҶʱٸץ˵ʱ˵䣬ǻи֣ǱܿٸID׷٣˷ˣҪȻͱٸ˳ҹǺˣ
ǱûظҶԼ¶ˣصȻ㶼аˣʵɻ°ʵڲҪȥٸһˣپһΣһֻ֣Ѿҽû󰭣һΰɣ
޸ڷֱŻظʱҶĻţʱָһͬʱ·ʹ
ԭΪڰҶսʿԸҶȻҪҹٴζ֣
ʱ޸ڵǰ˼ʼ˼ԼйذҶɾĻü
ģڹٸˣǱ߻иҿģʱ϶ҵ㣡Ҷظ
޸еôвأ
Ҷ߻ظûٿֻû¾ȥԺ߷߲ˣаײ˳죬ԼԲ£ԤȥٸǱһЩ
ҼǵõһЩ߰ĶܲϡҶʶԼƺαװһ£ϱ¶Ķ̫ˣһһЩţҪԲ˶ߡ
ǵץʱϰܣһӣǧҶƬֻҪԻˣҶͲẦˣ
ౣͩҲ˵ؽѣҶڽҲһȥ
һҶҳһ޴ĻױƷҲ֪ôҵ⣬ִߵģǱ
ͩһ޴İװˣౣ
Ȼ⣡ҶҪͩͻȥͻȻһ
˵ͩѧϰرǿҪҶô̡ϴȥץˣͩһȺ׳·ûˣȹӣھѧˣӽϳһոµǳϳȹ
мٷˡҶһͨе㻳ɷʱСһ̬ļңȫ˵ǱȽϴŵġ
ЩˣգûõİΪʲôҪЩأ
ЩҶãѽִ̳̣󲿷ֻױƷ覣ԼԼٿȥÿġ
Ҷžӿ˰ΣԼûɶطεġ
ǰӴ⣬Ҷ֪ԭԼüëŮӵıȽ񣬺ͣҲûëֻҪͿں죬ٽëϴ˼ٷˡ
ౣͩԱߣϸĿŰҶڡ
ȹر𳤣ҶݣȥйǸУ¶ǣǰеΡôǸеŮذɡ
Ҷ룬ץͩǰ棬һ߹һߡɣûбķˣԺûôҶҲ׽ֻͩԹԵſ棬͸ȹӵķ϶棡
Ѳ˶װ˳Ҷųš
ܿͩȹյģԴŲأѸܵȹڿûΣգѸ
ȹӺܿɣ紵֮±ͺҡڣϸҲʵͩ
ͩ˵ǲǿȥе̬ⶼʲô⾰ˣҶ޲ôһƤٳţҾȻȹӣ˿һ᲻ΪʲôĿģҶ˵ţҲûָͩش
͵͵ӴҶ˸䣬ǵøֳţӦǴ˲Ҫ˵ģ˵ǻ˼ҵ˶ûˣⶫֲãҲҪ
ô󲿷˶ţһЩ̵ͱգϳһЩϵĳյģżܿߵɥʬ
ɱɥʬԼòʲôûɶҪǮʣҶԸڼȫ
Ҷģô ȷʵ̬ͦˡ
ôһ·칫¥ҶܿСۼĵطɥʬԼҶƬһɥʬдһ·ûˡ
Щڼ˿ˣΪʵ̫죬ȷҶǷܴȫôɺϵûκ˳֡
˶װţֳ滹һŲ͸ĲҲǷؾռģ滹лѪģǳҲһѾ
ô˴ſڣҶֳӭ濴һ׳һصߡ
׳ѸٲˣЦݣ߹ŮʲôҪæ𣿡
칫¥оפ׳ȷʵҪǰҶܴʲôΣգʱ򣬾Ҫˡ
лҪ˵ʱֵһа


19 
΢紵ȹ΢΢ڶƺ޵ŮƮ̲ס
ãͩ˸ãצץסȹڣŷһһģ̧žߵĺӡ
ҽ޸ϰࡣŮôƺ޸̲סǰһ˵ȹӽӴһ¡
Ǹʵɫ-ϲǸŮЩ˺ϻϸ飬ûҵŮѣǲòΪΪ֡
ʱ޸Ȼаˣëûиģǰˣʼ
Ҷ˵±¶Լỹòغá
Ȼͩȹһһģ͸ǧƵģԽԽ󣬼Ҫ޸
ӹһ磬ͩ˳ŷƣȹӷɹȥ޸Ļŭţ̧ţ׼ûһȹڣŮˣлĽӴˣ
ȹڡĲȵˣ
һҶȴ̧ţݺݵ޸һ£ץֳϵţһ칫¥ߡ
޸ҽУԭŮӦڳܷΧڣŮͻȻֱҪ
žʹ޸ĸ
ٸİ칫¥ͻˣټ֣־С򿴿ٸڲ綼ʲôû˵ôŮôóûڳٸԱļƣͷ
ͩԼʲôæ˳ȹܵǰſǰĵط͸϶档
ҶѲ͹ȥóֵֻǰҶ͹ģ鷳ǰæһУǸ޸ʲôˣôܹ컯֮µģٸĴſɧˣѵǹٸô˵ģ
ʵе顣
úÿ˿̬˲ǫѷֻϵϢæ޸ǱԱнģڱȽȱˣͷǸ˵˵
ʵٸҲ˱ɥʬԶûˣֻǺֲܿ˶ѡ
´ҿҲҶžžž֣˿תߡ
·һ칫ſڣҶɿ޸¶ڣеĻˡǰϴѧʱ򣬾һЩоԼŮװ˳ܣȦ˺񶼲ϲڣڰҶôꡣ
ԼҪǼԼûκηӦ׳˵ҶеȤ
ͩȻһӹȥһҪ֪𣿡Ҷ
ſȹ棬ͩԾӵվͬѹౣ
ãҶˡ
ͩǴӼᱳʫڵĻˮƽѾﵽСѧ꼶꼶ˣʹô򵥣
ͩϹһɴͷ嶼棬ǿģ
ӵ칫֮ͩϣٲ̧̧צӾһһơ
죬͸ƯƵġ
޸ոո±ԹԼ뷨ӿǸŮأʹܽһһ¡꣬ǸƯֱһһšˡ
̫죬˷ӦʱѾ˲֮ܳʹ
Ҷͩߡ
Ű칫ﴫĴ̶޸еңȻҲŭҶ̲סʣͩôǽеôңùһֱôǲ˰
ౣͩͷ
ȷʵǻŸҶѧɡ
Ҫļһһˣ°칫¥ļ칫ұҵġ
Ǳ춯϶Ǳ춯޸ֵһҪҵԺ󻹲֪˭УȾмأΪʲô˰ҪȻڿ϶ҵ
Ǹ֣Ҳ򣬵Լȷʵս
˶Σգ칫¥һ飬ҲûŹȻʲôֶûС
أеļض򿪣ҾͲҲ޸ֻҪ򿪼أǶòģ
ԼҪӾˣҽҽίĽ󶼲ҪӴκŮԶָˣ
ǲأԴ㣬·ϵļҲȫˣڻܱ糩ͨͲˣԽԽңñ
¥ʲôֶûУȻ޸Ѫӡӣκ˶ûܵҲͰ·ˡ
ֻ޸ģ·߷ߵôΣգҶ𣿡
ȴ˼ҶиܴĳĻ
ǰɡͷŹֵļкܴġ޸һ˲ŮģЩ㱣ģҶе
𵱳ҶǹƥĴ˵ŴҾһ˺еʣҪ޸ڿ϶ֵңڴʱòϰֵ࣬Ƕ
Ǹ˿϶Ůûϵ
޸ǸԼ
͵͵صУ·ϴҶͩȥҺ
˻ŶûлӦҶʹԼֹһRǵ£ʱȰòҪȥҰҶơ
ûˣȥҰҶˡ
̾˿תȥΧơ
ɥʬɱģһطɥʬʱɱ⣬ĵطɥʬᡭ˱ɥʬ
̲ر죬ұȽ͸һЩʱ䡣
ҶƬҶſҶƬɥʬۿԣҶƬɳȥǲܿƣǷɵɥʬϣɥʬҶĴڣֱ·
û취ҶֱֻӶ֣͸ɥʬۿƻԿǡ
ౣͩǳڵȥһ߽żðı򾣬һ߰Ҷɥʬ̫ͩͻɥʬ
ɥʬҶü
ոɱɥʬһӦɥʬģʬãɢܵĶɥʬʱӦúܾãǸó̶ȴһɥʬ
ɥʬȻãֻʣ¹ǼܣȻʧ
ֶڻ˵̫ãɥʬǿʱȴûϧѵñȽƽĹʱ⡣
ҶΣգҳţиϳŵʿȥɱɥʬ
˲òȥֱɥʬĶֲڰȫطǣ᲻Ϊ̫һͿأ
ܱҶԼƺˣԸ˺ܸȤɥʬʵЩûʲôҲڼװɥʬڣɺƽ
ǲ棬ܻһͼưҶ˼롣
ɫܲÿߣҶԼӦøʲôұȽ϶ŶԶĵطǴѾ磬ƣʱ
Ȼһ˼ҴһĴҶʶ뵽Լֻ󹫼
Ȼ󡭡Լصķɳһֻ󹫼Ƶķɵǻ˼ҵǽͷϵ໽С
ҹԼҹܴļˡ
лҪ˵޸ŮϹֻŮĶˡ
ܣΪиоܵ衣
ౡֲ޸Ưϱ͡Ӱצ


20 
˼ԺĴ󹫼ԭû¾ʹһ´ڸУܱʱͻȻиǿĹǴ
Ҳ˼ûĴ󹫼£ŭԣܻ᲻˰ɣҪǻ˰Ҷˣ϶Ҫȥ۵ģ˵͵͵µĴ󹫼ץԶټ˵
׷ԲҶͺ𣬡ܴ𣿿̫ˣȥϴɾצ׼ѧϰɣ
ౣͩĹڰҶϵСౣ
󹫼Լа׷Բȷĸо˰Ҷŭæųһ·ؼˡ
Ҷεҡҡͷǰš
ǵ⻧˼ϣһһŮϴѧˣҶһѧţLǣŮСѧûҵѧˣ˻飬ںӶˣֻŮȽһѾ֮ǰֹһ
Ҽбľϼ֣ŮģСĸ׼ѼĲƲȫŮֻŮĺףԴĶӸƵģЩһѾˡ
ǣСſһ죬ֻаҶһˣȻо裬Ѿɺܶࡣ
أҶɻ󣬡Ǵ̵ӣסʵǲ˼Ǹ󹫼ҼҵģȽϲ̣ܽûҰɣģһȥͽѵѵˡ
˵С˲ɣðҶ
լӱȰҶúܶ࣬ԺһС黨̳ˮ̵ģмɢĹĸʰĺܸɾֻǺֻСһ
⼸ǸǽͷţҼҵļŵ䣬ûúóʳˡСЦЦҪҶ׼ץˣҰʵ˭ҵļ
ҽˡҶԺվһС˵˻ߡ
СԼ̫Ծᵽͬζ񣬰ҶãԼʱٳһĻ֪ࡣ
ˡ
ͩ˲ҵĲ˰õǺÿ̫ˣͷȹӸŮûϲĻȥϲŮءҪţƵ˾ͺˣҿ϶ȥҶͩ˫ţһ߸ĺڶ۶һ
ͩţеı춯ﶼǶ֣رʦͨѧˣ
ţĳҶԼһһҲҪţ棡
ౣͩСظ
ҶͩӵϣԼߣ̾ߣȥ׷Բ
ౣͩǰűģһ࣬ҶеǱΣաһ˵κ˸Ҷİȫжͩ
֪Լ˴󹫼ϷȥץżɹĳӣҶڿԥһ£ǹԹԷɻԼС
ﻹи֪УһЩʳ
Ҷ
ౣͩǰǳŴ󹫼һ󣬽ŰݸֽǦͷддԱһǣյһøոðͷӲݡ
󹫼Ųݸֽһͷ
Ҷ棬չȥ۲ݸֽ
ЩȫͩһŻðҶܾ档һֻΪ򵥣صȴץر׼һ۾ܿǰ׷ԲһŵļͷһߣȻͷ˾ʹˡ
ȻвˣرЧ
ౣ̧ͩͦͷվڰҶǰ档
ɵƯҶԿ佱
õĽһٷȽϾ£ҶԷĿյֻ޸ԼȻһȺһԼ
ǰҾˣҲ⣬Ͼ浽ΣգҪǳ磬ȫʵǿɾͱĩˡҶ˫ִ֣ٶ죬Lǹٸ칫¥ǣֵľÿֵԺԶҪϱQܻ鵽ID˳ŵַҹȥ˵ɥʬҳţǸҵģ
Ȼ޸ûԼʵҶҲˣܸɴľ㡣
պܲòˣٰε˺;²ˣҶŪһЩƻ裬׼ѲŲ۵ȻҪһЩ
ûαװֱʰ˳š
ౣͩվڰҶϣë紵ȥرݡ
ȥҵ㲹ƷҶǼҸļжʼëˣֻûУȻͷһ㣬ȥǰ취ҪӪɶģ⻹˵±ġ
ౣͩͷ
ʵ·ļУԭļжɰˣ𳤵ÿëˣͩôϣо΢硣
˰칫¥棬ҶƬϣ˳ԼȺӵļҲƬ켦кû켦жУǮһȵȵãڿԤ
ּ˱ȽϺãҾûʳιԼҳԵģҪܹɱ򾣬ȫ
·취ȥũ򻻣ũҲһҼһũŶˣжˣһвٴ˲ģҲеľ۲۲죬ָǮأũĲȱʳȳ˸ܰ
ԻҶǰƱ˿ЦսڹٸſڵģⲻͲһˡ
޸ðҶɵһƵЩ˶Ըʡ˷ѿ࣬Ϊϵ˸ǰ
ȥԼĿⷿѡһЩƷʲô󷢵߰ĲƷҶ˺ܶ࣬ڸ𿴹ܿⷿС翴еŹ֡
ڷְҶʳӶֻ˲Ʒ֮С̲סʣѵ˼ٷѾͺˣ
УͷҶץ˰ԼͷС翴ץһͷ
Сһ㲻Ҫ⣬ԼҶҶı顣
ҶΣ֮ǰ˼ٷ棬˭֪ٷôȻ
ȰҶţСŤͷ͸ͬ˵ˣȫû뵽Ҷᣬͷ⣬һֵصĺ֣ͷǲԴĴϧѷ
һʱܶͷͬҶֻ˵Īеֵֹģ˵֡
Ӱ칫¥Ҷп˵ĵطԶӡ
ԭٸԼ̫͵ӿǴɶģԼõĶˣĶԽԽ࣬ССķ˲ٶ
һɣһɿһǵȵȣһҲ
飬վᱻֵġ
ˣûмأû˿ܵĹߵҰҶһ쵼ſ̯ӣ˾ʣҶֻҪһ¸ˡ
Լ˵ȷʵ㣬Ҷ͵ͷӦˣ˲ˣЩʳ
棬޸ӭǣȻǿɱ嶯л
ߣֶεĶ¾ǾԿϵġͷǰǸӦŽǣ˾͵޳
лҪ˵иŶ(?--`)


21 
ͩȥҶԼǩ
ౣͩץűӺǦͷͳȥˡ
ҶڸָԼ׼ȰҶˣһҲУȻٳûǩƽԼǰѰҶͷļȫŪźء
ôСǲǵǶɵģһֻžܲŲţи׳һмСҸóԵģ
ͩͷ׳Ȼһܹȥˡ
˸أζ̫ţӦǹˣͩе
ˣԺҰɣ֤ĺģ˾ͩģ˻ʱֱץ߾ˣǳûôġ
ҶվڲԶƽͩ׼
ౣͩ±ӺǦͷһڻǣűצӴȼյ·;˽·ȵڵϡ
ˡ໡һɤڵϷΪԼҪˣ·ȻŻȴûӰ졣Ȼһ֮ͥģʱȫޡ
˶һ䣬鱾һͩ񶼱ˣٿҶʱħһơ
ǩɡҶ
޸ȺУһЩͬӹȥôڸһص㲿λ
Щ˻㱼䷴Ӧ޸ͱô۸˵ģֻһֱɿңһ㣬ڴҿҶûǰһͷŹֵļеʱ򣬾û˾ġ
ʵ֤ʲô˾ʲôĳ
ʣµٿͩһ뷨ûˣԹдԼ֡
иˣ˸ۣԼǩĵطֵķǦͷװԼǩˡ
ͩͷ֣Դǰˣౣ
ץǦͷڷϻġ桯
ǲʶ֣Ǹһ̫԰ôԼķûԼǩʶֲʶ֣
˲಻٣ͳʮ֡
ౣͩҶ֮ǰָָб˲֡
Ҷ̧ͷ߹ȥʣǲΪҼͩܺƭʶֵģСѧĻˮƽ
Ǹһ㶣е㲻š
վԱߵĸСģҸոϿƵ˼Ҳд֣ᱳʫƭġ
զ˵Ǹˡ
ͬƣȲ֪ûղôײУô٣
˭֪ʶְ
Ҷ˵꣬ݹȥдԼСЩˣѾǹٸ칫¥ӣҼҵļУһֻǣ
˶ʱһ㶣󿴿ͩٿҶȻִҸոʲôģ񷴹˰ˡ
ȻҲǸҵӮһԴӺġҶɿȼ޳ָչָһööҶƬʱ˦ȥ
ҶáһоҪսôɵˣ׵ϵȹС
û𣿡Ҷû˶еźء
ֵһֹȻûվһȺˣ֮ǰ޸ʱ˰ҶƵģհеΡ
ɣҪսĻȥӵС˵һͷ֪ٸԼʱ䣬ҼͰҶеû˼ȥˡ
޸ģŰҶҪߣȺ溰ֲҪôɵֶΣĻǶҪս㣡
Ҷɻ󣬡ΪʲôãҶƬ˦ȥҿƣҶƬҪǸطҲû취ǲҪѵǹֶˣ޸£Ǵ֪֮Ϊٸа˾ΪΪˣǲ⣡
㣡޸иܡ
ɰҶ˵ĶʵðҶñɵֶҲǼ˭֪Ҷ˵ôֱףһζûеġ
ȺûкۣˣֶҲͰˣҶôҲֱӲҪˣʲô˵ʲô
ʵǰҶرӣҲرûϺ˵ĳ̶ȰɣҲܶ಻رĺ£ȻԴӾһ˵Ļеˡ
û취ܾˣǱַҶԼܻܲһİɣ
԰ҶЩԼȻвһƨˡ
ʣµ˶ŭԣ޸Ϳˣû¶档
ҶؼϢ죬ٸǱߴ绰ʲôʱٰȥRǡ
Χɥʬöһ㣬һЩʼɥʬģѾܿԵı仯ó̶ȱˣɱıԽԽס
ҶܴΣУԼԶڼжУ
ҲһЩйRǵϢһЩʿ˽ȥϢĻģе˸ɴ˹ԡ
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СûǱȥˣҰߵʱܴߵĶˡRǻл˵ĵطȥǶ׼ľۼѣȥ˱׼ûҪ˵һЩеСƫƧĵط˵ı̨꣬Ͽܶûˣһ궼Сֿ⣬Ҳ滹вٴֻҪһͷˡ
پǳָطĲȵطϵĶûˣҲִܷġЩһЩ칫ңŮӱȽ϶ģҲܷʳʳǺö˵ʲôʱܾ
Ҷ˺ܶ๥ԣҲֵĵطдĶR棬ûиũйصĹԡ
ũ峷ıȽϴݣܴߵĶˣһЩѼȵɢͨ˵ܻΣգԻûȥ
ٸǱԼʱ䣬Ҷ׼ˣ˵һЩϣֻģųȥ
ںصĴ󹫼Ҷеԥɣʣµļսߣֻ쵹սԣ²űأ󹫡ֵԼڼҳȥĹ
հҶء
һ֮ǰðĸѧᣬҪˣҶǰв
ౣͩҲǰһ
󹫼ͷɥģŰҶͩ뿪֮󣬾ӵķǰԺԺ˸飬ȥһ£رŻǻԼļɺͿ֡
LǳĶϴβ࣬º޸Ҳˣһ֪ũֵĺӣŰ磬첲ϻžͲǡ
Ҷǲ£زְԱսʿǱһС೤ǡͬ˰Ҷķ¼ֺ顣


22 
ЩҳǱǿˡСӳȤĿſļǣֿͩ
ǵı仯ЩˣеԿͨвһһ֪Ǳġ
ЩȽͨҶڵǣʡڼʲô
ͩû˵ͻȻҶϣԼСóǦͷҵصǰ棬ౣ
ļǶʱ˷Ӧһĳг˵Ŷӡ
ౣͩʼˣһͷииӦʮӴ
Сӳ۷Ź⣬ĿҶ˵Щжͨأڶϵˣ⻹ͨ
ĿǰҲзǳı춯ѾʼѵˣԭرҲѧرõľȮǣֻҪȷ죬¹ûоܣܵصԴ
ͩҲͻҶЦԼͩ׾
·ЪϢʱ򣬰Ҷ·İѼȥŴֵܳıȵģսʿǶúܰȫ
Ҷע⵽Ǳߵ׳ũҲԼҼƺܣΪȥܲǣҶûҿ
ÿؽӡӣͩ
սʿǱ¹ܿٴζرζе̲סͩøǣǵְĻõôҾƽʱûʲô£Ҳðռ
˵һѣͩһʼú棬ܿܵҶ߿Ĵȣʼ˯
սʿҲûָͩ٣ǾǾÿҪӽRˣܵҵӲУҪһȥô֮ǰֺǹġ
RǣСӳټһһ𿪻ᣬRΧһЩѰĵطǶм¼RҲѰʣǲ֪ʲôطڴһӦȥʲôط
Ȱ֪ĵͼųһЩطѡɡҶ
ʵøûҪһRʲôطκ˶֪һҲֻԼùڱģҲû취Ԥ
ز£һаҶڣº޸ʵĸƵģûз
Сӳѡһ̫Σյĵطұʰʰȥˡ
Ǹ¿סլСû뻧ʲٷ֮ʮ١ɥʬ϶Ҳ٣һܱ֤ȫʶ٣Ҫôȥˡ
ҶѼȥԼͩҲȥ
º޸ں棬ȷûɥʬ˳¥ѶҶԭҲĻɱɥʬ
ౣͩȥһǡ
ɥʬͣƬ̣Ҷȥɱ
ʱɥʬ׼Ļ˵һһܼ򵥣һԶҲɽҶرڣɥʬӦԼһӶԸ
ԶսʿһҲɣǲûиΪսǷֹ˵սԶԶܺ͡
ǰĶ̫ԾҶȻü
ԼһöҶƬͩƹɥʬǰٴһխӣǰȻʣҲʱͷƤһը
طǸԺӣȫɥʬŹԼȥҡҡ׹ġ
ɥʬһҲǸӦҶʱ϶˲ųʱرҲѲˡ
󱳳һ亹Ҷתܣҿ뿪ǰкܶܶɥʬ
ǷһСֿ⣬кܶʳǱںܳģº޸ܳ˷ܵһȥᣬԲˣ
ⶼʲôʱǻŰᶫҪˣҶеżɥʬ֮٣ΪеɥʬһԺҴһ٣
L֯˲ְ࣬ԱһɥʬǺ˵ˡ
ֻȴ϶Ҷģɥʬ㲻˵ԺСֿⶫ࣬ǰ˱ʲôǿѵҪRǵˣ
Ҷ£ŤͷȥСӳ˵㣬
ʰ׼ˣСӳƬ̵ҸҶȥǱߵɥʬ
ñ˵ͩܵԱߣౡ
ɢļǶʱܻһĹԹͩӣܵһսʿǰ棬צڹ⻬ˮд˸ƴ
սʿͷһеŤŤġŤͷһҶҪӼȷʵҪ
ʱ׹߹ȥӣ֣صģһСܣ
ౣͩ˲սʿĿӣתˡ
ҶСӳϣֱóöҶƬ˵죬Сӳĺͬǰǰ߾ǸͷƤԺӡ
ֱȻʾСӳ
ʵϲñȻҲ˲俴ԺӲȴɥʬʱһƬܼ־֢˿˴˲͵ˡ
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ѸܣȴԭӦ뿪սʿû뿪ڰᶫ
ӳº޸⼸һȥ˲ֿ⣬ǲܶǲܣиսʿڸô죿
Ҷ֪º޸ô˵ô˰ģЩ䣬ԼĻȫԼȥȷһ£ûбҪôˡ
뿪ȥ취ҶϵҵĶ
㣡СӳҪܾͻȻɫһ䡣
ҡҡ׹ڵˤϷ죬СӳޱȾ
֪Ҷܣؿһۣתеʣˣ˭ˣûҵţ
ˤҶˣԼԼɥʬ˻º޸ʱһеĶӵϣȾܡ
ҲرΪʲôҪᶫȫˡ
Ҷȴͩҳ˵ķȫ෴ķȥӰô׳ǸĴӢһ
ȻС֮󣬰ҶԼ˶۾˻ĿԼһöҶƬɥʬͷֲԼˣɥʬлε
ͩ굽Ҷ·צקĿӣעŽűߡ
ɥʬʶĴӴųȥʶεɢٶȴܿ죬Ϊɥʬʵ̫̫ˣڰҶɥʬײ˺ü¡
ɥʬӦöǺǰģʱѪĸѾֹͣŶ·ʲôֹЩɥʬȥ
ͩ˵ҪҪȥԺ￴ҶȻ
ɥʬ࣬󲿷ɥʬԺҶֺĸоЩɥʬǱ˹ԺģǹȥôãЩɥʬΪʲôأ
ֻΪ˵Ĵ
ҶӦòǣԼΪߵĹŹֱڤڤиоȥǸԺӡȥǸԺӡ


23 
ͩǲȭͲȥȭͷͽȥզҶѹ
ɥʬװװȥҪװԼҲɥʬԭϸɾ·Ѿմգζɥʬ࣬൱š
ౣͩ˳ŰҶĿһǰ·϶濴պܿҶ°͡
ǺãһҶ˵꣬ͷ·졣
ͩһƣͨ·϶ƣ߬ŵġ
ǽȥɡҶ˿ʵҲȥģȻΣգѾˣֻҪܲ͸֧ҶƬɥʬͲܷԼ
˾ҶԺεȥ
ӭιһɥʬӹĹĵĸ̥ʮƵģ·ˣ¶ɫԲĹĵĶƤʱƿ
ǧҪưҶ
Աиɥʬιݵĸ첲˴ɥʬһ£ԭҡҡ׹ĶˣĶİ׵ĺڵĶУζͻ༫ޡ
Ҷ˲װɥʬ ݵض㵽һߡ
ΪԼܹܺãڿЩණƺҲҪҶҿ˿һЩɥʬ֪ûвʲôԼ߿£
ౣͩҲˡ
צӰҶ·СԴȥŴսɥʬ˸ǣɥʬ
ͩæǽԺӡɥʬ࣬ҶԼĽҪκˣоˣҪײ㲻ɥʬҶɴ಻ȥ㣬ͩǡ
Щɥʬ»𣬸оӦһֱܷӦǻûǻȥѰԭðҶ굽˿ӣɴֱײǰߣɥʬᱻˡ
ԺӶһȦҶȻһֵĵط
иȽϿĵĵطΧûڵɥʬȴûκһġҶԺתһȦȷˡ
طΰҶźۼĶԱ߿ͩҲ̽Դźڶۿ
СеԺӣǹϵʲôģ˽˵ģҶȷӦװ޵˽ԺӣܿԡˮصȺۼϧǻûͷˡ
ǰһСأûڸǣҶſ˻ڷ֣иƵĲ۵С硣
⻹ʼֵغģҪǻǰ۾Ϲ˶һܿ
ȻСɥʬҶȻҲóȻּʯͷ֦Ȱʯͷӹȥұ磬֦
ౣͩ̽ͷ׼ʱ
ұָܿƬƵҶƬ˶֦ʱֺݺݵش˻ȥ
٣ҶȤ
ֵıֲﲻһЩֲճʱǺɫģŵĳζԼǿʲôöǰ̫һȻ֪
ҴҴҴҶľ
СһʼŭķһûƢˣֱӱģƵġҶ ͩͳǰ棬ǻûأ־ˡ
ȷСܹŹ֣Ҷȥ
˸Ȫˮƿӣ˵֦ȥ
Ҹ˵ҵֲܺʩչԼ¡ͩʵʵģͩһ̵㣬Ҳܰгʮ˶֪𣿡ȷ綮Ҷ̬Ȱ˳ӳöҶƬɵһ֦ɺüΡ
ģҶ˳ڳ֦Ȫˮƿšƿǣ˩ţԼӣʱȷȫ
ౣͩ굽Ҷ·棬·Ȫˮƿӡ
һ㣬ҶοͩǶ°һЯ굽·ͼˡ
֪ǲǰҶĴڳɥʬɢٶȱˡԺʱ˵˵̲̣ɾȻһɥʬԺӣڳɢС
ᣬ֪뿪ȥоо硣
ౣͩͻȻצӣָָǰ
ҶеıҲأΪﾹȻɱɥʬӦòսʿǻŶԣǾֻֿܣҪôͬRǵˣҪôRǵˡ
ǺߣҶΣˣϴѾRǵ˽š
磬ɥʬԺˣ᲻ˣ
طɥʬô࣬ôˣˣҲôɱôɥʬٷϻץʱ
Ǵܸܲ˵˵ǵطʲô
ߣ˵Ҳֲ֪ƽʱıֲﶼǶԵģǸԵģҪܳΪǵϴοʱ򣬲ŸոշѿӦóˣ
˵ϴԵãзһ㣬Ū˺ܶɥʬȥɥʬȥǸѿ֮󣬱㳹׷ˡ
ش˲£ϴ׼ȡȥ
磬զֵİ
ôĲҪдͻȻΪõ㶫ôֵܣǸ˼ľͱˣö˶ҪҲ˶ܵõģϣף
ɵȷʵ˭ܷöأ
װɥʬԶεţЩ˵ĶԻҶЩȣû뵽Щ˵ķ־Ȼô࣬ĿԼС
æѿȪˮƿӲһ߰й۲ΧĻһĥѸ뿪·ߡ
ɥʬм䣬ᱻɥʬ֣ڰҶ˵ȽϰȫҪǱЩ˷֣¾Σˡ
ǸдģһǹеšȵȣȻΪ˶ԸɥʬҪԸˡ
ЩRǾۼѾرצˣҶԼֵĻкùӿС
ٶ̫ˣɥʬ̫࣬ϳֱӳԺȥ
ãСܺȻӦ
ҶиżΪԼܳûŲԵأЩֱӿײˡնյĶ㵽Աߣųˣֱӳ嵽ԺС
ΪɥʬɢٶȱˣԺɥʬ٣Щ˳ĳȥ
磬ǵطиӣиСͻȻ
˽غˣžƿģɥʬɢĲ̫˵˻û߶ԶǷɢ׷
żֵǴֲҪԣû˵֪ģֲԵģֵ²
ǵעԺתƵΧ׾ͿϱȽϸɾͷһ㶼İҶȻֻҶı棬㹻ǵĺ档
һ̽ԵġҶԼҲܼװˣԴûôӲ
мֱҪҲ̫ùˣҶȴûлͷйǰȾܡײɥʬǰһ·񱼡
Ƿĸһ£Ŵ󺰣磬Ǳиˣ
׷統ϡ
ɥʬ赲վܲģοҶܵҲֱߣɥʬҲ赲ġ
ԽԽҶܵǽͣ£ͷ󺰵Ǹͣ£ҪˣҶǻẦµģ
ݣǸƵĶƣҳ壡ԼˣˣʱŭյĴ󺰣
лҪ˵֪ˡ


24 
ǸܵˣǿĻϵܣĿǰѾչܹ켦ƽʱҲܰŶ˵ˣľˮٶȡߵֲϵԼŹֵȵĿǰûɶá
Ƿϵܣ΢ĻԸأԵã϶Ҷơ
СǿҶ¶ŮÿһǸСҪȻôɱɥʬʱһµɥʬû
ǱҵģҶ󺰣ԵĻұͻ
ͷ˻֪ҾϣһУŭˣΪҶԼϡ
ٺ٣磬Сӳÿͷֵ¡
˵RûŮˣСҪȥԿǰ
磬ֵǵզ
զզҶ֣з緶ûҶСǾԿϵģ
Щ޼ɵĶԻҶŭˣͬʱлеСϲϾһܾ͹ˡ
ҶƬɵÿ춼ϰһʼֻ˦һööٵʮöҶԼ͸֧ܵĻʮöӦⲻ󣬲Ϊ˱ǰ˹߸һԽ˰ɡ
ǿɲܺڣҶʮίĴһ˦ȥöҶƬ
ౣͩ·ǡ
֮ԭմϻǾ͵ա
ͩССĻǣչˡСǵ·ҶƬŹֵķɹȥݺݵĳ˵Ĳλ
ӶĲҽСǶǱĵڵϣɥʬ
һʱͷƤһ飬֪òóǰ
ϴˣǸɲҪģ
Ȼ֪ҶģϾRǵĴ֮һҲлͨǰиС﷭ºüСܶͬһλ
ҪRҲһЩС°뱲ӶҪˣһĶˣÿ칭űϺƵģʮֿ
ʱ֪ô˵Ĵ֮󣬶´һҪСǱ𣬻úݺݺݺݵĥһ֪R˼
ȻʱԼˣ˻меһСܸ翴ۡСƽʱϲԼܴ󣬵ʵСʹӣеҡ
ңҲңڲڣҶûٶǰ
ɥʬӶǰˣŭ־֣ԼҲССХҶһ䣬һöҶƬɹȥ
Ҫͼңδʧܹ볢𣿡Ҷ˭ǰģԣҵķɵ׻᲻ʧܣ
šĸǡʹ൹أȥˡ
ԼôˣȻϻȲϰҶһСܵȥԺĶǲˣ
Сһ㶣ϴ񣬶˶ΡΡǰ
ȪˮƿӾͲ·ҶϣһȦ˵ڰóһһȫŲţ
ɥʬϲ˵ѪζֻҪһѪͻᷢ
Щ˵ȫ˵ĲλҪϴܷ⣬ȻЧɥʬۼ˵ǱǻˣɥʬĴڡ
ۿȥɥʬγɰΧȦˣһᣬϳߣ
Ʊǿôܰװ統׼ˣȻҲû׼Ҷ
ЩѸˣҶ֪ԼǿиȥܻᱻˣǸǹĴûԼ֣ǲȷûбԼõҲȷԼܹΧѡ
𿴰Ҷǿƣʵͨ͸Ľòܲġ
ƾʲôЩ۸ԼԼ߾ߡ
ͩҰӳȥȥԷǸ磬һֻһ¹ܳɲɶҪ֪˽һҶͷٵ
ౣͩɤӣౣ
ǺãȥɣҶץͩԼԭת˸Ȧһ˳ȥ
ͩڿлһۻƵߣССĳǰȥ㣬ۻһ죬ͷһĴë綶
ų˵ֻעŰҶûע⵽ͩ˹
ȥú˾ԲRǣֱǶһĴڡݵ˵ţתʹߴ˿㿪Ҫɥʬ׷
Ҳ緢ĳ˲սʤֻܻĻȥ
ౣͩһСܵԴͷϣ˿ڻǣһǳɣ˺´ϵĻӵʱͩѾҶǱ߿ˡ
ҶҲ˹˦һöҶƬɱ򾣬һͩܣһ
˶ܣô겻ɢأҲ̫ˡ
һ֮󣬰Ҷڵõһųˡ
ʣµĳʹɼɲܼ£ƵôǸ˺ְǸŹ֡
Ƕ֪ˣĩǰͲͨˡ紩Сܹ׵·ܲͷҲûˣʱȥƺûƣΪ˴ӣӲţʱǽһЩСǲ֪ʷ
ЩˣĩѵΪЩС˵ֻǿѨ𣿡侲ȴޱȻȣǾֻܵСƣܷصֻûѡǴңҲԶԶؼһۣ
˶ûȣԭججľۼRǣΪΪΪ֪˸ģСǶ˱뷨
ؼǣȻиģô´ζǸҪģ϶ʰ˰ɣ
ײǰɥʬҶе꣬ԼƤԽԽˣҪǻǰΪGAYô˹Ǻܲڵġ
ڿǣҶɶоûУеЦ
ͩӿ࣬ҲֻܿˣᱻġҶп
ౣͩǰ棬ʮĵͷ
Ҷ̾˿·߻û·ƿ˿һֱǰͲ࣬ȿûˣҶҲûȥĵطͣг񱼡
ʱֿʱСӳ˵˳˵ķûµĻǾ뿪Ҳ¼Ǻš
Сӳǲû뿪ѡԭϢҲʵΪŪ£ܶ˶ˡ
ֻµĶԴжֻҪRǣΣվʹڣҶΪԼܴ뿪RǵˣҪǻˣ¾Ҫˡ
պܲãҶԶԶĿǾͲˡ
гӵ·ߣҶ˿ǿԼˡ
ȵȣô£Ҫһû˲ܿǣ۳ŰҶҪߵſü
˿Ҷû˵
ʵļܿһЩѪ⣬ãֽŶĿԭĲˡ
Ҷü˵û˵ģô͸оζ̫һأ
лҪ˵v߻21ղأܰһ㣬ֻˣϣܵ500ղء


25 
СӳҪһˮһСƿϴˮҶҲûţʼһһ·
ʱɥʬȺеʱ򣬰ҶصشϺܶܶ·ԸСĸĥƤɶģǵʱ޶ûطޣ˺ܶ·
ౣͩڵ϶˶壬һԾˮС
ˮ˸ϵëëŪʪͩܵˮԱ߰ϴˮĿأϴˮϣС䣬ĭ֮ˮ˸СӳС
ҪˮСӳվԱߣͩȻԼϴ裬ʮ־ȡ
Ҷһһ·˿ˮ鷳ŪһͩҪϴһС
ŶСӳͷ˿ͩɲǹԹվˮԱûû˦ϵë
ˮͩȻȥϴɾһ𶶶˦ϵˮ
Сӳùһëͩǰϵˮֲ
Ǳ߰Ҷڰ·ѵĲ࣬Цͩʵְϴ軹ԲġСӳ㿴Ͽĵط
ǲ·ʮָɾ࣬һ˿ҳûУӴһϵʱʹ·ͬĻƭҡ
û£ȥɡСӳͷ
ⶫڲûܷ֣õҪǻûھ͵øϽԣҪȻ˷ˣ̧ͷҶЩڡ
뵽ԼҪ󲢲֣Ҳụ飬Ҫ˵ģ͵õϾûӵ顣
ôţ¾;ֱ׳ˣؿŰҶ
˸յ£Ҷ˵Ǳɥʬ֮RһЩˣǰɱɥʬȻһһֻܳܽܳ´ٸϣҪˡ
ǸСӳѣдﶼ׼
СӳʱѾ˽Ҷˣǰս˵ҶףܸףRǣõ鱨һʱദСӳðҶȻ˺̫ܶףȴ˳ˣԼˡ
еС覴ãҲֵóΪѵġ
ģλȥҾ͸㱨СӳˬʵһЩ
ȣҲ˼˵Rǵкܶ˶ܹˣлиʲô磬ܲҵģͷ·ûˣ·ץѪҲ֪ܲܺáҶ꣬´ң϶ǲݰ
СӳСӳҲáһʶº޸޸˵Ǵģһ¶Ѫζÿ춼ĳλʵʵȻ϶û˵ﻹǺܰԵġ
RеЩ˵³СӳǻãʣµģСӳҲûɶ˵ģ϶ҶԼ˾ˡ
޸ԱߣúΣŤͷ˿£ܵԼҲѧŵ
ܾܲôȥɣҶͻȻܵ˵ʻȥڽˣ¹ֲܳΣաСӳͱˣǲԹ۵ġ
ɴĵ̬ȣұʾԼӹ̡ܽ
ʵţһЩսʿҲŸ⣬ҪҶЩɥʬҪûЩɥʬɥʬŶټRˣЩŪö
̣ܽ¿ߣȴû˵ʲôʱû˵
мսʿеǵʱֻҪЩʱԴһЩҩƷڳʳȵȣ˵ܾδµĺƣֻǴƴһ£ҲΪԼΪлŵˡ
Сӳ֪µʲôԲһֱûб̬
ʱҶʾСӳкܲζǳ˰Ҷ顣Сӳô򵥣෴ҪƽµˣʱһЩɼ
ͼǸӻǡҵĽȥû̫ΣյĻٻǡҶ˵е㲻˼Խ޴ңʵһЩֻҺҪҰǣǰңզ
ϡս˵ϴδRǸʱֻ࣬СӳһƱȨȫԲҶģѡȥĵط
ȻСӳ룬ͷ
ðҶ˶һֺܸӵʣ˵ǱƦҲǣ˵åҲǣȻܱȽϹŹ֣ƽʱҶദᷢͦ˾ӵģһȥˮҲĿбӣıȽϱȽϴС֡
ΪҶʣСӳѡ˳
Ҵҳ˵㶫ȥ˿ļǣҶĵĵͩվڼǰ棬ų౵ĽС
ΪʱͩûóǶӽһ
˶ȤĿţͩе࣬ԭʮɢֻдʳǳæʱǲŻĳʱȴڼŶӣĿбӵĿͩʱʱߴߴһ
֪ڽʲô𣿡ͩ һֱ𱣻ӣڻŵսʿ̲סʡ
Ҷ˵ǣã
ΪҶܿͻţѾ˵޸պôſ·Ҷô˵ʱӿٶˡ
ͩ꣬ɢ˯˯óԶĳԶҶͩԼ·һ´һһ·гˡ
ҪԼȥһȷʵΪ˰飬һ뿴ûɥʬۼĵط˵ûйŹֵ硣
Rǵϴϣ׼ȫʱȡȻҶôϡеĶӦúܺã뿴ûбģ¹զŪ˵
ӻкܶŵ꣬ߵһֱ²ģûжɥʬҶתһȦûֵĵطг׼ȥ
ౣͩͻȻ·϶ͷҶ˳צָָǰ
Ǳһİ¥һЩɥʬ˻淢Ҷһгһҵ
ո˵˸RǵϿ¾ҪݣοǧϣҶԼȻݶҲһδЧһRǾϲ-˵ı̬ء
˵ĩǰҲܿˣЩ⣬û㹻ĽǮȥıԼ죬ѡԼDIY
ҶҪˣǼֱȻĿǰ
ǰɥʬ٣ҳȥҼҵϢ˵Ŵ󺰣һգۼ嵽ſڣѸˣͳ˽
Щ˴Ҳҵ̿ȥܽʵܴ˰ɣҶ˶㣬Լƺе㵹ù
滹гʻĶʡ
ײˣô죿ͻȻ˵
Ҷ˲䣬ȷĶ϶RǵˣӦǡҶƵĶ顣
˰ҶüRǵ飬ֱӲˣҶͲµӦRǡҪǺĶ飬Ĺϵ񲻿ܲԼ˵
һϢûУӦ֪Ҷ׼ˡ
лҪ˵11ղˡ


26 
ֻҪܹ˵ˣͲܰٷְٱ֤ܲܰȻָ
ڲĩոձӣЩ˽ܲԼļ˱ɥʬ߱ҧˣĻңе˸ˣֱӰѱɥʬļȦͼȴ漣
Ҷ侲亣񻹱Ƚ⡣
Ϣһϣ˵Ҷ
ͷģû˵ôҲûٹܣֻ񵥶һӣʱǹŵģҲļֻҪþͻ̷
ҵ̵ǽǳʵźܸʰʰͨڶϣ˵С㣬ɥʬʮޣҲܳЪϢ
˵RǵҪҵǸʲô޳ܵļһ𣿡
ҿRЩԼҽڰˣʱ˶࣬Ҫͻδǣ룬Rǵ˵ǸʲôֶΣгرǳСۡ˵ƽ޹ʵΪʲôRǣȥԸȺ׼ģ
ҲãˡУ϶ҲС϶R
Ƕ֪޸ֵ÷з£޸˵ıȽϾ壬RǵأڼѾԭ򣬳Ϊ࣬ǺҪӵģ˵ĺݻȽ϶࣬ûоϸ
ܲ˵Ǹɵˣͳ˼ҵ·֣Rǵһ绹˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ǵĻôо̫Ծء
ҲӦòٵģǲ˵ֻҪץˣûһʣİ복RһЩȽϡ٣ڿ¶ռˣԺ󻹵취ǽ档
ȺˣھȻѾ˹ģ˭뵽أ
˵ҲRǵˣȫصģĩձǻ͵͵ۼȥRǣҪΪֻRǵǹٸϷ
˵˺У֪ıȽ϶࣬ǵľҲ̫뵽иǹƥǱء
Ҷ͵˻л̫ϣȴòȷˣǸԼ
û뵽RǵĶô죬ȻѾʼ˽ӴǴԼĴˡֻҶƾRЩ˵Ը񣬰ҶƴŵҪĳͻǵóԿ
ֻԼȻˣҶΣУ룬ȥ˺ķ䡣
ԭӦǸխ䣬ûУ仹ŷùƤ棬ͷû̧ͷ
ô˵ģҶʡ
Ϥ͵̧ͷ֮һ㶣ѹô
ҵ˵˵˵°ɡҶÿ·˿ײ˵˿ڣѾúףƤˣЩѪֻ˵ҩĶûܡ
Ҷ·ڴͳɴﺣϣҽý
ʱ˭˲˭ҲֻܹԼСġ赭д
ͩڰҶ·棬ֵ̧ڰҶϻ˺üȦȦ
˱˿϶ǰҶ֪ͩ˵ѡһ壬ûʲôȻ벻ȥڱô˿ţ˵˾ĸȾˣҲи̵ģͻȻ̱ɥʬȫԴʱŵ㺣ˡ
£˾ЩѰζˣֻ˵ҶҲûʡ
ҶҲΪ˺ҪȥҰҶơ
Ҷ󷽷߳ȥҲûаڵӣֱߵҶǰ档Щ˷ӦҶѾʶ˵ˡ
ҶôҶ˵꣬ҪԼҲԲܴӦܵСӳԵͷԺ󶼹ԹС
ӻȷֵģĶǲҲܶҶɴ
Ҷƻû˵ԿǶЩ̲סˣΧ㷢ôˡ
˼ף˶࣬ҶȴֻһȻӸҶʶȴ˽ҶƣΪʶȥ˼ʲôʲôûҪ
ԭΪܵˡҶȻ
һ㶣û˷ҶЩ߳ŭ͸үү˵ˣ˼˵׼Ҿûˡǰϣߣ´ϣҿɲ㣡
û뵽һ˵˵ˡҶưΨͼԸûšҶģȴȫһĽ㣬½˵Ľǰʮ˵Ľˣ̾˿˶ҲУǡȰ°ɡ
ɶ⣿ûףʶʡ
֪ҶԭҶһˣֻȥϵܲõӡ
Ҷֱŭˣβ㱻ɥʬץҪǺСûˣʱˣҶܳӶĴ̼
Ҷɲ˵ҶƺҰȥ
Ȼ׼û뵽Ҷ˵ôֱס
ǶǳŰ׼ҵļģ֪Ҷǰϵ飬ݺܲһ㣬ҪȻǿɲһʲô¶ûУͻᶯĴС㡣
һ㶷ȽϼңҲ ΪһЩɱ˲Ѫ֣ȴû뵽ҶֱӰɥʬȺϡ
ŰҶϵ·ɸɾģɾñȰҶƻÿһģ˵˺ܾˣҪǰȥǲҪ
룬Ϊǰ;Щ˻Χû׼顣
ֻãαشɱɱءҶεЩ˱ңҪǷˣӦòҰɣ
ָر𪣬һӶûУָһѪɫķۣ˵ʱ촽ӯӯʮƯ
жԲۡһ£Լе㲻ֱˡ
ǷģҡҶ룬ǲģæ䡣
RʩչȺ˼ܣҶƬɵѣû뵽ȻˣҶίˡ
ϻʲôƱ磬ܰҶƵ˭Ƿʣ֣
ģҶ
ӣЩ˾úʲô̫ԣΪ˹ʱö֣иֵ̲סҷˣԲסˣֵܣ
ȻˣͱҲˣҪ޾ͺްҶƣǵģҶһߴ󺰣һ˦ҶƬ
ûͩ·ְҪæͩҶ嵽гܣͷ󺰣ǶˣǵĴһˣ
˶ͬһʱУȫšڵأ¡¡ŰҶ֮ǰľ棬ͰҶƵıȡ
Щ˶ڵϣеڵϴģҶֻҶӳȥʲôʶһûȥȥ׷ѵǾܸģ
˵һʼҶƻðҶڻҵĻδRǣѾ˲پ飬òŰҶˣʲôġ
ǲǹģиʮּѵ̧ͷ϶ĺˮѵʡ
Ҷһ㶣ôˣԭһ·
ǸR͵ˣ϶ǣ˱ˣͻȻ˺
ɺްǾȻðҶƶѡ


27 
ǰô룬׼ƲϵҲãҶҲã߼Ҷƿͷ˵ݻҲãЩ԰׼ҡҶʵûγʵԵ˺
ΰҶ˺ݻжˡ
ѡ˺Ҷơ׼ңѡСӳٸѰʱҶֻг񱼣ﲢûôࡣ
ʱɱ䡣
ĩУκζǳ¹¹ģìҲøӼ񣬰ҶĲѪֻûܹ˵κůѡԼѰůѡ
ٸʱԵرߴϣСӳǰѰҶֵܣԸⱣ
ౣͩгڵ˸˹ȫһһĵĽݡ
ļǶڳʳչǵսʿصظÿȪˮʳ飬滹˰ҶĲµİײҶɫζȫ
ͩĽŲǸæյһߣг˵Ŷӣ
ౣͩʼ
ߴߴ
ϣͩͷ˿ץǦͷһֻк滭˸棬̧ͷУౡౡ
һֻվ
ԱߵսʿĻȻ󣬵ƫƫܸļжϣֱˡ
˼ҵĳԺˣԲϹȱȵ
ӻǱˣҸ̸ˣռһӻǡҶټڳ˶ߡҵǰ˵һ㣬ǱиŮĽаҶƣǰҽ㣬ڸղŪңǲ˵ʲôֱӸɾˣ
ģ֪Сӳͷ
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Ҷ˿ˣϵǰѧħһ˿˿ȫв˿ܵɳȥٶ죬ÿڸԼҶƬɵ
RǵˣҶ͵һЩ¶ҲСӳ˵ˡ
ʱ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ΢
սʿǶܵRǵˣԭƻĶˣ¹Ƕǵˡº޸һۣЩ⡣
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ӻǣҶЩѾʼᶫˣ˵ȡгȥ
Ǿ߰ɣǱߵ·Ϊ߽磬ԽĻҿɾͲˡҶԼе˿ƣٺЦҵ˿ưٲ֮׻ǵĺŲţ
ǰ·Ϊ⣬ֻӻǵ֮һʣµ֮ġǰҶġ
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޹ޣȴұ̬¾ܶ˺
Ҷ˰Եͬ𣿡ҶվҶսʿǡ
ʱ򿪣ȫɢԲĸƵڵϹһͷر󡭡¡¡ġ
ౣͩһɤӣСָָǰ۾ȴսʿǡ
Сӳʱ׹Ц˼ͩסߣҰѸɾע£ɱǵİǡ
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ҶҪΪ𣿡ҶûߵֱͲȫڻˣпɥʬĵطλȥ֮󻹲֪ôҶ˾Ȼֻ
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ҶüҶʱë׵ͩҲᡣ
ϵı飬ҶˣҶƿԼԼ̣취ȥ̡ͩ
ͩ˲һǸûѡ
ȻڰҶҪ˵ʱ̧ͩȣ÷צڵд˸ƴ
Ҷͷһ chouиͷָҶƵġ̲סˣͩǽһ˶Խߣ
ౣͩصҶԱվá
ǡиͩ˲λһצץű򾣬¸ɱˡ
ҶÿҪιȥˣСǰ׼ҵĴС㣬֮Ůĩǰѧϰ㣬󶼲ȻŮӣǺܵðүӵϲĩҲǶں󷽵СԼ֯˶ռʣڼеλС
ڶûĵı춯ҶĳҲᣬʵǡ޲һ°ѰҶӵɥʬС
ȻҲֻѣʱǸɱ񶼴򲻹
ҵţҶúݻ
ѽҵšҶó˿ƣʼϰ
һԶɫӵĿŰҶ
Ӵ뿪ʱֻ֪Ҷֲܣȴû뵽ôϬ˵ˣԲʧֱ֣ŷɥ
Ще˵ΣԿʵǡҲ̶á
Ժ󶼴һ𣬲ǱĶ𣿡ʡ
Ҷϵʱ⣬֪ҵǻ˽˶飬᲻һЩĻں޻Ϊ־壬͵͵׸Rǣ˵ʲôܣǰ˼Ҽҧˣ͵͵ҩأֵƽʱɺˡ
ֻҪǹغ棬ʲôģʥˡ
˵ڰҶƵĶ˽ץҶȥRǣ˵õϡԴʵڲн̸ҲУֻǰҶʱս̫ײУǲҶֶѡ
ϲҶưɣҶȻ˵Ǻܺÿģ󶼲ǰ˼˰ԵرãϲҲ޿ɺǡ
ǸոհҶᶫʱɣӦˣܵһְɡ
ˣ԰ҶƵľȻס
һ죬û˵
ˣ˸ʵʣϴǷʳξܻˣȴʲôʱҪʲôʱáҶڰֵȥɣϣܴһƬء
һȥˣֵܡ
֮ԹǰҶģȰҶȷе˵ǽѵҶһ£ûУԸ⣬Ҳԡ
ȻҶҲ֪ᶼû¡
ҶƵռݵĵط̫٣ֻ֮һұȽƶ񤣬ʮֱĺܿ췭ˣǱߵһһɵᶫű߻Բļбݻ
бðбһߣɱ֮ȥ
ߵ˾͵ԼСģ޲ôӡЬ
Ϊֽߵ·ϣҶѾ˸ɳ棬һƬһ߳һֻ׼еˡ
ǿ÷ŭиǱǲǰԡ
߰ɡ
ôƣǲܸRǵͨͨϢ𣿡˵˿ۺ
ȿ˵ɣڸٸһǱ߸ȵĿɶǹԱǰǾӵˡǵÿЩʲôϵУ򡭡ܵٸ


28 
ӻǴĸֻȵȵͰװˣԭ˿ɲҲϽ˶߶һװˮܡˮãȵȡ
æ꣬ҶֱӰԼҵĲ˵һ룬зŵƻģֱӰװģ͸æսʿǡ
ģȻȥҰ룬ܲضɶġСӳŰҶƽ̲סʣĲǣ
ҶҡͷڹˣϲԼ
ǳɰɣͷϵСӳ˵꣬Űæˡ
;õġ
ԼȻɱǿãɥʬܻȥ鿴ˡһʮ·硣ãЩ˶ɵӣȻ£ԼһȥɱɥʬǾͶ˺ü㱣ϡ
ҶԼ²ôܹصԼԸһҰˡڡ
ֻûйҶֻԼԼԼѡ·ͬ߸˿ֶħʹһƲסԼħӪֻ֤ʹӪѾԸȥˡ
׷ԲϴţҶһ
ŵЩӣׯں߲˶ĺܺãӲһ˿ûУֲҲˣʳԵĻʣһ㣬һз·𶼺
󹫼һֱԹſСӳæʱ򣬴󹫼ûƵģԲ
Ҷս˿棬ָɸɾģһЩͷŵʳûɶرġ
ҵд𣿡Ҷһվֱʡ
ͩצӣڵϻ3+5=
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ƴ𣿡Ҷʹļ׵㲻ҪǼҵѧȰôӣٳԵɡ
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Ҳ㣬ʳǶߣϸûӣķͲˣ㻹
ҵĺӲˣҽףǮҲʹ͵ͶĸСҲﲻæڼɣҺȥǱչ˺ӡ
СվԱߵͷ˵ɼĶȫøĸߣԶվڿǰš
Ϊ˵ֵ򾣬źܺܺ·޻Ĵ޿㣬Ҫ͸ǰҶ¶Žף㴩˸Ьͺˡ
װʳĳСֶգŵʮ꣬Բģһ·ܵԺײСȥżܡ
ļ࣬е㱧ҡҡλεġ
ǰѶߣһ㶼Ҷ߹ȥüײС߲ʡ
ǵģ˵˲㡣СЩɥҰֻ˵󲻹ˡ
ҶüǸѪԵϵˣĸôԼӦҾáٹ°ĸηζڳҲϿġǿģûʲôβõ֣˵أ
㲻ҪҲУôӣɵˡҶ
ȻͩŤͷԺӽ䣬Ȼȥౡ
ֶնյСкܽȥν׶ˣԺӽͩëͷһë۾رԣʱܵСǰȻҪǸ񡣡
ҪСŶҶЦųͩͩСޱһʲôо
Ǳͩ΢ԥһ²ܹ嵽Скǰһ̧צӾ˺һӣװͰ͵˿ڡĭ
ô׵񣬰ѺŻˣŤͷܳȥ
һܺڣøСһ㶼ˣ󻹸СкһĿŰҶȻܻȥ״ʦˡ
ҵļҺҪҪʲôǻ̬رֱ׳
뻻ԣǧʳǧʳҶʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ͩеŵĿŰҶ̧Ŀӣ۰Ͱ͵е
ģҺϲͲŵ㺢𣿡˵ֱ׳ģΪԼĺǺӣԳ˾͵ŵġ
Ҷеÿ춼ܶԼĻᣬסͶ˵㲻˵ˡ
ͩ·ʲô˳ŰҶĿ꣬ܵ棬ˡ
Сͩ۾
Ǻ·𿴳ҶǣקС˼ͿʼֵģûһûڴʱԶһֻ򾡣
ͩӰҶǰץס򾣬˲ɱܻ
С̲סһУǵúӺͺ趼ͷպÿֵͩһĻ˵۾ˣתҪߡ
ȻûɱˣԽжʮ˰ɡҶƽҪԼ Ҫ
ַУ򵥵صӲڷǳϸĵȼƶȡЩũ壬жĿȨʵжľͿУжûеģ۸Ķ
ҶԸжĹԸһ˳ֽ
Ƭ̣ŻĺֵˣߵĽŲܿ죬һ泵ӷһ̴С·壬Զˡ
ǸСȻ
ҵǸҶЦ㻹һӰǵǸǱǸһιˡʣҼҵĹʱûʲôɣ
˵С˾
ԴӰҶţ󹫼ȻûСҵĹȴǾʱſǽͷϴ磬ʱԵ㶫ʱߥԭʵһֻĸҴܵȵȡ
ԭСҵֻĸܹԣƽʱӲܣǺܵҶҲ
һѧ˲ʳС˺üΡ
Ҷúܲ˼ֻ󹫼ҰģʱͱúܴԼ֮󲢲ʮַӹ̣ܽͩԼҼУɳܹɡ
ѻȵݹȥҶǸ˼ˣȥٹܹǼһ
ౣְͩҶҪߣȻֳ嵽Ǹ䡣
Ҷ֣չȥһüһԺӽһѣԼܿ˶ļͷ·༦
ղԺô֣ģֻһԣʱܹͩŵըëû
Щļŵզզģиͣ
ԭǲС˿ЦǲˣҪȻͲ֪ôˡ
ǡΪ֮ɡҶһ˫أȱԼ󲻻˼Ҳ޵ıûпܵ˼
СȻѰҶ͵ſڣû˵ʲô
صУҶԺ賤Ĳеꡣײ˳̫ˣǰȫһҶԼ԰ײ˳ˣܺڵΪʲôûֻƹϺ
ʱˢһڸУˡҶ
лҪ˵vʱ3¡6·ݴ9kϣҶ֧֡һ 0к


29 
ϻԾIDһЩڻԾһЩòôԾˣӿֳһµIDҲһЩIDԶʧҲ֡
Ҷɱɥʬ˹ˣۿ˿ڸȾսʿǰȥ˺ɥʬǷֿģЩʧIDԸȥ
˲ֻĶֻᱻûɸĿܣԹʧȥҡ
ͩҷ֣衣ҶȻֺǺǵ
ǰرеųĽţģ赸ҪڵϣǻһѡʱҶЩеԲУΪġ
ҪһЩȥɢǡҲЩԲдеһԱ
ౣͩǿϵһЩƵͷʾԼ֪ˡ
òŰҶų߽ţ˼ҵԼԼŵԲģڶСʱ͸ϳ˳ƵģСڿ˺ü£ȵ䵽ϡ
һҶ˲ã佱û뵽ͩôһٷ֣һٷ֣ȻɶҸ
¼һƵҪĻᱩ¶ԼؼϢĶˣȻҶϴȡ˸رŵı⡣
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ϳйɥʬϢ⣬йٷʵʱĳЩطĴɥʬֻRģRǣǹٷҲûа취ˡ
Ҳ˵ӦܿRǲŶԣٷû϶ʲôԭ
پǱ춯Լҳ˵ģ˹ġ
Ͼһʼûļ࣬ԸҲرЧ֪˶ˡϻиǰĵģβһ峤ԵȻıˣǰܸ˼򵥶Ի˳ˡ
ϻƵһԣ˰Ҳ
Ȼ˿Ҷӳȥľ㤱⣬ѵ춯ѾʼˣͻΣգ˾ͻøӾ
Ҫǻͨլŵ˼оլȤҪˡ
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ѣоMMֵ
¹ϳ˭ҵˡˡˣɥʬ߱ɱҿȴΪҪһ㣬еѹ˵㡣
±ߦ棬㳢ҵաҶһ˵ţһ棬ԱкõˡȺݷ㹽ȵȡ
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ͩϲһͷʼԣų±֭ҲˡԱ߻зˮһˮܲͩһС飬Ƥȥļԡ
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ͩȥһˣ˺һŻҶҲûܣڼ󹫼ʰˣʵʵֻ׶Ƿùܡ
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Ƿ֮ƣ֪˭
շȥأ˻ظˣҶ㿪һӴǣϤζϤID
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ذҶʮ˶УĶˡ
ֻ޸ҲϿϢֻζӣϴټ˺ֵܶҰҶ𣬽۸ˣ˺
̯ӵС̨󣬶޸ǹٸˣϴټҰҶĲͱ澯ˣȻǸû۸ҶǱ۸ˡ
޸Ҫǻڹٸ칫¥ϰ࣬͵ʵʵûǧǿʮˣٸ˶һܳɹ۸˰ҶΪ֪Ҷô޳
ܵǣ϶˵ôˣΪʲôŵ˻ǼûУ
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ҪˣҶԼλǵαװһ£ϴŮЧ񲻴Щ˵Ŀ̫ġ
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RǴ磬ҶӿȪˮƿӵԵƻУصضͩעŵ㡣
ͩȥµı켦ǣע㡣
ڰҶÿιȥܿһͷ켦жƻԱߣȻǶġʱû⣬˺üΣͬʱ俴ļжһˡ
ʲôʱѧᰲֵˣ
ȥRǵʱսʿǾԷİֵ࣬ʱͩÿսʿǻ˵ʱ򶼻ᶢſϣȻ󡭡ԼĬĬѧˡ
ױǺѰҶٴδӵؽóױУ涫ͦģȫ֪ôá
·ϴȥRõģǰҶԼֵʣһЩֵȵȣȫҶǻᴩ·ɲữױ
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ͩչԼԴŹУŤһžͰֻ¶٣͸һƵġ
ҶˡҶϲˣⶫԷ϶ԲԣҼͩĶడҶƬҲɶˣⲻҴôöҶƬڶժ
ȻѾժҶ϶ٷŻȥҲû취Żȥʦͨĸϡ
˵ĺ棬رٲ˵ɫҲһ㣬ɫˡ
ôһ˾Ǹɫôãеֵİ̴ѡ
·Ҷصϲ˶Լȥ׳һ㣬Ȼϲ˵ֳͩһ͵͵سš
ʵڴﻹŵ˼Ҷٳţгкȣ滹Σգ򲻵ѣǲŲأҲȥһأ
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Ⱥиͷˣʱ٩٩̸ʵǸͨˣҪ˺óڻ֪ءȿˣ£ȥᣬҵšҲǣˡ


30 
СӳϵͳȥRǵʱȻСӳǶи˾ӦĻΡ
С߶ǿģͲ䵽ˡǱ߶ǱԹһŵ㶼ûˣǲӹ̣ܽأҲ廰ؼɡǿˣȶõĻ
칫Ҹ󣬶رû˵΢΢üͷ½ı濴ԽɫԽá
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31 
ҶĲ־ȣͩǰǣ˶ʱ̬һ䣬˰ҶԻﶼˡ
ͩûǽҶֻ¼Ƶһ߽͵һʼԼڰ칫¥ǰ棬ΪܰȫƺҼңΣնҵġ֮󣬲ҵİȫҾǣҲַ֣
ͩҪסûˣǷġ
ౣͩæҵץǦͷддҶۣƴҲһЩͼʮŤԲȦȵȣǿܿͩڼǱʼǡ
ǧǿٶҲLȻҲɥʬɥʬ࣬ټ߾ٸ칫¥Զ˵ǱȽϰȫġ
ĳǸװģűǧǿǿǿ˲٣ǻرڵƤ߶˿ʱȽϰȫĻóϵ
һһҪżͷǸ׳̷۾ͦ˹ģ˫־˿ܴ
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á
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Ҷ˳Ĺȥȴû֣ȻǧȻôƣôѵһ㶼鲻Ļֶıڡ
оԼڿ
ǡʱյٸʽļеһǱжα죬ɱСġ
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32 
ǻ۲࣬ȻҲû̫̣ڱĵط˲ٶȡֳ͵ȵȣбǿĵط
Ǹ˫ơ
ౣͩһƬɾҶϹǰ棬ȻԼſȥ
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͵ĿۼУͩŤͷϹౣ
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ౣֽͩ˼䡣
ϹûзӦͩҳݸֽץǦͷддϹ֮ͩǣѲݸֽˡ
˳ĸɾҶҲˣŸûƵȥ˺Ժ
춯ǼڰĶҪȥ·ôΣգ˺²ô죿ôô춯ٸһһȥȰ⣿ Ҷܲףûȥ
⼸Ҷ͵һ㣬صȥ˿磬ѾƬСҶӣ֥Сܴ߷һϣҶǳøǰһˡ
ʱõ Ȼ̫ܲ˽
ҪҪϹʹܣҶȵһ쿴˵
ͩкüĲˣװɣعҲܳˣժ㳴˳ԡҶкţԼԺߡ
ౣ֪ͩɿ
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ܳȥˣ󹫼Ҷ˻ʳоԼеûԱ
ʳΪҶֻҪпվͻϰܣرãǼд߷׺ͺѾܳˡ
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Ҷ˺أ󹫼ʵʵſֳҺʵҺҺܹԡ
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޶һҶ·󹫼ѵʱ򣬰Ҷץһѡ
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ౣͩ·ˣСܲҶűߣ̧צץŰҶĿȣԴ˲
֮ǰҶЦҪֻͩЦѣĵǽɽɽġ
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лҪ˵Ժ¾11һ12һ8һˡ


33 
ϻ㲻֪ĴڡºȻڵЩ߸ʲôֻͨ˸ǿһѣиǿĴڣ벻֪
룡Ҷɴ䡣
ԣѹԼһͷҪ󣬰Ҷ˵ǡ
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ȻҲ棬ǲµóѡ
Ͷ࣬·ְҶȫһʹ񵽵ˣбҲŭ𣬸ɴһŤͷˡ
ԭߵſڵʱ»ţֻҪҶһ䣬ֻͩһ䣬תͻȥ͡
ͩòı켦ûȥҲܳ
Ȼֱ߳ţҶûɶѸٵ˴š
ͩͻȻ˵ǧϹǲʲôܣ͵ǼңҪȻôϹٸҪټ춯أҶʡ
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ϴεɳǸɷ硢׷ͯյͷǵٵȵȿɡ
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ٸĶ֪ˣټ춯ܵø˵԰꣬ǹٸǺܸġ˵ҵĶҳţһŪСûˡ
Ҷ˰죬ȷȷʵʲô֪ģ룬ԼҲûʲôϵ
ҪͩȥѱǸʲô컯Ҷ˽һЩ벻ͩҲ뿪
иģٸ㿪ʳһӶУԺòɱɥʬʲôģٸȱҡǡûӦΪҼĴСһ𳤴ֵһڸ᲻á᲻á
Ҷӣæ˽š
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ҶҲţɥʬҪôɱ⣬ҲͲRǣϢϷҲипҪˡ
ҧɥʬץˣ˿ڽӴ۶пܱɥʬȴҪžһпܣϼѡ
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34 
ҪʵסҶһѾˣҪָı״̬ôףͺñ¥֮ȥһ
Ҷһ£Լ˵̫е̫ˣ
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צûˣܻͩȥâɰװܶҪѧ˺ǴƣѶȿɸˡ
ðɣұͩˡҶ꣬οΡʲôĿ࣬񣬲ʺϸˡ͵û˵
Ϲ
Լѳ˹ٸõһʣ׼Ҹȫĵطˣ͸¶һڲϢ
ȷʵڹٸǱߣ綼ܹŹ֣еĴŹŴĳۣеĴĸʿƵģһͲͨˡ
ҶȤ˽ͷûˣ˺Ҳˡ
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ΪͩҶðա
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ڰҶûãһˣһˣ߻и಼·ĹŹˡ
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ûŪףʣôܣҶƽʱ񣬻ţżҲܿ
˵Ͳᣬ߰ɡ˻Ǽ֡
Ҷʱȷʵûȥ׼ɱһʱɥʬԼΣУ˳㿴ı仯
LǱٸĺܺãɥʬԼû취žı⣬ΣղǶࡣǸԶLǣΧسǣҶͺԵĸо˱仯
ͩҸͬͣ£ҶгҶƬԼ죬Գͨǰжõɥʬ֡
ౣͩʱǰ棬ʱצץŰҶĿӣŤͷǰңֱͻȥ
˸ΧưܣɥʬȽ϶࣬ȥӦûл˵ĵطҶ׼ɱɥʬ
иǷڱ춯ʵļֵǰֵԼɱɥʬûκμֵԼˣСûˡ
Դ󲿷˶ԸɱɥʬȲѡ
ܶ˿ɥʬ㿪Ǹɱ򾣬ΪԼв
ȷʵɱɥʬԼûʲôʵԵĺôΪʲôҪɱأҶɱһɥʬϵǽɱһ
ౣͩɱһ򾡣
ͷ۰ҶͬʱԸɥʬԶɥʬͩȨһ£ԭܣŴֱǽϣܳһȣپӸµĳһ죬һڻǣɥʬ
ͩ編ƣٴܣǽӸµĸҶͷצӷֱץðı򾡣
ɵƯҶ
ౣͩػӦ
һɥʬǽɥʬٶȱ΢˵㣬һЩ仯ѾܲٳãøӽӲҶͩɱ
һٸɥʬǽҶ۵˫ֶҪ̧ˡ
ͩǽȥϢҶ
ౣͩҲ֡
֮ѡһխɥʬһΧҲܷ㣬ͨ¥ĺţ˳¥ҵʺ϶صĵطǰҶԼɥʬ֪
һһ¥ݣкɫѪζѾ̫ŨˣӦǺܾһĺۼ
ͩĿϣһһģʱʱŤͷǰͺ档
֪ôģҶȻԼѣ϶ҪͩаȫеģܲҸֻӶԼְɡ
ͩ׼ҶԼһ̫ۣеͷˡ
ǻȥףúϢϢ⼸һЩҶӰóһȣԼӵĴӣ˺һСŵֲһȸͩ
ֽ˲죬ͩͷ˿ڻȣ̧ͷУౣ
ʵҲ֪嶯׶ԲԣϾΣգһҶԼеᣬڼ϶ܰȫԶҲֻǱ˻šҲϲ
˵ţҶšȪˮƿӣ罽˵ˮ
֮԰ǷֹʲôʱϣҰҶ֪⵽Ǹʲôһڼƻզ졣
ɽҲֲģɫɺ죬ϻһЩʬǣźǿֲҶ糤ʱڼ͸ɴϡ
˶׷θȫõĻȥȱʳʣҶȱЩõİȫ⣬ֻҪ룬ɥʬܶԸá
ƺֻҪԼҴһԴԼСӣȻżһЩͷŵˣҲʮˬ
ҶӼˡ
Լ֪Ϊʲô
ֻǶ㿪ٸ Ҷкܶİ취ֻҪ룬ͩͲᱻͳȥȫûбҪô˵ֶΣֱˣ˭û֪ͨϹڼء
ϢĹ򣬰ҶֻĿǰΨһܰȫģҲֻˡ
ȥλֵǲǷˣɥʬʲôɱģû鲻˵˶ûУһԼŪˣǲѰ·ô
ֻ񲻴Ҫ
٣˼ҿ񣬻ᱳʫдҵģҪҪģ
֪˭Ȼ͵͵ƵѰҶɱɥʬһο˴ϣ۵кܶ࣬ܿ˸¥
ҶǵĻȻͨˡ
֮ôڣӦǺ¹¶
Ͼ࣬ȺӶﰡԼڼӣįİɡ
ͩͩ˰
ȻسˣǰҶʹҳ
ǰҲãҫͩҲãǸСȥRǣȻڣҶãԼӦֻǺ¹¶ϲֶѡ
ͩϣܱˣǼҵı켦ҲܱˣҾͲȥұ˴ˣϾͷΣգ˵ҪǱզ졣Ҷѹ˵
ౣͩǰ棬ջͷ۰Ҷ
ðɣ˼Ҫ˰㣬ҾͿԶϰҵˣϾöԺ֡Ҷ˵
ɱɥʬСλñȽرĵֻôطҶһһŲ飬ܿȷĿꡣ
ǸС¥Χɾвֹһˡ


35 
deiѧɣɸ֣ǿܾˣǲˢģţ氡
Ҷû˵أ¥Ͼ̽ͷ˵
ܿǰԺӴŴˣҶȥ
ǶʲôˣҽҾͽһΣզ죿ҶߵſͻȻͣ£źСᡣ
Сһ㶣û뵽ҶȻ̬ȡСؿڣ֣ǶǸ˶ûˣصشյһġҪǲſԿǵѧ֤Ƭġ
ֵҶһ㶣Сһװ˵ӣԭϸôϸеʱ򡭡ûôߡ
ǺðɡҶ̧Žȥ
ԺӴɨĻɾ¥Ҳ߸ңһɫĴкʱȫ۰Ͱ͵ؿŰҶݡ
ָ֣˵ɳˣҪ˰ɣȻ˵˱˺ܾˣҶȲĿ˿ڡ
Ҷ룬һʵҲǸš
һ㶣ϸҶƤǻãݵģźܼ򵥵·ȥǡ
Щ˶ˣҶ̲סЦǵģҴѧҵˡ
ôܣ㿴ȥҲʮꡣǾȻԸˡ
ŲԼȥ롣ҶҲس˵ȽΣգӦȥLǲŶԣǱйٸᰲǡΧѾ˰ɣôڵģ
һһӳЩк˵ˡ
ЩѧҶԼӦγĽɫУǲԾĿʼ˵̡
ǰҵλñ¶ˣҪԸô죿Ҷ˵ҵͩǶ֪ɣҪ˲֪ж٣һʮʮ˰ΧҪɱԽô죿
ŻˣæǣسѾûжˣһֱ㣬˰ΧġǡǲǲȥLǣǲȥ
֣ʵǶһġм㣬ʲôУһȥصĺͻȻڡ
ҲҶɴľܾ
ͷ˭ûҹȥҪǶ˵ɺӣʲôأҶǾֻǸͨ˶ѡ
Щ͵ƵϣΪע⣬ٽ
ͬʱҲ˺ܶΣգǿðȥġŵʱ ҶԺһĺܸɾȻûбϡ
ǿԸٸ绰ǵġҶߡ
ôΪʲô˵ϰǣиӴ󺰡
ǶһģĸԭţһȺ˽ȥɱȫˣǻزȥˣزȥ֪Ҫ𡢱𣡡
绰ûã̫ƫƧǲȥ
ǸųΪʲôϳְæ
߷ɫʲô֣Ǹ˽˰ˡ
ڴǰЪ˹Ĵ󺰴УһЩɥʬҶɱǹԺӴţͷҲص߿
س棬˸ʱȫĵطţҶóֻ
Щ˵һӵʱ򣬰Ҷ;ϤϿʱһѣȻѳˡ
ЩˣӶɱӱһȺռݡ
οѺܶ࣬æȴһûУ麢ǱΣٸ϶ܣڻڲԺҲһܡ
£ҲֻŹˡ
˿ʼķʱ䣬Ƕʮ֮ǰҲз˵Ⱥ˻ڴΪʳ࣬һʱ᲻
ͩ˵ҸòȥҶͷʣӦȥڵдһ㡯òӦȥдһһ
ౣͩԴ룬̧צӣڰ·д˸㡯
ҶȥгǾȥ
ξ飬ҶԼܽһ£ͷӣҲܲǿĵ飬ҪԼģƺԸһЩ˱Ƚϼ򵥣Ͼ͸ɣҲ֡
˻ˣʣµҲǺˣΪ˵Ķ̫ˡ
Щӿ϶ûɱˣڵƸߵðҶȥп£ǾͲϸĺˣҶܾˣҲǻˡ
ʱôӣԽ綨
лʱڳͨ磬ԼͼҪȻһҲôطءҶгص·ߵĲݴС
ͩΧɿתȦʱʱץ򾣬żǡ
Ҳ֪ǲطˣر࣬رײУҪǰҶԼһоҲС
ͩڣȫбõҲ˰ɡ
Ҷип뵽ͩԺ󳤴ˣ̸ܻӦģǲ֪Ϊʲôִֵ
ͩǴǰߣҶװĿȪˮƿӣǰ
ߵһҡһڵģ飬ҲҪǰʲôͩŰҶ·ӣԼҲѧ̵ĸһֻѼƵġ
ǰͻȻ˳һӰ
ҶѸٺˣſӰһͷɥʬĹӱţҪȻѾ׷ˣʱƴ˹
ȻҲõķչҲɥʬġ
Ϣ٣ҶôųģɥʬҪôɱˣҪôԼɥʬٶɲĳˣûðˡ
ЩɥʬĶٶȿ죬ƽʱҶȻҪǴɥʬ͵͵զ죿Ϳ̿ɡ
˩ɥʬ㳤պøǰ·ҪԱ߹ȥҲܡ·߶ȥ֮һŲȵﱻҧˣòʧһĲݴԺĿ϶Ҳв١
ѵҶܱǰǵסȻᡣ
㲻ɱ˾ͺáҶһѡ
ɥʬ죬ֻҪɱɥʬ̫죬ҪʮСĲСҶ֪ԼܻΣգǳȥ
ౣͩһֻצӹڰҶϣͣҡΣĲǻǣССĻ棬ܹʱɥʬ
ΪᣬҶɥʬԿǡ
ɱɥʬߣŷ·߻кܶһЩѾȥʬ巢ĹߣлŵĹΪ˿ڣĨɥʬѪ⡣
˹ѺúõĹɥʬ˩ڴڵˡ
˵ôץɥʬ˨Ҷǵ͹˵Ͳ̣˵Ĺǹҡҡβ͡
˿Ѿڣûˣޱǰɱֻ
˵ĹһֱûҲûôˡ
лңҽôΪ㱨ˡҶȥ𽥽ӲĹʬ壬
Ӻܴ󣬵мٻ˼ңΧԭҼһ˲ʳ
ҶǰߣԶ˳ĳԽԽࡣ
ָоܺãõĶԷǸˣôԼͲ֡ڲõǣȥǸɣ
ͩʳǵģǷҶЦ


36 
ͩҲΪȷǶǻˣܶԸˡҶĳҪ㵥Щء򲻹ĻҪȥӲܣ
ౣͩǰ棬Ҷô˵ˣ˺棬һצץסո¶ͷı򾡣
ܶܶ죬ֽŲãҲҪϡҪȥΪע䣬һСզ죿Ҷ˵һЩӲܵĶɵ棬Ҫѧǣ
˵Сǰ˸պ˰ҶŤͷܵ׼
ҶðҶ˵ЩȫԼܣҪӶѡ
ϣҶĬһ£ȻͻȻһ
ͩ˲һ߷һ򾣬ǰ棬ȻͷСƱȰҶ·ǧܡ
ѺúõĹץŪɥʬڴڣΪðҶŭжЩ˵ӡ㣬û˵ֱӳ֡
ҶƬһöһöɳȥͩ嵽ǰ沢ûȥǵ·ѧŰҶצӸɡ
ͷСȥ׼ץץ
˰Ҷܵ׼Ȼ֪δڵɥʬ·ߵģҶֻһˣô࣬ûʲôµġ
ҳĶǿ׳ĺӣ׼ǰ滹ľͷդڵʲô
ûʲôµģΪҶơ
̬иں棬ǰУоţתܣҶƬӺ׷ϣ͸ջ桭Ҳˡ
µʱֻüôһ䣬ʹ˵ˡ
˵۵ģʮЩˣ弶ɣϾֻǸС˿ڶѡҶ°ǰǵطΪУǿһˡ
˶авô߶ˣôɵֶΪ
ౣͩ˸˲˲צӣܻذҶߣ
ˣҶæʡ
ͩͷ
ҶˣͩˣʱæͩϸȥļʮӣͺƨɶˣհҶ㷢ˣͩС򡭡һۼë
ᴵ˴Ҷοģܿͻ᳤ġ
ౣͩˣҪ֪ԼëģΪƯ
û˷ֵǣǸ۵ģ÷Ŵ󾵲ܿë䵽ˮϺȼǰˮظڻһ㡣
󲿷ֵطˮأ¶صĵطˮֲڣӦǺ̵·˶ˣԼĪʮһֵģžͺܲǣеĻ
ҶҪҲر𣬻ĲҳָŤͷܡ
ʱЩֵˮϲͣطеĸ˵еţеĳ޵ؿŰҶǸ̬
Ƕ˰ɣҶǿ˿ȷڵɥʬģܴͲ±
ౣͩҲ뵽˱ɥʬ̧צӣˮжƵĻۼ
֪϶бˣҶƬ˰һ˦ŰپʮöɡҶ˵˦ȥһöҶƬ
ݻƵҶƬָþӨ͸Ҷ˦ȥķܿտǲЩܵ˺Ҳ뿴ҶƬԼжôǿ
ҶƬû䣬ֱߣӷ϶ľǽ
໡˵ڵϣʹغС
ˣҶ֪ˡҶźۼĴ˴֣ʵ֪ˣǴɶѣȻֳܱ
ûˣҶͩһΣǾǸƵʱ򣬾ҪƣǳһճǼƣ˾ܲ
뵽ҶɤӵΪʲôôۣѵûҵҶƬжģҪǽⲻ˶Ǹطõ
㣡ɣ˶ŭˣȴû취
ӵʱû취һǡȻ޲˰Ҷʱȴֻԭʹ͡
̫үү
ԣ̫үүѵ֪ߵغСӣ
ˣ̫үүˡ
ҶҲ˴Զͷݿݵĺֻʣһϰˣһ˫۾ȴ⣬̫˵۾
ͷ߻ˣȣ޲ۣȥֵ̫صġ
˵ֵصũôҲдģô񶾵ͷ֮ǰҶѾȷˣЩ˾ǴˣûʲôĶˡ
ЩӣҪô֪࣬ԸףǰҪôǶԼĸĸƭˣҶú߲̫ܣϾ˵壬ĸˡ
ͷ߽Ҷ΢΢ü˶һ
˼ˡ
ͷûҶͩ˻ȻЦߡȻЦŵģʮŻļµĸо
ͩԭڰҶűߣ⻰æ˳ſڰҶϡ
ͩСԴҶҲ߲ˣôһܰɡ
˵ʲô¶ΨͩС˵ܶ˭ҪͩҪ˵
ǺǣСӣԭܵģڲˡͷ΢΢ҡͷ϶ȥҪһҪʣֻɱˡ
ͷߵӦʮֳȵǰߡ
Ҷüͷǲǻ̫ã֪ôˣ
˵󣬼˶ʶͷͷԼһ㶣ôˣûôӴ硣
ҶٺЦǺֿ˵ġǺǣ
ͷʱɫһڣԭûôãŰҶǺǡȻо˵Ǳ̨ʡ
û˵ˡ˼ӿٶȣ˹
ҶˣΪֻ𣿡
˵Ĺ򣬰Ҷָ߷ҶƬƽʱࡣ֪ԼԵĲͨˣֻ죬޸ֶ㲻ʲôǾܣҲֻͨǿһѡ
ǰˣҶĸоһȵĴɽ¡¡ѹҶԼҪӲӲĻһͿ϶ᱻſ¡
ҪܹŹ֣ʵҲǸͨ˶ѣǱȽ˿һΪһ˻ôÿе˶ѡ
԰ҶҪúԼΨһƣǾͬʱ˦ʮöҶƬܲ˵ԷԼҲȷ
ʱҶͩ˵ЩĻֶԷͷǿԼԴ򲻹ֻܲƴһ
ڽΣҲܾҪһ
˦ʮöҶƬҶûֹͣһ˦ʮöȴǶͷȥġûп˦ʮö
ڵܣ˦ʮöͼˣ͸֧һ£֧ŶʮöҶǶԸЩͨˣֶԸˣ֪Լͣһ͸֧ܣͩתܣ
̫ΣգҶûȥѡܡ
ΪһûãȪˮƿҶƬܹɹݣ˵


37 
ӲеĵطˮԼֻʮ֮һӣЩطͨһб֣ȫĺܡ
Ҷл˼ҿţè˽ȥ
Ǿôرȫɥʬһ˽ֵˮ࣬ûб򾣬ԳŶˡ
ԺӸ쾮ƵģΧƽ͸Կȥ涼Ŵס
Ҷº׷˸Ӿͳ˽ȥͲˡŶԷ㶣ȥŶԷĲӣָҶƬ߷ٴ͸֧
𶯱У̸ĲӣҶ
ҶĻŴͣ˶ȴû
ǰڶ죬Ҷһ㶣˾ȻֻһСͷǸưͣġֻΪԷһҶ˵֣𷴿šĲӡ
Է΢΢ͷ
Ҷɿ֣źۼĹ۲Сݡ
һŴһӣʲôûС·ӵϣϵıĶԭĲˣ裬һװˮһװʳģи̺ڵϡ
ҶһӦѵ˹˳ǰտ˶ڵϵˣŷϲ
ûأôͳˡ
ֻΥ£ƽʱҲδϾרŵİⶫʲôSMģ֮治Уˢ˵޺֪
ҿˣǧҪŹ
Ұѣ̫үү˵ˣ˭ҵн
һһңѣ
ߣǲΪ̫үүĽҲţ᲻ܳ
ͬڣһ²ܡ
е˿϶жôѸ٣Ǿֻ˵ԭڼģҶӦ֪Լʲô
˸󵨵뷨
·ɴһһٴЩ·ͺݣʱ·ȥҲôӷףֻԼøסβˡ
ű͵ƿ֨졣
Ҷŵÿ棬ȻоԼĿӱŤͷȥͿưͲ֪ʲôʱչѾϽеĴڵϣʾ-ȥ
ưָָ棬˼
ллҶɫӣΪ˰ȫֻܼװһˡ
һһݵļ飬ûŹ³׶ûŹķǳϸڿҪӵʱưĶȻݺݵشһԼĴȡ
ʲôˣ˿첽߹
͸ܣҶư͵˼Ĵĺ󱳡
ܳţ㡭ôĿ㡣¸һˣ˵žȻЦЦţҸ˵ЩܳȥĶˣ˵˶ҪǲⶾӾ͵õһƽʱǰ棬ھȻӹһ١
ô˵ˣҶżҪҪɱˡ
ֱи룬ҶץͷҲصӹȥ
ɶ㿪ΪţŵˣЦźˣҪ㰡ȥҿ̫үү˵ˣҵн
ˣҶͣ£ưͱĻģһЩСС˰̣µľɵģ̰ˡ˿ڣ鿴ŴĿġ
ư͹˲ϴ·ðҶߡ
ˡҶԼʵͦ˽ģҲԸⱻŲܲ˵ܳڼȻ˶ݣûתܵĵ̾˿Ҵߡ
ưָָԼϵҡͷ
ԿȻʵеĵطưͶȥҪǲҪԼҵҪǿ¾ǸʲôţϣҶȴûΪѣӻͳͩ
ͩп𣿡Ҷʡ
֪ˮضͩ˵͸жƵģֻҪԸ⣬ƽʱˮܣ͵һСӡ
ౣͩϣ̧צӿ˿ֻͷҶ
԰ɡҶͷ
ͩǰצвưͽȻ󡭡͸жƵĸпˡ
ư͵ɴ۾ҶֿͩٿԼĽȻȻ˰ҶδԼᱻߡ
·ЬӣߡҶ
ưͷӦɿش·Ьֻܾúܾû·ˣߵҡҡλεģʱˤ
Ҷһưͣɿسš
ԭһܳҸû˵ĵطݣʤһЩǱưͲܵĲ죬ֻҪ˿ͻᱩ¶ݣʤ㼸㡣
ѡŵĻҶͲ
ûѡУֻоưһѡѡ
ܳͬҶ˸ǰܣãպи˴Ӽư;һ㶡
ţˣⶫʲô˴ЩӣֻϤ·
Ҷﲻ˸̬𣿺ܶ˶ˣǳ ʱҪˣҾͰǰ棡
һ㶣Ȼеͬôû뵽еҲ֪ܱܲסҵ취
û뵽ҲܺƹȥҶǰܡ
һˣû編أԷŭһ㡭
ֻԷûҶȳ֣ҶƬɵ鷢
ǸӵġҶĹ˸䣬׼ҵط㡣
ˮౣĵطǲȥˣֻȥûˮصĵطһֱҶŵưͿȥֵطҲ֪Ĵڡ
ȻʱͩҲӰҶֻҪǱ򾣬ܶ٣ûܿġ
ãҪǰˣҶͣ£˼Ҵźõĵطȥϴšвɥʬʱʱ̶̿б㱣ЩһʱӦҲ
ȥҶưͷŵȽϰȫĵطͩɢĴһȷȫ֮ЪϢ
ֽͩͱʸҪЩ¡ҶڴڵĴ϶˵
͸֧ܣʱͷؽᣬһֱҧֹܼҪΣգһͷ˯ذˡ
ͩݸֽǦͷƵưǰ档
ӵô£Ǹͷͨ˰ɣʲôãдӲֻôˣʣµأҶкܶʵģЩǱȽҪġ
ౣͩͦأؿư͡
ưͿҶͷʼд
Ǹۻͷûֿţˣʣ㱳ŵأˣ˵ʲôطģ
ɶ˵ɶûţһЩ
룬ˣɫǺ죬תܡ
ȻѵƤӵµ˸ϴˣԴ˫Ŀֻôʧ˵ᱻ˵ɽ
е˶ڼѵǲˣ˶ۡ
ңʵٱЩǿˣڰҶ˦ǵصҶƬʱȻҲδΡ
ֱҶƬһȥץҶƬָܴȥֻٶȺ쵽һ̶ȲץҶƬ
ץסҶƬѸٿήʧǴδڹһ
ֻмöҶƬãǷҶƬʵ̫ˣ˸ȫֹеʱʹӲƽʱʵ
ҶƬԽԽ࣬˵µԺԲƣȫС
Ǽֱǧٿװ͸ӵĿͲƵģʵ̫ˡ
ҪѪûкҲ׵ʧȥսһڵϣϺƵš
˿áҲ̫ˡ
ڷͷһ˵ҶƬͷˡ
ʱҶûܵĻܿͷ۾һĨ⣬ǵûе˷ܣȻðҶҲеֵˡ
ȥɣץģץһͷ΢΢ᴫǹ


38 
ѵĸɸɾһԵĶûУڻһЩľͷɶܲա
ŶѺõľͷ³һڻǣľͷ㿪ʼѸȼգҶóӽȥ˸֦ȼյľ
ζرãҶٿڿˣȻܽţͩǺܼ»ԴȥצСĲŪȾȣȰҶ֦öˡ
ưһ̧ͷͩӻ˶ϵĻǣĳ嵽Ҷű߲Ŀӣֱӱһ¡
ˮ࣬պźȰɡҶҳƿˮһ·ϱţóðٶʮ
ˣòŰҶ˵ͩζСһһ
ҶͩԴ佱ɵƯԡ
ౣͩҲְ̣ưǰ档
԰ɣԼֵĺʵġǰ֪ʲô˵㶫ųáҶһ󿪣оĲַŵһͩԣˮʣµԼԡ
ưٴξȵؿҶƺû뵽ԼôҲûܾĬĬ
½ǰֳĺ⡢ؽѵȵطŹĲһζǺܴ󣬵ررŴճģζȿĸá
ްư͵ͷһ߳һᣬҶˣҼȻֻҪһţͻҲȫȫġģҼҵط󣬶һһ㶼࣬ͷȥҼסţԱůõɥʬͱ򾡭
˵ҶԼ˵ȥˣڻڴ֪ܲӳȥء
ֻźţԥƬ̺󣬰Ҷѡٸ绰ֻûдٷĵ绰ȡ˸ɣ̯ӵС绰
ҶǸС緢ʵģƽʱⷿɶöҲøһӵ绰С֪ԼֵĻˣҲ֪µ˲ϣƹ£ֱȥԼݡ
绰ͨˣҶԼҲ֪ڵûɶɣڷһ߰Ĵӡһǰеĳﹷץɥʬڴڵ·ڶ߳ɻ߰˳ˣ󲿷ֶ˺ͺӣԼŮˣиͷܹŹ֣ǸʲôʿĻӦ֮һĿǰǷɣģǻسǰһȺƭˣ
˵绰ҶȥһЩƬư͵û˵д˾ȵס
ౣͩ˵عϣˮҲȹˣԼֲֽצġ
ҶҲ˲֣ȹˮɾĿȪˮƿûӣǷŻذ
óװƿҶưͣϿҵҼȻԺסҼңǶȫΣҸ͸סǸţ㻹ǵӰɣȻҵܶͶ񣡡
ư͵˵ͷ
ҲͦùģҶû취
ƿﵹС޷Զ
ͩҶܽûóȻ־ҶƬǰͩ
ౣͩ׼ݵקöССҶƬ
ҶһֱϸؿţͩʱʵǷ˵ģһһɹŹֵǡͩû⡣
ҪǻԼҶ֪ʲôӰ죬ʱòԼĳЩ棬ʵǱͩģ˵˵ͩצӾʮַ
ֱŵˮУҶƬѸٳ
ͩԼܽݣëצӡͶƵɫ͸һƵġҶʹҶƬԼϣŤͷư͡
ưл⾪ȣĶȴѸ٣ʼ̽ԵڰҶϵĶ֮󣬷ֺ׸ı״Ϳ˺ܶࡣ
ΪٳŵʱŻҶƬǰҶİﻹоӡ
ưŪ״ϸͷʾɺ󣬰Ҷžӿ˿ԼЩǺݣһۿ϶Ǻ⣬۵ʱƺܻ첻ߡ
ţ˾Щ룬ǡƤûѪɫβǺ֣ȰҶһ㣬Ϥ˲ϸĻ
ǰҶĶʵ̫ˣ˵ţƤҶ϶š
ư͵ĽͣҶţ˻ͦ˽ġ
ƢꡢΨͼȻֵ꣬ĿܶǳһС¾ŭĿƲסԼǰǴĶӣϹ˵ȣץȥ˼꣬һֱڴ죬֪ĩΪ˼ʳѰˣԼռ˼Ķ
ţڴֵӣռưͣΪȻçײܣǱȽϹŹֵĸʴȻܺҪǿˣ޵а
Ҷ˼ر׺ݵı飬ưָ㣬ȡţһ㡣
ưԼȻҶѧò׼ȥ
ǱҲǣȻҶΧ̫ΣգһܳȥУҪǴͲˡҲģǴһɡ
ౣܹͩȥ̧ư͵Ŀȡ
ưеżıȻ
ոհҶ绰͵棬ȣ߸Щб򾣬ЩҲ׹͡һֱŹٸˣΪʲôҪȥ
ưͱ˼ҶҾǾãܸٸϵϣҪûֻֻû磬ϵϹٸô죿
ౣͩСڿл˸Ȧƽء
Ҷ֪ͩģµĳǣЦԣ£ҪӰ˼ΣȥǸɣ
ֻô˵ҶĵȻҪһ㣬˽˽ǸͷԼţĴڣΪԼαװ˳
˵Ҷʵ̫ܣư;ư͵ĳţðæһֺ΢ĸо˵Ǽʱ䲻ãӦûʱŶԣҶôˡ
ΪҶãһˣӦöǻ˰ɡ
еĺۼҶưһţͩǰܺĶԸ򾣬ûпⲻư͡
ߵĺСġ
ﰲȫĵطҲֻûˮาǵĵطңȫߵĸСģ϶ź·޲ùˮŰġ
˫û˵ŲҲͻȻϣҶһ㶡
ΪʱҶưͳ˲ֹһбԶԶʱûʲôٿţ·òһ
Ҷαװţ¶ûãţܶҵҲûţ
ͷţһ棬֪ûϰҶ֮󣬾ˡ
ţƣҪԼҳǸðԼư͵ˡ
û뵽ȻҵˣţԼ·ûԼһ߻ư͡ţô̵ˣʱôʲôطı⣬Ȼרĵ¡־ͱɣҿû֣
˵ҽҪɱ㣬ð壬ߣ㻹ңҶԼŴţе
ţһ㶡


39 
˾͹󣬱ЩСоţһⲻǰðĻˡ
ҶȴҲû£ָҶƬ߷˦ȥ
˵ҶƬţܽûע⵽Լű߳ɫԲһ档
ϵ·˲ȼգţʱܾΪԼҪˡ
Ȼֻһӣţȷˣֻ·ԼǺ˵ġЦʲôŹֵⲻ廨ͷöûУ
ٷСҶ
ţ໵һɤӹ򵽵ϣˡ
ȵȥǱߣ˵˵ˣǻȥġҶҡͷ߹ȥø첲ţĲӣ˫һšΪ˰Ҷţôˡ
ţǾúܱġ
Χбðͩɱ򾣬Դţķ
ǻᶯɥʬҲǱɱɥʬҲǻˣǡ˵ˡ
ưΪҶǰɱˣʱֻâɣԼԼ˳ǰţʬߣʱ
ͩҶóֽ֣ѹоͦܵġ
ౣͩŤͷưͻķЩ⡣
û£߰ɡҶ
мȻ˾ͲӦհǰ˺ĺڣʱҲݲڣ벻ͣǰС˵ĲֹţһֻȽϵùðҶ˵˶ѡ
һǰߣҶл̲ס£ԼƺеѪɱ˸ԼһྐྵȻ޶ԣûκӦӦⲻ̫԰
ǰϴѧʱ ھҽѧԺ˵һһοڸеʬóʵʱ򣬴󲿷˶ˣܳʱ䶼⣻ս±һɱˣеĶӣ侲Դġ
ѧ˵һ˶޶ԣֻ˵ҪôǿҪôûͬġ
ԵģҪۼΪһȱٵľͬġ
ҶԼһ㶼ǿƵϲһֵ⣬ÿܺԶȥֱ塣
ౣͩ˳ŰҶĿȥϲ˲ա
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Ҷһ̲סˣⲻǸ˿Ľ
˭û۾̫Զһ˻ǿģʱæֹҶ
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˵ǸɵưˡҶӵ۵ģԼȥر𼤶û׷ϣ֪ǲܳˡ
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Ǹ̫үүֵܵԼҶƬɵǸΣյҶ̫ȥ
תһ룬뻢Ѩɵûӣȥһѡ̾Լαװ浽κ˶
һ·ҲбɳֻͩڰҶ·ֻľãߵĻеࡣ
İȫشиķӣЩɢԱӦǸ̫үүס
ߵſڵʱ򣬽ͻȻͣ¡
Ҷ￩һ£ʤɫķŭզˣ̫үүȵļء
ǣ˵Žȥ𣿡ԥⲻ̫үүδظ˰
ưͺԼı¶ڣæͷ
Ҷü鷳ȥһȥɡ̫үүҪҵţ˰ɣǵģ˯˯˲ң̫鷳ˡ
Ȼ֣Ǿɡһ˿ɬ
ţҪǾ̫үүеܣôܹô̹ӣ԰ռ಻ưͣ￴˳۵˶ȥˣ۾һ
˽ȥ͸ˣһĶȱػʹ࣬ŰӣϸŶ
˷ģҶ
Ǽһ̫ˣҪһҪʹĥҶֵǷģ¶ţˡ
еĺǶмؿŰҶһЩ˸жˮ
ݣҶȻϵı黹ǺţѾ
ͷֻ㿴ʣţȷܳˣ
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Ҷһʶͷлǿӣƺ̫Լ֪ôУ
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ͷƺû뵽Ҷô˵ؿһۣ˵ǴΧ˴ڣĵطҲõķֻҪҽȥ֪
˵ô࣬ͷ˵ˡ
ҶɮûͿ̫үү˳ᢣ䣡
ͽˣ˵˴ӸݽʦţҲ̫ûˣﻹǸưͣҲ۾ںưͣǲ
ǣ˭֪ưƽʱϴţҲôԵģشǰư͵ƶѡһȻҲЩ
ͷ۾Ŵſڵǲţ컯ˡϧΪʦóⷽ棬ֻԼţЩ컯ȴ֪ʲô컯
˶ʱͷ˵ţĻ
Ҷ棬ְȥ˿Щеˡ
̫үү˵зӽⶾҶʡ
еĺӲŲƽҲʱշתأԿ̫үү˵ûжûôôۡҽԺͲˣҲû㹻ֹҩҿҪŲȥˡ
̰ɣֵܡҶļĳŴ̫˸СˣҲŹˡۻǺ£㲻˵ʼ˿֮󣬻ᷢ˵Ҫ˯вСץˣԺò˰
ˣ
鰡Ҳûа취ӰԼְˡҶ˵
˵ĲˣҶŴưͳȴûټˣǴҴһȥԼסݡ
˻ͦģֵĺӣʳͷǱߣƽʱԶȻǴʳƷȥͷȡÿ
ȫʳͷǿ治һСĿˣҶĶ
ȵٿٸҲˡ


40 
ͷǱ̫ΣգҶ⿿֪νķ󵽵ʲô
ౣͩͻȻ
˸ߵӱԵǰһߵ·ǰǴˡǰӦʲôģֻǴʱӲݴͷʲôΣա
ɶҶûкͩͣµʡ
ͩݸֽץǦͷڵддʱбðͩץдд
ͩҶ¹⿴
һԲСȣӦͩԼˣڵСȿ񱼣ǰ֡Сֻܻ֒ţӦǰҶġ
ҪԼȥ̽Ҷʡ
ౣͩͷ
Ҷе㲻ģͩЩʱͩʵǱǿһЩģ˵ܷʲôҲܰȫܻ
ȥɣСĵ㣬ʲôԣܻҶ
ౣͩͷ
ԲƵͩʼˣ׼ܣر棬ر죬ڵƵգۼͷɵˡ
֪ΪʲôҶȻռ񶼼ž
ʲôˣƿһ˻𡭡ͩ˲ֳл˶ɵҶС
ߣҶѸٺˡ
֮ǰҺ˶صĵطһҿȥݶܰȫܿﵽ׷ʲô
ݶٻͷҶʱһ
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ǸɥʬȥԸǲҪǰᱻץˡֺ
˶ЩжɵˣǿɲȥԸɥʬһץСûˣԸȥȥ
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ߣһӻͳʲô˳ȥǰɱɥʬӵӱԵ
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ȻˣǾûܵĵǲôҶһ§ưʹӷŭ߹ȥ
úõĴҰ-սƻˡզأϵɶҶĭӣһ
ǰţӣŭ𣬵뵽ͷ˵ĻֻӲ¡
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֪߲ǻе𡣡Ҷ
̣֪ţϴ˳Ұ-սûôȻǵƣζΣֱ˵ˡ
߷ֿҶǼȻȷԼڴҪһ㶯ûп϶а
˶԰Ҷ˵ûɶвԣֻӣ룬ɴưһ͵͵˸䣬ӱķȥǰ档
ʵҲץסҶҵļһ̫ˣʱǸɴ䣬ȻܵҲôɴʱҪǲܣͷˡ
һʦֵܣʱУǵطǧٿ׵ģʦû취ѸٸԭֲȥҽԺҽʵ̫ʹˡ
ǰƿʱһʱ䶼ûӦΪû뵽ҶûܣгУ
ǾзҲûãΪҶƬʵ̫ˣץסһöööѾǼˣʣµĸ㲻ֻӲҶƬܵľʹ
ҪݵĻŸһٸ۲ࡣ
ˣ˵׸ͨ˲һȻӲһɤӣ
ʱҶȻ뿪صţӦߵ·ϣӰðͿʼֵġ
ղʲôͲҲڰ 
ҶȴûֳɪģǴҡڵղҿҹɫͦãưͳ˸Ұ-սʵǴ̼˵Ǹɵ˾Ȼûܣ׼ȥء
ûȽ˵ҶȻŭһư͸ϣɱŶҪǸɵļһˣҵǰ棡
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ǱߣǿȥҶϽǱܡ
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ֻȻаȴܴʱ˵ֻǰ˿ˣһֱš̲סЩͬʣԼ𣿡
ⲻǷϻԼ𣿡ҶûĴ󺰵ͻȥ
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˿ӱһҲǧٿ׵ģսûˣʱرͬ顣
ôҶ̫ƻǶԸˡͷȻʣµǲùˡ
̫үүҪԳ֣ҶȻһʮĵʡ
ͷû˵̬Ĭˡ
Ҷưͻȥ֮ͺ˯ûٳš
糿㣬Ҷûѣֻˡ
һȻ˶Ҷѹ
ҴܳȥҶǴưͣ˿ֲ֣֪ţư;ǵõģжЩͬʱҲĽԼΪʲôûưأ
զ£Ҷŭ𣬡Ҹո糿ء
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⻰˵İҶˣɴ۾Ļͷզɶʱˣ˻ҾȻأһĲ¶棬ΪҲ֪ʲô
۸պܳţռͣ衣


41 
ȥɥʬǵĶ֣ҹٸ˶бȰҶɵĴ˹
ߴ˻ϴۼڰȫĵطͬǰҶαװţư
ôôࣿ
Զˣʵ̫ˣϳҶһ㶡
ʲôֻҪǸҹҾ͸Ҷ֣Χе˼Ҷæ𣬡Ҳٰ˵̫үүء
һҲͶӲ
ͷ˵˶࣬ЩأӶˣֻԼһ߳ţȥ˵ˣǸɵ˿ӡ
Ҷһ㶣ǰˮģתһ룬ںܸɵ¸డӦţɵһˡ
Щ׵ģ֪ͷǶţرգЩʼɡ
˺󷽣Ҷһ̲סˡԭе˾в٣żֻˣ󲿷ֶȥǰˣɲ˰Ҷ
ͳֻٸǱ߷˸ţһʱ䣬ҶͿʼжˡ
Ｘжͳһ䣬Ҳ⣬ҶҵܶӣСƳš
զˣûȥǰ˿˺档
Ҷ̫үүҪã͹ȥ
Ŷ˲
ͷסǸԺӣҶӽݣЦ֪ڰĺ࣬˿ڿʼ˰ɣӣ¹ûã϶ܵúı
Щ˶ЩɣʵɻҲǲУֻ˿ڣһѪζ򾣬ҪǱҧһڣ˵ӵ¶ˣС档
ߵʱҶںߣ˵жȻͷ˵ûϾǹϷǳҪ٣кЩ˶жģԲ
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ţƽʱǸаԵˣʱôᵹû˻ɣĲôѣЩҲͬˡ
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ͩȻ·˦ҶƬһǳɣҶ
ౣͩ·﷢Ľ
׼Ŀ꣬Ҷƽһһε߹ȥ
ιǡҶͳʣϲ36DС𣿡
Ǹһ㶣Ȼʶ˵ͷƽʱûYY
ͩһڻǣҶ˦ҶƬưȥ졣
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̫үүȥģҶһʡ
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ʱҶѾȥսʿǿЩţȻɱɥʬǶаһ㶼˽⡣
λ𿪘ԼˡҶ¶ָҶƬСӳټֵɥʬƶˣЩ˺ΣգǸͷܣĻаǶǶ֣
Ȼи˵


42 
ﻹмҶ˱ƬƤԼһưһͩҲһ룬˸ɾĵط£ųԹϡ
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Ҷ˰ݹȥٺٵÿˣҪȻǸͷûܶԸаŵģ
СӳΪȻĵͷ
ɥʬӴΧԭʮӲĶڴڵ˿ɥʬ󣬷Ӧһ
ЩϻʬûиõɥʬܿǰݣȫǴˣǵİ衢šӡֵܡ
ŻˣҶѰһóСӳ鷳ұҷǳҪͩߡ
ౣͩ˻Ƶĳһȵǰ档
СӳصͷͿҶ˻õȸˡ
Ҷɤӣ嵽ںѵǻǵİˣˣǱ̫үүڴΧγ󷨣Ǳ˲˹ĶΪ̫үү
ţʲô˼
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ɥʬǰսʿǣЩǶѿʱţģжʱŭӡ
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ԭкܶ๷Ϊ̫үүһ仰ɥʬ˩ڴڡ
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˶в̶ͬȵ΢ֻǵĶȽر𣬲ǵܱƴԱ߿Ҳֻܸɵۡ
ʱͩӰҶ·ౣ
ڵϻ˸ԲСȣͷָͷ
ȥԣҶʡ
ౣͩԴ죬һǣĿ⾼ĿŰҶ
ֻĻǿԣСǸͷĺźܹŹ֡ʲôԾͿЩǴ򲻹ܣҶ֣ص
ͩӦţתͷ
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ౣҶ֮ˮرȳһСӡ
ֻǰƴԲ򣬻񣬵ͷȴûɵĸоһΣգٴζ˶壬ðһɹɺǰ档
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ȼͩ˽ȥȼգһĻ
ౣ̧ͩצӣץͷ·˺һϡ
ڸĺð֮ǰͩϷ˳һ·һȼһð̳


43 
񣬾ȻǷ񣡡ͷϲĴ󺰣̰Ŀͩ૵ţǸˣȻ컯ġ
ߣɽͷֵĹһóѣԼȴҲߵ¡
Ҷͩ˿ûˣǾе㲻ã̧ͷһϢͷǷֻͨı켦ѡŵĻȥҼҿҼһлĴ󹫼սǿϧû
ҽҲǵ汳ͷ԰ҶޣʱȻعⷵһȻҪüֶˡ
ɽܶЩżؿҶǵСģ
Ҳɱ㡣Ҷ˦ʮöҶƬ
ʱͷûҶƬΪʮöҶƬǿҲѸйȥµڵϣֻʣһˡ
OSSˣʣµ˶ں֮ڡ
սʿǰЩŹֵɥʬµҲѸطһ飬ʳĿҶƵĲ࣬ʵ̫ˣĳӲãרŴ绰üװ
ЩҶˣȽˣɥʬץȴǵĽɷϳ͡
ӳҵĹʹ󲻴󣿡ҶαװҡһصԼԭУȥСӳ̸
֮ǰٸ٣ûзˡǰҶֵģϸ鱨ṩģսʿΣգҲԱɧŵġ
Ҫ㹦͵ĻҶ׹˶ÿߣʷϣҶռɡ
Сӳ˵ҶҲҪʳ㿴ܲܰһЩֻϽ𣬻˿ҼҺԺҾ̫С׼һ£سΪ¡
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׼ѺΧԺֵʳҶٺЦԸǹˣҲš
㶼ô˵ˣǽͶںáСӳЦ
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ɽԴ֮û˵һֱǰԺĬʱԼߵϹŲˡϹҲϹɵ


44 
ϴοɽͦصģˣû뵽ָô죬۳ŸƵġ
ϴһͨȥĵطû𡣡ɽȿˣȴֺܲһҡ֪𣿡
õĶҶʡ
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ô˵԰ɣЩɥʬ˲ûҶӦ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôǰ٣ͨ˵Ӱ΢΢ڡŨˣûǰôºͣͨ˵ӰҲͱˡɽԼ˵Щʱ۾ﻹЩãȻԼҲ̫ȷ
ɽҶҲûȥ
ֻ֪ɥʬĳԭˣΪһ˫нҶ²⣬ܵĳֿ¾ΪŨӣɥʬĳ֣ҲŨӵĽֻǸĶѡ
еĵطһͻܹ˵ܵõʲôôͻģҪôˣҪôɱĿֲĶ
ĿǰҲֻô⣬ҶԼµӦǶԵġ
ֻ񡭡ܺãҪϧɽ˵
㲻ҪҽͩģҶеСء
ҽԼģûб¡ˣֻϹҲе˼úŰɡɽ˵ЩԳţͷҲصˡ
Ҷû׷ȥ˵̬ȺѰζǿԼԼٸǱߣǷˣû˵ðҶԼ˼˼ˡ
СӳҲûʰҶɽ˵ʲôֵĸɻһԺӣһԷ
⣬ʵĲˣ׷ܱ
ŷиսʿСȽϸԣ̲סпĻԵʳáȻӪܱ֤ζʵûвˣƽʱֻܳάƬӪһƿһԷʱóҩƵġ
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˰칫¥ҶѲ͹ȥȥ˿ⷿûԼҪĶ
Сһ޵ĸϰ壬ڴ¥ﶼ˵ĻȺ˾͹ڴ¥˵Ǳ߷ˣùܡ
զ£˵ɶҶˣɶ¶ûɰȥǸӣĹͱ˭ĶҪ󰡡
Сԥһ£˵Щ㣬˵ֶαɡиͷ˵Ҫˣ˴ˣŻˡʣµĸף˵а


45 
СˣȻһֱŲŲİҶ̯ӣ֪Ļ治١
ϰ壬˵Lǵɽһλܣºܴı춯ﶼҪ͵ȥҪҪرһ£Сѡ
ͩҲˣûαװʱſϾ۾Ŀ˻ƺò񫣬ҳǦͷץűȻҲ֪Ūʲô
Ŀǰ˵Щĳڰ칫¥ʻģ˶Ĭһ£ǾǻûжܹԽͩġ
ֵ̫㣬춯վѻ¶ʱ˼ѾʼѧϰƴĸˣЩ춯¶ĸཻʱ˼ѾСѧ꼶ҵˡ
ҶͩҲ㣬ˣ±ͩ
ǰҶƬʣ֪ǸɽĴܣû֮Ӳ
ҼԶԶؿۣ˵ǸüĿ׷ͯյͷӦûɣСԼ˵ҲԥˣϾ˽⡣
ͩצӵпҲðհҶллҴ¶ͷҵȥܡⷿ㿴ɶҪõ㣬ֻҪ˾УҲȱЩ
ϡС˵ĵͷ
֪ģҶأ˲ٶ϶ȱԵġڿ³˰Ҷκ˶ȱԵõģǳ
Сÿ춼йǲǼﻹ˵ų԰
Ҳֵ㶫óȵдƬأλ÷ɥʬжõץļУֻץĻǾԲеģңûҪܹͩͳһ伦УͳһָӰš
Ҳ˴ŪֲˣΪ֤ԣֱˣûкСıֱ֣Ӱŵò˿ӣͰѶˡ
ˣֻһҶ߳ⷿ˻
УⶫֵǮֻҲͻĿˡСӽ䱧һӣȫǸָֻߡ籦ȵȶ׵ģеĻֻ
Ȼ׼ԽȫֵԽߣĶԽࡣ
Ҷ˸˳۵Ĵų˲ֿ⡣
ͩ²Ƕɵ֪˹͵ȥˢڸУҪȻ˿ڸУòԼĹô죿ҶһߣһĳĶͩ
ౣͩͷ
칫¥ÿ¥ԭҪˮеˮȫϣԺùŴͰڿƶطϰ˶࣬һ󣬶ܲˡ
˸ӣǾǲ칫¥뿪ſţмǸȣԹ۲ûб򾣬Ҳ֯רŵĶ鴦Щˮı򾡣
ҶЩϸõıðҲ֪զģƶͰҲûʲôðһѡ
ȣͩһҶȻﲻסˣֻȥ
ౣͩڰҶűĴûΪζö
Ȼͩˮϲˡ
Ҷɿؽʣզ£طȫǵÿߡ治֪ôܵģһŲҧˣСҪҪˣǵġ
ౣͩýŲ˲ˮ䡣
˵жҿҶ˵ţСĴˮ䣬һ˲䣬һɳͩ׼ȷһצץס˲ͷ
ûĲһͷûҲˣͨ򾡭emmmϳɺüضܻȥҪǱҲҶ˻ž̫ˡ
ӲҶǳһ亹ȥ쵼̸̸
˵¥Խϣ쵼ĹپԽ󣬰Ҷ˳¥õ쵼ҲףǰеݣΪʡ磬ͣˣֻ¥ÿ춼ؼˣҲ̫ˡ
쵼ҶҲȥң¥Ҫһˣֱӹ䣬а칫Ұ뿪ţȥá
ƿŽȥҶһ̲סˣ¡޸ҲڣмҲ ǽǣֻʱȥЩήҡ
쵼ź֣е飬֪ǲ¥ġ
ǿ۰Ҷ϶Щ֣졢ⶫŪߣôˣ
ౣͩһצץȥı򾣬ǰ˱ģѱ˦ǰ档
Ūߣ˭֪᲻ḴŻˣЩ⣬£ȥȥ
ȵȡҶ¾Ҫ֣æֹͩѱץûб˼ֻ֪ڲץģʱ͵ıĳҪͩڣ˵ͽˡ
ౣ̧ͩצӣһűҿ
ⶫļƺû۾ʲôģͷ϶ʮֿɲ˿˶Ǵ˸ͩ۶ˡ
ౣͩͦء
ȻƽʱɱٶҲûã͵ôҶ֪ˢˢڸвУЩ˵ı֣ͩñӡ
ƽʱȷʵű򾣬㿴ҲǰɱҲȥʱƤӵ£ͩһһģӦܴ
ץģΣհҶװģ̾˿Ա߲ˡ
һͷʱ˵һ£ȷʵСӲͷƤԴ˰ɣ
ʲôҶµתƻǱߵ飬˵֪Ķ֪Ķࡣ
ԭɳϵĽŤͷм֪ʲô
ԱߵС͵㿴㣬ǸǴӶˡ͵͵ˣаǴôˣ㲻ǻ˵ҪôҲҧһ𣿡
ܳû壡ơ
칫ҵĵذеƣͩڽ˵ǼģûϳҶǸ񴳽ӱ⸱زס
ʶ֮󣬽ŭˡ
ȵȡҶȻڣûǴĻ㴲ײŵƬӦñѳ˰ɣ
һ㶣ŭôҲû취˳ɢԭ칫ﷴˣôҲץҶԵͷ
һҭ
һŲӲ˵ˡ
ԭðҶرܵģ⼸ΪʱҶʱҲˣ¡
Աֹ쵼Ѿûҿڡ
ʻ
Ĺʲôʡ
˶ĵ⣬ͷѱ˴ߣ˵ҲΪ˹Щʻһ˽ģҪǹãûȿѧϰѧϰ˵ҲѧأҪǹãʳȥ棬ǹһ
ҶӵĿģҲˣȻԹҲܸȤ
ߣԭ˵ģҲ˵ˡ۵Ҫܰˣʲô˵ʲôô
ۿʼּۻˣ뻹ǰҶ
ڳ˶һȰҶڵˣΡոմűˣֳɵİѱ


46 
ͩǱһ񡣡ҶߣŤͷͩʮ˶Σ
ౣͩ±˸Ƶģʮ㡣
ڵذм䣬˰Ҷ˶̲סſⶫͻȻ˭һڣǿҪĶ
ǶְƽʱǴݣļϰڣòųɶģΣգʱȻһĶðһ亹
ڿⷿõģʱҶŵȻؼ֮ͩϰԼҲҪϰܣǽƫ棬ϴǧ𪣬˼ûûеԼץϹˣԻҪԼøǿС
ӵϳģҵĵذ巢ѵһ֪ʵĵġ
ͩצӣг飬ƽ룬жƵġĿ顢˿顢ʮ顭
˶Ŀɿڴʱͩʵµʶ Ҫһ¡ͩʮڵļӼǻģ飬ֻӡ
ʵûôӲǰҶҵǴƺϽʵģӲȱȲϴ֣ҲĶȥʱͩצ͸Ƶģпƽ⻬һ鶹ôУҲġ
ûƽʱ֣ͩǶ档µ͵ͩ£˭۸ңҶۣ¿һ£˵ˡ
ʶ˿ĭ쵼µ⶯ı飬ֶͩθŵˣȻĸ˿ڣðɣ˵
쵼޵ؿ۰Ҷе뷨
ҶȴҲûϣǹһֱ֣ͩͩҪǿ°ߣһ㶫ܲס˵ˡ
һЩ֪ͩȻκ˶ФģĳЩ뷨ΪãҪȻʱ˵ˣҪ˵Լ֪顣
ˣҪӲӲ϶ˣֻҪпӣ϶ԥꡣʱߵ˵һθȥRǵСӣָӰţԼһѣڴ첻ٺôô
̫үүһһǶûֻͽ֪۴ͷɥ̫үүܿţѹǶãҪţѧԺǿ϶Ҳѧˡ
Ū죬ʲô֪Ҷ
еΣãؼǲ֪ͷǵĸĸ˶ɥʬ
Ѹĸ˶񣬱ɥʬĹ ҪҲաҶˣʵҲ֪ô㶫Ǽġ
ƨˣʣµҲʲȥˣְѽ۵˹˻ȥ
Ӱ칫¥Ҷͩؼҡ
ݽ˵ν̫үүԭֻǸģƽʱżҲ鷢˵Ǽ崫ĩǸ̫үүӼѳһżȻͶĹ
ʱӵ˶ܻţ˱ɥʬ˶ɱֻǹвȥ̫үү
ҶãǸͷʩչ󷨣ӦþǴνĹżѧġ
صУưԺëиСдչȥӽԣȻưͲûиСиһӵתˡ
һе°ҶҴҽݣ룬ҲȫֵͲ˵ؽѡ
ʱͷõĶһװ飬һǹס
û֮ͱصúúõģԭûô⣬ʱôһ˵ҶΣգҪǱ˵ȥһͷɱˣǾˡ
ҪΣ̫࣬Ҫһ˵Ƚϰȫĵط Żкܶ˿Ʋסжħӡ
װȷʵӣʱҶõҲûΪͷŪ¹ŵװأڿ
ֻƤϵĹֲʶҶƲƲƿ
ʬһ񡭡롭ʲôдôģŶͼֽõľҪɶӵ״иͼǰɣûῴ󡭡Ҷֻ˼ҳֽͷۻˣָܶ
Ҳ֪ͷôģ˵ǺĻӣѵÿѧо
Լ֮ Ҷͺķ˷ֺƺ̫һ
ôźеϵҶͩ˵ͷ᲻Ҳ⣬ǰԼ˼ϹڣԲŪǸ캦󷨣
ౣͩԴ⡣
ĻͲˡҶ°룬ŵһߣãʼоⶫ
Ӳ̵ģҲʲô
ͩҲչ˿̽ԵѧŰҶӣצӣáצã죬ɶӦûС
ҪҸԣҶ룬顣
ˣñ˰ɣ
ౣͩҲŴӵؽܳĴ
ĻļҶ϶ãܾѼҲãԼҵĲˡ˵ײһ˵ҲûоԼҼǣڶѧưҪˣˣƢȺļһĳЩԽԽˡ
Ҷȥ˵ѡ˸Ჱӵܲܲڽ䣬ǡиʯͷûŲܲѿʱʮּѣʼ͸ˣڲᲱӣ״ر֣óѾݲˡ
ˡҶܲ˳ܻصؽѡ
ౣ֪ͩһɫľͷϸϸģ˻ͦ⡣
ľľģҶҲʶźɫľͷܲ˸˳۵ĵط˽ȥ
ó鿴˿оðհԷλȷʱҶ̫ῴʶǾͺܲˣʱǴ죬ǣԷλʲôģĵ֪ʲôطܲ˸ط
ĺҪУҶܲģܾõǱ򾣬˼Ʋš
ɰ󷨰Ҷǵɰģв٣޵ɫʱʰʱΪⶫ̫ãҶˡ
°Ҷ˿ײͼֽ
ౣͩҲץһСëʣմɰ˵㡣
ѰײܲΧųԼľѪˡ
ҹڵַǳľѪҿ϶ûУǿ¿ĭˡҶ
ͩҲŴȥſҪ£ָæó졣
Ҫ»ˣʶյŸҲ˿ĭ
ӵؽѳԼĻ£ҶԼҲ̫ˣҪܳɹ˵ǸšҪǲɹǲȻô
¶Ժ󣬰ҶкưڳԵġ
±ëӣҪǰҶ±㼦
ļιĺãֶɢţͨļµĵ¸ĸ⣬İҶ˳ԼԣǾͼ˳Բ˼ʣµķž˻仵
Լ֮ǰҶֵͲſ
һЩܾѵʱǱģرǿǳ״̬ҲǿзֻּҪһʱܺ׷ֱ
ҶЩȥѷʱǱ켦С
ౣͩҲԱ߿צС̲ס˿ڿˮϲԳÿζܳԺܶš
ѡͿʼ֮óһЩۼʼ±
Ҷոǧǿ˸绰ջͰװҵûУ㲻ʲô¶ûɣ˰ɣ
ûСǧǿе飬ֱܿǿӲҸҵˣʲôʱҪҸ͹ȥ
ھҪ͵ڡزῪƳ·Χ˰ɣҶЦʡ
Ǳ߹˵绰ǧǿܾԼҲûӡ
׼׼ȻҪˡҶ


47 
Դʶǧ֮󣬰Ҷ֪ˣǧǿǸ͵ԼʵǸսսӦ൱һ죬ӵս죬ͩս졣
Ǵǧǿܳ嶯Ĵ˳ܴһԭǧ𪣬ҪȻǾԲҳŵġ
Ҷͩһڴڵˮ׮ϣǰɽ·
ౣͩڸװܶγҶ˵ˣУԼѡһʳţʱСҪѧ˵˺
צ̫һСľ˺ϡã𣬻ȼ
ౣͩȥСҶ
֪ˡҶʳ𿪣ԼҲһԡ
ʳǰ棬ͩſڴӺ棬ֽ˲צӣ쵽ʳץʳɿسš
Χżбðͩһɱٻʪɾצӣʳ
ǰһװɥʬҶ̧ͷ˿ɥʬ·İӦǴӱĵطεģΧɥʬӦѾɱĲˡ
ͣڴڣǧ
Ҷ̲ס࿴ۣǰϴѧʱԼĳͺϳŮˣ֪еĺ󻹻˵ڣʵ˭үǣǧھ͸ϴԱŮ˻ѾԱķˡ
֪ҪջͷУ˺ܶʳƷװҲкܶࡣǧЦ
ǧǿӳֵҸרŰҵģҪлҸ硣
ౣͩȻԽǧǿļĶ䣬ɱһ򾡣
ǧǿ˶סû˵ĸںȥ˰Ҷҡ
ҹĺܺã߶ˣģָġҶָָԺӽҸ˸ԱҼұ켦жʮСʱأģɶ¶С
ˡϹҡҡβ͡
ǧǿԺĲ۷Ź⣬Ҷȥٸ칫¥Ǳ߻ԵģǧҲںУѾܾûԲˡ
ǰԷֻ⣬ӲԲˣԸԲˣҶӶС
ŪһЩ±ë±򵥰װһȥ̯Ǳ߻㶫ҶֵĶ࣬Ҳʰ
ëҪǲܣȳ˻ժɹɴ棬ǻƶˣĥУҶڣҲûǸϡ
ԺܵɶģǰԺҲһ£һָ棬һȫŪˮģȳ
ջܺãװҲȷʵǺõģë±˰װһ𣬶ܿ졣
ŪЩҶһЩԼԣóһЩʳģԼ㷹
Լķое壬Ҷ뻻ζ
ųͷȥ˺Ժͩںıĸš
ڵҶЩƣ˵ĺĴ󣬰ſˡͩۺҶ˷ŵҪҶԡ׶ˣۣԲˡڼ
ౣͩӦţ࣬צȥж۵ĺҶٵŷŵ
ȰҶæͩҲ㹻ĺҶ
ǧư͵ĳնܲ˿˿عϣ⳴Ҷһ˺ײˣһʵġ
ź㣡ǧǿ̲סˮˡ
ƽʱʲôҶӸͩвˣ˶ûӣŰҶУſʼԡ
Ҽ׷ȣȣҪôǷ棬ҪˡֵеĶˣ࣬յľͷҲ࣬Щ̲סˣ׼ȥRܲѵʲôжܲ˵ģȥ˼ǧǿֵ⻹ۿģϸĶСʲôװ溰úİ˼ҵţŮװͶ϶ֵġ
ͷĶ𽥼٣ûˣȫҲûˣòķӡ
ֻÿ˵һҶҲöԴָָ㣬Ͼֻһˣ˵Ĵ
ͷڵǴȥ˳Ұë±ȥٸǱߣ̯ӵС֪ôҶ
СǧǿһظӦš
Լսʶ֪ͩͣҶͨԺ̬ȾıˣϸǲҶԵܣά
ǧǧǿҶȥ˺ء
ֺڳһЩʣµĸͷСһĺڳĿɹɺɣհװ֮ͬóȥ
¶ưһ˵ưҲͬ⣬˱һɡ
Ǳë±ȥСϴϣϰģҳһζر㡣ɶʶЩڵĴץ˰
ñǧǿˣæϵҶǸ̯ӵСǲ͵ˣ
ҶҲȥ˿ַ˷СķԼ¼͵û͵ԣǴѡ㿴˵ҵĲ˸Ĳһ٣кôء
˵СҲǸ˲š
ʱҶΪˣĶҫʵģޣСأųĶǹ棬һ۾Ϳǿ֣ɷϵĹܳɹ
˲ãǧǿðҾܺʲô˳Ĳõġ㿴Щͼ
ʮŽͼ˵ĴˣӺͦġ
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ҲУ˵ļǮǲ䡣ʱҶô˵ġ
ǧǿĵȷ˲ЧãҶǸǰ̬һ
ֻȻɽǰԲ¶˶ˣɥʬУֱֲҶĲеãƺҲôˡ
ըӳ԰ɡҶ룬еԲˡ
ܲӣըĳۣ΢һ̣ʲôԣֻӰҶҲܳԱ
⼸ҶûţһչϹ˳ϰܣһҲΪͩ
ǧ𪲻ջõһЩڲϢ
Lĳ¼ڰģֻͩ飬ǰҶֵͩʮײУЩȽͨ˺ˣһЩµˡ
ɽһγɽģֻĩˡ
ǧ˵ɽҲɽǸͷʵĪ⣬ٱζܽġ
ҶϴɽصظԼѣʱͷʲôֻû˵ɡ
ҪǶͩģ϶
۳ãҶӸ͸
ǰԺưڴˮˮһ·˳ǰԺ󣬵Сͩżͷոշı켦жˮԱߣ۾Ŀš
⼸ͷշСпˮе㺦£ͣˣܷӦ
ౣͩһ࣬Сצӵˮ˽ŤͷСǣౣ
ߴСлǺܺ£צӡ
ౣְͩצ쵽ˮȻ쵽СǰǿԼצһ仯ûУ¡
ٸɣ֮


48 
ౣͩ˦˦צӣļǽһ
СǶʱɢѾʵصСǸͷС֪ܵȥˡ
ͩׯצ׼ȷץס͸ɴ
ʱսʿǰŰװʱ򣬽͹ɴҲԴ ͩʱͶԱ߾۾ؿţʱɴɴ˳ȥͷɴˡ
ʦ֣ôﲻʲôöͱɽһЩֱߺ׷ͯյͷС࣬ȥԼĪӿڵרôӭӣ
ɽ񡣡ɽԻͷ᲻ص
ౣͩڲ񱼣űԵ
ǰͻȻ֣вٱɳɽԻͷΧ·εһܿȫ
ͩצץű򾣬ܿɱǰ塣
ܵԱһϣСץƤֱܣƽءۿŷɿس˵ߣԲˡ
ʦ֣ȥ
ȥɣСĵ㡣ɽԻͷûֹ
ɽ˵ûüתͩʹ洹ֱ£͵̧ͷʶȥͩһצӲϣݵĲӺ档
Сݺݵºף˺󣬷һ˲ϲ򿪴˽ȥ
ǰ̲ӹɽ˵׼ˣûʼأͱͩСȵе¡
ͩĳȻСǡܴģСС˸ܵȾ͸ˡ
ౣͩһ·˲ׯڷɱһֱܵҶߣȥϡ
Ҷͩ˿ûˣŷģ̫ͩˣЩû˵㾹ȻҲѧˡ
ʱţҶǲò֣һʱǡҶαװţڶţĸưͣģҶԼܵĸ̫࣬Ҫйţ
һɱˣûеĶŻµȷ侲һ㶼û׼ݡ
ʱҶԼһ£Լ̫̫ѪͲҼˣһԼʵǸô죿ˡ
ʱֵʱҲû뵽ԼšţĲӾȻô˳ʵɱ˲ôףǻˣҲܽӲҪɾܺɱ
˲һ
ͩſԱ߿ţʱҲûֳʲôҶû뵽ҲѧˣղͩǸ˲Ӻ棬óĺ׵ʱ򣬰ҶȻ亹
ͩոûšĲӣһ
ֻʱҶҲûѵͩΪУŰҶѧϰûдǰҶԼûǰ˵ѡ
µȻ˵ǳȥǡҶͩСԴǵĵϣ˵ġ
ӲҶֵǰԺϴ֣ٴӴųȥ
˻ԭأֻɽɫܲÿͷԻ˵ģƵģͩڰҶϹʱŭĿӡ
ʲôʲô£ʲôˣΪʲôҼͩҶͷʡ
ౣͩҲŽС
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һԲϾͿ򣿡ҶڿƵɣҲǵ£ʲôɽĵʲô
һʼ¶ҵǹٸˣû֯ɱɥʬټ춯
ǵļƻʲôһӶ˵ĶʻܹϳɳͩĴڣڰҶ۶ʶǻģǵһ̫񣬰Ҷ˳ۣ˽ڣǾͶ־ǡ
ûһɽʲôţֻǸͨˣҲԼѵġҶ˭ǿ
ߣөҲԣɽ嵽ǰ棬ʦ֣ҽѵѵ֪С֪֮󣬲ĿΪΪģ
˵ţɽڿƣʮֹŹֵĶ
ҶĶҲ֪ҪʲôУܸоΧʲô仯ˣ·˷磬ַ·ǱĶ۵ɽΧΪá
Ҹ㣡Һܾûˣ칫¥ǱߵӦö֪ǾҶԸģҶһ㲻֣һ־ȲѣǧҪԹңⶼǱƵģ
˵ɽûԼ
ҶѵĲˣٴδһͩ󣡡
ౣͩڰҶǰңССĺڶ۽Ķɽ
۸ɶũ϶ûмӣָͷϸϸģƤְףҶ˫չԼҶƬʱ򣬿ȥͦÿ
һۣʮöʮö
˦ҶƬҶûȥŤͷɽԻͷʣͷǲҲ붯֣ҽƴһƴԣܴܲù㣡
ɽȻзҶҶƬƣ䣬ټͩһצץɽ·Ťͷȥ׷Ҷȥˡ
һҽѹźɽɫǺԭӲš
ɽԻЦŰҶַǰٸ
ˡҶ˲ָҶƬ
ͩӺ׷ڰҶűߣؿͷʱȥڶûأҪʲôա
ɽ֡ɽԻȻ
ʦ֣ɽɫǺ죬Ųӣ˫ӹŹֵƣӲ֡
ҶͷɽˣӲţüԼ֣ǾҪʦܲܶҵֶΡʵ˵˰ɣҶƬɳȥҿƣȻģͣѵܸȻ
ס֣ɽԻ¶һ˿ء
ʱѾ߹ͩͰҶ֮ŷ֣ǵ͹ˡ
ٸǱߵϼ¼ǣҶӵбֲܣȴû˵ϸͩҶÿ칫¥ͩʱͩ˽Ҷ֪͡
ŲһĿٶ࣬ҲǱ˵ĸо
ʱͩǰҶɽԻȷȷʵֻǾܵͨˣ˻еٶȲ죬ܼһһȴһֺΣյĸо
ӲӲȥ˭ֲá
֮ǰɽԻʲôˣܺģҲԲĶ֡
ȥҿɽԻ
Ҷ°룬ʵ̫ŹֵȥԼҡɽã¶ǸһȿԼֲԼĶֻ֣ܸŭԣɽԻͲصñȽˣҶȻ͸
ͷŵĺ⣬ҶܾⲢɽԻͷȫ˼صúãԼһĸо
ĸоҶܲˣʣղҼ֣ܶҵҶƬ𣿡
ɽԻϵıһûͷҲûҡͷ
Ҷ˼ˣǾǲȫô˵Լôһ˿ʤġ
ˣǼһҵĺͿȥҼˡ˵


