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Ϊʮһ͵Ĵѧ٣һԼصƽһꡣҵƫĵĸĸû۵СҲΪǧֵ֪һԱڶ˵¹ĸһܵ١֮ԼڶʮһѧɹĴ쵱ص֪һ˺Ľũҵ֪ʵԼĸ˼ֵҲõصԱƶ¸˸õʵıĬü򵥵ıʣдһƶһȺ˺ԱǵŬ֮£ԽԽõĹ̡Ӧ˵ʱ֪ԼũԱļܶʮ־ɫֵһ

1 
֪ʶ굽ũȥƶũٽбҪ
ũһأǿԴΪġ
ũȥ߽ȥҪĵطȥ
֪ſڣ洦ɼЩɫ
Աĺͼ֪ǽũ彨ΰ׳٣֪ʶũɳΰҵ
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2 
ʲô⻹û˵ʲôءվǿʱᾪסˡ
СŮǸƢ֣Ҫô죬ҪôԼԼǺٿޣ綼ûޣֱ־ʳ䲻Ŀˣϰߡ
ֱڰ칫ҵĻ棬ֱһᣬʲô鶼ûأͱͷһܿˣ֣ҪҺ㳤ôҶҪǲҲĺˣôҾͲˣ㶼Ȳϡ
˵վǿĴӵ۵ģôˣһˮƽҲһˣԺ˵⻰費¶ҺҲǾ˵ġ
ޣһˮֻʣ°ˡ
ŷ۾¶ҲˣҽԺɼҲˣһһҪȥһҲȥ˭ȥأҲȥΪѣ˭Ҳģ˭Ҹĸ˫ȫǲǣ
վǿԣһҭƬ̲ŵߡ
ǣˣҷ֯šǸոԩ¶ҵ㽲ԼԺˣˣռҽԺԴ⻹дҺòͨˣҰ˵һˣܺһЩһžͱͷܲί𣿡

վǿ˶촽ùŮ⻰ô£ֺܺеˡ
⻹ǵһαСŮ޻סԺҲ˺ܶˡ
һɲֻסԺͷһ⡣ˣһ̥ܲǸĸģҲ𣿰ֲǲ֪浱֪ɶһŮͬ־ĻôÿҲĸӣԺ󲻵óԿǰҾί˵ǲңԺҲҪί˵ȻԺҲûˡ˵ֿʼˣί
Ů˵ļѣվǿҲܸӡٿĨĹŮҲòܡ
ӣȻӲۣƽʱ󡣵ǲò˵ȷʵǼ泤õһСʱҲ۹ŵۣҲûŶ˼ϡҲͲˡ
Ҫ˵ģǿ϶ǲܵģʲô취أ
Ǽĸӣܲһ硣˼Ҵɲͥĺӣȥˡǻ˲ˡϴٻǿүӵսŪȥξģҲԿࡣǱȽǰ;϶Ū˸ѧ⣬ûˡлᣬǸũ˴к
죬⻹װֵӡ
ûûСˡվǿһ֮Ƣˡ
ɲ£úýѵ£ҾҪˣԺû׼һӶˣԺѵҲûˡ
վǿ⵽ߵĻ˵ˡ
Ȼ⺢ӲԼ۰ĺӣǵҲԼ׹ŮũûˣҲϼҿȷʵ˹ӡ
ŮȻȥĵطҲũ壬ò˶١
ˣ㶼ҪˣҲ˵ˡ㿴ҪʲôҸ׼׼
վǿԷ񲻵òпǻ޵ĺ̳ԡ
ԭ̫ںĸ뷨԰ʱǻԼϣԸǾţԼҲ⺰
ɲȻˣռĿ
ְ֣ǮƱЩҾͲ˵ˣ϶׼㹻ġ
վǿšҺ˵
ָˣ϶Ȼҽ㡣öҽ㣿ڰ֡
վǿüϹ˵ʲô衣
ֲһ˵衣֣Ҳ˵ģ͹˵סԺ¶ǲ㴫ȥģ
վǿһۣڵλæôȥ
㿴ˡⲻ㴫ģҸҲڼңǻ˭
˵ˣվǿָ֪˭ˡ϶վŮ˾ϲ˵¶Ҳʲô¶
վǿû£ͻȻվһ㲻֪ڴԺﶼ֪Ϊ˲ʳ¶ˡռҵˡ
ֵġ˵¶վǿΪһˣʱڣ϶ϣƽƽ˳˳ģ־ʳصҽԺˣͺ⼸󶼲
һίʳҵ¶ɲҴȥġ׻˵ҳ󲻿֣û˵ܴԺȥ°ɣͶԼЩ˾ûмͥУ֪ά¶ȥˣԼû¶ˣԺ˵϶˵μ˾򲻸ߣ˻᲻Ҳ򲻸ߣ
վǿƽʱܼ¶ЩһֱȶҲСġ
ƽﻨ˼ڵλҪôӵǰ;棬ûйЩ¶
ôһ˵ҲʶҪˡ
֣һ˾ٱίզ죿
վǿһ⣬ϻҪװ˿ûӰӣûôء
һһϾүүҲˣڹ¾ս˵˵ۼһС¶ҾǶӶѣбҪ⴫𣿸ڴҶˡ츾ҵʱҿŻˣˡ֣¶ɲôȥˣԺۼڴԺûˡ
վǿȭͷôһ棬ɫҲܲá
һȥ衣ٺͱ˽һ¡
Ͻģһߵʱ۸Ͻ֮޶֤
վǿһӣ˵ʲôġ
Ƴ⽨Ű֡

ôһ⣬վǿҲڵλˣϽʰԼĹİžؼң
վǿûרг
ں棬֣ȥɱ˵˵ģĲңʱҸ˳ˡ
׶ޣվǿ⻰Щ⣬衣ƽʱҲģ˵ˣԸºͣʲôʱ׹ˣ
ǲף䱩
ҽ㣬㿴ĹŵҽˡҪȻ磿
վǿ޻˵
Ĭϵʵ
ϾԼҲǰӰŵĺúõġ
ͻȻֵ֣ʵ磬Ĳµľˡ
վǿѵлСŮ죬Ůô˵ЩЦ߲гʵʲôòĵġ
㿴ҸǶڼң׹Ůˣʣ裬ҽˡ˼ҽϣ㲻ͳɹ¼ҹ𣿡
վǿԣһ¡
׹ŮˣȥξˣȥũѧˣʣϱͼŮ
֪ΪʲôͻȻЩζˡĪľЩ
һ·Ҳû˵ʲôĻصίԺߡ
˴Ժż°ؼҵˣվǿÿ˶Ĳˡ
λãǶǿүӵԼӲ˵Ϊ˴֮
ʵˣסԺˣ
ӲȥӪˮҲģס죬ϾҪˣΪũ彨վǿ治ɫ
ǻǸıǮɺˣ֮϶ܸɳһҵ
Ȼ֪֪ʶôһ£⻰ǸӵĹ˼䡣վǿҲЩӡ
Ȼ־ʳ¶ͦӵԲһЩֵġ
ŮһͿվڼɨ
˶ǴĹŵľװզһĸŮĻͦҲ֣Ͼڸ͵ģϸü۹ЩŮӵԼԭͺ۾ǺҲ񣬵ΪüëվǿϻоѣͳŨü͵ġ
ҲæˣͷһͿվǿŮˡ
СŮˣɫһɣЩˡ
վҲһӣڵĹȥվǿӹİЬ֣еλǲǺæ
ƽʱվҲôɶ£վǿŮҲ⣬ЩŤûôӦľһ
վԣΪΪԭ򣬾Ϳ񣬡ȥˣȥҽԺûҵɵˣҺ죬ջ
һֱݣѻתԼˣɵĽŵϣȥˣҲ֪ҳԺȥҰˣԸ¶ſġ
û¾ͺã´¶ǰҵλǱߴ绰Ҳ÷ġ
û´ˣⲻǹԺ󻹲֪ʲôʱܼء
ԣɫȻ
վ費ˣЩ뷴䣬վǿ񰡣Ȼʰʰ׼¶
Ŷúվ
ֻСӲų֡
սݣվǿͰнȥˡ
վɫõӣЩģֲ͵ֻ
סһͻȻ֣ԼƲվСˡһ룬վѾĹˣϰʿã׳ǮƱƲͲˡ
վ֪˼ԼĴߣüͷǲֺͰˣְ躰˵ȥˡ
Щº͵ӣʵĻģҪԭļ䣬ҪǸýˡ
ϧᵹᣬȴá
ԼճߵⱲһ¶ǾʳҲˣһô֣
վţ׷ʣǣǰôһ͡
ɴཫ·һߣĶ
վһ٣Щڵʵôôң
ĵҪˣǲرġ
Ϲ˵ôأվ΢΢ŭıԼĵΡ
ͺãϾˣҲûɶôԺˣҲͷˡ
˵˵Ǻ£
綼ôˣ˿϶Ҫģϱ͹ӵĹϵôˡϱοûѪԵϵӣ
վûϵҪ˵ģҵĶ϶Ҳ
ʱܵӰˣ˵ˣ϶Ÿ磬Ժ󲻹Ǵ󣬻ޣ϶ܵġ
⻰վʱñһ¡ǰģĴ̡
̾Ǻôͬģǹϵ϶װҪڼ¶ˣһܰһ¡
վֹҲûô㵱¡
˸ۣ費ҵ£Ұֻǵġ㿴Ϊ㹤ûУΪң˲ٹϵءǲľġ
վʱЩƵĵͷڴ棬ȷʵûô֡
Ĺŵ¶Ҳȫı
ϧˣҪˣҪȻڼôʹҲܴӰٵ㶫ҪɩˣСӶԸҲеġ
һһСӣеģվĪķ
˵Щʲô壿
ȻȻԶҲܸдŰ˵ҲΪռˣܲĴΣ϶òҰҵʱÿдŶĺãõ㣬ǶҵĲˡԺɩ䣬ҲҲԶ̰һ£ܱԮáҲָ裬Ǻ裬ţϱǰûˡ
վû뵽һУԸңǰǾ裿
Ϊҿʱ뿪ˣаҲСﵱǰ֣ûңԼ
վ˺ö࣬ǰ㶼˵ô໰֮ǰôҡ
ʵҲáóʼ;ᡣ
õĳ裬°ְ֡
Ȼʵû¡ɵΪռҵѪԶռ׵ˡԼȻգǸһ㡣СʱԺĺӶ˵ƿ
Ҳ㡣
վ
̾ҾֲҲûˡҪˣⱲӶûָˣһӶزˡҲ÷ңҲü㡣谮ңҲҪˡֻԼĺõ㡣˵Ұ㣬˵ǻ
վ⻰ǻô˲˵Ҳʵ
ԺЩˣزΣЩ½͸ѻˡ
Ժˡ
ôһ룬ļɵҲû֮ǰôˣô
ⲻɶҲ٣ȥسȽϺʡ㿴ɶƱƱҵƱĸ㣬ǮҲɡ٣ҾͰڰǱ˵ٺû
վ㣬㡭һŵĿƺû뵽ǰǸǲ䣬СþȻп롣
ʲôҰҪǲˡԺ͵űżɡûŦ㿴ֻûôס
վһû뵽ôࡣ
񷭰ۣҪȥԿ࣬Ҳñ䡣ⶼΪ
վ뵽֪ЩԣЩˡ
Լȥ£϶ĺáӺãﶼᱻᡣ
Ϊʲôı䣬˵ЩЩġ
ҪˣԺİˡ
ǱĻδɩǡ
ϾֶӵĿأȫ˶֪ġ
ûѪԵϵСӣ϶ɩǵж
ԺˣǺ߹ϵõĻżҲҪƽȣǶǶ˼˵ģҪõ˼ңҲŵԣֹαҪһԽܲرЩõ˼ңϱˡ
ƱҸ·йҵƱЬģɣƱ
лҪ˵ôôգ¡


3 
һƱ֤ףǳԷˡ
緹ûԣأĳϴֳԷ
վǿѾˣ˲ˡվˣҲڿȥæ
ûæҪǻǰҲǾǸɻģھûˡǰΪ˲ĸŮТģҲǴæġ
ɴվǿߣҲһŮТ
վ۾Щ죬ʵ裬ô޹ˡֺ˵ʲôˣ
û¶˵飬ġǿЦЦ
裬ʲô飬ҵİ
վЩżˡ׵ľˡ
˲۾ʳ¶Ժ֪ˣ־ûӣԺҪ˵ˡ
ҲĴҲûϵվüͷ
˵ҳ˵ҲǶԵġۼá
վ˵ͷﻹЩĴڻ˵
ȻĺͲģô
ĸŮ˶˲һſʼԷ
֮ǰѾ˻վǿһЩҪע¶װ̵ӣŮĵĻͦǢ
һĻվ־òζˡ
Щˡ
ȻƽʱƫŮСŮҲģȻϣܶһЩͼ˹ϵһЩ
վǿһ˶ˣ͵Է֮ǰҪ˵һ仰Ժۼ¶˭Ҫ˵
գ¶㲻Ǻ˵𣿡ŵ
վǿվûװ֣С
վǿҺ˵ˣͺû˵ءǵǿһ¡
֣İɣ֮󣬼ɶҲ֪˵ˡ
վ͵͵ĿǮƱתˡ
Цһµҽ㣬ǸˡҲռ˰ռҵ˵ġͱ˵Щˣƻ˸顣
ʱϲĿһۣƺû뵽⵱õĻ㡣
վҲ򴽣⣬
վǿ͸˵ˡʳ¶վȥ¶ģô˵ǲ⺢涮ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣոҲǿһ飬վҲǸµģٷˡ
ǵͷˣԷɡ
һ˸߸˵ĳ
ʱʱҪвˡ
ЩϰߣҽУݰԵ㡣
վ
һٷ֮˵ľˡ
ŮСŮֹͼ˹ϵǢһЩʹŮϵҲˡ
ĵȻˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪСŮǮƱ¶ʰó֮󣬵վǿȥˣͰ񵥶нˡ
񰡣쿴ˡ
˾ͺá΢΢Ц
ԴԺҪһֱ
ͷĵֻҪվǮƱλⶼ⡣
Ƕˡǰ軹Ϊ㵣ء
ô飬ҲҲóˡԺѼˡҲͲˡ
⻰ҲЩѹϽ嶷ĳóһŷ⣬ġ
Ҳû򿪣񣬡Һָ׼ġҸ·ۼҲ˵฻ԣҲҪ¹ĺһЩ
õĽ˹ģǼﻹмðɣ𶼸ˡ
ءЦŵùŮĶ³ˡΪ￼ˡ
ǾͺãҪȻͷҰһûǮˣ϶Ҫ㡣
ֲŲأͦõġ
ʲôѽҶˣո۾ˡŮ˶Ǻˡ
Ͻ Ϲ˵ǿ֡
һ·ţûˣֹŻСֲһ˵װ֣ˡɼϲ衣
Ŀڶʱһ¡
Ů˶¶϶ģɷƽʱôںӣﵱȻҲ뷨ģֻҪһĸֻԼԼ
ˣ¶ǺӸòĵġ
ܲ𣿡Щˣ裬ȻǰЩ㣬һ֪ȰֶҺá
⻰ûĵȻۺӡ棬Ժˡ
裬ҪˣһӲܻˣĵľˡ
ʲô
ԺΪʲô֪ԺЩ˱˵أѵҸǱͶ㲻裬Ժǽˣ϶Ǹš
ʱЩᣬȻ֪ѵֻЩҲûɶ˵ˣնҲáԾĻ㲻
Ժ˶˵ͰֵŦңͰֲˡԺˣֻ᲻ôð㿴⻹ûأ־ˡҪԺˣɼˣô찡Ժҳʱ䲻ڼңҲҪˡһ뵽һ˹¾սѹ
ǸԵˣⷬʵеĻҲζ
СŮȷʵҲΪ˹Լյĸ飬ռվȽŸ
ʱӣ˸ŮﻹЩʧЩСŮĸЩӡԴŮô⡣
ǲɷϣ˹Ůվͳװһˡ
ŮҪ뿪ˡ
裬ںôҲΪģ˭Ҳ磿ҰֺҸ綼ǷҵġԺҰǰ¹Ŀ࣬ǵŮ֪Բ㡣ҲΪЩܹЩ
񡭡ʱ̲סֺۿ
ˣҰֿá¶Ҫ߸˵ġҲ˲۾ŷͳ˷š
ԼڴĨᡣ
˷䣬˴Ҵҵʰ
վչոʲô
ܸʲôԺҪһֱ¡
վʵ˵ǵ飿
ʲô˵ģǸĺãǻҶҪˣԺһӼˣܺˣҲ˵Ǹӣ֪֮Ҫˡ
ҵȻ˵վ
Ȼϲ񣬵ϲ衣
϶õˡŲءܱȲ
ԭ·ͦģϾռСүүߵʱһʹʴռԼҲĸӣҲû
Ȼܳ裬ǳԴҲǲġϾӹҲĺܵλġ
Щ·ȹʲôģʺ紩ʰһЩ·һЩϴް֮ģ׼ʱü˸Ĺȥ
˰æɶҪԼ࿸ء
ҲǮƱͷʲôڵҲСҵǵطŸ֪ԼҪʲô
Ҳûʰˡ
˻ϴ˸裬˯˸
ǷһŴϵվ˯šĺͲĲ
ӵһ䷿Ҳ˯šһֱŹŮ˵Щ
ȻԱڴ۾ֽɷ򣬸ɴ̽հ룬ǲġҪ۶׼õİɡϾġ
վǿ⻰뵽֮ǰ˵ģǰվ;ںǰ
˵Ҫ׼ǿǺģͺһЩˡ
ǿˣ׼ǮƱڼôܹ
ţԺÿ¶ĵ㶫ȥ㿴ô
ǵȻУܲúԿࡣ
ЦЦҲ
չȻǿġ
ôҲء
ոι̵ĻԺҪ⺢ҲίˣԺĵ㶫ҲӦõġ


4 
ڶ죬ص˼٣˵ҪȥЩԵõġ
һȥҪôݣǸ
裬һ۾

۾ãĵʵ
еӣû۾Ʊ
ȥ㻻
ҪˣʶҪԣȴЩ飬Ӧο۾ֱƷˡ
Ĺʶͦ࣬صȥһĹţŪ۾ƱȻҪȥ۾
裬ൢʱ䰡Լȥ䣬һЩĶˣʳǶûӪũҪ壬̰ԡ
ҲС
ĸŮ˷ͷж
Ŀ뿪֮۾ܡ
۾Ҳϡһ֪ʶҪ۾ҲףҪвõںͦ۾ҲС
˵ֱ̨侵ʦǸСӣÿ Ůͬ־Щ졣ͬ־Ҫʲô
Ҫһƽ⾵
ʲô侵ʦΪԼˡ
˰Ѷͷٴ˵Ҫƽ⾵ûжľƬ
ǣͬ־ʲô
侵ʦĵŮͬ־ôÿôҪֵֹġ
Ҿ̫ÿˣ˿ҵʱֻȥˣҪ۾һ¡ñ˸עҵƷʡ𣿡
ˡ侵ʦεЦЦǶҲˣһڹá
У졣
ǲУⶼ졣⻹ġ
ҿԼǮƴֵ͵͵ЩӰ˵Ʊֽ֤ٿ޿أվĶʮҲǮˡ
ǮӼ侵ʦΪѵĴӦˡȻܽ˽Լ͵͵ļӰӵ㣬ӼǮҲõ㵽ġ
ȡ۾ƾ֤֮תȥ꣬ǰԼ黨ˡΪʻ˰˿ǮһĶ̷
˶ͷ㿴ûôˣżӢ
ҪľЧ
ҪˣʵڲʺϳͷؼҲԼ˵һӡƯʵܳԿġ
ȻϣǺܶλƯŮ˶ƽ
صʱ򣬴Ժ˶
ͷˣ
̫ϧˣôÿıӡ
ЦŵҪɻˣǱҲʺô̷ܽʡʱɻ
Ϊɻͷˣ֮ǰΪ˲־ʳ¶͸ˡ
⺢ӣԽԽˡ
ЦЦ͸Ͻؼˡ
˼ռ˵Ƕˡ
Ͼ춼ҪˣܶһԷϧЩᡣ
ͷ˶һԾ
ͷЦ˵ǱûУͷôһͷ˼Ǯأʡ㿪֧ˡ
վǿ˶ˡ
һֵģҪùŮȥͷʡ֧
ﻹǮûҲСͷͶѹ׼Ʒ׼Ǯ᲻á
æĵͷ
ôҲ׹ŮԼʹŮڳӣСŮͷȥѧ˼ͷᡣһӶǸˣŮ˼֪Ҳ˵ûá
վЩζˡ
Ȼ뿪ң뵽ԺͷоҲͦҵġ
Էնã֮͸ǮһЩҵƱ˻ġ
ȱʲôͺͼдš
šѹĽӹǮ
ɲҪġôҲΪռȥ磬õҲûɶ
죬ﵹǰģվˣҲѵõչĸˣվǿƽʱôܼˣҲ˵ذ
ӹĻ󣬴Լƽ⾵Ͼװ֪ʶӡԼʮ⡣
ֱȥ죬ֳˡ
ΪվǿŸũǱߴкȥı۸ˡ
ȥŶӵʱȥһ£ŷԼҹŮص㻻ˡֹũˣ˺칫磡
֮ǰк˻˵Ůģ˵Ҳ֪¶ô㲻֪
𾪣վǿ֪ôش𣬡֪֪Ҽǻˡ
תͰѻŶӵȵ㼯ϵгˡ
ڶ¶أɫʵգʲôˣ
վǿ
״֪鱻ˡ׼˵ϳ֮󱻷أͷдŻ˵һˡ
Ҳš
֣Ǳ㷢ˡ
׼һֱңվǿǿŭ
Ҹط˵Ӷ˾ߡ
˸վǿ̲ס˵˵ɵĺ£㾹Ȼ˽Իط˵㻹
طˣúõĵطôҪҲżˡ֪ǵطҹϵŶġ
һΪҰ֣
ƨվǿֱӱֿڡ
ҲΪ㣬һΪԼũռǷãҾǱõķ
վǿʲôﲻġ㻻ǵطΪң
ҿ϶ҲΪԼǵطô࣬ЩҲû顣İһЩȻûռͣҲ֪Щ¶ֲȥΪ˱үү֮׻˵󰡣ôǶԵġϼǱߵ˿϶Ű϶ڱҰֵļǡ
վǿ
ҰΪүүӣǱ֮ˡڻȥҰֱ֮ռǱߵҲ˵лˡ˭Ҫ˵ҰûģҾֱ׳ķǣҷõĵطȥռǿطҰһȥģһȥТ˳үү̵ģһӶܻؼˣȥﲻȥأܷһ£Ҳֵͦġ
ô˵ŲǷ
裬һȥˣһҪ˵֪ռҵϱ
Ųסˣޡ
գ˵ˣһƬġ
վǿˡܲ˵ԼʵǱߵݰɡ
ǺҲȷʵһƬġ
ҡҺӹȥˣҲöϼǱߵˡ
ʵЩᶼǱߣֹΪЩݣҲΪ顣ϼҵ˿϶ڱ
ϾҲ˵ʱǺϼҳŵģֻҪԺĺһУǿԸ׵ϵġԼϡ
ˣˡҴˡ
죬֣ܲТ˳㣬ж֤ˡ
վǿ̾Ĳ˵ŮΪࡣ
ӵǶġ
ԴúøɣѾдŻ绰ҲС᲻ǮүүǱߡˣôôɡ
šͷ
˴󿨳ˣվǿվԭؿš
֣裬ټһúøɵģ
뿪ĵһˡ
Ĩᣬ⺢̫ίˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


5 
ʡ뺣ǲ̫ԶԲ𳵣͸㶨ˡ
Щ֪ʶǴ󲿷ֶǸ߳У԰ģѧҲгѧˡ
ʮ߰꣬ʮꡣ
ʮСǴˡ
ΪСһγԶţټ϶δ֪Ŀ־壬ôãСŮ͵͵Ĩᡣ
񣿡ԱͻȻ˺
ͷһһѧͷĵƤŮȵĿ
ôҲһˣϴûְ
һ룬ˡͬͬѧ
ϴֵʱ򻹿֡
Ȼͬѧڰϳ˺ÿ֮⣬ûɶص㣬ϼͥԭԸҲǺܿʣԺͰͬѧҲĺ֡԰ͬѧǺϤģѧϰɼȽϺõˣΪһ㣬ûϹũѧ
񼷵ߣҲﰡɡͬѧ𣿡
ͦ죬ǻŲŲƨɣóλáأһôˣҸտ;Ϥûϳ
ͷⲻҪ𣬶ͷôǰ۾оȥ۾֧ܲܵԮɡ
ϸ˿ôˣ
֪Ƿӹҷ䡣
СֲǸɲ𣬲õط
һۣ˼Уɲͥ͸Ҫͷˡ
ǰզû㻹ͦ˵
Ұ˵ѧҪѧĬǽͷѧϰ˵ĹҲ࿴飿
ѧϰɼ
̬̬ȣɼǳɼΪһ̸

˳Ĭһ£̾˵Ժô찡Ұˣ䵽ĺлȥҲࡣũǱ߶ڳԴء
Աߵˣ϶Űˡ
ԼԼûôࡣ룬ʱǰ粻벻ˣǲǣ˹ģۺúøɣԽԽõġ
һЩ㻹ֹͦ۵ġ
ֹۻϣ֪ʶеص㣬Ҽǵã¹ʲôʱ򣬶ҪֹϵľǾͲᱻκѴ򵹡
˵úá
Ա߻Сơ
ԼҲ˹ƣлллл֧֡
Ҳƣһˡ
ôҽһ£ȥһʡû׼ʱɶиӦ
˵⳵кüǺһġһģ˸ͻһݰѧϡ
óԼıʼǱôҼԼֺϵʽļͥסַϵʽҲдϡ
ҶǺǹģԺҲҪиӦ¶˲ϵ˵ģȸϵܰͻڼҿĸſѣʲôѹϵͬʹ֪ϵأңҰ㣬κѶܽ
СӹҲûɶĻⷬøĻ͸ԵĽԼϢдȥˡҲ֮佻ϵʽ
˵ЩϵʽҲоЩȫˡھòԼһˡ
СЩϵʽԽˡ
ⶼ
֪ͬ־ǲܻسǣǻмںǰ
һԺõأ
˵ˣ֪ǻܻسأ˭֪Ժ˭Ժᷢչô⣬һֱеѲӶࡣƽʱã¶֪ʶһ˶Ҫˡ
Ȼ˵ҲĻЩẢ߲ףһˣͷܰһѿ϶ҲҪġСǶҪӰΪƣΪ֡
ŽõĺŸ
ָӰ˵飬ܿʹˡһţ֮ǰģ־鶼ˡȡ֮ģм顣
һ·˻ʡǣֿʼ³·ˣɸɵĳӹߡϧ뿪
£úϵʽܶԶͬڣ
ŴҸм˳ӣҲŸ˳ӡ
γϵ˾Ͷһˡ
Լһͬѧġ
ðװ׾ģС߷֡
кҲġǿͦġ
Ͳˡ
ǵˣڰҲɼģΪŵϸ׼ƽʱͦŮͬ־Ӵġ˶ǲ˵װ֪˼С뷨߲Ҳܡ͵͵Ķ׹ڣ֪Ǹɲ֮ͥ󣬲׷ˡ
ڵʱΪͥԭ򣬲ˣû˿ɳ֮
߲£ˣôҲˣְֲǡ
Ұ˵ˣɲͥŮҪȥĵط
һ飬ֿ϶ҲҪŪسǰɡ
ᣬҰ˵ˣʲôʱ֪سˣٻȥ
⻰֪ʱȻ𾴡ȻѾϣܹа취ǻسˣ¹ȥǻȥˣȥɨֶ⡣
ʲôţָʲôʱͻȥءߵһβŮԲԲۣЩɰ˵
գϹ˵˵
յŮͺһһߡ
òˣ֪Ůոչϵġ
ϲۣǵô֪棬άԼ˵һ֤ҾԲκιϵ뿪ũسǡǹǻȥ
ʾ˵ôɲ£ôġҲ֪ʲôʱԻسǡ
ŵĻҶϵʽҪˣһһȺѩ۾ලҡ
ո˵ɫЩˣԵЩ߳ŭ
ҲЩΡ
˰ɡ
ҿЦģҿ϶ǲߵġϵʽԺǶƽ֪ˣиӦģ˵ضҲġĲ˵ܰϵæԲ˭Ҫҵϵʽġ
ҪҪ
˾ֻӦˡ
ģѵһֱ˵ˡ˭ύһ¡
ܿ죬֮⣬Ҿͻཻϵʽ
ӿСʱڵ˻ϵ߷һǾȥصĳӡ
ĿĵԽԽˣҶԽĽ
ԽԽãһֱڼ·ߣʱ䡣
ΪûʱԷҶֻܳԼĸ
ϵĶҲ󷽣ǰ׼ıͱʲôģҲֳһЩʹҷ
ʳ֮ϵġ
ܿ쵽ߵ֪ǾͺһƬˡ
أ֪ǾͻԾĴ
Ժﵱ֪ȻͦƵģҲܡ˵
ҲЩ˿ˡ
⻰ĴƴҵĻˡҪطأҪȥĵطѹûȡ
Ȼ˵࣬ܿǾûɶ뷨ˡ
ſڣ˵͵ˡ
Ȼ滹ϲĴ컨ҲڸǲǸƾʵ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣһζ
öŮѧס˱ӡ
ԼСũ峤ģǻܡŸ˳ӡҲϽϡ
˳ͺ͸С˹磬Ǿͺһ𡣡
ĵͷ
һ·ѾʼЩˣо¹ͦסӵġ
һ͸оȫһЩ
Ͼ͸˵ˣСҲСˡ
ﵽ·Ͳ֮ǰĴ·ˡһ·ӿݣӻĲˡһҳֱܡ
Ľ̴ë֣סԼŲ̫Ǳ
ǰ濪ʦҲǰ֪Ĺۺϰ칫һΣ۹Щ֪̫ˡҿ֮ǰҪ硣
γ˿̣˭˵أ
˵֪¶ҲĲҪҪġ
칫ͦӦ˵ض
ԭ˵֪֧Ԯ裬ͦ˵ġǵ֪֮󣬴ȫô°ɶ谡ǺԱһֵ𡣹ؼֵػԱͬ־ǣ̽ģ⻹ͦࡣÿʳʱ򣬻Ҫ֪ǡΪЩ˭ãԱҲͦЩ֪ġ
ξãԴ֪֮ԽԽˡ
ؼ滹궼
ʦͷһۣҶëЦһ£⽫ӿĵһ¡
ǵúһ󾪺
ЩСǣԺӳء
һ·˹磬֪ǿһŵţ¿ͳûƢˡ
Щϻзĺۼ
֪ǶΧһصĿ
˲ϿޣϽЩΧߵˡ
Ϊ˹֮󣬾ֵĸӣҪ߷֡
񻹲һֵܷǱߡ
һֵŮץ˼ǣͬ־ĸռʹӶӳ
ߣǻǸϡŮºԥľ͸ָָǸɫͷǸи
˳һͿһʮˣҲݵģǸͷͦߣ߻һ̶
иֱģǺվǿһֵġ
Ͻ˹ȥ
壬и塣
лҪ˵


6 
иڿ׼޻ضȥ
˶þҪˣȥ˻ܸɸػŮȥȡ
ǳСӲŮȥ¶ࡣ
䲻ģ·˳һ£˺
иͷһһ۾ģװ׾СӦһ֪ࡣ
ͬ־ɶ£
и壬ҰүүѧɽҵĹŮվǿԭ
ŶŶŶǣҵĹŮ
ռҵ¶Ǵ£Щ۵Ҳ٣һ˵и֪ˡ
԰ǵġһˣи壬ðη䵽ҰرŵģһТ˳үү̵ġ˵ʺأҴһҪҰȥǱ߰ҪȻҾͲТүˡ
иûл˵վǿⰲŵģһǿ϶Ƕ˵ʹӦġҪ֪ȥģ˭ǴأؼǻԼġҪǲȥһɽҲͦġ
Цǿ϶ûģ˵үүͦġ
Ѫˣǿ϶񰡡壬˵Ҳݰɡ
иЦŵǵȻҺͬһ̫үү
Υĵϵסи壬Ǳ߻ͬѧʵڿĺӣһȥɡ϶۶ȡ
˵ָָĸϡ
иۣЩŮ޺ޡɻ϶С
壬ڿܱǿɡǸɻĺ֡ҺôǴӵˣһܺԼӵģǴӳ϶ܻʶˡ
УǾһˡиһӡ
ϽǼǡ
ͬѧϡ
Ͼռͣ϶Ҫ취סռǱȥġһͺ֪ѽˣԺҪչ϶ٲ֪ġ֪밲Լˡ
ǽϳĹиˣˡüһȻա
ÿ϶ûôɰ˵϶׷ģһиǶҵģˡ
Ҳ֪Цźи˵壬ͻȥ˰ɣ춼Ҫˡ
иֺǺǵ£۶빫粻Զ⻹¿ţ졣һͷá
˵Ļͦ
վȵ壿
ͷǿɲ塣
һףһӵı顣
ͦ˵ġ
·զˡ˵Щû棬
и߸ϳߵүүͦõġũ⼸Ӻˣӣء
ҹأҰ˵ﻹһãһм㡣
áü޵Զ٣ﻹʣ壬бµģһӡ
үүⱲһӣֻվǿϴʣ»һһСܡ
ںүүһľСвġ
вһŮ
ųһĺҲûȡˡռҴӽ28꣬Ѿˡȡ˸ϱɣӣŮ˫ȫˡ25꣬Ϊ֪ԭ񻹵ռǸŮҶ19ˣҲΪ֪ԭδ顣һС15꣬ռΨһѧǳϢˡ
׷ʵأզദ
иǺЦЦͦͦáҲ˵ˡ
øʲôѽⶼҼ˵ˡĵԼ״ҵ϶Ҳ˳
⻹ռ͵ˣϽŽߡ
Ҳ񿿽һ㡣ҪûλˣҲҪȥġ
գ
и˵һûһСʱ͵ռʹˡ
զ˵أһӡ
ˣסķѾǺש߷ˣûס¥ˡ
ԻǵһοķӡЩǵëݡִֵĿȥƺһЩƶǽҲѷӡ
ͻȻоصԶ
Ҫ޺ܶࡣ
룬˾͸˵ˡɫǰְ࣬ס
֪ռѾϡ¶ˣǰ½Ҳռ͹֪࣬пʮˡ̸϶໶ӭֵҲͦࡣ
ϾضҲҲûɶ֡
ǵʱ¹ʱ򡣳ͣڴӲſڵĹ㳡棬Χŵ˻ͦࡣ
ӴŮ޶ͦεġ
ɶɹûˡ֮ǰЩ֪඼ɶˡ
Ǹ߸޵ͦġ
ɻ϶С
۷׷ס
иĻӻ֣ΧɶأøɶɶȥСЩ֪ȥȰһ£ԷɶǱ߳ţǸˣ¸¸˻˹ֵٲϡ
СǶļǷԱ⻰Ĺˡ
壬ȥү̡
иȸ㰲һ£ٺȥΪá
иԼôǺĵġвļ϶ݲŮ
иСҵĹŮ񡣡
Сһ㶣ɶ尡
үүϴĹŮ
Сɴ۾񡣾Ǵ˵нǹӣײϼϵҪ׵İ壿
һЦ¶ѡá
ͦҶүүġСָָѵλá
ֵһҹŮˣʱֵָָġȻһֵ˷ɫ
ֵУСż֪֪ȥˡ
֪ʱϢҲռͬ˷һ㴫ˡ
вһҸ¹׼ȥأͱſ·˺һϢ
вϱ°´ɱӶ㾪ˡ
ɶɶɶ˭Ůˣ
ҹŮǸ̵ǼҿҪˣֶһ˳Էˡ
вҲˡ
ϱҲ֣զ°
Ǽûϵ°
˼״Ͻˡ
°ҲˣűߣָŶϱɶְ
û˵𣬸Ͻ
ϱ˵Ľ˳档
в˿ڿˮϱ
϶˴Ҵҵӣ裬˭զ°
Ҷһ˵𣬲Ǹ̻߶Σ
ȥݺү˵¶°ۼûϵ
СҲۼҴ󲮵ĺӰǲǸ˳Ըɶġ
ɶ󲮣˼ֵϸݣҪ

°Ǽһ֮һ˭Ҳҿˡ
вĶƲġ
ȻԼҴڳ¶ЩʣҲ׼¡
ɶֵܰ
˭Һ˭һմ״ʵģɹӽʵʡ
粻ܼֵָɶֵֵİչ˹Ů
ǲܡ
ڵǱߡžţʵڲлϱء
ҵҲϴǱˣ֪Ҳûɶɡ


7 
񻹲֪ԼĲҪҪġ֪ʶδսǡ
֪ŮŮĶжʮˡ
ˣöʮˡ
ֻŮ֪߰˸ˡ
ǶϵرģѾ˼ˣҲˡ
ģŮ֪ߵ鳤Ÿʰ̡֪˯ǵ˴ľɵġ
䲻ÿҲ˯ĸˡ
ΪԵʣСǰһ΢ķ䡣
֪ߵ鳤Ǹϴ㣬һˣѾˡ
ʮģѾʮˡ
Ͷ󣬻οǣ£ϰ˾ͺˡÿм̽׼١ҵʱͻȥʵд¶Ҳ٣ˡ
㣬ǶﻹǺĵġ
ЦľͺãֿȻ۾ǻܿĴ۾ѵƽʱٺͬ־ӴǴһ顣
⻰͸࿴һۣȻʵΪʲôѽ
ǲã׳ԿҲ˵̫ԡ
ϾЩŮӻС
̫ʵѾˡ
ﻹж֮ء
˵ŻڴܵϽȥˡ
Щ˾ŻسΣİܻ֪㲻ҪǻҪء챻ЩСϱǱָ˵лΪǺܰ
˵׵㣬˭ˣͦġ
˵ľ㣬Σռʹ˭֪֪һ֦ͷͷģʹӳĶüȥġس𣿡
˺졣
˱ˣˣע㡣Ȱ˵˭ҪǳҾͱȥǱȥ
Ǳ߳ܵͣ
նǿһ
βͷҴˣһѳʲôطܴˡȻڴ۵ĿҪؼҡ
񣺡ΪСء
ˣҲһʮС˭ºء˿ȣʲôʲôⲻ𣿡
Ĩῴ
ҿǱˣûӳ˵ֵܣ˭۸ң
ֵܡյ
ֻҪԺҲ㡣
գ
Ҳ
ͬѧϵûɶˡ󷽵İɣءȻգȻˣǺҶŸɰǺɶģҿ϶ܵġֲԼܡ
ΪԭЩζҲҲûʲôˣС
˵ɶ
ģմ
ãͺãģɶΪ˸˻˺أ
˭˭Ϊ˳ˣյ
ţ
ü
ˡյͷȻּһ䣬ҿ϶ҪسǵġҰֿ϶ܰŪȥ
Сʵָʲôģôͣ
ҰֺǸֳĸҪǱ˾ٱˣңҿ϶硣
ӴǸøλء
ҰֻװءҲ𣬲ԸġˣҪߡŹߣ׼û
Ҳǻ־ǵεġڵʲô֪
һװģնʱ˵ˡ
װ
˼
ǵҲûˡ
ȱȲˣ˼Ȳˡ˼һǵͷءҲõͷ
˻æʰǳԷˡ
֪Լĳģ
ʳǷ֮ÿԼʳ
ǽҲʳǴӲǱ߷ֹġֻ³Եġ
ΪˣҳԺõ㣬һġԽʳ֪˵㲻
ܳ׷Сˡ
Ȼ׷Сˣ˵ɶòˡ
ر֪˵ŻرһͣҪǻƽʱ׷ǳԲϵģֻܳͷֱɫ
׼뿪ʹڳԡ
ỹҪȥأûҪʱ䡣
극֮ͺкҪȥ̽ס
һݣͶһ䣬һ߰
ǰү嶼ߡͦӵģԺ˵
ǾϲǿãԺ߾Ͳᱻ۸
ҡͷ̾Щûˣ֪ʲôءˣвģ֪Ǽʲô𣿡
Ҳ˽⣬ͦͦƢġ
үأ
ҲðɣΪԵʣסǱˡͺǰݡ
ͨ߸Ϣٴ˽ϼҵǡ
ү̴Ȩ䣬ǼŮҡֻǸҶ䡣ƢɩǸʵˡڶ硭ţʹӳҶӹϵӳҶϲŮͬ־ˡýҶҲǸǵġСõǸӡ
Ȼף̫⡣
ֻҪ֢ҩײ⡣ҲǱϵģҪȻ߾û
ͿӳǸӣͲĲ֣һҵֵظũͱи
Ÿү׼һ·ռߡ
Ȼǰݡ
ݡȻǰӱȺӿһЩ
룬ûǰݹֱݲǱȥ
ռûͶһһԷˡ
̾öϱ̫ˣԴж֮ڼֱɽһˣܲҲǸɴڳ֮󣬺ͷһԼˡ
ƽʱʳɶģһҲҪǣԼҲܸɵ֣аͷֵʳŶӡ
ǰݵҲиӦԼ̹
˭ʹأûã˼ŵĶ
Ҫϴ󡭡ˣǸǡ
ү̣ڼ𣿡
ռǰݣм仹иСԺӣھվԺſں
˭Ҷ
̳ҾߵүүүүŲ񡣡
㻹ŸɶȥͷӡҲֻүүˡ
үү
үүһͿˣһûϳǡ
үү񼤶ĺһ۾ˣ߽ˣүүҰҰ
˵үүҲǸ߸ݵģվǿǳүүˡϵľѶһഫġһһˡ
ŮүүҲˡ
ɶˡˣʵŮ
̣ҿɼˣ񼤶ˣðǹ⡣
̺үү˵ˡ
ǻû뵽ⱲܿӼҵĺӡ
ǲǴӣǱ˵ĺˣǸϼҶ
˵ˣֻڽӴ׵ġ֮󣬾ٲˡ
ˣҲ⹷
ﲻҶӣ˼ҽվǿ
ӲӲүүЩΪѡ
̲Ҳţʵ̣ǲҰֵʵпԵģһҲ֮ģҪȻҸɶ߰ڵĸλܸҰŵλġ
⻰үү̶Ųȥˡ
ٺޣҲԼĲϵɡ
ҽڣֻûҵʵĽڶѡ
Ůô˵ˣ̾Ͱɶԣ
̣۽˵ǰ˵ҪǻҰ֣ˡΪվǿҺõɡ
˭ڻҪֵŦϵءðɡ
үүҪúӽݰɡ
̾ÿ˵ɡ
龫ϣҰصظģǱ߻ӣ·ģҲãҸ͹
ϵĶֻˣ龫Ǻö⿴еġ
̣㲻֪龫ҰֶǴ˺þءʵҰҲùЩܺü尾
ʵɶü尾ġ
զ尾أҰһֱϼҵǣҰܻ֪˶֪Ұֵﶼ˵Ұжİ˵˼׷ģϼǱߣŻȥһСءȻǱߵүүǲģǿοҰ֣ǣҰԼܰϾԿηһɲģ챻ָű˵̹
Щˣ
Ӵ̣ͷ˭˵л˼һ˵Ҳһֻ͵ܡ
Ǳүүˣ˼˵ĸˣ˵ҰڰүүˣڿԻǣ˵ǿ϶͵ء˵˵ⲻǴҰӲϰҲǣǿԼҲ
ޣ
ܿˣˣˡ
ǰ磬Ұ־ͺ˵ˣ磬ǱүүҵģҪǱߴڽӴġռңҪТǵġҲҪզأǿү̣ԿʲôֻҪܺһ𣬸ϣ⡣
үүĶ۾ġ
úӣˣɵдŻ˵һ͵ˣТֲûչǡ
ٶĻȵءܲЦۼǲǣһǲõ֤֤үǻӣӶТ˳ǡ
̱˵ͳֽһֱᡣ
үүҲ̾οӻˣˡ
㣬󣡡̲˵Ĵһ¡
үү
лҪ˵


8 
񼸾仰ռڶǸ̳ȥĴ۵Ĳˡ
ΪӣֻܰתӵӻТ˳ǵСŮˡ
һģӿ̳ġ
ǿɲҰ˵үѺÿĶˣ
ǿɲҪȻҲˡǿ𣿡
һԺֲֹÿ
үүҲСʱ۶İɡ
ֺ˵һЩվǿСʱ¶
񣬡Щûˣڹզ
ɣôǵɲģܳԱﺢӶ࣬ҲͦġȿˮҪǮҪƱ
ǿǷǮˡ
ҰԼÿ࣬ǵǡⲻ磬ҸǴӪƷ
ȻСʮǮТǣҶⲼˡ
̸Ͻװ龫ĲȻʮǮ
զﰡ
ⲻǲҪЦŵ
̲ãǶＷѪǮһԵ񣬡ûȥûȥ֣߲Ժȵģǡҹĺء
ǵţҰЩûТ˳ǣ걶ТġǱүү˵׶ӲТ˳ĸģǶĶ
̾ͽˣҲ᲻ûԺŰټˣܸȥ
Ǯźãʵ̣Ҷأզûûˣ
үүһĬǿЦסǰݣҺүүס߰
ɶûסһ𣿡һߵĿǰݣզûסһأѹ·ʱ˼ֻ˵סߡһĥŶסһءҰҲ˵СˣҪ֪Сûסһ𣬵öൣİ
˵
̵
һǸТ˳ĺӣҿɲƭҰ֣Ҫ֪жָܰɲˣֵТ˳ǡ
˵˭Ҹɲֵɶõģడ̿ɲˣҰΪҲסҲ⡣
үүʹˣϲ徲
§̵ĸ첲Ǿ֪οңҪһĸˣ˭Ұ֣϶˵ɶҲǵסġĳǱϡء
̱˵Ц⺢Ӿͻ˵
˵ﻰ˵ˣ˵ҲŲҡ
̵ǿɲǳԵαǳԵ׻ࡣֵصģҪүүءⶼΪۻþãö֪࣬ɶɶɶ׳Կ
Ժ󰡣ռү̾͸ҵˡ
ԺǳɣԺɶǣ϶Կ
үүϰ鱻ŮôģҲЦӯӯģϴŮ̵ĺá
ʵˣǲҪиǼ氡û׼ɶΪûּء
˼
ɶ׼ֱӵϴֲǷǵģ׼
ûжԱû˺ϴҲ꣬˼һ͸ǮӪƷġٿ϶ˣ˻֮Ϳʼˣܣ˵ǮˣʳҲĿۿġǻͷӻᣬ϶˼ޣŪ˸Ľ
νԶ̫̫ԡ϶ɶɶɡ
ǰֻ϶ԸգЩֻܲԼԼˡ֪ϴ󻹵ǣѡˣɲ³ɺ޵Ķ
ͷӣ϶ҵĺ
үүվԺﳯǰݺһвİϽ
вһҸճΪ˶࣬ʰѾŸʰ׼ˮϴأݺˡ
Ȼ°ڷɶ¶ҲҪӦһģϾû׵ַ
һӵ̫ߣ̫ߵ֮󣬶סˡ
òˣ׼Ǵ󲮼ҵĹŮ
⻹ͦģԼˡ
°ֱӱɫ
裬ɶ˰զʲô˶
ϡأ⻰ͺˣô˵ģɲˣҵСŮŮ
󷽵վǴкﺰɩӽܵܡ
ռҵҲ
˵ʵڵģһͦүүģҲ˵رİ
Ҵ۾˹˹ĵģһͦʵģ˼˵ĳ۶ӡ
ҶｿţȫҾһŮ첻µزµӣ񺰽㣬͵˭㰡ҿû󲮡Щ׵趼أǡ
žүүֱӣˣ˵ûĶզģ
вɪһ¼
°Ʋˡ֣ǼҶ⻰ûЩɶǼвĸϵġ
ֱӱ֣ƨǰѺͰˡ˼˵ǼТ˳ӣЩһֱǣЩϱĶ
вľͦԩǣҪˣҲǡ
̣ޣ㳤Ǹ忴ϲŹ֡
вģ
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үү״ɨѾҪ׷ȥŵвĸˡ
񰲾Ŀһ־磬ռҲͦġ̳ȥĶӻûˣߵҲТ˳ǰˡ
û£ǻүү̰СӸġ
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̻ǣûЩĻǿŭǸõģЩǸû¶ҽѵǣίˡ
̣ɶίںҾүүκӳ󣬱Ҹʱ⣬զأҰ֪˸öѹˡǱүүڵʱҰɶġ˵泤ҪȻ˼Ҫ˵׵ĺûƷ
ָжˣǸõġ
̣ҪҸҰдŰɣչǡ
һ⻰үү̶ˡ
ⶼȥɲˣɶ
֣ǧ𣬲ܵ¶
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˿ӣ̣סﵹνҿǸӣܲϲԺ˵ɡȻȥˣһҪϹˣǡ
Ҳ˵ɶˡ
ίˣռǾñ϶棬־öԲӡ
˵ʵڵģȻ⺢ûզദӾϴ󰡣ϴôТ˳ôίǲܶϴãȻǿɾϴŮ 
ϴŮˣΪǣǾȻ⺢ί
İ
֮£϶ҼӣһȲ⺢Т˳ġ
˶Աȣ̫ĵҪռҶֶŮֹҪסɻɶĶҪһѣЩ񣬶϶ҼȥŸɡԺиǱ˵˵Ūøλ
ͷӣ۵϶˵˵ίҪȻܡ
үүϽţҽϰˡ
߸˵Ļ֪㡣
컹ǵһ죬İ¶ˣúɡ
Ҳ˳Ȼֻү̣Ҫˣռ˵ǷΧ֮ڡ
ܿǽҲҪܣҲһˡ
֪㣬鳤û˯ˣŷĵݣˮϽϴ˯ˣ׵¶զˣ
ͦõġлл㰡㡣ĸм
ڱ˵Ķϧá
ǶСʹ󣬶չ˵㡣ЦЦϽϴ˯ɣ컹Ϲأ֪Ƿʲô
šͷݾͶϴ
˸裬ɾ·ڴϡ
սһ챼Ѿ˯ˡ
ջ˵λ֣ҪسˣҪسˡ
лҪ˵׵һһúôõģǸˡ
⻰èףè߶£𣿸ҹˣܶèûҹҲǲߺԶˣ᲻һأ


9 
˯֮вļﻹ˸ͥ顣
˳°ͬ־ͥԱǸݡ
裬ү̿϶Ҫġ˵ˣݰ
°Լ֮ǰûСӷŸӣɵԺǲҪţ㿴֪࣬һɶɶģʱ򻹲ǿǣ
û˵϶Ϊ͵УϣԼϹأզܰ˸ɻأǲܵġ
ϴ˵ɶҶġ
Ҷ֣ϣ
Ͷˡ
вĿ˿ȣǰǱߡ
вģǲϣڳ˶ӣֵڹŮ
вӡֳĬ
ռһ´˾ݡжԶԶմϱߡ
ڶһ磬֪߶ˡ
ΪǸչԲġ
Լų㳤䣬ջȹʱ˸ۣС찡Ͻһɻ㡣
յڼﶼУҲС졣
СǳƣСǹϵ׽
գ
ر𽻴ˣͰѶˡ
˵ǽʲôѽ
϶ֹǸӦò̫ءУߣǿҲҪˣں͵ϵõ
ŵĵͷ
鲻ԸĻȹӡ
˵ԷŴҶ㳤䣬˿ˣԽ
Է̫Ҳûʶˡ϶ڣҲǼʶ
֮ǰߴа˸Ů֪ࡣ
ͬһϴ㣬ѾҪ͵˽ˡͰߣ⻹ʣġ
˶ͦ
ǿ쳳ܵλˡ
εŮӳȷʵƯٱȲޣʺģŮζҲת
ܵһλͬһġ˳ĺ෴ԡ
ǲ˽⣬Բ׼ìܵС
к֮һ˾һȳǱȥ
ռʹַΪСӡ
ÿСӶ߰ʮˡ
֣øȻǸСӳռҵ˳үү̣Ǹ棬ǿһۡ
ҲСӹܣǴֱӹܵġɻĵطҲǵֿġһΪԱǾ֪ɻУȡ
ڷʳҲ֪ఴ֪Ĳ֡ʮ֪࣬ҲһСˡ
ڴȳ棬ҲЩ֪ǡ
ĲһЩ֪Ѿ͵صСͬˡȻָͬò档һƤںڵģЩֲڡէһֲ֪໹ǱС
мģҲ˷˪
ҲĴЩġ
ǿߡ
Ů֪棬Ů֪඼ԵȻʧɫ˺ڿ۾ģҲȥˡ
֪Ϊũ߶ò˳أԼ͵ĻܸɣȸȥݡҲչˣлɵġ
Ŵһµء
иҹŮӻˣҲʵˡ
˶㶼ء˼ˡֲŮ
иһӣ֪ȥɻ
Сʲô˵ˡ
ҾӦҪôһģѧˣԺ󡣡

⵱Ȼǳ滰ũ壬ɲ͵ģҪɵʵµġ͵ķӶǣɳһҵҪ¿๦ũ壬벻ľֵأöũԼ˽⣬ΪԺ׼
Ҳһ𡣡
㲻ˣȻѧҲС
ͦ˼ģʵҲЩ¸ũ
ԼԾɻֱĲˡ
նˣ֮ǰΪ῿Źϵ͵׼һء˼򣬹Ȼ߰ѹ˵֪ѧѧ¡
ߣѾˡ
ҲӦøɵĻϾء
Цŵ罨裬۲¿ۡ
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̾ЩҲǾѧˣôֶʵԱǱ߲Ҳࡣߵĵؾǲʡ
а
ʵܶطѾȱʳˡ֮ǰָҵǸʡũǱߣʳʡ˼ǳԲ껹ܹӦȫߵĵֵʳܽڵġ
ûֵģ
ҡͷǶ˵ʲôǾʲôԼҲֳʳͲˡ
Ӹһյأ׼ָôũߣͷһȻѾĸˡٶȻЩǻģġ
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ڿ죬Ӻã˼ߡ
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Ϊ˽ϼңҲѧһЩ֪ʶġ
ĵһ뷨ϼǱʡ֮ǰҲҪõóֵĶũ˵ڿƬسԷûĳ·ˡ
ܸǹɹĻҲҪⱾʺϸǳ
˼ҸǾƳҪˮãʳƷҪвõũڿƼ̫Զˡ
ϼǱҪɶûɶһƬôأǲͣȫʳֵǮ£ûɶرġ
ԵʱŸ㸱ҵֲũƷȥôӵ룬ȻũƷʺϻǳӡֲӹһߡ
ȻطˣгҲһˣʵҲ˶ٵġ
ȫڳһֵһЩʵũȻЩũ滻Ǯ˵ڹʳ㣬һССռʹӵʳǳ˻ġ
һĥЩȥˡ
ȻˣҲЩˡ
ֻԼ̯¶û˳ҲûɶȨǵ˵ȨܸЩ
ò¹ӹҲ۵ĲС
ҲǺˮŻҳԭ׾СԵЩǱ
֪Ǹ˵Ĵſ뿪أŮ֪ǵ֣Է˳Էˣʲô
һ΢ģũߡ
߰ɣһҪˡ
УǱҲġ
֪ˡ
һ㣬ǡ
ͬһ֪ࡣǿҪˡҳˡ
Цŵϲ
ЦЦɶϲģԺءǶ֪࣬ûûģӶûסġԺ󻹲֪զأͬģҲû취ô꣬׼޸ˡУҲǺùˡ
ͬ־ôڷŬԺҲЩҲԽԽ𣿡
ϣɡ̾˵һ䣬ԶǳķԼԿ൹ǲ£ºҲũ壬ԺҲֵءһӣûС

·ϣˮϴֺ׼ʹһ֪Ǳ߳Է·ˡ
ѾʮˣʵϸɲɶũˣԲ¹ƽʱүүȥţڼŶ㹤֡
񿴵̵ʱ̻˴ҴҵĺЩ¹Ա졣
߽ˣһ䣬ŲǰأǼТ˳أŹģϵġ
ԭô°
ԱһԵϵӡ
ٽɲǻţҼǴɲŮȥﲻȥطԿࣿǶΪǡǿˡ
ȻԼĿڴﻹǮˣﻹɶ龫ǺöسǶûء˭ҶӸˣ
ǻûУģҲû
龫ǮǳΪ˲׵ͬ־ʵТ˳֤ݡ
׹ŮŻˡ
ѹ컹ֹأ˵զŮ֪ˡ
˵ģҲ̫ˡ˵ͨˡ
̡
һ߹ȥ
̴ȺһԼұŮˣһЦݣǼ¹ӴιиĵĹӣզô۸С޵ģɶػˡܰһĻ𣿡
ָߣҲ˵ɶҲ˵ӳĻ
ЦŵԼҪģӳչأԼɵԼԺүү
̸жˣⱲӾû˵ôĻ
жϡﻩġ
˰ɣ˰ɣǼථ¡Ȼܣ񰡣ˣɶĳһֵġ
ĸ̵Ľܺţúãá
һѵݣȥؼҳԷȥȥ֪ԡ
ðɣզܳǵĶء
զˣһˡүүûȥ㲹һҲҪԷģһ֡
ũǴ¶ϾƽʱƱǲģֻܳԵ⡣
֪ƱǶˣһûȥġλҲ̫ˡ
ӼᶨҪռү̶ȡܼҴȨˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ
ǰ漸ŮһӴ־͵䣬ʵ˼ҿǻϣˣͿɵꡣ


10 
Ϊһٷүү̿ǻ˴˼ˡҪ֮ǰƢǾԲ϶ҵĳԷġ
βһҲ֪϶ҵϱһʱ˵ֲͨǰӣԸɴһһԶٺõģȻͺף¶Ҳ͹ȥˡ
Ϊүү̻װһЩ龫صȥͶӳϱƱûȥسŶӸأóԼʮ˰գһһˡ
񵽵ʱ򣬾Ϳϰ衣
вһҲ½½ĵˡζһʿˮ
̿ĲҪҪģò档ڳŮǰûӡȻҲû˵ɶЦк³Է
Цźˡ
ռûһӦġ
̾Ͳˣôģûأ
вĺͳ°û˵Ҷ˭أǼûݡ
үүֱӣ˵һ飿
ûݡҶɲ£Ǽﵱҵġˡ
ˡ
Ͻοռϣү̱Щˣһͺί
̾ÿİ
СŮǳӲТ˳Ǯ龫ģôũ˵ˣҪ϶һô
ؼǻԼ档ֿûӡ
ֱָвģ϶㲻ܹܣ
裬զܰв˵ĿԼϱ
°ֱͦⷹԲ԰
ˡͷӣǴȥҴȥԷţ඼ǳԵġ
үүֱɨˣռ˼״Ͻܣռ϶ǴԼҨһ£žˡ
ռ֮үүɫˡ
̶Ҫˡ
Լɾˡ
ԼĶͷǳԷˣôһ񰡣ίˡ
̣ҲίҾǿүүѹĨһ۾̣Ҿ ұҰְִ绰֪ҰְǾȳӡ
ɶǧְ֪һɲզ찡̶ʱżˡ
ͷϵʵҰֻˣҪǶ˭۸ǣֻҪǺݵģʹ˻ʰЩˣǱ۸Ұֿװ쵼ֵºöء
̰֣˭۸ǰ
Ҷ۸𣬵С棬ǵҿžܡǻǳԡǰǱүүڵʱ򣬶Ұźġɶʱ
үүűҶŮӣҲĿƵûš
һˣСԽĲǵˡ
ߵҪǴԺ棬ҶģͱʰһˡǶû˸ҲТ˳ĸТ˳Ҫץȥᡣ
̵Ҫץȥ
ͷ԰ǴԺ棬Ҫ֪˭ҶϱТ˳ģĳ濪˿ˣԺ岮Ǿ͵ðӽһ٣֪˭ǵҵģ
үүʵ˻ܽѵԼˣԼҵԼҹ
զɰү̣˭ϵʱܶʱ򻹺˵ڴϲܶˣһϱТ˳զأ԰ǴԺ˶֪˭ҲТ˳ģԼ˾ͻü׳ȥ˽ѵТӣһ˭ҶҲˡҲʹһκݵģסѵˣԺһҺͺġǳﰡϰסϿТТ˳ҴСġ
ȻûТ˳ˡ
үүǲԼҶӣ
Ǳи˵˭ҶӲģִ򲻻Ӷˣﻹ۸ɶӴ˻иТ˳ӣ򣬾ͳûˡ
ռϾˣ̾ӴιǰզûġҲû
治ĲĵضҲ֪ǺǾġǱ߶ôɣϡ档еӵȥٱԼְֲТ˳үүأ˻ѵԼ̣֡զأԺܶˣɲũ²˵ضҪҶǻɶָһҰֻڳǣԶģҾ̲ס֪ࡣҲΪѡ̣ܡһ̻
𼱱𼱣롣̰Ȼ˿үүүүҲ˿
ʹˣ֮⣬µľǶŮТ˳ˡضȻҲвТ˳ӣڴ϶˯ˣҲû˵չһ¡Ķɴ϶ء
û취˭ŶϱТ˳ء
үү̾Ǽ϶ҾǲТ˳Ķϱˡ
˵ļͥ˵ԺϵĲܶ¶Ǿͷֲˡ
ܶʱ򣬻ܶšͼ徻ɲܶʱզ죬ⲻǻָ϶ҵչһ£
ָˣŮ涼ɫǵԼǳˣӡ
Ůܶ졣ϵĲܶˣֻµʱڴ϶Ҳûᡣ
۾̣ˣһӲˣźүϡԺܿࡣ
զأ
Ͳͬˡ˭Ůڼź˵ġ
ģҺү϶ģ廹ǻġ
Щŵӡ
ţͷ֪ˡ塭϶ҵġҺô裡
ðɡǿͷ
ĲˣûΪ϶ûˡŮļͥλˡ
˳ˡ϶Բ꣬ԾСӷ˵˴󲿷Ϻԡʱ÷ˮҲܼš
үүûζûԶ١֮Ϲԣ˳˯ˡ߷㡣
ԷУסˡһҲΪίˡ
Ǹңңһͷ֪˭ҡ
Ȼү̵ң
үү̵ң̵ҡ
үүá
죬Щ졣
֪˭ˣүүһһ
ǻͦġ
֣ҪһϱҲˡãű˵ͬ־ˡ
񻹵Ϲˡָ϶ҵܰһأڿ϶ҵҲָˡ
ᶨ˽ѵ϶ҵľˡ
뵱꣬Ҳռҵĵˣ˵һġ
ҪǱϱȨˣҲùˡ
ܶԼƼҴȨ˭һֱϱѹһͷء˵ˣҲû취ˣû˵ˣҲˣϱôᶨĵĲ񰡣ôﻹ񽻴
˵۶ӣǲ۵ģӶˣʲôִͳһ˭Ҳӵģ
϶ģ͸ó鼸١Сʱǿʣһųˡ
ԵϹֱ֮̾ӳˡ
үүҪԼȥѵɡ
ѵƨŹµ˻һ䡣˾ˣԶҲ²ֵ֡
ݲ㣬Ͳˡ
үүǻ˵Ӻá
лҪ˵ôôգл


11 
̻ЩСǻ۵ģȥҶӳС¶Ʋӳҡ
ӳһֵģࡣӳﻹҪꡣΪǶĶӳԶӳĻԼԺྐྵӡ
ˣͦ飬в裬á˵ǼϴզţҾһ䣬ûզء
̾ͰѴڳΪѣίȻΪТ˳ǣСŮТ˳ǵ¶˵һ顣
ǶӳͶܷżˣӴҵӴⶼģ
ҼˣǼٵģҼǳϢܸŮָõططܿࣿ˵ˣضɶôֲǲ֪Ҽ϶ТĹɶϴǱȲˡ
ӳȰϾ϶һֱء
զ˵һγ󣬻ϱءǷǵģҼϴ󰡣ûԼٷǻǡ
ӳôһûͦеġ
ӷϣССĳ
̲˲۾ֱŶӳ֣Ͻ㣬ðҽѵѵҼ϶
һͷȥ˵˵ȥӳ
˵ãᣡ̵

̾Ͱ֮ǰ˵ЩǽѵТӵ¶˵ˡ
ӳһû뿪ӣ¶ϡĲˡ
̵һ밡ǳ˴˼Զ˭ⷨӣЩТϱ˼ңѼѹһͷһӣôԽԽþ˭Ҳ׼۲ܶʱ򣬲ͷֱɴϳˣһϯɽˡ
˵¶ӳﻹͦꡣӺܶڼޡԼҲôһ졣
ȻԼҶи
ȻڹĻɣǰɣڼҲûɶ˵ȨϾǶӳɲˡ
˼ڳﵱɲأôɵġԼզͲأ
Ͻ㣬ӿǴɲǸɲ裬¶ôͷǸùܹˣѧֱһѣͷ׼ûҪֱȥұˣǲɨϽӡ
ӳˣһɲɰ
̵զˣ˭Ҷӣ˭⣡
ӳһİƣȥȥ
жӳǣͷջ̾ҵͬˡ
ǿûЩТӵļˣרĿǰȻѹϱ̫̫
ϾܽʹĶӡ
¹ԱǶĨźˮ߸˵Ļؼң׼Ըú˯һ
һ۵ģ˶ֱˡ
вĻԼҵһ
϶Ūһͳ˸ζúȡϧϵ̫ƫˡ
̾˿ĥŻȥǲҪ͵͵ȥǱ߿ûأԼſڣͿˡ
̫̫鳣߻м̫̫
Ȼ̫̫߻վŶļϸ硣
⼸̫̫ͦأòС򳤱ҵĶǺвͬһֵֵܡͦ
вĺͳ°ǿסˣ°ɶǼҸɶء裬Ҳһ˵ϾͲǱݡ
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ӳӻֶ֣֡
вһһĪûŪ״
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вɶʱ򾭹ֱ̰໽С
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СûôǰˣǼı趼Ҳá˭ô
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ʵҲˣɸոտЧˣھͲˣҲˣӳ飬ʹʹ˾ǵġﻹ˵źݻһһӣɾôһˡҪļޣǾһ˵ˡļˣҲҵˡ
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һֱŵүүҲӺˡͦ顣
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ӲҴģզˣҪ

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ûãͳɹˡ춾

вĶүүˡ°
̵ⶼ̵̫ˣû˰ҵء

ڿеˣǰҲֻ϶ҵġֻţڿɲһˣТ˳ĴӣТ˳СŮһϽðģɶˡҪġ
ֱӲզģǻҪֲвġ
вģ
үүȰ⣬ող˵ϼզֳˣ
϶ϱҪ֡ǵ˰˱Ѫùôϱ
°ˣ׼죬вĿͰ͵衭
үүҲ˿ȣɶǲ˻ʣµҪһԣ˻ȥԷ
ķԸϱȥݶ˲ȥԷۼҽһԲһ£ҲһԺϼ֮զӡ
ϱɿ˿ԼţҶ
զˣ⵱̵˵㻰ˣ
°ȥ
ȥˡ
ָɵ㿴˼ϱҲѧѧ
°Ʋ


12 
֪ߣȥԷ
Цˣֽʡһˡ
Ÿ̹ˡԺɲǵÿԼ
ˣ֪Ľѡ
֪㣬ͿСˡ
ռ˶ĲͻС߸ݵģеүүԺҲеơ
Ц
ĵͷ㡣
Ӧһǻдҵҵ˵͸ģһֱûᣬ´θ
ֲ˼ˣЩڴϾǳıʼǱ϶һ
ֺզ㺰ҡ֪𣿡
šͷ
̫ˣ𣿡
˼˵ˡȻûһĻǿӣҲµˣ֣ȻǿӦɶ
ôôãǲ˵ˡҪ֪˿϶ѹ
Ȼû˵ǴıµһЩˡ
뵽˵Щ͸п̹Ȼռһ֮Чʸܸܵġ
ռңвѾԼʰˣٿǱҲֶŮǰеӡ
Ѿ˲ˡ
õĲˣֻҪһȣֽȲ˱ͷ򵥵ˡ
ռһԲԲΧһˡ
Ϊ֮ǰôһռɫÿֻүүЦк
װ֪˵ү̣ǽˣ
ǿɲۿһˣԲвģ
вģš
˵̣ԭ˵Ķģ
ɣ嶼ˡ̾ýرӡŮǰסһˡ
³Է
̿ôҳԷռ˶Ҷų°
һ壬϶ҵģҪи
°ɡ°ҧǲˣӻء
һ³Էүү̸вˣӻţͽ˸ǣȸСӳԣҰ˵ˣǼϣ
ǵõӣ̵ֺӵ룬ãҲǹáСá
6չ4ϽһȻȥһ߶š
Ҷ죬װ
һӡϲԸ
Ҷ
Цſ˿ңʵܺʹһԷˡҰֳ˵͵Ǽݡ
°զˣڳӣЩݡ
զ˵ԼأũٵġҰֳ˵Ҫܻ廻ڳúãѣߵĹѰҴүүߵʱˣ˵һӣôС뿪ˣȥһİĵطܺù𣿶ǻɲ̫ƽ
ˣǵҲΪáүүС죬Ǵ߿϶ϼҺá
Ұ֪ǡǻҴүүߣӹҲǱҲûɶݣҰǱĵĶûرҴүүߵ磬ֻܾĿԼòװˣŮҲߣһӶزȥˣҪɹ¹ˡҶ壬үүˡһԲԲġ
˵ЩвĶԴЩҲһЩ ɶ֪ҪԼһ˺ǲߣǲӴĹһ޶ûС
°һǿԼǸӣҲ˵ɶ
ٿ࣬ǿ϶ǳӺá
̺үүٴΰ̾ġ
˿ЦںˣҲڴҰֺˡһԲˡ
ͷۼҿ϶ԲԲġ
극֮үү̾ȥලԼҶǰѺǵŸˣԺųǹη˲ùˡ
Ҷģɴ˼ҡ
ռΨһĶϱҲ˳
°뿴񣬸ɴŵſȥˡЦҲȥ
ңˡ
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֪ǵռˡ˵ʵڵģûɶռġҰٲһڳԵģڸɻǻ治ãŲţҾͲµˡ
°ߵ뿿磡
ƤҲǳˣҪ㰡϶ͲҿҴ磬Ȼҿ϶ǲ῿ģҿһСӳܶɶã
°˭ƤǳˣΪֺ̣š
㻹ƤǳԼ㼸ӣĸϢˣ˵磬һСӳԺܲ߶һһСӳɶãµظɻ𣿶粻˵ˣҶǸᣬСܣСͦãǸѧϴѧϴѧҲֵء
°㲻Ҳֵ𣿡
ұȣТү̵ģָɶʱͻȥˡúҳȣһξˣһѧˣԺǾӸɲ͵λ쵼
ɰѳ°ˣиõ
ǣҲһô󲮣˵Ҫ㣬ҾͲôҰڳҸָ©©û׼͸ıǵˡҪ㰡ҾͳҰڶҶĴΣɾ취μﺢӡĲ˵ôСŪѧȥˣҲǲܵġҿҲǸˣ͸Ժӣﶼ泯죿ԲԲ⣿
°žЩޡ
ΪɶôϴҵģΪϴҵڳô꣬ûϼһݡ
Ҫôһӱ䲻Ļ˸ֶŮҪǡ
Թ
ܵңҲǴҰĵˡ
ҰûУһܽﵱ˵˼еġҪȻҲС
ָżиϢġ
ⷬòЩҡ
ۼ㻹ǣ
ʵ˵ɣûദûɶ顣ҸǶҺãҿ϶ҲǺõġ˵ĸ鶼ǴġҲǸʵˣилرҲǶġǶɶ̬ȣԺզӡҸҽզദ˰ɡҪһͿɾְɣûɶӰ졣ҰָǮ̸Ұһܹı˭ҲǼһѡﶼݣ˭أζӳңǼǿҪǿү̷ϣǺǡ
°
ŮӾ
лҪ˵ôôգ


13 
ΪˣʺϰңҲҪȥ֪Ǳߺʹ˵˵Ծٰᡣ
ҲúʣǱ߿˶Ҳסˡ϶ҵİӺúʰʰѬݵѬݣϸϳӣٰĴҲһ¡
̻ĵ֪ȥ
ˣռϾæڼʰˣвĸӶԼȥˡ
߱߻ֹίˣúõĳޣסݣҪ˵סźáҪҶ̫ˣҵ۸һ˯Ҷݡ
˵Ļƫ۶ƫ֨ˡ
Ҷֱҧ촽ˡų°ĸ첲裬ۼס㲻˵ҪǽˣָԺ鷳ء
°ƵģʵѾ˵ˡ
ϾһǾǾˡ
ռĿǰ״ԣҪıˣֻһˡ
°ҲиϢĺӣһ£ϺӰ
Ը̡̻ռϱʱ򣬲Ҳ𣬵ĶǶˣͳͷˣ
ҲҪţȺǳϢˣˡ
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Ҷ󱻽ѵҰ֣ء
°Ѿͷǵôġ
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Ҷ˵ϲǻˣҲûɶ°
ͦģҲ˵ڣֻ죬ǣ
ʱɡ
˶ð£ռҼ˺ܿͰǱߵĿշʰˡ
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˼ҹŮһ˯һҲ١ҲռŮٵļͥˡ
ʰ֮̾ͷԸ¹֮Ū㰬ݻѬһѬٰݶޡ
һ̣бҪ˯ƽʱö컹úȥء
Դһ£ĳĶȥɶڼҰ¶ɺãҪȻҲ˻һ١
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ڱˣ㱳ˡ
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㻹˵ûС˵ԼСܵԴ裬㿴첲ա
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裬֮ǰɲô˵ġ
вĶҪĵˡ
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Ҷǣ˽ȥţ磬㿴զ°һΪ϶Ҫ˽զǺء
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ҶǼֵûָġһҲ
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вܳϱɶʱôùⶼΪ̫ѵˡҾ֪ﻹҵġҽ챻ۡҪҿϻء
°˸ͱ˯һˣûš
вģ
֪ߣҲʰÿ춼ҪϹֻʰһ㣬İѶʰãʱҺðᡣ
ն᲻
յҪ߰Ǻãðȡ
ߵ·ߵֲԶÿɻǶܼ𣬶ǲ˯ˡǲҲ
ĵûɶ᲻㡣ܺסһҲá
ЦҲΪչү̡ʹˣסĽ㣬Ƕ˵˵
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Ҫ˱˼ңŲôµء
ڶ֪߳緹Ҳ˵ԼҪߵ¶
Ҷûɶ֪ݿʼǾ֪ôһġ
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ЦɶҪæ𣬵ʱһᶫ
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ҲúЦ˾ͺͻජƵģ˭и紵ݶܵһ֡
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˵̾ҰԺҲܲˣҲںͶ룬Ǹɲֿ⵱鷿סҪ뵽ˣҲðᡣҰˣ֪ߵ¶ҲܲˡϾ֮Ҫܼ¶˲ߡ
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֪أﰲŰɣҲǸò¡ܹܲܡҲ硣Ȼǿ˵㣬ҪˣӲС
֮ǰεԣĵҪ֪鳤˿еˡ
λԼҲ
ԭ˵ĹģڻˣԼ鳤ˣԺ¶ˡ
ʵզ𣿡
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˿ԱߣС¹һߣҸ⡣ӵ¶Ҫ磬бʡ
æһȻ˵ͷ
Ҫб˰æǿ϶ġ
ҲԺ˻ס֪㡣ԼķҲԼĸ
˴ȳռˡ
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ȻûۿҲϢ˵вıʰˡ
ʰĻͦġ
񻹺ͳֶŮйأΪвĲֶŮ̫̫ˡ
һη˺ݣֱӾ˳׶ˡ
׼أռǲǵŮ鷳
òĺһСҪ̨¡
°ҲǸ첻ߣܵҵŮҲеǻ۵ġ̨ˣҲ˳ЦŵͷȥԷ
æ֪Է㣬ȰȥˣҾͲˡ
°ҲСҵʱ˵һȥæ
ϡ
ռʹӵԱǣ
ûû֣ȥԷвϱˣ
Щ˾뵽һٴ
Ҳ̫ˡ
һپͱ˸Ƶģ
ѲⲻТıһپТ˳ˣ
ЩֹЩǲҲѧѧ


14 
ȻǸӣѾϰˣԼƺЧʣҲûôܡ
պ͸ҲӸǱ߱ˣΪһθɣܲӦԼָͷˣڵޡ
Ů֪Ǹָͷο޵ĸѹˡ
Ǳ£ʲôʲôÿ޵ģ˭ôġ
֪඼û˵ʲôϾҲʵҪϰġ
ôΪָѪˣȥ﹡Ϣ
ǺҪѧܲһֱϢ
Цŵû¶ԺܸɱĻء
ұĻɣû
ЦУ˰ɡ
ȰأҪôߡ
ӣҲˣתɻ
ǿֽɻˣֻ֪ʶӵ
վ﹡ϸжĲˣ˵˵İˡ
֮ͺˡ
ΪҪȥҴӳ˵ûɶġ͵͵㣬ҸߣҲûܰģǱ߻һЩǺͲϣȥӳϱ¶ͼһЩ
ǵһθ¶ŵ⣬ⲻðɣ˵ˣĶ
˭ĶһԺͷԣˣٻҾǡӵĻ᲻డһզ졣ܵ˽Ĵ¶ǲǣұȥ˵˵ɶģţô磬϶˵ʹֱӸʵڡ
ô꣬ûʵڵ֪ࡣ
ԼʵʵڵİˣȻҲǰǶѣ෽ҲǰĪ֪ҲǶһ㡣
رʱлسϢҾͻ
񰡣治֪զлġ
ЦŵҪˣһи¶Ҫæ
ɶ¶õȰˣûҲа
ŵ뵱֪鳤
˵ģɲǸò¡ҲˣǣҲʱìܣҪ⣬ֺáƽʱҪͷáôŮ֪ҲԸҲҪǿ㿴ſɲǺǿˣզҲ
㣬Һ˵˰ɣɵ¶֪£Ϊ˽ũģӦøԼó飬ǸŴһֵءⲻǰæϺȡ鳤ҾҪŬı֪ǵ״
㡭ⶼģЩûô򵥡ũ壬ǳֵܸʲô㿴ǶСѧûСӵСѧʦˣֲǡ
㣬ġ Ҳ
Ϻ;ģҲ֪˵ʲôˣԼѾûˣĥһ㶼ʣˡ
һվԼǰ˵źԼʱһ뷨
һЦУֻҪ㲻¿࣬λҰȡӦò⡣˵ˣǱ߿϶Ҳƫ㡣
ҡͷҪǣڲȻǱˣ֪ҲúҸŵɶ¶öĹϵǸˡ
㿼ǵĺܵ¶ҿ϶İ㡣ᶨ̸ͨⷬӳ졣
㣬ɱΪҰ¶иǶԸġ鳤¶ܰϾͰﲻҲûɶ
Ƕ¶⻹ûġЦ
˻ᣬͰѶø
ˣﻹЩ顣
ʵ¶ȫòЩȥʹӳ˵˵仰ҲܰѴӳ˵ˡ
Ƿ飬ʱȡ͸ԼҲ׵ȥϼߵ顣
ʽ¶Ƿ򵥡
緹վͲ¹ˡ֮ӰˣҪˡѪϻ̡
ҩ඼ûģҪҩֶ࣬Ҫõˡ
ȥҪȥģһˣ¾վҲȥҪȻûԡ
ҲԣҰָҼĶԡյ
֪಻ɻ˼ҵþٱ㡣ͷ㰲Ÿĵطȥ
յɴ۾бĵطΪǼˡ
զû˵ĵطˣһũרŹűٱˣȥֻܱ֮˿Ÿɻֻܺɲôɵġ
ռֱȻ
ȰĻɣẦģҲа
治µظɻؼңء
ͲҲʮĺӶѡҪδҲǸڵ軳ĽŮ
ļ⺢ӻҪˤ򣬲֪һݺùҪԡ
Ȱ⼸죬ˤˣóˡ
̼죬Ҹ취ù
ģЩš
Ȼģǰ취һӾеģҵ롣㻹̼˵
ƭҡյ
ͷšƭС
ǿˣСԺ֪ƭô죬ǸƢ֡
ƭġ⺢ӿ޵̫ˡ
ǲҲѧС޿ޡ
˵ϣ羹ȻûˣʵʵһǸɵȷʵ̫
֪඼ˡ
ȵġ
¹ͱӳȥ˼䣬ȻʱһЦݡ
ʱ򣬻ͷ
֪¶ǰˡ
һûС
иӣֻҪɿھܰ׵öҲΥ涨ǿ϶ǺԥͻӦġ
ΪҪˣȥǱզˡ
˵һ̼Ǳȥˣ뿪֪㣬·ϵС£ͿˣεĻһСӡ
СβߣҲԥӡ
ҲûӣǱ˹ȥ
ˣ˶˹ˣξ͸Ͻˡ
ǸС˫ֲ嶵ûߡ߹ˣһסˡ
Ӵûѽǰ֪ࣿ
᣿ʵˣи߰˷ֵܿˡ
ԼӴʶң
ʹӳĺ񡣡
ʱͦˣȻ۴һȻ˸۾ɫٻܿǸƯġȻκܺãƯﲻӶࡣ
°ͣͬ־ɶ
񡣡
Ǻ֡
лл
ͦɣҪ㻻Ҳ֪ҰǴӳڶ˵Ǻġ
ǲðɣ׷ǹʵġ׵˱˵ı˿ɲá
ûʲôõġЦЦҪͷҳȥߣҴȥתת
ҵûɶԸģҾ㡣
УҿҰΨһĶӣҵġҰǰ˵ɺʹˣ㻻ù׼û⡣ԺسǵĻᣬҲһ仰¶
ҪȥʴӳҪͬˣһȥ硣
ģֻˣοɺֶˡڶûɿأһֱšŵһμء
ͷģȥʰɡ
ˣ㡣ŵֿɹܲ
ĳŵ߸˵ˡ
ıӰһڣ


15 
ռߣѾ극ˣˣ˵ȥ䡣
ѾʰˣˣֱסˡҲˡ
ֻסˡ
㿴˿ʰĻûгˣһɰҶζ
̣
ɶءûƼҴȨʮˬԺͰĵס׼û۸㡣
үڣɶ¡
ִӶǮƱ̣Һ֪ͬ־Ǳ߻ƱǮһ죬Ҫʾһ£ɶģôҳԶٷ֡
⣬ҪǮɶָѣզ죿
Цŵû¶⻹˫ָɻԺ֣һҪʾһ¡үүһ㡣ñ˵ƫġҲҪ֪Ҳзġ
˭˵зҴ˭͡
ЦԼҲ
ǳɣҲЩ˳⣬һ죬뼸֡
ţܵ
ˣ̾ͽǮƱүүүүȥ⡣
˳ȥ֪ͨһ֮ǰŽѵиԷ
үүⲻðɡ
ɶõģ֮ǰ˵õģҲˣɡ˵ˣҲʡһأܲྫ󰡣ųԵˣ˭
˵вǱߣô֮ǰ˼
үүöΡ
̿ɲܣţһδ˾͹˵ģ˶ﱸأɶʱ˻ٴ򡣡
үү
Ȼǲ֪ô
ǵ˳Զٷ֡ҲǸռ߿Լʵǵģһͷ
ʵһʼֱóԼЩǮƱ֮·϶Ӽ򵥡
ֿʽϵֻһöӳϵ̣Ҳι̡
Ҫι̰ǵȡռҴȨ
Ȩɹ˿ءռ˸ˣҺöáܽռҵĴš
ڶûүүͰѴӴϺˡ֮ǰûʹڶϼˣǻȥȣ
̫ס
һһƱɴ۾үⶼģ
үүɶģġ⺢ʵϰ˵ǵһҪҳԶٷ֡ԺҲӺõ㡣һҲֻЩˡĺӰ
û˵ֻƱˡүүˣϽȥҳ°
°ҲˣƱвʿˮ⺢ӻ治ռ۱˰ͦʵϵġ
°죬ɶʵϵİ
Ѿͷء
ǿó˺Ǵ˾ǲһ˼־һƱǼһ굽ͷԲϼ⡣
ʵʵڵİǰĲ࣬ó°ˡ
ռ˵û°ô࣬ôԶǾ֪ܳˡ
οһأɲ֮ǰүŪһۿġ
Ҷӳԡ
ˣ˵ǽûζҪԺյġ
ڱֱʿˮ
ͻȻãҲǻ¡˺ö֮࣬һˣԺ󻹲ǵմ
ǵ¹֮󣬶÷Ըˣֵȥᶫ
·ϻ񣬡Ǳˡ
㲻Ҳһ
Ϊ˺á
Ҳ˺ã۳⣬զģˣСڶѧᶥˣǷ顣
Թӡ
Դ
ռֵܶˣô飬Ҳˡ
֪ǿҲĽôˣҲ±۸
ֵЦŵһģÿܸɻأ͡Ҳͻط˯һ֪һԱ
ЦŵҲ˵˾Ͳ֪ˣҹҲҪءȥ֪ࡣ
տͰ͵һӶѲ֪ˡ

֪⳪˥ĻʱĿһۡ
࣬һһ㣬һҲѾ
һֱ񣬳զġ
ʵͺڳˡֻ֮ǰﲻǽӽҲûʡ
ڶϼˣﻹһһǾͿˡ
ߺţųﵱȻðܳһ⣬ٶٰ׼ͷ
ʿˮ
﹤̹ڰ칫ϰ࣬÷紵ɹùʡ
۾ֱˣʺҲ
ﺢ࣬ѧУƯ˳и֮⣬λѧнްࡣѧϰرࡣ
ĽĲҪҪġ
һ뷨ð
ѹЩ֪ǶسǣҲǣ
㣬զأڳð
ɵҪġ
ʵҲףĹŵģ㲻͸ŽȥˣԸҰֵĻТү̵ġ
ֵܣТ˳Ůѹүƫġ
Ȳˡ
ǲôõչ˵ġȷʵʵˣҶʵڶˡҪҲƫġ
ֵԺȥҲף֪سֻҪеλվˡҰ趼ǵλ쵼أǣû׼ɶʱͿոλܰˡϴҰֵλͬ²Ҳһݽȥ𣿡
ʵũҲܽλ
ֻҪеλգʲôܵģƽȡܵǣΪũˣҲҪһŸġ
ֵٴγĬˡ
Щ¶붼밡
ռңֵİȥֻŮӵĶҲûܰæ
ź˶ʹȥǰݳԷ
ǰݣͷּ˺üˡǶֱǡǰ⼸λ廹ѵǰְ֡
ѹհЩء
̿һ㲻Σˣ˵񰡣
ţܵܰæȥģˡ
ɶǵģ˭ҵֵܵĲôɵģǼ屲ġ
⼸λɶǶʵˣһĴТӡ
¹ǲТ˳Ŀǰѹµġ
̽вĵ¶֮ǾԼԼãû˴ԼԶҲͦηġͿĻӦ񣬿ռˡɰֿ̺˻
ѾЩû˹ˡ
ܲ˼ҿҲǰء
컹ϼˣԺֵˡ
°̫̫ЦǶѿӣﾾһš
극֮вĻÿͿ⼸λֵܳţָϱȥʰ
̣ˣԼС
ɶһˣɶ̵
ɿԼš
°ȥɡ
ҿԺڼﻹ˵㻰أ̲˵ԺǲǶϱҪɫ϶ϱɶʱҲɫ
°
ȥʰˣҶĲˣ裬Ժ
趼˵ˣһˡ
硣Ҳˡ
˭ˣĻ˵ǲǣ
°һۣתͽԼȥˡ
񻹲Ҫ㿴趼Ĭˡˡ
Ҷͽ
ռҵ¶һ磬ʹռҴˡ
֮ǰǼλռҳ극ͳȥţˣȻҶ֪ˣռĺϼˣһŮ
ŮҲĺãƱǮҳԷû׳вļҵķ
⻹вļռء
ŮǺá
ʽסռңռ˳ϵռʹӵԱҲ׵ĳΪռ͵һԱٽǳ֪ˡ
лҪ˵ôôǣҾҪϼˡϣϲǿ֧׶ۣҪȻһһֱġôôôôա


16 
ɵİæʰĺܿ졣
Լķ䣬ˬĥŪСд
뷨Ŀڱʾⲻ⣬ͷүүȥһȥ
үүǰڵﵱ˵ģɶɡ
үүЩ
񵹻治֪үүүүĿࡣ
ǿɲ̵ͷүүȥ²ġ
ллү̡
ȻԭˣǶүү̣ǺϲģҲ⵱ԼүТ˳ȻƭǣԺˣһúòǡ
ʰ֮͸Ͻȥ֪Ǳȥ׼֪ͬ־һϹȻˣҲԼ֪ݣ֪顣
磬ûϹʱ䣬û֪ǳǿͷԵվ֪³֪濴
ģôôҪ
˿߹ȥᣬɶأҰ
ῴˣѿˡӦ˵ȷʵѾѿˣ滹иӡء
˵϶Ǳ˴ˡ
ܴģϵи˭
ῴԼ¶ˣĲˣ˵Ϊҵӣͺ˵£ұˡ
ȵ㱻ˣ˭ģɶ㰡
㣬ҵ㲻˵Ҫȥ硭
ȥ磬־֪Ǻĸ֪ˡʱ˵֣׼˵ָ񻻸ùǰһԼأͱָһƣһ
֪֮áһڴģм䶼ûķءԼˡԼ˼ҳȥΪ൱Լӣܲ
ᵱʱĲˣԹ˵
Цŵ磬ⲻһϲôȥ棬Ҿر飬ȥиһ֪ӣö˰ǲǣ
᣺㲻֪Ϊɶ㣿
ǿģȥ𣿡ʵ
֪ˣӾǸûϵɵ椡ѹһھʹӦȥ棬Ϊء
ˡ
Ц磬ҵģǴȥ磿
ҵ˵ġ
ǵҰ˭֪Ҷ죬Ұ㺰磬Ըȥ棬ҲңⲻҵԼ˰ҵøи ȥɺ˵ˣҲҪġ㿴ⲻǺҼ𣿡
񻹲ĵģᶼˣɶԼӴȥƨáȥˣȫӵ˶Ҫˡ
ˣˣҲˣһ¶أˡ
˵Ťͷˣ׷
ıӰ˸ۣ֪ȥûȥͿδűߣȻո͵ġ
Ҳװ֪
ҲŲñˣˣһȥũߡ
ũ߶ڲֿŵģÿСרŵȥáƽʱȥãȻָ֪ͬ־
뿪֪ߣͺҲǸˣ
˵ӳӣ
ͷȻ̾Ҹվ͹ڷſûȥҲ֪ٴˣʵǰҲ·ҲسˡǵǲͨӳҵĻسǵģҲû֪
ЩĬǰھͷԼǰ
ԺҪǵ鳤ǲܹǣ治뿴Ƿ㿴ܲҶӳ˵˵ùܹܡҪȾ۵㣬Ժ˲֪ԼҲǵõġҲ·
İɣΪı״ֻҪҹĺˣͲ·
̾ĺ̫ˡ
Ҳѹˣ˵ҲΪǱˣǶӳҵݣͶӳ˵Щ¶ԼҲ֪ܹܶˣҲĿŻһĺŮԼһ顣
ũ֮ͺ˵ˣѾʽʹǱˣԺ֪鳤Ǳߵ˼Ҳ֪ԼƼ鳤˼ǴǱùܡ
͹ʮŮ֪С鳤ѣɶ£÷ġ
Ƽ㣬ǱҲû׼Ϻ˵˵ᣬ㵽ʱҲһ˰ɡ۰¶ˡ
㣬лл㣬ҿ϶׼ʱȥЦŵ
һлأҵæˡ㵱鳤Ҿķˡ
˵֮Ǳ߻Щ鷳Щ㡣Ƣܺǿ˭Ҫ֪࣬Ҳҡ
û¶Ҳָɶɾͱŷ
ľͺá
ϣ֪߾Ϳ˴ᡣҲŮ֪ʮ˶ѡ
Ϊ飬ûȥռǱ߳Է˹͹ˡ
˵Լ׼飬ԺҪ˼չСңٸõΪҷƼƼͬ־֪鳤顣
ͬ־ȻģıִҲˣڷܣҲ棬û͵ˣұǾܺʵġɶҲ
Ů֪ǿ񣬶û
ʵλ̫Ҫˣͬ裬ƽʱŴҷѣ鷳һѣʲôȨҲûС¶ˣ˭ʲô鳤İ
պ͸ͦ˵ġ
ϾԼʶ˵鳤ء
ǸܾСǸɲԺиɲˡ
һȦû׼ʽͻȻվˣȻҪҲҪʼ䣬ͬ־չģ۸ɻҲġͬ־Լʤ𣿡
Ҳվڻشͬ־Ļ֮ǰҲмʴҡǵõʱΪֵأһ͸һôȥ
⼸֪Ļ䡣
Ϊڹ֪֪࣬ũ״Ĵź׳־ġ
ǵõ·ϳĸ
ﶼЩꡣ
Ŀ񣬡Щ㵱֪鳤ʲôϵǾȴ룬ԿԵ鳤Ҹ㣬ÿһ˵롣ÿʵ
ҿʵˡ뵱鳤ԭ񣬵鳤ıʵ֪಻ӦֻµظɻӦԼѧҵ˵ũ壬ǽũ壡
˭˵
Ͳ˵ֻ˵ʵ˵滰ҵ鳤Ҿ˵һ֮ڣһıҵĹ˵˵˵ջˣҲֹ鳤ˣһȫ˵Ҽ֡
񣬱ô˵·Ҳʹɫ
Һ棬ȻҲҪҵĹͬ־ҺҶ𣿡
üͷˡǸ鳤𣿡
ҪˣǲҲҪó𣿡̧ŲӵȻ˵Ҳ޻˵ˣ۾͵ŰɡҲҪ㵱ȫ˵ˣ֪Щ˵棬ԼһԼҲǸһѵǰ¶̫ѧĳЩΡ˵ֿΡ
Ц۾͵ſ
鳤Ƕˡ
Ҳɶ¶ģΪ֮ǰɣ˱֤¶ԵЩһˡ
Ȼ֪ǶûܸıǵĹϾôˣ˭û
˵ֻմӳˣմӳ׹ŮҲû͡


17 
ᣬնؼң·ϸ񲻸˵ЩҲûǸġ
յҵǻ㷴ҵЩ㣬Ҫ˵
һۣ㻹˼˵Ϊ˸Ҳ硣
Ϊ˭ձ
ˣҲˣ㲻ǹͦͻȻΪ뵽һð취ˡɵ㡣
һӾˣʲô취
㰡Ҳɻ𣬻֪໥˼ģЩ֪಻Ҳڸ֮ôһģûһѣһᣬǸˣ͵ʱͲùˡ
ⲻðɣǻû̸ЩĶЩ˼
Ϊû̸Ҫúñˡûúõıһ¾׷Ůͬ־Σ
գ

ô˵ˣһ˵˵𲻺˼ɻߣ㣿
϶ģ
ЩСЦŵͷǣ϶ġˣ˵ֱ˾ٱˣѾǳˣôô˵Ůͬ־ԽңԽἤͬ־ı㼸Σǲͳ𣿡
һ죬˵ˣת֪ˡ
ʲô˵Щʲôֲǲ֪
֪֪Ҳô˵СΡʱ䳤˾ΪģݽȥͲˡʵĻɻֲǲ֪ǰڰɨضɵġ
˿ȣǻǣǰɨءֻǻ̫ҾǵС챻ˣûʲôۡ
ҪɳġʵզúõΪԼδƴһء
ռߣռ˶㲻Ȼû˯
Ȼʵֵģ˵ûҪȷ˯Ҫǲ֪ɶʱᣬֵȥء
ռҵңԽˣʱʱó˴ввģвĶҿ°ָ̫̫ĴԼҶӣʱţԼٴεĴˣԽһԾŶ
¹զ̫̫ңܵĹҲһЩôȻܳȺȫġ
߳ԷҲ߽Լ鳤Ϣͼ˵ˡ
쿪Ϊ¶ն
̽ĲˣԼŮ͵ɲˣϴĹŮǳϢá
ԺǶѧŵ㣬ռҵĳϢ޶ǣһӴ򲻳һƨûõĶ
°Ĳ̲סǺˡ
ҪǻָԼӣ϶̲סǺġô̭ĺӡ赱أҲռ˭ҡھͿֻҪǱָϣѼҸˡٲ
Ҷɲ˼ôֱ࣬ӵ̣ⲻɶǸ鳤ѣ͹ʮˣûɶȨġҸǡ
˼˵ɶˡȷʵǸɶɲ
׼󲮵ĴȣҲ˵
ͲҪˣɶǸɲˣ鳤ǸɲʮˣǲҲǹ˵ĻܱɶܵǿǴ
Цŵ磬˵Ǹɴ¶ϣҲλرáرʺҡҵ𡤵㣬ش󡣵ҵˣһһӡ
ĵԼӿ˵󻰣ﻹǴţӴιҿɾأһôһġҾͿùˡ
϶/ǹҪ
°ȥˡоЩˣ˯ɡ
˵Ǻܹãռҵ˸Ի˯ܲˣȻϼˣڻ㲻õҵġ
СǻǸ϶ϱĻ͸ո˯¶Ҳǵģ⻹ûأ϶ϱͷˣҲˡ
ȥﱧԹǲأТ˳
˵ڵҵѾͷʱǵҵ̫ү˵ɶ˶
û뵽̫̫Ȩͦġ
ɶ¶ùšΪ̫̫Сʱڵﳤ󣬼˼ռȨˡ
ûһԾŶ뷨
ռ״̬ͦõģϺȣҲıɽĲ˵ǲ۸ġ
ҲˣԺҪôƴӣҲġ˶ʵģЩûκθ飬ָ˼Ϊ仰ģܣóõĶЩ˿ֻĻܹϸõӣʱ˵ȻȻľͻˡ
Ȼ̫̫Ҫģ̣զģĲҺүү϶һĵġ
ֱӽֵ̺һӪˣͬ˾ι̣ͬʱռ˻һߡ
ǼТ˳̾ԼŮռТ˳ĺˣ˶Ǹ
ռ˴˸硣

ڶˡ
𿴾һ֪鳤͹Ů֪ʮˣʵʵڵİ⵱Լġ
ڱǸпޣûɶȨĸλ
Ƕ˵µ¾ûпп޵ĸλڣڵıҪ
ֻҪúãܱõĸλ
һ֪ߵȥũߣŷũߵĹ򣬾ͺʹ˵һø縺ͳϣҪṩһԼϸϡ񻹰Լҹõı˸
˵䣬ѧóգԸ񰮺á
ʵͳЩɶ
ҵ鳤ø˽ң˽֮źðŸʺϵĹܲһպҵİţʱԴҵĲΡͬ־Ȼ鳤ݣϣһҵĹʾ֧֣ҪʱɣӰʹ鳤Ȩ
ȨЦͼͬ־ҲԲңһǵ̫ˣ˵ĳŵˣûӡ
üûãҸ㣬㡣ǲΪļΪҾ뿴һ֮ôԼʱҵڡ
Ա⻰ʱ˲ͷ
СЦŵͷϾͺáԺũߵҲˣҪһ֮ɵĲã϶Ӱ࣬Ҳǰϰˡ߶

磬ͰЩ˵ͳƺˡ
緹͹о
Ļͦϸģּ㡣
һ֪ǰ黹㲻
һʮһŮ֪ࡣǸǳ
ȻѧҲˡЩûӴ֪ʶˣҲûɶֻҪʶʶС
ڸ湴ģļ˿á
׼ɶ
˽˽⣬б޻
ֿ˿䣬Сأ
Էܳȥˣûء
񶼲òˣ϶ȥˡ
ʵ⼸ӹҲá
͸ˣͦæġΪͬ־ҲһĻᡣ
⼸춼Ҫ۵ѲƤˡ
ΪиţȥźͶ˵˵ù˭֪ǸɵӣֹسǣȻûԼͶĹϵЩ֪һӡ
⼸Ȱȵģȵˣûȸͷ
ָ֪ˡ
ȻÿҲͦʵٺÿҲũҲسǰϵķˣڶûһ¡ϾһΪѡѡ⡣
ѾĿ⳹׵ķˡ
հǸ϶డ
ȻΪ⼸ũ̫࣬ˣÿ۵ſˣûա
û뵽ˡ
ջﻰľǱԹũ࣬Ȼ˵֪æɱġ
ʲô˰һ⻰˼ˡʱЦһ£װûʲô˼̽ʵȷʵʺŮͬ־㻹ǸϽسǰɣֲǸ취Կ࣬ҿҲܡ
ձ˵ʱҲû취Ȼ뵽˵Ļ͵Ұֱ˾ٱˣˣ˲ˡﲻʲô޿ܿ
⻰ɫͱˣֳʲôˣ
֪ǳˡҲƭˣֻܺǣⲻСԲŻ˵˵
ʱĶġ
оԼûϣˡ
˵Ҹô찡ȥˡÿֻ࣬ءָԼơ
ﻹ˼ְԼﶼ˺ءҲʼ˺ˡ
ʵĴϵɥʧϣ
ա˸ûϣˣϣҲô갡
ץ˰ͷתˡ
û뵽ôˣ۾Ӱ˺ü䣬ֱԶˣͷһµġ
ЩԽʵ


18 
ϹŻġ
ͿҲϽװɵӡһӶֱʵûͬ⣿

ͬˣ
վԼ̫ûˣֲ䣬ûͬҲûܾҲ⣬ϾҲͦæ
Ǿûͬ⣿
ձһ·̻ģڱסˣ۾ˣͲܸǵô
ĵ˵˼ҿ϶ͬģֹˣⲻǹ𣿡
Цҡ
ˡǺͽһĻڿŻЩɶˡ
̫˲Ц㡣ʲôЦģǱƭԺͬ־˵ĲңͥңӲңȲһŮͬ־˵㿴ĵ
ڱˣЦ
շ֮ǰͦáǻڸ磬ڳϺ½ţοġ
ֶ𣿱ϾҪߴ뱲ӵˣҪֶòаɡܴܲȥˣǲ𣿡
·ˡվȻûͦе
˵øˡļ򡣡Ժһһͬ־ô˦㡣ǾδĶӡ
Щѹ죬ֲ֪ԼѹʲôΪԼûʼز۵ĳ
һѹ۾͸ο
밲οѹˣͼͷûɻˣͦܵġ
գ

ֵû£ⲻǻ𣿱ҵˣҾͲ׼ˡ֤Ůͬ־ֻܿԼָָϵġڣѾΪҵ˳·ˡ
ģ
Ǵ󱯴ϲ۾أϣˡ
ȻģҪϹˣ˵
˵ͳȥߺȴϹˡ
ǵĲˣ˵զ˵һأ
׷һ·˵ʣҲһֶû͸¶ˡ
òװ¹ˣҪȥԷϴ衣
գ
ǵȵˣŰȵ֪ˡ
˰һϣڴֹˡ
Сǵεʱ˵ҪҸı乤ɡ
˵ͷȻǵá
¶ء
ʵȥӵɣǾͲµˡСҲǹˡ
ɴ۾ܽ赽𣿡
ҪõǵˡǺǿȫĴУٴҵŶԴЩλȫǶзֳģһ仰¶°첻¶Ĳ˵ҰǱ߾ˣأҲ뾪ҼˣϾ뿿Լɳһҵ
յҪõҰֵĹϵ
ʮǿɣҲ׼ģϾ治ס
չʾһԼС¼ȫ֪ǵϵʽǼ˵ϵʽ
ѡͦ࣬Ǳ˾ٱģЩԥ㲻ѡ񡣡
֮ǰҲӦңҪһ𣿡
԰׼ȥšǴӳأҺúúǿģʺ㡣
տɲˣҪûѡ񣬸ݵȻµɣҪܵˣ˭ũݻ߳أ
Ұ־㱻˾ٱҲǸ˵ˣⲻҲ𣬱˻˵ʲô
¶Ȼ֪ģֱٱΪռһһŮֲϣ磬ȸӰ˸λ׼ŮŸλԼΪֳû⣬˭֪Ȼ˾ٱˡ¶ɴСҪǾٱɹˣǿܵġ
յĸʹˣ״Ͻˣ±۹ŮִӳȥˡһͲˣʣˡ
Ȼվ͡
֪ǱզأɣҪǰˣ£ֹøɣְÿȲ迴ֽ
һ۾ˡ
ģ
̫磬ҪǸɲɣͻȥݰɡ
գ϶ɵĳɣ
һϼˣոдţ쳧취ߵͨϵĳӣܽ赽ӵ˵ֻɰ꣬Ҫһֱɡͬ־òһЩ
յû¶Ұֲηѡֻɰզأ֮Ҫũ
˵ô˵֮ܲ۸ˣȰ¶˵㲻µأҪ㻹ţ
ʵϣǲ׼һֱΪ¶ƻ棬治ǳԶĹֻ춨ڶĻȨѣ˿ȷʵܸı䡣Ȩܸɱļƻ
Ȼղ֪뷨ǾɺеԽ򵥣Խðɣຣ
д˺üҳдֶҪˡ
յɴֱӴ绰㡣
ǻֱ˾ٱ𣿵绰תᱻġ

дţһֱŪ˴ҹдšȻż͵ַͱˡ֮ǰǣ¶ȱ˵ȥϾʲô飬˵˭֪ûʹûɣû˵ҲЦ
ЩģһհǱ߰첻զ찡
һбѡأİɡ
ıѡ֮ǰȥũСͬѧİֿ֡ҲǺǷװǱߵεءǿǴװ϶ܰæС飬¶ͱȽˡ׶ԼԲŻոλǱʧˣԼϡ
лҪ˵ôôգVϣϲǸְ֧ôôôա


19 
ڶһһûϹ, ȥиȥسǼš
ŻЩҪ, Ҫǵ˼ʵԱ, ֪Ҫءֻõ;ǲǻʧ֮ġ¶治١һʧԼԳȽϺá
öﻹгܽá
Ժǵȵ, Լ
Ȼٵʱ, Ҳû˵ȥţ˵绰
идŲͳŷڶա
ЦҰֵ, һֱ֪ڶסü, ú㱨һ¡ġ˳㻹øиӳۼչˡ
иЦۣǸø绰ô궼û, ϶ǡ
ǿɲģǵĶҪ˯žˡ
иһӣгҲˡ
ֿ͵г, 治, ǰгڽС͵ġ
ƽ˼, Ҳǿϡ
иȼ¾ˣʱп˾ǲһĶǶࡣᵱѧг, ˤ˺Щء
ԽҪˣҸϱʹ֪һˡԼǴӳҲ֪ϱԼũˡЩ֪໹Լҹĺء
ȶϱ˺ӣһˣ취ϱŪسӽǡ
ǲ֪иЩ˼ģ֪ˣֻ»ֱгײײͷ
ѵ㣬Ρ
ռʹЩԶһʯ·ֱӵ÷ɽԽġ
ֱʾ֣дżĳȥˡ
żĳȥ֮˳ﵽתתѵһΣԺҪߴ򽻵ģ˽
ϴδæ߹ⲻ֪߾жٵλ
ֻ֪Щģװе֮Ŀ϶еġ
תһȦ֣֮ǺһССĸֳӵͦ࣬ǶŲá
Ҳܾˡܶ೧ŶˡȻЧ治ô
ʵȻڸȻҪƱ֤ԵʺܽţӦ󣬵ʵϣΪԵʣҵƱҲûôš
ũ˻ϲռϴ·ûϴ·أòľҡûǺԭʼĲľҡ
˵ҵƱѣǮȥϴ·Ķǲܵġ˵ǣ⼸·õŻǮϴ
ԹҵƷ󲿷ԳˡҲǼҼһĺõġԣУҲСг֮Ȼھ
ڵȻƷƣƷʡЩĶ
Сسǵĳӣռ͵ĽĲҪҪģʵЩҲܼѵġû׼Ĳء
̾ľõ㣬ûסһռǱߣֻһʱģռҪչãԺҪҳ·
·ɲ˳
Ҳûʲô취ġ˼·룬гҲСδɲгˡ
Żصռ͡
̻Ϊȥ绰ˣһ׷Ǳߵվǿû˵ɶ
˵ҺúТ˳أүȱɶͺ˵ǼĹ
㹻Т˳ҪզТ˳ɶҲȱЦۣƺԼͶͨ˵绰һġ
ɰѶвĿˡ
°ʵû壬ûǣ
ͷ˵ҶզȻ֪Ҷ嶼үүˣĽˡ
вľЦˣЩͽϾǱԼгϢĸĽˣ֤Ǹǳɹˡ
°׷ʵû˵ģ
ûҪ˵ɶ
װɵ
̫̫棬°Ҳʵֱ̫ӣﻹЩˡ
֮ǰΪָһء
ȳ극֮׼ȥ֪㺰Ϲ°׷־û˵ɶҲû֣񰡣֮ǰ˵Ҫǵġ
ΪסˣͷǵΣ˭ҲȥסӳҵķӲǼҿ
°
˵ˣÿ֡ҪǴҹҵȻǣõϵˣ˵ҶΣǲҲǸԼҰ𡣡
°ҪզϣҪӣ
ʲôհҿ֪鳤ñ˸ҸɻҲҪӵģ˼ܸߵġȻˣҪҸǵӣǵðңҲûǲǣȻˣ϶ֻһˣұϾǸ鳤Ҫ͸ɴһ˰ɡҲǼء
°Ѿͷͦôߵġ
һνӣ°Ĳˡ
Ҳͦż
ѾͷǲӲӥġ
ҾԿռұˣҪǰ˻㲻һ£ֻܵġ
Ҳˣռ͵֪ģܲˡ
°ô˼ʮˣҪˣܸ㲻һСѾͷ
һϹʱ򣬳°ͺͼＸ˵ˣɻ㣬ȥǱ߸ɸɻôһˡ
üɵ۵Ŀ
вҲԼϱ˸Ƶġ
Ȼһ˿ͷŽ̫Ǵı߳ġ
°˵ʲôô˵Ǿô
УģҸɻˣһͷȥæ
Ҳȥ
ҲˣǱûϲˣҲڼɻ
˿ȣӴ裬ҽЩҪҸٰæɣͷһӱİæǿӡ
Ҷ˸ۣǰվأҲû˵ɻ
˵ĺ
ȻﻹЩģҲʼǸˡ
淳ˣ
°ԼӣˣҲָ㡣
͵ˣĶӣûָˡھָڿϴܹǵˣȻϣȥѧȥ浱ɲ
˵Ҷﻹ̹յԼߣߵ裬զҲǸѾͷ̶ƫˣҲƫģ㵽˭谡
°Ů۰ģ⻰͵˵ţΪǣҲȴùϵҪǸĴеģܸҸżңԺҲũɻˣ
żңҶһ죬Ȼ˿ȣ裬𣿡
զˣǸ㻹أĺúõģԺ϶Ҹ˼ңֶŮءۼסţԺܲһ£˽ڳոպá˭Ųġ
Ҷһ͹˹
㲻Ҽޡ
°ڿøлң
ҶͲ˵ˡ
Ҷʮʱ䣬ǻö֪ˡ
ЩģװĻϢСǣﻹϼ˵׵Щ˼ҰһУͺͳ°ҪҸ֪࣬Ժû׼ͻسˡ
°Ǹˣ֪඼ҲûسǵϢһ٣ЩҲʵ
ʱҲû˵ܾ֪¶ԽţԽ׳¶ֻ˵ҶȵȿҪлسϢˣԳæ֮ǰҶҪ֪ǽӴûԺ˸õľûѡˡ
ͰҶˡü˶ûȵ֪سǵϢҶҲ͵ˡ´ûа취˵ũСˡ
˼޵ĿܣĸŮҲµϣˡ
ҶǿǿĴӦԺ󲻺Ǻˡ޵ȥ˵
磬¹ʱͺһǸɻˡ
֪ǰһɻֻĹ֣֪ǿɸ˻ˡ
ȻˣҲһˣĻһЩˡ
Ϳֶģ
ͬ־㲻ʺϵ֪̫࣬ˡ
ɶ˼
ʺȥ⽻ٰ̫ƽǱߵЩʹ򽻵ֱ̫ʺˡĻֶεģЩ˭ƭ㣿

ֻǿѣ档ʵ̫ˣ˼С˼ߵˣֻΪҸҵˣ
ǰû
˻ܸı䣿Ͻ֤Ӱǡ̫ǳˡ

ˣ˵ǹ̶֣
ҲûɶҪһʱʱ̵̿ǣ·Ϊһ˫۾ʱ̵Ķǡ
⻰Щ¡ҡҡͷʵæɻġ˻ֺá
һνûɶûϵԼɵġ
ɶ˼
֪ˡ
лҪ˵ôôգлл֧ҵ׶(ţ3)Ũq?


20 
һ, ռֵܶɻ
ǰ, Ů֪ߵĹȷʵһЩ
, һǾۡ
ո۰Ͱ͵Ŀ, ָͷʲôʱյšȻຣ
żֱӼĵǣмûզ, Ե죬˳ĵ˺Ǹֳ츱
츱ŷֵʱּЩ顣
Ϊ˱ŮϢˣΪ¹ŮǺ߿Ҫġ
û취
¹զ, һҲûĴż
֮, 츱ָּˡ
żհԼ״дĲģʲôÿ̰, ָͷҪˣҲԲôôд츱۵Ĳˡ
ںӳɳ, Ȼ֪ôı״ˡ
¶, 츱˲ͨ۾, ᶨһҪ¶ɣôС£Ҫ첻, ͲŮ֡
ҿдݣ츱Ů߿϶иָ㡣ҪȻŮӦ벻ļƻ
ҲãֻҪԼɵóŮӾܺùһЩˡ
츱Ͻ鿴Ǳߵķֳ
ϰ죬û鵽ֳֻ鵽һһеֳ
쳧̾˿ϡ
һ˵ߵĴǺٺСϵġƽʱûɶҲ󿴵ЩСҪѡͦġ
츱ĺǱϵˡ
Ϊͨ绰Ҳû˵ôס
ǵ쵼ˣ˵ҲǺġ
츱ǹǳǱߵ״ȻûʲôѰ˵ǸֳºһЩλҪһЩеԸǷֵ㵥Ӱ
쵼ϲĹ츱лһ˵˵Ǳռʹӵ֪ҪǸʲôһũ壿ô°ɣĹŮ˵ġǸĺܺðũҪһģҲǷϹߵġ
¶ѹûе쵼һ¶һĥ˹ˣЦŵô£һʱỹûʲô̸֣ġ
ɣ˵Ǳߵ֪ͷġ
񣬶ԶԶԣǽô֡ûġ¶̸ڹܣ֪ûء
˼ǲһܱ֤츱˵¶ܰɣϾػе߻ѹ֪ôأһ¶̫ˣ첻ô졣ܰѻ˵̫
츱ҲףҲû׷ⲻǻû̸˼Լȥ̸ȥҪ̸òźأʱ򻹵ԼԼŮǸܵúôˣ
츱Ҳģֻ˵˾䣬Ǿףˡ
˵绰֮츱һֱڰ칫ˡ
Ů˵ˣţֱӴ绰칫ģʱڵ绰˵˵¶ûоˡ

ռߣסˡ
ڵȵżĳȥĵ죬¹ǲǵȥ绰ˡ
ɶҲְ֪ô
ٷ֮û⣬Ұֿɴ
ӣЩšǲ裿ģԲ˵˼
յô֪˵رʵˡ˵ҸģͺҰһԡ
̾Ǽġ
ǿɲǾûûε˵ˣԺǮңһݲҸǸ
ЩĽˡ
ż㵹˵˵ʲôʱȥ绰¶
һ㣬һ硣ȥˣҹ·㡣
ϣˣҧҧǵȰ𣿡
ڶͺһȥˡ
Ϊ˼ٲҪ鷳ջһԼڲܴȹӸиϱ
Ȼһϻ˵پˡ
ΪŸˣٶһԺԼгˡԺ󵱸ҲҪģܸܲŸг˾ɡ
һȥѧ
ֱʾ֣˶֮ȸ츱򣬲Žͨ۾ͺˣˡ
ʵĺ֣
Ǳ츱Ҳۿ
ۿŸŮ˻أ˷£
뵽ԼҪӵ¶ˣϽһᣬ֣յôô
츱Ҳܿ͵飬ţյˡҪúøɰǱ߻е˵ڸ¶£úøɡ
ջûӦ۾һȻĴָ
¶ˡ
Ҳ˷ˣ֣̫ˣ˲˵ˣҪ¶ˡ
Ȼžһ˵绰Ȼ󼤶Ŀ񣬡㣬¶ǰˣҡ
Цˣ⻹ǿʼأ̫硣Լȥ̸
ռȥ̸
𼱣극ȥ̸
극ȥ̸𣿡
š
ҲȷʵǷ°ˡ
֮ǰһжֻǼƻеһѣȻҲǿͷҲ߳һˡ
еĹģ˵㲻
еũ߶ȻҲֻһСֶѡ
ȻҲΪ˽˳̸̸һ¶
츱Ǳϵ߻еĳ
˼ҳȻֱӽӴˣ԰ŵҲǳ︺ڵŸǡ
Ÿ칫ңЩ֣Ϊ¶̫ˣЩͺ
ôС
λŸʱһ쵼Ϸĸо
ⲻ
棬滹ǿһ£˵ǳһũ壿
յһ棬Щš
΢ЦŸãҽһ£غ칫ռʹӵ֪ϳˣλͬ־ǳڸˣιȷʵΪ̸¶Ϊ֪ʶ꣬ܲܿҺţʵ£ũ塣
գҺǰкˣҪȻ濸סԡ
ŸûӣΪǴӲģҲû˵ʲô;С̫ˡ˾û¶̫ܰá
ģĵͷֹţˣֻҪܰģ㡣ϾˣǱܸӣ߽Чһء
ʵҪǳôأʣҲǿһЩ׵ġ
ЦŵҪףֻһЩõĻ
⣿
ûʹǵĻÿȸһֵ൱ڻ۾ɷѡ
Ÿһ⻰˵Ȥˡ
ǺڲֿɻķһЩɻء
ЩǷϾɻЩǻûȥ»
ȻǼƻãҲǰƻ۵ġǼƻϲϱ仯СܻϺˣĶ˼ҿϣ˻
ÿΪͼ֣ǳ꣬ⲻʣ
Ҫʲô
ͽԼСóˣҪĻǰѿǻۻȻ֮һϵũҵƷ
Щطʵÿ綼ãЩ˿ڱȽ϶ĴҲáȻӽá
Ϊ̫ܶˣ˵ռĴӣӳ᲻ûǮģҲӵģͲ䱸Щ
ռ͵ÿθѿǶҪԼȥǱ߲ѿ֪಻㡣
һ̨ȥҲҪãܿС
ŸҪĶ١⻹÷ֿȥա
ϵǿ϶ᰮģҲᰴʱġ
⵹⣬ȻǿڣΪ˽ũ壬ǻǿǵĹġ
ŸЦŵҲ˿ģΪѵ¶أ¶Ȼ鷳˵㣬ǻ治ʲô¶ҳǱ߶ͷ¶¶
ؼǣŸͻȻҵθ·ˣ˫ϲšֹܸ׬ӣҵԴķ
Ϳʼֹţǲܰģʽȥءô๫磬ôӣȫǲðʱЩյѺʽǮ;ֱ̫ˡ
һӣͲ³ˣŸʵҾǳжĻҲԺһЩбϵĵλ衣ҽĵҪ̫ܼˡʱռʹܱ߾ͿԲÿˡ
ΪʲôŸʵ
ΪгܱߵĶĻǻʹʲˣܸǴЧ棬Ҳ޷ټˡͺͻеһһΧҲֻܿһ𣬿˾ͻ¶ˡ
⽨ȻЩΪԼǣҲǿǵʮܵˡҪҸһͨĻӡ
ŸԴʱˣһʱˡΪ԰ӣѳЩɻŪȥءúһ£ҲǲԼƻһ¡
ΪⷬǿʼͲ֪ͬ־ˡ
ͬ־Ļͦడڵ֪ǲǶеˮƽˡ
лҪ˵ôôգϣҶ֧֡˳󻨻
ÿ϶ǲӡ


21 
¶ʲô¶, Ǵ, ɲũûе
Ҫ, Ҫ߿֤ɶġ
¶, ŸȥҳǱ߻㱨ˡ
һţͽ, ֱֲӸˣʲô¶ֻҪð꣬Ǹ¶ˡ
ˡ
ȻʱҪ߳ʾһЩλµġ˵ӽģǾҪӵӡ
ڴӦˣʾ
뿪֮, վͲ˲ĺˮ, 㣬й°λûС
治ɫⲻϾ, ʲô
У
ǴӳⲻǴӳһ仰¶
ҪɶҿЩ, ǻôЩõ, Ůͬ־õ𣿡
ôŮͬ־ͬ־, ȥǱ߿ŮУŮҲܶ, ϯͬ־˵ĻΪŮͬ־ߡ
һΪһ·յ
˵˽ũ壬·ʲôҿԼ·ˣǸˣˡ

һ·۵糸Ļصռʹӡ
ʱ¹˸ջ֪㣬Ͱˣ٣⻹˵Ҫ鳤˶ˡ
Ƕٱʾˡ
λǴһȥġ
Ȼû˵϶뷨ġϾũæҪ˸ɻʱ
ûʹˡٿɲΪԼΪ˴ҡ֮ǰ˵Ҫôһã¶ˡ
۵˵أ⻰׷Χ˹鳤ʲô
һ࿴ȥģѾʼôˡ
ڰ֣İɣǰѴҶģзݶھˣϿᡣͬ˾ͼ롣ͬˣԼֵء
ʵ鳤ʲô쿪ᰡ
ⲻǻҪȥΪ¶ô򵥣⻹õȥۡ
ǣΪô򵥰ͦСظҺˣһһ¡һ̫˽ˡ
֪⻰ʱЩ˼ˡ
죬Ϊ˴ҺãҵǸû״
ҪˣԺҪ˵ģɲ˵Ȼ֪ܸģҲ׷ƻŽԵķԣԺҪ˵ԺǸ壬Ҫмɣ˭ƻԼд֣Ҫô顣
Ҷûˡֻɶ¶
صռߣռҲôȥˣǲɶ¶ˡ
̵ǹôɶСȥôˣˣϲȥǹܵ𣿡
ռˣҲ̫ˣǿû˼
Цẉ̂ҿɲȥֵģȥ¶ġ
ʲô¶
ȥ˼ҵλ̸߿ӡ

ռȫҶ˳ˡ
˵ģһ극һˣȥӳ̸̸
ɶңвĲʵɴ¶ġҲû˰¡
ȻˣұϾСи̸¶Ҫгһ𡣡
̵үүǿүүиĳء
̣ôģҪһȥˣиҲҵ¡жƽȥˣӡҪǻүүȥˣи廹ű۸ˡ
㶮Ķ࣬ۼб¡̾ùŮǶ¡
ռ˵Ƕ˭ȥ̸ûȤǾͺ쳧զ£һС֪໹ܰ쳧˵ĺͺȿˮһ
°ǲǱߵĹϵ
ҲĵĿ
ôأҰǹװģںǣ첻ôҪȻô֪ôû쳧أ
ǣǶµĺӡϹʲôأ̲˵
°棬ôģ
ȻǿԼ˵ı¡ֻҪ϶ӣûа첻ɵ¶
°һĵͲӳ 
극ͺвһˡ
ֱȥиġ
иǶΨһש߷
вһĽĿ˿ȥʱЩšֻԼȽˡ
иҲ극ˣˣиǻͦǽྐྵӡ
ǰиǲвļﵱ¶ģվǿ֮أҲ˼˼ĸˡвĺôֵܣҪ㡣
вЩнǣ̸¶
иӴ̸ʲô¶
壬ԴӲ壬һӣͬ𣿡
ӣиʵʲôӣ
ģʱ֪Ǳ߾ͽҪΪũף֮󰡣ִֵضУרҵֵ֪أˡ
иû˵Ǻͬ
׼ӣ֪ǸɱĻ
ʲôӣ
⻹أǿ϶Ҫġ֪иӣҪ֪˿ɶˣҪˡ
и棬붼ûأǵˣ
Ļ׼Сӵ˰æɵģԺʳʱСǱ߿Զ㹤֪֡ͲҪʳˡ
ʵ൱ڽԼȥˡ
иû£Ǹ뷨ĺܼ򵥡
壬ǲ֪Щ֪Ƕ󰲷֣бĳ·ĥŰɣȰԿˣˡʧˣⲻҲǰĸĵ۶ֵ˵ˣ壬ⱨȥҲǳɼĶﶼ֪಻£ҲڲϵĳԣٹӲ͹ȥǱ߻㱨Ҳ㱨ݣ
и
иǸԣͦӡ
ƽʱɹ鱨ɼ¶
ô˵ҲЩĶңҲϣЩ֪ʵ㣬Ժ֪ϱϱҲܰ㡣
ɲܸʲô
֪֪ǾҪṩһؾˣöǻｻء
𣿡
԰۳۲ý𡣡
⻰иһЩˣ˵ɲɵĺҲûɶӰ졣ʱǷԼһ顣ԼôչŮԺл˲û
иһĥװΪѵͬˣаɣǾ͸һᡣȥӲǱ߰
壬ùǱ߸£۸ʽ㣬걨ϰȥǱ߸Ǹӡ˼˵۸ġ
иûࡣ
ǿɲҪ˱ҿɲ鷳˭иءһˣҲ鷳ǲǵԺɶõҵģҲɾ鷳۱⡣
иЦ޶ǻ˵Ȼһֱвĵвİ̹Ů
вεĵͷ
иɿˣͳȴڶǱȥ
ʵҲܼ򵥡
͹Ҹѡ繫Ǳ߻եͳءҲǼ֯ġ
ֻҪ߸¾ˡ
߷и¶Ըɴ쵽һȥһиͲòˡ
лҪ˵ôôգÿŶ


22 
Ӱ켯嵥λǱȽϼ򵥵ġ
Ͼģ, ϲʲôӰ졣ؼ⻹Ҫ֯һëǮ
ҪǮ¶, ڹ˵, ǾǸǸµ¶
Ȼ, ϵ֪ˣ¶ۺϰ칫λ˺ü, ôŰ쳧ˣǼŮͬ־
Σ㲻֪þ˵Щ¶˵ÿ깫綼лسÿһ, Ҷî⾢ءЩ˻زȥҪ֡Ҿ;ð, ¶һ´ҵǿǶ͹绹ΪǵδŬġԺЩ˻زȥҲûɶ˵ǲǣ
ЦЦ, ĻͦԶͲԼزȥ
Ҿûȥġϯͬ־˵ũˣũΪ, ҿָũɴ¶ء
, Ҫ˼, ֪¶ɾʡܶ¶ˡѹþͳ֪鳤ˡ
ΪƽʱϲȣɶҲҡ
εȷʵҪֻľ, ɱũͱˡ
ҡͷǿ϶ܰһѧũļΣ˵۹绹м׳ȥĦĦǰû
ڹ磬Լȥ˼ҹС
İɣҿ϶ʵʵġһһܸ˴ء
߸Ǻ£񻹺ʽһ嵥λ֤飬֤ڼģϷģǸʵġ
ļ֮ȥߵĹһЩɺ֮ģž׳ȥ
׳ʮˡ
Ͼ߼ӹ˻Ǻܶģܶӵ˶Ҫ
ȥ͸ЦĺʹҵҺ˵뿴զӹģξҹˡŴҶһˣʹԵĹˡ
˳ԵģЩôȻҲһЩ
֪֪࣬ũĶܺ棬ιԼôѵӼӹɴ׵ġ
Ļ˵ɵϻʹûʲôѶȡ
渽һЩʹò裬˿ͼסˡ
ĸҴ֣ŸǸɻ
һȦͲ඼ˡ
˵ʵڵģ˵еĻģûɶģҲܸɵ
ҪǴҲͺǾͷˡ
⻰ЦЦ
ɲÿﶼеġ
ɶҪǮġ
رռʹӣÿ궼ɲ񣬹ҪǷߵģﻹ¡
˵䣬Ŵʱ䣬ʳӹ
ЩָֻԼȥʳȥҲû˵ȥ֣ĩֹྡྱ߶ŻǱߣ˼Ҳ˵˼Ҽ䡣ЩӹʳҲҿ
˵ǣһ´βզ찡
ģһλ̵Ĵү
Ȼû˵ɶϱҲһġ
ˣ˵¹òãǵĹʶõġˣǷɡ
˵δĸ֮󣬺ܶӪĵλرǷ͵λͺܿ챻ȥˡ
ȻĿǰ˵Ǹķ档
һİѧϰӵ¶Ͳඨˡ
ǹ˺ͻӵ¶ˡ
ϣټ˴ҿᡣ
ΪǰһѾкˣԴҶһֱء
¹ʱ򣬴ˣ۰Ͱ͵ĵ
Ϲʱ򿴴һûԣʱˣǸ֣¶ܶŶӡⲻ¶𣿡
ⶼżأԲ¡
㣬҆£Ժ˳Ͳܺˣզզ¶ҲӰ칤
Ļûȥ˵ĿӼ֣ʱըˡӣ۶Ҫˣ
֣ͬ־ǣҺú˵˵
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
һԼ֪ˣ˻ǲһġ
֮ǰ˵ˣҪô뿪أع齨ũҵĥĥȥ뵽ˡ۶ûжĸλˣôͲԼλأ֪զͲܰ쳧أҺͬ־ȥһеǵŬ֮£еͬ־Ǽ׳õļӹֺͶǱˣ֪ģ͸ˡⲻҽȥһ죬ˡֻȻˣǾͼ׳Ĺˡ
⻰һš
Ժµˣ
ǵȻ
Ժֵص¶ô죬Ĳֵˣ
ҲҽҪ˵¶˹ˣ϶ǲֵˣôԺճɷʳûϵˡǳԼģҲᲦǮҲ˵ԺҪǳЧ治ãֲһëǮҲòȻҲôѾˣ׳ǰǲģӣͿֲŬˡ
˵˺õģһţ˵Ļֶˡ
ҪԼԸ⡣׳Ҫģ⣬Ҿҵ磬ҲܸɻġΪ鳤ѡھͿǸҲҸһɣûġһֱĬĬŵֵأǸһƴһѡ
Ҹɣֵ¶ӡ
Ҳָһɡ
ǼԣΪ񣬼ϾԼϵãʱ֧Ĺ
ʣµ
˭Ҳ
˭Ҳ֪δ֪ĳܲܰЧòá˭ҲҶģһֱ֧ҲԥϾҪˣԺӹӣҲûҪǷֲʳûʣҲѰ
ʵҪӳˣ鶼ĥˣҲûˡ
ҲΪûϣҲõȥ
ЩŮ֪һѾüˣ紵Ҳ֪δԸ߿Իسǡ
ϣܹǣʮʮͣôĬҲδس֮󣬻ߡԼ֪ĻҲǰġ
ҪǣҲҪǣռ͵ԱǣֻЩ֪ǣŻȥɡҲΪ޹ʣΪ֮ϵǳ鷳Ǻʺһҵˡ
ҾͿǺãԼǻֵأ벫һԼ飬ǲǻһֱӡͬ־ǣǻᣬ޿ܣŲŲǾһӳˣΪ翵ģÿһĻسƴƴ
ôһΣǽԼǡȻȥʰ˻
õˣҸɡҲֵضˣʲôҵġû»سǡ
ҲҧҧɰɣΪ˴ôˣǻԥʲô
ʣµҲľ֡
ܺáȻҶͬˣҲõˡ͸˵˵ǳӵʡ
˵ǳӣʵǸũļ׳רŽѿǳɴףӼӹСͼӹ
Ǳ𿴳С¶Ҳ١
ôŵģÿ˸𣬲ֹ𿪻άҪ˰ᶫǷʶ
⻹ҪسˡⱾӦͬ־¶ֻŮͬ־ȫŮͬ־ͬ־õġ
ϯͬ־˵Ůܶ졣ڳСλ٣Ҫͬ־Ůͬ־ͰŲˣΪ˴ҺãֻԼŬˡܱ۳ȥ紵ɹĺãǲǣ
ڴǳԹˣν
һҪǰͬ־ͻռǵĸλʾԼû⡣
Ҫѧҵ˼ǣǰǻҪȥȻ˳ӻͲûˡ֧ǴͶлرҸ˸֮ǰҵı˸šȽأʺϿԺˡ
Ҳᰡ
һⲻı飬û¶ͷҽ㣬һᡣʵҲᣬû£ⲻȥѧôùյˡ
ᣬҾͰˡ
պеǱ죬Ժ޺ά֮Ϥǰ칫Ա˳ܺڵġ
ܲ
ⲻ˵˵ȻԼˡ
ʣ߸ˣ˷ֱ̨ӡֱۼӹ׼ӹֵһ˵ǣͬ־سӡ
ΪʲôسӣҲѧҲ졣
һ˵ҵİˣʲôʱԼƢʲôʱתڡ
㡭ǹ˽
ʲôǳͬ־Ҫǽ˳ĵλҲô쵼˵𲻰³ĳ쵼ԺңҪƺһճ

лҪ˵ôôգˣûϼܵڶ죬ײǽĳ嶯


23 
֪߿, ֻռߡ
ฺֱ֪¶°Ҳ, ӵ׸ɶá
Ҳܴ, ֱӺ˵, Ů֪ߵĻ׼ˣСû뷨
Ȼûзﵽ, ʵϸɻʱرũæʱ򣬶ʵдɣÿСӷ֪Ҳһֱʹҷֿġ
Ů֪಻ɻˣǵĻ׼ֳȥˡ
˵ĻС˵ǾͲ¶, Ժܶһʳ
, ԭ¶Ҳ˵ֵõǵġأǰɻҶܸмⲻ, һ˵ǽӣҲ⡣ͷҾͺͶ˵ˡ
û뵽Լ֮ǰӸɻô, ʱԼˡ
̽, , Ƕӣ
֣̣ҲǴԼŬ֪ų°, илرԲԣ
°ǿЦرҲû١ǵ㹤ﹻ֣˵˵Ǹӵ¶
һ֪ͬԼģ綼Եģ˾ͱˡôɲһ㰡ǵСӳģԺҪȡӳˡѡӳǿֵ֧ܸôһ㣬ҲǵøġԺͶƱʱҲǺܹؼģ
֮ǰûһȥϾûԼһȥѡӳ
ӳģĸ
ڣһѣͻعζˡҲǸı˵¶ɡ
ǲҲҪӳĺã
°޻˵ˡ
·һ߳ģҪ뵱ӳǵôջۡİɣԺֻҪҹкô¶Լ˵ġԺ⳧ӿĺãڹǱҲˣҲȡһû׼ȡũѧء
⻰Ҳ˫۷
ʵأ
磬˵ģҲû㰡
Щǿ
ҲǣóĶ˼Ҫôզ˵ƽʱɻġ
ӣⲻǲʹԺҿ϶
һ񰡣
̣ôҸ磬أҲð
ʱ۾
ض磬ɶҲûɣҲ˵ô͸ˣô˿أ۶ӳҲûֱӸӰɶøλɡ
ҪҸɶȥֵأǲǲ𣿡
ǳӹҪˣⲻҲ˵ȥߺ˵˵Ҫܰǳߺȳȥôǳӹ۵ģЧˣȡλɶģˣǻ˵ǰͷⶼû͵ģǰȰ׸ɡ
׸ɣЩԥˣǲӲӥ
Ҫǲ⣬ұҲУ¶򵥵ĺܣ̶ȥء
ǻҡ
ҸҸɣ˭˵Ҳˡñ֪˶ࡣģ׼ȥ
еľƽʱ죬⸽㣬ؼ˴컹˵ʺϵԱ
ҶۼԼֵܶȥˣʱģҲŪôֻŵǣأ
㣬ûɶܰˡ
Ҷ
һ˼ɣسӵֻһֿġҪû¶ɣȥǱ߸һسӡʱ䳤ˣҲҲñж𣿡
Ҷ׸سӣ
һһֵĻᡣֲԼŰ죬컹ҪʰأæúܣͲ˵ˡ˵վ̻ȥ˯ȥ
ˣǾһ˷ܵĳδˡ
Լӳ˰ѧ˷ܵĲˡ
Ҷ֪⳧զأǾȸˡ
Ҿͦ׵ġ˵Ǳ߶𣬹绹ƭˣ
ҲͷҲ㡣
Ҷų°裬˵أ
°һıɶɲɵģ¶ۿŲˣ
Ҳûզԭ
ȿ
ռ˵ſأڶæµˡ
ӲǱȥӹܳ
˵ǳʵǶµӣһֱղֿŶģӲͦ·ߣʺϿˡ￪ûȻûģڶǷŵģ׽㡣
ڶȻͨ˵硣߶С
ֻȳǱˣװûˡ
˳Ͳ׼ԼЩ֪ǸɻˣֱôˡȻ֮ǰȥи˵һ°š
СˣԼߴӽͲµˡӽ쿪ʼǷԱҲø¼ˡ
иһͣˣ͵⳧ӻû˾Ͳµˣ
ҶͬˣҲ¼ˡ
иﵹûɶӰ죬ǰɣԼʱҪʳԣɲҶ
ǿ϶ܰΪ˸ḺܸϺȵġ
аɣôŰɣиڰ֣ö˵Լȥͷֳ˻Լ
иͬ⣬֪ǲµˣôȥʰȥ
۴ӽ쿪ʼʽĹˣɲɵ˾Ϳιƴˣ
һڿԲµˣһʱҲ˶δ֪Ľţ˷ܵĻ
극ҾֺǺǵȥʰ
ʮŮ֪඼µظɻڶ˵Ǻܴŵġ
رСӵ˵Ҫ֪ǸɻԺǹ֮¶ֵĸˡ
ö˶զ£ǲµˣԺɶ
˵Щˣ֪ǶûŪզ£
˵ˣŮ֪ǺҪ쳧ˣԺͲµˡ
Ϣٴڴֳ󶯾ˡ
쳧
ﻹܰ쳧
ϢզŲء
˵Ƕкûˣ֪ˣϽȥи
иͷɶʱҪ쳧ˣ˼ԼŪģﲻǮ۹ܲţ
ӴҾͷˣǶĳӣǿ϶첻
Ȼ־ӳģͦڡ
ڴ۷׷׵ʱѾʰ˳ˡһͷģµǾ;øˣоҲۡ
Сų˳İ칫ҡ
ԺҪǲ߼տɶġ
Ҳûʹ˱ˡ
ԼǶԺ׽ģżǻмʿ֧ĿǰҪá˵볧Ĺʻ˳ԷԶⶼǱҪ֧ԺճάҲҪ빫ǱߵʦҲ֧Ҳ׼ôǮɶԺ󲻺ˡ
Գ壬ʮ顣߻ˣԺЧˣٻңҶûɡ
ҪǮĵ¶˭ʾû
⣬ȻǵĻûţӻûϣѾռʹ֪ũӹĹˡﶼй涨ģԺҰ涨£˭ҪΥ涨֯ţͿ顣컰˵ǰͷˣԺҪ˵ҺġΪ˴ҹͬļ棬ǾԲġͬ־ƽʱسӵʱලһ¡
Ҽල
㲻ͦ¶߶ͣɵúãԺû׼רŹܼˡ

ڴԱǿֵ۹УүүĳҲڵڶһôڣ񻹺ʽеĸ˸ס׼Ȼ֮ٳ
¾㱸ȥеˡ
֮£˶֪ȥȥˡ
֮ǰſŮ֪ǵ֣ôء
⳧ʰˣ֪Ǳ֪ԼõӶȥˣҲˣģģڻȥȥ
ⲻİġ


24 
⼸ʱ, سǻеͰѻӲֿװ, һ, Ϳֱװˡͦռλõ, ϲˣֻó͹ȥ
Ÿ, Ҳǿ˻ľ񣬸һЩ֧֣ҪȻۿɲôɡ
ЦŵǾͶлԺ۳ӿĺ, ֱˡ
ŸҲЦЦ
һСĳ, Ҫ׬ò׬Ǯ
ߵĻһװ̨˿ܾˣܶ඼˼ҷľɻ
Ȼ˼ҳҲ, ǺûþС
ҲƽЩˡ
ȻôʽбСʽУܰѳȥ
˳ĺ첼, ֱӹڳӵĲ, Լëںֽд˳ӵ, Ȼȥ˴컨ڳͷ档
ϲġ
Ÿˣͬ־ͦ֡
Цϲ¶, Ȼ֡
ҪǲܷűڣҪһ·űڻȥˡ
뿪ʱġʦǿȥռǱߡҪ˳ѧ
Ȼûбڣһ·ͻ𳵵ĺҲֵģһ·˺ܶ˵ע⣬ʱ򣬺ö˻أΪǹʲôˣ˼ҳֱӾ翪ˡ
˿Ӳдˡ
ռʹũӹֹ
ɶʱ򿪳ˣô֪
Դ֮ǰ֪ӵģǰɡ
ӵռ͵ʱ򣬸ˡ
ⰲźʱ䣬ʵڴ¹ʱ
˶࣬ÿóӿֵģõʱҲ⽨һأϣԺͬһá
찡ĸˡ
ǴģǱ߲˵û֧𣿡
Ǳǲƭ
ȥи׷¶զ£ǲǶ￪ĳӡǶ￪ģզֻ֪ء
ǵģǮӡ
иҲأЩ⣬ţôɶ˵ûоûУͷ񲻾ˣ
õ˵ˣöѾΧ׷ˡ
߸˵ûӣǶ𼱣ȻˣҪģʱ֪ɶ֪ǹ¶ûɶ֪ġ
װǸ¶﹤ǲԵôõģѰǮð£˼ҾŰװˡ
ŰװĹڳĿյϣվϸҽˡ
˻ͦ࣬ռһ˶ˣͿһĿȺǰ
ǣǸӣռҲԼļ׳ˣȻǽũӹԺǶҲߴԶȥͱˣ
վǰ˺⳧ӵզ°
Цŵ⳧֪ͬ־ͬŬĽ֪ǲϺȰⲻſ뷨õ˶׼Ҳõ˹Ǳߵĸ֧֣⣬ǵõе֧֣ṩ˼׳Ļе豸ǡ֮ܶڴҹͬŬ£֪ͬ־ǿļӹʽˣԺϣǶ֧Լӵĵλ
ⷬϢ̫ˡ
⳧ӻ֪Լġ
ؼ˼ҾȻõе֧֣ǻеǲҲ̫ˣṩ豸
ⶫྫ󰡣ô֧ˣ
ûɶضԱ˵гǴˣοôĻ
Ƕڻе˵⻹治ʲô
ؼǵûȥġ
иڴչˣǮôˣԹӴǶ˶ٵʲ
ӳȻõģԺǲ쳧ˣ϶ҪȥġϾ˼ר֧֪ཨõģҪǲ㽨裬˼Ҳһֱõġ
иʵֻ֪ã
ǰǻе֪ͬ־ǻŬũľжˣ˵Ҫ֧֪ཨũ塣ЩΪ˽ռʹӣ

иʱһˮͷϵĸоİġ
⻹ֻ֪õġ
Щ֪ı¸ЩģǸеɵ
Щɶȥˣڻڶˣװ׵֤ݰ֤˼һ
˵쵼ͻȻˣ
ڶԱǾͼ򵥶ˡ
ǱΪǶĳӣ˵˵Ϊɶֻ֪أһ֪ԼģһԼȡõ֧֣Ǿûɶȡˡ
Ҳ˵ˣЩΪ˰ռ͸㽨衣
û費֪ȷʵṩˡ
ǰҪʳԶ·أӣԷĹһˡ
ԱǺʹӸɲǵļ֤£иӳĺ첼ζռʹӵũӹʽˡ
ڴ˷ܵĹƵУռȻ𾪡
İѳӸˡ
ȻԱǲƽˣ֪ǵˡ
Ͼ֪ģ֪զһ㶼֪ء
Ů֪鳤ֲ֪࣬ûǸˡ
֮һ仰ǲҹܣ۹ܲš
Ů֪ǿɲֱǺǸˣԼŬɱֳɵġֲǸ𡣡
ǣ˿Լȥ
Լ뷨Ӱ˻ءǸȥ
֪Ƕʱˡ
Ҫ뵽ӣǻõڣ
Ůͬ־һ֪Ǿͻˡ

Ϊ˰װ飬̴Ҳææ꣬ﳧˣŻռߡ
ռһˡ
رǳ°
֮ǰ񵱸еĻֻᰮֵСѾͷ˼СѾͷһתۣˡ
Ȼ͹ʮˣ˼ǲǮͰѳӿˡ
б°
Լ༸ʮ꣬ŻӡҲǸСӳЩȨµظɻ
ǲడ
гϢ˺ûϢ˵Ĳࡣ
°ڼᶨҪȵ뷨ˣʵġһҪԼҺҲϢҲֻн˳ܺгϢ
ջؼңܵʷ߹Ĵ
ɩ˲裬˹ӻ°кԷֻһ
Ȼûԣøүү̳ԡ
ԺĲˣԺǼǳˡ
үүҲһ
ϾٳϢҲǿģŮƤӵء
°ҲǸģЦǰɸۼҳˡ
ͳһˣ̵̹ڵԽˣƢҲˡ
°Ц裬ﰡһֱԼˣ޶
ֵܼ˵ĻǸоڻǲһġ
ǿɲҸӣæĵͷ
°Ǿȥȥ¹ȥ
æĵͷ
ҵĹ
ҶسӵĻǲģ˼Ůͬ־ǲ㡣

ôӣ°ЩοЩơǰզûôģڵΪ˱תˡ
ռϻǺģӲŸտյ˼˿϶࣬мܶҲ֪Ҳиģ
һ磬ڻĺУӹҲʽˡ
˼һЩϰߣռһľʳӹɴˣֵҲУȻǰڹĳһҲһĻԼʳˣȻ߶ţԼȥϹȥ
ͷ⻹æϡ
Ȼ࣬ɴҶ˵òˡϾ⣬ӲܼԺ治µˡ
ô꣬˵ûɶȷ紵ɹµظɻ۵ˡ
ڶҲС
ǵ˵Ϳʼϡϡˡ
ˣһˣһһ룬֧˹ʵģɶء
ǻЩż
ɶǹôŵģ϶ȰԼģҪȻҶһʱæԼˣԽⵥˡ
ⵥ
Ȼȥӣſǳӿɲǰġ
ָָ
лҪ˵ôôգ


25 
һ, һûϹ, ͺ, Ѷˡ
, ﶼÿ
͵ɸɴ˼˾͸ˡ
°Լǹ, ͺ޵ҧ
·ӵʱ񻹰Ѷͭˣһ·ƵĿôͭ࣬ҪĴɤߺȣռͼ׳, ȥ
·ϵʱ, ǴһϹʱ򡣴ѾܾûֵĶˣǱȥ
׳ˣһռ͵, ҲˣռҲм׳ɶʱ¶զм׳ˣ
, ǲԶ, ԺҪ׼ľȥǱŪ, ͹һļǮʳֹǮҪ˶࣬ӡոǮǮ
һ, ˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡƽʱȥһ˹磬ɵˡ
˼ҹ׳ϰʱ俪¹Ҳȥȥһ˶صٵ
ռôһӣǾͷˡǮҲ࣬ҲǾء
ҪһԳһǧʳѽӡǶ֯ãǰȥǳԤȥ̫Ųÿÿ޶ǧһˡ
⻰ˡ
Ǯ࣬ѵȻð
һʣѾ࿪Զˡ
Щ˸ϽȥҶӳǰɢԼȥռˣȻǱźð
һ˵Ҳһٻ˼ңһǧʳС˼
Ҳʳˣ˲Ҳ԰ֻҪռ˾ͺá
һ·ߺȣȻҲûܶԶҲΧռ͸תһȦѡ
һ̨׻ʱ㲻ô⣬Ȱ߸ˣ˼ҸȻġ
ֻתôһȦҲ˴ʱ䣬зڳϳԵġ
͡
ô·̣û٣ǰͶʺбҪȺڰ⳵ӲõʱءҲ׬Ǯ㿴ʳɶģжǵģ˼ҲҲǮ׬ġ
һԼľ׬Ǯ۾ֱֱʿˮ
զǮ¶أ
񰡣˵ɶʱҲ
ɶأǸǮֲǸԼ˵ģҪǮöදӣô⡣ЧˣԺлһܲ㣿Ҫǲ㹱ҾͰŪ۶ܷ
Ǹϲ͵ˣˣΪĿ꣬⶯ԣöҾðգͷд棬ͺ۶ģҸȥÿȥ˶֪۶ļ׳ˡ
ˣ˵ˣֻҪˣǾõĵط
ͬ־
˶Ǵˣ˳ϲңӿɽҲξͽˡ
˿۲ҵʱ
ɱ߰ڶг
ˣгҲǳ̵ĵͷˣдĶ࣬ÿСȥ
ǵȻûˣô֪࣬дӣ
ǻȥʱռͱȽϽĶѾͳҪ׵ˡ
һͳˡ˻ͦࡣ
Ͼѽ͵Ĵʵǰ޹ˣ̫ϡˣҲ̫ϡˡ
ؼǻ޶ˣ˾Ҷո֡ҲԼҪġⲻͶϴ𡣶ֹһǧˡʮ˼ҾʹǧĻôϺš
һֱڳĸǿ˼ˡ
һôࡣ
һǳȥġ
Ҳ֪ôĵӣһԸôࡣ
ռͼ׳ͬ־˵׳Ӷ࣬۲ҪЧС
Ǽ֪ͬ־дλԶĿͻģĴιռ͵ļ׳
˵ʵڵģ˼⳧СƣҪܼףý治ߡȥǱ߻Ϥ㡣
֪ͬ־鰡ˮԹӣ̬ʵ̫ˡڹǱߣԼһġ
ǻֻܵҪɸӻžˣͷϳ³˿ϻҲ˿Ǿɸˡ
Ů֪ĬĬԼĸ첲ĵͬ־ܸɵŮͬ־Ҳܸɣ𣬶С
߶Ĵһ⻰͸ˡ
̫ʡ¶ˣÿμ׾µΪҪԼȥ磬ҪϻҪⶼҪҪ׳¶Ϊ·;ԼŶӵԭÿζҪһ칤˻۵ûš
Լ׶ÿÿ˵ҲǸ¶
ռ͸ôģǿǰ˴æˣֻҪŸﲻøɻ˺ˣгͣһҲ
Ͷʱ䣬ɵøϰ
ûû⣬ֻҪǰ׼ʳ
˫ˣŮ֪˵Ļƣ̫ˡ
еоϸƵġǰ˼ҹ̳ЩĿţˡ
˵ƴľǸ˼ʳĸɲϸţйþУ
Ů֪ҲǣֻҪµظɻϸš
յС찡̬ҪĸҪȻ͵һֱسˡ
ȥģ˭С죿һۡ
һȻ죬˭۳֪Ӳ
ɲӲǸࡣ
ռͼ׳ȥҲͶ˵ˡ
ͷĶڸɻôһۣռǸʰȹ绹¶
ǿ϶һ˼ҹɲţռ͵׻Ǵӿģǵ˿Ժһֱôɣ۾һֱȥռͣȥ
ûϵҲϽͶȥ׼ŵڶȥ
ǵǻصʱ򣬼׳Ѿ˺üˡ
׳ĹǸ˵ڳſӭǣ˵ǶɺˣһһŲȥˡ
ɶ滹иأ˼⻹̽׵ģеĴＸٻ˼ңҪ׼ģԺæÿ춼ҪŲġ
ΪڵĹͳЧҹ⻰϶ҪԹ̫æ
ΪڰЩ˵ʳĸˣͲԽԽã⻰Ҷ˷ܵ۾ð⣬ڴźĳ
ռʹӲ߻ڶż׳ߵĶ
Ϊиͦ۲ӵģ۲׬Ǯ⳧׬Ǯ׬ǮˣҲҪһֵΪʲġ۲°š᲻㰲ڴӲ棬ֳӵҲʰ
Ϊ֮ǰɶûҲò֡ѿʱ֪ǰѻˣǾˮһˡ
иţŮҲڿˣɺҲһܷءǶеصλֵģĴӵļ׳Ĺ˹ҲǶġԲòãЩ˶һڷԡ
Լļ׳֪Լģ֮ǰҲûת֧Ԯǣǰڸ㲻û룬Ҳòʵġ
ûˣǿ϶ҲҪҶæġ
и׼ʱ򣬾ӣԺ⳧¶иҲҪֵġ
иⶢ˼ˣۿų⿪ʼ·ˣ͹ŵͷˡ
Ͼô˼ңҼ׼ģһҲһΣеһΡôأ
͵ٹһˡ


26 
ɲ֪Լ⳧ô챻и, æ, ȥæ, ϻҪټŮ֪дˡ
һǴӾʮʮ, ҲֹԼӵĻҪӿռʹӵµĴӵĻ
ɾ͹ˡ
ٳЩطԶ, ɱ̫ߵĲȥԼм׳Ĵ֮⣬Ҳʮء
Сӡ
ҪСӣҪͲˡ
Ů֪ǰ˻첲ˣϻҪд, 첲̧ˡͷһηʸҲôõġ
, ֪ʶӲҪд𣬶дԺдĻء
һҲд꣬컹мǧʳĵ
ҲͬС
Ц, С
Ȼȥ̸žʵ֪Ǳզ
һֱǱߴ֪ء
, ۺ, 鷳һ, Ϊ飬Ҳ뵱鳤ˣ֮ǰҲ˽Ӱࡣ֮ǰӵ, ˣóȣѹ̫󡣡
ɲѹŮ֪鳤ܴŮ֪࿪ ֪鳤Ҳøɵ㾪춯صĴ¶У
Цͺᣬ˵Ů֪߶æˣҪд
Ȼǰæ
ô֪ʶӣðײãҲϸǣ̫ˡԼҡҪ̬ȺãԺлˣҲǲܸһᡣϾ֪࣬ϣҶá
á˵
߼֪֪࣬ǱҲйϵõģ˭ŴҶء
ҵĥĥǵӣҪȻԺ󲻷Ӱţ׻¡ҲҡϾŮͬ־ͬ־ﻹЩƲǡԺʵʵţԼͷ
ǵȻģ뿿Էܲͬţȥ˵˵ȥҲ˦ء
˵Ļû֪鶼á֮ǰҶũȻҲܲˣǺôûѡֻϰߡ
ۿ֪ͬŮ֪඼Լ˳ˣȻǸСƳӣɺôµˡ
˵ҲǸ˸λˡ
֪ʶӵĹ
Ϊˣڵʳءÿ춼ĥôҲ¶ʮŴӶ벻ˡ
黹ɣ㲻ˡ
еĻǶæϾǶˡܻǡⲻĽʡ
ĥ֪ߵ鳤ͬ־ü죬Ҳˡ
ñҳȥ˵һͺһЩˡ
ˣﷳҲûãı䣬ǵÿԼж
ͬһ֪⻪˵ףôжʲôûСܲѧ˼Ҳ׳ɡ첻ȥǸʹ˼˵ˣеƣһƬֻһߵŮ֪ˡ
ҶˣǱȥһ£õĲˣڿܻҪˡ
ļٵġ֪Ƕֱˡ
ϢӦʵɣϾ˿϶Ҫ˵ġ˵ˣڵŮ֪Ǳ߰취Ƕ࣬ǳԼûˡԺ׼ˡ
⻰Ȼ˵ЩˣҲʵʵڡʵҲû취Ϊʸϵ֪࣬ͱʵˡ
֪ȻЩŤҲֹԺҪУǿ϶ҲҪȥģ˭Ҳڵɻ
Ҷ˵׼д棬Ҫдأдꡣ׼ȥд֮ǰǿҲûæҲ˼ʲôȥæԺеʱҲ˵´ֱͿֲһæ
дʲôġ˻Ӧˡ
ô֪ʶ꣬ñʸӵ¶ǶС¶
еûӣҲкӵ֪һ˻ÿŮͬ־
Ҫǲ⣬ҲԲ롣
Ҳǲ⣬ʵҲûʲô
ЦУҪ⣬Ҿȥ˵˵һЩֽʻ
ţϽϣҲһȥɣҺôǸͬѧ˵
ҲС
˼ʱ˸ۡ
һֱ֪߶ŴҹԼҲżдһţĺʱЦһ£֪ⲻҪǮͶˡ
һȥÿһ
һûֻ֪ʵͬ־ôô
˵Щæˣʹͬ־ǱߵˣҶǴ֡
಻˼
۶֪࣬æӦõġ
Ҳǻ˵ĳ滰ѣþգҲУȻôˣҲˡ
Ȼ溰ЩǦʺֽų
ֻ֪ǷʮŵҲ࣬һ˼ž¶
ҪдĹϡ
ǿ϶ûġ֤
ֽ׼ˡһ˶죬׽أͽȥˡ
߰ͬ־ߴٵ
Ų鲻ԸˣĵԺеǻᡣ
˶һ϶дˣڶͽȥȥ
ҼˣǰܺģЦǰˣ
еˣΪ۴ӷǻ˵ûеͶҹ١
˹Цûֲַʳ㻹ٲ
뿪Ҫȥµظɻأ¡¡ˡ
϶һʳʳ滹һȺˣÿҪȻͦˡ
һͳˡ
ⲻϹ֮ǰڴӾͰʳװϳˣȻϹˡ
ռʹӵԱµ֪࣬Ǹɶأ
ڴ깴ӵģ߼׼ġ
⻹óȥӣ
ǿɲΪȺڷ
ڳϵ˺Ǹñӡû⻹רء
һȺĽ۹У׳ȥ
ԶͻȻ뵽Ӵôʳһͣˡ 
Ȼһʱ䣬׳Ļûզͣ
ЩϸųģŶŵˡ
˼Ҳżһͻȥģһߡ
ܱȥļ׳ǿʱ򻹵ҹ·ء
Ů֪ҲæĽŲմصģСֱӿŴ浹ʳֻװһ͡
պ͸߿ֻˣǸǮǼǵġ
絽һֱڽˣЩֱʳˣЩյֽ𣬼ּëģһģﶼ˷ܡ
ΪλˣЩռͷõ¶һʮʮ٣ܶӵ˶ռ߸ӹˡżȥӣҪȻԸŶӣҲռ͵ĳӹȥӡ
һö죬涨ÿϢ֮⣬ʱ򣬻ûͣ
µµˡ
շѱ׼ǼëǮһٽĥӣշѱ׼һǮһ
ȥѺͲͷѣͷȷãÿ촿ҲжʮǮ
Ϊ̫Се٣׬ࡣ
ȻҲѾܲˡϾҲʮˣũ幤ʱ׼ߣһ˶ʮʮġΪÿʮ˿Ǯ֮⣬ͨÿµĹʱ׼ʮǮػΪҪһǮѡ
һµĹʿҲֻҪһٳͷʣµǮǶǴˡ
ɶʵʵõǮÿԱǷǮһҲëǮ롣һҲǮò
Ǻġ
֪ͬ־ǣܸҲǽũĳɼ
ΪôҸģȻûһ£µһΪÿ·ʵӡ
µûҲµһΡ
ʮһǰһ죬깤ڰ칫ŵƣøˣȻÿ˷ʡѡֽҲѡʳ
찡쵽ǮˣũЩ꣬û켸Ρ
ЩŮ֪༤۾ˡ
֪ɻУÿεǷ﹤֣ʳԣö궼ǮˡϿǮ֧ŵġ
ÿǮ оһġ
⻹ǿʼԺǳӻԽԽҵԽԽ࣬ԺҲҪѧ﹤ڷ׷⡣
õǮʳˣʵʵڵĶ֮ǰĹҲֵˡĹҲɾʮ㣬û˵ģɣ
ԣɣվӵ
Цŵڣżһ죬ۿȥسȥ·Ҫˣ۾˵ȥ
˵Ʋ¶𣿡
Цŵɶ۾Ҫ¶¶Խ࣬Ժ׬ǮԽࡣ
յǣģд𣿡
ǹӣ


27 
ֹôҰùʵ¶, ԼҲռ
ؼҾ͸ТǮ, ȥԡ
ҶһǮ㻨Ǯ
Ҷ˵, ҲУ
ôҲ˳, ȻԸģҲ㡣
Ҷ̫ϲˡ׹׼, ڻһǮءȻ࣬ɺôҲǮͷȥﻹͷء
°ʵ˷٣
Ҳû٣ϾҲûһ£ͼǮ
¾ͼǮ, ʵʵġ
ռ˶, ԼڵɻһҲͼǮһܷĳء
رСӳԼСӳɵıˡ
ΪСӳʹӳһ, Сӳֻ¶ûõġ˵ĺأȲˡ
°, , 㿴ⶼһ, ҲɻˣͲ氲Űţ
Цŵǻ˵, лҿ϶ŰˣҶͽ㶼ʶְɣɶѧ
°治ĲСѧˡ
Ҷ˼ˣɶСѧûء
дɶĶдզ⳧ǶҪʶֵġҪö֣֪ôάϵ˳ӣٽＸǧﶼسӵģҲҪʶֻ¼ῴ˱
һô鷳°ûôࣿ
ǵȻҪȻΪﳧզôѽֹҪﻧڣþλйء϶УԼǸ¡ͽҪλѧ֪ʶ
۾ֱˣһˣ֮ǰ˵ҵġ
ȥдܲдǴæÿôæɣҪ㰲Ÿµĸλһݹʣ˸ɣ˼⣿磬ΪǣΪҡѧ֪ʶզˣСѧ֪ʶ𣬻ͷǡ
Ȼ̽ǣ˳Ҳϰһ֪ʶԺȥѧҲҪл֪ʶġ뿪ѧУͰ֪ʶӵˡ
ͷû⡣
ҶҪѧ
ҪɣǾҪѧΪǺáҿֹͽ㣬ҲҪѧ
ҲҪѧҿСӳʶֻ
ﹻ㿴˼ҹĸɲǶҪибҵģҪĶļдļ磬ҪɲˣöԼҪһ˰ɡ˵˵ĶԲԣ
°ûԼ⼸ӣŵ˸λ棬ҲǸɲ¶ġ
Ҳ֪ôǰҺúѧҪæˣǣ
֪ʶˮƽռˣүү̻غϢ˺ݣͰ̸ڶ̣֪ܶ˿ЦأҾЩЦ˿ˣûռҵ
˵̶׼ȥϽǴţء
񽻴ˣʹӦˣģҵЩۿ˵͵ĶռǶгϢ޶ۼһ˼ʮ
Цẉ̂ô䣬ҿɲ˼Ҿѧϰġ
͸ÿ䣬ôϢͷ˵Բԣ
үү͵ĵͷҲҪȥЩֵǴ
̸˵ĻǮ˯ϺԼϰྣҼǳϢ㿴϶ϱǵԣ֮ǰƲҼڻǿˣ
үүҲýԼҵŮǻ
̵ġ
鲻һ°ͬ־ڴϷȥ˯ž
Ȼ˯ĺһвģ˵˵ռҵ֣ôô󣿿ǳˮˡûϢ
в˵ץץԴⶼļԼĴڸˣզ¶裬Ҫǽˣˣ
°Ǿֲá
вĵ⣬ҺҸһġ˼ֲһ
°ʱɴ۾˵Ӱռˣ
ûûûңҡвľԼԩˡȻˣû뵽һģǳ°ͬ־һᣬ뵽ˡͦеԼ͸һǿ϶ϱһԡ
Ȼ˵
Ȼû˵ɳ°ԼôˣţڴϣҾͲˣҵ޶ûãǰûúỵ́ҾộҿǻûгϢҺúöѧѧˣҿզǽ
ɳɳɣҶţӱšвԼϱˣڶǰӵĻеġʵڲҲѧѵǡⷨӻͦõġ
ռֵĪĴ˸
ڶҲϢһ죬ö˶ȥǵĳҪȥسǣ磬˳糵
˳糵ǲѵģΪ񣬺ǮﶼǮһ֡
ֲ࣬ûռˣЩþ
ǣϾڼĲƲۿɲռǲǣ˵ˣϸˮԺҪǴҶ֧֣⳵ӾܶʱسˣҶˡ
ôһ˵̹ˡǮҲֱ࣬Ӹˡǣôȥ
˹ʣȥȥ
ԱǾȵôͷ
ǿɲÿµ׷ʣԲǷ
Ӵιÿ·һǮǺͳ﹤һġ
ʷ١
ЦҲ࣬һʮǮ
ʮǮࣿ
ͳ﹤ûñȣڴﰡȿˮҪǮǴûطǮһһٶ
һһȺεεС
һũ׳׬Ļء
֮ǰûԼ˽ӣΪ֪֪Լġûȥ롣
뷨ջġ
ʵջˣ¶׵ˡ
Ȼˣ񰡣⳧ӻۼСɽܲȥ
Ҳ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ЦԺ϶ҪƸģǳƸҲҪģѧûѧҲҪסйԡҲͳ֪ʶɡ
⻰ö˶ͬˮһġ
ǿûӽСѧͲˡ
ˣһͷˣк
ҲЦӦˡ
س˳񣬡ҪйЩ֪զ찡
ҪǲΪǣҲͶ˵ôˡ
ɶ˼
гû۾󡣡

ӣͷ֪ˡ
ĵڶƻũ϶ٲѧУڴҲӽСѧûöຢӶͯûѧءô֪ǽʦԴò˷ڵڶǰѧУһ˵֪ʶˮƽһҲ֪ľҵ⡣
¶ûɣҲôҶ֪뷨һСй¶ȥˣǲ¶
ʮþ˵
˹ֵʱȥеߣҪٸλһ̨ˣͱӻˡһ棬ҲҪ̨ӵĻλλöʶ֪ʶҪԡ
ţүүҲڶﴵˡ
ţ¶ռʹԱǵĻܡ
һͨ¶ܸοռ͵һҳӷ¶ء
Ҳ˵ôֱףȴТ˳ʼ˵Ҽ񰡣̫Т˳ˣһʣ͸Ǯԡ
ȻȻľͽӻˣˣô죬ٰ
̾ͿʼˣĿɶˣ۶׳Ļࡣ
Ȼ˵˵ˣԺֹҪʰҪѧﵥλףڵĸء
Ĺ˰
һǿۺˡ
˭һûӰˣԼʮֵĹֶòأ˼ⶼˡ׳õĶࡣ
˭ܲۺ찡
̣ܲܺ˵˵ԼŪȥ
ĵӴҼǶء
ⵥλйصģ˵ˣû֪ʶĸɲҪѧ˼ҵλء
ɶ
ǾͲ֪ˣ϶֪ʶӲܿġ
лҪ˵ôôգ


28 
ֹռ͵Ĺۺ쳧ĸλ, иҲۺĲˡ
֮ǰóӲǮ, , һֱ֧ء
ûȵ, ǵȵ˼ҷȥسˡ
ۺǸˡ
ܲۺһӳ˵ĺ, ʵҲߡҪǳӺϱ氲ˣЩ˲ҲøͶ
иòܵˣ߸ֻҪ֡
ϾҲǶ¶
ûҴӲĸɲǿ˵ӵ¶ģĸ˸⡪ռʹӼ׳Ļ顣
һ, ﻹܲ׵ġ
ʲôİ, ˼Ǳ߳ӺأиǸ¶
ڴӲĶռˣȻҲΪԼԱģҪܰѳӴ֪Ǳ߸, ǲҲǶԱкô𣿵ڵҲռ͵ˣҲܲҪĺԼǰɡԶ¶Щ, ڻҲûʲôۡ
رСǷԱ, ӡͦõġ
Ȼ֮, д˸ֽӸ̣ת
ǲ֪Щ¶ִеǱһ̨׻ˡ
ù˵ҪĶ, ߸˵ضˡ
ӳʱ򣬿ɰĽˡ
񰡣Ҫӻ
ǰæüӻҪ׼﹫ƸͷдƸҪ󣬷ҪĶμйԡ
һˣһϢֻˡ
ɶҪ󰡣Ͻ˵˵Щ˵Ȳˣȥͼﺢ˵˵ǰ׼
Ҳ˵Ҫѧҵд㡣
һӾųöˣҲѧģͼҴҵĻؼˡ
Ҫ˵¶ҲǸ֪ءΧǳҪˣ
ǰϾҪͬˡ
֪Ҳμ𣿡
Ȼһͬʡ
һЩ֪ദĺõŮ֪ҲϽȥͨ籨ˡ
ܿ죬֪ӳҪй¶ˡ
صʱռҲ¶
ֱӴ󷽵ѧҵд㡣Ҫȥɡ
Ƕʱġ
ռҲһҪ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
Ҫȥˣ˷ʱ䡣
°֪ͬɶʱء
룬ҲȥμӿԿ
°Ծ͸ˣǣǿɶ
ǰ֪ء
Щ۵Ĵ˸Ƿ⻹ûأҲܺ˵Ҫ˵ˣ⳧Ҳͷˡ˼ȥٱһٱһ׼ؼԺȫ̧ͷ
̱֧ͦСߺŵ˵ģһŮ⳧ȫ˸Ŷˣû¶¶ƾ¿ȥΪɶһǼһˣ
°
ҪܻҲԸ⣬ؼҪǵ˳ˣ⹤˻ܵ
ǿ϶а
°Ҳ޻˵ˡ
ͷšĶ䣬Ͻúѧ֪ʶȥ
æһ죬Ҳû˵ɶ˷׼ȥ˯
ս̾͸һֽСģġ
ƵĴ򿪿ֽۣϵ֮üͷˣЩӡ
̵дɶˣ
ûдɶͶ֪ͨúúùӡ
Ǿͺá̾ͷˣתҲصϢˡ
ˣִֽ˿ϸϸƷƷ
ıҲͷˡ
ʵϵˡ
ӣ˵иժӣǳ¶
һ˵ڼҵҲ֯ŵġ֮ȨҲ֯š
⳧Ӻر𣬴ͷβ֯涼ûвͣеⶼԼġ
߶ûֽ
߶Ͻһ塣
ڳŸտȻҲûϽ档
иôȻǵȵżˡ
Һ֮ǰһȥˣи䶯ߵĹҲǲܵġ
иˣ治ˡ
ϧڻû򡣻ǵȰѸŽŽһ£ŽһпŽܰ
ڶһ磬øȥйͨȥͳſǱߣԼ̸
ֱӵйͬ־߿϶Ҫìˡ
ͦģڶܲˡ
ڰ칫ߣĥҲˣɣλᣬȰǹ£ˡ£鷳
ȵǴӹˣȻҺܸԸṩһЩᣬҵ˵ʵҲǰˡ֮ǰʵֵأΪŮ֪ĸı䣬ܸ꣬ĻɵҲþˡǲùܡҸôṩλҲǸ׵¶
Цˣ԰ҵҹǡͬ־Ͼͺˡ

йͨҳȥ֮¹ö˾֪Ϣˣˡ
йͨдҪ˵һҪѧҵдġҪйԡ
ݾѧ׶εĺѧټ˼Ʒº͡
ѧͰѺö˸סˡ
ɲ˭ҺӶеģرǰЩҶӣ췹Բˣ˭һͺȥ鰡
ҿ֪ʶҲũֵˣ˾͸ˡ
ռͣбҵģҲʮ⻹ſƵԭ
Щþ˵ܷܲſϾ۶յģͬأչչ
վϴǣ⻹ǽҪأйǶҪ͹ũѧҵĴѧġҪҲˡ˵ˣҾûѧҪ󣬲ҲҪйѧûզѧ֪ʶأ
Բͳˣ
ǿ϶Ҫ˵ΪɶҪ㿼ԡΪɶأҵȻΪ˴ð
Ҫԣǿɶйأܲ˭ףҾ˭ǲǣ⻹ɶ˰ֱҼＸֵܽӲ¶ˣҪô˵˭˺óԵĺúȵģҾ˭òĲûˣΪ˸ṩһƽĻᣬΪ˺áҵˣ˭ҲƫƾѲǻԼûģ
ô˵ûˣҪǷˣ߹ϵ
˵׽˭ֱȵвļҵļءвļңбءզҲֲԼҡ֮£ǿԸס
ӻʱ˽ˣˡ˵ǲֻģЩ֪಻μӰɡ
Щ֪ɸ֪ʶء
񿴵ȺеĿʼż֪ˣشզܲǲμأӾ֪彨ġ¼ȡ֪ģҲ۶ͬȻᣬǿΪȡġ԰ҶˣϽü
Ҳ֪֪ͨ⻰úе͸¼ȡЩ֪డ
ǵȶԱ֮󣬼֪͸칫ңľ߱ʾ
֪࣬⳧Ҳ֪彨ģӦȰ֪డôܰѶҲأȻ˿϶ȲǣǷջǴڵġ
⻰ֱӰˣ̫ˣǾԼˣ
⻰˵ֱ˴ֲ֪Ƕˣû뵽ôֱˡĻرˮƽ
Щ֪ЩôأԼոҲô˵
񳰷ǻΪ̫ûˣҪǲô˵ˣŲﶼҪȡǵĿʸ⳧˵ĺ֪ģɹҵֻǴأڴӼƲҪˣǾǼԿ˶Ҳִ֣ˣҲõôΨһĺôŮ֪Ҳöл⳧ջȥ
֪ǣ
һҪۣɶϵҲҪˣŮ֪ҲЩ֪ʾ𣬡Ҫ
֪ҲˣӲͷƤ֪࡭
֪࣬ҲûһŮ֪ࡣ˵ˣǹŮ֪ģǹ֪ġӰţ˸Ǹ𣿡
񻰣ֱӵ
˺ˣǲԡǻȥʡһ¡Ͻ֪ǳȥӡ
ٴŮ֪˴۵֪ǻͷˡ
Ҳûһȥ


29 
·, ֪ǾǱߺ, һ䡣
Ϊ, ǵĶɾˡƫƫû·
˵ʵ, ǺദʱģҲȥˡ⵽զ
, ֳɵġ
֪ǣȻĿģҲ˵ί㡣
ûüģЩλҲǴġ⳧ӣǵ˵, ѲԼǵЩŮ֪ҲǱûԵķƴһѵġ˵˵, ƾʲô͵ôչǣ
Щ˵֪ǲ˼̧ͷˡ
˵ҲǻᣬҪһѣ͵÷šǸ쵼ǿЩŮ֪, ߣǲǾԽԽˣ
ͬһ⻪ǣ
, զ, ǰ, ˼񻹲һǣǿûκκôһѰǿķ, Ű취ȰȰҪȻùǡ
ͬһϵͬ־ҪҺͬ־˵˵İţܹҰɡҲܣҿ϶Ǽ쵼ģԲᷴŮͬ־Ҫӡ
⻰˵رҪˡ
˿С壬һũҪҪӣͻȻЩˡ
̾Ҳ֪ܲߵ¶ˣҿ۾ֱͬ־ӹˡóŽȥᣬͶƱҪǴҶͬ⣬ȥǴ˵һ¡
֪൹û˵ԵĻˡ
Ťĵͷ
ȻŮ֪쵼еɶ˼б¡
һҿɲһֻܱ֤ܾ
Ľѹûκûӹ̯ˣԼҲ˼δ֪Լǰ첻¶ģҪı״ֻܿŮͬ־ˡ
ЩĥҲûǰˣЩ죬Ů쵼Ҳûɶ˼ҵλ治ҲкЩŮͬ־쵼
Ҫǽ˳ӣǳҲ쵼ء
쵼һǡ
ֵǵ˵˵ͬȥ˵һ£һ֪ߵĳ⡣
Ϊѵͬˡ
֪߻ȥ칫
ֱӰѸǰųȥˣЦӣô
ЦôһĺûͷӬһģڶָǵ쵼ء㿴ɶʱǡ
żõ̫ˣǾͲ֪ϧҪŽһпŽšһӰ¶Ǿ͵ǾԵķ֯š

һ죬֪߶ûõţЩȲˡ
رչķأȵЩˣߵϢ
߸Ϣǣæй⣬ϳҲæ˲ϱġҲԥΪӹش󣬶Ҳͬ־Ժ󲻻Ӱšʱķģֲ˺ô
˿ǵĳ⣬д֤ɶģǩ֣ȥúȰȰҲӶƽʱΪ˻ùûҶɲ˵ûɡ

˵ʵڵģ⼸죬ûƢˡ
ɶ취УֻҪܸıһ״Уǩ֤Ҳûʲô
Ҷǩһ
͸һ֤飬ϻǩԼĴڶǩ½½Ҳǩˡԥһ£涪ɴҲǩˡ
֤ЧǺܲģͻţ˵¹֮ǵǿ
֪˵ǺϢˡ緹ˣһȺֱ
ųţŴӰ칫ҳ
Ϊ֮ǰǣЩ֪࿴ˣЩΡӰװڵͦãʱ򣬻ĪĽţͺͼ쵼һ
Ҳȷʵ쵼ġ
žװ۾·ӡ߻վ´ɱӵĸѵСɲӣǵ¶ͬ־Ѿ˵˺öˡȻó˳ˣ֮ǰЩԥҲͲ˵һˣԵ˽顣Ҿ˵һ¶κε֯ǶҪԷ쵼֯ŵġ֪鳤ȻûɶȨǱϾѡң˵ǳҵ쵼ģôϣδҵκξߣǿվȨҡǶԴʲô𣿡
ͬ־Ƕû˵Щ졣
ǲڣ
ûϴƹƣ֧֡
û˼ڣǸϹˡ
ܺãȻҾ˵˵ҵһߣγй׼֪һһ
֪Ƕ̧ͷˡ
ͺȡˣھֻʣһ
ƾ𣿡֪ະ
Ÿ˵ˣͿʼˡܲһοһأСӦǸշ鱾ģ¿αüǿˡΪ֪ϡ

ҲǵõйͬġȫͶƱԭ򡣡
Ů֪ǵͷ
ǰ˵ˣô֪ˣӵ˵ʱ϶֣¶ִˣû׼Ӱǳӵ״
һȥΪ˵İȡ
õҲԼŮ֪ǵȻûˡ
ҵĵһ߾ҪԲ鳤쵼Ҳı䲻ҵľߡ˭Ҫ֯ģٸֿԻȥˡ

֪ǻ࿴˿ûһж
Ͼ֯Ҳı䲻κνйҲһܵԼʱԼˣԺκλᶼûˡ
֪Ĭߡ
ٴԼ֧֡
ܺãȻôˡԺҲϣҶָˡˣԺͬ־ǱߵԱˣʲô¶֪ͨҲϣҲҪΪŽŽһԺһԽԽõġ
⻰ϸ˵Ĳˡ
оԼƨûİⲻгɹԱʲôǴͬ־ĿءϿɡ
ҶǹӣǣŮͬ־Ȼϲû
õҵĻֻ֧񻹵õõߵĳϡܳΪռʹӵ֪ͷͷ
ű֤飬ȥһ˴Ǳߡ
ӵĸɲҲעй¶أˣΪй¶û뵽˼ǱƾΪ֪쵼ˡ֮ǰֻŮͬ־ģͬ־ǱҲˡ
иɲȤ񰡣ԽԽϢˡ
մռ͵ĹˣҲǿǵˣŸӵġҪҳء
˹ЦвļֶŮͦ˵
ӳи߽Цɫˡ
ˣ͵ɶ¶
ҲûЦˡ֪и鲻áҪ쵽˼ҳȥģ˼ͻȻҪйˡڶﶼ¶أƫƫ񻹸˸йԣҪƽܵö˵֧֣иʱҲûֵĻᡣ
ЦӳҲûɶ£֪Ǳ߶ӣƼҵ鳤ⲻ㱨һ˳㰡ҲͶӳ˵ϢҿǵǶĻˮƽй¶Կ԰Ϊȡһ¹ǿڼ۶һڵġ
⻰ɲǶʱ
ﵱɲļﺢƫࡣԱμӿԵ棬ҲǸɲĺӡ
񰡣¶ˣ
ǿɲҿˣܻҪŵġ
иһ̣Ҳһ
Ӵӳɱٰ˿ͷԺ᲻Ͷ𣿵ȹӰǳﻹեͻʱ򻹵ӹԽԽˣԽԽˣⶼǻᡣ
и־ܡ
⳧ӷչٺãҲиûϵ
ɲǺܸˣ񰡣ģ
Ȼˣ˵֧֣һֱĵġ
úúãҪչŮͬ־ҲЦŵ
ЦҲ۶Ӳ룬ЧðǮˣӱĶŪͷҶֵܶ⡣
̹ӸɲϲġĳɼҲû⻰ˡбµ˵һĭһġ
иһûϢһ͸˳ɶˡ


30 
׼˼, йԾͿʼˡ
û˳дԾ, Ծй¶, ֻһŰֽ, Ȼ⡣
֪ʮˣƴ˴յҲʮ߰˸ˡ
һʮ, ڶĹ㳡£һ˰ԼҵСӵӡ
ڼ䣬߾ԱǲҪȥ㳡Ŵԡ
һֱ˰ʱ䣬ԲŽ
֮ռҶˣڰ칫һȺŮ֪Ծ
ԵĽԤ֮ˡ
ȷʵĲ֪ǡ
ϾЩ֪Ǻö඼Ǹ̫ˡ
֪, õ, Ǻ⣬Ͼ˼Ǻܲġ
￼ĺӦҵģ֪ʶûӣҲϲѧϰ, Ҳ֡ҲܷԤڡ
˿Ծ׼ˡ
һϵ̫׽ˣǲǳɼõ, ܻ뷨, ԺļƻЩӰ졣, λĿϡΪ滮˸õδ
Ȼ٣õ, ֪δ֪֪ʶҪԡ
ӣҪȥȽϺá˸УԺ߿ָˣϴѧļҲ
ǱߵֵָˣǿһµġԼҵˣˣԼܲл
°࣬ôǼǳɼԼռߡ
ռҲ¹ˣؼˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ͼһ͵¶ˡ
ǲμӿԵģڼһѧϰռ˶ЩΡ
ԼҲܵǡ
ʵ񰡣զ
ЦЦȲ˵ɼ뵱ˣ뵱ѧ
⻹ѡģʵ
ǿɲѡҲǺҪġԼ룬ũСˣԺȥѧ
㣬ѡҵȻ뵱ѧġ
°񰡣զ£զѧˣ
Ц۶￼ĵһ
һ˶ʱֿ˷ܵ濼˵һǲģгϢгϢ
үүҲܽǺҵġ
вģ
ǵŴѧ¶ʵ㣬˵Ǹѧզ°
һֱȥе¶ţҰѳӰɼˣԺ͹ȡȻôӰ㡣û뵽ôϢ˸һҾϸһĥҶǳˣбµֵɶʱ򵱹ǶûģɹȥͲˣ밡ͶȡȥС
°е˺ã
Ͳ˰ɣֻһ壬׼С˸ˣҰǱ߾ͺСȥũѧ⹤ũѧҪôбҵҪôнܳףҪô˵ģۼҪɶûɶģֻУҰǱ߾ͺòˡҶǴӸбѡȥĴѧ
˵ⷬǱ۾ģʱ򶼻ָ߿ˣòվǿͬ־ˡ
ռ˲֪ôĹ滮·ѧѾˣ͵бҵȥһġһĲˡ
˹Ȼˣǹȵϴѧ
ũѧģҪڴеʽƷġ
һũСܱȵϵġ
Ķ˵ˡ
°ʿˮ񰡣֣ܡ
Ҵ磬Ҷ磬ҽ㣬Ұְŵĺúõأ㻹
̵ǣǶϢġҪΪչңҲðŵĺúõġ
ҲΪү̸ˣ֪үżǳϢԸΪġ
үүοˣ˵Ĳ溢ǻرŮΪǸء
ҲжĲˣ㣬á
׵ܵܡȻöá
һûжˣҲ׽㡣Ҷ㻹ס
Ҷ
ֿʵĴռھʹ֮׵ˡ
¶ȥ
ڶһ磬ûйԳɼֱȥ˴Ӳߡ
֮ǰˣÿǹָӵģҲÿӶУҪȥȥ͹ȡ
ǰȡģЩеҲֵˣҲûںˡ
رиӽĴӳ͸˵ˣȡŹ֡
ȻҲ˵ܹȥȡһȫûġ
ӸɲǸϰأͿˣʵ񰡣һɶ°첻ǳɼ𣿡
ɱ˵ˣҷء
εզ£
һǼ
⻰ɲɫЩˡ
ԼҺӿҲвμӿԵءԼҲûˣ
ҲǼˣСʡ

Щʡ˸͵
϶ͬⰡ˵ڲˣˣܸɶ
һĥզͲˣʣ۶ûи֮ǰˣܶҲиģզǶûأҪǼȥУҾóˡ
⻰ʵڶ˭
Ӵ⻹ûע⣬ֻǵһͼҴҵĻؼҺͼˣҪԼȥ¶Ҫ֮ǰǾûڶɶ¶ˡ

ܵɲҲ˾֪ǲ˵
ɱ¹ֲ˵¶ýҪȻûڶɶ¶
¶Ҷӳ
ǷԱСȥˣиˡ
и̫Ѩһͻɶ°
˵İ¶˵ˡ
и̫ѨͻͻͻĶˡΪЩ꣬ЩóȥһЩɲļˣ˼ҺܻлλԱȽϿЩ˵ˣҲûɶã˼ֵ顣ﺢǵֵأһ
ӳҾǶﲻһֱûģҪȥǱʣզ¡ⲻ۸Ǵ۴ӵĺӾͲˣ˵ˣǼø츣һͥԴϲǴ˵Բԣ
εҪȥһ¡Ӧòɶ¶
ǵȻȥʰʱʳ˲
иϽԴǸҹɶҾܽˡ
УǼȥˣ
šиͷ
ѧȻѧˣҲûɶӰ졣
ѧУѧϰԾʦǶܲѧˡ
һͷȥȡһ¡иüͷ¶ЩѶȡ
УиͣҪǹ粻ͬ⣬ұȥզ£һҪһ¡Ƿ֯֯ҲҪԵȺǲǣи壬ȸӰɣûȥҶҪȻǲ
иĺˣͲð⺢Ӵ
лҪ˵


31 
иһӳ, ȥĥȥҹϵ, ¶, 㹫Ǳû, ҲŪһġ
ɲġ
˶ӣ͸Ͻȥ˹ߡ
Ȼ˰¼ȡ˵ָĳɵڶҲӻƼҵĵܵܡ
, Ϊʲôѽⲻܵ𣿡
̾ΪҵܵܣҪӰö˲Ϊǳӵȶһй, ۾, Ժл
ô˵ǶЩơ
ɶ¶Ҫǵ˵뷨Ϊ˳ԼϵˣܰŽ
յ, Ҳ̫ί˰ɡ
֣û¶ⶼʱ, ֻҪǳú, , ˵Ժлġ
磬йԵͳ˺¼ȡͳˡ
Ȼû¼ȡ, ɳɼϻֵġἺΪ˵ľȻҲø
ֵǿҲ
զһû¼ȡ
͵Ҽ˵ˣСμӿҲԼû뵽ܿϡỹøˡȥ飬ûĻ
ͣ˶ɵ
е˺õġûǮã˿ǮġȻ־ֵÿ϶ġ
ԺɵӲźء
ӻƵĵܵͬ־˵ı˸ӵͲµˣʽĳΪ׳ĹˣֻҪϰУÿ¿ùʡ
øǣ粻ġ

ЩûϵЩɥ֮ǰЩûѧϰûЩҵûġ
ҲģԺأԺҪŪեͻĻҲԽԽ࣬ʱ۶˻أұĶ
⻹ûü˵ĻͲˣɶұĶ۶ôզأ
ⲻ۶̫ξôЩ˲μӿԡԺԽԽˣҪҪϸǲǣбҵǲܱġ
һҪбҵԼҼĺСѧûأʱżˡ
ܲżͬռ͵ˣƾ˼Ҷ˼飬ӾͲһˣ
ȴɢȥˣ֪Ƕͷɥġֻϸ߸˵İŮ֪ǸɻٲȻԼѾɳһԱˡ
ɶɶǶ鱾֪ʶԭ򣬻ȥúÿ飬֪ʶһᶼ׼˵ġ
⻪л𣿡
ȻˣҸ˵ĻҲˣӿ϶ҪġԺ϶бĻᡣҴƭˣŮ֪ࡣ
ǳ˵ǿ϶㻰ġ
֪鳤ʱ˵Ҫǻˡʵʵڵ֤
ȥúѧϰ´λֿϣʱҡǶͬ־ҪлϣǿƴľġóǵӺ

磬ռ͵˶ڷй¶
ǰ׳ǹϵǼ׼棬ڲһˣڻйء
ǰӻλҾбټӻġ԰ʱ϶лᵱ˵ġ
йӲ̫ϸˣѧҵԼСѧûͻء
Щ˵뷨ҪҪԼҺӸȥ顣ǿǵѧУ̫Զˣص¶ûɻֿʼԥˡ
ռҲۣ۵ǲȥС
°ǸóȥǺ۵ġ
ԼѵһֵصĺӣľͰѻóȥˡӾͺͱһġ
˵°ˣҲЩϧ
ûɶĻƲɼǻܾͦþ
סһģӶˣи͵øۼҰϣģܲˡ
ⶼѧô иа취𣿡
°ĵ
Ϊ˭֪˵ӾҪȥˡ
ѶȾʹˡ
˱죬Ǿ̫ʵˣģɶ¶ǶиÿˣҲ¶ģܻһȱġ
ЩȱڵȻΪĳЩҪʿļͻȻҪĶõģһ쵼ͻȻҪһòǲǻ¶
˵ˣô࣬ʵȥеûˣʵУϰղ֪Ϊ˶࣬ҲΪһûɶõĸȥҶϰղʣɴҲȥⲻȱ©ˣ
Ƿģⶼиòĵ¶㶨ġ
ҪǸ㲻զ죿
вĵĵ
иǴӳͲǼҷƽʱ˵Цģ¶ʱǶŴӳ׶ء
˼һƨúúõģ͵ϴӳˡ
ЦЦģ㶨ģ㲻Ҫ¶
ôû;òԾˣϸһҲദè
пɲһ˵¶Ƕ˼ҵ¶
˼ҺԸԸȥһ£һӳռʹӶͬڵģԼˡԼ˵ĶóȥƨˣиͲõҵΡ
ӳǹģڵĿںŲƶũƶũӳˣ㻹ɶӳ

иĳԷûθڡϱ˵⳧¶ԼҶᰲŽȥ쵽ε
ڹôŮ֪࣬ȥˣҸҲһЩ
ӳϱǲ֪ͬģ֪ûҰģ̫ӵ˼ЩĶҽףģҲϡҲи֪ϱ뷨ˡ
㿴ɶʱ˵˵ҲǸӳȨûаɡôһСѾͷ
иӣˣ˵ˣ
ϱһզˣҲû˵ɶ
˵¶ˣˡģô¶أ
զˣ㲻ϱʵ
ˡиѹϵ¶˵ЩǾ飬һ˵ȥˡ
ɴ಻Էˣͻñӣ׼ȥ¡
ӳϱ㲻Է
ˣ¶иͷҲصˡȥгʱ򣬿ųſۺĲˡ˶ˣһӳŻгѾͷšͣ˵ĲƲ˽ãҪǮ
Ѿͷ͸鷳¶
иƵĲŽ̤塣
ûԣȥҸ
ɶɶã˻ǵֵأ
ռ۰Ͱ͵ĵ죬иİˡ
ˣǲ֪ж಻סиռҵһ߳һ̾׼߸ָͣռ֪Ƿ˶󾢶
ռ˻ûüߵɶΪиˣ̫ˡ֯զأҪȥҹǸȥи˵˵˭Ϊˣ۶ô겻ⲻ۸Υ涨ģ۸ռ͵ʵء
̵и˭Ϊˣ˵һϲĲ£ȥȥ
иˣҲûɶúʰʰϽȥɡͷϲѧϰˡ
Уи壬ˡһм
иһҲȥˣվĿȾˡ¶ǹȥˡ
Ϊ˶ˣֻԼˡ
и˵ڼȥġ
Ҫȥ
ռҲˡ˵УˡԺ϶ҲѧġԺԼҪɲˡ
ΪûּҵĴͥгϢˣȫгϢ١
°ѵõϲЦտԸͶȥȥ
ҲˣǿϱôNɪͿ˼ɶأǶǼ񡣡
Цŵ
°ҲЦǼҲŬǸ
ҲûǼɣǶȥͶ˵ҪȻۼҲũ幤ˡ
̣ˣһˡզ붼ν
°һ⣬Ц˵ģ⻹Ҫ񰡣Ժɶ¶ҪȵģҲûһеġ
вŵͷҲֶŮĺܡһСͲС޾ǳϢ
ЦŵûɶֻҪǼϢͺã˭׽ء
㣬׽㡣ж
úѧԺѧ
ţġԹԵ
ҶԼСӣˡǰԼ˵ɶԼأڶԸһ㵹ǺͶӳСһġ


32 
̶й֮, ȥе¶ڶﴫˡ
ڶߵ, Ϊȥ, Իͦ֡
֮ǰͺʹ˵, ˣΪ, û뵽ڻȥˡ
ҳ°զͰѺȥˡ˶ð
°Ȼ˵йģô£Ҳֱ˵͵ǼҰἺΪ, ɼҲ, ͸ˡҲúãûɶõġû׼ﻹйأʱ򲻿ĸ𣿡
ͱᴵţ, ͵Ǽ, ҵȻְ֧, Ժлῼ﹤˰
ɶ, 黹ܵ﹤ˣ
Ϣȵ
ԱߵĿֵԱҲˡ
ǿɲ㿴۹Щһɲ, ǲǶк͹ũѧģ˵ѡɲֹ˼ãҲҪġռʹӼҼһƶũ˼϶Ǻõģ϶׵ģͲѧֻҪ飬Ժ󲻶ǻ᣿ô೧Ӷȱء
ôᣬզũ尡
ǹҶũչ˰ũΪ˽Ϊ˽Ϊɶ
ũͬ־治֪Ϊɶӳģб£ռ͵ˣǻǺġ
ҲǣĸλȷʵӦ󣬵ĻԻҪ˵˵ġϾ֮󣬹λҲġ
ͷһ黹ܽǵ¶Χ¶
˵һЩ﹤˺͸ɲ״̬
˵ڳ﹤ûģҲǲһġũѧѧǶڰ칫ŵģÿд֣ȵ裬ֽѧбҵĹ˾ͲһˣҪϻġ˵ͬǹˣٺʹǹҹġ
ҾͲ˵ˣ۾˵ӸɲɣĸΪдȥɲģ
Ա鸴ӣһˣǼټٵġ
ѡɲʱҲѡдġ
Ϊλô࣬Ҳûжôλöռˣɶء
˵ũͬ־飬ɶıˣǵ黹лᵱɲˣⲻǾɶܶûˡ

˵Щ˶ҡˡ
Ҷ֪ƶũ١ũĽ˹Ӱ˭Ʒ룬Ű칫ң
ǰ֪٣û롣ǴĴˣͺܸˡ
ҲûĻʵԣϾ׵ܵأͳȥˣ˶û
ɼ뷨
ѹòأⶼΪõġ
˼ҲŲɵӣǴˡ
е˼ңҲǲԼҺȥˡȻҲ˼ҵĺӺʣ˼ȻгѧΪͱҵˣѾˣҲûͷˡ
˼ҴȥˣиһҪģͷ۵ĶˣҲǸˣھ˸ڣΪɶ˶أҲ˲ǿ˵һʸйԶûأҪⲻǴҵ𣿡
ԱʵˣôһָҲҶ֣ľˡ
˴ˣиĵ˸̡
ӳԱˣɲǶ͵͵Ļʹɫ͵Ц
иһ̣ﻹǲþɴСȥ˵¶
Сܳȥ񡣵ͰиˣֱӰ֮ǰ﷢˭ø˵һ顣
񰡣ԼСĵ㣬ӳ鲻ء
û¶иӻǲġ
С˵ҲǣҪ㣬ͻȥү˵ȥǴӳҲ۸
Цŷţ̩ɽɲ׶ȻֵǶлСչͷǼȥ׳ףϡ
ɲðɡ
ûɶһˣڹء
˴ߣ˾ûˣһࡣ
ˮиˮѽӳأ뷨˵ء
иڿɲʲô뷨ˡЩ뷨鷳Ҳ˵Ļᣬ͵ͬ־㡣֪֪㷸ˣ
ɶҷˣûаһְֱܱǲĸٱˣ϶ۺɵĺá
иӣû˭ۺ㣬㷸ʵʵڵ顣ǲڶĴܵˣ
ûаһĪ
˵ûУ˶ˣ˵˵ģ˸ȥﵱˣҪȥˡ֪֪Ǵģǽũ壬ũ˵ĸĲˣ˼󡣡
ֱһ˼Ĵñӿˡ
ɲǶ̧ͷˡ
һƨϣ˭˵ģ˭Ҷţɶʱ˵һܵˣǸǳ﹤˵˵֪﹤ɶʵ˵˻УѲҪƭˣÿ깫˵ʱǰйϵѧĨ˰ҪȻ֪˲ܵɲ𣿡
и⵨ӻС
˵ʵȥ磬Ҳġӳи壬ҿռ͵ˣҶռ͵˵Ȼ˵ʵ˵ˣ˭ˣ𣬹绹Сѧгأһйũѧء⹤ũѧũǰǾǹũȥѧũӹҵߣҲв֣
СѾͷͦ˵
ָиˮ壬Ҫ˵ҲûɶǺ¶ȻҲһǳСѧǸùһµġйҲˣǶĻ˻ǲٵģûˡ⼸컹ĥأһӣǻǲģҪ취Ӹλҽ鰡ԿѧУСѧ֣ʦԴҲֳɵģЩĻĲμ۴ӸɲҲĻĺûŹⶼ˲ţûˡ

ӴɲԴ̧ˡ
غ¶ǲˡ


33 
и, ɶϵ, ѧУ
Ǯ, ߿ûǮѧУܲЩʦ칤ʰɡ
ǮⰡ, ۼ׳ǮײҪϽ, ǲǮȻ࣬һЩʦĹʣûġŴҲںʶ٣ֻҪھУǲǣǮҪӼߣöߺһ, ԼѧУˡ
, Ϊġ͡Ůʮˣѧҵء˽ʦԺżҲҰ
˵ˣ鲻ܰ, ǱߵѧУҲҪѧѵģҲաҲ㣬ֱӴӹֿ۾, õǽѧˡĥ, ۲ֹԼѧ, ոӵѧǰ첻ѧУܲܶ, ֻҪѧյö࣬ѧУӯء
ӻմͬ־ҲˣⰡǮöܿѧУһռʮѧһѧҲǺüʮءһ꼶꼶ÿ꼶Ū࣬ɲٰͷܲũߡũ߶ܾˣûµġ
Ҳ˵ļˣָͷôƵģľ϶ﲻҪɶǮֻҪؾˣԼҴ۶ٺúѧһ밡ؼռԺõóֵĶˣгӣۻѧУⶼλͬ־ģð
İ壬ӳҿܸ㡣
󱦻Ƶ㣬ûɶԥġ
ǷԱСͬ־޺
񡣡
ûɶ˵ȨıԱԱŵͷ
и
˿ȣһȦˣͷѧУˣҾûǵиѧУʳãҿиҵͺܺʣɺóˣ˵ǲǣ
һ㶣Ȼ󶼻࿴˿֪иĵԣǵͷԣͦʡ
̫ˡи壬ӳզأ
и򴽣һ㣬˶̻ң翪һ¡Ҫզء
ȫû⣬զ룬ǴզǶռ͵ģͬڣŽء
ˣ翪ᣡиİ
˵翪̸ѧУ¶ʵ϶ĸɲǶû¶ϾҪˡ
ǹģ¶˵˾ˡ
иԼ⻹ûأɴ׷ȥ񣬻ǵýѵһѾͷǸԼ¶
̵߳ӣͱиסˡ
һ飬ͷЦ壬ɶ¶̸ѧУ¶
иŬԼԵϣ񰡣㻹Ǹ֪࣬Ҳ󣬸ѧѧʵʵģǸ¡ɲ˲İ
ίˣ壬զʵˣô಻Ϊ˶ɶôˣǸҼ˰ɶλˣզ㿴͸ոǸѧУʳõ¶ҲǼҰɣô࣬Ϊ˸лиҵչˣ˼׳ԺѧУǶиģԺˣĺãһһģɲʵˡɣҪǾЩǲʵѳӸͣˣȥѧУҲýˣʵֵȥ˵žҪߡ
ȵȵȵȡиϽ˽סˡ
ҪΪ˵仰ͣˣ˲ַ죿
Ҳ˵˵黹ֵÿ϶ġԺҪȵ㡣
򴽣УԺɶҶ壬ҲΪã㿴ҲǸ¶ǲǣѧУöбµ˶˽ʦԺĸλֵˣ壬Ҫ濼ǡ
иЩĵͷ
漴뵽ɶ˼˵û£
ðɣҲȷʵû£Щû
Ȼİڰ֣Ϊ¶۲˵Щ
壬Ǹû˽ĺöӳ
ˣȥæɡиԼǲѾͷ˵ˣԽ˵Խþ
ڽѧУ¶˼ᣬȻһֱûվϢǴˡ
ϾѧУǹϵ˵Ĵ¶˭һûӣеļʣĶ࣬߰˸ء
Ϊ˵ЩٶкӵļͥһЩӰˡ
ԶĲ˵˵֮ǰ׳йҲĻġ
Ҳȥˡ
ʵʵĶҪĻ
˵УлҪġ
մߵ˵Сѧһ졣СѧҵĺӻڶС
ѧҲøֱֽӿ۶﹤־ͳˡ
Щö˶Ƚ׽ܡ
Щ˶˼ҶϢΪѧУǴ¶һֱۣú͹Ǳ룬¶һֱû˵ǵս֮˵
ɰѴҵˡ
̬ͺˣֱټ֪ǿᡣ
ϳ¹ڳ񽲻
ҪѧУ¶Ƕ֪˰ɡ
֪۰Ͱ͵ĵͷʵͬ־ǲлᰡ
ȻлᣬҪΪи䣬Ҳʹ߽鿪ѧУˡǲ֪ҷ˶پ
⻰֪Ƕʱ۾
֪˷ܵͬ־ô˵һܵʦˣ
ڰ֣̫ˣ֮ǰǰ˵Ҫúѧϰ֪ʶǰ׼˼ǣѧ˵ĲᡣҪȻΪ˭ܵʦۿũģũͬ־ġ
֪ϵЦݶʱסˡ
һϴһԶ֪඼ԱƸҲҪεǶȥܡҲҪ֧֡ϾΪ񣬲Ϊ֪񡣵Ȼ԰ƸǺܴģһлᡣ˭ѡϣǾͿԼˡҲżԻҪһأ붬˲ŽѧУԣǸϽĸдţпαпα׼
ҶԼŬ㣬ǰô֪ͨˣú׼
ˣοѧУǮǳأ԰ҲҪסŮ֪Ĺͣ๤׬ǮѧУ
Ů̧֪ͷͦء
֪ǣǳˣ
֪ǣ͹Ů֪൥ˡ
Ů֪һԾŶҲԾĳ£Ϊˡ
ô棬ҲóС׼¼
Ҳûô࣬ǵ뷨뵱ʦ
Ů֪ǻ࿴һۣȻʵǵʦ
ԼʵʼҲûѡѡ񣬲ʺŮ֪ɵĻÿ쿴ҲͦþġΰѧУҾ뵽ǵʦȥһЩҲ֮ܰǰ֪ʶǾզ
Ƕܵʦ𣿡
Ǹλλû⡣ʱѧľͽСѧһǵ˵СѧҲúỵ́ҲˣԽԽˣ׼˵ġ
˵ãһǺεġ
ؼÿȷʵۡȻ˵û֮ǰôæˣǴ絽Ҳ࣬᲻ʱҲҧֵġ
ܵʦǵȻǵʦ
УôţǾô
ͷվͲûˣǹҲɡǹܲģǮӣҲʺϵʦͲӵˡ
Ҳûɶոûˡ
ᣬɵɢȥдŻȥüԼĿαĹˣҲҪú׼Ͼǵʦˣ֪ʶܷ¡
ҵۣҲЦЦúѧϰˣԺָ߿ˣǿϵļӦøɡ
ߣ׼ѿճĸλŴӵˣһѧУǱ߾ܰŸ֪ˡ
ѾԼ֮ˣĶѧУǱûɶܿȣҪǶల֪ȥԺѧУǱҲĹܿ棬ͲĶˡ
ܿطԺڶﻰȨ͸ˡܼһİš
̾ɲѣûлȨ
лҪ˵


34 
ѧУǴ¶, иȻͬ, Щ˵, ¶Щþ
ò˵ɶɶ, Եӳ̫ûˡ
ԶԴҲر˼ûͷûβĻ, ׼һϡڶɲǱż͵źӵĹ⣬ѵûĴߴ¶
϶ЩͥͺѧģҲʹߴ٣иҲֻڶ˸ͶƱÿÿɴͶƱپѧУ¶ô, ͲŶ뽨ѧУˡ
, ֪զˡôҲо쵼˼Ĵ١иﻹ̹ҵ¶ءýѧУ¶˳ӳվ⣬ʾڶĵλʱ⽨ѧУ¶Ϊ, ˵Ȩ͸ˡ
ǣĵӳܶ໨˼ڽũ棬ռҲôûɶɼˡ
ĵط, ˼һŬĸũ, ˮ, ռɶûС˵֮ǰǺΪˮܡ
ȻȷиǲĿģܻҪýѧУ¶˳һЩġ֪ڶܶ˶֧ѧУģΪһʧ, ͶƱ¶ǵöԱһ¡Ա˻֪ǣ˶Щ⣬˵Ļûɶá
ﻹ˵ġ
ռҶ¶رϾﺢӻСż飬Ҳû˵ʦ
Ϳ²صӣѹôĲô̬ȣǲʧ˭ʧܣ
飬ҪԼҵڸСԼûϵҲҪֵйϵϵشȺڶ۾ģ˶¶˼ҶءƽʱûɶãҪõʱʤĹؼ
ǴˣǼҹϵش󡣲˵ˣѧˣ˵ҸԺ벻뵱ӳǶǺ¶дϵģǻҪԱͶ֧Ʊ
ΪԼûɶϵأ⻰͵Ϊɶ
ɵ磬ѧУǴ£ûԺ󽨳ˣҲһݹ͡ΪɶииܵӳϴҲ֪Ҳܸ¶ˡǹĶｨ¶ˡ
˵ֱӺͳ°˵ǲǣ
°еͷ¶׳ԿϴͷǵúͶ˵˵
ȫҶҪȥԱԺ˼˵˶ܻЩ۹ؼʱǺҪġͶƱѡɶģ˼ƾɶѡۼˣǲǶۼӡ𣿶Աк¶뵽ۼҡ
̵ûУƺ«ˣ׼ûۼǳˣ˵Ļеġ
ͷԺ˹ͣۼ˰Žȥˡ
°ۼ˻ܰȥѧУﶼܽܽѧУ
˿ҶҶôҲǸˣôµزʣѧУˣ϶ҪʳðиǱߵҼҶҲýȥϴ˵ģǲǣ
Ҷ۾ð⣬Ҳùʵģ
ûõģù֣ɱµ̹ˡǲǣ
ҶЩʧһ벻µˣԺԼɹˣ̹ʱˡզ˵۾զ
ȥԱǵĴǣǶԶ˵⣬ö˶֪ѧУǶԴ¶
Ŀڣס
°Ҳûɶ⡣ӿȥأ˵
вҲûɶ˶ʶأȥ˵仰ȫû⡣
ҶҲ׼źԼСôţȥ
үүԼȥԱһԼЩֵǣΪҪƴһƴ
ϱɺң÷Ǹúڹ
ֻ϶˸ǷΪЩ²ؼġ
Ҷ磬ʶ˶࣬Щѵϵһ¡
񣺡ûɶϵ֮ǰȥڶûúôء
ҪѧУˣҾȥʦȥ׼Ҹ¶˿
۾һˣָͷָԼ
񿴶˴ϲҪֵġһҪڡҪȻƾɶܰȥأ
ֱˣѧУ¶ǹϵĴ¶ǾҪԴԼһ
ռˣ
ռʹӵ˶գȻϵԶˣǱϻһˣܶˣϵ
ռȫҳˣ˵ѧУĺô
үүֱڻϸ˵۶һֱûѧȥ統ɲĻᶼûҲȥ׻ûĻλǵöｨѧУҲ۳Ǯɶأ츣¶Щ϶һҪ롣
ֱ̾ˣһȺϽǴţɶأҼƾɶܵǲĻЩˣĸûĻҼƾɶܵСӳҲд𣿻ҼϴҼӣǶģ޶飬˻дЩӸɲ϶˽ˣǵ޶֪ʶˣǼҵ޶ءҪȻǵ޶զͶ͹ȥѧ
̫̫ⷬţĵĻ̫ɱˡ
ֱ̫еˡ
ĺӣɲҵĺӶء
϶кô¶
°ϴ·ʱͺЩϱ˵ˣòҲ֪֪ԺҼ޶϶ҼгϢۼƶũ˸Уһ˭֪ﵥλɶʱйˣǲ͸ʵڲɣ۶ڲҲеλѧû⣬в͸û
ҶԼСǴѧУզˣѧУⲻ͵ʦҲܶ۶ʦɣһűĶʦأⲻҶ󡭡ȿȿȣҲ𣿡
뷨ʵҲʵʡ
ҪҸʦ˭ҸֵصĴֺӣ
вıȽʵѧУã޶СҪ˿šȥѧУʦţⲻҲܶɵҲǵˡ
ֱˣһȺʮ޶ǣһȺƤСӣƽʱ˸ɻʱ򣬾ϲϱҰֵġҵɽ͵رá
ֱӺ˵ˣѧУûɶϵ֪Ҫȥˣ۾ͲµظɻˣӴιզûϺʱأ
ӳľͱȽϹ¹ˣľ߻Ҫֵ֧ģѧУ˵¶˵ˣսˣҲû¶ɣŽѧУܶ֡Ǻ£һҪֵ֧ġ۶ռ͵ˣԼԼĹָ˭أ϶Ҫֵ֧ģҲҪȥæġ
Ӱͦ󣬱Ͼĸ磬˶֪ʹǱߵý
СӵСӳͬˣ϶ǶľߣСӳȻǳŶ￿£ˡҲŶԱ
˼ĶԱｨѧУ¶Խˡ
ҴһۣýѧУȷʵܺáǾѧȸɻ̹˾ѧУҲѡˡǾǶ˴¶ľ޶Ժһ·ˡ
ǵͶƱ죬ＸȫƱͨߡ
үүŶɲǣ͸ýˣϽĸûѧУأ⹤ûð
ɲǿиĵɺûϵǿҲżѧУأиǵôһ
иƵı֣оԼԽûȨˡ
¹ƣ⽨ѧУ¶ڴҵͶƱʽˡ
и͸˸ۻᣬöһѧУզȡ¶һȨ
Ϊ׳ĳҲۻᣬӳҿûɶˣǮǼ׳ȺשǷţиˣשǱӦû⡣ɶģҲܽ˶࣬Աһ´ң׼ӿû⡣Ҫ˵ѵľǹ׼⡣
иͷȷʵЩѡ
˵ҲûѣҪ鷳ҲȥܡǲǺͻеǱϵ˼ҳ쵼ƽʱҲЩĸŶϤԸǽ쵼Ҳ⡣ֻҪҪʱȥܡ
θ˵񰡣һ˾ܰѧУѽǸۼٺܶ鷳ˡ
Цɲô˵Ҫҵ֧ءҲܸȡ潨ѧУɶģǲôæ𣿡
մЦֻҪҪ¶㶨ˣ۾ûˡ
и⻰زþһڣ¶զܶأǳĳ¶ءͲ鷳ˣȥܡ
ҲȻ˵û鷳ҾͲ¶ˡҾҲûɶѵģϾ۲Ҫ沦أԸ㽨裬˶ء
и
һиȥˡ
г·ϣզզòþȻ⽨ѧУ̲ѣҲܸӣҪܺܶΣҪҺܶ쵼ġ
Ҳǳ˺ܴģڸ⹤һ㶼Ҫһ
ؼܲҪȻ϶ҪУһ¶첻á
Ѿͷ˭Ǵӳ
֪￪ʼΪ¶߳ˣ˾ͿʼŽˡ
Ȼиͬ־ŬȷʵҲǺܸӣһֱȵսѧУˡ
ͬʱҲյԺǵźʡ


35 
С͵ġǱֱӼĵ˴, һ㶼Ҫ߼, , ȻܼĶˡС͸͹ˡ
һ, һҵİ
һдģһվдġ
ڰ칫, ȴš
дľͺܼҳ̡ⶼզһֱûдţҲû绰ȥǶܵġ˵춼ˣһЩǰް˵֮ǰΪ磬Ķ࣬ԾûĶԺÿ»ǮһЩƱƱҵƱһ¹զ, ûб۸, Ƿ֮Ļ
Щص㣬صһǵûţ˶ǡر֣дһЩֵĻ, ָ˸ˡ֪ŮҪ
һ;еζˣٿվдš
֮ǰʱվԼõġ
ֻҪվҪİ, ͸д, ˳ѼĹˡ
վд, ϶Ϊ¶ˡ
ٽͬ־¶ʹŲµһЩˡ
Ȼվ, дıȽֱˡ
ֱӸͬĸĴٻͬ־ˣԷǸҽԺĻʿԷļҲǺǵ쵼ģЩȨվǿҪÿ
վǿͬ־Զҵ⣬ڼ߶ȶӽˣʱתҵ
ϾƽʱҪǺѵģתҵطˣֻҪԼҺһ£Ժ϶ԽԽá
վдҪҶˣ᲻üˡδɩӶദϣԺɩ֮ٿ⡣Ǽ˲֧Ͱ˵˵
⻰˵ĺܺãǰżǣվǵδɩӵļԼվǿͬ־ƫģЩΣˡյҶ󣬿ɲΪδϱҪˣ;üŮ¡
¹վǿͬ־ǲôģеվͬ־ôġ
ƺͦĵģдһ仰֪ģһҡңҲǰ˵ĺûġ׽û
Ʋ죬ǰ滹֪ͦдȻֹ˱ѣ滹ǳסˡ
˿ŷѡ
һţһʮǮƱҵƱ
һĹǮƱվѣʱ̵ġҪ붬ˣԷĵĹĶˡ
ǮҲҪ¶˵Ļµߡ
źˣŸֱʿʼдˡȰԼũļش˵֮ûͼϵΪ̫ˣǰΪչֱ۲ˡҪֶҡд״֮󣬾͸߼ˣԼȻܲңۣǺ㡣ΪΪ־ТȻ˵ԼĵľǼĸĸоߣϣ㲻Ҫżˣ裬ȸ֮󣬸ĸ˵
żǰĸŮҪдġ
д֮ŷˡ
Ȼˣ˵дվǿģʵҪдվġҪվǿͬ־վͬ־żҵ¶ǵԴ绰ݵĲС
дţŰؼˡ
ռ֪Ǳ߼Ķˡ
Ҳû˽龫׷֮ӪƷóˣҲվǿǷϵ֮Ȼǻᵽ
̿żĹĶָּ
ֽԼ׸һҶ
ǰԭģڸԼŰճ󣬸ɴҶ
Ҷɴûֳ·ʱ̫ˡ
ҶҲãƽʱæˣҶ㲻Ҳϴ·Ȼûϴɾ
Ҷ˿ȣֺģҲɻһ¡Ժϴɾ㡣
ָĺӹһһǡֻˡ
̷ź˶վǿдɶûС
дˣҺúչءΪѾҪվǿͬ־ΪԼռҵĹϵˣҲ˵վǿĻҪʼĵͥ
أأ
Ҳûɶˣ٣ƽʱ˶˵仰ġҳ̵ġչ˺ӵģǵ𣬵ֵĹæǵġ
̵ǿɲҶҲٳֵġ
ΰŮͬ־үүҲôءжۼ˶ѧү̵ͳǲŻŽҸһˡ
ôһ̶ʱ˵˱¶ˡ
֮дŵʱ˵һչ˺ԼǵǼ˶ͦõġ
ĵͷ
ĵԼԺҪռϵģôԼ˵ĻѣҪһ£ռ˹ĺЩԺλ˾֪վǿɶˣҲ̫ѹ
ڶȥˡ
żĳȥ֮иվǿͬ־˸绰
绰ֱӴվǿ칫ҵġܺãҲͦˡ
û뵽ûڣڵ绰ˡ
֣¶֪ˣҺܸˡҪˣҪɩˡ
ɶ
֣ˡҲ˵
˵ʲôܺ˵ģҿ֡۸ˣ
ǵġ֣ʵ뵽㣬Ϊѹ
վǿڵ绰ͷüͷ̶ˣʲôѹġ
֣ǲҪҶ󣿡
ţ͸ˣұûţ˶䲻ľ뵽Ҳˡòˡ
֣̾Ҿ֪һƬģЩ˲ô밡رҸҪĿյҶЩ˻ô룿᲻ǸδϱŲλã
ʲô˼˭˵ģ
֣ЩҲ˵֪˭ġ㲻ҪҶˣҪȻԺҲô˵ġԿη֣Ȼңͱ˰ɡ
绰ͷվǿһӣȻ
֣ǧ˵˵ġҿɲᡣ¿ģ˰ҵ˷ɶΪͽ
֪ˡ
ӦңˡҪȻҲ̤ʵΪѹ
ҴӦ㡣վǿȻܣͲˡԺҲ¶ˡˣǮ𣿡
˭Ǯడܹ̾òõģʡ𣿡
УҴǮȥ
˵绰ʹʾֳˡվŵɵĲġվҲû˵զ˵أֻҪɾˡ
ȻΪԹߣҪ˵˵վ⺢ӣ̫ˡ˵Ѷˣɲԭš˭ʹ죬Ҳ˭ʹ졣
ⷬռǱߴʲôĶֱ׵ԺˡתͷȥשǱתƣש顣ϾǴŰµģҪ¡
שͦģשΪҲһЩש顣
ӵ˼ǣȸĽҡǾשͦõģԼסķӲҲש𣬶ôˣûɶõġ
òáΪʮһ͵ĴɲڽǺӵġӰУͽѧ¥Ľ衣
ǿǽҰôĺӣǿɲܿЦ
Իǵש
лҪ˵ôôգһ밡ҵһ¡ӳٰСʱ¡


36 
ש߳ر, ûй֤, ˼Ҷȥ˵Լӵĸ, ׼ѧУ, שǮ˼Ӵ
שļ۸
שһǮһ顣ЩƷʵ, ҪǮһ顣
˼۸Ŀڶ˼£Ȼ֣һƽѧУûǧ費
ر뽨ĺõǵǧˡ⻹ڷǳԼˡ
ǧЩ˵, С˼, ɶռ˵ֱһʾ޿
֮ǰڴǰ˵Ǯʵ׳ûǮһӯһǧû, Ҳöﱳ̫ծˣӰڽġ
óԼСһ£ȥĿ˿ҵһϵ
ұ, Ըˡ
ʱ, Ҳö, ôòųʵզ, ש¶ô
һƽⲻ󡣡
ǾͺãѧУ⡣Ǽﶼ˿αأڴæˣûôæŬѧϰءһͷһοѧϰôأáоصǸǻˡ
Цѧֹѧϣ¹ɶʱ򰡣Լ֪ʶ
˵öԣԺ󲻹ʲô¶ҺҪúѧ
ˣҲý˰ɡ
ţ֤Ѿˣ⼸æһ¡
Уʱǰ졣
·еʱȥһʳ
⺢飬ԷɶĶҪԼʳѧУʳá
ѧУΧǺܺáЩ˶ѧǶѧĺܲ档ſڵʱ򻹿һЩװСġ
ڿʱͦ㡣
ѧզ
ɣǡЩΪѡ
ͷ㲻˵Ҷ֪Ҳеģ֪ɶǱ¹ܱզԼúѧӰˡ֪ͱ˲һĻ֮ס
ɿĺ۾ͷ㣬֪ġ
Сߵͱ˲һûŬˣнġ
ΪǰʾԺũѧ¶ʱһɼ飬㣬Ҷˣһúѧ
ԡԴ
ӿɽҲ
жĿʹ֡
ЦŵܸáҲá
ǿɲ׵ءԺҪġ
˱Ӹϣ·ʱʱ仹磬ȣȥҹ쵼̸̸

ҵΣǹۺϰ칫ҵġ
ΪˣսˣͳƲأҲææĵǺܿġϾջļڡ
ΣˡݾЦŵ
̧ͷһһӾϳˡʵӡ̡Ͼռͼ׳ڿɳˣԴǼ׳֮󣬹ߵĹ˶жˡ
жˣ쵼Ŀء
׳벻ãⲻҲЩӰ칫
ָЩλ½ˣӲء
Կ񰡣黹Щá
ⲻռ͵֪ͬ־զˣΪ˻س¶
һлس
һ֪ǲ֪û˵ûʲôһ˵ˣɶ¶
֪˵ѣҲûʲôس¶
ϾҲ׼Ҳװ֪ΣǶҪѧУ¶ǵ𣿡
ǵã˵ԼǮôǮҹ粦
ܰզզ֯鷳ǽȥשתһ¡Ҿ뵽һ¶ǹզûԼשأ
ε㵱ȻˣΪש߳ףˣȱһɡҤשǶҪֵ֧ģﲻ֧֣۹ļ˲йˣ۶ҲûҪӵģûҪשģӲӣ˭שҤ˵ˣשǶҪ׳ģשˣ˭ɣ㻹ᣬԺǳȵ㣬ѧѧ
ͷ˵̫ˣǰҾשҤҪ룬۶ƽʱҪֿⰡ칫ɶģҪȥŪש飬˰ҲΪЩɱ⣬ڹߺö඼שءש⣬Ӱǹˡ˵ǲǣ
ε֪ͬ־Ļͦࡣⲻ㿼ǵ⡣
ҾϲΪ֯ϲġⲻҾĥ˵뷨ָһ£ɲɡҪɣǲҲ۹𣿡
ε˸̣˵
˵˵¶ȫҪŰҳһﶬˣﲻûשĺʱ򰡡Щ׳ש㹤ֲͳˣﶬʱשţʱҪˣֱãǲǣ
εͷЩǿûôӴأ
ˣĴλ۰żԱְֵָۻ㲻
ˣĿ򵥣˵氲Ͱ
ҵȻûȨ˵ʶⷽˣ˼ҿ԰š
Σ˵ģ
ɲܲˡ
ǿɲ
һȻҶˣѹǼ׳
ΣǼ׳࣬þ˻е˼ҲŰǵġڻ֪ͬ־ءɶء
Σ
һΪ磬Ϊ֯ϿǵġҲûɶôţԼשҤԺ⹫İ칫ǲǵؽĲֿⰡЩλµġɱˣⶼǮؼʱ򰡣ۻΪ紴գԺǮˣֿԼӴˣǵĺ칫ԺԽԽ𡣡
βⷬЩ滮ͦеġ
Ҫשȷʵܹ¶ˡ
˵˵ɣΪɶ˵ЩеûġҲš
ֱˣҳϣ˽ġҲΪԼΪǴӡҪѧУҪש顣ש̫ˡ˵ЩݣⶼǴѪǮ᲻áҾţҪǹש߳϶Ƿǲǣ϶ˣǲǣҾôġɶ˽İ
Щεˡͬ־ֱ˵𣿡
ҲҲÿǵ𣬲ΪС棬ȥӰ档öԴҶòС
Цˣͬ־ȻЩ뷨ĻǺõġЩǲʵµǿ
⻹ǸʮŮޣǸ֪ء
˵ļ⣬ġ
ͷģȥ취С滻ȡ档
У¶ҺᡣͷϢи֪ͨ㡣
ϡ˼ˣһҪ֪ͨҰҺΪǹ󡣡
ЦŰ֣УֵĻᡣ
¶źϳشȥһ·ޱȡ
һ˳²ٰשҤ¶ҪǳˣҲĺ͹˽ӴиǱߵþͻԽԽСˡ
񰡣զô˰
û¶ţѲҪܻҵ취ġȥһ˴ӹ硣þûͬ־ˣˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˼ҳٵˡ϶׼ʱ¶ˡ
⻰һЩ˵Ů˵ɵӣ˵Χ˽ˡ
ҲԼ̫ҲΧ˺Ҳ࣬ΪҶԱ˵ĺƵĻᣬھеˣĺױ˼롣ҾٸӣҴѧиѣںܻ˵ܻᴵţ͡Ȼʲô߾ۼһ˺㣬Ǳʣ˵ʲô˶ŵ֡ʦˡô档
Ȼ˵ʵԵ㡣ûһɵӣΪԼһġŮ֪֪࣬࣬Ӹɲռˣˡǿʵ棬ŻĻ˵Ľǿ֪˺ܻ׬ǮҲȷʵ׬ǮˣʲôͶʣǲҲ
⣬ҾʱĲǿƤӣǿƤƤĸ׳ɹ


37 
߶֪ȥ￴ש, һȥһ˴Ӳߡ
иڳź, ܷ, Ȼź¶ˡ
, ȻЩӰ飬ЦЦ, Ǵ˲ʱ䰡
ǿɲҪ˽һ㡣Ҷ שȷʵðﶼשǵķӡ˵úöءҪשǷ, Ժʡٸµ, һˡ
ӻմ󱦵ӳԶשȷʵȽϻ㡣שҪǮأ۶ܸ𣿡
Һש̸, Ҳˣһڿǣ뿴ܲҳɱ͵ġ, ѡǺܶġܾһҡԱǵѪǮ, һһ嶼
˵Ļͦе, ѹ֪ڴţûש̸Ϊ·ӹ㣬бѡ
Цŵ, ɺб£ôãˡ
ЦŵҲûɶʶ˶ѡ
иڱϿЦôģҲûĵЦɣܿ͵ˡ
ͲлسǵĻˣ㻹ǡ
ֿии壬զ˵أ
˰£һǺܷĵġ
иЦЦֵҪ˵ˣͺҳһˣҺ˵¶
üһЦ壬¹¶û¶㺰һҶȥߣ˵ȥ
棬иװģĳ̣Ȼ񣬡񰡣ũӺù
ɣȻ࣬Ǻܳ㡣
и˿ȣ϶ǱȲǳġ֪سˡ
һüëˣиɶ˼
иԼˣ϶ҪչԼ˵ģԼ밡
˵ôһ䰵ʾԵĻˡ
ıӰһʱҲɶ˼ܲҪسǵɣ˵ˣҲǴӳһ˵ġҲһܸãҪȥҲס
ҪǣԼҲ׼ȥ
ֻ벻ͨиզͻȻˡ
ܲ¶ҪŪ߰ɡ
иôģÿĻسиΪûҪķĸ֪ȡɶֲֵֺõġ
涯˼ˣͻسȥ
̫ˣؼյģҲܰôһֱͦյġ
ڻˣѻسȡˣغȥԺռͻ˵㻰ĵط
سֵô
иԽԽҲ¶ʮþȡ͵ˡ
صͦõԼϱ㻨ףҪȾơ
ҲڼţȾƣӴˡ
˳ԳԺȺȵģպõĲˡ
иϱʵզôأ
¶¡иھƣҲˣͰѻس¶˵ˡ
۾
ҲãԼˣԺۼҵĺáǿˣѾͷб£ֻǵɲġ˵ϧŮ֪զûģҪģզҲҪֻϱ
иڰ֣ǻˣʱ򼦷ɹġ
֣سģ
и˼Ǹġȥƭˡ
ܣզƭأҾ˵Ϣɲɵģ˭Ҳ˵׼˵ˣҪƭˣδϱ
ӣиĲˡ¶ûأֵԼϱҲܹ
ҹܵ˭߻ˣҲûɶⲻҲΪȢϱҿЩ֪ͦõģҲˣȡڶŮǿ
ԼǮûۣͦá

Իس¶ѹһȤҲûУҲô͡ȥѹҲûĥиЩεİǱ߸ש߳
ʵĲֹҲש߳ġ
๫綼ر󣬸ɵرãõ߷ֵĹ磬Բܸ
칫ֲģûִˡӣ֪ǹ粻㡣
лǰǱӦûǻͬġ
쵼϶Ҫ취ũͬ־Ļ⡣˳֮⣬סҲǺҪġ
ס˺÷ӣũͬ־ǲŻԽԽͷ
ⷬԹ翪ש߳¶Խˡ
ȻǱ߻ûȷϢ˵㲻㣬ǾȰ¶˵
һΪ׼˵ģ쵼뵽Ǿǳһˡ
ڶͺһ𿪳ȥ˴ӹ硣
ӹҲصģ칫ЩԶ·Ҳߡ
Ҫý߹ȥǳԲġ
һ·ϣʮעĿҲΪԭһ·ϳͨ裬;ĹҲûôΪǣͲһ֤ǹȥˡ
˹˷ֵĸӵʱҲ˳Ҫҵ˽ֵ֣С깴ӡ
Ϣֱӵ˴ӹµС깴ӣӸɲˡ
ĵѹ̸˶ó
ʹӸɲһ£˵Լͬ־ġ
ͬһطģ·ߣ˳Ҳ
Ǳ߾ȥ֪
ҲǺǵ֪࣬ͬһģҲϵʽ
ֻ֮ӦߵҲûɶѣԾûϵû뵽Լ
ӵæϴ˸֣Լûôͷˣȳܡ
棬˻һûϳϾҲʹæһ֮Ե֪͵˴绹ЩģҲ˼ǲǵģֱӺһ䣬ͬѧ
ͬѧҲǸʮ߰СӣͷҲߴ󣬳ĺġŮͬ־Щ˼
Цŵϳġ
״˳ܴվţ˼˵
óݸ֣ȳԵ㶫
⣬˰ɡֲ˼
ͬѧð£أҾ˳զ߹Ļϰ߰ɡ
ĹģһӲûס޳ũ̫ˡ
ݲ̫õӣһ̾˿һҶʵɣסÿڶﰡǵŴŴҶզһ뵽ҹĲãزܡԶҲ˲ϰ
ְοô룬ҲǸŮͬ־ԴûΡ
޹ΣǸͬܡƽʱڶҲͦչǱߵ֪ģⲻǰǾ͸˸׳Ů֪һġҲµˣˣгԼ
Ҳûɶܱʵʵڵĳ˵ˣҲûκλ˵󻰵뷨ɲһء
˵ˣĻеæİɣǶҲ׳ģûϣ˼ûˡ
Цŵ֪¶ȥ̸ء
ЩԾЩĽá
չԼʵ֮󣬻Ϳʼˡ
֣һ˺ûɶҪҪҺáһлᣬҾŰˡⲻ㣬Ҳ֡Ҹûᡣ
۾ʲô᣿
Сǰȥǹ£ǹаש뷨Ǻ˵⡣һȥһĥ;ö죬ٻȥ˷ϵʽҾͷˡֲשʦ𣿡
԰ҰһשˣϼʦˣЩѧҰءѧ͡Ϊûʲô飬Ծ㼼ãҲûɡ
ˣҵʱĥţҪܰǹǱṩשٺ͹һ˵ǰҪȥש£Ӧûɶġܰﵽ𣿡
ԣһӼˣ˵ģȥש£
ǿɲôҲǼѧԨԴǶһЩġҪܰæǱܲܲһ£ǲǣȻҲôƻ֪ôġҲ֪Ǳ߾ɶʱשҾһϢ֪ͨˣĥ׼ãɶʱҪˣⲻܳͷ𣿡
ңҰǱӦû⡣ҿҡ
ⲻ˽ɣһó֪զ죿
ͷûеλţ˳ӻڽ˽ҪλֵġȻ¶Ҳ˼Ϲܴ֡
СҰа취ģڳʮдӸ¡ƽʱҲǱṩ㼼֧֡
һҶı飬ǾͺˣдŸ֣֪ô¶߹ȷˣţӦϡǻϣһΪũҵס
ּĵͷͦжͬѧá
ͬѧ˵ҪӦ治˵󻰰
Լϵʽľʵ̫ȷˡ
û£Ϊ˴ңҲΪǹ罨һҲܰ㣬ҺôҺ¶˭Ҳ˵Ϣ
ţͷˡ
Ϊ˲ʱ䣬ֵıʺֽ͸д˵дֱ֮Ӹˣĳȥ


38 
һҲû, ̸껰ͺƼһˡӹʱ򻹰Űӵ˹Ͳ档
, šܵǱߡ
, ΪԼĶ, λʦǱӦûġ
ϾԼ֮⣬󲿷ֵĸĸΪԼŮ, ǺԸѾ˼ġ
ھͿˡ
ҲõģǱҪĲשȥשṩ󳧼֧֣ǷһשӦⲻ
ֻҪѧУˣʱѧУȨˣָٰйͳɡ
һпǵĲ, ŷɵֱӻشӡ
ҲǸص, ҲǸЩɶɶˡ
֪ɵ¶Ϊ˴ҺáɶҲ˵ֱӷӸȥ
˻صӵʱ, Ȼڴȳˡ
֮⣬Ρ
˵Դ˼׳֮ξͲôˡ
ǳ, ƽʱ, Ҳ׳ڡ
֪, ŻˡͰ˸Լˡ
֮Щߡ
ôô
Ҳ봦󣿡
᣿˭֪Ǹʲôˡֱӿ·յһ
ϵ֮, ŵòˡ
һ뵽ԼֵĴ㣬Ҫˣûʲô˲ˣͼ˵
ΣҺ˵ҰʮþȵģҪǲţȥֻҪңһŪسǡ
ƫͷԶ
ϴβ˵˹ĲԣˣҪȵɶʱҪǸңܻسǡ
εͷҿǿǡ
ɶ˵ɶӰŮ֪඼Ʋ㣬ΪҲ֪ǶЩǣһĶڱ˵лأӹĲʹ죬㻹ԥɶҪ㣬Ҿ͸Ͻسˡ
εͷ˲Լ۾
˵ٿǿǡ
˵͵ͷˡ
ˣƵһڣǹ˵ģװοզװ
˳׼ȥ˵˵ˡⶼйˣɶҪȥ˼档
ѿ
Ҿ벻ͨЩ侲־˵е
ŮƤЩ¶˵ȷʵͦġ
ȥˣȥ칫Ǳ߿˿˱¶ʱҸȰȰ޷Լ߳¶
ȻҪ˼ҴǾһ˵ˡ
̾˿Ӱ칫ͿοԱߵͷ̧ͷͿˡ
վֱӣһ
զȥ¶ң
Ҹոա͵ɶֲ֪զ˵
̾úҽɶԼжϡҪɶѣͺ˵ҺôҲǵģܰǵģҾǡһҪ㣬ɶ뷨ҲҪҪԼڵ¶
ⷬȰĻͷ
ʵҲ֪ǸˡΪӰŹͿóˡҲͦлҲ֪Ϊ֮ǰŲ
Ͷˡ
Ըո㶯ҡʱճˣǻˡ
س𣿡λǹҧ˵ˡ
ҪûҲѡһΣԼ뿪ĵط˶Ϊ࣬ΪͲһΣ뿪¿ʼ
һ룬ط񣬻˭س
ԼֶΣԼˡ
û뵽ȻԼ˵¶תһ룬϶˵ˣ֮ǰ˵¶
εͷţҪسǣȡɡ
һ֪զˣ̲סȥŹˡ⹷伫
˿ǰȻԶһЩʵԼأ
Ҳسǡ˿֪֮
ʵˣ´лˣ㻹ȡ𣿡
εͷû˵
֪ɶ˼ˣǴԸ˵سǵ¶;ﻹǺõġٻеߡ
Ҳ·ر֪Ͼͻй̹;ǰ¡
ȻãҲسǵġҲ֪һ㣬سǣ۶ܸԼڵ¶سܻϣ۵㣬ԼһӶˡûˡ
ţĨᣬ֪ضȥǶ˵࣬ڱ˵ҡΪҳ
˵
û˵
ͦģǴһ룬ô㣬Ҳǹ㰡˵㣬⼸ûᱻƭǲǡ
Σ
ˡ
α⻰ͻȻЦãȻָָԼ˵ҳ͵ñ˵л𣿡
ժ۾㿴أ
Σ
۾˼ʣӹš˵л˵òˡ
ΣҲ䡣
ˣ˵ԼЩЭˡ
ĵͷҲûǳɶҪأҲ˵л±˾עҵȥˣҽ㣬Ҳ䣬ⲢҶɣǷҪ֪۾ͲǺǵġǾõ壬ҲǴ̵ġ
죬ɶ¶
ȻǸһЩѵˡ˵һͨ
۾
ԸԸ⣿
ε㲻ǻز˳𣿡
ЦνֻҪ㲻ͺá㻹ȡ𣿡
ҡͷô˵ˣҲûˡϾѡҪܴҪȻԼҪˡ
ˣЦұͲسǣ㿴Ҫسǵ𡣶ҿԺܿ϶ĸ㣬Ƕﲻ۶ʲٷ֮һǴӳˡôΰ𣿡
ҡͷӾزҪġ
ľȷģҪ֮ǰ˽ģͱǻƭˡ
ҲЩ¡ҪҪһӰˣһô۵㡣
οļ򣬡еߣԼ·ȷġԺŬ˿úÿԺҲˡ
μᶨĵͷ 


39 
Ů֪¹ص, ˷ּҴҵĿʼϰΡΪ굱ʦ׼
, ڴر, ŴҸ߸˸ϰӡ
û˴
ʱʱĳ۶
Ҫƽʱ, Ҳǡ뵽֮˿, ˳ȥ
һֱģҹĳȥˣˡ
ɶĸӣðɡ
˭, Ƿֹ˷, ֪ඪԴǵ
Ȼ͸ξ߳ȥˡ
״Ҳˡ˵ʱˣָ鷳
һǺ͸ŵģȥˣΪǿ, Ҳ˳ĸˡ
þûˡ

һֱ棬֪˸ţͷˡ
ʵ˵ö, һ, ˼ô, Ҳǹɡ±۸ˡ
˴£Ǳߵˡ
ˣɸ, ôΣ㿼ǵô
ε۶Ļسȷ𣿡
ں棬⻰Ƕɴ۾
Ȼһƭ㣿Цŵô㿼ǵô
ҿˣ
ο˼ŭͶȫһˣ̧һƾ˦˹ȥ
ΣǲΪ˻سͳԼģ
ᱻˣûӦ
֪Ƕˡ
ᷴӦʱתˡ
Ǽ״ֱӴǽӰ˳Ằ۶лسˣ
᣺

ڶϣŵ׳ϰ࣬ͷֲԾˡ
ƽʱһæĳӣȻûɶٿǸɻ١ֻڳš
Щ׵˻Ŷء
զ£զ£أ
ˣͺҵĹһģԭί˵һ顣
֮ͬ־ͬ־ĹУشˡӳĶ׿ڳϣлس
س֪ͬ־˵Ǿˣⲻһû˯¶ټ֪һȥӲǱˡ
Ǹ
ϾӳӶջˡÿûͬ⣬ҪȻϢˡ
´ɱ¶ľĴָĺܶԣ͸þܾڵ
εسӦùƽְֶΡ
Ҳܸˣĺܶԡ
ЦЦ
˺һ֪ǲŻˣǰ棬һ˷ܡ
ˣܹ㱨Ϣ̫̼ˣ̫ˡӳ׿ڳлس¶ǾܾŮ֪¶˵ֻ֪ͨŮ֪Ϣ
иͦġٵģ¶͸Ūȥˡ
Ҫ˵û¶ôţܵܲ˵ҥɡ
Ϊ¶һľͺͿһˣˣ
յֹҿǾͺͺӼһܵ죬׷û׷ϡ
Ů֪ǣ
ѵسǵ¶Ҳ֪ǲģ⹤ʵʵģҪΪ˸翵ĻسӰ칤Ҳֻദˡ
Ͻֻ֣ȥϢ
ҿǾסջͬ־ξĺܺãֵֹסڵǳȥͬʱظλǶѧϰѧϰԺɫ۹⿴ˣԼ¶ָˡͬ־ܵı˭ɡ
죬ڴӲˡ

ü˼ҪߡԺĳЩõۣҿҪЦġ

տԱ񣬿ɸˣ񣬡˵ǻسǵĻ𣿡
ȥǱãڵϴŪԼӰ칫ǰᲱţܻлᡣ

Ů֪ҲЩʧ䡣
س¶ҲҪżǲ׼ȥģԲͬ־ͬ־ˣСպͬ־Ҳ߰ˣҲߣͬ־ԼѾܾˡ԰ǺǱ֪ྺˡ
Ů֪⻰Щ˷ܣֲұֳ
ɣϢҲģһͷȥһ£ǼҪЩҲţȰĹҿ˵ǰģ˭ҪΪνĻسӰ칤ˡ෴ģɻõģҵʱ򻹻ڴǱ߰æ˵û
Ů֪ӹ

Ȼһô侲˲٣ǴҵĻǱˡ
ɻƴһġǻص֪ڱﻥֹ
ЩżĴҵĲƽ취
û£ͷȥǱߴϢˡ
ȥиڣһʲ֪ȥ˹ˡ
⻰֪иȥʰ̯ȥˡ֮ǰǸνŻȡСֻǰ͸¶ˡֵĴҶ֪¶ˣиֻԼȥȡˡ
ڴ߶νĻس¶治֪ϢΪҲǽ֪֪֮ġ
¶Щĵı飬ǵզ°ǵλͬ־˼ɻˡڡУһǵȥǱߴһϢҪȻ̫ӰǼ׳Ĺˡ
εӳȥˣҪٵȵȣ
Ȳˣ֪ǶҴأҶˡھȥȥ
˵꣬תͷˡ
մ󱦵զ¶ͦ
εǾãҿӳ汻СӸˡ
СĸӲƨ¡֪ǲҪûС֪ǻզ
εҵǲ֪ǣ档ֵĹ綼֪ˡ

лҪ˵


40 
ĵĿȥ, 
˹, ûȡи, ȥΡ
λĥש߳¶Ƿ, Ҳ͹Ŀԡ
ֻһֱû
ҲȷǷҵˡ
⼸Ҫһˡ
һ칫ңΪ̸¶, ЦЦ֪ͬ־
Σ治ǹ鷳ǣǹġʵû취ˡ
һ֪Ϊש߳¶ʵ, ʲôˣ
ǻس¶, ǴӵĶӳ˵ˣ۶лسⲻȫӵ֪඼֪ˡüһ, ̤̤ʵʵģǳҲģ֪Ϣ֮, һס, 㶼ְչˡҾû취, ֻܴӦϢǰġ
Щˡ
س, һҲ
һ֪еġҪѡ֪࣬ǿ϶ʮϸġΪ֪ÿһ֪ǶҪһ֣һ㶼ǵѡ֮󣬲Żṫ¶
⻹ûأֵĴҶ֪ˡ
Һ칫Ǳ߾Ȼ˵ƨ
칫ʲô˵ˣ
ʵ˭˵ģ
Ǵӳиͬ־׿ں֪ǳϵģϢˡȻҲ磬֪١ŹչǴӰΣ֪ͬ־رлǣ֪سǵı׼ɶ߸ˣȥǴ˵˵ôס
ʲôǴû

һɴ۾ɶܰǴӳ׿˵ģ⻹мٵġΣ϶˰ɡ
¶Һǻ糤¶⻹Ҫ˲ȷյѡΪسôأɲЩطЩаܻسǵġۺ칫Ȼй
һܴӡ
ΣҲûаǴӳ˵İѵƭ˵ģΪɶƭ˰ҲţǴӳƭ˵ģȥʡˡ
˵žߡ
ҲϽϣҲֵ֪һ
Ҳ߶ˣиȻûĵεǻ˿ˡ
ֱָָ·˼ȥ縱糤ˡ
Ҫ˵⹫쵼Ҳͦ࣬ǡ糤ǡ糤
칫ǻ쵼Ӻȫ˶ˣȻ¶Ҳ١
ⲻ칫縱糤ɽͬ־ͺܻԾŹũѧ¶ͺĴӽӴܶࡣ
иĴӳͺϵܺá
һиȥ糤ˣǻﲻġ
ֱӵҽͱȥˣŰɡ
ͷţиӳˣк˵һ͸ν˰칫ҡ
ֻǽ˰칫ңȻɫã黹ǲõӡ
ɫҲã¶Ӱ첻󣬶иԼ¶Ϳ־ˡҲûզܣǻ˼̸שҤ¶
ϴκ˵ש߳Ǳߵģܰæģ׵𣿡
ԵЩĲɣʵʵĻشˣҿɴţȻġһƭǹһĥҪǹ߲ש߳Ҿȥש̸̸߳أ֧֣ܸ֧ܲԮһש顣
㣬֪¶ףҪȻҲô밡ЦͲ֪˰ɣש߳ǿƲˣ㻹ǲҪôԶˡָԼש߳
Ҳ֪ɶʱ򿪡ҵæɹҪû㣬Ҳܸɵǲǣ
˭˵ˣⲻҪȵϢ
Ҳûɶˣ֪¶Ǽ׳֪զء
һͷ
ξⲻɶС¶ͺˡ
½Ͳ
üɶ˼ôܽͲأ
ˣ¶۲˵һǴӳ˵Եöġ
λ׷ʣܹˣ˵иӳ汻סˡ
ܳȥˣиں̸ܹȥӳи壡
иأӴˣӳˡȻˡ
ʱһ⣬ܾѾͷû¡
и壬Ǹس¶զ°
¶ûɶģ˵Ҳ
ɰиŻˣɶأ
զи壬զ°Ƕ֪඼ءҲ֪Ǹ֪¶ģڶڣҵø𰡡ҴӦس¶ЩǱ߶׷ˡ
иͷˣȥ˵
и壬զôΪѵӰզˣǲǹ۸ˣǲǻس¶ˡֲˣɶѾ˵Ȼ֪࣬ǷӹҰģҲȨġ쵼Ĳô۸ǡ
иżˣ˵ˣȥ˵
Ϊɶȥ˵զлûа׼ҪȻû֪ͬ־ǽԼҪ޵ӡ
Ҳڱϵǰӳզ°
δӰ칫˳Ҳ֪զ£س¶ôôͶ˸ռʹˣզ֪أ
⻰ʱии壬˵ûզƭأ硭
˵ˣ˵ˣиˣǱӸĻͷġ
ǵզ°Ƕ֪ɶ۰Ͱ͵Ŀء
ΣΣɲ۸۶ﰡҪ֮ǰ˵УͻȻˣǲǺ𣿡
ҲЦˣииͬ־㵹Ǻ֪ͬ־˵˵զ¡ʲôʱˣҪȥҹǺ糤
иȥǺ糤
ûµģһжֻڼƻжѡ
ҪֵĶ֪ڹѾֵĶ֪ˡ
Ҹˡ
ţôôأǲǹͻȻ˰ûУ
ε֪࣬ͱˡĵطҲ֪ռʹӿ϶ûеģǴЩҲûʲôܳı֡λЩСˡиͬ־ΪʲôҪ˵ǹ߿϶ҲҪġΪɲɲ¡
ʱܴ۾ˣи壬ӳ
ˣȥи۾ˣֱгϾˡǱѾͷ¶ˣ
Ͻǿ׷ȥ
иˣγЦһ£תͽ˹ǵİ칫ҡ
¶û㱨һ¡õʱռ͵֪֣ǻʲô֪ء

һ·׷иȻиźϳ
и
壬Ȼضˣ˻ڵϢأˡ
֣εƼǿضȥ
⻰иԴͻȻˣУסѾͷأض˵
ȵȣȵȡи
Ѿǰȥˣѹںʲô
Ҳˣ͵û
һͷֻ񣬡ô죬֪Ҫ֪࣬϶ҪġòƽˣԽԽˣôһ
ҲûʲôЩìܱǴڵġȻˣʵﻹǿسǡһǾûȫȫ⹤ôһ֪سǲܻسǵģԺź̤̤ʵʵ
Ҳ̾˵Ļز˳𣿡
ҪسǣҲǹôһسˣĻسǡϣǰΡ㿴۶֪ͬ־һس۲˵Щֶεģ۾˵󿿳ɼġҲµǵģһûС
ЦЦͬУ㰡
񣺡


41 
˶׳, ͱȴʱŮ֪ǸΧˡ
ڻسǶĿ, һ̶Ȳ 
˿, , ࡣȻϢǺϢҵĶˡ
ʵ, ״ô
źԲûдϢ
ʲôûϢ
û˴һȦ, ڴ޷ı, ̵ķԣѹûжͷβƭ˵ġҹѾ֪ˣ˵Ϊ, ܸˡ
ǻزȥ֪⻰ܴرǼָžûôǿ, лȥŮ֪ࡣ̲ס
ε, ֮ǰ, ƭ˵ģǸƭҵģΪʲôӳҲô˵
ȻΪ˻ӡܲܳΪƭŮ֪ųѵġҺͳڹʱ򣬿, ֪ƭˣڹɲǰ˵أһǻ˵ǿ˿ڡ
Ū࣬Ҹܲˡ
رΣҧгݣҪȥˣåΪģҾˣøҴ鷳û뵽ô޳ܣһٵƭˡ̫޳ˣ̫۸ˣһҪǡ
ҿˡ
Ҳϡ㿴𡣡εۡҾ鱨ƭˣ
ǵ֪鱨¶Ѿ׵ĴǴӵʸˡ
ҲĵԺ᲻ҲܵӰ졣
Ķʱѹһʯ⻹˵϶ܵӰ찡ôõĴӣ˼ҿ϶ռˡ
֪ѹܲʵǰûϣܻϣǸϣ֪֮ŷԭǾ˭ܵ˰
˺ˣåǸȥ
棬̫۸֪ˡҲź
Ů֪඼ָͣҪȥиǡ
ϲˣҪ£ų⣬ȥ֪һ˶ð¡ҪǴҲԿ
εҪȥˣ۴ҡ
ֲΪ㣡Ϊ壬Ϊ֪ϡƽʱŮ֪Ǻ꾫Ǿö˿˭ҪˣåͱԼˡ
ΰһֽۣͱȥˣϾռ͵ˣΪѡ
Ҳ԰ͱȥˡ
Ҳȷʵȥ£Ҫ£ҾͲ¶ˡ¶ִˣȷʵû֣ܵǶ˿϶ڶ԰ǻһ¡¶Ҳǵڶи˴£ռʹӺˡǲܰԼ˵Ķ档ϾǲһҪŽͬ־Ϊռʹӵˣʡ
Ů֪Ҳ֪⿼е
ռ;һݹϵӳ£ҲŴӳǵġ
ʵ֪ںţҲûȥ֡
Ǵ֮ǰȷֹڶס󷽣˾ǰȥ͹ȥôҪи¶Ʒ°ܻð¶ռ͵֪ϣӦôӴԺȡռ֪Ļسǲƽġ
һȺŮ֪ڵľˣȥﺰ˸ɻ֪࣬¶˵ˣ֪һһıŮ֪໹ѪĺܣũһӣӾ͸Ů֪ˡ
ǻ˳һ˷ȥˡ
ҲȥˣǸסȺµ֪ģȥǾԲܶ֡
뿪ӵʱúиˡ
ϵָ֪ı˼ﳤȥиͷ󺹣˲ϲˣµɶȥ췴ϽϹ
֪ûǡ
ܿ˴·Զˡ
ԶԶ׷ˣиˣʵ壬㿴ǵ֪ͬ־ûУǶȥˣҶס
иĲˣ˵ɶ
Ҿ˵ǱָˣûԺ̤̤ʵʵɻ˵꣬Ǿˣ˵ƭˡ˵ƭˣⲻȥˣҲסֱӿߵġ壬ô찡˵ҪûسˣåҪǶˣ粻鷳𣿡
и˶Ҫðˣ˷ˣЩ֪Ҫˡͬȹϵһģô죬ô죬УҪȥ硣
˲ö룬гҪת
壬·ע⣬ż
иɶȥˣŲ̤ŵķɿ졣
ˣżӲǱܡ
·ԱǴɶզô󶯾ˣֵ֪һ
Ͱ¶ԭԭ˵ˡ
˵Ҳ֪سϢȥƭŮ֪࣬Ů֪ûƭǱ֪ˡҶΪˣȥϢǱֱ˵û¡֪Ǿܵƭˣ˵ˣåҪȥء
ǴŰ
ռͶûôˣϢܿʹˡ
Ȼռ͵˶ǻ̵ġ֪ǱиϾǵıݡյġܲΪ֪¶˵иáǵЦ˵ˣЦи鷳ˡ
ǴӲ˵Ϣ֮ﶼЩġ
ΪиģǵĹռʹӡ󲻺á
밡ӳиʵ˼һզռͰ
ܵĵ¶Ҫи֮ǰ֪ǰ¶Ҳûô¶ˡ֪Ƕˣסˡûȥ£ǶҶˣҪһųӣֻԺû֪ˡ
ε񰡣㲻ȥֱʵģʹӳͨȽϺá
ҲܰգⲻǸ𣬲֪һΪиǱ۸ˡĶͷû뵽и¶ƭˡһֱܾ׳ѧУһֱ֧ĹϣɼùǱҲ͡û뵽ڴǱߣǹôָҵ˵ռʹӾܡ˵ǸСҵʱûΪɶ벻ͨ
ӸɲǿɶЩأȻ֪ΪɶˣΪ˻ᡣ֪ܲǰ˵û¶Լ˵İɡ
ǲ֪鷳
ڽҲˡ
Ȼ¶ҲܹͷȥЩΣҲʮС֪߹հ˹յ¶
˵˵ȥиԼ¶Լȥƨˡ
Ҳ֪ܲܲɾ
֪Ҳͷһθ㹫ȥġǰӲߺҲûôġ
οִˡ
Ӳ˻ǲϣִģ취ȰȰЩ֪ǡϾҲ֪ͷģܻеõġ
Ҳ֪ܲܣڶͷϣ˵ˣˡ
մ󱦻ƵȺǻ¡ԽԽˡȻ˵ýһ¡
̾ȻǸ鷳ˣҲ֪ǵ顣ΪһŮͬ־ɵȱ¶Ҳȷʵ̡˼ҺúõĳŮũ㽨裬¶˭ܵˡҪǳĸĸ֪¶ˣˡ˵׼Ҫء
εĵɣҲǶʵ¶
զˣ˼ŮҲûͬ⣬;ܾˡҲ֪֤˵ҲǵֿڵɡҪ¶ˣҰֱӰֵװĴ˸ǹˡھ浽ʱߵϸֽɶģ۾ĳˡ
ռʹӵĸɲǣ
Ҫϱֽˣռ͵ܴ
֪һֱֵ綼ûСһ˫ȥǱ߿Ȼ󼱴ҴҵĻ㱨Ϣ֪ûû֣һڹſڣŴֱҪ
˵Ǻ糤Щ쵼Ƕˣûá
иҲЩ֪ǰû˵ˡƨҲûС˼ҾһҪϣҪƽҪ
ڹǱڿڣиͷڹĿ֪ǡ
Ϊֵ֪Ķ빫֪Ҳ֪˻س¶ˣҲˡ¶ֵͦ
ӵĸɲһֱʿˮоռҪżԲˣڴӲ֪ͨСȥȥ
򰲰ڼԷ
ռ˺ȻԵġ
̵񰡣˵иܺòЩ֪ôһӳôĸɲ
ЦˡӳǶĹˡⱲûҲͺĸɲӴ
ҲòܡǼ֪ѡ
ⲻֻ֪֪࣬һ˵ףиǱֵ¶ղ˳ӡƽʱֱûɶ⣬֪ôֶûãڰ²顣иҲ֪羭ס𣿡

ͷ֮ǰҲǾ죬ӱܹģҲ֪ɵһЩ͵¶
ռ˶Щġ
Ͼиռ͵ˣҪǱ֪ȥˣҲǺܲõ¶
ﲻãҲ˵ǹﻤ̣ײ˼Ӱš
㣬иٲãҲû𺦵ռ͵˵档
극¿ӣ˿ſڣôǼҵĻˡ
ҿ
뿴иӳˡ˭Ӱࣿһ㲻ǴӸɲСӳйԱľ飬пܵġ
ռǳ׳Բ·ˣ
ûӦʱðȻƴҡͷûҰģû͸һ£治ϰ


42 
¹벻, ռİϣȥˡ
ƾɶиܵ, ԼҾͲܵˡ
˵, ԼҲɡ
˵иӳܶˡ
֮ܵӳ, ҲΪиռ㣬ǵ֧Ǹոս, ЩƫԶطǺصġϰǻž˼룬Ҫ忿£
иռˣСʱҲ࣬ʶֶᣬ֮, ɶ¶Ҷ, ĻҲࡣƾŻ飬ҲᾭӪҲ࣬ô˳µĵ˴ӳˡ
Ҳû, ϾһֱǼҹ¶ġ
ֻˣ֯϶ڴǺܸģܶط˼Ҳı䡣ռ͵Ҳûںʲô֧ˡ
и, ҲΪǴӳ
ӳۿƺ, Ҫ¶, û׼Ҫλˣ˭ܲأ
°ˣúñ, һҪ̤̤ʵʵΪɻ
ɻɶãǱ߿ɲһϡ
°չˣԽԽ֪ӺˡܿıԶ
񰡣¶ҲǲǣһˣãҲáԺ統ӳˣ϶Ҫչ㰡
Ц˵󻰣Ҹ統˴ӳҲչķݶ
°
иûУɲþ͵̨Ҹͣù⿿𣿵ʱ̨ˣڻ硣
̵Ҫ۾ͱˣҿ治Сʱˣ̫ˡ
үүÿϧòиءҪǵ˴ӳˣԺ氡Ĳȡ
°죬ļ򵥣֪ô˵к󻰵ģͺ񰡣˵զ죬Ƕġ
Ǹˡ
˴򽻵ԺŸð¶Цţи¶ȵȵȣżͷ̫żˣԵóѿи¶׶ˣٳͷ
вҲиˣи²ûȥ̾Ҳ֪ɶʱЩ֪û¡
ֿ񣬡Ҫѻ𣬵ȻáϧɶҲ֪ҪȻҪסڹǿˣӳռͶƫˣǹʺһࡣҪ֤ݣҿ϶վˡ˵ǲǡ
񣺡
°һ⻰ͻˡӺ࣬϶֪¶
϶˵Сӻɶȱ¶ŸɶûУҪ֪ȱ¶Ҵȣ
ûûûûɡϽ֣ûɣҶ͵͵ɻǸӡ˵ˣôӣͶŮͬ־ûɶˡ
˵˵ɶ£°ʵɨѶˣʱ׼һ١
ҲҪ֧Сӣʱ˵ʵǾ
ȻЩСϲ͵ûôӡôһŻҲˣ֪Ҳ࣬ǣƽʱֵܼţڹǱʱڲǽϿС͵˼Ůͬ־ϲ

С湻ĵġϲɶÿģéӲ
Ҷŵûڴ۶ɡ
뵽Լϲ͵ʱͷƤҪըˡ
ҾͲ֪ˣҲû˵ǾˣҲڿɡ
Ҷֱһ¡
͵Ůͬ־ϲ¶ɴСأΪиݣӵȥͱĶĺѸϽ֪ͨһ¶
֪ҪᡣƽʱɵЩ¶϶ҪھƽʱӴ࣬ᱻۡʱ¶ͷȥǾˡ
Щ˱ƽʱǶĻӣǵҲ֪Щ¶ܸɣҪץ
ǿûеӳĵء
ֵıۡϽȥԼڵĴӱ¶ˡҪƲϵ
֮䣬ʹھϵ
Ӻˣѱˣ˭ҲŲҴšⲻȥǱˡ
һֱȵ̫ɽˣźʹӵһȥǱˡ
߹ȥģһ·鶼áܳĬ
ĵ֪զ»иˣʱѧУҲզʱ¶ء
ˣҲġϾָŽѧУȻ˰Źأˡ
մ󱦵ҺչˣҪȻҡ
ϣһжɡ
Ȼ¶ûϣķߡһ˸ϵʱ򣬹ߵ쵼Ѿᣬ׼ˡ
֪µΪͬʱҲŵиλӳиϸĵ飬ºӦĴ֡ԲκһΥɵĸɲôҶȥϢڻس¶ҲܵӰ죬ιҲᰴ֪Ĺѡˡѡ֮ṫԭ򣬾ԲòֶλȡسֻҪԺŬɼ粻ûκһλ֪ġ
һӸ棬֪Ǿͱˡ
ǱĿľҪָ뱻иӰ쵽Լδس¶˳Ҳиӳ֡ϾﾲʱиǷźݻˣǻȥҲʶˣôһ֮ҪиӳԺ϶ܵӰġиλӳܸˡ
ˣҶܼرŮ֪࣬ҵĹһ
ɫأȥɣ˵ˣҪ֯ġԺҺúøɣлسǵĻġǲ˵ˣҪѧУ𣬻Ҫ󹤳ⶼǻᡣ
һȥ

ѵĴӲҲˣôһȥ
иûȥˣڴӲ߽ܵ顣
·ϣ͸ҹ¹ܶӳզǴӻǺõģӸɲҲǺõġҪģԺ˭ӳҲҪúùΪũһӲߵĸɲҲܹǵġ
ǶЩ֪໹ǲģڳϣ˼˻࣬Ҳðɫ͵̫嶯ˡ
ǱΡ
εˣȥúùɡ͵ȹ߳ҪˡִˣҲá
֤ΣҿҲˣҲˣڹ緢ˣҲǲµġ
֪Ƕ֪Ϊм˻͹ϵģҲ˳ǲµģҲ֪ʹûϵǴӳ⡣Ӧ飬Ҳʵʵ鷳
֪ô˵ӵĸɲһЩˡ
Щ֪֮󳢵ͷˣ´֡
һ˻ȥֱһֱڴȳֵԱΧŴϢˡ
Ӳ˵ǲԱǵģǶˣҲֻ͸¶һЩ
֪ǾͲˣռҸӸɵȱ¶˵ǸǱΪ飬ڲֹǾٱĶﶼٱˡ
ռʹӿˡ
֮ǰ˵и¶ˡҪһˣڿ¶Сû׼ӳˡ
ֿʼǰ²һ£Ҫ浱ˣ˭пܵ
ӸɲԼЩ뷨СӳҲʼ˼ˡ
иӳҪǸɲˣҪ˶ϰɡ
Ҳ˲и׻զˣʼĥԼզܶȥˡ
˺в֮ǰ뷨һи²Լȥڱ˵л¶Ҳȷʵȱ£ӳģƷʻҪӲС
˵ỹ˾ٱ͵Ůͬ־ϲ֪ǲġҲ֪۶ǲĶǲ۵ġ
¶ֵ涪۶ɾˡĶЦˡ
ǶЩ꣬¶û⻵»治١