49 
Ժ￴ɣ˸ϽߡҶҼҲӭǡ
ౣͩҲ˻С
ܵԺһɤӣһȺſϢСǳһֻͷҪϼĶˣ˼һǻëš
֮ͩ󣬱ɽԻͷɽԱߣһ˫˫ڶ۽ضǡ
ʦ֣߰ɣɽúûӣʲôʱЩŹ
ɽҪŭͷԡûЩѲͨı춯Ǳɸ߲εĴ𣿡ɽԻ鵭ģ̧ǰȻתɽЩֻܱȵϹٸǱġ
ɽһʼûע⣬ʱŤͷЩǿ
˶ԼǼĵɴ۾ǿͷǸ۾ɵĸͬƵģȻΪոճ̫ʳûס˸ãðһ΢ɼĻǡ
Ȼۣɽȴˣһ𣬲ŵؿɽԻ
ɽԻͷصĵ˵ͷ㿴
ﻹһЩҶ˿ԡ
֮гƬŵϣˮȶȰѺƬɡҪһֱջ𣬻עˮոɣЩư͸ɵģһûͣ¹
ԱһЩõĺɣҶ˼ƬŵװУջڣڡ
Щ˻ߣҳȥк˿ˮУҶ̧ͷ˿˻ûߣеơ
볹׵ˣҲ㽻ãԲ̬ȡ
ͩǲͳȥģı켦ҲܡҶ˵˲Ѿҵĺˣҵʳ߲Ҳǣԭ򡣡
ˣǴôɽԻͷȻֱһףüĿģͷ켦ǰɣǸôжɽڵţ׽Ķܸ㻻ô
ʱʶҶı켦 ɽԻɽıע⣬̫ͩڿҶϵ̫ãҶͩͩҲụ̀ܽǲ˶ΣŪһֻЩ켦лȥҪŪ͸ˡ
УҵĺСҶ˵ţó˿˿ЩˣԶǺ
ֻˣҶ˿
Ǳǧǿɤر󣬡ҶˣƬо˺ܶ࣬ҪֻкɫƣոƿûõСУҸҲͬ⣬ȷŵǱţҼﻹЩ£
ֻʾǧǿղźҲǧǿ֡
˼˵ѡüˡ
ҶĬƬ̵һȽϸӣȫͬġ
ɽ۱úܱӡ
УɡҶҲԼո˵˺ãһӹȥԼˣԼҲΣʵǧǿҪԼҲͰˣǧĵܵܣǧϹԼңҲȷʵԼ
ౣ̧ͩצӣڵдһѧ⡣
ɽԻʶͷĬʮ˼ųԶټȥʮڼ
һ㲻
ౣͩͷ˿ԼҲᣬצӲˣʮżˡ
ǲҲҪˣɽԻͷȻӦôͩˣеģεĿһ̧ͷҶ͡
ȡҶͩԴɫRݣǰЩϷHݡʣµĳҲкü᧿Σɥʬ̫죬ȴûжɥʬɱǡȷʵˣôʲôأ
Ҷ֪ĵһ£ټ춯
أ֪
㶮ʲô´ƣ󻹻иϾ·ҪȻΪʲôɽɽΪֻɱɥʬһ˰𣿡
ûôΪҶҡͷֻǾܹڶں棬Ūʲô춯ôԺɥʬɥʬﱬǲҲҪ̺ôУ
ЩŪʲô춯Ϊ˺ô
ҪͩģܳΪܴڰҶ˵ֵǣʱɽԻɽı֣ͩҲȷʵֵۡ
鲻˵ɽԼˡ
ˣɽԻȻڣŰҶ۾ʣôģ
ԣҶ̹ȻɽԻͷ۾
ɽԻͷ˱ۣڵɥʬôͨ˾Ϳɱ˶ɱɥʬ治ôɥʬˣûУHΪʲôݣRΪʲôݣػˡ
ҳ˵ĺеֻһˣֻܿ޵ˣԲԣԼ뷨Ҷҡͷֻʲô֪Դ㹻ˣ˵ЩҲûȥı䣬Ҳȥǹ񡣡
ĩУ˵Ŀ궼Ϊ˻ȥ ڱôҶܲˣֻܹܹԼѡ
˫ɢҶ˵ˣҪܵӮңܴӺȥҪȻȥɱٸɥʬɡ
˴⣬ɽЩʦ֣С̫ʶ̧٣Ǹ̨ˣҲû׷ҡ
ʵ˭ףץĲԼģЩĶԼġɽԻͷɽߣһĶܽԶԶؿȥƵģߣɱɥʬ
ʦ֣
ɽĪꡣѵûСӿɲʲôͨˡ
˵˽нԶӷ·ȥɱɥʬƵġ
۵ˣҶȥԺֻƵļץϰ˷ɫ˿֪𣿴ӽ쿪ʼҪúѧϰҪ˱˼ҸҶ
ౣͩĵŸɾҶȥСǰ档
СƺҲʶʲôˣԹſͩС
ͩһӣݸֽǦͷСУȻԼ׵ĸɾҶˡ
عϸɺĲ࣬ҶæװװȥϲʱͷǧǿѡеļУüһȻץǦͷڲݸֽϻ˺öȦ
صҶ˸˿˺ܶףԼɹĸر
ưʹŰҶ·Ų˷ŵϣȥϴ֡
Ҷ򿪹ÿӲгһһķŵֱ򵥣ǵú׵ƽ׹עưó
ԷԷҶͩвˣ˱ڼﻹϰ߰ɣֻܲһֱưͣ㿴ĸɡ
ʱҶʹưԭʲôԼû˵ֻ˵Լͽư͡
ǰĻ̫ãưͲټҶҲûǿ󣬴ʱ˵£ưԼ֣Ҳˡ
ҹУͦõģԺͽɣͷȥͺɣܲܰǱ߱дµҵܵܰɡҶ
ҹ˵ͷ ͷԷ
ϢҶصصͩ
ͩϣ˲צӣ׼ſͷ˯ŷְҶȻûţɻҲԴҶౡ
˵˵¡Ҷûи㽲˼Ʒ½Σ


50 
Ϲ˼Ʒ½εͩȥ仯󣬵ϸ۲졭ǿ̫̫仯ģٴɽͩ϶ѧŰҶԸţֱɱ֡
Ϊ¼ҶͩԼãЩֵļ֡
ⷽҶо飬ǰѧʱдǻǧֵĳƪֻǶ֣򵥵ĺܡͩͲһˣУûмʲô
糿ϣͩпվſҵϣץǦͷʱддȻְƤԼдò
Ҷ͵͵˿־͸ǰԼдҵƵģһЩ͸Ƶģȫôش𰡡
ǵһΣҵοˡҶΣԼļͩ
ౣͩʮָмܿοдԼļ顣
˫֮ղ´εʱҪóġ
ҶֻҪܴ߷ͻ᳤úܿ죬ҲƬҶӳÿ죬ͳرˡ
ౣܹͩȥƬҶӶ
ɶʰˣҶһЩԼԣʣµȫװţгϡسŰҶ൱ǸɽܲöԸϴȻǳû׼ĿɽԻͷͦز¶ģСһȽϺá
ʵαװա
ǰҶҶƬһ㣬۾еСȧԸߣŴ˳ϲĴȹӵʮ긾Ů
ͩòҶӼ֭Ⱦɫһͷֺɫķ
ҹ鷳㿴ҡҶ˻֣гš
˰칫¥㳡ɲɵģҶȻֿɽɽԻˣ˿ȥƺЩۣҲ֪ʲôˡ
ǣбˡ
ŻɫӣõǶͷеɫֵܣɽԻǰ档
Ҷк棬оӦøɽԻһˣɴгȥαװĸŮһЩǺܰԵġ
ʲôջûУϾͻӭڶξ䣬ʱܸʲô
ɽŲӵòǹܣҵʲôˣ
ģצֻ࣬ҪԼӵܲսһĻɫưֻϺܳͷֵܾ˳ҹȥġ˲֪ܲҿԸǣͷЩ춯ȫټ
ҰǿˣLһֻ԰ɣǿȥҪͷǱȱȡ
ʱҶſ˽ű߻һܴӣǵ̫󣬸ڵסˣӰҶպȫ
ŻƷһֻβͣһ׶೤Ĵëʰ쵣ӵתֻ˸޵
о·ͩҪҶæְס
ֻĵ³ҶȻúܲá
LǸģûϵٹ¡ɽɫһ䣬ȻһֱûӴ磬ⶫֻҪ˽ҲǼ£Lͷı춯ͩĪ
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˵תҪߣɽԻһֱ۾û˵ɽŭԡ
ҪԼͩ⣬ҶܲίɤӴ󺰣ιǵȵȡֻҿź죬ѵģأ
˶סһͷǰҶʱмǻܣ֪ġ
үǣˡɽǸҪĻãҪģ϶óԵͷ
ֻǸܸߵ죬ȻޣҲȹ˺üΣʱٸټ춯˻ԼҲԸĽȥ
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ҶЩǸʲôң֪˵ʵҲԴС
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ֻΪɽСɽﳤǶɽȻҲŮˣǱȽ٣ԡ
ôô鷳磬ﶯ𣿡
Lǵİ칫¥㳡кܶ˿ءҲ㶯֣˵һЩˡ
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˵ž붯֣ҶгûͣȥһѶӣٵгˡ
˶û뵽ҶӣǻΪѷѿ࣬ԼҲܽˣû뵽Ҷе
׷
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˶ˣ׷ȥٶޱȣգۼͿҪ׷ϰҶгˡ
ֵܣðվ㣬ɵøҵӰҶ˵ţӷڳϣԼҵ˺ĻƷ
ղŰҶһǶһǿֻĵ۰ʾټͩܿٸҶ͵͵һͨ˾
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צȷʵ˲˺ϡãķȥץˣʱѷ֡Ҷɲͣ£ͷ
ȥô䡣Ҷȡ
ͲץѪһҧͳһŻƷȥʮֹ졣
ãҪˣˣܣһתܣųɿذθߣ˲ɵĲӰ
û׷ģŤͷҶһҧгݡ
лú˵лú˵ǶԼģܶͨ˶֣ѵ뱳ܳͷ𣿡ɽ󺰵
ߣҵţеǷ㲻֪ʧҵүݺݵ˵˾䣬ķߵķȥˡ
Ҷ˸ۣҾļ仰˭֪¡˵Ҳûɽг칫¥ȥ
ѺͽȥҶȥ˲ֿ⣬ϴţСܼ档
ͩӰҶ·Сͣػţ˲ȥȻɣǻɡ
ϰ塣ɫͩСŷӦĴԼϰ壬ٱ̫ˣ
ë±ζëûˣܻӭСó˵ˣ˵ɽԻߵͷˣʣµͽܺҲˣʲôûʳǺҪȥǸһˡ
ǺܻܵϢˣҲСѰҶԼ˲Ż˵Ҫǻ˱ˣ˵ġ
Ҷ֪ΪʲôҲǲϰݶѣѹɽԻɽȥɽԼԼ²Ϊͩ̽Լʲôɣɻˡ
ĺǺöÿ㡣Ǹү˵Ҫʲô䣬Сĵ㡣ļѡˣѧϰҵ͸͹
ллϰ塣ү˵


51 
ͩҪסүǣԺҪܶԶͶԶҶڲУĳǵ˵ģɣȻú˧һͬص㣬룬׼ˡ
ౣͩرĵͷ
Ҷ̾˿˵úõĴ˳룬ġ
ౣͩѹϰС·ԴһһεģѧǼĸģ
ѧĺܱ棬Ҷͩ
칫¥ĲڸˣˮȫˮϣͰҲֿƶģȻȽ࣬ڻ㰲ȫÿѿӶĵˡ
˵Щڰ칫￴ʲôļȥɱɥʬ˽ʱ仯ᣬľ߿϶ڵĳЩǿöࡣ
ǾûʲôΪûӴ򾡣
ϴͩץűȥ칫ңɰѴӸŻˣڶеĲģ͸ˣЧʲһĸߡ
ͩǵˡҶ̾
ιںȻ죬Էֽ𣿡
Ҷһ㶣ȻԷŪܴ֣ⲻү֮һô˰칫¥ֿ֮⿴ˣСʰһЩȡʳɶ׼ûȥԣȻͻȻڼˡ
û뵽үҲˣҲڲûֽ
㲻֪˭ɣҶɤʡ
Ǳһ㶣ˣôֽ֪Է˭ôܲãʱûҲ֪˭ֽҿһҪ󡣡
Ūһֻģֵһֻû뵽ѪLɽԻͷҫ˳㿴ֻ켦лڲڣ׼˫ϲţ켦û̵Ҳ˷ˡ
ǷĵĻǸʮĸŮ˵ʮּүԴ졣
ΪӰ죬Ӳ ȻǳˮͰһûֽҪǱﲻסˣԸȥĽҰⷽ㣡
ҾǷĵǸˡҶ
Ǳһ㶣θввɣ
ΪʲôвҲȥŮû㡣Ҷ˵ԼвҪȥŮһϽģô죿ѵҪ˵ԼѾˣ
ˣҶֽȹӡ
ˣֽңеĶԹһʹôȻô˵ϵıȴȫǡ
õֽ࣬ոȫˡҶ˺Լ·ֽҪǷģҵĶԹһʹ ȷʵԿǸõֽ
Ĭ˻Ų鲻Ըķġ
Ҷ˻ֻҶ¼ˣ뷴ڰ
棬ҶûȥֽǴһһү˵¥ĳ칫Уǰͩ·ȥˡ
칫ɽԻͷɽҲڣиƳȵˡ
ҶŽȥҿ˿û˵
ʲôɽͷһʮİҶ渾Ůʱ̫çײˣүıģʱȻҵ칫ˡ
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ѵƽʱȥֺҲǵүڲ󺰴ˣڰɡ
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ȥֽɣˡҶ˵ִҵɫܲÿæ˳ȥŹš
칫һƬƽãǳȵϵֽȥɡ
 ү巢ʲôʱֻܲɫ
ֽȥ˲ֵ֪ܲ巢ʲôеĸоʮָӣݲĵǲ̫ǰҶĸŮˡ
Ҷֱ˺£عĻ˼ҡ
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ѾΣյıֲһڶر죬ָֻС
ȷ˱֮᲻ɥʬֹԵֲ֣һõסҶԼ̫Ź֣ȷ˵ǷֱܹӶԸɥʬ
ɽԻͷǵĳҲкôԸԼ̸˵Ļ
Hǳˣ̫ԶȥҲȥˡҶ˿׼ԡ
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ͩһֱԱ߿ưڣѡ˵طܵԺౣ
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Ҷ𣿡˺
ҶȥţС
զҼˣҶüڸϵǰϵͶҶȥˣԼҴ󹫼ȥɧСҵļҶȥ֪ҵ¶֮󣬾Ͳϵˡ
Се㲻˼Ҽ˲ټԲˣզ졣
Ҷܣڰ칫¥Ǳ̯ӣֻҪ΢һ£ͺ֪ȻСǴ֪ġ
˵ҶСʣĸû
ûУҰѵŵĸ͹ϷС˸ˣʶûڡ
˸СҶǴˣܲüʳʵڲаѼ͵Ұȥ̯˰ɡһЩܾѣҰҼĸŷһԡ
ллСܸм
ӹòãʳ̫٣ֻԵֶࡣСþֻȥԼҳӳԣҶ߶иĽֻ֪ҶҪʵûˣҲ
Ҷܺ˵ӣСӴ֪ȫǱ
Ҫϸ˵ĻҶ˵ĸоеر
ˣҵĺզˣҶȻʵ
Сһ㶣Ȼɥʬ˵ҽǻš


52 
Ҷһ㶣
ҽ㻹иŮƷˣֻʣôӣҰҲáСε˵ǻ͵͵ɥʬѪǸ˶ɥʬǲһСҶҰûôͿ ֪᲻Ầҡ
һ뵽Се㺦£ȫû뵽ĸľȻܺͿ̶ֳȡ
ʱǰҶԹ壬ɱ˷İ軹˵ԼĶТ˳أǻкҪǮݳƷĸõѸĸɱ˵ģ֮治Уֻжѡ
׼ңҶСȻһڣղһСӶЦر۸еࡣ
ɣȥѼʰһ£ⶫž˾ͲˡҶҲ±հװܷŵľһ㣬ҪԸҿ԰ӹһЩ
ллСмˡ
ˣҶŸҹܣǰͬһѧû档ۼֻ󹫼۸Ǽҵļ
ںԺضǲ˿󹫼ֲȥҲͲܶˡ
Ҷ֪ǻǲ͵͵ǰԺ󹫼ˣĴ٣żһԼҴ󹫼ˡ
ϹָԽԽãȻȥǺϣѾ߶Ե͵Ķˡ
ҶÿؿϹʱ򣬶Լ·һˣ̫³֮˾ĸо
ʱϹƵߵҶߣȻͨһˡ
ڵһƵġ
ιҶȷϹԼ˵ıȽϼ򵥵Ļ̶ȸͩࡣ
ౣͩԶԭҪĵϹϡ
ϹȻһͦ˰ҶһۣƵˡ
ҶȻеͷȻ׵ǰ棬һЩǰ棬ȻеĿǮеĿǣԼˡ
Ϲ֪ôģҶĸо
žðҶǣˡ
ҪˮرˣõˮҲ࣬һֱˮˮĻסҶصذˮҳյǲͣõ磬Щ˵졣
ҹǰԺˮܣҶںˮܽء
ͩĴӰҶ˸׸˶ţӸµĿˮ
ͷȥŪװˮܶãˮѹҶһĵأ۵ĲУڵͷЪϢ
켦ȫӵܳëʪĶڰҶΧһߴߴһ߶ϵëɹɹ̫
ЩһͩĴ£ڿ˷ܣôˮˡ
ǰԺЩͨļлˮҶҲûǿ㳹׷ָҪԴˡ
ౣͩȻԶС
Դдֺͩѧˣѧɱ˵ǿİе㼤
ƽʱ˵ʱͩǾԲֹܳģİˣҲҪΪܶԼİȫܵвôͿԳצ
ͩԾԾԡ
ֵܣǳȥɡҶ̾˿֪ǻ
ɽԻͷɽֶλȽº͵ģ̲סֵܾ̽͸ܴԼˣǻŪ˱ġ
ţҶͩҶʣɶ
ԣ
ҪʲôôҿԿǿǡ
ֵͬʱڡ
Ҫ̸ˣҶʲôȱǾܿʲôĶʲôĶûջ󣬹ĻҲȤ
ҪܰеĶ׸ңҿԿҲңҳ
ߣˡ
ֵܴܿ󣬺Ҫ󣬰ҶӦøж´ӦƵġ
һԲϡҶ̾ΪʲôͲºһأ˵ĶôҲɣ
Ѿºˡ˵үüͷ壬һֱܲ˳ǱĶˣȥûֽ
֮ǰɽԻͷСĵ㡣
ҶǸͨˣҪûֻ춯СûˣôڳôЩ
ãҶȫǲҵôı춯Ӧóûɽ˴ùϵһŶԣʲôֵأֱ˲
˵ɣҶʡ
ǵȻҸ磬˵ĻҶáԵһԾŶ˵ȥĻԲı䣡

ֵһ¡
Ҷͷˣóֻҵ¼ʼš
ҷģĶԹһʹú
滹аҶɤӵǾô˵˰Ұֽȥ
ֵһ㶣Ҷʮ̽͸һɹ죬һʣ㡭ʲôˣ
ʲôˣ˵ǲ˵ģòãҶ˻ֻ˵رֱ׳
ֻͷƤһըôҲû뵽ǸʮĸŮҶйϵ̲ס²⣬ǲһ԰ɣҶøŮƵģһҲ̫۾ˡ
˵ȥĻóȥˮǷġ
ãӵصͷ
ǾͺãһжԹһʹҶ˿ǱҼͩˣܵġֻĿˣ͹ԡ
ɽԻͷ˵ĹȻûѹһͷϧƺˣЩɷ
磬ô죿
ɣѾ̻ˡȰ֣ҪҽʲôˣԺɳΪħͷΪһˡ
ֵһһ˵ţҶÿֶȻͨܲ׼һӴζôЩأ
֪ͩ˵Լ˲Ҷգ͵͵ؽУౣ
ͩԴҶȻһ¡
ͻȻͨˡ
˵ͩɷӦԼɱţʼͩͱˡ
ĩʱˣ»ǲɱĻҶûܻȥһ㣬Ҳͩ仯ˡ
ԺͩıħͷôҲ϶ͩ硣
̬ڵĺܸߣһӸֵָҶкȻһŭɽԻɽʱҲһһ޼䣬Ҷɵӡ
֮һ߸ϵ̬·ָ㽭ɽƸƵġ
Щʲô߰ģҶϡ֪Ҫʱ̸ֽǺܴΪ
ͩϣҶºͣҵΪֹû϶֣ԭΪǷģˡƫƫϰݣҲֻܶˡ
ΰҶûиǾ棬ֱӳֶ֣Σ
ͩ·оҶһ·֦ɱ֪ôĶ˶¶ȼ棬СƵķɳȥ
ӭƷͩûֹͣǼȥ
ƷȼͩƷɵֵǰ̧ݺݵһǵһˡ


53 
ͩȫһĽҶͷƤһը
лʮöҶƬҪӳȥҶתͩ
ౣͩڰзţϵĻʧ䵽ҶУ˲֣ٴε
У򵽵ϡ
Ҫһ㣬ҧԭأһ˫۾ƿͩȻϲŭֽܳΪս⣡
ౣͩҶţݵĿֵܡ
ԭ絴Ȼ޴棬ʮǱϵĻۺʮֲͬѰȻǵֵ˴󲿷ҶƬ
ңΪͩĻץӣƺƻĳ󷨣
˹Ȼһ㣬ҪǻˣôҶƬ˦ȥǵȥ
ɣǲǴδôôǣҶٸһ˵һ¸ղŵĻ
ֵо
֮ǰɽԻͷ˵ҪСİҶͩǧҪСǡʱɽԻͷЩϣôðҶҪСģһЩԾһȣҶ˵ʩˡ
ܵ˽ѵĽǲԸ׸Ŀڡ
Ҷϸ˿ͩûд󰭣ŷģ߹ȥ˵Ҷ֪ˣڿˡ
˶һۣˡ
ߣȻ԰ڳһ̬֪Ҷͩʵף㲻̬ͬˡ
صУҶͩ㿴¹ʲôʱ˻ǶӲġǲ֪ʵʱһ̬ȣ֪ҵʵ֮һ̬ȡ
ౣͩͷ
ӰҶûţǰΪ˶ٸټ춯Ҷ˳ȥôЩ£ͨˣܻڼš
ְȫУԼڳԵġ
ԺӽʰҶͰҹһѶǽʯḩ̂˾ţ֮Űʯĥװãľ֧ţͿĥˡ
ֻղ͵ĻӣĥۺϸҶҲֹˣͷ桢桢ȵȣȫһԶĻϵһĴ
ʯĥƵ㶹ӣĥУĥ㶹㶹ڶͷԣں㶹£Сһء
ҶĥΣԡ
ؽֳɵ⣬Ͼܲӧ²ˡײʲôģʼݵĸɲˣüϡ
ζ㣬Ϊﲻô⻬
۶ǴүǣҲںЩŪ˳ԾͳɡҶİڣģǷƽ׹ӣе죬ˣٷŵ濾
Ŀرִ࣬۵֭رóԡ
һŵҶ溰ͩԱˣ
˺һûҶò죬ҪƽʱֻҪһɤͩͿ϶֣ôˣ
˸Լһ߳һȥԺתһȦϹһ
ǰԺûҶȥ˺ء
ԶԶؾͿͩ׸ϣǵڶֵģиİҶϰܻмд߷Щ׾ͳرߣкȺ
һֵ׶ѾˣҶֵͲ࣬ټϹȥҲͦˣڣˡ
ౣͩݵĴС
ԵķǰҶרŸ󹫼ļѣ̫Ⱥƽʱ˳Ծ˯ǰϲռĸµѣҶںˡ
ҶȷͩԼˡ
ม󹫼ڼ棬ӣ˸
ౣͩҲѧŴ󹫼ģ쳤˲ӣʮִĽһ
Լеֱͩ󹫼
ԼҵóǦͷ溺ּƴдһ仰󹫼
󹫼ͷһû
ͩҵǦͷʮֺġౡؽ˼תˡ
ɵƯҶһڿ佱
˿佱ͩˡ
˰ҶĻӲö֪ԼʵУͩ룬սӹɣǿģôѧһЩ֣бҪô󹫼֪
ŰҶͩȥǰԺ󹫼ЩͷɥΪĿ
ΪһֻĴ󹫼ҸצٲȻһĴˣôôأ󹫼֪ǰԺЩСҲͩѧϰЩ⣬Ҳѧ
ԼԺЩʮҪȻȴûѧʵ̫ˡ
Ϊֵ˵ʲô䣬ҶпվЩ¶
ʼϵһЩϢܱģǱȽѪȵͼƬȵȣڹٸ𽥷˿ƣ˿ϸɵĳԡ
һ˵ٹһʱ䣬ܻᱬһδģɥʬ˳ֲҲٱ졣
˵ʲôʱ䣬Щʿ֪ĸֻ࣬Ϲ͸¶Ϣ
Ҷָͷ㣬ԴȷĩʼȻѾȥüˣ·𻹾컹ǺƽƵġ
ϵIDֻһܶǰرԾIDʧԶ֡
ЩͳɥʬǣطľĻŵˣǻɱֻΪһڳԵġ
ĳлûݣԶݸӲпᡣ
LǺˣһʼоפЩҪµ˸۶ӣֻȥĵط˵۵Rǡ
ЩȽƫƧûоפĳоûôˣһʼҵġ
ҶϵһЩͼƬ¥մѪľˣһʳľȻĿ档
ɥʬȺӵεŸζ
ʼҶȥɱɥʬССĻһѣʵǸ˴򽻵ûȥֳľ;Ļ
ٻͷԼңҶȻãаһĴˡ
ɥʬҲб򾣬ǶвԼԸֵأںܶĽˡ
ŰΧɥʬɱһɱɡҶҲֻܹܹԼĶɱɥʬġܲҲܲˡ
ҹóҵɿд֡
Ҷһ ˣ˵RǰǵƥĲȥõŹٸǱ֯Сӣʱӵһ𣬰ȫбϡȥһ㶼ڣǰɥʬսʿǶأǵΣղġ
ҹͷ һЩϸڡ
RǱ߻һȺˣǸ߼ɥʬˡҶRݵףˣ϶һ³
˵һЩŰҹʣҶεͩϹ˵ء
ΪҹǸưͣҲ˵ڶ۾ʹƽʱд֪֡ôģͩȤϾҰҹҵд֣ûҶһʼҲ֪ǽɶ
ȥü֮󣬰Ҷ֪ԭͩϹĸҹRǵ¶ˡ
͸үϲţһֻ·һ򾣬үǶܴԼԱ߻гȴŮΧۣԼǽһ䡣
ͩҲǸүǡ


54 
ΪͩѧүţҶرעһ£ʡСĳˡ
ǵϢʱ򣬰ҶصȥԺ˼ˮܲܲӧͶԣˮܲϴɾгɿȥݿͩͰҹ
ͩõĲݸֽƽʱùģѧ⣬ʱдֽˣԸĲ˷Ҷûѹʲô
ౣͩץǦͷддһצСǰһƣҹ
ҶҲŴչȥۡ
һֽϴϽǿʼд˼ƴһЩţҶԼܿ˵ӦǵڶȥRǣʱͩСӳֿȥǸɥʬԺӡ
ͩһЩɥʬһɱԲ򣬼ŤŤܴ壬Ҫǻ ͩԲͱȽԲҲƽԼؽڵȵط
ҹһˣҲҵд֣һЩȽƧģ꼶Сѧģƴ
ԱϷͩùСѧһ꼶ĿΣȻҹĿԴʱܸͩĳͨ衣
ˮܲɣζġҶԼ˼ƬȥϢˡ
ǲǾһЩϢ֣ееļ٣ҶÿѨ磬ȻĳϢǾ˵ֹɽԻͷҳбˡ
ԼЩȳֵĿģӦþټ춯ҸٸʲôЭ飬ҪȻٸôϡ
LߣͩɧҶ뿪Ҳû ģûϢҶҲͲôˡ
СϵʿиŹֵ˳֣ɽԻͷˡҶС棬Щټ춯Լ˺ôһӦҪԸɥʬɥʬ˰ɣ
ౣͩϣܵͷԱ׼ſ¡
ӴˣҶЦҲֻˣ˯
컹ûֻˣԴĩ٣ϰ಻ѧӦ꣬žĿ꣬Ҷ趨ӣÿ춼˯Ȼѡ
ʱֻˣҶûӦͩۡ
Դ굽ͷ棬צӰһֻֻͩǰ棬ıעֿ˰Σ̧צӽ˵绰
Ҷ֪ͨҪȥRǣ׼һ¡ǱûΪҶ⣬˵ȥ˲һиǲټʶܲܰסᣬͿˡ
ౣͩͷȻ˵绰
ȰҶ𴲣Ϳͷиݸֽ˿ͩдƴ֡ͼȵȺ壬˼׿ס
ֿ˿ͨ¼Ҷʱˡ
ٸôˣξȻԼ˼ˡ
Lǰ칫¥Ǳ߿̯ӣ̯ӵСˣҶԼҲڳ칫¥ΪŸıģ˵ȥˡë±͵عϸɵȵȣܴһֶЩڲˡ
϶кܶ˶֪¡޸ĹϵʱȻ¸¶
ҶζЦЦͦǿģȻûɶ£ӪҲпѧϰĵطȻҶѾˡ
糿ˡҶеعϷŽȥҪţҲڼһɣҲܳȥ
ҹͷ
ҲԸĻ䣬ԸŰҶȥ
ţµӰѾ𽥵ĵףҹԼˣܹҶɽԻͷүЩʱȻܹ·磬ܴӮðҹãҶֶصʡ
Щ뷨ҹҪ˵Ҷ϶ԥķһԲϴЩˣȻӮˣǹ̲ûˬкô
ҪڳһЩ˷ŵƻУʲôʵȵȣհװë±ԼعϸɣҶһЩм˺ǵ׼š
ܷһ޴䣬ǳʵķˮ
ҹЩֶдˣŰҶȻ
ŶЩȥҪɱɥʬʲôģҪڡҶ͵ҵܱȽ⣬ܻ嵽ǰ棬㲻ãʱȫĵطھˡΪûˣҲܶˣͻҲΣա
ҹæͷͩʱȷʵ˴¡
ͩѡһּдţҶԼļϣСųš
ҹţͷۺܲ۵СԺӣкߴ۵Ĳת뿪
ֻҪﲻŰı򾣬йıֲʣµľͰȫˡĿǰ˵ɥʬεûиż׾ŵ
ֻǰҶɥʬܻڴɥʬûܣֱӽˣڻŵĹҲԹԵĶڼٳˡ
˴ڣҶСƳźãкҹԱߵˮϵȡ
бɳͩûһֻСѸצӣץס򾣬ܿ죬ְ˵ı˳
ȴ˻ûҶ˸֦ϵı򾣬ٶ̫ˣǰݻûôͷҲûôڸоҧľͷ·Ҳˡ
ҹΪȻĵͷ
ҪܷҩͺˣһͰȫˣȥɱɥʬҪȻֱʤҶ˵ıһߣЩЩԱȥֹ˵ģȻҪõĻǡ
Ҷָָļǡ
ûȶãˣǸװļա
ϴγӶûװҲܷס򾣬ǲˡ
ӴػаְʻСӳ̽ͷֺǺǵϳ͵ˡ
˰ҰСƳæҸһعϸɣ˵ҶҲֺǺǵߺȣʱϵսʿǷ׷һھͰæˡ
СӳϻǸսʿףҶʣ֪ԭоܵģڲμѵȥˣʣµĶûܣ̫ߣûõġ
иսʿ˯ʱܼٻָ壬оûɶãͱ߳ͨһˡ
Ҷ˵ֻУصؿ˿Ǹսʿһۡ
սʿȥ˯۵ӣ˵ǰҲ¼˺ܶݲȷܡ
̣ûסҶʣ𣿡
Ŷáսʿ۾˯Ļش𣬡ǰξ֮ǰҾϲ˯ѧ˯ѧ˯ξëˣ˭ָֻ֪ˡ
·ڤڤ֮һ˯Ƶġ
ǸܡҶëعϸɷˣֻëģᡣ
ллٺ١սʿæӹ
ǵһθСӳ񣬵˵ҶôˣܱԼ˯ܸ죬Ϊرˬܴ󷽣еǳ
ʱսʿĲ֪֪ҶǺܴ󷽵ģëͲ׼ԣԱߵսѴչ٣ֵܣҵ£ͷҷ˶ѡ
զ


55 
СѾϲԺɣҵøšֲǲ֪ǰҴӾûϢͬһڸǵλˣͬǽˣٺٺ١սʿЦһۣóֻҿСѵƬ
ҶҲֹȥ˿Ǹװ׾СкӦóˣͯա
Цôˣ㻹ϲͯմXİ˵˵СX󲻴󣿡
ЩǣһԲϾ˵XɫЦ
ҶæջߣһëһЩͩԣСϹ˵ͯվXʲôģǲڵģҲYYѡ
ౣͩƶǶĽ
ë±ʱΪ˱ܳһ㣬Ҷ˺ܶϣŵҲȽ϶࣬رˬڡͩÿγԼëʹСͷһһģرЦ
̫ˣͩرϲԡ
ҶԼˮÿȪˮƿװţšƿʢţͩȡ
˶Ҷԭ͸һЩϤҲϤˣ֪ҶʲôˣŶ԰ҹ̬Ҳܺá
˴·ûԶҶǰ滹Ǹһġ
º޸Ǳ߰ɣҶʡ
иսʿֹбˡǸڵģСӳǲ˳ۣ˵Ҫ㣬͵ָӳȥǴ塣
ЩսʿһĶᣬ˵˿鸹ȫһ׸ⶼûУǴȡٿ¡޸ǣȱ٣ҲûǳԵģһӶ̥ͦƵģû٣۵ǲ١
ͲϣҶҲ׽սʿһߣ˵һ˵һж˵òŹĨǣ˵װģﻹ֪ôء
;ϢҶŰҹѼļж
ʱòιʳǻͩĴ£˳۵˸ܡҶ͵ͩڵĻһжòŵġͩڣǾҪסܳļдŵķ򣬻Ǹ˭ȵȣʱջҲҪһȱ
ƿǵļжۻƵģֻܴͿһɫЩСһܿͻ᳤һ㣬һЩɫëʱͺױˡ
ҶͩļǵĻҹصץر׼һ۾ܿ
ƽʱڼʱ򣬰ҹͩԼǵʱǺܵ
ЩһμĶ̲ס棬˯սʿȣҴҷܻ֮ڳ߿Щɢļǡ
СʱϼҲһȥûˣʳЩСһҲ̫˰ɡ
ǶͨҶ͵Щҵı켦УͨļвһŵĻѡһֻſúܱӵۿԡ
ԣսʿܸȤѡһֻȥȽϺģʮֱӵ۶ſ
ֻСһʼû߿ʱսʿۣж˶٣ת񱼣ʯͷľͷȵȽɡ
һ·ܵͩǰ棬ߴߴߴߴпʼС
ౣͩҲһСһһܵսʿǰ档
ǰ·ͩں棬ȫûϴˡ
զ죿ԼеʱսʿƽǴʱͩҲˣеˡ
ȻҶϤҲ֪ͩǸ죬رһ˫צӿ磬ʵ񶼲ڻ¡
ౣͩҵóǦͷ͵սʿǰ档
ҵ滹֣
ʱˣսʿҲˣҪǩ˿ͩСһһ˫ڶʮؿԼæǦͷдԼ֡
ౣͩҵǦͷֳСн˼Ȼֻɢˡ
ʱսʿŤͷʰҶզ£
ȣҶ
սʿһ֪ʵĲǲǴˣͩҪôҵĸӱ顣
ǼиоΣգͩ˿㣬ʱΣԲ󣬿Թ۲۲죬һ£ʡˡҶ͵Щ켦ж˵ҲҪǵİȫ
Ǽලҵ˼ҪǼලأսʿСʡ
ԺǶᱣ ˵ǼȡҶҪСǵִ˵㻰ġ
սʿҲҪҶ㺦ңҪҡ
ȻҪԵģǰҶġ
˽ʵ뿴ԼڼͩѵûЧڿЧսʿеңҶ룬ӰóԼųԵ±ָһ
±ر㣬ʱ
ʵҶ˺ܶѹɡάƬȵȣӪܱ֤ģиõĿζѡûɵȥԿڸвôѹ
ЪϢ˳˳ԶȴһЩС¹ʡ
ΪԶҶĲǺֻȷȻ˵ˣǱˣɽԻɽֵܡ
һӦҲǸũӼûĶУҲʮģֻ֮ܿƣģǵʱעű򾡣
˳Ҳ˿Ǳߵ̲ס˰Ҷ
ܼ򵥰Ҷ֪кôˡЩƽʱԵʳҵģмӲͣЩһС붼Ǹ׼ģﻹǰԵķҪȻΪǴϲˣ
ʻսʿŤͷ˿ͩ
ͩŲݸֽǦͷڰҹߣǱƺڸһսʿ졣
Ҷȣ˵ͩǲһģ
սʿȻ֪ͩǲһģȻк񣬵ȫǣͷдëžͲͨƷ֡
Ҫ˵ͩŵģΪĿǰΪֹûбı춯ܱȵͩѧϰ£һ򵥵ѧ⣬ֱ
߻źŰҶóֻ˿Ȼ˵
RǵԼؽ˻õһСӳǿȣԲûзߵ硣R֮˭֪Rǵ˻᲻ǵźš
Ҷ·֪޸ҲԭˣȻƷզأȷʵ֣Ҷϡ
ǲҪգһ¶ǵĵصͲˡ˭֪ûи֪ǵֻ©ǿ鿴ƬʲôءҶ
ҲġСӳͷԽ˵ʲô
ϴRǻֻͣڽ⣬ȴֱӳֱ룬Ҫͣ¡
ΧʶѹεĲˣһЩȽϰȫĵطѹιüΣȼյľͷȵȣܰߵĶĲˡ
ԽɥʬԽ࣬ҶԼҺLֻ֮ܿһСɥʬȻԸˣȫԶ㿪Rȫһ
ҲǰСɥʬǶ㿪Ļиɥʬ㡣
ݵģĿٷûϵ˲²عƣR˿ڱɥʬ
Rǲر𷢴ֻͳУ˿ԼĪһ㣬ɵ˱ɥʬʲôƾ벻ģΪֻһֶѡ


56 
һСʱǧ룬ʮԼһʮŸСʱԼʱ䡣
ЩɥʬŲһһɱһòԲȲͣЪɱҹɱ
ౣ˵طҶû³ѡ۲컷ͩҲѧŴҵӿŴ棬ʮ档
·ǰĳҶһֱţʱл۲ΧĻ
طǸ·ڣܶСȺܼĵطȻʱɥʬࡣѾɥʬεص׵ıҲ
Զһ̳ռʮ֮һ·ڣҶܿͣϻһЩϵĳӣɥʬлε
ȥ̳ϣݵ㣡Ҷ㡣ǰСӳȻ󺰡
Ҷ֪϶ǰ˵ģǸڵģȻҪָӡ
Ҷעŵ򾡣Ҷ³һߺʱű켦Уͩȥȷ˵
Χֻкٵ¹¶أ˵ȽϰȫҪɥʬϵ¥Ǿͳװȫˡ
ôͶ϶¥ҲҪԶˮȵط
ౣͩһֱצקŰҶ·һһεģŤͷźսʿ
ʱ˶ΣУսʿȫѸ٣ǿðҲóȻ֣ǵűҳУʼɱɥʬ
Ƚ볬еɽԻͷɽֵܣ򾶼ǵʱſڰæҶżܹߵ˶һ٣û˵
º޸ˡ
ڳ˰ɣиҲż˲ϵĺ
ҶҡͷֻøǳȥʱҪæʣõĻȥܶطá
ĻҶû˵ǸӦԼ뵽
̫Σˡ̫ΣˡྫĺһĺţҶż˱ĵطȥµ˵
Ҷͷһ֪˿϶ģԼӦøϲԲ߿
ɢﻹʲôʣµġ˵˿ź˹ģе֣ɽԻߣƺϡ
Ҷҿ˿ðҹżͩȥСӳ
ȵû˵ĵطҶʣطʩĻˣ
ĹǱߵġСӳЦЩ˸ǱȽ׽ͷûȨֻˡ
ҵû¡Ҷҡͷ̫¹ʲôˣҪһ㲻̣вʹ쵱ͱȥˡ
ֵ̳طͲ֪˷˶ٴΣҲʣһЩӡȲܳԲãһЩ͵ţܳԵĶûˣѹεʮָɾ
·ȵҲʧһգЩľͷİ칫ҲߣӦRǵ˸ɵġ
żɥʬҶԼ׽ֻʲôʶû֣طֲرȫ̫ۣҶŪΪʲôǻѡ
ɢΣ֮󣬶¥ʱȫĵطϡ
ɽԻͷߵ˵ΧС࣬ϸҵʣҶҪżǴĸ㹻ڿʼǷֳɼС顭
Ȼв٣ܵİ飬һ֪ΧɥʬܶȵȵСӳ̲ס˵ĻɱɥʬҪµˣǶǰŰʵģչЩٶȣߵ̫졭
ʵĻô򵥣жˣ˵ġ
ǲΣ˵̫塣Сѡ
۳СӳŲӻҪ˵ǸζɫСӳҪˡҶæǰЦҿɽԻͷֵô͸һ飬ʣµûô£һ飬ô
ҵ˵ҴļпɶǾϸѡģֻ׼ôɣҪǺҷĻҿɲɡҶѵ˵¶Լϡ
οɽԻ˵ͷ¶ˡ
ţҽм򵥵ϢҪš
ɽԻͷɽֵܿ·Χܰȫȳ̳һԶˡҶ¥涢ǿһɽԻͷóһľͷԲ̣дʣ֪ŪʲôŹ֡
RǹȻǱĿġ
ֻӦһʼ˵ףݾͶСӳָֻţɲʧһǮ¶һŪþ͵óСӳҲڵˣ̫ˣҶͳˡ
ֵܣˣԺʲô¾ܽңСӳ߹ĵԼظ졣
Ҳʮֶݣֻײˣһ˴쵼еСЬֲǺƽ˵С͵棬ղСӳҪǲ˵ʲô˳ӰŵĻһǻΣա
˵Ҷа̫̫ࡣ
Լֵܣ˵ЩʲôҶذ˰֣ţҳȥתһȦȷúٻ˵
ȥɣһСġСӳûֹ
ҶгţҶƬ̳ûκɥʬ
ౣͩڳϣĿƽĿǰȻһ
զҶͷ˿ûʲôﳵ䣬·С
С൱ɥʬǳȺӣ¥ı̶ȣʱ˳˵Ӧûô࣬ôҲӦв١
תһȦҶȥһС
Χǽˣ¥ƻıȽأѾӲݣ£ѶҲ̫
ҶҡͷȥһС
ص̳Ҷ˿Ұѿ˵˵һôѡе˶ԷǱԼûã
κɽԻͷ뿪Сӳºüζ˵û
ȷж·ߣҶͩһߣȥҹһ𣬰Ѽ̧ȥ棬СƳͿˣʲôĶڳܷ⣬Ƥᣬܰȫ
һͷûͩ
ҶһȦͩڱ˼ҵļ棬Լ֪ʲôط˸ɾA4ֽſ档
﷢Żͩ
˿ûƵġ
ɶأҶչûǿаͩߡ
ˣôԼ󡣡ûҪٲҾҪˡȻɢ͵ùܺãҪǰô죿
Ǹͨũϴεڴ࣬Ҳ֪ôҵЩԸʮƵˡ
ɲôִ£߼Ŷġ
ҶΪͩһżڽУÿνеʱ򣬼ļ˳ͻĽѹȥġ
ڴļǻģļëƯȺȻľͻ۸ͨĸһЩļһֻͨͷëûˣģѾѪˡ
ҶһرֻͨԿǡ
ౣͩȻһԾ𣬸׼ȷצӣݺݵץֻ쳣ı칫ͷֱӳ˿ӣ
ʲô


57 
ౣ̧ͩС˻ӣѸٰݸֽץǦͷд֡
ӵͷһдŤŤļ֣ϳ˼Ӧùܹļ
Ȼͩдֺܼ򵥣Ǹˡ
̲סһΪͩļΪͩȻòݸֽд֣Լ뷨һЩСӶҪϻۡ
ļһô˯˯˳ԣþţûõľɱ˳⣬ⲻˡ
ౣֺͩӲ˵ˣֵͷץǦͷд˼֡
ºӲҿˣкȻеֻҪԼҼļ뷨Ķʲôˣ
ǰпѧ˵ʱһЩﷴӦͨѧֶչֳһֺܼĽֻǵﷴӦҪĵļУ»кܶܲˡ
ǣǻͷǻ۵Ҫء
ౣͩצĲݸֽ
ӾȻŵһ飬Ʋסĺˡ
СӳµȴûʲôǽӴĶ֪࣬ͩĴڣ֪һϻۡ
ҶԱ߿ֿˣŵòӣǰ͵İɣͨҪͨûôףҿҵҲֻԣ۸ѪˣҼͩȥˡ
桢ģӾȻһ¡
Ҷܿ϶ĵͷȻġƽʱɣҸֻпڲշѵġȥϿ֪ˡ
ŶЩ¶ĵ˵ͷ
汲ũģĩӶֻ˺ܾãڹٸ˳ֵĺܼʱ֮ȻԽԽѣҲܻȥˡ
ĩǰõĻ˻ûܣҶ˵ˣġ
ʰúһ̳ȥƻеС
ſڵŻˣʱóӵסҶͩ³Ѽ򿪣ļһƵɢ
ŵ˵ζӸֹĵطĳͩͼͬʱɱֱ򾡣
еı򾲻֪ǲҧˣȹѪСôСҲȭͷС֮צץű򾣬ţȥʮֿɲ
Сȴû£׼ȷıͷɱ֮һ
Ҷп
սʿȫ³ʼɥʬ
ÿ˽ű߶һͷţȫмֵ
طʣµ𡣡Ҷָָӣ֪ʲôطֻǰѰҶĻȥˡ
Ҷߵļи֮սʿʣµɺӷųļĿǰȻеæңȫбϡ
ȥΧ￴żǣעⰲȫҶŤͷҹͩһͷйҹҪȥĵط
ౣͩ˱Ƚϸߵĵطݹȫ֣ǵ˿ѡһͷ
ļкܹԵĶڰҹűߣҶһŷ뿪
г뿪СҶ·ԥһ£СתһȦɥʬȻ࣬Χǽ赲̫ΣգȻɽԻͷ뿪ķ׷ȥ
·ܿɱɥʬһЩƤĵ·ߣӵɢһأɢܵζҶüͷгٳȥ
ۼǰеٶȲܿ죬Ŀȷ
ౣͩȻС¡
ҶŤͷǶ
û뵽ô׷ˣʵɽԻͷߵʱܻɥʬƺԸ̫ûпҶֱǿ˹ңɥʬӣгֱӷɱٶȻ졣
طǸأӦûü
һЩϾɵ¥ѱƵҲĲˣȥǸƽ̹ķ档
εɥʬǺܶ࣬ɽԻͷ˿ʮۡɽֵܶķӶԸ򾣬ΧǺܰȫ
ҶԶԶؿţǺٻͷ˸ǽèǰߡ
ȷ⸽ˡɽԻͷ˲ϵĺϸң϶ҵ
ߣ˵ˣ˭˭ġֲ˭õ˾Ե֣ǿɲҪҵֲ˹ٸ
Щ֮ǰ˵ˣֻʱģǿһѣʵҪûˣֻļֵܺɽԻͷĻǿɲʲôԼ˭ʵǿ˭ġ
ʼλֲʲô𣿡Цеʡ
ҡͷֲ֪Ͳˣھʲôҵ˻ϳϲؾ䣬ЩǺɥʬһӦ˶кܶҼֲҲклеܻ׹ǣеġ綾ޱȡ
ֲֻܵıɽһǣɫ΢䡣
ҵֲ˵ɽԻͷɢ
˶ɢҲԼһ򡣺ҶſһȻʵôٶҲ죬Ӧôʲô·±Ĺ
˵ֲðҶ뵽Լ񵽵ҶƬҲڳŵȪˮƿӴˣʵǲ֪ⶫ᲻͵͵ڼ۸Ͷ죬ׯڣҶֻЯ
ҲֲĻӦúɣǰҶĵһ뷨
Ҷĵڶ뷨Ҳҵڶֲ
Ͳܷʲô״ʲô𣿡ûһͲͷڿƼôⷽΪʲôоо
ȻһҲһ⣬֮ҲйִͨƼ˽ĺ͸ľ䱸½ǰֻҳ洩źۣ洩·رʱС
ֲһ֣̽ġҲֲոյͷ΢ܱҲҪǹһ£ֲһЩǾֲǰ涼һϳɽԻͷεҡҡͷжϾǧ꣬ҪЩֲϣ֪ص㣬ץϹ
˵ЩʱҲţЦеĲδ֡
ȻȻǹٸˣȻ֪ıͨ˸࣬ҶӦøɽԻͷһˣֻرԿȥͨ˷·û
˵˵ŻǱ˰ҶһĨڣɶҲ֪
żбðͩһǰץס򾻹ûðͷأͱץˡΪְͩҶǰ˿
ͩҲǰ˿
Ҫ㣬˿ɶɵӡɽԻͷȻ˵
Ҳɫһ䣬ѵģ
Ѩ硣ɽһżΪҵŵȴ֪ȫѰ·
ûģҶոյɴ۾ȤɽɽԻͷһۣ۾˵ˡŪãҶ޲óȥֱǡ
ֵ֪ܺʲôûʡ
һʱǶ˵ˣҶֻôͩڰǽ棬̵ѰҲʶʲôǣֲִ඼ʶֻҪʶģӦþ˰ɣ


58 
Զ죬¡¡ģǿĳһ
ɫһ䣬˵Rǵˣ
ٸRǶʱ˵ɽԻͷѡϾɽԻͷүʵһˣĳַϽǸͨǲһģжԹٸκ͹ûôǿ
ҶϽè̫Ҵˡ
ͩҲܹڰҶ˫棬Ȼ󿴵ǰԼצӡָæܹȥԼצӡ
ҪRǵҶĲ¶ˣRأһʣ֪ҪͣĴѰҰҶ
ӿȥãҲװªľޡ
ͷһȺˣΪ׵Ǹźۣ߬ɥʬ˹һȭɣó˲֣ӸϹСܡ
źɽżҼɽԻͷɫѿҸϵԼ˽棬ôҲûˣ˴֪źɽ߱˼֮λ
żҾһȺӣͻȥϻ˵ʱɽԻͷƺû뵽Ȼżйϵ
ɽԻͷüͷ壬ǽ͵żһΡ
λ簡źɽתеԲý˲ſʲôԲ򣬶⻬ԲĲ֪С޵ͷǣ
Ҷںץģ֪Ƕ˵ʲôԼڿ϶ܳȥǳȥˣɽԻͷ˻ỳĿģҪǱRǵ˿ˡǾΣˡ
ǺܿҶ뵽˷ӣݡ
RиС۾ˣѸҶһҲܱ˵Ŀ˵ͨͦ׼ģɰҶͨҲܱ׼
ͩСĿȥ
RǵЩ˶ֻ࣬һСܶ࣬ĳ߰ĶУȫװȻЩRǵӲ
࣬ųһţǸװ󣬳ֲִһкܶطڱԺǿΪб򾣬ЩСǵľԲǺܴ󣬱ϾܶԸ򾻹һ㶯ûС
Ƴ棬ҶĻм˦ڽùTTʱü
ౣͩſڰҶ·棬ֻ¶һֻ۾պÿ⡣
𿴣᳤۵ġҶæסͩ۾뵽һѧϰǿҶֲżͷҸ㵱棬Ǽҵؽкܶء
⻹ǵģʱҶҪûĿģ׼ر࣬ⶫһӣԼ͹˵ǼɶУⶼ
Ҳ֪ԼǲõҲôƵ
ǰ˲ע⣬ҶԽƳǰͲĿ죬קסߡ
ŲеǰСܻͷСʣҪɶ
ﲻסˣȥŸˮҶڵԷģǰָȴ߷öҶƬĿĺ
СûɣҶˡ
Ƴ棬ҶĿүЦһ
ĿʱſҶʱRħƬϵʱ亹ˣæЦЦȿ޻ѿ
޵ҲÿˡҶĿ꿴һԼӦģµˣְΡ
αװɹ󣬰ҶĿ·ϣĿصУͩαװ·һƵë򣬹һһεģʮֱ档
ҶѧСܵӺãǰɽԻͷȻһźɽʦ棬ضúǽͶһģ˭Եõֲ
ãһΪźɽЦŵģ۾ȴޱȻһ֣ɢҵκֲֵﶼҡ
ǣС뻮һĴӦţҶҲź
ɽԻͷɫһ䣬ƽ
ԸҲңǻѾܹƽˡźɽЦRҵĵ̣߾ߵģθһӣܣǻ´ΣǣЩСһɾûôˡ
˵ڲԶСѼʵСӳǡ
Ҷ˲սȭͷԱ֮£ɽԻͷ˻˵ģźɽ̫
RС˶࣬ɽԻͷǱֻˣԻߡҰҶãֲӦûᱻźɽߵҵΪ׼ĸ֣СܾȻûһͨˣȫǾܵġ
ιֵܣҲԣӦòͣͷܣǲ쳣пֲԱһǿҶɵߣȻü˵γһҪСģûģ
˵ʱ򣬻źɽǱߡ
ҶæͷҸղȥˮе㲻״̬
˵˼仰ֿҶͷܣ߷ֲԼӦֲܲ
ôÿ˸ĵطʵСҶһͼһ룬һ׼ʣµһҲ顣
ౣͩ˻ΣȻצӣָָǰ
Ҷȥ֪ʱͩԼˡ
иȭͷһСģĶҶ̽ԵͷܣȻоԼͷųȥܷ·赲˻֨֨Ľ͵ĺˡ
ӶܳһֻȭͷСݷ۾ͨ죬Ƥë⻬βϸֳͷʮּ
֮ȻûܣŰҶ
󣡡Ҷһתܡ
ʲôźɽһһɺðֱ׷
˶ʱڵϳ鴤²ˣֺܿ츯ãһ⡣
˶̲ס䣬ҪõԼϣҲɣ
ȥЩԣ˵ܷʲôźɽԭûõֲӳԼġ
СеļԼʹ˹ҶҲŹ
ּĵʱҪȥڵһǾһӲóˣΪеܶڼʮʳ
ڿҶ
˶ûб֦ľʲôĿʼڣעű򾣬˵ùҧˣҪôɱҪô͵űɥʬɱɡ
󶴻ͦ˲һ׶ûͷ
ҿжȻи˺һɤӡ
ҶæȥͿ滹иȻʯͷ֧ţȻȻģҲò˵ͷܴˣȻҵôĶѨж̵ֲȥӨ͸һ˿˶֪Ǻö
϶ֲǣûˣ
Ƿֵģ
ⶫʲôã
ֵ˶˷ܣһſڶڿţһ߿ʼ⵽ʲôֲʲôá
ҶҲ̲ס룬ܾƺԼãŵһǳǳ㣬Ҫֱֲȥ
պȻαװëͩҶȻӦղź˼ſգʶٶˡ
ߵ˫Ŀſգ㱴ͣﻹҺ˶·ܿƵġ
۽Ƴźɽ첽ҶҲɾװԼ˫Ŀ룬ûѣܱ˷Լ˲һ


59 
ߣ֪ǶܲԻ󡣡źɽ˵ĴݣȴԽԽ죬ŭһˣ
ãС۷׷׻ָԼȻߵˮеĶĶѾˣʱһǰƤһ㶼⻬˵³
еĿеĵطǶԷͣʱŹ֡
ҶԼţҪǸղãˣһۿԼеС۾ӣԼ϶̲ס˵ġ
ҰɣֲոյǾͲǿпôˣ˲͵ôӶԷҧźɽ˵ţһ䣬ˣ˺󣡡
СǷ׷˵һԣźɽǰ
ɽԻͷҲ׷׶ǴʱѾȷҪҵֲֻû뵽Ǳźɽҵˣɫʮѿ
ɣֲźɽʱҲϲɫԸЩʣµȥòӣΧǶڻȥ
źɽôֲߣɽԻͷǴо
ǲôôǰԼľЭ飬ȲˣźɽЦĿɽԻͷôǲǾضˣҲܸģҿǱعصżҷӶҪ谡
˵ô棬ɽԻͷɫѿ
̲סˣڷġȫֹҲֲߣ
ˣֱˣˣźɽЦǾRǣҵĵ̣Ǿֹˣ
ô˵ţȴǰһӽֲ
¼𣿡źɽȻһСܡ
ҶźۼĿȥźɽԴ³ʼ߾Сܣۣȴ粽롣ܼ֮סΪһ־͵ͷֻƵģźɽܣҶСӦݲһ㡣
ԭ¼ģֲá
źɽ㱰ɣɽԻͷɫһ䣬ͻȻ͵˹Ҫֻ
ߣֻ׼ݹٷŻյôϺRǵҿɶˣжʵԼ¼񣬻ͷŵϣҲôҿǵźɽƤ֮£һùǣû˭һ
һ˵ţһ߳嵽ǰ浲ɽԻͷ
ֵͬʱˣɽȴ󶴡
¼¼ʱôҿźɽЦɽԻͷʹˣͲҪ߶ˡǶɽҹ򣬾һҲȲżҵĶ
еתһɹɺð·һģӷɽԻͷ
ȻɽԻͷҿЩӣæˣתͬ󶴡
ɣźɽŭ
ȥֵѾ˹жŻƷĬȻʱ赲źɽŭģ³һѪŤͷҶץŰҶ죬ݺݵ󶴡
ѶһסҪźɽ
Ҷ⧲۳Ҫˣֱҵϣ˵ɽϣ档
Щ˵ֶζͬѰҶûʱڴ￴̫үүͷʩչĺһʵСƣٿźɽƺʮ磬Ȼܹڵˤ׵ĺۼ
еĻƷ޻ȼ·γһϵס˺ֻʱ䲻ãֻܲͣزƷ
ǵֶζӣҶԭֻԱߵԹϹڣֲܵ˭У
Ȼ˹ˣȻֶ顣
˲쵽УҶץסֲܸоץžӨ͸Ĵ񣬻һԵĿܵĸоǰҶڹҶƬʱ΢߷ܣһץֲ
𣬰Ҷ־źɽǱܣеõˣ
ֲôģźɽҪˣŤͷŰҶʱ˵ЩҲûãֻŭ
ֵٴڳ֣еĻƷɫŹ֣ȼ֮ȻûʧǲϣһȭźɽӲӡ
Ҷ񱼹ȥ󺰵ߣ
ȥţźɽΪҶҪСܶУʱרĶԷֵܡ
ɽԻͷɽֲûˣ׷ǱźɽסһʱЩʮֵѷ֡
Ҷһ·񱼣ӽС֮񱼣Ȼ󡭡Զˡ
ǱصгɿгҶƬһ棬ವһ¾ˡ
СǿŰҶܵĲӰŷӦæȥźɽ㱨ôˣ
ܵģźɽܻû뵽СôԿƣҪŷֲһҪȥץܽ
һ·г񱼣ҶðմüɥʬȺת˺ܴһȦҵһҿŵ̵ȥŶš
ʱпóνֲ
ͩشˡҶٺЦҸǹϵãõ־ˡ⵽Ǹʲô⡭
һֱץеֲѾմֺʱڱŵ⻬ĵذϡ
ҶӸ²ƵģһûմȽ϶ࡣҶֲ˰ΣȷҺԺֵСģ
ֻСûôһĸоѡ
ౣͩѧŰҶӣצСĲֲȻѸצӣ֮̽ŤͷŰҶУౣ
񲻻ܵԻ󰡡Ҷ°ָͣͷͩСԴſҲûɶرġ
ౣͩҲԴҶ
ÿȪˮƿװţȥɡҶ
СֱֲװڿȪˮƿ˩ӹڰҶϣϵαװͩҲëſڰҶϣһصսʿռʵС
Ȼ࣬ʵûȥá
Сսʿǻɥʬµ˲Ÿոտʼ¥Ѷ
ʱѡʱƲСɥʬ࣬ʱ˵ʱӦò˳ȻҲһﻹвõĶ
ֽֽȵȣҪûܷһӺóԵģոµıȵȡ
ЩռķΧڣҶгʱµ˸պñŶ¥¸ɸɾģһرɵӣЩʡ
۵ĿҪˣæţŪԵİҶ˸ȥСӳѹлҪ˵
ɡСӳͷһսʿǣŰҶȥ
һ·һ˶ҹҶСӳΪͩһֱڰæ
Ҷ˻οȪˮƿӣֲСӳ˵һ¡
粻һҲסɴ˵ҹRǱߵ˿϶ȥϽ꣬ʱƵһͻҵġءҿ϶ҪЩˡ
ѾRǵһ磬ͣһСӳ֪һֱάʱҶ˵ĵȻɽԻͷˡ
ǵĻǲܵ͡Сӳ֪Ҷ϶Ҫ£ȻֱɵӣʱСӳҪ˵ 
Ҫ֪ڵСӳʲôģкܴȨġ


60 
·ڸӷֱ𣬰ҶôӼģôҴӼĸҲˣʣµĶСӳ˻һ㶼ûҪ
ǸСӳõģΪҶ˱Ƚ϶࣬һǣֲ⣬СӳԼûԼ˾
ؼˡҶСߣԼҲ
ౣͩԭڰҶ棬֪ʲôط񵽸Ƥ򣬵رˮϣܵü׸ߣͩǳϲ档
ҶߣͩҲſȥ
Ҷ̾ʱĶˣøҲرõ¡
ԼصطȫǲʱŵʱҶͨ͸ηʲôģصؽͩѵһЩУССݿȥɿɴҲܴ򿪡
ʱ󹫼ſڲԵͷڿбſļǣηֲ󹫼εļˣŰҶȫſڲ棬Ŀڡ
Щһﲻ֪ôģȻ׳һֱߣر֡
ҪȷⶼԼҼУ֪ĻΪǼżء
ŰҶߣǵҲű任ſڲһƵġ
صУҶֱȥ˺أûʺҸ˵ѴɨҪ˭Ūˣ˭͸Ūɾ
ౣͩݷɿɴ굽棬ܵ󹫼ǰš
󹫼еί
ͩѡļ뿪֮ǼģҶǰҲҪǹηɶģðѲĴϡ
Ѿ棬󹫼϶ҪʮעⰡ
ֻƽʱûµʱ򣬴󹫼еģڲһȦѲӣȻ󡭡ʹɴÿſڲ棬䡭
Ǻܿ춼ѧˣҲܳ
ͱ˰Ҷʱӡ
ౣͩݸֽдд󹫼ۣȻѲݸֽ
Ҷ濴󹫼ȷʵͷɥˣͷצӹɴ̶Ⱦ֪֪ٴˡ
ҪҪɴװһ㶼״򿪣Щһĳɳٶȣ˵ܿѧῪˣװҲûɶãǵԾ
뿪죬߲˶ҶͰҹһʰ˲١
һЩͺҲһЩ֮⣬С󡢺ӵȵȣȻֵĲ࣬϶˳ԵġҲ¶ʪȶб֤ׯڶرá
ϰ˻ס˿ƬİײҶӣ˻ʳĶ½ǰʵģⲻడ
ͷܲץͷҶ˿ں̵ͷˣæץסҪԺͩȵٳԡ
ҹͷ
ܾǰûˣʵǰȻӱȽƫƧҲרģLʳƷרͼ⣬ҳܷ㡣
ڡ˵еһҹ֮䱻̤ƽȫˣҪôɥʬҪôܵ
ϾеùǼģһҹ֮ûˣϵʣ²٣Ҳܳ԰ǸǺԼԼˣԭװֵģ¶⣬ιһľܳ
ܳȥûã˺ܶ࣬׺˻ʮΣա
ҶصѾϢȻLǽԼӲԶֻǵط·Σգԭסĺܶ˶ˡ
룬ĸ˽ţϻж٣Ҵץͷ
ֵܣǰɣҼˣ֪ǱΣյĸû˸ȥͲ˵ˣҪ˵㿪ҲûáЩҰƵģֵ࣡Ȱһ䣬ڱҪЩеûġ
ǰ󻧣׬ǮȻر࣬ҲڳзӣＸţȥݳһ¼Ҳܸ
ȫ˶ڳ̫ҳţԵõÿ춼ơ
ǰмԵʳƷžǱ񣬶Ϊߣ涼ͷǵʳƷȻӪ⣬ôöˡ
ͦõģô벻Ҫأ
ǾҪİҶӲ׼˵ֵܣιĶ࣬ͷ˵ˣʲôûˡҪʵ⣬ȥLǹٸ¥ǱиӣһЩװʳƷȻ󣬵ǰȫ
ҶĬһظֵܣǸӾҵġ
Ǳ߳ĬʱȻͻȻظ֣Բۣ
˶ڼѵĻŵʱ˼ѿ ְװʳƷӦоУﻹ˵˲ˣ˵ȫõı򾣬Ҳõֲ죬ﻹĩǰһֱԴ
˼ҪˣǵȻҪ˭˼Ǹء
ԷԼˣҶŷֻڴЪϢ
γȻûʲôջֻûһֲҶúֵãΪû֪˺ܶԼǰ֪£ȷνʿ˵Ĵڡ
ౣֽͩצӣϡ
ںģͩյҶǰɴڶۣϸؿ
ɶҶü
ͨļǼģеƹҲû㱣ɫǽڿܶǳͨģ᲻ͣײȥͲһˣҲܿصҹҲԣ
ౣͩչ˲ҶգȻһƬҶӡ
Ҷ
һòԼմ˲Ҷ
ȷˣͩҲܿһܿ
˯ҶͩͷϣԼҲ۾
ЩͣRǳеĴԽԽࡣһʱȥLǹٸ߾صΪ˿˸ᡣ
˼粻ܷRǸӦûдˣȣǱȥӪȣٸ̬ȣκˡ
RԼ޺˻Ͻ꣬ܵĻ֪ж;
ܻҪܣҪôܡ
RǲҪˣһ˽ȥ˵ʲôʲôãǾ춨߳һġ
ʱLǾRоפе˼Lǰ棬ҲԴð̬Ȱڳ
ֻµġǰҶȻû֪˾
źɽ˺ܾãֲͷˣҲ֪ˣ׼ر֣Ҫ˵磬˳RǸˮ档
ƻ˳ɽԻͷҲȫǶ֣ȻֲСܸ͵ˣĵŴҵһȥ
ڳ﷢ֹСܣźɽ֪Լƭˣ϶ɽԻͷˣ֪ԼʵãԹˣΪֲ
ɽԻͷȫ֪鰡ȻҪϡ
ʱ˫ͳֲûˣҲûдıҪҶɢˣȴûôװݡ
ȣźɽС¼ƵƵŵϣɽԻͷһʼ˾Э飬ֲźɽϾ˺Э飬̻쾡¡


61 
ౣͩ컹ûܵ˲ͺԴϵëëԺﺰһɤӡ
ļȫжǰצӺʹӣһ˳
ʱܿûļǵĲûͨлһ˯ʱûǻ̫Ǳ˵أͺɵܵԺ룬մСͷг˵ĺãͩ
ǧǿֻҲ˳ֻڶĩβ
ౣͩʼ
ʱѾ仯ܶˣЩշļлᱻѡͩᵱʱͼ¼Ҫ۲һӡ
Ҳ֪ĶѧģҪ۲۲죬Щ켦вرܳԣ󣬳ÿ죬ͩͲ¼ǵǵš
ʱѾкüͷļˣͩŰУϻǰԺЪϢûýΪ̫󣬾Ͷ档
ǸɢеȥأеȥĢеȥϹ
ϻذҶֲҲˣͩճ˼ͷţԷвܿƵ
˵һжŵ׵Ҷȫ˯Ȼĥĥʲô
ҹֵĢͦ죬ʱѾԸųˡ
ⶫڸиƵģǹըһ£Ȼ棬ζѣʳԶСҶһը˺ܶ࣬⼸ͳˡ
ϵ黹ڷͣҶڻʲôõСӳ֪ͨ
ȥ칫¥ǱһˣȥȥҶһʰһʣȥɣҽСʶǿӣǸܻˡ
ҹ˵ͷ
ͩԭϲ죬æܳȥ
ʱҶС˵ˣֵĺãҪںԳŵһͷС֮Ҷ͸ͩ˵¶ѡһͷг̵ĻһЩͷСȥ
Ҫȥˣ֪ͩͼеʱˣ˳
߰Ҷ׼˲˺һЩհװ±ЩСҵģʱˣ˶ҶᶼС
ౣͩܳһͷͷܴ󣬵Ҳʮֻı켦С
ʱѾܿδĳΣ켦гԵö೤Ĵ󣬶Һܻ飬ϵëɫȽ̣صɫǷǳõıɫ
߰ɡҶк
칫¥ǱߣҶȵķ־Ȼвˡƽʱÿ˶࣬Ҫǳ˰칫¥Χ ط¶ĵطб򾣬̫Σգһµˣûߡ
˵LŪ˸ʲôߣеĵطˮϣˮҪƣҪֹ򾣬һЩڵµĳӡ֮࣬ѵѾˣҶ˵֪Լ˵ȫǷϻ
߲ų칦򣬾㹻ˮҲοˮ๻Ǹ⡣
ҸղŰҶʱͩɱ˲ͻȻðı򾡣ⶫٶ̫ˣʱҶܾñҧƬ
ǶҶ˸ʡ
ư볤ȹӣͷһ˫۾βе״ƵģԼʮĸŮתҶԭŭʱޱº͡
ҶƤְۣȻرʮ긾Ůϲ
㻹֪ɣϲ˵LʿôܲҶӰʦѧգʱҲȥֲꡣҸ˵Ҷӽʮ꣬Ҳܣˮ飬һӾˮ飬ء
ҿɲЩظˣҲ׷磬ڸ־ǰôҲøҶһ·
Щ˶̽ϢģûеϻأˡҾͿˣʦѧգϻˣߣ˾ԲΪͽܡС˧Ҹ˵ҶӿɹˣѧأҲвգɺˡ
۳Ű̾ҪóֻҶӵƵˣҶæҽ߿
칫¥вٹԱ浲ţҪȻЩ˾ҪȥˡҪǰ칫¥涼԰ȫԴҲù˼̫ࡣ
иСῸԼֺĶӴ󺰣ٸΪǷĻˣҶӽȥҶҪʦ㲻ܰʦʶʶҲа
ұż˽һ
ǱרŵǼǵģǶȥǱ߰
º޸棬Щְ͵óˣæͷ󺹵ġ
ҶǰЩ˿ۣӣȥˡ
˿֮ر𲻷󺰵ƾʲôԽȥ
Ҷˣתź˴ȥΪǲһһ
Ȼת˻ȥ˸Ǻ
֪Ҷ濪ӵλϰ壬˶ʮֱ˵ԼϰˣҶȥǵ˵ʲôǲһⲻǹ вô
ϰˡС翴ͩһͷͷʮִı켦Уʱǰһе㰴಻סĵŰҶ˵
ҶȻָָͷеؽ̵ĲˣϤϤιٷˡֻһиȱ㡭
ɶȱ㣿Сԭǰ켦Уָæջ֡
ȣ׼Ҷرܳԣܴ󣬸ͰƵġǲʳͷʳ㹻𣿡
Сһʱķŵ˶Ҽʳܶ࣬ݶ࣬ͷ㡣Ҫ֪б켦ˣ϶ܸˣԻ֧ҵģ
Сû˵ǣͩϵ൱󣬻һȺҷۡ
ʼӰҶõ켦е൱ԾǼסǶǰԺ֡һʼɥʬãȵûǼҾͲˣֱһͷС
ͷнжʣǰȫۻëһرȣءëβر𳤣ʮֵŹҲһ˿
ϿˣԼҶʳǰԺһЩˣϵڰҶ
Լ˵ģļУҶҪж٣ֻϧͣҲҶϢҪʲôҪĻ˵ͼС
ܶѶס£춢ŰҶ˺ſ
СҲ磬֪¶ʱʮϲԼǽˮ¥̨ȵˣԺһҪúͷУø磡
ౣͩڱ켦ǰ棬˼䡣
켦֪Լ뿪ԭļңµĵطƺЩӦڰҶű߲뿪
ԡҶӶóһʺݸС磬ˣε±ĶҪˣͷѶŵһҪߡ
ɣҾһЩõʡС
ƺԽԽ࣬طȫ˶úЪЪŹٸǱ߻ûϢ֮󣬱㶼ȵȿ
Ҷ˸¥⿴ԶԴԴ߸ϵˡ
Ǻ°ҶпٴҶиͷ֪ȥʲôطҪȻǸ˶ġ
ౣͩҲſڴ⿴²ӣҲ֪ʲô


62 
칫ڿᣬֻβ˱Ƚ϶࣬ҲȽϼҡ
Ҷй䣬Ϊ칫¥󲿷˶ȥæˣͱ׳˰칫Ҹӣ֮ġ
ɽԻͷֵҲڣϳҶǲ̫˽ٸİ칫ƶȣΪҶģû֡ʶҶģڰ칫
RǵźɽֳģԼճֲҲȿڣͽǲܵģˣû취Ҳʧ
ȷʵȻȷʵǰЩҲӲºͣţͨ˾ܣóȻʼĻҲԲɹпܳΣաɽԻͷӦЩ֮ΪǴӳͿʼ򰾣Ҫŵر
ֲֻҪֲͨҼҳоҩ鵤ЩֲºޱȡûЩʵɸΪ֮
ǰڳˣʵҲˡ
ΧСָ˵˻
Ƭ̵Rǵźɽ˵ֲˡ
ҲźɽȷʵˣǸǲ֪
Ҳ˵ҪҵˣȻ˵ˡε
ɽԻͷĬȻҲΪӦˡ
ֻǵֻˣӦôǶǿRǱ߷ƵɽԻͷ˿סźɽƺҲûôʱҹٸҪ˵ġ
鴦ãôٸʵи߿ҪѵĶࡣ
Щ˵˵ȥû˵ϣͽ鶼տڲᣬֻ˵ƵģҶʵȥˣɴ࿪ڵ⻹򵥣˵죬ٿͽˡ
ҪΪʲôô죿Ȼи˿ڡ
ɽԻͷ˰ҶһֲۣǷëǣҲֻRǺHǿСΪЩطɥʬ࣬춯ֲָ࣬²ֲܴLȫĵطԶֲġ
Ҳ˵Ҫ죬͵ôRǣHŪ㹻ֲС
Ҷ۾ɽԻͷЩдŻţûйĸУеĵطȫݣɢѵʱôֲ¾ͻؿЩɥʬͱ˵Ǵջʱ
ȫһˡ
ֻûȥRǣLǣѾԼ̬ȣҶҲȥʲôҲûǸͺʸ
˳ԵˣƺоԼ߲̫һҶ۾̵룬ǲҼҵ߲Ҳ죬ֻǱϿѡ
ʼСϴ洵ţ-ƣʱв˶ôѼԸٳԷҲҪ㹻߲ˣɼĴеõôˡ
ԭʱ˵Ϊһȷˣûôˣ֮ԸԸԼ߲˲һ㣬Ϊɽ˵ЩǶǵĻ
ҶʼնԸţɽԵ޹˵Щ֤ǶԵģʱҶǾãɽ˵ÿһ仰⡣
ϲĨǵ˰ҶǳϲԸֱֱȥ˼ɽ˵ˣûýͽ͡
߲ˣúܺЦҲûбţ͹Цеر֪ģҿҲ򲻹㣬߲˺ֲʲôϵ
Ҳ̿ðҶǸ֪ʲôطðĶƣ˵ֱЦ
ɽԻͷҲЦЦҵͩȷʵ߲ˡûʲôرġ
ߣͲҪﻩȡˡɽʮֲ
ҶЩ˲ԼЦԼоԼܵί
ౣͩԼ֣֪ʱòҴˣǴӰҶ·ֱ칫ϡ
һ·˳Ű칫ǰ񱼣ֱͩܵǰ棬СԴ
ʱĳλһϤʹٴϮڵ˻ûأҪǼҩҪһ㣬϶ôƽ͵ĸҶ˵
ڰ칫¥һʱ䣬֪иطǹ˵ģصȥ˿
˵Щ˶һӵģͷƭˣͷͽܶɽԻͷϣʣµ֪ĶʮޣǶвС
ʱȥ˿ʱͬǣ˵޸˸ңʱڰȫķ飬ҶԤ׵ȥˣʱǽһҰ
޸ڱаˣõģٳԺȲȥҽÿȥؼʮƵģҪѿжѿ
Щ֮³ôңΪһˣҶ
ҶӰͩ
ʱͩͷССģ¶ëڶۿر峺ǽð亹
ౣͩһȻŤͷʼԼϵС
СҲۻƵ޲ϼҶصظģΪ˻˺öԼ֡ƽʱͩĶڰҶϣԼͷСܴĶʮޡ
ҶʱҲе棬֪ͩԼʰʲôš
ౣͩԼСһССӣСĵǰ档
ʶſ֪ʲôӵʱͩ֡ۡһ³һڻǡմȼһ£һɺζƮɢ
ϵıһʼĿ֣죬𽥱
֥ζŨˣһ֥ôɢҲ칫ҵ˶ŵӾˡ
ౣͩǰӣſֱϣԶӡ
һ㶣ʶҳԵģ
ౣͩͷ
һ㶣û뵽ͩ⻹ĿĵġҶղ˵ľӰҶͩȻڡ
ʲôӣɽԻͷʰҶ
Ҷ۾˿ǿˣǵԼׯûӰҲ֪ͩʲôʱĶŪá
ͩ㣬ⶫĶŪģҶ֣ͩǰһ˵ֽͱʷǰ档
̼رʣͩץĲǺܷ㣬ŤŤдֺƴ
д֮ ˿Ҷ˿Ƭ̵ȷʵǴҼõģǡһҰӣǿ֪ܲӦϣʱ˳ԵģڶҰݡҼһЩ˵Ӧóģû뵽
û˵ԼҳӲݵĶǱ켦Уָͩӣ˵㣬ҶԼٹ¶
ȷʵҰӣûж԰ɡֻܿһ£óһŹŹֵĻƷȼȷ
ϵıеᣬ˶ſԼζҲԣָֻͷճһ¡
ɶζʲôоҶʣԼûԹء
û˵ɫһʼƽ𽥱ùŹ֣ӲıʲôŪ˶ر棬֪զˡ


63 
𶯣ְסļ򣬹еʣʲôо㵹˵Щ˶ء
ɫԽԽѿָָ̧֣ſڡ
Уڲܳȥ
칫˶ţҪķӦҪǳȥˣѵҶ׷ȥ
ղͩóȼ֮ɢúܶڶڲͣ䣬Ҷʶ㲻ֲҲֲԶˡ
ౣͩȻתɱܵңԶİ칫һߣ˳ŰҶ·ܵļϡ
ë׵ĳҶıӣŪģûס˸ر硣
ͬʱһرƨرƳĴ
ӻǺҶʶסӣͩҲСԼͺͱӣڶ۵ĿԶ
ȥʲôζôŵƨʱͷԺģ۾Щˡ
ɽʱס˱ӣŤͷŻ
ౣͩӰҶܵſڿš
Ҷæȥͩţһ˳
濪ˣ¹ӻӣӣݵܳΪͬʱܣſڼסƨζ׷ϣʱҪˡ
ҶһæܵĸԶһ㣬˸򿪣ŵ档
ʲôƨȻôǸ칫Ҷܴˡ
һԵʳãһˡʳķ˲ͷ̲ˡȵȣֻˣѵ
ͿˣΪӣ
ɻ˶Ȼ򣬾˵˿϶ŲĳƨԭΪӣܽ͵ˡ
ֻζôӣȥȻܷųôƨһʱ䶼ȷ⵽Ǻûǻõ˵˵ܡ
ӴоզҶɴӲֿʱ˸УԭڼģʱѾ𿪣ʱʱ˹ζ֧ȥ
ſԶһֱڷƨһģʱɫʮѿ
ôǶɣĨ˰ֵĺܸоԼ·ҲƨѬˣʱ޲ð·ӵȥݼСʱˮ衣
Ҷ죬ˣҪһֱңͩҲڻģˣǶǺõġ
ԼɽԻͷɫص߹
ղܳٶҲקԼʦɽʱȻһŪҲһ㶣ʶӶóƷ
Ʒ뿪ָ˲俪ʼȼգƺеƨʲôӦȥˣЩԭסû£ʱܣ̫ˡ
˼ҰְָķһΪá˵Ȼס͵İθǰ߷Ʒûô˳ղšղš
ûˡɫӵĿŤͷҶ
Ҷһ㶣Լһͷˮء
ʱȻʲô֪Ҷʾ֭Ťͷպøͩĺڶ۶ϣҲ֪ôģʱһϴ֪ɣڶлٵʣҰӵþ
ȷʵˡɽԻͷأ֣صʰҶﻹжҰӣ
ûȥ֪Ҷ°͵
ʵԼҲ̫жҰӣƽʱżͷв٣ȷǲǶǱģ˽ͩ
˲̫ţʡ
ȷˣýһЩѧ֤֤˭ţڼȻӦý֤Ŷ԰ɣ
ǲҲЩѧϵڻˣǿԳһ
ɽԻ˵
˵Σ˵˺ܶ࣬˶˼û
ɽԻͷû˵ŤͷҶ
ҵģô˵㣡Ҷҵ˽˲ƲɣڳһЩҵĺģǡʣµˡϢɡ
ĶƾʲôЩ⴦ãǴʲôطõȨ
ɫһ䣬ҪȨ󣬴ʱðҶ칫¥ҲŲߣֱӷɱҶ
ڴʱ ɽԻͷ˵ûģдȨ
٣ʵҲûôԡҶ̵ЦЦǿ˵ĻȥѶǾͱǵˡǰҿסҼҵĶǵĶ
ڳĺüɫһ䣬Ϊǻôġ
Ҳ뵽Ҷܻ֪ǻôû뵽°Ҷֱ׵˵飬߲ûˡ
Ҳô룬ˮڣ˭ҪԣǾɡҶóһöҶƬ߷û˦ȥ͸ճǽϣתˡ
˻ŶӵǼϢ칫Աƺøˣά
ֻʵͽ飬Ƕһֻ֪˵֪ͨ
ҶЦЦӲ۵Ľ뿪칫¥гߡҹһ·ĬðҶԣһԲϾͶֱ֣Ӵƴҹͬά߲һǶûУһ̡ûС
ˬܱȱӰţԼĶԼҪǿջЦǿöࡣ
¹ʲô£ܾʹ죬ֻһֱҵĻš
ͩ죬ԺжٹõҰӣҶ˼ţʲôûܣͩԺس塣
ҹ˸ں棬Ҳе㼤Ǻö֪ܻٲƸ
ౣͩǰ棬һ·񱼡
Դ󣬰Ҷ¹滮ϼԭеӣҲϣټũûеİһЩǰȥRǵʱռģҲһЩ
Ϊֵׯڶ࣬һһľһЩר·ջʱСƳġ
ʱЩطһЩӲݣһֱͩżǸˣһţҰ࣬ȥһСƬһСƬġ
Ȼͩܵķɿ죬˲Ұӡ
Ҷܣпһ£ΪԼұҰӦв٣ôͩӣ񲻶ࣿ
صͷһ·ܵͷܿ쵽˾ͷ
Ҷ죬ѵǼҵıҰӶûˣ
ౣͩŤͷҡҡͷ
ǰûҰˣһ˿ǲǽǺĸֻʮֹ⻬ؿ档طÿʲôӲҲûУΪҶŪ˸ѣ󹫼
ౣ̧ͩצļѣȻһèӣ˽ȥ
ҶٹܣҪǿ˼ܸ֮ɾһζûС
󹫼ҲԼļѣʺԼȥٿӣٿϣ֮ԼѧоڸζʮֵĴ
ౣͩȻһ
˯Ĵ󹫼һ˹ͩǰ棬ɻ
Ҷú棬ϲյǰ濴˻ɶûǹģ󹫼ϲſ棬ֱ߾ǿġ


64 
໡󹫼һɤӣӼѴ˳Ϊǹģײһ¡
ҶֻԼϹڣŪԹֱֱȥô
ౣͩ׷˳
໡󹫼ǰܣų
ͩû׷ȥܵҶǰ棬СצӱȻʲô󹫼ͷһ˻ͼԼļꡣ
ҵȵȣҶһ֣קס󹫼ĳȣק˳
ոͩıȻȻû׾ģҲ֪󹫼йŹ֣ҪȻͩҲֱܽȥ
ȻǾͰȥ
Ҷ󹫼ѻȵģʲôϵıùŹ֣ѶóһҶҲ֪ԼӦЦǿޱȽϺá
ϺȻҰӣһСѾͳģǰҰȫһЩġ
ౣͩҶϡ
ɵƯͩҶͩСԴŤͷ󹫼ͷɥģڵϷ·ʧȥ롣
ǲܼġ
ðҹҶһһȫ˳󻹰Ѽѵó˶ȷһû¡
֪ǲҰ뿪ѵԭΧı˲öҲײ
ౣͩһ
ʱкüͷ켦в֪ʲôطΧڰҶͰҹΧѱһһЩñȽϴļг֣ëò࣬βʮֻеצɫ죬ץʯͷ
Щһƽʱûôע⣬ȻѾɳ̶ˡ
ʰҶһ·Ŷߣһ·棬ȷЩġ
صҶȫܷĺӰѶװãǻ򾣬ܰȫʱõģҲǼ 򾷭졣
Ϊ֤Լе뷨Ҷصһӵ棬Ժһбͩȫ
صҰӴʱûȫ죬ҰӡҶЩģǲ֪᲻ɥʬ
ౣͩٴαɱһ򾡣
ҶȥҴ󹫼̸ҹȥ
Ƿ˺ܶҰӣҶܵҹҲ̰ܵͼЩʱܹӾѾ㣬ʱҪ֪㳣֡
󹫼ںУûлѣͷɥġ
ιǽȻǱߣضҵģҳңͩ˵㡣Ҷ£ĳҰӵϴ裬ҸоѾͨ͸Ҫϴˣǲǣ
밡ҷˣҪǱ˷֣϶ðץ˵Ƥտ˳أֻռҰӶѣҲǲ㲹԰ɣҪʲô仰Ӧɡ
ǰЩӰҶţСһˣʱߴԼҵĴ󹫼ĸҶҵĴ󹫼֮󣬾ʹطɵǰԺԽǽͷȥɧ˼ңǰ˸ˡ
СҵĹԭѾ¿ʼôһ£ֲˡ
˵¶󣬰Ҷͦ˼ģҲû취󹫼ӣԸȽ϶أҲֱºֹܡ
󹫼һҶ˵Ҫʱ̧ͷ ۾һ
Ȼˣ˵ɣҪʲôֻҪܸġҶҿԸӲ߲ͣ˳ԸʳҲʵģܸż٣ɻ죬ϢһҪǰԺֲ
󹫼ðҶ˵ûȻ˵ͷ
УҶһڻؾǶ̫󣬲ܸ㡣ˣҲãһͷ׼ЩζĳԵİɡⷿһЩĳԵӪ裬һЩˮȵȣͷҸ׼һЩˡ
˵ҶҲûȥܴ󹫼תȥǰԺ
󹫼ǲˣҲֻǰԺֲֻܶôͷɥĻ˼ѣſ˯
ЩҰֹͩŹֵģûüǰεҰӳԽԽ࣬гˡͩԼռһ͵øŰҶˡ
ֲЩ˴󹫼ÿҰӳʱ򣬱¹ﻹǲı򾣬ʮַ񣬴󹫼ÿ춼İҰӵԼſ棬ڸϢ
ô࣬Ȼ󡭡ҶŪˡ
˺öرʢȫǰҹġ
ǰЩµӻСñҶд߷÷ɿ죬Ѿ˺üӣҹժˡ
ӣ滹⣬Ŵɿڡ
ҲһǰҶ߷˼ãʱһЩɣ˸ཷ赽һ𣬷ŵͺʹ׵ȵȣɿڡ
Ҷ˺Щŵͩԣһ߶ϲҪ̫ҪȻɴӵġ
ౣͩ˶ϵëоԼ֡
ϲһζרŴ۲ѡཷԣæȥˮܻԷ
ౣͩȻС
ˡҶ˿ڱּһӲˣȥ˯ڳֻ
ֻɽԻͷû뵽һʱ䶼Ȳˣʱʹ
ιҶᣬһ˵һּԷ
ǱɽԻͷʲôͩĽΣǱҰж٣ֻҪ㹻ҰӣǾͿԽͽʱǰҪĶκҪ󡣡
ɽԻ绰Ҫǻǰ绰˿϶ɽ
ΪҰǺöǻȷֲЧðɽԻͷ̬Ҳűˡ
ʱʵûҰ֮ǰɽԻͷڳʲôüĿ̬ȣɽ԰Ҷ̬ȶʦֵܣĳϴһ̬ȡ
ɽԻͷ֮ôºͣɽ԰ҶٴɫάֱϵºͶѡ
࣬ͳơҶ
Լж٣ɽԻͷѵõеżʡ
Ҷ룬˵֪ڳԷȹˡ
ҵ绰֮󣬰Ҷ˵ˣʱʣǾʵ΢˵ʲôôߣҾͲǸаǵ˵ÿһ仰ɣ
˷Ҷѵûȥ˯ܵԺϰܡ
ҰкüҶʱ䣬࿴˳ʲô֮ٳԼͰҹԡ͸֧ܣƣЪϢ
ȴ֪ɽԻͷҵ绰֮ɫʱޱѿ
Ҳֻ绰ȴָͨҶˡ
¹֪֮ǰǱõ֣
ƳɵҩЧ϶ãϧڵʦǷëǵĴڣ´ʱûɽ
ߣǳɽ滹֪ôˡ
ǵһõôģʱʱ޿̲ҰӣҪɽԻͷţҪҰҶˡ
֪µ˺ܶ࣬Ȼʱ˵ϢܣɽԻͷҪǸҶַˣЩ˱ضϢųȥ֪ʱҪҰӣɾϼˡ
ʵڲУȥһˡɽԻͷ


65 
ȷҰǺö֮󣬰Ҷ¹滮һԼء
ҪͩҶҲ˵˵
ⶫûʱ򣬿ŸͨҰûʲô𣬻ͩͱ켦ֱܷҶԼǿġ
ҰӿһоЩͷۻ
߼Ұӣбķ񹥻ʱ͵ô󹫼켦еȵǰػ򱻱ȥҶܾÿ϶Ǻ¡
ҲҰĴڣ-¶ĵطб򾣬ɥʬûȥ³󶼱ڳˡ
ȷⶫֲʲô𣬰Ҷһӵȥ
ʱʱͻεɥʬ󲿷˶ڼӣٳɱɥʬǰҶһˣεɥʬɱͬһط
ౣͩŰҶ˿ڻǣɢʮζζ
ԶԭĿεɥʬʱεҶӷŵһʯͷϣԼҶƬ㵽һߡ
ɥʬٶƺÿһЩ˫˵ʯͷϣֻ̫СҶڷ϶Уɥʬץ
նֻʣ۰׵۾ʶĿʯͷ˫ֲͣץӡ
ɥʬ֪仯ˣ¶ѾֹͣãڱӲǰˣץʯͷʯм׷ɣȻҲøˣѶԸˡ
ײʯͷ
Ҷһȷܹͩȥû𣿡
ౣͩͷ
ССӰʮȥûжԸ򾣬Ƿɿĳ嵽ʯͷϣɥʬ֮ǰͩɿĵӣתܻ
ҶĶҪᵽɤˣͩ˳
ûӣɥʬƽֿʼĴεҶϢĴչȥɥʬɱϵɥʬĵطڿ
Ӳܹͩζȥ·ҲͰȫࡣ
ౣһصͩܿˡ
Ҷ˲ϵĺȥˮԱߴˮϴ
ҹѥԺӱԵΧͷлȥҪǷгӾͳȥɱеĳԵеĵӵҪǷֱ򾣬ֱɱӵԱߡ
⼸ͷ켦ƿûãᴦѧϰ׶ΣΧһͷԴüȦı켦УͩŴǵġ
ɽҩҶȥ˿ʡ
ҹͷ
һЩɽҩѾˣֻⶫǿմܻҪֵĺãҪǽߣߵʱӣⶫǽһƬ
ȵʱ򣬾ͻкܶɽҩ֦ҶȵȫήǸ괺ѿ
ϻרŵɽҩЩӦǴģҪ
ɽҩȥˮͲùˡ
緹Ƚϼ򵥣Ҷ¶һ֡
һ㣬Ǻ棬־һ㾾һŵʵĴҶûõǰװĸ
弸˺Ͷ꽴һٷˡ
ݵʱͩûҶſڴֻRǵ»ڷͣ³RǵƲˡ
źɽģֲӦģ˰ˣɽԻͷ˾Ȼϣô
ܺãûõǾͽ·츲غˡ
ȫµ˶֪ڲֲνˣǳΪ˾ɲΪѹβƸźɽ߬˳ᢵԺRǸ·ڶţ˲ֵĺõһΪͽܣѧϰҵֶΡ
ȥ˶֪
ʱRǺLǵȵ綼ͨõģһЩƶȻûؽźɽ˶ֽǺ׵顣
ڹƶȺȫǰҲǻָˮӪ˷ʤܲɵǣźɽиرӪ˲š
ǱŻӣŵкڵģԷֱ١
L߿˻ᣬҵ޸ָ¡޸һʼĦȭƵģ׼չ֣ܿ˶֡
ֻLֶ߰࣬ʱռϷġ
ˣǸ֪Ļ֪ˣȥ칫¥ѯʵֻһСֶѣǾ֤
ɽԻͷ˵Ĵڣڸˮ棬¾ǺǻڻδķչѾɱ⡣
ɽԻͷԺ϶ḡˮ棬ʱ¾㱸ˣڸû׼ãҲ졣
ǸٸĹϵûкõһ̶ȣټ춯ҲûɣֲǱ˵ֶû֣Ͳòˮ棬֪ǵĴڡ
ٸͷᣬɽԻͷʩѹʱ·Ѿϲò
˵ӦǺ¡Ҷٸһϣһ·ı޲ߣɥʬ޲ߡ
ʵϹٸ֮ӸɽԻͷҲΪ
ҹȻҵд˼ָҶ
ҶŤͷһæӴ֪ˣȥæͩأ
ҹָæдָҶ
ƽʱˣһ㶼֪ͩܽͨҶͩȽæ
첻֪ΪʲôӲݳıƽʱ࣬ƽʱֻҪӲݳ־ͻȥҲû£Ӳݻǲ̫ǿˡ
ʱϿɸɾģڶ糿ȥܷкܶӲѸѿöССҶƬ
ͩȷżǽȥݣ⼸ͩûɱ£æˡ
ӲҪǲܣׯڵӰǾ޴ģׯֱҪбӲݳ󣬿СƬضꡣ
ȥ˴ţɽԻͷɽֵܶˣҶе㶼죬ɡ
Ժɢļֻܹͷ˿һɢˡ
ر𣡡ɽԻͷϴ
Ҽÿ춼Ҷܵ˽ݡ
ͨũҷݣڻܱôãѾرѵˡʱ¥ҲûиǰһģܶطѪ߱ʬ帯ãɢζ
жҰӣܸǿ𣿡಻סȿڡ
ûǴĻǺҵĺУҲκνסҪӺ͵øҵӮҲСҶ˵
ʱһʹ
ٸ칫¥öҶȥҶƬʱ񣬵˭ûǰѽҺܶ˿֮󣬶ʶչҶƬͻȻԼϡ
Ϊ£Ƕȣ˽û˵Ҷ
˵¹ʲôôôֻǸҶֱˣ̬
ǰһġ
Ҫǿ϶Ҫˡ
뵽Щ˵ĻҲΪȻͬɽҹ򣬶ң޷ȻҲЩҶôģûС
źɽżҷӣҲûġ
Ա֮£Ҷֱħͷһ˭Ҹûм͵ٶ֣
ôҰһ㶼óˣɽԻͷһת˸ʡ


66 
ౣͩߵɽԻͷǰ棬һ죬³һҰȻæתܻذҶߣһ˫ڶ۵ĿɽԻͷ
ŴĹŴǿʼԸֵʱҰӾѡʳ֮УȻͣζҲôãʹӻñ档䶬ٵʱЩҰӻܾȺܶ˵
ֻǺ𽥷˸õֲֱִҰӱͷӲݡ
ûȫʧַʽ
ɽԻͷǰһҰӣ̧ͷҶֿ˿ͩʲôû
ȣͩġҶɽԻͷϵı˵û𿾹㳢
ɽԻͷһʱû˵
Ұӿƽ棬ͩһڻ֮󣬱һ㴫 ʱҰȻԭ֭ԭζģմͩĭ
ͩҪٽţҶ
ͩſڰҶԱ߶ɽԻͷһֱûͩ;ԼצеŤͷ˿ҶƺûգǾûס̧¡
ɽԻͷһ仰û˵Ťͷɽƽɡ
ԴҶɽϴʱҶһǰߵģúûӣһֱһҪһӣûע⵽ɽԻͷ˼
ʱɽԻͷ˵ɽҲûӷŵȻȥ
˶ЩŵĶǰҶ뿴ɽķӦ
ŻɽʱÿɬһŭĿҶǲǸҼٵģôôࣿУܲˡ
һ˵Żɽһߵ嵽档
¼ȥ棡Ҷ׷󺰣ɲʰŻʮֶġ
ͺЩ˽ˣȻͩóӣӦȥտĵطҶǵõؽмţӦ׼á
üƻ첻ϱ仯ɽԼܳȥˡ
յϣɽһˣͬʱһɹ಻ƨҲ
ˣı򾣬СĴܵƨǻһ˵ϣȻţȻûжˡ
Ҷ˸ϷڣԶԶأɽַƨ
ûͩǵҰӣЧȽϼҰҶ˵ҪٸǼǻȥӸԣ
ҲáɽԻͷϺܵȴʵʵڵ˿
ԼݺôôҲǶɽڵĸţҪǴʱɽɽԻͷԼ϶ᱬըġ
ι˿˵˵ܣҶɤӺ
ɽͷ̧ۣţͼٵĹ˸䣬ܵһô棬¡ˡ
ȣûҰӣЧиΪҰҶеεĿԼ˵ˡ
ɽԼϵ··մ˳ζԼĲУǾȴ֮ܲǰˡ
Ҷԭصɽ˵ܣҶҲûȥԼңһζģǿ
ǺöɽɫеֻЩʣȥɾȥĻͻҪ˿ܻܲס̼
ôһ˵ҶŷӦɽͨǲһģҲͨ˲һ
ҵʱܿ죬ͷ˵ģƲסԼ塣ֻܣŹ̽һȫɣҲøãǰǵóŹ
ɽͷҪһЩ
ΪǶͨˣܰȥҪǻͨˣָ
Ҷ⣬˵ʶǲһģǻ˵ܲģе˶ͷƤѪҺͨëľҴ̼ĶźܸߵҪ
ҰӡɽԻͷʡ
û˵ۺڴ
ǲУҵĺˡҶǿԭĻֻҲڲǻȥţʰ˾ͰѶȥ칫¥̯ϣʱֻۣҪǺˣ򣡡
⻰ɽԻͷͱνĺǽڶѣϻֶҪڰҶԼУǻƿضѡ
Ҳ⣬ϾǺöɵӲŻṰá
˶һۣ˼׼ȥʵ飬ջСȻûõӣҲ⡣
ˣҶŻصС
ҹͩһЩ˰ɣáҶ˵ⶫҪܴ󣬵ҾũӦò
ϣҹЩ£ʱܱƽûб̬߱Ѿǿˡ
ҹ˵ͷͬ⡣
Ӳŷϣͩ˿ˮߵǰ棬ȻʼһĶǡ
ʱ֣ҶԼҲ˿ĭҲ׼һЩ
ͩǣҶӷֳ֣Լһ룬˰ҹһ롣׼ȥҸտĵطԣҲ׼ˡ
ҶһŤͷſھۼһȺָļ
ϹƵʵҲһֱ۽⿴ߣȻ뷨
ȣԵĻҶͩɡͩӵĵط֪Լȥõ㣬˸ǳ԰ɡԼҲԣǼûơ
ౣͩͷ
棬Ҷһһӡ
ζǲһԴ࣬ģԹƵġҶעű򾣬ʱʱҶƬȻǹؼԵʱ١

ʮ֮󣬰Ҷûס˺üѵϷ
ȻɶӦûУԶİҹӦͦģ·ڣҲŷߡŰҹˣصع˿ְҶѾĵĿʼˢҳˡ
ֵ˰СʱҶȶˡ
ౣͩӼܳŰҶ˺üԴӣҲʲôӦûУ͸ʳƵġ
ȥɡҶЩɻ
ӼȻųʵģôӦڶʰɣ˵Ӥճʱ˵һɾģܿҪǵĿԸָʳ
֮ʲôӦûУ˵ʲô
˵ҪôޱʲôʶûУ˵УҲͱų⣬ҪҰӣҪôڵֻ̫࣬һӸûá
Ȼųһʣ涼ٳԣȻһξŸɾġ
˵ҾͺءҶԼЦͩҲһˣٺ١
ౣͩҶ϶ţĿ⾼Ŀǰ
ĺܶ켦жЩ仯Ҷϸ˿ͩûиеı켦гӣӦʲôǡ
ֻƽʱ쿴ЩУʱͻȻ仯Ҷһ۾ܿ
Ǽұ仯ôӦףһ£ҶЦԴ͡
ҹı仯ܴƤױϸˣԭİҲ˱仯ҶӦúܿ䣬˵ҲøӸɾ·һƵġ
һЩˣҶȥؽöհװԽԽ٣Ѿʼհװ±ζѼѼȵˣҲʣµĲ࣬ԷûⰡ


67 
ౣͩ泶ֽ˲ţȻϣ̵ǰߡ
ӱԵһ̻Ƭܲ˿Ͱײ˿滹ݷķ˿ͶƤͣɫʮֺÿͩͷǰߡ
г˿ԱͺΡ۵ȵȣܲ˿ͩϲġ
дĺ⣬˵ǰҶӵؽѷĹͷ࣬ҲǽӺòó
Ⱥĺðʶ壬ر㡣
ͩǰˣͶǰ棬ʮĶŴĺ⡣
ĽĸֳɵģҶͷһûãͷܹģһԵġ
˷ҶϴСָֻͷСͰҹһһװһӣȻŵС
ϴϴΰҶ±ζë±ǧǿæջʱһҵģʵ϶ӦǧҵģҲ֪ôôСҲˡ
˭뵽ôСϴأ
ʰţ˵绰Ҷһµģ뻹ǽ
ԽԽҲԽԽ࣬ţһѣŸ˹ȥ㿴ôûӣʱе°Ҷˡ
Ҫǻ˱ˣ¿϶ӣҲ˵ôֱӣػʮ˵䣬ԼĻȥʮƯС
Ҷ˲µ˼ֱ׵ɽԻͷȥ˵ҵҰҪŵԡҪһˣ
̯ӵȷʵãLȻҴ߶࣬ԴԴͶģֻǰҶ߲ˣ±ëȵȣ˵ļۿɱȷ桢סȵȸ߶ˣҲֻرḻ˲Ż߲ˣƸƿζ˻Ǻٵġ
Ҳ̯ӿⷿİװʳƷȵȣҶļǮȽϸߣ˶ڹ
ЩװʳƷеı¡£һ꣬еĶɻհװʳƷϣЩֵܱĶҶȱҲЩ
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ʵЩ˻ӹܰҶأԼеĲƲͩðҶٸϰ࣬ɹٸžˡܿ˷ҵͰ˸˻ȥ˶ΣֻЭ̯ӡ
ҶԼյСӳϢ֪巢ʲôˡ
имСӳʱȴһ㶼û¶ǵɣǵ˵ţҪȥǱߣ̸
У˿ΪҶҪ׵ء
ڹٸѹҲܴϹRǣɽԻͷ˵Ĵס˶֪ǵĴڣ̽̽ڷ磬Ҫһɶġ
ǾܵģԼʣ͸ˣϾڵߣʵҲͱͨǿһô
ɥʬı仯ҲֻаҶһ֪֪Ļġ
ϻ˵ס¥ĸǣã˺ܶʳ̫ܳ壬żϵҲû£λþLǣܰȫǸǴլĵϡ
ʱأ¥иɥʬһֱڸεǸûɱɥʬҲûɱϴƬ˵Ҫɥʬʲô仯
ܶ˶ɥʬӦʧŶԣҪȻҲ𽥱ôУԸΥɥʬֹͣãøˡ
Ǹ˵ɥʬһ¥Ĳˣ֪ʲôʱܾͻᴳ뵥Ԫ棬к£æȥɥʬɱˡ
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ʱ֪ɽԻͷ˵Ĵڣ϶ҪݺݵץסᣬѯRǱߣRаԸ⴫˱ǿĹôҲкܶΪ˻ȥȥ
ԹٸôżҪҶȷ£ֻҪӵĴڣɽԻͷ˾Ϳͽȶסˡ
ڻءҶ˿칫¥ˣ
ҹͷȥ޴Ĺ㳡вˣ칫¥Ű칫кüΪ˰㳡ϵˡ
һֱҿĸɻ϶ܲˣñ
˰칫¥ҶѲȥ̯ǱߣԼı켦СűߣͷԴ˺ܶࡣ
ȣһﻹðɣҶе㲻˼ǲǳԵĺܶࣿ
ܴ󡣡СЦŵͷǺܴѾҼ򵥽ˣĴ󲿷Ҷ֪
Ҳ֪󣬶ཻܱøҶСûʲôִŷġ
Ͼֻ켦涼ͦõģǷ̫󣬸ͰƵġ
Ѷ£ҶðҹڿⷿԼͩȥ˰칫ҡ
ɽԻͷɽֵܶڣϴοҲڣһЩˡҶСӳ˫޵Ľ˸ۣװϤӡ
ڰ칤ϣ˶޵Ŀۡ
͸ģԿһİװһӡ
ˣͷϢĻǸǮĻһŶΣҶ£ȿڡ
˶û˵иüⶫĹãԵûɣǲǵóһЩһЩʵ飬ݣ֤ݣǲźø
˵ĺеҲáҶ
Ӹҭһ£˵ʲôθһɫű죬û˵
ǮȷŵһߣӿͻҾӦơ˵Ȼ׼ǰ滹űʼǡ
ҶͷȷʵҺˣԲףҵһֻһöӣϾҵĶ࣬øõСߣƷãʮģҲܸ
СǱ˼ˣ˵ܲһЩã˵칫Աȵȵȡ
ĻҶ۾һ¡
κʱ򶼲ھԹƽǰҶԼȷӵĹ֮ȸ˰ҹԼõĺܶ࣬Լұ켦ҲһЩˡʱԷҪܺ⣬ǰ칫Աʵ̫ˡ
һҶҳ˵ǰ棬ⶫȻҵģǺܶࡣҵ뷨ǣܵĸõˣɥʬûٶ٣򾻹ڽ춯Ҳ֣бֲȵȡ
Ǳ̨˵ĺףЩνİ칫ԱҪܳȥɱɥʬôҶûж϶Ƕһͬʡ
ЩҪǴʮְȫİ칫¥ڣҪȨҶԼܲˣҪԼĿȥһЩõ¡
СӺҵθڣǾרɥʬģǣûСӳǰ˺ȻЦ
Ʒװʮ꣬ʱȤؿŰҶ
УҲҪռһڣߵ˸ڣͬҪΣմ򽻵û
ҶҲûֻҪ̬Щ֪Լ뷨ˡ
˵ʵĶǴУѹҲܴġ


68 
Ӱ칫¥֮ǰҶͳֻСӳ˸ţȻͰҹһ뿪
ʣµ»òˣרҵԱƹ㣬ֹҲܹĵĶˣֵԭLǣǲˡ
ౡŸմ򿪣ͩԼܵԺм䣬һɤӡ
һȺܳո߰СáҶɨۣǶǳԹӣ仯ġ˵ЩһӣҺûƨԼȥ˿ӣЩðҶӵˣûжѵŽʡ
仯ļױϣԭͱͨļвһʱı仯˵һܿȫһˡ
еëйеצӸӷе۾ʮ鶯еġˡ
ౣͩǰܣĴССļȫϡ
ܿһ˸䣬ȥˣҲ֪ʲôҶܷģͩڣŪׯھˡ
ǰԺһЩˮָܲͷ ѾԳˣҶȥһЩ
˵ܲͺܲһûζˮر࣬˳ֱۣôҲУе
ԼûˮҶˮˡ
Ǳ߰ҹҲ˸ܲУһȥ˳æҪʰȵȡҶҲҪǲɻŻ᲻
ŴܲҶȥ˿ĢҲ֪ôģĢҲر죬ѾҪԲ£׼ɹˡ
ϹҶϹкܲԲԣ
Ϲܵſԭ΢΢Ķ˶βͣȻûӦˡ
ҶģܲչȥʵģȻеһ㹷ܳԣӦòһԳԵġҶԼܺģ㲻㷵ϻָͯ۷ʱڻǿԵġԿܲҿ
Ϲûˣ̵б۾۰Ҷ
ιҶܲŵԱߵĹεˣˡ
תûԶҶ͵͵Ĺ˸䣬͵͵Ϲ
ǼһﱳԼûҶ֪Ϲ϶ܲġ
һϹҶһϲ׼ֻϹƽʱԶɶ
ߣһÿζܵԺˡ
Ϲת˸Ȧ׼ȷҶߣӡ
ҶֻˣˡǸܲҪǲԣ͸Ժļгԣǿ϶ϲ
ϹĬؿŰҶ߿̵ػȥ̵ܲĿУ̫ˣڲǺܺãԵĺһ㶼ÿ
ʱˣҶͩţڵˮЪϢ
ʮֲ۶ôӲ·ֻЩֻͩҪҳ͵
Զһܵ͵ĸװʻܿͣڣСӳҶһЦ
Ӱ칫¥ʱ򣬰Ҷ͸Сӳ˶ţһˡ
Ұȷʵܶ࣬Ҷȥ칫¥ȴֻǺٵһ֣֮ô˵ֻЩ˵ĳЩ㲻Ҫֶ̫ѡ
ߣҼҺһҶЦҼо⣬͵ˡ
ٺ٣ǿɲˡСӳٺЦ
սʿǰҶʶģû˵졣
صҺСƣŲˣҶͰ˵ˣҵһӣӦõɽԻͷ˵ϰɣʱѡʺʵȳţⶫʵͼӰҾ˵ٶҲ죬ʵĺö
СӳЩæ˶֪ת棬ôôţֲ¶ȫˣʱǱ֪˵ǽ쵼
⻰˼ǣսʿǱߵ쵼ˡ
ݻҶϲģæСӳƣЦҾͷˣͷõعϡɶģҴš
ɣСӳͷ
Щߵʱ򣬶û֡
СӳҪ䣬ǲ͸ģȫһһӣеĿźеĿ˵ȶ
ʵļҶһЩЩ󣬵ͳȥҶˣǾͣ
ȷֲ¶Ҷ˿ЩȻֲڼһֱöţҲûܴ߷ڵǿԹķųˡ
ذҶܹȥúõĴ߷һֲ
֪ͩʲôʱԱߣŰҶֲ̲סȻǰ̧צֲһš
ҶһأղûסͶſˣͩڡ
Ҳ֪ǺǻҶ룬ǾⶫţҪ⵽Ǹɶ
ౣͩҴȥ˵ء
ҶŹȥͩܵ˽Ա߶ţСڶۿĿԼ̲סЦɣԲ˽
˽Ƥͷ󣬳˿ζرã̫ͩܳģƫƫϲζԴӷֲ˽ֲǺ֮󣬾رϲˡ
˷Ҷпֻ
մ磬Ϣֻóֻ˿ԼһԼ˳ȥץӿ쵽ˣǸΪҶʧˣż
ֵܣûʧֻ⼸ȽæǰԼʱʱҴһЩץ 
Ǳ߼ǹ˼ӹͻظˡ
ǰɣֵܣôΣգʱ棬ҸָʵҵʣֱӷֵˡǱҲȥڳﶼΣա
Ϣ㿴û˵ɥʬˣҺɥʬһȣȻ׷Ͼûˡе춯ˣ㱻ҧ
ֵû£Ͳȥ˰ɣ
һһϢҶĬӦǴ󲿷˵̬ΣյĵطԲȥһҪڰȫĵط˵Lǡ
˶ţĸãһҶ⣬ûͩҲѡܵĻĸһ㡣
û˲Ըš
룬ظٸ½ǰϢ˵ʿҪ׼ͽʱʵɥʬԸˡ
Ǳ߳ĬһŻظҵȥٸĹ̫ˣҴﲻ
ҶĬ
ڻ˵˵ӻ̫̫ˣֻܹ޵ˣȻöĶһ㣬ҪȻͻ
ֻҪϣǺõģҶοҲԺſġ
ֻҶڴϿ컨塣
̲ס˼Լһ̫СޣƽʱԼֻҪˣȻĸһ㡣
ǰҶܿǧ绰
Ǳ߹һŽ绰ǧô͸һִĪԸУ˼鷳¡Ҷ̸𣿡
ͻȻôʣҶһ£ʶ֪ʲôʱͩûУôˣ
ֱϣҶǧ˵϶ԼûйϵΪǲǺʵˡ
ȻǧЩƣ˵£ǷȢһŮˣھͿʼ̸֪ʲôˣҵ״̸̬ȡ


69 
Ҷڴϣֻǧô˵еĸоܸӡ
ౣͩܽˣԴڰҶָֻϣʮֻͲͷĽŻһһġ
绰Ǳǧ𪲻֪뵽ʲôЦ£ŪðҶһ
˳úÿҲĪģǸ֪˲ܣҶǸϲˣԼҲǸضտذɡ
˵ǸҵĶӦʶаҶơǧЦֻһ棬ͶұˣҪ顣Ǳͬ⣬˵׼ǼҪܿȥҲܷչĸá
ҶĬ
ͻȻӦǧԼ˵ʲô̸Ҳֻ˵˵ѣĻֶζˣĲ̬αװҲӦúܼ򵥣ǧԼ˵ģӦǰҶˡ
ĨǵĸҶԼӦǵ绰ǧ𪣬
ҶƲʲôöǰǽܣڶϾϵˡҶ룬Ǳ˵ͼ׼ͷУҲȷʵӦԼ֯ȥRǣʷ϶ǲȱġ
뵽˺ֻû˵
ǱЦЦǧ֪˵ɣʲô£
ҶͰеľ˵һ顣˵Щ˲࣬СӳǲУ̯ӵСҲУҹǿԣԼ뷨࣬ȥҶֻ˵ǧ
֮仹иϹӦǲ̫Ϥ˰ɣ
ɱˡǧȻ˵ǰѧʱΪұȽرഺʱƴЩأҲǸǲһǾǹĴºţҵ·ȫͬѧ꼶ͬѧЦңˮ
ȫĺܲ⡣еȢŮ챻̣ȫСĿЦеĺȾƣԼˣеָ𣻻бؽԺģʵûëҶ𣿡
Ҳܶ໵£Ҳ£׬Ǯ֮ǾȥġҶ㶮ҵ˼𣿡
ǧû䣬ҶеĸоȴˣִͲУ·µһ˵ǰδ˼⣬ǧ˴𰸡
˺һҶЦʲôʱпҼҳԽӰɣǧǿļѧϰĲˣͷܱҵ
ãǧЦ֪Ҷͨˡ
Ҷϵ绰ҶڴϣͩС۶ӡ
ͩĺˣѰҶ˿Լ֣̾˿ԺǻǼ˼Ʒ½ΰɣȻҵͻȻ鲻ãȥˡ
˫֣Ҳɱ˵ģҵʱûκԥͽš
оܲãҶȥظɻ
¢еĵطҶһЩ֥飬ڸոճ磬ʵִ֥ζͩſţҲǣطʱϢĵˡ
֥ջˣ֥ɹ֮ˮˮ㡣
ͩҪ֥硣Ҷӣ׼ժëȥ˳ԣܹͩȥſţæѣؽѺ֥ǣͷҸһ飬㱳ţʱŵζ
ౣͩ˶С壬ŰҶߡ
رԵ֪Լģ˭ֵģһЩѾˣȥʮƯһͷиպ·չȥţʮƵ߿ˡ
Ҷˣ⻨ÿŰ
ౣͩͬĵͷȻŹˡ
˷Ҷʰණֳţҹڼ￴ҡ
LУûȶðҶͿһȫ¹ʵʵֻܿ۾ӽԼ첽
ѹһ˵÷ƬȷϣֻҪһ֣Ҷϳ
ֵܣɣŰҶͷ̲סȷϣ㣿ץôֳ
ܣֻҪܱ֤ȫˡȥĵطǵǱץͷǼͷҶԼ߻ҵֳ
ǡڸ˵˵ַҵʾˡǾʵĿ˿ΧֲԶи̳æԶЩ
浽ΣգҪ±¶ԼҵĵֱַԼҶԼҼˡ
ʱҶֳϹŶ֣ǵ綯ģ˼ƤһûСǾðҶֱпӵĶƣȥץ²Լ̫
ֵܣȰһ䣬װܻLȫǿǱ࣬أҾͲ˵ˣһЩֲһ£ǲǸҺô
ҶؿһۣΪԷֻ᲻ͣҪʣȰԼ˵˵û뵽ĵġ
ȻһֱôȰңǾ͸ȥɣʡҶȻֿһЦǰŸǵĲӵ ֻװãû뵽ʵո˵󣿡
Ǹһ㶣ȻеţµĴҶ
Lǳֳֵһǰܣӻе£Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôֱֳɰҶֳﳵ
okϢһ¡ҶȻ˵ﳵĶͷˣҲ̫̲ǡ
ౣͩһţ߷һ򾣬ȵ䵽ֳϣ۹·˷ʮֻ
·ѾϢܶΣо飬ֳͣһϡ
Χı͸ƵģͣĴðΣֳָʼսս֮⣬ѾܺܵĽֳˡ
ౣͩڰ棬צӷֱץס򾣬߷ɵͬʱҲѱɱˣǡ
һʼֿһһ㶵ģòŲΡΡ˷ܵĲѵʣǸǸֻ졭
ҼͩҶĴƤֿۣȻͳɹֳŵһϢʱ־͸ﳵˡ
ٴδƤҶóͷƬ˼ըȻˣҶϰʱϡ
㣬Ƥﻹ±ë±һȣʵĲҶܲƤﻹͺ
ÿϢʱ򣬰ҶͻóͷƬȳʳַ
һγԵͷƬܳͷƬִ࣬ŨŨĵ㣬ҪˣѾܾúܾûԹôʵĳʳˡ
ˮܲ㣬Ҳռǰų̂ʱȻ˵ȽϰȫͲ˵ˡֳͷƬ±ֱӯ̫óˡ
úøɣﻹкܶԵġҶһ
ҪǵϢٴֳʱˡ
ˮҲǴӼģտľˮÿȪˮƿװˣŷġ
Ա㣬ָɾʮ㣬һ·ûͣص˵ط˿ָǰǰҼֶ࣬Ӧö档ǿϵĺۼӦúҵУұﲻסˡ
զˣҶƿˮȣץһҪץһͷȥ


70 
ౣͩһܻ
ˣҶü
һ·ϳԵ̫࣬ڸյط̲סˣ㵽һžͩȥɱ򾣬ػˡ
ٺ٣˼ֺٺЦо˰ûôЩöˣһʱθ̫ˣ䶯Ŀһ㡣
ౣͩҶļϣ̧Сָ֡
Ҷͩɣǻÿأץȥѡһͷ˵ģɱ˳⣬ʱԸ֣
ౣͩˡ
ӣҶ׿µĺۼЩԭȦʱ죬ҲûиҰһһЩһꡢûô
ģͻôʼ࣬Դ󲿷һ꣬һڰȥ
𣿡Ҷʡ
ᣡҧҴСߵܶ඼˵ôɣ
ҿðȫȥҪ͸˵˵Ļ㲻ҪͩĻģҶ𣿡
ܣʶԼˣȻѾˣҪŬðҶóԵģˣƤﻹкԺ
ĦȭƵһʱ󾪣溰Сĵ㣬ԶԼʮ׾һͷܴӦǱ˵ģΧͷСһģӦû졣ǡ
˵ҪҪȶһ㣬һͷͿҶȻô·ͩһ·ϱҷĳǱȥˡ
ֳڲƽ·ϣȽҲȽϴ
ҶȥʱͷģϵĳëѾһ˫۾ĶԼ˵˫˦ҶƬ
⻹ǵһζֳ֣аɣҶһҶƬ˦
ౣͩҲŴУ
ͩض㿪ɹȥҶƬȥͷϣһͷһڻצչӲ˺ͷƤ
ͷͷ󣬿ȥʮǿ׳ʱ۵˫Ŀ죬ԭزͣر
ͩͺצճƵģȻڳһצ пԿǣȥץһѡ
޴Ȼأ顯һ졣
Ҷһ㶣ȥսⲫأֳϵĿûüóͩ͸ˣ
ŵǰ˿ȷȷʵˣԴһСڣȥȴʮִĿġͩͷ˲צϵѪܵҶǰ棬ౣ
ͩСָָΧҶЩץ
ͨСģûʲôرģһ֦ߣЩץѸ󣬰ҶܿͩץӰˡ
һҶʮּѵϵֳϡ
ȥ·ϿտĵطЪһЪˡҶеûˣǳǸװģһֳô㡣
ܴٵжٽңֳŵģ˩ȺͲӣȻԹԸߣû
ȳԵ㶫ҶƤѳԵĶڳ
Ա߾֣ߵıֲﲻǺ֦ܶ࣬ǺռҶܾƬط֮Աֲûô࣬ΪͷڵԵʡ
ĶֲȻľҪչԼ򣬱߲εĴڡûôӦܡ
Ǳ˰ҶΧ˱򾣬ͻȽϰȫġ
һЩ֦Ҷóȥ
֦ͩ˿ĭ˸ǡ
֦ȼգҶͷ˿ڸ⿾ԣûߣֻܳԵˡ
ղӳȥҶƬȫ˱۾ҪȻͩҲûôɱҶΪԼܻٴιŹ֣Ըﶼûڲء
ֻΪʲôҶԼҲ벻ס
ⶫϢҶóֻ˿жŷǰҹġ
ܺãץˣɱһͷڼ׼ˮȶǻȥҶֻظ
ٸѾȷ춯һЩǿԳԵģܳԣҪǱɥʬǾͲܳˡֳŻͷƬֳϵ˿ڿˮͷС
Ҷ˸֦ѣôҪ
ҵ룬ͿˡȷˣҶԼһΣյĵطȷʵո˵󣬶ߵͩҲ
ͷϵ˿ڣֿʲôŪģͩצҲɸɾģܾӦøͩЩϵ
ɣҰȥҼңҸ㣬һЩˣôҶ
ҲûĴӦˡ
߻ؼұþLǣLʱвٶڸ¥е˿Ҷп϶ǸɵӣȻô޷ȥ
ǴȥǻһͷѾɱģЩٿ뷨Ȼı䡣
ˮڰɡҶüͷһ壬ѡLǣ·Ļ̫Զˣǵĸ̫ԡ
ĸֱͦ࣬ȰҶеĸܳԣʣµĲˡ
ֳ꣬ЩظĽLǵʱһЩС߲˺ܿڴ棬һ˫˫۾·ϵֳͷһͷ
ⶼǻ⣬ҪһͷԼԲˣȥܻʣ
ڴ󲿷ʶٸƣǿ϶Ҳȱɣ
ܶ˶ĶˣΪǰҶֻˣȥݵģӡ
ǿ϶ȥ˺ܶˣˡƶ
ǡ
ȥ
ܶ˳·ߣǳ֣֮ԭͬ뷨˻кܶ࣬ʱȻҵһͬĸо׷׾ֱ׳
ౣͩеڶ۽Ķ·ߡ
Ҷ֣Ȼǰﲻʲôæҽһ񡣡
˵أ֪ԼͰҶץôЩмʣ֮˸࣬;ֱ׳ˡ
ԶҲ˿Ѿ·ϣ͵ŰҶȥˡ
һЩ˶ں棬Ѱܹ͵ֵĻᣬһЩ˰಻סŹӵȶܵǰš
˵һˣеڶܿǰ浲˼ʮˣȫڡ
Ƕ¥ӹĳʳһ㶼óԣ׶ʱһЩ۾ˡ
Ҫȥֳͷ˴󺰡
ԣȥ
ķߣ
ֳͣ£Ҷͩߵǰֳ
һȦЩϵı𽥱ȻôƵġʱҶҪİǣЩ˻ðҶӦôȴʱ˵һЩʱҶͻɱﳹ׵׵ķɡ
Ǳʱ˵ƶôױ任
ǿɶȷҪˣҶ󺰣ΪǣֻҰǵıֶˣ
ԣָ߸ߵؾֻתһȦ


71 
ЩԥˣǺ±֪£Լʱָܵ
һЩˣһת˵ӶҪȥˣˣô죿
ǶǱƵġͷһͷȾǵôˣ
ȿܻȥˡ
ģֱֱ׳ðҶ֣зͷָģΪӦðѴҶع⵽ϣRǵЩħʲô
ǺðɣҲòˡҶθҶ֮ǰҪȸѣǿɲܼǺңҾԲܼǺңԼڷġҶ֮󣬸Ų𣡡
˶ɵһŰҶҲ̲ס۰Ҷ
ڳУֻͩһ⣬СԴſڰҶ͸·϶棬ŰҶ֡
ѾĿ춯ְɣ̲סˡ˵ã㶯֣ǾԶˣ
İɣ㾡֣ܶǶǺ㡣
ɵӣ춯ְ
ҶðҶɵӣ˵ЩΪʱ䣬νƵʱҲõˣҶôɵһжҵģͬ˲ܶࡣ
ҶŴҵķӦԼҲðĲ٣ܷĴ󵨵Ķˡ
ٺ٣ɶҵģҶٺһЦҶƬҪ˦ȥ
û·ˣֻǰˣҶƬҲû˦ȥܶ࣬Ҳֻʮöѡеĵùʮˣȫˡ
Ҷ־Ȼʮһϸ˿ŷ֣ԭʮһùǱߵץɣʱҽеı˭
֣ߣҶ
ŴҶᣬ𾪣ûŪ״ҶæȺڼиҪ֣ҶֿĽˡ
ǰ·ߣǲ߷״Щԥ
ҶûԶЦֻҪֻˣҶ£ҵȻôǺܴ󣬵ʱɱǾ޴ģû
ǡǣֻе£϶Ҷ´󣬶Է϶ֵܸߣû뵽ҶֶΡ
ЩеһȥܲңɱҪʵǡرҲ̶á
Lǳֱӻش塣
ԺѾ֧ʱ̨һںܴˮŻ𡣰ҹҳͷȵȣˮԱ߻ŸָĴ衣
׼ĺȫҶ
ҹָָȦ
׼ʱ򣬰Ҷ͸ҹһȦʰˣܴͷȥá
ʳеˣһ£ŵʯУֻԵĺܿġ
·ϰҶȷˣͷûбˣһͷģͷĸģ֡ɱı˹ҲǺɵ¡
һ붯֡
ëצжβ͡ͷʿ඼ó
ҹϴ󳦣һ㶼û
Դӽ˰ҶԺĲˣֿȥԿóļǣ˵滹о޴Ĳˣ˶㶵ģװҶΪʲôҪˡ
ĻôãȻҪ׷õˡ
°ҶĲ˾֡
ͷצβ͵ȵȣûһ飬ȥëҶصذ˲õú޳Ϊ˳ǻȥˡ
æ죬ҶԼҵġ
ֻеǼǵķӲŻṩ磬ⶼǹٸĹ͡ʱ򲻵òϣйٸڣ˾ðġ
ܶط̱ˣ˵ܹܲӦܰȵĻȥ⣬ҵĺܣ˵ѾһЩ֯ͶˣֻĿǰӦüƻûɹûϢ
ĻûɶãҪñ䣬͵
ǰѷɡҶȥŪǰϣܱȱķҪһ㡣
ҹͷʾͬ⡣
ֶˣҶѾõˣ˼һҪϱ䣬ȻзⶫҪ͵ģڴ󲿷˶ڵʶܳԵܴģֶڵĺٺ١
ŰҶȻҳ˵顣
ҹԿ״ţȥһͰͳһæʱںˡ
ϵߣҲˡ
ҸСӳ绰͸ҶЦóֻȵ绰ͨˣٺЦץһͷԷ
ǱСӳвͬģ˵ҶֻҪֵûɶãǣǰҶҪģСӳҲ˰æŪ
ϴΰҶһӣȥ֮СӳΪҶϵãֱӷֵӡ
ɽԻͷǱѾоյĻȥһʣҪ㹻ãҲֱӳԡ
ڸյı׼ɽԻͷ˸ͨĸѹ̿ȵȺУֻպӻһ㣬˵ע⣬ᱻɥʬϮ
Сӳھ棬ܰȫӡ
ܣвɱų̽СӳԼֱ࣬˵Ҳˡ
ɽԻͷ˵ܣ߸ܸһЩ
뵽þӵģ֮󡭡ֳĶܶࡣиûϸ˵ԸǱȽϻ֣֪ɱɥʬɱ򾣬ܶ࣬ҲӣȻ󵱳Ҳûĳˡ
ǸǿɲˣʱڳĻĶͷ˾ʱ͸ѬˣǸǱȽϲңͷ͸˽գüŷų
żˣСӳ԰ѱ͵Ҷװá
⻹ˣСӳȥȦ˿һȵػ
Ҿüûԣװ͹ͷײʵĺó԰ҶЩͿˡ
ܿڶڶ²ڶĢڶĽӣȫ˷⣬ŵ϶࣬Լʯĥĥģȥÿζ㡣
ʰ÷ˣΪ䶼ʱˣ󲿷ֶŲ
ߣҶ˲ٶ⡢Ѫ߲ˣȵȣǿߵĶĲؼңסڰҶ
Ӵǣצôúܴ󰡣Сӳȥϴ֣Űӡ
СǱ⣬Ǽŵ˰һЩҶķԸ
ԭԺ￴ȥļУǷûĶԿܣϴԺﻹܿмʺȴһͿˡ
ҲԺոմɨ
ûɨ㿴߰ġ
ǿǱ߿һɳüͷ켦ȥ㣬ڸˡӦǺѧϰģ̫ˡ
սʿڸпСӳʵĶżϰ⡣
ౣͩӺּܳˣÿǰ涼һ Ҳܵż϶š
áһͲսʿЦĸͩк
ͩżܵսʿǰ棬צӣڵдҲá
ŶŶŶ֪֪սʿͷһؿͩרŸԼظֲ۾Ȼͱˡ
ౣͩܵϣҶӡ


72 
ɶԽӣҶڴǰ棬©Ľӣˮ֮󣬳׵Ľӱ㿪ʼٷ
һӷҲع
ౣͩǰҶҰҰ졣
һԳԿû졣Ҷ˵ţ©̳һͩ
˼ðҶӷǰ棬ͩͷǰͷܴĽӣ촵˴ſʼԡ
Ƥˣ¶Ľڶͩźڶһæ̧ͷŰҶУౣ
ҶչһܿڶģЦˡϣӳඣ
һ̽Ӷ˳СӳսʿǶ˽ӡ
ҹʯʵ⣬˶꽴ŵһСÿһС̣ͩһСӣֻȽ١
Χһ𣬿ʼԷкü֣ʱҶҲûֿԵɶڶľɶڶģеǰԾ²ڣڼһҧһȻǾ²ڶģɺóˡ
ֵܣϵģ㣬Ҳ㡣СӳٺЦţŽӸ˾Ƶģе죬٣Щˡ
ҲǱƼ£զҶܲ˵ǶǻˣͷҲûˡҪǶܳԱ㣬Ҳҡ
Ȼô˵ҲûʱİҶȥе㸾֮ʣеʥĸ
뵽Ҷʵֺ飬ѾмʮеĻ
ЩҶҲЩΪǾ͸޸һܵشһôûõʲ͵йй
¹ǰڣ粻ôҲ֪Լ˭ʲôطֻҪֵ̫֣Ǻܰȫġ
Գܺߣڶ࣬ŹٸӲܵġ
Щҵǰ޸ڰҶĺۼ¶ӡ״̬ȵȣµĴʷһ£Լͳ׵׵ĳܺߡ
ֶǣ´ֵ㣬԰ҶֺǺǵڴڡ
սʿǴС˳һЩǰҶТ˵ģһЩ߲˵ȵȣ͸սʿǵģǱϾæء
СӳпҶõ˰Щ˾飬Ҫ
ǣҶʾ£ǻȥɵúúø˵˵Ⱥħ˷ˡ
ǣսʿǷ׷׸͡
ʱСӳóֻˢ£Ϳԭһ浹ڰҶľУͻȻһʮֹ졣
Ѿǵ֣󲻻κκҪǲ⣬ҲԸҵֻҪӮңԸķ䣬ͰִӺƳ
˷ˢЩ滹һЩͼƬ
˵ֵʮ򣬻棬ǰͷһ򵽣ڿ»һֵǮϾֲӣöĻǵö
Сӳм񵽣Ҳûãͱ񣬾͵ͷŵ˰Ҷ
ʱϴƬȻʵĸ㣺һܿɫ˿ɿڵëһпܿƵ±ƬӨ͸žˮĺɣһðԱ߷һп¶ڵĽӡ
һȺŶӶɳϣ롢ģССļǡ
ȻһźȣЩɳӲǼǵĲ𣿡иֱսʿҲóֻ˿Ȼ̲ס˵
ٿǰͼƬʱЩֱӡ
ǲ֪ǸоĶ⣬Ϊʲô绹ܳͨҪû磬ͲῴЩոƬˡ
е˿ƬͰҶķˢͻȻܵһ㱩
ΪˣҸǣҲҰֵĺҶֻˢ
ҹԱ߰æͩõһֻצӲͣظƷ͡Ʒͣæòֺ
Сӳ棬ҶȻҪֳԼһ棬ǵ֮󣬰Ҷ̲ҪһϢҪ˶ͿԼɵÿǿǺ
ȻЩͶ·Լץۺ죬Ҳʥĸ㲻ʲô¶ƽϣҲԲܳԿ
ͩҸ㣬ԺҪ˶۸㣬¡ΪԲҪ˶࣬ʱֻҪץסеĵͣɱӺˡ˵еˣǲţƵı¶ԼϢ֣ùٸע⵽Ǿ͸ᣡ
ౣͩͷͷֻ
ֻͩȽرе嶼ı䣬ƴԾͩʶĺֻ֣Ҫܿƴܿš
ͩһԼӵֻܸˣˢٶȱȰҶֻֻ졣
ͩٽһСɱӺ֮󣬻ûᣬ֪𣿡Ҷĳڸģܶ٣һë
ౣͩûеͷֻצдֺƴ
Ҷչȥһ͵ǮëֵǮҲ͸ˣǳʡѾʲôҰӲҪġ
˵˰ҶŷӦͩʲôʱǮǮģǰҵдֺûѧĿγҲûн̡
ҹŵͷȻͬҶľ
ʱҰӵѾȥֻҪȽϸߣһ˺ѵõѾ㹻ô֪һźţܹøǿ
ܸıʵĶϴ裬ʵлУʮѵõĴڡһ£һԭܻʮ꣬ȫϴ֮˵ܻһʮ꣬ĶԱһ㹻֮ˡ
˵ʼҶóǽʵĻʵҲܡôҵʣһҪȥа취Ҷ˵Ұֵĺɱ൱ڴҧʹˣЩ˶رܡ
ǻǾԼûΪ˻ȥѡ
ȻӦǵǰҶĵһƬĺ⣬ƯܲƬɹĺܲɡ
ٴܵһ˺زǽ˺ˣΧ۵ĳԹϹҲԼܵ˺
鵰Ҽһٽ׺ʮۣкܶͰװˮҲ˲٣ΪԼѾǹúܺõˣû뵽иŵġ
¥ϵֵܣҼҶ֪࣬ΪʲôǸܵһŨŨĽʡ
ӣ&*%&*
¥ϸǶưɣһȭһӲӲ֣
Ҷֱֲֻ֧
ղͩԴ֣ӡҲصشģʾȻͩӵСѧ꼶ĻˮƽƴȻ̫ϰߣ˵̵ĸбȽϹˡ
ϷɧģûõˣõģͿʼ׼ãΪɽԻͷͽ׼ˡ
ιٸųʵв٣ⶼǰҶȡĽһҪȫµڲˣͻǵݣݵݣݵѵȵȣγһŴ޵׶һ


73 
ֵܣֵܣ𣿡
ֵܣ
ֵܣ𣿡
һ磬ҶֻͲͣ𶯣壬ϰ˯ȻѣҼ԰ȫԻϴ׶ѣͩڵһ𶯵ʱ۾
ֻצӴ򿪶ſ˿Ŵ֡
ౣ
˵ֵܣڲȵʱ֪ҰǴǶõģⶫô԰ٸϾһŴӡA4ֽһûأͱҼҶʸˡҾùٸǱֵ߲㿿ף˵˵£ֵܣʮ𼱣
ౣ
ֵܣҪˣҪȣ
ȰҶϢˢֻ㿨۾֪ˡ
ͩѧŴ֣ƽʱѧϰҵѶˣֻҴ֣ǱߵѾʼץˡ
Ҷæ۾ظӦûģҪգɢ֮ܳˡҪûҲֱӳԣҪȽϸߡ
ֵڲˡиѹ㿴ܲã
ܰɡҪǲеĻͷңҸ㲹һˡҶ룬ͻȻ֮˴ڸбȽǿţˡ
һֺĲˣٳȥҲ᳤󣬰Ҷȫڳ
ͷ׼ãҶͰҹǰ棬ͩں棬һȺë׸ƿǵı켦ССһǸո磬ƿûþͱͩеǰһ֮ЩСǾͶüжˡ
ͩϰһ¶Ը򾡣Ҷѡ
ౣͩʾ֪ˡ
ƿǵļ֪ԶȻķֱʲôܳʲôܳԡǱǺֵģûп̻ڼǵĻУǱþѧϰ
ףѵع¶ͺͺ¢óͷٿһعϣСĶУеĻһһģеһкü˫ֲܱ
ӰҶͰҹʼɻʱܳͷͷһЩļС
ЩһٶȶһҶҲ֪ǵڼӦǳԹҰӵģϵëб仯еͷ϶һСëеβ͵ëɫˣеͱɽɫ
ౣͩ˿ܳļУͷתˡ
ЩоͶڰҶͰҹߣб򾣬ͻһȥɱӣͻһȥԵ
ֱʤĵطЩҶʳģֲﲻȤҪȻֵˡ
ҹͷ
ҲͰҶֵأҲ˼ģЩʮϣ˰ȫȫľͲˣ˵ֵء
ֻҪֵأܵýӴҪǼûԱߣֻԼĻǡ
о仰˵úãںӱвʪЬԼͷи˰ҶͰҹһ֮ǱͩȻһɤӣмͷгǸ滻ˡ
ȻҲǾ԰ȫѵͲֵ
ǰֵأҲìͷ岽ߡ߲ߵȵȾ綾ߣ˾͵ܣҪǲСıҧˣͺ鷳µظɻµظɻᶳֽţʱʱ̶̿Σգũ񲻻һһôŹˡ
һһĺ˵ǰԺҶСƳƹȥҹǰ⻹һЩ
Ҳ˷ѣɹţĥɷۣιιС
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໡Ȼ󹫼ֱܳҶ
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Ĵ󹫼һͩæнɲ䵽ϣһɤӡ
ˣҿˣһҶԶȥûؿڣղǱ󹫼һֱɥʬһ
֪ʲôʱ򣬲иɥʬ˹۾ֱĿŰҶ
꣬úõĴտֵģͻȻˡ
ҹʰҳȥһˣҶŰҹȻŵԼûû¡ɥʬֲңɱ
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˸ֵҶţͩϣݡ
ƵأҶǸɥʬֱĶŲ澹ȻɥʬλƵ
ǰŸոΧɥʬû뵽ˣɥʬǰЩ
üͷҶѺɥʬȫɱŲɥʬ߽ϸһŷ֣ɥʬĶһ
ݺݣڸбʬɹɺӣϵ·ҲȽָ׺ݶǺɫģϾȻЬӡ
ʲô㶼ɥʬҶ
ҪɥʬԶ벣֮ٴ
顯ɥʬȻֵ̧ס󻺻ͷҶͶ˶ɥʬֻҪѣҶȴãǲɻԼΪʲôû
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ͩҶ󺰣һ𣡡
ౣͩɹȥʱ߷һı򾡣
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ҶƬڰлһɫĹ⣬˲ɥʬ۾
ɥʬ͸оҶĴڣʱǳ׸оˣǰҶɥʬǰɥʬҲںҵץ
ֻҶƬɱߣȻܴ͸۾ԿǣҶһӾɱɥʬˡ
ౣͩȥ
ͷС׶㿪ɥʬĹͷϣͩצпɥʬԿǣצ˽ȥ
ɥʬȻأԿ϶һССĶ
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74 
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ֵܣΪףӣصȫǶڿʱøѹ֮ó˴ͳˡ
Ȼұȫ˺ϻһ٣ڶûˡ
ھӵھӶ֪ҳӣصʣöˣоС˶֪ˣԺô˰
滹һЩɧȻܺԼû˵飬ҲûϢܳ嶯ľͳӡǿǺö϶ü˶ԣ˳ףһ°
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ⶫܺñϣеúԶһҶ֪ˣеǰһȻܴǹ¼á
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75 
ҶܹҵģŭسͷҪ淴ӳԺﲻΪΪ
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м˵ʱͺΪʲôҪ壬԰ҶҲǺǵģǸͩȻ֤ݣ


76 
ౣܻͩذ칫צӳֽԼ˲צӣҶ
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77 
ߣܲ͸ܵܣҵı䣿һɣҶпֽͩһ㡣
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һʼҶ̬ȣΪǸͷ׼ϴû뵽֮£ҶϴˡȻǵ㲹ڰҶԼ˵ǾţһëǶº޸˵Ѿܲˡ
ֻɽԻͷԼãҶⲻǿͷܶѣ·ó̬ȾѾҪܴˡ
صҶæֻ硣
ֻ㲻ãزá籦˳磬һֻô棬û硣Ҷһ²һߺͰҹһ𣬰ѴĶźá
ȥؽѵȥؽѣ÷űķű䣬ʹҵʹҡ
ãҲ˴ͷԱ߻кõ顣ͷ滹һЩŹǣҶ͵Ǻܾˡ
ֻ磬Ҷֻҵ޸˺š
ҽ˵Ҳ֪ˡһ͹ȥҲòŵǡأҵĺҺüΣҪͲǰҶˣҵţ
ȥ֮󣬰Ҷ޸ָ·һ顣
ౣ̧ͩצӰԼֻ˿ֳˣԼγߣſԱ߿ʼֻ
ԶôķḻʣǴʱܶ˶ѵе˯бҧǱͬ麦ɥʬ
ҲΪ˷йеĿƺͺ£ϸȺħ衣
ڹٷϢҧ˻ɥʬΪʲô춯ҧȴȷ᲻ɥʬ춯⻹ܳԣôͬѵҲԳ𣿡
¥Ƕ˰ɣ
򾲻ܳԣԲԾ֪ˡȻˣЩʱǿѧϰģⲻˣ
֪ôģ仰Ȼ
Ҷ룬ƺЩˡ
ÿ˹Ӷܿ࣬ÿ춼ҪŽʲôܳʲôϣȻҲе˶ĿҪˣԱˣͻó仰ˢ
ģ˰ͩǰƵó˱˲ҪСƶǻۡ
ͩڶֻˣʱĸƵˢһ´ڸˡҶ룬ֻСϷ򵥵
ͩһʼٶȺѾĺܺˡ
ƵϣҶˮӡLǹٸ칫¥ӣҪʲôʲôܳһ룡
ͩ죬ƵһкܶȿֺĹۿ
ø֮󣬾˼ֱˣоԼͩˡ
ۼ˿ˮӡʱͱˣֱҪǿ֢
иˡҶֿ˿ϢЩѹĸҹ˵
Lǲġҹֻ֡
֪Ҷ𾫵Qǵ̫ˣΧСи࣬˿ڼ̫ըɥʬ󣬺γӦܳŵڲѾ˲ˣֻ̫ãҲ֪ӳ١
ûмѵǱߣϵ𣿡Ҷʡ
ҹҡҡͷ
ԭǹ¶ӴѧʼѧѡѶԼ׬ģֻǸմӴѧĩֱӱţ°ߣģʽ
ҪҪ취˺£Ҷԥһ£˵QǾﲻ̫ԶӦûͶ˵ҵֲ
Ȼһ仰ҲǰҶĿ֮һµ˼ȴҲûġ
ɽԻͷ޵˵ԺɽʱҲ˵ֻݵRǣɥʬ࣬㹻ֲĿǰֲĳƨ֣ޣǹŴʲôӶֵǣôֲ϶ֵ
QȻݵ˿ܶʵ̫ˣɥʬɥʬˣĵطҶãӦֲ
ȥҹҲĵͷӦðҶһоȷģҪͬһˣǻһ


78 
ౣͩڱ棬رڴĿŰҶ
Ҷǰ򿪱䣬ͩȥצץűţ·ڣŲˣڶرڴؿǰ档
ⰡذҶհװһ°ɣӦ֧һʱ䡣
ౣͩŵͷ
հװˣҶʰһЩհװĳʳʵ棬׼һʱ̫ʱ͵ӱˣټӰ˵ģһֳװ£ýװС
Сӳ賵Ҷ˳ʮ͹ȥЦɶʱ򿴵ˣǵðڼ
ɣġСӳٺЦ泳ˣϹ㲻õĴŽɾЩ˺͸ˣԺгͷ֮աٸ˵ڲϢɽԻͷ׼ͽˣȴӳ˳ƨֵмѡûȤ
Сӳ˵ƨʮһǰڶҶ˵¡
ǸʲôŴʲôӡҶǿһҰֵĹٷֿ֣̫Լûסֻü˵ҾͲˣǼͣɽԻͷȻΪ˲զأҲȷʵЩ£ܵв
ô£Сӳͬصͷ
˳װģҶ׼š
ౣͩǰ浲粣棬Ŀ⾼ؿǰ
Űҹ󳵶ǴʣͩԼѡߵļУʱ˯
LǣٴLǳһ·ͨ裬êĳʲôͱ߱ϻ߸װˣܿһЩطڸ죬¶صĵطˮڸǣܴʱŸʮ֮һٴҶŬ
LǳһӾͿˡ
·ߵêĸεɥʬҪ˾ı࣬ײС
ԼĪ磬Ҷ˸˵ȽϿտĵطͣ
ҹ򿪺泵Ѽ
ౣͩ˵أһʯͷϣһĿżǴܳæһ
֮ȫŤͷܹͩǰг˵ĺá
ౣͩʼ
ͩżֺһɤӣѸɢ
еļΣڼʱѾѧȥԺӽɳٿӣֲӦӲıţʱͲ̲סˣһ·񱼵ĵطʼȻΡ
еļûסʱҲó
طеడҶתһȦǾЪϢˡҹԻȿٰɡ
ҹͷȥСóΧУܼܿ񹻡
Ա߿ŲѳɶѣСмˮСסʵȵʳͩǰһڻǣľȼ󶼲ùܵľյرá
Ҷóֻ򿪵ͼȻ̾˿طӦˡǰQǽǱ˶ɥʬ࣬ǲܿﰲӪկɡ
ԭкܶӣ飬ڴӦöˣеĴ֮ǰ˰ѻʲôû¡ɥʬв٣ҶͰҹЪϢûãɥʬҡҡλεĹ
ȥɱɥʬǶעⰲȫҶ
ɥʬӶɥʬģжϵѪⸯõҲûôӲ԰Ҷڵͣɱĺɡ
ͩոں棬ʱʱ߷ɱ򾡣
·ȥLǵıؾ֮·ܶQǳ˶ѡͶLǣֻҶеڴ󲿷ӳʹ˷ʼLˣøҶ
ɱɥʬҶܹȥ˿Сֻ࣬ûãеڵ֪ӦðѸѹóǸ
ౣͩһܵȥ˷𣬰ѻû͸Ķ棬ȻڻðͷŰҶС
ౣͩڻСȻ
ɣҶͷȥ﷭˼رСͺŵԱߡ
ͩͺϸϸãŴӻԱ߶˶壬ϵëһûԭʲôڻʲô
ȻûиѹСζ㣬Ҷ˼ǣŵζ
ڼõģŵƽ׹ˣмпϽϣƬȣٷһƬˣʮܳƤԡ
ҶڻǰԱɢļҲۼΧߴߴųǵ涼ʳ߲˰ģļϣӪʮַḻ
ԶһƳ¡¡Qǳġ
ϵ˿·һĻ̲ס˲Լ۾ôģǲҪˣȻ˺¥ԣ÷ֹʰɣڻмƬҪù
ֵܣҺҲֻþˡ
ģ··ϵΣô࣬˭·Ұͣеļ϶İ
ˣҲֻþˣǲʲôˣ
˶ǻһЩʱҲûʲôŲŵģϹLǵвǻ˵ϴĳƨˣ˵ãǴҶ϶ֻ֣þҲġ
ҪˣǿƳҶ·ų֣ιǴQ𣿡
ͩ˿ɿץŰҶ·ϲͣıҲŻӶС
Ƴ˶·˸SΡ
鵰þͦʵǲQġɵӶܿòãǳƺŻQǵء
ұǻһ̣һҪȥ
ǡĲþǰĶ˵ǰ·ǼٵģʵӻȥQô죿
˶ʱĬ
Ҷ˼䣬ƳȻûӦɤŴ󣬶ԷӦ˲Ŷ԰
۳ƳʼߡSΣҲ֪˾⣬ƳҪײˣҶܵƳͻȻͣ£һЩɥʬ׷ء
˵Ǽզ£ȻԼҶУQǵľ
ģþͻþܲˣҪţĳ̣ˣ
ܲӳȥֱӽ
ʮ꣬
ȥʮ꣬㲻Ѿʮô
˵ţϵıȴܾ϶·ߵİҶ϶ǻþⶼʲôʱˣȻдŸɸɾƤҲװ׾˳һһÿȻлѣǸúݵĴк룬澹ȻܿˣΧȻرеļУ˾ʵ̫ѧˡ
Ǹ˵ĴкòÿҲĳĲںһˣ϶ǻþ
˾ǰ壬ȻƳȴʱͻȻˡ
ȥӦñϵƳͲظˣ滹˺üˣʱűݺݵزȥͳ弸֮ܲסˡ
ءءͣ˰Ҷǰ档
˵⼸ǲQģҶǰóʡ


79 
ౣͩ굽ͺ
ʵͺ۶࣬ǺۻûзֽΪǣر𣬵ʵζȷʵһ޶ġ
ոհûأζƲס굽ڳ˵ı˶̲ס˿ڿˮ
ౣͩѡһֵָĺҶǰ棬æ
Ҷ˸ɾ룬ƤȥۻƵŴĺŵͩԣصذͩ˵ˮ
Χʿˮø󣬻жӹе
˵ǶԼ˻þҶ˸󿪣˿ڣζ㣬ʻʱЩš
Ťʲô̶ȣܾԼͰҹôЩǻþأ
˿ĭ˼Qһ·ܳҺл¸ɸɾģҾQûǰס¥ϵҲüûϴˡǶɸɾ·һȾģĩǰܼıǶǻþûɹ
⼸ȷʵ¶࣬һӹζ·Ҳࡣ
Աһ¡ͩŵļǶɸɾģʱһей䣬ʣµĶԼ˴Ҷ̵ϣȻſȥЪϢ
ǡֱڵϵġ
ȣðɣǡҶʣµͺҹʣµĲŸǣһƿȪˮ˵˵Qǵ˰ɣ
˶ƽֿϧĳˣ˵
QǾΪ̫࣬ɥʬ̫ݵġһʼɥʬͺܶ࣬ΪɥʬжǶ֣Եʱû⣬Qǵˮأвûô󣬳˶࣬ƽʿٵ㣬лǱȽϰȫġ
Щɥʬ֪ΪʲôͻȻƵģǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ɱ
ɥʬץ˵ԽԽ࣬γɶѭ
˵Ҷ̲סʣȻ˶࣬Ϊʲôɥʬɱʼʱɥʬɱɣ
˶ʱĬЦΪ˶࣬ԲûɱɥʬγһС壬ÿռʣҪС̣пɱɥʬ㿴ҲֱӶ㿪
Ǽܵһӳˣòܿģֱӳ
ûзQʲôһĵط˵ĳطر࣬ɥʬرࣿҶȻʣأ촰˵ڿ뿪Ҳκΰٷ̸ı꣬ҪǻҪģǾ͵˵ҸȤġ
ҪðҶرͶҲһء
޵ؿ۲ԶԸװľóٿɢļǣЩЩܺԵĿǱġ
˵ҶԼΣʱĲ൱ġ
ǼլڼҪ˵֣ûС
㻹˵ǡ
ûз֡
ͬʱڣ˵˼ȴһ
Ҷıʱޱɣ֪⼸˿ŽᣬЩʱŽᲢԶ
ǼԼһ£תߣǸҺҶת԰ҹѶʰϣҺͩȡ
ҹͷСƽ׹Ǳߡ
ͩҿ˿Ȼ˼
ԭҶϢļ󲿷ֶŰҹȥǱߣֻֻͷ弸Χɱʱʱı򾡣
תŰҶͬʱŸղҪ˵ʲô壬ʹ˸ɫġ
֣ͻȻиӴ󺰡
⣬ͬʱתҶ⼸˳ҹʱҹûߵǰֻüת˹ˡ
ֻˣȻҵԴ𣿡и˴󺰣ƳŪüӳģ
ⶼʲôͷˣЩɵˡ
ϸƤģļСӰɣүү㣬ʱ̫Ҫģ
Ǳɫ˵ԻиеĸߺţɱԼҪúÿǻҲͷճһӣʱȴг񣬾Լɱˣ㹻ݣܹѹԼӣҶЦˡ
˲Ҳˣұط˰Ҷſƣָ޳ϸָ׻Ϳ˱ͣͩӵؽҵıͣҶʲô֮ҪͿҶҲ͸ͿͿ
˹ˣҶʼ󺰣ǧܺңģĽǾȡһи޹أֻҷѣ
ȻǸɵ𣬶˻Լô
ŵģڻͺԣض򵥣ֻûСٻŵĽҰ⣬Ǿ뻢ڰ
ֵǣŪˣˬˬ˵ܻȡء
ٺ٣Ȼܻй¶Ժ󻹵ˡ
ౣͩ⻰ܲá
ҶԼӦÿԷĵĶˣΪ˲ЩԺԼص¼ƵԼ̫죬Ҫͨܣڿ϶˵ΪܵŭȻȥ֣
̫Ĺ
ͩ
ౣ
֣Ҷ󺰣
ҶƬɳȥ׷Űҹķ򣬴ʱҹѾܻسٶȱ죬Լȥˡ
˵ҶǰˣҶпչŰҹʱɵЦˡ
ͩûɶ
ôСļУһžܲһжٲȶ١
ౣͩһССĻǡ
ǰ˵·˲ȼգͩȥץһˣظ´ץȵ䵽ϡ
˿ԼצӣͩߵԱߣ˸ɾҶ˲䣬Ż߻ذҶߣʤĴ󽫾
ɵƯҶ佱ͩɾ䣬˿ˮʮ
ౣõ佱ͩеС
ͺͺڵϲͣش˻õģץˣֱ벻̫ʹˡ
Ǳ׷ҹͬڵϣʹ֮пߣͬϵ·ûˣ֪ԭԼȽ˵ġ
˵˰ҪǺҡԺ˭ҪȥĨңǾͱҲҶڱ򾿿ǣΪͩ˼бǣһ£ǾӵĹ
ڵϵʱŷӦѹ³Ժûб򾣬ΪQһ·Χȫأôһ
û£
ÿбðͷٶȿļʱм׼ȷ̧צץסɱڲϸ
ʱֻŵصˣһרעץ򾡣
ౣͩ߹ȥ˼
ֻͩصѡʱЩ¶ض˿˿ص㿴з·ЩףЩס


80 
壬¿ƳҡҡλεˣҶûҪǵ
ౣͩǰ棬رࡣ
ΧֻУֱҶϣͬࡣ
ҶǿˣͩҪصֻУҲ֪ı׼ʲôֻͦ飬ҲֻܴŬѧϰͩΪ
ȣܲܲңеչ˿ĭСĿֻͩҪͩǼ˱ĺ޻֮ǹ˳ߵġ
СҶܾͩ˼
Ǻðɡ̾˿Ǻܾǰʶˣĩʱһ𣬾ʹһ𴳵ʱQʵͦõģҪΣ١QݣǻȥLǣӣǳӱˣҲˣʱҶĴޣҵƳҲǴҵһκɱˡ
Ҷ룬ûëͶ·ֻôǿʳ⡣ҵʱȴҲɱģͲˡҵһζֵʱ򣬾Ӧ뵽ֺܻġ
¶ҶúܿҲûʲô⡢ԭ֮Ļ˵ò˫˳ͻȻӮô򵥵ô
֮壬ҲǰҶ˻պ϶ѡ
ʹQǱߵ߰ҶûˣҲ˵ˡ
QȷʵֹһЩŹֵ£Ӧûҵ˿е˲±򾣬װӦøLǵǸһˣеĵطͻȻۼ˺ܶɥʬһЩֶ֮ɢЩʼûӣֱQݣҲŷӦԭЩ仯ʹˡ
żȻ俴һϢ˷ʲôŹֲֵϢܿ챻ɾҲҲˣǸ˺Ҳʧˡ
Ҷĵľֻƺе
㻹֪𣿡Ҷʡ
ͩԼȥһˣʱһǣܵҶǰ棬æ
˺ֽǷŵҶͩСԴԣҭš
ౣͩͷ
ӣζӲǣͩСͲʺųԣһŤͷȻˮ
ԥһ²˵ҲǺȷ·ϣҿиطȽ֣֪ǲǲĵط֪ڲһңҲôһ˵Ҳôһˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ忴һ
ԥԼ˵۹ʵôãģĲ֪òţҹ˼٣ͩĻֱӶְһ١
˼ȥҶóֻǧ绰
Ǳߵ绰һЦֱ档
ôпոҴ绰ǧЦҼϹʲô۶˰ɣ
ᣬϹϸɲƵģȫҶҡ㣬һ¡Rֲ֪ɣҶʡ
Ǳ߳ĬƬ̣֪ûRǱߵźɽ֪Lǵĳƨˣ˵Lߵֲоƨ֣ˢء
ôΪʲô˵ƨֵĹٷ֣Ȼ˵ôȻҶʵǡû취Է̫Ҳǿʲôˣ˵Qߡ
ǧĬʱ䳤һ㣬Ҷ߳һȣһƬƬ˵Ǳ߱Ƚϸӣţҹȥһ˰ɡ
ɡҶͷӦ
˲һ죬QǳĻкüӣҶûǰŹȥˡˣԽǺӳˣԽǾĶ࣬Խǲô򽻵Ȼ壬Ǿʱȥʱˡ
ǧĳӸӷ෴ҳջLǵģܺñϡ
ȴӳģȴǧ𪣬ǧǿкüθߴ׳ʵĺӣͷӦöӡ
˵˵Ұһ¡ǧֱ߹ȥ˵
ʵ̫ÿˣĪ棬ƤǸĺãϴһ˿ģ͸һзŮо
θߴ󣬶ͷ˻һ˿װŴȣƤЬﭹȥ
忴е̲ס˿ڿˮȻʶҲҶһʼ·ߣþƵģһ˸оֻþƵġ
ౣͩŲӸǧǰߡ
Ҷ˿ûͩ
û鵽ϣϵͳҲûƥˡЩLǵ˱ҵˣǶ֪ʲôʱһġǧ赭д˵ţҲʲôˣڸ뿪һ᲻ġ
庩ЦЦ˵Ļȴһ䣬ͦͣʲôˣƾʲô£
ʲô˶ǡǧѡ
ôѣͷʲôѲѵġ岻м˵ƿǧ𪣬Ҷ
ౣͩСԴ˿ǧ𪣬Ҳתˡ
гСŵСУС𣬶ܵԡ
ǧҶصóʳдˣҶǲܵģǧǿҲǲǧĶԣҪҶģûš
ĺǳԵĶԼĸѹɡˮʲôģԼȵĳȵȣֻʵģζвġ
һЩ⣬࣬ҴպųԡҶÿ˷˼ƬͩƬʣµ
ԷҲûϢֱӳȥ˵ĵط
ݵQǸRǿɲһģʮ־޴˵Ǹָ¥ã˸ǲ˵ ʱǲɥʬ
żܿܳĳӣҶǷ֮ÿɵӵı鿴ǡ
ڽǵһСͼԱߣи򳡡Щڵ˵
ڰҶĳλģմȾһ۹طȴɸɾҲǧ𪣬ɾĲƵġ
ϡҶҲûһ·ǰ
ӵͼã·żêСɵɥʬͲԤˣҪô·Ҫô³ɱɥʬ
ȵĿĵأҶһĺ
ǰȷʵвɥʬۼбĳҶſһɥʬʵ̫࣬棬ڳţȥ
Σհɣǧ
ᣡҶЦЦͩϡ
˵һ˫أ³˵ûöҶ˵İȫ屻ǧ˿ţðȫǧôʣʵǰҶûаա
ӵĵֶΣÿζᱻŰ
Ҷ˳ţͩһǰߣĲ࣬ȥǱƵģɥʬǶǱߣ۾ֱġ
ⳡʶҶӿٶǱȥ
Ȼô㣿
ǧҡͷֻƶǸʶʱˡݲ뷨ģȻС
ʲôݣʡ
Ҫʲôˡǧ˻ȥ
˵˵ȥ߶û˵ʲôҹĬĬһߣеʧɴ𾫿ԶİҶ
ɥʬͻȻרע࣬ҶҶƬ죬ֱ֮ɿĳ嵽ϡ
ǰ˰ɡ


81 
ŵرʲôģҶҪСĽһԴϴRֲиյı
һָߴɥʬ󣬰Ҷоֻ£ҿ˿ȷʱûΣգóֻ뿴˭Ϣ
ౣͩҲŴӰҶ·̽Դ⿴
˷Ϣ Ҷͷ˿еɻĴ򿪲˵ȻͿֻȻԶ׼ӣȵǣΧıѵȻͬӡ
ʲô
ԶӦղźŰɣյǵֻʾҲҶΪGAYˣҴкɡ˺ſ˿ֻļ༭ܣһַȥ
һǱ߾Ȼ˽ա
ֵܣǱˣ㱩¶ˣ
Ǳ߳Ĭһ˲ȻҲ༭˸ļظ
ֵܣĸƬģطϴˣ˵һɲ׼ڳһû㣬ȰԼ뿪ҷ֣ˡ
ϴ죬һֽܣֻҪ㹻Ľܱ;ܿ²£ֲɹ鲻ˣߣֳֵܿ㵽ʲôˣҶһ
죿û˵ϴ˳壬ܹܺ죬Ƕ֪ʲôǸ˵ĸоֲܿҪ˾֪ˡֵܣȰ߻üȻˣ
ֻļҶ˲ĳĬ
Ȼйϵ⵽ɺϣĳЩ˿ɵĽԼӲ̫ãóֻǧ𪷢˸ϢǱˣˣСһ㡣
ͩҵ𣿡Ҷʡ
ֻóʱͩһֱſȻҶֻûȫƴעͩҲäˣһЩֻʶģֻ֪һߣи˲ڸ
ҿ˿ͩʼ˼
˲ֻ۾ҶҪоģؼǣֻҪǳ֣ɥʬɴ᲻ͣؼУ
ౣͩЩĵ˵ͷ
һͩȻ̧ͷС˴Ҷһ˳ȥ
ԱߵλãиܣΧһЩ˿ƣγһɥʬȥİΧȦ棬ֻʵؿš
ͩܳڵڵڿлһۻƵĹâڝһ³˹ȥ
Щ˿סСͩĲ˿ȥڿĶ
źüֽǶϡɥʬѪ⣬ģģɫУʮֶġͩ濴һౣ
ֽ涯˶̽һ۵ľӣȻ۲ġ
ͩȥھǰ档
ӵһ˾ͿҰͻȻŴۻۻƵļУ΢е죬廹۵ĻƣëɸɾرɣԴ滹һСĴë
ССĺڶ۸һ˺ںˡ
ֽҶ۵ܿŲҰոտһгۻƼеķŴӰ
ౣͩ׷۵ܣչȥֽˡ
ݣʲô⣬ȻҶŸɣֽ˱ﲻסˣо۾ɱ˵ĸоֱƿֽðͷ
˿棬ë΢ζͩһ£ȻôС㣬ĸ
־Ҫץͩ
ౣͩ˹ȥ
ܶ㿪ԣץ׳һ
ΪûֽڸǣɥʬѪⲻڸϵĻϢýɥʬ߿Ȼ˿赲ʱ
Ŀ˹ͩûнţҲûк£ɴ䵽˵ϣ̧צӣˮжһдһѧ⡣
һһڼڶǸ˲мش󺰡
ౣͩͷٴαӭӳȥ
һ죬ǣ˲ȼͩȥƲֱӱĵ˵ͷϣ£˳ܣһһܿ
һĺд˵˵ϣʱʧȥս
ౣͩʤһ˿ϣһתͿҶ֪ʲôʱ˹һֱԱ߾ؿš
ʱͩˣҶǰСԴ佱ɵƯ̫ˣɥʬȷʵѧ⣬Ȼ֪һһڶʵ֪̫ˡ
ֵܣ˵ĸɽͷ𣿡ҶԱߣϵģǸѪζ̼ɥʬˣܿͻᱻɥʬΧʱ߶߲ˡ
¹ǿʹ̧ͷ˰Ҷ
ҶΪ˸ɥʬײϲŪ·ϴ£ʱΪ˵㲢ûס¶һżΪÿɥʬߵʱ򶼺ʧȥоƵģֱӱ˿˹ˡ
㡭ǹЩֵغ
֪һһڶ˵ǹҶüͷţĵķ򣬵øϻҷһ·ȥϴ˵˵ˣҲõģ
ң˻˵
Ҷ̲סļˣ˵ʲôѪζܴ̼ɥʬѵ㲻֪Һĸһ·㲻Ҳû취ûôɵģ·㲻ߣƫ
ౣͩҲźĽһ
۳ɥʬȫԼûһȥҶһæһŵһƿǰɥʬƨһˡ
ϴ壬Źģ
滹һֽĸװ˺ֽȥžˣȻ֮һɥʬǸȥˡ
һ·񱼣ײɥʬڵʱȫЪĵطڴڴʱͻȻֻŹֵԼѧ⣬ʱΪſڵʱ̫ˣеεģû뵽һ㣬ʱȴǺ󱳳һ亹
ŹֵٹŹ֣Ҳ񰡣Ϊʲôѧ⣿
͸쿪ͻȻһ죬㷢Ƣ˵ǸäȻѧⶼᣬô򵥣һᣬΪʲô᣿
Ȼ֡ӰӾ綼Ӧ󣬵ǱϾʵ
ʵеֲ
аҶȻᱻɥʬע⵽ǲǻˣ
ԽԽ£˲Ϣˣųܣһֱܻȥװȫĵط˳ӣһ·ȥϴ
ϴҡҡˡ
ңú˵ڻû˭˵ܱ֮ɹҿܱ֮ɥʬŶԡҲǵһˣѵǵһ쿴ɥʬõôô
ǣϴˡǸÿеɥʬĴڣһŹֵ񣬻ѧ⣡ϴ˵ĶģҪһ·ͱɥʬ˺ˡ
ĳλܵˣΪݣû˵Ҳʧȥ֪ҶͩĻᣬҰϴƭ˹ȥ
ֱܾúܾԺϿΪǵͩŻȻԼľʲô
ϴҪǲңȥֲûߣ


82 
ౣͩҿ˿굽Ҷ·ˡ
Ǿ˵򳡳ǣûбˣǶѧ⣡Ҷֻصعصܣɥʬȥ
ˮиѷ죬ȥͦģ̫խǩȥǿ
հҶȷֲӦþͲ棬ˮӲҲѹǸֻȣȻҶҲ֪ڵʲôѵֲԼܳɣ
ͩڿ𣿲ܵĻǧҪǿİ취ҶҲ̫Źˣ
ౣͩצ̽ԵĲ˲ˮء
צرˮжһĶðҶ˷ŵһߣͩԽԽܿԼֻ˽ȥ
Ҷպÿ԰ȭͷȥˮ飬ԽԽԼ첲ȥ֮˲ˮĶоӦһ壡
ౣͩԥһ˲צӡ
ܰҶе㵣ģʵڲİ취
ౣͩпƬץ쵽棬ֱӾһụ̵ֲ̂
ͩҶſȪˮƿӰֲװȥûжſѾоˣЩֲûŪ֮ǰܶſ뿴Ļ翴ͩء
ౣͩҿ˿ɥʬľۼѯʵؽ
ҶֱӦ뿪ֳȴô£ͩߣ
һ·񱼻ȥ˳ҲûܳĹŹգֱӰѿȪˮƿǧ𪣬ֳŰҹܽˮЧõ֣
ҹ죬ܿҳݸҶ֮תˡ
ջǺܹŹ֣ƤЦⲻЦҪܽˮʲôʲô
һƿˮǧҲЦܽˮҽŵģԲ̥޲ֶ Ȼۣʵá
ǡЦЦɫȴЩÿˡ
ҲȷʵһˣȷʵŹ֣δʧܹʱȴƺʧһ
԰Ҷǣ԰ҹǣǧҲǡ
һ͸뿪ˡ
ͩǰˮճȥҶٺЦɥʬȲùܣֻҪ˵ǾС
ౣͩˡ
ֲͻس֮󣬰ҶߵɥʬٴβĴڣҲԭأǿʼĿĵεǧͰҹǱɥʬʼЩ궯ǧ˶֣Щɥʬ
ˮĨܽһһճȥֱһ顣
ŷ϶Ҷò̫˳ۣǸܽص˵ͷͩسϡ
ΧɥʬԽԽ࣬ҵѹˣʱðҶҵͷߡ
ȹãľǱܽϵķ϶һɱɥʬһ߷˾ţ֮Ūˮ࣬ȴʲôûʱˡ
ȻǸʱ򣬰ҶѻصLǡ
ֻܴ㵽Ҷأȥ칫¥ǱߵǼǣٸ㰲סĵطֻʿܵԼŬˡ
ֿ֪ͬʲôطԸַǧЦ
ˣллǡת뿪Ҳû֡
ָ˵طðҶõֲȻ̱Ƚ࣬˼ұϾǰæ¹ʲôݣæ͵øлģ㲻ǣ
ﻹʣһЩʳҶţԼҶҲ
ȥҼңǳԷʣµˣҶٺЦ
ⶼԼˣȻǧǿԼĺиر͵ĺø磬ҲŰҶ˺£ʱմ⡣
һ·ǧǿҲûô˵С͸Ƶڳûô³
ֻҶ˺ܶˣRȺħ֣ǧǿ׷磬Ժɽ֪ĴˣֻҪһÿ
صУȰļǷųǶɷɣӪḻʳһٱ͡
ౣͩһžѾˡ
ҼҺܰȫⰡҶٺЦóȪˮƿӣһֱһģһĹŹֲ
ѿȪˮƿֲҶֵϣһܴ߷ٽˮͲôˡ
ܿͷܹԱߣĿ⾼ضֲ
ǧ߹Ҷİֲֵϣ˵ػȽԶߵҲǺܺãЦ˵ٸǱҲֲõһ̳ĶǿȪˮÿ춼ϸźҲɽԻͷǸȼġ
ǣҼûôõҶǸʲôŴ졭ȣǳƨ֣Ҽ¢ԼģҪͩ͵Ұݰθɾˡ
Ժˣ
ҶԴҪõֲⶫڿ󣬾˵ɥʬԽԽΣյĵطŻżȻҶѾãôЩƨ֡
ԺܿߴĲҿһͷݣβ𼫳ɫʮĴ󹫼צʮĴ򿪲ִɴ˳ȥȻҵҰرõĵطſ²ˡ
Щֲֻһȷ;֪ܸʲôҶеյҲûٷϢҲҰЩڼ
ȷʵô¡ǧ𪿴˿ֲļУû˵ʲô
٣ȥؽõ㶫ʲôȥ￴ǳԷܱҲðæҶЦ֣˸ȥ˵ؽѡ
ĵؽλأ ǰҶ˺ܾòҵڵ·ˡ˵ؽѣֵͲҶһЩƤ˽ǵȵȵζϣ˷ѽмȡ
ﻹбŵŹǣǶϴװţʱóһŵˮﻯ
ǧĺǶڲ˵ԱߣһЩ̲סˮˣС˵ţܲܲܲǰҶ֪ԼȻôϲܲˣҶҾܳԶ١ǸӦǻëɣǶԣ
磬ҵļУǧǿûȥԼļˡ
ҶӦģѡһͷУϰ֣ױϡͷѾɫİߵ㣬Ҳкڵ㣬ȥɫ죬ʮ˧
ͿԴˡҶЦֻͷеƢеŹ֡ϲѧŴ󹫼ҼҴ󹫼ŲôĽͱȽϹŹ֣ǧҪЦȻģ
֪ǧǿæͷ
ʱСѧϰĳ嶯뵽ܴǾͷʮֹŹֵ
ǧǿһûסЦˡ
ҲЦˣͷȴǧǿȥǧǿĽףڡ
ҸȥأʲôǾõʲôҶЦͷιΣסԺǧҪЦˣкܴģҲܼǳ𣡡
̫Цˣ̲סǧǿ
͵ŰɡҶޱ
ûٹǧǿҶŴȥ˺ԺףҲ˼ãһЩϣǰԺдصġ


83 
ౣͩںԺҶ˳׸ȥߴӭӡ
ȰҶ׼ȥͩϣȵĶ档
ǹŴҰӰɣǧ𪿴ǰһҰӵȻͨҰӲ̫һַâ¶ĸо
ҲʶȥипǹٸǱƳĳƨ֣Ȼ󲨣ͷѹֲĴڰ
RǱ߸蹷ƵһֱҧŲţȻٷ̬ҪҪ̬ҵһֱȥĻRǱߵ˻֪ôû顣ǧȻ
Դ˰ҶҲ˼˺̫˷ʱ䣬ҲRǵһֱQ
룬ҶRǵˣQģӺɡΪڻǺܸеģȻܾƲRǣԺһǸھȱ̬ȺˡǲôǾͶŸɣ
Уǧͷ
ౣͩҲźɤӡ
һٶͿˣиǾȻز©ع⡢ǴŹǡӣرĴͷȻ˳
˵Ǹǰǳʦǽɢ
Ϊ˰ҶصĳΪʲôôã
УԸĶñġŵԺˣԺóԵģǰѳáǸǿЦҲԲˣ
˭˵ԲģֻҪ¡Ҷζ
һٷԣҶ˲ٶҴߣǧ࣬ϾԼ˶ˣҶֻСӳ绰˵
ģһ˵ġСӳ¡
Rǵǰ֮QǶ˻棬ôòǺˡ
ڼϢҶֻ档
ౣͩץǦͷǰϰᣬ⡣
֮޸ģ޸ˣȷֻ֪֮𣿡ҶĳǲûĻˣһҪúѧϰֻѧϰòֻֻԺäģ
ౣͩͷ
йϢԽԽ࣬Ҷ΢һ򿪳ȥ̳ܿһƬȺħ衣
ԺɽˣҲ֪˶ˮ첻ͣˢ
LRֲЩƨֶӦҵģ
ǿɱΪLǶʲô˾ӣ£Rǵ˹󡣡
Ƶ֤ݣǿLǵ˾ǡ
ǵҲúÿҪLΪ飡
Lǵ˴󲿷ֶRǣҲһЩ˸ڣһЩĽʳƨֻLУڲ⹫Ҳźڡ
еɽԻͷ˳Ƶ·LǲǾӵ֤ݣˢһЩǵˣΪLĲʲôõطˡ
Ҷ·ҳŲˢĳƨ֣ûٷ֣ʱЩơ
룬һ״̬ҰֵҪȨϣRǵֲûаϵҰֳֵʱЩRǸʲôôôڣRǲģ㵹ȥǱ߰
Ϳٸͣȴжˡ
ǧǿˣҶˣǧǿ˷ۣսرǿ֯һЩͩķۣЩӽսðҶҲ᲻
ҷȰλͣ㣬Ҫǹˣ˼ҰǼУʱĿ޶ûطȥ
˻֪Lǵĺɣ
Ҷ״̬˻ظ⻰һܿҪ׷ʵģȷʵ֪ô֮Զ֪ƨ֣ΪػٶֲټRǷһƲ֪ƨ֣Lгеǰ档
˵ȿһͼƬ
ͼƬȻǰҶϴõ֮ģɫζȫĳʳʵ߲ˡȵȡ
Ҷһ̲סˣشҲˣʱһҲϡ
ͼƬǶ˰ɣɲĩǰͼƬģҪǲţȥLǰ칫¥Ǳи̯ӣʲôУ˵㹻ʣǰԤԼܻ⣡
Щгƨ֣Ų˵Ҳ֪ˣϸƵֱԳƨ֣һԳƨ֣оϸҾͲ˵ˡҪǿǣƨֺ̯һˣԺͨõġ
Ҳ˵ǽ˺ôȥ̯ӻԣҲõƨ֡иСϢ˵ϰʱʱʱæȻҪˡ
ѵĿգϷڰҶLǵ˶ʱһ
ʱ˲һҲǲܳǰҪϰ嵥Ӯ˲ССϢʿ˶ϰĶ֡
йذҶĹŹܣվûдģֻеĬĬᣬΧ۵˲ҹ°Ҷ
͵°ҶΪеĸˣƢŹ֣һԲϾ
ô࣬ȻҲʮӲ˱ʾˣߣƢôˣ϶ʲôҵҾǲԳƨ֣ȥ̯ӻѵȥˣ
ҶÿһȻöԷ˵Ҳûдǲˡ
㿪˵Ͽ˿ԭһֻèĩˣȻûʲô仯ָӽý˺üΣϣ˲ٹע
ѹе˵Щ
ͩǱһɧĽĽҶŤͷͩ˵
ҳϰȫûһģͩո˸ܵԼֻǰ棬׼ֻʱҶô˵ܹ
ȡԾǰʮȣ󷭹ʮȣת߰ٶʮȣȵ䵽ϣ˳㱳һ׹ʫһѧ⡣
ƵģҶһ飬ûб¶ַĵطʹϡ
һȻͩȷʵעȻСϢ
ǱֻŹֵС̺ȣʵǴ˲գ۵ģһԶݾͱϲһȳһյģͣذ˵ˣ
һҲǣ˵ڼޣҪȥˣȥ˶ݵ
ʾģҲ˵ֻ˵ֲܿ
ЩȻLǵһЩĳԹϹڣͩˣԼ㲣ϾÿȥǼ尾ֻĶMϲָоˡȻʵʵ˵Ҫһ£ǾͰͩرԵԼô
Ǹҫè˲˵ˣҶҲûȥܣֻ˯
ɽԻͷں͹ٷˣ׼ͽصڰ칫¥ǰĹ㳡ǰܾþͿʼLǺܶ˶ʼڣҲʼ·ҪL
ֵǳײ뿪LˣҲͽɽԻͷͬһ졣
Ϊ飬ٷѪóʮƨΪЩʺõģΪͽܵĵõƨ֡
ҲLǵĿ꣬¹ô˵ƨֵðϵƵȥˣ٣ıʵĶ˭˲֮ͣ
ֻҶû뵽£ǻԼҲȥ¶μӡ


84 
ƨ֣ȣǸʲôŴҰ֣ȷʵǺãǹٸɽԻͷҲȫõƨ֣ȨڰҶǼƻͽʱ򣬱һðҶҲ
ͩͷôʢСǼ˰ҶЩ
ౣͩΪȻص˵ͷ
ȻҵץǦͷ滭ԼĻֻ˸̫ģС˵㣬Ҷ
ͩĻ滭츳ǿҶͷصץĺ񣡡
˵糿ͩôͻȻϲվˣ̧һֻצӲͣıȻԭǿԼģֻԱǸͼȫͩһͷ˵ļԲĻеǷϣһͷĸ
ౣͩץǦͷöҶƬ
ҶʱȻ򣬡֪ˣͩ˵öԣǾô죡
̫ͷȻǱ߶˿ڣȥ϶Ҫȥģֻõ͵һЩͩرãҶ˲Ȼʡ
ౣͩŰҶͬˣһܳȥһöҶƬ
׼ˮҶƬŽȥŴƤһɫζо
ڰҶҲֲ֪ʲô⣬رãؼʱ̻ܾء
ֻݸŮƬۣƺЦӿȥǳסҶžԼϵĶһһøƬһģһ
ͩͶھǰԼˡ
ëһëӶһȦƵɫԲģһͷС˵Ƿĸ
ౣͩ
ȥ·ߡҶ
·ҲǸָĶУʵֵܲǮһЩпõȹӣһټҲֲһʵĴް
ʱȥRǵʱⶫֱӵ˵ģǰҶöԼãصһЩ
ҶҹˮͰˮкҳһˣʱϵ
ॡеˮҨӵ˵ϣҹЩҪϤҲ࣬ϴˡ
֪ΪʲôҹȻ뵽һ仰ˡϾûŮʲôˡ
ҶɤӣԼ֮󣬾ȻܼϸŮ
ɫСȥƵس˴ӡ
˹㳡ϣҶɽԻͷ˸ţԼˣֻǲԸ¶ѡ
ǱɽԻͷæýͷöֻûظҶƢŹ֣ƣЩ뷨ҲܹŹ֣ɽԻͷʱûոҶ˵ʲôȥˡ
㳡ϼɽ˺˸ָУеǴźģеĴŵܵеġҶе㲻˳ۡ
ҲһҺüӶãָĳӸͣһȦ
ܾúܾûôˣҶеˣȻQڼûжٻˣȫɥʬLǵ˻Ǻܶ࣬İLǴĸȫ
㣬ĴŴ磬ͨ˰ɣиƽͷС˧磬һ΢Щװչָͷϻ̣ʱʱһ£Ȼõȼ
£Ҷ˵ţóһ̣óһ
Ȼٳ̣ںȻһɳ̵ĳ嶯
Сƽͷû뵽ҶȻ̣һ㶣Ľ٣Ҳûб˼㿴զ˵ţװҶ˿
ӰҶСƽͷ˼ˣǿԼĸɸɾɫҲܺãȻǻĺܺõ֣СƽͷûУֻ塣
žðҶڵʹԼʮ꣬ƻͣ϶ϲС⡣
ҶĬһҪʲô
ֻҪڳԵľУȻסĵطȫһЩСƽͷΪҶˣʱϲɫҸʲôУƶܽ˵ǰ赸ģŮ˻ֻҪԸ⡭
ȵȡҶСƽͷĻǱ߲ȱĴ飬ȱשֵصģֻҪ󣬸ɻ࣬ܳסô
Сƽͷɫһ䣬Լˣˡ
ģģû뵽ˣңСƽͷ˿ĭתҪߡ
ౣͩЩĽһ
𼤶Ǵڶѣ㲻ʲôҶס·ͩɿԶǧ𪣬æ󺰣ǧ𪡢ǧ𪣬ߣ
˻Ǵһ˿ģ·ʱ׼μһøǺÿΧ˶̲סע
ȺУǧӸ߳úÿǺȺһĴڣʱҶתͷͿˣ죬֪˵ʲô
ǧ߽Ҷſ߻иʢװŮˣǰҶƣʱɫЩÿˡ
ʱСƽͷûԶҶͰǧͰҶƺ˶Բͨˣתת˱˼ͶԱ߿š
ǧ𪣬ʶҶһԼ⻬ÿԼʱƣᡣ
ȴòϣǳǰصرƤǱȲǰʮĸŮ
ôɣôпǧŰҶЦЦ˼磬ǸտҶʱϳʱȴҲûе
ҶƲ죬Ƿ˵ͷȥҼҰשԸⲻ
̧Լȥ̱һЩ
ԶСƽͷˣ̲סЦЦðҶʲôͷˣש
ðǧЦŵͷ浽ҸɶٶС
⻹࣡Ҷ±ᣬŴҵһ£Ҽȷʵ׼һЩשͷҲʩˣһһλŮԸⲻԸ⣿ʱܷġ
һʼΪҶǧǿЦڿƺģҶƶʱüͷи˲ӬƵģתͷǧ𪣬ȥǱ߿ɡʦͽйٷһЩ¶棬ǲܴᡣ
żǧ赭дķԭز
ҶٺЦ֪ǧġ
ԶСƽͷĿɿڴΪԼܲ㳡Ϊ˰ʦѧգҪҸŰţǧôõðשģשĻᶼʧȥˣ
һʱСƽͷе㻳ֲʱȥİҶȺ׼Ѱһᡣ
ౣ̧ͩС˴Ҷˡ
ҶװɵĨ˰أ˳ͩЦǱˣǲȥӦû˰ɣ
LǴ󲿷˶һˣϾǸᣬûԸ⼸ҲҹLҪˡǧЦҰһЩǱߣżȥ
Ա߰ҶƵıЩŤ
Դӵһμ濪ʼϲǧģҲһ𣬽ȻܴһǧЦһֱ̱ҶƻΪˡ
ֱΪֹǰŮҶƲ֪ԭǧҲЦһЦôÿ
˵Ǽʻǳ޵ĸӸоϸؿŰҶе죬ԼӦüȴǵˡ
Ǳ߻ϢĵطҪҪȥǧЦ


85 
źۼضŰҶƿһҶͷԡ
ǧ𪣬Ǳ߿ûôλãҼҲλãҪȥǱߣҶƺȻ˵忿ǧ𪣬ѹЩʶôãûжء 
㳡ϺѹѹĶˣôҶˣֱͷӣһԣźСܰǧ𪲻ǰ˵㣬ŮʣͷҸܸõġ
ҶɤӣѧӰӾЩŵӣɤϸ˵̱һ˫۾бſˣôôǺġ
㡭ҶƵıƬ뷢ܿԼڸǧһ𣬱ǿ
߰ɡҶ˵һͨúʹ졣
㳡ϲ˵ɽ˺˼ˡټߺܰȫйٸά򣬸СӳһѲߣȽϰȫԴҶܷɡ
ǧģ˿ǰĵطӣΡˮʳȵȣûľԼŰһЩڵ棬ȻԼӻĲǺܺá
ǰΧ㿿һЩӺӡЩԱ߻иӣһŻܣǰҶϤġ
槼ԭڰ칫¥̯ӵС̯ˣЯҶļУֽ槼һ㶼欣ΪرܳԿȥر׳ʵ³Ƶġ
ֵܣҺӿˣƿ¡˴󺰡
С̧ͷһöСŲǷ
 첻ˣˮδڶĲˣҪˮȻа
аǱѵĿˮֻҪȥܺȡС絭
ߣԱߵСȻһͳһͷȭͷСĲ۾Ŀ¶׹⣬ݼȻˣȥҪͷ
ǿһ¡¡˹ȥ
ߴߴ槼ķӦҲܿ죬ѸתԭذڿƣӭӲĵͷɿһ²Դˡ
﷢ĽͻȻſ죬³һڶҺ塣
СġС翴ˣʱӦжģŵش󺰡
槼͵ĺ˶㿪Һ䵽ϣѸٸʴ棬̵ôһ槼ʱǰֻܱĶ㿪ҧ²ë
СԱ߿۲ѣȴûԷֹͣΪǸı飬Ȼûôݡ
պɽԻͷһĻĲֻҪˡ
û뵽ҲԻҲпһ䡣
ǿвرֻȻʧܣӦǣǾûʲôõĵˡ
Ҷ֪ͩһĻҶԼҪ̲סˣҪֶԸǸͩ͸̲סˣͣڰҶ·Ķ
ڴҶעǱߣû˶ŰҶؿȻһһĵģ϶Ầµġ
ӦˣLûˡǧ۾˿˵Ҷʾ⣬Ȼʱ׼˰æ
ҶƿСļùȴ뵽ǼǰҶģɵþг죬ǸжǻǲҪȽϺãȿɡǱ߲дʦˣǻᴦµġ
¹ΣǴ⣬ǧС硣
ҶŤͷ˰Ҷһۣû˵ֱ£ؿڡ
ͩѸ˳·»䵽ϣһȥ
ܾǰҶͽ˵ĵֻҪԼˣǾ͵ûţ¹ʲôĶñ̬ȣǴ类ץˣҲԲСʧȥȫС
ͩΪȻ
һ·ɱ˲嵽ǰ棬צӺݺݵز棬תµʱצӲȵ˲Կϡ
һֻôСϰɱ⣡ɱɱɱС˷ܵش󺰡
ְֵȴͩһú죬һʱ벻ͻȻðļʲôͷʵ̫ˣһϲҫͩɫƵģҲûС
ɱС󺰡
󣬵ͩٴͷһڶҺ
ҺϷɣͩ䡣
۳ͩò䵽ҺУ˶һ¿Ҿ磬ȻͩȴڰлСӲͣƬ̣ıķ
Һɵߵ㣬£ûü㿪Լ˶Һ
ͩȵ䵽ϣߵǰ棬Ų۾ԼĶҺϹһౣ
ô£Сûʼˡ
ΪҺ˵Լ۾ϹˣϵƤëҲÿӿݵģ㿪ʼֱײܣҺǲҪ
ۿڳ֣һŻƷ䵽ϣ˲ѲΪһ̯ŧҺȼŶζȫʧ
ౣܵ槼ǰ˼ɤӣͩתһ굽Ⱥʧˡ
ܵҶߣ˳ȹ굽·֪
Сȴ֪æƼе˭ܹȷҶ϶ҲȺУֻû¶ѣֻҪôһ룬͵ʮ
ȻС룬յ˶ţǴˣϰĻ˺̯ӻҲòƨ֡
ȣȻ֪ϰϲ˵ƨֵѧôôֿڣ˭ǵסǳƨ˳ڡ
УСȻ˵
ûкҲ㣬ôɽԻͷ̾˿һʼΪֻȻôķϣδز㣬ڿȴҿˡ 
ɫҲܲÿղҪֻƼͻȻð»Щ˵ǰ̫ˣȻûľġ
ȻôȻǺ߻ˡȻͷ۾ϹˣҲô񱩣ʧȥǡղҪҳ֣ǶñҧˣҪǱ֣ᱨ㣬ѪƶƤ
Сһ촽ţǲϡ
ְֵȴ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬˵ˡ
Ƕ֪ưɣɽԻͷⶫӦþƵķʽֳ죬ÿ죬ֻҪ㹻࣬һͷ΢һ㣬ͻ᲻ͣջŵһͷڵģ
ҲŻȥַʽ죬ʱԼôĶ֪ɽһ
СЩ¶Ȼ˼һ
Ѫˣ
СŵͷԼĿӾȻ֪ʲôʱ˺ܶѪְֵСĿӣͿӵĴڲѪⶼûˣ¶ɭɭ׹ǣֻǲ֪ǲǲŵʱʲôأСȻûоۣҲûѪ
ͷһۣСһ˹ȥ
ٸߺܿ˳žΣ̧ˡ
ҶߵȻǶж񱨡ڽƻһܿʼͽҸطϢһ¡ȥǱüƿˮеˡ
ȥɡǧЦ


86 
ʶ𣿡Ҷ͵˰ҶƬ׼ҵļȺУʶ˽ҡУ鷳Ұҿ˵ʲôͷҵ·ˡ
Ⱥ˶ܳĬû˻ش
ҶƲģַԼСȺȺУ֪˭Ҫҡ
㿪ͼƬ˿Щ죬ַŴ˿Щȷ
óֻԥһ£Ҷ˸Ϣ 𣿡
ౣǱ߸պͩڰҶ·￴ˣǾͻظһ֡
ΪҶǲ˵˵¶ˣٴԥһ£ѵҶڴ㣬Сĵ㡣ϢҪˣҪɾ¼
ȰҶֻѾȥʮӣҲɾ˼¼
ˮҶƵͷֻҶǧһƿˮΧҲУûаҶƵġ
ǺϣⷿҲǺܶ࣬ҶóǳѪġ
϶ûúȣȻҪŸˣȥĶҶ֪ӹöϸģҲû˵ʲô
ǧùҶϣšݹȥЦͽʼˣ벻ȥԣ
⻰Ҷ̲סЦ˳ȥʲô
˶ϣΨûУҶƾԼƢ㹻ˣȻܵԣܲˣҲ԰Ҷ
ҾֵģȥǧҲȥҾͦõġҶЦǧûҪ˵иϹһ㣬ɽԻͷǾͱȲϡ
Ҷȴżˣˣôǧȥȥʲô£ҪܳΪʦͽܣԺͲı򾣬ȥﶼܰȫΪʲôȥ
żʱ˲ǧͰҶȥϵܺõӣææؿڡ
ҶҲûڰҶǰôãǰһô꣬ÿ춼˵ǰҶƾȻϲԼֻһ㣬Ҷ;ԼҪٿǱʲôˡ
ȷʵûȥµȥԣҾ͸ᡣǧЦҲûҪȥ 
ң費Ƕ˵˵ġȥԣҪǲУйϵȥõģɡҶһ㶣ǰǧ˵ʲôʲôôǧͻȻòһˡ
ˣԣԿǰҶ˵Լȥԣ˵˵ôǱ˳飬֪ʲôʱء
۳ǧ𪲻ΪԴҶ͸˸ƵģЦˣšƿǣ˵һЩֺ˵Ļˡ
ҪȷǰŮʮ꣬ǧĸоǰĽҶͷˡ
ڣҶҲЩܲˣǧ𪲻㶯ĹϵǰҶƻȥʦûȥ׼Ǳ߿ǱߵĹϵ
ŰɣҶŮһ˵תˡ
ŰҶ뿪ҶһЦǧ𪣬ôܵ˵ģҲ̫޳ˡ
Ӿˣڻ˺ҵüܡǧЦôͻȻʾˣҵһ۶ûϳ
Ҳ˵һ֮󣬾Ͱ˸ϳˡ
ҶϵƿУ쵽ȹͩȣһƲҾǵĽӣ¶αװһ¡RǱ߻ңϵ˶֪QҲˣ˭֪ûͶLǣҾһͽã͵͵Ķ֡
ǵǡǧͷСĵ㻹ǱȽϺõġ
ҶװҲ̫ˣ˶һϳ˵ҶģҲֻԼ˲ϬһͨĸоԵһ۾ȷϸš
һ˴Զյǧ˵˼ʲô
ͷ˴ߣŰҶǺӾȻˣȷְܻܲںܺڣ˵Ӧôô
٣ʹҶ
ַʽĲб߱ɱҶһʼСܸνĲ׽϶̿϶Ҳ˳
͸ѱƵģʼﲻ˳ҪѱҪЩͷ
ְֵܿԼĶӳԿ࣬һѾ˲һˣĽҲûʲôġ
ǰҶĴ󹫼Ϊ˵ģԸҲвһȽԹ̣ܽҶҲ˳ȻԼѡ
е˼ǧ𪿴˿ֻͻȻ˵ŪһЩԣƺҪʱȽϺõģҲҪǼǣõһܹŹֵĶӻͦʽء
ԼܿμӲԵˣеĸտʼ·ͱˢȥˣеϣ廨š
ɽԻͷµģҪȻٸûôɵҶҹʷӦòرϸ񣬱Ͼгƨִڡ
ǰֻ̫٣õ˲Ǻܶࡣǧ
ѾܺˣҪȻǻȫڲκһءҶҲΣбѡϵ𣿡
һǧ˵￴˿ֻɫЩӵİֻ˰Ҷ
ùֻһҶˡ
涼ϸǸʮĺӣͦ񣬻ǽܣܲٿرĽƬɱǺǿҲܲѡġ
ֻȽرǣûԹƨ֣ʡԵȵȶܺãֻǺеһԱ
ǻǵʱҶȥLǽץʱͷһͷܴL֮󣬱ܶۺΧ
ʱҾ÷ڣǵȷʵĶܲãҶɫ󣬻¶ɸɾģ·ûĩһôҾòˣ㲻ԼͬĳҪһͷ
ʱ˶ûʧܣöȷߵʱܻȽ鷳ҶֻˣһһĭҲܰ
ͷ˶Уù˺
λֵ˺֮ҲûȻ򣬶ǿʼްҶһΪ壬ܣȥɱɥʬ
лرģǧһѡˣΪںУܳԳƨ֡
Ҫѧ£ҶⱲӶĲѡ֮￪ǲõǴģðҶ̫飬һⶼûȻˡ
ܲ˵ǣ¹ٸ̬Ĭϵġ
˶Ӫ֪ܻãΪ㣡
ǸԽ˵ԽҲԽԽҶ߶ԼԼˡ
һﾹȻô˵ԼҪʦɹʵˣǶһУҶúܲˬ
ҪҰ㣿ǧʧҲΪҷۡ
ҪԼ֡Ҷһزͩ˯ˣҪȥ飡
ౣͩΪش
ǧҲҶҲûоֱܾһ·ߵǰ棬ʱȥͲʦģŶӵҲûзУŰҶ̱ı飬˷Ҫ֡
лҪ˵˵ӽڿ֣ǽҰݸɡ(??)hiahiahia


87 
֮ڣûе֣Ǹǰظĵ죬һ緢ұ֤ԲֱɵֶȥԸˣֻҪҳǰҾ;ҪҾӵҰ֤
ֵܣҶ׼Ⱥߵǰ棬ɤӼҾͿģǸҶҺϲоĻֺÿƯ˿Ӷ첻ϣ
ǸתǸŵĸŮʱЩмƤЦⲻЦôҪ˿Ӹ㿴ܲϣ
ҶĸŮȻʹ˵㣬ģÿҲ֮ܺǸ˿ڣˣå
åҶϵıܷŭȴеСϲԹĶˡǰ̧žߡ
ౣͩ˳ŰҶϵȹӷɿɶڰҶĽżϣҲһšצӷˮ඼жƵģʱ޹˼ɵĳ֣ǸǶʱͼѪ
˸СڣͷǱͩˡ
㱰ɣǸǸоһʹɾͶˣû뵽Ҷ˵־Ͷ֣׼ͷϵ-Ϸ-Ϸ׬׬ء
Ҳпֲ´ģӴ²Ҫûթɣ
ǣǸǴӲһ仰 Ȼ촽࣬ðĺ飬ۿŸ˼Ƶġ
ʱҲŲҶҲˣҲŪæǰ㡭ûëɣѪˡ
ѪǸһʱһ˹ȥ
ˣȥҽǱߡҶ˵ˣֻ˰æǱǧһ֣м׳ʵĺӹ
ȥҽҶҽתһ
Ѫ˯˾ûˡضδˣ£ڼ䲻ܳʳõܡһҲǵùδ˵Ĳҿһƶôô벻Բء
ҽô̬˿ڣҲֻԲˡ
ǰţеΪԼͷ̫Сһŭ֮¸˵ģ˻ر𵭶Ĺ˼Ȧֽг⳵׼ȥҽԺҲе˳죬˯бŸ˺üζûһڳɹ
ָĲ˶ҽر𵭶ˡ
ҶеڣɿһҸҽҩѰɡҽ㿴Ҫʲôȥ̯ǱãС˾С
ɣͷҹȥһˡҽݵ
ӲҶпˣ츳ҲᱻƢ۵ġ
ǰǧЦҪ£ôһ飬ټûгƨ֣˿Ҳ׷ˡ
ǧôһЦǰ˶޵ؿͬʱֶʰҶȫ벻ǧôÿˣôͱŮ˵ġ˲²Ҷ϶Ǵǧ𪡣
øҶڨС˧ˣʱԼûϣˣǸ˳˧ЦֺÿȻȥԺ󻹵ðשôȫܱܲԶˡ
͸С˧ȥŶӣܲܰʦ
Գƨ֮ǰһҪ˵飡˵ͳԵģȡʸǲͽܣɽԻͷչҪż
иǱѡˣҵõһöƨ֣ϲ˺ӾҪȥΧʱ˸ƻĺֹ
ֵܣ鷳㿴˵ٳԡ
Ҫǳˣᱻġ
һܴܲ㣿
ӶǾѡרάģ˳ſܳƨ֣ʱõƨֵ侲Ҫ嶯֮ȥ
ֻǳƨֺһõ˶뿪ȫĹ㳡򣬵طĻᱻߡ
ִҶɽԻͷţòִȻΪͽˣȻҲչǵ㡣ҿǲŪһܷⷿ䣬Գƨֵ˶٣ƿһ̴ѣЩ鵽׸߿棬˰ɣ
ĲɽԻͷʱһ㶣ÿС
ЩԼҵطԳƨ֣ʱųĳƨ֪ôԶ֪ˡ
ʲôҲң̴ƤҲܺڣûüСʱ˸ߴ̴ѣʹˡ
ҶչȥţͼиƵĺӴƿȫϣһɵĽ˷䣬̴Ѿðһɹɵϰ׵ĸ߿Уԭֻڷɣŵζ֮κĵڱ˽סˡ
ųζȫȥҵ˵ȣ仹ûţǰţѺӸ˳
ƿӵ̫̫ˬˣ
һʱϵı鶼Ƚ΢֪ӵǱ˼˼Ƿƨˬ ϲζ
Ҫˡǧ
ҶǱ߿ۣٷ֮ʮ˶ֵģյʵڲȷȺҵģҲֻжʮѡЩˣӴԺ˾Ͳһˡ˵棬Ҷ̲סп
Щ˵һʼǲһġǧ˵Щζ
ֻʱͩͻȻ¶ͷһֻצӱȻţҪˮҶ׼ˮȥˣûע
ǰѾʼʰӣȻͽѾˡ
ףҶȻɻ񿴵һٿȥȴҲˡ
ôر岻²ǲģҶҲûȥ¶
ǧһȥǱߣŴʰҶЦҪȥҼҾһۣ
Сǧ
һ֪ҶҪͣкóԵˣɻٶȱÿ࣬һҲЦݡ
ҲȥԹֻһʺԻԣѡˣԼˣѡǧ𪡣
ǧ𪣬ûȥԣҶԶԶؿҪߣæӿŲŰҶڣɫʱòÿ
ǧҡͷҲȥ
졢춼лᣬ԰ɡҸȥͱѡˣʦ˵Բкܴʾܡһƨأ׼ƵճԡҶ˵ţЩؿ۰ҶԼӦÿ԰ȥˡ
ǧ𪻹ǵģû̬
ǰҶԼڵ裬Ӧþǵ֣ǿڵ֪ƨ˭İɣ˵ǰҶģҶʲôϵ
ܡҶЦˣƨָǱߵ̯Ӷһ˵ģǶ˵ǰҶȴšû˱Ҹ˽ҶˣСȱҲ֪ʲô̼̬Ƶģճ˾Ͳšڻ֪ûС
˵ô࣬Ҷϵı黹Ǻܲãûа㵣ĵģ
ǧƳ˰Ҷһۣû˵
Ҷܵܰɣ㲻˵ҶûаоҶƣİһ
ҶЦЦʲôùĵģԭǸˣǼѾܲˡ
ʲôҶüʶҶƺл
ֻʱҶȴ˵ˣǵҼҵ£һ˹ʲôǧ𪣬ʦ


88 
ౣͩڸʻǰĵ粣棬̧צĵŲ
ˣҪˡҶεûҲûڹ㳡ֱӷֱˡ˼ǧ𪻹ڸҶ̸ⶼûءˣһëԲԣ
ͩתౡౣ
Ҷë𿪣˸һԵӷŽȥһЩͩʼͷˣŵҪԸҶһˣͳˣǧҲ˵ʲô֪йҵܣŪа
ౣͩ룬ڵͷ
Ҷ˿ųӵͣ£Ŵҽ塣
ԶԶؿ󹫼ܵˣҲܵ档һëɫģŻеÿ
ౣͩһɤӣܵһȥ˺ء
Ҳк·ĸȥߴˮϴֵϴ֣ýݵĽݡҹڳ̣Ǵصģ˵һͦͷĳʦṩ϶࣬Ҳ࣬Ҳһѡ
ọ̃ʱԼԵģʣµĶջװһһķŵС
ҶһƬԣ֥ζܰ
ҹЦЦ˫æ
˰ŴˮˣǧԺ￴Ϲ˫ûбĶҶ˿ҲûȥкȥԺæᶫ
ౣ֪ͩʲôʱҲ˲档
Ҷ̧ͷһʱˡ
󹫼ˣʱͩԼ棬ǰһͷİģʮֹŹ֣һë˵ģҲԲġ
ౣͩ˶ţǰ
ֻˣǲ뿪
ͩɡҶæ溰ͩһԼҲȻˡ
ౣͩȻǰһצڻͷϣôץŻһһĵ˲
һСƬյأͩŻ
̧ͷ˿Ҷצӣڵдһѧ⣬1+1=Ŀ⾼Ŀ
񿴿ϣٿͩӡ
ǸûĻͩǼʲô£ûµĻߡҶǼֻҪ֪֪׵ģ񣬲Ҫ
ౣͩҲһࡣ
һЩʻˮóԣŵκζ͸ˣҲ֮˻ʣٳһ飬ζ
кׯڶڳڰ˿ϧˡǰԺһЩˣҶժһЩӡܿཷԼȵȣժһЩ
ó⣬һ峴ը
Ҷûô ǧڣ˵ڳĲ˿žͺܲȥˡ
գ֪ͩʲôʱֻӣԼϲĲſŲˣҶæץġ
˺ҡҶѡ˼ƬϣΪԼ̯ͿǵصĺԼϢ
ҶҶ
ҶҪи̣Ϊ㣡
ȣ԰
ҶϸһⲻǸģһһŷԭƹأƨһ¶Ҫˣý֫
֪˭Ҫǳ˳ƨ֣ʣߣ˵Ͳý֫ˡ
ԴˣҽҲûиظǸ˾ץһ㣬ʼڰҶˡ֪Լ˺ûϣõƨ֣ܵ÷йһ³ްɣǰҶͳ˱
ڷǰĬһҶ֪²򵥣Ҳʲô
ҿ԰㡣ǧ
Բ˶ôţֱĿֻʱҶû򿴡
ͩһŰҶ˵һѧǧģԷ֪Ҷǧÿǧ𪲻ôܺã˯ʱҲ˵䡣
ͩžӿԼģ ǧĲǺܴģ׼ѧϰǧʡ
ȵܾúܾԺ󣬰Ҷֱ˵ͩĸСϸڶԼϲģ˺ܾöûףͩȻҲ˵
ʼգҾŬϲģΪϲ㡣
ȲæҸСӳϢǱû֪ġҶҪСӳ֪ҾϵRǺQǣ֪ܵ˭ںƲҪң
ǱߵĻϵˡ ǧ·
Ǿͺá Ҷͷ
ǧRǺQǱϵҶһ㶼û֣ǧӦñԼĻҪֻܶ࣬˴ʱǹҴţΪ˸Լöѡ
Ҳֵöһѡ
˷ҶණǴߣջ׼ЪϢСӳ绰ˡ
ҰˡСӳȽϸӡ˵Ǹӵ飬ҪְæԼˣҲ㶵Ȧӣ˿ķӣҪˡ˵齨ʵңҪоЩ
ҶĬ뵽һ㣬ʱûʲôϡġ
Ҳģͷ˵ˣ㣬˽ǡСӳ˵
ɣ֪ˣлл㡣Ҷ˵˵绰
еƣʱѵӦ֯ɱɥʬôΪʲôҪоǾҪоôɽԻͷֺαسɽĩôᱬ
Ҷ룬ȥؽԵģ̻ʵسС죬ͷ˯
ڶһ磬Ʋʰһϰҹͩȥ˹㳡
˱࣬ʧ˵ˣȻǲϷᡣ
һһˣɤŴˣҶ𣬡ϴʱĿԵģ
˵ģͳźɣļʮ˾Ͷ˹
ͷһԵĿɱʲôҪϾܻȥĶ
йˣҶǾôɤźҪɱɥʬһͷһƬɣȥľȥȥҲҪҵĲ磡
ͬʱ󺰣ƻǺܺƴġ
мãƼݵĺ߹ʰҶתߣ׼ȥɱɥʬˡ
ҶҲɥʬʬɥʬͷ֮󣬱仯Ƚϴһ۾ܿ
ֻĿԼңϵͷһŶȥģֳѶǡҶҲҪһƭǣйٸˣǶʶء
٣ֱɢͯӡɥʬɱҲȥ׬㶫
ɢͯӿɻУСӳÿÿŮƵġ
ߣŴʦͽ֪£ɱɥʬ׬Եġ
һʱ뿪˾ȻԽԽֻ࣬ǿҪȥˣЩܳԱȻȥðɱɥʬ
Ҳ˾ðҶ⣬Ȼʼɢơ
Щ˼ңҲİʣЩǲսʣдôģֻаҶɵӲŻװó
ǶڸĿҪȥ˵Ǹ
û뿪LȥѼʣԼҲû㹻±һЩϣֻĵʱҶǸǻȥϣ
ٺ٣ǲʱˢڸҲұһַʽЩ˵ɣҶȴû˵ʲôܸˡ


89 
ౣͩĶڰҶļϣֻ
ɣƶˡҶһ˱Qǲô˵ģϾҺͩķ˿СĿֻҪĳЩ˲ҪƲǾˡ
ౣͩŵͷ
룬Ҷòͩ˵ȻҲܴ˿ȥʲôʲôʱ򣬻ǵÿԼʵС
εЩӣҶҲͲɴ಻ȥͣͩԼȥԼȥ롣
ӹ㳡͵뿪ҶԶԶؿǧͰҶҲˣûǰкֱӱܿˡ
˵LȫҲֻ˵ѣ˿ڻÿ춼µɥʬֻ֣ɥʬΪ±ɱʣµĶε
ɥʬ𽥷仯øǿ󲿷˻ǲӣֻҪвԼȫʱ򣬲Żɱôһɥʬ
ϾֻҪӴɥʬпܸȾȻˣΪʲôҪȥɱɥʬأ
ˣҶӳͩҲ
ҹû³ڳϣԷ͵
ӹ㳡ɱɥʬȫѡطȫˮأʮ·ǱεһЩɥʬڱ˵Ϣȴûеġ
ŸָĹߣɥʬ󣬱ȿֺĳȥɱͷŵһߡ
ౣͩǰ˼͵ɲͷŰҶ
ǲȥɱɥʬɱͺáҶ
ֻҪžͺ Ҫɥʬ˱ɱ˵Щ˻᲻⣬ϾɱһɥʬҪġ
滹ϢˣҶҲͬˣȥɱɥʬ
ܸĶ࣬ɥʬҲͬɱֻҪСһ㣬һɱʮʮĻ⣬ǶʮĺɣҲġ
ֵܣ㵽զģиɱɥʬ࣬ʮһ뻨һɣҲûߣͶԱһ߳һߺЦʰҶ
û£׼¡ҶϲкܶҵѾûˡ
ǲмЦЦƾڵʵʱټս͵Ķ飬αЩأ˵ϾǼӣЩʲô
˵Ļһ㶼ûҲв˽ϵҶҪͶϵġ
ҶһûҪЦҿɲŪһˣԵģðټʱˣɻûͲټ
٣ǸˡЦŵͷɵˡ
ౣͩ˳ŰҶ·Դɻ
ҶŸԽԽԶ˸䲻ˣŵͩס¹ʲôʱʵҪعġʱֻǹһԱǶƹˣͺˡСӳǶƵİ
ౣͩԴ룬ǲ̫ףȴҲûмᣬĿ⾼ؿԶ
ɱɥʬҲˣǾĺ𣬳嵽ɥʬɱˡ
ŵ˶ľؿɱˣɱɥʬһɱɥʬǸɱˣֻѾɥʬֵҲһƬɶѡ
ɱɱۣɥʬԽԽ࣬۳ΣҲˣȴȫû
Ҷ̾˿ǰɱɥʬ˻ˣ㶫Żؼңɱɥʬˡ
һȥţЩʵĶ˶
ҼûˡǶˣһˣǱɥʬ˵һŻʲô˼ˡңҪܼȥ
Ҷü˦֣Ҳ֪ôܻȥ Ҳͬ㡣ÿ˵鶼Լ𣬱˰ﲻæɱɥʬҸ㶫ˡ
һߴЦһˣȥЩ
Ҷ֪˵ЦĲЩ޲Цˣ˵ġ
۳ҪˣҶһߣСӳ˸ţߵɥʬʬ壬ϳ뿪
˵ǽû߼ɥʬҵкü˶ɥʬץˣɱˡ
̾˿ҶóֻϵϢ
ǺӵʧˣڰҶҲûˣҲһЩ٩ģ˵СǼгرɵǮ࣬ɢͯӡ
ҲвʰҶʲôʱɢƣҲ໴˻ء
Ҷ뷢״̬ǲˡҼҵĵӿҪ죬ȥ칫¥ǰɹӣʱҪһЩæˣҪȥæģҵϢ
صУͩȻһɤӣһȥء
˵ƣҶ΢ʰһ£ȥ˸׼ͿִֻͩŹֵĻ
ˣҶŻ˿ʣ㵽Ϊɶ
ౣ񲻶ͩצһţǲŸƵġ
Ҷ룬óֻ˸ոɽԻͷ˹ȥ
ܿϢظ
̽鱨ġİ˲Ὺڣֻ˿˵ԣַܿ䣬Ӧͬģ˭˵LǿˣҪСһ㣡
һɽԻͷϢҲˣ˵ĸ࣬ƺ̫Ӧֻд˺ܶ֡
û취Ԥ𣿡ҶɲԼ鱨֪ڲ˳ƨֲ֣ǲ֪ġ
ûУֻҪƿǿʼĵһ۾ˣһӡǱٻظ
Ҷ룬ʣҪݳ˵أ
Ǳһ㶣Ȼû뵽Ĳԥһ»ظһģһĻ˵вһķûݵĸһģһ
ŶҶû˵ʲô
ڵ֮Ҫֻ֪˭ģҪŪģС
Ϊ˰Ҷóֻһ߷һͩ˸ħԵĹ㳡裬¼ƳƵڻǰѭš
ֻ񱻹ССӲſһϵ㳡裬̲סҪҡˡ
ѭ죬ҶŴӣѻų
ʶ˶壬С۾һȦڲģչҡҡλεǰɡ
Ҷʹͩгں档
Ӵӳ ɽLǣֽһܲ۵СȥĴ֮󣬰Ҷ˿ֺñӣҲ¥
һš
˭ܾ衣
ǰ칫¥ģǼϡҶ
һ£溰һɤӣӦ׼һֹһţ¶Ǻܾ裬Ǽʲô
ҶװģóʣԱ֤ҲҪ
壬Уû֤
ǴºţҶü̧ͷ忴
ԭ߬ȭͷɿţ
ɣס԰ɣҪ߶LҪһ˿ղ飬м¼ߡˣûܣҶīӣҲʼ
岻ͷˣֱ˵ûС顯һš
лҪ˵ˣеۡ¾ˡ


90 
㶼ʲôؽŴȷҶ뿪֮ŽݶŻ˵
յ˵ָʾ죬е֣ȴʮֱ
ߴߴģ񻹱ŤӺƨɣҲչŤצӸǲŹĵıġ
ʲôûס
һ飬ų裬γĸˡ
ˣǰʱϵˢ˵Ӧĩ㳡裬ֱһȺ
Ϳûģ岻ģʡ
ԴһҪæֹ㳡ʵܲȥˣȻر𣬵Ҳϲ
ٸһλȥҪǻѧ⣬ͱˣ˻һԵģ뿪
ҶصֻʼͩĹ㳡衣
̫ÿˣٿᣬÿ涼ǱҶ̵ؿţҪϷͩĸǼҵСĸ档
ౣͩԺӦһȥ˵أѡһöͮͮͷСģɸɾСժܵ
СͮͮͩµëۻۻƣССĺڶ۵ضֻͷʮ㡣
ˣҶֻһ£򵥵Ƶϴϣҷ״̬ҼҲֳһ⼸ȥ칫¥ǱߣӭԤ
̯ӵСҲתиָƹ㡣
ʱûɶ¸ˣҶɴϴ˯
Լҷһֱţ䡢ų̈ϴ»Ҳ˳˳·ϴ˵㣬ֱͨˮóˮضôˮˮˣֱòˮܽؾУǳ򵥣ҹһ˾ܸɵˡ
ౣͩҲſͷ˯ȻĶССĽһŤͷ۰Ҷɿ´˳ȥ
ԺﾲĵģǶ˯ͩһ·ɱȥ˺ء
˳ȥͩ򿪴굽棬ǰܣŲ֦ϣؿǰ档
ո䵽֦ϣûüȥͩˡ
ͩ˱ѭŵĹ㳡ƵĿ־壬ʶӡ
ౣͩȥץŻת˻ȥ
ŻԴܵԼֻǰ棬ֻҵҶϵƵ㿪񿴡
ϤԼϤ赸оԼҪˡ
ȰҶľһĻ
ȵȣ׸ݣҶ Լڡ
ϴμװǼϵĹԱû壬Ҷ͵͵գʱƬžӿʼŪüһģһ֮󣬰Ҷ·ϣų
ౣͩһצӹصƵɿ
էһõɣתܣһŤͷҶʱס
˵ɣʲôҶʡ
һ㶣ϸضŰҶӦ壬ƺе㲻ϢȴеһʱЩͿ
գ˵ĿֲǺϵĿʼݡ
һι㳡裬ģ˵ŰҶǰ˵ֿʼǰѾЩģļ䡣
ˡĲˣŻԼЩԺˣڷŹ㳡ݡ
жαװҶ绰
ǲǲ߰Ҷʡ
ߡҲرã͵ٻȥһΣҪȻ񿴵ʲôġⶫΨһŵģԼ뷨١͵
ͷĻ񣬰Ҷȷʵͦ͵ġ
ϴǸ̶ɺпȥLǡ
̶ôҪҪ˹ȥ
ұ죬Ҳ֪ҪƤӵŪˡȥغQǵĵ̣ɲҪҶ
̶Ūˣӵʧ̫ˣ
Ҷʮֻǵڻݵʱ򣬴ֻ¼ܣʱʱٴоһЩҪĻ
̶ɣҶӦþںԺֲ֮һ
¶̣ƽʱϲ޷Զж̻Ӳ߱ҶҲܴ߷̶ɱֲ仯󣬼մܾͳ
ʱҶϰܣûƣŴ̶ɴ߷˰죬ȵڶһüһ̶ĬĬس˸ߣҶӡ֦ĶС̣еĻеǿ˻˹۳ŹӾҪ졣
Ϊ֪ⶫɶãҶƤҲûñ˿
ʱȻ̶֪ɵˣҶ룬ָɽԻͷš
ǱλظıȽֻɽԻͷ̵żЩأȫ档Ϲʱڣ̶һûһǵĿֲڡʲô
û£һô̶ɡҶ룬ǾɽԻͷˡ
ɽԻͷһʱסˣæظôô˵͹ȥ
ɡҶ
ʵɽԻͷ˻вͽɹҪн̵ܵĵ̵ûܵҪʼУǵĻʳȫǳԴסеȵȣɹٸ˰ź͹͵ùٸǱòʡ
칫¥Ǳһʱİ巿ͽǾס棬еĻϼҴڵģ鷳
ɽԻͷֻܽУٸ˹ܣ˺üͣЧȴҲеġ
иֱУȻǹھʲôģܹĹܹ˵Ҳ˵ѵҪʦţ
ֱҲһЩָϣǹٸĬġ
ҶĴֻÿǵֱƵǺԭشһϾðһ㺹۾һ
ǽܣϰƳƬʦ˵ȥŶԸɥʬʱֱʦֵǣ޴˵ʦѧգⱲӶڣ
ͲɥʬвԺﵽһĳ̶ȣҲҪˡ
ȥͦġҶ°͵ ƺҲͦġ
ౣ֪ͩʲôʱСһҡһڵߵֻǰ棬Ҳ׳
׳棬ȥ˸裬Сķˡ
˶ɹݷģĴͷдĺ⣬ӦǹͷġģȻÿζӦҲܲ
ܺóԣӪḻЩÿ춼ܷҲнƶȣҪǽȴﲻʦҪϻҪӰС϶ԾӰ࣬ϾʵһС
Űʦû죬Ǻ˵ķʽƺˡ
ҶŤͷ˿ϰҹģһһ̸ճ֮ǰյһ⣬ŵóһȺõĺ⡣
ͷ˵˰ɡҶˣҿֱͦЩ˺ѧˣҹҪҲȥԣ
ҹʰҶ
Ҷ룬ҡͷˣҾҲͦõġûѸʵ


91 
ౣͩԼҴſǰ棬ڵĿɽԻͷ
ߴߴ
ߴ
ͩĶʮֻУʱ۾ǰƴӡ
ɽԻͷ˶ˡʵǰ칫¥С槼ǰոճ˷ͷǻиʵĸȥ̯ӻʱԼʵǿ۸С硣
˼СƽŵģδԹ࣬ȷʵ
ʱ˯槼պۿԼ˱۸ˣǵߣѸĵͷƵһװ˶׳ɲҪצӡ
׳ŵʹ飬ĶʮӲŵþȣҪȻأ˵Ҳܵش
Сã׳˲ٶ槼Ҳˣƽ￴žǸͰ˯˯˳ԣëر·ֻйԣȫû뵽ߵʱôǿ
칫¥жĽˣרŴ˵槼ڰҶʵǿģֻеȡ
ӿô槼ǿĴڣɽԻͷһۣûǰ
ȣҸҶ˵ġɽԻͷ͵
ౣͩצӣڵд˸ƴshui
ðɣǵȣǵȻôɽԻͷε
׵İҶ˯ˣʮһֱ˯ĵӡͩŶתȥҲܻȥ
ɽԻͷֵһҶ˸绰ŵԽȥ
ߡҶҲȷǺǻƤΧǿʱСĵ㣬Ҫ˵ĻҪҡ
˶ܽؿɽñȽԶȴҲܿ
ɽԻͷһ˼ӦȷʵǴ̶ɡⶫ̫Σգ취Ų߲СûΣգ
оɽԻͷӦĹԼҶʲôΣնûУ㿴һأ̺
Ա߿ľսģȻҶȷʵȥ̣ʹ󣬴̶ɰ㷴ӦûС
ౣ֪ͩʲôʱҵ϶ȥҲצӴ̶ɣʹо̶ɵľɶҪˣȻʲôӦû 
ҲԣɽЩ಻ס
⵽ǹżصֲΣϵߣǴ˵һûһǵĴڡֲ㷢ˣҲ֪ʲô⣬оȴһɽڶֲľη֡
ɽָ֦׵ʱԭ֦Ȼ˶ֱѸֱɽָסս
±ɵסָƤ⡣
Բۣɽջֻ֣ܺݺݵһ䡣
Сĵ㡣ҶһĻҲǾԼָһۣ̫ҿˣ̶ɵģǰ
ֵǣ̶ɱҶžģ̱ܿŵһſŸ֮ǰûʲô
˵ʲôȴˡ
ɽԻͷɽһָ飬̶ԶʱͲֲͨڡΪˡһͲߣɣֻǲ㿿ˡ
ŶҶͷ
ֲɽԻͷ˿ҲʶҶԼʶˣֻôţоӦûʲôΣա
̶ɣҶǰԺԺټϺأͷ˯ϹһֱĢз·ԽԽÿİҹɽԻͷ˶ܸȤ
˽۹ĿǰΪֹ֮£ûбĵطҶļô
߲˳ֺֿãȻаҶֲܵԵʣҲ뿪ңЩǲôܵӰ졣
ֲ˵ֵôУԽֲʪȡ¶ȵȵҪԽߣҪȻҲֻһЩԽǻӵݳвֲˣҶȴһ
˵ػڴĳƨ֣ⶫɽԻͷҲ֪ôģȥȴֲÿڡ
ǰҶ·û˵뷨ƵģֺǺǵˣǿȥæˡˣҼҸҪǿɥʬʲôģ鷳Ҵ
˵ˣɽԻͷ˶һֻۣ뿪
Сÿ죬ټϰҶпվ͹߷Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
ժ֮󲻺óڱ棬ɴɹҪ翾ˣڰҶװҲУǴСӳͱʱһ˵ûʲô𣬵ǰҶз˵õϡ
õĹͬհװһԼҳԣһַŵ׼ȥ칫¥Ǳߡ
ΪԤ棬Ԥ˻ͦࡣ
Ҷ˺ü죬ÿ߷СһӣһžĿˣкҹ ͩһš
ˡҶпɥʬͱ򾶼𽥱ǿȴô³˰ȫĳеĵط粽ˡ
ҹͷΪȻ
ĵطб򾣬ѾΪʶ
˶ɽԻͷ˵ĵһͽܹΪɱɥʬƬײԸԷˮһ򵥣һϣ
˹㳡ж칫¥ߡ
һ·ϣҶĶǹЩµġ
˵ʵǿѾʦȥ̵ò˶þͲ±ˡ
ʵҲšɥʬĲӣܸ
˵ǽСӣרɱɥʬ ΪӢ
ӴǣھѾYYˣдĺܾʡ
˰ɣʵվǲһġ
С磬Ҳ˵Ҷ͸˵ǵʵȷʵܿ죬˵еѾʼԵڶöƨ֣ЧǳáǱ߻ԤһЩ߲ˣƺҪΪȥ
Ҷͷ
ʱ˺࣬Ҳѡô˶ѣټϳƨʣֺãʵĿ
˵С̽ͷ˿棬ûˣѹǺջǽ֫ˣϢ˵ʱûˣò׾ȻûסԺˡһЩţ˵Ǹһʲôо
͸Сӳ˵ĶˣҶͷʾԼ֪ˣ·ϡ
ɱɥʬ˵ԹۣҶ룬С׼ʱȥ̯ҲҪȥΧΧۣЩ˵ʵΡ
Ӱ칫¥ϣҶͿRֿʼڣȻҲƳһˣȻҪLǶŸɵˡ
Ϊϴֲ飿
Ҷûô򵥣źɽŲ򵥵ˡɽԻͷ˷ֱԼԸĳУټ춯ͽȻȷʵΪȫ࣬ΪɱɥʬҪ˵ûбĿģҶɲţôźɽҲˣֻûеõٸֶ֧ѡ
ɥʬһɱǾһˢڸеĻᣬʲô˭Ҳ֪
ౣͩȻҶϣһ죬³һƨ֣ƮҶϡ
Ҷͷ˿ҳ԰㣬ûð絽ҲһЩƨ֣ȥˢһڸкˡ
ڰҶôЩR͵Ķ͵Ҳ͵ǾͲ糹׸ߵˡ


92 
ͩһҪסһ׼Ǿ˲ҲˣұطˣҶĳҵ˼˵˭˳붯ֵĻǰȻҲвԷҪ㣬Ǳûֵģ
ౣͩͷΥİҵддȻڼǱʼǡ
һЩ˼ҿŰҶֲֵأﻹˣķˮģСҲ˲ʣһЩСз۳Ҳˣڰ಻סҰҶȡ
ǰҶ̻ڵʱ򣬸˵ĹϵرãҲر
һүүź̶԰Ҷ˵Ṇ̀ǴУǺܲһġĲˣƵġ
ʱͩԱƽʱѧ˼Ʒ¿ΣͩҪϰףһҪġ
үү˵ȥ̲ǻˣͩԼĥһ£оˣ嵽үүǰ棬Уౣ
ǺǣСһܾôȡͩýмУʯͷС
ౣͩүүԼ
գͩûסүүˣСүүգ˺ôһ顣
Ҷ֪󣬼ҴóΪүүȴûУͻȻƵģҶ˵һ¡
ӣͻȻүүǻ⸽ĺĸҲҸһϱʱǸ̺Ȼ˴ҿ˵һ۾Ͷˣȥ׷˼ңǸͽʱ̵ͿȥҲʮ꣡
ղϰүүп
ҶʲôүүȻȴʲôˣҶ̽Ե˼䣬һ㶼ûֻա
¹󣬰Ҷʰ˶ϼҴڵĳţ·ϱͩ˼Ρ
Լһʱܽ׵ġҶͷȥһЩӣѧϰһ·̼ЩȻˣֲˣζֻԼˡ
ౣͩͷ
ӵLǱԵͣ£ǰ߾ǽһ·ȽΣգ˵ǰͼûл˾סˣ
߸ıȽ磬ҲһƬհ׵ˮأ϶ȵȶ֤ûбĴڡ
Ѿ˲ˣԹϿֵģЩͽܵļҲһЩLǵҪǰҶº޸ˣСҲһ
ԶĿյأƺҪǽˡҶһȻ˵
ϰ壬ƺѾļҪʼˡҲǣԼûģֻݻʱΣնپͲ˵ˡСиݣ֪ıȰҶҪһЩƺȽǽʱɻ˶йʣҲǻһ´ҵѹɡ
ͦġҶͷ
С翪һܴ䳵泵򿪾ֳɵƶС̵꣬ɶУиָϣ߹ȵȡ
ʵڿܲףֵֽǮʳ
룬ҳ֣ѵҪʳʳԣҶԼǸӣͦŹֵġ
С󶼻ʲôȻиһϴС
СܴݵóӳӵﻻĶࡣĻԻߵĶϿԻߡ
Ҷŷ֣ԭĶǷģһֺԣɼСģͷõöС硣
С󡣡˵
˶뿪СִչҶ˵ϰ壬Ȼǻ峡ҪһЩɥʬӦΣհɣ
һҶƬ̵˭Ҳ֪ɥʬʲô̶ˣɥʬȫȷ顣ҪǳΣգܾܣҪҪĲҪ
Сͷ
ȻһһȺˣʼȺ
˿ŸװȥѪһӷɳۻٵʮɥʬأ˼ٸɥʬ
Ⱥɥʬ˷ӦҪȺ˹ȥʱѵͽǳˣһ򵥵ȹߣɱɥʬֿ䡣
ܿɥʬ͸ɱ˴ԼСһ룬һйһ򵥡
ɱɥʬͽЩͣһ緢˸Ǿú죬ռϷ磬ɥʬҲûʲôµˡ
˴ţɱɱɥʬǾͰȫˡ
ɱ
ɥʬˣ!
첻֪ɱÿ
˶˷òΪ֮һ䣬ڲôǷˣôЩϣǡ
ҶûһֱСһ˰ҹߣŴӼĶܵ͵ӵųԣЩɥʬѪģȻθںܲ
ౣͩצץһСԵ춼ͮͮġ
Ȼ̧ͷԶ͵ŴͣСȥҶϣʼȻౣ
ҶҲ˲֣԰ҹسá
ͩ϶ǷʲôҶȻ׾ģǰ׼ûдġͩǰ棬γӴɥʬȽ϶࣬ж׹ں档
ҶҲУһ·䣬ǵֱ໽УLŮˡ
ڿʼ趨ͷ˭ɱɥʬ࣬Ҿ͸һƨ֣ҶȻ󺰣˽˵ĽŶ鿼ǵġ
ߣҶߡ
ǶƨǶԹ֪еİڴҵʵǺܴƴõƨ֣ȥܱ˸ǿһ㣬ɵӲŻ
һʱɱɥʬˣҶҲһССķͷ
Ȼ˼һȥĹȻɥʬӵ˻ķӦҲ죬ʩչܣֻɥʬٶȴɥʬ죬Ȼɺϵض㿪ˡ
Χ˶һ㶣˲˹ȥæ
ɥʬȴҲȥۣӲһʱ侹Ȼûɱкü˵·ץƣҺûˡ
ֻһ˶ͶϾΪɱôһɥʬϾͲˡ
ͩˡҶ˿ԶͻȻһè˸
ɥʬ̫ԵʣڻɥʬĹкüͨɥʬһЩ˶ԸһɥʬͶڻЩɥʬˣǻ֪
ɽԻͷֵҲԣҶҪˢڸУL֪ԼҪԣɱͷһȣΪ˽˶ԹҪԼRǡ
ͻأĳȥɱɥʬȺּǰֱܵ·ϡ
ĶᵽɤֻۣóֻƵǸɵӣܰΣ
ҶеҶƬ˲ɳȥͩһצһ򾣬ȫԴ
һĻͻȻ˸Ҳֲ̫ˡ
ͩȳ֣ҶƬηӦٳ֣ΣҶ侲
ౣͩӦš
ôŹ֣ϴζԸҰȥĵطȴ۾Ҷ²⣬Ҫ֤һ¡
һƬܣɥʬԼĴڣָҶƬ˦ȥ


93 
еҶƬûǰסɥʬĸֱ֪
ýˣܿɥʬƿһСڣһöҶƬɽȥɥʬʱ˶زˡ
ౣͩŤͷһҲɥʬϣצץ
Ҷպÿæѣͩ㲻ѧץӣԿǣ
ౣͩ˳ɥʬĲԴϣ㱻ɥʬҧԱߵİҶľսģͩҧš
һԼûʲôԾɿ˺ɥʬԿǣצȥƺǽ˽һɥʬ
ʣµͨɥʬͲùˡҶȻ
ͩڿ񱼣һ٣˸䣬ǰǸԲһɥʬ
еĲһɥʬȫɱҶԭ ͩ
ͩ˿˲צӣһЩɾҶ˲צӣеԼŪˣûҶ·ϣǸűһߡ
˴Ӵȥٵɥʬϣɱɥʬת
򾻹ڲͣȫвǡ
ȫֻ㱣Լ˴ǰİҶͩαޱȸߴһͬԽĴɽһƽ
ȺܾôŰҶ˵ͩղ嶯ˡɥʬȻŲ̫һ˭֪ʲôԣù۲˲֮֡Ϊҵر𣬲ÿܳ֡
ౣͩС򣬹ԹԵͷ
ˮϵİȫشҶ˿ǰ棬ͷɥʬǱɱˣֻ֫ˣԴҲѪģóЩ̫СĽɱɥʬôʱ䡣
ҶҶɿӿŲһЦұⰡҾɱ˼ɥʬӰж
ͽһֱɱɥʬûע⵽ԶɥʬǸͨĲһģȴúȻûô򵥡
ҶƿŰҶȻȫȫĻвɵò죬ڰʦѧգʵ˲ֹһ㣬ǲȥбĵطЩʵǷʤ
ߣ󡣡Ҷֹ
ɱɥʬΧͨɥʬԴԴϵҶƵûտҶֻܼɱɥʬ
ԹϹȴһʱһ졣
ҶΪҶǸɵӣȥ˼Ҳȥģɾɱ˼ɥʬһɥʬ
ýܿҶ˼һº˵ģҲ·մ˵㳾űߵͩҲɸɾġ
ȥ޺Ҫûۼ˭ȷһһȻոôײеɱɥʬ
ֵܣţXȻһǱĳһݵؿŰҶ
ҶͻȻû˸˵أܲԼİɣЦһһ㣬֡
ǸɵҶƬܲܽ̽ң˵ĺϣûȰҶ˵ͰԼ˵һ飬ʵҲʦɹˣ˳ƨ֣ȷʵҾѵܱȽرʦ˵ʱû취̵ңԼ򡣲˵һиҪǰͲˣֵֵġ
ȵȣʲôܣҶߵٵĵطʡ
˵ͦ࣬ؼĵطû˵
Ǳ˱ֺ°Ҷòͷֻÿڵֽ
ֽĻҶӦͦģҪ۸ƥɶģȥ߱ϱˣȲõʱ۸ӣϢʱסȥֱܵİ
ҶԼ뷨˵һ飬Ǹϵı͸Ƶģ˵ֻӣȻܷɼףٶȻûô
԰ӵȼ㲻յɥʬҲŻŻɥʬɣҶʶ
զû뵽ǻȻ򣬳ŰҶлתˡ
뿪ȺҶصߣɽԻͷ֪ʲôʱˣڳԱ߿Լ
ɽԻͷ۰Ҷֿͩû뵽֡±¶ʵ𣿽ҲQǡRǵڳ
Ҳû취ҪҲ¶һʵLǵ˾Ҫ۸ˡRңʻֲͦ࣬ʲôܡҶֵ̯Ҳֻô취ͷ˵Լʵͷֲǲ֪ܶ˶ӲҪǾûʲô£ԵĻһȺ޴ˣ˵ҵǴǣǱǴ򣿡
ɽԻͷ˵ˣȴѾϷ˼⡣
ûжô͵ҶɴƨֵϢǾãҪ̫Ľڲ٣ʲôԶʱЧԵġ֪ƨҼҳģ֪
˶Ĭˣ˺һɽԻͷͻȻһҪô̶ɣ
˵ģҿû˵ĻҶܹĲϣȴҲ޵˵ҪЩֵ̫ĻҾͲˡɷлһ˵أѵˣ
Ҷ˵תȥһƿȪˮ˸һԵֽ裬ˮȥŵһߡ
ౣͩȥһȦ̽ͷŰҶ
ȵȣԡ¶ܿҵˡҶͷҲصغӦڰҼǵóŵʱ˵ġͩɾŪ˱ϴ裬ëһģҿ
ҹڳ﷭ⶼһ飬Ҳûڰҵڳҵġ
ԡ¶ŵһԸͩãҶë׼š
ϴ裬ûˮϴһ߲⡣
ɽԻͷĬĬĿһĻжĸпкֻܶ࣬ϧﲻϿǣֻϿɰҶһˣô
̾˿ɽԻͷǵ̶ɵײֲͨҪСʹá
ðɡҶûô̶ʲôͬģȥоͦõģQQҪȷóԣҶ볢ζˡ
Ǳɱɥʬڽӽβɥʬʣµɢɢɱͽˡ
Χ۵ĳԹȺڶ࣬ͷԼĪɱ˼ٸһǧǺܽӽˡֻô˶ѣսʵǺܲ
˵ҪûаҶʷԵʱˡѪڣҲȥɱɥʬ
ǣ˵ģǳóĲͷҲԸɱ
ϧˣʷԵһĻ
ûз֣ûʦѧգȴܴǰûע⵽ڡǼɥʬѰܶԸģϻƵ
ŷôӦö뵽ɡLǣǱĳУܿʵ߲ˣֵذɣڱˣֵصĳ̫һ˶ܲס˵Ҷɻľֻˡ
ȫûеҲ˿ǹܵ˹鿴ɣе˵άްɣЩǱΣգûԸΪֵض
֪Ҷڲͬٶ۵ڲź֪
ҶҲֻһ֪ͣԸˣʮֺ񶾣ЩӾ
Ҳû̫˵ҶԭһԼҶǺˣʱӣ޶ûطȥ
ϻһЩ˵ԼѪʷʲôģֱ˸Ҳȥˡ


94 
Ҷ׼ˣ˭áǰҶŰװõĳƨֹȥֳŵ
óƨֵǸСˣҶʶҲû˵ЩɱɥʬԹȺڵ۾ѩģ˭ɱ˶ٶġ
ҶҲȺУԭƯɱɥʬĶкܺÿȻɱɥʬģȷʵÿŮԣ󲿷˹עţԴӰҶͻȻƵĳȥɱɥʬֻҵĹעͶ˰Ҷϡ
ǽƵĵطǺܶ࣬ҰҶҪÿһЩҶвʱֻڲԶԹۡ
˶ߵĲˣҶͰҹʰΧ
Ҷ߹ôһֱ겻ɢ
զˣҶ⣬겻ɢŶ԰ɣʲôûɣҹʲô
ߣҶЩߣԭԼʵˣܵҶˣҶʵǿŭ𣬵ƨֳģ
ԭѾ굽ҵλſţ뿪ֳͩˡ
ϣԴŰҶƣͩౣ
צӣڵϻһĺۼ
ҶüܺĳҪңҲ
ͩǰҲ˹ˣ³ͩҪǺȻ֣ҶаոҶʱ򲻳Ū
ͩȴûֻ۾ŰҶơ
㣬һߣҪԽȥ¿ˮҶεСѧ֪ɣͩѧ⡣
ؼԴͷڰҶϣ֪ͩʶ͵ҪͬչУżȻѪģһСѧĻ߱ͩסˡ
Ҳû˾ϿΣͩѧã߾ˡ
ҶߣԼˣˣǿѹŭʣ˵ƨǲֵģ
Ҷ԰ҶαװĸŮʱϳϳƨǰҶֳȥ˲飬ûбĿֻܺԸŵġ
ƨҵİûҲõǲҶȻЦȰ㲻ҪңҰ˺ɾԶòƨˡ
㣡Ҷƻ˵ʲôײðա
ҳƨ¹شҶ׿ȷˣûȥСü飬ƨ֣Ҷεõġ
ŰҶת뿪ҶҲû˵ɶ
أȥµظɻӲҲٿһ飬ûкúøɻӲݶεٿЩջĶջˡǰԺļˣЩҶŽʣؼŽʣ顣
ڳϣҶͿʼ߶ˣͩȥͳƣЩġûĶͲùˡУı켦жû꣬ǲǳе
ౣͩڵ粣棬ݵĿǰʱʱĵͷһˮ
Ҷڶûʲô仯ͩԼҼгûͦġ
һÿԵҲ٣ƽʱ˳Էиָʳϵȵȣô࣬仯ҲֻͷĴë˼ԺԵһ㣬ĵطûб仯
˼ҶȥȦ˿ˮˢҲռ׼Žʡ
֪Lûץһͷţ̣ҶͻͩǲΪӪܣû̵Ĺϵ
ҹûӦȥĢˡ
ౣͩһȥ˺ء
ϲˣڱȿѭŵƵߵ߶סģҲ
ʱˣҶԷ֮ǰѻˡ
ŵ⣬Ҳȷ˸ӼİװöˣҶóһ黯˱гС飬һֳˣһְ˽ڡ
ڳԲԷŵУ´Եʱóԡ
ͩҵԼϸźãҲպóԷˡ
϶ɶҶһߴֻһ߸пǶ磬ڴҶһĨڣ֪ʲô¡
ͽɱɥʬѾٷйذҶͩɱɥʬȴһ㶼û͸¶Ҷͦõ Ҳ̫ͷѹЩˡ
һ֯ɱɥʬռʣ߱еȵȣ˶е岻ͬ
µͽǣٺ֮Ϊƿʹŵˣ˵Ľ̵ټϳƨ֣ǵʱߵ֮һĳɾҲҫۣĵһǴִ
ȥܳʱԺ˵ʱֳĳԹϹڣżȻҶźʱıֿƾޣǵķͷԶԶŶԡ
ʱİҶҲֻһЦҲ׷ЩԶҶԣνġ
ڣû˿ôԶҲ֪һͽĳɾ͡
СӳרŸҶ绰Щ̫ȻĴڣֺܺãҿǻɾйƵôֻҪԸ⣬߾Ͱ㣡
ҶνǹٸǱ߲߻˺ܾ ʿģԭͲӦóȻȥɱɥʬ˰ɡˣǣξȻֻǰά򣬶û˳֡
Ǹǲһϵͳ˸ɽԻͷ̸ˣûɹ˼ǣҪʦСӳ͸¶һЩ
ڿֻҪ㹻ټϳƨֻ֣ҪܰʦǾ޴ģǱ˸࣬ȻҲҪˡ
Ҷ룬¶ﲻʲôæǱ˵绰
ȴܾǰţǸõһиڹǣҲ֪ǸʲôģҲ̫
ǵʱҶŪ˸ܲ˸ʵţڵؽƽʱµؽѾҳԵģûע⡣
ͩҲῪؽѵţȥģ֪ûаܲŪˡ
ܲȥôãʲôľӦѾ˰ɡ
ÿµؽѣҲûŵζ
Ҷɻȴٵ飬æȥؽѡ
ܲĲһЩҳҶſһתóо
ʮֹŹ֣Ҳû˵ҪȶãһЩҳ浹ǿӦǳɹԭʧȥʬܹģûʲô𣬵Ҷ϶ǳҪ¼еҲдǲܵˡ
ͩСĵ㰡Ҫ쳣֪𣡡ҶضۼҵؽѳԵö࣬һҪЩ
ౣͩ죬һðһ
ǾͺãҿˣҶƿ
һֱضŲ棬ȴûɰĺۼʧ󲼹һԣͩһڻǣѸˡ
ײ棬ûгζܲҲûóһ̲ˮ
ܲĶƺʧˣԭŤŤܲ·Ҷſһ֡
ͩæ׼һ쳣
ܲҶ˿棬ַʱһոȥ
ౣͩҲǳĽһ
ܲԭܲȴ˰Ҷŵı仯


95 
Ƶ̣ܶ쵽ֻмӡ
ɽԻͷȴܵ˾ţմ̵ͽǻ۵öûܺȿˮͣĽɽԼˡ
ҶҲΣʶУҲɽԻͷԣ塢źɽˣҶҲϵԼòͷˡ
ౣͩڰҶ߹Թſš
һͩȻ߿ֹһżͷëɫģȵļУҲſΧΧۡ
Ҷ룬ҲѰҹֽϹһΧۡ
ɽԻͷͿԺɢɢģſŵſţŵĶţеıﲻסȥɳѷġģһϴ裬ǰҶƵĶˡ
ɽԻͷϸؿ˿󵹳һ
Ҷǵͩɣôе㱿˰컹ʲôᣬ֪˯
ͩһɽԻͷĽŰҶô⣬оøĽˣ͵һֻǸյʱôһ˿˿ǣѧϰǿĳɳΪؼСӤճʱҲʲôᣬʮܳˡ
ôһ˵Ҷˣ˵ͩһΪԼŪ˸
ôôܷŵˮɽԻͷһ裬ʱɸ֡
Ҫǿ϶ǽʳúź򣬾ԲϧûС
һʳԼѸٳɳֻҪŵѧˣСʱز۾Сɳȴ̶ɸ侲
Ҷȥһ٣еεͷ
ౣͩͷצӴǰһö͵ˮС
Ǹ¶ıŻССڵĿУһͳˡ
ҹҨһˮȣҲˡ
ǸΧ۵ʱͩȻе㲻ˣҾ˻ԣȻͩ͸һҶ˼֪ﲻԶ
û˵
֮ʳΪʳ̫ŲԵģǸԼһԣǰȻ̫һ
ٿͩ͸һˡ
ҼҲ˵ز˺ܶܲﳤôܲͩ͵ԺܲܳܲˡҶҲΣҸͩ˰죬ﲻǻб켦ͨļǶǲһġͩԼϲԼ弦
˵ĿڸģҲͩǰҶ˳һԡ
ָɽԻͷģҶˣĵҪʱһ¼ǼٵģزҲܸߡ
ʷһЩ¾͸йأɽԻͷ͸¶ġ
һΡһҹͷȵȣٵĶЩϵЩ߱ΪĽ̵ҪʱԼ
ҶãҪԼһʼô̵ͩһҲĻô
Щ±ζõ㡣ҶԹЩˣҲǰæһ˸һ±ζ
뿪ҶңɽԻͷͷ۵һҶֶʵĪ⡣
ĥ͸￴С磬֣½ɳĺܲǸӣƺ͸ҹȻǣȴġ
ĸ֮壬õŵ¡
Ժðɣ˵ƨ֣˵̶ɣǾԲܵġ
ǰҶʲôˣ
գɽ̲סʵ
⻰û˻شڰҶôͷϢͰǵһˡ
ǰʮСʱס⣬ƽʱĺûʲôѧԡѧһֱֵĶƽӹΪ̫ÿܶ˱׹ŮУĪľԵرá
ͥȷʵе⣬С󣬰׼˶԰ҶǺܺá
Ҷ֣ҲǸǶլӵŲҲ̵ţ̫ھԶҲֻܲ鵽һЩ¼ѡ
ϿҶûʲôرģҪϸϸڣȴֺÿطر
˶̬ȣΪʲôΨرִլҶ˵׼ҶϾϵͶϾϵû˿ĺԥ˶˽⡣
Ҫ˽Ҷģ֪ԹռˣȴҲñռԼıˡ
Ǹûܽ͵ˣǹŹֵܡ
ϵ̫࣬ڿϸڵʱ򣬾ÿһϸڶ⣬ƫƫŪҶһֻҪͻᱻס۾Ƶġ
ߵҲʮֹŹ֣Ⱥͣ׳ļȺ
槼ӰҶ֮ѧϰٶƺˡͻȻ˵
ɽԻͷȴͩӰߵļУ㲻ʲô槼սǿģ֪ɱɥʬΡ
϶䣬С粻槼ɱɥʬ 
ܿģҲ֪ǲΪ˵仰С羹Ȼɥʬ
СסĵطǺܰȫÿ°඼ر硢رʱ·϶ûˣ͵óţȻԴ槼֮ÿ춼槼
ôһ죬С糿ͣרŸ槼ʳӼȥϰ࣬ɥʬ
Lǵɥʬ˵ûУҲ࣬νİȫҲֻ˵ѡ
ʱСֱӶɥʬʳһЩ
槼һߣȥɥʬԿ˺򱬡
Сص칫¥ϰ࣬¶˵һ飬˿槼ĿּĽתͷҶߣȴû·õС
ϳ˷ҶȥժһСڴһֻһ߳Զ
ͩдҵҶˣҲȥԼֻʼ
RǾȻҲҪ֯ɱɥʬҶüRǵǲ̫˵㣿
ౣͩû̫
ĶɥʬֵԽԽˡҶпRʱѡɱɥʬǺʱֻ󣬿ΣջԽԽɡ
в˶ˣҸɥʬ˼
һɥʬܺ⣬ɥʬĿǰ˵Ҳ֣˵һ弶ɥʬɱҪҵͻƿڲС
ԭûɱɥʬڳֶɥʬ󲿷˶Ƕ㻹˵ɱˡ
Rǵ£ע˾Ȼкܶࡣ
RΪݵģɥʬҲ࣬ɥʬͳֻ֣һֱ֪ѡ
ɱһҪɱɥʬϣôҿRǵʵǰ첻ģһŻ
⣬ͼֵ
źɽҪˣԴʧȥֲ֮ټRǾȻҲҲڶֲҶͷгƨ֣Ȼֲʤֲ
϶ǰҶRǵֲLǰӰҶŪƨ֣ʵʲ£Ҫ
Ҷĳ˷׼ʳ￴RŪֱֻ
ҹҲһԣ§ոµܲȡֽ
ڰҶҹһʼţ𾪣ȷ˺þòȷҶ˵ģɽԻͷ˵ɣ޼֮ϧиǸмҶ
ֻаҶ֪ͩʵ߰ŪţÿοԲĸ˲ƵС飬еء


96 
ǰоԱרоֲϰԣһֲ̼ٶ౶֮󣬾ͻֲᷢѡйԴĵط죬ܿĵطƿʯͷ
ЩϰԶֲ˵Ҫһüȥʵ֣ǰ⼸¿ţɼӵʱ򣬾ͻᷢЩֲϰԸû
ౣͩצӣֻĻ
Ҷɫأˡ
RǲŵƵУһʼ˳Ժɽѡĵطɥʬر࣬ĻԽԽ࣬ɥʬҲžۼԽԽ࣬ҶһɥʬϵĶࡣ
ǵˣ䶯ĺɫıֲ˵ʱᶸȻ٣˵ѸѪĻܸܵеѪ̡
ը˵˷·жһ̱ܶ
ͷһʼûпϵĶȥʱǸ˶СһȦʧѪ࣬ǱҲܿȥˡ
ƶֲ֦£ֻҪܱ̺ܿĶؾ˿־ˣһûб˰æѲˣֱǱɥʬֲĴڡ
ֱƵֻСʱʱˣΪɥʬ̫࣬ΪͻȻģֵıֲԺɽʧ˲Сܡ
ֻйذҶҲŹ˳RԸʮʽҶ
RԽԽˡҶҲԴУҲҪͣʮƨԺɽҵҪʣƾʲôһֱҲţ
״̬ȥ˫ʱȻ󲨡
ܿ绰ʣҶ̫ߵˣкܶע㡣ξ̫ͷôҲһ£
ڴ绰֮ǰ˾Rǵ£ԭŸ磬ܹܲRǣԺͽˣȥ˵ġ
Ҷͳ嶯ˣʮƨֶڰҶ˵ܲʲô˿Ѿˣ϶ա
Ҷˣֱ˵ǹȫǴ֣ҵĸܣҪ㣬Χ˶пܳ㣬㻹᲻ôƽ͵ĸ˵
̲ס˵ҶôŹ֣Ըٻ˶û⣬ʲô
ҶȴϵҪŪ˱ֲԸңֱ혌أǾľ޵ˣΪʲôʲô¶˵أ㲻ìҪ޵ ûе֣ҿ϶ľ˵Բԣ
һ˵ƿԡ
Ҳ˵ȫ֣ǵȵȣͻȻԼû˵Щ
Ҷǲһûмĸ壬ֻһ˶ѡûǹٸʲôˣƶϣֽĲôԡ
û취ν塢ȥҪҶǿ󣬰ҶܻǵľԽԽԶ
λֶºһ㡣Ҳֻô˵
Ѿº͵ˡҪǿֱ̫࣬ȥRǣǸʲôźɽƾʲôһֱôҡҶֲָ˿ǣһᣬȫұȷʵֲұˣҲҪȷϾǵһ
ž˵ʹ֣ڸٸķˮģȴ磬׵׵װǼȻͲҪȥҪҶٸʲô塣
Ҳ˽û˽ףƾʲôҪҶ
̫ˣȺǲҲ´ȾˣҶƣ绰ǧ𪣬Թ¶
ǱǧƺܺãҲûҶ˵ҳƵ˵Ұ費֪Ҷ˵ʲô¾ͽ顣ôģ
ܾˣҶҲҶˣɵӣû˻顣
ûУҴӦˡǧܲԺ뿪ǧңǧǿҲܡǺˣȥף׼ҾûӣŻ˵ҼˡȻҶ͵͵ҵң˵Ȼϲһ𣬵лǿԵģϲңҲҵԸһᡣǲǺȤ
ҶһŷӦȷʵȤ
׼ȷʵʵҶʲôĿǰ˵ǰүеӣΪںԲŻλ Ҫûˣôǧ𪣬ǲ֪ξԼǧĻ֮ġ
ǼˣԶΨͼڲûˡҶЦǰǱߵʱΪ̫ƽӹֱ͸ء
ڿرڣһֱһӴءǧҶƻҴ㣬ûô˵ӣ㽻á
ΨͼҶ
ǧģҶȻɺܶ࣬Щ»ӶԴ ϶ǲһģ˵ԯޡ
Լ뷨ͩ˵˵ϣͩҲѧᡣ
ౣͩرĵͷ
ׯֳһҶܸмŪũûеҪȻȫֵĻ֪ɵ¡
ˣװҲڳ죬Ҷȫϸ
ϧŪũûеǴ͵ģֳѿǣвҲûôĵطǰԺطҲ󣬻ǵչ
µĺ˲٣ⶼʵģҶʱһЩ
Ե֥飬ҰӣҶӹ֥ѿһĸжڵϣĿŲ档
ѵȥҶеɻɴӣԱߣҲ濴ȥ
ǱǴڶԽԽ٣סˣҶ֪ļ˼ңؽŵ˼Ҷסֻ̫Σգ㲻ѡ
ʱ﹫ĴԽԽСڰҶûˡ
ֻԼҵСѧŴСϸ
ǰӰҶԼҴ󹫼飬ôĹ͵͵۲˼죬ִ󹫼û°
ԴԼ͵͵ռĳƨȫҶ֮󣬾кü춼ģһֱſ˯ǸóԳԸúȺȣθһ㶼ûӰ죬ʱˣܵſſ羰
ҶҲоֻҪԼҲ¾ˡ
ҪѿǣҪɹɣǻȥù㳡ءҶɴõ㶫ȥʱˣʡɻ֪ɵʲôʱ򡣡
ҹ˵ͷ
ֻϷϢҶһһ׺ͺգűҲ׼ˣʵĺֻǶ׼һЩհװ⸬һСһСرСôҲ⡣
Ӧȴر࣬ڴҶֲ֪ҲʼˣҪǲСϣҪ
LȻһֱڸ죬ЩطûаȫסЩطֲġ
ӦҲв٣ϾΨһܱȽϰȫĵõʳ;ˡ
Ҷų˹㳡ûͣأͿѹѹһȺˡ
˵ٸҪʼ֯޳ǽˣ
йʣ
ΣҲ࣬ϾҪֱӽӴб򾣡
˵ټȥı춯һǣģ


97 
ͩӳһ·񱼡
Ҷ⣬ڼµظɻڳԵģҪȻֻͰҹ˵ǳˣĻͼˣҲʲôϡģԸլڼֻ֪һС
ͩôڶʱڣûг Ȼġ
ֻĸҲҶ̫һֻǾúѡ
ϣͩǾԼҶ࣬ȻӲһӦҲţԿ㳡ôô֣ټûΣգҪҶȥˡ
ҹҲڳ˯˯˳ԵĽ׶ΣŵͲùˡ
ǰͩĴӷ϶ȥܵǰ棬ſ֡
Ⱥİ˼ӣüԱϷһЩӡֽûзַΧ۵ˣֻǸҿġ
º޸У˻Сͷͷš
ΪȡĸɻвͬĹ֣ÿĹҲһǿѯңˣɻ쿪ʼ쿪ʼʱҪм򵥵ԡ
ҲҪӵһһлᡣ
ҲһЩҪһĶʱÿ˶ܿҲع档
ſֻҪܸɻˣֻҪʣա
˵Χ˲ĸʡ
ʵ׶٣һٷ𣿡
ǲǳԵģֻҪԵģõľˡ
йĻôʣҲLڻôʡΪ˴ҵĹʰȫ͸¶һ¡
ౣͩҲź
ҶƹȻʳܶ࣬һⶫˣǾǳһһ㡣LҴ˿ΧģÿĽþһܾ˵ĿôʱڼûӣԣĿ϶ࡣ
ʳӲͨһֱãȫó
ȥΧݵСسǡСӵȵطеʳѼǵʵڵ졣
ϵһЩݣʲôٸʹ˳ʮĴȫõʲôģҶǲŵġ
˵ʮ꣬Ҳøˡ
ûвֻҪģԴĴڣҲĳԣ˵еоϲԭϵҰޣ˲ܿеֻʣ¹ͷ
ˣˣһ
ҿȸ͸¶ˣֻҪʵʵĻͻб춯ɳǣԴҼͰɡ
˭ҪǲչǾͱֹزˡ
һ˵ԭȺ侲
ͩԭؿһûʲôʵˣתӷ϶ȥܻҰҶ
ʳжҶʱҺˣʱҶڿƣ׼ɻˡ
Ҫѿǣɾ֮ǴˣȽ鷳һæС׾ͼ򵥶ˣҶıȽʱѾеˣֱӰ̯ϲɹɣˡ
ౣͩչһֹһ߱Ȼ
Ǳ߶ܴҶˣйй£ǸɻҶ
ౣͩȻ׳嵽ǰ棬ɱһֻĳӡ
תͩŰҶٶȻɵĺ档
ЪϢҶûֱܷ׵˵ˣɻҲܷǻһ㶫ԸԾͳԣԸԿšԽԽ٣󻹻٣ֵӦҲ֪ҾͲ˵ˡ
ÿ˶һ±һ
˶ûóԣ΢Ϣһ¼ɻ
ڰȫĵطɻгԵĸѵã˶ϧ
ֻһݺرõȲĲ𿪣̻ʵسˣ۾ʱʱؿҶĳӡ
ҹע⵽ˣЩǡ
Ҷ԰꣬ԼźۼĲӣ۲ˡ
ûãݺ̧ۿҶֺݣϵƤر࣬ձȥƤĺӡҶ֮ɻΪ˲һܾ˲ɻ֪ʲôǲϣҲ۲졣
ౣͩҲˣһһ߶ݺ￴
ܳݺȻӵϣ͵ҶʲôӸɲһˣ
첽߹˻ûӦʱ־ҪקҶ
ӰҶǶȣܿݺָĵƬ
ౣͩȻҲˣǳûйȥǻͷҶС
ҶҲ˾Υ˷ܣסͩͩ԰ꡣλֵܣʱȫԸģûǿɣLĹ㳡ٸ칫¥ǰ棬ЩҲڰ巿ǿɶء
ޣӲô࣬ǵˣһˣǺú̸̸ݺﲻҶ˵ ҪקҶ졣
ȵȣҶȻˣ֪˭ɣ
ݺܿٵתת֪
֪ͺáҶ˿Ȼ֪˭ҾͲѿˡһ۸ҵʱҶǿһ£ǾǾԲԹңҪģȻ˽ңǾͷİɣĲԹҡ
ʲôݺ￴߾ƵĿŰҶͷҷģԹ˰ɡһˣģҪ
ݺķˣҶϲ⣬֣ͩ
Ȼǵֶκð
ͩȥһڻǣݺϵ·ˣǰ壬һһצӣɾ䡣ҶҲûŹöҶƬ֣ԭز
ݺ໵һɤӣϣӴֱܷġ
˫Ŀ죬ƺǲŰҶֱ޳ֶΡ
ݺķӦҶһ㶣ʣף㲻֪ʲôôҵֶζ֪
ӰҶˣݺһʱҲû취ܡ
ֻµˣҶòΣԭɽԻͷУǸνΣòе̫ڿԴˣϲ
ȥƺֻϵСӳˡ
ӷԭפL棬ֻڳи´ԴӶɥʬͱֲģ֮СӳǾ𽥰ᵽL棬칫¥ǺԶ
ӰҶһ绰ȥǱСӳ̴Ӧˡ
СӳǸҶĽɲһˣ˵û߲嵶ʱ򣬵æʲôȴö˵˺ͰҶΪˣصضСӳϵŵ㡣
˵ҶרŸСӳһƨ֣Լ߲˵ȵȡ
ʮӣСӳżˣսʿǰҶġ
òŰҶ˵ЩƻսʿǷ׷׳ȥסݺص㿴˿˵Ĳλʱͬ˵ǲɵҶʲôˣǵ𣿡
սʿҲֱһ˵˰Ҷֵܰ
ָһȭݺԭҪȥˣʱȻѣٴβҽС
ɣǵҵ³ҶеС


98 
ЩѶģҶûȥ
ܸͩȤԼȥˡ
СӳԴͩݵΧѶֳ֮ͩҶϣʮֵ
ʿԣСӳĴָˣһˣ˹Ӷ㣬Lǣĵص㣬֪˵ֻϵ
ʱݺڹ㳡ϳ кܶ࣬ں˿֪ˣ˳Ѿ̫ܣеź
Ū֮ҶҲ͵ˣ֪ô¾СRôߵ˶ֲģҪһ˶ûҲҪˣ˵дء
ҶΪ뵽ܣҲˣֻû뵽Ļ˾Ȼ˸˽ѵǺ˽˲
ģLǵ˶Ǽϣ˻ϼӼӣԽԽٵġСӳҾʹˣͷܲʳʲô
ɣȱߣõ㶫ҶȻǰæȥһ±ζëСӳţȥԼ֡
࣬Ǹ⣬СӳǸˣҶҲˡ
¶Ŵҵ棬ҶĺܺãҲ㹻ɻ׺ʹ׶װװҶҲóָҡ
ź֣Ҷóһ⸬˵ԼģõǱ⣬ҪǾĻӦ֪ôġԼζͦóԵģÿһСҲûУðɡ
ϰ壬´ʱʲôʱ򣿡⸬ҲûԣԱʡ
ҲҶɴһһ»ǰǶעҾ֪ˡУǱ߲ǻڼйǿԹȥԡ
Ҳֻˡ
ҪûаҶߵĶԱȣ޽ǽȷʵǺ˵ĹʱЩ˵¶ǺܸߣҪΣգû˲Σա
չصҶؽܣͩں档
ԭӴԺٿ飬ذҶԼܵƣͨݺ֪˵˭
װ󲿷ݶһЩȴʮּ򵥣и˵ǺƫŵС֮һλãӦĿα߽߱ǽǵĿСȤšС֪ʶһĴڡ
ľӦԲ̰ɣ滹ҪһľȻĬҪõҪѰ֮صĶҶװ飬૵·еѰʲôûУ
ౣͩԱر𼤶ıȻ
Ҷˡ
ǰʱͩһֹΣСʲôòţͩצЩҲ㣬ԼצӾͺܷء
ʱͼͩԼһСֽݣͿɫھͰڰҶĴͷϡ
ͩˣҶ顣
뵽ݺԼľţҶ֣
ľûоԼҶҲϹЩľĶãԭµһЩľĳģžͲƽ
ܱôҶԼͦģҪȻҲᵮˣһľͷ˾⣬ľͷ
ͷһظľҶɵĺ𾢣ûע⵽ԼѪģŪľɫȾˣˮϴϴָ룬ҲǱѪȾ졣
ˣϴɾϴɾˡҶϣܳɹɡ滹Ҫ̶򵥡
ЩֲʶӦǰȷλģҶ˲飬ϵͼƬǿܿ
ЩŹֵ岻ױϣĳϵİ棬ִ岻ĿȻϱҶļ
֮ľ̴ԼƴСųģָţٻһξԼܵм䡣
֪ǲѪȾԵʣľ̿źһŹֵ·Ҷ˰Ҳûʲô
Сӳ绰ݺһƬ·
°ҶҲûСӳСӳ֮󣬿Ҷḷ̌ҲǾʮֹŹ֣뿴ʲôӦ
ͩҶ۾˼ſգȻ۾
ౣͩһڻǣݺ·ϵȼ
ϵĽͣǵðҶԼȼϣûô£ֻͩæͩܶ£ʲôʱ»ʲôʱ»
ȼյĻ䵽ľϣҶɴ۾ָ룬ͿָƺմȾһǣȴûȼգǿʼƶ
֪ǲǰҶĴľѪȾĺۼɫƺˡ
ߣҶ
˼ţгһ·ǰָٱ任򣬵ÿα仯򣬶Ǽֳ׵ġ
սһСҶ̧ͷһжʱЩȻ
¥£Ҷ¶ȷˡ߰ɡ
ٴλصҶŸСӳͣס壬ǴQģ֮ǰֻǲǲԼαûбķӳˣҶһʱûϣȻҴعԸԼǰҶɾͲܼˡ
ɣһȥ˵˵ЩæСӳɴ
ǰллˡҶ
ⲻʲôСӳ˰ֵ
СӳҶľϸطź Լĸãû뵽Լһξͳɹˣܺúܺá
ڶLǿҶ룬Ҳȥ֡
֮ǰ׼һЩ
ౣͩĶڴ̶ǰˡ
ϣͩҹ㣬·̶ɵʱ򣬾Ĳʲôȥժһ̶ܻҶ
һҶһС̶ɣһ
ౣͩæŵһߣŰҶˣȥ
ԭͳʵĴ̶ԭѾˣʱֲѾúܴһ˸ߣĹʵģܼ־֢˿϶ᷢ衣
˰Ҷ̶֦Ȼժ˼Ŵ̶ɡ
ⶫŸԶƵģҲǻǴ̣ȥģرQҪȷⶫóԣҶĺ볢
ɽԻͷĹżмأ˵Ǵ̶ɵĹʵĴ̶ɣɱȴʮ־޴ؾͻᱬը̷ޱȣˣǻ˾ûˡ
ֻر޴Ĵ̶ɣʵȻҲܴ
ʱҶժĴ̶ɺСȲԶ˶٣ųȥʵһ£ӳȥ֮һʱȷʵᱬըҪӵɥʬԴϣӦҲеЧ
Ѵ̶ժһЩڿУҶſ
ҹҲԹ̶ɣȥӲû˵ǸҶȥĸоͲһˣҶûá
ŶҶֱӿȥ˾L·Ρ
ǧǿĳêҲʱʶǧ𪡣ҶãǧǿôˣҪû磬ͰԼСˡ
Ƿ룬ǧͣǧǿԸҲã˵ûͦء
߸ɻ˵в٣ھȵȣɻ˸Ƕв١Ҷ˸ȫĵطͣڳԱ߿֡
ౣͩ棬Ҳſ֡
ҹҲţеؿ֡
ȹǼǣԡһ㲻ƼʵǸɲ˻ģҪұš
лҪ˵ԣˡ


99 
ϰ壬ͷɶģмСᣬһ߸Żһ߻֣ŰҶ￴֣Цغ
⼸Ȼ֪ϻȺͽɱɥʬҶ˲ͷҲɱ˺üɥʬͷЩͽܲ
զǽǽɶϵҼҿסLġҶٺЦʲôͷͷˣСı򾡣
Ƕ˺·ͷľ壬Ӧðȫ Сô˵ţȴǲҿҶˣרעĿΧǿɲҸԼСЦ
ұ̥ҧƣľʲô
ڸɻ˶࣬һбܺܿ췢̶֣һɴ䣬ɱȶԴɥʬ̬ǿˡ
ౣͩڰҶűߣǰɻ˿һȻһɤӡ
Ҷͷʣ˵ɶ
ౣͩצӱȻ
һצ࣬ڿžȻ۵ģצȻǿţ˵ĸоܰȫҶú棬ֵ¡
֪ˣ˵ɱĶ׼԰ɡҶͩͷ֪Լ˵ˣ̾˿ͩҪͨ˵ʵ޵ģĿǰ˵ʵǱͨǿģԿ׼ݵĶԸ򾣬ȴС
ʱ򿳵壬ͷûƻҧˣɥʬ࣬͵ȥƻͷտʼɱʱ򣬼һϣ嶼ˡ
ҲԹǣʵޣֻôԼ
ĿǰΪֹͩУҪôǲҪԸģҪôɽԻͷţˣĿжսЩ֪ڰҶҪ
ͩҲһܿеౣౣ
һ߽ţһצӣڵд˸qiangƴѧǧر˳۵ʣȻҶû̫ƴܿġ
˵ǧǿɣʶ˵УսġļжʰˣеģҲڻˡ ҶͩǧҪ磬ĻٲõûֻԺ󶼲ֻˡ
ౣͩʶӡ
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ҶСĵ㰡
Ҫֻע£еıֱӷעĻֱӷڰա
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һ߲һߺԼǰȫȫԶ ǰɻ˾ͲˣʱʱдССıɳ
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˿ʼֹǸӣǲˣҪܿ춯ĻӦû漣ˡ
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ⲻƭôҶü˼ǲ׼ˣ
ǵҲǣ춯ûеģ滹Ҫ˵ھļƻûءСҲûŰҶɶ˵ɶ
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˵ҶļǣˣҪǵİĵطʶİ˵Ļĥһʱ䣬ǧǿģֱĥʧܣԼ˳СܣȫҲ֤ˣе
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ҶָСӳ绰Сӳ˵һõġ
һȮЩٸĲˣϸ˵ߵˣʼʱͰоȮټˣ¹ܱûģܴɱ򾣬ײҲױҧ治ʧȮҲûг֡СӳҶҸ˵ʵɣǸ˶˽ģЩټı춯İ˵İĻҪûŵرѵĻһꡣ
Ҷ֪ǰȮϴӳþ͵ýѵȱҵ֮úܾòܷۣΪϸľȮ
ҲеľȮҲÿɳԭ
Ҷ̾˿Ҷ
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ҪüĴ󹫼Ļ
ˣҧڵϴ
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ûеģ¹Ϣ˵б춯¶档