ռ⻹ûüԼأԼʼֳˡ̵иСƽʱҲûô˰
ЦЦⲻǵˣǽơƽʱϰհʵ£ı档ؼʱҲָϰճˡ


43 
и¶֪ͷ֮, һʰˡ
ڶϢ֮, ٱԽԽࡣиŴֵ, Ҳ侮ʯġЩҲƲ׹ϵġȻ, иƽʱΪȷʵҲ㲻ɡƽʱ鲻ҪҪ, ǻǲ١ΪɲȻǲϸġ
رиϺȵĶӣڹ͵ֱˣåλν֪飬ƭŮ֪࣬ҪŮ֪ˣå, ǵ֪඼, һҲ˺ܲõӰ졣
ӵ֪ҲԹ֪¶úܽĹܱ
쵼ûԸⱣġ
Ȼƽʱڹƨ߹ϵʱ˭Ҳմϵζиֱ˵ˡ
һֱ˹ŷŻĴǣиıһߣ , ӴԺͨԱˣһҪܴߵļලٷ¶ͬ־Ϊ͵Ůͬ־ϲ, ˣå, Ҫȥũ졣
ũɲǵҪũ, רͶһЩԱģȥÿ챻˼ලɻġɲ͵ˣ
ϢռʹӵʱԱǶһƬꡣ
ӳôĸɲ, ˵Ͳˣ벻
֮ǰȻ˵뿴и֣ҲλãĲˣҶӻץȥˣоͦġ
Ҳͦ꣬ʹ飬ȥһ¡
Ȼи巸˴󣬵ôҲǵӳˣûҲпˣ㲻ˣҲҪһ㡣ҺСȥӾ ûɶְλҲûɶӰ졣ǴҾͱȥˣ翴á
ӲʵѾиˡ߲ôʵ
ôţҲûп񵽵ᣬظ顣
иһɧ˭
ͺСˣ֮ǰռ˵˻Ĵʱ䣬ǴڴȳǱ΢ӭһ£иһ¶˶ĹģôһЩ
񿪳ˣүү̾ȥӭиˡ
ЩͬأҲͬˣӦȥȳһӭиǡ
һߣСһȥ˹硣Ϊ֪࣬и֪᲻ˣԾͰһ
˷ĵ˹磬ͿиŹǱߵΣС׼뿪ռ͵ġ
վһи壡
иͷɥģ̧ͷһͿˡ
˵ʵڵģͦԹģҪ¶ҲչˡҲûɫˡ
ɲܣֱͣߣи壬ؼˡ
εӴ⻹ͦ鰡ĺͰϲһġ
Σи㲻ǶӳˣҲΪµģ͵ĺˮġ˴£ѾˣǲĿͣȻһӡۿɲ˲ˣ۲ˡ
ǰ濪ʱӶˣҪ֪ãҪˡ
ǰֻԼƤ˵ϹںһȣֱûñȰԼл̫ǳˡ
ͦظ顣ЦЦӡǺһЩ
ɲģ˵ԼһӶλ棬µľ߲ˡ
ıȻЩøˡ
ииͬ־㻹иҲԲǡ
и
һ·ϵռߣռʹȳҲѾۼһˡչѾûƽʱæµʱ͹ˡ
иﶼ޳ˡ
һӷˣ¶ɾˣʵǼŲҰ
÷ᣬοϽӴ뿪㣬뿪㡣һˣΪ˲ˡ㿴ҼûһϢģⲻҲĺúõҲǼҳˡ
иԹǼզЩ֪ܺõأզ¶ء
̾ͲˣΪ飬°ο˵ģڻԹˣֱһڣиһӳܲסָҼҼûȥֶǵЩ֪ˡ㻹˵ɥĵĻǴܹǼҼ˭˭ˣզ˵ԼӲɺأռ͵ɾˡ
иڿɲǴӳˣﻹֳ¶ڻż׳أ˭˭ǶŶġ
Ƕ˵⻹治ܹҲƭ˵ġ
Ҳ渺ҲͦΪѵġ
̵ȻΪˣҲ֪࣬˼Ҷȥˣûȥ˼𣿡
˵иԼƭˡӵƭŮ֪ˣһֵĻƭҲҪˡ
Ҳ֪ǲԼЩҪ¶˵л
ҲֹǲиԼҲǸ˼ƭƭŮ֪ء
ȥиأظġ¶ʮСɶ
иⲻǾ˵һ
иصռ͵ʱ򣬿ľȫĳ档һ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̫ͬԣ⿴ӭӴɲһ
Ⱳӳ˿ʱ򣬾ûܹĴˡ治ϡ
ʱĻؼң˭Ҳ
񼤶и㿴ǹġ㲻ҪڣҶû㡣ĺá㲻ӳˣҲһи塣
и㲵ֿʼͬˡ
ʹүֱӰοиһܲ¶أ㡣
иԺһֵأûɶ
иۻֵܡ

һһģиϵɫȥġ󳹵׺ˡ߳ŭ˵ɶ˵ɶ˵ģƽʱڶ˵ˣζôɲܵˣͻĻأһҪôˣȻΪֵˡ
Щӭ˿û⡣
ԼĺĹһͨίˡ
ҪиǴӳǱνиǴӳˣԼ¶ߣˣˣҲ̫Եˡѹֵɸɲáʱĵͬľͱûˡ
񻹰οңλǣи鲻ãҼ£¡
µǾһ˵ˣǴͦΪֵġиˣϸȥӣиһʲô̬Ȱ
ָϽĸܹΡ
θã߶ռʹоİţÿһ¡ҼǵǶи㳡ɣȥǱ߰ɡ
һҪİţˣ˴ҴҵǱȥ
Ҳȥӣһ·϶̧ͷͦصģԼĲˡ
ĺܿ죬ɲҲܿˡ
ε׸и˵ӣȻؼˡԼ顣
λԱͬ־ǣιиͬ־ͨѾˣλӦѾ֪ˡҲ˵ˡλ쵼飬һͬиͬ־Ĵӳְ񡭡
Ϊ̫ͻȻˣһʱģҲûָʵռ͵Ĵӳ
Ͼ֮ǰиһ죬Ӳߵĸɲл͹Ǳ߶ԽӣӳûСȻҲ֪ĸɲĺûǲõġε飬Ҳ㰲ˡԹǱߵȿһʱ䣬ְһиĸɲǲŶˡ
æµչˣʱҲŰŴӳˡ¶ôӲĸɲǻһ¾ˡȿˣ͸ռƶʽĴӳ
⻰ЩʧЩ˷ܡ
ʧΪû֪¶ӳ˭˷Ƕֿˡû¶ʱܲ²һ½˭λ
ɲǣЩСӳǸĦȭƵġ
˷ܵĲˡ
̸ֵ֮
λ̸Ǻͱ˹ϵãܵ翴ˡ
ҲܴôģֵĺκϤһһ㶼ûţЦľ͹ȥˡ
Σɳȥ
ˣҲԶԼ߾ˡεǹԴҲռӵıˡǸש¶⼸ͦæ¶ˣҺһ죬˼ǣȼ˵λݣλ̸̸ϾשҤ¶ǵúͶе̸֪۹ܲܽ
¶Ϊѣ⼸ûӦҶ֪˼ûпաҾ;˺ԡ
εͷ;šǲǵĹ׵ġ
ĵ⻰˵ġ
֮󣬴ߵĸɲոǺ˵ɶǲ˵˴ӳ¶
ЦŵûѧУɶʱ򽨣и¶ѧУ顣ûϵ֮ǰѧУ¶ҲڹܵģԲᵢġ
Ӹɲ⻰񰡣ѧУ¶ɶҪľᣬϾǴӵ¶ҶΡ
Цŵͷĵ֪ˡ
и¶ö֪Ҳܸˡ
Ҳõıиˡ
զʵʵҲˣѡ˻سȥҲҪѡֺõġһ־еġֻ֣Ϊ˵õƽĻᣬڹƽǰ£ҲҪܻȥˣæʱ򣬴Ҷúøɣ۳ɺˣҲעǵġԺǻ͸ˡ
ĻҲ˸ĶˡŬ²֪ĸŬ
ŴߣӸɻӣ⣬Ȼ˻Ҫģ˾ж


44 
и¶ܿͳ䶨ˡ
Ϊӳôһɲߣ, ϶Ǿ춯ص, һСˮûСһ֪ͨ, ôˡ
и岻Ϊ, һü춼ûţĴֶɡԱҲͰһȥˡ
ɲǿʼŬԼ, ҪԱǰºӡ󣬺ýиӳλá
ռЩżиǱǸŪˣ붥Ҳ̫˰ɡ
֮ǰզû뵽ô˾ء
Щ˸Ӳֳɵİɡ
ûЩ¶Լæ˸ʱȥӹС깴Ǳһ, Ѿյ, Ȼȥִ绰
ȷʵյˣ˷ܣһֱš
ΪԼְλͣﲻԼӰźλáһֱΡܸԼӰæ, ޲͹
֮ʾȥȻƱء
ӳʱ, ŷ, ֻ˴֮, Żռ߳
Էʱռ˶ġ
ҲûҪ˵˼°ס, 񰡣ܻ㿴ǲҲҪɶǼǲҲҪȥ˵û
߳Էߵôûõġοɲǿ˵ܶġ
̵Ǹƺ«˼ûñȰСӳǶ˵ġ
Ци᲻˵ˣ
̣
°һ㲻żĥѾͷ϶ɶ뷨ˣҲͲżˡ
񰡣иŪˣǸбµӡ϶֪զġ
üɶ˼˭иŪˣ
°ΪԼ˼ˣϽ͵û˵ɶ˼Ǹбµġ
ЦԺ󻰿ɲ˵и塣µ֪ǡٱģҶ硭ɶ¶ƣһǸʮĺӣиˣҲмߵġҪȻҲῪȥ
񣺡ﰡӰ
ռҲ˵
ǵףҺ͹ϵã֪ϵãʹӹϵҲáңܷϴӳְλĹؼһ۵㶼еġ
°죬ȻһͷϣûҪǱ˲ˣɶҲ˵֪ˣҴͣ
ί죬Ȼʹҡͷ
˭˭ȥٱҲǼҪҲԩˡ
Ҳҷ׵㣬˵Ķ˵ˡ
˶Ͻҡͷ
˵̾ˣǲ棬Ҳ˵⡭ҲҰ
Ҷˣ淢ԵˣѵˡΪռҺá׶ռҪĽ׶ΣܷһԾϴӳͿˡ
°Ҫ˵֣ţҴ¶ͼƻˡ
Щģ񰡣ܵӳҲ˵Ҫô¶һܲզ죿
ⲻһġϿҵûɶѵģ͹ܹҪǲᣬҡҰֵ¹ܵ˿ɱ۴ӵ˶أҿˣо顣
æǾͲˡڴӲ򵥡
ۼ˶Ҫ͵㡣ȥţֵĺ뵱ӳһ͵ˣߵ£
Ҷ˷ܵҶˣͽҧ˵ĹС

ֱһ£˵˵
˿ȣܺԼ̶ˣٳΪۼҪֵĺظ飬¹иǱɶ¶ǼҲǺǼġҲ׼ְλġԺ˭ӳǶ氲ŵġۼûϵ
°ܵϴӳ涼֪簡
ܿͻ֪ġϾолˣֻҪҸҾˡ
Ͻҿ϶ɶ㡣
ͷڿʼҪһͬ־ˡڿҹСڵһߣڼҪһɷ򣬲ҪٶɩӴСˡ
ĬɸмĿһۡ
ˣҲ˵ͨ壬ϲԼŴСеġ
⣬Ҳ͵ӳйϵ
񷭰ۣŮͬ־ҲͶƱȨġ𲻰Ů˵¡СŮˣ㵱ȥҲùǰ֮СԺ㵱ӳˣ˼Ҿٱ㲻Ůͬ־ȥ졣
ŵö뵱ӳˡ
ֿˣҶһӳҵļǶǱӶŵġҪѧиӸˡۼһҪֺ˰ˣȡüͥұӣڳЩɲģ൱עؼҷ硣ֻļͥߵĳԶиģ߰ˡҸɲ·Ŷʮ꣬ءԺ϶ҪߵģǴӳԺҪȥ磬ȥ
ռŶŴˣĺô󰡡Ǿõӳˡ
̽ŵ񰡣𣿡
̣ǰȡӳλڲлˣһߣҡֻҪҵģ϶ûġҪȻȡӳְλȡˣԺ綼ҵġ
û˵ģģ°̬ȻһԼӡ
Ҳͷ
ЦУ磬͵֪ͨɡ
ɣҸɶҾ͸ɶ
үүвĶһۣûһ뷨ȢŮˣռŮҲˡϴϱҲǸɫҪȻ޶ͻȻЩͬԶںǵվǿˣǸ۸ѹȵС
ռ͵ĸɲÿ춼ŷڴԱǰˢڸУϣõ֧֡ЩɲҲȥ㱨ҪԴԼ
һӻġԭϲ洵ţˣһ㻰Ҳû˵ʵʵڼӡ
ϴ·ʱĸŮͬ־ǣó°Ҳȡһ¡Ȼ󣬵ǺôҲǸСӳء˵ˣⲻǻ֧𣬻лġ
°͵ҼҾͲָˡֺ̫ˣֻͷɻˡ⵱˴ӳġǾͿǱôˣ֯š
ɻզأ˵ɻͳɣֻܱ˵ɵĺã㻹Ҫæġ
˲ˣ֧־ְ֧֣֧ʵʵСӳ֪ˡ°ЦŰ֡
Щ˵öˣռ͵ҲΪǲ׼ȡˡ
ϾᣬҲֻˡڸбȽϵ͡Ҫи񣬴עⲻ
ȡãһˡ£Ҫæ֧һ¡Ͼǹż׳ˣ͹ǱҲϵ
ҡͷ¶ҿɲ֣һ֪࣬ЩɶижߣҾͰű˽λãġ
βģҲͲˣֻҪֱ֧˾ˡ
ڶﻹûֵ֧˭ŴҶ֣û͡һߣǰδӳи˵Եġ
˵ȥοһ¡
иԴӳ¶֮󣬶һûȥġ
ܵӰ졣ɷֲõ˼ңݶġиȻɷ⣬Ҳ˴ˡͨԱǼұûɶϵȻɲ붥λãҲմȾǷǣǼҾԵͥˡ
ôһŵġиϱ鸴ӵĲˡ
֪Σ棬ҲõİҪ⺢ӽ棬ȥǱ֡Ҳڳ¶ˡ
Ҹ˵㶫ɡ
иҲ˵ɶˣҲݲˣŶͽ
и棬
壬
ɶиӲ
Ǽﶥ̣磬ǿɶҪ㰡ҪǲҾˡ
иϱĨᣬҼһɶָ𣿡
զûָˣҲǹһӣָɶʱˣͷųˡ
и˵ڿ治뿴⼸رڣ治ðӸŪռġҪǲûЩ¶ˡ
֪̾ǹңԼܹ˭ͷ˭β˵ĸص㣬ÿ¶ûɰҪŪˣĴˣǿɲǸôˡ壬ǵң¶ֵ硣˲ӳˣҪˣܳɶ
иϱŵ˵ˣأ
Ů֪أݵġᵨӿȥһҲãסˣԺˣֱˣúùӡҾͻϣȻɶʱǾͲ˵ˡ
̾ҲҪʼѧУˣڵػҲڽСĥţ⽨ѧУ¶Ҳһݹ͡ҪǽˣҵʱҪ´ӳȡһ£ӻʳøɻϾ֮ǰӦõ¶
иſ
иϱҲ۾
иô룿
ǿɲи壬ǹǣһ¶Ϊ˶ãҪǲãҲȥ㣬Щ֪ҽҲǵɫˡϾģΪȡģ϶Ҳȡ
иϱЩˣôи΢õϢˣ񰡣ľǺáȶǺöˣô֣˵Ͳˡ
ǱˣҲǲˡҲñڱЦǵġ飬һȡֻҪεĴӳͬ⣬¶϶ûġҾȻȥˣǵҵϢ
и룬ҪˣһǱ糤иģǱߣǷһ顣Ҫ¶ˣȥ˵˵
壬ûɶ¡ͷİɡЦЦת뿪и
ռңֵۣԺȥиˡ
ȥˡЦ¶ˡ
ȥиΪиڹǱߵĹϵ𣿱ǽƣǺô˼ʮĶӳڹǱ߿϶ʶ˰εûæ϶ǿԵġ
ڹһûУֻǱһש߳¶ܰٷְȷܸæȻ˫¡
иʱڣЩϵá
ԴҲÿģڲãһиˣƽϢ֮ЩϵŪǲǻˡ
ʳõĸλҲһˡ


45 
ûεռ, һܡڶͿ񿪳ȥˡ
æ, ԴΪ, ڳæ, ¶Ϊһϵ顣
˾¶֮ǰͺõġϾԺҪʦ, Ҫ˽Ӱࡣ
ƽʱȥ£Լŵùˣ밲С۶࣬顣ʶ˶࣬·㡣
Ȼ֧, ˽, ԼˣҲӦõġЩŮ֪࣬һ㿼鶼ûУֱӽĳء
֮ǰͰѿս̸ˡ
˴ҴҵĴǡ
ǰ, ҲⰡ
Ҫ˵ΨһڵģǾЩӡЩСģˡ
ö, Ҫȥ˭
ǰ﹫Ҫ, ǻܡôࡣ˾Ҫľǵ, ư͡ϸ۾ͻˡ
Ͻ졣⻹׼ƨţòءЩʧ䡣
磬, ڽ㡣Ĵ쵼˾˺ݻġ룬µ쵼й˾ϲԼ¶˾𣿴쵼ƨʱ䶼ûСæأǵã㵱˾Ҳܵһ˾
⵱˾б˾
س˾רԱ˾ʡ쵼˾˭˾ĵλǸس˾磬ǶǸɲҪдġ
ĻֱĴš
첻֪˵ɶоԼǰĻ̫ͿˣȻɶ֪
ĽǸӳĶˡ
˼ҵ˾ȴӳ
ͻȻž;òˡ
ﳵվͰԼдõӸˡ
д켼֡
ܿ죬ĳӽ˳վȻͣ
ǳſڲԶšȡ˵һۿ
һһС˿ӣȻ˹
һ۾ϳˣλ켼ֿ
塣ӭ˹ȥ
켼ֵͬѧ
ЦŵͷǣһģǺˡ
켼мֶˣζ㰡ѵ㻹
ǻҲϣǹܰ¶أȻ¶Ҳǣͷܲܳɰÿء
켼ŵֻҪҿ϶ûġһСûļ
ЦŵǾָˡȻк񣬡Сգ켼
񣺡ŶϽ߹켼ųϡ
֣רŹġͷڹжû취۽ͨ㣬ίˡ
켼ЩˣæίίӦõġ
ǰ˾ΪԱߣԼϺСʡǰ켼ҪԴˡ
·ϣ켼Ҫֵ¶¶֮߻ֹģڰµʱ͹ᣬ쵼ӡ᲻áͷİɣ⹫쵼Ҷ죬Щ¶˵ܲÿͬ־Ҳã¶ˣ쵼άġ
켼ǸʵˣҪȻҲһӵϼˣҲ飬֪˵еЩطɲ̸ȷʵÿ
Ƕӵͬѧܲƭˡ
׼ˡκͺǣ糤ⰲʱλдλļʦͷи߼ĹˣǶǺֵصġǸשġ
һʱξͳˡЦĺ켼к
˽ܡ
ӭӭһӭҪȥ칫Ǳߺȿˮ
켼ͷжС
ΰ칫棬켼Ҳѵλ˳ˡ
ҲǴŹģǾǸʽשҺʵ걾ȥЩоԱοΪط϶ϣҲͬԵطϽһЩָ
ʵҲ⡣ڳѸע⣬˼ҴӶࡣ
Цŵǿ϶ϣҲ֪ߵʺʲôש顣
˺һ裬һ£Ǻ糤Ҳˣξʽܴʶһ̸칫罨ש߳Ļ
Ҳûͣ˳ȥ񣬡쵼Ҫȥ£㸺ȥҴ˵Ǵӵ֡¶ˡ
۾֪ɶ
񷭰ۣ벻뻻λˣúÿ쵼⡣쵼㳵úãǱ߾ûɶˡ
ҲǴˣͷӦˣȻϽͷ˶ˡ
ҲΪģǺú鲻ˣҲǿϣȡԺȥգ濿£
ɵЦҾϲҿһӳҲ⡣
Ժ쵼Ҳ쵼ء
Ǿͺúÿס˺ݻࡣ
סˣͷ
칫̸һͷ˾׼ȥ콨λˣ켼߿϶ҪȿġҲǴ¶쵼׼ȥ
׼Уȥʡʱ䣬ս۹ԱҲ
ʵҲгҲֻƽʱ࣬쵼ǳȥáֽطҲȥá
гõȻˡرλ켼ǴӴġ
ΪɲҲλеǰûӡ
УǾɡ
ƽʱϺãʱ䶼߰æҪ쵼ǲҾÿﱨˡ
Ц֪࣬⻹ͦ
񲻺˼ⲻżѧУ𣿵ػҪںˣ͵۳שء
ξͺͺǵǣҪҲˡҲǹĴ¶
УǸͬ־鷳ˡҲ¶Цݡ
İ֣鷳鷳Ϊ񡣡
һĿһȺ쵼ˡ
ˣȥۺϰ칫Ǳ߿˸֤ϾΪ߿ģʱǹ֣ǾͲܲ㹤ˡ
Ҳ֤ȷʵҪ񿪳ġ쵼Լˡ
˶Ǻͺߵģ֤һ㲻
֤֮תһȦ糤칫ſվסˣȻ˹糤
˵糤Ҳİϴиġ˹ϵ㲻
ˣҲû˵ʲôϾ¶ڹߺˡȻûۣҲЩӰ죬һֱӡ
糤ҽŵʱиˣҴΪʺ˵ûæǺܸмƽչ˵ģһҪѻ
糤֪ˡиʲô
лҪ˵ôôա
ǲܵӳİ䶼СŮԣȻŮƽȣǺѡʱ졣ôôա


46 
ڶ, Ҳ쵼ǵĴ, Ҳֹˮ, ˵, ռͻҪԼչˡ
Ҳø糤ѹϾԺҪ̧ͷͷҲġҲһ, ˵ڸɲǶܻȡӳλáҲСӳûôʵֻ̤̤ʵʵɻʵµġ
̾ǻǶ֯, ɲʵ˳Կʱˡ
糤, ֯ԼĿǣǲõġ
Цһֱ֯ġҲ쵼۹⡣
Ŀ糤˰칫ңŸ߸ߡ
ʱ, ȥʱֻ߻ȥ̾ԺҪŪһԼгһɶ㡣
һŵ, ʱҪԷʱˡȥһ˴Ǳ, ѹ֤øǱ߿
Сһǹ֤, ʱסˣȥ翪ˣ
Ҳ
ܴӴߵ磬ǿɲһˡ
ɶʱôˡǵԣ
Цŵ, ûǻ£쳧æҸٸҿȥ£ùǱҪóҸ翪ͦˮƽģͱǱˡ찡ҪȥǱ߿ⲻǱ߾͸֤
մ󱦾Ϊ񿪳ôã쵼ˣ
ɰɣȷʵЩ֡˵˰ҵһõóֵġ˲ڿ죬ѧͦġ
ε컯
֪զأҲͿ⼸졣쵼զŰɡ
ô˵ɴӵﶼˣǻˡܱǱ쵼пģԺﰲſĸλǲ
Ҳ֪ΣڱڹˡҪôȷʵ͹Ǳ쵼죬쵽ܸŹˡҪôǹĿˡ
¹һ㣬ԺİŶҪ䶯һˡ
صռߣͰ¶ռ˵ˡ
°֪ԼȥǱ߸ǿˣĲˡǷ϶Ȼȥ쵼ˣⲻΰɡ
Ҳ̫磬ÿ⼸զҪǱ쵼ϻˣǲŶء
°ҪǱϻҴĹȣ
вĶʱһ¼򣬡Ҳɡ
ߵһ𣿶ʮޣϱûȢʱһûϢȢƤϱˡ
вĿܹ裬ֺԼﳳˡ
үү˿ȣûôҲôģɰﲻɶ
ڳ°ĺá
ǶϢˣҪӳְλҲҪλˣӸȥˣŮҲѧУ֮ıһݹԽԽˡ
ҲʼһЩˡ
ҲУ˭иТ˳гϢŮأڶ˵ɶҺ̶ˡõ񣬵ʱԼҺǵǰ̡
磬ռȥ˵û񣬾һȥˣֹǲ͵ȥˡ
ռ˾ͳŻȥ쵼ǿ¶һ
¶Ҫ͵ɾͲõ͵ˡֹܵ͵Ҫߵ֪ܿǱ쵼ѡеġ
°˵Ҳ⺢ӾǶãΪ˸æҪֶɡƽʱиɶ¶ҲͦҪóǸ֪߲ҼΪûῪȥأлᱻ쵼С
ЩԭίЩĽĲˣ߶ţǼҸǰ
°Ҳôãȷʵǵġ
һʱ䣬˾Ͷ֪񱻹ǿˣȥ쵼¶ˡ
Ҳǲæģ־񲻿ôͣܰ쵽ȥҪôͣզԼȥأũأ
ԴǱʶΪ˹ʺˣôɵıǱ߿ˣôᡣ
ʱ¹ԱǶΧ¶
񰡣զͱ翴
㿪ôѧ𣿡
Ժǲȥǿ

ͷһ⡣ǰڶãԼҲϾ˭ϲء
ԼʵڳԲֵصĿͷֻҪû˵ˡ
û뵽Լһ컹ܱĽ
ⱻԼ˶Ǽˡ
лԼӡ֮ǰ׸ɻȻû׸ɰ
˿ȣУ쵼˵ҿĺãȣҲȥء
Ļش𣬴һ˷ܡ
ںöǶû˵ǺĸɲˡôĹءܵõǵĿ佱ˣ̫˲ˡ
Ǹڴţģǵ˵ģ˺ݻ࣬żţĳ嶯Ϳˡ
һЩӵԱԽľʹǰһˡ͸ɲˣʼɲˡǳͷˡ
һ죬ȥǱ߸Ǳ߿
ûܣϾΪһ֪࣬͹Ǳ᲻࣬ûǱܣ쵼һֲ̤ʵӡ󡣷ÿ춼ܸϢҲȥ翪һôʱʱ֪̿Ϣ
˵Ǳѡ˼죬Ѿѡ˺ʵĵصˣҪשҤˡ
Ǳ׼ӸǱ߳ȡһ׳ȥשҤ
ϢŴӵгȥˡ
ãΪש߳¶Ƕˡ
ש߳Թ˵شԺҪ㽨Ľͳɱ˵ˣש֮߳󣬹ѧУҲҪؽ⹫İ칫ҲҪؽˣ뽨¥ש߳ԺҲܸߴ롣һٶõĺô
ʱڿש߳ͼֽ켼ġ
ΣæءЦſš
֪ˣЦЦɡ
Ž£Σ⿪ģש߳¶˳ˣ
ε㻹֪ܲģĲǶ֣
һǲְʵأ˵쵼¶
۾˵Ϲֵǵզ˰ǱߵػѾҪںã۾͵ש齨ѧУҪȻҲ鷳ˡǹҲ˼
ש߳¶ҲܣļأҲûɶģҪˣ붬ˣû¶絽ʱԱװשҤ
̫ˡ˵׼Ազ
εզҲҪһٸɣԴ㹤Ǯ
һΣҪǴһֵĻɡ۲ҪǮ
üǲҪǮש֪߳¶ɲһܴӦģܲϰհ׸ɻǲѹᣬϰոɻǶҪǮġ
զ۸ϰհԼϰأȱ¶˵ǮǶԼ߷ֵһѣϾԺҪάש߳ҲҪʽģǲǣ
һĿĵ֪ǲ̫ ԲŻô˽
𣿡
ҲܣһȥʹġǴûɶ֪Ϊ֮ǰӳ¶ŤתԴӵӡ󡣶ʵϰգϣԼ𰡡߳ȥˣǿɹϵġȻôģ֪զԿ͸һɡ
εͷǵҲУȥǶ뷨
ЦŵǣΣש֮߳Լש𣿹ǮԼһ¹ש߳õĳɱԼ
üʲô˼
񲻺˼۴ש߳ש飬ۿ϶ǸôǮģʱ򻹵ǷߵǮҲ˼ĥţԼשǮԼҪúǮطãֱӸ硣ʡǮ߲Ҳø̫𣿡
뷨Ҳĥˡ
ӶҪҹҪש飬ǿ϶ҲҪǷġծ֪ɶʱ򻹡
ӻҲܱǻܲϰջսӻծ
ҪԼשǮͲøˣԼ߲Ҫٳɱյһʷá
Ȼ׬һЩܱȱǷծá
ծɲɵ¶˶ûջء
¶ҵʱͺש߳ûءǸ¶ҲϽǴǱ
˵Ͼͻȥ
ûൢ飬ﳵشӡ뿪緶Χ֮ͿʼƵгˣ¶ɹļʡ
Լ¶ҪܳɣǿʡһǮˡ
ԼӵȥשҤԺҪ֮ģǿ϶Ҳռʹˡ
ؼͷĻᡣ
гյĻصռʹӡ
ûżȥӲǱߣǵ¹ˣȥﵥ̸
Լε
ɶϵأ
Դ⵱ӳĶˣҪǻְһӾ͵Աˡ
ȥӲǱߺ˵¶˵ע⡣

һȥô˵ˡʣµ¶ҡɶڶûӳˣӸɲƽȵġֲȥ쵼
ЩţһȥҲ͵ӴˡС
˾ʹҴææԷӲȥ
ƽʱҲȥӲһֱܵ͵һӲˣΪġ
ĺʹ˽¶
˵ҪҸӵԱȥשҤҾи뷨ʹһ¡
û뵽ȥ翪ôʱӴϢ
ǿͦģʵɶ뷨
Ͱ˵뷨˵һ顣
⣬ܳ𣿡մЩĵ˵ˣԼǮоˡǹ¶ǳǮʰɡ
Ҿò۶̫ˡɶôǡǿǮǶǸԱģҲԼҹˡΪ˴ӺãҾǮǱġҾͽһ£ҪǾôӵֵЩǮҲûɶ˵ġ
ҲͷҾҸ뷨ͦõġҪⷨӳˣҾҪҹǱһ£ǵשܸܲŻһ㣬ǾʡǮˡҪǴ߸Ǯۼ׳Ǳ߿ԸԱǴǷԺ׵ʱծԴҶ
û뵽ô࣬ҪǴģһԱǶŪһ롣ҺùꡣҪǲͬ⣬ҾȥСǱߵɶȡСȥɻ
Ա֪˲Ҫ˵ȫԱǵɣҲûӳ
Ӹɲǣ⻹õԱԱǮ׬˭Ⱑ
Ȼ֪̻Ҫһߵġ¹ܴӸɲզģҲס
ҪԼֻСӵˣСӿ϶ͬ⣬ʱСӻҪ¡Ӧˡ
ϹʱΪ¶ķˣʹ¶
Сӳķԣɫˡ䲻ģ˴¶
֮ǰģŴء
¹ǲ뾺ӳλãǴ¶ˡ
ӳҲûޣ˭Լûһڹ翪ֵء
ЩСӳһԱǿɸˡ
춼û¶أ˵ȷʵһ¡ǴԱձ黹ϣܹһġ
ܹȥש߳ܶǮǻɶġ
˵ԼӳǮǴȥǹǮ۴ӿֻȥһ֣ҲпΪ֮ǰӰ죬һȥôԼ
ⶼÿǡ¹ܴӵǮǹǮԼǮ˭ĶСؼĻԼ׬Ǯ
ԥľѡԼӳǮ
Ӹɲһͷһޱ顣
ʼЩţڿôԱǶ֧ӣԽԽеˣǳɣҴͺһȥǱȡզҲҪôᡣ
ģϢ
ԱǸ˵ĺ
죬ŬסԼϵЦ⡣
Ϲ֮ͰѶɻ¶СӼǷԱԼȥˡ
ˣĵҿСӳûˡ
մ󱦵˵
ΪΣǸŮͬ־ҲûӳλãԶ¶ǿԼ룬˵ٺܱȵϸʵʵڵĺô𣿱֮ǰڣզڶȲһ¶һȥڹ¶ˡĸСӳ¶Ļˣ
մ󱦿˿ȣﾺ뷨Ҳûˡ
ԼΪƣû׼ȡһأʶҲǿҡ֪ԼûܹԱûЩСӳ㣬֪ˣҲûô뷨ˡҾǮ
մ۵Ŀڡ
ɶ۵ģοףҪ˵˶ӳҲãǱǮȻڴӣܵʵ˭ҲöҪ˶ӳܲչ磿
˵Ҳǡ
մ󱦶ʱҲ뿪ˡ
Сʵģ
κմ򱬿һۣ˭Ķһÿ˭ġ
С붮ĽĲˣҪԼи˾ͺˡ
ȥ·ϣ͸ｨˣ̫ţԲ˵˵һжΪ˴ԱˡĻ
û뵽ô죬˹ˡ
ôˣ
ŴϹʱ˸ᣬͶƱˡ֧֡
εͷռ͵ĸɲ
Цŵռ͵Сӳͬ־˵ôе˵¶ҲΪͬ־
ɻͬ־ɶϵ
ø簡֪ɶˣֻҪԱǺõ¶һ׼Ӧ֧֣ɲӦҲСӵ¶ԼĹϵҲϵĺܴ󷽡ϾҪ֪ģԽǴ󷽵˵Խ˻ɶ
˼ףҲûɶҲΪ˶ڿ죬ֻҪлɣҶ⡣
εǴӵǮҲˣ
ŵӺ͹綼һģΪԱĺãֻҪǮܵԱͳɡҺͶɲǻԱ˵ˣҲͬ⡣
ʵΣ¶ɲۿ⿪˸ء
ù绨ǮȻû⡣¶Ҫɡ˭أܸʡ֧ǵȻˡһҪԼ˼๤ͼǹ֣ʡǮʡ
εͷУǻȥ˰ɣ⼸Ҫˡɡ
֣󲻵󣬵ˣŮͬ־ܸɡʵڲɣ̰ڵļӸҲС
Ǿͳɣ֪մˣ¶ҲˣҲûɶõĵġ
ȥţԼ̸ˣʵ֪࣬ߣ
̹Ȼӳ˵˭ûϽİҪ˵ߣα
Ҳǿɡκôĸɲˣ˼ҲóرʱĹϵʱһûġ
󷽷һҿ϶Ҹ簡ϾҲ˽⣬Ҿ;ʵ˸ɲԱ϶ã۸ˡ˵ˣҪǲãҲͬҵ뷨ˡɲԼӵǮǾͺҪһġͷҲˡ
ΰ˰֣˵һˡ
Цʱþ̤ʵˡ
ˣúøɡòðҪʵʵڵĳɼģɲġ
Ҹ϶Ŭġ
һֱŵĲˣˣĨ˰Ѻгˣ뿪緶Χˣʵզ
ûզģ¶ʱ㸺ġ㽲ɶˣ̤̤ʵʵĴӸɻСܻ˰ɡ
û˵ģҺôҲСӳˡ
ǾûˡڵʱҪ붬ûɶ¶ǵĿⶼש߳ˣ㸺¶ʹǻע㡣ֻҪ֪֣סˣӡ󲻲ǾûˡסһҪ̤̤ʵʵɻ˵Ҫһиȫ෴ˡ
ԽԽţ
һиȫͬ˰˴򽻵Щ¶Ǹɻᰡ
Ǳ߷ʵʵء
ŵͷİɣҿ϶ûġ
˴ӹҲ˺Ϣ
칫ש߳¶ռʹӸˡ
Ҫˡ
֪ϢԱǶ˵Ĳˡ
̫бˡ
οɸ۶Ū˼¡
ƽʱ࣬ͦµġ

һ¶ôӡ˸ıˡ
һûɶص㣬ĬĬŵСӳȻզ˵飬ǰ»ͦ׵ĸɲ
Ա˵ɲ˵ص㣬ܰ£ǲŵ㡣
˵ٺ㲻ܸ۰ʵ£˵ûɶô
ŴҵĿޣ̵ġ
̬Ҳ֮Щ仯ˣϾĶˣҲԼͦģϾô˶Ծֱͦˡ
ռվȺ˿佱һﶼĲˡ
رǳ°ûԼҶӾȻôһ졣
ҵĲˣҿסˣҪȻûһˡ
ŶŵҲ̬ȣصϸĺ̵裬ϸɣͰҲһ
̧̽°ͣǸø񲹲㰲ŰɡҺҲˣϾТ˳ҪûԵģ϶ҲԡǵøҶŵͣûɶζ
°
תȥүүүүٴ¹
үүֺǺǵҿŴȽϺã϶ˣǾɴ˯Ųʣ
¹ʹҪ̵ͰѼǼˡ
Ҷһ۾Բˣ̣ǣǲǸҵļױ𣿻Ҷõġ
̵ɶױ㵽ʱȥѧУʳùˣ˭һҪļױҪǺ˼ңҲϡ㼸ľͷǶȥҾߵġ϶͸ָˣ˰궼Ȣϱٸּü

û˵ˣզˣǰɣҪӳˣҪˣͲϡҼǲǣ
˵ˣ˭Ӳһ˵Ӳǻû𣬸ˡ°۵񣬶ͷвĿ
вŲӵУҵʱ˰æ
رԼ˵ɶɶĸоҲ֪һжġ
Դ֮󣬼ϱҸɫˣСҲ֮ǰˡ
гϢڶ档ǺҲãֹԼϢֵܡõĺӣϰТ˳ĺܣ˵Ҳ𾴣óԺúȵĶ˭
Ҫ˵ǰΪӲ۰ģھȫȫΪԼãŸġ

Ϊ켼ҪʱغǱȥԺ칫ҲŽשҤ֪ͨռ߸Ͻȥ㽨衣
¶ȥǱģȻҲĬӵġ
С֮߰ͳһȥǱ߸ɻΪ˲Ӱûɲȥǹ֣ǰƼ֪ȥʱǷԱ
죬Ҳȥһˡש߳λѡ˹總İɽ£ٽҲܴ
켼ͼָֽŴں˼˼Ķ˵һ֮ζʽҾȻĸ
ȻשҤ󣬵켼һ˸ɣҲæò˵ġ
վߣΣ켼֮שҤǲǾ˸֧ǲԼҲ˲ţ
üզƼģ
˵켼Ķӣڸڴӹ統֪ࡣСש󣬼ѧԨԴ϶һЩ
ο죬ָû˵
ôȦӣƻˡһʼõģ
Σ˵֮Ժש¶ֹΪҪѧУΪ켼Ķӡ˵Ҹ˸׳֮˳ҲǱ߸שԼ
Σǹש߳ͷˡ
ҵʱһ룬ǹש߳ǹ簡Ҳܱ˵ש𣬻ܰǸ㽨衣Ͱסˣ˵Ǳزģש߳һܵʱ˼Ӷûض˵۽ש߳զҲܵ¡ǹҪûضţǼ׳զҲҪλã˵ǲǣש߳ⶼ¶
鸴ӣֵֹģо֪֪С˼Ҳ˵ͦеġ
Ҿôһ˵ŷҪԼļԱģ켼Ķӣ϶˽ɶˡӻлѧҲ졣Ҫǲͬ⣬û˵ԺԼš֮ǰûǰ˵ᣬΪǺ͹̸Ҫ̸켼֮ǰˡҲõͼֽˣ˲ᣬҾᡣ
⵹ġţҪ֪ǰ¶㽨ש߳϶ҲҪӦһµġ
ǾͲϲ˺֯ǰ֯ɶˣܱ֯вģ
֪Ĳ˵⻹Ǻܵġûù治ÿ
ڰһλǵȻûġϾ켼ȷʵԶĴӺǹˣҲܾľһӶûСڼҲûɶ¶˼ˣǹҲԵ̫СҲȷʵһʵѡȻôĻҪô֪ͬ־Ժֳ¶˻Ҫѧأ̫ˡ
װͬ־Ҫ̤ʵ㣬Ժ˼ٵ
ԹԵĵͷĵԼٵǲɶɲ𣬻ɶש߳ġ
Ȼ쵼ѵҪġ
ԷĹξȥҺ˵¶
Ȼⲻɶ¶Ϊ칫Σκ飬޴СҪ쵼֪һ¡쵼Լбİţʱͻˡ
ⰲţҲûϾǵǵˣСС¶۽ҲС켼ĶܱȰһЩûɶµĹϵǿ͵ҲУһŹǲҪ켼һ㱨꣬ǾòϹءҲáҲ̫СˣԺһҪ˼أˣ켼֪զŵģôҲǸˡ
ЦɲҪǰţռǱߵļ׳ġ˼ڵ͡
ǸŮޣǶӡ󡣱Ͼ⼸ĳӾŵġ
԰ᣬͦġεʵʵ˵ˡ˴ûϸɲĸԣ˵ͦʵڵġ
Ȼô񣬵ǺӴ˼Σĺˡ
Цԭռģû뵽Щ˲ŵġǸ˾ͦ飬Ҳ̸࣬ʱԼԶԶģҲҿɻҲ̤ͦʵǸӵģҲûҸɲ˵ͷɻи治һǲģֻ֮ǰĶӳʡ
ĶӳҲѡģ֪ǰϸɲѡˡ˵⻰Ͳ顣Լѡ϶ѡõˡ
εͷøȫͬ
Ҳû˵У¶㿴ŰŰɡǱҴ绰˵˵
кǴ绰ֵ¶ûɶˡ
ֻһ֪ѣǱҲûҪĸλ棬Ҳûũʱܹ
˵绰ӹǱ߾ͨѶԱﳵȥС깴֪ͨˡ
߰ţӲȻû֪ͨʰˡ
һֱ¶ź칫ʲôʱܰש߳ʲôʱܹȥ
û뵽ôܰŹȥˣһЩϲϽʰ׼ˡ
˼ˣʶ֪ࡣ
Ҷ֪Ҫߣȥڹש߳£ʱĽĲˡ
ıߵĹϵ
ЦҼйϵ֮ǰͬѧ˵һשǱש߳ҪˣƼҡ
ͬѧá֣ԺǱʲôûˣҲǰ
ֵҪǰԼдһ£Ұ⣬лҾƼǡ
ڣҵȻȼϣĽԼдˣдԼس
ֽСźˡ̵ġȻ֪ģ϶ᰡʱС˺ãлˣ϶Ҳһѵġ
лҪ˵ôôգұ·ֿģ¶ͬһʱ䷢ģɴһˡҪȻÿҶҪҰ½ڷָ㣬ϰˡ


47 
켼Ҳû뵽ԼôͰŹˡʵﶼЩż, Ҫ, Ҫ̲ס߹ˡ
Һסˡ
ô, ûȥءԼ㲶, ۵ĲˡӸмˡ
Ҫͬ־Ǽ֣ӻҪǱܿء
Ҳܸм칫, ɻˡ
رκ˵Ժ־ڳﵱԱˣ켼Ŀڵ⼸ʮľ鶼̸ƽʱҲש߳ӴĶ࣬Щ, ϶ûġ
һ켼ʵеĻ, ʱⰲȷʵ׵ʲôȵϽӸءˣͿʼˣҲôĵʦ
켼֪ͬ־̻ˣԺ֪ͬ־ˡ
ֻҪɵĺ, ԺлسǻˣҲǲܵ
̵ţͬ־Խˡ
ȻǸ֪, ȷʵܴ
ϧǸŮͬ־, ҪǸͬ־, Ե̡̽Ůͬ־Ͳˡ
ɲ֪ԼԱˣ⼸Ҳ緢ġǵֱ֪ˣ˿, иˣԼְŸλˡ
ǹש߳ʽ֮ռ;Ϳʼæµˡ
ÿԱǶġΪôϹͻؼңصذÿϿǳȥӹʱ򣬻;ȥ׳ͼ׳ߵĿͻȥʱ˳ȥ˸ӻ
ôԱǿɸˣܵ˴ӵչˡ
ڴҲûɶϾӳûУ˭ҲܲԼǮҲǹܣȻ첻ˡ
ôһͳ׵Ĳøɻˣÿ˾ĵεȻû˵ʣǻҪ㹤ֵġ
ԱҲû˾֣ϾǱ쵼е֣ڹ쵼ôõĳء˵˼б¡
쵼ֺãǿ϶ҲǺõġ
˾ۺ죬Ҳõɡ
˼ĳӣĬˡ
ǱĬĽ¶ȥҴǱʽתˡ
ҳԺ۶ﲻֹԺѧУשҲҪģ֮۶и¶ҲҪãֿǳǮҲͦ鷳ģɴͰͶ﹫ðɡǮʹӵǮûһ㡣
ûԺֹ׳ãҲˡ
һҪμνйԣƻй򣬱Ͼֱڴӵġ
˴ӳ֮͵ÿʼƻˣԴȻҲҪӹˡⶼԼҹˡ
ܵһӲߵȻûˡ
ǰǼ׳õģò㣬Ӷֵĸλ⳵ҲܸˣӲߵĸɲȻҲû
ҲҪɶܵøء
Цŵã񰡣󷽡
ûɶǿŶ˭ȽϺʣͬ־תˣų϶ʵġҲһŮͬ־ש顣ԻǶ￴˭ࡣ
⻹ǵȻ񰡡
ⶼÿǵġ
ǿǹ쵼Ͽɵģߵĸɲɲ͹쵼ȥ˵ˣҲĺãٻҲ˵ȥԵ۸ˡ
Ӹɲúϼˣմ󱦵˵ˣɣڲ𣿡
ҲϿɣԣͦõġ
˸ûˡ
ЦŵУӲİš
˹ʾˡ
ʾǣΪשҤԼδѧУҪԵʣռʹҪָλ쵼Ͽɣͬ־Ϊһϸ֣ʽΪռʹ֡
ӷĹʾ˳ˡ
죬ռҶϲĲˡ
ǰռûϢľˡֻͷ
ҪȻҲһҲ϶ˡǳ⡣
ڿɺˣôûϢҲܵˡ
ԷʱЦˡҲ˵ͷ֮ǰݣ˾Ǿñ֮ǰֵصʱооͷˡ·ˡ
̵NɪɶҼ£ǰ͸ǽˡ
񣺡
Ц̣ô˵ԼҲϢġҪѧῪҲﲻˡ
ûûõˡûãҲ취ϣܲǲϺ
˵ˣһ㶼Ƚϴ˲ŷ͵ʵǲͷҪִˣֱӰש߳ȥשˣǸ棬͵ҲûˣֻʵʵɿԼ
ɲ֪Щ㣬ԼҲˣûɲǷⲻҲͦѧɶ졣мĿԼӣ񰡣ӡû˵ġͷץԡ
Цŵͷлл硣ҾǺá
ţˡҲǸأôõءͷøץԡ֤ԼǸø硣Ǹõĸ硣
˵㻰ȥ˵ʱ򣬾ں¨ӡҲץ㣬ǰ͵ǻߴоˣ֪Ū㡣
Ȼڶȥ¨ӵʱ¨ˡ
ȥʱ͸߸˵İӳôɩԡ
ҶƽʱҪڻȥץ㣬ʱۡ
磬ץԡǰҪ񵰣զͰ
ֲ񡣡ʵʵ˵
Ҷ˭Ӱ
̾ѡ񣬵ȻϣֺġӴιˣᡣ

ɩҲû¶Ϳʼʰʱ򻹶˵ˮճ͹ɼġƽʱõˮ¼˵ղ˷ͣǾͲˡ̻Ҫһߺŵ㡣
ˣŵһζ
̸˵ץġյģ㲻㣿
۾⣬㣡
Ҳ󣬿ӳ̵˼Ǹһ˳ԵġҲԶʳҶһԡӸ˼Сĺӡ
ϾǰԵĺöҲ٣ȱһڳԵġʱˣɶöûԹء
̵Ǽ񣬶áԺǳҪǵǹúá
չĿǿ֪úϣ͵˵ˣˣ׹ûҪá
һ˳Եĸˣ̾Ĵ̺͹Ҫɶġ˿
㣬үүպãɶĶÿ
үү۾ˣǿɲǰӣϱúá
°ЦŵɴٸҲӰɣ࣬һ¹񲻹ࡣҲûɶ
°⻰вӶҪˣĿɶʱôˡ
̵Ȼ˵Ķԣ㡣ЩҲûɶáˣٳҲô󡣿ˡ
°ǻͷ˰æۻҪ׼ԵġӹǱ߸
Ӧˣɣ
Ȼȫ˶ôôдˣô¹ӡ
Ҷǿļױ
˼뻹СġǰЩС糤ʱȥˮأȥôųô
رڶԽԽˣоԼҲˡ
ҲԼˡ
̫ˡԲˣ㶼ˡ
ûͽߵʱ򻹺һ
ϧûˣ̧ͷҶȻЦҡҡͷ
ڶ죬ռ߾ͿʼˡռԽԽˣ֪ҪǶæֵġ
Ҷվ￴ԼĴˣ絶
ڷԼ軹ڸϥ۾ͺˣ裬⵽˭谡۸мҲ۸Ұ
°̧ͷһۣڼʱɲҪɫ
ɫܰˣ⻹
°ˣզͲ¶ء
Ҷ裬ˡڶˡ
°ʵҵ裬˼ҲƲϰ
趼һˡ
ԼҹŮһӣ°ҡҡͷŮ϶ģզͲ顣
ǸǶ֪Ҫùϵˣɵ˰ɣôϢԺ϶ҪسǵġЩҾߣҵʱһᣬǾͻµġ
Ҷô㣿
զˣ˸ˡôҲۼٹˣ磬СܡҲЩϣˣۼҶҪûʾͲģǹڿɻûء
Ҷһ͸ˡ
°˵Դźû㿴ˣǸظģ˴ҲͦʵڡۺúúҲ³ԿѧѧҪСĴָôãҲͷˡ
Ķⳤģ°֮ǰȻõôʱ䳤ˣһŮһһΪӣرķ˾ûģҲôŵʵˡ
ıˣǰ˵ãСĴָȲˡ
ȻЩĽʣЩۺ졣ҶЩǡϾ°ͬ־̸̨ܰԼҶ꣬ҲЩµġ
ȻûϢһĺܺãǾ衣
¹ϴ󣬻϶Ҷֽڱǰˣᣬǵ˳°ǰǶǹԹԵġ
°˵Ҳýȥ˵ùŮúôģҶֻôɡ
ƽʱʱ򣬾;ЦӭЦҲЦȻɩÿͶ˲ˮİ첻Ƕ̿ѡ˳ʢ
ҲҶı仯ˣͦ⡣
ϲ֮ͬìˣо˷ʱ䡣û¶¶Ҷ뿪˵еߵġҲôһЩѪԵҪദ׽㣬ȻҲϣҶԺһ㡣ԼŮԣͶŮԸһЩϣߵŮܹúá
극֮ҲţҶ˵л졣
Ҷ㰡֮ǰǲǶ
Ҷأ˵⻰û˵
Źӣ㲻˵Ҳ֪ŮС˼ǲǾü˶ҺãԴ
⻰һҶֱ۾Ҫˣűˣ˵ү̰ˣǶáҳôҸ綼ûץһγԵġԼ͵͵ԡ
Ӷʼˣᣬɶɶÿ޵ģٺãǲҲ׸𣿡
Ҿѹ
һ̯ɵ˰ɣѹҺͶҲں
ҶоԼˡ
԰ѹ˺ԼһˡԱûɶô룬ΪɶǶҺðǵȻΪкôҪ㰡ҲѧǶҺáǾʹ̺ô̸ࡣѹȥʺͰԹûõĸ飬ֻẦ㡣ҪǸˣҾ͹ڳҸëĶҲ֪϶Ҫлҡ޹ȥˣ߻ʵԶģҲ֪һӲͻˣ
Ҷۣɶë
ʹ󰡣ȱ첲ȻŰ
ҶǱĴš
ΪһûɶũС治֪Щ˵ķ뵽˵л
ŵˣͰοֻ࣬ǴȷҲˡô˵㣬ΪһЩСº˽Թʱ㶼֪Լ׽òƽϣ˿ɲᡣؿ㣬Ϊƣôء
Ҷӣɶô
ָͷǮ㻹Ҫɶļ򣬡ǴŮøɵ¶Լĥĥǲ
һߣҶԼ죬Լ⼸͵͵ίԼҲûע⡣ٳ˷û˹ܡ̻Ҫüʡʳˡ
Լӣɶô
һǸNɪӣǿŪ˸ֵĹ𣬾Ϳʼβˡ
裬ҲһΪ˴統ӳ˲ˡ
ǹҲءΪŮͬ־񴦵ļء϶ܱȴ

ʮ³յ˺ǼĹźͶ
ĵĶǼްǰġվдġ
ҲżţֱűŻ˼ڵްҶһһɰֻˡ
رɣô궼ûһ·䲻ľͷһм۾ˡ˵ˣռңֻˡ˶ûһ߲ء
ɶ񰡣ϴǱҲҪϴ˰ɣҸ㶼ϴˡ㿴㻹ɶҪϴģڵҲ࣬ʱءϴøɸɾġ
Ҷ·̵ģɩô˵ɩӣ㲻Ҫϴ¶ͽҰɣұУʱ䡣
ɣСɶʱôڿˡ
Ҷ񰡣ɣϴɾˮϴ
Ⱥ龫ͷСá
ҶʱЦˣ˭׽ءҪһ¶ȶ綼ȴɩ㡣
̶ԶȤдɶûɶġ
ûɶдģҰһ仰Ҳû˵
զ°һĵĶûЩܴ
ռҲ
̾ҿ֪Ϊɶϴҽдź˵ˣҸ硭Ұ֮ǰλĴҪˣҰһ˶ˣܹ˲ˡ
֣Ĳˡôõĺӣզһ߲ء֪ҲϴڲܵҲϴ
ϴҲ̫ˡ
û¶̣Ѿ׼ˣҰһֱȽҸǡСġҲƽϡүۣҺܿġ
̼ӣۡ
ϾŮĸ飬ѾǸ֪ɶĶˡҪǼһҪɶӲҲһТĶ
вģɶ¶Դӱ֮ɴТˡ
ռ˿ͻȻЩͬ顣
ϾôãôгϢռͣ˭ҶϣôŮ/ϴȻۡ
̫ίˡ
ҶҲίԼ֮ǰԴףءѹ֮ǰ˵Щô͸ԭԼڼҲίˡίԼίҲûɶˡһȽϣҶʱɶûˡ
̵û¶Ժү㡣Ҳǡ϶ҵģû˭ҪǶ񲻺ãҾвģ

°Ұ׹Ůۡ
Ҷ׹Ů˿ȣҲ۵ġ
ҪҶ޲ðڹˡ
°ֱӰסŵĶ
ЦŵҪңںõúءôˣûۡ
̵ǣ۲ȱۡҪǶ㲻ãҾͲ
ЦЦ
ԣͲˡ
ôһ⣬վǿͬ־ռ˵ʼתõӡֻת˼֡
ϾĳϢԼռҵĸı䣬ǶվǿŵĽҲûôڴˡ
棬ǵȻƫദյˡ
վǿҲүү̶ѪԵϵĸѡ
ĥţôչȥԺ̼ӣ֪ʵһֱӦҲ̫ˡ
صŲż˿
վдʵࡣ
˶оվǿԴӶҪ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ֮ԾˣΪվǿ˵ˣԺվ¶ˣԼġãվǿʼƽͥ¶ˡʼָԶˡΪΪˣûŦ˹ϵˣƽʱдţվǿ׽һЩ
żʵед񰡣취㾡ܹصǣصġ
վΪվǿˣΪվǿȻĲˣǶ̬ȲˡǰദʱЩŮТĳվǿؼһص٣񶼲ڶҲûǰôˣöΪϱҪŵԭ
ΪϴһžվǿżҵĴ㣬վΪ׹ŮȷʵŤתվǿ뷨վڰϣˣ˵˵ûԺҵöˣͰѸλԻسǡ
ЩżݣЦˡ
֮ǰںǵʱ򣬶ϣ磬ơڵ֪Ҫˡ
һһģء
û˼
ðǸվǿдˡû绰վǿһ£ˡҪǺһ㣬ռǱߵɢˡ
ɢҲûɶôùܡ
ǱˣϱˣìܶأŲ͡
ż֮ĹǮƱ֤ĥܹˡ
ܿͽǸӵԺ󣬰˼ԼĹȥ
ߵשҤʮĽ裬Ѿ׽ˡϾҲֶ࣬Ҳ
Ϣˡ
Щ׳ò׸ټˣôɢ˿ɲУֱשˡ
κЩûˣˣĥˡ֪Ǹ²ˡ
ôˣ¶
ЦŵϴκģԼשҤשطѺúǮ˵Ҫⲻһֱûô𣿡
λȻ򣬡Ŷ˵¶֮ǰһ졣ûɶ
ʵ֮ⷨǺֵ֧ġ
ΪשҤտ˭Ҳ֪ЧզһשҤҪĹ̫ˣô̫Ǯˡ
Ժһô죬ⷨͦãһ粻ҪˣȻ׬٣ǿ׬ˡ
Ȼ̫Ҳû˵ôס
ɲЩֻҪûǾǴĿˡ
ǣҪ۾ͳȴֱשпգשˣֱӽѧУǻܶյ㣬ߵʱҲõء
Цŵ⻹δζѹĺôȥˣǲǵøл㣿
Цͼˣ۶ǹһӣȻ۹ˡ
ˣȥȥɡΰڰ֡ºû˶Ժȥˡ
ҪţŸ¶ˣɴˣҲҪǱߴӳˡǿͬ־˵ɻ̤ʵשҤĺá
ͷˣ˷Լľ򣬡Σѡˣ
εҲ˵ѡݴɡһ֮󣬻ǱߴӵͶƱѡ٣ͬˣʽϸڡɲǱȺڻ
˲ѣﻹ۹ãѡ˿϶ǵȺֵ֧ġ
εҪúøɰٳ⣬ǴӾ˵ȥˡ
֤쵼⡣
ۿ¶˵ˣͻȻˣͬ־ʶ糤
ʶҸӵˣӳأզʶ糤ءզˣ
״ûɶʱֱ˵˶ʣͬ־ʡ˵̫ʵˣֱ̫ʺϵӳ
һȣûΣûɶɡ
 ģǻǺͬ־Ʒʵġ糤ֱӱˣ糤ֱİ嶨ˡ
Ŀڣˡ
ЦҾǺѣû¶
ĵĵͷ
ˣξĥˡΪʲôҪȻ˵ǿΪи¶Ͼ֪иʱиء
Ϊ¶ˡ
ô¡
뿪ΰ칫ң糤
糤´ɱڿϣ·˵һ䣬иˡ
֪һ䣬ϳˡ
ʵ糤ô׼糤ڶˡ
ӳҪú͹ǻ糤ķʽ˵糤糤ǹϵð
رǺ糤ϵ϶ǳá糤Żἱŵİìж̰
ȻҲҪλͬ־ԶԶˡ
λ糤Ҳôġ
שҤõ죬ﻹ˸򵥵ʽ
֮ש߳߾ʽשˡ
ָ˵һҤש飬ζţ칫ש߳ҵɹˡ
ӴԺ󣬺칫Լש߳յשﻹҪá
Ժ㽨ˣ߶Ҫשˣզզ衣
ͷβռʹӵԱǸģΪ¶ռͶӡŤתˣЩԱǶǺʵܸɻġ
һˣ͵ռʹӵĴӳ
˶סˣ֪զӦ˵ɶˣĿźǰ˵
ļ򣬡úøɣһΪĺøɲ
ĿİͰ͵ңһᣬġ
ЦЦɲӦ̤̤ʵʵˣᶯҲûϵϸɹ簲ŵĹˣܱĳЩΥĻɲǿˡ
¶Ȼܼ򵥵ˣͨѶԱѵλļ͵ռȥ
ǻΪשʱϢ͵˴Ӳ칫ˡ
ⵥ֣ӲĸɲǾȻˡ
˵ˣǲԱͶƱǶÿ϶Ʊࡣ
ʱǰܾر
ҪǷڹȥ˭뵽һ죬һӴ򲻳һƨˣܵϴӳ
һǹġ
̫ˡ
մ󱦵֪ͨȥˣ
εͷԺ󰡣۾дӳ
СҵǾ統ӳҲͦõġҲ۸ˡ
ε˵Դ
Ӳ֪֮ͨռͶˡ
Ǵ˴ӳˣ
˼⻹ǹ쵼ĸɲõ쵼صġ
ĳϢ쵼ˡˡ
ҾͦõģǸɻ쵼ʹɶðǰиӳʱɶҲŪãҲڶ˵ɶû䲻ľͰ¶ˣǮȥˡ
һҲǣǸ¶ģֻܱ˵ûƱ˺á
лҪ˵Ǹҳٵӡ


48 
, שͬ־Ǵӹ, Ӳ߻⿪һӵĴӻ, ӳһ¾ְ, ôʶʶεĴӳ
ʶȻʶǹҪߵġԵøʽһЩ
, ͱ°һؼȥˣҪһ·̨
ɶɲҪ˿Լ࣬ŬһǶս, ǹٵġô
ʱԼ·Ҳˡ
ҫ
Ϊӵ˸ɵĻ
°ں, ˵ͲˣɴϴˣֱӸϻһѻҡ

ķ糾͵ˣֽŵ, Ҵ˵ɶأɶû׼
磬˲һ, ͱ
ͷ, Ҳ֪
Ҳŵ㡣ĴӳбĴӳĳ, 㲻ὲʵ°¶ĺãὲڱ˿ʵڡ԰, ̨ɶýͽ׼ɶ
ѧУ
ûҲҪ¶ѧУҪô½½סש߷
۶סϣ
԰ͺѧУһԼȥשȻשǷӡģש鲻⡣ˣש߳۴ӵһשһ߽أۿоģשѧˡ
Ŵͣ۾ڷ⡣
԰Ƕڿѧȫļء
Цŵ԰·ߡǰɣש߳ǻǾҪ衣ש߳ͼ׳һҪֲ̫࣬ܰרŵ˸ʱֱڹǱשûԼש߳Ҳ׵﹫Ǳߡ԰ֻΪ·ùש顣
ͷҪǸשֲֵ߳ˡ
ʳؼġ
ֻҪ֪˵Щ¶ܰɵģҪ˵ѧУϾܶģ׳Ҳǳ¶ӸԺɵġ¶̨ˡ
ķľͳţӳҲôѵģֻҪ¶ͳˡ
ǵ˴Ӱ칫ǰĿյع㳡ʱѾѹѹվˡ
ϴҶϹڼԶˡ˺Ӷˡ
Ҷ¶ӳ
ǵڶθĿˡϴλôȥ罨שҤءһֲһˣǵӳˡ
ȿȡĿ˼Ȼˣ̰Լõǻһ˵ллǵֺ֧Ρ˲˵ĻҲ˵ˡҾ˵˵۴Ҫɵ¶ѧУשϾҪպˣԼգܽʡܶǮ۽һ㡣ų̹ڶ¶Ǽ׳Ч治üӻԺԼܳˡ⻹и¶ҲЩƻסķӶӣְֳڹש߳ˣԺ󰡣Ѷķȫש߷Ҽһ
׳ʱ򣬴Ϳʼ˷ˣļƻʱһĵԲ۾
Ӳͬ־ˡεĴӳĺô󰡡
ʹԱ˵ģܻ
ȻģֻҪ۴Ӷڿ죬۾ʳȥ͹绻ש飬ԼӣǮʡˣ˭һŬȡ
Ǵӳˣӳ˵Ļǻƭ˵ġ
Ҹ˵Ĳˣúúãġ
ӳѡֵ

ڴҵĿУԼϵһְݽ
뵱Сӳ㱻ָɵء
̨ʱ˶Ʈš
ӲĸɲǶ̸
մ󱦻Ǹש߷¶
ۡ
ӹֺʳ۲ͳҲûɶΪԱãҲûˡ
ӵĸɲǶʱ֪զ˵ˣҪǲͬ⣬ԵԼԱˡ
ЦŵһǮΪ۴ҲΪԱǸŹء
ԣûɶ᲻õġҹĺþͳɡ
ӸɲǾ⻰ûëǺǰ̫һˡ
һɣȷʵһиӳʱ򣬴û˵ΪԱɶôôԼıֺ쵼
һΪԱûǮûġ
վԱǵĽǶ˵ǵȻ쵼ð
վڴӸɲǵĽǶȣҲáϾӸɲҲǴһӣӲһ
ǴҽԴϲ߸˵׼ӭδҵ
Ϊ¶˭ӳԼûɶϵģӳֱһˡ
ϲģͺԼ˸ɲһġؼҵ·ϻԺｨӵ¶Щ˶ʼƻԼôˡ
иһûţͶ˼ûμνĴӳᡣǾԼţ۵
ǵǺ֧˼
ŸյһأɶҲûء
иԼôӳҲûܹĴԼӳǵǱָɵģҲûôһֱš
˭Ҳû˵һõġ
СӣŸεһء
;ñ
и͵͵Ϣһݾ͵ӴιСӿӴɶѧУ۾Ͳ˵ˣ˵Ҫש߷ש߷ҪǮء
иϱ裬˵ģô˵
ǿɲҪȻôǲҲֹ׹أ޾̫ˣۼи
иһ𾪣Ҳпӡ˶ԣ˵ǶԱÿÿͶһأҲǲһģ϶Щ˼︻ԣЩġ
ԣ˼ҸǷӻпܣ˼ҡöﲹɡ
֣
и߶һ䡣
ϱҲãô˭ӳáʱǾ֪ء˵ˣӳˣѧУĹ϶ûɶġ۾źôͳˡ
иû˵ɶҲ˴ӳҲֲԼˡ
Ŵܹ˵иɵĺáȺĶӳɵúá
ϴӳ֮󣬶ɶû仯ֻԭԼļǷԱСӳȻѡ˶һѧҵǷԱ
ڴ¶û͡ǼԱڹǱ߸ѧУש
һŪС֮ǰƱСӳҲˣһǸȥˡ
ʮµĵһѩ֮ǰڿʼӹǱשˡ
שߣһһ
ִЩӹשҤԱǿʼѧУ
ػںõģ͵Ÿ㽨ˡ
䣬ҲɻϾҲͶʱ䣬˶Ҫæֵأʱ佨ѧϰ
ȷʵˡ
ͺˣȰʳøղʳأðһٷ˶ŶӸɻ
ɻ㹤ֵġ
ⶼˣǾ͸øɻġ
ˣ磬Ǹøģһٷǽ߸Ǵ죬ЩڿǮɴ󲿷˻Ǿÿడ֮ǰש߳Ǳ߾͹ˣڻҪðѩɻ϶뷨ԴҪߴԼĸԸ̹ҪȻͷӳҲˡ
ֱܲ˵˼Ҹµҵвġ
Щ᲻áóԶʳ
磬Ҿֱ˵˰ɣ˼ҳҴ𣿡

ǹҵģɶ۵ġΪӳ뵽ľԱӡǮɡûǮ취ǮǮɲʡġһӳôɶ
뵽Լ⻹Ǵأʽء
ôɶأ˵ɶɶȥѧУҲܶһںõġ
˿ȣͬȥʹӲǱ˵¶
ʱһЩʳøɻͲ㹤ˡۼҶҲϡ
Ҷȥ֮ǰسء
Ϊã㻹ˡڲȥʳøɻʳʽˣȥûᡣ
Ҷˣ˵϶ѧ
ҶҲû֣⾺زˣδ
Ҷ
֣ڿ㣬ۣ˾ҪǲѡͿˣ¶ˡ
ҶԥǣҸ綼ǴӳˡӳҵļЩŴ
һۣҪǿϵȥģҲ㿿ԼȥģզӰ㡣
⻹ûأͱȥˣ
񽾰ͦţǣͱǹ쵼Ͽɵġ
û˵꣬ͿЦЦһˣǶƭ˵Ĺ˵Լˡ
ҶԼȥʳϴɶģ˫̲סЩ
ɼûͬ⣬ʵ㿴ܲȥҲܰ׸ɻҸɻ
ɩӣɶ˵õģҶżˡоԵⶫ⾫׸ɻҲһġ
϶кô
°ɰĻɵģС
ɵͷû˵
ЦŵɩҲҶֵϾҶ㲻⡣ȻҶ⣬ǿ϶ǰջǰ֮ǰ˵õšȥӲǱ˵ʳõ¶Ҫǲͬ⣬ֱԱ˵ԱͬˣЩɲҲֻͬˡţۻɲЩģֻҪ֧㣬С
˿̧ͷͦصĳˡ
ҶҲϽȥԼף׼ʱȥɻʱ򴩡
ת˳
Ҳ˹ȥɩӣոĺܶԡ
ɲ˼ҾҶӲ֪ģҪǲģͷ¶鷳
ɩãȻ٣Ǹʵˡ
ЦŵɩӣĹżҸԺʽ˴ӳˣҲǶӳϱˡȥػҲʣⰲŵġ
ô˵һɡȻû˵ɶ˭һֱء
ΪŮˣ˭ɵء
ЦҲżɶܸɣҲ

ڴһ¶ȻӸɲˡ
ڴӸɲǶڲֿĶڹҵġ
ɲ̣ˡ
ŴԱǱģָȥɶ
ɲǷϻĻŲɡɲǾҪ֧֡
Ӹɲզֹͷء
ͺһͷţһǲͬ⣬ǾͿᣬԱǵϾɻǡ
Ӳɲǣ
´ӳզ͸¿һء
Ȱ۴ʳƽʱȼõģһҪʳ۽ȥզ죿
զ죬ϰճˣ³ȥǸԵģܲǸɲԵģûɶ˵ģͱʳãûɶûá

Ǹ
Ȼ¶ҪʵϴӳҲġҲÿиһˣĶ˶ϰˡ
Ծ㷴ԣ̬Ҳûôǿҡʳ¶ôˡ
ʳö⽨ˣǰԴǻӾдʳáֻ˶ѣǺżæµʱҲưǶȫģֻҪϴϴˡ
ҲûˣռȫҶֳΪ֧Ĺ޷˳ɻ̬ȡ
ȫҪ֣ҪôʳǱ޲ϴˡ
ҶСǵҸǴӳˣҲ˭ΪӳҵӣҾҪرΪɻ۲ܰ׵ɲǲǣ
ǱҶⷬ˵Ŀɿڴ
Ҷǰɶ˭֪ƽϣԲԿҪôƽϻޣҲһֱ˵󰡡
˼ڿǲһˣΪˡ
⵱ɲˡ
ֶɺˡ
¹զʳʱˡ
֮ǰһֱðŷѩɻԱһԺڴʳóһȺѵģʱֻˡ
֮ǰ䣬ࡣҲˡɻĶǼ׳ǶܳԺü뷹ˡ
Ȼ˵ʳ֮ǰˣ˭Ҳʡų԰
ܳƤԱ˵ģǵȻĲˡ
˵˾䳡滰ǸɻҲǵġ
ٺĻҲȲʵʵڵĸ
ɻĺǶЦüۣӳĿʵڡ
ǵɲ

Щֿ˻¶еǹҵǮԷԱǣúģ쵼
԰ԴԱǴ󷽵㣬ǿ̫ȷ¶ˡ
ԺһҪŬԱǵøôҲǳԼɶ᲻õġ
ʳõһٷԵȻġɻ
ʱܲڶܳ꣬ʣһЩⲻͺӲĸɲҲˡ
ΪѧУ¶ҲˣҲԣһԡ
Ӹɲǣ
һٷ¹ԱǴӸɲʱʳðͦõģоմŹ⡣
ΨһûմľǴӳˣһ˶ˡѧУҪþأһʶҪΪˡ
¹Ϊô󷽣ԿĻļˡ
ôġռ˶û˵ɶ˾͸û˵ɶˡ
ʱʳþôˡ
ɴóɻ֪ǽʳŵʱʳߣʱ߳Էˡ
ǶΪ˿Ľʦ˸ϰΣԼҲ鷳
ڵĳҲûʱҲҪѧУʳһԷġ
˵⳧﹤˼ʱʳǱ߳Էʱʳþģˣúʽ
һģ˼ҵŮͬ־Ҳæٵģͻؼˣ˭ҲһֱסϾԼɲǸɲΪҸŮͬ־ӣԶʾʾȻÿ춼Ҷɲ١Ҳϴˣÿ͸޶ĿĹ򷹡
ֻΪͷβᶨռˣԴѧУʼҲֻǵôʳռ˸ˡ
ʮ½һ£ˡ
񷭿1976̾˿Щڴ
˵ķܶѧУĽѧ¥߶ÿ춼ǡȣȵ·ݵʱ򣬲ܷⶥˡ
ⶥ֮󣬾Ҫʼʦ
ȻҪĻⰡ
ûѧѧУҲά֡
˵ˬ죬˵׳ʦǶ˵˼ģֻΪ˽ѧУ˳һѡ
ҪǶһҼ׳ǵ군
Թ⿿ռ͵ѧǲеġǵһ£ӵѧҲѧռʹӿжء
¶ɺͼ׳һˣ׳ÿӶҪõģÿһö¶ںܶӵ˵ȻôҪˡ
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⿿ռߣǾûɶˡ
ռʹӵѧУԹǱûɶϵҪùǱ߰æɲס
ڰ칫ĥ˰죬û÷ӣͻȻͿֱϵġ
Ϊһϸ֪࣬ǷǳбҪġ
ϽȻҵһ仰ˣǵĽ룬Ӧʹܽڵ涼õչΪĻͶߡ
԰Ļ
Ļ
˵ˣΰϯͬ־զڽû˵䷽ء
ϸķһ¼ҵһЩͽйص䣬Ȼϸĵĳ¼
¼֮óݸֽʼˡ
Ϊ־ҪΪһϸĴ٣֮ǰֹѧϰ˹ٳڲһЩĻѧ֯·µ壬Լдһƪĸ쵼Ͽĳɼ
ϸ˸壬־ȡ˸ֱ׵֡칫ռʹӲиС
Ϳʼվһ֪ݣ򵥵Ŀһռʹӵţ˵֮Լ˼ϵԼɳ˼¼ȻصᵽռʹӶڽһҵӣȻ˵Լʹ쵼죬̸ũͬ־ǶںӵĻӣӸɲǸⶼΪ֯ϵĳ̵Ľ֯ʱ̽ϯͬ־ָʾǵĽ롭ΪĻͶߡ
ż񷢳пĻѧͶҲͶѧĻཻڣ̵ͬᵽ֯϶ڳ֪ʶӺũͶߵ࣬Ҳеĸܵ˻ĸɲǶһ᳹ʵʩļᶨţǹϣ칫磬һкܶܶ࡭
д֮ϸϸʣȻֽܳ档֮ŷ档
ַһԼСϸѰҺͱйصϢ
Ÿɴˡ
¿дģҪҪٺǷˣǲҲվǿͷȥ
զְ׼أզأ˭ǹ˰
ɴཫСر
ϸеź죬ȥ£˳óܿճǮóе㣬¶һˡ
Ϊ˸ש飬Ѿˡ
ؼ⿪˾һ͵۶ûá
쿪ȥֱί˳ö˵⵱˾Ҳɣǲǣ㿴⼸춼ˡ
զˣżأҪٰŸ˸Ӱࣿȥũ
ˡɲұԹˡ
񿪵æξôæԺ˭Ҳ޷ҡֵĵλˡ˭Ժ֪㲻Ǳ쵼ϵˣҲû˵ɶˡ
Ӧû֪ɡ
˭˵׼أ̧ͷͷġһ¶أ

ĸˣңҲҳôء
ЦŵͶˣúøɣԽɵĶ࣬۾͵Խ㡣
ȥվǿ˵绰ˡ
˵þûִ绰ˡ
վǿǱߺܿ˵绰˵ŵɳơ
ĵ㲻զûչ˺أ㿴㣬һߣͲչԼˡǵҵġ
⻰˵ϹǰڼҲûզչ˹
ɺû̹ر˲ʱ
վǿ˼ʵû¶ôһֱдأ軹߶ء
ҵдǡ֪дɶоͦΪѵġ
ôΪˣ
֣ҲΪѣҲ˵ˣķΥĵдһЩŻȥҲӰġ
˵ģɣ͸վǿܴռˣΪɶӻΪѣÿ϶Ǳ˵ɶܻй¶ǲǶʾĲ
վǿ˼ʱ֣绰ѹ۾˵ˡ˵֮һֱ۴Ժ˶ΪΪ˲ʳ¶ԶνϾǱأ㱻ᡣһֱ취֤Լ㳤صдһƪڲӵ£߼ı粻㣬֣ҼĻȥʵĻҼĳȥû׼أҪǿˣǳˣҾͶ֪Ըˡ
վǿ˵
ȻһãĻɡ
վǿ⻰һ䡣վǿͬ־ôʡôأдҲǵĿԻǺܸߵġ
ǴУֽ洫
ֻҪںϱˣ˵ˣﶼһ¡
˵绰ȥˣӼˡ
ʵдɶ
ĸҰֵġ
һдģʱЩӡ
򣬴ûûεһŲۼдӻء
ǰû󲮾Ǻĵġ
񰡣û¶Ժ㣬áԺɩҲġ
һۣϱûУָˡ
񣺡զզˣƲǰɡţԺҸϱ
ȥ·ϣʱ䡣
żҪ쵽վǿȻͶ壬վǿǱߵİæܿϱֽϱ֮󣬻ҪһһĴ
ҲżѧУڽء
ɵĿڳϣվǿ߲ɣ˺սռ͵֪һдƪӣȫͶ塣ͲһƪϲˡʵڲлСء
ģóȥˡ
˵˸ſڣֱ㶵ѧУȥˡ
ҲƽһԺΧһŵƽѧ¥һ֪˲ࡣ
ܿ죬Ͱˡ
ˣ˵˹㣬
԰ⲻ𣬿ϳ
ŶϽˡ
ͷ˳ӡ
񿪳ҲῪôá
ЦԼĹ֤ӶͳӸ
ӹһʱԲ۾Ƕ֣
°ͣNɪûۿˡ
иզѡģ
ǶĴӳɲиˡ
ӳˣ⼸һֱûżٶѧУѧѹ֪⼸´ˣи嵱ĺúõģզ⣿˭Ӱడ
ȥ֪ˡ
Ȼصռ͵ģ·ӲԼĴģŽѧУԱܹʾӳ˵ˡ
ңҴ磿ӳ
԰ڴѾӳڽѧУء

֪˵ɶˣǻؼңȥʳÿҶǡ
ռŮͬ־æĽŲմصģѹ˲Ҷǰڰ֣˵ţߣΪ񡣡۱ֵĻᡣ
ǾԼһģż°զҪϲ
صûӦӣ㣬ۼզ
ɶֵģ˵ˣҶҪԽԽõġۻ˵㻰
ҡͷ
˵㶼ˡ
˵ԺҪѧ
Ц㣬һúģұ֤һᵱѧУĵһġ
ȫУһɶզҲҪȫصһɡ
һ⣬Щ£Ȼת뵽㣬һѽȫصһɡ
񣺡ⶼǽԴȱʧĺһ㾺ûС

ĵǵż͵վǿ
һ¡Ůʵڣһ˵ĻûУ˵¾ͻֻʣһƪ 
ĥŵ绰ﲻ˵Ҳд⵽Ϊʲôǳʲô¶úŶдˡ
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ǰһŮɼզȥ£ĳɳ٣дҲܲ
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ҲչʾΪ֪ʶľ
Ҫǿˣʱ˭˵վǿĹŮ˼У˭˵ӣ
뿯ǡ
վǿںǶ꣬һЩ˵ġ
һƪ˼븴£ǺܷġλöҪ̫õģһСˡ
ΪˣԭҪŸһӵĸӣҲֱǰˡ͸˰档
ȡڴǾӭ֮ʣһƪ֪ͬ־Ӽš
лҪ˵
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Ϊ֪ȴࡣƪȻڵİܲͻ, Ǳȴˡ
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֮һ뷨, ֪໹ȥũ彨ˣҪȻҲдôˡ
Ȼ, ڻʡ˵զǲġȫǱǸ֪ġ
ǻϵ֪డ
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ٿݣϽʵʵڵĿǻʡɲǡ
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ĵ绰Ҳߡ
֪Լϱֽ֮, ЩˡٿǱֽ, զдĲԼ¶ء
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ϴͳѧУԴ, ǱСѧûء
ⶼ˱ֽˣ˵ʡǱ߶ˡ
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سǱʵĺֱ, СΰǱ߸˺ܶѧУ
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ǳĬƬ̣Ȼͷԣ˵Ķģǹ֧ռǱ߽СѧͳУ
Ϊһֻ֣һ˲䣬֪ԼάԼˡ
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ˣһ˼֪ͬ־ӰҲá
Ҳһ˲Ĺ򣬺ǿǵĿȫˡ
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ǵǣҲôҪɲġ
˵绰֮󣬺ǸϽ豭˿ڲ裬ԼĽ˵
ȻϽ߳칫ңⰡһˡ
ۺϰ칫ǵĺϽˣǣզˣ
Ǹռͬ־㻹ǵ𣿡
ǵãȻǵáЦŵǿ˼׳שҲǣߵġ
ǵͬ־˼ߣҲⲻȻдһƪǹӵ£ϱֽˡ˵ܶ˶ˣʡ֪绰ˣ쵼մ绰ˡ
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ôͣдĺܺãдɶ
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˵ˣԼҲͦ˵ġ
Ǻ칫⻹ǵһϱֽ˿ɡ
ͬ־ȷʵ֮ܲǰҲһһΪ˹ķչǸϽܻͬ־ҪȻҲһ͸׳ש߳ˡ
ǴֵͷУȷʵǺͬ־ԺҪǸɳĳɼˣҿҲص۲һ£һس
εͷͬ־ȷʵûسǡ¶أǣҪ
ǿһ£ȻͬҲУϴשҤ¶Ҳĸ㽨裬ȷʵϵԱҪͨѶԱȥ֪ͨһд뵳顣Ὺʱһ¶ˡû⡣
ʵҪ᣿
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ξúеʱѱֽŪˣǹҲˡǾãоֵֹġ

񻹲֪ԼҪ뵳ˣڻ¯Ͽ˳ӣԼƪµûеǱֽǱ߸һ㣬ӦѾˣǲ֪ʲôʱᴫ̫Զ߿ǲǻָһݹȥǱ߿
ӣɶأߣһȥɱȥ˵ߺ
´ɱӺȲ裬ȥҪڼѧϰ˶ѧҿɲˡ
С껹мʱѩԽĴˣûԱǸü׼Ҳˣ׳ǱҲɴ˼١ڼ︴ϰαԼҲڼΧŻ¯顣һѧֹѧ֪ʶҲҪĿӵˡ
ָָֺǣӻѧĴָ
һģռҾͿʼģææšԭռʹҲʼɱˡ
ЩǴֳģ࣬Ҳʮͷ˹֮ʣµľҪɱˡ
⻹ӳ֮󣬵һη⡣
ռ̵ţμմˡ˴ӳզҲֵܶɡиӳʱÿηⶼִ⡣ܵһء
̶ߺż׼ưˣͷҪһȥѪܹѪˡ
ָţۼǴϡ
ȵˮǺˣ͵Ŀ˺ü
̴չӴզǣզˮô
ĵ̣ۿɲԼˮǺŵģǱŵġ
˲°̣ͣҿǸɶѪͲҪôˡôأôۼˣ˼զ찡
̵иǰôɵġ
иˡ

°Ҳòסˣʵ񰡣ǲȥŪѪ
ǲŪ۲̰ġ۲ɶôռ˼ҿŻۺ졣Ϊô㶫Ӷˣֵܲ
̻ЩģоԼӵ˴ӳ֮ԼҿԽˡ
ҪǰҲܸء
̣Ǵӳ̣˺óԵģͷ˹ʣҸȥĹӪȥۿɲںɶѪûЦǼң˵ۼҶӳˣûԹöһġ
˵Ҳǡ̧̽°ͣԼݲһˣˡ
°Ҳ裬Щ̾ۼɶʱܹ⳨˳԰
ͳˡмƻˡֻʱ̫ǻڶҲûȨ
綼ӳˣЩ¶Ϳˡ
û˴ӳ˴ͷѪɲҲûͷڰͷǰ£ҸֵĶһЩˡ
ԱǾý겻һˡ⻻˸ӳǺ¶
Ҹϲϲģǰ˸һ
иϱѪЩԱ͵͵۵ĻӲˡ
ϱοһѪɶ˲ġΪô㶫˵Щ
иû˵
ȻûȥѪ⣬ǴӳķݶֵģҲĶҪһЩ
ر񿪳ҲǰߣҲ˺Щ
ռҽ굹Ҳˡ
û֮̾ͰŶϱϱϽԡ
°̵ߺЩԼⶼһ͵ˣ֪ܲզóԣ̫̫еûš裬ⶼ㲻ðš
̵Ҫǲţ˭ҡ
̫̫ԽԽˡ°ڶúܡţôԼҶԽԽϢˣ̡̾զҲҪϡҪǳܣõʽɾûˡ
һһֵΧӳϡһƬӶԵĺ춯
ȻЩϰֳ࣬Ҳ⡣˵׻ӹĲãöԵˡ
붫֮󣬾ͺ˵¶
磬ҿ¶ñ䡣
զ䰡Ӳ죬ʵ
ڿˣ˵ɶǶԵġ
۶ﵥ˶١ûרҵļ̫ˣһͺܴʧ
˵̫ˣ֪ǰҲ˺Щ˸ȫˣ㲻֪һǶѹ
үү̶һ¶
̻̾Ǵ⵹ǳ˲١ϧûɡ
ⶼˡͻȻûθˡӼᶨҪռ͵˵ˮƽġ
磬⻷ʺϰһ
ԼҲѧһЩⷽ治ΪҪļ̫ˣռһʱỹûʱ֧ռ߸ռҲĲ
ʵզ
ԱԼʵöطѾˣԱԼװңҸԱﰴձƱѾ
˵и˵ʣ˵ӰͶɻ˵Ҹʳԣ϶ˡǺǰȽϺãܸﰲŹҲˡ
иһ䡣
иҪǰ˵ĹȥȷʵȱʳˣԼóҰˣ⼸ԽԽˣզûű䶯һ£ΪӳĶԱǷߵģܹܲÿҪԼģȫˣԱǷƱȥ⣬ÿءΪһ֮˽ӵ¶
Ϲ˵զܵͶأүڼŵģһͷ
̵Ҳ
ͷÿιԵģɨһȦͳˡ
Щĵ˵ѣԵĶ࣬ҪȻʡҪǿˡ
һһЩͷ˽̡̽ûɶġܱá۶ÿÿڼµҲʣڼﻹܰһͷúãһҲһٶء
⻰ʱϲⶼҪëǮһˣҪһ׬ʮɡ
ֹ̣أһҿ϶ͷɡɱɶģҲһٶء
һľˣյиզЩ¶˵ء˵á
ȻиҲռȥ˵иĲãԵ侮ʯˡͽ͵̣ȻãҲһյġһûզ죿иҲôǵġ
ĵǣǵòð
죬磬ֵضҪ¸ɺأۻ֣ɶзյģͿҲҪǳˣҼһˣ۶Ҳøˡû׼һ꣬ⷿӶש߷ˡʱ˭Ҫӳĺá
һԼͷٺٺ٣ҲƽЩȻһ 񰡣ɶȳ극۾ͺʹӿɣҲҪץӵʱˣһŴǮأҪԱԼ۴ӾͲˡһҪӶ࣬Ҳ֪Աֲ򣬡
ⲻǿ󣬵һֻҪԼˣǮڶ궼ҪҶҪѧġֻҪѼˡ
˵öԡͷ
ЦҪģǮ
ǸǮģСԺϰɲǳзˡǿһҪ׬һٶǮġ
극ȥˡ
Ҳһ𣬱ϾԺǿ϶ҪģӣǼ׳Ŀ࣬ʱܰԱտ
ĴӸɲ棬˵ԽзˡҲԽԽ㡣
Ͼ˵¶ܹõԱǵ֧֡
ȺڻɲҲܷ
¶Щԥ
Ҳ֮ǰиӳʱɵķйء
и÷ĻᣬԼҶ⣬ӳôˣɲȻѧǾûи֣ǺôҲմˡһֳȡԱԼԺûˡ
Ϳˣְиһ䣬ǰ˸ˡ
ַԣҾǶ¶룬ֳÿֶܷⰡһҷּ͹꣬һӳˣҲþҪԼͲһˣҷƱզҲʮʮģһ³һ⣬һ궼ԲꡣܶٶٳʵġðҪǣ۳Ե˭Ҳ˵۶ˡ
Ӹɲǣ
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⻪һ뵽룬Ǹ档
֮ǰôеʱ׷ģֲ֪źãҲǰաҲǱȥ˵ԼҪ
ǲ֪뷨ǽ⻪ּ¼ˣͷһ£ҪǺʣ͸Ƿżٻȥѧϰ
⻪죬ǣбˣ
ǵȻĶҲ˱ءԵʱҪǰǻȥѧ͵úúѧѧ˰Ļ

Ķˡ
ɢ֮󣬸͵͵ҼǵҲⷽĹϵ
ü
ڵǺûզӴ
ܾܵʱˣҪȻ϶Ҳڳǰеʿ
ֲɶôûԼǰˡҲ
Լˡڰ֡
ͷǼǵ̸ֳרĸģԺᣬ˵öԣ˺ܷб֪Ҹɶġ
üͷٴһ£ֻ۾ˣĸ
ţǰûע⣬ϻ˽ﺰӡ
ϸһԭļ䣬ôӡ
ǻԭܷСƺиԭ˵ĺֶܺá
ԭܲƽ⡣
ԭˡ࣬ôҲǵĸͬѧܰͰǲǣ۲ͬѧ;ҪΪһõ˲š
ո˭˵ˣ
ص칫ңʹȦ
ðǺð
֮ǰţôǷءٶʲôոźĸͻȻ뵽ˡ
ɶҪֱأȫԼĸѾϵĸ
ȻԼҲѧһĿѧ֪ʶ֪ĸôźģҲҪġ
ںˣСȥѧ㼼û׼õˡ
ҪܰŴֳĸǾ͸á 
öԱӵǮͷĸȻ֮ͼԱǣԱҲԸȵȡ
Ժ󣬹ͿԼĸӡ
һ⡣
ŵĴ˴֡
ȻãҲзաһҪġ
¶ں棬Ȱҽ˲ѡ˵ϾҪѧþء
ϽȥӲ˵ԼĴ㣬ҪЩ֪ѡҽ
ҪŰ
磬ҪѧС
ͷڶİŻ˵ˡ
Уȥš
߰űȽʽ
Ͽӡæ˵ȥдӣȻгȥЩ֪
ӵ֪Ƕ֪ռʹҪƸʦ¶ˣĦȭƵ׼š
ѡе֪ȥռһ˵֪ͨΪǺ͵ʦйصģľͰԼռˡ
һͱ칫ˡ
⼸˻ǵ֪Ҳ֪࣬ôãЩӡ
дǣǶ֪࣬ͬ־
հǵˮġ
Цŵʵǹ¶˵
֪඼
ǶˣǶ֪඼Ĳʵ϶ϣе֪ͬ־ܹúõġҪȻҲͶ飬֪ͬ־ҲƸˡ
ӵļ֪Цŵͷ
Ҳܸм
Ƹԣ̫Сˡ԰һֱ뿪Դ¶ȡలżλⲻ쿴˿ǵϢ֮ҾͺǶӳȡָ˸λ֪ûȤأ
а֪࣬Ƕתڡ
ʱû˭
ЦˣãҾ˵˵ǶӸλľ˽֮󣬿Լܲ
лҪ˵ôôգд֣ʱˡ


51 
˵ĸλҲֱܼ, ǻȥѧ, ѧ֮ҽ
֪ࣺ
, ҸΪְλͦõ, ˵ʵԱ˵, ʦλпޣõҲסҽͲһˣĿɶָҽءǿ϶ŵġƸʦһϰˣǿҲֻ¼ȡʮѡ, Ҳ֪϶ǲ¼ȡġȡһҽλ
֪, һŮ֪ࡣҽô𣿡
ЦҽҲǴ򰡡˿Ĵ࣬Ĳϡء˵, ƽʱҽءҪǣҽǰԱǹϺӵҪԱڽũ, Ǹɼ۹粻˵, ɼлس
ɶȲϻسҪ֪඼ԥ, ͷͬˡ
һ߸ݵ֪ȷʵҪΪũһ
޵ҹȻû, ǵ˼ǳߡֻҪͬ⣬ҾǶӳȥȥ٣ѧһµʱ䡣һһٲμӿԡ
һµļ٣Ů֪ྪϲʵ
ͷȻҪѧϰʱѧ֮ÿԣһ£ɲǸȥġˣԼҵѧϰĵض𣿡
һݰ֪úͼӦûɡ
ЦУҶǻǺεġܳԿģ档ҪǾˣȥǴӲǱǶӳ˵˵ģ١ҲǶ֪֪ϢһѾˡ
֪Ѿˣ⼸һһҲҵӲǱȥˡ
֮մչ㣬˵ҽô𣿡
զˣ뵱
յ˵ͦá
ҡҡͷ㻹Ǳˡ̫ίˡ
Ц㣬˵ãǿ϶áҲί
ί
ˡ
˿Ȳ裬ʵϵûûˣ
ˣڿɺһϵûСҿˣǺˣ˸ɻ⡣ǵµذɻװûһʱЦˡ
Ѿˡ
ȷе˵ӦǾˡֿˡ
յɶ
ǰ죬Ұһѡ
գ
ߵİţϵİǼ֪Щ˼٣ǻȥѧϰҽ֪ʶռߵ֪⻪һϢҲɿʰسȥѧϰˡ
ĥŵ⼸˻ôҲӦһֵСëˡ
ʱ򣬶ӵǮҲ½Ľˡ
մ󱦿һǮĶ˺ö¡
⻹ǵһôǮء
Ǯ⼸죬ɴ˯ڴӰ칫ģЩǮ⡣
ǮˣҪȥˡ
ǿҹġȻȥֳáһûѡȨɶɶȥѡʵӡ
ӵҲЩɶһǮһλɶʱȥˡ
ҲЩϽ
ɶ¶Ͳˡ
ǸˣĴӦҲʼ˰ɡ
ͷǰĴǰ궼ʼԼˣˡ
ڶиˡ
⼸ȥţкʵľͶһۿ۲żȫ򡣡
ءɶȫ
һбĴ㣬Ҳһ¶ҲҪ취ƳɱĥҹϵŪĸԺСУרŹǶġҪܹ࣬ĶⲻҲһ𣿡
˵ĸЩֳĸǶԼˡ
Ц˵Ҫ취
ԥһ£Ҳûɶ취ˡǳɣȥ
ˣְϽ˹
ϵҲǺһģһֱ뱧ȵģϴγй֪ˡΪ֪Ա֮ÿ츺㱨֪දˡ
Ҳǽ¶ˡ
һңķͷˣ㱨Ľ
֣Ҳ󣬲ôˡ˭˳һġر⻪֮Ƣ͸ˡʱ̾ģһˡ
ĵ⣬ûҸ
ڶ죬ŶĸɲȥǱˡ
˶˵ĲˣڴǮԱǶԼҿʼȦˡ͵ӻˡ
Ƕûţǰӳȥˡ
ռʹææµµģ֪ǶĲɵµظɻʱ򣬻ſʦ¶ĵʱ򿼲
Ͼô֪һ˭֪ûбȽ֪࣬ʱԼҪǻˣǿɺǶ˶ˡһ¹֮󣬾ͣı鱾ϰΡʱ䶼ûˣŸͷǿ顣
⻪ðҪܵҽɱȵʦɡ֪п
ϵ˭˵أǳﻹ̹˵ڹ綼ҽֻԱҪѧҽû׼ȥء
Ǽ˺ãбϣ⵱ʦǣʲôʱŪ˶ûض˵ġ
̾ȻӿʼͷˣɻǵŬ
Щ鱾ȥˡ
ڶ죬¹ʱͳŹʳǱ߻ơ
ʳҶڸЩѧУ˴򷹡
ΪʳѸɻˣǱȽģɤűȽϴ´źöӡһ»һôŷͰ衣ѵѵ
ӣɫˡ
զ⣿
Ʒʵ
ҡͷˡ
һۣٿɻҶʱɫùŹ
⻹Ѱ˼ܹͨˣأڿżƣҪеװ
ⲻǿҶ˰ɡ
ʵˡ
ʳã򷹡
Ҷ˲ˣȻûɶˣʹչոտˡ
˿ڷʵɶ
ҶЦһ£װˡ֪͵ңѰ˼ǿˡ
ȿȿȡĵ˼ҿϵĲ㣬ϵ硣
ҶҳŻɣͦᡣӦСɡŮש
㲻׼޳ȥˣ
Ȼ밡֮ǰѰ˼ô󲮸ҽܣڿ󲮶ӣҲָˡҸǴӳԺ֮󣬾سǣҾ͸һȥҼһسǵģܶҲãҴɡ
ҶЩȻС˵ˣҳĻɣ֪࿴һЩ
Ķͷûɵզͦġ
ҶԼԴզˣĲɣֲͣʮˣϹˡ
ʮϹԼ֮ǰʮˡ
Ҷ㣬иΪɶλǲǸɶи嶼㲻£
Ҷʱҭסˡ
񽫷иϣЦŵ˵ˣ˼һس֮۴ӿɹܲˣس֮ɣˣһ԰뷨£ĵİѹŪãԼ˱ˣԵںء۸˹磬ôҲҸسҵĶӣǲǣ
Ҷ죬Լر󡣻سҵĶӡ糤ûء
¹զҶٻЩϧģҿͦĵģ̫ϧˡ
ӣ浣һ񣬻ͷһһǣʱˡҾ㲻ҶҲпǱˡ
ɲ¶
ɴ칫Ǳȥ
ȥ칫ߡ
Ҳ˵ı䣬ƤֲˣҲû֮ǰˡȻȸ߸⿴ŻУҲѹҶ㱻мƸˡ
飬ҿ
Цͬ־ôҲǸͬѧءǻһģˣô
Щ
ôˣɶѲ
ҡͷУҲܺ˵ôʱ䣬磬㿴ˣźô֪ڿʱ򶼳ɶˣһġˡ
̾㲻˵Ҳ֪࣬ũӿࡣ
һֱġ
¹˼಻࣬ҲǸʮĴкѡ
˿ͷǽķ
ǰеʱ㰡ȥǾͺһ۰ôͬѧˣҾ͸ӵǰͬѧ֮顣ⲻˡ
ˣЩݡ̧ͷ͵͵񣬲֪˵ĻĻǼٵġ
Ц֪ܲҡ˽û顣Ҳˡֱ˵˰ɣѧУʦѹͦģҳһ±ĵӡܶ˱Ȼ⼸¶ڸϰĴҲ֪ôڼѧϰԣǾƲ󡣡
⻰һӾżˡ㲻˵𣿡
԰ȷʵƣЩû׼֪ġЩ֪ԼԾЩѧϰǿ϶ȲϰЩ¶Ҳǲɿصġ
żˡЩģֱ˵ͶԼûˡ
ȭͷţҪȥ׷Ǹӳá
㲻ܻسǣô˴ӳϵԼĹ̫ࡣ
ôһģϸնˣܲܰˡ¾߶סѹʱ߳ɼˣ׵Ķ˻سǵ·
̧ͷ
ܴ˫۾ˡĵҲǸСӣȻ;ǻġǵҸҸû˾ֻҪܸҾͶ㣬զ֤ҽ̹
ʱڴɫ
ʲô
Цóһ֧ʣȻóһֽ˸ͷһͷĸ֮ǾͿкܶܶСӡ㣬ӳĸˡڣûĸҲ֪ôĸãҼǵãģǲǣ
⻰վˣɫЩ˭˵ģû£
ͰˣզզˣſءôɶҲϣۿǸͬѧõĸøΡ

һ˵̫ףûӡҷˣ˵ͨΪҲ֪ɶ⣬ȥҶɶ֮ǰգѧǻŮͬѧ
һʱɫģͺԼ˿ɾһ
վ߽˼ͬѧҸ㣬ûϵ¶ǳ£㻹¼иˣ˼ǲȷġȻģڱǰվţأҪǳԺ̧ͷ
˵۾ˣ ҲŲǳ
׼Ӳԡɶ񣡡

ӣҸ㣬ⷹôóԵģռһȢϱʵʵ˸ʹ׼ɡ
ᣬҲûôࡣ˵ɫһЩ
˿ĳǿͬѧϣԼ߳һش;ҪȻɶҲӶУɶ¶ⶼΪ˭㲻ˣԺͼڴֵظɻҸĹˣ׼ŵŮɣ㣬ˣһӶزȥ㻹ᣬûʮأԺʮľ

һĬ֮棬
񣺡ɶɶ⻹û˵ɶء
һкɶ
ӻʱ׼ί̫ˣûĶ
ɶǽġھڰ⡣ֻҪŬԺسҲûܵġϾҲ֪ڹǱ죬Ǳ쵼ϵҲáֻҪɵúãһƼ᲻ʹǰɣܱԼֹС˼ǿңô˽ˣҲƭˣ˵ǲǣɶʱƭˣôҶûƭչ
һȥҰ֡űʵ
˿׾ͺáᣬһ¾զܶ
ͷ۾ͷ
Ľȷʵĸģ˼һСɲרŸһġ
˵ʱϻر𲻺˼
ӣָզܰæ
аɡ
ǶУɹϵڶܹĶãسǼж󡣡
ͷͦõġ
ܰŪӵĸ𣿡ôģĸ֪ɶʱܸϡѾϵģǾûˡ
ⲻǲԲġ
ҡҡͷҲƽʱٹļ¶
һۣ˵˵ˣ㵫ƽʱϸĵ㣬ҲˡΪһбͬ־۹·˷ǻϰߡ

Ҳʱˣڶ֮ǰҲһˣڶҲ˵һˣܶ¶ҲˣҪ֮ǰ˼ɣԸɴ׾뼸Իغȥ¶һ졣
߻غǣһһҹҲ͵ˡ
˺ǾܸǱߴ绰Ҳ֪Ϣˡ
뿪칫ҵʱͬ־ΨһĻúøɣԼسǡ
ͷ뿪칫ҡ

ҲӹǱ߻ˡ
ȥֳһȦͱӶˡ˼Ƕ˺öģЩֳϤˣĸûּѾŶˡ
ǴǱȽˡȥӣ϶ûкõѡġ
Ҫôˣ϶ǳԿġϾЩǲеĻʡ
񰡣զ찡ԱǺòײģҪûã۲ý
ͲµЩġ
¶һͺ׷ϣ辶
ռҲģǻءǻҪĹܵӰ졣
ûɶʵڲȥõġܽͣԸҲûɶ
ǶԱ᲻
Ǿͺ˵Ҳ㡣
ͷŶӦи塣
иϱȦиͻȻ˸硣
лҪ˵ȸ£ٲһ¡ȡд㡣


52 
ɲΪиڹ, ڶöдͨ, Աǽһ
ɲǴӲ߲, Ǳ, ŶӶˣ˼Ҷǰһ궨ϵ, ⿪Ҳϲϰ
ӵĸɲҲеΣͼӴ׵дˡѴӲǰζӳָģѹȫ˦иǰζӳˡ
ԱæŴҲǺæ¹磬ܴӵ¶, Ϳͨ, ʱͲˡ
Сջأ⻹õء
һ룬Ķǰһ궨, һǰӳĻиء
ȫǱиġҪ£ռҲڱ˦ˡ
ѹЩԽԽأǱ˵ˡ
Աﶼ, Ҳи, ־
·иʱ, 
˵˵զ͸أ
Щ˰ռéӲʺ, ׶ˣզû׷أ
զѡأϹˡ
иһﶼˡ
ĲˣǻͷԼӣˣи˵㵱ɶͲúõӳأӣã
иϱ˵ˡ
ܵӸɲˣͨԱˣɾָ׬Ǯءôˡ
⻹Ϊ˵Ĵ
ǰ¶ûԼϣ;ԱǴС֡ԼҲеᵽ˸ɲµı
죬ˡôûӳ
ڼԷʱٺٵЦ
ռҲиõԼҷƴơ
ˣۼҲͨ˼ңʡ
°ҪǻǰһҪȥſˮ
Ҷ߳ԷߵӴ裬ͱ˵ˣҪǰҲҰ
°
үүҪǹȥ۵ÿҷ
үүҪǹȥҲֲãиǹõġ

극꣬¶ۼҲˣ¶Ҹǰ
ĵҪң
ǿɲôζӳҪġ
Ƶ죬֪۾Ͳôˡ
ⱲӹžֻλˡԣҪٲɳֻܸˣ˹ӣӱŷչˡ
⣬Ҳ⡣ڵⲻҲӣֻһѡ˵ˣҾⷴһᡣ
ռ˶
ɸһŹϽлӹȻҸⲻǻûת֮ǰ¶̫˳ˣԱǻӳɣ¶ˣҲô֪ӳôõġҸ絽ʱˣֳ͡
ŵǣզ⣿
쿪ʼһ켸˵ܡȥҹ쵼롣Ա֪Ϊ˴ⱼù֪һΪԱĴӳ
һأǣզоǱ߰ﲻææѧУ¶Ϊ¶ҲȥҹǣŪ˵Ѿ˾ˣҲû취ôӡ֡
֪Ҳûָ㣬ȥͳˡ¶һ취ġˣӶҪáת¶Ͱ϶ˡ
Щ飬ⲻƭ𣿡
һۣզƭأĻԡԱ̹ǿŴôŬ⣬ﲻ̹ˣҪȻǲðװ׵𣿡
̵Դûѧŵ㡣զôأһҲңѧүүˡ
үү
ôһ˵ʱ¶Ǻ¡Ǹûᡣ
һҲˡ
ڶһ磬ܣʹкô֪ȥΪӵ¶æ
ȻԱȥȥģ϶Щˡ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀﳵ뿪
죬ҲûܳΪȥܵĶˣѾʼϰΪˣԽԽϤԼڵĹλˡ
ڵʱȥһ˹硣ۺϰ칫Ǳ߽˵绰סĹõ绰Լõʱ䣬ܲܳɣҲͲܳˡ
˵͹˵绰һ͸ص绰ˡ
绰Ҳ˵̫ף˶Ǿཻ¶Ϣ
ˣ
ˣЩӡڵ绰ͷЩš
զˣûǮ
ӵǮǴǸģȻ㡣Ƕǳĸرãһͷٶˣܼ۲١öӶûѹٳơ
һʱˣģмͷ
ʮͷʣµģǲˣûȨޡ
һʱˣǲ٣Ҳ°
һǧࡣ廹õʱ㡣
УϳǮǱһҪûҳﵽǮӡǽũҪ飬һҪãũͬ־ʧˡ
˵绰֮񳤳һ
˳ˡĸˣˡ
ţ˷ܡ
뵽Ǯ¶ʹ˴֡
һǧɲСĿ߽࣬ò֮ǰһǧ࣬Ҳǰʮ໧ԱӴյǮء
ϧֲܴ
Ǯأ
֪డˣ
ۺϰ칫°ŹͿڵ绰ϼüŪ۵ġ
һΣʱһȻЦΣ⻹ȥ칫ء
νļӸͨѶԱȥǱڽ֪ͨŶ´ɱӵߣȥ칫̸
Ͻ˹ȥһ·ǧذת˼ŸզŪǮ
˰칫ңξԼˮȡ
ЦŵͲ̸¶ġ
Լ˿ڲ裬ʵ˵Ƕе¶Һ˵¶ﲻæЩжֳͳһġÿҪ٣ǰƻ١ǰһ걨ģ̫ˡʣһЩǾͲˡҲޡ
¶ѾˡЦŵ
üͷһǶӳҺأǶΪˡ
ԽԼͽˡҲΪ˺˵¶ǲǽ⣬Ϊ⡣
εɶҪ
Ҳе¶ΣͨǶ¶֮ʶһص⡣۹̫ˣáһָʱ״̫¶ˡǶʱҪУŪУⲻ͵һķչ𣿡
εͷǰƻͺá
ƻϲϱ仯ôһ磬ôĴӣ˵ʵڵģ̫ˡÿۻ̫ˡ۹ĸɲǶǸʵµģȥɶϵǺܳԿ
αȷģ˼ȷ
ȻʵǣҲ߹ϵ˼쵼ϰĹԣӡ
ԣ⵱ȻȷģҲ˵ǺܱԵ棬Ϊ⣬Ҳǹ⡣ΣҲ뵽취һ⡣ǲ֪ûһݵ뷨Уξһᣬǹõǳıˡ
һռˣﶯ˶һ뵽˹ש
װĵ˸̣ʲôˣ
ӺǱŪĸ۸ˣƷؼǶǳĸ̣ҪԼġܼܿ氡۳ǰɱʱ䣬ֵ
ֱӣж٣
ʮͷϾǴ£ҲһŪֻ̫࣬Ҳҳеôʧǲǣ
εͷ¶Ͼǵһθɣȷʵܳе̫աҹҲ̸ϸԣש߳ûʼӯءĹǽˣҲˣû¶١
Σ¶ˣҪ;ҪȻǱ߾ͰĸŪĵطȥˡҲ֪ĸ֡һ̥ܲģһ̥ʮͷءһ׬Ǯʮͷ׬٣
Ϣȷ𣿡Ķʵ
Ҹմ绰ȷġͺ㱨Ϣˡ
վˣţȥҺǡ
˵ţڰ칫ȥˡ
ˣԼбóһ´ɱӣȻˮȣߺȱԼϲ
ܿ죬ξ͹ȥǰ칫̸
ϽһȻĵ˺ǰ칫ҡ糤Ҳš
Ǻã糤
Ǻ糤Цŵͷ
Сհ㰡һֱΪ翼ⰡǶܽͬ־Ȼ͵ġ
⣬ҲǸ⡣
ϵҼң迿ҡӣҵĸҲں칫硣
֪ͺ糤һ¡
糤Цŵ۱صأѹôϡ
ҲϣԽԽãλˣҾ۹ˡûͦѵõġ
ǵͷ˵ˡǲ֪ҪǮ
۸õʱʵ㣬ĸһˣ̫ᣬ֪ٶ˼Ҹļ۸ǰ۸㣬۸ʮͷ۾ܼǧڣرȽϿ졣
ĸ۸Ҳˡؼڻ򲻵ЩֳѺˡѡǶġ
ݣ˶ĬƬ̣˼ǮԹ˵㲻ȱ
Ҫ˵ãҲõĳϾôǸء
ʮͷĸһ̥һզҲǼʮͷӣһܻر
ʵ۶û顣
ΪǶҲҪ԰ȥֳǱרѧļ⻹˼֪ͬ־ȥѧҽ
ξȵǸôܵ
ҲǴ¶۳еա
Ǿú⣬ôһվ͸Сˡ
糤ҿǿԸһ㡣
ҲͷУǾԿһҲҪģҪʮͷ
ҲǮʱҲš
һļϣ¶Ͷˡ
쵼¶Ƕˣм¶ǵ˵ϾĸˣҲԭ򡣡
ǵǲ
϶ᣬֻǴӲҪ˼жĸ档ǹĸӣʵǳǮġǴӵǮ͹ǮһùܹԱ˵ļ۸õĸȻЩҲСϲռ
Ǻ糤
ε˼ǣˣĸУ
ͷĸ۸ͱߣŶӣǾһ֣ʣµĸǲ־ȻˡҲû˱ˣǱǹˡҲñ˵ļ۸ˣҳŴҶáҲееģҾùǽԼⲻаԾ뵽ˡɴĸУĸǣиǡ
εԭء˵ôܱء
ǵҲǶˣҲˡ
񲻺˼Ƕﻹ̫ˣþٵǮ⡣ʵҲŴգϾҲ֪Щĸжֻ
糤е˼ҲǺ¶Ǯ
ϵӵģҲ㲹ˡ߿ɲҪЩռʹӣҲں칫һѽ
Цʱ۾ͲǣҪĸúãܲǵģҲǡ
εԣ㡣ڰ¶ˣ֪࣬ôŵģ
׼ȥǽһӣ˳㿴ǿǲҪһȥˡ
ҲҪʼæµˣɲǿ߲
εóɸȥǮȥиӦ
ͷУһȥʰһ£ͳ
ȥ·ϣָͷˡ
ߵǮʮͷĸʮͷĸǶڴӵġզҲҪиͷˡ⻹ͷĸһǧõ֣û׼ʣġͷĸܲʮͷСһоͲŪȫˡﻹܵͷĸء
ҲǶ֡ȣǹġΪ˴
ԺСͬ־Т˳֡õİְ
лҪ˵ôôգ 


53 
ͺռ˵, ԼҪȥе¶, ö֮ǰһ, ʯ
, е¶ˣ
ͷһȥǱ, ʱǲֹУĸ
ӶҲ̫ˡ
ռһҪغǣˡ
̵ǲҪȥ֣
϶Ҫȥġ
ָпˣȥ˵˵, ҺүҲõ㡣̫ƫˡ
ͷ, һģƫĵ¶Ÿı䲻ˣôġ
ıȽ϶ࡣһģԼߵġԼŮƫ, ǲҲⷽԭ
ϴ󵽵׻Ƕ⵱
̫̫û˵ɶˣԴֿʼˡΪŰôõĹŮҲ¡Ҳ̫ˡ
õް, ޶á
ڶһ, ʹһȥǡ
ո˵Ĳ, غǿˣһֱûᣬοǺˡ
, ҿá
µģҪǻͷںǱ߲ҳְæûдӺǻĻس̳ۿԸ˷ѵģӴһ¡
ϡո˵ĲˣֻҪܻؼңĶ¶
֮⣬йСС⣬һͬ־һŮͬ־ҲᣬŶʮࡣǸһǮ˵ġ
Ͼǧڹ˵ҲһʲٵǮ
ձɾԵþܶˣһ·ϴǮҶһ£¶Ǯ
ǵǮźþͱȥȥԽԽױϡװɶҲûУû˵ǵġ
Ľ̵û֮ǰôˡ
֪ǵһγֺ˵һЩǵ¶Ǵھ顣õһγĻŻš
ɸмĲˡģɶҲ֪һĨڡ
См֪ã
ЦңǸҳҵȻչˡԺ¶Ҳ鷳ǻչˡȥ˺ǣҲҿɶ˽ģҡǺǣǱߣҶϤء
Уοɶˡ
һ·ϣ񶼾ĴλԵģסĵطıֳԼɸ
ϾҪùǮ¶ɲЩɶ̫ˡ
ȵ˺֮СɾͿʼˡ
һ˿ʼһˣǾʹҲˡ
˺ǣջؼȥͼžۣҪŪس̳˭á
ո߸˵ĿŰˡ
ԼССȥ˺ǵĹӪ꣬ڽϹ˹䣬ɰûе˾ˡ
رǸǰдʱڶ¥¥£ȥϴּǱߣʱ̾ѣǵƵ绰¥¥°ڼϲ
ЦŵԺ۹ҲĻģʱѡ
˾ҡͷ벻롣
Ҳˣ˼ҳǱ߲ü棬ȺúϢҳȥһЩԵʳ
Щ˼СǸŮͬ־Ť½ǵզ˼ء
ЦЦû£ϾҲǺˣզܲдءϢҳȥҡ
Сʵ֪࣬㲻ؼ𣿡
ҡͷǳģ¶ûأɶҰ˵ž¥뿪ˡ
СⱧԼİ֪ǸΣ˻á
Сͷ
ĺͬ־һҲĶˡ
д͸Ͻȥߡ
ŵһֵĳζһֳָζһζ
ζΪǿҵġ
ǿֲӦĸо߰ź
ܿܳˣ󻹸һʮˡĸߴйɷĸо
ˣʱЩˣ⿴Ŵ󻢡
Ŵ߹ѽͬѧɣ˵Ǹͬѧ
Цɣ˵رáҪȻҲ˼鷳ġ

Ŵͦ˵ģ⺢ӾͦТ˳ãȥ
Ҳȷʵǹ̸¶ģҲû˽Ժ
סǳֵķӣڽߣӱҪɺܶࡣ
żȻסƽ
ɸɾġ
ĸ׿һŮˣþˣЩҪȻҲûС
żңõд
Цŵ尢̶ǹģҲͬѧ̸̸¶
ġֻ׼ȥŪд
治ÿҺ˵˵¶ߡ
һˡ
ҲЦŸ˹ȥ
żӻͷһοôʱˡ
⣬ۼզˡ
Ŵ󻢵ҳ⺢λͦࡣ
ǳˡ ܸˡ֪㲻ףҲԸˡ
żҵļͥʵӣɥżִźӣȷʵû취ӹȥñ˽ܸһͻûȢϱŴ󻢡
˽˻飬ŴûۣӴ֣ƽʱɤŴ

СʱҲһЩ˿ЦӣͺŴ󻢡رһŮ֮󣬾͸ദˡ
ϣ⺢ԺԽԽ£ۼԽԽá
棬ֱʵզ
绰ܶ¶˵ֻܼ򵥵˵ҪȥŪĸˣ֪ͺܱ
ԼǰûӣŤһ˵Ҫ˵û⣬ȻŪһûԻĸоɣһ֪Щˣ֪ЩӶࡣʮͷշļ۸ǹ硣
ʵŴ󻢵ԭǣģһ㵱󳧳Ūӣͷ
⻰ǲ˼˵ġ
ܺá
Ȼ¶ȷʵЩԲҲǹӪҵǹʹӲҲڹҵ𣬶Ϊ˽衣Ҳͱ۾ˡϾʵûǮ
Ҿ㰴շļ۸Ҳֻ˵׬㡣
ɵĺܲģȳӰˣҾ㵱¶û⡣Ĺ˭Ҳߡ
ͷ
⿿Լɴ¶ǲǺгɾ͸У˵֮ǰǲɵиôбµİֻҴš

ҲԼϾҪˣԼˣ֪¶жٺΰˡ

˵֮ɫһ䣬㳶ˣһҪ¶Ҫ˵
Щˡʲô¶
γҺչйҲˣŵССǴŹǮġ
ҲûԼԹ·˵ˡ
Ͼ۸ģڲ˵ȥҲ֪ġ
컹ҪŴء
죬û˵ֻ⵨̫ˡ
ȻţҪƾԼȥǣߣûпǰسǡ
뷨Ҵס
ҡҡͷ
֪ɶ޷ԽңͶ硣û׼ҡ
죬ôأ
˸һ治ȫšס뷨Ϊã뿴;
˭;綼ƭ
͹˵ˣҲ¡ӵǮûǣҲ֪Ҫȥ״Ҿͷҧ̰ǴӵǮŻ˵ûеǮȥռͶҵ֤ˣʱ׼ȥ͸İɡ
죬ɴ۾
ְߣ¶֮󣬴Ҷһϵˣ㲻ϲ֣Ҳ˹ɡ
ͷðˡоԼһ²ˡ
˵֮Цˣ㿪ЦģҲֹӲŵˡҸҲǹŻ㣬ʵҲΪáҿ϶ǲȥЩ¶ġֻȥٱˣҲá룬ҸǣߴˣҺôûɶûУ˵˵ĻԽȥ͹̸ôֻ˲ʱӲҲûܵġ෴ģһΪ˴ӣҺʹӳҲġ֮ǰ¶ǾԵġԼôõģ
վͱŵ©˼ģЩС˼һȥˣЩʧ;úеˡҲûѡˣİţܵõ浱Ȼġ
ͷԵ֪ˡ
֪У㻹˵֡ȻĶľͲ˵ˣֻ˵һΪ˴ӵľġԼΪ˴֮ܵõĺô
ԹԵͷֻԼǰʱûɹҪȻ϶һƤ
ҺûƽǰЩ¶
ϣҲ⣬ȻһʼΪ˴ӣǾͼֵףɲĶġ
ְܵŵС࣬Ҫ˵̬Ⱥõ㡣Ҳˣܰ¶ءôõϵһߣɵˡ˾Ҳһúʮùϵû㿴Ұ֣ɶﲻϣҲøӣ
Ǹɲ
ƨã֮Ұɶ˵һװģ첻ô֡ҿԼҲŸģҪСκҵκιҪһİ֣Ҳûᣡˣ㡣ȥֹϵõ㣬ûһˣԺû׼Ԯˡ
ҶϲģŮ޵ؼҳԵôܸס
Ҳʮкӣ軵˵ģȻһֱԵñͬ˴ʵҲûᾭֶΣҪȻҲһֱûԳɹˡԸոвǷѾסˣЩη
оŮͬ־̫̫ˣһܱӡ
¡
˵ɶҲͷӦˡ
ͷͶԼûµʱ򣬾ͱźͼˡмһϧĺˡСʱûĶ
ȥʱ΢Ц
Ц
˾ôЦݵĽ
żӼͦĵӣҲ˵һЦݡ
軹ҪһٷдҲŤˣҪŰ̸¶أҲ
ʱͺһŴ̸
Ŵ󻢻ﻹһСŮޣꡣӸո˯ѣһֱ˯
ˣЩ¡
ͳһЩǹЦǿʱ򣬻Щšǹȥ
ЦСɹɣɰء
ŴЦҹŮɶˡ
ҳžǣعԡѹһֱš
ͷ
Ŵϸˡںǰһˡ
ŴãĻ⡣
¶ǵ˵ϾԺǳ涼ҹǰɡ
šĽҲҵ¶»¶ͰѸո˵Ŵ˵һ顣
ңǾŪܽʡǮҡ
ֹذ۲ȣ۶֪࣬һôϢ
ŴʵҲԺܹ͹Ǳϵϵġ
ϾҲǵһ֪ԭôǰΪһģӴ˶Ǵϴ֣ûԼݻܸӰæ
֪֮󣬵ȻҲ˼
ô֮Ҳͦе
ͷβܸŪĸɱĸ֪æء
壬ɲҪǶԲ磬Ҳû취㲻֪ǶѡԲԣ
ͷԡɴһᣬŬԼ΢Ц֣һǰɡ
ӺúõĺԼ¶ԼæŴôܾܾ
һΪıǶᣬף˼ɳıְ
Ŵ󻢾Լˣ࣬˼ǲһ
Уҿ϶ǣǹ֪顣
лл塣Цŵ
ЦЦ
лл֡
ΪãϳԷʱŴ󻢻˵СƣôˣҲŻϲ
극֮ȥϵĲȫ
˵ҲҲͰԹԵľˡ
ˣŴ󻢺ԼϱҰ֣Ц¶ͺͱ˼ҵĶӺ͵ֵ¶һң
Цˡ
Ŵ󻢵ϯͬ־˵Ҳûǿ࣬Ҳɳˡģҿ϶Ҳܹӡġ
Цһ£Nɪġ
ȥ·ϣҲ˱
ٽó㵱Ůͬ־־̬ȳ

Һ˵ֺ֣㶥˵ӡҪǳ͸˵ˡ
ųְҵƫ˵ӲʹɵɵҾ벻ˣǰôЩ뷨
ŵķװǰǵʦ̴ѧģһ뿪ļͥҪ
 ̴ѧİҪ֪㾹Ȼһ㡣ȻҪԣҲˣ㻻ԵĶ󣬺úˣȡԺŶұԺԽԽ档ҸˣҪȻɶԣҿɲ֣㡣꣬͵֪ն⵱һš

лҪ˵ôôգʮɡ
ܱǸҸо״̬¶ѿƣ۾ͷΡ
Բǣ


54 
صдʱ, һЩԵĻСС͡
, ˳ȥһĳ, ûҵ, ֻ쿴СǱܲܰæ߾⺣ǵ乫˾ˡ
СС˵ĳŶ, ˵˲֪ôԭҳȥˡ
ҲЩǸزģǰﲻæġ͸Ǯ
˵ʵҪţдŶҡ
Сʵ, ֪, ɶ鷳ˣҺСⲻ졣
ɶ鷳Ϊ˶͹, ôСòģֻҪǮžС
СԼǰһﴧ, һ϶׼˯ġ
Ц, ֻҪ, һ¶׵ġǲĵġ
ССҲɵЦһ·֪ͦεġֻҪǮ¶þͳɣ¶֪లš
ڶһ磬ͺϴ, һͬȥߡ
ǵӦǺǸĸģǳȻλƫΪ˱Ƚ϶࣬ԸҲԵú֣ССһĳǼģһμôĹģġ
ҲΪĹģǵʡԵú΢ˡ
Ｘǧͷʮͷ治¶
˵ʱûֻŴߺͳһ۸ߡ
Ŵ󻢴ȥҪǵĸ
üǺţбˣ׳ġ
Ŵڳ﹤꣬Ϊ˺ˬʶ˺ܶࡣһֻ۱һֻ۵ģʮͷƷ಻ĸԷļ޸ȥ
Ŵ۾ҲЩĸǴŶӵġá
ôͦðɡŴ󻢵Ҵһͷͷϳơǵĳɹ
ӦˣССǵĳԱ
Ŵ󻢵ͷССƽʱûôõ¶ԼõĸǮɡ
ССɲЩǶԺûǷֵģ;Щǿͦ
һǮȷʵˡ
˶˼ЦЦ
ŴֵǴƱǷֿġǹǹģСеĵӣǵӡϾǲӵĸġ԰⻹ķǿļ۸Ƿļ۸񣬵ǶУǴӵġ
ⶼǹʱ֪ģ˼ҳô˵ССĵͷ֪֪
¶ˣŴЦһ£ȥ
һͷͷĹơȻӡ
齫Щĸ磬ɱƵͣ⹫ѹ
ڸʡǮء
СС࿴һۣû˵
ϾܸʡǮǵȻǺ¶ˡλȥҲýһЩ
ظм񣬹ȻһΪ˹ĺͬ־ȥ˵ú˵˵
ֺ˷֮Ŵ󻢾ŵȥ۲Ǳߣܿó۲Ǻµĵˣ
ǳȥǱ߽Ǯ£ȥˡ
ѹסϲ˹壬ο鷳ˡ
Ŵ󻢺ˬİ֣úͳˡȥ̫ˣǲǱƽʱȥ칫ң֪ģǱϾǹܲģȫһȥ͹ˣԼš
СС
˶ûɶ棬˵ԼȥôĵλǮˡ
ǽ֪࣬Ҳġǲ֪࣬Ƕ˵ǮˣǶǲеģһͽܵĽ
ҲմǵǮ͵ɣһһȥһȥ̫ˡȹȥҳˣССȥǮ
ôţ˾ͲˡЦŵͷ
˲ңͰŵӽǮˡ
ʱһȡһǷ̾ġ
Сʵզˣ
׼ǮǲֻеģûסҲŪͷĸȥ֮ǮͲˣЩеǮֻܴǷˣǶڻǷǮҺϤ˼ԸǷ
һ˼Ļ࿴һۡδǮжġֻû취óǴӡ
Цŵû¶ĸԺСˣǮܻܿϵġ
ǰӿֵǮСⰲοԼҲһЩ
ιռ˴ӵıˣ˼Ҵӻծˣզ顣
Ͻȥ˿ʱҲʣٶˡ⻹ѹӵԭ
ҲûǮˣȥ·ѿ϶ǹ߸ġ
ʱ˷ҲԤġֻǸոտҲ˷׼˵ֵЩġڿָˡҲû¶Ϊ˹硣˼֪ܹΪ˹룬˳ȥĳ·Ҳƽˡ
ȡ˶Ǹ߸һɡ
Сզȥ
˿ֱֻܵˣ첻ǳ֮ǰܻع硣ܲڳҹ·ȫ
Сʵǳأ
ȥҡȥҳҵ˾ͻд֪ͨǡǽҲˣȥ·ϲо񡣡
˼ɶ¶ˡ
См֪࣬ǲϤҲﲻɶæǻȥ·ѣǹ϶ˣͲòˡ
Щ˼⻹Ҫ鷳ˣ׼˵ǴǷġʵòǮˡλѵãҲ۴ŪͷĸȥͳԤˡ
Сû¶ģⲻΪ˹ʹ⡣
ЦЦǾллˡ
ͻȥ·˵ǴдԣǽȥˡԼõĹӪȥˡ
ʱնˣһһӣͺͳһġ
ˣŴչ㣬ôȥҰô죿
һֿۣ˿ŵʱ˶أھͱˡ
˸£ⲻûʱ𣬽һ綼
յȷʵˡȻͷͶϽȥ˰ѵȥǲǸͬ־
ȥ˲ˡ
㿴ʲô̬Ȱղ˵
ˣôҲΪҶġҲ̫ˡ
գ
ײ˽Ӷ˹ֶһһСˡ
߳Խӱߵգզ
ҰֿǸȻû⡣㻹ǵǻеΪǵĹϵõҰ߳ﵥӡлȥĳҰһ˵˼Ҷ˵ʹӦˡãܱȴ˺á
ԣֻǸ
̧°͵԰ôˣ
ϴθҡ
ǴŸɻ֮ԾܾѾͷ˵ֱٱˣɸˡ
ƭģ̽һ£˭֪ôԭα¶ġձӵĺһ
ʱθۡ
ԳԳԣʲô
ռͷԶҲںǳԵĺãҪǻȥˣֵίˡ
ȴԲˡûţԼˣˣЦˣ̫ˡ
ҾҵģҲˣҪǳ뷹ҭ㡣

ٷҲճԵζġЩˬ죬һֱ
ǰͦϲģڿžͷϲʱǽʣϲʱǾǰڳԼǰϹˣȻôˣҺˡ
Ŵ
Ҳ֮ϵôû˵ĳƽĸǰŹ
ĵͺ˾ߵšһؼҡ
գĵ㣿
㣿
ĵĵɣһȥ˯
ֵʱ䲻࣬ʮʱ͵ûѧĶԼѧһʱѧģʼҲСʱô࣬ԺɶǶԼŬŬˡ߾м¼ģܲڣǾͿıˡ
Ŵͷ
߸裬ԼҲҧҪɼˡ

ڶһ磬컹ûվͺͻеĳһˡ
ΪģԳӻͦġ
ίЩǣһĵݣЩ㡣
ڽһͷͷ˻ĸϳ֮һɵ˳
ڰ
Ϊ˱ЩĸǺСվںĸġ
Ϊװ··ϵʱܶעĿǷ׷ױܿζĳ
гվǿҲųߵһߣһ
һסˣһϸ۾͵ɴˡ
ǱΧģСŮ
лҪ˵ôôգ


55 
һ˲, վǿгʹ׷ȥ
ÿ㽡, ϳӻûϴ·, ûĺܿ, ҪȻ׷ϡ
񣡡
վǿ׷ϵʱʹ
Լò׸Ūֵĸ, ˺˳ſ˹ȥͿվǿں׷߿һˣվǿʹӳˤȥˡ

ǰ溰һóͣԼӳ
֣Ǹɶ
վǿ˲۵ɫͨ졣ųԼŮ
Ů
㡭ʲôʱغǵ, ôؼһ, 
Ϊһˣվǿ˵Ǹˡ
ֵģԼŮһ, ϻԼζ
ģǶҷ񡣡
վǿ, ôؼ, Ҫû, ôˣ
̾զûأһغǾͻؼ, վǼҸǿŴ£Ŵô棬ҲҽȥһֱվǶ˻վţҿˣôҽ㻹ôƯɾаְ֣䡣ٿͷġˡզأһȥҽ裬ҸǵˣѧһȥˣǸǶ𣿡
Ļվǿʱκ飬ÿġ
ʵҲˣ֣˰˵ˣôþڷһٽӡұ߳ԱţزȥˣҲز˼ˣҲԲϼȺˡԺ⺣ǣҿܶûˡҺãҺûҽ㣬㻹һŮԺҲҪˡ
˵žȻת뿪˵ϻ
վǿôˣĳ
ĹŮļͥ棬СܵýĹŮ
񡣡վǿϽ׷ȥгû˵ˡ
ӣӶͳƽǮƱҲûüЩóԵģԼ
ûǰ溰
ٴη֮󣬾Ϳˡ
վǿҲ׷ˣҲû׷ˡ
׷Ҳ֪˵ɶ
վǿʧǵתųλȥˣתߣߵſڵʱ򣬾ͿԺĴ
վǻؼңһ˶Ҷһˡ
̫ǿˣվǿԼԼͦӲģⲻЩۣᡣ
Ӽ߳һվڴԺſڣգʲôȥϰ𣿡
ĹžڸҪ磬ÿŶҪһЩÿͳŵġ
վǿͷһۣȻֿվ
ĹŵľװСƤЬžñƤɾ氡
ոտ񣬶ôĶԱȰ
վǿôۣһ۶࿴ųתˡ
̬ȣ춯˶ûһ֪վǿǲԾˣǶСء
վҲ߹裬ô°úõľôǣո񣬺ҵӡ
ҲܲرίСıˡҪˣͿʼˣ·ް
վ裬ҪٸдŰɣĻֻġ
˵Ҳܣڡҵ͸ȡģƾʲôӶ磬ŮͱһҪڼôôҲܰŶ֡ҪǻŲʣҲΪȡˣûæˡһܡһ£డܰ
վɶҲû˵ԼҲˣĺͲĲ໹Ǻܴġİȡˣôְֿ϶ġϾͰְûѪԵϵ
裬ҵżˣһ취
ͷǿˣʲôɷӶסֻܿԼŮ

װŶǮҲû˼С
Ȼֺ⣬ǺôҲû
ĲǴ򽻵ģǾû취ˡ
СĽոְǴɲ
ɣͺװģΪ񣬴СҲû𡣡
֪࣬ôб£Ժ취س¡
ˣһǺϲµģΪϰ¶Ҿر١
С̾ũǺãӿడҪԺҵ޳ˣһҪȥ
Ц޻Ůޣ
ޣˡ
Ͳˣھ͵ģҰֻᣬ޳֮ҰƼȥȥڴоͽҪҸʹˣҶȥˡ
⻰СϲĲˡ
֪ܿͻĸ￪ţδ˾ͻܶࡣҲ֪Ժ󵱱ڻࡣ֪δũ˿ԼҲܽǵġ
ԼĶӵδˡԼģСɣԼ˸·ˡ
֪࣬˿û˵ĳԺɶ£Ҳң
ЦŰ֣۲ƽЩ
ӿһ·СͰСɸйˡ
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ΪĸӿĲ졣ǿһ죬춼Ҫˣŵ
ΪõԭԳûͣֱȥ˺칫硣
֮ǰǾߴ˵绰ˣ˵˴Żʱ䡣
Թ׼ˡɲǶߣŽĸһЩ׳æ
ȳ˺칫һͣ£ɲ͸Ƕӹܳˡ
סŵҲӸҸˣ֡
Ǻ糤ǰ棬˳ϵĸ϶ЦǺǵġ
ָӵֱȥȦǱߡ
ҲҪӵġ
ͣǰ޵ſڣ缸׳жĸ
ĸŵ˻ѷεĽкͼ߽ӽǵˡ
ϧû˺˵Ц
εĿ԰ˣ
ССȥ㱨
мͷĶռʹӵġ
һЩҲĶˡûʣµģŻѵãŪ˼ͷˡ
СС˵ռʹ˻Ƿծ¶
ҲΣռ˴ӵıˣռʹӻǷծˡЦЦͦãͷҲá
ЩĸȦ档쵼ϲĲˡ
Щоϸɲðһͺãµп϶Ҳá
һӦúܿˣ£ڶˡ
ԺɲȥֳǱҪˡ
ҪĸһЩõԼԺĸ
ԽԽ·𿴵δȦԽԽĳ
ûڹţȹĸ֮ϳϽϻشӡ
춼ɵˣҲǰͬ־һ·ϰһ¡
ο񣬡֪࣬¶ĺܲ߻ǵĹ׵ġ
ЦΪ񡣡
Цŵͷ
ȳӿ֮ξСС㱨ںǵ¶
СС·ϴøˡʵʱǻشҲ
һ·֪඼չǡ
˺֮ɶ¶Ҳûǲġĸ¶Ǿֵģ֪û͡ӸǮԼۿȥǮӡ
֪Ϊ˸ʡǮ⽫ЩӱȽϴĸˡʣµĸԻͲѹˡ
С֪һһΪ˹£λغǣҶûءǻʱ·ˡָס˲˵˼仰˵ʱŶͦѹġ
֮Ҳ֪֪ͦá
ЩģϾܵ·ӣʲô⣬Ҳ֪˹ȥҲиӦ
ڿԼСˡ
һ֪࣬һǻѪΪ˹£ˡ˸ˡ

һһΪ¶صռʹӵʱܵҵĻӭ
ԱǶ֪ҪӺǻһҪĸл
ǮҪе˶۰Ͱ͵Ŀţ׼ģҲ׼ǧѷ֡
ǵȳӽʱ򣬼˶ˡ
һ㣬㿴ӭǵġ
ӭĸġ

Ҳͣ˴Ȧߣͣȣˡ
ЩЦĺϲ£죬Ū
³ˣ˼˾ʦҪҹ·ȥء
úúãǸϽж
Ͻߺæ
ǲȱˣġ˶õˣԼ滹Ƚӡ
񺰵㣬ӿɶڶء
һĸӵģɰŻϽŵ̧
ͷӶȦ棬˾˵ĺͻ˾͸˵Ŀųˡ
һ˿ֵˣ׬˷ѣ˶
ֵ࣬ˡ
˾ˣΧȦĸĸŵһţЩһ
ĸɲϽϣǰĸŻˡ
ˣҲΧߣȥΧˡ
Ǹչſȥˣûӵ¶ء
˵ȥզֻĸأ
ռߺȿˮͺöˡ
ס
´ɱ߳𼱣˵ܲˡ
Աʵ񰡣أ
⵽ҹϵ˵ģҲҲʣµ濴ϣëġǮܸë𣿺Ǳ˵һлûһӾܳˡզܵأһĥɴĸһ밡ҪУ϶ǱԼߺõˣСĸҲֲǡԼãʱԼСĸȥԼţԺҲܲءⲻֱһЩëл㣿
͵Ѻô˵װ׵ġ
Ա֮ҲôʱԼԹѡĸء
ЩѾֹˣԼҵʱҪҪһͷһͷĸԺԼҾͲˡÿ궼ʡһǮ
ûˣ¶ĺܼ򵥣ĺáԽԽúôࡣҲͽ˶š
ʵ⼸ͷĸҲְɡ
Цۻһڹأ϶ǹġİɣܲˡ
ҾͶЦ
ΪЩĸ۴ӶǷءҪҸΪﻨǮһ治
ֱͦˡ⵱Ȼ⣬ģ¶ֵ֧ģզҲеͰɡ
ӵԱû˵ɶҲڴͦãΪܵı档
ΪƵմЩۣǷծ˰
Ȼ˵ʵһȥզ죬ͷ
մˡ
ƵıԺĸӣеǮȥծˣ˼Ҳǻծ
Ļմ۾һ⵹Ǻá
Ǯ֮ԴԴϵĴЧˡԺҲԽԽǮˡ
ĻȥˣԴӵİŶʾΪ⡣ܶߵʱ˵ĺû
̼ˣϽȥԣ۵Ŀ񣬡ˣ¶ɡ
Цŵû¶ֻ̣ҪܰﵽҴͺá֮󰡣Ҵڶ϶ˡȹͶƱʱ֧˿϶࣬ʱתˡ
жϡﻩġⶼΪ
°һԴ㿴㣬һˣ˴ӳҪһֱô㡣ԼܲܳϢ㡣
ԼԴ裬Ҳ밡ⲻǡⲻǻû𣿡
ԺԼġ°ҲżҪ˷ţһӶվ
ԺҪˣⲻ͵õˣ
ҪԼģҪһǽ
ܿ죬ɾ͸˼ˡ
ҶڱζʿˮＦ̸ˣûóԡ
񣬡ںǳ˺öɣؼ֮ɶöû
Ҳ
Ůʡǣǿ϶Ǽϴġ֪û˵ɶûд
ԣҲ̣ң˶죬ƺ֪˵ɶˡ
һ¶ˣʵզˣɶ˵ģ
̣̾ûɶ
϶¶סҡ̼
죬¶ίɫûҼš·ҰֵģģǮңȻˡ
ɶ̾ȵĺһæûؼң
ҡͷ
ûƭˣȷʵûؼңȷʵûţҲȷʵ·ġվǿͬ־ҲȷǸǮûؼҡ
ҶߵҴզˣ
°ĸ첲Ϲ˵
Ȼ˵Ҳܲ³˵̫ˡ
үүĹ
۾ˣզԼŮأˣǲҲˣ˵զô궼ûء϶Ҳˡ
̣ô˵ҰⲻһТ˳Т˳ġ
ǰҲôõģֻһˣǺİԼТ˳̫ݵˡԼ¶ɣȱ£
̣ˡû¡
զŰ˭ҲùŮŵġڴϸǮɶǮأ
οûɶҴҪԸңҲ
ģûϢĹ
񣺡ҲһƬģ
̺үүĲˣö֮ǰЩТ˳¶ƭ˵ģƭġ
ǵûƭˣϾԼƭˣҲ˵Ȼ֮ǰǱƭˣˡſĿˡ
̫ˡ
ôôȱµĶӰҪⲻĵˣ׹ŮֱͲˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ ʮҸоǲԭ򰡣


56 
үү̶ڶûɶָˡ
Ҳ֮ǰϣ
Ͼ֮ǰΪ, ô, ϶Ǽı, Ǵ۵ĹŮ
۵ĹŮТ˳, ӿ϶Т˳
֪ӾȻôĲ, Ǿ֪ԼһԸˡ
һ׹Ůˣжã
رԼռ͵ģأǸˡ
ǹӲŵġģǶ˾Ͳˡ⹷ǹġֺ֪, ôѡˡ
ڳ˸
ûɶĻ, ֪ɶˡ϶Ǻġ
Ϊһʱܲ࣬ܲãΪ˲ӰԷǻǿ˵ĳ嶯, ͰĵԷ
ռҲû
ɻ⽫ӴȥúӲ£
˵Ŀ, ǿŷͷƤ, ڳ
̧ͷʱ˲۾, ۾Щ졣
̰ο񰡣ѹ, 㻹үأ۶㡣㡣ۼϢġ
°ǣôϢϲءũզˣ۲͵ģۼһƶũ
үүͷۼһֱסװ׵ģ˭Ҳܿǡ
ǾǺܹٵ¶
û¶ʵ֮ǰ·϶οԼˡҾöԲү̡ҵʱ򣬻ҰֽͣҾΪǣТ˳ǡҲԼش־ù١ֻǾҰ֡˵ЩԽҲΡ
̱ɶ ֲĴ֣ûĵĶǶģ֪Ҳǹÿࡣ
ֱ̡̣̣ҰզģǲңҶһТ˳ǣϲǵġԺһҪгϢүүϺӣıҰֻҪ⡣
һԼôѹˣҪοԼ̾ԼĶҪˡ
Ҳ֪զôõĹŮġ϶Ǻá
أҲܹܣ
ԾﶼŮ˵ҵģͷӣ϶ϱ϶ѹġϴҿ϶Ҳࡣ
̾ҽ㡣

Ӹ˵ˡ
ˡ־ǸͿĹ˼Ůôǰĺӣ϶Ǹǰ˰ôĹŮǸֵզҲһء

û£㡣
°ҲͦġôһŮӣﲻġҲ̫ˡ
ÿϧզԼء
ҲûˣﲻģԺסԼ
ⲻԼŮ
°ôһ͸ͨˣЩϲ׼һŮˣôϢ
ˡ
̲ס¶Ȱı飬񰡣˵Ķԣء˵Ժ϶㵱׹Ůۡͷĵİҵɣҿ϶áҲõġ
вġ
вͷԣҿ϶֡ȷʵǸ
Ůýš
񣬰ŸͣԺͰ۵׸һǲϢۿ϶㵱ۡ
ҶǶҲɶ˼

ҶһȻЩģǾԼܱˣզҲмܻء
˿ȣ񰡣Ҳõģ㵱һ㿴ƽʱ·ײϴ˭ҽôðû˭ˡ㻹ɶĵġﶼã
̾Ůѵ˵˻ЦŵǣԺ󰡣ɶҪɵģʹǣʹ
ռֵܺҶ
ʹʲʰɣզоǵҵĳ
Լɾûɶʵģڵľǵ˵֡
˸ɻĲʹ
ǵ˵ģ˵ĴʣǿǺܲ˵ġĻġ
жĿŴңллǣܶˡʵͦлҰµġ¹զģǡôҺõءҾرֵáҲм
ЦԴ۲мۼҵԵ֣Ǹһ˵ġƨϵûС
Ϊ˰ο̺үүתߣû˵ϲˣ鷴Ŀ˶
ϻ˷棬̺һһ͵Ľվǿһ顣
Ҫ֪ͲˣڼԿ࣬ˡ
ƲŮΪԼզˣǿ塣
ģɶбµǿ˵ġ
үү˵öԡ
ְ֮̾ˣˣԺ͵ûôӵġˣҲѹ˵Ҳϴôʱ䣬Ȳʱ䳤϶ѹ˵ˣ⻹вأôһ԰衣Ļ񰡡Ժ󶼱ˡ
үүҲ̾˿Ҳ϶˵˵
̵Ҳ˵ûӡ費۵Ůޣ˶ҪЦ
šүүе
ŮÿˣԼۡҪȥĵطˣֱϴҵмҲܻأǲ
ǺúǮԺðױ
̵ǻ˵ҶһͷĸˡԺӻǮҼ񡣡
ԱߵķҲɵ˿¶ôƪˡ
˵Ƕá
Ǿø໥ģͺǰˣǰˣҲǵһ
ȻʼռദΪ档ռԸˣҲǵ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ˡԺҪöˣü˶á
뵽ЦЦδġ
ڶ쿪ʼռ˹Ȼϵ¶һվǿˡǶˡ
Ҳûˣ̹Ȼ˴ҵĺ⡣һȵĳ緹
ųԷĹָ¶˸š
ڶﰲʱź⼸ͷĸɩɸϡ
ɾϲĿ
ɩӣɲùźĸǺĻʱ˯žֵܱػҪ࣬ش󡣡
Щģɶΰ
ĸˣ㸺𣿡
һͽˣǣǡ
ǻɩӸɶ
ȷʵ࣬ȷʵΣҲǴһλᡣֹɩˣһѧ㶫Ұһ֪ڳѧźĸ֮͸ʱɩӸѧѧѧˣɩԺҲûᶥϾ֪ҪǸɳɼˣҲлسǵģˣҪ˶档
°ɩܸҡ㿴զ
ɣ
̵㻹أɴѡҵˡ
°
Цẉ̂Ļࡣҿɲۣôˣ˳ˡҪɩᣬԺѧĻ࣬ɵʱ䳤ԺҸӳλøȵ 
ϵҸɣ
ôõĹ˭Űɣۼǲ̫ˡ
ҶǣҸɸĻð׸ôãڻûء
¶ͳĻһǻÿ֪ˮ㻹ûɶΣֲ۵ĻͲһˣۣδ󡣹һ㣬ܶ˾ͲҽˡֻҪ㵽ʱڶﶨأһ⣬ԱҪеӦΣǾû˸ֵġʱ͵ɩӡ˵Ȼû˽ӣۼҽˣۼҵˡ
Щģһĳ¶ˡ
Ǿ͵£պͻᲢ档Ҫˣۼһˣܰȥ˵ˣֻӦΣֲȫ𣬲ⲻ֮ҲΪĸش󣬾͵ĲĵԱͷ⡣ʱⲻ׷ǣʧ̫׷ˣҲⲻ𡣵ǼԼȳеܸܰɩһᡣ
°ɱԼӵӴȻƽʱѹŶϱҪǶϱҲϢǵȻáҶԼˡ
ڳеΣҲûɶӴӳ֣СŮҲʳãŽ㣬ûɶȥġ
ôˡ
磬Ϊӳʱ̰ѴӵڵһλԼԵҲû¶ⶼʱġӵԱȨҲҪе񡣡
¶ĵͷãǾô죡
극һȥĸ
һֱ˿ţ֮ǰɹԱҲûźĸľ顣ͦ˲ĵġ
Һãǿ׳ȻµطռͦãݺͿһ٣ǳ֮һֱ˯״̬ͦá
ӵĸɲҲһϲġ
֮ȥᣬҪĹµĺ͸ɻġ
ӸɲǶЩ˼
һʼֱӴǵ˼ĸֻͬ־ʵ˵ܸ㵽ǰ˴æġԺҪĸҵ·ӡ£
ǻûС
ɲǶû
Ҫǣͬ־֪ⷽʶǶû˻ĸҪãʧľӵľã˭ܸ𣿡
û˿
ˡ
Ҳͬ⡣۲ܹӲŰɡԺ˭Ǵӣˣ
ϻȻÿ
ӸɲҲˣˡؼǻûͷβûҲû⼼
ɰɣˡ
Ǿͬ־ɣû
лҪ˵ôôգ


57 
˸, ˸ɻ
Ͼͷĸ, źɲ̹һ˶ӵġ
ˡ
һʼҲû˵ҪɵλϾҪ˭, ܹе, ǲǷǵҪɽ
еΣǵ˵ġ
ӸɲǿʼƼ, ֱѹѹ֣ѡȲְ˵˵ٿ˭ʡ
ӸɲǶ
һӵСӳ⻹ɶְ𣬲Ǻ֮ǰһ𣿡
⻹治һ, ֮ǰ, СУһͷҲͶʮࡣĸﶼӵġĸļֵټӣǾ͵İˡ⼸ͷĸǮ, Լ㣿
ǧడ
һ֣ɫˡ
ǰ۶ͷ, , Ҳʧһ١۶ҧҧҲܳеοɲһ, ǹϵǶ﷢չĴ¶ǻǷһծءҪˣԼ
մ̾, 粻ĸˡֱʡ¶
ɫˣòˡ
󱦸磬뷨ͺиǰһԱǴ𲻴Ӧ۵ӸɲģҪΪΣͲȥԱȡ棬һֱԱǹӣӸɲŻɶ壿Ƕ˶ˣּվˣ˭ſţ
մ󱦱˵̧ͷ
ε񰡣Ҳ˵󱦣⵱ƵģǰѶĲƲҪ
ΣҵȻ󱦸硣۶ѲƲأԸոմӳ˵ҪȰְѡչĸ
ʵǻɶְ𰡣
ոձմɨӣɫҲã˵ҲˣչĸˣͿϸɸģǰӡҪЩĸһչ˵ġΪչĸθУȥ֮ǰҪǩģһ⣬Ҫġ
֣ڳĸɲﶼһ
ôҶǳԴģ˭û˵ҪŸɶġ
ʵɶΰ
ҪĸˣʧҪͶƽ̯ʧġеٷ֮ʮ˳еٷ֮ʮʣµİٷ֮ʮչĸƽ̯
ٷ֮ʮҲٰ
ǸڵĻ˭֪ɶʱͳ¶
һͷİ٣һͷ⣬ҲҪʮ顣⻹һΡ
һԺˣǲİ
ڴӸɲ˵İҲСǮ
Щͥ棬ô꣬һһҲʹһٶġ
Ҫǳˣǲ
մ󱦽ŵбҪô𣿡
Ժ֪ιϵ۶δбҪôŵġҪȻڽʱˣʧôţҲǳеһķյġԱƽʱɻҲ֪զµġ
ӸɲǵȻԱƽʱɻɶΪԴԸɻʱ򶼲Ǳŵġ
˭Ҳɵɡ
ΣҪ˳еġҪǲеǾ۶ɲԼе۲ܰѶĲƲ¡̣ˣҲ̣ԱĲƲ
ǺѧģŻЩɲǡ
һҪöɲеˡ
Լܵ¶˭ܰ
ҪôԼٸݼͥѡܹеεֳˡǿզӳأ
ҡҡͷʾûɶ
ҲûһܱۡԼеʧҪǿ
ͷҲУôԼѡ񡣸СȥСǼǱ¶Ҫ磬ϾͰĸȦźء

ɢ֮󣬸СӳͶضȥ¶ˡ
Ҳرæ
ֱ˿࣬ͰѴӵټ˵¶ڽѧУЩˣҲȥ
ܿ죬˾ͶյϢҲ֪˶İš
ܶ˶ȤģΪһʼ֪Լûϵ
ڶﻹҪ˸һΣǾ͸ûϵˡ
ϰռͥƽʱ뻹治ߣһһ¿ܾͼʮǮʱﻹǮһҪԴˣЩҲûɶǮ治Ǯ
һҲȫ˵ı񣬸ΪĳͥԱˡ
ЩԱǣûһ˱
ڹ˭Ըù
ϵʱСӳǺɲǾ͹㱨ȫһ̵ĿհףһûС
˵ˣǾ˵
һûУ
СӳεЦ
Сӳ۹λˣɴԸⱨ˭ҲҰ¶Ҫȫ˶ͬ⣬Ÿ¶һҲͬ⡣
ǲ⡣˻϶һסһġ
˵ŵСӵǴӺͶϱ϶ҲͬΪеհ
˵ˣǰﶼûĸûˡ
һ̵Ŀհֽţ̾˿û˵
զ죿۵
εǿ϶ҲûⰡ
ȻǱͰźõģͦģоɲԼһûð
ԼûãµΡҲ̫ˡ
ӳúûͷһĶԸɷİ
ϱɣɲ

ӻû

ǴӳҾʹͷдӳͷǻһأɴʹӼѡɡʱⲻⲻǻܴӹ𣿡
Ӹɲǣ
࿴˿ǴӼǷԱСˣϱҲɡ
ЦŵС磬ϱأܳ𣿡
СԼţû¶ڶ﹤ҪǸɲãͿҹʡ
ǳɣôţϱСϱǷģɲãҼһһеΣ
ɲεЦЦû
ϣȥͺ˵¶
ɸ˵Ĳˡ
Ϊӳϱ֮ʵɻҲûôˣҲøػǾòþ
СӶйɵĺģڼҲ˵ϻ;Ů˾͵ûӡرҪ˻ҪϢ
ԼҲиıһ¡
ڵóԸֻϲΡ
°ྯɰҪúøɰȻ˵ԸеΣҲܺ˭ǮҲǴġҪǳ˲ӣԺ㲻á
ɵͷ裬һŬġ
Цŵɩɶ㻹һֱͿɣҲ̤ʵȥ϶Ҳ渺ġ¶ʹڷգҪɶ¶ֻҪɩӾˣҲҪѹ
Ϊϱ˵°Ҳûɫˣ͵Ҳ˵˵̫
ɸϽ裬Ҳġ
̺һвϱúɶѧѧ˼ңѵɡ㣬˵һ䶥һġ
°

СС¶ҲԵĲˣ̫ðˣԼŪСлʱ׬ǮҲ¶
ﶼС棬跴Ч
˵ˣСԼҲŵҪǳ¶ˣԼĹе˸û˵ˡ
ϻϱ͵զô嶯ҸһҸɵĲզ죿ɵɵ
СڴݽţҲŲɵأ仯гϢˡ
ϱ˼Ҷ˵˺ˣãҪȻҲûµĶܵ֡
ɶ˼Ҵ۸Ŵߣ϶û¶зգ粻Ҳе𣿶Сģģ۾׳ŵһΡû׼ܸɵúأԺǱѧզ϶ҲȱúáԺۼҷּˣڶɣڼӲͺ𣿡
СĻϱʱЦ
С磬ԶҸ㣬ӹͷ
ڶ߾͹ֳ˵ӳϱɡǷԱСϱС졣
⻹˰ӡ顣
ԱǿϢֹˣ⻹˸ҳеΰ
˵ûһ˱ɲҲͬӳͰϱˣСҲͼ֣ԼϱҲˡ
ĻͿʼ͵͵ˡ
ⰴӡˣӦòǼٵİɣԺ˻Ҫ𡣡
ˣмٵġҼǿ쿪ʱ˵ Ҫǲù˸𣬾͵øɲ𡣡
˭Ⱑ
ǣû⣬ֲԼɵ¶ɶҪԼеӳ˵̣ܲĲƲɶԱģ˸𡣡
ӳû˵ĸǶģǿ϶̣ˡ
⹤Ҳɣͷӵĸ˵ϻҪֵء˯þ
Լûλá
ɺ֮ǰһֹǸô򵥵ġδ
ӳϱͦõġ
û˶ʾһ֮ɺͳСˡ
Ϊû˻ûɶ顣Ҳе鱾ѡҲҺĸûʱҪǸǳԺ˯þС
ͷÿһͷ˯С䡣
ָ£ƶһ
ÿ춨ʱιԵģд˸ʳסÿȦ֤ڽĻ
죬ͺˡ
ɺͳСŵĵͷ
ߵӹҲãΪѧüòÿ
ִĵط
ڲòű¶
ʱܺĺƣ¶
ѾˣҲı䲻ˣȥ֮ҪǸɵĲã϶Ź
뵽˵Щ˵ĻͲоҪȥ͸ģĺסǴӳ͹ϵҲãЩ֪Ҳ޿֪ȥ͸ģ׾ٰ
ǰᶾ̬֮ʼתˡ
ð¶ɺãѼѧᡣԻǾҧ̸ɻ
ϾǰҲϲˣֺ˻ǻġһô꣬ʵҲ̸֪Ϊô֪Լôˡ
׼֮ÿ춼̸ݲ裬ɻʢ
Ȼ򵥵ļ¶Ŵÿ˵ĺϲ£죬ˮЦеġ˵ԼӳˣϢˡ
ؼҲųˣѧ
Ҳ˵ĲˡŶڼʱ򣬾͸óԵġ
͵ԵҵûʲôҪ󣬾ѧ㶫ۼұϾǡģԺҲҪ
Ŵ󻢺οȹٳһ㣬ҾӰࡣ
ʵҪ磬ġǼﻹиСŮȫ˶ָԷй䣬ְλҲСɲʾõøߣƽʱŪôܹӡ
ҲܲϲټȥӰ࣬͵ôѧͽʼٵĿҶˡŵԼǮ»ӰģˣȹŮҪʱͺϱŮǶŮǡȹŮҵλˣٺϱ顣Ϊ˺ӣίҲûɶ
ҲʵҲģûͬ⡣㻹СȥӰۼûˣܽӰҲݹʣۼԺбˡ
Ҳû뵽ԭԼôĽǻйǣ϶ҲȥġԸ磬ԼҸŮͬ־ٻسǡ
ڿľˣȻܱ󡣱ֵ¸ɻҪá
밲ȫ
ôһ룬ӼᶨҪֺü̸ľˡ
֣ллǣǰǵˡԺŬġ
ŴЦû¶ǰС£ǲ㡣
ҲжĨᣬЩǲףٻ֮ԼڶӺɷ֮ǰˣ㳤ˣΪˡ
֣ңѧˣԺ⡣
ҿ϶ʲô̸ģҶӣһģҪ̸ġ
ʵ֣ƽʱй¼ʱ䲻ѧ꣬ҪҿԼһ飬ȥѧ
ŴΪѵУҵҡ
ЦЦֺԼ˹ȻֺҪ׶ˡ
ϣŴ󻢵ķһֱš
۾űʣŴ󻢾ڱţ˵һ䣬ͼ¼һ䡣
ˣǸˣдĲãĻдĺá
ЦҲΪΪۼˣҲŲءҲǣûоûУɶƭӡ
Ŵ󻢲˼ĨӣѵúҪһˣƽʱɶʼǰʮľ鶼أҲòܲʧ
жЦЦ
⣬ҹϲתԼС档
صӵʱѾʮ֮ˡ
ĸҲźĺܺãռȵİ仧ˡ
֪ӺǻרŰȥͷ
˻˶ͷЩһˡ
ǰЩС˼ûôˡ
Ҫǻ֮ǰܿ˲̤ʵ
ھͺö 
ܺã쵼ôͷĸδͷСĴ
Цŵͬ־ϲ㣬ѾΪռʹˣǶϵġԺϾѹǶҪĵˡ
ȵѾˣҪ飿Ϊ֮úЩҽһ߸
ҴӦ¶Ȼǵðˡ㣬ûܸ¶ˣתȥݲ衣
գ
ø˶˲赹ˮ
Ĳ鲻ԸĸһȹĲˮ˳ȥ
Ǿʹ졣
Ȼ˵һĵλͲͬˣǰҪֺգһˣջøݲ衣
һڣһڣͲͷ̵ˡ
զˣ
û¡ҡͷ
ЦŵҾͺ㽲Ŀǰ״ԼԺҪĹ
¶ûɶӵģͰĿǰԱ䱸ԼĿǰĹ˵һ顣
˵˸Ҫеٷ֮ʮε¶
ӱȺˮҪеٷ֮ʮ
ڰ칫ϣɶɶ£
ǻǺܲƽЩ⣬ôΡ
ǶŻ˵ģͷĸ㻹ˣ١˲㻹ôҲǸˡҪô˵ôڣֱܲ˵ⶼҺŪİɡ˵ˣһˣеζеԺôɴ¶ҪǲеҵҲСԸеΡҲ˵ûᣬ˵㻰Լġ

ǻˣҳеͳе
ЦŵͶˡͬ־͸˵ʵģ¶ˣⲻۻҪɣ
ͷôˡ
ֽŵȥ͸ǲǣ

Ȼ˵Цģ֮һĿܶѡ㶼ѧôˣֵָ㣬ҶʮġһԸֻ֤Ҫˣ֮ڣҾسǡҰֹϵС
һģ
ʮ϶Ҵƭˣ˵ꡣҾԲꡣҪŬҲһˡ
ʱ䶼еĳŵＤĲˡ
ԭ˵ģǿ϶Ҫȡ
Ҫڻسǣǰȥˡ
ҲûƭȻŮͬ־ͦµģôʱҲûƭ֪ǣ˵鶼ˡ
ҿ϶úŬġ
̸껰һҲûͿʼˡ
˵⡮רҵʿļ룬ȷʵһ
ôҲںѧϰģСʱȻϲҲĿȾολְֵָ㣬˱ʼǻˡҲˡ
ģĸԼֵµԱ񣬻һʱ䣬絽ÿʱΣӦĹš
һ죬ϻͺ˵ĹһΪĸԱˣ˯ͺˡɺãǲι̫࣬ĸɹ̫Ҫĸתת˯ˡÿҺС춼ҪȥһȦ˵жࡣ
⻹пѧݵģɩǾͶһ㣬˵ЩѧˣڶԺ϶ûġ
Ժְҵ·ǲóɹˣҲɣɣԺĸ￪ˣҲ
ЦҵǲۣҾǵϹ֣ʱʧ󡣡
û¶Ҫġ㻹ءһ˵ɱʱͶ౨һҲ˶١
ȷʵ˸ġֹΪ⳥⣬ָŻسأÿҹ඼ҲֵˣԼסˡ
˼죬۵Ĳ
տûۿѰ˼ֵػ۶ˣ˵ͼʲô
Цŵ˼˼ء
ҡͷǺʱ䳤ˣҲˡԺܡ
ֹգЩ֪Ҳ͸
⹤ãǻҪȥҶ￹һµġżأͳˡҲ̫ˣҸɻĻá
ֵصġ
ԽļᶨҪϽʦľˡ¶ﵽʱָǵʲôְ֮񣬰ǲá
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


58 
ÿĿ, ߵ˷ 
ɵ˵, źĸ, ǾͺźŮһϸ¡
ȥ, ȷʵ״̬ա
ռ߰£ִһȦ
ĸԤѮ, Żһµʱ䣬ҽѧͽҲûˡ⵹ǲż
Ƕµ׵ʱѧУ߽蹤Ҫ깤ˡ
ԱΪ˲󴺲ǼӰӵĸϹһŵĽҺͽʦôƽˡʣ¸Ƭˡ
һӸҲô¶ˡ
ѧУǺ֮, Ȼûѧ, ʵҲҪʼ׼ˡϾѧУж˶֪ͳѧǰְ࣬ȥ鱾Ԥ, ҪˣαûУǲЦˡ
Щ¶Ҫʦġ
ֻ֮ǰ˵Ҫ֪һ, ԿԵûô, ŵ³, ôæʱμӿԡ
֮ǰͺŮ֪ˣŮ֪ȥʦȥ, ⳧Ļ֪Ͷ˾
׼Ȱѳ߰׵ðŮ֪ŵѧУ棬Ȱѹ
ռ͵Ů֪࣬Լһʮһˡ
иնǲġֻаŮ֪ȥʦˡ
𿴰˸˺ܶ࣬ǷҲ䲻˶١
ڿʦ֮⣬кʦ̵ʦ׼ѧУ濪ȤࡣרŽں˵ͨӢԺӳˣǹҸĸ￪Ŵչʱ򣬿϶ӴˡѧδŲԿҲҺ˼ͬ־¼еġеһڼǰҾѾѧϰӢˣǷܶࡣ
Ժ߿ָˣЩ֪ʶҲ￼ռơ
ŷλŮ֪ĸλﶼЩŮ֪ϱǺ÷䡣
ѧߵģͱźڴдѧǰࡣѧɼõģʹ꼶׼У
УλãԼ϶ҪȡġȻڵ˴ӳƴӣǴĻҲУЩٻ˼ʱ䳤Ӱ첻áѧУҲսȿһӣź˲С
˸ŵķ䣬¹ͰŮ֪ǽа칫ҿˡ
æŸݲ衣ڸɶˣɵԽ˳ˡҲûòãϾˡ
쿪ᣬǶİšҴ˵һ£ģ˵ᡣ
һаţʱŵĿ
ͰԼдְ˵һ顣
֮ǰҲ˵ģҪʦģߵĹʺͬ־ҽ찴֮ǰϣԼҶǵĹšͬ־֮ǰһֱŮ֪鳤ܶˣ˺أУҾúܺʡ˵İţҲǸʵŵġҲ뷨
ȵҵУ𣿡
õģҪǲУʱٸˡ

Ů֪ҲûɶǸʵŵġѧߵͻĻˮƽⶼûıġ
ҵʦܱڼ׳Ҫġ
һȦǶûҪ뷨͵ǾôˣҴȥʹӲǱǳﾡйԡ¹֮Ǵ죬ȻǿʼµĽɫˡ
ôתˣŮ֪Ǹ¶Цݡ
Ůֵ֪ǣҲܰʦУȥ𣿡
֪סĲ̹ķӳʪ©ꡣҼסһ治
½õĵȻҲСֻܰһŴ󴲣ש߷
Ѿ޸˵Ů֪ҲֵҲܰ𣿼ＷǼ޵˼˿ڶ࣬رǼֵܺӴˣǷӾֵûš
ЦȻܣʦҲ˵ǵúúøɣҪǸɵĲãӿҪջġ
ôǸɵúã
ľ
ȥԷʱȺ˵¶
߳Էʶĵͷ˼¾òԾôʦȰˣӵ֪ûٸλˣǻ᲻᲻
еģ⼸ֻ֪мǽģСѧ꼶ĥźӶ࣬զһ꼶ҲҪࡣʮˡ׼ÿһʦһѧʦҪʮˡ⻹г꼶Ҳġ⻹ʦλء
죬飬Ҳ֪ʦôİ
Ҳʦ᲻̫ǰȥ棬Ǳһʦء
ͷ֪ǹôġ
Ϊɶǵö෢ʰ
磬ۿٷһ㰡Щ֪࣬Ƕֱܸ㹤֣ʳ
ⲻһ𣬿֧󰡡ҲӳĽɫ¶Ҳȫˡ
ͦοϾɲ֪δڣ֪ǶҪ뿪ġЩҲǺȷġ
Ľ͵磬֧Ȼп֧ҲҪһ⣬Ǿδ֪Ƿسǵ⡣
ҶȤԺ֪ܻسǣǲܿʼһˡ
㣬ջ˼ǲ²⡣
°Ҳ˵ԼŮԴ˵
֪Ƿسǣǲ֪ǣǵ׼ѽ׻˵úãԶǱнǡ۵ðǰ档ôһˣ֪඼ˣѧУûʦˣʱզ죿
һ㶣ǸҲͦҡ
Ը磬Ҫ䱸㹻ʦ֪ͱʦһ֪ˣʦҲǹġҶڱصʦĻˮƽЩΣ֪ǴǡԺϤˣ֪ߣûӰ죬ֱӰһʦȫû⡣
еȻֵĵһ֪һֱզ죿
Цˣ磬㿴Ҳãͽ׳ѧУˣǱש߳أ㻹ң֪һֱߣԺǵĵطأֱӰűĸλͳˡ
̿ԼŮôܵཾˣٿԼӣЩôˣ𻹲֪ô
ⲻǵӳģɶ¶
ίĿүүүүͷԷһۣ̼вˡ
Լ͸˵ˡͷȥˡ
ٿԼ衭
°զ˵զѧŵ㡣
Ŷ
ûЩģԴһˣǱ߲ͬզ죿֧Ӵˣð찡ҲῼôġҲŻǣϴ¶ŻסˣҪŻûɶЧˡ
ŵ磬ͷİɣǾԻֵ֧ġ
磬ȱȥ칫ңԼȥ˰칫ҡȥ֮󣬴ڡֱӰѰ칫һء
εզˣ
Ҹûʹ¶
մЦˣôӳ֪
Цһ֪أ֪˿϶ͬ⡣
մʵǮ¶
ࡣ߹ȥС⼸ĥʦ¶ҳǶˣԺ󾭼ûԽԽˣҾһЩ뷨۶Ҳû¶ɣóĻˡ
ʵզ
ѧУʦ׼ӽʦλһ۶˲и¼ȡĻⲻǣ
ͰԼÿ༶ʦļƻ˵һ飬һʦˡ
Ĵ㣬ɲǶʱﶯ˶ôԼҪǲμпͶ˺üְ
մ󱦵ûô࣬Ǯˣö໨ǮǮ̫٣ҲⰡǵҺڵġ
֣۾ȸһ㹤¡ܱµظɻðɣԺЧˣٸȥۼ׳ʦ⡣ҪǣĻ˻ᣬܲǼ׶ˣǲǣԵǵĸĸǵࣿ
ͬУɻиʮĹŮŵʦءͬǣ⻨ôʱˣɶҲǣȷʵͦϧġⲻȥࡣ۶ѡɲǲѡĻ𣿴󱦵ƣҲΪ˲лᡣ
մ󱦣
ɲǣֿܲģֵܹģҲÿԡ
ΪɶÿأȻҲϣ˶һЩᡣ˭һûĻ˰
մ󱦵ĵɶʱЧð
׳־ֻҪͬЭǶһԽԽõģ۴ҶŬﴴգֻҪ׬Ǯˣ۾͸ʦǹʣҲͷ
θ˵˵ĶԣǵôաǴ ܸǹʡ
ͬ⣬һİƣҶû˷ԣҸˣһ˵ȰȰȻ۾һͶƱͬ⣬զ
УôˡɲǷ׷׵ͷͬ⡣
Ѱ칫ſˣ٣֮󣬴
⵽ǳɻǲɰ
Ϳˣ磬ոǴ¶ɶû
˵
ǴӸɲ궼رиɾҲδģǾöԴӵĽҪһЩÿలŶʦʦרĴһ࣬÷ġĺӱȽϴ
˵֮ȻܻӶĸǴҶģŽһ£϶ܹգ㸺ڻ¡Ϊ˺ǣԸŬΪ﷢չס磬أ
졣
ҪźõģҪ⻰ˡ
Ҳ֪զЩ˵ģӴͬˣ
ʵҵأ⻹Ҫͬ⡣
ͬ⣬Ƕͬ⡣ξֵ
Ҳ֡
˴ᣬ岻ݴǡ

лҪ˵


59 
ӸɲǶû, Ȼ, , զ˵Щ˵ġ
ɶϣ
ûа, Щ˶ʶöģԼ;ԼûЩ˴, ˼ࡣҲǾϵԼ¶϶֪ô˵ԺҪѧѧҪȻԺβסЩˡ
ЩѶȵ¶Ҳͨˣ˳˵˸򵥵İţӳǼ׳Ů֪, ׼ǰȥѧУʦѧУⶥ֮, ܶ¶Ҫǰˣܵſѧ
Ӹɲǵû˵ɶϾ֪ʦͱǷֿģռ, ûɶӰ졣
ֽŵǵʦ֮λճ, Ҿ׼ö˺֪п, ҲһЩѡĻ, 뵱ʦĿ׳ˡλλҲ˵ռ֪
⻰Ӹɲǲжˡ
⵱ʦһܿ, Ҫлڼ׳˾͵ˣûϻлμһʦԡⲻͻ𣿶Ҽ׳Чðÿ¶ʵģʱﻹǷء
ܺڵĲֹԱ˵ҳųɣǲܵѧУ¶
մҲ֧֡ܵǺŽģЩȽŮ֪඼ˣܵܿɾϹˣԺҲࡣ
ͦõġ
ҲͷжĻᣬȻǶĻá
硣أ
Ȼɣû¶ͳɡ
Цŵǿ̫ˣһţ۶кöˡ
Ӹɲϲɫ
ԽԽˣӸɲҲԽԽζˡ
磬Ϣ֪ͨʽڴӵˡͨѶԱôͭ࣬ͶϢԼȥӲ֪ͨ
һййصģЩˣȥӲϢкҪμйĸϽȥûйģҲҪ֡
ʦйһ֮˷ܵˡ
һϢļҲ˵Ĳˡ
һ׳ȻҲҪйˡеĸλҪڳй
֮ǰһйҪԵ֪ͱĻꡣҲǶ԰֡
Ϊ֮ǰֻ˵ѧУҪʦû˵׳Ҫʦй¶Ա˵ľϲˡ
ϴûϣΪ˿ʦѾڼŬѧϰˣ϶ϴοҪõġ
ЩûԷӲˡ
֪ͺܸˣȻ˵׳ҲйλˣֻҪڲȡλ
Ϊ֪ʶ˵ȻǸ뵱ʦġ
ֱŮ֪ȥռ˽ʦζʣµЩ֪͸ˡ
Ϊ鸴ӣҲûȥӲ׳ȥ׳
Ҳ֣Ǿòþ
֪ΪʲôҪôšôŮǲǲ̫Ůƽȵ˼룿ɶµʱǲҲ뵽ͬ־
Ķˣ˼Ҳ죬Щ֪˼뻹̫ˣΪʲôҪһϧסɴ಻ˣԼȥšͲͬ־βסǵġ
ڿŸһ˱ôӵϡ
˵¶Цˣȥæɣû¶
ȺһûϢô찡ˡһδεģ졣
ȿεıְɡ
Ƭ̣֪Ǿˡ
ʮСӣվڼ׳Ժ棬Ҳû
´ɱӾͳˡ
СǿˣʱЩš
εѵ֮ڿ񣬶Щڡֱܵѵ
Ӵôûȥ
֪Ƕû࿴˿˵ȿڡ
üû¶˵æʰģ
Ӱ칫ܳ˭æˣϽİȫǻңʰ˺°డҶˡ
֪û
յסʲôɻģôʲôܵģ
֪ǻ࿴˿ͷͽ˳棬ˮͰȥˮȻڵˮɨɨء
Ů֪ǵϢϢˡ
ǴɨˣͶ´ɱӽ˰칫ҡ
һֱ¶ˣֳŴ׼°ؼҡ
Ů֪Ǹ˲ѣЦԺæ͵ǰˣͷָס
ͷ֪ͱﲻסˡ
֮ǰ⻪ͷڵģ⻪֪е⻪ȥѧҽˡû˴ͷûɶ˵˼̧ͷ鳤Ů֪ȥʦ¶Ҳ֪ˡǣǾá
ռˣƽ

֪ûڣһô¡
ͦ˵Ů֪ǾͲˡ
ô¶ôأ
յеôߣ
֪ǾЩǵҲ˵ҪŮ֪ʲôҲƫ̫ˡͺͶһϵѧһʲô¶Ůͬѧˡ˵Ůƽ
ЦˣЦЩ֣ˣָͷ㣬ⶼڼˡԺ鳤Ҳˡ
֪϶Щš
ε飬Щӵ˶֪Ϊ˭Ů֪ǵʦɵ㣬Ǿ㲻ʦҲǰ϶ĹˡأϾֵֻܼءֻʦǽԵǼӵ֪࣬˱ǾԼһܿϣ
˵꣬һˮָָļ׳Ӽ׳мⲿֳɼõģÿԿˣ֪ľʣµĳɼģеļʲǸҷķģⶼΪ˭ƽ޹ʵĸѧУôʦλǮеûţ˵˵ǵΪ˭
Ů֪ҲԼóλãֱ̫ΰˡ
ΪȺ֪ǡ
֪඼ҪϵŮ֪඼Щˡͬ־զôûأ
֪ǸǱ˵ɫȥģ䲱Ӷ˵ˡ
ǣҲû˵ʲô֡Ǿûͨ
ǰ鳤ûôһȥ
֣Ǿͻȥú롣ôˣôͺһġ˵ˣҶǹ御ˡ
յǣֲ裬ǳԺ⻰ϴ·ʱѧ˼Сϱ˵ģش
񣺡
֪ԼŰŰˬޱȣɶûı䣬Ů֪Ǹ˻һ顣
ȥ·ˡ
ںסˣҲס֪㣬ͺ֪ǵԼȥú롣鳤ĹˡˣҲʮأҲǷǵģǶǷġ˵ˡ
֪Ƕûȥ·쳣Ĭ
ص֪֮Ҳû˵
һ̧֪ͷ˿ңҾãǺЩˡ
Աߵͬ־ͷһ
˵鳤ȷʵͦչǵġ
ѧУҲΪǡ
˵Ҳǣһλ⻪Ҳ˹ᡣ۾Ҳˡһģŵġ
λô˼ӸλŮ֪໻ڡ

оʲô¶ΪǰΪǲġ
ȻĿǰǻûܵκεĸͺô
ʵʵڵĻѾˣǰˡ˭Ҳܷ鳤Ϊǵĸ
ԺҲˣҲȥˣû
ҲȥˣͦڵġǷ˼̫ˡ
Ժлˣҿ϶ر鳤ġ
⻰ֵЦˣûȥˣʲô᣿
˵ǻ˶ʱû׼Ժͻȥأ˵׼ﶼŵġ
ȻЦҲ⻰˵ģ鳤ǻǺ˵ġ
ԺлһҪ鳤
֪֮ĥ¶
Ǿ֮ǰ˵Ļеɼõľȥʦɼõľڼ׳ˡ
Գɼõļ֪;μ׳ĻᡣϾμйԿˣǾͲȥʦˡ
ֲǳɼãûҪ׳
ʣµһ־ǳɼôμˡֱӾͷˣʱϴһҲӸм񡣾ǰÿ˶˽ȥˡÿ˶˺õİš
ߣΪ֪¶ˡ
Ҫ֪е⣬ôġ
ˣҲ֪˵ˣԺǣǳԸѵ
һȺүǣ¶Ůͬ־ԽԽôˡ
û£˶ɳġνİڰ֡
ʮʮأҲˣ⡣
Ͼ֪ȷʵŮ֪ɼҪһЩƾ¿˵ôҲȷʵǲƽû취˭ҲиԶء쵼ģȻϲԼ˳ֵԱˡвŻͷѱҲӲѽ
ЩѱĲǣ͵ñĥһ¡Ժָ߿ˣϴѧǾأȷɲ
жˣ˿ررáϣԺܹһֱ㹤쵼á
ĵЦЦ
ûôá
ڶ죬Ҫ׳֪ʵʵȥ 
ǲһڶļѾʮ˱ˣνǾҡ
Ӹɲǿ֪౨ڸпûΪǲϡλءʵǶȥʦã֪ʶȻõʦˡ
⻰Ȼû˵ף⻰˼֪ǻˡ˼ǰͲǲ׳˾ܰ׳ռˡ
֪ǣÿи鳤š
ҪȻӲ϶ú
ȥ·ϣˣͿĴкŲ˼
ҲûǼƽϵ˼úÿȡϡۣܱһֱֵغáһ߳ģҶġ
֪æĵͷǲ˼ˡ
Цȥɣúù㾺ҲҪŬóɼ˶ȲϣЦҸȡġ
ͷȻϽˡ
ĵͷ
ˣǸͷѧϰŬƴû¶¶
׳й¶оˣΰŵҲ˳
ѹòģȫŸЩŮ֪ȥɡ
һѡѡ
׳һ˳˸λ֪˲μӣ¼ȡĸ˱˶࣬Ҳ¼ȡĸ
ѡȥˡ
֪ͨ⼸˾׳ӹ
Ů֪֪ԼҪͷˣµһ˵ĲˡϽͿʼ׼ӹˡ
¼ȡҲļ繫ˡ
֪ûʽϰ࣬㹤֣ҲԸϤ¹˸һ
ż׳˽˳ģԱǶں¶ˡ
ٻôԼƤӵ˰ǹʦģΪԼҺûɶ飬ûᡣ
ϧӴˣҲˡֻСȥˡ
Ϊ¶ö˾͸ѧУ㿪ˡԼҺ飬Ժкù
׳ӣҲͽ죬ͽˡ
֮Ů֪Ǿʽİȥסˡ
Ȳסש߷ˡ
֪൹˵ģŮ֪ǰ
Ů֪ʰ֮ȥͶøЩεŮʦӹˡ
񰡣ѧУ¶ˡһְġ
ЦûͶƱѡ٣ҲʽУⲻɶ¶ʹӳʾһ𣿡
̬һʱϰ߲
㱨ɡ
ͰЩŮʦĹŻ㱨һ顣
Ҫǰȥͳͯ䡣ѧѧǰĸ鼮׼˰ѧУ߰칫ңҶʰǰȥСѧǱѧϰѧһѧ
ͦеһĵͷ
һ׼ѧУȫ깤ˣҲѧУţͿࡣ
ɻⲻǻûѧʱ𣿡
ǰҿް࣬һ㵥λῪġѧģԵҲǳˡҲһģҲԵҲǳˣԵǶﲻʶֵĳˡû֪ʶͺױɡϣĸһ֪ʶˮƽֻѧҲУֽܿ
ͶˣǸɨä
εɨäҲˣúѧûԸϵġ
ЦŵβֹҪϣۻҪѧѡ
մˣզգ
ߵʦȥֻҪѧ˽ްģͨԵģǳϵѧǺйǳѧģμӿԡ
εǣǲǺܶ˶п𣿡
ӸɲҲ뵽 
Ȼ˵㽨裬ԺѹҲܴ󰡡رǻӵˡ
Цҡͷ̫ˣ룬ͨĺѧãްѧѧã⾺һˮƽϰ
մ󱦵Ҳпѧĺá
ЦǾ͸ˣҪôһӳǻĸˡ˿˽ްйǻѧУѧѡ
ü¶һ㶮ı顣
մЦ͡
԰ۻҪúỵ́ʱǴֻкõģûвõġѧѶˣʦǲǹˣ
մæĵͷƻãӳҿɡ
ӸɲҲúã࣬Ժ๤ˡ
ҲУǰŰɡ
лҪ˵ҳٵˣҳٵˣҳٵˣ


60 
ѧУһ̯¶, Ҳ񶮡ȷе˵ʵҲ, ֻܲװ, Ȼȥѧ
ܺڵʦȥ֮, ͸ʣµļʦһȥСѧѧϰ졣
¶ġ
Ϊĸ¶Ƿռʹӵծ, ֱ֮Ӹˡ
ⶼС⣬ʱѧˬ
ЦŵллԴӵֺ֧Ͱ
εûʲôﻥ, ϴĸǸ¶, ˵м֧𣿡
߲Ϊ˶࣬ĸҲãԾûᡣ
Ц, Ȼֻ뿴Ǳķʽѣѧϰ
⵹Ҳ, ͷ, Ǳֻһ, Ҳźĸ߲Ҫ߰˹ȥѧ˲Ŷ, ŵĹǱһ˶Ĳˡ
չĹȻֱӰ˵ģĻֲ˼ˡ
ĵҲ֪ռʹӵļԱǲ͡˹ȥ˵ɡ
У߾Ͱ˹ȥ͸鷳ˡ
Цŵ˵ﻥˣô
ΪˣλܿĴȥҹСѧͳеУУǰѧϰ
СѧУǵǼҪѧĿĿֵʱ򣬾ʵλͬ־أ
ѧ

ѧզУ
УһٿһҲȵΣҲûˣֹţѡʮСﵱУ֣¶ģ
°Ҳڸûɶ˵Ȩˡ
ҪǷڹȥһЩˡ
Ů֪ǶȥѧϰˣֱӺУڰ칫̸ȰѧУܹ֯ͼһٰУһĹܽᣬȹܽᣬйܽһ֪Ҫɶ¶ˡһѧͦǲУ̵ûɶ
һֱŮͬ־̫ˡġ
ҲûˣУ̲ס֪డ֪ͣôһλУ𣿾СѧУҲҪе͵ģοѧУųС
Цŵûҿѧûһʼͻᵱ۶ȷʵбʹˣҲûҪǵУҲҪһʼѧǸ˶֪˵ѧϰǿҾԼܺʡ
УˣҲˡڵĺӶ飬ѧ־ͻȥֵˡѧĺòҲ
ЩȥѧģָƼģǿϵαġ
УֵأҲֿѧֵغͲѧֵء֪ʶɶʱõġǰѧУĿҲһҪͺȥѧǶнӴ֪ʶĻᡣ
УֿƬ̣ȻЦˣҲǶԵġúѧȡУˡ
ӵġ
λεŮʦ˳ϳ֮󣬾˳ķԼѧĶ
Ȼʦλʮϲһ¶ֺ˵Լ顣
ʦðʦôຢӽ̺ˣرгɾ͸С֪ܲ
ǰоʦҪѧöණһҪ°ѿαٿϿεʱԼ˵⡣
úϲѧ̫ˣǶ˯ˡ

˷ܵҲͦ˵ġˣԼϲĹŻ顣
ǶδŸɾ
ЦҲʯͷӡҲһǵѧЩʦĽѧʽҲԼķʽѧĿԾÿֻһ࣬ԺԶҪġԼŰ졣
ô˵Ů֪໥࿴˿ȻЦ
ۻͦڴȱȵġ
˶λεŮʦ͸ϽܻȥϰˣҲ׼ռҵģ֮ǰ˵¶ȥ
ʵƽʱҲһۡ˽һĸĶ̬
ò˵ȻϲΪ˻سǣҲǹƴġ֮ǰΪ˻سǣ϶ܷ£ڿϻȥҲˡ
ˡ֮ǰֵÿĸ򽻵ȫĻˡ
ˣͿһۣҲû˵
Ͼÿκ˵ҪԿ
˹Һ˵ϢǱҪҪѧϰͷܶæˡ
ͷ
Ҳɳûֺù磬ջسǡ
⣬ģ
ͷȻҲϣԼسǡԸ𣿡
ԸԸߣ
ǰͷĸ˹ʮͷĸ
ĬĬһ飬ͷĸܹسˡ˹ʮͷĸҪˡ
ҲˣЩɣǲǲҹϵسǣԹȥ磿
ҲߣҪռ͡ͷҪûˣȫġģûôûӡҪسǡ
ȵĿȻĵͷȻ˼ԽԽˣܲͬ־ġʵҸҲ̽ģҪߣҲͬϾȥ˹磬ǻ𣿿϶аȫͣͣ
ųһ亹
ЦŵҴӦ¶ҲԲᷴڣ˵˲꣬Բᳬꡣͬ־ʵͦģģ㿴ѾɼˣⶼǿԼ˫ֵõġ
ĸᡣ
ͣʣ겻ˣʱܻسˡȥ֮ǳ﹤ˣĺģסλҸλĶ󣬹ͬü԰
ֿԼסԱߵСݣᶨһúġ
Ҫ̤̤ʵʵģһĿ굽ס
лҪ˵ôôա
״̬ѡ


61 
ϻռ, ֺ˵˹Ҫ˹ѧϰ¶
ҲǸջ, ûȿˮ⻰, ŵˡ
绹ѧϰ
үүҲ˷ܵ, Ҳѧϰ
ЦŵȻ, ۸ɵúãҪѧ
ȫû뵽һ칫绹Ҵѧ
＼𣿡
ȻУǿںѧġԣ, ԺһҪӼ㿴, 綼ôӣ㻹ɶӵأԺֻҪһֱڹǰ棬绹ܲ㣬㣿
Ͽɵĵͷ, ȻҲˣҪѧӼ
ΪҪѧϰ¶, ܿ, ϳԷһ㡣
֮, 쿪ʼѧϰ¶
ⰲȥĶǷڶЧʱ֪Ҳѧϰ˱, ֻ֧֡
ͷһøСӳȥģ¶ɵģǿưɡ
ǿƣԸԭ򡣱ϾǳˣǿҲá
Ҳô룬ҪǸǿƵģʱ̫Ѷˡ
ҶҲȥѧ
ͻȻҶ
²ؼĳŷҭˡ
ҶӹĹĵǣǲ˵ǿ𣿡
˭ո˵ĳǿƲõģǲ¶ء
ۼҲһ˼ҺòãûϵͲһˡһԺҪȥ쵼ģһԺҪ޵ȥģäԲԣ
°ԣ֪ΪҶõģȻȫ֧֡
ҶӣԹȥѧȥᣬҪϧ
⻹ѵõĻᡣڶԼѧУûôϸǱϾҲЩĻˣֻûжѡȥȡʱ֮øƾСѧԺҪǽ˳ǣǹרҪõġҪȻΪΪɶУǻΪ˸ṩ𣿡
δ̫ˣҶЩĶΪʱӻȥЩԥҪҪΪδڻ̹ӡ
̲˵飿ȥý˸˵סûϢĶҸͳˡ
׼һӵöʱֱˡ
ǿѧѧɡ
үүҪ˵Ҳίǣ֪඼ȥֵˣզˣίˣǣѧãвĳǡҪǲǣҳ
вģ
¹Ҷզģڶʱ򣬵ֿˡ
˵ǹѧϰ¶ҲôԺһ¡
˵˳Ҳܼ¶
Ժйѧģö˷ˡ
Сӳǻ˵ˣֹǴѧҲѧЩʦȥͳƵʱ˳һ£ѾҪˡ
ռʹӱͶġһϢը˹ˡ
˻ѧܲμйԡĶҲᡣ
ǻԺ󲻶Ķ
˼ȥﷴ¶ӵĻᣬզأ
۶ȥ껹ΪˮԴ¶ϺӴǱ߲أɶǰ
ʱɲǽɶ֣Щн֣춼꣬ǽֵóԿǳ˵֪ż
ѧУǹ绮ƬѧУ飬۲飬ⲻǲϹߣǵʱ۶Ҳˣ
ʵǣй¶
۶ôô㣬ˣǾ۶ӱȲڴӵģ
ǵȻûУλ˶ˡ
ͶˣҪǶģǿ϶еġҪһʼǲμйǲ˵ˣʱȥٱ˵ƶũ۴һ׼˵ĳƺţ۶ﲻ𣿡
ɶ£¹ߣ½׼ˡô˵ʱ֪զˡ
ҲͦίһΪ˶˿ǣǵһΪѴˡ
Ҳеˣλ岮۾ͱˣҸɶȥ׼ţʮˣúˡ

ҲûĸϽʱֻ࣬ҪȻʦǸϽÿ극һڿΣ¹֮ڿΣߵơϽıûˡĴӿɶʼˡ
ôһŻµǸϽؼҺͼˡ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵĺˮа취
ûɶǻô꣬ǽɶرϵ¶ġһΣ´ΡܴܲδáǴӳֻҪΪӺõģͱԼΪı䡣ҪȻ첻¶
ͷֵŵռ͵ġ
ͬ־ǹҸɲ㣬㲻ùʧ
Ҹɲ
ͷ̫ˡ
һǹҸɲ𣿡
Ȼ֯ϳϵġµ׾ҪͶƱʽġ
ԼĿڣԣûǹҸɲҵ
лҪ˵ôôա


62 
ռʹҼһûˡʮǰɨäǻ, û⵽Զ, Ǯȥˡ
ЩСѧûҵǻѧУɢ, ܶ˶ʶ־ͻˡЩֶûȫ
֮ǰй, ûоȣöҲЩź
ڶô, ЩϽҲ뷨ˡ
رҶδ궼Ҫȥѧˣ͸Ӿúˡ
Ҫǲãӳһܵôһȥ飿
ǿ϶кô
Ҷǰ棬˾ƺҵ˷һģá
ĳ֮ǰȥһͨûɶ֮󣬻ҲӦԼȥѧϰ
ҪȻл, ͱ˱Ķ𣿷Ҳѧ, ֻ۹֡ۺԼĹ֣ҲӰ첻
һЩûϽĵҲŪȥ
һʱ䣬˻ͦࡣ
ӹѧϰԱռô˱Ҫ飬, ô˱Ƕôѧϰ
Ц, Ϊ, ԱܵӰˡ
ļԱۿЩˡĵռ͹Աôߣ
ִЩµļԱȥ
ԱҲ, ûƴ˼Ҹզզʱ°ࡣÿιþˣĶòġ
Կ㲵ӵʱ, ִһ
ǽԼ֪ͬ־
һ⻹֪࣬ϵ£ﶼи֪Ӱ
ϴģٿȦ
ЦŵǶͬ־Ϊ˸ġ
Ҳһˣ⣬ͬ־ˡ
֮ǰŮͬ־ͬ־ͺˡһ˶һ
΢΢Цһ£Ǻãӭӭ
Ա˸£޲عȥǼⴿ

ܿްࡣٷ֮ʮŵĶռʹӵˡ
ʵӱûϾֻһ£öҲ֪ϢҪĿҲӵģӵ̼ռͱ˶ѡְλҲ˲ôˡֻһ˼չռ͡
ֺû죬ռСѧҲ䶥ˡשߣʱŪҲûôݳޣƤװ档ʱʹ򿪴ҲûɶӰ졣ʱϣ￪ơ
ΪռôһСѧҽĻôש߷ӵԱܸˡ
رǺǣءǶ֪ѧ֮󣬾Ͳ֮ǰũˡѧУһãǾȥѧУ￴ˣȹ껹Ҫˡ
Ӹɲǻϲϲ׼Ÿʽһ¡ڲܷűˣøĻеġ
빫쵼ɣһ¡
ɼˣզܲ쵼֪ء
Ӹɲǰһ
쵼ƽʱǺ߶ġҲͨѶԱ֪ͨϢ
ҲĶˣЩģԸ𣿡
Ҳû֤ٷְ˵˸ģɵĴ𰸣һ룬ʾһǵ̬ȡǵ¶
˿ȣңȥ룿
Цŵͷ
ʰһ£˶
·ϣͽȥ˹զ˵
˵Ǿ˵˵صˡ
м֧֣ԱǶ뵱л쵼쵼ȥ֡
æĵͷֵöҾҲһҪ쵼ȥǲǣ쵼ͷ
һۣڿǴӳˣҪΪ롣ѧУȻɹˣǻҪֵ֧ġԺѧУĽ̲ģԾɶҪѧУֵ֧ģͼҲҪ֧֡۲ˢˢڸУ뵽½ѧУΪ쵼ȥ֣ҪԴ磬ҪȡԴ
ѧˡջΪ쵼֣һ¡
˵ɶʱҲʼעسˣԭΪ˱ġ
˵˹磬ֱǰ칫ҡ
ǩ֣Ϳվ档Цкǽǹǲɶ¡
˹Ľ˵Ļ˵һ顣
ЦȫôġѧУҲǶĹ͡
Ǵ֪ûй֧֣Ҳ첻¶ǴӵĸɲҲռ˹Ĺ͡۲ôڹԺʱ䳤ˣΪѧУ۴Լģѹĸˡ۵֪ⶼΪ쵼ǵ֧֣ڿѧУռ͵ԱǺ칫ԱԺΪһ¶ֱŤ鷳
ĸɲĲϣõϰյ֧أ
ҲԼĹõϿɡ˵ռѧУҲȷʵ׼ģҲġѧУשҲͬԼյġ
ҲСǱô˵
糤
Ҳȥ롣ϣ쵼Ƕȥ
ǵͷɲΪԼһȥˣûȥʱìܡ
ڹ﹤ǲġ
˺ǰ칫ңȥ糤
糤߾͸ûѿˡ糤ҲǸˬˣ˵Ϊ˺ˬˡһҪȥˬͬˡ
߸˵ĵлȥתתȥԼȥΡ
æŴ¶ЩСæµ
ˣͣ¹֪࣬к뷨ˣ
ЦΣô뷨лġ
κ˿ڲ裬лɶ
ΪѧУ¶ѧУѾⶥˣͶʹˡԱǶ˵Ҫл֧֣ⲻҸӳ빫쵼ȥμһʽ
ЦɶԱҲ̫ˡ
ϾشǴӵͬ־ܺѧѧУǴ¶
֪ȥǶѧϰļԱ˵ˣҲѧϰء
ЦˣⶼΪӣԱǲŻӡʵ֤쵼ҲȷʵǵѧУոǺ糤Ƕͬˡ˵Ҫȥ
Цλ쵼Ǻܹעϰġ渺𡣡
˭˵أرжҲɶ뿴ǶܲǮһЩ۱ʺͶ鼮֮ģʱߴȥҾͺͶ˵ǹ쵼֪Ǻ糤ںЩں쵼ȥ۵øǳҲԱ֪ǵĹģԺоɻ˶Ǯ¶۱ʵǺ˵鼮ҹæ
֮¶˼״
쵼ȥμЩʽʵҲοԱˡ
ҲûɶǴ㶫ǵȻˡ
ҪӶǵˣԼĴܼû뵽һͷȥǾԵԼºܲȫ
ռʹӵǮ׼ȷʵʡǮܶࡣһ֪ˣˣǹ
Ƭ̣Цŵ⻹룿ܼҰſģһ˵ҾЩˡǳţǶҪ׼ġȻҪ۱ʺ鼮ǿ϶Ǿ׼Ķ
һϲȻֲ˼⣬ɶˣ쵼ȥǾ;õ쵼鷳ˡڻҪöռˡ
Цˣ֪࣬ˡռҲں칫ġԱ׼ռˡ
ҲȻĵͷ۽Сˣȷʵˡ˵ĶԡҲסˣԺ϶Ϊ룬Ϊ紴ա
ЦŰ֣˵һҪٷ۱ʣҪ鼮֮ġ
Ҫ鼮ҪΪ˳Ҫġûо鼮鵽ʱҲǾ·ݲС
ԻҪԼ顣Ҳȥһһգͨ߸ʡȻҲǹܼңǰͷ۱ʺ鼮ҲȫĽ
ΪһЩ飬һǾɿαǻ治ڹվˡ
μҲҪ˶ǮҲ⡣
лҪ˵ҸоҰľ񲻺ãһֱǷҪ˯˯ӡٰǣϢһ졣


63 
ռʹӵԱ֪쵼ҪμѧУķⶥʽ֮, ˵Ĳˡ˵쵼ռͺð
֮ǰиְ, 쵼ΪǶиһءΪռ͵һԱ, ̫ί, ̫ԩˡ
ӳã쵼쵼֪ռ͵Ƕôáиȫһ·˵ġ
˵˹ͶƱ, ﶼ֪ͨˣҪʼͶƱѡ٣ѡʽӳˡ
ȻˣǵõõԱǵֲ֧еġͶƱ¶Ҫһ¡ù翴Ⱥڻ
Ͷɶͦõġ۶ڱ仯󰡡ĶﻹǶأ۶ԺȱĶ̹
ǻǵġ
ˡ
ⶥӾһš
ԱԼһ, úֽдһЩϲıѧУǽ档
˶ĵĹôô
Ǻ糤, ھŵġ
ҲӸյ·ڣкӸ߸˵ܹˡôˡ
һڴӸɲǻϲĹȥӭӡ
Ǻ糤һֱûߣԶռһӡûеġ
ԶԶĿһש߷Ľң˻ıˡ
˵Ķΰ, û뵽Ὠôôá
֮ǰȥķչĶ￼ˣĶѧУɶǺƾɵ, ķ, ĺҲ, Ҳûö١
ռͽô̫࣬˷˰ɡ
ȻЩ뷨Ҳû, ԴӸɲĺѣҲĻӦ䡣
ǵ֣ͦѧУҲͦá
ǰһͱѵˣ֪쵼ǿܻ˵ĳ滰ôش
ЦǶ֧֣Աཨ衣
ЦЦţǴӵԱȷʵŬשͺŬ
ԼشϿˣЩǴʮŸ㽨ء
糤ôֽ֧ѧУ
ʵǰҶѧ
Ȼ˵˼벻ǸĸɲϣԼµԱäЩʱ򣬶֪ʶԱǸģһȺäйҲý
ռôѧ˵˶Ǻġܲġ
ռʹӺܲǿ޵
Ӹɲ⻰ϲЦտ֮ȥʹӵԱ˵¶
˵۴ӱ佱ˣ˵۴Ӻܲ
ôӵԱָּˡ
쵼ˣ˵ǲռ͵ȻõġϺӴӾͺöˡ´ҪˮԴǻҲҺᡣ
˼䣬һ˾ȥѧϰǱ߾ʽ
Խ߽ѧУǾԽѧУǲǽЩ̫ˡΪ½ģžȻȹСѧҪ档
ǽôôѧ𣿲˷Ѱ
Уеġ
ЦŵǱҲû뽨ô󣬺ֳƬѧУġǰǻͳԴˣֻ಻ءǴӣϼҼһĺӶҪˡ
ŵͷ
ǲ죬ôѧôѧˣ
⻹Ƕѧϰ֪˻ҪԣԸѧ֪ʶ
ԣԱ߿ֵԱͬ־ǣǶԸͺѧ
ʻռֱˣвһ֣үүˡ
֮󣬽ŵˣǺʶĻشԸԸ⣬Ը⡣ѧֲгϢܵääͲܲμйˡ
ԱվϱǵӴһЩԼұ˺ܽʮеȻˣð۶Ҫѧġ޻Ҫ顣˵綼۶ѧˣ˵ͷɶҪ֪ʶ
û˼쵼档
Ǻ糤ͦˡ¹ɲզ˵Ȳϰ׿˵ʵڡ
⻹Ҳǰ׼ġ
˵Աôġ
ռʹӵĸɲúá
ӸɲǲЦ졣
ѧУ׼ˣ̨Ӷˣ͵쵼ȻѧУĺ첼ˡ
û׼Ը塣
̨ʵʵڵĽ˼仰ͬ־Ǻã
ԱһƬúúá
ЦŵҺܸˣҲοռ͵ѧУĺãռ͵ԱҲáĶϽģоĺͬ־ȥ꽨שҤ꽨ѧУռ͵Աͬ־Ƕ˺ܶ͵ĺˮ綼ǿġ
ԱǱԼûɶ¶Ǳ쵼ôˣĪЩжԼɵ飬ĺˮֵĵġ
ĿǰȻûиǴĸǿԱֻ֤Ҫͬ־ǶͿϸɣԺÿ˶ܳԱҲԽԽҲΪѧУһЩСϣӵͬ־õʵ
쵼ˣԱǼŹˡ˵¶ˣһмĿ̨ϵĺǡ
һҲͦӡ
θǾңҺñ֪һ£ҪȻһ˾Ͳˡ
ԺҲҪס¶Ժ쵼ȥμֳϣҪ㶫˲֡ϰˣҲ
ֺˣǺ糤ΪѧУĺ첼
糤죬һˡ
糤ȥˡ
һ˾һѧУУĺ첼
첼Уơ
칫總Сѧ칫總ѧ
˿֣һ㶡ÿӽѧУǶԼӵġռͻر
ҲƬ̵Ĺ˾ͻָƽˣЦźԱλԱͬ־ǣ칫總Сѧ͸Уڽʽ
Աһ󻶺ơ
Ҳջ֡
糤ϸ˿ңȻ󲽳߹ȡĵǲһ
ӸɲǻЩ˼
ȡģ˵֣ԺҲ׽
Ȼ쵼ͲôͰ
һ˵ͣȡռСѧĴӵѧò̤ʵûСѧУǹ绮ƬѧУڼӵġǺ칫總ѧУȽϺʣѧǶйС
ͻǺ˵ùȥġϾǰûƬѧУʱ򣬴ӵѧУֻԼѧУѧġ
ıˣȻҪԴˡ
糤Ժǵռͻ֪ͦͨġҲͦܵ
ҲЦͦáҲ˸֣Ҳ͹ѧУŪˡ
ʵѧУУ𣿡
˰ˡȻָ񣬡ͬ־
Ǻ糤ֿ˶񶼺ϤˣǾЦУᰡ
Ϊ֮ǰ¶ҹŵģԴʱţѡ
Ҳ⽨ѧУյשҲͬ־۹̸ġ
Ǿ¶ˣʱ˵֪ͬ־ܴܲ뷨ԺֻԵɻأʱ⻹˵ѾǴӵĳˡ
Ҳûʲôεˡͬ־еġᣬûë
ǻСͬ־ġȻΣ˵Ҳǵõͬ⣬ǺʵġȻҲԵĻҲʱģԶ۲۲죬ɵĲãⰲš
ҲУİǲġȹŰɡҪвģͬ־Ҫѧϰ
ش𣬡һֱУѧϰҲĵĽңǳ
ϲҲǸͬ־Ƿܵϲʵǲ֪ôпˡͬ־ǾڵĽã˶ǷˡĿνǡʮһա
ڹ쵼ǰ·ѧУУǰ϶ˡֻҪ¶Ͼ͸ı䲻˵ġ
Ǻ糤ֻ¶¶ģڼռʹӻҲ׼Ӳһ¡
ռʹ˵û̫ĸı䣬ӻǷӡ
е׵ǶˣѧУ׳ĸ׶͹Ҫˡ
⻹Ƕʱ֮ڽġǺֺ޵ˣЩɹǺϿɵģռ͵ӡһ̨ܴס
һطһطˡ׳ææµµģӵĹ׵˶ſŵȣǾ߼׷㡣
ĻǸ˼ңһͼúúãرáͣҲԶ·ˡﶼԼ֣СǿˣŪ˻װһ۳
ٿЩĹˣȻȹ׳Ĺ˲һǰûù׳⣬һԱȣ͸оˡΪļ׳
ֹţզ׳һӵļ׳á
ȥ·ϣͺ糤Сһ£Ҫ׳Ǳһ£ѧѧռߡȺڴ
ˣĨһѶͷĵȥ˾͵øϽ֪ͨǱġԼûð
˴Ǻ糤ٴαˡ
󣬵ǿžͱȹǱ߹淶
ɾ࣬ȫǸ඼ûôζҲС
ɺͳС쵼ˣæڸĸгˡ
ͽĳҲһ֪ࡣ
ǵѽǴ˷ܲһ
ЦЦ˵ˣ֪զشʱ򣬾Ц
ֿ˿Ȼֿû湤˾ܿˡ
һ֪ܹеĹһɵôãܲ򵥰
ò˵ռ͵֪ӡҲıˡ
ϴи¶Ҳ֪Ȼиû֪࣬ﻹǲġ
ϲЩµˡ
ڿռ͵֪Ƕʵʵģʦˣ㽨衣
ϴ£ʵڱˡ
ЦźĺܲҪ֣Ŭһֱ۲ǵģɵúãԺл͵ȥ硣
⻰͵һŵĲˡ
æҾһһռ͵áͲ鷳ˡ
ǾЦˣǵǶ֪࣬˼򶼺ܸ˼ĺܲ
ӸɲǶֵЦˡ
֮󣬺Ǻ糤ǾҪȥˣϳʱ϶ǴЦݵģһֱڹռ͵ĸɲǡ
Ȼʱ䲻쵼ǶռʹǷǳġ
һжǳźõķ淢չ
ӿϴ֮󣬺Ǹпĺ糤찡ԺǻɲҪϸ㡣㿴ⲻͬ쵼ԴӵӰҲǺܲͬġЩʵµ쵼Ҫҽ鰡ȥ֮ҪɲһָʾҪѧͦڹȥҪռʹѧϰ˵ѧУ׳ҲҪʱڹϽ
糤ΪȻҶԼ֧ľ⣬Һҵûͬ飬˾ϲиˡ

һߣѧУҲʽʽˡ
ҲѹˣǽѧƷ鼮һһĻͦࡣ
ȻԼõϵģҲǰ׵õģǹģ˵ռʹӡ
ԱҲԺ
ҲˡǴĶѧϰĶ˵ҲǺӽҲ˵һܷϹҪ顣ͬ־úҪҶǵ
鶼Ϲˡ
ҲռʹӵԱǾûëôӸɲһüǺ糤ˣΪѧУѧϰƷǿ϶ǺҪŻѽ
쵼ӵģҲ˵涼ӵġ
μǶԼ˼˲顣
磬ͿʼһڿΡΪ̵ʦרŹѧУԼѧ˼ġ
Ů֪Ƕ⹤ʺ
εƢҲʺϸˣʦŻѧ
һһģѧûѧϰء
ʮеĻͲˣӳӶˣҲû˸ˡ
ЦǶʦˣǰأ㡣
˻˶ԷһۣȻЦ
ѧУѧˣͰʳõ¶Ҳˡ
ʳñһֱŵģ֮ǰǸЩѧУĹԣѧУˣʦҲʼϹ ܲʦǶӡ
ɻ˻ǵù̶šԵøʳðŹˡ
ռһʳҪˣܸˡζˡ㲻þȥ׹ˡ
ҶҲ˷ܣʳÿˣиʽˡ
°̽ʵʳҶһ˸ɲðɣҪҪҲȥæ
˿ѾѡˣиҵĻӡ
°һôиⲻѾӻĥţ˶ˣҲȥ¶ɸءȻڲػˣʳˮ㰡ܸʡʳ
룬ии壬֮ǰӦ¶ܷڡ˵ˣΪҸզô˳ĵϴӳ
°⻹ийϵ
ǵȻ֮佻ɻľ˵㻰ŵԡһΣԺ˺ǾûˣȥˣκȦӶû졣
°ѹܣԭΪ¶
룬;⺢ǵӴ󣬱˶ŶأиһŶȻŰиˡһóɹˡ
Ϊе̵Ůˣ°ԼĴš
ǰԼʵ⣬ϲ˭͵˭ȲһС￴Զ
ΪҸãñǹˡﲻҪ㲻ȥˡڼɡ
ҲŲҪأͷžͳˣǰҾŪģŵžͳˡ
°
¹զ°ҲǸˣ֪¶ı䲻֮Ҳ׼ˡ׼ͷ̸̸Լɶϱҵæ¶ˣϹûɶı䣬ǾԼˣþ
磬ʽʹὨʳõ¶ѡˡڱϾУԱ⣬Ҫġ
ӸɲǶ׼ˣ϶°ģϾԼˡ
϶Ҫչһ¡ҳ°ҲһֱʳùءҲ
иҵĻӡ
ӵĸɲһиϱʱˡ
εû˵ȷиϱ
Σ֪Ҷ뷨֮ǰûϹҲáҾţѧУиȥܵѧУûҲе͡ҪǣǿɶǴӦõġΪи岻ӳˣͰԼѡҲˣⲻͺ߲ûզЩӸɲ˵㲻ˣԼԺҪǲˣԼҲ˼ˣʹ¶Ϊи壬ΪռԺиɲݣҲ߲ҪסÿɲǶռ͵Ĺס
ɲȻиܲˬҲϱռһλá
˵Щ¶ҲͦЩ롣
ÿ˵䣬ԺҲǸɲ˵ġ
ʱˣ˭ǵԼǰΪĹأ
Ǵӳզأ
ͬ⡣Ҫǻˣ˻˵¶ӳݲ¾ˡ
ӳУͬˣɲҲû˵ɶ˵ҲϣԼԺҲǵĺá˵ȷʵҲǶͬġ
ȻǻǶΪ˺и
ҲĿŵ˵ԵĻˡ
Ҿ¶иϱҲֲˡӳҶûƽϣǾ͸˵ˡ
ѡô
һӵģˣֽġûᣬôӵԼᡣ
˭ʡ˼Ҷʳøôˣ˭Ҳʡܲ˰׸ɡ
ӸɲͻȻʶʲôˣѹ֮ǰռһֱ׸ɻأرҶǸɵı˭
ǻҲûôࡣһ˼ǰ׼ء
һ¶ˡٰˣ˭뵽ˣǴӳҵı
ܵӳ˼ңе㱾µġ
Сûȱ˿ڣƼҶôˣٻˣҿ˵ȥҶҲɵĺϤˣ˭Ҳ
ǿСһۣСӻ顣
εҶȷʵܲ
˸ʱᷴˡ
ǿŹĴǣУѡôˡ
лҪ˵ʮ
˵Ϊʪء


64 
ʳùԱ֮, Աֵˡ
νжԱȲ˺, ű˺Ҷһ, ܻ˱һҶϵ, ڼиϱ͵ߵˡ
νжԱȲ˺, ΪиϱĳУҶѡԱﷴˡ˼ұϾǴӳӣӳ˸˰һλҲ˵ùȥ˼Ҷ֮ǰ׸ʳøɻأҲڿ, 򷹵ʱ̬Ҳ, ˣû˵ġ
иϱƾɶ
ҪиռʹҲôˡ
˼ұĶˣǵӻĸء
֮ǰиǻ, ǱĴզЦģɶء
иһһ͸ĵĶء
ЩﶼܲҶȥû˵, »ɶΪǴӳء
զģ
Ҳ֪զŵ, զͰиϱƾɶ, ɶˣ
˵ŵģ׼ȥɶզͰиϱˣ
ǻû, Ƕֳ˸йصĴ¡
дϺǱֽˣùõˡϢͨѶԱ͹ģйƪµĳд壬ӡһݣר͹ġ
˵ҲУһǱĻ̬Ⱥ;һҲǺٴռʹѧϰҲҪӵ֪֪ͬ־ѧϰ
ûڣֻһƪ£ֻ˵˺Ǳֽġ
Դӵ˶ΪѧУҪõʱдġϾдݶǹɹ¶繫ٶﶼӻ¶
ֻԼ֪ƪȥдġֻǹѹôãѧУ˲óѡ
ȻҲ˵ʵֻܺʹ˵ȷʵǰòдģֻû뵽ϱֽ
ӸɲǸ˵ĲˣεզŴأӦ˵ģٵ¶۴ӣк칫綼ˡ쵼ɸˡӽͰ¶ȥˣ쵼ˡǴ͡
СдĿáѹִӸɲܱأԭǸ˺¶
ЦŵҲижѡûôࡣ
ε⹦ͿɴˡȫӶڿء
ӵҲŸ˵Ĳˣ۶ĸǡ
֮۶ԽԽˡ
˾б£˵⻹ûбµġ

һ̶ĿȥΪɶƼиϱȥʳù¶ˡǵõģҲ˼ȥˡϾô¶Ϊ¶ȥʣͷ⺢Ӳ̨ˡ
û취ֻüﳤ͵͵ȥռ֪ǲиָȱ£񲻵òƼǼҰ
ʻвĵļһ˳вĵġвļˣʶľ;ЩۣʶĿԼ衭
̰һۣɶģֲҽġûôС
˵žЦӭȥˣϽõĺ֡զпþûˡ
ȿڵвĸĶòϱ˳ƶ̡һ֣ɶ衣ǡ
̵̡
ˣʵ
̵ϡҼгϢ
⻰̫̫ЦˣǻǣοǸ۳ˣд̫ˣȻһ֣Ҿ;úáѹϱֽء
֮ǰڶУˡ˲֪¶ǿģѧУһŪġҪ¶Ҳȥܵģ˵һŮӣզôϢأ
Ͻ㣬̰и
̽ĲˣǿɲҼǶϢģҸ˵⹫綼Ҳڶ
ǻǣ⻹Ǵе
̫̫Ǹ͵¶ˡ
Ƕˣ̰ʸ¶ġ
̵ɶ¶˵
ʳ¶˵˵զиϱȥɻأ˵ǼƼģ˵˵ɶ¶вϱȥ۶˵иƾɶҲǵģ֮ǰŶǶӳǰء˵˵㶼Ƕӳˣûզǲ
ĵô˵ҪǰвϱȥǻָզءӴӵľ۶һˣôɶ
̵ɲ۵¶Ҳ˵˵иƾɶզƼأǲɶΪѵĵط˵˵ҪУǿ϶ί
̰ɶҼƼģȥȥǱ߿ȱ£ǲͰ¶ƸǼˡǼ壡Ⱥûĵ˸ӡ
ʵǵզ°
¶̻֪ȻЩ¶ǲ˵ģܲ˵ΪиԼӰɣ˵һһ룬֮ǰΪиæѧУȻƼиϱȥʳøɻ¶˵ˡ
˵֮Ͳ˵иǸ˲õ¶ѧУҲȷʵȥܵҲ˵̨ˣ˵㻰ˣǲǣô˿ŵģ˵ӵĸɲզ˵㻰أ
治֪ôһӾˡ֪ΪɶƼиϱˡ
Ȼֿʼиˣи治ǸѧУðϱȥʳøɻأ˵˵ɶ¶
и̿ɲܸ˵ˣˡͼģȰǹȥ¶ˣۺôյģǰҲһˡиˣҲץˣǼҲùܲܰ˱Ͼ·ǲǣǼǸģܻǵи¶ء
Ů޾̫̫Ҳǰ̾ġ
¶ˣ̫̫Ҳ֪ⲻԼ˵ܸıˡ
ϾǶɲ֮ǰõģиҲѧУˡӲŵ¶ȻܸɣǴӸɲҪӿ϶ɲġ
ﻹиزص
¶û˸Ҵ֣ǱûˣֻиصɵӦõ¶Ҫ̸ǹҪġ
иϱɲںЩ߲ûΪķı⣬˵ĲˡȥʳϤһ»֪֮ÿҪɵĻҪӴܶԵģĻŭˡ
ͺź߶Ժȥ˶ˮ϶࣬ʱ۾ιۼҵĺúõġһܴһٶǮԺۼˣȢϱˡ
иҲû뵽޻˵㻰ġˡ
֮ǰԼڹϵ͸¶֮ʵЩˡŮӰ첻¶ֻ߹Ӳš
Լɿˡ
ڿѾͷȻ嶯ĻǸġ
и˵ǰ컹ȥأ˵ۼиѧУйͲŰŵġЩϻͳȥ˵ǼۼҺõġиϱʳúúøɣϻˣǡ
裬İɡҺҶҶǸСܶɶ¶иϱЦ
ŲģиҲҷĵģڡ
и
ҪǱϻˣҲûˡñӶɾˡˮҲˣͷ˿лǼˡͺúøɣɶҲãҿǻզۼҵЦ
ռˡ
ѧУѧ죬ʳþʽˡĿǰֻҪѧУļŮʦˣǷֵʳҲطŵʳ棬߸ǳԺÿԷ滮һʾͳˡ֪ǼʳͦãҲҪתʳϵȥ
Ҳͬˣֻеλֻ֪תʳϵûʦҲûϹ˵֪࣬Ǿ͵ÿཻһʳΪķá
֪ǶԼͦģҲģԼ϶ܿϣԶһʳҲν
ʳʱ˵ӦóΪ֪ʳáԺЩ֪ǾͲԼˡ
ʮʳ˵ֱ̫ˡ
иϱΪ˲˿𣬸ɻʮ˶ܳƴļơһŴǶ裬ҶҪæûܲ֡Ҳɴֵɡ
ȥҵôƴҾжˡ
ֱӸˮʱ˼ʳһ˶ܸǻҪɶȥ
Ҷܰɡ
Цզˣ˭⿴ţɶøɾù֣㼵˭ʱ㱻ٱ˳ˮ۾͸㰲űĵ׶ָ˭ס㡣
̫ˣҶ˵զôƴأҪҼߡڶﶼ˵Һã˵ȥʳøɻġŷżңҪҼߡ
񣺡ҲšλûĻɡ
˿ȣǲԼ͵ˣ˿ɳ֮
ҶᶨҲŲءԼǸŬŵĹŲ˼ء
ʳ˸ƴҶĸЧˣÿ컹û㣬ˡ˴۵С۵Ķ֪ɶ޲վſߺһ˸ϽԷ
ҶŴ£ɴóҪѧľɿαϰÿ극֮󣬻ҪȥѧУһڿء
Ѯһѧϰҽͻˡ
лҪ˵д㡭


65 
͸ǲһµʱ䡣ͷûרŵҽ, ǶǻȥѧһЩѡ
֪˾, ˭, Ҫ̵ʱѧϰĶ, ֪жˡԻʱǳΪڳѧϰûɹ̫֮, Ҳûö٣Ȧԡ
رռΨһȥѧҽ⻪ʱ۾׵ġ
ʣɶʱǡ
⻪ɳƵ鳤˵֪ԺлسǵĻ𣿡
, Ҳ˵ÿ˶ܻس, Ǹɵúÿ϶ȸɵĲõҪлġ
⻪̾˿Ȼͷ
Ծû뿪ʱˣЩǷϵӣʵ, զˣ
⻪̾λȥ֪˻ڳҡ˵, Ҳˡ
񼸺붮ٿ⻪, ʵҲŶʮꡣᡣʮܽ, Ѿܴˡ
ƶҲʱһֱû飬ȥ, ѹҲܴ
Ҳﲻͷÿ֪඼˵ţĸֵܽáܰԼģֻԼ
ҲˣܲμӸ߿ˡֻҪܿϣǾܻسǡ
⻪ͬ־Ȼ˵㣬ҪŬˡú֯ϰŵĹúѧϰĻ֪ʶֻҪ˲ţлسǡ㿴ʲôˣڲҲΪԼƴȻû󣬿Ҳڵȥġÿ˶ŻȥܳȫԼģֻԼ
ǹܿüĳɼ𣿡
ĵͷǰ¶۹ܲˣԺֻҪ֪ɳɼˣһûΪũĹףһù翴ɵرõģһҪΪдϱֽ˿
⻪˿һ鳤лл㡣ᣬһֱչǡܡܻܲسǣ۶Ϊѵġ
ңлسǵġ
Ĵӵ֪ҲǵûɶʱسǣɶʱʽˣҪ¼ȡˡ
ЦŵҲǳԾϾβҪʵġɣĸҪˣǵʱһ˸ͷǿ˵
˶ʱˣô죿Լѧ˸Ƥë
ͷţʵ֪¶ǻȥúϢǴӻǴӹͨһ£Ȱǹʵġ
ȻЩţǹضˣҲûٶ˵ʲô˵ռεĻǺѵõġԼĴӣûгͷӡ˸ũǸũ
ھԼҪˣʱ⡣
ǲ֪˵ʵҲǸѡֻҪǶû˷һµʱ䣬úѧˣѧָߵأҲ׼Ѽ˶ġ
ͷ˶ѵðǾֻѧ˵ƤëҲǺѵõġò׻ʳڵĴ̸һµʱѧģѧ˵Ȼܱ˱ˣյռ͡ʱһ˸һֵͥάҲǴѧͽԺǻسˣҲû˽֡
˻ȥ׼ʰ֮ȥͶ˵¶
ʵҪĸ𣿡
ӸɲҲ˶֮࣬ǰֳԱҲûôࡣһǼ֪ࡣ
ҪģϾǶ⻹ͷһԼܶԱô˵ЩҲһȫáΪǴҪرӣԱѪǮ̣ˡҲĸ֪࣬÷ʣ㹫֡˭ɵúã⽱Ʊͳˡ˶١
ȷʵѲ˶١֪ǣӸɲǾЩꡣΪռͱˣкûᣬȻϣԼ˵ġ
ϧˣԼӵûĻģĻҲû·ȥѧ
ֵΪǻѡһЩȽϴҲյѧͽѧ֪ʶҲ۶ˡҪԼȥѧ·ѧЩ
ҲǣҲӴЩˡΪȻռʹӵˣûɶֱµġ
Ψһбµģ񺣳Ǳߵүүλǹ¶ʮ뿪ȥˣϧߵ硣յһ֣Ҳ
ռ͵Աûɶָġ
ʱԽýѧУǶôȷ¶ˡǰжҪҪ˵ʱ֪е֪ʶơ
ŸտʼأԺҪǶ﷢չãǾҪĻˡ
ҺýѧУˣҪȻ˱Ķˡ
ɲǶûзԵ˼ͺ˵һͷû飬ǵСĵáܳ⡣
͸ᷴˡ˵ĺܺе
᲻úײǣӳҲСˣԺǴ󷽵㣬ҪûǮ˲š
֮ͨȥЩ̸Щ֪Լ
ЩһͲ˸ߡ
ֲ֪ùܣɻСڶҲ¶ġ
ЩӳҲô˵ģռˣûСҪ󣬱˵Ǽѧɶġ
ռͷչˣ˵ҲеˣֱҹǱ˵ȥռѧУǺ칫總ѧУǺ糤ܹעģռͿɲֱӾͰЩҪƻȥˡ
ЩӳҲˣ֪ǿˣҲûˡڲҪ֪ˣ͸Ͻ֪֪ͨ࣬ʰߡ
յ֪֪ͨ໹ڵɻ֪Լط֮󣬸˵Ĳˡ
ͬӵ֪඼ĽĲˡ
ǴӺռʹý֪ռʹӵ֪ӹĺã󲿷ֶ˹ˣʣСֵҲҪѧУʦְλˡ˼Ǳ߾ͽԭ򣬿϶Ǽʴ
ҽѡΨһŮ֪ϲæĻȥʰ
Ů֪Ů֪Ҳæ
Сϼãѡˡ
Сϼⶼü˻Ҳлѧǰ۶֪ѧũ廹ءռǱߴӸɲáǱ߹֪ǸŮ֪࣬ڶ˵ϻҲرά֪࣬Ƕﶼĺá
⻰ռʹӸˡ
ǰֻ֪ռʹӳĶǸåãŮ֪ǾͶǸӺܲãǱŮ֪ͦù
Ǳ߻˴ӳˣԽԽãûɶͷˡ
Ů֪ѹĿˣĨɶʱǸͷοʦôҾҿ϶ϡ
Ů֪Ҳһɫ
ȻҶŬϰˣޣұ̫ˡ
СϼȰǲҪô࣬ȺúӦԡҪʵûϣҾԺҲбĻģǿѧҽг·οءԼҲԼһʲôũõġʱȥռңҰǺλ֪˵Ҿũ¶ġ
Ů֪鳤ԼҲʲôõϵģҲһ£õϵĸšһɻģһ¡
Ǳģһˣֱ˴ˡСϼЦŵ
ȻƽʱҲҲо⼸һӵֺͼ䣬ҲһӶ˵ġ
ӵҽѡˣ⻪סѧУ޽ĵȥˡ
שᣬ֪༤ѣռ͵Ҳûôˡ
ôõĵطǿ϶ҲǶ֪ӵģڱ۸
ʱǱ߹ˣæչĸĸûʲôԾĵطҪ֤ĸ˳
ǱߵĳҲһ֪࣬ǻܺùͨġֻҪúãԲǵġ
Уģҿ϶Ŭġ
Ҳǵġ
Ҳᡣ
æıԼĹ̬ȡ
ЦŵȻ㹤æµҲܳնѧϰǶң涼пα飬ƽʱԹȥ顣Ƕ֪ʶǺҪģҲᾭ֯ԣǵ֪ʶɼõģ϶иõİŵġ
֪ԣԴӸũ֮󣬶˵һò¶ˡ
ҪһҲų⣬ܸˡһǰڳʱָоһ
Уһúѧϰġ
Цŵͷ
Դȥ
ڱ߶߶Ľ
ĸѾԤˣҲиˣʱ޿̲ǡ³⣬ԼĻس顣
û¶ҲܣԼΪ۾æѧУ¶ʱͰڼ׳ܡŴѵһ๤Ȼ๤ص㻹ߡ˵Ϊ˰ġ˼򲻸ߵʱ˴ӵ棬ƻĹƻ
ﲻãҪһˣԽԼˣˣҪĳҪˡ뷹治ķóԡ
ˣոˣҲ˿
ЦŸǽˡ
⻪ͬ־ͲýˣǶ֪ˡλǴӵ˲š
֪˺졣
ֱ֡
ȻֽǶǸɣرǶչĸо顣Ҫཻѧϰͬ̽ѧʡ

˸Ͻ֡ĺšų
ƺһӾƮˡ
ռͻûôģһǴӳϱһǶɲϱ˼ҲϰߺǶͬ־
ǸܵΪ쵼顣һ쵼ͷӭǵļ롣ϣԺһ𽫹ãΪ
Ȼװģĸǰ˹ɺͳСȥϤ
ˣЦŵҲ˰ɣǶƣǱһҲˡǸ٣ر١
ǿ϶Ŭġճλͬ־ܲܲҪǹӰҵĹ
յǼල㡣˼Уһô죿
ЦЦհҪϲߣҪҸһֱߵ๤
ɫʱˣ۾ա
ҲԲ۾æ֣ͱˣҲˡ
ҲУ֪̫ˣҪɣ㻹Ǹߡ
ҲͳУ𣿡̵
ҲС΢΢һЦɲõġ
ϸ飬ǶҪϸ̵ġ
ҽȻźˣҲûɣÿ춼ҪȥҲ֪û˵Ĺ̬ȡ
ڼ֪඼͵ˣˣͦĵġ
˵ģоȶ˻Ҫ̤ʵ
ҲΪռʹչ˵ĺ׵ĸ屾ͺáԤʱ򣬾Ȼʮ˳Ԥڻǰһڡ
жʱ򣬴ְҵҽռôˡ
·ܣŶҲȥˡ
жͷĸ
һǰһҲСʱһͷʱǣǵʱ򣬵ڶͷҲˡ
ͷ󺹣զ찡رţɩҶû
ڱˣʱһۡ
ֱһС
ɶ˼
ûɶû治ɫȻֵޣܾͲˡ

ɵôҲǸӳɶýŵģ¶
ͲˣѵˣϱѵɶԵ̫ûˣֵõ˵𣿡
ҲйˣռҲˣҲôˣѧỹˣ﹤ˣզ˵ˣҹ˵ȥŵˮˡ

ôһ֣˽ǻ¶ˡ;Լ⵱˴ӳ֮󣬺λˡ
ܲԾ
ҲûӣԼȥĸ
ˣһͷСˡһҽСϼ˵ĺ
һͷˣͺ˳ˡ
ĸʱ賿һ㣬һֱ룬ꡣ
˵ǣͷĸֹ˳ûѲ󣬶ҶǸ߲ĸʮͷСС
һռ;Ͷ˶ʮͷСˡ
Ŵͬ־мѡλʵˣ۹ⶾѡĸȻǸ߲
Ϊ˱ʾлԺŹܽ
ദСеͻȻһ¡
Щ۷۵СУĲˡ
ɶǶĲƲǸԱнˡ
ѵõĺɣ󷽷һˣúúãǶĴ°⼸ˣʳü⣬Ǻúóԡ塣ѧ˵ǸıǮ
ļ̹ˡ
رǴӹˣǾԼ˴ˣռͣӳҲףԺҲ
һСгϢʹռʹˡ
ЩеǮԱһѷĶˡ
Ҫ˸ˣǶ޲óȥԼұˡ
ֻܸΧǽԼСڰĵĳ̣Цһӡ
ðһͺã׳ʵһó⡣
ɶʱܳѰզѡǲǰѡã
ܲǰιҵĿ߿ϣһҼûզ죿
һԱڴ硣
żͷҸбšǵʱԼѡҲ˰ɣԼоǺô࣬ҪȥǶҪƵġ۶ͲһˣСԼģÿһͷֻ˶ʮ飬гҲǲٶǮġ
⻰Ҹˡ
ĲǮ
᲻ᡣҪĸģҪǮģͲƽϵġ
ðԼá㵱ܵ
¾Ǻá

ʵеĿ޵ǸǴʵʵڵĺôˡ
ǫǴӵ֧֡ӸɲǵĹͬŬ
ô˵¶˭ɵģҶסﻹǿӭ䣬۴ȷʵ˺ˡ
лҪ˵ʮ


66 
⼸ͷĸԤҲ⼸, ͷĸǰ, ͷҲɱһչš
ԼæŸĸв, ҪչСС
ֽ֪ʶ, ĸǰһΣգҪ֮, Ҫչ˲ã׳⣬пӰĸ˵Сˡ
ĸ֮֮ǰæ
мһƴͶҽæֵܸһЩ
һڵʱ䣬ʣµͷĸҲ½
ͦʱ, ȫҹ, ռʹӵԱǶ˯žö˴ҹŶ֡
ԱǺʹӸɲϲǣ⼸ͷĸкܶࡣ϶ʮͷϵӡ
һͷĸҲ˾ͷˡ
һͷĸ, ʮͷˡ
˷ܻˡÿ춼߿۰Ͱ͵ĵŷСԼ͵͵ﶼԼǵˡ
Ҳֱôġ
ȫ֮ͺͶ, ҪȹǱߵж, ֮, ͳһѡ
ҶǸǮģ˵ЩЩ˺á˵ˣҲҪ, ûôѡ
ߵгˣʱţôҳǩ
ֻܳǩܲǴ
ο˿ȣǣأ
ǿɶҲǸǮġ
ǵȻҲǳǩиǰ֮Աǿɶءǩǻ㹫ƽģ뻹ǹƽҪȻ¹ɶǿ϶۴Ӹɲ˭ǴӸɲأԱ۾͵з׾¶ùȥҲô
ôһ˵ǳǩˡ
ӸɲǶá
ȻǴӸɲҲùӰ˻ƺΣдӳǶùֵģ벻ߡֻ˵µظũѡԻǺԱǹƽɡ
ӸɲͳһͰϢȥˡ
ôҪżе¶ҲҪеж֮󣬲Żз䡣İ취ҲǰճǩƽСҪСĸģԵӼǮ
ӵ֪֮ͨ󣬴Ϊǩ¶ˡʡһԼأǲƽ
ǲֱȥǱ˵ԼСӵСӳȥСӳСӳȥʹӷӳһ
СӳǱû취ֻȥǱ߷
⻹㣿
ӡЩԱǵôߡɶȫˣ¶
и嵱ӳʱզûɶ뷨
СӳǶ֪ô˵ˡ
Цŵ磬Ǻ°˵ӳĺãҺ׽㣬ԲŻ˵ﻰ
СӳǶ׷׵ͷ⻰ȰӳҲԱǶǺֵ֧ġҲû˵ɶ÷ӡ
ĵƨⷨõˡ
εִӳȷʵҲˡ˵˵ⶼɶ¶
֮飬ˣǲҲ𣿶Ҫõġձ۵Ҫ⡣
ǣǵǲҡ⻰ŵίôһ֣ӳû׼Ҫˡ
ҪͶƱĽڹˣӳȻģǵõ֮󣬲ܹʽҪҸͶƱ̡
Ϊ˴߾ľһҲռʱʱĻҪԵɶ˻ǲ˽
ӸɲҲ
ͺСӳǵģԭŴӶù۴ԵġҲ֪ԱÿһֻҲͽʮʵп϶ᳬزųѣԼУҪǲأҲóѡǳⲿ֣ǶǲǮǶԱˡֵĴһˡҪƽ³Կ۴ӳԵĿ˭ںˣ۴Ӻ˭Ҫƽˣ
⻰ѼӸɲ˵ίˡ
Ӹɲһ룬ûô£
ǴӻԿء
ȻʱҲռ˵ģΪ˶棬ǲҪҲա
Ҫϰ취ƣٲͲóǩˣҰ蹺򡣱֤˭ҲԿ
ӸɲҲԣҪͰҶԿ
ӸɲͨˣСӳǾͷˡ
⣬⡭ǻǻȥԱǷһ°ɡ
СӳסˣϽȥͶ
´ĸıˣҲúԱǽ
ˣεתĿ죬ڸԼͷˡ
⻹Ϊ۶Աһһ⣬۳ԿΪԱıˣеҲҺ۴Ҷû˽ģνӰбô¡
ӸɲŶЦˣﻹЩ飬ҲЩΡȻҡ
ԱʱʱķռʹӵԱѾǰһˣڶĶˡ
Ժ󰡣ЩɲҲҪıԱץסСӡռ˵ĵطҲռˡ
Сӳǻȥ֮󣬾Ͱԭ˵ˡ
һСӵĶӳָŴҲĲ㣬񶼸ȡôôˣǻɶأҪ蹺򰡣˭ҪǴӦǾ˶û˺ôˡ۶ЩгĶðѵʱ϶ֹʮǮҽڶ˵ĻûšһĶ˽ԼŶԿզûǺԩأҪǹȥǩĻᶼûУ
Ա֮ǰҲû뵽һ磬ôһѣҲȷʵǶԿ¶ˡ
ǩãҲԿֻռ˶ٵѡ
һСӳԼҪǻҾȥͶ˵ˣ۰蹺򡣡
˰ͦõġǩͦá
԰ִˣʱɶûˡ
ôŰɣ鷳ˡ

ˡ
̬ȱˣСӳʵǶˣ
˲ˡ
һСӳԺ۴ɶ¶㡣ɶʱ۳ԿˣǻԺҪְҲûȥҶˡ
ԱҲ˵ˡ
Ҳô
Ӹǰõ·ߵʱҪһ£ǻͷָһõ·ԱȣͻȻ֣֮ǰǰźáԿ
ҲΪ¶лˣҲöԲ񡣼ʱ򣬻˼Ĵк
ǱֵɶûһοҲҪżп϶Уұ֤ҲԱǡ
ȥﻹܰŶһӣ㣿⹦򰡣Ȧ޵ĺһЩסԺҲóһЩ
ĻԱǶЦ۲żɶʱɡ
ˣҪŶǾǰˡ
ǱߵҲ½½ĶˡΪչ˵ĲϸʧͷСС
ʮͷҲͦģʧͷҲʣһͷСС
ȥʱ򣬻Ǳֵĺܱˣʹ׼׬ǮǷǱǮϡʧͷˡȻװ˵ʱ۾Ǻġ
Ҫ֪ǹ͵ģҪˡ֪̫ˡ
ǿŶ˼ˣʱռռʹӵıˡ
ڻ˼Сиˡ
ͦĵġ
ο˿ȣ¶ʵⶼѾԤڵĽˣһĻءͷУҪǵģǳеʧ
۾ⲻǸ鷳𣿡
εҲͼʮǮ绹Ǹġܲô߳е
Ҳ˼˶ˣȷʵЩѡҪϴǷծˡҪȻզҲùеġ
⡣
⳥¶̸ˣͿʼ̸л¶ˡ
׼Źġ
⼸ռǱߵѾȶˣ˸ְֵĹҲһЩɣӦ
ǲĹߵС
Ҫʧ̫󣬿ɲ⳥Ǯ⣬ǵռ͵ҵˡ
ǲԸģû취ˣֻİš
οЩǿǲ⣿
ЦŰ֣£ǹٵ¶զܲء᲻ôЩĸУչӵģ񡣡
⻰ܾùֵֹġ
Цŵͷκ¶Ҫģ顣ͬ־ܹôȫͶҵ棬ֵܲñҪǲ⣬Ҷͬ־ˡ۹ҲҪ˲
һ
쵼ۺ칫˲żüãȱͬ־۴ӣǼġͶչչЩɡ
ãҲ˵˵ŵáЦŴ
ҲЦĵ㿪ڣ϶Ҳ뷨ġ˭֪ɶʱͼᶨ뷨ˡ
ڹߣҲ˴ӡѹʹ˵ˡ
ȻҲû˵ͷе¶˵һжͷС
ǰǮģõСôҪģĵͺˡпվͶȥ׳ףڵ׿ι
ϢԱǹȻˣ߸˵ĻؼŸжڵԵġ
׳⻹ֻ˺ü졣
Ŵ߸˵ʱ򣬴ҲʼΪĴӳְͶƱˡ
һһһƱ
ζҪɶԱˣԥѡӳıĴӳôһɸ˭ɣĸء
ȫƱĽΪռ͵ʽӳ
ΪɶǼأΪЩƱоȻż֡ⶼЩŮ˵ҵļͥͶġ
ЦˡӸɲҲ˸Ц˵Ǹɵĺãܵӳˡ
Цŵ̧ˡ
ż죬¶Ȥ
һЦ
¶ûɶˮϾҲͼƱ
ҲôͻȻʶһ⣬ȻҲܲѡӳ
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67 
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ö໹ûеĴӾܹǱߴˡ
֪жռʹӵġ
ӳռ, ҪС
ռʹӵĸɲǸӡǰ˭ռʹһ, ڿɲһ, ҪռͣҪռ, Ҳռ͡
ǲܵģԼﶼء͸ܾˡҲû˵ֻҪʣµģ϶Ƕ
¶¶˵۴ڿǲһˡ, ҿ, ӳҲӡǰи廹ء
û⹧άĻǵ磬֪ͨ, ¶ʹ˵˵Ҫ˼ҸϽǮԤ
ǣҲûжӰҪһѡ
Ƕһѡ

˿, 㶨, ۺöԱĴиǻϣҲ¶
°, ɶš
ŶͷΪɶҪô, ϾǴӳˣǺͿģҲѧ㶫
ȳ극֮ͺһţ·ϾͰ˺סˣСΪɶҪôǰܾ
Ц磬Ҳɳ
ⲻû취𣿡
Ҳû׼ո˶࣬Ҳ˵ô
С磬ʽĴӳˣûźúýǴӣ
Ȼ밡⻹ֹŽҪչ˺ء
ׯڻ۵취ŪĶǮʳεʱ򣬴ӦģҪһש߷ģˣ
ûҲһֱ룬һѰ˼ԺˣǮˣ϶ܻġ
׬ǮˣǲŶٰҪ۵ÿԴ۴ҪԼȸ㽨裬㽨ҲҪǮǮ𣿡
ûǮҡͷ
ռÿ꽻ѣﻹжǮ˼׳Ҫ̫ˣҲ¶
Ҫ취ŪǮôȽǮУ۾Ǯȥɱ¶ǮԱɲɶҲֻԼҴ²ţɵ۴۾֣ϣһѿõĶ
Ŵ죺⣬ܳ𣿡
Ǽͷĸôģ

ðܾùֵֹģҪǱ֪ˡ
̰Ǯû
ûС
԰ǮҲûԼڴǮҪǵģֻǰǶѡǸǴġ˵ҪǷǼӿлˣǲҲʧ𣿡
е
̵磬ΪɲֻҪһһߣһһΪı۾ʲôҲ¡ֻҪܸϰմô¶۾ͳҪ㵨ӶûУۻʲôɲ
Լִһȴ֮ǰֻ֪֯ߣ֯˵ɶ͸ɶ
ԭԼɶ͸ɶ
ˣд֪ͨøСӳȥ֪ͨһ
Ҫ붨һе˸ϽҪȻȶĴˡ
ĴӳԹҪء
Ϣܿʹ˶ȥˡ
ĴӶԼҴҪУԱҲýԺǸҲиĴӡ
ǼͷĸԼﶼء
رЩûе˼ңЩˣԼھӶȦ׿͵ˡ
ÿֺǺǵĺ͹һ͵Ҫһˡ
һڴӵ˶ˣҲסˡһѷܴǱȥʡ
е¶մ߸ġ
Ǯġ
ġ
ЩһͰѹеļһ顣ߴǰģÿͷֻҪʮˣ˲òУ֡ûǮģ棬ơ
涨ʵ൱ںǰŻݻһĿǰռʹҲҪַʽ
֮մ󱦵Լ֮ѡ񡣡
⻹ÿ𣬵ȻȽ
ˣ˲òǰռ˵¶
ҪǵȺٸǮһУҲûˡ
ÿǣǮģͰǮˡ
ûǮģҲϽ˻ؼǮԼȰѶӸˡ
մ󱦻ǵһξ̣ȵһǮҪ̼
ϴοûôء
ϴβŰʮ໧˼ұαϴҪˣһٶұϴαΪǵһζУԺöֻ̽ĶһͷУκö˶ͷϾĸӺö˶ˣܽ׳ʵҲܷġ
һǮմ˯˯ˣ޲˯칫Ǯ
α¶δ϶Ǻܶ˼ҶҪġ
ҽȫתʱҲûˡ
ôǵһ׳״ġ
ȷʵҪһҽš
ò˵۹ⳤԶǰͰѡҪȻʱȥңҪҡ
ʽ֮ͬȥǱ⻪ҽ̸
⿴ǵ״֪ˡҲˡ
ϲǣǵĿڽˡ
֪ԣʱŵĿ֮ǰ˵ȹǶǵʵˡ
ĸҲˣҲˡҪѡˣ
뵽¶˻࿴˿֪ô졣
ദҲꡣҲ뿪λ
Ҫ˵̹ǻ治ǡʵЩӺܲùʮ࣬ƽʱֵػҪࡣ
ǲ֪ΪʲôǾЩ¶
огɾ͸СԼѧ֪ʶͼܣչĸĸӣЩ˵СУﶼ㡣
ǰûеġ
⼸ӵԱҲǿͿģҲ飬ѯ֪ʶ鵽Ϊ֪ʶӽũĳɾ͸С
Ը࣬Ҳصȥֿδˡ
˶ڴ
Ƕҿڡ
΢Цˡ
ࡣ
֪֡
ǲǫ飬ȷʵˡǵŬ͸۴ӵҲ
⻰ͻȻЩᡣ
ȷʵࡣ
֮ǰ˵ǶǵĿˣͨ˲¼ȡҹΪ֪ͨǽ
̧ͷýˡ
ǶͨˣԺǾռʹӵҽˡ
Сϼʵͨˣ
ǰͨˡǵıֶ̫ˣȡᣬԴһ¾ȫͨԺǶҽǻѴӽзǷֱͬ򡣡
϶һľϲ
ճǶ¼ȡˣ
ͷ
ٴο϶˵Ĳˡ컹Ϊ¶ء
ھϲ
лллл
Сϼ˵֪಻˼л϶һϲЦݡ
лңҪллԼԼŬĽԺҲҪúùֻҪɵĺãӶǿõġԺҲҪ֣Ȼ۲ˣԺҲҪÿ˸ĹĳɼġɵĺнɵĲҲô֡
⻪ʵɶ֣
۹㲻㣿
˶ʱЦ㣬
Цҽǿƽж¼ʲô֢״¼ԺҲǱҽѧԴʱϵǳ顣
Сϼϲ𣿡
ȻԣֻҪǱʼúá
Ҫܳ飬ǲŷأԺûҲࡣ
ҵ˸ȷĿˡ
ֹҪùҪü¼ѧϰ۲¼

һǮˣҲֹҪɶ衣
ûټʶֵ֮⣬벻·ӡֻˡ
ڿѧУʦ
˵Ǯ¶͵磬ǮУǻۻܶŪ㰡
զŪ
ͽ۵ǰʦˣѧУ֮Ҳ˷ѣһʧһ졣
üͷʵⲻǻûѧ𣿡ǵǵҪ·ݰɡ
˭˵ѧУȿѧܿˡ۳಻Ҳ𣿡

ķ磬㿴۶Щѧܶ඼һûģѧһ꼶϶ͺܳԿǲǣȿϰ࣬ǵ֮ǰ֪ʶⶼҪʱġ
Ӱ𣿡
Ѿǿɼеʱˣɼڴﶼ¶
Ȼ룬һʱǿ̫Ǻܶ𣿡
ץץԴ֮ǰѧУҲǻʱ˽ģûɶ
һǹ缸ѧУϿԺ󡣡
ü𣿡
аϾҪˡҰɡûǾа
¶ҲΪ׬Ǯ׬ٰԱǶҲڽ׬ǵǮ
ǿǵδչҪ
ϾҲ֪δᷢչˣǲɼԺǽİ
ЩѧδҪͬһѧͬʹѧˡϣԺ͸׷ˡ
ѧ֮ǰҪúǲ̫ˡѻˣͬѧĲ಻̫
δһЩѧһ磬;ó
ϾһӴģ֪ҲҪߵġδҪ˲裬ά
Ϊ¶˳Ҳû·֪ͨǵڶȥˡ
ȥ
ջͦȥģίίĸˡ
ˣɫҲá
Ը㣬Ҳˡ
˿ӵЩСгĺܺãʱˣֹһ£۶ҽڶתˣԺǻ᳤ڸĹϲ㣬ֵֶˡ
ϢüͷһȷʵһЩ
ЦˣǶҲǹ۸㣬ø䱸ģڻһֱ䱸ģͶൣһ¡
ϣˣҲûôԹˣͷûġ
ǾͺãһҪǻæͰհŹġ
յɴ۾㣡
Ҳɴ۾Ҫҿԣ
ãǾͺá
ͷʹˡ
ջЩ㣬㲻ȥɣҶôĹ
Цļ򣬡ᣬôᰲȥءҸŻѡ
ҲŵˡЦˡҪȥҪˡ
ۺϰ칫֮ͻȻʶɶˡΪɶȥŵô𣿣
ۺϰ칫棬ҲֺǺǵġ
ôãôҶϣˡ
˶¶ɵĺãԺԼĸء
Ҳһִٳɵģٺǰ˵Ҳзˡ
ˣЦݣЦƵУˡ
ЦŵͱЦˡⶼ˼ˡ
˵ǰѡ٣ѡ㵱ӳء
δȤ
֪౻ͶƱѡӳ⻹ͷһΣö˶ˡ
ң̧ҡ 񲻺˼
θˮҲ˵ƽʱúáˣæʲôУ
֣ûզܲءڹߣˡ˵¶һ¶
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ⲻ֮ǰڽµǱҾȷʵӻǶҲǰˣţ϶Ҳڹעǵġ
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εͷÿѧУȷʵҲпԵġǳɼô
԰Ҿ뵽һ취ˣʦӣҲúӡ
ʲô취
ֱˣʵ
ЦŵϿ԰칫ѧУͳһԣͳһģȻۺϳɼõѧУԱԿѧʵʩּⷨ򵥣־мáҪǣδԾд¼Ͷ壬ø˿Ǻ칫ӽ꼻һ֣Ǵ־սҶøˡ

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68 
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ر׼дͶʱ, ϴεڻϵ¶
٩٩̸, ʵںǵʱҲμӹƵĿ, Ȼ, ǻûġҾģʽ㹫ѧУͳһʱɹ֮дһ, û׼ԺĵطҪѧϰء
ȻΣλǺϣ칫ٴϱֽġ
ЩĶ
ȷϱֽ
ŵҵıʣţһϹֽˣڶξ͸ϱֽˡȻ˿ȣС, , Ҽڱ繤
üͷ̧ˣϴΡ
ϴοɲǣϴȫΪǹ繤ú, дʵַдģչǹĳɼű˿ˡ
⻰˭ţǲŵġ
Ȼ, ҲҪ, ǺõľС
Ȼϲ㸡, Ǹ֮ʵ֣Ǿ£ξ̹ϵĸ, ڱ·˵ıʺøס
Һͺһɡ
ˣΣȥɣҶȲдˡҪΪǹʡҪĴдȥ
Σ
ȥҺǡ
Ǻ糤ϵãһС֮ĸϢһ£ĸ֡һ֮ǾͲ׼ˣ׼ڹԺҲǹһ롣
֣ͼδˡ
ǿǹˣû˲ʶġ
Ǻ糤Ҳ֪ͬ־͡
ܸũʵʵˣǶֵũͬ־Ǹлġ
Сˡк
ҲеĴкǣ糤߶ˡ
糤ЦҪк¶ӭš
ε¶Ͳ֪òá
Ŷʲô¶ǿ
Ͱᳫ¶˵ˡ
Ȼλһ֣Щ϶ǲܺͶ˵ġ
ʹӹĽǶĺô
Ϊκ鶼Ӧù淶رѧУֵطӦù淶ѧУĺӣǶ۹δ۵ʱ˽ѧУĶ̬ʧȥˣѧˣ
Ǻ糤ͷʾ˵
ȻúǶȥ飬ǿ϶ϣȥ氡ҪȻڶɻãΪ˼ලѧϰϽȹҲΪǹڹĹ淶ΪϿԺбҪ
֮󣬺Ǻ糤û˵ԼҲϸϸ˼ôӰ졣
ԹʲôôԹʲô
ôһ룬ôǺܶࡣͺСͬ־һͬʱҲǶѧУʦǵһּලڸλӣнȸС
ڻԺҪעһѧУ
Ȼ·ӻƬѧУעѧУҲӦõġ
ǿ糤죬ҾûУأ
Ҳÿԡ糤Ȼ񣬡СհУû׵뷨ܶ
ЦˣԼȻְҾ͵ö˼취ѹøá쵼ǹܵ¶࣬Ҫ¶Ź뷨ӣ쵼Ƕ۰
Цŵӻ͸öá뷨ܲ¶ǻ͹Сѧһ¾ôʵʩ
˵Ĳˣл쵼Ͽҵ뷨
糤ЦŰ֣лԺС
ɰͲöء
Ȼ¶ûʽļǼȻ쵼ͬˣҲͬˣô¶Ͳඨˡ
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Ҳã⻰Цɶ¶
ǹÿֵأǷǵðչָʾֵĶ𣿡
κզˣ⻹ֱĶ
Цÿ궼ЩʳоûɶˡҪֵĶֺûӡ
ЦҡͷȻûӣⶼǴġÿ͸۷ЩЩֵĺúõģҵȻÿҲҪÿҲܸһճɺ㱨ļƻҪȻΪɶмƻã
Ȼ֪ɶмƻãھ֪ôܺϷֲũǣҪ۴ֱĶ𣿡
ǿɲУμᶨҡͷǱˣǾʹ˹ļƻˡ˵ˣҲûӸǡ
ɲ׷ʵҪǲռĿǰĸأٿģȻԼֲ𣿡
ϸ룬ûɶӰˣֻҪӰĹûġȻҲҪ»ֱġ˵֮ĵؾͲˡũ֮⣬һزҪġ
ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰôףЩǺôֵġˬǱģҲŶֹཻ֧Ҹ㽨ء
μشĻͦ棬ʵǻֱģɶ
룬ûģĻص¶ûɣҲ׼˵
аɣϹھͳɡСհ˵ʵڹֺܺãԺû׼سǵĻ͸ˡֳ¶ʱز˳ǡ
⻰øˡ
ϧʱĲسǡʼգôҲҪɵɼߡЦұ֤֯鷳ҲҪռûس㽨衣ֱҪǻȥʱٻȥ
ξȵһһӲȥأ
һᶨǣһ
ξþ˵ʶ֪ܶ࣬ÿ˶سǡ
ǵһĴԼƬ֪ˡ
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ӡһ󲽡һλû˽ĵĺͬ־
ȥ·ϣſĵ¶
ģͲˡ
֪ǶųˣһҲųˡͶͲˡ
ֵأҪˡҲܶȥסˣȥѧУػˣ˵ڴƬˡ
Ҳôãһʱ౦󰡡˷ѡ
Ҫܸ㵽ոͲֻͺˡ
ǰѧʷʱ򣬺ᵽһ֡ƺҲⶫȻ󣬵Ҳóһѡֻõĵ١ʱ˶ΪںţֻеƷ
˵ȻˣҪɱģ˻ǲǵе
㣬ɶأ
Աߵ
֣ӦòֹʶЩеɡ
˵Լϵվ͇NɪˣǵȻˣҰֿǺǵĸֳʶ˿ɶˡһϡɶ
̾˿С찡һ쵽ĸҺ죬С
ôǺأⲻǸ㵱ҰҲ
ս˵
㲻øܵûӣ
ɶ̹ͳɡպԥ
񣺡ˣû
ʵ㣬㻹û˵ɶҰء
ûɶʡҲû˵ˡڰ¶֮ǰȸıͬ־Ĺ
ӹˣͬ־ûϽˡɲС
Ҳͦڣ⺢СҲԼ֧֮һƽʱҲͶչһˡڿǲиզû׷ءû׷ôܾľΪء
ص磬һصȥ˴Ӱ칫ҡ
ӸɲǶڣе¶ء
ˣЦŴк
ǿɶ֪ȥȥˡ
绹ܿУúõúܡЦŵ۵Ǳ߿ţһͷҲ١
ͷˡȻУҲǮԸҪҲҪа
¶Ǿͱˣҵú˵һ¶˵Ҳңҵÿȥ˹ˡһϢҪˣŵóԿ
ӣæʵɶ
˰ӣһ׼ƪ۵ơ´ɱӣץһѲҶ棬һ󱭲衣
ڴĿпˡ
ҽȥе¶˳ѧУզ˵ѧ⣬Ҳ֣ȥ겻Ǿרŷļ𣬽׼ץһѾ¶
ɶ¶һš
СѧϿԡ

Ӹɲѹ֪ǸɶϽ
Ͱʶһ顣
εȷ𣿡
ҲأͦȷģȻἸҾ˳ᣬȻͦãʹȥҺǺ糤ˡ
Ӵɶôӡմ󱦾ȵ
ӸɲҲſ
̾Ҳûɶ˵ȻҪԣǾ͸һ㽱һ´
ŵͷ⽨áԿúǱн
ŵ˭֪Ǻ糤ȻҲ⣬ȻǾڰ칫ϿԵ⡣ȻûǸ϶ҪʵʩġһǶҾ͸ϽܻˣһҪԿ

Цŵɶµģһ飬һԡ
˴ˡ񼱵ӣʦû˾أƸˣ·ݿѧҲˡǱˣǶЩǶûȥѧУˣȥѧУѧĺˣһˣ۶֮ǰɻˣ˵ٶץѱأҪˣñһţ
øɲʶˡ
ȷʵѧУѧʱǶĺӻѧڼءɻʱ䲻ɣҲ谡
԰ҽ飬ѽʦԵĹɣϰ࣬кǰѧиϰһҪдӵǰ棡
մ󱦵ھͿ࣬ǲҪʼʦ𣿻ѧҲ
һ֣ʦλ˵ѧǣҽǴҲѧ𣬿úõͬѧѧȫ⣬𣡡
ɶմۡ
᲻úײǣΪ˴ӵɶ綼罱ءǸŹߣ׼û
˷ܵӣûôˣʦѧУ
Ů͵ˡ
մҲ֪˵ɶˡϾǹİš
һ㶣оԼһġһֱڻ¶Ǻ˵ϿԵ¶ɣ˵˸㸴ϰ¶ɡ
ûΡ
ϿԵ¶絽ɶʱģ
˺˿ڲˮʵӳأ
ǹܽģɡ
һվϣȥ֪ͨÿ׼
лҪ˵ôôգǰдǰˡ


69 
ƸԵӶʮš
Ҳͻмʱˡ
Եص½ѧУ档
ʱ͵ص֪ܿͨÿ˵, ǸϢˡԼҲμƸԵĺҲȥˡ֪Ҳ㿼ʦ
ռߵԱǾþȡ
Ϊ֪ͨԵͬʱ, ϰ¶Ҳ֪ͨˡ
ҸһʦƸ֮Ҫ, ;ˡⲻǵþ²ſѧѧɶ
Ҫཻѧ𣿾ѧѲر, Ƕļͥ˵ҲһʲƸرǺӶļͥ, Ҫȥ飬ҲСĿˡ
뵽ڵУ
ȻͲ󣬻ǸŮޣǰ¶ͦ׵ġÿҲûǳԿǶԴ¶
δҲû񶨴ӵ֪ͨСӳ
ԱκƽûҴ, ҸСӶӳѯ, ԴҲеο
֤ռʹӵԱǴ˼һηıˡ֮ǰи֮֮跴յϴӳ֮󶯲ִӡѾѧ侲˼ӵľˡ
ָıһֽ
ͰѼӳȥѧУ칫ҡ
İ칫ҲӼ׳Ǳ߰ˡ
ˮЩСӳһĵˮĺܵСӳͦϰߣоԼⲻУģͺͼɶ쵼һ
Цŵ, ¶ұҲҪ͵ġֻ̫æˣһֱûʱ䡣Ӧ˵ϢɣڹǱߵġ
СӳҲǴӵɲ, ȻҲһЩ, ֻǲϸڡ
Ͱ֮ǰڴ˵Щ˸˵һ, ϴվڴӵվѧҳ
밡ǴӵʵҪ, ҪǺӰôӻҲ˵δ϶ӳɼõĺӰҪȻǮûطרŸĺǷ룬ǶĺӶûģҲ;ûˣͣ˼ġѾˡզͱĶĺ
СӳҲǾͺƤһ
һпҪ˿ԺҲûɶûᡣԶŻôŸϽʦѧҪȻΪɶôʦֲǮûطⲻΪ˶ĺԺгϢ𣿲ϰͿˣҪûȥ治֪¹ɶҪԣȥйҲҪ֪ʶȥҪõҲҪԡ
˵֮̾¶Ҳǿȣѧ̶١ȥͺô˵ɡ
ǿ϶ǵ˵ǵģ۶󡣡һСӵĶӳݵ
СӳҲôġ
Ƕ˵еǰռˣͱ˿ҲһռͿʼˡƽʱȥĶݣˡ
ȥ֮󣬵¹֮󣬺ܶﵱҵľСӳҿСˡ
СӳǾͰ˵Щ˵һ顣
˵ʱʵС
û˵ģɶΪǶһֱΪ۶ġҪǰи¶˭ǶﺢԺûгϢ۶Ҫǲ㸴ϰ࣬Ǿ·ݱˣҲͬһĺԺǸɶ϶ˣȷɲܲ˵ˣ¶ǿ󣬿ҾöṩۻǰסġզҲܣҼһҪȥһָԺҲгϢ
ǰ飬ѧѡ˭˵ȥշ⡣Ҫѵģ˵ȥ
Сӳøѧ⸴ϰѧҲߣø鱾ѡҲû١ٳ¶
ԱͿЦһҲûⰡ
겻ˣȷˣںǮ
Ҳͦе
ȻҲȥŪġ
ģǸǶǺˡҪˣǻ²İкӶȥѧ
ϣˣȻҲѺǶȥһϢġǻŮȥģǿôϢ޲ǾŮҲѧҪǼôϢŮޣҲȶǿˡҲǺһڣԼҹŮ϶Ҳڲܶࡣ
Ǻáյġ۾һңǴӾġ
˾ͿЦиء
ʱЦ
Ȼʦǻм쿼ԣǴȴ͵׼ˡ
ʦԵԾ⵹Ǽ򵥣ֱȥҹѧУҪһЩѧԾˡ
ڿԿĿõҲôôӡСѧͿţѧ˼롣ѧͿĶһˣѧҪĿƵؿγ̡
ѵҲʦ
һģźǻСѧԺơЩ֪ﾹȻСѧǻ˶ֵҵʱ򣬸˵ѧˡѧˣǶѾˡ
ԼﵹǻУҲֻ˵һЩճԻѣҪʦǿ϶ǲϸġԼҲԼѧУ档
ȻѣֵûѾ뷨
ֱӾгѧҰˡ
ܲܽһλʦ
ѧУ죬һλʮ̫̫
УһʦЦˣѧһλģҺѧġ
񣺡˶᣿
ɶ۹ɶýʦϸгоͻʦġЩ鶼ûҽ㰲ʦѧӦûɡöʦѧġ
ĵѧƻ˶ˡ
ѧԼҲι̣ѧҪۿˡ
۹绹ҲõˣʦҲûϵ
Уһ㶣С˼Ҳܸǵʦ
ʵסԶˣûϵҳӳ͡ʱһھͰӢξˡ
УҡͷҲںũͶ졣ǣ·ĳϾš
񣺡ǹ绹СЩˣ
ôãһֱæŽӣƶ¸ûȥ͸ũ
ռ͵ʱҲû·ŵռ͵ġ
УզûأüءСѧϲ̻ȥǼΡĻУβϸũǱҲȥǵʦҲȥЩûôġҸҲôһ˵СհԼע⡣
˼ĵͷ
ѧ뿪֮ҲûﳵȥųڹĽϡ
ȥǲܵġ֪ˣ֪ˣǾͲܲȥ˸ռȥ
֪֪ʶҪԡرЩ֪ʶӣôѵðĽԴҲʱܹˡδ㲻Уѧӣ˶
ˣųӵתͷȻȥ˹磬˵ױװȥΣ˵ȥũᡣ
ε㿴ʲô
֪ģиȥҽӻشӵģҪȻҶͼžۡǷ˴Ϊռһӣҵú־롣Ǵ˵Ҫһ顣ȫڶᣬҲˣҾȥȥһҲڶúͶ
һλѪĳĺꡣ
ȻҪ󲻺ϹأҲͦкøС
¶Ҳ͵ͷͨѶԱһˣûΪˡ
ν͸ũʵҲһƫƧĴӱԵռ͵ĻҪϡ١
ũķҲéݷܲ
ũͨѶԱ˵ΰŹģ̬ʮֿһ㶼ûΪѣױûҪ
׼
˵鷳ǣȥṤ͹̬ȡҪûС
İɣǱáũЦŵ
Цŵҿ϶ǵģϾҲ߶ǰء
ũζʱЦˡ
ũԴȥũ䡣һĻ
ֻǸũΧǺܴġһƬءҲиԱǱȽɣû˿šһ߾ǲμͶˡ
ãԶͿˡ߸ɻһЩˡЩ˿˪ͶʮˡŮ
ͺһᡣ
̧ͷˣȻ󿴵񡣶ʱһģ۵һˣܹ
ɶأʵ㡣ලͳһʵˡ
ũΰڰ֣ɣͬ־ġ
ʵʵ߹ˣ۾Ǻġ
񰡣ǲҰģɶʱܻȥ
˵ɶɵأи˵㰡߸죬͹
޵ɶʱһȥⶼ ҲˡҲˡҴˣ֪ˡ
һүǣǿ޵ɵӡϧһ㶼ͬ
ɶʶԼĴӦõģ㻹ǵýܸ졣
˵ţӶͳױԵ㶫ɡתͷֺεҺģͲˡȥ쵼ǵˡﻰ͸¶Լ͹쵼ϵá
ҲҪ˿ŵģǹ簲ģǾû¶ˡ
ũЦŵС
ȻԸ߼ල˱񣬾ˡ
ڳױȻ㻹ͦӡҰֵӡ
˭ҶءԺҲϵ㣬κԽ֪ɶ뷨ڿ;öġѹֵȥ棬ԭǱ˼ϲҶ˿۶
᣺ⲻ֪㡭û
Ҫ㱾ӣⲻǵꣿ