100 
ؼҵ· Ҷпͩ㿴˼ңŪڹ֮ϣ˸мģ˭ǵð챻ҧأ
ౣͩ˼
ͩ˼ģҶæͩ㲻Ҫѧ˼ҰֻǸппǲȥŪİŪĶˣԼԺģһ﷭޶֪ȥޡ
ౣͩ˶ϵëëתʳԡ
صȫĵطҶ˸һɶûɻô̶ۣҲûҵóȥȥɡ㰾ˣеعϷŽȥˡ
˵ĻƹڳˣҶȥժ˼һʣµϴɾԣҲͩһ㣬Եĺܿġ
û˿ҶԼ̯⻹ǺܺõģϾʵģҶļǮǺܸߣһ㶼ǹҲС˵ˣҪǿʵѵģǮһ㶼һ㡣
Ҳ˹עҶ٣֪ôľ˵Lǽ˵¶
ҧȷȥǲ֪ٸΰ٣㲻㹤ʲôģҲûо˵ǡ
ʲôǻǹܺԼɡ
Ҫ컹׼ȥɻҪǳˣٸܰŰһҼ˾ͺˡ
ˣֲǹٸˣֻʱöǮͷûҲûˡҪǹٸʲôܣڹٸǸܰLǴİȫȫģǶõĸˡ
Ҷ˵пϣ͵˸ޣܿ澹Ȼһӣüͷһֶ˾Ȼڹٸġ
ϸһҶЩˡ
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ౣͩɻ
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ʱһӣȻЩ˿ܶͬһطͬʱֻԼ绰
ҶЩŭΪڲʮ𼱵飬ҲֲҪʮ𼱵飬ȫֱԼңûҪ绰ը
˵һֵ绰ըҪôгҪôƲ㣬ԾһȣҪ˾쵼ЩҲҸֵ绰ըɧţܾΪƨȥΪѡ
Ҷܲίеĵ绰붼˺ȻֻҰԭһЩֻҲˡ
Щֱˬ
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лǧҪʣǿҶֻ֣ѡ죬ҿ˵ˡ
ле㼵ʣҶµظɻƻǰװ۵ģƤʵ̫ˣһ۾Ҫʡ
ౣͩſ죬һǡ
СڿƮһʧвȰҶҶƬɵ󣬱ϾմϵĻȫ·ûˡ
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һɽԻͷĸһͷǿΣҲˡҶɫδ䣬Լ²⣬ЩֻúЦ
绰ȷʵ¡ɽԻͷڵ
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ʱСܹһ¡
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Ƕܷ֤ҶǶ˵ЦҾ֪ˣʲô¿˵ɡ
ֻǱ̬ԼȻһʱû֣ˣЩӦ֪ǻԼ³
׵ҲܣҶʱûңLǻͦõģڶûеĳԶԸԼȥRʡ
ְҶҶƬڳ˶˿ 
ɽԻͷ󣬴ʱ˵˵ټı춯ڻ̫ܳʦҵЩȴѵء
ϴһȥRǣɽԻͷ˶ҶļǣҪĥڣԼȥսʿǡ
֪ɽԻͷ˵ϴε¶Ҷֱӵϴε⡣սʿѵأҵļʲôҿȫġҸǹϵܺãҲֹһΣԲҪĥϡЩˣöΣ
ౣͩ˳ŰҶ·棬ϽС
Ҷͩ˼ģǵļǣǵǻᱻǶԸ
֪ΪʲôҶô˵Ҷûлɣáһۡ
ֻǼǰҶѻ˵ˣɽԻͷ˵˸ǽùأܱȱǿǵæвУ
ˣҶҲûʲôþܾģּۻһʹӦˡ
ųȥصԼС
Ҷ۾һɣϹȻԺ룬ƺû뵽ʱ̵Լߡ
ϹпշǵɡҶͩȥѡǼļгѧսġǽȥȻɱģҪǱ۸ˣһҪ֣ǲܳҲǲԴԴͲӣ
ౣͩͷһȥһʼ
Ҷȥ˺Ժֱӵ˼Աߣ󹫼˯
ڼ˯ǲǺû˼ҳȥզģǼҵĹһֱֻҪȥɻģͷнҪôǳƨ֣ҪôǴֺͣûܵõͩԽ̵զҶŴ󹫼˯Ժģæٽ㲻ϲôǱߵ˺ܶ࣬Ҫ˭Թܹǡ
󹫼ûɶӦҶ֪һƢǲܸʲô̫ϣԼСƢ
ֻҪ󹫼ûֱӾܾǾ͵ȴߣǰҶŴ󹫼ĳӺس
ǰԺͩѾŶӺãһ˫˫ڶۿŰҶֻһš
ӷŵ󹫼ͷ̫ûӣֱӵҶ㲻ʺ֪𣿳ѣҪɸɾģ
ౣͩҲŴС
ඣȥ׬ǮҡҶٺЦͩţѹҲҪ̫ҲµˣǮǼʶǣ
лҪ˵һˣġ


101 
ౣͩݵĴӳȫ£ÿһëţ
Ҳ£һжаҶǼʲôȱҶͩ˵ˣԼʮָУʲô¡
Ϊͩ⸻ʣҶ˸ӡ
ּررǼǰģʳԵʲôĶȱȦͲˣʳʵޣĻϣ̫ʺ˳ԡȫҶסڳԵʵ̫ˣҲûУԺ
ּ֪ͩġ
ؼңְæɻżϢʱܹͩȥĹ
Ȼʱֿͩ죬һһէģ϶֪ͩ٣ʱԱȶԱȣԸ˷ǳ̵ʶ
ʮͷУͩһͷ󹫼ҶɽԻͷ߹ָָ޴˵Ǳģ̵ıȽϺõģֻҲܱ֤°ǱϾǶڻܱˡ
Ҳ̣Ȳ˵ɽһͷëʰ쵣β𳤳ģͷһëźͷƵġ
˵ǼҲȷУģѾͨļкܴĲˣӸһ
̡Ҷ۵ûأǸͷ˵㡣ëҲҪСƣеצӷءǴôţ˵˵ɡ
ʱͩĴ·Ͼ˵˵ģ˵طͩ˽һ£ͷðš
ļȫԹԵſţһгŶӣͷһؿ˶ʮ𺳣оѾͨļˣѵصľȮɣ
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κеԥֱӰŲ𣿡
СɽԻͷҲıǿӲˡ
Ҷôͬųĸָı춯еҲмһЩ񡢶졢ȵȣһͷ鼦ſȥƢЩӡ
LǵĹģǺܴģҳôǱʱȽϸߵı춯ǰЩӦֻһ֣ҶҲܲˡ
ֻԼҼԱȶԱȣȷʵеѹβ̫ðҶȷʵ̫ӡ
ҸһγǽˣڿаҶЩɱΣһֻͩԣźðš
ͩţɽɻʡ
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ﰡȥͩɽٴĽˡ
ı춯ҲƢõ鼦ҲǱ춯ëڵȵȸӻһҶҵĴ󹫼һܣͬǻԡ
ӵĸǺܽŰҶֻ鼦Ƣܲãһʼһ𣬾Ե޹ʵ ƢöˣսҲ͵ġ
ɣ֪ˡҶͩ㵽Ϊֹ֪𣿡
ౣ̧ͩС˻ӣצ
鼦Ӵ򿪣ɱ¶͸һ˿ŭﲻͣŻ𣬳ͩȻͩĸͷСһ̣¶ë鼦ˣѾˣŹͩ
Ǳ߰ҶԵģҼͩб𣿡
鼦ˣȿܴܲùɡСţɽԻͷȴﶼû˵˵
Ҷ˵ʲôأǱ߾ʹһҽУ鼦ڵϣͩĲϣСͣ鼦Դ
仰û˵ Ǳ߷ֳʤˡ
ҶʱһĬؿͩɵĻ ڰҶǰתȦʾԼһ˶ûС
鼦е㻳ɼ޵֣ôһأ
Ļͳ߻еȴֵļУҶ鼦󺰡
ǳ鼦Լ֪Ҷ˼ȻǲˣҸղȻˣûܶˣѸ˹
Ӵ򿪣һͷҲų
δҶ˫Ϳ鼦ͼһ棬ʤ˳
ˣҴ֪ˡҶɣߵʮͷУֳɰ飬ÿͷǱߵı춯Ҳ飬ҵļкϲǴһаɣͷ󹫼Ƣ̫ãԸܹ̣ܽͽжҺͩѲߣҲܱһƬطڱĵطҾΪˡ
Ŀǰƺֻˡ
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󹫼һؿŰҶȻųˡ
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Ҷ·Լͩ˵Ļİ˵һμ棬һǿƵһѹסܾͻһֱѹƣЩܹɹģǳ֮
ͩʱȥĲɵģڸһ⸬ֱܶԽԽԡ
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ɻ˿춯۾һ
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ĸоֱȫбһɻЧʶ˲١
ҶгͩѲߡ
󹫼һʼԼ˸辶˯Լ̫ãǾ˼һֱɵɻҲûб춯ﱣˣڵ϶ żбѸײڶ֮ƣɱ򾡣
˿˶Ĵ󹫼ǰ˿ˮ
ʮɣëҲ̫ÿˣëóȥ˵޵ҲŰ
ҪôëԣҪǾ͡
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ų緹˹ʣ󹫼ſڵ˯ˡ
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߰Ҷóʳ˺ʵĲҶӣˮ裬ǳԡ
ǱʱɳѣǵãҪشС㰡ҶǿԷﱨнֵͦãҺ⡭
лҪ˵^^17һ£18һ£ ʱ䡣


102 
вһ ͩĻϲŰҶѧ
רŵĲȻǺޣŷǳ ÿιһʱ䣬÷ũҩɱ棬ôλΣ˵Ƚϰȫ
ҶҲŪˮͰ豸ʲôĶ˵ǴûˮԼڵĻ̫ʱû
ౣͩԭŷأȻɳѡ
˵طͩҿ˿ɳѺܿԶм˿ߣΪͩ⣬þͱȽϹ
ౣͩȥһƬҶȻŵɳУȦһԲԼȥ
Ļ濴ǿͩˣ㣬ͩҶչԱ߷źãƨƨߵܻצðҶŲ
ɾצӺͣͩżԶ
Ǳߵ˿һһ㶵ģڼҼһˮеĵطͣˮˣˮȥˮǱ죬ԳˮͰʲôģǰ衣
ܸоһûǸｲ⻹ƶءһӵ
ֵܣ㲻ɣп֪ͩжôˡ
զǲ˿ѵģ
Ȼǡ
ʵϰҶÿ̫¶ͩԼɾִͷСһƬҶܵסײʲô̫ˡ
ı춯ȻרŸֱҺȵȡ
ԷԭϢƬ̣Ҷسóƨ֣Ķͩά򣡡
ౣͩҶ϶ţĿ⾼ؿǰ
ǿƨ֣ƨƨߵܹŶӣǰļͣȴҶŲ𿪰װѳƨ
ͩŻ𿾹ĳƨ֣װ𿪵˲䣬һƮܿ챻ǳԵ
ı˲ðܶ࣬Ǳûˣֻ
Ǳ춯￴ǳԳƨ֣һž֪ǺöڵǱôŤͷԼ࣬ԼɽԻͷˣȻҲԡ
ɽԻͷһߣߵĳƨ̫٣ģҲҪж٣ǰҶôడ
˵ЩĻ춯϶ֻ֪ԼûԵƨ֣ҶǱߵļǶԵˣ㹻۶ˡ
ȣǺúñ֣δûнȥɡɽԻͷ
Լȷʵûгƨֳԣ춯ҲֻתɻǻûԵģһ㻹֪ġ
ʱҶԼѴ󹫼ˣǸæһƨ֣ȥ󹫼Ǳ߿
ڴ󹫼ԼѡıȽƫƧĽ䣬ҶǺܷĵģһս㹻ҹط־ԣ󹫼ʡ
һǱ ҶǵԼ󹫼ŵļ˿żݺӣһͲʲôš
Լˣʱû̫æˣ¶ˡ
׷ԲȥĶˣҶȥһû󹫼Ҳûˣʱһ㶡
ߺƫƧһLǣһ߾ǻû֣ǱȽΣյĵطһ˶ԸʱûˣҶпһ¡
ڴҶ˷¿ˣﻹû˵Ļ
໣Ȼ󹫼໵һɤӡ
Ҷ̧ȣͿ󹫼ųɳҵطɣٶȻͦźǱ۸Ƶġ
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໣󹫼䵽ϵʱһģҲе㲻ˣڵϰ
Ҷһʱŭˣ󺰵ͩˣ
ౣͩĴĹŰҶһ֡
С֣ðر࣬ûܿģͩˣҶҶƬͣس֣ˡ
˵ùأ˺ԼҼ⵽˭ĿŵĻ˹أҪöԷ˹صζ˭ԸµĹأ
ͩҼסҶ䵭֪ǶĹػҪƻأǾҪóֶΣһŭĿһ˵أǽ͸ŭһŭ
ౣͩˡ
һڻǣ˲Լ¶ȼͮͮСһǰΪͩ˵ˣҪȥһŭ
Ҷһ׷׼֣ǰһĻǿˡ
ͩûô࣬ȷЩ˾ǻ˹صģʱȥһ·ȫյϣϵĻʧ˲צӺͣ˳ë
ȡҶǰһЦǵǻѡطСطˮ࣬ȽϰȫΡвԽл-ɣ
˿ҶˣֱҪˡ
ûʼ˵󹫼ֵͷ˻ڰҶǰ໽Уһ߸ֱȻ
Ŵ󹫼˰죬һȻ죬Ҷĳɣ֪Ҹ״˵۸㣬ȻʲôҸǳûĻĿҪͩͿʼдֽˣ׼عǵĶΪ
Բȥǿѧϰɣôĸѧ᲻ǣҶĴ󹫼Դ
ౣͩצӣڵд˸ƴshuang
һŭȻˬֻͩû¶ر泩
ߵǰ濴˿ЩˣҶ̲סҡͷ
Ҳ̫ˣô֮ǰͲҼҼʵأҰѵǹ𣿵ȻǰҶһ˵һҡͷ棬ͦذ
ڵϵл˵ʱ󺰵Ƕˣ̫ˣ
Ͳ˰ҶȻ
ҭһ£ϵֻúһѪɣ
һʼǳŰδ󹫼ë˺ü¶û󿴵󹫼ſڵϸɴѴ󹫼Һõĵط
˲𣬾ͲˣʱţǲҵˮͰѼ֮ǰȵðѼɱƶʲôġ
ĿǰΪֹأ˵˳
иùЦû뵽켦ôɵǽ׬ˣΪ㰡ͷɻЩҪǾ˵Լˣû
ⲻ컹б춯ɹ
һȺ˴̣Ѵ󹫼ɱˣһû˷ϣȻ󹫼ȴͻȻצӸƬƵģץϾǿֲ˿ڡ
Ҵ󹫼𣬻Ҳ̫ˡ
󼸸˶򵹣ڵϵ·Ȼź𣬵ʵ˿ںܶࡣΪ󹫼Ҫɱ˵ʱͻȻ󹫼ųһܳȥֱҡҡλΡ
ʵ󹫼ݼš
˭ģҶϾʡ
ౣͩСһԲ
Ҷˣ͵ڳǣҪǲԸ˵÷
ౣͩͷ
ûǡͷ̫ˣҲֻ취ȥҪǻ㣬ҲôڼҼһĴˣܵİ취Ҫٹһ꣬ӶʳҲԼ


103 
ͩסԺҪǲС飬һҪ¸ҳϣߣ˵ĻԼ֪˼ҶûĳĽͩ
ͩ⼸ੲݵңȻתҶУౣ
ΪˣͩצӣصذԼǰŪƽƽģд˸ƴ
Ҷ۾˰죬ǿˣӶʳǸ˼Ƚϸӣй࣬ͩӦòסԺ˵ֻҪ֪Ǻܲõĳˡ
֮ĵ±׼Ƚر𣬶˶Լе˻ëСлڷУûƿ֮ǰֱӸųˡ
ͩϸ˵㲻ϼУָƿǵСƼ࣬رϲԼ弦һٷܳԺܶ࣬ҶӦġ
ౣͩͷʾԼˡ
ǿɲҪҿñ˹ĲˣΪĸңҲǲҡҶĨ˰ǿǿǶǰ˵˵ģǲܺҡһ飬˭˵ĻҪˣ
ָſָһööҶƬ̴̵һƬƬ
˶ʱһʹǸʹˣ·궼űüʹ۾̫ҿҶ
и¸ҵĺӴ󺰣㳤ģģû뵽Ȼֶôɣ
⻰ҿɲǶ֮ǰ֪˵˲ܺҡҶصǿһ飬˵ʲôǱµ
ץҶѱƵģʲô㲻㣬ǰû˵
ȣҶŷӦԼˣЩ˶ȣʱûһǲԹԼ
ҪʱҶΪ󹫼۸ˣʮ𼱣û˵ʱôһ˵еˡ
ԼʮֹŹ֣ҶѹԼÿζ֮ǰܶԷʲôˣһҪصǿһ飬öԷԹԼϾֻҪԼһ֣ԼͻẦ¡
ȣǺҰɣ˵ǲ˵˵ĻҪˡҶܸɴ˵ʵģΪˮؾ;԰ȫڱ򾶼ܵʱҧǾͲ˵ˣһôʵ۾
ౣ̧ͩצԼ۾Ȼգգۣһ۾ӡ
ɵƯҶĴָ
˶û˵ҶĹٸǱ˷֣ǲͷƲԳԷƣҶˣ
һֻ֣һǸ˵ġ
ݰͰ͵ĺϺƵģܷܵڵϹȥ
ҶһԭӦ˵ģԼ֮ʹ˵ˣǰҶֻŤͷˣҲһ𣿡
Rǵˣźɽǵϴ֪ɣ˺
źɽģҶʡ
ԣLȽŸ˳һõйذҶĵһϡ
˵һ˿˵ʣµĶȿֺĿ˿ڣûʲôģȱɹ̽·ݾͲ̫ҪʱҲܿ졣
Щ˵ҶЩŹ֣˵ҪҶĵһϣ֪Ҷ˭𣿡
֪Ϻܻ𡣡
и켦У¶ƵǺܶ࣬Ǹ缸о˺ܾãðҶӦǲĸˡ
֪˭𣿡Ҷû⣬ԼʵȻǿģΪܹŹ֣ҲǸ˰ɡ
˭֪иֱ׳ǰҶСܣҪȷ𣿡
ǶRײආƽʱźɽߵСܶӴ˵źɽˣҲȻΪҶҲˣߵСӦֻ಻١
ϾҶͷгƨ֣иׯڣ˵RǶֲʵҲƸУҪûСܲ֡
⼸˶˵ֱ׳ҶҲΪʲôԼˣǾԼҲСܣԲŲϡ
ô˵ءҶ֪Ķʳˣóֻ´绰˵绰Ҷʲô˶֪͸Rǲûˣ
ߣ϶ҶǰҶСܣЩȻʧˣǲӡ
ҶҲøǼƽϣԱߵš
ͩһֱԱʱû˵ˣͳ嵽ǰ棬һ˿
˱ͩĺڶ۶Щţɱְǵʱ֪һֱû㣡
ϵͩͺϵɽ𺣶ϣִһˣ϶ʰһ
Щ˻֪֮Ҷ֣ͩ󹫼ʵŴץ˴󹫼˳̽̽Ҷ
ɶû̽Ǵ󹫼ֱӰۣ̫Ϸˡ
һ˵ˣǰҶĵ绰ûҵ飬ˣˮصĳĺǣ֪˫ˡ
طأҵϵкüҶ֮ǰһֱûʲô£¾֪϶Щ˰Ҷ
ǴȥúʣӦоϲҶѵ
¼Цɣ֪ˡٶĻȴȫҶ˵ˣֱӴתߡ
ûʰЩˣҲҵı̧ȥøɻ˿ˣʲô˵ʲôĶС
ҶЩ˾Ͷ֪˳ͻЩ˵Ĳ״ʶľͻðҶе֡
˾û֮ǰܻı߿ȥȽͻͬıߡ
˵·ϿݵƤͷëҪˣȫƤĿ˹͹ˮǿ׳Ĵ󹷡Ҫ˫˳ͻһ˶ͬ˹
Щ˵лҶûô⡣
ϲô˵ʵҾͩ˵ԼʲôУȫѹЩֻҪҪʺͳƨ־ͲҸԼ֣涼˵ñ˵
ȻҶ͵ȥϢͩ˯žܳȥ֪ôľǡЩ˵л
ûֳʵ̫ˡ
꣬ҿˡʱ˶ѪƤ˵ӲˣõĻָֻܻ̫ܵˡ
̫ˣҶ࣬㵽Ϊֹô
Ҳôã¹ʲôìܣôذɡʵڲлֱع⣬ȥƲǣֻҪĻĻ
˵嶶˶ƺ뵽Լ˰ҶҲôԴǿ϶ܲҺܲҵġ
ͩ˸֦ſţҶԼ͵źڶЩ˵
ǲǾøɻɣұˣͻȻи˵Ļ粻̫һҿɸ˵ˣ߰æı춯ͷԵļоǰҶġ
ļȷʵƯûзϰ
ֶҲȷʵܲ̾ˡ
٣ǾôˡǵҶסˣͷðҶǼСȻ˼Ҳ̣ǾͰ̬ȰڳԺҶκκ˵˻˻ֻٺЦôңҲɻģʣǱˣæҪ
ߴߴԶһͷԲİӷɿı


104 
ʣϣȣ
ӳצһץץһ򾣬˲󿴵ָȺ˵лˣеԥûеһʱȥ
ú˵ְҪͶ㣡ǱߵһôϬʱˣһĶŲӿʼв
һŤͷȥ˵̬࣬õһţһܻűߣ˳ɱһ򾡣
ߵı춯оаҶͷӣʱɢеĳצ
Щ춯ôǣµ׵ĺӱһţſȻûѪʵ̫ˣоͷŶƵġ
Щ춯ɱ򾶼ǰҶļУսǿ򵥵˻
ǣҼҶʸʶʾǴгģǰֵܽţڵȻŶˡ
Ҳţѣܡ˵ţĻȴζû˵
ΪͷпȥһͷȻܹȥŶʽ˼ҲŻӦ˫ͣĽţܿڽ
֮ԼصĹͨʽ۷䶼ͨͨأ˵Щ˵ĶֻŶԡ
֮ͷתû̫ʲô
ôҲڰҶгѲߣպߵߣͣˡ
ʼְ֧Ҷģʱһʶ԰Ҷ˵ǳҪãҪȻ϶ܵӰ졣
ʱѡߵĶʣҲǾͩѡģʱų˺ܶ࣬ëëУģеŹ֡
ౣͩгŶʽһ
Ǳ߶ʻӦǶűû߹ʱŸߣܿʺܸˡ
ߴߴԶͷʴкļпͩˣе㼤ĳͩУצӺͳȻ
αͩѡļУǼǲ֣ͩĽ̵£֪ܶࡣ
ҶͩͼѧϰֻȻǵ̻̫ѧϰĻֻͩգóͩû
ౣͩҲצӺСȻ
ʱͩԭģ¶ëļиͷѾúܴˣϻ˴ëűͩܶ࣬ȴ׵ؿе̬ȣͩǾηġ
Ҷû˵Ҳذ
һֽͩ˻С򣬼תȥˡͩͷ룬̧צڵд˸ƴnaoshi 
£˭Ҷһ۾Ϳףæͩ
ͷȺˣͩ׼ȷСָһˡ
˵ɣ׷ʲô£Ҷص֮ѲߣҪµġǼϰҪǶ˺ǿɾͲˡ
ŰҶǣҲû˵Ա߿ţֻ֪࣬¼°Ҷ֪ࡣ
ڳ˶û뵽ЩôǲԼ֮佻ͩؼͩǻĻܸҶ
ʱٿЩУܷһЩ֮ǰûע⵽Сϸڡ
ϸĻЩеëܱɫеצʮַеС͸һŽЩģѸͨļвһˣ˵ЩӦòǼˣµֲŶԡ
Ϊʲô֮ǰûע⵽أ
Ϊ֮ǰ˶ЩɱѣʲôöûУûֵġ
ЩһⲻģʵС˼ܶġ֮ǰҶǣܷʲô¶ֱӶ֣һҪȵ֮پ֡ңҪˡҶ°͵أȽϺõˡ
˵ˣȻûѵĿܣ˸ɴ๣Ųӵͻֶộ˽˵ôˣѵ㻹ŪʲôǶɣ
ǵˣҲôְֶ̫̣Ժ˭Ҹ򽻵
ҿRǱߵҲˡ
Խ˵Խֱ׳ԼһûУ˵Ҳŵͷ˵ȫǶԵƵġ
Ҷû˵˼
֮԰ڳ̬ΪԼߵĵλһЩǿʶĵҪͬ飬Ҳǻ᲻ȥƫһ
ûǷǶԴ£ƫߣҶȻȷȴ巢չΪʲô
ںԼǿߣŲӰͷҪߣǸоرˬˡ
ǵԼȫƾԾҪǱ˱㣬Ǿͱζˡ
ͩҪסԺҪĻͺúҽôġҶԺֻԽԽǿЩߣȴԭ̤ҪǿʶôӦôأ
ౣͩצӣһץһʯͷ
ֱӶֿ϶УȽͩúšҶ
ǰһŶȫʶˣҶ΢΢һЦɣҲ㽲ЩҪҵļҪҵϢȥˣǵݶRǵˡRʲôҪǲ֪Ļ飬ָ飬Ҫûֻھܸ顣
ҵҵŵϣʲôģҪ˸߿˳ԣĸϢᱻȥRǡɣֻҪ㲻ԹңǽҾͲУҴԺ㶼Ϲһ磬Σ
ŵϣ۲ģָ㽭ɽѹ˵ˣҲ˼ԼҪģԼаëǮϵ
ҪǷŵԼϡ
㲻λ˼ʵʵİ㻻λҶ²źɽͦҵģҲϲ͹ȥӦûܸ˰ɡ
Rڷͷʢˣʼƴϴףҵļô׵ʧ˶ǵãR֮ݣΪĴˣһѹƸһϱˡ
ҡҸ㲻һûô͡
ҶŤͷͩɣԼֱ׳ˡԽǿˣξԽ󣬵ԼģǱǿӣͩҪ¹ڻԺ󣬶ûǸʸǿʲô˸ôͿƾ飬ȥá
ౣͩץǦͷȥöԷǩ
ǺǩҶҪģԺ͵ˡ
ͩʰúҶŸ˵þòӦòȱôɻ
٣ҾǴŶʳɢģ˳ɵЦǣ£
֪ԷĹԼҶЦʲôµģҵ˶ȥˣвҵ˶ץȥRǻءҲںһģҪǾԼ¿ԣ
ǵǡҲͨˡ
ЩˣƹˤƴҶСǳгرȻ˰⻰˰Ҷ


105 
ȷʵһг𵱳ͱˣҪû϶ԷʵǿҶر̹ȻʵֻҪҶĹؾͺˣҪҽ𰡣
ںĺܳһʱУҶ϶ЩǩǳгرСǼƽϣţرţ۱⻹Сǳǳ𣬾Ȼкǿ
ڵһ˵Ҷ˵ģǰıǩݵһһ㶵ģͺġǿ֣ºܶûҶ֮ǰѹѹҶСǼˡ
ౣͩȻܵԶ
ǱһͷԶԶͩٵĽлһ
ͩͷֱػŰҶٵĽһצץŰҶ·̧Сָһ
ǱߵļͷҶߣǰܡ
˿ͷʣǸȥӦǷˡ
ϣԵеˣҲȥֵģ֪ͩ׽ҲԼݲһˣȶС
ܿóкͩżҶӿ˽ŲǰļлͷһҲӿٶȣų򣬶Ҫˡ
ǰһΣҶǱһܴĿյأúԶĵطΧˣɽԻͷ˶ˣıȽϿǰһ㡣
Ҷֺ˵Ż龪֡
Ҷȿ춯ϸջһͷԼͷڣȻеܵţֻҪžͦõġ
ʲôˣҶֱȥǱɽԻͷ
ҲǸչɽԻͷ˵Ǳߵзһֱ۴ֵı򾣬ȷ
𣿡Ҷʡ
ɽԻͷɫòÿˣ˵˼һǶϵûˡҸոҪǶٶ죬ʤڻûӳЩӶ
ܿмδ˱й˵¶
һʼططһһȺԱ߸ɻżбҲòŵģб춯æ
L棬ǻһЩɥʬεֻҪǶɥʬųͷǣɶĶɱɥʬɥʬٶô죬ôΣˡ
һжúõģֱʱ򣬺Ȼʲô˻еֱ۴ֵı򾣬˲ˣҧһ˵ȣϵС
ܿ˴ŵҪȥ򾾹ȻֵٶޱȣֱŻˡ
Ǳ豸ͷȿû뵽ٶô죬Ҳ̫Σˡ
Ҷȴ뵽Լҳƨֳʱеı򾶼ܷǲʲôֲ
ӦǵġɽԻͷĻǺ£ô򾲻ôࡣ豸ٿɡ
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻҶסҪȥͩ
ͷȫݣֱ۴֣ͩôģ»һ̵أҶɲͩȥðա
ܿ죬˿װ͵װ˫£ȫС
ϵСտžͱ浯ıһҧ飬ֻϷɵĳɹĵ棬ŷ˻
ҶչȥͿеӲ֪ʲôʱһڵĶڣӦǱ򾣬ֻûĵҲͲ֪ӡ
һͱ˹ȥˡ
ȻȺ˵ñ춯ȥԣ
⻰˵˶ͣб򾣬ΪʲôҪȥأ
ɽԻͷҲͬûðҶǴӱ춯ѡһֻÿӶ춯ҲɵӣϹȥڵһ
ȥɡҶ̾˿
ౣܻͩؽһ
Сģоͻᰲ˹ɽԻͷʱáܽǶ
ҶͷȻ֪㡣
ԭֻ֣͵ΣУͩסˣһŤһŤģȻȥ
ͩԼȥðգҶҲñֻͩԼȥ
Ҳûʲô׼Ҷͩϣôһһ߹ȥ˶ţŰҶȥΣյĵطȴ˰ȫĴ󷽡
жһְҶ𽥱øߴһȥĴ
ϣҪ¡Ҫˣ󡭡
ͩĲ£ûʲôΣգ뿪ȺȽԶˣҶŵͷɣпҿ羰ͩ
ҪΣվԲıֻ֣Ҷȷϡ
ౣͩĴӦ
ˣҶҲûзɣҪԱ߱ͩͩƽʱʱʱ̱̿Լһ
˿ӶԱߣҶűð
ܿ죬͸оǰһҰ˲ֱ۴ֵı򾣬ȵкüף¶ͷȫͣû٣ȫݣžͷƤ顣
ŵͳŰҶϮʶ˦еҶƬ
ʱͩһȥ˲䣬¶ðŻ棬һСһ˲䵯ϣצֱ
ŴҪͷҧֺͩ»棬ʱһؿӶ
ҶæǰһȥͿͩ˶ıһۻƵС㣬ڱϵƵġ
ౣͩϵĻͻȻϵĻȫʧԼһԡ
룬ԻŤͩȥһצӲڱͷϣ˲ӣѽ˽ȥ
ű򾲻ˣҲֻǼӵĹѣҶʱŸոջӶ£ڱûͷŤ嵹ûʲôµģһţǸڶ
ɵƯҶȥǱʲô
ҶҳֵͲڶ棬ܹ⻬иطȽԣһֲǱ³İεƵġ
ʵȻµĲ࣬ͷ֮ˣΪɳֲ
ֻϧֲûˣҶֵͲͷۻŤıʬ塣
ౣͩߵǰ棬צڵϻ˸Ȧ
һҶͷ
ڻ֪ͩʵͩɱģֻҪоʬܿҶʱ̫ǿȥʬ壬оʵ̫ˡ
ﻹŴ̶ɣҶóQQģӳȥ֮󣬴̶ɹʬԱߣըǿʬѪģ
ౣͩŰҶһʱպƵİѴ̶߹ȥըһΡ
˰˸̶ɣҶصذѱͷըһ飬žòˡ
ߣȥҶ
ౣͩĵҶ϶š
˿Ӷ棬ҶΧûˣȻǶԼӦɱ˱򾣬ԲŲҿʱȻȫˣ˶ɴ۾Ĳš
ɽԻͷûҹȥֱԣ˸ǲҿǰҶȥˣƽˡ


106 
أô¡ҶǿԹ̶ɣĺܹáأ뿪֮󣬾ͲôQˣ֡
ౣͩҲýһ̶ɣưȥ̶ܿģһвûС
ȥ˿ӶǱһͱѪģģʱ˰Ҷ˵ǣٻһ˵֪ûΣˣ׷׿ȥΧۡ
вֻգִϡ
ԴRֱ¼֮LǾرעֲڳ϶ûֲĴˣ֮һĵطˮาǣ˵Ƚϰȫ
춯ѾһܹˣɥʬɥʬֻҪ뿪Lǣͺټʱı򾣬˸ѣⶫҲڽԽԽΣա
Ǵ̶ȻҶ˵ˣֳйԱѣܷϣУRǵ֪ˣ֪ʲôӦ
̶ɾȻܹɱôı򾣬ںܶ˵ջ󶼺ܴ󣬴ʮһµİϢ
ͩĴ̶ɸǿҶҰĸ㡣
ౣ̶ͩɣ͵ɽԻͷǰ棬תܻҶԭŵġ
ⶫ˵Ҳֻ֣Ҫ뿪ҶߣӲģԭ̾͸һһʮּ۶̫
ɽҪô̶ɣɽԻͷȻס֣ø
ܿ͹ӣɽӹӼд̶ɣⶫֱˣҲ㡣
֮͵ӳȥǾò˾ӳȥɡҶѣⶫӦܱ棬ұȽ⣬ͷУһҲû£ʡҪҸֲܵԣ
ɽҶ˵ͰѴ̶ɺһ˳ȥ
ǵطտһСӣ̶ӽȥһ£ؿ˲䱬ըԭСֱһ
Ҹֲܵ˹ɽԻͷ
ҶԱ߿ţǻ۵ֻԴ̶һ֪⣬ǴһŬСĲˡ
̶ⶫͺûʶƢر𲻺õĴڣþֲܵ˲ͣĴ߷ܣ̶ɲֲܱըò˼Ӿ͵ñը
ֻȴҲ⣬̶֮ԱըΪһɱըҪס͵ӵֲܵ
ҶԼʮرټϴ̶Ƚ϶أ̶ɾ͸ƤƵģ̻䣬رֲܵҲֻô̶ɲըӲĲС
иֲܱ˶һЩԣô̶ɲˡ
òԣʵڲøСɽԻͷʮ侲ԸȥܿʵĶ
ҲУпԡ
ౣͩڴ̶ϣѴ̶ɶѹˣСָУ۾ıȻ
ҶУܹģ𡣡
ౣֿͩʼȻӴ̶Ѵ̶ɶͷϣڳצڵд˼֡
ȷʵûʲôõģǲҪǸҶͩԴȻܶ£֪Լ𣬾ͲҪˡ
ǱߺܿһЩˣɻ˸оΡµˣɽԻͷˣһ˵ʲôòŹҰҶ˵
ʱһСӳʹžװźӡ
кôһ𣬿ɲܳԶʳӴΣļָɽԻͷ˵˼䡣
εɫܲÿɽԻͷҲ鵭ģ˶ˣǵȻ֮ܳǰǿû֪ͨǱߣǲ֪ô֪ˡ
СӳҶСӳ Ǳоֲܵ𣿹̶ɣɺˡ
٣ȻУСӳŰҶЦ£˸㶮Ҷ˶ۣһӽ˹
Ȼû˵ףεȴˣԭȻǷϢˣҶȴ˽¸СӳϢ
Сӳ쵼Ͼֲܵ˾ˣʱ
Щֲܵģƽʱͨ˶һҲǸСӳЩͨƽʱһԽĺüǰҶ棬ȥɹԹʱһİжûС
ͩҪ̫ԶҶȻ
ô̶ɵߣؼⶫڳ˶֪ͱ򾶼ɱԱ˿ͩԶԶ˿
ౣͩʾԼ֪ˡ
Ҷó̶ɸЩˣע߷ܣܰɣܴ߷òҪ̶ֹͣɻᱬըһӦһ£ҹôһ̶ɡ
ǣ˾˵ˣⶫȳƨֲСӳģ϶ܵ͵ļǮ
ǵȻҵģ϶˵㡣Ҷܵ
սʿһȫɹܸˡ
Ǿֲܵ˶ȽϿƣΪ߷ֲٶȲǺܿ죬սû߶٣Ŀǰ˵ȽϼߣҪ˴̶ɾͲһˡ
ǶðҶΪҶҲֲܣȴûе֡
ΪСӳ˾ļ룬ЩһһҰҶ
ɽԻͷûͷһЦݵǰ ˫ץŰҶգǸˣȻǰ;
Ҫǻˣ¹Լô룬϶ÿһ¡
Ҷ뵽µɣôʱԼҪǫˣǰЦ˿϶˳ŸǰҶû˵
ͷʲôʱпգһԸ΢ɼĶ˶٣ЦǺǵأ̶أˡⶫҲΣգǲǱܡȻҲ㣬ʱҪʲôᡣϻжٴ̶ɣùɡЩҲҪⶫҪͨҲŴ̶ɣǶһ
ѾרſȥԹ̶ܹըɥʬԴɥʬ˲ɥʬҲɱ
˵ÿһ仰ܶԣҲ˰Ҷŵ
Ҷû˵Ҳ΢Ц˿ɽԻͷֿСӳ˾Σ˵ɫܲÿ
˵Ư˼ͲôƯˣ޷װǣðҶװ׵İѶóѡ
˸һϲ£°ҶʱҪɵ˳Ļ˵ԺͿ϶ԼģȫǶԷġ
ܵ˲Żıȥ̹ͣҶϡ
ⲻǷҶſھ͸ǰ˵ĻλҲҳŵԺܴҲԺСȫȨ̶ɣȴûôȨҲҪҶȦӡһ̶ɣǸʣһͷΣ¾ͰӦˣ
ǧҪҵɵӣȻóƨˣҲΪ㣬㹱סҶЦԸҪú˵Ͼڴ̶ɵȨұ󡣡
˵ĺֱף̫ܲҲԲԼʹˡ
֪ͩʲôʱˣԴ϶Ŵ̶ɣ̧ͷΡ
ౣ


107 
̶ͩǵġҶһ࣬ҰѶóԼԸ⣬ұҲӦøмңݹӦҵġͩ˵ǲǣ
ౣͩͷ
ܺ⣬һܲһӣһһݹ͡
е̫ܣҵݹͣԾ취ŤʵҪ͡ҶܲõǲˣͷСҵֲܵˣ̶ֱ̯ɣ׬ٶ⣡
ౣֵͩͷ
صУļˮϴ˷棬Ͱҹһˣ˼ɰϣһɣ׼˯ˡ
ͩ϶ŰҶĲһȻת˴
ֻڳ磬ͩͷ۰Ҷȷ˯ˣŰֻ˿٣˵Դſڽֻ
ͱ򾱻ҶͩɱܿƬȻǺȴѣʵǰҶ˶̫һɸɾģеݣģÿ
ౣͩƬһ̧צӵ˵㡣
ҶֻҲԱ߳磬ȻĻ۳žҪͩצӵ˵㣬õ㵽˽
һΪֱĲӵ绰ˡǱСӳ̾˿˾˵ˣǼԼţк֧֣ܶҲû취ǿƿֱӽףͷֱ˵Ǯ׼˾͹ȥ׼Ѷŵ̯ϣǲͬ⣬ⶫ̫ΣգҪŶԸô죬ʱΡ
Сӳ߶߶˵˺ܶ࣬ʵǱǸҲɼʲô㶼֧㡣
ౣͩצӣҶ˵绰
ȵڶҶͨ¼ٰѵ绰ȥСӳ˵һ֮ĬһЦû£Ҫ˵Ļҿ϶Ѿöˡ̶ɲóȥ乫ҵ˽˲Ʋ
νף߶Ը⡣Сӳ
ȵȵȿɣģҿ϶ȸǽ׵ġҶ˵ţ˵绰
˵绰Ҷ룬ָǧ绰
ҼҳԷ£ٶмˣǾһۡҶЦ
ɣšǧҲû
֡ˣЩǸҶҰҶƷƢҲܺϵˣʱһ绰ȥûвԸġ
ֻǴLǳߺܳһ·ܵ͵ÿװ
ǧLǽǣһ鿪ڣҶͩȥˡ
߲˳ïʢƹǰһ컹СָͷƵģڶܿһȦСͮͮĹҶ棬ǳģҪľ֧
콷ϸϸģʽͷر󣬲˽ͷ󣬹Ҷ档
жǡܿӵȵ߲ˣССԺӼġ
żܿȥļǣеĲҶӺ濴ԺͻȻֵˣȷû֮󣬲ŻǺ£˼ǽ
Ҷȥժ˸СͩҲܽȥԼһ˳۵ģԴܳ׼Ҹطԡ
ʲôժµı򾣬мֵ࿴ܡҶܵȻȥأŪ㶫ԡӣӦóòˣһס
ҲûеժСԣеժ˴еժཷ˿ڣȴǲá
ⶼάذЩܲˡֱֿӯҶҲˡ
ǧûǰߵҶߣЦҴLǽиСĹ԰ʲôУҪҪȥһЩ
¶ءɶȱȴˮҶȥذɣʲôǾŪʲô
ǰԺȥأ͵þԺ̶ɴʱûбƤǱҶΧդ±˲֪Ĵչȥ˾Ͳˡ
⻹ֲҲ֪ʲô⣬ûرŵͦȤģҲҶΧⶫſĻᱻԻ
˿̶ҲֻǾŹһ㣬ʱϢǴʱ֪ǧȴŴ̶ɿһµоֲܵģͷﻻ̶ɣΣ
̶֪ɵãֳ֪֣
ҶҲû׷ʵףֱӵͷɣһͷ׼һЩⶫÿɿ죬һ̶Ҹժڶֳˡ
ȥ˺ ⲻҪȥĳƨ֡
ȷⶫռĵطׯڣҶֻڱ߽߱ǽǳһЩûʩ֮󣬶档
ǧ𪵭ԵĶԻȽϿ̣ϲʲôĻʲôĻҪΪı䣬ǾԲеġ
ƨ֣˲ǱȽԵֲˣ˵Ұ˲ΣԻǿررϸˣҪȻⶫҲô١
ûĳƨ֣ׯڵҲǺܴġ
һ߰λһ߿ԼűߵļУϰ壬ҵЩжôѱģҼҶʾ͸׽Ҫİˣһ̬Ȳˣ˼ҡ
Ҷ˼ñȽϴͩڵġұڹԹԸɻȻͷøģҪȻ϶ƢҼҵļжǷֿģͨĻͨģֻбģұȽϴĲŻᰲЩ
ŶŶŶһߵͷһ Ϳͩ׸ϣرݡ
һͩһɤӡ
ߵļоͻӦһһׯڵðһͷУԭȵ滻Ҳ
͵һ㣬˼ҪֵؾûôףԼұ춯ٴҲʱʱ̿ϣߣˣûô춯ܻ۵ʱ
һʧǾ͵ʱпԱ򾣬⣬ûԸʱʱ̰̿ԼԴ𵽿ϣׯڳɳٶջҲʵ̫òʧ
һ͵ֵص˼ңٰҶϺʵ֪ģԼһ㣬ǻΪʸľûˣֻҶѡ
ҶɸƣҵĶͱø󣬸˵гƨֺʹ̶ɵĴڣðҶԼ˶˲ֹһΡ
ϰ壬ôණƽʱû𣿡ΪԼҶͦϤģʶҲôˣ˳
ҶôûСӿʼڣҶˣ֪ڼˡڻܴӳҼҵ˵ǲ࣬Ͼͬһֱĸ롣
ౣ֪ͩʲôطܳϱرСرСĻƵë׵İ
Ҷһ֪ɻļˣͩгƨ𣿿˳ԣҪдŶ
ౣͩͷǧ˿һתһˡ
ŴҶȥæֲ֪ͩʲôطðһ˸һƨ֣ģ˱ǡ


108 
ˣҼҿɲܳ԰ҶæǿȻȥ׼ٳԣӦö֪Ƚر𡣡
ౣͩ͵ͷ
ζͩҲܲϲš
СһŵﳴСȶܹûܾȵȡʵĻζʮرֻҪǳԹ˾ܼסζ´γһӾܳ
Ҷ೴һЩһݶʮմװãܱܳʱ䣬ҪǷŵȻƤʪֻҪóԵͻ½ǰʵġ
ӪһûӪãⶫ֬άصӪԪضȫҶٺһЦⶫҴһ¼Ǯ
ﵽҪҪɻ˰ҺɻҲøʲôֻҪܷˡֳԱһ̲ס̫ȫˣҳԵĻôá
ȷʵɻܳסйʣȻࡣҶȻʱԵҵ֪ͨһϷ״̬ͳһԡ
˶ܾȣΨǧһȻ
Χ˶ڵʱǧʣͨˣ
ǰͨˡҶԼҲΣԭŶ͹ˣȫû뵽ǱߵʵǡҵĹҲˣҪҵĴ̶͹ȥЩ˵ĶȫӲô죿
ҲͦõġǧԺ߼ɥʬͱ춯ֵԽԽ࣬˵չֳʱ򣬾ûôˡҾټͦǸүݲ򵥣ȻԼû£컯ǰҵңҲ
أҶѿڶ
û뵽ǧ͵ʱ˵ģﻹ֪Ҫ׼á
ǧЦЦԼĻӦǲڲףõҲ㻵Ļɫڣ˵ϲҵͦģҲͬ࣬ôôΣϲ𣿡
ϵЦݵģİҶе
ܸоֵ۷Ҳˡ
ܿҶҡͷ㳤úÿԸ࿴Ȼ˵ˣҲ˵˵Լ뷨ɡҵͦϲ㣬ǲʡ˵ͩ᲻ˣ
ǧһ㶣û뵽ͻȻתŵô죬磬˲ˡ
Ҷˡǧ˼ĻҪ󡣡
ٺ٣ôΪֻҾܾĽڣҶЦ
ᣬ㲻ˡͩȷʵǺĴڣ˵ͻȻˣҪǰ׼Сǧ΢޵˵
ҶҲ˵ģֻǵ˵ͷû˵
ܾͩﲻһҲһ˵ˣʱֻҪ˾ˡ
ڽ֮ͩ󣬶ǰļ仹ûУ˵ԼĸоΣֻǰԼֵܡְ֣ǵѣȵǸʱ򣬰ҶԼӦƽԴɡ
ܿҶ뵽˷ӣһЩż磬רŷֻͩ
ڵȺܾԺͩˣԵĳ˵һЩε黰Ҷǲģдʵ˵ΪСʱ򵥴ӲĿô磬궼ӡ黰Ӱӡ
ǧˣҶһЩ߲˵ȳʳš
˶ɵӣ֪Ҷƽ޹ʵĽǳԷҶû˵ʲôҲûʣֻ˵˵绰ʱߣֻҪ¾ͿԴ绰
ǧȥ֮һˣŸһЩ̶ɻȥ
СǱߴ绰ϰ壬治̶ɣ˵Ϲ涨ƨĹ涨˶ġϰ壬ʵڲǿ԰̯ӰҼжȫóãշ⣡
ģСܺʧȥݹҲ˲æ
֪ˣͷҹȥһˣ⼸ȱЪҵѿⷿĶʰãôҶģԺǻ㣬󻹵⣡
˵绰ҶȴЩüġ
Ժҹ֪ʲôʱŪľ׮ӣһȦ˿ȥŪģġ
һʼҶΪҹҪ壬ΪҪ壬ٺΪͩҪ壬ֱڣŪףԭľ׮ӻΪͩŪġ
֪ʲôʱ˰ҹǾˣҲûҶ˵ĬĬŪľ׮ӡ
ʱͩľ׮棬צץͷһ̧ۣͷһɤӣౣ
ǰԹԶļоһͷ߳ľ׮ҿצӱץóȣԴһɧ˵һԶŴ
һͷС
еļгر󣬸ͷѾҪ϶ˣצץľ׮ѵģͩҡΣİҶеľ
еļиͷرСץľ׮Ӿ͸Ƶġ
ǰļǶһȦͩŴľ׮֪ץһľһӣԼһצ˺ľпƽ롣
ౣͩ¸߰Ľ
ȻӦ
Ҷˣզ˹أ
ౣͩƨƨߵܻ
ðɣ֪ˡҶ룬Ҳȷʵøļƻıϡ
ͩԼֻ֪ôģһЩӰоģ϶ǴõУȥҰҹ
ŷɽԻͷ˵绰
̶ɵ÷ǱѰҺΣգһ˿϶СɽԻͷٺú̸̸¶㿴Σ
Ѿþˣͷҵӻϴ̶ɣҪĻֱ򡣡ҶҲòʲôģε˼ֲǲסҰѴ̶ƾóһƺžˣʱϵ˶̶֪ġ˵ĺΪ˱ң˵òô
Ǳ߲ǲɽԻͷ̾Ҳ㣬ֲںܶǰʧˣ³ӦǶȫ඼õ£㲻ֻԼһˡ
Ҷû𻰣˵ҪѾóƨˣж٣δ򽻵ǲ֪ɣǸҿǷ֪𣿻˽ӻĳƨ֣ô˼ֱһѡ
ԭ˵ЩȻʱɽԻͷҲôΪҲͲˡ
óƨ֣׹ˣҰҶϳڶеҲûǸεİΣ˱
ǾԱҪô˵̶ˣҪأ
ɽԻͷèüƽϣҲˣԼ˰ɣҶԼҲ˫ͦõģʲôģҲȱҲں٣ֱдǷ˭ܵˣ˼СӳҲûͶֻҪһ绰˵˾ҸɻҪʲôʲô̬Ⱦ㹻ˡ
ʽȱҶȻ֪Ҳ˽ˣҪǶ̫ݣҲʲôʲô
ǱɽԻͷ˵ˣЩ£Ҷ˵һûС
Ҫ˵Ҳֻ˵
޹ƽԡ


109 
أ⻹ҪûгˡҶЦЦֻԼϰ壬ôȻ˵ˡ
ౣͩԱߣץǦڲݸֽддʼǡ
ÿΰҶ˵йصʱܸͩȤҲģҴĵ׼úѧϰ
˵绰Ҷ˸к쿪ʼǼҪд󹤳
ౣͩݸֽڰҶߣʮࡣ
ϣҶûô˯һֱоͼֽʵϸǷװʲôģ̫쳣ǣһֱҹ˯
ͩץǦͷддʮ棬æĸãҪ˲չϢ
Ľ糿˰ҹϴ˸裬ְ࣬˲ˣҶͩû
Լɻ˵ˣҶû𴲣ǰҹȥӵˡ
˵Ҳ֣ҹӼﴧûб򾿿ҹΣգ׼õԵļиųȥġ
˶ǰҶСӳͷܹԼʮǿ׳ĺӣųȫˮࡢשȵȣһԼ˹ư裬İҶĹá
٣쵼˵ˣЩǣǲߡСӳϰҪǲܷҲԼ׼
ĶҶˣݲݳ˷óͼֽۡ
˵СӳҲרҵ˲š
ϴѧʱԼ˸С˾㷿زģͻȻˣȥ˱ǦʮĻͼһߵͷҲ֧ҵڸرңһֱ
˵ô赭дʽز⣬һӾ²Ҫȥ϶£Ҳܿսʿ϶һ㡣
׼ҼҲԶһӣ򵥵ƽСҶʱ￪ӣҪпһȥӡҲû취İ취ҪLǿӣ֪ǳʲô
ҪֻǵׯڻãȻϡ٣ô⣬ƨֳټϴ̶ɣĿǰҶﻹֲʱ鷳϶ࡣ
ͦáСӳЦ
˵ɾ͸ɣһƽҲѣսʿǴװȽԼֵĵط١ҶѼļ󲿷֣ǣһ͸˳ˡ
бĳ˲ҲɰĶսʿǽűߡ
еһɻսʿпʲôʱһͷ춯ʱȥɾͰȫˡ
٣˵Ӧϰİ 춯ﻹѵأЩȮҲûôϾһֶ
ǿɱСЩһǸϰһȥõʵġüε˵ģЩһأǵ翴׼ߵļлỻһͷ
ɻذҶ߳Է
רĴͷһĲˣɶɶܱ
΢ЪϢЪϢȥɻսʿǵͷһȻԼűߵļбˣļǶ˼Уʱһ߳ųƨһеſţ׼˯ء
Ҳ̫ˣǱߵľȮҲһսʿ˵
٣˵ҪͷžȮϰѵѵ᲻ø
˵׼Ҫ˵ϰķˮŵģŲţ
û˲š
ȫǸֽˮࡢש飬ϵػڵҶֳ־ͱʲôģԴͩһ̶ɵţڵػ֮Ҳû
̵ĺǽҲܺһףﵽ¥ı׼ˣǰҶҪġ
ҲǺˮ࣬һ¥壬Ա¥ݿȥ
󽨳ɣҶ˿ƽʮֳªˮ˵ɫǽڻô񣬿ʮֹŹ֡
в٣װĶһ˿滹רŪõķˮǰ涼һƬˮأҲǹͺͺ
滹ǸǳɲɣȫһЩҶæ죬ͷҳԴͣ
ǰָ˲ˮƽļŶ˴ͨĺشţҲ䱸壬ƽʱһ㲻öѡ
¹ԼסʲôӣȻӣٵһ͸Ƶģʮְȫ
̬ģڱô룬ǾͲذҶˡ
ͨѡһЩҶɱˣҳһٴͣǷʱҶСӳ˰æȥLǰ칫¥Ǳ߰Űᶫ
ЩСһֱʰֿ⣬֪ԼǱ߻ǿӣҹģҲòź±ʲôģ槼ڡ
ֻǰҶȥʱ򣬿Сɫе㲻Ȼ
Ҳûʣֱ˿˿֪ˡ
˵Ƿ⡣С˵ˣԭûзģƽʱŻݹҲ͹һЩСǻһȺˣǴӲֿ߲ٶ˵Ƿ⡣
˭µ֪ɣȫˡҶԺǻ˶ٵĶ³ģǲҪҲæˣϣ˵طɾͲһˡ
ֿĶȫߣҶȥ˰칫ҡ
պɽԻͷ˶ڣҲڣҶЦЦѺɷŵϣллʱĹգҽͰˣҪȥȥҼԱߵӰɡȻǺ˲С
Ͳûȥγʡ
£Ҫһ˲ȥ ǲǳҳϷôҲ̫ˡҶ̹ȻҾˣԺ˭ҪҵӻֻҪﵽһļֵҾͻרŽȥˣпˣ
̶̫Σգ㡭
̶ҼҲҵLǻоģӶӲ㵣ʲôҶ䣬ֱˡ
칫һĬɽԻͷ̾ҶûƢʵ˭׽ῼ̫ࡣ
ҶΪáε
ֻҪΪΪãˡɽԻͷüѵЩƿҾҪڶƨˣ˭ȥ˵ǱѾõڶƨ̶֣Ҳõһ׼ռʡ
ǳĬܾöû˵
СӳӰҶ˵ڶƨ֣һ̶ɣʳʳɣЩ¶ûпˣ֪ˣ칫¥ҲһЩ΢ʣǶԼӦýˮ¥̨ȵ£ƨһֱûõ˵˼һֱӰˡ
ðڰҶ˵ʲôĻĶС
ܿиðôڰҶô˵˵ԼԸⲻԸⱻԸ⣬Ҿһӣģʲô˵Ҷĸ״̬ˣһǶȥɡ
йش̶ɵĴڣջɰҶԼ
ǸƵʮֵļ򵥴ֱ
̶ӳȥһɥʬͷײ̶ɣ ɾ䣬׾١
ⲻҪֻҪӳȥ׼ͷþУƽʱʯͷϰͲѣǾֲܺ͸ֲܵһˣд̶֣ǰȫͺöˡ
Ҫݳ޵㣬ⶫԸͬá


110 
ŲŴ̶ɵĴڣȻţΪƨ־ǰҶóġ
ֻϵϢҶͩ˵ûҵơ˳ƨֵĴڣҲˣҵĴ̶ɡκˣҶỳɴ̶ɵǲĴڣûƭǡ
ౣͩצץǦͷڲݸֽϻһȦһСȦ
Ҷ˿û̫
κ²ֵ˷˼ȥԹޣԼĴֻ֮Ǹ˵ͻѡҶ۾ſգĳ޵ĽҲǱϿô򵥣֮ͩ㲻ҪȥԹǣŻһѾˡ
ͩڲݸֽϻһţౣ
ȥɡҶͷ
ϵ˼½ηǳɹͩúܽò Ҳϰףżڴ濴е˳ǰ͡
ȻǸͷԭͩɣǳһȦרŸҶ˻Żȥ
ֵ̫ͩˣֱ̫ҶԼ˼½ϵ̫ɹƽʱԴ̺ڸˣ͵ͩһô죿
Ͼӵ²潲ȫִб׼Ļϸʥûʲôˡ
԰Ҷָæ˸ʵеӣϣܸıһͩ뷨ͩɳΪʥĸͨһɳʱܻ˽ֻҪģ㹻ˡ
ౣͩ嵽档
һľ׮ӵҶÿ֪϶ͩ涯ӦԼͷرļС
ǱҪʱСʱסеϢУԷҶߣҲ
֮󣬰Ҷͩȥ¼Ƶ˳ܵĶǸǰ࣬ǰеڶУҸʣһ˴̶ɡҪĿǰС˽ţʱһᰲźʱǡ
ȻȽԶҼҵĶɶ½ǰóģҪõóʣҲǲǳԷҶٺЦЦ
Ȼ֪ԼȫûҪֻҪóƨֺʹ̶ɣ㹻Щרˡ
ǰ̯ڰ칫¥ǱߵǹٸһЩ¶ͷڲһˡҶ˳Ӱᵽ棬ʱ޽Lǳǽе룬ϳ˰ҶӣӵĻȫLˡ
ӵ˼ʳ࣬¹ס滹ȥLǣסLرӭǣרŰźõķӣһһ¥֣ȻҪ۵ġ
LĿǰ˵Ǻܰȫģеĵطˮڸ ˼ٵˮڣǰȫˡ
ԽԽǿټϱ춯ֲԽԽĶɥʬסڴѾ̫ȫȥLǲǵѡ
ҶߵĴԭҲ˾ҪȥLǣ˰Ҷ
˵ǴǷˮأðᡣڶ̫ҳţ̫ΣˡСͼһߵǵ˵סڴͷĴֵͲһǶɥʬ
°ҶҲ֪ϵжɥʬţ͵ģټϴʵǲ󣬼˶֪ˡ
ҲȥˣûɱɥʬǴＸ׳żѶɥʬˣûˣͨҲ֪ԺΣջԽԽࡣ
ǲǷˮҲԺһԽԽΣģLǰȫˣڻշãҪȥˣõķӿܾûˡҶС᲻᣿ǲģLǱ߶ҲѺá
ҵǿЩȥ˳㰲ȫô С̾Ұ趼ᵽˣһҲǡǸӱɥʬڳȥLǣǩЭ鷣˺ܶʣҪԺٷֱLǡΪ¶Ұ軹绰ңʲôϵأ
ҶЦô۶ӣôڴŶӣǺΣգʱͽӣһΪǶûأⲻҲͦġ
С˵ҲСһѣϻƵƾʡ
ϾѾĩձʱˣȻ˱ɳ˵ĹһʱܲˣǱһЩ쳣ľٶ⣬ڶʲôʱˣĩȥôãȥж٣ŵж٣
ϾƵȫLǣҲܿRǺQһЩƵȺӵɥʬɥʬԽԽ࣬ڽϲͣεǰĵӰƷҪгˡ
ŵ˶Ǽǿģ˵ǿѲǻˡ
»ɥʬҪôҪִ󱨸ˣҪôǴˡ
Сĸͽ㣬ҶǲǸˣͦġ
֪ѼŵȻһЩ𣿡ҶͻȻʣҪ֪ˣ᲻Ҫ
û˵飬˵ˡǴ绰ңҪûСҶԱ߸һӣ㿴զʲôҶ׼Ĳˣһˮ෿ټһԺӾ͹ˣסǸլҾеġ
ðϲǸȦҶЦ
Թ壬ԣСһֱżˣȴûǵļ˲Լˡеֻ̣нˣȦΪǸһֱѹեĶ
ֻԭҲһЩۣҪȰ˵ҪͥҪȶڸԼ뷨ȫԵģԼΪˡ
ҶԼӦǸȦˣٰ׼ʵͣδȥѾ˸ĸģǰʱİҶҲʼģ
෴еͩһֱ֣ССĺڶָܿԹɻİҹԺͷ˯ԵĻԲĴ󹫼ԼЩʻģ̫񼦵ı켦ǡ
ȻӦСҶȻҪæĺúõģרȥСһˣһܵΡ
ԣҰˡҶʱСӳæһٷõĶ߶СʱأѶóҪǲĻҲõģЩ켦һͷͩѵѵͷܶʡ
СҲûԼҵı켦ȫԼͱϾޣǵðҺõ˼
ȷ£Ҷ͸Сӳ绰
ǱСӳûӦʵ¶ԼӦҲҵ˹ȥæ߻һ£óû㡣£㲻ӦҲû¡
ɣ˵ɡҶͷ
߲кܶྯȮһЩܣûؾ飬֪ѵڻһĨڡСӳҵļжܴǶʺ槼ܴˡţܲæ
Ҷ̲סЦˣ˵ͩæɣ
ҲǡСӳҲЦ
Ҷҵͩ
лҪ˵12һ£1һ¡ϻ8һ¡


111 
˵أǧϹӦҲ£ǡҶдҵֿͩԺſϦ棬΢ЩͣȫϦϸɲ̬Ϲʱͷ
糿ʱҶѵ壬ǻģϹһǰкϹ
˼ֻƤ˿ҶȻȥˮ˿ˮȥԼһƹϿ˿ڣеؿŰҶˣƵĶ
үүСˣʲô
ౣͩдҵצƹҶ
Сѧ꼶ҵѾܳɵķǳˣ˼½Ҳѧÿζ֣ܵҲȫ淢չˣ
ˣϲͩ꼶ѧҵɣһʱͿѧϰ꼶γˡҶҵŵһԡ
ౣͩ˵ӦһĹԼҵʰá
иСӣרŷͩĶģҵΡǦͷȵȶرãԼľߺУСľУüɫСȵȡ
Ҷֻῴ಻࣬ᶯʰҲ鿴ͩ˽
ͩСӳǱǰѵȮǹ𣿡ҶüЩȮͺܴѵĻӦҲаɡ
ڴﻹȼ˼ҵĹţһͷɫĹϸȳʮִ˻ϵܣԼҴ󹫼㣬ֻǣѾˣҲҪڹ˼˸ûͬ⡣
ƽʱҶٳ棬ͩڰҶ֪߲֪ʱ򣬾ڴйˣˣżżļǳȥй䡣
Ҷ֮Ҳûпȥܡ
ԺӾӪԽԽΣգҶóŵĻܻԽԽ٣ܲܰͩȦڼʶôһء
ԽӴӴǱģֻڴй䡣
ͩйʱȻǼͷڹģ˫ԹȻܸͩڹҲܴδСͩҲûߣͩϵ㲻
ౣͩҳݸֽץǦͷдĸok
УȻͩӦˣ͸СӳǱ֪ͨҶֻ绰˵绰˳㷭˷ϵϢͦģLǼ˶֪СǱҲӵҪϢˡ
ʵǿģԼʵĵǹԹ߽ˡ
С簲ţҶòŲģרעϵСӳߡ
һ磬Сӳ˿ˣǷɶĶרҵеֻҪҪı򾣬ǾͲõʲôˣҲǺķѹ¶
ǻһ䳵ͷһȺģͬľȮӦȫоȮˡ
ͷСһƣǰӳһ·Ҳûжֱ˰ҶеԺС
ౣͩһɤӡ
ԺɢļǶʱȫۼһдɳģһմСŶӺãؿǰ棬ͷСͩ
ЩֻǽûɻģҲһ֣СǱʩҲһ֣ǶŰ࣬Ҳ̫ҶܵҼͩţҺٹ
ҲԹŶӶãؿЩССûгļǡ
ౣͩתһȦǣŤͷսʿȻ嵽սʿǰ棬צӣдһ֣ͷиʺš
սʿ֮ǰСӳ˵Ҳиͩйصϡ
ձ˵ǣͩǵļУĳ࣬
ʲôأ
ʯͷеҪʯͷΪеϹҲһ֣ҪŨܵͩȻֻһ֣ǿ֪ͩˡ
ֻѲ²⣬ͩ׼ȷд֣бŵʱսʿһ²˵ǵͷͷ
ౣͩʮĵ˵ͷսʿһȦ
ǲ֪ǲⷬԻĹϵսʿҲһ ÿ춼ͩĽ̵Ȼ򡣺ɲɵģսʿҲǻϵܣͩһ֪⣬ĪѧС֮ԼܾȻ
Ȼкôǻʲôþģսʿԭ͸ͬͬסʱɴҲˣͩѧϰ
Ҷȥ˿Ǳ߽¶սʿһĿͩУౣ
ͩˣҶɢϢҶ̲סȥʻһ棬ϰܵսʿʣͩ˵
ദôãҶͩ˵ģ
Ǻáսʿ۷ŹĽֺܹŹֵƵʣһܸоԼЩ㷢ûУǱˣˣоҲ˵
Ҷüսʿ˵˼ٻ
Ȼʱ䲻仯ܲģЩȻȲϹȷʵһЩϸ΢ı仯ԭһľͷͻȻ꣬ǵľͷһ
еĹϢʱѧС̸ǵƾܴ֡
֪ɽԻͷ̵ͽǲҲõַЩͽʵҶͩͦˡ
СķӲֻһķ䣬浹Ӽ򵥵ĸҵȵȣ˵ȸСȫЩʮƽĵԢࡣ
ǰԺͦȫˮ̵أصĴӵĴţõĶǷӴҲкü㡣
ȻСѧŰҶҵôŪģΪеʣѡͷļУڰҶѵѧ֮ͻֱӸСӳǡ
ɵĵ죬СҳԷ˼ˮ͸ˣϰ˽ȥ
ǰһҶȥСǱۣŰȥԴ
Ǵܾǰķϰߣ¹ܽҶ¹ӴִŽĸۣҲͣӡ
ӺõĴƤִ࣬࣬Се㣬һ㶼ͷ
ھˣҪҶЦԭϷô죿
Ҳ׼ҪˣҲҵģ˭˭С
Ժרŵļӣͷļ棬ոµԺӣͷ󹫼˷ܵ죬쳤˲ӣ˸
ɰҶأ󹫼ſڲ洵磬ʱ˹ֱӴӳĴŽ˸ߵĵطţӸµؿǸĴ󹫼
Ŀ
ɱҶ°Ҷ æȥҪ㴮ӡ㴮ӣûУ
󹫼Ťͷ˰Ҷһۣͷ£һĳƨӵͷǰ棬Ȼתˡ
⻹ࡣҶͷ
ƨȻǺܸߣǶڼЩĶҶģϾʵˣҶԼҲȫ
СгҶȥǱߡ
ĶԼ֯飬ŸװĿˣЩûʵ֯ҲûиװģڵȴҶҪжһЩ˲ȥˣе˷˫ʱ䡣
ϰ壬Ҵ̶ܲܶ㣬һ˲Ÿð


112 
ҵ⣬ֻоֲܵ˲ֻͨһѡҶЦϾⶫΣգҲôڿ١١
ɣǵ˰˵
ҶЦЦ͸¶ѵǲ֪Ҹϵ𣿴̶ȻҲһݣһӿûǰҽģǸ˵֮ǰɵҪĹذ
˵˵ҶбģǵıLоеţʱһսǿأɫʱеŹ
ʮĪһ֮ǰһҪ˽һ°ҶǸʲôˣڶŹ֣ĺöڶ֮ǰһҪģԲԹްҶ
˼ߵСֻ͹ǱȽϸĽ͡
Ҷֻܽãǧܵǿ϶Ҫһӡ
ҵı춯ҲǧҪΪ˼һ״Ϸˡ
Ϊˣ⻹û㻨Ǯ˳ƨ֣ҲҺʵĵطԣȥ칫¥ǱרҵķԣƨųԲʮ˶õ
̶֪ɣǧҪԸˣһǧ࣬йϵŪ˸̶ɣ׼ԸУôţ̶ըˣðıȣˣЩҸǺͳв㽻
ͨЩ£ѧѧҾͲ˵ˡֻǿһ£ǲҪͼҶҲҪҵļѼ죬ݲݵģҪȻ϶ǳԲ˶߰
ӷֱһ浹ûκ˷
ڰҶҲСˣ¶˵Щһ㶼û󣬶ģǲƫƫȥ˼ңóƨֺʹ̶ɵĴڡ
ڰҶε˵ˣԼǲ𣬶һк̨أҪˣúúԼûʵ
ҪǶ԰Ҷ˽ٶһ㣬֪RǵźɽѾϣ˵ĿŵǰҶڻǻĺúõģ
˵Żͩܽſڵĵ̺ϲ˲צӣԴ϶Ŵ̶ɾܽˣſתһȦ
ҶϢͩԼԴϵĴ̶ɡ
ϴģųţƵı춯ѾͩڱǳΪߵĴ̶ɡ
һȰҶǣսҲǿ˰Ҷпܻһûˡ
жѧⶫˣҶʡ
ͩѴ̶ɶȻԴסսౣ
Ҫ̸⣬ҲԱšҶǸ̶ɾ͵ͷɣǵгһһ
һ
̶ʵ棬ڰҶQQģҲرǻͨǾӲĽʯƵģҲֻоֲܵ˲ܸ𱣴̶ɡ
Ҷģ˵ĲƥһЩҩƷԼƬһЩ档
Щͷţʵ߲ˣʼȵȣǲһ
ǲȱЩװʳƷȴʵģʱˡټϴ̶ɺͳƨ֣Ҷߵһӵ˲ʣͷһֽⷿһóŵ
ҵı켦в˵ĺͷģŽ˿ʼװʰҶ
мֵ࣬ſڵĲ֣еı򾶼ܽʱæЩ˵һμúϡ棬Ҳ뵽ˣҪԼôһͷǰȫˣ
Ҷҡͷڲ
ǺðɡôʣȻҲûϣġ
ǼҵĶЩûбģǸǰһֻǼ󣬶˵ı仯ȴر𡣼һ仯޴еĴʱȻδ꣬βͷѾ˼һ׳ͷʮݳëɫʮʰ쵣Դ滹мëŸȫһ˰
ּƽʱŶӵʱȻͷ󣬵Ϊβռطֻ࣬һš
еļб֮βͺֻ̣ܶԲԲģž͸ƵġҶֻܼסţͩϵĻ޸Ĺüˡ
ǼǷˮذɡҶ˵ţȥ̶ֲɳߴˣڶ̶ҲҪ죬Ƶ껹ССģֻƬҶӣһӵģڳ󣬻룬͵ų졣
пյʱ򣬰Ҷ߷һܣҲϷʡ
żߣܿͩſ棬ʱûſţצӴֲ桭
绰ˣҶһ΢΢Цˡ
ΪǱԺ󶼲绰൱йأ˵ǱоֲˣԺҪųƨˡ
ɽԻͷ˵ɣʲô¡Ҷ
ڶƨֵ¡ɽԻͷ
ƣԭҶӰ칫¥룬ʱһЩ˻ȥû٣˲ٶȻ˺Щǲںģʼ˵ҶĻͼżLǡ
δز֪£ûгֹ
ֻҲͰˣȻеĳƨֶѾãõڶͽܶءɽԻͷͷᣬ˭ҰҶ棬ֱû¶档
ֻɽԻͷ绰еΣҲڴˡ
ûɽԻͷĲƵģҶаͷþˣôЩأðǷεʲϣҿɲܼô˰
ɽԻͷĬһû
ĻⲻĳжڸҽӴҲһˣǺгģȻLǵĳƨҾԲˡҶҲԼ̬ȣǰLǣе˲øҴ򽻵ڶΪұLˣҲǺ¡
ǱֳĬһ˵ĴӦ֪ڰ칫¥̯ӣȻȫ鷳ҲࡣҺܶ˰㵱ɹٸˣLǹ⻤㡣LǣҲΪáǰ漸£ץLǵˣвٸҪ㽻ȥʱҺɽȥһˣ˾Ȼˣ¿ܻᷢ
˵ûǱзҲ鷳һLǵ˴Σ˵ЩLһҲҵͣջ뷨лҸɴİˡҶ˺ܶ࣬ʱȻżɽ˵ˣҲһԵ˵ףֻأҲ׼ߡֻߣͱǱߣǲһġҴ̶£ǼǧҲϴײǵͼҽʲôΪ׵飬ʲôãǸˣطˡ
ǵ뷨иʳƺĺܺãСʥĸơ
ɽԻͷ޷ҲΪˣûԸҶ绰ʵȻһЩˣȴûʲôѾڰٶֵĲ֮أָ˵
ǽ޵Ĳ˰ɣǵշѰɣҶȻת˻ʵܸܲķţ͵ǡγƨֵļǮɡ
ɽԻͷеԥɽڵŴǧ꣬ǲ֮أҶֻǸɵˡ


113 
ɽԻͷǸˣΪȻӦ԰Ҷڵʵ϶ɽڵ
ʦ֣ô˵ˣ֪ĻɽԱţȵ绰˲ſʡ
ɽԻͷ̾˿ȻLЩˣбѡʺϲ٣˵гƨֵĴڡǵģҲǸԼоĴڰˣҪ壬ٵðϣһڣѾǾˡ
֪ɽͷǲס
ûҶܹŹ֣еĳƨּ࣬ԼΣLеҲȲϰҶһָͷʦֵܶ˶Ķ֣ͨ𣿡ɽԻͷ̾Ϣܲ鵽Ͼ˵ͨˣĩǰͨͨЩƽ
ڣ۴ʲôȥҶӦòͨˡ
Ҵһͨ˵ڵʵɽԻͷѾݡ
ͨ˵ģͨΧѾ޷ˡ
Ҷ˵绰ɽԻͷ˵ЩھһЩŹֵƣȻԼǹԼƵơ
ǹҶûͦõģỤ̄Ū
ͩߣҶк
ౣͩæֻϵԴȷֻڳ磬Ÿܳȥ
ԼȻ˵԰ȫҶٱLǻȫֻûƳױ㳡ϴˣӴԺĻ񣬱質Ļ
鱻ҶŲؽĿⷿУһ޴ıչ治й飬гƨ֣仹иľУԭǿյģڱͩϡŹֵС⣬ҶҲûȥо
ó򿪣ҶⷭңȻ˸ɽԻͷĲƣԱ߻ϡŹֵ֣ȥӦǿھ
ǲɣ֡׭С׭ǣҲʲôJ⣡Ҷ˰ûףŭˡ
ౣͩչֿһ̽ԵĽеౣౡౡ
ŸʫƵģ·ûӡ
ҶѧͼϵӰڳƣô٤ϣͩٴĽţģúʲôòһˡ
仹ԭķ䣬Ҷÿƺʲô
ౣֿͩ۹飬ܵҶߣҲ٤ϡ
ײˣֻܴŵĿͼڳƣԴһһģеԽԽСȴ·͸ʲôڰҶһ仯ûС
ɽԻͷ˵ŨڱŨ˵ǰֻһЩɽֲЩ΢ϡڵĻôھеĵطǰʮ֮࣬ڳԷ˯ĹУܻ᲻ԾĴ
ЩõģܹԼҲı䣬δܡ
õģȻûоܣȴҲıţдټôһСˣʮ֮壬Ǿʹﵽ죬ӷˣɱΪߡ
ҶãɥʬγɣƺҲΪĹϵ
Щ˳ԺʹЩ˲ᣬϵ˱ԺʵĻЩҲֻܹԽԽأ
ɥʬǹᴫȾ
ؼҶͦ׽ܵģϾﲻгƨ֣ҪֲܻûͦŹֵġ
ʲôӣҶûΪӦһֱȽϸ߼ĸ˵ְɡ
ߡౡڼҶȻ飬֪ôģ˾Ͷſˡ
һһûн࣬ǣʲô壬һȦֻعأʲôҲʲô
֪ȥãҶ۾³һ
ౣۣͩͷҶ
ͩɶо˵˵Ҷʡ
ͩ룬ݸֽǦͷҧƤͷʼддкҲƴŵͦḻġ
ƮƮ壬һС죬һ졭Ҷһһߵ˵˻
ͩæд֣
ⲻˣҲøƽʱ࣬ĻҲе仯ɡҶ°ʲһԳƨûųƵģҲ˲һ
ౣͩͷ
װŻر䣬ͩҲûܽȥʰһԼСľУ˵ʲôҶҲûϱ䡣
ӲֿҶٸЩӾѧǶǸıģYYڵɲһ
ౣͩͷ
˼죬Ҷķֲˣʱǰ࣬Ҳˣ˯һ㰾ҹֻڶҲɾӣٴʱҲ˰ҹ
˰ҹҶӦġ
һ죬Ҷʣûио
ҹҡͷ
ڶ죬ҡͷ
ҡͷ
ȥʮ죬ҹȻҡͷˣֻϴ֣оֺĸоܷɲ١ӦþɽԻͷ˵ɣ
Ҷͷ
˿ɽԻͷȻûкԼܸԼɹ⻹ǺģҶֻ绰
ǹҲκˣԼҲĹΪ˸л㣬Ҹʮö̶ɣ㰲ֲöɡҶƨǷǿ׼Ȼʱʹá
ǱɽԻͷȻһʣԼй
һȷǲġҶ˵ǣҲûţǱ߾׼еҪţĻǰк
֪ˡɽԻͷ
⼸ҶһֱڼԼԺ߲˼ֱ賤Ѿ˲òժһɹɱĳ̶ˣӸɡǸɵȵȣָУȫؽѷźá
ԺСһ磬ڲȥLǽô㳡ǱˮرȽϴ󣬾ͷɹ
ԼҼ࣬ͷѸٳÿ춼ҪԺܶණõʳܶܶࡣ
ĥۻҪȻʯĥĻҵñˡҶźͷýСӳ͵õĲҲͦġ
ౣͩԱ߿ţĥۻƮķĩմëϣŸһƵġ
ǰڳʲôǮ򣬴ûԸʵͦġҶֻգһ߶߶ͩ˭֪в࣬ͷǼҵļ˵˵Բ˷ѣ
ͩͷౣ
Ⱥ켦㹻ͩʲôܺܺõء
߰Ҷִϣ˳㷢һԼĸ롣һӣоزܶˣٶĻȻæ
ϵһֱŰҶ״̬ҶܹӵǰҶͷʷֵһͷԶӴȻСˣһѵ׺С󣬶Ǹջģ֪϶ʡ
ЩĨ˷ۣˡ
ǼһлƹϣҳһƹϣԸ½ϰְ֣װְ֣
Ը⺰үү
ѵֻϰ̸Ȼеġ


114 
ӴˣʲôСҶЦӵˣ
ˣǺˣѾϵˡСҪȥˣ·Σպܶడݻң԰æ·֤Lǵڶһаȫ
Ҷҡͷˣ·ȻΣգǶҲһֱڲ֪Ҫж
ֳгҶС紩ӣȥ
ͩڳż˶ڼ⿴ģ̧кŵҲЦЦΪӦ
ԣڰҶ֪ʱͩѾ˼ҽˡ
滹ͩѡȫԼҳֺÿִļУȻû꣬ѾܿȻѿ
βʰ쵣ĸȸƵģԲëȥرģһ·ʮְģеţʮöġ
˵ΰҶģǸͩãѡֺÿʵֵĴڣʱһĸں棬ԵðҶС͸ˣͺðһƵġ
ϰ壬ģضˣ̫ÿˡСƬž͸ɾƵġ
ֲдһЩɫԲһˣıȥȷʵȽأҲ⾳
ҶǺܵ
ౣౣͩȻС
ͩ㲻ҪС֣ЩһȻźܺÿڼʵҲϲٽš硢ţҶط룬ͷȥҼҿ֪ˡ
Сͷ
ЩС綼ûؼңһֱסҶ߳ԷÿԺﶼɸɾģǰԺҲͷУżҲǸƿûãëļһûʲôϡġ
ЩģضӣС绹ͷһؼ
槼ҲڳУؿź滨֦չģضӡ槼ԼԵö೤õǺܴ󣬵ϵܽʵģģȻǱȲģضӵģȥǸֺĴ󺺡
ౣͩ槼һɤӡ
槼أһ
ͩȻһܵԱïܵУһܻڼ䣬槼ĹɱһͼҧҶı򾡣
ɱɥʬˣҶܵ
ౣͩһɤӡ
Ҷͷ
Ӵһ·ɽǺ鷳ҾLҲԶȵLߣҲûöʱ䣬Ҷ·ϻϢһ£һƿˮ
LｨǽصΪ˰Ҷ߿˸ӣһš
ʱôȥǽѾĳΣͦ׳۵ģ϶Ӹ߼ӿѾ赲ɥʬ˵װLǴ˱Ƚϰȫıݡ
кü㣬ģĵȵȣԼƻϽʱܹرմţøԱߵĳǽһȫ
⻹һСξˮأǱȽϰȫҶǱͣ¡
ģضӻų·ߡ
ڣϵ˶ˡ
ϰˣЩ񵽵ʲôͷ̫ÿˣ
ЩڣΣհ
ǿЩȥ
˵ģǰŴ򿪣ȴûеһʱȥҪ滹ΣգҶ̫óȻж
ҶҲ⣬ǰڿʼȷϵ˶ԳˣİɣΣգұ֤ҪʵǲңҲԸһŵҪǳ£һ⳥ǵļˡҪǻеĻͻȥɡ
ЩϹͨʱҶ˵ڶζѣ׼ûвͬġ
֮ǰҶּ˵أһһҪǿǶ֪ӵĹذɣô﷢İɡ
ã
Ҳû˷ԡ
ȻҶĹغܹŹֻ֣Ҫ˽ܣҲûʲôŹֵˡ
˶ģҶ׼ǻȥģضԶֳ飬ֱ·ߣмҲмֻá
ڻкЩˣʲôı鶼УֵġġӵģҶȫӶ
Ȼиߵǰ棬ŰҶΪʲôѶ˵ſڸǽףЩ˶ûѵԺ󶼲ܻ𣿡
ϰ尡Ⱦǰɡڳǽˣܶ˶ûгԵģ˺ܶˡ
ǰϰôﶫֶ࣬һɡ
һڡһ ֻҪһҾܻȥ
˵˶Ƽݣ˫ĿޣʱͦģȫϣؿŰҶͣ£ת۾
ڵԽԽѣסLǵ˻ܺȵٸṩˮȻûгԵģˮҲˡûˮԵҲûУ»ܻҶͦġ
ͷкܶණʳüǧ˵أһĳƨ֣ܱĴ̶ɣЩ˵ģѾǼǡҲǣҼһͷ죬ͷܴ󣬳Եĺܶ࣬ҲˣԺǺܴսһȥŪģչչũҵŪСũɶġҶ˵˵ЦҼҾԸ㣬ٰʮ˲⣬Ժٷչչǧ˰ٵҲ⡣
ǡ۾ԽԽˣֻҪָͷ©һô
ౣͩߵҶűߣͷЩˡ
ϵı鶼ܹŹ֣˷־壬ͶһƭԼȻƭԼֻҪԼˣ¾ȷƵġ
ͩǰ㽲㶼ס𣿡ҶȻʡ
ͩ룬̧צӻˮأдjisuobuyuushiyuren
Ҷͷʩˡ˼˵Լô룬ΪӦôҪΪһ˵ȨҲֻܶԼѣûȨȥܱˣǿȥܣǾʹĹ򡣡
ǰ׸ɣΪʲôȥҪǮأҶʡ
и˰˵ʱǲȱԵģȱģΪʲô˼ҪǮҲȲѣԺҪǻˣȻסڵĶ飡
ԣǻסڵĶ顣
ԺҷˣȻᱨ㣡
˷˶ġ
Ҷ΢΢ü̾ϢһûҿǹǿҵңҲҵңҼҵĶһǧˣһ𣿡
ǲ˵ñ֪
Ҷ˵Լ˵Ҳ֪²ܣҪǵ˺ôİ˿ܲ˵ǾԻԼ֪
ﰡ֪ҲЭǾͻ߳ŭʼԹңңڮңϣȥҶҾΪǿǶУԺܾסأҲָһ·LѾʼָ֯ĶѼʣֻҪãܻȥġ
ĿҪȥˣҶҪǼŭˡ
ౣͩݸֽǦͷȥһֵģ۾ǳޣɴ˺һš
һڱϣ۵ֱӵڵϣˣѪ
һʱ˵ˣԹдԼ֡
ͩʰҶߣ˳ͩ͵ʵӲ˳̽̽ǲʥĸɵӡ


115 
ͲðҶˣСĻ
ģضӶԺ棬ҶҲգҲЩһĺܺÿš
ౣͩ˿ԺתУһ϶Ŵҿ
Ѵһ£ﶼмذ֮ԵϰҲмƻģܹܰŻݣԴǿֻȥˡСϰҲ֪ҶĲףǵġ
˶ʱۿһȡ
LſڣЩҪҶʩᣬҶûʩᣬǼ˺
˿չҶĺ˵ֱӶϾLĿܣ뿪LǣҴ߳Ѱһᣬڱĳгƨ̶֡Ĵڣ˵LоפЩֻҴߵĳаȫ˲֪ٱ
ʵôпᣬһ˵δ
ӵȻû˵лǾðҶЩˣֻʱС˵ԴֶۣʱðҶֱСʹڱΣֻҪԼ̹˾¡
С磬ҿûкɣ֪ܲͨһ£΢һ㡣˵Ҽиճûõĺӣ費ˣҲûķӡ˵ǸẺӡ
ԵȰС룬óֻ
ܿСЦϰ˵ɲˣǿԸͰ̷ۣһСסСװ࣬ˣιҲˡ
̫ллˣ̫ллˡӶҪĨˡ
ҲҪģСеĴӦеûӦ
ЩԼƴûмκ֯ȷʵȽϿ࣬ǼȻܳлЩֵǮʵġ
ֻһóĶСҲȷֻ˰Ҷ
ౣͩҲչȥԴһһģӡ
ҶǶֳģڲ￴ʲôľͷǸ̵ľͷ࣬ӦǺö
룬Ҷҡͷⶫ̫أҲҪ
˵һʧγֻҲûС
ҶŻһתģҿԸǷʳֻҪԺ黹У޵Ļһɡ
˶һ㶣ûɵӣ֪ɸƣҲ˵ԼûıУû;óЩǶһ޶ģ˹ʺˡ
ãġ
ҶģһЩҪڵİװʳƷﻨ
ȫСûųҶֳͩģضӣʹһLǡ
˶⣬ҲĶȻ˷ḻۺ쵱ȻҲУǵԼʵ˼
ˣԼȥɡҶ
ౣֳͩ첱ӿŵķ򣬡ౣ
ҽǧǣƵȻܵǾȵȰɡҶ֪Lǵôˡ
ûʮӣǧһ֣Ҳµˡ
˽ҪſڵʱץL㡣ǧ赭дżϣ͸ˡ
˵ô赭дҶȴÿ϶ûô򵥡
ǰϵһźɽģһģLûǵˡҲвԼҶҲûȥʡ
صҶֵȻһֱɻӽɻɡÿ´нϢ죬ɽ˵ʱԸŻLǡܳסڼոʱֿʱ
ܺãܺã˷ܵش֡
ǱǧȥϹ֪˵ʲôҶͩҲһͩŻ룬ûʡ
ÿ˶ԼܣȻⲻ֪ҲûбҪȥ׷
΢һʰҶкͩսǿļǣҪˡ
ౣͩæҳ
ģضӴ󲿷ֶ˼ֻмĸųţĶǴСһͩΪսǿļǡ
ߴ˶ŵùġǧЦ
ҶͷЩˣǧ𪣬ЦʣҶƷˣ
ûУ׼ҵ˼ƺҲûǧ˰ҶƣһŮӴңֲܣǰҶƵԶݡҹҪһ˫ɣϾҸϵãֻҪңɲ˳Ӵˡ
Ҷͷ׼ҵĴӦ
ˣϰ׼Ҳͼֻ࣬ҶڰLˣڹٸͬҪֺѰ׼ҵĶѹȥ˶ѡ
׼һİҶٸǱȻԸҶɹ¼ҹˣٲܽԵһ㡣
LΧߣͿˡ
еСӣ¥ݵĵطȫûˣֻεɥʬֲû˿ܣеѾȫûԭӡ
ԶԶ·һӣӶһƬɫĺ󣬰ҶĿ࣬Ϊһֲ
żܿëëһЩţȵһȫֲ̡ҶһֻεĽ䣬Ŀ¶׹⣬¶ݡ
ԭûвʱѾɿһ˵ĵ
⻹ȽϰȫĵطRǣͨ˾װٺҲȥˣЩѧͽǧҶĬЦȻʵڻûеطס㡣
Ҷתһ룬
һֱûͣϵܣڻѧ˴ʵһֱģ˵һʼԸöҶƬѾ͸֧ۻ軨ôٸҶҲۡ
ֻҶеɫȻԼûˣЩͨ˵Ҵ߳е㹻ˣˣ¶׶༪ˡ
ˮܣǧǶûôȥעʱѾȻ仯ΣգİǰΧRѾɥʬֲײУ˵źɽһ˺ܶ𣬾һñֲҲ㹻R˽ˡ
˵Щ϶ûУȻRǱ߷Ϣ
ʲôʱͨ˵ʵͱöԸ˻أҶ૵һʼֲﻹû죬ͨɥʬҲܺɱ
һʼҪ˱򾡣ǧ
Ҷһ룬ʱȻ
ɥʬͬʱ֣ǺֵܼĴڣǵڣ˲±򾣬ǰٷ֮ʮŵ˻ǺµģΪⶫ
ˣǧȻǰطǸϰԼڵģ׼Դ˲٣ҲˣӦñࡣ
ǰΧǽܿð֦Ҷ˿Χǽ˵ȫࡣ
ౣͩȻܵǰ棬ͷҶҪһȥ
Ҷ򿪳ţСĵ㰡
ౣͩӦţһԶˡ
³ڹ۲Χʱͩ˻һߣͷݼȻ綾
ౣͩӵϣצڵд˸֣࡯дָָѾɱߡ
ҶʱüԺܶߣͩûпˣɥʬеĻж٣


116 
ҷʱɥʬֲ࣬ûôïܣߺ˶ûеġǧЦЦҵӦðġ
ûǸҪҶҡͷҶĹڱصãҪ˻ƣҲĻ ֱӶ־ǡ
RǾֲᣬʱɽԻͷܳҶ˸֮ǾڲʲôĿ϶ǸеʱУûеʱҲûˡ
ౣͩٴλ
μ򵥵ıȻﲻԼ뷨ͩɴݸֽǦͷдд
дߡдƴˡֵףд֮ںע˴ŵ֡ˣͩעɥʬǻ˴ŵĵͼ
ΪûͩҲ֪ʲôģûбע
ݸֽˣͩƸҶ
ҲʶչݸֽȻһЩͼۣرһĿȻһЩصץķǳͩĿ࿴
ͩʼϻ滭Σҽ̵ģѧĻҶ
ԼڴѧʱŪȤ࣬ѧˮʻŻ֣ѧĻͦýͩ
ǧ˶˵Ѿ֪ͩˣֻҪٴμ棬ܷԭиĵط
ȽȥɣͲСҶ浽ߣǻ棬ԸµģһɥʬҲ١
¡ǧ
ҶͷҲԼ¡
ֻ߸ֲһҶȷԼҶƬǲЧҲͼӰɴഩһ·ҩˮͩҲһȦŴӳ
磡ͩ䵽Ͼʹ˸硣
һ̣ҩˮǺöֹ߿Ҷ
ͩͷ˲ͣèڰҶűǰ
ŹصĽ⣬ۼӦôû򿪹Ҷƹţ˳ΧǽǰߡȫͩϢĽ
ǰһָͷСߣҶ
ͩȻûгǰ
ҶƬ˦ȥöֱͷߴ磬ʱĲˡ
ԼܻãҶ˲٣ǰڷһضǽиʱţһЩӡȻ˶ʱŽ
ſźһҶе㾪ȣ澹ȻûŵģתһҲˣǱ߲࣬ô򾣬߻ôߣҪţͨҲֵط
ȷû˺󣬰Ҷɴǰƿżȥٹš
ǰǸܴܴԺӣԶһС¥ǧ˵ûԭӦׯ԰ĴڣȻûǸˡ
ԭӦһŵģı죬еıУֻʣȼá
ౣͩǰһצӰסһߣͷҶ
û£ȥЩˡҶ
ౣͩͷǰ·
棬׾ܿ˻ĺۼԶһС¥ŴգкܶȻġ
ҶǱȥи˴򿪴һ̧۸ˡ
ౣͩе㼤ıౣ
ȱŶ֣ҶǰСܼС¥ʣЪϢЪϢ֪вУ
ģĻҶúÿ˵ؼһ㶼ɣϵ·Ҳɾô˵ʱرΣ޺
ĺԥһ£Уɡ
ſһ죬Ҷԥһ£˽ȥͩѾû굽·ˡ
Ҳ֪೤ʱû͸ˣһ쳣ŵĹζУڳ˳ƨֵζʮӻ򣬴ʱҶ
һʲôǿɲƽ޹ʵľ
С磬ɵˣ
˵ҷŽģȻҵġС磬˵˵
Щ˵ģһĬĺӱȽ죬Ҷһ¾ˣRǱߣźɽȽϿصһСܡ
װԼе㺦£ʲôϣܰæӵLǣȻл
ңҿɲţĺЦ㴩ôɾǶãҪ˵ûʣɵӶš
Ǳ˱ﲻסˣС磬ɱż򵥳ȥҪô֪ʶ˵Ҫôôҿɣ
Ҳ֪೤ʱûŮˣڿ˶üĿģ
˵СӳñŮ˺ÿˣֵŵ㣬һ˰
ǾȻʼYYԼ⣬ǵˣЩɻ󣬾ԼһˣǼȻҴĸɸɾһûܿˡôĶӻȻйôõ¡Ȼ£ܹҿ£
ʻһ㶣ʶ㳤ģһ͡
Ҷ̾ѵä˲ò඼֪
ԭûʾ˵ĻҲ©ٳû뵽Щ˾ȻĻǺ۸ģ
˭ǵţҶʡ
ش𣬺ȻӦŭСӿͦ󰡣һˣôˣѵ㲻ɣղ˭˵Ҫһģ
Ȼô˵ȴʶˣܾðҶƵġ
һиֵĺ߳
˶ֻؿŰҶһ˺СӵùˣǵսǿģҲģٺ١з£ǾܵˣҲԷ˻
δز֪ҶΣʱȴš
ҶҲˣЩں֮ڵбȻмʵģҪȻҲôš
һԭҶԼǾ벻ģЩںӣһޱ߷ͷɢζҲһζ·Ҳ֪೤ʱûϴˣҶԼ¶ɸɾģҪǳúÿ
ûжٽڲ٣ûŮ˵ʱȴҲԼţƽʱǵһЩСģ΢ÿĴ󶼱ϹʱõİҶȻǶҪˡ
һԲҪ֣ҶͷۣЩ̸̸أҲ򲻵ѵ£һ㶼붯޵ġ
ٺ٣㻹ǹԹ־ܣٳԵ࣬ҪȻǰȴϣŪƲޣʱͿˡ
ֿԣǵ÷ģԹңԶܡҶüٸЩ˽ˣһöֳ
ͩ·ҪǰҶһְֻţһͳˡ
ҶĻһ㶣̶˶ЦӦǸɵӰɣƾʲôӦ÷ġ
ҷģҷġǶ֣ԲԹ㡣
ĶģϾǸɵӣǵĻ
˶ѰҶɵӣġ
Ҷصͷô룬ֻҪǷˣԼҲ΢İһ㣬Ȼܾеھء
˵սǿĺӣһЩ԰ڵ˼ҲðҶ΢۽硣


117 
ͩⲻǼ򵥵ľܵˣȻҶصԸȥԸˡ
ౣͩһӰҶ·˳ȥ
Ͱ಻סЩ˾˲¶ȼ˻棬˱գצӺͳ󣬲ĹǺǰ
Щ˵ĻͩȻû̫öͩȴˣӰӾҲǰ׿ģʱȻ顣
˵ĲҽӶʱһ㶣ȻĿʲôֶΣ
ԼΪ츳źɽߵѡУһֱΪʵγ˵УʵȻǶ⣬õó֣ԭΪԸҶֵ﷭˴
ԺӰڳĹŹƣҶֻ̣¡¡ģæҧ⣬Ȼ󡭡ҶƬҪӹȥҲûӦһö̶Ҳ˹ȥ
ҶƬͫȻܵͬʱҲȻһˣħRħ
ܴ󣬻źӵĲҽ
ͬڵϵ˶ʱӦžʹҾ˵ôô죬ԭ㣡
ҲԹǣRߵƬҶʱĵģǺLߵ磬ͩƬҶͬûУǹٸ԰Ҷı
ڵİҶ仯ǱȽϴģڲģȻûô仯ȴǰһˣͲϲ
ʵǲ˼ˡҶٺһЦ֣ͩһʣµ˶ˡ
ıܣʦˣƵģʵǿĺǿŵֶԸǣ֡ʦ
ҶתһȦͩצӲɾͩһ
ںǰ棬ҶҼûõģȻȷ˻иģҵȻñâ
ǰҶͷţͩѾˡ
һͷźʵ̫ãRǵźѹƺܴ󣬵ԶϵǱߡ
ʦͷ˵һʹ˻
֪ǰҶһ֮ͷʱȻˣô£ǿ֪ȥĺȥҲûã
źɽ԰ҶĺޣʱǵûɢŨءͷҲźߵ˶ѣȻ֪Ҫźɽ֪˰Ҷˣǵʱŭ϶Գܵġ
ʦǲߡиӸҪ˵źɽ͡
ͷȴܵ˭ѵҪԼϣԼԼ
С¥һƬƲҵͷûЩˣתֳȥˣȻҪҵҶ
ʱҶ˿Ҷ˵һ飬ȻRɳ˶һˣ˱Ҵ򵹵ĻʦӦø
ҪǻطǧĵطӦҲй֮ǰҵĹƷãصôǮӺԶĵط
ǧ𪲻˵ЩҶҲûֱ뿪
ֻǧô˵޵ıԼ˼ȻĨǵģǲðҶܣú
Һͩһ̽̽ԷʵΣҪʵڴ򲻹ҲüҶˣ鷳ǰļзų͸͸磬Щһصʱ̫õĻ᲻ġ
ǧͷ
ٴδӳҶͩˡ
Ǹģ˰϶ƣۺܴͣͷ߰ġҶҲ·ĻҲ
֪ͩԼôڵģҲǻ˵ģƨɺ滹ųβͣһ˦һ˦Ŀͦ
ʲôˣҶսȥͷͲ֪ʲôطҶ
Χߺͱ򾶼ܿʵȻɽԻͷ࣬߸һҶ΢ҳȥ򡣡
С¥һ˵󣬰Ҷúܾ䡣
㵽˭ͷɫȻ
Ҷһ£ȻӦģȷʵһˣ˼ұʵУϵ·ͩˣ϶Ҳš
šҶŤ ҡҾҰ㲻֪ǶҪ͵͵㣬Ȼ˿Ǹɫ
Ҷ⸱ģͷı龹Ȼ
ԴС¥˶֮״̬ȷʵһˣ뵽ȥźɽ֪ʲôͷһĶЩ
ȥɡͷȻ˵㿴Ҷ𣿡
ҶãȻͷҪٸһһһҲҧ
ȥɡͷǳ׷ˡ
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ЩˣҲȷʵǰҪ˱Ƚһ϶ĴСеĻȽһʱ䳤̣ôôڵǷǳܻǷʱ
˵иСʱΪʹͣ-ڽ񣬽һˣǸӲ˷Ӧ϶˿ٴα۵ĵһС
͵´ҷʱҪ͵͵ģеĻԸðȥ档
ҶҲɣʹࡣ
ΪͬܿЩ˹ʱҲûôܻˡ
ʦ˵һиţֻҪߡ˵ʵڵģLǲԶǸж
ΧĵطѹˣLǱߵ˿϶ɶûҵ
̼ɣǸöԸǶҿ
ʵڲаѹ¥ɥʬųܲܲԸɥʬɣ
ʦ˵ˣ²ߣܱɥʬȾֲֻ̫ˣͨ˸ûֻʦҲ֪RǱ߻᲻æ
æǲܣ߿Lǣ֪˶ţҪǷǿɾˡ
ҰѰҶԼˣҲûʲô˵ģðҶû֪ǰ˵Щ˴ôΣյĵطҲûڻʣ϶ǲԭΪ
ҶĿľΪ˹ǸʲôȻҲڱصá
ǵʣµĲˣ컹֪ô졣
ϵϢǿɣ˵ҶԼſڿӣ߲ܣôأǼֱһجΰܲȥҶӸˡ
֪λðҪ֪Ҿȥ
һһ˵ţȫ֪ȥͶǵС
ܺ棬ҶҲȥȷһ£ԷʱԼڴˡ˸С¥һ̧۾ͿͷԺм䣬һ
ͷԱпԼĪ˸ߵҶӸͨ֦࣬ȴЩء뵽ЩֲǲܶſģҶûҶſ
£ͷûͷǺܺá
ҶЦڶͣóһɿݹȥʦҴģöԼžȻТʦ
ͷӹɿûԣǷŵЦЦؿҶͷҸе߰ɡ


118 
RǴôҶȻп
ʲôͷۿСǲǾԼɿˣΪ̫Сû취ⶫǺ֬㹻࣬ܿٲȱٳԵģⶫˡ
ҶôģȻܳˣ˵Ȼû˸ǲǿңһôҲóʮɡ
ͷˡ
ֻҪҶڣĿģģҪ˵ԼĿģͷҪʱʱбĿˣʱҶôʣǺѣͷġ
Ȼתɵ⻹Ǹոһ˿ԶѣĳΪң֪Ҫȥꡣ
أҶһǰȴţԭǼٵģԺܽңǿ޼֮ˡ
ܿģͷ˵ʱ򣬵Щ࣬΢ѹǶڶϢҲҲڿȥҪǱҲһܱ㡣
ǡǡҶһæתߵһͷͷ࣬ôţȻǶˡ
Ҷ⡣
ûҲûоܣǸͨˣǰҶһһֲܣϸǶͩ
ͷҪܲӦҶͩǰûеġ
ȻǿðһȭͷСͷһ˫۾ʮɭȻԽͷҶߡ
󣬼ȻҳǾͱȥˡͷһӳȥʲôԼתܡɿסİҶʱŭôȥ뿪ʮףܳȥͰȫˡ
룬ܴܲһҶ䲻
ͷһûӦʶҪǴùʹˣڵȵڡ㡭㵽˭
ҶͲץסͷת˸Ȧ˻ȥ
һֱȻϿʲô𣬵ȴһֱڱ󣬴ʱһ˻ǱȽϼ򵥵ġ
óԭǳŰҶǿͷȻһֱŭˣһھҪҧȥ
ͷһ䣬ɿӳһӣըðһɺ̣
̲ϣ˶٣ͷûȴûܣȻǸӺҪûʱõġ
ţͷȻӻóһɫĹͷʹҧʳָѪ档ͷ֮˻Σ˲һɺ̣ԼǸСӤ״ɿ
ѿ˳ǣʱٴУȻˡ
ciya
ӤȥסͿУȻӲһʹԭشͷͻȻʹҲ³һں̣ӤڵĹͷʱһ룬Ҳɢ˲٣ҡҡ׹
ҵİͯҪˣͷòͻ
ҶȻչʣ
㶮ʲôҸʱӽʮ׳ڲһ¾ͱô󣬵ȵߴϸͻɽɱ ǣΪԣͷŰҶȻˣһ˿ɱֻʱѲҲûѰҶǼеҫ˵ԭȵľߣɽٵʱʱ򲻷Ѵ֮õڵǲ֪Ϊʲô
ʹˣ϶Լ֮͸źɽҲǽˣڴ£ԭǸģ
Ҷ·ûͷĶ⣬૵ԭжɽٰ
ӶʲôͷһȻ˵ûоŰ꣬ĩͻƵĻᣬˣңҲ컯
֪ǲͷ˵ĻͻȻ͵һǱС˲٣ٶȶȻ죬ȻӤڵĹͷҧˡ
ͷƺһ³һѪȻܵӰ졣
ͷһץһԼüģȻץһѪҵͷѪаĿǣƣ
ҶüͷһܸоͷѪȵһͷҲ˲ήң࣬ȴԽԽܡ
ܸ㣡 ҶȻһͩһʰͷ
ౣͩͱﲻסˣӰҶ·ֱӵ˳
ͷȻͷͿͩҶʳָſҶƬҪķ˹ͫ˲Ŵ󣬾ȵǰҶ
ڲ֪ѾˣҶҴ⣬ҶƬҪ˦ȥ
ͷȴһ󲿷ҶƬȫ䣬ֻȴҲû壬󻺻ʧˣС
ߣҶҲߣҶƬ
һöУʮöʮһǧһ򡭡˵ͷ
ԭͷѪ֣ʹʱȻҲͷҧͷͩвֱ֦䵽ͷϣ̧ž˹ȥ
ౣͩһ죬
ͷϵ·˲ȼգŻ·ķߵȵȶ˸⡣
ɣͷһ㶣ŭ֮ڻûлţΪϲصķ࣬ľܰѰҶڶһѻˡ
޳֣Ҫץͩ
Ҷһãæ󺰣ͩ
ౣͩҲһɿĳһ¶˻
ǰҶģȻͩϵĻܹŹ֣յ࣬ôһ¶ȻߣʵǺܺ˵ġ
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һͷҲûԼû·ϲÿȻٴץԼͷͷѪ
Ҷüͷһ壬ֱϲͷɹֶιĪ⣬ǸӤôôֲҪͷɹԼܻ£
ҶһʱҲ벻İ취
ౣͩȻָָͷһ߿һϢ
ҶʱȻ飬ҧָ⣬һöѪ˳ȥҲ֪ԼΪʲôôΪͩɣͩ˵ǿ϶еġ
ҧָôۣҶԼҪˣĸԼʩչܣ˿ںܿˡ
ԭڵһϢʱȴͻȻۿſеһѪ飬ҶԼѪͨͨȴѸٵһѪ顣
һߣͣһ˲
֪ʲôʱܲһֱӳͷȥˡͷûзҲǿ֮ĩֻһֱǿŶѣ׵˸š
ʲôҶе£ͳˣ
ౣͩͷ
ۿͷҪˣҶеԥûͷĲԹԼ֪ȥɱǲе̫̣̫֮Σˣ
ţҶͿһˮͰֵͷˡ
ʲôҶˣⲻ̫ѧɣ
ǧ𪿴ã˳˹໽ǰ档֪ǲǴ׵Եʣߺͱ򾶼ûг֣·ʧƵġ
ǧҶգգۣɢȥҲˣǸղŷȴǻþͷȷʵˡ
˵ʲô֪ǸһѪȻͷ͸ˣ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǧɫޱ䡣


119 
ѪǺҪġǧѵ˵һػΪӦһǡʲôʱѪǹغĶ
Ҷ⣬ҲͩһҪʧѪ࣬Ҳģ˵һЩѪ׷ٻɱʮּ򵥡
ֻҶǧȻʣ㻹֪ʲôɣ
ڲ˵ǧ𪵹ҲûзϣҲû˵
ౣͩܳȥɽٳɹץ˹һϸܿԴиСͻϺҲҪȽˡ
צӲͩʮְĵͷһɤӡ
ЩΪ׹ȥִ߷׷ð˳ΪҶôһɤӣȥˡıвңǧ˻żȥڹˡ
ƻӣȵȣȻֻһãķǳãеĻҹˣҶ⡣
ڳŵһ͵ӰãҾôƺƵƺƵˡ
Щ˲ôǧʡ
ҶִͩƨɣһͷˤܣѾˡЩˡR㻳ˡ
ʱðЩ죬ԼӶˣܣȥߣһЩˣ¹ŮҪ
Rԭͱ˳֮Ϊ֮ǣԼƤԳ֮ǣνɣRŴССĻ֣ϴźɽѾ£ʮŮŮµȻѧµĶҪȦһЩ
Щγţ;ûҴ߻棬ûͶLǵ֣ߣȥΪΪ
ȻҲˣҪôصϣҪôµģôЩΪΪҶʱǸYYеĻȦʮŮŮŮľͲͣӣеľ͸ֿҲӣɾ档
ʱͺܷУЩһͬҲûˣʱȻǲٹǡ
ౣͩצӸҶ
ڱ÷ǳСͩĽϾ͸ƵģҲдŽɫĻƣһ˫۾ŶŰҶ
һﹻĻܽǼţҪס棡Ҷ
ౣͩͷ
ݸֽͩץǦͷдԼľ⣬1+1=
Ȼ˿һǧ꣬λΪ컯ɽٳɹΪԣʵδӴᣬֲʶ־͸ʶˣͷʺš
ͩʱˣʮǵä
˴ڣǧ˶ſҶǰ档ԴӾֹʼѾ滮ˣԼԺ̫СֻǿĹֻڲ棬һֻ⽨һ
ǼԭӱȽԶһƬطԭǻĵأµأֻһֱûôʰѣʱðҶˡ
£Ҷǰʩչܣȷúһ㡣
żҼЪϢҶЦСӳЩǿȥǰԺԺʲôԼժ
߲ԽԽ࣬ĲҲԽԽḻҶԼϰȴÿ̲ס
ĩʱԽãʵĶԽ١
ܳԵҲһЩˮиְװˮɡˮͷȵȣЩԽԽٵģҶÿܿҶСк۵СƹϣԺﻹɹŸ߲˸ɡ
ﻹкܲƤܲ
ܻðҲܻһͷв֪ʲôطð˲ѱ󻹻ѱӵͰ
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͵͵̽ͷԺ棬üͩͷæӣҿˡ
ǻĳþã۵ľһ˫۾Ѿܿͨ˿ĶԺ棬ֱǽǧĶͩȴ֮⡣
˸ɾʯͷԼһϸϸſŲˡ
Ժ棬Ҳطõġ
˵һЩˣ͵ˮԱߣʣµ˶ųͷȥء
ֲʱÿ˶˶٣оԼҲ˱ƸƵġ
LҲֲֻɽԻͷ˱رãѰ˸LǹٸҲʮ㣬ΪҴ߳жûֲ
ȴá
ҶҲųͷȥأܹͩͷʣļ಻ࣿ
ౣͩһɤӡ
Ȼͩץסһ򾣬쳤˲ӣ˳һౣౣ
ͬʱ·ͻȻƵĲܿһЩͷĥˣȻ̫ܵ죬ҲѸ͵ðȻ󱻼ץסɱ
ǰԺ༦Уԭſ˯Ĵ󹫼˳
ҶɫƨֳˣҪҪȥȻֲʱҲһЩĻкô
û˲ȥûΣգҿԴִڣǶԼˡ
治֪ʲôʱۼ˺üɥʬҶǶ滹ɥʬεжӶ࣬һķˡ
ط˵ôɥʬǶɥʬŶԡ
ȲùЩɥʬƨֳ֮ǰǲᶯҶҹСӳǿ쵽ˣʱɱɥʬ
ߵ䰲š
ǰ¢ۼ˰Ҷд󲿷ּУȫͣرɱ򾣬ܿϾһصı򾣬ǲ
ƨ֣ҪġҶѵ
ɽԻͷ˵ƨȻֲӽֲʱؼʮܵõһ
ƨֿӳ죬ŵϴõӣ֮ɢ㣬
Ҷ۾ͿƨӺʼᶶԭպϵĿĿһС졣һſĶһŲһۼڿΧ
ͣǵĶһЩÿˣͩҲУʱǵѹټ
ȻԶԶͣһСӳսʿȫװؿЩһɥʬ
ϰ˵ˣɱһɥʬһƨֻߴ̶ɣɱʮһɥʬһʲôСӳ
Ŷսʿ磬ʼɱɥʬ
ڴʱƨֵĹʵӺȻ͵ıѷ죬׳죡
ժҶߺһҶƬʱɳȥɱ񿿽ƨֵı򾣬Ŵߣһӣȫߣ
ɥʬȻˣǰߣסʼô
ЩɥʬСӳսʿȻܲ˵ļǰ
ҼӰѾСս̧ͷһȻÿѷ죬ʱͷһ󺰵
ʱ֪ͩʲôʱܵߣצץһ̶ɣӵɥʬͷϣ䡯һɥʬͷըɥʬͷϲ˲צӣٷСӳǡ


120 
ƨպ֮󣬱ðľûôˡ
ôҶڣʰһⶫҶкһӷһװջڡÿ˱һӣΣ
⻹˲Ը𣿾ǧ𪶼˵Ӱæ
Сӳʰɥʬʬ壬˲ŽֺǺǵߺͲ϶ˣܰѲá
鷳ˡҶЦ
鷳ЩսʿΪһܣӮĲСӳٺЦǲ֪ǴģѴ
԰ҿɲǴ۰ҶЦ
ŰҶô˵սʿǷˣûðҶۣİҶͬء
ڰҶ˵ʲô
ȥó⣬Ҷ룬˸䣬ⶫͻƹϡһ裬ζٺò⻯гƬ͸һ𱬳Ū˸⡣
ĥĴۣӳɵرÿǾӵģζҲ
ˣֳ˷΢ЪϢһ£Ծȥɻ
мǶţ͵Ǹɻøš
Щһ˭֪ԼɻнҶǾʹô
֮˵ΪԼұ켦бԽԽˣһЩʮֿŵģģضӳԱеëر𳤣ʰ쵵ģſŲʱ򻹻ð
ıļһܳȥȻҲɱ򾣬սʿǿܾñŤ
ౣͩҲܳڹ֦ϿŴҸɻ
иսʿ죬ǧ¸ɻ̤ʵЦ˵سȥڹɶˣ
ܲã˵ĻҪءɻ̤ʵĺʵǸ룬¿˻ϻӾͲͣ˵ͨ˸ܳȥҹǰûLͶĶסˡΣ̫࣬Ҫϰ Щ˳ȥ϶ȥ޻ء
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ĹҲԸ
һĻսʿĿ͹뿪СӳпǰǱѵʱЩһȻҲܣսȫܣԸıܲڡȻ仯ôˡ
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Ƕһ˵ٴסĹԣѶȾʮִˡǵڣͷȮҲҪͩԱ߰æû취Լɡ
󣬹Ǿ͸ҵطϰܡ
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ͷͩСӳеܳ
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ҶԼǺǿѵУҲЩбôеһУȫͩ
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ŽԺӣҶҲڣЦЩһڳʦˣܲҸ׼˳ƨ֣ͩչģûȥǳԣƵʱжˡ
ͷȮԴҶе㲻ףڵܶɵġ
ͩͷЩǾ͸Сӳˡ
ȥ֮󣬿ϤȮᣬϤĴǶܼܿǾͽһرӣ˱ǵһӡ
ʱӪֳĶܴΪζŷŵ׸߿գһһѹѹģ˶ſһڵ档
 һǺĽӪ˵ɽԻͷټı춯ˣһŵ
ͷȮٴγȻԼԴ˲٣ȻܶɹˣҲøˣԭ˵ĺö
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ϰҶشˣֻ滹һЩӣҶҲΡ
ǧǿʮֻԾÿζǰ棬ϵֱǿ޷ֱӣҶ˼Ϣ˻ݸһЦδϡ
ЩǼĲƸҲãҲãǼǺҲãڰҶ˵ƲʲôҲֻǲ෹ؿѡ
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ĸ˴̶ɣһʩչܣһĿƵĳݵؿŰҶ
Ƿ鲻Ҳóƨ֡ҶֱӵҵڶѾ˱꣬һڻûＯҿûУǲҰɣ


121 
Ҫ۳ƨֵļֵǾ޼۵ģҲС
Ͼٶ࣬ѵʵʺԣȻܣƨȴԡ
Ҷһʼóƨ֣ʵҲûлٶҲӵС˵ˣƨм׼Ҫٲܿȥɱ˷֣ߣLǵˣԺԷҪǱ仵ˣҹȥѵѵƾԵˡ
˵ˣҶûóƨ־£ʣҪġ
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Lǣκεطûгƨ֣RǸûУLǵЩͽѾԹһγƨ֣ѵӮ
⻰Ҷû˵ǸɽԻͷӡ
ɽԻͷȴˣɫΣˣȥɡ
һġҶ
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LһʼãŶɥʬԽԽ֮࣬©ܿһСӱɥʬֱҧ󣬷Ľкɱɥʬ֮ɱˡ
ߵĶɥʬеడҶſһȥǶˡҪɥʬܶܲ
ɥʬˡǧȻ
лҪ˵69kԲ71ŵ5ա


122 
һɥʬжͨ˶ɱɥʬýӲҲټãͨ˺ɱɥʬ
ǿܾ΢ܣøӽӲЩҲɱǧأӦô˴̶ɣǲ֪ʲôʱˡ
б춯ҶȻ
RǱ߿LɥʬֻĹЦ
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Ҫñ춯æֱ˵αĽڡźɽЦţеͷͣذţżܿǿնۿ·аƵġ
ҪЩܶԸɥʬĻҲó춯ɽԻͷȴҲʮ㣬ƶźɽǱߵСҲʰɥʬ
ȻźɽɫѿȴֺȻ뵽ʲôƵģЦ˵ˡ
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ҶͷνоҲһ飬ǧ𪶼֪ЩڲĶ
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ĳʮֵ͵ݻһ۾ܿ
ˣĳָҶϵãʱ̲סãп϶⡣


123 
ڽ߱Ҷȴ˫Ŀ޵ؿա
ౣͩҿͬʱɱ򾡣
Ҷأͩ˵ԲԣȻǱҲӦˣܾ̫ȥսΣô죿ҪĶҵôһ㶼벹
ౣͩҶϣԴ˲ա
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仰źɽڿʼƿRǣҲڿʼLĿʼ
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תȦصҶУ˱ۣӸСӳȥúùˣǾLǵˡ
ó󣬵źɽȷģǰҲʱѡ
ҶԼ棬·һħõħһԼȴ֪ܣʲôħ
һֱˣʵǲͣĴˣͨˡ
ԼܻѡϮ㿪ʼ֤˰Ҷͨˣͨ߶ǡ
Ҳ֪Լʲôˡ


124 
֮£ɹ˰ҶL׬ʧˣʲôʧҲС
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ûзӦͩڿֻҶҲûҪͩӦ߶߶ѣʵԼ̫ãʹóɹԼ̳ɹһξͳɹǹ·ȥɳľ䱦һ
ôĶҶȻԼеֶˣؼҵһ¾ǰѱ͵ؽѲλεķŵⷿˡ
ǰǸֵصģԼСС֣عԼӣ˵ԺͩˣῼҸ󣬹°뱲ӣôණУЩãǲԼӦڼӦóȥЩһ˵ɱ˷ɱСܺͺ۷壬ȥ硣
ƽַǷҶپ
Щ˿϶ڵȴķӦСӳɽԻͷˣֻ֣ҲûҹϢһֱԹͷɻ
ҹҲڵȴҶľ
ౣͩȻ̧ͷֻʱ䣬󼱴ҴҹֻܵҶߣСֱౣౣ
ҶأȻֹӵģͷС׾ͿԺСˣȴѾе㡣
ȥҹ˵׼ãʩʡҶ
ౣͩͷܳȥҰҹ
ҲǲãúüְձȡϲľطڣҲǸ
ҶͰҹһ𣬿꿹ʣټ֣һϺûʣװĴſȥأʩʡ
˻˹֣˲Уϡ˸Уӵʱᵹ
Ҷûо飬ðҹţԼܳȥͷֳѧ˸ֻ࣬¼ƵŻ֡
˻УӻøϣýŲȡ
󻹵ģ˹꣬ˮ㡣
ɻҲЪϢðѼɱı򾶼˳ȥ͵ĥʲôԣʳ̫࣬ÿԷҲѡ񰡡
ˡҶĢͼ±ӣֳɵǱСԷаɣǴ׻
һ֣ҶͩԱɳϲԸ⶯ˡ
оҿ֮ܲӣԺ̫ˣԲٸɱġѵЩﶼԲ𣿡Ҷп
ౣͩܳȥһȦּҴҵֻܻû·ϡ
ʱȥҶæҪ
ԴĩԼֲ߲˻ׯڣٶȶܿ죬Ҷֵֶ࣬øϺüׯڻ磬æе㻳ˡ
հװأܴŸʱ䡣
Ҳ䱸˱ҲϼˣҶԼӦŪ⣬ʵĶԽԽֲ࣬ر࣬ܲܶɹɴɣ
ɼҲˣʱ䳤һ̶ȵıӪͿڸС
˵ɾ͸ɣҶСӳ绰Ҫ豸
ҼԱ߲ǻкܴһյأҴŪͶɹ䣬ٽһȽϰȫĿⷿĶȽ϶࣬ڼҪŲˡҶ߶߶ˣǱҪҪҴһɴֻۣҪֳһͣ
ǱСӳȫӦţһСؿڵǡǼ¡
˵ڶúˣҶƽ͵ʡ
ǷӦˣԼǸˣԺЩڣҪˣҲԣҪǻԼӣҶԼģԼƽ۵͵
˴ʦæѡ˸طҪˡСӳ˵еС⣬˵֮߻ڿءRߵ壬źɽü춼ûжˣRǵҲͣˡ
Ͼʱ˭֪ҶȻó󣬾ԼҲֻǱԿ̬ɹ׬ˣɹҲʧʲô
˭ôɹ 
˰ȷʵӦôӡҶһ䣬ָСӳģȻ͹˵绰
ǱСӳȻ˵Цģʵһˣ߻кü߼ĴΡɽԻͷҲڣֻǱȽϿ
Сӳ˲ϵϸͷҶƽʱһδбķӦ
꣬ӵɴ
ɣѺùϵ

˷ֱ𷢱ԼĿȻġ
ҶôƽǺ£ǰʵͺܺô򽻵ȲͶȡɣ¹ʲôףʵʵΰҶûоԼ󣬰ҶʵĵغĿǰΪֹϼûг
ЩĩУ仯ĵRǣѾΪ˼ξЩССȻûгͻѾ֪˶ˡ
ЩڣҶҲǺõĴˡ
ҲеһðҶЩССȽ ΪҶó
˶ڹע£ûκҵǼٵĵ֤ݣǾֻ˵ġ
˵ֻҪڣLǾԶᵹ׻
ǰҶLǵˣ˶Ӧøл
ô˵أƤӵ£ȴѾɳ̶ȣ˾ȡɽԻͷп
Ҷô˵һԥҡͷ
ʵһֱûгɳǸֻɶѣܱŲţԼ˵ġ
λȽҪһҪҶƹϿУЩҲûɶôˡ
ϰС
٣ҲݺҶ
ҶСãһ¶棬ҶˡͺҸƢŹֵţͻȻɲ˼һһİ


125 
ںУҶѾø߲ʣֻԶˡ
Ū˻ȻˣҲûܼҶհհǸ˵ԴһԺӾˡ
ɹ֪ʱ򣬰ҶǸǼªСԺӾͶʱòƽһɴһʱضָ߸
һϴŲָ˿ỳǲ϶ʯҪؤʯָͬţֻ϶ǲġ
Ƕ۵ģҲᱻӰ졣
ԵҾۼLǳǽ棬Ŵ·ԶԶĳһõֳһȺʰ쵵ģģضƵı춯ʱ򣬶е㲻Լ۾
ӦøЩʦһƽʱصĲ¶棬ĳطǱ𣿡
ڿģӦ˰ɣ
粻̫԰
Щ˲ǾصôʦѧյģٲȻLǵԺɱɥʬǣ⻹ֻͽܣʦģȻӸ߸ˡ
źˣҶҲڸͩһֹ
оԽԽˣҴűĿóǲǲ̫ʣǼҵӦ˵㰡 ܲ촩װɣ˵ֳҲ㡣
ͩ߷һ򾣬צԼĳ򣬡ౣ
ҾԼˡҶԼҲп
ã˺ü죬ҲеͣоȻԼǲԺͶҪƸˣصæֵü죬ƽϸ룬ʵһʼ͸˲һټû
ǹҲصУ˵ԭкֵܶĻᣬֻһֱûȥѡ
ǰֵͦģҶԺҲôˣҪȫԼлţͲǰҶˡ
˵طҶЩˣó
ںеԾ˳ȥҪǱҷ֣ǾͲôˣһ٣㶮áҶó˻Σ˵ˣҿԳˡģЩ򾶼в
һ·ϴҲˣЩ춯ﲻצӷһʼʩչˡ
ܵҲʼܹɱһɥʬɥʬҪõĻҲɱ ɥʬܾͶˡ
ɽԻͷЩͽܵܽչ죬˵и츳ߵĺԭǹˮܣѾܿˮһӲն϶ɥʬĲӣսǿ
Ҳоž޵֣ʱעӿЩţͨȥϵλá
ԭ֣ҶҲһš

ϰ壬ġ˿Ҷһֳһֻûʲô𣬾̲סʡ
ҶͷҲ̧Ǿҹʱ㲻ҳǱ˵Ļ϶ҲɹΪLǲʧܵġ
ȷʵRѾа֮ǣ˵вȥͶͨ˹Ķǲ˹ӣ˵ԵĶûУȵˮҲɾ
ϲЩϲRôȥԼȥ֪ˡ
RϵķͲãλLǲһͷѾܶ񣬴ʱҶô˵Ȼû˻١
ĿУǾðҶͨ˲һҪиģʴʣ˵ԼҪȥĻҲǱ׼趼ʶ
ҲвİҶģؿ·Եеŵʻı춯ûôצģ򾶼鴤ڵϲˡ
ȣʲô֣ʡ
ʰ쵵ĻļŤͷ˿˵ˣδᣬרĵǰߣߵĻֱģز
ԭ˻ЩһˣܹŰҶ ĩУĿˡǾͲˣʺͨ˵ĻԽԽ٣ֲ׳ԺܵõʳԽԽ٣
ҪǱ򾵽ڶûδбڡⶫǲܳԣҲ󲿷ˡ
ĽҶﰡЩׯڣЩߣ϶ԽԽ󡣡
Ǹ˾ô߶߶˵ţһ·ϸŵ˴⣬һȦֱӵ档ſڵˮغԺз 㰲ȫҲֱϷϢ
ģضŶڴǰϣͩıĹȥʼ
֮ģضǼؼңһͷëʮֻļеܵͩǰһ
ͩԴϵһëƮʮص˵ͷüиϴ󲿶ӻȥˣԼȥҰҶ
ౣͩһǦͷڲݸֽд֡
Ҷ˿ɣ֪ˡ
Ȼͩĺܼ򵥣ҶҲֻҪһѡ
·и˸˲һҶʶǸˣлͶ۲죬֪ЩգС
εӦöϿˣͲ˵ˣһǿһһҪĹأǧҪȥƻذҶЦϾҶԼء
˵ҶûٹܣСһæ
հװףÿһֻ࣬ǰҶһ⡣
ſڣ򿪲÷͸һͷԼǰ治֪ʲôʱ˸ӣֺ۾ܴ󣬴ҲɾȻûôܿࡣ
ౣ֪ͩʲôʱܹҶϣӸµؿС
磬Ϊͽ𣿡Сʡ
Ҷ棬Ϊʲôôʣ˽ģԼ뷨
Լ뷨ŶСǿҵİְ裬˵кֲܶеܹ٣ֻҪҵˣְȥǾҺܾúܾáҸ˵ⶼЩ˵Լĥġ
ŰҶû˵СҲûоò˼߾ȣеСĵؼ˵ǰҸְô˵ǶءԸ˵ô࣬лл㣡
ౣͩ
СͩҲЦ˵Ҳлл˵Ŷ
ౣֵͩص˵ͷ
һ˼ҴҳС˿ֿҶʱЩ˼
鷳ˣ⺢ӴСԼûģ͵͵ʵǲ˼ϰ壬ʵǲ˼
Ҷһˣеˡ
ǹϵԭǳˣСݣںСĽһҡĸס¥棬СĹϵġ
ԭСĽһҺ͸ĸСܾˣҶʱû룬˭˵һֻҪǺˣֻҪǻԼԼ֮ǰĲԼˡ
޿ͦͨӵͦ
Ҷʣ㺢ûоܣ
һ²ŵش𣬡ֲܣƽʱѿƻʳ
̶ɺͳƨָӰɡҶЦǸӣŬǰ;ӵСԴ
ǧлĽӣҶŴ˴ͩʣΪʲôǸأ
¶ͩġ
տʼҶҲûͩ˼ͻȻ飬ͩҪ˼һӡ
ౣ̧ͩצԴԼҲе㲻ס
֪ˣֱֻ԰ɣҶҶǺҲͦкøеģͰɣ˵ܽԵء
ౣͩܿĵĵͷ 
һѡʵǺָܶ࣬о˶ʮϧ
ѾжûпôһһذڻˣжûʵĸժˣжûЩɢŴζˣ
ǼûЩʵĳʳˣеȫͷŵİװʳƷһЩڲóԣӵġ
лҪ˵һʱˬӻ᳡30źԺ1ֱӱˣһ춼ûǿ˵㾫


126 
ĩտʼʱͨõʳӦǸѹɣ꣬ľ桢ɵȵȣһꡣ
ȵȣûôԽʵĻľԽ졣
ÿ춼ҪԷһҪһǧӽǧ󿨵Ҳǰ׷ҡһ׷׷ҪףҲһס
ĩڣѾȥ࣬ӽ죬һҪñȽϺãٵҪʮסֻǳԵģҪ·ȵȣܶʱЩҪʳȥ
ڳ˼˵˭׼ʮף
˲֪Ҷǰ׼һʱ򣬳Ҳʮѣ⻹Ϊ˶࣬Щ˼Ҷ׼ףԶ٣ֱȥԷ
⻹ֻһ˵ķҵĶԽԽ٣ȴûӵʱֿ־˼尾ġ
ڻûʱ򣬱ϾҲв˼Ͷڻ˲ٳʳټLΧӵ˼Ұȥȥʳɲ
ˣʱҿĶЩӯ
˾Ͳˣĸհɡ
Ǹɴĸա 
СæȻȺһ¡
Щ˲֪ôģȻʼգı춯Ҳգеľ񫣬ԶԶضŰҶҵլա
Ҷһʯͷϣˣһһһ߿ңȴûпϣȻصϡ
ౣͩҲˣرСسŰҶС
ͩԴҶЦǻǻˡԲҪ̫⣬ʲôɡ
ౣͩԹſţ۾Ǳߡ
Ǹ˳úͨŲĺ·ֻͳ籦һһգ۾ʱʱĿΧûſߣ˸Ȧȥ˺Ĳ
ȫΪ⣬ҶƬΪرԶ˿ǶһƬƬƵģһ۾ܿǣ򾲢ر𿿽ԼҼзˣȥ˯ͩҲȥ
ҶҲȥ߷ϣ쳤ø߸ߴ ԺԼ水һŴҲ˯
Ǹڲ棬ֻգҿ˿һȻóһ
ҶԭĺúõأһͲˣȥĶԷļʣɶ
û뵽ԼˣһϣֿǰҶʱɫ任ΣɫһȻ˵ҪֱӶˡ
ҶȴֱӺ˶㿪Ǻ£ǺҼǵѾ˶ԲԣǵĻҵͷ
ȵʰɣΪ̶ܽ⣬Ҫ־͹Լ̫ţȻʲô¶ûУ
һ죬һڶ˶Ѹٿή׳ͷģ׷ԲԣǾȴǳܡ
·ƵģܹҿƷУһֱǰҶ
Ҿ͵㷢ˣҶҲҶƬ̽Եӳȥ˲丯ʧٶҶƬҲС
ౣͩԶ٣ŲŲܣܵһڰת˸䣬˹
³һڻ𣬻¶ȼŻ棬ɽתһȦֻǶ˲Сһ롣
ʲôղŻ͵³һѪ滹䶯Сӣܿ춼ˡ
ҶһģԼԸˣͩȻԡ
ͩΣӷ硣ĻˡϴصμȻѵͲ֪ҺͩʲôʵôҶһ°ͣһֻӳҶƬɱ򾣬źɽģʵRʵͰɣ
ౣͩ˵ԼæڶﴩһأѶȫոɾصҶߡ
ͷ˿ͩȷʵû֮󣬰Ҷŷġ
ŰҶ˵Ѿ쳣
֮ǰ͵ҶͩʵЩ춯ƨֺʹ̶ɶǽȥˣЩĴڿ϶һЩʵԸҶֻҪæҶܻƨֺʹ̶ɡ
˵ģǳƨ֣ȻֲֵЩ֪õֲǿˡ
ʱд⣬λֻգ飬Բ֡
ȻʱҶͻȻ֣ûбˣǸǧѷĻᣬֿҶ˳ðװ۵ģЩСŵӣһʱЩӣͳС
Ѿˣٴ³һѪ󣬵ȵȣҷųûסԼ̸̸ô
Ҷһ㶣ôҪĲ
ౣͩ嵽ǰ棬һڻ𣬰³Ѫˡ
ʲô˵ڿ˵ˡҶȷûˣ˵
۾һбഺϵķӣʵѾʮˣⶫάഺҹؼʱ̻ܰսϴطֻҪңҿ԰ط㣡
ҲȤҶü
ûܼ־֢ģٿһһҶͻоܺãʱ³һֻֻӣֻûļƤˡ
֪ΪʲôҶȻԼҵļͶ컹ϹӦмɣǻͷҪҪ氡ӿͦˡ
㲻֪кܶΪ˱ᣬ϶Ҫⶾ˾طǸȫˣֻҪ㹻ЩӾͻʮֹɣģԺڵģԼϻڵģߵȻǷԺ˰ɣʱ򴹴ӵ㣬һڵģ
治֪֪ö࣬ԶҶһ󣬶ܱͩˡ
ౣͩ߹ȥ뿴ˣͫз·ǳת˶ſһеͷĿѣ
Ҷ°͵ͩеɧʲôطҪǸɱܼ־֢ߵطˣҵĴ̶ɺͳƨֿˣĪƮˣ
ڵģһڣǲϷȻѹһ֪һܡźɽҪط㻹Сĵɡ
֪ˡҾɱɥʬҪɱһɥʬɥʬɥʬүһ˵һֻСӳ绰˴ߣ˵˴˵ط
ǱСӳӦţһλǰ˴ߡ
Ҷ仰֪ôģ͸˳ȥʱû˷ϣĻ˭˵˭Ҳ֪ʵ֡
ǶԺ󣬾ôһɵӣϵܣҲĵ֪ɱɥʬһɥʬɱһģɱģɱģʲô¶ֻ֪ɱɥʬ
ɱһɥʬϵֱͻƣΪʱս߼ɱɥʬʱ϶ϵܲټͻƵʱͻˣԺһɱʮɥʬٴͻƣһӾɱǧɥʬΪ
Ǹ˲ǱˣǸҶͬĺڴӰҶˡ


127 
ӵˣҲ˳СӳǣҶ׼ȥ߷Ϳδ˾Ȼˡ
ں񣬰ҶС
ܶæȥͶҶˣҲûжԼʲô¡ҶǰҶƣǷֵġ
ҼЪϢɡҶеˣǷˣԼɲٹ¾սˣȻ˾лɳˡ
ݣ֪ҹԼˣֽһСˣĻܶ࣬µظɻȻۣĻš
Сİ׼ˡһɣĿЦҵľȫԭΪҶȻɼӦϲҵģڿ飬󻹲絥ӡҶ׼һֱᣬ۵˶㣬ҪСһ㡣
֪Ҷܵ
źɽͣڸLǵĹϵҲʮģеҲ˶ӽ׵ģҶӴ̬Ȳڰ׼ңȽϲˡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬鰵 ΰ׼ˣҰ֪Ķ㡣
ż˵ҶûȥۣкһæӡⶫóǺóԣ̫鷳Ҳ֪ôģæýŲմأûˡ
ʼҶո¶ͷǣǳƨֺ͹Źֵܣ׼ҿܣڳƨֵӣʱҶƷͷʢ˹
ȻǾ԰Ҷôϵµ˶ˣҲŪƨ֣˭ôСҶȫ˶ĺأ
˼άðҶ϶Ҷܣòƨ֣ӱķ飬Ÿǧ𪡮̸ùǧе
ǰҶҲԼͦܵģܿܿͨһԱؾصѧؾصıҵؾصĳ󡢹ؾС뱲ӣֻڱòһ˶ѡ
Ҫ˵Ϊʲôȴ˵Ҫƺô̵ֿʼ
ƨֺʹ̶ɳٵֻҪLǵˣûвȥݵġ
͸ǰȥƽƵģڶȥټɽԻͷļͽ糿ֱӳȥɱɥʬɥʬʮ־޴ıֲȻǳɹ˻¶ȥʱͳ˵֤ݡ
ֱʱ򣬰׼ҲĶ԰Ҷ
һ˿ʱ򣬰ѰҶƵг˵Ҷ顣
һֱڲ飬ˣʻǰҶƵүүڰ׼Ҽڶ԰Ҷˡ
ҶƵȻʲôûڶŰҶĹʺˣֻʵǰò֤ƷҶͣͱóϡ
ҶҲɵӣһʮĸˣҶ׽ӦϵΪܡ
֪˭𣿡׽ʡ
û鵽ֵΣҲֻҵټѣһɽԻʦͽ죬ڶLǸRǱԣγֶǧһӦʶġҶƵֻǧ𪲢ҡ
׽һ۰Ҷƣǧ𪡭ŬҲˣȥҶ˵һҪ
ᣬҶ˺ѯʰҶ顣
ʱȻʲôû͸¶ҶƵɫϸôʱ䣬ԼȻǿԵģԭҲаʦĻᣬΪҶƵļ仰ûȥ
ʱȻˣȥ׷תõʲôЦͷһǹһˣȻҳ㡣ֱƨˣЩҲϺзˡ
ɰ纣Ļͷǰڴﰲס£ÿɱɱɥʬеġҶЦҲǻǷһЩʳôͷҸ͹ȥ
ллֵܡ֣ص
ķӻڣںϲ±򾣬Լȥʰˡ
ڶ컹ûɱɥʬ
·һõİ󳹴Ƶģһߵףֻ˿˵ˣɵˡ
Ҷ˵֮Ҳȥ˿ȷʵеħɵǾӦһִţЩйƢһ˲⣬ԾɵһԶﴫʱ֤һУ֤һɵЩ˵ǧǧɵ
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ౣ֮ͩɱַɿȥҡ
ҶĶӷŵˮϴɾͩһ죬³ü˱ǵĳƨ֡
ζ϶㡣Ҷٺٵôû뵽أ
ֶӼϳƨַŵĥϣȫɺ֮ٵɫ˱ǡ
Ҷ룬ĥ˲ٶһַŵﶳţȵʱһȾˣһֽϴװܷ⡣
ౣͩȻһ
ֻˣҪ绰Ҷ˲֣һǧͲıˡ
Σ˼ֱֵ۷壬ֺԸҲ ҶÿĶĸоǰֻ֣Ǵ͡
׼ȥˣƺҪ֪ͨLǼ׽ǧ𪿪żɽû绰ǱߵĻӦЦ£˵ôˣ
ȷʵеɨˡ£ȥȥҵˡҶ췭˸ۡ
ǱǧЦ£Ȼ˵㲻ļ𣿡
ʲôµģֲǹŴᣬʲôĸ죬ТΪȣɶģǲЩģһʼ͸ǲһգ˰ҶܹȻҲҪʥĸ滳ôôȰ֮Ǹƽǲ˵Ұ
ҾͷˣʲôʱпȥԷǧȻת˻⡣
˵ҶȤʱӭôǸӣǼζˡˣ׼ɱԼ
ãǧЦŴӦ
˵绰Ҷ죬ֵֹġ
ͩЩʰ쵵ļһץľ׮ӣͻˣڲƤץٺۼ
鵰ˣǧǸһ϶֪ʲôǲ˵ҶΣҪǳúÿҵıƢ͸ˡ
ͩץһľ׮ӣ̧צԴһˣԱߵˮС
˸裬˶ϵˮ֣ıȥ˺Ժ
һӴLǳͣ£ҶȴӳԶĸߴɫӡһֱûϰҶȴû뵽Щ龹Ȼģһڳ
ǰҶļңͦͨ
٣ҿɱ˵ҲǴġϴ˵ʦ֣Ҫеڶƨ֣˵Ͳˡ
߰ɣ
ļ˶ǸҶһɽԻͷͽܣĲǰ׼ͨˣĺܺأսսȺ룬Ž˴ӡ
󹫼ſڲϳĬؿЩ˴ӣԼҿ


128 
ͩʲôʱ㶼Ҫס佾ꡣҶһǾԲܽԣͻᱻӡ
ౣͩصͷץǦͷڲݸֽддġ
Ҷ̧ͷԶȻ˵ˣǧ𪰡
еСʧΪǧôء
ౣͩݸֽǽͷ϶濴Ȼе㼤سŰҶСϳЩˣǸԼҹϵã
֪߲ơҶͷǰ˴š
һȺ˺ƺƵſڣȴû̧Ž
լֹһΣһֱΪҶС󣬹ﹶ͵˭뵽Ȼ˵ĵõôֲƨ֡Ҷƺߵǰ棬ԺҶˮԱϴƹϡ
ԭõڻõģһ仯ûУͬ˶µֽԺӽ仹и˵ķ磬ˮͨءܿߴĲ·ϴҶˣ漸еׯڣһЩѾҪˣĹ֦ͷȻĲ˹
˵ԴҲΪҲֻһˡ
ǸҶѾǲסģֻǵúϺϵʹ벻Ҫլӣ붼ûľܾˡ
ôƵĵط͸ǮסϲĳУãҲࡣ
ҲֻаҶɵĴӦţס˺ܳһʱ䡣
Ҷʹ󣬻£ʱҶСѰ¸ˡ
ڻҶζӣɽԻͷҲ˵۹⣬ܿҶʵԺӣ·𴦴͸
ҶƵʦֵǣʱҲؿţȻиգգ۾ôͨأ
Ũȸߡʦǽؼж츣أֻѰطŨҲͣ㹻ûҪרȥ츣ء

ƨֵĵطȻǲһģǲһ㶼û뵽ɣ
ֹ˵ţҶüһڶ˵ǽٽţ
˵̧ŽԺӡ
ժĻƹˮر㣬۵һѾðˮҶһСͩԼʣµһ룬̧ͷҶƽδ䣬ﲻӭ㣬ȥ
Ҷ£һҪڶƨ֣ͻ谭ʵڶүүҪ㡣е£ҪһԺӵĹȨҶһ˵Ϳһͷʰ쵵ĴеģȻǴδġ
ȻЩСʱǱļУʱģʵ̫˾ޣôƯҶ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
֪ˣˡҶ
Ҷ㲻Ҫ̫֣ʸ֮ģûκ֧㣬ѵԼͲ𣿵ȵұƵ·ٻͷŰ׼ңǿɾѿˣҶЦҲΪԼôˣʵ㣬׼Ѿ˹򣬵ʱ򡭡
Ҷ˵ȤɽԻͷЩڳˣܹͦȰ㰡Ӫ㹴Ķǵ⣬ȥɱɥʬ˵LǵӦܱӱ㣬أ
˵ЩҵҲԴӦҶȻֻһתڶƨ׼ˣṩǵһƨֵǷøҲϡүүҪңԼȥҲÿʲôݰ
լӴһʼҵģҪ̸̸ӮٴɣķӾͱˡ
ҶȻúÿҶÿǾԱȲǧģ԰Ҷϧ뷨ûС
Ǵſڵ˶ɫѿˣҶһ飬ǵžž졣
Ϊ֮ˣʵһʲôЩĻҶ˵ôֱӣ˵йֱ˵ụ̂
ҶҲ˽ЩˣһУ˵תʮ䣬ĨǵĸԼ̹ͣԼ̫ϣ츳ٸߣٺҲרעʵǻѡŪʲôʮĹĶǵ⡣
ɴƹҶߵſڣָſһööҶƬָһ֪Ǿ̫أвǽҾǷΣ
ౣͩչС򣬻˻ӣ˸Ƚϸߵĵطš
ãҵҪôǷ˵Ƣͦ嶯ɽԻͷͽʱ򣬻Ҷйһ֮ԵֻʱҶݵģȻûϳ
Щʵڻ̫±򾣬ǶɥʬҲ£Lսߵһ֮һҲǱġ
ƽʱԵĴõĶõģЩͷԵҲϢĹʦֵܳǣѵʣϽһЩТ棬ʣµԼһ֣ٶģѧŰҶӿ˸̯ӣԼҪĶ
ͷȥһһȥʶ࣬ҲһСϰ塣
ټƽʱţҲ˵λߵϰߣٿҶеӸˣΪԼȰҶ˶١
ЩʦֵǴLǳҶ¹ģҶӦɨӭӣôܰ˾֮⻹أ
Щֱ׳ģҶ֪ǿ϶̶̡رͣһر
Ҳ֪˭Һܺ۸ĴȻˣͶչطİɡҶĲԹҡҿǵһεķϣӺ޴ı˵ʹǰ;Ҳû˾Ͳˡ
ҶȻ֪ҶĹأֻǲΪʲôȻҪˡ
׼ѿ첽߿һԲʱ
ҶŭݣҶ̫ˣҪʦ֪˲Źģ
ʲôѵǶģҶȻȻ򣬡ѹͻȻôȻɵˡҪΪԼĴ𰡣
װģ̾˿Щ˷ģҶͲĶˡ
ԭЩΪʦɹͳ˳ƨ֣ߺ˵һ㶼ҵ飬Լʵ˵һǧôL˵ս۷壬԰ҶŻеġ
ʽȫʩչеȭŹ˵ãĴһţֱӾܱĵҶǰ档
Ҷ̲ס̾ҺٳֶԸˣҪԼҲͦµġԽǳǰ棬еٶȾԽ찡
ޱȵĺӸûأͶʱ¸ĳλһۣʱйˡ
ݺݵˤϣһƬ
Ҳһ֮Ҷһ֣ʱ֪ЩȻţҲˣԼûпɱء
ҶҶܻҲس
ౣͩͻȻڰҶǰ档
ôͩҶƵǺ֪ܽͩͣСצʮַ˵ؼԸҶһϲ
ͩźڶۿҶƣԱߵʯͷצȥץŰҶƵ·˺һӡ
ҶȻûܣ츳ʱ˦ͩȥ
ͩڰвתȴȻһͷһǡ
㣡һĻһ˿ͩǰ棬մ˻ǣ·ʱʧ
Ҷŵóһ亹ͬʱסȥԸҶ
ɿתҶʮֵȻҶŰ׽԰ҶĹĿ࿴ԼլֿɵãĩձʱҶõĴȻô춯Ǹ
ＵʣԹޣ衣
СȱʲôҪȥȥǾԵòġɰҶƾʲôĹʺˣȻƽ޹ʵĵõôô

ҴûŮˣοҽ㡣Ҷ֣ͩͩǼҴ󹫼


129 
󹫼ǼģƢȽϹ֣Ҳӹ̡ܽ
Ҷ˽󹫼Ը񣬴ʱΪȥǿһҲల£ðҶ͵͵˴󹫼ķ档
ҲвŮҴ棬еƢõĻãеƢõĴ裬ͱȽѶԸˡ
ԼﲻȱʳҲ˼Щ߲ˣȻı켦ûô࣬ôҲܱȥ߲˸ժ˳ԣٲȱԺȡ
ǿŰҶĶۺ죬ﻰľҪʵĶûȥԡ
Ҷ⻹ûھܾأֻ̬ȰڳǸͱɫһֲԳ̬ʼ˵ˡ
ҪǰҶҲսżʮḻĴ裬ʱҪˣԼҴ󹫼ɳ˵ȥѴ͸ˣһʺڴͷϡ
Ժ˰ҶƵߣǲ˼Ҵ󹫼㽲ֱӶְ ؼǶֵĻ򲻹Ǹ󹫼
ʱ󹫼ͩĺֱų˳
Եö˶٣ͲһĴ󣬷ɳʱֱǵصģһ˫ССĺڶԺ￴һȦŰҶƾ͹ȥˡ
צ׵˺κα򾣬ֱ¾ͰѰҶƵ·˺˸ϡãٷ֮ǰƵĽһ
ҶƿҪ裬ԭֱ ȴ׷ȥ׻Լ
ˣǵĲȥǿǣΪʲôɽ Ҷ߰ɣ͡
Щʢ˵ˣͷɥˣ԰ҶֹĪܣֵĻᶼûУӣۡ
ҶǱشŰ׼뿪ЩԭϰҶͨˣʱһ仰û˵Ļȥ׼ңǶ԰׽һͼӴ׵˵ˡ
ЩߣҶֻɽԻͷ绰ЩͽܲаһƾˣƢҪȥźɽûˡ
ҵɽԻͷɫѿ
ԭЩЩ͵ͽܣֻû뵽ûü֣˺ˡ
˵绰Ҷ˸״̬Mǵ׼һƨ֣ϵҡ
ԭƨֻLǣӦLҲҶ㣬۳ĳЩ˵ƻ£Ѿʵˡ
ҶҲعأͨˣҪԼһˡ
ɽԻͷ˵ͽܴܶˣҪڶƨ֣Ƿֶᣬʹ˺ܶ˵̬ȣҶҲԼеĳƨֲʲôûҪ
׼ҵĶҲ˼ڻһ߸ϵ̬Ҷһֱ̬Ҳͦ˼ģ뻻˱˿ҶʵͲôˡ
ౣͩڵͼϣҿ
ϸңMʮǰLǣֻǱ߷չıȽϺãԼˣǶУб߷פĩбȽ˵ĳСҶƵĽͣϵMǣȻе⣬ͩͷǿǣдֵĸҡ
ౣͩ˶ٲŲ鲻ԸشӦš
ڣҵͼMǵλãͩ˵ر
ͬʱMǱߵ֪ҶԸҲ
Դӳƨֱ֪в˴⣬ֻǶûɹЩҶﻻض飬ʵLߵļУƨ־㽻ɹҲܴߡ
ҲвٳжڲͣϵLǺͰҶ棬Ϊ˻һЩƨֻȥ
ذҶȻɿڣǵMǵʱMϵķͷLǣΪ۵Ķ
٣λǣMǲԶҪȥͶˡ
MҲиյͽܵǲ٣ʵƨֵûǲС
ϻϴĺöʵĺôͺñ߸Ūƽ£˵ܵÿ첻죡
ҾˣҶӴԺҵżݵżû֮һ
MǷˣٴĸҲ͵͵ڰ칫˷ܵش֣Լõͽܣ⼸ץʱȡõ״̬ӭӳƨֵĵ
Ϊ£Mصٿ߹ģĻ飬ɴһҶٿƵ绰飬ȷµϸڡ
߰ҶոչҶϵ绰
绰͵ˣȥǱߵ˶ǴͨˣһЩȽϸӣҵ˼ֱӷǵΪΪͨ˾ǣξǵսвôչȥˡ
ģԺȻ߲Ͱһǲ׷ˡֶ̾βҰ
ǷֳɣԺҲû취ˡ
ҶÿɷЩ£ֻǷû
MƵ㿪СʱŽ˫Э飬Դϲ
߰ҶҶƵ绰Ϳʼ׼Ȼǽ׳ƨ֣Ȼֻгƨ֣⡣
Ϊ˰ҶԼʶİæⷿĶׯȫˣʩʣ²֡
LǾûзӦ𣿡Ҷ˵Сս˵ϺûɶӦҲ⵽зӦûӦ
ֵôʵΪ˷Ȩǧ͵ЩͽܵȽϴ󣬶ҺԸɽԻͷЩ˵ġĳЩ˲ԸˣȻҪֶηȨƨǷֻǽڶѣҿǲܶǷˣ˵Ϊ㶨ƨ֡
Ҷ룬Щ࣬ǲŹµģǷøҶˣ
һֱġŴЩ壬ʲôģеıȻʼҶ¾ƶסЩССҪǸΪã滹йٸƱҪгͻǧؿŰҶʱҪиܷڵ˳֣һоӭжˡ
Ǹ˱ֶΣҪǻҪҪԴʱֻҪһ仰Ұٷ֮ʮ˵ľ񣡡
˵ֱףͲֱӵˡ
ҶƫƫɶӦûУûƵģMѡˣҵǣǧܸ鷳ԺֱӰM
áǧش
ͩȻƨƵһ߽һĴĳ
ౣܵҶϣͩԼСա
ԺļҲܳԴһֻ۾աеİ಻סķɵǽͷϣϣز棬һȫעա
ҶҲܳźüֱɻʻ
޴ĻľʼζҲҶ΢΢ɴ۾ŷɻ䵽Զ޴Ŀյϣһ߳
ǰ˺ᣬرһͷƵͷƵ¡£ƵЬӣô̫ʱ۰
ͦÿ
ףϵ·ͻȻĶһһͷëףԴرСܳβƵСһؿŰҶߡ
ͩݵڰҶϣŹֵļһҲƽ档
ҶȤЦʣȤӣͩȥʶʶѣ


130 
ϴƵ飬Ҷ˽ҲϵΪԷҲһ
أСϲͣ˻﷢Ҳͷ
ǻĩǰҲֻңͬСɣڵһĴ壬Ҳ֪һЩ㻨˴ǮҸ̡
˼˷ƣпôһ˿ԣֵԽߴ̵߽
˵ΪʼɳΪѣһŪþпزۣһΪһǷȷʵе֣Ǹ˾ָ㣬һ̥ǵĻᡣ
ֱĩ٣ƳɽM
ЩҲȷʵûлķϣϵ·ЬӣͷͨŨԪأֻҪ룬ʱһɽ
Mǳɥʬʱ򣬾ŪһɽΧɥʬȥɱɥʬ
˵ȻMǻ򣬵ᣬСʱгټôҲûԼϵ˵ӵģMرܻӭ
θҶϵϣ˫ȻΧϡ
ƽʱʲôҶʡ
Ǳ߷֪ҶͣʱشСģǰĩûǰȰٻ¶ɽȪˮɽżҲƤ˳ԵĶ֪Լܶԣֻһ㡣Ҹ˵öС
ˣͩأƷʡ
Ҷ룬̫Լ׷㲻˵
ͩӸտʼͳ˳ԵĶһеؿζϲ㣬ͩгʳϰߣըģ𿾵ĶԹ͵͵ȹһƣҶ˽ѵһ٣ԺûҺȡ
ˣͩȵҲ˺ȵһȪˮ֭ϵȵȣƽʱԷҲź࣬ûرԴ
ôһԱȣҶеˡ
ɽԻͷҲ˵Сʱز۵ġ
ͩڿģǰԼȥݶճ˯˴ӷ˯ֱ˯ȻѲƨûС
Ҷ룬ʵʵ˵ͩ͸ƽʱһǳʲô͸ųʲôƽʱҲٹܽڿͦҲΪҼҵķˮȽϺãʱӦþˡ
ҲǡǱߵͷ
ʱ˫һ棬һ˰Ҷ˶ȥֲ춯ﻹкׯڿȴͰҶԼͩԺ
ȷʵǸأǱ޶ʮĵطҪáҲʵʵ˵ѹͩЩҲû¡
ౣͩһǰצӴ˴
е㺦ߣƵ·ﲻ¶ͷˡ
ౣͩһ죬³һ˱ǵĳƨ֡
Եģͩļ񡣡ҶЦŽͣͩ˵ˣμ׼Ͼǿˡ
ŵζԴһѸײڶ֮̽ͷѳƨֳȥ
ౣͩȻܵҶϣСա
Ҷ˲סټСģóŵ棬ڵġ
Ҷͣˣһ㶣ӦҪ쵽·ץȻѾ
۵ķƨ·ܿһɺڷƵ·ƮСһڣˡ
Ҷͩٳó޴һͨһӣԶԶĵطŷ˴졣
ſȥһϢˣڷƨһ߽һ־ʮֻơ
MֻL˵ĳ˳ƨ֮Ӧе˵Լһƨ֣ԲʮﶼûˣҲ̫ˡ
ջǰ뷨Ǹţʮǲ˵ġ
Ӧò¡ҶҼǵиΪʲѡϣ˳ƨֺʮСʱĳƨӣȵʱ ʣһٽˣҶΪˣʣĶǾغһʮңѾˡ
ǻȻô˵ҶŰƴôе㵣ģæȥժƹϺͺܲեһ֭׼š
ڲƨˣƹϽӹ֭ȡ
ʵҲŸԵɽ֪ΪʲôʱŵǱ֭Ȼζررá
ֱʱ򲢲翵Ķڲͨˣôꡣ
ʹ֭Ҳûоܾ˹˺࣬ػعëȻӹˡ
ƨֹȻ鴫ЧͼӰƵллˡ
ౣͩǰҡҡͷÿ
ҶƨѾ׼ˣǿѡɣʱһˡͩ߼ļǣҪ۸˰
ౣͩͷֿһתܿ
հװĺв٣ʵĺȵȣɹɵɣ߲ˣԼڲ˵ûвժ߲ˡ
ס׵ʳյģֻҪһž֪ζһ
MǴ۽磬ֻγֱɻĶ࣬ѡĶȻҲˡ
ȥһȦ̶ɲ֪ܻܲһЩ
Ϊ˶ĹϵϤĺܿ죬ʱټͩĳƨ֣Ǿ͸Ϥˡ
Ҷһ̶ɣоֲܵģʮö¶ԻҪǩЭ飬ܶͨ˶֡
û⡣
۳ʱ࣬ҶЦ³Զٷ߰ɡҲʲô÷ܳԱ
ܳԷȻû˾ܾ
Сӳǲ֪кĻѹоߦࡣҶ˵Ųʲô÷ȴǰѱʣµһŹȫóˣŵʵ飬С裬档
˷ҶѶŴãҪһƨ֣ɷţֱɻ
ͩҲʰԼϲԵζ⸬ζĻмչĳƨָٷֱǰССԴ
һƽʱû뵽ô׽ˣں᲻ءЦлپ۾ۡ
ðҶҲˬ졣
ĿͷƱֱɻҲȥ޴ֱɻɣתȥˡ
صǰʰˣһЩʳģһЩʣﵹǸǰûʲôҶ̱ɳϣͩ졣
Ҷе棬ϾҲ춯ﲻһ ĩǰʮֵġ
ֻҲжʮ˰ɣôôأ
ౣͩǦͷڲݸֽд֣Ҷ
˵ƨ̫డȷʵƨͦġҿƨԭͲʣµĸСˣҲëɡҶ˵˵еˡ
̫࣬ӰУ˵Ӱ
زۣҲⲿԭ
ǸѾʮˣȴ·ûӣٿͩûⷽķգԳƨ־͸ʳƵġ
ƽʱȵҲ˳ƨء
⵹˼ˣؼܻкܶ࣬Ҷ֪ҲǱɽһǶѡ


131 
ƵأҶڴݣͩſֻϲͣĽţЦʡ
ôˣǰСӳæװĿյʱڿʹˡ죬ڴϸޱֻĺⰡ
Ǳ߰װյҲпյὨãǾ͸ˣƱ
ౣͩͷһɤӡ
Ҳʮѵõұͩܶꡣټܴͩ󷽣ǳƨ֣ߵʱҲ˺ܶ࣬ԶԷ⣬ͩпվͻƵ
ౣͩһ߳Ƶһ߿һëĲƤֻë
ǱߵеĽʹֶΣҲûԹ
ܳƸҶϢСʱҲ£һЩʳҼ͵͵һ㣬
ҶһϢʱе顣
ͩһγʱҲĿˮûӰҶҲ֪ϲǶˣҲ˰æʲôġ
ͩԴףԽӱȻҪһСסԲãһҪԵġ
ĿͩҶ룬ҵһɣҼͩСƤ񣬳ɶû¡Ǽ߷ˮã
ܡΪȻ
ǱߵôˣҶͦµģϾҵѣLĳЩ˶ûжҲ֪ʲôڱʲôС
ǲЩǾ÷
Ȼ˵ĵطҺôҺõȻڡ
ȫͻƣ˵ʱۼЩ
Ҷüû뵽ƨֵЧȻôá
ɽԻͷˣĸ˴ĵͽʱ߾ϸ˵ȼɥʬȼԼӦ
һɥʬӦһߣӦʵ廮Ȼһ׶ԸɥʬȴһɶԸɥʬɥʬǾֻž޵߲ܶԸ˵ˡ
ҹϵģԽȼԽߣʵͻԽͬʱ󲿷ҲǱȲͬȼɥʬġ
и˵ıȽҶҲͬ
ͺñȻѹƣ˱öôǿ󣬶ȻѹƣЩɥʬȻĴ ֻܹͻƼޣëǵôž޵ܹѹͬȼɥʬһһģйɡ
MǵǶַˣԭһ۷壬Ըһɥʬ׾٣ǶԸɥʬеҪٶԸɥʬǾֱˡ
ǵõƨ֮󣬵ֱͻƶپ칮̣ԸɥʬȻҲûôˣ˾ܶԸһɥʬе츳õһ˾ܶԸɥʬ
ԹѶ˲ŰҶٺЦ
ɽԻͷȻҲжͽǵĵȼֻ֣ǹģ˵ǳֿڲ˵һûĻ˱ֻ
һ֮ľͼ򵥴ֱˣٰҶһĿȻ˳ԼʵԼŹֵܣԼǲڵȼеġ
ҪǰɱɥʬĻҶɱɥʬΪܹŹ֣ܵĻҶԼҲɱɱһɥʬˡ
ͩɱɥʬȫûѹǲĵȼǲǸһˡ
ౣͩصֻϳߣŤŤһ塣
ſŲ׽Ӳء
ʵܻܲΣʹʦصػظʦ˵дԵܻΣֻǺѡ
ллҶ;ԼֱӦȷģһˣ͸Ʒ룬ҼɣԷ
áûܾ
û˵ǣʦϵʱ˳˵˰Ҷͩ
ʦ˺ܾò˵ǸдԵˡƣҲ㡣ܻڣѾ漣ˡϡ˵ŵر ΢ɾɽȪˮɽҲûʵģڳֹʡȥL֮ǰѾܲˡ
ֹʣʮ껹ţѾ漣
޾֮·ȥLǣ˳ƨ֣ٻصMǣ״̬ˣҲ׳üȦ
ʦô˵ʱ򣬿ֻһһġСһ𳤴󣬸֮䣬ȻѾǸ̶ȣãȥLǡ
°ҶܾúܾԺ֪е͵͵ͩǻľ׮ƤһƤߵϡá
ౣͩڱ棬ŰҶС
Ҷ߹ȥ򿪱˵ɣʲộûеģţҲûСֻͷлȣȻУǲ԰
ЩհװĶȻҲܱ棬Ϊ˱ʱ䳤һ㣬Դӱͱ俪ʼʹú󣬰Ҷ͸ˡ
ౣͩԥΣ̧צָָ⽴
ɣͳҶҲеˡ
⻹ɱʱ⳴ĽԵʱٷŵͺཷһ£ζ㣬ǳʱҨһףǸζˡ
⽴Ҷкҹܷ㡣
ŷҶ˿LǺܶԼģMǺܶԼġ
ô˾ҲӦðѳƨָMǰҶ˿һֻ󻹽ܼأЩôͿʼˣǲв
ౣͩæųսʾ͡
СӦ˴ࡣ
϶ȻûLЩ˵棬ΪʲôңҶЦҰǷϣʲôʱǷٳ
ڳС֣˶ǸҶ򹤵ģʱû˵ʲôҹͲΥҶ뷨ͩȻҲᡣ
ҶϴǷƬ⻹еڶƨֵƬ
ܹЩĶǵ⣬ֱӱԼ̬ȣڱǾǱ˵ˡ
ϵ˶û뵽ҶôֱӣǷ˦϶ǼװûLǿɶˣлͼ
ԭΰҶѳƨMǣе˾Ͷۺ죬ôðҶҲԼͬʱҲLǵ˲˳ۡ
Ҳи˼ݣӦŽɱɥʬɥʬԽԽ࣬ԺɥʬΧǣ԰ҶӦðųƨ֣ҪôʣӦֱó
Ӧ޼ϸһȫǽ˰ҶˣвRǵˡ
ƾʲôðҶóƨ֣ʲô˰˵ˣֲֵҲ٣ôû׳ҲûЩ˰ѹ׳
ǸöҲóӰ
ǷûëǷծǮ쾭壬ǮöǿĸЦˡ
֧Լ˻ͦģҶоο
ʵҲûǷһٶΪ׵Щ̬ܽܲˣҶã˾òͶȻ飬Ǿȡؿʼ
ҶҲû㳹׸LǷֿɽԻͷ˵绰Ƿ顣
ϵǷƬɽԻͷͿˣԼ˵ǩ޴ӷϣҲûϡ
ҴηֿеⲿǷɽԻͷ̾ɢˣپҲû˼糹׷ֿ 
ðǷһҲҶ룬ͷ
ɽԻͷߵ˱Ƚ٣ֻ֮һǱ˶࣬ҶԼϵõġڷֳ֣ɽԻͷһˣĶҲг⡣
ͷͼѹ
ⶫڳҷЯ桢ȵȵӪȫ棬˵дֵˡ
Ҷû˵ȫ£óƨ֣ɡ
ϵƬһɾǻǸҶҲԼ̬ȣҵǴѹʲôˣǵعزǡЩʲôģҲûãɵӶαء
˵ٶ࣬ҲȲϳԱ
лҪ˵һ½ࡣȻֹȻ񣡣


132 
LЩɽԻͷͽǣ淴ǶĲˡ
ǱMǸĳ˳ƨ֣ƽʱ϶ǱţټʵҲȷʵչǺܷġ
Mǵ˳˳ƨֱ֮ӺͻƶƽLЩˣҲǸոͻƶѣ϶ɥʬúüɱҪɥʬܾˡ
ԭ˵ĳߣЩƮƮȻģȴ׳Խˡ
ǰǻ˴˽࣬ԼʵְҶڶƨ֣˼Mǵʵ֤ǵڶƨֵ¶ԼŬ
Щ˶ʱţж԰ҶԹҲɢˡ
ҪץҰ⣬ҶһԺ󺰣
ౣͩڰҶϣҲŴ󺰡
һͷʰ쵵ı켦߹ȥŰҶһȻͷֻȥˡ
ʳιˣͰˮԱϴˢһ˵ܽҪ̣ҵÿŵ㡣ǰЩܳȥܲԶھͲܿ϶ˡ
֪ҶͷҲû㣬̫Σա
ౣͩӰҶźԺӺһɤӡ
һԺ˱켦СͩʼѡʮͷͷѾҪ꣬ȫǼļһǡ
ҶʰһͩЩһȥڵš
һСӳˡ
˳ᣬҶóԼ±ζëͳСָҳԡͩҲ˸ģܹȥ졣
ǶӳڻбݣءиսʿٺЦ쿪ᣬϰ˻
֪ҶҲЦ
Сӳ٣ȫΪҶϵãÿ°ҶСӳƨ̶֡ɣԼ⣬Ҳ࣬˫ϵԽԽá
˵СӳĸҶ򽻵ϾʱҪǻǰһףֹĨǵͣȵȣֻҪɵӣ;ԲͬĹ
ʵΪһпʵ˵
뿪LǸϴΰҶʱƺ˱仯
ЩطһǵռݴƬطܿһЩͷһЩɥʬ棬ûܶȴ
ӱ߽߱ǽǶӲݣɥʬεȥȻɥʬưܵľ󣬾ҲƽӲݲ˵еӲݱ죬׸̥
ԺŻԽԽѣԭĵط𽥱ֲͱ춯ﻹɥʬ棬ЩڻֲҲҪ⡢ʵȵȡ
ĻΧԽԽСССĳУҲֲ̿ΪĻԽԽΣգҲ֪ʲôʱ򣬽ƬʱȫĵطҲʧȥ
ǰҶ濴һȻпҼΣյУ
֪սʿЦÿȥúСĲУҸȻֲ࣬ΣԶǺܸߡ
ǡҶͩЩһĹϵɡƽʱȥ棬һ㿴̫Σյıֱֲɱ
ЩȽϴսǿı켦вᱻһֱڼżͩһܳ棬ԶȥԸоȥ
Ҳ֪ܴͩǼЩ켦УҲúóԵĺƭɶģ߸ɴǿץߣûɹ켦ܻ״ͩҰҶ״
Ҷȥǻ˼ۡ
ڴ֮ԻûȥLǵģĴ󲿷ֻǰҶٰҶᶨɱΧɥʬʲôҲļɱ˵Ƚϰȫ
԰Ҷȥۣǻ˼Ҳ˵ʲô
һֱǰҲĿģԭΧתȦܿҾڵϷֽӡʱ
³֮һҪСģڻֲ֪ľͼһҪСССġǧҪҲѶԸСӳ
ҰҼҼһһҶҲ˵
ౣͩܵǰ棬³ļǷַƨ֡
ףҪǰˣսʿˣʣǰǸɻ֮ŷ𣿡
Ҷڳţ׼³͵ɻٷһΣγԶΣգǰЩһ︣һĶúܴŵ㲻а
Щ켦еģ仯̫ˣһԼƢѡԼ˳۵սʿ
ЩһҲ֪Ǵʲôʱʼɱ򾶼ʼˡҶԼûôע⵽һֱΪЩһܾǼߣóġ
սʿű߸һֱʰ쵵ı켦УżбðᱻѸɱΣյıֲᱻеסܼǰ
ֱäȮƵġ
Ҷ˷ܣͩǰ˳źۼһ·ңܿ췢ҰӰ
ЩԭȦʱѾҰˣһ˺ܶ࣬ĿȥҲرƲ񣬸Ұûʲôˡ
һͷģͷ΢СģǼӰѾȫ£Ҷ۷ŹҺͩԸͷһģǶԸͷСġ
ãսʿһڴӦ
һȺ˴Χֻ֣ᷢܿͱҰ֡
Ҷȶˣͩ
ҶƬ˲ȫҰ۾ͩȥҰԴצӷɿػԿǡͷҰڵϾƬ̺󣬺Ȼء
ϴɱҰûô˳ҶʱĸоԼҲģֻҶƬ˲ѡ
սʿҲϻͷСһҰɱҶ̲סЦ
촦һ£ȥץģҶ
һսʿó޴ϴҰװȥɸζ
ͷҰŵϣȥһط
칦ܹץʮͷҰаҶͩһɱ˵һС롣Сӳ˿ֱ͵ڣҶؼСƳһ˵İԼͩǷҰ
ҲûҪһС룬ֻҪ֮һҲͷҰ
ﻹͷСģҲ㡣Сӳ
ɣǾΪͷˡҶЦʣµҿɲҪˣǡ
СӳҲûֱܾӿˡ
ǻȥ֮󣬰Ͻÿ˶ֵܷ⣬ȴǴСӳ˰ͻȥҶʰЩҰ
ж˳Բ𷹣ﵹáҶôǲִЩˣ
ҶǰųȥץҰҶƺžˣһֱȵڣͲͷʱŰҶ˶ҪŤˡ
һͷͷҰôԺžͺ׳ۣҶûбҶƻ²˿׼Ұ
ߡҶһ˸绰
һСӳһ˸ŹŹֵˣֱԺӡ
ҿ˿һȻǱءôõĵطֻŪЩʵǵۡطøңұʳǣ
֮ǰɲô˵İҶƼˣǰ׼ҵġ
ʲô𣿡䷴ʡ


133 
ౣͩ˷ܵڰҶűȥǸ˷ܰ
ҶҲˣ䡢ӡӡβͣġεȵȶűķźãǼҵıеĶϡ⼸ͿʼܿϣʱͷˡϧѪռĲֻ࣬һǽ쳴ѪԳԵˡ
ЩҰźܴ󣬵ʵܶ࣬⡣
ֱ֮󣬹ͷʲôĵųֱӷŵﰾʣµ⵹Ҳ̫ռط
˶æҶûҶƺ䣬Ҳû˸ģˡ
˾͸˵ԻƵģҶΣɫҲòÿˣڵϿٲ˼£һŹֵ·
Ҷ׵·ʱһ
壬ɵһһУطҵˣܵ⣬ҵĲ֮أרڻǣ
˵ôоô䡣ҶöҶƬ˦ȥ֮Գ˰׼ҵĹΪ̫ߣԸɥʬûһǣͽɱɥʬɣ
ɽԻͷ˵ĩٷ֮ʮŵҡɵȵȫɽ˵ǧѷĺûᡣ
Ũ°빦ͽɱɥʬ׬󹦵£Ϊɿ֦ɢҶֻҲԣЩֶܶԿɥʬģûʸһǡ
俴ͦģϰȻ̫ɱɥʬȻҲûʸһǡ
㲻ҪɫĴӦúܶࡣҶҲǲ֪ԭصĴССߺֻܶ࣬ĩĩɣ
ҶƬء
˺üµ棬ͣغˣƫƫҶƬ͸۾ƵģȻ׷
ҲӣɢöҶƬֻһö굽ĿʱɫһҲŽס
ˣĶĻĶȥɡҶطأġҶƣҲŴط⣬ǰ ûã
ƣҶˣԺһУиӲ
ȴԼӣֻǵһγֶѣвһŤͷͩһš
ౣ̧ͩų˹
ײβƣ˳·̧Ŵ
ץסͩȴֿͩϺȻð棬͵һ֣ͩˡ
Ҷһ˦֣ʮöҶƬ
ֻܲͣغˣ˳ſڡ
䲻иһ۵ĳðҧһڣǵطʱͱ󡣱򾿿䣬Ȼⶫ
㵹ڵϣǰҶƷ뿪ġ
ˣҶȥˣǸ䵹ҲӣһһŵĲȥ˵Ļǡ
û°ɣҶʡ
Сӳ˻Դҡͷû£ǾеΡ
ʲôоʮܡ
Ӧûɶ¡
ֻǰҶЩսʿǣе㵣ġͩûʲôЩԿȥܲ
ڻʲôģҶҲ֪ûӣֻøƴ绰
֪Ƶû£Խǻǿ˾ԽǲӰ죬˵ЩӦ˵Ӱ졣ǵĻҲзӣֻȽѡ
˵˵ҿûа취Ҷæ˵
ܿǱ߷ͼƬҶҳ˿ʱ˿
ΪҹΪ˵ΪΪ
˵˻˵
ɥʬ˷ǹС
Ҷ˰죬ֲʶֻҷʣſʼ׼ɰīߵȶ
СӳǶûʲôŰҰͷҲˣ˹ͷ˹ͷо²˳ѪΡ
Ҷûߣֱϡ
ͼֽԼȥ˰죬۾о
ǰҶһγĶƸ˵ˣܻҲзǷˮأֻҪûа˳ɼʳɹ
񿴵ԼбĴڣ״ܹŹ֣Σһ
ԱͩҲű۾Ϸ·ڳһʺĻ棬һչɡ
ˣҶ͵ۣ˻ԴԼǵˣô۾͸أ
ౣͩҲ۾ȡ
СӳимУ
ЧͼӰͷˣ˱þܶࡣ
ȺܾԺЩ˻˲˵ĩҲߵĸԶλʱ򣬱뵽󷨡
ƲֻۣΪѡ
쿪ʼ⣬ҿǶˡҶЦҹư׼һжǲ÷ϡ
СӳͷȴҲԼĹϵһˣͷ͸Ҷ˵һ顣
Ƚϼ򵥣ǿɹƭļӣСûУ֪ôģ͵һֱ
ĩǰҾǰмӵߣȻҲǴʦݣе̳ĩˣЩˮûãɱɥʬټʵôġ
ûȥһҲûйͽʸֻƵһһЩ߹ٸĹ϶ǲһǿ
֪ԼҪԸˣɥʬǽһﰡ
ȻòżҶ׼ôˡ
е˺ˣˡ
֮һ˽Ҷ֮ŷӦԭΪڰҶǰֱСƣλǶԸ˱޳ܵı氡
ȻԼˣл˸ҶϧĴ
Ȼף׸ͨ˲һǰʱոտమɱģʱ侹Ȼ˸д
ÿҶ֪Ҫ֪˿϶ӡ
䰡̫ˣһǰ׼ҵĹߡҶߣ´Ҫǻұ֤ô׷Ź
ౣͩצӻ˻Ρ
Ҷƻȥ֮󣬵û˵ˡ
ԸҶУ׽ϣûȥҰҶֱڰ׼ңԸʵĻˡ
ʱϵ̫ˣѾ򣬱ֶδѹȥ׽ҶƣȥЩʦֵܶȥɽһˡ
үүǲһԸˡҶƸæ
׽һ֣һLһȥʩѹֻҪLΪУ͵˲
֪ˡҶƻ΢΢üͷû˵ʲô
LǴССв٣һЩʵǿҲ֯ѼʣֻҪʣټˣľͻᷢչ׳
ˣҲױȲɽԻͷµЩͽǣгƨ֣Ǻǲ
ǱҶһϵһļϣɽϴҰҶ
ɵĻ˵ġҶȻҲƨֺʹ̶ɣǮ̫ǸµĶ鶼ʵ͵ôġ
ҰĵǲС
ҰĴҲǰҶͷ࣬ҵҰİ


134 
ôˣǰɽԻͷͽǣһЩƽʱû¶ˣʱرŵˣҶǲЦˡ
֮ǰӦö˽ʲô˰ɣҶʡ
ȻиСƽͷش
˵˵ʲôˡҶȤ ֪ԼЩеʲô뷨
СƽͷΪҶǷˣҲû˵֪ܱȽϹ죬˶࣡ЩˣͿֱӴLǳȥٸʣµ˼еߣʰٷ֮ʮѼʣµĲǹٸġ
ҵܱȽϹ죬бʲôˣж͡ҶСƽͷ
˵Щѵ㻹ףǾܴLǣֻҪ㲻LΪУ͵ǣСƽͷʲôˣҪ𣿡
Ҷ̾ Ȼ㲢̫˽ҡһֻҪ̫صģҶǽѵһپˣ΢صģֱӼصģһᡭѵһټ˵ģҵ뷨ø¿̹ĵĻɡ
ʲôǲв˻𣿡Сƽͷŭˡ
ΪԼ˵Ĺˣҽ˾Ǵ˹ٸڹٸҶĹϵҲٸҶ׽񣬶԰Ҷûаô
ȷҲ˵ĺףҶԲơ
ҶҲŭˣҿ˻Ŷԣҿ㡢ǣǲǸʲôҴûLǣҲûǣԾǽ񣬶˵һӰ춼С෴Ҫңҽϸɡ
÷ϻɴ಻˵ˡ
ͩԴ˿ܻȥŲݸֽôҰǩ
ȻĶһҶҲ̫ˡ
ˣҲҷϻˡҾҪʲôˣҲеϸҵæĸаҶܲͷЩ˵ڶƣ֪ԼλãҲLǱȽϰȫҪûLǱӣ粻֪̲ٴˡ
ʷ棬ҶǲֻӦѡ
ͰɡСƽͷȻٺһЦ·óǺܹŹ֣ҿ϶û׼ܶԸ𣿡
⣬Ҷ룬ûаӦԡ
ౣͩȻһצһϣָָݸֽౣ
̫СƽͷͷһǸ˾ܾǩȻͱͩˣҲˣǱˡ
ͩŤͷСƽͷĘһۣеɻ
ְɡҶɴһᣬûգǽҲתء
˵ףЩ˻̽ĵߣ˲ôͻ᳹ΪЩ˵ĺ԰ԼҶһס
ܺˣֳܱ˿
ҹֶܳı켦֪ʲôʱҲǰ棬ʵ𽥼 һǸոƿûõСУֻֻѡ
ʱƣƿǵı켦ԽԽ٣Ҷ²ٽĳʻҲ𽥼٣ֹıȥ绹֪ʲô
ҾͶˣСƽͷҶеš
ౣͩצ²ݸֽСƽͷܹ
СƽͷŰҶһ˘
Ҷֻͷһ͵һŤӵĸ첲ɹȥеҶƬҲ˦˹ȥͬʱСƽͷҽһ
ౣܹͩȥŘץ˸ϡãĵСƽͷϣҿʮβתˡ
ҹһשȻ׼ȷظĵһͷϣֱӰˡ
ҶտԼĸ첲˵ƤѪˣһ̧ͷͿҹȻˣǰҹûܣЩ˶ߣҶҪѡ
Ȼ󡭡Ҷͱ͡
Ժбļȫ˹ʰ쵵Ĵչǵһ·̫յ쵵ëĹâǲɫģĴצӺץе;޴󣬵ǲɣ¡¡ܹһСɽ׾ٵذ˸ײ
ƿûõֻС¶Ҳҵһ˾Ϳʼġ
еֱܣһü˶ڵϴеĵͼʩչˮϵ𣬵Ա߻дɧš
һͷв֪Ϊʲô׷˵ƨģһӶһ⣬ʮײС
Ҷе
ౣ֪ͩʲôʱڵԺľ׮ϣӸµĿ棬Ȼһɤӡ
Ƿ׷׺ˣϵļһҲܻ
ͷƿûõļܵ죬ҴܵţڰҶųţ۾Сƽͷǡ
ҶͷЩһëûң͸ոɢƵġ
ʲôʱôˣҶ˵ԼͷӦˡ
ԼҳƨִûвҴţͩöپö٣ԼˣǳԣЩģԵĸࡣ
ⶫܹʣųʣҶƨܳȥ϶ޣ֪Լҵı켦ջʲôģ
Ҳ쿴Ǳ仯һһѭ򽥽ģҶ쿴ûʲô޴ı仯ֱǺȻ֡
ౣͩľ׮ȥץϸպá
Ҷ˶ڵϣʱŸոֻаҶţǱͷɢңҲˣݡ
ǺԺĴ󹫼͵͵͵ϮʮֲҪ
ˣӺˣڿԻȥˡҶȥϴ󣬾˵ҲһףҪҪƨֺʹ̶ɣó
Щ˻ߣҶһ˵ؾս
һ棬˵˼仰һغϣͶҰܡ
ϴˣеץˣеǱ˵еıҶӡ
֪ڣǲȻӦҶǲ˵ģǲҪȥƽЩΪԼһˣѾγ˱˶ǲĴڡ
ҶƸӣLǵĴССҪУMǽ׵ʱǶʶҶѾһˣѾΪһƣЩҪơ
ڷҶ֮󣬴ҲûǷͩȷǰҶͩӦҲ򲻹ǡ
ôҶӵеģһ޴ζ⣬ϷְҶӵеġ
ˮۣˣɥʬڱǿ춯ֲﶼڱǿЩССеҪʵҶʵĹؼ㣡
һǱ̬ȣڶ̽ҶƵĳֲǡѡ
ʵСƽͷ˵ĳLǹٸ⻰ǲԵģΪҶƻЩ뿪ɽԻͷͽǣǾ㲻ܴLǹٸ̬ȣҲܴε̬ȣLǵλܸߣ̬Ⱦܴһ󲿷Lǹٸ̬ȡ
첲ϵ˿ںܿϣҶʰԺӣһߵûô򵥣϶εֱʣЩСеӵҡ
ô˵Ҳǰһ˰Ҷп
ౣͩչЩûס
ɨɾԺӣŵſ ȻܵĶ֮ͳһȥԶ񣬰Ҷ򣬼ͩǲף͵Ժͻף͸ֻܵҰһ˫Ҫ֪̽Էʵ͵֮󣬾ͻԥˡ
ౣͩˣʵ⡣
ܵľ׮ǰ棬̧צӿʼץľ׮ӣॵ
ܿǧǱ˵绰԰ҶȻMףŵˡǻΪЩ綼LǵģǣȻһЩֶΡ
ԭˡҶЦΪ̫͵ˣΪҺܺ𣿡
ǱǧĬһʣ֪ԭ𣿡


135 
Ȼ֪ҶҲ
ǧ˶ٲ˵ɡLܹʮҹģȽϴʮСͶ飬ĸСģľͲ˵ˡЩÿ춼ڻ̲ϣԽõĶ飬ԽһںƽʱȻֵĲԣǸĳܻһЩ򹤵ˣǳɹˣ£ʧֻ뿪
Ƕһʵҩ
Ժ󻹻ᷢ볹װֻһ취Լȫڽ¡
Ҷû˵ǧ˵˺ܶ࣬ԼҲ˺ܶࡣ
˺ܾõ绰ûйҶϣҶʣǲһֱĿģ
ǣǧû⣬ܸɴĳˣһֱڵ
ΪʲôҶɻ
һֱû齨ԼΪͦãҲʱܰæȻ߲嵶ĳ̶ȣֻҪҪæСӳ϶
ǧĳ̶ֳϣҲѣٰҶһֱôΪ
Ϊסļҡһ޴ɽ˶ڻ񣬽Lǵں֮ȥɧ㣬ܻRǵе˺㡣ǧͩҲܴ˻֣춯ʱɳΣ
㵽ʲôˣҶȻʡ
Ҳƭ㣬ڻ˵ʱǧ
ҲͬĹ۵㣬ԸѰæҲԸԼ齨ʲôҶҾھͦõģRˣǱĳˣҲûʲôúµġ
ǧ̾˿Ǻðɡ
˵绰ҶֻȻµ˾Ȼܶ࣬еĻɴԳǰҶֵµˣҲмܵģǺĽϵܡϵܣо˵ǼѧĹԼĺЩССϣϲҶͷˡ
ҶԼ룬ԼȷʵʶЩˣҲûʲôôôͱأ
˳Щ˵Ϣһ·һȶʮָߵӣһˣǧǿ
ϴ󣬰ҶϾͲö˵ˣ֪Ŀ϶֪Ҽ壬ϴģɶԸɥʬɥʬҲܱӵǲڻ£
ֻкĳԱҪͨ˲ܻظӣ߻ߣ˽İſ
λи˺ϴ󣬴Ҹȥ
һǧǿģкһӦ
Ҷȥ˿СƽͷϺԼִ һʼȷʵмӦģǺܿͱǧǿ˰Ӷˡ
̲סЦǧǿʵȷʵû£ϵս˵ڶû˸ҳƵһ޸ǧǿøʰ·磬ټǧǿȻһЩˣս͸ǿˡ
϶ǧĲ룬ֻȻң߾ǼҶʵп϶ᱻߣ͸ûзϡ
ౣͩݵڰҶļϡ
ҶһִڶһŹӿģ̵ߡ
һʰ쵣ƯĴһ֦չһЩȥֱҪϹ˵۾
ϰ壬ҶʰˡСܳţƳһֳ
ҶڳСг̵شӣɽLǴſڡ
ЩССưҶĲƸͨ˵ЩңԶǶ룬֮ͨյ֪ͨڴſڣŰҶˡ
ϴξ˵ȥɽϵͨˣʱֱѡУӵĸߵ˵ЩǼ˿϶һһʰ쵻ᷢ⣬͸ƵģرţǻǣǸоֱ̫ȫˡ
ҶǼúܺÿҵһοֱۣӶЩ˶кܶŻݣһЩӽڵİװʳﶼֳ⣬ϸ֮úܱ˵ļ۸ǡ
ô۾ֱģ˵ĶģҰ
ǰ˶ˣΪĸ˵һģһֳͻأ⣬ҶȷʵúܺÿŵĴ񣬾ǻﴫ˵һ
иŮſţͻȻˡ
ôˣҶ߽˾䡣
һֻΪĩֻоЩ˻һһ죬֪ͻȥѲܣҲûлйʵˡЩž޵ҲĵȼߵɥʬͻȻˣʵϣǰֻǶûȥעѡ
ûҶҡͷʵһ־ͿԳˡС̫ģм䰡
˵ಢûʧȥʧٻԴһĴڣｫ϶ΪΨһľ֮͡ŮҶƽ׽ˣӴˣչȥ٩٩̸˵ʵûãҲСһɥʬҲûɱ
ŬȥѾܺˡҶ˵ɱɥʬ;ɱɥʬɣΪ
Ů·õ裬۾ģúʵǧǿµ˳Աһֱ༭İҳϲͩ˻ˣ֪ɲԣ
ԣҶ
ۣú˵ǧǿƢҲܴ󣬾ȻرϲɫñӣϲɫñӣǧǿñսɴˣѾѧƬˡ
Ůһ·ûͣ˵Ҳûֹģ˵Щ¶
ʱҶ֮ûֹΪǸŮҶƲһ˼ҲûôĨǣ˵ˣֱΪǸŮĹϵǧǿڵġũһٶĳȻ˱ȰҶͷĳ̶ȣԱզࡣ
ʱҶҵǧǿʣΪʲôСũǧǿдʣϴиũҽũЩ˰һ£ڻʲôӵһũĶ
ʱҶֱƿԣôũϷչ׳ˣʵоȻҲģСҶҲ֪˵ʲôá
Ϲأҽ֮ǰȿĹذҶǿʵ⣬ҪĿõ㡣
ౣͩ
ųŵģضӸһβͬһǵڶʵǿֺÿĴһԭأԵؿͩ
ͩȫΪͰصʼƨ֡
ౣƨ֣ͩ˻С
ģضӾͶתƵߣе;뿪Ȼ׼ȥ
Ҷĺ𾢣ģضǶ뿪ˣſʼѡ
СԱ߽ܣ׶ǽ½ǰʵģСȻǴۣҲ½ǰʵģžŵϰ˵ˣֻҪˣһ⸬ͣҲ½ǰʸġ
ӲκǷ齵ͼ۸ġ
ʯƽΡ񶼿ԣŶҲУֻҪ
ԺûЩô죿ʱȻа취ϰӿ϶һֱšƨֺʹ̶Ǳߡ


136 
ƨֺʹ̶Ҳȥü
õƨֵʮֱĲڻһΪѻû뵽ôʵݡ
һأˡСش
٣ֲܳԣ˵һͷá˺ٺЦ˳ƨ֣ȥҵܾͻƣɶʱͿԳȥˡ
ܲôûǼܱӣСʵ
˭֪Ѿˣġ
ҶԱˣʱͷһ˵ôӣûЩ ԭΪ
оеŹ֣˼ҼȻǧǿģԼҲԹۡҶֱֲӳ˵ԼϴֻñŤŤİжС磬Եġ
ЩߣҶܿûտЩеûˡ
ЩڿΪЩ˳ҹҶ˺ܶϣ˹ڷۡʩʡˮģ˹ȵȡ
ݣг棬ҶͩŰ༦ֵı񣬰˸ļС
ҲˣֻҪ˲ŵ㣬Ҷÿ·𿴵ɾƵĻһ¡ⶫײͬѰȴܹܲҹҶǰͨһһ顣
ֳһⶫÿ죬ҶصѡĿٳӣųһһ磬Ҷϻȵ¿Ҫĸµʱջ
ֺͿӵС綼æСҲҶŸɻټϰҹæ죬ûճԣڰ׶պãƳԲԲĹȲ״ʼɹ
ؾô󣬻ûЪصʱ򣬰ҶָæкʩʣϺ
üе磬ˮȻǻۡҶ˰ϵĺɽЩǺúЪϢһ죡
ǰҶũһЩ˵ũæʱûճԷֻŵʱпóԵģһֱú֣ũæʱۣΪʲôԵóԵĲأ
ȵԼľ˵ʱ򣬲ŲòϣũæʱȷʵûճԷ϶ţ̡ԸţҪؾԼҺ棬ûջԷ
ЪϢˣҶصȥ˸սûõᣬֱӰʮ⣬ʮͷŹǡ
糿һ࣬һ۲˽ӣŹǡͷɶĶˣк⣬㳴ˣٳһ٣⻹㣬ڶųԣĴ⡣
Ҷɳϸпֲũæ֮ҼһóԵģǵúúòҪȻ̫ˡ
ౣͩҲɳϣ¶ԲĹĵĶƤ
ݺݵЪϢü죬ҶھԼѪˣȥ
һοŹ˵еĹһһҲܽǹӹҲסһҲסҪǿˡ
վʹ߷ܣյ࣬ôĹӶסˣʼ
Ҷ˿оɱġ
ԽԽΣգڰȫ˳ԵҲԽԽ٣뱻ֻ취ҳԵģһѡ˵ģһѡʣµһ׼ȥƴƴ
֮Ϊи˹ʺˡ
Ҷһֱ׶֪ˣҲòпһȷʵˡ
˽ϣҶеĨǵĹϵš
ǰǰ׽ߵıڣСʱܶΣЦͦµġҶҲ͵͵ǳԡ
涼˵׼ַˣ˳LǴȥֱȥһһҹֱӳ˳ǣȻײõֲܣͻƣǶϵܡ
ҶҲпѹڳǵͻȻˣҪܵõֲǿһˡ˵иУ˵շıҰޣսǸжһġ
˵ǸҰԭǸ˼ģֻĩɢء
⵹пܡ
Ĵţټ٣ҶҲ˵˵вš
ֻû뵽ǣǸҵɽϣҵҶҴſڡ
Ҷ룬
еӱû̫仯ʱ֪ǲǾܵĹϵϿŸƵġ
Ͷ㡣Ͽżɽ
ҶҲûľܾҼﲻȱˡ
ҵլӵһˡϺȻңȽҾܣͿͶ㡣
˵˵Ҷæʣ̻˵ʲô 
û˵ˣʱҺֻһΡѾˣͻȻ׼ȥòΡǾûŻ˭֪Եɺϣҵõһһ̵ֱֲ֮Ӿܡ
û˵𣿡Ҷеʧ
ԴһɹʼоͨլµĶܶͬѰƽʱõľʲôģǴ˽ɽһ˵ǶǵĻټϷҲ˵ǷˮأҶ͸ȷԼе뷨
ɽԻͷҲ˵ƵĻֻʱҶû̫⡣
ڻԼһжլӣԼЩ춯ӦҲйأĵطĸʲûô
ǸԺӡѾģ̣ҶֻԽԽ棬룬ͩǲҲйϵ
°ɣ滹һŷӣסҶ
LǣĳҲ
ȥԽԽ࣬˲ûô࣬ǳбƵҪôշҰ Ҫôõֲ
ûֻҪץҰޣܳѪܱڳŶԽԽá
һǵԽԽֱ࣬Rǳļɥʬǵ٣ֻʣЩʵĶҳˡ
ʱҲǵùRиСܲÿγɱɥʬѼʶŪһЩֱϴƵͼƬȵȣļɥʬС
ϵƵѸٳΪţӦķƵ
ҶҲſ˿νļɥʬ˵Ҳ̫׼ȷӦɥʬսֻǲ֪Ϊαһ壬սǸСûзΪͨɥʬŴ֮ˡ
ãƵҶȻӦһ¡
гƨֿҪ죬ʱеһȷѪꡣϴνֻǶɥʬͰѲǽˣֳɥʬʱԼزܰȫˣ
ƨֳƵʲ̶ʱҶ֪ġ
ֱæͷˣҶںȻãԼӦرҪ˵İæԽǿԽá
룬Сӳ绰鷳ǰ׼һ£ҲMǱ˵ˣǻֱɻֱӹ
ɥʬҶҲܵģοǱɥʬġ
Χһֱɱɥʬÿγƨֳ죬涼ܳɥʬʤ
ģϴ˹ȥСӳҲء
Щ춯ֲȼɥʬԳƨôִţȻǶҲкôĶҪƨ֣
лҪ˵6ſʼ6k^^ˣǰˡ


137 
һɥʬҵǿԶԸҪһ˿϶СҶأǰƨֿҪ죬Ȼ˰ţɥʬٶ̫졣
ҵֲõԵɥʬͬҵɥʬ࣬ҵĻ󡣡Сӳǵĵ飬Щɥʬֲ
ֲ𽥳ɣû˷֮ǰ죬Ǿͻкܴļʱɥʬ춯ɥʬɣӶõ
ҶĳƨȻֲЧÿֲÿγô࣬ôҲΪ
˭뵽ı仯ԽԽ죬⧲
ౣͩҲߵǿ׸ϣͷžۼı켦ǡ
ЩһССУͩذȥѳƨıáʱıѾʼ𽥱࣬ȫıƨ֡
Ҷֻǧ绰
Ѿ·ˣҪȥҳԷǧδŲ䷹˻в Ӧܰæ
ϳڲ棬ʼնɱ֪ʲôطðһɥʬ
Сӣ槼ǰæ
ҹҲһߣȫװͷ춼̽ͷ̽ԵؿƽʱĸᶯϹҲسںԺ߿
ֱɻ¡¡ɢž޴죬ƴ¿ʱһ
ǧͬʱǧǿҲˣ԰͹
嵱ǼܳԵķͰ槼һܳԣƢһ㣬ټǧǿʼʱûкúð壬ǧǿʱ򶼵ȡ
СʱܳԳԲȴ޳࣬ЩģضӲ̫ࡣ
ϴ󡣡ǧǿҸɽԻͷ绰ˣӦþͲൽˡ
ƴصҴ¿LǵķûɥʬķȫɥʬһЩٶȻܿ죡
Щɥʬô񣿡Ҷһ˵ǵСӳѾɱɥʬжɥʬӶʱ Ȼ˵ЩɥʬǴʲôط 
ƽʱΧҶᶨɱɥʬˣСӳǧÿŰԶһɥʬɱ⡣
߾LֲǺԶԶĵطһЩƫԶĴӣɽˡ˵εɥʬôŶԣƫƫÿγƨֳ죬ɥʬɱôɾǶɥʬ
ǧԱˣøոͻȻƨֵһͷʰ쵵ļ뿪ȻﲻסˣҪȥɳѷ㣬Ȼ
ü᲻ǳƨ֡ˣ
ֲҲֲͨҲмʽΪֲһ
ԭƨֻ﹡ԼѿҰӣΪƨ֣ھǶνҶҲûпܡ
۾ųƨֿ
һγƨֳ죬Զûô󣬰ҶǵʱƨֵĹѿһ죬ۿɼ϶ձպϣ㣬ƨֳ죡
ʱٿȥֳƨּΧűǰǿķ϶ƨֲƺҲ󣬱еֲ΢һĸо
׼ʱҶоǧΪʲôһ˵ͶԣƨΪʲô׽
ӦĽˡҶء
ɽԻͷˣڴɱɥʬǧȻЩﲻæȥȫĵطţҶҪעⰲȫ
ȥɡҶ֣Ҷ𾫣һأÿ˶гƨ֣
໣սʿǺһɤӣԴļҲ໽һɤӡ
ԽԽ࣬еѾָϸĳʱڿвͣŤһСߣһſƨֵķ˹ȥ
治ͣбײǽһɥʬԽԽ࣬ɥʬҲˣɥʬٶȸ죬Ҫϡ
ͩŵӣҳȥǡҶ濴ۣȻü
СӳսʿǶߣȫǶ˶ԸɥʬУҪɥʬˣ߶ɥʬ࣬˶Ҳûá
Ҷ˵ų嵽ǽǱߣ·ðıȫ˦ȥҶƬסԴɱ˳ȥҶڲȥö˹һɥʬ˵ҶƬ˦ȥ
ʼʱ򣬳ƨֳ죬ɥʬȻ῿ǲᶯǾֹģֻгƨֳʱŻôǰϰڳƨֻû죬ЩɥʬѾʼôǰϰ
϶ǳƨֽĽ
СģҶָſҶƬɳȥͬʱûһɥʬԴɥʬȻء
רĶԸɥʬĵսʿмؿ˰ҶһۣͶս
ԶɥʬҪɫڣϵ·ãԶԶȥȻͨɢһҶֻһ۾;ͷƤ飬Ųͣسȥ׼ɥʬ
ˣΪλؼ䣡ҶһеҶƬ֡
ŤͷԶȥƴһȺ˸ɥʬɹɱɥʬ
СģҶǱ߾Ȼͬʱɥʬ
ȻҲˣȻǰȻʼ䶯Ƥһκ״ҲȥȰҶӻҪСһЩȴܲСצһ̧ϵ˲䶯ĸѸ١
Զɥʬסȥ·ƴΧȥ
Ҷ˿΢ģһطɱɥʬɥʬ ܹŹ֣ҶƬܻûɥʬĺ۾ɱһɥʬһöҶƬ㹻ɥʬҪöҶƬɥʬҪʮöҶƬҡ
ķǿɥʬ߶һɥʬҶҲһҶƬ޵еġ
ǧҪ£ǧҪ£Ҷ߶
ԴĩҶմɱˣǶǸɱ֮ˣΨһͻȥRǵʱиսʿҧˣԼһ
Լʲôˣýæһ
ָоһɽѹڰҶϣأѸ٣۾ֻܿ򾡢ɥʬЩΣյĶѾ
һ״̬ҶԼ࣬ſԲʮڵĴڶһĿȻ׼ȷز׽ɥʬɱ 
ҶȻӦҶƬԼ죬ɥʬͲĴˡ
ҶƬ죬Ҷҿ˿ַ࣬СӳǱƨ֣ɥʬǶɥʬԽԽ࣬е׽ˡ
˸䣬Ҷȥæ
սʿѹټмؿ۰Ҷû˵͵üͶս
ǸңҶһɿسȥ
ɥʬ̫һҶϿģRǸСαļڵɥʬ
ڵϣ澹Ȼȣ첲һ첲Ӷƿצزͣ裬Ҷһġ
ɥʬͷ֪ʲôѹѾĿҶֻһزӣԴӦڱĵط
лҪ˵ӽ쿪ʼ6k11һ£8һ¡


138 
ౣͩƨ֣ٿԽԽԶİҶеԥ
ȻƽʱԼС⣬СܣκεطȥԼдҵбһľУصĶҶȥ
ͩҲҶĻǴδʲô
ౣͩǰһųƨ֣߻֡
ƫƫǳƨֽĹؼʱ̣Ӷû졣ͩСԴƨ֣ٴλͷҶ
ʰ쵵ı켦Ǹַ裬צӡնɱ򾡣
еĽ󣬳ͬ𣬻ʱնɱ򾣻ееצʮַ
ıٶ࣬Ҳûκܿƨֵġ
ౣͩٴ̧ţ³ƨ֡
Ƿ϶ô󣬷ɿų˿һգһֱƨֲգֲ仯ڼʱԽԽãɥʬҲԽԽࡣ
棬ѾһЩɥʬ￪ʼЩڣɥʬɥʬٶȿ죬ݼ񣬼Ƿʤ
ҶѾ˦ȥԼöҶƬǰαļɥʬûһöҲ࣬ʲôӦûУеż
㣡Сӳ翴ҶԼƺԸˣصؽ˹
ˣǱѹ˻޷˵عˡ
ڣ԰Ҷˣ
Ҷһ㶣͵ĺˡ
ǰȻһҶе۾ܿǸαļɥʬը֮󣬶Ķһֻֻ۾
ǧֻѹְҶɱһöҶƬҲֻɱһöѡ
Щĺ٣ʱȻɢˡ
ǺˣҶ˦öҶƬסǵ죬Լȥɱⶫȥɥʬֲ̫һҲ֪ǲǻȻ۾еĻ˹
Щ⿴ʵͷƤ飬ҶȻͩһѻȫˡ
еͷͻȻоһļ¡
һͷȭͷСҶоԼͺǱʲôаĴڶƵģȻá
ܣЧܣ
þȫҶҲֻ΢ת飬˦ԼʣҶƬֱ͸֧ܣɱֻȥʮа
ûܳɹ
ԴûëԼȥȻе˵
·Цһ£Ҷֻһ񺮣ʵ̫ˡ
ȻһƮɢҶиһɣƨڽɣͬʱʵ죡
ౣͩһöƨ֣ȻתڳһĻҶȴû
**
ҶȽϺݣҲεıȽϲҵˡ
һֻһˣʱҶټʱڰ칫¥ǰĹ㳡ɻȥӦƸˣҲѰҶ°ߣСӳǸߡ
ڶLǽǽʱЩһʼҪ°߰ҶĴ󹫼Ҷѵһ٣ҲСӳˡ
Ϊ˵õ鱨Щ˶ܹ̣ٺİҶͲ֪ˡ
㱼俴ЩȥһطͶ죬Ǻܿ챻һ˴ߣǸطкܶǵء
еڴֱǽϱܣƽأеϥǸߣץԣеڲ̣ͣߣиСŽ
ļƤððҶֻʮֶġ
еʼɱʤ߻ûüʤĹʵͱɱ
ȥʬ屻ߵԵջԽԽ٣ʱȴб󱻷Žͬʱˡ
ˣ񿴵Ѫ⡣
ǵصӿȥ˲Ǹû
ֹһˡ
˶ˣֻһ˱ɥʬûб̵ʬ壬ʬȴһֹʽ
Ҷ֪ǸαļɥʬˣǸŹʵҧҶƬҲڷɳȥ
ǸӦˣȴҲʧȥʶ
ҧɥʬɣ
ڻûνƳɹһ˸Ⱦ;Իɥʬ
ҶʲôĿǰ˵ֱ췽ҹ̷Ϊɥʬֵԭ򲢲ǲҲϸ΢˵
ֶҵĻ϶Ҳйϵ
ڰҶԼһ֪⣬ЩоԱܲܽ趨£绹õȡ
ԼɥʬĻɣ
ҶˣԼôţƣôΣյĩҲǻһ׬һѣҪƽƽĻǼǲ̫ߵԸˡ
пܻɥʬ߱ɱûôɥʬ
ôɥʬһʲôĸоأ
ʬ忪ʼãʬûʶֻɻѪܣεؼ䣬ԶûͣЪʱ
ƤãųӲͣߣ¶ɢܵĶȴһ˳֣Կǣȥ
ǵͱɥʬѻµѪȫԹ⣬ɥʬ
ɥʬ
һһ˵˵ģǲþܾû£˯ˡǿģб仯𣿱һĵı˰Ҫˡ
ߣǧǿ˵ˣһСȫѹ
ǴҲʣǶȥɡؽˣ֪ˣģһжҵյС
иڶੲݵ˵ţҶûԼҺϤܰԼ
ѵǰҹɤӺˣԣûͷɤӺˣҲ׷ô
ȥҶȷӦôû
Щ̫ǧǿϸѹǣȻ˵ĲãǼôɥʬΪǹ𣿰ǵֶͷðͷǺ
Ȼ쭷ԣ㲻ɣ
ҺģЩʱʱȴͻȻúģҶ۾ȴôҲ۾
кܶˣкܶˡ
Ǹİһֱߣδ뿪
ҵ°ȻĻ϶СҵҺޣʮ˳ʮʽ
ģҶˣʼԼӦ顣
ЩмѭΪɽԻͷͽʱһԸӡ
֮以ɱձٰѱۼջľֻҪܸͨãܰԼı춯
ǸΪϵܺãȴûע⵽Լ˫ȵѪⶼûˣȻȴû˫ȡ
ʱ˶ַܸȤҪá
RƣLǴӦսֹЩ󣬵ʱҶȫɱˣΪЩҲ֣ɥʬ඼֣ʵ̫¡
ͷǡǣβ͡βͣ˭Ҳ֪֪жܡ
ֻϻֻϻܵÿ졢ܵÿ죬ֻǹģֻǹģɰɰ
˺ϡ
գգҵСѽСƻ
ȥȥʼڶԶнǴδ뿪
ҶȷԼûҲûɥʬֻȴѲ


139 
֪˯˶ãҶֻ֪Լһ۾Ϳ϶˸ˣĺܰףһͷ߰Ľ𷢣һСرֱֱ̣ţԸҡҲԸ⵹£ʮְۡ
ౣ
ˡ
оô
Ҷ΢΢üԴһŽ˼ʲôúҲ̫ܿǰ棬ʶڰѰģС
ʮӣ΢һ㣬Ҷͷһɵˡ
ӳڶʮ꣬һֱƽ󣬶Լ˽⣬ûб˸ˡ
ˡܴ꣬ġ
ڱꡣ
žӿ˿ӦǳбҵϸʱģʮոճЩۡҶǵԼϸеʱȫͬѧŮкü ֪֮Ҳû
ڿžԼҶɻ󣬵⻹ҪģҪΪʲôԼ߻һûˡ
˭ҶǿԼ侲
ౣ
ͩͩԴҶЦһγɹˡ㿴ҵӣϲϲ
˵ڴǰתһȦҶ
ʱҶŷǰ˳ʮָߴ󣬱ǰӶҪߴ࣬˵ʱǧ𪻹ÿƤףͷüëëǽɫģеŹ֣һëʮۡ
ʱ׷ʲôҶ侲ʡ
ͩͣתȦԭؿŰҶҲʣϲϲҵӣ
ܺÿҶ佱
ȻеȷͩˣΪǸССͩĻ϶ô˵
ǰͩżԼССĶ񣬾ͻתȦҶ佱
ǣССͩתȦȣҶϲǰôˣȻúܺÿоȫССͩһ
Ҿ֪ϲҵӡͩչϣ͵ҿ㱻һֻҧˣ嶼ѪҵʱһƬհףֱӷ˳ȥҪ㡭
ʶʱͩ죬˵
ȻǶʮ֪ıͩöࡣ
ﶼ츳ͨģǿ֮ͻʦͨЩ춯ܵͼֻǱúǿǿ֮ҲŻ츳ͨء
ҵ츳ͨ
ౣ
ʱͩͷӦˣԼ츳ͨӦǻ
ҶµʱĻܳñκʱҪǵأաײ˵Ҷϡ
Щһֱȼգȴû˰Ҷ
ģҶ徹ȻԽԽСԽԽСȾĶȫʧͩϵĻҲʧˣҲˡ
ԡ츳ͩٺЦҲմ˹⣬ءȥ濴ǼһǸǰһء
ѾȥˣҶԼϴźܺʵ˯£Ȼǻ
漣һòȥţΪǵˡ
ʱȻʧȥʶȷԼǱֻҧģܻɲһ㣬ڱģü곤ȥǡ
һ꣡ͩ룬óֻ˿ȷ֮Żش
Ա˵һ꣬԰Ҷ˵ֻ˯һѣԺİ軹Ǹǰһ
Щ켦Ѿܽб켦ˣ඼ˣȫǼӣһʰ쵣е·һ
ؿϻı򾣬ûЩͱնɱʬ嶼û£ֱ
ҹӺԺҶ󣬼Ķϡ
ˡҶЦ㻹ǸǰһáֺǱأˣҹȥ֪ˡ
ݣܳһƴСܲײײıһˮܵҹǰ档
ܲװ֣ͷϵܲӧˣһͷī̶̷ϴźȫ·СЬӣ첲ȶźƵġ
ҹ룬ָָҶߡ
ܲתҶֺ֮ЦЦСܹݣ
ɣҶܲͷοãԺҪŬúó󣬱ҹ֪𣿡
صͷ˻ԼСȭͷ
Ϲӽ߳ŰҶһ̻ȥˣǸǰһģһ
ȴ˺ܴı仯
ԭſûˮصģԺһ·ڱˮأԱ߻и۵ƿڵ롣
ŲߣҾ͸һáͩͣܰǿء 
ԶķӻǸǰһģֻڵԺӱ仯ͦһǲڵֵָĸֽȥһʮʵӡ
ҶۣǱȥ
ҲˣһһĸֽȥֲǴܹȫࡣ
ԺﻹˮأͣһװȻˡ
ҶͩԺӣ˵ûͩš
ɵļǮǲˣҼǵϴһƬడ
Сϰ˵ˣκˮ٣ˮ㣬ĺɸʵһֻƬûļǮǵġҪӻԱܴۣǮˡСЦŽ͡
ǹ˵ɡ˲ӣ׻ûУʵڲСҲУ㡣
˼׺С׶ûˡС粻Цˡ
Ҳţǿ϶ŵģõҡҽΪ
槼Сһղԣ溰һɤӡ
ĴϴҶŤͷȥͿһֻ죬Ĵ񸩳һ·˳ŴŽҶ֮󻹶˶٣žֱɵ档
Ͳߣ
ºݻת
ҶͿһԲʷͷܳȵĺ߳
ǺҲſڵİҶˣʱ۾һСޣӰ඼û԰ɣôֵطС˰ߣʱɾͲôƯˡ
أ˵ٺЦˡ
ȵȣҶüס
뵱ɴû˸˵ƯȻڱڻûҲûԼôΡ
٣ҰҰҿû»סСޡŶ㻹ͬ鰡ҲϸƤģǻǿɣطһ˶һ㣬ԵȵЩͨһӣȺȫˣܿЩ񣬿ɱõĶࡣ
ŰҶ˸תҪߡ
ȵȣҶ˻㲻ʲôҪ
ǸҲ֪ôģȻȾܡ
ҰץͩĴܳȥָͷôһֱŰһˡ
һõģౣ
Ҷ̲סЦˣ౵ģǿͷƵġ
ұͩץţŤŤ壬ȻȫѲˣɫʱˣ۲ʶ̩ɽ˰
ûˣڵҶ˶û˵ֱʣղҪʲô


140 
Ӳ°û̷𣿡Ҷ΢΢üһ仯ͦһǰֻҪСӳŪ̷ۣҹٸǱ߶Сرա
Ͼĩ˿ָ³ĺӾˣΪδϣ
ǶûˣҲҲߵȼľ˻Ҫ󡣡ҡͷҲطҵʵʳҲܲŪСףǸܰѺ
̷أҶʡ
ҺȻü˵Ҫ̷۵Ȼ̷ۺã⺢ô֪˼伲أ׼֪ɣLҲǰ׼ˣǰ˸ӣϧ̷ۣĳҲˣûҵ
ǶѾɹȥʽٳˡȻӳѣҪ͸ˡ
ԽҶԽ϶ûԹ࣬ĺܺãʲôӶ֪
ܹһֱŻãһͻȻӴĻֱӻһˡ
ֿͩͷӲӣüëëҲӲӵˣ˵Ųʱ֣Цʱ򣬿ȥеɣЩ˽Ȼͬ
ԭĻ䡣
ص̾˿֪ΣգǿȥǵһɡҪȻʲôʱΣտɾˣԾڴˡˡ
ҶŤͷߵͩ
ͩһ죬ౣǸǰһģһȥöرɣ˸ģ²
Ǽһ̷𣿡Ҷʡ
еĶûԭʲôڻʲôͩЦҪҸһӦºӺȵģ̷ۡţ̷۶СʵСײֿУǵġ
ǵ̷ۺСװɡҶ
Ѿߵſڵİ˵ĶԻӲͣסŲֱת˼ؿŰҶͩ
ȥˡͩչղ˲ҶգߣҲ
ͩԶҶԼǰİңʣ㾭
ʲôˣҲѿڶʵ
ֻǸȥеɵҪ̷ۺСףǰҾǷ˼飬̬ȿ϶úõ㡣
ɿһȷʵֻطʳżܹһЩҪڵİװʳƷҪϴʲôģ׬ˡ
ǰӵľӪģʽģȻڴ󻷾һֻҪǳԵģ˭ܹûڣȳ˵ҶǻСѿҪڵĶʰдֱˡ
û뵽һȥӻġ
˵ľɥʬģҶȻ뵽˵Ļɫʡ
֪ǰ˯һ꣬Ÿոֱ˵ֻи߼ɥʬоˣٵļϡµɥʬûоˣǶֱǮã̫ϡС
Ҷû˵ŲԶдֲżбðǰģȷʵ仯ܶࡣ
򾿴ȥɫڣϻһڽڵĻƣ͸ݸӦҲøӵˣ±򾡣
໡ȻһͷչΪ޴󣬳βɫĵطĴŰҶظ
Ťͷһŵûɢæǰ׷ԲƢܲã¡
û˹𣿡Ҷüϳһˡ
˭ҹܰҲʲôطҪǱ°뱲Ӿˣ޶ûطȥ˵žҪڰҶǰ汣
ֻʶĶԼ϶Ʋ°ҶԼܡ
û¡Ҷߵǰ棬ǰĴԲô˯ҵдĻпʼѧϰ㲻ڻäɣ
ʱƨֳ죬Ҷԭĳƨֶ׷ԲԼôЩýһЩĻΡ
ĻˣͲôҰҲὲòĶࡣ
Ϥһ㶣ֱӴˤŲˡ
Ҷǰһţװ
ǲ۶Ӳˡ
ҳôãͿ˯ڲŷǲǲʶˣҶָſҶƬ̵ָĴһйҪȻҶˣ
ҶƬ·ҶʼóģȫǿݻƿݻѾȥҶƬ
ԹڰҶǰ治ˡ
ˣװʵҶҶƬԴ
һǰƢͲãҲӹ̣ܽҶԼ϶һֱԶһֻǿֻҪǿͱصı䡣
Ա߿ˣӲؿڵϣȥĴٿһȻİҶͷһξԼӲˡ
ˡͩһƤɿܹڵϵĴ񣬺˵һô
˯ˣҡҶ˵Ҳ⣬ˣСм
Сףһ̷ۡͩ¶ܵҶţ˲ţƶһģһģ͵͵ȻȻһЦݡ
ǰССͩҲϲôͷ̫СֻڰҶűߣ̬һģһ
ϲģϲİҶӣڻû䡣
ȥɡҶлл˵ô໰
Ƥſڣܿװ̷ۣϴװŵۻƵСסŵһɵС㣬̧ͷҶе㲻š
ҶͩûͣԶ
㵽˭ںʡ
ҶͷۣԺ֪ġ
ڰҶ˵ֻѪ㶫ѣڰ˵һл·һһӶû
ȵ֪ҶͩݣֻӦˣ˱˵ȥɽϵӣɲɵ˰Ҷ̷ۺ½ǰʵСס
˶֮Աǣţʵ㼸仰Ĩģ
ǿˡҶ˦ҶƬ
ҶƬٹűԴֱӰԴ룬еҶƬҲǰǿˣֻ˦ȥ֮󣬻ǲơ
ȥǱ߿Ҷ
ౣͩ쵽Ҷǰ档
һ㶣ʣզ
ǣѽ˵ȻֹǽڷƤ𪣬ܿɫѪܣָ޼ĺ룬͸һĹ
Ҷ̧Լ֣Сһţָܳ
סС֣һǰߡ
ģ䣬滹ǲȴ׳ĸֽ滹һЩͺɫѪȻһǰȻ
ģҶһ㶣ô£
еĹʲôӣھͻʲôҵĹӿȥСࡣ
Щȫûг󣬻ϮͩڰҶ󣬵˶§ڻ
ڵİҶͷССģϸһ¾ȫڻ
ȻˡҶ죬ÿϵߣֱǰ
ֲܻڣұøǿˣʱ߷רעδͩе㽩壬µЦĴչ


141 
ĴָСۿɼٶȳ󣬰ȭͷСһȭͷСɫıƤȾһ죬˿ʼ£һ඼ķۺۺ졣
Ҷϲ⣬ǰֻܼд߷ҪԵǸƹϣҲһϲܴ߷õڶժԡ
ԼôҶƬӦ˦ǧöˣ
ժҶĽŵɢζʵˮˣ־Ҫժ
ȻҶһ
ôˣͩҲ׼ժӣͷġ
û¡ңӳ֮ЧáЧԺ˵ժؼҳʡҶ²ͩժţСı򾡣ǱߵƻɶҶ߷һ顣
ɴָܣ߷
еĹһ飬ЧðҶϲԭûб仯Ĺ֮󣬶Ѹ
Լ䣬ҶӦˣһ䣬֮Թûκα仯ĳ˯еϵˣԭȻȻĳô
ԭֲֻͨȻıѹƣȻҲ᳤
˵׶װӲֱӻؼҡ
·ϵı򾲻֪ǲŵˮζðĸ࣬ȫͩ
ౣǰƿţðҶٹš
ҳ޴裬ˮȫϴɾҶ̧ͩ
ɳϵĹ򣬰ҶпԼ֪Ķ
һǰܶණˣû䣬仯СģЩǼĴһжûб仯
ɳԭģϰڵĶǰõģĶƹӣҶϲá
õĻһǰֻҶƳͩŵĻǸֻ̲סüкܶûùֻǸµá
һµİɣͩչҶһɳϣһģòã
ҶŤͷӣ̫ȻŤУȥá
ǸˣԸȻǰһ
ǵԼڴܱͩˣҲᶨƵܱˣˣǸǰһ
ͷ˿ԼСһȦ֣Ҷ̾ܵεӰˣǰ΢Ĳһ
Σͩ²
Ҷ۵þС
Щֻʼڹٸ¥Ǳ̯߰ģʱⶫֵǮһʵݣֻĶһһͣǱ߰Ͷѵֿһֱڡ
˵ֻһģһһȫ˭˭ġ
Ҷֻ׼仯
ͩȻڡ
ʲôҶʶ̧ͷ
ûʲôóҵ档
Ҷ룬ҲͩƬַǰľֻҵͩǰƬм򵥵ĺϳɣȻҲó档
ȻκͩеŤҪǸǰƬŵһž˳۶ˡ
ǰͩССĺڶۣܿʲôУ۾ͫ׺ܺڣҪǶſֻᱻеĴ
ϻʲôϢУټ٣Ҷ㿴˿ǷԼܴἰĴܶࡣ
廨ŵĶΪڲܱ٣ҶԼᱻ󵼣ûж࿴
ȶ˽˽ٿϵĶУҪЩʲô߰ģĳط֮أȥܾ֮ܣĳĳĳˡ˺ˡ˵ȵҥԣӰܶжϡ
ɨĳ㤵ı⣬˵ʲôҵõĴУһͻ弶ܣһ졣㤵ı⣬ҶʧЦ
ӻظͦ࣬Ҳ֪ҵȥʲô
ҶֱӺԣ¼Լ˺š
һ̬Ǹйأ滹һССͩһǰ棬ڷ׵Ƭ
ѾʮˣҶֵ㿪ֱۣһ
ǲϰҲûá쵽׷ʲôЩƨ϶֪һˣϰгֹôˣ氮п϶ЩҲֻϰϰ˵˵˭֪
⻰˵Ĳԣʱǧǿֳڻϻƽũϴ󡣿ӣҲϰûˣ
ǼȻϰ廹ڣΪʲôǧǿԴ˱տڲԣ
ıһ£᲻ϰûˣĶֵ̫ЩΪռЩѳϰ廹ڡϾֻҪLǵˣ˭ûȥݹռϰĶҲԸⲻԸ⣡
󲻹ķڸѾûйϵҪ󡣡
ʵҶɵӣп϶
ҶȤǰ˷Щ˸һʱͻһûǲ֮
ҲΪЩ˵ڶûзԼǰûЩʱôС
뵽ԼڵӣҶûģֱӷһ״̬Ϣһ꣬ȻˡԺٸ˵ûģĺúõء
״̬صֻ
Ҷһ̧ͷͩ濴Цʲô
ÿ㡣ͩЦشչҶһš
˼żȰȣɳѹȥһ飬һһСȻҲͦг
Űҹ֣ӵСҶкǳƻ
ֻаƴ󣬱ǰͩһ㣬װֵģڰҹĴϣһСУһŪǺɫ֭
ݣŰҹС
ҹֽԼӹȻС
С˹ݸҶ
ÿճҲˣƽʱĵģһܵĶͦġ֮⣬ǰĶǶûôЩǰҶĶ
ָ˵ϵľҶҲյˣ
СһȦİҶҲеĪ棬ۣС绹û̫Ӧ˵æӦĶãҪо˶
ⶫҶͷһμ
ɥʬĶӨ͸ٴﵽ۷գͻᱬⶫԼҪǮһĴˣֻֻ̫࣬ͨ˵
һδȥЩ
ע⵽Ҷߣ͵ܡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷкˮ
ڴҶѾ֪ܵȼԽߣ˿ȥͻᣬ״̬ҲãȻڲŹȥ깦򣬻֪˵ûб仯ձ˵ܵȼԽߣ϶ǻԽá
ҶԼƺóǰĽˣܵȼôܹܺŹ֡
Σ˵˵𣿡ҶȻʡ
˶һ٣ʶͩ
ҡҶ֪ûƭ ϶бĶҡ
ͩϵЦһ壬ѡĬϡ
ҹ˵ʱɱֳĬɸУСֶһۣû˵ջʶ˿˿ڡ
ڳ˵·쳣޴ʵجΡ


142 
Ҷһֱ˽ͩһǰûεʱÿѶиСҵûɵʱرԡ
ƽʱͩԼ飬һЩðҶ֪żͩͻѡ
ڵͩǰͩ·𻺻صһ𣬰Ҷ·ܿǸۻƵССӰִٲһ˫ڶСؿԼҪȴֲ̫ҵӡ
е˼һ࣬ʼʱҶ֪϶Լ֪ġ
Բɫһֱȵڣ΢˽һʡ
ôԶʲôҺܿ𣿡ҶͩϤģ̲סЦֻǻûãġ
Ǿ仰ǶͩĽͣûҲֻܶ
ͩصصͷٴο
ͩչ߷ɣȻκСǵأǿɥʬȫմԶLǵ˿ΪͻȻֻơ
ܻȻû˵ˣȴûܿ
׷ʲôˣôͻȻߣʡ
һսʿش𣬡ҶΪ˾ǣǡߵˡ
ͩ㲻Ҫ嶯ǿҶΣСӳΪҶ죬ǰҲͩĹ죬ʱ
ʱԶòܹͿı򾿿ͻֱȥɥʬȫɱڳƨֵʧǰոϡ
ͩССӰڻ﷭ƺѪëȼմƤ⡢Ѫȫȼա
ҪˣɽԻͷҴҸһ۾͵˵һ컯úÿţضֻգʱĲġ
գΪȵҶ塣
ͽǣڰҶߣרעؿ
һûüɳΪϲӡ
ɽԻͷ˿Ļǣ૵ˣҶȻ£ֻǲܻˡ
Ƿ񣬵һ
ﻯˣû֪λεġ
ĳƨҲֻһ磬Ҷ˯֮󣬳ƨ־ͲҪҶӻɫ ȥ·һ̶Ҳûٳ졣
ͨׯٶȶ˺ܶ࣬·ŰҶĳ˯ҶŻĳ˯Ƶġ
Ҳ֪ô˵ģУͩ룬Ҷ͵
Ҷȴ˵ͷӦɽԻͷĻ
ˡֹ
˵ɣǲǰ׼ǱߣҶֱһѪ
һǰҶεÿζŰ֣ʱҶĳְߣԼ˯һ ֪Ϣ׼һ֪ʲô¡
׼ҶѾˣطӦǵġϵ
ϵı鶼̫ÿȻ׼ֹһˡ
Ҷ֮ǰֻʱ򣬵ҲһЩ׼ҵϢͷͦʢ
ϾȻҶûɶֱӹϵɣRǵLǵ˶ӲӲƵƵⶼΪ
׼ǿиҶʳϣҲմһĹ⣬Ҫٵլӣ׼ҿ»ᷢչԶֹڵĹģ
ţֻ˵绰ǧġ
Сĵ㣬׼мҪȥɽϣϾ͵ǧԼֻҪҧǽţѼı춯ﶼǲ
Ҷ룬ֻݸҹ
ҹ⣬Ӵһʾ֪ˡ
Ǳ߹Ҷϵ绰Ҷ͵͵ǻǰǰΣ
ౣͩҲ²ͦá
˶ûѸ׼Ҷ۴ӣû˳ԣֱһҷˡ
ζͺ𣬳ɿڣַ·Ũʵʵڴӿ
ѹֵͷ˵ڻʱգȻܽΪӳůĸоҶⶫļֵӦȳƨֲ
׼֮ôΪϰҶǸ״̬Ѿ񴫿
LǷչĺãѹRһͷľ󣬸Ҷǧ˿ƵĹϵʱLǵ˶֪ˣ׼Ҳܻ֪
һȺ˺ƺƵĿɽҶ
ڴſͣ£Ҷƿſڵ룬һ˿̰
һ˵˿ǧ꣬Եɺϲܶɽٻԣһϸȴɽһء
뵽ǰҶƴ֣ȫˣͷĻȥ
ҪΪ¾LǺˡ
֥С۾˿һתȥԼ׼˯ˡ
ⶫȻû֣ǲǡи׼ӵ̲סڡ
סڣǲ֣ܳҲи֡ҶЦɲǰˣֲ鲼Եǣûгƨȼս
ڴʱǰĴŻ򿪣ԺĴš
ǰ;޴а˸ߣͷ϶һëϵĴëʻƸһһ˫۾ʮԻĿˣʮʮıӡ
ָĴУһǰƿǵı켦Уڻë׵ģҶ˯Ƕټˡ
С̽ͷ̽ԵĿǰ棬֮Сߴߴţʲô
ҶͩͩСǷ롣
ħˣʲôʱܳݵǰ棬ǰ
Էʳúó壡
ѾԺܶ˰ǳʲô취
ǰһͷͷ΢ĴȻתС㣬Ǻʱǰ˵ˣҪռլӣͻҲռУкü˶ǰ׼ˣ˵ȣ
ߴߴҪŪҵĸҶģˣҲ֪˭һӣ
˵ǰϴϿεʱǲûĹϵܸӣЩһӦ˶͵þЩʣס𣿡
ƺǲǰ࣬ͷСиæͷ˵ˡ
ĩβСûӰǰĴȫֱӵؿˣͲ˵ˡ
طǻ ҶǰһץһѾˣֻҪǵͷЩǵģܰǽȼⶫҪپж١
ҲоˣСһߵسطܽȥ
ҶϸضСı鿴һȻ˵ǲ뿪µ̫ˣҪôߣѵط£ҪôþЩ춯Ǹߣʱǿʲô
㡢̫СݺݵһԼĴȣɫǺ첻˵ᶼˡ
ݼǰֶҪ
ֿ˿һȥǿɲͨ춯ѵ㻹֪槼ʡǸЩΪ˵Ļ
Ҫȥͱñǿֻо˲ǱǿҲֻЭοһȺѵܱ˸ľҪж٣ڳ˭Ķ


143 
治ζʮر𣬰Ҷȥһг룬Լһ룬һݸͩ
ݡ˲һֺһƹϣССڵؿš
Ҷ˿ӵݹȥ˿ӹת͸ҹԡ
СӡҶʧЦ
ءͩһ߿Ŵһ˵ЩһǶˡ
ҶҲԺЩʰ쵵Ĵܺ棬ŷ뷭¡
ͩͿʼ롣
ǰŵĴƺˣðҶǰһһŵĴҲ࣬󡭡һСëСɲôֿ࣬ʼС
ԶˣŵζŶ
ǹǱߵζҸǰȥԹӲݣҲԹҶӣɺóԿɺóˡ
ףԹҶûԹءɶζģ
֪ɶζӦøƽʱԵϲɣǶȥůģоܺŶ
ͷߴߴĽţ𽥱ȻĵʮңѾǴʱೡˡ
ǰĴ̣ûסٴתͷѹС㣬ҪǰĴǰǿ޵ģ
ǻᱻ𣿡СнһӣȻе㺦ˡ
ô֪ǰǵ˼֮ǿ϶Ầµˡˣ˵ˡ˵ţĴһۣǱ߰ҶӿС
֪ΪʲôҶܾôʵҲеԵġ
ֿһӣЩһôʹЩҪȻôվƻˡ
ġͩҲԱ߿ӡ
Ƕ̫ģǰҶûʱ򣬶ܰѰҶƸƻȥοڰҶˣǻʲôҪµģ
СʮӲֱ˵ٲߣҾҪﳤ绰ˡ
ҶЦ֪Lйϵûչ㡣ǲҲߣռһʱ䣬û⳥ͲˣŲߡ
Сüô˵Ȼ׼
ȻˣǲֱӶˡС槼
ţȷҪ֣ҶЦЦȻһֳ֣ˣһܿߣȼ͡
ҶڴüЩ˶ǱİɣǧҪٲֻ˵Ļʧܵġ
ԺЩʲôԸ񣬰ҶǶԸЩǿԣԷ̫ˡ
һǰ߻ǼߣֻʦɹõĲŻսǱȽã˾˿ܣټֲ֣ڿʼȼӼ߱ɼȡ
ɴҲܿǽҶĳ⣬ôҾͿıס
ôһ鵰⣬һûӦʵЩͻ˿϶һϾֲгƨ֣ôʳô춯˵ԴҲΪ
Щô㣬ΪҪǿ
˶ˣռطˣóɡȻ˴󺰡
Ҫǽ뿪Ǳ֤˺ǣΣ
Ÿ׼ˣҲֻɵӲſʽ
㿴ƽЩֿг֣ǶͨˣôæҶҲǺαأ
ûаҶռطã
ʮ㣬һ߹һȫΪҶѾˡ
ǲҪ̫æˣСȻ߶ͷ;޴ëʰ쵵Ĵ񣬵ܿһһĸʮ䡣
ɵӣܸʲôô˳ЦС
СɫǺ죬˵ˡûûУ
٣ûһû¶棿˵ɵ㻹ϣһܵõʲôҿǺϻʱĶƽΣ
ǿףƨֽɹǱҸһһͻܵȼʱ㱣֤ɽѣȻææģǧԶ˵󣬵ڳ˶ˣԺˡ
󻹸ǧǿһͷԼа˸ߣβקڵϣë޸߹Ĵ
ŵ˵ζȫûܿ⼸ˡ
һ̧צӣԭǰÿ·ǧ˳ͨǰ
壬ɱɥʬļɥʬ£ǸļɥʬԼˣƢܲãLû˸ǵı춯
˵ǸǧǿģƢ൱󡣡
ôˡ
ԵļС˵ţȻô˵壬һᷳı鶼ûУĽı춯ҪҲܵõǻǺߣ
ǧС 
磬ôôˡҪٽһЩǧǿǧСũԼ˳LѰһԵȥˣڴ󲿷ֶڣ 
һɽϳͻ٣ǧǿŪûƽũҲߣպһȥѰֲȻԵǿٻæ
˭֪ڹϳ£˵ϴΰҶƴŹȥãӦð
ңǿ׳۲ƵؿЩˡ
˱̲סˣLƢ𱬵ļһûǡ
ǿףͲⱨӦ𣿡ǧǰ
ǿױɫǺ죬ǹŲ˵ʱҿɲ֪ҶѾˣңдȣҪ֪ҶʱˣôܴӦæ
ǣ˭֪ԺᷢʲôԱ˰ǻ
һЩΪ˵õƨֶŵˣʱ˶㣬ǧ𪿴
ܺáǧ˵ͷû˵ʲô
õģӦòʧܵġССҶҴſڵû¶棬ֻҪֳܳЩôǿҲûõģ
ǰô£ǧʡ
Сҡͷ֪е֪֡᲻ߡ
һʱеأҪæǵʱ˳ͻʤʱ˵ˡҰҶ߶࣬ʱҪǱһЩǿɶʧ
ҸɽԻͷ绰Щͽܶ棬ϻMǱҲˡ׼бӦΪҶϵ˺ŷһ״̬ǧ˵浽򲻵ѵٲþ͵ˡ
ǲò뿪Ҳð׼Ҹۣ
ǧǿæͷϵ齻Ҿͺãϵһжҵƿ֮С
ģһǰûʲôѾǵӣǱʮǿֵ»֡
СԺİҶƵЦˡ
׼ȷʵΪҶϷǸ״̬ʱ̽Ҷû֣ˡ
ô
Ÿʲô֣³֮Ȼʡ˺ֲҶƴһȳȥ
ǰĴûжӺӳһͷɫĴ󹫼໵һɤ˵Ҷϣһڻ
ҶȻûܣʱһֻץŴ󹫼צһֻóʲôԼһģǻεϸһ


144 
ɱ˴һҪԺӡ
Ҳǧ˹˻ѡƿǡ
ҪǴӸ߿¿ͺܿǧƵģһӶ·Ǵ̵ʯͷһ
Ȼצӣץסһˡ
Ǹ˶ʱҽУſңſңھߣ
ң岻мؽһצ˵ĸ첲
ҪľҪø첲ֿƣҲɽĳƨ֣ҲǸ˳ŵȴ𱨡
壬ɵƯǧǿԱ߹ľ͡
һ徹ȻôײУʱƵȦӸǷԲԼңûˣγһյش
ͩڳӣ˲˵ౣҪæˣ
ҶͷҲӣãҲҪȥæЩ˼ȻӦ֪ԼĹء
ǾԼˣػǲġ
Ħȭƣ׼Σ󶼵ó֣ԿԼڶԸЩ˵ʱûбøϬһЩ
ౣ
ౣ
ౡ
ԺԭеҵĴǺȻʱȫˣ͸Ŵлôһ˿
ǰĴȻڿն𣬾޴ĳǵһչԺϿתȦ
￪ʼγһתķ磬ԽԽʣµĴҲչҡֱϡ
ͷëԷɲСҲתɷա
໣мĴȻһ
ĴŽУ
Ժ⧲ץתצ ʩչܣֱӵԺ档
Ҷſȥʱһ
ԭצúõˣٿȻûһõģٲȻˣ˲ˡ
ǰĽŲһ٣ʱȴ˱ץϵĴһ֮ͬӳԺӡ
ҽжûзĻᡣ
ߣϾͿҪļܣȻ޻֮ⲻܣһ߿գһ߲źۼˣϴЩûô
ǧ棬ͷϿңʵȻĴ
ǰǶǸΪսȻҲܶԸޣô࣬ҪǻǰĴ򷨣϶ᱻӡǧüôȻǲָӣ
Ǿ仰ʵ壬Ȼûȥ
ҲԴգֻǲûиŷȥǧǿ߿˿΢Щ
ˣҲǸСС
ౣ
Ӧ
УȫûгɹĿܣߵˣҿܣ
׼ҵ׸ʲôԵģȻ鱨֪ǰһ˲˵Щ춯
ۿãԺȥԶԶؾܡ
˵ţиǾʵЩ춯˺ȫǵϡļƣ¾弶ˣҲᱻѪŰ
ô̬ĴڣΪʲôڲó
Ҫһʼô̬İ˵׼ңLǶ˸Ҵɽϵ⡣
СϣһЦݡ
Ҳ֪ЩȻǰŶԣˣӦΪҶˣͩ˼˰ɡ
ûܴӦԽնɱɥʬһս˫̥Ҳ׷ױӵԺ棬صҵǶѵùϡ
ӡ
Ϊҫ㶫ǰõ廨Ȼҡһ䣬˳˵İֲ̫
һߣѾΧˣȻȴ󺰣˭ߣѾΧˣ
СӳҶˣСӳĿôУһڵصLͨ
һƻĺǳ׼ܵ˸ץŤͻ
ҶµʱСӳʹæȻ֪Σȴ֪Ҷ϶û£һҲһֱᶨ̬ȡ
ԿἺˣһ컯ٲȻļ۷ߣлԵͻ弶ȫ߹ʱ򣬾һޡ
еµˣˣû°ɣСӳ濴ǧˣֱӹˡ
ǧͷû£㿴
룡Сӳһÿиùı˵ӳصˤڵϣҲˤĲᡣ
ԺϿЩĴʰ쵣·ʵԵУûëСжܸڰл裬˱ץʱҲȥһš
Сӳ̾Ӯˣ
ֹӮˣ滹һ浹ء
˶ӳмĴȻ쳤ХĴҲŽСӦǺ̶ܴȴˬࡣ
ˡҶɿ֣ҲûҵֵĻᡣ
ౣͩһˡ
ҶǱ棬Ȼһ֣㻹ڵʲôڻ֣
ոȫ׼ţҶȻͷԺͷ֡
Ҳ֪˵ʲôɫҰ׵
ϣôˣȴʲô㵽ʲôˣ˻ϣҶƴ󺰣֣֣
ֲЦͷӣҪ˵
ʱСȻݺݵĴһȭСӣԸȣģҽǴ㲻ɣ槼æ
͵ĿС磬Ҷصͷ
ĳ֣˭˵ԣԲѾѵ֡
˵ԴԼѹ˶Ƿĵĸˣֻֿȥֵֹģȴԭ͸Ҷƹͨˡ
Ҷҡͷ̾ЩˣӦûôäĿŶԡ
һϵ·Ȼǰ·ҲǺոµ޲ѣϲĲЬôһһ߳
Ҷǰ棬ͿİҶ𾪵ӶҪɳ
㣡˵
ǰӽʮ꣬ҶȻҶСʱ򡣻ǵðҶôʱͷձ̧ͷˣڼС͸ѧϰҲһ㣬κεطġ
ͨͨˣʱİҶһȻµ˲ֱӣǻˣޡ
ԭӣǸǰȴˡ
ǰҶҶЦЦŰҶƣҲ˵һҲڱչضѣǣˡ
ʵϣû˺üꡣ
ʲôаǿ𺳡
Ҫ˵ЩܵȼԽߵ˿ȥԽᡣĳвиͷ˴Ե弶۷壬ԭǰʮͷڿž͸ʮƵġҶҲܵȼѡǧܿ췴ӦҲֻ΢΢һܿ͡
ҶЦŵͷ
֪ǧ㹻Щ¸Ҫڣǧɲµ
ౣͩӺڰҶŴҽһ
˶û壬Ҳ֪ͩʲôˣʱ׷׾ɲؿҶٿͩΪİˣʮر


145 
ܾúܾǰҶǵԼͩʵ˳εģ
γɹȻҲǼ֮컯ع㣬һ֮ˣϢˡ
Ҷۣľˡ
ģûĿΪӣҲϲӡ
ͩͩҲͣһֱڱչأڳˡ
˵ĻLǵĵֻͨߴɽϵķԣȥȽֿڣһLΧҪԶһ˿϶ġ
ǰڴЩͷ棬ЩͷҲϲССͩ˵һЩʲôģ˵ĶʮֵصķԡƽʱҶڼ˵ĶͨСӳ˵ҲLǱߵͨһ˶
ͩѧ˵صķԡ
һͷˮû̫ͩĻ
˵˻Ҷ̲סеЦôشʱ̣֪Ϊʲôһͩ˵;ȫûˡ
ͩͩ˵һ飬LǱߵصͨˡ
ˣҲ֪ҶǰһҲͩԭӦú˻ɣϵ֣ʱûȥ룬Ϊͩ˵ĵصԡ
֪ΪʲôôƮƮͻȻ˵ԣȻֽӵĸо
ЩȫҶ鵭ģ˵Ļȴǳ棬ǼȻӦ֪ҵĹأ䵽ʲô³ҪԹҰ˵ˡ
ͩóҵ̼رʣӴܳȥ˰ǩ
еıĲΣʶڣװԼȥˡͩǰ治ˣٺЦ£һġ
װԵˡ໡һɤӵòǩ
ֵǿ׵ʱдԼ֡
ָܻͩм֣ǿ׵֣Щ˶ùǵĳƨ֣ô죿
ԣȷʵ⼸ˡǧ߹Ҳô˵ЩǶˣôöΪ
ãˡҶϵı鵭ģһֱδ죬ȴ˺ܶࡣغԺĳƨҲϾܳһǻбҪæĹ˵϶Ըǡ˵ˣǲôˣھǶ߰ɡ
СӳҪҲ̫ˡǡ
ô죬ҾˡҶᶨ
Ȼô˵ˣСӳҲ˵ʲôֻܻ˻֣ץȫߡ
֪ܹ뿪ЩĴͬˡֻʣ°Ҷƴļˣһҵ棬ʱû뿪
Ҵ뿪ӣ·ϣЩ˶ߣҪı򾡣
ܷߣǺô򵥣˲š
ѵ𣿡
ǺֻҪоһܵȼѵҪǣЩʳҲաҰô࣬Ǯô󣡡
˰ɣ
ǰLǷչġ
ǣҽ͸˵˵塣Lǵ֪ɣ˭Lǣ뿪LǣȥһݣǰҶģ˵ûϵ𣿳ƨ֪ʲôɣǶ˵ʺԣųʣϴĺö˿ȫһ̶֪ڻ˴Ŵ̶ɣⶫɱɥʬ޵УǱĶ
Ǹ˲˵ˣЩţû
տʼ˵ʱֱҶĳ֮ǰΪЩ˵LԼ
ҲȥݹһһͷһͷСͷСͷ׼RǣǿʲôĵطǱ˵ʲôʲôѡ
ڴ̶ɺͳƨ֣ûҲͲš
ϸָϢУеֱ˵ԼõֲԺ޵еأЧÿԼ֪Ǵţѡ
ȻΪƨֺʹ̶ɶǴţģʵϿ϶ôһ¡
ڰҶˣԭLǵ˴ʱȫĬ˵جΣڡجеجΡ
ǱֱӴǶҪصĳͷ˳̾һֱĻˡ
ҶˣʹԺ󻹻гƨֳ֣ȫУ˺Ҳζſ϶òЩ
ˣڿܣеͷʱ򣬵ȽֻؿԼܣȴܵõƨ֣ӶԼ
ָоͷ·ˮۣһһǰȷδıĻᶼûС
ҶɡҶк˽ŰҶƵϴš
ֱԺûܳȥҶҲûȥ
ɫüջ˿ڵô죿
ô죬ڻȥӳ顣ûطҲģóҶҧгݵ
ۿǧǧǿ˵ЦĽȥȻҶĹϵܲ
Цһֱϵǧ𪣬ˣܳΪ£ֱӽ飬аȫǧ𪡣ڿǧͰҶĹϵԼ·һЦһˣ档
߬ȭͷָģһҪȥ취
д⣬Ȼö࣬Ǿֵð׼ҿǡ
Ժ˶û˵ȫĬؿ֡
˵˵ɣô¡ҶƳĬʵ
ֱɬŰҶСܶ࣬һĪĲɵƣ˿ĭǿҶ˾ֲܵӦҸҾˣ֤Ҿ֮ٵܡ
ΪʲôǿҶʡ
Ϊǿͻȥѵ㲻֪ɱͨˣıԶɱѾ弶ɥʬɱʮˡִԹظɻȻڻͨͨˣ׾ͻȥ
ੲݵ˵ţҶ˼
ˣҶ۲ĽԼһֱŸɻʱҶҲȷʵææ
ʱǲģֻʱڱ仯Ҳڱ仯
ûܵõһͷ춯ԼͨˣҲʲôˡҶȻ
˯Ϣֻ֪ͩҹ־͸֪ˡ
Ȼֹ̧ͷȻؿŰҶ
ԭһͷ켦еģȻ㲻ҪˡûѹûˣֻҪҶŸһͷ켦л㡣ҶЩҵѣǵԸҺġ
Ȼû취ܣȴܱ㡣Ҷ˵
˵֪
ֻѾȫϵıǿޣЦȥȻеˡ
ʱСǰˬϰʲôˣѵ㻹ҵ槼ϰصѡҵģҶæ
ƽʱӻLǼòſװֱгͶڳϣеı򾶼ܽɥʬҲ׽
С綼˶ٴˣÿλLǣЩĽĲС


146 
ҲôĶɿԴ Ҷ뷨Ҳˡ
ౣҪӺ𣿡ͩóݸֽ
Ҷҡͷã߰ɡ
Ȼв⣬ȻҶ˿ڣҲͰûз
ֲЦãߣ
תȥͣ·ͿһƫƫһĺܺãԵҲǵʳ˺öˡ
ֻǴӴԺ͵뿪ûмҲԶᱻ˴ԭΪԼܸҶӦϣʱֲͻܣʵش󣬺γûŵĵط
Ǹլӳٻͷȥʱ򣬺ȻõĵطشҲû˰ĵĵطˡ
޴ĲĸֽǴдׯڣɻʵũûеֵĻ࣬ӲݶЩͷСı켦дͣżȥѡ
һׯٶȱܶ࣬ǰѰׯһһѣʱ䡣
Źȥãׯڷ·һҹ֮뿪۳ò˼Ҫˡ
¢һûжĳƨ֣ȻƵķ賤СȻϾҪ졣
бĳȻðһŻ˸⡣һͷׯĴ֣ëʮԻôſŲҲѹʮ㡣
ˣطȻ˹
ͷһۣתǰûͷ 
ǵطվǲߴһҲ͸Ŵˡ
ʹһʳĶûߡܻͩ嵽Ҷǰ棬չȥ°ͷŵͷҶ˶§ڻ
ҶϰͩΪδʲôΧȴɫδ䣬ЩĪʶ
ʶ࣬߶һ㣬ҲᶢŵġҶߣﵽô£
ʼʶ֣հҶȻúù۲һȷǸʱ˼ǱȽƵģױ䣬Ͳʲôϡ顣
ָ˹ϵܺãһ꾭ɽͶ֪ôı˵ǣҪǼҵĶ˵и־ˡСҲ²Ӧǰ׼ҵˡָ׼ǱҲϵֻʲôʱ򵹸Ҳ֪׼ҲϵҼˣ˵׼ˡ
ݣĿǰLǹٸ칫¥λܸߣȻܻС硣
ǰǿģĩˣҰһǧӵL ʼҲǼѶա
ֻǱ˼ңּû˵һȫĩǷëǵĴڣںҲ
⡣ҶǾ仰
ֵΪ⣬𱨰ҶҲ⣬ⲢɱϾһгĻͱˣûҲԺлٱ
Ե±ԹʲôģҶΪԼ
ǲ˵ˣȥժԼԵģȳԷ˵ҶЦ
ûʲôЩʵʳһٷгˡ
ȻҶôһ˵Сӳǧ˶ûоܾһĦȭƵߡ֪Ҷִ󷽣һǰ;Էһ࣬ȻæȴҲûķſԹ
ڣЩʵĶѾۣԴʱҶô˵˵̬һ仯
ȣҶСһ㵹ûʲôþȵˣֲǰЩϡŹֵĶȥˣ˵Ҷһ
ҶҲһԺ·ֲʱۡ
СֲƵҶƬƬССҶӣҪֲעⲻǸֲ
̶ǰ컹ӣ仯ûУ쾹ȻôࡣСҲ̶֣һȡ
ݣһߵǰ档
ԭ̶΢΢ʧôһߣȫزٿͳͳԺȥ
·бðܿ˾ͱ𣬵ˣҲǲȻĵطб򾣬¹ʲôⶫܳ֡
ûСǰ棬ľʱһ¡
һ࣬һǰܵׯڶв٣ټϳƨֺʹ̶ɣɽϵ⻹ǺܺõģСҲմ槼æ
˵֡ɵĻĲࡣ
֮ǰЩׯڣٵһ¡С˵ţȻҶ˲ʲôˡ
֮ʱһı仯ûüע⣬ׯڵı仯ȴͬܵͷȡ
һׯٶȸĩǰһǻҹԭ򣬵˭û뵽ҶʱȻϵȻ֮еĸо
Ҷ΢ЦұϾֲܣֲûǺܴġ
ԭոճ룬һҹ֮䳤װӣʱ˺Ƥܿˮˮ۵ɢżΪζ﹡ֱըƣΪĺѸٳſһҹ֮俪ʱպܳԵ۵Ļë춹̶ȵȣƨҲĵķ˱仯ʱ۳ò˶þҪ졣
·ŰҶضŸա
ľǱ˵϶ţۼģۼһĻ
ʲôʲôժʲôøҿҶЦׯڳÿˣҲ࣬ģǳԵġ
ô˵ˣҲûон
ǧҲǰף˺ժ˼۵ԡ
ౣͩһǰ
ҶԭûĴӸܳһѵءЩӽļһѾȫ뼦ӣֻܿĳ񣬵ȴȫϵһ
ౣ
ౣ
ͷ׷ɢסԼĵطֻҪͱʲô϶ᱻһʱ
øǿͷϵĴҧյʱײľ޴ʱӶıĳ
ǰֻצӵĻ϶׽⣬ҲȲðıٶ࣬Ҳ׽
Ҷصͷ֪Щļһʮڲͬ
ﻹһϡϵȵȣСͰҹµģٶʮֻȳ컹֪Ҫá
ڰҶȥһϡ϶ȭͷСˣȻٳһЩȫժ˳ԡ
ذժˣҶȥͿ϶ЦݣȻժĶǺܶ࣬ܿǷĵؿġ
ౣͩԶӸȳ﹡ߵҶǰ棬Ҷźˣ𣿡
ܺáҶصͷȻеͩôָЩģʣܸҷһôָǵ𣿡
ǰͩᡮౡУҲд֣ϸڰҶȥʣʱͩϾдֱȽڲһˡ
Ұ͸˵


147 
Ҷһ֪ԭŲĽʵǺܸӵġ
˵ԼļУʮִķԣ󹫼ģֲһȷе˵Ǵ󹫼ǱߵķԣСּı켦ǸСѧͨ
ͩ˵Ȼǵصصķԡ
ҼǵƴѧĺܺãͨӦҲܱ׼ŶԣҶ
ҲͨǷԸ㡣ͩдʣǰͷ˵ĶǷԣ糿ȥͷˣҲ˵÷԰
Ҷˣǰͩżڴ˴кԵȰҶöˣҲˡ
˻˴뱲ӣ˵ķһЩҶΪͩѧô׼
ҶʳԺһЭ֡
ҶȥȦ˿ͷѾܴˣҪְ̣æ ҶһЩ۲ӵʳ΢΢üȻ뵽ˡ
ͷϳˣǽʵġҶ
໣Ҷʱ˷
ЩҰȻһЩҰԣǱȦûͷΣգıʲôݣʱֳ˲ٷʱ졣ץΣ׵ͱȥ쵶ӳľȵѪ
Ǳ̨֧ȥʼˮ
˶࣬һ֣ûаҶǰæĻᣬֵԱָӡһͷãѾȥüСʱû˾ۡ
ŹǾ͸ɿ飬ֱˣ裬ＹǴˣͷ
˵Сƹϵȵȣʱժ˲ٳг˷ǰ֪۵ʹһӲ˿ڲ£ɴõԺƴգֱӷԺ
ȲȫϯȴҲʲôˡСӳֺǺǵڵˣ
Сӳһ겻ܣȼͣҶһЦǰѹˡһԣҿ
޴ཹཱུðһͷԱߵĿѾкüͷˣʱҲûͷһͿʼԡ
ֻˣǻǰλõĵطøҶˡ
ʱҶϣŴſڣͩߣԱСӳǧǧǿˣһǰҹСˣСǸҶϵõġ
ٷǳԵĺ죬йֱսʿųžͿˣεϣһˣźòҡ
Сӳۣ̾һ꣬
˵ģˣҸ˵ûеڶطУСӳ⻹ûнˮ༼ǲ죬ζôˮǵüֲҪĶʵᴿ
ֻҪͻб򾡣
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ʣҲ˵ڼûҲûֵأܵǼ΢ߵ㣬ҾͲ̫±˰ɣ
ߵλߣǡûֵصġǧƽȥһǰ仯ûУôÿ
ڵͩһ㶼ǧĳЩʱǧʺ񣬰ҶԼûˣԼֻǸʵչѡ
ֲܵأҶ뵽ֲܵȼǸһҲܴ߷һЩׯڰɣ
ǰܵȼ͵ʱ򣬰Ҷʹ߷߲ˣŵڶԣ֪ԼܵȼǶ٣߷һСƬׯѸٳһⶼûС
ֲҲҪܣ̶ɡǧߵλߣԸֵأͨ˶Ը˱򾣬ڻǸǰһԵĶǰռʳ
ȥôãǰռʱٳҲˣЩʳ˵СȵȡҶĲ֪ȴ֪Сɹ֮úñ棬ܷźüꡣ
˵ڻôΪڵС࣬ԵʱҶûĥɷۣ㱨ˣٲҲĥƣĥɴַۣҲܳԡ
ǱڳԵĶͳһѹӪḻܱ֤裬ζʵһѾСӳԺܾԶٷֱ̫ˡ
Щӳƨֳ죬æʱ򲻵Էгƨ͡ҶЦǲ֪ԸⲻԸ⡣
Ը⣡
Ҷ˵սʿȫͬشӦ
Щ˺ôģ˳ƨֵı仯ʮִ󣬶ҾҲ˽ǹڴҵʵǰͬն
ö£ҶͲ˵ˣרĳԷ
˷ҰŰѶʰáڰҶˣɽϵΣӭж⣬ֻͩݣȫˣΪҶûҲͲȥʡ
Ҷ漣ܣĴڣԼҶǹܣլﴦ͸ء
Ҫ˵棬˶棬˭ûܣ
Щ£ʾʳġ
Щ˵ҶҲ֪ЩණСҲ˲ʳ
ǧ𪻹ûߣſڻͷŰҶЦѹá
ǰáҶҲепԭΪԼɣ˭뵽ͩԼԼγɹ
ͩɡǧ˵
˵Ĳ֣ͩ˵ͩǰͩͬһˡ
Ҷһ㶣δ͹Ϊ֪ôͣǧƶôģ
ƢǰһģһǧﻯιϵѾз磬ͩʱҪɽԻ֪
зִ硣Ҷ΢΢ü
Ǿͺãˡǧ˵ſ첽뿪
ҶܸоǧӦûͨˣָͨȫһ񲻹ܸʲô˳ᢣҲֻΰҶƴƺеţ˶һĸ֡
ЩֶǧĹȻ
ǵһǰǧ𪰵ʾԼӦԼʱҶΪȻ룬ʱԼԼԵʱ䲻æܿ뵽ǲЩæôܿǵоİԼѣǼأ
ôţҶȻˣ¡
һж˳Ȼɡ
ౣͩչϴеT һͷ𷢿ʮ⣬ŰҶٺЦץסҶ֡
ʲôҶ£û鶯ǣˡ
Ҹ˵ϵ˶ը˹ȷǲǻء²Ұˣǧǿϣ˭˵Ҿ˭ƽũݲߣ
֪ˣҸʲôҶϵսܷģǧǿսܷģûоĻǧǿӦҲͨˣֻӦúرҪôйأҪô͸йء
ͩתؿŰҶͻȻչ˲գһ𡣡
˸ǰǸƴСһȫغϣҶЦЦá
ʱѾ˽⣬ԿϵϢˡ
ը˹׼ƺƴɽ飬һȥȽҡʷʲôȥ˶ڲԣҲʲ
˶²ҶûҲԸˣò״̬ˣ֤ݣ


148 
֪Ҷô
˵˼ֻǱչһѣЩһչؾʮôôǿԣֵҶ˾Ͳˣ
Щ˱ϾǲĴܣ߹ء
׼õ֤ݣҶ϶ˣֻҪȴ֪԰꣬Ҫ˴˽ࡣ
˵ǧǿֵµĴ󽫣źܸߣһʱҶ˺۶ʱͣࡣ
׼ҵķӦӦɡҶ˴ֻ黹㲻
״̬ŵƸۣҪõط飬ȷţ԰׼ҵĳȻġ
һ꣬׼ҶưҶˣǸطǰ׼ҵģԴټ˲ߣټĩտʼʱܵʣһչĺܿ졣Ҷһóôྦྷˣ׼ɼһߡ
˵׼ҽҶûʱûõɽϵլӣҲ˵ǰҹ˸翹ϽֻҪҶûˣǵطǰ׼ҵġڰҶȻ֣Ͱ׼ҵĹϵѲܣլҲȻܽ
׼ҽõ̬Ѹٱˣֱɽȷϡ
׼ұУҶҶҰģ˸Ͼɱƴӳ򡭡
Ȳ˵Ȼûȥʣʲô̬ȣҪܻعҰ׼ңҲһ׽ƽȣ˿ûעɫ˲Ұ׵İҶƣڰ׼ҴѳɣҲûáþ˾Ҷƣȥһˡ
үүҶʧǱţôȥ
׽ߣҶһ𡣡
𣿡Ҷһϲȥ硣
׼𣬵õľˡֲȵȻ޸Щ츳ˣҶƵڶûܣ츳ͣƾ赱ɽԻͷڵĹѾȫҪ±򾣬ɥʬѲǵӡ
ҶۣǡһǰֲһͻܣʱֻҪ˳أļߣһļɼ츳ֲ
׼ҵı仯ܴôԴѻ˺üСѴϢ߰Ҷǻȥ֮󣬿϶
֪ˡҶ¡
ȻСһȦܸоԼǰǿܣȵĸоżܻ㱾ãԼڷ·иţͣش棬ǴʱָоΪԡ
ر𣬰ҶоԼڵı仯Ӧøܵȼйأֻ֪ܴܵȼǶ١
ߣȥɱɱɥʬҶҪԼܣԶɥʬӰսⰻȻ
ౣͩһȥ
ԶɥʬҶĿһһɥʬҲǰ࣬ϵѪѲٸãڹͷϡ
ָһ˦ҶƬɳȥ˲ͨɥʬ۾ûͷ­ɥʬ˲䵹ء
ɥʬҲҶͬ֡
öҶƬû룬ɥʬء
⸽ʱûɥʬʵɥʬƻˣͨûлֵأһ㶼ᱻǰļɥʬǾ͵ǰСӳˣһϣһ
ĿǰLǸûֹ弶ɥʬRǡQǡHǵȵЩݵĳͳ弶ɥʬ˵弶ɥʬѼ򵥵ܣȻ΢ʤ
ûи߼ɥʬҲУҶͩһɱ˸ һֱɽɱȻɱL档
LǳǽԽߴأСӳ͸¶˵ҪټӿӺмͨԱ㽫ɥʬΧǵʱسʹãҲ˺ü㣬һһӰҶ߿ȥLһ
浽Ǹֽˮ࣬ż˾ҪôǴŸɾߣҪôľͨˡ߿ȥѰһԵѰͻƣѰʣץҰ޳⣬ͨûȥֻߡ
LǹٸڣάֵĲҲֹƾͨˣûа취¡
߰ɡҶת 
ļɽϣLǡ
ౣܹͩϣǣŰҶ֣һֻһӣһܳ˲һͷʮı򾡣
ʱ򣬼˺ȻڳſڣһĿȥɽͶҶƨɵĶˣ϶Ҳؤ
Сĵ㣬˴ˣϾǸͷϴɾȥ˵ܻһöˡ
ҲԹǣҪԹԹûܣҲû¿һˣ˵ǲ۸۸˭أǿ㣬һ·ڳﵱؤʲôǰ;أЩˢˮźȣֵõ㰡
С棬ľ͹Թ־ܣܳ⣡һͨˣܳȥСı򾶼Ըˣֻ
ͱ˵Ŀûע⵽İҶͩתˣűǺ˵İӡ
ͷӦøҶ󣬵ǺݣϾʹһļƤʲôɫݺݡ
ͩ˵ڸô죿ҶȻ
ͩ۾һǰҶǰ
룬ౣäĿˣǲʥĸŮ
ҶصͷҪԥȥˣǲҪˣǽȥ˴ΪģΪڮٰҹҪЩˣ˶֪ܰѰҹϣҲܰѱϣ˳˲ȵ͡
ͩȵؿŰҶ˼
ʱҪ躹ޣ԰ҶݣװɵʱҪ͵ߵȫµ˶֪ԥĳ֡
ҶƬͻ⼸ͬʱչ·ҶƬûӣ˶ڵϴʹغ
ںС￴ֵɫ͵һ䣬ȴûҳֻ׼绰ȻһöҶƬƲɵǰͣס
ţҶ
һֱǧͩҲȴδʵԼرǴʱĪ棬͸ű̹ǵ䡣
Сһ㶣ֻϣ¿ŵİť
Ҷ˿оƷɳȥҶƬȻֻһöҲǼˣſˡ
ҹҵˣҲǴʲôطҥԣԼ˵ʱҪҷĲԹңΪһһһҵǣȻ֣Ҷһߵһ˵鵭ģµٷ·һ⣬СǰɣͶңΣ
Ը⡢Ը⣡С濴ˡ
һӶˣΪԼᱻЩץߣʱյĴŻ򿪣·һһů˫֡
üĿ£۱䣬˵Ļȴޱů
Сɵɵ֣Ȼ
ǸָɸɾƤϸ壬ָ͸һĹ󣬾ôĿָףϼ˰̵֡
ԺҵĻ˶ã󶼲ȥݣΪġܺһ·ǣСô뿪
Ĵžþûйرգ֪ɥʬҪ˽ŵ˲ȻӦϴš


149 
С浽˭ôôܹҶߣ
˵LǵˣǰһȺǰLͶɵĶϴˮĻ֪Ҷʶ˭ô˵Ⱥ׼ǺҪɽǻҪɽϵĳƨء
ǻڹС棿ڶû˹ˡ۸Сļ챻ץ½ǰϢǰҶϻͯģ߸С࣬˵һһ֮ˡ߻˸İˣҲʮֺÿ˵ʵҲһ㡣
ǰҶĻˣû
ǴͨɣڰҶţұ꣬ߵľһˣС档LЩڴϢٸǱ߶С֪ǲѾϵϰҶ
Ĳ²ԽԽ࣬ȷһǣҶûøᣬģ˵ʵɲ⡣
һ¶;С棬ҪLǵ˰Сʮ˵˸׳죬ҲûСʲôرҲûм˻Ͱìͷ׼Сˡ
˵ȥɽϵ˵Ǳ߻ĩǰӣׯڴдй߲˵ȵȣ϶ȻҲðȴûл˵ˡǱߵı춯ʵǿ˵зѪ
ҪͶֲܸ֪ж٣ûõᣬڱͨСȣ֪ˡ
۸С˱ܶץȥ˵ȫҪƷˡ
û֪ҶΪʲôôɣ˵ĻһֲĴ˳Ҳ̫ˣѵֻǰҶһʱѪҪһˣ
Ҷʧһ꣬ﶼǰҹȥɽϵ˶֪ҹĴڡ
ʱϢ˵뷨ǲһ
࣡С̲ס̿ˮѾǵԼû׷ˡ
һ밾ʮŴĴ˹
СʶҪӣְȥ ̧ͷҶ
ոϴ裬ͷɴͷոµĸղ𿪰װ· ҲЬӡҶֻ˾ԼԽԽңԶصƶˡ
̫ܳʹ̼ʳֻܺŶͩչ һرĵطԣȻԼĿģǶ˵ҲûлͺúõĴɡнõӣͷҸһõġ
Сһһ仰û
ըõ⽴ҶЦ˵˻
ͩͨ˵һ顣
Сˣи߸ϵôôȻôŹأǰˣܾþ˺ܶࡣ
ʵǼҳˣҶͰҹС˵նͨҪԴͣǵǧСӳרҵ
һƹϣһиǴ׻Źǣһ׷һٷˡСĴ໹ǵģŵĴ٣ˮ࣬ʡһӳЩܲ 
ͩһۣҶ֪кΪʲôһɽɿ϶ô򵥡仰ǶС˵ġ
ĩΪؤҲûеɵӣСԹԵͷ
Ҫ˶֪һˣֻ˳㡣Ҷﲻȱһڷܺúñ֣ҲһˡʱʵɻɣȦźãɢʵǰũѡòˣģ԰ȫ
ǣС治˵ģæӦš
ԴӰҶƴôȫҰܣҶԼЩ춯Ҳ˸̵ʶǲ ֱ޵С
˵ԼҾ԰ȫȻǴ󻰡
һСʰӣȥԺˢ롣
ˮֶˮģܹӣˮʮLǹӦˮǿö࣬ɽȪˮˮˮ
ȥһС棬һƨ֡Ҷʵ㣬Ҫве˼
ϡͩһظתš
Ҷ룬óֻƴ绰
ǱͨǼ𣿡
ң𼤶ҾǱչһѡҶƽƨҪ죬⼸ʱϢʱæɡһǰ顭ٷˡ
ҵ绰ҶָСӳȥ
ǱСӳҲΪ˵ǳƨֳ飬ֱ˵Ҷ׼ˣʱܹȥ
ɸ׼ȥɧŰҶܶʹӲͬƨֳ˵ĿҲΪ˭ҪǸҴɥʬõƨ֣ǾͻΪʸ֮ġ
Ҫ˵Ĳ¡Ҷ΢΢üȻ˵ˣȳƨ̸ֱֳɡ
Ȼ绰ʵôףźLǺΧҪϵĳǣ͵òȽϳĺ룬Ҳôȫ
ֻźǿԼصģҶҪ˵Ҫֻ
ݣܲƵ˳ŹɳϵСҵԼλ¡
ƴСɳ滹һССë̺ԱиƴСӣܷһʥŮиرСĲӡ
Ҳ֪ҹô˼ڳģС˿ڣʼ֭ˮӹĹĵģһֽ졣
Ҷſһ뵽ͩʱǻҪǳС϶ԵͷëǣȻԼܳȥϴ衣
ݣСԴҶ
ָЦûпʼѧϰ
ݣССָҶ˵ͷ
Ա߰ҹЦűȻȻԼʾ̵ġ
õͩùĿܸϣͩȻĻˮƽǺܸߣճûģȫñѧϰ
ݣҹĺܸˡ
Сһһ㶼ԼߵǸͩ·Ҷ룬ͩǰûʲôҪעģԼʲôͳʲô͸
ûʲôýģҶɴȥ
ˮҪ͸ͿԳԣʣµӶҶӡƻɶĶѡժ࣬⼸ﲻȱˮ
ϵˮ࣬Ǽ˳Կ϶ԲЩˮʺ䶳棬ֻɹͷֱӶɡ
Ҷ룬кժһЩӰͷɡ
ͷļлǰҶﻹеáֻҪ˹ѡȥˣϹǰûܷˡ
ڳӲر࣬Ҫ˷ѺܶˮҶǰˮгӵĳŲģûӵĸġ
гŶָͩһðܴܴĳӣɱˡ
ĳӺܶ࣬еӾǰĴӬ׶·ССɽϺ٣Ҷûкܶ࣬ʱпܸȾŧȥҽԺ϶ȥ𡭡
ȻǶ£οֻǳӶѡ
ЩȼߵߣӸǵƤҪЩ
ǸˡָָͩԺСǣ˵ζ
ѹԼûз֣ԭЩһﲻԸ򾣬˳ЩҲˡ˵ֻж죬ЩȻͼЩҲ졣
ⳡĩ޲ģûѡ