Ҹ㣬ҪǿǱңڵ㡣һױԣҭ㣡㲻иһҸ㣬Ҫһֱиʱܴӱ˼ұһšҰֲǱģĺáΪһ޶أޣ
רҵģ
еû㣬ҪôǱֵܣһأ㿴ôã˭ˣ
۾ˡֶ֮ûľͳһͷꡣ
Ҹ㣬ҪԺƽƽ˳˳ӣĶˡʵˡҪȻ´ΣǾͲũˣֱӸ㻨ף
ɶף
顪ָȻһ¡
һ¡
סˣҲû˵ʵҪԺܻ뿪ũģҲ˵֪ⷬԺܳȥԼҪĸģҲǵһ¡ҪȻԺȥˣҲĻرռ͵ˡɲԺռΪٴγ
ˣԡˣһĶҪǹԳԣ
˼Ҷҵġ߳ԱߵЩϾŻƲң˵å
һֱӽĴ˵
ȻԱ߰æ๤ЩԵ㶫
ҲԲꡣ
᣺
߸๤ǿղǸ̬ȵģҲͿģתЩϢ
ˣױȥǣԵҳԵ㶫
λ˿û֡
λͬ־ǲӵ֪ࡣ͸ոλҲûɶϵǶ鿴ĸġҲ֪åϸල¡
᣺
֪࣬λͬ־ɫûô䱸ˡ
Ψһһλ̫̫ͬ־ҲҲŴҲԲ¡
ҲͲǿɴǸ졣
ΪͬӵģȻʲͬǶЩԡҲֵĺòûƲǡ
Щ֪ʶҲ˼䡣
˵ԼǰʦǺǴѧĸ߲
̫̫͵ǴѧУѧУǰǽ㽻ȻԱߵİ׷ͷ㻹ǵòһʱǲҲһν
ˡ
ͨ죬ŪǸԵ
ǴӴкѧУϽڡнģѧģѧģѧġ
Ƕѧ˵Ӣˣﶼ˵䡣
۾ֱˡ
ţ˰
λʦ˾塣
̫̫Цǹȥ¶ˡ
ûйȥҵú͹ȡʦȥѧУȻǽСѧʦǽ̽ѧУʦ
λϽڿ쿪˵ڿЦ
̫̫εˣ嶯
ᶨҴ嶯ġ
׷֪ʶӵԼñѣմϱ߶ûô
ôءЦŵ
Ҳũ̫࣬ױ£ʹæˡ
ЩϽҲû£ֻ֪̫ˡ
򺰵ɶʱҰҡ
ͷҲأӻ֣úø졣
ռ͵ʱ˳ȥѧУǱ߽ҪõԾˡԼ档ȿѧУȥˡԾĹҪˣʱ࿼Ծɼ¼ȡҲòġ
źԾȥи˵
˵Լȥũˣ˳Եȥġ⻨Ǯ˵Ļܲܶˡ
ɰиϱжˡ
û˵ģ̫ˡҲ̫ˡ
ռңզȥиˡ
ͰԼȥ¶˵ˡ
㿴ɶӴιǶˡŮ¶һӶ˵ġ
ⲻΪ˸Ҹܵձ󡣡
ĿԼӣԼҲġ
ŷ룬̣Һˣÿ춼ȥල칫Ҷٴ㿴иǰֻڰ칫ء
̻Ǻһϱӣ졣Ҷӿɴ졣
вģҲҰ
Ҷ͵͵ЦĵԼԺԲܺϵҡ
˵ֵأҽȥũ֮һ뷨ˡ
ǸΧأʵɶ뷨
ڶﰲʦ͹֮˾͸ɻˣ˴ܸܲɻɡȥũ뵽ˣ͸ũǱ߲ˣ
ռһ͸ũͷƤ顣
ʵǾǸ˵ĵض
Ҷ񰡣㲻ǱߵŪռɡ
ǿ϶ᰡֻŪһ˾ˡЩʵʵµģǿ϶ŪùЩ·ŵ֪ʶɶģСŪ۶ɻⲻܶһһ׼ֵĶգⶼҪأþ뵽ⷨˡ˵İŰ۴ԽԽõġ
үү̵ģӰЩɶǳϾš
ɶӰ죿ܸũɻƾɶܸ۴Ӹɻ粻ôƫġ磬۱ȡԴ
ǰ˵ģҪ͹ȡԴ¶
ھˡ
ΪӳԴ
˵öԣҪˣ͵æ
磬̫ˣ޵
һ䣬ЩƮˡǶϢ˰ֻҪΪ˶ãҾһƴȡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


70 
ڶ, Ϲʱ, ˳ʹӸɲһ뷨¶Ҫ︶ʲôԴ, Ҳû׼, ֻʹӸɲ˵ô¶¹ͬͬ⣬ԼӳҪȥġ
ϾǺ˵˴󻰵, ֻҪΪõ¶ƴҲҪȥ졣
ҪҪȻ˲۶Ժզܵأ˶ǵλð
⻰˵е
ӸɲΪȻʦ͹֮, ˵Ҳ˼ʮءЩҲˡ
ܴŪɻ, ɶҪԼء
¹ܴķ취Ǻð취
ũЩ˶ҪͶģøǷʳֻҪԱͳˡ
Щġ
ﶼǸɻ, զͲռ͸ɻء
˵ǿ
֮ǰզûء˵ʱ򣬹統ʱҪ·˵ǶģֻǵʱǾ鷳, ҲЩ˼벻õ, Բžܾˡ
˿, ˡ
ȫˣʮ֧뷨
ˣ, ȥˡ
һ·ϻͦţ¶ܳ𣿡
ܳҲɣΪ˴ӺãܲҪȫϷˡ
򣬸Ĵָ
Ц˻
񣺡
˹磬ֱͦˣֱȥҺǡ
磬ǻûţˡ
ЦС¶ģ¶Ѿ̶ˣ·ĩԾʵʩ
ЦлҵΡ
ΪҲǺҲеЦܸˣǺͬ־
ֿͬ־ʲô¶
Щ߾ʿˮһǣ͹ġ
ǲǲǷչܺҪʲôط
˵
ָָӣǾ˵ɡ
ˣҲˣͰѶѴ˵ˡ·ϣѾˣ˳ŵһ㣬һ˵ˡ
ӽ˵˵
һжǸ湫ĽŲߵģռ͵ӱ˶ϡ٣عϡԴ
Ǿ뵽͸ũˡǱ߻кܶ·ŵͬ־أǸɻҲΪͶ졣ⶼǸ죬ռͣǲҲһۻȥģͶ޵еͿɾ񡣡
˵֮ûһ£ֵũҪũӸǱȥˣҲֵܸһ¡
üͷȻЩͬ⡣
Щ˿ɶ͸ķӣɲ
ǣҾǶӳ˵ǺпʵġǶôţҲֻΪռʹӣΪ˹簡ЩԴǾܰȥģȻֲһЩ²Ʒֵĺãǲʵ𣿡
ʵҪ²Ʒ
ǰǣ֪ģռͲһֱ󣬸ϺˣӸɲԱǶͦĵģܴաǼ˼棬Ǿ뵽ٳ·ⲻУǾֱġҲ֪еȥֲǾ͵˹ļƻˣǾԼģʧˣҲӰ칫磬ɹˣԺҲⲻǶ綼洦𣿡
ϸϸţҲ˼
ٻЩ칫ı仯Աڲǰ֮⣬Ǳ仯ҪȻҲϡʮͷĸҲϡ޽שˡ
ǲΪ
Ϊʮֺ͡Ӱ죬Ҳı䣬ɲõĺˡ
ռ飬ЩĶˡ
ʵ飬ֻҪӰճϹǻǺܲķӡ
Щˣǲùܰһô죿
ЩģЩǴܽȥģС͵СҲСӰԱȫ
ҲҪϰҲܲЩˡ鰡ҪЩֵģùˡûʲôɱġ
ϸһ룬ҲЩ·ĳϾˡ
üͷ룬ЩˡֻҪܸɻС
ǵǸ˺ܶũˣӦҲС
ǣҪԣȰһùȥԣҪǲУٸŻȥ
żҪǲһͷһ¡Ǵ¶ǻǲԼ
ȻֻǼˣЩǴ·ģҪġ
ӵȡ
ǳ
񲹳ԣǻҪʦˣ˸ɻһ˵·ҪˣǻøϽ࣬ʦȸǸϰһ֪ʶܲܵ´ʱ򣬿ĳɼ̫ˡռҲ뿼óɼ
һҲͦӹߵģҲ⡣Уȥһ¡
ǣۿָˡЩ
֪֪ЦŰ֣Ȼ߳칫ҡ
ʱϴһȻСЩϾͶˣܸɻզоЩأ
û˾ͲˣˡҪһЩ׳㻹ⰲ׳ǡ
еͷ㿼ǵܵ
Ϻͬ¶糤߾ûʲô⡣
¶糤ֺ֧ǡرռҪգҪһʯͷӵˡҲһ׷ı֡
粻ܸϵ֧֣Ҫ棬ȻܰͰ
˵ˣ氲ŵʱҲ˵·ŵ칫磬Ҳûĸص㡣ŲطҲǲܽ
⣬ȷвõӰ֮󣬾ͬ¶ˡ
ذ칫ҵʱ˻һġ
糤˵ϽģҲŬǺøɲ˵ֻˡ
ƴģûƴõˡ

ũԱ϶ڹ籣š
ۺϰ칫ҳ͹ˣںǰ칫棬ʼˡ
鷸ƵĲҪܶŹĸҪ˲Ҫ
ʣ֪ʶˣһļλ֮⣬мλĿĿġЩ˵侹ȻҪᡣ쿴˼ңöʮˣʵҲʮҲʮꡣ
Щ꣬⼸λռͶҪ
ǿ˸ˣ֪ʶӡ
糤ӦûʲôùġǻǺֵܱġ
϶ûģǶ˶ܰæء
šǵͷ͵дһӣдЩҪռӽпͶũ˰Ҫšд˼˵֡˹ӡ
ȥǱ֪ͨһҲ׼һ¡ȥˡ
񱦱һùӡжϡﻩģ쵼֧ǵĽ蹤ԽԽˡĺ˺칫硣
Ǻ糤Цˡ
糤쵼Ҫ㹤֧֣ǻʲô쵼Ҫ֯
æĵͷ
ֵѪϽꡣ
糤ӵ֪ͨͦȡǳ˰칫ңʵȥһũҪˣ⶯Ҳ̫ˡ
ҵøлҪȥũҶû뵽ǱͶءʹˣҺҺá
һһҲǻ¡ǵúЩմϱߡ
粻Ҳйڣɶµġ
ҡͷȥȥȥˡһΪռܶˡ
Цģ˭Ǻ쵼ء
οЦãˣųũȥ
ҲϽȥ
öͻȻ־ﲻ̤ʵ⻹ǵһθ¶Щ¡
ɶ
¸ίᰡЩմߣﲻ̤ʵһǻѪֿ֮ʼ˼ˡ
ΪʵˣһӶûЩմߡ
񷭰ۣǶ£ɶίﶼܹܵط
Ŀڣǣڸɶ
ȥסĵطѽܲûط˯ɡ
˵Ĺ簲˯ţ
һȭͷģòҪ㰲˯ţ˯𣿡
񣺡
ռʹӿɲסĵط޽˽ҵ֪֮Ϳˡ
ͰŶ˰֪ʰʰ޲һݶ׼˰ߡ
֪Ȼ絥̹Ǹ˽סһԺҲ÷ֿиӦʱڣҲܰչ̫ãʱ򲻺ýôƽԴá
ݶ֪Ǹ͸ũ޷ӣ⣬ݶͺסһ¾ͳˣũá
񺰵ǴӹҪģһô˭͹罻۹ȱ˵ʱҪ߿ɳչ·۹ⶼųԶ㡣
ԭˡ
ֲ˵֪ʶӴء
ӾĳԶ
ס÷Ӿܶɻȷʵ㡣
һֱάҲûʲô⣬ܿ޲ˡҲǸɸɾġ
˳İҶѬһ飬ŵζ
վԺŵö¶
֪Ǻ͵˲Σ֪ʶˮƽΪԺ߿ʵ׼
ԸǽӢγ̣ЩʦɱȰʦǿĲһ㰡
ΪʦԾ
׼Լĵģȫˡ
û׼Ըıߣ㷢չܱһ˷ܶǿ
˫ֲЦ۾ˣ֪ʶı簡
񰡣񡣡
棬иϱ»ĺţܡ
񶼲ʣ֪ɶġ
Ȼ»˷ܺˣ͵񰡣ǼɶʱԻ˵ũǱҪˡ
ԣ̾һˡҽҲ뵽ˣǻûڣǾֱӷˣ˵鷸ƣˣå˲СʱһɵĿҡ
»ɫˡز
ﻹᰡҪᣬǾǺˡϲǲ֯ˡǲǣ
ô찡һΪǼҲܻ
ģôҲ۶ˡֻҪúñ֣һ취ġ
»ˣɶӰ
ⲻѾ˵ˣǻ˻֮취Ǳְλʱص˻ǲٹһӣǱǵ¶ˣҾнڣ͹Ҫˡ
ôɣ
ָͷ꣬ܡ˵ȥˣȥҲزˡһᰲŵģҡ
»жĲˡռͣҲԸһˡ
УҪõиģͿڡ
ͷġ
лҪ˵ôôգ


71 
ڶһ, ͺųũȥˡ
ũѾ׼ˡ
λ֪ʶӶҲʰ, ͷſڷšҲſվš
ʱ, Щ֪ʶũ, п֡
ʱΪҪһأ˭֪ͻȻͱˡ
Ȼƾ, һһľϤˣôļء
ΨһֵҵǣЩѶ÷ֿһߵġ
ͣũſڣʹˡ
⼸λϽҲһȡ
ЦЦ, Ҳûȥ˵, ֱӺũн
йǸũҲΪѡ
ũξЩˡ
ȱ˸ɻЩ˼ÿ궼ܼĵ㶫ũĶ󲿷ǶܷһЩ
ũ̾, Ӵ֪ǰͲũˡǻˡ
ԩ, Ҫ, һЩ׳ģô, ҲΪ˸Ƿֵһ¡
ũܲ˵ʵɣֻܳ̾ʾԼǶô᲻Щˡ
, ͰŴװ
Ҳû·ޱ֮Ʒʰģһͺܽ
ţ⽲˵ﶼסũܰԼʰôɾȥռҲ֪ܸܲɻأɱˡ
ҪҪЩˣĲģ̫鷳ˡ
߹ҪҪȥ˵˵
ˣҪҡͷԼɵ¶顣
һֱ˶˳뿪ũˣϽſƺҪ⵽ɶ
Цŵ˵ˣҪ뼸λʦȥϿεġ
ģϽǾȵĲˡ
ƺţһ֪໹
Ƕ͹綼ͬġԺϣʦǶˡ 
λϽڶһ£֪⵽ô¡
һ֪ôǴũġ
ϧɶ˵ˡ
ռͣռͺö˶ųӺ濴֡ڹ۲Щũˣ˵ǿŲܸػˡԺ𲻵ɶá
֪㣬æ֪ᶫ
Ͻڿ˿֪ķӣԺס
ͷǰǶ֪סĵطţһ㣬Ƕ޲ˣҲ©©ꡣ
ܺãͦõġ
ϽǾͦģӿɱũöˡһԺӣǰ׽
ԼȰסţԺйᰲǡ
ͬ־ǵʲôѽ
ˣΨһŮԳ黪½ڵ
񿴹ϣʵʮ꣬ǿʮǺɷһ·ŵģ˵ʮֵһũܹ֡
ģֻǹʺǰһĵȴЩ¶һҪš
½ڵˡʲôæ𣿡
Ͻڵ꼶ȻˣǸɻǿԵġ
ЦŵлˡĵȶﰲŰɡԼ߳СȰٺˣû׼вˡȥͶｻٹǡ
˵ž߳ȥˡ
ϽǶڵôҲ벻ͨ
žͰԺŴˣ⿴ֵԱǶؼң߻ơ
ҪȥӰ첻á
̴߿֣ʵɶʱܸɻզûӺá
ѧУ¶ź˵զҲȰѺѧУˣ۲æģǲǣ
ǵģǻء
ҲǻЦ޲ȥ顣
ȥӻ㱨
ӸɲǶմЩˣԶһ˰ģû˹ʡ
֪ˣ˿ɶʱǿġ
 ҵ밲ţЩĳ¶ȹ۲Ǽ죬µط᲻ɶһҪæѧУ¶Ļÿأż
ǾȰţЩĵ
˵ҲǣӣȻˣѧУҪʦԾûءһ׼ȥ˰æģڲˡЩ˺ͦĻģӦû⡣ʡ¶ˡ
ģ
ӸɲǶЩš
εǿǳϾŰ
ϾžͲԾˣֵʳ˳أûɶֻҪܸ۷ֵˡܲɶ¶ȥҹ硣ǸͿġòҪˣȻþϡҵӹҪ˻Ϊ۷ֵģɲǣɶ¶ίԼġ
Ҳͷ
ȷʵҪ˸ֵһˡ
Ļˮƽߣģæȷʵá
ǾԾɣæٰǸɻҪģԼŰš
ӸɲǼҲͬˣҲûɶˡ
Ҫġ
Ҳ˵ҪģȻˡ
һʱ䣬ռͶЩũĳϾǡ
˵ͱҲûɶġǶЩͷ̫̫ࡣǰզ־ͺء
һЩ벻ͨ
кſǽ͵˷֮ŵԴܡ
ռҲ棬̻ȥ׳ɶء
Щǲͦµġ
ЦŵһȺ֪ʶӣɶµġ
Ļش𣬡̣˼Ҳֹ£ͦģũ̫̫ǲһ
ӡ
ʵҲȥ֪㿴ˣᰡһͦģ⼸ɿ𣿡
ɶܱûкá˭ùǵģͶءоͲˣ㻹
̾ҲǣǵġˣҲԲ˶ʳɻ϶ܱȳԵĶࡣ۶Ϻȵġ
Ҿ֪Թң˵Ұ컵ˡ
ӣǲ£
ռ˶һǴĿ
°ҲܲͬĿ
˭ûʧֵʱ̬ȡ
Լԩˡ²ؼүү׵ֻεİ֣ûǻ¡ԹҲԹǲǣզܹء֪ⷨǺõģǹûźá
̵˻

һԼŵ¶㲻ãҲḺġģӰ쿪ĵ¶ġ
ѹ粻㡣
˾ǲ䣬ͷİɡ
ϳ극Ҫȥ֪㿴ЩϽڡռ˵Ľǣȥ˽һܸɶũиסôŲ󻯣ҪȻû
ãû㰡
·ϣɫá˾զˡ
˵ԼȥҪ˻ģû뵽Ҫ˺ԼĲһоЩԲӡġ
ڶεĲˣ⻰ֹûοɶԼʹҲֵܷ㹤ģܱû˺áǴӳԹˣ
ҡͷǵǣԼĺİ컵ˡ
Ϲ룬û¡ۼү̫̫ʮˣһܸɻû¶ġ
ͷȥǣܸɶҲҪš
˵ž֪ȥˡ
Ȼ·ˣ˵Ļѧһ顣
󻹷ۣ޾̫˵ҲԹɣҲΪ۶ãǲǣ
ǣ˻ûµأ˭֪ܸܲɻ̫ϲˡ
ģ¶öԶﲻã֪ܡ㿴Ҫǻɲ϶ҴŲ֪
˵ɲǣԱƫƻ⣬ʼ˭ҺҪμӿˡ
֪ʱϽǶԺ졣Щ꣬ҲѵеĻеʱ
ϽҲ˷ˡ߶ֵʳҲǺǰ׿ʳˡǳԵĵǺܿġ
֮ѵõ˼һռ͵԰⡣
Ҳ֪ǲãľɫҲũÿʱһֺܷɵ״̬
ˣǶͦˡ
Źϣǽ˵
ЩҲʹ˵ֻܳˡ
黪ЦŵʵҲкܶ໰㡣ǻ˵ɡ
Цŵͷ£ŰԼνǴũҪ¶˵һ顣
Ͻһ飬ûɶĻһ첻֪˵ɶ
Σ½ڵİʵæǹǽӢ
ҡͷȻֹҵʱ򣬾͸ԼĿ꣬Բ»Ķ껪ҼȻũ壬ҾͺúõĸһũҵռͲֹ治У±̸ϣνصԶҪ˰ҳ⣬ָҡũͼλ̸֮ҾǶöܹ࣬Һܴİ
ⷬýǶݣʱҲǱһǻѪġ
Լʱĳ
ڵǳ磬ڵ֪࣬һǵģǵĻԺؽԽԽǿ󡣡
ЦŵͷǵģҲһ㡣ֻЩ˿ܻûҵȷķ鲻ǰҪͷ
ϽЦŵ֪࣬ҵ㣬Ǹеоģũ壬Ҳﲻ㰡
κ֪ʶ˵Ҫġ϶ܰæʱ򡣡
ϽڵǾͺãģֻҪҪҿ϶ȫ֧ġ
Ҳʾᾡæ
ö궼ûɹרҵ¶ˣǻͦġ
½ڻЩģԿĵ尲ǹģǵʱǲȥģôʹҽأ
Цŵˣʵ֮ǰҪһЩֵˡó˻еæҾܴӶⰲ˳ɻҲòˡ
Ͻںһλ׺Ͻھˣʲôеڻлеֵأ
ҲǺռֻЩЧҲǺܸߣǱ϶ҪЩЩǻҪ뷨Ūء
ҪŪˣǿ𣿡ϽһȤ
½ЦǼʲôеȤ
ãáϽԼѾҪͺŵǼ⻹ѧ⿴
ڽ¼ѧϣҲǰá
˶Ц
Ȼ˵аšЩϽҲûڼš
λ֪ǴũųˣҪǰűĹ˵ɣǿ϶ЩѵġҲλ֪ȡ
Ҳûɹȸһӣȴ֪İš
ǸɴԼһƬءԺԼֵ˺֮ģҲϺˡ
ǾųͷһȥĵϿˡ
˶ǺĲˣϹʱǱȥ
ɻӵһһ۵ģǿžͲСԱǱʾܿЩͶ
ÿǲֶʳ
ʱҲûȥǣæѧУʦƸ¶
Ծ׼ˣԾҴˡʣµľǰſ⡣
յĽ滹Ҫ
ﵱȻûͷκһӵСѧҲûṩôľԺĿԼġ
ǽһʽһľ尲ȡ
ôҲʡľϡ
ö˼ͳԷʱ䣬ѼŰһģӡ
ΪӦԣʦȥҸӣд֣ǰȥš
ҲǸṩ¶ԱǵûСͦԼܰæġ
Ұ֮󣬿Ͳúˡ
󣬺칫總ѧУԾͿʼˡ
һģӸӵ֪͵֪ʶӾ͸ҹ·ˣ
ʵϴ֮ҲԶôԶ·ģЩ˶Լٵˣ˯˯ţԸǰҲҪȥռߡ
Щӵҹ·ռ͵Ƕмˡ
ҿӰѧУڶˣҪȻҹ·Ҳˡ

еĿѧУλʦİŶ룬Ȼν벻ͬĽ档
Щ֪ʶǽѧУδԽڴˡ
һжõķչ
˼˼ڸתһȦලԼɣ̸ˡ
ս˷ˣΪУԼرˣòμӿԡ
ܴУڴලԡ
ȥվͱıˡ
㣬Уʲôָʾ
֣п㿴ǣɶ뷨
а̫ˣòμӿԡո˵㣬̫лˡ
һۣܲгϢ
յ⻹ûϢҶУˡ
Ͳسǣ
û¶ͦõģҲŻسˡ
Ϊһˣôû׷̫ʧˡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


72 
ռʧ, ʱЩ, Сʵ, У, ΪʲôͻȻ˵ѽڲǹĺúõ𣿡
νԶǱнǡ㿴֪඼ڽ, ȴԭֵ̤Ūļ׳㻻˸ְλ֮⣬㻹ʲô
Уͦ𣿡ղ
ԴУҲһֱģ룬һ첻У, 뿪ռأ㻹ܺúõ
һ, ΪʲôҪ뿪ռͣ
ȻΪҹ̫ˣһ֯ȥ˱ĵطҲпܵġʵϣǰӺǾͺ˼, ҵʱĴңԾܾˡҲһֱܾ֯ϵİţ˼򲻸ߡ˵˵, Ҫ, զ죿
԰, ô죿
һʱãץץԼͷӶץˡ
Ȼż񣬡, ô찡
ЦŵȻǴһ߰
նʱһϲ㣬𣿡
ǱģϾһʼ͸Ǻ֧ҵģҲǲˡ
ɵЦǣҶĹ
˿ȣǰɣҾߣһ̫˼ҿϣҲ߰
ԣסˡ
ǣǡ
̾԰һֱΪδģΪδ취ҿϽҲż
նˣҲǲϽҾôѽ
ЦŵûϵûͲҪÿʲһҪÿһ˶ܳΪ˲šΪͨˣҲҪ׷Լڷ֮⣬ǻҪѧߵ˵֡û֣Ҳô̹ǲǣ
ĵͷ
ΪúҪԡҾһǮﹺũûеⲻõֻҪܰæ˭˵㲻Ҫ
жãʱǸǵôܵ
Ҫ㣬ڻſڵɻء
ĳɼμйԿ϶Ҳǿġ
㣬ҪʲôеûУ
ɵȻûеģֳ͡
Цˡе
Ҳ鷳۲ˣ򡣵ǮܲҪǷǿԴǷҲˣ۶ԽԽˣĸܶУ۶ﵽʱ򻹿һЩԼǮ԰϶Ǯ鷳ġ۾Ҫǣߣ˵˵ûͳˡ¶Ѱɡ
յǶ﷢չǿõġôܲǮءģҸҰд˵˵
ЦдŸʲôֱӴ绰Ҳ͵ģûʲô˵ġ
Ǿʹ绰Ҳͷдˡո˵
û绰ģǱҲȥǵȥʾִ绰
⵹ǲȿԽ֮
ֻԼסһֱֹ¶ŵʱԼ˵㣬һ¡ϴλȥѾţˣֻ֪Ųš
ʦһֱŽ
֮еԾŪ֪㣬Ͻǰġ
öûĹԾϽǻЩꡣ
ΪҪԾĻǾͲˡ
˵¶Ҳûԡ
ʵϣЩϽǸɻȷʵȲˡ
ĥ⿪ĵĹҪֻ뵽Ļֺìܡ
ƫƫ¶һˡ
ѧУҪˣҪˣҲҪˡ
ͷһηռ˶ϡء
ҪӡֱӾڰ칫ʹӸɲ˵¶ˡ
ӸɲǾе˲Ŭ
ˮ˲ⳤ֮ǰóԶʳܸ֮ɻҲҪַʳġһĽ

һĬ
εǣҪĵ¶ȷ£
̾ΣɲС۷ˣԺ󲻻˵ˣ͹˵ƻˣѾͷǲùʧ𣿡
մ󱦵ĵô죿
Ȼ취ˡһĥ˻ɻȻҲɿء¶ԵöࡣʹˣɻǼλ֪ʶӵܸɻĥŻЩ¶Ȼǲ£֪ʶӸ˸ɶ
ɶ
˵ںܾǰǵϴǱ߾ũҵеˡ˵ոһ˲һƬءҪ۶ԱǣţתʯˡֻҪӵ棬ֱӾˣɸɾġ磬װ۶棬ܿһƬء
˵ЩɰѶĸɲǶסˡ
ǻô֪꣬ũûеô򵥡
մʿˮҪܶǮɡ
ⲻǮ⣬õ⡣۹ڻûռأֻһСֵũСԺܶ˶û˵֮󣬾֮ǰͬѧ˵ũĻеǵطش٣ط֣ع͸䱸Ǹ
εҵ찡Ҫˣʡ¶˶ŵȷˡ
۲ô롣֣ҪͿɣ˻۾ҪأָʳԲʳҹ绻ǮƱʱһûӹ
ĳ̫ˡĸɲǾþòԸѹ
̾⣬Ҳ򲻵
Ӹɲǣ
մ󱦵Ҳ𡣡
վһᶨ֯ϽǣѾͽѡԲκѵͷĵǴӾʷԵ壬ԲܾôˡΪһشҾ뾡ְ취ҲҪȥŪЩеڶǮ
մһ㶣Ȼһ֡׳룬һЩǮټеǮܹǧˡ
ǧԤеǮ
Ǯ֪ܲܶ
һ룬ǲͿմӣŲǧ

Ӹɲ۾ֱˡǧɲСĿ
մʿˮ⣬ǲǻǷǮ𣿡
Ǹû¶ˣһϡ治ɫ
ҿ
۾ֱ
ԥԥģ͵᲻úײǡǧǮɶһӾ׬ˡ룬ҪЩеֶܶʳԲʳǻӣһֱһֱáԲϵĸ൱ڱһֻ½𵰵ĸռͣϾܸԣˡ
մ۵Ĳˣһ̨һզ죿
ͷǰǧҲֻһ̨ҪȻΪ½𵰵ĸôˣ
ô
ӸɲǼˡȻǮǵģǮҲڴӵģóȥˣо¶ 
ЦˣǶ˻Ķǲã۵ʱȥû׼ͻرˡġ
԰ۻȥҲȻ
Ȼ⣬ôõĻҪ֪ˣǻ᲻ã
ǿ϶밡ܶʳɱʲôʵݡ
ӸɲĬĬˡ
մֱô̡
ţԼ˻ˡ
ǸˣˮˣҲ㣬ܲҲһ˵ء
ͨˣأ⻰ʱоˡ
Ҫ򵽣ǿܻԥһ£ܲ򵽶һ˵أﷴˡ
òɧ
ǵܲ򰡡
취԰ɡܳɵȻá
ԣ۾ֻҪǺöսҲҪ򡣡˾ͿģʳҪȥ
¶ôճ̡
Ծûĳֺһȥ绰
ӵ绰츱˵Ĳˡ
ڵʲôְλ¹ô벻ҡ
֣رӣر㡣
츱ᡣ
֣سǡ
ίҸ϶ڳء
츱ѹŮֶԲ㡣һ취ġٵȵȡ
ʲôѽҪԼ֣ǹ˵ˣֻҪΪ׵ģԺлسˡ
츱Ҫʲôס
վͰԼõ˵Ǹ˵һ顣͸츱ڹͬ־Ƕ뷨ӽũ壬ϣɾʮ㡣ũƬҲҪ˹ġҪĺãԶԶԾŪũûе츱æһ£Ըս
˵֮ջرϿҵ֣ũ֮ҲɳˣҲΪũһҸɳɼˣҷĻسžۡ
ڼԵĹŮ˵µĻ츱ָᡣ
ããָæ
յ֣ҪǮʱø˰ŸշչǮ˺ܶǮˣ϶ܻǮġ
УҰʡ
֣ҪҪ졣
֪ˣ츱ֱӹ˵绰
ƵĹϵ绰㣬Ұֲˣҵ绰ˡ
Ҫ֣Ҳùҡ¡
ҲΪ۶
Цˣ¶ˣȥԽȥ͡
۾һϡ
˷̽ӣԱָ֮еһݣ͹ȥ͵ԣ´Ҫġ
񣺡ҵʲôˣҿǸ硣̫Сˡ
ȻһͿˡ
չЦ㣬㿴綼㣬ܵס
ǹܵסΪ롣뵱һ˾
һ²ؼӣͦġҲˣ̸ʲô뱧ûõġ
С˵ĹذѾϰӮĴ
ڹӪſڵ̨棬С죬ҿˣǸעҪˡ
˷ܵߣ㣬զ֪Ҳô˵ҡ
񣺡ҿˡǰɣĸ˵˵ÿ߹ǲҲҪɵ
ǻУۡվñֵغöˡ
ûһ㶼۵Ļÿ촩Ư·ƯͷĨں졣СƤŹ񳵣
մ˴֣ҰֶûӰ
ֻҪҵģӡ

պɵ㣬ҲûӰ
񷭰ۣ㶮ʲôǲϲ̹ӣҾϲææµµÿ׷ͬҪҸո˵ӣ򵥵ĺܡĹŵʦҪǽĹҸɲˣҲ͹ˣ
յͷ㡣ܹԽ¸Ĺ
ҲˣҪȻԼͲˡ
ʵ㣬Ҫôܹѽ
̫ˣֻҪ㰴˵ڣ˵
ꣿ᲻̫
ļ򣬡껻һӣ𣿡
ʹҡͷ
лҪ˵


73 
к˭վΪԼӦһֱӵġСûԹͷ, ֮, , ҲûԼ͹̹ˡ
Щ̹Ӷ˵á
ǶְСŮ˵, ޷ܾջ
ӣ, ˵꣬Ǹɶ
ѧʲôѧʲô
ѧϰ۾һɣʲôҪѧϰ
Ʋ, Ҫ, ҪôͣҪôֲŻ𣿡
ʵҡͷ
Ͷԣֻʣ²Żˡ㲻ѧϰôάԼĲŻ
ЩϾҲвŻءյҲ
ĵԴ, ΪвŻű·ţΪα㲻ͬǹ˽׼ֵλĸ߼ʦһ, ߳ȥأ
յͷ, , вŻˣ𣿡
Цŵʹ, ֻҪвŻдӣдĺˣҾͰݣϱֽǼΣ֤˼ϾǻģϵġҾܸȡĹũѧѧ֪ģƽʱϿΣǱߺһͬ棬治
˷ܵĵͷ㣬ȥ𣿡
򵥵úܣҲ֪Һ͹Щ쵼жˡҪܰæҲĹף㱾дһЩ±ԼĲŻ˼꣬Ǿˮɵ¶ҿ˵ũѧöɲŮءǲͳͬѧˣ
Ȼ򣬡ȻҾܼ޸˼ң񳵣
ûԴӡզӰ죬ѧˣ
յҲгҿŮӡ
Ա˵ģǾ㿿ű˹ӣһ˼Ҳ⹩ˣ㻹зǾǳ³㲻ֻȥ
뵽ӣʱ˸£뵽ԼܻԼ϶ס
㣬ʲôȿȣҲˡ
һ⣬ͶˣԷ¶ֲѣɶҪԱ˵ءҵģ뷹ԱȳԱҪס
æĵͷͬѧɶأ
ͬѧˣЩɲŮʶˣϵˣҵʱ˼һܲһѣ㵽ʱȥβŹҰǵλβҾȥɶøɣ·ļȻ֮ǰдӵֲŻдƪӣܵ쵼ֽȲ֣䱸񳵡
˷ܵĴֵ֣ÿ϶˯žأ쵣ĳ¶Ҫǵ쵼ɶòģÿ̹̹Ĺٻ˾
ѽ㣬𣿡
ôأʲôʱƭ㣿ƭʲôôֻҪ㰴ҵҪһߣ;ܹ·һߵģҪ˵һȥ쵼ǿ϶Ǻġÿһ㰲ŵģ㻹ܻʲô
ղ˼Ҳǻ㣬Ҿûֺܹӡʵ֪ԼͦûõġֻܿҰ֣ҰҪˣҸ϶Ҳҵģˡ
ӱ¶ͷ
Цеʲôûãÿ˶õġ˶ȥũɻأ㻹ܱȲ
վԼֻ۲åǿ̫ˡ
㣬ҿ϶ǿġ
ͶˣֻҪҰţڣϴѧ˴ѧͿʼԺɶҲóˡ
Լһ£Ҳʼɵˡ
ʵ㣬ôôð׸̫ˡ
̾ǼͥҸҽ㶼ҲףһֱϣиõĽáô£ҾͰ㵱ˡ
ӴͬոжϡﻩġȻͥǸĴ쵰
㣬ԺҲ㵱׽һ϶Ҹ绹ס
˽ӻʱ򣬾Ϳӡ
һɵզˣСˣ
Ϲ˵ҽҺأŲ۸ҡղ˵
죬ˣԼˡ
·̲ס˸ոճɶ¶ˣΪɶޡ
յȻҺãҸж¡
磬ԺҲҪСõ㰡
Ҷ˭ã
СҪõ㣬ϾСԺҪɲˣҪ乫أãԺܸɲ˾ˡ
ô˵նִԼԺȷʵһᵱɲһֻʱѡ
̧ͷͦء
ַȻԱߵգһš
ɲ
⣿
ȷǻϰиҪ˰ɡ
ȻӣҶ˵ĬĬĳĻ
վ͸ˡԼԺר˾ȥ˾̫ˬˣ
ռ֮ʹȥһ֪㣬ϽԾ
һٶ˿ԣÿ˿ſγ̣Ծ١
оϽڣҪȻҪԾĽˡ
СѧеԾϽ˵Сһ۾ġ
ʱǹҪβˡλϽڶʼͳƳɼˡ
Ͱ߰æͳƳɼȻ½ǰæղΣҪĿƲ֡
ôյģϵӣͦѧģҲϽҲˣӲ⣬ѧϰɼ߲ˣ֪λʦвŻʦǽ̽
գӿɴɼãӲáӺͳɼûйϵġ
ҲҲ̨Ž
½ǿ˿գСԲԲĵͦϲġҲʺѧϰ䡣
Ͱʵѧʲô
ѧд¡ѧѧģ˳д˵дµ˺ܶ࣬дµ١׳ͷ
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Ҳôģ۲ܼٴաдʵڵġǾ鷳λʦ
ѧѣġ½ЦЦ
ҲЦˣǽ̵ѧ٣ܴϲֻҪѧ̳ܽ
ڵǺģҲܸл֪ࡣҲΪ֪顣
һȺûлϴѧˣѧ֪ʶǵȻҲ̡
мҪѧãǾͺ˵ҹ
գ
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ȥһҲû˵ɶЩż򲻵
ӸɲҲЩżզˡ
ɶⶫȫǾģһССҪҲҪѵġҲиȥҴأ϶ҪȽ˵˵ȥ̫ˡ
ôŴҵθڡ
̫׵õĶͲ֪ϧ֪Щеũ߲벻򣬶ܲ򵽵ġ
´ôǮеǲŻ
Ҳûȥհְ֣Ҫ˼ʱ䡣
⼸죬ڳʱʦƸ¶ˡ
ʱ䣬ڼλϽڵҹ֮£Ծˡ
Ǻˡ
Ρ
⼸Ϊ۵ĺȦˡ
αȥӵʱˣ㣬డҲũɶ١
ǰɣ˵ˣҲôɵġҪ쵼ҪȻԺҪæ¶ء
յͷֵܲԼѧôʦѹͦġ
̾Һ˵꣬ʦָǰ£Լӣʮ궼ܳɲš

߽ݾ¶ɶҪԶ·أЩ˲ҲǸʦѧģ
գô¡
ô£úѧҪǹҵһƬģҾȥѧ
ռˣΪɶ
˭˵׽أҵù㰡
˵ͽ˴Ӱ칫ҡ
գ

Ӱ칫ɲ֪ɼˣ˳Χ뿴Լݻߺ¼ȡûС
ֱӽ¼ȡķǿ
εһֲٰģԾȻǴӹѧУҪģҪʱҪ˺ܶݲͬԾȻѡһס޶ȵıЩǰ֪⡣ҲûˣֻֻȽôɡ
ӸɲϸĿ֪ͱ֪ʶǷֿġ
࣬ұעռ͵ˡ
ЩԼҺӵ֡
ܿ죬ξ͸˵ĺˡ
Ůڱ֪ʶӵĵ
ǰ϶Ҫ¼ȡΰ
ĳɼͻ
զҲܵʦˡ
ӸɲǴ½ķԼݻߺӵ֡
Ҳ⡣
ƶõļͥĺӽܽĻҲһЩǲΪƷи˼ѧϰϡ˵ųӣǱϾ
ҪȻҲһӾͳˡ
ôӵĸɲǶܸˡЩû¼ȡҲûģԺ󻹻лᡣ
ӵջ㲻ϲġ
һ֮ҲͦģǶͬͬ־ĲԼҲĺá
Ӹɲǵͷ
̾ɶⶼѧõԾʦҲҪʮְɣǿҲ˵ѧɼˣСѧ꼶߷־ȻǾʮǰʮʮֵġҶ˼Ա֪ˡҪԱ֪Ǻӵʦѧ磬ǻ𣿲ԼҺȥѧѧֱӻʦ
ӸɲǶʱһĬ
⻰ȻҲʵ
¼ȡ¼ȡˣɼ治ÿ
δŹԺġⲻ˵𣿽̶˾ͻˡ
Σѧϰɲɣ֪ʶҲǿѧܻõģԼѧͱ˵ׯڣô󣬲˵ÿ֣ġʩʣֹ֪ʶһ
ĵҲʦȥѧϰˣ˵ˣҲû
ڰ֣ûǸҪǶѾʦˣҲҪȥѧУѧˣ¶
Цˣ⻰еʦˣȥѧУǶൢ¶
ǻǵѧ

Сʵզѧ˵Ҷȥѧ֪ʶˡ
ҡҡͷ취ɣ̡ܴܲΪ۶˺ãʱ۾ֻ۶ʦǡǾզ
⽨õӵĸɲǵһͬ
ȻֻԼˣŲӴ֡ǵʦͲˡ
ҪΪӦӣӵʦҪء
ԼӶզܱأ
Ϊ˼֪ʦǿԳɼιͳɼͲƳɼˣֺֻܷ֡
¼ȡܿܳںֽ棬ϲԵرϲ졣
ܳˣֱѧУʹӵӵǱߡ
һãԱǱ¹ûв뿼Եģˡ
˵ˣߺһϲ
¼ȡȺоͽˡ
ⳡǹȥƾٿԿһ
֪Ҳˡ
ȥڼ׳ɻ⻪ʣ°˲μӿԡ
ǱϾƵģǰ֪Ҫʦ¶ÿڼѧ֪ʶͬʱҲǳɼȽϺõһˣοԳɼ
رλرвԣûһѷȥСѧʦǰԼʵһ˱ѧʦһ˱Сѧʦζ¼ȡˡ
Ǹ˵Ļϲصģӵ۾ˡоԼЩڰͷˡ
ѧУǼĶ֪ôкǣֻĵĸм
һǾ̫չˡ
ǰôǸϰȻཨѧУһĿԼʦ
ȻŮ֪ľ͵˵ʦԼŮ֪ã
ͬ־ǱΪһ˵Ϻ͹
˾һ¶ɹ֮󣬻׿ȥܾһи඼۵ģֵõġ塣
鳤лл㣡֪ະ
ЦǿԼŬҲûʧԺúỵ́ҪˡȻʦˣԺ̲úӣǵһҰǣѧҳҲܰǵġǲܷˡ
֪Ƕͷǿ϶ŬģԲ
¼ȡ½
ܶҲ֪¼ȡˡ
¼ȡʦǺܶġ
Сѧ꼶ÿ꼶ࡣرһ꼶ֱʦ
жʮʦˡ
⻹мʦ֣ģ˼ΣЩʦһͬʱεġÿ꼶Ҳ䱸һ
ʦΪγ̶࣬ʦҲ䱸١
͵¼ȡʻܶࡣ
ÿﶼм¼ȡˡ
ռ¼ȡ࣬ЩСҲûȥۡϾѧУҲռͰģռͲ룬ȥμӿԵĻᶼûء
ɵҲ֪֡ˣԺһᶼûˡ
Կ֮󣬶ﶼֵġ
֪ͨ滹ЩȥѧУʽ
Ҳǿʼϰˡ
ϢõصĴӸɲǶơ
ûѧʱأզͿʼϿˡռܲʳˣ˹ȥų԰ɡ
ܾòôɵ
дӸɲռߴ¶
ռʹӵĸɲǶѡر⡣
ϾҪԼĺȷһӡ
Խ̬ȣԽ˻ɡ͵͵ȥҶԱ
ԱǴӣţһʾ˵ˡ
˵ǹǱϢԺҪ绹ҪԶͺ¶úȥûԺóɼ⡣
ӵĸɲǶʱһռ̫ˡ
¶Ȼš
̫ˡ
ʱˣһѧУϿεģԼĺӿĲռʹӵĺӣ˲ΪǴӵĺӴ
ЩӸɲֱȥˡ
Թ쵼ˣӸɲǺеģָĺڣһҲÿģֱ׳զˣءѧУһשһߣǶǴӵԱԼȥգȥġҲðŷѩڵػġ˶ǮءǶʦǰװ׵ѧͲˣ˱˻

̫֮ˬˡ
Ƕ¶ĺôʵˣͲˡ
զҲ顣
λӵĸɲ޻˵¶Ҳôˡ
Լܲˡ
ǶޣμɶӸϰɣܸܲӡ
ⲻ֪ˣ֪˿϶Ͳð
ռʹӵĸɲȻģҲûٷԡ
ѧѰʱ̣ǿ϶еġҲǿǶǣⶼɵġǶҲѡ񡣡
εǣǿȣԱԼҲȲ۶Ա
⻰ЩٰźӹμӸϰġ
ڴӸɲǶǾǿԼͼǶѧϰ
ﶼ̹ɶҲû˵ֱӻԼȥˡ
һȥǾͺԼ˵ĸɲ˵ռ͸ɵĺ¶
ޡǰ꽻ǽʳ¶͸ˣŸԣ㣬ϱˡ۽Ƕǲǻû۶ˡǸԣ
ǲǶȥǳˡһȺĵĶиڡ
ижãͿǵĿˡ
ݺݵָһռ͵¼֮⼸ӵĴӸɲǾ;ˣҪмѧĺǶμӸϰࡣ
ռʹӼƵóѡǲֹҪͣҪȥռʹӵ޶ǡ
ǻڶռ͵Ϊһ
Աˣ뷨Ҳܼ򵥡ԽҴţҪ̵ģǿ϶кô¶
кô¶զܶأ빲
˵ɶˣö˾ͱʾԼȥϰࡣ㲻ȫͣҲҪһԼҪ˳ǰ棬
ǵڶ죬칫總ѧУӿѧҳ
ǳ¹ʱġռʹӸɲһֲ
˵Ů֪ʦû꣬ȥѧˡ
ռ͵ԱǼĴӶôˣҲȥˡӶİѧУȥԼռõط
¶Լʦ¶ͽǸˡ
ϾԼԺҪæ¶࣬ѧУŻǰУʵʵĹҪȥʲôԼһ˸ɣҲԼۻˡ
⽻Ҫܸ¶˲šرǱصʦ
۲ֻ֪֪࣬ͱص֪ʶȻĴڸҡҪ֪ͱ֮Ĺһͬʣܳ
ڽӴ¶ˣҲ֮ǰӳˡôҲ̫ˣһעģҷʦǣҲ׼ÿһʦһ֪䡣ǺˣԺͻԽԽ׽ˡ
ԣźܺʡ
źѧУߵĹֺһȥس档
·ϣѧզ
տ㣬һҪѧһزʦǽĿҶ
Ǿ͸Ҫѧˣ̶Ժô쵼İɣֹҪѧܿҲҪѧˣǲֹҪѧҪѧѡѧ㲻ˡ
һֵʹ࣬ͻȻ̹ˣ㣬˭
ôɶʦָһһѧѡϧõʱɡҪ̫æҶҪȥѧˡ
һûǡǰѧҪѧء
ʾ֣վ͸츱˵绰ˡ
츱һֱڵԼҹŮĵ绰
ʶ˶࣬ϰ»͸ˡ
Ůǹ绹ͦ۽ģֻټȫĻеũŸˡȫҲʮҴͲߵũ䱸ˡǹҸ䱸ģõġЩۻǺϴǱѧġ˵˵һ˭뵽ûеũ
ż֣㵹˵˵ɶǹ𣿡
һ̨ոǶҪһǧˡС͵ġ
յǾҪС͵ģǷ𣿡
ҵǣǰɣ˼ЩũûеģشеֻǲмҲ˵ϻˡҿǵǱȽ԰ϵ˾ɻеܱһ롣ȻǾɵģһ޻õġһЩũġǶԣ»ͰѾɵķˡҲرɣϾ۹ҲͲųּꡣ
츱ԼΪ˹Ůǲˣ֪ʡǮ
տ񣬡զ죿
ͷҪ٣Ҫȥ˲֪
ػˣ֣ɵҲҪǻùȥ
УǵʱֱӹȥҵʱȥҲںǡȻǱһַ
֣лΪũ彨Ĺף˷ܵ˵͹˵绰
츱
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


74 
ͷĲƷǺεġͷһ̨, ôʮء
οǲ˼ũûеǾɵ, ޲, Ҳá
ְæ, ¶ǰһˡ
͵ȥǱ߿еˡ
صռͣͰϢʹӸɲ˵ˡ
֪ܱ˵Ще, ӸɲǸ˻ˣоϲһ׮׮
رմ󱦣ѧУʼѧ֮ʶ֮ǰ˼ô͸öܶÿѧȻ٣ǼһҲһǮ
Ǯ, , ׬Ǯ
Ҳֵĺܸˣ¶ȴһ׮ˣҪȻҪΪЩ֪ʶӵ¶ġȻһƬģҲͶ, ǰɣûﴴЧ棬ⲻҵ硣
ο, , Щ֪ʶӸɻȻȲ׳, ǻͦܳԿġǰ쿪أҲܸ𣿡
ǻǴﲻԤڵЧΪܹһ˵õĺͳ, ˷ѡȥʦһҾ;úܺ
ӸɲǶЦЦ
ЦǰҲ뵽ǵôΪе¶ûܽһֱûᡣûеǶũۿġȡﴴաڻеҪˣͶͲˡҾûźʡ
ɶţ
ǵʦпɼʱ˵¶𣿡
Ҷͷ
¶ȻǵáΪЩ˵Ƴɼ̫˼ء
ҵʱ˵ҪʦæЩʦϿ𣿺ȥһ룬ɶ룬Ͽεķã˼һܳѣҲֻ빫ʦǲͳѧУʦȲʦ̫ˡ
εȷʵǵģߵʦǱʦѧˡһͷ
ͬһİƣȻҾ뵽ǶȺ֪ʶˡǳϾţҲǴ֪ʶӰ֮ǰǽ̴ѧʦ̵ĿɶǴѧ̲ܽ۶ʦǣ
⻰һ˵꣬Ӹɲ۾ֱ㶵ġ
Ȳ趼Ǻˣ˵ЩϾŽ۶ʦ⣬Ҫ֪ˣЦ
֣˭ЦҪ˹Ϊ˸۸ɻģǸͺܸɶũܸﴴЧ棬𻹵ֲǳԵʳ۵øǰ޵񡪡ϿΡ絽ϿΡ׼֮һ춼ϣҲΡһҪѧУʦѧ֪ʶԺԼѧ

¶̫˾ˡ
ӸɲǶЩš
⡭ù֪զ죿Ҫ͸ĵġ
֪ɶֲǲǸũԼأԼ֣ԼÿҲҪµظɻģֵֵֻ֮ǵʣֵõģ¶ңȥ˵һҪҹۣ֮ǰôզͲӽҸ˲ŶҲԼҵдϱֽǰ׿ˡ

Ȼ˵źеɴӸɲҲǽЩ˼ϴģͺմȾЩ¶ԶӲͷƤûӦǹͬˣǱ׼ͬ⡣
λҵȻҲϣҹŮܹѧ֪ʶģɡ㶮ģ۶ʵˡ
ᶨǾʵֵģȥΪռͳɡֻҪ˲ԾˣǱ߻˵

ɲһĬ
ҧҧվ¶Һȥ˵
磬ҲȥȵĿ
ɶҵġΪ˴ӵ˸ƴһѣӳģͷڹꣿ˾ͳҵְλˡզ¶ء
Ӹɲǣզأ
ͦݵġ
Ȼʵ˵ǽǺܴġǰôˣҲ¸ˡΪ˶ƴˡ
ӸɲҲͦĵġ
оԼͷڹˡ
β˼ҪǹܴӦ۱֤Ÿ˼빤
ҲǿǡϾЩ˲ʱˣǵ˼ôҲһʱ͸ıġ
ʵϣܲᶨķԣѾǺܺõĽˡ
Цãֹȷһ¶ˡң츣¶֪ʶǿһȥġ۴Щ֪ʶѧ֪ʶٴǵһһѧĶǴѧѧ֪ʶˡũ庢ӣЩ֪ʶ껹ҪĻ
СʱҲҪѧԺҶӡ
Ц˵еԺ޶֪ʶˡ
ֵ֪ʶӡȳ޻Ҫܸء
ȥ֮ǰ񻹵ȥһ˹硣
¶ռǲͬġ
¶
ʵֵũǶһкЩйصκ¶ܼɻ䡣
̵һҪô𣿡
ͷ̣ռ͵ĻᣬǴӳģ֪֪ʶҪԡڶαǵб£ܳɲšռͶƶũףǷȱľ֪ʶѵõĻᡣҪǰۻлЩѧϰ˾Ҳûֻˡ
̵ĵ˸ɶ۾ֻòáΪȥ﹫쵼Ҳͬ⡣
ⲻΪˣҲΪԼԺ۶﷢չˣҲҵĳɼһᣬ˳ɼԺҪ浱ɲҲܵõ쵼áҪȻΪɶЩ쵼ƴҪ緢չأԺռ͵ˣҲۼҺãⶼǺԵԺ˭ɶ¶Ҳһѣи˺޲òһš
񻹰ǣǻңⶼȥٴ Ҫǰ첻ɣ̬õϴд֣׼쵼ҡ
̵Ҫ¶綥ǰ棬ôǸӳܶ¶
ҶҲ°иô¶Ҳǳְѣʵڲоȥ͸ġһˣɶ͸İҲڣǻ顣
ͷܲȥ
Ҳ֧֣һչ˺޵ġ

°˿ȣɶǾ¶ɡƽƽġ
Щжá
°̾ʵڲУһ¡ǸбµģܰŪġ
áЩʡ
ֲǲԸ⣬Ǿί
Լ̫ϱ趼
Ȼ죬Ҳжһ¡Ȼο磬İɣզҲǼĶ
жĵͷ
Ҫ˵ˣá
ڶ죬ͳˡռһءһ׼׼뷨
񿪳һ
磬⿪ǲҲҪ𣬻ء

Цŵ磬£˵͸ҵɽˡ
ᶨͷ
˵ͷš
˹磬ȥҺǡ
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æź￪Ȼ顣㱨͹һȵķչ״
ȥ궬שҤ괺ĸУⶼǳɼõ佱ˡ
ΪЩϲ¶Ȼæȴܺá
ˣͦˡ׼æոǸ㱨ʱ䡣
զˣ¶Ҫҹæɶϲ°
Цŵ¶һϲ£һǺͶ﷢չйص¶һǻ㱨
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ЩסˡˮȻԼ˰뱭ˮ
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Цŵǵӳ֮һθ𴺲϶¶࣬æˡ
ţҲҪչ˺尡Ȱ
ͷ
Цӳ񲻺ã˵òǽ˵ɡ
ͦϲͦ˵ģ˵У˵Ҳһ
ֺǺǵ˵ϲ¶ϲ¶أ۶ʦǶƸˣǿĸϰ࣬öѧһӦǣ¶棬ǳֵĿԱǶԹߵֺ֧ӦҲҶԻ󡣹Ļ̫ɹˣ
ҲЦôã
žͳȥҶˡ㲻ѧǻҪͬ⡣
ãͺá֤ûðκһɼˣǶֵø˵ġ
ر֮ǰ¶õˣܰһ¶ˣоԼʲô¶˳
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˿ˮ¶Ҳǵµջ֮ǰǴũһͶȥ𣬰ˮн
ɻУ
ǵͦģޣҲˣ֮ǰũҲûԱůģҲУȲԼԱǡ
̾Ҳû취ϾҪ͸ġ
ҲҪ֤ҪȻ˼뻹ûȿˣⲻҲ͸ĵĿ𣿡
ǵҪˣ
ЦǵǣȻܸɻɸ۳˸⡣ǰôҲ棬֪ܶ۲֪¶˵ũҵеʶ𣿡
ҡͷ
Ͱûеũ¶˵һ顣
ĥżֱ̫ˡ˵֮˷ܵ۹̫ԶˡҪǹ⿿һͶܸɻǾ׶ˡǶɲǶҪŹߡҼȻʼЩƷˣ˵Ǻö۾һЩеáզҲ
Ŀɿڴ
û뵽ЩҲû뵽һĻͦ󣬵Ҳ󣬿ҲܳԶ
ռһĵط
Щ
ܰǼ˼棬ˣһλ֪ͬ־£ҵһ·ӣҴȥȻһáõúãû׼Ժƹأ۹ⲻǰˣ
ЩŲ豭ҲЩ
Ҫȫ綼ãǿɾǰˡ
һ¶أǼʵ
ҲǺйأЩũͶǲ̫УͻũҲ᲻áϾҲһͶǹ߰ŵģ˻ȥҲԵ̫Ϸˡ
ǵǾǱ߼͸ġ
ǰ־Ǵ治ԤڵЧ׼ǷӸļֵ
Ǻǻɶֵ
һ밡һ˵֪ũҵе˭֪ǻɶϵ֪ʶأȫ׳Щ֪ʶֻСǲ̫˷𣿽Ͷ¶׼Ǳ͸ģ֪߰ʶȫڸѧУЩʦϡǽ̺ӵģһ룬̫СܵʴǽʦȽϱգʦǳˣ˼ߣᱻЩӰ졣ֻѧ֪ʶѧǵ˼롣
ϸϸ룬Щ
Щ˵Ҳ
ʶ㣬֪ʶû뵽Щ֪ʶܰũġ
ǶĻᣬֱӸ񣬡ǣզǲ޶ȵķǵã
;ȷʵܷãԥȷ˿𣬲пɳ֮
ЦÿҶ˼ලԱաǿռͱذԼˡӵͶ߲һһԱǲѧء
ͶҪϡǵ
ǱģҪȻզ͸ءֵػҪ֮֡ͽΣ絽ššһҪǵ֪ʶѧѧˣǾԼ˵֪ʶˡԺǹ綼ϡ֪ʶˣԼܽũ塣
ǿ
ţʱ䳤ˣԼˡˡɶֻ뵽۹ˡ
Ц㱾ҲǱصġҪȻҲһֱΪ羡ľ¶㰲ŰɣֻҪüල¶͸ҲҪû⡣ԱǺߵý¶
ĵͷҲôģסĵضҶ˿ͶϿΣҪˡ׼úõġ
Ǿⶼǵĺܵ
ǾɣҪ濼ϸˣš
ס˷ܵ飬쵼ģʱš
лҪ˵ôôա


75 
λ, , ·˵
ϡæϳ, , ¡¡뿪˺칫硣
·ϣŻһ, ˵ˣ¶ⲻûɶµģ㲻ɣҲǱȥ͸ġ
ƵץͷΪɶôأⶼ׼û, ôӦˣ
α, ǻ㱨ļˡȰѺ¶ǰ˵쵼ˡˣͺ˵ˣѺ˵, ѻС˵ôһȽϣҲûôˡ˵, Ҳǻ¶, ǶԹ¶, ռͲҲں칫磿ռʹ˲ţҲǸ칫˲š쵼ĸֻǱǴġ
¶оհб¶Ҫ, ϶첻ɡӦѹ벻Ҫ¶
ȻҲÿ쵼ܺ˵Ҫ˼ڹϣڽϵ쵼ô˵Ҳûˡ԰ãиȻãۺ칫쵼ð۶Ժ϶ԽԽõġ
֪̾ɶʱܸĺ쵼
һģզˣҿˣ
ӣҲǣ׷
ȰĻɺ˵۶ͶˣҰȥѧȥ˼գԺͶˡ
һ˷ܵĲˣȥѧ
ԣȥѧסѧ棡Ҫ棬ȥ͸ģúϸͬ־顣
ҲŲˡһᶨ
˻˶ͣڴӰ칫ſڡ
ӸɲǶܳǻˣʱĺܡ
εˣô죿ˣ
ЦŵͷȻ¶쵼Ȼ֧ˡ쵼Ǵ뷨۹ⳤԶ
մ󱦵ģ쵼ô˵
һ쵼ĻƭˣҪ֪ˣ쵼϶Ҫѽսǣ쵼Ȼͬǵļƻ
̫ˡ
ӸɲҲ˿ִˡ
ǵȻҲϣռԽԽõġͺռͱˣԼҵҲˣǻҲࡣ
Զռܸá
СȤΣɴӦҪ˵Աǵģڿֵˡ
Сӣ㻰ࡣһˣңⲻզ˵𣬴ҹŮͷѧ˭ġ
СٺٵЦ
Ȼ֪ʶǸʦϿε¶ˣʵʩҪ巽
ѧϰǲѵġ
Ͼ֪ʶ޼۵ġ
ҲǮùֻ
ʦǽѧУ֮󣬾ͲµظũˣҪμѧϰǾ͵ÿСʱĿĹ
СʱĹʱʲô
ѧУʦ䱸࣬ܶʦֻϰγ̡˵ˡ
ôһţæµԽԽ裬ͬʱҲǸͶֲЩ֪ʶӵ
ԼͶѧϰҲЩ֪Լ֪ԼŬ۸ǴɲǸģǸ˼롣
ӸɲҲá
СʱĻѣҲ֮ۡѧ֪ʶء뵽ӵʦҲðռʹӸɻ;׬ˡü֪ʶӾܻһȺͶСʱĻֱ̫׬ˡ
ԼҺӣǵûС
ũ޸ũǶӦõģαϾǻѧѵ¶Ҳ˵һֱѧϰѧˣⲻͲø𣿷Ҳţܲڼü˳ѧѡôˣɲ̫ˡǿԼϢ
ʣµ¶Ǵ߸ʦ˼빤ˡǲģӸɲϾ꣬˵Ļ˻Ǻεġ
Լȥ˵Щ¶
ѧУտѧ¶ͦģæתòײŰˡۣͦﴫĶ;ر㣬гɾ͸С
칫ˣ͸Ͻ㱨
ˣžˡ¶һʵġҽǣҲǵ⻹һ¶Ҫ˵
Ŀ
ͰѶҪЩ֪ʶʦϿε¶˵һ顣
ҪԵǵصˡҾã֪ҲҪһͬʵġһѧϰĻᡣҪȻȥˣǿǱЦˡ˵ʵڵģйԣ֪ǵĳɼҲûдﵽҵ뷨
Щģų⡣
ɶųģȥѧ֪ʶģȥ˵ѵġǣ˵˵ģľͲȥȥˣ¶㸺𡣵ʱһ
ᶼǰˣҪٿզ
ͷء
ԼشУ¶ˣ
һߣȥʦ칫ңʦ֪ͨǷѧ֮ˡ
뿪ѧУ֮ȥ˼λϽڡ
æԾĹ֮󣬾ÿһ𿪿ء
ӶǽӣԼԼ
⹤ɺ֮ǰũһûʱ̼ලҲûôءرֵĶԺԼԵģλϽڶɵĺܴ
ҵǵʱǻڵɶˣʦֺǺǵĴӵ߹ⶼûˡ
ЦŵæŰ¶Ҳͼλʦйء
ϽǶΧ˹½ʵʲô¶
ǵ֮ǰ˵ģ뼸λʦѧУʦϿΪ˰˭ġڶ͹綼ͬˡҪ֪ͨϿˡ
ͬˣ
ϽǼĳͷˡҵš
ܹϽ̨̫ˡ
ıȻػؽ̨
ЦŵͬԺռ͵һǣɶҪ鷳λʦˡԴϡȱҵĻߣСѧжǿֻ¼λʦʱҪˡ
ҪҲС½ڵ
Ͻڵô˵ǵģ鷳𣿡
λڶ
ǲܵ顣
ﲻͲˡÿҲ࣬ܵʦ
֪֪࣬ǵ룬ͽԼڹ˵˵һ飬Ҳǵʱ¶ڶˡ
֮ɫӡ
ϽڵҪռĹ͡ȻҲ֪˵ũҵеҴûܹʵ顣Ҵδںͱ˵顣
ĵطͬũʦˣҲû֪ⶫļֵ¶Ҳ̸Ϲͣ˵ǣҲлҡֻΪڴмʶˡǰϣôҶ֪ʶˡϾǶũôˣ֪ôȽĻǺ˲ġ
ǲ½ҲЩ
;ԼôһЩһСﻤˡȴһæﲻϡ
пһúýĺӵġ֪ʶ̸ǡ
ЦǾǶռİˡ
ȥʰ׼ȥˣλϽڻվԭؿﶼΡ
Ͻڵҵ취Сͬ־ռˡǸũҵеǰ֪ڷչôˣȻˣһıһ¡⣬ϸߣǵʱһһݡ
ЦǺǵ˵ҲҺЩûķˣӻõϡʱٽ̻ʲôݶ㡣
ĸ߽ڵҲôˡ
ܰʲôæ
ЩΡ
½ڵ룬Լʲô֪ʶõġ
Ľڵ˵ҪҿʱܲܰƷ֡
̻ѧĽڵҿܲũҷʡ
ŵ㡣½ڸ˵
лҪ˵Ǹȥ£۾ܡ
Ҽдʮ


76 
ڼʰʱ, ҲѧУʦ´֪ͨԺҪϿε¶˴ҡ
¶ȻԸ, һǾôҪμӡǵʦ, ֪ѧϰҪԡУô, ҶģẦҡ
֪ǵû̬, صʦǶЩᡣ
Ƕڼסɶ¶úͼ
رֿܻӰȫ˵¶ɲԼˡҪǳˣǾȫ˵ˡ
۵ûȥͼ
ǵѴҲǿȴңֻôһȥǺ, ȻԼȥ
ȴ, ְ֪ǽסˡ
֪ûмҪֻԼڲ
¶ϣҶġֹΪҲ֪ܺЩ֪ʶѧ֪ʶѵá
ΪһƬġ
¶϶ףΪʲôҪ, ȻΪܸҴʵʵڵĺôˡ
ҪȻ˭İ¶
УȻ˵¶ԸϣԼر֪࣬ʱ, У֡ʱͶˡ
֪ʦǣ
ǡӵĿ, ȻֱӾ, ҵһԸľ;֣ľͱ
νž;ͬˣֻǷӦ΢, ɲԥ㿴ˣʲôסѧ֪ʶԼġҪѧ֪ʶ˭ʦ
ʵ˵ǣòģֻ֪ʶһǿȻҲϲעˣԸɴ಻ˡҪѧУһۿĲŻϧûض۾
Ů֪Ͻž֣һԥˡ˭ԥˣ۵ʱû׼ѧĻǺá
֪û뵽Ů֪һʱ䶼ǣǷԵʱ䶼ûУžˡǶ֮ҲϽ߾֣߷ԣŮͬ־ƤҲܿ졣
۶ˣĿɲֻڿԼѧһſγ̶ѡ
ҸҲڿԺҪҪһѧƽ̡Ůͬ־ͷУǰ˵ǻҲѧϰӡ

Щ֪ǼԼոԥˡĥţŮ֪࣬Ҳͨôˣ֪ܲͬ־ʲôˣİŻд
ӵ֪ʦǱûģҲûͷˡռ͵֪ôƣʱЩ¡
Ǿĺ𣿡ڴʦ֪ൣĵ
ռ͵֪ǻ࿴һۣȻ֣òã¶治áֲõ¶ǾˣǾͱˡ
ϵǲǽСҳȫҡ
Ź֣ӵ֪Ƕʱˡôһôˣ˵ʵء
ռ͵ͬ־ô֧֣Ҳܿģ֪໹ԥҲ֡ϾǺУദʱ䲻ࡣ
ǽ͵Ǻ˵˾ѹǺ¶ˡһǿ¶ԸġԺɶ¶ˣ˵ѧУǿȵġô˶ء
ӵ֪Ǽռ͵֪ǶһƲǵӣʱЩ
ҲѧǶѧˣҲˡô顣
˭ˣѧͲѧ
ѧ֪ǿ
Ϻ̺˸ɼܣŹѧһѧɡ
ܸˣǾҪǰ÷ôˣ͸Ӧ÷ԼץסŬѧϰУѻǰˣǾͽץס׷ѿġڶû취ˡȻŬ֪ͱʦĹϵڻû롣
ʦǻȥ֮Ҳͼ˵¶
˶ʱЩԡԼҺӺЩϾŽӴˣԺץˡ
ϣӸɲǾͰҰˡ
ӸɲҲȰֱӾ͵ѧðҪ˶ѧˣǼҲѧԺǿãʦҲˡԶﷹ̺ܽöﺢӣǲǻͶҪӵġ
Щʦļ˾͵һ
ûɶһͶﶼأɶȥͲȥҲϡ
˵ˡ
ˣⲻȰԱˣԱǷ־Ǻˡ
ֺͼ¿
óǣȥѧֻѧ֪ʶɶҲܡ
ߵʦǣҲؼҺͼˡ
ֺԼ˵
һ¶ʹ֪֪Ҫǲ֪ռ͵ӻͦ󡣡
˵֪¶ֱ֮Ӱ֣֪ˣǾͿռǱզġǵҪǱˣǾͱռ͵ˣǴԿǣ׼û
ǵϣǾͻռͽߣȥЩص֪࣬Լռ͵ıʦ
һʲ֪׼ˣ̾;Ҳѧϰ
˯磬֪¶Ӧ˻ͦࡣ
ڽҲǺǿ󣬱Ͼԣ̳ܽһְѧϰˣͺܲˡٺõѧУǲҲв𡣲ܱ֤ÿ˶ѧϰ
ǵڶһʱոϢ˵е֪඼ˡ
͵͵ˣرˣ˵Ҷܻ׷Ͻǰһˡ
ҲЩȡ⵹ǱԤеҪúܶࡣʱˣ˼뵥ܵӰ졣ױõ˼Ӱ죬Ҳױ˼Ӱ졣
Цŵ㣬ͻȻеˡ
üΪɶ
ô˶ôӦ˵ЩʦѧϰǴ¶ñܵѧϰҸоԼˡ
ˣߵⲻˣץסֱ·Ļᡣ
ʮͬûͱ˵ҵĻᣬץĶΰС찡úѧϰ
պһǱҽӲȥġΪҲ֪ˡ
񣺡Ƕǹȥ¶ǰô
Цɶ¡
Ͻӿٶȡ
֮ͺˡ
һ·ڵڶŵǡ
˸дԼʰһ£ʾִ֣绰
Ͼйϵ¶Ҳó֪ˡ
¶ˣͻؼͼžһ졣
㣬أҲؼ𣿡
ʵ
Цŵˣҵȥũҵֿ˽һʳӣ֮Ҫֵö
վЩмҲܻأֻùӱܣ㣬Һһɡ
ˣѵû˵ˣһ㰭¶ء
Ӳ
ʾſڵһ츱гˡ
Ҳǵһο˵е֡
պĺ񣬶ԲԲ
츱ǳòֵģΪԲԵЩ̬
֮гźã͹ЦŹˡ
յûɶķӦװĺ֣࣬¶ġ
츱ʱסˡùŮǱˡ
ЦŴкá
츱ע⵽Ůߵˡ
֣㣬˿ɺˣرչҡ
츱ԣЦݿ䣬ѽԭͬ־лǼӵչˡ⺢ڼﱻ軵ˡ
Цŵ±ֺܺã˼õչҲӦõġҲҪлǹæԮ֣֮ܶ࣬ԱҸжǿˡ
Ц۾ˡ֣ûұֺܺõġҲҪǸ㽨衣
츱ˡⲻǰ𣿡
Ϊ츱ҲǼܶˣܶûġ
ԶӡǣӺܴԼɵŮһ
ҪɶģԼҹŮҪ˻ðǮ
һԼŮôﻹЩġ
ν֪֪治֪ġ
Ȼô룬ϵûֳȻǿͿʮ顣
ȴȥԷ
յ͸ôһˣҶˣ·ϾͿ˵л
츱һӣߣǳ⡣
ųԷʱ츱װ
֪Ǹɲͥĵطϼ֮츱֪ԼŮһҪͬ־ùϵ
㲻ǺˣҲܵҪȻԼŮ³ԿҲû˹ܰ
츱ԼԼأ͵ͻСҲϣһֱũţ׼꣬㣬Ūس
а취츱ȵԣԼأ
лسǻᣬԼãŮôõˣ
յѽ֣ˣǽũ塣
ͷЦûûسǡ磬ȻԭģҲũһƬأ׳ɼ
츱Լ͸ˡ
ͦ飬ʲô
Ҳֹյӿ϶û֡ͬ־Ĳء
ˣ͵ô󷽷˵ûҪҴš
Լûɿ£Ҫ顣
ЦŵҺܸмպǹʹӵİǵĹףҶţҲţлᣬǿ϶ȻȥġҸΪӦٶһꡣڶҲûôˣʵĶ˼죬˳֮ɫɫͬ־ദ
ͷҾҳɳˡ
츱֪Լòⷬˡ
ʼղţܸɵ¶
ЦЦʾԼĻȻػصʵǼڶﶼʲôû鷳ɡ
վ˵ˣæˣУÿ洦¶
츱ͷԸŹŮںѧϰǺ¶
УֿʼѧϰˡҲ˵Լ˭ѧԼֽܲˣ˵ˣѧ֪ʶˣԺڵλгϢ
ѧϰΪӺá
˶ҪĲѧϰʲôҪءս
츱ˣرչˡ
ôˣ츱Ҳûɶûɵˡ
ҪƭˣҲЩںسǵ¶Ҳ硣
ֻҪ¹ĺãûʲôͷ֪ѧϰǾǺ¶
ԼʱĻá
츱ʱﶼŸмλͬ־ʲôĿģչ˵ŮˡȻЩ⿴ҲͣŮӣôԼҹŮͲ˼ҴءѵǸɲ̺ͥӣ
극֮츱гȥеǱߡ
ǰ棬ں
Ҳÿ˶֡
ŻǲﻹֹţԺһҪй񳵵ӡг̫ˡ
츱ʹǰ¶ġϾǹŮ֪Ůչˣ֪Ů¹ĺ֮͸ĸԸˡ
˵˳֮󣬻һ·еҵ
ǻеǺΨһһũҵеĻе⵹˵෴Ϊ豸࣬ߣűίΣũҵеũҵ
רŵļԱоũҵеһдϴǱļũҵеȫ˵ȵˡ
ĴͻеǾͲ츱һ仰ܽ¶ˡ
ڸӴҲǸϺ츱һӣġ
˵ĺôˣҪȻԼŶˣ˵˼Ҹˡ
֮󣬻еʹȥɵũûе
࣬Ҳʮ̨
СոСͲֻҲ˵ְװͷϵ硣Ҳд͵Ĺߣ͵ıС͵Ļ١
ܵСͻʵãЩеҪƽԭʹã͵ʹЧʸߡ
Ͼƽԭһ֣ʳߡȻҪĵʱȷʵҲ˲ϡ
üֱ
칫ĵξͲƽ̹·Ҳãͻá
ЩˡС͵ģһǶֵġһ̨ҪİٶˡһȥȫͿˡ
ȻۣҲֻҧˡ
򵽾ͲˣûȥôЩĺôԺǮҲá
⹺ĿǲǼ򵥵ĲƷܴļֵ
ʵܲá
Ӵͬ־ǵĲƷ
еЦһ£üԱЩ
ֻǶʵĵطģԱ
˵ʵǿٶȣδũûеǲһּʮĶص
ܱҪá
һ̨ܽżˡ
رõĴ硣ʱһʱǿˡ
û׼Ҫűʼ򵥵Ļ׼ȥеˡ
ûġ
ģһ̨һֻ̨һ̨ո
ո󡣾һ̨ͻ߰١
̨һǧҡ
еҲԼã츱Ŀڱ֤ϵ˳·ĳֱȥ
֣˼û˵ģ
ո˵
ǻΪ㣿츱Դ
ôһĻͻȻЩĽԼ裬֪Ƿǡ
УҲİְˡ
һ죬ҪȥǸطȥģǸĵطǣٸıǵˡ
¶֮պ츱ȥˡԼȥũҵǱȥ˽ĿǰеũƷ֡
ռʲôѾеףӲŪ
лҪ˵ֵٶԶܲʱ䣬Զڳٵҡôôգ


77 
ռ͵ĵλú, в, β籱ƽԭƽ̹, Ҳ֡»Ϸů
Щֵ, ߡҲһ졣ҪΪЩˮĺãҲµʳƷ, ֻռ͵ԱԷⶼû㡣
ҲǲѣⶼԲϡ
ǵʱԣгԼ䣬߲ҩũȫųˡʵʵľֲʳסйصġ
ѡΪռĿǰҪ
ʹģʽصʡ
ֻƶƶͲˡؾһˡʱûǼե, װĥι, ΪʳƶͲեͣΪҪ
ţԺռ͵եͳﶼˡ
Ȼ, ǰŪõӡ
𿴶һЩũͬũҲвͬӡ
֮ǰҲ˽ũз̡֪һֱµƷ֣ÿʱڵĲǲһġǶӵƷ־кöзˡµƷֶҪһЩֲһЩ, Żƹ㡣ռʹڵСس, ϶ûӵġ
ռǵط, ֲǰӣƲǺܴ󡣾ҲҪʱ, һֱֲµģʵƷ֣ܹӱ
ҪǲںŪӣҲ׼ضȥԼСЩͬ־Ϊũ彨ˡ
Ȼ󣬺߳ÿһ·Щ䡣Ź˳˳ĵũҵ֡
ũҵǸ¥СԺӵĵλ
ſڻŵĴү
ϴ֤ϴү֤ͿʼˣǺ֪ࣿ
ͷǰ
үֽʵסģ
Ժ档ҰֽվǿǺװڴΣǺĹŵ赸ʦ
ӴǸɲŮءϴүûŪسǣ
Цŵϯͬ־˵ũ彨裬۾ͺúý裬ɼسǡ
ϴүЦŵǸͬ־
֤϶УҲ˵ϴүҲûΪȥ¶
ûżȥĸóˣǱߵزΰ׼үҲ
ȻأһƬ⡣
үЦۣӹŶֶһ䣬ɶ°
⻹ǰЩǹɲ֪ũҵƷˣǱˡ֪Ǻˣҹʲôӡũͬ־ǶЩȤˣϢͨˡҵͦĵģۺũҵֿɲһ㡣
ŵϴүЦˣ˵ǵӻӰзƷṩͦģǱϾǴضǺũҵֲһ궼ҪƷ֡ҵضֺ֣˾СﶼŨŨĽ
ЦЦүĿࡣ
Ҳûʲôⲻֽ࣬ض𣿡
Ҳ뿴ֽûᡣż֮ǰũҵ򲻵
ҲʵҲ򲻵֮ǰıֽˡ
ϴүһʹӳһֽũҵ
׼ûȥǽģõžȥĺҲװ
ʱϲѡҲ򵥵׵Ϣôȥ֮һĨڡû뵽ŪЩֽ
ڱ˵ǹڱֽ˵ǿǺܱϢԴ
˫ֽӹүɰǴæˡ
ϴүİ֣ʱ߹ģܰһѾͰһѡ
ٴθмĵлȻűֽһ߿
ⱨֽũѧڲֽʲôзɹͨ
רڱֽһһŵѰҹũҵϢرǹѡеũϢ
ĵǺܴ
Ͼ󶹺ͲҲǴͳũһĿǰũҵֶЩзǺܿصġ
Эӽƻ֪ͨ¾ͱˡ
ʵѾֲ׶εƷ֣Ѿ׶ˡԳɹ൱ߡ
֮󣬾˼ǺţѰҡҵ棬ҵһƪڻƶ£ҲƷ֡ƶƷΪ8Ŷ
ɹһˣ˽ǰ﷢չ棬һǰ˺ŶǻΪ˸߲Ķ֣ǻҲɨһ۶ѡ
ǷҲʱǰذ
²ƷȡֵĻᡣ
ټûֺʵϢˡũﵹҲУʺռ͡
Ҫűֽպ÷Ű棬ıֽͻ˴үûȥǽ
ۿˣզĶء
ϴүͦʵڣ֪ຢ˼á
Ĵָ
ЦЦүҾͲˣҿֽϢ֮ǰЩһú͹绰㱨һ¡
õõϢѾõˡ
ҲŽȥˡ
ȥˣǾҪ¶ɡҪȻһٶߵģǾͲˡ
Ҫ¶ҲЩסʱũҪӺũҵŪ̫ˡ
رһС֪ࡣţ˼˵Ļᶼ
̾ҪŬҪɼһԺ¾͸ˡ
뿪ũҵ֣׼дȥһСλ֪ͬ־԰æ
ʵڲоȥҺʶˡ
ȥվǿǡ
ǱϾϴżվǿ֮үүǰվǿǻˡ
ϵá
ÿ»Ǯûôء
ǿȥСİ֡
Ϊ绻λõ¶СֿɻǷԼء
ôҲڷװģû׼ոҲҵˡ
С֪Ǳ߿Ҳʶء
֪Ӵ˸ˡ
˼ƻϽŰд
񣿡
뿪ũҵ֣ڳվϵȹ˺Լˡ
ͷһһžװվڲԶ
վǿĺģ̳ǰλͬĸ״ٻҲӢ˲ġ
ϧ˹ϵܡ
ٻ˷ͷϵñ߹ϸ㣿۾Ҳûϳ
磬˵ռأ˾͸ˣǶԵְ
ٻͻˡ㣬㲻ȥôˣٻģǻҰֵģ
ˣͷ
λѪԵ׸磬վ׽
Ϊվǵİ֡
վǿ׹ŮͲһˡ
ƽʱվǿǲﶼǶġ
ԴСǶһ˵ƨˣƽʱڼﶼû
ָܷУ˾ȥ𱸵İøɶ
üͷôҲˣͲһٷԣԵ·𣿡
ٻõתҵ
ŶתҵҲ֪ԼתҵأôҲǵλɲˣôͿġôĲӰ״ˣĸ쵼㣬۵ôıôͿ
ٻݵĻ죬ʱ׾ˡ
ԸվǿЩƣ壬Ц¶͸óˡ
㣬ǡôˡ
һ׼£תߡ
תֻعͷһ䣬ˣתҵʲôɲˣƢھѵˡҪǲ֪ˣΪ㵱˶ĸɲء
ũҵָΡתˡ
񣺡ǴɲЦЦ磬ϲ㰡Ҷ֪ء
ٻ
лҪ˵ôôգ ʮ
оԽдԽˡ


78 
ʵʵĻ
ũҵȻʲôʵȨ, ⼸ũҵ, ũҵֵɲǺǰ;ġ
ر, ٻ, ҲŶʮ͵ϸˣ
ȵȣʵ, 㵱ʲôΡ
ũҵֱƿҸΡ
ٻһ
񣺡ԭǱơе˷ѱˡ
˵ˣⲿתҵզҲһӾְܿ浱ΰ
ƣҲǿ˵ϻɣֻҪ˰һ£¶Ҳð졣
ռǣ, ٻͬ־չ, ѵˣܲܰװѵҪٻ㲹С
磬ҪȥλҪȥ㵥λģϾǶûˡ
ٻЩ, ȥʲô
һʲôһȥְ칫ҺͰء
ٻ۾һ, ȥŰˣ
ʲôŰְ, ֻҾȥء
ٻǰҲûע, ȥ˾͸ûĹˣҲ֪Լӵǰġ
뵽ܻȥֵλ, ٻǿͬȥԼ칫ҡ
߰ɣ
ϡ
Ű͸һߡ
ũҵſڣϴүˣҪһܹȥ˵㣬үãոεá
ϴүһ£ȻٻǸΡ
ٻͷԺͷ㡣
ӦһСϴүү˵ҹ¶ҪȻҸ¶ˡҪָҡ
˶ˣϴү׵ĵͷΣ˵ģ˲ˡɶ¶ð졣
Ҹ˲𣿲ǱƸ𣿡
˭֪δǸί쵼
񣺡
ѹˡ
æȥ
ٻж˲ͨһ·ϲͣ˺кܿˡ
Ҳ뵽Ϊɶ˼һתҵũҵֱƵˡ
뵽δ֮Ժͱϵˡðɡ
˰칫ңЦٻ棬磬ڵλ̫ͷˡ
עЩⶼġٻһ˵̵ӡ
ÿ˵̡˵Ķ࣬զ˭֪أ
˭װģ
Ҳ׼ˣϾҲûԡٻԼ˵ɽҲվҪ
ֱһ˵磬ڷǷ⣬Ժզǻ˵׼˵һ˵լǰ;Ͳֱ˵ٻͷˡ
⻰ٻʱˡ˵
Ʋ죬ʿҪֱҵҲҪʵôҲǵˣôһ㻰ȥҪΪҺôҺãҲ˵ЩҾͲţоı仯վа֮䣬ǲǲǰˣ㣬ǲǲǰˣŷϣԼ롣
ٻŲˮһ٣Ӳû¡
Цˣ㣬ǲҪˣԷﻹǸɲͥ
ٻ죬˭˵ģ
ôöû
ȻǼ˸ҵģǸ¶ҲҪΪˣ취Ǹ¶ϾҲ֪ҡӦøо˰ɡ
ٻšȻֵô£ΪʲôҪ£
ʲô⣬Ȼǲϣϱ¡㱾ͱӣҪҸҺõϱԺ󣬼ﻹվ˵ĵλһլĻȨҪģϱˣԺʲô˵Ȩ
ٻֿʼˡⲻỹãһϸϸ롣
ȷʵҲЩͬ
ȻıСǱôһѣҲоˡǰԷʲôĶҪ˼ĿζڳԷʲôˡÿ飬ǺҲûܸ˵ӡ
ΪʲôҪ˵ЩǡӦøװɡ
Թǡǣֹ裬а֡ҪȻΪҸʲô˵ЩǻΪǣ
ٻ
и۰ĺӣȴҪң˵ǲġ
ٻֶ㻹Ǻܺõġ
۾ժС־߲ƬߵΪΪ硣룬ĸӣˡͲᱻ˾ٱˡһȥүڵĵط磬˵˵ܲжܲм𣿡
˵ʵڵģٻ޷ͬܡ
ûλ档СǱӵġܷʲô϶վڰһߵģܰǴ֡
˵Щ㲻ȥͰ˵һֱ߶㣬֪ʵ
һ̯ȥ˵֪СңŹ֡
ٻʱЩоԼǰһȨûУ
̸Ϊ˸Щﲻ̹
ûôеûţȻ¶۾´ϣΣҪҡͼðһԸδϱԼ룬ʱģϱҲʹˣڼҲûӹˣλ̹𣿵ȻģǲİŵģҸҲ˵ˣҲǡҲܵũõ㣬ǲǣѡߣҲӦǻؼڼ¡ϣҲܰһѡӦǻﻥɡҰﲻʲô̹㡣
ٻһʲô˼
Ҳϣһɡ
ٻĬƬ̣ﵱȻǲϣؼҵģһҪˣ˲˹࣬վϾҲò˶þͳˣҪǻ϶Ҫڼﳤסġǣĺ˵Ǿ͸ˡһļͥ˼ìܡʺչҵ
ûֱش𣬶ǲԺ취سǵģȥĳеˡȺǲôԼӣǻһֵġ
֣ˣҼȻѡվߣҲ̫Ϊ㡣ҲǷֻ̫࣬Ҫũ尲ȵĹӣ⺣ǣһ治ϡ
ٻЩϲ̬ȣܲĿõũǱô㣿
󿴿ҿũҵӦúܶӰɣҪŪҴӻȥ˼ҵȻҪ߿һۡû׼µɲʲôġ
ٻҲУ
һۣôҲũҵֵĸɲôҰֽ𣿡
ٻһֽ
淭ңȻҵ֮ǰݣóٻ׺ͻƶӾͺܺãҺǴӳ׺ʹ󶹡ҵʱⱨֽһûȥٰøǿһµĶŪˣܲҺã
ٻûȥũ㣬֪ũɲʲôӵġ
;˵ǲ̫ˡôף
ְһۣǺӹˣ֪Ķࡣú׵¶˵ڵ졣Ҫʶ㣬ôŪЩӣܲܰһ仰ɣȻѡվߣҲԾܾҡѡ¶ֺӦҲܰϰɣҴίһԼ¡
ٻƬ̡
񻰶˵ˣسǶˣ֮ǰǷԺܴ
費кõң¡
ԹǣܽԼ֪Щ顣ΪʲôԭҲѡߡԺҲܸԼߡҪǺǱֳˣʱֿ֤Ŀ
ٻҪӣ¶ҵʡҪˣҲΪ
ǻǮֲǰáʲôⰡ磬ôҲǸΣԺǰ;ˡǣߣм˵˵ͳˡøϿ죬νǸŶɲģ˳ŻȥҪڣ

ٻũҵ滹˵ϻ¹ϲϲ˼ҪδӡٻԼҲһ˲ţͦ˺øеġ
ֱӸֲҵƵΡ
κٻһٻ˵⡣
ЦҪҲʲô¶ЩӱϾûоƬ飬ûȥˣҪֲãǵũճÿ궼мƻİɡ
Цŵ˵ԵְǶÿˣ׼ֵĶǵҲر֣ÿΪǰ֪ƹֲ֮ʵ
һ˻ĵˣӰÿֲƻЩĶ
ȻҲȫ棬Ǻؿ϶ǲһġܻϸֲ̽ǵũũͬ־һˡ
ټٻڱϣҲþܾ
ȻãǾʹӦˡ
ЦŵȻӰ죬ǵȻҲԸ֧ǵġЩҲֵǮɣҰǴӵƬĵҲһӾֱṩˡԼü¼ԺǼĹô
ЦǶĺܶĻˣ¼ûġ
ҲЦˣУǾ˵ˡֿٻأ
ٻЦΰžͺˣҲⷽ¶
Ǿˡ
һ¶Ҳˡѵܲܰ˵ˡҺҲر顣
֪ҪߣͺͿҵİԱźˣ׼ӣʵֲĲҲṩһݣȥ֮Լֲ
쵼ˣ¶˳ˡ
㰲ʮĶصӡ˵ܲ࣬ǻĵؿ϶ǹġ
Ҳ׼һ˵Ͼ˶ⷽû飬Ҳá
רŵС͵еǱߣԸũҵеһߡ
ԼҲ˳ӣȥеǱ߰š
ٻ߹Ӧ¶ҪϹκϡ
ͷصİڰ֣ˣһҿžģ˭ǰˣǾͰ㡣
ٻ⻰죬ȻոҲô˵Թġ
ʦϽʱ䣡߳ŭϽ
عٻڡ
лҪ˵ôôաٿѡ


79 
ڶ, վͻصĳһȥˡ
ضˡ
ũûе, , ⻹һЩʡ
ҲǳΪʵĺô
ΪﶼҪ䱸ʵ, ЩҲˡ
ȻѾ˻ߣǼ۸񲻵͡ʵÿӵĹӦ͸ˡ
׬ˡ
Ȼϲٻ, ǲòϣٻǸæˡ
ˣ´Ҫټ˵仰ˡ
һıŵػе
ǲ³ͿˡҲˡ
ǴӺǳǰ, ʹ绰, ðæ֪ͨռ˵ġ
һˣǵһ졣
ϵĶȵ˶ٶҲ̫ˡ
һ, ǿˡ
۵ûţôţ, Ͻװؼҡ
ֵܸϽӳϿʼᶫ
, ҪŲס˯ˡ
ʱĽͨôһ, ᱳʹġ
һ·ϻܾĺǴţڳ¶˵컨׹, ǵİֵ֧£˻
Ŀɿڴô𣿡
ǵȻһš
ţﳧŶˣοǺǣС찡Ǹ͵ġ
սһЦǵȻˡ
ȱ˾㿴զɫͦ档
գгء
й񳵣ǲһ˵ģ쵼칫ãҪǰ룬ʱ벻񳧳һרŵĳ˭Ҳá
Ҳ˵ʵŲӵҰְֲҪ
̫ϧˡ̾⻹׼쵼˾ء
ɲЩ֪ǵ¶Щأзϣզģ
ǾŪˣԼȥŪģҲ֪ô¡ʵ
ϻϵʱ򣬶ϳˣûء
ڳ˾Ҳ˵
˼û۾˯ˣȻ棬Ҳûżʡ
һֱ˶Ż˵춼Ҫˡ
ȻҲ뿪죬ɴ뿪ܾһˡ
֪ӺǴڴӲߵſء
һЩ˾͸Ŷˡ
ϵĶ֮󣬶ɶ
Цŵã֪ˡ
˴Ӳֿ߾ҪжˡﲻȱͶðţԼ͹æᶫˡ
մ󱦾ȵǧôණ
Цŵʣء
մһš
ε˵ܹ𣿡
ָָǶӺͷϣǶ͵ġ˵еˡںǱֽ淢ũҵƷҪʵ飬Ҿȥˡǲܳɹģ֪ǶﾹȻũûе֮󣬾ͬˡ˵ǶȽʱũҵ֧ǡԣͰǼӵĻĵӵˡӺͻʶѵġ˵ʵ飬ֳĶǲǵ𣿡
Ӹɲһϲ
ѵģ
׷ʵ
ٴο϶ѵġ
մ󱦻ϲˣ¶ܵЩ
˵ԺһҪ󵨳µĶҪʱǿԼˣҲܵõϿɺͰ
־ֱôӸɲǾʲѡ
ǿɴûӰ졣ѾõϿˣ⸽ﶼû¶أ˵ռԽԽˣ¶ҲǶԵģĲˡ
֪ʵ࣬˵֮ⷬҲǸпĲˡ
ǲ֪ǰɶ簲ŸɻɶɼûС
ԼŬ˼ೢԱȽϺáǵȹ硣ɼҲòӡ
Ժɶ뷨Ͷᡣ
Ҳ׷׸͡
ԽԽĺôͽǾĵ·ȷġ
ЦŵɲᣬҲҪᡣȺȺŽҽ鰡Ժÿܽʱ򣬶һԴӽкôĽ飬õľͲɣõģҲô
ҿ¶ɡܶ񡣡
ӸɲǵûɶҲ¶ƽʱҲ뷨ģֻǾûþûѡ
ֵЩʦҲᣬԺϾҪɲģû׼ۻʦмҵһЩӽӰء
ӴӸɲǸᷴˡ
ΪɫˣԻҲûá˲ֿ棬ҲռȥϢˡ
ԱȴþûɢڴϢ
ľ֮ƬûѵĻĵؾȻõ˺ũҵֵ֧֡
ǿǺǰسǻöء
Աǽˣռǰֶȥˡ
ʹˣǰд²ʹһ𣿡
θʵˡӺͷءǻĵص¶֪ɶʱ򿪣ɱ˲֡
аŵģɶ
żУ˵ȱ𣿡
ɱˡ
ռҲϲġ
⼸첻ڣ˿ɶأһûž;ȱʲôһ
֮ͳü塣һĵ
һΧһŷʱҲ˳⼸
ͺ쵼㱨һ㱨һ顣
Ǽ֪ѾʼϿˡÿÿϿΡĿγһģ֤ЩûεʦȥΡ֮󣬶ʦǾȥСʱɵڡ˻󣬼˲٣ԵǿһСƬسˡ
ڹҲˣ˵СпԳˡöȥӻС
ѾȰСϻˣ۶Ҳ׼˳ŵĺӺֽҲܰˡ
¶죬Ҳɺܶࡣ
˻֮󣬻ٰżȥġҲȥһеǸŪһ磬۵ʱġ
ҭˡɶҪң
Ҳѡһ˸Ӱࡣ
񣺡ȿȣʱҿ϶úھҶһ£Ϊ㹱ס
Ҷ磬˻

ռ˶Ц
ҶĿ񣬼ҲЦˣͷˡ
ʵȥǣǻЩĵģֻؼˡ
ڼûᣬҲͷˡ
ȳ극𺣳ռˡ
λȥҲûؼң濴һۣǶͦõġ
̵ɶÿģۼ˻ˣ
ЦǱģʵҲǺ£뿪ˡҾãҲҵˣү̣иɩɩܵܶҺáҲ֪ˡԣҾѻǨ۴
ɶǨڣ񰡣ÿҪǨˣԺũˡ
̼
үүҲͬﻹǺá
ҵĻڱҲռͰ֪࣬ҲںˡһسǡҲϡǸضҹߣ֪һسǡͰѻǨǼԺڶ㹤ˡҲܺһˣǲҰɡ
˵ﻰզأвæ
°ЦǣֻҪ㲻ۼһϡ
ЦŵǣһԺˡһͬЭҸã
̾Ǻðɣˡ
лҪ˵ôôգӿĵڵҸоȷʵԽԽˣЧʻܲһָġ


80 
ת¶, Ҳһֱƻŵ, ѡ, Ҳٻ, ֪ٻδ˼ˡȻδĹߣôһ, ռҲܵʲô̫Ӱ졣ϾỷԽԽɡҲΪݹϵܴܵӰ졣
治׷˭֪ٻ˼ûкˣˡ
һҲΪġ
ҪţиصĻڣҲ㡣ĥһ۾˯, δ, ˯˶Цŵġ
Ϣһϣڶ죬ͳ׵ˬˡ
ΪҪռ͵˶ú, ûϹʱ䣬ܴӲˡ۰Ͱ͵ţ뿴Щеˡ
еˮƽ, Щʹð취ѡֻոֶ, Ҫ, ֻҪ硣
ڲֿﻹûĵóʵ飬˵ӣ춯Ϳŵһ˵̡
ôһĻ, ΧǰԱǿϡ棬ֺܾϲ
Ǻöţöˡ
ڵʯ룬һ϶벻ɾţҲۡؼʱһѲɾⰲŸŮָһ顣
ǺðŽȥɸɾģ㲻ɾһҲˡ⹤˾ˡ
֮ǰҪһ˸
ӸɲҲȻ˵һáýʡЩˡ
ҪܶĻͺˡ
ÿյʱҲЧʸߡ
ѾŸϽ࿪ģԺָʳˡ
ʱţרؿġ¶Ͳţˡ
ոͲֻ
һƹȥһƬĹȫһոһں
˵ҪǶ༸̨Ļ۶ֶʳۻ𣿡
մ󱦵֪۾ͶˡȿȣȴǮˣɡ
ǶԻĽܶȶܺãҲˡ˵Ƕµ˼룬ûΪ᲻ǮܾЩ²Ʒ
Ҳѻ˵ˣЦᣬֻҪٴǮлġ
ӺͻǲĶ˼͵İ
ö˶¶档
ͰʹӸɲ˵˵һ顣
ΪЩñ˿ǵľĺʵԲλᡣ˵ӲԼúˣܱ˸߿һۣ˿Ӻͻʣռʹӽ׼Ҫաˣһ꿪ģڼƻɡ
մ󱦾˵㲻㡣һȲȥ
һճɣռ͵ģ۽ȫեͳԡ궼ܹˡԱЦüë
ʳȱȱˮ˵ʱͷ޻ŰѹˢһˢǷˡҪǼܶͣԺ͵ʱܶˡ
ԱǶЦ͡
Щ˻촽տġµʱ䣬һֲֵýȥʣ˶ˡ
ɶʱڻҲࡣ
㿪ׯڡ
Ϳ
˻ˣܰһЩˡ
ÿС˿ġ
һˣ˾ͲˣҲ̫ˣһֵզ찡
ǣ۲ֵܵˣҪǵˣһһղզ죬ôˣలһЩɡ
ΪѵǴӦ˶ܹĹ
Ҫűʱ򿪻ģͺͶʦæ˾ȥġ
Աǻ̫ˡʦǱϾֻСʱԱǶǴæġ
뵽ƽʱɻҲǺܻӣôţҲҲˣ͵ҲУæˣ¹֮ԼμӿĹ㹤֣ʱֻĵճɵʱ򣬾Ͱ⹤㡣ԸľȥСӳ
ôţиĶˡ
μӿģܶˮء
ȰŴȥϹʱ򣬺ö˶ΧŸԵСӳ
զˣ
ȻΪһ粻ýֵܶ㡣
⻹أԺˣðţԼ̰ڣԹ޻ڵĸɻء
˻֮󣬲ֻͱȥʹˡûɣõϡ
ʣµĻյֿȥ
պã½ھֿˡ
ʦЦŴк˵ѾʼϿˣһжϰ𣿡
ͦõġ½Ҳܸˣ⼸ڣЩʵҲЩ̤ʵضǾֻ
½ڵ˵Ū»ˣ
ָֿ⣬սȥˣ뿴Ҵȥ
ңϣǰǻеоģⰮã뿴ڵĻչ̶ȡ
ͼˣϴϽڻ˵أУֿ⿴ɡҺزֿͬ־˵һͳˡ
½ڵ˵ӣЩѧͬ־Ҳ뿴öûµ֪ʶˣԼ˲ˡ
Щͬ־ˣɻѧֹУûɶġ
ڶĻȨѾˣŵ¶ͬ־ҲϽʱҲûΪѣֻǱ˶ˡ
źˣҲûൢ顣ͺȥе
붨һص硣
еһ㲻СӵġͻеҲˣûΪһ䣬˵˺ܶ
զ֪ģ
ˣЩĸǵĳӺ˻ء
ЦԶԶԣҶˣզˣǳҲˣ
ǵǡ˵Ȳ裬㿴θǮô֡
һͷٺöҲһ׻֪أǲ㰡
ⲻûƱǲ֪ڹǳԱˣԻʳҪҲˡǰһ׺Ը˷ֱ;úˣûˮûɻ
˵ӹˣеҲչĺá
һһѾı飬ˣⲻǻǵ𣿡
ʱһһͷҲûжˮҪǵʱֱӸṩͣô
ǻͣ
ϾҪˣ׿϶Сʱֱ͸ǸǮ㿴զнģҲǳԿǲ
ҲĶˣЩ캰һͷҲ԰ҪˮǵȻˡ
ΪѵΨһľǣûեͻ

Ҫٽ輸̨եͻԺͣˡԴԴϵĹӦծõҲҪƻ棬ҲҪƱ
ĬƬ̣̽ʵǾɵģ
ǿɲаեͻһζͲˡʱṩǵͲˣǶ಻˼
ֻۣҪͣǾûвġ
᲻˵ԴԴϵˮ
ͷͶ򰡡⻹
Ͼ⹩Ӧ٣ǳԵҲ٣һ³һپˡͣÿٶҪԵġĿǰӦ治
ǸеģҲûˮɻҲû
Ҫܸ㵽ˮԺǻеļҲܳ㹻ˡ
ȵȣȥͳ˵˵
Цŵͷϡ
եͳиˡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


81 
Ͼǹܳڵ, ˻Ƕʳһܿ, رֽȱʡԺͳ˵¶ʱ, Ҳ˵ԼԸ
Ϳǵĸˡ
ȥǾɻ˵, Ǿɵģ», ǿ϶ǲܽȥġʱ۾ô㣿һˡ
ɴֱǵĵˡʱ÷͵ծ
ȻҲܵģһֱġһô죬ǲУҲһ
Ͱȥռʵؿһ£Ҫ, Ǿֱ, ˡҪǲУǾɻ
ذ칫Ҿͺ˵˳ľ
һЦŵҲ, ӭȥ۴߷ÿιۡ
װģҲΪѰϾǳľɲҪ뷨
󷽵, ǿ϶, չ˵ĹˡҪΪС뷨, ҲĲˡҲܻӭݰٲι۵ġҲȥˣһȥ˵Ƕ˸ӭʽǸ˼׳, һֱмأα¡ػӭ
˶еġ
Ҳ⡣ôţҲ˹ȥﻹǶ鷳ҪŪһףҹ
ѵùȥⶼǱģɣǾ磿ʳóԷ
УȥЦǺǵǸ磬ҲǱ˵˵࣬ϰżͬ־ӸˡҲòϡҲÿӶ
һмǶũ彨裬ṩش
֣Ӧõġ
뿪֮һ̲Ͻȥ
ɶ
ȥ
ӶѾԳˣͬ־չ£׳ɳ
ΪĸǹṩģҲãĸÿԵıģЩСṩ˳ˮİװֵġ
֮Ȳռ͹ӽӹȥҪǰӻȥ
Ϊɲ̫ˣ̸˼λˣﻰľ˵ڹܹ׵Ļ
µĲˡ
ֱˡ
Զˡ
վڳһʮ⣬װװװˡ
ˣܳˡ
ݵģûϳ
Ҳͷһݰ
Уܻȥˣ
ܰ۽ͰЩӽӻȥҲǴ󹦸ˡ
ϴһ
ЪЪˡ
ˣæĻÿʱȥϿΡڶ֪ʶ궼ѧϰҲŽ¶֮Ҳøһ𿪻ˡϼӸ࣬˽֪ʶˡչ˰ɡ
ҪϿΣ
԰Ҳ˵Ժðسǡ֮ǰܵöѧҪȻ֮զ죿
һܻسǣ˵û⣡ԼҲһЩ¼кܶ౦顣
ʵԼֻ֪֮νľҲУΪ̫ˡּ¼ıʼǲһܰһֱԼҪȻҲôۡ
ʼװСԼȥк
͵ˡ
֮ǰǲ֪ΪӾͳԳˮǿʼ֮ξÿˡŶһ죬ʧٿ
ĳСҲ֪ʡÿСιĶӶˡ
Сˣ˵Ĳˡ
Ǿһ̨Ƶ˸죬Ҫ鷳缸ˡ
⻰ЦһȻЦ鷳ǲ鷳µǶĴ¶ɣҲһҲһٶͷ̨һξˡ
ǰ˴æˣ۾ͲˡмĲˡ
̨һ䣬ǾͿˡ
׼ùСеĿˡӽ˴ӣ;ԱˡЩ˻ڵɻأ۰Ͱ͵Ķӵ޲ȥӡ
ӸɲҲС
զͻȻˣ˵ȥ𣿡
ͷģֱȥˣͦżӡ
һŵģҲˣöϽաǼǡ
ǶǱ˺ŵģһĶԣһҪһͷҲҶġ
ģڹǰ칫Һͺǻ㱨ȥǵ
֪ȥ¶ġҲǻòá
ЦŵЩûզãÿ϶Ǻõģ׶ãҲΪռʹӵ˸¶
Ǻɶ£
ͰѶƬĵΪԵʣȻˣ׵Ӻͷϡ
ҲǾȲѣûȥǣȥ߶ʡҲǶûȥˡ
֪滹ôġ
ΪռµĻ͸Ӻͷˡ
ЦŵӺͷǵҲϡҲȱǮؼǰҪֵúˣʱ϶ҲҪϱֽ˵ۺ칫ʳֵĺáʺЩû׼Ժɶء㿴δĻںЩճɺõũǶ֯ϸ䱸ģҪԼǮء
Ӻͷ϶ʵʵڵĶ¶Ҳüٵġ
û¡
ﲻĲпռ̫ˡ
ڵȥˡ
ΪѵѹҲˣ֮ǰҲ׼ĵģڱŪˣҪŲڣæˡҹͣĿģﶼѹ󡣡
ɫһ࣬ɲܵ󡣡
ں֯ϰŵ¶Ƕͷȴ¡˵ϵӵ¶ˡ칫ô꣬Ҳŵһ¶ءҪҪǸˣܿ϶ῴ칫ġԿҪ֮ǰΪĵũµĻҲһȥˡ
ۿ϶뵢ģⲻȥﶨ磬׼Ҳҹͣãʱ˸鷳
Ҳʱùȥжû¶ʱ򣬹Ҳܰȥæ
ⰲţǾȣ⣬ⲻǸ鷳𣿡
Ҳǹϵ顣ˡǲֹҪƬأҪڸǻ㱨ɲܳ¨ӡ
ϲ˹ģ۶Ķ̤ʵˡ϶ûġ
ڹôһˣСˡӿһ֡
˼ˡ
һӵ˴֮ȥӲǡ
ӵĸɲǶϲģ͹һ˷ܡ
ΪЩӻԵʡ
Ȼ˵֮ǰҲ֪ôӣΪڹţһֱҲûáڶ˻ˣһţװ֣ĵĶȺˡЦݶֹס
մ󱦻˼ˣ˵ҪǰܵúôһǮأϧ֮ǰʹӦʮһͷˡ뵽ǱǮĸ˻׵ӣ־׬ˡͺ񵱳˵ǮԱﶼǲڴµģӺúãܴա
Ӳĸɲμˣѧŵˡ
˾⻰ʵѧɶأ
ӸɲǼˣˣ󹦳ֵ
Сæıӣˮ˵ѧأи۶ﴴͰմǷ˵
ЦŵǻֹأϻҪա
Цŵզˣк¶ˣ
ͷ˸£ȥ˻еĵ磬ǲºɶ¶ˣ
ӸɲǶȻҡͷ
Ͱڳ¶˵һ顣
Ŀɿڴ⣬ǶڻûԼأЩӶԱǵġĵЩӣǲûҲ֪ܲ١
һ֣ⶼ¶ô࣬˭֪ǲǶԱģɶҪ˵ôأֻҪǶôӣͶˣ
ΪɶҪŰѹӸŪˡ
ֵڻĵص¶õˣۿǴӺûӣзأզҲճɵġң֪¶֮󣬻ҪǿģùҲæ

ӸɲǶ֪˵ɶˡ
ȥһ죬˶ٴ¶
θ˵ĺ۶Сǣ۶²ϰ
ҸôˣǴҵŬҲνǵĳƺû˼ĿҪ֪ҪҪǴҵĹͬŬҪͬԱ¶ҲûǮĸҪЩĸҲûôӡҲǮȥòЩôǴһģġ
ӸɲǿʼЩ飬뿪ˣԼȻ˽ģҲΪ˵¶
ЦָͷԺѧУѧԺгϢһֱǮԱҲˡ˴ͲˣեͳԺҼһͳˡԴǲԽԽˣ
δ칫ҵĸɲĪЩᡣ
ǰͰ͵ӣΪ˹ɱʱһ⣬һĶԱǡԱǱĹˣֹᱻҪԱ߶û
ǴӺ˲źðӺãЩɲҲá
ԺҲΪǵСǮСȥӰӷչˡ
ɲٹǰͰ͵ˡ
ҲɣԺۻҪٽŬ㷢չԺԱǶٶٰ׷Բ⣬ԲҲҪԵ͡
С˿ڿˮӳ˵ˣⶼˮˡ
˶ʱЦ
ЦˣӭӻͷѧѧУ÷ѧˣռ͵ѧʦǹո߸ŪһҰϡ¹Ĺôģⳡ湻¡ˡ
ĵǱ߸ðˣͰŴȥĵؿġôҲûɶùǵˡ
֮뿪ӣ׼ȥѧУ
սѧУϽھʹӰ칫ܹˡ
УУϽһˡ
ʦʲô¶ô˰
ϽЦº£ߣȥ칫˵
ΪϽҲҪ飬ѧУǷһ칫ңƽʱǼ칫
񵽵ʱ򣬼ڶڡ
½ڵϣôУйͷûŪãûС
ôŪáһΪิӵĶⶫͦϽһŵ
Ƶʵɶ¶
ϽھͰԼõͼ񿴡
˵ʵڵģ񿴲һѧĿƵģЩеͼֽ
Լƺһũûе
ǣ
򻯰档ϽڵȥЩˡӦǾɵİɡӦںܶˡ
ͷ˼ˡ
Ͻһı飬Ҿ˵أźû٣ҹ㻹ƭˣֻɲֹ˼ˡҲǵ˴ӵҲµġ
һԴˣһлǱ˺ˡ
Ժרҵ¶Ҫרҵ˸ɡٴרҵʿ˵׻ˡ
Цʦֱ˵ˡ
ϽҪС˵ǺеϵáҾ͸ǻһЩͼֽǸĿǰʹõĻеװ棬ȫǸݱصĵκװģҲȽϼ򵥡Ǹһ׳Ӧû˶Ǯ
ӲˣʦͿôʱ䣬
ں͸߽ǣҲǸṩݵġ
ϽڱӵĿǣô򵥵ĶҪҲǿġûʲôļªҲʲôԣֻеĻеиĶҲࡣ
ϲ͹ˣ
ܱûкð֮ϲˡ
ʦզ뵽ǴϲϲɫǺ졣
ϽӣܲܰռĹͣûũûе¶͸ɴŪҲֲһ¡
Цŵҿ׬ˡУҵøǸƻʳͣ϶һҿ
νڵҲܰ׳ˣ˵ŪӻˣʱЩʵĲ費һȷġرƬﻹǸտģ㣬кܴĲ࣬ȫǸǵֲʽҿ԰ǶƬĵأʵı䡣
ϲʦֵѧ𡣡
νڵﱾũѧҲͨģҲѧѧƽѧģɲֻѧһѧơϳ£ѧѧģἸأΪ˿鼮
Լ˱һԺÿǼӼͣǵúú壬һΪũ彨ס
½ڼˣȤĵһĸԸɻˣ
Цû취̫ˡԺ︻ԣˣֹӼҪӼȣ⡣
½ڵͲˣֻǣԼ԰Ѽζ
ˬУ׼䱸ȫҶ䡣
Щһ˼ҲҪլֻҪֻССѼģҪ󹻵ˡ
ǵδҪͻеܺ
ĥţһҪռ͸߸˵ġҲ̫ˣĹϵѡҪݻСٽɳ
ϸĿЩͼֽţҪǺãû׼ȫƹ㰡һЩ𣬻еܸ
СеǹģǼЧ棬ԺҲӸĸ֮ûĽ֡
ҲΪǲˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


82 
ǿҪʱġ
ųļճ⳵ǴӾ̭ﵱ, Ȼֱ̭е񳵵ġ
Ǿһľʷľɫճ, ȻǻеıҪγԶ, ƽʱء
ռ͵Ҳͷһμĳ, ϡĲˣͬ־ǲһ
ͬ־Ƕ, Ǿ͸ѵˡ
ͦӵġ
³ʱռ͵ȴԱǾôˡ
ǸһɫҰ
Ӹɲ֡߻վźܶ࿴ֵԱǣϲġҪźǻӭеݰٲι۵
ԼͺһⳡҲ̫¡ˡ
Ȼȴ̵ġﻹǿ, ̫¡, ̫¡ˡܲ𰡡
Ҳѵ˼ճĳ滰ⶼӦõģеռʹṩ̫ˣҶмûǵ顣
һŴӵ, кǵɰЦݣЩж
ԭǳֻЩ¶Ȼũͬ־ĸм

ɢ˰, ɢ, ҪȻﲻ̤ʵ
, УڶߣȻ˳ȥʳóԷ극, ۼ
ͷûԼĿΪ˿ӵĻء
ӸɲǾôɢȥԷĳԷȻø
Ӹɲǣ£ҲȥæԼȥˡһ˸Ҳʡ
绹øɻͬ־ǾҲȻȥˣûɶ¶Ҫæ˸ŮǾͻſ֡
һ·ţ;Լܵӵӡ·ԼܸӴܶһ
̾˿Ҫȥ
ЦǵȻСûвܿĵط
ҲԶڴӲϡ
ûߵĺܽˡ
߹ȥʱ򣬿װֵӣûϹԼ۾
ȫ
ŬĳסʵǴӵģ
ȻǵȫǴӵӡ
۾Ŀš

Ҫˣж⡣
ֹЩأǻԼĸȹӻһѡ
ô𣿡
ţˣǴũûеǻ᲻ϵĿģʳԲġʱʣµĶιǻм׳׳ɲȱ׿
ţ˵ˡ
ڼ׳Ͽϰ죬е᲻ˡ
ȻҲǹġ
뿪ʱ϶еζҲȥʳóԷȥιѧУ
ռ͵ļҵиֱ۵ʶ
ѧУһͷ߰Ӿ͵ѧУ
һŵש߷ⶼԼǵģ
Цһۣͷ
ÿש߶Լġ
ȥյء
Ǯ
̾
ǳÿŰءũӾܸôѧУˡ
ѧУСܵһʮˡ
ɫռ͵ʵһʶ
֮ǰͬ־Ǻ趫ΪǴӺũһĶ죬û뵽ҵ׻ͦ񡣷չĻ
ѧУһȦ֮ȥ緹
Ϊдʳûһٴˮġ
Ĵ䣬֪ǲûԵģƽʱԲ껹š
극֮ҲãǸեͳôŵģ
Ͱѿϵ¶˵ˡ
һΪӶµģԾһСףһ󶹡ֶƶͲˡե͵ġ
եͳեͳ֮󣬴ԺҲϣԺǾԲΪˡ
ǲʳˣ
֣Ȼ֡ȱɶɶ
Ц϶ܱԵʳģټġ۶ʡǴũûе
˵ЩЩũʹõĻе
ǰŴӺŪġ˵ˣͦġ
ĸȤˣǻеҲеġ
ֺǴĶȻҲ档
Ҳˣһڲ裬ȥ
֮øϻȥͳ㱨Ͻʡõ˴ӵĴ¶
ȥеߵżեͳɶʱ򿪶С
زֿԱչʾһ´ӺŪĻ
ϲܽʡЩӦòˡ
ͷһгҪˡЩе滹бļ
ΪǾɵģʱҲر󣬾ϵͣɻĻ͵ġһ̨õ硣
Ҳһõ𡣡̾ҲֻЩЩˣ˵ģû⼼˵ҲȥɲдӶһǹԸӸɻ
ҲЩĶ뷨ˣͶԼ֮ǰ뷨˵ˡ
ʵ뷨ʹˡΪԻеӦöĲƷ
Ϊʲô
㿴ǲǶΪɶΪز֣ɶֻܻ±׬˶ǮЩطգԲվǮҪﶼϻеܶ࿪ģ²գ˾ҲܱճһЩǲǴ£
ЩεǺ£۳ҲԣҲҪˡ
˼ǣҲ˽׵ġ
ЦŵͷҶҪһ˵ģ۾ǲǣ¶ȫİȫԿһķ˾ͽ֧Ԯũе˾һũûеʱȫؽշѷҲûһǮЩеҲܶչһҵЩеþ֮󣬿۾Щӡ룬ٴҪõЩеټǴǰæĺˮĻҲûС
Ǿ;رоũĴӶܺá
ıˣ˼˵֮ǰȥһ豸һ
ЦҲֻ࣬Ǽ豸Ͼ̫Сˡӹһ׳ܶҲҪ豸ũûеǾͲһˡÿСӶҪġؼǣǿ˾ֹӹ˸λܽһõĹ
Ķˡ
ܺȻҲܹʷһ֡ЩЧ治ǰˣܶ๤ڸλǻӵġҪܰ˸ﴴա
ҪǣΪеԵʣصĹӶˣ˵쵼ܲǺã
ЩסˣȥϽ㱨
һ˲䣬뵽һˣЩѰ죬ûⷽļ
ΪسǻеȫΧ˵ǸСĲСĳˡǾǼЩ˲Ҫļġѹ߱зЩ󳧱ǶڹҲƲֵܽһҡʵҲǸæġҪ㼼졣
ûУûϵСҪǿṩ
ȵУģɻܸǼ
ǵǣǶﻨǮЩ̫ˡҲ֪Ƕ·ŵ֪ʶ˼ǰǸģо֮͸ͼֽˣ˵ʺãָĶ˼طĥҲûɶãҪõϣȥáҲ˵ɶǮˣֱӸṩһˡøģͻǡҲռǱˡϾҲǵһзĴӣõúˣǶķչ״ҲЧа
һͼֽһøꡭ
΢΢һĥһӣҲò˼̨֮󣬻ջá˶١ͼֽã˻ǾͶԳдˡ
뵽һעˣ֪ʶӣôã
զôˣҪ͸ģǳ׵ͶʱǱ¶ⲻо֮ȥˡ
ѹǶ﷢չԽԽãһôŹġ
⻹Ϊ˻еôôĽ飬Ƕôչˣǲǣ
ͦпȻΪǻе쵼ĽܣŶռͽ˰ǵҲԿֹӺǻеһЩӣռҲõ˺ô
׵һҲ˵һˡϾͻȥͳ㱨¶
ȥǿˣʵ
ˣһŲЦŵǶե͵ĻǷ϶ûġ
Ц˻
ô˼Ҳ˵ˡԺ۶Ҫָɶ»ˣ϶ṩҲǮ¶һӣҲغð
ҲǲǮͷ·֪ʶṩļҲǺ鷳ġͷƺƼҲûǮرּߵġ
ռ͵ĵλһ̨ס
˼Ҳֹҵ׺񣬻֪ʶṩء
Ҳ֪ĵط֪ʶǲҲô
ȻˣǲȥЩġ
еҲܲЩˡ
һȺɲǻ֮󣬶һ
Ȼֻذ칫濪ᡣ
ѽµĽһ£󽲵˸еṩеͼֽʹûĻᡣ
۲˵Ҫ𣿡
ãɶûǮά⼸۾;ٻǮˣ׬ǮڵϡǮĵطءؼЩƷҪ»ģøµˣµҪǮŻǮҪǺǱûҲ᲻ǱǮġҲû׻
ҪͷҪҪȻõôϸ㣿
⻰˵Ĵᡣ
̾һȦʵҲ֮ϲˣ֮ǰҶûЩ֪ʶǻܸ۴ôôɱǿĻҪáǲǣ
ҲЦǰҲû뵽۹⡣
֣Ҳ뵽ģҪЩ֪ռͣҪȻ֮ǰũզŪأ˵֪жġҲ֪Ҫرռ͵ġ
Ӹɲǵͷ
մ󱦵۶Ҳأũ
Ҳû٣Ǹɵũ٣ƽʱϿҲûͣǳԷҲûɶˮôģԺȥʳóԷѧУʦһԷһ»ʳˣΪռ๱סҲˣһŪŪһءեͳҪܰҲ벻ǵӰ졣
εĵҪ֪ˣ᲻ɶ뷨
һ㶼£ᣬ˵Լ¶ɻɶҲܲԷһ顣͸͸ģͶ죬û˵˶ӣǲǣ
ڿеˣҲЩ֪ʶӶԴЩףй׵ˣǵȻҪҾÿôš
ӸɲҲûɶ˵ˡ
ͺ˵һЩ֪ʶԺܸءû׼ԺĻ
һҲʶ֪ʶ
˭뵽֪ʶˣôӵĻҲ
ε˵֪ʶӶǸҹŮզͲأ
ЦˡСЩ˺úѧԺ۶﷢չˣ绹ܲ۹ũѧҲȥȡũѧȥ˴ѧ֮ǾͲһˣЩˡ
⻰εַˡ
ôһŮ϶ĺõġ
׼⵱ʦ˵ף˵żҵġôһ˵ֲô˵ˡҪǹŮԺлѧǲҸģ
ɲҲĶ͵ȻΪ۶ĹƽԺѡũѧҲҪѡΡαĻɼαɲֹײףҪͥԴӷչĹףҪȻƾɶôӵĻᣬǲǣĻɼҲΪ˱֤ѧȥ˴ѧѧ汾£ǻ˷Ѵ
⻰ɲﶼˡ
˶лᣬǾС
ҲһȻ֪񲻻˵رչ˭
ҲûɶŮڶɼͷúѧɶҲ룬Ͳŵʱ򿼲
Լ͸ú£Ѷ﷢չˣȡ
е
һ·ϻػеȲȥҳˡ
ڳĿһ·ԼϸµĲ䣬ԽԽܺá
ǴЧ棬ǴӶĹ˵Ǻܴ顣
еȷʵҪıˡ
ʹԺҪȥġ
ҪǴٳ飬ԺﻰȨأĻҲԽˡ
ŵ˳֮ˮûȣֱȥҳ
ռ͵¶Ǻܷϡ
ڱϾܵģʳܲܳͣҲ¶Ч⡣
Ҳûżļ
Ȳˣ¶ϵǳӵļ¶
ȥһռʹӣйϵǳļ¶
Цۿûаȥֵˡ
ôˣˣ±ʣʵôˣʲô鰡
ͽũûеԼ齨ũûе˾ļƻ˵һ顣
ҲǰûӦһŵЩŵ
ֹŵҾ¶Ǻá˷ܵ룬۳Ч棬ʹûñȡãҲȥҲҲ١Ч治ǰˣǹʸĻ︺̫ˣǵԺ벻ռ͵õҾ뵽ܶˣǳȻǻеǲֹеҲĹܹЩˡ
Щͼֽ𣿡ʵ
Ҵ¿һ£Żûʦǿܲã¶ܰ졣ҪãǾá
ҪܰũҵչȷʵаҲһֹˡ׬ũͬ־Ǯզÿġ
Ҳǰ׬ǮûռͷչǶá˼һͨԣĺءҪӺռʹԽԽԣˣⲻҲ˺
ͷţҪȷʵǺ¡ɣٿᣬҵ
Цǿ϶ҪӦģһ˾ֶ˶ٹλ
֪ܲ쵼뷨޲ðѼȫϡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


83 
е黹û, ռѾʼֵķˡ
һ, ¹Ĺ, ͰҰ֪ͨǣӡ
Ƕռֵһˡ
㿪ѧУǴ, û֡
ôõӣûؼˡ
Ҽһĵү̫̫ģĶЩָָ, ĺ֮ĬĬڣԼҳ鵽Ǹš
˵֮󣬶ôͭصô˼£Ͱˡ
һĻͦ緢, ˸򵥵ķ, Ҹĵҵ飬һһλᣬ鵽ɶɶ¹ܺòöܳ, ˭Ҫ֣ǮҲҪ, Լ
⻰, Աһ
öˣ, ء
Ҫˣǲһ𣿵ʱͿ˳⣬ּȲˡ
Ͻ, ¹ܳ鵽ɶ֣ӸϽؼ
ûģǾͿʼɡСŶӡ
εӶڵһĶеԱǵġ
ʮ໧˼ѡԼҵҵ˳ˣոڵСӱŽŶӡ
һҵλ̫̫ͷһȥֽһֿ˻Ӵҿϵģץ׳ϽģϽȥ
ֺǺǵȥˡ
ĽĲˡ
رǺڶжûˣڵĳӶˡ
Ҳܼ
ö˶ĥŴɢ֮Ȱѵˡûˡ
ǮڼҲûãȽӵģλøռһ
ڴӸɲǵ£һСоͱ½½ĸؼˡЩûҲȥھӼ￴֣˼ôġ
ЩСȦлֺǺǵЦ
ӰԽԽͷˡ
ҲֵͷС
½Ȧ棬վ濴˰죬ֺүүԺÿ춼ȥݡݲųúá
ϱ°ۺˡ
Ϊ̫̫ͷУǼҾͰռˡûˡ
ۿżССĶлɣϱɺģԼŸũزζ
Էʱ򣬿ֺ̫̫Ǻǵӣ̲סһ£Լʺϸɶ
ʱûкʵĻɡҪ˵Ҳȥɻˡۼ˶йٰŸҲʡ
°졣Щʧ䡣
ЦҪ˵ҲȥµظɻˣڼЪЪɡЩҸǳ󣬻ҪТ˳үү̣ˡڶˣҲڼЪЪү̴ݡɶġʱ۶㽻ѣҲǻԲԣ
°˵ԼĹ׺࣬ʱжıᡣ
ԼЩ꣬ǲװ
һɶʱТ˳ˣҸء
̼вˣ̣öڼְҪڶҲûʺҶɵ¶ôһˣȷʵҲҪһչˡҪȻÿ칤ô࣬ҪǳԣҪʰడ
ȷʵǵģﻹҪ˵ġڵչ񣬿չ˲϶ϱ¶ͽˡ
°һӵûš
ֵڼţҲҶӵ¸ˡô˻ɼңﶼЦ
Ҷ񶼵ɴ۾
ǿǾгԶ󱧸Ľꡣ
ҲҪҶ
̵ʮˣ飬ɶأ
ǾöȽ飬ʮˡ
˿ȣһأҺóû˿ϰȢϱҪһˣɲԼӸԺҪ쵼ˡ
Ҷ񣬡˵˵ǲǽ
ӣũˣ
Ọ̇̄ũҲȨͲ飬ۼֲȱСӣ벻ͦʦ˵Ҳܺء

ңҲҪתҲũ˵ũ˺ͳûɶͷſİɡ
˵ת¶̾ˣ濼Ǻˣ
ǺˣﻧڲҪҾһˡԺΪˣҲѡ˵ĲҪҪǲԺسˣҪͺռһ˹һڱ
˵һˣû˵ɶˡҲ֪ϴһӲס
Ůô£ԺתˣҲ
Ϊ¶̵˱ƻ¶ˡҶ񶼶գ۾͵͵Ц
ڶŴӣȥתˡ
μ磬ɶʱҪŹȥģ¶
Ǿȥ磬û˾ܿˡ
ιЦô¶һ˵أ˵˵䲻ľͰô¶
׵Ƕۺ칫֧֣ҪȻ۴ҲչˣҲûôˡ
Цҡͷ˵ռʹӻûٰء
Ҫȹȥæˣٹȥ
ͷ
ξһȥˣʱһȥ
Ͷ˶ϣ⻹¶鷳ء
νӹһ̧ͷ仧
ǰĥ֮󣬻Ҳں칫磬˵ǳﻧڰɣֲܻسǣ˵ǱˣҲǱػڡɴͰѻתˡҲָԺسˣ̤̤ʵʵľˡ
βͬˡ仧֮ũ廧ˡͺЩڱؽ֪һأлسҲܸˡ
֣ҲûЩ¶ҾһһİռͽΪס¶û꣬Ҳûسˡ
Σ
֮ǰ˵سǵĻǶ˵˵ʵʵתˣĶô
ľˣ
ľΣϽҰˣҲûȥɻ¶ࡣ
аɡ
鸴ӵĸ
ũ廧仧Ǻܼ򵥵ġ֪໧ڣ֪֪׵ġռʹҲûʲôֻҪĸľˡ
ϹĹ֮صľԼһ
Ѷʱпͬ־Ǹͬ־ܺãܲúøɣũƬҲṼġ
ЦõԼ졣
ִ˹ʮȥռͰæġ
ˣ̾һתȥҺǣ¶ͺ˵ˡ
ǲĲˣһţ´лسһġ㻹˵˲Űһ治ߡũ彨Ҫˡ
εǣС˰Ҳ˽⣬вŻоġҲˣĥţԺлᣬǲǸһ¡
üҵ룬Ϊû磿Ӿ֪벻ռ͡ռû֮ǰҲġ
Ǿռ£ûʵλáڶǸλã˷ˡ
Ц⻰ء
Σ
һ㶣ô㻹ô룿
ǣ⻹һҡҵҴҲһֱûǲǣ
ٿɡԥ
칫һЩȷʵûŴǣһӲܶӳԼְġܹܵùͲôɲҲٸһЩʡռҲ⣬һǺʹӳЧһǿ϶ҲǴһӵģԸɴûšи˶ӳ
ҲĲ
ǶǷٰһλǻЩԥͬ־ʮ꣬ǸŮޡ
һȺүһСŮޣզȥ
Źĵ¶ڶﴫˡ
Щ˶˵Ĳˣö￪ĵ¶ܵӡ
־£ȥһ˴ӣʹ˻æˣôˡ
ȻִӴӸɲһЩСϢ˵ѻռˣԺֹ֪࣬Ҳռ͵ˡ
Ҫ̤̤ʵʵռ͸㽨ļư
Щ˶겻ѣܹسǵĻᣬöľİ
󲿷ﻹǸжΪ˶ٺˣΪռͣسǻҲˡ
ޣǱ˶طá
֪֪¶֮Ҳȥ
ǾǾÿϧ
˭ʸسǣǿ϶
ֱӾͷĻᣬЩܡ
о֮£Լ˼̫ˡ
ѧУ칫ңǾͶܰ칫Ҽһˡ
仧ˣʵ
ɵĵͷ仧
һĬ
Цѹֻѡ·ͬسǣҲΪ˻سǸ㽨裬ũҲǸ㽨衣ﶼٲˡ
춼ˣΪ˻سǣͷ˴ˡɵľͷᡣ
ᶨԺ󲻹һزȥһ죬ҿ϶һ졣
ҲһֱŬԺҲᣬһֱ뿪һ졣ҹҲβһ졣Ҳ̤̤ʵʵˡ
Ҳ׷׸͡
֪û˵ɶ˵ɶòԼ顣
Ϊͬ־ǵóϣԼ˼Ůͬ־
ûԼֻתڶѣͰһȺ˸жˡ
Ҳջˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


84 
, ׼ȥеߴߵӡեͻż, Ĵɼء
һѾڱ߿, ߲, ˷һʱ䣬࿪ĵضֵ㶫, ʱҲܶճˡ
ռɲǮˡǼ̨ļ׳ɶģǶǷծء
ûȥͨѶԱųͷ󺰵Ĺ֪ͨϢˣ˵емȥе, ö˹ȥѶĹҲϡƺҪǩʲô
һϢ, ֪¶ˣЦˣϽմͨѶԱȥˮЪЪԼȥĵǱ
պܺ, ӸɲҲɾʮ㣬ȥſĲˡɸˡ
ˣ˵, , 㿴, ѾһˡйæǿˡЩͬ־Ǵ󡣡
, ĵ¶Ƚˣȥ
ɶ¶
եͻԺѻ¶Ӧǳˡ
΢һ£Ӧֱ֮ӴӵˡȻдִˣϵĻҳʵ˵ģˣ
֪ͨģȥء
Ҳϲ磬¶ˣԺɴˣȥе㣬֪զ˵Ͳ˵˵۶ȻҪеҲҪǡ۲һֱ·硣
æĵͷҶҴ˵ͳˡ
˵ֹ꣬סֺǺǵЦ
˸ϽӲߣ·СˣСϽһȥ¶
Сɶ¶
եͻ¶ũûе¶
С˷ܵİȾܡ
˴ӲʱСѾˡ
Ҳû󣬴ͼֽϣ֮ġˡ
˳СԭЦȻѸٵȥӸɲǱϲ
¶ôһ֡
һ·еΪѾˣֱӷǽ˻е
ڰ칫أˣЦкȥ칫Ҫݲ衣
Цۻɶ̸ֱ¶ˡ
ҲСֱˣӰ칫һǸոⶨЭ顣
Эذṩ֧ˣũûеǰͼֽȷʵãôũûеѽøռʹʹá滹˵ط̨ԼơȻҲҪġ
дöãʲôʱʼãʲôʱ黹ڲ黹Ҫʲôȷ涨
ȸĿһŻСûҲ󶮣㿴ɶⲻ
Ŀ飬ȷûʲôȷĵط֮󣬲ŵܹų̈á
Ҳ˵ģ˵ˣһסҲǰǵĲո
һǻԼ¶ءҲѸǣǾֻꡣ޶̣١ǴųģĲ˵Ҹǳ⣬Ҳ鹱ǲǣⲻǴӵֵܣѡ̫ˡ
ЩΣҲǳ쵼ľ顣
쵼ҲܲǸЧ㣬ﻹں̨
⡣
ȻǴӳҲͬġ
ᶨͬ⣡
ɣôʶôˡٺͳ˵˵һͲֻ
Цǲũûе˾֮ǰڿ϶Ҫܲܵһ¾͵ˣûгзӰ죬Ҳҳ԰Ϊ÷˾жǸ˵Ǻ칫ȫô
ȫ磿
ͷ˵дӣ߰˸ӣûġֹ֤е˾ź죬һܹӰЧ¡ǰڵĿմڣǲǣ룬ǿ֮ǲǻðȥ̸ʹ̸ɲ̫ף湫ûǮǾϸģȳԡҪǺ칫ˣ˵ĹǸף
죬뵽ĶҲûˡ֪զ˵ӵġɲװ
ĴӿɲǴá
ҲĬһ£ʵǵأ
׻ꡣҲã룬ҪǶмءǻһֱṩʳͣԺû׼Ҫṩ⣬ɶǹӦʡ
һ¾ͰѴӺͻеᵽͬλá
վǵȵȣȥڿ
Цŵͷ
ȥˡ
һߣСʵ񰡣칫硭ܰæ𣿡
¶úòֹܰæ۶ﻹܴӹŪá
ŵʮӣ͹ˣϴŵЦݡ
պ˵ߵ
ۺϿռʹδܴЧ֮󣬾ͬľ
ΪǺʱ䳤ҪȻûôýǵҪͬˡȻǰͼֽõϣܹ˵칫硣
ЦǵȻģ˵ˣԺǺ칫Ȩũæʱ򣬵չǡۺôҲǻĵֵܵλˡ
Ȼûġⲻ󣬷˭ãأؼǵʱܺ齨е˾ڳ
ǩЭ飬˹¡
ȻͰṩͼֽȥʦǡ
ЩʦǶǸ˺ܶļԱˣǿͼûġ
˴һ֪ѳļ̨Ķһ¾Ϳˡ
ЦӶˡ
֮ǰ׼ҪռṩͼֽãͰѻе˾ĻеóеЧ治ãҲС
ãȻòˡ
ذ칫ҵʱ˸ˣǳԷ
ҪҲˣȥԷ˸װһȥ
Ҳˡ
ŴĴָЧʹȻߡ
˷һҲװ϶͸Ͻ칫ϡ
ȥΰһȥЩ磬۾ˣȥһƬɱţˡ
Ҳ˷ܡЩģ񣬺칫硭
ڰ֣ȻȥæҴԼﳵȥгܽ衣
С
ʵʣܲ˵칫ȥǸʲôеƷ
˹ߣֱΰ칫ңĺ˵¶
Ҳ˵ĴӰ칫ҳŵĴ֮󣬾ȵѽôܿٵذ
ⲻֹԿģԺ۶ҲţˣţЧʵ͡
ôǿЧʸˣЦǿð
ЦŵɲĽأҺ˵¶
һġ
һüк¶УҿɵŴˡ˵ŸϽȥȥռͿȥ
ǣͺȥҺˡ
ûţξЦǣС˵к¶ˡ˵˵ôһĺôأ
æˮûüǽʱնűҪˮأ⻰ͷˣﻶϲʲô¶ˣ
ҲںǶ棬ЦʮִӣͨǶ˻еͻ˺ũҵֵӣ¶Ҿ뵽һˣǲһźţ˵Ҳũҵеáá
ǵͷȷʵô¡
Ц۾ͶˣȻ涼úãҾ;ãռûеɲаզǺ칫ء۲С壬ҪӴķչǲǣ
Цͦߡ
ǱģұϾۺ칫ģҪź칫ԽԽáⲻλˣҾ͸ۺ칫ȡһ¶
Ǻζ
ͽԼ֪ʶӵͼֽ޳͸еȻ󻹽еũûе˾¶˵ˡ
¶Ӹɲ֪϶ҪôԱҲ֪ڹҲ֪Ҳ󷽷Ľˡ
ǵǻã
˷ܵҲǾϲ̫ˡҵʱţЩͼֽȥͻеһЩöתһ룬Уһöܹռͣǲܰ칫簡ɶҲҪˣǳıߣһռͲͿԵõʹûĻˣ
θп⵹ת˲ġ
ܹܶۺ칫磬ǾͶֵõġңһȡˣۺ칫һãԺũæʱʹȨ
ЩԥЩʹò˰ɡ칫ĴҲ㲻Ƹԣƶ᲻á
óֽʸˣһũæƽʱȻҲãõĲ࣬ҲũæʱõĶࡣһҲͻʮǮѡЧȴֹʮǮˣͿԿʳ𣿡
ҽִ󶹣ǴӼðһեͻԱĴ󶹳Բ꣬ȫõǴӻͳԡܱһЩԱȥͳԺá
ϻҪեͳǺһ㶡
ǵեͻ˰ɡ
ЦҲǷģԺͻ˵ҲũûейءΪũûеǶôչˣǺģԸǷЩе

Ǻζ֪ô˵
оٲܵ¶ռʹӣôô˳أ
ٽԺǣҾũûеֹǿӴӵ룬гԶ塣ȫҪͷһʹũûеҵõչˣܲӣһԺ߿϶ҲҪѽۻʹȨԺ¹Ǹǰ۶Ҫŵһ
ţĪ̹
칫ɻûŹһء
ԼĶˡ
ϾҲռ˻еչԽԽáҲź칫ԽԼáֻϵǮ¶³¡
Ӿ²Ǯ
ǮǮĲҪҪûǮǮ۴Ӿ͸ˡôͲծС
ʵڲͲ£ԼϽűҲûðҽ鰲ӸɲȥǴӿǿ֮Ҫǻû㣬¶͵û˵
ξǶôǮ𣿡
̾ûǮҲҪŰȥͻе棬ǲ뿴װ׵ʧȥôһᡣ̫ѵˡҪȥᣬ۴ԺɶҪˡҴﲻġ
⻰úһ¡
һֱһֱ˿
ֵĻᱻĹȥˣԺԼǱ
ռʹӰǰѻȡˣЩӵ渶ʽˡⶼˡûʲôʧ
¶ô죬ǾίˡҪǻеͬ⣬ʱҲһǮһ£ͳǮٻҲһ
ЦǮ¶ҲҪ¶ǮҪ¶ģҲⷽ档ҪǹܰǽͨѶ⣬ǿɱǮİ󡣡
ˣװ绰
첻˼Цǽȥе˼ҳϵ䶼õ绰ܣ˼ҳ˵ʱЧʡĥԺ󲻹ͳǺͻе¶۲ֹҪʱ̹ͨҪ͹㱨ܣʱۻҲҪе绰һˡ
ռ;ͰæˣΪ˹˸Ҫ󣬹絹ǲ˼һھܾ
Ψһĵǣӵʱ᲻ѧ
Ǹ
ǹҲжĵ绰ŲһռʹȥҪҪǾṩˡ
ûɶëǿǵ¶̫ϸǹǰ˺ġ
εǣ칫磬ҲռʹӹˡĴҪҪôǾ׵ʱҲѧ
Цŵû׼ǻΪ¶׷Ͻˡ
Ĩ˰ԴǾͣۺϰ칫̨绰Ųȥɡ
ΣС
뿪ǰ칫ҵʱȥŽ糤ߡȻԼһȥۺϰ칫ҿ绰
εҺˣզͶأ
ЦǻΪΪ˹룿۹Ҫ˽ĺͬ־øɲ
ˣƨˡЦҡͷ
Сհ˵һģôôأĸɲ޲ٵ£¶ˡ
ҲЦˣΣʼռһ㣬ŲŲ۴ôû仯һڣҾ;Ӹζˡ˵ԱҲϣ仯ġҪ⡣
θпЦЦ
ɲԽԽˡ֮ǰԼͺǵ顣
ϧڹҲ΢ᡣ
ȥʱ򣬺öԱΧڻʵΧ̨ġ
֮ضˡ˵Ļ
ƽʱأΪţҲãΪ˲ֵأ磬׳ĺҲҪһƤġ
ˣԺٲˡ
մڱϿգ綼ûǮģԺҪĵճծģҪġ
ũǷծˡǴǷծҲĻšĶǷծˣʱǴҪǰûͷˡ
ŻǷǮżĥŽ࿪ģºǸӲҲֵĻծ
ŹгҲĵؿ֣˵Ƿծ¶ЦǷծɶֲǻϾܿեͳˣеҪѸṩĻеáʱ䣬ǶﻹܹͬԣҲ̫Сռ͵֪ʶˣǲǣ
Ϣɾʹ
Ϊ֮ǰ¶û̸ãʹû¶û˵ء
⻰ö˾ˣͺõһ𣿡
гһߣ˴ЩƣЦǿɲһµġף˵˵Ժֶܶʳ
˶ʱЦϲġоɶ¶ֵռˣб¡
ЦҪ˵ŬŵĺýҪǴ裬еûģҲչǡȻҲûٹϵҪԭ򣬻۶·ŵʦǰæ˵۶չˣǸмɶⲻͻ˺öྫȥоǸͼҰͼøе˼ҵһġɶͬˡɶեͻũûе¶
˵ЩԱǶԾѡ
лЩϾšǣ֪ʶӵĹװ
ӸɲҲߵԱ˵¶
֮ǰҲ֪ģֻ¶ûɣû˵˶û߶
ڼ˵ˣҲûˡ
ԱһпЩ͸ĵͬ־Ȼº;һܺ棬ѧ֪ʶôܸɣ
Цѧ˾ôܸɡ
ЩԱĥˡ
ѧ֪ʶԭôҪԼҲ£ԺжĳϢ㻭ͼɶģ˼ҳﵱҪȥﵱˣͺ
ֵŴ֪ʶȥʳóԷǶԼʱ仭ͼû׼Ժܸﴴ๱ס
ܸ׵ˣԱͲһˡ
ôǼģҲʵÿϡ˹ˣܵõõĴҲǹϵĵ
ǻֹԺԼҲЩ֪ʶѧ£û
ЦǾôˣˣи¶˵ˣ۶ԺҪװ绰ˣԺҪǺϵɾͱǰˡ
ӸɲԱǣ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


85 
װ绰¶ԱǶ̸ˡ
̫, Ƿÿ̸¶ܲˡرε绰¶, ôϡˡ
Ƶ绰, ¥¥¡
Ĵ˵
ǰͨ, ǻҲǺ䶯˺þáθصĵ绰Աˡ
绰֮, Զ˵û
Ҳ͹칫أ˵Ǵɲõġһζûù
øƨҲûݰ
ǲҲܴ򵽱ĹԺɶ¶ˣҲԶ·ˡ
˵ܹ󡣡
ҲҪһΡⱲܵöʶ˵Щȿȣʦǻ᲻绰Ҫ̻ܽ۶ѧ绰ͺ, Ժ۶͹绰, Ҳ
϶ᣬǶѰͺˡ
ڶԱ۷׷׵ʱҲںʹӵԱǿᡣ
ɶ¶źˣĹҪ°ˡ
ĵļ๤¶, ͽӼǷԱСܡ
˲ֵʱ֪ʶеʦҲӽȥרҵũѧġӱϾƷ֣Ǹõİš
֮ǰϽǸĺô, ѾųЩ֪ʶˡҲóϾƺ
Щ˼ලֵ, Ҳû֮ǰˡ
Ц, ֵ¶źˣҵһ¶ˡեͳ֮ǰҲһֱ˵˵ڻҲ, Ҿ׼Ȱ˸ˡ

ӸɲǳĬһ£ô죿
ˣ˲λͳЩҪǰšڸɶҪƻرͳûƻ֪ҪͲС׼Ƚӵӣյƻ͡
ӸɲûЩġ
Ǿ͵һ¶йĻͶˡŪеΪ˶ֵأڿ˳ӣҪйˡⲻӰ֮ǰļƻ
վǶȿ⣬һԼҲˣиλҲռˡҲûǸ档ҲŴӷչˣԺܹĸá
ͻȻͳһˣ׼֪ͬ־
ӵ֪ࣿ
ӸɲŪˡ
Ȼ˵ǾԼӰֵؼƻˣЩִ
Ҳû취¶ũ忪ɲס֮ǰ׳Ϊũͬ־ҪҪõ˹Ҳ࣬Ժ׼ɿեͳʾͲһˣڸӯĵλߣũͬ־͹ͬ־ֹȷũ忪ҲϸġǶҪһֱԼˣ⳧ӾͲˡĥȰѳӿԺɡ
ӸɲǾеô˵ʦˣȥŪһ˵եͳˣʱҪ¶ˡ
ȳӿˣЩ֪ôҲ۶ô룬⳧ӿˣ۰˭ֱ磬һóǮ𣬵ʱֻһ潻ɶʱǮ˵׼֪ͲͬˣǶǳͬ־ԳϤҵλǵͣ׶ˡʱԼǮٸǱ߽ȨԼˡ
һӯԵĳӣզûרŵءܲʲôȥɣæĹ
ʵģ֪ȱ˸ʺϡ
ȥ˸˵ʵڲлǵ赥λͿɲȱңȱǽϢͳȥˡ
ʱɣҲû
˵ǶԱˣԼȥ˳ﶼ֪ء
Ҫ¶ѵõĺҪ˵ĺûᡣҪſ۹⣬ӵķչְλɶ˵ʵڻ¹֪໹ԱǲΪ˴𣿡
ͷ
Ц㰲ͦõģ۸ղžһʱˡԼˡԺ۵øģ۵ÿԶ㣬ȫ㡣
Ҳű̬Ͱŵɣ۶û
ЦȻ۾ͷˣСŴӿģСӳǹŸɻ¶˾ȥ¶ӵ֪౨Ҳȥһ˹磬Ѹܵˡ
ãô죬û
Ӹɲͳһ
Ҫեͳô֪൱˵¶ܿ˹ˡ
ɶìܶǰ֪Աǣʡú֪Ҳ鷳
Աǵû֣Ƕźܲ⡣
һɶᣬ϶ԼѧУû취Ҫġեͳ
˼Ҳǰһˣ֪ڿסκξҲǺ˵ģΪ˶á
ֻ˴Ӹɲ
ӸɲǶȥæˣʣС֪¶ࡣ
Сʣ͵Լˣò˰
СͰũ忪ӵѴ˵һ顣Ա˵ģֵ˵ˣ۶˸۶Ҳɲˡ˵ˣӸɲɲˡ
Ϊɶ
ӸɲɲˣѵĻ
Ҫȥҵλͣ˭

˵ȥҵλˣȥЩ˶Ť
ռ͵ﶼȥҪɶȥ繩
֪Ǿܸ
СҪѡܸɵľɡ¹զ˼ҿ϶ǺʡǱǴġ
ͷԼ֪ǵˡ
ǰЩ֪ûˣͺûһġɻҲզ
ڿ˼Ľ飬˵ĵˡ
˸ɲ˵¶Ҳֻܸɡ
˵ǵɶʱܺһϢ
Сõģⲻ֪ʶͶĶˡ۶ԺǮˣҲȥٻȥʶɶɡ
⻰˵ԱЦġ
С⻰Ҳһʵ
ٻء
СԽԽ˵
ٺ٣Ҷѧġбµ˵ۻöѧţ
ԴɱѧˣıҲѧѧ
С˼Դǿɲס
Ϊ֪եͳҪɵĻ֮ԱҲͷˡȥɣҲȥɡ
˵ˣǻ
˭뵱칤ʰĻȥˣǾǸѼϼܡ̫Ϊˡ
ԱǶ֪֮ͦΪԼɴҲЩ뷨
ûܶЩ¶̯ӶˣܿһˣҲ˷ֵԼֻѺĵĲɾˡ
һ磬ȥ˹翪쳧
οЩ֤رۺ졣
˵ʵڵģ֪糤֪եͳ¶֮Ҳۺ찡ҲҪռռ̫ˣֵʵڲ˼ˡֻܰοԼռͣҲǺ칫ܣÿҲҪһġ
һЦɶʱ۹ҲǸ
Ц쵼һӣѶﶼܺˣﶼԣˣǲǹģ˼Ҿ㿴ǶĳɹҲƲ칫硣
ˣ۲ָˡЦŸ£úÿԺ빫Աǳͷˡ
ͷͬҲôģʳסвٰ
֮˵Ҫڹ緶ΧƸ֪ͬ־եͳˡùæ֪ͨԵʽһ㣬ôĶƹˡ
λͦ죬ΪǰλڶԱء
ӰֵصĴˣͳҲں칫𣬸ֵһ֪ĵҲͦá
ζⰲʮϿɡдֹۡ
֪ͨˣҲˣҲվŲߡ
εզˣ¶
쵼绰ɶʱװһ˺ʹ˺Ϣֵôҹ̸¶أⲻʱ򣬶ˡȥʱŻӭҡ
ָָһ
֪ռôӻеŪˣƺƤкܴϵ
лҪ˵ôôգȥԷˣ


86 
ռʹҪեͳ, Ҫեͳ˵¶ܿʹˡ
Ϊ˲Ӱũͬ־ֵ, ȫ֪ͬ־йһйʮѧ, Ůޡ
Ϣ, 칫缸ӵ֪Ǹ˻ˡ
æľȥԵĴӲ
ЩӵĸɲǻЩƣռëйĻ, ôͲչչԱءЩ֪ҲǺ칫ûɶϵ
ȥӺͺ칫ʡ
ЩӳǣǺеġǰƸɶ֪໹ǱصġһжΪ˷չӺ͹硣˵ˣռ͵Աǿûء
֮ǣԱҲǴռСĴӾͱżˡ
칫Ĵ𸴸, ֪ͬ־Ǹ㽨, һڽĹȿǡ
Ҳֻűռˡ
ֻܰοԼô߼֪࣬Ժһ˷ʳ
ռȻʼй, եͳûء
ɺͼ׳һһСԺܷŻġġúãռû׼ԺͿ, ׼һƷԳһʼҲСˡ
ȥ, ҲʹӰ칫һ, ˰칫֮⣬Ŷֿɶġ
ͺðˣӲֱŲλˡȫȥѧУ칫ҡµľͲ칫, Ҹ깵ȴš
Цŵ궬ȥһש飬¹ǴӰ칫һեͳ׳ȫ½׼ίǡ
ЦŵίѧУҲء
ЭģѴӰ칫ҺͲֿʰˡӰ칫һʵǰҲĹƽʱҲ峤ҼһʱõģйͲһ֣һֹáڿեͳҲûûĶ
ΪĿǰեͳ绰װեͳ
ӵ绰Ҳ׵¶ǣ߾ҪһˡЩҲŪҪǹбߣ绰ǣ
Ϊ绰Ǵ¶Թġ
ʦæǣߵʱξͺ߿ǰ涼ˡʮӣСգ˵˵ûС
Цŵǿ϶ûаҪռզ˶߶Ǻأϴˣ۶鰡Σôӭء
ָָһȺֵԱǡ
εʵڡԺǵեͳҪ๩Ӧ硣ǵ뷨ǣ֮ǰӦ٣öԱ˾Ͷﲻڹ繩⿪͹ǷһǱߡԱǹӦϡǹʱòôǮȹˡ
üͷһǲֱǴեͳ̨ˣáʱǻǮǻͲ˵ģüˣոǶ鷳ѽ
Σ
ȻҪһҲòܶҪһһЩˣҲÿǲǣ
֪¹Ƿ˿Ц繩Ҳˣ
ﰡΪ۵ӱȷʵҪ۲ƴ֣˵һͰˣҪǮҲԥġҪȻҲӦӵ渶ũûе¶ˣ˵ǲǣʵǲǮ
һ˵¶Ͳ˼ˡ
ӵ渶ũûе¶ȷʵҲռ˺ฺܶˡ
ټǰ͵¶Ͳˡһȥͺһᡣ
Цŵϣģ۶ﵽʱ˵Ǹ̨ˣ۵ʱֱӿһͰȥһȦǴͶСԱȹ㡣
ҲЦҡͷҲ֪Сͬ־ôģʱ󷽵Ĳˣĸ¶ũûе¶ʱ򰡣ҲһҲԵġ
绰һʱͨţ̫ɽˣǲȥ
ߣӸɲԱǾȲȥͳ칫ҿ绰ˡ
ӸɲǻãǺôҲлȥ磬ҲлӴ绰Ҳûôϡ档Աͦġ
ǰͲ֮󣬻ͦ档
绰ͷ
绰ͷǸɶİ
дŻ죬һ߾ܺ˵
˲š
Сֵģֲɶϡ涫ӸɲĸǿһԼĵ绰֪ʶ
ȻֵŴ棬绰еեͻ¶˳˵Ժռ͵ĵ绰ˣ¶ֱӺ绰ϵ
Ծˣװ绰ˣ
ǰǹռͣġ
Ҳռ͵ĵˡ
ҲˣϾĵλչԽãԽȵ
եͻõȵȣҪµģüܰźáҲˣź˾͸Ǵ绰İɣͻǶġ
ҲżãͿӦˡ
˵绰֮ԱǸԽľˡ
Сⶫˣɶϡġ缸ʮ궼ˣҪȻ̵ʱզϵ
ԱǶһꡣ
ʮǰĶڲżɼռǰ󰡡
ڣǰǲٻȥǰˡ
ȥ֮󣬻ͼС޺˽ú飬Ժȥ档ѧɶЦ
绰װˣʰ֮󣬶Ϳʼæйˡ
ԾĿϽǰųģֱӳһۺԾԵصõѧУҡԵʱҲøԾֻһ˷һŰֽȻ˽Ծĸдںڰϣڰд𰸾ˡҲʡȥӡԾ
ΪĲ࣬ԱҲСʱѡ
֮Щ֪ǻûɿֵȥǰԡ
ҲûܵĿڴӸʲôƽʱоΡԺ﹤ˣôùȥͣǻô˵
֮ҲǴ˷֡
ԳɼͱԳɼܳɼ
ռ͵һиô鷳ʱԼûμӣҪȻǰ˵ǿ涪ˡ
󣬶͹¼ȡԱ
һʮλ֪౻¼ȡˣŮͬ־ͬ־
õ֪֮ͨЩ֪Ǹ˻ˣȲľʰռˡ
Ҳûסˣֻⰲ˶ĿշӸס
зݹЩ֪Ҳˡ
ʰסĵط֪Ǿˡ
¼ȡĶӱȽϻã˵ҲС֪ࡣһͺǲҪѧϰôҪѧϰʲộ
ҲҪָѽ
ЦŵżǸְӦһ¡ҪȸǰűҪ񡣡
˵վó칫ŵСڰ壬滨˼ͷһͷдƻĸ֡
ÿǶҪƻģեͳҲһġҪȻûҪͻЧԵһǵƻƻ
֪Ŵ۾źڰ塣
һ̷Ů֪ʵôƻѽҲ
ܼ򵥣ڲȥسǣȥǸĵضֻҪܰեͳĵλõһǾǼƻҪ֪ʳϡȱԴ˵ũˣﶼӦġǲô֪ռͣȻؼǽһֻ𣬷ʱˣǾƻƻˡ
֪ˣȥҵλǵˮ
ǿסֻǺ͵λ嵥λʳõģɲܸá˽ǲеġҲԸĹվû
ŶǶˣֻҪ;С
ͷûöٶҲǳЧйأˣЧ治ã⳧ӿܾͿˣҾ͵ûȥˡ
֪ǣʱĽʣҪǻĻȥˣ̫ˡ
ɫˣЦõģӦûеģֻǶѡ۳ҲûСɲʲôġҾǵһγȥĶͻǵĳɼŸɲ
ӿɰЩ֪ǵĸ˵ˡ
ʲôڿҿҵĹȲ⻰ʵס
쵼ԱڿҹɵҪŬڿңҲû֪
λȷָ˱׼Ǿͺðˡ
֪ǸĦȭƣԾԾԡ
ûѶȣҲ¡ϾͿǺöСڳﳤģҲҪ͵ĵλ
ֹҪõҪá
ʮ֪࣬һûȫŶǵĿհͶ￪֤ˡ
ǵ졣û죬ʱ䣬ûнûҪǳٵˣͲγɼˡ
۹ҪʶЧƻĹ
Щ֮ȥҺ̸ũûе¶
ϴѾ˵ˣռʹӵ渶ֻҪռṩ󶹻ƶͲѾˡ
˼ǣȰЩʽռʹӣռʹӲźõ渶ҪȻºǮȥˣȴģռʹӾͳŲסˡ
Ͳֱ˵ˣƤˡ
¶Ҳû١
ЩӻĹǮûء
ҲܱҪͳˡ
ռͱȺ칫ӻҪЩˣƤǾͳŲסˡ
Ҳ֪ѴǰͣṩأοǹϵǮ¶
ãǿ˵˵ũûе¶ȻҲڻϷԡ
۾һתǣҪȻȴȥǴߣǴѧУҲܸӵĸɲǿЩũûеĺô˵
ǵͷá
лҪ˵ôôաʮ


87 
·֪ͨʱ, Ѿϻռ, ߸ɲ, ι簲ӹιѧϰˡǰѻȫڳرǿĵͲֻúá
֪ĴҪ, ȥ¶ˣӸɲǾͻæµˡ
鹤, һиġ
ι簲ɲ۴Ӳιѧϰ۲ܸ綪˿ռ͵ı仯
үү̻ڼ﷭·ˣͻһѹ׵·۴, ۶ﶪɡ
˿Ц, ͶĽ˵ôɻʱ򶼴
̻ͦʧģû·Ļᡣ⻹Ĳ·ء
Цŵ봩ʹ, һ·ѣɶʱܴҪϲ·ÿ¶ܸ򡣡
̸жϡﻩġ, ôŮȲһӿס, Ů޵Զ, һΡТ˳ˡŮˡķ
ռ͵ĻϲæµӵĸɲǾͺˡ
Ϊ֪ͨȥռѧУϿ, ˵ʲôũûе¶
˵ʵڵģһҲȤȥռ͡
һȥĺռͱǶչһ
ռǰɶ˭֪
ǶĴﶼ޹ȥġӶյģŮӼ޹ȥ˵
ںˣŹһ㣬͇Nɪˡ
ƹƣǲܲȥġ
ϾǹҪ
ξȥ߸ģռʹһۡ
֪ͨʱ磬ۼصռ͵ԭȴӲҲեͳ
͵ľˣΪڰռͿģǻԼ߹ġ
Ϊ磬Щ½½ռ͵ĴӸɲǵһҲҿԣЦǺǵĺѣʮǢ
˵ˣӸɲǾ￪ᡣ
´ɱӣָָռطռͽ仯ܴ󰡣ѵһζͬ־ܣͬ־ܣ
Ҳ֪ԼɻУƤӲЦ˵ɡ
˷򣬡С
ͺһһźǻЩӸɲռͿ˿
ϰռ͵ļҵ׸¶һ¡
ʲô׳ѧУ⻹եͳⶼǴ֪ġضţﶼЩġ
ĿǰЩ˶٣ǻ׼С
ӴӵĶӳ͵Ǹô೧ӵλģ˶ӵŪˣǲճɣũֿΪ˱֤ʳ
ӳҲŸ͡
ٷ⣬Ҳܹ˵ĻǲǱĩ
ǵˣȿ˵ġ
Цԣȿܴ֪ˡ
ȥ¿ĵǱȥ
ӵķܶѾ˺ܴһƬĵسˡΪֻԵʣҲһƬˡ
Щӳǲ֪ռʹӿĵ¶ģôأرǻĵЩͺĲˡ
Цλͬ־ҲˣǲֹĻ⿪ġЩǵĵ
ܿİǻǸɶģ
ܵǲֻҪ졣һ칤СʱÿƽԲʮĶءңֻҪ˾ͿԲˡȻΪԼĻҲۣһҲСʱ
ӸɲǿɲۣͼסʮĶص¶ˡ˲ʮĶأҲ̫˰ɡ
ӸɲǴ󶼻ˣⶼǻһһ̨ԵʮͶˡ
Ϊǰ֣ҲҪϣһ˲һڿӵҲһֱɣΪȷʵַۡš
ִȥ
ӳǻһֱͷĵǱߵͲֻҲûɶÿˡ
ȿոˣ۾ֱֿˡ
ֵصˣЩһ֪Чʶˡ
رǿǱţʯҪöˡ
һҪˣҸֿչ
֮ǻ׼ĻøԱ뿪ĵСԿѸأָʳˡ֤ԱܹгԲʳʳεȵóι׻ǮõʳǿԺ͹վǮȻש飬ǷӣԱͬ־ǳԵñǮסϿӣʵԱǵĹͬԣ
⻰˵ĲֹӸɲˣɲǶһ
ڻûʵ֣ռѾǸչˡȷʵ˹Чʡۿžֺܶʳ˵ǵЩˡ
ӵĸɲǸﲻζռǴŪЩ
дӸɲЦⶫźðɶʱˣҲ¡ǹĴӣֵܵλ˵ǲ
ռʹӵĸɲǶʱ͵͵ĸݰۣ裿ҺҪũûе˾ˣҪȻЩ˻ĸɵó¶
϶Ҫģ칫֪ͨǿᣬΪũûе𣿡
ǵͷߣȥ˵˵¶
ӸɲһĪѵռͻĽǣΪֺù磬ռʹôã
صѧУĿս档պλϢʦͰζڷźˣˮ׼˾͵ˮġ
ˣĹȥЩμˮ
ӵĴӳǿɵȲˡ
ռЩ֮Ǿ;úáҪܹȥãﲻҲܿģ
ǣۺռҾҪǽ裬ۿ϶Ƚá
ǿ϶ǣǶض࣬øѵİ֮ǰռˮء
ô˵Ƕ
̸̸ţ˾ˡ
ôռʹӵĸɲǷ׷׽ĿǣͺͿϷһġ
ǵǿȥˣӡ
糤ɤźɶỹôأͳˡһˣû֯ԣԣǲɲ

ʱһƽ
ǵ쿪Ϊũûе¶õȻǶõģǺĲһеҪһũûе˾Ǻ칫ʹõʸ񡣵ȻҲռʹӰæġǿᣬҪ˵¶еҲܰãǶҪǮġͺ乫˾һȥܲܲǮǲǣ
ҪǮЩӳǾͲˡ˺ܶࡣ
Ӷӳʵǣôշѽ
ôշѣÿǾʹɶʹö೤ʱ䣬ö۹һ£ȫ׵ũûеһũæҲͼʮǮ˼ҲҪȿǺ칫ʹҪˣǲһáܹһҲס
ʮǮ
ӸɲǼˣһӦô
ȵȣǵ㡣
һ׳һ켸ֵëǮһҲǮԣҲô㡣ҪǸմģҲһµʱȥɰ
ԼԹӣʵǣ˵շֵ𣿡
ǵ¶أռ͵ͬ־ȥ̸ģģԡ
ֱˡɨһȦ˲ſڵλͬ־ã¶ҸҾ˵˵Ȳ˵Ǯ¶ϡ
̧̧֣վͽǰõͼóŸЩɲǣҲÿ˶У˹ɲӸɲһš֪񻭺õͼֽġ
һŶԱͼռΪһݡԿճɣʹû֮ճɡӵЧ档
Ӹɲǻǵһοݵͼֽ
Ȼһοǿĺ
дռʹԼȫƽ档һͼ𣬱עʹû֮ռͣ仯ͺܴˣˣˣӵܴЧ档
˵͹˵˵ԴҲֻ뵽¶ȷʵãܾòʵ
оݵĶԱˣǾͲһˡݣǾʵʵڵĳɼ
⻹ǰձعġϾǻͶٻԼҲ֪ǲö٣ȷʵվˡǵѣ˵Ͳֵһˡ˵˵һӣϡʮǮ۴úãȳﳧӺã

Ǻ糤ṩϣҲͷ
֮ǰҲƻ뷨Ǹֱ۵չֳˣҲԹδˡ
ϣϿˣ۾˵˵Ĺ涨Ҳǵ˸ͬһʱҲòǮأǴӿ԰ǵ渶ֻҪûƶ󶹻Ͳ˾ˡ
˿ˣ⣬Ϊ̫࣬ԾãҲȺģ˵þáձȺҵķˡ
ǺܹЩɲǾЩˡ࿴ȥģǲҵһԡ̫ͻȻˣܵøʱɡ
Ǻ糤һ裬ĳ˿
˵ʵڵģռͱӾԵ̫ˡȱУֻõǴӣ칫塣
òãҲ̬õĻ͸ĹˡҲϡռ͵ĻԼõġ˵ˣ̬ɡ
ЦǣҪǲã۶ﻹ붼Ҫáӳǲǣ
ͷ۲ӶࡣǧǮ̨ɻ۶ˡ
ǧ̨ӳǶռ͵ĸɲǡ
ռǴֱʣ°ͺ;һġ
˵ͦǮģ
ռ͵ĸɲֱͦԺĺܡ
ǿǧ鶼óģۿġ
մС۶õˣսҲҪá
εǲգֵؾͳˡ
ռҲ̫̰ˣǶˣɶдӳˣȻֵǣҪá
ҲϣҲҪõġ
ǣǰġ
ˡ
Ƿӡ
ɲǾȺ󣬵ÿжҪʲôö೤ʱ䣬ҪȱģֹýǮսǮȺǽǮǮֱӸòǮǾռʹӸǵ渶Ȱʵˡ۸񣬲ͻǱ߶СԼȥ㡣
öˣ˭ǮﶼǮء
дܲñʳ֡
ĿǰֻҪ󶹻ƶͲѡϾۿեͳҪЩʳ۲ȱҪ
մƾˣԣ۲Ҫ
ЩҲȱЩȻÿֵ٣ǿ滹УʵڲȥԱǻ
Ǽֺģɴˡռͳƺ֮󣬾ͺǻ㱨ͳˡ
һߣЩӳǾ͸ֺˡ
Ǻ糤ȥʱҲ߻ȥģһ·ߣռ¿һƬأҲá
ҳҪֲٶ糤
Цŵ϶࣬
ռ͵ĸɲǵе㱾£Ŷðиûһɡ
ǵͷ
ֵɲЩɲǴͷ˻˸Ǳһһѡ
糤Циܣر񰡣Сͬ־̫ˡڵʱǸɲǶġ
ǵҲˣ
ܿЩɲɳʱҲˣһ˻ѹסǣͬ־˵ʱŶ棿
Ҳ뵽ǸˣЦЦ֮ǰͦһСѾͷһȺүмŤһҲûôŤСͬ־ͦѹƵġ
лҪ˵ôôգ


88 
Ǻ糤, Щֿʼ˼ˡ
ռ͸Ŀ֮, ֿʼϵ, Ƿ, ռȵ渶ǮǵĶ͹
ǻԼ˵ϼ仰ν, ˴˵һ¡
¶ҲɣǷŹǱˣôġ
ռ͵ĸɲҲǳصġҪǰΪ飬ܰ˵һ¡붼ˡɶȵռͷչ
رǴӵĸɲ֪ռͱǣһƨծأЩ˻ҪѪ, Ҫռվǲ, ƻռ͵ķչƻˡ
ɶֵֵܲܵģ۴ǷŵծզûǰŻһǮ
Ϊ˺繻˽ˣǳŲлҪðҪǻֱӰǮ磬ǵ渶ˡ
ȥʳóԷ, ҲҪȸƱȸǮɣҪء
ͬ⣬۶Աͬ⣿
ֱӸɲǵĻˡ
ֹ, ռ͵ĸɲɶʱôŽˡϻڨڨЦЦ, Ź͹ȥ, Ƿ¶Ҳڲˡ
Ϊռ˵ˣʱũûеǰ͵ռ͵Ⱥ˳ŵġ
ϣӾʹˡ, ҲҪǮģϽΡ
Ҳôģ½½ģϴûЪϢһֱæڶ磬Űʸȫ˿⡣
Ͳ٣󶹵ǶһЩ
ְ˲µظɻǰŽЩɾȻ˾եˡ
ӸɲǿЩϣ϶Ц˻֮ǰǻΪɶҪӵǮһǵǮǸեͳŪһء
եͻֱեóȥǮһ밡
ĸɲǻֹţҲ֪Щȥǣܲҵλ¶ҪȻեͳ껹ûƻء
Ц⻹治òģôõĶȥһ˵ҪǲɣȥҪͣǻ治⡣ЩˣҲһЩõ˶ѡ
һҲġ
ҹӦöжˣû׼ĶҪˡ
Ӹɲô˵ͷˡ
µһһեͳǲ඼˼ˡ
ȵĿĵصȥʡǵŮ֪ࡣֻðʱ͵ʡˡ
ʡˣ뻪ʡȽԶ֪֪඼ɴͺͼϵˣ߹հ˹յģڻʡʡҵһԶݡ
ֱʡˣһʱϾ;߱ˡ
ɼɫƽʱȱľǵˡ֮ǰζǿĻɼ¼ȡ辶ѧϰզһˣͲųǸŮͬ־ûܵ쵼
ճ˵ĻеʳѹͲʵʵĺöȫûаڳ˵ֵ̬ĺе
ݼҵž˵Լɵġ
ʵ˻ɣ
ãեͳˣեͳտأǳҶ
þ͸ˣǳԲˮҲ𣿡
ãֻλġһĥŻؼȥҰְǳŪġҼʵ̫ԶˣҪǻȥ͵ñȱˣԾʡұĵλ˳Ҳǡ˹ãǳҪ𣿷ˮҪҪȸǡ
ֺµȻҪܸʣԺڳñζ顣
ҪҪ۴ȥҳ쵼ҲסԺø˵Ĳˡ
ЦɩҸǣ˵ĵλҪҪԼ˿϶ˡ
Ȼ֪СҪԼöɱҲܾ
ҲǺ¶
ԶþʡǷװģ˻ǸС鳤ϱͶӷֱЬ֯ġ
ⲻ˷ͳȥϵˡ
ϻͶ˼Ҷˡ
ΪҪЩλҪ࣬ÿҶǶļʮҲһٶ
ŶҲûżߣڶȥ˱ĳ
Ҫǹй֤˵ĵλˡЩͲһˡ˼һⶼʡǵλĶԼҪͰæ֪ͨ쵼
˵ʵڵģһκ쵼̸¶Щš뵽ǸŵӣˡԼ˼ҲŮͬ־Ҳ
쵼̸ʱ͸ˣͱǸöϻλҲˣЩλ͸Ҳ˶
Щǻʱ䣬ʡС͵λܺüҡټܣʱ͵ˡ֮ǰĲܳٵҲҶයʰռܡ
·һ룬ԼʡǶûʱ䣬ЩԶˣеˡ
Ӻǻʱ֪Ҳ½½ڻ·ϡ
ЩҲû֡
ȫüģҲԼȥġʱ򣬶Ͷɹˡ
Լʱǰһ죬½½Ļˡ
ɲ֪˻ˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀեͳߣ֪զ
ϧһֱûֻ˵֮ٸϸӲ
Щˣһһ¼õʱ䣬Ķж
Щ϶ûǰǰ֪ˣЩջ˵ĻԾͻᱻӰ졣
һֱ˶ˣЦŰѴټեͳᡣ
ǶܰʱҺܸˡ˵Ƿ֯šĹˣեͳͬ־
Щ֪Ƕ˵ЦﶼڰԼôûٵ¹ܵӶ٣㲻ñˡ
Ҹ˵ǣǵһȻû֡˵Ƕ˵ʵڵģ̫ˡ
⻰Щ֪Ͻ˼֡
ˣЦŵΪǳ٣ҿ϶ҪǶలż쵼λġΪʵȡᡣ
֪๤˿۾ڴ
ЦŽԼ⼸ͳƵıСڰ档
һŴɲҲ˵ˣδĴɲȻҲҪ쵼ģԺ֮ǰ˵һѡγɼõͬ־ÿ˵ĳɼԺǶ͸ȻϣҲҪΪһβųɼͽ߶Լ١һӮʲôҪδԶĳɼ
Щ֪ŵ߹ųɼ
ڵһľࡣ
õʱ̣Ķȴ࣬ٽ͵Ķ
˱ɼʮۡ
˵ȭͷ˷ܵĿΧ
Цŵϲ㣬ͬ־㱻Ϊǳ۲Ρ
۾лл
˶Ľࡣ
ﶼ֪ĻѵáӸտ쵼Ҫûôϸ
ԺӳˣҪܶˡ
ЦŵһлᣬǳⲻǻҪ𣬺һҪΡ⣬һδûĵҲǰõģµ׸㹤ʵʱҲûĵӣٷ֮һ룬ΪǵĽ𷢷Ÿǡ
лᣬһý֮ЩЩʧ֪Ƕʱ˾ˡ
ǰʲô׼ѡ
Ȼǰʵʹˡ渺Ǳ׼
ֵʵûϸɲģҲԼһ綩ǰأÿ°ûĶҲÿ¼ӰӵϹմҼӰʱ䳤԰Ҷлᡣ
㲢ܵ쵼취ùʡ
ͷˡ
һһĦȭƵģ޲Ϲ
쵼ʲôʱܹ
Цŵܿˡ
ҲûЩ֪ţǸŶһѧ󶹺ͲѣķֱЩϵĺû
ԼЩĶóһ֣ȥ칫ǱߣҹĻһȥе
лҪ˵ôôգָͷоܿˡ
ʶһͯڡ
ôôգϢһ죬ǡ


89 
ȻǮ渶, еҲռϵ, ԼҲͽǮ档Ŀ, ǮҲһֲٵĸ˼¼
Ʋ, ǶǰˡŰٵģǮզóģ
Ц, Ƕǵϵסûӣܵù¶ˡ
ǿ治ס̾
иӳʱ򣬿ɶǮûеġռ͵ļҵ׿ɲ񡣶˵Ƿһƨծ
˵Ҳͦġ
ϧҲԣʱûӯש߳ʱҲûʲôǮ
渺Ĵӻô࣬ȻҲǮռˡ
Ŀֺδк, һȥеһеʹõĶ
֮ǰ, ҲǴ绰ͻеϵġ
֪˼Ҫȥ¶
æ齨˾¶ѹܴ˵ͷѾ㶨ˣҽǮ, ˡ
ȵʱ˸ˣЦĽӴˡ
ӭ칫ͬ־ѽ
ЦЦ, леǶİˡ
Ц, ӦõӦõġ
˿, ǲȰĿˣȻһԸ
ͷ, ԣȰ°ˣʳóԷ۳͡
úƸ˻ˡ
سǵλķ϶ȹó԰
ΪĿ³ũûе˾ĻҲĺܿ졣
˺ü飬˵һĶ֮Цĺϲ£졣
ûû
ƺ˿ӡĿǾ͵¶һ˳źء
ҲЦۣ˾ûʽҵأͽ˵ӿʼǮˡ뿴Цˣֻ¿ˡ
˫ڻеĿϸǩָ¡¶Լˡе˾ᰴϸİΪ칫ṩ
¶̸ˣ˫һˣȥʳóԷ
Էʱʳõˮɣ
Ц˶࣬û취
ͷ۵ĻǵĿ㣬˴͡
ЦЦεУۼӰӵĸϳżǮߵӵİɡ
ɲǵģΪ˲ͻеĴ¶
Ƽ˼ҳ쵼˵ô⣬ﰵԾ̾
ȥ·ϣ̲סʵͻе쵼찡
ЦɶǺĶˡǻǸṩء
ƸпƽʱЩλ쵼˵˼Ҷġͬ־˵Ǻǹũһףʵϰǿǡ
ǿũ壬۷չǡǷչˣеÿǵʱ򣬻ܿǣ
ɶҪѽ
Ʋ
ЦЦϣ˭˵׼ءǺ칫Ժ϶ᷢչã߳ȥˣҲҪƵ𡣡
ƾ;˵ǳ̹Ҳѹֹ쵼ˡ룬͸׶ǰˡ
ɶ
ƺɡ¶쵼Ƕܿġ
һϢҲûô˷ܡҲ൱Ǹɲ ֻʹӸɲһѡ
ҲûϣЦҿҪŬҪԵ쵼ࡣ
ΪõǮеɻҲ
Ȼͼ٣ҲǸź졣
ùǼӰӵģǰҪļ̨եͻȫŪˡ
̨ե͵ģ̨ե͵ġ
ΪЩʹǰӶռˡ
ͻǰһ죬͸Ǵ˵绰
ʰġⰲ˼׳ᶫ
Щ˶֪եͳҪ¶ûȥɻģΧեͳ濴ˡ
Ϊ̫أλʱͦѡòǰͰѻȻȥﺰ˰Űᶫ
ָЩѹ·ﲻæˣ˰·һ£Ǵⷢչ·̫¶ˡʱ仹Ͷ·һˡ
Ҫ֮ǰᣬû뵽ɶҪ·ۿųͻôѣǾ;ȷʵһˡͶྫ󰡡Ϊ˽ʡͶǻ뷽跨أͶǮ·ǾΪʡǮ
˵ľեͳĹˡ
һûǵľ;ÿ飬ܾԼեͳ˵ĸλܲʵڻһեˣǾ͸оʯͷˡȲ￴
еרŵʦڶЩְֵİЩ˽ˡ
ڶ죬ռʹӵĿоͶһ͵ζ
ζЩ˾Ѿˮֱˡ
ɶˮ
Щ۰Ͱ͵ĿųķżΧۣЩˮһ㡣
ǶǿŷƱӵģԵͻ˶ࡣ
⻹ǵһŵôζء
ֱ߰ͳ칫ҿ˸ڣҲ֮ǰ͹˵õģӵƱ͡÷ռʹӵԱǡֱ֪ͨӵԱͣô󶹺ͻƶҸɶصģЩҲ뻻پͻ١ǰ˿й涨ġ
Щģ񰡣ô᲻˵۰
˵ɶⲻͣǺũͬ־ǻ磬ǴӸɲԼ￪ͳԼԱͳԣǻɶ壿
һ㶣ȻԴǸǻ
лҪ˵ôôաĸĸʱ䣬ڶ˵


90 
ͬ⻻͵֪ͨһ, Ҽһ˵Ĳˡÿ춼Ҫɻ˵, ûˮ, Ǿѹ¶ˡ
ƽʱ᲻ó, ҲֹΪ͹󣬸ΪӦ̫١
ܻ, ᲻ãһҲҶһˡ
ҼһڼʰʳûжӡͲûģ֮ҲûҪⶫϾ, óԡд󶹻ƶ֮ĴһЩ
Щ˺ڵĲ, ֪ԼҲһЩˣԵͣǱȶʳҪá
ЩȲͺԼĶӾȥ˳ﻻ͡
ǰϻƶļ۸ѶӸ, ȻٰնӵǮ͡
һϵĿġ˭ռ˭ˡ
ʵ׬û׬ͳԼ¶ˡ
Ա˵, ܺҲ, ûԿ
֮, ʱͳԵζˡ
ڶѧʱռ͵ĺǶȥѧ
˭Ҳò졣
ͲģҲͷҫķʽ˭Ҫǳ, ҲҪϺһͣȥҫһ¡
ˮȻҲҪҫ촽ѧУҲԼϺ˺ЩͣﶼԲˡ϶ˣɾ
ɰûɶˮĺӸĽʵĲˡ
ЩӾͺˣզôͳԡ
ǲռ͹ɶӡ
ɶۼͶࡣŲǹɶء
ǴţͰѻ͵¶˵ˡ
ռʹեͳ¶ܿڸӴˡ
ʵϲôҲζˡ
еζȻԽԽϡ˶Щζ޷ӡ
ǻ͵¶ǻǸ˵ǴӺǺһЩռ͵ʦ˵ġ
ԭռʹӵԱȻȥͳֱӻͣЩԱͣԵ϶ء
ϢˣЩ˶׼Ŷռͻ͡
ռ͵ĴӸɲ֪Ϣȥ֮󣬻Щģεѽ֪ЩѧҪؼ˵ˡǵģǿ϶ҲҪѧһȺûûƤģ۴ӱأһģһԼҵģܱ𣿡
û¶ʵڲУȥ͹˵ȥҳеΡ
ɶеΰû¶ģȺڵҪõġڵ
Ӹɲǿͬ𣿡
ⲻǹͬͬ⣬ʱΪ¶룬ԱǾͲǹһӣһͣд˶Ϊ쵼ҾҪ취󡣶ǽֹ
ڶ˵û¶ǿ϶û¶ˡ
û죬ȻдӵĸɲˣΪľǻ͵¶
⼸æե͵ЩʱҲ˵ЦžͷϹأԼӣҲû취ġϾһӵģڲò͵ʳ൱ڽǸͣ൱ڸǷʳҪǲˣǲ𣿲ǲͬ⣬ӵҪͬ⣬Ҿû
⻰ͰһҪ۵Ļֻȥˡ
ǹ
ӸɲǼռ˵ͨͶܹȥˡ
һߣδ绰˵¶
Ҳ鷳ʵҲﲻЩͬ־ǶǾǺİš
ĨһѶͷǶڡ˵˵ǹôܲɣۻܸǲͣعӦͣǲ˼ƻÿԱֵͶǶġҪƱġ
ΣҪһ£ҪʵڲУңڽ⣿
㻹ܳ⣿
ұ֤취ǱҪʵмܲסʹ绰ҡ
ͷ۵ˣæɡ
ε뷨ЩӵҪǿ϶ǲͬģⲻ
ЩӵԱӸɲǶ͵Ŀء
ǳԲǳԲ͡ҪǶԲҲû˵ܳԵͣӶһ㣬˭̵˰
ζ˸ȥ˺Ǳˡ
ʵռΥˣ
εǵ˵ûΥ棬˵˼ԱཻȥĹֻǰཻĹԱ˼ҲҪԴӾ͸ǻ͡
ⲻǺ˵˵𣿡дӸɲ
Ҳ˿ȣռжԲˡ
֪˼Ǹ֪ô֡
ҪռʹֹͣͰɡ׼Ϣˡ
ռͱ¹ΥûУҲǲõġ
λôֱӰ˽ء
Ҫ֯Ϊλġ
ҪôҶˣҲͶȡˡ
Ӹˡ
ֵĿĿɲҪռͻͣҪô
ҪֻռͲǲֹռˣԼӵ˶ѳԲˮˡ
ǣ⻻ˣٲûռʹӵԱ϶ҲⰡ۲ҲҪȺڵ𣿡
ǣ
ǿЩ˶Ŀˡ
ǲϹصġ

ӸɲǻЦЦȻƤȷʵҪϹأǲҲһ£զܺ͹ҿռʹӾʹĺܺá
ǵۣռʹӽ
ǵǣⲻҲ취ɡ
СС˵Ҫ
Щأλ㱨¶һ֪Լ˴ءһˡ
θϽȥ绰
ڵ绰ﶣ񣬡Щ
Ҿ֪ˣˣҵðˡ
̾С¶ҪǵӰںеӡ
Ǿһֱڿġرǰ컹ѻеǱߵǮˣ͵˼ĻеɻˣĺܣŵԺ˻еʡһͰһש߹ˣש
۹ⳤԶǸбµġ
Ϊ˳͵¶ֵ˼ҲˣǾ͵òʧˡ
˵绰֪֮ͨˡ
ҪǰҶšƤ񣬲¡
ӸɲЩĵĿ
С۴ͬģʱ˵ҿͬģţ˶ˣҲ֪˭ˡ
Ƕͷʾͬ⡣
Ǵ¶Լ⼸Ҳˮأôһ˰ء
һЦˣˣڡ˵ˣƤأû¶
һ·гϡ
ʱЩӸɲǶûߡǰŵ˻ˡ糤Ǳ߰ѹһ¡
Լڰ칫ҵǹ׼棬Ŵˣ˽˵˵ǡôš
һţϴˣҴˣ쵼֪ˡҲΪԱǳͣⷨӡӦ̫ˡӦÿƹݵģ;ۣ鷳ϴˡӦӴ棬ԼΪȡҰɣˣһĻᡣ
ǣ
ΣƤغˡ
첻֪ô˵ˡҲϴţǲ֪զϡ
ڻ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣ͸ɴԼһڲ裬Ҳˣ˵˵ô
˿λ쵼ȻС˵Լ뷨֮Ҳ̤ʵ˼ģ뵽һ뷨Ҳм׳׳Ǽӹ档եͳҲܰեЩӷڼųԳųԵģ˷𣬻եͳԡĥţӦòǰ˽˰ɡ
룬һʱûת
եܺͼһ
ǺҲûӰ졣
˵ͷշأôշѣ
쵼ͷˣ͵Ψһӵľշ⡣եͻÿեͶģʮҪȻ˷ѻˡ˵ʵڵģԱǼҲôඹӣһҲܸṩ̫ˣԲҲŻġοǻҪ֧ԮеĹֵǡ˵եͣʵǻһ˵ǰѶӷեͳǸǻȻͳƱÿܹƾƱΪեõ͡
˵һЦһǿͳһեͣ˷ѻԴͬʱҲܰǱեõˮ֤ǳԵһֱʵˮҪǣǻԽȹӦһָĹֵǡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮǳٵӡ


91 
ھշ, ÿһ, ǵշѱ׼ǰﶹӡշҲ, ҼһǸĶӻƱû, ͳܻƱǮ, ҲǮ͵Ĺ꣬˵ǲǣ⣬Ϊ˹ʡͣһܸʣӦֽ
ǣǽǲˣ
û¶, ۸Ľǰɱ۸, Ҳ˶ٵġҪô͵󣬵ͬʱԾʡͳԡǣҲʡˮӦʵũĿġǰ쳧Ϊ˸㽨, Ŀģ׬ǮΡ
⻰˵Ĺ󣬸ߴֱ
ǵͷ, һ, ȷʵܹεì⡣ҲԱ⡣ͬʱҲݳ޵ӡ
ǰ, ܾЩֵֹģֻ˵
죬ĵź
뷨ʵҲûิ, ͰͳˣЩϵЩեͰмȥ൱ڴձϢǮװǮϢЩԱͬ־ռԱͬ־ı˾ˡ
˭ûȱǮأϣûǮ
ȥûﲻԾ̾˿㵹ͦȫ档Ȼ취ˣ֮ǰ黹ˣôġú͹㱨
쵼ⶼҵĴ˵񡣡
ǰһۣ뵽Ǹ취
쵼벻Ұæֻõġ
ˣˣͷú㡣
쿴˼ǸŬˣҲһˡ
Ϳʼ̾ˣ쵼ǰ治˵ҪΥ涨һУΪԱũ֮󣬿ԱǸĻԵȴصķˣص·ۡ϶Ҳ۵ģҪȻҲôչǴˡ
ǣ
Сͬ־ְԱˡܲԱҪۣҲˣֱӰЩӸɲǸϻȥͳˡǻΪȫ
ˣ¶Ҳ벻˶ڣһ
ˣ𳶡ȥ˵ȥվûʵѾûˡ
Ȼ£Ҳܽ⣬ĸɲǲġ
رܹȫ棬۽翪Զĸɲѵð
Ҳ֪ǲе˶ô⡣
ЩӸɲѾɤŵ糤ѹסˡ
λ糤ƽʱˬֵģµʱҲѹסӡ
ǰɫٸһһɲǶϹ֡
ǽˣûС
ǰһų˭Ҳ˵ҿҲڣ۾ʹʹɫ
ûûͼۡ
֪Ĵ㣬ԹЩ˸Ƕ鷳
ǰ糤ſ˵˵顣
һţ˵ˡ
զˣզ˵
ӳ񳧳ǲԼͣǺȰˮǲǣǵǽк졣

ţλͬ־İɣһΪŬȡġռʹӵּǣǳ⣬զҲҪǺȵ

˶ʱǳ⣬Ǻ
Ҫ˵һ⣬ҲԵüٵĺܣǲǣ

Ҫ˵ƨǳԡһһģζ׷ˡ
ЩӸɲǾͲˡ
ɲ£ƽʱҲûɶϵҲռء
Բ𳳶𳳣ơҸ˼ǣҲУԺһϣ϶һǲǣɶͳ⣬ǲǳɵү𣿡
⻰Ǻܽġ
ӳǱʾ⣬񳧳⻰񻰣ͬ־øĸˡ
ð˦ǡ
ҪǺһ˵ռͲǸͷˣ
ܿ죬Ǻ糤ˡ
ɫûɶԾȻˡ
֮󣬺ǾͰЩһ٣ûԣΪ˳Ե;£Ӱ칫繤
ЩӸɲ̧ͷ֮󣬺ǲŵǣҲΪ˶Ա룬ξͲΪˡ²Ϊε飬Ҳ˸еİ취ͬ־˵˵
Ҷ
ɤӣİԼոдڱʼǱļ˵˳
ݺ͸ոڰ칫Ҹ˵һֻǼ˺ܶࡣ
һǰﶼեͳǼǣƽһܳƱÿҪհΪá
ڶÿƾƱˮÿ಻
ʣԼӦ⡣
˵Щ֮ЩӸɲǶͿϡһĿ
⣬ռͻԱ
ⲻǮˣզˣ
ԱǳԸͣܵúô
벻ͨ벻ͨ
ûɶʶĴӸɲȫ벻ͨռܴеõʲôô
ͼɶ
ǵˣԼҲˣʲô뷨
ռΪɶô󷽰
Ȼ벻ͨɾ벻ͨŸ氡
ռҲһˣθӵ渶ҲǵΪôʡͣ취һжΪ˹磡ҪǸӲμӣҲá
ǵͬͬ⣿
ͬͬ⣬⵱Ȼͬˡ
ԣû
û
ӵĸɲǶ׷ױ̬֧֡
ǱҪͳԵ ڻܵõôǵȻˡ
ɵӲŲͬء
Ƕһѷͬ⣬̹˵㡣ͬʱҲռֶ˵ΡȻով¶ҲΪ縶ˡ
ռ;һֱڹҪʱվǰ渶
ӡһںˡ
˵ͷ
һ£֪զͻȻֱ˸̬ˡջ˵Ҫء
ЦЦ
ǿȦˣȻǾͰʵʩɡԼնӣԼ¼á
ǣԼհɣǳնԼĹ涨ҪǴմˣʱ׳ɣǹҲҪˣʱǶ˿ͷȥգҲֵܴӰһˡ
֪ϹءҲ͵ͷͬˡ
ЩӸûˣԼʡ¶ء
УôšռͣȥǱ߰ɣŽ
ȥǱߣԶӦһ¡
ЦŵǵʱǴԶգİɣյġһȥöԱ׼öУһҪʰɾǲɾģϸģ۶Ҫġ
İɣ۶ʵˡ
ӸɲǱ̬
Ҳǵôߵˣռ͹˼ˣǻб˼
˵ˣôӶأ˭ҲЦҪԺͳԼӵģǲʧء
ɢ֮󣬴ӸɲǾȲĻȥ˴Ϣˡ
ʵʵĸźǡ
̾θɵĻ´οҪעˡǵɲˣܳʲô
æӦˡ
ϸĿ˿뷨Щᶨˡ
ʵ˵ͬ־Ҳ˼ɣ߰ꣿ
˿ȣͬ־Ҳúøɣúñ֡ɼˣȻΪʽԱˣⰲŵġ
ʺǣǰ߰ɡ
ôУ

ǵİɣռûչãͬ־ҲߡǶȥú¾УľͲõˡ
˿
ǲģ뿪ռ;С
¶û꣬ʱ治ߡ
ʲôλǶν
֮󣬺Ǿȥ糤칫ңֺ¶
糤㲻˵ͦԥ𣿡
̾ǰΣ뷨ˡʵ֪ռΥ涨ģȻҲһ㣬ǰɣǳ˵ҲΪԱ룬ǻЩɲΪԼ棬ѱ¶ٿռͣ˵ףɲΪԱһŮܲװ
糤ЦϺΣԼ˰ɣ㵱Ψһһģ׷Щ˵εʱ˴ˡ
ǷۣɶмأֱզզܲΪԼĹͣϰսɡ
糤ЦЦǴӻģǴӲרҵģԲЩ
˵ҲԣҾСͬ־ͦõġ䣬ûëˡŮզˣϯͬ־˵ˣŮܶ졣
ǵͷʽ֯ˣ۾¶ڼҲٹ۲۲졣
۹һŮǣȷʵҪúù۲졣
ǲ֪¶Ǵæĸϻ˶ȥʹӸɲ˵ֱ
եͳĹˣ°һˡ
֮ǰʮˣۣø䡣
ԼҲɵĺܴ
ðԱŴڴ͵ģż˵ġ
֮ǰӻ̫ˣ˵˾ԲãͲˡ
ʱҲ׼ˣզҲҪѳ˵
Ĺ⼸եģǶܳʵ
ϻӰ࣬ǸƳһˡ
Щˮǻͦгɾ͸С
˵°ŹǻԼ̭һţÿ˶Ҫְ
ܻһӣǰȥˣǳˣʱҲǳĹǸɡҪ˽ˣǲǺλ𣿡
۳ŵסࡣ
λȵʱҲϣ
УȻһӡȵһͳȥˣϽ˳ˣ۾ˣǶСɲ
⻰˵ṤǶ˼ˡ첻˼Цݡ
һߣӸɲҲѻ͵߶Զˡ
һڸˣ֮ǰֻǻͣڳԲͻܹǮܵýѼеĶӶͳˡ
ͳռ͵ģռ͵ԱɲˣȰλøռ˵
ͳСⷿ棬һϲࡣ
϶ˣեͳҲæµˣÿӰӵ㶼ե͡
ְѿһʱĵصųŻƺԱȥ͡
ʹ飬öˡÿ絽ǿģƨɶˣֶˡ
۾ģһúøɡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


92 
˰մ֮, ְѴӸزֿĲֹԱһˡ
Ͼ鶹¶, ֪໹̫, , ǵоģ˸Ÿɡ
Ӧ෢һݹǮЦ, ֤һĶӶС
ְմ󱦸ˣˡ
ʱ͸пþľ˭ ͬ, ӲҲͬǲǣ
˶ʱһ
һĴǿ۵, ôĬĬĳˡ֮ǰ˷ܾҲһ룬ٻЩء
ϾϱŵĵӴ
칫Ҳ½½ڴӲ֪ͨ£֪ռեͳˡ
ֻҪԼҶӴռեͳû껹ܻǮ, һܶ
Աֻˡ
ӷڼƽʱҲ᲻óԣŹڵʱų, ߷ѿɶ, Ҳ١ŵʱ䳤˾׳߱Ӹˡ
ڿɺ, ռեͳǲֹܳԵͣ·ڼﳤ, ׻ܶǮͻѵϵڱ¶
Щ˵ϢʹӲȷϣǲ¡
ڴӵĸɲıȷʵ¶ҹҲ֪¶֮Աֻˡ
ռեͳɺ¶˰ɡ
ռʹŴء
ռʹӻǲġ
ɶ˼Ҷեͳˡ˵Щ˶йءǹࡣ
ЩϢЩˡ
ϾϢֻҪ΢ԶĴӣϾͲ֪ɶ¶ˡ
Ǵֻཻһռ͵Ϣóۣռǲһ˰
йŮļֹͥԺý˰ſռҸżҡ
ֹ֮ЩֻؼʰĶӡ׼ˣʱռ͹ò˴¶
׼ҪȻռַ֮զ죿
󲿷ֵԱǶôģûô¶ռ͵ʱ϶ڡóŻû֮ǰϽԼҵĶ͹ȥƱǾҲˡ
ǵĳӻûأЩһֱ۰Ͱ͵ĵŵ˺ͺǾӵˣռնӿ
ôһﶼˡ
ЩԼҵĶϹΧʵʵġ

մ󱦺ǶϸɲˣܳŵסӣϻеصĴӸɲҪȻѹæ
ѳ氲źˣմǰѹեͳ涹͵߸Щӵĸɲǡ
дθζͣôۡ׽ʣİٷ֮Щֽ
ӸɲԱǶ⣬ãǶϵڱ׵õġֺǺǵıʾܡ
մô̺̯ӣʼɻ
ųϵĻֹԱգմ󱦴եͳƳˣԱǼǣեͳƱֹȷԳеԼΣ˭Ҳʮֽ
æһ죬ҲӣǳϵĶǲ٣㶼ûطſˡ
Щϣпĺô
ʵֻҪʹӵİţһҲɵĽĶóĴӡ
ҲܹΣøһǮ١
Ͻեͳ֮եͳûͣϢСʱֵ֮ÿϵե͸ϻ
ڿƱ¸µģ»õĴĹ͵ҪȻøæ
һǰһ죬Ƿ浥λĵһˡ
ЩͶҪ乫˾ͻġ˳֪Ѻ
ȵһ֮ټեͳ˿ˡ
եͳ߳һˣţδ߸ԶǽҪ¶
һ£ǰܸˡڶ£ȷֹ֮ǰְͲҪˡ£ȷ۷Χ
Ҫѡˣ࿴˿²⵽˭ʡ
Цŵӹʱ䳤ȣե͵ݼ¼Ӧöе˰ɡ
⻰ˣһֱɻȥ
ͷߣӵ˶Ҳۡĵġ
û¡
رÿμӰ඼һߡ
ԼţŵĲˣˡ
ЦŵҶǿúģͬ־ȷʵ۳Ҫͬ־ΪϣԺŵͬ־ܺͬ־һѧϰһϲͬ־Ϊǳĵһܡ
˵ʹͷơװ׵ģҲûɶñԹģŹ
һĻԼ֣ʱվˡ
ϲ㡣ϣԺš
ңһġ޴룬һŬԼֵһ㡣
ЦŵҲˣһͲڱĵطԼĳԴҪ׼ԼĶλԼʺɶԼĳ·ͨ׶һʺԼġԽǽǷֲˡ
ڴְɶҪɡҲ˵ǣҲǻһ±ĸλԼԼҲλˣôֲţԼѡ񡣿۲ţš
˵꣬˾Լˡ
ѵҪΪӵģͼӣۿģÿҪ١ģ۵λһΣ²ϸǾͲʺեͳˡ
Сˡ
Ҫһǣ۷ΧҪıˣɲ֮ǰܻظϼҡȻΧһ⡣ֻѴң֮󣬾ҪʼԼˡ
⻰һûˡһԼмＸܲǸԼ
Ͼ֮ǰȷʵܶ඼ǿ˵ġ
ѡ۲ŵֻˣһһŮȥͻͬ־֮⣬ʣµĶѡš
شҵѡգͷǵĹ֤·һ¡
ӦˡЩͬĿࡣ⼸ˣ۲ѹɴˡ
ҺнôѹһԱȣԼӹĿáһҪúøʦѧϰýʧˡ
ҲЩʧ䡣
ѹ
ŵͬ־ȥԼȥСύһ£ֻ۲⡣
ˣ칫Ȼտˡ
죬֪˵ɶ
ʵǲѹܴ󡣡
˿Ȼͷѹ
ЦʵӦøˡ룬һԱǵľַˡΪҼǻһȦӣֻȦۡ
ԺҪ۰
Ҳˣѡϴɷӣڹ淶֮ҲҪ⡣۷ΧسΪģз䣬ֻ۸ڵصλ
ӴڣȦӾ㹻ˡ
а𣿡
εĻ࿴˿аգóڣ۲ȥƤ㡣
Цļ򣬡Ǿߡ
лҪ˵˵
ԲԲԲҳٵˡ


93 
ũûе˾һ, ҪĻеڸƳһˡ
Ȼ˴, ǴӶڿĵǺ󡣻Ż, ٶֵ㶫ճٵ, Ҳ׬ˡ
Щӵĵһ죬ͻ˴˵Χۡ
ԱǻöɲǮЩ, ǮʡԱԱŬã
ЩЧ֮û뷨ˡ
ǱȲ˰
ЩӸɲǼЩõúãҲ˵ĲˣɵҲѧռͣ¿ĵط, ۶ϡȥռͻͳȥֱӷ͡
ԱǸЦ˻
ռ͵ĻҲһһ͹ˡ
ͺ֮ǰԼõ
Ŷ, ԱЦ۵ġ
Щǿɾɶˡ
ǲ㹤ֵģջʳǲǷָǵ
ǰǵ˿Ϊ˲, ǶŪʳ뷽跨
ȻҲмǼ֪ʶӡ
˵Ƕ֪ʶء
ϽҲ۾鿴װĺû
ͼֽȥ, ø
Ц, ȻС, Ǹʺĵˣܺʡʦɲˡ
Ͻڵ˵оµĻ, 
˵Щ
ǵǵģ뵽ǰ࣬Һܷ˵Ҫлá
֪δеģֻǺǱûҵ
ȻѾ׼ضֲϣˮﻹֲһЩ֮ĳԡ
Ͻ㣬رˣҪܸԺɸˡ
ϽڵҲ̫Ͼޣֻܸ׵ģһЧ
νеȻǺ¶ҪûУҲûɶӰ졣ֻʦ
ϽЦЦ˶ܲܲɻ
ͳЩҲȱˮˣɫˡ
԰﷢չòֹΪ˸жͬʱҲΪ˴δӹĸá
ЩʡһͶˣ׼ٸեͳһˡ
Ȼλˣǳҵæ֮Ҫõġ
Եǰˡ
ҾͺѧУһԺ֪Ҫ뿪ģﵽʱûˣ
й¶Ҳôˣ쵼ԼȥƸȥƸ̶С
йԵĶҲȷĹ涨ҪѧУϽްЩǡ
ܽܽģǲǽꡣ
˵ҶѧУϿεġ
¶ʱ˳Ҳͼ˵һ¡
Ϣ˶£Լûϵ
ϾǿԼĹأһڳǷʲһڴӵ֣ﶼҪ
ҲһˣҪԼְҵ滮
Ҳǿ𣿡
ܿ𣿡
񣺡
ҶҾͲðɣһŮӡ
ҪǾʳøɻȳ棬һֱɰɣҲǿ㡣
ۣԼȥ
°ԼӣŻˡҪǲԼģÿһͺͺǽһ
п˵ǻզûأҪаҾͲˡ
̲ǻɶҪᣬҲڵﵱѾˣ޸ˡ
вģ
үү
°û˵ֻ̫̫ϲ̧ܡ
ֲú̫̫ܣתѵԼӣҪǲϽ˸˵˼ȥ

ŵòˡ
ҶǴ˲ұصģСǼ޸ˡ͸˵ˣϱҪˡ
ίͰ͵аɣȥˡ
ˮǵˣǿϻһءίˡ

һҪйˣռʹæµˡ
λեͳйأǿĿǰõĵλˡ
˵ĺãܷɶġ
Щ˾ͺڣûԼȥѧУĽްࡣ
ûᡣЩͰѺѧУȥ¶ʮͷˣҲȥѧ
ΪλãͦࡣֱӽԵ¶ѧУȻԵ¶Щܡ
ҶԵե͹ˡۣԼ
Եۡ
򵥰ƤӾˡ
ҶԵĲ˳ڰϳɼһ㣬ԳɼҲһ㣬Ȼû
˸ˣ۲ţȻһֱ¼ȡˡ
Ҷ
죬Ҷߵʳöˣȥö
ֺǺǵڶͽܡͽܴ֮ȥԱˡ
ֻҪﵽ۶ʱϢ
Ҷӣõ˰ôˡ
ġҶͷ
תȥޣòƽҲã๤Թ
ڰ칫ҿļ⻰̧ͷɵӴ˴컹˵أɶҪǵӴ󣬺һۣҲƸ𣿡
ҶһˣɶöûǲǾǷ
˿ȣǵǣҾǾ׼һ̤̤ʵʵɿģ㻹һµģŵӴһѵġ
ɶ𰡡
Ȼˣɿͺúöһ㡣ҪԱϸϸѧĻҪذƣ͵ǰѧ£Ҵ󱦸ѧ顣Ժˣˣڶ·ͱѧˣûǸƤҪûǸӡ
ҶĬ룬Լǲɿġ˵ԺлᵱԱ𣿡զܲĽЩ֪Ůأǲ֪ԼȲ𣿿˵Ŭһ·ء
ȻԡовŻҪǲ㣬ҲϹ𣿡
Ҷе
ԼҪбˣզܲء
һȥѧϰȥ
µĹ˼룬Ҳŵԣѵһ˶˸ɣС鳤ÿС鳤¹ˡǾ飬ලǹ
ɰϹֻˡ
쵼˵㻰ҲûʲôĵˡֻҪúøɣԺ϶и෢չᡣ

ԼͽСɽ֮󣬾ֺǺǵܳˡ
ֱ࣬
úѧһ˿ɶԼģҪ
ֺǺǵöİɣ㻹ܲңӾûɶѧġ
תȥˡ
֪ĸ磬ҲǸˣҲͦչˣУ͸ȥӰɡʲôģңҪ뿪˼ҵλ֮ʡ
ЦǺǵϣİɡұ֤û⡣
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


94 
ͺԼһ, ֻҪܹƤ, ;óȥ
˲һϾйλ̸¶ľ顣ǻʡǴλ, سЩСλ͸ˡ
, ͳԴԴϵеӡĻһֱûͣ
ΪеӽӻֽҲԽԽˡ
ǮǻǮ, Ǯˣʹ󶹺Ͳѻˡ
⿿ڲЩɲԴԴϵ֧ԮĹǵðˣг̻˲С
¶ֱӴ绰˹Σùæ̸
ҪեͰ
˼ұեͳжեˮģɹͼƻˡռեͳԼե, ȥĹ
ⲻե, ôҶԵ𡣡
ϾҪĹ磬Ҳ֪ܲ򣬻ǵҹæǣߡҪȻȥ˱Ĵӣ˵
ε, аɣаɣҰǴ绰ϵһ¡Ӧûɶ⡣ũȱʳ, ȱǮ, ռեͳóǮ, Ǿû򲻵Ķ
˺칫ǣߣҹҲʼռեͳṩϡ
ĥţȹ, ǳҲҪӻˣʱ򻹵
쳧ֻҪԭеӣͲ
ˣת۾¡
Ҳռ͹˵һա
Լˣһһ뼦棬żԭա˵ԭµļУҲûʲôյȤ
Ҳһ˳Ըż¶ˣҲܰո
û뵽ռͲŴ˲һءܼ̾סա
ȻԼʵգҲͦġŷԼҲµˣµҲûɶֻҪҸ˾ͳɡ
̣áͷڳͼ
棬ҶͰȥһСġ
ȥĿҵģ
ҸġҶ֪㲻˵ġ
˿ȣûʱ䡣
ȷʵСʱдǸꡣ˾Լְ·ˣҪԼˡЦлҶ㡣ֿɡ
Ҷһ죬Щ⡣ɣⲻǻбĵط
С·ȥˣɩָһ˫Ь滹ò̲ݣһǻ˼ġɩӣлл㰡̫ÿ
ЦûɶҪллأڼҲ˵ĵλˣҲǰԼҲѧı£ԼˡŮ˰Ҫⶼġ
磬ָһСһӶԴ
Ҷһû
ãյʱ򣬸绹ءⲻӲ׬Ǯ
񽫶װˣЦлл硣
лɶܰѡģϲ
ͷ
ٺٵЦЦ
һҲʮֺá
ȻԼգЩ鶼ġﲻǹԮģûиġ
ռ;µĸռ˾µļˡ
ʱյһˣǴӺǼĹġ
ͦġϾǱѾûϢˡÿ״򲻶ļǮǮҲûãϾҲǮˣҲǵġĹѲɻǵգ
򿪰һ˫ƤʵСЬ滹ѹһš
Ĺġ
һ仰Ȼǻ֪ա
üͬ־ͻȻĿ࿴һ¡
յĻ֮󣬽ž˵¶
ʮί˵Щվǿͬ־ֲõΪȻֺڵûܰȡ
ٻĻѾգ·ڼˣÿ춼Ҫ̧ͷͷԺӹƲܡԶСŮܻؼҡ
˵֮󣬾ôôòдţҲ绰һϢûСյ֮󣬼ǵøдš
ղص㣬Ļصɡ
ͷβһ飬Цһ£˸ֱյˡ
ҺһͶԺռûκڴ
ҪȻҪЩĵ˶ģöѾ˷ʱ䡣

ռңٴκվǿ˸졣
ԭվǿ׼óӽס
δϱãҲﵽӣվǿҪⳤϱһ档ҲˣҪİѼͥӵġ
Ͳʹ졣÷䣬ԺʲôءҵŮҪıɱϱŵˡ
⼸һֱСŤ¶͸ˡ
ֱӾܾˣĶϱûž÷䡣ԺǲǻҪҸϳȥҾ㲻裬ҲչǶˡһҲң
վǿĲˣ˵ɶʲô費ģ˵Ļһ˭ҵĲѺõĸӣˣҲԣѺõĶŮĶûôչأܶٻʲô顣
⻰ٺõĺҲŲȥһ׽棬վǿ˵˻˵ңԼôչӣȫźˣͰһ£㻹װ㻹˵ң
վǿʱʹ㣬ָָ㣬Сԭôġˣǡ
תˣ˷Żһ䣬ⷿ뻻ǵλҷֵķӣ
۾ˡ
ںڵĲˣôͲԼŮȡһءƾʲôӶԼŮ뿪
¶ˣһվ˵վڼ֡վΣڼ˵㡣
ڣôյ׹Ů
վǿҲܣǰͦӲ뿪֮󣬶¶ҲܺڣڵԼûڳҪȡһ£վȥˣҲ񰡡
ûġ
ҪڼҲġ
ϴŮسȴһؼҵĳ
ͶԷʱڸп¶
ٻ鸴ӣǿεӣ̲סϴ񣬲˵ؼҵ˵ˡ
ֿʵ뷨ܾͲôѹˡ
˭֪վǿһһӵĿٻǲǻԹҽˣ
ٻһ£ûСʱ뷨˶Ҫɼˣôܻ뷨ء
˵ˣʵ֤Щȷʵ񶼺ܺáչˡ
ôҪԩءվǿпôܲؼңΪũôõģҸ㣬κȥũ壬һ죬ؼңûԹ࣬˵Ըũ壬ҲԸؼҡٺǣܲسǣ
ٻ֣ô˵
վǿһ֣㲻˵ˣǲΪӻسǣô˵ġˣسǵ¶Լ취ɡ
֣˵İôأ
ΪҾũģɶǵˣҼǵһ㣬࣬ũĿࡣɵӣŻ᲻سǡ˵Թңôȥүأǲȥ𣿲ǸӦȥõĵطԼжϣ㲻˵ˡСʱǲϲҲ˵ʲôǺӡǳˣϲҲô˵ۼĺˡ
վǿ˵꣬̾˿СŮǸӣ׸米˵ԼģҲ
ٻ
лҪ˵ôôգ


95 
ǵ, һ㶼ĵġ
й, Ĺͳķչ, Ķ,
ÿ춼ȥ˿ֶĺܺá
νڻûţ, ȻǸģȷʵҲѧũѧ
ںüġʵ飬ֲⷽļ⻹̡ͦ
ׯȷʵ죬綼úá
¶һ֣ǵúЩһֵصũĲˡ
ԱȻЩɵ·ŵ¶Щͬ־ԶĹԽԽ, Ϊ˶, һб¡Щ˼ˡ
ټϴӸɲǶû˵ɶЩͨϰվ͸ȥΪˣǺνߵԽԽôֵء
ѧ˵㶫֮, ȥ˻νЩԼֵĳԵġ
νڸһũͬ־ϵĸ飬ɵԽ𾢶ˣûſ, ÿ¼ϸϸġ
, ׯڳĶܺá
⻹¾յׯ, Ҳ㡣ֻҪׯڳúãҪ˵ָϡȥͱĹ绻ʳΪϽ, Ա֤ԼгԵġ
ϵĸлʦл
νЦŰ֣زأ⹤ܿģ﹤͵ѧУҲûʲô𣬻ܹȻȥɽֲ걾ҲǰֻܶڿαϿֲСհһøл㰡
Цŵǻˡ˭Ҳ˵
һǵ˵˵ԺʲôǿɲһҿɿˣǸб£־ˡ
ЩׯڣڴｨáһֱԸ
Сϣũͬ־ܹϸԣӡ米ȥǮڼܹϸȻһط޷ı䡣ȥ㽨裬ϲ
㻹ǵȥ鰡ȻũѧԶıҪѧġЩѧˣϸλɲûѧҪ߳ȥ㻹ᣬȻ֪Ҫɴ¶ǵվøһ㡣ҽ㻹ȥѧ
񣺡
һֱԼǴѧšæˣҲúúÿˡԼԴЦԺȷʵѧ
νڸпҪǰû׼㻹ҵѧǸ㽨裬ѧũҲǲѡ񡣡
ЦԺҲ˵ء
ν̾ҡͷ
ذ칫ңȥգ׼հѿαһݡֿûٸ鱾ѧϰ
ղͳҲû⡣
һվһܰ칫ˣˮһˮ㣬֪֪಻Ҫ
һĪզҪ
ֺһˮҸոմѧУʱΪɶˣܹȥȻ֣Ȼһֻ֡
̧̧üë֣

ɫ죬۾Ȼû뵽ѿڶʶ
ɶ˵ġЦվȥＸͷֵ
ɻǷԱͬ־һء
ǿʼˡ˸ɻͦ׵ġ
ʱ򣬾Ľһڡ
Ȧۣͷڰ¶һ߶š
㿴ڿ治Ҫ
ָ
ͻͷȻ󿴵ˡ
ûզΣˣӲͷƤôҪˣǹ
Ҳô㰡ⲻΪ
ԼһˣΪ˹Ҫ֣ⱲӾûôί¶
ͦõģͬ־ɵĲЩ𣿡
һҲûвڡ
Ȼû˼һʱȻ
򴽣ŵͣаɡӦϡ
Ǿͺãһúã׸㷢𡣡
нɫһǣöĵ绰Ǳߴ绰𣿡
֪ʵ˭绰ѽ
Ұ֡
Ͷˣִ绰ʾ顣Ұ㽻С
㣬ҲҰִ绰
ʲôûʲôҪ¶۶ڻԣҪʡ㡣ԥľܾˡ
գ
ƽʱ߸ϵģͻȻԱˣʱЩֻˣֻǱðɡ
ЦʲôЦģ
ҹ٣ճǲǣ
ͷգְҵӡ
ĵۡٿӣԼϲֱϹ
س·ϣͺԹпԼ֪Ϲˡ
ӵĿ˿
յ㣬ɶôҡ
Ҿ벻ףǸܿϣڿ̤ʵĹ㷴ˣʲô񰡣

С찡Ժ˲ܿ棬ö࿴֪ڲãҲҪ
Ժ뿪ֱ֮˻Ӹƭˡ
ƶǶĵͷ
ɻǺܲİ֮£³ʽȷռ͵ĸһγɹ֡
Ϣռ͵Աٴθ
һҲȦȥȦΧۻеĸ
ģͿŶ˶Ȧܣү̶ȥˣ˵ҪӺ˻

Ҷˣ˵˾ӢĻӭ
ȣҶ㣬ѧӢˣ
Ҷɶ۶ﺢӺö඼أզǲǺˣѧզ
ҿﲻá
ҶɲУʦ˵ˣῪ˵ӢģưӢġ֪ǵʦ˭𣿴ѧڣ̵ĶǴѧʦ
ļ򣬡пս㡣
죬Ҳֱȥʦѧء
ҶСܿ治¶
Ϊĸϵ¶ؼҵ¶Ե΢ˣ˶ûզӣ̸۽Խͷˡ
·ݹ绹һС¶Ȼ֮ǰ֪ͨһȫһ
ȫѧУѧͬԾǷ˸γ
ռȻûμӣյ˹緢ı
õĵȻǹСѧСѧĴʦ緢˽״˵һĺӣǮ
Ϣռ͵ʱ򣬻֡
¶ȥѧУϸϰʱȻ˵ţǵʱҲдûôʵ
ڹļˣһ˼ҵһӽǮʱкѧļҳǶĶˡ
ǮǮĲҪҪ
ҪԼޱˣԺ߳ȥˣӰ
ȻǮҲ٣ֱܵˡ
൱ںֻҪãϲûǮܵñ
⻹ڸпأڶˣȻ۶ĺӸϲҲҪԵġȰ·ҲҪԣúõģѧУҲÿ꼶һǮ
ӿöҳסˣȺǷѧˣָǵԴͽúѧ
ѧУĺǣ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


96 
¶治˵˵ɶʱ, һλ
եͳ, ǮԽԽ, ȥĹնӵǮ֮, ʣء
Ȼʱܴ󶯣Ƿѧɶ, һⶼûеġ
ѧУʦҲŵˡ
οĺõİ༶ʦҲнֹ𣬻ܸʦǷżϢ졣ر֪ͬ־Ƿżټ죬ǻسͼžۼ졣
֪Ǹ˻ˡ
Щ˶þûȥˡǰȻзżٵʱ򣬵ǶһҲǻؼҡػصӰ첻áǻ֪, Щ˶ûϻؼҵĻˡռ֮, ƽʱæҲ˼١
лȥһϲĲˡ
ʦһϼƣɴÿһڸϰΡȻһϼôܰЩӲĺҲ̴㡣
һĻıߵ, ʮֻϽզ顣
źѧϰΧϽǶȤˡ
½ڵռͿáǰûĸѧУôѧϰ, ǻȫԾ
ɷڵ, ˺ðڶŻȥ, ȹҲ
˶пЦЦ
ǰũʱ򣬻һܹؼңصĸλȥ
ڵҲûôˡ
, ǽѧ
ֻǰЩͬ־ǣﻹЩꡣ
ֹѧУʦǻ˼ҸļҳҲӡ
ԴӶ˻еûôæµ֮ѧУÿһεļҳɲ١֪ģǶѾʼѶдҵ¶һҪ¶ˡ
ӳҲ⣬ؼҵһ¶Ǽ麢ѧϰ
ǰҿǴӳҪǿãҶû氡
Ľӡرǹޣش󣡡
չдˣǺҵС֡ҽڣøȡĴ䣡
¹ܽɶ֣Ҫѧϰ
չ֣˵ңҵⶼء
ʱСӡǲҴû˭ʦôֵĿġ
չʦ˵ˣ˶Ŀġ
˶ʱЦ磬˵㣬Ҳúúѧˣû׼ɶʱ͸ˡ
ⲻǹæ𣿡
̲ӣڣ񲻱æҲÿϿء
ҲѧæҾ鿴
صͿԼϱſСддġɶأִչȥԼϱȻд¼
Ҫ֪ϱûġ
ͷҲû̧ң¼أִųѧŵ㶫ˡҵü¼á
ɶʱѧдˣ
ѧˣѧУÿ춼࣬ҿ˾ȥϿΰŵ
ѧ꼶ˣ
ҲѧЩѧʵõģѧʶֺͳˡѽˣˡ
˵Ҳˡ

һϣûզ˯áͻȻ֣ȫ棬ԼȻʼˡ
ǰĻģڱ˵Ҷˣäϱʼˡ
ڶһ磬Ҫȥѧˡ
ûеõ֮еıֻг°˵һ䣬Ǹ׷Ͻġ
ҲЦЦ
ҲûȰѧϰϾ˷ϴӳλˣһֱҪԼѧɳѧı˼롣
ҪȻզŵһӣ
ԼܿԼ״˵ֽˣ֪ʶԼĲˡ
·Ѯռ͵ĺ칫總ѧУͦӵģ˸úǸʽС
ѧĿԣʱҲ졣
ʦǶ࣬ԾҲ졣
ϲʱ䣬ͰѸĳɼܽˡ
οԳɼ㲻Ҫá
ϾЩ֮ǰûôģҲ¸ϰѡ
οԣռ󲿷֣аʮϵռ˰ٷ֮ʮʮϵģռ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ѧУרŸ˸佱ʽ񽱵ĺǰ䷢˽״ͽ
ýĺǸЦСģͦСظ
ǿĲôĺȴüġ
ʦһզˣ˵Ļȥ
Щʦǻºӻȥ򣬾ͺ˵¶
Цû¶ᰤġء
ռ͵Աȷʵá
Ϊׯڳúð
Ӧ˵ǴƬĿĳϵׯڣıֵׯڳúá
ΪûƻһׯڣڶġܶһЩʳˡ
ֵĻǻƶأʱֵˣȥեͳͳԣܻǮ
һЦ۵ģ¶Ѻӿ¶һˡ
ȺӻʵʵûˣҲûЦеû¶´ŬͳɡۼҶͣӺú
׼ĺӣ
ڶ죬Ǹȥæˡ߶Ÿлա
ѧУҲ֮ǰŵһĺõʦֱӷż˻سˡ
һ֪඼ܻȥ֤Сɽȥسǳվؼҡ
վեͳſڣЩ֪뿪ӣԱߵ㿴û
ɶ⡣
Ƕﻹȱ˲Űһߣ㿴һ˶֪ʶӰ˭ܱ֤һӴء
һ飬ңҺöｨѧУںǶڽܽҲڽٽ
ҪȻЩһߣﻹ治С
ö˵ǰզͲЩأ
ЦŵҲԺ۶ѧУҹΣÿѧϰࡣֹˣһҪö˶ѧῪѧһ֮Ҫ˵ʱûá
Ѿöȱ˲ˣҪ˲ţȻȫ֧֣У
֪ǵ뿪ûиоľռ͵Աˡ
ΪѹͲȱͶ
˶ﱾеĻе֮⣬񻹴ӻеҲ˻æա
̨ոһжոĻѹͲ¶
ʱ䣬ոһƬˡȰĴ󶹺׸ˡ
߸˵һء
մһˣĴƽĶȻһ㼸ˡ
ɲͰ
Ҫ֪֮ǰҲֹĶҲʮ๫
ȻⶹӻûɹǺɹһɹҲ϶оʮ
˶ʮĲడ
һˮˡ
ʮﶹܻüءʡųܳԴˡ
еӣǲһ
ҪԺгԲˡ
ԱǸ˵۷׷׵ġ
ӸɲҲ˰
ɶǽճɡ⻹ûء
հ۶ֶҪ
лҪ˵ôôգûд 
˼ҵλдˡǹ


97 
ռʹӵ, Ҳӡ
ǻرʱա˵Ŷͬ־æ, ˡռ͵Ѿʳˡٶ, ܹȫꡣ
һĶ, ˵ĺϲ£죬ð, ð˵ɹˣ
ǻûͺϵ֪ȷʵյĶˡ
ǰǶĶ̫ͣûֶ١Ҫܹһֱô, ǿɾͺˡЩп
Ǹ㹤, صľʳ
ֻҪϰղӣܳԱ㣬Ǿĳɾˡ
ռ͵Ǹе, ĶҲǳɹˣʱҲҪ֪¶ġ
ռͺͺ칫Ҫ¶¶ˡС, , ĿǰǲǻûС
Ц, ֲƵƹˡ
ƹͺãƹҲֲһЩ
, һЦʵǣҲǶֲһЩã
ȻöǵȻҪֲˡ
ԣ˵ĶԡЦſ˿ߵĴӸɲǡ
Ϊռ͵չ̫λˣ⵹ù粻òˣ֮󣬺ִȥӿеʹ
һߣһ𿪸ˡ
λոպǵĻҲˣ˵ⶫãҪֲ
ǵͷʾԼˡ
綼˵ã֧۶֣ҾҲӦ֯ϵİš
˵ͷεǸöֲҪƹ㣬϶ҲˣʱǶŪЩ
ûЦһ£õˣ飬ֲؾͶϡǻһƬأרŪһۺú֣оˣ϶ֵܹı֮ǰҪá
飬һ㶣е
Ȼһֱ֧񣬿ҲǸֵضũҪֶָŹ԰
ǱĲ֣۳ɶ
ͱĴӻ߹աǮղʵڲУʹӳﻻöĶȥӻǻ
ǿ϶
ũҵƱûУڹء
ֵ룬ǽֲֲǸɶֵһ㣬ɶôҪרϣ۾ͺðˣ۾һ˼Ͷ棬ϵȥҺõӣõĻʡֻҪĶ࣬궼ܽͺͽۿֵĶӺһôⶼĵĽǲǣһ¶Ժ˳͵ʱ򣬾ռˡ
ûɶгҲ֪ôƷЧ档бҪǰͰѼӴԺȸĸʮ߶ʮ꣬ռեͳԲģˡ
ӸɲȻûô͸ʵǰȴҲòͬĹ۵㡣
ֵܹʡͶǰ̫ˣֹȷҪרֲϣˣԺҲЧʡؼǺùڷֹ̫ӣܲ㡣
ܽҪǣƣեͳǻũû
ԺǻԽԽ࣬ܽŸͶˣ۲һֱǲǣȽͶˣͰЩ˰ǵĳÿÿй˽ˣǵӻܰѲù
̫ˡ
ܹˣ˭һֱֵˡ
ԭģڶлˣﻹũûе˾ԺեͳǮɻũɺܶˡ
ʱ԰ŸͶˡҼһˡ
ǸЩ
Щʲôҵ˵е֣ȻûӣҲûɶԣ
ҪǺ˵ܹեһЩ򲻵Ķǿɾˡ
Ҫۣһꣿһĺ֣
ӸɲǼʹӳͬˣɴһҧǾԿܲᰤ
ҲһӾôȫϾĶ˶ûġ޷ıǶ˼롣
ܹһĺֲͺܲˡǻԲϵĿġ
뵽ģ뵽һ¶ˣ۸İɽʱҲʰʰֵ磬ԺӴҳԳԡ
ɽزʹûûʲôĵôֹǺáϾһͳΪҪ֧ŵҵǻҪһ¡
ũ崦Ǳһ㶼˷ѡ
鵹ǵõϿˡϾɽҲǿšֵӳԵǺõġ
ֵ̫æˣûǸʱ䣬ʳȥˡ
˻ˣҲܳʱɵ뿪
ܿ죬ռ⼸һֲƻͳˣԱһ󲿷ֶϣЩġԼСӳ
Сӳżɶﻹܷɵ㿴ڴӣӻܲã
Աʵɶ
˵ˣʱȥۻóԵģ͸ڹ绻óԵġͺ»ʳۻеʳأףšǲҪڵĶˣרŶϡȡ궼ͽա
һܺͳﻻԱǾˣʵܻۼҶ¹Ҫˡ
Ӧаɡ
ٺ٣ǾͺãǾͺãҲá˾ϡЩ
Ϊ֮ǰռʹһֱԱ·ߵĺãζﵹûǵľˣһһաӿ϶ԶҪȻôã
Ҳ㣬ǰۻգڶﻨǮˣǻɶ̰ĵġ
Ա㣬иϱǲˡ
ۿնɵģˡ˺һӣ̲ס͵͵ˡ
Էʱ͵͵İҵʣϴκ˵ù֪ǴȱˣܰŪ
¶ˣѹûŪСӾ͸Ȼ켸졣
Ȼ裬ǲ˵ֱģռҪľǺƽǢķΧ̾Ҳ֪֮ǰռ͵ĿģΪϴξûͺԸⰲũЩ׳˵զ죿и֮ǰڹӡ̫ˡռͣڹɶ˵Ȩ
Ĳˡ
ŻǼиֵ¶
զ찡
㿴ⲻҲŬôŬķչռͣΪռͱӣԺлȨͺͻһڳɻˣؼǲ˵ˣ
һ룬ȷʵռȷʵˡ
˭üﶼָء
˵ͷ񰡣ɱƭҰ
ƭ˭ƭǣ˭ģ˵⻰ģԺͱˡ
ңЩšھͰ񵱾ˣ¶ˡ
ͶˣռͣҪǲңǻ˭Ҳи嵱̫㿴ռ͵¶ˣǹȥ¶۰ռĺˣԺ۾ֱӺͺ飬ռ͵Сһᡣܲǣ
Ҳû취ˣ˵ĻЩġǵͷ㡣
ԣҪúùռ͵˶и嶼ڸı䣬
ã񰡣ллˡ
ɶռ͵ˡҿиŽռ͵ء
ͺˣиҲǸһˣǼһ·
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


98 
ΪԱǶϵ¶, Ҳʹӳŵ, οĵĶ, եͳȫˡԱҪǮ, ҪͣҪĶ, ǰʱեͳǻ
ϢһԱǾ˷ˡ
˵ʵڵģԵĶǲȱҼһֵĻ󶹹ˡ
ӷżҲ᲻óԡųʱ仹ˡ
Ը⻻Ķǿ̫ˡ
رųĹҵƷ֮, ͿʼֹԼҵҪɶˡ
һܹѡ, о̫ˡ
Щ˼ﻹ⿪˼ͥ飬żҪɶ
ڵյʱ򣬶ڻཻϢ¶չ, Ǹֵġ
칫綼ֵյʱռ͵СѧҲӭ˵һʽѧ
ѧУ涼æĽŲմصġ
ЩӼ̽׻ʦǣҲĻиɾ
αĺӱ֮ǰϸϰĻҪࡣ֮ǰϸϰҲǼﰲһ, λϼҼһӶˡֵĲˡ
, λϽҲ߸˵, Щڴѧĳˡ
ְá
ѧҲһԸˡ
ʽѧ, ԺǾҪСѧҵбҵһܹУѧ
ĥŻҪ׵ʱ򣬴ҿˣʱǷˡ
Ҳ׼Ѷһ˵ķӸôİ̭Ҫõשˡש¶øϽŪ
Ҫǵռ͵սȥשǾˡڶҲûǮûҪٰԼȥשˣ㡣
ĥһӣгȥΡ
ש߳¶Ƕθġ
黹ͦãæʱ۹ˣ
æǵĹæǰӺǲȥǶæˮûʱء
ЦŵæŰءҲ֪յһΡشҲϵǹδĹ롣
զǾЧզ
⻹ʣǶֲûҿ֪ðԼҲУҷ˾ա
˵¶ͺЦ
ĶﶼǼ̨ǶɻռʹӿǲһһȥǻĺҪǶΪȥĳء
ЦЦҲ뿴Чզʡʵ֤лǿˡ꼱ææգɲĻÿ춼ˡ۶ũͬ־ࡣ˵֮̽ʵΣǱĴӵզ˵Ҫǳһ˳רŸשܸ߳𣿡
üͷһôɶ뷨
۹ש߳ȻˣһֱƽƽģĵӶҽӡⲻҲھ𣿾ҪܹʽйשߣǲǸ𣿡
ڹשҤһֱõ񵱳Ľ飬賡سҪשߵĴӣԼ˹աשҤˣҲõĴӸذŹ˹Ļ
ڼ¶˵ˣ
ǿûõĺãһզҲʡĸ˰ɣɸʮ˵ש߳Ȱשⶫܷźܾã»ûˣˣ۲ĸ𣿡
εͷʵҲ¶ֻΪ⻹Ǹûе֪Ժɶ
ЦΣҵǾãڰʵʱΪԺʽ˹ˣǿ϶һֱשˣΪũæͲש߳ǲǣŰһ£᲻Ӱ졣ڲӰ죬Ժ϶ҲӰˡӰ죬Ҳš
ĬĬĳ˿̣ȻͷҲЩ
ֵںĳӶϵǻǵĹ˺ש۵ʱǮ΢ôһ㣬϶ġ
飬۾ˣǻܰæ
ǰûڼȻռͺЩλˣǿ϶ҲҪæѽӱһ
˵öԣ˵Զԡθ˼ˡ
ש֮Բ²ҲΪһֱڹĸӡǶשûô
ҲƽʱҲשɶġ
ҪټҲһЩש飬Ǿ͸ˡ
СհҾÿԣԴӸӵ˹ɻҪӰ죬ǶȥӰ죬Ͷ
˵ָ֮пҲΪܵŹ硣
ۼң迿ңΪһӣⶼǱġ
Ц
˵ţͻȻĹ㲥һ֡
ⰧʱҲˣʱһ⡣
ҲͻȻһ¶ûȹ㲥ݣסˡ
Ҳüͷ߳칫ң㲥ˣ19769Խ9賿ΰ䡭׶
˶ʱͬ׺䶥һɫޱ䡣
û˵ҲЦˣͿŹ㲥ķȻûЩľǸʱҲǴСũĸɲǽġ
ô˵ΪũӦøлľλΰˡ
ϧˣʱվ̫ˣûۼһ
칫ҵ㲥ҲӰ칫ܳˡ
һĿɿڴ˰ɡ
ǸŴӰ칫߳ˣã㲥ظһ顣
һδҶˣҲˡ
֮˶һûӦȻ˾Ϳʼˡ
Ǻ糤ۿˣ˰İӮ˵ͨѶԱȥӱš
ռ;ͲȥˣҴŻȥɡ
šͨѶԱʵӦһгˡ
Ҳû̸¶ˣ⼸ӦҲ̸ˡ
˵ǻϢҶһ֪զˡ
ֻ̾ϢţԼгռ͡
֪ôռ͵ͬ־˵ء
һ·ʹгֱռʹӡ
˴ӣӭĶԱǵЦһ͹һˡ
ǺкҲӦһȻϽȥҶɲǣ춼Ϣһɡ
զˣҶæͦ˵ģҿͷһοô
ЦǻΪ˸Ͻѻ꣬öǻ
ҸմӹһϢϯͬ־ˡ

ӸɲһĬΪϹ˵ɶ
ɶɶɶ˵һ飿
һһϯͬ־ˡ賿

ӴӵĸɲǶһܴģȶվסˡ
˵Ůͬ־ˣСˡ
񣺡ˣ˵ôһ٣
զ찡˵Ժզ찡˶ˡ
 ӻǵΪӸɲóšϽ֪ͨ¶ɣҪġ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


99 
ӸɲǰϢ֪ͨȥ֮, ռ͹Ȼ˱˵Ǽƾͺһ
ͣ, ͣ, ѧУĺҲżˡ
Ҳ׼˵ʲôĻ, ӣӦǷйһԼ
ֻԼ֪, ̫ɽˣ컹ʱǲܹԼ
ܶǿǰǶλΰνǴԨЩ˲֪ٴũڵˡ
¶үүλڵидġƽʱҪǿ, Ҳڼ޵ġ
ڼſ, աҲˣʵ񰡣˵, ǹԺզ
ɶզ
ǣû˴ˣզ
ãˡ;û˷һ
ļ, , ͷûô, 㲻ôԶ
ⲻǶɲ𡭡
۾ôȷɣѾռ͵ĻˣԺ󲻹ܻ˭Ӹɲ, ֻҪڻúøɣֻԽԽáѾվˣǻٰȥ
Ȼᣡᶨ
ͶˣúϢɣ죬̫ˣµһ졣
ͺ˵һ
ұһ죬һҹ֮󣬷ֵڶ컹ˣǻҪµظɻΪÿԱŬҲĵ
ǻ֮⣬ѾʼˣΪչŬ
ȥҲͻָȻû֮ǰԾˣǸɻǲӰˡ
֪һֱܵ䡣
͹ˣﶼܳءϯͬ־ĺ罨ũġϯͬ־ˣԺ󡭡ܻس𣿡
˵ֵ֮ᣬ͵Ҳ˵ռͲãֻǣǵļұϾﰡ
ҵǾãҪıˡ
ʲôı䣿
Ҳ֪룬ͺͶﻻɲһÿɲԼ뷨ҲԺֻµҲ˵ôҺúøɣҲ˵ҳŵˣֻҪռͷչˣҾÿ궼ȥȡسܰѴͻسġ
ΪˣϽ۲Ҫ˼Լѹ
ЦŵûɶѹֻҪúøɣⶼǴӦõġҪȻһʲô֪鳤ô˵Ӱ칤ˣſġ
ǾԼȺˡ
ȥʱɫҲãǻټ֪ǿˡԭ˵һ顣
֪ҵʱɶ״ǲҲǴŮӣŬǹϺˣ̤̤ʵʵľ㽨衣۸ɶҪôأܻؾͻأܻأռ͵ӻȥˣܹǾͲܹ
⻰֪˵ѡռ͵֪࣬ûһǲǵĶġҪѧУ飬ﻹܵõѧǵĽ̵֪ʶ
У֪ˣ۲ˡŻسˡ
ǣúøɡռ͵ӲǰùˣǰܹԺҲܹ
УȥУ˵˵ѹû˼
ε˾Ҹˡ
˵ӳһиֵء
һۡ죬С̵ʦȥ
ôһ֣յûôˡ
ο۾Ҫ뿪㣬ϯͬ־ˣۻҪ㽨裬һ㽨衣۰ռͽĺԺҲԽԽá
ĵͷ
ͷ鲢ïİ¶˵ˡһۿˣ˵Ҷˡ
һֿۣЦãʲô
ǶģҪɶسˣͰĸ㽨衣ǻ˵ûεʱҲܸǰŵĻͳӵĻҲܰŸɵ㣬˶󡣱¿ǡҶӹģ¿ࡣ
жллˣҪҸɱģúý飬úѧϰǶ֧ˡ˾ְɺñְ
ᶨУġ
֪Ǿôһ⣬ԽҵˡξͷѧˡǾͲˣలһڿΣѺǶѧУдҵ
ŶũæҲҪѧҳḺдҵ¶ܽӹ
ռ͵ĺǾÿѧ۰Ͱ͵Ŀӵĺӿ԰ʱѧؼҡ

µףռĸӣռ;·һϲˡ
ϲҲ׵ĽȥĳƳ嵭ˡ
ҹȥˣüһÿһͷĸϴλҪƽһͷĸʮӡĸ߲ˡ
һӾʮͷĸ
ӸɲЦ͡
ʮĶʾ˿϶ͬ־ɵúã۶ôӡб£
ձŹǷ⻰Ц
Ŀһֶշۡ
ȻӺܶ࣬һԱǷֵġϴԱǰ˶⹩Ӧء
СˣԱִ׼Ҫˡ
һΣ׼ĸԼˡϴ¾鲻㣬չ˲áڶˣҲЩˣҲˡܹܲ⿿ͷĸӡǵɶʱ
մ˷ܵ۶Ҫʮͷĸ

Ӹɲ
ǵש¶æˣȥשȥ
˵¶Ҳǵש¶Ϊ·ݷ¶ⶼһֱûȥҹءڹǱ߶ѾָˡĥȥѰ
ûȥأε绰ˣЩ˵ӡ
۹طսչκǻõˡ
һҲˣ˵칫ũûеǿеģǹ쵼쵼з
ƨˣôﶼ
ЦЦ׼ש߳¶Ǿ¶ˣϴ˵顭һӣǰͺ˵ˣҲÿԡ֪ͨ·ȥˣǶе绰Ͳ֪ͨˣԼѡ˰ɣѡԱ
ˣϲϣȥ֪ͨǶɲֹ֧繤
˵绰֮˷ܵȥ˵¶
Ǹשô˸ɶڿҲˡ
磬㵱εʱզ˵ţ

ץץԴ˵ͦࡣ
ǷӰ磬ӣ
˵͸ǣ۶Ǯ𣿡
զûǮأһˣ˷Ǯˣ
˵ȸǣ
ͷ͵ôҿŬϽˣסϺ÷ӣϺӡ
ǲǲã
ɶãǸǣ
˵ˡ
ǾúĹͬԣһ
۵ʱίһ㣬Ҳ˵ôסӸЩûס·ԼҲᵽָоˡۼҲҪǡשסˡ

лҪ˵ôôգ


100 
ռ͵ĶҲ, Ͼչש, ⼼ġ
֪שҪ, , Щ˶μӡ
Ӹɲһͷ, Ǹ⣬Ǹֵˡ
һӵģ߳˳Ļܳһݹϵ
ɶϵԽʱ, ԽҪ, ҪȻ˭õ˵ˣѡ˵¶ùϵҪϵզԼȥ
Ӹɲǣ
, ͱôɶ
Сʲô׼
С磬Ȼǹְ㲻𣿡ɶϵ, Ͱչѡ˭ƽʱɻ, Ƕ, ѡ˭
ռ;ͻùѡˡ
ԴǵȻǣǾҪѡõȥҷ, úùƽʱﶼм¼ġ˭ɵĶ˭ɵ٣۶֪ԺлᣬҲôѡ
ûѡϵԱҲûɶ뷨ˡ
Ͼоݵģ˵ԼҲ˼ڡ
Ǳѡϵļ˸˵Ĳˡ
ƽʱͷɣҲΪ˶ַʳ
Ҳûű￴ءû뵽ؼʱ̻áϻ˵ĺãƽʱԵҲûûġ
Ҳܿѡˣש߳˹֮Ϳʼשˡ
λصظ˵绰ɼǵø¶
ǵüǵãҪλ۶Լ򣬳ɲ
ΪЦЦҲУǶǮ
˵ʵڵģǼǮǲǱש˵㣿
εǵˣﲻð֪ש˵ˣƻ˼ƻá
ڹҶһȷʵץıȽϽǮɶܿصļϸ
ҪǮǸǮǵʱͳ߸Ƕͣô˵ִӽ
һˣ⵱ȻˣǲͳԿˣ
ΣͲصˡЩǳ⣬ɲҪͳԿҵ˼ǣǵҲʵͳȥͣ͸ǵƷ

ӴͷשͷҪƷ
ʵҲ൱Ǽ۸ˡֻǻ˸ӱͨһ¡ѱǮͶѡҪǱ˼ǮҲЩλʡǮǵǮղҪһĵ
ⷨҲãǿжԲߡ̲סп
ѵҲɶ߶ԲߵģǶﵥλĸлҲǹԴӵķ֡Ǻ¶ڵ绰￪ЦҲҿмɻнԱءһĸû¶զ죬˵ȥ˶಻ð
æЦ˵ˣǻ֧֡ãһͷͺ˵˵
˵绰֮ȥҺ˵ˡ
˾ⷨҲá׬Ǯһġ
ô԰ɣǺ칫̫ˣҪȻϰոǷõש飬שṩӦģ̫ ϰ᲻øǷӰ
Ҳꡣ
ʵȽϸԣĹҲȥιѧϰԣĹЩϰѾϷˡ
Ҳûȣ˼׶Ӱ֣ǱߵĴֲˣרŹӦ˾׬һǮˡ
ⲻ˭ܸɵģ˼ǵơȲˡ
ֻź칫Ҳ㸻ԣԺܸש߷Ҳש߳Թôˡ
ǵũûеõĺܺãҾÿԼáҲռ͵ĸı俴ˡũ⿿ֵأ渻ԣˡǵýͶͶɸǮ¶
Цŵȿռӽ׵ʱùҲѧѧ
ǵͷ
ֺ֮Ҳ˵绰϶֮ǰ顣
ЦӦˣڵ绰ͷĿھͱʾһŬ¶ġ
˵绰Ͱټˡ̸¶
֪ǹǵķ֡ԸΪǵեͳǻʲôɲȥΪǵĳŬӣදƤӣǳȥ࿪Դ
ྪȵҲ̫˰ɡѾ˰ɡҪǷ𣿡
˭˵ģ˭˵ˣȥʳÿһˮǺͣǲһóԡʡųԣ͵ˣ۾͵ǳųԡҲųԸһĻᡣ룬͵ͣԲԣ
ٺٵЦ͵ģųԡԲɵӡ
ࣺ
һͺͳʳһֻҪǮˣóˡʹˡιΪܹŸࡣʱҲҪô˵ǹשΪ÷եͳԲ棬ש͵ġûשԽ࣬͵ˮҲԽࡣ͵ġ
񺰵ӴզשҲͦӡȿȣҲشˣ򣬱שģ˭Զǹש鰡ͣ˼ⲻҲ𣬴Ǵһôǳ˵ǷǳӣʵҲΪԼǺˣ
һۣôɶզ˵զ˵⼦ѪŴأʲôˮôʱ򲻴ʹˡ
񣺡
˵Ƿ־Ϊ˷֣˵ôɶΪש鰡͵ͲǴǳģǳﲻǶˣⲻǴٽǵĳˣΨͼģ˼̫ˡ
졣ͷ˵ʵǾ򲻸ˣ
˿ȣ˵öԣǾҪߣשΪ˷Ǵӵĳӣչǡ
ΣĵҲǸһƤġ˵ϹģҪѧĻкܶࡣ
Ͷˣǵ˼ҪҪ档ѾĿɿڴԱҲô˵ģȥǰשԽ࣬ǶԹĹԽ磬Ǹ㽨𣿶Ƥӵ飬򵥣
̫˰
֮ǰǾֱ̫ˡ
ܶӶƤӽ¶Ƕ¡
һʹ˿ᣬֹ˻ȥӣԼȥ̸Щש¶
һǸһ𣬶ʱ̵ġ
˴Ǻð
˿࣬ţҪҸϱǾ͸ˡϱôܸɣɶҲòˡϧˣԼûɶĻ˼ҿǳ֪ࡣ϶Լ
ȻϲΣҲ֪֮
ͱ統СӶϲŮ֪ΣһοҲˣǾûһ˼
Ϊ֪Ůˣ϶
̫ˣ㶼ˣʲô˼ˡ
Ҳڶȥ̸ש¶
лҪ˵ôôգ˵㡭


101 
ΪǺͻееϵ, ȥҵľǻе
ҲܸռʹӵӡΪռ͹Ӧˮ, ʳñǰʳúܶࡣҲˡ
öֵ, ͵ĳɱҲ˺ܶࡣ
Զռ, ൱Ѻõġ
ȻֻǸΣҲ԰ʱһ档
ССնЦʮ׺, Ǻˮ
̸͵Ķģ
ຬЦǵģǹµĸǺֵܵλ˵һǷҪ
棬Ŷ, , ɶ
Ͱש͵¶˵ˡ
ɶͣשͣ
ǰ, ǹȫΪ˷ͳóһֵǮΪƷ

⹫ô󷽣
ҲǴˣϸһ֪, ҲΪשġ
͵ĵҲʵʵġ
, , ǵһ֪ͨǵģΪ߻֪ɶʱΪҲҪש߳ʽй, û׼£¸¾ûˡҪɵó硣שֲŻţʲôʱˣҲ𣿡
һ˵ҲȷʵᴢЩש飬޲Ժǽ֮ġܶĵûСϾǮϿ϶õġ
һ뵽иӿܾûˡ
Ҳ׼һˡ
Ͼܶ㸣ã
ʾͳ˵һǷҪҪ϶ȥǺ칫שġ
ʱ࿴һۣЦ⡣
ûܾǾǳˡ
ʱ޵ͬ־ո֪˵
񲻺˼ץԴʵҲûɶԼҲǸ̰˵ġȿȾǲϲԿģԾͳҪǻңզŻڱҪҲⶫ
ҲЦһ£뷨û۲ֹҪƤ˵ûλ˼ԣӦѧһˣлл㣬ͬ־
һԼǿˣʱõĲˡ
˭ûرӣŻǺܿ϶ġ
̲סЦ
ôһϼƣ׼涼˵ȥ˵λ
ⷨӻá
Ҳשģ˵ʱ޵ģĶˡӦҪ濼ǣҪ϶ȿռששġ
ʱ䣬ǾͰﵥλܱˣҵȵڶʱ򣬻гӰ칫ѯש⡣
˹Ҳ⡣ЦɵĲ
ͬ־ĹͣͰ˵һ¡
һʱˡ˼ʮ֮ġ졯
죬ֻ졭Ȼʵһʮ춼ܿ
ȷʵ磬
ŵͦͦ
۾͵͵ࡣ
û֣׼˵¶أשߵ¶ҲðˣǻҪרעǳͳǷչĺõʱ׻׼ټӻԣǻǵӶ
Ҫطȥ𣿡
ʱã̫ͨˣۺúõİ⸽￪þͳˡҪ֪˵޵ġ˵ĿǰֻӦЩλЩأ˼Ͳˣÿ¶йӦͣɹȫ
ԣҲɢˣҪɢͳԻṩӦģﻹҪȥЩ̸ûЩж˸ǾΪ
ǡˣ
ҡҡָͷⲻϹ𣬳ﶼҪģ͵ȱĺãԪףԷ˸ŮڡһͶڡǮƱȥֱӷǳƱһ죬ֱӴ;ˡ
ЩԶզ죿
ûϵҺ˵˵ǳǱ߸ǸСڣʱ˹ȥţרŷЩġ˵ǸɵԺǻƱ˭˵׼أҲùܣǳＯģλġ
۾һ˶ˣҶˡ
ΪӵĳӣسֳӲһǶϳӺ񣬻֡ǴҲˡֻԼúõչˡ
ᶨţԺ취ǳӶ·
ڱ̾ΪֹЩ
˵Щ֪ˡ񶮵̫ˣҲĶࡣ
ɢ֮˷ܵȥԱᡣ
Ϊھ죬۲ĹҲҵ󣬵Ͼо˷ֹ
ǵĿǰĹӦҲ̴̯ˣȰĿس档
̵ʱڰ̯̿
Ѿﵥλˣ¶ûɶѶȡڶһֱˡ
еǾͲȥˣԴ绰˵¶
Ҫǿǵͬ־ԼʳóͣǼ˿϶Ҳԡνиͬͬԣô
˵ڳǻе
ǰϾ˹ڵĸ֮󣬲һõģۻģռˡ
ͿˡЦ
뵽һ¶ˣⴰڳԺǻеĹ˳Ͳ͸ˣǿԳ︣Ʊ
Ǵ¡
ôõĹϵˣ˵ˣũ彨裬Ӧõġũһ
ǿ̫лˡҲЦŵ
е㶨ˣҲһǴҲ뵽ڳ͵ˡ
еĹ˷ƱҪǲʱ﹤֪ˣǵиȽ
Ϊ᲻ء
¶̸ûɶ⡣
ڵ죬һƱˡ
ͰҲ˻еǰźõСⷿ棬ǶרŵĹ̨
һԱһԱǱš
еǰסԷҲʳóԡ൱ǳפسˡ
ڵ죬еͱЩ͵Ĺ˰Χˡ
ƱųĶ顣
ĽĲˣ˵˵ܰ£һССĴͳˡ
ȷʵб¡
ڣͳæĽŲմصģ絽եͣȻ͡
æ֮ôʳõ˸Сӳԡ
ˣúóԣҲ
ǶԵĹӣֺǺǵġ
ϳ극һŶһؼҡ
Ȼ࣬ջܴ鲻صͺͼ˵ͳջ
˻ˣôǮ
ǰЩﻹ˺öոء
ǵλôã
Ц
˭˵һǵλˡҪƱٽնҳá
˶ĵĿĵģ֮󣬸æģһſڰ̾ġ
ҶҸզˣ
̷ԸүүͶϱ°ͬ־ȥιͷӣզˣϱ¡
Ҷһʲôϱ֮ľͻţ±߻飬Ͻȥˡ
߹ȥһ䣬զˣѹ
ǵǣҶͦչҵģѧͦࡣ
Ǹɶأ˴ˡЦҡͷ׼ȥҽѧȥȻǰɼҲɶᣬôõĽԴȻһ㲻ĶҪȡѧ
ҪߣͿԿĸˣöãզ
óеС
񣺡
лҪ˵ҶԲңд̫ˡʮ


102 
, ȻǶǰġڻǸı˲, ɻʱ͵ˡЦĸ첲޵
ɫЩ, ô˵, ûô
ͷ, ԰š
ٺٵЦǸɶö˵֪Ժ󻹻ȥ˵ϯͬ־, ǿԺز˳, û׼
ſԾˣϸǿĸ֪ˣզˣ㲻ҲѧǸåɡ
Ϲ˵, զåأ󻹲У
а׼˭ʵ
ɫ˺, Ҳ֪Լɵ, Բ⡣
ϾҲŮ֪, Ӧ֪Ů֪զġ
˵ͬ־զ

, ͡˼Ŀ
ŵҸɶ˵զ
Ҹ˵ţûŹͷˣ㾹Ȼ⣬۹ܸ߰
˵ʵڵģ㲻ƯҲڣЩͨⶼ¶
ĿǰΪֹɣô֪棬λǺϽӻǸһλˡ
ҪʱƣҲְŮǿˡ
񣬴˼뵽κһ棬вࡣ˵˵զأ
ЦˣҲ۹ðɡ
񣺡
ˣҲˣⲻǾãر˵˵ҪôϱԺܲ
Ҷɣֻ۱ˡôôϲġҳķʽһǰһĳ˵ڻλϱ
öҰɣġģҪǳˣҿ϶á
šһ£ʲô˼ҺðһûҵûԿģɶ

˵ûõġǮǮǮ
ȵզ벻Ǯأ⴦ӦǴ𣿡
һѾ͸ӣ㶼׼ˣ㻹࣬ƭ˭أ
ʱҭסˡ
µò֪ôشˣĪľЩѹѵõһζ˼Լһʱû
Щѹĳһ
ۿƺû뵽Ȼˡһ£㣬ӡһˣܲгϢ
;ܣûšĵ
ϸװġϼţȻ׻ǴĵġܾϲһŮǿ͵ġһĳĲͬ
͵ˣˡҪģҲǲܸ⡣
ģһӾˣ˵Ŀ
˭Ҹءҽڱ˵ڻһɻ֪ˣ˼ҪǶûǸ˼һҲΡȳΪһ͵ˣٱļɹļʾʹˡ
զܳΪһ͵ˣ
سƣڹ⣬ǵŶӽ⡣ɵĺˣⲻ˾ͶˣУ׵ĸıó뷨˼ġʱ̸ԼҪȢϱ͵úúùúøɻ׷ϽΪһ ˼ģгˣټſùȥɹʾһˡ
һ룿һ룿
񷭰ۣһ뻹õģһ㼸ʶûС

Цļ򣬡磬͡úõŬ׷ɡ
Լ˴ЩĵҪǳˣǲǻӰسǣЩ֪ϲسǡ
ֻҪŬسǲףúøɣͳˣԺۺʹеλйϵˣ˵ĸλףʱҰǳפ
ٺٺ٣ҲԡǸͿʼ̵ˡ
ס֮ǰҪӰ˵ĹҪ¶Цݣദˣˡ
˭ˣ˵˴ԼϰҶӵıӽӹúÿϰһЦݡ
һҪŬȻȢؼôܸϱԺӸжð
ϲ뷨ҲûֹֻҪˣå׷ҲǳŮ֮¶
¶Ҳû׼˵һû뷨ǵʱˡ

ڹȥüˣ﹩ˡÿ촦ƽ״̬֮ǰżˡ
͹⼸ĳѾȵ֮ǰµˡ
˹ʵۻˣһδˡûһ˱ԹģΪҲǷ˽
ôһţԺֶһ·Աÿ¶ܶõǮŵĹҲܶüӰѺͽһɾʮ㣬Ͳÿ㣬һ㡣
Ҫǳ﹩㣬ǻ׼ѸҲôϡ
ϧϣҲ׼ù̫ࡣÿɻֹܲˣҲܲˡ
ҪӴģ
ǸˣᣬҲʹ˽顣
ֻгӻڵեͳ˵˾ǸСһѹͲ档
Ժˣװ㲻ͬ͡ҳ˶Ͳ֮⣬Ҫ㻨ͣ͡ռեͳһۺͳԺг֮󣬻ٿӲƷȳôĹģˣռһǧˣİװֵĲѡ
δЩӣء
Ϳեͳͼ׳׬ǮեͳԣˡڶҲ֧եͳķչ
Ҫû˷ԡ
ĳı߰ѡĽˣǿ϶Ҫڽͨλõģ϶ڶˡ
һİų⡣
ռæŸեͳѡַʱ򣬺ũҵҲյǼĹı档
ΪһֱûɹҲһֱû
бȫˣǲŽݱȽϡ
ĽѾˣεƷǳɹġĶˡ
һּĽ
һĶʮôأӵǲɼġ
쵼ǺܸˡΨһĵľǵũ֮󣬲֪١
ũͬ־϶ûϵľϸġ
ִ淢ռ͵ı档
Ҳ£Ͼũܼ¼ɶũͬ־ʶֵĶأдʲô棬ôһסˡ
һũҵũҵоר鸺˵ûũͬ־Ĺģ
һռͼĹġϴΰŵء
ֲҵƵġҲȨӵ¶
ϴΪ飬֮仹˵СŤϹš
һ˰
ռ͵ͬ־ļ¼ʵԱ¼Ķϸһרҵдĺũҵרһġ
ũͬ־ˮƽũͬ־ҪˮƽĲʧҵˣ
ϸ˿ȷʵռͼĹġ
Ŀı棬󿴵ĶĽ
һʮռͺ󰡡
ɲˡ
ⱨдģﻹǷǸտĵġ
ֿĵؿɶǲʵģܹǿǲװ¼ֲķʽǻһء
ˮƽˮƽﰲŵĺáʵʡҲһκ¶ˡ
Ϊ¶ũҵоרĸˣȥֲƵεǸ˵֮ǰˡ
һʱЦҾ˵Ұģôܳء
ﻹǿԼģҿƷֲ֣
Цԣʱǰ͹ȥسгϴҲôŵġ
һߣξȥٻˣ׼ϲҲ˸ˡ
յ칫أͿٻɫҴҵĴӰ칫ҳˡ
ʵΣǸʲôѽ
ٻɫţ˵˾¶͸Ͻˡ
ζʱһĪ
һֱڶ죬ũҵֲ֪ٻǸɶˡ
Ϊϣǹ㲥Ϣˣűˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