150 
ҶͻȻͩĹ졣
ôˣͩŰҶЦЦϵĶͣʮĴ⣬ŵһԿհ׵ȥһˮ
ɹЩƵģˮȰҶٶȿˡ
ûԹǶɣҶȻʡ
Ҫ˵ǰͩǰƴ̣ٴģҲ˲һҶżǼһԲݣʱûô⡣ͩ˻ˣȰҶԼصڳﳤ󣬺ܶطﶼһͩǣͩǴˡ
ҪģȥԲݣ߳ЩӣҶԼܻ
ûԣҲϲģҸһЩųԡͩ˵֪ص׵Ĳûб죬ҴһЩ
Ҷܾ뵽һ㶼֪˺ÿ춼ץһЩը֮ζ㣬Ӫֵܸߡ
ɣǻͷһڡҶ
˵һͷȥҶ˳շ˸״̬
ŵϢѾǰ϶飬ʱ״̬ȻǸǰһ£Ҫˡ
룬ҶּһƨֳڼĳЩҪҲϸ룬ʱԾڴˣϣ֪֮
ôһ˵϶ʱȻ
ԭҶгģʣµ˲ûʾҪæ
ҶһԵֻ̫࣬ñ̬ʱҪǰæֻҪ߾ǰæˡһжȳƨֳ֮˵
˻һ϶ʱͣ
׼ȫҳ׽֪ºݺݵط˻ҪǰɽϵլӣЩƨ־ǰ׼ҵģƾЩ׼ܽö
ֻ֪ڰҶ֮ǰƨһ궼ûж˵ǳʮֻֻʼƨֲһҹ䡣
ģRǵźɽҲǷһͨ
ԭΪҶùˣ˭ֻ֪Ǳչضѣڻôߵ˵ƨּ졣
Rڸʺƨֳ˰Ҷĵƣⶫ̫Ҫ˭ҪǸȥңĻΪʸ֮ġ
QǱ߾˵ҲСֻܿ찴
Ҷһǰϣȵʱƨȫջϵʱô죿ϵϢСӳ಻סˣֱӴɽϡ
Ҷû˵֪Сӳ֮˵˼ȻҲĳ⡣
ϴγƨֳ컹һǰʱû˾û ƫƫͳˡؼǣҶ˯֮ɽϵ鶼·ûֲҪ컹֪꣬Щ춯Ҳš
Сӳ֪飬ȻҲ֪ҶҪԣŴϴε֮࣬Ǿѡѡ֡
սʿһһµѪζסЩɱܶɥʬߵĴڡ
Բ£ʹˡСӳǻɱɥʬģǻ˴һʵڲУȫһںˡ
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ҶƬ̣û˵ԼĲ²⣬ʣɽԻͷǱˣ
ԣ£ȥʵɽԻͷֵµʵǿɱɥʬ Ҳ٣ҪûǾǾôˣ
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ܹŹ֣ҷǿֻҪԸ⣬ɥʬĴڡ£ֻаҶɱɥʬ򲻹Դ뿪ķݣôܻᱻҧ
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ҲǣЩ°ҶԼ˵ʶʣⲻǹزĵ⣬ϵ⡣
Ϊ˲ɥʬĲ֪Ļɥʬ󣬴ССûǧҲм٣Ҷ۾ҡһͷͷԼһʱƴȫҲûɱ⣬ܸǸļɥʬǸаĴڡҶ֮ڸ˵Ϊɡ
ʯ䣬Сӳ˲˰ҶĻɡ
Ȼ⻹СӳⶼˣʵǸ߲Աֵ²֪ŶСӳĳЩ֮±ȰҶ˽ĸࡣ
LиоΪʶһԸӣ֮ĻɱƳƵһͷʮı˺ܸȤоо¡
LǺRǱбֻ֣Ҷɱˡ
Сӳص㲻ڵ绰˵ǶԵģһȥְ֮ţĸǱйϵο»ᱻ ʱLǾˡģ¾ߡ
͡ҶҲࡣ
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ߣСӳĬûǼ£ֱкˡ
ƬյϣһһСڵ㣬ڵԽԽԽԽ󣬰ĺ䵽ϡ
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ȺİҶۣͯһµŲ۾ſɫĴ£¹ƤСѥ޴Ǳ߳ľ顣
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ߵҶǰ棬̫ȷˡ
·۾ץһȦһܵϣͩűߣ˳·ȥŤͷҶ
þòҶк
ͷһǰ࣬öˣƤë͹ˮһб仯С
þòʱ˶ӣƲûж˵ʲôǳն࿴ͩ
һǰҲڳͩվ˵ʱܵĴ̼ܴ󣬺ںоգֻһ˫ûôϵֱҶͩŸϵ
ΪܵˣȻ֪ͩ˭
ﻯΣع㣬ǷҲʦҪص棬׷ͯյЩˣҲȲһָͷ
ǰȥеɫ
ҲǻԵɺҲܻˡֻǴʱ˼ʱֵòȥ£ǰһһҪԵ⡣
ɽԻͷˣ汣ӡҶǳ˶Ը򾡢ɥʬҪע춯ҵˡ
Ȼϵˣǲų
ѾɢעΧˡСӳҲأǧʲôʱʵǿܰϺܴæ
ϡҶ
׼ʮֳ֣ǰ֣֪ͩͨ˴ˣǶڼﲻҪ ΧҲŲܶΡ


151 
ƨֵĴһʼۣ˵ⶫֲȻܹϴ裬ЧһͣҪԺܶγƨֲУЩõƨֵʣʵܿǿ
ֲҲ½֣лԵõȻ࣬Ҳ٣ֱӾܣԽЩֲöȳƨִ
һʼȥֲǻԵƨԵе㰵ˡ
һʱȥ仯ֳ
õֲ˿һʼܸߣȥܻƿܵȼʱо˰Ҳһɹ
ЩԹƨֵˣͻܵȼʱ׵Ķ࣬ٶȸ졣
ھܵ˵ǿңƨȻֲܿʵⶫĸıȴĸı䣬޼ۣ
ͺñԭΪ1ˣÿٶȶ1Ϊ2һ죬͵ϣ˳ƨ֣Ծܴ12 ôٶȾǰ
ҶôĶ֪ۺ죬Խ֪ƨֵҪԣԽǿⶫ
ʱƨּϢȥ֪˴ԶҴ߳иǿʼ߶飬L
Mʵ弶ɥʬҲǿһսָǰиģҴ߳弶ɥʬɥʬΧǣ㸲𡣡
Ҷ֮⣬ͷ
һǰMǵʵ̫ǿֻҴ߳бȽĩβĴڣ˳ƨ֣Щߺȼ˲ͻƣٶȸǼӿ첻٣ڸ߼ɥʬǿԸMҲͰȫࡣ
ʵǿǰͶôоͻǿѭ֮ʵǿ߼ɥʬһиΣգôߺп뿪ͶĳС
˵Mܷչڣ˵Ҷ׳֦
˶˵һһǣҲȷʵ͡Ƶν϶вĽɽ㵽ʱξ񣿡
ǰƺ̫ˣ˵Ҳôҷɡ
ҶЦջĳƨֿ϶ҪLǺMǣʣµһҪһЩڳˣʣµĲܿǡʲôʱûá
ֲ߾˽ǧ٣ͬʱҲߵ˶źˡ
˿ԡֲĻһҪ˵ʵ˵ֲͨҲ̫ۡҶʵʵ˵ Ҫ˾ܵģҲûˣҪҲûɶáֲʲôˣʵǰͰ
ǧһ룬ȷʵô£ЦǾ;ˡ
Ϊ䱦ȫҲĶڰҶȴȫҪ ҲҶĹ˲֪ʵĪ⣬д̶ɺͳƨ֣Ȼľʹڲ֮أͷֲ˵𿴿ûԼȤĲŻҪ
һ룬˶ûƣȻ
ҪʼˡҶȻ
˶ؿŲԶĳƨ֡
ⶫѧû˼סȫ֪ǳƨ֣ĳ̶ֳϣ˵Ĵڡ
ǿưĶڳƨΧʵոͱֱܲʱ۶
濪ʼɥʬһܿļɥʬ
ҶսʿСӳļɥʬȥиָ·ɣʮۻңǸļɥʬܿȻء
ƾ赶ԸɥʬʱѾȥߵ̨ߵڳɳڿԶԸɥʬˡ
ϵɱأҲãҲиĺôսʿǻϣɱļɥʬ
Ҷ̲סˣҪȥ
һ𣡡ָͩͫܿ׷ϰҶ
ճƨõһ޴䣬ƤʱͷڵϡΧһûչƨ֣ȴҲóȻ֡
ܿһͷʰ쵵Ĵ߹ƤĬĬߵǰ棬дųƨֿȴ졣
˿棬Щ춯̫ѵء
Ҳ뵽Ⱥ˵иƽʱʮɣѧϰСѧĻ֪ʶѾܶԸµĹܽű
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֪ȺڰҶסֻLǵֱ̫ˣȺǺİ֣ǹ˵ļɥʬ
Ӳ߹հ˹յĸֽȥҶͩͬʱ֣־ɱС
ɥʬһһ͵
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ļɥʬӲϵѪɺԽͷͷŤȥˣĳֹ
ҶƬѸٳ֣ҶһⶫȻӲǲܽ
ҶƬϵһطʮöҶƬ˦ȥļɥʬںȻء
оˡ ͩȥָѸٱ仯ɥʬԴͳһöССľˡ
ֻ弶ɥʬԴŻȷоˣļɥʬһУҲܴ
ԶСӳԴӶԸһ弶ɥʬСӳţȻⲻǵһζԸ弶ɥʬ
ҶԱ߿ţ弶ɥʬȻԶԸСӳǱ˶࣬ջǳɹɱȥɥʬԿǣڳɥʬ
ɢŶɥʬȴôӨ͸ľˡ
Ҷ˼ת򣬺ͩһԸļɥʬ
ƨֵĹ΢΢ſʼ
ڳƨΧ˶ʵǿҹС磬Сǧǿǧ𪣬ǶųƨֿģĿʲô
ɽԻͷ˵ƨȻֲǿֲܳһ컯Ҫܿ͸һʲôԼкô
໣Ȼͷһٶȼ̧ͷ죬ߣ¸ոճӣһǳɡ
ӷ񣬾þƵġ
Զɥʬٶȸ죬һɥʼ񣬿ֽܲ˵ǰ
Ҷͩļɥʬƨֳ죬ɥʬѹ
ãҶǵûս۸߰
ҪĳĥԼܣҶƬ˦ȥԶԶؿȥǰҶԼһͣضҶһ
֮ͩ˦һһŵĻ棬ȻһӶԸļɥʬȴɥʬʱһС
ʲôˣҶ۽⿴һӰӣ͵ıһȥ
ԶϣһëӰһ
Ҷ۾֪ƨֻ춯ֻЩ飬ûóȻ¶棬ⶼɱˡ
ԶˡͩȻ
ֻҪͱ ɱɥʬʼ峡Ҷ侲ǸҿǾȳ弶ɥʬζ
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һƨֱƤرա
ҹȥؽѡ
ʱ٣ԶɥʬҲָ̬
峡Ҷ󺰣ɱս۰Ȼ


152 
ƨջɹɥʬô¸߰ӵӦ֣ɱɱɱ۾ֻܿɥʬͬʱָߵĬ
ֻɥʬ˻ͺȻص죬ԼѤõܡ
Ҷɱ𣬿СӳΧһ弶ɥʬһ
ͩӰΣ֮Ǳ򾶼ڰҶһŻɳȥøڷҶƬ档
Сӳ˿ĳȣ֪˴ʱݺݵ˿ͩиθߴںػһҡ
һδϰѸٰСӳЦһҲ
弶ɥʬӲҲ㣬ֻһһΧ弶ɥʬпܣΪ˷У߾衣
ڰҶֻҪҶƬɥʬϣͱȻһࡣ
ǲӣҼйǸطаæģҶȻԼȥһһʱеĹ׼ɥʬӡ
һŻҶƬ棬ڸֱԿǡ
弶ɥʬȻأСӳ˾͸ˡ
ҾͲˡҶ䣬ͩȥڳˣظڰҶ һɥʬ
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ҶͩһɱСɥʬüͷ弶ɥʬļɥʬʮԡѪð⣬ɷ·γʵơ
ֻǶԸԸɥʬͬ
ɽһܴܴĿӣõھеɥʬȫƹ
ҶѾȥϴ ·ѾصƽʱӡһսʿؿھȤѵھѧУҵģ
㶼֪ȷʵҵȥıսʿ⣬Ȼˡ
ٺ ҾϹ¡æҼԺӼϰǳԴ͡Ҷ˻ߣﵽԼһξ롣
ͩܳڰҶߡ
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͵ǣҿһݡͩ˻ֻҪҪ
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׼֣Ҳ࣬һЩ弶ɥʬҲˡðҶ˵ǣû˱ɥʬ߱ҧ˵ǱɥʬҶ˸첲ȣȥȻأǲ
ûͺܺˡ
Ѿʼ׼αϴΰҶոʱģö࣬⡢ŹǡӡšͷȵȣȫóڴУ˵߲Ҳһ˼һ룬ϴĸɸɾطԺкԺ׵ȵҲ׼á
ǧСӳĴԺʱ̨棬Ҷóһֱûʹõúޡ
˲˵ôξ¿ɿڣʳ вˣ׷ɶУѾܾúܾûԵʳĵ˵ⲻȫϯ
ݣڰҹϣ˭кر졣
ȻݡıʲôһǻЦ˵仰
Ҷɿˣ뵽ǰͩҲǣ˴к죬дֽ֣ϸ죬ںܿЩ˴һƬ
֮£ҶԼûô죬ϲ˵£û¾Ͳ˵
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Ҷͷ߿
һӲ˶ԺЩӻʱƴյģʲôĶϵģǰСյʣһֻڲֿ⣬ڸ˳
ȻûоƣˮҶЦףγƨԲջ񣡣
໣ͩŴ𣬶Ű׿ˮ
ⳡսдҵĹϵ׽˺ܶࡣ
ڳ⣬ˮϵĲ˷һȫĹĶӣ¶ĵЦݡ
Ҷûֻ̫˰˷ֱȥ˳޴ľ裬涼ˮ
Сƹϣӡӡƻȵʮȫͷⶫûһˮ˭ԶٳԶ٣˶ԼķȻҪûȥ
ջĳƨܷװһһհװ
һһҶСӳǧٶʮ
Ҫǻ𣿡ͩϵ䣬һһĳƨ֡
áҶǻȥ֮Ȼ취ҹӦҲоⷽ棬òǰæ
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ıʵĶϴ裬ٶȾͻһЩܵĸ죬żͣ⼸ǿԸı˵Ĵ 
Ҷô׾ٵóСӳǧʮ
һǧֵµ˱ȻģһúñԼϣõеĳƨ֣Сӳѳƨûȥôĵλọ̃пҲһ
ڷƸĿȣֱֶͩʮȥ֮ʵȻܼ
ɽԻͷԼɽȫɫӵؿŰҶ
Щ˵ֲļֵҪߣҶȴóô࣬·һļֶ㲻ʲôʱҲûƨֻô졣
Ҷ鵭Ȼܿͻгƨ֣ʱҪǻҪֱӹȥþˡνĳƨ֣һǰ仯ŴҶˡ
һǰƨֶνɹ˵ҪСһ㣬ɫδǰһӦǹɽ׶ΣڵĳƨɫЩ΢ı仯ʮϸСĽɫ·ǻûûնŵ㡣
Ժ󲻹ʲô£Ǹ㾡˵Сӳ֣صֵܣ
ˣҶüҪܿæʱΣտв٣Ҳû
ȻʸûС
һУҲһЩ̬ȱ仯Ҷע⵽СӳǧֵµһЩʧˣףǷҲˡ
Ȼû˵ʲôҶܲ³
ԺҶֵܣҶЦ
˶鼤ƨ֣緢ɽһĻñ˿ʱͫ
һܷܶ£Сսǧ𪣬ֱɻ뿪ķƣֵ¶˱ѣҲҶЩϵЩ¶ܣܶ˶ſ֡
ֱҶɽɼṈ̀ѵģʱûҲΪƨֳ죬ҶҪǰæ
ü죬ɽϺͳﶼûж
˰಻סɳȥ˴
Ҷû׷ȥɽϰæˣһһĳƨ֣Ƕжƨ֡˵нɫ·ȥ֮Ч
Ǹˣ׷׷ѹƨֳ죬ЩӱֻԽԽ෴ҪǰҶԸǣͻûô ٰҶԸԸ˵תء
ӣı
˵ţLһЩС˼ȫϢģǿҶ˳ۣȴԲҵһ˺߱ӣǾԶܵõƨֵȶˡ


153 
Lǰ칫¥ǰ㳡Ϊƨֵĳ֣ǵܷⷿӣ漸׸߸ߵ̴ֱ
ҲֻʼʱʹƵƨԽԽ٣ûʹطѾҪֿʹˡ
ڳƨٴγ죬ط칫¥ɨĸɸɾһֵࡣ
Ȼû죬СӳһȺսʿʹ䡣
һսʿȥ˳ƨ֮Ʋ̴߳Ѷʱðһɹɵḷ́ǷΪʹ
ֱȥܾã˴ȫܷţϳ
Χ۵кܶ࣬쳤˲ӿͿϳսʿʮһ㱡۹ȥҲ˲٣˶Ѭ졣
лûȥսʿˮˮ˸ȥ
Ǹսʿʹ·ݲϴ˸裬ȥϸĳϴһ飬ٳ֮һ·˶ȡ
Ӵǣģû䣬ô˧أƤˣƵġսʿǰȤ
ٺ٣ųȻԵúÿǿɱۿҰֱУֱУսʿرǿ
ɰҶͩҲ֣ģûƤ·Ҫ׵͸һһ￴
ϰҶߣǸսʿҲ֪ôģȻ
ǰɹƤڣҲƤͻȻˣһ͸˿
Ҳ֪˭С㣡
˶ʱȻЦ
սʿеߣȥҪսʿ·ûôβƨƤҲų۹Դ·Ҳǰ״˷·ǹŽȥɣ
㲻սʿ£ſӱסæſӽ˷档
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Χ˶ʮ㽣һƨֻǷƨӵȵȣЩ˱仯󣬻е˱仯ûô󣻶ƨЧͼӰĴϴżô˲
˵гƨˣÿҲͼƬһЩ׼ȥˡ
֪ϰ巴ӳΣһвֹǶûóѡ
˵ϰǸͨ˻ˣҪ룬Ǳ֪ͨлȥǻԳûһ׬١
ھ˼ֵߣֻҪ׬һö˵Ĳۣʡŵһ¶ˡеִ߳󷽣ܶʡҪˣǲҪҪʣ߿Գǣռʶвٵġ
Ҷɫؿ˵ļˣ΢΢ü
ϵ·ɾȥʮƤͷ˵ĳһµʣֻάѡ˵ģȺΧϣĿĵսʿǡ
ΨһȽϺõһǻûľ۳ϣ
ƨͨҲܳ԰ֻҪó㹻ļǮͩһĵصLͨһˡ
ܻͨôʵģҲͲͨˡ
ǿ취ܰͩ²ǻᰡϻƽũֻ֪ͨҪҲյģҸܺáLǱĵطҲйİɣǿȥᰡ
˶һۣһ˿ЦӣӦǲ˽ͨôһƣҵҲĲ⡣
ҵȽϲĻƣܰӹȥ߲ȻһȣƾԼʵҲһЩǰͨˣȥһõֲܣЩô˵ˣҶԱȥˣֱ˵û취ȣôЩúõͨأҲȲϣԾһȣ
Щͨ˶ݣǡһҶôͷ˵һ٣ﲻʹ죬ֿҶúãһŵģжʱƲסļ
ҶЦ˼˵˼ãֻܿԼѵһĶǷģƽũ϶ҪҪ
㵽ʲôˣƾʲô˿ڳԣͨҲǺ۸ģھܴ
Ҷ˵飬С˶̲סˣȫݺݵ
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Ӿ붯֣㳡Ȼ˶࣬رƫƧ涼ǽţעĻֲط
ȹһءͩȻðڰҶǰ档
ðԭһģһǸˡߣˣǲǣ
ϰ壬ߣԶһĸսʿȻߺ
ҶͩһѣͷҲص¾֤ҿҪȻȫ˰
ԭҪֵ˿ԶսʿʱϢġ
ЩսʿСӳţڻ˶ƨ֣ĻԺ϶ǰ;Ǹﲻ
սʿϣҶ͵ǰΪ˿ƨֵЧ
˳Сӳ˵ҶͩеƲ֣Ž͵Ȼҷ׷ǹʵģвһţ˵ͼı졣㿴㴩ĸɸɾԴӣΪʲôĸ飿
Դ̼̼ǲŻãͩʱȻ
ͬε˶ǲһģԺˡҶû˵̫ࡣ
ͨ˺Ѿʼֱ仯ʶۺʵ󶼻࣬˫ĥϵḺ́Ȼá
ǶҶһûܹԸԴֻҴ߳мѵĻȥĥϣҵԼλá
Ҷ֮ô˵ԼŬȡһõĶͷʲôûС
ʱϴƵ͵͵ɽġ
аҶͩӰ룬ɥʬûм֮һܽļɥʬҲǶһضѡ
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弶ϵߣҲֻ緢ѡĿػֻЩʦӵС
ҶҲ̫ˣܸļɥʬ弶ɥʬô¡
ѵǶûз֣ȥæҲ𣿡
ϵ˿ƵһðҶͩһСӳҲֻҪٲ˻ǵͩĴڣұҲûҵ
ûͩ
꣡
ļ˼䣬ûʲô˻
ȴʮǡɵıҶš֣֪ͩЩ˵ССİƴСͩ
ϻŵʱҶϴƬƵڵѾʮֲֿ֡һҲһЩı춯ӱŴûܳԽͩġ
Ҷ˿üͷ΢΢չ
ǰߵΪԼͷĶȥȲ֪ͩҲ಻ı춯ͩԵòôرˡ
ǵĶߵ˾ͲҪôߵˡҶƨֺʹ̶Ȼܶ
ҪҪշŵϣܹͩʡ
Ҷ˵ҵ˺ţհɡСӳŰݶŪˣͽͩ
ոһģ֡


154 
Ҷ̼ȥƽũϢЩϢļˣʱ𾪵˵
ΪҶֻͩLţһֱܺãЩͨˣδǻסɽϣ˽İҶ
հҶݵλȫûҪ˵ô໰֮˵ô࣬ȻԼѰһᡣ
ʱûע˵Ǳġ
Ǵˡ
ͨ˱ǵҲͨ͵ų齱ֻҪܳ鵽Ǿлȥɽϣ˵Ƕһͬʡ
Щͨر˵ģЩ߿Լȥɽϣǲȥɽϻ춯ﱣǡ
Խ˵ԽԼ̬ȲãҵҶ˺ţ˽ŵǸ̬ȺܳϿҡ
ҶżһЦ֮δϡ
ܸͩȤרż˼˵IDȥԼֻģ˺ѡ
Сӳ˴սʿLǰ칫¥㳡ܱշ䣬Ȼܵ͵Ǹ֪˻֪ˣвͨΧۡ
սʿǳԹƨ֮󣬱仯еĲø˧ͱ࣬Ҳ
Ҫ۾ȷϵı仯
ǰƵģڶǧҲˣԹƨֵ֣±仯ĺǴҡڵ뿪̼˲˵
 СǱ߸Ҷţжˡ
ϵĶʵģסʻмٵˮЩƬĺ˷ϣĩǰƬƵģ
ƨ֣ҪҪ٣˲⣡ѡһһķھѹɣҲһһġ
Ҷպ仰ʾС粻˵Լڵһһ
̫˰ɣжҾҪ٣ϳҶͫһԭ΢Щ̬Ѹ
ͩţŸףһ߿һ
ζرԣһʱﶼζӶ˿ڿˮԼͬİѻϵ׶ùˡ
ؾģԸͲ¡Ҷܵļɥʬľ˸ͷ̫СҪһЩҪ˼Ļ̸̸ɡ
ãӸԸС򽻵ڰҶˣֻӲͷƤ
ͩڿףڰҶԱߣ˵
ٴҲͽӴ缸ѣණǸҶѧģʱˣֻǸǰһСӡ
ҶȻûʲôͩ˵Ҫѧδġ
ľȷʵ٣ҶĹػǲı䡣Ҷǲͨ⣬ǹر
Ҷ㾧ˣ˽¸ҳƨ֣ǮҲû⣬֪֪֪֪˶֪ʲôӰ죿Ӳ⣬ðҶֳִ̫Ӳʯͷ
ҶȴҡͷҵĿĲ׬ˣֻҪѳƨȥѡ
㾧õҶҲûչûͩʲôգоǹ飬ɽϲ󣬾Ҫþˡ
ⶫڱܣڰҶôҪ
ӿǵȷʵûϧûǵҶ뷨ܸԼһ
̶ҲҪ˰ҶĻǰԼ뷨̫ʱЩȻʣȻԼƿɶЩ
һ仰ˡ
̶ɻǰϹҶǺܵ
ˣҶСһʰĻ
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ͩڴǰоЩʶÿͼƬ¼ĥģѡԼԵĿζϴװš
ͳˡҶЦ
浥⳴ͼԵʱҨһ׸ϣپƹϣζһ㶼
СҲһƨ֣Ҷûɶ仯˾䣬ûԣ
ûؼҸˡСЦдá
Ը˵ҵƨ֡Ҷе㲻ͬСݽãҲΪɽϣСĸȻģͩȻһƨְŻһ¸ˡ
ౣͩͷ
ݣҲŵͷԼرСرСĿڴ
ҹЦűȻҲһƨ֣ûóԡ
Ҷ̲סЦ
ͩԳƨֶʳƵģԴ࣬ɶӦûУҹԵö࣬һʼԶƨֵʱ˰ӣҲûɶӦˡ
ֻСֻԹһһƨ֣ǲһ
ƽʱĥҲųƨ֣˶ԺȣΨСԼȲˡ
ллСȦе죬֪ҶûǸаæݡ
˷ҶϢһȥ˵ؽѡ
ΪֹܵľȫƤУڽ䡣Ҷó飬ҵһҹ׼õɰëʺʯҳȥ
Ҳ۾Ժ룬ӣһӺСԼֿȷӣغʹӵĴ󲿷ַݡ
λðҶԼ̵㡣
̴Ӽһ·ߣָһʼᶨָһ򣬵ҶߵǸطʱָ¡
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ͩͰҹǿʼڿӡ
СһݵؿŰҶﱧһ̵Уȫ弶ɥʬԴľˡ
ϣԼĸÿطָķӦһеĻҪʱһСӣзŵ׸ߵĵطеҪ
Щ°ҶûС棬Ҳʣµһ䡣
LǽܼݣڰҶ˵Ҫ󣬾ͷûԣС浽ģ֪ܲΡ
ܲΣҵı仯ʵܴ󡣡Ҷǵҵҵˣ͵úͰ׼ȻҺܾûˣЩѾָӹܻЩĺǾǵǰ֮
ԺһӣΪۡ
ʯߣɰ룬ۻۣҶеľȫŽȥԼ֣Ѫˡ
ɵӣ֪ԼѪúܴĳ̵ĳɹѪѲϵʱԥظƣµı仯ͼӰ
Уɣ˵Զɽ룬ῴɷ壻ģ治ʶ
ֲɹۣᱻԻ־
󷨸ǧ򻯣Ϊߵǰ·ȴпڲͣˡ
Ҷһ֪ɹЧô棬Լʮ־ȡϧֻܶԸˣܵȼȽϵ͵ģɥʬȴԸˡ
󷨲ֹһ֣Ҷѡһ֣ʼϸС
ȥСӳ͸¶һϢоǱ߳£˼ˣǵڶоԱоʲôʱû
ƨֳ죬һ׳ɹ
ҶҵᣬŰҶƴӰ׼ұһ·ɽҪҶ˳լù


155 
ݣŲ֪˭̵Сľһһµؿľ׮
ʹÿ࿳ͻúܴ󡣡ͩԱ߳ԻףָһıֱӱճɻңѸʧ
ŤͷͩСľݣݣ
ɵƯͩ˻һƻʼС
ݣõˡ
ʱ컹ûʵؿ޴ľ׮ԱߣССӰطŪѵеطر𰲾Ĵȫ˯š
ݣ˰ϲڵĺˮ߹һݵؿͩݣݣ
żڸҴȥͩƻӵԺ޴ͰУȥһСӡԭǿⷿѾʰ٤ţƽʱͻ
ͩϣԱиƴĵӣġ
ݣȥֺС̺ãŤͷͩ
۾ͩͣſûƵģǱ۾ȴˡ
̫𣬸ĩǰ̫һ溱һȦ⣬˵ĸоůһɵΣա
ڱ䣬Ҳڱ䣬е˾ٲά衣
̫ȫڳ֮󣬰ҶԺԺϴ
ªˮ̨ϷŴҵϴƷһررСȫǰҹչϴþߣġ
ҶƳۣ뵽ǰͩǸȻҲѧϰϴˢôӵĶȻģ²ͲһˣǸСƴС˲ޣһΪһǶر㡣
ûҶп
ЩѾģȥ񼦵Ĵ񣬲ҲͰˣͨȻҲܿóЩģֻûҡ
ﹾཹཱུð˵ζƮ
ҶӣѾ³緹ʲôˡ
࣬СˣӦû󼦵Сǰ˷ŵﶳŵģԵʱóֱʡ¡
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ȫҴ߳еǸֽˮ࣬һˮҲǹ˹ܶ飬⴦ġҲԼȴôݳޡ
ΪʵʳԽԽˡ
һЩֲĹʵܳԣȷļ̫٣Ȼôдû˸ðȥԣСûˡҪôֲⶫ ߾ѰҲ϶ںΣյĵط
컹װҶӣֻס
ҹȻ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ˡ
ױȽ϶࣬ﻹв٣ԲŻһ㡣
ԴѹеׯھͿʼ賤õĲԵġҶҲ֪һ㣬ͷ˿ԼƣĪԼƺеĻҪǿһ㡣
ζʼƮɢ޿ײ룬ҶС緢˸ţԷ
һ洫һŭ槼ġ
ˣô۸槼һʲôСŭźˣ
Ҷ򿪴ţͿűߵһررϸԵ۾ܴεСǰ棬һ죬˻˻졣
ϳӰӴͬһСɽ׵Сܹ
ллСֿҶǰָָ
ҶѾˣԶ槼ǰ棬ҶƺͰҶڲϱƽͬʱԸ槼Ҷƻ˵Ҷ۵ܡ
ɣȷе˵ͬ
槼ǻϵܣȥĻȫܿҶۣʮֹı仯ʮֹŹֵţȻա
໣槼ŭĴС
槼Ҷ΢΢ü뿴ҶƣԸ԰Ҷۡ
ǰڰ׼ҵʱ򣬰Ҷ۾ͺأżҲĿһУ·ҶһſƵġ
ҶҶ֣槼ʵغˣԥشŰҶã˸Цݣ۾ģطŨ洫Եĸء
ǰġҶС䡣
ԭЩѾܲŨȲͬˣҶתһˣŨȸߣѹ壬ȻܹգȻ˽
ﲼõľСӣŨȻ͡
ȻһֱߣǾͿɡҶ۲ٿҶǻһܣص˵ͷطܲ
طҵġҶɴ
Ļһ㶼˵Լµ󷨼Ȼܹƿ˵Ӱ죬ֻ˵Ҷ۵ܵȼ֪͡ԼܲܶԸˣԼܡ
֪ܹŹ֣ר˵֣ܱɡҶ۾Ȼ¶ЦݣҲ㶯֣ŪҵĵططҰܣطΣģҲŪ㡣Ͼطƺϵͦ
֪Ĵ󲿷ֲѸ٣ǸҶйϵˡ
Ҷɵ׼ҶԼûоԣи֣Ȼе֪ܶЩ϶֪
ѡطɡҶ̾˿Ҳƻط
ͱˡĿһУԼĸоðҶúָܱоֻֻűˣҶ̫ǿ
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ߣ˭ܻһءҶߡ
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˶ȥҶǿı춯ϤҪ˳ûңİ͵ָӣ֪𣿡
ˣʮĵͷݡ
棬ǧպˡ
ؼʱ̣ҶȻҲСӳɽԻͷкǶûʶػԸǧ𪣬˵ԭ򣬴ֱɡ
ҶۿһŹֲܣLûܴùǧѵأɽԻͷֵͽܣҲֻܴƽ֡
ôҶĬ
ɽԻͷˣһʵͻͽΪǰϡĻѾʮһŨǵʵȻһ
ڰҶǴ򲻹ɽԻͷģƽֶǺ
ֲһ죬ҲأȫƾԵ
㲻룬ҿ԰ˣǳսŪǧЩ䣬ҶвߣҪǿڡ
ˣԼһҶҡͷ
ǧתͷؿŰҶӦ֪Բܳ£
ѽͩСౣ
ҶӰ룬Ȼ֪ǵĹϵǲŹġǧ
ͩգգۣʲôϵ𣿡


156 
Ϲ˵ʲôҶñ˵ͩǰ̫һ
ҪǰƴССͩҵдӣҶʲô̲סЦʱͩǧ𪻹ÿеɵô˵ʱ򣬰Ҷֻúܲڡ
ͩпǵһڵʱ򣬶ʱ˴ڼüŪۿٽŵ
ȫΧڣȻֲ˲٣ǵһ꣬õԵ˿ȥܶ࣬ٿҴߵ˿ڻʵСĳƨֺʹ̶ɣȴһһĳٴνζŻкܶܶ˳ǿǧսȭͷҵ˼Ϊ˿ǣҲǴʲôģֻҸ˵Ҫϧ
Ҷǧĸоʵе㸴ӣʱȴ˶Է˼
ԼǶһ޶ģҲ֪һ޶ûбҪȥðƴΪ˶Ը⵲ǰ档
ģҲɵҶҲ
Ǿͺáǧ˿
ԼĵطLǲԶǰQǳȥLǵıؾ֮·Qݣ·ϲǷεɥʬżܿһĶԼһЩ仯޴ıֲһȥΣķ
ҾðҶ۲ؾЭ顣ǧȻ 
Ҷ۾ҲôáԭûСӳɽԻͷִ£ıˡôţӿڴóһA4ֽݹȥ
СӳɽԻͷţǿͼֽϵķλأÿ˴öˣǱһָӡĵҵķλҶ˵žҪߡ
ǡǧͫ΢΢һ뵽˰Ҷı仯
ȻҶ˺ܵը˹
󷨣ڴƤӵ³ɹ漣ٺ͵͵ ͼо󷨣ȵط֣ƬҲ࣬ҶǸլӶˡ
ߺѾֺܾãҲд˵һЩɽֵĳЩɣҲ󷨵ģ԰ҶŪҲرͻأ
ɱ󡣡ҶԼࡣ
ౣͩȥڰҶҡ
ƳͩҶû˵ʲôȾͩ£һǰӰˣ޲ùԼϡ
ֲ߰ҶӣҶŶȥԽԽ࣬Ƕɽ
Ҷﲻ֪ˣûбܹһЩйԵֲﻺҲᱻɱ
û뵽ˡҶһĸ߰
ٷϻаɡҶЦҵĵ˶ȥˣҽӦͦӵġ
ߣRǶͻӣͲôҶ߳ĺâҶȵȫʧ˵Ǳͬˡ
ҶʮָſһööҶƬӨ͸һ
һ˦ȥʮöҶƬ
Ҷ۶δ䣬ҶƬֹ֮ͣʧ
Ȼʮܣֲǧ˵LսǰҶǾǧ˵̫ˣɽԻͷˣҶ۾ˡ
ѹְ׼һʱܷչôӴȴûбԣֻǽ˰ҶĹ⣬аҶ۵һֹϵ
Ҷ΢΢ͷһ֣âҶ˹
ʮֽض㿪âҶƬ˦ȥҶֺâûС׳󼸷֣ԼҶƬˣʵ̫֡
üͷŷӡ
ԼһֱܹŹ֣ŶϰҶ۾ͻȫʧЧѵǰҶǿɽϵլΪʲôģ
ӵʲô͵ӵӦʵǶͲԼģ˵ӵʲô ͵Ӧʵ
Ȼۣȷʵš
ֻˡҶŲҶƬȥâŰҶ۷ȥ
ҶüһƺâɳҶƬ໥ʧ
ȻߵĺâҲǲһģӦܵĲɵֻһֺâûҶ۾һҶƬʱǵһ㡣
һöҶƬƹâݺݵҶ۵塣
ʹûѾʧҶƬҶ߶ĪĹ⣬ܴҲǵΪֹˡ
ٺ٣ҵˡ֮յĶ㿪âҶͣ˦ҶƬ£ðҶҲһػζ
ܿҶ뵽ʲôҵĹػǸǰһɲҪǺңһжҵģȻû㷢ģӦи
ҶƬ˦ȥֻܶܶ࣬ҪƿҶ۵ķÿһöЧʮ־޴ġ
۷Ź⣬Ҷ۵ɫ԰Щ
ߣҶۺ䣬ðâȻٶȱ࣬ŰҶŷ
ͬʱҶöҶƬҶߵĺâѾûˣҶƬͨ·ɫٴβ԰׼֣˶˻Ρ
ౣͩԱӹһӣǵâ˻
ǱʴһƤƿҶһüͷ
ҵָӣԼ˵ûʲô첲ҲбâŪ˿ڣǿͩҲˣҶŭգûȥʲôԼֱӴľȫ£
ҶƴӰҶ֣ҲһȺˣʱҶ߷
Ǹûֻ˾ǰϷѡ
ߣҶץ׼õУݺݵҵ£һ飬ˣɱ⣡
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˶һ£ҰǿҶˣе̽Եܵǰ棬ȴͬҰʧ
ʲôҲҪɢǺܿȫ
еֲܹ˳ֻþ˵û˵õֲ⡢ﲻֲɣ
Ǳ󷨣
󷨡һЩ׼ĸֶʱĬⶫ̫Ī⣬ǵʵڸӴûӴ˵ζԸ
Щֲ죬Ƕǰ׼ܾãдʦ·ҲУοЧͼӰ󷨡
ǶҪֿȥˣ󷨲Զڣ
Ȼ˲ҽһ
Ҷͩ˵棬ץֿͩ˿ַ治ͣʩչܣ˿ڻã˿
˵ˣðæҶѹֲܣҲָܿ
Ҳˡͩúõġ
Ҷиж
ԶҶڰҶƵĲ˳ŴƬյؿҶɫʮѿİʧһ룬ʱϾʹôΪ¶һ档
СҶҧгݵ
Сؿ۰Ҷ ҶЩգߵǸˡڻûҲܣ֪ʲôͷ
飬ǿҶ۵ҶΪ壬ŪǸˣˣլȫ⡣
Ҷ۾һ
Уǰľɫһģǿˡ
СӳԴĸһԭһطǵѾҵµʱһ̧ͷ͸ͬˣʮϡ档
лҪ˵Ѿ°루Ӧũˣ·ҪǿֽǮĲҪղҪŶ(?--`)


157 
Сӳĸսʿ͸ƵģӰ룬ߣȻܵȼߣսҲܲܲסͬĸΧǵ
һ±ƵؿǰԭյĵطȻðһͬ±ƵˣȻĬسȥһٴһ
˶۸٣֣ĺӱ˵ģ˶࣬ĵط϶٣ǻԿ
ɵ뵽˶ˣĵط϶١ΰ׼Ҵ˲٣ֻҪܾۼ϶ҲͬЩսʿǡ
СӳóһŻƷںϣһսʿóӰš
ûһð
ŵ˻ûüѣǸð˶ʱùֱһһٰ
ܿ챻ԽԽ࣬ƷϣܶòⶫҵǲİŪĻƷСӳóϡ档
ϡǰ׼Ǳߵߣǵ֣ȻƻսʿϷַӽ
ˡźݻĺӲ˵ˣܹ졣
Сӳһ˦֣սʿһߣŵ棬ͷɵÿϸˡ
ǰɫɣҲо˳ֵ֣ܳˡ
Ѿľˣؿͬ鱻˵ŵ棬Щˡ
ȻҶգ
ԭеĵطһУΧĻȻûб仯СӳȴĿΧˡ׼ҲڿΧֻʣһߣʣµһ붼׵ı
ľѾʧҶɫУԶ
һһ룬սܸߵģҶ۶ʱɫޱѿ
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δ˶Ǿϸѡĸ֣Ϊ°ҶҲͩ˸߹Ϊ׼߾ͳʮһ͸Сӳʰһ롣⻹µģµСӳ˺ˡ
һһѹԵģ˲űȽ֡
󷨣Ҷɫѿ㡭
Ҫ𣿡Ҷ¶ЦݣҪһһ֣һ룬ֻʣһ£Ȼҵζղߵģ㾡ܷġ
Խô˵Ҷ۵ɫԽѿ
Сӳһɤӡ
磡ҶƿԶǱһԲʸװǧûпҶƣ۾Ҷķ
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ûʸ׷ҶһƫͷâҶƬɳȥâ
ǰҶۺͰҶѾʧˡ
ʣµİ׼ҲѾ˺󣬱Сӳץŵɫһ䣬Լô˲ᱻ׷Ҷ۽϶ҶһɫĹ۲ߵսʿǣѰһᡣ
ˡ֪ͩʲôʱչָָԶĸװûУЩ˶˳·ˡ
ߡ鲻䡣
Ǹȡ֣ΪʲôҪģͩ⣬ԶЭѵǲһ𣿿Ҷۣ˵߾ߣ˿ˮԲںЩ¡Ҫҵ±ץߣҿ϶취ˡ
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ԶĸװХܹһƺâɳ
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ֶͬҪϣһͩУԵʱҶ۵ͣȫлץסͩװߡ
еȴùķ²СӳҡҡͷҲͩЩ˵ĻˣǾӦɺϣͩĹģʵǲ̫͡
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ƻ󣬸ղͩģһޡ
СӳЩ㱡
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˵ЩҶҲûЩɫóȺϵģ¾ôˡ
ȥɽԻͷ棬ҪôƷҶŵҪƨ֣ʹ̶ɡĻü̸ЩҲڵ绰˵
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սʿڿصȷϹʧˡ
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ϢСӳ
սʿǶһݣСӳ֮⡣
ڳҶۼ棬ȻѾܵ͵ˣǼܲס˶࣬Ϣ͸¶ 


158 
Ҷɽϵޱȣ־һЩ˶й۲ãֻǻû¶ѡ
ǷûôƣֱϵҶʮָȤǵҪС˵ʱզá
Mǵλֵͣ»ĹͽܣÿҪľԼܲôࡣ
йصֻƬﴫʱ򣬷붼ûĸҶϵϣ绰Ҳ˲ôˣֱʣԸɥʬ𣿲ܶĴҶ֪
ûʱһǰ˵ҶʵԸзӣǶԸɥʬϸоо
ãҵȡ֣ص
ûֱϵҶģʱʹ
ܶԸɥʬ˽ٴƣԴɥʬ߲Ҫеļš
ĻĻǲͨҲȺŹɥʬ
ֻھҶԼҲûаգֻ˵ȴԼȥ֮˵ġ
L飬شı֪
LһָߣҶۣ˰Ҷϡ˫ˣҶ۵һ룬Ҷʤ顣
Ҷʧһ꣬׼ҷͷԽԽʢаҶ۸ʮֵ͵ĳΪLеķܵ͵֪ȴ֪
Щ׼ߣܴһԭҲһλҶ۵ĴڣǼŰҶ۲Կ°Ҷ
ϾҶȻߵƾĲеֲ͹Ź޵ܣҪ˵˾սһ㶼ȲϰҶۡ
Lǻ˳ưҶ޵УֻҪʱ䣬ɽԻͷ˽Ƕ֡
Ҷ͸ֶ̫ˡǸ󷨣ڶûо͸
ܸǹŹ֣ϰҶĴھȻ·磬ʵǲ֪ʲôѹˡѵһЩĴ𣿡
ڻû˸ҳ԰Ҷ
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ɽԻͷˣкܶλ԰ҶĿɳ𣬵ջɽԻͷʾ˺ǷѿΪ˸Ҷá
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Ҫ֪ɽȻҲ󷨣ǶǼǰ£󷨼һϲͨҲ֪󷨾жôѡ
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𣿡Сʡ
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Ŷ˲ǡСƶǶ
԰˲ǡȻҲûо
ڻʱĶԻȻ·ա
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ౣͩӺԺһȺ
ʰ쵵Ĵһ࣬ͩλβͣ任
ౣͩתһȦִǰԺ뿪ˡ
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ͩѧϰ󡣡ҶڵϰüСʱˣ֪ûѧᡣⶫͼֽҪҪ
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Ҷܵ㿴ġֻʲô˶ʩչ
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ӹͼֽ˿ɽԻͷҲ಻סؿ
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Խǿż򵥣ʵԽѡɽԻͷпκ󷨶̺ܲ͸ǿ˲ˣ
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ллˡɽԻͷ˷л
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׼ҵЩϣԭûô챩¶󷨣ϾȻкܶ࣬ߺҲ࣬Ҷвۣ󷨵ȴûˡ
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׼ұʹöడҶ󷨱¶Ҳãҵҵ˾͵¿Ǻˡ
취߽𣿡ͩȻչֻҶա
ڴϣT¶ϸݵ
˼ƬַͩڰҶ󣬺Ȼ˵׼һֱǼңҪҪǹȥ
д⡣Щ׼ңΪ˹ĸãܡҶ۵ҲܾסĶ
ͩϣҲٺЦСӳ˿ǣǻᷴ
˼ҶͷҲûϵ֣˸˯ˡ
ԺУҶ뵽ԼǰԼһ
ǰԼʮȷԼǸرϲúÿˣǧ𪣬ÿθǧ涼ܸˣҲԼô̸ͩĳ͸ĿζҪǻǰ϶̬
ȴ·һıĤżһЩ뷨ҲĪʧ
˶Ĺģǰȫһ
ѵǳ˯һ꣬ĺ֢ô
ôţҶ˯˹ȥڶЩ뷨Ѿʧ١
ͩ棬TʹãһĵطԣѹԺʰ쵵Ĵ˵ʲô
ౣһ̧֡
ܹǰ棬ݣ
Ҳ֪ǽʲôֱԷʱɢ
Ҷժ˼ƹϣȥժס緹Ǹǰ࣬糿ܶҲ˲ϳ岻ģ˵ǡ
RźɽͣһֱӻֲܵоˣԸΪŵӣϵϢһһʯǧˡ
HǱ̬߱ˣȻ֧źɽݳУģһˣ


159 
Hݵ˵ȽûRǴҲû֮ǵ˵ձ۵ǣHǵˣȫˣʵǿ
û뵽HԮRǣѵHҲ֮ǣ
˵һܶ˶Ĭˡ
գLǵһѵ᲻ΪҶ¶󷨣ΣУҪϾɱߣ󷨣
޿ܣLǵ˶ĶǧðҶRǻHǵ˵õ
󷨾ԲܱõҲҪLǵڻݣʱȥôˣò˵Ҳ֪
˻һLǵ˶ˡ
й飬ÿLǵ˶˵ϼ䡣
еðճǣպϸ߼ɥʬȻ֮յĶ˹ȥӶӳ졣еСãRǵˣʱ˳ͻ漣LǵȻҲRǸȴЩȫû
еһûŻصLǡ
ЩԭʲôҴô࣬漣ᷢк߽ͳƣֳ漣˴LǵģȽĵط漣ĸʣǾ漣ˣLߣȴ·ҳ㷹һ
ԵģRǼֱѪù
LĿбʥͬʱΪR˵жд̣Ҳɹ˻Lǣͼƻ󣬵ץ
е˶ۺ죬ЩݵĴмÿж˴ڣҴǿߣһЩа̾УҴ߳ҲҪͬѹˡ
Ҷ˵Ӧ˶󣬵ʱţ󷨣νĳƨ֣ǰҶص˲Ҳ
˾Ҵ߳лϣԼĳҲ󣬶ݵĳΣУHǻΪԮRǡ
鷳Ҷ˿ϵϢͣҪʲôӦûУǲӦãҲͣ˾Ͳóˣϳƨֺʹ̶ɣһٽʳ½ǰʵģ࣬ѡ
͹ҳϵ˶ʱһ㶡
˶ԱͣոҶޡ
Ĳ˵ͳųƨ֣͵ѡҶ
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ౣͩͷ󺹵ģ˿յ¶ȣҵң˺üȡ
Ҫоһ󡣡ҶתǽڣͷҲصͩһ 
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¶ڳߣʵȥһѾܿ켸һûоѾǶˡ
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LѾܾúܾûͨˣܹӦˮѾ˺ܶԴõҪôʹҪôԼŪСͷ
Ҷÿ䶼пյԺϹпյԼ¶ȣҲרŵĿյһܡ
б⣬ͩԼ˱⣬Ȼζզأž͸ƵģѾˡ
ߺͩĺܽܽҶȫڤС
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ȷʵɽԻͷ˵ǼɵķһɣʱܿʲôżݵԽԽ࣬ʱԽԽãƷʺ;ͻ
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ڤڤУҶԼʲôɴ۾Ҫһ㣬ȴȻأڤ״̬ƳͿǰߵ
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Ŷͩͷ̧ͷЦôRǣҿǸźɽ˳ۺܾˣѵ
˵ҶȤ
ڻû죬øСƵֲǴRҵźɽʧ޴Ҳձ鶼Ϊ һֲõģֲֵܶ࣬ǱȲϵһ
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ȥLǣҶ
ȥLǣҶͩͰҹС棬СС綼Ӹһ
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Щһһʰ쵵ģеȫë죬ԶԶһŻ𣬻еȫ¶ںںڵɫ۱䣬Ȼ
ҲлԲžһƶСɽƵģرȵĴ
һǰģضӣѱòһЩһﲻǿģҲϸ΢ı仯Ҷʱϲȫֻͩطֱ
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ɽҲиװСӳŸװģǴȻҪҲû˾гۡ
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ҶһǣLǺþû˾ؿˣ֪ӭӭǡ
϶ӭСҲһȽСгظڰҶߣĿƵ
LǵĳǽĺأŵԶԶĶϳǰҶ֮ԥûԥȥţǽ
һһĴŴ򿪣ҶͨĽ
ͬʱLǵϢܿ촫
ɽԻͷɽֵµͽܴҴҸ칫¥ߣڳ֣֯һȺˣ߸ϡ
LϢģǼҶĻûģȫһ뿴Ҷʲô뿴Щ춯
Ӹ߿¿ͻᷢ԰ҶΪģLǵ˶߻ۡ
Lһ˶ѣȻôˡ
ȥҶ;кȻĵ


160 
˰;Ϣֻøĵͬȥ
Сӳ˳ıȽ˰ҶȥϢǰһˡ
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161 
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162 
ҽﴨ˵һ˫컯֣Ժ󲻹ʲô£ֻҪ㿪ڣҾԲ˵
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ԼҴȻʮַḻ


163 
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ֲܵսʿʱСӣһ˴̶ɣ׼ӳȥ
Rˣ˲ټʮʣµ˶η̶ɲǰ
ЩһֱRǵ˶ùܣLسʮּѣʱŤתRǵη岻ǰLǵҲܴһ
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˶࣬ɥʬ׵ĻЩˡ
ڲһ̶֣̫ˡ
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ҶһŤתս֣Լ˻ûг֡
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Լֱ
ǺΣʧˣԭΪԼ˦ȥҶƬĽڿЩ˵ĹֶΣҶ뷨ֱˡ
ౡͩ쵽Ҷǰ棬Լơ
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164 
ҶùȥĴ̶ɺܶ࣬ɽϵĴ̶Դ֮Ϳʼ賤ڶܿͻջЩҲûҪϡ
Ϊ̶ɣRǵҲŲ
ôLǵսʿǻԲѣ˻ţRǵĺ۱̶ɴУֱ̻Сˣû˸ҿǽ
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ȥʮ꣬ߵ˭оء
Ǵ棬һǾûκѹˣЩ۸ҿ
֪𣿸ո洫Ϣǲսˣÿ˶һƨ֣Ҷ׿˵ģ
ŶŶ꣡
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ĳŵǳ嶯£ҶͿǹLԸRǣ˵׻RǵսʿǵڶûԹԣΪǾѵأȴһˡ
ΪȶҲãлҲãҶ׼Ѷó
Щ˵ô£ҶأʾͩҪ
ټķһԲѵˣʮǰԵѾʼƿάӪһֱԲ Ųס
а壬𲻳ɽԻͷɫأźɽĹаΪеͷ֮˫ͷͷǡR˼ȫźɽĹ
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ͩ취Уд˲ȥ޵Ƿɽ޵ҹ򣬶ʡ
аⶫѰ¿ţ˵޴ڣǸ˵вֻźɽЩƵģаۿüвǾʹˡ
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ڸҴ߳ĸˣɽԻͷƵ˲࣬ԸɥʬֶμΪǶԸ˾Ҫһˣ˵ĺʵ޳ģ㣬ĸöѣҪǶԸɥʬȻȲɽԻͷˡ
ˣʱûĿꡣ
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ҶóöҶƬŵˮ֮ϵʱСӳʱı⡣
LȻץļϸһûRǱ֪ðҶͩ˴档
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165 
˺ܶӣҶҵǸֲѹȫժˡ
·ӣ˸˵ȸʱ򻹸ȸһʣµĹ˸طţʰһRǵӪء
ʲôˣӪΧѲӣͻȻðˣʱ衣
ҡҶɤӵźڰ֮
ʲô˰ץѲӵüߺ
ԶһݿȥһСӳܹҶ֮һ㶣ղŵ˵ҲˣΪǾǿ֮е뷨ıˡ
Ǹ˵
ҶûǰǼڣ
ˣͰͺڰ֮ħطûҪ԰ţʲôطŴʦ򣬲бˡǸȥŴʦ˲ͷ
Ҷθȥˡ
տʼ֪İŵʱ򣬸Ըţֻϸ˺ܶ飬˵Ķͬİţԣû뵽ġ
Ҳ֪ŵ˵ôģͦԲеġ
Ӫ棬ҶŷԭǸСԺǰƺǿԼǵģʰһźɽʱŵĵط
Խ棬Rǵ˴ĺԽȵźɽķ棬ŵ˴ĺ滹нɫ·
ȥɡŵֻǼݣûϸȷϾͿţƺİҶͩðô죬˵Ƕźɽʵ쳣Ρ
˷䣬ҶɫؿһȦܿͷ
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źɽܲ֮˽ûǻųȥ
ҵҶİѱˣҶǣ뵽źɽԼ֢ҩǸҶĹиȱ㣬ÿʮͻиڣһֻΧкܶ˱ֻһͱɣץòײӳ
ԣҶĹ֪ǴʲôطҵģȱݡֻҪڰҶʱһɹͩһתߵο϶ɹǾһĻܣ
źɽָһͷְѺ˽ȥ ȻȤ
תͷ۰ҶͩǿȥңϻȸߣûٿڶۣѹûϢԭLʼձ˵˵ġ
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ǡҶķӦźɽġ
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ĵİռΪӣȻֻǼӵĹ򣬰Ҷǳһĺ΢Щ
ôҲǼźɽˣҶ̧Լݣȫǰ̬ȣŵĺܡ
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ܿתһȦҶȷR Լ󲿷˵ʵȵȣĬĬһ¡RǾۼСѹеɧLǡ
ǱΪ֮ǵĴ ˲˵׼񣬷Ƕûٸɣ˼ûУҶŵĻС˼һԲϾɱֵˣҡڡ
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Щ»ǰҶЩ۳մֻ˿֪ġ
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ߴ
Ҷͣ½Ų̧ͷĳͣǰڶʮԻؿԼ
뵽ǻĳҶ̬һٰʮȴı䣬ĵߣҸ·ߡ
Ҳ·ͩĿǽš
ڶɻؿ˿ֿͩ˿Ҷͣһŷߡ
û뵽ôˣҶٺЦɵúúðסܰŴʦ£Ҳԣ
Χԭ滤ĳΪʲô̬ȣʱҶ˵ĽǲˣֻΪʲôֶǰҲûֻǶʧ˶ѡ
ݣҶţ˿
ͩȷ
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166 
Щ춯ǳԭ˵ĵȵȣֻ֮ģ˵ЩԵ˼ʼĽ
ĩǰҲмĻͷʮꡢʮȵȣҲܸн
Ҷ뵽ԼЩУЩһﲻǳḻرԼ⣬ͩŷ뼸֮󣬰ҶЩһģ˲һûʲôˡ
˵Ǹȸͦģ᲻˵ʲôҶе㵣ġ
ϾǼҵСдƿǿʼҪѧϰܶණȻûĻ״ûģǰͩĻڻˡ
ౣ֪ͩҡͷ
ȥɡҶ˵ǻܳûӴӴǸ
Ӵ֮ǰҶصش
ңǰǾƳ۾ǳ󣬾ˮϵܡҶӦְҵĹϵۿ϶ͨ˸˵ԹɫϻλõҲϡ档
Ҫ㣡ҿҶͩˣе㾪ȡ
ʲôԸҶĵֻҪԲƴǡ
ͩҲűɫȰҶģҲܳģLǵʱǺôɻۡ
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˵ţҶüŪۣΪŵı顣
ͩҲżüŪۣš
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ŶǱҶأҺȻʡ
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⵹Ҳǡҵ˵ͷ˰뿪
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ౣͩһŵȸҸˡ
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R˶±򾣬ֻɥʬ͹ԱֲʱŻ֡
Ҷ۲еܣеðһźסɥʬֲ֮߱󣬺΢׳󼸷֣λ塣
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167 
˵С󣬻̰ƨûУͦ¡ҶԣΣûˣҲûˡûһһLǵ鱨ˡ
ౣͩرϵĽһ
ˣҶ̲ס̾
ô˵ҴԽԽ٣ܻһͻһȲѣҶŪֻôľͲԼˡ
óԹɫرŰҶͩʵ΢ֹ⿿ѰһֱɫǸˡ
ֲʱҾɱģȷֲԥطһƺ˦ڰһΪֱϮҶͩ
ҶȻǺ׼ ҶƬҲ˲˦˳˲Ŀꡣ
 ʹȣ˵طٴοҶɲ㵽˭
㲻Ѿ³𣿡Ҷ֣ϮԼĺͩץסһŻ˸ɾ
ǡ١˲׹
Ȼ֪ҶֻҪRǵˣûв֪ڵġĩտʼʱ򣬰Ҷ͵RǵһһȺСܣֱӵźɽRߵɴ࿪ʼͰҶ
ֻǰҶϵƬ٣еļҲǳģǱLǵļϸ͵ĵģһһǰƬ
ڰҶˮһȦ꣬ƬRߵҲİϾΪֺźɽѾо˺üҶǰƬǰӸϤ
ڰҶС޷ݡ
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ΪŴʦ㣿ǣҲ㣬γ˾ŴʦĸΪľǼ㡣ȫɱˣȥΪŴʦỳɣ׺ݣҲðҶܡ
뵽Ӫصʱ򣬰ҶһԡҶʹӣһо½ǰ;βõʱҶϷ
ֻ󷢺RǶҵˣȻûжLǣRӪأһû˷֣⾿ո˴󵨣
ǲǺʲôҶɫŹ֡
ʲôʶ룬ӦʲôûԲŶԣ
Ȼֶ֪ݣǾûҼȻܱ˵ӣѵͲܱŴʦβҸνΪȻ㵱Ϳ϶İҶĳԿһҪȫ棬ɱңѵûҿLʵ𣿡
Ƿ漣ʵʵģ˶ˡ
ң޵ؿŰҶ̫ãŴʦ緢㣡
ͲˡҶƽԭRǺLల£ǼȻˣǾͱ밲ȻĻȥ
ǲల£Լ֪𣿡ҷ·ʲôЦ³һѪЦŪ󣬾Ȼ˵ల¡
ЦЦţȻѸٿή·˲侫ʲôƵġ
ҶͿһƼڵƮûйˣ෴ķӴܡⶫˣ
ౣͩһ죬һżΪĻɳȥź˻
ֻղⶫҶʵԸǵʱûȫԼ˺·
ڻײżܿҵ
ƵĺܺãҶͩҲк֣϶ֲźϵͩ治ɱˣרЩа
Ұͩ˻棬ϲ̵
áҶͷ
γţ˶ҶƬΪԷһû뵽ھȻˡ
һ·Ҷ⿿ңϲŭȻر⣬ٶΪǰְҵĹϵ۶˭ЦڰҶ˵Ѷȵǽ˲١
ҳò̫ÿͩ˫ڰҶϱȻܽܽնҪһˡ
ҶǸͨˣҲãҪǳ̫ÿ˶ſĴ̫࣬ģµѶȻӴϵ·ǲ
αװңҶԼϰһ飬òˣŸͩһʬŪ棬ɥʬҸϡ˵
طֲǸһĻƵֲ
ֲѾпգֲбȽϳֵߣ˾ѻϵܵĴڣмǮߡ
Ҷͩܣûզ
զ죿ְֲͩȥĻ϶ᱻ˷ֻ֣׳ȥˡ
ܴȥҶҡͷRսLǡ춯ҲԳֲԡ
Ҷùֲ˿ֲ꿴ʮֹŹ֣ҶƬȵģİһŻ档
֣ȻǱ춯һѰֲʳƺûܰɣôҪ̸̸
ȸһֱʱҶ˵ô࣬е㲻ס
ۿԼûΪˣϱץǿгԹԶļ仹ڣȸɵĸһЩʮֽ
Ҹ˵ͩౣ
ౣ
ౡ
ౡ
һ֮ȸ˰Ҷֲ
˲䣬ȸΧðһŻ棬ֲĻ棬ССȸʹᶼˡ
˺һȸŲڵһ
Ҷ˸֦˲ȸϻɫëһ죬Ų̫ԣˣ
춯ֲ࣬ΣգûбĴ취Ϊ˱ǿΪɱɥʬΪ˻ȥֻðգ
սƤ˶ȸ۾԰Ҷͩٽ䱸
ȸ̫ܶҲ֪ԼôãҲҵֲȴûһԼģڰҶ͸
ˣҶԹңҵˣҲġ
ȸĳ򣬾ҪɵҶţھûÿˡ
ҼϰɡͩȻǰһȸౡһ
СҶͷ
еȸ˸䣬ͩϡ
ʲô뷨ҶȻʡ
ͩαװû䣬Ӧ̰ڡҡŶԣҪǰ趨ȸӦϡͩȻ飬ҶΪб뷨
ڵͩǸǰһҶѯ
еŤҡҡͷͩ㡣ǰֻܿģĸطǡ
ҶȻռˣǰͩ·ͩҲ£ץץ·ȷʵʲôطſ
Ҳû룬ҶǾͻõ趨ﵢʱеˣȥ


168 
ûķӻķϵĿ£ǸֲָЩطҾ߶ֲﻺسſֽ⣬ֻнܿ
ۿԶ󲻳ֲҶһһ߸пȻŲѵģ˾һ˰ˣۼ¡
ˣôȸ˵ģҶȻʡ
Ҹ˵ûĻֻҪĻͿԸཻǼһкܶͬ࣬ˡͩһԼȫ죬֪ж󣡡
ҶɫŹ֣û뵽ͩô˼ҵģҲȷʵȸҪĻĻԼͲαװɹϾϵΪκ˿ܿɡ
ȸûĻ
뿪ߣҶͩȥĵط˿һ滹ȽϺõ˼﷭һЩֵȵȣЩȻܳԣ˵ǺѵõԴеʱҪ
ȵطϣҲûҵٳԵģľͷԴ
ɫһҶ뵽Լң΢΢ʣô£
ɥʬˣɥʬץˣɱˡи˵
˶Ĭ
ҪôҪôǱġ
RǣģҶصͷû˵ʲô
ͻȻиʣҲ˸˰˵ͻأ˶ˣûʳԵеˡ
Ҷüʮֻ˾źɽɳԼˣһԼӣ߳ɿǣɿǱźɽߥ޵ġ
ɥʬܵı˭죬ˡҶǻȥ
Ǹ˻ɵؿֿͩ˿ϵȸȻŰҶ˵Ļ
㲻ҲûãƽʱˣȻϻλûãRǵԵȴõġ
Ͼкü˰ŰҶ˵Ǹû취ʡ
صӪأȥźɽûˡ
һʣһڸҡ˵ҪҪѻʣ
źɽͷõã˾ˡҪңţRǵʴ
ӦɫǺܲÿ
ϻλã˻ԹɫΪֻȸܵáRҲûһѰҿԳԵĹӺֲģȸͶʱÿɹ
ˣҸ㵹ˮͩرڣһ͹ˮһ߿ƨ
ӪصСܿŶʮֲ˳ۣԭͩиͬ飬Դӻ֮Ӱ룬ȥϵҲ岻ģͬûˣתȥֺû
˶˳ۣݺݵֹ
һУӻҲͦϲģﶼź򡣡
ǰûİð֪Ҳȥԣģǲġ
ߣҲ˵жȲѡǰŮʧôȥȢϱõҲһĿ϶ҵRŮ٣ʣµֻܻ
ֻҪܽûбԼίԼģܶʵû̫нڲ٣ŮɻûôûŮˣȻֻѡˡ
ֻЩǳñȽϺõģСУȻͨˣݵλͩĸߴһ㣬Ǹģʵǲҹά
Ҹˡͩرڣŷ
RӪضǳԴһʳӲ̫õʳ࣬һٸɷԵҪһ㣬רŵСһЩȳˣ⳴˵ȵȡ
ͩƨĵĺãҲŻС˿
Ҷ䵭صͷ
Źϣ˵Ŀ̽ҶЦĻʳ㲻ʲôûУ˵ʱ򣬰Ҷ֣гһЩԵĸȸ
ųȸܵسԷ
һʼ֪ҶѺóԵĸʱȸܲӦǰԼҳԵģżһһöˣٺ٣˰ҶȻǸһԷ
ʳĴ˵ģͩѹźɽȻǰһˣƺܵĳַɣʱͷʱ򡣡
˵棬ţͩΪðҶͶҪĶˡ
һ絽Ҷе̣ûסӡ
֪ҶҲѹ
϶ΪͩصƺȻźɽ˵ҪܴLֻӣźɽĿĻΪҵɺѰҲȵķ
Ļ԰ҶΪնЧӦò
ϸ룬ջǾ
Ҷͩ˵Ŀ⣬ֱȥźɽ
Լ˵Ҷ
ͩĵЦţŴʦҶڸմûãҵʱϢǺ߻иˣϵʮ˵׽һղĺ
źɽһƽˣǿӲضżӣҪ˵ʲôȻһݣΪʲô˵
źɽŭˣôҪ£Ϊʲô˵Ҫͬˣȸ߻Լ 뵽źɽ۾ۻͬɱġ
ԭΪҪֱ쿴˹˽˻֪RйϵͩһֵԭΪһֲ
ΪǱLǣ˲ûRǵĹ֪֪Ϊ˲й¶鱨
ʱͩô˵Ҳźɽǿˡ
ֻڼȻѾҵȻԴСҶƲһźɽLֻ˳㣬ץҶҲ˳ѣԭ⡣
źɽҲûȫͩ˵Ļ ȥɡ
Ҫ飬ѰҶų⣬ԵĲΡ
Ҷ·ûƵģЦЦǣ
ͩţģҲرģźɽȻͷ˭ԸάĻ鵹ҲһЩ
صҶǺܿҪȥLˣʱ£㲻Ҫ뿪ߣ˶֪Ͷˡ
İɡͩһظһοġ
ȻϺ͵ڶ糿ԵĻʳõģӪ뿪ȥLǣֻҪܴӳǽȥźɽͻΪ״ӣ˭ץסҶΪ״ӣźɽԴ
Ӫؼ˶ˣҶҲŷڣȻ˽νĹ
ȫߣʳҲߣһһô򵥣󲿷ֶߣټֹŹֵĹЩ˵սLǵ˸ǿࡣ
LҲס˳ǽҶһĪĸж
ΪǿԲó֣ȵǰߵʱ򣬿±óˡҶһĥĥ䣬һ뷨ӣôɻء
˺ǽϵսʿʱܱRǵ˷ֶߡ
ֻһطԲó֣źɽߡҶǹȥ
ҲɣLǻѾʧһͩʧֻܴͩźɽߣڰȫĺΧۡ
źɽϿȫL档


169 
úñ֣ҪܵõʦԴԺ϶ˣʲô
ҵû̫ã֣
ҳ尡
Զź۵ĵ˵󣬺Ҳһ
źɽޱ飬ȻЩҶһЩRߵĹˣӦڴӴͷĹ࣬а
һƺܹɳȥֻҪˣҪôһ֣ʣµķɻҪôȫ¡
ⶫӦø࣬һ֡
ν¾źɽϵĺֳһƸЩСܣԹܹȻǸLǰͰһ൱һ졣
۳˶˷һǰ壬ĺͣطɳȥλۻҵġ
ҶȻ룬ЩҪǽ˵ô죿
ֻ˶˷񣬰ҶҪǻôĻǾͲˡ룬ҪҴȥ˰Ҷϼң
ҶļҲLǣڳɽϣһֻҪ˽˶֪
Ѿȥˡźɽ˵Ҷ᲻ٴγڳǽϣ
ѹּûӰ ԭȥԼҡҶɫźɽôʣпһ£֪źɽʱںʣǰҶЩһҪҵҶ߱ˡ
϶֣Ҷ۾ǽϵսʿʧԽ࣬ǾͻԽżҶˣע϶ǽġ
ߣźɽԷɡ
ͩǽϵսʿȻͣӴ̶ɣ˱أ¡
֪ҶڻĥĿģĵLǵѰҽ취ǸɽԻͷȥͦ͵ģЩսʿɣ
ᡣźɽŵǵĻǶסԼܡɽԻȷʵӣɽ޵ҹ޵Ƿǽˡ
ǾͺáǾͺáͩĵЦЦ˵ˡ
LǺҲһЩҶü׼и䣬Ȼû٣ⷽƺ˽һЩ
ǿɹƭģ˹޵ǷˮĪŵĶǸɹƭࡣ
ⶫ˶ǣҲȷʵӣǲСǶԸɥʬУûлһǡ
ǰӶѡźɽȻô˵ɫȴ˲ѿޱȣȻʵ˵˵ǲһġ
Ҷɫ֮˵䲻Ϊ̽ڼȻãٲûL֮Ҫˡ
ٶ̫źɽȻҲȥ£
ǰ湥ǵС˲٣󲿷ֶĴ̶ˣ۳Lǵսʿﻹд̶ɣΧɥʬл弶ɥʬźɽü
⡭Ҷԥͩźɽһ𣬺ôǻͩһڼȻ֪Ŀˣźɽпɱڡ
ͩһ̰ӵȥȥ
µźɽ߿˿·ĺëˣϵı鵹ǧ޷졣
ʶҶߵˣҶȻ֪ĻøȥܵϳǽʱͿˡ
ҲȥǱ̫ΣաͩͣˣŴʦɲȥֻʶǸˡ
̰ͩ쾡£źɽ̲סü
ԵϳǽҲҶĻɽԻͷ϶ҲԳ֣ʱһȫˡ
ԭͩߣźɽǵڿ̰ӦûС
ȥȥźɽ
RǵȻʵΪ˽Ҳÿ춼ˣⶼΪ˱ǿźɽһֻ۱һֻۡ
ǫ̂˸Լߣźɽеܲˡ
Ҳȥͩ󺰣һ㡣
Ҷһ˿Ц⣬ǰקסֵͩˡ
뿪źɽߣҶǰ
СǿǰҶԷÿ·ðҶһ·˳ĵǽ棬۸ʵĳǽøһսʿۡ
ߣҶߣ˳
λĲ֮һľͷĶսʿˣֵҲյḶ́滹ƺҪǵ˻𣬱׼˵ˡ
ͩں棬һսսȴֲòŵı顣
𣡡һսʿ߹ʩչܡ
ӣٶȼ죬ȣƫƫȼյҶΧʱ򣬻ѸϨôҲղ
սʿһ£ҪСǿʼ
ǱĻͷ˻
գսʿһͰͣŰҶͷصֿʼ
ҹҲղǻϵܣҶüҶأҪ
µ桢˶
սʿɫ֪࣬ҶѾأڸСӳһ˭ȥˣ˵ˣڻд̶ɣԲܼҶ
Ȼһö̶ɡ
Ҷһ㣬Ǹ̶ɾ͸й˸Ƶģû
սʿһ£Ĵ̶кܶܶ࣬⻹ǵһʧ֣С̶ܱУʱû˸ҴڰҶΧˣúԶҲûͼ˳ˡ
иָܹʱҶµ;ȻʼȼգȵĻ浲סЩ
սʿһ㶣ǲû߾ۼˣ͵ŰҶץסĻȥ
ߣҶһͩæһµ£ǽϡ
ѵصսʿҶһҪҶЩں֮ʲô
ͩҲĥĥϳǰʱҶɽȼܴ𣬻ûܸܵҪڻȡ
иսʿϵ·˲䱻չ⣬־ǿҲòص㲿λ
ѵأֹӲ˵սսʿǡûӦ
Ҳɱ޹ðҶҸв֮𣡡Ҷ󺰣ðҶȫǻ棬ȥʮǿ
ͩһСŰҶȻҲȫȫġ
ǽ棬źɽŰҶȫȼ棬ʱ۾ΪǹԼܣҲ⣬RͶУҲԼĹܵ˲
ϾʱпܱߵͱӣԽ࣬ԽʵĻԽ
ðҶѵͷڹ𣿡Ҷʮŵش󺰴Уսʿкüֹص㲿λȥ
սʿɫӣͷһôֵ顣
Ҳд̶ӹһƫ̶ڵϹ˹ֱӴӳǽϹȥٴҵRǵˡ
úЩ˲һѲѶԸ
еսʿȫȥ·ֳû뵽һĻʵʶǰҶֵʱȻƺƴ󣬵ϢʵǷģͩ·ˣǻеĻܡ
Ҷͷڹ꣬𣡡ҶЦȻһ·ߵǽ棬·еĹ¡


170 
Ϣ󷽣սʿӦRǻңϵʮڻûʹа˶䱸šҪҶ
մϻսʿȫʧȥ·£սʿҲ©˵һ顣
öˣɽԻͷû뵽ȻѰ·
ҶǱߴϢ˵Χˡüͷ
ԭûȷݣڵȷˡ
ֻɽɽϣŰҶǰµӦֻһңȻôѲϳǽ
ߣСӳ˼һȻ
ͽǺսʿǶڳǽϣʱֵҲֻɽԻͷԼСӳСӳȻûܣҲ˹߲
ǽµĿյϣҶŵشЦ
ɽԻͷ˿֮ͩͫ΢΢һе뷨ʱˣЩɲؿҶ
Щ˶֪ͩݣȻҶͩӰ룬ھȻֿˣͩһ⾿ô£
ܣɽԻͷ૵ԲŰҶȻô׾ͳ⡣
˵ǵûǸҶһˣҶʮţɽԻͷСӳΧҲûк£󺰵Ҷ̰
ûУͩż˿ۣҡͷĵԣҶ̰Ӣˣôսʿûס㣬L֮
Сӳ˿ͩһ̬ʮǣ˿ĽҪһˡ
жʱ˸Źֵ뷨СӳۼҶ֮κƶһģһ
ߣ֪˭ҶȻ
һҲһСӳﻹ˸󵨵뷨Ϊ֪ͩʵݣҲۿͩݵġ
ͰħڰǱСӳȻ
ٷϻУҶûػȥ׼֡
ʲôŹְţҶԼ˵һٴΣ϶Ҳһٴβ
ֲܹöҶƬű˿ĽǶȣҶѸ˦ҶƬûֱҪɽԻͷ˵·ϡ
һϤҶƬ¸ûˡ
˷ӦҶԼһƣһͷ³һѪڵϡ
СӳûҶƬѸٲغҶƬȷӦҲƺƴسɽԻͷѸٷӦ
ǶɽڣɽԻͷһһһΡĴϣ·涼Ų˦öգͬʱҲס˵ߡ
Ҷͩ棬СӳɽԻͷƺƴرһ
ߣҶһѪ³ɿغˡ
LǳǽһαRǵƵڻûнҶͩȥƿϰȻ˦׷ںˡ
ֻӵǽ֮󣬾£ȥʮήҡ
СӳɽԻͷԼҲĹı飬һŭ׷ں棬ʧˣҾȻ
սʿ󣬶һŭҸˡ
Ϸ֮һؼӷŭĻص칫ĵطԸĸ棬ó·ҶƬ
ܹöҶƬӨ͸һֱвһ֡
䡣
ˡ
ץᣡ
˷ֱ˵һۡ
Сӳͷ˰˵ӦźɽǱץסڻǲҪȽϺãһжʲô
޷ˮǻ᲼ӦãɽԻͷ
ϣɡ̲ס᲼˲Ȼָһ䡣
ֻһȻǶò̫Ρ
ǰ׼ҹҲоˮЩɽԻͷ˶ֻ֪ǼʶҶĲ֮Ѿжˡ
ڳǽ洭˿ҶͩLǵսʿ׷֮ǰܿ
ȸǰ·ҵһúССıֲҲһãǺüþۼһС󣬻û졣
Ҷʩչܣȫ߷Сߣѡ£߷ֱ͸֧ɫ԰ף˶͸Űݡ
ջС·ţҶת˸Ȧӱķ̵ػ
ɹϳǽȥһͨǹRǵʿʱĻǰӭӡ
˹ʿ˲µҶֺãźɽҪ轱ǰֺ
ƺѰҶˡźɽҶɫ԰׵Ŀһҽȥ֮ɱ˺üˣǸҶû¶档ҲпܰҶֻǱ̫ɭϣҲLϤҶزܳ
ʱͩҲ۹ȵӣ괭
·ŵϣ¶ɢʳе㣬Ҷȸȸҵģ
źɽɫѿҶĻҪϣҲܵϳǽɱһЩҲܼ򵥣ֻҲҶǸˣźɽɫΪѿ
۵ӣźɽɫ΢һЩЩ㿴ŰŰɡ
ǣҶӦ
ӸͷرС۳ɫ͸һζֱӰǾܳԣζ
ҶԼһ㣬ʣµĲûԼ֣ǽźɽĸźɽֳȥһʱRǵСָ
ûҪôռ˰ҶլӣҪô鷳
źɽɫԽԽѿ֮ǰŰҶûȥȴÿðҶȥֻýȥ
L̫ΣˣҶС û¶档ͩڸ˵ҲųǽǵĶ֡
Ȼ
ҪͩȥʱǱһǿȥʱ޵ģڻû˵ʲôҿȥˣͩȴʼţˡ
˵˿ĶͩĻжͩͦĵġ
ͩ·˭ļ䣬Ҳ־ͬϵģϢʱִţҲӣ󷽵ķֳȻԵܲ
ȿȣҶɫ԰ףÿλָһܣͻ᲻ɫļ͸֧ڿȥ˶ޱȡ
źɽȻˣ
ȣû취ɽԻͷ̫ɣ壡Ҷɫ԰׵ſںߣȥô¡
ӦЩˡ
źɽû˵֪ʲô
뿪źɽߣҶͣһͩһðйأʧȥ˾ͻԪˣҪڶϸ񡣡
λÿˡҶźɽƺҲûвȵķӣһֱҪһԼ
ͩͷ
Ҫ취뿪ˣҶ
ͩĻϵֻҪóЩ˿϶ֶܷߣҶܸãû㹻ʵټϡûˣλȣȸҲס
ٴλȻնˣӦǰҶʧȥϢ˳ȥ
ʱֻźɽ֪˭ȥһĿȻ


171 
ûʵĻźɽԾԶ֣ôʱҶðƻǰȫġ
ౣͩȸһɳȥҸطš
ôҶæʡ
ֻҪӪأҶȸһڵ˲ȬĻ˰಻סȸȥ
ȸɻȻǿʲô
źɽ˸绰ġͩȸûҿ̫±֣źɽɫʮѿ
ŶȸѧῴɫˡҶĻ϶Ǳʱˡ
ͩһصͷ
ãȥźɽҶ
ǸԲܴĻᣬȻźɽܻ취ȻӪ߲Уźɽᡣ
ҪȥɽϰҶϼңôͩȷϰҶ˵ݣźɽûӦ
һʱȻѾԼҪźɽɫްֻҪܹԹԴӪأԷһֻǻλǲܵˡ
ҸҶв֮ȥɡҶһʹҲȥĻԺ¶ûлˡ
ǰҰ磬û˵Ҷʲôɼصķǳá
λLǣһڻȥɽҰҶȻĴ־ȻԼˣȥźɽȻҲǿ
ͷתźɽȥɣܶȸ¡
ǡҶͷɬ
źɽ̬ȣԼȥԣȴܴȸȸѰֲͿʳõıֲֵࡣ
Ҷװģĸȸ˵һЩ
ౣͩСţȸˡ
źɽ˵ǱʵǼӵһȺˣҶ͵͵ӪأL棬ȥԼɽϡ
ǲ̫LǣᱻѲߵԶ˵滹һЩͷҪǱ׽пܳץǡ
ֻƸȦӡ
ӪûʣΰҶΪǳģĶ࣬һͳˡ
ҪȸҾͺˡҶװģĸпôǲöӡ
⼸˶̲סͷͬǸӰҶûûȵ̫ѰˣҪȸڣڲȱԵġ
ﻹһӣԡͩһĵĴչ
ҶؽӹӣһڣٴθпҪȸڣھĹӳˡ
ߵĵطֲر࣬ľ죬඼˹ʵֻǴҶʶóȻ
ҪȸڵĻ϶ܱĸܳԵģҲȫòŶӡ
ȸȻǱģܱЩʵûʲô¡ ҶֿһڹӸпı춯ء
˶һۣһ˵ȥҶﻹҪ߶Զ
ԶˡͩҶΧǸɽֻLǵĵطܳ뷽㣬ǴӱĵطȥĻٵð°ɡµļǺǶûҵҲ֪Ϊʲô
·ô죿ʲôҶۡ
ͩԹɫȵһҺóԵģЩҶ᳢
Ҷ˵ͷӹͩһóĹӿʼУ̵ģζأΧļ˶ŵˡ
뿪Ҫӳԣֺ°ҶʲôУֻš
ҶԵڶӣͩȻóһ
ܸܲһӳԣ̲סˡ
УǸģҲûж٣ֻ⼸ѡҶû˵ͩȷΧˣǶԵ˼
һ·ôѣҪע򾣬ҪСľйԵֲҪ㿪һЩ춯 ˶ģͷƤ飬ԶԸɥʬ
еɥʬ϶ֲʱϲ
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˸ңͳˣֲĶͶòУȫƾ־֧ţϾһ£͵ˡ
ЩԭΪγִ񣬼ӰҶȻȥ֮пܶ滤λãΪǳΣ˭֪˵ģʽ
ҸǱߵ˷˶ţȸųӣӦÿ쵽ˡ˵ϣʱ򻤷ȰҵԵģ
ðҶ
ܳôҲˣҪٲţֻҪԶͣˡ
ȸԼķˣٶҲԲˣԭصȴ
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ЩˣʵʱΣյУһźɽʧأ˶ɡ
ͩ¶ܵŵı飬̫ˡҸųˣҪȻС
ߣ㲻϶ѡҶмźɽһ˹ǣȴȥҶΪǰҶĶ𣿵ʱǣźɽΪԼѡ
ѵźɽëֻаҶܽͩɻʡ
ҶͷûбĿԣ
ͻȻ˵ô࣬ȫڳ˲֪ġ
ǳĬˣҶ˵ģźɽԼ⣬˻ʲô³Rǵô࣬ûܴL档
źɽʼ˵ҪLǵһأ˵˵ѣҪȻôδԳֹŶԼͳ⡣
Ƕ֪ӦĽͬ黤ˡ
γΪҶгʵʣأ
ǽRǣźɽΪ˱øǿԼ£ƺЩƫ
ౣͩȻССһ
ҶӦȸˡ
ҳԵģ˶ʱ˾ЩеûģľӣֻҪǳԵľС
ȻҶ˵ûãϾͳһڵ㡣
ܿ죬ڵԽԽ󣬹ȸ
ȫؿȸ͵æҳԵġ
Ҷȴ˸ͩҶжԶ
ҵ롣ͩһǲ˸ȦҷûĻҶܽܽˡϸǲ
ôֱȥҶ


172 
ˣǣ˵һŭ
Ҷͩǰ棬ǲòں棬ȸͩϣͷźڶۿЩˡ
ôˣˣҶ⡣
˵ҪȸҳԵģӣҧгݵ˵ţ˵Ҫ߰£ż죿
Լˣ˵ĸо
ȻǵˣҲеط˽Ⱑοܶطˣ̵ģ˵ȷʵȷ·ߡͩһر⣬Ӧߴ··û˷֣ҪǱLǵ˷֣Ǿˣ
ûӴLǵˣ̫ײˣҧŲţ
˵ˣԼʶ·ʲôãڿҶǲӦø˲Ŷѵڻ̵ĵط죿
ͩԽ˵ԽȻûͱˣҲˡ
Ҷ˵ʾĬϡ
˱µƿԣȷʵʶ·ǵˣRǵ˶ǣߴ·ԼҲ֪
ǰʮïܵĴ֣˶ܱ򾣬һɽ£ǰȻʡ
ô͵˵طֱˣ˵ĸоֻˡ
ߣҶһӣûˡ
ңͩһµӸȥŰҶʱʱµĿǰҡ
ǳĵطӣɥʬĵطǰǸСɽȣߵɽ̫ߣһȥҲ֪ʱʱؿ˶Ĺϵɽȱխ࣬ߵɽҲ˲١
ǰ߲ԶܿءӡӡլӵȵȣֻΪ󷨵Եʣ˰Ҷͩ˶
ǽȷʵ·Ҫûסܺı浽ڡ
ˣ
˵ҶеĶǱҪܵһǾͷˡ
꣬Сһ㣬˵ΣķһСľп
֪ܲܵõǸƨ֣RߣõƨֵֻмݻܣӦ֪ɣ
Դȷ˵ط˾˷˲öļꤣܲܵõô
Ҷͱú䣬RǵȻްҶĶȴһ㶼ޣڳƨ֣뷽跨õ
˵ﻹиָׯڣ˵йRǲ֪˶ֻûлѡ
һ˷ܣʱʱ̶̿ŰҶŤͷҪҶ˵ﻹˣͩҲˡ
ȥǰһƬֻ̣нµ·ʵģǻͷһȻû߹·
󷨡󷨣и̲ס˷ܵȷʵԵطˣǰҶڵѰ˸ȥǶߣ˵ܳɹ
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һҲҵ
ҪҵĻʵߣֻǿѣҶȴĿǣ˵
ͩͦصһԣҪؼ𣿡
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ס˵ڰҶͩǲһһ·ͨػصլ
Ժҹſڣǰ棬СľϼֻתȦɣʱʱֶԸˡ
ҵҪǻֶܼãطҵģ
ٷϻǹԹ԰ѵطóһʹЩ
Ϊ󷨾赲ˣûã
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ݣҪȥ
ҹȻ£ָͷָָſڡ
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ౣͩҲָԼݣȼһŻ棬׼ʱ֡
˭
үүҶһ֣ҶƬҪǮƵ˦ȥ
˲Щϡ
ΧĺҶƬģҶƬͻ滹ǲڣɱˡɱСľɱˣʱиƺһڵϴ
˲䱻ϷɵĴץһȭ߸ӵ档
ǰҶӳȥ֮ǰڴ󺰳
ʲôL𣿡
ҶȻˣǽˣ
ûȤˡҶͱúˣڶԷ۸ԼſˣȻҲһ
ʱѾȫָҶͣ˦ȥҶƬֱ͸֧ϵĴŰѾûз֮ץȭߣӵ档
Ȼи˹Цðһɺ
ͩڰҶǰ棬û׽ס
Ժ棬ã⼸ҲʱƲ
ݣܵҶǰ棬һССȭͷ
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ҹææֻҶǰõ֣ǧҶһĿʮеؿ֪ʱ䷢ʲô¡
ҶʱСӳɽϱ
ʱҲȷʵסûײؽӣǵլ档ʱڼĴǺܶ࣬Ҳǿ󷨣ǿǲŸЩ˽ֵڡ
ĹҲʮִ֪ǲǸͩѧģȻѧ͵ϮÿĶ˵ӣÿγֶЩҡ
ݣСɵľƱݵţ̣ССڵغŲ
ϵĴ׷ȥԶܹͩȥÿһƨΪ˺裬ڴ˵Ǽõζˡ
ЩӴҶûܺúóԷûԱ
ǱأҶʡ
ҹܿ֡
ţСܻؼԼݣҪȱڻûǷŹ˵鷳
СϻL棬ǱߵɭϣϢҲڰҶͩ뿪Ϣû
Ҷͷˡͩߡ
ȥԼ˯ķ䣬һѵСӳ͵ľרŷѪİۣԭҶûãϾⶫԸɥʬһɥʬֲѪ
ӴųҶ۾ؿܡ
оӾĵؿ
ҵˣǷ
ſû־޴࣬ݺݵѹȥͬʱһƺɹһȦ˲ķࡣ
ϴСС˿ڣеĵط룬Ȼֻһΰæ
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ߣҶͩһǰ
˵Ѫ Ҷ첻һҲóˡͲǷģҪԹ޾ԹҰɣȵǱߣҲҪԹǵˡ


173 
RǱΪ֮ǣȻǿѨ磬ҲRǵˡ
ԼҲմѪġһʼûͶRǣһҴ߽ĴɥʬԽԽҲԽԽ٣ټϱвڴżǨ㣬׼ͶҴ߳еʱҸİ--ҩ
ҩǷԵãԹɫˣɹˡ
ΪСֻһװҲ࣬ôͬʱȥҲȷԼţ˶뿪ֻԼһ˿ԡ
еĶħ򿪹һΣڶξ׶ˡ
ͶRǣ˻λá
й֮޲Ϊ˵
ڵҴԽԽ٣򲻵ѣҺܲԸ⿴ҶŵԷĶ
㡢ħðġͩûֱײǷɲ
Ա߻˵ʬ壬ŭĿԲһġ
Բˬɱﵣ˰Ҷȴʧˡ
ǰźɽԽİҶ֣źɽʹúټˣϲŭ޳ƺΪ
𽥷Ŵͫ׿ͩƺˣһжΪˣħ
ԶУû˶
˵ҶԼˣ̵ſڵУԼˡ
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غüֻҪ¾͸Ҵ绰ҶҪ۾ˣá
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ɵòԺҪϰͩ͵ˣǼ˸¿ˣһֻȸŽһЩĻ֪ʶҹǼҵļпܻ⣬æŵ㡣
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󹫼ҲȺԸԼſڲϿ羰߸ɴſԼ˯
ԼϹԼΪģСǲһϹֵĸ͸̬ϸɲƵģԸСദĻԣûЩһＯų⡣
ĢҪˣץʱ£ȻĢˡҶ૵ȸΣͿԼ컯ˣʵڲֻڴſˡ
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Ҳͨ˰Щ߸ɻҲܵõٳʳǵһƵͨԽԽࡣ
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ˡСӳȻŰҶ̲סʣô첻Բȣû°ɣ
ӦҶLǵ˹ݣڲѣǲõģſɡ
ɽԻͷ˽⣬Ҳ˽Ƥëѡ
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ǽȥ֮ ÿ˵ı仯ޣʱŲһ
һԼȷǿԿ϶ǣ˿϶¡ҪȻʮʱ䣬㲻Բܻķܵųɣ
˲Բȿԣųµñˡ
֪ǲɺϣڰҶʮӺ˶
˶ۼȥҲڤлأ׷׿ĵ
Ż򿪣ȳģҲǵʱһȥģﴨ
Щ㹻ҰݰǸ׳죬ﴨǸͨĲͨ ȴܲźӶڣǰ˶֪ǣﴨİ边ȻҲڡ
ֻһ˶ͨˣرر֣ͨĩǰļͥûʲô
ڳﴨֻϤ˲ϳ
ˣģҲЩı䣬ȵʮˣϵ·ԭǼȴһˡ
ܣȻѹ
仯ô󣿡иȫš
˳ˣ
ǵڶģı仯ܴͬ½½˳ʱҶܾ޴ĥ˱仯Ҳʮִ˶Ȳ٣ʴ䣬ηηˡ
Ȯ̤һ˫۾ǵϢͷһɤӡ
ԶھӵȮᣬ˷ĺ
ȮߵСӳǰ棬΢΢ͷͣڰҶǰ
ҶͷЦϲԺҼ棬ҼϹء
и̥ǵСܲܵǰǧͷҲҵʶˣﴨԼˣһŮһӣҲˣӶˣͬ˹ŮͶӣһ˴յһ𣬵˵Ż
Сӳɻ󣬵˵ʣΪβ㣬ǲж𣿡
ȮҲСӳȻ˰ҶȻڵߵߵȥԶڵĴˣͷСбȮϣеȥ
ɾͣLǵ˰Ҷ


174 
ЩȻҶйϵϻLǵˡ
벻ҪֻҪСӳɽԻͷٵ֪¾ˡ
Ҷδ֯ԼLǵɾӵĻLǵLǵ˼ݣôȻҲLǵ˵õɾʮ˺һͷȮ֮󣬱㲻ٹˡ
ﴨԼļˣǵѯʣֻǵˣĲ˵
Ϊɶ˵浽׷ʲô£û˵ﴨȴû˼ô࣬һץﴨʡ
Ѿ򿪣ȲĽȥûκ쳣ĵطϵҲǰһ
ףΪʲôȥʮ죬ȴۼû¡
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淢˵Ҳ˵Ǳ۾۾ҵܾˡﴨεҲﰡҪô˵ǾͲˡ
ʵҲмأΪ˱󣬵еʮӰû
⵱еû˵Ҳ˵ġ
ûǸҶǼҺҲȥﴨﻹǲϰݣ߶߶˵ͶˣͻСҪܾܣҲ࣬ҵϱұء
裬Ϊȥ˶ѡİûô򵥡ﴨȻȥʰҶ˳ɲܣ㻹İɡ
ⲻΪǼ룿ȥʣھȥʣҪǲУͱˡﴨǣʰʰؼңôˣʲôôûУ
ܿмСܹʵʣȵȣԭصһﴨûﴨֵˡ
Χ͵ĶȻﴨԼ˺ô˱㲻ô׽ˣҲѹ 
̫̫һ·ֵػؼңҪ˵ϢϲԼĶܣ̫̫׼Ҫ䣬˵䣬Ѷ䣬ﴨѪ飬Ȼıô
˶һꡣ
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ǿɲǣҶǸˡ˵㻰˭Ļߣñң﹩ߣ
̫̫ԽԽԼԺﻹ˺һСȰ˵֮Žݡ
һݣͷͲ˵Ҳ㶥죬˵ЩǶӳϢˣӦø˲ŶԣôŶҪϾϵˣԸҿɲԸⰡ
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ߣҹӣЩ֪ûãͲء
ͷһ룬ô¡
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ǡﴨеԥΪҶű֪жʲôˣ
˵Lǵˣøߵ̫ҶָָԼߵ̫ᱻϱǩûôֻҲֻLǵˣǻᷴɵġ
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ﴨΪһȥˣһ˳˵˶壬ҶӦܳΪͷˡ
ʱͷĲһߵģ϶Эõġ
ŰҶһﴨתͷҲص뿪
ָǰݵԽԽ࣬ΪǶʶˣĺãҲõĺá
ǽ֮ת뿪ҶҲԼҶʰˣСӳͻȥŻߵĴ
ͷСпܹŰҶС
˵ڲؼңȥǽͩСǰ˵ģ׳ۣȥ羰
ǵðҶմʱͷСпȥǿջЦΪңеѹû뵽ھͲôˣȥ濴
Ҷ˵ͷǴͷжѡ
ǲˣҶʡ
롣ͩŷ룬ѾؼһˣŻûһ죬Բôҡ
ŶҶͷˡ
СLǵʱ򣬻ȥɽϣ槼ڣʲôطȥӴͷС򵥲
ʵҲȷʵˣСҪɽϿ֮ǰߡ
ͷСرңǰǰͷ槼槼ԭǰҶģҲǰ˳·ӴҲͬˡ
СǻؼһˣٳͲˡ
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սʿһǰҶش𣬡֮һRǵ˽ûôˣܵס
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źɽڻûԼ»ڵȴԼֵ֣ͩĸʧ϶С
СܰҶ۲ܵȼôߣҪΪǸġǾһȫҲ򲻹Щսսʿǡ
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һʱûǧ˻һ·ģǸǰһģÿΧսʿǶ̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ҶǧͺܸˣڲʺϹȥ
ЩĲҪǧʣȻеǰȥϸ˿ƺ䣬ûôձɣһƵġ
LǣҡҶЦԭĿľǶԸRǣĶν
Щ˶ԸR֮󣬻LǵˣҶĹϵ϶ԽԽֱʧں
ŶҪʼˡǧȻ˵
͵͵ȥǽҶ
ǽܿԭͺͺģڽ˲tһЩĽҶǧͶ棬Ҳֱ⿴õͷ
СӳɽԻͷԼεϳǰӸµؿ档
źɽںԶԶĵطСӳ۾˸ȵڻȥǾͱǲˣ
ߡźɽߡ
Сܶ
L򿪣˳ˣϢʹô벻֪ѣοLҲRǱȥˡ
RСܺ˴𣬡һΪʲôڣ
Ƕ˭ֵãһһźɽ˭ҪѣǾͱҲ
ͨСܴȻһ˶һͬʱ׽ţǲһѾûˣźɽҪһ
ⲻǹĵģֻҪԼܵϻͺˡ
һʱRСʿǣܡۻҵس֡
ʱﴨڳǽϡ


175 
ౡͩССһ¡
ͷСлͷҶͷèܳԼ˸εĽ䣬Ӹµ濴
ǽƵɫСϻëϸĻǵĴڡ
խǧԼռһ룬ҶͱȽСͩĴϡ
ҶԼûʲôǧ߿˺üۡ
ͩǳ˵ģ§ŰҶôôǣֵܼ䲻еĸо
֪ͩʵݣǰͩ
ʱֻͩҪССһֻë׵ģץǦͷͲݸֽܹһддһ߸ĵݸһͩһ
ˣǸҶӰ룬ָͨ˲һ
źİҶרעؿǰ棬˿ûע⵽ͩ˶ڻ˵֪ΪΣԲȥ롣
ǵǰҶ˵ڴͩˡ
ֻͩ˵ͬʱҶԼȴСˡ
ҶǳˣǧȻʡ
ǽϣﴨһֵʱRСܶûӦܿ죬Ӷ˳֣һͷĴ󹷡
֣ﴨ
֣ɣ֪ǲǴʮȻ˲ĵطա
Ǵ
ΧսʿǶ𾪣ǿʮͬʱ֣϶Ҳﲻĳ̶ȣʮ˿ҲǺ
ֲ̫ʮ˿һεȻ̩ɽѹѹκ˷Ӧʱ䡣
漣һսʿ૵
ֻ漣ݣЩ˵ҲԭܵˣܼߣɱɥʬһôûСȻǸˣǰԼʵŴƵġ
ûе֣RСܲˣᱻͬˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷأһ²ǧ˵ʲôֵֺĸо
ǵԼǰһֱţһܱͩˣܳʲôԼһΪѵʱ򣬾һʱֻͩ
ͩѧϰĻ֪ʶͩдҵͩ˽ˡ
ʱҶΣͩһˣһԼϲӣԸԷһ
ĩǰҶȻһֱ ʵҪǿúÿ˧磬ĺõˣҲ࿴ֻۣûиһ뷨ѡ
ȻǸе˾ԼǰҲûųԼ˼رϲԼֻҪͷ˾˳µһ
ֻҪͷ
ǰҶһֱûͷȻأ΢΢ü֪Ϊʲôûǰָоˡ
ȷԼԼǸоȴһˡ
񡭡һָƵġ
ΪǼ£Ҷ˵úǧ𪻹ˣָͩ
Ҷü֪ǲĸǼйϵʱͱһg
ûµġͩԺõġ
ʲôطãΪ飿ҶüҺĸǰ̫һ
ǰܸʲô飬ں侲˺ܶ࣬ɾʮô£ҲܺƽƲϵ
֪⣿ҶٿĶ
ͩǧһۺܲˣٵͷҶɻӣֻõԲ𡭡
پȻˣȫǸˣȫǸˣҪôʱ⵹ҪôֱӴԽûô¡
ڤڤУͩʦͨˣȻСһȦԸҲϸ΢ı仯侲࣬Ҳ·о˵ĸ顣
Ϊ˽ԡ˹ͩ
ҶĻҪͦãһŬԭӡ
ѹԴԼѹͩʱʱ̿ȥ촵ţˣֻҪʱŻȥ˵仰ͩǰҲǲһģûô֡
ˣ˵ˣ㲻Ҫ롣Ҷţõ飬ĶҪ
ͩЦصصͷ
֮ʶ£ȻǰҶԼҲвǶûϣǧֱӵŸͩ˵
֪ǧΪʲôô˵ֻһ˵
ҶǧһۣרעĿĶҲ˵ע档
һ֣ʱڲ֮أǽ̶ɶҪʹãRǵСܾû˿֮
źɽ̫ˡҶüҵ¶ˡ
Сĵ㡣ǧûֹ
Ҷͷ
СӳͰ˱̶ɸкܶ࣬ȷһʧ֮󣬰ҶŴǽԵ
ɤӿСܣԼαװҵʱ֪أźɽЩ˾ûֹͣСõʱԼǣѡȥɽ
ǻأҶʡ
ǰҶ¶ˣ˭ҪץҶܳΪŵˣ
ϰ
ǻں
溰ʲôĶУһι
Ҷһ󺰵أҸвֻ֮Ҫҳȥ
ҳСˣ

Ҷһ˺һϵıҲϵǧ޷죬RСܶˣû뵽һȻĸҶǳ
ǰЩһϳǽѰҶˣڰҶ˳ǽʼˡ
ôЩϷ绯ء
һֱںźɽȷǰҶ߻һ֮ܵûеһʱȥҪϵҺߵ 
ֻȥһֱûжҲˣɳȥ˶û˶
ǡʱ򣬰Ҷ󺰣ǹɰΪ͵ϮҼҾˣȫɱˣһҪ
źɽ޺޵ֻĿǰߡ
Ҷ֪źɽƽʱϢĵطʱж첻˵ˣһööҶƬ˦ȥСȫꡣ
ߣźɽߵǰ棬һҶƬʱ
أҶӡ
źɽɫؿͩ߶ڵĺȴǸӦвҲҪ
źɽһţöͷ³һƺͷ·Ƶģڶۿðź⡣
Ҷ۾һϤΣУԼӲˡ
֣ͩһööɳȥѺ˻
еͷ˲ͷƣźɽɫѿȷˣ϶ͩڳǽȫǸ֣ʮ޼ˣðȥĻ»Σա
ʱɽԻͷɽȫ¶棬ֻҪźɽǾаհ¡
ԣҶһеҶƬ˦ȥ
źɽһһҶƬȫڣԼ򲻶Ϻˡ
߰һأУѵҲû𣿡ҶȻһЦȫŶԭǶˡ


176 
еĻˣһߵˣĳ
ȷһ֮źɽ˺ܴĻ𣬵ոջصRǣʧôûõʲôôҪȶĵʱźɽֻǿѹŭ𣬰Rǵˡ
ĸҪȸı춯ȴûеڶֻ
˵źɽνLǣʧ޴˵ʲôûõRǵĴСССȻû˵ʲôȴ΢ʡ
źɽֶι죬Ҳǻ˺ܾòѹȥ⵹Rʵ˺ܳһʱ䡣
RǣLǲûףΪǽвѪɥʬкüͷ弶ɥʬ
Ҷʱ£ȥԡ
ߣͩҲȤ
ǰ棬·ϵɥʬȫɱսʿ½½ʼնɱɥʬ
弶ɥʬȷʵѶԸҶҲûо飬ͩ弶ɥʬ弶ɥʬͷǳӲѰֶθ˿ڣڰҶҶƬѰ㣬ҵɥʬ߹ǣиΪͻƿڡ
ɱҶһȥ
ͩ¶ǻ棬Ҳɥʬ̫ͩȻڽڰˡ
ɹɱɥʬҶ˿һط
ɥʬϣҶժһЩӣ·Ż
ʵĳǽʱ¥ݣ¥ݵսʿкҶȥ
ﴨγ˺ܴķͷɱɥʬСӳɽԻͷ飬ҶһͿҲڣ֪ʲôˡ
ˮҵǶһ㣬Ч̫üڵаٵһꡣ
һսʿǾֲһҪӪҺάչˣôһ꣬˶÷ˡ
ܾᣬԭԹɽԻԼһǣֻȥ˼ˣûôʵ̫ˡ
ȷʵˮģںܶеĴͷˮ˲ãеĺôȻö˵þˡ
ĩǰ׵λߣô˵ˮǿܲǴųϱһĴųϸϸֻСĴųһССʯһСĴųӰ쵽࣬ĴųӰԴתһ꼾ڱ仯ǳȵȡ
˵ͷͷǵȴǭ¿ʾ֭ôһˮһʱ䡣
ͼأҿҶҶҲеоܸܲĽ
ŶһǰҶһ㶼ûҵæóͼֽ
ҸҶҲ磬ΪԼţʶټҶĺ޻֮ﻹš
ͼֽһĿȻԷλڵĶǷˮ֮һĻûһ˿ëĺڹ̫ʯľһЩ춯岿λȵȣеİҶʶеĸû
˼ҲܿЩһĥսʿڵа
㿴ܲ޸ġҶָһطǷۣžˣ
ܹĻá÷ˮг֮ټӿ죬ǿֻҪ꣬¾УǾ˵ͷӦ۾ʱˡ
ҪҶаѾͣ
һսʿǾ͵Ƶɽϡ
ҶûǱҲпŵķӡ
СӳͰˣսʿȫ˵ɽϣ俪ʼԴɽԻͷͿʼ׼Щ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
ɫûëĴڹһ࣬ûоܣĩʱ˵Ĵڳһֱȫĸڡ
ڹ͹ˮɫƤëһᷴ⡣
Ϊģһ˵Ժڹɽϣסˣв˵ģǣŴڹˡ
ͬʱĻаҶˣŶʵ
ͷëǲһɫȺܳ·ʱرţϤĵط͸ˣӰҶܳĴк
ھӵھӵھӣٺ٣ϰڹٸϰ࣬˵Ƕ֣ˣҪȻôܰѴڹôáЦϧڹһֱû졣
ĩ׵еľЩﹷɥʬﹷĻɥʬ˳϶ȥ˺ҧ󲿷ͨûĶɥʬֻٲֱܹ
ڳǱ칷ûĶĴڣԼˣԼˣͨͱЩץȥˡ
ġҶûУԵǲȱģһϲԹҲеġǶߣͷһԷҵһ붯ְæ
ææҶٽȥһľ˾ôˡ
Щ˶СӳɽԻͷεóģҶLǿ϶ûжٴҪ֪˸ͷʵҲǻôװŶܳ
ϴʹţڹſԼλϣ˶Ժӡ
еΣϴλҲ磬û뵽ھͺƤԷˣǰ׼ҵĹһε俴Ҷ˵ϴҲģǰҶ˵ﶼں֮ڣֻҪҳ־ܴˡ
أԹҶĻҪǵңһ㵱𣬷׷ĺҲðѳˣҪǰңҲмġ
źɽΪ̫࣬ҶǴ򲻹Ҳһźɽʧء
ģԺ󲻻㲻¡Ҷˡ
ɡҶְһ
˴󿴵Ҫˣ۾ȫ
Сӳǧ𪶼˳ʦæΪ˳̨ٴαʱ֧иרŵСƳŸָĵϡ
ҹĶ꽴ⷿóķѽ͡´ס״ס飬ԼϾƣƤȵȣЩĩտʼʱռصطУΪӳڡ
սʿŴӣһ˿ߡ
áãҶǰ溰
̧ž޴ĺһȫ۵ȥŻԶţûѹƬϹ
һڵҲû±ӣϵĲ˸ָʲôͳʲô
ųţͿˡ
զˣϵĲ˳Ե̫죬̻ʵسһæԼʢڶ룬һཷ棬԰Ե˾ûˡ
һ˳ԵҲ̫ˣϻᣬƴһȥʢһ˵ҳһѹˣҪˡЩ̫óˣΪ֮ҲԲˡ
ٺ٣Ҹ˵ҴڹˣԺ춼ЩóԵģ
ܴڹôڹؼ𣿡һ㶣ʶҶȻȴлҪš


177 
˶ˣҶһƨ֣ϵ˶õĲˣ΢ġ
Դӻ֮ûȸôˣҽĳ˿ⷿ͵ؽûȥĵطȥˣȻҲûȸ
ȸȥĶˣҶʡ
ݣľ׮СľõһСװţȥͦô¡
Ҷ£СԴʣ֪
ݣͷ
󣬰Ҷһ·ǰԺԺٵأڽҵȸ
һ￴ȥеңƺ˵㣬ϵëҲе޹⡣ΧһСľγһȦȸȦ档
ͷմСҲڣſ棬һһƵġ
ƣԲǰҹСǸɵģȻҲͩǾӦЩˡҶЩһܻȸȺû뵽ôż
ȥͩҶµǰҲ 
СҶ˵Ļˡ
ͩ˵ĴڲʮַרŵĹµģϸĸһСƵģ˵컹˾ÿᣬȻҶһζû
ȸźڶۣͰ͵ؿŰҶֺؿֻаƴСģȴһ
ݣ˸ɾҶŲ档
ҶҲϯضͬб򾣬ֻڱѾ첻ʲôвˣײֶܴˡ
ܿ죬ܻͩǼͷرţҲʮ־޴Ĵ
ʣΪʲôȸҶȤæͩæ
ౣͩͷʼѯˡ
ҶͿͩȥƺӣֻëʰ쵣ᷢƵģβر𳤣߹ʱβ𻹻ϵϣʱرÿ
һͷǴɫ·Ƶģ۴ʲôǶȿһɫצӺͶˣʮ䡣
Ŷͩܿ˵ͷȻŪˡ
Ҷʮֺ棬̲סչȥץͩĸ첲 ΢΢˿ûע⵽ԼĶͩԵʮ
ҪǻǰҶ϶Լܲȴͩɫ΢ܿЦץŰҶĸ첲ԼһԼ
˵ȸ˴ͩ
ҶȸֻüȥLǡ
ȸէȰҶһߣͰԼϰߣ׼ѡһط˯ǵɵԼõĵطţȴǰһڣһֻ;޴ĴʮֲƵؿ
ԭطģȸֻ÷ߣұĵط
ǰԺǺԺ˵λñȽϺõĵطȫռˣȸ˺üطߣܲȥЩͨļһ׼ɣοܽʵ겻ȥ
ɵʱ̫ټʱҲûܺúóԶȸʳ۵ˣԥȥҪԡ
ʱĴ¡¡ܳͬȸˡ
ȸˣȻرױ Լ뷨ԼûطϢԶܳԣǰԺԺûԼλãֱȥ˺ء
ׯںöడָׯڶУûģȸԵġ
Ȼշȥûü죬ðһͷСдһܿ񣬰ȸ쵽䡣
Сľ嵽Χרſȸģǲȥ
ôطȸҪˡ
ʱͩ˵ĶôðֻҪطѧϰĻ֪ʶԺܸ˽нҲĻȸ
˵õĲһȸԼܱƭˣˡˣҪӳȥӲȥЩһ̫ˣǿȥ̵СУҲװȦ
ǵҶʱȸȴԼʵҲûôίرί
ǰǹµģͩεС֮һȥüRǣҲȥץҰȥLǺüΣʶ㣬ʮִ
Ǽһﲻعء
ϢĵطҲȥҳǵķ
սҲûаʶʶʲô
ȥ͵ׯڳԣǸĳͷ
ÿôæп춢ãʲôʱԼˣˣʲôʱų
ͩæ룬ҶȵĶ֪˵ʲôˣԭ֪Щû뵽ôСᣬֱǹرϽĴ˾Ҷϰİ
Ǹʾʲô𣿡Ҷɿһʡ
һʼҶûйصģԴӰҶѹպöϰҶƴָͩӣЩ󷨣˴仨ˮ֮
Щ˽ˣ޹زɷԲȻ֮Ҫء
ǰǣŲ̫ĺǣ㿪ҹ˵ߣ͵ſ˻ᡣ
ǹؾͳˣ˯ϢĵطǸԵĵطҵķ趼Ҫã֮͵ԣĢĵطء˵صȵȣ¶˹أÿֵĶһͷҪиʵȽǿĸˡ
ϴȥLǣԼҲͩѡʣµѡ
Щһ֮Ϊȼ٣֮ҪӰɻġ
ͩһһ˵ţҶĿɿڴҲ̫ϸˣû뵽ǣЩһﾹȻô
ʵҲЩֻǴƿǿʼ͸֮Ӵı춯٣ӴĻ࣬ܶණҲǸѧϰ
ټͩôĴڣһʼѧľˣЩƿǣر¶СǣҲѧ
ЩһͲģû仯ˣȻȲϳ࣬ǸСӿ϶ࡣ
Ҷһһ㶵ģҲˣȸǣúý̽ء
ౣͩ
ʮص˵ͷܻһ۲ݵСнһСеͷſԱȸ
Ȼû̫ЩһôģȸְҶ˶ûųʱﲻίе㺦£Ĳһ
RǵʱȻһرãһЩֲûиԣƽʱżҲˣԵҲõġ
RǵС֪ܶһĳ۷ɵﶼܵõܶעĿҲû˸˺ġ
ԭΪҶ߹Ļӣô
޹زɷԲȻˣҪԺӣھ͵͡ҶĳúѧϰɡҾ㲻̫Ӧúܿܳأ
ʱȸ˵ľĻμס˰Ҷ˵Щ
ԺȸڼѵѧĻ֪ʶܸ򵥽֮󣬿ż춯ʱʱԼĴʵǺܲġ
ԹҶ˵˾䡣
뿪أûǱߡ
Ҷһ㲻ģͩȸ°ɣ
ᡣ㱻ͷҲֻǷſӦⲻ󡣲ȸûôѧܺ



178 
ЩֲԳԵıֲȵȣ˻رҪҶﲢȱЩŸҪˡ
Щ߳ѰֻԽԽ٣ڼ̫ҵĩǰµʳֻܰһЩõʣʳǿıֲʵ
ڻûоֲҶʮֲ졣
˱򾡣СӳڲϢЩоԱµ룬򾲢죡һ
Щûı򾣬ͨҲеģɥʬҲС
ҵ򾣡Сӳֻƽʱı򾲻һоԱǲı򾣬򾲻ô࣬һǱġ
ֱڣûоɥʬγɵԭҲûУ򾶼ûоס
ҶܾĲܿףҲΪʲôıô࣬ϡͶٱֱ򾡣Щͨ仯ģôҶֵصʱڿΪʲôֿôˣֻͨ䶯
ЩεĵطŲû˷֣Ӧǲ֪ԭԲ½ۡ
ϣо硣Ҷ߻ãͨ˸ȥ棬ѵֻڳ
ǰֻСӳоԱǱһǵˣ͸¶һϢ
ʲôҶʱ͸Сӳ˵ˣڹȥôãȻûʧϢˡ
еоĻһоģо󡣡Сӳɫе㲻ÿ˳²飬ֳʧٵһЩˣԭӦñ̷档
СӳϵıܾᣬҶе˼Գ֣еĽˣֻǴϢûг֣Ǿǻб¡
ԶСһҶӣֺõظͷСгԡ
ͷСв飬ԲҶӣצڵдˣ1+1+Сˡ2ΪͷСлˣֱӱˡ
Ҷˣ̫԰Сشȷˡ
Ϊشȷűӵġͩһ⣬Ҹ˵ģ2˵ǳЦ˼
ͷСо͹дô򵥵ѧ⣬СشԼЦԼٱС档
Ĳ
ҶԭΪԼܴЩһٴ϶ҲˣתŶԣСǱˣˣԼûء
ҪԼ򵥵ѧ⣬С϶ش˵ᷴЦȥ治˰ͷëף˵궼һ˵СС
ˣҶȻһ
Լұ춯ô࣬ƽʱҲͲԵöôڿСֺСУҶȻȻоǿ϶սߵı
һǰñ󲻻ĻһӦøòŶԣǰõıų黹ˣջܶࡣ
ҶԼ뷨һ˵СӳȻɫǺܲÿǵ˵ͷ
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ڲLǣҴ߳Ҳ˵õֱ󡣡СӳɫܲÿҵЩһ²࣬ӦܿơΪò֡
֪ˡҶͷ
һǰڿ϶鲻ʲôǸαļɥʬ֤ҲпȻγɣʱҶûȥң֤ݿ϶Ҳˡ
ǰҶе㲻ģԭΪ㲻ܱҲоһ¡
ó𣿡ҶߣпյĻµЩȮɡ
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RǻͷˣĸźɽʱƲɾ͵ʮλٲȻLǷ˼
Ҫ˵Ҳ֣ﴨǰǸͨˣȻеС˴ɨĲ£̫ͨˣһӣĩǰĩ󶼻ͨͨġ
ΪһҰҶҪģٳ֮ȻܣʮλУܵȼߵģսҲǿģǼΪرģʮλԸ˵аϴ˼
ʮλʲôʱСӣƽʱǸԸɸԵ飬µʱֻҪﴨټͶ֡
ȮҲԼֻֻҪﴨټͻ
ȻҶ⵽ΪʲôҲ²⻹ָ˵ʵ̫ࡣ
ﴨǵһҲǵһڤڤиϴࡣ
ɾʮˣǸΪ˭Ҳ˭Ҫﴨ˴
ԺҲ֤Ĳ룬ʮλʲôֻҪﴨ˵ʲôǾһΪģ
ʮλǰ棬ҶķͷС˺ܶ࣬ڸϢ˵RǣLü¶
ҲһЩйرϢֻҪйر춯Ϣܿ
һЩ;޴󣬿ȥԲ۾һ۰׶ûУʮֺ̬䣬ȷʵܻӭٺܶ˿֮󶼻뷨
ЩϢҶ۱䣬֪Щ᲻⣬ǱԲҲߵЩоԱͱˡ
İȫΪʲôֱӹ̣
׼ˣͩܽԼֻͳ籦
ҶҲֻͳ籦
ԺѾ׼СƳֳҹϡССҵͷȥԽԽ񼦵ĹĸԼҶǰԼɳսһһĴСУҶĵȴš
Ҷƿߵ
ݣӰҹ·ϣСľҲ˷ܡ
ӳLǵɽϺܰȫ涼ôȫɥʬǲֲ࣬ͱ춯ǡӡ졢ȵȣЩڷֳ죬Ҳ࣬ɽٲȻԭʼɭһĺۼѾȫʧֻǰլӻܿ
ץԸⲻԸ˳ȻɱҶǿ
ͩҲһġౡţҲݡĽš
ҷɢÿ߶ͷһͷսһͷǸųģ۹⡣
ֲܷĳЩۼǶȴԣѰҲı춯ѡ
а˸ߣݸӼ񣬱ֵʱĿ¶׹⣬ǳߣײпˤ
ιԸⲻԸߣĺģҶʡ
ش׺ݵײӡ
Ա߷ɹһŴӱץסȭߡ
ϣֻΰͻֳϣץġ
ҲҰ֪ǲǰҶԼƫܾЩҰܳҲҰȻúǿǲǸӡ
ץ˴죬ֳˡ
Ҷеʧڶûܸ˹ͨ΢ºһЩı춯ѵǵĺ٣ǿ׳
ҲѹֳϡС


179 
Ǹ׺ܵϿˣһ㣡ͩں񱼣ٺǰҶ
һͷ˲ͷȻ϶խ̫÷ɣչǰɵţצĴɸı䷽
лһķٶȿˣ˲׷ϰ׺꣬һ죬ϵ
׺͵Ļͷë׵ϳʮԻľֱ飬һûܽ棬ϵİëһ£һ齹ڡ
һצӰں겱ϣֻҪצһƺĲӡ
׺¶ı飬Ϊ
ʱҶſ׷ܶȡ
һԸⲻԸңֻܰƤˣҲ֪ζΡҶͲϣˣֻҪץı춯ûпǵġ
׺ˣСצҶҾ
ҶһûӦ
׺ԼɱٴҾëġ
Ȼ̫ˣһҶ˵Ҳûջǻؼң
ֳŻ
Ҷ׺꣬Լ߸ĴĳضҲ㰲ˣȸһѧأʲôʱѧ˹ʲôʱɡ
໡ʮص˵ͷ
ȰҶɿ֣׺תתŴǰߡ
ȻȥʮƯǰ׺֪ϲƯģƯһʵֻǺѣץǸ٣ǰ˵ǻƿ
ǰ׺رϲԼĩøܣûץҰԣǰֻζӦûرá
ȵҶ˿ĵط׺ģһţ¶յı飬͵ŴĲӿȥ
໡һȷɰ׺꣬ؿһһۣȸѵͷ˵
׺ҪˣЩƯëȻֻƯһƬƵģวʱЩëر˳
һ¾ˣ׺곹ײΣԹԱȥ˺أܳͷ
ڼѵıĸȸŤͷ˿Ĵһ֪ΪʲôʱԼȻеֻ
ԳɹȫƤëпյʱƤӣʲôĶűķŵейͷеûйͷ
СץֻҰϲ̵Żؼˡ
ⶼϣȻûŵϺΣζʮڰҪŵ˳Ʈζ
СӳԿԱ߻רŵֱͷֻСӳİȮԼ泵
ǴӦҶģ˾Ӫ֮ͿʼֱֱֳڿҲ࣬˵ҪȥɽϣΪ˰Ҷġ
ͣڴڣ³С
ӻͨĴӣͷûзųׯں͹Ӷûųóɽϲſֱ˺ܲ
ȥʮͨľŻ򿪣˶ſ֣ϴףԺŴ
Ƿ׷׽ԺӣԹŶãͷһתһ裬һ֮á
ֱ˶ˡ
ǰҶҷۣҪȻ϶ῴĵֱЩȷʵҲûݣʩչܰ
ǿʲô˼
ֱҲ̫Īˣֲ
費ÿҿҲаȮʮģ
ҪȮͺˡ
ҲȥֱǱ󣬿ɹԿɹԣɴɴˡ
ҶֻĻЦҨС׽Ƶ׷ŵ
ҵ׵ʮ࣬ĻʱһΧ۵˶ʶ˿ڿˮ
ʳõıֲֻܵõʱû֣е׶ǴɽȥҳԵ˺ٺ١
ţһĴͷðŽ
ƬررʵİײҶӨ͸ģð׷һȥ̵⡣
ֱָʽĩǰĩʳĿ伫ΪصĩЩȻʳģðŵֱӯ
Щ˵ֱĵ˶ʱ죬ӣԼܸĻŵζƵġ
ҶȻֱʣд˾ȻôóԵĶ
Ҳ뱻Ҷ롣
ѾͼУ
Ļһ䣬ʱ𱬵ʳƵ
ʱֱҶһһ谡ŶӣСӳ鷳һ¹ǳԷӡ
ϡСӳӦš
ҪԼոſѪڳһڣȻ˹˹ԵٶҲ죬ҲûмĹ
Щһʮִ֪ڸʲôֱһһʿ
Ļһͣ˺һ˵ǿ˰죬ԭǸԵĹ
ǣֻǹҲԡ
Լһ
ı춯ԽԽ࣬ﵹżܼ⣬ǼǮܹһ˳Բ𰡣ҶʵǴֱˡ
֪ǹҲȴ˳Եĺö˰һĽڹۿֱȫǳʳġ
⼸춼ֱ쿪ʼḶ́ѵḶ́ѵ춯йأȤ˿ԿСӳܽᷢԣȻȲĹֱ
ǳԱˣʣµľǴˡ
ֻôԼ֣Сӳÿɽϣòõţϳõļλսʿβˡ
еɿڣڼֱɰ⣬еˮƬաһһ̵Ķ
иսʿֱֱֹӣֱӶгĻƹϣպԣһˣ
ͷһһŵм䣬ԶپͳԶ١
٣Ҫֱȥۿ÷иսʿٺٵ
ˣҹӵҲû𱬣
ǣ
رɵĳ˷Сӳ뿪æŪֱ豸
ȮŹµѵ
ڰҶѵǼ򵥵֡ſ¡ȿҪѧϰĻ֪ʶϢʱ仹
ֱͩϴ칷Ϣʱ䲻ͣЪ
ÿֱĹۿԽԽ࣬ÿ춼һǶдͷ˺ʳĹ۷Ź⣬ֻҲ̫ϧˣԼҲа
ģֻŹȻûм٣Ҳע⵽˱ĵط
ȥͷȮдҲͰˣȻҲȴˡ
ƴƴƴǸдˡniaoƴ
񣬻
ھͿȮһֻܵһߣǲĵطȥˮȻܻ
ôѵأ
ҪҲг϶ҪȥҶѵЧ̫ˡ
ҾӦЧ̫ˣЩֱ̥ǣҪǻǹӣҶΪˡ
ȻҶķˮرá
ϣҲгﰡǹ
Ļһ䣬һ˵Ĵûгͨˣ߻ûտֱҲУֻǺܵ͵ûзĻҲû˽ŰҶ;
˼Ҿĵģȥ ֱ˰ҶҴſڡ


180 
һԣջһֳҳһ٣ʣ²٣˷ŵУԵʱó
Ҷݺݳ⣬еˣȥǱ߿˿ժ˲ˮ
ЩƻŻͦģЩĹӲһҶоֲӦҲϸֲֻ֣ͨͱֲô򵥣춯ͨ˵ұ춯ҲΪǵĺûпǵġ
ǾҰޡޡ¡ͩٺЦǾߣԺ϶ܶɽٷġ
һҶûзϣҲû֪ͬͩΪе뷨
߸оûôǿ弶۷壬ҲԼڵܣƽʱָֻ֪վ˻ٶȿһ㣬վˣȻȻҲָܻ
ûܵҲͨսָ߲һ
ҰҶԼܹܺŹ֣ĿǰΪֹûͬĴڡ
ݣܽ
Сһֻ·һǰҹģСĳۣкܾµСľͱ󣬿ȥرȡ
ڼȻûˣЩѾĻˣ᲻˵ҶȻ¡
һﲻһּɣҾװ׵СģҲû٣սͣѰ߲۸ҪǱ֪ĻҶ֪ᷢʲô
ӦᡣͩУౣ
ݣݣָָſڣȻһһˡ
ҹ棬ץĿرܿص·ˣϸ
ҶɫŹ֣ȻԼǰҲϲͩ·ݣŮ˵·ֻʱʵǿҪһ㣬ڼûüɵĴˣźɽҲʧء
ȻùôŮ 
˸ˡͩģˣӦǱİɡ
Դ֮ׯڷʳõ䣬ǵסȵȣЩʳոշŵֻҪһţͻߡ
ýӿŵӣӦò١
ȥҶڵ
ǰҲвߺߵլӣҲһЩǰݷõģҶһ㶼档ǱߵǱߵģѣýӣֱҪʲôֱþˡ
ȻصܻǾʹеĵط
Τ磬ĹܺóԣŶ˵ܺÿҲǡΤû뵽յһžͿˣǰҶԿš
뿪ߵʱû˵ʵˡ
ɽ󷨣ǶҪ¶⣬ԶҲҲӵĴڣȺɽǰǰϸӵСкġ
濴Ʒƽ˾ȴû˸ߡ
ǰǻɽĴ߶߶Դ󷨣ټźɽĸѾû˸СɽЩƽķ羰
ΤвòȥլӵɣӲͷƤÿһսսߵլӿͨľǰ棬ϳ˺ü֪ǰľĻǻþ
СֻۣڰҶŵ˲䣬ǰΤ˲ʧͺû˵Ĵһ
ˡˣʵ㣬ƫҪһСɽ߶źɽĴ󻤷ߣǶˡ
ܹ˭ֻܹԼ
լſڻи˵ǵأһͷߣ綾ޱȡҪǱҧһڣǵ͵ûΪˮ
ǱˣɽϻһƢܲãµĴ󹫼
˻һ˶һͱս˵ˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷ춯࣬ҲЩƬƵۿĴȴֻ࣬ŻῴЩԺŵĴ񣬻Сĳ槼
Щһͷ󹫼󣬲ΪģΪһϲ£ǰһͼǷŮߡǸŮ߳÷ǳƯʱڳСһ붼׷ߣΪǷ⣬󹫼ˡ
뵽ͷ󹫼Ĵ󲿷˶˵ˡ
ϴ²ˣиҪԲеľ²ˡӵĹأ˽вң´򡣡иС˵
˵һ룬˶ܣ̲סʣأ
ǳֻ󹫼һһһȥ֮˺ü죬˵²˵˺üҲΪˡ
ǳĬû˸˵ˡ
󹫼ѵһٻãͿֲˡ
Ҷʧһ꣬ʧûʧףɽ˻ûҶֳˣʱٴˢ˴ڸУû
˵ҶƴɽƸۣҪɽ飬ȥ˻˺òƨֺʹ̶ɣʣҲûбĶУ˵Ļ䣬ڵĲУҲˣڼ漣
ʵ󹫼Ҳûô£ÿζ£Ϊ£û¡
ǰȻǴΰˣôҰȻȥˡǴҾǳ嶯Ҫ²˻ؼҰӲɣĺܺ£ҪǱǸ˵ϣڿѾɥʬˡ
˵͵죬Ϊ˵ĲͬĿˣǹӵС硣
СЦҶŰ󹫼槼죬г£槼Ӳܵġ
˲ؿſڹ̨ϣβ·ƵĴ񣬷׷׵ͷһڿʼ˵ȴûΤˡ
ֻ̨棬Сûеڶ˿󹫼ſ˯
󹫼ڰҶ˵Ƚһ㣬ҲôԼڰҶʱ򣬾ô󹫼ʱӵĿˣ̬ȺĴ󹫼˵Ҫģ˽ᣬȥ
ɡҶһۿΤ绳¶ͷСԴֱӿ˿ڡ
ллллΤ绹ΪԼᱻ⣬û뵽Ҷȥ
ϵļôҲβסеԺȶǲġ
˵Ѱ׼Ҵȫ仨ˮ˵󷨵ľԺӣ˵кܶĪĴڡ
дţԺһռ䣬Ķµġ
Τ翴˿Ըո»ɴţıǩأԶһϹڴ磬ԶĵطͷСзɿܹ͸ѰĸƿǵļһģһҲбðҲ
ͷȥͨĴ׶е߹
ĩǰԺӼÿũ嶼кܶ࣬ûгĵط
ܾúܾԺΤףĩУеĵطڷ仯ֻû䣬ĿڣͷСܾúܾԺ󣬻Ǹӡ


181 
ȻҶ
ʵǲ֪ôˡΤĵԲȣֻҪžͻܣײͷҪɱ
ȷʵ򡣡Ҷ
ǧϹһϹ͸˺ܶɾϸɲƵģر𵭶ڻָ̬ˣҲỵ̈յİй۲Ժ¶ֻͲһˣʮֱ겻˵ҿ˵رޡ
ౣָͩͷѸͷҪģ
ҶҲѸٴ£ûĵȥˡ
ߴߴֻСرشչë׵شչȥѧŰҶ̧צȥѸ
ˡ
ΤҪˡ
ȰɣҶóֻ˿ԱһϵͼƬϳ
Сһֻж꣬רҵֳСȣһֻһͻΤֻѾܴܴˣĩʼʱģֻڿеҡ
ȷȣҶûͦ˼ģΤݣǳϿԼˡ
ҹŰҶȻ
ˡҶͷ
ݣӰҹ·һܵ
Сȷ˭˭ԭΤڰóϡ͵͵۲ĲУʱڵõܳ˳ɳȥϣ۲졣
Τһ
Сֻаƴ󣬵֫پȫС·СľȥǸС˰
ݣΤһСľ档
СԽˣͷС۸ԼұQһ۵ģֻš
Сľջصɳϡ
ǱиСĹӣԼĶ򿪹ӣӣܻ棬˹ӸСȳԡ
̫⣬ܼ˲࣬ƽʱǶڰҹ·ˣܳʶѣرˡ
Ӧò⡣ҶҵֲӦܵãƢ̫ð
ǰõ㡣ΤС
տʼʱΤȺܶ࣬ĩ󣬶ɥʬɥʬʣһˣûûãˡ
Ժ󣬻ȾԽԽ꣬üѰΤ綼ˣֱڶֻܹ
ͨһһԵ⵹ǿ⡣Ҷһܣȵ״̬˲٣ﱩҲˣֵҪǲĻҼס죬ȽЩһĥĥӡ
ȻǱģѾǣǾͲܱȥסûˡ
ͨûбļǸǰһͷñǰ˵㣬ҲǼǱģѾԵطֿ
Ҷá졯ֲͳظȫĩǰĶһģһļٴˣ󶼷˱仯еĸеȴûС
ͩ˵öԣҰޡޡ޵һЩ
ΤûסڰҶլסǵˮ෿УƷһӦȫȱʲô
С̫ϣҶֱӴץӸԼҼˡ
ֻСиСȵĿͷ࣬һһܹСȼм䡣Сȷǳֻ꣬Ҳر˳ۣҪҧ㿪ˡ
ȻСٴ죬³һڿˮ
Сͬ׼³һڻ𣬰ѿˮյˡ
ܺܿ°ȻиʴԣСл˻ӳ򣬴Сϡ
ûӦر
һֻСҲһпֵܣĻ̶ôعأ֪ǼҵĹ𣿡
ȻûӦ
Сģ̾˿ˣȥǱ߰ɡ
ߵһһܣܣͷСѹѹأ׼ͷʼ
Ǳ߻һֻȸʮּѵıĸһֻȥʮִİ׺꣬ƵſŲڽܳͷ
ţΰҶûԥΪ֪ŵ˭
ȮŹǽܿСӳҲˡ
ֱֿʼˣҶǰ׼õʳ
⡢棬ţʮ־µذǳԣ֮ˮرٵһ̡
˵ֱˮˣСӳ̲סˮ
Сӳ˾ֳȹǳ˶ͷͻʱŲѧϰϣʱҾͿھͷ涯ԼʲôĲ˾ͿȥժʲôĲˡ
ʽӿҪ˰Ҷȥժ˼ʽ׼Ƭԡ
ֲʽûӣҲǳģټ֡õӻǶĩǰµģ⼸ʱȥʣµѾˡ
ǱбӣҪõСӳЦ
ҲԼֲ԰ֻߡ
ɡҶͷ
ʽƬǰõĺ⣬öһĢҶһҶ·˷ʰɾˡ
ΤҲմ˶ٷСӳȥֻر죬ûǰҪǩ
ȰɣҸʱȣü춼˷ܵû˯С汧һͷݸΤһӣһ԰ɣҴﻻġ
ͷΤ˴֣ûӣǰ˳ԣζ֪ǺöôҲʰɣһǲˣԼԡ
СΤҸʱȣһٷǴ࣬ҸزιȥںöˣƽʱɽϰæɻҶһЩҲоˣͷʲô
סȻ󣬵Ҳһӣ涼ڻͷŵĺóԵģڻ͸Ƶġ
ԥˣɽϸ治һСģǾԲܱѣþͻɵű˻ܡ˵ҲֻҲŶô˵㡣
ͷɢζΤûסӳ
˺ֳܿ˹ͷ֭ˮȸɾ
С汧ſչͷƿӣǰLǵؤӦк֪ܶʱΪҶˣŰҹҲϡҪңðҶˣʵʲôûֻǰҴɽϣҴӵá
ǻţҲòϢġС濴Τ˵뱨֪ͼĻҾҲ
ҶȻȥģѳСȴһ꣬Ƥ𪣬ģܸ˺øУ٩٩̸ʱ˺䡣
ĺӣҪһ㡣
ʲôҰæģ˵ɡΤ֪ķӦǰʵ򵥡
˵òԼ򵥡
Զķ羰ʮƯһƺһ۲ݣƽǲԶĵطǴɽ羰续
˲̨ϣԶ·бð˵ǰˮϣ̵䶯
Ŵ򿪣Ҷ˸ͩȻ