103 
űϢһӴ, ϶µ, Ĵġ
ΪܵӰռ, ȻҲٻϱ֪Ϣ
Ϊٻ, ǸίһԱѾˡ
ٻİ˴Ҽҹվǿæˡ
վǿôװģվǿĸ׵ҲڲӴ, ڲҲܹæġ
վǿıԶⲻǰﲻæ¶ǴһССĺܹܵ顣
Ʋϵ㲻ˡ
񵱳ί¶һѶܵӰ죬Ǿ군ˡ
վǿϽѶһ¶ʹ޼ұ־룬Ҫ̫ˡⲻʲô岻, Ҳûá
ʱһӶȥˡ
Ǵ޼ҵĶŮ, ˣżһæţҪ־룬ʱ, Ҳڼٻ
Ϊ¶ֵļֺġ
վǿżˡԼӣСӻûɲ, Ӻò׳ɼҵ, ֳ¶, ҲоľƣˡҲָ׼Ҽôˣֻ¶㱨иʱ䴦顣
ڶ, ϢǴ˺ˡվǿԺﶼ̸¶Ǽұ֮ʱ򣬲վվˡ
ͺ⼸춼ٳţλҲС͵㡣˵Լͽˡ
ٻޣʲô˼ľͲǼ𣿵ĹҲҰָҵġҪȻתҵҲһȥôõĵλ쵼Ǹתҵǻɵģٻ㲻ûİҲǾˣ
ٻԼء
˵ǾҲûȷʵڲġɿүүЩս飬ڲӳѵ֮⣬ûμӹʲôûϹսչˡ֮ؼˣԼİ˴ͬ־˵Ĺϵ˺ǣôӻĥߵ·Ǳ˷ߵģҪˣҲ֪￪ʼˡ
СҲ֪ô졣
޺˱ӣô֪ܲүүҲʶܶ𣿡
үүˣ˵ˣҪǸ¹ġʶҲûôࡣ
ٻץ˰ͷҲţҪүүû߸жá
ҲԮˡ
վڷĶվǿˣҲŴٻ֣ûģˡ
óԵ֮վǿʧ͸ˣıˣ˵ͷβûù
ϱҲûһӣǻá
վЩģ裬ڼӣԺǲǻܵӰ찡
ɩǸί쵼ԺҺ˼ңɲҡ
ԭһ£ڳ¶ô
⻰ſʼˡ
¶ûǣ˻¾ֵˡ۾ˣǰôûأȥ磬Ϊʲôˣҵķ䣬ڳ˻Ҫҡ
վҲЩŤ
Ϊ뿪Ǹ˵ġ
û˺ˡɽˣַˣҲǺڣ
Ҳ뿪ҲأҲᱻ۰ο
ҲЩοҲøˡô찡ֻΪǱ߲ġһ㶼Ϊ롣
վҲơⲻľͲġġҪΪǣ˵ʲôôͼϾϵˣ͸ֱˡ
˼ҵټͥΪˡ
СҪڼͺˡڼʱһ˹Ķð֮󣬼һ첻һˡǰҲĵŰͻȻƸе
վҲأ֪뿪֮󣬰ϵôˣһ˾ͺǰӡ
Ҫǲߣٻһˡ
ġ˰ＯűϢüĴŴ˺칫硣
ռҲǹһ֪Ĵӡ
Ϣ֮ɸˡ
Ϣռ͡
ӴӸɲԱһĺ͹һġ
Ȼûܵġ˰ȺûɶӰ졣Ҳǽнʱ򴫵ݵһЩ顣
öˣԴҲͼһһġСġһĸίץˡ
ںˣЩڱץˣԺҲˡ
ΪܷűڣЩᴵźôģӼ˼һ߸˵ôȹ껹Ҫˡ
Ǹ˵ֱ֣ͷǺͷ
Цʵ磬ɶͷ㿴ɶˣ
Ц֪;úá˾óˡ
ӸɲҲôã˵ãǾ;úЩһˡ
ͺɢһ춼ˡ
ϽǴѧУһ·ܳ񣬸ۿˣһţķˡ
Ҳ͵𰸡
Цŵͷģ쵼Դĵ绰سǱֽ͹㲥ˣȫ֪ˡ⻹Ǽٵģ
Ƕʱݺᡣ
ǵΪɶ磿Ⱥ˰ǲҵҡѧǸ壬ȥٱǣ䵽ز
ðԺҲ˺һˡ
½һǿ̫̫Ҳ̲סĨ
ʲôøˡڸᡣͽ졣
½Цԣ¶ЦٺóԵģҺͣԺһ
ЦҸŪƣ͵ըף
ըףǸ̫ˡ½Ҳǿۿģʡĺܡ
û¶֡ҳԺúȺáüЦҲЩϽڸ˰
Ҳ֪ٹ£ҲҪˣ½뿪ԺҲҲˡ
¶Ƕռ˵˵һ¶ˡ
񻹺Ͷ飬ս֮ӰԺռͷŵӰ֡
Ժÿ¸ŵӰҲҪ֡ḻҵľ
ӸɲԼĶˣˣǴӸɲ
Ҳְܹ
Щ᲻á
ڸ㽨裬ǵǮ۲ʡŵ㻨𣿡մ󱦱Լ˱Ͼ
Ц󱦸磬Ǯ׬ģʡġôĸˣ֪ɶģǲܸŬİɣ۽ЧãǮء
ռ׬Ǯġ˵еӸɲҲеˡ
һӣͿӰôֺֺǡ
Ӱʱճ֮󡣴ҷʳгкˣٷŵӰ
Ȼûʱ򣬿ϢǴˣôи׼
ռ͵˶ûӰˡ
˰ɡ
ǰ絹ǷŹӰǴԶĴҹȥ翴̫࣬վĵضûСҲҪǼȥҲûŹӰˣռ;Ҳûˡ
ﵹеӰԺǺЩũûɶϵӰƱǮԵĺȵġ
ռԼҪŵӰˣռͣǲҪȥλãҲҪ̰ˣ˷ܵĲˣ޲ܿ
һ˵չȫɣҪ˴ˣí㾢ɡϣ㿴Ӱ
һӰͶԴи뷨ˡ
ӰܾǶԼװ㲥ӸÿҲšǶ˽⡣
˵Ϣˣ˼Ҳˣǿˡ
лҪ˵ôôա˵


104 
Աæչ, ӸɲҲͳµַѡˡڴڵĴ·Աߡ
һƬĿյ, Ǹͳ´ࡣ
ֹǳ³, ҲҪطԺΪռʹӵĹҵԺĳӶ߽
ַѡ, ׼ڸѡڵػˣϾػҲܴ
׼רѡڵ, ԱһҪ³ˣ¹֮󣬶Էæˡ
ԱҲɵȻ˵ԼŹϵ󣬿³֮й
ڶɲ磬˭ɵĶ, ˭, Ժ϶Կġ
һר˸ɣ̫¶ˡ³Ҳ㿪
Ҳ˲, ԱΪʲôԭôİæģǱǰ̫ˡ
Ҳ׼ЩԱæ, ӹ֡
ͳͰ⹤, ǷǮ
, Ƕ÷𣿡
ᶨ, Ա֧ǣҲܿǡǶ֯һֱôġ¸ǻǮûǻǮ
һʱļ϶ò˵ģҪһֱּ飬͵һֱϣǿɹ
Ҳʲô˽׵뷨гͻ˶ùӣ˶ܲ˽ġرԱԼӹҲ㸻ԣٰװ׳
ҪһŬһ׬Ǯ
Ǯ¨ӷˣӸɲ͸˵ɶˡ
߸˵ľСӳǷ֪ͨˡ
׸ɻģ㹤ַǮ˻ˡ
Ҽһģ¹ʹĻģһ¹ԾŹ߹ˡ
մ󱦼ôˣЦã㿴ҪǮ
нķãû¶
ʮһѮĵػϸˣػںˣ͵Ÿ㽨ˡ˵㻰ҵӰԺӰԺŷӳԱȥŵӰ
ɲˣһӰҪźü˹ȥôֻ
꿴һӰûһٿǷŲġ
һ˭⻨Ǯ
ӰԺһҲӲλλûؾͽӵˣһǴ氲ŵģΪԼˡȷϲ֪û˼ͳﻹСռͳءͳǮˣԱǷŵӰ
ΪӰԺҲ̨ӳҪȥռͣǻȡϵĵӰǰֹͣƱˡ
﹤°ȥƱ֪ӰԺ类˰ˣӳԱȥ˼ӷŵӰȥˡ
ˣ˼һѵӰƱĶءԳһ䡣
Ǻ糤ӹ￪յĻ顣·Ͼ˵¶
Цռ͵ͦûǮ
糤һЦҴˣһҪȥӰҲѵӰ
˵Щ쵼ˡ
Ǹλ顣
ǸģǰΪί鱻Ӱ죬ǰݡʵ͵˾̨ˡ
ڵһչӡԭΪƵı仯ԸظɲЩӰ죬δұֶ㲻
ҵص칫磬չǰʮɡػڽյʱǵĹͳպˡ˵칫統ɲȷȷʵʵĵģܲ⣬칫ũûеҲһµĳԣι֤һγɹԡԶҺ칫йͨѧϰɲӦûഫھ飬ͬѹá
翴źǺ糤Ц۾гһߵӣﶼЩġ
Ǹ̨ͱ˺칫磬˸źء
һӡͺãԺ϶עġ
쵼ˣԺ͸ˡ
ú칫Ǻʹ̸̸ũûеʹ
˵ũûеȵøл֪ͬ־ǡũûеȾǴ֪ͬ־ģڴӽʵʩ֮ǲе˽ġǸл֪ʶӣҲҪлҰšȻҲøлеǵİṩũûеǻֻҪһʷ֧ʲôòġϴӸزֵոһλȫʡģʡ˺ܴ
ǵͷũûе˾Ҳܲ
ˣҲⰡʡˣͬʱҲ˺ܶáǮũͬ־Ӳãũͬ־Ҫ׬ֹӣɲš
ԣʵũͬ־Ʒ¡
糤ǲ̨Ĳӡ
ЦŵҲҪ˵һˣʡͶҲûšǹռʹΪǵһʹũûеĴӣе̶ȺռʡͶǾͽѧУÿһõʵˡҲˣǮҲ׬ˡҰũͬ־ˮƽⲻǶﻹӰԺȥŵӰԱҸкܸ߰
磺
ü۶չˡͺ칫˵˵еȷʵũͬ־а
ǵ쵼Ĳϣصϰչϸ
ũͬ־ֵأΪֵֻءֵֻزܹ±⡣
ܹũͬ־ϸõǵȻá
ռʹ˵ɵ൱칫ҲҪƹ㣬ȡɵĸá
Цŵ׼ռʹΪģӣѧϰ
ͷǺúøɣɳɼҲصģ硣
Ӷˡ
Ǻ糤̲סЦˡ
ˣ˳ͷ֮ˡռ͸ɵ治

ռӣ˴٣ԱǿӰһ굽ͷģҲôһˡ
ռ͵ǲӰģϾʱ˶࣬϶ûšסϲţŵӰ¶˼Ҳ֪ܱĶȥţˣҲͬѧⲻŷŵӰأһȺµصǾͰŵӴСˡ
ʱ򣬱ĴӸɴżˣռͿѵӰˡ
ռ͵Աǿƣ޲ðԼˣ㴵ţ㴵ţ
Ǻܸ档
ˣ˵ռͺãҪͰ͵ģ˭
˾ˣôһſ
ҲżˣôӰϵĶˣͳԱȥҼһտѻ
ɶ
˰ѹѹһƬǮԴӱ㲥֮󣬾Ϳʼදˣٺ͹ȥɶ¶ࡣ
Լﻹͦ͵۵Ĳ𣬳ͣ۲Ҳ𣿸ǳҲҪǮ׬һһ㡣
Ȼ򣬡ԣ˵̫ˡߣȥһ֧Ǯȥ
եͳĻǸ׳ǵĿС
һҪӣúЦͶһ죬զͲɴأ
һӣ˵̫ˣǳôණҪǾÿ˿϶Ͳˡ۵͵ȵġ

һ֧ǮҲǳ¶֧һǮʡŻͷˣǮÿ۹ˡ
İɡ
ڰ֡
ն¶Ǿ͸ȥʳýʳ泴ӡ
Ӱʼʱ̯Ӿ֧ˡ
ӻͿˮȡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


105 
Щ˴ԶĹ, ûˮûԵ, ռʹӻԵ, Ҳ, ͼǮһݣܺˮ, Ҳ
ϾҲǾ⼸ҲôһءԼҴĶ϶㡣ԵľôһоһΧ
˻١Ŷء
ŶͿ֧̯ˣֵĲˣզ̯, ǷżٿӰ, ǻ⣿
ǿӰ㣬ɶʱȥͿˣⲻ׬ǮĻ𣿳Ǯ, ۶׬Ǯһ¡
üԼҸܸ, Ȼ˵ǴĿĵ, ˼ⲻҲҵܶĿ, ֵùɵúãȡ׬, ͷǷ𡣡
ַ𰡣쵼Ͳ˰ɡ
ģǲҪСǳĹءЦǮҲ֧ǵ⡣
˵ҪǮҲֵɶԼ˸ɶǮ
óһһߣǵĹءǮԼĻӾȥТ˳үүˡ
Ҫ˵˵Ļ˺ӡ
̱ǹһΧţڵһšϵЦݾû¹
ͳԵĹҲСԼϽǺһԡ
ۼТ˳̽
Ա߼λ̫̫ҲЦСؼܸأûӰˣۿˡ
ȹۻ۵ʱſ졣
ã̫̫Ƕˡ
׼ʹһ𿴵ӰأͱСҹˡСɫææģΪɶ¶أʵզˣ
Ǻ糤ˡ
ӴιλҲѵӰˡ
ϽƣȥӭӺǺ糤
λ쵼Ҳæһˣȥ￪ᣬһֻع翪ᣬæŹӰġ
ȻӰҲҪĿģҪĻǹ֣Աһ֣Ǻռ͵ͬ־֪ͨҪ顣
ҲûǰȥԱλáڽռʹӵĸɲǿһĻ
ռ֯ĺܲûס糤꿴ӰмƢΪλôܡ
ЦŵҲû뵽ôˣˣ۾ͻλãøӵɲԼ˹ãΪλڡ
Ҳǵռ͵ĸɲԽĽˡ
ͬ־ˣһ𿪸ᡣǽͲӰˡ
쵼ˣ˭˵
ȻȷʵҲ뿴
ܿ죬͸Сܹˡ
û˵Цſһ䣬ɵĲ
Ȼռ͵ĸɲһȥᡣ
ҾѧУ棬ѧУΪҪҹΣҲװ˵ƵġҲ˸λ¡
Ҳû׼ɶԵĺȵ֮ģǿߵǺ̸̸￪鱾׼쿪˵ģ˾ǰ˵ˡ
ֱˣͿɶָʾ
ЦſһȦˣýţǺ¶Ϊũûеǹ磬Ҫѧϰ
⻰ռ͵ĴӸɲǶ¶Цݡ
ũûеǵһõġ
Цռ˺õİ硣ԣ繫Ҳˣ齫ǴӶΪģӡ
Ӹɲ׿˵Ϣɵˡ
ʿˮ飬ǣģˣ
ԣģӡǽȷʵɵĺã֡
ӴӵĸɲǶֵЦݶﲻסˣ࿴ɵ֡
ģӣ˵дɵõİ
Ǻ칫Ķһݶ
˵ϢˣɵĺҲиˣҪ֡Ǻ칫磬ռͣҲǺܹעġ
Ӹɲ̬
һúøɣɵĸá
۶ɣӸɻ

ǵͷֵи֪ͨǣǹͬ־ĵġ
һ¶Ӹɲֽˡ
ԹԣӸɲ˵İɡҪһģӵĳƺŰߣ
ǲ粻Ҫⶫ
Ҳˣ
ûɶ뷨ŵĲãǽھܾ
ռһĶֵأʱ׼ߡŸտʼأզأ
ͬ־Ƕ֪ġɻ̤ʵ۹ܳԶһλܲͬ־
ӸɲͷĺãҶĿõġû˵á
Ҹռ͵ʣĸӸɲãԾ
ͬ־ҾռʹӵӣǺܷĵġ
ɶ˼ӣ
Ҷ
Ҳ㲻ͬˣ۾һǡ
ҲЦЦԾ繲ͬǣͬ־Ϊռӣǡ

һ󰲾
ûüϢ
ɶְλУȥ統ɲܣûᵱǡ
ϾһˣҲûôǣһŮǰ
񣺡ǣ˵ģ˵ʵڵģԼûš
ǵͬ־Լûˣ
վҡͷȻǣҺġֻǾúͻȻҲܲ칫ҵΡ
糤ЦЦǻΪɵúá
ǻ׼ͬ־Ҳһλ̤̤ʵʵĺͬ־Ҳ֪ɵĳɼҲϴӳλãϤݹǾԶĥһʱ䡣ϣԺͬ־Ϲ
˵ǣһúĹҾͦʵġǴңҲ̤ʵģ۴Ҷ֧ġ
˰֮ǰȻһֱ⣬ʵҲ̤ʵϾǶӳǲͷɻܾöԲԼλáںˣ񵱴ˣ涥ˣҲżˡ
ӦǺ糤Ҳ൱˵ġ
˵ûˡͬ־ƷǹصġȱٵĻǾԼʶţԺ϶Ҳɳġ
ʽ֪ͨ·ˣԼҲԱͬ־˵˵ȻʱҲҪӲĹͬͶƱġͬ־úúøɰôʧ
Цݣһ棬֤ʹӵΣһռ͵Աͬ־ǹԽԽá
ͷơӸɲҲѾӦˣҲˡ
ȻСѾôˡ
ôã˭ϣӳû⡣
Ϊ˲ŴӰϢҲû
ֻϵӰ֮ռڲ˵Ϣ
ռ˶ˡ
ر̣Ӱ͸ˣôõϢˣֵᶼҪˡ
ŮǴǣǴӳۼҶǴɲˡ
үүʱȥɽԼڱϲ
񣺡
°вҲˡ
ȻѹһͷˣɾǸŲŸءԼ˵쵼ܱѹһͷõġ
ôˣԼɶǿģһˣҲЩ
Ҷ˷ܵı񣬡ѽӵˣҸӳ̨ҲӲˡԺǲڴӺˡ
߶С㿴˭㡣
Ҷ
ڶռʹӵԱǻڻζϿĵӰ̸ŵӰأʽļ͹ˡ
ΪռʹӵĴǡ
滹˺칫Ĺ¡
ļֹˣСӵĶӳҲϹʱʹϢ
ϢһռͶը˻һ֡
ռʹӵĴˣʮǣһλŮǣ
лҪ˵ôôգ


106 
Ȼ֮ǰѡӳʱ, Ҳѡ, ʱһ˸Ц, Ȥ
ûܵӳ
, ûΪ֮ǰȷʵû
˵ˣǸŮء
ŮܶĿںǺ, ˵Ҳڶϰˡ
Աûһ죬ռӵĵ˻һŮޣһСŮޡ
Ҳûɶ
ĶãĿáռ͵ĸıж󣬴ҲᣬɵӲŻȥ¶ء
Ȼϰ, ɶĸҲȲ񰡡
ҹ쵼ѡ, ǻиıģ
Ҽһ۵ֵģռȥϲ
͵ĶǶûգ˵˵ˣһһߡ
̵ЩϽҲϲ, ̵˵Ļ
磬ûһŮǰɡ
ŮǣӴӳ, е, ˵Ҳ, ˵칫ˣҿҲڶ
ǻǵ, ۾ǾǺáŮ޵ģܴռͷչĺã۾
̵ҼǣǣҸˡΪɶȻΪŮ˰˵ռŮ˵ңԺŮ˵ˡ˭Ҹ۸Ůͬ־ȥǼȥ
⻰ϲ̫̫ǺϱǸ˵ֺǺǵЦ
Ǿ˵еռӶŮ˵ˣЩҪٸڼ۸Ůˣôǡ
˴Ȥ˵̰⻹۸үүɶʱ򲻱ˣ˭֪Ǽĵҵģ
һȺ̫̫Цһš
үүвļ״ϽŲ豭ȥˡ
ΪεǣҲںͶɲǿᡣ
ǰһߵģ˳λˡ
ϡ
οᣬҪǹӿ¶Ͼ̨Ҫʹ档¹ϲʶҪߵġ
ھզ˵
Ĳ˵˵¶ͳˡ
ӸɲǶ
ͰԼļƻ˵ˣһեͳ³й¶ǴҶ֪ġҲû˵ɶ
ڶǸǷӵ顣
֮ǰҲǴӸɲǻǵһ
ķҪʼ¸ˡҲס޻ˣķӣ©ˮ滹ʪססҸ̫ˡ
ΣҲòǷӵǮɡ
ȻҼһдΪûּңһСһǮˣԲǮǮóǵķҲһСס
˵˵Ҫ֧ǸǷӣֲֹ֧ΪϣҲڽǮ档
ɶǮӸɲǶˡ
ɲһС¶ǷСĿ
մ󱦶Ҫˣ񡭡ǰȻ¹ΣҲ̫˰ɡ
Ц۹ôãǻ¹ѻˣôӵĹԼ
ˣ֮ǰǣͺ˵¶ˡ
Ӹɲû˵
λͬ־ǣǵǮզ𣿡
¶մģǶǵڶӵĶ𰡡
ûءֻһ֡
˵ˣǮũͬ־Ǿ˷ѡǸǷӣҲǲһӾ͵óǮש߳ȫשǷڸǺһˡǮǿԴԱͬ־ɶأեͻոϣ۰ǿ׬ǮһԱǵģһ֣ǲԱġ׬ˣǿˣ
ⶼǰﵱ˵˵ģ˼ҷزõóôǮ¥̰ȸǺ׬Ǯ֮ٽ˵ġҲ˽⵽ʲôڷ֮ġǲǮٽ
ֻͷز˵ڣΪ׬ǮռȷʵʵʵΪϰס·Ŭó׬Ա
ȻӸɲǲɶڷҲδز˵ĸֲ
ǹļƻĿɿڴˡ
ôһ㣬һǮû׵˻ϰշҲ˰
˴һȦᶨǸǷӣյĿģǷչռͣԱҸԶöǮҪҪǺõġ
մ̴˺ü£Ķڶ˶ǷҪٿשɣҪǴԱնǮ
ܸǷӣǮǷӵģ϶ƽʱŬǮ˼ҡҲ𵽼ãöǿռҵıˣҲҪȸͶġ˵ⷿǸǣǲǣ
ǣȻǣ̬
û³⣬֧Щռͷչ¶岻ݴǵġ
ӸɲҲǻȵġ
ҪܰɣռͷչҪ
Ҽһס·ˣ;̹
¶ȫþʲôҵ۾ͨˡ
ֻҪԱԸóǮǷӵ¶ܰ죡
磬Ͱ̨ӴˣʹڶĴȳȻ֪ͨǸҸĻִֵĻ˭ҲٵĶˡ
˾װǰһ컨ϲġ
˿̨ˣĿ⾼ģ뿴զԵġ
ó˴ӹĴŴӵĹ㲥ҪҪȻ˵ܰѺˡ
Ȼſʼˡ
λǣ۴ҶˣʶҡզˣҲˡҵȸлˣлǶҵ֧֣ռ͵ĸ
ûдҹͬŬ߲Ͻ̨ӡֵػڳɻѧУ飬벻ռӵÿˡҽҪ˵Ҫһ仰Ǹлҡ
һУЩȻ񵱶ӳģͬʱҲǴҵĳɾ͡
ﶼ˲С
ڶķչƻҲ˵ˣ˵ʵʵģ㣬һǳϾҪש³йƻжʮˡʮȫѧϰĽްˡ
һҪжʮˣʱϲرǼ˲μӽްġ
ռ͵ˣϾ˶μӽްˡ˵Ҷлйѽ
һȼˡ
ֵڶǹڸǷӵļƻҲӳ֮ǰӦҵġҺһĿꡣȿָ֧꣬ҸǷˡ֧֣ǵ˵˵ʵʵڵʽǷ֮ܶһ
˵˭ҪǸһӻ٣۶һ٣൱ӣֻ١
⻰˶ʱˡ
ԱǷӣǮһĲ٣Ҫĸש߷Ҫٰɣǵ΢ģǵٶܣܻҪࡣ
ôǮ
֪ҿܵĶǲҪġںǰһˣͳֻҪǺúøɣһֱ׬Ǯ׬ǮܸǷӣ·ֻҪζͲṼǣ
˵֮涼ʼֺˡϲġ
¹ǮûǮģʱܸܲǷӵģΪ߶ˡɲǹ˵׻ҪóǮ¶˼١
ôҿеᵽһ﷢չãǴҾͶܺá
һݽ˸Ƿ۴ˡ
ֱɢᣬôɶľȥʴӸɲǡҲȥСŸҵĻȥѧУ￪ͳɡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


107 
, ռʹӼҼһ˯, ᲻õ, ҲҪú͵Ʒ, ȻһСһ𿪴ᡣ
ӿǴ¶զ, ǶҪһһġ
Ҳڼʹᡣ
¶ģ֮ǰҲûͼԶռ˵ҲǺͻȻ顣
ΪӳʹǼⷿӵȻˡ޾ͶԲԼҴӸɲݡ
̺үүôġû˼ҵǮɶأ
ǵ˵ԼүүĴ, ЩͰ͵Ĺ, ʱʱТ˳ҲʮǮķҲҲǮˡ
˵֮, вóǮ
һ˵Ĵ¶ҪٲҴţȥ˯ȥ
вģ
°첻˵, , ⻹û˵, Ͳܺͺ˵ôŴ̶
̵Ҳ£ֺǰһѹһͷ
°졣
ܵ, ҲǿԼı£̫̫ˣڿŮˣܴǵ¶ء
ֱӵҺвЩΪҲûǮ
̵ˣˣһӵĹֶءôզҲеǮɡ
°ĵԼ˵˵ԼףǮⲻü˸в
̫̫
ȿȣȻףҲó˸һʮǮȫóһֲʣ
ɵҺҲ˵㣬ʮࡣ
°һӻô˽Ǯһû
ҲЩ飬Լ֪ϱǮզġ
ɶҲǸǮûðʮٰɡ˵ҶҶӣö٣
Ҷ۴ңһŮӣҲҪǮ𣿡
Բð̵ϽҸżҼ޳ȥˣסķˡǮˣԺɶʱܻסûܸߡɵɵ
ãҲûٰͰ͵Ҳʹʮˡ
˽Ǯһҵģȫˡ
۵ޡ
١˵ʵڵģʹǮһֱûɶǮĻᡣ·ʹǰľ·ԷҲռһԣżȥҲ㾭¶һֱйãÿҲǮԴ١
һ֣ǺǱ߼Ĺġ
һͲˣҪĳǮ
̣ǷģͻȻûǵ֮ģǮҷˡܲ˰ɣ͵Ǹˡ
вĵ԰裬ҲܺǮȥ
Ǹͷ
вļһ
ðɣֲүү̵ĴɶҰֵǮ͸öõ㡣
үү˿̣˵Ļǲģ⵱ģ˾ˡԺҲˡ
ŴӦˡԺĵûˡ
һӴ˺ü٣ⷿӾܺúù滮ˡ
ռһǲ׼ּҵģò׺ļңզܷءҪסһӦġ
ⷿӵýһֿǵԺҪ飬ԺܻҪּҡԿǵıȽ϶ࡣ
뷨ǿ̫ˣھⷿӿҪסʮ꣬ʵϰδķչ仯ⷿӿҲסʮ͵û¥ˡ
ȷʵҲҪȫ㡣
ԼҲּңļﲻּҡ
һϱҪŵģʱսķô֣
ⷿӻҪúù滮סҲҪԺּҡ
ڶټӸɲǿᡣ
ӸɲϱԱ׷һϣźȦǶͦ˷ܡ
񽲻ʱǶšµʱԱʵʱ򣬴𲻳
ⷿӰ׼ĽӹʦƷͣʺ۶˵ģϹǡʱÿʵã˷Ǯ
ЦŵǷӻ﹤ʦũ巿ӣǲСˡ
͵Сһרҵ¶רҵɣҲ˶ǮҲǶԱ𣬶ҲôĻᣬһǴӣ

ӸɲǶЦ
ӸɲָԷֹռ·С飬鳤񣬸鳤ԱСմ󱦡
һǹˣһǹƽʱЭġ
ţ˾֪ҪСˡ
СǶǷԱȻǸе˵ȨĻûٸʵµĻᡣ
μˣǾͲһˡ
Ϊεûɶ뷨ֿܲģܹĸɲǣСӳǾͶĽˡ
СԼҲúܡ
Աźˣ֪ͨӵԱǿԿʼǮˡȰǮͳƶټҪǷӵģȥ͹̸ש¶
ԱǸϽץʱǮˡ
ռ͸Ƿӵ¶ϽҲ֪ˡ
һֱԼûɶ׵ŽڸϽ 
Žڸ߸ݣͷףϻƽʱҲ˵ϲддĿǰڽѧУѧ
ȻʵѧģͬʱҲѧ˳й滮
ÿеĽ裬Ҫǰ滮ġŽ
Ҫǹ滮ӣ
ŽڵûʵũҲҪ滮ģֻй滮ˣԺķչ
־ũ壬ȻҲ֪Ҫ滮ô滮һӡ
̫רҵˣָֻţҲҲũ滮˲ţָֻԺʱչˣ´δٽʱ򣬴רҵʿû뵽˲Ű
˵ˣЩϽǶǱذ
˵ʦǴӸզ滮
Žһ࣬ҵ֪δĴŷչ滮ֲ칫ⶼҪͨδչƻ滮
̫ˡƻУҴȥ˽һ¡
رԼɶмƻġ
ŽڶһȦ˵Լķչ뷨
˵ԺҪרŵֲֲ֧եͳեͳչģŻж󡣻гեͳ֮⣬ҪظǱĳӡ
Ž֮ﾪȣֺܸпû뵽ҲܴɲסҲпܡҪܷչϰĿɲȳ
зӣ۲ľ׬ǮıԺɶҲҪŪɶ
Žڼ㿴һ죬ģʱ䣬Ҿܰѹ滮ͼôˣﶼ˽⣬ûġ
Žڵļ룬⽨ļƻҪһˡ
뷿ӿ϶ԭլػˡ
ΪڴӵķӾǸǵģһһġ
Ҷ˸ɲǿ¶
¶еѶȣԱϵطסˡ
Ըһٶಹʮ顣Ǿ񲹳ɡծ಻ˡҲ൱ڲǨˣҪǰǰ㣬ǲǮɲֹЩҲԱǨ£һֻ֪ס·Ǻ¶

մ󱦿˿ȣҪᰡ
ᣬҪȻԺĳӽӣ·㡣óᣬѶ·Ҳܹ滮һ£զҲҪһ·ͨ˭֪ɶʱӾ͵ýأʱܲܲǲǣլǷӣǷӶò𣬵ʱ·ӵʱҲûطסڱĵطǷӣ·ţϷӽסš
Զ﷢չãҵȻö࿼ˡ
ǹ滮ԺҪĶͦġǵúúù滮
ƽʱ˼빤ģǾȺԱ˵˵ǵķӦ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


108 
˼빤, ͽӸɲ, Ƿ, Щ˼ҡ
Ա˵ʱҲֻ˵ɶֽ֧֮ġԱĿǰûôԶĿ͸, վԱĽǶ˵
˵Ƕ￼ǵ˸·ڼ̫ˣҵض˵ԺǱ߷չ, סǱ߽Ժˡ
ﻹǮء
˵ɶҲʧͶʮǮǲǰ׸ģ
ɲͳһ˿ھȥԸСӿᡣ
ҸĻΪǷҪǷӼأֳµĹ涨ˡ
һҪ, ԱǶͦż
رˡŵĵػء
ӸɲǾȰ, ϵĵػǲҲǰֵռҲǼǰŰأǲ˵Ͱˣ۶եͳǻǿĵض, ǳ˳ΪҺáҪǷӣסﰡסﳵӶשô, һı, ҲɻˣҪ, ʮ㲻ҪˣӳǼﶼͬأŸɲߣܳԿ
Ȼ, ʵүүҲǲģΪԼӺŮҲֻҧˡռҲԱŲһŲŲĻõطء
Ųط¶һ˺ü죬Ƕˡ
ջʮǮĲջžŲλãס·ʡ²Ǯӹ̫ˣסĵط©©ģǵɶ׷Ҳû׷ˡôռأֲȥ˲ʶĵط뵱Ϊֱ֧ĵطĽ裬ӸҲ˺Щ˼أ˼뿪ϼˡôһȽϣԼɶ
Щ˾ͬˣ˴ͷͲˡ¹費ҪǷӵģͬǩְӡˡ
ŽڵĹ滮ͼҲˡ
֮ǰṩĹ滮ϢŽһռͻ˼ֲֳסլҽҵ
ÿ֮䶼ͬһͨġ
סլŽھͻ˺ܶ˼סլֲҲ滮ˣÿÿǰһ·ͨǵũͬ־ϲֶ滮˺Ժ
ôһ滮ԭҲסլԵôˡ
סլͼֽ鲻Խĸпũ尡
ҲԼĹֻƽС󷿣رˮأװƯС·ơźÿĻݲݡ
Щڵ˵ôľ밡
Ĺ滮ˣ͵ȥ㶨ש¶ˡ
⻹֮һ㱨
μˣЦϲ
Цŵɱǧôңզϰء
εžϰˡˣ㵳ѽˡ
񣺡
ͷ뵳ԤѾȡģ֯׼ǵԱˡ
Ҫǣ˻һˣ֯ϾֱӸˡ
˵֤飬ͺ̸¶ˡ
Ϊһǣ㲻ȥҺǻ㱨̸
㲻ǹש߳¶ú̸òС
˵ש߳λͦˣͳǸ֮ЩλשˡǶһ롣
ξЦôָЧˣ
һЦͷ˵ˣʹЧˡŰɣש߳ǲУǿԼˡⲻҾͺǶԱ·ˡҶܻ롣ҹͶש̸߳שءҪǸ۹һĻûˡ
ɶȵȣո˵ɶ´ɱӶˤˡ
һһǴҪ·ɷ·

ԣ
ν´ɱһţ㲻ƭҵİɣǶԱôһεҳǷչıȽϲǡʱҲԱӦҲûôǮɡ
ǰǮ϶Ǵӳе֮һķá

òȱˣ֪ǶǮռ˵Ҳٶ໧ɡ
ͳƹˣЩշʣٰʮ˻ԺܻὨ跿ӵҲֻʮ඼ǹ¹ˣǲ·ӣͷ޵ס
֪ûǮõó𣿡
Цⲻҹש߸˵㡣
μҾٱˣҲճɱ۰ɣҲٰһһľһ٣Ҳ飬ǶǮ𣿡
ͷУ۶ⲻгһֱҪ׬ġҵ˼ģ۷޺֮ÿ׺ǽһΣвУ
μ֣㼤ĶҪˣһһΣǾõóǮ
ȻܣǡƻҲ˵Ͼɣÿɶپɶ١ﶼˣûɶѹ
֪Ǿˡ
ֱӵ˵ͼɶյ͸Լô¶
˵ʵڵģͬ־ģһӸɲˡ
Ӧ˵ĿǰΪֹĸɲˣ쵼ôɰɡ
ЦͼҹĺáҪȻҵǲ׵𣿡
аɣû⣬ȥͺ˵ͬˣҶ˵θɴ¶Ƹˡ
վУ仰ûˡ
ǺεķӦһģȵĲ趼ˡ
Ҫ˵¶ðѲ豭˼ԴȥⲻǺ
ôɼˣûӲ豭
ˣӸɲǶģ
ģʮġˣΪҶҪǷӣԼҼһæʡ½˵ķãȻשԼյģɱ϶͡һһΣһʱ׬ǮǺа 
ϵǣռչƻȷԱҸУǵĻԣǲܹչռҲԸһʯͷӵˣģá
Ҳϵҵ¶׶۹絽ʱûǮǵġ
˼ǸԼš
Ц۲ҪֻҪש޸á
ǳһаɣȥ˵˵ô졣Ȼǲӱ̫һα̫෿ӡ
Ӧˣ˲ѣģһʯͷߣȡˤһ
Լש߳ǾͺðˣҲӣǵʱĶשʹǷͺá
ˣξȥҺǣǣ˵ռܰ𣿡
̾˵ˣﶼء֮ǰ̫ᣬ㿴˾ʢɣʲô룬ʲô
˵Цˣ԰ɣҲȱˡЩש顭Ժɡ
Լѡĸɲզأǵöţ
שͲõˡ
ｨӵĹʦҲ롣ռ͵ͳЩλ·Ӷͨˡ
ˮҲҪˣⷿĥҲסʮˣԺչˣҪġ
ǵǰСʱũǷӺö˼Ҳء
ˮ̫ˣɱ̫ˡ
빤ʦũ¶ͦġ
ôǵһũͬ־Ʒӡ
һʲ֪ԭǺ칫ռ͵ġ˼Ǯũͬ־·
Ϣһʱ仹ΪسǵĲ෹̸ʡ
ҲϢˣʱҲЦŵϲֺʵôǮ
ɰɡʵⲻҪǰեͻǮ˰ɣҪͻˣ
ǵǣҾʣⲻǺ𣿡ЦŵҲǸˡ
ĿڣǾͺã˵һ׼Ƕեͻء
ͰɡˣҲջسɱһֱǷġ
ʮеȻǣֽ֧۲ǮˣǷծ
Ҳ˿Цڿ治һˡ
ǴҵŬĲչʾԼĵֵ֮ˣĻܲŲһǣ
Ǻˣ
׼ҵⲻҪˡܲԶ
ǡǮ𣿻ɲһ
аҪȻǸǷӸɶȻ֮ǰ׬ǮǷˣҲˣ׬ǮٶȻеģҪȻҲôĸǷǲǣ

Ҳ˵ˣһã⳵۾ɺļֵ棬һǮ
治ˡ
жǮܼܲɣǼũǷӶˡҪһΪԱ⳵µĶˡǵʱǮȥ³ãܱȳӳױ֮úá˵ʵڵģұ乫˾ģ⳵Ҳ㡣Ҿú죬߶õ飬ۻ˺á
Ҳڴ̡
ɳҲУϾеͻҲмҲȽϾԶˡʮˡ
޲Ŀ϶üġ
Ҫܻµġ
ɶʱܻǮ
˵׼ϾڽӣĻһ꣬Ļꡣ

ɣҪǳˣǸϢ
զУǲɾ𣿡
Ϣɣʱǰ˹գ㳧ѵѣզ
ǵҵúͳ˵˵Ҫͷ绰ϵ
һ⻰Ҳ˵ˬľˡ
ʵڲУ乫˾⳵
ǳ϶Ҫеġ
֮󣬵гȥܹѲƷǮ
Ǯ˲ܻծ
лҪ˵ôôգ˼ҶдһЩʱˡ


109 
æ, ռʹӵͬ־ҲûšŽһ, ѽӵĵػŵλʯҸע, ӸɲŵǼЩ˼Ҫ, ȰǮˡ
Ϊ붬ˣĻҲû, ԱǾ࣬ʱ֡ŶôʽЩҲԥǷǷӵҲҡˡ
֮󣬾ͺʹӵͬ־˸ᡣ˽һ¸Ĺȡ
һӵػѾһˣڿԿʼڵػˡǿԱڱ߸ǡ
մ󱦵, Ŀǰʮ˼ҵǮЩ˻õȼ˲ܴǮ
, ǽһ֣ڸǷӵʱٲҲС˵ҪȷеϢܶש飬ҪȻʱ򶨺ˣֲ, ӰĹ
մ󱦾ͼˡ
СЩ˼Ϊ˸Ƿӵ¶ּң˵ÿÿܶõ㲹
, Ƿ֡ʵһ, ǴҪ, ﲹ١СҪ٣ﲻҲһ
˽֮Ҳ˵ԼĹȡĿǰש߳Ѿ̸, שǮ׽һΡĹʦҲˣͰסţ˽⵱ϰս
ְѺͻе˵򳵵¶Ҳ˵ˡ
Ǹɶ۶ȷʵҪˣһ¶׼ڶѡصȥѧеõλƼͨȥѧҲûˣǱѧ
ЩģôǮۻ𣿡
ֻҪ࿪ԴͲǷծҪǵǮ򳵣ɶʱ׬Ǯ
ǻˡ
ӸɲԼҲҪǲôɣɶûеġ
Ҫʼ³ˣ·裬ⶼ벻ӡ׼ԼĴһˣרž͸¶ҲҪ࣬ڵһǷӵ˼ˣÿһˡⲿˣ˹֮⣬ÿٲǮƽʱũеʱ򻹿԰˵СũæʱЩˡɶҪץ
СЦûǷӵֵˡǸӲֹвйˡ
ҲЦЦ۾Ҫ׷ǷǳӿɲֻһˣҪ˵Ļԡ
һﶼЩѹ־Щڴۿæ
ȫӵԱǿ˸ᣬҲν¶ơ
ϾǴ¶ֵԽԼá
ҪǷӵԱһϾڵػˣ˵Ĳˡ
رҪӸǷӵ˼ѡ֮󣬸˷ܵĲˡǮǷӣͿ˻ˣǲǮʱ򣬴͸Ǯˡ
ǸǸӺ
ûǷӵľЩˣҲЩˡ
оûǷӣʧ̫ˡ
ԴӶ㽨Ӳ¶֮󣬼ҼһûвǷӵġ
±ûĵģŹǼٿĲòҧ뷨׬ǮǷˡ
ڿ׬ǮĻˣˡ׼ȥʴӸɲǣڽǮüԺٲء
˵Ϣֵ֮۶ļƻϣÿÿǷӣҪ´ûǮǷģսҲøǰѷӸǺá
Աж
ǺøɲǺôӡ
ŴҵڸǷҲŵˡҪש鲻٣ʱ϶۶·ɲУϴеͻߵĶҪˡש鵽ʱˣʧľԼשˡũеʱϣҸĳǵ·¸ƽˣݵظƽˡȲĵطҲΪǽ·˳ҲۼҲǷӣȥǱ֤һӲǷӣҪȻô۾ء
ΪԼ޷ȥ·ûܾ¶
ӵԱǶעġ
رͷֵǮĶ˭ҲΪʡԺ˿Ц
ʹǮǷӣҾʹһʹ·úýòð
ﶼΪԱǮˣԱǻ᲻ǵ
ڿԱǾʹͷˣã
ô㲻ļͥ˴ӦҲû˵Ļ
ԼԺҲҪӵģô˶ȥԼҵʱȥҲС
·¶Ҳ˳Ű޷ӵгˡ
Ҳָﶼܹһ󲿷˳ȥ·Ҳˣ·ҲޡֲǸɶˮ֮ġʵһ¶ѡ
ˮ໹޲ԺʯͷӡҲ̲ҪûǮ
С磬·¶㶢šȻû˵Ҫǹ֣㻹Ǽһ¡Ժ۶ˣҲܹЩͿɵˡĲ˵Ժй϶ȴЩС
Сһ˼ˣУһ¼õġЩǶ۶ɲ۾Ϲ
Цô¡
ҪŴһͬԣǲÿ˶һġڷܿɿϹ׵ģʹһ⡣ֻռ˵ģ͸ȵҲ˿ӲǻģǸɳġ
ڶ죬ռʹӾæµˡ
Ϊ˶Ҫôѡܿ͵λˡ֮ǰԤƵҪ֮࣬һ˼˸ǷӼƻ档ѡоʮˡ
Ǽܸɻ׳
ⲿʱҲǷӣȸեͳϾӵķӻõȳĹʦ֪֮Ҫɶġ
ǳĵػԿʼ ӣһŹ߳ˡ
·¶С
СҲһʹģټ·ȥùߡ
֮˻ͦࡣ׼ǷӵЩ˼ҶˣҼһҲ٣ͶЩ˺ܸɻģҲϣ·Ͻ޺ãѼ·
ռſڣвĻ׼³أͱһɨˣŸɶأȥ·ȥɵɵ
вĵңҺôҲǶӳİ֣ǵĶء
Ǿ͸ȥˣȥͷȥɨŻ㲻ȥҳ㡣תͷֺ°вļҵģҲܹˣҸϺȣһ˳
°ʹ׼ˣ⻰ͺǺǵ׶ӣ㲻۾С
̵ֻ֪Ҽ񣬱Ҳܡ
Ϊ˵вģ
°ӣͷһۣŸɶأϽߣ¶Ҳ㣡
вĸϽƨƨߵˡɲզôˡ˭ܳ
˵ӵĵСĹİ
еԼɶ˳ԿˣӶˣûɶ뷨ˡ
˼ҴӳǼҵ˶ˣǻ˵ɶ
ÿˣСǩ˸֡һû©
¼֮ҲŹ߸Ŵһɻ߹ң۶㣬ˣס·ӡ·ΪԼ޵ǲǣ۶˽ǵΪˣܿǡ˭ɵĺòãǿء
⻰Цˡ
ҪҲôĸɻ
Ҫǻǰиˣǿ϶Ҳġ
ͲһˣΪҺðӹŵûĸɲ˵ԸũǰǷӵģôࡣˡ
Ҹôˣһܲ
˵ˣûвҲӸɻɱ˭
вĵֵܴȤ󺰵вİɻļƣθǷӲСɡ
вģ
лҪ˵˵ôôա


110 
Ҳû, һͰȥƷӵĹʦˡ
⹤ʦרŸһЩλƵġ¥Ҳ, οЩƽˡ
Ϊһ, ԼĻǺܾ񡣽һ·糾͡
ʦ
ȵռʹ, ̹㣬Ȼһ·Ϳռֵĸ㽨, ġطĳһ
½½ĿʼЪ˰ɣ⼸ũҲٸˡ
ʦֹţѹռǮǷӣ⹤ԣŬľͷԣҲѰ
ԽӴ, Žںʶ
Ҳû˵ŽǳϾˡϾίᶼûءֻ˵ѧУʦ, ҲǸ滮޷ĸˡ
ʦţһũСѧʦԼԼ˵Ļ
Ҳô, ЦŵҾͲǵĹˣɶ¶ڴӲ, ÿ̨ˡ
ôǮµ, ʦܵЦŵͷ, ȥæ
ûشӲǿһ³ڵػҶҵͦػҲ, һҲˡ
ʱ·Ҳܸˣܰһ𽨳
ѧУСҲҪôʱ䣬Ӧþ
깤֮եͳ۲ſᡣ
եͳ飬ʱšϾĿǰ³ûɣ˲Żû׼³ˣͰһصĺһ֪һӣʱ򲻹֪زسǣûɶӰ졣
ȴҶ֮͵ڶҲˣӾˣµĻҲˡҪľǿԴ۲ŵĹҪ
ȷʵѹ
Ϊ³ҪˣȱǮ¶Ҳ˵ġ
ǣҪˣҽҲλƱˡ
ͷԼҵ죬Լš
ֵ﹫Ҳһܣһ£ũͬ־ȻʡӦҲɡ
Цŵͷԡ
Цһۡ
ľ˾֣Ҳи뷨
˵
͵͵˵𣿡
Цˣ
ȿȣȺ˵˵úãٺ˵ɡ
״Цŵȳȥһ¹ƻ
ȻԱȥ
˳ȥˣ͵ɶ뷨ú˵ģԽ֪á
ǲǲ˵𣿡Ҳͦģ¶ҲҺͱ˵
һ£ʲô¶
񻹲ĵܿ˿ȻС֪ĺ𣿡
ͷûȥֻ֪ϰԼ͵͵öȥһг
ȥˣ
˿ȣǰóģȥҾ֪Щˡ۲ҾǱҲǸг͵͵ȥӴһ¡·ĿɱǰҪأ
ҲǸŷ֮ܶʵ֪ôˣںйҲԽĿˡ
С֪ǻͦ·ӣֹ⣬ȥĳ⣬Լĳˡ
ʱԼ̫ʧˣư죬ûأ˼Һ͸㵽ˡ˼Ǯ
ԣ㵽Ҫ˵ɶ
˿֪۳֮󣬾˵ǳͣǮ۸ɡҲҪ䣬Լ䡣
񣺡ɿ𣿡
ɿ˵۲Ƿģ˵һָǮһûǸеľ㱻ץˣҲ˵ǵģǹءҪȻԺ˭ҺǸеĺӰͬгԷ·ӣԼҲù
ǧذת
ţȻĸʱȱ˰Ǹĸ￪֮׬Ǯġ
ȻҲС
ǳɹ֮ȷʵҲ׬ˡ
ΪɲȻ˵¶ǺôûɵôĿŵҪԼöռ͸𣬷֮Ͳһ˵¶ˡ
ĵ񰡣ȻҲһ·ӣҪǲͬ⣬͵û˵
˭˵ҲˣⲻզܸӰȫۿطġ
񣺡
Ӧ·ͦģӦòѰɡ
ͷ
ɺеǶǸ·˶С
ҲҪǮ˵ǮҲҪǸ۸Ͱպ۸һС
ǮΪɶҪ
һۣһץˣǳӰܴġҲǼðաϻǾͺ˵ˣϾǽԱ͵ģ˭֪ǻͻȥǵǸɶûϵ
ˡֲĵöǿɰҲ˰ɡ
ͱԱһļ۸ǲԴ˵ˣҲҲǼ飬һͷǣҲָܼ۸ɻ۳ҪĻϡ͵·Ӷǡ
ͷЩաԼ¶ûɺá
ŸҸ·ء
Цſ佱磬¶ɵĺܺáˣǿɸǳˡԺгˣû׼ʱҲһ·ء
ϲôã
ЦŵͷġʵҲͦ׬ǮͰҪǸ˽·ȻðգҲȷʵǮ
һ˭룿Ҳмʶ˲뵽ˡ
磬ܴ󣬼Ŭ
˼䣬ֺ
Ҳû뵽ԼǰʶЩ·ӻء
Ϊ˲ᣬ˵¶
ЦſͷҲûʲôֻҪ⣬ܺûһûʲô˵ġ
ЦЦⲻ˵Ͷ𣿡
ҲͶѣ֮ǰ͵͵ء
ҾúҲдڵıҪҸ֮Ҳ֪ʵҲǺ飬˼յмҲӦõġֻ۲ȥ˵⻰
û뵽ôĿ˵͵͵ڱ֡
˿ȣͬ־Ȼҵ·ӣ͸ǽǢɡüˣǸɵǹ顣
ϡӦˡ
ﻹЩСԺǶίˡ
Ȼ˵Թĸ¶¶û̸֮ǰ˷ˣԻ͵͵ȥ˽ͷ
ͷ˾سǽСԺ
һ·ü·ˡҹڣһҲʶ
ſڶ˿ںţŽԺ
˼ˣͰզǳ¶ܰ첻
ܰ죬ǳ˵ˣ׬Ǯף˼ɵǮ
Ӵ쵼ͦ˼ġ˹Ц
񲻸˵ЦɶЦ㣬ҽ
˵ķʹ˵һ
˾Ϳʼе鷳ˡ
ûⲻҲûǸɵĺô
⵹Ҳǡ
ҸеģǶΪ׬Ǯûаװ׸ɻĵ
եͳ쵼ô¶Ҳڸɲ顣
һϼƣ͸ˡ
̸ˣ׼ˡ
ͷĹͷȵȣõ㶫ܲ׸ɻ
˵ŴӶóֽ
һ֪Ǯ
ֽļ棬ͷ뵽ʱڼᶨġûأҪզզ
ȻŵһʹȥˡһףúøɻˡЩǶϸѹصģ㲻۾ͲҪ
˻ǵһģԭΪӦûúôģ̸¶͸ˣû뵽вǮġ
ҹЦЦ϶ģۻܿ㣬϶׼öġ
뿪ˣԺԼĿڡӴιܰ
˿Լ֣ǿǮôԼƻȥˡ
ҲʵڲãҪǱ֪ˣĲ
ؼ֮㱨
ްŹǷţɵĲ
ֹǸɵĲ˼һǮˣöأûҪ
Ҳû˱
üͷһӴ㻹ֱͦġ
ǿɲ˭ǣܸǺͿ¶
Ϊʾ϶ͷÿˣҪȻһ治֪ô㡣
һ¡
ʲô鶼Ҫ֪ʲôǮãʲôǮá˼ҵǮͶһѱ˼ͳ˱ýǮסūʱǾͻмһֻ۱һֻۣ𺦳档ʱɲһǮܽˡ
⻰ʱ󱳶ˡ
վ׼ˣ磬İɣúøɣý𣬱ʲôá
ĵͷ粻ˣԲñһһߡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


111 
ΪΪǮū, ﻹиС, ¶ıѳظѺáԲЩһ¶Ļᡣ
˭û, ֱ, Ҳô׵ġ
ż϶ܳȥȥջϡ
Ҳû, Ŀģ͸
ԺҲһֱŴңԼҲҪɳġ
ͳ¶ûôģҪǶｨÿ춼ȥȡ
·ÿ춼ӡЩ˵һûμӣڶҲӼæ ϾôҶڸɻԼҲɾͲ˼ԺҪӴ·Ϲ, ʱû
ÿ, ·ٶҲܿˡ
·Ѿ֮ǰúܶˡ·ϵʯͷѶɾˡݵҲƽˡ
ͨĴҲģˡ
ۿ·ҪˣЩԱǾɶʱʼשӡ
Ц, ȷƸˣͿԿˡ
Ʒӵ¶Ҷ֪
˵¶ҲЦˡǸʦͦ, ˵Ҫסɶķ, ܻ, Ļͦ񡣡
רŸġЦҴȥŪûҲż, Ū˾ܿʼڵػˣȻ۾޵·ש顣
⻰Ҹ˼ˡ
ʦһֱ˯ڵ档⼸æŶҲûȥĹĥʦ϶ԼҲȥأӿ϶ˡ⼸춼û
·ҲҪ޺ˣҲóˡ
ֱȥѧУʦŵİ칫ҡ
ûˡ
һʲ֪ʦȥŽˡ
ȥϽǰ칫ңûأʦŽ⡣
ʵȽרҵԼҲ
½ڻԱЦţͽ̽¡
Ž¶ģһ̲˵ѧһҪΪ˶ķӡ
ˣŰɡ
ĵĸʦ⡣
ˣŽ˰칫ңʦզˣǵĸ·ҪˣŽˡ
ʦ˺ˣˣϻ˵˼޸һ¡
˵žͻذ칫ϡ
ڴк͸˹ȥ
ˣ½ھͺŽڵţҿͬ־ǲˡ
ŽںһֻҪúõĸ£ҽ̽ҲС벻Ͷǲܵġ
ڶЦ
ǹأڶɻ
ʦ칫棬ͼֽµĿ˿
ʵϲͼֽǷӵĸֻǿóġеĺԺ͡
⵹ЩռͷռͼҼһϲԺӡ
ҲԺӣֻԺǷΧġ
Ǽ䷿ӸΧһȦˡܶ滹棬䷿浽ʱҪô죬ǾǸҸˡ
˿ٵļͥͲҪ涼ӣǽΧҲС˿ڶļͥӡƽʱһסһԺԺԷСҪǷ˼ˣظңҲšȰԺӿںǰá˵ũͬ־ԼŲǽӾŲˡ
⻰֪ȷʵ˹εģƲ
ʦЦŵͺãҾƱȽϼ򵥣ҲʵáҪ濴
ҲͦõģҲҪิӵķӡֻҪסſʵͺá
ģԽʵֻҪõĲϺãұ֤øʮ궼û⡣
УôͼֽҶӡˣ۾Ͱ衣ʦοǶлˣͷöﳵȥ
Ҳȥʦ֡
Ϊɶ
ҡһ࿴㲻֪ǹ̶ӸɻʱЩƵĶöţʱʱָһ¡Ҫǳˣͺ鷳ǶԱǰûôǷӣרҵָһ˵
ѹͲ⻰λԸɻҲǺ¶
ʵǵλǱզ˵أ
û£Ƕ춼ôӻ
񣺡
ʦ˿ȣʵ˵ɣʵҲѧϰҵѧûѧͳˡⲻʦ Ķر࣬ö֪ʶҶû͸ҾѧϰˣȻ˳ҲܰǸ㽨裬ǲǣ
Ÿոڰ칫ҵӣ˾ͽɡ
Ϊ֪ʶµİ
ȻҲ¶ҵͬ⣬ʦ̲㣬ۿɲܱ֤
ûϵԼȥֻҪ߾УиضԷ˯
¶ͺðˣЦǿ϶ûģ۶ǲȱԵĲȱסġ
ͼֽתͷȥҴӸɲˡ
ӸɲǿƵķӣ۾ڷ
ҲҪ·ӡ
ԼҪסķӣǶ̹
ԺϹϹ߲˵ģΧȦֻӿɾˡ
ש߷
סĿ϶
ȥҪǷӵԱǰӡҶͬ⣬Ϳʼˡ
Цҵһϲⷿӡ
˸ɲҲˡⷿӺá
˵ʵڵģסһý治ã˼СɶֻֿĲŷ㡣
˱Ͷ·ûߵҪֻҪס̹Сڻ﹤ʦƵģ͹ǹʦͷ͹Ǿˡ
ⷿͼֽһӸɲǸһ϶ûġ
ȻҪĻǶǲǲǮҲ˼̫Ҫ
ﲹǮ빤ʦơ
ˣɶ˵ģ
ͼֽˣ߸˵ĺһûǷӵ˼Ҵˡ
ǷӿأԺۿɲüһݽˣظҡǾ˯ԼԱݡ
˵ĺԺ֪ɶĺԺǰ׶Ǳߵסĺ÷ӡСĺԺ
סôã᲻˵л
ɶӴֲ͵ġ˵ˣɶǷ𣿡

ôһЩ˼ҲɴһҧǷӡ
ȽһְϣֵԼҸǷӵʱŲβҲС
ⷿܲһӸǺõģҪǺóһʱء
ﶼֶͲˣʱȥͳǮȥˣҪ
ͼֽӡ֮ռ͵ͬ־Ҳʼڵػˡ
ڵػͲҪӵͬ־ˣ·˶޺ˣ͹ڵػ
ҪҲҪǷӵЩ˼ңһæ˭Ҳ˭ҵǮʡһˡ
ӵػڵʱͿʼӹשˡ
һשӹש߳ռӵĻĵϣĶѷˡ
Щש飬ҲŸеᵽҪǷˡҪ·ˡ
ռש¶Ҳܿ챻עˡ
Ҳ˵ռҪӵ¶ֻһֱûҲûզע⡣
ש鶼ˡ
Щ˾Ϳʼ뷨ˡ
ҪӰ
˵
֮ǰǲţڵػڿˣש鶼ʼˣܲǼٵİɡ
ԱӸڴܹˡ
ռ͵Ժô¡ǲء֮һڽ䣬һǴӰ͵ġ
Ӱ͵ġ
ڴӵԱľܻȥˡ
лҪ˵ôôա


112 
¾¶Ա, ռǰ, ĶȢϱԱߴӵ˾ͶԼĺ, Ҳû뷨
Ҳû¶, ҶûбȽϵĶ
ڿռ͵Ա, ǴӲģӵԱǲˡ
˵õĹͬԣأ˵õĴһͬʹһء
ռѾԶˣǵ׷ȥ
ԱǰϢ֮󣬾ڴѸٴ 
ͼӴףռ͵·ӴĺͳСһ˵ռʹӰ׸ӡ
ŵϢڶѸ֮, ԱǶסˡ
ȺľԼӵĴӸɲҪ˵
Ǵ, Ǻ칫ģզ˼Ҿ͸ԱǷӣԼɶûءǮȥˣ
̼ʹӣ, ϺӴӶǺռʹӱȽϽĴӡ
ܵӰصģҲ类ԱǸΧ˴Ӱ칫ҵġ
ЩӳʹǱһͷ
ռͽӵ飬ҲһЩ, û¡
ǻǻûש, ͵Ц, ʼשˣΪǽ顣ͳ˵ġ
ԱǷӡһǴӰ׸Ƿӣôأ
ϺӴӳ, ûǮûǮǸǷӣĺռ;Ƿӣǿ϶Ҳǰ׸ǵġ
бƢԱˣǳǮˣ׿˵Ļмٵģ
ԣ۶ԼģǾǸԱǷˣ·޺ˣΪשҪкôǻܰ׸·
Ǵӣ۶ǻҪզޣ۲ް
ϺӴĴӳ˵Ƕǰˣ˼ҲȻҲ㸻ԣ벻ܸԣ׸Ա޷ӡ
ǶǺǶš
ʵզأ˼ҷӶʼڵػˣզǺأҪǲţԼȥ˽ͬǴӣҲشˡ
ԱԽ˵ԽίƽʱҲԹҲռ͵Աɵ٣զǾܸø·ӣ
֮쵼ͬˡ
һԱ쵼ͬӾͲͬˡ
ЩӸɲͷ
ϺӴӳֱӰñͷһǣ̸˾ͳţţԼȥ˽ȥ
һ·ϻֹӵĴӸɲǡ
ЩӸɲһҴҵĹġ
·˾ͻ²ۣҲ֪ռ͸ɶ¶ˣ˵զôܸأϴͳָǷӡ˵ǷӾ͸ǷӣզͶô󡣡
ҪţĴ󣬰׸ԱǷӣǣǮ𣿡
ȻΣһ·Ϳ˴ששȻǽӵʱ򣬿һƬյȫŵש顣
һԲһҸǷӵש鰡
￩һ£ռʹӵİ칫ȥˡ
ǲ֪Щ¶ںͻеͨ
ϴ˵ĳӵ¶ͳ쵼֮󣬾͸˺Ϣ
ͬƳתøեͳǲ֧Ҫֽ֧ΪҲҪ³ҪǮ
ȻҲǵռĿǰǷӣûǮǷ껹塣
ȿȣ˵ǸʻԱѵѡ
û˵ЦĻЩ˼ˡ
ȻǵóŵǮ൱Ϣ
ЦǵȻǵˣ⻹˵ѡȥѧʻأǼȻܰţͰ˰Źȥʷÿ϶ٵġ
͸ˣʹ˹ͨôɣõֵΡ
ЦŵҿǸǳٰڳ쵼Ǳ߶˵˺ܶû
رмռ͵Ҳ߶Ǹĺˡ۴ԺչˣҪдӵķչʷ
˶ʱЦ
Լ˰ȥѧʻʱ䡣
㰲ţϾѩ֮·ϾͲÿˣѧҲô׵¶Ҫ͵ܴѧûѧ
Ͱš
绰һң͸Ͻȥ֪ͨްʦǣ¿֮󣬰һ¡аš
۾һ㣬ɶ°ûҵķݶ
ĶͷȰ֪ʶѧ˵ٺõ¶лسǺã
ԴȥҲûɶ
ҪϽˡ
ոܳȥξʹһȺӵĸɲǹˡ
ЩӸɲֺġ
һΡ
üͷһզˣɶ¶ˣ
ЩӸɲǼһСҲͦϰߵġ
ǰ뵽һúһСƽƽ
ȻЩӸɲҲԼˣϺӴֱӿڵҲ˵ɶ¶ˣ۾֪һ¶
Цɶ¶ͬ־ǡ
˵Ƕ׸Ա޷ӣģ
һЦˣôܰǴ¶⻰Ҳţ
ЩӸɲǸһֻǸǲѣ֮һĽԼе

黹ģ֮һҲٰô໧˼ң𣿵ˣǻ׼˵߸֮󣬻ȥʹģ⻹զ壿
Щӵ쵼Ƕ̼߾͵油ˣôǮǡǾ׬Ǯ׬ôࣿ
Թԣͳô׬Ǯ
⼤ӣǧذת˼߿ڣʵҲ࣬ǸԱǷӣǿԸǵġҲ֪ⷿҲһӾܸǺõģ£׬һ㲹һ㡣
⻰žˡ
׬һ㲹һ㣬ӾͲҪǮˣ
ľ͵ǶԱã
Ц˵ģ۴ӲΪ𣬶ԱãǾӦõġ

⻰˼̫ˣûӡһĬ
һȦǾģ
ǣ㣬ԱסˣǴӰ칫ҶΧˡĴǼ
Ȼ뵽ģ¶һȵı飬ɣզأ
զأԱȽϣ˭úã϶һӡ
Ϊѵզ찡ܲǲǷӰɣש鶼ˣ·ˣ˵ǷӣԱͲǰΧӲˣֱӵðѴӲˡ
ӵ쵼Ƕʱ࿴һۡ
ϺӴ쵼Ϳ˿ȣʵǣ˵Ǹզ죿Ǻ칫ģ⻹ýҲûкˮǲǣҶͺģǲǣ
ЦŵͷΪɶûˮΪҪռ͵ͣµûͳԣ
Ȼ⻰֪ˣó˵Ͳ׵ˡ
۳Ⱑɶǰ쳧ô׬Ǯ˵ǲҲܰͳ
ЦȻܰˣ쳧ֻҪ룬Ǿܰ졣
ܳ⣬̴̽۶ǵǵӳģǲǣ
ͷʵǮҪ̨ҪˣɾûǾˡ

֪զȥλǶõӵġ

⣬۶Ѿһĺϣ⻹˴ع򡣡

֮ܶһˣܳԿˡȻҪߣҲš
⼸⣬ͽӳ˼ˡ
ûǮ֪ôĺϣҲûӡ
Ӷûôϣ
Ҿ;һˮͷϵһû·ˡ
ˣǰǸ˸⣬ǻȥû
룬Ц뷨һúǶͬ־ͬˣܶǵ⡣
ɶ뷨˵˵̼͵Ĳǵ
һǣǻϣж٣ͳն١ҪֽͶСһʳܻǮǮˣǷӵҲܰæˣǲǣǻԴһЩ鼼Ҹ
쵼飬üͷ
¶Ҳûûȥʵڶɶ
ǶⲻŮͬ־ҪƽȣŮҲƽȡ֮Ůͬ־ҲһҪȥͬ־ȫǶסǷӣǲǷӡ
ⲻǵ𣿡ӳ
񲻸˵⻰˵ˣɶŰҲסŮСھǶס˵ˣŮƽˣΰͬ־˵Ļ˼øĸˡ
ǵŰ
ӳɫÿˡ
ǻ뵽һ⣬Ҫͬ־ռ仧ˣǶﲻµظɻ
ǰɲУˡ
˵ĸ˲ˣզˣŮͬ־ΪŮͬ־ȡƽȵ档ҲԸԭԸҲһ뷨һҪǶͬ־һͨ˵ˡǺǣҶǮǶûطˣˣԼǳũûеϡǼ˸ũ
ЩֱӵֵЩ쵼˵
Ͼ⻰еռǮгӣũûе˼Ҳȱ˸ɻ
˵ˣҲˣǻȥԼԼúͶ¶治һܳɣǺĸҷǽѣҪǲ⣬Ǿ͵û˵ҿɲ뱳ʲôõ
Ȼ飬ĴǡôϵĺôҲǿõġ
Ǿȥúһ£ûпԡ
ÿռͣҲ˺ߵʱЦǺǵġ
ˣżҴҵĴܻ⼸һֱŸǷӵ飬ղ˵ˡ
˶ˣʵЩ˸ɶˣû۸ɡ
ûɶǸǷӵ顣
ǿǺãǡ
ͷţҪ˼ˣҲǿһġ
лҪ˵ôôգдһ㣬˵


113 
ռ͵Ȼȱ˵ġ
ղ˵ôе, ˵׶Ϊ˲֪Ĵ㡣
һ˿ܾ;Եռס·, Աˡ
Զࡣ
ҪռԺԼĹҵ, Ҳֹù, ֺܷ졣˶סС󷿣СǲŮ޶ѧ, ˶ܿ𲡡ñ磬úӺϼҡ
Ҫ֧ôļƻǾҪˣԶռܰ쵽ġ
θ㽨ӽӣ꿪ĻýͰ͵ءϾũûеûδôáһֹҪ
ҲȱˣԺҪϵˡɶҪء
ӱ˵, Щ, ־᲻
ˣǲ׳ռ͡
һҲ˵ʵģǾŮƽȣϣԸıһռŮķ˼һܵӰ졣
ȻЩ, Ҳ׼ͶɲǴк˵һ¡һ׼
Ӹɲ֪ո쵼¶ˡ
ǻվһû¾ˡ
ǽй˵˸ոյ, Ҷʱˡ
մ󱦵, ɶ, ĶǷӣ
һ򣬡󱦸磬զô, ǲǱĶģ۶ġ۶Ůˣ
Ҷû˵
Ůˡ
ⲻо仰𣬼޳ȥŮóȥˮ
ֵҪĻռ͵ķչԺҪˣҪܶ๤ˣɵĻ˭ɣũҪҪֵأĻˣ綼Ӧˣռ͵ŮռԺռ˶Ҫˣã˵ˣӸǷܸǶܲ٣Ҫˣ൱һǮŪһˣ׬ˡ
˵֮һ㣬˵ˣŮƽȣռ͵ˣ˵⸣ֻޣŮޡ˵ʵڵģҺζŮͬ־СӻŮǷԱ͵׶ǶŮ쵼ģ۲ٺǰһˡ
ᣬڸҲ˵׻Ǵ˼ϾɣͳǰһסõĶѧ
ᶨǵɲһҪǰ棬ͷΰͬ־ͬͬ꣬ŮΪŮƽȵġҲҪôڸŮƽȡ
˵ͦеģŮզˣֻҪܸ۶ɻף۶ܸ
ЦҲ˵˵˼һһͬءЩ˵ˣˡ
ޣԼҪۻˣԼģ˭
زֿߵ
¶ҲֻǸѣǺõġ
ӸɲȻһʼ᲻Ǯǲܴķ˵¶ҪˣռȷʵҲкô
ĶСӣܸɻġ
˼һ治һ÷ء
¶˳˵˰ȥѧ顣
ѧɲѧѧ·üյ֡
ҪѧˣһʱҲᱻȡ
λǴӽްѡԺѡ˶ôѡϾѧҲҪѧͨģû֪ʶҲѧᡣ
ӸɲŻȥ˵ÿԼҺӼѧ
ٺûᰡ

ӵĸɲҲڿСᡣ
·ߵһһ·
ҲôƽϢԱµİ취
óǮǷӣҪȻͱŪˡ
ڵԱǰɲһˣɶõ¶Ƕ
󼸸վ·
ǶҲûŮҪɣôӣƽһҲ߲˼ޡ
ǶŮ޳ģЩŮ޻żˡ
Ҳô˵ǳŮҲأҲûũǲǣ˶֪֮ġ
⻰˶ʱĬˡ
°ռͷں˼ҳһˮƽˡ
ǿף˵ʵڵģ¶۾㲻ͬҲסҪҪ˹ȥֱӷŻĸԱ֪ĵģۻŲȥ

Щ쵼ǶռôһˣզоԽԽˡ֮ǰء
ˣϽشӺʹӸɲɡ
·ھͷͷˡ
˸ԵĶҲԱզ֣͸ϽٿӲ飬ռ͵˵ˡ
ЩڼҵĴӸɲϢȰռһЩǮǿ󷽡
զԼͲռ͵ĸɲء
Ǳ߸ɲöǮ
ţ쵼ְ˵ˡ
̶ӳһǮòģҲռĵزûǮûǸռ취ʱסǡ
ϣжն٣
ʵ
̶ӳô˵ģʱҪˣ϶ҪǩЭģҪǲգǵ⳥
ԣǩЭ飬ҪȻʧ˭⣿
ӸɲǷ׷׵ͷŵĻǾûɶˡ
ֻҪܻǮС
ڼҼһ治ȱԵģȱľǮ
˵ϵ¶˵ͬ־ȥռ͸Ƿӵˡ
ᵽ飬ϱ졣
ûе㶪оͺԼӵȥռ͵һ
̶ӳ¶סҳŻ֪Ҫȥģ۾˼빤ҪʵҪȥҲûޡ
ΪԱһֱϢ߿֮ǾֱӿᣬϢԱ֪ͨˡ
ҲںռͱȣгӣûС£ҲòǮϣǮˣ۾ҲǷӡ
⻰ԱǵЩˡЩɲóˣû˵ˡ
ﻹǲģǾᡣ
˼ռ͵ʱס·ˣǻͰ͵ΪǷŬء
ԽԽˡ
˭ﶼŲզͲռ͵ء
ŶһϢ
ռ͵˸飬Ҳҵȿȣ۶ȢǶŮޣȥǶ·ǶҲ

Ĭ룬ʱըˡ
ûŮĽռ͵ŮޣҪȥռ͸ǷˣԺҲõıż۸żҵˡ
е
ʼˣǵأǿԼŬǷء

̶ӳӣֱôҽɢؼԼȥȥ
Ҳ࣬ϵĶڼ̸¶
رǼм޵ģ涯˼ˡ
ǰĶ࣬ĶࡣڶˣýˡֵܶļͥҲϱء
ǰֻĵʱǺ˵Ȣϱڲһˣ׼ˣ¹񴲶٣øǮ
ѵĻûضס
ҪȥռͣǷʡһǮɣҡԼǷ⣬ⲻ㵹Űɡ

ЩӲͬǣռ͵Ǻܸˡ
Ǵӽް¿ΣͺҪѡͬ־顣
ǵδܻŮͬ־ȫѧѡͬ־ȥ
ɰͬ־Ǹ˵Ĳˡ
ѧǿȥѧ˵ø֤ġ
֤飬ǿɾгϢ
ҲûŮͬ־ʧ˵һռµߣŮͬ־飬зԸռ͸ǷģҲͬԲǷ
ϢŮͬ־ֲ˼ְԸϲ
ΪŮͬ־˭޳ȥأۿԽԽˣ˭Ҳ߰
˵ˣȢĶԼٺöԱ˵ҲˡҪ
ԼͲһˣԼˡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


114 
˵ЩϢ, ռ͵ԱҲ˷ܵû˯, һ¶
ѧУް, ҵĲ, õ·߶ˣŶ߹Ȼû, Ѻӱȥްѧ֪ʶںû˰ɡ
Ȼѹܴ󣬵ܱʸûеǿ
˵ˣްҲֹһλᰡйǶҪӽްġ
Ůӵʻļͥ, Ǿ͸ˡ
˾, ûɶ˼ŮӽǷвıȽϿסŮӶзˡ
ԭ׼˵׵˼ңڶ׼¿ʼ̸ˡʲôС۶ҪǮóǷӣ͸ռ͡
ŮƤӵ, ǿ϶ȥżҷġ
ҪǣԺýˣ϶డǾ൱Ƕ˰, ɱɶǿˡ
Щ, ҲǹŮżǱõ, ǷءʱﻹҪ
ԺԼҹŮס·ҲӲ
˶óռʹӿԽԽˡ﹤ࡣŮڶû׼ҸùǲȥĶµظɻǿ
Ҹ˹ŮļֵͥġĻЩŮ, ԼҹŮһҪסռͷչĺãռ͵ĹŮޡ
°ԼŮ˼빤ˣʱһռͰˡ
ǣǶӳڳɻ
զŮռõġ
϶Ҹ
Ҷʹҡͷ
һҪǣ裬˵ģҪǡ
°
Ҷ롣
ҶЦЦһгˡ
°
̸п Ҫ÷ӵĺ¾ͺˡ
÷Ĵãվǿǰ档޵̫ԶˣѾþûˡһˣûһΡ궼û
˵޵ԶҲΪ࣬ûԣû취ԶԶ˻˼ҡء
ͨ㣬϶ũ壬дŶ㡣
ԼܻһΡ޳ȥʮܹ꣬ҲͻΡ
ƽʱ뻹á޵ĹŮĶˡ
̣۶˳۾˸ôţ㡣
û¶Ҳᣬ޳ȥôˣԼһˡ
Ȼô˵֪ô˵϶ǵǵġ
˭ֲԼء
һҲҪȥǸطһۣǲҲϡ

ڶѯŮӽ·顣Ȼˣɵզ£û˵ףﻹǲ̤ʵ
ȴӴӸɲǿʵĻش֮϶Ц˻
ֶһ䣬Ů֮ܲȥްϿأһйŮܲҲȥأˣ㲻ˣ
ξˣ˵ɩӰϱҪȥްҲûŰɣйҲм޽ϱѲۻŮУ
⻰ԱָˣЦŰ֣ǿ϶ᣬŮƽȡ
ԺɱɶֻҪ޲ҪŮ޵Ļˣﶼƽˣǵ˼Ҫߡ
⻰ЩŮԱ˵죬֣˵ᡣ
ȴЩˣξͺ˸п˵ûӸһԴܹʵŮƽȡǳǣЩˣƽʱզ˵װһŮҲвˡ
иɲǵͷû˵
ʵ֮ǰҲŮš
ϾŮҪ޳ȥֻڼɻġ
ҪǹŮŪŮɻǿ϶Ͳһˡ
ӴӸɲߵõϢ֮ЩѾ˵˼ҵԱǾ͸Ͻȥδ׼Ҽ˼빤ˡ
ҪҲɣռ͡һҪ
ҪȻԺˡ
۶ɲ׿˵ģŮҲһĴȥ֮йɶĶһġϽްءѡɶ˾ȥѧ󳵣ҲǴӽްѡġ׼ҰԼ룬Сڵɻãȥǵ˺ãҲɣ˭ȥ۶
һĴܲμй
ܰҪȻǸɶҪͳˣ˵һоͶʮءϽһ´Ҳ֪Ҫɶʱ򡣡
Ķˡ
ֻǽӲǻھᣬҪҪΪǵǮԼҶȥš
е˵ĻᣬǾͲһˡ
һͳ˰
˵ռͳ˹ʿɸˡ֮ǰȥƱͳԵʱҲʹأ˼ҼӰ໹нһʮ顣ƽʱڻɶءⲻȶɻǿˣ
Ҳˡ
ɶŰԼǱŵȥġ˼ҹ쵼һкȥﵱˣȢŮء˵ֻ˵٣ӣҲû˵Ű
з»ǹͰ˺ãҪɻ¶
ŮʵǷӡ
ȿȣҲǣҲǡǮûôֻܸ࣬ǸС䡣
ǾͺǼҸһĺԺСڼһ𣬵ʱ⿪žˡ
˫һϼƣʡǮòȫ
ǺöҶæµˣæŶӣͰѽ¶ˡ
ûЩ¶һȥѡ˾ˡ
ƽʱĿñ֣ɼԼʼп֡
Щƽʱʦ¼ģĻһӾóˡʷ棬ֱӵȾˡ
ѧУĸһԡ
ڴҹ֤ͬ£ѡۺϳɼߵġ
һزֿСսһǶ̼ҵס
Сӱѡˣ˵Ļӵ
ΪǹԳģ˾ʧ䣬Ҳû뷨ǹơ
Ҷлᣬ۶Ժ϶ֹ˾ġⲻ껹Ҫй𣬶лᡣ
˵й¶ִˡ
йأ¼ȡˡ
緹ӾͱСɽ͵еȥˡ
ɰҺ̼˻ˡ
Լ˿ѷԡͺͷϲһġ
һһ˸ɻҲоˡ
ﳧĵػûҲںˣѾʼש齨ˡ·ߣҲ˺ЩػһһӵĵػһѾʼڽˡ
ΪʦԶңЩûɶԱҲûɶ
ŵһӵĵػƽˣֿʼǽˣӵԱǶȼˡ
ͿӵĵػͿóҪǽˣ϶ֿãʪء
۳ռֵģӵ˵ýҲʼռˡϾռͲֹŮǷͳһйϢˡ
˭˶ĶһµġйŮļͥҲ˵ռ͵ޣйʱԼҹŮҲܸźʱˡ
ռͲֹ㽨ææˡ
񶼳ˡ
üŮͬ־˵
ɰŵﶼһˡ
Ҳǿǲ뵢˼ҵĺùŮ
ҲŲɶʱأ鶼СҪǲ飬۷ǵø飬ʱ˼ҹŮί
󺰣̣Ӣ䡣
̵ȥģҲNɪΪǿأ˼ǿռ͵ĺôġNɪ
Դˡ
ǵģ̶֪ڸɶ¶ء
Ūܶˣ˵ɵĺá
лҪ˵ôôգ


115 
һֱʮµ, һѩ, ռ͵Ľ蹤ֹͣˡ
ڼռͰϲµ˺ܶ, Ǽҵ, ǳϲ񶼳Ժöˡ
Ȼ, ӵǮҲûáЩϲƵļ϶׼ռ͸Ƿӵġ֮󣬲øȫǷӵķӻƲˡ
ҪԪˣĻֹͣˣեͳȴæʱ򡣺Щð 
糧֮ǰŵ, ԲͿǮ, н¶ö֡Ӧ˾ͲܷڣҪȻԺòϰյΡ
йҲҪŲæʱȰ¶áȳӿܹ֮Ͷ빤С
۲ŵĹԪҸĳƱͨƱѸٵļ£һʽҲҪ
եͳᡣ
ڶ׬ǮľեͳˡեͳѹǾ޴ģǻҲࡣ
ź۲ŵĹֽ, Щ˷ܡ
Ѿ ˾ܽãʱһܴҲҪ׼, ֮, ͸Ͻѵ, ѸٵĽ빤״̬
Ӧˣ׼Ŵȥ֮ԼҲСᰲŹ
о۲ˣιզˣ
ԼС㱨, ׼ȥʡƱʱ͹ȥȿ֮³ˣٿʼҲС
ЦʡǱԸ⣿
ϴǱͣ˸ˡ֪ͳġҲڼ۸һԸȵȡ
εȨ
ǲܱ˵ģǿԶһƱǡ
ͦ׵ġ
ܹǰŪǮΣǾǺΡ
۲ŸɵĲ
۲ŵ˶࿴˿˵Ц
ְŸͰ칫ҵһͳĿá֮ǰӦģҪ׶ֺ͸ǮϣԪ͵ó
ҿҲûʣڳﵽҪǮҾת
ҡͷ֡Ƿ˭ǮУǷǵǮϵǮеģǮŸʱнˡȰǮˡ
ǰ飬ͿŵĹ¡һɲϰʧţԺɶ߶ðˡԸծУǲǷϰյǮ
ͷĵǸǵŸǡɶѹԼˡ
鿪ˣֺʹӵĿᡣ
״ӸɲҲǲЪһ
ᣬָˡ
ȻǲŰһͰ
ϵ׳йեͳй֪ͨҲҪȥˡ
Цæһɡ
˵æźãæŲнӳԽĵӦˡ
ӻ֮󣬶ͷ֪ͨ
һ׳ҪˣøҸҪģ׼á
եͳҪйˣѧУްˡμӳ濼ˡ忼˵ѧУ֪ͨ
֮ǰեͳЩϻûģԪ֮ڳȥǮͽˡ
Ϣռʹһͨ֡
ɶǺϢ
ҼһҲˣǷûǮģһǮһˡ
׳ܸǷƱʱء
й¶͸˵ˣ͵ϢˣԭΪҪȿˣû⻹أͿʼйˡ
ɰѺЩֻˡ
رЩսûģҵĲˡҪ죬ǻǴйˡ
եͳϵǾ͸˵ˣҼһեͳϵġ
Ҷܽʡûզꡣ
͵ˣرҪˣһǷӣرҪǮû˺˼ͷ
ŽǷ޳򳵣ҪǮҲ˼ųǮ
û뵽ǻżأûʱǰ֪ͨˡ
ɶǺ׬ǮйصĺϢĶ춼ûˡ
ҼһϲģҲ䣬йģͳǮ¶ģˡ
ռӺӴ
ѩһ˹ްдӹһ·ߵ
еϤĺǣ糤ΡǼŹİɽװˡ⼸˶Ǵ쵼ڸŷ֮λǡ
Ϊǵĵһ죬Щϰûⲻʹų鼸߷һ¡
칫ΪһصĹ磬ͱˡ
ʱûкֱӴԼũҵֵһġ
ɰѺǺ糤˸ֲ
ں칫ҲûɶץСӵĵط˵ǻ򶨡˵Ҫ칫磬ѹĵͼóˡܼѴӵģռҲѴ档ΪͼǰģƽʱҲûģԼˡ
ǿͲһˣɻǵռأһǰѴءһգ۾ͳģˣе㵣ĺ칫㸡䣬ⲻһռʹӡ
·ѩҲÿֻ߹ˡ
·֮ǰҲûӿݵģһߵĵҲ˳
ȵռ֮ǾͿԭӦڼ￾Աǵȥ϶ϲӣ;ú档
ô֣ʲôϲ£
ǵɶɡǣȥҶɲǹɡ
ǵͷ˻ҪҵظɲģҪȻظɲϲÿ
μ״ȥͨ籨ˣʵ֮ǰ绰ˣǵռ͵ʱ򲻻װ¶ˣλǿˣԾ͸ɴûǰ֪ͨ
ռӦûǱֵĺܺõġ
֮һλʻ
סǶ壬ȽŲãƽʱɻУҼﺢӻ˽ް࣬ϻܻǮϲ¶йأЦĵġ
մӴ׼ؼң·ϱסˡ
Ǹˡ
뺰ŵģÿϵùĺǺ糤סˣӴǺ糤۶զû֪ͨ
еЦʱġ
ȥǺȥȻȽģСӣϽȥȥ˵Ǻ糤ˡ
СӵСһ̶ˣܵı֮ǰοɿˡ
Ƕǻ˵쵼һǺ糤εЦЦ
Ц۾ȴӸɲ簡ҿǽְͦǸɶ
ٺ٣æź°Ц¶һæȥǮء
Ǻ棬ʲôǮ
һ֣ɲӣСǶեͳ׸ԲͶǮ¶Ƕ֪㲻ǹİɡ
Ǻ糤˵쵼Ǿ͸һ̣Ǹģ˽
ĵѹˡЦĸˡϾ˵ܸǷӣҲǸ˺ֵܴ֧ġ
쵼ˣҲ֪ɶ˵ɶ˵һ˵զأ
Цžܾ̣챿۴Ӹɲ˵ɡ۶¶أȿ
˵һȳһյľˡ
ǶʱúЦ綼ͦ֡
Ҫ˵´Ӹɲ˵ɣҲЦҲǼٵġҪǲ°ɣҲɶҲ˵ǻŴһ
ӵĴӲôģ
лҪ˵˵


116 
õϢ͸ϽŶĸɲˡ
쵼, ûɶõĵ, Ͼ, ɶ֪쵼, һǸܽ쵼΢˽һ, ͵쵼һϲռ͵ʱֱʡ
εڹʱ˵¾ˣص㡣ϾҲ̫ˣ쵼ʱܿߡ
, ҲôͰ
̾˿, Լŵ㡣
Ǻͺһͷʱ򣬺һͳ濴ء
ϧͳ˲ý˵ǳĹأĳԵ, Ϊȥǹ쵼һ
ָ㽨, ˭ҲҸˡ
ǵǺ˵, Ҳй, ܵҲ
Ǻ糤˿
ӭλ쵼ݰָ˾߹ˡ߽˵˾件ӭĻ
Ǳһû¡ͿԱ
Ǿ֪λ, Ͻܵͬ־ͬ־Һǽһ£λǡοǹġ
ЦŹк
Ǻá
ָܣλͬ־ռʹӵĴǣλͬ־ǶĴӳһֱλͬ־쵼Ĺ
һûӦ񣬡λǡ
΢ЦãռӵĴǣ񡣡
ǿһȻӸɲ
Ҷһӣ˵⻹Ǵǰ
⣬⡭֪ôˡ
ʺ칫Щ쵼ôһôŮ޴ӣֲ뵱ô˵ֵ̫ѿɴ˵ͷ־ͽкǺ糤ϡ
ԭأ
ε쵼ǿҲ˳ۣ
ο뿪ķ򣬡ôͼôһλôĴǡʶˣǻҪ˳ۡ
ĵ񵱴ǰɡ
ɶ񵱴ǣĴӸɲ⻰ͼˣΧ˹Σ۶ɵĺúõģɲֱѽɵĶð۶˶۴ǺʱҪǻˣַˡ
θϽ𼤶𼤶쵼ⲻǶû˵ɶ𣬴ɣǸɵúã쵼Ҳǿ˽֮ûˡ
˻ǲģҪǹ粻쵼ǵúʹӵԱ˵˵
ȻƽʱҲ֯ĸλ쵼쵼̫ˣЩϰҲ˵˵Լ
иĶôĴӳأƾɶɵĺòܵ
һߣҲǺ糤Ǻ֣ôĸɲĸ쵼ҵݣǼҵݣ
Ǻ糤ԩˡ
˶İ֣治ݣǷϵϰյ뷨ŵġҲˣһ·ԱǶˡ
糤쵼ۿǱֵַˣԲ˵ҰˣСȷʵɵĺܺãռ֮ǰƶӣһʱ䣬̥ǣǶСհæġ
Ҳ͵ϴҺ㱨ģũûеҲ֪ͬ־ŸģСվλ֪ࡣ
ǵ
СգȻҲ֪ˣѾ仧ռˡ˵صصռ͵Աǲŷİǡ
ôŸո󣬿Ȼᣬǻͦصӡ
ȻҲֻ˵ģÿʵզ
ܲϹ֡
°쵼ҵĺڻͣϹ֣ʱǺϰպͻɲ
ȿռͰɡ
Ǻ糤⻰ͷˣʮе糤Цԣȿ
λ쵼ʱ򣬴ӸɲǶŵĲˣ¹ɶҪˡ
ֻǿ׵ЦЦ˶ȥȿԱοһѼͥ
ʵۡһ𣿡
ЦȻȥɣ﹤࣬쵼ǻȥúùء
ðɡοӸɲǣ˶ͷ
ǿӣЦˣǰɶˮء
ҲóЩɲǶҲǺֵ֧ġ
˴Ӹɲǣͺһͬ쵼ǲιռͣȥοԱ
·Ҳռ͵ѧУҲŵռ͵㣬ܶԱģ֮׼ܹӣֿߵ쵼û
Ǻæʲô
쵼ҲûţǰǻѧУ־ԸߣæӴţɶ쵼Ȼû˵ǴǼġ
򶨵ŴҶţͷһЩ֪ͨġгйȥͳǮ¶
¶ǻ֪ͶԳйͳǮ¶档
ͳйҪˣ
ЦŵǰԱĹͬŬй֧£Ч治ӡҲе˾ܹṩũûейҲᵢũˡ
ǵͷٴξũûеܲóͶܹӡ
ͳǮô£
ͰԱͳեʹͣȻǮͽ߽һ顣
Ǻ糤Ҳһ߰ǻ˵ڹҲǵõԱձ֧֡
ͨЩ¶͸ĹۺܶˡжģǿյĲݰ
ʡͻҪ⵹ϡ档׸ϰǮˡ
Цۼ峧ӱҲΪ׬ǮһжΪϰյǹҸ
Ǿе˼߰Ҫ׬ǮʲôĶεģʱҸɵ飬߼ģҪϰΪҲܸ㸡䣬զզ
æĵͷǵģҲС
Ѿ׸ıԼӡˣͬ־ȻᣬҲ㡣
˼ҲܻܳϡһЩڶĹš
ЩǼƻģɶ˵
˵ֲũûейڽйţҪﰲ֮ġȫİš
˵ָЩδҪķ򣬸ǴӵĹ滮
ĽζźǺ糤ͷ
糤ͺǶ˿
һ˼ҷӱȽƾɵ˼ȥοʡҲû֣˶ġ
һˣʮ飬ůů
Ц̣쵼͹쵼ǵ
޾һͼˣֶ֪ˣ⣬Ҫİӹĺãõ
޾ǸѸߵ磬ϱ͸ļˣһŮòġ
һֱԺŮüˣ֮ɹ¹ˣҪˡζ˽¶֮͸ˡռ͵Ůӳˡ޾̼˼Ҳ׼ҡ
Ů˵˸ĴӵСӣ˼ԸСӼøʮ飬޾ó˶İʮǮҺһ޷ӣ϶Ĳ޸Сķˡ˺ŮסһŮҲü޳ȥˣס·ⲻСڶȥϽްȥˣָŲμйء
ӹͷˡ
˼ʹˣҲûô쵼־˵Ӻãлл쵼۹ĺãﲹ޷ӣŮӶзݣۼҲõͷˡ
˵Լˡ
æˣףǹúã֯Ը
ã۴ӹĶã۴ӸɲɵĺãҲãرá쵼ǿҪ񰡡
Цŵ˵ãͺá
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


117 
Ӿ̼ҳ, ȥ˼˼, ϶˵Ӹɵĺ, ˵õġ˵ɻûô, 뻹ˡ
ĿӹԽԽˡ˵ûһӴ󸻴󣬿˿ϣ, ܹԺԽԽá
Ҳĺ
߷˼֮ӡһ̨ˡ
֮ǰ̫ˣ֪ͨǣǹϹ㣬򰡡
ǵôĸɲ, ҲǴӻ߳, ĺõĸɲҲܶ࣬ôԱӵĿ佱ģҲǺѵõġ
ΪԱԱůǵɲӦ顣
ҲԱͨԼͶĻر
Աǻм, мǶԸɲûôĸмˡ
ɲǹĺҸУıǰ̫, ǲŻ뷨
һռ, ռͶѵש, Ӹո߷õĹ棬Ҳ֪ռͲǷˡ
Ҳһ˵
ͬ־ͬ־ɵĲ
ǿ佱
ץץӣá
, ҪǴֹ֧ԱҲŬ۶·޵ġΪҶŬԲ
Ѿ֮ǰԱǴˣЩҲرռ飬ռ͸㷢չѵĵط칫Ҫ֧֡
Ǻ糤ЦŵͷӦˡģӣǶǺֵ֧ġ
쵼˵⻰￩һ¾Ͷˡ
ôڸɲﳤģ̫˽ɲǵ̬ˡ˵ȫӦҲձɡ
쵼۽翴Ķȫĵطʱʱ̵̿Ķһطô֧֡
һˣ͹һ£ǵȻȥ󣬿Ͻ֮ڵҪչ˱ĵطˡ
ѵõĻᰡƤҪ㶫Ͼûˡ㲻Ҫ쵼û׼Ҳһȥˡ
ȻȵãرǲǮǮȥԱ¸ǾͲÿˡ
ﲻó˳ܰģܸ¶
Цŵͷ쵼ǽϵЬӡʪģ͡
Ц۶Ҳø鷳Ҳ뿿Լ߳һԸƵ·ԺҶԽԽá
쵼ǶЦɲо
Ҫ˵ΨһģǾ·ߡѩ죬쵼Ҳˣ·ϳӶȥҪôһŵͣҪôһŵѩҪŪЩʯ·ɾܸˡ
ǵ·ȷʵߡҪˣ̥ݵȥ
ǰۿ˻ҪʼûˣҲģɸո쵼һ˵ǻ̲סˡ
룬涫繫иʯ
˺Щˣ֮ǰ·ʲôģǴǱʯͷӡҲҪǮӡ
ʱö繫֧ԮһҲС
ͺͺǵʱǺͶ繫繵ͨһ£ȥһЩʯӻռһ֧֡
Ǻ糤ʱЦˡ
ãһȥͺϵ
Ȼ
ظпƤкô
ǾͲ˼쵼Ҫ˭˵Ƥģ
һǣҴռӸлĴ֧֣ʯ·޺ˣǾ츣ռӵĴ¶
ЦŰֲ֣·ˮ·һʯͷӶѣǺúøɣֻҪѣ֯˵ܰģ֯Ͽ϶ǽ
⻰ҲֻûѣϾǸ˶ϲÿ챻Ұɡ
ȻǸж͸мġ
һϲ£˸ź졣ǶδĹˡǣ쵼ǣǺ֯ϱ֤´ʱռһԱҸ
ǱЦŵͷԺҪǵĹɹġ
ӭռʱӭǡ˵
Ҫ´ˣܸӴһ·ˮ·Ǿ͸ˡ
ǻҪȥӹϵԱǳԷ顣
ͺһͳ˴ӣԶˣ˿ȻϽȥҴӸɲǱϲʯͷӽҪ绰߹磬ú칫Ͻʵˣʱ䳤ˣˡ
˵Ĳˣ񰡣զô󰡣ίҪ
Լģ۲Ҫǲ
˵ҲǡƤ˼ڡ
磬Ƥúˡ˵˵Ƥܸȡ棬ǿ˻׬ˣһ仰¶۶ʡ˶Ǯ
ǰԼҲԼҪ񲻿Ǹڣ¶ôȥˣһߣʯ·Ҳûˡ
ʱ̰ջᡣ
Ҽסˣ´¶Ҳÿڡ
̵Ҳ̫̰ˣ쵼ѹˣҲ
ʮǮ۾ֻҪëǮ˽ǵġ
ֺǺǵ
صӰ칫ҵʱ򣬰칫ſѾкЩ˵ˣԱҲϢˡ
˻ˣûɶ¶쵼ûʲôš
ԱҪﲻ㵱쵼۾ͺｲԼĴǣԼѡ
ǣͶƱȨġ
ĸɲѡ
Щ쵼֮ܲǾͼˡ
ܲۿŸǷӣǳй¶ˣҪǰ˸ȥˣǻɶͷ
ٻˣǶܱ֤ͺǵһƬġ
ǺãûǱ¡
ôӵͦ˵ģЩ˱ʲô̬֧ģĹûģ쵼ܺãһֱأ˵۶ĺãҶͣѶ﷢չĺܺá
Ǿ˿ǲġ
Ȼģ쵼һ˰˵Ҫ֧Ԯʯ·Ǵȥ·ϴδҲ޹ΰһʯͷӣԺҲһˡ
ʯ·¶üٵġ
մ󱦹ĵ׸ģҪǸǮģ
ЦŵͷֻҪԼ־ˡ
ҪǮһжð
ǰ׵һˣһϲһֹˣϻ˷ܵĲˡ
쵼Ǻøɲ
Ҫռʯ·¶ܿռʹˡ
żϢأһ
ԱǾռǲɶ˰
һһ
Ŷɵĺã쵼һˣ͸·ˣҪȻզĶ·
ȷʵǵģǰû¡˵öԣ۶﷢չˣ˾Ͱǵ¡ǰ쵼һء
ٺ٣ֹ쵼쵼ˡռͿɲһˡ
ֿģ־ýַܾһ
ߣǸ߷˼֮Ϊռǰ浲ӾԵûɶˡ
߷˼ͻعˡ
ԣο칤ǻǺġ
ԺǺ糤ٴν˱Ȼ칫ĸıûУҲռһ͡
Ժռͷչˣ칫ȫԲѧϰҲչá
Ǻ糤ʾһúõĹעռͣȡԸǵĳɹ
òǣǵȹɲǶ˿ȻЦ
糤ֱӵÿռ͸ǳˡ
Цŵͷǳˡ
˵ţϵ绰ˡ
Ҫ˵ʺõˡ
쵼æ𣬷˵𣿡
Цǡ
쵼ǽˣЬӶʪˣҿŶ䡣
ůͣûʲôɲ³Կࡣ
ҲԻʯ·ϽԺ칤Ҳ㡣ɶʱǰųȥʯӰ
ǣ
糤û˵͵Сզˣ
̧ͷûզˣҪծˡ׸жˡ
лҪ˵ôôա


118 
֪Ǹ㽨, ǵҲ, Ҫÿɲô, Щ쵼ζҪЦˡ
绰֮, ͺͶ繫绰ˡ
˵ģԼҲ¶ϾҲûڶ繫ǰͷ
繫ʯΨһĲʯˡ
Ҳʯͷɽ
ƾʯ, ǹҲ֮ǰġƽʱNɪĶˡ
κ칫ǵĳŵͺͶ繫ϵҪʯˡ
繫ЦɶѸǣ˭˵ģ
ǵ˵, ԼȥʡǺǴк, ˾Ͱ˹ȥǰ׼ð
ϺΣ㲻ǶҰɣô˵, ƾʲôƾʲôṩѽ
繫ǲˡ
칫ɶǸ˸ʲôũûеͳͷ, Ƕ繫Ǯ, Ҳ㡣
Цŵ, ҾͲ֪ƾɶˣǿǺ칫¡˭ǹɵĺã쵼ء

繫˵绰
ŵ绰æ, ̹ˡ
ƽʱЩ쵼мûںˣһسˡ
ռ͸ǳˡ
Ͻۺϰ칫ιǸģӵĽû˾͸ռ͹ȥҲһӡ
ε͹ѽ
ƵӲҫʲôȲϣ
ţ⻰˵ûռ͵ĸɲһ
㽱ǲǱȽϺáռҲͦѵġ
룬Ǹýһ¡͡´ɱɶģһȥëɶġǹԪڰɡ
Ȼ࣬ɺôҲǽ
Цˣ˵ʵڵģĴȥûɶҪǿȥռʹӣܾԼҪЦ
öȥеˡ
Ԫ͵ռ͵ġ
ռָˡβӰˣΪ̫䣬ûӰ֯˶ԼݡѧУѧʦܲ룬дӵɵĶֶӡˣﶼᷢҲôԼֺֺǡ
򵥵ĻҲøĴӹˡ
ιͽʱ򣬿ֵĳﾹȻЩж
͸º£Ҳùô
ֱ͵Ӱ칫ҡ
Ŷܿ͸ϻˣĽ죬˵ѽΣզԶһأѩģ䰡
û¶ЦˣģʯӶϵˣԴĵ绰ҹ˵ء
Цҿû·¶
Ϊͺ˵ǻڹ紫ˣǶЦ˼ˡ˵࣬ŶˣǴʯӵġ
Ҳûò˼ģʯ˳ġҸոչǻҲǴʯӵġ
Цˡ
ΪɶϲСյԭ򰡡¹˵ļٵģ⻰ž̹ů͡
аɣҹǸͽ죬Ȼ˵һʯ·飬Լųӹȥ󡭡Ǹ͵㶫ˡ
ָָϵĶǼ°Űġ
ǸɵĲǵĽأʵáȥ˰ɡ
һۣ´ɱ֮ճƷ
ʵãʱЦĸˣѩĻôõĶǲǽѩů
ɲҲЦ
մùȥǼһ£Ȼַһ¡ҪǸӸɲǷ
ǣθռůˡʳռˣӸɲһιԪڡ
μ״ֺǺǵģԼ֮ǰҺҪľٴ뻹ûġ
Է˰ɣ۲ġ
ٷóˣ۶﷢չĺãǿŹ쵼ǵ֧֣رΣשǴ֧֣˺ܴİĸлɲҲ׿ڵл
⻰Ȼ˵ĿҲռ͸ɲǵﻰ
ûй֧֣ռ͵ķչҲô˳
Ȼ֧֯ĹҲӦģ֪ͼҲҪеġ
Ҳûƴˡ
ʱ򣬴ӸɲҲõ˹罱Ķһһ´ɱӣһëһ
øɲǸ˵Ĳˡ
ֵǮǸǲܱȵġ
Ҳǹٵġ
ؼ֯Ͻģ˵֯ǿõǴҵŬϿǵĳɼġ
⻹ǵһõĽء
ӴССĸɲǶֵĲˣﻹܼȥٿڣ治ס־ӵرֵá
زֿͬ־һ̸߳ˣһߵɲζء
ǰɶǾǻӡһһ죬û˼ġ
ŵȷԵĹ֯˶ĸɲЩݵԱ׼һģӽĽʽ
Ҳһԭ
βϲʽ壬Щʽ壬ûҪһġ
ֹٵ飬͵øʽĸȻø֪
Ӿռ͵ͬ־ǽйǵļС
ɲЧԽԽˣԷĹϢʹˣҲ֯ˡֳ̨ɵģֻҪˡ
γ극ˣξͱȥʽ
ξȵô찲źˡ
ЦǵһӮҫϣʽһ㣬ôҼסٵʱ̡
ζʱˡǵһη죬ռͻǵһεýء
Ҳѹôô 
һ̣Լ̵ᵽռԱǵˣðɣҲס֪Ҿǰ֪ͨˡ
һ˵˻ֳʱԱǶ׼ˣ˿ʼĴŻֵˡ
̧ͷͦص̨׼һЩˡռӵԱͬ־ǣҺá
һ
ͬ־ǣռͽĳɼĿõġ翴ǷչԽҲãǽԺԣǺ칫ѡռӣΪģӣϣԺһֱܹ
˵ţ֣ص죬ֽС
̣ĺЩԱǶĿˡ
⽻Ĳһ죬ռ͵ռ͵߳ȥˣԺˡ
Ⱥи鸴ӡ
ûУûеõļν
ûΪκεҫ
񽫽Աǣ˵ͬ־ǣǸΣ߹쵼ǣûԺס
УԱͬ
ЦŲûУ
Уˡ
ԣġ񼤶
ҲԱǼֻˣʽˣξԱǵ̨񻹿ǳӡ
·Ц㿴۴ԱǶг徢ҶδĹҲǺĵġ
Цŵͷοռ͵ľòԽԽˡͷúá
ۻǾ仰쵼ǵְ֧ⲻҪȥʯ·ˣ۶ʱصҪ˼ܰʯӸˡ
ЦҡͷָǴء
ҲãǿҲҪԼĻˣԺɶô󳵵ĵطҲṩġ
аɣΰЦ
ΪĽůԪڣռ͵˹֣⡣
ָ֮˸ռ͵ĽᣬӸɲǵĽƷʣµģһûȫȥˣɻȽϻͶӰɻɵıȽϺõͶЩ˻ǲμӹ֮ǰ·Ա
ȫ˽ƷģֱӷǮ
ɰ˿ȼˡϴ·¶Ǳһֱأûˡ
ýͬ־ٽûõҲ١ǶҪʯ·ˣ·޺ˣѴǮѴѵǶɶҲȫǮƱ
⻰ԱȺˡ
˵ʯ·ʱ򣬷׷Ӧ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵˵ˡ


119 
һ, ռ;Ͱųӳȥʯˡ
Ҳû, ǳĸǳ·ĸ·
֪æ, óڶûɶ, Щ¶
ѧУҲæ
йԣҲѧУŰšΪҪե͹, Էѡ
ް˶ʸģҲûҪɶѧˣֻԳɼ
ͬĸλҪĿԳɼҲǲͬġ
Ҷֲμˡ
ǰ칫Աĸλ
ϴĻɼûͨϾûѡϡͼֺúѧϰ, ԾѧĻ㲻
Цŵ, Ҷӣ˵Ҫûѡզ죿
Ҷֱӵѻ죬תԱڳԷ, ˵ܲѡϣ
֪, ÿɼ
Ҷԥ, ҪҪѡۣ
ٺٵ, ѡ۵˻ͦģ©ˣ˵զ죿
°ֱԴһ, զ˵ģǵӰ
ǼԼԴ˭ǰʱŬġ
ҶĹ㻹ء㲻ͼҸ㣬ҾβУ´λҪҾͲô
ĴָҶ㣬־
ҶĶ̧°͡
ȻҲϣҶϵġ
ȻǵɲģҲ˽ģҲϣ˳Ϣ
ȻҲ˵һݰȥλãǶԱ˲
Ҷãٰȥġ
ҶͦϽˣҶ㣬ֻҪܽҾͰȥﳣפ
Ҷ˷ܵģȥ
ͷ԰˳ӴľͶǳ﹤ˡ
ڳﳣפλ˶֪࣬ĥŻҪǻѧϰΪδĸ߿׼Ͼ֪ҪߵģԶڳ
Ҷˮƽѧ϶Ѷȵġ׼֮󣬿ܸܲŪҹУ
ŵҶ˷ܵˣʹ˼Ѫһ壬Уҵȥϰһ¡쿼ˡ
Ҷ°ҡͷЩģɶˡ
̺һ̵ģΪû˵
°ԼԩǲΪŮ֪
̣ҲġҶԼ뷨ҲáҵǺ֧ܶĿġܱȻǿ
ˣھֻάˡ
Ц̣άҶ㣬ǲΪҲŮ׽ãúͺġ
⻰̺ͳ°ˣ˶ЦǰҶ¶һˡ
Щȳ극֮ȥԺ˵˵ɶʱҲܳפﰡ
ɶ㲻Ǹɵĺúõ𣿡
ţҪȥˣǲͺ֪𣿡
ڳз𣿡
ҡͷǹˣҲǴӹĹˣڳķӰ
Ͷˣȥ˳Ҳǹ˾һзӰûˣ֮ס
Щ١
ûôԶ
磬úôǮǮˣȥӡԺҲǳˡҶˣֻҪзӽĻڣ仧ءȥ仧ҲܼǳﵱֻۣҪ绰
ԣԼԺڳӡ
Ĳˡ
򷿵ǮҪɸɾģҪȻȥ˳ˣֻȥũ硣
񣺡
һѮʯ·һˡռեͳڶйҲʽˡ
йԤҪࡣ
֮ǰǵĵû˸ɣ˸ɻΪʮ¼׳եͳйһʮˡ
եͳʮֿԱԱԱں¹Ա
Щ˶ǰų׼泧֪Ĺġ
Ժ֪ˣĹҲˡ
Ϊйڶ࣬ζռͱصˣԼҼһעȻͦߡ
·͸Ƿӵʱ¶ѧУĿ
Ҳ֪οզ˭ܿϡ
ҵǲģŶԺ϶࣬ûɾ´¡
˵ҲǣҵöҼӺú飬͵ҪȻǰķⶼԲţ˵
ɶҲΣҾźϢˣ˵ǰզģզġ˻ǵŬ֮ԽԽϢˡ
˵񣬴ֲòвļӡ
ۿŶϢ˰вá
вģвİ˵ҶôϢˣ㻹ǷӸɶð
вģΪԼԸǲǱϳġ
˿ȣԴǡɲûɶ͵úúøɻ
ЦŴȤвģƾ˼򣬻ãǶϢˡ
вܣɶϢϢģϢˣҲû
Ŀԣ˲ѡˡ
ŸԱĸλͬܿͰ¼ȡ˵ˡ
ҶôǾڶοԵˣյĹ¼ȡߡԱλá
αȷʵϴζ࣬ϴξһʮ˱ҲǴܹ¼ȡ̬ġ֪ǶԼûɶģҲĻɼûɶʵˡ
Ҳ¼ȡˡ
Ҷһ
Ƕޡƽʱһһ˵һһᴵţġǺ˽۵Ĺ֮öԼģԸǣԴŵӱˡ
ҶҲ¼ȡˣЦͣҶӣ˵ʳøɻɵĺúõģɶ۰˻ˣܸ𣿻ȥʳ˴أܶԿڷŮ˼Ҽҵģð
Ҷǡ
תһ룬Լݲһˣע󣬶ʹһۣ⻰Ǹҵ˵
ͬ־ˡ
Ҷŵȥĳŵ·Ǳıġ
ööı¼ȡ˹
Ҷ칫ңЦֱˡ
񣺡̫磬й涨ģһûɳɼģԼȥ
Ҷ
վֱˣϻ˷ܣöǣǡұ¼ȡˡ
ͷ֪¼ȡҶˡ
ѽ˵ǡɶҪɶɼҲܹ治ȥʳˡ㲻֪ҸձСЦˣ˵Ůֻʳô򷹡˵ˡ
Ц˵Щûãҿɲ㡣ɶãɼǡǰԼ˵Ļ̽ȥ
Ҷ˿ȣҲûҲᰡҾͺ㽻˰ɣҶЩ쵼λɶģ˵Һ¡
ĵͷҶİɣҲЩġǰɣ㻹е㻹Ǻܺõġ
ɶ
󲻴´ҶǸȽϽˣĺ
Ҫıľһ㣬˵̸£ۻԱûУ
Ҷæͷ
׼Ǹ
ѽǿ̫ˡҶ˵
øǹ㲻ܺͼǵһ㣬͵ˣǶ쵼Цӭˡܸ˰ɫúͺġҪҾͰȥﳣפ
ЦӭˡЦǲ򵥣ֻҪܴզЦС
У⼸ǳĴʹڸɼ죬ҿһӡҪͶ㣬ͱˡ
С
Ҷ˴Լ
лҪ˵ôôաʮ׼㷢


120 
ҶƻĳһŵܹԱˡ
Ժ, о, Լŵ껹ҪеġǺбҪġ
ֱŵĺ, ҵҲаġ
Ժгٰ, Ǿˡ
һŵ꣬׼﹩ˡҲǴ
Ȼ, ҶúúѵС
Ҷ¼ȡ¶ڶҲ̸ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰҲãᣬҲߡʳøɻǸ˲١ֳ˳Ĺˡ
ԳɼҲװ׹ģĻء
һϵḶ́ҲԱǴ˺ð, ֻҪúŬ, ϸܻгϢġˣиüֱǸа, ӻͷĵ䷶
ҪǵĴӳ˲ͬ⣬Ӹɲλдˡ
ȻҲֻ룬ɲôɡʱǼҵ̫̫ˡ
°Ǹ˻ˡ
ĸ, ۵ǵȻҲǹŮϾŮ˵Ļ
ǰܵĹŮ, ûɶҵ, ԺҪĲá
ںˣŮԼŬҲڳϢˡ
̶óԼֵƱ, ȥһףһ¡
ڼԣľˣͷֹǰһٶǮʮƱء
Ҷȣ̣զôð֮ǰ˵Ϊء
̷ۣɶʱ㲻ˣСʱ㻹Ҵأǳ˾ͱˣҶ졣
Ҷ
⻹û
ǰƢǲզãǸһԡ
Լǰզôءһ㶼£Ҳ֪ɶƾԼ
̣ҴˣԺġ
̺һûӦ
Цۼ̿ɲôСأǣҶԺúý̳Ժȥˣ˺һҶ̡
һЦˡ
ۼ̶ļˡ
̵ۣЦɶ̡
񣺡
ƸĹˣҲֱϰˣûڼš
쵼ǿ˸ᣬŵ˶ðŸɻûǿҲУʱְֵĽ̡
۲ŵû⣬ϾһֱԳȥ̸ֻ̨ôզ찡
ĿľѵҪǰ˴ҾһҪ󣬿³Ǩ֮֡
ˣҪȰѵ
ģһܹġ
ͷ˶ˣҲҪʼŻԱˣ鳤೤Ҳð
ŵĶ¶ˡ
˵ļ룬˵ﶼø˵ˡ
ϹǾ˼ˣԺˡµĹܾϲԭΪϰģǰ͸Žˡ
ȻڼϢܹڳɻ̤ʵ
Ҳ˵㻰Ҷ˶͵ĴڣרŸƽʱ¶ڴڱ˸ֽв⣬Ͷߡ
˸һҳֽܽŵԱעԼҲרҵģֻܰǰ򵥵д¡
ԼѧλᣬͶΣɲˡ
Ҷ죬Щޣǰ۲ģӾͶһ
ΪáΪرҪԺŻرšίΡɲң˭ĻɼϲȥġŰ㵱Ƶģ㿼ϰ
Ҷ
ܿϲŹ֡ܿôãʹŬĽˡ
ĳҶ㣬Ϊھŵ㣬Ĳġ
Ҷ
һҶͶ־ڴˣóһ澵ӣѧϰۻԱСֲ΢Ц
й¶ˣһ¶
³ʯ·Ҳ޺ˡռ͵칫磬һ·϶ʯӡ
ʯͷȻ͹ƽǱ·ɺ̫ˡ
ҲһˡӴʱҲ½ˮˡ
ȻҲʱģʱ䳤ҲҪ⡣
ĿǰǺġ
·һߵġ
Ҳһ޵ġ
·ʯ·Ҳһθı䡣ԺǮˣ϶ҪͣĻġ
깤ڶ죬ģĸ˸ͨ·ʽ
̫شˣǵȡּһ¡
ɶ֣
зչ··ռͷչıؾ֮·ڷչ·ϣô
ã֣
ɲ͸ˡ
ൽԶ·ֵЦ
Ҫ޸·Ʒڱţ˶·á
ʵϣùӣҲ֪·ˡرռʹӺӵԱᡣ
ΪǾռʹӺ棬ͨ綼·
ǰһġ
ֲһˣһ·ռ֮󣬾ȫʯ·ˡ
ӹ·ϣ͸ˡռ͵ĵؽʱ·ǺúõģȵԼҴӵ·ϣһ
ȥֺ߶ˣռͺð˼·۲һͬǴӣΪɶôأ
ǰΪɶôء
ȻǴӸɲһ
ӲͷƤȥһռ͡
ռæ·Ȼ޺ˣ·ӻû깤أ³Ҳû깤ҼһҲڼˣæָɻлǶСӣɻɵıˡ
һӣʱӶˡ
ԹأҲ˼ԱɾԼﲻŬܳ˵ռͻܸ˳ɣ
־칫ȥ
͵͵ģû֪͵͵ȡġ
Ϊˡ񡯡
лҪ˵ôôգ


121 
ո˵绰, Լٿ֮Ҫõʱ䡣
³軹Ǻܿ, ĿֻҪ;´ѩ, ܸƬˡ
Ƭ¶ͼ򵥶, ƬܸǺá
΢һ£ܸ㶨ˡ
㿪, ׬ǮҪǮĵط̫ˡȥѧģ֮ǰðĻܹ֤δչ˳
չҵ绰׼ȥԼ·ȣͿ˹ˡ
һǡ
һˣʮ˻ûͷ׺, ҲһϺ˺˵ӡ֪Ƕǲ˵, 漰⣬˭
ȻԼҲˣ޿ɺǡ쵼ԼĹϽȡ, ǿ϶еġ
ЦŵѽҲ, ˵, նӳˡһ۾ۡ
, ɣҾǹŹġ尡ɱʹ۸ǡ
զأЦŰ, ĳĹġⲻǶǶĺܺأɻǶ
⻰͸
ЦŵǿⰡϾǶɲֹСأҲСһҲҪȽϵġ
ЦЦҲ֪Լ̫ˣͲˣ˵ҪˣҹǣҲֹܿǲǣ˵㶫
˵Ŵӿڴͳһ첼һĴ򿪣һǮһЩƱ֤

ЦᣬȥԵõģҲùĺǲǣ
æ֣ǣﲻ̤ʵϽûȥ
ǲˡ
⻹û˵Ҫ˰أֻϵ׽ġص㣬ֲ͸
ﶼգ
ˣ͵Ҹ˵ģǼġİɣǸ
ɶ廹Ǹ˵ģհ
ЦһѣҪõԼֵĺ۳ԳҲСЩ۲գⶼѪǮҪ˵֡
Ҫȥũˡ
ǣ
ЦҸ˵Ҳǵɲģ۵֯ϵĹء
ǣ
ûˣ˵ٻӣ⻹ǲ񰡣Ȼ̾һƨ棬Ҳˣû˰ҪȻҲܸ¶ǲ֪ƽʱʡʱȥ£ΪʡǮһͷ᲻Ըһ졣𣿡
ҡͷײס
ǰ治װ˵źۣǻ׺ӣˡ
̾Ϊλ˼Ϸݵô˻Ǹеࡣ
ҪС˵ӸɲɵЩ¶Ҳøλжˡ
ĸɲȻиһЩƽʱΪ﷢չҲԸµģԸΪȡ档
ǸܵҲˡ˵ǰѵʱ򣬴ˣӸɲǻ͵͵ʳÿС
Ϊû֪ʵֻ֪û˵ءֻǾôӸɲҲΪ˶µģûȥƽϡ
ҲΪռͿ˶Ա֮Сǲߡ
̾ˣǵ˵˵ǶôˣΪɶأǲһΪ˶ķչ𣿡
ͷ
Ǽ㿴ôۿǷչˣԱڳԿ࣬ﲻܣ԰ҽºƤҲǰæˡǷģ͵͵ģû˵֪ϴ̫࣬ǿ϶ҲΪѡβһˣһǿܲզ۱֤úøɣϺȡ
죬˵λƤˡ
֮ǰƤ⻹иء
˿ȣΪѵҲǸǳϰϣҪն١ҲʱûɶܰǵġûǮ֮Ҳûޡ
ǶҲ̸ˣǰɣǾзաС֣ûɶЧֲ̫ˡһϲ͵ͣһ۾˵һͳɶ״ˣûԱ
֮ܶǲϣĳ⡣
ϾֵԵģһԡϣһҲԲ˶Ͱʱ򻻲ǮŻ
ǩЭ飬ɺһ룬ǩЭˣռòǮòܰռ͸ˣҪΪһˡ
尡һҲеֻǮôأ
ʹˣЩ¶ǻģ̾п

Ǻġ
֮ǰռҲǺ˳ھĵ˵ʳԶڵһλġ
ǰڸɲǼסŵʱ˵ҲǱ֤ճɣ֤ҶܳԱ·׬ǮǾǸҸԼıˡǻϾĸ￪ˣũѡࡣ
Ժܶ˶ѡȥǮ
ȻҲһѵġһúռͲǽΧԼչ
õѡԼ⣬ҲҪŸĴһ
üһռĿǰԼеһЩ
Ĳͨˣʵ壬ϣвҲɣֶٶǲǣ
ʵҲգ
Цǲ׼յģ㶼ˣҲ˵ˣզҲҪְ
ٿǡ
뿪Ӧٿһ¡
ռԼչأզ˰
֮ǰҲûԹĻҲջȥˡ
Ҳˣû뵽¶ô˳գǩЭ֣
ЦҪǩЭ飬ҲԸǩ֡Ȼ¶Ҳ˵ģǶɲǶɲ֪ءҽҲȥʶҲͶ̸̸̸֮öͨѶԱ֪ͨһ߸ɲᡣ
Щϲƣܾûô򵥰
Ӹɶ
԰Ƕﲻ˺ܶ𣬱ĸɲǻǾҪģҪܹǳԣǲֲ𣿡
ҲǡǵͷˣԵľˣǸö׼㡣ҪֶˣǳԵ𣿡
Եģ۶ǮҼһԴ棬ϳ԰ӣԽӣϳ
ǣ
ЦЦģǮҲôԡȷʵǳԵģΪҪָϰǲеգԼе˰ɡ¶ǧ֪ʵڴôˡ
ĬĬռ͵ǵĸֲϣȷʵҪǵӡͷҲģҲĴӵġ
ߵʱ򣬿Ǻ
ڴߴߣ֡
ЦУҾȻȥˡҲˣǿþɶ
ЦӦˡ
˴ˣʵǲǻҪõôӣԼҲְ
ԣǿ϶ǹģҪǿأ
ۻôǮ𣿡
Ҳǲ·ӽ軹ǷǮء
ûǲм׳𣿼׳治ǻм۾ǻۣȻȥ֪ҲǼҼһҪġեͳѾгˣ۴ҲסһӵӣۻǳԵµġԺúˣҾÿܻġũ񿪳Եĺȵġ¿¶ҪǳˣԺӾǵֲء
ô
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


122 
ڶ, չӵ, 񶼲ҪʹӸɲġ, զҲҪµʱ䡣ǻﾭҲˡ
ʵڲоȰ, ȻٸǮ
Ȼ¶Ҫ߶һ, ֪顣
ɲǵûԵģֻǹһļƻ
ļƻ֮󣬾͸û˵ԵĻˡ
ռǮȥˣһֻ׬Ǯܹ׬Ǯ飬ǾǺ¡Ǻ֧֡
¶ͨ, , 廹ǵֲˡ
ͿʼˣваһֵӲզ죿
ǱߵֵػɣǰǺ, Ӧûɶ⡣ҲܰȥŰɡ
Ҫܰ˾ͺˣǱϾԺҪǵӡ
Ц۾ͱ̫, Ǵӻ֪զء
Ǽһﻹеµ, Ӧû⡣ε
ӵĴӸɲ֪ǳˡ
һڰ칫ҵ, Ӧ·ԱﷳĲˡ
òװǶȻˣŶ˿
ӳԸǵˮ, զ塣
Ǻ˿ˮҳ滹ֻܿСᣬ˵˵Ǿ͵һѡ
ӸɲǶĴָ϶Цˡ
ռ͵ɲǻ£Ҫ۰ǱȲǡ˶ɶ
ǺˮˣͰ˵˵
ǵǻͦģӣһ·ĥţͦáϺáȥۻԼԡ
ȷʵϺð
ҪôĳԵꣿ
ǵǾͲǹܵˣҪǩЭģǵǮũڲȱԵģȱǮûǮÿÿĲ϶᲻ǮǮˣۻҳҵƱ
ӳ壬ҿҪҳˣռեͳͺͳﵥλأʱۻ
ԣǻ
ҲЦԽáֶֻӣ¶Ƕġʱ׬ռ͵ǮռҵƷɶ¶ռȥȥ
Цֺ˿ڲ裬ͺͺСһ˵׻ˡ
¶ҪԱ˵𣿡ͨѶԱ
ˣȰ鶨֮˵ҪȻĶͺζһҹȥˣռͶסѹͲۺô죿
ӳеЦŵ壬б¡
ǿɲôҲһ͵ˣԵαǳԵ׶ࡣǵЦ
ͳһ֮廹סˣڶͨѶԱȥ鶨
ͦΪѣҶеգҴӦ¶ܲܲ죬аɣŬ˵ǣ̸ʽǩЭ顣
úúáͨѶԱ˵ŽѾˡ
ͨѶԱһߣʹ绰빫ˣѹҲ֤
εǳһզĻأ
ЦΣ㲻һẦǰɣҲˡȻռ͵ģһȺڴġȻգҲĸɲ
ҲǣҲûɶ¡εôûѹ
ûУֻҪשծˡ
κǺЦЦǲܵģҲҪǮ㷢չġ
淢չˣҲǹ緢չģǾԲǷծġӦɶʱ򻹣ɶʱ򻹡컹ǵ鷳һˣʽһ㣬ҪȻͬ־ﲻ̤ʵ
ΣУȥҲȥ֤һ֮ĺ
Ĵ£ռͻͦעʽеġ
ӺҲûҴţϾд˺ԤףռӺӺɹ
ĴӸɲǹʱ򣬿ﻹЩ˵ռͻǰǿġ
˫ɲǻк˵ſ
ǺӳҲǴк˸˵Ӱ
ǰҲû뵽һֵܹܴӽкһԣ졣
ЦԣҪһԣ㿴ǲǵȥǩˡ
ⲻҪҪ֤
ǲǻΣ
ǰǶ¶ȽעʽСôҪм֤ˣ֤ôʷԵʱ̡
Ǿ˾˰ϲʽ⡣
аɣʽ͸ʽɣ˼֤Ҳðġ
ҲûôҾõȣԼг͹ˡ
˶ˣҲȥкǺˣ
ߵĸɲ׷׵ͷǺˡ
εͷаɣǾͰ˰ɡ
ǩЭ֮ǰǻһ¾Э顣
ռͺԶⶨһݡ
ռ͵ҪǣҪһ뺵ضֲӡҪṩһճɡӵƷҲҪչļǮмաҲԺռͻͳԡ
Ҫǣռͱжնٵԭ򣬲κɾܾӡǮҲҪмգκѹֽۡ㣬һũƷծ
˫ҪһļˣֻСΧһ¡
ЭǣЭʱΪ꣬һһ뺵ֲӣȫռ͡ڶȫֲӡṩ֮ճɸռ͡ռͲκɾܽԼѹۡ
СҪҲߵġռ¿Զм֧֡
ο廹ͦôߵġ
ҲǳԿֱռ͵İ£Ķһ˰ٷ֮壬ҪĶİٷ֮һΪرԴƷӵĲ֣ÿٷ֮嶼Ҫٷ֮һꡣ
ȱžܾҪĶˣǲҲ׬˰ٷ֮˵ˣǰæҲҪģǵȥϵ֣ϵʣר˽ָⲻҪǮܲǰ׸ǲǣҪôôߣҲͲ̸ˡ
˵ֱǿӲˡ
ҲԼҪܹ˵ˡ
ӳ˳ǵӣʾþա
ǿ˿ȣЦǵȻˣӦõģҪǰ˲ǲ˵ҲҪǱġϰգʱѹեһס
ЦŵˣݻܹӮһԣ졣ҪǶԿˣ´ξͲһˣǲǣ
ӵĸɲǷ׷׵ͷ
ˣⶨЭ飬˫ĸɲǶǩӡЭ˹Ĺ£Ȼ֣صȻѾԼˣͶúøɣ𲻵¡ر壬ռͿһˡ
ΣͷİɣǶϸɲˣϺȵġϻȥԱǵôҺúӡ
ռ;͵ųӵˡ
ӳʾȰǮ׼ðɡ
մĲĵȫ綼֪ǮǷծǷծˣֻҪ˾ǮǾǮġ

лҪ˵ôôգʮ


123 
ǩЭ֮, ȥͶ˵Ϣ, , Ҫռʹһͬԣˡ
ǲҪ, Ҫżһ, ߵȵ
ǻȻһߵȵģǲȷġռˤˣúõġҶúӣ֮ǮֱǮҼһ׬Ǯˡ
Ϣô˻ˡ
ȱԵĺȵ, ȱľ׬Ǯ·ӡһǹ׬Ǯ·ӡ
ҪȻЩҲյԼҵĶȥˡ
ӻûʧ, ֮ǰߵһֻҪϸϾˡ
ԱǶԴӳɲҪߣֻҪͳɡ
֮Ҳ˻, ڼ̸ԼҵǲҲҪֵӻǮٳԵ㣬ӻǮáֱ֮Ķ
Ͼû͸ǽر˶֪, ¶Ҳ֪ˡ
ӵ쵼Ҳɶ
, Ҳûɶϡġ
ǰ, ƾɶӣǵϣ
ǵ˭֪, ǺǹϵȽϺ¡

ӵĸɲһȥռʹ
֪ôһˡ
ɣڻûͣռͻûչزԵôӣҪΪġ֮ǰԤ
Ҳ֪ǵɶԼӶôˣǻɶõĵġǶˣǳԵֻϣ֤ĳں
ϺӴӳһ
ɶһûһҪչҪеաǲеգҵǻһ취
ɶ취
ЩظǶֲǶЩԱĹ֣㣬ڷҲզ
̼͵Ĳ̶ӳɶ˼
ɶҲùܣƬؾǸˣӷԼãյĶȫǵġǾһնûˡ⻹ҪЩصĹǽҲ֮ǰЩƽճ㡣ȻҲÿ۵ǸӺͷϳɱ֤׬⡣ֵҲչַָǶԱǲϣǸǮ
ӸɲȻ񣬡ǲɵ𣿡
ɶе˼ǳ˵ķӲҲס𣿷ҲǸ˵ģǼģΪһǻһնˡ˵ʵڵģҪңԸԼ￪ģҪǵĵء
ӸɲǾ¶̫ϡˣ֪ôˡ
ָͷѡҪôԼ֣Ҫôѵظ֡Ҿô취ҲˣǶĿǰҲԼҪչģʵڴǡҲѡԼȥ취
⻹һʱĲþ
Ӹɲѡȥ
ռɲǶЩĲҪҪģ˾ͱԹЩǺζһġ
ۻǵĵطԼľԼòǡǶΪԼ﷢չɶ涼Ҫġ
ҪΪԼɶһǾǡҲҪۿĵĵطȲ˺ЩģڶԼģȷʵֲǲͣĿӣܸɻ˻϶Ҫˣʱ䳤˲УǵֵءǵԱԸֵأǲã
ָˣû׬ɶʵҲûǵģǵģǾͳһӺͷϣճˣⲿҲҪ۵ġٰ˹ȥҾͳˡۺúֲֻҪˣ׬ˡ
Ҫɶûءմ󱦵ĵ
ǶСģġ׬Ǯ¶˵׬ģҲܺǴƱװ⣬˵󻰡ǵһҲܴͷǣǵĳԿǾֻܵű˳⣬ǺȲϡ
ռ͵˵Ǵӵ͹ģҲһô飬̬Ҳ֮ǰҪúܶˡ
ǰǸӶһĽûڲˡ
Ⱦ֧ġ
˵öԣˡ
ǵľֵ֧ġ˿濼һ¡
Ҳͨˣ׷ױ̬Ը֧֡
մƽ㣬ҾۻǲҪһȫˣ࡭ӰɣµʱǿӶûˡ
⻰˹Ц
Ҳ̿󱦸İɣҲһôģҪһڿڵĳԡ֮ǰҲûôǸʵɣӣ˭ȱѡ˭ȻҲпǶͬءۿɲҪ̫ˡ
ˡ
ôһڣǶЩûʲô˵ˡ
˾սǮ¡
ǷϴǮҲս
Ȼ֪Щӻ᲻ͬ⣬İһݡ
ЩͬˣôԼʹȨ͹ռСȻЩҲǷˮƽģԲƶء
׼ƽĶ㣬֮ܺҪ۵ϺӡﻹصıעˣǼǰմ˱׼С
Աķֳɱ׼ϸյճɼ㣬ճɺþ͸Ķ࣬ճɲþ͸١ҲĿǰԱı׼ȻЩճȫǰֽ㣬κũǮı׼ҲܰмۣϾҪЩϻǮҲҪɱġ
ϸϵ⣬͵õˡ
ЩʱѾչˡ
Ѿ߳һˣѾˡҲռǴЩӵġ綼ûءռҲ͸պһѡ
Ҳֻܽʵ
ھҽҵˡ
ϺӴͲ̼ۺˣ±˺ȣҹȥռʹˡ
ռ͵ĴӸɲǰҹ뿪ȥᣬͼ˱Թ⻹м͹ˣǿץʱ䰡
ӵĸɲһãҲ֡
ֻûɶʽˡ
̼͵ĶӳǻǾ֣һԱͬߣϣܹһʱ˵Ա
˵ǣǾͰжԸĻؾˣʱͰЩԸɻˣԼ㰲ţ㹤Ҳܡǧǿũͬ־

ϺӴһ⣬Ҳ˵ԼˣУͺðˣǾ;̸̸ϸڡ
սϸǴġ
ӵĸɲµĿֹۣ˵
ϺӴӵĸɲʵҪǴˡ
ҲûɶϵֻҪ֤ǲⱾˣⲻ֮ǰҪܲǳе˷գһָûУǲǣ
˵ˣĸɲҲÿҪˡ
ռǺܹġ
˵׬⣬ϲҪĵġԱ˵ҲڶҲǰԱʳġҷҲ˵ˣǮҲĳԣԱ롣ҲһֱռͣҲÿֲڼ䣬ռͲŻáոֲ֮ʲôС
ռȷʵҲе˺ܴķա
귽֮ûɶҪĵĵطˡ
ԼЩ۸ˡ
զҪǳɣ۾ǩˡңԺҶҪˡ
ǩ̼ȱ̬
ҲǩϺӴ
ͬԱⰲŵĹˡ
лҪ˵ôôա


124 
˵ǩЭ, Ҳûô򵥡ֻǩһЭ, ԤҪ¶, Ǿ, ռȥߴһˣԼЩƤֲ, ЩԴγá
ڶŶĸɲȥȥϺӴӣ˶Ϳ˸ռեͳϻضԱᡣ
ϺӴӵĸɲҲǳͶٴ¶ʾӲΪ˶ķչѾ˾޴ŬˣԺɱԹˡ
벻ռ͸ɣǾԱԼʱˡ
Ҳ̨䡣
̨ĽĴҲˣҲϰߡ
λԱͬ־, ǵ, ǶɲѾ˵ˡܴӦǵľһ¶׬ǮǾ;׬ǮǿˣեͳҲԿҲ˵, ׬ǮǿǮȡԼֵֵĺòáԸռ͸ɵģǩ֡
۷׷׵
ʵ¶ӸɲҲҹ֪ͨ, Ҳ߸ġ
˵, ܶпʼˡ
Ȼ, Ҳû˵ʲôĵĻҲǸռ͵եͳϻشҲʵһЧҲ˶֧֡ЩҲ󾫲ࡣж־ϵ, ܱЩӵǿ
ϺӴӵĸɲóǩֵļ¼֮󣬾½½Ĺǩˡ
͵ǵ棬ڶⶨЭǩ֣ռϻؼƻ档ŵԺռֲϡ
һС˼һǴڹ״̬
һϿˡһҲǼճɣһҲǺܴʧġ
ȫ˶ۡ
˹ȥǩˣǩֻǾΧʣզȥǩ¿˭ֵ֪ваһǲˣǷǮҲˣǻզ
ǩֵϴү̣ɶռ͵˶أǰ۱ǻҪģ𡣡
ȻϴүʵڱЩˡһɵֵС˶óͳ׬Ǯˣզܿءʵڿ˾ͻͳ¡ɶҪԵġһˣûС˷Ƶġ
ֻвһ¶˾ĸռϡ
Ҳ㻹Ľˣһĺؿϡ
һռԹġ
ǩ֣ͳƳȻٻء
Ϊ˷ϻضһĺء
˵ط֮ϺӴӵĸɲĪľһգܾò̤ʵ
תһ룬Ϊʱ̫ˡ
ֲڼ䣬ǲòˡ
ȥĲ̼ʹӣҲô̡
̼ʹӵǱϺӴҪһЩ֮˲μˡ
еϸڷ涼׵ˣһãʽǩЭ顣
һһռͣռͰȥġ
һӸռֶˣȫ綼ռֶˡ
ΪһΣҲᳵ·ġ
ֻǿЭģʽ֮Ƥһ¡
ٿûɶӣҲû˵ֱǩˡ
Э飬Ƕˡ
ʱҲûɶҪŵˣռֻҪȥߴӼ¼־ˡ
ϾǿǶʱռ͵ģռ͵ùá
ЦźͲ̼ͻϺӴӵ쵼ЦǽĹɶˡɵϲˡ

ߵĴӸɲǴŹΡ
Ҳû취ѽһ˭Ҳ֪զһզ죿ôţǲҲԱи
ҪǵһֳɹˣԺٺúֲ¡
˲̼ͺϺӴӣҲûߣҡͷ̾칫ҡ
濴Э飬̾治֪׼ɶˣ˵˵ô̯ܵ𣿡
Эڳ棬Ц̯ӻѾСˡʵҲûɶǺǰֵأǾǸһЩӺͷ϶ѡҪ׬ˣǽճҲԶܶˡ
ҡͷǶϺ꣬ǺЩһԵġ
Ϊ⣬˳˵ԿǸҾеȳԵԺܻкôġ
οЦã̬ͦãͲȥϣǵԼ֣
ɱȽϵ͡ٺЦЦ˵ˣԼֵĲű֤һҪȻһǱһ㣬͵Ŀζһˡ
ͦ˭ǸпڳԵľͲˡ
Цн
ǲԺϰ˶أһƷĲã׾ͱˣĺãõĿڱǾһֱ
δĳͼš
ÿ󳧶Լԭֲصġ⻹ССء
ıȽԶļƻδ칫綼ܳΪͻء
ֻ⵨ررڡ
ҲÿǸޣҲڹ統쵼ġҪȻǺ칫ָڱڳʲôˡ
¶λ˹磬Ҳͺǻ糤㱨һ¡
ϴֵӣҲһӣҲû˵ɶ
Ӹϣǵ˵һġ
֮Ҳǲˣɶ
糤о̼ͺϺӴռϴıˣӲԱհǳ
ǲ۸ˣЩͬ־֪۸ͬ־֪ŵġ
ЦŵŵҲǣСǸӣͦġҲЩԱɡȷʵ۽Ҳͦ󣬲ֹռһصġ
ǵӴ˵㡣ˣ¶ѾˣҲܲˣ찡ͷõ㲦һӣǶռͣǺúѧϰȥѪġ
糤ͷҴ֪ͨᣬ˵˵¶һȺ󨡣
ռͺͲ̼ͻϺӴǩЭϢܿʹȥˡ
Щӻ׼ȥռʾͱ糤֪ͨȥݺݵһ١ֲҪΪʾܱӡ
糤ƽʱɤžʹ˵Ҳرƣһˣôɽѹһ
ȥռˣǵûôЩȵģԼƤڲڣ
壬̼ͻϺӴӵĸɲͷ档
ĴӾ;ԩˡ
˻ûռأͱˡ
ЩĸɲҲȥռˣֻܵȷȥˣԺлٿ
˽꺵ȡһϣֱռ;ˡ
û֪ͨȥᣬԲ֪¶͵͵绰˵¶
˲㶼̲סЦˣ⡭Եǲر𲻵صԸĺϵ˼һˣԺŶΰ
εǣǸôһµġ˶ĻɲˣԽԽͣûһı¡εԼѧŰ£ǡɣǺ糤Ҳ˵ˣҪŪˣúõķչӣʱ̴̯ˣܲ𡣿ĻԱ
ӦˣУԺҿ϶СĽ
УǾͦ׵ģ껯ʣǶּ
⻰˵ȭͷ쵼ðҺúøл쵼˹ȻûƭˣԿǸ
ˣԺٳԵÿζµġҲǿǰĴԱԭŲǵġ
ҶҶ쵼ǵľ߹ȻӢġȻζǴӵչ˺͹ģǾǵһλġ
Σˣƨˣһף
Ȼô˵ǴЦġ
úøɣȡ˷չã⣡
ռͱ֤񣡡
˵绰֮ͿЦ
͵쵼֪ȫȫİ緢չ
лҪ˵ôôա˵


125 
ûдˡĹ˰, ռʹӵĸɲҲ˺ܶࡣ
¶ֵ׼ꡣ
ﵽҪǮ, ׼ŵӰ˹ŵӰ
ӰԺûа취ͣ, ΪҲҪչ˳﹤ǵ, ƽʱУ, ͣ
׼ʮʹһŵģҲȽҪҽѮŹ꣬ĺܶũҪʼˣɵȺٷŵӰҲûǸʱ, ҲûǸζ
ǷŵӰķӳԱǸ˸, ӰɣǿϷӳϷԱͬ־ǿ϶ϲϷɡ
һʵϷӲͣ𣿡
֪, Ϊȥʮ˶ϷӶɢˣóϷˡ
ӳԱС, ǹȥ, ⲻɶ, ûиίᵽٱץ ЩܵŪڷ԰ɣҹϵҪȥλϷء˼ҲǮ, ֻҪʳˡ
ֻҪʳ
ǰǮҲҪǲʽϷӣǮڳԵľˡǲ֪Щ˳˳ϷҲᣬЩ겻ܳϷӹզġЩλҵһ룬³¡
⻹ǱȥЩŪˡһ˹ȥЩ飬ʱˡλ쵼Ƕðա
ɲ£֪δֻԽԽɣҶǻľϲϷ
ҪϷӿʡºöǮԴӴһʮء
ͬ־ǰɣҸȷѡ
ӳԱǣ
զأǸҳҾ͸롣ȳɣҳӳ͡ĺãһ۶ɲȱ͡
УҸˡ
ӳԱҲ˰ϾҲ˳ϷģܹæǵȻˡ
˾Ƿ㣬ӳԱֱǰϷӵϰư
ưֵ¾һȺϷģȻûˣǶϵϡЩ˲ˣǻǰⱾ´˺ˡ
Ϸܳġ
ưʾȸʳȥϷ
ȳٸ
ǽֵꡣ
ư˵ûͦΡ
Щ꣬β͵ġ겻һոµһꡣԴ˵شҲ·𿴵ϣһУ˵ã۳Ϸļһܲô㣬·ɶҲȫЩɶûˡɤӻڡ
ҲƽϣЦֻҪúãɶСȸʳǵüֳǿɾָء
ư˵˶ܣöС
ټϷӵ˾ǻưȥ죬ֻԼ˵ʱ˵ʱѡ
ҲҪɶֻҪ̨ӡ
ȥͺͶ˵¶
ŵŴ죬ܳ𣿡
զܳأǾİɣûץġڸίͷͷץˣβأǣ۾ͰЩɸȥô˻ǣֻǵʱץҵʱǿɱһ߿ˡ

һЦ£ֻҪԱ˾ͺá
εǵģ۱Ȳˡ
öԱ浱Լӳˣ˾ͺá
ЦЦɶΪʡǮ
ԺϷɲءű˶
ϷˣȻ˵Ĳˡ
ֺǺǵøĳ°򼸸һ¡
˵ˣûϷ˰
öˣֻĿʼûϷˣóϷûˡ
񰡣Ϸˣ
ЦŵˣֻҪǰǴӴһʮ嶼С
˭Ǹ򰡣ͳˡ
̻Ǻ᲻õġ
ȻҲ֪ʮ壬ҲǺ˼ҿĶѡ
ϾҪɻˣûǸʱ
Ժڣ룬쳪ϷϿӰ
Ҳ̫ˡ
̴ϸڣ˷Ȳĳȥ֪ͨЩϽˡ
Ǻ˲һӰֻϡ棬ҪϲϲϷ
ϲѽѽ
Ǹ˵ĲˡΧһŵʱɶϷЩ˶ǵǰϷɶˡõòˡ
ʱ򣬾ͿģڴڵĴ£һȺ̫̫ΧŻǱ¶
ԼͬǹһıΧš
·ʱصغһ̡ͷһۣڰ־Ͱˡ
Ҳҹȥʣֱӻؼˡ·ֿ˺ܶש飬Զǵ·
һ·Ŀɿڴġ
˼Ŵ°ͬ־˶¶
һѧڲô¶˵ЦԼ۹Ǻðһͼ׷ˡ
°úѧû׼㻹ܴӹȡѧأʱǴѧˡ
һ׼ҽ˵أѧھͲȥѧУˡ
°˵òѧϰĻᣬ㲻ȥѧУȥ
ǵģҸпαҶѧˣʦǽ̶ûˣڶѧϰϴʦǽΣýرãʦˮƽˡ
вǰѧ𣬱ҵ֤ò
Ҳͦġ
ҲΪƾѧϰĻᡣ
¶°ͬ⡣
Ϊˣؼ˵¶ȻһڴӦˡ
˵ˡ
°żǸвǰ⻹һѧھͱҵء
ֻҪѧĺãûбҵ֤Ҳȥѧдѧҵ֤бҵ֤ɶðȥУҲΪѧ汾µġԼαѧˣѧµ֪ʶڼѧ¡ʵᣬҲ׼ôŵġ
ʽĽֻڶҲ˶೤ʱˡ
ôĽԴȻÿɾѧˡ
궼û׼ϢأҲ׼ȥСѧϰ
Լֱ֪ˣ۾Ŀ񣬡㣬׽㰡
Ҷ׽㻹ء
϶ġ
Ҷ
°˵ô϶͵ȥѧ𣿡
̶ͷˣҼ˵Ļǻлɵģ
˭֪˵˵һ
°аɣһúúѧ
ȻչˣָгϢѧġ
һӵԸ
裬İɣһúѧ
ĺףҲԺ㱣ֻ֤ҪѧĺãڶãҽͰȥѧ
ģ㣬úѧġĶ״ˡ
Цŵͷѧˣ߿Ȼϴѧ
Ȼ֪ͷˣĻһѡ㣡
Ҫˡ
׽㰡
ҶﶼˮˡתһҲԣ⻹ء
ռ˶Ļֻ϶ϴѧġ
żҪһѧˣ˵Ĳˡ
үүвĶһСء
ռ˸ˣռ˼ҲĻϲӭӴڡǷӸǳ·׮׮Ǻ¡
껹Ϸء
ΪʮҪϷʮžͿʼ̨ˡ
ΪѮˣرãҲûôˡϷá
Щեͳ۵ϴοӰ׬Ǯˡ
ȻǮҲһС밡رҪЩء
Ҳ࣬ҲǮء
ľڶ׼ˡ
Ҷ
Ҷ͵ġ
ۻԱúøɣҪȻȥͶ㡣
Ҷ治׸磡
лҪ˵ôôաʮ


126 
ռҪϷ¶ȻӵԱ, ԶİŵӹϷΪǴڼ, ڼϢ, ϼҴڵ, ˻ͦࡣ
Ϊӵ˹ˣռͶԵ, ġ
ȻԱǺܷЩӵԼλãҲɷϣ˶ȷʵҲְ
û˼λÿӰվԶϷӳϷ
ưһ˶ʱģﳪϷļһﶼûˣ·ʱƴյ, ܲ档Ψһľǻױͦģ, Ķˡ
Ϊ˶̨࣬ϵʵҲ˶ԶܶҲ̨ӣǴϲǱ߼š
ʵľ֡
½Ҳ, ҲûȥҲǺϲϷģҲϲ֡
½ڵ, ô, оﶼˡϷĶϷ, ˵ģʲôʱҲܻصȥ飿
ҲЩп
ԼڹĵǲˣҲŻصȥ, Щȫصͬ£ͬѧǣҲܲζ
λʦҪô룬ϷĳϷˣʦҲûصˡһжõķ淢չ𣿡
½֪̬ãЦ
˵治ƭ˵ģҪȥˣһȥԺ󻹲֪ûлء
ռ͵Ϸûĳʮ壬ֻ³ͣˣҼһ¿ʼˡ
ڼ䵹ǻ˵ˮЩռ͹ĺõԱ׼ȥ淢ռͳϷȻǰͨ淢úô
¶֪ˣֱӰЩץһ٣ģȺʺôϷأϷˣ⻹׼ռ׬Ǯأ£Ӷǲ
ΪԱǼල浹ûˮˡ
˵ģ֪Щ¶
ȥЩʺһ١
Цˣʲôˣⲻǹȥˡ
ﻹǲģ־ңҺﻹģûϷǰǲ֪ôġ
Ϊϡָſ׬Ǯء԰׬Ǯ¶Զʳ
ͷĬĬİ⻰ˡ

ڼϷû
֮ԱǸиɾˡ
ҲעԱǾֵԭ򡣼ϷܸӪһķΧ³ԵĺȵҲûƣǹΧܸǴ
ḻˣľͺ˵ˡ
ûʮأռ͵եͳ³Ϳˡγ治֮ǰܱȵġ
ֹҸŵİ칫Ҷȫֿⶼżġ
ΨһҾԺǽûüҲ׼ˣôȰңԺǽ衣
³иƻ֮ǰͺͶˣøȡ֡
֮ǰͽռեͳԺҪԶĵطĳеġ
ȡȽͨõ֣һֺüǣ־øߴϵġ
С졣
ں칫ģȡСҲϵλãϾռض̫СˡȻСһڳֻиɵúõĵλŻС졣۽С죬۾͸ɵĺá
һ㣬ĿǰܳĺߴϡӸСֲҲմ
ȥ˵ռͣ˭֪˵ĳû
Ȼ뷨Ҳ˵ЩӶͶġ
ռ͵ĸɲǾ͸ûˡǿ岻
ҲûɶƷʶֻǸӾˡ
֮ǰռͳڽСͳҲС
дСͳ֡
ǰͳ˸ʳ֣ԺҪũƷˡ
ü֮󣬶ԼľͷˢᣬȻëдĺõϽڰæдơ
ӵ׼ɵĽУȫòˣǮŴӻմ󱦺ͳĻƸһȥеҪ
δǮ֮ǰζˣαֵĵʮ㣬칫ҾͰװǮİˣİǮˣĻ˰ɡ
ȣôͰѳˣ
ǿɲҶûûҹĽأ´ѩûͣ
Ƕǹƴġ
ˡ
ʵͷɻŬռôձĻǺٵġ
رǳиоˣǰЩ깤ȷʵŬҪĹ⼸꣬ͷͲǰˡ
ܾЩڷ仯
ٺ٣ֹأǶӷֱŪֲغֲءǲֹͣӡ
ȵôģ
˵ͦģǳаˡԺ۲ȱȱͣû׼ɵĺãզͰѳء
˵еٿϵǮĲˡ
׬ǮҲǵ˶ͣ׬˶Ǯˡ
ǿܲϵѡ
Ĵָ͡
ЦЦǳǽԿ߰ɣǶλ˾֤ˣܿȥ
ǶСӵҲͦ
˵¶̲סˣǶզģͦĻȳСӲ˻飬Ҳ󡣡
ĵǵȻˣǿɶǽްˣǧϸѡ֮ѡĺӣﻹЦŵһ㡣ɱˡǶ˻кܶء
ѹǶ﷢չáпҪҶǶҪˡǺѽ
֪ǿǧˣǳҪأȻȲǣɺôһžء
ЦЦУҲˣҵ֧ǷչߣҴȥȥ
Ǯɾͼ򵥶ˡ
һֽǮһֽǰ׼õġ
ǳ鷳㣬ԴǷӣ쵼ǩˣܰѳˡ
ľɣ֮ſڳӵȥˡ
Ȼּ鷢
񲻶֪е϶ռռ˵ģֱӵⷢǽ֮ǰİɣҰ־ǹܺڵģϹ
˸ﰵǩǷ֮ŷֵġ
һ˼Ϊѵû취Ҳû취𿴳ɣȫҪأɳ򡣳Ǿˣɺôð
Цף⡣򵽳ѾܸлеˣôܻԹأİɡ
⻰˵ǻЩ˼ˡ
ôˣˡ
û취Ϊ쵼Ϊ밡
һҲΪѰһȥˣҪǶԹˣ컹λء
ǺϵҲ̫ˡ
Ҳÿ
ͼ㲹ȣҪ
֣Ǯ̸ˣҲ˵ˡȥģԵ˫ûš
˵Ŷ֣ˡ
Ҫô
ɣҪҴŪ㲥豸ҴȥǶ˶ӣʶȥǾͲƽɶˡ
ҸȥŪ
Ͽ쵼ˣզܲʶɶءǳԼҲʶˣɵֻǺϵ˽˹ϵã̸ҲãǮǮѹѹۡ
˵Ǯǵ飬Ӧˡ
ʶȷʵ࣬˽˹ϵҲá
򼸸绰ڸһʣʵˡ㲥վҵ豸
ҲǾɵġ
˵绰ʹȥ̸ˡѹ˼ۡĲԼǮ
˹ϵͰ˳ˡ
໨һʮǮŪһ׾ɵĹ㲥豸ȻⶫҲͦ򵥣ǴһߵĻͲƽʱԸ֪ͨ
ȥʱڻϣ»Ź㲥豸ȥˡ
մ󱦻ǶԻеЩԹǿˡҪǷֵ硭
ֵͲҪˣ
մ󱦣ǿ϶Ҫġ
Цû¶Ҳǰռڻûչ׳˵ҲûôķֻȳԵѶ֡Щһ죬ǵÿǹӵġ󱦸磬Ҫ뷢չ͵ԵһҲˡĿĴɣǾ׬ˡ
մĿڣЦҲǵʱ䳤ˣͰСǮ
Цͬ־ǲ豸ʡµǮ̹ˡ
մ󱦻ģĴ̣ȻЦ豸׬ˡ
Ц׬˾С׬Ż᳤á
лҪ˵ôôգд㣬ֳٵˡ


127 
ռ͵Ļ, еһʱҪ䶯
, ȴġȻûǮ, Աǲ¶, ֻ֪ⶫģռ͵ľˡ
ʱ, Ŵ绹ûϹʱġ
ӸյڣͰܿ;͵ŵԱˣһѷ·ܣӭռ͵һ
ŻŴ컨ſ˶ԱǶ˵Ļ, Ц
ôĳ
⳵, ܱȡ
ҵĶӽɣСѧ˿֮󣬺ͳһˡ
ǰ̼ҵҲˣǰͺһ, ڿŶˡ
ȥˣܲ˵λǮȥѧġӿǴ󷽡
⻰˵е, Ľ
̼ҵļ˺ļ˶Ĳ, Լҵ޳ȥ˼, ʹѧῪôĳˣ̫˲ˡ
лӵ
СӽĽ˶, һֱͣ³ſڡ
ȳͣˣܶຢǶչȥҪ档Ųǰȥ°ôõĶˡ
Ͼͷгأ˵Ǵˡ
û³վڳϳ溰λǣҰѳӺեͳ»ˣԺռԼĴˣиեͻˡЩ϶ȥԣ
Ǻģ
ĺã
˻ϲĺţŽż⿴Ķ
ЦֹˣԺв豸ˣ۸ŪʱÿǷ
ʵͺ͹һﺰֶõ𣿡
Ǹ
ǿء
Ǻ
ԱǸϲˡƽʱûɶֵĻҪǿǺء
Ҫ˵ǽԺⲥ豸Ǿʵˡ
ǸйϵϾƽʱõġ߶б£ȥʱֻ˵ʱණˡ
³ʱ׼õǾͰŴӳжˡһ̨̨Ŵ컨Ļ̧µĳ棬ԤʾԺռСͳҪʽˡ
ΪҪžпʽֻѻ̧˳档Ҳܽȥ
ж֮𿪻Сȥװ豸
ȥѧ˲ٱأֹѧҲѧһЩ繤֪ʶ
Ǵũȥģ֪ѧĻѣζǮǳѧǾͲ˷Ǯɾѧɶѧɶ
ȥſ֣һϳˣ˺ˣȥϹ˲кӹ
ҲЦȥæɣԺ۶⳵ӲʱÿǽһγлġװˣҴҲǽﶼ
˵ʵڵģ治ߣ࿴ۿɶĶװãɿɶﻹϹֻĿŴһϣЦݵȥϹȥ·ӡ
ӸɲǸոն֣ҶˣǸȻڳﵽ˵춼ֿˡ
ð⳵ð
ǲܱȡ
û뵽ռһ컹ôõĳ϶ܹ󣬲ɡ
ѵð
һǰǶ˵ˣһгһõʱŶء
˭뵽ôõĳӰ
공ӣȥ￴Щµ豸ԽԽԺ֮ǰ඼û׷ѵģô̵ʱõĶֵ֮ǰöˡ
ҲûǣǺúõһ̵ϲõ顣
һ࣬ҪŵʵʵڵĶС
ûԷȥʱ򣬹˷ˣ°صظ˺ɰˣڵĳš
̿ſˣ̫ˣöӣڳ˷ٻġ
߳ԷЦ̣ⲻǸŴϹ֮ǰôҿӡҶˣһ£ɻоˡ
̾ŮǴЩ滹ɵ
̫ˣ̫Ϊˡ
Ҳ֪˭ˡֹ϶ǸТӵġռˣ˵ˣûġ
ֹ⻰ĵͷԷ
豸װһװáѧУѧҲҪ¹ˡ׻ϲĹȥ
˵ĻͲǰװ½ͳԱߵİ칫ģǰװڴλáһȣΧԴԶ
ιιϲܽϴˡ
Ц봵ĴүһֵӻӣǸһǵĹ㲥豸
ռƽһЩϲһ֣ƽɶҲģǺרҵҲ
һóԼıӲ
ܿ죬ռͶĵӡ
Աǻڵɻһˣķ˿ϲĲˡ
װ
кռĽһĴҲԼˣ֪ռʹģΪɶ
Զռɶ֡
ռ͵ԱվԼصûɶ֣װ˸ġûɶϡġ

ڶ죬ռСͳ;³ʽˡ
ιĴ쵼ǶˡϴСѧĻȫ
Ǻ糤½ɵĳҲϲá
ϴʱ⻹һƬĵأʱͶ˸ˡ
Ľ谡
رǿռ͵»İڷڳŴ컨ͣڳſڣɲҲһƬ
̤̤ʵʵͶɹǸռӡ
ռӵԱǵ棬ǺһסƵƬ첼
Сͳ־ͳڴǰˡԱǼĹơ
ҲܼرǿСָ֣оܾ⳧ӵֻᴫĺԶԶ
С찡֡
񽫻ͲݸοЦݵĿԱǡ
Сͳɹĵһ죬ҲռͶɹһ졣ΪǽԺⲻռ͵ĸɲǸɵĺãҲǸλԱͬ־ŬͶĳɹڴҵϣСͳͬһ㣬ӭչ
豸ǵĺԶÿԱǶЩ
ɲ϶ǵͶɹ϶ǵﶼɡ
Щȥӣ̲סӯ
Ⱥ˵֮ʱ
۲ԱǿųƣôĳӣҲܸп
ߵͬǣûУϱĵӸˡǵ̨Ҳˡûоر˷ܣǵδˡ
ͬ־Щѹģ⻰Ҳ̲ס鼤ǰѹˣ̨ˡǷӵĿռˡ
Ժøĵӻ﷢չĸã
أ⻰ʱӿĳ֮飬
Σеʶ
Ҳ̲סɵΣ۾͸һҵˣ
ҶڱţĿ
ǹӵӣֿʼðˮˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


128 
СͳĻʼ֮, ӾѸٵĽ״̬
۲ҲѸٵĶ
ĿǰسԼгûб, ռСͳչĺʱ
֮ǰСʱڵĶ, ЩԱѾܳ, Լһ·Ҳ˴ѧϰ
һ黹治Ҫġ
ԭϷÿƺáرǽռͿϻػֲء
ڽʼ֮ǰռֵƷҲѾʼƹˡ
ӷ浹û, Ҫʡ
ǹǼáǵÿԼǮ򡣱ķܽʡֲ棬Ǿһ㶼ʡǮġ
򻯷ʵ·ҲˣʡǱ߶ˣóȥҲܻʵڲ, Ǯ, ҲóһǮ
ؼҪĶ࣬ǾͻѶࡣ
ͳ￪˸ڴ򻯷ʵĻ顣
ɲǶڶķչʮֵ֧ġ
һĻʼƻЩûܡ
˵ģӵеĵ, ̼ͣϺӴǱߵĵҲҪʡ
˲ˡʿɲǱ˶ҪǮġ
˵ʵڵ, Ȼռ֮, ʳȷʵ, ʵÿ깩ӦĻҲǲġÿĻʣǶڲƶأʵص, ظֲʣֻũҷʡΪɶԼأһ򲻵Ҳ᲻á
մ󱦵ǣԼĵҲ˵̼Ҳǿ˰ǾϣǵҲһֱǵġ
Цɶ۵ʱЭ鲻˵𣬽ǵطãҪ۳ǵĻʺӳɱġ
иɲһ㶣һ
մ۾ˣҲ˵
ͷҵʱûǣͻȻġ
ɲǶЦ⻰˭˭ɵӡ
Ǿ˵ˣܳԿˣ
˵ˣЩ˶ûӻ˽Լȥ򻯷ðɡûĸֵسɱġ
Ǿûɶ᲻õˡʱ򻯷ʳɱҪ۵ģ൱ǲ̼ǵĴǮĻʡ
ɲǶЦĺϲ£졣
ЦʱǴҪ֪ˣ᲻Ƕ
ҲǶԸŰϾõĶˣʳҲĺãһϵԱҲܶճˡ
һЦ
ʹ켫ˡ
ЩǵǶҪôء
Ϊһ⣬ӵĸɲǵûɶ˵ˡȻԼҲҪͳǮ򻯷ʣҲռĴӱء
ռ˵˭Ǿ͵ռ
Ϊ¶׼һ˻ʳȥ̸ʵ¶
ȻΪԱ֪ĸ򻯷¶ҲרŸ֪ͨһ
û֪ʶеھˡ
Ļиоֵصνڡ
ǣ˵Ҫȥ򻯷ˣ
ʵ
Цǰʦˣˣ־ˡ
ڵڶۻҪ㡣˵Ҫȥ򻯷ʣҾ㽨顣
Щ֪ʶӵĽ飬Ǻӵģ˵
ھͰԼ֮ǰд嵭óˣһѻѧʽ
˵ʵڵģʶţЩ֮Ҳö಻ʶˡȻѧΧ
νЦǣǺһоֳ̽ģռͱرȽЧĻȡȥƬĵأиС䲻ǳıطǾҺʵģΪ˱ֽʵ飬ȻĿǰûӣȷʵԼʮЧʵģ㲥ҪĻʣǾûǸù˵һ
ʱд˻ѧʽ嵥ʵ̫ˡ
Ҳϲ
ʦʦǲ˵ֻҪʩʣǲӣ
ڵԣȻӵĲ̫󣬵ص÷ˡ֪ȽҪǻԡΪ꣬ǻġ
϶ش𣬾ϲѡǾ仰ЦЦû˵Ȳ꣬ҾҪ뿪
ллǣʦʦռ͸ôʦǡĵĸмǡ
ЦлʲôҲҪл㣬˷ӵءѧãҲǵΡ
ʦҲЦǰ񶼺ܴӣܻϣǿ˹δչҲһ˵ǻллǣռˡ治ʺϰ
ϵʱռһὨĸõġ
嵥򻯷ʾ͸еˡ
Ǻһġ
Żմ󱦣߷ͷж
ʡǵĻʳĺƫƧǹģͦ
µλʱǶɶ쵼ӴֻһڵνӴ
ҲֻǿĽӴһ¡
ûɶ뷨ϾڹӪԸʱָ˼ҵλɶ̬ȣ
ֻ֮ǰĻʵ¶ûôˡ
λǮֱӵͬ־ﶼҪ򻯷ʵҲԣǵǮ⻹ǵصĹ硢Լ쵼ʾʡ쵼ҲҪʾС
ЦˣȻĻʶ࣬ҲȫҲһӵģҪٻʣ
㻯ʻҪһһ˵ֲˣĸЩ쵼ǵˡ
͹δˡ
ʵ֯ϸʳҪĹӦģֻһЩòԣıȽ١ʳԼ㣬ԸɴĬЩЩӦ֯ҲǵʳҲûôϸĹܿء
һ£ռҪġ
ǮΣǿɲǳֻҪĶѡҪʾ𣿡
ǮεûʲôģǸصѾ͹ȥˡƽʱǸǹˣҪҲʱӴˣҲҪǲǣ޹زɷԲ
ˣú˵뷨ûˡλȻǲú̸ġ
Ҫأÿļ涨ҪӦģձ׼ǻʳܴľء
ǮξЩˡͬ־Щ档
ҪΪʱųͣЩŶġ
ȻҪҲһԲбͳ
ɫͿʼЩˡ
ɲɫòãòЦǮΣռʹȥ걻ũҵѡΪũʵص¶㻹֪ɡ
Ǯεǣ
ǰǡһѣҪڵ绰ũҵʡ˳˵˵ֲˣûʣֲʲôѽũҵʣͻصʮǰ˵ǲǣ
Ǯɫˡ
ëĲˡ
֪˵Ǽٵġ
ҲҶģһ绰ȥˣŮͬ־ô˵ˣʹˡ
ũҵִ绰ʡʱҪ׷εġ
˼룬Ȱ¶ˣͷ͵͵һҪƭ˵ģԺúͳ쵼˵˵һӡ
лҪ˵ôôգ쵢ˣ ôôաʮ


129 
Ȼʵ, ȸذˡȻ, ȫΪΪ֧ũҵзĹԺɲˡ
Ц, ҵøлǶ֧֡
ǮαŤЦЦ
Ǯεİæ, Ҳ졣
֮ýŲѵմ￴ŷ, ȥ绰
մĽˡ
ûʡǣط̫ˣӦ
رǺִʡǣλ쵼̸Ǹˡո쵼ý˵ Ȼһ㶼, Ӳˡ
ؼǻӮˡ
ڻЩ, ܾ顣֪ûɶء
Ҫһţͺˣ,
һ˷ˡ
ɶ, Ǻ򻯷, ֲ͵ֲġ

˵𣿡ʵ, ȥҲȷʵֲﰡ˵𣿡

մ󱦻ǵģһ˼Ҿǽ, ǵ˻ȥأʡǳء
ȥ绰ȱ
մ󱦾ȣۻоȱ
УȻС֯Ŀɽ
մ󱦣
Ҫ˵ȥǵĻˡ
˵͸ϽȥĹվˡʳ˶࣬Ȼƫͨ˳ġ
ʾ֣ȥŶӣȻͳСҵ˺룬ֵʱֱӲͨ˺ũҵΰ칫ҵĵ绰
øлٻͬ־ﻹеλĵ칫ҵ绰ˡ
绰֮ͨ͸˵ĺһκá
ũҵֵһӻûӦʵĸλģ
ҰΣռʹӵģϴռʹӵĻĵΪ
ŵòѵ绰Ͳˣ˿Աߣ±һ
治֪Լ֮ǰٻ
һŶ㰡
ǰΣǵҰҿһֱлءԴʶӢۣǳΪ֮ǶԱɻоˣĺá
ǾͺǾͺãû¶Ҿ͹ҡ
¶Σ绰ġϴΪũûеǶ뷨ܻԸֵĺܺãԼԱҲúˣȻûǻ׼׼򻯷ʡ
ûٻΪһ֮˿
֮ǰҲԼûٰռΪʵأҲúܽԺ
ɺٻܵӰˣﵱȻҲ鰡ҪռµӺͻȡˣǲ¶
ٻܹҹȥǾ͸ˡ
ٻӻǺܻģǱܺãܹķչũҵֲǺܺõ顣Һο
Ҳøˣ鷳ˣⲻˣũҵֲռͶѡΪ쵼һΪũҵչĺ쵼쵼ɲܲǰ
üͷһ壬ʲôˣ
Ͱѻʳ˵һͨ˵˵ôΪũͬ־ĵλǻʵءũҵֶûǾ֮⣬ʡǻʳƾʲôΣɵð˵仰˵ʵڵģҪ¶ˣҲ绰鷳ũֲҵ¶Ҷ뿪ǴſˡҾ´βǻˡ
γ˿֪ٻæˡ
룬æǵð
ñӶˣ˵ȥ
ȻؼǣҲ֪ǿǺٻйصġ
ȷʵҲٻûϵͺٻ˵ǻһǾռǸӺܻϣ뷨Բġ
֪ˣĵλǱ׷Ρ֯϶ũͬ־ֲǺܹĵģӰũҵֲΪǱ𡣡
Σ׷ξͱ˰ɣҲ˽ռ͵ʡԺϾҲҪûʵġ
ţаɣҾ͹һ¡СհǱϾǻɲԺĻҪԼȥѡǱϾԶˮȲ˽𡣡
˼Ժ绰ˡ
Σ֪ˣԺһ⡣
˵绰֮ͦۻѵġ
⻰Ѷ󰡡
ˣǺֵġ
ԼĿڴ
ȻԼСУũҵε绰Աߴ˸档
Ժ绰Ͳôˡ
ι˵绰֮󣬾ͷһµ绰ҵ˻ʡǵũҵֵĵ绰롣
Щλ֮䶼Ҫϵġ
֮ǰ˵ô࣬˵׷ΣʵҲ¶
Ͼ֯ϵͬ־ܲΪһЩ͸ũҵͬ־˦ɫҲûȨޡ
Ǹ˴кеġ
Ҳû˵ģ˵ȥΪغ칫ռʹӹũûеģũҵָһЧǺܲġΪ뵢ֲûǻǽռʹΪһ۲󣬿ƹΡ
ȻռӽҪȥ򻯷ʣϣũҵ߸صĻʳ֪ͨһһҪӰũ
һṩ㹻ĻʣӦõ飬ǻصش绰ˣ˵¶ˡ
ũҵֵͬ־͸ʳ绰ˣ˵ṩӦҪӰũҵ
ȥʳ·ڵţ̸ͻˣȻһϻȥʳ
զŰԼʱ𣿡
ûɶҾˡ
ࣺ
˿صʳʱһ۾ںմ󱦽
մ󱦹װ򶨵ӣǻ˸Ȼš
ǻˣָָǻˡ
ӳ
һϸһ£մ󱦣ǣ
ԣͬ־˺ܺõģίǶء

˳߹ͬ־ãռӵͬ־ɣǻʡĸԬ
һԭԬá
Ԭģ˵ǹ򻯷ʣǾ˽һ󹻲Ҫȥ칫ž̸̸
ۻʣȻͷУԬô˵ˣչռء
Ԭȥ
մ󱦣զˣ
ӳմ󱦣󱦸磬զ°
մ󱦵Ҳ֪զ°ͻȻһǲռ͵ģǻʹңɶҲ˵
ȥǵģ
մ󱦻ҡͷɶҲ֪ңҡ
񣺡
Ԭ˰칫ң쵼ͦ˲裬ɱȸոǮҪˡ
Ԭռ͵ҲǸ֪ġԭũҵоع۲󰡡
֪Ǹʲôͷǲ²ӦǱ߸ȡ֡
ͷ
Ӧ˵ģʹӦǿ϶ȡ
ͷǰǺǮ˵ˣǮҲˡ
ԬţЦһΪأҪȻũҵôǻũҵִ绰ˡ
Ȼ򣬡ԭ¶ҳʱģǱϲҲ֪᲻򻯷ʣ껨˴Ҳǿǵľġû˵ɶɡҪһͷ绰˵һ
ԬЦǵûУǶǸṩʡʵ㲻˵Ҳṩġ
Цǰʳ쵼رá֮ǰǮλɶ磬ʡ쵼ӲŸǻʣҺ˵ǵʣˡĺ˳
Ԭüͷ
ΣҲ׷ˣĳǮǱ߳˵״
ʵһֱͳҲ֪ǳ쵼ͦõġ֮ǰǹɶģʳ˶رʹ졣
Ԭ֪ϵ˳Ц˵ǵλ֮Ҳġ
ͷǰʳִӹϵȷʵܲɷ֡ԬҾãʵͳͻʳԺĸһЩ
ԬʵҲָɱܺˣֻũҵֱϾкģҲ̸
ôܺأЦ
ʳĹ˺ܶ࣬ҲáʡǮ۸ɶʡһءͳͺܶ൥λкƽʱ֮ҲʵծģͳҲ൥λʲƷʳҪڵʱǲҲܻһ˵ԼǮȥҪ˶ˡ
ʶһǻͼġ
Ǯȥǿ϶Ҫ׬ġ
ʳȻܵӣһԣǾǵĲƷֻũ󡣳λҪ
ռ͵ͳͲһˣ㿪ʲôӣóͳ
ԬЩĶˡ
κγǶҪõܶʵġ
ЩƽʱɹҲҪһʷá
Ҳ֪λ֮以ǷծЭòƷծ
ǻʳ˭ծ
ڳͳҲҪǵĻʰ
ֻ⿪ũͳҪˡ
費Ҫ·ҪסġָһҪأ
ԬеЦ˵ԺĻỹǺܶడ⻹Եְѵӿեͳ
ЦҲǶ˻ʳ˺õĻʣǵϳúãǲܿեͳҲǻʳɾǡ
ԬЦӦõģ֯ϸǾ͵ɡԺҪûʣǻǵṩġ
æлҵôǴӣեͳлԬŵ
ԬЦŰ˵ȻֿǳԸ
ɲٷô˼Ǵ쵼ٷ̫űˣòˣⶼǹʱˣɲٵˡһҪŻʻȥǴӵͬ־ϲء
УҾͲˣ´ٳԷԬ
ЦӦˡ
лҪ˵ôôա
⻰һֱǹҹȥʷ¼ƵĺܸˣҲԿᷢǹı仯ôô쵼ĶܲסÿοܼģҲܺǰûкúŬΪһԹҶõˡлѧһҪŬδϣ


130 
ԬΪ˲֮ǰί, ǳš
, Ԭת˳, ȥ칫̸
ЩǸýѵѵ, ҪȻ֪ܲԼΪ˭
ΪԼСɲˣ۸ˡ
ߵ˻ǵЩ
Ԭͬ, ʮֺãʳ̸ʱ򣬶λԬӴ
ѹϵõ㡣
֮ǰǳϵûͨãǮСˡ
Ѿմ֪֮ǰڳҲͦεģԼ߹ûá
´ο϶ȰѴϵõ㡣
Ҳû˼
ʱ˱Ǻܴӵ, ر֪, ͸ûɶˡ
ܹ۹Ѿܲˡ
οûɶǱѼһӴ쵼С
, ɶЩ쵼ҲܽӴ㲻֪, Щʡ쵼ӿɴ, ÿŶ˵æææ
, ֻҪƤһߣ취ͶˡڳſڵȣŰݷ, ڽżڹӪż
񣺡
۾ǣҶˣǰҲͨԺһ࿪Խġ
Ц˶Ҫ˲ܻܾ飬ż
죬ҲĻˡ
ȻֺոǸΪɶôõ̬ˣǣո˼쵼զͻȻôð
Ǿҵˡ޿ɷ档ҲҪѧһ㣬ҪƤ񣬾ͶƽʱòţҪõʱǾǾˡ
ʮе֮ǰԼںǰ˲Ҳ
Ҳᶨĵͷ
֪ͬ࣬Լǵľ룬Ǹ̫ԶˡҪŬС
һĻֱռ͡
һ·سǣ־硣·˶ˡ
ЩǶռ͵Ĵ󳵾̾Ķֱ֮춼ϲ£ˡ
С¶ܣ˵¶
εһʣ
ǰкüʮˡѵĿɸˡ
ţڶ֪ռڸɶˡ
֮ǰѾһզҪԼȥһʣؼǻŪˡ
׼ȴǵ֮󣬸Ǳߴ绰ʡ
ôĻǮǲģ˲֪׬ǮѣһǮ
ǿɲ֪Щ¶һ·߸˵Ļռ͡
Щڵ﹤ԱԼҶԶߺˣʻˡ
Щ۾ϷĹߣԶԶĿšǴˣϹȻ˷
Щ˶ǿʳġÿԽߣǷֵҲԽࡣ
ǵЩͶ룬ǶԼĲƲġͶԽ࣬ЩԱյԽ࣬Ϊˣˡ
Աˣﶼ߶Ŵӵĺá
ĴӣΪЩϰյĴӰ
ӸɲҲϽѭųӵȥŰϡ
ŶֿĻʣӵĸɲҲЦ
մ󱦵ЦɶǮأҲ̣õʱ򶼾µ㡣
ͷʦʦָŴȣÿСרŰͬ־仯ʡɲˡҽĻǴӽް氲˸
ͷУ¶Ұš
ֹȷһ̯¶¶ͶʵС
زֿⶼǶģ
в̼ͺϺӴǱҲС͹ȥ
˿ȣҲȥ±ǴӸɲ򡣡
ȥ˭Ҷ֡
εҲȥҪǸҶ֣ҾɿԱǡ¶С
Ҷ˵ЦЦ
ص칫ûãξʹ绰ʵ¶
궼´㱾Ǯϰնֵʳ
εĵǮզ⻨Ǯִŵİ
̾û취˭ҪΪԱأԱĺãһжֵõġ

ô໯ʣõ𣿡
ãû¶õĵطɶˡԼռͣв̼͡ϺӴӡ
ãǡζ֪˵ɶˣֻǲӻˣ̼ͺϺӴҲϡǮûϸռأɵӣ
ֱӹ˵绰
񣺡ɶɵˣβЭ鶼ûɡ
λûЭ飬ֻ֪ռͻᰴƽ׼֧һʳ̼ͺϺӴӡϸûע⡣
Ϊʱͱһ׵ˣֻռǳ˴ˡ
ռͻϸŸ˼򻯷أͷˣɸ֡
ǰɣ϶ԸСġ
Թ˵绰֮ȥҺǻ㱨¶
ǲ裬¶ҿСƽʱͦİ
ԱǷôǸ˼Ͷ룬ջ񡣡
Ƕжˡ˽
ǲź칫Ǯȥġ
ȻɣλòͬռͺͲ̼ͻϺӴǶϽ֮ڵġ
쵼ȻǺ͵ġ
ɣש߳Ǹשķðǿһ£ҲҪ׽Ǯˣٶ޿ޣҲש߳ӡ
ҲǣռͶ໺һʱ䡣ֻϣñˡ

ռͺܿͰרŸϵ˳ϡ
νںڹָͬ
ŵ˶ѧУްѧģûɶĻѧϰҲǲģҲǿλϽһָ㣬ǾͼôϵĹˡ
ЩרŹϡ
רŰְλлԱٶ֪Իжˡ
ۿѮˣ˰ѻʸˣֱ̼ͻϺӴͣ嵥Ҳ׼һݡ
ԼҲˣͷ˫ˡ
Ҳ̼ͺϺӴӲ֪ԭռ;Ȼ˻ʡ
ǸտʼûӦͦˡǶɲϸЭŷֲԾ
ڸǵ棬Ҫ۵ֺͻʳɱİ

ⲻ۸۸ˣ
ڲ̼ûأ̼͵ĸɲǾͰǰΧˡ
˵
̼͵Ա߸˵ĿռĻʣɲƣŸ㲻״
ΰɶ˼⻹̶ѨҪܰ
ǵ˭Ǵˡǵø˵ָŵϵĻʣɶ˼
治ɫʰϵʩʣΪԱͬ־Ӳ
԰Ǻ¶̼͵Ա
ˣԱĲ̶ӳͬ򻯷ô򣬾ͬˣ
ЭҲû˵ͬⰡ
ҲôɣûǮ
ʮӲ¹ܻǮֻҪܰԱͬ־գǶֵõġ
⻰ɰѲ̼͵Աжˡ
˼⻹ǸռʹӵĴӸɲǣ֪ǰæӲ
Լɶ˼
ǶӳǸɶ˼ռͻҲΪǶ𣿡
εǣʸãǲǾܷ𣬶⻯Ҳ˵򵽵ģۻ˲ٹ򵽵ءȥʡͻ˶ǮҪ⻹֪
֪֪۶֪ġ̼͵ԱϽ̬
̼͵ĸɲĶ˵ˡ
лҪ˵ôôգŵ


131 
޿̵, ǾΪԱ, ҲǴӵǮǸռֲġ
ε, , ǲô˵Ǹֲ, ֵصĻǲ̼͵ԱʳҲǲ̼͵Աǲ̼͵ԱʳҸӡǴӲΪԼึզˣǶﻹԱǷأһĸࡣռʹӸɲ˵һˣ

̼͵ԱҲˣӸɲǾòûǮ򻯷ء᲻ø
ûжԱȾû˺˼ռͶԱྡľǲֻ̼ǰָɶģˡ
ԱԽԽԼɲ.
ǶӳҲŸǷ, õ㻯զˣ
ֲǸ˵ĵõ, õ㻯ʣǾô⣿
ɶأۼģҲֵ, ١ռͲĵģǻզ, Ҫѧϵѹեǣ
Ͳǹ, ɶֻǴ, ⻹ǵɲ𣿡
˶˵Ӿʹˣһһɶ˵ѹեϰյĻ˵ˡֱӰѲ̼͵ĸɲɫɫˡ
ռ͹˿ϷҲ͡
̼͵ĸɲֱӻˡ¶ꡣ
ϺӴҲһȺɲĲˣϹϵԱ, ԱǶռߣһ˵ԣԱǱռͻżȾͰѴӸɲǸΧˡֻҧЩϡ
ǲ׼ϵģ˫ĸɲһϼһ£ǵռ¶ôɣ̫۸ˡ
Ϊ˲ԼԱУֱԼȥռ̸
ռ͵ĸɲǶߴӵ鵱ЦˣЦһš
ﶼŻá˭ֻŸռ˵ģ͸óԵ
ռ𣬸պһˡ
ûզЦЩһԳԣҲҪĿġ
Ȱˣû׼˼ɶʱˣС񻰰
εɶǾǵĵˡ
ǣǵĵ̣ݲҰС
ƣۻҪͺġ
ӸɲǶЦЦ˵ôºͣ˼ɱ˭ء
ĪЦݾ֪ˣԼˡ治Ϊ˿ˡ
̼ͺϺӴĻͦ졣
ڼ·ȵʱ˼ֱˡ
ķţϴүǴˣţҪˣ͹ͨ籨š
ŵòˣ㣬ǲҪ㣿
Ÿɶ֣ܶ˵ˣǵߣȥ칫ţѲݺá
գ˼ҰѲϡ
Żذ칫ңЩ˾ˡ
ЩӸɲҲˡ
ź濴ۣЦ⻹ˣߣȥȥ

һ㶼ûţͦӣĸɲǶҧƤҲ̫ˡ
˻ңˮ´ɱﵹˮ⻹Ϊǹ˵ء
̼ȿˣǵ¶ǲ̫ˣô໯ʣܸǷֶٶ
ϺӴӵĶӳҲǣҲû˵ⲻǿ𣿡
񵭶ѹѹ֣˵
ű죬׼ôһ
Ҫ˵ҿǣǻԩˡ˵ʵڵģǩʱɲǵģ۴ӸɲһΪҾǹͬ뷨ˡѵǲôģ
һƬ֪զӻ
Цŵ˵ҿǣǶõĻǱǻҪءǶܵĶٶأ׬ǮΪ׼ʱԱǻҪȻǮŸɶԼӸɲҲãǶõ
ǣҲܡǵİ⻰־˵ˡ
֮ǰǻѾϵĵ˵ûˡ
ǿҪ˵ΪɶҪǵġҵ˵ЩõģզͲǵˡ
ǵһ㣬õ٣ʱһ㶼ʣˡ
һͬǶǵôɲģզֻǮأզͲطԱǴˣǾûϵǶȻϻգǲҲǶİǱȥˣͲýԱǹúãǵĺã

Щɲ˵޻˵ˡ
ҵͬ־ҵǰҵҲǱһΪ˶ԱжˣŽ̯ӵġһΪԱӲһΪǴıԺеóɼѾ˼ôرҵģΪǵʣǾˣռǷǵĲźǺˡҪ֪ô룬ҵ͸ֱӾܾȻԼȥϣô󣬺õ϶ǣ
ߴǳû˻ˡ顣
߸ɲ࿴Է֪ô˵ˡ
һ
Ƿ˼ʱ䣬ź˺üڲ衣
ǲ̼͵Ĳǵ¶ǳ嶯˵㣬Ҳû˵ֵ뷨˵ѡ
ʵ𣿡
ȿȣˡ
̶ӳС
ͺãʵǸ֪ģռܵӣΪɶأΪǮˣûǮҿԺ˵ǴûǮ¶綼֪ΪɶأΪϼ֯ǸɵĺòãǿǶжǮǿǵԱĺòáϣܹԸλԱҸ۴ܺá
ɲҲûɶռĵˣⷬҲͻȻЩéٿ뷨
ǵɲӣҲΪ˴ӷչ
໨ѵԱǹúãҲȷʵǺ¡
ӵĸɲǶǿЦŴкͻԼȥ
ɶĻһҲû˵
ˣնʱֵĲˣݵ㣬զô
ûɶֻҪû˽ģһΪߵǶеġеöˡ
ռʹӵĸɲҲüġεǸոѵĿãû˵
ЦҸտɲѵȰģǺáھӣܹȻõġ
ӸɲǾԼûĵģԼﶼ˲ء
͸ǷͺֲһһΪԱͻֲϣǶջõϣǲǹӮ԰Һãĺá
۶ˡģۻͷҲǶ˼빤Ƕռѧϰ
ߵĴӸɲǻȥ֮󣬻͵͵Ŀ˸Сᡣ
⻯ʵ˿϶ǵ˵ģҲֻܸˡ
ǵˣ۾͵ԣǲܷգٿ֮ЧҪáԺԺҲ򻯷ʣռͰ򡣡
Ӹɲ֪ܵӰˡ
̶ӳ򰡡
ǮɶأǵǮڶҲǷš
һԾŶģҲûɶ
¶أõһĶܿ
ԱӸɲǻ֮Ҳû˵ʵ¶ʱˡĵĺúֵء
Ϊ㹻ķϣɸˡɾ͵ſǲµĶӴա
һûвֲԱЩҴӸɲӳзϣզԼûӴ
ͬǴӵģⲻǳԿ
ӸɲǱͷԱǻʱˣֱӵԼѡģ˭ȥ˼ռķϣȥһԼ¡

͹ϵ¶úЩ˺ˡ֪£͸øռһֲϵġ
ʱҲӲȥˡ
ߴӵ¶ȻƽϢˣϢǱһЩɲȥˡɲ´£Ϣͺ͹쵼Цˡ
˵ߵϺ꾹Ȼ˸ɲһưͳԻˡ
칫ҵ˶ЦЦ
һԼֻԼ֮ǰռ͵ֱͬǰ׷ˡ
ֹϺӴӺͲ̼ͱһҲһأӳٻڡ
лҪ˵ʮ


132 
¶æŴʱ, ڶвֻ, 껹Ҫɺܶࡣ
Ϊȥ칫ͷ, Ҳ֤˻ֲĺô, ԽҲԸǮ˾æɻ
ڵǩЭ飬ȸ칫, Ժ칫Ĵġ
ռͱм׻λ˷˾ŸɻԱ֤Ľ·˳С
µĽ裬·Ѿ˶ʮˣûߣԶûȥס
Щ·ÿϹ¹ҪȥһۣͲסȥ
˼ǵȴ֮, ͳһ, Ͱһȥ
ôɻоˡ
޲ɹס·ӡ
﹤ȻæѧУʦǣͱص֪ʶӸѧϰ
ԼҲÿʱ, ʦѧϰ
ĿƷ浹ǲģҪǲһѧ
ɼҲǲģֻǺѧ֮, ѧ˲ͬרҵ, Щ֪ʶͷˡڳʱ, Ҳѡ
㣬˵ڶˣ㻹ѧɶôſα, ѧô棬ͦѹ
֮ǰûڰ칫ѧʱڰ칫һѧ
һпվóαѧѺѧ
ѧֹ벻һ㲻
Ҫңҵ쵼֮ҾͲѧˡʵʵ˵
ҡͷЦЦǾ͵㵱쵼ɡ
յȿȣ㲻˵𣬵ҺúѧҾܻسˡ˽㣬ⶼһˣǲٹãܻسˡ
üͷһզˣȥˣ
ҡͷǵûУҾʡʵҲǺسǡ
ɲɵ˰ɣ˵ҪȥɶһָأôĹСƤЬСƤˣ
ҡͷ
ͶˣȵʱʦǸһԾ㿼ĺãҾ͸㰲š
ʵѽ
šͷ
յͷҲ˵ʲôζ
ȻҲӣͦĵġôѣͬ־㡣ǶҲͦõġ
ջЩ꣬°֮󣬱ſαȥʱ̾˿
̧ͷͼҲ
˼ͷĸһʮͷˡµʱѾһѣȴû֮ǰôˡϾĹҲˣܶһˡҲɣÿ͸ϿΣȻԼЩϽѧϰΪѧϰ㣬ڶѧУˡ
ռִĺǰʱ;ÿ˳ۡ
Ǳ⸱ģƭˣ͸ɵһ
߹ȥغһӵĿһۡƭĸСء
ۣʲôƭСҸ㣬ҵѡϹۣģƭ˭Ҳƭġ
һˣҪһϹءΪͱøˡ
һøУܻسǡҸ˹ˣ˵ˣٽһسǡ
˵⻰̹ˡ
е
ԼģŬ棬Ŀõġ
˶˵ˣĹǲĥġԺͥҪĺá
ٿգҲסˡ
˵ʲôӦ㣬سǣ
ûô㲻Цˣģοҵı¡ȥĳ˵İ֡Լรɡֱ軵Ůͬ־͵Ͷ졣
ƭˣ۾
ŲӦ㣬سء
ǴӦģȻҲǼŻȥˡǡ㲻ƭġ
˭ƭˣ׿˵ġ
պ۾úõĿʲô˵Ͷ죬㲻Ҳĺúõ𣿡ȻǱ軵ģÿûɹҪȻ÷ˡ
۵һ޳ˣ߲ߵƭˣŲӦأƭӣôôڰ֮ǰƭңڻƭҡ
ķۣɵǵǲܷƪǲǣ
ɴյĸ첲ߣȥǶȥڲڰ칫ң
ڣ
ȥҾ㿴ûƭˡҪûƭˣԺǰǵ飬͵Ϲ𣿡
ջ죬ҲϹء
˭Ҳ˭ֱ칫ҡ
һ⣬׼ؼҳԷͼԩˡ
Ƶզһˣԩ·խ
Ͼ֣˿ȣƽǣ˵˵֮ǰǲǳŵңֻҪҺúøɣһسǵġûϹ˵ɣƾԼŬĻᣬбҪƭ𣿡
յԲ۾񡣡㣬𣿡
񣺡λզ̸Żسǵ¶ȥġ
Լˡ
ⶼɶ¶
Ȼ㣬ϻװӣЦΪ¶ң
յ㣬ⲻС°㣬֮ǰӦ㲻ƭҰ
ˣôҲӦˣ㻹ܻسǣ
ǺզܻسˣҲŬġҲд֪ͨдԸ塣Ƕ˵дĺá˵ҽ󡣺㡣
˵ˣֲԼҪسǵģȰسǵġ
񣬡ǣô°Ƕﻹ
ЦŷʣΪʲôأǲ̫Сˡ³˫Ҫôãһñ
գ
յǡҺܻسǣ
ЦҡͷҶȷʵŵǻسǣҲ˵ҪɼġɼֹĺãҪ㡣ҪȻǹĺõˣƾɶǻسأ԰ǻس֮ǰҵøǽһСԵġ
ɲ£Ϊ˹Ϊ⣬ѧϰɼǲġ
Ҳ£һҲûŬ
㣬ģһúѧ㶪ԱĳЩ˿ĺáȻ˸ۡ
бۿǡ
ò״λͶԼĲ豭úõĺ˿衣
ȻĿڣҺԼ顣
ҪȻҪˡ
ⶼΪ˭
¶ҲˡԺһҪӽǧַĻˡ
¶Ҳûкô
ļԼľͷҲԽĴˡ
֮ǰʼЩˣÿ춼־ġ
ලˣԼͺ顣
㣬㵽ʱ֯һ²ԣ֪ĵ׶
аɣǴѧУ˸Եġ
Ͼûѧϰˡ
Ե¶׼ġ
Ȼˡ
ˣ֮ǰһֱûʶΪ񲻺ãȥˣŷֵġ
Ҳ˼˵˵ģҪеԵ顣
Щ죬ɶܹ𣿡
ЦŵȻܹˣֲɶǰϱˣµظɻء
ʵʵǣˣ»ܲμӸ߿
ָһ㣬Ҳü
УЪЪãҲɵ㡣ڶ˸ֵһ¡
ҪμӸ߿ˣҲÿʼԤɲˡ
ѧУðš
治ãˡµѧУĹ
ûɶõģҲǶ˲ţھȱء
ô˵ЦˣǣİɣҾŶӣҲø˳
лҪ˵ôôգ


133 
ѧУʦǽвԵ¶ҲϽǰæԾ
һҪ, ҲҪĸбҵı׼ǡ
ϾѧҲǽ̵ġ
, û׼Ժﻹи, Ҳ˵׼
½Ц, ѵôӽĻɲˡ
ӲУڸɶҪ֪ʶ, ۶ð֪ʶˡʦǰæ̵ֲҲǵģЩ֪ʶĺû֪ʶЧǲһ
½ҲпȷʵҪ֪ʶ
ҲգȥѧѧһЩѧҲǺõġ
ҲһܿѧءҲ˵׼
ռɵĺˣԺϹũѧҲࡣѧ˻ȥ˹ũѧҲѧˡ
Ȼֻǲ, ЩϽҲǺӵ, Ϊ˳Ŀǻصػʱ俴˳иƵĿα˽⿼㡣
ǰæ˳ܽһ¿αص֪ʶԺԼѧ
¶ϽǶ岻ݴǡ
Դ, ֻܿˡܹӽԴǵȻЩ˵֪ʶӸ顣
ץص֪ʶ¶˰ţصȥһ˹, ҪĹũѧ
һҲ, ʱҲ, ٵʱҲһ
ռ⻹ǵһȡ
֪ռ͸ɳɼˣȡҲҪĿġ
Ĳȡ
ҡͷ, Ǻúø㷢չȡġܵøɳʵʳɼС
˽ϣܹԼμӸ߿ȥѧ
λϣʱҲæȡġ
ÿｨ׵ˣԸȥȡᡣ
ЦǺǵԼȥѧǸġ
ȻǸˣǲˡҵúúõĴռͷչչˣǲиĳ·
ЦŵͷҲԭ
Ȼ˴С˼ҲͦࡣһǲɷϵģȷʵʵΪ£ΪԱıġһȫû˽ĵˡ
ҲŵҲУ㻹ᣬżռͷչȶ ҾͰȥ顣Ҳûᡣ
ЩɲҲϹ۵ģԺõˣҲҪúġ
ĵлѧ¶ǿԼȽϺáܿԼ쵽飬Ҳ֯鷳
˶ոѧУ֪ͨˣβԣʦ֪ʶӣܲ롣ֱӳŵ˭ܿһҹȥȡһũѧһ
Ȼʵǣ㻹˵ѧءզЩء
ǽҪȻզ֪ͨأⶼԭġ㻹˼˵أΪе˶ѹҪǳɼ̫ҿĲ㣬ȥȥ
գ
ϽűʼǱȥѧУ֪ͨ
֪ͨѧУʦǿɼˡ
ũѧǿǱȵջ󰡡
ЩѧһĿɶǺõλһسĵλҪȥеġ
ǿǴѧ٣
۰Ͱ͵ȥȷϣϹũѧ
϶ǰҺͺǶ˵ˡ¶զƭءֻҪһҾ͸ϡ
μĴ˵˵㡣
оͲˣҲ֪ۺ칫үүѲģÿҲûۻΪɵĺãԸء
˷ܵˣҵûȥǼҹŮһ壬û׼ϴѧء
ּǰЩɲ˵Ļ
﷢չˣԺ࣬лϹũѧء
ڻʵˡ
ֹΣкӵʦϽްԱǶˡ
ȻƽʱԼ޶ֺµʱ־ԼҺӻеϣģԶǰϢ
°ˣҿиСءڶӺ͹ŮǾͲָˡ
Ȼûȥֻڼﷹʡ
֮ǰ˵ȥũѧ᲻Ӱ찡ô𣬻᲻гͻ
ЦҶǺĵģϾǸմѧУơθԣҲǿǵԭԭֱȥģǸɲֱͥȥˣԺռͶ̧ͷˡǼȥѧǱ˵ǿżϵȥġһҪ
ʢҲ뱻ָָ㡣ʮͬľ㣬һŬġ˵öԣҵÿԼȥɲѧ˼ߺţÿԺһҲ١
ѧǾҪٴѧԲ˵лСˡҶġ
ҶҲ԰СģҺ˵ԼǺõġ㿴ڶɵĶãǶǿԼȥġû˸˵ҲáߺţԼȫ˵߲ɺţֻܸŴһԵᡣ
ɹֻ֮Լ֪ԼŬõĶǶôе˵Żʱر𽾰Ժ
ЦŵͷҶ㶼ûϵߺţҾ͸ˡİɡ
Ҷ
̵вϱ˼аܾߺţǻ˶Ÿɵ¶㿴Ҷˣʼˡ
°
вĺүү࿴ۣСƱԼСơ
ŷŷŴ˵Ļɣ裬ɶߺŰ
ɵǲΪֺõɲǾɶûҲɲǲԵģԺÿԼҪȻ˶Ʋǣôǡ
ӻ֪Ǿôܾûۣ
žЦ
£ú飬ԺҲȥȡũѧɼõľȥѧ
ĵͷ
Ҫú飬ԺȥϹȡĴѧ
ΪһũѧǶѧϰ˳СһֻҪžͿѧϰ
ʦǷżٶȥˣѧУѧϰ
ΪСѧͳеʦҲͬȻġرϧ˭Ҳı˵Ļᡣ
Ϊ˸Ƕѧϰʱ䣬ֱӰѿԶ˰µס
ЩѧϰάֵĳЩǵûָ߿ϢǾ·šʱҲûסǿ϶ǲġ
ʱˣ߿ʱһЩֵüѧˡ
ŶԺܹһѧԼҲˡ
ЩѧԺ󲻻ض﹤ｨףǳȥˣҲܸһ
ҪܹǶԺչҲһ

ͳųſзѧϰ࣬СʵΣҲȥѧ
û̧ͷ԰ѧðˣѧ֪ʶǰûѧá
رź
򴽣Σǡϵ¶ཻҡҲѧ㱾¡ѧҿ϶ûõģҺúѧ¡
ΪùԺڳﵱ쵼ͰԼʼǱӸˣ涼ǳȽ϶ģԼһݡ
ӹˣ˷һЩĵλϵʽļ¼
űһĿʼд
ԺЩԼܾܣͲȥˡ
Щʱѧϰ
֮۹˭æ
ƽʱãҪǸѧϴˡ
ˣܳžͳһ¡
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


134 
֪ʶæѧϰʱ, ûʱſ顣
Խ߿ʱ, Խء
˵ﰲܹµ, Ѷķչƶáܲȥ֮, ɢˡ
ܹܡ
Ȼ˼࣬һ, ûô໨ӣɻĸɣԱҲĵģûɶ˽ġ
һɲͺܲˡĻܶ
ԺȥѧˣҲԼ֧Ԯӡ
ѧУǱҲûɶ⣬ص˵ʦ֮, ҲиɵĲġҲġֻҪƶ, Щⲻ
ؼǳķչ
һûҵʵĽӰˡ
Ҳž˼ص˵ɲҲɵĲ
Ҳˡ
եͳҪչֹҪܺ, ۣܺҪŬšһҪдֹۣû˽ĵġ
Ͼӿ, һõ쵼, һжḶ
, ʱҲ˵Щ˶Ļ
֪浹кʵģ࡭˴, ҲŬҲе֪سǰ
ĥĥȥصˡ˵
ĥôŬϽأˡ
񰡣ҽЩλ¶ò
űʼǱһ̵ģ
Ҳűддô棬զˣнȡˣ֮ǰҰ·𣿡
Ұ·Ӿ֮ǰʶһȺеˡЩһֱ
ҲԼͺʺЩ˴򽻵㲻
ⲻΪ㹱𣿡
һᣬŹ֡
˵ģ񣬸Ŭˡ򰡣۳ֻܲһǲǣ
ΪడȻ
Լ뷨ˣҲˣѧϰÿܣҲ·ϲܿ顣ԿⲻţҪܸĻЪЪˣ
û뵽´
񱻿ëëģҸɶ
㲻ͬ־ˣˣ
߾¡Ŀ죬֪֮զզǿҳϢǲʡ
һ̣һӴﵽװ˵ĸ߶ȡ
Цļ򣬡磬ԭ㲻
һ죬զأⲻǳԲ𣿡˵ŵͷǰԣͦͣҪǺ˹ӣҿ϶̹һЩʱ䳤˰ɡ;òˡϵһǣǵϵһ͡Ҳ
˴Լĸ첲ѧ˵֪ʶ˵ˡ
οļ򣬡磬ҲԷƱϾͬһ֪֮ټˡ
񣺡
ˣˡϽҲˡ֪ɶҶ㽲㡣
ʵҲرϽܰѳ۵Ĺ
ãҶ㡣
νʹǿϿˡ
ǰһ裬µ˰ڶѧϰˡ
ѧĻͦ档
һּȾն֡ȥǩɶ̫ˣ˼Ʋ
࿴飬۵Ժ̸Խ󣬽Ӵ˾ԽһҪ˴ùϵǾ͵֮
Ҫǣ۾ҪŵĳԶ㡣ñϰջҪķǵ󡣡
Ķ¼ˡöһᣬҵ뵽һˡ
ʵɶ󰡡
۲͵ҾôˣϽŸͺҿ϶ⰡҪװõֱͣؼð
üͷˣ
񱻹ˣ֪ԼǵõϿɵģǣҪҪֱװõͰͺ͹ͷ
ͷ⡣
ģ
˵
ͷġʵʩ𣿡
񣺡񲻺ʰڳҪƱԼʳùΪ
ЦŵܺãҾóõġ˭㣬Ǯ˾ֱûؼҵġƿӻɱ¶
۾԰ͺͷƿأ񻹵ûǮУۻ롣
򣬡ԣú룬뵽취ˡȥ
˵ʵڵģرᶨҪ
ûɶë
ƿװͶ뵽ˡ
ûüء׼ȳˣгġ
Ȼʱû죬ܹǰ뵽ѾǷǳˡ
ŬģҪȥųչгҲһˡ
ǳһԣͬ־Ƿˣ뵱쵼ˣ۲θȥˡ
̫æû⻰⻰˴Ҵҵͬ־ͻȻôϽˣŰ쵼ԼλӴιô֮ǰûǸ˰
񣺡ô˵
յͷȻûϵͬ־˵ˣսҸƾ¡
񣺡
໹Ƿ˽սҲѧϰˣ˾Զܡ
˵ľǸִһЩЧ档
ÿͻĽҲҲԽԽࡣĿƽһЩ֮ǰǮҲˡ
﷢չ˳ĴҲݱɡ
ۿŵĻҪæˣռЩ·ӵҲ׼Űҵ¶ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰ˵õģ֮󣬾͵ðҡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


135 
黹Ǻӵġ
ϾǶ¹Ĵ
öȥһЩӻԼӹ, ȻԼһЩ֮ĵʱ򷢸ԡ
Ҫڻһ¡
ǰЩ궼ܷű, ܷ, ¶ǵֵġ
Ƹ, ﶼ֪ռ͵ϲ¡ܰȥ, ˲ռͶӡҲռ͵ԱҸиǿҡ
һ׮׮һİȥĸɲҲæµǰд˺Ѻˡ
ԱǿҲܵҪ¼ҵϲãЦĺϲ£졣
һЩ죬Ա̸۰¼ҵ¶
Щϵõ˼ѾԼ, ʰ·ӡ
ͶµľǸɻ, ʰȻۣǸɵĿġ
Ҳȥһ˹磬쵼㱨һ¶쵼ûʱݰ١
˵ռҪˣҲܸ, ҲǴϲˣ
쵼, ܲడ, ¶, Ժӵʷ¼úǿһЩá
Ц, Ͳ󣬾źˣ
ЦЦеԶˣҲȷʵü¼һи뷨
һ͵˵
ĥǶҲǸ¶Ҫջȥⲻʹȥ𣿵ʱҲǹ˵ɼ
˵أͬ־һҪ󣬱ضԭġﵱȻҲøˣ˭Լɼ֪ء
ʵؼǣҲϣĶԱҲܺռ͵Աһס·һãϣܹΪĶĺð
οĵͷҪԱסϺ÷ӣǵȻõġ
ҲףǸõԸѡÿﶼгӣ׬ǮԴ
Ҳÿﶼһ
Ǻõģֵ֧֡Һŵͬ־һ£ûȤ
˵ҴռӸл֧֯֡
ǻûƭ񣬴Ӧ¶֮ȥһ
Լóϣ칫Ŀǰһռ͸õó֡쵼ҪرԸ֧֡
ȻҲ˽ģϣռ͸ܹ֮ǵľóĶҲοһ¡
Ϊŵͬ־˵ֱȥҵίǡ
ǻǶռӡģǵøһʯ·šǱߵ쵼ᣬܵġ
˵¶֮͵Ӷ޺ˡ
޺˵һĥҲǶͶɹˡҲϣһ¶ùҲѧѧͬ־æգ˳дƪ塣
ڰ칫˼ˣռʹӻǸɵĲУŰȥһˡҪǺãû׼Ժƹ㡣˵ռְԱǷӵĴӣ١Ǹһ¡
ĿĴˣҲˣȥ͸绰֪ͨˡ
ллǣ
˷ܲѡ
ȵ绰̵֮ЦЦ
¶ʹӸɲҲˡ
ӸɲһҲҪˣҪɶģˡ
ô󣿡
ĴҪﶼ֪ռͣȻҪĻСͳ
˶ɶ˼
Цʱɷã϶Ҫ֪Ϊɶôֱʵָ֧ǷӰǾصһСͳǰСͳдֽ֮۶ԱԺⱨֽȥطĶ̸ˡ
ҲǸͳ߸
ٸúãҲܷϾǸӰͳ˼ұģͳ
Ҫ˱ֽͲһˡرﻹֵ֧
ﶼڳСͳͣʵҲֹǳСģͳġǳԲˣŴС߼ͳԡ
СֻǼһЩĳﲻҪĵӶѡ
ɲһ㣬뿪ȥ֮ǰСͳȲС
ΪﻹҪգɲˣɨ·棬øͬ־ӡ
Ա֪ﻹҪ˸·֮󣬾͸ˡ
˶ҿ¶ǶɶҪգҪԺĹء
һ˷ӵ̫̫ʵ̰ǵʱǲҲҪհ
̵ǰ϶Ҫġ
Ӵ۵·ϡ
Եô·
̫̫Ц˵һˣ԰ɶ·
ɶ԰ˣǸﳤġ
ǣﳤġ

Ҫ¼ҵԱΪЩϲ£ÿ춼̵ģ¼ǮûˣǷˣҲú£ֻҵҧĸ˷ˡҪȻôٵ¶ˡ
û¶ĸǷӵԱǸˡ
ֹű˷⣬Ҫ˼ϱֽ
ҲȥռʹӴɶʱܸܽǷӵıġ
մ󱦾Ͳȥˡ
ʱԽܱǮҲҪŶӣں档
ܿջһǷ

ռͰѡһš
Ͷڡ
Ͷ¼ңͶƸԢá
Ϊͬ־ˣҲٴ
ϴҲмˡ
仯ҲˣŸǺõש߷ӸɲǻЩĽ
ԼҲûķء
ʦƵء
ͬ־û˼ֻɸġǿŸǺõŷӣҲˡ
Ǿû뵽ũͬ־סľȻôķӡ
ǻΪһЩ͹ȥһء
ΪǨʽû죬ȴЩɲͬ־ι·ӣȻʦЩӵĺô
ʦռʹ˼£λйŻȥɻ֮ռܡô飬˵˵ԱҲ岻ݴǡ
ǰ棬ָЩӵôݶƣų򣬻ˮ
𿴾Ǹũɶܽء֤ס
ŵͬ־Ҳ˷ѽ·˺üƬ
ЦŵΪ֮ǰΪ֧һʯ·Ǿʯ·رá׼Щǰ·ʯӣԺԱͬ־ǳžͲһˡ
ô˵ͬ־͵õһźˡ
ռͣһռ֧һ·ġ
ѹǹأǺܿռͰ
¶ʱ࿴ۣҲ֮ǰˡ
֮󣬹ĸɲǶһˡҪӵԱסķӣǲǹϺ˰
ռ¶ĿƯֱʣ
ĸҲ棬˵ǲģԺ󻹼зڽ裬òǮɡǴ֧ŵ𣿡
 ĵʳˡҪȻǷء
ҪҴȥռ͸ǷĹզ
˵ŸµȤˣǵȻãȥ
һֵռͳߡ
֪ռͳģֻǲ֪ô
Ҳ¸ǵĳء
ܵռ͸Ƿӵĵ׬Ǯ֧Ԯũͬ־Ƿӡ
⻰¶ʱȵǷӣ
ûǿĸĿģΪԱҸǮǮĲҪҪԱҸͺáûгﵥλı£ֱӷ䷿ӣũͬ־ҲƽϣֻҪвˡ۲һ㣬Լһ㣬˷ӶǵĲƲסٴС

ôسǵλûôʵء
ﵥλǷַӣɷСһ˼һôġҳӺܴҲֻӹ˷ַӡռͣǲǳ﹤ˣֻҪԱǷӡ
СͳӴ
лҪ˵ôôգ


136 
±ռ͵ֱʸ, û֮ǰɹ뷨ˡǸܺõ㡣
׬Ǯ֧ԱǷ, Աͬ־Ҹ, ôõ
ҪÿӶ, ˽һΪԱ, ؾʹˡ
ȻҲ֪ǲܵģÿǲһġҪġ
ռӵģʽǺܺõ㰡
ȻҲäĿģ˽ʵ
¼Ůʵեͳ׬ôǮ𣿡
ЦȻ, 㿴Լũûе, ԼĻԼԱǸǷӣиôĳǶΪСͳ
ⶼŵĶ, ˭Ҳȥռ͵ˣǶǰܲ͵ġ
۾ˡ
ȫ벻һͳܷչô졣
ĺǺ糤Ȼ֪ǷӵǮû, ռ͸ô, ϶ҲǸĳǮ, Զ˵Ҳûοĵͷ
ռͷչȷʵѸ٣ǵռͿʱ, ۿģΪ֧ռͷչ֧Ԯһʯ·ⶼĿõġ
˵¸ˡ
ͳզô׬Ǯأ
ȥתơȻȥ֮ǰҪϿֺñӣԼһµġ
ʳƷĿǰûôôһŪͦʡ
泾࣬Էֹ棬ϰǳϸɾʳ͡
ȥ֮󣬹ǿһۣôúù
ԼҲûֻڼ͵
ĹȻ³һӾ͸߶
Ҳٺ֮ǰһͳһ¼幤ˡ
߱߸ǽܳ
ֹȷÿһ趼רŵĸ˺ʼԱǱ֤ÿһŶӣÿһͲѶǸɾģ֤;ǸɾġǵͶϸεģûг»ҪϰճԵİģԵķġ
һţһ߼¼ܲƬ
Цŵͷ
¾ͱһšƬ棬˶ʵʵģĹһ˿ľƬ涼ֳˡ
˿ȫСӣͺͳûˡһصĵط
ǵͳֻͰɡ
ЦǰΪ׼Ƚ֮ٿʼջӹϰǳϵһζá
ǿǽµ
ⲻǽǸԼԳνģǸϰṩģһõġǮģǵöԵúˮǮ
°ĻҲ¼ˡ
ռ͵СͳȷʵһСǿûôС
ָǽһЩδķչԸҪ۴֮δ࣬Ҫϰճ
ô࣬еλ𣿡
³ӿɲô
ΪǼƻã֮ǰͶԼ̶ĹˡȻҲԼȥͱĳ³ӾͲ̸ˡ
ŵȻУǺͺǺܶλкǾóǵͳԵ㣬Եķġ
±˻ţȥ۲óһȫǷʡǵġ
ЩӿǱ´󰡡
ʡǶˡ
ܶ³Ҫͨ磬ͨһ㶼ǰسǵĵλģֵµľͲˡӵͬ־ԱĵطϤǾ͸Լȥ̸ˡ
ȻʡǶǵͣ˵⳧ӵͿ϶ȷʵáҪȻеôء
˽֮Щɲ;ȥҪúõıһռӣСͳ
תôһҲ˾Ǩʽʱˡ
Сͳǹȥʽ
Цһȥ֡
һȥμǨʽ
ȥҲ񻮷ֵģ·ӽĵطϷӷֱˣռʹ
·ϣһЩŹģֵ࣬ġһһߵĻ衣
׼ҵͱűӣӣ̧֮ĵˡ
ЩǾʽҪĶ
һЩӵĸŮ·ֵԱӻǱ
ǶһƬϲá
øյ̲ס˼ƬҵøƬȡ֣ҸʵʵҸ
˵ˣöεĹɲЩۿȡ
ԴӾȥǼĻ̵̻˶֮󣬶ûô˹ˡ
ǹˣϽʽȲˡ
Ǻǽ
ǿɲ˼Ȼģִ󳡺ҲֻǴӶѣɴû
ۺú¼ˡͲ 
ЦҲˣռ͵ϲã飬Լ
ЦҾͲˡ
︺𽲻ĻͲǣġ߹ȥҲǴ·ʴһС̨Ӷѣôܹ
һվȥԱǾҵĹˡ
Ǻµϰյİ
ռǵһұģҲվ·ϵһţôϲռ˶ֱͦˣĲˡ
̺үүһЦۣƶɻˡ
ʮǰҸʲôǿ϶˵ҸǳԱ㲻ӣԲԣ
ԣ
Աͬеĺ
ǻǿǳ϶û¶ٰ
رֻĵʱҪǹҸʳ֧֣Ƕˡ
Ҹɶ룬ǿ϶סһķӡ
ԣԱָ˵ĺرǼҵԱ͸ˡǾҸˡ
Ц˵ɶ̰ˣǵˮƽˣǵĹҷչˡǲȱԣȱˣȸлΪǴõĻܳԵñůǮǷӡԶҪ˹Ҷǵĺá
ҵһġ
رǣЩĻĨᡣŹΪǴ˺ǰԲӣڴҶܳԱůܸǷˡ
ǵڶҪлģԼ͵Ĺ˶ķչ˴Ҳռ͸лǡ
ԱǱ˵Щ˷ܣֲ˼֪ôӦˡͷƣҲŸŹƵġ
ֵһҪлǴӵĸɲͬ־ǡΪǴ˽һΪ﷢չ׵뷨ǴӲԱǷӵߡ׬һǮΪԱһǮǴӸɲǵ⣬лǣ
ԱĸԸĹˣȥͲˣڵĴӸɲǶû˵ġɻͦɵҲǶԱء
Ӹɲһ˵ĲˣΪԼάֵ󣬵ǻ̲סЦ
Ϊɲܱ쵼ԱǶϿɣĹˡ
ɱǰռ˵ĸоҪöˡ
ڲռˣӹҲǰˡܵõҵء
Ǻ˵﷢չˣҶá
ҵУЦռӵһ죬ҸĵһҲٴιظλͿɵԱͬ־Ǩ֮ϲ
ôĵͬ־ôֵĵӡ
˵쳹ռ͡ľһ󴮵ıڣžġռͶϲõա¹ǰҵĻǲҵģ鶼رãϲЦտġ
һҵԱͬ־Ҳʼˡһϲ¼ȥԱҲǵĿ֣ŸҸҡСﶼСʡϾԺԼҲҪ·ӰҵģԺҲҪǻֵġ
ǲͣռ¼Щ档
ʵũͬ־Щ̫ˡ
ҼһҵĹһֱ˴졣
º͹ɲڴʳó˶ٷ͸߸˵Ļȥˡ
ضˣƬܶ࣬дҲܶࡣ
ռĵطһ˺Ҹеĵط
ʵռ͸ԣĵطҲûУǾָо
ǾûǺĸɲйء
ΪǵһһУǶδչԿóĴӸɲһΪԱԽԽöŬ
ռ͵λŮǽδ滮ЩԱͬ־еˡ
ԣҸֹʣойءϣ˾ͻζ
ҪҲ˵Щ¸·ӣӹʣҲÿҸ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


137 
쵼, ռ͵˾͸ŵÿˡҸĶȥιЩ·ӡ
ʹɨõġڿ˵Ǵġ
ҶװĲ
Щ, ȻҲǴӲͻĲ
ŵ˵, ռ͵Ա⻹ǵһסװŲķӡ
ǰǴҪôľͷ, ҪôһЩװõġ
ÿϴʪ򿪴©©, 
ⲣͲ˰ɡ
Ա
ǿɲӸɲ˵⻹۶ͳò̸أΪЩ˼˺öƱء
⵱ȻԶ˵ʵ϶ĴƷһͻ, մۻġ
Աǲ֪, ֻӸɲ˵ѲŪģԼҲÿ϶ҲѣпĲˣΪⷿӿǸ̫ˡ֪ڶɶʱǺ, ۼǵ֮ǰ㱨ģȥĶǮҲҪǰ
ûǺõҲǺڵĲˡ
֮ǰþɷҲס, ŸǡȻռ, ǲԼҲǮ
ڿ˼ҸǺõ·, Ǿ治һˡ
·ɷϴˡסķӶ
ռߵ·Ӳι۵Ҳࡣ
ռ˿ڶ࣬ûּңסһ, Ӿ͸ǵĴ
˷ǷӣԺ̻ש˼ѡȦǾǵһˡ
ӣι۵˾ûвĽġ
°һȺ˿ӣҲһȺϽÿӡ˾ʱ˭˶һ
ǰѼ˶⼷ˡ
ǸɴҲڼˣȥɻȥϻʰ
һЩ̫̫Ǹ̲ι۷ӣסõӣĽĲˡ
̣ǼӶˣûŷּҰ
Ϊ˸ǷӣЩ˽˾ַּң뵥
ּҵҲ١ǱϾˣ﷿סˣֳֻܷȥԼѣҲû취¶ʹˣԽĵ˼ˡ
̽ɶҰ˵ˣһ˺ͺģŽһ𣬲ܹչ׳θǷӣÿ˶ǮˡҪȻۼܸôķӣ
ǼӳϢ̫̫ĽĲˡ
Ϣɶġֱӵ԰ҲŮˣŮˣϢ
ǿɲڼŮҲ͵ءռ͵ĹŮģһ켸˵ýš
ΪŮ˵ģҪѡ˭ŮءŮҲˣܴ޹ǵȻҲԸŮˡ
رһϢģǿҪ͵Цˡ
̫̫ʵ̰ôˣɶʱ˵ý
̵ҼŮ˵ýһҪ˭ҵءżҼҶӻûءżˡ
ǻǵģ˵ýҲޣ۶
̵ǿ˵׼ҪǶ˲֧ɵĲģسҲ϶ȥġ
̫̫żˣɱ𰡣˭֧˵ɶɶ˭ʹ죿ģȻʹˣڼ˵㻰ģ˭Ҳ֧Ĺ۴ȡ
ԣ͵в򡣡
̣
ͳͳĹԱᡣ
ǨʽΪ˰ңʵΪͳͷȥ
Ȼǳɹġ
õڶǳȴˣͬ־ǣҺͬ־ͨˣǻֽļСͳͬ־ǣ˵ǴûᡣǳĹҪСͳһֱǼʣµģǵռгˡ
ֵ𣿡
ûҪʼнȡˡ˱ֽһŪһЩʱǾʹűֽȥ̸۵Щλ֪ǳ˳ַڴӣطЩͳǸ㡣ôԼŰ졣ľΪǴ
Ҳ˼ˡ̨ӴˡôĺòãǾЩ۵¶ˡ
ôõۣһǰǹɹģɵĺþܶǮ
ⲻ׬ǮҲԼ
ռ͵۲йѹûй
Ҫ֮󣬸Ħȭơ
ⶣţһҪʱκʱ򶼲ܽͱעҪϸҪԼ
ǳڻ𲽽׶Σ㲻÷չ׶ΣκһСܾͻ֮ǰŬԸһ㣬ҲҪ֤⡣
վ֤ұ֤񡣡
ɢټ۲Ҳ˸ᡣ
Է
ôҼ˼棬ôﵽҪ
ɢᣬҲû뷨
ЩΪѵӣΣҸɢᣬ϶ûü룬ҪҺۣۺ֮¼ٸ㿴
ξʱѧϰˡ
Ͳһˡ
¶Ҫˡ
Щա
֪ԼǸ֪࣬ûиףһֱŬҲɼ
֮ǰҲһֱܸмĻᣬŬ˲ţҲչˣƽʱҲȥλ
ڡ
Ĭһ£ûڵ˼ɴаɣ㸺ɡ
Ȼˡ
ҿ
񣺡˵ˣ
ûû˵εҡҡͷֻϿɲǵĸ磬Ŀŵĺθܰ
˰칫ң黹ǲáİ鶼뿴ˡ
ҲӰ칫ҳ׼ȥӲһ棬ͺզһ˰أ
ࣺ濪ɡ
üͷһ֪¶ˣߣȥҰ칫̸
칫ң˸һ˵ĸоﻹǾܡ֪Ժզ졣
ˮ˵ɣɶˡǶŮͬ־Ҳ֪磬ûɶ˵ġ
࿴һۣ֪ôڡ
˵ⲻԺֻ⡣
ﻹǺģ֪ûɶ˽ġ
ɴŵӰ֮ǰڻҵ¶˵ˡ˻֮⣬ƽʱҲǡ
֮󣬳ĬƬ̡
ʵڲ֪ôܲ͡˵˼ǿˣĹΪùɡ
˵ʵŮ¶õ˲ò͡
ر֪ͱ֮͸òˡ
ԼҲû飬֪ôõġ
ЩίǣҲҲŽգʱܡ
ø˰ͻȻ̧ͷ
ࣺ
˸ɻֵܸѵˣ˵ңǳиܹһ棬Ұ⳧ӹãζҪ͵Цˡ
죬ɶ
¶۵¶Ͳҹܳ¶˵ʵڵģȻܣ治ȥԼȥÿλ̸⡣㷢Ҳǰ˶ٷģǰĳɼġƶˣȥŻǴСá㿴Ϊȥû
죬ǣҹܳ¶᲻ˣ
Ҹɶ˰ҹܳ¶Ҿȥܶ¶Ҫ˰ҹܶ͸ˣһȥһ¡

౻˵ƿˡͻȻԼո뷨С
ȻԼ֮Ĳ಻һǰ㡣
֣۽ǲһ
ҲֵҿҲûǸҰģҺɶġͼ֣쵼ذɡͬ־Ŭǰúһǲǣ
Լֱһš
˺֮ľȷʵܴ
ǣԲҴˡҲôСۣԼͬ־
û¶ҲȱѡԺסˣĲҪȥ¶Ҫѧ˾С۾Ҫǰ濴
֣صͷ
ҶˣһӾɢˣЦŵҿͬ־͵ܽòáúãҲġ
ĵͬ־ֵƮˡ
лҪ˵ʮ


138 
ǻȥ֮, ͺͰ칫ͬ˵ռ͵š
˵Ǹ·, Ҹǵĺܺ, ʦȥƵķӡȻ¥, ȷʵ
˼סķӱЩסسǵ˿ܻû˼ҼסĿ
⻰ˡ
Щ˲š
ȥũͬ־, Ҳȥũ壬Ҳû˵ôðɡסķǱǿĺӱǳأҲǼ˼һġӻƣ©ꡣȥһڣǷûסˡ
ǹȥ, ·治һ, ˮˮأᳱʪ˼ǷҲש߷áͷϴƬǿ
дӵŮµ, ҪǵλҲܸǲǷӾͺˣҲԸǮǷӰ
칫ﶼ˶
סسǵģ˭ҷӶסίǼҲסλķء
ʱ, ĸӾ, ƬҲϴˡ
ͰѸӸ
ϾǰŵĹ, Ҫ㱨һ¡
æĽ蹤ˡ
˲
ϸһû, ͱЩƬȾˡ
Ⱥڶܸ˰
ǰƬյĻǰĵģץĵġ
ռ͵ĹԽԽˡ
ϸĿӡ
Ҫдռ͵״дռͣ벻ռ͵ľ֧Сͳ
ϴȥʱ⳧ӻûá
һѾʼˡ
ҿӸĻģġ
Ƕ̲סпˣռͰܲжǿ
Щλ˵ǰ˵βſ
ԽԽ⣬رʱ¼һ仰׬һǮΪԱһǮ;һů
ǵΪϰջǮ˵Ǯܸʲô
ŸӾô𣿡
ôƬҲôӶѧϰѧϰҲָһģһҪѧᣬҪΪԱǡΪؼɲָֻܸ򣬸ôҲҪԼදԣָǴ㣬
ǾͶܲ⡣ҲǾ֮ǰʮӰ죬ЩɲǵӺСʲôȥʲôߣֻҪĹ
ԽԽɴڸϻдӰĳ
ǿ϶ռͺռͳ
͵ﱨֽڿ
ôռͣʱԼŵͬ־㿿ףԲɹˡҪȻ治֪ôء
ﱨֽڿͷıȽϿˡһţڶ·ˡ
ûֽڿ͵ˡ
ȿֽĹϰա
ƽʱֽҲûɶµݣǿ佱ĳɵúã߹ɶµİ֮ģεǲһһϢĴӰĳ
治»ǲͼֱ۵ķӳһռ͵ĴŬ쳧ƷʣѳӰ֮׬Ǯһûȫ֧ԮԱӣǴҸ
ֽϻ·ӵĲͼԼȺʵҵЦݡ
Ҫ˵ͬ־жĽũͬ־ǻûС
Ͼȷʵá
Ǿһ㣬ЩĽˡǾǴӲũǷӵ¶
ⷿӸǵĶ
ٿԼһ˼һС䣬֪˵ɶˡ
Ľһ֮࣬ҲСͳָסˡ
ӵ칫ĵ绰ġ
Դĵ绰ﱨֽڿˣռͺСͳ¶ǻΪ⣬ĴӰĳֱ˵ˡûλõ֯쵼
ռͿǳˡ
һ۾ˣǣдĶ಻డ
࣬Ҫռ˰ҳˡ
С𣿡
УǺ칫ҲմˡЦŵ
ЦզմأⱾǹͬοǶæأҪȻҲ벻ˡ
ϲãȻǹͬҲ˵ˡҪҪֽڿ
Ҫһȥ򼸷ݣǶ˶
ҲãǺ£ԱǶһ£ٽ
˵绰֮˷ܵĴϱˡ
Ͻλȥȥֽ
ʮֹ֡ͳҪõҲɲԼԱҲһЩ
ľȥˡ
Ǳ죬Сʱվűֽˣ·Ҳǿ˱ֽģʱһ˷ܡ
㣬һأ
񣺡ɶ
յⲻ𣬰͹ˣҵ쵼ˣҲ¶һǿ
ЦЦ־
˱ֽ˰ţո۲ùȥԺҲǳȥӵĵˡ
ԼʣµıֽӲͬ־
Ӹɲ֪ѾǱֽˣĵƬһϲ
ô찡һĥŲ֪ܲء
۾Ŭÿһ֡
ɲҲ˷ܵĿš
ģܲ𣿡
ǻ
ɲǸˡ
ͷǵġ
ĴӽĳءμĲˡ
ɲҲϲЦտġ
ÿһݣԼ
ŴҸˣҲԼһ뷨ôǣô϶ǣҲҪŬи顣ӼС棬ĸӸɵĺãǾͽһͷСӷԡ
մ󱦵һٶడ
ԼķԵĿɺأͳĺöιųԵġ
һٶզˣֻҪǷˣʳֵĶˣһٶͲɶ̼ͺϺӴҲ֪ͨһ£ӣĸĶߣҾ͸ǽ
մĿۡ
Ҳ
ɶԼϻءչϳɱҲͣʡǮءýҪСǮԱԣҪġϻؽͲˡռûֻҪúøɣһͬʡ
Ȼе᲻áڶﻰȨҪϴҲ۹ⳤԶҲûԡֻŵʱĴӵĽһҪݵ
ܿ죬Ϣʹˡ
һռϱֽˣسˣ˵Ǵ㡣ǸСŬֲĸСƽĶߣ׾͸ĸСӽһͷ
Ϣöּˡ
ǰǾϵõ㣬ùԺ߳ȥĽԺ߳ȥ˸˸߿һˡ
һϢʵݡҪԼĺã׻ܰ׳ء
СӳĦȭƵģ׼ͷ
̼ͺϺӴҲ˵¶ˡ
ߴӲֲϵԱһܵýɻоˡ
ɲȫӵ˲¶ֻһ˲ֲأʱҲʹһ֣Щ˷֣ÿÿҪһЩġ
ԼԼֲϣܵýôõ¶˭⣿
ռզôء
ҪԺһֱռϾͺˡǧöջȥˡ
лҪ˵ôôգд㣬дͣ


139 
ıֽڿ, ռ͵СͳһӾˡ
ζСͳˡ
ǰΪ˳, ǿȥԶĵطϵҵλ, ڹ֮, Ͳ֮ܺǰһˡ
Ϊи׶޷ԣǾɱ
ڼſ, ɶҪԶء
Ϊûоûа취ֻܿĸλͲˣٲ㵥ӡ
ǵͬ־뷽跨İǳӵĹˣ˾ˣ۲ĿͲһˣڵĿȡͳ, Ϊλ͵ѡֻǵλṩ˵, λټʣµġ
Ҳ¶ˣԼѧ⡣ͺһҪŬΪ쵼⣬Ϊ쵼⡣
⿪ᡣô˼档
ԱǿڲŶ, ؼǻᴵţֽļͰͳ˸׳졣
ʲôؼӵλؼλˡűֽɾȥ, Ҫ֪ͳߴϡ
һС, 󳧡ȻҲʮˡ
ͷ, ԼλԱĿڲŻϿɵģϸĵһ⣬һ, ⳧ΪʲôأӣôŪȥ

ԱץԴ˼
Ӵôӣզɴȥλò
ڼ߶ɶϻأӻˡ
һЦΣۿô˵ǽɶ͵ȡġرԼȥްϹѧѧ˼ǰһʹﶹӺãΪ˱֤ʣ۾ͽܲô˵
а㲻ԱߵһԱļ
ԱҲЦӯӯĿͬ־˵
ҲϲĿ
ͬ־˵ܺá˵ͨҰǳƷʵľҲֳˡܺã
˵Ĵָ
ʱ˵ĲˣһԺ
̲סЦˡ˵ûµ˻£Ӧø˲Ŷԡ
ҲΪ˺ģֻΪ˰ѹĸá
۲Ͱһֵƶˣصʹǵϻغӻأǵ϶ãȻٴǡһ˵ˡ
ཫƶõķȥĿ
һʱˣƻ˭ģ
Цһ˼ģͬ־ṩ˱ȽҪ۵㡣
ܲƷһҪĸˣ۲ŵ뷨Ҳǰˡ
Ȼ˵Ǳ޵ģѹж
ͬ־۲ź̫ܲˣֻܲϵھԼƣȥĳɼӶǿġԱҲܸлǡ
༤ˣΪһ֪࣬Ҳڼ볧֮󣬲ᵽũֳɾ͸С
ǣǼסˣԺ󻹻᲻ġһѳǿΪӵľ֧ôԱϸҸ
ص֮Ҳ˸ԼŶӴѪһԼ顣
˵ǳȱĳͣҪŵ졣ɼԼɳġȫô೧ӣҲûǳӶԹôˣÿ½𲻶ϣʱ򶼳ˡûһǵûرӣ۵øλǳӲʣҪΪĵλ͵ѡλ
˶ʵֻҪǵϣǾܼӱĻر
ͺСͳԴʵһĹ˲ֹܵԱǵϲأھϸǲϵõرǺʹɻ
һǾͶ׷ӦΣİɣ۳ԺԲǳʣġ
ԣǲʣµġ
ͷ׳־ȭͷҪͷǣԵһ⣡
ȡ
ͳĵһгѡسǡ
سǵλ࣬Ҳࡣгܹһ룬ʵ͹ǳӷչˡ
̸ͺ̸ˣıֽڿ֤ǳӰĺãã·㡣һǵõʾĺóӡ
λҪͣǾѡСͳҪǵһʱԲ᲻Ҳûϵýÿܰʵ͹ҲУ֤Ե÷ĳԵİģĴ⡣
ףﱻﻹ˻һͳǩڹ͵ĵλܾŻݡ
ŻݣСͳ˳ＸҵλĳڹͺЭ顣
ԺСͳֹż͸ǡǳڹ̶ĹӦ
۲ŵĹǿᡣ
ͬ־ǣ۲ͬ־ѾǸһ⣬ԲԵõǿǵıˣ϶æǶֵõġĸɲԱǿõġɼˣҲǵġɲɣ
ɣ
Ź˶־
ǿ˱ֽĳɲˡ
˶ԲǷҲԲǸǵĽ
Сͳɵݱģһ͹ÿ춼æĲˡ
ԱǿųĳӣҲ̤ʵĲˡɻʱŽ곧Ч϶ﲹǸǷӵǮܹ׬ˡ
Ժ϶á
һүЦŵǿ˵ˣ׬һǮǻһǮԺ϶ԽԽá
ϱԱԴɶأŻǮϽɻѶֺáûͣһǮûģ
ԱԱ״Ц

Сͳڳ˹̶Ĺλ֮Ͱ֮ǰڳﳣפۻԱлˡ
λ֮ǰȥһƱĹˡһֱеСַŵġ
֪࣬׼ǻ˳㸴ϰˡ
ˡ
ȻسҲȥسפҲǻسǸɻˡ
ǾĿףÿŴڣʼǺɣǿԱܣÿýõ˭Ҳסؼÿ͵Ķ̫̫ϴǣһͺǳ졣ֲܺ˼ҹۻԱһɫЦһӦ˼ңṩʵķ񡭡Ӧʮּѣꡣ
Ūɸˡ
ڶáʶˣԵúסúáɵҲо
ԭΪҪȻˡ˼һû
˵Ҷȥԣֻ͸ðŮͬ־ȥߴð˴̵ɷˡҲŮͬ־ʺӦ¶
ҶҪسˣ˷ܵĲˡֻǿԼ๤ŬЦġ
ôڮݹͺֱˡǼ˼ҲҪĹ
Ŭۣܣͱ˵¶ʺŮͬ־ڶ˼µˣ˭һãǿţһܸ˵Ļ
ۻԱʱͿ˿ȣһͬ־ɲУô˵ᱻͶߵġ
ҶһǶɶԴ֣ҪͬһңԴͻͬϸһ͡ԽǼ̱Խ֪ôԸ֪֪ˡ
˼飬˵þˡ

ЦҶͬ־˼ֻܲҪɵĺãһ겻ͶߣҸ㷢ۻԱĽ״
Ҷԣģ
ǵȻ˶֤
ԱǶͷʾͬ
ҶʱЦˣУҼסˡǲûɶð졣
лҪ˵˵ôôա


140 
ͷ쳧Ǯˡ
ӿ³ڲ⼸µʱ, ͻ˴ʵĿӡǮ, ӸɲҲˡ֮ǰ˽ӵǮեͻ, ǻһֱĻ, ڿɲõˡټ򲻶ϵԱǮӣռ͵ڿǳˡˡ
ǵ
ɲһĬ
, ӵǮǱ߽߸ģǻԲ׬ҪǷչҽķܶ
˵žվˣڶСľ水ŷ۱дƻ
ϳӹӼͳեͻ
ӸɲǿĿɿڴġ
ְϳҽһ¡רŸʳĳӡ֮󳤵Ŀ졣
, ģҲ󡣱˵ϳ, ׼Ūһ׻СˣȹӦԼҲŵģϾǿեͳ, եͳЩͲӲ˷ѣֱιݳޣЩ׿ϵġֳɵĶ, ɱߡ
ĵ, ϳιϣ
Цŵ, ȻУǿҪȥҡسǻûС
ӹҲҪӻǼ׳ϾԶģСͳϾи, ԺҪһۣǻǵŪһµĻեͻ͸˵ˣǶĿǰ֧
Щš
úò׬Ǯָȥˡ
Ŵң˼ʱ䡣
ƻǾԼоġ
Ժ˻ԽԽ࣬ҲࡣռͳͼӹʣµЩΪϼӹԭϺܺʡϼӹ˵һٶá
ûǮģͲ̫󣬵ǿҪԺ
߳һͺˡ
մۣǮûء
ЦŸʲôܹȥǱ¡۵ǿ鹤ҵɲǺÿģĸ
ռʹӵĸɲѾϰǮֱˡ
Ȼ֪Ǯ죬ǮҲ졣
ȥǮܿܳɱɱ׬һռӸĲҵ
ԼۣҲҧͬˡ׼˵¶㶨
Ǽ׳Ҫؽ֮ǰϷӿɲˣȻԺҪԱṩ׼ķҲҪԼǾ͵ð󡣶ҲܽڶˣȥӵĹҵ
ѾоˣȫԳе
ее¶մҲϾеϤˡ
Ҳȥ졣
Ψһľϳ¶˰첻ˡ
Ϊû
ǸֳģֻҪ˵еǾûͬ־첻¶
ֱڰ칫Ҹִ˸绰ϻеС
츱ԾǴ϶Ҫˣũι𣿡
յѽ֣˵˵ɣǼء
츱͵ȷʵУһ׻еҲ˰ɡ𣿡
ոɴѵ绰񡣡ѽ֣㱻ƲռͰˣ˵ɡ
츱ʲôʱռˡǺˣ
Ц쳧ģԭϣԲһ׼ӹġ
츱˵˼֣ܲܶԼΪ쵼ķ緶
ŶСհǵպ˵ˡҪ豸Уе򲻵Ϊǵѧǵרŵϳѧ豸˵ʵ豸ⲻĿǰڹڵ󻹲ǺܴҲԸƹ豸ֻҪõóǮСҪǼˣǵԼ
Ҳ츱󿴺ռ͵ԭ
ѧҪ֪ʶСҪְֵĽ̡û첻
µطȻ֪֧Ԯ˭֪֪ɶʱͻسˡ
Ϊ쵼һֱԹģرɶܾ֮ԼĹŮܿҪġ
ЦŵֻҪһ£ԼǺܸл֧֡
Ŵ绰һ£ⲻ츱Ȼֵðæ
Ů˵ˣÿ춼ʦѧϰܴ󡣻˵ܾҪسˡ
츱ӵ绰ԼŮɳˣֲǳԹͷӣĸлҲлŮӵռ͵ġ
츱Լ֮׼ȥˡ
¶ҲͶɲ˵һ¡
Ŀڵͷȥ°ɣ¶ұ֤ܺãʱû׼µļ׳ػںˡ
մ󱦵еեͻҲ̸ˣͷİɡ
Сҿأ·Ҳûġ¸סȥһˡ
ѧУްҲأҲ׼ΪƸ¹׼
Цŵұ붣һµģôһ˵һûɶĵˡУҲģұ֤¼µ豸
ȥ豸¼¶Ҳܿͱ֪ˡ
ʱ򣬺Щصء
ӴӸɲǺǼԱ֪˶ķչƻ
ǲ״ǰŲűˣָµĶˡ
ⲻҪեͻˣҪ½ӹҪɶϳǴвеĶ˵¼ءȥǲõ
Ҳ֪ȥǮģֻ֪ǳȥ豸ġʱܺͳһ׬Ǯˡ
ҵʱ򻹻иĹλԱܹ߽浱ˡ
ʱ򣬺һȺͱ
ǴһġҲˡ
ֱϾֳģϳҲйϵȥ֮ÿȥֳһЩȽϺáרҵˡ
ԼǲģǰѧĶʱˡ
׼ͦãΨһľպ࿴˳ۡû¶ͻ༷һ¡Լô󣬱ʱԼĹ͡
˼˵ֶҲǲָߵ͡ҪôձۣҪô
񶼿ȥˣ⶷ȥӣҾ𵱳ʱ

һӰˡ
Ŵ⣬һҲǰЩʷ
˺ǣͷֱǰջؼȥ֣ǸϳĻе豸̴
ȥõƷ֡
յ㣬ɶҪҲȥǼҰɣҰرлء
ۣȥҼҰɣǺôͬѧҰҲԷ
ȥҳԷռıˡյһͬ־Ůͬ־ԷʲôĿģ
ʲôĿģجΣ
˫һ̯ˣҶȥһҪȥ¶ҽյúϢһϣһȥ¡
յ㣬һҪҪһ𰡡
ãҿҲǺǳءЦǰҽĹİˡ
պҲˣԹԵĻؼҰȥ
ǷֱϳˣҲǰϳĹ
ĿǰڹڻûռũΪι׿ˮιҲǽʡɱ˭Ҳ⻨Ǯι
ȷʵҲóԡ
ãóǺóԣɶĿǰռ˵ƽʱܹһˣòóԵûôҪ
һʳƷõӦ㹻ˣˣܿʼǲǺóԡ
ϳǱеġϳҲģ
ʱԽܸҸ׿ũﻻ
ϳ³ˡϳĴţͱĳӱܲۡ
ûȥϳ棬תͷȥ˸Ĺסլ
ռûм˲ҪкܶݵϼءֻҪĳǮͲ벻λȥʡ
лҪ˵ʮ


141 
ԼΪ֪, Ҳ֪¶Ҳܶ೧һӰ졣
ǾǺܶϹΪԼĺܹڳ, û, ֱӰѸλԼĺӡһϹ˻һС, Գ˵ʧЩϹ˳˸λ֮Ҳû䣬úõļ˾ô˷ˡ
رϳֳӸϧΪϳǽЩųֵͳӡ˰·ֳӵġŸ˼Ϥ, ΪЩԭˣ൱ϧ
˾棬ͿһЩϳװġ
˸źӵ긾Ůλ긾Ů࣬ͺһ̣λ̣һ, ûסһλ֮ǰɹϳε, ˽ɶˡ
긾Ůʲôѽ
ЦŵģҪ쳧, иƼλεģ˽ʲôˡ
˵ŰԼ֤˼ҿ˿
֤Ůͬ־ͷ, ʵ, ˵ΰɡ
𣿰ѽ, ҵʱ̫ˣûֻ֪ڳɹεģˡ
Ӧþ, һˡ
һĵˡ׼ҪûΣ˵ǴˣӦǸĸɲɶġȻ˾͸ˡ
ϲӦþǵģסﰡ
գڶŷӵţһ¥ˡ
æлȻֱλμ
ȻǰǸεģҷҲվͿĹ⾰ˣһŴ
ͷλ
һξͻͷˡ
ݿͦģ쵼ӡ
ǡ÷üͷȻûϳ
ЦŵãǴӺ·ŵ֪࣬ӵδǡ̸̸ܽ𣿡
Աļţ÷һĿôӳ
֤𣿡÷ʵ
ǰЩͷץ˭֪ڻûأκοԱҪŵ㡣
ЦͳԼ֤
÷һ֤أ﹫綼ӵġǴǰ
ͬ־˵ɡ
¹զôǴũĸɲܲ˵
÷ҪˮЦŵΣɱŶ¶Ҫ̸ġ
÷Ǽָˮˣˡ
ЦҾͲĺһˡ
÷ͷҲСʲô¶
ͰѶҪϳȱԱ¶˵ˡҿ֪кܶݵϹˣǸ˺ܾãļġһιֹҪ̸豸⣬һ뼸λϼ˻ȥʡסǳ＼ʵĹʸҲҪã¾ͳɡ
÷һȣЩݵȥǵʣǿɶҲడ
ЦֻҪǰÿڵĹþСҲεԭô꣬϶ҲһͬڵϹˣ֪˭ҵĺòãҲ֪֮ǰǸڹġֻҪÿڵȫˣˡģȻũ壬ס޻ԵҲԼͳ˵ˮԹ¾㱸ֻȴЩˡ
˵Щɰ÷˵ˡ
ںסŵģﻹǲǮЩϳĹ˶ǴӲͬĳģΪʽӣЧҲһ㣬Ǵӳ֮󣬳﷢Ĳǳ͡ر⼸ЩΪԼĺӣǰˣһ㲹ûˡ׬ǮĻᣬȻס
ΨһҪǵģЩԶ֪жԸġ
÷ôǵ쵼ˣеġðס˲ȥǿ϶Ҳȥġ
ǳļʹʿɲأͨʮ࣬ʵʮˡ
˵ģǰ԰סģһʮ࣬¾һʮء
ֵǱԼͳ泧ҪҲǱܱˣҪƱ֤
ɰ÷׵Ĵˡ
УҸҡ¶ñ֤Ҫɣͷˣֲˣҿɲý
ЦܰģΪ˰¶ģҪȻҴԶĹƭҲûôȰ˸ҺáһҪӲͿɵġҪȻǴӣҲûʹӽ
ġ÷ĿڵҺôôĳ䣬˭ɻã˭ã
ôǰΰæ飬ɸʡ¶ˡ
ԼȥһĴ˭òã˭Ǹɶˡ÷ܸҵλҪˡ
ҺЩϹϵˣȥ̸豸ʱˣҲǳ⡣
һߣ÷ˣΧȹͳȥˡ
Ҳĺܣ˵Լǧҵ·ӣΪľǸЩͬ־ҵ׬Ǯ·ӡ
¹ֲȥģЩϹ˿ɸмˡ
ֱӰҪÿڵĹ˶ѡһһϵİӡ
ǻȥ׼˼̸豸֮͵øһġ
Щͬ־һ̵ġ
ǵһӵĻ㹤ˣȥ˼ҵʻͷһءоͦʡ
ؼȷʵûǮˡȥ׬һٶǮɱڼǿ
ںǳӲˣǹˣͲЩ˵ˡ
Щ˿˭ļˡ
Լ⸽дϢһϣڶϳſڵǡ
סƫƧûͳˡ
һͰԼҹõıʼǸ
Ұ˵ҪõƷ֡Ҳ˵ˣȷʵĿܶࡣ
ӹһʼĺϸ£ҪЩƷ֣Ȼÿ;ôдˡ
ͬ־ɵĺܲ
סû⣬ŬάԼΪ
˸һպҲˣŮгġ
񿴵츱ˣЦŵպˡ
һʱһ¡
Ͼȥλš
ͷ档̧ͷ֡
еᵽһ㣬ĲųҪȻĻûϣ̧ͷûأԶԷʱ򣬾;ðˡҪǳˣ˵ȥˡ
ؼңָ±˻˵ĺһôȽϣûǸֵӱȽϺá
츱棬ֿ˺ü䣬лյչˡ
ڳ£̸¶һˡ츱ĵ
ЦǿɲҵĹͣλʦϸĽ̵
˵ǣҲλʦȥˡȻĹҲǲĥģҹŮԣҪ˹ŵġ
ҲΪճɳˡ
̵Ц
Ȼ󿴵ˣͬ־һ£Ұֳ֣
Ʋһۣһ쳧
ҲܵλǶǸɣǳֳҵǶҲָġ
츱˿ϲˣرһˣЦҲ˼֣ͬ־Ϊ
ЦЦû˵첻֪˵ʲô
츱Ǹʵˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


142 
ռԼ־ȻЦ, , ʱͲ, , ɶ̬ȡ
츱ɫͬ־, ͬ־̬𣿡
գ
ձˣʱüˣαû£Ҳġ
ָ
츱ѹ, Ȼ, Ƣ⡣
αҡͷ
츱ˡ
ﵱȻĹԼŮڼˣɲӡԼҹŮ米, ҪǵˣʲôǲʹСӾͲˡԸոżԼŮӡ
ڿҲ, С۵ˡ, Ǹ
ĬĬĿ츱̬, ĵҪ츱֪֮ǰС˼֪ܲôƽ͵ά
룬ûͽȥ, ûˣͺ츱˵¶
֪Ĺ̻᲻ɶѣǼ۸ܱܲ˵㡣ϾũӣÿһǮũͬ־ѪǮ뾡ʡġ
츱ʾ򵽵ģϾȫضûռ󣬳ҲࡣԶֳƹҲǱ֧̬ȵġ
ǰɣǮ϶˾ˡϾǼر¼ڹǶǺġ
ͬ־⻰ǷˡֻҪûСļǮģû̸
ռ͵شũҲûкôģǾǿԲϵֲ
ִ˼λ쵼Ƣôò˵֮ġ
츱һĳ쵼ǶǾ֮ʱġ³ӵ쵼ģǶǷ߳ġ˿ûһ˽ĶûУһرֻ޲ðȥ顣Ҫ֪ˣͲˡ
ŰԼҲһ¡
ĵıжˡѧһЩϣ֪֮ǶôѡǿЩǰһĽġﶸȻӿһɺ׳־ԺҲҪռͷչãԼ֮󣬻ҪռһƶĵطϺӡⱲӾ͸ƶһ¶ˡ

츱£ǽû⡣
Ӵ˻Ǹ쵼
츱һ֮󣬲ſʼ̸豸¶
֪ǽֻΪ֮λոߵĳ쵼Цˣͬ־ΪʲôֱӴǳɹأֳɵϰԼԼҪˣǲǺ鷳𣿡
ЦũϰԼ㣬Ǯ;ò̤ʵԼһ׻ȥԲñȽϺáզҲҪǮģһԻˡ
߳ǵһ˵־Щũͬ־뷨ͦʵ
Ǯɲ˰
ȫսǴҲս
ͬ־еѪԡ̲߳סЦ
˵ΰͬ־ȫĻ£ս㹤ҵ裬ղڱȽƵĹҵϵˡ
˭㷢չʱսء
ЦԱͬ־ǶԸս㷢չǮǮǲ֪λܲҲǳǮ֮⣬ñĶˡ
߳üͷһ壬׼ʲôˣ
ͳԵйص۶ãӹͳﻹ˸ׯڡ
߳һ۾˼֡
ӿɲһ㰡ũͬ־ɶʱôܸˣֵػῪ
츱Ȼ׼ŽۣҲʱİ˵һ䣬ʳҲǲģҳ˶ƤԡҪǸֳûλͬ־ҪĶҲԸյġϾǳ˶࣬ȱʳԡ
߳ЦٰԲ˶ʳʳͺ⻹ǿԵġɣһ֣ǶǶｨ֧֡
ǴӼ߹ġ߳ռ־еͬܡĵһ¡
ʡһǮɸˡ
߳ҵôռȫԱл͹λ֧֣ǽߵĸ˳ˡ
߳Цû£һϣǺԱǶϵĺôⶫȷʵĸ졣Ҳ֪Աͬ־᲻ãݣǡȫԣøԱͬ־ռһЩ֪ʶ
ЦǾԻġ
ֻһߡ
ϳУµĸ߳᲻øģǲһõߣҲֻ˼ѡΪǾ鲻㣬϶ڵߵġڼ۸͡ûȥԼȫˡ
Ҳ
Ҳ֪ʱޣɶûС˵Ժԣٻװ
߳˻ͦãҪҪŹ˹ѧȻסҪˡ⻹Ҫһѧѡ
ˣԼмԱ
߳жģ
ЦŵͷУ˶ⷽˡ
⡭ģ߳ˣҪڱ룬ҲڴԶɡ
ĥ¶Ҳˣʹ󷽷˵ˡ
߳
˵߳ˣ츱Ծˡ
ô㣿ݹˣ
Ҳĥżſȹ˹ѧҪʱ䣬ݹڼҲţǡͬʱҲǸӵ롣ԼҲ֪֪࣬ݹ˵ǶмܹʱҲǺܿϧġ
߳д
Щ˿ɶǴӸصĹˣǶǾʱġ
Ҳû취λô࣬Щ˼ﶼкӡΪ˺ӻسǻ߸ɴڳֻܻˡ
пЦСͬ־һøлˡǳݹ˸ɡ
Цǻ֧֡ͬ־ܹԸȥũ㽨裬ѾܸмˡʵϳҲЩ顣
߳ʲô飿
ϳ֪̫ˣܶϰո֪ⶫҾȫڱֽóóĿ֤ιι㡣ǲţԸһЩƷÿӻ߹ʵ顣ǰڿܻ׬ʲô㣬һӣȫǺܴġ
ʵ֮ǰ׼ϳ⣬Ȼ󷽱Լ̸ˡ츱֮ǰǻ֮Լ̸ЩԲЩǰˡ
һ˳ɴҲͰ׸Ὠ顣
ҷϵкܴһũϣλҲŽܸʶһҲƹϣҲܽʡɱ
߳ţĶˡ̲֮סСͬ־԰쳧ĵð
֣ûУҲԼᣬҲ֪ûáĸлλǴӵ֧֣һౡ֮
룬Ǹ߳Լ¶ʵλƹĸףȫԿֳ
߳ЦŵҲ۹ʵûôʱ쳧ҪǮġ
һҼҵİ죬ռֳͣȫǱֳ߰ǳǳأ˺ͳռͰ˷ֳƽǿԽƹ㣬ũ壬ֳҲ࣬ũͬ־Ҳ࣬ǳⶫϾĻũũ峧ӵ϶ʱ뵽˺ܳˡ
˵⻰츱졣Ů쵼ǲǸɴǵİһһһ׵ġǹŮҲشˡ
߳ǳĬĿȻЦСͬ־ɲʵǰ쳧
Ц߳ҲʵҾͻһʼ顣ûСö֮󣬲Щ顣οռȫ߱쳧ʵġҸṩһ㽨顣Բطϡ
߳Цҡͷû˵ɶʵЩĶˡ
ϳҪ߳ȥҪ󣬱ضҪ̵ܶġһʱģҲֻЦŵȻڻܸǴ𸴣һǵøлΪǵλṩЩĽ顣ºһͳ쵼ġҪ̸ˣǳԸʾл
Цŵ쳧͸߳ǵ롣
츱Ҳͣ˵ǿ͡
ˣǳ롣߳û׼Ժء
츱ûˡ
Ҳˣ̬߳ȣ˵֮ǰ˵Щ黹ЩĶġ
극֮Ͱ
Щ豸ʱɺרŵ乫˾͹ȥֻҪųµˡ
ֻ˰ǧǮĻһֻʵֿۡ
ָ߳û׼ĺãֿ۶Ҫˡ
ЦǿǸǼฺ̫ˡ֮á
츱͵͵ԼŮûѧŵ㡣
˼һأզûѧһأŮҪôϢˣֱùŮȥµġŮˣܵ쵼ġ
һĪ֣ûհɣѧ㣬ҲøӰ
̫֪֮ˡֱһЦ
츱
лҪ˵ôôգŵ


143 
¶, Լһ缯ϵʱص, ǻȥ, Լȥ֪ͨλ÷Ρ
÷һ˵İ, ˵òˣ˿ûڴǰˡ
Ա, ʲôֵĶдˡ
ǵ쵼ĺôˣЩǶճ㷹оġûɶ
ĥλȥˣλΰŴռ͵ĹԱôù
ΣҿлΪǳṩİ, ȥ˻Ǵӵ, Ҳ˸ߡһж鷳ˡ 
ֿ˻Ǳδˡ
˵⻰Ҳ㱣֤ˣ£ǾԺúý, úôͽܡ
ҲЦŵͷ
ֻҪЩ˺úý̾ͳɡµľǷܹ
뿪ϳ֮󣬸߳ҲԼİ칫һ
ΪϵĳҲǺصġ
ֹҪ, ҲҪ¶ռ, Ҫͬ־ǶԸϡ
ֶ治ð졣
ڵ֮, ȥ˸ֳ߷ùֳֶҲģҲ˵ܴΪǸϲ׿֮ι, ɱ͡
ϼ۸̫ˡ
ȥµĴ߷ùЩ´ӵֳ͸˵ˣϡԸԱȥι
ũͬ־˵ֶܳһιɶҪء˵֣۳ݾͲˣ
ϳڷչǰ治ÿ
ĶˡǸͬ־˵û׼ܴһӡ
Ҫ߳ȥũ忪ʼ
վóί칫ҵĸȥ֪ͨ쵼ᡣ
ûעЩˡ
Ȼһʼ׼ϳܹǱ߽˫ռʡǮǾܿԼľ;Լ鷳ˡҲ˵ˣ˼ԸԸ⣬ǾԸ¶ˡ
뿪֮ȥ˺ǰٻ̵꣬׼ռ㶫ȥ
ڹæҲѵܳôԶšﶫҲ٣Ǻ㡣
ǰٻ̵궫ȷʵܶ࣬תһȦүүһһϻʹˣ۾ǿĻģۣˡ
ָҶһ˵ֱҶ֮ǰһֱϴ·ɶģһ﹤ҪõõֱģɴҶһֱֻ
֮Ŷ׼ˡ
ԼЩûʲôҲûʲôгкȣ·ɾСҪǮЩܡ
񣿡
վվһûϳ
ͷͿվˡĵ⺣ǲСǿҲ󰡡
ⶼ
վһλŮҲ
ֻأǸˣżӡ
վˣûؼҿ
Цϣһؼҿ
㣬˵ʲôҺһֱдţء
ЦЦȥʲô綼ˣס£ҾͲȥǼˣ˵ˣҲģûʱȥ
վ㣬˭ŮͻȻʵ
վԼߵˣˡ
ŶǼλӵ֪డŮЦЦ񣬡ĺ˵ǳԲ𷹡·źöಹЬӶ𣬶ŽѾӡ˹𣿡
Цүү̻𣿡
Ůʲô
˵ũģҪǻڣǰǿ϶
Ůʱɫô˵ģ
ǲ˵վתͷ񣬡񣬰Сע˵
ðɣһ˵λСÿӰôȤȥһ¡ϾͬĵطͬҵĻشũ塣
аСʱҪˡ
վüͷ񣬡ôˣ
ҺܳϿҵģˣ˭ۼݵСôʶ
վ˺ѵá
ͷЦԭѵðһΪأСʱҲûִܹɡɵáаɣù֣һûȥأһæúܡ
˵ˡ
վס˵˵¶иİҲ߲ƵĲˡ
վ㣬ôûн
վˣʱ̫ˡ
̫ûòˣҺ㲻ҪȻҰ϶ϲ
վһ£Цôأô㻹֪
㵱ȻáԺҿ϶ݣ̫ˡ
վ⻰ڸոսסˡ
ҪǼ̫ˣЩ꣬Ҳῴô
ΪҵӰ죬ְֹȻûܵӰ죬ǺǰǲһˡǨˣĹҲܵӰ죬ũҵֱε˹ֳΪһͨڼƢҲôã賳ܡ
ɩҲڼ֡ġ
ۿָˣò׺Ͱ紦϶ˣҲæðֲҪ賳ˣﻹǰһٳ޵ʱܹеһЩ
һֱţҲؼҡڼﶼûָˡ
صվ洫ĳֵ
ֺɩӳˡ
һ˵ԷǼɨǣüһӶùһ˵ԷǺԭĶӺͶϱϳȥ
վվһûˣŸҽȥɩѾ˷䣬ɳĨᣬ̾Լյûˣһøһˡ
վȥ裬л˵
Ÿ䡣ȥֿ֮ʼʵ˵ӻôһҲؼˡÿ쳳ֵġǸɨǣҺôңڼҫģԹû֣˵ġôˡ
վο裬ˡ취ˣְλҲûӰ죬ۼһǺʹǰһ
޵ˣûˡ첻ǿˣ·޾ǿס
裬ô˵ֹһʱͿˡ㿴ǲģ겻ǻ߶û𣿡
ҲԼСŮˡվǿĹϵŦôúءٻȥҲаôûԼŮأ
վ׼˵Լ쿴ˡͻȻСͰǿˣ⹤Ϳճɡ
վҭסˣճ
ǰйȱһ׬ǮġճسǡˣҲûˡʱٻϱôڼȻ޳ȥˣһĵҲˣٻ񲻿ܺףֻһˣֻˣܺá

վһʱ䲻֪ôˡ
ⲻȱȱһǮ¶ԼǮΪʲôҪ֡ҪûҲܸ߿һۡ
ˣô֪ܲһ㣬ô˵ƫ
վͻȻúѹΪʲôΪ롣ǿԼӣȻѹҲûΪʲôƫġ
¶ҽԺ˵ɣڻûء
ͷԣȽ˵̾˿ҾӣϣǶĺá
վĬĬĵ˵ͷ
벻ͨΪʲôڼʱû⣬ֵ֮ǣҲƫġⶼΪʲôˣôƫƫ˵ˡ
лҪ˵ʮ


144 
дϢһ, ڶһ, ͺʹڳվˡ
Ѿ, ǽϳ, Ͼܵ
һģպ, ÷ˡ
ͷ׵ͬ־Ůǻ֮ͦǰ﷢ľɳϴøɸɾģϡ
ŸСİһ, ѵһʵͷ
ЩϹǻЩġ
˵Ǽ, Ǳøϡܶ˺ϳˡ
ĺǴкһ£Ȼ˶ǵĻӭ͸л
ЩϹ˼ͦͦôµ, Ҳܸˡ
ǴӵԱͬ־ǣɶŸλȥءοǹũһװȥ֮ҵͬ־һ¡
÷ȵ, Ҫ
ǰ, Ǳ, ֹũһ׵飬м尡
÷ϹˣλϹҲ־Щš
÷֣ص, ˵ûξǹũһףǹָũͬ־㽨裬岻ݴǣ
Ȿֻ׬㻨Ǯ¶һӾˡ
ҲǣҴǶũͬ־ȸлλͬ־ˡ
֮ǰļѪһ·Ȼ࣬ЩϹҲûԹɶ
Լͦΰ
ʱڳԼഺ֧֮Ԯҽũ塣Ƕôΰ鰡
ͷ·صǻһ
ת˺ü˳֮ǰسˡ
칫ͰŴˡ
׺սС˾һģ˶ſڳϿţ´ˡ
ǻˣ˵֡
кЩʡϳһںĳ档
ǰ˾ͬ־ȵöĹͬ־ˡ
Ӧһս࿴ۣĵĹʰ
ɶģ
ضԾͿˡ϶ʯ·Ӷֿȡ
ôˣ˶ûϢأ֪ϻһŷ붼Ҫӵ·ڵءųˣһľˡˣ
ϵҲֲѡ
ӸɲǶǰӭˡųһѧУǱܡ
˵ضЩĹʻţôô˰
ӭǵģԱͬ־֪Ǹ㽨裬ܸأһӭǡϧˣҪȻðӭʽǶô ҾȡˣϢ
ɰЩү̫̫ǸŪر𲻺˼ˡ黹ر𼤶
ⱲӾûܹôߵĴ
ôӭӰǸɴˡ
Щ˶ǰסģǰǰźסĵطˡдǹȥϢԼȥͶɲǽ¶
ԱҲΧˣôˣû¶
Цͬ־ǣҪˣոǼλҲǶļרҡʱǶ˶ȥѧѧѧ㼼ȹǶԼϳˡԺǸϣİװֵġǮ
һרңԱǶʱеߴϵĸо
б°ôרһˡ
ǻȥϢרϢˣﻹÿءٴ飬ҲӰˡ
ԱĻȥˡ
дЩϹǵΣͽˡպҲһ٣ǺúϢ
ԼҲĵĻȥϢ⼸Ҳˡ
ռҲûϢ
̸Ǵ֮󣬾һֱ߶ţԿࡣȻڴУһҲǺġ
Թһͬ־ûɶãôͲܿΡ
ҲԩѾŬˣܰѶ͹һ̯úܺˡ
˵Ǻøɲ
ɺĴУûɶ飬ȥ˶·ûǸ¡
Ҳû˰˵仰үүвĶ̡
°ҲС̫̫ŸɣҪȻֵø״װûҲûٰ
ͷʱ߸˵Ļؼˡ
үү̣һˣҸ۾ˡ
һ͸ϽվˣԼһţȥš
ɴĿš
̼ԺˣɸˣҼˣ⼸Կˣ˰ɣˡ
ЦɶԵĿɺˡٶ¹ӡǵǼ¶˾͸Ͻˡ
Ⱥˡ
Ͻҳ°ɻûأȥһٺõġ᲻á
°
˵ĺ᲻һСҲڲԼɡ
Цźһллˡ
ȻѸĶóˡ
үүһһϻӵСɡҶֱ
үү۾ñŤ
ⲻǴ֪ʶӲŴҲܴ˷ѰҲûĻ
Ц̣ϻרŸ˼Ҵģ֪ʶҲܴ֮ǿܶˡ
̾ʹˡȻŤȷʵȸոҪܶࡣͷϵƶˡ
ӴͷӣϻˣѹЩ֪ʶӶҪ۾ء
үүҲȲĴˡ
ȻҲʮ꣬ΪӪ۾Ͳˡ
ڴ֮󣬿ˡ
үүЦŵöǺö
СĵϹ˰ɡ
ƱͺأǷİɡ
ô˵̻ǲŵģ֪ڷ
;ÿģġ
ôӣһŮТ˳ءԺǮţ񵱼ױ
Ҳűɸ˵ĳţ߳Ա߹˵ллá
ȳ°żˣְҶֱҶżٻʱҶá
ֱ°Щ޴ˡ
ⶫɹˡ
̵ɶôõĶԼš
ЦҶ㶼ʮˣһֱˣҲ˸߿һۡ
ҼʮǮȻ࣬Ҳ
°мĶ֪ô˵ˡ
;ǰӶ͸ԼˡֱҶˡ
񰡣лл㣬ûı£ԺҪ۸㣬㺰ȥҰƴ壬Ƕƴ
ЦһƴɶҪҶҿĸı䣬ˡҪǲãҲܸ򰡡
Ҳ̵úá°Ц
̱һĴԼϻ֪ͺãԺǼ߷ʱ򣬶ͷ⡣ۿľС
°̫̫ϲˮ
ú̫ͶԼǿҶӶãҲѧŵ㣬ƽʱҲ㶫
Сհ׬ǮˣһҶÿ·
һүȥ
䣬ǱǮˡҶȻۻԱҲнġ˼ÿһͣһǮ͸˵ˣĹʶ񷢵ء
°ֻӲ¶־Ͷһơ
߳ż߿Ц
лҪ˵ôôգ
ɶʱ֡
ҵ˵һҪһأżҪѧ֮ˡҲԼŬأҪܳɹƾܶ񣬾ˣҲһ
ĻȽϳܶཨϸҲдĺԽȽΪһӾдռͰ˼ҳ˼·ʲôģдĹ̡һ߳Ǹ̡


145 
ȻȲϳ, ЩϹ˵һҲϢĺܺ, ûôܡѮ, ǶﾹȻ䱸ʡһ˯ͦá
һȥʳóԵ緹Եǰͷϡ̲ˡ
Ϲ͵͵ֹ, ũӹҲ
Ǽ̲˵ţɶ, ǰɲءǰ϶ӳ¶ֿҪǻóԺͷ
Աʰưиϱʱ˸
÷ʵôôˣ
ţˣȻǻ˺쵼¡ǺͶӳǶ֪, һġ
ǣ
ʵ
ţЦ, ǿɲǡСбˡһ͸Ƕ쳧Ƕҳ·, ѧУ飬ⲻ, ҲͿʱ, Ƕ·Ҳ, ·Ҳˣ˳
ЩϹȵĻӡ
ƺ벻λ, ı¡
ţָпûб۾Ͳ˵ˣؼҲرá׬һǮ͸ۻһǮбǣҲܻųԣ۽ӡ˵˵ôõˣȥҡ
ЩϹﶼһɾ塣
λ˵ģӾǸΪϸԱ
Ƕôΰ˽뷨
ΪĲߣҲеܹ١
극֮󣬾ȲҪȥ빤ˡ
˵ûȰŹѧϰ֪ʶȻͨˣǶ߱һĻˮƽġ
һŶĻȥ
ȵ磬Žһ׵豸ضˡ
ÿ豸ضԱǶҪŸڣԢԺ
رǿ˳棬˵졣
ֹΪֶ˹λԺ׬ǮˣΪ⳧Ϊ˶Űġ
ڼҼһĻ϶ˣɺʹҽصġ
öүϴǾˡ
ܳĸ𣿡
϶˵֣û֮ǰǺóԡ
û˼ҳĹ˵𣬳ݵĽ⡣óԡϵĳ֣ɶڸвС
ǳϵľ⣿˵ˣԼ˺ã϶ҲȲóԡ
Ҫ˵⡣˵Ķ԰ײԡ
ǲҲԼ𣿡

ȥ⼸죬ްͰϳѡ˵ġ˶ʮˣʱֻѡʮ˵ˣʣµʮλԤۣԺˣֱӰȥ
ڳѧϰĻǶʮˡ
˼ǣÿλ涼ѧһӡһҪÿλĹ̶͸ˡԺ¹˭뿪ˣ⳧Ӷ˶š
ѧУʦǺЩ˵ˣЩʿɶǻǮӴġҪǲúѧ˷ѶĲƲ谭﷢չˡ
ɰʮ˸Żˡû˭Ҳѧġ
Ƕ߶ҲǸźʱˣڼſھͰ쳧ﻹ˼ҹ۶ǡҪھᰡȥѧͽȸ˰׸ѧµġ
²ŸտЩṤҲڿҿҵĸʦѧʦϢ֮ǻԼӰӵо
÷ЩϹ˶߶Щ˿ǹɳ徢ǻľ񡣡
ϹǶЦˡ
⻹ǣǻ湤Ϊ˸ſҲߡ
Ͳˣǿɲһˣѧĥˡ
û뵽ЩǵǺܳԿġ
źϳĹ֮æȥµļ׳СͳĹϵϾϵǷϳβ⡣
֮ǰ׳ΪġڲСͳˣΪСͳʳţ֮ǰ׳ҲʳŵΡ
鹤ʱͱ֤쵼İɣǼ׳֤ʱ
ǵһģСǵһȵ֪ࡣ
֮ǰΪӣڱ֪ΪǵͷŸࡣ
ҲͦĹ̬ȣЦŵʳͶҪȥǵծģɲܸˡ˼֧Ǹ㽨裬ǲЩλġ
ϸжǰһ뵽Ǹ㽨裬˷֧֣رжǱ֤һáڸչĹҲǺģԱͬ־ҲܴӣĶǼĺԱͬ־ȻС˼۾ҳˡ
Цծˣ׬ǮˣǷżٻȥꡣ
ϸ˼ˣȥ
ȥǷ׷淢͡
ұ֤񡣡
Цŵͷĵҿûƭˣ߿֮󣬻Ҫ٣׼ϴѧˡ
沿ŵ֪֪ɵúãܷųٻȥ꣬˵Ĳˣɻоˡ
ĥŵϳˣȥƹһϡϾôǮԺ϶Ҫ׬ġ
棬ǮͲ໹ˡ쿪ʼռ;ǲϽˡ
ʱȥѧҲܰˡ
ǻ죬ռϲһϾͳˡ
ո˵Ĺȥ
񵽵ʱ򣬺öɲˡĳҲˡΧһо
һһϣϸţһʳζ
ҲץһѿզԵı˳ԵĻðԼԵĶô鷳ء
ҲץһţЦһ˭ÿ׬Ǯأ˹ף˼ҳԺõ㣿
ӸɲǾЦ
ǵǰզŪԱǶǻǮ򣬻ʳҲһء쿴ǾΪͼʡ
ȲǣԼʵ飬ôɹòãһ¾ܿЧˡʱòãԱԼȹӦԱ
һЦȫá˴سȥ
յôȫأ˵ˣҪӦԱġ

ιһͷιһ¡Ч϶ҪȹӦԱġͬ־ˡ
һ£ǣһġΪ˸˵ҽͬ־ලÿ۲ĳɳ¼ݡ˵ǲ١
˵˵ʱ򣬹⿴ա
Ҫȥ˵ҲУհ͸춷ȥģԵ
գ
˵һϣζϳʽˡ
ԱǶʽҲܺ棬Ϊû˭Ҳûȶֻ֣Ŷǽ㣬ź⡣
ﶼǽ⡣
Сӳ˵ˣﵣЧãʧƲڶʵ飬ЧˣȹӦЩԱ
ɰЩԱǸжˡΪԼ֮ǰԥе顣
ﶼôһ˼Ϊ˻ˣǻԥɶ
զˣòǮأ泧ʳӹΪ˻ծɶΪ˴ˡ
Ϊһ㣬ˣ¹ʵЧòãֻҪԲǾÿÿ֧һ³ôծϡ
Լ˲֧ԼˣûǮˣԺզ㷢չ
ڶһ˼ĵЧ뷽跨ծʱ򣬺ϳĵ绰ռˡ
绰Ǹ߳
ǣ֮ǰ鰡ǳﾭĿᣬԿǴӺ쳧ʽǲǵþһ£
һʱˡ
ס飬ƽɣǿ԰ԱǶ￼죬ҵʱٴȥ￼죬ķʽô
Уʱǰͬ־ǣǶǳ˵ͷһεʵ飬ϣܹĶԴΪ飬ǿǿ˼ˡ
ģҲռ͵һγģʽҲϣһõĽ
ãǵʱ
˵绰֮վˣֹסЦ
ԺɾʡܶǮˡ
Ҫǳˣֹûծˣ֮ǰļǧǮҲջˡ
һ뵽ôǮ̲ס֡
𿴻ʱ󷽷ͦˬģʵ˭ۡ
ĶȺѪǮأһһ嶼ġ
лҪ˵ôôա˵


146 
ϳû, ȺͶټ˸顣Ѷпܺϳ쳧¶˵ˡ
˻ǵһ˵, ܺ쳧ġ
͵, Ҿʹȷ, ЩȫҲ˷ֳˡǹܳܣҲ鵱صܡ׬ǮҲҪһָܳ͵ģʽ, һҪ̸ҪԼ˹ܣҪǹܡطũ壬Ǵй˿϶Ҳ
ǻͬ𣿡
ЦͬⰡ, ǽҲΪ˸Լ˸Ż, ǵĹǾͲòˡһʲôʱ߷ֳô죿ȨǱȡ
մ󱦵ĵԺǲҲҪǷǮ𣿡
ҡͷǲô, ϾǮǵ˻ǡ൱ûɶǮͿ˸ӡ԰ŸĹλԸ롣ԼҲӷ㡣
Ц, ˵ôͦࡣ
, ΨһĻԺҪ׬Ǯ, ׬㡣ǷҲС˵ʵڵģͳǶľֻ֧Ҫϵķչͳ, ֧Ƕｨ衣ϳ˷֮⣬ҲҪ׬һǮ֧Ԯͳ衣
Ժ׼лĵλ⸽Ĺҵ;÷չ
⿿ռԼչһǳеôĳɱҲǷ̫ˡ
һеǷשǷʵﶼ֪ⲻǳ֮ơչ֮ЩǮҪȥġַչʧҵģ˸ծ̫ࡣҪһûɶĽӰˣþñġֻдӿڴǮˣܾ顣
ܹʡǮӸɲǵȻˡ˵Ȼܻ׬㣬ǻٸء
ǮɱҲɰ
¶ȫƱͨˡ
죬Ǿˡ۵λ
ȥسӭǣ˾׿︽һȦ
˿Ͱ͵ӣЩۡ
̫ˣһʱｨֳ뷨Щҡˡ
Цŵλ˰ɣǶ﹤ҵչˮƽߡΪǵϰոũҵֳҵпΪ

ڹߺãԱˣԱֳܻǶȫԱˡ
ԣҲʵǷԼϳҲҪġʱҾͻĹṩ飬ȡ֯ϵİϾǶ¸ͬԣĵ·
ΪϹ
һֶˡ
λЦЦ
λһ˵֮ͻȻЩˡ
سһ֮ٿƶĺ칫Լռ֮λĸûʲô뷨ˡ
Ͼλ˵˼ԽԽг
ΪҪ¸
һλռͣҲܵռĻӭ
˳ָܵռһʮֻĵط
ִλȥԼϳڻ÷ЩϹ˿յ쵼ˣܾȡ
Цźǽһ£ЩϹ˻ͦҪģǲҲ൱ڸɻ
곧֮ŴλǴĸ£Լռ͵ĴӸɲȥʽᡣ
˻ңǸ˲֮λˣһ·ϣԱܻӭҡǶԱǶϳ̬ȣ֧֡
ŸǸģҲ⣬Ƕ׼ô죿ǵ뷨ǣӻǹǹÿһʹýǡڽ˰գЩӦǸ˰ְɡ
ĸɲǶʱˡ
һСжý𰡡ⲻǴ
ǵûʲôʶء
ЦȲ̸һ¸ҪĶԼԺӵķչɡ
Ÿ߳豸賧ǮҲá
СҲò˶Ǯ
ҲˣԼĳ裬ԼҲǽġ
Ÿͷ
ֵǿԳأˣҲˡǻҪȥģǻʡιسǵЩô㣿
ôһ㣬Ÿͬеû˵ˡ
ôռȫԼ쳧
˵ʵҽܺ쳧ȷʵҲʡһǮǸĻϣҸ㽨衣֪ǸöҲϣܹƹƷ֧ԮصֳҵԼûôϣǺǲ˵Ƿǲɡϣ˫һȽƽȵĻ̸
ŸЩˡ
ôһ̸ȫ·ˡ֮ǰĴ㶼ˡ
մ󱦵ǵͬ־ΪǶĻƣҵ÷ԣȻĿǰȷʵҲȱǮǴӲûǮ賧ӵǮеġ
ʵûǮսҲҪó

λû뵽֮ľ档
ǱΪ̸ܺģũͬ־ûǮǿ϶ҪʡǮҲϣڵظǳṩᡣΪֻҪˣԷͻͬġЩ˲̸
ŸôҲǼˣ뵽˶Բߡ
ҲһҪռͽ
ЦǵɡȻҲҪһ㣬ѡ񽨳ʱһҪһᾡľΪӷչ׵ˣǽΪλˡҪǷֳɲɼǾͺûֳһ˸ۡ
Ÿ࿴һۡ
ǿˣӺе
̸֪ˣŸҲ£ֱӵҲ˵˵Ƕ뷨
Ҿ㣬һ֮󣬳ϰ쳧λڽҪ޳ΪṩԼе豸֧֡ڶֻṩе豸һжṩģϰ쳧֮ǵռɣ߳ɡû¿۳ɱ֮ӯɡ
Ÿڶ֮󣬾Щסˡ
ּλ԰ŹԱչ˾˫ͬƶֻԭĳ棬ҲΪϳӦķչ
һ˵λͼˡŸʲôѽɡ⣬⻹ϳǿҪ֪е豸ǺҪġ
ǮҪ֪ǺΪ˷չӣǿҪ˽ġûЧ棬Ǳ˲ſ϶ᰲŽˡǵ֪Լǻ豸ͼ֮⣬ǲҪκε֧Ҫѵǲһ㡣ƶĹУҲΪ˺ܺõԿԴܳЧ档
⻰˵еԶˣ¶û֮ǰ˭Ҳܱ֤кý
ŸЩ⡣
ǵںǵǮϾھһ豸Ҳӣһ豸׬ǮǾǾô䣬̫ˡ
ôҲǸǵĳӣӰֳôҳ滹Ҫ
ҪǸ߳Ǿ̸ɣʵ飬Ҫ˵ġ
Цֻ뷨һ̸г⣬ǻǿԸһġǵĵǣӵĹܿҪڴӵġҪȻһͻȻߣʧܴġ
̸Ÿ֣ٶˡ
ҵĵˡٶ࣬Ժ˵׹˭ˡλöóˣԿɼǶĳġ
ŸˣҪͷ۰˭أӺطûԸ
г˶Ȼ¶ǻúͳﷴһ¡
ЦȻԣǴӾе绰ȥ绰
Ȼȥ绰Ͷ˿ᡣ
һߣɲǾˣЩﳧЩ۸ˡ
ĵҪǲô찡ҿǺӡ
ǴԶĹ˵ҲɵġǾͻе̸һ˵Լѳӿˣھ൱ͶǮѡܸôʵݾͺܲˡں쳧ɲʡ
лҪ˵ôôաʮ


147 
Ÿڵ绰͸߳˵˻, ռЩҪˡ
, ǿǸǰ˴æˡҪҲ̫ˡ̬ȻͦǿӲġ, ˵˵, ǵ벻ѽ
߳ڵ绰֮ҲЩˡ
ǺҪֳ, Ǻ֮ǰռʱ򣬾͸ðġһ̸ء
˼һˣɲе
̾Ҫú̸ǵĿĻǿֳǲǶϵռа׬ǮεġǾһ̨, ׬Ǯ
Ÿ, ǹȨأҪ
Э̣Ͼиһһˡ桭ҲһҪܣҲ鲻ˡ
˼, 黹Ҫɵġ
ŸﻹǲŸһռȫôط, ҾͲûǷֳĵط
ҪĲռ, Ҫǵͬ־Ҫһ԰ǳռϵͬ־, ЩҪΪ֤ҪҳڶҲԻط

ð, ⻹ǵú̸Ʋ
˵绰֮Ÿ͵͵ĺϼˡ
Ÿ߳˵ֻҪ̸̫ͣɵġھ뾡ĸȡôҪȻԼΪ쵼ҲԵ̫ˡ
ҿ̬Ⱥܼ˵Ҿ㲻ãƢ˼벻죬ƽ͵̸
ŸǸŮͬ־Ůͬ־˵󷽡
ҰοҲûʲôҲ׬˶Ǯ߳˵Ҫǵʵ顣
ŸͷУȥ֮ۻһ£ʵڲ˵
ϼƺˣ»صҡ
ǶѾгϢԼ޸Эϸˣˣ¿ʼ
ռ͵ĸɲΪǴ˸绰ͻŴأڻǼ֮ǰһס֣棬Ҫܳ
Ÿǳ쵼Ҳ뷨̸Ǿͼ
Ҿ̸֮ǰǵø˫Ŀģǿ϶ҲһСҪҲΪռϣֻʡһǮһ롣Ҿ˫õġ֮ǰȫԴﵽ˫ĿġǲĿģְǵһߣûˡ
ŸֱһѪֱӲˡ
˶һۣŸ̾аɣǹȨ
չܳھ棬ռ;Աǿ԰š
֮һ仰ǿԹܣչȨռ͡
̸һϣٳȥҲû˼ˡ
˵Ҿãý
λ쵼ҲǵһθֻﰲοԼôһµģҲ˵ùȥˡȽ˵ЧãʱͳЧãҲطʵģʽһռСֵһᡣ
ãͰЩ̸
Ÿ̬ˣռʹӵĸɲ϶¶ЦݣҲ˿
ⶨϸˡ
ⶨϸڵʱûôҪˡ֮ǰĹȨͷֳ֮⣬̸˰ܳռϵ顣
ǵԱӵ˵ӣԼֱӴܳô۵Ķ棬ٿ۳ɱ֮ռҪռĳɡ
ŸǾͶƤӣǸ䣬󻹵÷ĳɣ
Ҫûĳɣͬ־ҲûǷ˼ˡʵҾǴɲؾĳɣΪĵˣ˵гǳˣǴԼ˹̸ˡǸǷּɣҲûɶ˼ĳ˵Ǹǵĺ˵ǵϳͬ־ǰһܲüԲţװ׸ΪǺá

Цˡ˵ģǲǻøлռء
ҪռǰôҪˡ
ȻҲ֪ڵ˿ɲȹȥĹˣûǷ˽˼ʼĥˡûô߷ֳͬ־ųԱ֮ҲҪĥ󹤡
ŸһҧУôˡʱҪⰲ˹
̸̸֮˺Ļͼ֧Ԯ
Ҫ󣬵ܳѡǷ޳ֳַ֧ļͻе֧֣ռԼ˻еôҪϡ͵֮ǰķռȡϾǺ쳧ܲһֱͶ룬Ǿͳϱռһĺ
¶棬ŸеġҲܰռ˱ˡ
ȻǶռϳҲһĻɡ
Ϊռˣˣܳһᰲ˹ģʱռСûʲôᡣ
ŸһҲͷˡ
Цǵˬ죬ҲˬˡֻҪ豸ˣĹ˰šƤ衢ռ棬ȫȨһȫˣǷһ˼Ҳ֤䵽ˣԶǶġ
ŸЦŵͷ
ţ֪ʶӶûɶأũͬ־ǿǽȷʵܶ࣬㣬ҲȲϳЩ֪ʶӰɡ
ҲûѡҪǷֳںǣǲҪںѡĹء
ǹڷֳԺ󳷳飬ΪԷһһ棬Ƿͣ˫һ¾УκһõҪ⳥Էʧ
̸֮˫ֻʱⶨЭ飬Ȼǩ֡
Эﻹ涨ˣЭõ֮󣬻òŽ֮ǰĻռ͡ǷҲռ;ͳײǷϳǮˡ
Э֮ռ͵ĴӸɲ˻ˡ
ǲǷծˣ֮ܰǰǱǮûء
ʧãûɶ⻹Ҫ˸˵顣
Э飬¶ȥǱ߸֤ϰ쳧
֪ռָ¶ˡ
һָʲôϳ˼Ҹϰ쳧
ϡˡ
رǿռͺ˼ǩЭ֮ζ֪˵ʲôˡ
ռ;Ȼôˡ
׿һӣܰԱƤҲֵǮǸʲôռʹӹש飬͵ļǮǷ˿ء
ôƫƫռˡ
Ĳ˵Ǻ칫˭ˣ
ڹǻصλԷлǶũ֧֡
Ÿ֧̾־Ͳ˵ˣͬ־治ýһԾŶ
⻰ʹŵ㱧Թ˼ˡ
ǹЦЦˣû취ƽʱҲܲš˭ϰվϲ쵼أ˵һء
ô˵ȴţôˣզأⲻ
˵ĸ裬λ쵼쵼˵ǹũҪ¼ҵôԱͬ־Ǿһףΰʱ̡Ҳﱣ֤ռ飬һᾡŬ죬ܳͶﳬֵ
Ҿٱһ£ŸǿɵĺϢǡ
û⣡ŵ
лҪ˵ٵˡ


148 
ϳλ֮, Ҳ׼ռ͸ʲôϰ쳧ʽ, Ҫغˡ
˵, ⻹治ʲôֳ, ҲǸС
Ʒѡ
ڳ࣬ʱﵢڰŹԱ¶, Ҳ㣬ֱ÷߹һӡ
Ҳǳϸɲˡ
÷û뵽ԼֵϹˣ˸⳧Щƣ£Ҫỹ˵, иɾһ, ˣʱһ涼ͺ¡Щ⡣
Эһռ͹һ, һ֮سǣﻹţû׼ܼسϹλ
Ű˸ˡ
ź֮, ˷ֱسȥˡ
˳, ͺͺԼҲǹԺĵλϰ쳧
Ҳõ, ⻰ҲЩԥũͬ־ֵΪ, ˣزͻķ𣿡
Ȼռ͸㷢չһ뵽дӶôɣǾò̤ʵ
Ц׬ǮۼӴũûеʹáʡͶʵ޷ûеĻۻĶԱæ
֣ǲǹӶ𣿰˼Աˡ
ɶũͬ־Ҳ˵׶Ϊ˼棬Ϊ˽ũƬءֲ빤ˣҲûǸͣռҪˡ
֪Լ˵ЩЦҡͷԼŰ죬Ҿ˵һ䣬ҪһһڵĳԣɲҪ̫żˡҪȴ򡣡
ףͷİɣұ׼鷳׬ǮҾȥֻ˹ԱɻۣۻˣҲۡһܹĻĵأָʳᵢֲġ
ô˵ﻹͦ
ũͬ־ȷʵ˺ܶˡǰϲѹȣ֮Ϊ˹ҽսԼֵصģֳʳ֧Ԯҽˡ
һȺ޴׵˰
СհúøɣҪʲôʽʹ绰ֵ֧ľ֧֡
ٺЦЦЦмֽ쵼ܲͬ־һ£⹤ũһף˰ũͬ־㽨¶㰡ǲǣ
У룬ӲܲͲ֪ˡ
ǾСҪͬ־⹤ũǻҪʲôҵдžٱǲ¶
Уˣ˵ҲʢҾ룬Լȥ׼
õǵı֤϶ռȥ
˶֪¶ˣԺҲǷǸʲôϳծˣ֮ǰȥǮҪ˻ˡֱб¡
Ҳϰ쳧ʲôõģ׬׬ٶ˵׬ǮһǮû׬ǮܸԱǰŸλôϣⱾ¿̫ˡ
ûأǾϳǰĹ㳡¶ˣΧ񣬴ӵ¶ǲԺ治ûծˡ
ЦȻûծɹ˻ҪԼ۰쳧ҲҪΪ˶﷢չΪԱͬ־԰ѵĶҪҪãǶѾʵˣһ֮ôʵʵĿЧãһǹϵġϾԼ˿ԲǮʳ׿ﻻСʱϺʳιʼʮǲҲǼʮǮ𣿡
ȫһһΪ˴ԱԱ̹ˡ
Ϊ쳧ˣ¸Ǵʧöʵء
⻹ɶ˵ġҪЧ¹ܻ㣬Ҳ֧һ
ԱţڻɣͶһʵ顣
ҲУٻ㣬ȿЧòá۲ܶԲԼԱ
ԽԽá
ˣһЩȥϳϣҲˣͻιι
ҲżϣĥϳҪú
һǿԺû׼ĳҲص֪⳧ӿɲСǺϳķֳϳռϷֳ
ǰһǣһֳˡ
ҹټ˸飬˰ŹϳֳҪҪͳһŵҵȥĿǰϳֻǸʱͣ㡣
մЦû⣬ҽúýνʡǮˡ
ûծ֮ǰǮŪ˵ˡ
찲ȥשȻڵػӽԻ㡣
У·費ͣԱö﷢չ谭Ҹ˰ɣǮҲС¹֮ȥŽҲԱͬ־ӵ롣
εǰǵˣǲӣµǷӹڣŸɻҪǮ
ЦҡͷΣⶼԱͬ־ģǿûռˡЩӵǮԼҲˣЩǮ˻˳½𵰵ĸǶԱͬ־ǵκ֧֡ҪԱǲ֧ǹ۾ı£Ҳɲɼ
ЦŵţԱͬ־ͦΰУԺҲǵˡ
˶Ц
ڶһ磬СӾͰ˽ϳ³ˡ
˵ҪǮЩ˶˵Ĳˡ
ö㽨ãֹĶˣ׬ǮĻҲˡ
Ҫǹȥô׬ǮĻᡣ
ϳ߸㽨ʱְͳʼʳˡ
֮ǰϵһڲõծˣ͵ûǮˡ
һ۲Ĺѹˡ
ȻҲǱƷͱͱȽһЩϾƷӦҲ㡣
һĹ˼ͥԡ
Щѣ͸Цɶѵģۺô˳ԵĶô˻ûϳ˻ԵĶأһզأǲǵȥĸ
⻰ʱ
ҲﲻסЦ
⻰˵˻û죬͸Źˣȥϡ
񣺡ɶҰ
Ȼ㰡ũ㰡ȥ͸ũͬ־ţȴȥհϵϳˣǻѧ۹һϲͨͷǡøˣ˵ҿ϶
ĩһ䣬ˣҲȥĸ͸ĸˡĸҲ㽲

Ĩ˰ԼĶͷ
Ҫͬ⣬ͬ־ȥҲУɱǿˣԿʤΣǵˣϾ·
ˣҰɡ
˴ڲ˼ϳЦġ
Լͬ־ԼôôЦ˼أ̫ˡ
ⶼǱӦ
񱻰ȥϵ¶ܿͱ֪ˡ
ԱǿͰ͵ŰȥϳǱʱ򣬶ûЦ
һͬ־񰡣Ҫȥιͬ־ѧѧô򽻵
СĻͷȥι
۵
ס͡
˵ˣпܡǰͬ־ȥ׸ȥʳ
ûɶġ
ţ·ϹΪƷͬͲˡ
˵ΪһԱһǶҪĳǮǱ¡ţҲ¡
⻰ʱӿ׳־Σģ˵ʳˣ࣬Ҷȥⶼ¶ұ֤񣡡
Цŵͷ
ԼƮˡ
ռ͵˶æŸ㽨׬Ǯʱ򣬺Ҳûţȥ˼ΣڰȥгǸȵˡ
Ǻǻ㱨˺칫ռһλ׳٣Ȼȥ¶
˵ʵڵģͦ˼ġ
ܾúһɾȲĸо
ǰĹɲһ
ǸѼϼû취
ûעЩϸ⣬ռͺ˼Һ쳧¶Ȥ
ƵôǱȥˡռ͡ӡȷʵ̣ǰɣȷʵǰ쳧ĺõطѽسôطܰ쳧
ЦҪǴӵͬ־ȥǽӴȻ˻豸ôһ⡣
ǻȻ򣬡Ҿ˵⵱ɲľҪܱҪȻܵڱ
˵̾Ҳ쳧ûʲôõԴͼҲط
뵽ոպ˵Ǹ¶
ûҪһ¡һҵ
͵ø֪Ƕֳء
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


149 
ְͬ־ռͲɷȡġ
һر, Ҫ, Ҫ׼ص, ҪдһͨһҪʵ, ʵʵڵֳ
ͬ־źͷˣôռͰ
ǻռ͡
Ϊһεľ, ֮ǰλͬ־ռϵ
֪ռϳĿǰѾ³Ҳڽ֮󣬾׼ȡˡ
³ĹҲҪġ
ɷ¶ͺͶ˻г֪ͨˡ
÷һϹ˸˲ѡ
֮ǰλ˵Ҫ˲ɷǻΪ˵˵أû뵽İŰ
δŹװ, 档
ֺ÷ܳίεĵһγ, Ҫ֮ǰʽϣҪ˼֤ϰ쳧һ档
÷ԼͷЦ, ûġǰžͺá
ҪΪϱֽˣһϰ쳧һλ
Ȼ⳧ȽСơûϵ, 㽨, Ҳǵһˡǰ·һζѡ
˵ʽ, ռ͵ĸɲԱѾᳵ·ˡ
С¶һΡ
ⲻα𿴳СɲСҪˡ
ôҲϴռͰǨʽ¶һء
¹զҲռԱǵ֡ǰû, ڶְǳȥͱĶ˵еˡ
Ϊ˸¶ӣѶ·ϴɨĸɸɾģʲôţ༦඼С
ɲ˺
ҲӴģһ֮ͺ˵ֳ塣
ⶼΪ˰ǲ뵽Щ¼²ƷġʼոҵĽŲߣ˵ʲôãǾ͵øϽϣȡ󡣼ȻǰϳҾǺö
ɷõλ¿Ѫȡ
һλΪϰĺǣĺøɲ
ɷõĸµǣģǿ϶úǿˣ˵ȸдˣҲҪȥõæء
⻰üͷһ£һӾЦۣ쵼Ƕǵֺ֧ͰǵкǸмллˣҲлл쵼ǡ
ʵ֮ŸգĿǰڽ³ĵַԼԱǻźˮ㽨ģϳʦͽѧ龰
Ƕԣⳡʵ̫ѵˣ㼸
ջߣλֲɷ˵һγ÷ͬ־
Ϊʲôܹ֧Ԯũ彨衣
÷룬ͷһ˿ǻĵһˣǵʹǸ㽨衣ǻũֵܽǶŶ֧Ԯǳ㽨裬һֱڣôĹͬ־ȻˣֻҪܶǾͻرꡣҲΪҽȡ˵ռҪ֮ǺԥռͣǵũֵǡҪǹõ
λͬ־һʱΪ׬㻨Ǯ¶˵ʮָߴϣԼôΪġԣ֮ǰʲôĿģ̬ġҪԼũ塣
Ǽ۾ˣкᡣ
һֱڱϽм¼дԼĸпǶôĹũ갡ǿ˹ũһ׵ĳ˼ܶĹͬ־ʵũͬ־Яֽΰ׳١
ռͻ¸һǩԼʽȻǩԼǰһ£ոƬ
һ÷ЩϹ˺ռ͵ĸɲǣԱֵ龰
ĵ¶жĿˡ
ⳡʵ̫ģ̫Ѫˡ
ȥ֮ǾҹдŰ棬Щϡ
дӵͬ־ΪܸжԾ͸ɴдһ¡
µĿͷռ͸ɲΪֶ֧ΪԱͬ־иߵģǵͬ־Ϊһ֪ʶĻ֪꣬ܿϵ¶Զҵ˺ϳ豸
һٶ˺ϳ쵼͹ͬ־ǣΪ˷ũͬ־ʹϣѡźռͺֹ˼Աһݹͬ־Ϊ֧Ԯũ彨裬ũ֧Ԯˮܵͬһˡ
д£ͰԼдˣ۾ˡ
ڶͬ־˸ӣҲЩѪȡ˵ʵڵģǰЩ˸ӣĺܶ黳ƻˡһȻԡڿ˻ǸģϵҲǸġ
ũ͹ˣȻͬʮǰսʹӻܲɷֵġ
ҲӼİƬдˣͼ£͸иȾˡ
Ĳǵһη֣ԼﾹȻ˲Ű
дĶɿ鰡
Ϊ˻ȥռͲɷõĸ±һ٣רҵǿ̬棬ǻĵԱͬ־
дµŮ۾ûأɳƵҪʵʵǰʵдģһĶûСǵΪ̫˸жˡ
ɲôһ˵һˣ´лᣬҲҪȥ
ЩϺܿͷŵǵİͷ
һȻˡ
пССһ˶ٹ£ٸ鰡һǰȺڵһĸɲһǰũͬ־Ĺͬ־иɲΪ˰ũͬ־ѰҷѡЩѵðչǻɲѧ¿಻۵ľ񣬺ֵΣұ͵ȥõһ¡ɲֻﰡǴ˺ܶĹͬ־ͻɲ
Խ˵ԽԼȾˡ
ԼȻŵ˽ģأֳҲǺЩľ
֮󣬾ֱȥˡ
лҪ˵ʮ


150 
õľ, 쵼Ȼܾ
, Ҫõľõ˼, Ļ
쵼һǺǹ˰æ, ˼ҸôԶܰﵽԼĹϽԼҲ, Ҫ֧Ԯʲôһ¡
Ǯûеġڵڸ㽨أһǮǱġ쵼ǱʾǮʮݳ޵¶
ʸʵڣǴӵֿһЩͱƷ֧Ԯռ͸㽨衣
Ҳõֽ˸, һռ͵ĵϰ쳧顣
ǵǲƽʲô, Ǹϵֽ֮Ļϲѣ͵ί, Ҳȥؽ·ֳЩȥƫԶĺܹиĻ
ί̾ⲻһܽģȫԵ⡣ֳǷ, Ҳǵܹǽ, Ǹؽ, ҲҪôأѶͬ־ҪƾԼȡúõĳɼ, ǿԸ֧ҪԼȡǵռʹӣͰĺܺãȥѰһᣬֵᳫ
ǶʱסˡҲ룬ֻûⷽľ鰡
Ȼ֮Ҳȥͬ־һôͬ־쳧
֮󣬵ıֽԼͱƷ͵˺칫ˡ
칫ĸɲǿЩֽ˲ѡϾռǰ滹ź칫ء
Ȼռ͵Ҳ칫
Ц졣
ǰǸˣЦ̲סЦЦ
Ц֮Ͱν͵ռȥһҲҪȫȥ
ռ͵ʡ
Цŵǲ˵ҲһС֪Ķ˰
Ц˵ӾǴ󡣲ӴҲãڡ
糤ûðøʵݵġ
ƽʱֵģҲʵڣҪҲ֧Ԯһ£ڸɵҲܳɫҪһ㲻֧Ԯ˵ȥ
ǵͷ
籾Ǹɵġ
ӷչĺãҲǹƽʱʲôõߣõҲȸһЩֺõĴӡҲǷչ˳
֮ǰûŰռʲô֧֣ҲΪ֮ǰռ͵ӱҪǰռͣҲ໴ﲻ
ռԽԽãҲĳɹٽаڷصˡ
ɣҸʱСչһˣҪʲô֧֡˵ã쳧ʽ֮ģɲСԼչƻֻ֮ܰģ߷֧֡
ЦҿУСθںã
һ˵θɴҲȥռˣ绰֪ͨ翪ᣬ˳ǶĽȥ
ǻн
εǰ쵼Ҳ⾫ãֵùһͱƷǹ
治¹ֵǮֵǮģǶʵʵڵĶʱЦۣ쵼ǿ̫ˣ̫չˡҼĲ֪ôм֮ˡ
ȱ𼤶ˣȰѺöȥ˳㰡ܻкء
ɶ°͸¶㰡
ˣǺ¡˸ӡ
УϹȥõĲˡ
Ŷȥġ
Ϊʯ·ԿĵǺܿ죬Щ΢΢
ɿĿһۣȻÿĬĬ¼
ʵǣɶ鰡ϿͷΡ
Цû£ҾͿһۣһһ㡣
˵㶼ˣɶ鰡
˵һˣίҲڿأҲҪѧϰҲǣɱ˶Ϊǰŵİ·ݵĿԡ
ԣ־ˡΪ⿼ԣе˶ء
û˵ˣͻһ·Ͽһۣһ¡
û취칤̫æˣϵƶֻܳʱิϰˡ˵һҪõѧУԺԼѡһ㡣
˹磬ֱΰ칫ҡ
ݲ裬ˣЦŵҲˣȥǰ칫ҡ
˵һǰ칫ȥ
Ƶɶ°
°ЦǸɵĺãǵ֧Ԯ
Ӵι̫ˡ
ûԼЦ
ܶôãǵõ֯ϵĴ֧ˡ
Ҳⰲʱ񣬼ˣЦһ
ɵĲ֪˼Һ쳧ﻹͷһɣЩ˶棬ռô˸ģҿɽͺöˡںˣ˱ֽԼˣҽ 
˵Žֽݸ
˹Цſֽ֮һ롣
Ȼͬ־ǺġдĶˣ˵ʵڵģ߶жˣҲ˵ˡ
˼˵̫ΰ˰ɡ
糤ѵ㻹ΪԱϳ
ЦȻΪԱҪȻҲŰǳӰҲͶͳء
糤ҲЦͶˣһøɲ
ԺһҪĸòˡ
ЦҪɵúãǹҲǵǵͬ־ˣǹܸܲɿŰɣҲ˽һ£Ǹ㽨裬Ҫʲô֧֡
۾ˡ
֪֯ǿġ
º칫ԣܱռҪǿġ
֧֣ɶ𣿱˵᲻Ҫұ̸Ǯ̸Ǯ˸֮Ļ
Ǻ糤ʱЦ
ҲЦǰѹĶСء
ȻǣŹ红Ӷ࣬ѹ
Цź˿ڲ裬Ҳ˵ˣǮǲܸǵģ浹ǿһᣬ˵·֮ġҲԸһ֧֣Ǹոʯ·ҲûʲôҪ޵ġ
·۾ֱˣզأʯ·ʲô·ʱ䳤ˣʯͷӶˣּӿˡҪǮȻһλǲûǮ
·ǽкҪĻڣ˵һ档رԺҪ㹤ҵͱÿҪȻˣܻûſڣҪͷˡ
׼﷿޺ˣǮˣͺú޵ġ
ʱ㲻ռͣͬ־Ҳܰļƻ
ȻޣǵȻð
ʵ쵼·ǲǻޣ
ǺǲѾʯ·𣿻ĸ·Ҫޣ
̽ʵʯ·ɡˮ·
ǶʱһڲˮǺ˺
糤ζĿɿڴĿﺰţ밡
ӵ·ˮ·
ĸ޹ˮ·˵ʵĻǹ絽·ҲǾίǲһζεϵġ
Լ˳˳СհҪʵʵҪ󡣡
ҪʵʰǴⷢչͷҪһƽ̹۵ˮ·Ĳ˵ˣ͹ӣ¿Ŀˣÿʯ·ǵ˾ǸС
̾ˮ·˰Ȼ·Ҳ㳤ǰɣɱȷʵߡؼҲˮ࣬ǹǸ磬˼ˮ೧ҲҪӲŸûġڸ㽨裬ﲻҪˮడũͬ־Ƿӣڻء
糤˿ȣСհҪѡ
ˣôˬģСθȷʵðʳǳԵҲࡣ
θ
ĵ֮ǰ˵ô󷽣ڻ̸Ǯ˸˰ɡ
ˮ¶Ҿúܺð죬ǲ𣬶ϵֽˣҪǳȶҪˮӣ϶
̾ûǮˣҲǮҺʵ˵˰ɣ·ɱߣʱ޲𣬹ǮҪ˼硣
쵼ǵѴ·ҲһëǮԸԭϻǮ·ΪǺ칫罨ҵһЩ
Ǻ糤
ǰ·¶㵽칫罨ˣ
ðɣҲûëռҲǺ칫һӡ
ĻͦᶨģˮǮķ涼ˡҲЩΣϾģֱַܲˡ
εѻƽйҪǮ
ĳȥˡ
лҪ˵ôôա


151 
ƺҲϤˡ֮ǰͶ߿һ, Ϊ֪, ȫŮͬˡ
ǴǱҺǿҪˮ·׳֮, ľͬһܡ
С̿İ, ҪⰡ
춢ŹǮһһ嶼, ˣﳬˣԲ쵼Ρ
һһˮ·
ܵĲˡ
ŵÿǴǣҪȻƹܵ涼Ǹˡ
Ľϱ۱ı̣޿ĵ˺ǰ칫ҡ
¶һеЦ, , ɵðǺú㰡ʡ㣬Ҳܸ鷳
ƿһۣﻹݡ
Ȼ̾һ
ˮ·Ҫˣ㻹˼˵鷳
ǿռ͵·ߡ
˵ʵڵ, ·㳤Ϊռ͵λҲر͹֮ûиŴ, ·Ҳ̰, ΪռŹмаɽ, ɽߣʵ൱Ǹ£Ϊ˱ܿ, ·΢һ¡
̾ҪԺֱӸƽ˶Уûˡ
ǿŶˡ
զҲҪһˡҪˮ
ǸϽ˿ˮѹ
Ǻܵ·ѾʯˣҪ·ʡ㡣
ƵҲʡ˶١
óǧ
ֺ˿ˮ·ҽһζεޡ
ҡͷǣһڿڵĳԣ·һζεޣ̫¶ˡ
ˮ·֮͵÷Ųãһζεޣǲһʱ䶼·
ǣҲΪѹ磬·޺ˣȷʵҲǶкôġռͺ滹ôĹ磬ǳӿˣȫԴǷչʵϣҲˣϳˣˣȫõǶﻻǮٰЩӹȥǳÿ׬ǮҲҪ罻𣿡
糤˿ȣۺǲҿˡ
κͺƾ͸˵ˡ
һ˶ѹǮԼͼϻһ·
֪ܲһ·ڷչҪ
˵ף̫˰
ϸڰ칫ȥȨס
˰죬Ŀ񣬡ռҪ֤չԽԽãɱҸ·Ϩ˰ǡ
ǿʵ̫ÿˡ
Ц쵼ԽԽˣۻϨǾ̫Բ֯ˣʱ˵ˣԼЩɲҲû˰ģֻԽԽá
Уǣ¶ٺɲʲôʱ򶯹ҲԽԽˣ 
˵Ǯǻǰ̾ġ
Ǹ۵ӣЩ˼ˣԺҲһŪ׬Ǯ·ӡ
ܵ֯ϿĻر
Ϊ·¶ûȥڹʳóԵķ￪ᡣ
ɲһҪռһˮ·һĿɿڴҧͷ
ǹϣڶǾʱש·أֻˮಹһ°
һӾһˮ·
ȻҲԼ˵
ҲǸˣ֪ӷչãŻá
Ǻ칫Ŀǰûʲô׬Ǯĵλ׳ǿǿש߳׬ǮҲǿǿ͸˵ˡ
ЩѾˡ
ռܹǰ棬Ǻ¡
·ΪۣҲǵΪԱУΪ˷չ
·޵ɡ
ĩ˺ǻԳ˵ҲЩɲܣڵռͳеһַչΡ
Ͻǣɱô˵ǵĹǸӶзԣ·Ƕܶ飬ⶼǵĹͰ
칫Ȼ治Щ쵼
˵λòãʷ֮⣬ΪЩɲҲԼŬˣûôļʶ
ҲδϢʱǺܶҲǴӻģĻˮƽߣ˰źֵأôնһЩʳʲô취׬Ǯأ
СʱЩɲҲΪ˶﷢չԴܿţһȺɲѧ˼Ҹ㼼ʲôҲûˣֻԼڡΪ̫ӷ¸˱ĿƭѪ޹鲻˵ָű
Ǹɲģ֪ײɲѡ
Ĩ˰ѶͷҲ˵ôˣ·Ϊռ޵ģΪǺ칫޵ġ·Ǻ칫·ҪûǮһȫˮ·أ
˵֮ҧԼͷԼ⻰˵̫ˡ̫
ɲǱŲӺȲ衣
ϴˡ
ȫˮ·Ҫˡ
ǿ˿ȣɶ޹ɽôҲһӾ͵ƿɽǲǣҲ·һ޵𣿡
糤ʵӳͬ𣿡
糤ֱӵһۣˣռ͵иһ·ˡ
ӳַԸռ·Ǻռгء
ӵզˣӳͬ⣬۹ǲɶˣӻ뽻أǲҲǽˣ
糤ʱ졣
ǵӵ⣬Լ⡣ռԼҲһǮҲȫ硣
ֵǣλ쵼Ҿ·Ҳǹһ̬ȣϾǸոպͺϳϿ˷ֳ۹͸·ˣҪȥҲ˵ǹӷֳҲֳа
糤ЦǣҲ̬⣬Ҫֳû׼۹ԺҪ׬ء
糤ֹ׬ʲô׬ض˭ԸֳռǴ⡣
ǵҲʧΪһô·ޣǮ׻ռҪôͷáԺøӶչ
վ̬ұ֤ռ͵κ֧֤֡񡣡
ɲǼ쵼ǶôˣҲû˵ԵĻ
һ¶Ƕˡ
·¶Ҫȥ·滮һ£ôޣ滹ҪŹˡ
ʾռһרҵĽˣĹʦָ¹üµˣм·ڻ¡ֻҪҪһ£Եλ
ˬ쾢糤ˣиɾĶ飬ʱ׼õĶ飬벻չѡ
ЦЦʱ׼š
ɲţʱ׼ŻǮ
ȥʱһͱƷȥģ·ϻַ˷ӹûıֽЦ˻
ֵǣˣ·ϵء
ЦŵԺͲˡ
ȥһ˹磬һռ͵ĸɲԱǸˡ
ػشǶռ׬ˡ
ʵͶǾô򵥣ֻҪǮģ¹ܶٶ
˵ǵִ֮Ľ
񽫱ֽȥĲԱʶ
ռ͵ƪڴﴫˡ
ԱԼжˡ
ĨᣬдĿðĻˡ˼дĶʵڣռ;ôá
ϹҲĲˣԼȷʵôһΰģشԸ顣
ڴҸжʱڹ㲥淢֪ͨˡͬ־ǣ컹иϢߴΪǶȡõóɼǸ֧Ǹ㷢չ㽨衣һӣҪΪǶһˮ·ˡԺη꣬ȥҲòˡ
Աһ⻰ڼˣɶˮ·
а׷ԲԵûˮ·ģʵɶˮ·ˮࣿ
˵Ǿ͸˵̣ɶˮడˮ·öϲе·
˷ҲǴ϶ǣ޵ĲУЩ·ש·ء
ǣⲻ·ã
ǱǺðǸ˵
Ƕʱˡũһӣ⻹Ҫһȳ·Ҫõ·
ǿиҪǻ
ǻɶûУҪŹء
лҪ˵˵


152 
Ҫ·¶, ռʵʵһˡ
ռ͵ĸɲǶû뵽, ȥһ, ôһϢ
µ·, ǿǶһ·ļֵе֪ġ
Щ·ߣɲǿʱء
رǶڵռ˵, һ·̫Ҫˡ
ǶϲģĺȷϢĹǲǻ˵ġ
ǻרſ˻ģûΪ˲μ飬Ǻ糤İ¶Ȼ, Ҫַ, ûˡ
εҪǷˣҴԱȥȥ
ЦЦǲƭ, 쵼еġ
ɲҲЦ͹һġ
ֺˣָǰŹ, ΪҪ·, ·Ҫһ, һЩûõɶĶ䵽ˮʯͷҪʰýҲӰѾϽĹ, ʱμ·˽ӣÿÿҲҪһ··ÿԱҪߵģڹǮڶԼҲǰԱǮóһѡЭܹһ·
¶ȥСӳǸҸ˵һ˵Ӧû⡣˭Ҳȱһ
СӳټĸҸԼ̸ˡ̸·¶
·Ϊռ޵ģ۲֪ܲɶŶ͹硣ǿǸ·ԱǮģǶóǮ۶ãǳǮ۳һû˵İɡ
û˵ġ
˵ͷ
Ͷˣʱͳ˳·ܸɻģɱ˵ģ·Ĺ̡·޺ˣҲһˮ··ʱɱۼ涼ɾ
Ц
ȻҲ͵ˣˣǱϾֶԱ£ÿÿûɶ·޺ҲǴӸɲȥ߰ǲǸԼ˶Ҫߵģһզˣ
ҪΪЩԱҲûҪ·ʯ·ˮ·ġ
Զ·¶һӦʵæʱ򣬾Ͱʰ·㣬ϻ㣬ʱҲͲˡ
˸Сӵķ֮Ҳο
˶֪ԽϵĴ鲻Ϻȣͺܲˡ
ΨһǶĻմǸոȵǮ̾˿ֵûȥˡ
Цǹڵδܶꡣ
Ĳ˵ĸ￪֮·һв·ˡ
Ϊ·ɲֹǳǮˣҪ߳쵼ˮ
ҲΪｨ跢չⲻ׼³ΪṤҵسǣҪ෢չṤҵװǴҪģҲӸĹλԾԭķװϣģҲף⿿ԼǲеģСЧ涼ãЩٻ磬Ƕ׼󳧣Сسǵ·ֳֻɵĸ磬Ҳ׼ĳӺ
ò˵ռ͵¶ܴģҲָ˵·
ӵʱںʡǷװ绰̸¶˼ѹ̸˼ԹæΪڣ˵绰ˡ
ĲˣվһߵĺǣԹСռͻСأϳȥˡ
εұĵλ̸̸Ҳֹһҡ
Ǻ˿ˮǿɲһ׼ȥʡ̸̸ǱҲֹôһҷװұȥ̸
̾Ҳȥ̸治ʶˡһ칫쵼߳ȥɶҲǡܳſڶȥ
ǻ֮󣬾ƽ͵ˣʲô飿
ǹ·Ūˮࡣ
˵Žƶ··߸ǿ
ǿ˿ˮ·
Цǰռ޵·ⲻǷչȽϺƽʱ㡣֮ǰʯ·ҲЩŸɴһλһ·㷢չ
쵼ҲȽƫչȽϺõĵҲ
˽£ռϮˣ̶귢չĿ찡
Ҳûôϸ񣬷ҲǮⶼǺ칫Լ顣
·úޣ˿ɲ͵ϣҪ޾ͺúõޣɱҡ
¸ˮŪԼȥ޷ӡһĲۣǸβ͵Ϊôѧ·Ҳ޲ˡ
ҲԶţԲһˮ౻˶
ǵͷ
ˮ¶ˣپϵ·ˣҲҪǵˣҪҪ·Ļ¶ðš
Ż˼ʱ䣬·¶㶨ˡ
ĸɲͺռ͵ĸɲԼһ·Ͻй滮￪ʼޣ޵޶
ӵĸɲǶֺǺǵģ˵Ĳˣıߡ
һ죬۵ðⰫɽˡСӲ»
СЦ磬ҪǼÿһ㣿
ȥģҶ˵Ҫȥѧ֪ʶԺûڡ
ĵǲھ
Ϊ֮ǰʯһ㣬Ҳ·ˣʡһ
·ǲ鷳·ڼ·͵öˣܹһֱ޺֮ü죬ߡ
Ŀɲֹռ͵ˡµʱ˼ȥġ
ռ͵ĸɲҲǳصġ
û¶۾ԱһСզ߶С
ٰ··϶లżˣ˭Ҳܸƻ
ԣ˭βͣ۾ͺǲ
˭Ҳ֯ռһչ·
쵼Ǽ̬ȣУ·޵ޣ˿϶ޣԼþСһ仰ܺͱĴӷס
ǱģǶǺ칫һˣ϶ͺġ
滮֮ˡ
ԱӳͶԱ
ܿ죬һ·Ӿͳռ͵ķչ·ˡ
ҲӲ֪ռҪ·ˡ
οɲʯ·ˮ·
ռ͵һʣ·ǹ޵ģ
ӵ˶ˡ
ɶǺ칫ޣôռ;⣬ûúȵģ
ɲҲȥռˣֱȥҹ硣
۲ƫǲǣ
æĲˣҪ·ֱӷƢޣʲô·Ǿ֪ѧЩ֪ѧģôѧǸ㷢չ쵼ｱ顣
ЩӸɲͷۡ
ҲǲŬⲻǲǲ쳧ҲЩĶҲѧռȥԮأȥﵥλæˣ˼ʣ̸Ļᶼ
Ҫ󻹵ͣ׬ǮҲ֣ҲҪ׳أͶŽֻҪֳС˼Ҷе˵ֱĵλҲֱ˵ˣﲻܽǵȥ£ͨ㣬ʲô㡣
Щɲᡣ
ϺӴӵǣ˵զͷ
ǵҲΪʲôҪռ·ԭҲΪռͣΪ칫硣ǶǾ֧ǣǷչˣȻӡǱȻĽûһλܶĸ㷢չġҪΧǶһЩԺչˣ·Ҫ޵ġںٴҲûð
Ӹɲǻ࿴˿Ҳ֪칫ʲôӡθռ·ҲǸġ
Լ̾˿
̼Сˮ·Ҳ룬ʯ·
Ҳˬ죬ʯӵǺŪǮУҪǮ·ޡ
·ԼǮ

ˡ
̼͵ǺͶӳߵһСֹһ£ҧһʯ·
׻˵Ų죬ܲڹӡռһ궼ڶ·ˡǶ·ôִţǿ϶ԭġޣҲޡ
Ȼһռ͵һ·͵ģڶ·ǹ޵ģĻЩۡ
ǣʯ·Ǽᶨռ͵ֵʱǲˣ϶ҪǺƵߣһʯ·ͻȥ
Ӹɲǣ
⻰˵ÿռͲҪöжء
лҪ˵ʮ


153 
Ϊ·, ռͿ˵ȫԱˡ
·ҪͶ, ռ;ôˡ
ռ͵·ӻڲϵޡϵ˰·, ϵҪ·, ¶궼ûȫ⻹ϳҪ衣ⶼҪˡ
ѧУĺӷѧ֮󣬶֯ŸɻˡŸɵܼ顣
æĽŲմص, æòˡ
·͸㽨¶˸ЩɲǶǲ̫ģҪĻڳ﷽档رϳ⽨ɻһǮû׬ء
ڶѲׯڵ֮, ֳȥ
, ձ۾ˡ
ŵĹ߶ҡ
ÿ¼ݡʱѧϰҲĹ 
˰ȻҲɻɼŴæţҲšرͺ쵼һ˵͵ɶ, һ֮£ɴѧϰϰˣ߶, ѧϰ
ʵ̫, رʱ, ζƽʱ
Ҫˡ
ǲǹģ
ۣԲ˿ߡ, ҲǸ״
ҲţǸ۵ļһƭˣҪȥǸҡ
⻹˼˵ˡ
һѾͷ˭ǵ¶ŵġ
˵ˣɴͲæҲ̫ˣ˼С
ȥ̫ˡԶ㡣պԥ
ܹʹɻģֻ㣡
һͷɻ
ʱ򣬾ǿһѧϰһڸɻӣⳡŻ
ռˣɸˡ˵ԼÿྴҵÿιÿٶۿιȥģԵġû͵ϡʵʵ档
ɵĲݶ¼𣿡
¼óԼÿصļ¼
ÿȻǿʲôġǸʮ죬Ϳó仯ˡ⽫һµʱ䣬ϵûгϵʡٶȿڽˡ
ɶأǰһ㣬һǶ೤ʮˡ
Ȼÿͷʲͬ϶ʵ֤ȷʵˡ
ٶȺ֮ǰ֪ٶȻСˡǵǰĳϵٶءȻͼˮƽйءʱܸı䡣
нǺ¡
Ұ˵һʼͳϣĻҪ졣Ҫι᳤⡣
յι̺ͷҶ¼ˣҪЧ۾ռ
Ҫ¼һȫԱġ
հһۣΪǽĹѾûгĿˡ

˿ȣˣ⹤ǶɵĺܺãѽǾҪ¼ϸʵҲƷ֣˼֮ܳǰʵģ϶ûġֻҪߵͬ־ṩϸݣⶼҪġ죬һȥϳӣǵĹʮ塣
Ц˻
ǣ⹤ˣ԰Ū˰ɡ
һͲˣԼҲһ첻ŵģ깤϶˵ġǱ˸ǾͲˣǣһݷǳΰĹҾҿÿţĳЩΪҪسˣͿʼʲôˡ
ˡ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷͻˡ¾Ͳˣúøϰ
ŶյͦĻġ
³һµʵҲˡ
ｫͷͨ㲥вԱǣϳȷʵ⡣ϵûϵ೤
ͷԵϼֵǮһëǮ
ɶһǮһëչ۸ë೤Ƕ׬ĿǮȥɱҲ׬ˡ
Ȼ֪ͨҲ˵ˣʲͬԼιܻͬЩƫԣ㲻׬ҲԲġ
ӭԱڹ繺ϣûǮóעʳϢɸ·㽨裬Լũæеͬ־˵ˬĸо
֮ǰιˣΪûжԱȣԼҲûЧڶ˶ԱˣЧˡ
Щ˼ңϽڼҵӺӣԼ֮ȥϡ
ΪǮʳҲá
￸
ͬ־ϵγҲʹ˵ˣιϿԲȫιιҲСҲӪ⡣
ԱֹţͷԵĶ˺ˡӪءЩ˶Ӫˡ
ѹģ¶Ҫ
Ͼ֮ǰֳʱ˵ˣֳҪ
һԼҲڵ绰͸߳˵ˣҪڱʵ֮󣬲óȥоݡƹ㡣
ʵˣҲˡ
¶ģҲܣҲûɵô
ҪжˣͰлˡ
û⣬һⶼûС
ɶû⣬㡣
ЦЦ˵˵Ұɣǲð찡أǮ˵ЩʶˣڶŴմҹҹҵʹԶĲ˵ۺ칫ĶԱ֪Ǹöˡ
죬㻹ͦ󷽣ԼҺ˵Լ¶ɲ
ҶҲںٺٵЦˣԼһưæˣҪܹϣöǮ׬˵ġ
ⴵûð򡣡
԰ǰʮǮϣҸëǮǰɣе£˵Ҫ۶֮ŸİҪȻһģܲˡ
ͷǶԵģȻҲ۵ö˸оݵġ˰ġ
˵ţҲ˴Ĵָ
ɷˣǸﰡ
۶ˣҸ̸ˣ׼ٰ⸽Ĺһܡ
ĵĹ𣿡
ûУаͺһһýģ㴫ңҴҺ˵ؽۿܡ˵ֹ֮̾ȻˣЧ㣬Ͼ˼Һ۲ϤмȱΣҲҿɹƭ
ָָ⣬Ҳã˲áҪǱץˣǿɲұסġ
ץץԴУҲ˵˵ûǸӡҾˡǶ١ԱҵܴЩɲɶֳǲȥġûô͡öĴͷЩֳأũǺûǮʳġ㿴̶ۿ򣬱ιҪֵģ˵˲˵Ҳû򰡣˼볤ء
һЦˣļһ£ɱˣ˼ҵðȥι
Ȼ˵¶ЦҲȷʵǸ¶
ʵũͬ־ȷʵ
֪ι׬Ҳ᲻á
ķʽǮҪֳǵֳ
лҪ˵ôôա


154 
Ǿڹƹ, Ȱѱ߲ݳһ, ٶš
Ϊ·, ҲԶ·, ɴԼȥ硣·޵·Ѿ˺ܳһˡ֮ǰ޵һѾ, Ҳûһ;ҲѲӣ±۵һš
·ԱǿʱĴк
ģø⹤̵СȥʳǱ߰裬ɱˡ⿴ûϵ, յ, ȥĶҲУԵˮ
ûǮҲܿˡ
С, ˣһǰ̶࣬, ˡۿɲ۸ԼˡϻͷҲȥա
ʱЦ, С, ɵĺá
С˵Ц
֪˶ԱãöԱÿ϶ûġɲһΪԼףܲġ
Ҫڹ粻쵼, ԱͲӦ
˹ûȥҺǣֱҵΡ
οе£·ǶǺõĲٺˣɲܿˡ
ԼԴôҾͺͺˮһġ
γϿҵȷʵе񡣡
񣺡
νСհʵ㻹̫ˡʱҾģ֯˵Ҫ֧֣һƬ⣬Ҳ֯ΪѰ·ˣԺ϶ٸʲô֧ˣҺú۲СҪȻ㶼ܵӰ졣
ЦǻΪ֪쵼áҾӰ죬ȡҲҪȡһ˱ֻ֣Ҫһ·ǶߣҲԸܴ֡
ǰĸɲΪ˸ȡƶҲǸٴȥϲվ˰ۡϴŸͷͳţϲŻ
˵˵㡭β֪ô˵ˡ˼ȷʵá̫ˡÿ쵼ÿ쵼Ƣ㲻֪ͨԺܻԿġ
ȷʵѵáһŮͬ־ɳôĳɼϣԺǰ;
ʵΣ֪㵣ģĲõģʵҲǿɫ£֪쵼ǶãԲŸҿڵġ
ЦЦаɣ㻹ᡣ㱻ְҲĥһĥƢˣʲô϶Ҫİɡ
ҪģͶġ
εɶ
ϳǿ𣬱ŶȺڸԭǻרԼˣȶ֮󣬷ֳϵȷʵûϵҪĸ졣һ¶೤أѳɱȥˣҲ׬һġŸ͵㣬ҲǸлΪ·ˡ
ξȣͣҪǮ
ͷٽιԳԿҪǺãԺҲҪǾòãǾͲùˡ
Цͦ󷽰˵ëһٽҲʮǮˣһ¹ʶ򲻵
ЦԼãҲ˵ǮǮˡõúþУҪõúãҲ۲˵ģ˿϶ȲҪ࣬ҳÿ졣ĥǰһڰܳˡ
ôãξȵ
ΣҪſѧɻǱĿ죬ϼȻˣ϶ĺôҲʵˡȷʵãǽ껹׼ϳֳҵǿġҲ˼ҷ֣͵ö취׬Ǯ
˵Ҳǡᣬ칫磬Ӧأ̫ˡ
㻹֪ɣڴѧȥҵλ֧Ԯֳء۶ĴҲˣûɹҲȥˣҲûɹⲻ˵ҲȥҵλˣûҵҲΪɶҧ·ԭͦףҲܸͦɡ
ԣ͵Ҫɶʵĳӣôܾأ
װǵ˼ǣȥҴ󳧿ֳͷ·װ·ĲãǮĿϣûǮ𡣿˼ҴҲСط
Ҳ˽ʱҪǰЩ꣬϶ʱװ·ǲû򣬷Ӧ󡣵⼸ͲҲˣеķװӦҲˣСͳӾͿʼ·ˡ
δĸ￪ź󣬺ܶӪСΪӪȥòգɱ˽˳а˽Ӫӡ
˵װֻһϵ
ʱС껻˵ضѺõũøСꡣСİ֣ǺķװĳΡ
Ϊ֮û׼չװ棬Ծûߡ
ĸǣͷ﷢չ㹱ףҲȷܲܰɡԸɴû˵ֻ¶ˡ
Լȥϳϵ¶֮ͻضˣҲûȥҺǺ糤λոѪɲȥ̼ˡ
˶ˣȥһ£ں칫ˣ˵ϺáҲá
ȥһˣ̸ˣҲ̸ˣ
ҡͷҿûô£Ҹ칫ٽϣ׼ٽ
񣺡
զ֪⾫ϸʲôʱɢͯˡ
İɣ϶ͣòãԼù֪ˡҪΪǴ档֪Լ綼ˣ˵϶áԱǣ֯׼û
ҲǴˣôһ˵ˡ
ԱǶ˵Ŀ϶ǲεģ˵զզģǿ϶ˡѧ
˷ܵҶˣͽ᲻źײǰеˣģһұ׼˸ࡣ
ţˣҿǴˣǿɲ˷ˡ
С
˴Ҵҳȥչгˡ򷭳ԼС˸;绰
绰Ǵװġ
תӣҵСİ֡
壬ãСͬѧ㻹ǵ𣿡
񰡣֪˭ˣǺŮطĺͬѧء
Ǯ˼ҶûҪ
ҵȻǵðҼС¶ˡǱߵũСѧʦˡôûʲôѰ
ЦСĺþУҲûʲôѣϰնܴӡЩѯһ¡
ʲôѽ
壬Ĵ󳧣ҪֳῼЩпܿس𣿡
ֳҿɲǺ˽⣬ⶼǳǵ顣سǿ϶ģٲҲҪȥҲ֪ӶҪǽͨһġǵҲҪǣ·һǴеģ϶úáôֳ㲻ڴɻ𣿡
ЦҰһ¡
֪绰ԲֻΪ˴Ϣ϶Ҳ¶
ȻҲûôֻ࣬⺢ԺлسǵĻᡣ
Ϊ֮ǰԼҹŮ飬ԾǷģ鲻ûҲҪ
Сհֳ̫ˣҲȷʵﲻʲôæҪ֧֣ҵǿԺͳ쵼ڡСسгʵС
壬֪ˣллһ쵼ġҲ˵ϵֳܿҲֻǰԤ˽һ
лҪ˵ôôգŵ¡


155 
֪װ¶ð, λð, ʵ̫ˡ
СسǸװ, Ǹʱ˼ҿԸڴһʮֱԵĵش, һСسǿ
ʵ
쵼ɵӣֻкô, ˼ҲŻ졣
ϳܰɣҲΪϳԣԼͶʲ
ҪȻҲˡ
¶ȻҲҪ취æֹ뾡һ﷢չãҸæ, Ժռͻõֻ֧ࡣ
һӵķչ, ɲֻЩɲãûʱʱ֧һ£ҲѰġ統ʯ·͸˶ܴİ, ڹڽˮ·Ժ͸ˡ
Ȼ¶ڵ绰ﲻ̸СҲȷʵ𲻵, ֻṩһЩϢ, Լʱ򵱳һש
һ絽, ڰ칫ϸĿװ顣
ѡ񣬲װõġҪ󣬶װôûȥҲáеԴϽн, Ҳܽʡɱ
һֱ뵽ҹǳ°͸ԵģȥϢ
·ϣ벻ͨ㣬ɶôƴɶ¶룿
ֵͷЦ
ԴֻѧϰԴҲⲻˣ㣬ʲôôƴ㲻۰
ЦϹλͶˣһ㣬ܸıܶ˵һֳɾ͸Сʱ⣬;û׹
ͷҶˣѧУѧϰҲǣ˶ȥ棬ûȥ¶ԲǵһӶ˷ѡ
Թӡ⺢ӳϸˣҪˡ
ؼҵʱںƼ̫̫ϡ
Ϊ֧ŮĹڶûʱ򣬾ֱӿһٽؼˡÿιʱ򶼰İ͸εۣӻŹǴϡ
ۣ̣ҵģǾһ׻Ͳ˶ˣҪҪŶءǰΪã׼ͷҪ˵ˣ⻹һͷĸأĸԺõ㣬ӹǺãԺӸǿ׳
ЩţҪǾӲףֵĹӦ㣬Ҫˣ
ģʮֿ϶
ˣָ񣬡̣ǲ͹綼ҪˣҲҪ򣬶Բԣ
ͷ
񼤶㿴㲻ң㱦Ů򣬸Ͻ򣬲ߺŲˣռҿɲߺŰ
ͱˣǣȥ
̣ôأֲֻһĸСˣóԶٰԲԣۼҲǻпװˡ
Ь׾ͳ㵱أôǮһٽ
㿪ĺúúã˵ˣһٽﰡ̣𷴻ˡ˵žܡ׼ȥԱˣ̶һٽˣܿˣ
°̾ôˣܡ
Ϊ˱޽ֵˮ·϶ǴǱҹġҲǰҹܳȥԱռ˺ӶæĲˡ
Ҷ͸˵ˣһ¾ͻһ졣
ǶôŬý
°ЦЦǰǳϢڳϢ˶żˣ
̸ձһٽϣأ⻰Ǿ͸ɴ಻ȥˣڼϵڱˡ븶ҪϢһǮأ
°죬ֲϡ
ҺӳϢˣҲ̫̫һʶ
Ķ
Ͽģɲǰơ
صڴЦ
ãҶŬĸоá
ڶ죬öİٽϣƵȥ˹磬Ǹٽ
αҪԼȥ˵ģˣ˲ѡ
͵͵СǰĲ˵⣬Ҳ֧֣ܲܺòãϣǹ綨ٽ
ЦԼ쵼ȻǴ
ҲЦˣﻹУ͵ȥģ
ǸϳҲǸʲƷǹ͵㣬ⲻԺɶĸ˵𣿡
⻹ͦ¶Цŵ
˾ǽģȻ˵֯϶иԵĹأͬĹ£Ȼƫڸһˡ
һȥϾǴģҲǴȥǣΪｨһ
λȥ˸ͷ󴫻
ȺǳʱҲá
˵ȥｨһ׼ô
쵼˵̸װֳʶһҴװ⣬û׼ܰæǣߡ
ǲʶͦడɶ˶ʶ
ͬѧڷװ쵼
Ƕʱп֮󰡡
ҸͬѧǷװ쵼
ǵȻǣߣֱӺһȥ
·ҲԼ׼̸¶˵һ飬ôԼͷϴܲһ֪ˡ
ǣ˵ʵڻ˼ֱֳ󳧻ϲῼǡԭҲġҪǵʵԴǲܵġٶ˵Ұ첻
ǵͷеѶȷʵȷʵûκư
ϣҽ׼ǵĿģȻĿһֻҪĿˣҲԿ
ǵ˵˵
Ҿ˵ǲԴ˵ǲƷƺͷװʽзװйˣȱǷװԼװϣΪ󳧵ͷҽ鰡ֱӰװȥ˵ֳˡ
һ㶣⣬ĳӾ˼ҵֳˣֻ·װЩ쵼úӡ
̯֣԰ҵĽ飬ҲҪԼ˵ˡ
ǿ˿ȣǹҲͦΪѵġ
ȥϡ
һ͵ģ˵۵ģֱϵڱ¶
źǵһĵл

ŵ
ǵȻ⻰λ֪Ͷ˵ˡ̬ȻǿԵġ칫򲻵õӣ϶ҲľˡԺ칫Լ֮㹻ˣҲˡ
ЦŵҲΪӵ¶͵ģҪкöͻһ¡õúãҲԼˣﳬֵ
Цǲ˵ģҪãۿ϶ҪõġҲϣ
뿪Ǿȥǡ
ũæʱҲæ˵˺һǲڳʱǡ
ˣͦȡ
ʶ﹤ôˡ
ͱһ¶·޽Уµ깤ЧҲܺãĹҲû
ź⣬ùǣ
ЦŵǣС˵װڷװʶˣ㽨顣ŵһƬģʹ㱨һ¡
ҲǸǴԤ룬ɲɣҲⶼһƬء
һŵ˲ѣСú˵˵
Ϊ¶ء
лҪ˵ʮ


156 
ԼڳϺͺ˵ļƻһĺ˵һ顣
, ҲǴ绰ȥѯʹ, Ȼȫ濼ǹġͲԽԽ, װʽҲԽԽḻ, ǷװľԽԽѡ
šüͷ˰죬˿
Сͬ־İ취, кôҲвõġ
õĵطǣԺ⳧ӵȨûôˣиܳѹš
õĵطԺ˱ϣд󳧻ţõӣõķװʽõ
Ч, , и๤ˡ
ǵҪĿҲܹӹ˸λܶϰյľҵ⡣
ΪɶôẢҪ磬ǳûиλ
ЩӼͥģΪû, ҲֻڽϻţҲһ
ϰӹ, ǲĺá
ѶҲе, Щװ쵼һ쵼, ѹɽƵӡ
ҽ⣬Ҳҳ˸Ⱑ
ǿЦ
ҲεЦ, Ҫ¶ֹڲѣҪ취˵װû׼ЩֶãҪĲãӰ
ϵЦݸˡ
ҲԸȥһˣôҲȡˡҲһϣ
Цǣ㿴С⺢Ȼ࣬ǽҲܻ
һʱĻʲô
ⲻһİ顣һãҲزǺúõĺʹ
ֵǣҾҪı䣬ͱ׼Ŀꡣ˵ֱӵ㣬ǺЩ֮ȡ衣ϳҲôġҪȻҲȡҪ档жǸ̸ġ
˵ϳҲǸп˵б£ϳ˵ˡǵʱô̸ġ
˵ʵȻֽĺãҲͬ־ȥɷдģʵҲЩܰǸϳ϶ֹǹũһ׵뷨
ɾ͵⻰أͼӴ׵İѺϳ˵һ
ܽҲ뿴ĴũƹǷЧҪҲʡǮ豸ҪǳˣҲǰƹ㿪ˡҲܴﵽʡǮĿġ
Ǻͺ֪ϳ࣬Цǵˣб£
񲻺˼Ҿãץס˻Ҳûܳɣֻҵǵ󣬾ԣû뵽ˡȻˣҲ˵ȫɹҲŬʵֵԼŬռϡɹˣϳǵǱҲӴͶʵġɼˣԺұĵλռͰ쳧Ҳ˵ԷݣԼ
ʮϿɡ
ҲЩ뷨ˣǸ֮Чô
ʮܺã֮ȷʵĸ죬˳ɱˣ׬ͷ
Ǹ˵Ҳ˵ϣзչ
ͷҸոҲһЩȥˣÿҪǺãҲǳԺǻæڵҲأҾúöӦôҶ֪ϡ
ǹЦǰռء
ҳȷʵܰǣȷʵǺöܹռǵֳҵҲкôġũͬ־Ƕ̫ ܹһǮ룬ҲǺõġ
ֱ׵˵ˣǺͺǷûɶ˼ˡ
һ£ȷʵǰռͣǺöȷʵռϸճʱ򣬲ҲǺùܲˣ᲻ǷǮ𣬺ռ֮󣬴ҵճˡ
ЧȷʵҲռ
һ˵ռͷչҲǺ£ռǲҲ
ǵװ飬ҵϳһǿ԰һ¡Ҫֳÿóɼˣȥ쵼ҵġ
۾ˣ˲ѣǣǰǽˡ
ֵ֧֯ĺôԼһҼȥܣ˵û֯ϾͲһˣһļɶð졣
Цܰ⣬ﻹ鶼װɲɣȥ֮ҲϵһʶǸװ̸ʲôز
ڴӦˡһᾡŬġ
̸飬ǻæţҲǡ
Ǿͺһع硣
Ǿ͵СհզĥţҪǸأǵû⵹ǽˡ
ЦǣⲻǴ⣬ֻҪܸ㶨װҾܶҲʵڲٳ⡣
Цͦ࣬ʲôʱҲǺ칫ⰡǿǸһˮ·Ϊ·Ҽ춼ûԺ˯á
ˣ·ˡ
ǣҾҲż֮۹ҲడװĸƷʷװˣҲȥŲ̄һר˷װۿɱǶһƣɱͰҪ·ԱǻԼ·˶Ǯܶ˻Ըֱµġ
һ˹ʣָסɶǳɱֻе豸λ칫ģҲǳɱ
ǹͲһˡûôߵֻҪ׬ֹѾˡ
ϿҲкö˶ûءڹϲȱסȱ
ǶЩӵ鲻̫Уô;ÿԿ
Цһ°ƣ񰡣˵զôأ
ǿˣǳӶࡣ
ʶðԺҲҪȥתת
ͷǣҲɲǶൽģȥѧϰȽĹģʽЩλĸɲÿ궼ụ߷ѧϰ
ЦǮ˾ͰţǮ˾ǵѧҿϣһЩһĸɲ
ǫİ֡
Լڰ칫˻̣˼һ·װ⡣
ͬ־˵ĻЩġ
ЩۿԽԽˣҪˡʱҪӲţǾͻΪۡ
֮ȫ˽Ҳò˼顣
ܶϰǻ᲻´ԸԼ·װĲֿ澹ȻҪѹһ¡
ʲô˵ȥܲҡøģġ
òֹװԽԽȥĳӣҲǿҸġ
ôΪۡ
˹֪ͨȥֳλʼһϣЧãҪãúõķչֳҵ
Ͻˡ
پ֪ͨҿᣬˣѷװͬ־ҲҹûˣЩϽȥ졣
ϽСȥ绰֪ͨ
лҪ˵ôôա


157 
ҲǸж, ֮ͨ, ;ɡ
Ҫǻǰ, ܻҪԥ, ¶̫󲻺á
ڿɲһˣӺܶļϴ˼ϾͿԿ, ں͹ȥһˡѰչ֮·
첻¶ǵΪϰնҵ·
λͲ࣬ҪЩλ޷棬ҪǮ֧ԮԺҪϿȥġ
ڻ֮쵼ûü˵ɶ, װ쵼¿ˡ
ͬôɡ
Ҳ͹ȥ˵С, ǣҲ̫ˡԺܳҪʲô뷨Ǻܱҹͬ־Ҳͬġ
ֱӣװЧԽԽ, ˸Ҳǰ˰ɣȥ껹һʿ֧Ԯ긣ôȥ, ô죿Ѿ, ûʲô̸, ǻȥԼ׼
쵼ˣȻҲ˵
س, ҪǷŪɳ׾װ֧Ųȥô죿
ô죿Ҵ̸ҳǰ棬ҾͲ³еΡҪʲôʧҳеΣ˰ɣ
˶˵ˡ쵼Լе⻰˵ˣ˵Ļͦ󰡡
װ쵼װ׵ģᡣ
Ǿ벻ͨˣôͻȻء
֮ǰ˵Ҫץװ棬ǻͦ˵ģעԺֵĿ϶ࡣ
һգۣû֧Ԯͷ˸
ʵҲҪܶ㷢չ˭Ըȥء
˵ǰٷϴˡҲȥģһĪչӵҲ֪ˣԼǸⷽӣԸɴҶ
װܡֻҪ÷չˣˣϺȾС
ȥڶ죬ͽӵֳĵ绰ˡ
˵Ҫϻȥá
ÿֳҪҲ󣬵һǶٶൽһǧ
ֳ࣬Ҳһˡ
󣬵Ƕ˵Ǹ¶ϾɺϰղһЩҵλƽϻǮιҲõ׿֮ģҲǮġǮҲֻҪǾúãԺǿɾ
е֮Աߵռ͸򵥡
ϳһֱûֿͣĻɲ٣˲ѡǱͣץϡЩƷ¶ѻ
ͳȥ֮󣬹Ҫ˶ãͻԽԽˡ
ЩпȻ֯һ仰˵ƤӶáҪı֯ĴȲҡ
Ҳɶ磬Լǵ֮ǰںе˶ԱˣǴԼûԱһ㣬Щ˾Ϳм׬ۡ
еĹͷϴֵܣⶫã
Ժã룬ʮ²ųͳˣýʡʱ䣬׬Ǯ۶ʱˣƭǵġҪȻԺôǻ֪ɣﶼ֪ͨˣֳҪҪǲãЩ쵼ƹ㣿˼ҲǴĥٹãⶫñ⻹ϡȱؿɾһ׻ء
ͷϴһİƣУ۶ǧ
񷭰ۣǲ
ʱûôǮǮټӡ֯˵˵
Уôôˡ
ִ׼ȥ
еǲ׼˵ģǼ񲻸ˣųںЩλ࣬ܲܵˣͺ͸¶˵
ԭ治ֳֹʵһЩֳɽСЩֳǼ˺ϻ￪ġֱ׵˵ܳƵһʱˡ
Щ׬ǮˣҪãûһ׬ǧء
Ŀʱ۾ֱˡ
ԭԼ⣬ôǮ
ȥ֮˵¶
ûϡ棬¶ǰҲӴˣɶʱ⡣ȻҲѡ
겻ᣬ㲻ȥɡ
˿ȣûҲûɶǮ;˼ұϰöࡣ
磬ˮⲻ˵ϲϷǷҲֻ˵˼һ׬ǧզ˵˼ҪˣǮأҲ㣬㹻ļʶڳ׬Ĳ˶࣬ѧϰࡣɳˣҪȥ⣬Ҳ㡣
˵ӣˣǶﳧզ찡
ЦҲԴëҪ룬һ㣿
Ȼ񣬵Ҳ˵֮⳧Ӿûˡڵλʵеһһʦͽ͸ɲѵƶȣΪԺɲġԺˣֻҪƶȻڣ⳧Ӿͻ᲻ϵȥ
˵㣬öʵҴԺȥ⣬϶Ǯ
֣ҲϲǮֻ¶ǮⶫþС
ͻȻ֪˵ɶˡܾԼ˵Щ׬Ǯ¶ͦûġ
˵Żϵ绰
һü۶ˡ
绰ǹǴģ˵Ѿˣ˵ǸˣȥרŸ¶˹ͨȻǣߡ
֤񡣡
˵绰ҪȥҴӸɲǽ
ȥɶ
ȥЦߡ
񣺡
Ӹɲڹϲˡɾʮ㣬ÿææĶûš
Ҳģֻһ䣬ð·ӵĹԼϳ蹤þС
ϻأӻأȥĹġôǸֵġ
ɲ֪ҪȥҪ¶Ӧˡ
Ŀڱʾһöκ⡣
ˣȥ˹磬˵һ֮󣬲ȥﱨ
Ϊ˷װĸ飬һС顣ֱӵС鳤
˵ʱͦ죬һװģôҲǵ鳤˼Ҷæ
͵͵˵˻飬һеε׳١
ͬ־飬Ҫúð찡ǿǶѹġ֮⣬ԼҲǺʡǷװ֮ǰǽܵĵλϵЩӶû̬˵Ҫǡ
ʱȻ𾴡
ÿһλΪϰеѹĸɲֵ𾴡
ҲֻһЩرѣôɣҪʮֵ¶ˡҪȻİ
ڰ칫ǣںСԱͳƷװʲϸĿǰװľ
üͷ壬һá
һϾˣǿáЧʿ϶»ġЩѻķװԼϣͷۡǷծ
һŷˡϽ
СհεӦˡЩϸҲ㿴Щ̸̸ܲļж٣
һ飬˽֮󣬽Ϸ£Щʲɹʰٷ֮ʮ
ǣ
Ǽ쵼ӣϼӰٷ֮ʮǵĵλãܼӸٷ֮ʮһļʿԳɹ
ǲǵλҲӣ
ͷȻȻСسǣֻҪϴ󳧵ֺƣ˭֪ƫƧƫƧⲻҪȥе·ҲǺܷģ˵ʡǣȻзȴӺֱӷҪܶࡣ
װû˵ʡǷװǸ㣿
ʡǷװҲԸⲢǵֳѽôôĵģĿǰҲڶҡ˵ҲسǷװ쵼ػ

Ƕھơ˵λ֮⣬ǻй˹ҲһЩȺǵͶˡ
ôһ˵ͻȻԼСطкôġ
ǰܹŲãöźõĵطԼȷˣô˼̸
ٿͲѡ
ţ۹ͬ־֯Ҫص˲š
ǵô˵ȥ̸ԻǺܸߵģ
ͷ
ЦˣãȻǽͳȥ̸СհǾ鷳ܼˡˣ϶㡣
Цǣ岻ݴǵ¶Ҫ
ЦЦ
磬Ǿʹˣ֮⣬нǵ顣
лҪ˵ڣη˳Ը˴˰
ôôա˵


158 
ٴ̤Ϻ, ˵Ǽҳ㷹, Ƕ治ѡ
˼ҽϵĽ, Щֺĳ, ﶼЩ̾
ûˡ
ȣǾͲгǡٿò, ͸˵ˡ
ΪﲻϤҲʮ񣬰ţסдȥ·ӡ
绰Щ˵̸ֻܵ
˵㶫, ֱװᡣ
Ϊȥһ, Ҳǵ˵סַ
ʱϹڼ䣬·Ͽ˵ǲ࣬ڼҡſ¯ӡ
һ, תͷ
ժ۾̡
㰡ӡ, ǰŮĺѽ, ˼رߵˡĻرÿ
ɺþû, ߿ȥ
Ͻдݡ
۾ϣŶණֱ˵̫ˡ˾ͺ, ʲô˵СũĺãǼѾŰ˸ũˡ
ʲôʱûʲôš
Цʱũ㽨裬ʵҲΪ˸㽨¶ġ
˵⻰ˣǰ˻˵˵ӺҪʲôֳ˵ͦѵġ
¶˵ˣ̸˵ʵûͣҲ⳧رǿơҲ˵ˣҪҪ֧֣ܰæָһ¡ⷽóҪҪҲܸŪû
ЦǲҪȥ̸ֻҪǸ쵼ŸĻͺáҲ˽һ·װû׼кôء
һ⻰֪˾ˣ͵Уȥ˵Ҫܰɣ϶øæ
ڼȲ裬ֱܳȥֻ
Ϊ֮ǰ绰˵ˣҲûྪȡǸпһ䣬⺢ӻͦġ
˼ʱſڣǻˣ˵վ
Цŵͦ󰡡
壬û취ⲻΪ˸㽨¶ҲΪģֻ˽һ³ٰæǣߡ
˵ˣҲûЦУЩûġ
ҲûϻֱӰԼ׼˽ֿ
ķչĿǰ쵼Ƣ֮ģгδķչ
⻹ҵˣΪǸģЧòãƽʱͳ쵼ǽӴҲˡ
ĿǰķչǱȽƽȵġΪǴ󳧣ͲϣǶͷһõġһܽӺܶλĳ֮ġװҲԶȫأĶĿǰû뷨ΪһͶҲҪ󡣶Ƿװӣ»ãЧ档̫ĹˣֻӸɵĻ豸άҲỨܶǮ
һֻ쵼Ȼһ
￪Ҳ˵һ顣
Ծȵͦ󰡡
֮ǰźͰ˵ˣ¶Ҳкôġ룬ǳһǮûܰ׵һӡȥȥ˵ʵҲǿˣʡºܶ಻Ҫ鷳ˡҪȻֱӵǱȫôĳӣ϶һһʶġ
ϸ룬Ȼܲ˴¶۹˵еᡣ
ôһ˵Ҳŵ飬Ұǣߡȱͳ̸ҽ񳧳̸ͳ쵼ϵȽϺãΪҲȽϺ˵̸ˣ󡣡
ԣͳˣָʤ󣬡壬㿴ԼϳԷզ
УҰԼ񸱳ǹһģҺϵûɶ⡣
Լʱ͵ص㣬ȥдǡ

ĹӪ棬÷ˡ
˵ʵڵģһ㣬񶼺
һ㵱쵼ģ˭ôΪȥһλĸϵ
ɼѹҲȷʵ
˶û˵ĵĵš
һֱ˿СʱŰֺλ񸱳ˡ
񸱳Ҳˣ߸ݵģʮӣΪ˴ţϺͺġ
ĺִк
λԶĿ˰͡
⻰ǵȻᵱ棬˰£ܲñ͡
ЦȻԶɽĿ˰ÿ͵ĵ
񸱳ЦŵУ´л롣
֮ҲûųԷ񸱳ȱ̬ˡ
Ҫ̸飬κ˵һЩȻϸ鰡Ҳ˵ð졣Ϊ֮ǰȷʵҲû뷨ЩͻȻҲǵķչ滮ʵǵλҲоӪѹġ
Ц֪λԼѹҲŬѰչ·ҲܹԴܹҲǵľĺ̬ȡҲӪλ֪һ㣬λӪĺ벻ã͵λǺйϵġװˣģԺҲһ߲ܡҪ˻ҪҶ֧֡
񸱳ţﻹЩݵġ
̸֮;ͻȻȻųƢƲ̸ϰ׼һӣʵҲҪ鷳¶ǡ
ڿ쵼̬ͦǿӲǻ治˼ؾˡֻҸۣҲİ
λ쵼Ҳ
Ǿ͸񸱳ܣĴǣҲǺǹȥ֪ࡣ
Ǻǹȥģ񸱳ЩиСҲ֪ҵˡͬ־ʲô飿
ЦͲϵĲϳ֣ǲϵƷֻѾԶǰҲЩСܵԭ򡣵ҾòõĽҲǻܵӰġֻԽԽҡװһ̶˵˵λõơǣҲֹһҷװ˺֮⣬оУеķװ൱ҵġҾÿֳҲʧΪһ·ӡֳԼϵʱ޺ͳɱǿԽһ֪ȡզ󳧻ûзӦ֮ǰװԼٵĽ·չȫΧ
񸱳ǵҲǺܲġʡдٻǵķװ۵ĺܿ졣
䷢ͻһװֶһ죬ʧҲеġķװϻˣǵ·ͻһгȫûб͡ȫԽװ赽ȥٻ󳧿ֳǰͶܴ󣬶һᵢʱ䣬ڲһˣװֳɵ˺ͻܿȫûκ⡣Ǹ˺ܶϹˣֻҪܳżʦȥϸָһҲܳҳϺҲе鷳Щ鷳ȫԽ֮󣬴ЧǾ޴ġ
൱˸ˡΨһǣǱȴϵܵ㡣ǳһ⡣
񸱳ϸϸһҲ˼δķչ򡣴λκθıǰеġ
ҲΪʲôᶨĲӹģйԭ
Ϊ˼һԴı䳧ӣ»õӣھõԱ
Ǵһ˵ҲЩܵˡ
ôгǺܴġ
ЦλǸҳ˸Ⱑһʱỹش𲻳
ЦǾȲشˣҪǳԷԺúȺá˵Ҳ١
񸱳Цŵ˵öԣȳԷԲƣλһ
ȥʱ񸱳û˵ɶֵ͵͵ʾ¶еŵˡĵȴ϶ڰȰȰ
ҲżȥĹس Ǿ⺣ǵš
ҲѵһΣתתѧϰһ¡
ǵϢʱ񸱳ҲͷװҪ쵼㱨¶
װģҲǾѧˣһĴѧܻ㾭һ顣
ҪȻװҲɵôˡ
񸱳ķ֮Ҳ˼⡣
ЩѣҪֳܹĺô
ڿѣ˵ǿԽġ
û뵽سǵͬ־ǣ۹⻹ǳԶġ֪δչԽԽšںܶ൥λϱԺԽԽḻҿƻǲܼģгҪ򿪵ġгˣʱľضҵġûȥתɣֵСг۸սˡ
񸱳ҲǰҪĳɱѱЧҪСؼҪ쵼Ҳ£ҾδĿ˷ֳԴҲܵõһЩ֧֡
ͷʧΪһ·ҵǲǵЩֻǵľġ쵼оİѳĸˣӲҪȻٺõĻУ˲УҲһͭ
񸱳ã¶ܰǻںǵϢûȥء
û̻ش𣬶ǳһ̣ŵܰ죬ҪȫȨɲܺǳıȫǳĹҪҸ֣ɲǸ˴ӵġ
װߵִܿͨˡ
⼸ںǼһ֮󣬸ĸľҲԽˡᶨҪװˣֹװҲҪġ
ִݵϢ֮ʹӦˡ
طװһ⣬⡭Ҳ̫Եˡ
ֱӵ˭ԼûءҪб£˭Ըˣ
Цŵû׼⻹ǻأҪǽɵĺãû׼͵ܳˣһӾͱɺˡ

ǵֻҪǱ֤ѷװӪãЧ⣬ǾԲ֡
ҲڶһװĹˡЩ͹ܲˡ
˫ͳһˣʽ߽˺װЩ쵼Ľ顣
Ϊ֮ǰҵ̸Ҳ˳
װȻ̣Ҳ֮ģ˼ҵֳˣȻܳġ
Ҳ۸ˣϲЭҲǩ ϵһйӦܳͬҲ˵ܳôչصֳôչµĲϣʽ֮ġ۷ҲͳһܳšȻֳҲͨԼǹ˸˹ʶܳ𣬵һȰԭĸ͹ʷţ۲һ귢չš
ȻҲ˸Ҫڻʡֻôһҷֳɲˣʱ⿪ˡ
ϾǽӵĿģҲϣδԷչ󡣸Ӹĸλ
سǻͦŵģЦҪܷչǵزҲûҪڻϿڶҷֳˡķֳǿ϶ҪֵġȻʵھӪҲֻٸλˡ
ûɶ뷨ˣҲһǸװҵˡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


159 
ЭȻǩ, ҲֻǸʱЭ, ֻǸԼ, װҪȥطװһ, ṩϺʵʵǲһġ
ֳ¶񸱳һ˾ͿԸ㶨ˡ
Իʱ, һ֮⣬װˡ˼⳧ӿˣйСء
˵صĹ񳵣ҲֻдӾ̭ļճѡ
˼ҵףԭͦίĽͻȻ˼ڴ
ҪǷװչˣԺҲֳ
ͽӵ绰֪ͨ, ǻʱ, װſڵĻӭʽˡ
ҲܳԺ˭ֻ˵ԺںһװˣóԺҲпɽĳˡ
˿ɽ, Ժ븣бˣһ겻һꡣ
ԹǶ¶ʮ֧֣֪ܳҪ쵼, Ĺӭӡ
֯˰ѳʰĸɸɾġܳ쵼Ʋǡ
ʵϾʰһ, 񸱳ҲƲС
ƾ, ڲҲҲ˾òҲС
ɶɶС
˵ʵڵģ񸱳һ˲Щġ
Ҫһʼ̸, Բ̸
ЦŵֻʱģҲ쵼ˣװһשߺˮɰʯװһ¡³
ڱţĽˡ
⵹Ǽİ񸱳顣
޲һҲܿЩϾɻ
ЩˡһֻԼĳ嶯ÿԹҪȻ治ֳ֪ô
Щ֪ܳˣɶˣɾʮ㰡׼ܳһˡ񳧳ھǵָ·ƣõ졣
񸱳ЦЦЩڴӣ͵͵̾
˵ˣЩͿеˡ
ܳЩ̭ϻܱĺãȴպðɡ
񸱳ĻʱֵŴЦſ治һ
񸱳ҪǺ˶һṩϣûɶ룬¶ҲͶˡ
Щ쵼æˣ͵͵񸱳Щ˻ȥҲϣ۾ҲҪǹɡ
񸱳ҲЩɻô⻰ʵҲҪװ
׼ӹǹҲûɶòϣֻܼɻԱṩõĴġ
񸱳ǵȻû⡣ʱԼҺڴĽǢҲʡ¶
̸˻ȲҪȥˡⶼһˡǵǼˡ
ϽȥǴ˸кǻ߳ԷϾ̸ɣλͬ־ǳ˴
˵ǼĹҲûǿˣϾҪĳȥ
·ʱȥҺǻ㱨
˵ʵڵģ⼸춼˶˼֡
ǿŶˣ˰ɡ
Ц·ϵЩۣʱ仹á
ǵ͸øϽȥϢɶҲɶ¶Ҫ֪쵼
ЦЦ¶ú˵ķװ¶̸֮󣬺Ƿװǿɻ˵̫ˣҪ۾ɴˣҾϺλǶˡ۲˵ȫҪҪһѵð
һҲϲˣС֮ǰ˵¶ģ˷װ
ûл
˻Ǿͺðˡ
Ҳ֪󲻹󡣡
Ҳ֪Ŀǰ··ʽ϶ҲţҪҲҪǮ
Цҽ鵽ʱæε飬Ҳˡ
Ǹ˵İƣû㻹ôæҪǰһѣҲ˵ֱ֧Ԯˣڸ
ͷ쵼û£ҾͻȥϢʱҪ¶ֱӴ绰Ҿ͹ˡ
Ϊ¶ˣֱӵͷȥ
ˣкϢû˵ء
ٺˣѾϳˡ
ˣȥҲ֪ˡ
ĳӻصҲڶһѡ
֪ǳȥµġóͻǿ϶ǰˡܰ¡
һ뵽ЩѧʦǶҪȥˣֶ۹á
̺񰡣֪һЩѧʦǻȥӵģɷ
׼Ȼؼʰһ£⻰һ㶣ʦǻȥˣ
Ҳûȥȥм˵ҪȰ·ߣҪѿԵꡣ
⻰Ҳ˲ûȥˣ˵Ͻǵİ칫ȥ
ЩϽǻţֻڣϽڣˡ
½ڼˣЦˣ
Цŵͷ˵˵Ҫȥˣ̫ˣ
½Ҳܸˣ϶Цݣ½ڵҲûһ죬ߵĵ죬˹ˣ˵ǿԻȥˣҲû˵Ź˵ǵ֪ͨŻûɣȵȡ
żǵʲôѽȥá
½ǻ࿴˿ЦʲôҪйǿ϶ҲȥˣҲûʲôڼҲǴšǼˣ˵׶Ҫᣬǹȥϻ˵Բ㣬ǲû˵ż˺õĻ͸
ж۾ˡ
Щͬ־ò˻ȥĻᣬȻΪ˰ѡһʱ䡣
Ÿ
ʦллǣллλʦӳ˻ؼҵʱ䡣
лʲôҲûõ飬Ǿ߰ҲҪʼգĹꡣһУǲǵ硣
ʦ˵ֵ֮ңǶڲ²⣬ѧǲҪУҪȻôʦȥܲǶš֪ͨ˵˼滹ǵȰšСհ֪ζʲô𣿡
Ĭһ£Ȼͷ
޽Ц㿴˵϶뵽ɡ
߽ڵ⼸ҲҪҸϰһ£֪ʶܽᡣСҲҪץʱѧû׼Ժڴѧܼ档
ġһŬϵġ
߿Ȼֻǲ²⣬ʦǵǶɵô£׼
һ࣬ҲܿġѧȻʽĴѧҲǽ̹ģǵѧˡֻϣܿóɼ
лҪ˵ôôգ


160 
ΪҪٵĸ߿, ЩϽǶʼ˶֪ʶ
Ϊûȷ, Ҳûкʹ˵, ֪ʶ˵Ϊ·ݵĲĳ̡
ȻҲʱѧϰ, ƽʱҲȷʵͦæｨ裬⵹ǲҪġˮ·Ҫһھ޺ˡϳҲڿʼƬ, ҲҪ깤ˡĻСӳǿţҲûɶ⡣
ҪҪæ˲⡣
ǵ¾ҪĲμӸ߿ˣ취ȰѶĸλһ£ѧУʦǣгǡҪӦ˽Ӱࡣ
Ҫǵʱһ˿ˣ档ȻѾλ˲, ҪԹԱ, ȹԱְˣ档ڻԱһ黹Ƿȱˡ
׼ٶһЩ˲ˣֹӵģҪӱĴˡ
κҵķչ, ֻص˲ţҪط˲ͬչСֻԼĶ˲ţԼûнȸ, γһ˼롣ɲá
˲ƻ, ֱӸɲǿ˸ᡣ
Ҫ˲ƻռÿ±뿼˵Ĺ
ǿ˼ƻ֮, Ҫˣ
ͷֹ, Ҫ˲ŴԺѧУĽްҲԿʼӵˡ˲šǲҪֱĶӻԼӣֻҪܸ﷢չǾǵ˲šҲܸѧУҲһ롣
۴ңԼˣһ˹ʲŶǮɵĺõͨˣһöʮͲˡԸöʮǶˣҲҪΪʮǮĹǮҵչȻֻǸȷ۶ʵڲҲţԺۻҪ㼼ѵ࣬ѧˣѧһżܲڶˡ۲Ҫһۡ
Ŵ˲ţԺ۶ֻᷢչԽԽãǶûɶ˺ôմȿҪֻԼ˺ãԺɶҶ֪
ռ͵ĸɲǶۿռͷչģ̫֪һʺĺˣҪް˲ţ֪ʶˮƽ˼ʶЩλҲᷢչô졣
Զ˲ŵ뷨ûǰų
εǣ۲˵ˣʹˡ۲ܴӰ߸ҪӸ߸ߵġ
Ҳ֣ͬ⡣Ϊգ͸Ŵ֮ǰôˣˡ
ЦŵҶûĻԱƻ;ˡ⿪һް࣬ͽ̻ƣեͻ֪ʶϣ̼׻ʹáѵ
û
û
ҷ׷ױ̬
¶ҲǽȥͬƶġҪƶƻҪ̯ȥ
Ҳǳɳ٣Ȼǲ˵ǰǿ˲٣һһ۵ġ
ȥѧУͬ¶УҪŽңԼϵʦϵ¶
ʱƶϸƻ֮˾ƶõ˲ƻӣͨѶԱļԼӵˡ
Ϣһﶼֻˡ
һֱĽľռˡ
Ϊռͺð˵Ƿˣ˵Ǹй¶ҶĽˡ
˵ռ͵ÿ궼лйأȥмˣǻѵ
ЩΪ˳Ϊռ͵ˣռ͵Ķ󡣵ռҲô࣬Щʵ̫ҲΪҸ
ռڿҲˣɲܲˡռ͸ˣֻҪģ͸ϽǮ߱ʳȥռ͵ѧУμѵ࣬Ϊռ͵Ĵ˲š
ӦĶӣ֮ǰֻ׼ģǸࡣ
¶ռڲ˵С˻
ΪӿŽް࣬ԺҲƸˣŶ˾ˡ
ҼһûܽӵأľѹˣԺ١رѧУﱨô࣬ѹʹˡ
ڼҼһĺǶ˽ްģʦҲǽ˸ˡ
ɻֻãỵҪ˲żռͣλֻԽԽԺƸλֻԽԽࡣкôġЩ֪˵û۲Щ֪ǰͳҲô󣬸˵˲޷ˡ԰Ǵ¡˭ҪǺ£˭ǾԼǽûȾˡ
Щ¶Աڼ߶ͱ˽һˡ
Ҳڹ㲥ֱ׵˵ˣλԱͬ־ǣҲ˵۶˲ƻˡ֪϶ԱĻţҵ˵һ䣬ѧУԼſڣҲԼſˣȲӵˣǶˣǶˣ˭Ҫ
ЩԱԼſںھ߶ˣ˭ӵɻզˣ˼ҳйҲдũйأ˼զû˵ֻҪأҺ˵뷨ģǾǽϵ͡ûɶˣҪȥ˳ҲŲͬء
ҼѧУʦ˵ˣӵ˲ǽռ͵ģ˼ľͺáԺ۲ܸŹӡ
ǿɲЩ֪޲ǴģЩ֪ʶӣɶڵģ˼Ҳģ۰˶æǽׯڣ۵ׯڽ곤ľͱȥöˡ˶ĳ
ǿɲҿ÷ա
˵յ¶鶼õĲˣֿ˻
Щһص˵й¶ֻйأҪϣׯڳúãǾͺá
ڶǷӣ·ڳɻׯڳֺãǻɶ뷨
ûˣǾĲ
ռæŸ˲ʱһҲھк֪ʶǻˡ
Щ˶ǴȫģѧƶУرǽ˺öˡ
ǻǰͬѧ˽ˣоǲǽҪĸˣҪȻôЩͬ־
׶֮ҲûʽֻǱдϢſᡣ
һھ͵͵Ͻǲǵøռʹ绰͸Ҳɡ
ռʹ˿ɶ֪ռͻѧϰǺܶģ֪࣬صҲڼѧϰ
һȺˣϣܲʽĽġ
ڵûãҪŪѧϰϲźأ֮ǰõĿα̫ɢˣҪ渴ϰá
ϽڵǸҲ֪ʲôȿ˻ᣬܳȥתתȥϡ
µףռ͵ˮ·ʽ޺ˡˮ·ռ͵ϳ
ˮ·ˮҸ߸˵Ľ·´ɨɾˡ
ԱǵĻ˵ˮ·ֱͱԼĵ滹Ҫɾ
·ϣ鶼ĺãǸоԽԽ 
˵Ҳ֣Ҳһ·ѣƽʱȥߵҲ࣬·ˮ·ʱͲܴ
涼еҸ
Ϊ̫ȣҲûʲôʽֻ˸ڣչ·һ棬·ͷһ컨
ĻͶҲһ컨Ŷˣӣ˴·ϻͨ
Ҳ˴֮һ˵ߺȣһҲߣر·Ǻá
ԱߵĶ̵ۼﻹƽզ߶ţð·ãһӵһôõ·
棬ˮ·ųӺߣƽ̹Ĵ
Ժ¹¶꣬һˡ
Աָŷչ··ⷢչ·淢չˡֵȡˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


161 
¶, ;ڴѾõĲԻ
ʦǶԵĳġЩѶȡ
ʦǵ˵, İ֪ʶ㶼࿼һЩ, Ժܻаġ
İ, ѧУҲӡ
ȫո߿ģʽеġ׼֤룬ΪҲǷֿġ࿼ʦҲɶĸɲ, ԼһЩԾϣûвμӿԵ֪ʶӵεġʮϸ񣬷ΧҲȫˡЩ뿼Ե֪ʶǶΪǲμشˡ
Ϊ֧οԣ﹤ֱͣϢһˣֻҪĶμ
˵ΪԻ, ӸɲǲȻ˲ŴҪ, ҪЩǲڶˣҪˡ
һĶ֮ǰ˲ƻҲѡҺûİš
Ҳ̾ΪԼ۽绹ҪĸԶһ㡣
ûμӿԣֻԾڰ칫, һԼ
һֱ졣
Ž
֮󣬳½ҹԾ֪˵ĿԳɼ
ԾҲø½, ϸչ, ûס
½Ц, һġҲ֪㿼˶ٷ֡
οԿĿĿ˽ĸ߿ĿҪǿ
ģѧ, ߿ҲˣʷأﻯҲǷֿġ
οҪԴӵĿԣֻռ͵˺֪ǲμӿԣԾҲࡣ
ΪȷʣԾҲǻҪһڵʱˡ
һ棬뿼ԵǶ׶ӸһĵſԽ֪׿Եһ˭
Ǹܹȥũѧ˶˭
ԽһǺãʦ͸˵İˡ
㿼ĿƵһܷٷ֣㿼İʮ֣֡ѧ˾ʮҪĶ֣ʷ˷֡
½ڸ˵
Ϳİʮ
ôҲǲ߿İҲҪİа֪߿ǲģʱһٷûˣǾٶ֣
ʱĨ˰ѶͷֻܰοԼİٷܷ֣ٶҲˡ
½ڵɱ𲻸ˣĿǸ߿ĿѶȻеġƽʱҲûôϰɡ
ͷ
ͷĶǴͷѧģʷһѧģЩҲûѧģѧ֪ʶҲ˺ö࣬ǳʱ临ϰġ
Ҳ˸ˣΪԼμӹ߿ѧ̫ˡ
ɼܲˣҪǷǰصѧġץ㸴ϰɲΪ˹ˡ
ЦӦˣڶ﹤Ƚƽˣûǰôæˣһʱѧϰġ
½οͶˣ֪һΪԱӲŬ֪Ժ˴ѧˣиƽ̨ǡ
ĵͷ
δܵɲģǿҲǸѧأö졣
׼Ĺ٣öʶһЩбµͬѧһƶ
⿿һˣ¶
˵ĳɼأĵʵĵ⡣
˵˵ĳɼ½ڸˡ
ԤڵҪãٷ֮ʮٷˡаٷ֮ʮ֪࣬аٷ֮ʮǱصˡ˵ʵѾѵˡкܶ˶ǺöûϹѧģƽʱҪϹѧϰʱ䲻ܹ࣬ĳɼѵð
Ҳܾϲ
Ծʱ򣬾ûЩѶȵġ
ǰ˵һθ߿Ծܼ򵥣βԻ򵥣Щ˿ԳɼҪõġ⻹һβԣ⻹кüµĸϰ׷ʱءץʱ临ϰһõġ
̫ˡ
Ϳġ
ʦǼλʦˡ۶ȡĳɼλʦˡ
ЦŰ֣Լ֣ѧϰľ񡣡
ЦΣҪԺָ߿ҿϴѧˣҪлľǸλʦλʦ⼸Ҫȥˣ׼ڶͻᣬʱλʦμһ°ɡ
λǻ׼Լߵģаţ࿴˿ȻЦŵͷ
У㰲Űɡ
Żͻ֮ǰεĳɼȵùˡ
ûʽμӿԣĳɼǲùģĿƵһͷСϡֿܷİٶʮ֡
ǵһοһˣǰйԣ֪濼ĵһɼһֱܺá֮ǰڸоͳɼ㣬֮һֱڶѧϰɼֹû»ԽԽˡ
ƵһСͬ־İٶʮ֮ǰһģѧпγ̻֮󣬳˲μӽްѧϰ֮⣬ȥϽʰأ˽õСһһĻᡣɼ
ȻΪֻһԱ¹Ŀƻƣֳֻܷɼ
Գֵĳɼǵõ˵һ
ϸ˵ıˣҵһҵһ
ϵõֱ֪ӽˣهNɪ
ҴҴˣϽҪȻǸȥ
֪ˣ±ͣȥʳȥҿ֪ﻹƱأ͡
ϴ󷽵Ӧû⣡õȥũѧĻᣬɲںһǮƽʱʶûء
Ц߹֣㿼áϲ㡣
ķڷΪĿƱƸѵø߷֡ƶûϵĿƷֻ˵Լˡ
ϵģҿɱѧϰʱ䳤еʱҶʼϰˡЩαҶ൹ˡҲͱأʱ䣬϶ҿĺá
ŵûҲԺȻ̾ϧûˡ
ϣǵĵܵܣ湻ŵġ
ΪûܵõһռһնЩԡ
°źţְͲְôͲأ
ΪԣҶҲμһѣ⻰͵´ٿˡ
̵һٶֵģҲ˵
Ҷ̣۲ô˵ٷզˣٷҲԼġڳҹҹĿ鰡Ϊ˱ĿҶʱ䶼ûҰҹﲻ˯˼һеſڽ·飬𣿡
̺һŬӦõģôĳɼ˸ֱٲŬԲӡ
ҶԼЦһ˭أǲǣ
ŷһᣬ̫ûпٷֵĽ㡣
Ҷ
ЦҺ֪֮ûμӿԡҶյһۣ°İƾȵԴˣܵܿô㻹˼Ц
񣺡
пô
˿ȣŵ裬ˣһŬġ´Ҫǿԣҿ϶ĸáԤʮ֡
޵־
°ź۾Ͳ֣ûǸզ붼ġ
ûɶĵģ۵Լʵ裬Ҿֻ˵һŬţҿ϶Ŭõĳɼ
Ҳ֤ԣٸһԣרΪǼĿԣ
̵ˣŤŤĸɶأ񶼿ˣ㻹զߺţռҵ档
û˵ҪߺţҾú顣°
վ̬裬㱣֤ԺӱŬ飬һѧ㣬㳤
ԼôϢ־°ǵźҲûˡȻҲߺŵģǶô־صģҲߡ
վţɶҪء
˵ˣҲ֪߲ˡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


162 
֮, ǶЩԡ
ĿǰźԼû࿼, Ƕʧ˻ᡣĲľ͸˵, ͻȻԼһҲû, ʵڲ̫ˡ
඼̬ˣҪԼó, ȻŬԼóķߡ
ҪСͳ߳ȥߵĸԶ
һô˵֪̬Ҳûá
㲻óҲ𳹵׷Ҫץץ֮صץͺˡ֪ʶԶӶࡣ
ľ޷ݵ, Ļ, ǵͷʵ˶ôģαˡ
üͷһ, ⿼Իбסץʱ临ϰһʱ䣬Ҳйˡ
аɣϢ, ȰϽ, ٸһӺݵġǻйй
Ϊ˻ЩϽ, ˸ᡣ
ѧУĲٳ棬Ҫö˺ͺǹһǵʦǡ
Ϊĺãɹһϵˮ, Ū˼ͰˮӻҲ׼ˡ
ʦǸǱ˵лʦĽĿ
Ȼֻ˶˺ͺǣǴԶԱǽ䲻ϰߣһгкȻнĿһǲøɻϣĳ˷ֱӰŵӾȥˣѧУٳΧˡ
Ŀʼǰʹѧǽ ˣҵѧǸлǵʦǣλʦռ֮󣬸Ǵ˷ḻ֪ʶÿ˶õ˳ɳǸǵ֪ʶ޼۵ģһҲᶪʧĲƸʦΪοܹԲɹһֱظλֱй־ֵ𾴺ѧϰԽ죬һҪʦ˵һллллǵĽ̵ллǵķסлл
֪ʶӺѧǶվллʦ
½ҲվжۺỨ
ֵԱҲԵĺ۾ڵЩ֪ʶӲ𾴡˼ҸǻǶûɫ˳Ͼء
Щʦ֮󣬸Ǵ֪ʶɶ̴ֵء
ԼҲѧ֪ʶ
֪ôһ죬һ죬Ǿ͵ðӭʽġ
񽲻ҲóԼıݽĿʦǡ
Щɿ飬ЩԱǾͻؼˣѼҴŵļһЩزôװˣѧУ͡
֮ʦ߷һѶöû취á
½ǿЦá
ҲԲ갡Żô죬Ŷ԰ɡ
û£û͡ǴҵһƬ⣬ǾܾˣҲܡûȥ͸Ҳʰ
½ǶЦҲûһΣȥ˻ܴôز
ǻİʦǰѶȥᡣһѧΧʦǣûߡ
Ҷ֪Ժû׼һӶˡ
λҲѹ
ʮĻˡ
ΪһľľԲˡ
ֵûʱ⡣
Ҫúѧϰʲôʱ򣬶Ҫѧϰ֪ʶ֪ʶԶṼǵġ
Ҫ֪ʶʵУֻ顣
ȻԿˣҲйˣ֪ʶˣǵϣҪ
ʦ׻׻̻壬ѧۺĵͷ
Ƕ֪ȻԼοûһҪʦǽ̵ĺãεĳɼء
һֱѼλϽͻᣬŸԻؼҡ
վĲԶ̧ͷǳ
ԱߣҶ
Ҷöѹⲻһϻ޲ɢϯû˵ɣӦ
˭˵ѹˣ
㿴ɶ
ǾǿպƯ࿴

ͷûѹ
ûʵ뿪Ǻ°ܻؼˣصԼԭ࿪İҸɶҪѹ˵ʵڵģֻҪҹԽԽãҲֵÿġ
˻࿴˿˸ǷһȥϢˡ
ҲȥҶϽϡ
񣬡㣬Ҳ˹
񣺡
ˣ˲۾ðԽԽˡ
ԶӺ͵һ۾תͷ۾ˣҾ˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ѽӲ
ҲѹĲ۾һѹҲѹ
߰߰ɣˣʱûӡˡҶֵܸϽߡ
ڶ죬ЩϽǾ˶Ļ뿪ˣӻֱȥǶֱصԵļȥ
ԭ׼ϰߵģԱ֪ҪߣҲԷǡ
ЩûͶģˡ
϶һѵĶ
½˳ӣ֣ǣͬѧǣȥɡԺǻҵġ
ЦŴ󺰣ʱӭǻ
½ǻ֣ģټǣͬѧǡ
ټ
ټ
ѧҲֺ
ˮ·ҲߵĺƽȡܿͿԽԽԶˡ
½Ƿˣؿռͣ𵱳龰ٿԶԶĿȥһƬƬש߷ռǰĹµˮ·ԼҲеĽ裬ﶼЩ㡣
ôû׷ѹ
Ͻǲ뿪ǻûüпڹ㲥淢֪ͨˡĿǰѧУˣ˽ް֮⣬ʦŵģԺÿ춼ҪͶŶջ
ϢЩʦпˡ
Դӵʦ֮󣬿ɺþûũˡҲѧУް࣬ϰࡣ
Ӻˣ䲻Ǹɻ
ûɶ׼ôҲǸɹũģȥɻ
ռնӺͲ˵ļڣ⻹еС
Ȼûǳֲׯڵ˶óׯڳĿǺãȥöˡ
Էˡ
ոЩʵ¶ǻɻʱҲûţﱧôҲ۵ġرЩ֪ʶ˵ɻҪۡ
ȻԱǸɻҲҺະۣҧźɡ
һֱʮ죬ڰѻɵĲˡ
ŸǷżˡ
ѧУٳ˻۰ɣǵøũɡҵʦӹİˣҲǰԵĿࡣȻ·ݵĲѾˣҵúʹ˵һ׼˵ģҲ˵ġҪǴΪԾͿԲŬˣҵúʹ˵һԺͷҪԡϢ죬ಹϰϺΡ
˶ƿõġǴЩ
˽վˡ֤񡣡
ҸǴˣԺòãǾǿԼŬˡ
˵ֱ꣬ˡ
Ͼǽɢ
࿴˭ûߡ
İɢʲôûʲôϢģ۽ܿࡣ˶ڸɻǻؼϢûǸ
֪ǶǱ߹ģҲˣʾԼϿΡ
ص˾͸˵֪඼ôŬˣҪǲŬǲҲҲźһߡ
۵ڽѧϰҲϢˡ
ҲûЩˣĶˣҪ˻ܻܽҲǸˡ
ֻܸṩõѧϰܱ֤ÿԺܿϴѧ
ǣ˼ڶĽ棬ԼҲ˶أĶҪˡ
ռ㹻ĻԹЧʺܸߡ
Ƕˣչĺܿ졣
ȫȨεչÿ춼ֱ˯ڴȳˡɹɣæһڣǰѶĶݵĳˡ
ƽÿĶĲȥ˰ٷ֮ʮ
Ͳ΢˰ٷֶʮ塣
ӻû꣬һ֣ĶҲаٷ֮ʮһˡ
ǸĽ
ռ͵˸˻ˣرͳѾ㹻ЩˣҲ˵ЩָԱͬ־ϣǿֱӻǮġ
ռ͵ĸɲǶ˿
Ҫ֪֮ǰ˵һ뺵ϣһЩء
ںˣĶˣܻǮˡ
ũͬ־ĿڴɶҪԣˡ
ֹռ͵ˣ֮ǰ̼ͺϺӴӵĲҲˣ֮ǰҲ˻ʵģΪ֪ҪǮҶʮϸġ
ҲʮֻͲǮ
պ֮ǾͳأĶǰǶԼֵĶ˺ܶࡣرǻƶÿĶȥһʮɶǮ
лҪ˵ôôգ


163 
֮ճ, һԭΪµƷռ, ҲֵƷ, һǻʵĹˡ
Щϲɹ, ռ͵ͳջˣ̼ͺϺӴӵĸɲ, ڴȳˣŹָÿÿķЩϡ
Ǳ߷֣ռ͵Ļһգ϶ÿؼˣȫռͳ
ⶼǵԼõ顣
ЩûϵԱֱ֣ӰǮ, ĽˡǲֹǮ, ƱԺǶʸǮֱȥͳˡ
һڵĲˣ׷ȥʴӵĸɲǣ껹㲻ֲκһѡ
̼ͺϺӴӵĸɲǸп˵
Ƿ, ǻҲõĲٰ⻯ʿɶǴӲĳɱأһ, ǻû׬١
Ȼ֪Ľ, Ļۡ۵Ĳˡ
ֱӻظ, 겻ˣԼ֡
ڳصԱͲˣզأԼ, ǻʻûнôࣿûר˽ʩʣ
ǣզܲأǺ°
Լ㣬һ˼ռֲֵЩզ죿ǼǺˣǾͱաԼô궼ûء
ۻ֣
ԱǷ׷׵Ŀ顣
¹ܽû׬Ǯģɶָ׬Ǯء
Ӹɲƻÿͬͬ⡣˲·Ǻܴĳ޵ġ
ЩӸɲˡ
ﰵţһĶǮȥˣ
ǿЩռͻǮ߸˵ӣЩζˡ
˵ףЩɲûˡ
̼ͺϺӴӵԱ˷ܵǮԱȴܲˡ
ΪǵռǩЭ鲻һռ͵ûΪṩʣǵճɺռԼ̼Ǳûˡ
ǾԼܴǩЭûôӣֻռǵӣǺȨġ̼ͺϺӴӣضֱ˼֣Աǹ˼ҹܵġĺ͵ӰЩֳһ
ˣǻûõռκεİǷչ
˶Ա֮ԱǶˣôӲûã˼Ҳ̼ͺϺӴô
˼ң궼ˡ
Ŵۣﰵ˦ۣˡ
־ȥϺӴӺͲ̼ͣҾһ¶
ǳ˿ں̣ǻ׼ô֣˵۳Ӻͻ֮ǸǶûٰɡ
̼ͺϺӴӵĶӳͷ
һҾ֪ı飬զɶ㣿
߶ӳһۣ̾˿
ǵˣǶﶼҪռ֣ɲһӡҪǲ֣ǵù쵼
ϺӴҲҲ
һ㶣⻹׼һֱˣ
զа취Ա˵һڶֵĻأ˵ˣܲܰӵĵضռ֡

ΪԼһѣԵα˼ҳԵ׶࣬Կ
ȴЩﻢˡ
ܲǰŲЦ˼Ҳ̼ͺϺӴӱռֳˣԼҲϸűֳɣɶ
ҪҪȥռʣۻǺⷽʽܲޡ
ǵҪǿϴͷ۾͸ȥǲͷˡ
ϺӴǺͶӳͷ
ǿǱռͿˡ
ֱӱ֣ȥȥɶ
βռȥµģӳǶûȥȥġϾռ͵ҵĽȥ˸Եˡ
˻˵㶫ռͣһݵӡ
·ռ͵ԱǸϲЦտӣӶˡ
رռһƬƬש߷в޽е·Ͷðˮˡ
ǵ칫ҵʱڿϡպͺͳƹרŵ˸ȫҪΪݶӳģùܡڳҪˣڸչصϣŽӹ۳Լ³̡
ûæš
һ̧ͷˣҲվλզûкһ׼ûС
Цеæءһ·ˣæĽŲմصģռͿǺѽ
ЦҪæҲһһġ
ǵæðæճɺá
ͷǰۻɲԸæ㡣
׻˵ˣ׼ˣ̼ͺϺӴǲῪڵģ񻹱ռ͵Ĵء
ĥôڱȽϺʡ
æŸϰΣûʱгˣֱӴ򿪳룬óЭ飬ԼλҲ֪Ҹⶨģǿܽ۾ǩܽܣԺϺС¶Ҳˡ
˵ԼͷϰΡ
λЭϸ
Эһģʵ֮ǰЭҲЩֻ˹涨ˡ
֮ǰ൱ڲ̼ͺϺӴӰѵռ͵ģڲһˣռͲˣȻ⼸ҴԼġճ֮Ҳַ䣬ռͲ֡ΨһҪǣֵĶҪͳֳĶͳȫա
ǵǻʡ
̧ͷЦСԼ
ԼֵͷһעˣҲҪϸռͳ涨ʩʡɸй򡣹ͳṩ
ǿˣͽ鱾ϡλЭҾʵġ˭Ҳռ˭ıˡǸ٣ջ١ܹƽԲ֮ᷢǰ̼ͺϺӴӵ
ӵǶʱɫ˽ǽȷʵû׬ʲôȻˣռǰճɸ𣬻Ҫ۵ʡյĲֺûϵȫռˡ
ռɶûͰ׵ǧϡ
ôһ룬ҲЭȷʵȽϺˡ
ȻȷʵһʴϷյĲ֣ʵҲǱ껹׬ˡ
͸˵ˣ˻ʺûûʣϴˡ
Ҳ뱻ռֳôһۺܺʡ
ֵĶûգҲ򲻵ʡռȻҪǰռҪʩʣʵ൱ָôʩˡ
ɶǺô
˵̬ãܺãͬ⣬û
ϺӴӺҲű̬ͬˡ
ЦУǰӴţǩ
Ϊ̫æǩЭҲûôֻüӸɲǹЭ飬Ȼǩ֣ӡ
¶ˣ⼸ӵĸɲǾˡ
ռ͵ĸɲǵıӰ˸ۡ
͸ǼԿٶŪʣһ¡
Цȥ㣬ֻΪ˽ѵһ£ǱռˣҪ볤úҲһֱôǣ˫кôܹáͺܺáԺ˳ڵϺʳԭϹӦأҲҪôˣǰŹžС
˭ҲɵӣһֱЭȥǣҲֻǵĻԡ
Эûز̼ͺϺӴ֮ЩԱǻЩþĶɲСģʱǴա
ɰѲˡֱټῴ֪Ƕڱ˵۴ӻ
Ա͵͵˦ۡ
ǺҸǣЭǹ涨ģϸռ͹涨ʩʵġҪǲţʱͼලǣҪ٣Ǿȥռ͸棡
Աǲŷˣܼලͺáʱ۾ҪǸĲãȥռ˵ȥ
ҵĹƣʾ֧¶
ǣ
ɢ֮󣬸ɲﶼþˣ޲øˡ
ǰڰ֣Ҳǰûúøɣʧˡˣڿʼǽռ͵ĲߣԱһѡǿˣ᲻źײǣǾǿԷģ۾͵áѧѧռ͡
¶˴ռͣռ͵ĸɲָ˵¶Цˡ
Щɲ˵ԼԱͽˣ۾ǣʱ׼ץСӺǱء
Цһ£ȺڼලǺ£ԺӦûŬġ
Ⱥڵΰġ
ɲ˵ЦͨѶԱгһ칫ˣſھðᶫ
Ŷ˳ŰڳĴɶĸ֪Ҽôණˡ
ͨѶԱĨ˰ѺˮЦǵġ׶ĹأˡҺ·޺ˣҲûҪҿɵˡ
θϽһŰ칫ҡ
Ǹҵģ׶ģ
ǰڵϣ顣
⻰վˣȫһЩϰϡƶСͬ鶼кüȻǸһõġ
βզô鰡
۾Ǳ
֮⣬Ҳûżֻһֽúøϰ
⼸֣Ķûˡ
׶Ѿõ˵һֵϢ֪Ҫ߿¶ΪûйҲܵ˵ַֻʽʾǡ
лҪ˵һº治ʮһʮΪõ͵ӣϷϡ
ôôգ˵


164 
鱾ᵽѧУͼ, ְټ˸顣
ͬ־, һϢ, ȥ׶ڸǼ鱾, Ǻúøϰ֪ζɶ
Ϣ, ǿʼɧˡ
Щһ֪࣬УѾ˾ϲɫ
ȻϢûȷѾԲ²⵽ˣָܻ߿ˡͬ־ǣָ֪߿ζɶ𣿡, ζ˿ԲμӸ߿Ļ, ҲδԵѧ
һӴϲš
ѧҵ˾֣ǣѧҵ, ָ߿ǲҲпûᰡ
Ҳ֪ûл, Ͼ߿¶ûȫϢ, Ҿ, ׼˻һ߻ᣬ׼Ǿûġҽ, ʲôʱָ߿ǶʼȷҪ߿ϰʱ׼ţܲԿġ
Ȼ߿Ϣûȷǰ˵ģѾһϣ
˵ûʲôΪǰҲûѧûϣҲֻǹͨǶ֪˵ͲһˡϴѧǾʹԻسǰ
ȻũڹҲɻسǶٺãҲǵļҰ
ϢҲеΨһϣ˷ܵɫ졣
ðЩ鼮ţûÿֻܽһ飬Ϊ˲ռԴÿֻܽͱ뻹иϰͼҲϺ˹ţǸϰС顣
֮󣬴ɢˡ֪ǶΧ˵
ѧУ̵ǣҪָ߿˰
˵ҲԼ²ġŵľ׼
ͦŶӣʲôʣϽȥϰȥ
Ҳһۣ˵ĺָܿһ
ըëˣܱǿ
ЦЦϴοûңҲ˵ֻˡ
˵ģ̬Խˡ
˽̵֮ƢͱѹˣϾҪ򣬵ˣһţҾԱ㿼úá
Ȼתˡ
ЦǻأԺҪǻָ߿ˣһˣһӶˡ
εܳͶೳǰҿɳ˲ٿ
Цˡ
οЦǣлл㡣
һ㶣ˡ
ǸллģҪǵʦҲûôĻˡ
ȴ֪лĲǸл¶
ΪûбƭڻٵʱԴݵΪԼδŬ
ռ˵ָܻ߿һҲٴСֱİˣԺÿ˿С
ĩϳԼ档ðӲá
ΪɶǲǳԵĺúȵĺãӺ
ܺʹһԡôġ
ɳԲʳָүү̻мһԡ
̻ͦˣֲμӿԣôøɶ
ЦҺ嶼ãҪôƽʱԾˡô⣬ﲻġΪԼ鿼ԣûҪôʡŸǳԡ
һŮӶԺõģһӾ͸ˡ
̵󣬶үүһԡ
үү
ž⻯ˡһԸˮ󼦵ˡ˼ǹӦ˵ġ

Ȼ߿ȷϢûռ͵Ƕ˽űʱ
Լ˸ϰС飬ÿﶼƫƵģϰ
ĥŵȹȫʽ˸߿Ϣֻ֮»æ
ԵλӰĹҪãɲܵȵʱΪ߿λܵӰ졣
ֱӷ֪ͨѧУǵλҪٸϰģǰ룬λüʱ˶ϡ
֪ͨȥˣûһٵġʾԼԲӰ칤һṤѧϰץ
ҲûǣǰЩѧλλʵϰǰӦλܡҪʱֱܹӶϡ
ɸЩڸڵĹѹһ±ȥˣԽĲҵ
ΨһûɶѹľˣϾǱŵ˽Ҫȥũѧġ
ɲɣŻͰŪ칫ѧ
Ҫǲ̺ãͶԲͬ־ռ͵Ĺˡ
զҲҪСͽѧȥ
Ϸ飬㣬ѧҲôҰɡڰ칫Ǿýţû۾񡣡
Ʋһۣ㲻ѧȥѧ
۾һɣҲŲȥأ㣬ǧˡ죬Ƕر
֪ͺãϧúѧ
ֲֹòμӸ߿
˿ȣϽ졣
飬ͻȻæˣǣˡУεˡ
һŵվ
ɴŶأɲܳˡҲûʣ͸Ͻߡ
ռ״Ͻϡ
ڶ豸ȫȻȥͻˣһֱأ˵εˣȥˡ
񵽵ʱѾ̧ϳˡ˸ţᶼðˡ
ϳ£͸͸ˡ
ȻϽ
ÿ·˴·һҲҪȻ⻹Σա
·ϣզ¡ŵ˵˵
绹úõģ簲ѧǴɨҵʱͻȻεˡ
ÿһֱ߹˸סˣҪȻó¶
ſǧ¡
Ӻܿ쵽ţʱȥسǵ׼
ϴһţ۵ġ
򣬻᲻¶
ϴû¶۵ġ˵ӾǲҪǰǻǶ¶
е˲ôҲóҩϴùŷ룬û˾ˡ
Լûզ£ôˣ
ˡ

۾ô࣬ʲôʲôаǵԼ
Цû£⼸Ͽ鿴ˣû񡣡
ͬ־úϢѧУĹˡҲ˵Ҫ
ᣬϽǣģҲΪ˹Ӹϰѹˡ͹ûϵʦ֪ҵƽʱҷֵˡԼϰ¶
ԺˣϱѧˡܿԣҪҪǻָˣҲȥ㣬۵Ⱥˣһ𡣡
˵ɵԺעġøϰǸϰ˭ҪˣƲŮˣ
첻˼Ҫ󵽵ס
񲻴Թˣ֪ǳȥúϢϢٹ۲һ¡Ҳˣʱó
뿪Ҷ˿
Ͼһ֪࣬Ҫɶ¶Ҫˡ
յ㿴ûҶΪԼŬ㿴ǡ
ճĬû˵ͷ
Ҳ׼һյģ˵ĸصͲˡ
ں͹һ衣
չˣ֪֪
յûˡ
лҪ˵ʮ


165 
̧ͷ˲, , ֪ʲô˳Ժ, ʲô
˵˭㣡
Ĳ, ܲãޱ׼ءĻ
˵㡣һ㶼
, 촽ڷ
Ǽ״ϽˮͰȥ濴Сˡ
ˣղָҳƾʲô˵ңҺô, Һôˣ
Ȧ, һζǲűˣ㿿֡
ձĺһָ, 㲻Ҳ𣿰Һôأ
ʱһ, ǲԱ, ǵġҪǻ, ôܻȥ
⻰ֱӴĿˡ
Ϊ¶ѹء
˼ͬ־Ϊ˻س, ŶӻڸϰΣΪҲܲڵĸ߿׼۵ˡŬԼһʲôûˣΪãܻسǡ
ļ尾ء
ľ֪Ŀϴӣܡ
һͻίᣬնʱ۵һ
һ㣬ʲôû㡣˵ƽʱҲͦ˵ҵģô
տ޵ĸˣúڵİôѹˣ㻹˵ֻ
һ˭֪ôͻȻѹˣƽʱ˭ˡ
ּӴɴһƨˣĨᡣ
̻İŵˡ
ûŮͬ־޵ӡ
ǰڰϣЩŮͬѧϲ˵ϸģίˣҲᡣ

ĺ˶Ļһ
Щⲻȥ߹ȥľˣɡ
ҲҾôޡտ޿
ﷳôݺݵķй

һ˲һ֮ǿǸֺܷԼĵ̣
ɴһѣˣҪޱޣʲôÿ޵ģӹˡõ룬㲻Ҫȥ𣬱˶ϰأ㲻øϰð
ⱾҲͶã֪Ǹѧϰġ
⻰޵Ļˣȶˡ

ɴҲڵϣޱ鿴
˾ôڵţ֪˶ãղſʼͣˡΪ޵̫ˣڲͣĳͣ
ңҸ㣬Ҳȥˡղ˰ᣬ׵۾ҲȥˣҪԺ˵ҳˡ
һ˲ΪԼˣ㡭
šʵҸ㣬ҲǳˡأԿԼˣˡΪ˻ȥˡ
鶸ȻӵĿſ޺۾գôˣҪ񣬹Լˡ
һ֪ԼǸΪԼȻô˶ûƭɹ٣Լûôķ
գһ߿ûָأҲ˵ˣֻǲ²⡣߿֪ʲôʱءøˣȥˣزȥ
ղһᣬҾͶҲû¶ɡ
ֵǽ˻ģһδԸȥ
˵еյͷһ˫׵۾ƺĸ취ܰӸͻسȥ
ɵȥˡҲû ׼ȥȥ
ȵȡΪ̫ˣһ£˿ȣѧ˵㿴ҲͦãҪ㰡㲻߿㿿ԼܹõӡɼôãҪǿԣ϶ܿϵġԼԿϴѧеҺ㱣֤лᣬһø㣬
˵ˣΪҲ֪ôģҺһ𷸴ûţ˵žֱˡ
գ
һ˲ŷӦ˭ˣǾз׾˻Ը⣡
꣬ҲˣֱӲܵġ
ӲķȥģʱԴ淸ɵɡ
ջ淸ɵˣ˴Ӳֱȥˡ
ŵ칫أͿҲˡ
ͷ
ҲЩˣⲻòõ⣬ԭ⡣ÿ˶ԼŬɡøˣҲܡ
ϵҾҳɼԼԿϣûҪ˷
οҺܾ־񣬵Ҳġ˵óΪʱ硣ڴҶĸøϰҲһܹԼ;ԼǸ˵ʵĻָ߿ˣûп𣿡
ϣ
ûи߿ˣ˹ũ¶Ҫָˣ治һС
ˣȥɣ̫ࡣôҲѹġ
֪ˣллָ㡣ϵͷͳˡ
վſڣ֪˵ɶˡ
찡ô׶һ
ãиơǽ!
߽ͦˡ
۾ˣϻۣôˣ
û¡ղ˰㣬ҾˣҪҵĻسøͬ־
㱻ԼˮǺ
Ƿ𣬶ˡ
ͨˣãԼϰԼϣޣ̫ิϰ͸Ҫ˰ɡ
Ϊ޵ģ
ͷûԼٿ޳һشľıԼһȻ֮ǰǺںΪ̫ˣҪʧȥˣܡ
οĿյļ򣬡ô˵㿪ġĳˣ˼Ҳõˣͬ־ãͬˡ
գ

ͬ¶˵ҪȻѹˣֱ֪ͨˡ
ռѵĵͷ
óȥˣɹˣҲûͣô˵ˣ
š
ͷ𣿡
ûˣҡͷǣһȥˣȥϰ
ȥɣúøϰȡԼȥ

ĬĬתˡ߳칫ңŻûسǻˡոѾóȥˣѾͬˡԺҲܱȱ˸ɵĻسˡ
ͻȻˡ
˷֣ͷϽߣŻȥ͵͵ޣϴ
뿪Ӳ·ϣͱסˡ
ϻŵζ
һʲôأû鲻𣿡
㲻ϲô鲻ˣˣ
˭ˣǣ廳һȥĻᡣ
ۣ㲻˵˰ɣô˵
Ȼͬ ˡհͦأӴԺҾͿԼˡһܿϵġ
ȥˣʱһ֪ʲôˡ
ɵˣתˡ
񾭾ġռͻȻߵͻȻʱ˸ۣȻԼܡ
ôһ㣬޲ˡ
ŷءҴҵܣ˰칫Ҳ÷
ôܱ
Ենˡ
գ
볰ЦԼˡ
ɼԼӻãڼҿ֣񡣾ΪãӴҲòġ
ִѧסũ
Ҫǻָ߿Ժϴѧˣûϣһũ壬޵ľԱȽ컹Ҫ¡ʱ󲻺ڣ
磬˹ʰ׼ؼ︴ϰˡճ칫ңˡ
ɫҲͦõģ˭ǷǮһġ
ˣ
ҡͷƺЩԥ
ʲô˵ʲôˣ
Ļָ߿𣿡ʵ
̾˵ˣϢûȷ˭Ҳ֪ú׼ˡҲǣҪʱ׼ţܿԼѧǿ϶ԼҪһЩ
ɫأ˿¶һǣǲ˵ѻسøͬ־
ô֪Ҳ˵ˣ
Ǻ˵ˣһ£ǰҵͬ־ɣͬ־ũ彨ôũ˷Դһ죬ϴҺȡ
죬춼֪˵ʲôˡ
Ƿգ
û̬ʵǣ˵ĶԲԣܸʲô¿³óʲôã
񣺡ףҲûҪô˵˺»ˡ
Ҳ£ҾǿҲãȥǵ¡

֪е׷ʲô¶ˡײ˵ˮݵ˻ҪףԷ˸һʶοͬ־ô㿪ġĳɳˣ˼Ҳõˡãͬˡ
ͬˣ
̯֣ԣͬˣҪͬˡԼȥ˵ȥ˵ҽڱ˵Ȱĵĸϰɣѵþ
ͷҲȥ˵¶
̫ˡ
ˣ̧ͷ˿Ѿɵ죬뵽һ⡣
λôȻ޴Ҫ֪ѹûɶ¶֪ô
뵽˸£ԺǧˡôһҪ˿ϴѧӶҲѧǱߵû¶ҪĿϴѧˣҲܸһس
ô꣬Ҳãⲻ⡣
лҪ˵ôôգ


166 
Ϊû˻سǵ, յǲųûָ, ԼŸϰ鱾칫ұ, ʾҪԼŬѧϰ
ÿ찲˱иϰÿ춼ʱ顣ȶȡ
Ҳҹܵ, 룬Ҫָ߿, øˣԼȴûϣûܻȥ϶ҲⲻȥġʱһľͰ׷ˡ
յͷ
ôˣܲܰ׷ˡ
㣬ģһܿϴѧġ
Ͷ, Һܿ㡣ƾڵľĺ, Ҷʮֵġ
ո˼ˡ
ʵˣզϵõûС
һ, ˣֻ˵ңɵҺûɶùϵ, ܾͲˡ
񣺡ð, ҪŬ, ɱˡ
ֱͦˣҲŲأƼ, ҿԼ
鸴ӵļ򣬡ŬŬ
գָ˰ˣǱɩɰŹΪһϹˣҲԪϼˣͿϸɣѧĶҲࡣ
Խȫû⡣
ܳʱѧϰˡҲŵշλһֱϴѧسǡ
֯Ҳܿ㡣ִηľֵǿ϶ͬ־Һܿ㡣ƾڵľĺҶʮֵġ
֣صͷ
ļ򣬡Ҳ뿼ϡҪȻʱСˣ㻹ˣСôΪأΪɶԸԼĻߣ
ʱɫѿΪ
ͣһ֣ҽûãؼСԼô롣һͬ־Լز˳ҲҪȥҶжˡ

úÿɣ֮㻹ܺС˵ƲƾԼسǡǰӲһΡǲǣ
Ҫ֣⻰еֵ쾡¡Ϊڶǰ֤Լѧǿɱ֮ǰҪˣɸʡĲ١
Ҳȥ̫࣬ܿϾͿϣҲŪسġ
ɲСƭ˵ģʵʵ
⡣
Ҹ߿ָ֮Ҳû֮ǰôǿˡ
жǣûʲôĹףҲûĳɼܷڰ
ôܷˣ֪ˣô֪ӦɻҲڿҿҴ͵ѧУĹҲһġɶǹסû˻᲻ġ㵹ҪලǼúѧҿɲ
ڱɵЦùңġҪܸ߿Ҳ˵һܿϺѧУȡβҲСʵڿϣٽſȻسǾͺá
һѣһ˵˵ġҪǲŬҾͲȥ
ãһŬǷҲϡ
񱻹һڹҽ뿪ˡ
ͷЦЦϣ߿ϢϽ
һȾ͵ȵʮ·ݣһ첻ֻ֪ǵ·ݷ֪ͨ
ȻЩ׶Ӹεģǻõȡ
¹֪࣬Աڵ֪ʲôʱŻᴫϢ
Ͼ֮ǰһֻĲ²⡣
ΪҶΣԶΪֻ֮һܵĸ߿׼š
ɻ顣
ҲͬѧУ̶ļϿơЩиĵطѧϰ
ﶼ֪ռî𾢶ѧϰˡ
Ǵ绰ʱ¶
Ц˶ѧϰܲϾڳӷչҲҪˡ
Ҳȷʵǵġ쳧û˿ɲСЦǺǵǹҲҪ쳧ˣװ
һ˵ˣ
Ҳúܣ㶼˾ʮŲˣһҪǲ߳ɣҲԲ㡣ⲻָһǡ
¶һֱûţΪûأû뵽䲻ľͰ 
˵ӦˣгԼȥ˹硣
ҪǿɷǶˣϾשֳ߳ɵģԴҲࡣҪˣҪʡ
ֱӾͽ³
ʮ̨һⶼĸ֮ķװڽкװֳˡֳϣ۾ɴġ
Щһ׵ĺ칫˵ǿɶѵõı
ֱӵװ˿һζǸˡ
ǻָˣЦ֣Сˣô
ɱռ͵ĳӿŻ
ЦŰ֣Ȳ˱ȲˣǴպáȻô˵ϻЦ˻ְܹ쳧һչ·ҲǺгɾ͸еġ
ĽװڿɰĺˣûȥǳӶ»ˣһѵ¿ӰΪ󣬶ҪǲģֻҪͣˡǸװ֮ǰͦ⣬ڿɇNɪˡ˵ˣֹװЩȲĳӣҪҸɽ
ЦǺ칫ĻᰡԺҪǶĻᣬ۾Ͳͣȥ©ȫôҲܶ࣬ǾȺƷҲǺܴг
üëˣ˵öԣ׼ʱҲѧǸҵܰЩλٹͰٹҲǶ㣬ǶǻǺչ˵ġ֧֡
Ҳǹ쵼Ը㷢չҲǫ
һ֣Ĳ˵ԺЩλʳͣԵǳ򡣹ͬչ
Цлл쵼֧ˡ
ǵҲ֧֣ⲻҲҪָָءǾ١
¶˵¶
Ͼоˡ־˺ü顣йһҪ汾£Ͼϰ˵·Լģ˭Ҫڶ̻⣬ĿǸسǹ͹繩硣רƽ۵ģͨϰյ⡣Ȱѳά˵һ·뵽칫װ۲׷ۣߵļ۸ûʹӱȣ۾׷ˣơ˭ҲȲˡ
ЦŵҪռ᲻÷ˣҿ칫硣һ糤ٲ˵ġ
Ͻ֣һᣬҪ۾顣
ǵҲãȶ˾飬ٵܷڡ
ġ
ﻹֲ˼ġϾԼ׼μӸ߿ġԺҲ֪ûлٴιҲǼ֮ˡ
ڳſ˵μҴҵгˡ
ô̵·ѹͲҪﳵⲻֹﳵˣͦŵӣɰѺŵˣΪɶ¶ˡ
δļ£д°
ǽӹ˿ʲô¡߿ָ߿
һҲ˹
ͷļ棬һоǣ1977ߵѧУ
˰ļˡ
˺ü飬ȷһָ߿ˡ
Ҿڽ꣬ʮһ·ݡ
ֶˡ
֪ʲô
Ȼ֪ôһ죬ļʱҲѣ̲סӯ
ǣǺϢĺϢ
ǼǰҪıˡ
θ˵ӴԺũҲѡ񴩲ЬǴƤЬĻˡ
ãĺϢϽģϽ֪ͨȥڶʮµˣʮ·ݾҪ߿ˣҸϰ
θϽļȥҲͺһȥ
ǣڸϰǸⰡǶһֱڼѧϰ֮ǰЩڵʱҲһϰϣôǶﳭϡǶﻹѧУңҲԿѧϰҽǸ¹֮󣬿ȥǱѧϰ
һⰲţˣãôšСհɶˣҪȻЩԼϰ֪ܿϼء
Ϊһɲڹ˽ǶϣԼϽ࿼һЩӵġ
ҲˣҲϣһиѡĻᡣ
Ÿ߿Ϣһȥģнռ͸ӵ˿ȥռͳѧϰϢ
ռ͵ϢԼȥġ
ˮ·ķɿ죬һθлԼƤҪһ·ܸĻص
Žӣʹָ߿ˣָ߿ˣ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


167 
һ·Ĺ㲥, ·˾ͺָ߿ˡ
ǵһμʧ̬, Ϊɶ¶
Ȼ, ҲȷʵǴ¶ˡ
˹㲥, ˮûüȣͼĴ˹㲥豸, ͨ㲥豸֪ͨ
ռԱͬ־֪ͬ־ǣһشϢڽ죬ȫ˻ָ߿Ϣ߿ʱڽ꣬1977ꡣǻʡ߿ʱ䶨12123졣Ը, ͳһ, ¼ȡǣũɽͻ֪ʶꡢԱˡɲӦбҵѻδ飬Ա
ռ͵ĴｫϢռʹӵÿһ䡣ڵɻ˶
һӣ¹ǲ֪ʶӣǲҪμӿԵ, żˡ
Ͼ֮ǰͲ³˵Ҫ߿ö˶׼
ԱǶڴϢء
ôûŶΪͷһβ´, ָ߿ˡ
֪ʶǶ˵ڵ͵λ, 
Щ˶ӵԼߵͬ־, ӯ
߿ɱȻسǻҪǸˡ
سõǰһλȻһӾ͵ˡΪ, ûһѧء
һسƵģ߿ǴҶл롣ƾ£úԼͬ־ҿһŬһϴѧ
ð
ǵ쵼Ƕ߲ûأ˸ɶ׼Ժ󲻳ԷˣϽɻ˹Ƕӣ
ЦļԼϰ١
⻹ʮҪˣҿǶ︴ϰ簡
ǰҪ֮ǰûϰϢҶұˮƽ
Ҹ룬Ҫû֮ǰһѧϰжྪšﻹֻ˵ϸ˰
ΪԾϰĻ㲻Ÿôˡ
ǰСʱĸʱ䣬ڵλ֪ͨ׼μӸ߿Ա¹ȥѧУϡ
ͷһη֣˹ѧϰĸоð
ҪǶﲻѧϰҲֻûܵĺһֻ֪ҵĸϰأͳһŵĻᡣ
¹󣬼˶ѧУȥˣѧУٳվ
ڵϾӸ£߿֪ͨ˰ɡ
˼ĺˣ
Ȼ̲סһЦ
Ц۾ˡ
ססƽ̬
ŰˡĿԡ
Цڸ߿ʽ֪ͨˣɲԹ֮ǰѧϰ˰ɡ
Թ˭Թˣ˭Թ۳˭
˺š
óˣúøϰɣóɼûسǵĻسǣȥѧѧ
Цˡֻ˵ĺá
ˣΪ˴ұҪšλҪùӣԼͷĹʼתЩμӸ߿ͬ־ҲţֻΪ˸߿һ׼ǵĸλǱģ˾ֱˣûϻΪס
˿
ĶզҲܣ۶ǾĸȡѧϰʱˣǿҪϧʱ䣬úѧϰ߿飬࿼һһ֡ҲһֵĲܸ࣬ıǵˡҿǶѹģҪǸóɼҵðˡ
δûЦмڲ۾
Ҳǳˣָ֪߿˵Ǵ¶Ƕ˵¶ͶҲûϵ
Զɲ˵㷢չǴ¶
ȡʱѧϰһһΪ롣Ǹıˡ
ɿ ǵãｻӹҪáܡ
Ҷͷúý̵ģ֤̻ᡣ
˵˸ҪռͽϣռѧУѧϰ顣Ҳһ¡ܰһѾͰһѡ
ǹϵ־Ĵ顣ҲҴš칫Ҳôˣıȫ߿¼ȡġ
Ҫʹ˵¡ռ͵ͬ־ǶôˣֻҪļʮ첻ɣ۾ûɶµˡص㣬š
ţ
֪ʶǸ˵ĺ
ǿɱȺö˶Ҫˣ˶ҸϰϵʱǶѾʼϰþˡ
ⶼϰڼˡ
Щ̸֮ټ˶ĸɲǿᡣرǸСӳ
߿ʱˣսβˡ
⸴ϰʱأöҪɡռͻãΪлյĶˣǵﻹ
Сӳǰһ£쿪ʼһֱ߿ЩҪμӿԵ˷ɵĹܹжʱѧϰ
ϾһӵĴ¶ǿ۲ܣԼøǶʱ䡣ҪƽʱҲͰˣϾǵһλָ߿굢ʱ̫ˡ۶ܶһЩѧǶ˵ҲǺ¡
εǣ㻹˵أԼæûʱѧϰ
Цģһѧǿöġ
ɲζӳ¡
ָҪμӸ߿ҿӻͦġҪˣֺ᲻á
һӣͬ־Ժ﹤㽻ңöġҺôǸӳǳĹǵĹҶиֵĻᣬҪȻʶˡ
ҲǣɣһӳҲܳԸɷ
Ҳ˵˵ɶʱԸɷˣҲæòá
Ц֣УҿɱˣҽӹԺӸˡдľҿɲġ
ϻصѾ˵Ĳˡ
α¹զ˵ʳԡ
˵ģͳôЩ죬Ҳԡ
ôѧۼ
ĶӹŮ첻ԺóԵˣú嶼Ŭѧ̫˵ˣԺ󿼴ѧ̫ҲҪ۳ԺóԵġ
̵ͷĵԺӿѧԼ֪ڲء˵˵
ҲŤˣż⼦ǻ뿼ˡҪȻԲ⼦
̺ˬԣȼɱĸԡ
죬̣ҲμӸ߿ˡҲԱġ
̿ɲƭֱһԶҲμӵˣμӸ߿ƭ˭أ
񣺡
߳ż߰񣬡ȥ￴Ҷ㣬μӸ߿Ҫǲμӣͻȥ죬ҵʱⰲȥ
ĵˣӲܲμӸ߿ġ
ٷֿٷֵˣ˼μ
ڶҶͻˣˡ
绹ҲβμӸ߿⻹õĻᰡԶ˻ܲμӸ߿𣿡
ɶԶ룿
Ҹѧ󡣡Ҷֱӵ
Ҳ¼Ц
°ֱ
㲻ҪڵλҶզôʱû
ҶˣȥλһɣЩҲõĹʲҸߣĵģ˵Ҳǳʽ˵ҼũģӴιҿЦˡ
Ҳզ˵ԼûҲޣ
ҶҲ˵˸ҽܸһľˣⲻҪ߿Ѱ˼һ
̣
¹Ҷզģ߿ҪμӵģͰͳϸλԭλϸɵͬ־ȥˡ
Ͼλ׼μӸ߿һȥľʰˡ
Ϊ湤ŵĺã°λ͵﹤æռ͵ĹҲûܵӰ졣
óͳø͸ɶ¶û
ΪҪϰ¶Ҹɻˡ
Ÿ߿Ϣ½½Ĳϵռ͵ѧУѧϰˡ
ϵĳϣ⡣
ҲЩӵ˺֪ǲ֪ԭռ͵֪ʶǶһֱѧϰڻָ߿֮ǰǾѾѧ˺ܾˡΪйҪߣⶼ֪˶ٴˡ
֪֮󣬴ĽĲˡ
ռЩ֪ʶҲͦģǽ⡣ṩԼܽõıʼǡ
ȻǰѧģܽʼҲǻôʱ䣬˵ܽ˾ˡ
Ǹʡ¶ˡ
Ҫ˻ͦģɴǴ绰øӰҪμӿԵͳһ£ȻԸԸҪϰϵġǿȥӡЩܽӡһݡȻ޳ġǮҪģҲһܽ
˵ʵڵģǶûһ㣬Ϲ棬ѧϰԼ¶˭ҲܲġܸԻͲˡ
һᣬҲ֧֡ͺ˵ģᣬû׼Ͷ࿼һ֡ȫĴӶͳƹ
ɸöҲѧϰϵͬ־˴æˡ
ҲͳƹȥţϴǶɷù£ǰæӡ
ӡƽʱֻλӡһЩ֮ġ
⻹ͷһθѧӡϡ
æӡ˵ʹӦˡ
ʱ䣬һܽĸϰϾ͵˸ӵ֪ʶˡ
Щ֪Ǽڴеģ˺ϼĹˡôѧϰرռ͵֪ʶǻǽѣɴҲҴˣԼϺʹҷ
һʱ칫綼Ϊ߿׼š
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


168 
ȫ֪ʶӷս߿ʱ, ռյ˼μĹ, ǴӺüмĹ, ֮ǰռ͵ϽѼ, ĹġдһЩĻǡ
ЩϣȻյӺǼĹİ
ֱվǿĹѧϰϡϻͦḻ, ˹ġ
ȻҲǰжȿ˵
ҴӼĸظˣͿóλѾͨûеĵزˡ
վǿȡԼȥ˵ڼѴ󣬾س, Ҳˡλѵ, ٻѾμӹɼˣܿԡҲũѧҵ˹ˡھôһμӸ߿ˡóɼس, Ժһžۡ
żȽϼ̣ܽسǿԼŬ, Ϊ⡣
дľͱȽϷḻˡ
Ⱦ߿, ˵ɩڼﶼ, վҲѾף׾ͽ顣վ֮󣬼ʣ, ӹʮֲ졣ʱСŮڼĳÿÿʱ棬ʪģܻصߡ
߿֮ĸ񣬸߿ָ֮󣬺ǺܶѧҲʼˣҪˡǴõĻᡣŬϰǵѧУܻصһžۡ
̾˿ĵȻˡ
ȻЩϺ󣬵λҲԼҹŮԭĳɼ
ԭѧУɼһֱôġ˵ִоҵѧУˣ㿼һĴѧû
һôˣҲ֪ռ͵ôô̶̲ʮʱϮġ
ֻŮȥʰ̯Ӱɡ
ûǵأҲǲȥѧġ
ĳɼãȥ׶
ϾǱģԵһʱϢ㽨а
ԺϴѧˣҲᶪռͲܵġ
ѧϰ͹鶼Ҫ
ȻΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҲûԼ뷨дŸǡҪȻһһֱռ˾Ͳˡ
ֱֻֻһʮ̵ּżյ
ߣҲǵ˺þõĻţǵȵˡ
ŮȻֻôһ仰ʱЩˡ
ʲô˼
ҴŮǲΪСŮԾɼ¿ϣԾûظĻ
վҲԭǳɼ治С
Ͳˡ
СǻҪ׼ҪǿͰѹҪȥɼá
վңҺЩûˡ
Ըϰܶ˶ڸϰġɼãɣϻ󡣵ʱȥѧˣۼⲻǾйλ𣿡
վҡͷ֮ǰμӸ߿ڶҵżˣ˼͵ˡ
ò˸żҡҪȥѧ˵ܿϣ㿼ˣҲһܷõĹʱΪ飬ܻؼңͰǿ࣬ǿɾͲˡ
ŮˣҪиż֧֡
ٻϱ֪ˣҿ˻żҡ
ܾˣͲˡһֱΪŮ룬ʲôŵĺúõģһͷûԡȻҪ󶼲Ӧôһ㶼Ϊȫ˺áôͲܲμӸ߿أ㵱ѧϰһֱ𣿡
վ۾衭㻹ŮǲֻһŮˣ
Ҳסˣңⲻ붼𣿡
ΪʲôһŬǲ˵𣬵ҽ֮ù
˵ˡ
ӻЩҡ
ǿˣôСֳƫˡ
ȣվǿûôдˡ
Ҳźٻ˼ǲˣÿ
ٻֱӵҿǲ㡣øдôˡ
վǿɫͱˣôʱˣ㻹֣ڼʲô㲻֪𣬼ҺˣﶼԲ㻹
ٻ˵ʵͲǵ㿴Ժ㡣
վǿӣʲôģ㻹׼ңԺҲ飡
˵ˡ
Ҳǣȥ˹ũѧ飬˳ʲôڻѧϰ׶Ρ
úӣһû
ûһסġ
ٻҲꡣ͸оԽԽû˼ˡ
׵Ļ軹ϱⶼʲôӰ
˵ʵڵģڵԸϽˡ
˽һ£Ҳˡ
ںǵ¶ǲ֪ġ
ռ͵¶æء
߿ϰ˳˳ģɸ߿ȴˡ
˱ˡ
˲ֹĸαҪˣߵֵܶӰ졣
ռ֪඼
ռͣҲ󣬺üֱѧУˡ
ֱӾܹҺˡ
ǵ¶涨ġ
ĸ棬оļˣȡġǵطϵ⡣һָ߿˰Լզ˻ڵءǣҲ
Ҳͷۡ
ЩɲҲ֪ҪôǶǰһһĴݵҪġǸ˽Ϊɲá
ͬ־
ǣ۲ģֻÿһƽĻᡣ⽨ˣЩ˿ɶڽ󰡡ƽʱһһѧϰҶһĻġͥʲô˵ģǱôǶ֪ġ
ǶŲӣ֪˵ʲô
аɣңȥ˵˵
ȥ˵˵ɲҲ˶ˣҪǱ쵼Ҳû¶
ǵɵ㣬ˣ˼Ҳ㿼ԣô졣
Ҿȥ׶ҲӲˡܵĽǸ֯ߣߣ˵ȡǾȡ󡣡
ǻ汻ˡ
ƽʱҲǺܴˣû뵽⻹ͦµġ
ʲô㣬µʱ򣿡
ǣⲻ¡ǲźҲǵɲ˵ֻǷһ󣬿ȴЩܲμӿԵ˵һӰ졣ûôȥıˣ۹磬۵ȡҪȻҶҪȡģҲź
УȥҴȥǾ󲻹ˡ
ֱȥ׼ȥ߿죬ֱȥǡ
æˣæҵĸ飬æ߿æĽŲմء
˵칫ռˣҲǳʱǡ
һţ۾ˡ
Ǿȣǰˣ
ĵ˭
ڹˡ
ǰˣ
ǣ
üΪʲô飬ǰø˻ᰡ
ǻûڣѹİԼ˵һ顣
ȡȡҿԵĻᣬԱˡ
Ƕʱ˵ˣ֪ǸжΡ
ǣ׼׳ʿ󣬾ǣ˵ҴǲҪָʾһָ߿ѵΪѡ˲𣿲αôǺôǸũͬ־һôãѧϰôõġ
ǻûоЩļⶼרŵ˸ġ
˵°ļóһһֵĿ
Ҫǿ˱֡
˹ƶֻ⼸ȥˣǰһ׸ء
֡
Ǻǡ
ǵǺúоļϸָʾߡֻҪûģͿԱ
ͺǸ˻ˡ
û뵽ôɹ
ǻҲ﹤ûáҵóϴȰ˰ɣЩ⡣
ԣȱ
æĵͷ
˲ѡΪЩøɲԲʲôѣеԼ
ǣлл
ľ˸
ŵվʲôֵñġϽȥøñı
ϡ
ȥ֪ͨҡ
ǻ칫ҪϹ
ǣ
лҪ˵д㡣


169 
·Ͼ͸ǵǸ, ¶ˡ
ǰ, ɱҲ쵼, Ҳһ˵顣ҲԺԹҡ
Ц, ԺҶøлǣǶǺøɲ
, ƨˡӵʱû˵Ǻ쵼
񲻺˼ЦЦ
ҲΪ˱Լľġ
ڼҲûôʱػصķˡ
ҪȻǲȥ쵼һȥҲú칫ѿɲҪĽ
Ҳÿˣ쵼á
ǵСհҿǺ˵ҪȻ˼ɲС֪ҪԺ׷, Ҫġ
, δ˼ԽԽݡŵΪ77߿Щ⣬ĸ߿Żӹ淶
ǣҾһ뷨֯, ׼û֯Ǳףĸ߿ԶǲԼ֯˼Ȼϰյ, ǼȶԲϰ, ҲԲ֯
Ҳȥ, ǸײɲҲʲôϲ֯ô, ôˡС
ȱٵ˵ĵʶ
ص磬ǾͨѶԱȥ֪ͨи˱ûͬ־ԲμӸ߿
ͨѶԱõ֪ͨҲ˵ﳵɿĳˡ
ֱӻ˴ӣ֪ͨͬ־ȥ
ǣܱ𣿡
ûܱŮ֪۾׵ΪûܱоϣһӾͱˣһֱûͣ
ǲ˲۾ȻģҪֻ֯ǸԱʧ֯ϵ߻ǿġһᣬͺӻȥίǣί˵ܱء
Ů֪˵סʵĿˣﻹʵллǣллǡ
лɶȺڽ⣬Ǹɵ¶ֻҪǷߵģ۾ͻȡҲҪ֯ģʧˣҲҪʧ
֪Ǹмĵͷ
Ǳͦģ¶ûͶﷴΪĹ涨Ҳܲˡ
ֱӾȥ취ˡ
ǣԺǶ˴ѧ˸ɲҲҪΪ˽⡣Լһ֮󣬲֪£Ҳ֪Ԯ֣֮Ƕôɹ
˵ãҿгɾ͸ˣλδĵĺøɲӰϰˣǹ
Ůֲ֪˼Ц
˺칫磬Ҳͬһʱٴη˸߿֪ͨһξͱȽȷˣֻԸƽʱ֣ɷ޹أκ˲˼ɸܶѾǴһȴˡ
һʱкܶ˲˱
Ȼʱ˵Ϣ˵Ǻ칫ռʹӵĴǺͺ칫ȥﷴί֪һ֮󣬲Ŷ֪ͨġ
ЩҲѣҪûһ⣬ǿοᶼôˡĽռиøɲܹվҽ⡣
֮ǻٿ˻飬߿ˣиǶйĴᡣ
θ߿顣
ڻļΪ
֪ôŸ߿ܶûо飬֮ǰϹӰԴҪ֪ǷһҪˡҰѹǣǡκβ׵ĵطǶӦüʱķ֤ǵĳ飬ֱļָʾǶϼͿǵĲΡҪĳ⣬ºôǣûа취ˣ
˵űӣһҲûҴ˼뵹ǱϵĶࡣٷƵ飬ȫˣֱӻؼȥ
˵֮ʡȻҲдΪһ쵼ӦýļһһֵĸǿŽ͡һһ
⻰ɰһȺˡ
ⲻ˵Щļ
⵱Ȼǿöģֻ˭ҲҵһվϾһԺ˼ô죿
ҽһ飬Ǵ飬ظɲҪϸӡ֤߿˳ɡǸѡ˲ţһı𲻵¡ٳκι֯Բݣ
Ļ龫ɸ紫ﵽ˸ӡ
⵹øԸ߿ˡЩﻹרŸμӿԵ˸˸˼붯ԱŬԣóɼ
ռ͵ѧԻýҵĺڰҳĿģ⿼ĿôǰӦԻ
֪ҰҪϰ࣬ϽҵĵƲ඼ǲصġٽ˼ߣװ˼ݣýá
ܶӲǲǺ칫ģ֪ռѧϰΧŨѧϰƣ¹˾ֱռдĿ뿼ԣ֮ڽѧϰȻɼСʱûָϻԼĴӹ
Լʳŵռ͵ʳ棬ǷƱҲռͳԵȺҹ
ɰЩ֪ʶǸжˡ
Ҳռ͵֪ʶǸ֪Լɹˣƽʱ˱ѧʮʱһ˯Сʱ˱ǿҪ֤֮⣬˶ۿɼˡ
ôˣŴһѧˣÿȦͷ̲˳ţڽѧϰ
ҲŴһСզҲôŬ㲻Ҫüʾлسˡ
ۣ뿿Լϲ𣿡
ȻСɶ㿼ˣҲòˡ
⻹Ǵһ˼ӣһڻؼҵ뷨ء
ܲšֱӽαߣ˸λá
գͷһţȿˣ㻹Ų
ʮһգʡ߿ʽʼ
ҲǽӻãȻûѩʡ˵㡣
ռ͵Ļ⼸ҲͻˣڶͲοǡ
ҲԼʵʵģںĳҽ˼
۵Ŀںɶ
šЦŵ
Цԣţ۶ϰôˣŬҲŬˣûɶûŵģ˿ͺƽʱһ⡣óľţȷʡʱ䡣ס׼֤һҪдȿ֮һؼҡ
Ҷ˵ĺ㲻òοһ
ҵȻҪҾԼû⡣۾ôš˭ˣ˭ͶԲ۶ôʱ丶ĵѡ
Цˡ
Цɶϵ˼ǵðѵѸϡ
һϡ
Ӵҿɲѣŵ
˭뿼ϰ˲ɶѶС֧ԮһĿǡ
һ·ô죬ҵǶɡնͦ
Щ˿ռ͵˾ȻлͣĽѡ
ռ͵ĿԼҲý
¹ܳɼòõģԼǺĵġ
һ죬һѷȥˡ
˽ȥˣ˿Լѵ㣬һҪóɼҪȻӲÿ
Ѱ˼Ŷһˣ뿼ڶ
ôҲǲμӹ߿ˣ˴ѧߵȽҪһ߿Ĳ룬ЩԲʦ̵
Ϊռ;ԣԴ̬ǺаġԵҪˣƽʱԵϰһ
ĿСβͶҪˡ
⻹涼ǻĿ
ݺݵĴ˴֣˿ů֣ȻЦеĿʼ⡣
лҪ˵ôôա
Ҿֺ¿Եˡÿд߿ԼҲŻŵġ


170 
֮, Ȼռ͵һ, ڻϵŴ, ȴ, ˣЩŵľͰˡ
Ц, ˣĿúΪһ׼
ѧˣҾ͸ϽȥԷΪĽ飬ҲûĿΪһ׼, ౳мס֪ʶ㡣
ڼ, ռͱؿؼҳԣ˶ʳóԷʳҲǸĽʳ⼸Եĺúõġش䡣ζֱʳˡ
ռҲҶʿԵ, ֻ֪ѼʳãμӿԵÿ׼һˮ󼦵ˣɰҶֻˡ
û߿ֺô
Ҷ߰ż, ߵ, Ӵι, ôãһҪ̿ѧ
Ÿ߿ڼ䣬Ҳû, Ǹ˳ģġ
ϣûɶ
ӵλ˸ˮߡ
Ҷˣ͵ûզҲм̣ƭˡ
̵ԼǮġһһء
ͷһ׬Լ˵Ǯ
оͦģһˣҲð׳԰׺ȵġ
úÿɶ˾ͰѼҡ
Ҷ
񶼳żЦ
ͳ۰칫߳ԱŷгԷ߿飬ΪĿ׼
Լ֪Լѧϰɼ翼ĲôҲֻܷŬˡ
ûϣҲź
˽Σûɡ
·УôˣԷ𣿡
ˡЦЦⲻǿ𣬸Ū˸
˵Žŵ칫ϡȳˡ
һ㶣ҵģˣʳóԵĺܺˡ
ҶˣͽŰɡʵģ˵ƽʱ࣬ӻҪѧϰҪӪ񲻺ãǾͿˡ
Ǹҵİ𼦵ô˼ء
ûɶ˼ģΪǹãλЧˡʲôһУɱ˿ˣϽˡ
ǸģǾͲܲҪˡ
ͷϽˣּڣְɡ
ãҼҼأö࣬ÿ춼ԡԵܿõˡسȥɴ¡
¶һЦҡͷ֪أ˵
ͱ˲һӿʺ飬Ǽв˾񣬱һСʱһƪģҪСʱ֮ǰӾͱ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
û¶СλҲòģЩҶͦõġ
лл㰡ͬ־ĸл
ҪѹˣܻҪĹܲΪ˸߿Ӱλ棬ǿ̫Բӵˡ
Щ˼ץץԴɶҸġȻȥˡ˿á
˵ž͸Ͻˣš
ЦЦѼҧһڡ㰡
ȥ˾͵͵񽻴ˣʱ¶ˣΡ
УİɣһϺõģһӶ֪⼦͵ġ
񣺡
ˣ˵ôоģզμӸ߿أû׼֮һĻῼˡ˵ʵڵģӻǲġڽްģȻҲѧ˵㶫ˡ
񣺡Ҳǿϣ˵ˣҸϲ㲻
ͷȷʵⰮŤ󾢶治
ҪԺ󴦶󣬾ԲĬĬ黹¶Է֪ˡ
ʲô
鲻໥㸶һ㣬Ҹһ㡣Ҫ˵㸶ˣզ֪أҲϲ㰡
ƽʱһˣŰʱȻҲԽԽɵˣѹϳ˵ʹ˽ǣȻ١
ѵǰ׷Ӵ֮飬Ȼ˵ټΪûı䣿
̸ˣǵ֯ϽܰɡϣԺĶֽǵģҪȻܲ²²¡
Ȼҵ͵͵ĵл
Ҳװĺ񣬱ʾӦõģúóԡ𲻺˼
˺ûسȥ
Цǣʵ˵ﻰʵԼûģҲûϵռ͸㽨裬ҲܸˡͳԽԽãгɾ͸Сǿܹļˡ
Ц壬ΪռͼԼһ׬ˡұ֮˾ͣ
Цţ
һ죬Խ̬Խƽȡ
ʳϢõ˺ܺõչˣ϶óõ״̬οġ
֮󣬶˿˳ͿʼĿˡ
ûǣΪҪ־ԸҪ֪Լٷְ
ͷ־Ըô㣬û֮ǰ͵
Ŀ֮󣬳һǺź
׷׾òöֵĵط˷֣дĸõûдáѧԭǶԵģ֮󷴶Ĵˡ
ˡ
ۺĿ񣬡ǲǿܺðզûӦ
˸Ƿɶðжٷ֣ܱĸѧУ
ҪˡԭĴ뱨ǵѧУģڷֱˡ
ѧҲ׷װ˼Լδںηô
ǵһβμӸ߿ûκεľ顣Ҳûʦ־Ը
ԼԼĿģϸôѧǾسǣôѧɵġԵ
Ҷʵڳɼզ죿С
ǾԼר֮ѧУǵطƫƧȽٵġ
Ҷһ룬صרҪƫԶˡ
ˣɡȻ֮⣬ôǱصģеơ
Ҳ޺ˣ˼ԼĿġ
Ϊ˻سǣΪϴѧȥϣûġ
Ӹս͵ŵĶϴү̫̫ǾͿʼĵӭˡ˸Сڡ
ǿһ
ӳЦզˣſأû
ε˳˳Ŀ߿Ǿϲ£Ⱥ֣ͻá
˵һ֣ǣֵġ
ɰѿǸĲ˼ˡЩҸ
Լѽ
Ϊ߿ˣԴҲ˼ һصһȺ˶ռˣôĿѲѣܲܿϴѧ
Ҷ̣ȥˡ
ҲЩмܲס
ʡĿ൱ˮƽģţֻҪãƽʱҲŬˣûɶ״ģӦⲻ󡣵ȻҲԼ˵ģϾѧУҲҪ꿼ԵҪǴҶúãǿ϶Ҫиõѧǲǡ
⻹ÿԺĽ
ԣҶĵš
ʵ񰡣㿼ϴѧˣԺռզ찡
ˣҼ˶ˣҪİڹǾ͸õˣɲǶб£ҲģõġҪǲİƽʱලǹ˭Ĳã͸дš
ͦá
⻰͸ˡ֮Щɲû˹ˣֳǰӡ
һĸɲ
öǶ಻İ
߿֮󣬿ԵԾͲˣȥŵͬ־Ūһݻǻ˼ƶȽѧԣһϣԾı׼𰸸ҳˣдڽҵĺڰϣϴҾԼڽԴ𰸽й֡
￼֪֮ҲˣһԼķ
ռ͵˴Ǹ˵ģ⻹ڵ½ռ͸ҽ̹ˡ
ռ͵ͬ־ձﲻȻﲻǸ߿ĿĿרҵҪӿġһЩͬ־ģϵļʾ͸ˡ
ҲһԼķﶼеˡ
лҪ˵ôôա
״̬ҵ״̬޷о񣬿ſžˡкӵһҪעһ£ʱ治ǺӲŬȱʲôҪӪ(*/أ*)


171 
Լܿʮ, ıȽϱصķˡ
Ŀ϶, ҪĿƺԼĿ۷֡
һ־Ը׶ľ󡣾ڻûδô, δܴСѧרҵ, ǾѧǰΪ˿٣ѧ±, ѧԼûѧģҲҪġδչıضھ棬ѧõϡ
ԼҲ֪֮ȻռԼȱ˿Ķ˼ʮķչ򣬵վͬһˮƽϣʱ˱ǿԻҪѧ֪ʶ
Ȼ, ˾֮, ׶ѧΪ־Ըȫ׶
ҲǺһ׶ѧУ
׼ѧͺմѧ׼оߺ캽רҵչ
, ߿áҲá
ϲ
Ҫ飬ȥ˸Уֲμ˸߿, զ֪ôءܾ֪ռ͵жĶ, ÿʲôׯˡ֪ԼҲЩΰһ, ѧϰ֪ʶδҲ̽ա
ҶسǵרԺУרҵʦ
ɰЦˡ
, 㵱ʦɱ˼ҺӸŻˡ
Ҷ㶮ɶ̨ܹʱ˼̫̫ǾϲģʲôµģˣǶûйܲסġЩ˶˵ʺϵʦǸӸҵƤ
ЦԼӵܡ
̸ݣϹĸɶҲ֪ܲءһܻ˼ӡ
Ҷ
°Ǻ֧ԼҹŮʦҲãŮӵʦð
Ҷ£һξ㿼ϣǾͿڶΡ
Ҷ
⻹ûأ
ǵģƻһǻ顣ûϣǲҲڲ
Ȼ߿ˣЩҲûšȥ־Ըμ졣
½½æ꣬͵¼ȡ֪ͨˡ
æ֮󣬴ҵķˣĸ
ϾˣλæúءСѧҲҪ׼Ÿѧĩˡ
Ҳѵõʱȥһ˹硣
æŷװ¶ÿ춼ֺǺǵġ
ϾҪ꣬·ĺʱ򡣶һء
ˣڵλתת
ĿǰλϰĶǹϵˡ
볧ӽõĳԷס⡣
תһȦͦġǷװʽǰһûɶ⡣
ûϵԵ͹ͬ־ЩװʽǷǵۡ
ͺδ۵費һǻƫֱصĿʽ
Ժĸ￪ˣ˼ˣٸıҲ١
ͦãһˡǣЩҴȥҸǶ˿Ҫֱͺˣ
Ǹ˵ǵȻãǱصĳӵȻҲȹӦصԱ
̸¶ֹĵʵˣ㿼Կô𣿡
ɲ֪ΪˡҽҲ˵¶أ۶﹤Ҫҳ֮ǰһ¡
Ǳֱ߱ߵ⣬ҺҲֹġ˼ǣȻȥѧˣҲһҪѸѧ֪ܶѧҲǴѧϰġȥˣҲռ͵ǣռйȨ
ߵԶܲŰ
û£ƽʱдҲСǶﲻҲе绰ż绰˵ʵڵģռôõľ򿪵ġˣһǲģһҲǾÿϧȴڣԺҵ乤⹤ö˼𣿵ʱøλ
쵼һƬˡ
м
ǣΪҿôԶҲƴˣȻԶһᾡܣıߣöչ
Ҷ㻹ĵġЦ
ҪƷá
ΪѧֱȥǷ⣬һ˿ɲҰöľ򰡡
ҲǺôҲԸԭ
һƷãٺõҲãҲȥ
Ʒˣܵõ˵ء
дҲΪҵ쵼ֱĺ쵼Ҳܴ󵨵ļҵ뷨
ǹЦЦ
˵ûƨƨ;˼˵Ļ
˵˰칫ңֺͺǻ㱨˶ĸɲǵԺˣθɲҲиݡ
ǺЩԼĹϼ¼ˡ
ǣһ¶˳
˵
߿ˣǸ߿¼ȡ֪ͨˡ֪ģڶƾ¼ȡ֪ͨȥѧһ¼ȡ֪ͨʧˣ;ˣͰ׿ˡɱƽʱżҪˡҪǳ⣬˭ҲΣҽ鵽ʱ¼ȡ֪ͨ鵽ˣͨѶԱ˵˵ȥӵʱ򣬱뿼ǩա÷е⡣
ǵͷҲǸⶫת϶ˣ׶ʧ㻹Ӹ߿Ӹϰ֪ͨ飬ûٻ˼
Ц˭ԼҲοأұıȽ϶ࡣҾ۹ԺĴѧˣǹǺаġԺ˭칫磬ǿ϶ĻĴ硣˽ܵ飬˵ľ
Ҳã˭ϣԼϽ涼˲ţǴء
ԺЩҪԸչ˹磬粻Ҳܷչ
˭Ҫǿϴѧˣ罱ʮǮѣϴѧá
֮ϲ˵ллʮǮ
ˣǻʮþȵҪǮˣ
Цûȣ⽱Ҿˡ
ӹʹ·ӻˣװ·
ӶǺӣϾǷװģʵʵĺӡԱԼӻҪáãһߵֹ߱ƵҪ
һʼǮҲ˶ǮԼȥϻûʱҲ糧ĺÿ
кܶ׼괩
ռ͵ҲûƱָǵ٣ǿԺͳͳͬ־ȥʶܶ൥λĹˣԻƱ
ҲˣرⶨסϾҪȥˣý㡣
Ҷп˶䵱ˣ
Цŵ㣬⻹֪ǲܿأôңһûզ죿
˵ҲǡɣҪûϣͰ·ҡ

ҲˣⲻŮǲԿġ
Ϊȫصĸ߿ʱ䶼һģԴҶ֪¼ȡ֪ͨûô۰Ͱ͵Ĺ12£781¡
ÿ춼ŲǱ߿ŵĹҪȥû֪ͨ顣
ͨѶԱСģ˵ˣ֪ͨʱҪģ˶֪ɶʱˣǾ֪ͨˡ
ӴҲŲӿˣһĵŶˡ
ΪЩƽʱϲүǶϰˡ
һֱһѮСͭŸˡ
һȺ˶Ӳܡ
źϢ
Сܱôģ˿ˣǿˣ
ĸɲǸϽˮˣϽ˵˵˭ˡ
Сһˮһ¼ȡ֪ͨˣ˵ҹĵ籨ء۽һ֪ͨȥ֪ͨ飬üһ۹һͰ˸ˣռʹ
˵ţĽ֪ͨ˳֣ǣ񡣡
˷ܵľ֣ӹ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ѧУ֮ٴ鵽˱Ǵѧ¼ȡ˷ܺʹ̼
лҪ˵ôôգ
77߿Ƿר˺ܶϣһЩУһЩ˵ûСȻҿһƪ£˵ʱ־ԸһдģûбУ¼ȡǷԸȥеʦѧԺҲר룬ӦרġȻΪһָ߿ܶ಻ƣÿҲǲһģҲ˵


172 

ͨѶԱС
ܹȥ˫ֽӹ֪ͨ, ûü𿪿, ͱҪǩ֡
һ, Ǳѧ¼ȡˡ
ҿٷְ
С, Ͳ֪ˣֻ֪ͨ顣Ȼͳһ, ˻ȵУϡ
ңҰϸͷСںģڼˡֱ֪ͨӿ 
֪, ı˿ʼ
ָͷ, ܸ㽨軹ǸũȲˣ˶飬ûиõĳ·
ͬ־, ų
Сֺ
վ˳ǿżù֪ͨǩ֡
ǲֱ¶顣
յɴ۾, ʵ, ҳԼĺ, Ȼˣˣسжˡ
, ͬ־֪ͨ顣
̵ָĽ˹ۺˮллллллΪߴ·һκ˶ϧЩᡣмЩõĽ
Сǩ֣ƵлɶԼġ
Ȼ֪ͨˣ֪ͨͬ־ƾ֪ͨȥȡʮǮѧǵȥð
˵֪ˣСͬ־ˡ´Ƕﻹ֪ͨ飬鷳ء
Са
ᶨ϶еġ֪ͨ鶼һһ͵ģ϶С
ûõ֪ͨ飬ʧĻʱˡ
СҲЦŵСҿ϶һʱ
ܰ칫ȥץһЩӻ֮ĳʳСţմմϲǼҲѧ
̫ˡ
Сֵòˡ֤ͷ֪ͨ顣
Сˣ߸˵ķ˸ڡ
ǸӰֹô˿ϣҲء
һʴѧǺôѧ
Ǻͬ־׶ĴѧأرõĴѧ
ͬ־ͬ־ҲǱĺǱߵĴѧ
ǲѧУɶ𣬵ǴеѧУܲ
û֪ͨͬ־ǹ˹⻹ǵһأ滹ѧУûġġĵš
յĵ㣬Ҫûô찡
øͬ־ˣ˵ȸ߿ȷ֮󣬲ȷòȻҲҪˣʱʣˡ
ջûôһ죬ͺ¡
֪ͨǿͰ͵ӷ˸ۣɵã
ûش𣬷ʵզ죿
ſ껹л𣿡
ھһ뷨ˣ껹лᣬһҪϡһҪ֮ǰҪŬ
뿪Ĵ˵̫ˡͺ͵뿪һ
ͻȻͷ춼ˡ
ο⺢㳤ˣ϶аԴȻˣҲɣһûõ֪ͨ飬һ춼ܷɡҪѧôʱ䶼ˣٴһҲ¡ұ֮˾ǵּУҪţ˵ɫһ壬ҹ˵ˣȥˣҲռ͵ǡǻǹҹŵġ԰Ϊ˾ܷɡ
ǣ
Ǹ˵
֮ż£ҲһԸΪҪˡ
ͺʧȥĹǣû˷һġ
Ȼģ֮ǰû֪ͨ飬Ҳ֪߲ߣԾû˵ô˵ġ
Ҷʱˡ
ֻҪռͻŵģǾûôˣûߣҲٳԡ

֪ͨ·ľռˡ
һ˵ðˡ
ѧǿ·
ҲľˣҲ˵ﻹôġ
Ҫð̣һӳѧ
һȥ׶ѧء
ǱǰΧʱүүͱү̫̫Χסˣ˵˺һϲ͹άĻִүүǼզģզôء
үүϵЦʹѹѹס̲סЦˣҪ̣ģҡҼϰ
ԱһѵŸˣǿɲڵ˵Ѿߣҹѧ֣ҿһ۾ͻˡ
Ͻ㣬ЩզҲû˵۶֪
̫̫·Ļ
˵ҲŰҪҼ˴ѧҲ˵ۼ˲Щũ񰲰ֵأͿɾˡ
˸пвľû㣬ɨäǻһϲʮ֡
̵ˣҪǿҶģҶĻǱ˼ҵӡһ㲻ҡҡҼ񣬰
ôŵĴţҲû˻ɣúܺ
Ͼɲͬһء
˶ܿϣֻ˵͵ûϵǺһйϵ˭ͬһүء
ĽĲˡ
˵ⱲֵˣԺĸ
̫̫ôһ°ûôˡ
˼˵̴ݣ۵Ҳ
ԼĶӣԼ̣ӵĵ
˼Ҵˣ°ٴǾû˼ˡֻܼشӶǣǲһÿ˶ѧǲǣҼҰҲ⻹ǶҵĽ̵ۼҵʱͺв˵ˣզҲҪһ֪ʶӣӲܵɲҲҪ顣Ҫһֱ˳УȥУզܿôأⶼԭġ
Щõǵӵ֧֡
ٴҲҪĺúý̵ġ
ﶼ⣬ԺһҪӵעغǵѧϰɲܵˡҪܿϴѧǿǹ
һֱֵ磬ռҲŰ
Ȼ˵˵ˣǻֵĺϲ£죬¼ȡ֪ͨ鿴ֶֿ
̶֪ͨȣидľүүˡ
˶Ǿ߹ˣﵱѾߣǻ˵ˣŶס
Ǵû룬Լҵһܹѧġ
ͺЩʱңҵүһȥѧãĻˡߵﶼ룬ͷ͹ģ۾˹˹ĵġﶼ˸߿һۣеϵˡ
ЦЦžͼˣððҲ˵ѧĻᡣ
Ϊףõһ죬ռǰ׼ⶼóˣʮַʢ
һ˳Եĸ߸˵ġ
ҶǸûûεģ˶ĵ֪ͨ飬һҲżԺúȺãԺóԵı˭Ե
ɰˣɶɶľͲ㿼Գɼ
ҶɶˣҲԲȣҲܸı۸óԳԸúȺȣ꿼¡
㶼ˣٲҶ󡭡
ɶҪбµĶ󡣡ҶȫġΪŮ֪ҲмλŮ֪඼ûҶء˼һʱ˵ˣʮûҶҲء
ż֪ͨ飬оУûоûСԺȣɶ
˿⣬Ҷ㣬̬á
ǿɲ˭ҴԿġҶ
̣
֮ǰ˵һû죬½½֪ͨˣֻûͷһһô࣬ÿ
õ֪ͨģ󲿷ֶ֪ࡣ
Ҳû취Ϊռ͵ȻҲѧˣǱϾӱˡ
ǱѧУҲʲôصѧ󲿷ֶĴרԺУ
ռͱ˿ʼյ֪ͨʱҲڶ˺䶯
üûѧˣԭѾѧУûԵֵˡΪ˲μӶйľͲްѧϰôȻҲ˴ѧ
һǵʱ򣬲ɷùĴ޾̼ҵŮСơѾˣɷǱĶģһ·ӣһסһСһֱΪ˽λŬɷ˶ĽӣŸũȻһֱڽްѧϰҲϳѧͽΪ˵ʽһֱŬβμӸ߿Ҳ̺ɷĹ±רѧУѧż
û뵽ܿˡ
֪ͨĵ죬޾̾ŮŮȥˣѼöˣŮǿͷл
ɰŻˣϽסˣʱˣɲһףҪǹˣҿҪֵܴġ
޾æԼŮˣм֣񰡣ǣǸǣøɲǼҵĶˡҪ㣬ۼҿ϶ûǼҵĴ˰
ԼŬɻڿ죬ѧϰ档
ǻ飬ס·ӣܿѧⶼǺӣǸˣۼԶġ
æǸɲҸġÿɲӦôҹϺӵġԺҲҪľԺһԽԽõġ
޾̵ͷ
СҲ֤Һ̻˵ˣҿϴѧҲ뿪ռͣԺ˻ڵλԺռͿ϶ԽԽáûռͣûǽĺӣһҪռ͡
ݵҴռ͵ĸǸл㡣
˴޾һˣ񻹺ܸп
Ŭûа׷ѣߣҲѡ
ٵˣֻҪҶͬŬռԺͲ
㣬㣬㣬
дĿأħһʹˡ
¼ȡ֪ͨǰױ㣬õ֪ͨˣҲ¼ȡˣ⻪ʡʦѧԺءѽҺҵʦרѧԺҪȻҿ϶ϡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


173 
˹, ǻʡʡǵһʦѧԺ, һרҵġ
յ֮, ϴһ, Ҳþϲο
˵ʵڵģյĳɼֻ˵һ, ǸʵǾͺͻû
Ϊ飬ǻ˲˼
ѧϰͱѧϰĲ໹ǺܴġΪŬ㲻ģҲѧȥ
Сƣ, , ǰŲѧġ
ΨһĶܾǴһˡ
գϲ㰡ƾԼŬ, ϴѧˣԺǴѧˡԺҪúѧϾԺҵ֮ҪΪʦġ
ѹͲƽԼ, ֻ˵ϸˡ
Ļ, , ǱģҪҵѧŬѧϰѧϰ, һбµˡ
񣺡
ЦЦȥִ绰ɣ˸ˡ
ϣǿϧܻغˡҲûϵ飬Ҳһ
һռ͵Ŀ¾֮ӦǿءզҲһڶǿϾڳȥҲ㡣绰дŶ㡣ҪǣǿԼϵѽԼһһֵĿģǿҲǿš
ƽһΣҵһΪ˵ĳɾ͸кͽС
ԭҲǱ뿿˵ģԼҲܰɴµġ
ĵ绰һֱûͣϵ֪Ƕ绰ϲ
ûϵҲüżڶθ߿Ҳʣĸˣٶิϰһ¸á
ն˼绰ˣ첻Ҫż
ٴθ绰ͷϵСӶҪ˦ˡ
һˣڵ绰ͷ˷ܵĹЦ
绰Աƺˣ⳶źţ˰ϴѧˣʦʦðҪ˲šרҵããҪⷽء
ڵ绰ͷͷһݡ
Ȼ˵绰ͷһ˵ŹϲĻͬ־Ц
ͬ־հĵţҪǮŹ˵绰
㣬ûҰְر𽾰ء˫ֳϵ
ţѧˣֵȻҪ˲𰡡
ã㣬áԼԲֳΪ˽ĸоð
ҲЦˡ
˵ĳɳ̾Ǿ˿ҲǾ˳ɹ
Сĳˣˡ
Ŵڵĵ֪ͨ¶Žˡ
ռ͵ԭĶʮ֪࣬ϺӵĶʮ֪ࡣĿǰֻжʮһõ֪ͨ顣
ռԼʮ˲μ˸߿õ֪ͨľ͸ˣ
񻹵мʲô⣬ȥ߿
߿칫ұʾרû֪ͨ飬Щ˵
ΪԸ䵽еԺУģܻõ֪ͨ顣ԸģҲ־Ըˣûﵽ־Ը׼
ڿ˶ٷ֣߿Ҳǲ֪ġ
ʡæ̫æû
Ҳ͸ѧУ֪
ѧǿ˶ٷ֣Ҳǲ֪ġ
ṩЩ˵֣ҲһһԹˣȷʵû¼ȡϢ©ġ
ŷˡ
ͺʹ˵Ϣôһȸϰ׼
üֱ֪ӾͱʾҪϰμӼ֮ĵڶοԣ˾飬ǿ϶ܹóɼҲ֪ô־Ըˡ
ڵеԺУǲ롣ȥԼǵѧУ
ҲãǻȥѧϰϰʲôģҪæģʡסǵּ
ұ֮˾Ҫš֪Ц˰ȭͷ˸͵ơ
˿ûи߿֮Ƿϵ˼
Ҳͨ㲥֪ͨˣôҼΪ֮ĸ߿׼ҪиҪϵĿЩϵͬѧһ衣
һЩ˷˸߿ѡúõڵλ﹤Щ׼ٴ׼Ȼ￼ϵ٣ǻأռˣҲ׶Ĵѧ
˵ũûɶȲϳ˵ģĻˣӱˣӻһġٶѧѧпܵġ
һʱ䣬ռͻമŽϵ¶Ǹֵġ
ϸɴ֯Ĳѧһָڲΰ࣬뿪ռ֮ǰٸռĹס
һδ׼ѧΣϿε˻١¹ܿԵģˡ
ﵽֹţôˣҪΣǰͲ˶ϰռͦ󡣡
ɲҲ˹ˣǱߵ֪զôôࡣ
һӾͼʮ
ռͶء
٣Щӱˣһûϡ
Ҳڰ칫￴Ŀǰϴѧ
ΪϴһΣصĸ߿͸ˡ³¨ӣ޿ص顣
Ը߿ɼһڹעء
ĸ߿ɼǲ
ȫصѧؾͳʮλ
ؾͰ˸硣˻治ࡣܿʮλǿǲˡ
ȥᣬίǶڿǵط˲ͦࡣ
֮⣬ѧҲ١
Ȼر϶ǱȲ˵ġ˿ڱ˵ɼǺÿġ
رռһ֣ˡ
̫ˡ
ʮ˲ο˶ʮ൱֮һıȫ¼ȡǶţûǾôѧУԲ¼ȡ֮һˡ
˵οٶ˲μӸ߿Ƕ֡˲μӸ߿ռ;Ϳ˶ʮ
ݳɼ̫ˡ
ǿȫΧܺõѧУ
ƶ˵Ƕôװ
Ȼ֪֪࣬඼زӵģϰҲ︴ϰġǵĳɼҲذ
Ǹ˼ˣڼΪԼ˲Ŷˡ
ռ͡ţû뵽Сղֹ㷢չôðѵõúãԼҲѧúãҲôõѧУ
Ҫ˼ҪȥѧˣҲã˲ţԺȥҪĸλܷӸá
пˣֱİ壬ҪŪǮһЩصѧѧҲռ͵־ôѧϰһ¡
Ǵ죬ռ˻ڸ߸˵ףأͬ־Ϳųһ·ôˡйҲˣһȺ˻źףռڸ߿ȡɼ⻹˸죬дšȷӡ
Ϊɶ¶ˡ
һֻ̣ˡһǺ¶
˳Ц泯߹ͬ־ģҪǴգɷǶȡĳɼġ
һɷõģԱǶˡ
ĺʹ˵ռӽľͽѧУΪָ֧߿ԸԼۣҪиϢʱ䡣
Ҳǣ˵ʹ졣ϾЩ˸߿ϰʱҲȷʵˡ
лҪ˵ôôգԲм˸


174 
ͬ־ҲɷЩϰա
, ϰǴӵ, ˵ѡ˵Ļ˵
Ȼ, Ϊ˽ʡʱ, øȥɷˣԼɷռ͵Ĵѧ, λǡ
ǣԽǣұʾҪȥƶͥ߷ãԹ
ȺڵģȻ÷ڵһλ, ܵõͺܸˡ
Ц, ˽죬ɻнء˵ˣǶ￼صѧģһ˶ʮǮǶ, һһٿ顣ϴѧͬ־ҲнһһʼǱһ˵, ˡ
û뵽Ҳбʾ, á
ȥ˹㲥, ÿϵѧһ佱ʽ
ȻҪ۸ʽ, ɲܹһƬ⡣
Ҳд⡣
ΪɲֻΪ˷ģΪ˰ɷùĸλʱЩҪ͵ȥġû׼Ҫ͵ʡȥ
ϾǸ߿һˣ˶óӽӸ߿ġ
˲ŵΪֵ
ϵ˶߸˵ˡ
ûϵҲ֡
ǸҷżٻȥģҶûȥϵľԺѵûʱʹҶ۾ۣûϵ׼ʡʱ临ϰ
佱Ҳ죬ľһһҪСʱ
Ǵ̨ӵʱҲɷЩѧǣǸ߿ôϰģôȡõĳɼˡ
֪ǿɲúɶģƱúܡ
ֶϴѧˣ緢ɶ˵ɶ
ȻǵĿڶ벻һ仰ô˵𡭡
񣺡
ÿһλϴѧĿ˵Ļ϶һûʱԼŬ࣬ΪǿͱĶʵ̫ˡΪÿ۵Ĺֵ˾ҲΪ˳ԷõûѧϰĻûѧϰϡ
ڶѧУңϣһȺͬѧǷĹҲʺǵģܹԼĳܼѧϰ
رǸϰʱ䣬ʳü൹ְҵҹҵƻ
ĿԣﶼųӽͣΪ˸Ǳ
ܿϴѧ˵һԭǶѧϰ
Щϵͬ־ˣԺÿ궼Ҫ鼮ö˶ܽӴѧϰǣҲҪرлᣬҲµü䡣
һζζ˵Ĺ£п֡
ԭռܹôóɼԭ
Ϊӽ
ȻڻںͿ飬ѧ֪ʶ˾޵ġʮֵ֮⣬ܹͨùѧã
԰˵Ϊɶ˲ҪҰһ
ռ˲ţ˲ˡ
˲ţպѧᣬǶǽм
Ǹ˰
һбҪֹ˵øӸ߿Ҫøӽ˲š
ⲻָ߿Ŀ𣬹Ҫ˲š
һߣռ͵ԱҲŵĸ˵֡˵ӺӵĽڸ߿ϰڼ䣬չЩǣѧϰ
ö๤ҲҲֻ֪ʶãˣ۶׬ǮˡҪˣǿ϶Ҳܲɵģܸɵ۶ˣǶһ㿴ʱ䡣
ҪҲǶȷʵɳɼˡ
ҲͦԵĺǣǰǻۣͳˣˡ
Աߵ֪ˡ
ʼʱȷʵֹ͵͵İļץŲƽ¶ҲҪȥ֡
ûǸ˼ˡҪΪйż˸λɼææţû뷨ˡ
ȻҲ֪ݸıΪʲô
ǵǵ鳤Ǹıġ
ر֪࣬Ϊûбչ˻Ŵ鳤ԹҪ˵
ڲŷ֣Ϊ鳤ʱϸҪڸ߿вܹӱ
¼ĸ¿ɼˡ
һ֪ʶӽũ壬ũ֧֪ʶѧϰĸ˹°
໥ġ
ռͳֱֳˡ
Ȼһĵطô鷢
ɷý֮󣬶ֵͰ佱ʽ
񽱵Լĸ߿¼ȡ֪ͨ飬һŴա
ڶЩϸӶǵϣдա
ǿ֮󣬸пѣɼɲжҪȻǵҲҪáѧУǺҪģʦҲҪҪԸѧУм顣ϲϸʦòá
Ȼļȥ˵
Щ¶ռ͵ǲ֪ġҿĵĹ˸꣬Ϳʼӹˡ
ѧУѧʱ䲻ͬĶµ׾Ҫѧˡ
Ҳûˡ
ǴÿϵѧܻؼһˣȻӼġ
ҲҪӹˡ
Ҳÿռ͵˲ƻ
ȻôһˣǵĹ˽֣Ѿˡ
ӹɵĽС
ҲʼˣȻǵĹĹ϶ǲеġ
Ĺˡ
ʱûõ֪ͨ飬ʱ־Ըʱͬ˵еԺУģԻлᡣ
Ҳ¶Ե
ȻҲһִҲǸˣ֪Լõѡڳú
ϾרˣҲǷֵλôͷʼߡ
ͳܺءҲûĲˡ
ҪҪȥ顣Ҫѧ֪ʶʱڽҲҪͣĽ
ĵͷ
һðԶҲиġ
﹤˽ˣֺúõİŶĹ
ֱСӳ
СΪǷԱǸйôҲˣǸЩġÿԺʵص˻ڶڼ䣬άֶ﷢չû⡣
Ƽˣû˷ԡҲռ͵һûɶġ
С˵վˣңұ֤Эӳɺö﹤ġ
ЦС磬㡣Ͼռ۾ѩġ
ɲ⻰Ц
ԺҾ뿪ˣÿһ绰˽﹤ǽ⡣ƽʱˣԸдš
ĵѧҪѧĶ࣬᲻ѧϰɱѧϰĴ¶
Цʱ仹еģҶ˽⹤Ժҵ˲ܸõĹ
ͷС
ֽϺӴӺͲ̼Ǳߵֲء
ռͰѹϵάãռػ̫ˣҪͳ󣬾ͱ㹻͹ӦǵĿ칫ǹӦȻĿǰûģǵĿꡣԺȲ˵Ŀǰг飬ǷչһҪεİס
С˵Ŀ꣬Ҳˣ֪Ǳʹ
Ҳ֤İɣµЩһɡ
ɲҲ̬ԻѹãѾչռûȥ
ֱӵˣԱǶڱֹأ˵ҪǣԺдţ˭Ĳþ;ٱ춼ڷʡԼ﹤ûáҹŮ⼸ҲڶأҪȥϴѧˣ˵ˡұĸȺھٱˡ
˹Ц
Ŵ־ûвˡ
ȥ֮Ҳʼʰ׼Ӿߡ
̼ʰˣͦ᲻õġҲˣ͵͵Ǯ٣顣̫̫Ǯϵķʣ̫̫Ҳ׬ˡǮûأ͸Ůˡ
һ̣ǸɶǮ
ţҲ᲻ðҾáţСҲУûࡣ˭Т˳أҾͶǮ
ֱ׳
Ҳûܾ֪˵һƬ⣬ܾҪѹˣԺټӱĻر
лл̣һȥѧϰƷġ
Ҳ·㿴ҶӻǴѧأ֪·ȻйʣɸҲ١ɶǮ
ãȹӴЦ
ĥһʵͺǱ˵¶ûа
ҡҡͷæˡ
ԥŵԺ󡭡Ǵ¶㲻˵ˣ
ϣ˵𣿡Цŷʵ
ǿɲҵ顣Ҿ֪ϢڡƲЩݣҲƲ
Цãһ˵һһǡ
׼ŵȥѧУ֮ٺͺǱ˵һġ
ʵǲ׼ͺˣҲʲôΪ¶ȥһ˺ǣҲûҪ
ǰɣûüȥѧأ¶Ǳȥˡ
⻹Ϊ֮ǰǴβɷá
Ǿøøһ£ϱˡ쵼Ǹܺõ飬ʡˡ
ʡһüһ֮һĿˡһũء
ڳĵλҲû¼ȡʰһ˼Ƕﻹչ
֪ʶӽũ壬ũ֪ʶѧϰĺ¼һΪôѧһȥЩ˵ķķˣռﾹȻʡǰʮֱһʡĿƵڶƵ
ĳɼõľֵ
ⲻֱӾ汨ˡռ;Ϊ߿ص¼ȫˡ
ռŴѧ¼ȡ֪ͨĺҲռһ档
վCλ 
лҪ˵ôôա


175 
Ȼ۾, Ϥ˻ϵóġ
ռԼûüֽ, Ժľռҹϲˡ
ռ֮ǰΪٻ˼ҳ, ڴԺ͵һʱ, ҲҺǼºʲôܵǣ
ⶼһ, û¶ҲĿˣܲΪݹϵʹռңֺǰһкˡ
˸ôѧڷⲻˣϱͺͳϰϲб°, ȥôĻ, ܿϴѧ׶ѧأ̫ˡ
һ, Ҽϴѧˣ
ǰû˵֪ͨ鶼˰ɡǰˡϱɵĿҪԼҺӣ˰͸ô绰ϲˡǴϲ, żˡ
ס, ûյϢ
õ, дҲõ˰
ˣǺȵסЦ, ˵ˣȻ˵ˣ绰˵ģûҲŲٰ죬˻ˣ׼һֵġ
Ǹ֣ôõĴѧԺˣ϶ǲװ˵ҲǸɲˡ
Цŵͷ
òװ˴ˣ˾ˡȫ벻ͨΪʲôŮǴ绰ӸŻ·籨Ҳа
ⶼϱֽ˰
ϽȥͣȥұֽĸҵˡΪ߿Ǵ¶Ժ͸߿йصϢǷġǸվֱڵһҳ·˶ܿ
ȷϣȷʵĹŮ
ⱨֽΪ˿֪ũĹף֪Ҳ˳˵Ϊ֪࣬ռ͸ɳ˳ɼõ˵ϰպ͸ɲ֧֣Ϊռ͵Ĵǡڼ佨ѧУ·ÿѧķʽʩʣͬһȺ֪ͬ־Ǵ㷢չԭƶռӽԣũͬ־ҲõӵĲס½ķӡ
һƬٵĻ棬ռ͵ԱҲ֪ͼͶұڻָ߿Ϣ֮󣬻İЩ֪ʶǷֵǴõѧϰȡ۵ĳɼ
ݣǸ˿ŶҪѪڣ鼤ͣĹԱǺȥ֪أ˲ۺǵӾôϢ
ҲüͽԺĹŮǹһʶԾˡ
Ů¸ô飬ǾȻһ㶼֪ʱһıðġ
ͬľĻվǿ
Ҳڰ칫ҷŴءôҲ벻ͨôŮû绰ϲء
ǰ¶칫Ҵ绰ġ
ϸ룬Ůжû绰ˡ
ô鰡¸ô顣ѵŸﱨϲüΪ
Ҫǻ˼ҵĺӣֻ¼Ҫͼ˱ϲˡװĸСũ˸״ĵ֪ˡ
ô飬ôͲ֪˵һء
վǿʶеĲԾˣ￪ʼЩ²ˡ
ϵϴŮҲؼҡ
ʱͻȻЩˡ
ֲֻ²ЩԽܡߵʱ˵Ļ˷θȥТΪ׵ġ
ΪһףվǿʵԽ뷨
ԸѡţԼŮֻһϲѡ
ҲҪϲˡ
ռӣҲյ˹͹ıֽ
ϲĸߴңⱨֽȫȫضܿеλ˶ˡҲ˵ռȫˡź칫Ҳմ˹⣬¶
Ϊ˽ռʹӣ㻯ʣռͺø㷢չ
ռ͵ĸɲΧ۵Ա֪¶֮󣬶˵ЦЦݴ顣
һ̸Լȫ񶼿ء
ǿȫĵض˰
ռҲܽ
̻˵ҪѱֽûؼϴѧռҲŪһݣ׼ȫٵĽ״һԼݵǽϣ˶ǮΣΰһݡ
Ҳϲ£θ߸˵ӦˣʾȥͨѶԱȥ˾͹
ߵʱ׼ʲôʱߡ
˵֮ǰȥһ˹磬͹ɲһԸ𡣡
Ͳô˰ɣԺڷżˣ϶û
β֪ļںǰ֮ǰ˵úùתڵġɼ˻ںء
ЦҵļңҵĹҲȻû
Ҳ벻Ϊɶ˼Ҽ˽£ҲûʡܻҪȥԶٷġǶĸɲҲȥһ֡˳̸̸Ƕδķչƻ˵ˣԺǶǹصֵȰǷȻܱ߷չ
Ϊ˹ҿ϶ȥġҲ⼸ɣ׼֮ǰǴ绰
ϡ
Σռ˾͸߸˵Ļؼף¶ˡ
кöھﴮӿΨһһݱֽǷݡ
ռ͵Աͬ־ô飬ô֪ͼһֵĺϲ£졣ѾԼϴˣûǾá
һֱҪԷЩ˲Żؼˣռ׽
ֺǺǵⱨֽ档үүֹˣô׻ˣװһ鲣ӾлĹߡ
ԣҪ򡣡̾Լϰˡ
ۼүү˵
˶Ц
ȫ˲һЩĬ뵽˺ǱҲõϢˡ
뵽ѧУ֮ڴ绰ͺ˵һġϢˣǱҲˡ
˼ģǰȥǣǱ˵ˣٳȥ׶
ͺǱίߣһΪزģֻܰǱߵɽҪסһҲΪԼҲ溣ռ磬ǵȻǸԼ⣬ȱǮǮҪ͸ԼĹˡ
ѾϴѧˣԺҲǸǼˣȻҲҪǼҪʲôȥ׶ʶͬѧʦռҲòˡ
ʵڲٶ
ںǺͺãռռһţҲûпܡ
˵ƫۣƫĺ޵ߣʵúһˡҪмҲһԭ
ԭԸûЩ˵ġҲȷԭˣֻ塣ԣǰԭִɡ
Ǿ͸ɴûаɡ
Ծռ˸˵̸Ƕֽ¶ʱͷˣү̣һ˺ǡ
ռһӰ
ʵ߿Ϣ֮ռ˾뵽Ҫȥģ뵽ϴɣֶûʡ
ˣǵҲûôȡ
̾͸˵ˣ֮ǰҪء͵ҲУȥ˵һ֪ϢǺڡ
ҶһҲȥһ˼۸զ죿
֪ռǱߵֵܽöһģһ۸զ졣
Цŵá
Ҳ㣬Һһɣһȥ׶
ҲȥɣȥгʶͳԺ϶Ҫġȥг顣
ЩжȥǣôǱ߳ģᱻ۸ġ
˭֪˵ˣⲻҲܳȥ𡣾ȥ񡣡Ҷֵ
Ц㲻֪ͨˣû׼컹Ҫء
ˣ϶ûϡˣóȥɢģս
̵ûţȥ˿Ҳֵܽûŵˡ
°ҲԣһȥҶһһȥ׶ѧ
ô飬Ҳûپܾ
Цŵá
лҪ˵ôôա˵


176 
ΪҪȥ, ԭĿѧǰ
֮ǰҲ׼ȴŶĸɲȥ硣Ͼ֮ǰ˵õ, ܾܲôֱˡ
ûȥ, Ҫ뿪Ϣͱˡ
Щͼ, ͳԵģѧУȥԡ
иϱҲˡ
ȥȵ, ȥȵҪˣûȵӻ
סˡ
˼ܵļ͵͵¶
ﰵԴ
һˡ
ⶼˣǸóˡȻҲ㷸δ, иҲ̨, Ҳز˶á
ǵãͽ꿪ʼܶũ˶ˡʱû׼͸ųˡ
һĥɴ, ⻹ѣҶͶ˵ˣ칫͹ɲǳԷ, Ͱ¶˵ˡ
иϱ׼, ȶˡ, ܻˡ
ܣҵ˵ǰͷ, ΪܻۿûٳĲ˵﷢չô죬ҲǿŬˣҪǻ˻ǰǲùץ˾ݲԺƽƽģ㻹Ҫ̺ܽá
֪֪Ժһˣʵʵɻôãٲöӷˡ
ͷУȥ͹˵˵ٸϢ
ããҵϢ
ڶ죬ʹŶ˳ȥˡ
ǻ潲ڹʳðɲǶΧһֵĸףС
ǵȥѧǺ£ɲҪĻԺǵĸɲҲҪѧϰͬ־ѧϰöѧѧ¶ˣͲμĸɲѵȥ
⻰ʱܳ
Ͻվ̬л֯ࡣ
ش󰡣ռҲۺ칫ôĴѧҲҪøɲ
ӵĸɲһĺ棬Ժѡ
Ǳ쵼չ˵ĸо
ǰﲻģɶ¶ûСɶ¶ռء
ִռ͵ĸɲҲصȥˣ¶Ҫռ͵Ĺá
극֮󣬺Ǻ糤͵ռͿ˸ᣬ˽ռδķչ
ϾҪˣǶռ͵δЩĵġ
Ͱ֮ǰͶɲ˵Щƻ˵һ顣
Ǹ˵˵綼ͻأ
ͷ
ֲҪɫҪôɫҪôࡣռҲûɶɫֻһ·ҲƣǲԶıط֣Ǳ߿϶иԭϣǺ칫繩Ӧ֮󣬻ԴǱ߲ɹ
Ǹ˲ѣû뵽СⶼҪˣѺ칫ӵķչҲˡ
СհҲģѾصռˣԺ涼չ˵ġֻҪС
ŵҶǶͬ־Ǻġ
λҲռһȷĿˣҲռ͸е
ϾҲ˻ء
ԼڶҪ뿪ˣҲû֮ǰôˡ
¶˽Һ顣
֪ũզҪûĺãǾͼúø졣ҪǸĺˣҲ罨衣θ߿ö˶ȥˣ˶ѶһĲ˵ǽӾȱשġĥڶｨӰשҲʡ൱ڼˡõϿˣٿʼ㹤֡
ûע¶ι˵
ũǱҲιϽ¶
һЩӡ󣬡ʼǲУɻҲԽˡֻⲻũǱһЩˣҲ׼˵¶ûĵز׼Żȥúýġ
ǵаɣǾشӺúø졣´Σֱȥ
ĵͷ
ǻȥʱ˳ȥһũ̳ˡ
һԼؼң棬ɶҪˣܣһԼɲڳϣɫãʱŵסˡ
Це磬ϳɡؼˡ
һؼңٴˣȻڸɲŭĿ֮£սս˳
һϳɲˡΪȥ۶︶۰
ǣɾˡ
ô㣬Ҫٷ¶´ξ⳵
ɶ˵ֱη
ȥ˿ҪúøɻǶأһһڴ
ɪɪ
Ϊũ治ùֹҪɺܶũҸɵĲʱûԵģҪǸҲ๤ֱǡ
ʱ򣬿û
ҿ϶úøɻģ϶úøɻ֤
磬ҶΪáϾռͷһҲΨһһġ
᣺Ψһǹġ
˶̣ˡ
Ÿ³иŴɨˡ
ȻˣɵǿڶءӰڲ
ᱻһ·Ļ˼
иϱǧл֤Ժһῴöӡ
εİɣǶˣٸɶ͵¶ֱȥ
иϱŵøϽܻؼȥˡ
Աߵ˶ֻЦݡ
εЦɶԼǹܺãǧѧǼҵġһӲһ˶ʺˡ
ЦЦ뵽վǿ
ٻӣվǿҲɹ
˰칫ң绰վǿ칫Ҵ˵绰ҡ񡣡
ӵ绰վǿ־ϲ㡭
۵绰Ͳ˵ˣȥƺ쵽ҡȥϸ˵
վǿһ⣬׼ϸ˵绰Ѿˡ
ľһֱ䡭

뿪죬ռ͵֪࿼ϵ֪Ҳѡһ뿪ˡ
ЩøӵĹýӵ϶Ѿˡ
ʵҲһֱ뿪
ҪˣҲһ뿪·иӦ
뿪ʱǺ֪඼ˣֵġ
ǵдŻ̶
ģһᾭ绰ġ
·Ҫעⰲȫ
Ժõ㣬ů㡣
Ҳ
֪ˣҶҪչԼ
޵ռ͵Ů֪ԼĺǣڼҲҪúѧϰԺ󿼴ѧ
ǵļǷѧϰﶼչ˺á
ʱ䲻ˣŲϳ
Ŀˡ
׼õıڵˡ
ʮ廹û꣬ŷŸڣɢһвõģóеƽƽ
ռԽԽԶˣϵ˶¶˲ɫЩԼ龰ô龰кһһŬϰĳ̲סˡ
֪ΪԹĿ࣬ΪЩʱ⡣
ҲʼʱȷʵԹ˿ͷˡһЩȹûζûϣ·ʬһ㡣
꣬ûйҵũƬ˹ףｨĸ
ҺԼһĴ
ԺлᣬҲɡ
ðͬˣǴҵʱ򶼸дţ֯
ЦãԺ֯ô߹·
ȻŸ뿪ҶЩʼˡδٴλصԼ϶ģˣ϶ܳɹ档
ʡǣҲ³ȥ
ȥ֮ǰӵȻһĻ
һģռ֮⣬пϺǴѧϣ⻹׼ؼ҇Nɪһµա
ŴҶˣۿһֱġ
ѹҸΪ˸õǰ̣Ǻ£Ҫˡ
յͷĨ˰۾Ȼ㣬˵ͬ־ôͲءҲûҺͬ־ԸˡҪȻҲһؼˡ
ҲûϴѧҲǿĲã־ԸʱϼҵѧУҲԸⱻʧȥ˺Ļˡ
ҲԼĿǡΪطѧˣ˺ӵʱûչˡڼѧ˰ŴԼ
Ӷһ˼ζû߳ɡ
ϸ˸ŮڻûӡĿǰռʹš׼μӽĸ߿Ȼһسǡ
Ц˸־ͶǸϣƾԼõԼҪĶɡͺ˵ģԼģɶҪȥռôһأҪ˰ɡ
յҲǣԼȷʵá
Ц
˸ۡ
һǰǵĳҶڳ⿴ˡʱʱһЩ⡣
ҲǸ죬һ·ָָġ
˵ּˡʱʱһ䣬ǺǿɺˣƯˡкöģóԵģӰԺܴءϧˣΪ˳ΪһٵĽʦֻܺ˵ټ
ѵΪûѧУ
߳ŭ˭˵ҿˣҾϲϣֻ֪￼ˣŽûߣ
ͬؼ޹ǹϽסԼԴ
ҲʾǺԺҵѧУѧУáҿǿԼһһֿȥġ
˭ǿȥģ˭֪ѧУûѧУأû׼ѧУÿѾЩˣɴתͷֺҶ졣
Ҷͬ־ûһö
յԣûһö
Աŵͬ־
˺ǳվҾ͸ˡ
ٻҶ׼ȥдҸطסţʰʰȥռҡ
ճվͿվǿˣ⻹ٻٻǲͷӣѾһˡ
ˣͺˡ
лҪ˵һֱдǡ


177 
û뵽
绰˵һ, úռи׼, ûصһ˿
, дסˡ
Ҷ, ǾۼҴ󲮴裿
ͷ
Ҷ˹ȥ
վǿҲ˹, ݾֵɣˣҲڵ绰˵һ͹ˣ´ˡ⺢Ժɲô
Ц, , ǵ˴ѧˣҪص㡣
Ҷһ⻹ûأѵ˭أ
ʹ˿ȡ
վǿЦЩһͬ־𣿡
, ǶҵĺӡҶ
ǻòĴкܲ˾ԼЩû
ͻȻϼ, վǿһ˲Щʧ
⻹û׼ء
ǵɲ, ϱס, ûʧ̬ӭǣһȥԷɡ
ٻҲû뵽⻹ϼҵһ
˵ʵڵ, û׼ء
վǿû˵ɶҲû˵ɶһȥ
·˵˼
վ֮ûΪżǱ¶߲վǻˡ׼дţϱֽˡ
ͷûϵ
վǿҲԼӽͣ絥λæ벻˼١ⲻȥԷ϶
ٻڱ˵һ䣬ɩҲǡ
Ҳ󷽣Цȥܼˡ
˴Ժһ˺ƺƵģܶ˿˷ˡֵĴк
ˣǻֱȥ׶˰ɡ
˵¸ɵĺܺðֽ϶дˡ
б£賤ˡ
ЦŵǴӵ֧ҡͬ־Ҳˡ
⺢ӿǫ顣ѹܿôõĴѧءգǼҿǳˡϢ
ǰ磬˭뵽нء
վǿҲЦĺϲ£ˡ
ǸˣΪϢˣվǿֵľ͸ںˡ
ЦЦû˵
ҶǸɶģǲһͬ־
վǿЦЦͷܹȥˣûشֱǽ
ԭΪûˣһ򿪣վڼ⻹ٻϱɫôá
Ƕվſڡ
վǿǶڼŸոҵĽھͱƷˣʱЩŭ
ڼʲôôȥվˣ
ֱӲӣһתͽ
ͺԼվӱϵͲã˵ûСʲôøˡ˵ȥˣһɫС
վռˣôô˰ͬѧ𣿡
ҵĺӡ
ֺҶǽվ
һǶҵĺӣվʱû˴к˼תȥ˲豭ȥˡԼƲǰҲҪάԼеԵн
Ҳ¿ɳûˡ
ǶܵվǿӰ죬ռ͵Щ˴￴ϡᡣǴСɵ˼룬˹ũѧҲƲũ
ѧУҲЩũ񣬴Ŵ򲹶·ù١
ЬҲҶЬɳϡ
ΪҶǣվǿҲЩŲˣùֲڵġ֪ú˵ʲô
վЦŶ˲豭ҵˮˡ׼ڣˮͲú˰ɡ豭òһġ
վǿһĲ豭֮ǰڼù´ɱӣҶǵǹͷƿӡ
ռͦЩͷƿӴˮġ
վεЦͻȻôˣûüҲ豭
żˣҲ豭
һ仰վҲˡ޴Ŵ
ˣ⻹ǿñء֮ǰڼҲùͷƿӺˮûôҲ֪
Ҫ˵ǻҪƲˡ
Ҷʱŭˣզˣءô⻹Ǵ󲮼ңˣҴɶⲻռҵˣͻ治һˡΪ˸գﵱˡռҵķ۸ռˣ
վʱɫʮѿ
վǿɫҲÿͷŲˣڻֵôѿվǻ£
ˣϽվϽȥ豭
ˣۻúأ࣬ۻǼҵĲ豭ءũˣũٶд˶üõĳۿģˡҪǵũ壬ҪָżġҶߵ
ǸԿռһĹûԹܴܶġ
ҲǰԵ㡣ǰ˭Ҳʹġ
Ҳ±ӣɫá
ռҲ֪εû˵վվҲЩڣΪǲ֪ģҲЩԹ֪˵
ˣһõ̸ģڿҲʱˣھͺá
վǿĶͲˣͷˣûɫȥˣϴѧˣ͹ȥһ˭һ˵ӣ˵ʲộʲô˼
Ҷӣ˵ķǼ˵
һڡ
զˣ붯أۼҲֵˡ۶µģռȱľүˡ۸˶
ҶװͰ͵
ֱˣһʱ׼ӡ
ռ˻ǵһνӴˣȫǲ棬˳ϣЩ֪롣

˿ȣ񣬶һˡ
ǺܸжģȻԼҲԿ˻ţҲһɡԼ
ɵЦЦһˡǰҲһˡڼʱ˰ҵһ𣿡
վǿ⻰һ⡣
֪֮ǰͲ²⵽֤ˡ
Թǡ
ٻڵȵ׵Ļˣ˵ˣ㻹ţ
죡վǿӵ
ٻʲô¶˵滰ˣ
ҲвõԤˣǿջЦ˵ʲôأô㵱һˣҲȱʲôеģҲа˵Щġ
Цˣǲȱʲôֻʱû˹ܣȻǹæٻ񣬻վһǱ˭ġҲҶ飬ȱʲôľߣֻƽʱԣܿĺòãһûСҸˣΪ˿ĲãҪǡҲûҡұ۸ˣǴӱ·һۡȻ˵С£ֵһᡣ
ٻĵͷ
վֻˣȻͰ˵Щ飬Թ޼ﰡѵ֪ͼַʲô³ҶûС
ҶЩ¶۾ˡû˵Щ¶ԭڼôҰ
ѹôôܸɣⲻǱƵûָɲ͵ÿԼ
վǿɫЩǵá
ǵãģǸһİŵ׵ģʣµʱĳ
ۣǶûа취顣硭ҪȻԼɣҲҪµġ
Ϊʲôأԭ˿ûѹֻΪԭʳ͵õ𰸵⡣
ԺǸѲĽ飬Ƕ֪ɡ֪Ҷ຦ΪʲôңҲҪƫңٹƽǸһѡĻᣬһƽĻᣬҶκԹԡһ߸˵ıŰԼ·ǿ޷󣬱˷ȥһİĵطҵʱʲô顣Ǿ֪Ҳʲôı䣬ҾǶĿˣǲҲûı˵һˡ
վǿսȭͷЩ
֪ǱģΪ̫
ᣬҲ֪ô͡
ΪԼȷʵûΪСŮǹ
ҲۺӣԼĺӣȻۡƽʱԺҲ
ѡǰѡˡ
˸վûи֮⣬ΪҪվǿһչǰ޵ĺӣΪʲôͲչǰĺӡ
Щӵ˼ͣû
վǿ˿㵱ߵʱ򣬲Ҳúõ㵱ʱ˵ȥТ˳̣˵ôҲţʱߵĵĹŮʵԹǵġ
Ц˵ǷãʱҿʵСϾһֱԼֻǸߣͥϵӽܵĹ߶ѡһӣǼˣɲǷ𣿡
վǿʱԶԡ
Цһգʱûֻ֣Ϊ֪ûκôΪԼҲˡ֪زҲںݡҲǣ¿ʼˡ
˵ֿ꣬ҶǣҲȷʵ¿ʼˣԼļˣүү̶Һܺãҵ׹Ůһһֵܣһ㣬ܻҡ
Ҷֱͦˡ
ΪµļˣҲԹˣ˵ٳΪһˣҲܡλغҾ˵Ժǣǡ·ϼˣҲٴкȻҪʱҵһݣҲӱܡ
ֱӿ޳ô˵Ƕǹȥˡһֱ취һ׼֮ѹλء
վվ˵˵ǲôɵģ
վ鸴ӵĵͷʼ벻ͨôɡ
վǿɫ࣬촽Щ
ƽʱƢ뷴ѵͼϵŮôŮء
ˣǵģƫĶӣǣҲǾˡҲûŮ
վ֣Ҳ벻ұϾǺѧġ
վǿĶʱһ¡
Ȼ㲻һү̶ֻ֮ҲֻꡣòøϣҲûɶ֮Ҳ᲻ϵġҾˣԺ飬ռдϵҡǻҵġǿǧңæɲڡ
˵žʹҶߡ
ҶվصĺһҪ׼ܵӣҪһ˸ˡ
治Ҫ
ʲô˵֪ˣġһֱֲЩ
һֱ취ȣԺϣ
˵߾ˡ
񻻺ЬӣԼָָվıŮ
˵ˡ
׼׷ȥģվǿŭȥ
գˡҪˡ
վǿһ۾ˣסֳȥ˶Цȥ˵žԼ˷
лҪ˵ôôգ


178 
Ǵӽŵ, ûһСʱʱ䡣Ժ˻ռҵ, ˵ϴѧ, վǿӸжཾԺ
׼Ϣ֮, ȥռѧ飬ԼҺӹҲܿϴѧ
⻹ûһСʱ, ˾ͳˣҴСģҪֱ˰ŵļɫãӻǷʲôˡ
ϱʵŸջôҪ߰û԰ɡ
, ҴҸȥ㶫, ѧУҲҪѧˣߡ
ҶɲɶЩȿˮ, °ǼұŪˡùͷƿӸۺˮҪǳԷֻµԼץ

ҡҡͷҶǾˡ
һ, Ժϴ·ժ˵˾ۿˡ
ԭЩݰ, ռƲˣ
ùͷƿӸ˺ˮô飿ȻҲϲŴ, ¶ҲػػҪóԺúȵĸߵġôϲӹҪҪȻȥˣҪҪˡ
վڴڿ, Ķɫʮѿ
ٿԼ裬ڿޡ
ҲһͷﷳĲˡ
ٻ񶼻ȥˡٻϱֻã趼ʲôöɣԼĹŮˣԺôҡ
ٻͷͲ˵䣿ҰôˣôЩ껤ҡ
Ҳ˵ˣǸ裬Ժáһˣ뵱ҡҲ˭ֲšŮҿԺô졣ͷһμôɵŮˣԼĹŮҪǲɵҲûӹˡԵĶֵģҲǷġԺҲù
ٻû˵ʲôˣҲûʲô顣
վǿһڷĴڳ̣ŵյűֽ
źĹŮЦ֣šڼʱȫһġ
֮ǰһֱǲ˵ģͷ˭ûЦ
ڼûʲôڸС
û⺢ôЦ
⺢ոջǰּЦɫָƫġ
ûƫģԼҲϡҲǹƫĵģǰµġû軤ţԼֵܲ˺裬ͱɺˡôչˣܲ
˭ҲǺúӵġһͥĸֻɲˣԺͥŻԽԽáŮҲ˳ҪȻվΪʲô֪ٻ񶼲ϲƽأǲΪҪҳżվס
վǿűֽŬΪԼѡ
ͻȻԱվŵ
һ룬ͺ͸ո뿪ռҵغˡ
Ҳϴѧˣ
λվôã϶ҲǿҲǺѧУ
վǿһ˲ػһġȻԳЦ
ƲĶܣȻ˸ѧ
Լǧ
ͿֿЦӡգôˣӣ˵Ǹô졣ܲܲˡĽ᲻ܲ⿪ĸȻƫˣǸҲУ˵
վǿֽһ˦˵ʲô
һôˣҷʲôƢ̸Ů飬ǿǵĹŮ
վǿô̸ڼʱôԴģƫ۶ƫ֨ˣ㻹ҡһô費ίأ˵Щ¶ĵϵ㿴㶼ʲô
ЩָĻˣеվǿ㲻Ҫ
ĺƫģԼأ㲻ҲƫٻƫģôͲƫˣһ˵ĺҲŮ㵱ôأôŸλͲǺܴǾǴѧôŮ˵ˣǲ
վǿӲŲӷǼޣ
ôˣ˼ҵôˣǼҵû磬úˣиʲôãһڵλԻȣһڻڱ̧ͷϱҵ˸쵼ҿˣ쵼ˡվǿޣ
סڣվǿ߳ŭĺ
ǱŮֱָɷ˦ͱˡƽʱһ»סҲ̲סˣ޺˰ɣĴ˵ƫģСҲûܹҺô·ֵʲôƨûУ
վǿȭͷɫ졣
޿̣һȭͷߵǽϣʹ˼֡
Ҳŵˣһ仰Ҳû˵ˡһ˴ޡ
վǿҲץ˰ͷ
ԣûǶƫġ
ʵԼҲ֪Լƫġǰû֣Ƕֱ׳Լû
ֻû뵽һҲûлתĻˡ
ӳˣԼˣҲҪǵĹˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã
۾׵û취𣿡
ʲô취˵˵ʲô˵Ҫˣ㻹ô˵˵ϲǣǺͺһˣЦˡ
վǿڴϱӸԴ
ҲնĿǽڡ
Ժ󣬾һŮˡ
Ҷֱ˸дס
ѵһκǣյҲûкúϢܲټŸϳɴϢһ죬Ȼںǹ䡣
ҶȻˣǺܵġ
֮ǰռ˵Щ֮һֱͬСʱ
뿪ռû¶һĸǰŵ׵ģֻӲš
ͬ־Ҳ˵ֻ̫࣬Ҷͨ
źд֮ҶͰο񣬡񰡣ѹǶ㡣Ժ㣬˭Ҳ۸㡣
ЦΪ·ֱ
Ȼⷽԭ򣬵ҺãҾͻỤġҶʮ
ӲãԼҲϡ˭ãҲ֪ġ
˭۸ҰǲòġǶСʱ¶ˣҶˣʵö඼ûˣǹô˵ǵġʵԭļ䣬ľ顣ֹ磬ͬʱʹ;ѹˡ
Ҷģ
ģ㿴ӣǴС۸𣿡
ǻ治񡣡ҶͷˡЦϢһȥɣһûء
ںǴ͵뿪ˡ׶ѧȽ磬ǵǰȥ
̤ǰѧгЩڴҲЩ־
ϣܹڴѧ⼸ѧɼһδѧ
Ҷվվ̨Ż𳵿ˣﶼܡ
Ҷ۾ˡ磬˵ɶʱ
´θ߿ʱɣ߿ʺǾͷżˡûĳɼ˵Ҫûϣô족

ĳ̣ŵ׶
׶ûнִ裬׶վŵӵζҲľʷĸо
߳վľַһı䡣
񻹺ãԼ¡ȴǵһγԶİĵطͼ
㣬ԺǾѧϰ𣿡
ţ
гǣС㳡ءйʹ
š
㣬á
ЦŵͷǾͺúȡܹһֱȥоС
ͷ˵۾ð⡣
ҲԼȥѧУ߾ѧУ˵ʦͱصѧ
֪Ҫֱˣͦ£㣬һ
ʦЦҪҪȥʦҪΪѧͲˡ
һ죬æòãԼȥ˵žͱǱˡ
ǼʦԼ¼ȡ֪ͨ顣
ѧһλ̣ǩˣЦŵͬѧӭļ룬ǻᰲѧУġ
ЦллʦҲżԶȼλͬѧһͬѧܡ
Ҳáʦѧͦ¡
ں˸λĵˡǼһѧѧȥѧУıѧ
źʹ죬˼Ҿϳˡ
ϱֽλɣռ񡣡
һ̷Ůѧ
¶죬Щ˼ĵͷĵû뵽ϸֽˣô
Ǻá
ѽҸվ;졣֣ˡ
ʦҲˣϱֽλǡ˵֪أô϶ӳˣ
Աͬ־ҡ
ʦЦôѧ˲𡣡
ѧҲһ
ԼѧҪؼô˵ϴѧˡͬΪѧͬʱҲŵ㾴
лҪ˵˵ôô


179 
ƽʱѹ, ɼĺô, ֳˡ
, ԱֽϢġ
ֱȫֽ, ͲдϡǺˡˡ
óԼύ˵ֶΣԸϤ, Ը˽ѡ
ΪҾãͺѣԼҲǸĺˡ
ڵ˵ѧʦ˵ռ͵һЩ顣
֪Լ֪ʶ, һ쳧, һѧѪڵġ
ҵôû㰡Ҿȥһ꿼ˣһʲôûɡȥһΡ
̷Ůź
, а׷ѣ˺ˮƬϣƬ֪ȥ
⻰Щɿ, ͬ翼ѧһᡣ
˵⻰˵ȥ, ӡˡòϹֽ, ˵طɲˡ
ʹһ֮󣬾ΪѧУ顣ƽʱæϰˣһ, ܾṳ̂ʵϣΪѧУһ
ѧæ⵱ȻǼ¶
Ϊ˸ſѧθ߿æЩѧҲǱصǰѧУѧŹæġ⿿ѧУʦͲ
ѧʦ㲻Ϥ·
ȷʵϤڵ׶ҲûܣͬѧҪѧҿԸָ·ǰ
Ҳãһͷʦкһٷ
ɻܷЦŵͷҲû
˼ҶԣҪǲԣǾǲȺ
ֽ˼صѧʦͰһѧȥѧУˡ
˶վȥͣҪһĸʲôġ
ʦЦԺһѧУˣûᣬοȥ
ͷһкĶ̷Ů˵վˣİ
ߣҴȥѧУ
뿪վŵԭпǲǻһԮ
԰ҵܵܽԮοүүǿԮսߵģ֮ǰźľҰֻûȢӣûһ
Բ𡣡
οЦûʲôҰ˵үүߵĹ٣ԺҲҪ̳־ϧѧĿƣܱˣҵܵڲʮ꣬Ҳ֪Ժ·ء
иҵΪףǹٵġԼóͺá
ǰҵʱʵҲһɾ͵ģϧûʲô¡
ο
ЦԺһѧУŬѧɾ
οЦŵͷ
ֺѧʶһ£ǴȫģȻƣǶЩ緢
һֻӳⷽٵơ
֪д󲿷˻ûţġ
ЩĴѧȷʵӳⷽˡ
վѧУЩ룬ѧУҲûרͣҪԼġοǮƱһϹ͸ָ·ߡ
·ߣֺԺ·ȷʵȫһ
Ͼδ¹滮ġ
ѧУһ˱ȡѧȽ϶϶ԼԼġ
ѧǵǶ顣ǰѧ¥¿ˣŴһ֡
Щеѧǣﶼůůġ
治һδѧˡ
͵¥£οˣǺ񽻻ϵģס¥϶¥ҡϵѧ¶
һʶôĳŮͬѧҲ֮ϲЦŵһ
οЦˡ
ס¥ÿе㣬ҪȻȥ
ò׵˿
ǿŵģ߽ȥѾĸˡʰͿ顣
˹
Цá
һų黨ڱ߳Ի߿ֵ䡣վѽˡ
ͬѧѽ
Цŵʡġ
ϰǻġһһҲͦԵְ
ǧᡣ
黨Ц߹
ͬѧҲæ
ָָΨһһմǸ̡
ܶ˽Ūˣϲ÷㡣
λ黨̴ְ
ллм
ôĵѣҲѧʱڵһ¶
лʲôҿɱǶû׼Ҫһϴء
ԱһѧͷŮѧЦž꣬ɱƭˡŶʮ壬뵱㡣ţһȥˡ
һڵ·Ķ̷Ůѧϴ˭뵱͵ɣǲġԶᡣ
ɣҾ˵ϴ㡣ž˵
ɲ԰㣬ûڿ𣿡
һ̵Ůõ̧ͷ
ģЩ壬沿Щ߰
˿һۣûˣøʲô͸ʲô
žͼ̴
˶ֽģ̺ܿˣֿʼ·
ž˹ӣһȵѽ·ûС
񣺡ǰУμûеġ
ۼû·ûСž̾
ߵ·ߵѧʲôģ
ѧѧ־Ըʱ˵ѧѧô׬ǮģҾͱˡ
񣺡
бִһЦ
žЩԼɵӣϲЦɵ
žһЦˡ
淭˵㡣
ʰö֮ͺʹҽһ£ͨԼԺϵҽ񣬻ʡˣҶʮˡǾѧרҵ
ҲǾѧרҵģžֻˣҲΪǮ𣿡
ҲǣֹԼһҪߵһǮ
žЦɱĴ󡣡
žϵõţֶЦˡ
ҲԱһ¡
žǻˣʮ꣬ͬһרҵţʮ꣬ѧϵרҵģֶʮ꣬ϵӢרҵġ
¥λģʼû˵
ʣµĻλ˵ǳȥϤѧУˣҲû
óԼزʹҷռ͵Լӡ
žҲû߸˵ĳԡ
ţԼİɡ
ţߵʱ򣬶͵ġ
󷽡ߵʱʲôûͣŸ˼ˮ󼦵ž
ЦмԻð
ǲ˵Ǹζž̾ζ
ôһζ
ſˮƿ˽
֪Ժˣ׼кͷһŮž꣬óֵֹĶ˰ɡ
ž졣
ҵġҪ𣿡
˿ƺһ£ȻתûˣԼˮƿû˵ˡ
ҲεĿȻû˵Ȼ˹ϵǱȽϺõġ
ƣ֪᲻ܺгˡ
֮ڲг
ûϵĺˣҪĥϵġ
ϢһţҲȥˮ컹ůͣȥˮûˡˮƱǱʱͷġˮҲѧУġ
Լ죬ȻҪŴһҲˮš
뿪ˣţŸ˶׶صģиɲŮŮţǶǴСسģֵǴǶʡʡģǲǽһ
Ϊ˵žǴũģһмɷ֮󣬶ž̬Ⱦͺܲá
žֹ۵ʲôҲ˼˰ǲǣȷʵҲ
ţûˣʲôˣʲôϵǲ֪˼伲СŮ


180 
ţ񡣡, ǲǺܹ֣
뿴ǲǺЩһ
Ŵ, ֪ž¶֮, ͱ˸ɫˡ֮ǰǼҲһ, ž껹ǳԶ˽֮Ͳζˡ
Ȼŵϴ, С棬վǰ汣˵ġ
žˣǴˮôЩء
˶Ҫɳ, ȱٵǵۺͼֵۻ졣Щ, ҾԺҪǱó㣬ֱˡ֪һ˱ľ˵ı, ǵ˼ӸԴϾǴģ
Цôɲ
ҲЦ, ϰ, ǰӸɲ
㻹Ӹɲž꾪ȵ
ͷ, ֪ǿûֽʹ󷽷İռϱֽ¶һ¡
ӡֽ˵¶
ԭ㰡, ҪҺͼ˵ˣ϶ܾϲЦ
úᵱˣǹȥˣҪͷʼԺָ̡
ǿɲԺǾǱ˭ѧĺˡţҲ˿Цҿϴ㣬Ҫѧϰġ
οɲˣ㶢ͬѧٴѧˡ
Цජţල
ž˲ѣѧðʶá
һ߸˵Ĵˮصһȥʳô򷹳ԡˣҶûᡣ
Էʱ˵ԼҪȥ칫񹤵¶ˡ
Ҳţҵ¶ѧУڿæˣҪæſѧֶ
ţ֮ǰû磬ҪǶҲû˼ȥᡣ
ǻҪ˰æ𣿡
֪ҽȥʦҪ֪ͨǡ
áҲҵɣҴҲû˼
˷ȥ칫ʦˡ
λڳվʦѾ˷ڰ칫Һһλʦӡ
ˣӡ󣬡ͬѧ
ЦʦҶʰˣﹱһ
Һʦ˵¶ˣѧУмţǾſڵţЩѧԼģǾͰ·οѧˣҲŽӴһ¡·
ɲǿЦѧУûԺô󣬵ҲԲСһߴˡ
һţʦмͬѧҲͬѧǡ
ʦȣм
ĥŴһͬѧ֣ôǰһͬѧĻﻥ
УǶŹʦˣΪѧУˡֶ࣬ܶ鶼æ
˵ּ֮󣬻ʦ˺Ǽһ¡ԺͰ쵱ķƱԹˣѾûˡ
۾¶ԲԷν
ѸٵܻẰţ
ʦȥ칫Ҹɻء
ţ˵Ҫ˰
ǿɲŵġǸϽȥ
Ҳ󣬸Ͻȥˡ
Ǽģ
Ǹһļ飬ѧ࿴˿֮ǰ˵žǸѧֹҲ֪ʦΪʲôǡ
Ÿָ·¶治ɣͬ־ãŮͬ־ٲûðæһ
һ¾;ˣѧУʳȥһƳѧ˼ͯһ·˰ȥһš
Щ˽ѧУ۵ûţ״棬ҲһŮӰôƣҲһơ
Ϊóɣһ·ϻ˼죬ཻ
˶ˣʶͬѧȻû´μҲܴк֡
ԼС¼Щ˵רҵҺšȻԼҲ˼ңʲô¶ң졣ʶöءҲûƭˣȷʵʶ˺öˡ
ЩǼܰѧУɻóӸƶҲûɣôѰͬѧύҲԿĻϵʽ
ˣһһˡ
ɶǱջ񰡡
˽ϵʽÿһİطϰߡһЩ;Լˣеˡ
֮ԾİΪû˰ôࡰˡˣǾطˡ
Ժиʲô¶ģܻﻥ
֮ȥǩ֡
žҲˡ⼸λʵʵĸණˡ۲š
ǩ֮ʵ컹𣿡
϶ž˵Һͺöͬѧ˵ˡ
ţҲɵˣͷ
첲Щۡ
žЦһȥࡣ
ֿ񣬡۲ۣȥҲࣿ
ڰ֣ˣʳȥ˸ƵģһƵġ

аԼצҲʰ㡣
Ͻ㿪ˣһ裬һ衣
Ϊ̫ˣ˷Ҷû˵ˡժ۾˰
ֻͷһһ£񡣡
ţ߲Ųӱ߿ôˣ
ҡҡͷ
ܲ˵ôôɡ
찡ʶôãŸ۾ȻûԼͬѧĿǺÿ
Ǹ߰Ŀȸÿˡ
ž굹ֱףˣֱӵôô
˶һۡ
۾˲һߺĻش𣬡Ϊүү̳úÿŴˡô˵ġ
žЦ
˻عͷȥ̲ס͵͵ĿһȻŮӣǺÿˣ˭Ҳϲ࿴
Ͼ˶õǴŵǿŶĿġ
֪Լƾһͬעˡ׶һ죬Ϊֱ̫ۣ˯ˡ
Ժţø绰ƽ
ڶʱ̵̰壬ͻȻЩѧ˰
һͼææԼʰˣžǴ˸кͳȥˡ
ѧУд绰ĵطʱ涨˵ʱ䡣
ϽӰ칫Ҵ˸绰
ǲ˽ˣռӰ칫ҡ
绰ͷ
Ц磬ҡ
񰡣ôѧУϰϰߣĺòã
һˡ
ЦˣһжáϢһϾ͸Ǵ绰ƽˣô𣿡
أˣ֮۶յ֪ͨ飬һҶӵģһǳͬ־ģȥר顣Ҷӵʰˡ˵кñȥ˾кñˡ
ҲþϲҶúѧɲҪӵܰ
˵һˡ
ЦͻȻЩռ͵ˡ
ﶼ𣿡
ã꼸ﶼֲˣԸֶҲ˵ȡĻʲ˵ͳӦ￪͵꣬˵͵׬Ǯˣͳ¶أ׼ҹæ
ԣʵڽˣ͸дš
ûֻ治㡣
лҪ˵
Ҿ㡣дˡ


181 
绰, ȥʳý賵, ʳҪܶ˵ķ, ƽʱҲҪˮ֮, СƳ˼֮ǰҲҪá
ͳŵʮ֮ǰ黹극֮󻹻ʳͶ
ѧʳù
ʳõʦͺڸɻİһԾ
ʳõĹɲɡ
ǻ࿴, ͷ
Ƕڿˣƽʱڼɻϰ˵ģ֤ܸɻ賵ҪΪ˰ǸѧУܰһѾͰһѡ
ЩСﻹͦġ
ڵĴʦʱ, ߵ, ͬˡʮ֮ǰһҪ
æӦˣǩ־̨Сϳ
ţ˵УǲϤ, ˼ǽ趫
ʲôҵģڶѧУ, һͥ, ﻥ극ɻ, ҿɲܵˣ˵Ҫ㻰
žұ֤, Ҳۡ
ҲͷȻڼɻ٣˶ɻҲϺȡ
Ц۸ɻҲ׸ɣҲˣؼǳʳûˣ׻˵˺ð£ʳûˣ۲Կû׼ԺǴʱ򣬶ء
һ㶣Ц
ţ㿼ǵĻͦࡣҲڿ죬Ҫǻ˱ˣ϶
էĲôԺӹĺء۲¸ɻ࣬ûɡнǿϢѧûмֻͥܿԼŬˡ
һŬ˸Ժȣ飬ѾİˣҪкõǰֻ̣пԼŬǸҲȷʵŬ˳ɼûҵͻһҴҵƸãŲƵĹʣһЩܵѧˡ
⻰˵Ŀˡرž꣬ԵĿ˭ࡣ
һֱֹۼ֣ܶôõǰ̡ȻҲʶ˺ܶˣɷǸˡ֧ѧ׷롣Ϊü˹ϺӣҲҪڴѧŬ
ԺҪѧϰҪø㡣
ңǰڼ˻ţͻ飬ûı¡ֲ˼
ţЦϴҲռˣѧ
ǾһŬŽǾ޴ġ˵
֪ԼЩѶвŻҪȻҲѧҲڿ죬ϵļӾ֪ˡΨһǷȱľһǰľġǺģỷˡֻҪǵҲǾ޴ġ
ϣܹջһͬѧѡΪδҵϵֿѺͻ顣Դ¶ҲǱȻҪġ
СƳѧУһ羰ˡ
ƳȻСЧʺܸߣһ·Ͽ԰ЩһҲѧŻཻϢһԵ
ѧֻ꣬ܲʶԼǼʮѧǶû˼
ѡĻˣѡ־ͬϵͬѧ
绹һŷƱȥʳóԷƱҪԼġҲǽʡ˵ˡ֮ǰʱžţԼʳѧУƱˡ
극֮ȥʳʰΣϴɰѺЩڴʦͰǸˡ
ǻΪѧֻءɻͦҲͦڿġ
𳴴˵Ŵʦ̣˳ǡ
Ȼˣʵ컹ɻ
Ц춼Ҫ賵ǸɻɵĲðɣʦǸǧ߰
Ա߰ݷ÷ͲİЦɵôã˭߰ѣôǷ˼ء
Ŵʦǣʳƽʱ򷹵ʱ򴰿Ҫ˵ģеģǿû뷨
⻰һ㶣ˡֵҲ⣬žϲţҲ˵Ŀžꡣ
ЦУ뷨
ŴʦͷҪһˣԼŰ졣¿֮ˣҲǵġѧϰࡣҲûãܺڵ˵˿Ǯһ¡ٷ
⹤ʿ٣Ҫǰ˰һҲֻһʱ䡣
ѧǴӺ͵λ֤ģ֤ѣѧУ쵽ǲֽģʳ÷ƱƱֿۣһҲֿ࣬۱׼еʮ飬еʮ飬ʮ顣
ǴѧľƷɶҪǮġ
ԼѧУҪѧѣȻҲҪġ
ǲҪģĿǰǴнѧûǶôչˡҲҪ˫ְͥţسǵģ֪࣬û飬ԼеΪ磬Ҳ֧Ԯѡ
뿪ʳã˾ˡ
ʾԼѧϰأҪæŽύĺͬѧæ
ֵҲУòǴӡ
ţҲңһ˻û飬ʱ䣬û׼͵͵Ĵ󡣡
ž˴֣ҿԸɡͦġ
Ƕ˿ҿţҪȻۻúʳýһƬģ۾ܾˣͲÿˡ
žЦҲȷʵҪһݹ˵ÿ¸ҼѡǶɷĸ˲Ųġ׬ǮĻȥԺǮⷿӣɷӹ
ʱţԺҵ׬ǮĹˣƼ˸ɡ
šž˵ĵͷ
˵ĹȻûֻҪһ㣬ܵõԼҪġ
ͺһʳøɻˣ͵õһݹᡣ
æ죬æꡣ
ΪǸɻзִ磬ʦˣѯǹٰܲæӭһΪһµҲҪУġ
ɻ¶ҲûѡȻʦҲûŵʲôôҲƽЩ
ʦ񣬡ͬѧѧϵĳ½ҹˡ⼸æ˵æˣȥѧϵ
½ڡ
黪ڡ
ʱ۾ϲʦ
ǵȥʦ
ͷ
뿪죬ţҲûôʶ½ڵġϾÿ˶Լ˽¶ܲԼ˭˵
ûɶ˵ģͺ˵˳½ڵ
žԣ۾һ졣
ţļֶҪȥҳ½𣿡
Ц̫ͻȻˣȥ׼زȥ
ϣһԼĶ
ŪɹɵҰɽⶼ˵ġڶ˵ֵǮڳȴҲǸϡ
ֲԵۣҲõó֡
ʰʱصѧʱʱĿ
һֹӡ
˾ЩĽǿ
񳤵úãҲáѧϵıֽ֪Ǹˡ⼸ִžǰѧУ£ķģЩغӣҴţѧУתЩˣύһ¡
ϾһҵģҲûʲôìܡ
ǶҲǶֻ֮ǰž̶꣬ԺžϵõҲԶ˼֡
ǾԼӪ
֮ǰǼͬͬģûʲôᡣʰ׼ȥˣҲųȥˡ
ţۣҡͷЦЦ顣
棬׼ȥҳ½ڣͱ˺סˡ
ͷһǲ͵ıѧ
ŶβĽơ
عͷۣҲû⡣⼸͸о⼸һ˵û˵ӣҲûᡣӲѺõѣȥǡһΪκìܣõİ취ǿ󣬵ǱԼʱʲôìܶС¶ˡҲȥʲôìܡ
¶𣿡
εĶ˶촽ͬѧҾǶһҵģЩᡣ
ʲô᣿
֪Ǹžͬѧ𣿡
֪ͷø֪Ķ֪ˡ
ĳɷ֣Ҽͥļͥ
üͷʲôɷֲɷֵġ
㲻֪ƾȵԭǳϾţΪ˻ɷ֣ż޸ɷģҪȻΪʲô޸һмأ
лҪ˵˵


182 
ƼǸɲͥ, ־м˼ĸɲܵĽǶڽ׼ҪԶ, Ҫ
֪ž֮, ܲϲ
ţֻΪƲžͽ, ʵϸҪĳɷ֣ԼΪڸǳɷּ˵ΪֱǴײĽ׼ˡ
ֵ, żҵĶȥũܸĸĸǽǡ
ľô֪ġ
Լ˵ġ
²ǸѧУžһͺ˽˵ˡ
Ȼ˵϶ô˵ģԼ΢һ£ƽʱžżҵ, Ҳ³ˡ
ҲǸҵ, ž¶ھƸӵ½ˣõżҵİžżһǺܸмġҲǼ˵¶ںͬѧ˵ǰʱ, ܻ䡣
ԼСѧͳУиǱ˭Ҳû۸˸, ĳɼǸСسһ, û˻˵ΨһһεĴҲڴѧ
˱˵л¶û衢Ŵ, 鶼ǿŴ˽Ӽã·ôǸ
ⱾҲʵ, ǴЩ˵˺ܲһ
ȻҲмЩ˶ĴѸٳɳˡֻܻһʱδ·ҪȱߵĸѣҪ¸ңŬ
֪Ϲֽ㵱ɲӦúн׼
ͬѧ군ˡ
ƣңôˣ
֪֪ΣաĿһۣ־ߡ
ƸϽ׷ȥôΣˣҰ趼ǸɲôΣˣ
ǸɲǾ͸Σˡ࣬ڱ˵ҿɲ뱻ۡԼú÷ʡɣҲȥٱ㣬˵ʲôʲôԼ
˵ӿ첽ߵʮּƶˡ
ƣ
ѧܳʵôˣ˵ʲôˣʲô
˵ҺΣաһĪΣˡ
Ůѧҡҡͷһ̷ŮҪҪԺˣôŰɡ
Ƶҵ֪ΪʲôҪô˵Һ˵˵ĺ˵ҲŻҰ
ؼԼرë
ǵģƾʲôôŻ˰
Ʋ˵ֹ
񻹾ŻģԼŻҲоݵġֻȹⲻ˵Լȵһʱ˵
ֲ֪˼伲̧࣬Ƥӿ˵ˣҲǺϲ
ѾǷŵ˵ˡǲˡ
ѧôΪ꣬Ҫѡ˰
һңŻƶ׼ġ
һ·߸˵ģ͵ѧϵİ칫¥ˡ
ÿ⼸ѧУæӭѧţǼѧУ߱ˣˣܱһЩŻεҪϤѧУˡ
˰칫¥¥£¥µ·ʳ黪ĸ칫ҡ
⼸Ҳ񾭳ѧָ·Ժϵ֪ǸѧУµѧҲָ·ͷˡ
˵л¥ܡ
ΪϽڣ½Լİ칫ңæ̰
ΪҪʼѧˣöûվڴѧ̨ϣܵԼĲá
ռ͵Ľ̨ˡ
ѧǡ
ţʦ
½ԣ̧ͷȥ˷Լ۾򣬿ſڵ֮󣬸˵վˡ
Цʦɱʲôˣǵѧ
½ЦƺȽСһţռˡοĿãûʧ̫˸ˡ
źҪǺЩͬѧ־Ըûãܿء
½ڵѧ˳ɼ֮⣬Ҫȷѡ񡣼ֿԼ־Ըá
׼ٲμһεĸ߿ҲҪһˡ
½ڵǺúӣǿϴѧҺ˻ˡã컹Һһ
˵Ҳ𣿡
ڻѧȥˡסǾߡˣȥǶԷҿкЩҪ̸ء
ҲûʦˣҾ͹
½ںڵĴǲģ֮ǰķӻˣУ԰С¥ôĹʡ
½ڵĶϱͶڱʯͽ裬ߡ
ӹҲ
Ϊд񣬳½ڿɰѼĺöóˡȻлȡʿˮˡ
̰ԣȻӦҲû취
һҲˡѧУӵ绰֪СҪԷϻġ
ˣҲǺܸˣҪһС
ʦǶɣҪǺӰϿΣѧԹˡ
ҾûôڽƱ
½ڵôûаǰռͣһڶ춼ûϿΣЦˡ
ڣ
ǰҲǲƵģ·֮ڷƣ˵һǧƶҲռ֮л˾ͳһΣûЩһζҲϲˡ
Ʒȷʵá
˺ˣԲ˱ףѵõطꡣ
ںͳ½ھ뿪֮ˡ
ռ͵֮˶˲ѡرҶҲʦˣ½ڻЦΪ̹Ҷ֪Ҷΰ־ΪҶ顣
ĿȻΰ󣬵ǹǼģҲǺõġ
ϾУҲûҪˣôԼһ·
̾ǺӿǵġôأҪǵ˻һָܼ
Ǻӿǿ֮ġ
¼ȡĲ
ʱû󣬶Ҳϲרҵͺ
½ڵ˵Ĳ㻪ģ㻹ܽˣżˣҲָָ㡣
ڵͷ˵һżҡҲڵĲŻȻ󣬵ԺлǿԿġ
ϲѣ˴ѧѧҵˣʦָ㣬Ǿ̫аˡ
ллʦʦǷˡ
½ڵϧѧǾѧʵҲָ㲻ˣҪȻ෽㡣
ٺЦЦʦҪָ㣬ҺƤҲָġٶѧѧ
ڵӢдûģǺרҵıǲܶࡣʦǳѧˡԶὲţˡ
½ЦǵȻû⡣Ҫѧˣһܸӵ㹤ϰһ¡
ʲôϲˣ׬Ǯܶˡ
Ŀǰȱٷ˲ţӢﻹ治ԽһЩ򵥷빤ԺӭҲҪ˲ŵġ
һˣ
ڵͷҲһˣȥ·ݣ׼㸣ʡڶ⾭ûʵߣڽ⿪šҪǺضҲҪó̸ģδĻǹġ
Ϣϲֻ֪һЩıʱΣڴ֮ǰһЩС仯ǵò
ռͣܶϢûӴ
Ȼ׶á
ΪãԷûԶ٣ֱˡ
½ڸװ˻ȣȥ˳ԡ
԰סҲҺ⡣½ڽ
Ըֹ޶ȵĽܱ˵İżԸѧϰ˵ѾʮѵˡЦʦʵĻҵȻҲϲѧľҲܱ󰡣һҲ⼸ءҵҵĴѧġ
ͬѧô
緢һȺ־ͬϵĺꡣǼõҲӰ塣
ʱƷлģװƬĻ⡣ҶϴϴĿ飬Ϊ쿪ѧ׼
Ž˯ŵĶ֮⣬ҶЩ΢ķӦ
ӦƣڻرΪʲôҪ˵Щ
Ȼһûţǹʡ
ΪѧʳóԵȵĻ١ζҪˡ
ÿ˼һСƬͷҪȥˡ
統˳ԡ
ţ򴽣ôõĶһԣҲȣҲܷ졣
Цֲ֡
лҪ˵ŵ


183 
ʽϿεһ, ˶, ľˡ¥ĹųĶ顣
׼, ˮˮ, ֱˮˢϴˡϴ֮ѸٵȥϿΡ
Ŷӵѡ
, ָ˼ˣ֪ǰˮ
ƽʱŲæĶ˶࣬οϿ, µˡҪǾḻ֮ǰϴѧ, ﻹԴϴּأá
ţЦúʶ̫ˡ
ǶһϵģȥԵϵȥϿΡ
ž굹Ǻͬ·
һ߿, ϵҲࡣϵľѧרҵһࡣһġ
ʱѾ˺ܶˣҴ󲿷ֶ
ʱڵĻܹлѧǱŮࡣԺٴλصλ, ץ֮, һҪץ, øŮĻᡣ
Ϊ֮ǰӭ飬԰ϻкܶѧ죬ϵϢġ
, ЦŴк
ЦԺͬѧˣѧϰͬ
ûƬ̣ʦͱһϹˡ
λʦ߸ݵģҲܴ
˾ͿʼԼݺ
λǰʦοʦǰϵĸԱĸߴңԼһٵĹũѧΪѧϰڼ죬Уν̡
鲢ï˵ѧǶôĲףпѧĴųˣǶôѵõĻᣬôϧĻᡣ
һ˱λʦˡ
ȻҲиͬѧ͵Цˡ
ʦʮλЦͬѧش⡣
λЦͬѧæʦһ˰ΧЦˡ
ʦЦ˵ΪʲôҪЦ˵ܿЦ𣿡
Ȼǣ˵ɣѧȹũѰɣ˵ũСѧȥأǴѧԼһһֵĿġ
ЩտȫУĲǣе
ǰŹũѧԼˣҲƲϹũѧˡʢ˵ľˡ
ʦʱˣ˵˵֪ǵʱ¼ȡ֪ܳɼ㣬ȴѧŵʹ֪Ϊũѧ˶Ŭʲôֻ֪֪Сѧũ֪ũҲһȺѧ𣿡