182 
áҶСߣȥҳ죬һս
ھѾܿߣΧðı࣬żɥʬɽϣҲֱߡ
ĳƨ¿ȥѰҰûʲôɥʬ
С治򵥰ͩժƬҶ
иľΣˡ
ַ֦ǳŵζӶ½죬ִȻζˡ
ĩеĳӷ·伣һ⵹ðҶ˿ˮ³ӣֲڹģûֱһڿȥһֻаسӣ䶯Ļǿܺü춼ûθڡ
С᲻ǣͩҲľϣøߴһ־ܰѰҶ§ڻ
ҶǸͨӣ֪ͦõġͨͲᱨô򵥡
СΤ˵İҶ֪Ҫͩãһˣġ
ԺӴٴδ򿪣ȮųȵĲĹų
ɫҲܳһֻʰ쵣ĴɲǷɣ˵ɵÿ򵥣ɵȴûôˣ֮ôݣΪзϵܣ÷Լ塣
׺Ȼųܲˡͩüǰ컹ڷء
ѧȻ졣Ҷûж
֮ͻȻȮȮѵѧϰһСӳֱֻϾˢڸУҲ辶ñ󱳺Ӧ
ȻŪǸоǰҶֻػأԸҲû취İ취
ʵȻûжҲûϢĳЩѾըˡ
ԭѾС˶ǣͻȻŪ˸ֱ䣬ȻֱģȻر𲻶࣬л൱Ĺۡ
һʼֳۡʱ򣬺ܶ˶֮Աǣߣر𿴲Щ˿ǵҲ̵̬ȥֱ̲֮סԼҲ˹ۡ
û취ЩһԵ̫ˣЩţƵ߳ԵĻá
ҳĩձıͩ˲࣬ͩҷͨ˿֪ҶȻˣͩȴʧˡ
˻ϲȮΪɾ͵ʮλ֮һȮʵɲ⣬ĻˮƽҲͣھͷץǦͷֽдд˽
Сÿ鶼ر꣬ԼΪʲôôֻ꣬뷢йһͨþô˾ͺˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣȸŪŹֵĵط
಻˵˵ʵ࣬ΧĶ񣬸ָģУģʮֺÿ;޴󣬻и찤ĺֻ꣬
ģΪˣȰʵ㡣ȸһܴݲеӣǻʳãһȦë͹ˮء
ѾȥüˣȻ쳣꣬һ㶼ϡ
ųһҡһڵ߹ȸĳŸûкôģֻҪѧֱ˺ͻ˾ˣǱѧγ̣ҪԵģֻҪѧʲô¡ΪڳԵĻʳܺãҸʱҲΪǺõģǳԵĸáֻҪԹѧϰܸǳԵһֵĺûгƨֳԡ
˵жأ
ƨֵζ㰡ǰǳԵĶ࣬Ϊ߸ʲôʱҲܳһ
㿴ɣһֱҿŶϹˣǵʵ¶㿪ʼѧĻ֪ˡһǵõһ ǰǸǽ£ҳôǵһء 
Ľǰǣ˵ƿ
ˣҪǲĻԶܸǰġҲзӡ
ÿĹĵȣֻж˵ʱŻԵ㶫쿴ģȸȥˡ
˵ЩʱȸԼտʼʱ򣬲ǰϢĵطǰǵĿ߷߲ƽ˺ܾá
ȣȸҲԳǰˡ
㵽ΪʲôôİƢôȸʡ
ãȸΪȲӦ׼ȥѧϰʱ΢ĻӦˡ
Ȼˣǻʲôִŵģȸ⣬ߣҴȥǰΰɡҸ˵ֻҪһ㣬ǰǾͲôֻ׺Ϊԣ˺ü٣ÿ춼øǰԺĴ󹷳ȥܣÿػȥ˰Ƶġ
û
ǰ£һÿԼûջ񣬵־Լջܴ
ڶÿȸų
ÿûȸԼˡ
ģȱˡ
ֻСˣ֣ŶȥԷɶȥɳԡؽˮʱ򣬸Сһȥˮ˷ˮԡ
ҲҵԼϢĵطĴѡ͵Ҷ̺ãÿ϶˯
ϢʱԣһֻеĴ󹫼
һСᣬ
Ҷй۲켸죬ͩŷ£ȷֻǴӹȥӰ߳ʼ
ټϰҶƣԭһϢѾرഺ
ʱൽˡҶİѧ̶Ѿ࣬ЩĻ֪ʶԼẒ̌ٴҲѧġ
ŶΤһһ㶵ģҪȴˣ
ȱгҶ˵˼
СгȻ˻ӳ֪Ƿֱ˼ԺͲˣ෴Ļỹкܶࡣ
ȶˣҲеġ
ԹԸΤ뿪լӣȥӣ߶ɽLǡ
ȥĶˣſڣΤ硣
LӵбģȻͨ˼ҡΤ紩ĺͨҲûʣͨСƵģڰҶ֪סĵط
ҰȥȥģΤͷԷ˵
Τ磬ӲˣҼңҰǺϷޣʲôǣ֪ø˵ȥʲôطš
ʲôطûȥ
Τ磬ǲΪɵ֪ȥɽϣ϶˺ܶණóûоˣǲǴӼ͵ģùһ㣬ȻҰְָ״Բ˶ߣ
ޣΤûзӦѾϰˣȴȥˣ¶Դһڿˮ
ˮ⧲䵽Էϣ˲丯ʴ͸·ƤһС
ΤôĵӣԣֻȲѾ𣿰ңҿԲκ˵͵û
Τû˵ԭ䣬ǰǰ˽ӣڷˣûȥֻ档裬ı
ҲˣͰȥǰôҵģҪ㣡ΤȻȭڶԷϡ
ȿ׼ʱÿζ׼ȷĭҵԷϣʴһСӡ


183 
УҶնʱ˾˵ס
Ŷͩͬصͷ
˺еɽߣżֻҲС
ðı򾲢ܽеĻᱻֱɱʬ嶼¡żб춯ܿ
ֻаҶɥʬŻ׷ȥɱ
LǴһξ룬Ȼ̫Σգͨûи߼ɥʬʲôģҲôȫ
磬˵˻𣿡
϶ġΤLǸûǵĻ·ҪͶãҪǲܡֻҪȥҴ߳С
ûо˸ǮɻҲ߶顣ȻߣҪǱȥôԶĵط²С
裬㲻Ҫ˵ɥµġΤûܵ˿Ӱ죬ɽ󲻵ĵطЩţɽ֮һҰҶǸܺõˣס˺üû˵ʲôҪ˼ˡ
̾˿ȻŶ˵ģ浽ΣգҼȻɽôãôסȥأ
ҶĻˣɽϾͲôˡ
ɱһ򾣬ΤԶĵطܿɽ·糿ʱ߶ɽЩƽưɽʱȴһرǫ顣
磬ҶӦˣҲҪ̫šûôõ飬ͷ
裬֪Τ翴˿ΧûˣѹҸɽϵЭ飬Űµģİɡ
Ȼô˵ʵҲûףΪǰŰҶ£ǰС档ֻóŪˣ˵ЩҪǱҶ϶ˡ
Ҷĺܿ죬ٴοΤ磬һ㲶ˡ
ɽϲˣҺΣաҶRǵ֪ɣźɽĸˣˣ˶Ǿһ
ǡûбȥ·ˡΤȻΪҶ˵棬ٻġ
ΤǱ˼Ҷ㲻Ϊһ˵ɣҲģ϶ͼɣҸ飬ڻǻLǣһ£ֻҪúãȻᱣȫ㡣
ȥΤͷ˵ˡ
ȷʵȥһˣڼſڸͬĸĵܴܵһܣְֳ˵һţҪȡ
òײŴӳôٻȥ
˵ܱȫܱȫ㣬㲻ңҶ𴽽ǣ㲻ϻȥĻֱӻɽˡ
Ա߿ĿɿڴȻ˵ͷûз׷ǹʵĺˣҶʱôġ
ɽôУΤɽס˺ü죬ôҶָ¶һܰæ˰ɣ
û뵽Ҷ˵ôֱӣе㡭顣
ãΤȻͷ
ͨˣԼ̫ңΤҹ͵ӵһȣΤҵĶԭӦԼƾʲôôǱˡ
ԼĹãǲҪѡ
ġҶ͵ĵ˵ͷһۡ
Τ⣬ҶԶһĵطǱдɢв
˵ĵطҶɽ
Τһ㶣ûŪס
׵ġҶ
ٴνǣҶȴܸпΪڲõԼĿҶƬ֪ǲٴνƺӰƵģҶɤ˵
ͩΤӣȥеС˧ŵɥ
ǳȥôֻˣСµشˣΪ˴Ҵӳء
ɽˣдԶˣΪΤʹ죬ɹ˰ҶҪһˣǸ˻
ɽѰȥġ΢΢ҡͷǵطǽȥסȥûСѰ˾ͱˣΪȥɽӾΪԼ˲𡭡
˿ûѹ͵Ҷ𴽽ǣʮ˼
ڳƿͩϣڵꡣԭҶαװΤģڸͷպͽСͩΤͲ࣬Ҫ΢ôһ㣬ϸ
˳ǣ˵Ĵǰȫһͦ˼
澭һЩƼݵ˿ǽţľЩǳġе߻żҪͨ˸ɻеLڲĹʲôҲҪˡ
LҲдгȵȣͨһ㶼ûУֻܿȡ
ҶͩҲȣòſΤҵС
Ǳÿÿռغֻܴǰлľװ㣬ȴȫˮ࣬ȥͺͺġ
ΤԼ˵ĵַҵſڡ
Ҳ̫ˡҶ̲סǼȻ׿ôгֳ
Ҫұ㣿ͩѹ
áǽȥҶ˼ƿŽȥ
ΤҵʵΤİְΤĩǰͻĺܲͷеǮҪȻҲıĩΤûڻ˲ʣֵҲвЧˣLǲбȽϲġ
լӴɨĸɸɾҶŻ⣬סһʱ䡣
ӴˡΤͿ˳ֻ֣һֱû¶棬ǽԺ֮Ŵ߳
Τ磬㲻ǺôˣӰҿӵȥΤ챻ȸ˺ܶ˿ڣھȻѾָĲ࣬ȻҽֶΣֲߵĹ͡
㻹û򹻣Ҷ磬Ҫ˵һʹһ£
ͩصصͷ
Τըˣܾƽʱ̫һϳ꣬ΤҲûѵǳȥһֻܵʲô̼ˣ
Ұ˵ǾͱҪǰֻóҵǿ԰æ顣Τܳ裬Ķġ
ͩû˵̧һžΤ硣
ΤͷȽϰϰ䳤Ⱥ̣ܶͩһ߾͸ɣҪΤԼû裬ΤԼһΣȻҴڶΡ
໵һɤӵڵϣΤ۵ĺˡ
Ҷ˵ˣ˵һʹһ£ôأҶεҡͷƿΤǰߣ˱
ͨˣܶණҶĺá
LǱȽϣҲ㲻ˡ
ȻûˮͩڿһȦûҵˮʱˣϾȻҲûУ
ڼʱʱˮ˵Ҳк֣ܶﻹեĹ֭
Ҷһ·ԺˣͩȵˮС¶첻ɡ
û¡Ҷ̫ûе磬ůƿҲûУˮ̫鷳ˡ
סȻúޣ϶ãǵղΪʱԺģˮǻãˮﲻõı׼տܺȡ
ͩüðҶԿࡣ
Ҫȥ򣿡ͩԥ


184 
߱ס˻ģСҶͩʱͿˡ
ԺΤ粻ˣҲûˣҶõȣɴͩһˮȡ
СطĶҲࡣҶۣ⣬һȷʳãǿڸʮֲõıֲӣһЩѹɣѾ˵Ļȳȶ
ˮ𣿡Ҷʡ
ӵǸߣƤ˿ҶǸûܵͨˣʶԷ֪ΤεԭˣΤ˶硣
Ҫˮˮкܶడȶٺȶ١ȻûõˣȻҲûҪύ
ΤҲʶȻߣͨ˻ųΤ׷Ŵ򣬺и˵ıӦ˰ɡ
ԷôԼҶûûˮҡҶҵӣȪˮ֭ӦоС˵ʱ仹⣬͸ȥߡ
ҡӵ˷ˣߵҶʲôطǲȡȷʵû˭ɣҪӰ⡣
Χûˣ⡣
ҶҵӾͲᣬʲôȥ̬ȶһͩҲ£ҶҲͿɽϵӡ
ûո߶߶Ҳ
ȷʵûˮɣյˮҺȣΣҶ˵ŴӶóһװĳƨ֣ɿػ˻Σջȥ
ûƨ֣ǰװȴ㹻
ӵİװܷܽģҲֻɽ
ǳƨְɣ׷̬ȴ䣬ЦΤϴȥɽϵõģôᵽҸպˮϾҪտˣ
ɨĻɾҶȴû׼ȥ˭֪׷᲻ɱ˶ᱦ
鵭ȻȷʵǶɽģҵĻ
ǡǡ׷￴ҶûӣͩҲ˿ģһ˿ֻȥˮտûС
Ƥƶ̨ղܿտһˮ
׷˸ӵˮڹ̨ϣЦƨǴôû취Ļҿ԰ѰңǮ˵
ⶫޣԼԵֻм˲ŻѡתãҶǣңǮ˲䷭ü
׷϶ΤҵĸӦͶ·òѳƨó˵ǰΤһֵúܴ
ʱҶȥɫ㲣׷϶ĸͶ·ˡ
ȻҶȻڲûؼҸΤһܡҶҲðҶӵĶ
Ļ׷ʱǰ˹Ŀ࿴
ǰ˵Τԭ䱻СңԼΪ˻ֻΤң׷ﻹΪǺųûˣڿ
ˮˡͩˮ˿ŸҶ
ҶˮˮҪߡ
ҪҪҰæʱ˵ʱڰ׷
Ҷ˻֣ͩСһȦŻ
Ժһûװֻ֣LڲҲˡг˲һܿͼ۸ر
ΤڱſڣŰҶͩԺӣЦҰѰְֽлˣô
ҪҶ
ΤɫѿΤܵȼͣԲ׼·ΤʦԺΤһÿΤ硣
Τ磬ΤҲΤ̫ʧŲΪͨ˵ĸףȥųĸͨƵģΤϡ
ϴΤȻȥɽϣΤΪʲôʲôûΤˡ
ܹԷĸӣֱ˳ȥ
Ҳһȥӿ˵ѣ˭Ӳ࣬ΪĸѾ御̵ѾǼˡ
ǾȻְֻΤˣΤβŹˣ
ûƵĽΤΤʱһǶܵܣ
Τһ˫۾һŰҶϿʲô
Ȼƽʱһֱų꣬ʱͻȻ˸Ƶģһ㶼Ҳǰһˡ
ҲԣΤĩǰģȻŹȥ꣬Ѿģˡ
֪ΤʲôҶ϶̲סЦȻĩǰΤ͸ûٸ飬ôô׵ϴˡ
粻ѵһģ絽ĸ硣Ҷ磬гԵ𣬸õˡ
ͩæӦţȥ
ûΤһ㶼
ϴΤΤˣʱûΤڵǲͻأ
Եĺ٣һ̱ƹϣͩ˳
ҶƹϿһڣûж͸ҧʯͷƵģζʵǲҹάطŻȥһز
Τ粻˼ؿŰҶĶǰְֺòײ׼һڵĲ˳Եģôó֪Щƹϼֵپо˶һ򵽣
һЩƹϡЩƹϿڸ̫Ҷûϡ
̬ȴʹΤ磬Ҫ֪ƽʱЩ߲˶ܳԣΤźͲˣھȻЩ߲ˣ
㡭ΤŤͷͩݺݵΰְֲŹ㣡
ðҶʲôҪĻΤ᲻ΪΤӶ飬ڿõˡ
ȻΤըˣݺݵ꣡뿪ΤңԶҪҲߣ
ٲҾͶˣΤǻ֣ҪҪæ
۾˷ܵĹ⣬Ҫ˽ѵ³ɺ޽һ˰ˣΤ磬ֻҲĥã
Τһ죬ͲòʶԭΤӣԼǺģʵӦ
ΤûֹĬˡ
Τ˷ܵóֻ绰֪ͨΤæ˵˵Ҷһ޸֮ˣʲô
װ׵˵绰ǱߵˣҪԸ˵ģǰ׼
Ҫ߰ҶǺܵ
ȻôãλͦҪǺúʰһҲסˡҶû뿪Ͼ꣬LҲûѣҪ뿪סʲôطأ
ͩڰҶǰ棬ؿΤ磬׼ʱ֡
Ͳˣ֮ûߣǿǹʶķϡΤڿûҪ
ĩǰദӣڱʶӣųĶӣôͨ˶硣
Τ뵽ԼѾ˵ߣֻҪó㹻ĺôΤʦ ЩοԺΤҵδǵÿΤ磬۹⻹Ǻܲġ


185 
Τر죬гȽͨߣеĲŻ壬Lͨ˵ĽкХ
˿˻һܣֱΤΤ
ֻΤˣĺǱ׶Ը˭жˡ
֣˶ˡΤаˣһҪΤУֻҪΤңԺһδһΣѽͷ֮ޡ
Τû˵̧ͷҶ
ҲߡҶҲԣΤĶóĻǾߡΤôҲĶӣеļҲôҲ÷һ롣Τ粻˽ӣ˵ҲһëǮϵûС
ҪһҲòΤҵĶҰֵģ˭͸˭Τŭ
ͩҿ˿Ѹɿ𣬡ΤʲôǸ˽ӣСĶӡԺ϶ҲȢС˶ӻǻС
һLǵطڳ˸ûж
ƤӱˣûáΤ翴Τ֣ö˰ɣ
Τ˵ͷ
ûиˣΤǵڴҲȫʧֻʧҲٿˡ
˱ۣǶΤΪĬˡ
Τ˷ܵĲУ͵һܾˣ糹׵ѹ磬ӴԺҲÿְ۵ˣͺˬ
šҶȻҪҾ߰ҲˣȥҶӴһʱ䣬æɻ׬˲ٶ
˵ţóƨֻ˻ΣȷڳȫܿѸջؿڴ
ȴˣΤ磬̲ס֣ǳƨ֣ˣʣʦİִһЩ
㲻ԣֻҪõƨ֣ܻԴġ
Щߵȼ߱Ȼ֮ͣΤ˵ܿһ㣬һϹϵ
һ˲䣬֪ʶΤ˺ܶ࣬ΤҲ˺ܶ࣬ˣʱ֣ȷƨֵĹ֮ǰǲ㶯ˡ
ΪʲôóǿҶֻ·ˡڣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Τû˵Ȩס
˳ƨ֣ͶȥˣССһƨ֣ԶССΤҿСƵģLǵĴСССƣҲֻо͹ٸǱ߸߲΢ôӣΪǶ˸Ҷϵá
˾͹ٸʣµĴССҪƨֻ֣ʵʵȥӵͨǳ齱̫ĥˣÿӳ齱˶μӣһ⡣
Ѷùҿ¡Τ
֣ΤˣǧѷĺûᣬֻҪ˸ߣ϶ǻٻҪֱˡ
ΤؿΤ磬
Τ˵ʲôȴע⵽ΤС˿ûףҲ֪ԼӦøΤŸɣֻúݺݵصͩ˵ˡ
һ鷳ˣȥӹʣΤ˵
ȻǺܺҶĳƨջ᲻ᵽΤУӹʣĴҲܲˣ׷뿪
Τܵõƨ֣ôСûҲһ
ƨֵĳ֣ı˵̬
ٴֻʣΤΤаҶͩ
˵˵ƲˣҶóƨֻ˻ΣòΤǻΤ֪Լгƨ֡
Ȳ˵ʵң绹ʲô ΤеڴʣǲǸӵСϤ
֪ɽϰҶǱȻ٣˴ãͶ϶Թٳƨ֣ӵСˣ
СãͨӦƸϹ̯ӵĻLǹٸ¥棬ҶߣСҲȥɽϿӡ
ϴ棬и槼
СͷеСȨһЩڵʳ֮ģСȫȨ𣬸ϵõģܵõƷЩʵʳҲõۿۡ
ҪΤĸСϵһҪӡ
֪ΤֵʲôҶȴûش𣬶ǿʵЩҶ֪ڲƲ֮ǰǲ˵ġ
ھĵΪԼǰҶСʲôϵԼ˵㡣
Τż֣Ƿϻ
磬ȥԵĹΤȻǽһԸ
ڲƲ䣬ǰΤûΤڼȻ֣Ҳñ̬ȡǰԼϲø㲻ʲô
ΤĹĵȥ˳ܿܳ׻һЩ㹻ʮµġ
ȥ󷹣Τ
֣Τɫѿû
ΤΤʹ˸ɫְʲôʱ㲻ù԰
ΤǹԹȥ˳
ʱĳԺõĴ࣬𻹵ԼΤű׳ϴŵˮֵŪûͷġ
ܸͩȤſڴ⿴ջ𶼲ᣬôˮʲôúΪʲôã
ɽϾ;úˣĲζղģǻһ
ױȽϴ󣬵ûд׵ζͩ˵ⶫͶֲLżҲֲܷ٣ǿҲܿ죬ζҹάӪֵ㹻裬ΪӣҲóԡ
Ʋ飬һ˵㡣Τ⽿˲æڼ󲿷ֲƲģ˵㡣
˵ĲƲ硣Ҷ
ΤĬ
ҲԣҺͶֻƾԼҪˡҶûô뿪иĿأΤǸ֪ʲôطȻڶû¶档
ȻҶ⣬Τıø漸졣
СΤҶɫѿæ͵ҲǱıﲻһģܻˣˡ
ЩŪңΤѱóҶ
Τüͷû뵽ôѲô򵥣ˣ˭ϡҪ˵ˣ˭Ҳ֪
ҶȻһҧѵɥʬ𣿡
˱򾣬춯ǵûǵĶҧ˱ɥʬֻɥʬɥʬҧˣץ˵ȵȲŻɥʬĿǰ˵޽⡣
֪ԷһȽϺáΤʱæʣǸأ
̫ˡҶ
Τ̾˿Ȼ뵽Ľ
Τ粻ᶫ磬һջһֻ绰С˵˼ı仯ص˵˳ƨ֡
ãԺ˸гˣű᲻٣ȴмơ
ͩŶԷһΤ˵ĻʱȻ
⽿Τ裬ıá
ֱѪΤϵСӵıãһĽӻؼˡ
ǲҪСͩ۷ŹƤġ


186 
ʵУƵĹѪͦģҶ٣ٱģ׼ͺܹѪ
ͩһӴҲǴĩʼǰŰҶǣȥRǡQǵȵطһֱɽϡ
˹ϵǺܲĩˣûЩ¶ҲС¶⡣
ͩģͰ಻סˡ
ø˵ΤȻ֪أҪǳƨ֡ҲΤԼİʾڲǷֲƲǰǶĸȥʱ򣬶Ҫõƨ֣ҪͨǸҶϹϵ
֪ʲôҪģΤ̬ͱˣ˵ˣЩ˵⽿˲֪ж٣˲ںˡ
ΪԼĸͨ͸Τ翴ͩ۴Ž
٣㾹ȻںͩȤ֪Сʲô˼𣿾רƻ˼֣ͥСĺ Ӧþ߳ܲŶѽ
ðҶЦʵҲûôԣҾûÿСԭƷΣһƷǸʮ⣬˺ĴڣСرСλûġ
ǰͩĿʼˡ
ߡΤ翴ֻ΢Ц̫ѿǻﻰԼôǰǲ֪ԭôݡ
ѵǰ¶һ汻ߣ̾Ͳαװˣ
Ϊͨ˵ΤֻȥΤ˵˵ְôĿˡ
ʮŨı࣬ζܺãһŴĸоûУ͸ʯͷƵģҶ˼ھͷ룬üͷ
мһгɳıƹϣմΣ߲ˡ
⽿ӽſʼû˵ɫ糣ʱ࣬űƹϣһһڻƹϣζġ
Τ翴ȥЩޣסˣݺݵҧűƹϳԡ
ˣ˷ѡΤֻΤ˵öԣôʵˣﻹǲܳԿġ
ʵ̫ѺȣҶǿԼˡ
ҺȰɡͩ֡
Ҷ治ɫ
ȹƹȥͩҲûлԼ룬ֱðҶ룬ںȹ⣬˺üƹϡ
Τжʧ͸ֻԼˣ㶼˵Ϊ˽ֻþɫ򵽱׾Ͳˣѹ࣬ζһ㡣
⻹ΤòʱʱʳڶӣߣЩͨ˼ң˵ˣ󲿷˼һϲҹʳ춼ԣô
ǰԵҲ궼û˵ʲôȴʼˣΤΤһ϶̣ʼˡ
Ṇֻ̀пǰҶ
ֻҪ뵽Ҷǰô־Ͷܽˡ
ʰ⽿˳ʰ̡
Τ⣬⽿̫£ҰԼܶ࣬һȣֱһһ¡
ȥϢҶüƽϣ׼Ҹ˳۵ķ˯һ˵
˴򽻵ɱɥʬֲۣðҵʱ򣬺ôʱԸRǵ˸飬ΤôLǵˣҶҲֱӳְ˼Ҹɶġ
ǰҾ¥һСС¥ݼ䣬ûдžǼľͷҲǺģס˵ĵط
ʱǰų ΤžͰĶӵӣʰʰѾ䡣
Ҷ¥ݼߣΤɫǺ죬Ÿ˵ЩʲôãõƨֺʹϰҶ֮ǰܸ˽
ιΤȻ˵ʲô
ԭĵط̫ҲסͶǼҰɡҶ˵ţֱ¥
¥ʰĺܲΤ⽿ķ䣬پΤΤģ⻹ͷ涼Ǵ󴲡һӦȫ
ҶѡԭΤڣȥ˿⡣
ͩҲŽתһȦʰͦãǾ˯һ
ԼȥڡҶ򿪹ӿ˿ յģöӦöΤ
죬Ҷ棬Ž׵컨壬ȻʵΤLҲ㲻ˡԼߣȴ£ô£ߣӦû⽿Ǳ߰ɣȽϲң˶ûˣû˰æ
ΤͲСΤͦǰͽݲؽˡͩ۾ģҲɵϣȤ
ǰȤҶͩЬҲˣæȥΤ˯Ҫ˿ô죡ڵĹϵ
ҶڻǳݣϴŮԻ·
ͦԼģôΤΤ⽿ûԼˣȻƽʱǾ͸ϵô ߵ˱˶֪
ҿǸΤģҪͻȻô죿ͩߣתƻҾ߱ΤҾͲص¹ ֤ᱻ֣
ΤķҲʰĲˣܲס˻һ
ǶαװģĸӣҶ룬Ҳͷˡ
¥⽿ʰ͵ûϴͻˣɻ굽ʲộȻ仯ô󣿶Ҳû˵
֮⽿˳ĳԷ˵
ǡΤ¥ϣ˵һ顣
⽿۾һܺãصôϰҶ󴬣ֻҪǸϵãLЩСʲô˵һöƨ֣ģ
ǧȷΤչ裬ƨ̫ҪˣԲߣ
ӿƨֵһΤѾԼġ
ģȻǸϽǾͱ߳ƨ֡⽿ҵĶȥЪϢҸְֻлҪ˵
ΤҲ¥⽿ŸΤ˵һЩ˵Ļ
֮һ˻ѾֵͲȵȣЩǲԴþãΤҲܽʡԴҶھ˯
ҲֻйٸԼʵĴŻԼŪеá
ڰУΤ¥ߵͷš
ϣͩ۾Ѹٲص¹С
ҶΣűʹȷ磬ҪȻͩɹĵطȵģһ֪
ˣҶϴţϵı鲻̫ÿ
ںģΤƿŽ㱼ܾʱƺرÿܿһ⽿
ҹ㡣Τ߹ȥڴϣ̾˿̫ҶȲѣʱҪǲ⽿һҿס⽿ĸ磬һɹʦҵ죬ֻô
뵽⽿ĸ磬ΤɫްܾӪôСľ⽿ĸ硣
ڰпԷϵı飬Τ֪Щ˺ܶ࣬ҲҪ뿪ûܣûа֣ڻ֪
֪ﲻʹ죬ҺγԸ⿴ɼΤﻹģڲȨ֮ƣԺȽŸϺӡ꣬˯ù⽿˵ʲô


187 
ҶڷǳһΤ֪ϴˣڴϵģʵǸˣʲô꣬Τ飬˸˶û
뵽ĿģҶֻǿš
Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶΤ֣䵭Ϊ˵仰ˣôҵĿˣ
һ˵ţҶԼһܣֿ֮ܲˬһѹһ߿֮ΪĴڣˬ
֪Щˡ⽿Ҳ֪ᣬżи磬Ҫǡˣ˵ЩֻҪܴϰҶߣԺʲô⽿ֻҪҶϰǵæ⽿ҲûʲôΤ˵ţ۾ֱؿǰˡ
˵ЩǷԷθģֻҪ˰Ҷ⽿ʲô
ЩȻ⽿ĸ罨ԼǸʲôÿ⽿ɫһ㶼ɡ
ͲһˣЩôֻ࣬ҪԼڱֳںӣ϶м㣬Ͼѩ̿
뵽Τһȣܶǰ
ǵʱ򣬳ǳʱϲĳ׷ģֻǺһ࣬ټĩ٣ܶණһˡ
ģֻҪԺһڡΤЦ㲻һֱȥҴ߳пֻҪ㹻ľˣȥʲôطУܹԼֱɻ
ΤҶļֵǾ޴ģֻҪܴߣһоͶǻ롣
ҶЦΤĵǺãװǡ
⽿ˣ˭ǿ͸˭ӣ˶˶ӣûɶ𡣵Ҳ룬ƾʲôһʧûУֻ׬ˣ
Ҫôõ飬ֵ˭ҲֵΤ
ᷳҶҲֳҲΪ˵ıȳĺڸŪһͷûˣѵһ㶼ûϣ
ôᣬֻʱ̫æҸˡΤЦ
ǸͲãΤ粻׳ǵԼţҲֻܹԼ
Ļȴ˵ΤŪѣǼòôྦྷˣԡ
˵ˣǲϸΤ¡
ҶɣϵƨֿóǱöõ󣡱ĻҲòŸ˵֮ǰûʲô˵ˡ
꣬ٺúÿǿǡΤһ˿ˡ
ԽԽĺã뵽⽿ֲõƢҼʲô¶òֹܣҵΤ⣡
һЩ߰ɣҶ
ȷʵӣװĸʥƵģѹ⽿ͬʱһ£Ҳ¡
βΤһ˿ҰУһȥǿǣ
뿪䣬Τһ
û̫꣬ʧˡ
ңڰУΤٴڴ̾
⽿û˯ͷóСɵֵͲȼʣʧˣ
ҵġΤ̾βһҪ󣡡
ƾҲ󣡡⽿ЦҿƮˣԼ˭϶ԼģǸ˽⣬ԼһûУ˵ʲôʲôҲˡ
ҲҲǡΤ͡
ô˵ģ˵˵⽿֪ΤԼСǴһ㶼ɣûô£е鶼ԼѹزС
ңͩ¹˵ϡ
ҸղŲҪͩƿȥٺٵˣȻҿ϶Ҫ
Ҳ㶯֡Ҷ˵˵ĶʲôʲôҾûôҪˡˣڣ˯
һŴϣڼʱһҶֹˮĸоûУܿ˯šͩŤŤȥһſҶһ͵͵ڱץֱ֣ҹˣ˯ȥ
һƨֻһ󣬿϶ǿ˵ġ
⽿ľһ׼緹ŰҶͩ¥Ƕ˷Ҳû˵˳
Τȴյ⽿۰ʾ˵ҪǰҶǱߡ
˼ֱӰѱҪ˫ͬʱУʮСĽҲһ˵ꡣ
ҶЦðǾΪһƨ㹻һͷأû뵽ǻҸҶĹϵҪʲô
˵ôԼˡΤɫÿ磬ȥϵˣܲܽеԸ
û⡣ΤؿΤ硣
Τˣڻһƨʲôߡ
糿࣬ѹɡ
ر㣬ҲǳŨͣڸʵǲҹάҶǺȲߣǿźһͲٺˡ
ͩ⽿ʰ꣬Сͦ
磬С̣ҪҽΤüѵ⡣꣬Ҳܹܺӡ
ҶŲܡ
ųǱΤӳҲǲˣöӺúûȥԼν
Ůôӡ
ûһӰѳƨóҲûϵҶΤ⽿ô죬Ǵ̼
ԷûãΤ˷֣ܵ˵пգԷ
Ǻã׼òˣΤ˷ܵ
ôϵϣһΤҵӴ󣬶ΤԷϵãҪȻˣôôпա
ҶȤĵţ׼⵽Ǻηʥ
еʳ̫ò֣Ҫдˣóȥˡ⽿žˣгȥһСʱһӡ
һ⣬ʵĶ࣬ݵ٣ֻаƴСѣһѱ߲ˣȻһֵܴ㳦װĩǰӡ
㳦ƤȽϺһ˺ζƮȥܺóԡ
Ҷ߹ȥ⽿㳦⣿
½ǰ㳦źãڸҲ⽿Ц˵һƬ
Ҷӹҧһڡ
Ӳܾζ൱Ǳɽⴢĩǰ㳦㲻ϸ壬ǱȲϵġ
ҲҪһƬͩչԼһƬԡ
Ҷ鵭Ǻö
ҪˣҪæ𣿡⽿תǿѣû뵽ô
ȥԱߵȣ̡Ҷˣ˵һߡ
ͩҲչȥ⽿ֻҪ⽿ܱ׽ͩЦĺС⽿
⽿Ҳȷʵ˼һģֵҲҶôģԹõġ
Τ֪ʲôطóһƿƣר˲衣
ΤȥˣΤĽγ
ˣҶ̧ͷȥ̲סЦû뵽ôСȻˡ
Щ˵ļ䶼ѾЩģˣʱټԷҶȴܺ׼ȷ
ĩձûã򾻹ûôŰʱ򡭡


188 
ౣͩСһ£ŰҶüŪۣȻҲϳˡ
Τ洺ؽݣڵؽܵҵıǴġҰ֡裡
ڰҶͩΤûܡ
ͶԷǵһδ򽻵ԼֲܣڽܾǶһ٣Τ⣬뿴˳Աӡ
ҶֱܵӹȥŵųԷ
Τһ˿ãӭеƣǽһѡ
ϵľƲˣӹЦˣⰡҾͽӣӾС
ǿʹãʹ㼸꣬纰ϵܣΤЦ⡣
ӿ˳ӣǾ϶ΪԼˡ
ϸ磡Ҳûܾ˿ڡ
˳ֵܵĵ˾ƣϵľƲֶһʱرá
Ҷûˣ˿ӳеĲˣ;㳦ζУĶʣһֱ㳦
Τ˺ü۰ʾ궼ɵŭ⽿ڸûŲˮûˣˮٿ֪꣬ԳԳԣɫ
ΤҲ㣬˵Ц
ͩҲȥ˵ǳԶ
λǡע⵽ΤۣɰҶΪе㿴ȥˡ
ΤӺ˽⣬⽿ĸ磬ûϵ뵽֪ǵˡ
Τ粻˵˺ųƽʱһӳԷɼôڿΤ˵Ĳһ
Ӽ˶࣬С˭ڵеˡ
ΤҴӡΤЦ˵Ҷʱ С˺ֻܶ࣬˵֣ꡣ
˼ˣΤȻûиɴ˵ǰޡ
۾ŰҶΤ裿ûǴĻǰɣ
˵ЩеûģҪۡҶûϣҲûϣΪһݱ¶ˣҲܽ͵ͨ
⻰˵ĿйģΤɫһҪ˵ʲô
Ҳɫһ䣬ߵ˶ȥˣһ࣬һ١ҪҳۣǷȱ仯ɴˡ
˼ Ҫ֪Ҷݣ²˵
Ҷ̾
ֻ꣬Ȼ˵Ҫ֪ԼǰҶڵù½үүˡ
ͩҲ֪ôģŵҪһͷ˵Ǯ¡
ӿΤǲһΤΤҵĶӣȻ˵ˣǿ϶Τҵ˼
ǲΤӣȴҲø⽿ĸӣƬ̵ǼһͷҿԸڲۡ
̽һ꣬û̽ʲô϶ΪǣҲͲˡ
ʮˣҶȴȤԱȤԼ۸Ȥ
弶ɥʬˡʮˣǵ߼ɥʬˡЦ㳣ʶ֪и϶겻Ϊǡ
٣ҶȻ
˵ؿ˰ҶһۣΤЦ⻹ϵܸڲۣٵð˰һǧһ򵽡⻹׬ˣ㲻ͲҪ˵
еıǮ𣿡ҶûΤİʾӡ
ȻǣӽֻҪ㹻ľˣߵȼıҲֻ֣ҵȨ޲ǾܷģLǹٸ˵ģ˾ҲǶ̣øٸҪLǽϡ
٩٩̸Ȼֻ˵ֹһ顣
ڳĳ˰ҶҲͩ˶ͷ˱ǸLƵġ
Ҳżǿǡپ˿ɲСĿΤҵͣóһξԪ˺ܾãضʱòЦʱϵңҪ׼˾ˣǰ󡣲˵Щ̬䣬ֻҪͻر˳û˲ϲġ
ӣΤ˽¸һСˣˡ
ΤβӣɲǼ򵥵ԺСĵ㣬Բ˶ߡ㿴óƨ˾ˣֱӸӻ
ȰҶ˵Τּ˵ҪֱӰѳƨָòˡҿȥǲһ£Ӧõٲۡ
ƨⶫ̫죬ãֻҪó;Բ
Ҳ̫żǿԺú⽿߳
ô˵ȴʮż
߲֪ȴʮҪƨ֡
һƨǷǺ֪ڸεЩߺõƨ֣ɽԻʦȴܺõƨ֡
ֻҪܵõƨ֣ʵͻѸԺǰҲá
Щõ˵⽿ֻס棬ҵʱ򵥶Τ˵
ҪʵȷʵԼҲкôΤ뵽ҶߣҪܴϰҶߣƨ֣Ҫӵɫ
ÿ˼ΤҵĻ
Σƨֶܵϡ⽿ǲҪLǵߣûбѡˣ
ĺܺãֻеѶȡ
ҶҲ¶Լóĳƨ־Ǹ˭ȽϺá
ˡͩ۷Źǲ¶棬Τ壡
̫סҶ̾
⻹ǵĹأƨָ˭Ǹ˭תã򱻷ֵĻֱΪ˷ֹţѳƨֵļ۸񳴸ߣڿҲûЧֹ
ֻϸߵ˻ûй˽תá
а취Ϣɢȥˣͩ۾һС
ԣҶҲ뵽ˡ
˸ɴֱӴӱֱСӰ׷ﻹڣҲǵǳƨֻ֣û˵ԼҪ
ƨ֣׷ɴ۾û뵽ѻˣǼǮ̫ˣܲܵ͵㡣
ҶѳƨַŵڴҪǾõ˾ͱ
Ҳ°׷Ȼǰ׷Զ֤Ϣ©ϺҲǵҶĹأйسƨֵģԼͦȼ֮ġ
׷ܾᣬԼ𣬽ǮҲڿֻܸߣṩϢĻԼӦܵõһǰľˡ
Уϡ׷ظ
СҶͿ⽿ΤڿȻ֮Ѿˡ
ȥʲôΤ뵽Ϣпй¶ɫ䣬æ㾿ȥ
ƨ˲ӣˣһҪԼ֣ЩܽԼ
ûѳƨֵϢ߱˰ɣ⽿ȻЦŵģɫѾƲסѿˡ
ҶСİ׷Ҫҡ
˵ʲôΤ͵㡢㡭ʵ̫£ж磬ôҪϢ߱ˣأùˣ
ûСͩһ


189 
ϢѾ׷ͳȥûвȵķӡ
⽿ȴɫǰΤڻҪƨ־Ҫ˭šΤһѡ
Τأݺݵĵ˰Ҷһۣ̫£ôشôܲأ
ŰҶںӣΤ;֪ܲƨֵļֵ̲סͷʶ̣ƨʲôҶ˵ⶫܻļֵ붼ģ
šҶܷܵصͷ
ȷʵ֪ƨļֵж󣬵ĳƨֻкܶģƽʱĥζر㡣
⽿ҶһΪȻӣΤһʧɴ಻Ҷˡ
⽿ЦŵͷߵҶߵʱЦҸݲһܡൣһ£ҪȻ¥
Ǻĺ⣬̡
ͺáҶܵû⽿Ļϡ
⽿ϵıеǿסԼ¥žɫһ䣬ݺݵص˰Ҷķ
⣬½϶ϡ
Ǳ߰׷ﴫϢر죬֪µȫڣеԼƨ֣ǿ辧ˣҲܳûǿ߽̺á
һ֪ԽԽ࣬Ϣס
ǿҲ½½֪Ȼû¶棬ȴµ˴ž޶ྦྷǰСð׷Τҡ
⽿ĸͣӵ绰ųﱸõľһ
ͣг綯ȵȣȻ˲ͷԺӡҲˣе͵Լ£ԺϢҽˡ
ܽģͷ˵ȥL֪
һƾ֪ãɵŭϢɢȥôˣȻ⽿׸磬ҲõԼܲܵõƨ֡
ÿԺ߶࣬ԽɫԽ˿ǰ浲ŵߡ
ʲôƿ߲ˡ
ͶݺݵΤĴӣҪȥôˣǻţ
Ǹӣ˵ˡ
ڽ֮ǰڳ߻û֪Τ˵ģֵµ֪ˡһ㣬ǵһΪͽܣLǸRǱɱɥʬڸŹٸĳ߲㣬ݵλߡ
ϳͣǰɢ ÿһȻͽȥ
˾ٶˣҪôLҪôСܴÿ˶С
ΤⱲӶûôĳ棬ֱܳ˶ֱͦ˲٣ΤЩ˵ġ
ͽΤֻ΢΢ͷʾ⣬ѲҲֻ
ͻһȦ⽿ææźˮɳ̩꣬ɽģž
ߣصĺֱߵҶǰӸµؿôæûô˶ڣ
ãûʲôҪ飬ͶˣΪΤûء
ʲô¡Ҷۡ
㣡ȭͷһҪܡ
Ҷûܵ˵ʲôΪ˳ƨ֣Ϊ˶Ըң
ƨ֣侲
ڲ֣ܶٵÿܲõƨ֡ܵȼԽߣԽܿƨֵĺôǰ˳ƨ֣ܷǳ죬òƨ֣ٶûٴѾɽԻͷǱߵĵˡ
Ҫٵòƨ֣ᱻ¸ࡣ
֪öƨεõŶҲ̽˽˵ĻԲ˵Ҿ֪ܲõƨ֣ⶫжҪ٣Ǯ˵˺º͵ؿΤ
Τ˷ܵð֪ƨ־ԲֻǼֵЩô򵥣ЩˣȫΪ˳ƨģ̬Ҳǳǳá
Ҫǻǰ۾ôܿССΤ
ֻܲûشΪƨʵûʲôϵ
ԱߵİҶ⻰̲סЦһ
ΤҿʼΤ˷ܵĳǰ棬Τ磬ӣͩӶ˵ⲻл˵
ǼȻˣҶҲͲ˵Τ˵
ȣ»ʶ硣ΤεĿһŤͷͩʹɫ磬˵˵ô¡
ΤʵҶ̫£⽿һָͷ硣
ôˣLͷģߵļλֵµСڱҴ߳жС
ΤܳûӴôˣܴùϵʲôãΤʹ˺üɫðҶ˲赹ˮźǣҶǲΪ
һδεģΤʧˡ
Ҳ˵ͩŤͷܾ
ðҶ˵Ҳ˵ܴͩҲԡ
Ҷ̲סЦ֪ͩ
꣡ΤٴΣӵΤ磬ԼĶӣǿܽܡ
Ҷ˹ĿΤһۣŵƨ֡ʱֻóһö
֮ܺ⣬ʱһöǾ˵ҪڶöĻҲпܵġ
ʻĿ¶⣬Щ齨ף͹ٸûȣÿɽó齱ĳƨȻв٣̫ƽÿõĿ̫ࡣ
Ҫøǿ͵취Ūƨ֡
ΤͰҶķӦʶԼƺΤƭˣӦһ͸ѣֱóƨֵĲŶԡ
öƨֺҪˣپ㿪ۣúǰ¶УֻҪʡֱӸҶԻΤ
Ҷû˵룬ǵǰ˵ˣ 
˭ֱͩӣֱˡ
Χ˶̲סЦˣҲûЦ
Τҵܣ֮ǰдΤӣֱģһһլȤ
֪ͩķԼЦеί
ҾǺǣҲµôΪǶԵġûЦͩΤӲٹֱΤ磬һЦ
ҶϿǵϢ
ĩʼʱУ٣ž˲ͨ˵Lǣڱ㲻ϴ˵бսʮǿԸ弶ɥʬɡ
ʱڰҶǰĺǿžǸͨӣģͨҲͨ˵ʱȴһɲСƣ֪ʵͨߡ
Ļƨּ۸񲻻ܸߡҶһ˵
ʶǣҪǰѳƨ۸һĻӦæΤҵĲƲ⡣
ɫޱѿΪԼеʤ㣬ǾȻˡԺĴڣ͸
ŶΪʲôҵĻ۸񲻸ߣûϲ񣬷ˡ
һԿǳ嶯ˣѹܳΪLϴ󣬰ҶĿ࿴ҲȤˡ
Ϊ׼ŶּҲаָʤ㰡Ҷ󷽷˵磬ʶʶǡ


190 
ãֱͩӵشк۾ֻк棬ûоη
е죬ͩͷ
ΪԼLǻٺǵ˵ӦþûвᵽġͩͲ֪Ҷûкµ
æ𣿡Ҷʡ
֪꣡˵ʲôǼԼ飬˲֣ΤˣʧʧδֱӰ˵
ԼڲһкҪ˰æ仹ǺĴڣǾ̫۸ˡ
ССΤңͣںǰҲҪӦæĻǷֲƲ͸ûأ϶ǰҶ˵ʲôʲô
뵽ΤɫѿܺûǰѰҶȥ¥ϣ˵
ҴӦؿΤһۣ
Τûܣ֮ǰѾֻ룬Ȥˡõƨ֣ΤȻȫһ
ΤһģһЩС£ðʧҲ̫˵⽿Ҳˣǰ˺±˻
ǾͺáҶصͷû˵Լͷöƨֵپˡ
Χһ龹ȻôɵĶˣʱеƣ̫ǲҵҶгƨ֣ԺпóҵǶݺݵؿΤ
Τĵսľұֳ
꣬гƨֿɱֻǣҲҪ֪ͨǰҵĵ绰롭и˺Ȼ
˷׷׷Ӧó绰Ҷ۳ûˣܸɴˡ
ôˣ⽿ǰܺźһͨһûܴϻҶɳһɵõô绰кǵİ
⽿Ҫ裬Ҫһߵߣ硣
ﲻ˵ĵط߬ȭͷݺݵضŰҶȴûж
ûˣ˵˵ôæǶԳƨڱصãҶͩҲܶθڣûӦóپˣ׼æˡ
ҶҲͺǵʹ죬Ц磬˵
˵ּҲˣΤǰΤ⽿ϵãΤǳ谮ֱ͸ƵģνļҲҲͲȥˣԼ
Τͩαװģԭĺӣܵİٷ֮ʮļҲɣΤţֻҪٷ֮ʮļҲˡ
Ҷܵĵͷ
ٷ֮ʮԡҲͬ⣬Ҫ˻ǲʲôģ
ΤΪҲܿߡҪǲϲԭ䣬ȫԺþۺɢΤͣȫLҸԢΤȥٸ㲹൱ˡ
ΤƵģΤ磬ʵһ㶫ûһּҲӦΤġ
ͳһ㣬ǾͼΪΤ
լӲҶʱ;λòȻװ޵ĲզأͣҪװеæ
ҪլӵĵλòҶˡ
֪ˡٴεͷΤóֻ绰ϵԼСܡ
һʼΤŭԣǵǾȻСܵΤҵļҵףҺصô˵־ŭ
ٲ˵ˣΤ첽ߵߣ磬㿴
ǵļʵ̫Τ˵ʲôȻλԺǻǲܰЩʦֵܶ
ʦֵܶǵΪƨ֣ΪΤҷֲƲС£
ȥЦ
˵ˣ;ʹûϹΤҪǿû㲻ķϣΤϵ
͵ԼŰ Ұﲻæ
˾ˡΤҲܽš
˶̫ΤʶʶǸ۾ҪҲûסˣҲ֪ǣ˵ֻǽؿ⽿
⽿һֱû˵ָȴеֲ
磬ڲǸΪеʱ򡣡⽿ҧҧ촽ҪΤңǾ͸ɴ͸ƨҪ
Ҷ׿˵ʱֻһöǾóڶö
ֻҪҶϵã°ΤҸֻҪõڶöƨֻ֣ҪͨǰġꡯҶϹϵһΤʲô
İ˵е
ôΤЩĿɿڴ
ΤôҲΤֵµȻ࣬ССҲǸƽʱʲôܷ㡣
ҪûΤңֵµЩ߿»ֱתͣΤǸͨˣԺܹʲôӣ
۳ŰҶҪⶰ˵ΤӣLǰĸôܸȥԺסʲôط
ʲô⽿ôҪʶǰҶ꣬ʱ̣ԺеǻЩ
Τһ룬ô¡
ΤҵĲƲʵû٣ռ˴󲿷֣پֵµߣһˡΤһΤ˱ҪȻڻñֳȥòʧ
룬ΤǿͷﻹǺ᲻á
룬ֻʱĶѡ⽿ΤΤܾԼֻͣҪץסᣬտ϶ġ
Τͷ⽿ЦЦɴǰ˵ȻҪӣǾ͸㡣֤ʱȥٸ칫¥
Ҳһ¸ҡҶ
⽿ﲻˣȴЦŵģС
ˣΤıֵǮҪ˻㾧ˡҶȻ䡣
ȷʵֵǮ⽿û뵽ҶҧҧͷҴ¥֤°Ҷ˵ʲô
ǵ°ҲʮѸ٣ܿΤҵĲƲ˸׳졣
Щˡ⽿һСֱӵݸҶ
СӳģвپˣҶ˿йһ£ǴĲƲ̫࣬ͷľҪһ㣬ҲûбҪƽôϸ
Ȼ⽿ûˣУкڣҲˣС
˾ˣҶͷǰδҵģҾͲƽˡڿʼⶰҵģǰ߰ɡǣLзѣǳȥԸ͡
Ҫ˵ƨֵˣǹЦȻз꣬Ȼ͡
ҶȻLǵķ궼֪Ҳû룬ϾƨֲҪġ
ȻҪ˵ǹⲻ֪
⽿Ը뵽ҶƺܲתתΤй䡣
ȰҶͩǴΤЦһвУ
ðͩҲĵͷ
СĶƤܺ ȤͩȤ
ҶҲû⣬ֱǿûװ
ȻòL滹кôߵĺ˧ҲֻоһЩܶԱˡ
LǷ겻࣬ҲУģѰ˸ȥ
Ҷ˿־ſڵķԱҲߣȻԭġ
лҪ˵¼ո6k


191 
ҷǰҲͨˣһ¾ͻˡǿҶ棬Ľ͵
Ǵֵúܴڶѵ
Ǽ򵥣LǻĲȼҲܲԷǳ񣬺׬˲٣صף
Ͼģܵù񲻵ûɣLǵˣҪڣǿӳ춼ܡ
ĺܵ⣬ȻˣرNɪͿڳˡ
ûɥֱ˵Цûס֡
ͬԷĶãȫߣ㱻ҲˣڵﵱԱͨ˾ˣֱһ
ʱϻ˵Ҫڹ⣬ֱСĲС¡ܶҴ߳жԼ֯ԼȨȨľǹأС¶¡
Ҵ߳вһL˵£͹ٸˣµ߶ץͨҲõ⳥
ʵĩǰ࣬LǺܰȫġ
ӣLǵˣھסԭķ˶ڣȱһѡŶ
Ƕ¥ͦģΪûѵLǵ˾ȻҵˣĽȥΧ۵ÿ춼ﲻ
ҶǵԼǳҵһȥģ⵹ûôע⣬룬ǸͨԱйء
Աܵȼߣϳǣʶûʣֱȥᡣ
ȷԱˣҶʣܵȼܵ͵˶𣿡
һܵ˲ࡣǵⶼڲϢͳƹĩһ꣬ܵ࣬Ҳѵġ⼸꣬ܵԽԽ٣ٶҲǰҵķԱǽžܵˡ
ܵȼߣڳȻͨǿ㣬Ҳﲻʲôæ
ֻҪǾܣҲ͸ֿͨ˺ܶࡣ
Ҷ˼
ɥʬȻȼԽԽߣԽԽѶԸвҴ߳ݣҲڱǿʱһƽ״̬С
ˡˡͩо˺һ˵ŰҶͺǲ˵ˣæѲ˵ƹ
˶в˵Ҷһģͬʱˡ
Ҷûŵˣһ飬LǵķΡ
ƹϡࡢ⣬һЩȥģرȫǱ߲ˡĲˣһžȻкģСࡢ⡢Źǡ
ǰļ۸رߣһ͵߿Ը𣬵һο϶Ե𣬵ͨ˼۸͹ˣҶ˿־Բ
ǰİɡҶЦ ̫󡣡
ȻǾϲҶʲô˵ʲôˣһҳ˵ǵɽϽĻζ˵ĩǰĲ˻óԡСϢţɽϵĲˣƺܸͨ˵ʣߺҲкôֻǴš
ϻϢΪûо֤ݣŵ˲Ǻܶࡣ
Ҷɽϵˣ⿴С硢ҹС϶ܺÿֱֵû˵
˵ֵҶͩÿˣǧ𪡣
ˣܿһأ͸⡣
ǺȻЦƨҪپˣҸŵĿҽ³ﱸˡ
òźܶࡣҶ˵
ھ۸ ҶԼǺ͵͵ɽϵС緢˸ţõĿ󣬾մűˮдһĿ
֮ǺҲסȡ
ǡøЩһʼðҶˬ죬ڿֻˬһô򵥡
ҶϵˮЦ֪Ҫ˵ҲҪΪʲôôȻôĵԺ֪ġ
Ǿ仰ζˣȻ֪˼ȴҲûм׷ʡ
ڰҶˣǲ棬ʱôһ𾴵˼ҶǸ۸񣬺Ǿ֪ҶںƸôҪôȱƸҪôȱƨ֣㶼㹻ٴΰ̬ȡ
۸ܵͣҸɽϵ۵ļ۸һģһ
Ͼôྦྷˣó˰ҶҶҲóƨָ˺ǡ
͸հװϴȷȷʵʵǶνĳƨ֣ʮ·ϵͼƬϴ
ֲĲζ̫ãϸĻζҲ
ҶһЩʣµĶͩͺǳˣôྦྷģ˷ѡڳĶΪ˷ѵˣɴȵøɸɾ
ӷɲһô򵥣ԺֻҪ£ֻܸҴ绰µĺǶܰæ
˵˵ҶɵûΪõǵĳŵϲ
ҶķӦúٴζ˺øУټôЩηڱʮѰζˡ
ȥ˳ƨ֣ܺãԿ
Ҷڰֵãһе¡
ǺáǻеСź
Ⱥ뿪ͩչץסҶ󣬡ǻҪȥ
ȥ㿴ҶѵݲһԿLһ棡ֻҪҶαװͻܶ˵ע⣬Լ뿴ġ
ͩȻҲѹ΢˽ã
㲻ϡǲLǵءҶЦá
꿪ڷشΧĻãһ룬˳д壬ˡ
дûߣȫͨˡϵġСġݵġģָĶУеԼֽһССѣô˯档
ʱȣﵽˮ࣬ûľ¶ȸãЩ˶ֻڵһȥƵġ
ߵ棬˾ĩǰƶһ
Ψһĺôǣκεطûб򾣬ⷽİȫܱ֤
ҶϿ飬һֱǰߣͩҲ˵ˣһֵطЩˡ
еĺݵֻʣ¹ͷȱӪģȥֵֹġǾûлᣬΪ򾣬ɽᱻǣд
Щ˳ʲôͩСʡ
ӦǴ򹤡Ҷܶʱ˰æ϶йʣˡ
ֻҪһԵģ˾ܻ
ҶԼǰڰ칫¥ſ˸ɻʱĹʻǱȽ϶ģȻһҲ
ߣҶӾûǲҪˣô֪һ̫̫Ȼðʮغ
ǰиԺӣǸȽϼªĺԺ߱ϵı鶼ܲÿע⵽ΧһЩ˵Ŀӣݺݵصɹȥ
ֻȻƫƧǾ͹ٸ칫¥Զټ̫̫⣬ûҶ֡
߾ߣһߺ
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192 
ﴨ̫ƻÿζѵľûϵ
̫̫ӣƺġ˵ﴨİ֣ﴨżʲôġ
ߣﵽﴨļңܻġ
߸ûѰҶͩһ˵һ߿첽Զˡ
ȥҶ
Ҷھɫ̫ÿĸŮ·ҲôãͩȻģԣҲãߵһ㶼ͻأ
̫̫ԭ󣬽ȺˣҶͩףֱת첽صԺһأҪ
Ҷ첽׷ȥӲƿһ죬ùء
ûǣҸҶûκϵǸТڶû͵æء̫̫ɫһ䣬һߴ˵һ߹ţͦ
ҶˣȻСʶӣûи˵ҶҾǰҶ
̫̫һ٣ɵؿҶ
ҡҶεָſӨ͸һҶƬչʾᶯ˶ָҶƬתһȦֻصϡ
ֲܵ˾΢һҶƬһҶƬǾûеģҲֻаҶֻΪ档
ȷݣ̫̫ɫһ䣬˵Ǵʦ
ȰҶ̫̫ͩϴţԺ˼䣬Ϸ㡣
ﴨȻؼңֻܵģ˶֪⻹Ҫ̫̫һϷϵıֱշ磬Ա
ССĺԺʰĺܸɾֻ̫̫ͷԼﴨĺڼң˶ڡ
Ƕȥҹȥˡ̫̫͵֪ʦʲô£㾡˵һﴨȥ
Ǽԭͨͨȫﴨã˸ɨÿɨʽͽͣȻȫ˶ӣǲͱLǴ󲿷ͨ˶Ҫǿ١
ﴨڳߣȫҶӲ˵ƽĴߣȻ̫̫ÿζߣǲԺġ
һУֻΪҶһ仰ѣ̫̫ȫҶĵĸмҶڿˣ̫̫˵ֻðҶԸ
ûɶ£ǶﴨԼʵҶЦҾ
ڰҶɲǴнͯ·ģͨͨĸŮ̫̫ȻĲףȴҲ֪ڰҶȻбݡ
ʲô¾˵ﴨҲô˵ġ̫̫˵СͽкҪ֪ͼҵĶȻҲûرĲС
𣿡Ҷڵ
νǾΪ˱Ȼ֪дûϢﴨŵùҶҲˡ
˭֪̫̫ɫһ䣬
˵˵Ҷʱ˾
̫̫ϸһſڡ
Ҳˣ̫̫ۿģ˭û˵ҪǰҶˣﴨˣ¶֪
̫̫˯ţϲ
ҵķϴʱãǽи˶֪С̫̫棬͹ȥͨС⿴
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ڵϵǳдһˣûܣҲҲùӹúܲãסĵطûУǵ棬֪˭
̫̫סһ۾Ϳ˭
ǸҧԿǣӡ⡭̫̫µҵʱ˭û˵ȵڶȥʲôۼûС
ﲻҰı춯ֻѱɹȥٸ칫¥ı춯ܹĳֻ֣Ȼ֪˭Ȼ֤ġ
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㣡ΤҪ𣬡Ҫ衭
Ҫ˵໰ͩһ˵໰һ㡣ǰôҵģҶûأֻüƽΪȻģҪ
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⽿һСɵİ¥ЦǰõİƤ棬һζûù㡣
ְҶûɶӦ⽿Ѱŵ輸ϣµĶǶ㣬ҾһЩԼ·
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ȵȡҶðܰߵĶߣΪ׼װ޷ӡ
⽿ҭһ£ʾþΪ˸Ҷ򽻵ҶȻ飿
Ǻãװæ⽿Ц˵
ˣҶҲ˵ʲôҪӼ棬ʱⲻ˸Τ򽻵Ҳл󣬰Ҷûټ֡
ӱ⽿ɫˢرˡ
ΤΤ綼˵⽿Τһۣ˵һ϶飬һβоΡҶǲܷ
֪⽿˵ΤԼ㡣
ûˣҶϸϸؼһ飬ַŸСӳ
СӳԴһרҵ˲սʿתһȦҵһͷһЩصʮܵĶ
֪ǻôɡҶҴݰװװޣ
ҪҰ˱Сӳе㲻ģһҶLǵĵϳ£øȫΡ
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Сӳоصصͷ
һֱڵ£оǱ߸Ҳڲ̫࣬ӵбִߣø١
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193 
ǵ˳ƨֵLǲܣֻǮȴû֪
ܶ˶شƨֵļ۸ΪҶ͸¶óֹһƨ֣Ǿʹ˻лᡣ
ռˣܽͽ裡ǶµǴڿʼܶڻˡ
ϴкܶ˶ڴСԥһ˵
˵ƨֵļ۸ô򵥵¡ǲûи۸񣬵˺ȱ˵̬
ҪǴĦֻ뵽ƨּǮ϶ͣ뵽õƨ֣۸ɽϵһ
ΤǱҪж֪ͨң붣¡
ǲ˵ҲΤҡڲΤұв˶ţҶͩ˵һһ˶ţȻû˸֣ǿɲҵóƨ֣ԸɽϵİҶйϵˡ
ҲֻRǵźɽŸ˰ɣRǵ˶ԳƨҲ֮͡
Τ⽿Τ磬ͬ˹עΤǸŭԼܵעǺ£ȫԳûʶߵߣǳƨֱҶѳ֣Щ˾ǹעҲΪ˴ҶϢ
ߣҶתһȦʲôط˳ۣò𣬶װޡ
Ҫ˰æ𣿡ͩ˷ܣҪͷ𣿡
ɽϲһɽֻҪһ绰Ըæɻ˶ǣֻΤ磬Ҫװޱôƨһᡣ
С绰͵㶫Ҷ˵һЩдɻɡ
Ҫ֪ͨ𣿡ͩȤ
ҲϸԼһ˺ţ֪Ҳֻ࣬Ҫ֪˺ŵˣСӳɽԻͷСˣͶ֪ͩʵݡ
Ҷͷ
ǰһֻĩֻȻûⶫʳǵڼǮҲܱˣһ
ͩй£ע˲رࡣ
ܿ죬ɽСԴ槼ɽͻͩ˼Ƭȥע˾ͳָӦƸﲻ߱ʾҪѰæ
ˮĴײˣժۻƹϣȭͷСĲʽмͮͮƻôԺǺ˿˶̲ס۲˵ˡ
ⶼǹʣһ˶ôʡ
ôܣǾˣӵһ쿪ʼɻȵᰴͷ䡣
ɶ˼
Ǿܹô࣬ɻ˰չ׷侧ˡÿһöˣǲܳȥɱɥʬҪܵõһöˣǰǲܵ£
ˣǿԺĶǺ棬Щʲôģ
û˵ڻ֪
Ҷ·ŰȫñָӴҰѱļҾߵȶЩҾߣ¥ϵĴ¹ȵȡ
ΤϢʱ򣬼Ҿ߶Ѿ·ߡ
ǸʲôðҶڴſڣΤŭعϹʲôЩúõġ
ԺĶΤ糤˵ˡ
ŪЩǿϱİҲ˾˳ƨõˣ϶ҲôӻûأǾֻʣһܣΪΤɽϹϵãԲõ
뵽Τļʡ
ӴˡͩԺӳЦŴк뿴æɡ
ΤҵĶܴ󣬹Ҳ֪Ǽĺʱ
ΤȴҲ֪²ܵ飬ֻϵӡǱӾ͵أ˵ֱӿˡ
Ժ߲˶ϴɽ͸ģܿ
ӲźۼؿԺӣЦǺǵ߹þû˰Ҿ֪ǿ϶űôҪҪھȥһͷ󡭡
ѹûñרŸҶ׼Ƶġ
ϴǰģſھǳɰǧˣڰҶ˳ƨ֣ʶóôֻгɽϲе߲ˣӵ̬ˡ
СҶǶҪ󡣡
ԽԽˡӵõҪôȥѰұ춯òշҪǲáֻͷбЩСһﺩҳϣֻҪɹУͨҲ
Ҷû˵ŤͷΤ硣
ԴΤңҶһζûΤıܺ󵽵ʲôΪʲôΤ粻ߡ
С͸槼Ӱ룬СıҲˣͬͬ˯
ıأͩȻʡ
Τһ˿ڣû˵
ûٿͷиõġЦ˵ͷҼģë˿ǿ֪ˡ
˵˹ٸ칫¥㳡Աһ۵С
ȥ֮յִһţͷţŴŰҶͩΤȥ
ͷֻۣܸоӦߣߵʲôطܿû˷С
ǰһС䣬ӽȥ򿪵ƣҶſ
䲻мӣͶ档
㿴ºͣҲëӺ߽ϵëʾҶûйԵġ
ܿɰҶҲؿӿĽǶƿϵĺڲĸĳ󷨡
ѹֱôʵҶĨһѣƤëȷʵܹ⻬Ҳ֣񺩺ġ
پˣҶɫʡ
Ӿ͵仰С۾һ˿⣬ҿǱ˵㣬Щ߲ˡṩ٣ҪṩĶ࣬룬ֱһֻ󡣡
Τ𾪣ʱӿûô˵϶پ˾Ƕپˡ
ô˵Ҷװܸ˵ɽеϵʶɽϵˣǲ̫ѣҲÿҪ١
ܲ˵õ󣬵ȻͲ֮顣
ЦݼżҲøʾʾУڿԸǴȥ쿴㿴вУ
Τٴεɴ۾ʱ򣬲㾧˸ܴߣʱҲ̣ܶҲû
û뵽ӾȻô˵
аɡҶͷ
ӸˣֻҪ֪߱ĺôľһк˵óЦԭֻֻܸһҸˣһһŻʱΪҪǱôȻͷٸΤǰɣٸΤʽǾͲҪˡ
áҶȻ
ǰлȻǶԱоһ㣬бȻĴڡ
ŻȻӰö԰Ҷͩ׽١
ӵ³ڻһطǸܲ۵СԺӣͬšΤ߹һΣû֣Ҷȴɫһ 
Lǵ¾ȻͨڣǱ߾Ȼ֪
ʱҰӸ˵
ɡҶͷ


194 
ѵı󰡣ΤǼѹôû裬⽿Ķò𾫸ڰҶ档
ԶҶҶɵȻġ
СܰŰѹأ˶ΡŰҶһͷЩ˵۶ˡ
жҶ֪Сܶ˶ҪֻòӦľˣҶȥһ˾ʹһͷ˾ö˽Ȼ
󳤵ȷʵʮֿɰҶȴûкøУȥתһȦָ˼֮󣬴Ժ
ֱóһôײˣ˺룬ʣµİײ˰ˣƹϳƬƻгƬ̣࣬򵥵һٷ
Щ˶ЩֱۣҶڲЩ;ƾЩʶȥûԼԡ
ҶΪԼԣԭҲɽϵһЩԵã̫ߵˣݱ¶ĿԱȽϴֻԼԡ
ҪɽϵĴ׾ͺˡҶ׵ζʵǲҹά
ŶͩҲɽϵķˡ
Τ绹ûߣڲԶҲǣҲǣ˶ܵĿҪըˡҪ⽿ǧģԲ
ЩǲҪӣõģԼԭļҾ߶еĻֱŪˣΤ翴һۡ
ǼڽסͼһסһССķУӸ˯ĵطл͵ĵطΤЩҲҪʵ̫ˡ
ҪһֱΤƱز⼸Ѿ̬ȱ࣬
뵽ԭúõļңż칦ͱΤﱯ
ʣһЩΤ԰ɡҶڵ
и²⣬²ĻΤҲûôûôӡ
ʣµĲ˶ûҲʣºܶ࣬ΤԭҪֱӾܾǿϻиƻͲˮˡ
ĩûԹƻˣĿڸжҪǣڿƻŵζЩ˲̫ĥˡ
ʲôʵǰֵһᡣ
ײ̫ˣˮʮ㣬ƹ̫ˣһζЩˣƺҲûôѳˡ
ΤڴڵسԣƻƿкõһƬһƬģǼеζ
˶԰ҶͩΤĵ˺ܶ࣬ǰ̲סСĵ㣬Ӳôô򽻵ˣ
ӿеҲɽϵİҶָ˲һпɽôõġ
ıˣҶ䲻
ô֪Τʶڣ˵ͺˣΪҶһȻȻղŵĻƲѡ
׳ʲôˣҶʣΤתҪߣҲУ´μ㻹ǻôʣԶ
ܲٹΤû뵽Ҷôģոսȥĵ
ûҵı⣬ԭҪӡΤȻһҲһֱӰǸˡ
Ӿ͵þˡΤǺ
Τûپˣ˼Ҳ֮󣬼һö˶ò
ʲô⣿ҶȷĲ²⣬ǲǱܿƣ۾죬·һӣ
Τٴεɴ۾֪
ҶȻ֪뵽ﴨ裬̫̫͵͵ıģ
Ļֻ˵㹻һʼ˵ëȳ֮Ż˵ڱѡǿӺ滹кС
Τıʼֱ仯ûüӣҶˣûӡ
ǲǻṥˣҶص
ȻѾ֪ˣΤҲûкģԣңκ˶ṥҧˡֻܰ
´ټӣһʡҶʱڳ
ΤһûӦȰҶ˱ŷӦ
ô˵ȻǲҪ꣬ԼӣҪΤ縶ʲôΤежһֱ겻ԸҲû۸Τ磬ȴԸԼΤ粻ţԼǰǲȫˡ
صңдˣΤ˵ɫܲÿ
ԭΤҵߣȫʼҡҪΤ͡⽿ϿʲôȴǺܺãٰ磬׻ͶңΤҵļҲһ㣬ʱʱ˾Ͳ֪ˡ
ǱΣ⽿Τæʡ
ǰѱĶˣҪװޣҿЩҾ߶ܺãûŪΤԼ˵һ飬Ҷõ飬û˵ҶҪæ
ı£⽿֪
Щɽϵģȷ⽿ļ٣ȥҪûʲôµĻҪ绰ϵǱ߶æ굽ôϵɽϵˣһʶһɽϵˣʲôá
ΤĲɵص˵ͷ
鲻ãҪ˵ǼԺܹܲϺӣͿܲʶɽϵˡǰһˡ磬㲻ҪҪ踺صʱ򡣡⽿ٵǼҡҪĴ㡭
Ĵʲô
ΤµȫΪͣǵʱ⽿ҲΤˣֻҪͣҵΤõɷǵʱΤȥδӣû˹
ǰΤԸ⽿ĻΪ⽿ǶãΤȻӦı£⽿֪ȴʲôӦûС
Τ緢ֻ֣ҪҶŸɣͺܺദˣ˫˲ٳޣҶȴԸԵģֻһ㹻ˡ
裬Ϊʲôܸ꽻أѣαطǵøɽϴϹϵ
Τ磡ôô룡⽿ɫʮѿݺݵšΤһµʲôöѣɽйϵҲҡұ˽꣬ԶҪ꣬Ҳӣ
⽿
֪ˡΤشӦ
磬ҶӣҵȻΪ롣Ǽǰ㶮ҵ˼𣿡⽿ͷҪȽŸʲôѣΪǼ롣
Τû˵ƺеˣ⽿ΪңʵΪԼ
⽿ûΤӻؼʱֻĸΪʱ⽿˵ôΪһңö֮ΤҲôΪΤӻȻľԼңΤ綼ˡ
ΤеͿˡ
ôడҶͩû㳡أ˾ͱ÷ǳˣߺͨ˸ռһ롣
컹ٵأǰи߶Ҫ񣬼ֶմˣǲŽ׳ۣԱһЦ
ϧûҶеźҲǺϲֵġ
ԺУ˭˲֪


195 
Lǵ˶֪LǵҲ֪
źRսLӭսҰܣǰҶ֣˵󣬵ʱ˵ֻǻԵɺϣҲΪǻԵɺ 
һԺ󣬰Ҷɾʮλû˵ԵɺϣΪ˵Ҳˡ
ҶͩŴǰߣи죬һ·ੲݵġ
֮Ƕ֪ɣ˵ģ󱻳֮ΪѰʱҲӴ̬࣬ϣܳɳٷӴңLǶһ޶ĴڣκεطûС
⻰˵ȷʵҶͷ
LǵҲܼ𣿡ʡ
Ȼܼݣǻ᲻ᱻǾͲ֪ˡĲRǵҪǸݣ;Ի¡˺ȻģҸ˵ǰ£ǿ֪ܲΪϢѹˣֻ֪ࡣ
ˣ֪顣
ʲô£ҶȤ
RļϸǱҪƻǲôţ컹˸ӡ
ͩ˵ˣ
ܿļϸô׷֡ǸұףLǵˣװףǼϸǡ
ϸȻLǵ˲һ˶ûȴˡ
˵Ȥ˶侳Ƶģ·𿴵ǱL˵Уȫļϸ˳Ŀ˳ؽȥݡ
һĺúõţϸһ򣬵Īˤһӣִ˸磬βŸɾĵ˻ҳ۾
⻹㣬Ǹ˺׿˷ЩʸУˣֹһ磬˶ûܵӰ죬ٴδˤ
ϸˤˣ̧ȥҽʱϸģ˵ĻԼƲˣ©ݡ
쵱ʱ͹ڼϸԱ߼æ̧ȥҽòọ̈̄ʱҪܲܶ˵ڱڹˣǿ˵ˣ˾Ҫ˵һ顣
ôҶýζԼ֪⹦ء
ǵȻLǵػ˭֮ǰȥݼݣͦظԺͨҲȥݣ֪Ҷʲôʱڶο
һɾʮλﴨԭͨˣҡһߣͨ˶ۺĽڴġ
ʮλҲ̥ǣLǵķ˵ǰʱ仹ɱLǵɥʬ޼䣬ɱɥʬɡ
˹ƹЩ˵ʵɱ߼ɥʬҲڻ¡
ڸŽҶͩԹŶӣǰϵĹϵ档һ˳ȥҶͩǰҲϡ
ϵҶͩͨ˶ѣLǵˡ
Ҷʲôоûа
ǲǵءͩҰҰ죬Ÿ˵ļָоࣿ
ҶͷĲࡣ
ΧҲСģһ㣬ĶҲȫҶȥ˿ֱˮ
죬ĹӾӪḻûаȫҲʮƯζŨͷġ
Ҫԣõм⣬̫Ӳҧ
ʲôˮģ㽶ںܿ죬ȫӦ˵LǾʱһ԰ֹࡣ
ôһҪһöˣءҶž޴ıˮ˵ߣĺܳ
ͩҲűˮһڣӡû¡
γĿȻй䣬ҶҪǿΧûб
ɳĸ߶ԽߣԽѾLǵı춯ͲLǵı춯ȮLǵĴҶı춯ϸ˵LǣǰĴʱֻǰѰڣLǵı춯ÿҪѧ˵Ϲݡ
ǲ֪ο
ΧûбĴڣҶصش˶û˵е˼ˡ
صװ޵˻æΤˡ
ҶȥתһȦû©ص˵ͷ
ɻ˶ܻҶܿӦΤæලԵʡ
õǣҶ˼ӣΤһ롣
ңΤеܳ
Ҷûѱˮʲôöòôóԣڸʵ̫Τȴ֪ⶫļǮǰһܳһˮͲˡ
ˮʵرͷţڷŻԼǮһֱ͡
ڰҶùһ룬Τе㲻֪òýӡ
¡ҶϾæװ޶æŵ㣬ܶطܷⶼҪҪñӡ
ŶΤ͵ˡ
LеķӶйٸԱŲֻҪҶͲֱ򾣬ԼװޣһЩ©е̵ذ塢ĨˮʲôģҪʱãŪ򾡣
ͨ˵ɥʬΣա
ԷɡҶ
Ȼ˵ʱߣҲû˵೤ʱ䣬Ҷ֪ʱ϶̫ӿ»Լ֡
˰ҶĶΤʲôû˵ֱֻϵӡ
ǱӾ͵ŰҶϵûͣ٣ˣÿŷ㡣
ɽĲ˻кܶ࣬Ҷ˼ˣͩջû˿ʱ쵽ָ
ײˣƹϣһ׷кüпıˮ
ʢ̶ȣӿҲ̲סʿˮ԰Ҷ̬ȸˡ
ʲô¾ܸ˵ ֻҪܰæԲڻ¡ֺǺǵЩˡֱʣ
ɽϵĲȻרԵģLмˣ
󲿷ɽϵĲˣ飬ˣȥҴ߳УҶԵģǸ˶һҪôǰҶܵõĲˣҪôҶɵ֪Ӫ
ӿɲðҶɵǾõĲˣЩҪں
㡣ҶЦ
Τëһ׷ϵĲԣͩúܽ
֮ոǰ̫һʲôˣһ۾Ϳˣֿ˿ҶЦ֮仹ʲô㾡˵ˣ
ӲſӳԲˣɽڵģûĲˣͣ
Ҳ˵ҲˡҶЦЦΤֻеë֪⵽ΪʲôҪ±ⲻеô
һ˿Ȼһתⲻʲô¡
ŶԸꡣҶװ˿
ͻȻ꣬Ϊʲôĵ¡İ취Ҳܶ࣬˵ѣͷҰæͲľˡ
һɹ𣿡Ҷװܺʡ


196 
ӣȻֱ˵ʵ
ⶼнģһһͷҸΤңҶ˾ˡֺǺǵʲô¡ˣóٲˣ
װܲתƻ⣬˱ҲĲΪʲô£Ҷȴһ
ӲðҶ룬뵥Τ˵
Ҷǳɣȳ˷ȥһˡ
СҲûлʲô
ȻΤ⽿ģΤҷӡƲ˰ҶΤˣΤߺ
ֻİҶȥ̫֮ʣǰΤôĸӵģLǵ΢һ¶֪ȴֶΤֱʥĸˡ
˵ȴǺ£Ϊÿơ
Էʱ򣬰Ҷ͵͵Τʹ˸ɫʱ뿪û˵Ľ䡣
Ǹлл㡣ǰҶԲҪپˣԺһỹ㡣Τ
Ҷİæ飬һûҪˣΤимֻԼûֻܸ֤
㲻лңҰΪҶҼסӶ˵ʲô㶼Ҫ˵ҪȻؼҼ⽿Τ𣿡
ܣΤ룬ն
룬ؼң⽿ΤҲϰڰҶæȻð
ԽΤԽǰǲˣ⽿ĶǶԵ𣿵ΤȻ⽿ӻؼΤȴӱǰ⽿Ļ硣
ìܣΤҲǵһλЩµĶԴڽЩʳ֪ζǳ˺ܶࡣ
˵ʱΤ磬߹հ˹ֱӲӰ
Ҷһ߶űɻˣһߵΤ硣
СʱողڣΤˡ
谵ĹУΤɫؿ£򷢺죬˶ˡ
˵ɣҶв²⡣
ǲ֪ʲôΤȻʣҲҪؼң㣡
֪֪ҪҶܵӦʲôҪˣİɣҲôģ˵㡣
ΤһƽȻǵԼӦҶģֻܵĳ̫˵۶ʼҡҡ׹
ǰҶ̫Τƽ˵İ취ܼ򵥣ñ⣬⡢ѪֻҲܼӵб󣬷ջر󣬻ѹңLǣ
Ȼ˵ί񣬵Τûпɽ˵Lǣ¾ֱӸϾɱˡ
ȻˡҶ¶ˡ
ӲҸ㣬򡭡Τûм˵ȥҲʹӣҵѪвУ˵ҵѪûãΪңǻˣι
ֻҪιˣͻ˳ɵı󣬳֮󻹻æɱɥʬսѰ춯ǺܺõĻ顣
ǴǱ˵
һʼһһΡΤɫÿԺʱ̡˵ԼԽԽһ죬Ժ
˱ôʱ䣬и飬һʼִֹɣսҲܸߣ˵ǺܺõĻ顣
ֻ˸ԺȴҪ⡣
ȻǻۡʼϵϢϢȤϵӣٴ˿ѣ֮Ǯ֮˸֮󣬱¡
Ծʱ򣬴󲿷˶ѡű󣬱ϾҪбͶһ㱣ϣҳΣյĻܶ࡭
ֻвͨ򵽱ĲŲ׳ǣֻܰĿڳڡ
дңЩط˿ڶûղֵĺõط㼸ûˣʲôӰ졣
ҶüͷȻûӣҧ֮˻᲻ɥʬ
ΤȻɣǱ춯𣿡
ı춯ԶᷢЩĻĴࡣҶӦ֪Ķʺɣ𣿡
ʡ塢槼L൱ߵﶼϳϵӡƵҲкܶࡣ
ֹһδŶʳرĵطʱһЩ͵͵ʣʱʲṥ࣬״֮ͻȥۡ
槼ȻƢãɱĶɥʬ򾣬ϹҲˣҲᡭ״
Ƣ˭ҪֱȥҲδ˵ˡ
춯ģȫǿǵģʮִ֪ñķ⣬и״õĸ¯࣬ܶʱƵĴ
ϻܴı춯Ҳû˵ġ
Τ˼󡭡ģ
ȻҶΤʧӣͶ˵˼䣬֪ܲôġҲǺӦơܶŵͬһУֻʳ󲻸ʳֻһͷ˵ȥ
ˡΤɫܲÿ֪ʳﲻ»ɱġ
ԣЩѡٺһҪҶסͷҲʲô¾ˡҲǵҾӦǱĶ
ΪǼ򵥵Ķ죬Ա󲢲ǵı춯
Τ뵽˱򾣬һѾȷ򾲻죬Ǳʲô
֪ҧ˵ĻĻɥʬġҶ۾ͱֹŹֵҧ
ǡǡӦô죿Τ类ŵˡ
˵ʼӸ˵ñʱֻܣҺܷеĻھǾˡ
Ҵ߳ΪʲôΪԶɥʬԶ򾣬Ĵڣͺʱһͷɥʬһ
Ҷ˵ģǼֱ
ӱĳ֪Lǵôͨͷôȥô࣬бҴ߳ҲС
㡭ȷġΤ粻ȥ
˲LǶûôȫˣһؼҽӴԼı󡣼Ȼҵûȥ룬ΪʲôҶ֪Щ
ǰǸͨļͥŮڼӣĩԺҲٽӴĶ֪ôܵ顣
ֻΤû뵽һ㣬Ҳȥֻˣ̫ˡ
ʱ£ģӸ³¡ҶǺܵʵǺµĻͷѱҰ˻Ӱɡ
롣Τ羹ȻԥˣҪǰѱ󻹻ȥӻ᲻Ӻܶˣ롭ͷɱ
Ҷ۾һΪΤֻǵС£û뵽Ȼ뵽ϡ
ȲҪҵġҶȻȥǿǡҪҪ⽿Τ˵Ҳ˵ʲôԼɡ
ΤæˣҶΪǷȻ˵


197 
⽿æŸ͵´򽻵Ѿʼæʹ񣬸Τֲ١
ΤЩ´ѡתͶ£ֻмĵĻڹΤÿͷȴʲôֻܰʣ¶ѡ
ΤΤɫÿǱôˣ
ûʲôΤԥһ£û˵Ȼˣи鷢
ȥһ죬ʲôûΤüǱ߲װôԭļҾ߷Ҳòϣͷ㶼סڱ˼Ҳǰ취ֻҪЩҾߣҲط
ԭΤҲôģȻƲѾֿĶȻҪˣͰ
ڵ˰ҶͩİǱ߳˺üٷôҲ˿ڡ
ҷӣطסȥΤܲá
ô˵ԭҲǲСͷͷǰסڶУ棬Ȼ䣬һסһ䣬еطûϵΤôܵˡ
ͷ̬ȻУѾʼΤ˦ӣǶ⽿ɫҲôá
Τһ춼ңܹһ춼סȥ
ǼӦûо˰ɣԳȥⷿӡΤҲϲס⽿ңЩ˱̫죬ڶ̬ȻãΪմӱǱ߻
Щ£Τ翴͸˺ܶණ
ⷿʲôΤüٵһףھ˲ܶáǱ߾ʲôûУô˵Ǳֳٶǲǹ㣿
ΤջûסΤ硣
ȻǱ߷ǳ࣬Τ绹ܵΣæűɻˡֻǿΤɫΤ粻˵ʵ
⽿Ц·Сſڣûߣ߻иĸߴߣΤ˧
Τɫˢһ±ʮѿûзȻǵһο
ȥҸ磬һе¡⽿Ц
ȻСˣĩûԿ࣬ķǳЩ׾ݵͨˣ⽿ȥֻʮͷŮʱ
Ÿ߸ЬսС䣬⽿ΤһۣתΤ磬磬ǱôǼҵδɾȫˣ˵ɽһˣ𣿡
ûСΤҡͷ
⽿ʧȥʵڲоʹˣˣʱû˾ˣǼֻʱ˾ˣֻʱ
Τͷ룬˵裬ҵı󡭡
ڲ˵ʱӾ͵ûپˣǼòôྦྷˣڲסôԺ˵Τ
⽿ҲŰǻ磬겻Ҫ㿴ܲתæӡ
˵˵ȥ⽿Τþ˰Ըȥ͡
ǰ︻ԣʱóôྦྷ˸ڼˣԸþǺ£Τ⡣
룬û˵顣
ȻﲻæֻԼ취ҶͩͲֻǰ£ûرС
ڶһ磬Τ߰æ
ɻĸ磬˶ŬԼϣܵõྦྷˣЩͨ˺òץĻᣬôܻŹǰܴ򹤣õҲֻǳԵĶѣǵĹʾȻǾˣһöû˲
ҪǰҶйˣLǵͨ˶
ڼLǵͨ˶֪иɵǮĸˣиúܺÿĶӣװޱóĹǾˣԵɽϵ߲ˡ
Ҷ²ΤǲǾ߹ٸǱĳݣóôྦྷˣɵǮ໹⣬ܴɽôˣܹϵճԼԣͺˡ
Ҫ֪ǺһߣҲ˵ɽϵ˵Ѱʳ
ѾֺܶԳԵıֲʳˮ߲˶УȻζǺܺãӣȫĩǰʳ
ֻζϣʵǲҹά
ǾȳζҲûôӲܲ𿪾ͳԣĩǰĻȣǾ޻ǺʯͷĲ
еĳʳĩǰڵʳٺ٣Ҷûͷ϶Ҳܽʵ
ƫƫLɽɽϵĶĳЩֲζҲʮֺãıֲڸõķߣɽϵֲǿڸԽԽãԽԽá
˵ƨ֣չǹûܰѳֵסɽϵƻӡӵȵȣʵףԾͺ𣬺Ǵģ㿾Ŵɿڣɽϵ߲ۡ˵ȵȣԽԽóԣԽԽóԡ
Lǵ˰£취ŪɽϵĳʳڷϺÿ棬̸ʲô鶼̸ɡ
ҶԼԵģûС
ҲΪҶЩԼԣҲŪʲôˣΪʲôɽϹϵôá
ϻרſӣ¥Ͱ˰ҶͽͣΤ絽ʲôϵ
Ҷûֻӣþԡ
ʵҵɾЩ߲ʵ̫ѳˣԡҶû뵽ô࣬еԶðҶϵȽɶ
ˮǼӲĹζ̫ŹˣеûĳرɬҶǳԲȥ
ԴLǣÿγԷҶֱζͬ
С翴Ҷߣ˽ţɽϵˮֳһɹͷó
һһɹͷɡҹ˵˵ע󷨣ŵ㾧ˡҶֲ͵
ɣСش
ֻСӴţȥլԷ¶˵ˡ
˷ҹȥطžˣϺС桢С˿ȥժˮ̫õͷһȥӵȴõһ֣ʣµõǲִãֱɽ
Сˮɽ槼ٴ档
ӡƻ棬дӣҡСָָ޴䣬԰˼㽶ͲܣŻǲ
ʱ򿴿ˮôҶͩȥϴҺ档
ͩ˸С裬ȥϴ
С粻ɻ˶͵͵槼ҲҶ˵̫໰ֻתˣûؼҿ˳Զٷء
ɽϵˮ飬ζرŨϴɾ֮Ƥܳԡ
Һ˼ӲԵ̳СӻСӵģϵ
ЩҺ˿Ը𣿡иɻĺӿҶְҺ˷һߣܲӡ
ڲСҶҡͷһȥһԺȥɣõĻӦ󵽡
ڰҶ뷨Ȼͷ⼸ҺˣɽͷҺ˻кܶءûȥооУڻ֤
ǵʱɵȥ󣡡ᵽӱޱȡ
Сɽؼң槼ȥһ˱Ϣܿ촫ҶܵĹעٴߣǺӡ


198 
˳ƨ֣£ƤһĶָܻ֮ٶȱǰӿ죬ܵȼһЩ
յ·ϢǾýֻСǱ߰æҶֳķĸҪ
һ磬ˡ
ӴˡҶֺǺǵΣ˳Է
ԺڵĲֶһЩСˮʱ˳Ӵģһӡ
۷Ź⣬Цˣǰרѧʦ
Ǻã߻м⣬һʰɡҶϲ̵
ͩնһ㣬ΤСȻʳôֳ⣬úˡ
ɽϺɱÿóⶼܿ
ҲԼϢ֪ɽûɱû⣬ɽԼ⣬һ²ó
Ҷȴɽϵ⣬ǲɫ⣬ô
ûζһ𣿡Ҷе档
ȼԽߵı춯ζһ㣬ɽϵû취ȡǵͨⶼǵȼ͵ģȼ΢һЩĺ١
ȼԽߣ춯ԽɱȻҲ͸٣ȼ͵ı춯˵ûôץȽס
Ҷͷʾ⣬ֻǲ̫ΪʲôɽϵĶرˡ
һ⣬ײ˳Ƭཷ˿һ׷İϡ
û뵽ôɣӴЦ߽ҶƵġ
Τܲڣ˶㣬±ӿ
ˣһԸҶǺЦҲһ
׷ȻζôĶ࣬һҲ㹻
ҾǺ棬ɽǱߵʲôϵûʰҶٲˣƽʱԵģȻ٣֪ǰ˸Ҷʲôϵ
ֻΤȥɽһˣôණȻܡ
ǰҲûӰæҲԴ۶ѣڵΤûпɱԡ
Ҳûʲô˲ĹϵЩʲô㲻õġҶЦĲ͸¶
⣬⡣ͷ
Ҷ˵⣬ҶҪ˵ʲôϵҪ⵽ǲˡ
һһСĺ⣬ҰҰ˵Ȯɽˣ
ǰɣϢҶڵ
Ȯܲɽסһʱ䣬仯ǳ󡣡ֺǺǵģæ֪ɲɣ³֮ҿٸһͷΣ
Τ͵̧ͷӣԼָæͷ
ʲôöӾȻҪóⲻǺ
˵˵ʲô£ҶЦѾ˲²⡣
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ӽؿۺǺΤ磬û˵
ҲԱˣȥǱߡҶ
ãӵȵľ仰ȵû˵ĵط㰴಻ס˵ͷвٱ㿴ܸܲɽϵİҶϻæѵѵֻܸ˵ڡ
Ҫǻ˱Ҫѱ춯ȥɽѵ˵ΤȣҶ϶˵æǰӣǱ˼ˡ
ҧ˻˸Ⱦɥʬӿ϶пƱֶΣʱһ֣ˣ㲻ˣֻǵѵ󣬰ҶҲ⡣
ҿɲұ֤ҵðʡҶ̫ϣɽӦ֪
ǵȻǵȻЦʾͳɡˣܲһЩ˻ȥģøľ˲٣ȼϣʱһ㡣
ɣȫúǸɲˡҶ㲻˵˵ҸһЩ
һ˿ɻӹЦҲʱ⣬´вˣɵøһЩ
û⡢û⡣ҶæӦ
۳ӿ뿪Ҷתͩײϣɫ̫ÿӣҪװǣĵ
СĲ˻һЩҶˣˮֱûó
ǰʰ꣬ҶһЩ˺ˮҪñ֪ӡ滹һӣ֮ҺȥҪ߱ˡ
ãؿ˰ҶһۣŶˡ
װ޵Ĳ࣬ҶԼóоˣɻļλÿ˸һöˣ͵ˣҲУҶҲһöˡ
ǵ͵ˣˣȻû֪˭ҶЦѾǣֻһλᣬ´οɲܴ׬ȡˡ
͵ˣ˸ںǾðҶѾѱװ޺ãԺʲôæ
ֻеԺȥɽϵİҶӦƸɻʱ򱻾֮⣬ź֪ķӦСǴʧʲô
ҹɻ˰ɢˣΤҲѾ뿪ҶȴڱС
СӳĸûƣҶԼɳˡ
ˣҶʡ
ʱ䶢ųбģмˡˣû֤ݶѾȫСӳµʱоϡ
оֳ֣ڵµĴ󲿷־㲻ϣҲֱӵ١Ҷ»ǵСĵ㣬ñֳ¡
еѰ졣Сӳüڳӵб˾ͲСĿһЩܲÿƣߴűǵҲУбҴ߳С
ĳеСĿֻҪǰѣӦòǴ⡣Ҷָӣһͷҳи뷨
۾ᣬƤëر⻬ģɣԵĶҲӣֻҪܳԱУƽʱҶһ߲ܡ
̫ͩϲ󣬳ʼ῿
Сӳ˵֮󣬰ҶͩűţСӳĸи档
ֻгξҪСģȵķΧڣûеͨҲû˵ȣȫǾˣٸǱҲȽϿףûϵŪˣͷҲñ˰Ҷ
߶ԼˡСӳҶϢ̫š
Ҷظ
¶ģҶѾһ߶űһߴСӿ·ǽݾǰ˶ѾСӳ˿Ҷ
ĴŴرգҲῪţ滹ƣֻһ㶼˳֡ǰй˺ҪסΧL˸ˡ
ȥſڣҶ
ſڣģڳ˵һԥ
ҶȽͩҲȥһͷԥı


199 
ֻҪ춯ֱɱСӳ
Ǳ󣡡ϱͷӦë׵СȸߵıûظӦ
ϱķӦСӳԤ֮У֪뷨ôѻ֣õҲûУ֪Ϊʲô
ӳ˼ǣϱ뵽ʲô۾˲ˡ
ȷʵǘõ֮һִйɱɥʬھҲСûгΪСӳĸȦӶûܻ
Сӳ׽ˣǵһʼ飬Ǿصõĳƨֶ࣬ɽϵĹϵãõĺôǾ˵ġ
Щ˵ܵȼԶߵģٶҲģɳٶֻԽԽ죬ֻʼãɽϴ˹ϵѡ
ӳϱ۷Ź⣬ΪֹҲֻܹ͵õһöƨ֣αƨûõأ
Լ֪ͺáСӳֻҪˣԺôǡ
ǣϱû˱뷨ɽϵİҶĲģ
ܿҵѵص㣬Ŀſڣ۱㵽ʲôطܱ֤һѻֵš
׼У˿仯Ӳ۾
һʼż¶ͼƬһë˿ģ۾ر𴿾ǿ˵ʱ򣬸һֺȺȵĸо
̧СţҪȻ˻۾һ졣
Ҷ棬ҿʲô仯
ͨҶ˼ٴγԺ˻
˼ΣϱҲֵĵطˡ
LǵʥأʮλԺLȻģģĿҲǿģڶҴ߳ȴǰΪĴڡ
˶ȥݣǵı춯Ҳ⣬ÿʵȥ֮󻹻ѧ˵ģݡ
ȻϽȥ
ѹֶӳϱЩˣ˶͵ű춯һ
Ͻͩ˸ţ°Ϳſڵı󣬡ҪϽ𣿡
ʡҶܴ֪ĻЩ춯Ȳϵġء춯ﲻһĵطǾйԣһƲסԼܣͻѪô˵ܲҼ˵ɣʵв
˶ϲҲһ
ⲻôӵĻġ
ԣҲһأҶû֤ΪҲʲôķӦ
мصĶʮּԣҶʵܶطÿοÿεĸ򶼲һֻԼһֿԳɳӵĴศɣɳջ
ҶãССɥʬ⣬Ӧȫ⡣
ٴ̧һֻСţ˽
۾ָ⣬Ҳ𽥱Ҫ˳ȥӲסˣȻֱһ˽
κλŵĴڶȥҲˣԼԼزԼиβķӣΪ˻ȥѡ
񵱳֮以ɱһͬΪ˻ȥֻܳͬʬ壬ֻҪܳԵĶԣֻҪܻȥκηȥԡ
شкԽԽ࣬·һ˿Ҳʧı󣬰Ҷɫӡ
HݣҶȥHǳǵ·ϵˣʱѾ˳˵ֻŵ˶ųֻҪ־ͻֱĨɱ
û㹻ʳҴ̫࣬˶ȥ
ĩǰҶͿһţϵĴʧϵʳﶼԣҲʱΪ˻ȥǻ᲻ͻޡ
ֻʳ㣬ʵʱЩ¡ɷԼŻЧ
ֻ㹻Ϊ˻ȥѡ
ġҶ˸ţѿȥѾȫܶıȥԼҲϣ۾
ģԺг֣ϴοǲһܶطˡ
Ҷ黺򿪣ҳϻ򵥵񿴵ѿӳ죬ʧҺ˵ϡ
ȻһתҶһ޴ķ·Ҫһӣͣؼÿһ¶ϡ³Ũࡣ
ȻҶֿҺ˱һֻе㱿׾ӣֽȫţͺȥӲĺ³Ũ
ֵĺӺȻһתֱҺˣһ䵽ϡ
һƮڿ
ҶˣҶ͵ſۣ·Һ˲Ϊͩп̵𣿡
Уͩݹȫ׿̵
ֹ̫רҵֲɱɥʬҲܻԵģ׾ҵȫףõ֡
ҶһöҺˣ۾
Һ˱·Ƽ򵥣ǵ׼µʱȴֲסҪƻҺ˵·Ҫӵģʵ̫ѡ
ԺеĻ棬Һ˲ֻô򵥣Ҫԭ·м򻯣ʹ֮ü򵥣
Һ˼Ӳޱȣ̵ºۼҶü
룬ȻһƬҶʩչܡ
Ҷһ˷ޱȣٿ̾ͱࡣ
ԭˣˣҶʵȻ󷨣Ҫ󷨣Ҫıеã̵ͨ϶ûá
ǰҺܱа˵ȻҲе
ҺģŹ֣·ȻγɣƴֲڣʵǴô򵥵شϣҲе˵á
ڰҶٷְȷãΪȻڣҺȻۿɼ
ѹĳɳٶʮ־ˣȫǵȻơ
Ҷһֺܿ״̬˫ĿſգͫʲôûУϵĶȴޱȾ׼ԭҺ˿ʼֱ仯һʼϸ΢̽ҶĶԽԽ졣
Һ˳һƽĵףĳһԵ ˫ֶ˶٣ɿгڵҺˣħƵгһƵİ֡
һģͷССӳڰҶġ
·βһɽСӣͳɹ⻬ԲǽſĿռ޴Ƶġ
Ҷֳ˸ͩϣЦУ°빦
ҲһŶͩһָֻҶ
ҶĲһ·ЩƻŤŤġ
ҴϡҶ󣬡ܺÿ
ͩصͷ
˵һɹƷͼ򵥺ܶ࣬ҶͷеҺ˴󲿷ֶ̳ɣǽϵһС
ʣҺˣҶ˼
Ҫ̺ӡ
۾ҺˣԺ￴ȴֲǵҺˣ˳·ʣеĴҶƬҲһһĶ
Ҷܿ첶׽ָоٴζ
ͩԱɿĺ档


200 
ſţϱǶĿİҶͩȻΤ磬ͷȥ֮ͱֵĺܲı
ðıȥ˲Ϳʼϱ˲ָҪ°
ܿ죬û˷һɽѹڱϣȫܶܿȥǺܷ
Ӧò쳣ϱ΢ɣǾ۾ض档
ҶѱŵϣԼҲԱߣóһҺˡ
ϱֻͨͨҺˣûʲô쳣ģĩ֮ǰÿ춼ҪԺܶⶫİĸоûС
ܿҶʼ̣ϱضţȻգۣ΢΢Ŵ͡
ǺʵȥƵģòϱʲôǰҶϵĶȥϱȴˡ
רѵ̬ǷеӵܴŲ׽λãɰҶĶȴ
ԽǿϱԽżӳűҲֻǶűѣñҶ
ģϱ񿴵Ҷһ̵СǱС޴󣬻㱼䣬Ҷڰлľ޵Ȼʼɽ
ɽкΪҶɽʼı
պۣһƬ
ҶĶȻֹͣϱ˸£ٱ۾ͿҶһʵ޻Һˣֻǵ̳Сӵģ
Ȼ˶壬ȻֻȻʵĸо
ܵȼܳʱ䶼ûȴȻֵȼɶĸоϱԼҲ٣Ӧ˲䲻˼ؿİҶ
ȻСӳΪʲôôˣҲֻǵ㵽Ϊֹ˵ʲô
һ컯ֻ᲻Դ·˵Ƶġ
ϱİҶıޱȾηϡ
LΪƨ֡ȴڣɽԻͷɽɽ򣬻ֵܣ˵ĴڣĿҴ߳жҪࡣ
ϱΪʶ٣ȴδҶĴڣһ˫컯֣ܷƸꡣ
ԣϱȻ˦˦ͷ
ɹˣҶҺ˵̵Сӡ
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˺ߴţҶùȥڱĲϡ
Һ˱ϵ·һ˿˿ֽл塣ͮͮ۾ָɫȫָϵĹϡ
ˣáҶԴ
ǵĲ˲Ҷ֣ȻģǸǰһϸĻֱᷢҶ׽ǷģΪϵĻ
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ӦñȰҶŶԡ
ೢԾͺˡҶҶƬûأ
Ŷͩͨˡ
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˲䣬ϱһ
뵽ˣΪʲôСӳ˵ΪʲôĪΪʲôһ컯
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ĩü꣬ΤʲôӣL΢һ֪ĪֶΣΪʲôҪԿࣿ
ԭֻһǾ겢ǰꡣ
ϱоԼĲ²ǾȷģҲֻǸ˲Щ£ΪǴеL˵
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濴Χ·ǸǰһûСӳҶͩҲûƵġ뿪ΧҶͩ͵Ļ˱
һСսĸˡ
ﻹǺܻ谵Ҷ̺õĶҶŵˣͷһ˷ָҡСӴڱã԰иЩˡ
˵Ҷüɱ˵ľˡ
֪ˡСӳͷȻҲôġ
Ĺ̺ܲңûа취ı䣬Ƿ֮ȴҲѡȥɱˣΤʱס󣬻ֱӻӡ
ģΤûٱģȫӱ
ֻ̳ɹСֻҶһʣµ׼ǸΤ磬ֻܸСӳһ
۳ҪˣҶץʱϢ
ڶһ磬ǺΤǰŵ
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ʱΤŷΤ̬ȸǰһˣ߳ŭǲǼΤӺãǹˣǺðȥҪٻûӣ
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Τ¼ȫǱߣ⽿ò룬ֻıߵġΤû⽿ˡ
ףҲ⡣
ͥ䣬ΤܲסѹҲҲĳ·ֻܰѹתƵΤϣΤܺһ㡣
Τ⣬ΤǶԵģҪԼеѹҲ̫ɵˡ
ѾװޣҪæĵط࣬Τɴ˹ߴɨ
ǵǷְ࣬æ
ˣ׼ʱţϵĲˣ۾¶⡣
ˣһԷҶЦ
ԭڿˣӵ󣬾ȻûðҶָӣԼﵽ¥ϣϢز
ɫ£ϵĲ˴ʣµģһЩûжһȾܳԡ
Ӳس࣬ԵĲˣѿӷ£ʵĲˣ
ûСҶҪ׼СҸɽ˵ˣҲ˳һ˵¡
ҽˣӹЦҲû˵ʲôֱˡ
Ҷ۾治öԸ
ԣ糿ԷռһҪ̽̽Ҷ̬ȣŪɽϵʲôϵ
ڰҶܷһΡεģҪǻʲôóĻӿ϶ᷭ
Τ硣ҶȻѱ
ΪʲôΤʣûðҶҪᣬˡ
ʱ֪ˡҶ
ΤûмʣʱĻؼһˣȵڵʱ͵͵ѱ˳
ı۾ͮͮȫûйˣİ˿ʱ궯ĺ


201 
ϡҶҴģá
ΤӹģŹֵҺˣɫĮȻ뵽ֻԼ⽿ΤǶűߣֶֻΣȴδͺ
Һ˿ͨΤ֪ⲢͨıˮԹ⣬ڼζڻûֱԹõӡ
һ𡣡ΤԺҸʲô͸ʲôҲж
ҶͷϿСĵ㣬ҲȷӦӦ
Ҷı¥¥ɽƤ̨ףСצ˴ϵҺˣʮֽźڶĿ
㲻ҪΤԱ˵
Τദʱ䳤Դӱ֮ͳϦദΤ鲻ʱҶˣİ˵Ϣƽ˲٣ֻ۾Ƿ졣
Һ˺˳ĴȥҶסķӦ
ͮͮ۾ץ²ӣе궯Τİ»ָƽ˺һ󳹵ƽΤ˯ˡ
Τ鼤СԪԴӡû˯ھȻ˯ţлл㣬˵ҸʲôУ
ıԭΪı춯һΤԱãԼܸõĶ˱󣬽Ȼˡ
˵Ľ취̫ΤĵߣԸô
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202 
ӼƵʱͷһʲôϢûõڶֻΤڡ
أɫܲÿȻԼһˣֵ»в˶űߣȻ֪Ҷͩʲôʱߵġ
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ȷӺȻתת飬ôˡ
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Ҫȷɽϵ˲Τߡ
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׼ã͵ŰҶ֡
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203 
L޵ͷд󲿷ֶǾãʱػսʿǰʾС
Ҷ۾ؿгСĻ棬ҹLǺƽż·ߣεĻˡ
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204 
һʼϱžĿ꣬ȥ񣬽ȫ˱󣬷
ϱȻܴİĿĺ޷֮ȥ
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ñ꣬Ҳ˭ҶԱ֣ҪǺú


205 
Ӿĵﵽ¥䶼һ飬Ҳ˱ԪĹӣҲף꼷˽ȥ
¥µڱ˵ʲô˵Ļ
ʱ򣬱ررչѾʶԼɽЩƯĴʹǲһģɽͷرϸȲϣҲᱻ
ǸܷķļԭѾʧʱȴԼ۾һ˿ߣֻܿʧ
ɡҶûͣת˱
ûɫ任һ͵һţ˽䱸ؿŰҶֻֽͩΤڣû֮Էࡣ
ǳ˳ƨܸ֮Lе֣Ӻܼɵ
ӣոջɳİҶɳ˿εӦԼ¥ˣ⼸Ҳ֪ô£ӱرСз紵ݶر¡
Ĳ֪Ϸʲôʣѵʲô֪
׷ʲôҺͶ糿ŽǣѵˣҶЦȴʲô¶ûе¥ûʲô£Ҳûж
ʱӲȻӦҶ֮ǰȥɽϣŸջ
űɽˣӺȻ뵽ʲôæʡ
ҶڵӺܹɣ˲ɽϵĶðҶûҪȻһ治֪ôźá
Ȼˣù죬Ҷû
û̫ϲӡҶҪɽѵĻµڰɽһطҶñլӡﵽ׷ʲôˣ
¥ͩ͵˷䣬Ѵ׵ӺԪ˳
ֻȥΤıԪҲܿסǣȥûֵĵطǸջĻ
ԣӺȻӦȥɽϣΤûУۿģ
ҲɵҶȻЦˣ㷢ˡ
ʲô˼ʶԣû¥ݣǳ򴰻
ʱӺȻԴӣ˻
죬ȥıûйģҲУ겻ܿƣʱȫôά֣
ǵһͷı
ӱǿʮִصؿӡǵúܶ飬ǼǵĥԹɫ֪ԼֵĻˡ
ҶûֹֺǺǵǰ㲻ߡ
ʲô˼㲻꣬ǡӿҶϤҶƬɫʱޱȾ֣ĵ  ʲôһϣǧҪ֡
㻹ǵҰҶпжûˣ㻹ǵõĳ𣿡
ǵáǵáΪǵãӲûйŲӷ
ҶȴûôŹӣߵǰ£ҶƬЦʱĩտʼLǻûôǿQǡHҲûݡʱвҲνĩʵҲ
ΪLǵάĺܲҴֻҪûбɥʬʱǰȫģҲкܶӿꡣ
ʱϾϢLи
Ǹӵ˺ܶ࣬ҲͼȥԮֻһֻûҵðҶϤǸطͼƬһҵˡ
ǹĺӣͱɥʬһӺһȺ׳
ҶȻ˵ֱӶ֣ʱͩûˣССһֻȥ˵·ˡٸľǴ߰ĺӣкüΪȹ㣬ֱӴȹӡ
и˰Ҷֲ̣˵رڣҲˣؼĳλرСֱС
ôʱȥ㻹û䰡һҵ˲ĹҶпӣͷӦвپ˰ɣǲÿ춼ĺģ
ǼҲ䷹ͩԱ߲䡣
ѾȷϰҶݣһһܣֱ̱ڵϣû˷˼
үүүүҺүүˣͷŹҰɡӵҼﻹźӣǲûҰʱѾܵͷ˺ܾãѾˡ
˭˵ˣҶذ˰˵˵ڣ˽Ӧ֪£ھǳˣȰ㲻Ҫн
۳ŰҶŹһ÷Źңҿĳ˵ĸ
޸ϵɣҶʣ˵˵֪£ҿȷôǰǿһ첲ֱӶ֡ˣ칫¥ǱǽϵҶƬڲڣ
˵ҶҲ֪ҶƬڣöҶƬҲܴ
˵Ҳ֣öҶƬǽϣڻǾӨ͸ģ˵в˶ĽȥհʱܶŰҶţΪҶƬûб仯
ϻĤöҶƬģǧǿǻˡ
ȻҶҶƬܲ־Ҫ˶Ӿս߰鷢ݵ˻Ǻܶġ
ŰҶô˵ֻáһ
жٱL棬ǻжٱԼҶζĵط
ҾǸСЩǻܣô֪ӶݺݵؿűӣſƱӣһζûɹ
رСıԪҲܹȥ֣ͼƣԪ۾⣬ȴָܿƽ
ӵСս۵ףҶЦЦ㻹ǲҺܾûˣҲ֪׼ͷôͩ졣
ͩһ˷ܵĳȥѹӣ졣
һ룬ӵȻ͵һſӾȻʪһ飬һɫǺ죬۾Ҫιȥȴûס
˺һҶ˰֣ͩɿ֡
ڵϣۻɢû˵
Ҷ̾û뵽ôû֣׼ͷôáʵ˵ɣҪȻҶĺֲܿġ
ɵĥ˵ķˣҶҲİ
ûֶãǿ˿ڡ
ҲУ̫׼ֻǸͨˣһţǳԹʳģôܷʱ⣬ȥ̫ࡣ
ҶСӳ绰ӵĻҲȫţǱ߻ûĿ꣬ңұ׼ʲôʳ
ɣСӳӦ
Ѷ취ǧǧҲҩ︨ȵȣЩҶֶо˵ʲôζһ޵ĸо
ӱץϢ˶ãοLôĶͨ˲֪һʲô
ԶһҪ죬ҶСӳߣ˵ֱӳ֡
е˵ûУðҶֱǶħһӲĹͷֻҪ뵱̫࣬͵ó֣뵱̫࣬Ҳû̫ġ
㳤ðװ׾ģû뵽ôƿڴͼŭҶ
ҶҲȷʵˣĻش˦ȥҶƬá


206 
һֱкڰҶӣĩձûõʱ򣬴ģڰҶӣֱٳ
ʵҪϸ˵ҲǺڣΪҶԸ˵ʱȷʵֶξҲûʲôϴ׵ġ
ֻǺҶֳĶһαһδټɽϵĶʮ⣬ÿγֶ˵Ŀ⣬ڽĴҶЩڰҶĴڡ
Ͼɽϵĳƨ̶֡ɡǰҶRǵźɽϣĴβ϶ǴҶģܶ඼ǰҶķۡ
ĽС棬ΪʲôԼûĻðҶߣӴ֮һ졣
ҶϹ⻷̫࣬Ѿû˼סĳЩرܡ
ҶȻʩչͺԭŵļϤգЩѾҲָˮ档
ԭڰҶӲǼٵģȷȷʵʵֶΰЩе˰Ҷܣûлֵ˼
ＤŭҶҲˣǲûлķӣҶƬ
սʿǿҲЩҲ̶ãѶر˳
¾òŰҶʲôˣֻҪõ֤ݣȻᴦ£ڱҲȷĴ취ˣɱ˵ıҪ۲۲쿴ܲûɱ˵ģСҺ˾ͽˡ
Ӵζ벻һʼԵͲˣǰҶ
Ϊܲй¶ⱲӴŶû취˼ˡźӣҶصСӳǸŮʹźˡ
ĻΤ硣
黹ûѾûбʲô¡
ԭ㲻ꡣΤɫӣʵӦ뵽ģֻǰû˵仰ΪԼ˽꣬ҲûôΤú˵
ڻ©
ԭΤҪǸɽйϵͲˡǵԸҲ˲仯ô󣬳ǻˡ
ЦΤôޣȻҲûֻˡ
Ҫκ˵Τ⽿ҶȻҪ̫ܲá
ҶΤ֣صҲ͸¶ǡ
ǾͺãҲỹ㣬͵ҴҪģ㲻ҪԹԡҶ˵ķǳԺҲסߣ͵ҿţżš
áΤͷ
Ȼô˵ڰҶݣֱȥĵطסҲĸСӳ˼棬ֻڱ棬Ҷټαװ꣬Էһ¡
αװʱô˵ҲΤ裬һһһ㣬˵ɳϲ̶ܺȣɻʱҲֳܱܴӣżҪһָ
ϸڣҶоܾãڲ˵¯࣬ٲرϤϲⲻꡣ
԰ɡҶ̫ѳԡ
ȥŪ𡣡ͩ˾
˻ɽϼ죬ԵɽԼֵĴף׷࣬Ŵĺ࣬ζˣڻصҪԱףҶ;Լһθڶûˡ
װ޵ıûдԺڱ棬רŵ̴ͨ档
̨ܴȼֱӰѺӽò˶೤ʱŵζ
ΤѾ֪Ҷʵݣʱóû֣е㼤
ҲбΤеĽ˵ζ̫á
øϹһʮѸ٣ѾͨȫƷ֣Ҵ߳淢ҰıҲԳԡ
Ȼͷ󣬵ƤӲĴάҧãֻרŵĻե֭ȡӪֵ֭ҺȣҲһЩڼ˻ר࣬ȻֱӳԱζٱȺȰ׿ˮǿ
ɽϵĺҶҲȷûб죬ĩǰĺ̫һ
ٶȸ죬Ҷ۵ʱ򳴲˻ͷرóԣʮŴά٣ÿɺɶܺܿ
ͩ»ֱӰȥоֱ֮ó
ƤĺŴðʮʳ
һԡҶ˺ܶ࣬øҿ
ΤͲĲУһ̵ز֣ͣԪһ㡣
ԪųҶҲֱһӡ
ӿŰҶԺҲѧСצӰȿ˾ƤҲܺóԣͰƤҲˡ
ԴȥһɽϣڰԼλá
Ϊһͷôǿ֮ǰû϶֣ǲΪûɽѡܾԼɽһΣ˲١
֪鲻ֱϳ壬Ҳ֪е˶һģ˾Ͳһ
ɽЩ󹷺ʹ񣬶ܴʶѧϰһЩΪԼĶӾԼҲӦͻ͵͵ع۲࣬ûԼѧϰĵط
Lĵķ仯أͨҲʶ⡣
ȫʧϵһЩϢҲʧ˷ʲôȻ֪ Ѿµ϶ˡ
ͨ˵ûбֻȥһݡ
ﴨȴĵĴصھӿϢҲѸٴϡ
ȥǼһǵȥһҲһ𡣡̫̫ûԭֻľ
ʱ˵֪£ڳıûˣҲкֱܶʧƺҲ֤̫̫Ĳ²⡣
̫ûͣҲûʣһȥ
ﴨûлؼңȥ˾Ȯ
ڵȮѾԼС䣬ȻܵͰҲûдֻǴһĹ ȴвǦͷݸֽȵȣһֻ
ƽʱûµʱȮҲῴֻżڲݸֽϵһºֺƴʲôġ
ﴨʶսʿŽ
æءﴨȮС棬ûпģ
˵Ҳ֣ҪǻǰﴨҲһ̶ֳܴȣûţû˸ʲôԼˡ
컯ܶණҪ֪ͣ
ﴨһۣȮӷ š
¸йϵ𣿡ﴨʡ
Ȯ˵ͷϳҲȥģԸLı󣬵ʱ˺ܾòųɹȮ˼Լܻǿ
ԺLǻȶɡﴨûʾ壬ֻLǣLǵ˳ɾͣҲرLһ
ﴨǿɾͣӿLǵˣȻĹעLǡ
ᡣȮд˸֡
Ǿͺáﴨ˿Ҳܹ̫ʱ䣬üˡƳɥʬͷԼʱһɱɥʬ˳㲶ԣҾһۡʱֻϵ
Ȯһʾ֪ˡ
˵ЩʱСӳǻжУ֪Ľ賿ڱѸٳ䶨ٲ󷨿ƣżҪѪάǵĴڡ


207 
ʣµıȫձ࣬ʲôʱ뿪ȥĿǰ˵֪ʱ䣬ֻаҶΤͷ糣ж
ЩϵĹƺܷܿųҶ
ǵģֻҪϸͻųСӳЦһֱǣÿ쿪̫ˡ
Ҳǣׯٶȿ죬ζôɣôӣׯڵľôطûٸġ
طأҶ룬ʡ
ȥ꿪ʼLǸҴ߳Ҳн󲿷ʱе߶LǣҲMֱɷɻġ
Mֻͷͷ͹Сӳ۾Ĺ⡣
ͰҶϤȻ֪ҶMǻиѣƽʱϵջƨֵʱҲæ
MǱ߷СӳѾ֪Ϊž϶Ҷôһǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ҶҪֱӴLǳɽ׼дѡ
δMֱɻûɽϣȥLǡִLǳɽ
MǿҶһ߰ëһ߸пץıҲLǲ㶼Բ
дͩ˻ֻ
ǵų㡣ĵҲ׼ã͡ϾơʲôġҶ룬˿㶼Ҫʲôϣ׼ȫ
ɽлƶĶ꽴ζʮ൱ܻӭӦƵ̲˵ȵȣĩǰڵϾơ׵ȵʱҪ죬Ϊ˺ܶܶࡣ
ҪǰϸϵıĩǰĶûڵֻҶ׼ĺȫصľأˮľˮһרҵ⣬Ȼˣûڡ
Ҷæ˶
һɽϾرãӷıǰܣԼҵլӴš
̫ãǴſûз磬ѵô̳һͬԲԴģɹ̫
۾
ҲǼüεСһͲˡ
ȴ£צ̽ԵشûצӴٴ
˻˻ۿ˿תˡ
ƿڵĵطһеȤȥšʵ̫Сˣر̣צӸ̣Żû
Ժıȴˣܼ
ΪٸŰҶɽϣӲ֪ϴΰɵģԭиص
ɽϣûԺ֣ѧϰ
Ӿ΢˵ѣСдġ1+1=ͺˣҪѧϰأѧϰĻ֪ʶڱ˵ֱǶꡣ
ҪСѵԹԵȥԺڰ׺ͻȸܴһʮˣ㻹ʲôᣬֻϽȡ
ӻǿſڣȥ澿ʲôţûһ°
˵˲Ҫǲ뷣ˣһͷСð𣬵ûձ
ǰǶ˵ˣͷȽ⣬ƺڽչĸУٴĻαҵˣڸ֮ǰҲܳȥ˵ġ
ҳȥɡС룬Լȥ
լľʵ̫ʵû˸ƻ
С̧צӣ˿һС죬ÿŵ
ӴϤСУЦŴк
㰡ϴγƨֳʱСоͼʶһķҲʶûȨţ˵˼仰ˡ
ܸˣô궼ô󣬸ûٳ󣬵ǰҶĴȴһһĶа˸ˣһʮ־ɥš
һǰƿûõСڻôͬ΢оͷСرС
ʱҶźͩ˫һˡ
͵ˡҶ˵
صóԵ㡣ҲܸˣҶô˵ΪԼˣϤԲŲ⡣
ҪǰҶܿףǷƲŻء
Ҳб죬ͬб򾣬ɥʬȴǺ֪ܶ࣬ΪʲôͬǵȼԽߵıζԽóԣԽץ
MǵںߣҴ󶼾˸ˮйϵܣץ㣬LǾʹ㣬ƵɽϴһЩúܴװš
滹б飬ȻΪ˱ʡ
Щ㳤òÿζЦžԡ
ԾԡҶ״ţԴЩ㡣
ȷʵÿеͷܴܴȴֻһ㣬ȴʮϸۣؼûô̡
⣬ʱ̨ٴΰһ֣һӲˡ
ŷʱ򣬷Ʋ˵ΪʲôLǣҲСս˵顣
Mͳͷ󣬶߶Lġͷû£ֻһͷ˵ʱ˿ż˵Ƚϵù
ȥ˱Ҵ߳Уһʱ仹ǻ꣬취һġ
ͷMˣһʼûκ֪ɣ
Ͳϲ󣬺Թ˵ı󣬵ʹ츳ͨŪ˸Ѱѱˡ
ҲԪˣȴûԼʦҲΪѣûLȥϢҪʼ󣬱˲Űݡ
Ҫ󻹲֪Ҫ˶
ʱʹΪʲôҪɱͷԼҲ֪ԭֻܹΪֱ
˵ʱ򣬰Ҷʶͩ
ͩ
ΪЩͩʱѹǣԲҪô⡣
ˣϢ˵ɵ֣ûȤƵʦҲشţֻɵϹŴ˵еĴڣڵϢȷ١
Ҷû𸴡
ΣյͬʱҲõֻҪлһ죬ͬʱҲΣղ棬˵ʲôʱͻΣա
νɵʲôҶԼӡ
˵ؽѣҳǹ
ǰÿηȥͼʱȻޱȣҶĺҲĺסһĵûоλãƺΪλòһɲġ
Ķƺÿζܱģǵ̵Һ˻ǰҶ̡
룬վϸͩ
˵ȥȥҶʡ
ȥȥǴϼĴ񣬲ںʱ򻹿Էءͩ˵
⵹ҲǡҶ˵ͷ
ôˡ
뿪ǲֻ࣬аҶͩкȻҪǵϡ
׼һֱû鷳СӳɽԻͷæ⣬Ҳ١Ҷ뵽˵Ļͷ
ҪߵĶܶܶ࣬мĴǣΪγ˺üԣͩ֡
ðҶȵǣ󹫼ȻҲͨˣΪ˵õŵĻᣬ͵͵˿๦


208 
һʼ˵ҪԶ̽ɵҶܽţܿͲˡ
ΪϢǶһ޶ģҴ߳жҲֻҪΪʵȥ
ҸݷƵʦż¼ɵ뺣߲Զλòȷ鷳
ôһ룬Ҷͳ׷ˡ
õĶֱɻҶȻʣǳɻĻ°ɣҶָָѾ׼ãųɷĴ
пͨĴԴ糿ı˶磬ϸϴ裬ëϴצӣһӣʱԺɷķսʿ
Ӧû⣬ֱɻԽȽһɻʱҲܽţӦ˾ͺˡ
ǵҲǡҶַˡ
춯ʸǿֻҪָӦò⡣Ƕָߵģһȫõġ
ǾϣҶһ֡
Ŷӣһµֱɻ÷ƴ˺ܾȣЩһҲ̫ˡ
Ҷͩȥֱɻɣ޴˵ߣլӡɽԽԽСԽԽС
ɻϲ˵Ϊ̫󣬰Ҷֻܲͣػͷ
ҲͬģЩܵȼܸߣëƺƯһƬƬһҪʧȥƣɻƱػҡ
һ·Ȼмͷе㽹꣬סˡ
LǾMǲԶڵ˵طҶȲ˷ɻǲ̫ӦɻоʮֹŹ֣ԺܵȼǿԷɾͺˡ
ôҶͩ
½½ֱɻɰԭ˳Ŷӣɷ
оΣһӳӳǿԳɼãǿƿǵһ켦С
Уе㳳
е
ûɶо߸LǲǸֽˮࡣ
ӳ⡣Ĵ񶼻ãͷ̫һ
ӳϵؿȥô£
󱲡̧ðһССԴʮֺĿ棬ȻоԼˣæӣȥ
ӳʶˣʮ߹ȥѲڴСоӵϣ
ͷСû뵽ôͱ֣ͷɥĶڵϡ
ߣӳ
ͷСиŶӳҶǰ̧ͷֻС⿴ҶЬӡ
Ƶ˿ʮ־棡
һʼǾͺܾ棬ΪԺô춯ﲻǰҶѡ˭ȥ˭ȥ֣ͩ˺üԣ
ڱ춯ﶼʼҪۿǸš
ֻС͵͵ˣȴҶĴãֱˣЩԸ˲İ
Ȼ˾˰ɡҶܣȻأ
ߴߴСиæ˵ͷ
ӳŤͷˣСиæȥΪǸͷ̫Сڸ̫Сֻܶϡ
߶ѾźˡͨĵطϣǲҪʱ߹ЦǺǵǱг
MǸLǲ࣬ȫǸֽˮУûɫֲҲûеĵ·ˮࡣ
һطͦ󣬿ߣ˵ǵ¥ܿ󺣡
ΰҶǷƵѣǴLǡǷ˽˵ģĶõĺܲҶ⡣
ֳ˲㣬ټϰҶ߲˺ʳԵرˡ
˲ˣƵοĳжû뵽MҲˡ
ôֻĩǰر࣬رùĳвݣɥʬãͬҲ棬ֻҴ߳нѡ
κɵϢеĳжв˾ۼ
MǹģȻСǸLǿĽܶҴ߳еĶ鶼ѡLǣȻMǡ
⼸ҶҲˣ˫ûô˵
ʲôʱҶʡ
죡ӽ쿪ʼ ϵƽһЩҲ׼ˡƽ͵ҪעΣգܴˮ
֪Ҷͷ
⼸ͩȥ߿лбˮҲбðˮеıǿΣա
һ׼Ҷȥʰһ󲿷ִĶڱܴߵʵ࣬Ҳÿһѡ
׼Ҳˡͩ˳LһȺˣ׼кü˶ڡ
˭Ҷ뵽Ҷۣ̲סüüͷ
ҶۺͰҶơͩ˷ܵô죿ҪҪϹȥ
ãʱ˵Ҷֹˡ
ڶһ磬ƵĴڸۿڣҲ½½֣ӦĳһȺһȺˡ
ҶۺͰҶƸLǵһɽԻͷɽԼûҶʱ֪ԭLǾȻдǰLȴûֹ⡣
Щܶ඼Mǵġƽ͵
ŶҶˡ
ЩҲװЩװ࣬Ѷȸ󣬻ýϡ
LߵҲ˰ҶСǲǰҶLǵĶȥMǱ߸ʲô
˭֪ǺҲMǵĶ顣MǵĶǱߣ١
ǷƺͰҶҪʲôǼ˻ȥɽ
ʱϣҲֻзƴżĸҶͩϡѣ˶ǹŹֵؿвˡ
ǵһɵϢԱȽȷеس֣ܶ˶϶˵еؾز࣬Ļ
Ҵ߳Ȼֲ̫٣ҶһЩȼߵ˵ѾûжôҪ߲̽εĴڡ
ɵǲǴڣǻᣬֻҪҵõԵһ졣
˶뷨Ҳ˿˾ߣһɵĻԵޣʱǿ߲ܵõأ
Ҷ̫٣ܿͱųΪûв
ܿ죬ԶһǷƵ˽ҳǺܴ󣬾Ҳ˶١
Ŵ򿪣˾ʮֹߵš
׼õĶӳŵԱߵȺĴ½½صŶӡ
Щë·ŸֲͬĹâȻһûзôͬʱ֣Ч𺳵ġ
ղŻиűԼһ˾˵սʮָ߰˵Ż˵ļһ
ҫǱ߾ͳһȺ˼һرɣ֪ŶӣǰҲӡ
ȥЩ춯ȼͰɣôһӳôࡣ
⵽˭ôֱʣĸеıҲǿˣǲܺӵľְ
LߵɫúѿǰҶơ
磬Ҳ̫޳ˣסҶƵôԼţھȻ
԰ꡣҶ۱ĿûпǱߣӦ躹ޣȥĹâ
ǽҶۣҲòϣİҶѾɳΪһĴڡ


209 
ܰҶ۱Լ̬ȣL˻б뷨
ҪܸҶͺˡ
Ϲˣܡ
Ҳѡ
LСֹǵȻ֪ΰҶһ𡣲ˣLǵľӺ͹ٸû˵ɵĻԵȻҪػLǣͬҪ
׼ˡ߹
ҲˣͷСһ
ʮֵڼװϿ棬żбˮðǻɲ˶߾ͻᱻ׽
׼ˡҶͷ
ָӣѸٳ
һҴˣĴҲˡҶصػͷLǵĴ󴬣ַԼ߲һҶۺͰҶһֱߣֻ̫Զϵı顣
ϵķ粻رֻǲʲôطбðˮҲֱӺȣֱӳһ
Ҷŵ㣬͸ȥ͸ҧˣûá
ǷǱߵа취ʩչˮϵܣںŪһССУȻ㹳ӵ棬ܵ㡣
ҶҲоȴôҲо͸ԭֻ˵дŰѱŪˣ
ҶƬɡҶ룬ȥһöҶƬ
̵ҶƬ·ɢޱŨɫ󣬶ȱʳĺУֱһĴڡܿб㱻ҶƬХŷɹȥ˲㡣
һ̣͵ˡ
ãҶ£ʼͣץ㡣
ҾڴϳԼ򵥵ķˣǱҲлϵߣҶͩлϵܵĴȫõķ⡣
󴬲˰죬ͳ׿Ĵˡ
żܿƯľ޴ʬ壬żҲܿѾСҶŵȥ˿ûκصĵط˵ɵˣֲ
еֲΪһ㶼ˮϵйءƽ͵ұ½ϵֲЧǿһ㣬ֻҪҵֲһ㹻ǿߣ
ҲϢҶͷ
ܶغҴ߳жƵĸ֣LҲСǾеĵͣԭƽͨΪܳΪ֣ӵкĴ
ǲ˵ʲôƹЦڲ֪жĽLǣҲвʣܲܡ
󽲾ʱ˺ͣԺлĻMǻҲСҶζ
㼪ԡĸˣ˵ǰ飬뺣еԶˣǰһξ͹ߡ
Ҷͷ
γȻû˹ܣĬϺߵҴ߳пѲԼغΧͨ߳ȥģҲĬϣᷢҡ
ҺΣգϤĵطҲû˸ȥ
ڶȥֹȥü죬ڴ٣ʡʳʲôĶá;ĴΪ̫࣬ԵòˣòȥMǲȻٴγ
βܽΣMǶ׬㹻ľˣ˵׬⡣
ܷɵǿ϶ٺò
ˣҪסҶͷաƬɫһӽĵطѾ΢紫
Ȼûãһ޴
վ飬ʱһûģĩɲȷ˵͵뵽ʲô
Ҷọָֹ́ͣתȻƲ·
ȥ￴Ҷ
ûԥָ˿
γ׼ķǳ֣ǴϣҲСҶߣλȥҲ˵ѣοҶЩ񶼻ɡ
ԶԶĵطҶƷԶŹ֣Ҫȥ𣿡
LǵĴպûȥ쳣صΧۣȻҶҪȥ
Ҷ˼ȥҲȥ
磡ҶҲɵȻ뵽ʲô
ɵ˵翣Ȼƽ˾ʱûг֣ôʱ᲻֣
ֹܲҶһ뵽ֻֻһ˹϶ѡ
þδʧԽԽҶе̸ӼᶨָǰֻѾðΪԽǿ磬ֺëΣոоԽ
ǰ·ûˡ
ҶһҧеҶƬȴȥ̽պһҶƬ˲飬Ĵϵ˶Ųѣڶˡ
ǰ棡ҶȻ۾һ˺ܹĴڡ
󴬼ǰȴûг緶Χľ޴Ҳû˵˹ȥȷе˵Ǵ󴬽һռ䣬ԶԶؿȥͺǴ󴬻ʧʱ
Ҷһ˷ܣȻǵѡǶԵģ
ҶֻǰȻһڣٿѾԭĺϣǻһط
ˮγޱȣƽ˾ܿˮ̵ˮ塣
ǰһƵСۼ·ɾһ
˶ǵһ˵ʵڵģͩȫΰҶŴȥҲգۡǷƴȻûֳʲôǵ󴬳ʱ򣬻Ƕرڵġ
ֻЩڵٿǰľʱȫɢ
ɵ˾
ȲҪ´ŪûΣ˵ƺܿ侲۾ȴŹ⣬ŤͷŰҶʣ㿴Σ
ǰָӵȨ˹ҶҲûоܾ
ϵͼŻȻǰСֻûΣգҶ
Ҳ֪ûΣգȻɵԵҲգΣҲգǵԵҶҵĽǼж˽һ˵
ãƵͷܿ찲ȥ
ȷûгԵģҪ㹻ˮͳԵģȻ½´ȷ̲ûΣ֮ټϡ
Ҳ׷ͬһСС
ߣҶọ́ǰ档
̵˱仯ָܹϸ΢ķ򡣲ָɵλãҶʱѡɵҲû
ֲȻ˾
ǰ沦ֲͨȻһСƬֲǸ˵žҪժ
ʵֲ̫ˣһǿͷܳɾһ֣һƬֲƷ͡
ȵȣҶδ䣬ǸѾֲõ֡
˷ֻܵҪõֲˣиܱܵҴˣϧûоܣҪֲ
Ҷֿ̾ʼ仯
˵˲ʧҪԭĵϻһӡͷ·˸ûֹƵġ
ô£˸ҪֲժֲĶһ㶣֣Ҷˡ
Ҷ˼ȷɵûˣȻɵȻΪΪҲӦǱͳȥǴ˵еĴ󣿡
Ϊʲô֪ʶʡ
˵ͱˣڳ˶ʶҶȻҵɵλãҸսûþҵôֲȻ˶̫һ
˵ΪҶҵɵҵֲ˶ѾȻŰҶˡ