ž꼤ľ֣ʦҶҵҲũһֱûлᣬֱ죬ҲлᵱϴѧҸлڵߣʮϧεĻᡣ
ԣλͬѧ˵ĺܶԡʦɫָž꣬Ҫѧϰ־ʲô֡
ž꣺ңҽžꡣ
žͬѧ𣬺ܺãԺǰϵѧϰίԱˡ˶ѧϰ
ž꣺
ȫͬѧ
Ͻͷơ
ҲŹǸλʦһˡ
ƺúЩ˼뻹ûʲô˵ģʦҲϻˣֱӵ˸ոЦļѧȥα
⼸ѧҲͦйվֱͦ˾߳˽ҡ
ٺһЦ۸ǣǿɲɵͬѧϴʳýƳˣҲȥ衣
һأЩʳô˵ĿˣֻϲŮѧ
Ǿ˵ͬѧýġҲ֣ͷɲѡ٣ͶһƱļôСǿ϶ûˡ
ԣôɡ
ȥ賵
Ƴƣ⼸ѧˣһϹҲʱ㣬Ч൱ˡ
ʦȿۣЦһ£ֹ
Ѹٵķ˿α֮ʦָǽѧУĹء̧ͷŴѧϰ֮ףҪΥѧУ涨Ҫǵ˲ÿļ¼ǵһӰġ
ѧǶࡣ
Щ֮󣬾Ͳ⣬ôҽܣȻͨҽѡɲ
˵ǴģǵȸһʱϤ֮Ҳ׻ˡ
Ժܶ˶Ǻܿɲġ
ܹɲڵ¼һʣҲǺܹٵ顣
ҲǸСԣ;ȡ೤λ
ֵҽܵʱǰԼһ飬ȻֽԼĹ
Щѧһ⻹Ůأͦϡ档һŮͬ־ôһȺũɲԱܵ
ЩϳģСա
˵֮󣬾ȷʾҾѡǰ೤ҾģҲ༶Ĺ
ǵһҪ೤Ůͬѧ
ʶ˻ͦ࣬ʱһ
Ҷĺģͻ಻ʶҪͶƱȻͶԼʶˣ˵ԼṩˡǵõȫһƱоѡߵƱ
Ϊ󾭼ϵѧרҵһһΰ೤
ž˲ѣʹףأЩȥԣԼѧϰίԱĸλóΪԼһЦ
ϧûᷢԣ¿ˡʦɵıԼϾˡ
½ڿξͿʼʽϿˣԵûҡ
·žͺ˵Լ뷨
֪֪ڵλʲô
žҡͷ
λƸ쵼Ҫ˲ŲеĴԱԵģ˭ܱȵ˳ʲôͶƱӴ۶಻ʶ˵˵úΰѹáѧϰίԱǺصģҪȫͬѧѧϰɼ֤Լ
˵е
رеŵ
һĿγ̱еҪɺܶࡣʦǶǺܶûϹ̨εģҲӦС
Щαӱ֪ʶҲѧǴĺġ
֮ǰѧô꣬ѧĶϴͬС죬˴ѧ治һˡѧĶȫµģδӴġ
رǽᾭ̬⾭ѧʵʰֱʹĴһ
ʦ˵ѧ˾ѧҲӰľá
ֱ̫ˡ
ûЩΣ̵֪ԼûıģǸ÷ƶͺá
Ŭİ֪ʶʵʹе⡣
Ŭ۹ʵ
ǰѧҵܶ߶˵ѧѧ֪ʶûãڸλò
һ̵ʶûãûѧԼѧ֪ʶ
ŹѧдͲͬˡ
һеѧǶԼĿαͱʼϣ߱߿Щ
žûʱ俴ˣȥʳøɻȥ
ѿαᡣ
ߵ¥£Ƽˡ
Ҳſα¥ѧˣվˡ
յľ߹ˣͬѧǸ̸̸ΪʲôҪô˵ӽ죬һֱãϿεʱЩвˡܴ󡣡
⿴˿ߣƺű˿һ㣬Ȼε߰ɣҸû˵ĵط
ƣ
˸̳˾ͺվš
̾ģñۣǿᣬҲ˵ˡ㣬ѧУжʦǰȥũ֪𣿡
ƣƽˣǴģ㡣
ǵȻ㣬ҲƽЩ¶㣬ΪʲôҪƽһڲϵƽɡԺԽԽժñӡڿĽ׼ˣڿϾţ¹˼ǲǣǰɣôһˣѵǼ˼𣿡
ˣǲˣϯͬ־ҲܹӰġŸûء⻰ҪǱ˾ٱǰȻһСӼƽˣǱ˻᲻أϾôѧǶ˼һָ߿ˣ߿һ涨㿴ûƳΨɷۡһѧܲڲɡ߶㲻ףȷ˼붼ûУ˵ΣΣաһΪ˼룬ѧҪҪˣ˵ô˺žͬ־ȥѧУʦһ£ȥ뷴һ¡ôǺܷġ˵ǲǵóˣ
ŵ촽ףߵͬѧʲôҲû˵
ⲻȺ𣿺ܵӰġΪִѧڱҪ˭Ҳ˼һ˵Ҫңҵıˡ
ûУûô롣
˭˵ģ˵žʲôţ
ƽŴ
̾£ֲ˵ȥǰɣ̫˿ɲСΪԺø
лҪ˵ôôգ
Ǹʱܶ˼뻹ûתԵһѧܶѧҲǿسɷ⣬һֱ78߿ˡ


184 
Ҳͦǿ, ϾΪ֮ǰ˼, ЩĻʮֲ, Լ뷨׵ӡ
;ԼǶԵ, ˼ûġ
ʱңϾ, Ǻˡ
Ȼ־ƽЩ㣬ΪκʱгˣȻƽˣǾͲ㻵ˡûƽģͿ϶ġ
˵Щ, Щ¡¹ƽûƽ, ЩǰɶǱġҲҺ죬ϾЩ㡣
ڼЩΪ˼ֵܵģ֪ץ˼⣬жء
, ˣԺ˵ˡ
ҡͷⲻ˵ˣ, ó̬, Ժó˵, ˵ô죿
ߵѡ
ҡͷǲ˵ġ
žأҲҲ֪, ĵʱܻ̲סһ¡˵ƽĸɲʦ֪ˣôǻ᲻ţ˵侮ʯˮ㡭û׼ʲôļһġ˵˵ҪǻԼʲô飿
ƵǸûʲô۵ģôһ˵۾ˡ
Ǳŵˡ
ҪǱһӶ̧ͷˡ
ʲôüͷļ򣬡ⲻڽȥžǸԼĴԺ֪ˣҲ֪ٲ£Ѿ˼ˡû׼ҲͲƽˡ
ƽŴ촽˵ֻܵͷ
֪ܸģǸͬ־ˣ֮ǰٽӴ
ôģˡ
ȥʳô򷹳ء
˷žһæ˿ϿβŻصᡣ
ƻſû˵
žҲûעǣǺţǱϲ˵Լĵ˸ɲ¶
û뵽ԼܵɲءϾǰĳɷ
סʲôɷֲɷֵģʱˣ֪ʲôʱƳΨɷۡ˵ϯͬ־һЩѧУΪɷе¶߿ȫĸ״ƳɷۡԺ˭ٴɷ˼ģǲȫĽ׼ˡƻгķӡ
ֶһ¡
̵Ķ죬˼
ֺžһڿΣ֮ȥʳϰࡣ
ȥдšȻͬǣûϵ绰Ҳֻͨ绰ϵˡ
Ҹżٵʱһ˾ʦͳʦʦ˵ҪָǧҪǧѷĻᡣ
ѧ·нרָ㣬ֻҪԼӲǽֱͺ쳵һٶˡ
֮͸Ͻȥͼݿ顣׼ȥԣԼ˼ͷһ׿ˮ
ѧУϿѧЩҪĻҪԾѧͼݾһ󱦲ءרҵ鼮ɱͼҪḻˡ
һֱѧͼݱչˣδĴͼݳϵ֪ʶ˵ʵڵģȻһδѧˣǺ֪ܶʶҲô⡣
ӲȻû⣬ǵ⣬ŪҪ˼ùһʱۡкܳһʱˡ
һӢǵ׼ѧһЩרҵʻ㡣ԺҪĽӷĻԼƽĶд϶Ҳá
Щпѹֶ˵֪ʶǺ󣬹ɲ⣬ԶҲͷҺԼ׼оѧߣҪȻѧһӶ
¥£׼¥ͿԱ߻̳ŵˡ
ž꣬ʲô
žŷվ
ģͷʵ
žҡͷͻȻ̲סҲǲģͦͦ⡣
ʵʲô
֪𣬸ոҴʳû¥µˣȻҵǸž꼤˵üƽҵĳɷ֣˵Ǵ˼룬Ժԭ
ԭ𣿡
ţҲûʲôǣͦġΪԺҪһֱȥģ˿𣬾ͺͱһҸǶͼϾϵˡߵǶšͶ·ţҳ뷹ԸԸ顣Ϊңżݶˡ
ܸоƽʱ˽ӴʱǷС±ʵ֤дЩˣ㡣ԺЩˡ
ţžܸˣ˵Ҫ
ЦҲȣҪǻңҵһٲŽ
žЦˣԼ￪ľͺˡٱƲˡһҪдŸźɷ򡣸ǣĺǰһˡһҪŬǳ
ͷ׼ô
һŴһ׬ǮǴҲģȻǰںǰһˣԺ϶ҲġҪŴһӡҪǣڱǰҪáҪǰ־˼ˡ
񣺡
˵ʵڵģػûλ
룬ܾΪʱˣкܶˣδĹҲŻᷢչô졣
ȫĿ
ûʱʱѿɫķΧɲ١
ţΪ᳤˰Ҳûʲôˡ
˻ǺΣӡ
ţǿſɽˡ
Ҫ˵ΨһģǸˡ
Ϊֹû˽ӴҲνֻҪҵͨҲûô
ĩһ磬ˡ
¥ܵĺϽܣһ¥¾Ϳˡ
ôô簡
˵ȡЦԴ
¥µһ£Լٵȥʰһ£ſα¥ˡ
ȥ½ڼ·ϣѧУ
˵رãҳɼܺãͬѧɼҲãȻһרҵģǶܽѧðо֮ǰЩ꣬Ҷˡ
˵ʲôɵû֮ǰЩ꣬Ҳѧûι̵Ļ˼ҽĿ㶼
ЦЦ
õúܣʲô˰ﶼܹúáʶѶˣѧϰʦ̵ҲáֻûѧʲôµĶûʦ⡣
ڿⷽ棬Щĸо
˳½ڼ½ںڶڼҡ
˶ˣڿɸˣѧУѧô
ǫС
ѧɲܻУر㻹ѧӦġмݲð
ǣʦ֪ˣҾѧĺܲŵ
ЦҲҪ̫ˡ

½һߣ˹Ϲ
ģ̸̸
½óһЩרҵ鼮񣬡ǰЩ鼮û¶١⼸ȥŵˡڶ򡣡
Ľ˹
ڹҵĸ鼮ԶԶûкôḻõʮѵá
һ´ʵ䣬һӢĴʵ䡣ȫӢĺȫעͣûк
ȥҲ˵㷭ĹҸָһ¡
ⲻǸ鷳𣿡
ҲʲôѶȵĹ֮ǰܶϲο鶼ʧˡڳ³棬ǰҪֵܷһ£Ҳá
棬ʦһŬġ
һεģҼְϵѧǿ
Щ飬ЩϵӦ߿ѧһѣѧ˶갡
㾭ѧѧôȻЩоĲ̣ҲʶⷽʦҪ⣬Ըָһ¡
ʱû⣬տѧĶܼ򵥣ԼŪ
ʦ⣬ҲнģʦȻϲѧʲôⶼʦҲУ̫ˣʦֻѧʶ̫
Լˣ²ʡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵
˵ƪдѣΪҲҪ־ͬϵĻ顣ƶֹҪгԵͷܵѡҪȥҲҪҺЩָƶĸɲ


185 
˽⵽ѧҵûʲô, ½ֶ, ϰ, Ϊ⽻ԼóѾѧУ, ҪһʮֺõѧȥһЩӴ
رóڼ˲š
ΪڹȥЩ, óֱӱʵڲáȻһЩ˲ʵϡȱ
Թһָ߿ѧУ֮óˡ밲һЩѧ롣
һóģʱȤˡ
⽻뷨, Ͼ⽻ȥ, ҲվĻģӴЩҼ
óźãóףӴ˾Ͷˡ
ܷ㷢չ뷨
͹⾭ñ, ʵ̫ˣȥЩλ˵ʱĶġҪЩͶ, ûɶ˼ˡ
Ҫȥóչһ, Ժչʮ
, ½ڣһȥһѧġ
½ڵ, ҲûҪճþˡҲӰѧƵѧϰ
ʱܶ࣬ġʱͺͺˮһԽԽࡣ
ڳ½ڼ˰뿪ˣϾϽҲԼĹ
ʱ䣬˶ǳ
õ˱ѧϰϣѵõĺûᡣ˵Ҳ˺Щѧ⡣
·ϵʱ鶼õĲˡ
ѧУתת
Ͻ㣬ϻȥոڸҽ⣬ȥ֤¼㣬¸㡣
ЦҡͷˣѧҵΪôѧϰұʲôġˣҲæ¶ͻдŰɡ
áЦŵ
ȥ绰ʶĹ˵һ
ӵ绰Сȥˡ
Сɱʽˣһҳ˵һһ۵Ļ㱨
һжͦã⼸ںǵİ£ͳһ͵ҲˡĿǰûչ
Ͼûʶˣ˼ҶǾֱصλͳˡⲻ⣬Ȱѵһҿ˵
ǶԵģ˵һˣȰѵһҿã鶼Ⱥˣͺˡ֮лˣץʱ䡣
С׶ǱߵϢ𣿡
ܡ
Цȥѧ֮ͳô
ͦã񶼽ˡǰ֪µʱ򣬻ͦס
ٴθпΰġ
ǰһˣѴ֮͸һˡ
ɱôƤӣô¶áͺúøɡԽãҲ󡣡
СʲôᣬǾòʣӦһ
СæռǱ˵һѧУһжãѧϰȽæԺȶû⣬üﲻҪġ
֮󣬲Ź˵绰
ͳ¶ǲģĿǰгԽԽţƫƫǿֻҪͳ⣬Ժȫû⡣
һôߣҲ˼ƻڲ˵ҲҪˣԼȥ취ʵڲԼһ¡ܸĳɳ
ϾȻռʹǣδҵ֮ҲһֱռͣҪƶȫأֻһռ͡
绰֮˿ֱʱ䣬ҲϽȥö׼ȥͼݼѧϰ
ҪѧĶ̫ˣʱ䲻һ治С
ս׼¥Ϳڰ֣żˡ
Ͻȥ޹ܰš
һǻʡʦѧԺĹġ
գ
ЦܻᣬȻûˣ׶صĻؼˣ˶ȥѧϰˡ
ҲԼ鼮źãȻרҵαżȥͼݡһһ˵ҸλˣҸվĵطѡӲˣЩͬѧԼ˸յţֱϻкˮˮһҪս׼
ţҲ˸λã߽ʱ򣬾ȥ
һҲһС棬ˣԼȥҲӸҲЦҡҡͷָָܣʾԼȥ
ѧ鼮ȥ˽ȻͼһС̳ţ˿ſʼյż
żͷյˡ
㣬ѧУôҸ㣬ѧУƯˡƯѧУҲûҾ;ѧУƯ
ЦЦ
ֺһЩѧУ¶ԹŮ֮Сìܣڶ֪ƢãԶûǹϵҲûãռ͵ʱܱȡֻܻܲΪŬѧϰҪѧҵϰЩѹȥ
мͻȻһת䣬ᵽ
˵ʮֹ֣ѧдŸһѧУСԺ羰ҫڵѧУôãȫУ羰ʦѧԺȥˡ
ȻҲûʾָдһŻȥˣų½ѧϰдԾѾĲȻʦѧԺдһ仨ˣԱѧУá
ЦôԶȻܳ
ûмȰܣҪͣˣҲ˷ƱǮ
ȻλҲǲǮ
³ϰˣԺһˡ
ʮпܡҲһʼԡϾӣҲҳˡ
ͬѧ
żС̳һˡ
̧ͷһŶϵһϴκ͸Աͬ־λȥġ
ΰͬѧҲѧϰûλ˰ɡ
ΰͷȻһͬѧһѧϰһ־ͬϵսѣԸ𣿡
񣺡
Ȼһߣʱıԣóġ
ԹԣǱ׼֯Ϸء
ûɶо
ô˵أòءкһأͺۡ
ѧϰ࣬ԺҲæɲڸˡ
ȻҲֱӾܾʵΰͬѧδʲôӵģ
ΰһ㶣ȻͺһΪһѧоѧߣѧо
֪ΰɼƽʱڰʦ⣬ҲĺܻЩŻ
ҲҺǺʱ
вŻˣǸе
ҵ߱ÿһƬƶأȥı䣬ȥ졣ǵ벻һ־ͬϡ
⻰ΰľһ£ȻӦԼܾˡ
ץץԴЩΣʵ˵ģ֪ǹĵطܶء
ʵ˵Դѧ˾ѧ֣֮ȫڶƶġ
ޱ黹档Ϊұ֮ҪŬҵδעǼģҪҵĸսѣһǺ־ͬϵģһѵҵ
Ҷˡ
ΰʱˣ֪˵ġ
Ϊ㣬ΪδҪߵ·һ
֪ΣҲŭȻ𾴡
ͬѧԺҵͬѧҵİ೤ҲҾĶ̫ˡ
ô˵κ붼ûиߵ͹֮֡
ΰֵҵľ壬ףδҵĸսѡ
ллĵл
ΰؿҲ͡ҲΪԼ֮ǰ뷨еģΪһ¶;˼Ҳ졣
ܾ˻˵ЩҪʵǲˣû׼ҲܷչһءôҲôı׶еһƷŻһ˰

̽ʵԺûпܺһ룿
ȿȿȡ
ΰ׼ߣ⻰һӿǸΪҪһȥɵģҲܰ;ϡ
ͷ˵Ҳԣ͡
ӾͲϧˡ
һЩ죬½ҪΪսѡ
ĥţǿѧʱ䳤ˣҶӦ֮ôഺ̲סǿŴˡ
һеǰԲˬ˼ΣϾûˡ
˶֪ˣհ೤־ΰ־ıƶľ档
⻰Լˣƶ˵Ҫıңûô
һѧϵѧǶû˼ˡ
˵¸һ̫ܶࡣ
Ǿ־ԶŮͬ־ñסӰѧҵӦһ˶
žЩԵʱ򣬲ûӡ
ʲôʲôֲʥˣˡ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


186 
ĥŴһǲæ
Ϊѧ֮ѧҵ˳, ʱͶˡ
ѧϰ, Ǿû¶ˡɲĥ¶
ԼΪ೤, ҵ
ȥ˸Ա, ϸۻᡣ
ʦһѧ£ʮ֧֡
Ҿ˵, æµˣҪȻ͵͵ˡ˵˵õഺ껪úѧϰЩر˼Ҫע⣬˵ѧϵǱߵһЩʲôǶʼдʫ, ֱ¡, ҪǷְյˣһҪֹ
񣺡±˴е˶Ǻܳ嶯ġ
ѧæȷʵҲԼ೤Ӧġ
ԽѧԽá
ʵⷽžҲڸҴԼѧϰ, ˽⡣
ѧҵ¶ͲԼˣҪЩѧѧѧǽѧӦõʵС
Źڹ㸣ʡ̨ߣôѧ֪ʶ, һ¡ʵҲ޵ôұһ¶⿪ߡ
Ϊڹһûȫ⿪, ȫỹûп, Բֱᡣڹ㸣ʡҲǶ⿪ŵһͷˡ
ֻ⣬֯ȫԽɲаɲвС쵼ɻľǲԼԱû¶ɣǻûаȫеġ
һ, ڰˣĩҪۻᡣǹ㸣ʡĶ߶չǷа
Ϊ߲ŸտʼЧԣ˭Ҳ֪á
Ҳֳÿ˵۹⣬Ҳܴʹȥ˽ߡ
⣬ѧǻһ¡
ûȥоӻΪδеãأﻹ˵ȥΪĳûȥĵİ
˽һԼĽ鿨ΪӮһһڡ

ͬѧʱĬһ£鿨Ǿǵ
Լء
ȻҲĵ˾ˣãǲ룡
ҪԼȥѧϰίԱԼ飬ͬѧšίԱ᳡֯Ź֧ǼලǺڶֽΪɲˡ˵ͬ־뵳ơ
֧ǰǲܵģǵԱأһŵĵȻҲ⻹ǰϵļ
ίԱҲûţۻгϢ˸ձݣôҷһ
һ˲䣬ѧϵæµˡ
ΪѧһμǸۣЩĵĲǸ־һˣֱӲģ˺򲹶ԱһȻȥҺ͹㸣ʡ˽⣬ȥͼݲϣҲȥʦ̡
žرġ
ϲѧϰա
еѧϰ
ѧϰҲҪǸѧϰѧѧģξءǸѧоԺڵλ﹤ҪѧʵáҪȻ˻ѧ廨ͷÿʵá
žҶұרҵҲЦҸעУ
ûйȻֵ𾴣Ҳǹ֮Ǹ㾭ùϵҲҪ׼ѧһ֮󣬴ѧȶˣżٵʱȥһЩ÷չĵѧϰѧϰصľģʽ
ԭѧϰôడžǳԼѧϰһһ
鱾Ҫȥʵᡣ
ѧϰҺңҪȻһֱͬˡ
ЦҺôҲڴģЩ飬ԲŻöࡣ㾹ȻҲѧϰȥһЩ÷չȽϿĵطȥߣ鱾ȻҪĹҲҪ߳Լɫ
˵öԣԺҿȥռѧϰ֪Ƕĺܺáϱֽˡ
Ȼԡռͻӭʶ֮ʿȥιָ
žЦ
æˣҲææųʱ롣
½ڸӵЩȻʮѵרҵ鼮ԷⷽҲûپ飬Ϊ˱֤òģһⶼҪ֤
Ҳѧģʼ㷭ˣʱ۾ˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҵ˶
ǰڶʱѧģʱǱ߲н𣿡
¶ţǶ֪ġ
̾Ϊʲôʶ㰡ҸоҴĻԵ
ţЦ㶼ѧˣĽ˵ĻԵ
㲻ѧƣʼͦףҪѧרҵסҸоʹѧ⼸ԶԶ
ȻĿ񣬡ôѧİɲԽڵ㾭顣
д⾭ˡڶʱÿϾһСʱӢϰࡣƽʱ࿴ȻʦϰԻûбĽݾˡ
ѹÿô硣ԺҲҪ𴲶ˡָϽӢ̫ˣԺϰɡ
֮ãӰԼѧϰ滮׼ȥοһЩõͬѧԸϰģԼϰһ¡
ֳɵĵȻˡ
͡
ִһЦģǻǱˡ
̧ͷۣλԼһӢʵѧ
ˣּѻҲϵģҲӢרҵġ˵ڰϺСǸŮһ
Ҳһǡ
ҲüŪۡ
ùԼֻУöһЩˣӪΪŨΧ
Ϣ֮ǰȥ¥ο
οӡ󼫺ãԼˣ˵ͬѧþûˡ
Цѧѧҵ̫æˣö˳
԰ѧѧϰĿ࣬һﶼкö飬ǻҪѧС֡
㣬һѧ¶Լ׼ӢԻ¶˵ˣȻ˼룬Ǿ͸ۻ֣ھۻ棬ÿֻ˵ӢҲʶʫͶӢӪõķΧ
οúëˣַΧѧϰ϶дİںܶͬѧΪڿڣﲻãҲá
֯𣿡ʵ
뼸Ȳ룬ҹϵȽϺõġ
οʲá
Ц¶֯ѧУУ԰棬ҸٵĵطʽģԸǶӭ
ţο˵
Ҳ˵ĴӦˡ
λ֯ʮѧμˡ
οǻͦơûˡ
Ӣһͻμˡ
ȴһ˼ڣ뿴ȥģ˸ôԼ
ˣοҲˣȽ֮󣬴Ҿͷŵÿˡ
ԿʼｻЩȷʵﲻУ˵ĿĿİͰ͵ģ˵߷ʵĶС
ǵȽ֮󣬴ȴδ
ֲЦ㿪ڣ˰æָĸоãоԼٰ
οˣӢ֯ġǾƼ֯ߣԺרŲ߻
ЦǲһӢŸãԽӹȽ֯Եġ
ðãǹԼѧá
ͬˡ
߻ӢǣӢţŵһ糤λҲѡˡ
ɹϵ񣬹ʮֳʵȻûüԼԱǸĻأԼϵıֿʼˡ
ְѹתƵ
лҪ˵ôôգ


187 
ϱǰɲ֯, ǳ, ϴѧ֮ǰ󲿷ֶй, Ȼһθ, Ҳĺܲëд˱ۻ, ˺ϣڽ档
ίԱҲдӭԺϵרҵͬѧ
ѧﻹûʲôֻƽʱѧϰѧϰһܹɣѧϰĻ, ú, һĩȫõûʱ䡣
񵽵ʱƽʱϿεĴ涼ˣȻվںʹԱ, ʱпֻȷʵҪ㣬ֹ㣬Ҫ֯רҵԺϵ
ѧǵ
ϵѧ⼸඼˲ͬӪ, λõʱǷֿġ
һĦȭ, ޲ʼ, һչ
Ϊ˴αۻ֯쵼һ̵Ľ˴α۵⣬۵Ĺ, Լͷʽ˵һ顣
ǿһ飬˴αѧΪһڶ⣬ǻѧڴ˴αۻķԶֻѧϰʵ޹ء
ѡֺ͹Ƕš
֮ۻῪʼˣ˫ѡֲſʼӵķԡ
ЩЩѧǻûţӵλãҵֲֵ˿ܶȶġ⻹ʷأ档
Ӹ˵Ϊشغ޷бعҵչֲҵҲֻеƣöóչؾá
Ϊֶʵķʽǳ˵رҵķչ֪Ʒһֱܻӭҵ޷ġʷҪֹв֮˻ˮ㣬ӰŽᡭ
˫۵Ŀĭɡ˷Ҳķɿ졣Ųͣĳıߣṩݡ
ֳʮֽšȴʮ־ˡ
ΪѧǽӴ֪ʶѧУ֪ʶϵʵʵİۻĺٽӴ
оʣҲչԼҰ
ҴЩǵķУǻѧһЩԼ֮ǰûѧ֪ʶ
Թ㸣ʡʶ ֮ǰֻһѡ
۵һ룬гϢίԱѧгݡ
Ǿϲѣۻܿݣοû
棬ԱʦλѧĽڶ濴š
Ҳ˵˰ôרųʱԹ۵ġ
Լѧǽα֪ʶʵУԼĹ۵㣬λڶЦ
ҪǵӰѧǵķӣǶȥͷβĿⳡˡ
νڵǻָ߿һ֮ѧǣѧϰ飬ѧѧơ
ʦЦ⵽˵ĺòã֪ʶЩɢ
һλŽڵտʼѧûã˵ЩͲˡ鿴ϵģֻһЩ۵㻹ȫ棬©ԺѧϰǿԲȱ©ġۻ֯Ĳ
ѧǺ뷨ġǴôѧѧ
ʦԼϱЩϽǱˣ˲ѡ
Ҫ
ۻԤƵһСʱʮӣϾҲܵѧϰʱˡǱСʱŰѷĲ˵ˡ
ҲǸ˵ġ
ȻˣҲͬĸ￪Ű㸣ʡǸĸ￪ŵԵҲ֪δĽġ
ܹӮ˵ѧǶڸĸ￪Ŷǿõġ
Щ˱ҵ֮ҲǸĸ￪ߴչʱڣЩ˶ʵЩߵ˲š
ʱ˫֡
ЦԺһǰһֱҲõıҪᾭúʵйصġƽʱҲҪעⷽıֽ͹㲥
ˣ¸ɱһˣ
ЦȰڵͼǽ˵ɱ
˭ˣ϶ķ䣡
Լѧղˡ
һðϵͬѧ֮以Ϥˣ˸̵ͬ顣ôͬһսģ־ǲһ
ɴȷ磬ͰͬѧһЭᡣԼϸ㣬ԺϤˣȥսѧУѧϵġ׶ľУˡ
һܺͱѧУѧ̨ͬЩŵĲӲŮǸʮ㡣
೤ұѧУǱ
ʲôѶȵģʱдһս飬͵ϵȥͲǲӡһⲻӣ۾⡣ʵڲӣû취ˣ˭޵Ǽįأ
⻰ϵѧǶʱЦ
ʲôû׼˼һͽˡѧУľѧϵҲǺģɱˡʱ˿ɲǶǰϵ۾棡
ϵͬѧЦݣﻹ̲סЦ
ԺսѧУľϵ;Ѫڡ
ЭԱѡԼȥѡˡһˣ˽̣Ҳ֪Ҫʲô˲šġ
ȻΪۻ˺ͷ߾ͳ˱ЭĻ᳤ˡ
ڰϰӢǺһ£ѧ
ѧѧĶҪоԶҲҪġ
ܶѧ֪ʶȻá
ίԱھֵ೤аϵˡ
һѧУģҲϵѧ˵ҪŽΧͬѧѧϰ
ǻͷҲȥ˭೤
һҾС˲ţĿǰ糤

ѧǶʱһһѧϵģϵ糤
Ȼʱ֪࣬ҲʮˡʱҲûõϵϿɡ
೤ĵ糤Ӧ˻١һ˶ѡˡҲԿܶѧ֪ʶ
Ű೤ôɫܲˡ
һ˼ʮˣŴʮӵʮˡ
ҪٵרҵܾͲһˡ
׼ѧУһƽʱõĽҡ
һûԼĵ̣Ǿ޸ƼȻǿ϶ǸĺúõĲС
ҲֹΪѧÿ뽫еѧϰԴ
ѧϰ鼮Լ豸ںѧ˵ܳԿġ
ţҲ൱ڴһԴƽ̨
¶ȻȥҸԱ
ʦһţһ㲻Ǹ˸Э𣿡
ЭԼİ༶ģûнûӰ졣ţǸԺϵԲġƽʱϿϣԼĿռ䣬лύ
ʦЩģӰѧϰɣѧϰҲذȻҪרҵĿѧϰҪ
ڰ֣ʦöǾѧģ˲ţֵλǶм˵ˡرǿų֮зֹģÿ˶Լķ棬һ˸ɻͳƽʱɲʲô
Ϊһ쵼Ƿ̯ȥһģܽ쵼ô󻯣ɶ¶Լʱ䣬ۿ塣ͺαۻһֻ񣬸ɲɵĺܺáǳ⣬һ¡мû¶ʱȥϵŪ˸ӢǺšȻҲԼͬѧȷʵǿһ㶼ġΪ쵼쵼һˡδȥҴϵ¶ǾԱ
ʦ⻰˿Լ칫϶ѻɽĹ
ٿ˿೤
ʦҾæµҲãŸ壬ڱڸиǿңԼֵ
ʦ˿ȣҵ¶˵Ͼһϵ飬ϵŪҳ
ϵӣֻȤãܰɫġ˵ϵѧôѧϰ
˵ֵ꣬Ұɣ۰ˣϵٰżѧȥѧУѧᾺѡʤ㲻𣿡
ʦôΪѧ᣿
ҡͷ˳˳ģҪ϶ΪѧϰʦѧϰұѧҪΪл飬ǵ
ʦĥһ£׼Ӧ
ԼѧôѧϰҲԸ飬ԼʦĵȻҲҪ֧֡
ϵһ£ô̬ȸһܲѧʧԼԱʲô¶첻Ժˡ
һȺвŻ˵ʦѹҲǺܴġ
лҪ˵˵


188 
ÿϵﶼһЩսһ߿յİ칫, ԴܲҪøʲôطŶ, ʦŰ칫ҰŲ
Ŀǰһ, ʦҲ, Կհ칫ҾһЩ
ѧϵҲС
ʦŵĴ˸ȥˡ
ݶдĹ칫ҵ;
⻹ǵһѧһѧУʽѧԱ, ѧ˽Էһš
ϵʦ¶
ʦ˵Ҳˡ
ϵͬʱҲϵονڡ
ҲţλϽƽʱϿεʱͰס
ڵžʲô;
Σ;ʮֶࡣǺܶѧͥƶѧϰ, ܺͬѧͬȻҲ, ΪҲҪܽϱȽϺõıʼǣʹҷǮĳǮĳʵԴ, ͬǻ׼յǮһֵ̨ĴŴŻƽʱϰáԺǻһɣ﷢Ըѧ, һչǶΪ, ѧϰǶԵ, Լһ˱쳵ǲеġ
ڵ׼նˣ
Ŀǰ׼ֻʮˡ˶˲ù׳ӡȹ淶֮, ǻԿšϵ֯һŷֿ
Цˡ
⻹ˡ
ͦġ
ѧǰѧϰڵȻҲ֧֡Щǿɶδҵܴܲǵġ
СҿһǣֻʱġΪ˸ѧϰӰγ̣ڿʦָˣǽұջǻҪɢô𣿡
һ£һƫô죿
ΣǡҾͰżӸ涨йҿƵͬѧһɿšֱһʣΪֹɢҲķڷ
ʦʱЦˡ
Ҿ˵ĺܶԣγ̲Ҫģűҵţйҿˣ˵ûѧãǾͲʲôҵʱˡҶΪμŹҿƣôֱӽɢõĽź𣿡
ԡϣôҪһȺ˹ҿƣοεͬ־ſôضˡ
ҵôˡ
ηϵһ¥һƽʱֿõĵ칫Ҳóˡ
ȫڣɶʮҶǲͬԺϵģϿʱϢʱ䶼һԲڼʮ˶һ
Һô˸Լĸˣʮ㣬Ҫࡣ
ֻο֪ͨ¶֯һʱͬѧһһһ¡
οǶû뵽뵽ҡҲ̫ʽˡ
ô뵽ȥҰοϲ
ԿѧУ쵼ʦǶ֧ǸѧϰģѧϰҪǶٶῼһ¡
ϾѧģԴѧܶ鶼е˽⡣δѧŶԼĵ̡˵㾭
ѧУãָ˵
Լĵ¶ŵͬѧ˹СҲԵ̬һ£һʵķΧžȻԼĽңԺǶѧϰĵطˡʱ׼ӻˣ׼뿪ˡ
οһߺȣһߺȣһȺˮͰĨϰѵľͰССĿռɨĸɸɾ
滹оɵİ칫֮ģҲĸɸɾġ
ģϲĿԼδġҡ
á
ϣʮ˾ͼССĵطһ顣
ͬƶŵĹ涨
ͷһǹҿȥĹ涨
ȻҲû˷ΪҶԼġѧϰô򵥵飬ôܻҿأ
˵뿪ˣԼҿƣԼ᲻˼ͬѧʦ
һǣ֮󣬴ҾӢｻҪΪӪΧ˹涨ˣҲò˼ˡֲһЩ涨ϽĹ黹ޣ뿪ͼҪ⻹һԸԭκλÿϵӢ̻Ըԭ򣬲ǿԱμĳΪϾѧϰΪҶԼѧϰƻΪŵӰѧϰ
Ϲ涨ֱ˺Ӣ֮д˳ǽϡֻҪԼ⣬ԼϤСдС
ҲİԼòϵһЩϷϣרŵ˸Ǽǹÿ˶ٳһ㣬ͺһѧϰˡ
Щʩ֮ſʼˣڸԺϵļ
¶һڸԺϵˡ
ѧУǵһθѧԷ֯š
˼һרŵİ칫أĺѧһ档ļѧࡣ
ЩðʲôѧϰϣһȺﰮѧϰߣḻʵѧϰиķչƽ̨ÿѧУӢǶǸġ
һ˲
رϵģܶ˾Լ֮ǰ̫ˣȻôһרΪĵط֪
žȻǽڱϵǽϵĵ̡
̫ˣ̫ˡҺ渺һЩ˻ϵġ˵ùȥҪȻϵЦˡ
ȻҲ˾ûڣʵ
ּѻͰϼѧοֱӣҡҡͷˡ
¥ݵʱ򣬾¶
úõѧϰЩϣĳЩΪͼ֡ѵѧУ飬ʱô󰡣Щʱ䣬Ըͼݶ࿴顣
ôõʱⲻ̤̤ʵʵѧϰЩʱ䡣
ˣ˼ңҶԼѧϰ뷨
Ҳǣ˵Ժ󻹻ᰲѧȥѧϰ𣿡ѧЩ
ǰҾᰲѧѧ
Ҳ¶ɫȥ磬֪浽Ƕ෢
ּѻЦǿ˵׼
˿
ּ֪ѻãȻû˵Ǻ˵٣ϴηżٻмճءҲͬѧʹԼ˵ԴҲǲߵ͵
ּѻҲ˵ģ»һЩ˺ͻ׶Ȼ׶δ˵׼ܰ˳ȥѧ
ѧѹϴȥҵʦںŷӴ顣᲻顣
϶ǵġ
˶ʱڴϵģĻȽ϶ࡣҪܱȥͺˡ뵽ҪڣֲЩûšܵԼ
ѻ϶ôá
ּѻЦЦҪѡˣҲֻѡһĻһ㶼Ҫѡһġ
ܱôģܿˣкܶ˱ˣ´ļᡣ
ҶѧϰģġȫҪţƽ̨֮󣬶Էİѧϰ֯
ֺһ칫ҵģƽʱ͸㱨񶼲ùȥӲ칤
ҲΪҪӲ죬ΪžǸҵѧϰţҶƽȵġԼȻ糤ҲȥǣΨһҪľǸŴĻᡣ
֮⣬ţžҲˡ
ƽʱҲֵıߣ͸òˡ
һµʱ䣬½ڸˣϸ˼飬˸ĩȥ½ڡ
½ùûſ׼һҴ
Ǹ˵ĺǸŵ飬Ҷ֪ˡ
񲻺˼ʦſ𣿡
½ڵȻ˾ӦóſɲУűǿáҲҲμ˵ѧ˽ˡõĻǲģṩһѧϰĵطѧƱˡ
ֹĵˣԼĿû°ɡ
ûУ϶ҿ糤ʱԼҪȡÿӢֻҪʱҾͻμӡͨţһ淢ּλõͬѧƽʱָңѧϰҲа
Ǿͺã·ݵǳӴѾ㱨ȥˡϵģҰΪҵѧȻҲһϣʱ򻹻иˡ
ϲʱѾˣ
ţҲ̫ţһСΧѡҶǻȡ
ллʦᣬһʮֵ׼ġ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


189 
ڳ½ȷ˿ʱû, ϵҲڸϷ֪ͨ, øԱᱨѧ, ȻμѡΡ
Ȼֻһμ򵥵ĽӴ, ˶֪Ժ϶ֹһֽӴ, ԺӴˣ϶ģѡΡˣԺͲôʦڵİˣֱп֮ˡ
˰ճɼƼ֮⣬οʦҲƼԼΪȽϲѧ
Գѧϵ֮, ԺϵʵҲƼˡܵ˵, ϵĻࡣ
ӴӶڰʮţ³Ҫѡ˵ˡ
ڼ䣬Ҳѧϰ
׼μҿ˵˵ӱһ, ÿʱÿ̶ѹġ
˵λỹѧУ쵼ȡģѧУҲȡ
ҪθɵĲãԺҪȥѧУˡش
֪Ƽ֮, Ľѡ
ȻҲķڷ, ΪȻϵ, ĺá˾ϵѧɺöˡ
֪ܲܿأ˲żüá
ţ, лμӣֻܸɿţǲеģҲμ֣֮Լֻиˮƽ
žдУﲻСʱʵʵĶϰˡ
ЦԺҲ࣬ȴѧһӣ׼ҽӵɡ
ʲôž˷ܵȱǮأ֪ʶ׬Ǯǿٺòˡ
һЩ빤һȷǿ϶ҵġҲǵŵʱŵ¶
ĸ￪ˣܶ൥λҪ͹ҵģн϶ҲҪġҪܳɹѡϽӴ룬ʱɲֹܽӴЩҵǣܽӴصһЩλҵС·ӵġ
ԱţĲˡԼ֪ʶǮ֤Լķʽ
ϧûѡš
̵ּѻЩмˡ
лᣬǿϵıƼѡ
˵㣬ߺš
һǸѡϡ
ɱúܶࡣϾСͿʼѧЩҲ͵͵ѧĿѧ̳̽ģܱѧļǿ
û뵽Լ˵ˡ
ʵҲû˭Ƚϡ
ȳߵʲôãҪԼѧãԼԼĿꡣ
ҲдľԼȱ˶ѧ˸Ӣͱʱţǿ١žѧáΪ˼Ҹĸóģ⽻ġпŴŴ˵ţˣһ˵ĺʹŴһ˲żüãľѧϰˡ
ûȹЩˣֻŬȥȡᡣ
Щϵѧܹϰʱ仹̫ˡ
ǿʱѧģñ֤β¡
Ϊܶʱѧϰһ챣֤˯СʱſСʱʱ䶼ѧϰʱ䰲ž׼ÿСʱʱʲô
˶֮⣬ûѧϰһЩ⽻ǡϾӴֲֻǿô򵥡
ֻԼǰϴѧʱҲμӹ֯ĽӴԽӴٳӦȽо飬ԵĻڲӡ
Ϊ˱գȥҲμӹֳϵĽ̡
żпˣŵѧʵս
ϵͬѧ֪æҲе˰ÿµıۻᶼˡԼ⣬Լ죬ֹѧϰίԱžͬ־͡
Ի೤ѧһԼȹ̺󷽣ð೤ǣñս׼ʱѡˣҲǸѧһ⡣
ҶǳˣԼ;˰ɡ
ڰͬѧô˵ЦãֺܸжΪԼ鵢ϵĹллҵº֧ˡ
֧հ೤ش󰡣Ƕָܿ˹ԼЩˣ˳˽ǹҾģʽǶѧֵۡ
ѧ˫ֻصվţĵͷ
⻹ѵõĻᡣǺӴ̫ˡ
ʱԼشһӻΪϵ¶ˡ
ȻҲ֪һ̶ġ
ЦãҾŬҪûȥóϴҲûȥ
ͬѧǶʱЦΰ־հ೤Ȼд
һæµ͹ر졣·ݿѧ·ݷż٣·ôһӵ顣
˼ĩԣ˶˿
ȻЩѧ˵Щ൱򵥡ƽʱˣκ󹮹ˣϾû⡣ҪľһԾԡ
ȱľԾˡҪûԾҲûϾ
֮߶ƴѧˣ͸û͵ˡ
ÿ϶û⣬ڰһ϶ѹ
ΪҶ㡭
ҲǴҪĵˣΪѧһڣһ¶ǸϽ½硣
ȥͼĺú˵˵ԼʵĴѧ
ûȥΪҪμ¸µĿˣЩμӿ˵˶ûȥᡣȻҲðᵽһἯһס¥Ҫġ
ʹһʰ
žǶһ᲻áʰʰ̾ġ
ţž꣬ɴȥˣɡ
žʹҡͷУҵûȥɷš
ţЦ̾ʲôø߸˻ؼң
Ǹпʱúÿ졣һ͹ȥһѧˡѧǻúܿôһ졣
ЦҲͲһֱҪҵأȻҪܾãѾ׼ˡ˵ˣҪбһѧУԺҲˡԺһаɡ
УǶЦǶǲܿеģҪμӹžҲչ˼ͥţԾʹˣٶȥഺͷ׸ѧУˡܲܵһٲμӹ
ˣԼȥʱŵסס˵٣һסˡ
Ҳˣּѻ
ͬһѧڣ˻û˵ҲżּѻЦһͻһЦһ
ûڻ˵棬ֻЩ߹ͷˡһһжر𽲾´Ҳ͸ž¡
Ҳ֪ʲôĻﳤġ
ʱ˵ԵЩ롣Ҫ֪ʱɲͥŮҲ͸һʵơ
ûìܣҲ˼ңԼѧԼġ
ʰôϯ֮ȥϼҴ绰
Ȼѧϰæǻٰ¾͵һε绰ǻ㱨ָָ㡣
νӵ绰
ȣûڳ
ڰڳٺ٣ҴʾŪһֵ绰ˣȻ˼Ұæװǳ칫ңԺǷֻˡ߶ܽӡ
㻹С
ⲻǵ취𣬳ҵæҲ绰ûʲôҪõġƽʱ˭˭ͽӡ
ڳô
ͦãͳĿɺˡĶãҲãһ˼ܡվҪ첻ȥˣѹ㵱ҪҶӷ̬ôϸԭôءԺ۾Ͷ̬ȣ
񣺡ˣȽˡ𣿡
Уˣǰ߿ȥμӿˣǰ֮ǰǸŵģΪǿԣۻ˼һе˴ȻǸϰء
á
ǿɲҲ֧֣˵ԽԽ١ҿ鲻ܿĻС
ͷˡ¶Ϳˣżٻܻȥأѧϰ
һΪʲôѽﶼء̶߶þˡ
ʵھñǸѧУ˵ˡ
ϲǴ¶һȥү˵ˣҪóˡ
ȱ˵һûѡأ
ֲʲôѡѡģûǸ˴¶ˡ

лҪ˵ôôգ
ּѻϷݲأʲôŮֻǴʱɫɫһ


190 
׶ɴ¶Ϣܿʹˡ
еĳһ, Сǻؼ, ֻҪɴ¶, гϢ, ٵҲøˣ
үүţ֮, Ȳľڶ￪ˡ
ҼǲܻؼˣҪ¶
ǹҴ¶˭гϢأҪ˲šҴܱ۶¶Ҫɡ
ɶ¶Ӵ˵¶Ҫǹˣ˵󻰵˷룬ۼͻǸ
һ, ǰǻС, ûʲôˡ
űֽмӰҲǿĲ
Զ˵˻Ǹϡ¶
ȻǶҲûӡǰʱǻСԼ˵, ˿ɻˣôڴǣ˺ЩǮˡ
̵, ǵҪ˵ɶ, һ, ⲻû֪𣿡
̵˵Ҫ۵ǣö
̫̫Ц˻
̵, ǸɶۼҿǳѧģھᣬǻǶ˼ң۲ˡ
̫̫ЦˣϽǻ˵ó¶
һӸĲ˵ӣǸСǸˡ
ҪԼҳôϢӣԼҲˡǲǸϺ
õĻˣͿġƵϡ
гȥҲ˵񲻻Ϣ
Ȼڶ飬Ҳǵְλģƽʱûεʱ򣬾ͻسָ
Դѧ֮󣬾ίռ͵ൣСͳĸˡǽİ࣬۲ˡڵʱҲĹΪˮ
ÿ춼ﳵһˣ㱨
һ񲻻Щʧͦһµġ׶λöô㣬ֺܸˡϾǰҲָġѧ־Ͳˡ
ǲ۵λĹҲܵˡҲҪˣҲռͣȥ
⻧תģؼҲǿԵģǰ֪ʱôӡҲͳԼļˣ໨˼
Ť㲻ؼˣ
ȥˣȥҲЪţæܲһæ㻹Ҫϳء
ϳҲûɶ£ڴҶ֪ϵĿˡ˵ȥˣ߶õġǻҪ绰ܳǱߵ
ٶ࿪һЩгܳ۷ֳҲǮǶҪŬռЩλչǲڣ͵ˡ
˵öԡЦݵ
˵Żһѧ˳
Ҳοרѧ
໹һģˣ͹кǰ˼רҵ鼮׼ڰһ𿴿ҪҪһ𣿡
ҪҴȥ
ǽЩζ
ûɶѧģȻ˼вࡣ
ûʱ˵ˣȥѧϰˡȥϿˣȿҾ͸Ͻس
ͷתˡ
ˣҲϽȥѧУ
ѧ֪ʶȻѳļ񲿵ͬ־úõѵһ¡Щͬ־ǰңմͬ־ѧ˵㡣Ǻ˼˾Ļƻǲ˵㡣ûѧϰĻᣬֻԼѧУѧ㣬ȻȥǡѧĻã˳ʼǡû׼칫Щͬ־ѧĺá
ѧУոǸڵˣʵոǸͬ־󣿡
һȣǣ˵
ҿ㰡
ҵλͬ־̸ġ
˼ͷŶ׼Ҷöһһѧϰô
ࣺûôҪʱᡣ
ӦȻܾ
ͬѧʱЩΣȻתˡͬѧ̤ͦʵҲһ㣬кܶ˾ͦʣû뵽Ȼܾˡ
ҲͦΣҲû뵽ףҲͨͨѧϰɼҲ㡭ҲΪʲôôͳĹˣΪôΨһõһ¶
Ҷ϶Ҫһ̸İɡ
ĪģȻЩ˼ˡԼԴӣԼѹ¶뵽ܲ񳤵ĺãҲܴЩŮ ͬ־ҲҪҸÿġ
ǲ֪ԼϲҲ·ͣʱͳǮһѱֽ
ĥԼϲȥα࿴㱨ֽҲС
˵ˣֽϵ֪ʶҲǺõġرǵ쵼ģ࿴ֽûġҲãдںһ쵼ʱ˵˸ֽϢͺ˽ϻˡ˼һ˵ѧʶԨҪƤ񣬵ʱ͵ָˡ
Լ˱ֽû׼ҲΪĻˡĥٵȵȣԼΪĻˣ˵
Ҫڼͺˣܸмˡ
ȥɴ¶ȥˡ
ΪΣڹſ϶˴ˣԼҪûͨʱͦ˼ˡ
ˣϢʱˡ
ϵвһµʱˡ
Ͻʰʰ￪ʼϰˡ
ͦԼּѻһġΪԴӰ֮뿪ˣҲ֪ȥˡ⵹ǱԼˣѧϰĵطһôѧôѧ
죬ڵѧϵҲżˡ
ԭǴһϼҵģ񲻻ȥˡ
֪ҪЩĻ֮ЩĽѧУûĻᡣ˵ǰѧУѧǻǵһѧڣʦҲǡ
Ҫ֤Լѧҵ㣬ԺлˣʦŻμЩѧо
ţ㣬Ҳͦѧϰġɽһż٣һǵûȥ´ҿܾͲؼˡҲҪ취ѧУѧǿԽʵˣѧϰܱ󡣡
ĺܶԣߵ˶̫ˣҪȱ˸Ŭģпܲ󡣡
⻰˵ͦûΪطѧҵӱͦѡ
Ҳصĵͷ漴ֺ˷ܣҲͦõġܱǰ飬ÿοһܾûͷˡ
ЦˣѧԲ˵ĳĻ
ȥվĹ֮ûãͽӵѧУ֪ͨˣ뿼˵ѧԺҪһСʱѧϰ⽻ǡ
ε¶Ҳͦӡ
ϾǸ߿ָ֮󣬵һΰѧóĹҲϣܹá
ֵĺãԺĻѧУˡܸѧᡣ
Ϊ˰¶ⰲʦ֯Щ׼μӿ˵ѧ⽻ǡ
һȻҪѵǣʱԼǰ˽࣬浢ʱˡ
ΪҪѧˣּѻֻˡ
ҲǻһûУԷһ㡣ڶһ磬͸߸ȥǿΡ
˺Щŵͬ־οҲڡ
֮䴫һЦһ¡û˵ΪʦѾڽˣͦࡣ
̵ǵʦʮˣһλŮʿ˵Ǵóġ
ʦͦࡣ
ҵһ仰ǣôҲҪġ
κζҪࡣ
²⽻ϵ¶һó׻̸ҲҪע⡣ǲҪ˾ǲϽЩ˵ǵĴһʧǶʡԾҪ
ЦЦˣҲο˿ĸࡣֹȡһλᣬҪضԴܶ
ͷһ춼֪ʶˣҶ˱ʼǣһÿ춼ʵʲ֮ѵ
ĵûѡϣѧϰҲǺѵð
Ժĸ￪ˣֳ϶ǣܻõϵġ
ͬʱóҲæ
εóȫȨġεĺʱл̸ҲϲֱӰŵġ
һ̽ԵĽӴĿǰȻ㸣ʡѾʼԵĶóߣΪʱ̣ܶûĳЧλ̸ҲٽһĿ϶ʽ֮Ĺ滮
ҪӴȷϡ
һʮҵҶҪǻͬսʱʱڳģȻڹ⣬սʱҲԹڽй֧Ԯζ⿪ţǣһҲʮֻӦˡ
ȻҲһ˾ܾˡ
ۣóǺܿصġ
ϾԼܱͬҪ˵һ㡣
νӴĸЩͰѧ룬⽻ʽҪǶ̡
ЩͬҲҪ𣿡
ϰɣЩ˳ȥ磬λĴǵĺ󱲣Щڹ󣬻ﲻһ˵ıá
ңܹҪˡ
ξѡͦ࣬ѡʵġ
ҲҺȥָ߿ˡҵ֮˰
ԶڹЩҵҲڴ׼δȥϣԼҸ׼óʲôͶʡòοһ¡Ͼгرյ̫ˣڹ˵һ黹ûпķء
رǻǣȽϸӣһȥһҲг淢չǰɣԹڵִżֲȷ
Ըɴһ𿪻¶ס
лҪ˵ôôգ˵
ҪˡȹˡǸˣʮֲųֵĹˡ


191 
Ϊڹļѵλ, Ի֮䶼ʶ, ƽʱô, , ҲụһѡҪȻ档
Ҫ棬Ԫġ׷ݵ峯ĩڡ
峯ĴűǿĴں俪֮, ۿôǮˣԪүˡ
ʱԪҵĺֱӡȻǰǵİ ۾ȥǹ׬Ǯȥ̴򲻹ûΪ˱ʾģؽƸʦѧ˸߰˰֮, һСԶ
˹֮, ΪˮԪүֱӾûˡ
ʣʮĶӵҡΪز죬⻹ˣ˺ܶϵʱս, ҲӣʮּѣҪүԸ, ֵܻع
ڿĿ, Ӣվ˽Ÿ
Ȼ󾭹ϻ, Ҳȷʵ׬Ǯˣعˡ׬ǮعͬҹС
Ҳʰʰȥսˡ
, һ룬ȥҲˣˣطɣܸڼĵǮ־ټҰᵽˡ
ΪսӢΪҲʧ˲ٲҵԪˡ
û죬Ǳӵĺء˺ЩվȽŸ֮󣬶սˣվȾͰңֵôԪܸоЩ׹ˡ׼ٶ׬ٻȥǻã᲻ضʮ꣬زȥˡҴŹˣȫ绹ս
ԪһˣԸһҪعععǮ׬Ҳûع
ԪҵĵүӶ⵱ִˡΪ˻ȡԪ飬ϣҪǹ֮־
ⲻڵȵعˡ
ԪүӾֹȻȡĺð
Ψһϧľ䲻֡ع۵ľǻȥ׬ǮġһҲûм̳еԪҰ˼롣
һ𿪻ᣬԪүӱϷԣȻûȥֵٹ֮ʣұ֮˳ʱԪ׼ټҹȡȻ̫ͻȻҪٶšΪģԪŶ³λعڻϡ
Ԫүˣʱ뷭ۡ
ԼȥûӲΪĹԸΪȥʾġȻȡڸŴ
ӣ̲סһڹ˵Լүүܴף
Ѿܶûˡ
Сӳһôôأ
ܺڣΪ̫ˣΪʱѧ˸ȺսһȺǡ
ˣʵǶ뵱ԪҵȺǾʣôһֻˡ
ԪͶʮ꣬ΪԪң˵ǾдԵġ
˼Ԫүû˵ΪĬˣҲûԪ˵ʵԡ
ǻһۣĥԪôֱʵ˼
ԪȻǳԿǶΪⲿأûʲô൱ͶʣΪվȣͳȥĶ֮һļҲˡǺɱɱ׬ˡ
ôֱʣѵ˵ԪĴǰ˼룿Ҳ֣ΪԪҼ˶Ĺģ˵ǮԼ
ĸ˵ڸ涼Ǻģ˵ǱĿǰһƽʮҡгÿҿһƬ֮ģʱЩ
Ԫ鿴ԪүӣûڣҲǾټһعԭǻһϻӲĸ󣬹ӼƶǲӦԼƶ
ԪүӵһԼĴȣûЦһ˵ﶼ˵Ĳ׼ˣȻ˵ֻЩЪﶼ񲹵İɡ
ԪСһһǽλó㹻ĳҪǵͬʧڹܵӣֻǿڹܵõ㹻ءǮ׬ȴ򲻻仰˵
ļһ࿴˿
ȻͷԪôͷˣҲ̫ܿ׬Ǯˡ
ǻͬǸΪԼĹҶ㹱ס
ȻǶڹⳤģѪڻƬصġԪôľģ̫ܲòˡ
ʽ豸׼޳ṩһĿȷڹ֮ǰǻһΡԪǣͷǿ϶ȲԪͶȣҲϺȡ
Ԫĵͷ
ĳһͣףϲ¡
ӴԺҲмҿԻصˡ
⼸֮Ԫ׼ϵˡϾĴ£⼸λҪӴͶˡҪϲ˰Ϊҽ豼߳Ҫõر˵ڹʡͶ߶ſһЩأǶĹ
Щ˵ͶʣгҲӻԾһԾгڷչ
ƽʮԪҵнôĻͬôͶгЩ׬Ǯ֮󣬾ǮĲƷǮֻصĿڴˡ
˺һںơΪ˱ѵͷԣٺȾƵġ
֮󣬻ԺԪүӵүүΪʲôˣҪعˡ
ԪүӾͿʼˣСǿǵһŻȥռˣôôڣ
ԪվһۣϢүү壬Ļع˱˻ǾĲ㡣
ﻯˣԪүӲͷ㻹ǲԪˡô˵ģ׬ǮҪع㽨衣
ڸ㽨裬˻ԥʱѾ׼ͶԪʲڻ㽨ˡҲõĽƬϣԪӰ
㿴˼Ϊ˽Ϊ׬Ǯ
вһˡԪֵ̯ұǸǵĽֻһսûнΰѣǻѨʱѧֻĺúõģɲĸһš
Ԫүӣ⻹ҪҲûڼ߶
ҹԪĸԪˡȵڳĸĶӣԪүӼֱһ
ҲǸӦ˵硣Ҫ⹷ӵֳ飬Ҳ˺Ϳˡ
ԪԪүΨһĶӡСΪӰģǮȥ˾УѧϰһﱻУˣҲ֪⹷Ӿ黨ǲݣ鸾˽ӣ˼һˡϱʱֱӵĲɱˡ
ʱҲͷԼһôܣһҲô죬ͰӽˡΪӱгϢѧ˸ȺսǵѪԡǳ֮ڸɼõľǵˡȻʵ϶ԼĵֻҪԪĲҡ
Ԫ鵱ʱѧУ졣ʱſϧԼҵ⣬ѡСˡȻû꣬ӲеĲУܵİܣֻʣԪˡðһжɱʿûѧãõĺá
֪ˣҲһͷǡԼүүļܿˡԪҵδвʵʵڵƣûбȨ
뵽ıͻȾͺݺݵĳԼӣĹ
ȵԪʱˣ֣Ҹʲôѽ
ĺöӣ
ҶӰҲûϵˣԪ˵ˣλعҾͲûȥˣҶӻǺТ˳ģ֪һȥԿࡣ
ԪүӸˣ˶
Т˳ȥ¡ΪܣΪ١
һ¥İ칫εܼȥԪ㱨һ
Ԫͷùǡֲʲô
¹ܼҾˡ
Ԫ鿴Ŵ⣬¶Цݡ
гĿꡣδأڶ˿ڣԼԼĴĻѪͳıԴδ̤ѡ
Żɵģȷ̬ȵ˲һڻóʱ򣬾㾡ȫĴˡ
ǸƵĸ֮⣬Ԫе֧֧ȫعȥ
Ϊʲô
ˣЩڹҲûʲôΪԪΰҵףǵҫ
񲹻ͳѧѧһʣͶʯ·ʺܺá
лҪ˵ôôգ
ˡ


192 
ٽóĿ, Ҳ֪ȷеˡһ
ҪԵĻǻͬ
˶˿ΪԼ˹, ûôѹˡ
ĥ, ͻͬ, ǶԿ﷭֮ľͲõˡ
˻ǿ϶ǻ˵ľ;˵Щѡ, Ҳб޻ȥ棬ΪԺֳ׼
Ȼˣ﷽ǲõĳˣץʱѻɽ֪ʶһ£ԼԹ㸣ʡҲˡ
ÿ˰ϸⷽıۣϵǶȱ
Щ֮, ѧһЩ
һͬͻȻðһ, ԼҪܽϣҪȻ͵Ρ
ȻЩģϾб޻
Ǹ׼˵ġ
ٽһ, ȥһη
ѧʱĶ̷ֳˣõһ
׶ȱľˡ
Ȼһ£ʾĵط
ʦ, , ô̰, Ůͬ־ǺÿġҪҸ̸ͷͷ
ۻ¯ŵĺڹӣ˿ڿˮ, ʦһѧ̷ȽϷ㡣
ŶѧʦѧͷҲܶġһǾĸ߲ء
˵һϧĸʼͷ
ΪŮѧժ۾رÿҪͷ˿϶ÿ
ʱܸΪˣϣõ˵Ŀ޵ġ
ϧˣôÿȻ
˳ĽͷˣžԼɾ䣬оʮˬ
컹Ƕ̷
ͷͷƤ顣ڸõȾ֮ǰͷ
ͷѧУֲֹҲͷˣȻûͷ޼˷βġ
صᣬͿɢŴ˾ּѻˡ
ͷˡ
ּѻڿ飬ͷ񣬿̵ͷ˿ûʲôŮУСһ
ЩЦ
ٺÿҲûãˣٺõֶ˷ѡ
ҪѡˣЩʱǣȻҲġ̫ˡ
ɲ֪Ϸô࣬ҪȻûһ䣬޹أ
û֮ǰิϰˣȥ˸ƹϣԼһƬ۾ţúõˡ
죬Ҷһˡžοˡ
οŵòˡ
ĵһս߿㣬ϾԼģѧû⡣
βһ̫ˡ
׼ô
Լû⣬֪ʦû⡣
šοп
ЦԱҲûðˣôϡ´λ£Ժǡ
οԺ׼ȥ⽻ģϣܹ۾顣
Ĵָô־ο˶˵ǾС°ʲô͵ƽʱʦشһ´󼪣û¿κ෭鸴ϰ
ҲǡοԼĿڡ
˷ֱԺԡ
Ծǿ˶дΪʱҲҪ¼ģд
˵¶μӵģд϶ûġ
ؼԡ
ԻһһĽеġ
ܶѧһξ¶ŵӰ췢ˡȥ֮ʦԴˣȫʦʲôشʱͿĿ
ܶ˽ŵĽȥһǷϵĳ
ȻҲ߽ȥ鸴߳ġ
ЩɸڵȺѹ˻ʲô
״ΣңҲ֪׼ĺ֣ܳǽȥ֮ҿôʦҡˡ̫ˣоƽʱһ
һӸ˽ˡ
ϣĵš
˵ǲܵģôĶ࣬ʻСʧˣҲ׬ˡ
˾飬ɹֽһ
񡣡
Լ֣ͽˡ
ʦȻܶࡣ
İס
ӽʦͽ״̬ˣֱӺ龰ģ⡣
λʦһΪӴԱһΪ
ҪתɻҪѽӴԱĻתΪʼճ׻֮󣬾Ϳʼ⡣̸𻪹Ŀǰóˡ
ʱҲѡ
ɶ⼸츴ϰϡԼһЩ룬ܶרҵﶼ֪Ҫתھ
ĿרҵʽʱԹǰһ
Ҫ״̬ܺãӦܿ졣
ʦǰûвֳϡΪıʵ̫Ȼˡ
شΪڳһǧǰԡΪԭ򣬾͹ںܶ͵λ쵼̸
ʦȣ̲סʵǰιʲôְλ
ҹһǧ˵ļ塣
ôôˣ
ͷǼ廹һͳСͳڻʡұѧϰǾѧԶãԼҵ˽⡣ϣʦܸλᡣ
ʦЦЦԽˣǻ֪ͨġ
΢ЦվϹл
߳棬Ц
Һƽʱ۶࣬ҲࡣαûԼ֮ǰŬ׷ѡ
Ȼ֪ǣʦĴ绰˻ʡǷ˵ʵ֤˵ʵ֮󣬵͸¼ȡˡ
֮󣬹һڲŹ
棬ȻС
񣬻οּѻϤ֡ҲŵģǼó⽻ģʮġ
ˣĸ˶ŵġ
οΪԼ¼ȡ֮࣬Щ˷ܣ°һҪΪˡ
ͷʱɼСǾǽŵļƻ׶ˡ
ųԱҲҵ񣬸˵ĺӵһ£糤Һ֮ǰһֱģѵηӵĲûôš
ЦѵΪʵ̫ˣǿ￸ӡ
˸ųԱЦ
ѡ֮󣬾˸ߴ·ˡ
óҲǵĺ֪ܵЩѧƶ·ܶѧǴŴ򲹶·ΪЩѧǲھȣ·ЬӻҪṩġ
Ůͳһİ׳¶ͿӣɫƤЬɰóͬ־Ľˡ
ǰһ죬½ھͰҼˡһЩ
½ҲԼϵ֪ҪӴˡ
óҲʲôܡ½Ҳһ¡ͺһЩ
⼸ҵĴ֮󣬾һ뷨棬ԪġҲͶʵġ
ӹɵġ
ǼҶ׼ټҹˡҪĻػ
ǮֱרΪҽ
úҵҽӴδõͶʵĻ
ȻҲ˰׻ǮֻҪĵͶʣ׼˿Ͼ˫Ӯܳá
ְҵú÷֣
ϣʱԼ䵽Ԫ߽Ӵ
ڶ죬ǾѧУרȥóˡ
˶˷ܲѡΪأҲҶۡ
óһλǰŹˡ
ҪӴѾ׶ˣ˹дϢ
ǵøóĹԱһȥӴ
ûǾͱ
ȡһԪҵĽӴ񣬽λεˣŵĿԱԪңּѻ
ּѻ¶΢Ц
²⣬ҲǵõϢģ֪˼ҰýӴ
ͷһλóĸտס
׸¶ʮֿأϾǴŶóܲܳɵġ
һЧóδչŸǰ
ΪҪЩ˵һµġǽӴʱҺ֪ܶ࣬ǶԻ̬ȶôû취Ҫʵ
˱ݣЩȻѾ¥ˣȫҪȥ롣
ó׸һԪںͷĴά˹죬֪Ԫڰæˡ
֮ǰһЩ֤Ԫһλҵңιṩ˺ܶϣҲܺý
ײǰĺǴк˵Ҳǲġ
øλõˡ
ά˹̫ãʵҺԪ̸൱죬ʱȥܳˡ
ײֶԪл
Ԫ΢ЦŵҵΪдÿˣӦ顣
ϵԪүޱ顣
װ֪װҪǻҪƵðָĳԪˡ±˲֪
лҪ˵˼ҳʱˡôôգ
ȻǮǰɣŮҲǿԼ῿๲Ӯ


193 
ײλͬǱȽ͵ġ
ȻǻҲȫȻΪ˽, ܹ, СҲؼƽϡ
ܱһЩ˴Ӻ֮, , Ƭص˿Ҫǿ̫ˡ
λԪºͿʣһ˲šӡҲʮʮֺõġ
ײЦź͸λ, ȻЩʱһһָɡ
ʵЩҵԼҲǴ˷ġ
Ͼǻ̸ִ¶Ȼֻ߰ŷԱ˫Ҫзġ
ǵĴҲǺбҪϾķԹ˽⣬һʲôģͲˡǾͿΪṩһЩ
ʽ̸ʱҲҪΪⷽķ, Ϊó̸ͬ־з빤
ײЦ, ѡ˲ţϣܹøλڻڼӱ
ҶЦӦˡ
ǸŵĹ񳵡СǰóŵĽ᳡
ΪֳԻŵأЩҵǶѡŽóŵķϳ, Լķȥ᳡
Ϊз룬ҲСڼʻԱߵλá
λҲһλʮʿ߻һѪģ, ҲͶʮꡣ
˵Ļ˵ĵǻ, ճû, ǿǻ
Ѫ˾ͲУ˵ĿĿİͰ͵ġһϸ״Ŷġ
ѪСԻһг˺棬ڳҲ, һֱŴ⣬ߵķݣֵˣͣķпԼĸ˵ƶ
أﾹȻһҵ׶ǳзʽȻ󲿷ֶг찡ֱǴ·ҲܡţûС
΢΢ͷû˵ʲô
΢Цܻûдβ¡ϵʱԿǵǿգʮ
Ժ׶ôǲġȲ˿Ƽȱȿ
ѪС뵽ʻһλأԼʧˣҲǵģ쿴ˡ
ķ羰ȣܸϲβζ
з㡣
ûСǶôµ顣
гǲ
ǵгҲǺܺá
СвסʻʻطǲҲ
ЦŵȻǣǻԱÿÿɫ羰ҲǧڻȤڹڽһΡҿΪƶһ·ߣ֤Ŀġ
СҲҿһּƻ
εģôƶĵطʲôģ
Ŀ˿ԼĶӣȻ̾
Ҳ֪ǲԼλˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҳô
ҲΪʲôλع̸ԭ
һҲص뽨衣ȻԭΪгȽϵһʱľ̫ҡ￪֮¸ȹ̵ĸͲõԼԼ֮زסҵˡ
λСûõҪĻش֮Ҳʧȥ˺Ȥˡ
ûŮЩû˼
һҲ˵ģᣬġ
һ·ӦҲСС⡣ڶ˳˳ĵ˻᳡
ҶԴӳ
οŶգգ۾¶Цݡ
Ҳһɡ
ΨּѻɫЩãƺЩš
Ԫӳ֮òĶЦЦͺǰӭӵó쵼Ǻѡ
Ƚ˻᳡֮ŵ͵㿴Һȥ̸̸һͬ־ô
ʿŮʿԪҡͷ
һ
СЩġ
ʱ򲢲ܵõõǼλ⼮ԪعѡܾϲҲ⣬Ժѹá
ԪС˵ڶŮԺأһ仰Ůǰ졣ԣǻǿŮԡܲáҸڰ˻ˡ
С¸Ͻͷ
ʵںƣոλַҲǲáǡǡ෴вŻһһʡ
СһʼкøеġʿΪ˳š
ϳ֮һоͳˡ
Ԫòĺк顣
˵Լھ飬ѧϵΪϣԺԳѧȻ˵ԼļʵҲʱңĸҲѧԹ˽ܶࡣСͶԺܺ档
˵֮ĲŪһͷ΢΢ЦЦ
ʱԪޱġȻһȵʵʱңڵʱԭԹúŮʿ𣿿ڹõϢ̫Ƭˡ֪ˣջعҴӦöӴĹԱ˽⻪ߡ
ʱŮʿɫЩˡ
֮󣬺ܱǸҺźԪں⣬һƸ˲ţϧѾټһع޷ⷽ㡣ҿΪ㻻һλҵңҲ԰Ը
СŵʱŮʿǸɫΡ
ȻŮʿҪһݺ⹤ŮʿǿԪˡ
Ϊ˱ٳЩ׼һλзġԪŮԡ
ֻȥóԱͨ
Ҳû˵ŮʿﲻãֻΪԹںܶ˽⡣Ԫ˴λ쳧Ҳ˽һ¹Ͷʼƻ˽Щķ룬Ǿܸ
ѽóͬ־Щѡʱֻˣ°ſ𣿡
Ա̫ۣᡣ
Сòĵлţ˵鷳ˡ
ؿǰŵĲ׵ô˼Ҳǿˡ
᳡ڴ˴εĽҲʼˡ
ĳóͬ־֮⣬һЩ͹λ쵼ҲһЩ豸ҪǾ͸ˡ
ǸĿײзԣ̸˹ڶڹ㸣ʡҲ˶ЩҵҴ˴ͶʵĻӭ
̸֮ЩҵҾͿʼˡ
ʱõԼԴķ룬Ǿںţ¼
ܽⶼǹڻġǲ㽨裬ǿгˡ
ҵҸĵǹڽ
λԪţһֱⶼǹڽ⡣
ϸ˽ص;ҵ⣬Լ÷չˮƽҾܸЩͶʡȻΧڣϣܹͶʡĽ˵ľҵ⡣
ǰҵҵķԣڿǽ裬־Ϊ
ĥţҪܱṤҵˡҲǸΡ㸣ʡϾĿǰеĵطǲ֮أҲ֪صġξЩȡϵˣҲἱȥظ㷢չ
Ԫŵʣóǵͬ־ҲûֱӴӦǱʾҪϸͶ⡣óó쵼ġ
Ҫغȷʵܹܴľҵ⡣
ǿ֪ģĿǰ֪ԽԽʵʩˣʮ֪ߣú֪ܶ´סˡܻسǡ
ڶ취һĽ⡣
֮󣬹ڹӪλ쵼ǾͿʼЩҵǽӴˣҸλºȲ죬ĺĽڡ
ǾóˣΪЩ쵼ǽз롣
˷ܲѡ
Ȼڴ̨ѧණ
˽һЩˡԺɶõϵġ
һδĸЩȥԹ͡
ǳԵԱͣЩǲһġҲɿˡ
ο˷ܵҵ񣬺˵顣
֪ǾȻҵֿʲô˼
ŷ⻰ҭˣôشģ
ҵȻ˵ʵ˼ұϾˡ˵ҵĸĸϣҵֿסջ󡣡
˵ܸ̾оǶǲ㿴ء˵ƶ˵˰͵Ĳࡣ
ţ
οͷҪͣûУʮࡣ
ô󣿡üͷ֪ô˵ˡ
в಻£ȷʵôǵ⣬Ŭȥıǽʱ䶼һܲһȥһ˱Ϊ᳤ܻ󣬳ܻ˥ϡ
ο˵Ҫܷչð
񶼲ָͷˣ˿ΧСʮɣ˵ϳ˼ˣҲռǰ
οҭסˣĿ󡭡
극ЩҵǻݣҲϢϢһ¡
ۣóĹԱˡ
м俴ۣȻ
ͬѧһ¡
Ҷ
ԾҲû˳ȥ
λʵ˵֮ǰл㹤飬Թ㸣ʡҲ˽⡣
ʶҪίˡһ𣬡ǵġ
һ㸺Ԫŵķ빤
񣺡áҲΪʲôûϵ
쵼ŵģʲôҲ֪
֮󣬹һּѻҲȥˡ
Ϣҵʱ򣬰
ο񣬡ôˣ
ûʲôҺһ¹
οʲô
֪ùܣôţôɡ
лҪ˵˵


194 
粻ÿ, óͬ־Щҵȥصĵλιۡ
˽⻪ĵλ
Ȼ, ι۵ҲһṤҵλ
񿪹, Գ͸˽ˡ
ǲι۵ʱ, ΪʱʱĽһ¡
ʵĹλ, ˵ʲô룿һӣԴӣӡΪʲôƶȡ
Щʱ˵ġ
ǵ˹棬ϡɵúþ£ǹʣҪǸɵĲ, ֻˡ
׬Ǯ, ǴƼҡ
˽һ֮ǾЩ
ǵʱ򽨳ôãǻҪúÿһ¡
Լõ˶ѡĵλ̫ûȨˡ
, ֪ЩǶڽΪүˮġǵĹҲÿһͬԸ㽨, ҾͷǳӡҲ˺ܶŻһ
ͷ
ȷʵһζĹ, ֽĹǺܴġ
Ц, ƸģʽҲס˲ţǸ˼ʮĹˣۻʧܴ󡣶Ƹ, ҲԱ޸СǴӽڵȡõĳɼҲǿǲŬ
ĹȷʵҼģ͵Ĺˡ
Ц
ԱСĵĲˡ
رǿһֱں̸ԽûŮʿû˼
ι۵·ϣôԵλ˽ķ룬νʮ⡣
ⷭΪôǺҪΪͨͦʵġ
ֶԻǺ˽ʿЩ
ƸΪ
Ҳ޵ĺᡣ
ϾҪڻͶʣ϶ҲҪڻƸ˵ġǰλҲǻߵѧģὲҲԻú˽⣬ʺֿͶʹ
һЦܱǸĿǰӴǵְλܽƸáҪЭĵطһ᲻Ϊṩ
Ҳûʧ˲ŻǺܶģһ
ʵʲô˼
ţǴׯ
ȣĸߵѧѧȥׯ
ǹҶũ彨Ǻӵģ֮ǰܶ꿪ʼͰ֪ʶ֧Ԯũ彨ˡ
ҲԸȥ
治ɫȻǺܶͬ־ȥ˱߽㽨衣ԸΪ
С찡˶̫ˡ
һ˲ҲӦͻȻĪģԼ֮ǰ뷨Щ顣
˶Ϊ˽ҵŬ
ȴŲ˼ع
ȻҲͶˣỷĶҲᱻ˵һԵˡ
ҪȻˣҴĴߣǻľò
ԼҲƻģˣʹӦˡ
ι۽ҲԻȥϢ
ȴԷ
ΪĹܲ
źΪ쿪ʼ޷Ϊˡ
Ϊʲô
ţ쵼ĿǣҪŸΪֻܰҪ졣ҵͬ»ѹĸ㡣
֮ǰӦҪĴߵģϣȻ֮󣬻ᡣǲ֪ʱôϵ
뿪Щ⡣ô˵͸һƬַ͵绰׶ġ
ⶼǻع֮ǰðõġ
ЦŵǵȻ֮ݷ
ˣС˿ˣһ˼ûУأ㻹˵ŮԺã治֪ôˡô࣬ҲԪߵλŮʿŵ壬ŮԵ޸ǳ
ôһ£㶮ʲôˣҪҸָԵŮѣҲŻġԺȶˣһҪΪһλŮӡ
Сһ
뵽ԼҪģԺʲôֶûˡ
ǹȥĹ
˯ġ
Ҳ֪ǲΪΣּѻȻûᡣ
ͦãʣԼһˡ
ϴ֮ڴϿ˻飬˯ˡ顣
ǾеϧˡûԼô˳ûжٻӴˣֻܺԼҵҽӴ
ֵҵǣνӴҵңҲ
ڶŹȥˡ
Ϊ˲ע⣬ǵȴҸϳ֮󣬱쵽Ԫġ
ҺԪǽ˵һĸɲͷԱ
Ԫ¶һòЦݣ鷳ˡ
ҲòԪˣⶼҵĹְ𡣡
СҲ⣬Ϊλͷر̵ŮԿرȫõб˼һ
վ˶Ǳֱġֱ
ٴʿΪλͬ־˳š
л˳֮ϵðȫͻͷˣԪһ·ҶϤиȤĵطʱҡ
ллԪЦŵл
ЦֿҲ˸òЦݣȻĿǰ
λҵһӡ󲻴ģǸС˲ֹһ㣬봦ֳ˶صĵط
ҲЩ޺
ȻҲǲ޺ģʱңǸҲе㱾µġ
ֻҪУҲ⡣
̬ȣС¸ˡ
ӿ֮Ԫ鿪ʵ˵ѧʲôѧУ顣
С£
дѧ
Ԫʵѧʲôרҵ
ѧרҵ
ѧУʲôҪƵĵط𣿡
񣺡ⲻѧУ¥ɡ
ĥŵȻǶĿǰĻҲ㣬ǵԺˣΪĸУһ㹱ף˵ͼݣо豸֮ġ
ԭˣڵĽҪơ
Ԫ黹о¥뷨ΪҪڻͶʣҪ˲Ű
ˣЩѧУ˲δҵ֮󣬰䣡
׼ȴӸУʼ˵ǴĿȴС
˱˲֮⣬˿Ԫĳ⡣
ԪڻվȽŸа
̫ȥԵ̫ˡίģͨĳЩѧн֮ľԵʱ뷨
ǸŮѧһȥ⡭
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


195 
¹Ԫô, Ԫ鿪֮, оЩˡ
λҵ׼Ǿ¥˰ɡ
Ҫ, ǿ̫ˡ
ȻѧУΪʷƾ, ԴḻģǺδľ, ǻǲܶġ
ѧϰԴҲĲ˵ͼĺбҪÿȥͼݣվĵطûУôš
ӡֺһЩˡ
ѺõԪԻѧУȤʱ, ҿΪ, ιǻ׶УЩѧУǾƾõʷĻġԪİҵңҲǸȤġ
ԪֻλŮʿ̫ˡ
ܺãڱι֮󣬽о, ͸Ե˳Ȼˡ
ллҵҡ
ԪټҹΪ, , ⶼ΢С, ֵһᡣ˽ȥͨóأ
Ԫ, ˽ɣⲻշ𣿡
һ㶣漴ҲԶԶԣġллԪ

Ԫ¶⡣
񣺡ǣԸ˼ûｻΪԽӦû⣬û뵽
ŶԪЦǻĻȻԺһҪһλʦ
ϹԪҪԸ޳ΪṩҺܾİҵңϣܾౡ֮
Ԫ飺ǳлҪһϵ㡣
ǧİҵңǺΪṩǻѧʱ޷Ϊҽҵףܹ飬ǵҡ
ԪЩ죬̽ʵͬѧ𣿡
ȻԸΪҵܶ
ԪЦˡ
ٴξûعܲ
δΪ˶ô룬Ǻǿһˡ
ѹҷչô죬̶ʮܹӰٷϴˣعҵ鲼
ôһ˶ر⡣
ȷʵѧߣԪ֪ܶϢ
Ǳʾ
Ϊ¶ܹʵĳɹ׼ԪԼʱ䣬ȻѧУһ¡
Ԫͦļ˵ȥȥ
ԼСܷ㡣ѧУ
΢΢죬磬ȷ𣿡
ԪȷԼõ鲻ıġ
ȷʱ䣬˸ϲʱ䣬ȥ᳡˵绰ѧУ绰ˡ
ĵ绰
ҲѧУ칫ȫˡ
¶ʦ˵ˡʦҲʶģ껹ԼҪæġ
ȷ𣿡
ô˵ģӦòʧԼҵĲ²⣬ôһᡣҲ˵׼ԲŴ绰ѧУ
ţȥѧУ쵼㱨һ¡
ҵ绰֮ʦȥУ쵼ˡ
ҵҾѧУǶôѵõ顣
ΪѧǮǡǡ෴ѧزǮˣͼ飬ѧϰ豸ģģЩƾɵģҪ޲¥
ҪǮ
رǴѧǱǲҪѧѵġ
ȻѧУ˲Ǳˮн
᳡ҲϽϻ
Ǹۡ
ڱţԪ׼ڹ㸣ʡرǹʡ㽨谡
ֹСṤҵ
ó쵼ˣǰͶô࣬ĲƷδԼаԪ㽨һƬ⣬Ƕϰһһӡߵȵ㣬Ҫһڿڳ
ָҪһڿڳʲô˼һڿڵĳԷһ
ԪԼʵΪ˸㽨裬һԱ˹һЩҵȻܲ뽨裬ǻҵĹṩĶǳó׵ͺܴ󡣡
óŵ쵼ͷ
ȴüͷ
˲ⲻǴӹ
δĳĳӹģǿ˻Ͷ
ֽȻӵص˰գҲṩλǱ׶Ҳеġˣһʼȷʵܽҵ⣬ʱ䳤ҲǺ¡ɶ˽ִӹ顣
˿Ԫ飬ͦλҵΪͶѪʱҵġ
磬ָѧУ˵绰
ʦѧУ׼ˣû⡣ʱһλרŸڵĸУӴ
ŷˡ
ҪһŬȥץס
¹λԪǲǰҵңó¶Ҳ岻֣ȴŪǮѧУ
ҲɻһЩڵĵλ쵼Щҵҽ
ҲеĵõȽļ֧֡
װϣܹһȽĻ
Ҳã໨ǮҲС
ЩҪԪ߲ܣͳͳӦæ
˫̸ر졣
Щ쵼ߵʱ򻹴ĺ֣лĶ
һԷ
ǸλŮʿȥѧУιۣ²С
ų쵼ЦЦʵڲ˼
û£ҲС쵼ǵҲû˸ʱ䡣
Լ˸ʱ䣬ҲУɣ죬Ƕȥһ֡ԪṩôǿҪʾл
ԪЦŵ
ˣԪԵȣԼȥ
תͽԼϢ棬С½¼ģҪɹĻʲôģǱ֪ͨһɹ
ҪҪãҪļǮ
Сµġ
ļң˼һĶţڷĺܡ
Ԫ۾һУúĹĻҪ˵
С±졣
ԪŶžһͿˡЩνĹ󣬳عҵ֮⣬ṤҵˡǼڸı䡣
гķȲЩҵرǵԺг𽥿֮Щҵ޷Ӫȥġ
ôһ죬ͿԽչˡչ۸Ҫġ
Ϣʱֱ¹ڳˣȫû֮ǰƣӡ
˷۾Ԫڳ𣿡
ԡ
СȥˣԭΪԪˣԪֵһС¥εԪүӸƳˡ
үүĸһֱ߶Ҫ࿴ԼһιۡҲȣʺϴС
Ԫүӣһ㶼УӳУֻһ˰ĿԼ
ЦԪ³á֪ĿǰԪŵĶ³Ԫүӡ
ԪүһͷͲ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪˼ҿܱȽ࣬ϲҲû˵
ֻ֮ǰûмλ³֪ͻȻȥˣѧУǱ׼ô
һСԪԪүǰ棬үӵҽ
뵽Լү̡
λ˱˵ҽˣƽʱܹԿ͸ˡ
ΨһҵǣԼү̱ȽϽ
Ԫүĺġ
һǰһ͵˾
ſѾʱ˺
ӭҵԪݰٲιۡ
Ԫüͷһ
͵ҾԪԻĹףֵǾٰһӭʽ
ԪЦŵĺܵϣǵĹ鷳
ġ
˳սѧУڵĸУУʹһʦӭˡ
߹ԪүԼԪ֣ӭӭһӭԶͬιۡ
Ԫԭֻ˳ߣΪǴô鷳ġ
̸鷳ǻ֮Ϊ˵ĵطǣˣû˽ӴĵУЦɶͬѧǰ֪ͨˣҪȻǿҪʧˡ
΢΢һЦ
ԪͷҲ΢Цһ¡
λŮʿŵȷʵԲġ
лҪ˵һǮһǮ



196 
Уһ·Ԫһ˲ιѧУ, ׼ȥѧ¥, У԰, ·У, Ҫȥͼ֮ĿȻѧϿεʵҲȥ
·Ͼʦ͵͵, ¡Щʦǲ˵
붮ˡ
Ͼڳʦ˼ҿԵòÿЩǿ˵˼ʦҪˣ˼Ǹǲءһ˼ֻιһأ¶þˮһЩ
ѧͱȽϺˡҪǮ¶Լо飬ҲûӡȻҲᶪѧУӡ
ģҲ˽˵ι, ҲͲڹʱôн
ͷ, УҿŰ졣
һУ԰ţĽЩʷеģܶ඼ʱڴġ
УǽһЩУʷνʷƾ, Ҳ˺ܶ˲ˡ
ڱϷţһЩԪЩѵĴʻ㡣˳ٷԼĽǽѧУ֮ԭûôĹģ, Ǻ簮ʿæ, һġ˵ĹģѧһֱǵĹס
Уŵ, ǰһΪ˽ѧУΪ˲, ȷʵҲɷѿġ
ԪүĸпǧԼҵʱҲڻ϶ҲҪǮѧУġ
ԪûЩѧңеǮ
Ҫ˵ԪүǻûôǿҵİġǻҺȥˡԽ鵽Ҷ飬ҲᵽΪʲôԼүү͸ǰҪһҪعˡ
йǼҰ
ԪүԼǵ飬۾Щɬ
пϧǴˡ
ԣ۾һȻװû
Ȼûףʲôʱǿ׵ġǰɣֱֻ˵

Ҳ̾ǵģҪΪάѧУֱ֣˵ˡ
Ҫռ˵ҪͶʣﻹ߰
У԰ȥ˽ѧ¥濴˿
ζõǰΡ߲
˭Ҳţǹҵѧ
ѧУʦѧǵǶûϾ飬ѾȺܶ˶Ҹˡ
ұͲǮ㹤ҵ趼ҲҪࡣѧУɺ̫ˡ
Ҳû˵ɶϾþá
ͬǮҲܱ˼ҵǮЩáǮڵ档ʡǮʵҽмֵ
߹еĽѧ¥ֵͼݣѾˣִˡ
ԪѧϲĵطˡûˣΪˡҪǻƽʱվλöûءǽ͵Ŷӡûã죬ʪ˽鼮Ҳֻܵ
ԪͼݺСáվλöûˡ
УЦѧУѧȷʵʮֿ̿࣬ѧϰΧŨǶ־ĺꡣ
ԪпǰȻûѧǣһ·ҲܵˡҸеʮԺΪڹûŨѧϰΧΪһЩͬеԺ
УĻҲеοǹȻ󣬵ǵľǲġη࣬׷ϽһƷ¡
ŷһ£ȻʵͬѧҲΪԪһȺĹҵͬеԺȻԶں⣬ɻŹڣԸ뽨裬ְ׾ֵ̫ѧϰˡ
Ԫүӣ
ԪЦſ뿪ԶãǶǵԼǻˣЩ飬ҲǷ֮¡
ڳʦǶ˵ǰʿ
УЦݵȥιʵҡ֮ذ
ȥĵȻܿŵѧѧϰõʵңûɶܿԡ
רŹʵҵʦˡ
Щĵ;
˵ʵڵģѧĿƵģҲ֪ЩǶô¾ˡ
ҲǣǰЩҲû⻹ǲ֪ʮǰ豸ء
ڱϸһķ룬ȻԪЩ豸ͨʵѾкöʷˣΪǹ˴˲šȻų¾豸ǵѧǶܿ̿ࡣ
עؼʣöʷ¾
Ԫ鿴˿΢΢ͷǺѡ
ŴĵͷǰѡҲûа취飬ڻڽ裬ٶѣֻԼѧȳŹȥԺˣٸơ
ص㣬ƣ
УڱҲ̾Ϣһ
ι꼸ʵңɫҲˡ
ϾҲŹܹôطͲˡ
ԭԪҲֻǴУ԰߶ѣӿ˸Ķˡ
Ҳ׼ȥˡ
˸ǣ˵ǲѧУ鷳ˡ
УǱʾ鷳һ㶼鷳
д鷳ʲôأǳ극ѧУʳðԡ
ԪЦŵʵڲÿˡ컹һĻᣬõȻ֮ʽİݷùУһЩˡ
Ҫ
ʦ϶¶Цݡ
ⶼˣҪ϶㿴
У֣úúãӭӭǻӭԪιۡѧУкöطҪǽ̫ˣҪԪٿġȻ컹йǾͲˡ
ҲԪллҵ롣
ԪҲܸлңһ˲顭
С
ԣУȷʵҪһλʦˡԪ鰵ʾǰ˲ţЩˡнƸ롣
һλܹϼ쵼˼ʵ̫˳ġ
֮ǰõҪʡ
ҲЩѡŮѧֳľǰλһֱܾĿܴܺûʦߣȻǱĬ
Խ֮󣬿ܻᷢı䣬ԸΪ
ͻȻԼյʲôϢˡ
ҪʦҪǳΪʦϵϵˡԺͶʽʲôģҲÿڡ
ԪЦЦͺ˵Ȼϳ
˳ָ֮𣬰
Ԫүӵǰǻװ⡣
үүҪǰĻ˵
ãСʱ򲻺úѧ
Ԫүӷŭ
ȻȫˣΪԼݲģԶǰѺӽġԺǽӴĶЩˡ
Ԫŵˣʦһʱɡ
˼ңֻǵԼһʲôλ飬Ӱ˱˶Իͬӡˡ
˵ģҪÿ˱顣
У񣬡ΰųȥѧɣȻ㰡֪ץס
УҲΪѧУ󰡣ԪѧУ֮ŨȤҾ˳һ£ʹӦˡ
ҲǡѧУҲǺõóֵġ
У˵Ц
ֵǸԪ˵ҪһˣҲ֪ʲôʱ򰡡
֪⣬ҵʱһС
ãҲáУЦЦԼѧУѧȻ㡣̸ֹߣѧϰ̿࣬ر顣
ѧУĺ˲š
лҪ˵ôôգŵ¡


197 
, ҹˡ
ոô, ôԪѧУˡ
, ԪܶԹڽЩ, ͹ˡ
аǰŷǼһû˵ʲôҲ˵㻹ܰ˼뵽ѧУιۡ
ҪԪԼȤ, ҪȻҲ벻
οҿ϶ǲġ
ĵΪǶǮð˭ԺǮֲء
ֿ˿棬ּѻڰ
ѧԺǶʶּѻġ
˳úãҲвŻ
֮ǰ׷, мһˡǵɲȥ׷, ˼ҶûСʱϵŮѧ
ദҲģ˵ʱԾϼ֣οǾͺǺϤˡ
, ܻؼ˰ɣ˵Ҳס׶𣿡
ס಻㰡Լг
οҲЩ, ר¶ǲܵġ
Цҡͷ
һλŮѧ, г, ˵дﻹżճ͵ء
һꡣ
ͷû˽ҳ˵רǴá
οҲ֪ô˰ˡ
Ц, 쵼ԼĿǡǲͲҲ²ˡʡᡣ
Ҳǣ̫ܲ󡣡
뵹ҲģôһѣҲû̸ּѻˣǼûˣԽȥ죬ι롣
̸˵ʱ򣬻ʱʱķһЦ
ڶһ磬־ӵĳλһ죬һһˡ
֮ɣɿˡ
Ȼϰ˿̿ѧϰ˭ҲݡϢ˯
ǾˣҲҪѧˣؼҿ϶ˣصѧҲˣԶģ϶УҲʾԼҪѧУӴͻæ
Ǽ˸ɴţȻ֮һȥٻҲаȥͼݣȥʹתת
ԴҰͲøϽȥŷ硣
Ϊǰľ飬Զᳵ·˰ˣԼȥҸԸˡ
죬ԪҲûôнˣ΢ЦŴкصغСк
СӵĿȻӦһ¡
ʮָӡ
Ϊ˵ˣŮ빤ֲƸԼ
ԺС¾רŸԹĹڹλշ븺
Сﵱʱһ뷨շ뵽ʲô°ʶһ죬ͱˡ
Լڹⰾ˺üܸ꣬عҲΪԼҲǻ˵ݣմ˹ء
ЩΣС
ͬʱҲһļƻ
ֻ֪ԷĳͶ̴ԼԺͲ±ȥˡ
ǲ֪λôϷվǰĵĺ֮ǰΪԪ
ڳϣԪ
Ϊԭֻڵһʱ¶˸棬ȥѧУιۣʱ䶼ûˡ
͹һԪ塣
Ԫз
ǻָͲˡԪӦҲأûͿһ˵ĵϻǺܲģָܻܿ
ԪЦŵлһƬľȻ
ָָϵүôϲҲҲá
Ϊһ飬̸ĻϾǶˡ
Щ˵ŴԼ֮ġ
Ȼֻϵģ˽ﵽ٣ߣ϶ġ
֮󣬿ײרŹǩЭʱ͵ַҺһһ֡
Ԫסײ֣ȸ˰ҲżһҪ׶졣
ײԣżǻλ׶ʤ㿴
ΪΡԪһ̾ܵλշ룬ȥĸУιһĽ֮ʮʲô˼ȥΪǹһЩʵ豸һͼԼһЩͼ飬ٻһµΣѧУ
ڱţһȣˣ¶ˡ
ײҲһˣȻס֣ѽ̫лˣ澩лԪְ֧
ԪЦԹǺҪģҲܸΪҵܼ顣лЩǰԹڹע̫ˣλշȥѧУˣҿ»ԼӦʲô
Ԫ̫ˣĹˡ֪ˣܸˣҲܸмԪġ
ڱֱͷм
ײЦɣһλѧء
ҲЦ
ײֺԪٴ֡ϾͶʽɲһǰǮ
Ԫո˵ЩǮ١ĽξͲˡοͼݡͼҲСˣپ϶ҲԭȵСټϱͼ顭
һֻаʮĿײ˵һǮ治٣Ӷ׬ġ
֮΢ЦҲУԪߵ죬Ͷʵ飬ºϸǩԼҲ١
ԼԪһ𹲽͡
ԪźܱǸҽԼһЩڵĵλ쵼ΪǲɹһЩȽ豸ѾųȥˣҲԼ˽Է׼̸顣
ѽǡײ֣ǻͬ־ڽ棬һֱŽģġԪȻڹⳤ󣬵־ȴġ
ԪЦŵͷԣǻ˶һˡ
ãҾʹϳԷˡ죬һҪһ٣̸̸ڹ㸣Ͷ⡣
áԪεûܾˡ
ſײ˵ӣҲŸˣȻ˵ͬʱЩֵֹġ
Ͼδ糤ģͨδȽϢ磬ɼʶ̫ҵҸֶˡ
ܾðɣԪ԰
զе㡣˵ʵڵģֶδܶҲǻġóǮѧУ·߿״Ԫ֮ġ
ȿȿȣݱİҵҲãϴ
¹˼զģóۿۣ;ú
ûб˼ȻɣҲȥܾԼҲûȨ
δЩԱѵͲֶ֪ǲҲܾܾ𣬷˼츣ϰգۻܾܾ
¡ôǾʵˡ
˼Ҿǵøѡ
ԺǶ۱ȽϺá
ԪҵҸʱ򣬾͵͵С¡
ģϴԪ˵ҪȥһѧУҲû˵ʱ䣬Ǿò׼ǰ֪ʲôʱȥ׼ҪȻ̫ͻȻˣдܣʱԪϲÿ
СϸĿ˿ȻԪʱû顣
üͷһᣬûѽɲðˡʱǶæӭȥˡ˵ҪȥѧУһӴ˶ûУ˵ԪʱŶ
СµԪˣҵʱǰ绰
ѽӺá
æԼ¼ıʼǱдѧУϵʽĸУ칫ҵġ
ֱӴ绰ˣǰһ֪ͨǵĽӴ㡣϶úܵģҪǵġ
СµͷĵôԺҪµģùϵҲá
ԼԺĹλڵĹҪӴġ
֮ǵ㼵֮ķˣЦշİɣһᰲźõġԺϾҲദġ
΢΢⣬Ȼ뵽ǻʦ飬ҲЦŵͷ
˵ҲǣϣԺദ졣
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


198 
, Ҳˡ
ѧУʱûʲôš
ó֪ͨ, ҲҪμӷ֡
ϾΪ, ǻҲá
Ԫ֮ǰѾһηˡγԷٻһ, Ҳĥϡ
¶Ȼ֮
ֻҲѵãԶ, ѧ㶫
ȥ֮󣬼붼ɣԼ˯˵𴲣ŵȥ档
ΨһһзͲ׼ȥˣʾԼһȺŮͬ־һ, ʵڲϰߡ
ҲûǿԼԼʱ, һš
æôһӣˣĳ˯˴ϡ˸Ԫ¶ûѧУ, ֻܵ˵
˷֮⣬˵æµˡҹϡ
رǿײԪֺ㱨һ¡
һЩ, ͹ס
ײôҲǺ͹ʱǴཻܶ, ԶԪ, ҲµһЩ
Щ飬һΪһ, Ҳ֤ĳ⡣
һ棬ڿײ˵ܽܵġҲԸһЩŻݵġ
Ըó˲֧֣Ҫ֧˭ζóףҲҪһġ
˿ڰҵҵŴ
λعλԱ棬Ԫĳ˵ġ
ټҹתѾܰǨĲҵǨҲܸ㸣ʡķչܴı
ȻλҵѾóԼ㹻ĳˣҲС
Ǵţ˴Ӧ˵ЩŴ֮⣬ĸԪһЩչˡ
طԼѡ顣ֻҪǹҪսõأĵԼ
ϷҲȸӦҲϡ
õ߷ҲŴ
⻹ԸһЩڵĶԪڹܹվȽŸָԪ
Ҳͨһϵеҵֻó⣬Թĵģܵõ֡
õֵҵңضܹҵҵǰ档
ԪҲûţѧһӵĻʵֿ֮С¸Ĺ㱨
ϾԷʱ򣬺ó˽̸Ҳоݣ֪Լġڳŵ
С¼ˣС㱨⼸Ҳһ¡ڻȶ˵ЩʱͷñӶûժءҲ˵׼ʲôʱ򡭡
Լ飬Щ¡
ҪԼ쵼ȥ͸ˡԪֵ𣿲ⲻص㣬صǣܳԵǸͷ
ԪԣҪȥ
ҾǵС¸Ͻ
ǻĺӣСࡣԪҵѧУ޳Щ˵ĺ飬лҵˡһʬǶҲء
ĸмԪҵġ
ôҲᱳԪҡ
ûʲôõĵģһ˼ҹһţٴδӭӿˣȴѿץٴιϣ˼ôɵɵôӵĻﰲȵĳɳ
˵Ķԡ
ԺֶҡĵĻҪ˵ǰҵΪ˰裬˼Ҫͳһֵڶ˼롣֪Ϊʲô֮ǰҪߵ˱һ뷨һģǲܷߵġ𲻱ҪᡣȥϢһ١
ǣллС鷿ԸԼԺһҪ˽˼ɲ˵ˣɲıߡ
ԪҡҡͷС˵飬ȫġ
£뿪ҲǺ׵ġʧʲôģҲȫ᲻á
˵ǰԪвҵǨˣҲڹ˿ⶼǰ᲻ġˣҲжɽʱ
ȻǺԼжϡ
ʱĽͽӴ֣ܸоЩǿⷢչġ
иб뷨Щ˷ʲô˾ˡ
עĸ߿ߡ
ԽԽˡ
ֻ˵ԽԽˡ
ʮ֮ǲġ

Щڶ켯˯˸İ˵𴲣Ĳˡ
ǲϰˣγϰߵģһҾ͵ˡ
ϴ˰ĳˡ
Ϊȥ棬Ҳû۾ˣ˼ӳȹϴ̸ĲЬųš
ο¥µһۿŵʱ򣬶ûϡƽʱûȹӰժ۾ȹӣͺͱ˸һ
֮ǰ;ϹŰ塭еѧУ̵ʦڿźһ
ɺÿˣƽʱﲻôοϸ˿
ȹ̫ˣ·ߵʳԵġ
һŮЦ⽻ġҲĶ̷ǱҪӢࡣ
ҪôһȥòЩѧá
ϽҡͷܿԼʲôҪãƾ£ΰͬ־˵ˣŮƽȡη棬ֻһѧء
Ĵָ糤ѧ߿һۡ
οЦЦ糤һѧ˵ѧרҵǶ׷糤
񣺡Ǻ²ţ´ǧˣģǲȰ
ԣţ绹ȥӪһ١
ſھŻȣȥĹʹƱһȥιۡ
ЩŽҲͦȤǿϧûֻա
ʹҲ࣬䵽ʱ򣬻ˡ
ǹȷֵģһ£ǲּѻ
һۣȻּѻߵҲϤС
˵˵ЦЦģּѻҲƽʱڰ壬ǳЦ⡣
СĿ
ѧУҲû͵͵£һͿˣϲּѻˡ
Ϊ˱Σ˸ɴת˸
ο԰Ϊʲôߣû¡
εԻȥ
ˣоͦεġ
ҲǶּѻʶˡ֮ǰֻΪӾԭԲͬˣвͬԡ
˵ʵڵģСӣҲڹڣּѻԸ
ˣȥԷɣȥٻϻ¶
ˣ㻹Ҫȥμӷء
˵ȥٻ̵꣬ȥһ¥￴顣
˾ôһ飬Ҫ¶ܵÿ˼°ˡ
ο͹ֱӻؼҵģԼѧУϴ裬ֻһ׳ºڿСƤЬμϵķ֡
óŵͦܵרŰ˳ӹӡֱ͵˷ꡣ
񻹵Լˣʱʧ񣬺ڲûٵȵ˼ӣ˲½½
͵óײ㡣
ϼóͬ־ˡ
Ժû׼ҲҪڣŴǽ̸ʱҲЩ̸ˡ
Сգ⹤úð˵ѧУһʾ
ҲǺԪ˵⻰ҹûϵӦԪһƬ֮ġ˵һҪлóṩλᣬѧ˺ܶࡣ
Ժֻأαֲİɡ
һλ΢Ůͬ־
ЦҪͺˣЩѧϰĻǶǳϧ
ձȿʱҪõöࡣϣײ̸ԪͶʵ飬ǸԪرҲ˵һǸлԪŶԹڽĴ֧֣ԼԪ˶ԾԼλְ֧
ײǻһϻͶұˮ֮ӿȪ౨κζǹҸ˰ֵ֧ˣҶ
⻰˵ԪҲϣȥ
ЩΪ֪ˡδҲ˰˺ܶƶС
ҪѣҲϧѡ
Ԫ˿ײǷ˼
ԪҲһݵơͶ֮ң֮Ҷҵ֧֣Ҳǡ
ײΪǵĺɱ
˾ٱһ¡
һ鶼ܲɢʱ򣬶δ
رԪĺƣζǲö˶ͷһκȵ
Ҳ˰뱭Ҷȡ
ͦζġ
ﰵԾѣԺɲ뷨һϰֳԺóԵģȺúȵô죿
лҪ˵д㣬д㣬Ȼʱˡ
ôôհ


199 
֮ײԪ˷š
ԪվڳӱϺͿײٴָ, ֶԱߵ, շҲһ, ˳·
ײЦ, 鷳Ԫְշȥġ
˳· , շΪҹ˼죬ҲӦûرͶұѧõ
ײЦŵͷԣôãԪѧϰǿ
շոս̵úã׼շҵĻʦ, ǻԲ, һҪѧᡣշƼģֵΡ
Ҳӵ̧һó
һ⻰ڳ˶ЩȣײҲ˿ȻЦ, ҲУշͻĶ൱ġ߲вŻС, Ҫúý̡
һϵ۾, , ԪͿײΣһʹ
һźԪϳȥ
ײǿų, Ҳһ档
ײ⾩аǸǾѧеʦˡ
ײЦҡͷǲֵ֪ܲܵסڵ

⡣
ȥˡײЦ
ڻָ߿ǿΪ˹˲ŵģѧǶ˲šԺ䣬϶ҲҪλġ
ҲĳϣڹڵĸλԪı϶ûȡ
֪ԪߴλнҲֻۣˡ

⿪кãҲвðδ᲻˲ʧ
Դ˿ײҲֻ޿κˡϾӴ˵һǱ⿪ŵġֻϣЩѧܹǵԼʹڴѧѧѣѧķϣܹԼıġŹһŹʱ䡣
ϣҲںԪ̸顣
ոԪֱ˵ʦʱ򣬻⡣˳֮黹Щˡо³ˡ
ʱû뵽λԪһԪҵĹʡ
ûŵ̽Ԫ֪ڵƽˮƽ𣿡
֪Ԫ
ôߵĹʡ
ΪʦֵõõĹʡ
ֱӰʦҲˡ
治˼ˣǮûɶ뷨ĪľòСôߵĹʡϾһҲĩʱȥԪϿΣƽʱûʱϿεġ
ԪԼҲæҲֻĩǵʱ䡣
Ԫʣ
˭֪˶֪⡣Ҷ˵ЩСǮǮҪҪδһŸнʲôãһǮſ֡
ֲʲôѶȵĹԶȻľܾˣǸԪҰѧϰģΪ׬ǮлĹף˳ҹˮƽĹʣһԼռˣû취İȡнꡣ
Ԫü΢ҸԸ⣬Ҳ𣿡
治СԪΪҵҲ֪н꣬ԱĲٿǮĹʾ͸ȡˡ
ԪĬ
ǵһĲǮˡ
һûѧ˵ԪӦüջˡλŮʿȻܾˡ
˴ָͷԼܻǲӦ˵˼룬ԼˮƽǮ˵Ǿ޿ˡ
ǸȷʵǷȱˡɣöٹʺʣ̽ʵ
ӶԷԼʣܿ˵ļֵۡ
һ£һʦĹ㣬ƽһһǮ
졭ǮܷҹĿǰнˮƽϾ˫ѧһǮӦû⡣
Ԫ飺Ⱳ֧͵нˡ
޵Ŀ󹤶ûô͵Ĺʡ
ԪأԣǿԶһϿεʱˡ
뷨Ԫ龡ԼЦݵ壬ʦһϻӽǮ硭

ԡԪͷ
ЦŵûôУֻӦõһݣҵõģһҲܶáΪһԱľ򡣸οһһطɲ
ǵԱԪ΢΢죬֪ҶⷽɸѡϸλΪԼˡ
ûص㣬ص㲻ǵԱǵطɲǿ˳̸̸ط顣ͻȻ뵽λطɲǸʲôĶĽڹصԶҪȻԺ̸ⶼ㡣
ԪûӦطɲʲôģΪǰɲ֮ġ
ԭˣҲ뵳֪ʲôʱܹ׼
ȣλȻ뵳һֺ̺̫ר֪ǲ
Ϊ֯ǰԪҪ֯֯ÿһλ˼ĺͬ־⵱Ȼǰο⼸϶еѵġƼǶͷϴҪȻ˭룿
ԪЦϣﵹǶ鲻áֻǱ̬ȶѣܲ룬Ӱ첢
һ̸Ҳ֮ǰʱˣȻ˺ܶࡣ
ΪԼ˽˸Ԫ鵱ʦҲ֮ǰΪó룬ҪϽӣҲ˺ܶࡣѾڼƻţʦʱ䣬öԷֹغзչǱܶ½ķչǱҲǾ޴ġ
ǽԼƣץбҪġ
ڻУȹȫˣĸ￪ŵ׵ȫ
һµһϿεʱص㡣
ΪʱԪ鹤Ƚæ컹Ҫǰ㸣㽨裬Ҫȿѧܻ֮ˡʱС
Ͽεص㣬Ҳٺߵİ칫С
˻߱𣿡֪ͶҪغ
ԪЦأǱߵͶ˹Ҫ׶үүϡ
ЦЦТ˳
ߵʱλɶʱ뵽˼Ҷ˵ҪԼʱʣЩ˼ҾǮ˼Ҳˡ
ⶼͥڵ˵ˣܲƭˡ
¶
ʦټԪò³Ȼϳ˿ûһ˵İ
Ҳò֣Ŀͳȥ
˴Լĸ첲һҪĻʦͨѧһƷҪװģҲ̫ˡ
ɱǸ֥Բֻҵ棬һλһźĵĺͬ־ˡ
ܹùֶκͶԷһ˭ʾ֭Ĵ˼ҿڴǮأ

ô֣ǳû¶ˣ˯˾ڶһȥҸУ㱨֮ǰԪ˵¶
УЦ˵ˣóĿײ绰У˵ġ
һ㱨Ĳʱ
ⲻ飬绰ĵ绰ٿҲȲϲ£ǹû
æǫıʾԼֻΪһλѧӦ顣
УЦŵͷλԼҲ׼аɵĺܵӸ˵ʺϵѧɲѧˣȻҲǴһǵǸһ죬ԲμӾѡѧˡʱѧУƼҪŬ
ѧУѧĳԱҲΪǿѧɲдͷãҲܰʦֵ
λͬѧ滹൱ġ
ԼҲû뵽ôŵллУΣһŬģԲṼѧУʦΡ
Ӹ߸У칫ҳ鶼õòˡ
˵ƽʱҪ¶¶¶Կġ
Ҳ̫ܵˣ߸Уֻ˵ƼȥҪѧϯ
Ҳÿǻָ߿ĵһ죬֮ǰũѧѧԱǲҪѡҪȻһ¼ģ治ֱѡѧϯλá
·һĥûˣȥ졣
֮ǰӦҪѧϰӭġʦæš
ѧУѾʼ½ķ֪ͨˣ˼͵ѧˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵


200 
Ľʦͻʦ, ǶϤˡ
ʦں˶֪ͨ鷢ʦλǸȥվˡ
֮ǰй, Ļͦʦǻ׼ί, ֯ѧӭӹ
ʦ, ܳˣȻҲ׼ϵѧУ, ѧУӴ
֯㹻𣿡
ܵģż֮ǰҶǹͨˣҶ֪ҪʳԵġȥһЩС峵ʱ֮ģԶѧǸѧУů
ʦЦ, ɱ˵ů, Ŀˡ
ʦоҪѧУٰ, ڴſڴӣѧǽˣпˮȡ
ʦͬ, , ûʲôɱ
ҪȥŪһͺ, ֱڳվһˣͲѧصˡ
ɲѧǻĲ䲻ȵġ
ʦЦҡͷ
᲻Ǯ, ѧУȷʵҲûʲôǮŸջָأҪʦǲʣҪѧУȷʵǮĵطҲࡣҪ⳵Ҳõó
ûⰡ
ǶҪ·ߵģ⳵
̫̾ˣҪԺѧУкͳУġ
ɲôˡ
ѣҪ취˷
ѧУڲĽӴɹ裬ʳղˮ֮ģԼȥС峵ֳһ㵥λʳöУ֮ǰѧУʳýģΪҪãĿ϶ô衣
СʶıѧϵʽУñصģǵλ쵼İŽ裬Դһ֮С峵͹ˡ
칫ҵ绰Ҳã绰ȥ¶Ͱź 
ֻҪѧǻѧУˣͿԸҰŹˡ
ûѧУѧѧУǵȵԪˡ
Ϊ֮ǰԪ룬¶Ҳдϵģʦ֪ͨһӴһ¡
УǻͦģΪԭΪλҪȿѧ֮ˣ
Ҳãѧ֮һæأսپĺáѧУҲӣϾôһν˽ҵ˼ҺӦҪء
Ԫ죬ѧУ쵼Ҳӭӵġ
֮˵һԪһпԴǴβιѧУ֮һȥ֮͸п֣ҵүүҲǻѧӦõĽѧϰȻûü뽨ѧУǿ԰ɡΣ׼һ޽ͼݣûʵ֮ġϣУܹܡ
һ򣡣
ЩУ쵼ҲǽӴĿǮģĶһ¡
һǰװ׵ĸ˾ɲǹĹ
ڸ˵ǶһǮˣ;ˣ
ˡ
һҪũ彨裬ܽũˡ
Ԫ̫Ǯˡ
У쵼ĺԪ֣ǴȫУʦлԪţԪǵ֧빱סͼݽ֮ԪͽԪ¥ô
Ԫ⣬˰ɡ
ģԪǵĹףǱʦǵġ
ЩУ쵼һѧ治һס
˼ôһǮܰãǵһµġ
ԪѹǵЦݣǣҾͲܾˡ⻰˵ĻӦһĻ档ԺҪѧϰ֪ʶ
Ԫ黹ͦ׵ӣĥԺҪԺԪȥ·ֱȡԪ·ֲ֪⡣
ϲðǿ̫ˡ
Ⱦʽ֮У쵼ǻ׼ԪԷ
ԪЦžܾˣʾҪȥչ˼зĳǡ
У쵼ҲͲˣ뿪
ԪҲûͣԼšΪʱӴķҲûԪк
Ԫϳ𣿡
ʦȻԡԪͻȻһ㶣û뵽һɻҪϿ𣿡
ãЦҡͷϿΣлԪġοΪˡ
ԪһǮ֮õûɡ
Цû˵̫ˡӽǮƷ̫һԱҪˡ
ԪЦЦҵ뵳鲢ûбͬ⡣
¶ҵЩ飬û׼ܸ뵳༸ְ
ԪüͷһŶô˵
־Ĵ¶Ϊ޴ǰɣ뵳ǽȺڻġͱң뵳ܵӵȺ֧֡ҪһЩȺڻ̫ȥԵš֪ģ˳Ȼ㡣
Ԫ䣬ԣ˳Ȼ
ЦⲻǸմѧУãѧУʮּࡣ֪ѧ˻ֻ֮ԼӳվѧУѧУ⹫ûҵΨһһУ̫Сˣɲ˼ѧ͡ѧУ쵼ʮֽڼ󡭡
Ԫˣʳָˡ
΢ЦͳʱǺһдԪ֡ôһ·϶ȺڿȺڻ
ʦ㲻Ǿѧ߲ȻԪ޵
ˣֻǼ֮һЩҪϣܶ
ԪЦŵͷȻаԺ뵳ɹˣһʦԷ
Ԫˡ΢е飬ǰɣȻԼˣҲƭˡԪĹǴȥˡ
ϲҪҲȫˡ
һȦְͻѧУſˡ
Сڸʻ棬һֱţǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԺĻΪ𣿡
ôԼءҪǾܱ˵ô
Ԫǰھ΢֮󣬿Ϊ߲СĸӮȡ档ܴ
С죬ʵڲ֪ô˵ˣ⻹ûְأְˣ
ǲǮԪüͷ
һμǮܽˡЩѰ졣
ûô뷨õԪĳŵ֮쳵ܵλˡ
˾Ͷõģֱϡ
ȥͺʦ㱨¶
ʦȵλԪҲ̫˰ɣ
һλϣ뵳ĺͬ־֪ǵ֮󣬾ǡҽΪ˸лʱϺ֣лԪ
ǵȻҪлġʦ˼ˡ
һ׵ʱܹõǾͬú¶һˡ
л
죬ιȻλˣ³һʮˣʱǿɾˡ
ٽѧǰ죬˶ˡ
صžǶˣԼزžδһѳԵģģ˵Ǹлչžꡣ˸ѧУԱ
Ҳ̫ˡž黨Ц
˵øлҪлܾȻ
ţҲЦ˵ҶĽˣϣδҲôá
žûӡ
ȥġţһ£Ц
ˣϽԣ˰ŹӴء
ϡ
ǿߺгķΧĽѡرҪӴ
ǹܲμ𣿰æɻ
һۣЦȻܣɵĲãҪġ
ǻúøɵġ
Ƹ˵
ţǵҲûԵ뷨˸ɻȻá
Ƕ֮ǰҲͻˡԼˣЩǰԼˣֻܸ߿һۡ
ͱǻչء
ӭӹ涼ŵĺܺá
رʱȥվѧģԺУˡ
һ˼Լģӭӹġ
˳ӽͣҲѧһѧУˣǵȳ˴󲿷ֵˣһȥѧԼҲ
ѧУҲŵĺãרŵĶ飬רָ·ģרŸ˹Ӧġ
ŵġ
겻ø˰ˣǰ죬ЩæѧƱ
æ˼죬ֱѧǰһ죬ӭӹԲɡ
ҲʱǷ֣Լ˸ˡּѻһֱûѧУ
лҪ˵ʮ롣


201 
û취, ƽʱڸʵ̫, ⼸æĽŲմص, ûע˭û
ڷ, ҲܲܣϾһ, һ¶أ
ţͽֱ޹ʦˣ޹ʦϱȻѧУͿԸϵʽϵˡ
ǵֹͦ۵ģſѧأû׼ˡҲǱص𣿡
һ, Щֹ, ̸ˣҲѧҲϰɡ
ڶʽѧּѻҲûᣬҲû취, ϾѾֱȥˣҲˣɴలȥϿΡ


һ λǸԱǽ¶ġҺþûԱ, Щ
ԱʦĨһͷ, Ц, ͬѧǣþûˣˣ
ѧʱһЦ
Цʲô, Ҷǿһղﰡ
ͬѧЦˣѧڱýӵˣЩ
ʦЦʲôһղʺϤ𣿡
϶ʱһ
ʦȥкܶʶҶ֪أ벻ѧѧģĲͦ
Ǻ
ʦӣ֪ĩԣҾ֪ЩˣΪǹ٣һ١˵˶ٴˣѧУѧҵΪŴ󡣵˵λҲ󣿾Ҳ֯Ҳܸǽܡ
ѧ֯鷳˽
ѧǶʱ̲סЦˡ
˿ȣʦ졣
תͷֺʦʦҪۿѧһۣԣѧڼӦӦ̸Ϊ⣬Ǳһ
ʦ˫һģ೤ãԣͱһ¡Լú˼ӦӦô󡣻͵͵ĸļˣҲί˼Ůͬѧ
üŮѧҲˣ۰ϵͬѧ
Щûڲٵ
ѧʵǣҪǱ۳Ӧ̸أ
ʦûϴһѧڲ尢̼Ḻ

ȸԱߺ󣬴ҶΧҽ취
Ҷˣʮ꣬ǴĺʱⰡ
ҴȫӰѧҵһðԼʱ̽һ¾ѧΪԼĹ۵۵࣬ȻСһֺͺˡôö
ԼҲ˵ˣ˽Ҫ˵Ҳǵģѧʱ򴦶󣬾ѧķʽдʲô鰡һһ飬һ飬ලѧϰд飬᲻ᡣ
Լû󲻶
ھǼǶ԰̶ˣԼվֱȥһѧڵĲû׼ܴʦȻ󴦶󡣡

˵˵ͱ¡ҲøһۻкôġҶᣬסģۣ֪ͨĺ뻵͸ԼľҲܱһЩ顣
Ǹй䣬һɴ֯ˡ
ϵϲμӾѧһıۻˣڶμӣһʵıĿˡ
ϵֵʱҲˡ
ѧǴæȥ÷׼ȥʳóԷͼԼſΧ˲ˣ޹̻ܰվſڶ˺ţ˵ûûԼҲˡ
ҲˣȺи߸վſڡ۾졣
޹̻ܰЩ£ǻˣ͵㿴ҵҲˣԼʡ
̣ô°
ּѻͬѧİˣּѻɣ˲šǵýȥ
Ƕסˡ
ּѻһôã֪˰ǽˣ֮ǰСô£
ǾȵͶŴˡ
Ͻ߹ȥţλͬ־Լûˡһֱûǻֱȥˡ
˿ҲͶʮӣ˪һڼĻġ˵Ǻǿ׳Щơ
ᣬ˿ּѻ˯ŴĬʮӡ
ɳƵǶû𣿡
и²⣬ǲֱ˵Ū˺ˡί֮ǰҺһȥó룬Ǹģ֮ǰƸһλԱڻĹҲȥʿǲǱ߹
˵лȻתˡ
һߣָϽȥŸˣһ£찡⵽ô°
žҲһĪӡ
ҲҲǲ²⣬Ϊ˹ɡ
ܲ˵˼ȥȥˡ
û뵽Լί˵ǳˡ
Ϊָ·ܿ͸ˡ
ϢͨóѧѧУˡ
Ϊ¶漰óˡ
ּѻȷʵȥŹˣǲڹڹǳˡûͨţ뿪˻ǰ
ּѻԭʱңΪ֮ǰĹףԼɷ˰һ˱ס˲ּҲάּѻΪһλ׳ҵĶϱΪ׳ȥˣΪ˴ּѻƽָ߿ּѻϴѧˡǲμóʶ˿ţΪСύˣͨİţȥ۳ǣȻӸ۳ǳˡ
ֵһǣǰѾʼƽˣ黹˲ֵļҲΪ˴չķãͼ۳һҵչҲǸˣǸԪ
Ԫ֪¶֮ҲʾܱǸΪЩȥģ˲֪׼ЩǱóܾˡ
ΪⶼסڻҲԵ޹ʵսϰʲ
ǲô¶ǸС¶ȴܶ˴鷳
óóŸȥܳˣǸз֮˵ȥô˵ڡ
пţ˼ұиˣȻһԵܵġСҲˡǻҪڹڸ㽨裬ôһⲻˣһּѻżˡ
ԪҲΪ˲ҵԵ޹ʵıǣˡ˵Ҳ̣һѡҵһǹڳģȴԸ˼Ҳܳȥ
ЩϢѧĿɿڴȫ󲻵ּѻˣܹ
ž벻ͨΪʲôҪԣΪʲôҪѧҵ˶ôһõֶ
ţҲܷŭ
ŭĲɷͼ˳˵飬ôһԼϧΪʲôҪǣƾԼ¿ϵģ㲻ܰѱ䱦Ķİ
ѵѧѣ˵߾ߣһк
ֵôһ˷һС֪һڰĽô𣿡
ᶨòҲ֪ǲȥ⹤ġһӶᡣҵഺҵҵ
뵽˸ĸ￪֮󣬹ǿĸԣȻһɳ뵽˺һЩѧѳѧҵȴЩܡȻⶼǸѡ񣬱Ҳܶ˵ʲôⲻЩ̾Ϣ
أĺܸԣ׬ܶǮǻȥ𣿡
ţȥʲôԼڰܳȥѧϰһҪȥģѧ˻ΪԼĹҹ
žǲȥģȥɷȾǱըġɷ˵ԼǿҪ˸ԣûϵٸԣҲǵļҰ
ֵҲңһҪڹТ˳ҰأŲ뿪
ЦΪʲôǶ˵ˣڹڹɲˣ
˭ˣ˭СԺͬѧҲԼ
˵ˡ
ּѻ¶ǱѧУѹˣ˵ǱƸġַ΢ֲһ±𺦵
˵Ҳܵˣôѧȥ룬ˡ˵ȥˡԺѡ˰һҪƷ
ܵӰ죬ֹΪּѻΪ뵽δȡҲԶϸĸ￪֮һѧҲ½гѧĻˡ
˼죬;дһƪµݵУ԰ڿʲôµֶȡˡ𣿡
Ϊд£׼һЩϡ
ãСԼȥҸԪϿΡ
ˣԪӹģˡ
лҪ˵ôôգּѻԺûϷˣһСѡ
ҿ˸ĵİŽŮ㡷ϲģǰ¾ͳ֡úõ̸ˡϲ׿ղһ֧һŶܻ˫


202 
ųֱӵС¸סַ, ȻС˵Ҫ, Ҳרȥϳ, ӰҲá
λѧУҲԶ, վ·͵ˡ
ԺţΪԼǻʱˡ
ͷܵסִԺӵķӡ
, ˿ˡŵǸװ֪ϿεʦͿĸ鷿ȥˡ
һ·һ浹Ҳ򵥵жദ𻵣ҲǺܺ
Ԫ鷿ﱧųʵ俴ƽʱҲôһ, æ˾ѧ
, Цվʦ
Ԫõ, ûٵɡ
ûУҲǸոæ꣬ԪһߵɳϺȵϢϢ
ͿʼԼıʼǱ, Ҫѧļƻ
ȵȷԪѧϰȡ
ûʲôѧ, ⻹һϵʦ̹ġ
˽̰
Ȼ, ݽ̰ҲͽͨѧһǾĶġ
ѧϰαԪ׼Ķ˼ժ¼, еһЩ˼ߡС¼ֻҪϵģŽᣬͳһǿģŬѼ̲ˡ
ʱڻǺע˼ġڽλĵͬʱǿһ·˽⣬Ҳᡣ
ϾܶɲѧҲߣ˼Ҹɲλҵҽ߽˼룬˼̸ʫʸ踳̸̸ţˡ
ȻҲд˽ܲ˳ģλʱһҵң˼롣
ԪΪ׼ѧϰƻԼݡ㿴ЩҪĶģ
Ԫ˲裬ӹۣüͷϸߣҪѧЩ𣿡
Ԫջع˽顣ڳڳ£Ѿ˵ԣܹ֪ڵ˼ߡĹҵ˵аᡣѧЩճ֮ٽг͹ԣʫ֮ѧϰͽˡ
Ԫѧϰƻȷʵе
Ŀǣȷʵ⣬Ҳûܾ
عȻϣܹἯС
Լαװĺһˡ
ƻܺãʦˡ
ЦЦҵְڡ
ʵǣڿʼ
áԪͷ
ʱСʱʱ䣬мϢʮӣѧϰʱϣԪѧϰţ˼Уһһ⣬רע
Ԫû뵽ԼǿѧϰˣʱЦãû⡣
ʱ˼ƪϱȽϳʵ¼ԼľЩʲôҪõ
˾񣬱׷澫񡭡
ѧ֮Ԫʵⶼʵ¼
ȻΪЩǰǵĸͼܶڵķչȻĿǰǻȲϷңǱ𽨹˵Ѿܴˡ
ΰ󡣡ԪȻԼǿˡ
ҲкܶˣԪİҵңٶһЩǵĹһᷢչĸõġ
ԪЦЦ˲衣˵öԡ
ʵԪռһʱ䣬𣿡
ԪԼ˿ڲ裬ͷȻԡ
˽⣬ʱڹ
ûǰҲֻͨ˽⡣Ĳ֪⵽ʲôôˡ
Ԫһ⣿
ͷܺ档
ԪϸһۣҲ֪ǲǿҲ
ϸһ룬ͲµԭˣΪλַ룿
һ㶣ⷽԭ򡣡
ּѻ뿪֮ʱһӶѡ֪һһУĵʲôĵطԪҾòֹң϶Ҳһ˿ʼˡֺһӣδҲ˺ּѻѡ뿪
Ԫ飬׼ѧУڿͶ壬ˣʲôӵģҵĿĻϣܹҪô⣬߾ȥˣҲ֪õĻԼѧܹ֮
Ԫһ˫ָķϣ˵ʵôΪʲôбҪҪ߾ߺˡ
ĳȥˣס
ʦȻΪѡعʵĽǶȷʵȽϸԣ£ֻЩѡ
֪ںˮƽˮƽȲϹ⣬ǵչĺܿ죬ֻҪһģǻʵַԾչضȹġڹȥڹѩ̿춨ʵĻضڹҪǿˡ
Ԫ۾һû뵽λʦ뷨Ǻıϡ
ķչȷʵѾڱˣƽʱվȥˣǻĿǰķչ𲽽׶Σʱɱǡ
ʦ۹ⳤԶǱ˲һ㡣ǲһ˲֮ܵһ겻
ûϵһһҲһҲסҲһ΢ĩáΪûöȥ˭ҲǻʲôϣԪҪİ
ԪĬĿ˿ǹִ
Һ⡣
Ҳܵһ֮׽ʵ
ΪʱʱңԪڹỷʮ˽ġ
ҲƶߴҲȥνۼء
һ仰˵˵ã˵ĵ
ǮκζûǮҲֻסƶԿ
Ҳźܶ໪ˣһֻΪģһ·棬һֶ
ɣȨ
ǲƶĻˡ
õĿںţԼн꣬ȫ˲ţЩ˲ŲϵĴõĶȫ˲šһѭĹ̡
ļ¼˵ÿһ֡
¼֮ʵһ⣬ǵıȻ𣿡
ԪЦŵǸΪ̫æµûʱ͡Ҳ֪Ϊֹֻ͹
Ȼ˵Ķԣֻǰ͵ǵġ
뿪ʱԪ黹ȥܾˣʾԼȥ·顣ΪԼṩݡ
ˣС߹ʵ̵ĺҪ𣿡
ԪҡҡͷǺ棬ԪǣԼѡԸڻڹ⣿
С¾Ǹ⣬ûش
һСģð
Ԫ鷭ۣҪʵ
ȿȣ˵ˣɲҪҪңҿ϶ѡģڹԶ࣬ʲôҪƱ֤̫ˡҳ⳵ҪƱ
Ԫͷ뷨ϻ˲ӡ
ڹ⣬̫Ϊþһеֶˡ
ĸֵܣΪ˼̳Ȩɱʲôó
ȻƲˣûҰģԼҲ
԰̰ġ
ԼҲ̰
ܾܾջ
С¼û˵ʵ㲻һȥɣҲߡ
ᡣԪ鿴һۡ
ҲǸˡԪڻվȽŸȻȥһ˴ƴȻҪס
λʦʱܴʱԵúܲǡ˿塣
Īģ־ú˴򽻵ǱȽףˣùֲͨʱ̽䱸
ϣܽܵʱܽʵ
ûʵ뷨
ʵʲôǲԼ
ξ׼ʵ
˺ܶʷϡ鿴ЩչḶ́Ȼ˻ķչ̡
һ׼˺ü죬ſʼʡ

Ĵġ
ǱϵģϾĸ￪ţԺ˻Խʶ״ôԵĲ࣬Ҳϲˡ
ΪԼĹұȲϱĹҷǼ˵ġ
Ϊϣ⡣
ȷʵڼʮߵĸ¥£ȥҲҹĻ𳵣źĺſȣڲͬĵص㣬ͬĽǶȥ
㻹ȽԶ͸ľȥ
дˣϸҲжͬһƬ£ҲôƫۡҪĻûйᴩȫ·ߣûʵĻ𳵡ҲûǼʮߵĸ¥ûȽԶ
дΪʲôУûСǱȲϱ˴裿
ġ
оһϵеʷϻ˵֡оЩʵ¼ЩͿɵũ񣬹ˣɲѧǡ
Ȼʼ׷ԴдЩҷչʷһʼҲûеģ˳ԲǺôأѵУ
ԣСҲûдôֱף޵ľˣ˼ңһ˼ֵ԰һһ˼ҿȼˡھӼҰԺӵһڳֵԼԺһȻһ룬ҲְְھӼҵĻ
⻧˼Ҿ԰һʢ԰һĻһͻھӼҸԣˣ԰
ⱻһھôˣʧȥĿꡣӣ
ӷѿС磬˵Ѫ
վٴӵԼһ֡
ȻۣûгɣֻҪǾĺǻܻٴοïʢ
Ȼо˻ʮǰĳɾͣʳסУҵ
ȻѣǱ仯ȴҲܴ֤Ǳȱ˲ˣֻ
ֻҪŬڲõĽǱضһڲͬĳϣͲͬ¾
һѣ
ȻԪǾ仰˻ش
ܽᣬȷʵǡ
лҪ˵ôôգд꣬һֱСûдʱˡ
Ǹּѻֻһ򣬲ˮҲϾ飬ʱڱضҪһ
ȷʵĳЩִԼ뷨ҲȷʵΪ˲ʧܲãȷʵǱ˵ɣУҪֻǷԼԼĹ۵㡣ҲΪֻ͹ڵּѻ뿪˵ص㣬صδĳѧ˲ʧرǹѳġҵΣһȥأ˭ۣ
֮Ľ̸ͺǹ̸֮һϣԷԼһ˱뷨Ųãȥƿڴ


203 
񽫸޸ĺ֮, ȥ˳½ڿ
Ͼ½, ԹҲ˽⡣
½ڿ֮, 鼤, ǵһȥͬѧǣѡعԭٺ, Ҳǵ֪ǻعʱ򣬹Ŀ갡ߵڻ𣬻ǵļ԰ǳȥļʮͬѧûһڹ⡣
Ǽ֤Եʷ, ֪һǿ, ҵͬ˼һڹҲҪܵӣǲ򣬻ƤӡҲҪΪ˵ѡ, еʧҲܵĴȻѡΪ˲šΪֻ֪СɵĴ, ǵ޹ġֻҪҪ, ǾͲ, ľ˼룬ˣҲİһ, Ȼġ
˫۷ȡ
ΪĲףҲΪЩһǰǿ˽ġ
Ҳܶ˻˵ɵΪɵӣ˺ڷɡ
֮˼;ģҲΪѾδĽ֪δٸǿᶨĸߴңδǿһᡣ
ȽҲЩ˽׵ǰġ
֣صĳų½ھϹʦллǣԺҲŬٲˡǳɳˣ͸ýӹⵣˡ
ʦЦǽҹȥˣҲЪˡ˵ˣֻҪӻף͵˼뿴һ죬ǵĹҿԷٸǿ
ģһôһġ
ȷƪûֱ֮ͶˡͶѧУڿ
ѧУҲԼڿϵ£ԼѧУһЩ
ƪ±ڿɸѡӵʦ֮ܵˡ
ΪƪµģĿǰһˡ
֮ǰּѻ뿪ֹþЩӰ죬ҲѧǲӰ졣
ЩѧԭѧϰǷô֮ǾͿʼˣжã˷һе뿪
ּѻΪ˳ν˼¡ɷͼˣҲô
ѧǱû϶ۣʱ䳤ˣ˼Ͽ϶Ӱ졣
ʦҲܱ۾˵
˼ȷʵǿ
ƪ̫ʱˡ
ʦԼϸĿƪ¡֮۾Щʪ
ЩʦĵȻ֪ˣǳⲻҪƱ·ҪƱʻߡǻС·Ҳû򲹶װģɫ͸죬·ֱͦˡ
ǣٺãҲ
Լȥ˹⣬ٺõ˵𻪹õʱԼҲԲ¶ڡ͸оԼԵˮԼﻹڰܶһ
ܡ
ðдáٺãǻҲǵĸס˼ȥĹңúõĽԼĹҡ
ʦͰ¸˰棬ҪڵһҳҪڷдµı⡣
¾ͳУ 
λʦܷȤһͼҲӵǸ¡һ԰ɫʳݣһǲˮ
ֱı񻪹ƶĸԣ
ֳľǲһġ
ѡʹһȴůҲֱȥܱ˵ĹʵԶǿˣǲߡ
ڿҪǸʦǿģȻڰϴġ
ѧУʦǿ֮õȥʶƪ¡
ͬѧǣҿԸǣȷʵԣܱǷչ꣬ǷչꣿǵķչǿŶٹҵ˲һģ
ҲδҲѡȥΪ̻Ի͵ĹһɫΪԼĹҽ裬שߡϣǵѡǾؿǵģӸ濼ǣҪģֻΪ׷ڸ֮׷󻪷¡ΪԶҲ޷Ա˵һ䣬ˡӢˡ¹ˡԶǻˡˡᡭֻлչˣܽĸ߱ˣһˣ
ѧžþóĬ
ȻҵĹ
ѧУܶİϣԱרóһڿεʱ䣬Ϊʶƪ£⡣
ѧһ࣬ʦ۾⣬֪ΪʲôҺûΪʲôҪôΪǳɳĺõ㡣ǣǰһũѧҲ֪ΪʲôƲũܵƼģܶûɶĻˮƽҶϣ
֪ũҲкܶ˲ţΪ˹ף˵ңҲȷʵһˣѧʲѧĲãΪϴѧ֮ǰֻСѧĻѧĻ˴ѧ֮ҲûкõѧϰΧϸλˣרҵ֪ʶΪЩҲҪǺúѧѾˣҪץʱ䣬ܸϡ
֮ǰѧʦҲˣⲻҲŬ𣿡
˭ˣǲǡںˣҷˣôͬѧҴѧ
ͬѧ
Ժ೤Ҫúô༶˼봫ݸǣǺúѧϰǵġرǸӾͺúõѧбµˣԺԼϱԿϡ
ͬѧ
¿֮ʦ۾ˣƪ¸˺ܶдΪԼȥഺ
ϵͬѧһƪ¡
ֵġ
󣬰ϵЩ׼ۣ֧ѧУֱӲˣˡ
߸ߴίԱ룬Ҫ¥ȻҶȥ¥ϿһȺȿȣʵĻ𳵣ȥУַΧȽϺʡ
ŮͬѧЦ
ЦŵҲǲʽдʱһ¾ѧģֵʱ̸̸Ҫôܸþ÷չδһǣҸǴֻҪʽȷˣҲڽҪȻôиսأȻͱȽϿǵˣΪ̫Ӳˣûʲô˼ðѿݣͿλͬѧǵ̸̺߲ˡ
˶ŮѧǶЦ
ѵ೤ڿĵô˵̨ˣͷȥɨ
ɨɨˣֻҪڴнˣɨֵˡ
೤Ҫ£ɨЩĶæֲִɻ
ˣ˭ģϽͷˡ
Щչѧ͵͵Ļ࿴ۣȻ¶ɬЦݡ
ƪ²ֹڸϵѧ֮˺ܴӰ죬ҲѧУ쵼Ǻӡ
У¸Ͷֽȥø˿
رѧǡ
ΪּѻѧΪҲΣСŸմһţͳ⣬ܹߵȽѧ׳ҵĶϱҪδ״򿪹أ
֪Ѿⷽ淢չˡ˼µˡ
ΪˣȽ˼⡣
Ҫ˲ţҲס˲Ű
ҪȻԼҵĺˣ뿪ˣǶôʧ
ǽУƪȥ
һΪ󲢲Ƕּͬѻѧһ棬Ҳøѧƪ£˼롣
Щѧǣǣòãûϵɹںòãȡǵľ
о߸ͶˣټµỷЩϵҲȷʵҪ˼룬ҲҪֵֹ֮ĸӺܿ͵ȫҸİ滹ܲ
󣬾ѧϵѧһ֣Ҳȫ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ


204 
Ҳ˵ˮ
ʹ, Թʮй޸еһǿűֽ, ߺ, ʲôõ, ǰǹҲǵ˿ˣ, һʹүһòˣۻϸȥܣڿɶˣ
ѣԼĹѣϻǲġ
ҼҺԺ϶ܳĺ, ɲǸġɶ, ǲҲΪгϢгϢܹȥˣǲǰ״𣿡
ѧ䣬ԺƷ, 칫ңɶġ˵˿Ʋģû׼ȥҲϰ칫ҡ
칫ҵҲ֪, ȥ۸, Ҳûط˼ǹҶƽȶԴ, ȥ˼ҵ̻ʲôָ
ǣҲһ˼
˵ǺңԶ, û顣
ƪ³֮ǰҲûԼһ
֮أǵǿʼˣһ죬Լѡ񣬵ǻѡڹڹ
Ƿ֣һܼѵѡ񰡡
ΪϴҪԼڹڵһˡѣѧҵҵ
ȥһİĵطͷʼ
ȻⲻҪģҪǣһȥ⣬бҪ𣿺˵һˣҲԼôһˣˡ˼ЩҷչˣͷܻҪƲЩˡ
ǳԵúõ㣬ȵĺõ㣬סҲõ㡣
ҲʮҪ
θҲô󣬸ͷҲôߣԲ˼⣬Ҳ˼߲סԼǴѧˣ䵥λˣûطסҲǰ׸Ӱɣǲһ
ˣúõڹڷܶԼٳһúˣλҲַǹʣƱҲ෢㡣ԼԲ꣬Ը˳ԡ
ԼһƯ˼
ܶѧֱӰƪµǵԼѧУڿѧѧϰܳ˼˼ԼΪʲô顣
ȷʵĺǹѾܸˡ
ôѵʱдѧѧȫ⣬һ벹ֻҪ֤뵽
ôķΧô඼󰡡
սĴѧ
ΪЩѧУĴ¹ûʲôЧһͬѧѧϰķ糱δ־ȡ˸֣
˵֮󣬴Ӷˡ
ҲдһƪԼ۵£оҲûдĶðô
ԼãĿܻΪҪĸ￪ˣʱֹ⣬ԲŻôġռ˸ʱıˡ
Ǿѧһ߳ȥɽˡ
ž˵
ֵֹҲأ糤ģҲմˡ
ţһǺһأǲǸø
˹Ц
īҵѹˣԺԼҪˣҪǳһ󣬵ñ˶ŰȻָҵǸд»ȫ񡣻ѧϰԼҲء̫ˡ
ֵû£ʱҲд£۾ѧϵҲǿд˵ġ
ƼĵĿģС˱㣬˵˵Լд²ó⣬Լѧ糤
⻰ţվˣ˭˵ģҵǿʲôСڱ˵л
ÿÿ˵˼룬۾˱˵죬Ҳܲ˵ġ⵹ǸˣſиѧֻûѧĻ
ǶʱЦʦĳ𣿡
ţˣǺƽʱƽչǾǻѧһ
žֺǵԺֻҡ
˶ֺǺǵӣЩ⣬ЩĽ
о¶뷨á
ǰžʱȻһʤϲãǸʱǲĵģͲġ
ʵȫûҪôĴҶġ
˵ײĶ
ŵĳԱ֪ĳЩ˱۵֮󣬶ƺԼΪѧĻ
ѧôˣѧǲˣѧͲܰˣѧͲܲˣ
бѧĿα÷汾Լȥԭȥʶ֡
ΪѧУҲûʲô֣¶ȥˣЩϵ׷Ч£ѧǳƺԼΪͨѧĻѧõĻ/ѧѧĻ/ѧѧĻ
¶úЩʦҲЦã˵Щ˾һһ
ʦѧʱɣֵʱˣȥ
ɣҲþɳˡǵ
ѧУҲﱸſʼѡѧԱˡ
ֱȥˡ
֮⣬ŵļѧҲĹ±ѡˡ
ΪӭҲǰæ˵ġҸţҲʼڸϵ磬Ҳ㹻ľ顣
˵ˣԼŵ糤ȥѡѧϯˣԼ߿ɲܲӡ
ѧϯɸԺϵʦͶƱġ
ԺϵҲԺϵѧ
һѡ˲٣ɼҪ㣬֮ǰڸλҲзḻ飬ɼġ
Ǳ㡣Ҫǰһܳɹ
ȴ԰ٷ֮ʮ֧ʣѡΪ˾ѧϯ
ʦ˵ģҪɼҲҪҪģܶѧá
˵ĳɾܴͣ塣ܴżһɹС
ڼϣ˸ţŸϵѧ֪ʶҲ˳ɼ˼棬дƪ£ȫ˰
ԣѧϯλãʵ顣
ѡѧ򱻰λ縱ϯš
󻹺Ѻõ֣񣬲ˡ
΢ЦǲӮֻǷֹͬδҲҪںͬ־ˡ
˶ɵЦΪѡе㲻ڵҲûˡ
죬ϯ
죬λͬ־
Ϊѧϯ֮Ͱŵְλóˡ
һ˾ʵޣҲӦø˻ᣬԼһ˲ҪЩλá
ǵͿ˸ᣬ뷨
οǵˣ糤Ҫˣ
ҪŸո׳Ŵȥء
û糤ܾȱˡ
ǶЦˣ㣬¶
˵Ҳ
ΪǿҲҪ˵壬õĶ˵㣬糤ˣǿﲻõģṩϵĹ
֮ǰһĹİɣȿû
ôָж־ûϲ˵ԼĻ㲻ȻǷǣһ˵ְ̫ҲܲѾѧϯˣԺҲǹǹܵģѵ糤Ͳܹˣ
̯֣Ǹҿ˵ù˵䡣
ųԱЦ
οҪ߰
ȻҲ뿪ѧУԺÿҲܼǾ;岻ͬˡͺķֱһ
ͬѧҲвᡣ
Ͼһ𣬸ǵĵ̡
ֹҪߣԺԽԽ˼ˣҲ뿪ġǴС
Ī˸ˡ
׷ף
糤Ժúøɣ㡣
㲻糤ҲҪμӢǣҺϲӢ
ǡ
һһӦˡ
ִͶƱѡ糤Ȼѡο
ɼҲãҲǴ֮һԵҲ
οЦģѧ
æЩ¶֮ҲѧУѧ˲࣬Ҳû¶׼ͷƶһչƻҪռͱϲ
ԼôҲǸѧɲˣҪͼ˷
Ϊæһû绰ˡ
绰ӵģһ״ˣ۶ˣֽдıֽ۶ˣˣ˵дúá۶ѧУʦۣ˵Ҫú԰
ҲˣѧУԴҪˣǸ
İɡ¶ġ۶ֳһѧˣ˽ˡֹӣĶҲء
θ߿֪ǲ඼ˡҲͼˡǵǷ߿ˣڶ﹤ռ͵Ĵѧˡ
ֻ㱨һЩ顣
Ǻ˵һ⣬˵Ѿ˲һЩƿԺСƿˣȻͬˣǾ͵ĳɱˡ²
Ц¶ȥ졣Ҫԡ
У˵ǾͷˡǵӴ󡣡
磬ûˣ
ʱûˣˣ۽ʳյͦã㶼֪㻹ɶ½
ţҵѧϯˡ
ɶѧϯǶĹٰ
һⲻǹ٣ֻǹѧģѧУڲá
¹ܹܶˣǿɶǴѧѧϯöб°ڵ绰ͷ˵ҵú˵ȥ㻹ɶ¶
ûˣü˲õǣһȥġ
ϣ˵绰ȻȲȥϲˡ
绰ͷЦЦ
ǳΪ˽ĸо
лҪ˵ôôա


205 
ŵ¶, ſʼѧᡣ
˵, ѧʵ൱һ֯ˡ
ڵѧỹԶԶûδôḻ
һҲʮ, ƽʱͰʦ, ֵ
֮󣬾ϣܹḻһ¡
ְܲһ, ѧҲһ㡣
ѧΪλٰһЩȻΪʱͬЩҲȥֻ
ЩҪǵġ
ÿʱ˸ƻ׼ĩѧԱᣬһһ¡ʵ֮, ͺѧУ, ѧְܲš
žǼΪ¶æµ͵ѧУﲻǶ¶, 㻹Լƻô๤
ѧУ涨Ӧ¶һҪô¶á, ѧܵõ˵Ͽ, 
ţ, ֪Ϊʲôܵ쵼ˡȦȦ﹤Լ˸Ȧ
žһ, ѱˡ
ԡţͷ
Ц˵ô񣬾λıŬԼ¶á
µϽģɶǳɹľ̸֮ԺǱҵˣҲҪôɡ϶Ҳܵ쵼
еžǻ¼ˡ
񣺡
ĩ磬øϯ֪ͨԱ翪֮ͳȥԪϿˡ
һʱںԪ̹¶ڶĸӲŷڿȥûȫͬˡ
ȫˣѧϯ
Ԫ鿴дˣ֪һƪȫˡ
֪µ׶Щûã֪³֮λԭЩִʦ϶ִˡ
Լ¶Ҳʲôϣˡ
Ͼдƪ£ˣ£ǲΪԼˡ
ڹԼǻ㽨ģҲʱҡ
һʿʱҹͻᱻָá
Ԫ¶ϲˡﻹЩڣ֪͸ֹдµġ
ʵ˭֪ôʦûʵԼʵˡ
ˣ˴ܵζôҲ벻ףƶϣΪʲôôƬصˡΪ벻ͨϿλЩ
ҲЩרˣʵԪǹææԸ졣
ԪҡͷǸˡ
Ԫ㲻úұǸϾǸ˹ʵġһǻҵΣһǵԪ˷ѧˡ
Ԫ飺һġ
Ǽо˿γ̡
¿֮׼ˣûȥѧ¶
ڸյѧϯ
Ȼ֮ǰҲѧᣬΪԶЩģǴͷʼˣԼ³̳
Ȼְ񣬾Ͳܵ衣
ԪҪߣ͡
ܾԪؿģҲҪѧУˡһЩְЩҪ
ԪҲͲǿˣһ裿
ôԼĥŹĸɶģ˿ʱ䣬ҲЦŵͷˡ
Ԫ˲裬ûϲʦȫˣֽҿˣдĺܺá
Ц˵ҪллԪṩĲϡ
ҲûʲôæԪҾǺܺ棬ҿĳʦϣвŻܹڹڽ裬Ǵӹʱңʲô
һĥԪһһⰮǵȻǹİҵңǽһ
ԪЦҪһ죬أ
ϸƸ
ˣֵĺʺϵְ˰ôЩҵҶҪ
ЦѾԼ֯ˣⱲӶܱԼ֯ģֻǲѡΪˣԺδûкĻᡣϾʲô֯ǵĿĶһģԪ˵ǲǣ
׿ھܾԪûһ뷨ˣЦŵͷǵġ˵öԡ
ҲҲʵԪðһ𣿡
Ԫ̯֣롣
ҵңԺһֱֹ֧ҽԸÿһƬأԼ㼣
ǵȻԪԥ
ڻ׬ǮعĿꡣ
ЦˣллԪԺĻܶġʱԪչ˼֡
ȻᡣԪ鵹ûϡΪΪѧ߲ԺضҪ䵽һЩҪŹͣҪҲĺܿ죬ʱԪѾڻվȽŸˣʱҲΪԪһǺûлˡ
Ԫֻǿ׵Ļɷˡ
ͨˣ֮ǰһֱԪǲбֵô
ϾЩʱ񡣵ͨˡ
ȻλڿԼԺҲ߱黪ء
Ǿ͵˵ˡװģֻҪԼ¶Ŀװȥɡ
ʱװװνˣҪǽ
˲裬뿪ˡ
ԪһվԺ
С°ˣԺֵ㻨ݲݵġԪˣͺ㱨ˣ˵ģװޣֻǻָԭӰԺֲֵô
Ԫͷүүô˵
˵ܣ
ү˭Ҳ
ԪǾôšˣƸһλԺȽ϶ࡣ
Сµ׼λʦְ
ԪЦһ£ʲôְˣ˰ɡ
Сһ£һӲŻܹӵõԪĸнƸ롣
֮ǰλʦһĽڿΣһڿСʱԪ׼ٵĹأҪǵǵÿٰ˵ԼҪߡ
ڻɱȺЩɲʶء
ⶼܾܾ
һʱ䶼֪ΪԼûоֶˣΪʧһ˲Ŷϧ
ʮΪԼϰǽѣģһΪҵһλʦҪ˲š
ԪСĲʺϵһ㣬ġȱ˲𣿱λʦרҵǿĶǡҪһĬ
֮ǰԼʦϵʱĬ
Щϧҡҡͷ
ѧУ˷˰Сʱȥᡣ
ʮѧԱˡ
ϯ֯
λͬ־ԺѧԱˣѧУҪҪѧУ涨ĸ۽ǵһοᣬҾͰҶѧİżƻҿ
˵žͽԼļƻ˴ģԼҲһһ顣
ԭеĲ棬һѧššڹѧšš⣬ְԭеĲŵְһЩų˹һЩ֮⻹ҪѧУѧ֮ìܣѧѡѧϵ顣֯ԼҲġٽӡ
һѧĹˡ
Ϊ˲ӰҵĹǵУԭҲԼһͨԱģԭеǲģúѧУ룬ˡΪǼȻҪѧᣬҪáѧ֯壬ѧΣҲܶѧϰ𵽰áҾô


206 
ϯѧ, ҲҪ, ԭҲǲμӹġ
ļƻ, ֻĲԩ
֮ǰԭеĻ, ˺ְܶˡģҸڳԵ, ôɡΪһɲãҲ׳
ϯǰǵûʲôڹѧô˵Ҫʰɡ
û, ѧУ൱һѧǿȡѧУĲ, ΪΪȡһЩĻᡣ
˻࿴˿ôȡѧУڹѧ㡣᲻гͻ
ѧУ̫ˣֹ󡣵Ȼ, ΪѧǲӰѧϰǵʱҲѡʽġǰڻḺģҲҪġ
񲿡ѧǮ
, ȥǮ, Ǯˡ
Щ, ŪǮ𣿡
ܵģ׶ô൥λأ۵ʱǸ֮, Ƕг˽ⵥλʵܼҵġҲҪЧĻᡣȻѧôܴ󡣱ǿ֯ѧͬ־ΪдģǷװŵ㣬μҪϵʱ򣬴Ƿװ·ʹľ֮ģѧ֮һǾôҲЩȫѧҲЩӰġ룬óǮȴܵõܴЧ棬˭᲻ã

۹ⷢ
Ȼô׬Ǯ
ܲμѧģ϶ǳˣⷬɲֹǵѧУ¶ģ档
˵Щ˼·ǴĴš
Ȼѧɲģⲻǽף֧ǸҲرǡһͶңһ
⻰˶ʱЦ
ѧ¶ҲҪĺ㣬ۿɲʱҡ
ǰô˵ⲿŻǺðҪŪǮԺٰѾˡ
ԺҪǮĵطܶࡣźбҪ
˶޳ɡž͸ûˡǮ֮󣬵вŹˡѧŰϯĽܣǸһЩѧĽҲǺҪġ
¶֮󣬴Ҷǩ֡
һΣͰ͸ѧʦˡ
һ죬ʦҲûظ
ĥٵһ죬ȥʦ
죬ûȵͨ½յ˼šյģҲӵģһЩ֪ģռͿѧǡ
һһ濴ˣΪƪ£иждġ
Ҷ˵ģռͳǣѾҽ裬ȻֻǸɵһͨĹǿռʹ޵еḶ́к̵ĸ
ͨԼ˫֣ıԼۿŹҷչԽԽõģָо϶á
Ժ׼Ͷҵģ˴ѧ֮ǶԼˡҲԼĿꡣ
رӣҲϴѧˣϼĴѧš
ᵽˣԺ׼ʦһ
ռ͵ľҲ֣һطĽĺҪռǰȫä˼Ҳܳ¾ɣЩ֪ûа취ìܡѧУ֮󣬲Ǵ˻ǺӣıˣӾãҵĽҵҪԽҲҪչܴӸϸıƶ״̬
Щݣ˲Щȵ۾
󿴵յš
㣬̫жˣҲ֤ڹڹȻҲȥⲻұʾҵľġ㣬֪Һͬѧ˵ҽ㣬쵼ǿĽˣֻеɻΪʲôҺһ㶼˵ҿû¡
Цˡ
ҲǿԵʱ򿼵Ĳô㣬Ҷ˰ҿûҿơЩ˿ǹֵ֡ľ֪걨ֽ֮󣬾ȻصշתĴ˵绰ѧУҵң˵Ժ϶ģ϶ڹڵģȻԺһҪ˵ȥ˵ʦһϺȣΪǷչ·ϵİʯҹչȡʱ䡣
񣺡Ժעˡ
û˼ʱɣͦװͦṴСģǸ˼ˣƵ¶
շǿԼһֹѧרҵ֪ʶʦԲϺȡԲСˡ
ЦŸһһţǻžʱ䡣ҲдԼѧУһЩԼĿ
Ҳʹ˵ˣڽͬʱҲڳɾԼͺ͵ռһ޵еĽ裬ռͷչˣҲṩ˱ȽϺõĴҲõռԱǵءǻرڻ˹ƽֻ̨ҪҺúøɣɼδҲضҲ˵һЩĿǰ׶ߵı仯δ߻ԽԽá̫ܻеյʱ
дţװŷ⣬ԽʡҲΪδνĳȳ˲ʧġ
ΪڻôһŬͶˡ
δܹչô죬ҲΪڹڵڷŬ
ȻѾ֪ˣҲûҪΪЩ鵣ˡ
ľ˸ı䣬˱øʣԼҲѧύȥ룬׼ˡһǽУ׼ġ
УдˣҪڱҲҪñ
֧Ƕѧĸı䣬ͬʱҲǼȻıˣҲҪãɼ
ѧԱһ仰ʱ򣬴ּЩš
ǰЦϯش󰡣ס𣿡
ҶסǶסѧڿһϵˣ²£
Цϯ£۾Ͳ¡
Ǿͺã۾ͿʼˡȰ˸ˣźøɻŸƸǣԲ¶ȫȨǺֱӰҡһйʾ⣬ֱҸˡ
ôţſɾ͸ˡ
ɲģ˭Լ¶ʱҪʱ̱˶ţҲⰡ
ѡĶѧУ֮ˣԼģͺ״ˣ԰ѹá
һλ춫ʵϯ㵱˦ƹ񣬲ǰ¶ˣû¶
ȭҶлˡ
ֱˡ
æأ¶ǰڴҿ϶Ϥҵȥף׶ЩλΪչܽһ£ԺѧиĿġһĥ˰æأҪ۷ͷж͸ǰͬѧæ
ǰ
춫ϣ岻ݴǵ顣
Цˣ¶ԼɣǻƸЩ²ŵͬ־ҲҪ
ǰ춫ͷӦˡ¶Ǹɵǻһ䣬治ðæѽҪæǿԷֵġ
ʱáСҪĻʿĹ
ѧĳԱҲˣɢͿʼжˣһѧ˵ѧУԺϵÿ¥涼÷۱дˡ
һҪƸôˣЩԭûȡˣˣϽȥ
رӵΪ²ţӦû˺ñģȻܶ˶ŸȤһЩ˵Ӵ󣬾ϲ˴򽻵ѧ
ѧæ˵ʱҲÿæĽŲմصģûεʱ򣬾ܡ
ϸԼСü¼
ЩϢֹѧõԺҲкܶôġԺڹѧ֮ģԼǾѧϵѧҲҪ
æһڣ׼ĩȥԪϿΣС¾ˣ˵ܲҪϿΣԪȥϷӲ칤ˡ
ʱмѣæԪߵĺð
ɴԼĵй
׶ͦʱ䲻Ҳĵꡣɴһ֣ԺͬѧԼУҲǰϤһг
һܵʱ䣬ѧ˵Ĺ
йʾ졣
ʽһδᡣУѧƸɡ
ѧԼİ칫Һͻҵġûȵġ
񷢱һĵĽȰѸŵĹһΪѧʿ˺ܴĹףչ˸ЧĹԼ۹⡣ҶѧδĹģ
⻰˵ĸŶЦݣʮͬϯⷬ
ۻˣ
Ҳ̵ᵽ˵ɲĲסΡ
佱ֽ֮żҲҪˣϹˣѧһϣλóԼ汾˿ѧԱι䣬ǸᡣǿչʾԼ֮⣬ܳᣬȥͬ־
Ավˡ
²ŵ˲ࡣ
ǸһšҲһڴӡ
Цŵְ𣿡
ˣ
һŮѧŵ
Ҳʾû⡣
Ÿأûп˵ԼеġģǶŵġ
Ҳ㹻ΣǼȻ˵УǾС
ȥĲҪŪһЩҪķװˡȻҪֽҲбˡ
Ҳ˹ָÿԱôһоݣηҲһЩţһЩæûѧϰ
ԭѧᣬѾæĽŲմصĳԱԼҪˡ
Ȼ¶࣬Ϊȷ֮ҲѧϰƻûʲôӰˡ
һЩйѧ֪һ쵼ĺôˡ
ΪÿѧԱ漰棬ҲøոտʼΪѧǷУѧѧУ˼ǿĴڸС
ѧϰ涼ǵӰ˸ڹѧҪѧȥ
ɸټͥѧ˴æˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ˵㻹һ


207 
ڹѧҲű, Ժôš
ѧУڹѧ, ѧУһЩ, 벢ߡžʳù硣
ϣܹҵһЩ, Щѧܹѧá
½ڵǸ˼磬ҳ½Ǹ㷭ġ
½æŽѧ, ʱ䣬ҶһЩͨ빤ûʲôѧѧϵרҵҲʵ᲻֪ѧҪڹѧͰϵʽˣԼȥϵ
, м, ԼҲ׼ϵ磬Լ֮ģ˳ʦнܣɹȻˡ
ſɿʱȥȥ˳, õŵһЩĸȥǿʾʱ׼롣⣬ޡ
Һͳ½æµ, ҲǮϽڱ, ѧҲѧĺô, Ǿշѱˡѧʦʱ࣬иʱ䷭롣ɹ̸ҳ硣ƪŷ, ˮƽ̸Ƿ
̸ӢĸڹѧŵѧԱ˲ѡ
⼸Ѿ½кЩѧˣֻҵѧУһЩԶԶĹǾͺöˡ
Ψһһ̫԰ֻõѧѧûˡ
Ҳѧ㣬ҵר
и뷨ڻָ߿ˣ˶ϣܹϴѧˡѧҳҲʼעغѧϰˡ˵Ҫǿ࣬ô
ࣿ
ʱÿĿƳɼѧʦÿĩΡҲСԸ֮⣬ԳСѧ۶ա
ԼѧУǳأоǣԼѧУ㲻ʱң
ЦʱңۿüҳǮ̺ӣ͹
˴ѧ֮⣬ǻṩżͥһһ񡣻߸ɴ͵ѧУҸĽҸúǰУΧ
ûѵ࣬Ҳûи֮ģôһ㣬ѧϡˡ
˵ĵ𣿡
Ҫͬ־ûб¸ˡ
˵ʵڵģ뵽ڹѧˡΪ֮ǰԼ͵ҽ̡
ְҲ
гʵڲԾܹѧṩļְʵ̫̫ˡ
ѧĸ඼ûУԼһˡ
һǿԽܶ˾ҲġʦСʦһһӢﻹҪԱ񣬻Ҫġ
ȻţҲΪû࣬Ҫ뿪ԼŬ
뷨ѧһ˵һĿɿڴ
ϯ⣬ȷУ
ǰ˿ڿˮ
ԼͻȻҵһ׬Ǯ·Ȼ·Ҳֻܿţǲġ
Ǿãλϯ׬Ǯ˰
ܸΪڹѧʲôѵࡣ
Ǹһˡ
ûҲ֪Ҳģȥ߿ͶˣⶼˣѧҳҲóѧϰҪˣ뿼ѧԣֻҪǴпΪġϾλҲǴѧ߲ȫ߿վڼϵ˲ţǲǣ
⻰ɰЩѧ˵ĽˣһͦţŬѹǵЦݣЩֲ˼ġ
˵ʵѵ࣬µľûкʦ۲ʦ𣿲ѧУһǳɼĴָȻѧҲΪʲôأΪڻû˺׶ôгҲҪ̫ԶģѧУˣʡʱ䣬ôǲӰѧԼѧϰġ
ȻѧҲʦۻʲôѵص㣬ΪǰڿûѧѧУϿΡȷˣⷿȥѧУǺܶĺԺҿЩĺԺǿյģȥȥ
л׶ⷿӺܱˣһĺԺΪѵ÷ãȫеġ
Ӿ͸ˣˣѧУⲻҪ̭Ͼ𣿡
лԪҡ
ⶼƻ׵ˣҾȻ᲻ˣĴпΪʦѧÿζˣʲô

ҶͬһЩԾԾԡ
ΪѧǷԼѧУڲ¶ܸѧУ¶
;رгɾ͸С
ᱲˣô
Ϊ漰׬Ǯ¶ˣúѧУ˵һѧУС
˭гأһСı˾ٱӶˣҲֵĲÿ
¶ȥùѧʦһ
ʵڲ룬һѧỹȥѧ˿ѧ
ѧУʦҲûϣҲ󣬶ȥѧ¶ǻûûϹʲôѵġ
ûʲôܸ
ֱȥѧУڹѧǼǣѵڹѧ档ԺѵѧУһڹѧˡʲôҪס
ʾÿµ֧йʾѧͼҳйʾѵ಻׬ǮΪĿģ֧ˮѣԼԱʷ֮⣬κӯࡣ
ֹ涨˽ҵ飬ҿԽ裬ԱҪǼǡڹѧ߿Ʊ£ԺЩѧƾµƱšԱ롣
ѧУܵˣҲ׼ѧ֤֮ģҲòϣΪһˣǮˣȥĺԺȥ
ѧУ׿ϣѵͿԿʼٰˡ
Щ¶Ǹȥģòˡֻŷˡ
ҲĦȭƵģϯѴ򶼸ˣߣǾûġһҪĸ㡣ҪȻԵԼˮƽϯ̫ˣϻͦÿġ
ǰĿҪҪ߿ѧЩѧҪѵ࣬ԼҲǾ߿ģе㾭顣ѧʱ򣬾ԲѧôŴҵ
ѧˣֱȥѧУȥС
ЦˣȻԣ
ŮЦˣҼѧУ
֯ͬѧԿʼѡʦˣѡòϣҲõϵġ
֯ӦˣǻһЩ
ԡ
ڵĹҲܵˣЭæʲôҪҴģʱҡ
û⣡
иɲǶ
¶ŵģǾԼ
ֵҸоʱѧܻãڸϵ﷢չɲЩɲԺ϶ҲУѧĽӰˡȷչһ꼶Ϊҷ񡣡
ǰˡ
ѧ˶Ц֯ʾȰ
ǰ֪ѧô๤Ҫæġ
ڸϯ£¶ɲˡ
һϹæǴ¶һҲܵˡ
лҪ˵ϣҪεĺǱ񡭡
Ժÿ춼ô磬ðҹˡ


208 
, ѧԱܿÿʱ, ʼжˡ
Ϊ㹻ָɻ, ѧԺϵгѧˡ
ѧȻǵòѧУϿɵ, ѧϿɡԺУѧȱԴѡ, Ǹôˡ
Ժϵѧ¶һЩûѡУѧ˾ͻˡôǸᡣ
ܿԺϵ˸С͵ѧᣬԺϵѧæ˴ˡ
ѧſʼҪ࣬ԼƸʦϢˡ
Ҫ뵥ƳɼͻΪѧԭ, ѡš, ۺ֮⣬⿪οθ࣬СȤѵࡣ
ҪиʦϢ֮ˡ
ָ㸨, ѵʦ¶ͷһΡ
Щ˶ϡ档
رǺЩЩѵĴѧ˷ܲѡѧУڹѧ̫ˣ벻, ѧϰƷͰ͵ġ
Ϊ, ҲúͼҪǮ
ֲռƽʱϿʱ, ÿϢһȥϿεĺò£ֱΪЩѧġ
ѧϰǮء
һЩﲻѵҲ뱨ˡԼ׬㻨Ǯ, Ҳܲ
žҲˣۻ׼֮󣬾ͰʳǷݹǵ
ʳùȻܳԱƽʱ϶ҪȥԼþЩܲסˡ˸ʵĹҲԿ
ţҲ뱨ʦ϶ܼңǰһ˶ȥˡ
־ȼˣ찡ô˱ϵҲ˱˵ʲôСְ༶
ǼҰžĪĽˡ
Цо˼˵Ҫһ㾺ûУǻʲô
˵öԣǾҵáţ׼ȥѵʦĻǲġԼˮƽô
ֹͬһģᶼ¶
һɶȥѧ֯ѯͳһ˽Ϣʲô¶Ƕù¹죬ҪȻһң˵˵ž˵ǿɾͲðˡ
Ϊ½½˶࣬ѧҲѹˡ
ĵʱвѧ¶
ϽŴкԼŰˣҪвѧЩý
İɣһоС
ӦƸǶⷽسҲϲġ
ϴϯǿ֮Ϳʼжˡ
һר˳дһϽÿʱȥڴСԺϵѧֶ֮һˣͷڸĸнʦæ
ԸʦҲкôģѾԼϿһЩѧʦҲǹٵġ֪Ҫѵ࣬Ȼܰæ
ѧҲߣΰ࣬һѧÿһĿһҲǮĲηѡۺ۶һơȫƲϰ⻹һѧϰˡ
׶ˣϼﶼְͥ׶ˮƽҲͣͨҲʮˡһǮ治ࡣ
ȻѧУҪܶ࣬һԼѧһǮҲʲôˡ
ڶʮ·ˣ߿һʱ䡣㱨ȫƣμۣһ°˿ǮһʮͶʡ
һǾ߲İ༶ЩʦںЩʦˮƽء뷨ˡ
½½ѯ˻٣ű١ϾǸ¶ӴЩ
һУüӰѻ𣬺˼˼棬˸ӣ˾Ķ㣬һÿ޶ʮ
ҪҲ뱨ô죿
ȿȣǵʱʱӰ༶¡
Ҫϯ˵𣿡
ϯ֮ǰ˵ȫȨ˵
Ȼ¶û㱨񵽵ǵιϵ糤ˣѧһϵŵԱء˽㱨ˡ
һ֣ͦͦõģ취⣬Ӧ
ȻԼЩͬѧǸˡ
ǴһĴ˼άˡӪˡ
취ãЩѧͼҳһƣЩԥ˵Ͻˡ
ҲͼǮ¶һǱģǮȥҲܲˡ
ѧĲ񲿵ѧæµˣѧнˣȻЩǮʱǱܵģȸ֮ЩǮҪ񵥶ܺѧһ
ȻʱģɿЩǮѧǻǾ̾ˡ
˵ӦòжǮģǡҲ̫Ǯ˰ɡ
ÿĿǮֱӱȫƣѡıơ뵥˸
ͷһѧѧѾа˰ٶˡ
ôһǮ񲿵ѧǾԼѹЩ
Ǯѧ
ˣôˣѧУ治㣬ڸⷿȥ
ѧ񲿲Щۣÿĩõķӣƽʱţ˷Ѱ
˲֮󣬿ŽˣԭҲôŵˣҲÿþϸ㣬ΪԼ֯ʡǮ
ЦʱĩԺǻԸʦϿʱ䣬ٰһЩƽʱİءֻҪ취ܻģǮѧѧģ۲ҲС
񲿳ˣҲԣϯôǮڿǮ
ҷӵ¶Ǻңֱȥֵ´ЩӿţЩ⣬˼Ǳһ
ָ߿ѧڱҲģֵصһȺˡ
˵ЩҪⷿӣֵ´ͬ־֧֣ͦҡ
ܿϵһˣһĺԺСΪ칫ң߸䷿һ䷿Ϊ칫ҡ
ⷿӻǸʰģԭΪ칫ҵģˡҲһλʦѾˣ׼ˡڼţ˵һȺѧҪⷿӰѵ࣬һʮͬˡ
λ棬һλ׷ԲԵϴү
ʦ
λʦǰ֮ǰǽ̸У˶ѧٱˣϱźӸļޣҲ֪ȥھŸӹӡ
һҪסģȻҲӰǣҾһ䷿ԼŰ졣
ϿΣܻЩϾӶ࣬˵֮ģ᲻Ϣ
ᣬǰҲסѧУʦᣬʦν
ЦǾûˣס棬Ҳⰲ˿ŷˡʡ¶ˡ
ʦôŸѵࣿеǰ˽ӡ
һΪѧӡϣδ˶Ǵѧ
һĴѧҲǺ־ġ
ʦݵ
Լǰ̵Щڿ϶Ҳһϴѧˡ
ȻΪԭٵʦˣܹЩѧӳҲֵðοˡ
Ӷ֮ѧŵĳԱѧһȥʰӡ
鳯Ѿ⵱Լҵˡ
ķӣ⣬Ժǵĵˣ
ˮʱʱģˣϽɻ

˷·òÿҲʰһСʱ͸ˣһλ鷨ѧֱëдһֹſڣΪл֮飡
лҪ˵ôôա
˾ףҵȥһ£ڶʱһϸģôôա


209 
طʰ, ΡΪ֮ǰԪðµ, Щɵ½ʼ̭ˡ
ͺʦһ˵, ҲøǮ, ѧܰˡ
Ϊ˰ЩΣټһѪѧ, һ˿һѵ͡
һ·Ϸ𣬸ۡ
УУ쵼ӲѧУͼݽƣʵǸʲô
ڴ쵼͵ѧ, ˸Уѵ, ҪЩɵΡ
УУѵࣿʲô
¶˺ü죬Щʦѧ֪Ҹʦһʾˡ
У, ǲӰѧǵѧϰ
ѧ˵ˣϸƴʦϿʱ, ÿֻаʱϿΡʱ䶼ѧϰʱ䡣
Уͷ, ͻȻЦ, һѧᣬǰķġ
Уӡ󼫺ãҲƼѧ, Ҳ˵ûѾæ˺üˣѧ˶ˣҲĺãرһ飬ɸǺܴİˣ¥Ҫˡѧȥ顣˰ѧѣѧⶼѧṩ˼İ
УЦѧӦЩãҪѧΡͬʱҲǶǵһĥԺϹλˣҲӦЩɶǺѽѧϯҲܲ˴ͷá
УЩϾƼѧ˵۹ܺð
Ժǰѵһ
Ϊ㹻ʱ׼ѵඨʮ·ݿࡣ
ڳ֮Ķ׼ˣѧҲеĲˣ͵ʦѡ˿ˡ
֯Ҳݱ˸Ƶ⣬ǽпˡ
ԶЩѧ˵Ƕ¶
һĦȭƵģ˷ܵĲˡ
¶ǲĲϵģȥԪϿΡ
ԪҲǸջ׶ãԼ˿γˣ͸Ͻϡ
׼ٶϰ죬֮ǰĿγ̲ϡ
һܾˣǸԪйţûϿˡ
Ԫѧôæ𣬡
˸ѵࡣ
ѵʺԪһ顣
Ԫʱ۾ˣΪľãгпΪδ϶кܶҪѵ
ܿȫѵѧУǺܲ¢ǲˣѧУԴض
ϧʱܰ졣ԼʱҲˡ
˵ЩʦĴѧ϶Щѣ뿿Լ׬ѡ
źҪְȫϵҵġԪ׶Ҳа칫ص㡣Ϊ֧ƶѧǿʵĵӰѧϰ
ź
ô˵ͦ⣬תһ룬ײѵࡣ
ԪİҲǷˣڻû߳У԰˵ǲҪǷˡû
Լѵ࣬Ҳôѧ
ѵѧУԼڲҲùҪǵԪϰͲһˡ
ͦ࣬ԪЩź֪ˣܾӦ׶ҲõϢˡôĴѧЩڻǱȽ϶˲ˡ
Ƹ˲ţҪӹнƸ롣ɽ
ڻУҲԽ˽⵽Ȳֹȱ˲š
Щ˲ŻǰģֲЩҵλʦѵ࣬ҲǶѧѧԼ˻Ҫԣ
ʱǿԿѧûȰŽԪ󻹿ѧģЩ˲žͺԪһˡ
΢΢һЦһ¶񣬡˵Ҫѧˣʦ֪𣿡
治֪
ԪϢȷ𣿡
ԪͷϢȷԪҲ˵㹤ԪΪѧʣṩѣڹǡ
Ԫ塣
ԪЦЦ
ǮȻǰ׳ġǮҲ͹ˣЩԸԭԸѧ֮عѡԪҲֱΪҹںôǻǣѡ棬ԪЩصѧ׷⳥
Ͼֻܲõô
ʵʦѧȻ֮ǰд£ţѧӦܽܵġ
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ѧѧҲ׼ⷽѧоʵڲؽʱ仨Щ档ڵ֪ʶˡ߱ʮķչ֪ʶ
ԪҲͲµҲûʧ
Ǻ棬Ǯѧᶼ򶯲λʦ
ҵʲôסˡ

ԪߵõѧĻ֮Ҳûôˡ
Ҳ뿪ˣԸˣض˭Ҳס
ʵһĲˣҲסúõڵ˲ţúøùڷչȹҷչ׳ˣ˲Ȼڹˡ
⵹Ǹ˸ѣѧһԺ͸ˣϸĸ￪ţЩҲ׼ȥġ
ʱ컹ԿһЩ࣬һЩҪˡ
ȻЩõʽ֮һȶ˲ܰš
صѧУʱѵʦƸѾˡ
һȺѧĳԱԾĳˣڷ˲飬³
һǾͰ񿴡
ɼǺ㣬ǲ֪ܲܽÿΡԻÿǿʱ֪ͨǵʱҲ˵ǵĿ˻ƣÿ¶ҪǵڿġĲãͲˡȻΪڹѧҲܲظѧѵѧҲǾ֡
ҪõѧгԱͬ
Ǿˣѧϵѧԣ˼Ҿ̲ͨУý˵ôģѧֻд˸𰸣ڽдô򵥻Ҫд
ҪȥʦѧǶÿޡ
֪ͨЩ¼ȡѧʱ򣬶ඣһ䣬ÿ˵ģԼڿ׼ҪԼǴѧͰѧѧˡ˵ֱ׵ģ˼Ҵѧû׼ϸ࣬ϸģΪɼ롣ʱ򽲵ѧǾͻ¶ˡ
ѧҲʵѧҪûëԼǮ飬ܻܲӡǿǽҪ߿ѧġԼӣϴѧǴ¶
Щ¼ȡѧдţýԼ֮ǰϰĿαԼѧϰʼǼǹ
׼Լ֮ǰĸ߿ϰ׼һݽ̰ҪԼ֪ʶѧϰڸԼѧǡ
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ʦѧѵص㶼׼׵󣬹Ҳˡ
ѧУ䣬ѧҲǳ˴ġ
׼Ŀ׼أôѧָϿ֮󣬵һ䣬֡
ѧϵ˸ýĿ߿
ʹûʽݳģһȺ֪Ϊǣݳʱָ߿֮ǰԼָ߿֮龰
̨һŮ֪˵ĸ߾ҡţĸԶǣָ߿ˣϴѧˣ
ܶѧᡣ
оʱԼ
һ飬һеĿ
ⳡ磬ѧУǶμµˣԼĻǶô֮סԼٸҹҹͷѧſġ
һСֲѧϰˣֿʼ
У޵ĿĺáݵҲá
У˵ѧдĴ٣ѧϵѧĹ¡˵Ϊ˼𡣡
Уͷ뷨ܺãڰݵĻʱ䳤ˣͻı䣬òԼˡܺãżһ£Ҳиˡ
УΪȻ
Ĳ˵ѧϵ֮ǰһշ磬Щѧѧ˼дʲôʫ֮ġѧû⣬һĳУΪ֤ԼĲŻרҵ֪ʶǾͲˡ
ΪѧУ쵼⣬֮ѧյѧУĽ״ˡ
ѧ֯
ɹˡ
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Уص̸ˣ˵״ֹΪ䣬ΪѧѧУĺóɼԼѵĽ
УʱǺܹܲڶʱ֮ôĹܲѧҵѵáҲǳɹͬʱѧҵҲܵġ
˲ѣûУѧּǣԼѧĺãȻҲѧúáȻҾù⿿Щ˿϶ҲǲģˣرԺϵѧģ˺ܶŬ
УͷԼ֯һʱѧУšԺϵѧڵıҪҲ͸ԺϵҪ󣬳ǵѧ֯λ
һŬùҲѧ֪ʶ˵
ԼҲġ
ЩѧǣϽڷܿ̿࣬˵״̬õʱˡ
ҪŻвŻҪо
һȺͬѧһЩһⶼûС
Ҳ¶ѧĸɲ˵ˡ
ҲܼѧĹģ飬̫гɾ͸ˡ
ЦȻⶼǺ£ҲˡѧУǣһᣬҲҪɼҪáرǸ֮ϹһҪĬϵĺãҶɡ°빦رǸҪˣǵһԣɹˣǺشġ׶ɲѧأҹƶдѧˣԸҪãɼ
ǰоЩѪڣͷĸоѧǾѧɲġ
˶־Цˡ
лҪ˵ôôգŵ
ʵһЩˣˡ
¶ҲЩ򣬺֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡұɱεóľ飬(?_?) 


210 
ʮ°, ϰͿˡϾǿѧһ, ԪԼ, Ͽʱ֡, ÿϰ
ЩʦǵһθϿΣϿεѧҲǵһϲϰ, ûʲô飬ġ
Ϊ˶ԵԼõĹʣʦҲϻˣ׼ʼΡ
ѧ֣ʵʦ, ߿ٷְ
οεһλͷ, ɫƵ⻰ΪѧѧĲãΣʵʵ, ֪ʡƸ߿һ
Ү߿һ
ѧǶһ¡
ǾΪɼô, ԲŻѵϰ, ˵ʡһ, ܿѧУһζЦˡ
ʦǶİ, ѵǷǳѡʦרƳɼġ
ǴӦƸʦѡš
˵Żе㲻˼оԿһ
Щѧȴܼ
ôʦôõѧУѡѧǣöߵˮƽ
ˣл˵ˣǵĿҲߣѧɼﵽʮ־ͲˣȻܿʮֵȻáҾһʼĿ겻Ҫ̫ߣʮָոպá

һĬѧɪɪ
ʮ֣Ŀ껹ߣʦǾҪͦ͵ġ
ʦεĻǣһĽĽαȻ濪ʼϿΡ
ʦҪߣѹҲܴ
Ѳ˼࣬״̬ȽϺãͷˡ
һʼҵϼڿҲͺˡ
ֻϣ߿ѵܳóɼɣҲΪҲϣЩѧΪѧӳҲѵˡ
ѵӿ࣬ѧһ£඼
׼ʼѶԷѧʿʱѧУͻȻϢˡ
Ҫѧˡ
ϢһֱѧУѧˡ
ΪѧζſѧϰȽ֪ʶ
ڿεĽڣֱԲĸǣ֪ʶȽģõļѧ󲿷ֶŷҡ
Ϊѧرѧ˭ѧϰȽ֪ʶ
ѧ϶¶ˡ
ѧѧҪѧϰѧЩѧѾá
лˣȻ
кܶѧʣ
ҡͷһ̯¶һ߲ôõĻᣬҲúȡ
ǿҪԹƷġ
ȷʵ٣һҲͼΪ˾ѧУҲŵġ
̯û١
ˣѧǻǳΣÿ춼ڹעϢ
ˡ
ЩЩ˼㣬ҿҪˡ
ȣҪˣ
ͷǽ̸ˣ˵Ƽҡұ˵Ը
˵Ǻ°ûУ
ҴӦˣˣҲˣ㣬һġ
Ц㡣
ץץͷЦǽҲ˵ء˵Ǹѧ
ˡ
㣬ʵ֪û㣬ûҵĽ졣ȥУҸϰҪȻҿܾڼֵˡûлʶӹ硣
ǿԼŬҲѧҲοΪԼеҡ
ûˣͼ˵û
ûϢ֮ҾˡЩ˼
Ͻ׼ȥ绰绰͹ˡУһ˵ˡ
šͷڴ
ȷϵĺϢԼҲУȥ̸ˡ
˵ѧУⰲȥѧϰ
רҵɼҲ㰡
˾֮Щ֪ʶûʲôˣѧԶǡƽʱбĹ޷˱ƴɼ
УɼҲǺģȻǵһϵǰҲеġѧᵣϯڼҲֺܺáҪǣ˼á
˵Ǻƪйء
˼ǰ
ּѻ֮ѡѧѧҲܿ˼뷽档ϾΪ˲ţ϶ϣǻġ
ΪȡЩѧҲһЩҪȻҲЩѧֱӽУ
һԭ򣬸ͬˣУұûгѧ뷨˵ҵѧûƻҵְҵϣҵ֮󾡿صλѧУڼ䣬ҲڵλĹҾᣬԸҪˡ
Уǳѧôˡ
ͷţֻ˸ʺԼѡ񡣡
ðɡУͦϧġǺܿġ
ˣڹҲãԺҵʱλѧУʦҲá
ѧ¶û˵Ҳû˵Ͼûɵ飬Ҳ˵ȥϢҲ֪ﴫˡ˵Ϊ˹ڵĹѧˡ
ţҲ˵ˣ񣬡˰
ô֪ģ
˵ģȥʦϣʦ칫۵ġ˰
ͷǰ־ڴˣѧ˵ˡ
Ժ·ߣѧˣԺڸְоȫá
һȺΪϧӡ
Цÿ·ʺԼĲõġһáֻҪߺԼѡ·ҾöǺõġ
ǰ˵öԡţŻȻˡ
Ϊѧ飬Щ˶Ĳɵĵš·õ·ˡ
ʵϣô٣˻ȥ˵ġֻ߳Լ·õġ
ˣѧϵѧϧˡ
ȻҲ˾ѧϵΰ
ΰ֮ǰ׹ΪδĹ滮ͳһûɡ
εõΰԾԼǿͬѧŵõģܾԼǷ˱ˡ
˼ڤһҹڷѧ·صͬѧҾ˼ǣҾáҿԸıҵ
ɶ
֮ǰûпܸıԼ뷨ҾǸ߱ÿһƬ֮ġҲǿԵġ
񣺡ⶼҪˣ˵ЩôˣҪ𣿡
֪ԭ㡣ѻ˱ˡΰ
һ̲סЦˣôô룬Ϊ¶Լ룿治Ҫġ˫붼ζˣ룬ֵǱּᶨģʱ
ΰҾ;ãʲô
ҡͷ治ҪԼȥΪڹڷ㹤Ҫȥѧϰһ㵱˵ҪѧоߣҪѧ
˵ʲôͼסıġ
ΰ֪˼ͻȻЩźӦûشҲھͲһˡ
ͬѧǺֵ𾴵Ůԡ
ԼĶһһֱ
Ҽסˣлл㣬ͬѧҲӦ㣬ҵ롣һǻĻ
ҲҲף㣬ѧɹ
лҪ˵ôôգҸ߹Լ״̬ˣдĺ


211 
Ȼûȥѧ, ȷˡ
ѧУҪϵȥ˶ࡣɼһֱܲ, ѧУҲӸ濼, ѡۺܳɫѧѧ
һ, ֵһʱϲˣѾˡ
, Ķˣͨ졣
Ҳʮ꣬ǸСӣûܳھȻֻˡ
Ž˵ЩУЩȽʵ, Щ϶ѧ, ͼѡ
ҲΪˡ
ѧӸ˵ȻȽܶࡣһڸоܵõĻᣬġ
۸绰Ȼȥݷóʦʦлǡ
æͷûЩʦָ, ҲʵĻ
ڴѧ֮󣬺ЩеĺӱȣûоԼܶǻѧ͸
ȥ绰ռͱϲ
϶ǲܻȥ, ѧУ׼, Ȼʱһͳ
ӵ绰С
СΪɶָʾ, һ⻰СĲѻͲˡϽȥԱߵİѲ򿪣ŻͲ, ҵģҪˣϽӰ칫ҽӵ绰Ҫˣ˸Ͻӵ绰
ϢһӾͨ㲥ռʹˡ
ڸɻ˶ˡ
ɶûɣҪˣ
¶ռ͵Ա˵ֱ̫ϡ棬̫ңԶ¶ˡԶֻڹе顣
ԼҪˣֱͺƵġ
رռˣ⻰컹ûӦСˣ°вĲŸϽǱܵġ
үү̶ֺǺǵ׷ȥˣɩҲˡ
һΧŵ绰ʻͷϢɼˡ
Լܵҵİųȥѧ£ԺعҪ¡
ԺҪоɶɻ֮ġĶ
ʵǴȷȽ⡣
ռ˾;ԺǸ¶ˣԼҺĶ죬ö°
°ϲֹסгϢгϢΪ㽾
ڵ绰ͷҲ۾Լûй˵
үүҲǸ˵⡣
Ȼﻹǵġ
ı±󣬿϶ҲҪ
̣Ҳġ
ɶ㲻ˣզܲأǲѧУⰡУ϶⡣ȥʦզ£ɲ㰲š
̾ôԼŮĿõģܳˣŮҲܳġ
ѧУ͵̣ѧУҲҳģҾܾˡڹ¡ҺһҪҲá
ɶܾˣΪ£
Ŀ۰զôɵأ
°ҲĨᣬ񰡣զͼõ¶
Լˣϣڹ£۹顣
Ǿ;᲻ռͣǵռء
ܵĲˡ
ѾˣҲ˵ˣ˵ˡ
Ҳû¶ҪúõŬɱ涪˹ӡѧ˱¼ǵûˡ
֪ˣҶأү̣裬Ƿİɡ
˵绰֮ռ˲߳칫ңſھкЩ˵Ŵˣ¶ȥˣǲǵóˣʱ᲻ᱻ۸˿ɻˡ
°ĺ۾ᣬǼ¶ǹҰŵģŹҳȥģû˸۸ѧȫء
ӴιԭǴҰǴ°
ɱȳҪռ͵Ľ
Ϊ˭Ҳû֪⵽զҲǺ¶
ǴҾͲһˡ
ôңöб£ܱѡ
ǳϢˣ̫бˡвģԺи
вĺͳ°Ц죬ּ۾ͮͮġ
ȷʵĻҪϢ
°ԼҶֻҪϸѧǸũѧУʱҵ˷䵥λڳﰲ仧Ǿ¶ˡ
û뵽һ̫ˡ
ҲмҪжˣܿϴѧء
ҲۼķȻЦţż̾һ£ʵ̣ôϢզˣ
ɶΪҼ񡣡˵ų̾ɵӣѧУҲѧϰأԼܾˣ˵᲻ռͣҪΪռ£ȥ˵ɵɵ
Ϣɺ䶯ˡ
Ҫ䶯
ԭֹһܳҲܳ˵ˣôϢզܱأûܳȥ
ԭԼܾˡһΪռ͡
⺢ӣզôأҲ̫ϧˡ
ռ͵۰
ôõĻᰡٺһӶ벻¶ôܾˡΪռ͡
ﻹидǶռһƬʵⰡǰ̶Ҫˡ
̫ϧˣôõĻᰡ
զôʵأڹҲˣˣȥѧð
۶ˡԼҪб£Ͳõˡ
Ȼְοүү̣̰ˣǸгϢģǲȥǶѧҲбµġԺ϶ǵɲӡӲġ
̶ԼŮҲţЩҲô˵Ըˣ̹ˣǿɲҼ֮ǰûϴѧ͸ɵôã˴ѧˣܲ
ǿɲ۶Ϣӡѧϰء
Ժ϶ܵس
سǶĹˡ
Ҳܽ
ҪԼŮسˣǿǱȳˡ
ܹóĻᣬ⵹ռ͵ԱǸӺӵѧϰˡ
ԭĺãֹܹϴѧܹлѧϰѧȫء
Ƕô
Ϊ˾ԼģҿüšرСʱ򴩿ɿӶǵء
Լӿ϶Ҳ
ֻҪԼĹܹܣúһһѧϰǾѧá
ǶԼҲģҲģԼҲ
ɶյأԵףȵˮһ϶Ҳһ
ǲ֪ռ͵ЩֳȥһЩˮȥ½ڼݷá
·һֱ񣬰̾
զˣ֮ǰǺܸ𣿡
㣬ΪɶȥǸдµˡ
Ҫţ·ͨ׶ܳǶܴԼԸҪġһֱڱ仯ڹڣߣ߸ɣõĻɲѧٶۣҵҪʵСȻûұЩĶ깤飬ջ񲻴𣿡
㣬Ҷˡܵ˺ܴĸд
㾭סջҲԼᶨѡ
ԺҲҪΪ
δջԼҲԼΪʲô
֮󣬽Ҳ
ˮ˳½ڼ
½ںڶڡҲ֪Ҫˡ
֪⼸
˹Ȼˣںͳ½ڶ˲ѡ׼ôûʲôѡ
ڻһ֪γѧʵҲο
ҲԼһִѧ
ӡ
γΪԱδضҲǹҶнǡһ죬;鼤ȡ
пļ򣬡Ҳ˵ˣͶһ䣬úѧϰѧɹЧ
ᶨͷʦһģ
Ա߳½ںһο
ܾȥѧ飬½Ҳʮֵ⡣
ԼҲǳѧˣдǣܴ
ڹ̤̤ʵʵĴʵѰ֪Ҳܹʺϻľõ·
ǽһݱֽԼĲ輸ҳ񿴡
ӹۡ
ģСڴ弸֡Ϊһĸĸ￪µˣطǺϤġ
лҪ˵˵
ԶϢʱ䡭


212 
СڴطӦǺܶ˶֪ġرЩ־ٵġƶĴйо
ⱨֽ˵ľСڴһ¶, ȫ尴Ѫӡ, ﵽ顣
Ҳ֪, ڶǴȷʵҲ, ܶũ׷Ч£ٺȫũҵĸ
½֪ǹܻ, 뷨ǵɲģô⣿ܶͬ־Ҳ⣬ͬ
, ȷʵһ̶ԱͶ, ȼֲܼԱǱ
½ڵ׼ռôɣ
ҡҡͷռͣԱͬ, һ߼ơ
Ϊʲô
ũֲַͬȷʵܹ߲, ũͬ־, ¸ĵ·ռͲͬ, ռĿǰѾ¸·ˡֲһˣ¸·ռ, ϣܹ¸
ʵ⣬Ҳͺܶ־ͬϵĿٵͬ־
ǶΪڴ󻷾£ûʲôĻͼʶũͬ־ֵأûʲôس
ũͬ־ȻѸ¸뿪ũ塣һƽӹģͲˣ˴š
ʱ֯ҪԾˡ
Ŀǰ˵ũƶ¸ǲܵġһ׷ԱůµĽ׶Ρ
ĿǰҲûôʽ˲
ûгṩôũƷȥ¸δƶȻ֪ˡ˵ֲĿǰʺϵ·ӡ
½ڲоⷽģķǺ͡
ùδʵзֲĿǰûܵ֡һźˣ
Ҳ²⣬ʵзֲģǹҪܶԼΪũͬ־ķչִҲȷʵúܶũͬ־ʧȥ˷ܶĶ
½Цŵ˵ģô֪ô͸ء
Щ˼öˣʵĶ࣬ҿĺԶδֲĽҲˡз¸ũͬ־ҲȻڿҵƬظֵũͬ־
ļ⣬ҵһҲΪ㲻źδ̨
ԱѹɴˣԺ˲ġ
Цѹһ㶼㱾ͱҳϢ
СӡЦָָ
Сڴ¶˱ֽȻһЩũͬ־ǵ뷨
ʵϼƶôˣܶũѾʼϣˡ
Ͼһʼ߼ͶԽԽ˿ʼɢⶼǲʵ
߼壬û취ʵʵĹƽµģ˭Ҳþ
ⲻСڴ嵹Ǹһ߳һҶĵ·
ЩɲǶʼˡ뿴ϼ᲻ᴦСڴ壬֡
칫ĺǣռ˺üΣǱһӵĵ绰绰硣Ҫ¶Ҫ̸
ôţˣɶ¶ǣɶ¶ˣռй𣿡
ûɶǱܡ
ôһ˵ˡ³ɶ¶ˡ
µȥ
ϰߣǶ࿴ֽԼαװһھǹʱεĲѧߡ
ҲСڴˣʱҲû⣬úԼûϵ
ռںúõء
Ǵһȥ΢һ£֪¶ˡ
Ͻţ˵Ϊ¶
ɰѴӵĸɲǼˡ
Ҫ֪ռڷչɾǿżֲϣֲ֮ģСͳԴԴϹ׬Ǯ
ҪǸɵˣʱҸֲһĶȥϺʳȥ
ɶ¶ǻû𣬶϶Ҳˣû绰ǿ϶û¶
ô˵Ҳ˿
ϢԱ֪ˡ
Ա˵дôɣͦȡ
ǵˡ
Ȼ͵ˡ
ռͲҲôɰɡ
ҪôˣԺﻹôչԱ𣿱˵ӣ·ĲǵũƷ֮ġ
̰
Ϊ¶ռҲÿ춼۷׷׵ġ
ӳҲżΪСڴô֮󣬺칫羹ȻҲдѧˣʼˡЩԱȥء
¶綼ûܡզŶҪĽడ
סˣϽѧУ绰
ǺԼõģм¾ʹ绰ȥѧУŹõ绰ʦſںڰд˭ĵ绰˾ͻص绰
⼸æѧϰ͹ûǱȥʮ·ˣſռ绰
عˡ
ӵĵ绰֮󣬿ϴһˡ
񰡣ǸɶСڴ¶֪
֪
ǣɶڴأǶص绰¶칫ﶼдѧأضˣ˵͵һ·ݳǩֵˡ
û뵽칫Ǳѧô죬۶أ
۶ﵹû¡ǻǷֵء
˿Ǿû£ֻҪԱԼ֣Ͳ󡣡
һǵ÷أҶڲأ˵Сڴ嶼ϱֽˣҲûܵɶ֣᲻ôɵġ
ҲûõʲôȷеϢҲҲּңҲǵñǷּҵġֻҪǺһúãǾ͸˵ˡǺúס
ϣҺ˵˵⼸˯˯ţ³¡ò׹ĺء
ЩǷˡϽȥˡ¹ܱĶզģԼס
˵绰ָ칫˵绰
Ҳһֱĵ绰ء
ǱɶϢûУ˼Ǻܷ
Ϊ쵼Ա뷨رִΧ뷨¶
Һ칫滹ĴӸɲ˼Ҳ㷢չ͸ɴѧСڴ㴴ˡ
ɰѺǸŪˡ
ԺǣͶһˣûȷϢҾÿӦһˡҾù绹ҪӦָı׼
ǳĬһ̾Ҳ֪Ǻ£ǡ
ǣҲ̫ģκģʽзչ·ߡ
ϣǺ칫磬δߵúõ㡣

Ҳãġ
Ͼ칫ռͣȻռʹܱߵĴӣҲǿʼչˣضչıȽϲˣα﹫
׳־أͻȻ仯ˡ
Ȼ޳
ǲô˵׶ô˵ˣҲȷʵҪ׼ˡ
ʵҲ׼ΪǸΰĻ׼
ʮ·ݣ׶ٿˡ
ʼݴǲ֪ģȱֽһкö˱űֽУ԰ˡ
رž꣬űֽǶ
˵ĺʹͬѧǣӴԺҲûн׼ˡǶͬһ׼ˡ
лҪ˵ôôգ


213 
һЩ, ѧУ˾ͷһˡ
ڴѧѧǶ֪, 鴫ĶôҪҲоڷ
Ŀ, ˼֡
֮, ַһ¶֪سǵ¶
֪ܶеϣܹس, ֳһ㶯
ڻ˵Ҳһ޴ĸı䣬Ҳǽ֪磬Լ֪سǵĿʼ
Ҳһֱȴһʱ
СͳԿʼҪһˡ
ĩԪˣȲϢʱͺԪ¶ˡ
ԪҲ˽⣬ԻԼ仯ڹ۲оͼץסκһ
֪, Ҳú, ⻹Ϊҵ⣬⣬Щ˻سҲһЩӰ졣
ΪȻѾ׼ΪЩͬ־ṩһֹλˡǲʽ𡣱ϾȫΧĸ, ǿɲһ㶯ɲ׼һһĸ㣬׼һӸֳ󶯾, ܴΪȡĸ￪֮гʵȺڻ
ʽҪġ
Ԫ, 㲻, һ𣿡ͻȻָ
Ԫ鿴ʲô᣿
չ黳Ļᡣѵʱ, ܹվṩ֯һָ˵˵Ƕôĺ°֯Ⱥڣǵ㡣
ԪȻЦˣҡͷҲΪṩλڻĹѾڵˣ֪ܲغ֪ҲӴĿĿǰǻûͶʵʸ񡣡
ʸжˡ
Ȼ˽ˡҪ˵ôռ͵Ļء
ҪԪܵͶʵʱҲûռʲô¶ˡռľǸʱȻ
һǲԣǿ԰
Ԫü
ҹиͳɱСͳҲǺպġ
Ԫ黹СˣһسǺպ
ȻСҪҪǣǹʲˡ
Ԫ飺㵹ǰԪȥˡ
СͳĿǰ׼ҽһ֪ͬ־ľҵ⡣ڸпվֻҪ¶ˣ⽫ϰȺвôõӰ찡֪ԪвȤ֪ԪҪԽΪΣ׷ʵ£ΪһˣһɲҾӢҲĬĬţóʱǵóиѧϰӢۡ
Ԫ飺˵öԣ˫ָĦһ£ΪԪô
ЦΪ֪ͬ־ҵ⣬ʰĳͳȫվ
Ԫ鿴
˿ȣǮ϶׳ģʵǮҲҹ룬ֻҪԸ֪࣬ŹҲͬ⡣ҾԪǰҵңԸɴԪˡԪҲܳλᣬȫԪӹ֪ܲǻظˣѵʱԮ֣ӮϰյΣδҵԪǾԻӵԪ֪ԪЩҵԪ࿼ǡ֤ҵڻȺڻ
Ԫ˼ζˡͷȻʵΪʲôҪ֧ͳأȫôҵ
֪ԪǿĿˣԲŷһ䣬Ҫһˣ졣
Ҳ׼ʱҽǮզܲ׼ء
ʮŵΪͳ⣬ȫĳӺܶ࣬ͳһͳ裬ǿ֪ཨġ֪нⲻԵ֡ͳ¶˳ȻΣͳڵسǣϱȽƶҲܴصľ÷չһáԪһǮΪֹ԰֪ҵܷƶĹƶϰպ֯мһ㣬ҺԪ֮ĹϵҲԵøһҪһУһʶ¶ˮˡԪóȻҵȻҲЩЧ޷ô洦
ԪĿһۣȻ˼⻹һο̸¶
֮ǰӡǣλʦջ󡭡ܽһΪͽǮˡ
ʦȻΪ˴ŪǮ׼ôܵ
Բһġ
Ҳòϣʦܴ
˵ÿ㣬˵ȥˡ
ԪҪռгĿǰûʱܹõǵȻõġ
Ԫ黹˼ָһҩңҵҿȫȨÿһǮͶʹãǱĵλܾҪᣬȻ󡭡˵ĲãҲСλĺôˡ
ԪЦһ£ʦ޷
΢ЦΪԪӵһŰ֮ģϣֵԪΪףҲϣԪҵԺչԽԽá뵽ʱҲ뵽Ԫ
Ԫü
ڸԸ⣬ȥұҵңֱӣЩò׼Ҳ˵Ļûбѡ񣬾ͻȥұˡ
ԪҲܾ
ȻˣʢȴлʦһƬġҳûôɡ
ЦҡͷûԪܴΪ˸лԪǵ֧֣ҲԪŰ˺һﱸ飬ţԪ˽ȫгаǮ¶͸ðˡ
⻹Ԫûܾ
Ԫ˽гֲ̫ԣ˲ƬδгҰġλᣬǿʡ¶ˡԪЦʦʱ󣿡
ԭʱңʵǣҲûϵΪδг֮ǰܵȰг̻ˡ
Ҫ̻гҲǴһ
Ԫӻǿˣ˵Ҳڻ٩٩̸
˵̫ˡ
ìܵĸ塣
벻ֻܹͨ鹦ڣݵĹá˵˼룬ҲȷʵȽϼ򵥡ʱ˲ͬ
뵽⣬ֵǣԤף졣
һ£ԪҽǮƻƻ鶼ˣⶼûó
ԪһʦһǮԶǮǳеġҪôãųɱԤ㣬Ҳֳܹ
Ȼµˬ졣Цֺס졣һȥƻ飬¶ʱЩû׼áҲû뵽Ԫڸ㽨ô֧֣ҵγڻǿ
ԪЦʦԡ
ϲˬ˴򽻵
֮ǰԪŵҲԲۿۡ
¶ҲȫԪġϾҪԺںǾͲһ
öԷõͶʵĸߣԺͲԼҶԷˣǶԷԼ
뿪ԪߣͻѧУ绰ˡ
ѳʲʽԱԼҵΧͳһ
ڸСƿװʳͣķˮġ
ͻȻЩţҪ¶զ񣬱Ұ
֮ǰ׼ڸｨվ𣿡
ǰ뷨Һ˵վɺˡ
ƻԿʼˣҪȫΧڸվ׶ﱸãȷźˣͿʽˡ
񣺡ɶ
Ȱ¶ãһȥ绰ﲻ˵̫ࡣ
һֱ˵绰񶼾Լһġ
ȫΧڽվСô
лҪ˵


214 
Ȼ֪Сû, ԸĹ, ҲΪʥּ, 
Сһֱ, ȥžܺܺõϹˡ
ټһǰŵ, Ǹɵı˭
ʱ䣬ҪĸݾͶˣȻ׶ľ
ʮµ׶Ѿˣ˼ƻ֮󣬾Լѧϯ칫дƻ顣
֮ǰŵһûó, ѾԪ̸£֮, һ
ΪҪȫΧڿվõõ׶йزŵ֧֡
ҪȻվйܿصģֹվиֹͰٻ˾
ûȥÿк͵̸, ɴ׶̸ˡ
̸֮ļȫΧڸ
һܹûһ
ݼƻ飬ǰźԪİæ֮, Ҫʵʩһƻ顣
ԼĪӡ
վҲϾܿ, , ѡַˣ, զҲ꿪ˡ
ΪݼƻҪȥ׶йزſģı֮ǰԪ׼һݻҪϸ˲پʱ䣬ϲһҪĩˣóʱѧϰ۵ĺȦˡ
ĩȥԪϿΣٴ¶ʱ˼
Ԫѵüӣʵʦ𣿡
ڰ֣ûУҺܺã⼸˯٣ҪΪĩ׼
⻰ԪһӻûӦ
ദôãʱ⻹ǸѧˣͻȻΪ׼⻹Ǹѧ
ȻѾӦһѧȫΧڸվ
ԪЩӣҲ˵ΪʲôûͿˣȥݲ裬Ⱥȶ˲ãȲ衣кòҶ
æл
Ȳˣ˱裬ʦҲô࣬æҲϿΡ
ĵⲻΪ̸¶ҪΪϿΣҲǿԼˡ
ôأֻҪܶҾҪظλԪŶҸô֧֣ܹܲԪˡ
Ԫ飺
裬˻Σ֮ԪȥϢ
Ͻˣ˳Ҫ̸һ¡
óԼļƻԪ鿴ԼŵһݣҲôģȫϾܴ˵һÿж趨ܲʵǷּߡ
һȫִȻÿʡ潨վʡʡվȻվͬ־ٷչվټչмƻȻʱΪ˹ģǵȫΧСнվҲʵֻʱѡҼƻһ֮֮վȽŸܹСΪϰձزٵҵ
Ԫ鿴˰죬֮ⶼʦԼģ
ǰ׶ʱһˡݶСܳġ
Ԫźˡ
һ˲ţԻߣʮ˽⣬һߵ
ܳΪԪһԱضԪڻĲߵĸȡ
ϧˣ̫ϧˡ
ʦʱңһܳɹ
Цŵʱҡһ̲סҵǮֳȥݲѹեԼĹˣ˲ţͨˣǮǹúá
һ׬ǮˣȴǮ
Ԫʮìܡν׷ôҪϻбǮҪĶ
ʵڿʲôˡ
һĥ͸ì塣
ۺϿ⵹ǺʺԪͶʵһˣֳãŵù
ʦݼƻĺܺã׼ôţ
׼׶ʳ̸ȡȫվ֤֮ͨٽС°빦ҲõĽгʲô⡣ⷽԪòģҿԼϵֻҪõԪĽͬŸ˵
˼ǣøǮˡ
ԪҪԪҲʶʳŵĸɲ
ܣҪģԼʲôԪˣռ̫ˣ̫صˡҲ֪˸Ҳ࣬Ժرľ͸࣬Լ֣ûҪұˡ
ԼȨԼڻ治⽻֣Լʦǰæ
ԪͷʾˡҲ֪ˣʦҲʲôʱ򶼺ĬʱͲĬֱӾܾ
ıҲϣԪԾڻ̨ܾˣֻĻˡ
ͻȻϵ֮ԪԸ⣬ҲԺһһˣԪԳ棬ʳŵ쵼ǵľġ
ʦ˵еԪЦһԼ
ǡͬǲҪǩ
Ȼ
׼ܾȥ
ھ׼ʦʱ䣬ǿԵⶨ
ʱܶࡣȻ˶˲豭պ˲裬Դ̫ˣ¶
ԪЦŵͷȥⶨЭҪõĶ
˾鷿һһĲ䣬޸ġ
ȷһݽЭ顣ڣʱȡáһϢڻ塣
ԪΪĹˡ
˵ʮ־޴һʿˡеĽЩ˷ܣ˴֡
Ԫ鶼ˣʮ棬ΪʦǮûо
ôܣҲʥˡܻǮǺҪĶ򣬾㹻ǽȫվȽӻʣԼֲߣ齨רŵءֻҪõõֹռʹӣضԻ档Ըıټϰռͥ
Ԫ黹治֪ܹô顣
Ԫ˵ȷʵࡣԪұϾе̵ģǹ̶ʲͲֹˣ˵ֽҪȻҲ۾գҲգľ͸һԴӦСԷˡҲΪǴȥˣԳûȫг𵱳ȫɱҪ˶ˡ
ⲻȴô顣
ǮԼãΪõġһëǮò
Ǯ÷Ϻ档
Ԫһۡһη֣һ˰ǮӣҲԵúܹ
ĿĴɣԼ۾ֺԪ֡
һԪԤף졣Һ㱣֤ԲԪװ׽Ǯֹᰴʱ黹ҲԪְҵִȫϢ۰¶öˣҷ˺٣Ϳʼ߱ȫ¶
źټ֣ԪͻȻЦˡ
ԪЦʲô
ûʲôǾú棬ǰһ̻ıȫصŮǿˣһǸҪѧѧ
ҵʦĺϢ
ԪЦŵ
Э飬¶ǰһˣѹҲˡ
ǮˣǾ͵ûȥ
ȥ֮ȥѧУĸУˡ
Դӵѧϯ͸УӴҲ࣬˵ϻˡ
Уˣ뵽һ֮ЩѧҪˣͳ̾һôõĻᰡ
֮̾ʵͬѧʲô𣿡
һ棬У֪ǵ¶֪𣿡
Уͷ
֪ҪسˣЩȥ˰չķʽȻûȷ˵ֱ֪ӻسǣǸѾ̵ƣ֪ǻسǱǰҪࡣ
У֮ǰҲһ֪ࡣԶ֪ͬܣͬʱΪѧܵĽҲҵѴҵλ֪ǻسûйҲѣΪҷֵһ㡣
УΪôֵ
ͰԼ׼ȫվѾȡ˽¶˵һˡ
УĿɿڵذ
ʵڲţԼһѧȻô
ʽ𣿡
еģ֮ǰԪĻʦ˵ҵļƻ֮Ҳ׼Ϊ㹱ף֧һǮΪʽ𡣱ģ뵽ô֪ͬ־ؼңžʳԸ׼ⲽӾĿһ㣬һ֮ڣ½Ƹس֪ˡ
УôҲǼˣƽһ顣Ȼ˵
Ԫİ˵Ԫȷʵͦġ
ϴλѧУһء
ѧҲ롣
ôĶ𣿡
ʦǳӱһȺ֪ཨģзḻİ쳧飬ѾԼվˣҲаվľ飬û⡣
ãǾͺáУҲ˰ΪԼѧҲΪЩܹ֪ˡ
Ϊʳ飿
񲻺˼ĵͷǰҲʶʳͬ־¶쵼̸ǲҪȻû֤ͨƻ͵÷Żˡ
Уû⣬ȥҽУʶʳͬ־
飬У׼ﵽˡ
˵ĺ£˵Ǿѧһ㣬Ǿ͵֧֡ˣҲġ
ܹܲѧŬ׵ˣĻǵ㡣
лҪ˵ôôգ˵
дҵ˵ȫҵܵû˼д˵뿴дƷ˵뿴Ʒŷд߱˵ˮңȶŹˡ


215 
УҲġ
֪⵽Ѿ, ϲ쵼Ƕ֪, ȥ, ϶ǲеġ֪϶Ҫسǵġ
ǻس֮ĹȷʵҲһ⡣
Ϊ˽, һСˣҲǸ廧
Ǹ廧Ҳ˭õ, رںܶ˶ڵλĸλԼ廧֮Ĳ죬Ը廧𣬲Ը
ܸЩһЩλҲ˺¡
ЩĺһЩϣˡ
Уޣ˵ģѾʼǹˡһȥЩ, ʵѵá
, ǰҲ֪࣬ҲǻɲҲǾѧصľҾԼӦ
УЦŵͷϿ, ֮ǰ˵ܾ˳ѧһΪȽϹִڿ, ǸԼ뷨, ڹѧϰ, Ҳܳɳĸ㡣飬Ұϵʳ
млУ֧֡
У, ҲΪ˹ҵΪһӣ岻ݴǡ
˽Уæܿͻ˺ʳ쵼Ļˡ
ûΣԪ飬ŽУһȥλĸ
У·ҲԪ͡
Ԫʦļƻֻྡ
ΪԪæǲŲǰߡ
УЦһΪҽһҲˣ˰
ԪЦ
˵ʳֱӼ
λѾӽУ֪ʼĩΪԵ͡
رôᡣǸѧܹΪҵˡӢ۳갡
˫֮óԼĹ֤ѧ֤ǶǴŵġ
򵥿һ£Ҳỳ١
ѧд£СǸˡҲû˸ôƭ֯
⵹ǲ󣬡
һվԵصľòʲôҵľ档ÿԸɣǺ棬СôĹӦ𣿡
еģڹѾԼԭֲˣǻؼֲءҲڵšҪĿĻṩλӦʳҲеԭվֵѹ󡣡
΢΢ͷ뷨ǺܺõģҲһߵģȵǣ㹻Щ𣿡
еģԪ飬Ԫǰڻǽн蹤½ԱƸλˣˡ
֪İҵҵģͨԪӹŪһũӻˡЦŵԪǼʱ갡ҪܿԪӰӡ
ԪˣʦҵĻʦ
ԭԵ֡ȻȻԪæǽ蹤Ӧûˡ
ûˣҲûʲôõĵˡ
ЩվʳܵģҲִӡ
һʡ¸ļ֧СվĽûʲôˡ
һϲ
УҾ˵ˣҶ飬ֵ֧ġ
лллл֯ǵΡ
úøɣɳɼԺȡΪ֪ṩĸλúǶܻسǡ
ͷȻʵ¶һϣĵλܹҲҲͨľٴ룬ҲṩһЩλҲ֪ͬ־ǿҶǵǵġǶ֯ġ
ȻͲġ
Цŵ
¶Ȼ
±봫ȫ
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ʳרдͬ־ͼ˵дӡ
дΪ˸֪ͬ־ṩλСͳ򰮹ҵԪŽҵõ˾޶֧֣ȫΧڽվ˾ٵõʳĴ֧֡
ֵСͳ˵һ֪ӽҵͳ֪ϵϵһ
ҲԪһ£˵ԪʲôҵڻʲôͶʣΪṩ˶ٹλ
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ҪǣӢۺġ˺£ͱ֪飬Ȼö
վˣⲻҲʳһݳɼ
Ϊ˴ﵽЩĿģºͼȫԼڿ涼ˡ
Ϣȫˮˡ
ϾÿжˡȻͨ߿һ֣Ǹ߿¼ȡʲֻ߰һС֣Ļũ塣
Щڻڰء
֪йصϢֱ˵Ŀ⡣
ϢЩϲѡȻվλ࣬Ҳͼˣᳬʮˣϣˡ
飬Ҳṩģ˵Ҳ֪ġ
ҲԼҺӿ϶ܻܿؼˡ
һʱ䣬̸¶
ѧҲֽ֪ͨѧϯ䲻ϱֽˣһ˸¶
űֽϣϯ緢ĺ֣ǩ֣յӣһݲѡ
ЩѧǺܶ඼֪翼ģǿϴѧ֮Ҳһ֪ͬ־
ǰֳ֮Ҳһֱܹע֪سǵ顣
û뵽ֻڹģϯȴѾˡô塣
Ľǣ¹ᣬڰϣѧܵеĿ⡣
˼ˡ
˵¶ɲ
ֵĿ⣬Щ顣
ȻҲǽ֪һҵ⣬ʵĿĻΪСܹ߳
ֻǽ׼ʱѡûдôΰ
ǰԵϯұ֮˿ģ
ɴҲƤˣλıֻӦ顣ҪѧϰҲǻӭġ
ѧԱЦ
ѧϯǶѧɲĸ壬Ҳиɾˡ
һ룬ͻȻˣǶ¶Ȥ𣿡
Ҷ
ոտչȻԪŰæи˰æɵľͱȽϿˡ֪ûȤһվҲҪأͷźٵʱǵذæˡ
ѧɲǸȤˡ
亮ڼûĴţһ顣
ҷ׷׸͵Ȥ
Ըæ
ӻԾ룬˲ѣУʱǱѸڼдǵʱͳһ䡣Ȼ˵ˣûʵġڻǷž޶ծʱԸһЩ͡
ϯʲôͰֻΪ˳һ
Ҫꡣ
ǣұ֮˶ЩûȤֻȹһĺ١
ллллλοּ
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೤ҼǸ֡
ֻǺЩѧźıʾԼũ߹磬޷æ
͵зḻģƷʸߵʳҲ԰Ǵһ¡վ֮󣬺ڻչʳӦȫ
ûˣ೤ǿǱΪ֮ء
ǻء

࣬룬鼤ԼһȺͬѧһȺ־ͬϵͬ־δĻչġ
лҪ˵ôôգʮ
лǵ֧֣ҿҲдڣûôƽˣܵӰ죬ЩллҰݡһᰴŴټдģÿڣΪ̵档
ʵдôõˣһĵڣѾעˡŬĽдллһֱ֧֡
⣬ĳɹʵʵйأΪÿһʱ£д£θվΪʱ£Բŵõ֧֡


216 
ռ֪Ϣġ
ͨ쵼֪ġ
Ǹ߸˵űֽ, , ռԼ, 䲻ϱֽ, һô¶
һ±ơ
Ȼͳڲܵ, š
ϽйˣΪˣҲûȥܳ£ڼලҲûȥֽ
֮Դ
, Դɶ, ֪¶
¶Ҹ׼һšҸĹȥˡ
Դô¶զʹ˵һء
, ⲻǻûΪҪܶ˭֪ô졣
, ֲǲ֪Чߵ, ˵ɾɵ, ˵ˣǿ϶Ҫȥ㾹Ȼʹ˵һ
˿, ¶ˣⱨֽģ
ЦݵϾ˱ֽ飬Ǽٵģ
찡С£񾪵ĵɴ۾ˡԼǸСƿװͣѾ˲ˡһϡ¶񲻳ѣһ־ôĶ
Ȼ¶С죬㿴ǮŪˣǱҲУСǰ׼ˡ
ϲɲǰ׼ˣǸɳĳɼִռһˡ
ЦŵֹǴռͣǺ칫綼һˣô·칫綼óΪСͻذɡۿ˾͹ӣϣ֧С췢չ
ڳиɲǶϲġ
ֱǾĴ¡
ȥ׶ȥˣڴУɵĶǴ¶
ϢҲܿռʹˡ
ʼɶ˼һ;ˣ֪ǲģ֪·һ 򿪣Сͳ͵ˣܶܶ࣬ҪкܶܶˡԺռͼҼһйˡ˫ְпء
ǴŴһˡ
Ҽһ˸߲ҵ¶ռҺռ˵л
Ů¶ˣǷŲѧУ飬Ҳǡ˵ŻĨ۾õĻᣬҲȥΪ˰¶
Ҳ˳ѧϰĻᣬռôһ󲽡
Ƕǻߣߡ
ûбõĸɲˡԺ˭˵񲻺ãǶӦ
ռֻͣ񡣡
ôгϢԺҲ߰ҪɲҪسˡ
ǣ˵˭ã۾˭

ռ͵˷еʱҲ˵绰ˡ
ϲ죬ӴҵӴ绰ˣﶼ̸¶أǶ˵ˣ˵Ҳ绰¶
¶һڳﱸǲõģҷżپ̸ʵҲûʲô˺ǮİԼܰ졣ҪĹйˣˣҺе˵ˣǵʱԼͻһҪϸβĴ󣬶ǵĿҲǺܴģԲκ͵ˣ粻õ˽ǵĴ¡
ԣһ࣬ɱڣģ۶ɲǶ˵ˣǴռͳĴ¶˭ҪǸƻǵĵˣٴලء
ӣͺܸˡҲڳɳˡ
˵¶ˡѧҪģٳбҵѧԼȥѧУѧϰȥһ㶼ܷɡһ鿨ĺܽ
Ʋûѧˣַͨʽȥѧϰռ;СѧͳУϿҲ㡣
δռҪߵĸԶضҪĻĹˣֻռ͵˶Ļˣźǲ뽨衣ɡ
ӦˣȻ˵Ҳõбҵ֤ˣҲμ˿أϸˡ
Цˣ磬ϲٽɲɲĻ
ٺٺ١˵ЦҶ֪أǻ׼ɲѵ࣬ɲҲѧϰ
úܺã磬ܴ󰡡
ѧϰģ㶼ôˣѧϰأҲʶ֪ʶҪˡ
οˣڵЩӣռ͵ĸɲҲûзɡ
ʵϣҲΪڶЩɲǲŻԽĽţԽŬ
һ뿪ռ͵ҵˣʱԱǶЩɲûáǵʱ򶼳Ϊռ͵ˣԶƴѧϰƴõ㣬벻ȡϾ˭ҲеԱŭ
˰ţҲʼŬıˡ
оԼĳɼῼر㣬ϾʵޡֻܾĿһЩˡ
Ϊ˱ĩԪһڿεʱԪԺϿΣһλʦԴнܣ֤㡣
Ϊվ蹤һڹһ֮æλѾΪԼծˣδҲܶϵҲϿӴˡ
Ϊ˲öԷԼӣԪҪҿΪԪṩһЩѧϡ
Ԫ黹治Ǿ鷳ʦˣʦͲˡԼѧɣģʱʦ𣿡
Ҳ׼ʦϰϿΣ֮ǰΪ˲ţǾϰˡûʱˣҲµʦ
˵ˣֻܵȻԡֻҪԪ鷳ʱ򡣡
ллʦԪЩ
Ҳλʦ̫˽⻪ҲΪֱΣúбҪύ
ҲпܣԼߣʵûˡ
̫ѵˡ
ˣԪүŹȳԼվԺ˼ʱλͬ־ˣ˵Ͽˣ
Ԫͷ
˼֪Ŀˣýɡ˼ѧôãѧ˼ֱ˵ľûаԪүʵ
Ԫ鶼үڻˣƢӴ󣬿ǾǻԼˣеˡ
ô҆ˡҸ㣬ڻƬϣֻǮ뷨вͨģվסŵġͱǸͬ־ȥһ˵¶׼㣬ǻĴ氮֮ģ
үүȰòҪԪ
ҪȻҿܻȥβ֪ģз֢һֱûãҺܵġҲ㳤סס޵һ졣ҳûôɡ
ԪүĺӷС뿪Һƴ
ԪҿΪһλʦˣֻһ䡣
Ԫүӣɲǲˣ˹ģ
ĸϰڼ䣬Ҳûţ½Ըվѧ¼ˡҲǵסַ֮ĸˡ
Ϊ˲ЩѧϰԼźЩѧĹ֮Ҳûǡ
׼֮ͳһš
һģвŻľѧǰæ⹤ʮġ
һʮſʼԣһֱʱ䣬ĩ֮㽫Բɡ
ﶼʰΪؼ׼
ž֮⣬ţҲǼվ蹤ԶҪȿ֮ߡ
žźǶʲôûУҰﲻæ
Цʲôæȥž۲¡
žĸĸڻ鲻ãҲص˼ˡھ͵һžء
žҲϲá
ϵ½żˣټѧУҿ˸ᣬҷ乤
ȻͶߣҲǽ֯ЧʵģԼɡ
ΪҲƬ֣ʡǽվٰ֮СҲһЩţǵʱصԼ֮󣬸ȥ˭죬ô졣ʴĸ绰֮ġ
绰ҲǿԱġ
ҵʱҲڸسﱸԴҶҪġÿרҵʿġ
ϯģ㰲ŵôϸˣձƣɡ
ġ
ЦУҾͿλĳɼˣϣˣܴεĹѧ
ź֮󣬴ųдһЩϢϣȻϰظҡŵʱΪվһ
ڻȥ֮ǰƵȥԪ飬Ҳһݡ
Ͼ֮裬ԪҪ˵ģҪȻ⿿Сɸ㲻
ʱ򻹵Ԫ˺Щѧǽͷ
Ԫ鿴Ƕ룿
ͷԣѾǿ˻˵ˣʱǻֱϵԪġ
Ԫ鿴鸴ӣû뵽ôĺһӺôΪ
ҪṩʲôԪṩԼ
֣ҪͶҪǮҲҪ
Ԫ飺뵽˼仰Ⱥ֡߳īߺڣ
лҪ˵ôôա


217 
뿪ǰ, ȥ
ҲҪ, 졣Ѿڰˡ
Ҳ, ֻܸһЩ, ãҪúѧ, չ˺Լ
Ҳµĺ˵һЩ
㣬İɣʦҲˡǻдʹݿ԰ǣ¶ġ
ҲᣬȻҪȥѧϰܼ뵽, , Ҳͦܡ
㣬ҲֽϢˣô¶ر𽾰, Ҳؾ塣ҲҪŬѧ£ԺҲҪĴ¶
ҪܳΪһѧ, ΪҿƼչ, ˭ҲȲ˵¶
ǲһЦЦ, 㣬һŬѧɣչġ
, Ҷġ
΢ЦȻȥʱ򣬿װһȥҵʱ򣬿
뿪͸ȥվˡ
ĺҲɡ
ռ֪ҪˣӶڵء
ҲľȥﳵվţϰˣŰ˸Ȼˡ
ߡ˵ĳȥŰ
ȥ飬ڻһûˡ
ȻԼӣġ
˷츲صı仯ĸ޿
˳ӵǳĻ̫ˡ
̵ס
ҲǺŽ㡣
ԼĻˣŷˣ˶
㰲ŵ¶ҶڰأǲֹԼˣҲںͱĶˡ۶ﻹм˳в׼ȥɻҲøɲȥ˼빤úӼ˵ˣҲһˣڴӹء
һ˵š
ˣɹҲ˳ȥˣա͵ˡ
ĵĵͷ۾˯ˡ
û˵ˣۻˡ
ֵѧֵùһ̯¶ܲ
ҲСĵĿųûš
ӵʱڴˣĺǾͰܣܱţˡ
Ż¯ܳˡ
Ŵһߡֵġ
ƣЦãֲʲôòư
ˡ
׾ˡ
׶ǲһȥһˣҲһˡˡ
ǿǸ˴¶ˡ
Цźǰ֣䰡
ɩǶЦˣ䣬˵˵զ䲻ô¶Ӵ
Цɲ䲻Снģ˶·ˡǴһһĸɳġԺҲҪ־񣬺úøɣСãռ͵ԱҲܹúáҼס·гϸ⡣
⻰˵Ĵֵĺϲ£ġ
˵ǹζҲ˾ÿš
ĸɲҪ˵⻰Ǿ˵󻰣滰˵ģǾǿ϶ġ
Ҵӵźһռҡ
ʹˣѩﱼԼԺſڱů¯ءһȺˣ֪ԼŮˡϽöӳűڣϽģˣզȽҲ
͵үүвıǺί
˼ſڣ̼ˣˡ
űֻܷ
ˣⶼһûˡӴιɵˡ
ָֽˡ
ԼҴѧŮˣô¶
Ⱳӿֵˡ
ҲûôôһŮ
Ц̵֣̣Ÿɶˡ
䣬ȺءЦһӡ
ϽȺȺء̫̫ҲǴˡ
ó׶Ӹǳԡ
ҳžƣء
ǳġ
ǳӰоǲһ
ҲˣôˣϽȰŴؼȥ¶ǽջأôΧţզϢ
⻰Ҳ˼ˣǾո֡Ҳ񽫴е¶
ЦҽҲûɶ׼ҿᣬʹҽС¶ҲǶδķչôҶи׶һҪ͸ɲǿء
⻰ôˣϽɢˡ
˶ˣβŵǣ컹Ҫ᣿ɲ㱨ģҾ˵ˣ˵ġĶ࣬Ҳһ
ЦҪᣬλʱ컹óȥվڼ˼졣
һͼˣʹ찡
̣û취ģѧҲͷⳤٺøɻҪȻѧˣûɡ
ž;Ůࡣ
ٿԼŵĴүǣʱĲҪҪġ
æȥô׼ᣬʰʰͺȥӲˡ
֮󣬶Ҳ˼ĸɲռˡ
ϸɲҲ˼
εҲ˽һЩˣҲʹϸ˵һ顣
νվվ֮󣬶СķչʲôԼ˽վ֮⣬ӳһЩš
ͬ־ǣ֮ܶһ仰С죬Ӧ˵ռҪ츲صı仯ˡǵڹ߰ҲǵڴҵĹͬŬҪǾȫԸץסСִȫСĲƷȫΪӭӲõĽķչΣռͣҲļƻ
ĸɲǶ˷ܣֽŵš
һ㣬ӽÿһ˼빤ÿȥܽѣѧʵѾüǷȺѧ֮׬ǮˣڻѧãѧѧѧУȻѧСδɲˣûдѧѧܵߡ
⻰ɰѴɲǶŻˡ
ͺ˵ˣڰС潨վģǶĴѧͬѧԼһЩ˲š
ЩôӸɲʶԺռĲһûĻС
һ飬Ҳһ£ɸθ𣬱ϾҲڸһܵģǾ߶ˣ
ϡ˷ܵӦˡ
˵꣬˵ռ͵ͷϷˣռδǷҪּҵ⡣
һҲҪɵһ¶ҪȫӰӡδּңռͻᰴͷлأЩΪǵͶʣδȫСͳΪͳֲأͳÿǽзֺ죬ʷֺ죬ǱԼֵҪߵġ
ƻͬһһ㣬ӸɲǸըˡ
ⲻڼǮ
ǴҶɻզ찡
ЦҲУǲɻ۾۶ɻһ𣬵ʱ׬ǮˣˣǾͱ۶ˡңҲǶóɻ¶ҪǮܲɻ
ǻ治ᡣ
ӸɲԼһҲǣֻҪģ˭еס
ǷأҲӦδصţ˸õҲŻšһӣŷּҡǵȻҪСˣھһôˮƽǵһڶˮƽĻܹõ롣ֻҪﺢгϢ볧ɵĺãһõĹʶֵֵܵصȫˡ
⻰治Ϲ˵ռּңɢֲֵһ껹׬˶Ǯ
۳ɱ׬Ǯеغһ๤һڳһĹʡ
˵ЩӸɲﶼ
ΪСģйˣѾǺܴϲˣһ˵ƻ⻹ǰռ͵춼ˡ
˵ռ͵ԱˣԼţ˵ˡÿֺһ飬δǶˡ
лҪ˵ôôա


218 
ƶ, û, һ滮, С, Ҳʵʩ
ҲΪռ͵֪ռδķչ, ǻΪϵı仯ͿʼĻ̡̻
ԣҪС֮
ǿԿʼˡ
磬һֱͨں͸ɲǿᣬƶ, δλء
հδЩúõļũ, ǿǵĿǰʵʱǴ㰴ռʵƶԺŷչ϶Ҫиĵġ
ռһҪ߳һʺԼĵ·
ʵ, أŮֲܷ
ЦŮӵóԷ, Ȼ÷ֵء
ξ, 㸾, Ǻ͸Ůصġ
ͺ칫һҲˣŮӷָֻ֣ӡ
ŮҪзֺ, δбˣһӶˡ
鿪һϣˣŻؼ˯
ؼҾɴϢˣó°纰𴲣绹ÿӻ顣
ȻԼ׹Ů°Ҳﲻþʵ࣬
ǰΪһŮǿľܵңܵסˣżҵŮҲ
ڿӣŷ֣ԼǰЩǰ׻ˡ
ﻹЩźҪǻǸжð
ռ͵ɲҲǶڼ˯
Ժ϶˵ɶԱǣɲҲ˵һͦˣ˯ˣ˵к¶Ҫ˵
ɰѴĶˡ
ֲҴߡ
˭֪ϻģᶼˡ
˭ҪȥϢˣǾ͵ñ˴ǡ
ֵַֻܰĵš
Ҳû¶ɣǶڳɻǻڸ㽨裬û¸ɣʹڴ߼Ҵ̸˵¶
²ǲҪйˡһ߿Źӣһӡ
ǱʾĿǰˡ
ϳ֮󣬼ҼһȱԡУҼһҲйˣյʳԲܻ꣬ǮȱǮҪɶҵƷûƱģҳﱨµҲܻ
һ꣬ȫӵķӶˣҼһס·Ҹĺܡ
ǣҲûжҲТ˳ģϵġ
˵ɶžǡ׼û
˵˯𴲣ǳ°Ҳû˯Сʱźġ
˯һ˶ˣϽϴˢţ˷
ҶҲˣվģ֪ˣϻˡ
ӣ͵ö˵զԼŪôࡣ㿴ۡڶγϰˣ˵˵ĶһЩ
̷ۣǻΪôӡһռ˵ı˵ˡ
Ҷ
Сͭ¯񰡣Ҫ˵ɶҽ˵Ҫ˵¶ҶرǣҼΣҲء
ûɶ˵˵δĹ滮һߣ֪ɶʱл˵أŻ͸ˡ
̲滮֪ǶĴ¶ԣżǵšڼû¶ɵġ
û¶ɵԱ͵ڶĹ㳡ˣҲ䡣
һ̨ӣվ潲ĵ繤ʼѽĻͲŪ
ʱ׼Ѿˡ
͵̨ˡ
ˣռ͵ԱҲˣȺĿ
Ŀ̨ͲЦŵλԱͬ־ǣһûˣһզ

Եúôúá
ͦá
ֺǺǵĽš
Цĺþͺã˵Ǹɲͬ־ǸɵĺãԱͬ־͹һˡҲǷյһ꣬Сȫչ飬Ҷ֪˰ɣ
֪
δ֮ͬǰǾ̸ۺþˡ
С췢չˣ۶ҲҪи仯ˣǴӲϿһϻ飬Ϊռδչи򡣽ҾͽһôҲ˽һ¡ڽ֮ǰ˽һ£Сڴﵽ¶֪
˶ôʵ˼ˣЩţҪˣ
ʵ뷨ûԼɣֳȥġǴӽԸԭ򣬹ƽУҲ
㿴ңҿģ˭Ҳûվ
ΪǾͦõģûҲãҲרָôֵأҶﻹлƽʱɻҲûôۣҪԼҵɣǾͲһˡ
֪
û飬ȻûԸּңҲߴң۴Ӳ׼ּҡֹּңԺҲһˡһӡ
⻰Ա˿ˡ
ɲõԺıˡ
ŵּңǷء
ԱɻĿУͰõģأȻػǹӹϽڴӳаԱڱаˣȻδӷֺ졣
ֺ죬ԱԼֵطҪߣݶƬϲ㡣
ϸй
֮ǰ߼ɲһˣ֮ǰǰַ䣬ǰء
Ҳǰͷ͹֣ķ䷽ʽ
ڰؾͲһˣ¹ûй֣ܷǮ
˺ЩûɶͶģҲܷǮˣֵĺһġ
⹫ľɰӵ˶ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ôַ
ҪǷԺڼԷˡ
رǶһЩ¹ˣȻҲвƽʱţǳԱʩģܲԼе
ҪǰԼͷأȻ÷ֵǮԺбˡ
ЩǶˣһӣ䲻Ĺϵҵˡ
Щ۷׷ףҲʣŮֲܷ
ܷ֣ŮҲҪԷֹŮܷ֣ԺֻҪǴסŮҲֵܷģͶϱһ۲ŮҲŮС
⻰ԱǴЦ
ЩŮЦЦ۾ˡ
֮ǰøǷԼż˵طֺ죬
ŮǲǾԼվˡ
ҲǾü
һоŮƽȿںź꣬Ůʵʵڵá
ŮԼ˵ˣúƽˡ
ӲǴӸɲĴӣ˵ĴӣҲˣδһҪһΪӵķչŬ˵˾ͲɻɻҲҪʵģ˵δֵصģҲҪǷǮˣҲҪǽ
ûǿҪұڰնͶҲϣĸ￪ŵ˳ʼ֮ԱԼдҵ뷨ģҲȥԡôҳַڶ˲ҲõģС췢չ֮ʽˣҲԴƸ˲š
Ŀռ͵˹úãҲǡ
˵ôǮĻᣬֵ춼ϲ£ˡ
Ǹһӻˣ˭ǮãڼŰҪ˱ĭġ
лˣöûôء
Ŷ˸߲ҵġɫ졣
ⱲӣΪ˷ʱˣоԼ֮һ̨ˡ
⣬ΪǶδչԽԽãǮԽԽ࣬ҼһҲҪúܽ񡣡
룬ΪɶĳҪרѧΪɶ˵ҪСѧȥˣǶԭģδչԽãеĹҪҲԽߵģǳбҵδǸУרѧⶼǷչıȻơҪûλɻλչȥûǮˣ˭аǵأ˭ǷǮʹˣѾûѧҲҪлᣬμӶѵ࣬μӿԣֻҪѧĺãҲ㡣´ҲԸѧɻɲãҵǮ԰Ҫѧ
ɾʹˣոջڻδ׼Ժﶼسаأôһ˵ܱ֤һð׬ǮǮԱأ
ҪûϢ㲻ӣӹˣǿǴһˡ
飬顣
ˡ
飬˭Ҳú飬˭ҾǶˡ
ƾɶسа𣿲ŷǮҪΪס
һЩﺢӶ࣬׼ôڼСĶʱˡ
ֹôµģһ׼ؼҶԼҺһҪϢǧҪѧЩҵСүһģǮͲϽˡϢӣ˭ҪǸҸϺȣĲ·ˣͲˡ
ôȥûģȥﰴӡǩ֣Ȼɲÿʼͳء
ⰲٴôոˣȲȥӡȥ
ԱǺƺƵĴӲӡ׼ȥˣҪ͹̸̸ڹﱸͻص¶
֮͵öȥ档
лҪ˵ôôա


219 
ɢ, ռͬը˹һġ
ڻ, ֱøҸϲѡ
ⲻֹԼ, ػܷǮ
ֻҪﾭӪ, ﶼˡ
Ҳȥӡ
Ҽһ¶ΪԺ¶ϲ
Ҳ, δҲصˡ
ﵱҵĶÿˣȫȥǩȥǩˡ
Ĵռֵķ·˴һůϲ졣
ǩֵԱǾȺıŻ¯Χһ˸߲ҵ̸ԼҼˣּ, ʱֶǮ̸Լϼ꼶, ɼզԺˣڳɻöٹʡ
ʱ·ϲĺк
զȥ, 䰡
Ц㡣
ɱӴ¯ӵôš
˴ˡӦ
Ŀ뿪һ, ۶, ǺӴ
Ժ, ۶ˣҪǷֵˣ, ôզ죿
ɰѴˣԺ˴ѧ϶Ҫ߰Ҫˣզ죿
ģ϶뷨ģͷǾͳˡ
ޱζǡ
ŴһӣﶼӦˣû˵ġ
ڳΧΧסȥ𣬽ſᣬҲϢϢ
ʱأһҪԶţš
ǸôŵģҲ㱾£ܲһ˲Щ
磬㰡ҲҪˡԺҲһֱռ͵ġ
һ
úÿɶأ
ף
۵ɲģҪϰչϺӡռ͹Ϻˣطйӵء
ò׹õ㣬ҲȥĵطԿࡣ
벻ͨˣøɲﲻܵ
զǳԿأ˶Ϻӣ룬ռѾչˣδͿסˡֻҪЭٵ˽ģ³ԿԿռδӻܸء
鼤߿ߴǣһúøɵģסǵĺӣ
ãǡЦŵ
Ȼҿ϶һֱȥģֻҪռ͵ɲһ죬ҾͰ뷨ȥ
˹磬ֱǰ칫ҡ
ĺҲûţҲǲŴѴӻġ
Ҫռ͸绰˵Ҫ㱨ڶز
һûˣǿ⾫ӣҲЦģǼͬ־ˣһ꣬ôţʱʱľڱֽϿϢˡɸǺ칫糤ˡ
֯ңҲܰ׵ְλҲǺ͹㱨ġ
ǵͷʾ£ȥˮݲ裬ϽȥŸɻǵãҵԵСտɸۺ칫ˡ
Цŵҿܲ𡣡
һ߸ˮһߵûɶܲġ
Ҳ£ЦҲһ£СǸ칫綼ܸʳء
Ҳô뷨
ȻԺС϶ڸʳḻĵӵʳأǺ칫ضҲҪġ
һǸƵصľ÷չҲΪСһ
û⣬ֻҪԸ֣С춼Ե¡
Ӧ¶Ǹˡ
ֺ˵˷ﵽ¶
ȻڻûĹ涨ҪũҵĸʵַεķʽѾúܶطʼˡ
رʮһȫȫ֮󣬸ĸøиҵʼ˼ˡ
ͺͽ˼һ
ģʽȷʵҲʣũͬ־ԸԼҵֵأ϶ĿǰҪߡ
ҲôΪģϾôļƶˣԱҲһʼôˣʼˡϴӹҲС
ǾˣҲҪôԼˣǷֻǺϣԱԼѡԼͶƱ
ռأ
Ҿ㱨ռ͵ġ
ռ͵ķֵسаļ˺ǿ
ùϸϸĿһ飬֮۾ˣΪԼˡ
⣬Ҫʵʩǿɲ˰
ũͬ־Ĵɱȳͬ־Ҫá
Ĳ˵سаǿϵڱ¶
ҺǾãҪԱ֪ˣֻӵỵˡ
ռѾˣ
ӡˣͬ⡣
ǾԼˣɵӶ֪ҪͬⰡ
⡭ǲ̫ˡ
Щʵ
ǣΪũɲǲֹũͬ־ɻҲҪǹӣֻܾܣǹϺӡԽԽá
ǡǲ֪զ˵ˣɲô꣬ͷһ֪ӵũͬ־ġ
ôˣû𣿡
ǣؿֵǮĶˡũͬ־ľ۱衣۳ֲ֮⣬԰һЩߵƶ֮ظǳֿԴ޾Ч棬زֹʳֲֵǮĶҪֵɹ
ȣ˽ΪɶռܷչˣһֻϻһȺϻţϻţҲܳϻˡ
ǣҽ룬δ˭ǣռ͵ģʽҪǳһԱˡ
㲻˵Ҳû˸ұ䣬ҪȻԱóǡ
Цǿ϶ᣬҲϣռܹиչĻᡣŷչͱɱˡ
ǵҲ֪һ죬϶ᡣ¶Ҳϱ쵼׿ϡҲҪ׼ˣ쵼Ƕһˡ
֪컹ҪΪվ¶ԶţϾȥȥǼ㱨ˡ
˵ռ͵ģʽĲ豭ˡ
û취δš֮ǰֲҪ˾ȡǼ徭ãЩΪһȫµļ徭ģʽʱܸơ˭Ҳûռ
Ȼһ˲Ľռ͵Ա
ҪɹˣԱСӵùĶð
Կռܲ߳һһ·ռ˵ҲｫǶλʾӣδ¹˭Ӱ࣬ҲƷʾӵģʽ
úǸˡ
֯Ҳй涨ֻҪίǺίӶͬ⣬Խ涨棬պµ쵼ӣҲҪһ˼ġġ
ҲռͲδ쵼ָֻŵϹָӡ
Ҳûпܵġ
Ƕ̲סȥռͿˣ뵽ռæţҲգ׼Ժռĸļ徭ģʽȥιۡ
ڶ죬ͽӵ˹绰Ӻ֪ľҲǴΪɡ
κһµĳԣ쵼ͬ⣬쵼֧뷨ʡˡ
Ϊѩڻûȿʼͳ˿ڡ
ЩûϻڵĸϽϣĸϽᡣ
Ϊ˷ֹûҽ飬Ҳ涨ˣ˽䣬֤ģŷء
һʱռͱյʱҪæµҼһæϻڣæ˵ףͰϢĶȥˡĶһռô㣬ӶҪˡ
ĶռͣҲ΢˵㣬⻹׷ռأռֱûӰˡ
ЩԱڼţҲԲ£϶˯š
벻ףԼ˼ռ͵ײˣŶ̶̼꣬˼һɳˡ
ȻԱҲԼģ˼ûñȣĽҲû취ֻܸɿţȻ󿴿ˣһ¡
ֵһǣռ͸ŮӷصϢ֮ǰأȴŮӷصĴԱˣû˼ռǮ˼ƽܲռ͵ŮˣԼŮʲôˡ
ӸɲϽűӣ֮ǰƷ·֡
ڶôʱҲˡǵȥʡǣȻһ·ȥʡǣվ
лҪ˵ôôգ


220 
ȥĵһվǻʡʡ, ȥصʳְ, ʳ, ൱˳
ʡǵʳҲ֪ϹֽĴ¶, ֪ܲܵ, Чʺܸߡ
ˣһС
ҲҪģʤڵλúãҹ
⻹ҪС췢չʱȽ磬Ҫǵȹӣ廧, оҲˡ
һִǰ, ȥ֪췢йļԼϵСܳͻʡһֿ⣬ΪԺǸʡתվ
ټĲֿ⣬۾ֱˡ
ôĲֿ÷Ŷٻﰡ, ⻹ֻǼʡĹӦʡءǹӦ𣿡
СǸ治ұ֤
, һ, , һߡС쳧Ҳ᲻ġǶǼ˶ʱȫطΧˡ֮ǰԤĹҵأȫøҪȻôȥģ
, ֱ۵˽⵽Сı仯Ƕô޴ǹˡ
иû˵
ռ͵СҪ֮⣬Ҫδ꣬½ڸϲͳʳӹСɴ󳧣ҵչһݾҲܱסԭеĳӣҵ̻δó﹤¸ڡ
Ҳǿ˫۷Ź⡣ǿֿ⣬֪δСжˣȻͳôĳӵĸ
һʱ䶼ЩʵĸоˣǣԺ쵼Ҫ𣿡
֮ǰԼѧר͹ˣڿûѧѧ»С
ڸɵĻõӦĲãٵô¸ɲã
ͷȻʮּᶨһǲԡĲãϣǻõˣҵ˳ķչ
ҡ
Ц⻹˵ɵĲǾ͵õɵĺãǾͺúøɡǿǵһ쵼ءСĽ죬Ҳǵһݹ͡
ʱһɽ
С޵УչڣǶһֿԼӳĸоˡ
֮ǰֻΪŬڿС췢չãҲԺԼҲǸõˣûϺȡ
ʡǶ˼֪֮ѾŰ˸кˡ
Ǵ½֪࣬ҲʡǱˡ
ҲǻְҪĿ졣
ϸˣְܹûпϸģҲֻܻȥ
Щ֪ѧǹģҪǿˣġ
ϸѡ˼˿ڿ졣µ֪ˣ˻Ǻ׼̸̸֣Ͼ֪ˡ
ѡ˱׼Ҳܼ򵥣һƷãͨԵˣûʲôۡȻڿ졣沢ûжҪ
ڶǿġ
ְ֮󣬶СͳʽһĹʱ׼С칤һģҲŵɵĺãн
⽱ķž൱һǺɵı׼ͬһЩЩܹسҹôõ֪˵Ѿܺˡ
Ҳ֪СĸΪ˸Щ֪ṩλŸĻᣬﶼܸм
ʡǶ˼죬һЩѵһִ֮Щ˹һΣҲ֪δÿô
绰ᰲţԺÿŵ㱨Լͳƣܲ㱨
Լεݴվվ֪
Ҷסˣһúøɵģ

ܹسǣʱ쵼ɵĺãδת̫ѵˡ
ͷҲûٶ˵˵ʲôǰڹҲิӣϾվҲһӾͽģһУЩҲɳˡ
Сηչ̫죬׶˵ȻеģǾȱԱˡͻܶѡ
ѶǿԿ˷ģֻҪĺãδû¶
뿪ʡǣǾȥˡ
ΪվǱԪҲǹȥϣ
·ͺ໹˵ˣδЩվ֮ܳҪѲӵġ
Ӧˣר꣬һܱҵˡ
ûϵҾͶܣҵˣܹˣ
Цһ¡
񲻺˼Ŀ˿ȡ
ӣ֪⻹ûӸס
ƿ⻹׼һֱôţ
Ȼʹ
˸£δԼϲ˭϶˵ˡ
һʵĺöɲס
رָƶģһ͸ˡҪˡ
˺ǣԪѾ߰ˣʼйˡ
Ԫŵ˶רҵʿҲǿֵģ͸ˣֻ̻֮ģҪ߰š
Ѿõӣʱרҵʿǲһ
滹װһ£ߴϺܶ࣬ڻʡǸҪá
¶˽н骣ҲǸԪعһˣعĹԭع֮ĶһЩ˾ڲĹȫ¶ʱԼҵˡ
˽֮⣬ھͬѧ˶Ǻˣ˴θԪһǰܺ󣬴Ӱѡַװ֮ģǶѧ˺ܶ࣬ŷûô򵥣˵һоˣҪг飬ۺϿǣѡַ
Ҳ֪װ궼ҪͬһУͬװ꣬˿ƵĸоһҲܴ
ԭֻľѧӱʾ棬Ȼгǿδ־ˣⶼҪ֪֪ʶ
Ҳог졣
Ҳͨн֪гȷʵȶԾܶࡣ
ΪļңһΪʶ˼롣
ǻۿԪЩӦƸ֪ѵ˵ķʶ
˵ʵڵģҪǹӪԱ߳һַ̬꣬ȣӪֻҪš
ˣ˷ܵĺԼľ
ԪߵĽЦλͬѧṩ˺ܴİǲгУѡַṩݡ
λѧʾԼҲѧ˺ܶࡣ
೤Ǿĺ塣
ЦҲˣô˵ˣҪȻܾÿǡ
ôأǺѵõĻᡣλѧЦŵȻ˰೤ѵһΣһԶٷɡ
ȻܾȹæˣͣɲԪͬ־Ҳһɡ
ЦģҪǻ췹ԣԪ
Ԫô𣿡
Ҳϣֻɹˡ骵
ɲаԪĹȷʵܸߣ߹ʾע˸߱׼
УҲýΪˡδСĹԱˣĹǺǽӣҲϣָܹһ£ϾС֮ǰȷʵûⷽľ顣
һģģһȫϵġ
ǳʱصرˣҪԪĹ
ΪСǷԪҪˣǮղˣǾǴˮƯˡΪСܹծǶϣСܹĺã׬Ǯ
СҪġ
ĹûˣʡѾ໹һιˣھǺԪԽӣҲûԪѧϰһ¡
ܲйͿδЩҪġ
ֽţּͽ֣ŬԼص
ǻཻˣλͬѧȥԷ
·˵һЩǵ顣
˷δ廧ԽԽࡣ
㿴ڴСѾһЩ˸ˡǻɣδ϶ҲС
һͬѧͣûȻڶְҵãǹӦ׶֮󣬻иˣǻгҲԾˡ
ҲΪС칤гСлᷢЩ
ǳԷʱ򣬶ȥǮƱ
ԾԼûʧʲôͨѧ˺ܶණ
ǲΪǸŮѧͲһǮɡǲҲ뷨ɡŮͬ־ΪʲôͳԷ
㡭
λѧ࿴ۣȻεҡͷ
Ͱɡ
Ƕû˼ֱ˵Ůͬ־ȷʵӦñͬ־չˣǰ೤ͲǸŮͬ־
лҪ˵ôôգ١Ϊˡ
ԺҲʱ䰡Ҹо֮ҲǳٵΪ˸ʱдҲʹ졣ǻ϶ϸµġôôա


221 
Էʱ, ٴθܵһιӪķʶ
̾δгӿ, Ӫضܵ
λ緢, һЩ, ٷԵ൱ʹ죬Ҳûƽν̬Ⱥòˡ
ֻ극뿪Ӫ֮, ̲סһԼ
̬ȣһЩõ˽Ӫλضȥ
ǲһӪλϾ֡
һͬѧ, ȷʵ, ֵˡ
ֵʱ䳤أ
׸
뵽ˡ
ɲֹӪ꣬Ӫλأ
λѧʱЩ
Դѧ˾, ǶⷽͺС
żҲ˼ʺľơ
Ŀǰƺ˼ˣﾺĽ
, Ҳ̫, ҪĲǹӪ˽Ӫ, ҪǹС죬ǰʶʶδŵ꾺Ҳ, ΪӪʣ׵õϰյΡ
೤˵öԡҸоԼҵδĿˣҲȥףҪȥӪλһҹӪλҷչãҲһɾ͡
ЦԤף³ɡ
೤ԺֻᣬǶʵ֪
ȻԣС컶ӭΪ־֮ʿˡ
λͬѧֵЦ
ֱȥ·ڸһЩġοԪˡ
˼ǰװװæģõλ
վſڣ׼ȥͼվվ
˵þûˣ
Ҳû뵽Լռˡ
ȻⲻԵ֣ҹġ
վҲ񿴣̸Ц
ģǰڼʱˡ
񿴵Լȴװû׼ȥˣŸϽһ
ͬѧȥԼվ߹ˣҼǵ˵ˣ˵İˣôⲻģҹģ
վ㼸ˡʵʵ˵ֽҿˣ֪Ҫںǽվչġ
ʵϣ͸ϰ˵ˣҪǱֽϵˣ绰֪ͨһ
ġ
ʲô¶
ˣ趼ûˡĲ
㲻ȥβң
֪ڹĺܺãб£Ҳϱֽ֪һŮûңδô죿ҸżңҪԴվᣬõʱ׷Ҳ֮࣬ûҵİҲ
⻰ΪԼˡ
ҪΪϽ߰ɣˣ治Ҫҡ
վǲǾͬ־ˣ;òˣ߱ߵͬ־ࡣ
һ㶣ոԼͬѧ˵˵ЦЦӣƱվˡ
ٺվ˵ģİ˻磬ʵûбҪ
⻰ԼӦ˵
Ϊʵڲ²졣
վ˺Ů֮䣬ǵ֮⣬ûϵŮ˲˲˺Ů˴һ𣬾еʲô
վ죬û˼ֻ㣬뿪ΪǴġ
ЦҡͷΪңҲŸӾȷģǴģ㲻ңֲҺãͱ統硣
վ죬
Ȼ֪ôǴ㻹Щ˼룬Ҿ֪ʲôˡңõȷʵ˶Ůõƽ̨ԼһӵڱϣҺżңעԼûˡ裬ΪֺɷΪԼŮȡƽң󻹵ÿӶϱɫ㡭Ҳ˵㿴Һͬ־һʱ򣬾˵Ѿʼˣ㿴Ůͬ־ҲԼԼˣ˭ܿ㡣
ˣرæԹһʹˣʵûҪپڰ֣ҲվҰ׵
Ҳͬ飬ΪվҲضΪá
ͬĸ츸Ľ㣬ǲԼܹúáţ뿪νܹ֮úáҲ֪ʲôȻݲԼͬĸ츸á
ԼҲӣûʲô顣
棬վʧǡ
ȷʵǿֽ֮һֱﲻƽ⣬벻ͨΪʲôʲôûеܹԽԽá
ԼиҺͺżңȴί
ûںżҲСӶʱ䣬˵ôһ
ڼűֽʱ̾ļ̸ĸס
վ֪Ƕںڡ
ΪʧȥһŮڣȴԼߵŮӶ
Т˳¡
ԼҲӰͳֽͱǩԼ׶쵼֣ȣ緢ӣֹסĽ
ԼǲҲ
ԼΪʲôûء
𡤵á
ڵϿ֪ǿԼĹȥԼδ
վռҲûҹ
֪ǲ֪ԼˣȷʵѾˡҲûܣȥѾȥˡ
վԺҲˡ
ںǴ˼죬֮½ȥС
ҪǰվʡУûôżˣվ֮Щվٷչߣһȥͼ򵥶ˡ
ò˵ԪĴѧͬѧȷʵ˲æʡĲ٣ԪרҵĹ飬ѧͬѧǱˣṩصļΪ˳ǵʱҲʲôˡ
˷ܵĲˣҿûѧٶԭλô
ҲǲҪٹ淶һ³Ĺ
ҵ治سԼооϹ淶ɣСķչϾԺǿԼġ
š
׼ȥһЩĴѧϰһˣ
Ӵ֮ҲԼûôˡ
ȥȥɣ¶Ҷš
ţЦŵͷ
񽻻ʱ򣬶¶˼ɫȻ˫˫ܿˡ
ιһڹ
һҲùˡ
ʱһЩҲҪżˣ¶첻ɡ
Ĵ¶Ѿ꣬ʣµҲʱˡ
ֱӻռ͡
磬䣬ѩ׷ɵġ
ǻʱռȴҼһŵƽʵġźŴϲġ
ռ͵˿û˼ɼõǶԾҲʼ׷ˡ
֪ǻ¶զûɶѡ
Цһ˳
ҶЦݡ
ռ͵֪ԼδѾСˡ
СãҾͺãС첻ãҲ᲻á
ǶСĸ鼫Ϊ񣬼ֱʳĸһ㣬ŶԼڳ﹤ĺӣһҪúøɣ͵ˣ
ǻʱ򣬶Ѿʮˣ극ûϣϳһԲ
˳ȫˡ
ռ˵ûѹÿģΪ˸õǰ̣ռҲϸʵûʲôˡ
ҹҲûҹ˯һ
ĥţһ¶Ҳˡ
Ǽ¶֮ҲԿԼļˡֻ룬¶ʱղҪҪսҶƽƽ
лҪ˵ôôգ


222 
һ, ռҾˡ
Ҳ⼸, һοմá
մռҵĴŮ, Ҳվǿвĵ״㡣
˵, λҲǿˣ, ΪܹԿڰմþ˵һԶżңȻҲڱʡȴԶܹͨù롣
رŮˣ֮˺, Ϊ˼ͥ, Ҷˡ
մþǼûˡ
ҲӣʹŮÿһЩ
ǰҲѣﲻæ
մû, ̱ˡҲΪɶһͻˡ㣬ʮϾ͵ҹ·ˡ
մɫ㲣ͷ, ˿Щϡ
ߺ, մý, ռϢТ˳ӡ
, ãûɡ
Цźá
մϸȻЦŵͷӣռҿɶˡڰɽضϢˣ˵رб£ռҲúء
ЦҶŬ˵ġ
մЦЦȻֺ˵ЩԲסû
̵ûɶԶ㡣żף㼸ֶӶöӡ
մõ裬λҲ¶ġ
죬ãɶ°ɶ𣿡
Ҳûɶѣ磬Ҽ϶ⲻǳȥ궼ҪģͶûŶûУȥӴ绰Ҳɶû˵ֻ˵ˣҾ͵ġ۶Ҳ֪ɶɲҲĥǴ׶ģҾҹϹˡ
һŲŮ磬ԾӴǴʮʹӼ߹ģġ
һΣġմõ
̸Ͻó°ŮøɾЬӻɶ¶˵ڲӣ㵣ɶһܳ
մ΢΢۾ûҿޣĲüﲻϲ졣
Ьӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
졣
֪ȷʵսˡ
Ͼ߾ˡ
ҲУһδˡ
֮󣬹ҽӭܶĺƽ
¶û˵ڲӹҲֻ׼
ãȻ׶ģ֪Ҳࡣӵ¶Ƕǻܣ⴫ġ
֪֪һŶ𣿡
οûŶǺ£˵ɶҲûءʱҲἯѵ֮ģʱϵˣ˵ˣҸʲôְλ
Ǹ೤մý
೤ȻǴɲǶմ˵ԼһͨũܹһɲĶӣѾܲˡ
͵೤ҲǸɲɲѵѧϰˣҲˡҪȻй¶ʲô鷳Ͳˡ
𣿡մýˡҲˣԼдŻ
ͷӵ¶Ǵ¶¹ɶ¶ĶϢ
šմõͷ
¶ˣҲȰմһֺ˵ռá
ֿϧմûϺʱҪǵռôãҲü޵ôԶˡ
մõⶼڹҲãǶˡ
ڼ˷մþˣߵʱ̸Ǯ⣬װһЩóԵġ
ҲſģȻռ͵ĵ绰ɶ£ֱӴ绰ˡٴԶĸϹ
̺򣬴绰ôԶˡ绰Ҹ㱨ˣǮˣûȥҲϳԣúá
մõˣû򣬽Ҳȥȥ
̵ǿɲ㣬⣬Ҳչ˵㡣
Ϊ֤Ϻãָմװһϡ
ȥȻҲǸ˳ѵġҲŹȥ͹ûؼȥ
մˣ̲Ÿп˵մǸġ
Ϊɶմûô϶ΪմõɷҲǴøͷҲϱѲûˣմü޹ȥ֮˺ӣǺԽԽԽТ˳մˡֻ϶ģǸϢĺӡ
˵˵ȥǵ
ΪѾ߳үү̣˽ǻһףûʲôҵסռȻգүүȻҲֵܣȴҲṩʲôʰ
һשһߣһһߣԼġ
ҾͺүүǸпڵ֮װ
񣬡񰡣˵㽨治¶ɣǧ£˵ģЩˡǿõ
ﶼأ̣۵ҲûðֻܵϢˣһ׶ܲϢ

Ӧˡ
ϵ֪ս
үүս֮ľˣ䵽СϴȥɲẒ̇Լװ֡
װҲͲ**ͰɡҲ˲ȥСϴ尲仧
ûսҲûүү˽˵үүսĲпᡣүүǸүүһ˻Ҳ壬˲Сϴʮ궼ûûˡ
ЩϣʱղһϣûսҲˡ
¶ζ˼֡
˳ǳȥ
ȥһе¶еôҲǰռʹæģռһ׵ʱ򣬸ռͺܴİȻҲҪرһ¡
Ѿת񣬼ֱͿһ ǶĻͿˣģ궼ûϢʮڼӰӵءǣǵȻҲʧ
ǰǰе쵼ĸоȫûˡ
Сһɳ죬ֱԽˡ
С컹˺ܶඩԭЩĻеֺһѣˬˡ
еһŵùģҪȻҲõѡ񡣡
üЦȥιǵĳʾϰ׼ռˡ
Żеĳ˵ʵѾϾˡ
еҲǺܺá
ǵＸṤҵҵҵ˿ɽǻеҡ
Ϊе̯Ӳýӣ˾͵ûɲˡЩһ֮Ļǲܱȵġ
ǻеҲѹҪֳǲװ֮ṤҵҪռгΪعҵֻҪǲƷãԶҲҪ
Ҳء
еҲǶ࿿񵱳ǳע⣬Ǹе˾׬ǮˡȻãǵܲһ¡
ҲܴӸתԭ
һ뷨ˡ
ⵥ֮ǻЧô
ЩΣҲС
û취еľǻеƷ֮ǰũûеҲ׬һʣǺΪûмԱƷЩũûеˣҲ
ãԼеҪˣٵڼԱȻ󻻳
˵ʵ⣬Ҳʲô
и飬֪ûȤ
һ˵ĻǵȻȤġ
СͷˣҲˣδǺܴġǵİװ֮͸ˣԣҪһӣΪǳڵģȶṩװƷ
۾һ˼ǡ
֪û뷨еתأеһҲţٷһƬֳרΪСװƷңҵ뷨ǣΪȶһܹСϲ

ҿɲǺȨΪ˹淶װʵ̫ҪˣǱϸҪ󡣡
ҲĿǰõĻе̫Ρ
Կһ£ʵҲǴԼ齨ģҿǵʱ⣬ԼÿԸеЧ棬ԲŻ顣еƸۣĸĸҲܹ˵Ǻϲ滹ǵģֻҪල͹ȨѡδǵɲС̻һСˡ
ų乤˸ɻӣĬһ£ңҺͳί
ͷУڶﻹ죬ϣ֮ǰܹá
Ҳżͺ˵һСԼҲԽʱ⡣
ǲ뿴Щ˷ѡ
еͻᵼ¸òЧãô๤ĹҲ޷á
ⶼ˷ѰԼ½ӹţһѵֱӽ֡
лҪ˵ôôա


223 
Ǿġ
һȨ, е, һҲ֪, еȷʵЧ治ˡ
ʹѹûɶ
⼸Ҳµĵάһ¡Ǵ֮ǰֻе, ڶҪʼ˿ˡ
ڰ칫Ͼãתһ, ŷװ֮֯Ṥҵչĺ𣬻һĽ
˭ԼĳӺĻղǮء
︣Ч, ڲжá߳ȥҲӡ
˳, ҲҪĸģЧզ
ΪϵҲء
һȦžȥȥ
ûⷽľ, ҲǸеһᣬеĹһᡣ
ȻܸСש, õġ
ȥ乫˾̸
乫˾м, ƽʱŸλЩλʵԼҲг, ǲã·̱ȽԶͻ乫˾
һȫʹ, ˾ҲаˣǮЩÿƽġ
ɰ乫˾ĸ˸˻ˡ
乫˾ҲǰˣΪҷչ֮󣬻ҲλԼ·˳ӣΪ˷㣬ҲԸԼĳӣ乫˾乫˾ûǰˡ
СĳаһͲˣҪԺһֱа乫˾Ժ׬ˡ
񻰷һתʱţԺԼ³ˣͲ鷳ˡ
һ⻰乫˾ͿˣԼ򳵳ɱߣ乫˾ĳǷ㣬ǷҲܵ
ҡͷԺ⼸ԼĳǷһЩ浽ɱҲÿƣǵĳײԼģ㡣
乫˾Щġ
ò˲Ҫֻ׬һ꣬ǿ̫ϧˡ
һԿɣҪźãǾٿǡ
⻰乫˾ˣԣһ꣬ұ׼źá
Ҫǰ乫˾쵼ǲôͿͻ̸ģӻҪá
ҲˣҪǳڿգ˾Ϊ̡
ǩЭ֮ǰȥԼѡĳ
Щ¾ˡ
ͷҲˡ
˵
õúã乫˾Ҳ¡
СҪ䲿治١乫˾ͻеǲһģҲó£һ֮
СʽԣˣԼ³齨ţǮ취Ū
공֮ǩԼʱˡ
Ϊ¶æ죬еҲˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵¶
Ҳҧͬˡ
ǰ㣬Ҳµľİ
⻹ʵҪĿռģûôġ
ĳȻǷֳǸԶʵ˼һ
ռ;Ͳһˣ൱ڳ˼һһˡ
廹ǲһġ
˺ܾãֻҪ׬ǮҲˡҲΪˣڿ
ЦŵҿԸ㣬ԺԲڡǵ쵼ΪɶܲΪһȨΪóЧãù˹ҸΪ˴Ŀ꣬ǾӦòһ񡣡
̾ǿϧҵĻеˣĳȻɷֳɺôܱԭеһװ
ҡͷ㲻ô룬ֻʱġһװֳΪ˸еǮǮˣԸнƸ뼼ԱƣоҲȥõĻеģڴ󣬶ڼľҪǳ＼ߣ¾һ̨ˣҲҪǵ
⻰ȻЩţҲ
һ̾ϢҲûˡ
ĥŰһЩĹ˷ֳװȥСܣһЩļϹˣе
Ȼû˵㣬֮ǰѾ뵽ˡ
˿϶ǴԼĽǶȳġ
治ںЩ
ϼ˼еҲǺġ
ֻҪЩûе豸Ĺ˾ˣֻже豸ͲҪˣЩֱӦµĻеܿʼˡ
ļ죬æźͻеװֳ¶
ЩеıĹ˻϶ˡ
ǶԼϵĸλˡ
ΪŽãûɶԱֳˡ
ﻹЩģóˣҪǷֵ³İװװһ֪ǸṤģȵϻе
ͷ
ڼλ쵼¹ǽ
ͬ־ǣСͳĳԺճǶСǸӣСͻеϻһװװֳרΪСװƷĳӡȻװȨڻеǹȨԼʹȨСġδǼǻе繤ˣҲСһӡƶϣҪСƶȡҲǸСһġ
Ĺһɫˡ
ΪСȻȷʵˣΪӵĳӣʱ׼϶ǰ
ǵĸˡ
ʲ䣬Ƕʮ壬֮ǰĹͽȥĹҲ䡣ûô䣬ﻹ̤ʵˡ
ֻǻʣʮһȫУĸ˼룬ҲʼҵڲнƶȽһĸʮ֮⣬ÿɻĻϣ˶ټƷҲйʡҲ˵ֻҪĺϸƷ࣬ÿ»һʶĽ٣Ǹ˶ġͺǴǰֲֹˣöֶ࣬ࡣÿ˶ƽ
ϵڱˡ
ҪԼֽſ㣬Ӱ࣬㣬Ժÿ¶ܶǮ
Ǯã˭ĥ󹤰
Щۡ
Ϊ⹤ʱ׼С춨ģΪǮǻеģЩ˹ʻɻеСֻÿµĹ˹ʡеĲзš
û취⳧ӹȨСģеڳ׬ǮǮûȨˡ
ɢЩֳĹ˾ûʲô뷨ˣ˷ܵĲˡ
ˣ֮ǰĥ󹤣Ϊɶٶһ
ڲһˣжĹãĸɾͶ־Ͷˡ
˸ʵڷǽ֮⣬󲿷˶ϣܹտһùʵġ
Ǿ״̬ǲġ
Ǯ϶
ЦǮҲɻˣԼʱһ˰ɣǿ˻׬ˡ˵ʵڵģڶЩ۸ЩˣԺԣˣҪǼӹʣӸܶԲЩΪҷ׼Ĺͬ־
Ҫܶ׬ǮóЧˣҿ϶ǵġ
ûĻ
缸꣬ӪλȷʵҲǶԹ˺ãס͹ڸǺúõġ˻ܷˮƱ֮ġ
ĲˣҲΪЧ治ˣòЩǮˡ
Ȼδ˽ҵȷʵҲҾ÷չˣǴӹ˴棬Ӫλȷʵá
ҲϣܹסеϾҲǵռжĵλ
ж׼
ϼҴЩ죬඼ˣֵȥѧˡ
¶ҲȥˣøŸɲԼȥȥ
Сŵ쵼󲿷ֶռ͵֪ʶӣûϴѧС칤ġ
һֱռ͵ĲϰϿΣѧϰ֪ʶڵλﱻ̵һʱ䣬һμӹ߿¹ܿûϣһ¶ǰǰηηӣӱô
š
ֵһǣռͻʣ¼֪ûϴѧģҲ׼С첻ˣǱҲСĵһˣڸְλϵ쵼
С췢չãҲռͰ仧ˡ
ϾȥˣҲҲôõĵλ
ЩϹˣ֪ʶڣǶСķչôˡ
һȺиɾˣ̺һչĵ·δڶķչСδˡ
뿪ʱ򣬶һ˲ٳԵģòˣȫ˻ȥˣװһЩˮ󵰺ͼĸɹ֮ġ
ˣһûء
񰡣ҪúչԼ
˼Ƕš
ǵĹǣռ͵ϣ
Ц֪ģءǣҪչ˺ԼռδӿҪһġ
Ц
ȥȥ֮󣬾ͺͼ˻ж˸
Ϊ޵ˮ·ҲȣٶҲ졣ܿ뿪ˡ
ö˵һÿζŪô󶯾´λֵɶҿ档
Ҳ棬ɶʱȥס
һ˵ɶأ˿ȣʱû
ǰûĥҲˡǲ׼ˣҪҵģҪ뷨˵ȻˣܾҲҪſģҪᡣ¶Ը
ˣ֪ˡ㣬һСҼҵģҲû֪Ļͦࡣ
һ˭˵û뵱ҲѧУ׷ڶֻ࣬ûġÿζ֡
Ϊִ࣬Ż˵ⷬ
öɶʱ򴦸󰡡ѧУôˣûźʵģѧУﲻǴ𣿡
ûУӲԵδ
ܲ˵˼̸ֻѧҵ봦ɡ
Ҳȷʵûźʵġ
ͷÿ˶Լ룬Լᶨ顣Ŀȷ
룬ֲ֧ġעδСҲžۡ
ͷԽΪǰȻԶ
Ҳ⡣ִ࣬һ̫ǿһҲΪ֪ڻ統ٵľǿңɸı䣬Բŷġ
Ĭӣ뵽Լû˸׷󣬶ǾԼ̫ һ벻ۡ
ɼʱ̫ˣҲһַա
Ҳ֪ͬ־Ůͬ־᲻ῴ
Լ̾˿Ǳôһᣬﻹȥ˵˵ˡ
лҪ˵ôô


224 
뷨һ˸, ͹زˡ
ϳ֮, ȥ˻˶ˡ
Ͷ˱ƽ, ʾȷʵȫȫ˳֮, лȥλࡣ
ȫȨŵλ¶Ȼ˼¶ˣӰ˵¶Ҳܶ, һһ¶رࡣ
ˣЦŴк
˿ȣɶҪ𣿡
ʱûУ첻ҲҪȥѲվҲͦæģϢϢɡ
, û¶, в
Ҫһڡתˡ
룬ȥ³ʲôʱܹϰˡĲɹҲҪల, ȥȫزɹԭϻӹˡ
վ֮󣬿϶Ҫʼ̻ģɲС
ͷ, ԼҲҪ, Ƹû˸ɴ, и¶㡣
ʵʲô¶
, Ժؼȥ𣬾ǡسǡ
ԾЦˣһسǸʲôɵĺúõģ󷽱֮⣬Ҳûʲôõġ
سǻȲҲȥվȵڣ
ɵʱء
ڹˣȥӰ𣿡
㲻ˣЦﻹʱ俴Ӱ㿴һ̯¶ҹҿѧҪټˡæꡣ
Ҳǣæ
׼һȽյĳϣ߰ʾһµġ
ڿ಻ʺ·ߡ
˿ԣŮ䣬ɻ⻰ͬ𣿡
಻֪ΪʲôôʣȻͷ
Ҫ˸𣿡
һ㶣Ȼ
ŵӺףͷż⣬ǾҲǺܲɻУæʱҿԸ֡
ӣЩˡ²ԼӣЦͷκ˵лֱ˵
Լˣûôɴװŵӵҽʮ꣬ռͱˣһ磬ãһܵܡ˿Ȼ࣬ǶܺáڳﵣΣʼӽÿʮˣپţֻӦȵƣ֪ãʲʺϴ󡭡֪ѧҲϴˣ֮ǰûӣֻڽް˸бҵ֤ûμӸ߿˵ЩλҹУԺȶˣҲȥȥ
һ˵꣬涼֪˵ʲôˣֻ쿴ࡣ
࿴һΪԷôܾԼʱ
˵һ䣬á
۾
ûղ˵Ǻãǲǡ
ǣվߵߣ˻ʡ
Ͻվȥ Ӧ˰Ӧˣ
ͳˣûܽ
զôʵأ
׷ȥʱ෴ܻȥˣûȥվЦ
Լڻ˴ͮͮ
ԼЩûϢƽʱͦһˣȻ˸֮ôûϢˡ
һֱΪģԼǲǡҪǿ϶
Ǵ˳ȥһɵЦӣЦˣô¶úùΪӰ칤ˣ
ϣòʵоһġ
ȴоɶٻۡ
ǲ֪Լһȥˣһ˵ĵõͬ⡣
һ·ڵ׶վ
ϤĳУž˼֡
ʱ鷴ɵˡ
ÿѧӦǰȥһϰζŻϧʱ⡣
߳վ׼ȥȥ˺ˣʦʦ
һС¡
С»ӣдŻӭʦ׶
֮ﾹȻѵõЩΡ
Ͻȥôˡ
С¸ȥ㲻Ǻ׶վ绰˵Ԫ˵һ˲㣬ҹһ¡
ԴСҲ⣬ϾʦֹʦǺԪкϵС쵼ˡ
ǰҲûдͻ
ϽлԪѹַչãԺϻ˺Ϳͻôģûлͷ͡
ʦ˵ôҲǸλ쵼ôûŪһ
˴֣ǻǷأɲֵʱǮҪڵϡ
С¶شر壬Ҫڹ⣬ֹҵλ쵼Ƕȹ˺Լġʦһλ˽ĺ쵼
˿һ£Ԫôѧôˡ
ԪԼѧҲ֪ʲôЩæСµû׶ûϢҪˡ
һ⣬ȷ𣿡
׶ֽ϶ˣЩYرţֻⲻˡ
׻ǺԼ֪һ
ҲˣΪս
Щ궼˼ˣԼֻȻַչδô귢չѸ٣ľ͸ӾЩǰ쵼ˡϧԼڻ޷ʲô
СѾʵۺˣ뻹Ϊǰṩʡ
ʲôˡ
սϻԵսʿԼЩ˲սʿ
үүⳡս²
ͬүүľˣΪ˲УҲܶѡ
Ϊ¶ЩġҲû֮ǰѧУɸо
ѧУ³֮ٴεлҰٺˣȥݷԪ
СµУһԪ㱨ġ
ȳˣŽѧУ
˶ˡ
ˣ˵İŰʰ
ҲǷԼز
žҲԼĶһЩɹ
ģҲġ
趼𣿡
ţǲǰˣǺúžͺáҲõЩĹʣڻ׼顣
һжˡЦ
žͷȻ̾ϧҲһֱǣֻܵԺˣˡ
Ҳʱѡǲġ
ţЦɷȼˡ
žϹ˵Ųˡ
ҲЦ֣Լʰ̡
æˣȥˮʱžҲһˣ˼ԼܲڸŪһһ㸨׬Ǯ
ⲻӰѧҵ𣿸඼˵ˣԲӰѧϰʱΪǰᡣ
ž֪һᰲźõġ
Ǯ費Ѿˣ
Ͱûϵžͷҵ뷨ңɷӵ
֪¶ˣô£ɷʲô뷨
žҡͷ۾΢΢ķ죬ǡˡ
⻰һǺúõ𣿡
ͦõġžЩú˵ҲԸ˵
ɷǸмˣǴҶ֪ģΪʲôм֮ǰûϸ˵
ɷ֮ǰǸˣɨױսϵµһЩסˣûˡҲ˲ҲչϹ
ǸˣҲûڼڶŴñҽ֮ҲҺáѧϰ顣
ž˵ţ۾Щ죬ôЩ꣬һֱûͬ
񣺡
˵Ҳžתƻ⣬ҾͦõģԼҴ߰꣬һǲмˣҼ˻ָˣòʣҹˡҺҪѧϽӳˣûĻᡣ
ôƴ׬ǮǸɶ
ţǷֿ̫ˣ׬ǮȻ֤Ҳǿ˹ӵģȻǮ˰ӹ鲻𣿡
žͬ־̫ˡ
ԴԼȻܼǿĻԱġ
ⲻǮ⣬ӹˣҲûô
ô죬Ҳ飡žᶨ
ɷõˡ
˲·ʲôá·ҲûϵŹ㣬ԼҲܷš
ɶ˵һּ֫װܹ֮վ·ȻѣǿԿԼվùˡ
ž۾һ𣿡
ͷ
򵽣
Ҳҵʱһ£ûС
žͷ
ֻҪɷվͺˡ
վˣһݺʵĹˣͲűˡ˵˵ȥֻǲ뵢㡣
ž۾ˣһ۾ûеûûҽ졣֮ǰ۵ˣӱ𾴵ˣԶ
Ƿ֮Ļ֣û˭˭ġ㿴֮ǰڲҲ취ѣɷҲġ
šž걻һ˸ˡ
лл㡣
΢΢ЦЦﷴøࡣ
ҪܸЩ˲оҵǮȻæϵӼ֫߸֮ģͺˡ
뵽ԪʵˡҵңǮ·
ôһֻʹߣëá
Ȼ¶ԪֻкôûġϾ¶һãܵõӵĺøС˵ԺõάٲӵĸҲǺܴġ
׼ʱ̽һ£ҪλԪûӦȥұҵҡ
߸ɴԼҧͷ
˵˵ȥ
ں޲ԼܹҵȻϽȥ㾭á
лҪ˵ôôաȥԷˣЩ


225 
ʰ, ȥ绰ƽ
æ, һֱڰ칫˵绰
, ̲סɵЦ˼, ɰ񾪵ˡ
ɶˣ
Լ׵¶˵ˡ
û뵽ôˣöҺڰ, Ҫ㡭
ûɶ¶ˡ
񣺡
㲻Ҫ˼״ӦģΪ˽죬֮ǰŬˣҪϧθ飬ϧ㸶ôŬƥϵĺö󣬲Ҫú׾Ͱ׷ˡ
Ͻ, ϡ, æˣҪȥҹУȥһѧڲұˣǺڸŬʱûŬ˵ⵢ¶, ѹֱ˵ĳҪ
ЦˣǾף㻹ꡣ
ͼ˵һ, ƽ, λ¶, ѧУ绰ÿûԼĵ绰ġˣͻἰʱعȥ
Ӧ, ţѧæɲܸ鷳ˣܸɵԼˡ
ôԼҲжˣҪеһЩչӡ
ʮţѹֱ˵ɼҵ˾ͻó죬ȻеԼˡĶܽˡ
ϧŴϣ
ûൣС
ƬվѾˣԼ½½淢չʱٰܳȥѲһ̻һʱ䣬Ҳ
ѧǰ죬Ҳæµˡ
ѧĵ¶ϵ¶ȻɲֵΪ쵼ҲҪҪ˲еġ
ΪٰС콨վ¶ϵѧǿˣҲϵ׽ˡ
ΪͨΣǾԼѧͦණǿαѧġ
ֻѵð
Ժలֻ
ֻҲҪѧϰԺлᣬҴȥϷǿǸĸ￪ŵصǱ߲ܿһľߡ
⵱Ȼˣлȥ𣿡
УҪʱ䣬֯һΡ
Щͬ־δչмҲǰĸؾôı仯δָܹ֧ĸ
ϾѧʷˣȻ߰ĸˣδܶ꣬Ȼڲͬų׶»
ЩѧǶȤˣν鲻·೤аһһ
Ű೤ߣȻѧϰøȤˡ
˰ϣȥѧῪ˻ᣬһЩ
ѧǶΨһľǸࡣ
Ҫ߿ˣҲͼˡ
ЩѧʦǶڽű⺮پڼܽһѧϰص㣬ԼѧϰҪԼİ࿼صѧ
׼ϺѧϰĽѡ
˵ʵҪ˶ѧ˼꣬濼ϾԼɲѧԣЩѧѡŵģǲѧԡ
ûȤЩϰ
ʦһɻ
ϾͲ̸ϣҿÿ˶˺ö࣬Ǻϼһ£Ūһ߿ϳҲͬ־ѧϰɼȻҲ׬ѡ
ѧʾɻ󣬡ܳ𣿡һЩܽıʼǰ
Կһ¡ʵڲУԼȥҳӡˢһѧáܱԼÿڹǿָ࣬ҲóһЩԼĽ̸ˡ
ЩʦѧǸ˻ˡ
Ļˣ˭һ飿
ڴæµ׼׼ѧѧϰ͸ʱսϢҲڴˡ
ֶսסģҲš
սһֽͿʼˡ
׼ֽ֮Ҳû֮ǰˣԼģΪսһ¶
ѧǵܵӰˡʮֵǰߣҲΪսԭеŭ
뻪ԼսǽеԮȴ¶
ѪԵѧ׼ʴ֣ҪȥǰߴˣԱһ飬Ÿѹɲս뷨
Ҳҿ˰ᣬңͬ־ǰԡѪսҲҪغô󷽣սΪ˸ϰһƽĻ㽨裬ѧϰҪϧԼѧϰѧˣЧǿǿˣκ˶ǡ
೤ھʲôҲ𣿡
ѧϰúѧϰԺõŵĵطء
ΪѹŻЩѧǵʲôˣѧıƽʱƴ޲ѧˣǿˣȥһسӡ
֪ⳡս̫á
ԪǱߴ˼ε绰ԷæûԼϡ
һֱѮԼϡ
ԪͿþòԪˣλҲͦƣӣȻҲù
ԪûϢ𣿡
ԪһڣΪսƣԪӹתƲƲĹһЩ鷳ˡ
ҲûʣʵڸӡҲö˵
ǽԪпݷòŰɡ
ᣬæĲˡԪʦԼҼΣҷǳǸ
ûʲôҪ
ԼΪԪ׼һЩѧϰĵϸԪ飬ǸԼ￪һ
Ԫ鿴ʱʵԪսʲô𣿡
ԪϣɫҲǲãƽĻȻáսԾ÷չӰ̫ˡ
ͷֹãӰپͥǿɶǻĺöɡ˵̾˿Ҿʲô
Ԫһ⻰һʦʲô뷨
ϵΪ⡣
ҲûʲôֻΪս˲еľˣҾ뵽սˣҲ֪پ˻飬֮󣬹ȻᲹǻᣬδôܾܲôϼҶˡǻĿǰľʵ˵޷õĴˡΪһӣȫʲô
˵ţԪ飬ͼ磬ǸѵѧУ֮ģһЩıļܣȻṩʵĸλҪˣȻﲻȫˣܰһˣҲǸṩһЩ˸˵ǲǣҲҲѧϰ
Ԫ˼ּһ䣬ͺϴΪ֪ཨվһ£ú
͹ʱҵˡ
񿪿˵һ仰ʱԪ֪¶жٺôˡ
ʵ֮ǰҲʲô˵߾֮ġ
ҲһЩǲ̫ࡣ
ΪͲйصĶС
ָһ·
Щ֮󣬾ϰˣϰգܲˡ
һ˲䣬ԪϸĿλʦ
ֻλʦ̫˾ϲˡ
ʮãλʦʺʱҡ
ƫƫλǼᶨ޲׼
ÿϧ
ʦ뷨ܺáΪ岻ݴǡ
۾һԪ˼ǣ׼ʲô
ԪͷʵҲ˼Լʲôϧǰս²ЩֵܹģΪսЩӢ۳һҸеҡ
Ԫлл㣡ĵл
ҲƽԪôˡ
¾С
Ҳֻлرĺ˺£ܹԶȥ
رԪҪɱĺ¡
˵ʵԪ¶ġһϣϾϴ֪ҲԪ
ԪϸУαġҲ˵ٻλֱͷ޲׼ʦԺôɣʦǧҪô룬ЩԪܾɲҪˣҲǻһӰҺϣΪס
Ԫ塣żȻλԪô˵ˣδҲҪˡ
ëûˣܼһһġ
ÿŷĻرëֻԽԽࡣ
лҪ˵ôôգ


226 
ڰм˾ҵ¶, ԪԵʮָȤ, ϻ񹲽, ̸¶
¶, ֵñܿе㣬ͨλ޲׼ʦŸ㡣
δһЩҵ˽, ͸һЩ顣
һЩƲصģԸֳȽŲģԸֹ԰һѧ˼졣
иҵ
ʱҵ䣬СԷֵһ֡Ȼ, ͷáԪҲʶܶ൥λ, ҲһЩҪԪڵؽͺˡ
Ԫ鵹ԼԼʡºܶ, ȻѾĸȴڹӶ˷С
ʽƳҲǲ, ʱ⳧ӿԸӹ, ΪĴӹ, Ҳ׬
ΪʱңȥÿһǮŷӸŪġŪķʽҪÿ
ֿ˹˽Ӫ뵽ĹӪλһЩ׶, Ҳʵڽܲˡ
ԸнҪҲһˣȻó򷴶
šü⣬֪ڿô쳧Ҳ֪ڿο¶׬ǮλǮˡɴΪǽˣ͵ҵиӣ֪ԪûȤ
Ԫʮϵʦ뽲
ʵȫùӶˣȫԹɷʽ¶Ԫųһ֣ȻЩͶɣԷֺʽ·ⲻˣÿ˶ϰ壬ֻԪɷ࣬ȨԪһҲܵڸλϻӣԪҲðװͶһǮ£ȻԪںܹһãҾûǸʡ
ԪžƱֽһ£۾
ȷʵҲһð취û뵽ʦ֪ɷݷֺ졣
ЦŵԪˣҿѧѧģǻҲй˽ӪһԪҲҪע⣬ɷγ֮Щ˿ɲ⿪ˡǿɶСɶ
ԪȻʽһǩԼԶͶɡȻҪʱҲȰǽЩֺڹ˾˻ڣ֤ҵչĹɷݸֵǮܱǰǮҪǿĶࡣ
ԼҲǰڰԼĹǮǮ
Ҳͷˡ
һҲõԪº⻻ˡΪԪǴɶǱضչӣͱ˺г֮󣬹ӪӾòȥЩٴʧҵξ档˹ɷݣЩ°뱲Ӳóˡ
δλ᲻ֱӸƲôǲġ
ֳһ涼ˡҪҪãҪȻ粻
λõĲǮԪڸֳֺõ¶
˸˼ȴ¶Ϊʡ
ֽԪʱѵѧУ氲һЩ˲к󸴽Ƴ̣ԪȻỨѸ࣬ţÿһĶԴˡҪʱṩҪİȽá
ԪЦŵǮ˵ûκ壬ǮˣֶΪ
˵ĶԣǮֵǮġЦŵ
̸֮󣬻һֺȵζĺƣ㴼ɿڡ
ԪϲӣʦϲҿΪ׼һ䣬Ϊҳôõ⣬ܸм㡣
ЦҡͷˣżȺȲžζҺȶˣ´ٺȾûôҸˡ
Ԫ飺ȣһҸûˡ
ʦ˵ЦˣʲôﶼСˣٺȱġ
ϵܣҸ׷ϵ㡣ÿԪ˵ĲǺȾƳʳÿζջһЩ顣ԪԼ˽İҾúܸжǻķչˣԪҾ㡣˵žٱ
ԪһϣĪһ飬ȻҲ΢Цžٱؾʦ
¶õĲˡ
رѮս½Ϣ˶˿ˡ
ûãִֽһϢԪ׼ʽѵѧУѧУȫ˵ģرǲмˣУѵѵл䵽һЩλĵλ棬СŵһλҲǼӪˡ
ϡǣֽϻ˵ˣ뵥λҲѡԪżĹɷƳ
⳧ȫȡɷݷֺƶȣÿмԼͶɣΪ⳧ӵСϰ壬ÿ׶ȡԼķֺ졣
ϢеϰնʮָˣΪЩսϱӢ۶ϲҪ֮볧°뱲ӾͲˡ
ˡ
ɱϴ֪¶ϰյġ
Ͼһս۸ոսҵ鶼Ⱥţǹǰߵʱ
Ԫһٴ룬úܶﶼůġ
Ԫͨ׼׶ԶĵطһĻĵأڽ
ֽžɷ׶ѵѧУס޵ĵطԪֱʵ˰æȻɳӣʱսľˣѵѧУһľҲǽյġ
Ͼںܶ˻ˡȰ
ž˲ѡ
Ҳ֪ԪϤ˵ллԪǺˡ
ЦЦһ㴫
ȻӦˣȴҲһʱûܺԪ档
λΪ˰³飬Ҳæ
ҲûԪ˼ǹԼרҵòԼٰġ
Сߣִ绰һ¡
ӵ绰ȥվѲӹˣ˳㻹Ҫչؼվ
ս֮󲿷˵¶֪˰ɣСվܽյľͽһ
ֽҿˣǸԪǲ塣
һô˵֪ԪһûԿҲ̹ˣԼûռԪˣ´黹ֱ׳Ŀڡ
ˣüҵĽôϢҲϢ
ţ˵ˡЩ֧֧ġ
ʲô¶˵㡣
һ£ʵҲú˵ģӰѧϰ
ͦģΪúˡ
Ȼմûĸ飬մȷʵҲס㵹˵ɶˡܰľͰ
ˣסԺء۴Ҳˡ
˵ߣ̵֪¶֮󣬾֪϶սˣɻʱûע⣬ˤȥˡҲǶʼҽԺȥΣ˵Ҫ֮󣬾ȻҽԺȥΣҺýϱ֪õĵ绰۴˵绰ˣҺ񿪳ȥһˣѴýҽԺˣû˶ݵĲˣҪǲҽԺ͵ڼˡ
ϢҲķơ
ٶ񶾵ģҲ
ǰСϴҲƲģǼ˲⻨ǮССʳǮҲβġ
ңȻģֻ֪׶ҪˣˣԺ󿿲סˣԲôɵġ
磬¶ǸɵĺãôƣʲôģۼȸţһҲҪʱƽǮ¶
̶֪˵ҪβˣҲ׹ãۻܲܣͷİɣڼԣõóǮҲͦҵģҪռͻ͵һˣҼ϶ҪΪǮڡ
ҲҲֲΪ绰ûУǱ߸ϵռ͡
Ƕ񰡡
ֺ˵ˣˣ׶ԪѵѧУѧϰҪΪδƷԺ󲻹Լ⣬Ԫ·ߵġ
֪Ҳ߶أ˵ͷʱҲ¶ˡ
һ̲סЦˡ
лҪ˵ôô


227 
ԪԾ˸ɷƳ, ҲþѧϵѧǺúоһ
Ӹ, ʽĳӻǲġ
ֳҲǺý, ϾҵҶԪһ, Ǯù˵ϰ壬ҵȻʱҡ
Ԫδֱ, Ҳõ
ΪѧټѪҲûãֻԼɲˣˣڹҪʱͦ, һ
ԪŰЧʺܸ, һ£ͰѵѧУˡ
ΪΪ˰ģѵѧУУַҲھĲҵ֮ǰһѵ, ֱԪʹˡⷽûԪԿ
յ룬ȥμѧУʽʱܵԪд
Ҳ쵼˸, ʽ֮, ԪЩ, ȻѧУ￴
УַھģԪ
ᣬ, ԼѵҶС
ʱԪΪ˰Щ飬Щæ
ԪΪЩôܵΪҲҪлԪ
ʦҲǾ
ұǾˡҲǴսģ׼ˡ
ԪȻˣѧУһΪʵİš
ЦӦ֪ЩԼѡ񡣡
ԪԣǶ࿴
֮ͷˣһᡣ
ڷ棬λ涼Щ
ҲԸֹɷݸˣҲԸ㹫˽Ӫԭ
û뵽λʦȻֲһ
ιֺ֮Ԫһ
϶ѧѧģԪιɷݰ쳧뷨ϣܹڽвһҲ˳ѧϰһ
漰˾ܣ㣬Ǿˡ
ԪԣüһˣȻԣʮֻӭҲûʲô˾ܣǵλ󡣡
ǵǡҾȶлˣһżˣҶʱǰѧϰίԱϵֱϵС𣿡
ԪЦŵͷʵôʦӣ
ңе¶
Ը˵ԪҲûʣҪĵط벻Ҫʦǵİܶࡣ
θ£ȻԪ˺ܶľʱȷʵջ˲ꡣ
ڻЩδʮģ޼۵ġ
ѧУͺͰϵͬѧʱˡ
ѧϵѧǶʱֵĻ
ʲôˣܳһѧʵʵڵĶʵѵá
û˵¶ȡ
ͬѧϴˡ
ҲԼ೤ôߴ
¶žӵģ˽Ҳž궣һЩ顣
žôõĻᣬզȥ
Ц¶Ԫ̸˺üΣҶǳӺϤһбҪæиݣþûˣȥ
ԭžͷȻ˵Ҳдźɷ˵׶¶˵Ը׶ѧϰ
ϲᣬǺú˵ͨˣʱҲѧ˼ӹˣҲˡ
ǰĶδģ㿴Ҵϴѧʼڣⶼٺˡоرͷ
ҲõЦǰԽԽˣ
һֻһ٣ֶ˼٣Լսˣȥһ¡
ƽʱֺãϳɼҲֵȶԱʦǸ˼٣Ҫ·ϵˣϲҲģʱϡ
Ͻл
Ҳˣڵģҿɲ
ʦʾԼôʵԺѧôչˡ
ЦЦҲҴӲˡ
죬ҲװУϳʱ򣬻˼¡
Сϴռ෴ķһϣһںʡϽ
񿪵֤ȥʡ濼վ裬Լԭֲأ߱ʡ
ȥһʡǣ˿ʡʡվ
ѾʼҵˣŮ湤
ͦڿ졣
ʱһûϳվǽıֽŸϳˣϽӴ
ЦؿҾ˳ûʲôϵѡ
أͦãṤǶһЦݡ
ΪǸվǻس֮пڷԣݶôмΪġ
ÿ»нǸɵĺбͷ
Ϊⵥλ𵱵صĴ󳧶ҪáûôิӵĹϵ
ھúãͷȥصվ
վôˣ
ÿ¶ڽǱ֪һлԪͰ˹ȥˣҲ˹ȥھ顣ͦ˳ġ
Ҫʳ·ļϵģһ·̵ơ
ǾͺãǶˡһĸԼ˱ҲίԼˡ
˶Цûø߳Լˣͣûȥ
һᣬǻЩ졣
þˡúøɣδ׼ҪʡֳҲҪĸʡɵá
ɸǼһѾˣҪǳֳˣǻпֳܵء
Ⱥıһøоˡ
ʡǰһ֮ȥˣһ·ҲȥؿվŵСϴڵĻڹ硣
֪ģڹǶдˡ
ȻֻǸӵǣ˼ҹСǱ鲼ȫ
һȫʳϣǲ
ڹʲôЩġضռڵĺ칫࣬ԣ
Ҳδطƶڻ
쵼ҲϤ
ǰСϴʱѾǻˣǻɲǹĿɲá
ҲûʲôŵֻҪȥתתũ
ڹ쵼ҪͬһͲˣӰǹãֻŸͨѶԱͳˡָ·
ɲУԡڹǼֵ
ҲƲǾ鷳ˡ
ˣˡЦŵ
ڹҲǾȥ
ЩİЩϤĵطԽĽš
Ҳǽӡ
˺ǹСϴ顣
ŶҲͦãɲǶͦŬġǵ
ڹĸɲǱصģ
ǵãǽүү˾͹ˣһʱȫ廹үүʰһסĵط
ǵصġ
һ
Сϴ壬֣ĺӡвܴгĵطڻһƬƽأԭӦƽصĵطС¡
Ҳǰ෿ӡ
̵ʶˣԭ磬ʮʱ⡣ԼʶĸǶûԼСӡ
ﻹԼǸСϴ
˾֪ˣЩɲܹˣһЩԱ
񿴹ȥûʲôϤס
ͷǸˣЦ߹ͺ֡
ǽ񣬡Сͳǣ뵽һ¡
ѽӭӭЦŵǿԷǸŮͬ־֡
ҲЦŴкλͬ־ãǹˡ
ţţҶ֡
Ҳˣ˵Сϴǡ
ϸˣоİ
ûмүүүүµƬҲˣְֵƬûô
ãԼүүġ
үүܸߴ
λ͸ͷԲϡ
ֽܵк֣˿ɲ
˶Ц
պ𣿡
ЦŵСξˡ
һ£ȻЦŵǽкͬ־ɡ
һӵԴоÿνţֵֹġ
Ц
֮Ǿʹڶﵽתת˵һЩĺô
˵ʵڵģûɶ˵ģãʳҲߡҲûлеǿĺϸ
һһľԽԽ
ʮʱ⣬泤
лҪ˵ôô


228 
һȦ, ѾԿ϶, Сϴ, ҲСϴ塣
ѾԼǸСϴˡ
ҲЩϤ, 绹ûȥľҵ̫ţ绹ûС塣
ȴϤǸСϴ, Щôˡ
Ҳûүү̺Ͱְ֡
һֱţϲͬʱòݲһܹһġ
ʵһֱ룬⻹ԼǸ
뵽˺ܶƽ˵
ڵСϴ֮Ϊܾһƽ硣
кܶƵĵط, Ҳкܶ಻һĵط
, û˵ġ
뵽һ˹ȵˡ
һֱϣҪԼİְ賤ʲôӣԼүү̳ʲôӡҹ, ǵĳʲôʡ
׼δıԼĸˡİͷϡ
ȫûˡ
ԶҲûлᣬԼˡ
ҲԼİְ賤ʲôӣ˵˵
ΪԼ԰ְʱ, ˵, Ҳǹ¶ˡһֱ뿴ǡ
Ȼ˶, 󣬿ϣԼİְ裬סõķ, ٲʳҪ
ֻҪһԼļҡ
ѽճôˡ
Ǿȵ
Ҳһ㶣ƺ֪λճô͵ˡ
˲۾Цû£ҵļǰˡ
˵ռͰɣûռ͵ĸءЦҡͷ
кǴ죬ŲõĽҲܹϺӵġ
ϣɣﰡҲɼ
Цŵͬ־ҲﰲŹء֮ǰ칫ҵġһ˵쵼͵ˡ
ЦЦ
Ҳ֪λͬ־ҲһҵģڴӴ
ӦҲǸøɲҪȻ
Ŀǰ飬Ҳ޷Сϴ㷢չ
ȻλһҵҲһѡ˵ʵҿ֮ȷʵʺͻء˵ʵռҲʣֻũûеԼӻʸѳģδҲ׼Ǳ߸ȥǻҸӺʵĵطֲء
⻰СϴĸɲǶЩʧ䡣
ȻʺϸС쵱ͻأҶһЩ뷨֪ԸԸⵢʱһ
֮ðЦŵ
֮ǰҲ׼һЩϣ׼Լүүģֳɵġ
ϾһҪСϴģСϴķչ·ߣǻһЩ˼ġ
ȻĿǰʮ֮ǲһˣȥһЩòϵģһЩϵġ
ֳ
˵ֳˮ֮ġ
ʡȱľǺˣСϴ帽һƬ
ǰҲģǶҰ㡣
ȰֳҪŽĸģҪȥ㡣
֮󣬲ֹ㣬Ƶķװˣóȥ
ֳӹװһ
񽫼еչ·߾дġ
ΨһϧľƼûסǸ׼ض֮ȥϵһ
ҲСϴ԰˳ȥѧżߺ˹ط
Сϴ嵣ȥСҲչСӣ͵ۡȻǶӲƷҪҲϸģϾʳƷȫҲҪ
ʵ棬һеķչ·ߣֻǲǺʱ
СϴҲû
͹һͺǶ̾Ϊֹˡ
Լôˣ˼ҾôһȦСϴô㷢չˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
С
ѹ˼ռܷչѹСϱֽͰ
ر˼һǸˮֳϡ
̫ѵˡ
мѣճ׸ˣ
ЦѲһǮ
ǡҴСϴм㰡
鼤رո֣˫סҡμµ֡
ҲЦһӣδճһˣǹ׬ˡ
ЦΪ񡣡֣صʵ㷢չҪĲǷǸɲǷָܼȥռͽ裬ҲءǿǴĸģиɲԱͬЭû˽ģܳɹСϴҲһģֻռڵ֪һһĸ㷢չǶôˡȳԵҪҪδջ񡣡
⻰Ҳ˵ɲԼԱġ
ͺδķƶһûߺͷ֣Ǹɲ͵ϰ㲻ϡ
ᣬճ˵Ķ԰¶ͷұǣͷСϴɲˡռǰ浱ѧϰҲҪǰߡ
ٴο˿Сϴ壬Цŵͷ
ҲϣСϴԷչĺãԼеСϴ巢չá
ҲҪ˽ռ͵ķչΪѧУϵṩ֪ʶӡֳҲ벻֪ʶӡǸ
ϣеǲٵäʶ֡Ҳѧȥ򹤡
Ҳ֪Щı֮δЩ˻᲻֣˵
̧ͷ˿죬ֻϣһ緢չĺáŹҷƶɲǺúøɡ
Сϴ˸뿪ˡ
һЩϺķչ滮
Ҳ֪δСϴ᲻ᰴµЩչҲȱҵ֮ٻܰﻹð
ȻⲻǸСϴˣǣϾһ롣
һ·ûֱӽ׶
һ·ϣڻŴǰ¶СʱģԼġ
СϴԽԶ;ǸԽԽԶˡ
ЩȥӣֻԼļУûκ˿Էˡ
ָо˻𳵣׶վվ̨֮󣬸ǿҡ
Ű˼˸£ͷժ۾˲۾
ʦôˣ
ͷͻȻ
̧ͷͿվԼǰԪˡµ׶ҲȣȻʹŵİ׳ŴͷΧЩ롣
ֵĿǲʱҪûˡվķ󣬷ɳۡ
Ԫͷ۾Щ죬ر峺о͸˫۾Է磬ҲĿԼӰӡ
Ȼӿڴͳɾķ
ҡͷ˻ԼķʾԼС
˲۾۾վԪôˣ
ˣƱԪġ֪ϲŵô·һ¡
԰ллԪˡЦŵһ׼Լ򳵻ȥġ
Ҳ㡣ԪѧУסԶһȥɡ
һЦݵ·ոǸͷ˲
˳֮Ԫʵ۾𣿡
ĺĺˣˡ
Ԫͷ˾
Сӵģ⼸æŽ飬æ
ˡЩͬѧû鷳ɡ
ûУǶܲδ˲šԪЦŵȻרҵ֪ʶǾ˼붼ܺáһֻľͷ˵ʵǴԺܹнƸġƺ᲻ܴЩ˺ʦ
ʵʦһ˳ʲôҪĵطǧҪ
룬ˮڹг㡣ԣϣܿг
Ԫ飺֮ǰûע⡣Ժ˵һ¡
Ƕлˡ
·ѵѧУͳӵ
Ԫ黹һˣȥϷ˾ΪԼЩλ
Ҳϣܾһ㡣
Ԫ£ǲ
ԪЦЦ
ѧУſڣ³ˣллٸԪһЩѧϰϡ
Ԫº͵ЦʦϢɣҲҪ
ͷָָѧУˣԪټ
ټ
ˣԪŽ˳˾
·ϣǸӳϵӰ
ʲôˣ
صʱС͵Ż㱨ˡ
ҲȷʵûƭСȷʵæ
ȻҲоˡ
ֻʱϢϢ͸ԼҸڳȥһȦѡ
㱨֮ʵһܼǿŮͬ־ˣΪʲô
Сµ˭ԪǿǱ۸ˡ
ԪܰɣǳԿˡ
ǿǡϵ¶˵˻ĵˡС°Լ
Ԫ飺ȥɡ
Сɴ⣬Ͻˡ
Ԫ룬˵ƣţ͵Ǳɳ۰ɡ
лҪ˵һĸҵֱֱŮ


229 
ص, ľϴ˯ˡ
ջ۵ûţҲûšֽţ³
˯ó, ˸ΣεСϴڻķƶɲ£ƶ¸ĵ·
Сϴ˲, ֻûʲôĻʲôзչЩɽЩˮǿǮġ
һֱ̽ĵ·š
ûһ, ǧǧķƶɲΪƶ¸Ŭš
֮, ͻȻˡ
Ȼڲͬʱ, ﻹǻ
, Ŀꡣ
һ־ˣĲ١
˽, ϵͬѧˣһȥԪæľ
ǲֹæ, Ԫͬ־˵õʵ
ǿ, ľȻȽ, ǲڻҲǿ۽硣Ȳĺ֯Լջ
೤, ԺĻ𣿡
, аֻҪǲࡣԺȥ÷չõĵȥƶŬѰڻľ÷չ·ǵĸĸ֮·ߵĸ˳
ð, 鲻·
ͬѧǷ׷ͬ
ҲϣǶӴĸеĻ, Ͼ֮, Ǿǻĸִߡ
Ϊ˼γ̣ǻ˵ʱ䲹ˡ
·ѧУͨѶҵʱ򣬿Լ֣ռʹģϽ˵绰
񰡣ȥˣ۵绰ˡûɶ¶ɡĵ
˵绰׶һǵظģμŻظˡ
ȥһվʲô𣿡
ûʲôҶæѶܽˣ˵Ҳú˵õ¶㵣ˣⲻҴ绰ٺ˵һ㵣ġ
óԺˣ
ûأǻˣСסһµԺ´ܻˣҽԺչ˴áҲûɶˣ˽һ죬ͺˡ
ҲͷˣǾôúúˣˣǱû鷳ɡ
Ҹƨ鷳ﶼҪߺ˿ȥأǸѵ
ռ͵˿ɰ񵱱ģռҵ¶ǾǴҵ¶ռҵ˱۸ˣ۸Լͷˣɣ
ܾͲҪˣᣬ嶯úýôģ
զ㰡ضǱأŽϱȥûã˵ڶɶûء
ûؾûأܸɻС۶ضаСˣԺҰСֵأǶùʵģֻҪ⣬ڶɻùʡҪҪǷӣ͸լػռ͵ˡ
ʱûˣϾˡҵҲ˵ˣ֮ǰ޳ȥŮˣȥˣլػǲءһǲô涨˳֮ǰЩ겻֪˰ȥ޳ȥġһҲΪ˱֤ռͷչԱ档ȻԸռټչ´ηֵأͿԲˡҲҪȲꡣһҲմ⵹ˡ
ҲУһȥ͹һ¡˿ڲ࣬Ҳȱһڷԡ֮ǰ۶ﻹϷûģʱסȸ·ͺá
˵绰ֺȥҽԺմã׼Ժˡ
մǲ˵ġ
ȻżģҲ֪ԼǼ޳ȥˣôǱҲļңܲڲؼȥ
ԥһȥˣȷʵҲǼңԺ󻹵óԷȥ׶ѧϱӶҪӵġ
ֵڼĲá
֮ǰԼڲӸɵĺãõ𾴣ڸˣػɲˣ˿϶ϱˡ
̽ݼմҪʰͷƢˣȥȥңһģô㣬㻹ȥɶҲǸϱˤҲΣİҪŸɶ
մõ裬ǵҼҡ
ƨļңȥˣֶŮ񶼴绰ˣ˵ռͣլػǷӣǲ·ˣԺڶϹɻùʣͶֱӴС򣬲Ժȡ
ô˰
ҲԼѼ鷳
̵ռ˻ˣռ͹ŮˣСǶ۶ﰲңˡһҡ˼˻ء
԰ã°ɣ񶼷ˡΪչ㣬Ҳ˲ӵķ䣬ܲȥֵذɡðٺǣýȥ׶ѧȥ۶ھͲˣ˲ȥѧء
մÿŶӣЩ֪զ졣
ĬһٿԼӺͺӣҴǲǻȥģԼҪˣչ˲ڼˣԼǡ
ռͻãҲһˡǿסˡ
ѣʱ鷳ռˣԺԣˣٰţռ鷳
ɶ鷳Ҹء̸˵
ڲ޵ĹǣʱԼԶ޵ĹŮҪǼԲˣΪ˻ҲùŮôԶǸ˵ġԭΪһҲԼһ˭֪ǰǣ졣
ôĿͷܹһžˡ
ǰӡ
ǰռͣģҲﲻ˹Ůڲһˣԣ϶ϱҲôǰСˣڼҲ˵ϻùʣŮһӾˣҲǰɻùʣʹҷʳҲ˵лڼҼһɶв޵ĹŮأ˭Ҳ˵˭
Ƕ񰡣Ⱥš
ȥմһӾֱӻռͣ˻ͦ飬֪մüҵ֮󣬻ο
ȥʰӡ
Ҽһ˲·ˣ֮ǰЩϷҲڶ滮ˣ滮Ҫ⽨칫ңԼٻģֻڹ滮Բһˣʣһһ仹ס˵ģʱסȥ
ҲֹһңһЩŮˣ뿪ģ·ӵģڶסɷӣȻ߸·ӡ
ǷӻǸǵġҲûҪĲø鷳ˣֲ˼ġ
ţҲһզզ˶Ĺء
Цô㣬ԺҶռܰʱǷӡ
۰ͲöռأǷֲˣɸǷһٸӭ۶ھͲ˸ɻҪĻģֵҲҪģҪˡ㿴һƬδ滮֮󣬶Ҫɻ۶ȥ˺ӣҲûжãء
ռ͵չﶼþȣɴûһܷչġ
СʱҲռͣզ˵أͺһ̶ˮһһ˻ûУӡȴһˣо˴ˣġžϣ
ͻȻǸȷ뷨ˡ
⻹մյĹˡ
˶飬ȷе˵Ƕļ顣رŮǣرмżҲĴм֪մõæʰӣҡ
֪մüﶫûðȫһӣǼһ̳ӣáһӾͰѼҸˡ
̸˵Ժýˡÿ춼ܼˡ
մúۣ˫ۺᡣоôֻ꣬صСʱһˡ
ΪԶ޵ĹŮЩ治ס
ż۸ԶҲ£˶ӣҲ￴ͷӸ̸ʲô޸顣
ڻصԼϵˣһӵίҪй
裬裬޲̵ֺֻ衣
ȻˣҴĶûᣬ㲻ǷЩƲҲҪԼƽʱõİ
ȥԼϵʹ˵ԺҾͷˣˡ
˵ϵЩĽǼĻģǮ̣ҲǸˡ


230 
ҪæŶ¶ûʱһȥ, ǶＸԸµĸšǲڼң˱۸ˣǿɱˡ
Ǯ˶Űҡ
һ˾Ϳųȥˡ
Ҷմñ˽߲ôġκ˵Ȼ, ʡһǮˣûκˣԺҲ˰չ, ԼҲġ
ǸϹϹóԷԷ
һֱһˣʶ㸺, ҲǸ
ʲôҲû˵, ֱӿŽԼᶫ
Ϊ軹, Լ, ԼﲢûзּңԼϱһסšҲûʲôֵǮĶ, ̸ǣ, СҲӹ֮ġ
Ҵ, ,
ŹҲԼˣ, ɶ, ô˻
ƴƴĴ̣ڼҴȥ, һᶫּ, ԺҰֹҸ, ҹܡǰҽĽ͵ҰֵǮˣԺ˭Ҳ˭
⻰ˡ
ϱ¶ȷʵﲻصҲǿǹġԺ󽨾ˣҿӻܸػˣû붼Ҫ硣
˼ǣʡһǮԺӶܹӡ
ʹˣҲôһġ
Ϊһˣú̫̫ʲôֻ˵СԼķӣȥԼ
մǸڿˣƽʱģǷˡ
Լӣ̻Ȱסﰡôҡ
ȥסѼˡݲǣռݵ¡
⻰ǰҴ˵ˡ
ҴҲû˵ġ
ҲӵˣĲˡоԼһӳ˶Цˣɶء
ãҲһ䣬ûҽԺ˭⣿
һҭסˣԼ
̵ڼҲš
ʲôȥҽԺסһ£ڶ·㣬Ҫڼⲻǵ𣿡
˵۾ˡ
Լ̣Լ涼ϣôԭ²Щˡ
ּңλǷּҵģԺŹ··Ҳ˵Ҳ㣬㲻ǿ֮ǰЩҲûٸɡѹЩһֱ·ӣģˣΪռˣ·Ӷ᲻øǣίˡ
죬Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ʵҲǿӵģϾҲԼĽ
ҲԼǸˣ϶һֱصԺϻǿϴһӵģͿϴҵġϰˣҲѹģϾϷޣǼȷʵҲûǮЩǮԺǷӣԺǵģȥһκҲܲǰˣô㶼㡣
϶ԴȻҲΣ϶ˣԺҲܸɻˣѩϼ˪ģβˡ
ĲˣĴɩҲˣӿֵ֪ҪּҲҰߵ¶˵û뷨ҲãⷿԺԼҵˣҲԼҵˡ
ҲˣȻǺ¡
ڸ飬ĸû飬СʱǺ˯һģ˵ź۸ЩͰѺﵱأ˵Ӻĵܵˡ
ϴϱ˵нģҸ˻˲в
ֹһ̿ּҡҲǲУ㲻ܲܣЩҲڼҡ
ҲڼңǮûá֪Ǵˣǰôûأıˣԭһֱ
ôҪǮ
̲˵Ҳһ㣬ˣҲˣǮҲǷּ֮ǰġ
ԭҪҵĽˣǹҲҵǮôҪң
˵ʲô߳ŭԳ˵𣬲ôģ
ӽǱҼҶǸˣҪҳܺúվ
ˣҲ֪˭ˣ˵ҭˡ
һҲָ֣
ҪǮǾЩûٽ˼ҷּǷַӷηǮģǲҪҷһ֣ΪҲ֪ǮʾֻģƱҶأҪǮаȰЩķһ֡
ָƨ磬˭֣ģ̲ˡռ͸Сˡ
һ˵źúõģôˡ
˵ˣ˭Ҳ۸ռ͵ˣǸҶ֣ռͶߺҪ**ɣ۽ľͲˣǴ
ռСɱڵ
Ҵ˾ûôŽˣҹ˸ҵģֻҪַ¶һ²һ£ֵĶˡ
ϽҪִ׵
Ҳ㣬ܴӡ
߹ȥץһȭͷģˣǹӺݾҲڣһȭͷſˡһŻˣ۸
ŵĴ󺰡
Ͻȥš
Ҳ׼ĴܣúЩ˷¶
ͰҸ˵ԺŹ··ﶼ֤Щ꽻ĽһǧˣҼͷˣԺ˵ϡ
֣ﶼһ
ȻҴԭռҪԣҼһͲԵˣǺũһûֽԴһǧһǮˡ
ôǮȻβҲѹֽô
һǮ¶ƻˡоԼûɶܿˡ
ɴߣϽߣȻǺףҲҪˣԺҵûӣҲûФ
ЦǶлˣûȥˣԺգˡ

СǶˣðԺռ͵ˣǣҲռ͵Ůˣզܺռأߣȥ͸ȥ
ֿ¡¡ľͳˡ
ߣҲ˿´
ҲֹţռҲشˣȻһסԼȥաɵɵͽԺɲػģȥռͲ
Ҵ϶ôɵġ
ռ͵˿ɲɵأ˵ϣ˵˵ݣǶò
ռ֮ǰûˣиóȥˣǸʲô׶ѵѧУģԼﶼûϵ
ںˣմսľˣռҲзˣӸɲ˵ˣʱȥѧϰˣռܸ㷢չˡ
չˣԺǮˡ
Щ¶Ҵǲ֪ģϾÿũӶռһÿ㲥ֽ
Ǿ֪ˣҲúԼûϵǲΪѧļйϵ
ȥ·ϣռ͵Сӻǲþ磬Щ˰զԼһ㡣
ʱûЩ
ʵҲûȫԼҲһ֣رǺǽˣҲûͼ˵֪Ҫּҵģôȫֻ֪ԼϱסǮһֱŲѡ
Ժôˡռ͵µ
ţͷ
ٴνӵ绰¶ͱ֪մһѾڶﰲ仧ˣҲʼ·ˣѾѶҴˣǱ߶˹ϵұ׵ϳš֮󣬸գԺˡӺڵѾѧУѧɩҲʼϹùʣ׼׶ѧˣ׼ʲôɣֻ׼ѧУѧ㶫ռ͸㽨衣ǻرռ͸ǰҡ
һⰲţҲǸˣռͼˣһĸ㽨Ͻ꣬Ǻ¶
Уһͷ뽨Ը׶Ӧһ£Ƿİɡ
ǾͲˣ˵鷳ܣúѧϰѧ˾ͻռ͡
ҲУѧУȥι۹ˣܺáûɶġ
Ȼϼô˵ˣҲ׼ȥԼ硣
ؼҲû棬ϤȥҲΣɴʹѧϰˡ
ǾԼҲǸˣ˵ּҾͷּң˵վ͸ա
˻̤ͦʵڳﵱˣ׼ѧϼҸ㷢չ
Ժӻںͷء


231 
粻ҪӦ, Ҳһ׮¶ʵҲǳæĿγ̱ȴһҪ࣬ҪʱҲࡣѧϯ, ٻ¶, ҲҪ, رǽС컹УҲҪΪСδĹ滮, רŹ͵ķֹ˾Լںʵĵطֳ
Щ൱Ҫʱ;ġ
Ҫûİõʱ, ֻæˡ
ÿܳ˸ռʹ绰֮⣬Ҫվ绰, ѯվ
æµѹû˽ʱˡ
Ȼ, Ҳûž, 義ѧǸ, ϻвһ¾Ҫ߿, ЩʦǾͺԼ꿼һæ
ǻϰϣǸܽĸƵܽᡣ
֮󣬽ȥ, þ󸨵Էѳ档
һϺ˸Ƶ֪ʶܽᣬġ
ǸⱾȡһ, 󸨵䡷
ЩϾͷڸųɱ۸ѧ
һµĸϰܹõϡ
Щѧ, ûؼҵһıŸϰ
ͨѧϰ, ǶЩʦˮƽʮεġ
ϸѧѧУＸβ, , ȫγ̼, һٶˡ
ԶЩѧʦǸϣǱһúⱾһǱ䡣
ϻϵʦˡ
һʲ֪ǾǸġ
Щʦù˷ֱԼܽϻҪȫ档
ڰƼһ£ܹϸеģ϶ǹ˼ͥΪ˶ѧҲûɶ᲻õģҸ๺һϡ
ҲûҴţ˼ҪģȻǮ϶ǱԼѧҪһëǮġ
ѵ໹רŸ˸ĸˣרŸϡ
Խٽ߿Խ࣬׼һѡ
һ飬Ȼ׶Ļ
ĺãɴŪˡ
ȼӡʱǾûԷˣõһʷá
ʷҲûڸǷָЩһѵʦǡ
ǾȻ̸ܳϣ
ʦԼþȣȻǮ࣬ش󰡡
֮ǰԼԷѵĲ㣬ڿʵʵˡ
Цκ¶ֻҪһһȥˣ϶ܳɼġ棬ôϿ϶ֻҪ뿼ѧģ򡣡
ɰЩʦֻˡ
ϯ⸨ĿǺð
ƮˣҪ߿ˣ߿֮۲֪òá

ʦˡ
ӽ꿪ʼ߿·ݵߡˡ
û೤ʱˡ
߿ûǵĩˡ
ƽʱû¿γ̣Ҳ¹ҿơ
֮󣬴ʰؼңž궼ûȥ
ž˷ӣɷѾԪѵѧУѧϰˣԼҲѵΣ߹١
׼ﱸֹ˾ˣϰ꣬СվѾȫ֮һˣ൱һ̯ˡϣ͸оЩˣСϾǸģҪרŵĹ˾
Ѿ׶רԺУύ˷ˣһҵС죬ȻЩ˸ձҵҲ¶ȥˡ
˵ʵڵģô棬ͿԪˡǰЧʣ磬治һ㵥λܱȵġڵλ϶Ҳ˲ŵģֻ˼˲һ㶼ڸλˣҲڡ
ֻܳԪˡȻҲ̫ѿˣûǺ
Ϊ˱ʾ⣬ѵõĴţڵһЩҶ
˵ԪԴ·ݳվһ֮󣬺滹һֱû棬Ҳ֪λԪǲǵԼ
ôҲԼծӦòˡ
ǰС´绰ԤˣСǱʾˣЦŵԪʱ䡣
УҾ͹ȥˡЦЦ
ʵرϲСҪڹԼֹ˾ͺˡ
߹Ҳðǲܸ¶̫ȱˡҲ롣
ԪҵĻǣԪҲǸմ鷿
ҲЩƣȻҲæ˺ܾˡ
ЦŵԪþòˡû㹤ɡ
ûУúۣϢһ¡Ԫ˿
û˵ѣȷʵһֱۡ
ʦˣиϢһ¡
ŪһЩϲĲ㣬رǺơ
ЦŵԪ̫ˣҸԪ׼һЩҶȻǺ󣬵ǿڸкܲԪʡ
ллԪлӹڲ輸档Ȼò߹׼ȡ
ܿˣһڲ֮󣬳̾˿ӿæԪҲæɡ
ԡԪͷ³Ҫ깤ˣҪ볡̶ܶҪߣӦꡣ
һӦ֪꣬۵ĸʱЦˣԪΪףˡұҲæģϧҲæתʱ룬رĽԪ
Ԫղ裬̧ͷһۣĽʲô
ЦĽԪ˱ʲôȥˣСͲһˣϲ̫ˣѹܴ󰡣ؼֵûʲôõˡ
Щͬѧ
ֻżʱ䣬ƽʱҲҪѧϰҪܹҹ˲š굹ܹһרԺУıҵǶûģ﷢ء
˵ԪҲðɣûоÿ˲žԼλ뷨ܾߵ˲áָоرǿңԪأ
Ԫ鿴֪ǲǿԼЩѧ뷨Թô˵ģǾͼ򵥵ô˵
ֲ֪ôش⣬ҲС
ǾˣֱӣԪ벻һݣ¶
Ԫ̽ӣɴ濿ţ̹ȻȻ롣
н飬ЦЦЦЩһ˲¶ԪΪԼۣϸǸϵʦ
뽲
ҲˣĿǰǹڻȱ˲ŵģǵһѧٻҪһܷȥλʵϰֻ֮ǸˣáԪǹӪλ˲ӦöǺҪģԣԪûȤҵٳѵࣿ
ԪҲֱˣѧ֡
ǲҪô棬ֻԪСֵλ˲Ŷѵ࣬ѵ˿ֱϸڵ֡ʵ˵ҵ˵Ǹǰѵٶ˾Ҫ˲šԪô
۾Ŀ
Ԫϸ˼⡣
֮ǰڹ⣬Ԫ治ȱˣ߳ͬҵнƸ뵽ص˲š
ǵ˻֮ȷʵȱ˲š
ʵԪҲиǰѵǶǽһЩ˾ƶȣڱôһᣬҲÿԸλˡŻѧҵԼһ
û뵽ʦҵѵҲܶ
ѧѧĺôˣоĶ࣬ұϾҲǹܵλģ
Цŵ֪Ԫûⷽѵ˲š
Ҫȥ롣׼ؽⷽĽʦ
Цˣ˵ҵѵཨˣԪûΪԪһµҵ
Ԫüͷһµҵ
ЦûԪңǶ֪Լҵȱ˲ŵģʵϲֹǣлλԪûרųһλѵ˲ŵҵء룬ܹһλЧ棬κελûǮġҵǺܶġһɣԪϺЩѵĵλˣԪԸӦҲϲύĺѰɡ
ԪָĦ˼¡
ʦ˵֣ҲҲֹ˾רŸһЩҵؽܹġ
շҲȷʵܸߡ
Ըǵĺܶࡣ
ԪҪǸʵҵģûһг
һᣬҲ𻪹Ӵгˡ
൱ڻûһг
Цģʽ̫󣬹ڽ̶ܳȲߡ
СԸΪһӵˣĿǰСڹϾͲ죬ܹͨԪĹϵʮ˵
Ԫüͷ΢΢һʦΪˡ
ûҾǴСĹУܵġҾԪĹܲҲøҵԪһչãͬʱҲϣԪܹ⿪һµгԪҪǾõʧʲôСʵɣҲһС죬ò˶ҹپͲˡ
Ԫ۾գҲգĿ뿴ʲô


232 
һӢôſ, һ˻һ£û죬Щ٣Ϊ˼, Ϊ顣
Ҳ۾գҲգĻԷ, ʾԼȫȫΪԪԼҵı, û˽ġ
ԼҲף, ϶ǻᱻԷģֻҪϾ, ͺλԪһ, Ҳûȫǲһ̫С, ֻһźʱҡ
Էװ, װ
˶볬, ׻Ԫ, Ϊ͸Ƭ˫۾ͻȻ뵽ڻվ˫ϴˢģ۾, һˡ
ѾպõĲ裬Եĸһ, Цʦȷʵܺ, ԪĿǰֻʵҵ, ⷽȷʵûԡҪﱸ, ҲһһϦ顣
񣺡Ҳ豭, ᴵ˴, ЦԪ˾ﱸһһϦģŶӿʱ齨ˣѵðۻڻҲڶԸȫȨģ㵱ʵƷĹӪλҲΪԪӴˣ˽ԪԸƷҲԸһơ
ԪЦѾںƬгˡ
ܲ˵Լ֮ԻԥһԪ֮ǰû漰һ棬ʵڵЩӪλԼӪȥȻչɡ
⻰˵ֻλʦҪ
û˵ַˣΪڶڸĸĺһ˽ӪλڻλǺεġҾãͨκĸû쵼ǿڸĸеҪԣǵĴҲʮаġԪΪδĸô
ǱȻơԪ϶δضһʵᡣҲڵȵĺʱ
ҺԪ뷨һδضֺܶ˽Ӫλù˵һ仰˵Ǵ֮ЩҵҪչһͷԪҲԸԪչãҵͬչ
Ԫ龲ĿƬ̣ˣԴĺô
գչӪλ뷨·硣عˣԪܹΪĸȷеһԱȷʵܹõĺôֻϣĸĸֵܹסҪȻҲںˡһعҲ䡣
չλЩҲһˡٿֺ죬λʦܶ뷨ܹµĻ룬ԼȻǸĺû顣
Цų֣Ҫʦˡ
״Ͻֺգֿ֮Ԫˣ
ԪͷԪ֮ǰһֱʵҵʦ飬ҶԿҵȤȻҪǣҲϣΪҵŬ
ЦȻԪȻһλͬ־
Ҳǻ˵Ļġ
¶ʱͿʼȴˣλָ֮ˣóСĽƻͬһһԪˡ
˲ȷʵȱûа취飬ǻԱǿҵģҪǹ˲šԭƻԼڼȻԪҾȫȨˡ
ԪüͷһЦлʦΡ
ӦõģϾôˡĲ
ʵ֪ԷҲԼ뷨ˡ
ҲǿƲ˵ơ
ǧڹװˡ
Ԫ鿴ķչƻ֮־͸ָҪôйˡһֽһ򵥵ܹ֯ͼӹ˾ܾԱСԼЩ˵ʲôô
۾ʱʱĿһۣȻͷԪȻרҵʿ
ִҵȷʵûʲô
ǰҲѧⷽģҲͿ˼Ҵҵ϶ġ
ҪȻҲỨô˼λԪˡ̯Խ󣬶ⷽ͸
˵׻Сһ̫ˣûôʱù˳ɳҲһĸСɳ뾡ʵԾʽɳ
Ԫǰѧרҵġ
Ȼרҵ¶רҵ°빦Ԫ齻ԪٷĲˡ׼ԪСκ߳ӪλĸĵһĹ㲻ùܣңⷽҲС
Ǿ鷳ʦˡ
Цⲻ鷳Ƿֹ
֮ûԣֱˣҪȥдӣҪȥϵԼеǱ
ôģԪ۵벻ͨ
æҲҪԷɡΪ˹ʳʵǲǡ
ٶ࣬ܵõʲô
Ҳ͸ķ档
ܾԼһ·ˣֲһ·ˡ
ԼĿΪ׬Ǯ񡭡ΪʲôһΪ
ѧУȾ͸Լ˵绰˵Щ
ʱ˾ռฺܹͣ˾֮㸺ֹ˾
ӦˣʮּǣҪѧϰ𣿡
ߴˣӦûᰲŶȥռˡ
ʰ칫ص㣬֮ǰͳҲһЩ칫ˣʰ
˷ܵ
ˡһᾡ촦¶
ͰѸд
лһЩĸ뷨
˶ΪǷĸĸﵽһԥʱǼᶨı̬ˣԼǼᶨĸĸɡ
Ϊ֪ڵλ쵼ǼᶨĸĸɣҲΨһһδĸˣ¶棬뷨ʮȷ
Ԫ˵ЩȻг˫ӮҪùӪλиĸҲġ
ܶӪλг֮󣬾ͻᱻ̭ʱֻڲиĸˡ
Сھʹ󵨵߳һ
ȷдˣΪ˹᳹ȫĸĸ˼룬ʼڵλڲʵȫĸܹ֯ƶȽиı䣬ֹģʽ
д֮󣬻ʱ޸ģ֮󣬵ڶȥԪ飬ݡ
û⣬Ǿ͸ϽˣһʼжҾͷӡ
Ԫ鿴˿дͦ󵨣Ըĸôᶨ㲻δã
оϻŲŲҲ͸ĸˣɼӹŵ񣬴֪ĸĺôġòòڸĸִһߵЩǷᶨ
ʦ¸ҡ
ԪĵҲûôŮͼ⡣
ˣȱľˡȱٵֻǾ飬ͿԪˣúãӷȥˣһ׮ѻ
ԪĲأ
۳ЦˡԪẦ˰ɡ
ϼˣ
Ԫʦ£ҵȻҲ¡
һͼŶѡ
ʲôжԪִҲǿΪϴԪһλˡ
ǴӸųʱ齨һ쵼ӡ
Щ˽ʱСͼŵĹǸɣȻʼͼŹ˾
ڼ䣬ǻΪͼ齨ܹ֯߶һλСĹѧϰδ֮Щ˾ͻᶥЩְλ
ҲԪǩЭ飬ɹˣᰴЭ֧ͣҪһΪЦˣԪ÷⳥С졣
ȻȻǲϣΪЦġ
Щ˵λ֮ʹǻػʡˡ֮ǰ֮ǰдĸӸͶ뱨ȥˡ
Ϊѧϯⷽ滹治ȱˡ
ѧʦ׶ҲǶʶ˵ġ
ͶĲȫ׶ձ
Ҳڸĸĺܸߣƪἰ˸ĸԵǱҲ˳
׶صռͣⱨֽͷˡ


233 
ȿµ׶һЩӪҵ쵼, Լظɲǡ
СԪϤ֣ΪʲôţǴš
С쾹ȻҪԪΪǽҵṹ˾
ԪĹģʽҶ֪ģȻǰҵ, Ǵ, ʱҵģʽͻȫһġ
СΪӪλ, ôһ൱Ҫ幫ӪλʹʱĹģʽˡ
ڸĸĻʮֵ֡
Сһӳ˿еĻˡ
бĺܶ, Ҳܶࡣ
ЩĸɵĹӪλ쵼СٴҲʮָȤҲ׼һ, Сνô
Ԫ£ҲԪΪԼĵλиĸ
ԪүҲֽ, ŹԼӡ
Ԫڱߺȿȱ߿ֽ, ү, һû
ԪүӶ̬Ҳϰˡ
Լǰ
ڵš
ô֪װһװ, ܱЩֱαװװǿһЩ
ζǺܴ󡣲Ҫʽ仯, ڲĸˣͽˣʱԴ
Ԫ̯̯, ǣ޹ҵ, 𡣡
Ԫүӣ治ˡ
ҲƽϣԼ, ԪҲǼ˵Ѫ, ҲԪĳ¡һҪ, Ԫר, δĸĸ, ʱضץסгģЩרҵҵضռг뿪ⷽг󡣻úøʵҵ
ԪүүˣѾû˵۹ˡ
ԪүӣУ
ԪſɣδԪĳɾͱضڹĳɾ͡
ǺǡԪүЦˣ޳ܵСܲǰɣ
ʲôͻȻ˵㵹ǺǸʦߵͦģС˰ɡ
Ԫ鲻ÿɷ
ǸŮͬ־Ǹͬ־Ȼ䲻˼ңһҵϱҲǺֵ֧ġźѧáܱҸһǮ˺áȻЩίŮͬ־ˡ
Ůͬ־Ҳ˽ˣǸøɲѧҲ㣬֮ǰдҲչֳǿҵİ֮ġѵð
Ԫ鵭ȥˣǺˣǵĺϵ
Ԫүһš
ǰҲûӺĸŮͬ־Ӵôģ治˵һ̸̸졣
ǵһοܴŪǮŪ˵ġ
ȻĿģ˼ҲⱾ¡
ܹܵסСӣ̫ѵˡ
Ůѵ飬ұ̬ˡ
Ԫޱүү̬޹ء
Ԫүȡ
Ȼùָҵš
ok.ԪӦ
Ԫүˡ
׶Щ¶ǲ֪ġ
ռ֮æŸٴŶӡ
һʮˡ
ŶӲӦֻôһ˵ģԪԼҲˣֻСˣȻСԼˡ
Ҳˣô˲ŰæҪ͵Цˡ
Сռ͵֪δ˻Ҳ׼ĺܺá
֮ǰ֪סʦʰˣЩס
ΪкЩˣﻹרŰˣʰ䣬ϴ·֮ġ
ȻЩǮСˡ
Ԫռ֮Ҳ˿
Ǳ֮ǰһȥ¸ɻϴĲˡ
ͺ͹Զˣ»
ǶԪˣҲԪؽƸģγɵ˼Ҳϼ쵼šԪܶˣǾ޷˵ˡ
ãôѹеסʰĻɾϵϯµģﻹѬˡ
Էʳãʳ㲻зˮ
˶ǱʾҵĻӭ˵߹Ĵˣس˶ûôչ˹ЩҲʱסˡ
ٺЩ˲ţлԿڷ
մôŶϱʱڱ߳Էߺͼ˵
մˣϽкզúţ
öˣܶɲסմЦӯӯΪˣԵĺãҲãɫöˣϴμʱŽҲԲ
Ҳˡ
ֺմõĶϱһɩӡ
մõĶϱǸʮŮˡմûҪ
Ӳһ¶˲մȥҽԺȥռʹ绰ˡ
кЦŵͷ
ȻöӺڵˡ
á
ãڵʮ㡣
һЦˣСڵĺƤڡҲѹֽкڵˡ
ϸͦԵ
Цȥڵץһǡ
ڵ᲻óԣ̶
ڵТ˳
˵ˣ̶ҺãҪ̺áڵһ仰̶ˡ
һ˶Цˡ
Ҳ֪ЩӣôڵõĺӡԼռˡ
մùҲΪ˵л֪ռʹôãǲô֮ҪȻҪˡ
ռͺܺãһϹΪޡռ͵Ӻܶ࣬Ի֮ҲûЦ˭úĺڡ
Ǿͺˣúð仧Ժ﷢չˣԺ󶼹ӡ
մЦ
ڵҲǣҪú飬ɾָЩСˡ
һģԺҪɲѧõˡ
ڵ̧ͷͦص
Цð
ĶӹЩԴףҲԺҲҪɲ
ãǶǺúӣռ͵δˣԺɱũ岻ˡ
ġӵ
Ȼ࿴һۣЦˡ
ڼϢһֳȥˡ
̺ԼŮһĲ֪æһŮӣడ
մõǸ˲ġЩŮͬ־Ҳûأ裬ý
ǿɲؽЦŵ
үүҲЦû˵
ˡ
οᣬҪСġ
СĹɲǶˡ
ε˵˰ɡ
ҵͷ
Ҷ˵ˣˡ
Ͱν˾˵һ飬ΪСĸռܹͣ˾ռһǲġδڸʡҪֹ˾йġ
СĹҪǼӹṩƷ
˾ǸվĹԼʺСƷ
Сȷʵֻͣ࣬棬δļӹũƷ
λѵõģδЩԪŵͬ־һֹ˾޵УǺúÿúѧ˵ʵСҲҪǮģѧöˣ׬ˣѧˣǿˡ
Ӵˡ
ҲһᣬѧˣܹΣδС켯žЩϹ˹ʵûǾֻδѧҵˡһѧʣһ룬ϣҰջᡣ
ô˵ֽţ˷ܡ
ʵ𣿡
У
Ҵ˷
ãǽͿǵˡͬ־ʱΪ˾ˡ顣
Ӧˡ
ɲ˷ˡ
ɲ˵˶ãҲҪˡ
ûǿǱ֡
ôˣ֪ƢҪ汾µġ
Щɲռ֪ʶӺ͵֪๤ˣųӷչģۿС췢չҲ׳־ĦȭƵġ
ڶ죬˾Ľ蹤Ϳʼˡ
Ԫ֮ǰǨػѾһγ칫˾ľ
ǾʮַḻҲʮֳ졣
һ֣ͰСЩ˸סˡ
еĸܵԼЩ˵ĲࡣҲ֪ԼܴЩѧ
Ԫŵռ͵С죬ʵЩûмʲôɲǴĴš
ֱԸµĳе˽ڼдЩ˵Ρ
׼ҵͺǶģһѧһЩ֪ʶ
˵ˣԼҲ죬ѧ顣
νѧϣһֱԼҪѧĶ̫ˡ
δƶضܶطҲҪһС·ߵģʱͲóˡ
ȻԪҵܹһֱȥǾ͸ˡ
չ˼죬ܾ͸ˡ
ԪҲ绰ռˣȡ
ʦԸڶڹע飬һЩ쵼̸ˣʾҲҪĥ󹤡ҪɼøĸЦ
񣺡ûԪѹûϵ


234 
Ԫ˵Ҫ, Ҳûô죬Ĺ֮󣬲˰²ŹѾ·, ռͻȡ
ɫĳͰɫĶ, Ŵ˷·һһ
رС, ˵Ķˡ
żλɲӭӣǣ˸, λҵӡ
ӭӭһӭԪݰָ
ԪЩ, ϡԱЩ֪룬, ˿
ʦ
Ц, ԪԶ, ȥȱ, ̫С, ҴԪȥתת
Ԫ鿴ɹЩڵʵ̲סóȥת, ɹڡ
񣺡һ˻ºڣ
ҲУϢ, ϳȥת
Ԫͷ
ԪҪߵĽȵġ
Ȼ, ΪԪĸӪҵĵһĿ, Ǻӵġ
֮ǰ绰˵ЩҲûƭ, ȷʵָ֧ĸ쵼, һҪ, ɼ
֤ĸҪԡ
Ȼ·Ҫߺá
Ȼһ·ȷʵҲûٳԿˣֵ
ҪѲƤˡ
ǰҵʱƶûܹͷġ
·Ҫˡ
Ԫ鲻ססдҲסˣǴȥ칫ҺȲ衣
ȵռʹʳ裬һӿζ
Ȼ࣬ȷʵԱũʱ򣬾ͿЩˡ
ԪһڣҪһЩڸкһЩгȷʵѺȡ
ٿѾһˣʱ
ķҲˣλԪ£һЩˣźԪ˹㱨
Щ˿Ԫ鱾ˣܸˡ
ΪְǸɣǾ±Զ뼯ˡ
ԪԹˣ˵ȻƫƧ֮أǸɵ¶ȴǼŵص
ǵõ쵼Ͽɵġ
Ԫ˵ǴѾģھϸ֦ĩڣǹЧʸߡ
Щ˶ЦЦȻ
һ쵽ŸһҲû취
λӪλ쵼ѹեͶϰصصʱһҪݣؼǻӰѡ
Ҳ˼䣬ԪŹȻ˱˲ţⶼ᲻÷ˣҲѧٷ֮٣ѧٷ֮ʮҾˡ
Ԫٷ֮ʮ϶УǾʧٰٷ֮ʮ
Ԫô˵Ҳֻ߱׼ˡ
Ц
Ԫһ˵ȡ
̸̸һ磬̫ɽˣҲȥԷԪʵڳԲ£Ҳûθڣϴһһȥռתת
Ҳûһ½ũĳɾ͸УδΪƶҲһ
İռֵʱ̫ɽĻҲˣҲӰˣ˾Ͷ
˺Ƕŷڹ㳡ȥ죬ռ͵Ĺ㲥ŵӡ
ÿ˶ԵҸ
ҧ˿ʵԪ𣿡
Ԫ黹оֱҧûȥõУŵɳԣ⻰ʵʲô
ǶҸ
šԪϸΧˣЩϵЦݣҲú֡
ӣȻôˡ
˴еķռש߷ĴׯҲò㸻ԣ
Ԫ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ԫ鿴
ߣҴȥ֪ˡ
ҧһȻǰߣԪվǲˣΪóܶ࣬һֱǰƣĳӷɵ棬ʱԵˡ
Ͻǰߡ
֮ǰռ͵ԭַҲЩʣµûľɷӡ
Щϡϡģƾɲ
ש߷ֱһ죬һء
ԱȣԪͻȻ֣Щש߷ƵϺլˡ
ǰռ͡ӵģʱֻдӳש߷˼ȫӣסڰʪ컹©꣬౱硣һŶһԣÿÿҲͷָǻռ͵ԱӦòŸոճԵñӣǿﵽ±ǳֵأûԴ˵һҼ׳Ҳ̨߰˸ˣ
ԪЩŵʱǸ
ٿǰӿһָо
ѵһˡ
Ǵ˿Ůͬ־ĻﾹȻܴЩ˹Ϻӡ
ֻԼ˽׬Ǯ뿪ȥУ׬Ǯӡ
ǲ֪ôģ֪ض̲סҪۡ˵ô࣬ΪҪ֪ũķôгɾ͸УЩԱϺҲôѣͰ쵽ˡ
Ԫ룬һܰ쵽ˡ
Ȼǲ֪ģЩ֮Ԫ飬ڣ֪ΪʲôôҸ𣿡
Ԫͷˮƽ츲أȷʵҸˡ
ǰ˵Ҹô򵥣Ҫ󸻴ֻҪס΢õ㣬żԶ⣬ÿ룬ǾҸˡп
һ·ԪȥιѧУι۹׼ιģ뻹ûȥ
һ·ϣˣ˵ĺк
Ϣҹˡ꣬Ҫ
ЦӦˡ
ԪǺϲ㡣
ϲÿһǺõˡ鴾ӣǻũͬ־Ǳ˭ͣ˭ܳԿ࣬ΨһǷȱľһͷˣֻҪ΢ָһ·Ǿܰӹĺ𡣡
ָռ͵·֮ǰ·һʯ·ûǮҸССæ·Ϊ֪·޺ˣܺá
Ԫָȥ·ʱ߹ˮ·ˡ
·ˮ·ȷʵԾչˡ
ʦȻ֪ĻҪ
˵㻰ϱҧʵ̲סˣԼ첲ϵӣֶ˶š
ˣ𣿶˸¶ˮˡ
û취Լϰó棬ӡûȵԪ龹Ȼôӡ
ʵѾˣԪЦŵûʲô
ɲˣԺָλƶҵأɲũӡ󲻺áˣҲˣȥϢɣ⻹Ҫء
Ԫͷûšо϶ҧ
ţ·߷ɹֻө档˳Ƿɹķ򣬿ԿһƬө֮⡣
˵ĵԪ㿴ө档Ҳµطܿóô˻ᣬһ¡
Ԫ費ҪҸץֻ
Ԫ飺ө棬Ҳǳӡ
ͷԣԪӣ˿ȣȷʵҲȥץǡԪȻơ
Ԫ飺
֪λʲôˣҲˣϽ뿪Ƿ֮ءһֱûǲǲϲԪ˵Ҫȥָ֮һӣǶ˺ܸлԪεİлԪҪ
ллԪл
ϳ֮񻹴ռ͵վĿų
Ԫ鵹ûЩų͸
ڴˮصҲӦȵ˴ƣҲȵ˿ɬ衭һصˡ


235 
дסһ, Ԫ˶һȦˡ
ȷʵܲϰߡ
ԺȲ㣬дϴ趼㣬óܶ, һ϶û˯áڶʱ, ȦͷЩۡ
ѵÿ, 治뿴ӣÿ, Ժ˲ô죿
Ͻ֮꣬ԪȥӪӡ
ʦôô磿ԪûǷ
ⲻһ϶ԪûϢ, ˳ͻ¶ˮ
˵Ž׼õĻ¶ˮ, û׼ãԪܿˡĨõ㡣
Ԫӹ, ֮ǰĨˮ
ţȻ棬Լ˵㡣
رϱҧĵطĨĨ, ûôˡ
ЦŵҪԪϰߣҿԸŪһЩصĲҩĨϱȻ¶ˮЧáũƬȷʵ, ũͬ־ԼǻһĿ˷ѡ
Ԫ, ũͬ־Ȼΰ󡣡ּطȷʵѵá
ǰѵʱ, нҲǿũͬ־֧Ԯ, ûǵʳ, ʱҲ㲻˽衣һֱãӦùӣܲũͬ־һֱţԽԽá
Żͼд˽
ԪֻʦĵǺܼᶨҪȻҲĻˡ
˵˹Ӫ꣬ƱǮȥӺϡԪŵţ֮ͣ꣬Ԫɱ
ԪԼûƱҲͷ
˶ͿʼϡˡƽʱҲǺܳԵӵġ
ԵģԪԼҲЩʳˣȻԹȣϡӣȻЩζ
߳ţģҼǵʦ֪֮࣬ǰˣ
ǡ
ǸõطԪǱ߾÷չҲƽʱغ𣿡
ǵ񺮼ٺٶæС顣
ЦЦ⣬ڼҰռˡ
ԪĬһ£Լӵļͥӵʮ⡣
ԭΪԸ񣬱ضǺСġ
ԪʵﻷǺܼģˣʦʵѵãʦ𣿡
Ȼֲ࣬ˡ˿࣬ʱ򣬺ܶ඼ӦͺԪһµظɻܼ߳ϣŵ໽С
˵Цһ£ǺЩҲʲôˡĵطһ鸣أǵˣ𣿡
Ԫҡͷ˵һ䲻ǡ
ǿᶨӣЦŵͷԡ
˳ĻشҾ֪Ԫҵ飬ҪԪ¿࣬Ҳӷңص㽨ˡԪôˣҲ˵ĻûǻгǹģǱǾ޴ģͺ͹ĹƱһڵ͵ǷȲŻ󡣡
⻰Ԫһ˲䶼ɶԷǲǿԼ֮ǰ뷨ˡ
ȷʵΪ˵ͽ߳ҧ˿
ЦȻ֪ԪҲΪ׬ǮϣԪҵҶ׬ǮģΪֻ׬ǮˣиҸ㽨裬Ҫ߿ɳչ·ǲǣ
ԪͷһΪʦһΪʱ׬Ǯ
ԩԩˡһΪ׬ǮͻֻҪ׬ǮСʱҺҵһģΪԪһλصصҵҡҵҵҡ
ôʵеһԪƽʱϲװģЩˣֻܵͷһ¡ǮǰʱҲ׬˵ġϾǻڹв˹ˡ
극ʹ˹䣬ռѾˣǲٹȥˣҲʵڲȥɱŵԺ󲻸ҵũˡ
ɴʹ￴ķչ滮
ЩӶѾйĸˣ֮ǰСڶԼ˿ɽˣǺϲЩȥˣȻû˹ȨǺô˸ˡ
Ԫһ뵽δԼ׼չһЩӪλʵĸô𣿡
ȻҲвģΪ˴룬·ǱߵġҸĸ֮õøˣҲû˵ˡ
ԪȻȻǮҪ
λתơ
ȻʵԪʲôûУ
ԪصλȻĸˣǾҲ󡣡
ЦԪҲϵͼ۽󣬵ҲΪ󣬲ʣ۸񶼻Ƚϵ͡ҲǺʺϸͶʵġȻҪǸغδҪлᣬԪǿԿһ¡
Ԫٴο˿ƶسǣһԸ⡣
϶ԭģиõѡ£ΪʲôҪѡЩѶȴƶ֮أ
ԪǲǾͶʺѣ
ԪȷʵǸѡ񡣡
ԪŲţʱ䣬Ҫ仯˿·ߵİӣʱ䣬СضҲչۺ͵ĴţһŶԸҲǺܴģװӹװϡ䡢ũƷӹʱȥҵػḻԣġԣ֮Сĵλ˭Ҳˡ
ҲҪΪѣͷˣط΢ĴҲǴĶġ
Ԫã˵Щʱ򣬺ƽʱȫǲһġ
緢ϣ
ʦôһ˵طȷʵͶʵǱ
ԪҲǱˣ
šԪͷǱС죬˵λСʦ
ĥţʦطҲóһǮͶʡ
һ쵼ôطͶʣյرļҲ
Ȼ֪ʲôǺܸԪô˵˵٣ôûôЩƶĵˡ
ҲżͶʸ㽨ҲһӾܸɵģԪҪڻվȣҪҲҪϹλҪʱɳ
Ҳʹ죬ԪȥϷ칤ˡ
ռ͵·ڣĿλĳ뿪²⣬λҲпǱĶӻߵġ
ס죬ۿɼû֮ǰˡ
ϸƤⰡͷ˿Լɹڵĸ첲
ȻƤֲڵáƤ
෴̵ǺϲϸƤԪ顣
߶Ⱳûˡȫ¸ɸɾģüºͣЦ˹ġ
óĿμˣͺϷĸүһÿ
ǻǸүҲڲһˡ
̵ǸүҲǺõģǸҲʲô׼׼ˣһġ
ͷ
񰡣ҲҪƽôˣҲôĥһ£Ҿ⸻үǲġͦģʮ˴ģһС
տ˿ڻƹϣ⻰ҭ̣˵ʲôǾͶʵģʲô㲻䰡
ʲôͶʣǲͬ־ͬ־Ůͬ־ܴ󡣡
̾;˺ãϣԴ˼ûɡ
ҿɲ֪Һλǲܵģ³ӣӣũѵˣġ
̵ӴιҵĴŮɶ˼ͬ־
ȿȣҵ˼ǣʡҴĵطλ϶ϰߣҪһóܣȻɢ̣ŵҲǺҪġֵĴ֮ףһ£׷һǶôҪҪȻ
˵ʵ˼һӢ˧Լǰôܿǣһʼû˼ԿԪǸͨˡ
һҲǣ̾㰡ǲӡ
ҪǻĹҪһõģ˭ũѰͶȥˡ
ٺЦһͰˣҲֹԼŴһ


236 
Ԫ, ûš
ռܸˣÿʼˡЩϸ֦ĩڲźø㷢չ
Щλƶ֮, ȥҺ, ȥȥ
˲ѵ, С켱ˡ
ЩרѧҲǿˣбҵа, иأÿ궼һ߿ѧ
ʹЩˡҲЩչ
һҲǲС
ڿɰѹϣռͺСˣӦ, ˲ȥҪˡ
Ҳ֪С¶, ҲڸĸɣҲϣСܸɳ
, ⽫ӳˣרź̸
СհԪθǸ, ı֮ǰҪã
Ц֮ǰСģʽȷʵǰæ, ֹܹҪְλ, ܹһЩõĸλĿǰǺõģھ͵Ź˵֮ٿʵõЧ
ǾͺðһſЧء, Ҫ, շѹ𣿡
Ц, ˵õǿЧǮֻҪǮֵãٹҲ׬ˡ
ǻǣǹЦãеá
ǣҲֹǻǮˣҪһЩˣǱ˲ŹӦ㡣
˵뷨˵ˡ
ЩΪѡ
Ϊ˶ڳ˭ȥũ幤ء
ǴλǲҲũ
Ҳ⣬ũͳֵıδҪ
ũ˶ٽǵġ
˸ϲũ
ǣǹʿľǱߵģڽᣬȥס޻϶ʳҲ֣δǻҪٻ̵ꡣ
ǲǽôණ
˶ˣˣȻҲҪ׼ˡʵͳѾһרˣǻǲԱ֮϶Ҫġ
Ǿôһ㣬ռ⻹ũ
ЦǱжСѧжУϼҴڵĹȥҲܹӵġǵʱ򻹻Ūÿسǡ
ѿɲٰ
εҲΪ˲š
ǽҿｼΪǻһƬǽһͺðˡӻռ͵ġʲ䡣
Цҡͷǣ˵ʵСģ֮ȷʵڵλϴƣǵСĳԾΪռ͡С콨ˣռ͡Բס
ԵͷЩΡԼȷʵֻ˳ӵķչûǵġ
УȰЩ͸ѧУˣǻС콨衣
дйˣֱøǿ
һһȽϸ˵Ҫá
λṩᣬһгÿͣؼǰͣһŵûһһλˣ
һ㣬ʿˮˡ
ʳöҲһڳһλء
֮⣬ڹ˾סⷢҪռͽнռͱһ׼
רѧÿ»Ǯѧ
ڷŵĸ͹ЩͰλȥˡ
⣬Ҳ̫ʵҲûҪȻЩ˲Ըȥũ壬ǺЩҲڼţзݹҲöԶҲԸȥġ
εҲΪ˲ţ˲ѵðн߱׼ܸ߷չ
СѪ
ǵ
ǶԴ˱ʾͬ·ʱ򣬲̲סСйûƣܲС
һְСй³ֵֵ´ҰȥרԺУҲ֪ˣֻѧˣûȥ
ǽֵ´Ѿسǰˡ
ǱȽ϶ģһЩ˽˵λһЩ磬ںЩҲˣڼ£ϴѧûء
֪С֮󣬶Ķˡ
Ǿλá
кĸ׿ϧôõĵλզûسء
´İԱЦҪسǣûôõĸˡ˼ҾΪ˲š
ԱھӵôãÿгҲûɶˡء
Ķ
Աȥط͵ҪȥϽһѡأôɶ
Աһ˵˲԰⻹һѡأϽȥˡ
ʱҲռ׼йԵ¶ˡ
ҲԸɣһ£˶æռѧУʦҲæˡ
ռ߼徭õĺô˾һʹһӶܵ
ռ͵Ա֪ⶼΪ˲С죬ɶŶһ㡣
ǻͦڣЩ֪´ô꣬ɶûҪģɶҲ˼˺üĵأװ˷˲šҪЩ֪ʶũ壬ÿôߵ
ЩйҲռԱһθ֪ܵʶҪԡбĻ˳ӣ԰סùʣⱲӶˡ
ؼҸѹԼҺʵʵѧ
ҪռʵûˣҲڴˡ
ԤһõľӻԾ
͵ռˣռйǰʮˣйǱٶˡ
Ӷ࣬ҲСרҵ١⻹רԺУרŷģҪȻЩרһͷ䵥λˣҲûй
⻹ǹسǵģҲСй¡
½һ࣬Ҳʮˡ
й࣬ռѧУҶǿŵġζֳɵġ
ѧУʦǶйԡ
ȿ죬ռֵʱˡһһĴس˹
ռ͵Ƕ֡
֪ʶӲϡˣôռͣرˡЩˣռ͵Ҳǰų⣬ܻӭ
ΪǶ֪ЩСģС췢չĺˣԺܳǮҲ˵ˣԺسаҲСķչһЦݣЦʮ顣
ЩҲռ͵ĻǱеũҪõöࡣУש߷
СԺһͿ
·ҲûʲôӲݡ
ŵûôܽܡ
лһЩһʱ䣬֪࣬ռͣʱԼãûֵռ͡ҪȻҲἱŻسˡ
֪ʶǸд͸ˣͬũ壬ԼĶռֱܱȰ
Ҳشˡ
ռ͵ԷæӴЩˣȥѧУָ·
Ϊ˵أܿʼ÷ֺռˣЩǰҲԵرš
Сһʮĸָ·
Ҳռ͵Ĺ𣿡ָ·С
ǣһѧأ֡СЦŵ
У
Сѧʮ߰СЦŵ
ʻӦƸ߶ʱЩΡ
ռ͵ŮӵǿʣѧУרſ࣬ôĺӣбҸĶء
ΪŮӣкӻ١кӺôСѧΪչ˼СѧûйÿζûʸμӡΪֲʶް඼ڶŮǷطֺˣеˣҪ飬ҲǴ˼޲ȥˣҲȥʱѧûû׼Ժ󵱹ء
ԱһӦƸŮʵⲻ˵׶ü
ǰڲżˡռ͵ŮЦ۷˵أسаˣԺÿ궼ǮǮż

ֵأǮ


237 
йС콨һˡ
Կ˼, ռ͵¶Ҳﴫˡ
ռͿɲһũ壬˼Ҹũͬ־أؼа˳, ׸ǷǮ˵ԼֵճҪࡣ
ռ͵ũֵ, ǲǽֵ, ҲϰࡣȥɻҲùʵġ
Һͳһλͬ, Ĺʻͬء
ǸǷвǵĶש߷ȫӵķӶһ, еģҼһСԺ, Ժ˼Ѽռ͵Ůڶ, ˼зֺ죬ùʡڶͬ־˼Ůסš
ЩϢɰĽˡ
ռǴ˶ũӡ
ũ尡, ıسǶĺáԼѼֲ˳ԣԺȻ׬Ǯסӡ
֮ǰرԥȥũ嵱˵ɶû뷨, ֻԼйԳɼá
Ҳȸ, ȻռլػҪǸɵĺãǱ߸Ƿˡ
ÿг, Ҳûʲôġ
Ҳ˵Щ, ˵ҲǺþûȥռͿ, һˣɴŹй壬ļճȥռˡ
˵ضȾһƬڽĳԼѾõĳǰߣһŵķݡ
ϴʱ򣬿ȫһ
仯ϴˡ
֪ˣӭˣǣ֮ǰҲû˵Ƕû׼˶ȥˣ֪ͨ
Цŵҹģµǹ֪æأܴǡԼˡ
аѵһΡЦŵ
Ҳûˣ˾鶼ڳϵˣǺڶ߿
ô
ͦ˳⼸ܳˡ
ţѾͺᡣ
ǵ
ɲۻѣ֮ǰ˵ģǸ㹩磬н¶ⶼرҴͻʿ
Ǹˣһӣû⣬ͷҺҽԺ˵˵ǰһһʿڹ磬ͷȥ﹩ܹ˾ˡ
Ƕл֧ˡ˵
ЦſռͣôŬҲֲ֧а
ǿ۽ˡ
ÿ궬춼ҪȥӿԱ̫ռжˡ
ͬ־Чռģʽ𣿡
ǰõİҪﶼɳɼίǵĿζˡ
ǣΪʵģʽõġռģʽҲһͺã׶ҲСеܽ׶ˣе˲ܽԻҪˡСˣﵹѡȽ϶ࡣһԭϣԼµƷũС춼աҲԸӹСӹҲС
ô˵ԺС죬ˡ
Ÿ˵
ˡԺСԽҲˣǹ˳סǳƷӦҵֻʱ⡣
˼ˣðҪСܹӷչϰҲܹѱ췢չˡ
֮ǰҲٶѧϰռͣʧˡ
ûָĸɲ㲻
ͬ־ռ;ͷſָɣСʹصֵλõߣõİȡȻչ
ϲռ͸л֧֣֤ᾡｻ񡣡
ȥԱ￴˿·ӣżļѼʱũӦùĺӰ
ߵʱʮָпţҪũͬ־ӡ
ǣϽȥЩɲˣǰ׼㹩ˡ
ѾӦˣȥˡ
˵ǶԺйˣɶ㣬ȥˣۻԺˣҲȥˡ
ͷ
ɲҲ¶ϲ
ÿһʱд仯ԽЩɲҲζжˡ
ҲٲģһľԾæµʰӵʰӣȥ̵̡
йųЩ¶æˣֻŴͻʿۻԱϸˡ
йԭƻİʮ˶ʮˡ
йͻһڵʱ䡣
ΪỹûãЩĹʱسǣÿȥ͡
ʳõǸˣСԼ͵ģҲͲԵġ
϶ҼһҲˣҲܹӦࡣ
Щˣ͸ռעʵѪҺһһü죬˺Ƕڴ¿֣Щȥ
մüѾ·ӣ岻ãڼſڿ档
֣ģٺԼеռͶԱһ£;˸ضһ
ڵڱдҵʱʱ̺ȲˮҪҪԵɶϹȥˣչ˺̡
մôȰ㲻ùңúдҵ顣ԺۼҺڵҲҪﵱˡ
ڵҪһɲ
մﻶϲۼҺڵ־һءǾҪŬÿɲһбµˡ
һŬŬģȹǶҪŬڵЦ¶һڰ
õӣմԶ׶Ķӡ
Ҳ֪ȥѧѧôˡʲôʱ
ѾյսǰѮģҲ׼ϻ׶ˣ֪Ҫڼһ졣
ϾҲǱ磬ΨһĶӣҪ档
մüӵҪĵ绰Ҳ׼ˣռһȥԼҳԷ
֮ǰôæҲûʱԶٷοһҪԡ
Ц֮ǰȷʵ̫æˣһȥ
֮ǰæĳԷˣ֪ԪȺ˶
Ӧˣø˼ˣؼҾͺͶϱһ׼ˡ
°ڼû¶ҲȥæˡΪˣɩ֮ҲûʲôìܡƽʱϵҲ
սضʱ򣬶ĺӾʹˣڵڵֻˣ
ڵҵҲдˣ˵ĴӼܳӭԼ֡
ս뱧ܵԼǰĶӣԼǰˣǣ֣б仯ռͣ治ѣæɶ
ûģ˺ЩˣԺйˣ
ڵ˵ĺԼ˵Ŷı仯
ÿ汾£ڣһ¶
ȥȥԷڵ
ڵռҺ˵ʱڼ¼һЩƻ׼ߵʱ򽻸ǡϾȥѧУˣҲﲻʲôæ
ʰʰͳȥˣУȥ
Դ
ϲڵ⺢ӺãرТ˳¶ؼ컹Զžͺˡ


238 
ѾþûкͼһۻԷˡ
ôҲһ, һֱæŹ
һҳԷʮѵá
ڼ֮⣬ȫһˡ
Ҳǵһοս
ĸ߸ߴģЩӲʡҲռ˲һ
, ǲĥ, λ磬Ϲսġ
֪ǲΪԭͺ, о
ϸ˳, Խо, ٿүү̣󿴿մáսȷʵҲմмüЩġҲΪⲿüۣپͿűȽ
սĺͼǴкк⹫ֺл, лԼĹĺͰ
֪, ռͣҲλ÷Ļ
ҲմĹ⣬һڲռ˳仧ôڡ
ҪǻκһʶĵطֻҪųġ
ߵ, ס
ˣҲˡ
Цŵɱ۶һ, ķҲӦõġҲ˵, õԼҲǰܶ, Щˡ
մõ, ಻࣬˭ҹӶġҲӺˣԵǰࡣڿŶгϢҲá
ڵ̣Ժӻõġ
Ц
սҲԼӵԴӡЩο
ֲЩӣզ
ʦ˵Һ棬ҲܴҪѧˣҿ϶ܵõһڵ
⺢Ҵʱ򣬻ûѧռ͵ʱҲû·ݿѧʱϵѧǰࡣ
սžЦˣҪúѧ֪ʶѧ౾¡ȥ׶ѧϰǾ֪ʶҪڶѧУ̫ȷˡ
ʵȥѧɶ
ѧֲģѧֳŶˣҲҾѧǹֲƬɽҲǿţ׼ŶһֹȻʱ䳤ǳˣԺɾһֱջġѧĹֲǰĻһò˵ЩͦȽġ
ļƻҲϲҲЩûʲôõɽģֻǺС죬¶Ҳˡ
սռֶˡ
˵ãԺС컹һЩˮͷԼɼСӹȻۡߵĹֻҪúóȥ
һСһӵĺôˣֻҪСڣκεũƷȥ
С콨ȫվǿɲһ·
ôһ˵սҲԴЦһûôԶһ˵Ҹˡ
ɽֳаֲ飬׼˳аֲ׼߼壬żɡ
սҲرǮˣռ仧ҲǸмռͶһӵģҲ׼㹱ףﳹԴ߼壬ôӳǮ磬ֹһճˡ
ʱɽ־ɴӳаʱʳаҲҪԱȻڶһũרֲ԰԰
УսˬĴӦ
սڶҲ¶ˣԺǹ԰ģմ˼ˣԼҲﳹװˡ
һ˸߸˵ĳһ緹Էʱ򣬶̸ŶδĽ⡣
Ҳǣ֪Ϊ˶
극֮׼սһȥᡣ԰¶ȻְҲʡսڶûûֵĲÿչ
սȥԼԼ֤飬Լ֤Ҫڶ
ڵְִҪߣ˽ȻߵĴԼó˳ɼͽ״֣㿴ǰѧУûġ
ս֤ӵĻǹ˿״дѧ
ý״ս˵
ţڵЩӵ˽Ͱַ
֮ǰֲڼͷŵĺúõġҲֻ̺迴һ¡˵Ҫûͬ⣬մ˻ҳˡ
զأ⺢ӡս˻ˣԼɵٺãҲˡ
ڵ治
մ溰ţɶأϽǵء
żá
ս˳Ž״ڵ˽״ҿءСӻ͵͵Ÿҿ
ڵҪڣܿɫˡ
죬Ҳɶ˵¶
ٺЦڵװˡ
ڵ
ҲЦŴչڵý״ˣ
۽״дΪΪͬѧѧУֺãɼ㣬Ϊѧ
Ϊƣ
ڵΪƣС£֮ǰ̫̫С¡գΪС¡
Сֶû˽УЩطΪӴˣԼϰߺСЩ˿һӣ˼Ҷ֪ɶССѾ˾úȥˣõ֡
Ϊơ֡Щ鸴ӡ
սҸĵģ֮ǰ֣үүȡġ仧ҸˡסԺҪģ¡
ţԼǽкڵɡ
Ϊڵ֣װһ
һǽڵɣڵСǸǲҽеġ
ȻֻͬǽгŤ
ڵˡСͷ
֪ǲΪװͬԭϲˣ̲סԴ
˶֮ټᣬ˵԰¶
԰СһҲڶģʱΪСµһҵС⿪һ߲š
ɲһսȥһˣʹôҪļˣԺ԰ˣԱܶɽسаˣܶһ׬Ǯˡ
ҸЦĺϲ£죬ǰ׬Ǯˣռ͵Ĳ·Ĳ˾û׬
εοûȥѧҪǸˣռԺҲˮˡ
ֵǰһû˵ģܸˣ۶һӿи
ɲ׷׸ͣ⻹治ƨʵ̫ʵˡ
˵ˣ͵ռˣҲǺܲģӳҲǾľģûɶ˽ģǰĻӣҲСĹǸɣС˲أһΪսҲռʹ˹԰ɲһӸ
ЦҲҪռϲаһ˵СģֻдҰѾһʹˣռͲŻԽԽáһǵǾ仰۾ҪЩǰС棬ռͷչˣĹӡ
⻰ռ͵ĸɲ˵СֶζּӣֱӴŴˡ
ҸҲǼˡ
ǵ˵Ļڿɶʵˣһʵֵôá

СԺ۲˵ֻҪۻλϣ۾ͺúøɣԵԼġ
˶ͷռн첻ף˭Ҳռ͵β͡
Ժ˭Һӵɲ˲ѧã۶š
Ҷһı̬
ЦŵúúãЩϸɲලԺĸɲúøˡ
Ц
սŴӲգҲʮģռ¶ϣ
֮ս԰԰ݾͶˣڶ䵵
ԺҲǶСɲˡ
˵ʵսսԼ֮ǰҲǸٵļ˵ڶﵱӳǶǿԵģ֯Ϸ䣬ռڷչ̫ãһ˷治һܵϴɲֻܵ԰ˡ
սͦģ֤óǰܺˣ֮ǰҲҪҷطģǵطҲϤҹȥ˿ҲûߺÿչҸҾͦõġ
ҲǹԣνְС
֪ΪչմãԴ˷䡣
Ա߸С֤˿Ц磬⵱ɲͦ簡ƬźС
սЦʮȥˡҲûɶ¡ôҲŵϰ೤
θˣ岻УҲǿģܶ
ԽӹƬһסˡ
ΪƬ̫ˡ
ΪڲӶսƬϵģ˵࣬ƬȴøϤ
ϸ룬ˣǰ
Ǹ˲սΪơ
Сʱ򣬶ɲȥʰӵʱԼҵĲ濴ĽաΪ˽磬Ƭᡣ
ǻС֪ЩҪúñ棬ûãƬϵģˡ
ҲǰΨһƬ
һֱźֻͨļ䣬ѾģƬԼģ
ڿսƬ֮ǰְֽϵƬ
̧ͷսԽԽֻսƤֲЩ
Ǳﳤġ
ͣսȻˡ
ֻǡսս
뵽ܣٿսʱЩˡ
ֻҪģҲҲ̫˰ɡңڵôڣֿǰﳤһֱ˵б£Ϊףȥһˣ˸Ưϱˡ
Ϊ趼úãǰҲÿ
սʵôˣ
磬˵Ӹ䣬֪Ҫĸλ𣿡
ս룬ҲǺСʲôģ쵼˵һʱסԺܲãҵʱ߲;ܾˡ
Сϴ壿
񡭡սͺʡǱߵġ
ʡСϴ塣
ٴοսΪ̫Եˣһ;ԽĺԼ²һ
ְΪƣүү뿪ϼȥСϴ壬Ҳûȥ̽׹û֪Ǵ
û֮ͳ˹¶ݶûУСϴ屻


239 
ô, ʵʱʵȻôһϲҲе㾪š
ս, пүү, ͻȻЩɬ
е㲻ţƫƫʵ
үүΪʲôսǿ, Լʱ䳤֮, ڿഫ, ͱˡ
Ҳɻ䣬ἰ˵ְ֣ҲΪǴĿӢۣԲŻڴĿ֡
֮, ү̻а, Ҫǰдˡ
ҲЩ¶ʱˣϸĿս
˰
ս񻹿Լʵôˣ
ȿ, 磬ûʲôЩ˻ƣ̲סŵʵ
㲻ҪȥϢ, ⶼˡ
û, Һһ, ȥ, ̸̸¶
Щأ޲ö࿴ۡȷһ¡
ǲԼˡ
ǵģ֪Լ˳ɶˡ
ôͷһ˼ңڴ
·ϣսһЩ⣬û£᲻ȥСϴ嵱ɲ
սᣬܲһҡ
ţˣϱӴÿ϶ǲˡ
ҲǣǸռͿûе绰ɩҲõռͣռǻҲҲﲻáõĽӦǲõġ
Ȼû֤ȷսԼүү¶֮ʵѾ϶ˡ
һҲ̫ˣ̫ˤ֮ΪûסԺүүΪսˣҲǾ˸ˣǸŮԣûҲˣҲʮò׽ӣ˸ɲ˫˫
֣á
ڵԺԹдҵ˻ˣͺһ
սúдҵ
áڵӦһֶЦЦ
ϸĿ͸ϵĺɫϸĴ١
ʵϸ֮£ڵ۾ǰ۾ЩԣڿڵʱŻơ
Ժڵ֣
ڵ
ţãզˣڵ̧ͷ
߹ȥϸĿ۵δӣ۾־ɬڵ
ãզ۾ˣ
սҲզˣ
ûզˣͷ˲۾ͻȻڵôŬˡ
Цס˺ڵƣڵڵڵְְְ֡֡֡
ڵҰְǰְСʱ򡭡
̲סЦЦԼƲס
ֱסˣڵЩ˼Ŵ
ЦţǰְСʱӰڣôôڰڵ
֪һڣڵ˼
մôĻ͵Ҳ֪զˣǳ֥Զˣǻڲ˻ĺ֥
û£ڵԺġ
Цŵ
սڵҲáкҪ׸ʲô
ڵЦ
ҲЦſ
ðְֻáȻⱲѾǸŮˣڵҲ֪һʱδһŮҲˣܹԼˣ֪ǳʲôӣȻԽԽãϱô࣬ģ꣬ˡˡ
ԺҲͨģƬԼ˳ɶˡ
ϧǣ֪
˵ҲǸ˶ⶵģ˵ҲǼŮû˸ĸȥһɵʱʶģȻͽˡ
֪ģֻаְ֡
ڰְֵѾıˣҲܺϱһˡ
ҲⱲӣǶ档
ǰĺڵﲻźȴϲǺúûš
˸ıˣǻ᳤ûţõˡ
ڵҪ쳤󰡣
ڵɵĵͷ
ͻȻˣ־ϲս̸¶ʱҲֻ˷š
ʱʱĿСڵ
һֱڴüڣһ˶ٷ֮뿪
뿪֮ǰڵ֣ҪҪú飬Ժ󿼴ѧ
֪á
ڵš
źڵãﻹЩŤҲܸ˳ƺⱲ˵ĹϵҲռˡ
ϾԼ˭Ҳ֪
֮ǰֶսʱȥҽԺ˿ڣҲҪ̫ˣǸıǮܹ塣
үүΪ˸Ⱦˡʱ㣬Ҳʮꡣôᡣ
ɲսҲʮˡ׼ԺඣսȥҽԺ壬塣
մõûô˵Ҫ塣
һġս
صռ̻֮߶Ϊ˹զæô
һЩϵ¶ҪˣҪһ¡
Ҳѵûæôá̵
ЦЦ¶Цݶֹס̣Ȼʰ
ȥȥɣ⹤ôæôġ
ЦŽԼķ䣬Ȼ˵ſ˴ϣ˸壬˼
Ҳֻû˵ʱйԼ
ð
ȻûģƶҲûġΪϰıû
ûһУ˵ôıأ
ӼᶨԼҪΪƶҵһˡ
һϣΣεԼСʱ򿴵龰
ߵĸ㺰ɲǺ裬ǻɶҲҲźźţԼкö衣
вµСָ˵û裬Ƕ裬Ǳ˵İ裬ʱĿˡ
Сָ类ˣҲ֪ԼȷʵǸûĺӡ
շתڲͬļͥŸּͥ˵ദ龰˵ĽǼٵġСĽܾ·ȴĽ·ϴŵĲ
֮۽ǵۣϲı顣
һжһ
Ҳǹ¶ˡ
ΪҪߣռҲһմһԷ
ǣԷһ롣
մҲˮ󵰣·ϳԡ
ڵ԰ɣ
ãڵÿ춼ԣ˺üֻԵġ
ڵҲͷ
áҲûװԼ档
մü֮⣬˼Ҳ½ԵĶѧУȥԡ
ĸлһӡ
Ҫа԰¶Ҳ֪ˣ֪սѧļģһӸмˡ
ĺ벻벻ռҡ
Ҳǲ֪жģҲûɶƵϵĶͰԼΪõѧУԡ
ϧȣҲûô࣬ˡ
ǸɲɲһһߣҪȻˣллλˡҪлҰͺúõİռͷչҿŴҹĺãҾͿˡ
⻰˵ռ̡
Ҳû£۸ɶ۾͸ɶϺȡ
ЦŵΪСͶĲƸ
Ц⻰ʮе
뿪ʱֺͼ˻ֵȻֿ˺ڵüۣûȥԴϡ
ԴˣڵԽУԴˡ


240 
ϴδСϴ׶鲻һ, һڳϣųķ羰һ·ü, ʲôúÿ
⻹Щȵˬ˼֡
ž˷ϲ¾ˬ
һֱ˻, ϶Цݣ·켸֡
̧ͷգͷЦ
ʦ, ôˣ
, Цݶûü, ЦСѶ¶ˡ
Ԫվǰǰ׳п㣬ͷ
ϴοžΣãԪҲԽ˳, Ԫɰ
Ԫ, ҲǺɣġ
ü鷳Ԫ಻˼
ԪЦûʲô, ˳·óҲĹ飬ϴΪϷ飬ߵ̫żˣܶ๤ûȫá
ȴЩ¶, Ϊܲ˼Ļ, ºЩ, ˻СԱ, ֪ʱ֮󣬾ˡ
У·ϸ˵˵
˳֮黹Ǻܺá
Ԫʵʦôôˣʲô˵𣿡
ţҲûʲôǾôԽԽˣž͸ˡԪԭкñ
Ԫ飺⻰ȷʵе
·ϣ˵һЩС˾
֪СѾλĿǰѾչϤһӾ֮ܶԪҲһ׮¡
ҲԼҪߣҪҪúúáͲ
СĹܿչãԪҲǺаġ
һ̶֤˸ĸҪԣҲԪе
Ҫ볤þõãҲǺҪġ
رԪִģĿš
˵ҲкϢʦ
ĵͷ¶У
ʲôϢ
Ŀǰ׼׼Ϸ쾭ʱиԣߣǸ㽨а
¶֪õʽˡ
ȻüĿˣҪǸȷʵҲǷչѸ١
δкܶ˿ʼȥϷԴ˷ң֪Ϸгô𱬡
ԪܹǱߴģͶʰ쳧㽨裬ôȻࡣ
ôͽˣؾռٺˡ
ϲԪˡ
ͬϲʦΪҵףǵóԸˡ
񣺡ȷʵܰԪķչ˵ɽ⻰˵Ҳȷʵˮƽˡ
ˣ͵λԪôİɣͺԼСһҲǽ
Ԫ鱾ԷģѧУ¶Ҳ;ܾˡ
ԪҲûǿѧУſھ뿪ˡ
͸ĳԭȵȻıĽУţüͷšһˡ
˼СҲˣСһһ
СܳȻΪ˹㣬סԪҴլӣƽʱԷȾ¶ǻûеġ
Ԫȥʦˣ԰ȥģƽʱ࣬ӦöϢСʱıԼĹġ
ԪżҹҲѵõġ
С¿˿棬ĵʲôҹֲԭǸĹʴУ࿴·ơ
Ԫƣʵ˵һƽʱصŮͬ־ͻȻáǲһˣܻϲӣΪʲô˵Ϊ˹úãҾò񡣡֮ǰռ͵ʱûôЦ
ϤС֮ǰĻ䡣
ą̊́ʶֻ࣬ǻ˵Ůͬ־ˣôЦˣ޿ЦЦģô֪
һ룬Ůͬ־ʦɡ
Ԫû˵ʵ㲻֪
ô֪ܲСɫһ࣬ΪȫְͻģҲ²϶Ϊϲ£硭˸رѣ
ʾԵĿԪ飬ĵһͻȻøˣһô˼Ůͬ־޿ЦЦģ͵͵̸˰ɡ
Ҫǣشû⣬ҪǣشҲǰİԪһ£Լشʮ⡣̾Լ̸ߡ
ǽ룬Ԫش֮һ£Ȼᶨܣ
С²̲סΪʲôˣǿԪŵüͷѡ˵ˡ
оԼôش𶼲а
ʲô
Ԫᶨˡָµˣܲһ
ԲԡĴʮǵġ
СֻѸһɣǱضΪ׶ˣܾܺûرˡ˼ʦͬѧ֮ģñطꡭ
ˣԪ룬ͷҲпܣ³ʱǺܸˡ
С¿ĵԪΪʲôôעʦܲΪɡ
Ԫ黹ľԼΪ顣
ôύѶΪߵһģơΨʱ򣬲ҪΪ֪Ůͬ־ʮΰദúɡ
Ǹѵõ֪ѡ
ÿζȥվˡԶԼȥվⶼӦõġ

صᣬһ¶ǺʹԼʳ
ȲͷţϽԵ
ҺôҶ磬رž꣬پûȥġ
Զʱžĺ˵ԼҪȥסˡ
һ㶣ʵΪʲôѽ
ţһЦˣ˼ɷء
ž죬ЦʲôЦⲻ𣿡
Ҳˣעһ㣬۶ǴŮء
ҲûɶöҲ
˶
治ɫתƻ⣬סﰡ
ڸ˷ӡɷȥѧգ׼̯߰Ӹ֮ġ
֪ѵʦԪ߼ĵĴʦ
ɷûȥԪĳԺйɷݵġ
⣬˵ռ˼ԪҲޣṩѧϰͺܲˣԼ;Լɡѧգֿ˿ʼ̯ˣڼãȻֱƽȥԼһֳ˸ˣѽ̤ĳҡģԺԼȥ
žô˵ʱλɷѡ
ҲãȰ̯׬Ǯ֮һЩ
ǰҲôġ
ô˵ʱžһϲɫȻҲһˣ֮ǰǻַֿ
ĥԺҲž⣬δİ̯ĻǺܶģҲǰڹ̯ˡٶһЩ
뿪ѧ죬ڶžͿʼˣǶæ
žķѧУܽҲ׼ڸġ
ѧУѧ࣬ҲһЩԣģûǮģʳóԲöҲ
룬Сž˸顣
ɷѧУʳ㣬ѧɷҲɵ㡣
⻧飬ž۾һֵģѧУԸ𣿡
ú̸ܴ󣬱ϾѧҲǺҪġ
ҵʱȥ̸̸ž¸ҵ
žҲžɷӲҪȲУվƵͦߵġ
ǰæдǡ
ţͺǽӽʲô˵ˣ߶ɷ򡣡
ʱžɷ˵Ĳ˼ˣž꣬˶˺졣
ɷָĿ죬кǳԶԼա
ӣϻǺܲġζҪȥʳԺ
žͬѧ̫ҸˣܳôóԵĶ
žֺǺǵЦԺҲǳԡҪǮ
ۿɲ԰ʳⲻǵϰߡ
ԣ԰ʳԺԼ򡣡
žͬѧͦãɷЦҲˡ
֮ǰڼ͵žֱûۣ汻۸
žӵʱѧḨʦҲȥˣΪ֪ѧʦҪˣöͽˡ


241 
֮ǰٰ, ʦ࣬öѧؼˣҲŵ, ټʦȥɨΪ¿׼
ȥ;ͿЩŽſڵ, ķүſţû˽ȥһ͸Ͻ⣬, ȥ
ЩҳŸϽŽʦ
̿ɰЩѧһ, ŪЩΪѧúãϴѧм, ͽ֮, ֱϲ, ˽, ȻָϽȥ
Ͼ⸨ŵ, 
ȥž֮ǰҲѧ˵Լȥ, ¶͹ȥ, ѧѧܵҵ񣬰Ѹ¶˵ˡ
վộ
, ǵġѧ, ؿ˳, кЩ˿ء
Ͻž˵һ, Ҫȥ𣿡
ţҲס, ۾˷ܵķȻûʦҲԼĴ¶ء
žԼɷΡҲȥȥҲǸʦء
áɷԥһ¾͵ͷ
ǵʱ򣬹Ȼſ˺Щ˶ڿ֣˴ţԺЩҳںʦ˵ŸлĻЩ˶Լһģһݽ죬дʦ԰ʦ
ˣʦǸϽָ˵ѵĸˡҲǾѧϯͬ־
ѽͬ־ͬѧлǰ̫лˡ
һѧҳ߹ˣ˵Ͻ졣
ǼҺӿϴѧˣϵ󡣡
ǼҲˣ׶ʦѧ
ǼҲˣĲУǰſϵģؿ˸ר

ѧҳмЦݡ
ֵ˶һ˷ܣ֪ԭѵôأôѧˡ
Щ˶ֹԺԼҺѧˣ׼֮󣬾Ͱˣʡĵʱ˶˽
û뵽̣Ͻչ죬ллллλ̫ˡȻѵʦȷʵҲǾľȫȫ̿ΣҲǼҺԼŬýȥнɾ͡гϢͺãʦǶΪ٣ǲô
ԱߵʦЦĺϲ£졣
ȷʵͦľģѵԼ߿ѹ׵Ķóˡ
⻰ҲѧҳԼҲǺԼҺӵġڰ϶ѵ֮٣Ƕġ
ѵ֮ǰ֮󣬲ϴˡǺԼҺȷʵҲ㣬ҲŬнɾͣѵ಻һ
ҲЩҳôͷܿһѧǶôף֮󣬲ֹǹ٣δһǰˣǶôĶ鰡
ǲǴѧ߲б¡Ƕ˵ڰѧ֮󣬸оϿζзˡǿǻ̺Ӱ
ʦǶЦˣʦҲǴһѧϰ飬Լľ顣
ܿϾģӺ֮⣬ҲԼصѧϰģ°빦һԴصѧû⣬ҪӲʵģٳɼѿ
ǻ׼һлʦ磬ȥԶٷʾлﺢǶȥѧУˣдǡ
ǸϽ֣ⲻôˣⲻ֪ǵĹͣҲǺӺѧУʦĸʵڲôǻѧֻΪ˰ѧúѧϰʽʦء
ʦҲò˼
ǵǴѧӻЩоԷͦ˼
ôˣѧҳ֪ǿѧҪæûôʱԷҲˣ߶Ҫǽܼѵĺѧ
񶼿ĵл
ûЩѧҳأһˣȻǱŶġ
ÿ߿֮󣬺͸߿йصϢ͸˹ע
ֵ´ĹԱ֮籨ˡ
һ¶Ͱɷˡ
ָգָɷ⣬֪֪϶˿ˡ
Цŵ֪أҲǸѧУҲҪѧҲֻ֪ܾľĽ̡
һٽأ
һʮɣǸ൱ʱʮʮȫƸġ
һʮѧǿʮ˲ġ
Ҳһ¡
һҲб˲ɷЩѧҳʼﺢ
ҳȰԼҺӿһ٣رϲѧϰر̿࣬ϿؼŬϰдҵ
ڱɻĿУת˸ɾǳɼȥҪǺӲúѧǻа취ѧɺԼҲѧˣѧãǳŰⲻ֪֮͹ԣʱһ£ʵҲĩĿγ̣Ӿ˵оϿˡ
ѽҼҺҲǣһӣʦѧϰ֮󣬾͸оáмҳϽ
ǼҲǣ˵ʦرö
֮ǰɷõļҳѧһ£¿ԾͽΣǸɴ౨ȫƸÿһŶϰɼĺЧοԣӾͿĴѧˡ
ٲɷˣô
Ŷţô
Ҫ˭ȥаǶ⸨
ȥɷͬ⡣
ɲôˣǷǳġ
ǲܵģʦȫְʦӵжĽѧ飬ǿԽ֪ʶȫĽǸʦġΪֻ࣬һȱ©Ĺ̡Ϊһôѧÿ˶ܸʦĽȣЩⲻ⣬ͻҪˡȻѧУڸ࣬ѧԼѧϰ̬ȶҪġͺοϴѧѧһƽʱʮ̿ѧԲȡĳɼ˵˸࣬һܿϡڴҲѧڿϺúŬ֪ʶĩҲɵ㣬òˡ
ɷõıЦλͬѧ̫ʵˡ
ܿ죬ھ󸨵¶ԼЩɷݾ˱ֽˡ
¶׶Ҳһ׮¶
ϾѵǺʵҵˣ֮ǰЩ˸֪ôһѵһôá
ڵ˱ֽ֮󣬴Ҳ֪ԭӳѧУϿΣ˸ء
ҺͶǾѧ˼Լμӹ߿ϾЩʦҲǴӾԼѵģҲѡŵʦ
ǶرѧϰĺӣԼӣǲҲý
˼ѧʶ߰
ֽϻ˵ˣѧܳɼֱӽһٶʮ֡ʲô
ֹܷ٣Ƕصˡ
˼ҲϹλѵฺ˵Ļֱӡ
˼Ҳ˵ˣҪѧϰ̬ȣҪڿú͸඼úѧ
˵⸨ฺĸ𣬲Ϊ˸Ϲţ
ʦ¡
ѧУ쵼ʦҲⱨˣŸտѧͿԼѧǱɡ
رǸУ׼ѵ¶û뵽ǰôôѧؼ̳ɼˡ
֮ϲ
ѧУҲ˸֪ͨȫУͨѧ֯ãѧ֮࣬ҲɼΪ˲ųһ
ɰѧĳԱˡ
ǽˣԴӱ֮ˣɱҲ̫ˣЩ˶ȥ౨Ϊ
˺ܶѹˡҲܵģ¶֮󣬻øֱĸı䣬ٺ֮ǰһˡҲ¶ӰһЩʦ̬
Ϊ˺úøѵǺѵͬѧˣҪ̫࣬ΪΪ׬ǮϹһͨͷҲѧ
֪˶ãܱĸҲῪģǸƣΪ׬ǮΪѧǸ಻˳ģǵ踨࣬һΪ˰ƶѧҲΪ˾һѧӡҪ˳ģѵҲͱζˣЩҲζˣԺ߳У԰ϹλˣۻôĿ˵Լᶨأ
Щѧûѵ׬Ǯĸ
ҲΪϱֽ޵¶⣬ҲԽΪúøѧҪģʲô׬ǮģǶÿǣҲͬ˵
ѵҲˣޣΪ˶ѧԲ
Ӿ⸨࣬ģҹϵҵѧУȥˡ


242 
ѵ, ̫ࡣ
ʦǶҹϵˣҲȥѧܲܽѵࡣ
¶ѧҲӳˡ
¶治ð죬ΪΪѧ, Ǿޣͺ֮ǰСһģʱ, һ˾ܹܣģˣ൱ֹǴͷ, вɲҲҪ
ѧĳԱ, ǵѧѧҵΪܽȫѵ, ͱĩˡ
Ҳ°ЩδĹҶ, һÿѵ, ׬Ǯ, оСǮ;, δѵ࡭
˵ЩҪ󲹿εѧ, Щ˲ŵĵλ, ˡ
ڿɲִ֧ѧҵʱ
ЩҲ̫ô»ȥҲǳ֮ߡ
ٹһ꣬ѧҲҪȥʵϰ, ʱѵ¶Ҳܲ, δѵг֮, ѵ໹ǲ, Ҳ˵
һĥ, ֺѧѵͬ־˸ᡣ
̫ˣѧУѧҲ½ѵˡ
Ǵˡ֯Ĳ
¶бףԺѵˣβ룬׳⡣ΪһѵģҲеͷΡ
⣬ҲܿƵİ
ѧżˡ
ȷʵܿƵģǻҪһáҲǵڶѧˣص㣬γ̷أ϶֮󻹵ȥλʵϰܲˣѵզ죿˵У϶ǵġ
ѧҲǵδ·δǿ϶Ҫ뿪ģѵ಻ܳõȥġ
ϯʲô𣿡ѧḱϯ춫ϵ
һŵùҵѵ࣬˵齨ѵѧУһЩ˵󣬶Ҳܹ淶ǵѧԼڹѧʦӵĹǲòˡˣȿǵԪֹǱȽϤһҲΪҲѵѧУⷽľ顣
ѧǶԪӡǼõģ¶涼˺£ǽõζԪģͼݡ
Ը̯𣿡
ѧûʶ̯Ժ׬Ǯġշ治ߡյǮ֧͸ġȻҲΪĿǰûѵ൱ӯ
ԿҪǲԸ⣬λԡҪǿԸԸ⡣
ϯǰۻ𣿡
Ȼԣǵʱ̸ҪѧڹѧԸܣܰĹģ󣬽ڹѧĸλҲࡣ
ͬǰͷ
Ҳû
ʵΪѧԱҲоѵ֮ȷʵæһЩ
һѧľҲѧˣٰȥҲֻΪ֮ǰĹΪṩҵλ
ϯ˵һҲԤδѵ࣬ʱ򻪴󣬺֮ģѧǷǳġ䵽ʱڶѵ֮䣬Ūµĳԡ
õѧԱȫƱָ֮ͨѵļְʦ֪ͨ
ʦ˵ûʲôı䣬ϾҲֻΪ˽飬˭С
㶨ѧǣĩȥݷԪˡ
Ǵžɷĸװȥġ
Ԫ绰˵Ҫݷã׼ˡ
ڶóһˣλΰʦҲǶ˭ΰһǿԿ϶ģ²
ûµʱҲȲ죬¶Űݷˡ
˵Ҳ֣ôɣ÷У˵ɣλȴҽڣѧҵ̫æ̫æ
һţʦþûˣôпչСʲô𣿡
ž͵Сһͦ˳ģݷˣлԪǵ֧֣ǿѧ̫æˣѵ¶æҶͷתģһÿգ̫æˣųóʱݷԪ
Ԫ麬ЦʦÿҶ⡣
ЦԪǴȣǾ仰ô˵ţܳŴȻ١
һƨĹȥˡ
Ԫ֪ǹ˵ĻҲ̲סЦˡ
պˣ񽫴ĸԪ飬Ԫ鳢ʾһͬѧɷģҲѵѧУѧģ˼ѧ֮󣬾Ϳʼ̯ıˣʮָлԪ
Ԫϵĳһ飬ζ
ǿɲõĶʵϣû͵ϡԭ֭ԭζġ
Ԫѵ࣬ǰ˲ˣռͶˡ
ս׼ռ͸԰¶Ҳ˵ˡ
ԪһѵѧУȴͥˣǴ°ڶ߶ԪĺãԪѵѧУĺá
Ԫ鱻ˣʮãЦ
һ֣˵ǲҲѵԪ֪ɡ
ֽ֪ˡԪǰĺܳɹ
ֻЩûʦǷ̫˵˼άˡ
ȻԻһѧҳΣǶѵķչѧҳǺäĿģֻҪѵĺôǶš
ӳѧҳ
̾ɹǳɹǱϾޣԪϲʶиѵྭҵҡϻѵࡣ
û취ֱԪԪ֪ˡ
ҲˣԪƼˣͦġ
ǸѾѵѧУԪһ²ͶҪȻԼҲȥλ
⻰Ԫһ㶡Ϊѵϻ¶˵ܱҵңĪЩˡ
ɫĺ˿ڿȣⷽһӻ벻֪ʦ׼ôҰıһ¡
ҵҳأԱǳʦһҲӯΪĿĵѵͺԪڸǸѵѧУһ
ʦ뷨Ȼܺá
Ԫ˵ͷѵѧУʵӯģǰӯǺҲʼѧԱѧѣѵ֮ѧԱŽԪ൱ڸԼ˲ˡ
Ҳ֪ӪΪλѧУ϶ûԸԾûԪǾԪ⣬ǲԪ̫ˡȻ˵ǲӯʵҲȫӯֻ˵׬㣬Ժ߸֮ѵҲ˻δȫظѵѧУҲס
ѵѧУ鵹ǺԪ뷨ıϡ
֮ǰһ㡣ֻʱδҲʱá
ʦҪ˺뷨Ҳˡ
ԪЦһ£ѵʦԪ³ԿԸ׵ҵ
һȣûУԪǧᡣ
ʦΪʲôҪԶʦӦԪ档ֱ˵ϹһҲ
¶ΣԲԪҲûôֻȷʵòøԪ鷳ˡԪ飬ԪԼǺ
Ԫ°ͣԣ 
һϲѽǿ̫ˣ֮ǰˣǿԪˣ˼С
ԪЦһΪʦҪΪء
񣺡ôأҶԪԪôΰֱҵңҪˣۣҾ̫ˡ
ֻҪƤ˵ĻĻ˭Ҳܷ
ԪʦȻˣҲˡǽ̸̸ѵ¶


243 
Ԫ, ⵱ȻͲѵˣѵѧУ
ҪǣҪڹѧѧ, Ҳǵѵĳԣһǲܱġ
ڶշ⣬ܹߣҪ, ͨļͥĺҲϵ
һǹҵص㣬ҾĿǰΪֹڽһ׬ǮǺܲǵ顣

ԪǵȻģǵĳΪѧ
Ԫ˼Ҹ, ǰ롣
ԪЦ, Ϊˣ
, Բԭ˼ҪԴʶԪ֮, ҾͷԼкܶҪĵط
۾ñţҴһͨ, ˴ñ
Ԫ, һֱЦ, ͷһη, һ˼е, Ҳᴵ
Ϊ֪ˣԼ֪Ǵ, ȻҲ˼ġ
Ҳ̲ס֮Щá
ʦ, ѵѧУӯ, ׬ͨϰյǮⲻԪ磬ɰġ
ҵȻʮְġ϶
˵ʦҲʮѵãͨʦֻôѵ׬Ǯı·ˡ
Ҳ׬ǮֻѵǴͷģԾҪ𣬲ѵˡһʼ׬ǮѵշѾͻԽԽңʦ׬ʲôǮѧǮҲѧǮѵ׬ˡ
ԪǱȻƣһγгͻΪյ׷
̾Ҳ֪Լֹ˱ôϣѵҵͷãշѣ淶úǶѧԺѵ࣬Ҳҵʵĵط
Ԫãʦ뷨ǱȽģûһҵĲӯΪĿġ
δһѧУ
ҪѵѧУҲ
Ԫ᲻Һ档Ŀ׼֮飬֮δܲĲ׬Ǯٸõ˼롣
Ԫ飺
ԪҲ֪ͨͥĺͨɹĽݾǶ顣ƺԣΪõļܹͥʦЩ˼ҵĺͱȽϸߡ˺õѵ࣬Щͨͥ׷ϽĺҲһ·ΪĺѧϰҲһģţְֻͨ취Լ
ԪĬһ£ǿ϶иͨļͥϲѵġ
ЦԪҲֻǸͨˣ˵⣬ֻܾһ˵⡣ڸͨˡŬ¸

Ԫ֪ˣʵһҲ棬ʵ˭ѣֻһѵˣڸűɵ¡
ˡ
֪Ϊʲôһ˲Ҳ룬Լ׬ǮΪʲô
Ȼֻһ˲ģıܻ׬Ǯ
ǮҲȷʵҪʦ뷨һҲӪΪѵ࣬ҪǮȥš
õѵʦõѵṩõϣɶҪǮһѧѲ̫ˡ
ǮȷʵҪ
ȻʱѧУǲ׬ǮģϾгԾҪȰг̻ˣվȽŸ
Ժ󡭡Ժ˵ɡ
һ»ʡ
Ԫ֮ǰѾѵѧУˣо飬׼ͽЭ̣һ˽ѵࡣ
׼׬ǮˣҲڰˡ
ԪҲͷȰѵɽָѵʣһ죬δûκλܹԽѵѧУˡ
Ҳ֧֣˽żܣѵѧУ϶һЩ
˶ڻһļϣܿͽˡ
ˣԪͰС½ȥھ󸽽ѰҺʵѵأԺ׼ѧѵѧУˡ
СҲǲµ̸µģΪ̸С죬û뵽̸ľȻѵѧУ
ܿ϶ʦġ
ָͷˣԪĿǰ漰ҵˡ
ȻԪĿҲ٣ʵҵΪ
ѵϰҲ׼ѧЩƼ壬Ԫչ𣿸иҵҪͣһ鲼أиҵӴҵͼ
ѹϰ嵱޷˻ƬδгʱľۺĲȷʵ׸
ϰȻͼС
Сļ
ΪСҲȷʵµԼϰ뷨
Ԫ鵱عҲȷʵǱ뷨ģҪԪڸиҵвҵҾΪͷδıǮ

ѧУѧԱԼѵʦ˸ᣬԼԪ̸Ľһϸı档
ѵ˵ѵ࣬ǴҵѪҲҪЩ˸
񽲵ģԪŴӦЩҪѧ˷ܲѡ
ԪſǺð
ѵʦж
ҲͬУǹӪλҲ˵ӯΪĿİɣԪȻͬˡ
Ը׬Ǯ̯ӡ
治ɫ˵ҲȷʵӦǾ壬Ǵʱ׬ǮҪʱ׬ǮȴȻӯΪĿģΪҪѧϰ־ں£ں£ɲܱǲ˵׬ǮΪĿģٲ̰ģøõģġǳġ
¹ѧɲﵽզģǴʱ˾ЩܵӰ죬Щд
ЩѪ
ѵܿͷ֪ͨˣѵأ༶ѧԱ
ϢúЩúӽѵļҳ˻ˡ
һ˵Эϰӡ֮ѵĹ͹Ԫˡ
Ԫ鰲ר˹ӹѵĹѵʦ֮λרҵʿ
ѧĳԱһӾɶˣҲÿѵĸˣԶһЩʱ䰲ѧϰ
ԪѵѧУҲ죬Ԫȥ˽ز̸¶ѵԸܽżܣӯΪĿģֻΪѧΪĿꡣ
շѱ׼֮ģزŽЭ̡
¶زȻ
ȱ˲ţȷʵҲҵŵͨ
еλԸ˲ţȻǺ¡
һǺ;ѧ֯һġǸ׬ǮΪĿˡǸѵѧУ
֮ѵѧУʽˡ
صھ󸽽һ¥İ칫ңĳɵѵࡣڻὨУַ
֮ǰĺԺҲţҲΪһУַר˹ҲĹ
һ½½ҲѵཨˣѧУѧ֯ģΪѧУǰǾѵ࣬Ϲֽģڹģ󣬹淶ԵǲȱѧѵΪҳѵշѲߣǵշΪ׼շѣͣ⵹Ǹûѵ


244 
ʵ֤, ѵཻӳȥһǵ顣
ֻΪѵĸãͬʱҲЩѧɲǴļ˸
رΪѧ, ѧҵҲ֮ǰҪغܶࡣ
֮ǰǽѵ¶½½æһ£ʮ·ݣѧУΪʮ¶æѹæĲɿ
ԼоЩ, С춼Щ˲ˡ
ʮԼ֮ǰ¾ĸС˾æ֮˵绰Ҳ֪Сڵ״ˡ
Դ˹˾֮󣬹ʮƣÿ˶Լְ, ܺڵ, ֮ǰרҵ, ֪ô㣬Դ˹˾Сĵ绰װ˺ü, ҲúͶﹲõ绰ˡ
һרŸСɹ˷Ӧƽʱʱ⡣
СѾʼ˵ֲ, Ȼÿֲֻ, ǿСڸվĹ, ԼǽڵѰҺʵ͹ӦԴ, Ͼһͼ, ֮⣬ҪƷֶ, ֻܲһʳⲻδķչ
ⶼ֮ǰǹ, ڹ˾Ҳ½Ľˡٴθп, רҵľרҵġ
ţҪҪѡһҵ
һѧڹ˶þҪˣһ껹ÿչ־ѧרоҵʮַأҲֻʱã׼ȿչ֮ѧ
ϾͬʱѧѧƣԴûôš
˵ڵ绰˵ģڵɼܺãʽһ꼶֮ʦһ꼶֪ʶˣĩԿúãֱõӣϾڵѧҲС
֪ԼСʱôȻЩɡ
ԼǰɼãȻΪ̿࣬ҲȷʵЩֵġ
ÿζǰéŴ
ææµµģһѧھôˡ
ΪСĹչ˳ռҲѾûʲôҪĵģź٣ҲԼ֮ǰԾѧϵѧĳŵȥϷιľģʽ
ȻҲ˶ȥҲֻһּͥǮĲŻ롣
ϾʱѧϰҲǸǮ¶رһ˵߾ߵеѧϰ
Ҳʮѧμӡ
ѧУ˵¶ѧϵ˽֮󣬵׼ˡ
ѧϰһ£ҪעⰲȫͨóŹȥҪǰš
Ӧˣұ֤úôǳȥúôǵļҪǳϸһжӣ䵥ʱóͬ־󣬾Բж
֯Ǻεġ
λѧɳ¶ǾģҲڿʱУһУ쵼˵еλѾǰкˣҪȥ
ǿɶǺҪĺõλ
úѧɲһʱˣҵأ¸٣ǾҪȥλʵϰˡҪǿģҲپͷˡ
Σô𣿲ǴĲȥλʵϰ𣿡
ҲȷʵҪˣܹǰȫѧҵҲǿԷȥġˣɱ˶źþˡ
ѧʼͶˣ绰ӲˣҪǰԤġ
⻰ﾪϲѡ
Ҫܹǰȥǿ̫ˡ
ʵˣûȥĸλʵϰ
ǰ˽һԼϵλλѧĸλʱҲͲΪˣȻҷ䣬Ҫѧ̫㣬̫൥λҪҲҪѧԸˡ
ЦΣڸڶ鰡ڻǴء
Ҳû£ѧҵˣֵܲȥȥĵλǿȥġ
Ͼڴѧ̫٣ɲѧԵˡ
Σһϣܹڻ㹤ұϾл㹤ˣʱÿչ
ҸҲϲ㹤ѧѧõصľ÷չȥ˲Ҳѧ˲ţ㲻ʲôߣֻʺϵʵߡ
⻰ǿϧǸп
ϧ˲Ҫȥ㣬ͻǸûˣһ棬ָпԼѧǸˣûһζ׷øõλ
Ȱ˵㹤ɲãʵһЩɲҲǶи𲻺õ󣬹һÿչһ棬϶ȲϲĺáѾЩλ̸ˣ൱ãһҵĵλҵͽסˡ
׶λпڴѧǸźʱˡδõ
ЦŵΣһȥ㹤ϣܹԼѧڵط档֪δǹҪӷģҲ뵽ʱѧУ룬˵ҲֻܺˡҲ³ԿҲۡ
⻰˵֮ĻˣѧѹͲЩ
ЦŵͷãҪϵ࿼ǵġܹᶨΪʦҲΪе㵽ʱб뷨ҲԺϵѧУջԼѧںʵĸλϸɳɼ
æлллΣҲ˵Լ㣬ǵ˸λϣһᾡȫȥùҽשߡ
˵¶ӷˡ
֮ǰŵȴȥѧУ¶أǰ˵ˣҲһ׮ˡ
ر˵ܹǰѧҵҲǿǰȥλʵϰġ
ҲΪҸ̫ˣһЩ²ţټЩʵʩҪ˲ţҲذˡ
һҪŸ˼ѧϰ档
ΪǵһΣҲһδͬѧȥʵϰҲʮϸټˣҳһ·϶ŵ׵ġ
Ԫ֪¶óĸ˵ģϾóϷǱҲйҪչϤָŹȥиӦ
Ӧ
ԪͻȻЩ죬˭ɣԼܶġ
ԪǱ˸࣬Ȼ
ʵ벻ͨΪʲôҪԶ
ѾԼʮͬѧ˻վϷƬˡ
Ϊóˣ˼Ҳ֪ͨߵĸǡ
߾Ͱ˸¹վ
սͲ֮ǰǹũҵ䵽óġ
ЩѧҲͦˣдǡ
ӭҹѧϰôãȷʵѧܶණ
ѧЩĬ˵ʵڵģЩʧ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱ˵ϷڸĸǸĸ֮ģ˵Ҹߣһ½ЩлǺвġ
Ψһľȷʵڸ㽨裬洦ɼĶʩء
֪ǵ飬ʵ£ǵʱܵιǱ֤ңǿЩλ˽ߵλģʽ
ȻԣѾߵҵϵˡ
Цŵ
ɶǹδ˲ţԸѧϰǵȻǣǰһЩѧϰᡣ
ó쵼˸עģ׼Щ˺ơȿȣԼĲ
Ҫ֪ٹһ꣬Щ˾ҪʵϰλˣɶǸλҪˡ˵һ䱦񶼲Ϊٺõλڵǳء
⽻Ժ֮ġ
óЩλľƿɲԣ껹ɹзգԵʱܲˡҲЩѧֻܳΪǿˡ
õ϶ĻشҲܸˡ
ҲΪʲôûϵԪֱӴóߵԭԪλھƣóǺ͸λϵ
óҲʽ
˵ҲϣܹŻóùϵġ
δԼҪڵϷϸ㾭ãٲҪó׬ġ
Σ˫һļϣЩѧҲõƵİšȻס޻ã˰źˣ÷¶޵ġһ·г̶аţ˴ţЩûУŵѧǾͲôˡ
סٺˣǾ˵㶫ͳȥתơ
ĵطУлûδǰ˿ŵĳƺڸĸǰǸС壬ȻпŵɣҲȷʵ˵ʱ
ۿţֻδкֱǷ˼졣
ûе𺳡
п˵ʱչȻı䣬һΰı
ͬѧʵ೤˵ôԺܷչЩλͶʣ׬Ǯ𣿡
⻹Ǹտʼ𲽽׶Σͺ۽ʱһףڹҵϵ齨һδ϶кܴı仯벻Ҹҿ϶δԳΪȫĴС
ͬѧһƬƬĻĵأ
ҪѧϰģԼ۲죬ȥдĵᡣΪ˰ȫҽһжҪߣϾأշչΰñϡ
ԣܵߣŮһܵӡ
˭ҪǵӲؼɣŵ¶ͱˡϵֱ֧ӵ
ݣ
ͬѧʱЦˡ
̲סЦˣԼЩͬѧڻ֪ԼվƬأδᷢչʲôӰɡ
ҪﵽδеǸģֻµʱȺ˶ˡ
ЦŵϧᣬѵһΣ´οˡ


245 
Ϊʲô೤Щѧʵ
ǻ׼ȫȥء
Ц, ˣٱ۾Ǵˡǵöæƽʱ϶ûʱ, ں١ʱҲ֪ܲлءǵʱҪ䵥λʵϰ, ǲ֪
¶ҵȻ֪
Դϴ֮, ʱͻ¶
ЩҲʼԼδøʲôˡ
Ȼǰ, Ƕ˵, ֻҪ㣬ܻԼѡλȨ
, Ϳʼ滮Լδ, ǵȵǸʱȥǡ
˵¶, Īˣǰδǿܴһ, ҪˡټҲ֪ˡ
֧һ㶼, ʲôа೤, ೤һٻ, ŶԶҲҪϹ۾ۡ
ЦԺͻۻᡣԺһˣû׼ʱʱĵأʱɱҷ
ǿɲᣬҲ˵, ೤벻ҲûǸӡ
Ĭ
˶Ц
, Ҿǰллλ֮ͬˡ
˵˵ǰʵϰ¶, ¶Ƶȿѧ֪, ڻû⹫, Ҳû˵᲻ǰһҲȷʵˡ
˵ʵڵģδѧȻԵһεͬѧζĸŨҶܴ⡣
ʱչˣ˵ĸҲ仯ˡ
֮£Լѧʱֻǵδ˼Եðù⡣
ãʶЩͬѧҲ磬ֵøмĵط
ΪһЩѧҲڲ֮ǰôˣܹˡ
ͺԼ֮ǰ˵һҴһʱⲻˣòˣӦϧһÿʱÿ̡
Ϊʱûר˴ûȥԶڸתתֺܶģʮ֣ӳ˶ٷ
׶ʵҲкܶɫʳ꣬ǻ϶ǹӪλġ
ֱֽСͺܲһˣˣ鼫ˡӿһС꣬Ǻ档
㣬ζá
ǳԵʱϰﻹԼСϺ׸ǳԡ
ͬѧС೤Կ˿á
ЦˣǺúһ¡
ҰԷһϰֹˮѧǲ㸻ԣÿֻһѣҲëǮ¶ͳԵͺȵģдôܵѧǲ˼ˡ
λϰʵӿ˰
ȥ꿪 ߲Ǹ㹤Ǿ߿ˡϰ˵ǼǰҲģ⣬Ҳû£λÿζô
ãرóԡ
ζ
ѧ
ɰϰ޵ֺǺǵģָǶһ̻ס
ѧǣ̫ˡ
ǰӹôڱ仯󲻴
Ҳǹ㽨İɣԷ˲࣬ϰҲྡ
Դ֮󰡣ӿɾͺùˡ
ϰп˵Լߵı仯
֮ǰȷʵ࣬½ԶòУߵ񷹶ԲȻΪŸ۳ǽܶǱȥˡ
Ӵǽ֪Ǳ߹úáǻǱ˹ŵģԼĵض۲Ųȥ
ϰķǵʵϣԼСģû·ӣҲӾȥû׼͡
Ц¿ɼȷģڸ㷢չ˶꣬ǾͷչˡԼϼҹӣɲ
ȷʵϰЦŵڵ㽨裬˳ӣߺܶ˽ˣ֮ǰЩҲһЩӳаˣҲ۲һЩǮǮӣӹҲáˣطҲܿʼˣ
Ҳˣûô𡣡
˭ûɶλأ룬ֻԼҸˡ
˵ô˵ϰȴһĽɫûС
֪Ϊ⿪ӿ϶벻ٰ
ɱҪ׬Ǯ
һٷ꣬ҳԱˣ߸˵ıͳţ´λԷԺͳԵġ
Ҳ̫˰ɣѧп
һ˺ãһ棬ҲΪû֣ſڶ˶ˡ
ѧ·ţҸһʲôѺȺ֮ġֺô
гԾĺô
ͬѧˣǰΪЩͶѣǵͶѵĶҲģΪӾƣ
ҲͬѧҲô㣬ЩҲҪݹģ֮ǰͶΪѷֻɹͳһȣάƽȣʷḻˣȻҪıˡ
ԣ˵߲ܵ˵ûǲãһ׵ʱܲϵɣһϡٵʵʱ̧ۣϰա
Ҹ㼺۵Ĳֺ
Ǿ鲻·е
ѧϰĽǶ۲ȺڵԼҷչƶʺϵľߣͬһЩȵĸĸԼִһʵ֤ҪߵĲǼ򵥵ĸĸ·ؾ·һɫ巢չ·ߡ
·ߣһȥ߳
Ȼֻڸ˶ٷתתҲջ٣صסͿʼдѧϰĵᡣ
Լѧľѧ֪ʶ
ڶ죬óĽ¾ʹȥιЩҵˡ
Щ˽˳ӣĿǰϿҪйӶô๤ˣ׳¶ȴܳ
û뵽￼ĵһλ֮ǰĿš
֮ǰΪּѻ¶ĺΣû׶
֮ǰ˿Ƭ׼ϵҲᣬҵǻҲûʲôϵԪǰ˼¶
ٴţͲ׼ˡ
δҪط裬ɲһҵλܰɵġ͵˵㹤ҵ԰ǶǸֵλƼС
ϷһˣǴ뷨ġ
˭ЩҵϷѣǼ׶أҪȻԼҲôԪˡ
ͨºĸ츱ܽǢ֮Ǿλ츱ȥι۳ˡ
һ·ϻĺǽҵӪģʽ
͸ջعʱ̬ȲһԵĸܵЩɢѺá
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô⵹Ǻ
֪ǣҲԪйϵҵԥʱԪֱѺעԼľģԪࡣ
ǲֵֹ˺õأõ˸ŻݵߣԪЩغߣѸٵת˽Ǯ
ԪȻˣ˼ڹ·ûϣǳһ飬Ǿ׬ˡ
۵ͶԼ͵ĹǴļֵϱ˵ĳǮֱͺͰ׼һ
ҲΪЩ˿˾޴Ǳھúø㷢չˡ
һ̬ȻҪı䡣
תһȦ֮󣬷ߵĹβ룬С͵ģСҲʮӡ
ССģĶʱһ¡
ѧûôдΪһЩλڣЩΪ˽Ӱ࣬Ҳʮϸˡ
ҲûΪʲôҪӶͯʱһɫ
ã˭ֻСС
ռ֮ǰʱ򣬺ûѧҲϹء
ˣȥѧˡ
Ǿ÷չҪ


246 
ι곧֮, ͬѧڳɻ뿪ӣԼǺ︱ʺ, ó˿Ƭ
ϴδӦ뿵׶, һֱûŻ, ܾԼЩʳԶˡ
︱һǺͿʶ, Ц, һֱæĽ裬żҪȥ, , æ
ܲ˵С̫, Ͽûȥ׶ɡ
ĵͷȷʵʮֵ, , ϣԺлỹܼɣҷߵĵ绰𣿷Ժϵ
Ȼԡ︱ܸһƬ, ԺԴ绰ڹͼ˹괺ھͻ˵Ҳ治ˡ
һž۵ȻҪ, Ժ߷չδǡ
ǲżܹϵϾС
ҿҲδҪĶ
ȻΪСɳ¶ÿΣΪ¶žÿδ̸
Ҫڻչ, ׬Ǯ, Ҫϴˢõ, ǾֻܸͶʽˡ
û취, ˭ûúء
׼ϿԼķƶһ, ͬѧһһѧϰЩģʽ
ֹȷʵԹѹһЩȻѹҲǺ͹ӪλȽ϶Եġ
һ˵ҲǸЩṩ˹λ
ûЩǿûС
ܽбףڱס
½½ȥҵĳѧϰ
ЩĽĺܴ󣬶Һܹ淶
õĺû͹ڵĹӪλȷʵԼơ
һȦ֮󣬴ҲˣδгʮֵļңͬѧڵľģʽʱͲ벻⣬ǻܵгӰ죬òı䣬˵̵˿϶ԽԽࡣ
ЩϤԲûʱѧЩͬѧѧϰι۵ʱŬĸ˴ùϵ飬С˲ٵ·ӡ
Щ˵ϵʽ֮⣬ҲǸĸҵҲ¼ˣΪԼԺĹҵ԰ǰϢ
˯֮ǰԼ˹ҵ԰ֲͼȻΰЩλ
֮ܶһˣоࡣ
ȻҲ֮ǰԪĺ˺õĻ˼һԪһԪһЩЧ棬Ҳúύ
̬ҲϿ飬ûΪֻǸѧᡣ
մĹ⣬ȺѧŲͬҵĸ˳Թٺʴ͡
֮ѧǻЩڣ׷ڴϸпԼȻʱԵĲǺʣԵǹ˵ѪǮ
ԼЩͬѧǿɰˣδ᲻䣬˾ÿɰ
ԪУ˵һޱȵˡ
ϾǳԷڸõķꡣ
ⷹ½ģɲɵҲԪĲҵ
Ԫһ˼ҳ˼ٷ˭Եģ˽ˡ
˵ЩҵյĴͷ˺ϤԼλǲҲҪ롣
Ԫã¶ģ˼ʽѡ
ﶼȻ˵ıȽϺ顣
֪Ǹ뷨ˣδҲҪ㽨ģȻиҵӴ
⡣
ﻹǾòԼܷԼ顣
úܲãֲɵĽѣԼѺ档
ҲְԵˣͲԼߵѽιԼ
Ǿò
ûɵģҲƲסϸ΢ܲ
ȻôҲǾø˳Զٷ
ôҲҪ֮һˡ
ǶԼ뿪Ϸһ룬ǳԷ
˺üٴˣͬѧǱʵڲٳˣ³ԳһԪͣˡ
ΪԪļ¶ǾԪҵǲһġ
һԴ̬ȣʱпԪӹû
Ԫǰ̲סͶԷһ乧ϲˡ
ˣҲû˵ϲ
ʵҲþûԪˣѧҵæûɶ£ûȥˣϴμ棬Էų£Ѿϼпˡ
øлϷ䣬ȻǶ죬Ϸʱʱ͵ģѩû£̫ů
ͣԪѵݾ֮꣬ûĺʽڼпˣţп㣬ͦºͳҵңԵСһ
ͣԪҲȷʵ󣬲˼꣬ѧﻹбԪ黹ġ
ЩѧǼԪģϴһȥԪѧϰʱ򣬾ͼˡ
μˣҲһġ
ԪҲֵĺ׺ͣдϴһ𣬺þûˣ˵ʦӣǶѧϰˣҾҳԶٷ˵ʦߣӦúǴкģҲš
Ԫ̫ˣѧϰģɲܴǵĹ 
ʦԪЦЦһ´ѧϰһֱûͣ˵Ѿ˳˷ˣҲźǡϣûѧϰɡ
ҷ׷׶˵ûûУܺԪԷܸˡлԪ֮ǰǵṩѧϰᡣ
⻰ܾòζ
Ԫ齻Ķ֪࣬λ˵Ƕ˵ģ͸ол


247 
Ԫո˵Ǿ仰֮, ԼҲðա
֪Լǻ˵Ӧ˵
ͦǺͱ˳ԷǳԵĻȣ̲ס˵ˡ
ԼȰռ, Ȼתƻ, ʲôջ𣿡
ջࡣѧǼȤ, 
˵ߵľ, а쳧, ԼͬıȽϣԺᷢչ
Ĳ˵, ͹ڷװ濴Щװ, ˵ʮֱ, ߼ǮͿһõڵȥʮǮ
ɼ, Ƕ²Ժܶ˶⡣ضؾ÷չ
ԪЦŵͷ
Ŀǰ߹ĲƷҪϾвͱûԾгҲʹطһչһ, ǺӴˡ
˵úʵ, һӹĵطѡ
ֳɱ, мܴ
ҳԼƷǻӹһЩļӹ׬ȡۡ
ԪãԻɣ͵ԣͶ, ֻҪ, δܻΪ繤
δǺϤ, ֪δô, Ҳûô, ǰš
֪δ﹤ȷʵչѸ١
ΪķչϷԾ֡
ֻǻ֮ǰЩʮĹ˵Ӱڳ﹤ӡ
ԾչʷϣжٵĹ˻ĺˮأ
۵ͶͬˣΪʲôͶۣ˵ףһ֡
ͬѧѧδ÷չۼ֤δǸٵĳڷչ֮ǰļѿʼ
ʦôû˵
ԪͻȻ
ع񣬴Ҷ
룬δ϶кܶ๤ˡ֪Ĺδʲôչ·ǱϾ͹ӪλʲͬҲǽԼഺ˳δʹˣܲʲô֮ġ
Ԫ˵ĻһҲ⡣
ʦϲΪЩײ˿ǣѵȥһЩ顣
ҵɣΪͶ΢΢üЦĿǰŸտʼδ϶ҪƵġ
һҲţΪ֪δĹ˻кܳһ·Ҫߡʮ֮࣬ǵȨûа취õϵġ
ôģϻЦϣˡţعҵǻԼĹ˺Ĵ
ٷԵıѧǳԵҲûʲôˡ
гԵһٴˣǾҪؼҹȥˡ
Ԫ֪ҪߣƱûС
ˣóͬ־ġ
ҾͷˣʲôѣֱȥԪǾͿˡԪѺõЦ
ҶλԪȷʵǸˡ
̬ȱЩǴϰ壬ֻһֳĸ˶ǵ̬ȶҪƽ׽ˣһӶûС
ôµİҵҡ
Ԫ˿ǻסԼ񵥶̸̸СĹ
Ҳд⡣
ոҲĥԪ֮ǰ˵ЩֵĻЩĥ˼²ԪǾϷѧϰȴûԪ˴кûϻ˿Щˡ
ȻҲֻ뵽ˣҲλԪģһ¹ϵûˡ
ȻҪӴֺԸ⽨Ԫϣɲܾôӿˡ
ѧ֪֮кĿģҲû˵ɶԻȥʰԪĳȥԪеס
ԼǵķӣŴ԰󷿡Ժһкüӣſڻ滹ר޼԰԰
һ󲿷ʱ׶żߴȻôķӣô˴ӣɲ١
ֻܸпһ䣬Ǯܡ
ﶼλǮˣ˷ѶǮ
Ԫֻ׬Ǯϲܵ˲һ˾ϲǮڵ档
ÿһǮܵõĻر
ʦլӽô
Ԫż»԰Ǳ֮ǰ׶ĺԺӲһĺԺһû
ЦƯɣԪȻƷλһ˽ķӡһǵһο
Ԫ߿ͷܶ࣬ʦǰ֪ͨңҿ԰ססĵطҪܶࡣ
ô˼أѧҪסߣ鷳ˣԺʦͲͬǳѧϰˡȻڻǸɲδҪֵλģɲΪԪǴ󻧣ͳÿҪˡ
ԪЦҿ˵ʦԲٷˡԱ˵ܳԣȻҲܳҵġ
ˣˣţȷԪǺͱҵӴЩˡ
ĿԪ飬º͵Цݡһʱĥ˼ЦһڣԶ˲УⶼԪٺöˡǺƾûٺȡٶԣҾͿˡ
⻰ԪͻȻúˡ
Цߵƹ˺ƣٺһ
С
ڰ̨ϣһһֻ߽ű
ִݻķźƣ滹һNˡ
һһԼִԽʱյĸоʱ
˭뵽ƶİȻݻĵطҵû׼ֵˣпһ䣬žͯ
˾֮ЦŵڿʼĹ֮ǰҵóԼ㣬ԪԳĴңҵѣȴԪˣʵڲӦãιȷʵúԪкġ
Ԫ鱾Ѿܺˣ⻰Լ֮ǰǱʮֲӦá
Եúܲ졣
ʦô룬ȻʦѣʦȥɡҲϲΪС֮ˡֻǶԼûо֮еܱǸˣȥ鲻ˡˣʦιʲôջ񣿡
ΪԪǰƣҲ֪˵ĻǼٻҲûʵʵ˵ЦУֻ㿴˿ŶʶһЩˣҺԪĽ飬ǲ˶Ԫģҡҡͷ̾˿
Ԫһʱ侹ȻҲЩͬĿ⣬ʦⶼˣȻһӶ
üЦЦЦʮֳϿңʦҪ٣δչˣҲԼˣʱҲɫơ
ĬûǾ仰ô˵ţʱ㿴ҲδʲǲǺƣܷת
ԪõЦ
֮ǰ¶Ƿƪˡ
ʮֺãźƣСĹ
ٴζʾл
СķչٶȳԤڡ
ԪǱǮԼŶӵ֧£С˾ɹֹ˾½ڸسĿǰѾڼص׼ֳ
һжɵĽš
֮ǰΪСЩ
ڿҪˡ
Сˣȹ̵ĻӯǱȻģ룬ݽҺԪκڳΪЦˡпܳΪѻԪʱܻյλ룬Ԫ𣿡
ԪŵȻѾó׼ˣʱ䣬ԪҲӹҵⷽ˲š
ٱԤףԪгɹһҵѯ˾
ллԪ
ϲʦĹϵ飬оĹҲЩ˼ˡ
¶㶨ˣ׼ȥˡ
Ԫһֱʱ侹Ȼô죬룬־û¶û˵꣬վȥ·̸̸ϵ顣
̸ʲô
ʦβҲȥԪι֪ЩûʲôҲΪԪĹƾ
ԣЦЦаҾ˵˵˵ĲãԪ֡
ģǼȻˣͶˡ
ڴſڣԪһڻ԰ﲢţҪ˵ҲˣߵĺԪҲĲ
λ淢⣬֪Ԫȥûȥ˵ʵ䣬ѧˮƽԼǵβ룬˵ĹһЩݳƷ˾ǵĹ˶ϽˣĶۺܸߡһƷƾܶǮˡ
Ԫͷȷʵˡ
ЩĹˣȥǱ֮⣬δҪ⣬ǻǱȻġвֹԱʧ˵ʺҲ޷
Ԫ鿴
ΪһҵҪΪҵֹ̳Ҫӹ˲ţ˲ţҲҪעػһ߹˵ǣסǡֹܹʧܹƷҵľ
̧ͷԪ飬ԪһǵĵλɱȲǹӪλǵϹˣ۾ܲҪֻ֪ϲ
Ԫţ׼ģû뵽ʦô뷨
ҲˣʦҪ˸
Ϊһصصʱң쳧һѹեͶҲ׬Ǯ;
˹˴Ҳע˳ɱҵҪ׬Ǯֻ߲Ʒļ۸񣬴׬ǮҲң¸߳һǮӰǵֻѹեˡ
Ԫû̬ҲûʧҲԼһܸı飬δܶŷı䣬ΪǻͶԽԽˣЩҵǲſʼ˴Ҫס˲š
ԪҲɱҪҸδչ׬㣬ǵδ÷չǸƷ֮ϾǾ޴ġδͶ֮ͶҲ֣ºֲڱȻֻҵһ׾вģԪҲҪ֡
ô֣ԪЦЦʦһéٿ룬һⷽ˼ǵġ
ʱЦݣܵõԪĿ϶ͰĶˣ˵γѧ˵㶫ˡ
ʦΪṩҲҾٷû׳ԣõͶʡ
˻വ˫˫Ц


248 
ڶһ뿪ʱ, Ԫĳȥĳվ
½½뿪ģΪ೤ʹͷˣ˶ϳ, Ҳһ뿪ġ
ϳʱ, ʵԪؼҹ𣿡
ԪЦ, , ﶼһڶ˵ƽʱһ
׶λ¶ԪүӡλƺԪڻΨһֱϵˡ
ԪƽʱҲֵĺλүӸܺã׶Ľڶүϵġ
ڿƺһ
ҲûʣÿͥвΪ֪¶
Ԫ, Ԥף´֡
ллԪЦŵ
ŻԶȥһʱԪ鳤ĳ˿
ʵԪҲҪڵ, ǰڹҲʮ, ÿʱ򣬶Ӹظϻرҹꡣ
ϲա
Ϊÿһ, ǸԹĶǣʱС, Ҳû˻, ҲԹο
ֽ, ʮû˼֮󣬾Ͱͳȡˡү׶Ҳټ˹ڵ, ȥ֡
صԼסլ, ϻһȾƵĵط˸ˣʱⷿӶ岻١
ټķ, Ҳûʲô˼
Ԫһ˲, ԼΪʲôôķӡסҲûܵʲô뷨
ʹ׬Ǯ, ʹ̫ܵͬˡ
ɴüͷ߳ţȥ˾
ȻҪˣǲͣġ
Ͼɲż٣óġ
뵽һȻȥ˳档
͵ĹţΪ˶õƼʣԼҲԸż١
ԪǵļƼʲߣСĶ硣
СļƼڽΪ˼ͣΪѹեһʣͶ
ЩȱӪձĹˣԪ벻ףʦΪʲôҪôǡ
ƺǹúãʦͻܸһ⵽ʲô߼
ʲôϵ
ΪһΪߵˣʵڲ֪ΪʲôҪչ˱ߡʦô֣ûа취֮
Ͼʦ֮ǰɴ޵ķʸ
ĸ֪ˣæԪܣЩ˹̬ȻɣǺڿģҲùûǰЩôëҪ󡣡
Ԫͷ촺ˣ˷һٰɣԸģʡʳøǹӦһ극׼һһòͳƣôʧ١
Ӹ鷽û⣬ʹ⡣ӸܸԼʲôô
õģԪܡ︺һµĵͷ
˼쳵ٴλصռˡ
Ҳϻʹһġ
пɴûԼְһꡣ
ҲˣǿԺͺڵһҲС
λûռ͵ˣԼع磬Ȼӹ߻ġ
˵ʵڵģ·ѩ󡣴ƤѥĽ̤ѩϷ֨֨
ߵӿڣͿкڻˣãã
ڵʵʵģվ·ڳ֡
ЩۣһӾˣ۾Щȣɿܹȥˣڵ
ڵٺٵЦţҲܾĺ⣬һһ̧š
ڵզ֪ҽûѽ
ڵҲ֪̫˵Ҫģǰһֱ
ɰжˡ
Ҳҵ˼죬ðˣûڵ
զ¸ðЩɵӣ˲۾
ɺˡڵ
Цŵͷԣڵġ
һ·ռȥڵһ·ϻţҹûˣûˡ
㺰ɶ
Һģ
ڵ
һЩ֪ˣռ
յ˺Щˣûͼ˵
ڴҲ£Ǹ͵ԵģĹģ뿪ˡ
ű飬ڵ㿴öܻӭԺҲͺˡ
ڵҰ˵ˣΪǸøɲ˹ӣҶϲԺҲҪøɲ
ôڣҪҸ㻭
СŮڱЦ
ڵһһתԹԶ㣬ɱѸðˡС̫Ѵƨɡ
ԣﻹ溦ˡٿ̫˵ŻĵӣЩƣ׼˵˵ء
զôûõĸðأ
Ǽ˸˵һ¶ˡ
ȻǳϦյҵĵһٷҲԵʮַʢ
Ҳմһˡ
һĶ¶
ռϰˣ벻ҲΣֻԼҹŮȥŪһЩԵĺȵģЩĹĺúš
սǸ㱨˶Ĺ԰
԰Ѿˣʮ·˵磬ϴڹ󣬿·ˣֿһˡ
ȡƬɽͷˡ
ս̾ڱȽϳҪӯеĵȡ
ûϵҪ̣ԺܽˣЩҡǮˡ
ǶЦ
öȥϷɶϡ¶𣿡
Ȼˣϡ档
ҲԼϷ˵һЩ
ϷԼ⣬Ǳ߻г·ڵرˣʱЩˡ
ҪǰǱߵĻõ
һҪܹӵùЩ飬Ҳǿеġ
񣺡뷹治˭ܳԡ
ս϶˳Եģռ͵ûҪȥˡ
ͷռûôչû׼ȥԿڻûҪڼſǮ˭ȥոͶѵ¶أ
زģҲױƭ
ЩǮ治׬
ǶͦףûνգһЦˣҲĽǣԺչãСҲԶཨ賧һЩĶ
˵ҲǣռԺҲܺܶ೧
ŵ
ǾûǴš
̸һҲˡ
ҶǳԷȻһƨߣһȥˡҺ˵Ҷ¶أá
񣺡Ҳжģ
öҺ˵Ҵ˸󣬻ͷҿҶС
üͷһ
Ҷ꣬Ѿ23ˣũ˵ǴŮˡ
Ǿᣬû뵽Ҷ¶Щȡ
ˣ
ͬѧҲǳɻˡ趼﹤ˣֵܶ࣬ԸǶ
ͦáƷþУ졣
ҲôģռɶˣҲǿڷҪҵùϣҿɲͷȥż
̵ҲܸܡѧĳЩ۸š
ĳЩ˳°ŮʿûͷʵԷкմöԵ㡣
Ҷİɣ۸ֲһס
̣Լּҵˡ
극֮Ҳ͵͵ˡ
¶ռ֪ģ¶û֪
ؼ֪ôڣıһ¡
ϾũˣǳģǴеˡ˼Ҽ˲ͬ⡣
һҪôǸ˲ıҪôǸ˳ģʱԼһ**˼ԧġ
ͼɶ


249 
ֻ, ûн龭飬Ҳ֪Ҫô˼ĸԸ޹Ů
ԼˣΪҪõ, ֻҪóļɡ
Ĳö, óʵʵúúһӱԼľġ
, һ˼Ҿũˡ
֪, ΪũҲкôģ˼ҲƲũˣ˼¹ŮԿࡣ˵ˣⲻǻû۵¶, զԱˣ
ЩԱʱʵЩŵġ
, ŵ㡣ũ˺ͳûɶ, ʱһˣҺ㽲Ϸı仯ѵũ, ׬ǮͲ﹤˶ࣿԿࣿ
˿û, ҿɲԼϱԿˡ
˵仰, ̫ˡ
λų, ָҸܸɵϱҵġ
ڶ˵ϱԿĻˣֱ۵ı仯
Ȼܸı, ̫ˡ
Ϊ¶û, Ҳûͼ˵ڲ, ͷֳ¶
ҲΪܡ˵Ҳûɶ˼
һ㵣, 䵥֮, Լʱ򲻻ᱻ߻ɡ
ڱҵ֮ҲסڼӦҲ߲
Ӽᶨ˱ҵ֮ϸںúùˣŮ־ķ
ɼҵ¶ҲǽԵֵġ
ⱲʵģֻģһТ˳ĺùŮһˡ
뵽δܻ֯ܣʵĻỹǺܴġ
ƶλˣܴ־ͬϵġ
ڶ죬һռҳԵԲ
η˺첻һࡣǰӾͰһӣ⣬мѼʮַʢ
ܴӡÿ극ȥʢ
ӵһҸֻּ⻹᲻óԣˣֱϹˡ
үү˸пĿӷˣٿԼߵĺǣҸĺϲ£졣
Էʱ̾Դȡ
үүһһֻȣõġ
ָжָˣﻹǵ⺢ӣզԼأ
ҵԺ󹷵ТҳԡϰףǻĴͳ¡ԺԸⱣͳ𣿡
Ը⣡
ҲТ˳ã
ڵãҲТ˳㡣
񣺡ȿȣԷԷҲԵ⣬û˳ԼûͳԺ⡣Ե㡣ԼТ˳ƵóԲ¡
ǵҲ£ųԺóԵġÿ˶Ե㣬رóԵģóǳԡ
մǿһӺͺֵģ̲סЦˣ˵۾ȡ
ôԵ˵һҹˡ
ڣռ͵˶ʮֲ
ŷʢ극Ҫж룬žͺá
극ִźһѵõûæˡźԼһĺڵ겻ֻͯˡ
ڵִһˡ
԰ʮˡ
ڵ
ָͷӣֽ磬ʮͽˣڶ
ٹʮһ꣬ͿԿְֽʱˡ
Ҳ֪һڵ˭
˽ﻹϣ衣
ҪȻڵԺȢ˱ŮˣǾԼԶˡ
ȻҲ˽ֻܿԵˡڵԼϲˣҲֻף
һҸҲҲȥһֳ꣬˳˽ǵټɲˡ
Цвסˡ
û취ѾˣȡȥλʵϰҲζţȥѧУ֮󣬿Ҳܲռ͵¶ˡ
֮ǰҪһЩš
Ȼһᣬɲûвġ
˻Ͷ߸˵Ļꡣ
һ֮󣬶ֺǺǵᡣ
鿪ʼҲЦݣͬ־ǣҲڸҸ˿Ǹһ갡Ҽһ⡣
ɲǶЦ
Ǵĺá
쵼зǶŷչôá
ǣ۽϶𡣡
Ҹ˵Ц
ⶼΪҵĹͣǾְĹռ͵Ľ졣
ɲЦĸˣﻹǫ顣ʲôԼҲûʲôѽ˴ͷ֮ġ
ͻȻͬ־ǣϣδ뿪ռͣǻܱһ⣬ľȥչռͷչĸã𡣡
⻰ɲˡ
εǣ㡭Ҫˣ⣬ⲻǻûҵ𣿡
һ꣬ҲҪȥλʵϰģҲпҲپˡûˡȥѧУΪ˸ϿѧҵæҲ˲ߵĹˡ뿪֮ǰҵøš
Ļﰲ
˭Ҳû˵Ļ
ΪһôõĴѧҵģ϶䵽õĵطչ
Ӱǰ̡
ռнǿ񣬵ҲԲĺȡ
Īľúסˣ˵ЩɳơҲЩš
׼ĵһ죬Ҳǽŵģµġ
뿪ǣԺôչ
ԺҵĹͬ־ݴһʱ䣬ҲɵĲãǾͻ˸ɡ
ǣҴͷУҴ
ôá
һŬġ
ֿɲռ͵ķչ滮֮ǰҲʹõģҪּ귢չƻҪ֤ʮ֮ڣռͺС춼ܹƽȷչʮ֮ǾͿǳ֮ôˡ
죬ͺ͸ɲ˼Ļ顣ƶռͷչ·ߡ
ⷽƵģ֪δչĴ֪ռҪôߣŻչ
Ȼ·߹ȻҪִе˸Ҫˡ
Ķǻģ֪δЩ˻᲻ˣ᲻ע棬ֻܾԼܵģԱܹһֱԽԽá
ԼǿԱĸ
ҲԱǹͬල֮£ЩɲҲܹһֱľ
Ҳ½½֪Ҫ뿪Ϣ ⼸죬һ̸ֱ¶ռҴԺ׼ȥ
̵ǿÿҲԼŮռˣȥɲУ϶ѧУأ۲ģȥĶȥĶﶼܸɻ
˵Ҳǣ⺢гϢﶼɡҪǷֵоͺˡ
˻ϣԺȥԣĳйӵġ
˺ñ
δԼ¶ȥҺ˵һ
һҪ뿪ռͣһ׼ں칫磬۵
˲Ű
Ǿѧû׼ҪֹԺֵطȥģҲ˵صĻ
аɣƼˣҿ϶濼ǵġǳŵҲǴӦƼˡ
˵һԼƼԭ򣬵ǣ֪ͬ־ܲģһȷʵֵñǾûɶģԸƶõ·һߡռͼչ·ߣֻҪúȥԽԽõġʺϡȶˣѡг徢ǽӰࡣ
ԣЦǵǿɲҹˣҶˣҲҪȥġ˵ʵڵģҵΪҵİࡣ̫ˡ
Ц칫СģҲȶˣҽӰ࣬Ҳˡ۹ޣٿĿԣڹûɶô
ҪȻҲѡں칫ƶģʵȷʵҲҪˡ
Ҳ뵽˵ĺ칫磬ٿڣҲرпͬ־Ҵ칫л㣬Ҳϣδǰƽ


250 
κӹ, Ľˡ
ȥѧУ֮׼ٴ绰ռ͵Ĺ͵͵ĴԪ߹עһС, ǲٶǽָ
Ҫг׷ֵʱ, ͺúÿܲܳ, ûռ, ǲǻȲչ
ɲǼ¶ˣ̾˿
Ժ治ٹռˡ
ҿ½İ칫ңˣǰ, ָоûɶµˡ
ôѵ·һ߳ˡ
ͻȻЩпİɡ
, 
డ, ռ͹ĺӡ
Ҳ¶п
Цҵĵһƻ, ǵƻˡ
һʱ䶼пʱ죬һӾ͹ȥˡ
ռͷչ, Ҳˡ
һҲ˹λˡ
Ѿռʹ, Ժ, ۾ͺúÿԼˣܲһӶ˷, ǲǣ
С, ǣԼߣ
ǽİ, Ժ󵱴ӳҲɡ
Ҳο, ɲǶɳˡ
뿪ռȥѧУ֮ǰ, Ҳͼ˵ˣٿܲˡ
̶ϰˣ֪ÿæԼΪһˣѾˣɶ¶øɣ¶ǶϱŸɵģɶù˵¶ģ
Ҳû̾ЦеúøɣԺۼҲɲ
Ȼһ䣬Ǹɲ󣡡
˵ǸɲʱߣȻ˵Ǻǵվǿ
ڶǳûɶָˣôõĺӶúöԴָԼֻˡҲϡﻹʱҲԸϼҺһϡҲȥַ
ѹͲվǿҲһЦ
֪ҪˣҶϽԼѾռٻسϰĶˡ
˽Ҳ
ʱЩšһǡ
Цŵ˵ԺǶˣ
뷨ͷ
ǶͦõģҲúøɣǺʱ˻ࡣ
ͷ
Ҳû־飬˵˼仰ˡ
ûദʵƷӸ˵ҲǺʺϽĶˡ
ܹҶƢ
ҶԼոզôɵİ
ץץԴҲ֪Һʱ򣬸оں쵼Ҳȷʵ쵼
ɶǾüλã͸оʹ쵼һ
˵ҹ𣿡ŵ
Ҷ顣
ȥҶԽ֮⣬ΪҶһܲŮͬ־ũ嶼˵ʱܹиŬר˵֮ǰڳҲ׷ǶûջһĻص絥λ
һֶôߵ밡
˼Ůԣĵһġ
ȻżᷢƢܽҲ˾úʵ
Ҷֱ˽ŵĸо֪أһͷȥҺö۹⡣
һ˵զ죿
÷ʡˡ

ҶˣһŴ
˿ˡզ
ү̰ͲҸϽˣͰֶúáûɶ˵ڳ۲ˣǸڿģǰ͵ˣģԼˣ˿ó
ЦˣĻҲţ֮ǰɶɶ
ҶˣǾòУ
û£Ҳſһ棬˵ٷ֮ٵȷǺûǲãֻ˵ʵҾãҪԼ뷨ദ࣬˽Ҳ࣬ҵ
Ҳ𣿡ҶЦ
ʹ˰ɣģҲġԼһ˵ѡˣֻҪԼҲʱһѡˣͱΪ˵˵Ӱ֮ĹϵҪΪֵܵĻܵˣ
ǿ϶С
ˣҲû󣬲ЩԼ˻ǿԵġ֮䣬أ֣ܰͷϡ
ҶݵĿö˵ĺе㶮öడզģ
Ҵ¡沿Ĳ
ǲҲΪʧ࣬ʡ֮õܽ
ǻҲ͸һһദһĶһԼļͥ
ҽ𣿡
ܻزˣ׼ġ
ҶѽǾˡ
񣺡
뿪͵˱Ҫ࣬ЩҲˡ
ǣˣСТ˳Ŀɲܾܾγϰߵġ
ڵ·ϳԡ
ʵźܶˣǻǽˡָĵȻҪӡ
ڵˣЦ¶һڰ
СĺܻδǲĻס
һΪСϴˮˣ԰ֲŻףԺһֱţһԵˣܿ
Լ˼ţ̲סЦúѧϰԺ󿼴ѧ
ţԺҪռ͵ɲ
ڵ
Цˡ
ڵյĺ
˵ĺģ֪ΪǸøɲһӲڵĺӣҪȻ̿϶û˾ˣҲӣҲ顣
Ҫøɲ
ڵԺһᵱһøɲġֿἺΪ˿Ӣء
ڵ۾
սԼӵԹӡ
˳ϸԼǣԽԽõռͣɣδҪøũ嶼Ϻӡ

ѧһѧѧϵϾͿ˸ۻᣬЩȥϷѧϰѧʹҷȥϷѧϰջ
ЩѧǶдСģԼѧԼĹ۵㣬һ
ûȥѧţźֹŽҪʼڹѧǮҲȥϷߡ
Լľ֮һѧٺٵЦЦʵӡ̵Ļһ㡣
ʲôͬѧǶš
ܺó԰̫óˣرϻر㣡
ȥѧһЦԣóԡ
γ˺öͰرԪͣԵرˡȻͲú˷ˡӰ첻á

ͬѧߺ´Ҳȥ೤ǻлȥɣⲻǻи֯һΣ
ÿĿҵɲɡ
⻰ܿӦˣȷʵܲɡ
Ϊγ̶࣬ΪϵҲϢˣѧγ֮󣬿ǰ갲ȥλʵϰ
ұ仯̫ˣܶ๤λϵĹҪ˲š
֮ǰũѧѧһֻֻǸѧȴûǷĻеص
߽Ĵѧǣͬһͱ˶ˡ
һѧҵлǰȥʵϰ˼ûˣʹѧ
ȻѧܺãΪˣ˭һֱڴѧ뾡ȥλ淢ⷢȣһչ
ҲŷܶеһԱ
ѧĹʼˡ
λõĸϯǰϯôȷԼǰߣ
Ҫǰ׼
ǰȥ𣿡Ǻ棬ôѧѡĸš
ջѧУΪ׼ɲܴͷӷ䡣
ǰ϶λõġϯĵԲܲˣֻҪҪ


251 
¶, ŸտʼѧأôҲҪȺúѧϰ
ѧṤ¶ҲѧУ쵼֪ˡ
У̸, ֪ʱѧϰ֮ҲûֹˡѧѧУѧĺ, Ҳڹλĸá
Ҿ͹ѧϯһ꣬ʮˡ
ѧĹ, ϵİ೤, ҲжˡԾԼޣҪǰѧҵ϶Ǹɲô¶, ռλòɻ, 罻ӳȥˣ¶
ǰѧɲ, ԺѧϵѧУۻ, һ֮һЩѧУŻѧУʱ򣬶򼸳, ͬѧ֮ĸ顣
һЩ׼ǰߣ׼ѧУĶԴʮָȤ
޹һ, ſʼץʱѧϰ
ѧУڴҲڲǲ£ĸѧϰˡ
ְжˣҲҲ֪ľġ
һžɷĵڳԷʱ, Ҳ¶ˡ
žǴҪ߰
һߵˡ
˲ߵ˵ġţŵ, һɾҪͱľ
ĽѣҾȱ־עûô뷨ģĵѧ꣬һ׼ٿ֮ġ
žҲ߲̾ˣɷ߲ŰѧУ⵵ҵǷչʱһǰͰıҵɡ
˵֮Ц˵ˣұҵ֮󣬷䵽ͰѰ̿
ӴӴӴţ̲סЦˡ
ҲˣôһƬûа׸žԼҲǸùʮѵáԺ϶Ҹ
Ҳżһص¶ߣҲΪĸ߷壬ʱ򣬸λŽȥ㡣
뷨Ƕ֪ġﶼ
ܹȥõĵطȴƫƫҪȥѵ¶
Щ˾ӭѶϡȥΪ˽ѡ
ȻҲÿ˶ľĺţԼʹˣҲҪˣϼҴڵģҲֻԼž겻˵ˣģǶҲЩ˼ɡ
ѹû
񰡣Ȼ϶ǵʱ򣬵ʲôѣԺһҪѽ
⻰Цˣô׳ʲôֲȥɽ𺣣
㹤ѰΪǲ֪㻹ǸŮͬ־ˡţ̾Լûġ
žҲͷ
Ц޹أ׷ͬϲսܵ顣
ƭˡ
ţ˳֪ڰοˡ
ôϲԼ鷳أǲΪûԸȥ
޹һᣬͷһɵѧϰһѧҪɣȥڹѧϳһĵ׬ǮֻҪĵͼݣڽңÿطѧϰ
æûռͺСˣǳʱȥ½ںüΡ
ϾԺҪˣû׼ˡ
ԺʱҪѣҪ½˵һ¡
½ڶľǺۣҲ֧֡
֪˵طɲǵطϵϰվкӹˡ
ææµµģѧϰȵǺܿ졣
ȻæҲææ绰ûԪǱߴһ
Ԫ׶ˣûţҲû˴绰
˼û¿϶ҲϵԼ
Ǿеš
ҪһˣСϵһʦʦҪҪٰѧι֮ġ
Сĵ⻹Ҫϸ˲ιѧϰʲô
ѵԪ⻹׼ҵˣ
Сº˼һͨʵʵȥѧУˡ
ҵʱЩѣƽʱѧϵ˺üλãͼݰҵġ
С˵¶ЦѽԪ̫ˣһ׼һż٣ȥԪݷءû뵽Ԫѧϰ¶
Сµͦǵġ
ԪǸ˰
С֪ʲôк˿ĪãԪɲܲҪ
Ҳ˵ԪǸˣֻĬĬԪˡ
ûаһѧϰģϾѾȥѧһˣȥҲûɶ壬һӰ˹Ԫˣڰᡣ
Ԫֻһѵĺ˿
ϵͬѧǸʮĵĺҵҡ
룬һˡ
һѾȥˣٸ鷳
ҴҲоѧϰĽȣһҲ׼ѧУѧϰ
һ죬ԼһȥԪĺԺ
һֻѼ
⿾ѼǰϱصͬѧƼһСġ
洫գζܵصûдӵʮֺá
Ҳպϡ
ԼҲˡ
Ԫĺƣʮζ
񵽵ʱԪɫзԺｽݣͷѵõûɴͷǴס˵ͷѧһ
Żͦеġ
ԪѵÿһΣƽʱæúܣһֱ˼㡣
Ԫ齫ˮ£ЦŵǱȽеġһΪʦѧҵæûʱܹˡ
ǿ϶ĵͷǰѧҵȷʵæڹˣֹѧɲռͺСĹҶûˡ
Ԫ鱾һлû뵽ô¡
һ˲侹Ȼһ¡
ЩˣҸ˺óԵģԪҪҪ
Ԫͷ
ΪжˣͷһΰԪ鵱ԴǺϻˣһȽϤˡ
Ȼ϶ûôġ
ΪҲǴĿġ
ѼһֻģǽϺƤ֮϶׼õġ
Ԫ黹׼óȥУʾԼ⿾ѼԼֲζԪʶôˣҽҲ¶һ֡
ϵĻԪЦЦá
ϴ֣ŵӣһĸ⽹۵ѼƬһġڷŵġ
Ԫȥ˺ơ
ſѼźơ
˵ʵ⻹Ԫһ顣
ζǲġ
Цζô
ζ
ǻʳвͬʳرһЩƫԶĵʳҲǺܶġԺлᰡԪԳԡ
ԪȻͬ⡣
ã̾˿þûôˣδĻҲˡ
Ԫ鿡ü΢ʦѧҵôæ
ֹѧҵй
˵һǰʵϰ¶
ԪôӦû䵽øλġ
ҿܻ뿪׶
Ԫһ˲ˡ
Ȼ˿ںƣɫȻô뿪˵Ƿλȷ䵽š
Լԭϲڻ㹤ԺѧУ뾡ֻȥұϾ㾭ḻչȽϤ
Ԫ
һʱ䣬Ȼ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵㹤ĺܺá
ЦԺûʲôˣ̫źˣΪкܶʦġ
Ҫľ⻰üһѽôûлأҲءҪȥ˲ǻûʲôȥ˻Ͳһˡ֮ǰС죬Ҳڻ㣿ҾµʱԪæǵˡ
Ԫ⻰ЩˣЦôأԪһ蹤Ҫͻȥ
ʮͬĵͷԪ˼̫ѵˣҲ̫ȷˡʵӳԶ۹ԪŵҵңȷʵþϷһطҲʵķŵ۹ǷֽɽɽҲпء
ԪʵЦ㼪ԡ
ǱȻ¶ôһ仰𣬻Ϊ棬һƶĵط΢һ£ܷϡԴұΪԪȤ˼Ԫ˵Ԫ˼룬δ֪ôˣֻҪֺûᣬһǵһԪ
ԪЦŵҾǰʦл
ˬʵӮ
Ʊһ¡
ԪѾ׶¶ˡ
ʦ˵Ҳԣڲȷʵ᲻ࡣ
ʦ˲ȥ˵طδԪҲڵطչĻ
˵طʦȻѡȷʵҺܾȡ
Ԫĵ
Цƺÿ֪ҵѡ֮󣬶ᾪһұ֮ѧ֮ЧӦ¶ֹңͬѧ϶кܶͬ뷨ֻΪϹҷ䣬ûҪҵбȽϲµˡ
˵¾ƱĿӣԪͶ裬ȻҲһطֳ֮ɾ͸СҿܾͱȽ׷ָоɣƶռʹǱøԣľҸǾ̵ˣضᱻ𺳵
մһӣҲһ¶ܸıһ˵ˣǹϺӡ
ԪЦǹϺӣͻῪģ
ʲô߼
ЦȻῪģΪҲܹ˵İûб˽İҲúࡣҲ᳤һԪδŮһΪ޷֪ܽԼδ·һҶĺͿġΪˣϣø˸ıˣܳԵ𷹣·顣úǲѧʧȥ˼Ļᡣ
٩٩̸Ϸ·ŹӣԪһ˲侹ȻôۣеԺãԼܺˡ


252 
Ԫ, ܹ˵İ𣿡
˵֮󣬷ʵ
Ԫعһº, ͷЦһ£ûСܾǰ, ҲйһκӣҲϣõ˵İΪ, ˸, ֻܿԼ
ĸ׿ڸġ
λĸֵ֮׳ƺΪûõķ
룬ԸԪ, ûҵԪ
Ԫ̧ͷ
, ôһЩˣԸԮ֮, ֻûа취ÿһ, Щڽûб֡ǲܷЩ˵ĴڣЩˡ
ԪЦ, ʦǸ˶ҾǸ˵ģ
, ˵ΪȽϲ޷Ծȣү΢ƫ˵㡣ʵ֤ȷʵˣԪɾͱҴ, ǻҪߡÿ˶ͬԪԼ⡣
Ԫֻ֪˵ĻȻÿģЦֹס
˵öԡȷʵÿ˶ܺײϡ
Ǹʲô˺Ͳ, ʦ˵Ҳá
˼룬ԼЩͬĸֵܣͷʣˡ
ܴҲ̫
꿾Ѽ룬ϵҲˣԪŵĹϵסˣԪһСֹ˾ۿŶˣʹˡ
ܲܳ϶ֳ¶٣̫̰ˡ
Ԫ󷽵ͣʱȥ
ҵ֮ã̫æˡյ鵽ʱ٣˳ϲҡ
ʦҵĻѧĻã󶮡
Ǹæûʱѧĸҽڡ
ԪҡͷǣҲһʦʦˡ
һ㶣ȻЦˣлԪҵĿޡ´лᣬٽԪ
áԪЦŵͷ
ȥʱ˾Ԫںרȥġæûʲôˡ·̸̸
̫ˣԼҲܻȥ߾˾ҲáԪרо̫鷳ˡ
һҲԪѵӡ
ôһҲΪԼƶе
ͰԪǺϻ˿Է׬ǮͺͶԷһ׬ǮӮ
ûð˵ѡϾǣ֮Ѳ
λֵϣԵЩˡ
Ժ˹֮⣬˽Ҳǰλѡ
ҪʱƽʱҲǿġ
Ŀĵأ³֮Ԫ´ͣȥǼҵӳԸճ¯ĿѼȽ컹óԡ
Ԫ΢΢ЦҴϾƣ
ãѼƣҲǾ䰡
䡣Ԫ
ĿˣԪ黹ԭĿߵĲ Ž˳
һ˾ȥصͰԼˡ
֪Ůͬ־ϲʲô𣿡
СˣоԪ⣬һαһεꡣ
鱦
Ԫҡͷ
ʻǮЩϲʲôԭʵûжپ顣
ڹ⽻ŮѣĿ׾ٵĻһµĹʡ
ԪѵЩӵĿǳ
С£ϰôֻˡ
ͷϴ
ȻʵʦȷʵϲЩӣϲ
ԪͷȻüô֪˵ʦ
Сɻѵ֪
ʦϰ廹ĸŮôӴ
ˣҲԪߡ
СʵʵˣϰΪ˴õʲô𰸣ҫʲôһ
ĺʦˣȻҫԼŮ˰ɡ
ʵڲ²⡣
ԪЦſϣ֮ǰǸɳá
ôһأ
á
Ψһ뵽Ĵˡ
ĳЩ棬óŮԷչһΪŮѵĹϵеĺϻûԱ֡
Ǵʱ˿ʵ̫ˡ
ԼסԼ
ϲһŮӡ
Ҳ֮ǰѾкøˣֻڸոյһ˲䣬رҡ
ǺҾһ
ָо̫ã˿ųⲻ
ΪԼⷽһֺĸ顣
Լ˶޷ģοȫûκιϵ֮䡣
ʼãԼûõ
ٵʱеᵽָ֮
ͺԶĹĴ˵
ԪԵʮһһѧϰ
˳ѧڵĿγ̣ǰѧѧڵĿγ̡ѧڱûٿγ̣Ҫǿо֮ġ
⵹Ǹʡ²¶ˡ
ôҲһδѧȻһרҵģܱȱҪ㾭顣
ȻҲٲĽǵİ
ЩԹ޻ڵϽ֪ҪձЧ֮Ϊṩ˺֧֣ܶƽʱʱ򣬶ĵĽ
һЩѧϰϣѧϰ
ͺţ˵һһɾ뵽Ҫþȫȥ
һʱҲͶʮֵרġ
ȵѧĲ࣬ϵǰ뿼Եʱζûþȡ
ƺԤϵһ
ʵҲѲµ֮ǰ̸Σξ;ãԼλѧֲݵľһ飬ܴʻɹȻҲȱ˸һЩˡ
֮ǰ̸һλĵطûС
⽻ó֮⣬мõλ
ѡУѧУҲǺܸ˵ģ涼Ϊ䱸ȫ
ΣŬôãԸ
ҲµˡЦЦðɣҲӦ㣬úÿǡ
ķ⣬ѧϵ쵼Ҳ۹ˡ
ѧȻ͵õĸλȥⷢȡ
ͬѧǴԼµ˼ʮˡ
һģиɾˣ䵽һϲĸλ棬ܷӳûôˣҲпûһ˲š
ȻҲҲһĥ˶־ⲻǻûҵһʵϰʱ䣬һȥӦһλʣȱҵʱ·λҲǿԵġ
Ҵѧ·䵽ţҲΪ㹤֣ûѧã񲻴ڣо顣ȥԣҲᵣĺİ컵£޹޹ˡ
ϣĿ£ʵ㡭ûȥĵطǻ֮ǰĻ㣿
ԣϲѣԼѡ
⻹֮ϲ׼֯ˡֻҪȥ㣬ﶼС
˼ܸѡǵȻҪˡ
š֮ǰȥʡµƳػڹ翼⣬Ǳ߻ȽƶҾĵطչҲǿԵģϾ֮ǰй顣
ȻСϴ岻ǸСϴˣСϴĸ޷ıģĵطҪԼһ׮Ը
֮⣬ôǶģȻѾİˣǵλûϤģǱԼطҲ˽⡣
֪ǶʲôԴԺÿչ
ǱɼδȥκεطҲлˡ
εѽҺͷĲ˽һпȱῼǵġ
ϲĵлллΣ
ЦҡͷлʲôҵѧԸԿ࣬ȥҵл˵ȥúùǿǵһѧҶǼ˺ܴ
ţ֤ҵᶨ


253 
µ׿, ͽӵѧУ֪ͨˣȥʡµĽƳػڹ絣θ糤
糤ܵľǵũҵ跽ġ
ְʮֵ⡣
ҲְСϾ֮ǰҲֻǴ, һƸ, ǵ˹̶ȣΧü, ˡ
ڻֻʵϰ, ûбҵѧҵ֤ûõءܹһӰôõĸλ, ʮˡ
ؼǱߵطԱȻҲ, һôҪְûȥ, ܲˡ
Դ˺ܶ, 鹦Լ֮ǰȥһ˻ڹ磬Ǳߵͬ־˽ӴˣԽ˸Ե
ȥϵ, ѧУ쵼л֮ȥÿһλڹĽǵллʦ
֪ҪȥɲЩġ˺Щ
ȥҵĳ½ڣų½ںڳ˶ٷ
̾, ЩҲڻģȻֻǸũ, 淽ĶҲٰ֮ǰռͣԼ˵ĵϣȻûô¶, ȥزĵط˵ǸûʲôˣԼע㡣
ʦ˭˵ûˣҸأҵĸǱ֯һз֯ţһҪ֯Ĺ涨Ҿ͸֯ߣ˭Ҳ۸ҡ
½ЦҵǲģǸԿ
ܽǴũŪû⺢Ǹʲôġ
⺢ͨ͸ء
ڵʵˣҲò˼Ǵ绰ǺôҲʶˡ
ЦУҪǱ۸ˣҾЩҳ
ڵţôҲҰѧ
ͳ½ЦѵλѧѧѧԵϽڻѪԵʱ
ӳ½ڼȥ˵绰Ҫˡֱȥܻؼ
Ԥн꣬ܶûڼ
ǵɲرǻɲĵطмڣҲֵࡣرǹʱ򣬻Ҫȥ߷Ա
ӵ绰
绰Ͻһռ˱ţռ˹ӵ绰
磬Ҿ˵˵ôбҪ𣿡
̫бҪˣôû绰߶ĲˣرӴң˵Ҳ֪㡣
Цˡ
ȻһЩڼûռ͡
㱨أûʣֻ˵ЩռҵҶѾҳˣ˾ͽ顣
Ҳҳˣ˼Ҽеûͬ⣬Ҳѧ̫ˣûͬԣզأҲˣֻܺúùɼ
ٹúԿˣҪѧҲǸᡣ
˵ţռ˾ˡ
ŵ绰˺ü֣զôʱҲû绰ûɶѡ
һжã̫æˣÿ޲ðԼɼѧϰ
̾Ůʵ̫ˡѧˣ
ѧˣѧУҷأҪȥ糤ˡ
һæģȻǴѧզҲҪسĴɲС
Цˣ̣ô£һûñҵ֤أȥʵϰġ
ЩͬѧȥʵϰҲһӵҪְֻȥѧϰױҵ֮󣬲ʽϸء
λϵڱˡ
Ҳ̣糤С֪ٸɲһӶɲְλ𣿡
һѪ˵ɣȰ

үүǺܸˣô̼ʶ㣬ûԼŮôĸ糤ˣһһλŮ糤أʮŮ糤öб°
ʮʱ򣬻ɶءţʮˣҲɶǡ
ֺͼ˵ˣ껹һܻҪǼɶţͱˡ
Ҳ
ʧҶӻ׼ء
ˣɶʱɶʱ飬ɱΪҵӡ
˵ɲûô࣬㿴ǰи
үүиɲ
̵һۡתͷŵ绰ȥ˵㲻ҲҪչ˺ԼɱۻˡҲûչ
ͼ˵֮Ź˵绰ǮϽȥʰ
˶ȥˣһˣʰñĵطŵո߽龰ͺһȻ죬͵뿪ˡͻȻһӾ;Щ˸ˡ
ϿҪ˯ŵʱøԼѴ绰ġ
˵ʵڵģΪæ̫ûλˣʵ̫Ӧˡ
ǵڶһ磬Űȥϳ֮ǰڳվ绰ͤԪǱߴ˵绰ӵ绰С¡
С£ԼҪ뿪׶ˣŸԪ
Ԫ֪𣿡С¾ˡ
ԼŮҪ뿪׶ԪȻʲô֪ӣ
֮ǰûԪ˵æ
СµϺԪ˵
˶ڳվˣҪˣҪǵ飬ֻ˵Ļᶼûˡ
СµЩģʱʿֵĻᣬͳȥˡ
ԪᣬϷĸˣԼļһ𿪻ᡣ
ǰҪ飬Ѿȷ ϰ·ݾҪɱ֮ǰӰ컹ҪԪѾδڷɵĳ˵ǸǳõĻᡣ
ԶĽʮֵӡصԶİ˽йˡ
С½ʱüͷʲô¶
ʦ绰ˡ
Ԫһ㶣˴к;ϢȵԵϢԼߡ׼ȥӵ绰
Сµ绰Ѿˡ

Ѿڳվˣ˵ǾŵĻ𳵣׼ȥʡˡ
Ԫ˵Ȼˡ
С¸Ͻϣ׼ָ·
ǲֹҪĹҪϰ˽⡣
Լˣ֪أҪǻľګģֻµȻ鿪ˣŻ˳˵һء
Ҳܺϰ彲ֻܷʡԼ顣ԼλϷŻϰϵҡ
λʦ̬ȿֻǵ
Сһ˲Щ΢Ц
Ԫһֱ˾Ҳܲá
֪æѧϰһֱûԼȺȲ裬죬һֱš
˼æˣһ¾վȥˣ˳˸绰
ôҲ
ʱ仹·ԱߵĵһЩ·ϳԵˮǹ֮װˡ׼·ϳԡ
ϵվʱѾվ̨ˡ
Ҳϣվȥվ̨Ԫһ˸ҵˡ
ܵͷ󺹵ģһ˿ķ˿ЩҵĴڶͷҪˣһʦ
׼ϳأ˺Ϳ˹ȥ濴Ԫˡ
Ͻ߹Ԫôˣ
С˵Ҫ뿪׶ˣ㡣Ԫ΢Ц
Щģǿˣˡ
Ԫ̫ˡС˵ڿģû㹤ɡ
ʦֻһᡣǲ𣿡
ǣѡ
ĸ˼ˣԪ̬ȣʼǿӶġ
ѣҲĵѡϾ̫ˡ
ȻԪ
ллҡл
ԪЦһ£ŵĶ·ϳ԰ɡ
Ҳûˣ˹ǰͣյٱ졣Ԫ´лᣬƳͣȥǱתתóԺҲܶࡣǱߺ࣬ҿԴȥԴȥ㣬ʵ㡣
ԪǺ˷ʱĻģǺԼϲ˷ۺϣһ𴹵Ҳһ׮顣ȥ֮󣬿ԿˮϣʱǻԸˮֳһۡһ˵Ļ⡣
Һڴʱһȥʦ
ϳˣԪ黹ų˼֡
ټų⺰
ȳˣŻعͷ
ԱŵĴӵĴͬ־濡Ǹá

Ϊʲô˺Ů˴һ𣬾ͱǶϵͲдĹϵ
߼⣬Ƕҡͬѧ
ܲ⣬ͬѧϵˡ
ҲˡС᲻Ǵͬѧʼ
Լ߼˵ɴĬԶԡ


254 
ı, ڵ˺ʡµƳˡ
ﳤģԵûĸо
Ȼ仯δ˵Ҳʮִˡ
Ƴغһ, Ҳȱعҵҵ, ȫṤҵһĲôɫ
ϰȻֲҵΪ, Ϊ, ҲһЩ񡣵Ϊûкõֳ, ҵҲ㷢
س, ȻδĽδȻʲô
֮ǰоġ
ڻû, һʮŻὨ, õĸˡ
ƳҲֻеķ֮һλ, һƬĵأ߸ɴӡ
ɼʱչ޴
ԼδҲҪΪʱеһԱｨķȲѣһˣˡ
˸д, ϴ˸裬ɾ·, ԼʰĸɸɾģȥƳ֯
Ϊڹĸ糤ҲҪ֯Ŵȥġ
ƳҲһ¥ĺש칫¥
ﶼԺשΪҲ½ġ
ߵǼ֮, ֱӽȥˡ
үĿıӰ߶ţôĸ糤ѧ˲𰡡
˵үˣ֯Ӵĸ¶ܳԾ
˵иѧҪȥڹ統糤ţԴһͲμӸ߿ϴѧϸɲ
⿴ſᰡôᣬܸɻ㹤
Լĵӽ֯
ϽǼǣһϹۡ
˼ᣬ֮ǰҲʵǵģҸ˲һŵж涼ҪˡȻѧУҲ˲𣬸ָɲˡҲɳˡ
ѧУϵ쵼ȫһˮ޵Ļ
̧ͷλݳ侲ˣһʱҲῴˣд£Ȼȥ֯쵼
ΪǸְֵӦһλȴ֯Ĳ
ܲһλʮˣͷ΢ͺЩݣ۾ģ˵ϸġȻᣬģ֮ǰҲɼˣ֯Ҳ㣬ϣܹڸλϷӳ
ҲṼ֯ҵεġ
ãȥ硣˵һ¡
ȻʵϰְʽģҲԭְְˡ
ľɼճȥġ
⻹ǵһ֮ǰռͣǶõĴǴˡ
ڣռ͵ĸɲҲϾǮĵطࡣ
·ܲЦź˵һЩڻڹ
ĿǰǻϴĹλǣ糤֣˶ǴӲͬĴģ˺ЩˡϸɲԺǵ
仰öҪϢˡ
ܲ˼Լͷλ쵼Ǳˣȣ˺Щ궼ûܱ䶯һ˵ǶԹİѿѾˣһ˵ǸɵĲá
ҪȻܶˡ
˵͹ĺͬ־ǲʶ˵ͬء
֮ǰΪС죬￼λǺܿдҡ
ܲͷʵˣͺθسʶ𣿡
ԣôˣ
ιθسҲǰ˵˻ġ
ˣԼɻж˿˿ڰ
Цȷʵͺθسû˵ǴѧУǱ˽ҵˡ
ԭˡܲͷûٶˡ
ͷһθоΪɲ֮ѡ
֮ǰڴ浹Ǻøɣ쵼֮Ҳûɶ˼ɣϾԼҲԼ쵼Ķ֣ȴһˣΪ糤ǻ糤֮Ĺϵͺ΢ˡ
ֻϣλƽһԼֻɻˣͲΪˡ
뵽δʮʱ䣬Ȼûôԣ;Լûôˡ
Ϊǰ绰֪ͨˣԵǹʱ򣬹쵼ӭӡ
ȻӭӵҲСӭܲġ
ϴдĺǸ˵ĺ֣ܲǺþûˡ
æҲܾǻ㹤ⲻҲΪ˲ģĸ߲൱㰡
л֯ǻڹΰӭͬ־ǻڹ磬ӴԺǻڹһԱ󽫣ڽǸˡһ
ҲЦź֡
ָ֣糤
֣糤ɫĵͷ
ָ糤
Ҷз񣬱ֹĽģзֹ˾װģ֮֯ġ
ǱũģְʮҪ
Ҳڴֻ̫ˡľһѧӡ
ﵹǷĲ١
֮ܲ͸һ飬ߺúøɣȻ뿪ˡ
ܲһߣɢˣЦŰŰ칫θסȰúˣһԷʳﱸһòˡ
ûƴǣضҲȷʵҪʹҴùϵ
İ칫һλŮͬ־춬÷Ρ
δĺأΪҲȽ飬һ·ණ죬⻹ͷһѧ쵼أû֮ǰҶš
Цŵлô飬
¶Ƕ˵ˣɳô¶
ǵظɲԱֵ֧ͬĽһҲɲɴ¶
Цŵ
˹ֵķӡ
쵼϶Ǳˣ쵼֮󣬾ߵ˷ˡԲҪסڹ緿
ֵǰ߲ӵ֪ɲסģǰⷿסźüˣھסһˡשߵķӣ䷿һݡ
ŽȥѾɨˡ
̶׼ˡɶġ
Ͻλεл
糤̫ˣҿǹĴܼңʲôҪܵģԺʲôҪͺ˵
ιĿܵԺ鷳ĵطɲ١
鷳Ц
ˣѸٵİѶʰãȻﵽ˿׼һշʰ鷿Ժ칫
ԺҪסþأ׼Ҿ߻ﲼһ£ҪȻԼһ˾Щˡ
糤칫֣糤ڰ칫Ʋ֣ĸ¹һȥԷ
һ䣬ȥ
С¾͸Ͻȥػˡ
ǷֹĽ糤ˣ͸һ̣֣ʲôأɶˡ
ʲôֲֵģǾպĸĹ˵ˣСģǾͺÿչˣ氲һޣֻҪ˵ûȱˣǵǺãպȥ˿ڽˣǹúáԼɡ
糤ҲûʲôҲˣһѧ֮ǰɼҲǸźʱˣеڹͲһˣ˭ܣ۵ҪǹܲҲһʲôɼءϺҪˣʱùϺҲѽ
֣糤ǾռéӲʺռλãС
ȵȰɣû׼ȱҵ˾ˡ
һడ
ǲ֪Լͱ˵Ҫˣʰõط͸ϽȥԷˡ
ΪҶͺǣΣԼ糤
֣糤糤ûء
ˣ֮ǰ뷨ȻˣλԸ
ǿˣ֣̾˵һԶٷӷϴϧˣ¶
һ˵˵һʲô¶ҲԷ
˼ҲӭˣǲǶ
Ǵľô˼
˭ôҲǻ켣ˣСڸɲǼﳤģ֪ġ
˼Ƕء
ǰߵˡ
Щô˼ۺúһ㽨ɲ


255 
ֽǲϲġ
ֻúø, ͺ֮ǰռһһʹͬϷչĴ
ʵǲ⡣
ﰵ̾, Ȼʼĥô￪չ
ǲʲô, ϰյģֻϰ, ȥΪĳ˵
ͬ־Ե, е, , ζʳȥץġ
ζͦõġЦ
УΪ˵һز
˵ͬ־ϴοɸǰ˲æ, Ǹֳ, ãСϴѾͷԹˣ֣ͬ, θس˿ڣȥ׻Сջ񣬽׼ֳء
һСϴϢʱȤɼˣ̫ãȥȥ
Ц, һ׼Ϥء
˼鷳δ, ǴܼңҾ鷳λܼˡ
û״֮ǰ˭Ҳ׽
εҲ, ҲϤ
Ǿûǿˣָпαֻǻڹģʱ֣ǻ밲ű˹һҪҾ˵ǲУо飬϶ܸõĿչԸϽȥҪˡ
л쵼ΰһṼǵεģȥСϴ壬ٺúϤϤͿʼչʱϣǺ֣糤Զ֧֡
ҿ϶ûģϾҽյģҲҪĹҾͲ֪ˡǵ
ҵʱȥٰݷһ֣糤ʹϤϤ
ǣ̫ˣԲ֪˼
ΪԶǷ֮أ극ȥԼ칫ҿ˿ֱȥСϴ忼ˡ
ǼôˣЩͷԣԼС⵽ʲô̬ȣվһߣ
ֹ˾װ︱糤̫ˣЩ
ǵ㣬ʡ·
·֣糤Ǳȥˡ
˵Ǻ֣糤Ƕ޵ˡ˶ǴӲͬĴģǰڸӸɵҲͬһڵģһֱھ״̬
֮ĸˡ
Ϊʹ㣬뵳㣬ͳǣ֣糤ͳ糤
һ˼֯һԱܾãҸɡǺǾԼΪϴüˣѹһͷѻڹεץԼ
֣Ǹɵɼģýպļȥġ
˾ôˣԼĸɲɲͬӪﰵﻥ༷ҡ뷨Ҳͬ⣬ҵ뷨һͬ⡣
ϣ¶
Ļڹôˡ
˵СϴǸֳҲ㲻ģĺθس˿ڣŶġ
˭СϴĺǺͬ־Ǻǵֶء˼ֶҪɵʵ£˭Ҳš
ԼһгȥСϴ塣
һ·ϾͺͻصԼһ
ȻԼİʵڵģôСϴ壬ҲеǸСϴˣδ½½һЩϤˣҲпܺЩ˲ٳˡ
鸴һӣĺú¡
Ͼ翪ʼܾͺ˺ܶˡ
Сϴ壬үүȻûСϴ壬ȥռ͡
Ҳ֪ôܲӰ죬ɴͰĵĺú£еܹϺӡ
ǷСϴе㲻һˡ
ͷҪϴκЩ·ҲûʲôӲˣԼ֮ǰµһЩϣĸɲǻ˵ġ
֮ǰûţСϴҲûװ绰û֪
ΪһףܿСϴ·߸ɻԱע⵽ˣʱһ࣬ϴδæһεԱѾǵˣĿ
ǣϸǵϱδӡ
Щ˶ʮˣЩжˣϡǵиš
Цˣ𣿡
һ㶣ָָԼ㺰ңʶң
ˣϴ·ϿǸҵġ
ǡǸǸֳǸͬ־
ﷴӦɻҲӦˡ
Сϴʮ飬׷׵л
ЦŵӦģźþУˣڶﲻ
أںߣڶʱǱ߰칫
л͹ȥˡ
ͬ־Ҫ·
ãʶ·
ﳵˣǾˣͬ־Կðⶼһ˻ǵҽʲô֪·ôߵģ
ں߿ˣ
ڹ۲ˮ
ģ³⡣
ҲԶԶľͿﳵˣͲǹˡ
ϸһ
λİӡ̡
ϴ֮λǽиɵһðֱɲż
Ӵ糤ˣĲǰ˹ţҲ׼ӭһµġ
Ͻɾ֣ӭ˹ɲҲϽˣЦݵġ
Щӵ̹ˣǽ̯¶һȥˡ
ʲôԺҪģɲܸЩʽ壬ǵĹҲ˵ǹúã
мЩǺõģҲá
˵֮̾ЩҲ󶮣ԱĻˮƽߣִͲ̫˳ͶȽ٣ûȡúܴĳɼ
ô̵ʱأȿͷ¶ҲУ֮ǰС֮ǰҲ̨׼棬ڲҲͳ𣿲һʱ
糤˵öԣˣȥȱɣҲ糤㱨
ЦУҲ¶ǡ
칫ԼĿǰչĹ㱨һ顣
ͺ˵һȷʵǺܺÿչ
һĻˮƽͣǶûʲôǮͶ룬ԱҲǮҴҲģһϵеԭǹչĲ˳
Ҳ㾡ˣ֮ǰﵱµģɵĶְҲɳ˵пȱ֮󣬾͹ˣû뵽ɲ治õ
ﵱµʱ򣬶ǺĻ˴򽻵ЩԱǺܶ඼ͨġ˵ãǲšҲ㣬ҲԲ֧֡
ҲˣԼԼҵȥˣ˭ҲΪӲٰġ
˶ɲֶǣ㱨ʱ򣬵ûںǰнҴţǺ˿ˮ
ţأȴЩ̲סΣСϴԱ˵ˣʵǲӲӥ
ҶٻЩ⡣
˵үүɲʱҲûɳɼסڸɲǼҲǸп˵ӦǵĻġ
һֱүүϹ֮ԱүүǸøɲ
˵ѡϸɲҲΪүүڶ̤̤ʵʵĸɣû˽ģԵõСϴԱΡˣСϴԱҲԸҪɲմͬ졣
ҪǸʵҲôѣҪʵʵĳɹǲԿ
ӰҲȷʵãսǣԼҲô㣬ϹһͨɲݼƭڴֳѪ޹飬˲Ǯ
糤˵ЩҲ˵ɣһɳɼģо飬ϣܶҡ
Ȼ
СϴڻڹվȽŸĻ
·Ͼˣ׼Ǻ֣糤κһ׼Լ¡
ҲҪɣֻ׼ڹԱ
ͬ־ӵʲôıı¡


256 
ͬ־, Ҹ磬֮ǰҲûйľ飬ҲҲ׼̫, ׼ǹһԵ, һԸƳɹԵӣרŸ㷢չ
, ۾, ˷۾ϵ۾, 糤˼ǡ
û, ұ׼ʱڸӿ죬Ȼѡ, Сϴһ, ЩɲŬ㷢չľͷҾòÿˣҾѡСϴˡ
˷ܵĿ
ƺû뵽µĸ糤һ, ͸ôİ
Ҫй֣Ǿͺðˡ
˷֣ܵ־еѿֻסˡҪй֣Ǳ֤ܹɼ
ֲ̫̾, Ҳִ󻷾ģҲڻڹô, Ӧ֪Ҫ¶Ҳôװɡ
һ侲ˡ
ͷ
ҲҪ٣ҵڴӵɲʱ, ǰҲû֧֣ȫԼɼˣ֧֣ҲҪ·ȿԼ֪ͬ־ûĺ;ĸҸСϴ巢չ
ȻУҾɵɼҲġ糤ҲҪúøɵġ
Ȼ֮ûɼҲֻܻĻȥˡ
Ҳˬ죬ãľͺáģʵòŹԴ˵ʵṩʲôԴҪǮûǮҪûˡ

ʱˣǻ㹤Ҫãкܶ;ֻҪ¶ģҾͺðˡһȥͺͺǺ֣糤˵¶鷳ǶൣˣСϴɳɼñ˵ڱĵطǴɵġ
ôأûô롣
ɣҲ
Ҳ˵˵ҪϤһĻһʹģͨСϴ壬Ϥ
ͬĵͷλ糤ȻᣬӱԼҪС꣬˻ȷʵǺء
Ȼʢ֮ʿ
˿ˮˣһԼõԴԱ֤ǵҵܹɹ
ֱӰԼСˣ㷭˷ȻϣⶼʶķˡϵԶнⲻҪֻҪһ㷢չǻǺܻġӺЩҵңҲʶǰӻȥǵλι۹ˣ·Ҳ㣬Ҫһ⡣
˵ҵˣǸĶľսˡ
ʶôˣ
ʱ˼ˣңҲûʲô֮ǰ֯µġ
ŶͷҲУʶˣԺ֮ķ㡣
⻹ԴֲڵĽԼˡ
ͳũҵĸسθس
ϵͳ˵λθسͬһϵͳء
ʵͲµ˵㣬Ͼպεģֻһ֮ǰǻᵽǺθس֧Сϴ幤ſչġһͲˣúԼһ㣬Ժ¶ҲúȥȡȻϻǾȵԭθس尡Ϊ˵ˣҪȻҶ
Ǻ
Цһõлˡ
ǵãҲʵʵ˵
ʱŵ˽ģùЩ쵼̫ܸ¶ˣСϴĹҪǿԼ壬ҲʩչԾ硣
Сϴ廹еԵ֣Ӧû֧Ĺ
ڿȻûչˡ
ۺһԴ¶ͺܺðˣȡ𷴶ԾˣĵǲöأΪҷչ֮·Աͬ־ֳ
ĿǰĿƼˮƽũҵˮƽ˵ʱҲֻһ·ˡΪСϴѰһЩũƷģʱֲҵûǸˮƽӶҲ
ʱҲʱĺô
ʮ֮󣬱ȾѹĺڿɻǸɸɾȻȾġ
֮ԱȾҲǺΪ˽裬һЩȾĹ
Ҳûֻ׬Ǯƶ¸˷ԭԼһ鱦ء
ˣɲ̣ˡɽˮ÷羰뱣ס
Щľ۱衣
ʵôǣ
Ա֮Բȥɣ¿Ǯ׬Ǯѡ¶ʵҲð졣
̫˽ˣȻͬһˣһҲǻӰģ롣
ֱӵ׼ôӵȥǮаһƬÿÿӶһͶ㡣ǿʡ

Ǯ¶ģ˵ǽǮʵͶʣʱһ׬Ǯ
գȻһʱǣһô졣
̣ûסһô죿
˵𣿱ģһרҵˣõֳЩ㡣ȻǶһһҲҪʧܵ׼ɹ·ǰŷյġͬ־Ҫһǰľġ
ȣ֪ΪʲôŮͬ־ԼСȴܸɳɼ ⵨Ҳġ
ЩԱǿаĺֳôǮˣǻܲĶǵʱֱǳа˵ô
Ȼǻųа
鼤
뵽Ϊʲô糤ÿÿһˣΪѧ
糤ԱĿǺá֮ǰʵЩԱǴģǲ֪ô
ЦԱʵҲҲǮΪĻˮƽԼ˽ԣ˼ʱı仯˵ֱ׵㣬ǻûĺһǵɲĸ٣ҪǡΪǲͷǡ
˼򡭡ˡ
̾˼ϻãҵö糤ѧϰ
οǵǣҪ֮ǰо飬ռ͵ʱҲôҲһġ㲻ͬǣҺݹϵǾװݣҲһЩȥ⣬Ϊһɲģܲˡ
һ˵ģһ̨ˣ̸У;ãǸ¼쵼
쵼£Կ
ˣһһȣ;һˣѹ˵˵꯳ɳ̫ϧˡ
һ˵糤ҲҪСϴģԼҲʱһˡ
糤ľԼ֣糤˽𣿡
ҡͷ˷͹ˣҪǷ㣬ͺҽҲûȥʡ
ĵȥʣҲû˻ʵʵ˵ˡ
˵ʵе㸴ӡ
ߴһ֮࣬ǰҲģȻ˽һЩˡ
Ǻ֣糤ì
νìܣԷȡϺͼĴºšֱһϷ
ţüͷԽԽ
˵ʵڵģΪ˼벻ͳһءԼìܣΪôһȻʹӣ󻨸ڹ緢չ
ΪδһЩȻȱѧ˲ţѧٶδܶſʼʵеġԽڣֻɲһٴѡǱԭ˲ŽӰࡣʮǷչĺʱһͺоˡ
õʱôˡ
糤и׼
֣ҪµģʲôìܣҲܲ͵ģǺúðСϴһɹİС
һˣǲͬƹ㡭
ֻҪܱ֤СϴĹԿչľͲòġ
ֻܱ֤Ҫɵ£Ǻ£ûš
Ǿûˡһ㶼ġ
ҪʲôϺ꣬ʲôԱĹ硣ԱҪ㷢չ˭Ҳס
ص磬̬ˡ
ڰ칫ź˲裬ĥô
ȻΪ˹㷢չ϶ҲҪó㶫ģ㿿Լõ֧֣ҲԼġȻ飬ǵȻҪҲҪ
ɲʥˣʲôԺɼˣһǿɲС
°࣬ȥʳô˷ͶŻؼҳˣҲûͱ˽ӴҲ˽ӴĻᡣ
극Լ·úõ˯һԺæˣ
ڶһ磬Լﳵȥ߷˼ӡ
ҲûСϴϸϸĹ۲죬ֻ˸˽һ
ʵҲ࣬ɲʲβ롣
ʱ⡣Ҳٴᵽûɶ˲ſõĸоҪԼ
һ죬ڹ綼ǲӰײβǶҲ
ֱֹ֮ͣȥתˣһ֣糤칫ȥ
֣糤û뵽Ϻ˹ʲô
糤칫ƽʱſţҲţֻܲ鲻ԸĽӴˡ
Цŵ֣糤û㹤ɡ
ͬ־ˣˣҲֻܽӴˡ
ҲգЦŵҲû취Щļչˣⲻմˣ͹㱨һԼ뷨
ͷ˾λ֣ͬ־
Ըӡ
֣糤Щ죬ΪȻǹģʵģȥϺģҲûޡ
£Щĥˡ
ͺǻ㱨ûУ
ûأⲻǹﾭ÷չû㱨ⷽĹ
֣糤ԽˣŶ׼㱨ʲô
ȥСϴһˣǱ߸ɲҲӦչѡţҸҲ˽ߵĴͲܹäĿչұϾʵϰܹеũҵأǶԹĲΣԣ׼ȴһԵ㿴ɼҾȰϵĵúǺ֣糤Ϊҳеһ£ԺרŹСϴķչˡ
֣ⷬ糤һûӦ
ͬ־֪֪ʲôڷȨ
ҪǽˣҪ
ңȻԼ˵
⿴ŲϺ˰ҪȻֱӽϺˡõĽԼǲ鷳ϺҲܸ°
֣糤û̬ʵ飬Ҳûͺ˵
ⲻ׼һȥһȥ
֣糤
Լ֮ǰˣϺǱߵˡ
̽ͺϤԼȥ̸Ҳеġ
ɻҺͺǲ찡ϴһ棬Ҳʽʶġ
ǺôƼ
һ治أθسյģ֮ǰСϴṩһЩչϣθسãŽҵġҲǺͬ־˵ġ

ᣬˡ
֣糤¾ˡǺ͸سȻϺȥ˸˳ˮ飬˳ԼСŵ¶ˣͬ־ìܡ
Ϻ꣬ȻǴ˰̫ƻˡ
֣糤޵Ĳˡ
ͬʱС£ҲûϺǱͨˣҪȻԼ֪ʱҪϺ£ȥˡ
ǿԼԼ˸ˣȻǸˣ£Ƕһܱȶһ˺á
λﻹŵȨأȻԼҲܸʹӣչ˹ܹ£Լ˭ʹأ
ãĹƺܸӡ
˵֮ͣһ£֣糤ʲôʱȥҺ̸̸뾡Ľӹˡ
ʵҲûʲôýӵģѹûֹ˻ᡣ
֣糤Ⱥ˵˵ӸҲǿԵġ
񲻺˼ʵҲֹӹҲСϴ彨裬ùṩ֧֡
֣糤ǲ⣬չȷʵҪ֯ϵ֧֣Ҫʲô֧֣
Թ壬Сϴ滮ΪˮֳԵӣܹʽĳһС飬ҵ鳤ʵҲǸչ壬ȻһӹһǮ
֣糤ǰĵǺãǸ⣬̸Ǯɫͱˡ
̸Ǯ˸顣
ΪѵҾ֪һǮѶȣкһ˵˵
ᵽǣ֣糤ˡ
ɲܾܾܾˣϺǱߴӦˣìܾˡ
Ǯһ
ʱҪеεġ
һǮɲСĿ


257 
֣糤׼̯Ӹǡ
, ȥҺȥԼ´ɱӾߡ
ҲЦϡ
ǻڰ칫ĥͬ־ǲĲ˼զģͼ֣糤һǰһһˡ

һ۵ĸо
Ц, ѽѽ, λͬ־ôһˡͼҽڡ
, , Һ֣糤¶ġ
סˡ
֣糤ѵõЦ, ȷʵô¡
һ, 豭Լ˿ڲ, ʲô鰡
ѾЩˡ
֣糤, λ»㱨һ¹ɡ
Լ֣糤칫һ㱨˵һ飬ȻٴԼ뷨
ҲΪʾ𾪡
⻹Ϊᣬһ㵱ɲԾû𣿺ò׵ϸ糤, ȻǣԸȥһӵ¶
˵СأǸ˵Ƥǳ
Ȼͬ־ôҲ׼һ̯¶ģôһ֣Ҳ˳Լӹ¶ˡ
ٿԱߵļ, ־ˡ
ɻһء
ǿʼˡ
֣Թ, ̬ȶҲǺҪġ
һƫһߣһ߾Ϳ˳Ľӹ¶
Ѱˣüͷ
, һǮһŬ׬ģͽһ꣬һˡ
ᵽǮǾͻعˡ
һ򰡡һ˵㲻డ
һ罨軨ǿ϶ǲģҪֻһӣܾݳЩ
ˣ֮ǰռͣ·ֹĿˡһûпءʵǮ׼ȥĵطǮ綼֧ǮĿԵԲ˳ˡ
֣糤ô˵һǮóǣأ
Ǻһۣһˣƽʱ֪Ǻ
Цŵ飬ҾҲÿ֣糤ǹܾõġһ
¶Ǻƽʱܵö𣿡
ڴĿˣǵва
֣糤֣糤Ҳ˵ܾõģҪҵ¶ͶൣһЩˡ
Ҫ̯Ӹ֣糤ˡ
üͷȿȣҲǲԵģҾûǿġ
֣糤Ҳÿ
˼ˣ̫ˣ¶ͶˣҪǽͿᶨɣȲ뽻ӹȻչˡڶˣҵóŽ֮ǰ磬ҪȻֵõȼˡһż£⹤֪ôˣǸϽá
ʱȣߵļǺ֣糤ѵͳһټ糤ᡣϾ˵⡣
ʵǶʲôˮֳԵӲôע
ӹŵû˵񷢹Ƶġ
ǲǺܿá
֮ǰͳҲԭģԹ˶׬ġ
ǸעĹ⡣
Ϊ˴⣬ĽˮֳС¶Ҳͨˣ鳤θ鳤
ԱСϴһӸɲ
൱ǸһôҪְ񣬾Ͱ˴Ӹ糤ȨĸŪˡ
Ϊ˳ĽӹȨǺ֣糤ͬʱһǮĽʽ
ȻǽǻûҲһҲϣˣǽĿ档
ԴȫûȤҲûʽĹҲҪЩҪ𣬺Ǻ֣糤ôһ£鷳λ쵼ҷֵˣұ֤ɼŬΪǻڹҵһ¸֮·λ쵼ۡ
Ǻ֣糤ʱ࿴ۣ˼졣
ǵСհ㿴ôӡ
Ϊѣ⼸춼棬ͬ־ǶϤʵڲ֪ôӣλ쵼ɡҵȥϵˡ

Ϊû̬Ǻ֣糤˭Ҳ˭¶һӻû
֮󣬶û
ȺǺ֣糤ֱص칫˶ĥˣϾֱӵ˦ƹ¶ʵЩ߲մ˼
Ǹо񲻼򵥰ڸʲôֶΡ
ɵװɵ
ȻװģûҲôͿ
ˣ⿴ǱСˣˡ
ĿľΪ˸ʲôԵ㣬һǮ֡ʲôôܵȨȥЩ˵ɵɵˡ
˶Ϳˡ
ôҲȥˣʱҪǱ̬͸ˡ
ֻܰҧһ
Ųǣȫ˦ƹ˸ƻ֮󣬾ȥСϴҺһˡ
û뵽ô죬Ͱ¶ˣйʽµļ׼ˮֳԵӽСϴ壬鳤񣬸鳤
ҪǣȻŪһǮ
⡭ôŪģȵ
ǹ㷢չ飬統ȻóǮǮֻǰͶʶѡŰɡҽС칫ҾͽߣԺҾ߰칫ֳ
æĵͷǵģȥש齨裬оש顣
칫ҵ¶ʱһߣúϽټɲᣬ˶Ҫ
⻹еɲΪɶҪ¶
ҲȷʵǺҪ顣
˹ļ
ӿɰСϴĸɲˣȻֳ֪ǲܸҴ޴ĸı䣬ԵͺֵøˣǱĵġ
ĵĺӣԲ˿
ɲֻˡ
Ȼ绹ṩһǮʽ
ôǮ
糤ڽĹʲôָʾ𣿡
ʼ֪ͨ飬˵׼ֳҪ빤ˣÿÿһÿ¹ʰ˿ǮҲÿ춼ְƣһ¿ܾ͸ʮ
˲ٰСϴӣһ221˼ңˣҲȥ𣿡
ʲôһڣһˡ
С
Ͻ¼š
֪ͨһǽˮֳ֮󣬺úѧϰһοˣͨ˵ĿԳΪֳʽˣһ¶ʮǮʣڷϺûͨ˵ĹˣҪȥ
ʮɲٰ
ɲǶˡ
ǵɲûһ¶ʮ
ڲҲнƵģֳӯ֮óٷ֮ҷ𡣡
ҲǳСһôĿСɵĺãǿԷġ
һɲŵٷ֮壬Ƕٰ
Ҫиһǧɡ
ɰѴŻˣģǷԱϣҲʮˣǲ˵һҪʮ𣿼µĹʰ
Ҳˣ⣬
ȻøҸ׬Ǯˣ÷ͱ뷢װ׵ģģôͲأ
ɲǶʱЦ
ҪǮ糤
ԭһûԼСһԱģ֪ܷ֮󣬶ʼԼСԱˡҲ޲øϽ⵭ˮֳ


258 
ĸɲûɶ, ȲһЩλĹ˸áرǻɲʶ٣˵ˡ
С, Ϊܹ¡
Աɵĺ, 鳤ܸǷɲҲǲʥˣ, ҲҪҺڵ
Ϊ, ϱĵ·, ĸ뽱ûк֮, ҲԸΪЩϵĽŬ
ȻЧҲǺܺõġҵ鶼ˣչʮֵĻ
Сϴ廹ͷһθô, ϴκǶû⶯, ǸҿᣬôҸҸϻа㣬ûͬ⡣
κǶԼ, ǸˡԼаƬĺ׼רŸֳ׬ǮⱾûɶϵǸɲ˵ˣҪйÿÿһ, ˣҲһ
˲ȡְ, һ¹ʮ죬õ˿ǮĹʡ
һοˣɵĺõģܹΪֳʽ, һöʮԪʡ
ЩʶƶģûԴСϴ˵Ǿú¶ڿһĸо
ʼˣĴʲôʱʼйЩʲô˶ܲܶలһ֮Ļ
ȴӲʽļ֮󣬴Ӱ칫ҵżҪȻˡ
ʱЩ˻治ǲϽ¸˼ǲ밴֮ǰǷ
˵ˣڲͶ룬Ҫɱ¸
˵ɵɣ˼Ҿء
Ϊѯ˶࣬ɴöٿһȫԱᣬҲһ顣
ȫӸɲ֪ͨ£¹֮СϴٿһȫԱᡣ
˸ڹСϴֳԵӻ顣
վʱһ̨棬ŴȺ
ЩİģҲԼʶģ߲ʶԱǣ黹ͦģоԼƺصǰСϴһ
Ǹ㽨ˡ
λǣ밲ţȻ᳡ˣֿʼǻڹũҵĸ糤ҽ֮ǰСϴģʵľòжˣѡСϴΪֳԵӡڹѾСϴֳԵ㹤С飬С鳤ǺǸ鳤δǽСϴƬ˹ֳˮΪ˱֤˳չǾСϴҸƸˣҸ̶һ
й¶Լ˵һ顣
Աֺˣ˿ڶզ찡Ǽûּңʮء
ǰǼ˶࣬׳
һԣһ˵š
ǲȡ̭ƣҸֻһ˹֮ǽпˣתΪֳȫְˣ˺ϸģԭְ񣬿˲ϸģͳȥ
ּһ䣬ͷҲΪ¶ŷּˣǾѾˣ߶е׶ּҵĲ㡣
СϴԱǣ⸱糤զ֪Ҫզɵġ
ûҲżǻڶ￪һֳרҵ̴࣬νˮֳѧ֮ҲԲμӿˣϵҲܳΪֳĹˣʱųɼǷ乤ʱ׼һ°˿Ǯģһ¶ʮġ
ϢٴԱǷ
ҪֻһһҪżڻأֻҪȥμѵ࣬ѧ˾С
Ȼ˼ͷ糤۲ʶֵôѧ
̲סࡣǻϰյ״ëƤ¶࣬Ҳࡣ㲻ǽ˵ѡ
Ц԰äأٿһɨäࡣʶֵȥʶ֡ܲЩԱͬ־ûйƽĻᣬǲǣ
ɸˣСϴäһѰʶֵû١
ɨäҲҶæŸɻȥˣⷽûʲôȤ
Լһˣӵˣѧѧνֲȥˡ
ˣҪˡ
֮ЩԱǾͰΧסˣһЩ⣬йԼƼֳѡˡ
ǻ뵽һ취ܲϴɣ¸϶ɣӰͥгֵܼܲܡҲӰĹ
ɲǶԹˣǺصģһһһһԽ
Ц˵öԣгͼͥϵҲҪɣǾֻֻɲҪˡ
ɲǶСϴ屾ˣȻԼ˲ˣһ糤˿ڣܲ˵鷳ɣϽΪӦõġ
û¶ҲҪĲѵ࣬ҪȻһ£ѧ£Źѧϰͺ׳Կͷȫˢˡ
СϴԱ糤⻰еȷʵԿСϴҪѵˣʱȥҲ
й¶СϴԱǳֵıԼĻ顣
˸ɲóһʱģϹˡ
ܹûɲˣ̫˽ЩԱ뷨ˡ
ɲæŸǼǵʱͺȥ߲鿴ֳ
ԼҲһֳҲЩջ񣬿ǻѾһصˡ
Ҫ滮
ȻԼ㣬ר¶
ֺͼص飬һ˿ɲָֻŵġ
Сϴһ飬ǻͷȦϼǺš죬ҾȥרҵԱָȡڹ֮ǰ硣
ЩǣⶼѮˣü𣿡
ֻҪЧʸߣüġҪʱȣܴһǿԣʱ䣬ĥ󹤡
糤Ƕǡ
ƽʱûµʱ򣬶ǹͨ˵öˣˡȺгģҲڸɲɳġôܲأ
죬һ˱ˣΪûרҵʦѵԶȿɨäࡣð죬֮ǰͿɨä࣬ڻԭˡ
ڽɨäˣûƵģԸĶѧ
߽ɨäѧϰ
վſڿ棬ϸĴϣѰϤݡ
ҳüˡ
δѾϵӵˣȴഺ硣
񻹼ǵɲǩֵʱΪֲд̵ĳ
д֮Цĺ񣬡ǿһӣǴ
뵽ЩЦˣ૵Ժɲҽдˡ
Сϴ幤չ֮ͻعˡ
⼸ģ칫Ҷûȥ
ҶҪˡ
˹磬ҲֱȥҺǺ֣糤ҵۺϰ칫Σп㹤Ҳͦѣ⼸ۻˡ
ε湤ǲÿչǷ֪ͨЩ˶
̾ҲҺйͬ־ҷֵҪȻһѲ㹤ˣλͬ־ҷֵĹѽҵøлл
Цл˿ɲ٣Ҷֵˡ
Ҳ֪Ǻ֣糤ôģǸ˴ԸĹָˡ
Ҳãܲ˭Ӳˣͷˡ
λѾ֪֮ǰ鲻ԾˣҲпΪβôƽ
ǲģԼҲûʲôΥɵ顣λ˶ѡ
Ǹ߲ˣԼҲûϵ
֪ˣҲϽιȥ
ε湤ͦ۵ˣ˭ˡ
ߣһͬ־˼ǶࡣЩ
񵽵ģȻͬһģˡ
μӣЩˣͬ
ǸŮͬ־ʮͷļƣҲӷԵù˵㡣һʵϰ޶ѣôݲأ
ǣæСϴĹԺΪѣ뿪ߣҲ˶ˡ
ǵҲûʲôҲˡ
ǻˡˣһǸϲȨģǿ鷳ˡ
άԭĺá
ΨһƵǣ֪ô֪쵼ϡ˵ûĿ˵ʹӣСϴȥˡ˶У°˸ˡ
Ѱ졣
ɴȥˣ۲Ĳ
񷴶ˡ
ͺٵģ׼ȥԴȥ


259 
νֲЦ, ž΢ЦĲٺˡ
ǣϺð緹û, ɲܶŶӹ, ǸıǮ, ϸɲ㣬Ҫˡ
Ǻϵһأ⻰Ȳȥˡ
˳ˣͬ־ôһˣæСϴĹ𣿡
Ǳ߹, źþû쵼ǻ㱨ˣͻ㱨˳١
٣ʲô, Źûðɡ
ЦҲ, ǳ, ҪǸֳ, ԼҲ׼ЩԱæҪ, ܴ𣿡
ͬ־
ﰡ, Ҳͬѧϵ, Ҳһ, һȥԿϾڹĹֳȥ, ֵҲûʲô, ܸܲɿ, ʱ쵼˵Ըɷ, Ҳ˼
˼˵¶
ǶʱЩ, ǵһҡԼóĹڻô˵
һֱ˵ˣǸѧֱǸԼºŸС
ȻͳȥԴɣҲȷʵʲôǸġ
Ҳҵʱúñƾ֤Ҳ
ǵͷ
ȸ㹤㱨ɡ
ҲС׼æЩʲôбµ˵ʲôɼˡ
ȫӶɨäΪɨä֮أ׼øɲڶ˵ʱˣ泡ھæ¶
ɨäʱ

˵ҶطϤʱҲҳȥܲҵʲôԴٽһ
׼֮ȥǵͷ
źĳӣȥʰʰˣ칫Ҷûȥ
ڹڸвǿҲû֪ûߣ֪뿪ˣȻСÿ컹Ҫָ糤ɨ칫ңʱ쵼ˣһҳ
СµΣ˵λ糤ɵĳ統糤һ¶ܣûʲôȨ
β˵ûȨҲһСආǿ쵼ǵ¶ʲôúõİ﹤á
ŶС¸ϽȥĨӡ
ˣǾͨѶԱȥСϴСϴĶӳϿɽˡ
ϿɽСϴ屾ˣʮ굱ϴӳ˺üˣҲʮˡ
ӳҲǺġ
֪ǸʵˣʲʲôͰϿɽйˡ
糤ˣ¶֪ɡ
ʵ
϶ӳϽ֪֪糤ߵʱ˵ˣ˵Ҫȥüء
ǵǶ﹤չ˳ɡ
Уͦġ϶ӳʵ
ǵͷʱ䣬糤ǶĹһ㱨һ£Ǹˣ׳Щͬ־üලָ
϶ӳ糤ҲͦģöֿʼɨäˣȻһЩʱ泡ʱǮãͦ
Щ
Щ϶ӳ
϶ӳҲҶ˵糤ߵʱɶˣСϴ廹ûɼױ쵼ϣʱҵ¶ˣ˵ʲôɲˣЩԱĹûˣʱǵñЩԱǸˡֻܺ˵䡣
Ǽ˵Ĳ࣬ˣСҲûʲôó
ɨä¶ɼˡ
ô϶ӳɽͬ־ҲҴģұ㵣ǵģʱˣ´лᣬҿ϶Ҫ㵣εġ
ް϶ӳʵɲ治õرСϴ嵱ɲԼˣˣ˸ɲ磬ø˵ķ˭ҼѼ˶ּҲҪҲҪȥ
ȷȷʵʵ͡
ǵԷƱ㻹ǺġԺ󰡣糤ʲôҲһ㱨һ¡ᣬ׳档
϶ӳæĵͷˡ
Ҳϸɲˣ֪˵ʲô˼ⲻල糤
ôأλڿСϴĴֵܣֵܣӣֶӣֶӡǶָŵء
ôܻᵱͽأ

ûܺǱɶСس֮Ⱦȥʾִ绰
绰ϷģϴγԹļҵ
֪ҪΪˣ϶֪ܶϢǱȥˡ
Ȼӵ绰Ļϸ˶ӹˣϷǱߡ
ĵһĿϿҲˡ
λΪԼҶĶ˵¶ûȥ׶ˡϷҲ٣λΪеŻ
˵绰ָ֮׶Ǳߴ˵绰ϾϴȥϷûԪкԪЩˣڸɴһ
֪ԪϷȥˡ
ǰæתһ˵ԼҪȥϷˡ
ҵ绰֮һҲûϳֱʡǣȻֱȥϷ
𳵽Ϸĵشͷ˴ı仯ˣŰû仯ˡпҵǿģҪıһطʵ̫Чˡôĵط˵͸ˡ
˻𳵣̧ͷһվ޹ˡ
ʦ
תȥͿԪ鴩һɫĶ߹ˣͷҲ˵㣬ʮˬ߽˻ŵˬˮζ
Ԫ̫ˡϲ
Ȼɫ˵㣬ǾϲҲȷʵеġϾԶˡ
׶ص˵Ϸˡ鿴˴ӺΨһһ೵֪ʱˡ
Ԫ
ԪЦûʲôΨĶѡ˵Ҫ
ô˼أ
ʿò
ҲûٿǸԪš
Ԫۿ£ʦˡ
⼸æȣҲԲʲô
Ԫû˾ϳ֮ûʲô̫һƿ֭
лĲˣĿܡԪϸĵĳ̶ȣ˼ҷû˵ġ
ҪԪͻǺġ
Ԫ鷢֮󣬾ؼȥסǶӹΪ˱ӣһסһӶС
ܾˣò㡣
ԼɵģǸŮͬ־ûʲôǸͬ־˵塣
ȻûǷ˼ܷס˵졣
ǾȥԪķסɣǱ߻á
ԣллԪˡʵǹ㡣
Ԫͷ֪
ԪϷҵͦģ޵ķҲʮɡ
⻹رá
ҲԪռȻˣǰ˷꣬ڳɾ֮ر࣬Ǯˣշٸ߶ܣһˡ
Ԫķ껹װ˵ݡ񱻰ס˶¥Ĵ׼䡣
һⳡ棬ĬĬԼܹķãʱЩˡ
û뵽Ԫķô
ֻΪд΢õ㣬Ҳֻһ룬һ룬Լһ룬ܵġ
һͲˡ
ΪһɲҾûӦԽڼΪ¡ô׷ס̫˷ˣҪ
ûʲôƽʱǿŵģ㲻סҲûסԪкѵķ䣬ʦҪ
ԣ֪˵٣˼ҶôˣԼŤ󣬵ԵСˣǻǵøǮҪԪҴ۾УҳǮý쵼ΪȼٵģԱ
ȻԣԪЦŵϢȥųԵģһԸ
OK
ơ
ԪˣݻĴ׼䣬һ뷨ڵȻǿ
Ҫסַ䣬ԺôȥסСӰ
ͬ־Ҫʱ̼ǵãһɲĬĬ


260 
ٵϴ, һ·ĸɾˣĳ, зԱ, ֱȥ¥µİԷ
Ԫ¥ºȲ, ˣ÷Աϲˡ
ֻоֱ̫ˣ;˱ĸо
Ԫлд, ҪȻһߣƵĳԵͷõĴ
ԪЦŵ, ǻһϻ𣬳⿿ѡʦѲô
ԪȻĻо͸, ִҲرǿ, ˵ЦЦ
Ҳʦ֮ǰ̵ĺá
ϰԻ䡣
͵õ, ֱӣǿθСˡ
ϲȵĺơ
, ̵ġ
һ, , ˾Ƴ˲, ˵ԼĿġ
Ҳҵ, û׼Ҫλ֡Ȼ, ǾԪߵġ
Ҳĵ, ֮ͨǰ֪˵, ԪѾ, СϴĿʵڸԪʲô棬ԪͶʡ
Ԫ֮󣬾͵Ҳоˮֳⷽ棬ЩȤ
ЦԪѣһ治㡣ΪҪģͨ׵Ǯ룬˵ҲǮҺԱԼɵʱҾͲҵͶʲιˣֳʱȫԱԪж档һ棬ҲѼһҪЩҵҶ½лûжֻʱռʱδٺ͸ˡ
ɣԪĪЩˡĶŻῼ档Ǳˣֻº޲õĳ׵סȻûǮ׬ģܱ֤˻֧Ǯ˵ʲô
׼ҿھ֮ǰСˣҪ׼Ǻ
Ԫԣ˼·ǿС
ǸһȷʵЩͷۡ
֮ǰⲻ󣬺ֱĶӸֳ飬˲˵ˡ
Ϊδǰ˭ܿпˡ
Ҳǵһˣѵ֪ӵ飬Ҳ֪Ǵοɵˡ
ҶǻĸɲԹ˽ϹġҾ棬Ҳ׼ɲûʲôӰ졣Ӱ죬ŪƧȥҲȫҡ
Ԫ֪ʲôա
ЦͲ£ɲ㵱ˣ
һ㶣ȻЦҲ£ҵʱȥ廧Ҳҵ֮ҾȥƧͶʡʱԪҪչҵⰡ
һԪЦžٱ
˷׼ȥϿˡ
Լ÷ĵ绰Լġ
ϿǻǵӦһ档
ԪҪȥ𣿡
ãҪǿһ֣ܻΪʲôıȻҲȷʵ⡣
Ԫ̲סЦ
ȥɣҪǲУԪ֧㡣
ллϵú͵ѡԪȺԵһˡ
ȻֱλԪǸʲôأҲû͸Ǿͳ¶Ʒʣֵÿ϶ˡ
Ǹˡ
ԼĿеķֹ˾
Ϊ֮ǰԼˣǺܷͼϿ
λӹƹĲãͷϴμʱ˲١
ŶãҲһɡ
þòˡ
С㰡ӦóΪͬ־
ЦƺüƽϣôӦô
סϿ˵ϴҲι۹ˣǵǵԼ
ǰźûԼԼ뿪׶ˣƸûˡ;öԲס
㣬ϿЦЦֻЦЩǿңʲôɡ
Цȷʵһ׮¶Ҳ֮ǰͿʶҲź˼ڡȰ˵ٸô
Ͽͷá
ͰԼ㹤׼Ǳ߿չˮֳ˵һ顣
ǵĸɲҲ֧֣רųĿС飬ΨһǷȱľʽڻôҲˣ涼ԣرص㷢չϷǶ͸ܲˡҿ֪Ϊˣ϶Ҳ֪׬ʲôǮģǾԲǮС׬ⶼεģҪǿԸԼǺʡԿꡣ
ϿҲûʲô뷨λҪǮˣԼҲ᲻ӣһģҲǸ˼ٶͶʲܡĻüһꣿ
ǵģϷ㾭ãӦҲ֪ڵߣѾ÷תˣũҲڽиĸ֯Ҳũͬ־¸ĵ·ġǳɹˣǾ߳һũ¸ĵ·ʱǻдƪⷽҲԿ֮ǰǺԪĺ϶ȫЧԡ˭̸ԪĴָ
ϿԪҵǳ˸õļ̳˰Ǹˡ
ǼԥԥʱѾǰͷˣǴֱʰߣ˭ҲȲͶȡ
õԴǶõԴ
ЦڿѲҲһᡣǺƵشвδҲǷչصأҲԳλںƴδƸͶʵʱ򣬸һЩ
˵Щôȫ˵˿ͷˡ
⣬ͶѾ⣬Ƕǿٵľ
ΪˣǶһ䣬㲻ǺԪôôõ飬ȥǣ
Цҡͷ֮ǰ¶̫ˣ̲ȻˣҲֻԪ˵ǱʱˣҵǺͿʶġ
˵ϿˡҪ񲻱ߣҲ̯ˣҲ˵Ӵߵľ 
̲סͬ־һλŮʿҪҶӴߵͬ־ҿҪ͵Цˡ
Ҳô߰
εûϸˣ벻Сۡ
ֵʲôϿһԽԽ
ؼӻ˦ˣλСȥ˹ڿֽ˴ѧѧϰʶһλˡ
Ȼֶ˵飬ǲͱ˵ģ̫ˡ
Ȼͬ־˵ôĺôҶͬ־ΣҲԥˣͶʣǿӦˡ
΢΢һЦ֪Ͷȡ
öٺʣ
ʮҾÿٵͶʣ档
ϿһЦҵǿˣҼǵϴԪɡ
ǲһȫʵͶʡҪʵʳɲҪۡҲΪɲ׼򡣡
ĸɲȷʵ㣬ͶҲˡãʮ򡣡
һʱ䣬õ˿ʮͶʡ
ȻǷ֧ģһ֧ʮ򡣺ٷθ
ҲǽģǻҪȥ泡ιۿ죬̫ˣѪ޹顣
΢СͶʣҲǽġ
صסķ꣬ͺͻԪ˵¶ЦԪҲа˿С𣿡
ҲǷģСҪȥ֧ȡ
ԪȻϣЦŵôܣҺʦֻѡλȷʵʹˣȱ˵ĺˬ
Ҳô˵⻹ҪģҵͶˣԪɲܵҵ˵
ǸԪһЦԷҲףɹ
ҡͷɣ˵һͱôӴסĺãԵúãҪһֱȥͲˡ
ԪҪԪɱˣȻѣҲһɲһֱ룬ˣܵġȻԺżˣ˽ݹΣдңұضֻֻûУ˽ΪһɲҲҪעġ
ԪãʦôһرˣǾܾ˵Ļ
ǺãҾͲʦˡҽʦ룬һԷּһ䣬ʦǮ
ûԪԣȥ˸һ
˵ʵҲˣҲƽʱǮ٣ҲеģżݳһҲǳԵġ
˳ŷԪͰѻˮֳ費Ҫ֧֣԰æṩ˲ţۣԪҲ԰æ
ˣԱУǴѧʦƼģרˮֳоġҲˣڻΪ˽ҵ⣬ָ֧廧׼СϴһˮֳţȻ̣û
Ԫһͼˣ׼Ʒƣ
˿㣬Цŵͷ
ֳҪþõȥͱƷôõĻδڶˡ
Ԫ鿴о㶼Щˡ
ʦĺˡ


261 
ԵĲ, ȥˣĳƱȥˡܰʣµ꣬ǩЭѡ, ȥˡ
Ԫü, ô죬ŵġ
٣ǹҪЧʲСҲˣһж˳һȥ֮ҪȥǵļԱȵ˶Ҫʼˣȡ·ݲ䲻ˡ

ԪĬƬ̣һʦȥι, ϴβǸһЩ, Ҳ˵㳢ԣҲûʦȥ, ָָ㡣
ȻȤ, ԪЩԣ
˼Ƽ֮⣬һṩĸ, ҹУڸһ׼ΪṩҽƲ, С, Ԫҽ, úܵ͡
̫ˡϲԪĺܺˣЩԸ˴ܴİ, رҽһ, ͥѿܲȥС, ʱ󲡣Ԫһ°
ԪҲǹӦƸ˸ˣеĹ˵ļҲ󡣶ΪƼˣ˹Ҳˡ
ԶԼϰġ
ʦ˵Ķԣȥָָ㡣
̸ָϣҵȥѧϰЦ
ԪҲЦˣӭ֮
ڴ׷˯һ
Ǵϴּ䣬ֱû˵
ǴͺһĴ治һ˯ȥȫĲ붯ˣΣԼ˯һƬƶֱ̾
һθпǮȻǲһġ
Ϣˣڶһ磬緹ȥ˿ǩЭ顣
Эݺܼ򵥣ֻͶǮ˰ٷ֮ʮŵĹɣȺ֮з䣬׬Ǯ˹黹õı֮⣬׬˹ʣֳɱٷ֮ʮŷ֡ȻǮˣҲҪһеաĿøˡ
ҲͶʷʽˡΪҲôһڡ׬Ǯ֮󣬿Ҫ˳ˡ
ǩЭ֮뿪ˣڵһʮǮҪüȥ˻ȻʱǮֱӴָ˻档
⵹ʡ¶٣ҪϴʮƱǿҪŵ˯žˡ
£뿪ţԪͿųڲԶˡ
ҲǸմӹ˾źùϹġ
ʱ̫ˣҪദҪֶ롣
¶ˬڳ϶Цݡ
ʦܺðԪ߿ߵ
Ц˷ϲ¾ˬ
ԪϲԽ˽ˣҲЦˡ
˻ȥϴȥĹ
ԪͯٵģǸģǾһЩʵĹˣɻЧʻȽϸߡ
ԪЩ䲻ĺӣϰʱ䶼ƵģȻѧҲЭ飬ڱΪԪ꣬ǰˣѧҲҪԪġ
Ҳ⣬Ҫ볤ãضҪ˫棬һ渶϶ǲõġ
ԪҲȥ˳ѧУһЩֻҡڻ׼ͼң˿ѧϰ
֮ǰι۵ĹԪЩǱȽˡ
ǻչƵƣֻҪͨϵѧϰԽһֱýĻᡣЩҲȷʵһЩ˲ţҲ֪سǣеĻûйҲԪιˡ
õģԪ˴ϣ
Ԫֻ˵㳢ԣϴʦ˵ĻҾúеȻڳɱȷʵˣǳڿԼŷչġʱҿ׬ǮʱѾȥˡҲʱҡ
Ҫϴһˣָߴ֮Ȼ໨˵ɱʵҲûжǮǹͶȷʵ˺ܶࡣмΪ֮ҲԽʶ˵Щĵ
˲ҲһֺҪľԴ
ٿʦ˵ӣˡ
ԪΪ˸ŹҲԼĻرǻԵԪͶʵġ
ϣ˰ɣ⣬ҲֻرԪ󷽵·׬Ǯûôء
ЦŵͷҲԣֻһʽȫΪԼϲ㸶ҲǺ顣ԺԪԼǮб˼ĶԵÿ顣
˼Ķ
ԪԼǿյģЩĴӣٿǰ
ʦ׬ǮȷʵҲûô˼
ûǮҲеģûǮʦȲϲˡ
Ϊ˲ι۹һ죬һԪķһٳʦġҳˡڶ죬뿪С
Ԫվ
ĸмˣһͷûԣˡ
ò˵ԪڵЩõģľԪǸˣԺ׬Ǯ¶ˣ׬Ǯ
֮䣬ģܱóˣԼһ㶼ãԵúܲġ
ΪһøɲԼѺúҵұദģʽ
ԪҲлˣԺóʵʵ
ԪһЦ۾ˣʲôʵʵģ
ȻͶ׬ǮҪҵ׬ǮĺĿһ㡣
Ԫ飺ãҾ͵ʦϢˡ
ͷ
ԪǶôϤˣԺ󻹳ƺԪʦǲǲʣ
룬ҲǣԺ˽ͳƺԷְɡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦü۶˼֣񡣡
Ԫ顣
˶ЦЩϰߡ
ЩЦֺر𰡣
ԪЦүүȡģΪĹΣҺܲұѡˡֿڻȦܵٳЦ
ʵ壬ҲȷʵʵĹˡ
ֻʱˡ
ǰǸʱҲ˿Դչȭŵʱ
ӷչˣԼСȻȥŶӺ򳵡
˳֮˸ųҲ֡
εûаԵĴڱ˵ˣԼ̾˿
һ˰ǲ˵ģԼиҪҪɲܻ˼Щܵ¶档
Ҳ˵˼ûǸ˼УѻʣҪŪɸܵĹϵˣֹܸ洵δѶˡ
Ͼ˭ҲܲԼĶƶƶ
ǱõĺϵɡɲΪԼǵ˽ĵ¶
ЦſŴķ羰ٴοԪʱָֻƽˡ
ŻԶȥԪҲǳһ̧ͷ˿죬鶼ûиոôˡ
𳵰ĺˡ
غƵ·ϣҲڻϽƻˡǮˣȥͰѼԱȥȻͿԿչˣ·ӣ̵һЩˮ붬еһջ񣬿еڶҲ⼸µʱˡ
ʡǣֱƴѧˮֳо
ΪƵĵˮԴ࣬ǵĵˮֳҲġ
ϳһЩֳϣһҲǺˮоġ
ҪҵģΡ
⻹Լѧڵܺλμ档
ҲԼĺôǺЩҵҽʶǺЩ֪ʶл棬ϴѧ֮еĻᡣ
ҪǵռĹϵͿǰռ¸ˡ
ҲΪĶԱȣž⼸û׹
ڴһСϴ壬һѹûУʮġ
оרŹˮֳġ
ֹоֳоˮֳ
ҲһλʮֽӵϽڡƽʱҲڴѧڿεģżٵĻǲרĸо
֪ͬѧѧںƻ£ʹӦ
ؽڻ׵ͷݵģ۾ЦҲȽϺͰʵ㹤ò
ЦͦģԱ¸鶼ǿңܻǵĹ׼Ǳ߸ˮֳ¸Ҳõ˹ԼԱĻ֧֣¾㱸ֻǷˣԾˡ
ؽһ٣Ҳرĺá
ϵЩֳ飬ǿ𣿡
˵ҶᣬʱͲˣɼѧϰͶ治ͬ
ؽЦЩǶҪʵϵġûäĿĳȷġҪʲôأ
ҪָǵļԱؽڣһǵͶ뻹ǺܴģǺнʮƽǧף׼֮һֳΪĿǰΪֹǺƻûôֳ⿿Լ϶ǲеģרҵʿְֵĽǣȻֳоͬ־룬ҲԺһдֳĹ۲죬˵ǲǣЩԱҲоı׼
ͬ־ҶûܾˡؽЦȻģҲǸģȻǻ֧ǵģˮֳĳɱҲͣˮҲһܳеʽͶ𣿡
ǮʮеԵģǻ˹ҵŵĴʽͶ룬ͶʮͶΪʮרŽֳ
ʮ򡭡Ը⣿
Э鶼ǩˣҰ˻ǾʹǮ¶ҿ϶ƭ
˵óԼǷЭ顣
ؽû⻹ʲôεģҲƭˡ
УֻҪͶ뷽ģ棬Ҹ㰲ˡһֱפֳһڽ
м̫лˣĺ ˡ
Ǹ«ô̳ôѧˣؽֵòˡ
ҲЦĻĻ
ѧУڷ٣ооͦġ
ؽڵûѧǰ˼Աרоˮ㷽ġȥָϰ㡣
λԱΪԼ¶·ˣЩСơ
ˣ˵ĺ֣ؽ˵ҪΪҰļԱԭǶλʵ̫лǶǻϰ¸չ֧ˡ
ؽЦǶⷽоȽоġССţǿҪ̤̤ʵʵоһλᣬ糤ֳСֳҲ࣬ýֳ۲졣
ԱżԱʱ棬ֱͦˣ֤񡣡
ʡǵũп˻˵绰֮󣬾ֱӴλԱһСϴ塣
һ·Ҳ̸ˮֳǰרҵĲ̸ЩǺлĵġ
ϾҲоⷽ棬ȻоҪ۷⡣
λסˣ֪̫˽ˮֳĺôˡ
ЩֳģЦˮֳûôǿû۹⡣
СϴֻһԵ㣬ֻҪɹˣδǻڹȫƹˮֳͶˣֻҪɼˣ϶ҲҪѧģʱλ˴ˡ
ԱżԱæӦõӦõġ
һ·磬ҲûعȥֱȥСϴ塣