210 
Ҫ԰ɣи˿ڣɫǺ죬е㲻˼иãСಡܾܣʾͻǿܻܶ࣬һ㡭
㶯ְɡƵͷ
Ǹ˸мؿ˷һۣǷƵĸæģֻھҪ뿪ʲôû
ǰһСƬֲкܶ࣬ĿһһҲܿͬģҲ֪ʲôֲ˾ʲôܡ
Сѡһϸزժˣûü˵ʧˡ
Ȼˡ˶ȷˡ
ٿǰʲôɡҶҸңҪߡ
һξ룬ҶȻӦϵ̫Ծûжֻżʮ΢ķ
Ҳˣ
ǰߣַһСƬֲ
ܵĺöĿǰҲֻ걻ֶѡƵȻˣǵĻԵǿѡҪҪ߸ȥ濴ǲǻкö
ܼ򵥣κ˶⡣
ֻǰҶû뵽ǣƵ¶ûзӦȻȥ濴ʲôöŵĴȴкüͷˣǰһֲѸʧ
ҵüֲֻǴҶʶ;ƷֱųȥˣȻҪȥ֮о
ҶֵµĴҲ˲ֲȥڵֻʣ°ҶͩϺͷƣԼ
ǰǸïܵС֣ȻߵﶼûΣգǽٽ߹ȥ
ǰȻʣȻһСƬƽĲݵأ뻹иСݣ֮ûбˡ
ҶкȻʮֹŹֵĸоɵָģȴδɵȻͨһЩֲپһСݣ
ȥϣҶ
ȻˣһֱΧۣŪһЩ顣
˶ûǺСģ²֪ʲôطʲôʱͻðΣգֱߵҲûбķ֡
гĴܿһȾ
ƺȻһͬʱˡ
Ҷͩȴòһ˲˶˽ȥҶȷ⵽ǲǲ棡
ããһƬȴһнɫķ֣һ
ǡ
ҶֻôһƬհף۾ԶЩ飬ҽ龹Ȼйأ˵Ǹйأ
ô꣬ǾܶϡŹֵ飬ĩһϡŹֵ黹
һֱǸͨˣͨҽԺֻ貢ϲϲ㣬Ϊ̸׸ˡ
ѪԵϣһֱǰ׼ҵˣֻȫǶѡ
ȻʵϣҶʹǰ׼ˣ
ǧǰһ
ͩľǧ겻ȴϢԡͩľȼմͬڻ
֪ȥ꣬ͩľڻΣȴѾǧ򻯣ϡȱʧɱԽԽȴûߡ
ֱػңħͩľĻᣬͷһ
ѹְҶ˹Ź֣ҶǶһֻ֣ݽߣҪעܡ
ѹͩôȴǲ֪ǰȻ쳣
ɽϵֲﳤô죬ֲرӣһж˽͡
Լܻ̫Ź֣ԸɥʬҲͰˣѰ㣬ǶԸ˵ʱֱҪ˱̫࣬ͶûС
⴦ɵǶǰǰһС磬ܵͩľͷĶݣԲصڵϣԺлؼա
˵˼ɵʵǸҶ׼š
һ֣ҶǰһسڲУͬʱôһöûӣȴƵϡ
ʲôûŶͩѾתһȦ
ûʲôöڵϡҶһ̸Ӧƺϻ档
ӲݳҶϣѾԼ²⵽˵
ϼ̣ͶԼҲϲͨˣܸԼ̡ҶŪʲôˡ
ڳˣƵǵҸոտһ۲棬Ȼ޴Ŀ־˳پͲܿˡ
ûˡҶûнͺܶ࣬ЦûбĶֲֻһֻܲһꡣ
ҲµˡƿЦ
Ӳݳһ˲ûаԭ·ء
֮󣬰Ҷ㲻Ҳ֪ʲôطֲ˵ʼָ򣬲ΪչѪѣָĻԼ
˷ֱԼźʵֱֲӴͳȥڴϣֻʱѾ硣
ڻһҴ󴬣ҶۺͰҶͬʱڴϣ϶вһ
ǻȥɡҶ
ȻûʣѾµʲôʣԺ𣿡
ܣҶ϶ûô򵥣ôӳ顣
ɵ˵Ҷģ˵磬ġҶã϶ĵطҲƵķֻ֣Ϣ᲻ᴫͲ֪ˡ
ɵϢȻܴķз浽û˲ж˲Ͳ֪ˡ
ڰҶĴ棬ҶƵֻõһֲϧˡ
ÿֻõһꡣҶ۵ϧΰ׼ҵ̫١
L˱Ƚ϶࣬ǳȣ˾͹ٸûߣͶˣֻȽϵùδǰ´ˡ
˵ϵˣõֲ컯
Ҵˣ˶ûõᣬǿطѾƽ˾ûκκۼ֪Ϣ˶ģȥ˺ܳʱ䶼ûжɢˡ
LǵˣзƵ£ȫ۱Ϊܹע
ҶMס˼죬Ʊֻ֤ҪɵϢһֱֱ֪ͨɻ
뿪ʱ䲻ãҲǳԺţҶͦҵġ
ֻҪĺúõģҶԶׯڶر죬ζرãׯȫһ
õ֮󣬰Ҷ·ˣΪɽŨׯڲֻǵΪ˻ȥ죬ζŻôáĵطϡֲ죬бɥʬΣֲ̫࣬ﲻòѸ٣ʵӲζûôҪˡ
ҺҪ׳ˡҹȰҶæȻ
ҲܹССһֻаƴһıȻţݡġ
ƨҲ˰ɣҶ
ҹæͷ
ǵǰ׼ˡҶæšƨֳɲ˵ڱǿɥʬ߼ɥʬҲԴʧ˳ƨֻãҪɥʬ˳ƨֱӽǿɲˡ
Ѿֳ˳ֲɥʬǿܣЩ΢ǣ˵
ҶȺϢЩæܳԹסͬʱԤƨջ֮׼Ӵһͨ˿ˣȻɽϸ͡


211 
ɽϻĴ񣬻ٶб仯Ϊȫ˵ϵֲ
Щ춯֪ЩֲܳԣЩֲܳԣ˶ԼûкôȵȣЩһɵԼѡֲ϶Լˣ仯ۿɼ
еëӻеܵȼߣеıø
ЩһԺԶԶȥһȺʰ쵵Ĵ˵еķˡ
ͩʲôģˣҶûˣ϶رƯ֡
ԴӰҶͩһֱ˵ģ
˵ģҲܺÿͩ˵ʱֲʳ˼̻𣬷··ĴֻҪͩһ˵һLǷԣһͨˣ˳úÿһ㣬Lûʲô
ͩŸף¿УװӵͰ˲֣˵ҳű䲻ȥ
Ϊʱĺ֢𣿡Ҷü
ȻдĲôϸҶܿСʱ򲢲ܣͩʩչԡͨԼ˵ãƫƫΪ˰Ҷ
ܰɣҸоûɶӰ졣ͩ˵ء
Ҷû˵ʲôȴ¡
ԼΪʲôɽϵļôױ죬ұ֮ԽԽ񼦣ԽԽڳöƵġ
ⶼΪͩ
Ǽûܳŵļһﶼ̫ءͩȻ˵
ԺлᡣҶҲ£̲סЦ
δ󹫼Ҳųţõһֲ֮ëһҲøǿһһɽϷһȦ
ʱе谵󹫼ȥһһŻ棬ö˿֮󶼺𺳡
ҫò񫣬ܻؼҫصҫǼĻȸӣ׺꣬ſڵûŹ
ȸóľѰҸֲδҳŲûѰֲҲѴ֮
ûȸǣμ˺üοԶû
ƽʱѧ˯Ĵ󹫼ʼͨˣȻûͨ
ӵӺСǳԸӰţȻûܸųҲеźǺ׾ͽʵǰ׺갵ߥ޺üαӣԼһӿȥɽ棬Ӹܾˡ
飬飬ǲ߳ɼģҪѧţ׺ĸὨ顣
ӦӲӺСһرǫ飬˵ֻҪǶԵģա
εʱҵʲôģֻҪԼ˾ͲдˣǰǶֻܽҪѧᣬһ㲻ǿдҵ׺ҾģÿɣҪдʲôҵ
Ҳ緢ְ׺겻ôдҵˣ̾ԭˣôûȥμϴεĿأ
˵׺ɫʱˡ
Ϊûȥ׺µȥˣǰûͬ⣬˵һҵһӣûʸμӿԣЩҶˣаǰé
Ŷӵͷĥҵ
ֺֻĴȻԼˣ׺겻ˣչȥ㵽ûҽˣѧͶˡǽȥôҶɽϺ˽⣬֪ʲôط棬֪ץ
ȥҪѧϰӲΪ
ôôԽһ㶼֪ͨ׺ΣԼȥûǸء
׺ȻΪûаͰѧϰɼȻıӸˣͼǿűҵ
ˣ˵ǱҪˣǶлȥιۣ׺껹ǲʼįǰǵģְ಻סܻ
ȴǻȸ԰Ҫ׳죬гƨҲҪ죬Ǳæ
ǰǿʼæȸͱӶŽš
ҶҲǰСӳƣǶ˹θǰһҴ߳еĸҲгֱɻ
¸ɵйءе߻ûĿǰСӳƺɽԻͷֵεˣҶżɽɵȻѾ֣ǲһֱŲȥ
зҵɵСӳʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ҵ뷨ɵκθˣҲĸҴ߳УȫģֻԴһ
ҵɵڣȻ԰ɵռݳΪԼģһ֣MǺLǣ߶ɸ֣пԶҴ߳أ
ҲֻɵһؾҶҪռΪУ»Ϊʸ֮ģͲֻRһôˡ
οֻҪȷУʲôطģʲôģȻȻҶϵǿɲĵطͶˡ
СӳȻҲ뵽㣬ͬص˵ͷ
ҲáɽԻͷͬˡ
ǾôˡҶ˿Ҵ߳еɽϣǰæ⣬һĿģ壡
ʲôҪǰæģ˵Сӳظ
ҶһЦȻҲˡ
Ѹж
ɽϳ˴ﻹм˼ס⣬լӻˡҲû취£һʼҼһʳܹȥӣǴˮܲ㣬ıԽԽǿɽʵǲ㣬ֻܰȥ
ͨ˵ǳﰲȫһЩ
ûס˵լӶ´ɨһΪҪӴȫߣԲûиطˮ£򾻹ǻ֣ļҾ߶ó
СӳѡģÿܵȼߣԸ䣬һɫĳȴ˧ǰɽϰæǱҲʾֱӴMѡͬ߱׼æ
ɽԻͷͬˣѡͽܶرõó֡
ɵϢסҶҲûпţܿͳ״
ϵ˵õϢɢˣЩġ
˵ɵûΣգֻҪǽȥ˶õһֲ˵ûеģмΪĴڡ
ϧǷ֣ڵҴ߳УһԾһ޴̨ס
ǼأδһڿɥʬΧǡܽɵʤİջܴһ㡣
ôѵǶûеõϢLǱߴϢ˵ɵٴοţÿҴ߳жȥL˵ֱȥҶסɽϣ
⻰ţһLֻҪһأ֮ǰı¼ӻôྦྷ󣬽Ǳ߸Ϣɱ˱󣬻û⳥˳øL㣡
ŲţԸţôõĻᣬֻҪģǾõ컯
ԸLǵ˻ռ󲿷֣˵ɵǳųƨֺʹ̶Ҳв٣вĽιġ
һʱ䣬Ҵ߳е쵼㶼ʼᣬѡߣɻǰLǣɽϡ
ҶҲڶ׼ã͵ˣΪҲ쿪ᣬҲյһ𿪻ᡣ


212 
ȥɽ֮ǰҴ߳еLǡ
ЩߴģǶģҲһرǿҵ뷨ʵһ⣬ܸԼĳжӡ
磬֪ѡģÿ޾
ǵɫҲܲÿΪҲ룬ʵN̫С߸٣±Уܳ˺ѡ
ѡҲѡһװˣ˧磬ӢˬĴŮ
ʵN̫رˣɽҴȫӲߣ෴ûжϵӲҪ˵ĻģȽϿɰ
Щһ͸е˲̫һˡҲô˵ĩǰǾţֻĩԭĹԹ˲Ͼֱӽ⣬һһ߶ԿɥʬԸܱ߾Сǡ
ǶĹϹȴһһʼӾͲάУĿǰŹҴ߳࣬Ҵ࣬࣬ͬʱֲҲĹҡ
Nǵʱʱгϣֱ˳Ź
LڲᣬҲûNǣҲǱȥϢ
޾ܴ֮ΪŹѧѧϰҲõó֡
ֻNǻˣLǣ˲ûκιâ
еҴ߳ȣҪ¸ֶԿɥʬЩȴûѹγĴǳеĿӣģãĺãӸߣ̸ţԸһرѧʣֱеС
еҴ߳гĿǸŮĻر˵ܵɥʬ·磬һLǾյĿ˼ҳ費ʮֵ
ٿNߣһߵĲһ壬ܵȼҲߣģʵͦÿģǸ˧մߣһк
֪ǻ᲻档޾ſ˺ܾã־㳤òǺܺÿˣ˼Ҳرѧʣдëֵġ
˵ǿë־ܣսʱһëʣնɱ˲ɥʬСĳƺ
иĳ಻ã˼Ҵ٣ģ˿鸹ߣıر˰˶пˮ˵Ѿյڨˡ
Ҫ߰ɡȻNǹ˳ˣûʽǲǡ룬òľ
NǣNǵĴǰȻŴȺ
ˣǸæӦΪΧѾ˷ǣѾ
ӭNǴŴȵ˺ȻʼƣNǵͬһҿɶҪסᣡNǵĴ˵䣡
Ժһ̨ӣͿȫЦţһ߹һ߿Լļһ
˵ʲôˣֻǵ˵ĿİͰ͵ģ̨ϻкüͷ
ϣǺ޾LǷķϢš
ǡ֮òȥûôʣʵL̫ÿˣʱòĩǰСǡ
һʼֻ֡ǻҳ֮󣬾Ͳˣ졣
ڶһ磬ҲûܾŴһȥϣȴȥɽϡ
ȵٴαĳ˷ܵǶԳɽѾ˽ˣ㲻˽⣬϶ҲֻϣҪǿǣɽ֮һйȫɽϵĹǧǧҪƻأ
ǰһƻصѾ˺Ƕã
֪ģ̡飬ڻüһĪ
ˣҾ˵ô࣬ĴҲýţֻҪ㹻ľˣɽϵζͿԳԸ
Ǻܺ棬ȵ˺Ҫһ·һ𣬡˭
ĳݣģƢܺãҲײ˿֪ܲLǹٸһ飬˶ˣһδѪ
ʲô£ǾԼô˵̫׵æ˵˽𣿡
ȻܣҲʲôܡйأ޸£ǰߵý˶ܲңӣ˵˺Lǻ첻ȥĳˡҲ˵ǶΪ˰Ҷ³
֪ɣܶ˶˵ҶǴߣǧҪϣùĿ϶ԼR֪𣿾ǲ֪ôĸҶԭĩһ֮ǣڹŸƵġ
Ǹ˿Ǹ죬˵һ·˽˺ܶࡣ
ǾȵɽϣһعأԲ¡
ûɽϣֻ˰ɽǰ˺Ȼͣˡ
ΪɽһȺʻĴЩһһëƶʮ־»۸ر߹ޣƯеҫۡ
Ƿֱ·ߣβڶž񻰴˵еƵġ
սʿСֱ·ߡ
ǰȵСʣǿ𣿡
һսʿ˵ͷżǰߡ
ǺؿЩ񣬵ЩǱ춯ΪʲôôƯûˡ
ûСǱֻҪͻᱻ𡣡˵
Եظп
ɽҰǩѡԼסķӣҲԸϤ˽ɽϵ˲ܵˡ
ӱȽϾɣб򾣬㲻رȫɽûɥʬ;йԵı춯Ҳ֪ΪʲôֻԼɲ٣ܵȼ·΢ߵơ
ɽϹȻ鴫˵аҶԲõ󷨣
ǵȻ󷨿RźɽɳĴ󻤷ȫӦΪǲûп
ɽϿƯ
ǿĴ߶̫ͨûʲôÿģҲûгʳȤĻӣĶʳһЩӹʳƷ
ĩǰʳѾټУǮҲǺܸߡ
ȫһĩǰʳǮˣߺ棬ˡ
Сڹ̨棬ЩʳеѾȥڣȻûʣζվȲʵģҪϲҪϵģѡƷ
ƷǵһֻɽϵӲˣ
֪ѾжûԹЩζıɺͷˣȻѹɵȵȣǮرˡ
ûżһ׼ȿϵĶ˵
ʵģջģЩһƤʮִһ飬ζסӡཷһƻ
ͷǰŹͷ֡
NǵҪԱ춯ΪΪʺֲׯڣǱׯ֣ζʵԹάֻгԲ˲Żѡ
ǲƿĹͷһ֭Ө͸ȥĩǰˮͷûʲô
ҧҧһͷõһڷΪƷ
ȥ֮ǽܵ޾׼һԹͷ
磬ǸҴûжأǲǶ˼޾ɻ


213 
Ϲ˵ˡô˵ţȴšദĳеŹ֡
Ҳûʲôá޾׼ˡ
ͷ򿪣ζɢֵ̲סʿˮһۣȷˣԲЩͨıˮĹͷ
һʲͷ⡢⣬ڼɿڣ֭Ҳ˿˿ǳ塣
ֵû˵һһڵİѹͷˣ֭ûʣ¡
ͷƿˮϴˮҲˣŰݡ
޾ûôԱĶӵ磬ͷҲ̫óˣȷ½ǰģǰʳƷӵķ࣬кüء
ȷǰ˵һ顣
ӺעرڣרҵرעʳƷȫĩǰʳһЩ΢ϸĶֱ٣϶ĩǰĹͷ
˹԰˿ĭŵлȥӿͷŴȥNԿɥʬֵǽ
޾ҲӦˣһʼ˼άԡ
NûйͷϡˣżܴӱҴ߳õһмӹʳƷҲǱֲӪֵУζͱˡ
ȻԵζôõĹͷ޾ʶľܲеĶ
ɽϺܲһ԰޾Χ۹
ЩòҲûйԣǸĩǰҲ̫һҶӺ͹ӸƯڳ˹ͷ޾ζҲá
ЩˮɵĹͷ޾š
ֻһ㲻ף磬ΪʲôɽϵĶͲһأ
ҾͲ֪ˣıֲҲǲһģͬطıֲζ͵ȼͬɽϵĵط⣬߲˵ʲôˮءȻǰѧǶڶĴͳĻ̫˽⡣
Ǿˡ޾ƶǶص˵ͷ
ֵһ漯ϵĶæ
ԭ񿪻ĴӣһرԺӣеҴǴ´ࡣ޾ǰָʾԺԶԶؾͿʼк
뵽ܵ޾˵ĻеŹ֣ҪܾģNǵ߶ҲǱߣֻӲͷƤȥ
ǰи̨ӺͼӣһЩսʿæ
Сһһƶţ˿кܶ˺档
浽ʲô
˵ܳסĻô˳ԵĿɵвٰ֪ɽܹܲܵ𡣡
ҿǺ˳ɻҪ֯ǽɽԣѰҿԳԵıֲɡ
⻰˵в߶ʾͬǵɽϣֻȥһˣԶþ򣬴סˣʲôûС
ɽֲﷱïԶܿʳõıֲżܿһı춯ĦȭƣֻҪɽϵͬ⣬̾ͳȥԡ
ֻʱԵٶ϶͹Լˡ
˵æܷɽϵҲ̫ˡ
˲ֱҶֲ֣̫û˸ֱװȥСɧǿԵģҶҲ⡣
ǰƯĴŵĲƺ֮ǰĻͬһĲȡ
ӵһͷ˾Ѿٺ٣Ҹ󣬽ɽֱһȺָӣ˼Լͺؼɡ
Ĳʵ̫󣬵û˸ҷɧˡ
磬Щ춯Ư˵еķˡ޾֪ʲôʱӵһͷ
ɽôѵ˲𣿡Ҳܺ档
ˣ͵Ҷܾǰ˵ǼҵıﲻõĻ֪ͣˣ֪ͷֱǶʡ槼壬
޾æóֻȻкܶϢԲ鿴
ͷԸ죬Ǵδ˺࣬ɱɥʬ޾еۺ죬ȴûм
ǰ棬Ҷͩ·ҲСŸײİ칫ҾӢͻȻ¹ظɻƵģڳȴû֡
ȣȻҶˣҾͼ˵䡣Ҷӹȵܿ͵緹ʱ䣬ֳѾ̫üǾͳԸ򵥵ġ
ǻŰҶ˵أӹͿҶʼæˡ
߿Nǵ߸һλӰҶǺżģҲˣ̲סǰˡ
ӹǰ˸סƵģżȻǾ֪ˡ
˵˺٣ͣſˮ۾ֱؿǰ棬˫ȭ˶˷ֽš
Ҳˣˡ
ӣ˸Ӻˡ
ʱǰƮһζζⱲӶǣ˵ͺһת۵ƵģǰȫǻҰͿɬԺȴۡ
ҲҪżճкȡÿֻҶǰе̲סˣæ˵
ǰ֧ڴһһ
װĲǱģͷݵ֡
ͷõȫۣ滹棬жɳ㶹Ŵֱ֣бǡ
֮һʼװ￴ΪЩͷǷ䶳ģóӲƵģȻûζ
һǹζƮɢŵ̲֮סˡ
һ˿ҪʲôݵĿԼѡ񡣡Ҷһ˵һ΢΢̾˿
ԭСӳţҪɽϳӣѡæģãİܵȼҲߣȥرӣԼҵĴģضӣǳӡ
ǹڳԵ棬ҶŪһЩζĴˣǰСӳʱһһӲˣܱ
˶࣬ŪˮϯԵֱ뿪˹ԡ
ܿҶͷ֣̫ˣɲǼ򵥵Ļô򵥣ҪҳԱģֳ˿϶֡ʳĶʱȴȲ
ֻܰͷóô˷ȥ
̶ɡҶ
򵥡СӳҲͬ⡣
֧ܿ˴̶ˮͱǿʼơ
ԳΪλɳһɽṩĴȥͷǺ޾ΪӰһ
򿪣ðͷ̲סӡ
Ҫɶڶģͩ棬ЦݲõмˣĸҴ߳У
Ǹæ͸ͷĿ˵ȥȻ޾̧һͷ
Ժ߶鶼Ѿʼˣв˶̲סֱͷͿʼС
ӣñֵôȻͲͣʿˮˣ޾ȴûô˼ɣֱ˸ͷͿʼС
һھҧˡ޾ϲɳڵģζһһ㶼壬ҳԹõͷ
˵ţԱһеĳͷȥˡ
޾ϳһʼɽϲܷ׼ԵǸˡ
㲻ܴܲˣ޾ˣֱӿˡ


214 
ԣɶԣԣǰŴԵ˷·ԼҪ˵Ļҧͷˣӻܸˡ
١޾ٺЦͷóԡ
ȼߵı춯ûôץȼ͵ζãǴҶûеζϣҲûйֻĨοųԣζҲӶѡ
ЩֲĹʵܳԣǲܵԣЩׯڵζ
˵С󣬲ǳߣ÷ǳ죬ҶҪ󲻴󣬻ҰҵСֱӳԣûĥ飬ټӹͷȵȡNҲһЩζĸоһģһӪ
ɽϢˣʱԺͲժɽıֲʵǴ԰ҪˣοܻɥʬҪæ
ҾͲ¿϶޾Ľ
һͷûԣصǱҪһĤšȣͷܷһʱ䣬ҲˣеĻ׼ȥ˳
˵ɽϵĶζãڳԵĻԸʡǺȻ
ɽгƨֺʹ̶ɣׯζôãбҲ޾ϡ棬棬Nߺ񶼲ڣƨϢ𣿡
ֻҪǰæǰͷһƨֺʹ̶ɡǵʱҪû͵ˣģҪУûгƨֺʹ̶ɣᱻɵ顭Ǳ˵Ժ˵ᱣ֤ÿҴ߳ж
Ҳ׽ܣ޾˵ͷ
ȥɵ϶ҪأڰҶСӳԼɽԻͷ˵пɲķΧ϶LǣɽϵˣǶ˵ֺγǿԲ
ɽϵһͳ˴ͷڶԵ׷˺üִ Եĺö߶ˡ
һû߻˵ʲôɽϲõĻû͵ˣģ׼ҳչ֣㲻ܳûҶΪѣҲøӡ
ⷿĶ˺ܶࡣҹŰҶȻ
ݣҲܹŸССװҵǦͷддġ
СһҲʼѧϰĻ֪ʶˣÿ춼дҵʱҲˡҲãı߷֣ʱ򲻺ý͡
û£ֻҪɽϻܼʳǾͲõʲôҶҾ죬Ҳ׼
ݣرصͷ
һǰҶԵʱһǺܴڼֱǰСӰˡ
԰ԭܴ󣬴Ĺֵ࣬رɢڵͼռһĵطǵأա
ҶԵժӳԣͷٿϵӣһƬһƬģԶժƵġ
λһ״ģһŵＸûбðҶпվͻ˯ɶġ
ÿ춼ڹ԰濴Ǻ޾Ҳˡ
ϣ찡ɽϳ˼췹оܺһ㡣
ȻҲô룬ǱɽϵķҸҪƨ֡弶ƿܾˣ͵ųƨͻƣ
ֵܣ£ʱǸƨܲøңǮ

磬Ҫõƨ֣Լ˻Ǵȥ޾ʡ
ԼԣҵĴȥǵǶףǵк֣ܶҪΪسǣҲĻᡭ
޾˵ˣ֪ǿ϶ãȷġ
Ҵ߳е߶˸߲ңͿʼƻõƨָˡN߲һȻˣǸNǵ
죬ʼеһɥʬðΧıðĸƵ
Ҫʼˣȸе㼤еš
ڿԳȥչˣ׺ҲĦȭƵģ챻ȦںԺȥˣ׺Ҫﻵˡ
С۾Ҳһ˿ǹԹԵдҵ
ι˵ӣ㻹дʲôҵ׼óȥɻ׺꿴ӻʵдҵʱЩɸֵ
ҵǰǷԸʵʵ˵
͵ŰɣҪȥǰæ׺겻ӣһ̳ȥǰԺ
ǰɽʱҪע򾣬вһɥʬ׺͵жԶܶԶԼͻʱرɽ뵽ȫĵطڵլȷʵȫˣɰ׺ȥ
ܿ죬׺ʹͷɥػˡ
զ£ȸʡ
ǰóţ˵ʱⶼʲôʱˡҳȥߣһȥأ׺귢˵СƢ
ԺðıҲʼ࣬ѾȥΧɽʼɱǵɥʬ
Щɥʬ֪Ǵʲôطð԰ԽԽ࣬ɥʬȼҲԽԽߣγСɥʬΰæҲ࣬Ӧ
ҳʱ ɥʬʼҲˡ
һϸֱӺһţ˵ƣѸʧ֪ҪǳһʲôЧ
ղܣ޲ȥеӶժԼԲС
⻹ļɥʬ𣿸弶ҲʲôˡǶ㿪һɲ
ζǶҪܲˣοɥʬ޾ܹߵıȫɣϣļɥʬɱ
ţֵûüɥʬ
Ǳأܵܣ֧һȥа֡ɥʬֻƾɱ
ҪǱı춯ʲôģƴܵҲɱɥʬܵľˣԳʵѹðա
磬һ˲С޾ü
Ҳ뿪طκɥʬܹȥô죬ƨ㻹벻ҪˣǴһҪҳ£ǵðҵĳƨִȥNҪҪ֣
磡Ҫ޾еˣҵȻ֪ҪҪ磬ȥ˰æұһ㣬ܳס
Ȼ޾ԼǸȫһ㡣
ʱһͷɥʬ֣ͬɥʬ
ֵͬʱܵĻüҶ߶ԿɥʬҪˣΧܶˡ
طͬʼָ߼ɥʬЩɥʬƽʱɭɶɲɾʱȴˡ
ƴˣ޾һҪȥƴԼ˵Ļᣬлɱɥʬ
𣡡޾ͼŭһƴǰܡ
޾Ҫȥסɥʬʱ򣬺Ȼһ΢ιȥ޾ͬʱһ㶣Ϳͷɥʬͬʱأˡ
ʱǲſɥʬԴѾ֪ʲôпƽޱȡ
мɥʬҡҡλ˹Ǻ޾ʲôֻܳȥԸɥʬ
һĻطз
ֻжɽϤսʿǣǿ壬Ҳ֪ЩڵʲôΪǲֹһκûĬȴҲϤޱȡ


215 
չ򣬷ɽֻ֣ҪɥʬһغϾܽ
Ǻ޾ģһͬʱԸɥʬ֮ͻˣͻɥʬȫת
Ȼʱͬʱͷ˲ɥʬϢطߣԸԶɥʬ
ǵõ绢ûκΪɥʬˣΨһһ˵ĻΪԼ̫NɪԼŪԼ
ȫûȵôգоա
ǰȻֻҪɥʬͻΣգܻţ˭Ըȥأ
ͬʱĴʵҲ˵£ֻͩ˶ѡ
ȸ˷ܣһֱѧϰĻ֪ʶÿ첻дҵǿԣڻûҵҪγ񣬸û
һȸҲģͷҲ󣬶ûлģضӡ
λȸҲæȻܵȼرߣҲֻǻϵܣҲɱ˺üͷɥʬ˺üˡ
ҲϳȸԼµܸRйأû˵ʲô
Ҫǻȸ϶ѡɽϣʵ̫ˣгԵġкȵģʵ̫ɽϵĶóԣֻҪɵӶôѡ
ȸһʼҲôģΪԼɽϾܺӣȻʵȻԵúúȵĺãгƨֳԣҪѧϰĻ֪ʶҪдҵҪԣֱĶܵ尾
Ҫûȸ뿪ɽϣ϶ǲԸġ
ΪȻѧϰĻ֪ʶ࣬ҪԣҪӰӵѧϰȵȣȸԸཻˣ
˵ȸǰһɥʬϲɫֲϸҺԺ߶û֡
ʱȸɹȥצڵдlvsangʬٻһͷ
ǶʶƴȻ˳żͷϸܷαװɥʬȥͽһ
׺ˣһ´ܳȻɶɥʬֻǸھˣ׺껹رˡ
иרСӣʮַڿɥʬԿǣߴɥʬۿȥѾ˹ˮϵϴɾŵϵĲ
ӵĻҲŸһûˮϵܣԱȽ鷳
ǼúøɣҪ£˾Ǯһͷɱɥʬطɣÿ׺üɫģæѡ
֪֪׺æͷھˡ
滹д½½ɳɥʬϴζ࣬ԽԽϾˡ
Ǳ߿ɱ¡
Ӧò£о˺ܾõսϵҲȽϲİɡ
˵ûãûȥ
ֻһ߻˵Żһ߿ٵطɻȥ
ô˵׺ҲӿٶȣҲȥңǹ㻹ûƮɢʵ̫ˣ֪ȥ֮ܲܳҡ
԰СӳơɽԻͷȫ£׼õıʺСҶͩҲԱ߰æժӡ
ζŨرˣҪǶҧȥ
ڹ԰˶ԼˣҶֲͳƨֵ׼ĳ˰ҶҲ˵ʲôΪջʵ̫ˡ
ܹһԽӣϾͱȽ鷳ˡ
ͷСԱߵˡ
ҲæժӡСлСк
һܹȻ׼ˡ
һţСкժٷŵʺС
еȫժʺܷ⣬ζ͸ԭؾеɥʬûµɥʬˡ
ɱɥʬһξ룬ǲŻ
ǴĴԺӣҶͰҺͳƨ֣Լ̶׼ãÿ˶һıꡣ
˽ƨֵĿǰ˽һ£˽ҲٿҶЦأֻһҪǲɽϳԳƨ֣
ܶԭõƨֵ˾ͳԵ̴ͷûȲʰҶϡ
ǰҿйسƨֵϢȫʣٶȣܣôر࣬Ҷ֪ƨǱЩֲҪõĶ
ҳƨֲһЩֲֻܳһΣƨֿԳԺܶΣĿǰϻûгԶٳƨ޵ӳ֡
Ǻ޾ҲϣȻѧѧǲϻǲ߿졣
òҵϢǺ޾ɵˡ
ϴʲôųʵǱȽ⣬ÿ˵嶼ʡģƨ־ȻôõĶ޾ԽԽ𾪣磬㲻ҪˣԼ˰ɣǰ̶ɺһóȥˡ
Ҳʼԥʵǳƨ̫ˣóȥ
ֵпкҪϢû
ҵԭڽֱ¶ŵӡ
ӵľ˵LǾսʿĩձʱ;ܣɱ˲ɥʬ˺ܶˣºպս
ƾսõƨ֣ʱսʿǳûųƨֵ˵ĺĻֱӵϷ˳ƨ֡
ǳֱˡ
ƨ֡ƨ֣ôѧֻ֪ƨ֣ɼƨ
սʿʱܱյİ칫г˳ƨ֣ųƨѬڳ˵ʱסܳȥҲǺü춼ûԷսʿҲֱӱ˽ա
˾Ӧֵþѣдϡ
ڷӵǲսʿˣսѣǾͲ֪ˡ
ֳţ߿Χۡ
ûеȥǿڻ¡
ǰҪǳˣǿ˴Цˡ޾ϸоӣܿ췢һҶԵ⣬Ѹٲ˲ϢȻ磬Lǹٸ;ܴɽõƨ֣˵ǲǡ
ҲǹǾ䣬ĿԣһҪȡᣡ
Ҳ˲飬MҲõƨ֣˵ǰҶ׳֦
˵˶Ĭˡ
ǰҶǾ˵ĸռݴ󲿷أһ̫ˣҶԸ˭͸˭˸ûӿơ
ֱܿ˰ҶƨвС
Ҵ߳ô࣬Ҫƽ϶СҶɣеҴ߳ ֮ģÿγƨֳ죬һжõʮ
ٶˣô˵ȴѾˡ
ʮۻҲв٣ٸ֣һԽԽõ֡
ٶˡҶҡͷƨֲûôߣæ˶õһƨ֣Ҳܴġ
߲˵ˣЩ˵Ȼ׬˴ˣ
ô֮ٴסɽ׼ڳƨֵĳʱĺܿ죬ûôҵȶãҲûðҶʳٵܲסĳ̶ȡ
ƨֱȽСջȽףɥʬͱӷ
ΰҶͩɶɥʬǳػƨֵģȫնɱɥʬ
ϾҶǿǧҪˣԸ㿪ɥʬҲҪˣҲ뿴ˣҾɡ


216 
⻰˵û߾ðҶ飬ʵڣʲô˵ʲô
ûЩΣֱ׵Ĵʵⷴ׽ܣصصͷǰȥӭɥʬ
֮ǰƻֲеĵطû޸ʱɥʬ֪ʲôطðĳƨڵķ
ٴŵǹ㣬Ҳһͬˣͬţɥʬͬ
˾ˣҪǿ˸ߺ
ֻҪסˣһֽߣǿԶɱɥʬ
ҳ尡Ϊ˳ƨ֣
ΰæÿһƨ֡
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͵ļ˰ҶСӳɽԻͷȥսʿǵķ鿴󷨣һ˿


217 
ÿ󷨣䶼ر
ĩǰףﶼơʦҲԼµˣЩˮһʦ
ˮһ㶼ҪԼ飬߿ԷֵֵãٲֶɥˣԲ֣ĵߡ
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LڶŹеҴ߳ߵģģԼ۹ⲻȻԼǰ׼ҵĹһ̫ã仹ΪԼLǶɡ
˵ƨ֡Щ˵ǰ󷨣ÿر𺳡
óǷˮ󷨣ϸˮһӿþʱ俴ܿǶ˵ҲһصĲܿá
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ɾЧķˮ󷨣ðҶæ΢޸֮󣬾ͱ󷨡ԭԲѵսʿ֮۳ɫã˯Ƶ 
ֻҪ󷨱Եܲůģ¶
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źɽ˺ܶҾߣȴû´ʲôû뿪ԼϢӡʵԼеѱ˶Χƣͷǲºÿһζźɽɫѿ֡
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ǰɵҲҪʧȥϣ


218 
ܶ˶ż˱ɥʬż˱ɥʬҧߵһһ٣ԼҲ𽥱ľ
кܶʼľܲסԼˣҲɵˣӱʵԼôĶ֪ǸھھѰϣ
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֯ɱߵȼɥʬLеĶ鶼μӣҶͩҲŴ֡
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219 
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ʱҶҲ˵˵ѣѧоı䷽򣬲о棬о棬ȻƻȡΪ
ƽĩҲ֮Ϊʱ
ֻһνͻоܸıʣ߸ıʣܹ˵ܻƻ컻صѶȲˡ
ڻֻҪעⲻˣɥʬҧˣάƽ⣬ͻȻɥʬ
ǷֿҶͩȥ˱ĵط
ɭʲôУҲкóԵĹӣҵȼԽζԽãǱȽΣգûʵĻժӡ
ҲһЩȻׯڣԼȻֲȵȣ϶ϢֻҪȷȫģͿԳԣõûж
Ҷֵ´ô񣬲Է㣬ҿԳԵıֲҲܷ㡣
ȸҪǸųƵø˻ˡҶһֵָıСѣڻϲͣתСܿ쿾ζ
ȸûҵܳͩԱߴĻ
ҶȤ趨ıҵ׼ʲô
˵ȣĻҪأѧཻλȷǷǹóȻѧ󣬻壬ΪͱơЩ֮󣬻ÿܳ


220 
󹫼ͨƷƷͨɼֻ˵˵ô򵥡
Ҫʼʱ򣬴󹫼㿼ͨƷ϶ҲͨôʱһĴܳ񣬲ÿܳɵĺܺãջ
ͱ˵ϴɽϰæ֯ɽˡ
֮ǰ˽׼˺ܶ࣬ѡģÿܵȼߣҿȥܸĴΪϲĴָƯؼʱ̻ͦļһžرаȫС
ʱ󹫼Ҳûѡϡ
Ϊ󹫼㳤ٺÿëٻܵȼٸߣٴҲһ۾ͿһͷǱʲô
󲻺ʣûѡϡ
Ǻҡƨֳ죬󹫼ȴ˻ɱ˲ɥʬ ݺݵسһѷͷ
ЩӲԹ涨һЩȽĶ˵Ҫ񣬱üͷͷǰͷȵȡ
Ҷϸʴ֮е㸴ӡ
Щһ￴ȥرУû뵽ô£Ȼѹأѹֳļһﶼرʡ
ʱɽ߶࣬ǰҶҲ㵽Ȼ󲿷߶ǺõģҲмĲģʱǴ֣ǲûеʱͶ֣ǻĸͩͩĸ߰Ҷİˡ
ȻܰЩãɴҲôãŬͲܺˡ
ЩҶãЩһۺ񶼺
춯￪֮󣬿ܻ᲻ƻࡣⷽLǹܵıȽϸ񣬵һЩﲻụ̀ܽ£ЩһҲŪ࣬ǻŪ磬ܺƵġ
Ա֮£ҶĴֱһģ壡
ؼǣҶʵûôģһжʼͩԷԼԼĺ󱲣Ҳͳһ׼ģ塣
ŵգпĨϵƣʱĨϷۣԵʱպӼζȻõģĻĺܲ
Ա㣬ѻˣҶͩߡ
LǷ񣬰׼ͬμӣɰҶ۴ӣҶҲС
ܲɱ˺ܶ䵥ɥʬҶ˿϶Բɡ
ζĿ궼ɥʬ߼ɥʬټ˵ˣЩʵҲֻܷϢʵĶ顣
ɥʬȼ̫͵ĻܻĺöޣֻɥʬɱԼ۱Ȳ
ΧŰҶƣڣҶ߿յû˸ȥǴȴΪ
磬ҪҪһ߼ɥʬҶһ˿⣬߼ɥʬˣӦгƨ֡
˵ҶƵɫܲÿѾĻҪõɽϣÿζʧܣðҶɳĵز
׼ҲϰҶҶƾʵӦҶۣи׼һĵطһ㶼ûУ
ҶߣҲ뷨
۸ҶʲôϵƨǶⶫֲҪҪ
Ҷֻ鿴ϢЩμ߶Խһ̳һЩʵʱµӣҪ˷߼ɥʬֲԼɱĻϷһı֮ܵõϢ
ܿ죬Ҷ۾һҵԼҪϢˡ
Щ˿ʵ̫ʱȥ˸ΣǱͷ߼ɥʬҶƵ԰׼ҵʵóһЩ˾У
Ҷû˵ͷˡ
жܿ쵽˵طѾвֻܸۣ׼ĶۣʵҲֻеȶѡ
߼ɥʬǰ治ԶΧߣҾ벻Զ֮䶼ܿ
˿Ҷۣߵߣǻط
զˣ
뿴ˡ
˵ţȻȥ˱ĵط
ҶƵɫܲÿû뵽ôɵ˲׼ӡڰ׼ҵȻΪҶʵLǻǺܿǰһ㲻˲ӡ
ùܡҶ۱Ŀ
ܺرֻϴȥɵõֲûãֻܸˡγҪõƨֻ֣δߵĸԶ
ߣȿʱǾ֪ˡҶƲʲԸ
˲ˣͷ˿ʼպһãɺǺɥʬˣȥһƨ֣æʱǻӦľ˲
ʱ򣬰Ҷ͵۵Ҫһ
ԭѾֵ˶ʱһ£ܿѰ˵˭
ҶСҲǴڻģټϰ׼ûпݣǺܿ챻ϳ
ֵܣǱ˲ɣõ߼ɥʬˣǵøٵ͵ȼ˰˺
һ˵ʵ㹻ˡҶŵ
Ǹ˻˵ʲôߵ˵ǰҶۣ׼ȷʵôǰҶ۵ʵȷʵܣʴһ˶Ƕ֡
߿϶ҪһãͻȻ
һҲź
ҶֻۣҪƨֵĻֱȥҰҶˡ˵ǰҶǰ׼ҵ˰ѵ鶼ûУ
󶼳ĬˣҲĬ
Τ簲Ԫһ֪Զɥʬһֱ廹ӡ
ԪȥҼҴǱ߰ɡҶæΧ
ΰҶͩźǵ˹ΪñϳԼԿôڱĵطȴ
мصͷΤԪԪȥҴǶ
СߵĶɲ٣лõʣ׼ô֣ǾͲ´Һϻż𣿡
ᡣҶҡͷ׼ȻᣬǺܴڻû캦£ֻ̫ˡҪֱӱǼ˻˵ĺݡǵҹԽԽãɡ
ܲʣֻҪ׼ĸ֣ȥɽϣǾ͵ŰҶ֮ŭͺɡ
ҶǾԼʵûôܵӰ죬ΪɽǶû뿪׼ңǶΡΪ˺ɽϵĶûʸ򣬳ƨҲûʸõȥĻ˼Ҹգֻܴڰ׼ҡ
ڿʵ㲻Զ߿ȥɽֻҪ㹻ľ˺ƨҲѣôǵʵͻ׼ҵࡣ
ȵԺ󣬰׼ֻԽԽǡ
ڣ׼ҲѾżҪǰҶʵ̫죬°׼Щ߸ѹס
Ǻǻʡ
ҪǲʶҶǿ϶ҪȡʶҶҪƨֵĻи;ÿŻݶܲ롣
ԺǾãֺһ°Ҷ
ҶҪҵĳƨ֣ƫ
Ǻ߾Ǳһ˳ ϶Ҳõ˲ٺô
Ȼ˵ˣսһ
Ҷͩǰ棬۾й⣬뵥߼ɥʬԣҲֻ룬ǲҪˡ


221 
ҶƬûɥʬ󲱾ӣҶ˵ǣ֪סҪܣͻȻˣ˭зӿסɥʬ
˷˵ǺǶһ۵ˣģǲLСĸҲͦ󣬼ǸʶģΪ¿϶զأҲû˴
һеżղŵҶƬǲڻзɳȥЩû֪ҶݣҪ֪Բ̬ȡ
ֵܣɥʬķӺҪøڵϣôá˾ðҶСֻϹָӡ
ǣͷɥʬǣɵùܺ£ҪϺȡ
ǣǿԴڿģҪ£ʱǺǿɵ⳥
ڲеĳг߱ҪûôҲ⳥ǧ˵ġ
õһͷܻƨ֣߾ͺܲˣڿҶָӣץסţ
ǲָӣǵҲû˵ɥʬͩˣ¡
һµġ߼ɥʬ֪ôɱͩƤǣҪɱ߼ɥʬýгսҪиҲС
ô˵ѵУҸղŲ㱻Ļյ¶ȶûУ²Ǽٻɣ
ǾͿߺǣæҲĲ鲻ԸģҶ˵ˣͩðټͩĻоȶȣǾʹĵˡ
ǿŸż˵Ҫ֪Ҷݣ϶ôˡѵͲº˺òƨ֣ͬԾǰ̰
ǲԸæȥǱ߰æʱһˡҶ
Щ˲ԸæڿҲûɥʬʲô˺ʱ¾ͲˣҶɴشߡ
Ǿ߰ƫߣ
ǣƫߡ
˹Ųӣһ߶㿪ɥʬһ߼ҰҶ
ǲŲɵͷ߼ɥʬһͷǰ׼ҵģڰ׼ңǸ򽻵һ鸺ɥʬڱǣʱŵľ˭֪᲻衣
LһֻҪŵ飬ʳԡ
ȻǾ͹ԹҶˣйɥʬӺ棬ĵطùˣûã
˵ʲôʲôƫ
ҶСָܻӣǳɫÿ⾹Ȼûֹ⼸˶ɵԼҶӦͨСˣɻӲӡ
ǼȻˣǿǧҪҵģйǸطҶûЦЦ
Ȼ⼸ˣԼԥˣǺǵˣˣȫйһط
Χ˺һ߼ɥʬûˣ˵ˡֻǺǶ˹ɥʬӺ棬߼ɥʬȻ˻Σ
һ۾һ׷׹ɥʬӺ档
Ը߼ɥʬѵĵطǲ֪ʲôÿ߼ɥʬ㻹һͩƤǣʱܺĹ˿ܶϲɥʬƤëʵѹɥʬС
Ҫ֪ɥʬͲһˣй㣬ҵĵطɽһɥʬҲᱻĥ
ǼӲˣ˶йɥʬ󲱾ӣܿ俪Ƥɥʬʼ
ҼӰѾǺǸطܿɥʬĶϽƣȻһûˡҶֺ
û䳰ȷˣܿˣʩչͨ
еܾǿƣеʹȻɥʬʱ䲻㳤ֻҪаӵʱ䣬˾ܼйɥʬ󲱾һΡ
۳߼ɥʬȻܶѹŴһȺ˶
ɥʬҲ˷ܣǰǵʵͦΣһ㶼˼ɥʬץ˵ʱʩչ˾ڲҪˣֻҪɥʬɥʬѹŴˡ
ͺǴOSSƤ񣬹ǿסǴ򲻵ˣԼͣر򣬲ͣصѪȻɱһ浹
СɥʬܣҶһֱû֣̫뱩¶ݡ
֪ء
ҲŽȻɥʬȻһð棬˶׼׷׶㿪
ɥʬӱ俪һ룬ֱ֣նɥʬԴ˲ͳˣһͷ߼ɥʬڽ
ˣ˲ţһΪˣٵĥСʱأŶ೤ʱ䣬׬Ҳ̫ˡ
ǿ֪ɥʬ㡣
ǡͺñȸ¥ãҪ֪Ŀשʯ㣬ѰСҲȥשжˣ¥òһҪǲ֪㣬һһ¥ãɹᱻ˷֣һŲţ
ҶЦȻ˵ǸСֵأ
ʱҶѾͩȥ˱ĵطǰ˼Сܸ¼ҲСǸ뿪ˡ
߼¼ʱǼҲ֣Ǻܲ˼
Ǵˡ
Լ֪ͺã´οɲҪˣͷز©˶ȥˡǶСŰҶʵݣеͬ⼸ˡ
֪ˣ֪ˡȥͷɥʬɱûУ˵ȥæ
ߣ
ҶҲͷɥʬһˣɱ߼ɥʬս
ҪַӣԼֵĻҶ룬û취ֳսķӣΪԼܰš
ôˣ߼ɥʬˣ˵LһܴĶ飬Ҳһ߼ɥʬͷʱڷս
׻Ķӳ׻ǵܣΪ˽թˣԼͦá
ҶͷȱУҲ϶ŵ㣬ôܾۼôߣôĶ顣
ιô˵ѵɥʬˣ׻ǲ˵ΪԼ¶ˣ̲סЦ֪ǰͷɥʬøǣҶ֯һЩˣʱ䳤һҲǲɱ
ҿǺˣҪҪǰæҶȻ˵
׻ЦȻֹЩؿŰҶ
Сֵܣ⻰ɶ˼׻ɱ߼ɥʬֻȷʵѣڵɥʬĺëû˵ûϢһ£Ȼýȥɱ
ߵȼɥʬɥʬʱ򣬴ҲӣΧɥʬȻгսȷɥʬ㣬һӵϡܻ̿ΣգҲпܻ޹Ҫɱɥʬ
ͷ߼ɥʬѾɱˣûҪæĵطܺõ˵ôǸʵ
ǣ׻۱Щ졣
ȻǺϤǶںȴ˽⣬жٸ֪δҷֱɱ߼ɥʬжٸ֪ͬҲıȽϾȡ
ڲŹȥ೤ʱ䣬Ƥëû͸أôܺǱ߾Ͱɥʬɱˣ
ʱԭźǵҲˣ⻰иСµ԰Ǻɥʬɷˡǲ֪߼ɥʬƤ񣬺Ѵ
԰׻ӳɱţôһֵء
ҪѣһزȥLǣ˰ɣ


222 
ԴӸźɱ߼ɥʬ֮ЩȻ֪󲿷ԭǰٷ֮ʮŵԭΪ֪ɥʬ㣬ɥʬȷʵǶɱİԶܼ
ЩҲûɢҲߵɥʬɱûУһȻûɱﳤֻһء
׻ɣü˾̲סˡ
ðˣԶһ߿һ˵ɱɥʬ¶
׻һЩ˶ǸղŰźɱɥʬģҲ࣬϶Ƕ˵ӡѵǺǰɥʬˣҲû
ǺҪƨ֣ܷɥʬܸô˴ͳһھ
ѵôʱɱ߼ɥʬ
׻Լ뷨һٿǵ۾Ͳһˣܾǲǻʵ׻ôҲ󲻳߼ɥʬô̵ʱɱˣ
֣ɲҪҿЦ߼ɥʬǸʲô⣬Ƕ֪ⶫ飬㶼ң˶ҲٵüСʱŹȥá׻ѵ˴Ĵ̶ɣ
ɾ˺̶ܶҲаⲻɥʬֵȼ͵ģ̶Ҳֻܶ߼ɥʬѡ
ڻ˵ǿ˰ҶһۣҪǰæأͳۣҿʵĻͰǽҵķٵʧ
׻ĬˣڵҴʵ٣ܳǵ߾͸ˣÿʧһɥʬʱһ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ˼Уһ̧һܳŵһִҴܻȥ
ϴɥʬȻܣҲУ
֪ˣúЪţ׻
Ҷˣ˾ǻûˣӦп˹ؼʱ̿ɥʬȳˡ
м˱̧
׻ԥˣֻҪõ㾧˳ǶԸæȻ˴󺰡
Щ˸ղɱ߼ɥʬûɱ񫣬Ҳûˣʱ׻̫ã׷׿ڵ
ǵȸǵ˺ǲԸæһתҶķ򣬺Ȼ˵
׻üͷ壬ǣܽ߼ɥʬ֤ɥȻǲԸţʵˣòš
üȻܱ֤ҪԼѰѵһֹܿҵǿԱ֤ɥʬ϶û˾ˡҪӦУõ㾧˳ʱһָӡ
ָȨùȥУ׻е㻳ˡ
ôʲôֲɱɥʬģ߼ɥʬôƲ죬ǰɱɥʬǱˡɲɣһ仰
۳ǰչûУ׻һҧͷ
Ҳ뿴Щ˵ôɥʬΪʵ̫ˡ
ҶͩͬʱȥΧǺǵˣĬĻŰҶͩ
м䣬߼ɥʬͻƣٶȿ죬ͩƤǣʱʱܱ˵ܴϸƵġ
׻ĶЩˣ뿴ô
ʱͩȻӳȥһŻ棬ҶҲĬӳȥһöҶƬ
ĻŲ۵ҶƬǰɣٶȲǺܿ죬ڶ౬Եرۡ
׻Ż棬ѵǺǵɱﵣȻͿҵɥʬȸȻɢˣɥʬɶӦûС
ȸǵСҲˣһľ͸˼ѪƵģܲҪӹȥ
ֵܣУ׻Ҳ̫Ϸˣǲûɥʬȸ˵üΡ
սѰɥʬϵ㣬ÿλɥʬŵװ壬ɥʬ·ԣֻҵͻƣֻʱסɥʬ
ȸǴ
ԭŰ׻ɱɥʬ߿ôֻܸˣǸ߾Ƶģֻɥʬȸ
̲סü˵ǵæҵģ߼ɥʬͩƤǣΪѰܿȣҪͰɥʬɱˡ
ǣҵĻɱɥʬүүҲ
ﶼ飬ǿСĵɡ
ֻǷǵǵ²ͣæҲˣһĹɥʬȸĵطԲ
׻֪Ƕһ㣬Ȼлɣ˽ǡ
䣬˵ȥĻҵ϶ҳһӣأԲʳԡ
ǰ׻̽ԵģҲ˸ܹȥ
׻ϴҲɵˣɲɵģ׻Ϊñ˿ˣ˾ʹ
ȸҴȸ׻۾Ȼһ󺰵
ĺҹȥܵʱɥʬȸԭƤȻƿһӣûϡ
֤ʲô֤ɥʬ
׻ϴǲɵ Ȼܶ˶룬׻¶ְ֧׻Ϊ˰׻Ҳְ֧Ƿ׷׶֡
һֲҪʱɥʬȸ˿ӣҲ
ɥʬȸ
Ǹطǻᷢľϲ
ܵأҪˣھǷõʱ򣡡
ҿһ֣
ֻҪǶֵ˶ʼôģ˶ʼɥʬȸ
߼ɥʬʼ꣬ȼҷҶ׼ûˣɥʬɱˡ
ǰ׻ֱ֣Ӵɥʬȸʼһֱ˵ɥʬӣɱɥʬڳˡ
ɱɥʬ˶رˬʵ̫ˬˣֱһ浹ûʲô߼ɥʬΣ㣬ܿɱ
Ǿôɱɥʬġ׻϶
ǰǹЦɲҪŵǾˣˣҶɢ˰ɡ
ǲǻһͷɥʬûɱô˴󺰡
ǿ˿Ҷûаæ˼ǺǸǾͲɱˣҪȥȥɡ
٣ǲȥҲȥЩҲ˾ǲȥǶһɢȥĵطѰһȥˡ
߰׻˵仰ȴֺǴСѾˡ
Ҷ²ǿɱ߼ɥʬûôһֱΧעͷɥʬ
߰ȥط࣬Щ˶ûôҶƿĺڰҶ۸һȵĳǰ棬߼ɥʬҲԸӦԡ
ȻǱ߽ˡ
Ű׻ǱֺģȻҲˡ
ͻʣߣ߼ɥʬô׶Ըģǻûҵ㣬ֻܼĥ
ҲעߵĶֺǺͰ׻Ȼˣµ֪ǾȥǱˣȻôʣµʱ仹ȥĵطתת϶ܶ׬һЩˡ
Ҷ˵˵ģʱ¹˭ҶƲǵţȥ
ҶʶһЩߣܿ
ɫӵĶʱϢİҶ˵磬ǺǱиСܣȻҵɥʬ㣬һӾ͡Ҫǡ
ֻҪҵɥʬ㣬ǸһЩҲûʲôΪսʵ̫ķʱ䣬ҺķѵʱԽЩߵͻԽã԰׼ҵĿڱҲܲá
֪Ǹ˭𣿡ҶʣŪ˵ģ׼ڱСһ㣡
лҪ˵Ϧ֡


223 
ҶƸߴǱߵ˽ʲôͶLǵƽʱôû˵
Ͳˣֻ֪ǺǶˣǺͦĻǵҲǱߵ˶˵
ѵʲôûҶе㾪ˡ
٣ΪأҪʶôˣ϶ҲҴŲ֪˵ǲǣ˵ֱӹֻ
ܴ϶Ҳô߰ҶƣǱ߶԰׼ҵ̬ȺˣԺҪǻǱߴ򽻵Ȼñ̬ȣٲܸ׼ߵ̫
ʲôˣҶԭΪºףȴû뵽ʲôûֻ֪ǸǸͲкٶϢȻûˡ
׼ʱϢ߿ҶƳԱ񣬰οӦLǵˣǲ֪ܲ
һܷɥʬ㣬˲ĬĬţֻҪLǵˣҲܰû
ǶˡҶۺȻһˡ
Ҷһ㶣ù죬
ǱˡæˣǼɡҶߵֲѸٿή
Ҳ뵽һܣɫʱʮֲÿϡֻаҶƻǲԸţ૵ôôµĺ¶Ǳˣⲻƽ
Ҷʱһúܴܴϣǰŵɥʬɫ졣
û뵽ɥʬȻˣ϶ɫ̦޺ҪȽϽķֲˡ
ɥʬͷǰӦǸӣʱֻ۰׵۾ڰҶǰ棬﷢YȻ͵Ҷˡ
ߣҶߣ㿪ɥʬˤȥ
ɥʬǵûˤȥץ֦Ȼ˰Ҷ²
ϴŵĹ壿ͩһ֦ϣ
ҶͷܺĶǵ취ȥⶫúúоҪȻԺ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
ǰóαװɥʬȻҲɫģǲǻԵɺϲɫֲЩɫֲﻹΪ꣬вȵ뿪ɥʬ
·ֵĹ岻һɥʬͱֲںϣɥʬȥǱֲƵģʮΣѲ
ڻ֪ǲȥɥʬԿľˣıֲ᲻һˣⶫɱ
LǷֻҪץȥõıв١
ôץͩʡ
ӣҶȻûӰòҪɱɥʬоֵߡҪֳһЩֲһӣ
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һǰһֱۻСеʱ򣬾ڴй䣬죬ûѧ˱ӵգҪóˡ
ҶϸɥʬͩɿʼѰҼ͵
еıֲʮײУѪɫ滹۰׹ǣ߽֮ŻȻ
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˵ţð棬Ѹ£
ȻûнҲ֪ͩʮΣգѾԣǱˡ
ܹͩȥѱֲ𣬾һòãȥ˺üá
ײеѪֲ￿һ΢ľǰδеΣУɪɪСͩ߶ʮһֲܿ棬ӵ״
ҶϿͩǺײеġ
ЩֲСLǹٸ͹Ϊֱֲ̫ΣգǻϵܷŻҲӳ죬ֻҪϣͻᱻԣܿʧȥʶ˯
ͩⶫĿǣֻҪðһСǣײеֲͲͼ
ˡͩĵ
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ͩ⣬ӣѸϡ
ɥʬֻעŰҶûע⵽ĶɱסҳͻӲ
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ɫֲȻ˻ȥ
Ҷȥǻϣ
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Լõĵطǵ˶ر緢
ԴûѶɱ߼ɥʬǶ˶رˣȥרɥʬɱɱ˲ɥʬ˵ҵһСزıڳܶûȥҲܻپˡ
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϶ǸӳǼ£ʵҪȻҲлõƨ֡
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ףǻ֪𣿰׻ǱҲܲȻҵһͷ壡
ʲôʱ£ô֪
ܿһȷ׻Ǳȷʵһͷ壬շϣĸץµôûһͷҲԳԽˡ
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û˵ˣҶЩĬ
LǷУĽ߼ɥʬҪߣ֮ԴҰĿ궼ŵ߼ɥʬϣΪ̫ΣգҲһҵ
Ѱ߾Ϲ壬Ϣûᡣ
ˣҪ˵Щеûġ̫ΣգûǺ£׻Ǳ˺üˡûǲҪֻЩô˻Ųܼǰߣ˾ʲôûˡ
ʵϣȴиΣգ׻ǱȻˣҲΪˡ
ҶϢϢ˵ˣֱӻȥ
ϴλСֵܻ𣿡ͻȻʡ
Ҷ֪ҶͩͻȻڶģҺǶǵ̬Ⱥܲһ㣬˶ûг֣ǲƺҲ
ǸոոҶ绰ЦȻ
Ҷ绰ﻹ˵Ҫһϲأû˵ߵĶҲǳصģֲׯڣɥʬɱ˲٣߼ɥʬҲɱˣʵǲ֪ʲôֵ˾ϲ
ζѰ࣬ڸоͲԶˡ
ѻıÿǣĺȿ߶ԵĲֺеĻû˸衣
ӴкóԵİҶֲͩͿǵ˶ڳԿıеڿ⣬ζر㡣
Сֵܻˣ˿Ҷ˵ͩɫʱһ䣬˸ȥ


224 
զˣСֵܳˣ
ǵ˶԰Ҷ̬ǽһãϾҪû˵ڶڸ߼ɥʬܶء
Ǹ߹ȥһҲɫһ䣬
һΪˣ͵粽ߣͩʱͬɫһ䣬̲סҪһ侭п
ܿ¶ϲɫ߹ȥİҶļ򣬴ץģ
ȡ˸ɡҶЦǾȥ˶ĵط
ҶҶͷ
Ǳ֯õıֲǶ˶ʶֻҪǵ߾ûвʶģʵⶫ̫ΣգϿֻ֮Ƶߡ
ͩӵģںҲͿһΡ
ӵײĸ뻹ڻ䶯ֻҪͻᱻסƤ⣬ѿܡ
Ҳ͵ķӦϲҶԶ㲻ҪԶԶؿˣǿ۽磡
СʲôӣҪƭңҿĲ㡣űô˵ţȴ첽ȻҲܺ档
֮ͩĺ
˾ú棬Ҳɫ任˴ȾƵġ
¿׻Ǳ߻ôץ˸ģ
֪ͨLǱߣⶫôýȥ
ԶԶԣϴ󣬿ϵLǱߣ
Ҳ뵽ˣûֱϵʰҶ˼
ĹΣգ֯õҲǶΣգ֯ﻹǻģ˺ɣֻҪĸ棬ͻ
Ļ϶ֱߴţ
СӳɡҶ룬˸绰룬ٸǱߵĻɽԻͷҲУСӳ˵Ϳˣ֪Ķ֪
ɣǵͷ
ΪŰҶԲԸⲦ绰ΪҶ˵Сӳ⣬ǻΪֻǾһͨСӳɽԻͷгƨ֣ɽԻͷϵ
绰ܿͨˣǱߵᡣ
ǰ˵һ飬ȴָʾ
ǱСӳһʱϲ⣬ڳԵȣʱһ˹ȥ͡
ãǹ˵绰
û뵽СӳȨȻôֿŰҶӣȻӦСӳֻǸƺСӳ
ȻСӳ˵ˣߵѸ׼ãҺƺƵߡ
ɲɵģɭֵʱÿ׻ǱҲɭ
׻˿Ŷر緢ģǰ棬ǵ˳ЦջСɣأ
ϴںءǵҲ緢еС
ز˵̬ȣ׻еˡʱɱ߼ɥʬ׻ûҺǵ˰æǿǵ˰æŸɴɱ߼ɥʬ;ð׻ߺһͷƵġ
ôţ׻Цץһͷ壡
׻ߵеСȻΪ˼ˣ⣬ԭͲܱ֤һȫҲܳܵס
߼˻ᱻ׻һԭ˵õ飬ҲǸԸƴԭ
Ȼߵ˷ӦĲ̫һ
ץһͷĻƵģð׻ߵ˾е֡ǰ׻ˣоһ˿˿
壡֪ãҵһͷץˣ׻
ߵ˷ӦǸ֮ǰһϸǵı飬ǿ϶֪ʲôġ
˺ˣǱ߼ɥʬΣյĴڣôЩ˷Ӧôأ
ιǲĽʵķˣһĶˣ׻ߺȻ˵ҪǺ´ҲҵģʵץҲף˾ţ֮ء
˵Ȼǰοǣ˶ܿǻǇNɪĳɷֱȽ϶һ㡣
ںߵ̲סˣ˵ǱNɪвȻǾ֪ˣ
˶ŵͷر֣һҺҲ˵ĸо
ôѵǻҵĶˣˡֱԣLǷ񣬹߼ûбߵˡ
Ǹ˵ԼӦ죬ҲŰθߣѵҲҵˣ
˻һ׻ߵ˶Ӧûš
ҡͷܡںٺ٣һƬɭһͲˣⶫʮΣգҪǵǡ
ǲӰɣأôҳˣ˵˵ļٵġǡ
Ҳţ
׻Ǳߵ˶ţߵȴûôżΪǶۿ˹壬ҲۿΣԣʱû˵
ǵַӦͣ²ˡ׻Ȼץ壬Ϊ̫ΣգֱӻسǣǸLǾ˵绰ģǱǵȣ˵ǻӡ
ǵ˾ȻҲţѵҲץ˹壿
ʶһ㣬׻еɥΪܳһѷͷ֤׻Ⱥǲء
ܿ죬LǵĴųţ󿨳½ȥ滹һЩСһĸװ涼һ˧սʿǡ
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Ȼûһо͹ٸ峡Ӵŵһ·϶ˣǳϸ
棬СӳǰһϣԶԶĿźߡ
ȵ˵طСӳߣͬ׻ǱҲרŵ˹ȥӦ
ȻץˣСӳҶͩЦ
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ĶȻLһǸûȣСӳʸûС
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ҶļɽϣСӳȥɽϣҶĹϵܺáһֱžСӳһˣʱӦðҶʶǲô
ѡҶҲЦܺãⶫ̫Σգ㿴ôš
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ͩһֱӣ֯õΣյıֲ뻹ڻ鶯ȥе͸Σա
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225 
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٣˵Ǿ͸ǣƾʲôLоˣֱӸǽˡЩоʲôģܿ𣿡
пˣһŬǸã
һʼãҶΪץˣľȻԽԽףѾСӳߡ
ҶҲ˿ЦôץģѹǣǸҪô
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ǿЩˣһϲģȻеݰͰͣǾòܺãȫûѰ·Ӱ
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Ͼ˭ûɱ춯ﱣͨ˳ǣŻ²ɵӰɡ
ΤҶӴѲǵ뷨ðҶǰ档
ɽûвͨȥ෴Ϊ˸ǻᣬԱ
ôţΤ࣬ǰʼæ
ιǱɣиͨ˿ΤͲûɷ˵ֿԪܿɰ̲סʡ
ԪΤСצӱΤȣ͵͵¶һֻ۾ǰˡ
ҵı󡣡ΤõģԪӺС˵ġ
ԭԪ֪϶йı󶼲һˣǶСһ𣿡
ԣ㣬ԪӺСΤ
ԪûзͨԴȻܿк˴չԴԪúҲûô¡
ǰӶǺģ˾ҧرײУо蹷ࡣͨһԶԶؿҪƵߣΪ̫Σˡ
²֪ԭЩë
ǣѺõı춯ԲôײУƢõҲܶءҾ֪ǧǿĶʣƢر𲻺ã˵˼Lǵɷء
ѹ֣һԼȷʵƢãзִ硣
ЩȻͨˣһ֪˵ĳ鵽ص˽ɽ̣ص˽˱춯
Ϊϴξ飬ɽҪ춯ﱣġ


226 
ǹͺͺ·ֻǱȽƽѣҪ˵ȫͨ˵ûаȫԡ
в˿ʼùģΪΤıԪȻգԴϵëر˿ǿȥһ㶼ôأ
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ĩѾȥü꣬СһֱڳƽʱֺٽӴ磬Ķͬͨˣûɥʬͱ򾣬Σա
ΪƽʱҳÿǽСͶԳĲˣʱ׼Ҫſ
ʱѾ㣬㶼դţ϶ܴ
СʮСһʹӷ϶˳ȥ
ļҳĻѪҺˣɵӣȥ
ߵ֪֮ѾЩǴʮֳأҪ򿪵ǰ֪ͨǱߣõ綯򲻿
еıŵζѸźӵķ˹
ںɫıСĴָ֣ǿڰѸ趯ͷһŴڣݷޱȣ
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ĹҧϿ϶ۣ˵
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ı򾶼Ѹʧƺ±ƽˣֻϸǿԿʵı򾻹ڲϵðֻʧĸѡ
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ٴοΤ磬Τֻǰʵֻֻ֪ԼΪʲôôԸ⽿ĻЩ鶼Ǵġ


227 
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ԴɽϣΤ˺ܶࡣ
ںЩڿʲôԭĩǰΤͻûи飬ֻʱɷܵϣΤĸҰ⽿ӻؼһǮƲҪ
ĩ飬ŻҵʱΤ⽿ӻؼټΤֻΤСһ㣬Τĸϲˡ
ǰΤ翴ȥȥﲻܾΤԼûи顣
ɵͷΤ粻ʲôûõLǣҪϰҶҪôɥʬĸ⣬ҪôҲɥʬ
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228 
ǰȻĺܶ£ǲͬ
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Τ磬ߣǿһˣסôıûطסΤŭ¾ȥҹٸ˵Ҳл˵
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ӰҶȥMǣֻаҶͩˣĴûܸų˵ܶ񶼲ˡ
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Ҵ߳еȫɻǰϵ򵥵İŶϢûм˯š
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ʱ˵ɣ˵滹ûֲ֪ʲôá
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ֵ˵ţһֱҪʱԺ˯ţȵʮӣ˰ǽѣһǴ
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һЩѾȲĳֲ͵Ҳаֲźã˿һ𣬾ĿˣҲеڽ䣬ͬʮ־衣
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Ӱѵˬ˸Ҳ˰ɣЩ۵ĺźһ


230 
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˴գˣźƵ۾ȴһյķС
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һ־ԲڹֻԼķҪǴȥòĵǸ ԷҲ̫Ϊѡ
ŵöڹģ϶ˡ
ʵɵ齱ȥźһֱϣڴϾһȺߣǱץ˻ᡣ
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˵ʲôҲˣźڼװϣ硣
ȻߵһһĳźŤͷȥͿһŰ׻⡣һ²ŷӦλֵܱң˸ϵ·ûˣһߵһ̫߳Ҵȡ
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ҶðҶһ˿ɵǰɵԼҺ԰ܶ˶òƽٵðҶɵ˲С
ҴҶϽķʵ⣬ȻõһǶߣǴ࣬սҲܺǡ
ķǳܵ˰Ҷ
ǵϵЩ׽⣬е߿ʼҡԼе˵ʱ򣬰Ҷϳˡ
ԸߵȼɥʬûôףǶԸˡ԰Ҷ˵Էˮһס
źƵ˱ץʱ򣬲ȻӦҾȻҪˣ³Ƿǳصġ
󴬿Ҷֱӵõֲ˿ѡ뿪ʣµȫߣ
û⡣˰æ
ץ˷ֳһҴ߳Ǳߣһ֮Ǳߣм˿صĺҪ뿪RǣͶҴ߳У⻰Ҷߣʱûܡ
źװԼҴ߳еˣΤٱﵽ֮Ǳˡ
㷢ûУҶȻ
ʲôͩʣʲôû֡
֮ǵߺҴ߳е߽ûôˣҪǻǰ˲ͬʱͬһѴϡҶ
ֻͨɶ֮ʹ˵ż֮Ǳߵ˽ףϾĳЩ֮ǵֲࡣ
Ŀǰʱ˵ʡ
Ϊ֮ǵ˵ĿĲΪɱɥʬΪȫֻ࣬Լǿѣڵʱûô
Сӳͷ⣬ֻһֱû˵ֱֲ׵Ŀˡ


231 
֮ǵ˲ܺûһƿ
RǺQǱ߶ϵMǺLǣ÷ˣֻҶûͬ⡣
ͬʱҴ߳пҶߵ̬ȣûм򵥷˵˼档
βҴ߳вʧȥǡ
ЩжʱҴ߳г˿϶ֻ֪ǻǱŹ̬ȣЩ̽һ°ҶҶûаЩץǱȽϼѵץǶɵпԲء
ƫƫҶץЩ˲Ѵ֮һ˾ܶԸˡ
ҰҶץ֮ûзβܣʱʱȥһΣҶƬҲʱ׼ţҪ˭̬Ȳõģһ£֤ˬ͸
㣬ôſϷˡ 
̬ȲаҶҡͷͼֲ˭˭ܵˣһʵѹʵôҪңó
ˣȥЩ˻ظ
ǣͩŵͷ
ЩҪǺǿǿҲˣСؤ͸ȫץˣʱҶûôۣҪͬҶҲܽ
NǵҲг֣ˡ
ǵļǺ޾ϣֱһ绰ˡ
СɽСʯҲֵܣʶ˸ʲôѣȥֲ֤û¡Ҳǳţ͵͵
޾ڶN˵ķϣæ
޾ΪѣҶû˵ȥɽϰæѡȻסMǣҶҲԶҪȥ˵ֲһˡ
ңNǾMôԶСɽСʯ߲ǿûаɻô͵͵Mǵģ
¶֪Nϲ϶֪£
ҲǾĵطNϲΪʲôҪҶŸɣֻҪ˳ŰҶչذ£õĺôҲ١
Ϊƣǰ˵ˡ
Ц⻹⣿Ĳ¡ɵôֲֻҪԼõ˾ĲƸҪҴ߳еõֲ࣬ôʵͻǣҲͶʵǿռݸԴ
ǡǾûʧܻʲô𣿡ü
հǰ˺ǰǺ»ʲô¶ɲˡЦھͲ֪׵ʱ򣬱ôǰԽԽɥʬ
ʵҲȷʵЩҴ߳жĺܺãа˳ɿϣʤ
ϧǣǶ˰Ҷȫû
˵ĵҶҪǻҺͬ⣬ҲôǰҶһǵҶǸ棬óȥƶϡ
Щȫץ˵һЩӰ϶ͣʹˡ
˰гƺҶħбķĥˣǵһУֱһʳԱ졭
ȥҰҶ룬ǾȥҶ
û뵽ǣҶȻûоܾ
һ棬е㶵ʣ㾹Ȼˡ
Ϊʲôܼ㣿ҶЦ
һ㶣ô˶ҶǶƵˡ
ǲһҶȻԼˣûƻءˣҼɽһЩݮõȥ԰ɡ
԰Ҷ˵ļ򵥵Ļ㶵ĵͷһ̲ݮתȥˡ
˷䣬ǰѲݮŵϣڷ
ݮ޾չȥζѾǶûԲݮˣĩǰζһԣζá𣡡
ȻҲбݮͷܴһƻƵģζʵǲҹάˡMǾУԡ
˸ݮŵûҶ˵
ôû˵ò׼ˡ޾һ㶣Ȼ˻õ˲ݮΪǲ˵ˣҽͦء
ҾòӦ˵Ҷ˵ĺûƻأҶԼˡǵô˼ףƻأǾͲԼˡ
Լ˺ͷԼˣԡ
ҰҶҲĺˣԼˣ׼һһĲݮڲԼ˵ģʱʱܵĥ
Ҷи˺˸ֲ
Ǿͱ˵ˡ޾
ǵͷ
ˣǻǸNǱ߻ظҲ˵һЩйذҶ¡
ϿģNǵ˲鵽ģվۿġҲףҶǺӣȫ෴ǵЩߵȼߵսҶȫϡ
ܿNǱ߸ı̬ȣٴǰŴ
ֻûȥҰҶȥ˷ƣ֪Ƶλܸߣ¡
Ҷ͸˵ˣֻҪ̬Ⱥãͷˡֱ˵ͬʱ̬Խõ Խкô
ʲôôʶʡ
Ժ֪ˡ˸ӡ
Nǵ̬ȷʵܲԸ⳥Ը⹫Ǹұ֤ӴԺ󲻻߲£ɵҲ̬ȡ
ܿ죬Nǵ߸ˡ
Ҵ߳еһԭҪ
в߱˳һЩҴ߳вģõǸ̫ӣ̬ȱģɣȻ׼ѱץˡ
Դ˰ҶֻҡͷҪӣҪҪ˹ȻҲҪʧȥһЩ
¾ҪϴԺĸþˡ
ڴǴǰνӡҶòʧȥġ
Ϊ֮ǵˣҴ߳жû˵ʱ򣬰Ҷȴû뿪MǣǼס
úܶ˶ᵽ˲ѰϢһҲûм뿪Mǣеǰй۲졣
Ǻ޾Ҳû뿪MǣһЩʱɱɥʬӹþȻͦʵ
MDսˣ
ܿѸٳϢһʼţȥMǹ˿ȻϢġ
MǲǷˣDȻ֮ǣ˿ڿɲ١ҼǵĩձʱDǻ̲MǣMȻˣԪˣЩ궼û
û취˿̫ˡ˿ڸУ̫١
Môеս
˵MǻкܶûߣҶ˵Mǻ᲻ǰæ
ǰæΣDȻССMܺġ
DǾMǺܽLǺRǲ࣬дӺܾǰгԹ
DȻΪ֮ǣ˿ڷǳ࣬һЩרų£ܶҴ߳жϵ
ΪDǵĸĹDȺܶҴ߳жҪǿǰʱ쵼˿ᣬDҲ˴Ȼ׼ϴס
MͻȻսڱ˿۵ѻʯƵġ
ҾMԼҲʼܲܳɹǷƵǲǷˡֱҷƣµΡ
ƣMǳܲסĳˣ
DҲͨˣѵҪͨDǸ֮ǲһǱ߻кõһ档
ƣ㵽ôģһ͡
MǲǷˣһߣDǾҳü߰


232 
˺ܴ󣬶Һ˺ܾˡ
ش棬Ʊ鵭ؿ棬Ȼû´ڴࡣ
ǰҶЦŵͷϾMǵʵȷʵôȴͻȻսǸ˶ỳһ£ҪŪװɣ
Щ˾ðͷˡƲ֪뵽ʲôȻЦ¡
ܿ죬Щд˾ͱ͵͵ߡ
Ѿ࣬·MֻҪDǣһȫƵġ
ʵϣһ£жսаɣҲϣˣٻᲨͨˡ
ʱµģȫͨˡ
ǲȥ棬ҳκΣգΪһӴ棬ߣͿԲ۸۸Щ˺ǵߡҶߵǻۣҲ뷴ǵġ
ǣҪûǣôأҡͷйһˣԸȥˡ
ֹ˼죬ѾƵˡ
ƵҲûƵᣬüЩǲΪĲ˺ǣȻԽԽ֡
ߵǻ۰ҶҡͷûаȫУԲŻôҲûбҪˣҪǳͷԺֻԽԽ֡
Ƶͷ
֮Ҷ̫Ʊ
ܿ죬MǳһɣͨˣȥͺܴˣȴȥҪǿ
ߵߴ̾˿˾Ѹٰ
ҿ϶ѧʷɣ
˻һ˶ôͻȻ˵ʷˣ
ǿǲȡĴʩʲôһʼɥ-Ȩ--ʲôǺƽ𣿲ɱɺˣˡ
ǳΪˣ룬˸۸𣿡
ǿˣܵʲôطܰͦأĽĿ⡣ڣȻÿҴ߳ϣǻһ壬һѰ˷֧ԮԶٹԮǽģ
˵Ĳôȴ˵ѪҺڣʼȼա
ͻȻи۾ͨԣϲ֪жĽǣҪǣ
Lǣȫ԰ͦأΪʼǱߣ
ҲǳصģξԲһι£Ժͱ
ˡDǡǲ˲֣
˻һһʯǧˣַԽԽ
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ʱǸǸߺͨѾȻ뿪
˾ò֮仯ŷ·MǶ˹ǺDǣóս׵ľ
һֱǲǿģ϶ǿġµľʧȥǹɾû˾ʬ⣡
Dȷʵ鷳Ǿ𣿵Ȼᡣ
ԣξһᡣҶٺЦ
Щ˺ܿʳȻһЩ̽ӣ֮MǵķΪ֮һ䡣߳жϰæһЩֱ
ԴˣMȫա
ţDϷƵӦս
LǺRǲ࣬Լطɱɥʬ춯ֲ֡˫ѹעȻЩֻϵģаﲻ˿ģЩǷƵˣҶûȤ֪
һĻв˶΢΢üܾʶ
ܿΪDǵһЩƵתעƵзųĶǿߣܿɫ˲һ
ֱȷ˴ҵĲ²⣬DǹȻ˲֣һˣһ浹ƫMǡ
ˮսǿҲûãǿʵDƵ˵
ܶ˶ߣµMҲƵóʵ
Ȼ˵ȴû˾Móʵ
MһֱһСǣʼʱټɥʬΧǶûסʵȻǿˣڴҿҲȲǿDǡ
˴ŹMǵߣֻٵĿMߣҲǲ
Mǻɱﵣ򡭡
ڴ漣
ǻһֱע£ʱ԰æ
ܶҴ߳ж̬ȣϣ̫Mǡ
ϵϢҶ˵ͷҶǣûбŭͷԣǺ¡
Ҵ߳˵ǰæ˵ǳû̬ȡϾҲҪسǣһ֮˿ӾͲˡ
׼ˡƵ
ǾȥɡҶ֡
MѡĶеľǸСNǱȿܻ㲻Щʵ
ˣǻûκԥϳ
ͬʱͷֱ
Ҷͩں棬ûߵݰMǡ
棬Dǵˡ
װľȻǽ𷢱۵ĳȴŮһĺǺãδ°ܽ
˵˾䣬ȴЦЦʮзȡ
ɽĶƤĴ󺺣ۿȥȻһDǵ˶ûС
ҶüDǵ˺ܶ࣬߸ʵҲв٣ûЩ˴ڣDǵʵҲڵĻMʤˡ
ǶˡͩеؿǣǵĳЩΪϰߡȵȶ˲һ˵ͨȻܱ׼ûзио
ͩȻҲǽɫͷͫҲǽɫģƤ𪣬ͷߴ󣬵һ֪ǵˣΪһЩϰ߸һģһһڷԣĸʮͷƵģһЩ˻ҪԨ
ǰˡҶ̫á
ͩĲʣΪˣҪ𣿡
ûô򵥣Щ˹ֶǵУ⵱Ȼûʲô㿴Ǻ޾ǣһǾˣǴҶ׽ˡЩˣõǷֶΣǵ̬Ե飬ضˡ
ͩ˵ͷʾˡ
ǰѾʼɱɥʬˡ
ܿҶͷ֣Mߵ˹Ȼ·磬DǵЩ˲֪ʲôȻʮԸһЩɥʬ͸жƵġ
ҲΪܶ˿֮û˵ΪDǵˣʵǿļһ
ʧ𣿡ͩе㵣ˣҲЩµˣ
ʧܡҶҡͷ
Mɱɥʬ٣ɥʬʱ䡣
ˣһûְ
Ҷͩ˵ֱ˳뿪
ľдǸ˵ĸоԲˬΣ޴ڡڰҶͩ˵㲻ʲô
˸ȦMǵ˺档
Ǹ߹ˣǻͶɣԺMǹǹܣ
ǣ׷ˣǲӮ
ǲײĲᣬҶɱɥʬǳ׵Ŀǵʵ
Mߵ۾ͨ죬ʼƴˣ׷ϡ
ô˿ţǼ縺M˵ϣΪôңʵǳĬˡ
еˣ䣬ΪʲôǼ֣˵ǵ漣


233 
Ǳ䣬Ҳ᲻ս
ȻطMǣٲôҵ䡣
еĺǶô룬۳ȷ֣ҲǼɱɥʬ
һǵ˵Ļ𣿡иֱͦ˴
ǵã
ʲô
ɱɥʬɱһһɱһ˫˵ɱɥʬԺпܱ߼ɥʬɹɥʬҪľǰЩɥʬɱ⣬Źһ
ô죿
Ҫֵܽãۣ
˶ô죿
ֵܽԵȵãǲҪģ
ֻм˺Ҷȴ·𿴵һȺˡڳǽϣͣɱųɥʬκɥʬǡ
ΪͨˣǲԸ˱򾣬Ըɥʬ
еˣҧ֣֪եԼڵһ˿ܡ
Ҷ·𿴵ɥʬΧǣMǵͨ¸ҵصϳǽæкЩߡǻǺܺ£пˣżڳǽϵߣ֪Լܶ档
ǰ߾ǵ죬ǵĵأȫıϡ
Mһ壬죬ĵصˣǻŻʲôá
Ҷ·𿴵Mе˶СӰﲻæںܼǣæˮͿˮ
̵Ŀˮ̵֣СӻҧţϻЦݡ
ʣ㲻𣿡
Сҡͷ£ҲۡǰǲأǿˣҪȥˮ
˿ɿڵʳеʳ
ǴMɥʬΧǣ˵ȫԱɥʬձˣԺMǵʵҲڽ
MûкܶܶˣҲûж٣ŽᣬκҴ߳жŽᣬһ壬һˡ
ʱǰMУ˶տֱƵǶ߬ȭͷһԲ
߾ú棬һ߬ȭͷֻ꣬ͨˣҧгҲûð
ǲܳǣҿ¡һãǰǰ
߲˵ˣȻԼҴ߳ɥʬʱȻ߼㳲ֻͨٲֳæǿԵġ
ǰĿᶨĺӣȻ𾴣ǿ
˵ͬĻ
ˣ仹üȻȻˣôɥʬܶܲˡн۲˴󺰡
Mǵȴ
ôۣǲ䣬ңû۵̧첲ʱ
Щ˵״̬ҶֻԼ·𿴵һɵȻһǵ˺ǿ
˿ʼˣҧ˹ȥϢʱ䡣
DǵЩ߶ʼǹĿ࿴
ʱոպãҶЦͩ
ˡͩһ֣һĻ
ͬʱҶһһͷһͷСĺɫһ𻺻ǶڰתʧʱǶҲֹͣת
պСһͷ׼DǷ򣬴һͷ׼MǷ
󣡡˴󺰡
ǻʲôӮǿ
󣡡
ȫŭһɱɥʬٶѸߣܵȼ·Щ
ҶЦרɱɥʬһ컯 ǵġMǵֵܽǣʲô
MڣԭƵ˶ΪɣûΪһˣС˼ȱٰۣٷ֮ʮŵ˲
֮¶ϲ
죡ȥ˴
ӼȴѾˡ
ʱMĹ㳡һŴȿҶȥĹ㳡ϣǱߣַҲѾѡãͿҶֵٶȿ첻ˡ
ýˣȾܣȥʯͷͰæᣬʯͷͰæ䡣
ͽ˺ľͷ۾׺ݣƴһ
Ҳæ־ͱֹˣԱ߿žͺãٶȺܿġǱ߻ûģֻȥɺڡ
Ϊʲôôƴʡ
ǺԶĵطİɣL֪ѹˣһǵˣ͸ŴĻɽࡣ
Ҫץʱ佨ɣӮ󡣡
Ҷ˵ˣһ컯ǸЩߵģǸҪӰѾ
㳡ûŵģǷɿİʯͷɿľͷֱʹܣһһľͷĥĹ⻬ޱȡ
ָſʼ޽ػõĶһ޴ʯ壬Ǻͨһ𣬺ӴӴ
߿һ֪ΪʲôܾԼʮֻȣæȴ뵽ԼĳҲĻǳʱ򣬴ǲǻһЩ
һСʱػˡ
ܶ˶̱ˣҪҧֵʱ򣬺ܿ˵ڶˡ
ǺúϢɣʣµ齻ˡ
ǣĦȭһߵ˺þˡ
һӰѾӿٶȣҪϢЩһ￴ˡ
ϡ
ߣҲͨˣСӣҲͷ̫̫ŮӣǶԼķʽ
߸пǰһֱ˵漣δ֮աҵǾã˶ʱ򣬵ô˶۳һʱ漣
ڶСʱǼͳһϴһܡ
Сʱ
ĸСʱ
MǱͬʱһ߿񱼳
ټּ֡Ҷͩɥʬǰ棬һɱɥʬһϢ
ͩǰỮһߣȼɥʬʱҿ
D˷ŭˣа֣ף
ļһʲôҶȥֻ׼ôŹֵѵͲMˣ
ǣMǵĻ
ҶҶ׼ˣӭඣ
Զһ̳̳գۼ䵽ǰ
һߴŴӭ󣡡
ȥɣҶ֡
߲һˣϻһˣŵߴʱ䵽ϣǣͷ˿ϡ
ǲ֪ôӭҶЦֻܣMǵģǸMǣֻܣָֻ·
ǣǴ
Ƿɿǰܣ̧ͷһȻƶ
ǼӿٶȣҲżӿٶȡ
ȻҶ˵һǵþָ·
ܿ쵽˳ſڣһ·ܡǰһƬĵ··ˣһ·һ·ݡ
ԴLǵ鴫֮󣬾רо
ϸⶫȻʵڴҡMǵһӣҲMǵһƵģֻҪ㹻 ͻᷴ㹻ĺá
MǵͺŽᣬʱǰδеŽᣬǵ˼һģǾɾɱɥʬˡ
֪䣬֪Σգ޷˵ȥˣΪҪǱˡ
ֵ˱ˡ
׳ʿһ·ߣĪͷӴ
ںǿӴ


234 
ҵܱǿˣһ
ʹ
Һڸ˵ҲҪ£ںǡ
ǻϢʲôϰ
Mǵǣ͸˼ѪƵģ׷ɱɥʬ
ԭɱɥʬڼ˳ȥҪͣ٣ֱӸ߼ɥʬ弶ɥʬ£ɱ
ʱҶͩĺˣص
ƵҰһֱ˵һǿվֻһˣܶ˿ȥǿʱȴʹǿ
ʵԼǿˣ˶ǿˡ
һʼǺ䣬ϳ֮߳͵͵ˮֱͶǳҲԼġҶ˿ʼЦԼԼ
ɣͩȻ
ǰҶЦ
ǵ󣬸LǵĲһɡƺȻ
ҶͷǲһLǸMǲһǸŽᣬʱ˺ͣгֵʱûдһγɹ
ĲǰδţδȻ󣬶ҰҶԴM֮һֱڵⶫֻ˲֪ǷҲڲͨѡ
֮ǰҶû˵ʲôƻ÷ѡλã׼ϣȻУδ³֣ΪǺܾúܾԺ
յĽѾҪˣΪĳ֡
DǵƵƵˣMһֵƷΪʤ
ԭ֣MҲ̫ܻӮΪǰ̫ˣ˿ӸҲп׷ϣֻD߾Ȼ״
DǵֱؿMǵߣȻʣǸʲôʲô
ǲǵѡ
ǵԼ
ǶĲҲ̫ƿһľӣȻһͷˮĺ治
ֻDǵɫ䣬ֱҧгݣֻеϻжôù
ǵʱΪʲôûٻǸ󣡡
ΪʲôҪٻҲûŪе
ȻǸȡǿ֪ܵĶ
ܣҸԸſѧѧұǿҲŪ󵽵ʲô
˵úܴ󣬰ҶҲˣЦҲſѧʵҲŪ󵽵ʲôôͷǵ£Ϊأѵⶫô
˶̲סۣҶĴߣȻ˽⣬ô˵ȻǶˡ
ƫƫ˻ر棬ȻͷӦˡ
صMǣȫ񻶺
ӢۣĿڿʼMǵػʼ޴Ĺ㳡ΧĽȫڿգҪˡ
𳤳Ķ飬ȥġ
ĲȥƵǶл㡣
ҶҡͷMԼҫÿ˶ӢۣҾͲȥˡˣеҪңˡ
ؿ˰ҶһۣƵͷ뿪
ΰҶM󣬲ǰMǣɱӺãǸMǣҴ߳оǺӡ
ȥֲ̽ҶĵߣҶ˵ץˣһټҴ߳еǸͱ֤ŷˣǵ˵̫ӡ
ȻҴ߳б̬ȣҲµ߽ˣұϿûʲôʵﶼ԰ҶֻҶͷʢû˱ֳѡ
NǵǿʵҲһСﲻˣðҶ̫ӣҪԺлᣬǿ϶Ҷѿ
´ΰҶɵǵҲ˴͵͵ȥҡ
ֲ˰ɣ
ǣMˡ
ܿ죬ǸDǱϢʹ˳ηΪʤ漣ıȵĶҪʡ
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˵Dһ߳ǣøMǵļ߶ϣǶһֲ
ڳ⣬ܵ˵ȽСǹʱнأɱ˶ᱦ鷢ĶȥˣҪϵжԳУаɵĳУһϾǲݵĽ
ʱMǵһԼ٣ԷǺߣǵʱʹùģ׼ܡ
DǵΪոձˣʲMǵôܷŹǻǵˣˣ֪ʱ׷ȥˡ
Mǵ߻صЩˡ
֪׶༪٣ƴǰܣǰǸֲץˣҪǱ׷ϣͰֲҲǡ
ţûʲôͻȻˡ
ǲôţԭǸطкĹ֣ʱܵÿ죬͸ƵģһƵĹ֣Ҫֱ̽ӿȥˡǺûȥݽȥΪܵÿ죬ˤر
ȻǼǰܣպԼˣǴǻȥЩһ٣õٱʳء
Ҫ˵ʺҿɲϣΪֹMߺֻܳҪǵ˾Ͷ֪DǵĵӦҲ֪ҪֻܹûгʶұȽϵùɡ
Ȼô˵˶š
Ǹ˸űĶǣԼ߶ˣԭΪԼɭȻϡͿػˣҲ˵֮ĻֻԼMǵ˺ܽ
ЩٷϢСϢѴϢNǼƵģƨƨߵϵǣʲôʱNҲ
Ҵ߳Ҳǻһ䣬ǿҶģԭЩ˲ʧʣµȫϲΪҶȻܸMǸҴ߳Ҳпܵġ
ֻRǵźɽ˵һӵļҾߣDǵĺܶ˶˭ˡ
˶͸ˣҶܵ롣
ҲǰҶҪĽܱ֤Լȥ˺ˣɽϵĺܶණԶ˺ܵ͵ļ۸񣬶ÿ춼Ʒͣ׬ȡܶྦྷˣҲ˾۸̽
ʱİҶδܾúܾԺʵһִ
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أҶǸʱ͵Ĵ棬ûûжôҴ߳дôй˳ȫϣɱɥʬɭĵ򲻶š
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Ұʷ͸¶Ҷʵһ£˵֮ദʽܹ죬Ҷ־ͱ˵·ȥϲSMһס
һǼٵģϲߺYYġ
лҪ˵ȻˣʵûСкûдʱ߿ˡ


235 
ɽ£ǧꡣ
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Ҵ߳еͨ˵ѾӦȫĻÿܼ飬Լ
Ҵ߳ҲԽԽƣĿܱÿ˵棬Žһ壬ͬԸԽԽΣյ硣
LǷչãԼΪҴ߳ġΪû¶ϲLǣԶٷƨɶģҪõǿ϶ˣҪòõһЩϢҲǺõ 
ҪǣL˸ɽϹϵãҶͨҲɽϹϵá
ֻҶͩ¶棬Ϣ˱չˣʵȥɵֲ˳չء
ȰҶͩѾҲ֪ȥꡣ
ȥMǿҶںߵ
񺣱߻һЩģҶͩӺҲû֡ﾭߣǾˮϵܵĳȥץ㣬ȻٴӺ
ҶֿͩտգӦûץ㡣
٣ץøŴȥͷҶںûΪء
ҶģϴõģƤǺãһŵģͷΪҶûԹ֣ſⰲο
үүôȥץ㣿Ҷչȥʡ
ʹˣȥඡͷҶģÿֻ˵ԼСӺöˣͶ˵˼䣬ǶӳϢֲžܡܣԱУȥץ϶ඡ
±򾣿Ҷʡ
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˵ţһֵָıðͷߵֱӸûغ
ҶֳûMǵͷһһ˵ˡ
ȰҶͩתˣͷߺһֱûֹ򾣬һ֮Ҳûٳֹ
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ⶼˮ·ˣȻӹòҶ˲ȵ棬ֹоǰˮ໹̫һء
ϵְ߳ɡͩҲ˲ȣˮϲȳһĽӡæ̧ͷҶȻǰߡ
MǣҶһˡ
ԭMһ·ֱͨLǣҪɻҲܹȥ
·ԭĹ·Ļ޵ģ滹óʮּ̡߲ΪڷܶѾɱˡ
ÿ춼а೵㹻ľ˾ϡ
Ҷͩ˰೵һֱLǡ
ſھ˳ſڵ϶һ󹷡
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ΪԽԽȺˣͷڵϿǶLǵԪϣݷͬһ㣬ȴԳˡ


236 
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˼ؿͩ󹫼Ŵ֣Ǵţ˾ʹţǶһһһ㶵ģȻҲҴţ
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ǻҪдܽᱨ棬ҪȺ
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ǧǿȻĻش𣬡Ĳһı춯ҼҶʵֵܰ
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ǰRǵҼҶʣˡ
ȥڱ춯ﶼô𣿲̫ܰɡʱ¥ǲ̫ʵΪҲ̫ˡ
δһнпܡ


237 
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ʱ󹫼ݺݵĻһѣСҲܲѾȥôʱ䣬Сصǰˡ
ɣɡҶô󹫼ģͩһˡ
LǺܶطǨˣСǻǰ࣬ϾࡣɫˮǽҲͿ˸ָͿѻзϻľǱǰƯ˲١
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ʱ˶һ׷һ˵ţ׸֮ζöˣǮҲ˵ֻLǲС
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ǰLǿɽϣá˿ӹҲôȥˣͲǰˡЩ꣬Ҳչߡ
LǵķӣΤһ£ǸҶġ
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˳ĬسŷԪҲһС룬СצץӳԷܹɡ
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ԶԶԣʲô֪磬ֲǲ֪ɻڴϣŰ̫ˣҺְҲûʲô˼ģ˼ȥ»Ǹйϵ
һ˵õˮ©ΤΤƵġ
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⽿ϸؿΤϵı飬ȻʶΤ羹Ȼƽ
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⽿˸ȻûмңΪΤ粻ˡ
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ΤҡͷΪʲôÿ춼ܵõʳһûLǻûйܵ棬ˡ
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ѵĲ֪жͨĽǵĹȻۣܿҲһЩԣ߶õĶʰʰǮ
ݹʵܺúܺá


238 
ҪΤ⽿ûΤΤôӣΤûɽΤûнǣΪСӳӦúĹ
Ϊ۾ֻӵķ ǶԼĹԽԽδŬ
㣡⽿ڷӦ
Τ翴ȥеģǰһֱ˰бǣֻҪܰĹôȥⷿˡ
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Ȼǣʱ˿Τ˵绰
⽿һѻ˵õˮ©ֻΤ֪࣬ʱֻǾֿЦѡ
⽿Ҳʶһ㣬ȻƵȻΪʲôȻססô꣬ƾʲôҲУ
ʱ˿̣⽿Τ磬Ȼָоޱȣ˵ͺΤ磬Ļʲô顣
Τͷû˵
ӦҶſرǾ͵һˣʲô˵ʲôûá
ΪҶӺ߳̾Щ㶼ʲô³ѵô˵ģҪΤ绹ûˣˣʲôûˡ
һ仰ݺݵҵ⽿ĵ
Ż߽İҶ֪ԼӦӦҶץ⽿ȴԼû
ûж˼ƻļ̸ͥ齨һļͥһʼԿ࣬һʼڿΤĵλôܻԿ࣬Ҹӵס
һ㶼˼õϣ⻹Ǵ򹤣ܹϺӣԼȥŬ
⽿ѾˣͷףҲ˺üơ
ֺȻ˵ͣӦ߶ѵŶԣʵܴ󣬿ȥӲʣûоܣǿ϶Τ͵͵ΤһЩֲȡĺö
ֲ֪ȡҩ۸ܹܹ
ѹÿοΤ磬ûд·ȥܽڼӣԭˣԭˣоȻΤ硣
Ҷ˵Ҫˣʲôûˡ
Բ𡣡⽿
һỺʣ䣬⽿ת˳ȥ
ͨˣûкҩҲûһεĻᡣ
ܿ죬Τֻ˿һϢˡ
㲻ˣҶչ˿ʡ
Լѡ񡣡ΤɱˣҪɱĻǸһôɷ򡣡
뿪Ҷͷۣ̾˿ˡ
ǲúˣΤǳ˰ɣôԳôãûˣͩڿ˵ˡ
Ҷҡͷúˣ
ͩͷ
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Ϊʲôͩ
ΪΤˣǰһˣǸˡűΤȻɽϣҲ򽻵档ΤǶһӵĵ˺ãǶһֺãҶЦ
ȻǰֺáΤģΪϺǵСӳ϶ܶࡣ
ǰԼĶӶһ֣Լﵽ׺޲ޣⲻҪˣؼǿôҶпǷ˵ǻ۰
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ԺǶ᳹׷£ͷڵΪڰɡ
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·Χ˺ܶˣ߱ȽƫƧ·ûг
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ʱȷĲɽģҾȻ˿
֪ɽϵı춯ܶأɽҲؾߴţǼݣôصģȻɽġ
֮ʹ׼ңȻָ·֮ͣķˣҲڱΧĵط
߲ǰ׼Ҿסĵطǰ칫ĵط
׼Щ귢չȻرãҲҶȷʵҲһȺĵߡ
ſһף¿ˣ׼ҵ˳Ҫ
ģŵıҲߣĺܲ˳ۣʱ¿
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֪ԣܻȥ˰׼ˡ
ʱ׽ü˻㱨鲢ã£ֻ֪˭ô֪ߵغ񣬾Ȼ£ɼ˳ȥĸʰˡ
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ܿȥüˣŶĴģЩ̰
Ƕǰ׼ҵģʡ
ǰ˭ʶڳǲ
û˵ʲôǺһɤӡ
ΰ׼ҳֶˡ
ʱ䣬İ׼˶ĸĻˣڰ׼ҴȻţĶߣǰ׼ˡ
ֵҲԽԽ࣬ܺĵ
ûıģĿȥôѵĸߵĳҲһû
ѵҰģǿһԻķ̱飬ôҲҰġ
ιģģ˶Ⱥ󺰡
ͬʱ׼ǱҲ
˿ĭƶɮӶƶǰȡ
Ŷǰ׼ң찡ҿ˵ôĴ̶ȣʻ϶ǹô˵ģҲŵ٩
˭֪ĹŲƶɮ˵죬졣׼ҵСӣҳǵ͡
Ҷƺؿ棬磬Ҳ̫ˡ
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˷䣬ҶԼĸ͵͵ȥɽϿǲǸҶйءûϵҪֻ˳ 
ûã͵͵ɽûġҰҶһֱû֣ɽҲûĵ춯
ˣҶƾʹȥֻġܿȥ£Ҳûзķӡ


239 
ûˣ׼Ҿô𣿡һ߷Űһ˵˳ԼϵëȥͿˣǾԸٰ׼ˡ
ι׼ʲô𣿡ʡ
ԴϵĴë˶Ǳ߿ۡ
һϵëɫǳޣƯLǵ˶ɽϵĴ񣬴ʱûģΡ
ûûްػش𣬡ǲΪʲôҪԸ׼ҵˣҸˣ
Ҷ𾫣ȫû뵽Ȼֻľʹ˵ˡ
һһĸƵģ˶һ϶ļƣйĨʵģҲòģǾûֱʵġ
ֱ֪ʣ˵Ѿ͵ļһˡ
ڴΣܲܳûֻϵñԼıʱֻɤӵԭǡԼ룬˶ѡ
˵ҿӶˣ˸
˭ģ׼ҶҰĵطҶƴȻģ˵˭û˵ĻǾ־ܰɡ
Ҳǰ׼ҵģʡ
ҶưȻͷ
С׼ҵ飬ģãȻ㣬ȫǳͷҲľ϶Ҳ治ࡣ
˶ĬĬͷе㵣ġ
ҶȻƯҲLҲСаҶĴڣҶҲϴײ£кܶ˲׼ҽӽ׼Ҳ˳ۣҪȻҲôΧ۵ˡ
ߡĺſ캿һɤӡ
£ҶԭһûûܵӰ졣
Ҳ֣Ȼ˵ϴŶѹָҳð׼˳õ鱨˲ų
治һŮҪǿ϶û
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ʱҶû£Χ˿ʼ˽ЩĺȻûӿ϶Ƕˣô˵ȻеţҲû¡
ҶĿҪùԼķӰء
ҶȻ֪Щ˵˼ֻ˵˵ѣֻҪ֣LǵĹٸ;ͲܣҲϣûҪѿ֮ܣֻҪֻͻȻµģ˰ô˵ô˵
ϣҶƴ
ܳһȺ׼ˣȻǰ׼ˡѵصĳȥΧм䣬ﶼŶе
ȻˣǾһϰɡĺܴ֪Լĺûˣչ
ϷһȦ׼һ
û̧ͷԽԽӰѾĵ٣ѸӦ̧֣ȻҪץĵצӡ
ߣĴһһצӺݺץ
˵ƤôҲֲ춯ǿ׳
ʱȴȻ̧ͷ¶һĨЦݣ͵ԱһˡԭĵطðȵĻ棬γһĻġ
͵İθߣë࣬һսζ
ëյȻ̫࣬Ҳ㹻Ӱĵƽ⣬Ҫôռ£Ļܷ֪ܲ
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ֻ۸׼˵ʱô׼˵춯￪ǵ԰ΪǸǰǱ춯ﻹû˺࣡ҶƵҰ׼ץֻģô˭˵ʲôңûֱɱ
Ҫɱֻģǣֻ׼ûöѡ
Ǹ˵ɫǺ죬ԼȷʵеƫˣҪŰ׼˵Ըһ仰˵
֪ʲôҰ׼ռҶƵ
ȻóȻ֣ǵ˺ܾãЩ˵ķӦҲʱǰռƻѡ
ٴθͬ˿ϵëûôˣȥеǱ
ģϴС
ҲûãзҶƵбթ㲻Ҳͬ˺ܶˣ
ҹĿĵģߡеԥΪ˰ȫԼߣϵ˿žͺܲǣҲѾԿˣΪԼļƻûܼһ¡
ʱҶȻʣ㵽ΪʲôҪս׼ҵ˰
е죬ûȴĻشˣͶ״˵ҲȥɽͶܵôʲôɣҴ˺ܾãս׼ʣ
ֻģ뷨ȻͦḻġҶ
ǵȻ͵͵۲˺ܾã˵顢ȹ£ҪȻΪҵѧʶǴģ˵ţٴθ
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Χ۵ȴоǡǡ෴û뵽ֻľȻô֪࣬Ͷ״ѾְæҲѾ
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⻰˵Ȼ˵㣬ܶ˶̲סͷúˬ졣
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ĲˣΪȷʵ򲻹ЩŽİ׼ˡ


240 
ҶˡҶûãҶ۾֪Ϣͬʱ֪ȥֱ׽
׽豭ᴵ˴ȴûкȣ䣬ðҶΣ۶Σ
үӣҶڵʵҲ֪ҶۣҾûǲСûпģ˵йоء
ߵǸء׽ʡ
үӣܱȡ
Ȼ˵еģɣ׽˼ΪͬĶԻ˵ܶΣ˼࣬Ҷ۾ͻƣٴҲȲϰҶ˵ͩˡ
뿪Ҷ۵ұó棬׼ҪʧܶˣҪʧܶӣԺٲά衣
ȥ׽·Ϻͺܶࡣ
ԭȻͷףرãҲûƣ˵仰ԺϵƱˣ˷·𶼱˾
үү㡭Ҷʶʲôһ侲Ҳɵôʧɫ
׽˰ֵⱲȻһ£Ҳڡ˾ˣܵ˸ۣ۶㻹ᣬǰ;ãӴԺ뿪LǣȥĳУúˣ׼δûжɽһ졣
ûôذɡҶȻȻһֱ֪ҶԸǴδ뵽ôء
Ҷ׽ðҶ£˵
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ڰ׼¶Ϊز˵ʱϼҵһֺܴҲܴ̺ȻҽԺڲ߶˼ʲôͷĺӾͺȻܴ
ʱָ̼ҶΪִ󣬾ǰ׽Ҳû취˵ʲô
ֻΪ£׽Ӿ׽ÿЩε飬;ӹŹ֣Ӧòǰ׼ҵġ
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ɰҶڳô¡
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һãһ׽ҪǵǸӻ׵ķϣ΢һ㣬ǰ׼Ҿɽϵˡ
ҲֻүүҶۺѣе˶дֻҪһ˶һ㣬ͲĽ
׽̾λ飬û⺢ӽ컯˵׼Ҵһʼʹˡ
ڰ׼ȻϷ⣬ʵЩ˺ûбĵطȥֻͶ׼ҶѣҾЩҲܲùָӡ
һȥˣ׼ңúøɣҪ˿ˡ׽ֱͦߡ
ҶҪֹշˣ֪׽Ѿ¶ģڣܾΪ˵ȰҶء
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ͩͰҶǰ棬Ҷķ
ǻŸʲôѵֻľô𣿱°׼ռҶɱֻģɱɱ𣡡
ƶڰ׼˶ŭ׼ֵʱ򣬰׽ˡ
үүҶƿ׽Щš
£׽ֱͦߵǰ棬ϸϸؿŰҶ
ʱİҶģϲûºۼˡͩȵ󣬼רעؿŰҶȥܿס
ŵĴʱԹԶڰҶ󣬺
Χ˶ʱʱҵؿŰҶгڴΨû޺Թޡ԰׼ҵʱȴŵĳ
ԴӰҶ׼ҾһֱǸЦ
˶˵׼飬飬Ȼô飬֮Ĵɵӡ
Ҷҹ£׼ҾЩǵصĺڡ
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ڼˡҶ
Сʱ׽Σֻ׽ûпԼѣʱһСͼü˹עҪֱף⼸ǲܵ顣
ʱĶȴǡǡòģ顣
ǰҶˣ˵׼ѪԵϵĹϵ˵ǽ˰׼һݺϷϷڳḶ́˭ܿƵġ
ӣ㲻ǰ׼ҵ˰ɣϸϸؿ˰Ҷһ׽Ȼ
Ȼ֪ҶѪǰ׼ҵģûи׼κĵطǶһ޶ġ
֮ô˵Ϊĩ׽ࡣ
ǣҲǡҶҸ׼ҵĶԹҪϸ˵׼һ˶ܲˡͻСʱÿ˶䱩һܽĺܲף֤Ҳǰ׼ҵ˰ɡҵǳڰ׼ңԸŰ׼һ
׽üͷɿ֪ҶָϾɱˣԼĳˡ
ǰһᶨеһ˻˰ɣҪɱҪУһ仰
Ҷ֪飬֮ڰ׼˴һ棬׽̬Ǻܴķ棬׼ֺֻ֪ð׽Ӷһ棬ʱ׽Ҫһе˵ǲܵġ
Ҷǵ˵ͷҾͷŰ׼һ
лл׽Цˡ
ҶͩתߣĺɵضŰ׽һҲͷȥ
Χ۵ϡͿģȻ¼ƵЩ̫ס
ҶҲ̫ˣͳ˵仰ˣС
أѵʲô¶ûУ
Ȼ˾һ
ҶƺȻӦɿ߹ȥСؿ׽үү
ȥˡ˵ 
ŷӦԭ׽֪ʲôʱѾȥˡ
Ȼ׽ͺܴ󣬵ֲȡҺȻֵܸߣ԰׼ҵȴõҰ׽컹ɫ󣬿ȥ׳ꡣ
ˣҲˡ˵׽еΣҶҲŹ׼ˣͿôˡ
Ҷɢ˰ɡ
ܿ죬Χ۵˶ɢˡ
Ҷƺ̧Ű׽ȥҶ۴һְ׼뿪ҶƲߣİ׼ǰӴˣ޹ϸ
ֻǰҶվǲģɽ·Ҷʧܺˡ
αءҶпһãһ˵ֺγǡ


241 
Nʱ䶼֣СԴӹ˳Ժ󣬷չһֱܲΧСǶرۺ죬ֻҪ˳ȴûôˡ
ڶһЩˡǴ˽ǷĵĸˡѡȻһûС
NСûй˳ڻڹӲдϴɥʬû֧ȥǱëֱɻһЩʣûNɹȥֲżס
ҪһɥʬǸСǲ͵ˡ
NȡʱǸСе˶ǱߵҲرԸNǣֻЩ¶Ǳ£ϵġ
ͷ
ģNǵȫͬһǶˣƤְƤ۾ˣNǵ˶ʶ
ЩûNǰæſǱߵҴ߳ҲNǲȻҶLǹϵ
֮ô֣ΪNһλرĿˡ
һɻģʱNյϢ˵ɽиҪNߵעһ¡
ʱҶΪ϶ģû̫ôϡ
ɻ䣬˶˷ɻøʲôʲôȥˣֻҲԼϻһС߲ûͣ
ʱûעֻ꣬ΪΪ飬N߲ùա
ҿ˿NǹȻLǲһ
ɽļ仯Ǻԣ¶ȸߵֲͣׯԶдǺë¶ͲС
˷ɻ֮󣬺ͺݺݵĴ˸硣
ﲻ䣬ܸоصϴں˵⻹ͷһθоؼ˵䡣
ƬƬѩ׵ĻƮ̧ͷ˿ա
ѩˡһ
ôûѩǵһοѩһ㶼ˣΪʵ̫ˡ
ٴδ˸磬׼һ·Сܡ
NǺͱҴ߳һרú̿ĵطNǣ䣬ȡůǽڳԷ飬ľú̿ļ۸Ҳ΢һ㡣
ܹȥ˿ú̿ľļ۸񣬹ѡľ=
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໡꺰һ
ĿɰꣿľǸȸߵСкֶԴ
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꿴ǰٿкҡͷ
ǱСģζȻرãӡкߣľĹÿ춼ܵõԼϲԡ
Ϊ겻ϲк׼Ц˵ʵǶĲҰɡ
໡꺬žˣٴΰѱϵСóһֻɿĴ֣ܿҲãҪľ񡣡
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Ǻֻ֣֮кˡ
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㣡Ҫľ٣кʶʡ
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û߶Զ˸ĵطţӱóһȼľԼſԱȡů
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Ǹ䣬磬лѣѩûڻˣıѩУνõůˡ
ѵĻСˣӿԱ߻ûȼյĲҪţʱͻȻһצӣס˺ӵ֡
Ұæ𡣡е㱻ץ˵ľȸС
ҡͷԼǰҧŲӵС
㿴ҲҪŲҰæ𣿡ӿһĻܲʡ
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ϣÿκҪæʱ򣬶ᱻ׼ȷֹȵ켴ʱһҲˡ
ʱǷ֣˻û֡
꣬û𣿡ʡ
굱Ȼûлشӡ
ûˣòҪȥٵĵطŶǵҴ߳жû˵Ķﲻ̫ѺãԵĻԸԼһˡи΢һĺ˵
Ľؿź꣬ԼֻˣߣôҲֻҵһݹٲټ־޶ˡ
ûС
ʱ˸һԼϵİӭŷѩˡ

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ҵ룬ûô£ҵõˣϸõ˵ˣǰѻƿػȵģ˯ܳŵ
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κߵıȽԶѾһЩˡҲмٵ͵ĵطڴ߹ȥ߶ŶӣҲŶӡ
ףꣿǰ˺Ȼϲ
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кֵҹ࣬õһöˣص͵̯ͣ׼ȥүүԣû뵽дĺꡣ
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242 
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һʳҲԵʱͷŲӵΪûѶˡЩӦǼҵģ
˰ִ֣֪Լ϶ľǶԵģײǽҲϻͷø⣬ӦûҸ磬ƾһڡǧǿҡҡͷ˵ɥˮƽԶˡ
¶Ȼûп⴫ǧ𪵽Сˣв֪
Ҷ΢һ֪ˡ
žǳ𸻰ɡҶпΪȲƸǻۣǱòͳͳȲϣֲϳԼȲϣܵһǿԷģֻ뷨еŤ
֪ͺñЩرãȻĽǲϳϣһҪһţţǸ˿϶ƷãԼһ㡣ͩһ
ѽǧҵ¶̫ˡҶҡҡͷû˵ȥ
ǺټģΪǧô˿²еڶˡ
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˵飬ǧЦǾҪӻҲֻܳԵͱҲǶѣ廹ǻ
Ҳң̫ˡǧǿҲ̾
йִûа취ġҶû˵תƻȻˣǳԷʲôԼȥժ
ǧǿͷӦȥժԼԵĶȥˡ
ǧһǧǿԶ˲˵ʵǼΪҡұһңܺ
ڿ˵ԼˣҶŶԷգۡ
ʵҲûʲô˵ġҫ۵̫ҾǱ䰵ѡǧЦֻȻһֱûбҪ
˭˵ģҪѣҶЦǧһӣҲȥ
ȻҶĲ࣬ùŻ˵ԼǾôǧǸศɡֻҶû·ǵסɽϣΪĲҪǧ𪸨Ĵڡ
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ܶٴοǧ𪣬Ҷܺÿ崺磬رԱκ˶͡
ˣ
ҸոʸǧǿҲȥǧǿءͩͻȻ˵
ţҶˣôȻԸԶţ
ΪɽϳȥĶкܶջ񰡣ʸǽ֮ĽͩȻصʵʻϱأɽϵϡ
ϱҶ⡣
ɽϵĴҲʵȶʲģƯĸв٣ǵѵʶûϣ
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246 
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ǲһֲصҵѡͩȻ
Ҷͷȷʵһء
֣ر̸ĿҶ󣬶ȻȻһȻĲ飬ֱɷֿ
뵽ʵƢҶһҶȽϹġ
ǧǿǧŪ˲ׯڣסЩǱ䣬һЩëʵСȵȣЩųԡųԣζǳرСԡ
һһӲˣԷʱҶصشͩ룬ȥ졣
ҪԼҶ󣿡Ҷһ˴ҧһСڡ
ʶһʯͷɽϷʲʳ̵ʮֺÿԱ߻һˮ
ʳ˿ˮ˵ʵܲˣǧǿǸҿ˲𰡡
ǧǿжˣҶˡ
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ǧ𪣿Ҷ˼
ʿһ̻ʳ⣬һ߸ǧвˣԼֱţӶòõǧǿʻţϣʲô֪ţࡣ
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ԷҶһЩǧ𪣬Ŀ뿪
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247 
ԽԽȶͻƵĻҲԽԽˡСбССİͬпǻ֪ܳء
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СһLͷȻϷɻһ˷ɻ͵Ŀĵء
Լһء
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Mһܸܵļ¶أһη磬һι¡
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ʲôأ
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ҺϲţЩүǴţˡһֻС˵
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248 
껹ѧϰʱСǰǽ֮ĲУ֮ĲޡϲȫǺˣҲлˣԼľǹܺԼȥˣҲ˺Լ
ʱСвףˣǰ ˴򲻹ô죿
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һʱȻѰһᣬ˰æСлش
뷨أؼĻҪԼʵʵȥˣܼٺܶΣգ˵˵ʱܹԼǰ°ѻ˴ܣͷҲǺܺõİǰ٩٩̸
ÿֻڶγ̵һӰѣȥô꣬СеļжѾģˡ
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Сȥ춯ﶼʵ֪ӲȥºʹܣСнûôյǸ˵·
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ԱȥһΣϴˣβͲˣţſһϢ
ԸĲɥʧ𣿡Сϸع۲Աϵ˿ڣɥʧץģץ˻ɥʬ
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249 
ٴ뿪ӣСзֶĲɥʬһͷ˺ܾõҰޡ
ûǵҰǲСнģʱҰѶͨ죬С̳֮
޵ĵȼԽߣѪ⺬еԽߣȻСиͷСҰУȴ·һߵľ޴ܵҪСС
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ҰޱƽСԼĸͷСڽ䡣
ǿĵˣͷһȾͳȥ㹻ʱ֣ҲΪԻ̨ϵˣʵСвûеһʱȥ
ڱ˿ʵʼһαֳǿرá
ҰԴײǽϣֽǽڰۼûУС Ұ죬һССĻպýҰ޵
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ѺǵӶͨ˵磬ĵطǿпᱻΣҲ֣ᷢᱻȥҲܻ
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ܹ״򿪵ԱСеļƻ΢ЩȤû뿪ӣʣ˵˵ļƻ
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ŷûˣСдְܳԱӣĳȥˡ
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档СٴδһţԱʵ˵
ǵĶԶ˵ĽŲͺ˵ʱǿԴѡû˵ķȥ뿪ٳ
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ȥһطСȻļƻ
ԱܵĿ죬ܿһ档
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ǰڲԭϣ֪ôıԽԽǿ׳ȻܣԭĲԭҲ˺ܴı仯ɭ֡
ԱһʼĺܺãֱץǸط
ҾɽϳɽϳġСл˻ӳ٩٩̸ɽϵĶܺóԣˮҲܺúȣڻдͳԣƽʱûʲôѹдҵʲôĶĻ
𣿡С˵ЩԱöͦãдҵͿʲô֪ҲʲôҪĶ
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250 
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ԱСбֳģ˵ͷȻϲ࣬Сֳ۽磬ЩϡŹֵĶСоȻϤ
Ա׼˽˽⡣
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С˵ҲҪԿˡ
Щ޶ɵ󲿷ֶѡعԼϤɭֻ֣кٺһѡСеĻҲã֮һѡȥɽϿʵڲоֱɽȥɭˡ
ǽСԱǺ 
ҪȥɽϿԱ֣صĶϡ棬ҺܺЩ
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ԶӲȥĵطȴҪֻȥ
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ΨСŪȻܴ󣬵ûгǰԵúµµΪƵġ
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ǰЩҪѰϣ֮һĶԸġ
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ԶвΧۣͨҲߣô޳۾һһλ軹˫ִȴ󺰣ιԶļһǣûԸҶӵĳģĺLһ
ҼһɽϵİײˣֻҪңζİײ˹ܱ
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251 
ҲӦ˱仯硣
һ˵޻γɹΣһĳ
ܾúܾǰϾ˿Ц˭Ҳȷĵ˻ǹЦ棬ĵرͶĶĲˣһͷޣҲǻγɹޡ
еĴڶ𽥱һӻ⣬Ӧ磬ȥı硣
ϷؾֻҪ߶ȥ
԰ϲ˵ֻܵȼĸֲȥ𣿡
ҥɡ
ٹٷϢô˵ƵʱзɻȥֻҪŻǱ߾ˡ
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Ҵ߳е߶ڹעϢЩ½½˲ؾе滹㰲ȫܵõһЩֲǰȵȣеȴޱΣգȥʮΪܿľ֮һ
ȽƺֻɵһؾǾ԰ȫġ
˽ؾԽ࣬ɵ͸ӿȣÿζаҶ򣬵ûٳֲؾͲһˡ
οؾ֪ʲôҶֻLǸǱߵҴ߳ϵˣܵȼȫȥ
Ҫȥ𣿡ͩȥժһƹϣһ߿һʡ
ҶҡͷͰҹȥɡ
Уͩͷȥ
ҹֲܣڸպܣвǿģȫֲҹʵϵĲ㡣
ܿ죬L֯ߣ˺ܶ࣬پɸѡһڻϡ
ҹһ޴ıҲڶС
ݣͷϥǸߣģǳ£ŹŴֹ䳤ۣϱһСľڰҹߡ
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Լ罻˺ţһЩϴ˿رࡣ
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Ŀǰ֪ʲôؾʵƣƲ⣬ӦûΣաŴȺǵĽǣñһȥ
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LǵȻţʶһ
вʶҹȥ
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˵˵ţΪԵʣRǣһøжûС
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ҹʵǿǵ׵Ĵڣǿ𽥳Ϊģ˵ǰǰΪû·
ǵóǰɽϵʱһ߳Էһ߿ᡣ
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ݣҡͷ
ŲδʲôǵĵһĿľӦǻš૵˼
ԼĵֻлţδˣǾʲôûˡ
Եȷʵ˴ѣûˣҪԵʲôã
ǰһ죬ʲôԵû·ؾֻдڵΣƵġ
ͷߣ߾ҲûӣΪǶǿֻֻܸܱ
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252 
ؾûֲҲûĴɹȵȣֻ
ұǿˡ
ȷؾ֮󣬺ܶ߶ܱ֮ͣǿ;ǰɵӲŻ
Ͱҹ֮صʱسǣ״̬΢һģ½ؾδҶûж󣬶óԼˮƽ
ٴλصԭأʵǿ
Ͱҹ뿪ؾҶͩˡ
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ҪǾ״̬࣬ץʱȥΡȥɾҪˡҶ룬ѵ
ݣͷ
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ҶμӻۣСӳϵãȻ֪ЩڲϢ
ΰҶ֮ԺͩһֻĴ߶ѡ
滹ǺΣգǶѾɳ˵ⲢʲôǰҶͩһ󲿷Σնڻ£ǿԺܵĿķ羰
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ԺǼʱΪء
ΪLǾѧԺһ꼶ѧʼǿǲ츳ĻϵܣЩ츳ҪμӾѧԺԣֱӱ͵ģ
棬ѵһҪ֣ǵĽ̹ǸǧҪ¡ϸǼѵһҪμǡ
֪ǸС棬Сʱؤ˰Ҷȥɽͷİɣһ취ȥɽģ˵ҵСĹء
ɲҪ˽жһָӣ֪𣿡
֪֪ٲȥѧҪٵˣˡ
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ѧǹԹԹȥŶӣͬѧһȫһݵؿǰĽ̹١
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кˣҵĳôսˡ
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ιسģܸ˵˵ʲô𣿡к˷ܣ˵Ļ
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ˣᣬȵʱǾ֪ˡǴϵĲޣֵܼľһ㲻̭ĻпԺٶٶǳصĶ˵ϴĺö͵ÿˡ
ڣɴء
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ˮأĸ߿Ƽϲϣֽ̤ʵصĸоһܸоԼĺ˵ʲô
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Lǹ㳡˴ǰᡣ̹ٴ󺰣ӽ쿪ʼҪȥϷܹԣǾͰԼʵʵڵLǵˣĩձLǵˣ
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ǸҪˡ潾󷨽Գɽʮƺʮ󷨣ֻƤëѡ󷨣ɽ͵컻ա
֪֪ӾݵĹװ磡кæͷ
еĹװ綼Ϊ׼֮ܶӶɽֻܣЩЧҲǵ򣬶ģµĵ͡
û˵ΪҲ֪ʲôӡ
Էʱ䵽ˣǳȥԷ
ҳԵĶηɴʳģζ̹ҲǸҳһģֻ̹߻кüİˡ
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Ҵ㣬Ǹ˵ĵλǽ̹֮£㿴·ûУϵ޻·кǿķ΢΢üкһյӣ΢ЩȰ뷨Фˡ
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˵δİ顣
Ǹ˵ĳڣϲŭ֣ȫΪһ˴ڡ
ܵĸ飬һתʱһι¶Ļġ
ãԼϲϲһˣԼϲŭֶйϵ뿪ʱԼ϶ܲס¶Ż̲סҲȥɡ
֪Ҫʲô𣿡˺һкܹʣȻûأҾˣر죡
лҪ˵⡣


253 
ҹ˾кһǰһϳǽ
ǸֽÿŶرСһСİǽˡ
ǰıĻŲȻÿ궼άⶫһ㶼ʵеڸкܳˣҪǻȥ
Ѿˣȥû˼Ǵȥǰ߲Զɽˡкİӹ̶ã淴ڣֱӴǽȥˡ
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滹еսĺۼǳǽϿӿݵģźڣΪȾѪ̫֮࣬ɫѾȥˡ
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СģһǧҪҧɥʬģ
֪ⶫҲ̫ŹˣڶûкܺõĽ취ء кȻ֣ǰıʧˡ
ûкĶǰһܹƻ壬ڶûо͸ֻڵУȥȻǺöֵʱֱĩûб򾣬ûЩࡣ 
֪ⶼǿϵݡкͷ
֪ͺãעⱣԼô˵ţкǰ棬Ҫȥѡ
ǰһɭ֡
űߺֲܶﶼǵزֻڿϿۿˣ˵Ǽٵġ
ף԰ǴӴų࣬Ӧ߼ܿɽ·Ŷԡк棬Сǲ·Ŷ
ܣڳǽϵʱȷϹ򡣡
Ҳ˵ȷˣˣɽģԶԶؾܿҪȴܡкһҪ·ˡ
óԿ˿߸û磬뿿Ϸвͨ
ɭǰƺһľɫͷ߹·ŪĺۼҲѾʧ
·Сһ㡣
кԵе㿪ģװģҿȻָһ
ͷǰߣɿӹĹͱ춯ֻ˶û˼ȥ׽ΪȷԼ·ˡ
ͷҲûзźŵ豸ѾʧҪѶֻ̫ܿԾȡ
ԤУǰ϶ˣкͻȻ
ִ￴˿ǰ滹һƽ̲סɽܵµ·ɣ㿴ǰһƽģֱǴƽԭôɽ
ҪԳȥƶϣԶҵǸطкһ
ǰӲݣк߳ȥ
۾ǰкȻ˲ʧˣһæܹȥ
ǰʲôƽԭǶ͵ɽ·
˵ɡкɽ
ã治˵ˣȴɾȷк֪·ߣȫϹèˡ
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һ·ǰ᫵ɽ·𽥱ÿǰһξ룬кͻȻͣ£̾˼ɾѽ
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ǰһʯ̾͵ʯ·оʮ档
̤һģ˵Ķƽģ·Ƶġ
ƾɵķԵеªˮ෿ӣ滹ſƣǰһŵķݣһӹϵլӡ
ʲôˣȻǰ洫
ʶкǰ棬ðֻ·ˣҵLǾѧԺһ꼶ѧǰ԰æϵL𣿡
ǰһû˵ŴŴ򿪣߳һг¿ɫӣɫЬ ͷе㳤۾βĺܳţ˵ĸоһḡ
ֵǣüľȻһ룬̫ˡ
´һֿںкһ˿ײļǽʲô֣
ǰҽ档˵ˣԼ֪кء
к̽ͷ꣬СҽаҶѽ
Ŷɡ국ص˵ͷתլӡ
ͰҶһۣ굽ʲô˼ǶլӺܺ棬ǹϸ˽ȥ
լܹӣֻеӾвܿͬĳ
Ҷ΢΢죬ĴţС棬ҾϤϱƵġǱ߿϶ĢģǱֳӦĵط
ˣסҶûϤѵĳת治ΪȻҲûѰҶĻϡ
͵ĿرСɳرϾɵġ
¸ˣ˶š
ݾûٳҶú棬ȥſڿÿǽϵƬʱһ¡
Ƭи𷢽ͫӣԱ߻и꣬ҶһģһҪǰҶȷԼǳ󣬶ҪΪƬ˾Լˡ
㡣 Ӳ֪ʲôʱڰҶߣ
Ҷֻһǰ֪Ķ
СʱİҶǳǳںܾúܾǰĵʱĩûбʮַ
׼ҡסɽϵ̡
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źɽɵ
ɽЩϳɳı춯ǣĵεεı仯ջ۳ɼҶԺ
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ڣˡ
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ӭؼҡͩЦ
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һˮЦܾˡ
ЩȫҶûонĸо˸Ӹ棬Լ˸ƻԣģͦÿ
ЦЦ
εʱʵǿһֱɽ
ǰҶһѪò˶ɽͨĿܣ˵ڵһжǰҶġЩһֱл뿪ȥǿ˶ʵ磬ûС
ģҪȰҶ֮
ڰҶˣһжá
ˣͬѧСĺ档ҶץӴţǸæܣLǾѧԺһ꼶ѧصء
氡СӲ濴һ
ҵǲҪø֪ˣȻѧ棿Ҫˣⲻʲô°ҶɽϺ ϲָо
ɽʱ򻹺˷ţԼˡ
еˡ˿ĭզҡһİҶˣǲʷ𣿡
ʷܶ˲šǽ̹֪˭ǵ뿪޴׵иţ綡ء


254 
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ΪҶĹϵѧУǱ߲ûйʲô
˼ƽӣҪӦLߵĻƽʵ
ޱȾᣬԼѾȻǴתһʷжһţ鶼ҪµĴԼޱǿ
ȻͬѧûôˣճѵǾLҴܡ
⻹㣬ͰҶһҴܡ
ѵõϢգаʱжһȺһ꼶ܳڴСС
ЩլӶǿɲȥ
֪֪Ǽ˵ܶÿ궼ѡصһʱ䡣
ҪǶЩլӺĻ֪һԽȥҶȻ˵
ĸլӣָŵլӷǳζЩŽôģҲȲﶡƤë ĲϿɶǻʵİ
Ҷʲôطȥ¡
ͬѧǶȤſ濴񫣬ȥѾкܶͬѧԸƵ͵žѵ֮ȥҫˡ
ҲǾѧԺĴͳһ꼶صѵȻϴٻ֮ͻ̥ǵı仯صӵΣܶ˶ܺأ
ҲͬѧССĵһַʽ
ҶͬѧǵһСͬ󲿷լӶģ󲿷ֶǵ뿪ûкģЩҲѱ
ֻһر𣬰Ҷͬѧ⣬ǰߵС¥ɫӡ
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壬Ҷƽʲô
һиԲһͷɫ̷к̽ͷۣܶˣŵ˻ȥ
ۣÿɰкӡ
㲻ҪŶǾѧԺѧ˺ġ
Ŷ˺㣬ȫȥ߽̹٣̹ٻǵġ
ҶЦԪɡ
Լ֣Ԫٴ̽ͷ棬СǰҶ𣿡
ѽҡҶ˵صͷ
ǿҿصĺܺءԪæܳţðҶͬѧǽ˵СֻаҶ
ԪԴҶڲϵСӣЦ£û˵ʲô
滹ԭģɳҾߵȵȶķǳáҿóЩûʹùͬѧҲˣֻڲԶһա
סķ𣿡ͬѧͻȻ󺰣е㲻˼ôΪʲôֻסôСĵط 
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¥խ䣬ռȻСı춼Ǵޣ޻ǽϹŲΤƬкܶѫ¡
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ΤķӣҶʡ
ǮģٸΤķӣڶÿ궼ԪСش
ûԼΤˣΤͬ飬һֱȴ
ܿͻġҶԪԴ
ȴһ˵ĸоܣֻҪ룬ٻȷȵǸˣԶֱҲûʲôܵˡ
ӱԪſĿͰҶͬѧ뿪
δؿԼ¼ƵƵֲԼͬѡȥ
ʱֻһѣȥLפصʱѾʧȥʮǿǼȥڣLǵҪʲôԸĻõصصĻᣬһ
ģɡ
жֵأLĻŲ֮һLפصǰģг͵ɽҪƻ󣬽ùߵĸսˣǱɨϲֵġ
Ҳ֪ͷǸ˵СǱLǣһֱû֣ս¶ˡ
ٺ٣ֱԳֻҪǳҿ;αװȥ
ҾѵҪúñ֣ȡ´ʱܽȥ컯ɾ͵ʮλţˣڻʷݣҲﵽĳɾͣ
˰ɣʹҰ֣ѡ˺ֻǿʵÿˡܵȵ߰Ķڶûоɣֻܿ
ǲ֪ûá
⼸ͬѧһţǹԹԹϼˡҶҲû⣬֮뿪˿ʱ࣬æߺͬȥѵ
ȺŹԲõδͬʱҲŹȥЩԻ漣


255 
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Ҫ̸ҪȾơ̡ĵϣ
ڲǰƴë׵ļ״̬ǳëҲǧƪһɵۻƣǹʻǰëСмֱҪϲˡ
ƿǵʱ˵ǵ仯ҵʱҾ͵ùܵӰ졣Ƕص׳أС쳤̾ܿΪڣˣ
Ϊף֮׵ĳСоٰᣡ
պȥؾѵѧˣкüյ
ǸСһĳˡҶǸпļ䲢ܶ࣬ммĿհףСȴһĻš
뵽ǼһʼģҶ̲סЦ
ȥȥͩʡ
ڲŵǸССԺոһգ긴һ꣬ȴǸÿţȻָ䡣
뿪ǼʣͩоԼֻصܾúܾǰʱ򣬷¶ǰҶֻҪŸ;ͺˡ
˵أҶʡ
ԸıһˣҶãͩԼǷݸ飬һ㶼û䣬ƵģԽԽ㴼
ıġʱӲϵĺۼ
ͩ˵ҶЦˣֻһ꼶ѧô鲻Լʲô𣿡
СȻ̣ЩžսϱɱºպսǵϽ
˵׿̸ڰҶûĳСӡ
ȻҪȥͩ˵
ǺãһȥҶüЦ
ЩӰ룬بʱµİʧҶҲȻǼϣͩƺСһЩش¼Ӱӡ
ʷУ뿪ǼػĵʱŮָӳսڽڰˣͷЩȫû
ֻü򵥵һ仰ľطɱ
յĽɫϵ˺ͳ嶼ܿǸ޴ģ·ͣĻӰռǸ򡣡
һռĵģҶЩһ꼶ѧԸ֮ȥǱ߹
ȽŸǻ彻棬ԷǸ߼涼ѹࡣ
˼γУʦ˵ģʱȷʵƼôû취̫ΣգûᷢչƼǵҲûµģż߾ѹЩһ㶼ǿ׳ˣοǻռ.
ҲҪ̫ǶǰǣһҪԼǿУȽǰǲֵܳʱǻᱻǳӰڵĦ.ģ
ʱѧˣµʦ˵֪Ͻ˶üˣûءҸоҶϽˡ
Ŷ˵϶ǰǰ巢ֵȥȫûء
ѧһһģͦظ
ʱҶҲڣص˵صĳ壬ʮ죬Ǹؾͱһֻɫճ˻ҡ
ʱҶҲûҵֻɫ񵽵λǰΪǸžѧԺΪ˾ѵʱȥأҪѰֻɡ
Ӧþͩ
һ޴ģյӰ˱󣬼᲻ɴݣʵᶨĺܡ
ҾùЩ¡ͩ촽˵СȻϽȥܷ⣬ǾӰ࣬ÿγ¶޵ģ˳嶼ÿ˳ԡԸڵ򡭡
ʼҶʶʱͩڼʱãЩլš
زݮҡҶʰһ䣬Щô
ʡͩͷ
˾ȥСеֳ
ѾСëʻϳβ𣬵׳Ҷͩˣæܳӭӡ
ߴߴСкܸˣӭӭ
ŶҶץͩĸ첲ɴ۾Ĵ
ǰļ䣬ڵľָߵ϶ǵһμҶؿͩ߸׳׳ٵҵ࣬űͦƷȥȥС㣬һЩǻûεĶ϶·ͬе졣
ȻףҶúС
ǵǳĩ͵ҲǺܺõĿˡ
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