262 
СϴӵԱȻ, ĻҲǶʱ
ӾҪ·мĴ·ˣ, վֱ, 糤
Цź֣Ҹջȥ̸¶
ûɶټӣЩҲоͦŵʵ糤ǸǸ¶, ûʲô󶯾ѽ
лǹ, ϾҪˡİɡԱר̴ʡˡ
ԱżԱֱͦˡ
ԱĿ, ǲɶ, ֪ǻֳģرˡ
¶ûư, Ҫȥġ
ģҲûǹ, ˾ȥ½ĴӲ칫ˡ
½İ칫ں, ˻ʱ, ںʰˣҲǾȡ
, Ķûһء
ô簡˵
¶ͻ, , Ҹǽһ£λʡĸ߼Աˮֳһһĺãιרôæġ
ѣʡļԱǿ˲
Ҹ˰һ£ҲҲֻļԱˮƽɲС
ĺλ֡ɲҲ˵Ĺ֡
λԱһ·ˣȸǰסɡ
סݡпշ䡣
רһλ̸Ҫպõģʳ׼һһһ
ԱżԱŶ졣
Ա۾ⲻðɡ
ũ࣬Զ۸ı䲻ˣֻϾչ˵ˡλҲΪСϴӵ¸ģΪսҲҪǳԺõ㡣
ɰ˵ЩжһЩ˼ˡ
ҲĽûҲ֪Աѵá
˼ľ⹤ЧпܴۿˣҲϣ԰СϴҲÿίĵǰĳסʲôģͺͶｫǾɡ
˸˼ˡ
˵ʵڵģոսʱ򣬸оǻͦģʡǱԶˡ
Щʧ䣬ȻΪ˹ģǹ̫ҲӰԵġ
˼ôһ㣬ȫȫдǣȻǰǿĺܾġ
һԼǲܲˡ
ҪȻԲЩ
Ͻ϶ӳλȥϢڶͬ־ʰһ·ӡ
϶ӳʾԼϱϱջ
Ҳûͷͬˡ
϶ӳ͸λԱˡ
һߣ˷ܵ糤λֳ𣿡
ǾרŸⷽоģһ飬˵òã
ð϶á
һ˼һ飬Ǿòˡ糤Ȼб뵽ţ˹Сϴķչǿɾͺðˡ
ǣأ
Ǯ¶
Э˳Լ
ܶʮʽ𣬶ʱ˫۵ɵϴ󣬻˿ڿˮͰ͵ôôǮ
ɰɣð̨Ӵ˼Ҳעһڣ׬Ǯ֮ǾͳˡںʽǿԷڸǣǲż
ͷҲãϾԺ泡Աǵġ
磬ͺСϴĸɲǿ˸ᡣ
ʼ乤ˡ
ЩʶֵĹˣѾԿʼЩԱָ¿ʼˡϸǿѵ࣬λԱϿΡ
Ͻжˡ
Щɲֹ֪δλԱʮͶ֮һ첱Ӵֵġ
ЩɲⱲӶûôǮڶû˵
һŪôǮˣֱ롣
ǮˣҲǣ׬˲Ÿ˼ҷ֡
糤̫бˡ
Сϴĸɲ֮ǰ쵼ûռиӰ켸ʮ꣬ЩɲȻʲôҲԼСܹԣġ
ֻǿԼû
ڲûһǮܸ㷢չˣ˭ܲˣ
ǽŵ⣬¶ܺ˵
ôõϢҲʹҷһ¡һֺֺǡ
϶ӳҲͦţΪ֮ǰĶ¶û֮ǰͶʵ㡣
Цʲô˵ģȸ֮һ׼ЩϢֽأСϴĸﲽ¸·ǺϢ
ɲǶʱЦ
ĵǱߡ
һҪȥ㱨أ˵ġûʲô˵ģ͵ҲģԼͶʡ
ûɶõĵˣֻʣ˷ܣ
ʮ򰡣԰泡Ķģû뵽ԼδӸɲʱ򣬾ȻܸôĶȻԼģԺԼҲôһȡ
֪ˡ
֮ͻعȥˡ
Сϴĸɲһ̶û󣬾д֪ͨù׼ְ๤ˣ泡Ҫˡ
֪֮ͨ⣬ʡ˸߼ԱŪʮʽ¶˵ˡ
Աݵģ˼ҿбˣʡģļԱȴѧѧߣʲôоġ
ʮ򰡣ǵöǮҸɶٱ׬糤Ҳ̫б˰ɣͳȥô찡ҵǮ
ǿ治֪۾֪ŪôǮǸ泡ǿ϶ҪþõĸȥģԺ۹Ͷˡ
ҵǺ棬ͶôǮȥ¿ѵǸֳ׬Ǯ
Ա۷׷ס
Ҽһ˷ܲѡ
θ¶Сϴôһδ󶯾
ҶԱ˵ȫ¶
ͺһ̶ˮ˸ʯͷ˴ˮװЩ˵ȼˡ
֮ǰԥԥģ֪ǲҪԥҪҪμɨäѵģҲ˿ԥˡ
ﶼͶôˣǻܼٵģ
һλ͵ϴүԼ̣пôˣɲõ¶ˣǮϰԼǮһˡ
ԱŲǸأ糤ǲбµˡ˳㻹˾䣬һ;б¡
үĶϱЦ֮ǰ˵˼ᣬë²Ρ
ǰھ;б¡
СϴĴ¶ڱҪڸϢĻϣĺܿ죬Ͼʹڶȥˡ
Ҷһ϶ûúϢ¶
رǱĶģǺΣʮǵöǮ
Ҫǹ£Щ껹
Щ˲ţСϴ˴б۵ģ˼ɨä඼ˣѵҲҪˣĻʡļԱھ顣
ҹȥԼĸɲ¶
رǸڸ߼ҴӵģСϴĽƽʱ޹ϵҲƵġ
Ͼ߶һüȢ
һСϴ¶߼ҴӵҲˣ˿̣û¶ɣСϴҪô¶ô֮ǰûϢ
˵ǽǸյ糤Ŵġ
ǣǹҲû˵糤ǹҪ¶ǿ϶Ҳǹ¶
ӳ˼ֶӣǵʱȥȥ
ǳ˿̣ȥǵȥʡСϴƽʱҲţ
ҪҲûʲôôġ
߶ӳ
Сϴڹ磬ǳĵ͵ˣԱӶһƽʱ϶ȽϳĬϲѴţϲ˵ġΪѴţԻΡ
ôߵŻ˱ȽӡҪǻ˱ĶŶȻҪۿۡ
һϣֺģ絹ǰġûɶ
¶Ҳû֪˯һϣڶȥʳóԷҲ֪Ǹײβĸ糤ֻˡ
ȥǺ֣糤㱨ˡ
֣糤ǲ⣬ûϵϺŪˣֻҪ˲Ϻϻ£ùչ
ǾͲˣĥţôͻˣ鵽װûУ
ҲĥãԱ㣬Լ칫˱裬ˬȥҺǱˡ


263 
ڿ, Щá
Ǽͬһĵ¶ðϹԼˣȻԼ˽, Լǳ˵ġ
ҲûʲôЦ
Цӯӯ, ǣҸϲˡ
ʲôϲ£ͷһ
ǻڹĴҪˣγȥ°ʮ˳ֹҵ˺ʵļԱؼǣһ˿ŵʮͶʽ˵ǲϲ£
Ų豭ˮ, Բ豭Ӷòס, ˤˣϽæҵķ, ʵ, ʲôʮ򣿡
ǰ, ʮһֲ, һֲ١Ҫͷ, ˵ǲϲ°
˶ˡ
ƭҵİɡ
ü, ֹϵ飬ôƭأЭ鶼ǩˣֻû, Сϴ, ҰѼԱź, ǿ˻Żģһ㱨ˡðⱨùһ¡
˵ŽӸǡ
ǿۣѼϸַãһ˶ʮ˿顣
Ҫƽʱǵһõ̫ˣ˼һ¹ʸõˣż찡ɸոʮ֮ʮ˾Ͳɶˣ붼û͸ǩˣȻʵʮôŪģ
ȥϷЩҵ̸˵ũͬ־డҶ㽨裬ɽˮûǮ˼Ҿǲף֧ũ¸ĵ·ͬͶˡ
ƭ˭أЩҵҲϺ˰
Ǿû˵ʵҲû֤ݷܲ˵˼ҵҲǺˣֺ°ɡ
ʮ򰡡ôŪİ
ǺĲˣͬʱֺôľ͸Ūˡ
ġ
оʲô˭ʧȥһ
ھ˵һģƽʱû¶ǱߴˣԺ㱨Ƚ١
ɲУ⣬⹤Ҫ㱨ġˡ
ʮôҲȫŪСϴȥʲôֳˡ
̫˷ˣҪܸ潨裬ڹõŵĵطء
ǸǮ
ЦǱǮǱǮĿ˻ˣĿܡ
ôǮҲҪܵġ
Ӵòãǲģ۵˵ģСררãҪǷ빫ˣϹء˵ˣ˼ͶʵСϴ壬Ǯ׬֮ҲҪ˼ҵģ׼ŻǮ
Ƕʱ˵ˡ
ֻžʹ
Ȱŵͬ־Ҫǻڹĸ糤ҪĽ衣
ûʲôˣΨһľСϴĿˡ̯֡
ǣ
ˣǣ⹤㱨ˣҵˡæ
ǻģֱˡ
ͬ־
ȺǷӦʱ˶߲ˡ
Ƕʱվˣڰ칫תȦȦ
ҲʶˣСϴҪɲ֮ǰ˵ɨä࣬ʱġʮŪˣҪ¶
Ǯ֣ô飬ΪһǣôܲأǶԹĲΣ
룬׼Լ˿飬Сϴˮֳָʾר顣
߻ô֣糤µʱѾűǮСϴˣȥһ¶Ҫ㽨衣
ֳ潨跽ĹȫòģСϴĸɲ֯ʱλԱ̤̤ʵʵĸ ñ֤Ĺвκ⣬Լе䱸ø
绰ýϣС
źСϴĹͰѺˣȥҿɽ
һһгȥ
·Ͼͺͺ˵ϵˣͬ־Сϴ¶ʲô
糤Һ׵ġ
Ҳͬ־ΪɲǺҪģԺĸ߶⡣أȫȫɣ˵ʱҲóǶŪ绰ŪСȻǮˣǮõ棬Ͼ˼ǮͶʽ泡ģδˣǮҪ˼ҵġһǶһʣǲǣ
е
ˣҶˡ
Ǹܴͬ־ǺúðĿǾдõġĸĲɹƶϰշ¸Ưĳɼ
Ц
糤˵ĶԣһúøɵģҲš
иس壬ԼɼСϴ¶Ƴضһݵ¶ܰˣҪȥġôһƯδְĻỹܶ࣬ҲλûҪԽԼ塣
˿ԼҲҪˡ
úøɣɳɼ
˵ֱθس칫ҡ
Ϊũ淽ĸ糤ҲںθسϽģҲ֮С
θسҲ˵Ĵˣ֪ɳĳɼǸøɲ
һˣͷˣʵûҰˣΨһ뷨ǰԼֶӸ
Ե˵ǸøɲͰˡ
ֻû뵽һ͸ôľϲ
¶ȷˣܸʮ򣿡
ȷˣЭǩˣһʱʡǰ˻ǳŵ
θس˿ðǺ¶СհǸбµġ
һˣֱӺСˡ
ҲƳغɽˮЩҵҵΰ˼Ҳ֪Ǯ
ǰﻹǲģȻز֣ɽˮǲģرǵˮԴܹ࣬úõǺǵ
⻹ǰͶʣڵ泡ջ񼾽ˣǾ׼һˮ˾רŶˮģʱֹСϴ泡ӣԴҲõĻǮˡʱСϴ泡ǰΪЩ泡ṩṩţɹˣˮԴֿ۾ˡȡȫضܸСϴ·ӡ
ƻܺãθسܸˡ
ʵƳҲеˮۣǹģһ漼Уһ·Ǹ⡣
Щˮô棬һȥ͵ÿ·𣿡ʵ
ŵһǶ̣ڸ廧ҲʼˣܶҲԴֱڱֽϿǣѰҸ廧ˣṩʵˮԴڶҲǸ·ǺСȫ͵꣬ٴˮҲǿԵġȻҾҲϣԼ߳һ·ͱ˺ûԼá
θسֻܵϸ£ǰ··УǮҲУҲС¶иͷ
ķˣҪǸˣδƳӰʮִİ
СϴģʽǿԸƵģֻҪǸˣ˼Сϴ泡֮ҲԿʼΪṩˣӾûдʵʽҲԸ泡ˡ
·֮ũͬ־ҲῪʼ׬Ǯķӡ
һˣˮֳͻҶ׬Ǯˡ
θسû˼ģһҲˡ
ͼ
壬Ҳȼˣá
ڱˮ
θسüͷôأС˵ĲͦҿܺãܵС涼ˡ
һɲûҲʽʽҲһм߸ɴ벻·
СһӶȫˣ̫ˡ
糤һܵҰ¶ڹ֪ˣֻҪ¡
θسһ壬ܸʲôȫصĴ¶
ЦʵҲûʲôǽ㱨ʱ򣬺Ǯ¶ùڱĵطãûͬ⡣
֣ǮʲôãθسҲǶϸɲˣ֪ܲЩû
ǮǮ
ȻҲʶˣ绹пܸ¡
ôĿضҪͽġ
ɲУǴ¶ֹϵԼֶӵǰ;ǹϵũķչܵһ̯¶
ôˣܹһͷˣθسκ谭


264 
ΪԼ, ֶӣ˾ˡ
ժӣ
ĿͲֻڹˣĿ, ֵ֧Ŀ
θسϾĸɲһͬһϵͳĸɲɵ¶, Ҫƹ, ҲҪθسƹġҲȥСϴԵĹοԼֶӻءҪ, άסԵ㹤ɹ
¶ҵȥس, Ŀ, ָԵĿСպͺ, ¶˭Ҳ֡
Цŵ¶쵼š
θسͷ, ǵȵȡ
˵ȥس, Լˮûá
سܾõġ
ںθسϼ˹ϵҲ, ؼҲǺθسǸϺˣƽʱûɶҰ, ͰĹ
ôҲϸɲ, ԱסԼһ̯¶Ͷɹµġ
س칫ңѼ䣬ͽˡ˵Сϴķչ
سʮ, 긻ǿһˡƳǵӱ, ɵĳɼҲƽƽ, ֻάַչ, ˵㷢չ
ôƽƽ, ôҲǵسˣЩġҲеϽġ
θسһ㱨֮س˵վͬ־ǲͦģһͬ־˵¶һΪһѧûʲôûᣬû뵽ⲻľɼˡ
θسǲ¶û¶ܡڹǸ⡣
سͦΣΪɶأΪ֮ǰҲͷģʱĻڹ֮󣬾Ƽ˺ǣسʱҲֻһسú˹ĴǼɵıȽϺõˣǱȽϸߵģƽʱҲͦģʲôˣִеĺܿ졣
˭뵽֮󣬾ͱ˸Ƶġ
θسҲ˵ˣΧֳԵص¶˵ˣΪҪĿϾδҪȫƹģҲһЩͬ־Ϲָӡͬ־ôǸѧʶҲ㣬鶼ģҲŷġ
سҲͬ
˵ֻ˽飬϶Ҫģ˼ҶѼӴˣѾչԼˣȫԤˡƽĶۣûʮͶʡ
¶ȷġ
ǾͰͬ־СϴģֶӺҲǱ߰ɣȥܡӻҲ󡣡
θسЦȷʵЩ֮ǰ֪˲֪¶
ϺҲǺ˰سЦ
һ¶Ͷ˻ˡΪ¶ҪǮ˵ģҲҪʲôˣҲ֪ͨ˳ǺＸسô£سֱļǩָ£СϴǸأΪȫֳԵˣȫȨũĸ糤κ˲ܲ͡
سԼͺúõһ
ıʾѣͺᣬֻҪܰѹþˡ
سȷʵѡ
سƽʱӴ࣬˿ڡ
û绰ÿδ绰Ҫȥ磬⣬Ҳûй㲥豸֪ͨԱһһģӰЧʡÿÿйˣƽʱϹܲ㡣⻹ȱһϴ糤Ա߻ģɰ˼ҼԱۻˡ
سǲǮ𣿡
ʡʡɵҲãǮԸͶʣ׬Ǯ
ǰ泡ˣи簡Ժṩ
θس绰͹㲥豸û⣬Ǹӡ
ЩҵһҪСϴ忼죬úãܼͶʡҪҲýӴ
ҲΪѣܲȥ˼Щܲͷˡ
θس˿ȣ׼һġ
سس⳵ǵøȷʵҲҪһͨǰ°
ɲԼ¶⡣
س֪αˡҪȻϺ˵ȥ
УҲ߰˳µĳӹˣ֮ǰվ͸ǰɡ˾
ͺ¶Цݡ
лл֧֡
뿪س칫ңθس˵ЩˣҲҪԼŬˡúøɡ
Ժʹ˸񣬺а壬ǵҪһʱʲôܲüճɣʱȫζ
θسҪĻٰ
û취ӲͷƤǲҲôҲֵ֧㡣
Уٸһ
θسҲû취ˡ
ҪﲢԣֹȱǮȱֳ
Ψһһ乫˾λûʲôӡ
Щسûר
ԭλ˳ӹǻ׼Ūһרġ
Ƕ෬ǣθسǵöְ֧ܹ˽֧֡
ȥʱͺضġŵԱװ绰豸⻹й㲥豸
ͺڼճ棬˵гҲϷء
Ĳˣû뵽Լһר
ǰԼһξͲˡ
Ȼ˲ܺô
Ҫ糤ɼ쵼ǿõδùӣõĴ
úøɣȡԺԼר
ţĵͷ
Щŵģڸ糤ɣ;Լϣͦġ
ֻҪһֱ£;á
糤Ժ󲻻߰ɣҵ˻𣿡
ͦġ
֯Űɡǽ϶ߴŵġ
ڲһҪȶãǶʱġ
Ѿʮֿˣһռͣͻ˽ء
ر˵쵼ߵʱҴϰɣҸ¡
û˼ڣϾ쵼ǸŮͬ־⻰˵ܾòʡ
һ·𣬷Сϴȥʱ򣬺Ǻ֣糤Ҳӵĵ绰ˡ
سͺθسԴ绰µ֪ͨǣСϴֳأ¶ȫȨùƽʱϹ¶Ҫ͡
֮ṩ־ͱˡ
֣糤ŸմӺ֪£˲ΪҪһͳһսˣһͨ绰оЩۣʱƲѡ
ۺǣԼ׸һ
Ҳƣسе죬͵سô¶ôᣬǵĵʱ°
سôˣ鲻˰Ҳûʹһֵʲôɼ
ǣ
ˣľ˵žһҵ绰ˡ
ǣ
ŵͬ־֪ľ︱糤ͽ糤Һ¶㶨֮Ǯôáһ飬ҪװװһǾӦø֯ԱṩͱƷ
糤ôˣİ칤ˣöͬ־ĵӶȱһȡ
ĵǾӼȳŰɡ
һ㶣︱糤ǣʲô˼
˼ޱͷ˿Ҳ򵥰Ǽʶˡ绰ˣСϴֳģǲܲˡ
糤𾪣粻ǻһǮ𣿡
ʵȥҪ

ȥǮôҪĻ
ܿ죬綼֪רſ¶ûнˣ׻ˡ
СϴǸ¶Ժ˭Ҳ֣ܲ˼ֱӹŵġ
и׳нЩɲ޻˵ˣʾϺˡ֮ˡ
͹ƲҵȣСϴֵͬһˡ
ƶСϴ·һҹıһͻȻ˵绰ͻȻ˹㲥豸˼ճ
ӽʱ򣬶Ϊĸ쵼ˡ
糤ͺǡ
Ȼ糤Сϴ泡ˣԺʵҪҲǿԽõġ
ԱСϴ泡Сϴʣ൱ǸСϴĶ
ǿܶȥãž͸ˡ
Ժȥе˵ˣ۶е绰۶Ǹ㲥ĴһȫӶõ㣬ǿ϶ûаɡǾûмճУ
СϴŮǶΧųӿȻװ绰ĵԱæǰæİæﲻæľڱϿţšһĴĶѹסˣرȥĶﴮš


265 
Ǯ, Сϴˮֳǰ׼Ҳʼˡ
ҪһЩϣüԱȥ򣬱Ͼֳɲǵˮ, ҪһЩرĲϽȥȻҪ硣ЩżԱԱͿԸ㶨ˣǶˮֳרңǶв, ʡĵˮֳоؾͿ硣
񲻶Щ, ŴһȥʡǣȥȡǮ, Ȼȥɹ豸
С֮ġ
νǮð, ʽ, Щͺˡ
͹ҪĴͺðˡֺõĴܺ, һЩСľôͻˡ
û, еʶ׼Ĳ, ׼һʽĳʽ
Ϊ, ˹ĺԼ֣糤μʽϾǹ쵼ڻڹֳ, Ҫ֪ͨһĸĸ١
ɺǺ֣糤˭, ˵ûʱ䡣
Ҳû⣬ˣ˼Ҳ, ǲҲûа취
ȻҲеʧ, źλ̸̸, Сϴ蹤ץһץġ
, ǵԼɼ, ȨˣԼֺˡ
ںθس˵绰ģθسǸӵˡ
ҲСϴˮֳصԼˣҲԸڳʱ
֪ҪСϴɲԱǶ˻ˡ
СϴɴûйɲˮֳϿɵģ˵Сϴܵע˰
Աǿɲɵ֪עĺôԺɶչĺ·ӣﶼԼˡ
ɲϰ⻰ͺٺһˣҪû糤ɼ˭ע۰
糤û˵ģʱ̣Ǹɵ鹻󰡡
˻ãǣܽеĳ
ֵΪӭɲԼˮֳس׼û¶ɵ˺ȥˣЩ¶ȥˡǹԼ￴֡
ǻŵΪȡ˸֡һ֡
ˮֳʽһ죬ֹɲˣӵĸɲԼԱҲˡѾˣҶصСϴһġ
Сϴ壬˹㲥ϲõִ֣Сϴÿ䣬һƬϲġ
СϴЦݣǱȹ껹Ҫ֡
ЩԱˣ˵ѽǻ˰
ûдţɣ۶Ҫ泡ԺгԲˡ
سҪˣճȥȥˡ
ĵ绰۶ġ绰ûҪҪȥ򣬸
ӵԱ
ֵԱһĸɲֱȥСϴĸɲ
͸ˣǸɶʮ¶Ҳģ
Ǽٵģ糤ȥҵͶء
϶ӳһ
ʲô糤ǻڹ糤߼Ҵӵǲ˵Ǵҵ糤
϶ӳֻһ̯¶ء
ǵ¶Ͳˣܲʹ졣оԼҲСϴҸоҪһЩôСϴͱѡˡ
϶ӳٺһЦ¶ܵ𣿡
ǣ
Щɲ֪Ҳ֪ǰҲ֪ͨˣ糤ǵ¶ȫˡ
úҲûʲôϵģϾ쵼ìܣҲܲšڿСϴĺģǵ˰
ƫƫ϶ӳϽͣʮʲô㻹֪ɣ糤֮ǰһطǵʱ򣬻ɹ赽Ϣء糤˵ˣСϴ泡ʮ͹ˣòôࡣ

ɲƵĲˡ
Ҫ糤ڹ£һ֣ʲô¶첻ɣ
ϺͼôͰүŪСϴСطˡ
ﰵֹʮֲ
ҲûȥҹǱҪ˵
ڸɲУ㲥ﴫϢˣ֪ͨ϶ӳȥӭӺس
϶ӳˬĹȥˡ
ǰû뵽ԼӵĶӳܺس˵ϻ
϶ӳǸӣĸɲˡ
ߵֳ棬ѾӭӺθسˡ
θسͻɲ֡ѾΧդ˺ģϲģ;øˡ
СϴɵĲ
ЦԱǶ¶ʮֻ飬æԼصĹҲæԱҲ̵ĺãܿͰֳ淶ˣĿǰǲɹһЩ·ϣЩѾˡǻƤ
θسĵͷ϶ǵĹɹ
ڱѵس糤ʱ䵽ˣǲҪˣ
ȻѾƳ⽨ˣǴѡʱ仹ǻʱա
ЦŵسҪʽԼһβɶҪ鷳ˡ
쵼ڵʱɲͷҲ
ˣԵ̫ҡ
θسʱ緢ǻǿһ£ɣϾǵͶɹ
Ӣ쵼֮²ܹɵģҪȻ;͵óˡɣҺͺͬ־Ҫѧϰ
Ͻǰسɣ֪Ҫɶ˻ˡٽ
аɣҾ͵ʲˡθس
ɲǵİ£θس̨Ƴصˮ࣬ǰܶϰҲǲΪģǿƼˮƽˣǲֹ㣬ҲҪú㡣ˮͿˮ¸СϴˮֳСϴߵһĵ·ϵϣ߳ɹ¸ĵ·
棬ɲǺԱǷҵ
УСϴˮֳϵĺ첼󣬺θس˵һβС硣
ҷϲЦֵУǧ綼ŵˮС£Щ綼Ĺ⣬ƣЩԱ۾ֱˡ
֮ǰֻ˵㣬ûǸۿЩˮˣǲ˽⵽ˡ
￪ʼţҪˣô㣬Ǯ
ڽߵ泡µ֮⣬й˴ȥԶĵطӡ
ľͬʱϵʱǰŹٵĺ컨ȫ˵Ŀ£ͦصԶ
̫ˣ
һĻҲسͬ־
Ȼֻһ棬ҲĪӯ
ܸо⣬塣
λͬ־һĸɲǿ۾ˡ
ǺԱһǶЩǶģֻǰԼû뵽뵽ˣûмҲûǸʽ
ǲɵӣСϴɵһˣҪ׬Ǯ
ôƫƫСϴأԼҲʲô
Ǻ˵˵ûҵᣬһֱˣθسȥˣǲҵˡͽ˺ߵİ칫档
糤ãǸ߼ҴӵĴǣҽиۡ
ǸСҴӵġ
ǸӼҴӵġ
ԹԵĽԼȻЦŵͷǴкλͬ־ã˵ôˣҲûǽӴ
Ǻʹӳ⻰Щ˼ġΪЩͬ־ҲҪȥλ糤㱨ũҵĹġ
ΪԵ뷨ûȥ
߼Ҵӵǵ糤֮ǰЩûãҲϣɣԱ¸İƽʱɻҲܻ
ҶҲ֪ҵ˼ȣСϴ⻹ֻǸԵ㣬˭Ҳ֪ܲܳɡҲһȫƹ㡣أӦҲ˽⣬ڹܲ˹¶ˣСϴߵһԣȷʵĪ


266 
ǰһ仰ٻиϣ, һ仰ͰЩɲ뷨ˡ
쵼£ûȨҲа
˵ֱ׵Ļ糤ԸǶȥЩ粻ͬ, Ҳ첻ɡ
֮ǰСϴ, ΪҪ糤Ÿطһ, ôܿǵ
ǶϺͼ˽, Ҫ¡
ɲҲû˵ɶˣΪ֪˵Ҳûá
УҲ˺λ쵼ϵ, ҲǻϸԸһλµ, ȥԼ쵼̨
ʱҲû׼ǡ
Сϴ廹ûأЩߺڿ϶, ڻûԵɹﲻƹ㡣ЧҲԡ
ҪСϴԵһ, ʵʵڵĿԳ, ŻĲ롣
ֻܵЩ糤, ׬ǮˣСϴԼԱҲʼͶֳ, ֳˣõʱ
ʱӵԱۿƬ˾۱裬ȴûа취һȥ׬Ǯ˭ܸģ
Щɲ뷨ϨˣֵԱصȥ֮󣬶ʼͶСϴˡ
˺ô㳡, кöബ, öء
ر, ģɲȥˡ
Ǹɲ˵ЩҪҲʮҲȥ
һô㣬ûȥֵԱЩţô𣿡
϶а泡ɴˣȥķأ룬㰡

Ǹ˿ڿˮ
ȻٺǳĻ᲻ࡣ
֮ǰǲܸβͣץϾҰ㣬ץ
Ҫ˹ģǾͲһˣôһģһȥһѡ
ǴôûŪأ߲Ҳź𣿡
˭֪أɲ¡

ȶɲǻͱԱ׷ˣôԼﲻŪءСϴҲûʲôĵط
Ҫ˶ء
Щɲû취ܲ˵ɣֻֻܵԵѣɹˣŴһġǾǸʵ顣
ԱˣСϴ廹ʯͷӵġ
Ժܸżֳɵġ
뵽Щ㣬ǶʯͷҲǺģҲ⵱Ե㰡
˼ҿǶ
ǲǹûð
ԱǿɲЩɲԼһ𳤴ģɿʱһ͵ġƽʱŹۿ϶ɵĲã˴ҵ棬ǿ϶ǲеġ
ɲӲͷƤǣӲҲûѡ𣬷һʱ䣬ҪãǾ͸źɡ
õŵˣԱƽ˵㡣ֻСϴĴﻹЩᡣ
¹˼ҳɲɣ绰װˣ㲥ҲװˣҲˡ
˼һ׬ˣ
˼ʱСϴһƬܹĸ㷢չ
Ȼ¶ˣˮڣҲǹؼʱ̰һ㶼ġ
һȥ˻ɣǾҪˡ
⼸춼ûع磬סڶˣиɲסᣬܣɴסˡ
һڵ̰ڣֳû¶һ
ԱżԱҲǴ˿
ȻԼģֳָǻûɶ顣
϶˶дʵ̫ãٶ⣬Եĺúȵĺãסĺã˸ϴ·ҪãϹȥ
Ӻˣǰˡ
Ҷ˿û׵ˣһ氲ŹҹѲֳһҲ׼Ѷｨˡ
Ͼ·ˣҪѧˡ
ɨäѵ඼ڸ㣬Գ˵ģǵѧϰҪ
СϴռһûѧУġ
ûѧУͳԿ
ѧ·ϻʱ̫࣬ҳҲûʶҪԣº١
ЩɲҲûߵѧѧǳбҵġ
һбҵͺ˲
ЩɲĿǰҪ֪ͯʱСϴĽӦǻڹĽǶôʧܰ
ڽѧУҲˣڹҲѧУģ׼ȹǶȥѧȻٳﱸѧУ顣
ҲðѧУΪܽģĿǰεݾÿչˡ
ҲʮһǮȥѧУררãӿɲԼȥˡ
Իǵõȶ׬Ǯ֮󣬹һѧУ
ͯѧ¶רźͶ￪˸ˡ
ҵռͣľǽѧУʵ֤¶ǳҪΪ̯Ӵ֮ǻᷢҲ˲šŰҸ߸ֻԼչǵѡšЩӶ飬ֹΪ˺ӱҲΪ˶ķչ¶ǵõص㹤ҲǴڵȰѧľ顣
ռһ׸Щɲǡ
øλÿõδϰնԽĿء
ϰѵ飿ҪǲԺȣ˭Ҳͺȥѧϰ
ֻǾöáũĺӶ飬Ҳò֪ʶҲ˳ﵱˡ
ڻǰˣǿõϣˣͻúѧˡ
һУʲôʱ򣬶õġ
糤˵ĶԣӴҶɨäôҲΪõϣӦá
϶ӳˣѧⲻ󣬾ŮӱȽѡ
ɲû˵ŮǲɱġԼҲ뷨
ϾҪϵġ
ŮӼ˾Ǳ˼ˡ
¸ĵҪ˲ţ˭Ҫǲͺѧ޻ŮޣⶼǺ¸ĵ·ΥģǵʱйҲȿ˼ͬ־˭˼Ҽ︶ĶأҲҪرǵġ

ô˵ͺѧǲף
ЦЦ˼·ռ͵Աṩġ
ǻԱԿ⻰ﲻͺѧģǲΪס
ֵѧûǮҶǷ
϶ӳģʱܻỹ𡣡
Цܻģİɣỹġ
㷢չѧѶǻƶ¸ʲô
ûȨܽ¶ģɺǶհָô棬ԸɲǶġ
Ҳ֪ǶԶãԸȥִС
֮ЩɲǾͷˣȥ
ͬʱֳҲʽļ
Ϊ˹Сϴ˲ţδܹΪֳӸĹףСϴˮֳй¼ȡѧߵļͥ
ЩﺢĶľͻˣǼӰҲô𣿡
ֻӵԱЦˣ˭ĶأǼá
ǼһֻһأӺˡ

Ȼ߶СϴһּͥǲģһּͥҲģ˭Ҳ
ҶﶼѵˣѧѶԽˡǮˣʲô
ôõ¶Ǯûйģڶռˣ㲻ռɵ
ǵѧˣ泡йƣٽѧ⼸죬СϴӵԱҲæµˣڼǼͷ˷ѣ׼ʰʰ͵ѧУȥˡ
ЩǲţرһЩʮŮӣڼܵܵģҲҪȥѧУˡ
ֵܽϴѾ˵죬裬ȥѧ
ȥȥȥȥУ㲻ȥԺܵܶȥμй
ϴѾʱЦˣȥȥҺú飬ԺҲˡ
ɲָˣָܵԺ󳤴ˣˡ
ϴѾѾϰ˵ˣǻǺܸˡԼҲܱˣڼӣļȥѧ֣رˡ
ɨä࣬ûȥΪͲѧҲûãڼɻ
ȥɨäˣȥѧУˡ
°صᣬͿһСվſڡ
ûϳ˭ΪЩ޵ĹϺٻ
С߹һҰ糤лл㡣
Ȼˡ
һ㶣ŮӵıӰʲôְ
ҽϴѾŮӻͷһˡ
Ѿð
ʮȥش򹤣Ϊʶ֣Ҳ·˼µĴѾð
¶˵ġ
ѾһӶûٳȥˣΪҲؼҵ·


267 
Ұһͷƿ, ˮϣ졣
һѧŮӵ⡣
һҲԼǶô塣
ҲΪˣƶĵطʹһԿ, һ
ͷ, иû߳, һһ, ʲôʱǸͷ
Լʼ٣ҲֻΪ˻رСϴ׸ϵֻ֮ǵ·֮, ſʼʶ·, ŻԴΪĿꡣ
ȰѧĻǲġ
ʷɹһˣɲǶʰ·, ǰˮ˶ûáڼ򵥵Ĳһ£ܰˡ
ҲͶԸѧйϵ
ŮļͥǮ, ҲԸԼҵĹŮǶûѡѡ, ֻܽõԴδܹԼϵĶӡⶼġ
糤, СϴԺϣˡ
ȻûԱǹ糤˵, ֳˣ֤·УԺ泡öԱǲιɵģԱһ㡣
糤˵ˣɽԱģδҪԱġ
Ա汲Ƭ, ƬҲԱġ
ҲΪ糤ⷬ, Լ, СϴĸɲǶĵҪ¡
ΪʵҪԱ¸ĸɲû˽ĵġ
ѧҲʼˡ
ЩȻäҲ࣬㶼á
˼ҼԱεʱǶ󶮡
ʱСϴĸɲԱҲʶ֪ʶĺҪ
Ǯǰţܶ׬ˡ
ǳûĻĿ
Ǻ֮ǰռһްࡣɨäҪһֹʶ֣㣬ԺԼģܵû˰
ҪȻԺԿ
ǰȰѧ¶ףЩϽްҲܻѧ㱾¡
ЩֳĹǣѧҲѧĺ棬ΪֳҪڿ˵ģһʱ似أҪҪ˵ģԼûϽĵˣѧΪ˱סݹ
ʱ䣬ҲЩһѧŸСʼǣ¼һЩҪ
һһΣÿ춼ѧѧ
Щ˺£Ůʵ糤Ҳѧ㰡糤ҲҪ㰡
Ц಻ѹѧû
糤ѧˣЩ˸ѧϰǸӦõ¶
Ҳ治ӣϾδҪƹ㣬һܲʲôҲҪ֪ҷƶ֮·ܳδ֪ȥҲ֪᲻õȷʵѧ
ѧ񻹵ѧֳļ
ͶɲѧҶûɶģԼѧϰǿϿΡ
ҲʱСϴĸɲǷ֣¸·治򵥡
쵼ǮԴΪɲҲܲܶûҲý
ƽʱҲûǣ࿴飬࿴ֽ˽Ķ̬ǲ˵Ҫ಩ѧԺƭЩɲǲƭҪ֪Ҫƭˣ𺦵ľˡ
СʱСϴɲƭ¶˼ӡԸɲһ
˽糤ȫСϴʰ
ɫϾֹСϴ壬ԺҲҪôһģҪ¸֪ʶĺҪ֮ǰʱ򣬾ûʲô뷨
ǾȱǮȱ֧֡
Цǻû˵һ֪˿õξ档ǿɱȱǮѡҽһУԺ󲻹һҪλһ˲ŶˣȻȻҲῪʼԣˡ
仰ļ
糤ôǿ¶ضҪ¶
Сϴææµµѧϰٶˣû˴ŴţĻᣬҲǹעԱǶˡСϴֳ᲻СզûŶˡ
Сϴ޳ĹһˣȻȫ£ʶֵĲμѵ࣬ʶֵɨäСȥѧˡ
ٶѧ
Сϴ˵ѧû취¶ѧͻ󣬲ѧͻԿԲ͵ߵ⡣
Ϣȥˣˡ
ͻȻҲĽ Ϊõ㹤ʣҲװˣʮ˾ȻҪȥɨäѧ̫ˡ
¶ĺǺ֣糤ˡ
֣糤ֻùȻǸѧֻѧϰôĶ治͸úúôͷѧϰˡ
ǵǺ棬͸Լ︱糤Լ糤մֽˣ
ȻЦˣǱ߾Ǹġ
Ǹ֣糤һ糤
ĶԽȤǲһѣҲһȻͬʱҲһˡ֣ͬ־ˣԼ֮
ͷ̽̽ڷȥ
￪ʼͽ֮󣬺Ǿ֪ˣԼӲӲСϴǱԼҲ첻ֻ֣ϡȱˡ
Ϊһǣ޷̣ԼĹϽԼͶϴȻֱ֡ǵݡ
ˡ
ǻʲô˼
һֱء
˸ʱ䣬͸绰ˣĹûѡ
ӵ绰ʱæĲɿġ
ˣСϴֳˣδģ·ǺҪġ
·
Сϴ·͵ռһһӿݵ·ء
ޡ
Ͱ̾ȷʵЩѣлǹˡ
ѾͺðЦŵҲԼæˣʲôѿҹϾǹͬ־СϴҲʡ
Уҳʱȥ㱨
ˣЦŴӦˣ˵绰֮Цݾʧˡ
֪Ϊʲô˵绰֮˾͸оˣܾôˬӦ㱨ʲôԾ
Լʦҹˡ
︱糤װģǸˣЩƵġǷֹ֯Ľ糤ѲɣǾüһȽϺʣ
ǵˣǱˮڡ
ȻӦ˻ع磬ǲûϻȥһˣŻع硣
һص磬ͱʾԼʵ̫ƣˣʵ̫ˡ
Ϊܼ򵥣Լ鲻㰡ѡ
ǵᣬϾûо顣
ϣ϶ḻɡ
ҭסˣȻЦҡͷûźʱ򰡡
ڻǺʱ򣿡

ǾԼҪ˳ȣˣǿЦתƻ⣬˵СϴôⷽȤҲãĽûã
ԣĬĬ룬֪ô˵ĿģԺϰˣռҲϰһط͸
ũҵˡЦŵӦȥܽġҲⷽĲŻȻСϴǱߵֳٶһ㣬ҲҪҸ㰲ŵ㹤
ʱ׹ˡ
ģ糤λǺ֣糤ϵ
Ҫ°


268 
ϲȨ, ҲԼǸ涼õˣŽͬ־õġ
ĿǰڹĽ˵úãҲͨͨ
δ, Ҳ糤ͨͨ, ֧Ԯ
ϺΪҲʮַ, Ҳ׼ӲӲЦŵ, ʱæҲ͹Сϴһ̯¶, ôңҵǲ˼, Ҫˣ糤ʲôѽ
ڿɲûһ, ֻҪͬ, Ҿа취
Ҫǿ, ұϾ̫æˣµ
æ, ֳڽУֻҪû, Ͳɹ, Ҫһˮ, ⶼҪʱ;ġ
Щ͸ˣԼˣôõĻ, ĸĵʵĸ糤
Сϴһ̯¶Ҫ, Ҳֻһ, 糤磬ʲôɲ
ֹǲǡ
ҲѾֹˣ·¶Һ̸ˡ
ȥ֣糤ȥ
ЦŵǣҪû¶Ҿȥ֣糤㱨ˣϾҵϼÿֻ㱨ʡ
һ⣬ʲô
̸̸СϴĹЦ˵վҾˣ´¶ٹ㱨
ľôˣǶʱЩˣо񲻰ư
Сͬ־ܲԼȨȤ
²ȥҼ˵Щʲô¶᲻Լո˵Ļͼ˵ˡ˵Ҳûϵⶼղˡ
ǲ֪Сͬ־᲻ͼɣԼôҲȼռƵλ
ЦĽ֣糤칫ҡ
֣糤ˣҲһûɫ
ǷǮһ
ǮȷʵûǷʵʵĴġ
Ϊһ糤ǹŹ罨һ̯¶񰴵ֱܵģȥСϴֳԼ쵼ȴֶ֣ʶС̫ˡ
ͬ־ôæ֮йˣ֣糤
쵼㱨
֣糤Цһ㱨һأﶼļˣǿɲܲǸֳ顣
̾Ҳǻ㱨ֳĹǻ㱨ġ֣糤ҸոմӺǰ칫ҹġ
¶֣糤ֱ֪Ӻ㱨ġ
ҲϰҺǻ㱨¶ˣԴҲùܡ
һ֮ѣûһõġ
Լˣôʲôָʾ
⻰ҲǴһģĵͷˡ
ûң벻Ĺ룬͸ҰˣԺŹ
Σ֣糤ʱˣǿܵһ̯¶Ϻʲô˼
ʲô
ʲôǱ˭𣿡
֣糤
֣̾糤Ϊһˣҵ̬ҲˣҸڹ綷˵ʵҾǸʵϰģ˶ãɼȡʵϰиƯҾˣʲôȨҸͲ⣬ѧУ䣬ֱӽ⽻Ժõһ̯¶
̬֣糤Ĭһ£ϺǶûʲôġ
ΨһľϴδǧǮ¶
ֳûŲͣҲˬ졣
ԱϺ껢ģķҲûôˣϾǸûʲôвˡ
ϣ֣糤ܹףҶͺǶûж⡣ҲûôҰġֻʵʵ㽨裬Ȼ쵼ֹܹ֧ôҲ
֣糤һ仰ЩУֹ֧⻰ʲô˼
СϴˮֳΪҪĿǰһ·Ҳ֪ûʲôǮ֧ˣϣܹһʯ·ǹвʯҪ˼ǮֻҪһ仰·ˡ
֣糤
ҸոձҺǿڵģһǻҾţСڣضҪͬ飬Ҿ糤ڲʲĵز ⲻáֻ֣糤ˡ
֣糤ˡϴδǧǮһʯ·
˼ԼܲҪȻҪȥϺˡ
ϺǸûߵģͬ־˿ڣΪˣϺ껹ʲôӦģ
֣糤ĲˣԼ쵼ϱˡ
ڶ벻ͨԼôġ
ǸϺ꣬ԼԼҲô
ɫ䶯֣֮糤ޱ¶ˡǵ˵Ļ
¶ˣȴûˡ
ո˵빫綷ʵλ֣糤ȻšƻԲԼв֮ġ
û˼˵ҺҪʯ·˵ҲģΪӦǵ
Ȼλ糤˼ҲˣľԱδǱλãȻһЩڷչҪ󣬻ôЩΪҪλ֪Ծõġ
֣糤ΪСϴʯ·¶Ǻ֪ܿˡ
֮ܲ˵֣糤ô飬㲻˵һ
֣糤ҲȥᷴҲһˣֱһ绰ȥͬ־ˡ
ǣ
֣糤û˵ˣһͽ˰칫ҡ
Ҳ͸ǰаģбȥȥ!
ǻ绰 Ȼᷴ
¶ͬˣȥᷴǲǰʯͷԼĽţģ·ô飬˵ˣַ֧չǹ˵ְڣᣬҲģ㻹ȥ֣ǲҵ쵼
Цǲ¸鷳𣿡
鷳ʲô·ҲȨ޵ģڲԣ۲˵ʯӻǹܹġúޣʯ·ҲҪ޺á
ллǡ⵹֮ϲˣʯӶˣõػԺޱ·ͽʡɱˡ
Ц룬λҪһֱôŸ㽨裬Ǿͺˡ
˵绰ٴҿᣬ·¶
糤ȥһ˹磬һʯ·
Сϴĸɲֻˡ
ЩҲ·ûǮʯ·޲ġ
ܹʯ·ǿ̫ˡ
Ϊɲǿ̫һ·ҪˡǰҶȥģںˣʯ·ͷˡ
ԺҸð峵ƹȥ罻ʱҲˡ
糤Сϴ嶼֪ôлˡ϶ӳм
Цⶼǹ쵼׼ģҲϣСϴܹ߳һ¸֮·ԺӷչԺСϴش󰡡ʱҪһѣǿɲֻԼ
϶ӳû˵ģСϴҪܸԣ϶ԸӡϾ۸ﶼݣ˵ݡ
汲ͨȷʵ綼ˡ
ҲǣСϴԱǵöġ
ҪȻһ¶ҲԴͥҪá鶼õѧѡ
ʯСϴԼȥȻԼ֯ޡ
ʯ·Ҳ¶ꡣ
϶ӳǣʱʯӻ̺һ·ãȺǮˣˮ··ǿԵġ
϶ӳǻˮ··
糤˵Ļмٵģڼ˵ܵڱˡ
ЦȻܣǮˣʲô·ޣ׬Ǯˣһ¶·ˮҪߣ·һҪá
·ð·á
ɲǸֺǺǵġ
·¶СϴʮֻΪҸĺѧҪ·ģƽʱһҪ·Ǳ߰һ͡
·ĹǮǲøÿÿ̶һޡ
Ͼ·¶궼ҪԱǷ̯ģ·ϾΪ޵ġ
βǳǮҸֻ㲻ˡ
ǮԵĻҪģͷ֮ģٰˮ͹ϸǳԡ
糤ϰտð
Ǹ㽨裬ôܲǺأҪǶǮһҪǷǮġڻֻȶίˣԺ¸˾ͺˡ
˵뵽ʮ򾭼ôȨˡ
⻹Ǯ㸻ԣ
Сϴ·ֿʼˡ
֮ǰ˵ûأ䲻ľ͸·ˡ
·˵Ǹֳ޵ģֳ֧ķչ
˵ǸСϴ
һԵ㣬Сϴٺô
Щ޲ԵԼԡ
Сϴ·޺֮ҲŹ·ȡ˸֣¸·ʮֱסǴҶúãܼ
Ļ˾ǲһȡֶôԢá
Ǹ߸˵Ĳʯ·ȥѧоر˼֮ǰһһɺ̫ˡ
·Ͳȥˣ治͹һ̯¶
Ըֳĸѧϰ۾飬Ȱĸɼ˵
æŹѧϰ񶼾ʱˣ죬һֱתˣŻȻԼߴ˼ˡ
ȻҲΪԪһͨ绰ŷѾˡ
ʮһ·ˡ
һͨŴĵ绰Ԫڵ绰ͷ
ЩգԲʵæˣ֮ǰҲΪֳֻҪֹ֮ϵҲܶ࣬˶û飬ֻԼѧԼٽǡһӾæˡϼǱ߶û绰
˼˶ûϵҲû绰ˡ
ԪȷʵһЩˣ˵ľԼһˡ
ȻǺô
ʲôҪĵط𣿡
ûУԼˣǿչĻӻ׼ȥ߷ã˽
ʦæ
Ц㹤æҡ⻹õģֻһطְû˱ʹæ
Ԫһüͷʲô𣿡ɲĲְ
ûУ֮Уδ˳ġ
ԪɵҲûʡһҪʵʱŵˡ
ĬƬ̣˵ĺϧϷͱټ
һ㶣
ںߵˣûˣÿο¶ˮʱⶼСǮǮ;ˡ
Ȼﻹǻһ䣬ȷʵ
ȥ
뿴𣿡ˣȶˣԴκ
Ҳá绰ͷԪã뿪һˮͷӹ뿴бȽϺʵĻԴ
̫ӭˣȻûɣһҰ㣬֮ǰԼһ㣬ÿԳˮˣԹ
ãҾ͹ȥԪ˵
Կҵú֯ϻ㱨һ£ϾҲǹģطϹһ쵼ҲҪӴһµġ
Ԫ飺˽¹ɣЩæûôʱǽӴ
ҲСˡ
ȻԸǵԺ쵼֪¶ˣԼҲô𸴡


269 
ΪԪ鲻⾪, Ҳû˵ֻͶɲǴ˸к˵ԼиҪ쿼ֳ, ԺҲкĻ, Ҳÿд, ʱԼ˵תת
Сϴĸɲֵۣ糤, ιˮû˻ˡ
ͷ, ֻҪǺú㣬ͲĲ¸ġ
϶ӳ費ҪʰӸס, ʲôע
ԪϴȥռһǱӣҡҡͷ, ˼Լס, ǲùܡ
Сϴˮ, ߳ϱռͻҪ࣬ĸNүֻסߵġ
Ԫĵͦ, Ӵ绰˵ҪСϴ, ҲͲһʱ䡣
û绰, ·˸, ֱӾСϴˡ
οĳҲСһԽҰûˣһ˾, һС
⳵ӽ˶ﶯϴ, ں߾͵õϢ, ֪ˣϽȥˡ
ԪĳӱΧˣЩԱҲֻǺĿû붼ܽڲڡ
ЦʹˣԪԪ飡
Ԫ۾һķЦˣ񡣡ϰܶ飬Ѿϰˡ
߹Ա߿ֵĶ࣬͵λֳģԺҪ㣬Ҷɢ˰ɣƤǵŵλͻġʱȥô죿
ԱǶЦǵ㰡㣬úá
Ǵţˣ㶼ûء
Ԫ΢Цŵͷˡ
˾뿪ˡ
ԱҲûȥں۷׷׵ġ̸ƯĳӵĿͻһ㡣ôǮ϶һһǧڼԡ
Բ껹㡣
ԱЩĽλ󻧣Բ㰡Ǯ
ȥ˰칫ңЩɲҲڰ칫ˡ
ԾˣԶĿͻҲʮֵ顣˵ĺԪ֡
֪Ԫֻ죬˳εģϲЩųôԼæԼȥԼдˡ
Цŵ糤Ҫ߳Էȥ㣬һϲԵˮ㣬λԪϲʲôζġ
Ԫ鿴һۣллҺһͿˡ
Уȥţϼɩ治Цˡ
ԪȥԼ칫ȲϢһ׼ٳȥתơ
˰칫ҷ˾ˣʵ˾ô
ҰǱĹˣ
ŶһˮǴҸǶ׼Եġ
ԪӹˮҡͷҪǽ첻ˡ
һ㶣ôȥ
ԪɻĿûסĵط𣿡
񣺡
еȻУû׼Ҳ֪λôˣҪҹġ
⻰ֱ˵ίȻУֻסߡ
ôᣬסùߣҿ϶Ҳûġ˵ҹĺһζſҹ
ˡⶼǴ˵İҹĺҹĺûɶ羰һƬһеɭ
ǰտᣬߣŻԡ
ܲʧ飬羰Ҳԡ
ԪЦãһûԹ֡
ĵûԹĶأժӡ﹵зûԹɡԲͷ
ΪԪҪסԪԼȲ裬ȥ϶ӳס
֪Ԫϲߣ͸ֳˣ˸䣬ƽʱҹסġ
µĴס
Һⶼǰ׼ŵģҪȻæҵġ
ðţԪϢˣȥɢ羰
Ҫȥϣڴϳԣú͹
ʦš
Цˣڹ㲥ﺰ˺
ľˣ糤ʲôָʾ
ͰԼİ˵ˡ
糤û뵽Ҳͦʫ黭ġ
ⲻΪ˱ҪǸúãԺôӴͻÿͻµط࣬ǾȤζࡣ
ЦŵͷеС͡
˵ͷȥԪϴȥ
Ԫ鿴߹Ÿոλպεĸɲ̸ӣġдסдԷ
ãǰԼǸˣˡ
Ȼȷʵˣָо˺ܲ
ϴԪۺ棬Ȼȥˡ
⴬ֳĴˣƽʱҹ乤˻˯ҹ
ӣĹ˼ˣͿʼ
ǾͿ
ϡֺǵ⻹ֳһӭءôҲҪ󻧸˿ߡ
Ԫ鰲Ŀź棬Цŵôܲɡ
ԪһζʦĻ
ЦⲻҲÿҪȻӲùֳܶණƣʲôȱʲôҲĲȶҪǰҿܶûд㡣
Ԫ߿࣬ĵڹչôҿǵĸɲܻ
ЦˣǶͦر
λҲᡣźɲһ˰ɡ
Ц۾׼θسֶӣҲб£ϽģֳܰҲæǰæĳ濪չҪЩøɲϡ
ԪôޱˣЩŤ
̬ܲãܲŬЩõģЦֳӦûˡͻɼ˰ɡ
·ݾͲܳһˣڲһеһ꣬еꡣΪرҪڶ̵Ϊ
̸˵Ļ⡣
ˣ㲻뿪ͷ˵ʵҺֻ֧Ҫкõ䷽ṩʵˮʱû⡣ֱûûۿҲԸ͵ġ
˵Լó
Ԫͷһù˾ġҵĹͷ˵ˮˮ֮⣬кһģƷֻܶࡣ
ƷַչȷʵãҽɴҲͷˣһЩɣϺ֮СʳڸĿ֮󣬸ԣԽԽˣ׷Ҳˡʳгǰǹġ
Իɲ˵˵ġ
Ԫȷʵԣ֮ǰҲֻԣôһԽԽˡһǾ仰Ը⣬һܳɹ
ЦڲҲ𣬶ʼˡΪ˸ҵ㣬ҲòıߣӸӲƷ
ԪЦˣĸӲƷǱҪֵ˸ӲƷˣ㵹ǱˣұϾӲƷѾõˡԵûš
УȳԳԿǵͯۡ
ںһͣںġѾֳλˣóͣԼһ㡣
Ҳǰĳŵˡ
˵ʵﱾóԣԼҪܵϾͿųԡ
Ԫѧ˵ͣʵ㾭𣿡
ûƽʱæҲûʱ䡣һҲס
һˣԪЦЦûһ𣿡
ǶæҿɲΪԼȤ͵ˡ
ԪͬĵͷȷʵӦȻ̾Ҳٵ㣬ҲΣһȷʵûʲô˼ڻʶôѣҿܶûл
⣬ΪˣƽʱӦ꣬ĺֵʱ䡣
ԼҲͬܡԼγءԼѺͬѧҲûʲôѣһͬ־


270 
˵Ż, 㹳ˣ˷һβ㱻
һС, һء
, 㳤ķʴʱ
пڸ, Ц
ʦ㣬϶óԡ
Ц, Ԫ֮ҲͦȤ
Сҹ, õķ˶˹ˣ˳ѻĹ˴ȥԷ
Ԫڴϰ, ú̸⡣
˰С棬һˮ㣬һ, صɫ, һ̲ˡ
մĹ, ѵóôʢſӿʼԣҲû
ԪЩ, ߳Եĺܲ𣿡
Ҳһܳϼλ, ǲܴġũͬ־, µĸɲô˼̫أ

Ԫ, ɲ治õ
ôˣԼ׬Ǯʲôӹ
̾˿, ԼŵСóһƿ, ͳ, óƱ
Ĺߺȫ
ֻܵ˾ﶼܰӹľ¡
Ҫ벻ŴƵġ
Ԫ˺ƣѣȻܿ
һ±ӣһڣʱоСϵҲһΡ
˾ƣ˵ӣԪ֪ʵҲһˡˡҲΪԼõƫƫһˣȴӡ
žƱʵԺһֱΪ˼һֱЩԿࣿ
ЦԿҲֻʱˣǸԣˣҵĴҲҪˮǴߵģܲϰմˣһųˡ
Ԫ鿴ʦ֪˵ʲô˼ʦƺ˼̸⡣
¾ƱҲ̾˿֮ǰڶȰѧܶ˼ͺѧˡиСŮͻлҡΪѧʶˡÿѧ·ϸҲһ
˵Цˣʱţһֱûѧֻܵä·궼ʶô
˿ںƣţ;ԼӲˣǱҹ̫ˡʶҲԼбҵ˵Щƶӵ˱ǲǺҸ
ԪЦֲˣʦʮּᶨˡ
ҵ˲ࡣҼҲ⡣
Ԫ⣬֪б룬֪׷ֻǾáϣԼѿԹһ㡣
˵ʱڳԷȺƵʱ򣬶ٳԵʲô
һⶼԲϣ;ϵķ˶ˡ
ˣ뿴ߵ
ЦҲˣҹҲ㲻ˡˣкòд㡣Һ˵Ժһ˻ԲЩˣ׼Ժֳģ֮ٸרдǮ˵ũ֣ԺûǮĿǰ
Ԫ죬Һҡ
˵ŶƱһ£Цź˿ںơ
ζ
Ա֮󣬻ĹҲˣȥ˰
ִںתתֳ
ǹģܴ⻹ֻĿǰĹģδ翪ʼֳ֮Ƭ⻹СҲϡӦǳġ
٩٩̸˵δĹ滮
ԪĻδĳδض
ʦȻбΪ
ҲֻΪչ⣬֮Ҳȷʵе̻
ôģˮȫأǼġ
֮ǰ˵Ҫˮ˾Ҫۣ
ͷ
𣿡
ԿȤ
Ԫͷˮ˾֮⣬ͨҲǺҪġرˮߣҲҪˣ֪ʦԸԸٺԪ
ĬˣҲ˼ܡ
˵ʵ֮ǰûԪġ
Ϊܵһ⣬ԪϾ˽ҵδʺܶࡣһδǸı˾ӪԣˣǾˡ
κͿĺҲֻΪʮʽѣǳں
Ԫȷʵʡºܴ
ʡ϶ǺʣȨǡ
Ԫüǲң
ҡͷǲΣҵöҵԱǸңҾ͵ðȨǡ
Ц˵ˣԪ㵱ңҵȻ㡣δˣ̳˭˵ȥ
Ԫ飺
ԱߣɫЩڣǼȻˣǻǳ˾ǿԽۺһҵǡǴ÷ѡ
ȣôг
гǹģرճʳİļƻӪֳģҲ˵ôҺܿгţδҲֳֹɹˣӦҲУԪʱ򻹿Գн˾ҵ񡣡
ʱ۾ˣģ˰Ĺȫ棬ԶôͰûֵгҪҵˡ
ԪҪܳнһҵǾе׬ġ
ȻԪ鿼ǵôȫˣҲˣҾԺ̸ⶨһȷе³̳
Ԫͷǵһ㻹Ҫ߰˸°ɣһȥͺ͹˾˵飬׼ȡ·ݹǩЭ顣ȻǿԺϻ
ϲˬµķ񣬡ô˵ˣʱһ׬Ǯ
˵׬ǮЦݶ˼֡
ԪҲ̲סЦˣһֵ
ͬȷʵֵ
ڵ磬ͻ谵ˣҸɲǰŪ˲Ūᡣ
˵ᣬҲ࣬ϾԱҪȥϿΣɲҲȥѧҪάּɣиɲҪȥѲֳҲͺ϶ӳˡ
ѾõİʾλԪѾֳĴͻˣʮִ֣Ժʮ顣İſ㡣
ԪϣЦŵҲһλøɲ
û糤á
æǫ
ͦãͦá
Ԫ˵ҲǱˣ﹤˷𣿡
ģûʲôĵģж־ķ
ԪЦҪչ޶𣿡
ЦŰ֣ûУûأûʲôǣҡҲڳɼ֮ǰڻɼǣҾͲһˡ
϶ӳ⻰ͲˣȳɼҺҵиȺˣܺúҵǣ뷨ǲԵġ
żԺʵڽˣ֯ҽˡ
Ԫü֯
Цõλͬ־ܶ󣬸ɲƽʱæڹܶϴѵġ֯ϾͻģһЩŮͬ־ʶĻᡣ
Ԫܲ⣬ϾӦòϴ⡣
ˡ
ٺٵЦЦ
Ԫ죬ȴЦ
ŮʶЩλ
ٿߵ񣬻Ա׼֯ܵĺﲻⰵļ


271 
ϳ극, ҸԻؼҡ
Ԫ鶼סֳֻס칫ҵĸڵӣԪסᡣ
ڰ칫ſڵ
˵֮, ԪվŲߡ
͵, ҲæҲǳʱġ
Ҳ֪Լ϶ǻģҲ׼߶
ֻ֮ǰԷʱЩ, ͸о
̫ˣ²żһΡ
Ҳһιͱ֯ܶˣ
һڣЩۣ̲סȥ˯ˣû, ʵʶ·ǱһŷӰ
Ԫ, ˯ţ뿴羰
˿Աߵķ羰
ʲôѽһƬ
ʮһ, 컹Щ, ߸䡣ɴཫСһ, ſڿ
칫ſװ·Ƶ, ֵҹĸɲѲߡ
˾ڰ칫ſڿź档
Ԫ, ͦ󰡡Ȥ
ԪЦһ, ƽʱֻ̫ˡ
Ҳʵ, ÿææµµ, ʵҪæϾԪĸҵ̫, ⻹кܶʲµҵҪ͸ڵ˴򽻵
ѵõʱ⡣
ҲǣҪˡҲһֱţ÷ɡ
Ԫʵأƽʱôɣ
ûʲôɵģڶתת˵˵Ϸ
ԪЦҲûѣ
ͬ־ְߵģ˼Ҷҵ쵼ѡ
ԪЦˣôȤ֯ϾͲҸ󣿡
ĿȻû뵽ȻҲԡ
Ȼ˲̫죬֮ű¶ԡ
һֱԪȻܿЦ
ã֯ϻûע⵽ҵ⣬æҲҶ󡣡
Ԫ΢мҸʲôĶ𣿡
ٴοڲЩһˡ
ײ˭Ҳûˣôšƺ˭ˣ˭һ
գԪˣתͷźķ򣬡֪ʦûʲô׼
ûƭԼ˵ˡ
ⷽǱȽֱ̻УҲ΢Щӡ
Ǿб׾ˣССٴαˣⶼˡ
˼֮ӿʼѵ˼ˡ
֪ԪǲܵġһNҵңĲˡһǷƶɲƤʵĺһദ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪λN׿һˣøж̡˵̵ĳˣܹ˷ٵѡ
йα˦ãԼʵ㡣
ҪΪһβǺ̵ģʽĸʧȥһõĺ飬̫ˡһһѡ
ΪԪԼĸ飬ӦúһǲԾıԷġϾŮʱ䳤ˣֶûʲôѣɶҲǺġǵȲʱɶҲ֮ʧˡ
ôĬȻһˣίıԼ뷨ҵͬѧҲҹͬ⣬ҶͬĻشδĶϣһ־ͬϵˣ֧ҵҵ̵ķ롣ܳԵµĿࡣܹһ߱黪ÿһƬƶأȻġҪж฻ԣҸ˶ϵûȤ׷ϵĺг
Ԫľܾ˼ּһ䣬֯ڲģۻȽϽӽҲԷضԷ
⵱ȻǼٵģ֯ڲģҲҵһµġ
;߶Ľ϶ӳϱͻݣϣԺҸϱҲôͻݣܹչ˺üͥûк֮ǡ
ԼܲҡΪҲҸܹԼûк֮ǵġ
ԪεȴĻش𣬾֪Լܾˡ
֮ǰûȷı˼ûֱӾܾĻᡣ
ֻĻﻹǽһ¡
ݾǺĲˡ
Ǹʱҡۿ϶ǺġԼûлᡣ
Ԫ鱾ΪԼԴݵĽԼܾĽ
Ͼ鲻ǿԼ⣬ԷԸܣܲǿȣΪǺ޳ܵġ
޳ܵţһϲһˣˣԼеڶζĵĻˡ
ӵ֮ʧȥָоܡ
һ˲䣬ˣװʲôûװԼ֮ǰֻʡԺʦΪ˱ӣˡ
Цݵϸ񰡣Ǹ֯ˡҵʶſ´μ棬лҸǽʶ
񣺡ļٵġ
谵ĵƹ£ԪݿЩУڶԷԼû˼뷨ҲⷽˡЦǾ鷳ˣô˵һǲ
Ԫ̹ȻЦ˫ա
ԡΪ˱գҲ̽ˣԪԺ׼Ҹʲôģ
Ԫ΢ЦƹͣȻԵģһ仰𣿾Ʋ
΢΢˿ԵģǺ˸Ӵ򲻵һȥ
Ŷ̷ż򵥣Ҳ硣ΨһÿҲסˡ̸ˡ
Ҫһ߰ҲżŮӻǺܶģҲԵȻҵġ
ԡ
ԪЦ
⣬͸ȥϢˡ
˷֮ڻոյ¶ûɶ⡣
ӦֻʣԼˡ
ҡͷ̾ԸԼˡ
ԪҲǸѵˣôɶɣոյ¶ӦҲɢˡ
˵ʵЩϧǸʶԪѧͬѧͺˣѧУһζݵģҲǲ顣
Ͼһĺÿر̸ѣҲǺѵð
ԪҲڴϷ˯š
һǴʵڲһǱܾ֮ʵƵûš
֮ŵ⣬һŽ
֧ҵû⡣ǵҵܺг
һ£װ
룬Ҳû⣬ڲҲǼ¼
ԵµĿ࡭Ҳܳԣִ˯Ҳû⡣ԺԴ豸
߱黪ÿһƬƶأûˡ׼ڻÿһƬͶʡ
֯ڲԱȡ뵳
뵽Ľ֮Ԫʱɵ˿
˵ˣΪûʲô첻ġ
ҲټڱˣжʦԼ
ԼǷҪİ¡
ڶ˶ˬģûаˡ
簲緹ʱ򣬻̸˹顣
Ԫߣȥ֮ҪŹڳаֳⷽĹˡЩҲҪǰ׼ģϾʱúܿ죬ǰ׼Ҫʱϡ
ȻĴгҲᾡƳǿˮֳءҺġƳҲǼеҪչģǵĺθسҲһֱҪƹ顣
ԪͷֻҪǻ㣬гǺĵģҪл㡣
ЦҲǰһæҲҪδˡȻԽһ֣ǱҲṩǾûк֮ǵĿгˡж֮ʱҲ³гֻԽԽԾֳǺġʱǿҲǻҵģϣԪʱҪ⡣
ԪŵЦˣϵ鵱ȻԪȻ߳һ;ԲĿܡ
Ц֣ǾԤף졣
Ԫ鿴֣ס졣
磬Ԫĳ͹ˣСϴ֪λҪߣֵչСϴÿ͵磬ϣԺ
ϴѾһ𻨣Ȼ󲻺˼ˡ
ԪŻЩ⡣
ЦÿͻС֪㣬Ժֳܹȥ飬Ҫл㡣
Ԫ鿴￪õĻ
Űɣ˻ҵŻɲסر㡣
ҵлҺϲԪЦŵ
ȻԱЦЦ
һֱȳˣ֣ȻתλһǴ󻧵Ŀ˶㡣
Цλ˵ˣжҪ١
ӴιɣôࣿԵ𣿡
û뵽Ĳˡ
Ц˶࣬˾Ҳ࣬ԵꡣԲˡ
Ǵ󻧰
ԱǷ׷׸п
ȻĬĬţԭôȻġ
ֳֻ
ԱʼţԼҲѧ˵㱾ˣδԼܲڸӳأмڻдҪ㣬жҪ٣Ǯ
Ա˷ܵӣЦЦ
֪׬ǮԼ㡣


272 
붬֮, ķȽ϶࣬͸æˡ
ԽҪá
ҲʮֵĽţǵһβּҪȽϸߵֳ
֮ǰĸ, ûôѡ
ˮֳδƹ, ҲҪģܶϰ֪ʶأ׳⡣
ҲʶЩˣ׼һЩȽ, ѧıȽϺõģδˮֳƹ㹤
Ͼʡ＼ԱһֱæҲǲʵġ
ҲϸҪЩԼԱʼǣעƽʱĸִСĽ
ΪæҲ׼ϼˣ;ֳ⣬˲ϡ
˹֮ǰ, ˵绰
ѵø绰ÿδ绰, ռ˱ضڳȻΪѹ󣬲ÿ˶˵, Ǵ˵ʲôʲôҲǺġ
˵ܻ, Щʧ, ͦ, , һŮһꡣ
һ, ߺöͬ־һ, Ϊ˹Ц
Ҳ, ̾
Ҷ, öҾ͵أںˣ㻹ȱϯˡ
ЦһĹȥģʵǱǸˡҲǼˣҲûɶĵġӣռǸҲֻá
ҶЦˣʵɶﰡ
ӴЩûõĸɶʱ䡣˵绰˵ĺ㿴ûǸļûУѧˡ˵ֻҪĿͨˣͿñҵ֤أ
Ȼ֪ƽʱҲϢ
׼ѧˣ
ţҲʱ䣬Ҿѧˡѧû취˭ԼҪأ൹Ըȥ֤ûͬ⣬ñ˼һ޸ͺίˣԹǿɲСԼҪ֪ľġԿѧ
磬ϽĺܺãֻѵãΪ˶󣬻ΪԼδҪѧ֪ʶ
ٺ٣һѧһ׼ѧءʵҴСͺܴ
ʲôţ绰ô󡣡Թ绰չ˳˳Ǹֳĺòãû¶
̾ô⵱ɲľǲһʵĻҲ¶
ͦõģû״Խ˶죬˴͸¶ˡٹ£ܳһˮˡʱҪġӦܿ
ѽǿ̫ˣгԲˡ˵ֶ񣬡㼱ţռĺܵģɶ¶֨һίԼ
ãҲ̣ռ;ĵĸ
ããúõİ
ڵҲڵ绰Ǳߺš
Цŵڵú顣ҪŹһŬ
һĹããҪչԼѽڵæµ绰ˡ
Цۣãġаֹá
ͼһͨ绰ˡģҲʹһžۡͰദʱ̫ˣſڵأڹһһˡ
չ˵绰϶ӳЦǺǵܽˡ
糤ʮȥԷɡ
ⲻðɣǼﶼһžۣȥʲôѽҾԣ¯ӣһ
ʲôСϴ壬ûԷġɲֹңԱҲ㣬ųԣʮԵʮ嶼û⡣
ԣЦǰҲôɵģ극ҲǼųԡǻȻǹ궼òˡԱǶȥԺóԵġ
Ȼ˲ЩĻǸġ
ԵʮͲˣʮǼҳһپͺã߹Ҳ߲
϶ӳӦˣ˲ѣãǾǼҳԣʱ˹һԡ֡
϶ӳ֮⣬ЩСϴҲͳԵġ͵Լҵĸɻ֮ģˮȵġ
Ҷ֪ΪСϴ彨裬ܻؼҹӡм
Ǿܾûܾﲻһһߵ˵˵˴ҡ
һ䣬Լġ˭ܲˡ
ʮ죬ʵ϶ӳԵ緹ȥˣɲǵǶˡ
϶ӳҲƷѣһˣڴǺ֮ǰ㣬Ҳˡ
϶ӳٱǾ糤л糤СϴİСϴĸı䡣
ЦⲻʲôǴһĳɼ
û糤Ҳ֪ô糤ΪСϴļƻ꣬Ҿ;úù۶ŸϽѺˣճɡ
ɲҲЦ
Цľͺãֻ֮æʱɲܺࡣ
ֿడǰͲöԵ㡣Ծͺˡ϶ӳЦ
ӳҲЦ԰ֵá
ǿ֪糤ļƻģʱСϴԱǿɶиˡ
ֻΪ˼ƻʵʩ˳Ƕû˵
ء
ɲռ͵Ա״˵ռס·ǲġ
ЦŵͷģҶǲס·
찡ⲹ𣿡
һ˼ٲʮɡ
Ȼ˵ʱΪ˼ʣЦŵǮˣͺðˡǮҲԱǹͬܶĽȡ֮֮
ѽ糤˵Ŀá϶ӳϱЦŵ糤Ҫͺˡ
Ҳ׬Ǯˣܹӡ
һٷԵ֣ϲϲġ
϶ӳϱڼ극Ǿܾˡ
ҹˣشڿɲһӣɲóһֳԵڶٵġ
ص칫ңֵŮ绰һֱͣûҽӡ
ʽ绰Ҳûѣû֪˭ġɴڰ칫ѧϰ˳ȵ绰
ȵˣ绰ٴ
ŽˣСϴˮֳλ
񡣡绰ͷԪ
ϴμǼˡ
ûϼҹꣿҴ绰ȥǱ˵ûȥ
绰Ҳܲ죬ǻشҲֳûȥرҲͦʱġ
ԪĬһ£˵ġ
С¶ЦôŸҴ绰
̸̸ڲ̸ˣģúϢɡ
Ҳûɶ¶͵أ̸̸
ֻ˵豸Ѿʼӹ⹺ˣ¾ܲɹ
ȫϵü·ݲŻһأʱҲԶˣҪ󲻸ߡ
š
ԪӦһ
û˵Ϊ̸ˣ׼ˡ
Ԫֵ꣬úչԼϦ
ЦŵлҲһϦ
˵绰ͼͷѧϰĥԪǱ߹ѾչˣҲˣиϸļƻˡȺȥһˣҺθسһ£˾
˾ϾҪһЩ˲ŵģСϴڳŲҲУǵǣͷ
ĥʱԪ鷿û
ŴѩܾЩʹ졣
һ갡
绰ġ
룬Ϳû绰ԹΪڣҲǿǾ֪Ҳûãʲôݣʲô˹ꣿЩգҲۡ
ڴЦ
ԪүЦģһֵʱΪֻʱԪҵ˲լۣЩ󱲣ˡ
˭ĿǰΨһߵӲء
ԪֵĳɴţҲʼ


273 
, æˡһʹ绰ԼǺ֣糤һȥꡣλѾˡ
Ȼû
ҲǻϰףһɲǸڼҹ꣬ʼͿȥͬ־쵼ǰˡڹҲȥġ
Ҳų쵼̸̸, ˭֪λȻ
ϸһҲûʧ, ֮ˡ
λǺܴġʹӾͲˡ
ڶгɴԼȥ
ﻹֵġζʮ㡣ҼһæŻꡣ
ȥĺθسһΪ̸ҲΪλֱϵ쵼
ַҲ, Ҳûʲôһȥġ
쵼׼ǳԳԺ㡣
θسڼ˵ǣҲڡͺһ̸¶ˡ
θس˿Ҳ࣬Ϊ, ﺢǳ˼ҵģȥȥˡǾʣºθسԼ
糤Ҳ, ֳĹءЦŵ
Ҳ㱨ġҲ쵼㳢ʡ
ѽô˼θسϱЦŽӹȻ, Ҳһˡ
㣿
, , ֮ǰ, Ǻһûá
˿϶⻹áɱ, 
θسϱЦ۵ġ
ϺŮͬ־, ºܲ, ĿϺκͺаġȻҪͿġ
θس, ôһ˹, ǹͬ־أ
ֺθسʣ궼һһġ
ЦǿΪһϼȥˣû֪ͨңˡҲ죬ֻˣҵֱ쵼ء
⻰ͰԼͺθسĹϵˡ
θسһͶԹǰ˲⡣һ֪Щ˶СյżˡһȺүǣҲ˼۸һŮͬ־ġ
壬㲻Ҫȥسǰ𣿴һȥͳˣ
Ц⵹ǲҪҲͺس㱨һ¹
θسʵʲô
֮ǰǺ˵Ҫһˮ˾Ȼ̣ûĥ¶ðˣɻڹ˲ŲһҲŸɴｨ˾һԺȫƹ㣬λҲ㹫˾й
ԭ¶θسĥֳûɼڿ˾
ЦҲóģҪҪиʽ塣뼸˾ͿԹˡһһ¶Ҫ㱨أҲǹڹ˾¶֮ǰ˵Լ𣿳˵̰취֮⣬ԪҲгн۵ҵҲ˵ֻҪһʷѣǿ԰䣬԰һЩȻЩҪǮģǴǣȫֵõġͨǵ۴г֮ǺڻԼѰҸгǡ
֮ɹ˿ء
θسţʱʱĵͷЦҲˡ
ãһǰҲҪͶˡ˾˾ˡ
ҲôƻģʡһǮرֳûɼ֮ǰǽҪġ
˵Цҽ飬ˮ˾ɺسֿչȽϺáһԺˣﶼˮˣʱ˾ͺҪˡ棬ܶû׹õϾ˾ҪȫءпҲܽء
θسţһҪܰôǵʱ˾Ҳ֧Բҵ
һж롣
ƽһ¼ġͬ־ҲǺ͡ӹȨʵ¡
Ϊĺͬ־θسˡҲ˵öԣ˾ȷʵȽϺãǰڹϾģо顣
ҪҲõˡҪķչˣǺܴġ
飬һǵλȷʵʣԼ˲ҪҲǿǵһڣмĻ᲻ࡣҪǻڻڹ磬һĺ׳⡣
θس֪θسͶұҲûʱҲûسңҿ϶úøɡԲũҵϵͳϺȡ
θسЦŵͷˣ¶س̸̸ãҲһȥ
θسسסýԺġ
ȥһͺس󡣡Ҳسʡ
θسЦЦʵͬ־ͶԼҲó⣬͡
ֻЩɲͣǻҽء
͵ĺʣ͹йأؼǲ󣬼ֵߡ
˵ʵڵģθسô꣬Ҳûˡܸɣ˼ֶñͨ
ԺߵԶ
ΪԺԵҲ׼ˡ
ôҲԼһߵˡ
˵سسſڻͦ֡
Щĸɲݷá
ﶼŶȻûͳȥ
سϱſͿͣ˼⵽˾ͳɣôôҶúûȥ꣬湤á
ɩӰôְθسЦ߹
Ϻⲻ𣬽йûӴǡ
θس˿ǣЩҲͺ͸سкǺ֣糤Լ糤С
Ҳˣû뵽ǸźθسһģʱЩڡ
ǻΪ˲Щءû뵽˼һͦ
ͬ־ҲˡЦŵͺسһġ
㱨ġզҲﰡ
ݸ꣬һⲻΪæţͰˡ
θسͬ־ǻȥ̸ɣȽȥس㱨
ϣӦһЦŵͷ͸źθسˡ
ۿ˽ȥˣڹЩɲǶʱ۰Ͱ͵ġ
֪ܽӣ˵ʲôҲҪһ𰡡
سҲǿ಻ԡ
ҲףĹʲôʱģ˵˺ܶβù꣬ЩȻִ˲ƣ·˭͵͵ˣԼûһ
سθسˣ¿ˮˣһѶҲһ
θسЦسڵջԺҲĿõġ
سҡҡͷֿأ͵ôҲˡ
θس㻹óԡСϴɽ㣬֮ǰǶﲻһ㳢ʣ㿴ò
ЦأͼëǮ
Цֳɱ͡
سŷˣǵóԣɣԷһ㡣
һԸθسҲ֮ϲа̸̸ϵ¶
سڣϱŸҽ㡣
Ȼ󣬵ǺôǸˡųԡ
سͰԼ鷿ȥ
ƽʱҲסӣǳɼ֮󣬸ԶסҲһôسĹ
鷿θس͸س㱨顣
һ˾
Щƻ˵һ顣
ȻǸûг͵ĴǹҲǺܵġ
ƳػҪ֧Եĵλ
ҪĺãδԽء
С뷨ܺá԰¶
θسЦŵҾ˵ˣسǹܾõģ֧һ¶ˣ´Լس˵ҲǺõģֱˣ´β˴˰ɡ
ЦЦҲû˵
⻰ֻˣθسϾֱ쵼
Խ磬ǲԽθس
Ȼθس⻰Ҳ˵ģ˵سģͬ־ﶼҲú˵ҼҵַҶšǹȺ˰Ҳ˵ͬ־
سζˣ˵ڹ˲гء
룬һ궼̸Ϊ׼λϵģֻꡣ
ȷʵͦˬġ
һôôˡ


274 
س˵ô, ܿ͸ж
ֱӸڹ˵绰ͬʱ칫ĵ绰ֱúǺ֣糤˼ڹϣҪűġҲҪȥͽ֮ġҪעŽͬ, ҪŽͬ־ĶΪ
Ͳ˵Ҫ۸ˡ
ţðά򶨵ĺ쵼ʾԼûżͬ־, һֱǺŽͬ־ֻ̫, ƽʱٽѡ
Ϊ˸ṩɵĹҲûȥСϴӲ칤ⶼΪ˸Ȩ
֣糤Ҳʾ, Լûʲôż˵¶·, ʹӦˡ֧Ĺ
سɲһס
ˣʲô¶֪˭Ǵӻġ
Ϊ֮, ϸɲ, úùǶ֯ԱĻرҪùҪֵܵġȥǱô̵ʱ䣬㶯ôˡ˵ˣء
˵žһҵ绰
Ĩ˰Ѻ֣糤ǳĳ˿˶һۣȻ˫˫ƿߣ֣糤ԼĲ豭ˣߵʱ򻹺һصԼ칫֮, Ͻ˿, Լѵ, Ȼʼ˼¶
ں, Ҳڰ칫һ˼⡣
Ǻ֣糤Ҳ, ǳɹĴ˺θسˡ
ǾӦǺæˡ
ʵǵҲͨߴһµ, Ǻ˲վκһߣûɹ
ȱˡ
֮ǻżҪȻͺͽһ쵼˦ӡ
ȻԾԼǺسԼһߵģϿɵġҲõ쵼
Ϊ˲Ӱֻ֣ƣ񻯸ɸΪ񲯣Ժ͵Ǹͨͬ£Ҳ£ҲʹˡҲǸʵϰģʵϰ˾˵ģ
ô룬֣糤Ҳôġ
ȺǻÿһЩΪûʲôìܡ
һ޹һ·أŸԼܡʱϺˡ
Ҳ׼ʾԼѺá
ڶ죬߾͸ͱƷһǺģһ֣糤ġ
Ҫʲô
϶ӳ֪ϲţû뵽ͶҲȡҪһֱһϣһֱôŵġ˵ٺٵЦˡ
Цˣ˺ô˵쵼Ѷպãͷúá
֪λ쵼ǵݳ֦ˣ˵ô֧Ժ϶ǲڸʹˡ
ҲһЦ˼
ʵҲûǼƽЩⶼС¡ߵλ棬ȴûľѡôǿ԰ˡ
϶ӳǸźúڹģڲ¶ޡ߸˵ľͰѶˡ
Ǻͺʼˮ˾¶ˡ
¶ѾسͷҲҳǻ㱨¶
ʹˣҲǺϵһˡǰɣΪͱس֪Լɲ˼ˣҲ׼س׼ĵݡ¶ҲܸˣҲûسͬˡ
һӣߵĹϵȫˣ칫ҵ¶Ҳ԰ˡ
˾ǺÿֻҪˣ˾ܰѹ˾̵¶
Ȼ֮ǰ˵ԪǱҲṩһֵ۷񣬿Լҵ·ҲܽʡһʷãԼ׬ǮɶǮ׬
ԪǾǸҪ׬Ǯıˡ
ԴȻԪҲҪˣ׬׬õǮƾ¡ΪԼ˽꣬֯档
Ҳû뵽ô¹졣
˵ʵڵģǼԪˣ糤ϵͦõģΪǶϵûô׽
糤ôһ˵Ǿ͸ˡ
糤ĺܹ¹Ӱ
ҪǻһˣֵøԼ˶׬ǮԼġ
ͦԼ֮ǰ֪֪֮Լ䲻糤ˣ԰ǵøиɱˡ
˼䲻ϡ
ǣʲô𣿡
ʵ
ջԼЩ߰뷨糤¶ҲҶһȷʵȱ飬ûʲô뷨
͸źѧѧЩ㶼ҪաԺһȥˣԹ˾˽⣬ɲС
Ц˵öԣҾ͸ѧôţҾô
쵼⻰øˣȴˣҲҪ˼쵼룬ô
Ȼ糤˵öԣҴˡһŬġ
ͷҲ㣬ҪϣܽһķչǿŴңǿһˡ¶æˣһ׼ɲѵһ¡
糤ˣһúüලѧϰġķڷˡ
쵼治
˾¶ʱԼеˡΪùֳҪ¶
ֳ˳˳ģ˾ãҪȻ˾Ǹռӡ
ɴʱפˣдסţרŰ˾¶
ѡַźθس뷨һ칫Ҿ͹ˣϾҲͼˡҪһСԺģ¥칫ҡûԴԼҲС
Ҳǿտ˵ģǸسһȹ˾ˣֳһ֮ƳǵֳҵضҲԾˣʱǵöٵĳҪͶ̼ҶԽӣҪ˾Բֹˡ
⼸ҲʱĶѣδҪġ
䵽ʱҵæʱҪΪҶգһλҲðˡ
˵ǰѺθسסˡ
Ȼûʵֻ֣Ҫֳ˳кܴʵֵġ
θس͸һ칫ˣ֮ǰһίĵ̣֯ɢ֮طҲʱûá
ֱˡ
ڹˣﻹûšΪλЩûսģǰ;δġƤ˾ϰࡣ
Ȼ˵Ҫ֯ţЩĹ˴ǻʶģǿơֻܸȻҲԸżˡ
Щ˲ҲǵλЩ˼ļݡ
ûӦˣõλҰ˰ԼƸϾǴõһܸɻҪȻ⹫˾ѿչ
ô˵θسҲÿˡ
˵ʵڵģΪһ쵼ſ˵Ҫ˭ŹҲͦӵġ
Ҳ
رʵǰƿ˿ڣҲֻ˫ûӡ
ֻЦŵԼúÿŰ죬Ҫٿڡ
Цŵлл쵼
Ҳû
ȻеλĿ⡰Ƥ˾Ǽû˿Ǻܶء֪س֮󣬼廧֣Ҳ˭⵱廧ġ⣬Ҳ˭ǸʱԼ廧Դҵܶࡣ
лˣȻҲȡ
ҲûֱӾֻܾΪѣһˣ쵼ҸᣬҿɲԼ˽ǵͷ
Ͱ¶Ƴȥˡ
˭Ҳ˼Ϊôһȥ쵼ǸԼ¶
ֻԺҪ˵ʱǰ˵һ
ЦӦˡҲӭǵļӦƸʵĿ϶ա
һй˸ˡ
Ű֪ͨ͵ֵ´ȥЩ˾ˡ
֪¿Ĺ˾ԺǸ֮󣬺Щ˶Щֹﻹרųһ˾㣿
ô
Щ˾׼ȸõĻᣬûμӡ
ȵʽƸ죬Ȼ١ҪǺθس֯ͬ־æԼæ


275 
ӦƸ˿, ʱ¿ĵλ˵
ЩӦƸˣӦĸҲһЩҵġΪһй, ǻһЩλʱ
ҪҲȽϸ
Ͼκ֮ǰռͿɲһûʱЩɳˡһϸھҪʼμӹġ
ȻҲǷſƵ, ʮ¶μӡ
ȽһԡǵĻˮƽԼּ
Ϊ˶, Ǳԣͻһʱ䡣
¼ȡҪԡ֪ͨ, ֻҪǱԺϸģܲμԡ
һɫƵŮСʵ, ͬ־쵼ʲôʱԳɼ
Ů˻, Ҳ, ȫһ֪ʶӡ
˵ȴ˹˹ĵġ
ЦҹԾ죬ʱ֪ͨ
ллŮ˵лЩˡ
Цŵͷ
Իῼɶû˸ҿڡ¸쵼²õӡ
ȻҲش
ЩԵһߣͺ֯ͬ־ʼԾˡ
ЩӦƸҲ˿
֮ǰʱŮϽȥ˸Ĺظɻ
Ȼû㽨, Ϊ, ǿһЩСꡣЩҲҪġｨҲʼʱ, Ǯ
ǮȻ, ǺôǸ, ɻҲС
ȻǸ, سˣҶŲ档
÷֮ǰһ٣¿Ǯˡ֮ǰӦȫڲܸ
֮ǰӦƸ֪֪Ӱ࣬ɵ㡣
ӵĹͷҡͷˣŰɡ
ڿũ࣬׳ҲҡСԸڼԵģҲҲˡ
÷˵ĵл
ͷָĹǮ
һɻĹʵ÷ȥӦƸʲôˣ˵һƸϵĹΪⵢһ칤Ǯֵùͷˡ
÷ǮԼܵԣѵйôɣܲһֱʱݶҲˣҪѧ
˵Ҳ̾
ӿǲס
ҼҶбľ
÷ҲǸˣҲ¹ظɻ
ҡ
ҾֻүˡҲѵд֡˵ϴҪǹͷϱԼֶŮϻƹ㶼
÷Цҡͷ˼ҵ¶۵ģ۾Ͳ
Ӱѹֳô
ԼϵĻҳҡͷˡ
÷ǸˣװǮߡﻹŽ쿼ԵĹ̡ԼӦûʲô⡣Լٺú׼
Ե·ˡʹʱ򴩵һסЩûˡ
ֻϣܿϣԺӲźù㡣
ԺݶҲ˵ǹˡ÷žЦˡ
ΪԾĴ֯⼸¼˸࣬ȻҲû˸ɣȻΪ֯£Լ˽ڷЩԵʹҡˮ
ЩĸԸĸһۻ
ҪȻ˭Ҳôƴ
Ҳû취һգ۾Ҫ·ˣ˵ˣϤҲҪ·ݣˮ㣬·ݾͿԿʼ½ˣ˵ҹʱ䲻ࡣ
뾡콫кãȻչ
ΪҶͦԾڶĳˣɼҲ½ˡ
˳ɼȽļ
αҪǿһЩԼ˼뷽Ŀټ˵ĺֲ˽⡣
ֲ˽ĿҲֻһ⣬ʵܶ൱ƽʱҲȥ˽Щ
ˡ
񽫳ɼļȦ
ֻҪԳɼϾˡ
⼸ɼ棬һг÷ģʮˣȽϴġ
עһ£ӦòϾ֪ܶʶǻʱģ˱ҵôˣܿĲ˵ƽʱעѧϰӦǸ˼ᶨҲֵܼˡ
һˡԵˣɹҲߡ
ڶ죬ַ֪ͨȥˡ
Ҳֵͨ´֪ͨġ
ֵ´˳ڽֵ֮⣬ȥЩ˼֪ͨһ顣ôʱ䡣
й¶ҪԹġ
ҶһֵģҶ죬ֵһˡ
죬Ժϸ˶ˡ
һû
ƳسǻɲǸ߿һˡȻһİԡ
йԲͷһˣҲ׼ıȽϳ֡Щ˹δˮֳһЩ뷨
ȽϿš
ЩӦƸҲûЩ⣬ЩûҲ֪ô˵Щ˵˵ϼ۵㡣
ǲϸֻҪ΢е˼·ģ˷֡
÷
֯ĸºֵʱ۽ˣһϳˣǸŮͬ־
쵹һˣװ
Ѿװˣ²ӦǺܾǰ·
΢΢ЩţЦǾ͵죬Լ뷨Ժǹ˾ϾҪģҪ㣬ô
÷Ĭһ£ȻŹΪԿˮгֱӶۡ
۾һ㶮г
÷ҸǰġȻѾûн׼ֱ Щ쵼ͥЩų⡣
ԭˣеѧԨԴЦгô졣
÷û˵ӣϴ˿Ȼʼ˵Լ뷨
СʱҲǸżִ߽ģҲŰڹ̯⡣
ûбǮԼҲ̯ġֻǿǵʱĹʣԷû̯
˵Ҳ˵һ
ˮ˾רŵˮггˮ˾ͳһûˮгԶǳ档
ԽԽˡ
ֹΪҲһ۵ĺ÷ӣΪԼҵһܺʵ˲š
÷ɱ֮ǰ˼뻹Ҫ찡

׼÷Լһӡ
Цݣ÷ﰵ˿Щڴ
Ҳûȥ֪ͨ
½ҲּģȻͳ÷ôһ㣬ʤᣬҲǿԵġ
й⡣
Ȼѡ칫Ǹǵѡ񣬹˲һ׶ˡ
ռСйѡʵ̫١
ͼͳ˳ɼ¼ȡǺ֮ȥҺθسǩ֡
ȻθسģҲʲôԼø쵼ʾģҪ̡
θسЦŵôˣ
ŵͬ־ҶܻŬҹӰ࣬ôЧɹ
θسЦЦ֯ܲ˵ˣǰŵļˣȦˡ˵´οɲҺһˡ
ҲԼĺȦҲϽ꣬óڵ֯鷳
»Ǻ¡θسЦ쵼ģȻϣֵµڿˡ
Ȱһ䣬ȻˣҪע壬ǸıǮ
ǣ֪ˣлл쵼ġ
θسû˵ˣǩ֡ЩԺƳˮ˾ʽˡ


276 
¼ȡٴι˽ֵ
ֵ´ĸ¸߸˵ȥ¼ȡ˼ﱨϲ
ֵ´Ŀ÷Լͥסַ, ȵĲˡ
¼ȡѽ
ֵ´ε˵˻кñġ
, ӿɺˡСҲ÷ˡϽֺǺǵȥ֪ͨȥ
÷סֵĴԺ
Ժõģסżʮ˼ҡҼһһСպš
ⷿӣǳ÷Լ, ǵʱֵ¶ĸĿ, ŵһס
ĸŮ˾סСһ䣬ֻܷһŲĴ, һСӾ㲻ˣȻ档
Сʱ, öԺζ
÷ͬ־, ÷ͬ־㱻¼ȡ, 㱻ˮ˾¼ȡˡ
÷󷹣ֵܳ´ͬ־ˣʵң¼ȡˣ
ǰ֪ͨǰ´ˣȥء
½֪ͨ, ÷һ, ı¼ȡ, һܾ
ǸҪĸλ
滹˸, ǵλĹ¡
÷һ۾ͷ, ֹס, оͺһġ
裬ôˣ
СŮŽţ
µ£ʲôϽʰʰȥϰࡣ
ллҲûʲô˼ҵġ
Ǹ¼нҲϽߣҲȥԷأ
ȸһߣԺֵˣʳ÷ô£ʲô¼ȡˣʲôʱμйˡ
÷μй¶ѹûʹԺ˵
˵ʵڵģԺЩ˺ãЩ˰ҲȷʵôáǹѸŮʵڼѡƽʱҲ۸Ҳðûɵ¶˵
ڶ¼ȡˣҲûʲôµˣͰԼȥӦƸȻ¼ȡ¶˵ˡ
Ȼˮ˾ĳЩͥõΪǸôĵλǶڴԺ˵ʽǺõλҳ÷⻹ǸɵĴֻǵԱģĻӰ
ʱó÷Լһˡ
ҲģһѸ˼ҲҪӻ
⻰ͲԹĿˣ⻰̫ˡ
÷Ҳգ˼쵼ɲЩ⽨ɡ
˵ľͺһˡ
˶ų÷ϲҲˣֹĵʵ¶ż֪𣿡
÷þûϵˣҲ׼˵
˵Ҳá
Ժ˶֪÷ǸˡֹΪɷߵ磬Ϊż˲¡
÷ɷ֯Ĺˣɷò֮⹤Ҳǳ÷Ӱġ
ż˾ǲӦó÷ļޣĻǸŮ⹤ˡɷ˾ȥλ֣̫̫ҪҪģλΪϢˣżˡ
÷ҲûˣԼӣûط˵Ϊǹ˼ˣλֵķӶסˣǽֵ´˸С
⼸ҲԼӵٹɻ˶֮࣬ģ׬ǮĶ
ڻȥظɻء
Һðиõλˡ
˶ˣ÷˵ıԼŮݶǹˣԺۼǹ˼ͥˣȥѧˡ
ݶ߰ˣҲˣƽʱһڼҲֻܸɼ֪赱ˣҲ˵ıס裬ǹˣǰˡ֪˺á
ҪйвˣԺҲַܷӡۼҪˡԺҸഩ·
ݶҪ·ֻҪ費ࡣݶЦ
ҼҴݶԡ
Ϣĵڶ죬εĹǶһˡ
οû֯˰æˣһ˾ǰŹ
ĺǽǿһ³˾ĿǰЩˡҲҪģǸøеҡΪܶ˲˾Բ¼ȡĻᡣҪȻֱ֯ӷ䣬Ҳй
ôһ˵ЩĹȷʵҲˡ
ֵΪһˣŵλɳδλУģǳΪԱĻ󡣡
⻰Ҳˡ
ֻ׼˵ǣŷ֣ԼƺҲֹԵˣлᵱ쵼ء
ָǴһλδ
ǵλСص㵥λǺسسͬʾġ쵼ǿɶءû¶
УҲԼͬĺ
⣬ѪˣͿԿʼˡ
һ죬ǰѹ˾ʰɾˡ
ƵĹƣɨĴɨ
ȻԷλ
λֱӶõģǸǵԳɼĻɼŵġ
Ȼ٣Ǹλɲ٣ۡڡͷӦ̹ܾ칫ҡ
һ칫ҾͲˣǹ˾
Ϊ֮ǰǷû˾壬˷ܡ
˾ʹԺԼ쵼Ļᰡ
÷ܾ칫ҵ˵ʵڵģЩʧ䡣λܺãǿŹ˾Ժ϶Ե쵼Ľ
˭ûϽأ
֪ôģҲ̸˻Ѫ
Ͼ÷еġ
ɵĺãڲǲԵ߹ܵġ
ȻܾҲֻʱģΪɲڿ϶ҲܼΣθ߹ܣĵġ
÷ͬ־ԺĵӿɲɰҶǺܿõġԵϾ;ܲⰲ㵱ҵܾ칫δҲҪеģֻһܾδҪܣ߰칫֮ġʱܵõʲôְλͿıˡ
⻰÷ͷȣңһŬġ
Ҫڰ칫ң쵼ǰҪϲˡ
û뵽Լһ컹Ļᡣ
ԭҪһȶĹ˭뵽Ժпܵ쵼أ
ЦЦˣҲ̫ţҸǰµʱӦ׼
͸ŷ
˾ҪǹӦ̣ҲЩֳȻ۳ȥ
ƺСе
ֻСҪӹ˾Ҫ
˾ֻҪչֳˮȻȥˡһ׬۵ġ
ֻλ׬ǰΪĿģм۲ܸߣάӪˡ
ϾֳҪһĻ֤ûк֮ǵĽֳɹҲҪһĻΪṩɿĻԴ
ΪǵһСϴֳȥֳ˽ˡ
Ȼվڴϣһָ㽭ɽδȫֳ󲿷ֶᾭǵȥ˵ҵ󲻴󣿡
̫ˣ
һֳЩ˸ˡЩˮ㣬žʵʵڵġ
ȥ֮󣬴æˣڵĸϽ׼칫Ʒʼ׼֮ҪõһЩһЩļ
λǲṩԵģֶҪԼֹ׼
żҲǵѵôԼĸλϵĹ
ҵԪСҵѯʱѧˣѧãóˡ˹ȻҪѧϣָɶʱҪˡ
һֱѮſʼʽжˡ
Ŵ˸绰ʾԼҪʼ˵¶ˣҪǷ㣬ʱҲӦһ¡
ΪһţԼģܳһȻá
ź֮Ҫȥʡұˣ׼ǻĿһ̹档


277 
һ, ׼ȫʡ̵ġ
ϾǵһʼԼ˾ʣֻȴʡ𡣶ûгɼ, ҲûȫֽС, Ҳʱ˺ˡСϴ, õջļ, óʤĹʵҿ
ϲȫ, Ҳȥ
ʡǧ˵, ųƫԶĵģԼһЩ, Ҳһǧ˵г
ֳŴ, ȫʡΧ˵ɲ
ʡǵıֽҲרŴİ, ӪλҪչ, Ҳ뾡˰취, ҲҪ
οɲǼ򵥵Ĵ, ҪһԼ¸·Լ֧֡Ϳ˵õ¶ɲܷˡ
ΪԻһڵʱд˸ӡ
СϴһƶĴ, ж, жٸ, ʳȻֽ˸ɲΪƶ¸һʺСϴ巢չĵ·Ǹˮֳ
ֽɽ, ˮ, 㻷
صд˰ҵͨũĸ糤֪һ֮, ʮ򣬰Сϴ¸·
һЩīѿŽܿ佱һǸǴ棬
Ŵţ֮дɽѾʮβ㣬ٹܳˮˣζСϴ¸·ɹΪˮ˳УƳˮ˾ڶ̣ѰҸ廧ڳˮֳˮͻţˮʡ֤۸񹫵
Ȼµ绰˵ַ
ƪȻŹʣΪԣҲܵһĹͶš뾡ܹձ棬Ĺҳ档ΪҲ࣬ص󡣶ҲҪǮģʡʡ
Ϊ˲ʱ䣬͹ģҲϣܹһλá
ȻְλߣôǾǰѧϯЩֽͶһЩʸӣҲмǾѧϵҵġţߴ˼ںʡıʸӣϵˡ
˼Ҹ˸ţȥͶ壬ܺı༭̸̸
ȻܲܵȥǾ͵ÿĸдĺòˡ
ҪдĲã϶Ͷϵġѧص¶ǿɲܷˮˣǶѧ¡
Ҳϣѧϯɳƾϵϱֽ¶
ҲûǸ㣬ҪȻҲỨôʱдˡ
ȻѧϵģɺôҲдܶϱֽġ
˵ǾǸ񣬶ǵõдƪ¡
Ҳ׺ͣҿǶƪºǸдӸĿ֮߳ҾԤУδ˵۹ῴ磬ʱ뿪˻ֻܶ࣬²ࡣ
ЦŵµˣࡣţֻҪĺã˻ܶࡣ
Цŵͷ˼еתˡ
е㲻˼Щʢˣ뿪ˣԼʱܶЩûɡ̫ûˡʵֻҪģܱȥأ
Ҳô˵˼뻹ôġõ˼ҲҪһãҲǺֵõġ
˵ֵڻ㹤
ʵϰιĸ糤ũ淽Ĺ
ྪȣΪ֪ĳģʵܶ˶ǻȥʵϰġЩԸȥطϣʵϰڼҲѡڲӦһµġ
ʵϰ㣬ɲס
ϸĿĸӡ
ҲǸдӾḻˣûʲôģŰôҲ档
ӵݺӱһֳĸо
ũ¸ҲĿǰҪĹѽ⹤ɡ
ڸոʵ±ũǰ¸·ʵڲߡ
ӵпԿСϴũĴӣѾʼ¸ĵ·ˡ
ھ׼ȡʤĹʵˡ
ʲô
Цŵ֪ڳһЩ˻ûйģ廧û·ҵûԴţũ¸ͳоҵϣø¸
ͷȻƪӺܲԵձ
дĵũ¸оҵĿǰҪ
²ϱ¸ˡ
ʾеݻҪʵһ¡ϾҪȫʡˣ˿ģɲдʲô͵ʲô
ЦŵǵȻģҪΪȫʡȺڸ𡣡
ҲԼֱӸƳصũҵִ˵绰Сϴĸأָϵѯʺ¶
ڵõȷеĴ֮Ӿͱˡ
Ӧʱһð棬ֳҵչ֧֡Ҳϣũͬ־ܹ¸·
һƪΪũɫ¸·µ˱ֽ
¶ɫ֣Ǿͺܲһˡ
򡣸˵ںƵģҪ⻹¸
¸˰
۱Ҫԡ
õֽˣƪˡ
Ϊдһ㳡ʱдĸߴˡ
Сϴˮֳдźģֵ֧ܵһˮֳһǴũ¸· شĿ
ֽеóֳۣдʽ֧֣˵չǰܵӣ˵ֳδбϣͻȻˡ
׷ȶԴһЩ廧˵Ҫġ
Щһ̣ͻţ֤⡣ʱĶˡ
ͷʧҵ̫ˣҵʧҵЩ˶ûʹҪˣܲһֱôš󲿷ֵ˻ϣܹ׬Ǯġ
֮ǰҲ·ӣҲȥϷĹڻɵĹǷպܴʮȥģܺúõĻͲˣڻϾͱץˡ
̫ߣһ˲
ĻԴҲҪϵõõġòõģȥǾѹʽ
ⲻ
ֳˮͲһˣԵĶҪ˭ҷ϶óԵ֮İɣ˵ٶٳԣһڵóһ٣ô໧˼ңһĿɲء
Щ⣬ʱȥϵһЩ廧ķ꣬ǳڹˮ
ԽԽʵڡ
ƪϱֽĵ죬˾ĵ绰ͱˡ
Ҳÿֻ̨绰ͷԱһ˸һ̨ҲæĹֻǵ绰Ƚ鷳ѡ
ͷæҵĽӵ绰÷ʱŵ˰æ¼Ϣ
ӣ÷Ͻȥ㱨ϢܣЩǴ绰ѯ¶
ЦǱȻ¶
÷̫ˡһôˣֹ쵼ô
ϸ룬ҲǱȻ¶ҪȻҲϸλ
Ц÷ͬ־ʱ㹻ģأ¶ûţҲǹҲǰô̵ԭ򡣡
÷мллܸôĻᡣ
Ǻú˳ɼԺˣǾֱȥ
÷ϲѣļҪţװ򶨣ҲṼܵڴġ
÷ߣ칫ҵ绰ˣǺθسģѯϱֽ¶
绰ͷθسֵĹЦⲻľϱֽˣһϢû
Ц쵼Ҳ֪ϣû˼ﱨ¶
θس̫ϧˣҪȻԼӵ¶
ԲŲľȥͶġҪӱĶд˽û׼ϲˡ
źҸ˽֪ϣҾ͸öһµġ
θسοˣϾͲˣôҲᵽˡѾķǳˡϿʱ򣬳ǺسˣҲˮֳ˵Ҫ֧Ԯء
Ͼֽ˵ˣ쵼Ӻֵ֧ġ
˵̫ˣܹõ쵼ĹػͰСϴˮֳضܳóɼջļڣͶһθӣչʾ¸·ĳɹʵ
˵úã־Сúøɣġ
֤Ρ

˵绰̵ĺ˿ڲˮ
ܵõ֧֣֮ϲˡ
һǱǮʡء
ʱǳʵʱ򣬾ûôѹˡ
ֺǣ绰ˣΪĸ쵼ڱֽϢսͨԪ
ǷݱֽҲˡϲ
ʱЩ顣ʡıֽҲˣ
ǰԪںҲа´ġ
ЦЦϢͨ
Цڸ顣ϾԪҲҪǺģȴûԪ
Ҳû취ǴӦģҪúøԪ̫ˡҪǳ棬˿ͷˣɲС
ǸĵˣϿôǸʽˡ
һֻԤȣ׼ٸڶȫһ¡´ȥҿҪͶʵʱ򣬲Ÿÿڡ
绰ͷԪ̾˿߶̫ûܸϣ
Цȷʵǻûǩͬأ¶ûҲдȥҪȻϢˡ
ԪҲ֪ǱѾæˡ
Ҳ̾ʵҲûæ꣬æءⲻһæͺö¶ˡˣʲôʱǩͬ
͸ˡ
Ȼæˣ찲˹ȥֻǿϧˣûܸ
ְѻ⳶ˡ
ЦԪʢ⣬һʡڵʲôҺ½ǵĹأδǸ߹С˵ˣϿǱ߲ǵýһǳںأںһΡ
⻰绰ͷԪЦ
ʵҲûˡΪ¶ͺһ˵㻰
Цŵ˵ûء
ЦˣҾ֪ԪһػˣģŶӹǩЭ飬Ҿ
ǲܵģϰյ档
ԪãǮҲûʲôҪġԱֵǮɡȷʵҲסе׬Сг֮г׬ǮĵطɲֹһСϴ塣
ЦˣҾʹԱлԪˡ
ԪЦ


278 
Ƴˮ˾ģʽڻǵһΡ廧ɢ, û֯ԵĴ̡
Ժܶ˴˵绰ѯ֮󣬻صƳǿ졣˳׼ǩԼ
ΪΪ˱֤һ廧棬ˮ˾ÿÿƬֻһҴʸ
ܶ˾ûˡ
Ƴдһˡ
ɴ̴, Щѯ˹ᡣΪúҲл, ˺üĻʱ, εĽӴǡ
, ЩΪ̵ҪҲѯһЩɱ⡣
Щܲˡ
Դ˶Ǿܾ, ΪҲǮȻҲ, ҲҪʽǣǿѡĴ̺ܶ, Ҫ˲
Щ˾Щ뷨, Ϊ͵͵ȥСϴˮֳˣߵĽ۸, ȥǱߵˮֳ, ʡһǮ
Ȼ, ǲ֪, ͵֪ϢˡСϴǱ߿ˣһ㶯˱
ԴҲ, , Լɱ, ⶼ˺Ϳͻ뷨
֪ĿǰҶ˽⣬ˮ˾мյ֮ǰ, ׬ۡˮ˾ҲΪṩ, , ǵѰҴ˾֤⣬ҪһʷãԼ䣬ܻ·Ͼˣˡ
ڶ㣬Ǹǵ㣬֤ǽģһЩ㣬֤һ㣬ҲҪ˹豸ɱġҲǻֱȥֳûҲУҲᷴԣˮ˾ֻΪ˹淶ˮгҲԲǿǿֻʱ䳤ˣԺˮгˣֳܱ֤ǵĻǺõ𣿳ԻˣǸ𣿡
ɲΣгˣܶ˻ҩȥҩ㣬Ȼ͵ⶼжġ
ֻҪΪǴ̣ǵļܣǾһֱǵƳˮƣδϰճԶˣҲ֪ļҵáԼλ˼ԼΪͻеǮǻʵ㣬бϵģ༸ּëǮ¶
ȻһҲҪ˵СϴǸֳѾǩȫȨ۵Эˡ뷨ԵֳҲ׵˵СϴϾǸԵ㣬뱣֤ҴʵȻСϴǸֳģ
ҪԱԼֳҲȥҪһġЩԱҪˮ˾Ͳ˽ȥˣΪûܣ׳¶ʱ˾

ˣԥҲûˡڿûѡˡ
Űѵӿ˵뷨Щ˶ԥˣϽˮ˾ǩЭ顣
¶ҲҪģȫȨ÷ˡ
̵ı׼дĺű׼ѡ̾ˡ
ҲǺôΪҪǩԼģܵˮ˾ĹģΥԼˣ϶Ҫ⳥ġ
÷Ǵһѡ̵ʱǰǩԼԪŵǩЭ顣
ЭԪ֮ǰõģ绰ﻹȷϹˣҪǺ˶Эݣ˶ԺˣֱǩԼˡ
ԪûӵС¡
ûȣΪϷĽݱԪҲΪһûչгôһˡ
ûʣС»һ£˵쵼ȥϷӲ죬ԪҪȥӴ
ЦҲҪһˣԪôҵʲôԪܣǻۻˡ
СĵĵطŲأܡ
С»֪Լϰ屻޵ľܾ¶ΪԼϰûףﰵ͵Цû뵽Լϰ¶ϵС
ΪҪԼϰҪȻҲˡ
ⲻҲϰʾκ
ܣ㿴Э鶼ǰ˵ģǮûԪ˵ˣܵ˼Ͼǲũͬ־档Ҳ߼۸ȥ׬ߵǮԪ׬û¶
⻰˵С
СԼ˵Ķ顣
ԪܵһƬˣ̣Ȼǰũͬ־¸ģũͬ־Ҳֻ׬Լ׬һ֣۲Ҫⲻá
ûͼĺϵûбϵġҲЩ¸˾ǮǴ˼Ǳõġ
Ҫ¸Լ׬á
СȻ𾴣ûб˲ռġ
ǣܣǾͼһȽϺʵķ۸˫Կ
ЦŵͷõĽȻȥԺҪҺԪܵл
СЦЦԼ绰ɣҵʱһһæˣǿɹиˡ
ҲǣԼԴ绰Գ⡣
ȻûãҪ϶ġ
Ԫˮ˾ĺϽˮ˾ҪˣԼҲҪɹ豸ģΪˮ˾ս裬Ҳûɹֻܶ࣬׼ɹ̨豸ж;䣬;ľͽԪ
˵Ҫˮ䳵豸С»ҪæҪг豸ǱزٵģʱǴС
ллǣæҲǰװͬˣҲǶƼ⡣Ǿгݶ
СЦҲлܰæˣͷƼӦû⡣
ĵԪûѡ˭˵ôͿʮ顣
Эǩ֮ԪŶҲûߣҪ￪ֹ˾ˡ
ϾҪߺ
гԽˣЩ˽ҵŵҲԽԽ
Ȼ½дģķֹ˾ûġ
رԪӶˣ϶ǴϷģ˼һϷֻǷ䵽ֹ˾ʱѡҲû˵
ȻõϷˣǷֹ˾ҲҪƳ˰ġ
񽫺¶Ҳ쵼㱨ˡ
θسЦŵˮ˾ûӪʹµ˰ܲ
ЦԺߵдͷҲҪˣԺ˿Ǻܶġ
θسҲǶһЩõģ΢һ㣬ӦƳǾҲע˻ˡ
ʱˮ˾ԽˡԺҪĳΪ֧ͲҵԼũĸسҲǺܺÿġ
ڼ䣬ҲǴƳǾ÷չ
ԽԽڴ޲⹫˾տʼӪ
СհѾᣬʮ֧Ĺġ쵼绰ѯˣˡ
ҲˣϾܵõ쵼ӣ·ߵĸ˳
ȻԵ쵼ʱҲģֳģСõܴӣֻһѡ
ֻɼˣӰ쵱ؾˣŻõӡ
سǶܽҵһǹ˵ס⡣ĵλְ䣬ǹ˾ս裬ʲôûСҲǹ˵ĸ̫డ
ס⣬θسˡǴⰡûӡ
סҲǺܽŵġԼҲסĵλأҲ
ҲȷʵҪĵλзӷġ
ֵ֪ܸ鷳׼Լ⣬Ҫأȵλ׬ǮˣԼҲҪسĵģΧһҲܽܡ
سôСչΧҲˡ
ͺýˣسǱĲ࣬ضడ
УҺؾǱһ£ǻһء
ЦŵлҲǺܸˡϾְ񲻻ְ̫ãӪȶˣܾҪˣҪڹһҪεʱ򣬾﹤˽Щ⡣ɲøԼһɽͬ־Կ


279 
ˮ˾ص¶, Ҳæһӵġ
ϾҪѡַѡһЩҪطӡؾҲҪδ﷢չ
ѡ֮Ҳȥˣڵ˵, ȷʵõ, ЩԶ
δسǷչ, Ȼ֪ɲԶ, гСʱ¶
δгҲϡ, ΪԼĹ˶õгġ
кܶ˾סˣҲҪͨġ
Ƥһ, Ͱ¶æµĹˡ
Ϊæ̵ĹЩȷʵˡ
Ϊֲ, һ˵õġҪ㼦Ѫ, 硣
Ȼ۵ĶЩĹ⻰, ϲˡ
׼ĽĹ, ˵ĺ, ࿴, ƺȷϢ
÷ǵԲ۾˸ҪӡϾסķҲԼģһʮֲ, ŸһõĻԼһĵط
ŴҾϲ, пⲻʲôʱ, ҪġǴĵ⡣
δܶͬ־Ľʮķۣȴ֪ʮҲ, Ϊزû, ķӺ, Ǯ򲻵
ÿʱÿʱѡ
ˣûǮ۹˾һǮû׬ء̽ı֤ҲǲܶģԻҪӪ֮ԼúþӪ׬Ǯˣ͸Ƿܽ겻ɣ֮ڱǡǵһˣ϶ֵܷġ
ЩЩġ
ǿ֪ܲһֱߵİǻڹ縱糤ֻ쵼ʱһ̯¶
һδˡ
ܣһֱ𣿡
ЦİɣҾˣҲҪｻһŵù˵ġŵù쵼϶ҲҪϹ˵ȨġΪ˾չºͣ˾ǲǵġҲ쵼עĵλҺ쵼˵ϻ
ܡ÷˵ҪǷӣ϶ǸǵģǺúù˾׬Ǯ
Ҳ˼Ѫһģ޲øϽ׬ǮϽǷӡ
Ͱѷˡ
֮ǰΪλӰӵ㣬۵ĽŲմصģʱ򻹻ԼĵλôۣЩ뷨ġ
Ϊǿ˷⣬Ҿ;ⲻڸλӰˣΪԼδķӼӰࡣ
ɻѵλչˣӾˡ
סĺùǰţЩҲˣ֮ǰҪţԾӰӵ㡣
·֮ǰ̹
Щ̶Ǿϸѡģϴ̱׼ˡ
ΪѡЩ˿ɲףҪεĶԱȣ̭ġҪǵк˶ԡ鿴֮ǰûʲôףƷû⡣Ϊ˵飬ҪŹȥЩڵصĽֵ´߷õ飬ղŶġ
Ͼʮϸģ¸ͳˣˮ˾뱻ľء
ȷ֮ЩҲϽæѡַˡɲܹ̯иС
ˮ˾Ҳǳŵģᰴմ̵ǲһѡ
һҶ档
иطڷ絲꣬˭ɹأ
¶ȷ˾ʹˣԪĺҲˡ˾ûʲô¶ˣó÷ߵ¶ֱӴ绰Сϴȥ㱨ԼʰʰֻСϴ忴ˡ
СϴֳӾܳˣȥŲŷġ
СϴԱϲ¶û¶ʱȥ߿
Ϊů֮󣬺ˮе㶼ðͷ
һ֪һһȺ
ʱʱðһѣǱðһѣرϲˡ
ҪڴӵģǶȥץˡ
˭ҲûӣΪȫӵ˶ֳˣҸְֳ˭Ҫĸɳ͵¶˭ﶼҪǵġƽʱֽ治ɾˣҲŭ¶
ǻҪֹĴֳ͵㣬ƽʱũʱ򣬵ǿǱӵˣҪһ¡͵
˵˼ˡֻûץסţֻܷˡ
ֳҲǱЩԱˣŵ㳤֮ҪǷԡ
ɹˡ
żճʱ򣬶ЩԱӭٵץ͵¼
ҲþûˣоʮС
ĶԣҪΪǮҪ׬ɲ͵͵¶
˭˵أǸβ͡
糤ʲôʱ򰡣󲻹쿴Ųûš
ЦҪ˶ˣŰɡһġǣȻñԼˡ
ʵЩڲ̵̣ҲҪһꡣȻֳ漼λˣҲӿ첻˶١
ʱҲһǳһʱ磬ԵǿǰһҲôҳʣԵͷ
Ϊǰơ
Ҳϴһ
ΪһҪˮˣҲǸŽأ϶˯ˣ³¶
رˡڶ׳⡣ɲиˡ
糤æˣ
ڰ칫ϣͷˣ͵ֱоˡ
ѣ糤û˵ġ
ûûҵҵġ
Ǹֳ֮ˡ
רž¶ҲڶٿС顣
˵ˣô㣬һӭʤĹʵ
ֹСϴĸɲǹ¶ڹĸɲҲġ
ǳ̾ģ㶼쳤ˣǺԼûɶϵܡ
СϴѾûж뷨ˣ֪ûʲôá
׼СϴɼˣͳҵڱĵطùҲȥֳҲɼ
СϴԼմ⣬ǺôһģṩֳӦûġ񲻻ôС
Ͼȫ¶
ĺܺãΪ˸֣糤ǰ¶ǰڿʱ¶
ʾֵ¶Ҫ죬Ҳ쵼
֣糤һЦҲģҺͺ뵽һȥˡ
Щˣôʲôһȥ
ⲻ˵Ž𣿡֣糤
ǣҲ¶ϾǰģңҲǹǡ
֣糤Ҳʡ͵ģ糤ܵ÷չģǣǻҪˡ
ԣˡ
Ĺǲ֮ˡˡ
һΣѡһǹĺҲֹɽɽҲûȫϣǷֳֿˮ˾
֣糤ʾеһֳ롣
ͷһϿɶԷĹ۵㣬糤һѾ
ڸֳ¶Ǻֵ֧ġҲȷʵ̫ˣζõءǸˡ׬Ǯˣܸ·㽨衣Ǯˣɼ
Ǵһϲϲڻεĸֳѡַǻ׼ʱֳܹ˳˳ġ
ϢҲܿ˵ˣŵǹۺϰ칫ҵΡ
ͬΪŮԵԵʣκϵǻ
֮ǰǺ֣糤ı֣ܾǲףԾûȺк
õʱһЩΪѵҪû׼
ֱ֮衣
λǻ᳭ҵ
ҵҲˣƽʱ㳭ⶼ׼ɹ˳ɹģ֮󣬽ֳԱˣԱ¸·ָ㼯泡ռԱԴìˡ
Ҫ¸ܲԱֻ˰ǵϰ壬


280 
ֳ¶, ҲȥϾÿ쵼ԼĿǣҪһҲǿġ
ĥʽ𲻻̫, ʱ򿪵ֳҲܴ
ֻҪʹûӰ, Ҳ쵼Ÿɡ
ܲΪԼһ¶, ˶Լ뷨
ṩûṩ, Сϴֳ׬Ǯ, ЩҪΪԺڻڹˮֳ׼ġ泡ڶ׼, ҲΪԺԱֳṩġ
ҲĸԱ, ˹硣ǲܵ¶ΪԱֳҲҪ, Щزһ, Ա˵ģڼ, Ҫ, ҪаֻҪֳԱ, а͹һˡ
ֳ, ˾ˣҪ˰
ֻϲҪĺջаú, ʵڲҪȥ
ԼĴ, Ҳûعȥ˵ʲôֻúõ׼, Сϴֳ㣬Կʼ׬ǮԱͬ־Ҳֳ
ĺúõģ, Ǿʹ绰ˣ˵ιֳ˳̸̸¶
Ҳᵽ֣糤Ҳһ
ܲ˵ϱ۲ӭ
ɴˮڡҲŵģ¡
Ǻ֣糤ʱźӭһ£˵˼䳡滰
ˣǺ֣糤æ֮лǵĹⰡ
ǵȻ֪ԼûɵĹֵɡЦŵ֪ȣ࣬ǴһЩҩģȡ
СϴĸɲǶʱˣ쵼ǹˡ
Ҳл
ЦлǺ֣糤ǵĹİ
Ǻ֣糤Цһ£ǵǷιһ𣿡
Ȼû⡣ǿѧ顣
ûʲôѧѧ
Ȼλ쵼ѧϰӣһ·ιۣ⣬ԱҲǽˡ
Ǻ֣糤ˮȺͷȡ
ҪǹֳܿԺö฻ԣǮˣҲܸɳɼġˮ̣û׼ڹ쳧
粻Ҳܸԣ
ðͬ־б£һƬٵġ
ǿ޵
ЦǶ˴ҵĶ֧֣ɲǻŬĹ
֣糤ЦĹҲǲСġ˵ֳҲȷʵһ·ҵи뷨ˣǹҲֳܸҲܶһ롣Ǯȥ㽨ˣǲǣ
һһͣȷʵԸ㡣Ȼͬ־߳һɹ·Ǿ͸··ļֵ󡣡
Цˡ
֪ΪλأΪλݼˡ
Լԣûôί˵Ϊ쵼ʵίˡ
ҲûӻΪе顣
û˵Ҳû٣ֱӵͬ־ڹֳʲô𣿡
ЦҲũһĹ˽⣬ȷʵû취õĽ顣

˶ҭסˡ
ǹһЦҲô˵ҲоˣǴڵ㾭ҲǺõġǹֳ㿴⼼棬ܲṩһ¡
Ȼû⣬Сϴھѵ࣬԰˹ѧϰҲֳʵѧϰûġԱ϶ǲṩˣΪǲǹܣ֮Ҫߵġ
ܸԱЩʧ䣬Ҳǿ󣬱Ͼ˼Ҵʡģȷʵֳܹܲѧ͹ˡ
Ц˼֮⣬㿴豸棬֮ܲǷһ¡Ҳ֪粻ԣ
粻ԣǾʱȱˣǮֳˣҪǼãòǮǾˡ
֣糤ҲòֳֻҲҪһЩ豸𡭡Ǯĵطࡣ
ǿû£ŪʮͶʡֻϱѹȥǮҲġ
ֳҲῪܴȿСģ
ҡͷⷽȷʵУСϴЩ磬бôġǣ֣糤Һֱ˵˰ɣֳ꣬׼аСϴԱġ
ֳаԱǾȡ
֣糤Ҳ벻ͨò׿ˣԱ
ҲְҸΪһֳ·ߵͨԱߡԱûʲô䲻ʯͷˣȻһӣһ¸ϰɽɽˮˮģǶǵġȡ֮֮񡣡

Ǻ֣糤˵𾪣Щš
ǵ˵ģ
ͷֻڻûɼûԱ֮˵θس֮ǰҲ˵Ҫȫƹ㣬ũûǮôƹ㣿СϴֳȴһũԣȻøԣũٰũԣһһ·
Լ뷨ȫ˵ҲϣλܹһԼļƻ
Ҫ㣬ĳҲϣ¸
ʵĿĶһµģԺҲǺõġ
Ǻ֣糤û뷨
̫ˡ
Ա¸
ʲô뷨
ôףҲڸô꣬ôˡԱ˼붼̣ġ
Ϊõİ취ǹԼǮǮˣܸԱ¸
˵··ͨˣ¸¶ˡ
ǻԸԱˮ̣ڹȡǮ֮󣬻Լ쳧һЩԱˣ˹˼ͥˣӲͺˣ֮ǰǸռͲǼҼһǹҲǿ¸ġ
ֳʵϾеԱźһЩԶԱôֳ
еıۣ˵ô࣬Ҳǲǡ
ǳҵ
ôôߴϣҲû
ܲܺϰȥⲻϸɲ硣
Ҳɴ಻˵Ҫֵ֧ĻˣԼɻ󣬡ûкĴӵʱôţĴԱֳ¸ˣǸɿţ
ʱģͬһʱڽھļƻһûɣʱͲ㱨ˡҪ忼ǰ쳧ó㣬ǿõġϾˮֳҪһЩԼ񣬶ǿγɲҵġҶ׬Ǯʱһǻڹ˲ء
Ҳȷʵ˵ʵӵͬõʱһһ߷ãȷʵʩʲôƻ
Ǻ֣糤࿴һۣ˷Ҳ˵󻰵İ
ôţڹ¸ôף
Ϊϸɲѱ㹤ĥģֳȻȷʵǸʱп
ܹŪǮ
ʮҲܸɴ¶
񲻿ܵʱȫ緶ΧǮɡٺöҲ޵ߵͶʰɡ
ǲ֪治׼ͶʡСͶʣЩҵҲϡСϴˮֳԼˮ˾ǮͲˡ
Ҳˣǲ׼֧ˣЩˡ
УǾףͬ־ɳɴ¶ˣڹֳ¶Ҳ鷳ˡԼҲȥ򣬲鷳ˡ
˵ˣ֣糤Ҳҡҡͷ¶ĽЩ⡣
ΪϺԱˣûô
Ŀ뿪ǿˣλҪֳġԼ˵ô໰˵ˡ
ԼԼҲ˵ʲô
ֻܲԼ죬ñ˰죬ΪһڹûʲôȨĸ糤ܲˡ
Ǻ֣糤·¶
˵Ҳѵãô껥࿴˳ۣΪ񣬾Ȼټ¶ˡ
ǵ뷨ǣֳҪ졣Ȼ֧ʽ𲻹ͰС
һҲɼһҲҪ񿴿Ҳܰġñ˸ˡ
ȻΪʽ⣬Ͳֳܰˣɴϰһ
֣糤ҲҺϰ죬ܾò㡣
ˣʱ㻹ʹӣ
֣糤Ҳûڹؼʱ̸¡
ǰһ졣ǵ
֣糤ҲУֿ졣ǹһ֣ʱˣ϶Ϊ
ǣ
֪Ǻ֣糤ôģȹҪֳϢʱѾ·ˡ
ֳ㶼ˣ࣬Ҳһˡ
׼Щһƣ˳׬һǮСż
ֳΪ׼ʱ򣬹Ҳ˹ѧϰˮֳ
ӵۺϰ칫Ρ
ЦҲ׼ˣ˹ѧ
Ѿˣ
ַѡˣһߵǺҪֳء
񣺡罨бҪ𣬺һǸù
ȿȣǿľκ
ˣˣλȻѡǲס
λܹɸΪˡ
ҲûΪЩѧϰˣúǰѵ࣬Ǻúѧϰ
ЩѧˣǻӭģͲԱѧֳ
νո˵ҲԱѧ˼Լ͸Ҹֳˡ
糤û˵ġ
ߵʱ쵼Ը߶࿴ŵ㣬ѧ
˼糤һ뷨ûС
ЦҶ˶ѧˣЩԸѧϰҺܻӭֻ﷢չ¶۲ܡ
ЦҲ糤ܴ컨ڹ¸⻨ڣ㣬ҲøԣˡƽʱͺҲϾߣҪֵ֧ġ
ЦŵͷҲû˵
Ϊ񣬾ҲûعȥֻСϴȴһӡҲæ
ЩѧϰûͣǺԱһѧжѧٱ¡
ԼΪ׼
ԭ׼ѮͶֵģΪȣЩʱ豸ɴֵһӣһֱȵѮˣſ
ͬһʱ䣬ڳĳ÷һˣҲϽԪˮ乫˾˺֪ͨʡڵЩ


281 
컹û, Сϴˮֳˡ
ĳֳŶӵţÿÿĹȫȫĶ顣
ֻ׼һ, һҲˡ
Ϊ˽ʮβ, , аٷ֮ʮˡ
⻹Ǳعơ
ЩıȽϿ, һ, Ҳǳˡ
ôһ, ҲǼ㡣
ʼ֮ǰ, ǹ˹, æµһ֮, Сϴˮֳջˡ
ǴҹͬŬĳɹ
Ϊףһɹȹ֮, ÿ˷ȥԡ
ɲǺԱǸ˷ܵĲˡ
ΪڶԱʱѾ, ֮, ÿ˶, ôȥʡ
Ա˵ѾܶˣΪ٣ƽʱҲΪ˳ͣԱԡԸȥԡ
, ҲΪͷյһ̸еϲǹڷյϲ֮顣
ȻǮԼ, ֳ׬Ǯ, ⹤ܳõĸȥ
СϴֳԺ϶ڶ㽨ġ
ԱǻҪ˷ܵľǴӵĸɲˡЦĺġ
糤̵һβ, ջСϴģʣ
˺ͺȥ㡣
ӣãҾ͵ʲˡ
˵Žӹ˺ȻѾһСһ¡
ͨͨͣòס
ȴ˷ܵĺ÷ʵ㰡糤ãʵɡ
Цǵıݡ
ã涼ǰѡ㣬ҲͼԢ⣬ϣ㶼ʡ
Աǵǲ֪ĻһҲǸ˵Цʰ糤á
糤Ҳء
糤õĲˡ

Ǵˣɴ**һӣ
һ£Ѿװĸɲ͹һ洬ʼȥˡ
ڰ׼װĹ豸
ڰϿǡϵЦҲֹס
ķһ̫
ͺСϴľһԽԽ
洬ϵĽϰӻƺˮ˾ŹĻƳ֮ϳȥȥ֮ˮ˾ðĿˡ
Щ洬˰Щˮ۾ȡ
ö㰡ʱ򣬴ҶۿŵģôСû뵽ͳôˡ
ҲֵǮⳤ˾Ͳһˡ
ЩԱѾʼˡһܾͼǮȥľͲһˣ˵㣬˵ˮ˾գëǮһ찡Ҫһ㣬Ǯ
Աû뵽ʲôʮˣǾһͺܶˡ
һ갡żԱǽģ㻹Լء
Ա˵һһ㣬ǧǮһʾ޿ˡ
˼ͥһҲֻ׬ٿʱǧ˵ǾԵĴˡ
ʵҲ㣬ΪģʮСûô֣Ҳûǵע⣬糤⶯̫ˣȻҲԱǶˡ
ҷ׷׸пԭ㣬׬Ǯû˵أ⻹ʵʵ׬Ǯˡ
СϴҲһЩӻԱѾˣԼҲѧˣԼҲҸط㣬ģòá
еһʱ쳹׵ˣ̫ҲˣԵú֡
ͬ־ųѸٸˣͿʼգˮ㣬вĹ̡һȥһ㱻ַյĳ档
ô㣬ЩǶ˷ˡ
ǴŰ
ĿСϴˮֳʼˣ˶ע¶ء
ӱúд
һ첶֮̽ͳƣһһǧ㡣
⻹Ϊ̵ˡ֮ˣһﲻ¶
Ϊһ㣬Ҳæ˿һˣ۵ûˡ
Ҳŵԣǽ㣬ǻȥʡ
æµһĹ˾ˣԼ͸߸˵Ļؼҡ
һ죬Сϴ˶̸ˮֳ¶
˼Žķգ˶ٷ㡣
ЩʼԼĿԡ
Ÿɸ廧ˣֳ㣬Ȼȥȥ
СϴĸɲҲһֵͷ㣬Եĸ߸˵ġ
ӵĻƸһˣһ죬ȥǾ8652.3Ԫˡ
Ϊˮ˾չǰõģǮȫˣһεˡ
ӸɲǼĲˡ
Ǹô꣬ӶûôǮء
ڹһ졭ţҲ˵һ죬ϾæµһˡһҲֹЩ밡ɻкܶܶء
ҪٳһЩɱأԼָǷݷֺ졣
ҲǼǧأ۲̰ģ㹻ˡЦŵ
ɲҲͷǧأܲôһﻹռʮ㣬ʮǮ
ֵһЩҲܵһЩء
Ҳ˵æµһˣôҸҲá
ͷһ㲶̽ˣҾ׼Աˡ۶Ｘٻ˼ңҸܴոٿǮǼˡ
۴ңǲǮǻһûҲ׼ˡԼģͺһ꣬ȻʡǷνǱǮǡûɡ
ǸĻˣˣҲͷȻû˫þۺɢԺ·Լߡ
ǮȷʵСϴֳĻЩе豸磬ЩǮġ
СϴҲûǣ֮ǵǮǵģǷһַֺء
ȻʵǱʽһθҲòö඼豸ˡ
СϴĸɲҲ֪ԼҲû˵
϶ӳǸʵˣ˼˵ǹӲš
˼ҵǮ˻Ͱ˸˦ˡ
Цˣû£ЭԼõģһꡣҲ൱ǽǮֻзգԲͶʵġ˴һ׬ˣһ׬ҲЩǮ
ҪҪ
ηգҪѿٴ
ʹֳ֮Сϴ弯ģţϲʡ
ɲǶĿ
һԱԼֳͥ˿ڶģǾԼʵˣСϴֳԸṩ֧֣ԼǷȵһˣٻǮ
СϴĸɲǶͷʾͬ
Ǿ֮Ӧûһ˻Ը㡣
˵˵ڶ㣬ԱǷȱһЩҪ˴Ÿɣͺ͵߼һڶ㣬ҾÿԱͶǮֳȻͶǮֺ졣һֱ׷ͶʡȻٶͶʣȨڴӣɴӼҲҪԱ˵׬ⶼһġ
ðźá϶ӳͬˡ
۶ЩûǸ͵ɡѻô죬Щ˼òٿء
Цöپö٣û޶õöֵ࣬Ķ࣬õ٣ֵ١ǵĿǴ¸ҲҪǮǮǳһϾŽܴƸһ˳һƸĸˡ
һѵļͥҲиָˡֻҪͶǮֵܷǮ
ֹˣܸģӴԺҲֳˡû˻͵ƻһĶֳЭ¡
ôţеĸɲ۾رȣĳ嶯
֪СϴҪˡ


282 
Ϊ˲ù̫, ϢӲҲ׼ǰȥҪȵһ̹˵
˵֮Щ˰ҹ˯, Ӱڶ칤
β̹һ졣
ÿж١ܵ, Ҳ㡣ʣµҲŲ, Ͼˮÿ춼Ҫ, Ժÿ첶һоˡ
⼸첶̵Ķ, Ҳֻǰг
ǵ͹ʱϰյĹ
¾ʡ, ⼸Ҳÿĸɸɾġ
Ȼ, ҲΪЩҲˮ˾Ӫǰڲȥʽ, Ще˵, ôҳԳζˮгҲ
ˮг, Сϴˮֳյĸ, Ҳٴʡڵձ
ֽϴСϴֳγ, ηչ, ηյĹ̡
ἰʮͶʣԼֳӴĹģ
˵СϴֳǰֻǱֳȫԼӱͶ, δ뽫ᷭ
дĻ, ЩһͼƬ, ЩƬ棬ԱǺ͸ɲϲЦݣ⻭ůÿֽ˶ż
æֳĹϵˮ˾ʱ, ڰ칫ҿֽˡ
ⱨֽдģͶ뵽ʡﱨֽġûġ
ʵҲ׼˸ӣʱ򷢣õһЩ¶̸ˣܷȥ׼ȫձ
յ칫ҿ걨ֽͽӵһѵ绰 бģ쵼ģѯֳ¶ġ
رĺθسǻϲͨ绰߶ݹˡ
źθسˣҲȥ㱨̸̸ֳһİš
θسУҽʲôæˣͿճʱ̸¶
лл쵼
˵
˵绰ȥˡ
θسõĲˣ˺òҶд
ȻСϴֳȫطΧڣҵһЩҲǲܱȵġ
ǲһģũ¸һɿĵ·
Ҳһɼĵ·
ϾһȺûʲôĻũͬ־¸ʵ̫ˡ
Ե˰칫ңһӶûڣˮݲ裬ǺòҶƽʱ᲻úȵġ
Цҿпڷˣ쵼Ʒˡ
θس㵱˳ɼй͡
Цź˿ڲ裬ζ㣬ȷʵ
θسúӡ
˲裬ںĹƻ
Ҳ̸ġ
СϴѾɼˣ·ҲǿԸƵġ׼ƹˡ
Ҳһºƹ¶
Ҿ㱨ġȫطΧڵģʱûǣԵ棬˵˵ҶСϴԼڹһƻ
θسͷҲȲˣš
ʮҵġ
ͰԼ֮ǰСϴɲ̸ţкͺθس˵һ顣
ܽȿԱ֤ԱԼ¸Ἧĸһ棬ֿԴЩûԱϺӡ׬ǮԼֳԱԺи䡣Һڻ׼Աƹ㵾ļʳ㣬ֳķֺ죬ԱǶܿʼϸԣˡ
θسϸ꣬ȻԼһ㣬뷨ܺá
ũ¸͵ĵʲôһ˸ԣˣһԽԽ
ȫпܵģũͬ־֮䣬ҲǴڲġ
θس˵Щƹ㡣
ҪҽҪǵĻڹķչƻˡڹ粢ÿӶкԴģǾûа취úֳˣǲȱˮԴԳֵôԭеĳС֮ģԿءȻвֳԱҲһ·ߡ
θسʮָȤʲô·ߣ
ĸӲҵҲҪϵģҲҪԭϡӼϳڹôֳ£ϳǲõûġСʽֲ豸ţҪǶԶ룬ܶԱܷеĸ̻ˡ
θسţİƳƺˡͬ־һвŻֹ㣬ԾҲǺܶġ
һδƳũķչģʽˡ
ǻеǣʱ㡭ҲС
ЦˮֳֻΪãʵˮֳܲɷֵĻмֳĿǰֻӴˮֳһˡ
θسѾѵˡˮһ꣬ǾæܾأǳɼҲǺܴĳɼ
Сհ뷨ܺáرԻڹİţţũһ飬ɼ
ЩΪˣڻڹƹ㣬ܻסֻСϴһӵ¶ء
θسһ㶣漴Ҳ˼ɫһ壬˭˵ģһĸɲȨ˭˵Ķ㡣ȥƹ㣬⣬⣡
վлл쵼֧ҵĹ쵼֧֣ҶԷչڹľãġҲϣСϴģʽԸ磬δһڹģʽһҲ쵼Ρ
θسЦ־ģ
صˮ˾Сϴ¶Ѿ˻ˡ
÷ˣҲ㱨ˮ˾
ˮ˾յļǮ֮ǰһëǮĲۡ
Ǯ࣬ɱӪɱʵû١Ͼˮ˾ҪĿǹ淶г׬ǮĿġҲҪô׬ͷϰտ򵽱˵ԡ
ֻʱģϾĿǰֻһֳȫضֳˣǿǴʵǮˡ
Сϴֳÿ춼ʵˮĿһҲͼǧ
ˮ˾ÿ춼ġ
һҪó÷ʮָˡ
ֻȷʵˣչ֮󣬴Ҳŷæµʱ򣬱֮ǰ׼Ҫæˡ
÷㱨Щ֮󣬾ͺֵ⡣
˵ǿŰ졣ҲҵˣҪġһҪϸҪǧ˽÷ͬ־Ҫ֪ڻ𲽽׶ΣµľǺȺ֮һһȺ֮ܺ˵档ðѺùءµˣڡ
÷ʮָжΡҲΪΣкܶĻᣬ̶̵ʱ䣬оԼɳ˺ܶࡣ
˵Ĺó÷ǸˣøϽȥСϴֳĹ
Ҳؼ¶СϴԱ
СϴĸɲﻵˣŴ¶ϲ£Ǿǲ˵
û˵ˣ¶Լϱ˵
رȥ֮Ǿ
ģڻˡ
һ͸ǣСϴֳİżƻѾͺθس˵ˣθسҲͬˡ
ҪӼ飬
㶨ˣԱͶˣ硣ԱҲзֺˡ


283 
Ȼ, ֮ǰļҲҪġ
ΪСϴڲ¶Զþ, СϴӲֱӳļˡ
, Ϳһʽ, ڻԵġΪ˽ϸơ
֮ǰϸ֮֮, , Ů, Ǽ޹ϱ, ׸ŮԲֳͶʡ
ֺһҪ㵽ÿ˵ͷȥűδͥڲì, ԼȨ
Ц, к
϶ӳ, ŮҪǳô죿
һŮӼ֮, ھתȥˡ
, ֻҪڲת, ܱݹȨתˣͳʡ
ϾδڹӶҪչģһڲӵĴͬ־Ҳһ, ڲת, ҲǲܲͶʵġԻΪ׼
϶ӳ, ϶ܶŮӲתء
Ͳת˭Ҳû涨һҪתڵġ
Ӹɲ޻˵ʵҪǺܶӰѻתô죿
ţŮ, ʱֺ죬Сϴ˾ͱȽϳԿˡ
ֻҪͶˣиǮֳֳ˶Ҫ˺ܶˣ²ܸ㷢չ
ҲЩ˰˼̫ˡˣͲûǮ糤֮ǰռʹӣ˼ֻҪŮǷӣǮģСϴһռ𣿡
϶ӳǺٺٵЦ糤֣ͻȻԴûתȡתת
˵˵ȥ⻹ŮôûҶϱڽôأ
ɲǶ˼ЦˣϹˣһת
ҪĸˣڹץƻΪӳⶼһЩϹµġ
˵ƻ϶ӳҲһͷȥеߣܵԽϸˣһģ˭Ҫǳˣû취ܡ
ˣǶ֪ô졣
ҪѾ÷չͼƻϣԱӶǮŮһ
϶ӳ糤ǻᾡⷽ湤ġ
⣬ÿԱֺɲСĿ
ÿͶʡԱǮڴ档ǮֳͶʡϾž÷չδǮһ۾Ϳʼ仯ˣ˹Ҳˡһơ
Ҫ
Ҳʶ֪ʶҪˡ
߲ǲһδұֵƶԤ⡣
ҪԱϹ㣬ǺͿİ¡
һ㣬Ҳ˷⡣
ͶʱϾзյģСϴֳѾɹˣҲܱ֤˵һξ׬ܶǮ
һͶʣҲҪģͶʲܳ١ȿԱ֤ͶʷտɿأԱȫǮͶһҲԱǲȫҵǮͶһˣһ˻ƲͶ¶
⻹пܡ
ʱΪͶ¶ֵļҼһɲС
ÿһͶʣ׼޶
ΪϼƻߣɲǻδĺӣûʸͶʡǻ
غʲô¶ǵ⣬ΥߣҪ֡һӣȽʸȡˣٳȡͶʸ񡣡
ɲǣеЩԼôġ
ÿǵϸڶǺˣСϴҪʼˡ
ϣӾٿ˻顣
Ϊ϶ڼĴҳ繤֪ͨ
Ҳû˾ۼֻ֪ͨڼſ㲥Ϣ
ĴһЩ˶ŷͳţſˣ߳Է㲥
ԱߵھҲŶˣֵ죬Ҳ֪Ҫɶᰡﵹͦģ۶üˡ
ɲ𣬻ܱ߿ᣬûǰôˡɲǶ˵һ˵˵ͣһҲ
Աǻʱ϶ӳĴɤžڹ㲥ˣ͸һӼ飬СϴӵǣͣĹԷҲˣзǳҪ¶ҪǺڵĿޡ
⻰ЩԱЦˡ
ǣӵ֪ͨ
ûԣΪһ糤ҲͻɲЩ¶ɡ
ڹ㲥СϴԱͬ־ǣСϴˮֳΪӵԵأΪ˴Ա¸ĵ·ġڣСϴˮֳطˣֳҵǳɹģеһ·
Աŷ֧Ŷ䣬ĵ¶Ҷ֪˵ʲô
ͬ־ǣԵɹˣСϴҵһ¸ĵ·СϴҪʼԱͬ־¸ˡ
¸֣Աǲ˾ֹ׬ǮˣҪʲôˣ
糤ָʾԼСϴӸɲȫƱͨṩ¸·Աѡ񣬵һԱˮֳֳѧϰǷһڵ硣ֳ豸
⻰ЩԾԱʱˣվŴķ߹ȥƺĸϸһЩ
Ҫô֧֣Ҳǲа
һЩû뷨ģ˵ҲĶˡ
ܵõô֧֣ǳɱҲ󰡣ԼҲǿԵġ
˵ڶ·ˣڶԱûеɵ뷨ͶǮСϴˮֳأֺ졣ֺԱͶʶˣԴӳʾϸļΪ
ʲôзֺ죬ʲô˼
ԱԼļˡ
˶ЩҲ󶮣ǿͶֳ¶˵ˣͶǮֳȻ׬Ǯ˿ԷǮǸʲôҵ׬ء
ͶǮ׬Ǯ
ⲻԺԼиԴ
Աڶˣ޲ͶǮɶ˼ôǮġ
ںҲڹ㲥˵ˣЩԱʣСӳѯҲֱȥӲ
ЩСӳˣԼʶĸɲ
ϣСϴԱһ˯״̬ҹ˶û˯ڸɲѯ⣬ᡣ
ȻŪνķֺ˼ˡ
ֻҪͶǮֳֳ׬ǮˣҲܸ׬
Ͷһ٣ܵһ겻һ׬һ٣ֻ׬ʮ飬ԺǿһֱǮġһμʮڶμʮֻҪֳڣǾܷǮ
ȻҲܿΪ¶϶ֹ׬ġ
СϴԱֳĵģǿǿ϶Ҳֻʱģʱ϶׬ġһǵͲʲôˡһòǮ
ҺǻԽֳֺ׷ͶʡԺǷֵǮҲԽԽࡣ
˽Щ֮ЩСϴԱǼ˷ܣ˵Ŷ۾ﶼðŹ⡣
Ӹɲ뿪ͲϾѯˡ
ѻҲˣǮ࣬ͶʮвС
ɲǾ͵УôУȻУֻҪ٣ͶٶУ
ЩѻǸ˻ˡ
رǶҲй¹ˣΪԭ򣬼ûС¶ӼãҲжٽӼãصĻҲɲˡ
Ժÿٶеˣڹ̫
Ҳ˼ˣŸɲޣӰǶǺøɲ
ţ̫ţ糤ģǺøɲⶼġ
˰Ǹ˰̫̫˵⣬·˼һ˥ϵ˾ˡ
ҹЩԱؼҲ˯ţǿʼôͶǮ
ÿ޶ġ
СϴԱȻЩҲЩ
˿ڣ߰˰ٲ¶
С˿ڣҲܴİ١
ǮҲҪͥġ


284 
ڶһ, ͶǮˡ
ֳĻƸŴӲĻæҵǮ
ӸɲǼǣԼЩԱɻ
ȫû룬ֻǴԹ۲졣
Ϊģʽ, СϴҲԵ, ҪԵлЩ, ´ȥĴƹʱ, ͿԱˡ
⵹û, ԱԼͥ⵹ʱһЩˡ
ƶߵʱѾһЩͥì, Ȼ޷ȫ⡣
Ǵּҵ, ϶ӳشӳѾ˺Щˡ
Ϊ϶ӳЩƣöֻͬ, ͬ
Цŵ, ҪǼͥƲ⣬ִҳһ˲ƲѾˡ˭ܱ֤һҳƫأ
үү̺ͶһӺϼ, Ҳû˵ҪҲȨġ
϶ӳ, ʱڱ䰡
ǰϹǻ, ϼҼһġ
, ˳Ӧ仯ԽԽáּҲûʲôҲǲˣ, δŲΪ˲Ʋֵĸ󡣶ԺǮ, ԣ, ҲΪ˼ëƤС¶ƽϡ
϶ӳ̹ȻĽı䣬һֱȰϣ浹ǻʼȰˡ
Ҳûˣ˼ԼͶǮ, ԺҲܷǮչˣҪ˼Ҳܶˣ˭ﲻչ˵ģҪڶﱻġ
СϴͶʻһֱ˾·ݲŽ
ҼһͶˡͷ㣬ǰٷ֮ʮ˲ˡ
ʣµİٷ֮ʮ϶ûĺӡûĺӣǲֺܲġ
⻹ʣһСѡԼ㣬Լϰ塣
ˣСϴһҲյ˾Ͷˡ
һǮǴĻ˿֮ѹֳһֱнˣֳھ·ʮβֳȥˡ
磬˱ϴλҪࡣ
ϾЩ綼ԱģԱǿˮǳ˱Ǯӣһ˵Ц
Ҷֳ˰ţԾ빤ֳһЩܼ¶
Щп
糤ҵҲôһģ˵æˣͶǮûС
⻰˵ЩΡ
Цڿ˰ɣǻǺмġ
ҶˣЩũԱʵʵڵˣۻһײʵˣǿʵʵڵı
ˮСϴԱǶˣʼ߼Ҵˡ
ǿ񶼳Сϰˣϲ²ܲ˵˵
ⲻ˵ͱûš
϶ӳʼЩģ̫NɪˣԱĽʣʱ糤鷳
νƲ¶ס
ֹ֧ǳȥ˵ԼȫͶˡ
棬Сϴϰշֺɵ¶˵˸ġ
ҪϱˣɾͲֹڹӿԿˣȫ˶ܿˡ
ʹòݸģڹɷݷĹ֮޸ģͶˡ
ӵֽũˮֳũĸ¸֮·
ҪΧƶũСϴ壬οʼ¸·дġ
ݺ֮ǰʡͶЩƣֻһЩϸڡּСϴ¸ģʽ
Ͷ֣ͶҲĺˡ
Ҫӭʵ¡
ǸĸڣҪĸ֮·ýʱũĸΪ⣬кܴļѡϡ
Ϊ֯·ļйڸĸ˼дһЩȥˡ
УֹΪСϴ巢չ¸·˳Ҳѿٴεĸһ
ϴηյʱʡǵζǽˡ
Ҳ˶Ͽĳŵˡ
Сϴһӷĸı䣬ȷʵûбҪȫǾͺ͵Сڴ˱ֽһģʽǰͷˣͲһˡ
һ˱磬֮˱ļλۡ
ܱı̬֮£ͬǱ
ֽûڴȴѾʼˡ
ΪСϴԱǵΪڹ硭ԼԱҲ֪Сϴ¶ˡ
绹˵ǻڹԱŲסˡ
֪Сϴʱ򣬾;ǵ˺ô绰糵д
ЩԱҲ룬òҲ
ڲһˣ˼ͶǮȥ֮ԺõľʵʵڵǮ
ǮǮԺǵǶǮһһݱϡ
õʹ˸ɲûǮҲõĺǳˡŮӣһݱˡ
ЩӵԱڼСϴ˴ţ˼ʮβ㣬ǮֶܷǮۡ
רȥСϴӲ¶ڵõȷеϢȷǴţ֮ЩԱסˣڼԽȴģȥԼӸɲˡ
˼ҴӵģʼȫӵǮˣǻʲô
ǰûصʱ򣬴ӲܴŴһֵأٸɵڵҲˣҸˣӲûɶɸˣ֪ͨһϢʲôûɣŶץ
ԱڴӲҴӸɲۣΪʲôô
ӵĸɲͷˣҪܹ׬ǮҲ׬Ǯⲻǲ
ڴӲﻹûǮΪǰӹҲǽֳûǮǽǮ
Աǿɲʲôɣֱӽˣ۲˵ͱĵطȣҲȲˣһģ಻̫ˡСϴ۸ڣضأ죬˭Ⱑ
ǣ۶⣬һɻģôôã
ЩԽ˵ԽӸɲǶû취ˣ֪¶ˡ
ʵҲ⣬ԼҲأͬǴӸɲСϴĸɲβͶˣԼǱԱǱƳˡ
Щӳֻܣȥҹ쵼ѯˡ
磬Ǻ֣糤ҲææŽǸֳ
⹤治򵥣涼Ҫע⣬ҺСϴֳ뼼֧ˡҪȻǻ㲻
ⲻҲȥء͵һճˡ
⻹ûճɣǵ˸ӵĸɲǵ߿ˡ
߼ҴӵĸʮֵļĳŲסˣǰһ˵Сϴ̫ܵˣ̫ˡǳˣ⻹ࡣԱֲɵӣ֪Ƚء
ǻ治֪¶
ΪӶæԼֳ¶ڱͲǺСϴȻ͸ˡЩӸɲṩϢ֮֮ǰ˵Щˡ
ΪǸѵĻʵʩˣѼָԱˣ
ⲻǺһ㣬Ҳ ôƽ⣬ôȶر𱻶
ӿڻڹˡ
֣糤֣ܺ¶ð졣
Ǹɴһ绰ʹСϴ壬¶
ģ
ӵ绰ҲţѾ֪ˡ
Ҳ֮ǰԤϵ
ҪúǺ֣糤ϰյ׷
֮ǰλϲ£ǶΪԱԼҲ֪ôڴҶشˣȻӦôˡ
Ͷｻһ׼عˡ
Щģ糤ҪҪҴ绰壿
ã¶ȷ飬ʲô¡֧֣֯а֧֣ʲô
˵Цһ£˵ԺҪˣĿҲˣڳǹҪҲᾭˡ
϶ӳǲ죬㲻ˣ
ЦҲǻڹһӣȻҲܣֻǲ֮ǰһˡǲĸɲԼҪˡȻҺĹҪֳ֧֣Ҳϣǵʱ֧֡
ɲǻ࿴ۣرд
᲻
糤ڹôСϴԶ֧㡣
϶ӳҲûû㣬ûСϴڣҪʲô֧֣Ǿ͸ʲô֧֡Сϴ쵼
Цˣллİ


285 
żճȥ˹硣
һ˻վڹ߳, ߵ⣬רˣⲻᡣ
ͬ־ˡǵ
³, ӳͷ, ʵ, ʲô
㻹, Сϴġ֣糤˵
ǹܹ羭õ, ôһ, ѹ
, ԭΪСϴ尡СϴҵĹҶ, ͦðʲô⣿
ǾװͿ, СϴǸʲôͶʷֺ죬˼, ˶, ƻ˹ȶԱŴӸɲѧء
ԿЩɲ, Աôˣ
һڴӸɲǶεĵͷ
ĸ߼Ҵǵ, ڶڴӲأǻ硣δҶ
ǣôأܲСϴǱֹͣ, ôһ, СϴҲҪַˡֵĶӳȥ, ˭ã
ʹļףӣΪǷȱǡô֮ǰôͲһأ
Цŵ, ǣ˵һ濼ˡ
ǣ
Ŵҵһͦԥڿ⻹ԥˣôһǲܵģСϴһӦСϴҲעģϹֽģҪϨˣǲﶪ쵼ҲӦֻһ¸ˡ

ǵôһ¸Сϴ壬㻹Ͷʣ
ĥҪ£û׼ҲҪæġ
ЦͶʿ϶аӲ֮ǰԱǮ¸ҵԮֳɵˣСϴԱҲǮˣӵԱҪһ¸ȻҲҪǮˡ
ŻЩµĸɲǣҪ۽˵⿴Щû˵ģͨѶԱȥߴߣŴڣҲ¸ᡣ
˵žߡ
Ǻ֣糤ԣʱ࿴ۣһơ
ʲô˼ʲô˼ջҪˣ
˶ŸţҲż
СϴĹ첻֣ͬģҲڹ֡
ɲô룬ֱӽ˹档
ӸɲǶ֪Ǻ֣糤û⣬֪Сϴ̯¶ģָأϽ˹ȥ߻ߺţ糤¸ô°ҲܺСϴ㣿
˸λ£ȴˣ¶ΪСϴģҾ̸̸Сϴ塣̸֮󣬴ٷԣô
˻࿴˿û˵
ǵйϵ
Ȼйϵֱӹϵ̸Сϴˣܽҵ⡣
ǵУ㽲֪˵ʲô
Ͷʾ⣬ɲ˵˵¶
֮ǰСϴֳȷʵʮͶʣǽ꣬ѾˡΪѾһ֣СϴֳǷ˼һǮҲΪʲôͶʵԭΪҲҪģûа׳Ե͡Լ㽨裬;Լ㡣׬ǮԼġ
һ⻰Ĭû˵
ֵ˵˵СϴڵӦҲ֪ˣСϴڻ˿ͶֳȻǮʵʵڵ¶ֺ죬ǰÿֵġԺͶӣֵǮҲԽԽ࣬ò꣬ҼһʲɱǷ·Ҳǳ¶⻹ֻԱģҲǸ׬ǮģΪ÷ֳȥǮȫڴӲ֧䣬ǿ㽨衣޽ѧУ·š
ӵĸɲĶȺˡӲѵľûǮĺܡ
ҪȻҲ뽨ӰǲûǮ
֣糤ͬ־СϴĺãҶ֪أ
ҲҽҪ˵ģӵķչѾ˼ƻ
վŷ۱Сڰдһ㡣
Ȼʼ䣬ֳ
۹ɲֹһӿģȫհСϴģʽСϴѾˣʱȸǷһ磬Ը޳ṩ顣ǰû豸ʱ豸˵Сϴ֮ǰʮͶʣʵΪдӷչˮֳµĻǱʻҪСϴȥλСϴ¸·𣿡

ӸɲһĬҪǰ糤ô˵ģСϴ滹Ҫæأ˭Ͻͷ
СӴӵĶӳǶûź
ЦŵҶ֪ҸǼȥ߹ˣҲ˽⡣۹һоŸӡȱˮԴġĸźġӣǲٺжġԹЩӣչƻҲǲһġҲ˵ĸʲôҾὨ飬Լȥѡ
ٺհСϴģʽȱˮԴģˮϳˮӹʳƷϳֹˮģġ⻹ԴġгԴģԹԼͥΪλֳṩھ֮ġ⣬һֳֵ취Ҳ롣
ɲЩƻϽ
ԸԼѡһչ⻹ء
Ǻ֣糤ţɫȴЩˡ
ʲô˼Ҫˣ
ǰͬ־ڹũ湤ţǲǸù翪ᣬ˽ˣɲϹء
ǣҲûǿҪôɰֻǴҪҽ⣬ҾķҲǿ󡣡
ǣ
֣糤ЩҪǮģҲе𡣡
⻰ͬһˮͷһˡ
ȷʵûǮ֮ǰе㣬ȥֳˡ
ȣҲöǮ˵ˣޣõ֮㡣綼Ƿɱ͵ľ֧ŵġڰϳⷽҿ԰æЩ߼ƣԱǶҪͶǮģмʽ𡣴ԼͶһֽչȨС
ռǱ߾ϳء
ԼˣҪǰ첻ǻû˵ġ
Ӹɲû˵ˡ
ʵǲ֪˵ʲô
˵Ҫ⣬Ŵ¸糤Ҳ˵ˣûǮ
Ǻ֣糤̬ȣƺҲǺ֧Щ
һʱ䣬ҶЩĬ
ǰˣ͵ˣ飬翪˵Ȼȥ
ӸɲǶԥȥû
ȻȥԱ˵ڴ¶ˡ
񰲸ܻġ
˵⻰Ҳߡ
½½ˣǾͰѸ糤ϵĸɲڻˡ
ͬ־¶ô̫ˡǵ
糤Ҳ
ЦŵǣôˣΪǺ°Ҷ¸ôϡ
ǣ
֣糤εǰźǽˣ̫ͻȻˣһ׼ûС
粻һֱŴ¸ⲻһֱ׼𣿡

糤Ƕû˵ֻͬ־Ҳβǡ
˴һȦΪȻԱԸô¸ǾʹǡСϴˮֳΪˮ˾ΪϣֳҵǴпΪġ㲻㣬ҲУҪũͬ־ҵһ·ߡ
ǵ˵һ·㣬ԱǶֺˣԺĻˣڼǮˣɻô죿
Цˣôܣ˵ũҵ˰ˣֵҲýҲõš˵Ҫιɣǵȥ嵥λ渶ͶģÿæļҪȥɻģܲɻ
ǣ
ԽԽҵֳҵչ֮ڹ˻ˣһ׼߸Ŀء
ũ֣ȼٴ֮ʤأпΪ
˵˵ĺˣǺ֣糤ŶûУҪǮԼôˣԺ⹫絽˭ģǾͿʼԥˡ
˵񣬺Ǹɴɢ¡
Ҳż¶˱ż
ڶ죬ȥˮ˾ˡ׼졣
һߣֺ֣糤һ𿪻ˡ
˵Ҳ棬Դ֮ͷǺĻԽˡ
ǵô
֣糤ҲôûǮˣֳ˲Ǯڶ¶˭ҲҪҪһ̯¶ˡ㿴ôǿƣһ̯¶ˣԺ󻹲֪Ҫֳʲôء
Ǿúе
Ҳ㷢չŸţԼʲôܲˣЩ᲻á
һӣ˲ٿ࣬㵱˸ء
һϼƣǾȰ¶š
ʱ䳤ˣܾ͹ˡ
ͷֳ֮׬ǮˣҲǮ㽨ˣҲܸԱһ
Աȴûôð¶ˡ
Ҳ֪ĸɲѻģڹ̸һڸӵķչ·ߣˡ
һͦõģ⹫ɲӺãעҲðôţû
ԱҴӸɲˣұϴλ֡
оݵģɲˣ⻹Ǽ˼
ֵչ֮ǰһƪͶȫ£ҲǱˡ
¿ԵǱϢ֪ˣձʵϰͬѧġ
ڰ칫Ƭƪλʮ۵£ԽԽϲ
ܿ죬绰ʹˣǺθسϴλϴαϾʡģȫģӰɲһ
ε绰СϴĹúáͬ־ΰķǳáسͳǿʱҲˣҪ㰡
ǫһʾǴҵĹͣԼֻʵдѡ
θسЦЩ˷ܵͣĽࡣ
Ҫڻڹ翪ʼƹˣ
Ѿ͹绹дӸɲ뷨浽ҪϢ
θسʲôϢȫȨ𰡣
ҪԱǵϢ⣬Ҿ
θسЦ¸϶ԸġɹҵˣҲиóɼ
ЦŴӦˣʱûٸλ״쵼Ϊֻ״Լ⡣
Ͼͬ־֮ദҲһ֡
سĵ绰绰ˡ
Ԫġ
񣬹ϲ
ЦŵͬϲͬϲҲǵˡ
˵⻰飬ȻûĸߴϣᵽԪˮ乫˾Ҳܿˡ
ԪЦллҿˡǹչĺܲȡ˺ܴĳɹ
УֻһԵѡũͬ־ûĸԣҪһۡ
ֻһ·ÿֺ첻̫ࡣԺջˣֵܷĶһ㡣
ԪЦŵ㹤ҲɼˣûаţҪҪһ£˵Ǳм㣬ȥ
ܱǸҽææ
Ԫһ㶣ûϵˣΪ֪ǺæġȻ绰һֱšڿֽ ֪һŴġ
ǲ֪˼ˣӱܣЦŵæʲôкĻ᣿
ûУǹڲĹ׼ȫڲƹģʽ԰°æ֮ǰСϴ廹Ҫæ
ԪȻȻЩʧ䣬ǴĻҲڸλԽԽӦˣҲãǾ͵ɼˣԼ
һʱκơ󷽵
˵ŵ绰˹ֻù˵绰
ԪŰ칫棬Ԫͷǩļ
Сĵš
ǩˣͿʼ㱨ֹ˾Ĺ
֮ǰһЩҵչˡ
֮ǰС콨ܹҵѯ˾ѾһЩλˡ
СȻûϱֽǵĹս컯ͺܶ൥λʼˣ⵹ЩλСķչɹҲʼԪؽܹˡ
Ԫͷ㣬̫ꡣһҪڱгڱҪ
СæӦˡ
׼ߣԪʵŮ𣿡
С£С
Ԫ룬ʵæô飿
ææ
Ԫʵһô飿
Сϸ룬ǣпյʱϵԼᣬҪ⡣Ͼûʱ
Ԫ飺ðˡֲҪ˺塣


286 
ûҪܿԪ뷨, ֮ģȷʵûҪ
治ʼˣܻԷ绰ӡ
ԴϴԪ˵Ҫ֮ܶ, ;Լˣһ, ԪҲûϵ, Լˣû, ԪǷ˵ġ
˻֮һø, ֮, ȻҲûʲôҪ
ֻȷʵæȻĿǰûûԼܵһ̯¶Ȩޣ, ѾȫûӰ¶ˡ
ţԼֻҪֱ, ĸô¸ӸɲЩԱ᲻ġ
Ҫ, ǻʱЩӽп죬ȻһģϸµĻڹ羭
һ֮, żճȥӵˡ
ȥǸ߼Ҵӡ
߼ҴСϴܽ, ֲźҲû˽Ӵһͣȥ˴ܱ߿죬Ȼ߱߼¼
Ǻ͸߶ӳæһ, ͷ۵糤ǡ
û£ͷûʲôˣ͵䣬˽һǻڹӵ
Щš
Ѿˣλḱ糤Ǻ֣糤û޵ģϴοᣬǻӲԼĵλѹһͷġǽ˼ҡ
ţ߼¼Ȼ¸ɱСϴѡ
ǲǱҪãǵضȽϹ˿ҲࡣǱź̫ˣ´ʱ򣬾ͳׯڡ
ЦˮЩ⣬ǿԿ˷ġǮˣһЩˮ̾ˡ¶û˷ġ
ǣ
ʵǣ治¸뿴ЩԱ
û׬ǮȻǶ׬ġ
ֻҲѴ
һǵ쵼ģһ棬ȷʵûǮ
Աһĸ߶ӳҲǵͷûô
ҡҡͷԼɣֻǿʼԱܲ˵ʲôǵꡢ꣬СϴҼһ··ˣǾãԼᱻԱԹ𣿡
ʵҲʼԹˡ
̾ûǮҪڰ죬һǮôõֳĹȨ
ļƻ棬ӲҪǮģϾԱǮˣӲܿװǡ
ǵóһ󲿷֣ܹ˳ŹȨδֳΪ˽ҵ
ȷʵûǮ߰ǧģڽȥˡ
Ǯأ
˶û˵
ɫһ䣬ǲǷ˰ɡ
ûûУûСǼһṵ̂һǮǸβ͵¶ǲɡ
⻰һĸɲΪ˼ϵḶ̌ûʲô̰ĵ뷨
ǮأôˣҪеǮɡͺԼ˵ģǵλñСϴãӦøࡣǵĶɱǴҪ˿ҲҪࡣظ˵ˡǮ˵ҿҪ֯ϻ㱨ġȺڵѪǮǸġࡣϾ漰Ǯˡ
˳Ĭһ¡Ǹ߶ӳ㣬ʢ㣬ֱ˵ˣ ˡ
һ㶣ʲô˵Ǯˣ
Ҳ̾ͷ˵ˣҲûʲôˡ
ʵ縱糤Ƕ֪¶ֻ֪ѡ
Ҳ˵õ˵ġ
ϾʹӽǮ¶ͦˡ
ǵǰӲǽֳǮ͡ˡֹǣõĴӻҲǽ˵ġǳŵ깫׬ǮˣͰǮһЩ״һЩ
񣺡
Ҳ֪øпʲôˡ
ֳ֪¶ֻΪԼǮ
˭֪⻹ѴӵǮˡ
ҪǷƽʱȷʵҲ¶ϾӺԼ㽨裬ǵǮҲ費ʲôƫƫʱ
ѹλһֱء
Цһ£ҡҡͷˡ
糤˵ô찡Ҳǲһ¸Ѵǵ
¶˵ˣҲòҴˣϽְ취
ԶҰɻԱǡ
Ѿջļˣﶼæն
֪ææµµһ꣬ԼܳԸûжĴһҲ฻ԣ
Ǿʮˣֱϴѧˣ˵ĲҲܳ⡣
̾˿Ȼ취еģֻǿǵʱҲˡ
Ǻ͸߶ӳﶼһ⡣
ǵʲô취
Ȳ˵ˣֻ˵ԼûоľСҪµˣǾ͵û˵̯ӣǲģΪԱֻܸ취ƺ󡣡
һѵϸɲĺһһ̧ͷ
֪ԼȷʵԲԱ
ԼԼĿЩ˶ǸףΪԼǵ¶͵ǵķչһ˵ˣһ˻׷𣿼˶Ҫʹļ׵ۼġ
õʱûδʱչѸ٣׷ˡ
һ죬ŵ߼ʱ򣬴һĿӡ
иСϴӵĶԱȣԼ⼸ֻҪһϣԱͶܵĳɴһҧ糤˵ˣǸ߼ҴӸɣô˵Ǿô
߶ӳǶӦˣҲŵӣҲ˴ɲˣ߼Ҵˣʲô糤˵ʲôô
ǻģҲ˵ˡ
ֻʱ죬ԺչõţڼȻģҲˡҪʮˣٲæ붬ˡɣȥӵ˵ϻ쵼йǴӣǵᡣ
ǵǣǱߣ
֪ͨǹũģҿⷽĻ飬޹ء֪Ȩˣҵְ֯ģ˭ҲܰᡣֻҪЩɲԱϿңҾ͹ܵһ̯¶ҲǳԸɷģСϴҹܣǵĽ֪ġ
糤ҪӲ˰
Ǻ͸߶ӳҲᡣ
ԼˣȻһ¸쵼ɴƴһˡҲͲɲ˶ѡ
Ǿ糤ӦҲûô
ǵϰǶĸɲȥ֪ͨȥ
߶ӳʵżҴ֪ͨ𣿡
Ǳʲô
߶ӳǱߵǺ֣糤ϵܺã֮ǰ˵Ҫˣȥˡ
ǵһ˵ɵĲ
żҴȷʵչĻԣǱвʯשҤȱĴҪԣ
Ǿ֪ͨһͬʡҲǼ˵¶
Ǻ͸߶ӳʱָ߿һۡ
ֻȻǸŮͬ־ȴܴ
˵İ£ĸɲǶܳȥ֪ͨ˿ˣǸճҲųȥˣʱֱӰ
߼ҴӵĴӻҲʰˣ׼ᡣ
Ӷڸ߼ҴͻȻȥᣬͦȡ
һŵģһڹ磬ڸ߼Ҵӣʱ׹ˣ֪糤Ҫˡ
ֻԥһЩ˾Ͷˡ
û취ʽȡǲ빫쵼ìܵڲǲ⣬ԱԸԸˡ
¸Ͳˡ
Ҳȥʲô취ܹЩ¸⡣
ǳˣԱҲи˵ŬġûڼԸɷ
Ȼżճŵʱ򣬺ЩԱţ˵ǳȥ¸ġ
Ա£ǣϺúϽˡһҪȥˡ

ңǣЩɲûǱͨ籨š
ϾԼμӻ飬Ҳе顣
гӾͿˣ˼ˣ˾Ͷˡ
ÿĴǺͶӳˡżҴǱߵĸɲҲˡҲˣͲʮ꣬һڸɲУȷʵ񼸷֡
ڿһϣ֣糤Ͽɵġ
Ϊһ쵼ֻô˰취˼ϳƫ
Ǻ֣糤һ磬Ҳ˶һɼϧû
һãСҶˡ
ҿںڰдµģڹԱ¸顣֣ﶼЩš
ûȴ˵ֱӿżɽˣλǵѴҶ֪ˣǮˣǲǣ
ЩӸɲǶһ㶣Ȼʼֹ֧ͣ緢չҪִ֧巢չ֮Ļ
񶼺Цˣֹ֧緢չ־ֵÿ϶ġ
ҲŽһֱ֡
ȻϿɡ
ܴӴӽ赽ǮҲǺǺ֣糤Щ쵼
ڵǣҪչҪǮ׼ô⡣
ɲǶʱûˡ
ҪܽͽˣһǮӢۺ
ҲΪˡû취Ҹǳ⡣ôԱķչǲܵġСϴǰͷˣҪСϴɶ磬ԼԱǵհ¶ˡǿܾãһ겻Ҫһʱ䣬仯Ǻܴġ
ǣСϴģʽѾȫ֪ζʲôζӶѧϰˡһ꣬˼ҳˣûȣ֪жһԺ׷Ͼˡ
ĻӸɲɫѿ֮ǰû뵽
ϵ꣬깫׬Ǯˣܻˣʱ绹һ¡
˭û뵽
ɲֹкƳػҪá
ʡİڰءǺǷǳġЩûԶŵ˶֪ɼ˼ҪǸֳûԼߵ¶ˡ
˵˵ǻܵ𣿡


287 
Ȳ, żҴǵ
Ҳ̾Ҫ˰
ﶼЩڣǺҲ˭Ҳ֪ᷢչһ
û뵽ȿڵĵżҴӵ, ƷǿԵģٲûΪԼλþʹ, ҲûΪ֣糤Եʾ͸С
̹ͦ, Ǹµˡ
Сӵʵ糤, ô찡
˴һȦ, ǾͿǵľ, û취ҵ뵽һ취ҪǵľġǴӦ, ¶ͺð졣
ǰԤ룬ﶼЩš
оеӡ
ǵ, Ҷ糤ʲô취˵˵ɣò, ҲҪһ°
ڹֳǵǮ, ɼģСù绹Ǯ, ǿ϶˵ġ
Ҷû˵ǻûָܻǮ
ΪȷʵһǮͶʡ
ڣİ취ǽֳȨڴӡԱǼʣǮ硣һҲʡˡ
һ˲, ˶סˡ
һû
ĿŴҡ
ҲȻû뵽ô
൱ǰѺǺ֣糤Ӹժˡ
˼ĸֳջأֱӾͰӸժˡλ
Сôǲǲص
ǹҵĲƲûʲôصġǺ֣糤Ϊ쵼ΪԱǽֳҲ޿ɺǣҲһҵҲǻһʱ䣬Сϴ彨ֳ𣿡

⻰е
ò˵Ķˡ
ǾͷһеȥоλҪס
ͬ⣬¶ȥҺǺ֣糤̸
ЩɲǶʱһоţ»
˵ľλḱ糤
ûӦüͷһ壬ǲԸ⣿ԸҲУҲܿԱʱֻȥԱˡҲԼȥСϴԱͬ־԰ʡþǣԼԱͬ־ɡ
ԸԸ⣡ǵһ֡
߶ӳҲžˡڸ߼ҴٿģԸԸ⣬һ̤ûлͷ·ˡ
ŴҴҲˡ
ӵļ״Ҳˡ»ЩԥģҲ̬ˡ
ܸһ¸˭أڲԼͬͬˣҪԱһ
ĶﶼжԼﲻԱӦ˵ǸɲҪԱǶɲҲˡ
ãȻ˾ģʣµҲȥ̸ǵ֪ͨϣܹᶨǸɲԼܽ⣬ҲϣԱٽ
ͷʾͬ˭Ҳ°
Ϊ̸ʱе㣬ھǩְӡɡ
óдõľ顣
ȫȨ빫ֳ֮ծ⡣
Ӹɲԥһ£ǿʼǩְӡˣҲǩְӡ
ӴҶ֪ˣҲûˡ
һŲȽ˲ȥˡֻе㱾¡
ɢֱ֮ˣҪȥ֣糤ȥ
ϰߣκ飬쵶ն飬Բġ
Ҫˡ
ӵ˹磬ҲڿᣬڿΰӵԱĻ顣
Ϊϴڻϵı֣Ǻ֣糤һ𿪻ῴ֪ͨû֪ͨ
һڿᣬֻǺʱȥˡȻŽݡ
˵ϻĸɲ档Ŷ
Ǹˣ˼ˡ֪쿪ᣬ֪ˡ
ŶεĿǺ֣糤
λɫǺܺãҲû˵ʲô
Ͼ¶ȷʵǲصû֪ͨ˿ᡣ
Լλ棬ۺڰϵĻ⣬𣿡
ǵûСϾǴ¶Ϊ
ʱ䲻ˣǿǻ᲻ߡΪٶȽ⡣緢չ
Ҫϴˣüͷͬ־¶Ҫꡣ˵ˣЩҲǾԿеġӶѴзӣҲܶõȵꡣ
ʵȵ깫ֳ׬Ǯ׬ǮҲջغܶɱ˸ӵծ֮󣬹绹ʣ¶ǮûǮֳôӪ
Լֳģֳ̫˽ˡСϴֳһȫһԱͶǮ
˵껹Ǯ¶òסֳûԱͶǮ
Ҳһ£Ȼû뵽֪ǴӴӽǮ¶ˡ
ҲǼƽʱ
֣糤˵ֳͬ־Ͳòˡ
Ҳ¶ҲĵǴӵķչԱܲռȻ¸
ȻҶνĿǰ⣬Ҿҵһ顣ֳӣԱͶʣͶǮ硣ֳȨڴӺԱˡ
顪
Ĳ豭ˤˡ˲Ϸˣææʵ˵ʲôֳӣ
ͷ
ӱҲڹ磬ɼˣҲǹĳɼ
Ǻ֣糤ɫѿ
رǺǣоԼЩˡ
Ǳġ
˵ææĸѪ˵͸ˡ
ڹû׬ǮҲڹ簡
練ʱҪӡ
Թ粻ûǮ
ͺûּҵЩͥһǮڴҳСҲеǮǴҳԼﲻһǮǰʲô¶㡣
ǿɲӽǮ¶ˡ
ǹô죬㵹Ǻˬһ¸ȥˣ޸·ûǮǮ
ӸԣˣԼ·ÿĺ޷öҪǮģֳӪҪ˰ũҵ˰ԼĲ粻Ǯġҵũͬ־ԣˣصľ̻ˣԴ̼ѣĲƸ
ɲǾãĵͦá
⻭ıǰѾе⣬Ȼѡǰˡ
Ǻ֣糤ԼྭӪֳ
ǻ׼ãԺ˵ֳǶ֪ǽġ
һ仰Ҫժӣǲܡ
ǵ⻰ͱ˵ˡ
֣糤ⲻص
ǲ⣬ɴһ죬УҲһҪֳڻǮҲС

ﰲ糤ǶһĴ󰡡
쵼Ҫծ
Ŀڡ
Ҫ㽨裬ҪõǮȻ֧֣Ҳָ֧ˡǮҪġڴӵġ
ӵ¶ġ
ҲǴҪծڸոգѾȫȨίˡ
⻰һͬһһ㡣
š
֣糤˵ί㣿ʲôʱ¶
͸ոգҸտ
֣糤ǡ
Ҳһ£ܡ
ǩֵľóҿǩ˵ġ
Ҵġ
Ҳ±𻵣ûʲôЧ棬ֻΪұ̬һ֤Щɲ֪ˡ
Ǻ֣糤ܴ
ΪҪǻծΪЩ˿ᣬȻûһ֪ͨǵġ
Ϊ쵼ӳоƽʱվһߵİ
ڴҶģˣ
ôأǲŵ
ٰܲɡҲпܵġǣӻɲҲǺģǲֹҪ쵼ҪԱ⡣ϴοᣬͲǽ⣬ûԱȻõѡˡ
˵ˣʵЩɲûʲôְҰˡʮˣûҪɲԴ¸£Ȼ֪¸Ҫġ
ڣǿ̸̸ծˡ
ɲǣ


288 
ˡ
̫ˡ
˭쵼, ҹҪծ
ҹؼǴһûޡ粻ˣǮʱҲֻڲ˸, ȴûصԼ˵ʲôʱ򻹿֮ġҲ͵ʱҪծ
ҪǵҲû뵽Ҫծ¶ĸӻ¶
˭뵽ͽءͷ첻µز°
糤ȰȰ, Ǯ϶һõóġҲǹɲ
, ǹɲҹܵһ¶

糤û˵ˡ
Ϊǹɲ, Ҿ͸ҪΪǹԱˡ׬Ǯ, ʲôʱСԱ, Ǯ뻹
ڣҪǡ
ֻϣ, ܹΪԱǶ࿼ǡֳ˭ôҪ˭Ҳ᲻, ԶڻڹġҲǹΪԱġֻ׬ǮԱѡǹô๤Ϊ˷չãԱ¸𣿡
⻰˵ƿԡ
˭Ҳû
Сϴȫ, ֪СϴΪֳ¸·Сϴͬһˣ˻ôЩɲ
ǶĬû˵, Ҫѡ, ˭Ҳʹ졣
ǵ鵽ˡɢᡣ
ɢծ岻ˡ

֣糤һͺծ, һҲɣǵʱ䡣
ɣ֮ˡҲʱ䣬ڶʱ䡣㽨ɲһӵ飬Ҳܵȱѩ簡
У졣֣糤Ƶ
ҲԸһʱ䡣鶼˵ˡҲӱܲˡ
֮¡
һߣǸϽԼ칫Բߡ
Ƕף¶ˡӣǲ˵ӣѹסҪеֵġ
֣糤ǣЩ˾ȻһŶǣǰǼڻϿ
ǳЦ֮ǰǻͦǸС˼θûҿɿ滹ǩء
֣糤Լˣ㲻Ҳǵ𣿸߼ҴӣҴӣǲߵý
һһġȽ˵
֣糤ΪȺʹ̸̸ֻҪǸı⣬񷭲
ǵǻ˵ͰͨѶԱȥ֪ͨҹˡ
֣糤һۣãҺͰˡǾ͵˵
˵ϰ죬ͨѶԱˣҲûᡣ
ͨѶԱһǱ߸ɲ˵߲˵ԱѰ칫Ҷסˡⲻ벻ӡ
֣Ҫˣˣ֪ˣЩվһȥˡ
гˡ
֣糤ϳСţ̫ʧˡһ׼ģ㾹Ȼվһߡ˵˭ռλˣ
Ǹֱˣ֣糤֧֣Ҳ˼Ȼ֣糤Ҳ˵Բסġû֧ˡ
֣糤ʲô˼ˣ
ֻżҴĸǹӡûʲôĻҲô¸ֻаһש߳ͲʯǮˣԱءҾ糤б´¸
֣糤
Ҳ֣糤ôʵƽʱ쵼ǲģש߳ͲʯҲ֣糤֧°ġ
ʵҲм֣糤
Ҳ֪˻ᱻȻûӱܵԭ
ߣߡ
֣糤Ƶİ֡
гͻȥˡ˵Ķ˵ˡҲ֪Ҳܷġ
ҶˣڸõĶˣı⣬쵼϶иˡֻܼȥˡ
ͦģ쵼
һֱȵϣû
ƽʱһµ̣Ѿһˡơ
˶Ƿϡ
֣糤Ҳûö٣ġ
糤Ҳǳüġ
ô죿֣糤ʵ
˶ûشȥǮ
Ҹ糤ر˵ǵҪֳҲòôǮ
ʵλֳҲиСֳġɻͻڣؼʱλˣ˭̵̯Ӵ
Ǻ׷ͶʣǮͲˣǮĲˣְѴӵǮˡ
ǳ֮󣬾͵ֻһ취ˡ
ʲô취֣糤֪ϺӺãƽʱ˼뵽취
ȥ裬ȥҵλ衣ڹֳ黹ǽĵġ
֣糤˵ﵥλЧҲС
ٲУ⼸еġǵһȥʱͱҴˣõĳó˵
֣糤ͷҲ֪ءƢʱ
ڶһ磬˾ȥˡ
ڹķ˯ģȥʳóԷûλ˵λȥˡ
üͷһ׼ȥ쵼ӦòôϾ
˶֪쵼ǺСϴģʽģСϴڵĹܹȫж
ô˵ȥ쵼һ״һһ׼
ַʽ⡣
ͬʱҲǶԼһҪʲô쵼ڽ֣ԵԼܡ
ԣλȥʲôѲǽǮ
뵽ҡҡͷ
ҪλܽǮҲΪǣֻҪڴӸ㽨С
Ҳҧǵֳġ
λڣȥһСϴ壬ȻСϴæ֪ͨᡣ
¹ǮûУ¶ˣʱ䲻ˡûǮȰԱǮѽ˵ǮҪˣͶȥҲһġ
ôᣬЩ˵ĺܻ
һľôþˣͺ˪һ
֪ǶǱŵġ
ʵ˰
Цҿᣬ֪ͨңǿԿʼˡȰСϴļģʽǮ˵Ǯ۾ͿԿʼֳˡȻԱСϴѧϰֳ
ʵǹͬ𣿡
ڲչԼֻҪԼͬˡ
ǵͷ
ֳֵܽҲõģǰѸԶľܸңپĸӰ쳧ĸءǾܰѻɣ꣬ܿʼ׬Ǯˡ
϶ӳһᶨ㡣Ҫ¸ˣӸ˭Сϴ壬쵼ˣأ

̫Nɪˣ
ӵĸɲǸһۡ
Ȼ׷ױ̬ɣ˭ᶨˣⲻ𣿡
ᶨͺãǽǾһһ飬ηչնӸɻ
ⳡһֱſ꣬ǿ֮󣬴ǾˡԼҵ˷չĵ·ˣһ㶼ˡ
ںǺ֣糤뷨ҲˡֻĶܲ¸Ժܹܲϸԣ
ͬʱǺ֣糤Ҳˡ
˶ǴŻϲģΪ赽Ǯˡ
ǲװڶλЧ涼ãǽ裬׵㡣⹫ģЩλ쵼涼ü
⻹ǳϴĹϵټСϴ̸ֳܳĿܡչʾ˹ֳʵŷֱҵλܹ˰ˡ
ǰˡ
Ǹջع磬ùȥǮĵ绰ʹ򵽹ˡ
绰سġ
ΪǲֹһҵλǮ¶ͱˡ
ϾλҲǹġس˵¶
س绰Ҳǹǡ
ΪǮʱ򣬺˵ǹ㷢չҪسţ㷢չ䵽ȥﵥλǮˣⷢչø󣿾ʹ绰ʣ˳㿴費Ҫ֧֡
Сϴģʽȫ쵼ǿɶأҲǶԻڹĵģֻҪǺúð죬սҲҪ֧Ԯһġ
ǽӵ绰֮亹ˣȻϸһ룬ҲҪ飬ȷʵǸ㷢չҪ
سô˵ȫ翪ʼ㽨ˣ
һ
ãúøɰسˣͬ־ôΪͬ־ҪЭĹȻıǹչĺġǸ˲šȥǻڹ磬ǻڹ׬ˡ
п˵
س˵ֶ֮æ˼ǵ㱨һ£˽ǵķչ״ԺȫҪƹġ
ãáǸϽӦˡ
˵绰֮˲ϵĺˮʮָӡ
ʲôõĸо
ϽòļӿٶȰǮûȻ֪ͨǮծˡ
ȥˣһɲˡ
εȥСϴˡ
ȥǸʲôǡչ˻ܣɴǱˡ˵
Ҳû˵
سҲ鲻ȻѺθس˹׼ͺθسһ²顣
ȻҲûǮ
֮ǰû֧ԮСϴ壬Ϊ֪СϴмʮͶʣòġ
СϴɼˣȫעǵȻҲҪӻڹĽˡֻҪúãͻ֧Ԯ
ûУûġ
θسǻﵥλǮ⡭ôСոɵĳ鰡
˼ҵʮͶʶڻΪ˼ȥǮ
سǱô˵ġ
θسǲţҵС¡ȱǮ϶ԸҲȥҵλǮġ
˼绰Сϴҵ
θس⹤ÿ̶ĵطҰ
Ц쵼æŸȫ罨¶Ծûڰ칫Ҵš
֪Ҵ绰¶أǲЩλǮˣ
ûȻһ֪ˣǺǸɵġ
Ǹ㽨¶ûǮСϴֳṩİʡǮԱͶǮҪǮ
ô£ⲻǴŻӽǮɣǷθسʱˡ
ԱسҲô¡
Ҳᣬ͵ҿ֪ô¡
֮ǰǮծ¶˵һ顣״Ҳܱ
绰ͷسͺθسֻһ
Ϊ˸㷢չͰѴӵǮˡҪ㷢չûǮˣֻҹҪǮ
λ쵼Լ滨ڹ졣
ڷչĵ·ϣ㲻ṩˣȡ
ķõġʡʱʡǮ
ԸȥǮҲ顣
θسˣ֪ˡ¶аŵģȺúæĹɡˣҪȫ緢չƻﵽʱԸǸһЩ֧֡
˵лл֧֣֧֣֯ĿͿԣˡ
θسһ͹˵绰е㲻á
绰Ҷ֮󣬺θسسˡ
СϴģʽƹǶôҪ鰡ǰϵȫ˴绰ѯҪСϴιѧϰء
ǻ׼֯綼ȥιѧϰأܲԼСϴ壬Լﻹѧĺðɡ
ڹԼˡ
ҺðҺ֪ˣҪȻҪȥõõĻᰡ
СϴȻˣڹ緢չǶ˵СϴֻǸǲɹġֻлڹҲչˣ֤СϴģʽȷģɹġҪȻ˼ҿ϶˵ͬһӶûģʽء
سڹ˸绰ӵ绰֣糤
ǲҴӽǮˣڴҪ㷢չǲǮ
֣糤ô֪ģ˸״ˣ
˵˵û¡˵ǻֳ
֣糤͵سҲþ÷չ
ˣ֪ˡس˵绰
֣糤ˣЩõԤСΪһ쵼Ȼ֪쵼û淢Ƣõ¶
سӣ̫ˣһɼðһͷͿʼϺˣ
θسǱߵĹСգҲαˡ֮ǰһΪٹ緢չֵ֧ģءСնһˡǶ⡣
سվתתǸûˡȥҳһ£ڹö᲻û֮ǰҲˣֹûģȡٵˡ
θسôСչܷչ鲻ܱ䡣ҪȻˣҪˡ
˾ô鷳Ϊ֮󣬶ҪһʱӦӦ֮ܿչ
سСջʵϰҺᰡ
˵ʹ󡣾㡣
УҺͳᣬϾǹЩġ
һ쵼⣬ҲҪ￪ġ
سͺθس֧֣ϳҲû˸û˵ˡ
ֻλᣬ˻ڹĴ糤ȫȨ𻨸ڹľ÷չ⡣
ΪСϴĳɹλá
ǵְλʱšپϾڰˣһʣӰչˡ
ںǺ֣糤λȻԼֳȰĵȥˡ


289 
һɲ, ˵Ҳһ¶
سȻ뵽ֶλϸɲ˵ǹˣԾ뵽ϾЩûҲп͡
֮ǰǵ, ǶҪȥˣǵҲûˡ
˵λûҪµġ
ֹΪ谭˷չ, Ϊ, سҲͨʾĸɲǡ
Щɲ˼̫¾ˣԭһ, 㲻չ
˴һȥ, ܹһˡ
˭Ҳ谭չĵ·
绰ڹ֪ͨǺ֣糤ȥʱ, ŸӵĻڹǮ
ծ壬ЩӸɲҲ˺ܶࡣ
֮ǰǮ˹˾Ƕ, û䣬ҲҹҪ
Ǯ, öܸ㷢չˣϲЦտġ
֮෴ľǹˣϳ
ǴҶ, Ҳ顣Ǯ˿ڴͳˣ̶ڹܲ˵, Ǻʹһ̡
Ǻ֣糤ڰ칫, ⿴һĻ
Ҳ⿴
ˣҪڸӸ¶ЩҲԸţǹܲˡҲܹʲô֧֡
ǲģ֧, Ƕġ
Ȼ˺ˣҪծҪԼͷˣûʲôɽˡ
ΪĻˣڹΪΪǾʹشˡֲŽͬ־ĸɲµġ
Ųϣʲô¶ˡ
ںǺ֣糤ʱس˵绰֪ͨȥһˡ
Ǻ֣糤ʱһ¡
سͲǺ¡
ر֣糤س绰Ǯֳ¶ģʱҲá
˶ǾˣԾôҲϸɲˣܵһЩʲô֡
ҲûԼ˴ϾûΥ֯涨ṵۣ̂ûʲô⡣
ͬʱҲκסˣûڰ칫ңʹۺϰ칫ˣ֪ͨȥ￪ᡣ
Ͻȥλˣһ
λû⣬ǮҲˣǿԼͬ־ġ
ĺһԼ
֣糤ҲһԲ
ҡҡͷԼ˼ճ档
ճĿ죬һӾͿˣ˺һҡ
Ǻ֣糤ֻӻӣŻҳķ磬̫ˡ
֣糤ǺǣҲ𣿡
ǣ
֪ʲôʯͷԼĽˡ
Ժˡͷˡ
֣糤Ѿﵽͷˡ
ɫһǾͰ
ճٶȱҪ࣬˻·ϵʱѾˡ
Ϊسĵ绰ֱȥس칫ˣȥθسǱߴϢĻҲûС
ںθسҲس칫񿴵ʱɿˡرǿɫӣ֪Ӧòǻ¡
ϽЦŴк
س黹ЩأˣҲǿЦһ£Сˣɡ
濴˿أ
֪ʵλ͵¶æܳű΢㡣
û˵λܾͬڿسӣ֪鲻ˣɲΪ¶Ͻ͡
θسȺС͸׶ҲС
سͷСհڹزء
صУҾÿʤΡҪĸɲǶϣҰѼƻ֮󣬴ҰͰִоͺá
θسЦſ޵мƻʲôʤεġС֮ǰˮ˾СϴǱߵĹĺܺ𡣡
سǸġСհһĳɼӸӡ
ʱЩΪûյְλˣ°ˡ
֣糤˼ϸˣͣһʱ䣬ȥֳ￪ݴ糤ְʤ𣿡
񣺡
θسСգŸʲôѽ̬
ңʤΡ
Ŀ΢΢鼱һ¡
ְˣ
ԼЩ찡Ÿһꡣѧڶʵϰء
ؼ֣糤ôˣоЩ찡
¶̫죬Щֲ
ôԼְ¶Ǹ˵ģΪٴˣΪչԸˣˡ
֮ǰĹ߻Ϊѡ
Ȼ֧֣Ҫϵʱ߲Ҳð졣
ٴʤݹҾҿûڹ緢չá
سͺθسϿɵĵͷûɣҪȻҲһȥˡ
سʵǺǺ֣糤ô
ûģڼԼҲľ
θسЦˣش⣬ûгû侮ʯǸͬ־
س̾˿ˡ
߸˵֣꣬糤ͺǴæˣ̸ˣ￩һ¡
θس״վȥس̸
ͬ־ˣøҲҪġ
һߣǾ͸Ͻسǲǹﲻλ
ԭǸϴ¶쵼ǵĳ⣬سͷˣȷʵλ
Ǻ֣糤
سλͬ־ͬ־ˣڻڹ絣쵼ҲܶˡҼǵõͬ־ֱǵġ
ǵͷûʲôˣĻ
ʮˣڻڹ統ʮɲˣǰЩ겻ø㷢չˣӸĿڣҲˣʲô͸ֳô׼ȸԣ
Ǻ֣糤һ⻰֪ˣϽͣǹ缯ġ
縻ԣˣҲǹԣϰأ׬ЩǮ޼·޼ţ
˻࿴ۣʵسǲ˸״
˵ǸСգسʧСգʲôˡ˵ڼԼľ

̫ʧ˼룬һˡҲһˡڹǴţûġͬ־֣һͬ־ڴƳ֪֯ͨǣȥڻڹְ񣬰ȥڹֳֳǧģҾͿĳɼˡ
سƽ֪ͨ˶ʱ㶵

θس칫ҲӺθس֪˹˵
̸ʲôģֻǾúꡣ
λҲЩˣ˼ϳƫ
뵽֮ǰڵĻڹ˴չĻһֱ״̬Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
⵹ǸӾʾˣһҪᶨԼ˼룬ǧΪְĸıı䡣
Ϊּ
ȥʱǸ֯ĺܲһȥĻڹ硣
Ҳܲ͵ڹģһʱ䣬ְˡ
ܲЦŵ糤Ƴǽ㣬̫ˡҲ˵ĹˮˣԱҪϺˡ
ⶼǶ쵼֧֡
ܲúøɣԺĳɼسǺġ
ɲܲԵ
һ쵼ʧġ
˵˹ʱ򣬺Ǻ֣糤û
ҿܲˣɲǶЩţλ֯ĸɲĸɲġ
ġ
һǺ֣糤ųӻˣɫʮֲͬ˪һġ
ܲˣͿɡ
һ죬ڹ緢˾޴µ
λҪ쵼ְˣֳˡũĸ糤Ϊ˻ڹ糤
СϴǺΪũĸ糤
Ȼûб䶯ǴҶ֪ڹˡ


290 
µڹ紫֮, ӸɲǾȹ龪ȣǴ˿ٲõ쵼дˡ
ǹĸɲĻ̵̻ġ
֮ǰ񱻺Ǻ֣糤ŶӦóΪ֣ˡλżʱ, ǿɶԹ۵ģᶼû֪ͨ
λ糤, һӾͳΪ˻ڹ糤ˡ
һ仯˴ֲ, ڶ֪ôˡ
ر֮ǰֱϺͼĸ糤ǡû˴ţҲ֪ʲô̬ȶԴˡ
ʹ, ҲûǸˡֹ֧, ָоûǸ档ǾܻΪ, û׼ǻȥ
ҲֹЩ˵̬ˣûܣȥ֣, λԴ°֮󣬾һֱû뿪칫, Լڰ칫棬ƺΪͿӱʵ
ȻҲȥˣҲûҪ֣糤ǰ칫ҡȥ
ܲܲܡ
, ҲԼǰôߣǾȥ̸̸
ȥҵĺ
ڰ칫̣Ƶ, 򿪴ͨ硣
塣ǲ, ´̼ˡ
ǣ
ûһɫ
֪뷨ΪǰǼˡ
Ұôôء
ܸҲңǿ϶ô뷨, ҪǣˣҴûԹǡԼԼ
죬ɫѿ
һǾվӡҲУԸȥСϴ㷢չСϴ巢չˣĿãƹ㡣ԭСϴģʽڹᷢչĺܺá;Ҳ˳ǲ⡣ΪԼ谭緢չ
˵ǲŲΪԼΪ˹硣綼ûʲôǮˡֳˣһ롣
룬ôǺͳﲻһҪ쳧ӹλǵũӡũͬ־׬ǮǸøɵ¶
ǵ˵ʲôʲôˣӮˡ
ûӮΪҴûֻһ¶ûڹԱϺӡҲû䣬ʵسǻǿеģ´֮ǰǹȥ̸ɼˣҲǲٸǻᡣ
Գǻʲôɼ
ֳǻô˼ѵͲɼγǵһ᣿ֳã׬ǮˣҲǵĳɼ
ǵǾ͸׬Ǯˡ
һǮܵҿڴ𣿡ʵҲܺŵҪúã뿪ʱҲǲƼػع硣
ǲš
㲻ҲûϵͬĻҲȥ֣糤˵úãҲƼ֮䣬ҪһġϾȷʵҲһϾɱӡǲҵı⡣
ǣ
վ뿪ˣȥ֣糤
֣糤ҲǷϡ
Ϻ궷˰뱲ӣڶˡ
ԸϺ꣬ӻڡһˣоûˡ
ˣҲɫ
ҸոȥҺˣҺŵֻҪúãҾͻػع硣
֣糤һɻͣ
ѻڷչˣ쵼ǰ˵ϻɡҿˣسῼǵġʵҸ㡣Ϊˡ˼Ҳô࣬
֣糤ǾǸϺꡣ
ǲϺ꣬еġ˵ֳũ¸¶ǰҲǲġһͬʣ˭ֳӪĺãҵʱƼ˭ع硣
֣糤һ£ֹ˭֪˵㲻㡣
ŵ˵ûʳԹҲô˵ȫǡ
˵֮뿪ˡûٶ˵һ䡣
ΪԼ御ˡ
֮Ȱǣһʱûз´֮ǰҲɼġԲߵ̫Ƿϡ
ǣҲֳ̬Ҳ첻ãʧľǼ档
ҲǸһᡣ
ɵĺã˵ԸҲ޿ɺǡ
δ϶ͷһˣֱ˺
ˣ֪ͨңٿɲˡ
ӴĶˣҪ¡
Ҳææ׼¶
Ҳ𼱻ǵĸϹˣе˷ܣҲЩš
ֱ񣬡糤̫ͻȻˣһ׼ûС
Цǲʱ׼𣿡
˿м糤֪ȥȫΪ㡣ҪΪ˳ɼûᡣ
Ǹسûɼ쵼Ͽɣ϶˵ġ
ɲҲֹһܸµġ
Ҳ绰ˣ˵ȥҪմСϴĹ⡣
븴СϴģʽΪо飬Э糤չ
Ҫ֧ҵĹҲɼ԰ɹǴҸŬĽȱ˭С˵ʵҲܸˣˣĥϡˣСϴǱ߰ô
û꣬һģҲС
ͷǾͺãСϴȶˣⲻӡ繤ҲҪϤָ㣬Һ˵ʵ֮ǰȻܵũ棬ûⷽĹ飬ԼҲҪѧء
ٺЦЦû⣬Լȥѧ
ϣɲǾڻҿˡ
⣬ǽԱ¸
֮ǰЩɲѹû⹤УˣǾܲˣ¶ϵҲҪϡ
ʱΪæµر漰Ǯ¶ͦ࣬Ҫò˹ǧôĿ⡣
֮ǰ֣糤ԼŵģҲšİţŵĶ
糤ҪΰС͵СҪرע⡣ֲƸһЩʱװԱæֵ
︱糤һ£û뵽ֹûȨȨˡ
һ
糤㲻ܹӦиΰǳҪ⼸ȥͷˣʧҵԱЩ࣬һһЩһЩȥƣⷽץʱ䳤ˣҪӵġرڸӶ㷢չӲֳǮֳˡ
˵ʱʮࡣ
ӡУʮھͳЩˡǰȥӵʱҲ·ϿһЩֺе˳šȺģ׳⡣
︱糤࣬Ӧˣһдһ糤
ҡҡͷƲȫɾͿЩ˾װˡ
˵ֿ糤ҲҪץٸӵĺѧҪЩֺС׼ڹѵѧУרЩûһֲ֮ԸֵصѧϰȻûѧѧһ֮ܲûԡǵʱһ¡
糤ϽͷҲЩЩ֡ԭΪôԼģʲôҲû˵ӵӡ֪ӵǾǼȨ
ֵ˽糤֡ǹ֯ģ൱ֲ֯ˡ
Ǻ֣糤飬ҶġǱûֻڹϳһЩƫԽ糤֯ҪԸɲмලҽ鰡ùһЩɲȥʵϰһӣðӸ㽨裬ʱ䳤ˣ֪ô¡
һ֮Ͱš糤ӦˣֹţҪҲ뵽ũ¸
Ž˺θ糤Сϴ¸ɹˣḻԺũܡ
ϽʹҴк
ЩɲҲһĻӦ
λ֮ǰҲɹũ淽Ĺͺͺθ糤úýӰɡ
λ糤ʱЩΡ
⹤Ǵֵġڷˮת
ϣҸ˾ְԼְþˡ˵ľޣѱ˵ĹԼ׷ɢԼĹòʧϣΪ䡣ǰ¶Ҳȥ׷ΪǵĿʼջһµģǾǷչڹ硣ΪͬĿ꣬ΪǶǿŽġ˵ǲǣ
˻࿴˿ȻᶨĿ⡣
׷׵ͷǡ糤˵öԡ
ĲЩп
쵼ĺܲһ֮ǰĺǺ֣糤һ


291 
æ, ûκʱӦ
Ŀȷʱ䲢ˣ̶̼, Ҫȥ붬ѩʱ䣬Ǹ㷢չʱ䲢ࡣ
Ͻ֪ͨӿʼжˡȰǮ, жǮ, پ̶̯ӡ
İţЩӵĸɲǲĸжˡ
ʮ, ֱͦ˵֪ͨӵԱǿᡣԱ, ǴҲҪչ, ҪСϴ¸
ӣڹͺտ˵ķˮһ, ֵ
ԱǶϲϲȥԵĴӴǲҪСϴ㷢չ, ô㣬ǲǶܷǮ
ӵĸɲǾͰԼķչƻߴˡ
ҲļԼ
дҪֳΪֳָΪ
ҲдҪΪ, ֹΪ
ҲдԷָΪֲԭΪ
ҲԭԼĵ·ģڵżҴ, ֮ǰԲʯԼשΪ֧, ǸɵҲΪģССֵġ⸽Ƿӵ٣һֱû
Ҳṩѧõļ, 
Ͼδڹũ¸·֮󣬱ضҪǷӵģ˻ڹ磬δҲҪġ
ԽҲǼȱġⷽҲԽԱͶʣ
ÿӶˣԼʵĵ·
ԱǼδӻˣϲصĻȥǮ
˶Ͷ׬Ǯʱ򣬹ܽ糤ѧСϴȰѧʱ˵ǣҲЩҲˡ
ӽҪĻӣҸͯѧǾǲִ֧Ӹ㽨衣ִ֧ӷչô˼Ŵ׬Ǯأ˵ȥ
ܽĸ糤񵱳ȰѧˣøӽǮˣֱùСѧǷѧѡڴͶǮļͥӶǷѧѣȶ飬ǮΪͶǮˣδǿģʱֱҴҪǮˡ
ҪûͶǮļֻͥҪֵ¸ƻҲǿǷѧѵġ
֪֮ʮ⡣Ͽ
ѧУҲûǮ׵룬ದѸѧУһʱġǳɲ֮󣬻ڹͲһˡ
سһ⻰ʱӡһ̨ˡ
λ治붷ֻ㷢չ쵼
ֻҪǺúùɼ֧֡ǵ֣糤ǽ߶ûôˬ֣糤עصǾ÷չ
˽棬ΰĹЩ쵼ҲĲ
︱糤ֱȥӽе飬ЩֺеĻӸˣ㵽ѵûʱȥ£ȲˣٰŸЩϹάΰʱ
ڹ֯Ľ糤ҲûţŸӿչ֮һЩҪĸ¶ɳȥˣȥפӸ㽨衣һ飬ĳɼΪԺԼְݡ
ЩٴξЩ˶ǻµģ֮ǰǵˡ
Щϣɾܰĵĸ㾭ˡ
æÿӲ칤¶æĽŲմˡ
ΪСϴǰЩԱ֮ǰıĲˣһ£ͶǮ
ÿҲѧϰСϴ޶ˡͶʧܣԺÿ껹׷ͶʣһͶʣҶΪҪǸһ롣Ҳ׬һͰ
ӵǮܿˣǮѾʼжˡ
Ĵӣǲżǲøʱ磬ǿڵػȻʼ㽨衣ڻ豸Լȥϵǵϳ
֮ǰǵĺСϳɸǴ˲ˡҲǱϵģǲ⡣
ֳĹȽϷء
ӶҪֳġ
ҹģȻȲСϴ壬ҲС
СϴԱǾôˣǶǲμӹѵֳ࣬ɹһģˡ
δͱƸõӰæ㽨ˡҲ׸ɣ˼ҸǮ
ɰСϴԱNɪˣϵʱڴţ˵Լɴʦˡ
϶ӳһNɪúøɣСϴɾˡ۵ø糤æһĵӡ˭ҪǸɵĲãӰ칫緢չˣͶʣ۵ԱͶƱܲͨˡ
ӴҲҲˣҪǶͶˣǶûط޵ġ
۶ۺúøɾˡ
Աµ
ȻЦֲЦ
ǾԼûôNɪġ
Ϊ˾飬ЩӽֳǱ֮ǰСϴҪöˡ
֮ǰСϴм֧֣ԹɶһϲͨġѧãŰġ
СϴĸɲǶзḻģ񻹰СϴĸɲڸӽиɲѵôֳѾ鶼ǡ
һЩ˾Ͳʯͷˡ
εʱЩɲִһµֳڣһЩĶǵ⡣ȻλΪģ˵ĺ˼˵һң֡
ӵĸɲǵ֣ҲĽˣҲסǺ˰
ǵǿɲر󡣡
ǵ⻰ȥ糤˵˵
ǿ˿ȣҪʯͷӵġǲ˭أ
ӸɲǶЦ
ش۶ȹ
϶ӳĿĵһʵġҪȹˣгɹˣôˬ
Ȼˣ糤ķϣҲǼƽϡ۵Žͬ־㷢չ
Сϴṩ飬ԴԼ豸ֳ֧֡蹤˳˳ˡ
ʮѮӵֳͶ˵һˡ
Ϊʽ⣬ȻȲСϴˡҲżСϴֳ˵ڻӡ硣Ǯ׬׬ģѾˡ
ܹѸٵľͰ¶ѾǳҵԤˡ
ҪǰǰĹƻִУɼġ
Чʣûʲô޵ġ
Ժ߲߷磬Ǹ۱ˡ
죬ӵԱ˷ܵĲˣڸԵֳ֡
ϲľһ㶼Сϴ١ΪѾãԲŸ
ֳͺǰֳһ
ֳĶⶼԶԶĿˡ
ǱֵģԼֳ壬εĺҲܲζ
ЩڼЩԱ
ĪľЩġ
룬ɴ˰칫ˡ
úúõİֳܱܲЩֳĲˡܱȼ֤Լδϣġ
һ֣糤ҲվڴϿ˿ֳĶȻֻԼ칫ң
ò˵ЩԱϲͻֵգͺһһϣ
ʱҲЩԱ˹ġ߼ʱԱׯڡ
ʲôʱʼͰԱˡֻ֪磬Աˡ
벻ףͰìͷָˣǸϺ꣬ʹӣҶ˸ˡϺ꣬㣬Ҫúá
ˮˣֳĹҲòˣ׼ȥЩ׼ĴӸ㼼豸


292 
ϳ֮, ׼һЩʳƷӹЩֹԸԱṩλͬʱҲǵؾԴһ֡
ôֳɵֳṩʳ, ʳƷҲ˷ѡ
ȻʽЩţҲ׼ܴĳӡڿĹģˣҲû˲ֻ׼ȿСģ, һȴ󡣵Ժ˲ˣλҲ, Ǿͺˡ
¸·Ҳһܱġ
ͺСϴһ, ÿ˶ĽСϴ, СϴҲֻ¸·ûдﵽ¸Ч
ѾԣռͣҲǾ˼ķչ, Ļ˵Ƹڸˮƽ, Ҳĸˡ
ѹĹŸ糤֮, Լȥ˺Դ
˵Ҳþû, ϴλС쿪ֵʱߡ
ߣֺǱ仯ҲǺܴġ⼸Ҹĸ￪, ӿֳһĸ廧
ʧҵҲܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶ廧˸ֵӣ֮ǰҪֶˡ
ȥϳֻ׼, 豸, ׼ȥеµӡгԾ֮, ⷽ豸, еҲǿˡȻ˾ĿҲеʽµ豸
Ϊ֮ǰкϵҲֽԺϳ쵼˳
֮ǰϳΪĺãѾˣλﳧεġҲǸУرĸġ볬Խ֮ǰλ쵼
֪֮ǰСĸˣдСչĺðȥˣܺá
ЦŵڿɲСˣռڵĸɲԼĺá
ҲǶ㵱ӴĺãһӵʳƷȫֽ˼ͻء
֮ǰҲûᷢչôãʱչĺð
ҲǣСֶ˵㶫̣ÿж˺üʲô̡
֪Ƴˮ˾¶һ֮͸绰ˣСܲô㡣
Ϊһп϶ǲֻҪһ͵ġ͵ҲˣΪռݶҲ
ȻÿԡСѧˡ
ﳧ˵ô֮󣬾Ϳʼ˵¶ˣ˵ϳܲҲ̵ģʽأ
ԭǿԵģֻΪƷԣЧ϶᲻һ
ﳧͷ֪ʣϳ׼ôƹ㣿
Цǲôƹ㣬ϳֻڲľ͹ˡٺˮ˾һ£ȫˣϾֻһӵҵҲ׼ĺܴ󡣡
ﳧͷˣ˵ʵոջе㵣ĵģӺ⡣ĲУλʵ̫ˡ
ĶĶ
ȻûͻﳧҲҴˣ˵ʵļǾǸṩõģܹһЩˮҿѸṩ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽λֱʡ
Ҳԣⶫ˵ֵǮҲȷʵֵǮ⼼Ҳ˾ûˡҲ
ǿʡһǮˡ
ǮƶĻڹ˵ҲǺѵõġ
룬ЦС쵱Ԫǽܹ֯ǻһǮģǮҪࡣҲܺԪȣﳧΪҵ黹Ǿٿۣ
ﳧĬƬ̣ȻЦôģ
ûУﳧо͸ʵļۣеģ۾͵졣
ãȻҲﳧôģҲСͲõİ취﷢չá
м飬һдֳ飬ᵽϣͳһдǳӵֳ֮֡ǰῴģЧﳧӦ뵽
ﳧ
ϽǸ棬ҪȶЧ棬ҪԼ뷨ҽǿһЩֳרҵ˲ţһѵ࣬Ȼֻ̡̲дֳֻ̣ҪԸǩͬԺֳûǿѸǽֳѵ
˵ֵ֮ȻѵʵѵĸԼѵһͻһ벻ĿͻΪѵʱʹõ϶Լ䷽ʵġǩЭ飬Ҳֻϡ
ﳧź˺ü£֪λôôɼˡ
ӿһ˲һŸʵء
͸취ˡ
Ц˵ҲֻСҪĻǲƷԼ۱ȰɣҪġԼ棬ǿҪץ
ǵȻģǺϳ磬Ӻⷽһֱעء
ﳧЦŵȻ糤취ȷʵܲôһӾˡ
ɲһģϳģֻΪ˻㼼ⲻֻܸ𣿡
ﳧԺԼã
аǸǵļǲҲֻСͻ
ﳧһ㶣ȻЦȷʵôҲֹҳءȻͬԩңҾúǿԳںģδû׼иĺʽ
Ҳôġ
ﳧṩ취⣬ôпΪѸϳҪȫ⵹ΪʡһǮˣٶһЩ豸
ô󷽣ָһ飬ҲעһЩغֳϡԺغֳҲǺܴгģȵˮгҪ𱬡
ﳧ˵һԷ˳ļɲһд
˵Ԫ֮ǰСĸǸ¶
ôǮֵ𣿡
ﳧʵҲĶһ뵽ʲôòȴҪôǮһзգͺܵġ
ֹԪ棬ҲЩӪλܹе˼άһЩµ˼룬۲˵ֵֵã۾ֻ˵ĸӾͷչˣįˡٻͷֵֵãͺҸոոǳ⣬ѸṩһҪĲʲôʵʵĶܹ档֮ǰҲôӪţҾˡﶼá֪ʶ޼۵ġ
ﳧ˼Ƭ̣ͷҲҪǽӴӴˡ
ЦЦĵ´μԪˣܸԪ˵˵ԼǵλŪ˸Ǳڿͻˡ
ϳ¶ˣְϴεķݵĹˣȳｨ˾֪ͨǹȥ
ź֮ȥ˻е˵еҲˡ
·ġǰҪɶģڲˣɰѳ쵼˵ģһ衣
ΪϳʡǮˣԻеߵǿԶ豸Ķˡǵøпһ飬֪ʶǽǮԼ֮ǰƤӣܶ豸ˡ
ҪǸҪ豸׼ػеǱ¶ģǱ߹Ҳû
ն˶ӻеͿˡ
һװںһŮ˳ܡ
ҲûϸֻŽ飬ס֡
ǹװҲǻеġ
Ҳһ˲˵ʲôǿ˿ԱߵŮͬ־ȻͷˡŮͬ־Ҳûת˳
Ҳû˵뷨
ͺܺá
ԺվǿˣÿṩһѣǸˡ
ûߣֻǶһ߿񡣵ȿˣŴӽվصɶ
ǳĿ֮˺ð죬ץץͷһǷϵȥ˳š
ȥũҵٻ
ڹӪԷ
ٻΪӵأֲ˵𣬾ס
ס𣿡ͷҲסֺġ
ٻ
ҽ쿴ˡ
ٻһۡھǼһɣ˭Ҳᡣ
ЦǳĿˣġ뵽ģ˼˼αֽ϶˷⡣
ٻ磬˵ôˣãôĲˣ⹤ũѧôһӲֵǮˡ˭Ʋϡ
ٻͷҲ벻ͨʱ̫ˡ
еӦˡ
ʱ룬ǰְǱ̫ˣǲһ㡣Ϊû˿ɽʲô첻ɡ
¶ȫ֪ġæϳĹЪûЪ˵绰˵ϳ֮ȥʳƷ졣
ʳƷЧ沢áЩϡ͸ɴȴϳļعˡ
ϾʳƷڻżЩֳܳõ׬Ǯ֮ʽˣٰʳƷ
һܵ˹ɲ黶ӭ
Цŵ糤ԭֻܸߵģһӸ̨ҴĸɲǶַˣ˼ˣǲġ
˱ˮһƭǣЭ鶼ǩˡͷǾͺˡ
Цŵǵôɱ۵İ
ʲôɱ۰ԽһҵʡǮ
ߺȲ裬ͰԼϳ¶˵ˡ
ôɣҲܻǮ
ôܻ⣬ƻⶼǮ
ֱ͸Ĵš
޷񼸾仰ʡôһǮ
һ˼ġ
񣬼ֱˡ
Ϊ̫𾪣¶紫ˡ
Ŵţͱ糤ʮ仰ͻ豸ˡ
ĸɲԱǶָ߿˼̨ˡ
糤Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ܶ˶񵽵˵ʲôѧһѧԺɱ۵ʱϡ
˭ʲ
ҸԲǺصһ仰
ѲҴ峧ʱǻһ¡
ֻЩԶر
ţȷʵ˵һŸǶŪ豸Ҳͨõģֻķʽͨõġ
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ʽѧģѧ֪ʶ֪ʶȻȻͻˡ鱾ϵĶֻԼѧ˽̲ˡ
ҲûɣΪǾѧҶ֪¶
ĻˮƽҶ֪ġ
ǰֻ˲𣬵Ƕڴѧûʲô
žر˰ɡ
ƾ֪ʶŪ豸ǾͰǮϹˡ֪ʶˣŪǮ
⵹ԱǶڴѧӿˡ


293 
ǽ賧, ͻ˺һʱ䡣
ȻʳƷû䣬ôѾѳĵػڳˡ
Ȼڶй
ⶼҪʱ, ǸоģЩӸɲѵһʱӦЩ
ǿˡ
㹤ҪãûˢӲС
糤ֹ㣬Ҫ⣬ûὨ, 
, , ѧ˲١
, ڹ絹ǵںĸ㽨裬ѵ
һֱѩˣʱЪˡ, Ҳû˾ۣԽиɾ
˷, мԪˡֹһ, оƻɵĶԲܾûɶ¶ûɡ
ѧУ绰֪ͨȥҵ֤ʱŻȻ, Լⶼѧҵˣ
Ͻץʱ䣬дԼıҵġ
дƽʱĹ˱ʼˡľũľģʽΪĿ
˼д֮, ŽԼʵϰȥ¡
ԭڹҲܸµ, Ϊְ䶯, ǡ
֮ǰ, Ź쵼Ҫע⹤Խף¶Խ׳⣬ɲܳˡ
Щ쵼ʮǿƵ糤Ǹѧء
ֹЩɲسҲż⻹Ǹûҵѧ
Щˣȥˡ䵥λ
⻹йûأܷĵλ쵼߰ɡ
ȻᣬҰͲһֱƳءسֺǺǵ
Цҿɷˡ
سĵҲ 
ãȥһˮ˾ó÷õλԼȥѧУ
źˣŸϽ׶ȥ
˵ԼͬѧþûˣҲЩ
׶Ѿ˴ѩˣŴվͷѩر
ǰããһƬ
⾰ɫһȥͦⰡ
Ĵ˸¡
ԭʵû
񡣡
һµʱһɡסͷˡ
̧ͷͿԪΧΧ¶İ
üĿüۺЦ
ԪԪͬ־ôˡ
һûӦϰߵĸ˼ͬ־֡
ԪѧЦ˵ͬ־Ҫһ¡
죬ô֪
ﲻԪ˾Ǻ˵׶ˣǾ׶ķֹ˾˽һ£ŽѻȽϺá
ȣ־һů
˵ʵʱи˽һ£ȷʵůˡ
лл㡣
ÿϳɣȥѧУ
ԪЦЦһϳ
ů¯ˡæʲôҵˡ
ԪժΧֹϷͶʣһһЩвʡǡڶڷչãҾʱвͶʣԼǳУ͵λʾӪҲǿԵġ
ͷʱȷʵܲЩλҲϣܹͶʡ㻹Ժ̸Ƿݶռ㡣
Ԫ죬һΪϣǷݶռ㡣
ֲǿ˾׬ǮǶռݶҲȥͶˡһԪҲܴؾ÷չֻҵԸȥأܹ֧һľңҲԸֻҸ֣ȥ
ԪЦҲʣҲؽ衣
ҡͷûʣڽȫԱĵλܾϰԼϰ壬ǲϣԼԱȥ򹤡
ȻԺĵطˣܺӡʱҲᾡ취ԼԱϰ塣
ԪεЦЦǿźռ˱ˡȥ͵̸̸ԣҲһЩ˹ȥˣҪȥҹҪȥƿ졣ÿҲʱ䵽ˡ
ܻ̾زȥˣȥҪ綼ڸ㷢չǴֳĸ˽Ҳкöͷһû飬ҵö࿴ŵ㡣
˵Ҳˣֹүǣֺڵءþûˣ֪ûСƤ˵ûС
鲻һԪ͵͵ЦЦǵʱҲϡ
ģҲûתתˡ
ûϵҲԪ
˵ţѧУ͵ˡ
ϤѧУϲԾ¶ϲı飬³ͷ̫лˣʲôʱȥƣʱҴ绰ȥתתӸǿԵġ
֮䣬С
ãʱ䶨Ҹ绰ԪȥϾѧУôûסˣ֪ܲס
ǵûᡣֻڳ뿪
뵽ܻһ꣬ЦԼȥɡ
Ҫǰ׼һЩԵõġ
صѧУȥľᡣ
˶ˡ
Ȼʵϰһ꣬ᶼǸŵġ
ỹůˡ
Ǽˡ
һǶȥʵϰȥˡرǰһûˡ
һ༤ӵ
񰡣ˡţ
ֵʲôĽˡ
ţ
ţٺٵЦˣɼҵⶼҪʽϸλˣ鲻У֯鷳
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ֵǺŴ磬أ
Ǻ죬
ţҲǺ졣ã϶סˣž˵ȥסǼ䶼ʰأ֪ҪǶġ۽ҹ̸
˵ЦǸҪ緢չ糤ֻһͬѧٴž۵ѧ
žķӻˣ֮ǰҪáɼȥ׬Ǯˡ
رžɷɫҲãϴμ濴žȻҲСгɹˡ
žˣ˵ĺ˱񣡡
ôЩŲס
̫ˣ㲻֪ǰ뿪İ꣬ǹĶûζϵͬѧ㡣ϰ೤
ЦˣѧУȥǣ˱ҵ֤֮Ҳ۾ۡ
ž˵ĵͷ
Ϊ֪Ҫžʰ˷ˡ
ůůͺ͵ġ
ҲžɷµóҲûŮڷ죬˵Լλ
ȥ⽻ʵϰҲû뵽Լᱻֵⵥλȥʱѹͦ¸ѧУǵλͬǶչҲӦˡýӴ⽻ֻҪ룬һǷĸ 
ţȥǽʵϰС浱ԱҲʲôҪǸһȺ¼ȵġ
žȥ񲿣˵ҪȥѧϰģɼʱûС
˵ʵڵģ͵ԼеĹƫţ뵱ʦģȥ˲ˡ
찡ҵͬѧڶǲ쵼ˣԺҪչҰ
žЦȥ񲿣ء˵Ǿѧϵǲиİôȥˡ˵ôشҲ˵Ҳȥġ
Цˡ
žЦ˵ģһɡ㲻֪ҿֽĳɼ֮идҲ׼ѧУ롭Ȼ᲻󡣡
Ըɷ߻⡣
žЦŵ˵ˣֻҪԼˣȥﶼСû׶أ׼ǮţԺȥҹĵط򷿡
Ĭһ£ǣǮ׶ɡ
ž겻Ϊ⣬η򷿶һҪǮҪǮء
Цҡͷ
Ҳǣ׬Ǯ֮ﶼ𷿡
˽Լ¶ɳĳɼ
ԼȥڹĹ˵һ顣
ļϡ
湤ô𣿡
ֵ
ҲȫǣֻˡҲǳɳˣܻģֻҪǼԼıģúøɾˡҪ붷ֻᵢ¡
žҸһˣȻûܸͣ㵱֡
Цڿûһѧء
񰡣ŬԺҸ㵱顣žҸѧһӣҲȥ㹤˵ϼһԺҲ¶
Ժʼǣ¼һЩ顣Ҳϣĸɲ棬һЩĺøɲ
žЦŵͷһһøɲġ
ţûһڲúøɵģԺǻҪİңҲһ
ֵҾҺʲô
ļ򣬡ɺĹҲΪҳֲһҪ㹤Ҳܾ⽻ͬ־أǵĹһǿʱǵĹҲܼѡ
ָдıӣһǶҪΪ⡣


294 
ڶžȥϵｻ, ʦˣҲܸ, ˵һЩĻ
˵ڻĳɼҶˡѧϵѧ֪һλѧ»㣬ʵ£ɼˡ
ԺлҲһѧǽ顣
ӦԺʼǣܽᾭ飬Ժûѧѧǿ
˰칫ң׼ȥͬѧ۾, û߼ͬѧ, Щ˿, ۾ˡһ˷ܡ
೤
˽һ, ೤ȵȣȥȥ
ǰ뿪꣬Щϵѧɶû, һֱţûհ೤Щһ
Ҳĳɼ, ͬǻûҵ, ǻʵϰλѾɼˣǴ
ܿ, Щ˾ʹӸԵˣģЩΧû, , ϲ೤
೤ܵĿ찡
ڻĿ, Ҷˡ
೤ߵﶼǰ೤
ž, ೤ڶ糤ˡ
ϢĿ񡣱Լڲ೤ڻ㡣һҵ糤ظĸٰͲһˡ
Щ˶»뷨ˡҲڵطһҵطϵ
ͦɴԼȥʳóԷͬѧһɢﷹóһ١֮ģɴ֮һЩͬѧøȥλˡҲһϣڴô飬ɴͽˡ
ѹʸίԱίԱˡ
ҶͿģвУ۶ˣð೤Ʒˡ
ǡ
ЦǺһ೤ͲͣҲͬ꣬һΣҲһˡ
⻰Ī˸
ҲͲͰ೤ˡ
治ǮΪɲһǲҺڵĸɲûʲôǮĻᡣ
Էʳãסڹ硣ޱ״ʲôĶǹ䱸ġæĶû¹ӵĻᡣǮҲʹˣ󼸰ء
ϴѧ֮ǰĴҲСˡ
ʮˣʳð˼Բ˼ˡ
⻹ͬһһôһԷ
˸Ҳһ˷ܡΪ˲ӰĴҲûȾƣԲƣ
Ȼ˷ܵĽԼڹλϵһЩ
ͬѧ϶ǰѧУġڲʵϰ׶ŶˣԺС
ǽʱ˽ŵ
ҽ񽲡Ի㹤ܺ档
һЩ¶ˣû֣糤ͺǵһ̯¶ֻ˵ԼΪӦȥСϴ壬Ȼɺ֮󣬾ְˡ糤֮Ҳڻڹоý衣
Ĳȫ棬ҶѪڵġ
һ֮ıһط÷չǶôĳɾͰ
ͻȻһͬѧ
ҪᶨԼĿ꣬λзӵ̨ȻҪ˽㣬ʱӭǹָ˽ˣپǷ񵽻㡣
治ԼͬѧäĿĽ㡣
ⲻƾһǻѪܸɵ¶ʺϡ
Ҫǲʣļ顣
黹ˣͱʾһȥڵĻڹ翴
ЦУϵʽʱǰ绰ԽӴ
೤ԽӴִȥ
ӦʼıʼǱдԼµϵʽ͵λ
д֮󣬻ںһҵף
Ա㣬Ҳȥ֪һֱ𣬻֪Ƕܼء
׶زŹģҲжٻܼ
رհ೤Զġ
Ҽ֮󣬸ԸλҪ䶯Ҳ֪δںη
һֱ磬ҲŲĸɢȥϾҪΪ׼ء
ߵʱԼˣԺһΡ
ҿɲ׷ԲˣϵĶˣźյͬѧ档
žѧУ棬поϴѧѧУһһۣⶼȥˡ
žЦ᲻ˣ
ǰ᲻áԺҲǸѧˣҳˣӸˡЦ
žʲô󰡣ûҡ
бۿôԼͥˣƲˡ
žЦЦЦЩNɪ˵ˣҹȶˣǾҪӡ
ȳԹһɺı硣
ž꿴죬ðҸţǵδررá
һġ
죬Ҷ˸ɫˣһءƺص㣬Բôʥһ졣
Ҫũ徭ñΪ
˼徭˽Ӫϵľģʽ
ΪģʽǿԲġ
徭ũͬ־ıϣ˽ӪϵĻ졣
ⲻֹһۣҲʵеĳľ飬ݶռͺСϴõġ
ʵʵڵĶ
֮棬ʮɡ
ѧĽ
ҵ֤ҪһڲãˡžãʱֱӼĹȥˡøϻػڹȥ
֮ǰǸԪ˸绰
Ҳ׼أһɣҿһƱ
֮ǰ˵Ҫȥƿ죬Ҳûһˡ
ԪűϾǴţƱ糤ҪǶˡһƱ
̲
Żûȥٻ˾棬һЩ
Ȼ֣׶ȻһԪٻ
ĶرࡣΪڼһЩϷķװȻҪƱ
һһ·ԼһҲˡ
˽ĵĸڵһס˼οڵúѧҲŹһѧ
֮ʾּĻȥˡ
¶ȥԪϡ
벻ʲôźʣɴһֻѼ
ԼҲȷʵˡ
ֻû뵽Ԫͦ࣬һˡ
ͦΣû뵽ôˡ
Ԫ֪֮ʹ鷿ˣȥ鷿
Ŀ˿ֻǲҹȥȻϽȥү˵¶
үӲ˵ǹôʲô£Ժң
ԪԶŻ֮䡭
Ԫүֶȷʵ䲻˼ңǸ˼뾳˲֪ء˼һһܿ
ν˵ˡʱ֪¶ֻͦиܰСӸסˡ
үӶˣû˸˵ʲô
ԪүӶʱԼЩЩϣǹȻĿǳⶼʲôˣʲôŻ˸㣬˼ȷʱգû׼ԪҪء
ŻӳǮпʲôûУ뵳ûɹ
鷿Ԫд
û뵽Ǽô˶ڡ
ҼˣүӵġֶֶԪ͵Ⱥ˸񲻺õӡӰԼˡ
ĵⲻһ𣿵Ҳûٶ˵
Ԫ鷿ʰһѰ칫ƷڴС´ڰæ
Ȳţộʵٶ
б޻Ԫ鲻ɫ
ЦҪںⰡ
ˣȷʵ㡣ǱߵĽͨܲһơ
Щڴ
ȻʡͶʣû׼ܸźȵ
СʰͰѿѼóˡ
ԪüȻóȥһ£Լ˾ƣĳԺһ١
̾þûζˡ
´лᣬҸԪЦ
һ룬ȥˣֻҪζˣЦҡͷ
ҲûǷϣеġ
ҪΪʲôҪƣԪ鲻⡣
ڼֵʱ򣬾ҪˡС֪˸ʲôʲôǲҪòĶͲҪǿ
ԪԳĬͻȻЩ
һһ㶼֪ԵŮˡ
֪ǰŻĿ
Ʊϣȵϡ
Ȼûˣ׶Ҳͦ࣬βؼˡҲƽʱࡣ
Ԫδ˼ȥԶһˡ
ֻЩ˳֮󣬾ͳȥͳȥˡԪ壬졣
ʵδð
Ԫͼ죬ϻꡣ
Ľһž۰ҵõˡ⣬ȥꡣ껨ڹľҲȶˣԻȥˡ
ԪЦҲûʲôĽġ
ĵǱ֪ôûȥһԲءûؼˡ
Ԫ˵꣬ҲóЩ˷٣Ҳˡ
Ϸ׬˺ܶǮ
ͷ
Ԫַ˸صԪ׼ǱٶƤ˸ǸֻҪԪ꣬Էַסʮ꣬Ӿ͹ǵˡ
һ㶣ǵˣ
ԪͷЩԪڻ㣬ܲܲסõسɱͽɱߡ
֪뷨Ǿ֪Ҳ
ΪΪ׬Ǯҵң뵽ôࡣ
̽ʵûδеķۻ𣿰÷չģʽܿܰ
Ԫ̯֣νǮѣҲںҪˡ
Ĵָϰ尡
һ·˴Ϸ˵вãӳо̸ũ徭áũ¸̸ְĵĳ졣
񶼾⳵ϵʱ䲻֪Ĺˣȵ˺ʡǻվûӦоһ۵¶ɱԼһҪöˡ
˻𳵣ҪȥƳˡ
ԪԪʡзֹ˾ȥƳǿ乫˾
ûͬ⣬öſˣԼȥˡ
㿴ʲôʱ׶ҵʱԶٷ
ԪЦŵ⼸ɣҪŻȥء
ҪȥҪȻߵѩҲˣͲðˡ
ԪȻĵͷ
ĿƳصĳӣԪ̾˿ֹţҲ̨֪Ԥ׼׼ѩ
ѩ·߲ˣҲû취ȥˡ


295 
û뵽ԪС˼, ҪѹûǷ롣
ֻԪҪߵʱʡԶٷʱ, û׼Ԫ̸ˡ
, ҲԼȦ, ̫˷ʡ
æʱ򣬾ûʱкѡ
һ·ϣĵ, ΪѾҵ, еԼϵˡ
ԼʵϰΪ˵¶, ˾һɲ, ǻڹĸĸ١⻨ڹϰչϺ, Ρ
ص, ɲǶϲ
ЦһԼԼǸѧˡԺҲҪټӰѾˡ
ӰѾ
ɲǱʾЩ˼ŬôŬ
ǲ֪ǵ뷨ҪȻ˵һ䣬ĵĶ
Ⱥ¸·ûȥûóɹ¸·Ͳչˣ
¸, 緢չǵڶʱ··㽨ĸ㽨衣ⶼҪġ
׼ʱ, ûڹ糹״
Ȼ, ⶼ¶, ƻµðˡ
͸͹ɲǿᣬ׹⡣
ǹһ꣬¶Ҿͱˡ
ҲǲǷż٣ֻǽȷʵѡȫ綼㽨裬ֳ˽أ۶Ҫȥġɲũͬ־һͶʾͳˣ¸ļչ
ôһ˵ɲǶû˼Ϣˡ
ֻýȷʵһ
Ҫʱôæ׹֮󣬶Ҫʼɢˡ
ھȻæʱ
Ȼʲô쵼ʲôӡ
Щɲȴûˣûͦ˷ܵģرиɾ
Ҷˣ֪⹤ˣδڹʲôԴҶ¶
ȥоʲôûı仯Ķ⶯Ծˡ
û˰ţÿ糤񣬰˸ӣ֮⣬ĸ糤ÿ˸ӵĹڼҪפӣʱ⣬⡣¶ǹܣע¶ˡ
糤οʹأ
һ˾ˣҽõˡ
һͦ
⺮µģرǹڼ䣬ȥôοʣһʮּĹ
Ϊܶӵ·ߣȥǲеġ
궼Ǽ쵼ֿжֵһȫˣǿɲһѡ
Ҳ֪ͦ࣬ҲǾôһ⡣
Ϊ磬¸Ȼ߹ܶӣǲû˽ÿӵũͬ־
ÿȥǿΣô¸
ҲһֱæˣҲȥһԼԱǹôȻÿѻƶһЩѻķƶ
ǹ׸¶
ɲæһˣҪ㸣
ҲǷģֻǷĶࡣˣÿꡣ
ʵҲֱ࣬ӴСϴֳûҲ¶
ǺôⰡ꣬򲻵ءҸ߸˵ġ
ʮ档
ϸˣ˳ԱǹҲϡ
ΪӱߣȥҲ˶١ԸȥǮ
㣬ʮ棬ϡĺöءЩɲǸ˻ˡ
ŸɲϲɫЦǮСϴֳаǮȻҸõ蹫ȥǽҶ࣬һ࣬Ҳǹ罨Ҫһ֣õϣ
ҲҪô֪ˣҶá
ɲҲȷʵܸˡ仯ȷʵ
ˡ
ֺͺ˵ˣֳóһ˵֣ëǮһġ粹ëȻԱ
ũͬ־ǶǮͶˣûǮꡣ۲õһ궼Կʲ˵ģⲻСҪһ㡣øҸûڱÿͷӼ˻ȥ֡
ܲĻˣŽ˵Ǯ
糤׬ǮҲǻỨǮ
⻨˵ͲˡһӼǧ鰡
ĸɲҲЩۣȻǹǮģɻͷһΡ
Ц᲻ˣǮֵãǹǮԴҵڵ¸ҵԡܲܽ괴ҵˣ꣬궼û˶־ˡֻҪԱڣ۶ܹϺꡣ
̬֧֣۵ú糤ѧϰǲǽ᲻źײǣ
ɲЦ
Ц⻰ɲԱˣʱ򶼲ˡ
ɲֶЦˡ
ȻǻỨǮǮȥˣԤƣԱ궼Ҫζ
¹ûкòˣտ϶Ǻõġ
Ȼ緢֪֮ͨ󣬸ӸɲǶ˷ܵĲˣӵ֪ͨԱ㡣
ëǮһ˲Կ˲ϵ
㲹ë൱Ͱǹˡ
ЩԱǶ¶
궼ûôõ¶
߼Ҵӵ˿ӲˣΪСϴ¸Ա׷ܵ¶ѾΪȥˣʮҲû˴Ͷ¸أ겻˵ˣ֯ġ糤˵ˣǮ¸ˣ϶ûǮ꣬զҲҪô㣬࣬иͷ
ԱȺˡ
糤ǹ극ûкòءǹĵʵˡ
׼ġΪͶȻ޶ǼҼһ˿ڶ࣬ôһ֣ȷʵûǮˡȥģûȥˣΪѡ׼ȥ˾ˡ
ڹŻô㣬ܲôж
߼Ҵӵֱ̫̫ӵ֪ǳ⣬û󷽣糤۷ˡ
糤Ǹ˰
øɲϸ߰Ҳѧѧһӵģǽ궼ûʾ
ǣӿûǮˣͶȫˡǮǺò״ӹҪء
糤Ǹøɲ⻰ͬ
ôĸɲ⸣ͷһء
Ϊ˸ӹ㣬СϴֳڹǰһھͲˮ˾ĶˣרŸڹӴ㡣
Ҹ߸˵İѺıŪˣ
Щ㶼ǵһµ磬˺ܾˣڶı֮ǰҪ
һȥһƬ
Աǿⳡ϶˷ܵЦݡ
˭ˣ˵һ䣬𡣴Ҷ糤ã˻Ҫչ⣬Ÿɲǵ˵д̼ѡһӾһء
ȻСϴ㲻˭ҲӶ
Ա϶ӳ糤ǲֲؼҹˣҪų԰ɣ
ԱҲͣСϴԷ
϶ӳɣû׼ɲҲҪأ۵ʱ˵˵
Ҳڰ칫ͼ˴绰˵ȥ¶
ռѾյĹȥ·ϲ
ʽ򲻵ġûô׼ȹʱˣ
ϧֲܻȥˡ
̾˺üǰֻõɲ磬ڿţɲҲס
̣ڶ糤ڹûǣҵùߵ¶߲ˣҾͰĻؼˡ
Цˣ˭ԼŮǸɲء
ҶͦŸӣҽϲϣҪˣָϲˡ
ЦŵҺ꣬ҿ϶ȥء
ҽ飬Ҳϲˡ
죬㶼Ҫˣ˿ˣ
Ǳģ˭ҳôҪԿ
Ҷģ֪μѧˣ˵ֻҪõҵ֤ˣͬ¶ԼԼܰʣµĿγ̿ꡣ
Ǳġô
һθп̫ˣɿԿõרƱҵ֤ˡ
˴һӡ
ʻɵĺڵͺá
һӾЦˣڵѧϰզ
ֿһˡ
ԱߵĹᰡڵҪ飬ɼá
˵ΪӺãڵŴˡ
˵үүȽϱ
ڵ˵οܺãÿ춼ڿ͹ſģ˻໻ſʦҲ˵ãųĿҲӦˡʦĿҿԼûؼѧҶѧ
ЦڵԣҶѧˡ
ڵٺٵЦ
ܲѧò֪ͬѧǶرġйû˸ҺܡֻҧдĿ
ã·Ҳůͣرϲллá
лЦˣǰûТһ·ء
ͼͨ˻ﶼůůġ
Ȼܻؼȥ֪꣬ԼһطҸԵñů㣬;ÿģ㡣
˹ҸҲܹķܶ뷨
νȥʳóԷ
ˣʵͼ˴绰ˣ
һ
Цˣ֪糤ٺͼϵΪѹ糤Ҳ̰ˣÿζͻѡȻ칫и绰ʵϵҲࡣ
ÿϵ꣬鶼ܺá
Цŵ糤ҪȥǼһɡ
ˣԼԣгкȵͦõġҽ껹Ҫ磬극׼ʱԵġҽ绹Ҫȥ￴ˮ˾
ˮ˾ĹûӣͷšΪҪˮԴǻڹ磬Ҳû˴ӡ
ܾҲûǿЦ䰡ѩͦġҪϲͣŶóˡ
ͷҲôģͳˡҪѩ˾Ǳߴ졣Ǳ¶ˣźð´οԱ
磬ͳˡ
ҺмճճĳֱһĳӵӷһЩ
Ҳֻ
ĥţҪѩˣܾҪ߻ˣôѩоҪ
Īľʹ˸¡
˳㻹˸硣
˾ĵ糤ɱðˡ
ӣãͷԵҩˡǽ̫ˣһûӦ
˵ƽʱҲͦעġȻæǸóԳԣúȺȣʳԺҲϾϵأһ棬ɲ
ӵ͸Ͻˮ˾¶
Ҫǲ鿴һ׸̵
ɲΪף̧߼۸ӹ˿ơˮ˾Ҫȥŵ۵ġ
Ϊ⣬ˣǼ۸ҲֻϵһëǮѡҪǲ鵽ϵ̫࣬ǾΥˡ
÷ҲûЪţЩ¶ȥܵģһͻ㱨Ϣˡ֮ǰÿŵÿ¶鿴ģ׽ͨˣǾʹ绰صȥġҲȷʵǼ۵¶÷Ѿгȥˡ
úãͼ۸Ҫܵλر׵ʱ򣬲ϰչԿ㶼ġ
÷㰲ŵģ۶úüءˮ˾׬ǮΪ˱ϼ档
Цŵͷ⼸æˣˮ˾ҲϢˣǵʱ򶼷١
⻰÷ҲϲһæûʲôʱŮˡڹŮɣᱧԹ
ҲܲŮˣŮóԵĺôġַˣס·úʳǡ
һжǰܸģԸмܣǲǲؼҹ갡ҪһԸǼҾҺŮ
ЦܲˣҽҪ´ȥοԱ
÷۴ĴѩʱЩ
ҲǸŮͬ־ء
治װ


296 
ⳡѩûͣ, ԽԽơ
˵ѩ׷꣬ѩ̫Ҳر𲻷㡣ܵĸֳԱ
, Ĺ֮, ȫװĻعˡ
Ϊ˰ȫ, Ҳûóͣ·ϳ¶Ͼڵ·ɲԺ·߶ûˣҪôǺ, ҪôǹġӴ򻬽Ͳ, ȥ׼֯ɨѩ, ·ϻѩһ, ҪȻȺ˸鷳¶
߹, ѩСʱ߻
ñӺ·϶ѩ, ͺ͸ѩһġ
οһϽȥ칫¯칫ͣŪˮ
찡ôˡ
Χͨ죬˵ű¶, ⻹͹ˣҵ¶ˡ
οͮͮģЩۡ
糤ƽʱϵ糤ǲһ, ľͺ͸һġ
˵, ҲǷǵȥο, Ǻ֣糤ҲǶȥǳȥ˼˼ˡ
Ҳ֪ĸԺλһҲû˵ʲôˡ
ѩҲ̫ˣðɨѩˡţȥΣһͬ־ɨѩ
ڰ칫һů
Ҳ֪ǲΪһһȵԵʣоЩκģҡҡͷоԼеˡ
ϵĵ绰æ˹˻ڹ֣ͺһҡ
㰡׶˰ɡԪҲˣ˵Ҫ˳Էġ
һֱûӵ绰Ͱ¶ˣ´Է
ûȥԪ̾ѩ̫ҵİȫ⣬׼ѩСһٻȥѩˣûͣơүү˵׶ǱѩΪ·ϰȫǣұȥˡ
һ¡
Ԫ̾һںƣҪˣҲڻ϶ȹҲ꣬Ҫһ˹ˡ
Ų֪ô˵ˡ
ȻЩκģǻ˼ڡ
Ԫںƣ;ͦɵģԪͻȻǰʾ˵һЩǿɵˡ
ˣǱضġ
ΪɣԪƵḶֿ́ʼЩˡ
ɺϵƣɺϵıơ
ǣô֪Ҫ´ѩ
񵽵֪Ԥģ׶Ҫ֪⣬ƺҲǲܡ
ԽԽɣ֪ôظԪˡ
ǣʡԼչԼɣʡǹӦúֵġǱ߻зֹ˾ء͵οʻԱˡ
á̾Ϣζˡ
˵ͻȻ˸硣
ˣԪʵ
űһе㣬ѩ󣬶ˡȵˮ˯һϾͺˡ
ԪĬһ£úչԼ
ģЦЦӾ˵ѹˡ
˵绰֮ϽȥԼˮˮȡ
ˮˮʲôһˮͺúܶˡ
ˮ֮һԼԴЩ뷨
ϣԼˡ
ЩΣҲˣɴſһ
绰һͷʡǹӪ棬ԪҲ˵绰
Щȥ׼һЩðҩҩĿǰҩ﷽滹ģرũ
źҩ˰ųӣ׼
ʾ·϶ѩ򻬡
ԪǾΣѩԪҪΪʡѩסܵѩڼ乤ҪͶʣóô˻ǵĳ⡣

磬ͷˮҲȲԼˣȥ룬һǵС
˵һæһͷȽϴŮȥ
ߣǾ񲻴á
Ҳš
ҲûܾҲ֪ⲻǳܵʱ
ڹ˵ˮΪκģ˯һ
һ춼ˡ
ƹ谵;ôŸˣСƽ㣬鷳ҵˮ
ŵ˾ˮݸ
ӹһڣһЩſߵˡ
ôˣ
ȵĿŴŵԪ顣
޷ΧΧǱҲˣҲЩǱ
ҲûطʡɲǶҪżˣû˹ҡҾֻͶˡ
񣺡뿿ڴû˵
ԪҲĬ
֪ԼǼˡΪˣûô࣬æˡ
Ҳˡ
ΪʮŸϹֻһٷ뿪
óҩ񣬡ԵҩЩҩȵˮá˵ܳԡ
ӹˮ£лл
ԪЦˡ
񲻺ãҲԪֵ̫ãһʱҲ֪ô¶ɴҲᣬת˻⣬ôģҽӶͨС
һ·ʡѩ֮ҪˣҾ߹ġ
񾪵ĵԲ۾֪ǸþʡôѩˣǾȻôԶ·
Լһߵģ
ԪüôߣҾͲߣʺܺõġ
ǰϹУġ
Ǿȵĵͷ
ȷʵԪܳԵࡣ֮ǰֵľһԲ˿ͷĸN
㲻ùģôԶʡǻǺõ㡣
Ԫ΢Цһ£ûش
˵ʲôʡϢһ°ɣҩ֮˯һͺˡ
Ҳȷʵóҩ֮˯ˣ˸Ƿһؼ˯
ԪɣҪϲҲҴڳȥˣû׼ء
ҲˣʵϢеط˯𣿡
УǸɲҰˣ˯ɡ
УȥɣԼ˯ˡ
ԪͷˡʵҲû뿪˯ڸڲ
ûסⷿϢϴ˸ǷСͬ־治ȥϢ䰡
û£˯ţԪЦŵ
ϴ˸˯ĵǲ糤Ķ󰡡
糤б£ҵĶҲáҲ
ԪⰲĻ¶
֪ô
ߵһǲġ
ֻҪûҵ£ͻлᡣ
ϰ˶κҪﶼúıΨΣıҲûá
ԼڱȽελ档
ܲϡҲõĸ顣
رǽ쿴ڴϣյʱԼ֮ǰȻ´ѩ뷨ܿɳܡ
һɲԣ´ѩɸĹѶȡ
ԪԳЦЦȻ¶˾ģҪһ

ǵˮǳҩ˯һ˺֮˶ˬˡ
Ͻ׼ؼҲȻȥϰ࣬ͿԪŷн

Ԫʵ
ЦŵҩˣҾã֮ͳˡڻȥϴ
Ԫ͸һ𣬡ҸŪ˵Եģԡ
Щһ
֮ǰʲôȫԼϹ¡
Ȼֱܹӿ˼ˡ
һ£ͷϽȥԼҪϴһ¡
ЩͻȻ


297 
ˮ, ˳˲˺壬ϸɾˬ·ΧΧ, ʵʵġ
ʵʵҲ䡣
ﲻ񱱷йůʪ, ﶼһ䡣
˲ϱ, Щҡ
Ĺ, ϸ˼һ¡
˵ĶǼٵġ
ǰЩ׷, Ҳ, 鰡һȥͼݰһ򹤡
ôԶ, ðѩ, Ԫ黹ǵһ
Ҳɷ, ԪҲЩøе, ֻΪǣԲŻὫЩøֻǶѵϧ
ҲΪǣǾܾ
̬ȸӼľܾ
˫ЩԼ, ûǸԪ顣
˫ìܵʱ϶Ǹõġ
ĳЩ棬Ҳ֪Լ
ǰѧҵֵǸ, Ҫǰڴһƴ˻鷿, ҪΪӷܶ, ֻҪҸĹͺá
ûһ, ķ֡
ǰЩ龭, ̾˿
Ҳ֪ܾ֮ԺûкĻᡣﻹűҵҵϵʽͿҲǴĻȡ
֮һߵԪ¯ϵĹʢ࣬ͷЦһ£ոȺãȳԵȵġ
񣺡
ϵӣͻȻЩ˿ڡ
׼һ¡
߳࣬ôڡ
Ԫڱϸͷ
ĺ𣿡
ͷҴˣҪȥ磬춼ҪȥοԱǡ
Ԫͷ
̾ǵɲľ²ǻɲܹڼʱ䶼ࡣһž۵ʱǶûͼž۵ġǵλҲкܶ޶ǷָءӾˣ˫Щѡ
Ԫ΢΢һЦȻҲǸɲΪҲһġȫܣٺͼžۡ
񣺡
Ԫ۾ƽʱ򣬲ԶҶᱼ
ͷࡣ
ڣ̧ͷ棬ֱӵԪͬ־ĲС涼ʡҲСǶǳˣ¶Ҳԡۻһ仰ʲôʲôˣå˵˵һ棬̸Ҹ˶κûнģ˷ʱ¶ǾܾġҲˣ̫æˡ
˵ˣĳ˿ɲñˡ
;¶鷳
̫ˡ
ȻҲеܡ
ԪסԼ֣Ħ¡û߳ŭҲûʧ䣬ֻ΢ЦԵȹϦ֮ٺú̸𣿡
̬ȣҲò׼ˡ
ǽܻûܣ
ʵΪʲô̸
ԪһЦ̸֮ҽҪһ˹ˡ
̯֣Ȱ˰ɣܲԺÿ궼¶̫ˡ
Ĭûɵķˣ̲סЦˣǲǵƵգ
ԪЦŵͷԿǡ
ЦˣӰɣҪȥˡ
ԪҲվһɡҲũʲôӵġǱ糣˿һȷܾˡ
񷴶ˣǸµ˾ͺá˳ȷʵиҪ¶
ţҲûܾزĵطһĴҲá
ҲԼĹ֪֮Ĳࡣ
಻˵˭˭͡˭˭ƶδĿ겻ͬ
ûıġ
׼οҪõĶˡһЩϺһЩƷڸѻοƷɴ׼áֱӹȥþˣ쵼Զණ
ԪЦŴк糤ĺҪЪЪɡ
û¶رʵҲܺã̫ˡ
Ҫע塣ζ
ЦŵͷֽԪʶѾ˰ɣԪŵԪܣͶʵģѩ·߿һ¡
θ֣̫ӭˣԪҲ߹𡣡
ԪЦź֣Ҫꡣ
εǺú׼һ¡
˵ſ
֪ˣ ԪģҺ֮ǰܶˣдˡ̫ˣԪܻҪѹòͶˡ
ЦЦھͳ𣿡
ţ߰ɡ
ͷ
궼Ǽ糤ҲһģξһˣһԪ顣
£ûøţæĹˣ궼æΪʽϵ¶˷ҵ˴֮Ȼдӵĸɲһ
ԼŰԪȥ
ǰк·ϿܻܶѩߡҪߡ
ԪҪҴ绰˹ѩ
ҡͷԱҪ֪λѩ϶Ͱ͵ľʹӼܳѩˣԸǰθǡ
ԪЦЩԱ派ӡ
ΪκζǵҪ
˼ѵ·ţ˭û˭
쵽ʱľͿѩ·ˡ
һкЩڲѩ
˿ˣ󺰵糤
Ӹɲ˹
߼ҴӵҲϵ׳·ȣ˵ӭӹˡ
ѽ糤Ŀ磬·ûء
ԱǣʵҾҶѣôôԱͬ־ѩ
ԩˣ֯ģԷġ֪糤һң֯ѩء׼ȥ
ѩԱЦڼû¶˶һҲů͡
糤һ·߰ɣѩ̫ˡ
Ķ϶Ҳڲѩġ
жмллңллǡ
ˣʲôǶֵ¶糤ԶĹأɲס
ҺЦ
¸˵ԣõ糤ǿɻӭˡ
ǶҲã¸ߣȥ칫Ҳȥ칫ң̫ˡ
Ҷæȥʲô칫Ұȥѻ￴Ҫȥء
ʶˣӳǸжɣ¶ˬ
УȥȻֿԪ飬λͬ־ǡ
ԪԪܣġ
죿ĺԪ֣ʾӭĵ
ԪЦŵҪʶʶũζ
ţʲôζĿǰҲиζˡ
Ӹɲ˵׼õĶȥƶ߷á
ÿӶôرѵġ
ѵԭָ
¹ˣﺢӶ࣬ȴͻȻû˵˵ġֻǼǰһֱһֱʮ˴һֱġ
꣬ҶûӡҲûŻǮꡣ
Ϊ㣬ǼҼһﶼƮ˵ζ
һȵϰ֣ĸлϰŵͶʮԪǮиͷˡһ࣬ûɷûжŮ
Ƕѵѻ
ͷˡ
ԺӻõģҪ壬ԺҶҪҸӡ
ϰŵҪ꣬˵ŴӵЦ
Ԫ鿴ªĲټªݣٿյ֣̲סЦ
֪֪ѶˡûѴֻ֪Խ˽⣬Խ
һªԵˡ
񽫶׼ĶţꡣϰżıŶܽҪǳš
ûã£ԼŸɲߡ
˰żҵӣʸǣƽʱʲôΪ˵ֻǰѼظ˼֣׷ֵʳ֮ҡҡͷһֵܷز࣬ˣֵĸˣ
Щ¹ˣҪչ˵ġ
׼Ա¸֮·Ȳչ֮ҪչƶرԴ
ȥһӶ࣬һĸ״ӵļͥ
˵òˣʮ꣬Сꡣ
ͽıڡ
ŮʲôزأͶʶûǮ
Ϊ̫ˣҪԷ治סǮ֮ǰǮҲΪӰβûˡ
ˣӵĸЩִ١úǸϽˡ
ӵԴʵѧ𣿡
ˣˣĸ׻شߺãǷѧѣȥѧˡ
ЦŵѧͺãѧʣԺʱȺǳˣͺˡ
⻰ĸ̲ס۾
Ҳȥɨäϼ֡깫ȥһЩڼɣǮ
ĸ׼糤
ƭ㡣Ц
ĸ׸˼ˣһɨäģʶһЩˡԺ֡
ҪѧҪȻôǮأ
ĸֱͷ
¿࣬๤Ҳ׬Ǯ
ׯڣҲ͹ǳԣһⶼҲǽ㣬ˡ
뿪ңк͸̸˷ƶ⡣
֮ǰ¸ҼһԺԴͲٶһЩĹλˡԺҪͳЩѻܸɻģͳƳǽӻɡ
ҲΪʲô¸ƶ
һͲһ˺һλľˡ
Ǯֶ˱仵Ҳ˱ãĴ󷽣Ĳƽϡ
ЩΪƶļͥ㿴˿Ҳûοʣֱˡͺ͸߶ӳ˵ˣҲͳƳѵһ£ǳȥȥ
Ϸء
ȥ򹤣Ͳܺͼɢˡ
νǹߵġ
﹤ũҲһҲǻȽϲˡ
ͺ񵱳һǲϲũɱľ
ԪЦŵҪľͽҡ
ҡͷϿ棬Ҳÿ㡣
ԪЦˡ
ͣȥӡ
Щ·ϵѩɾˡȻǰ׼ġ
ҲԪʶֹȥѩкܶˣԸΪƽϵĻѩ
ߵƽƽȵġ


298 
ĵ, ЩԱǶóʮֵ飬Ϊ˹Ա, ҲΪҽġ
һЩԱ֪ˣԼĺóԵԡͷĲ˰ӡĸɹ, ҪǶܾˡһѶ·ˡ
ѻ֮, ԱҲ㸻ԣǹû, ֻûɶòˡǾȴҪúܶࡣӭ´, ƺ֪һ
һ·ЦźǴк, ǹʼûѴ
Ȼֿѻ, ȥοƷ, һһҵĸЩѻȥϣ
¹ǹ, ǲ, һһŵˡ
ЩеѻǶһͷĺˡ
뿪ѻ̾ţߺԪЩϰգʵ, ֻҪһϣǾԼӹˡǻǧǧϰաԺ, 󲿷ֶҪЩˡ
ȻԪڲ̸¶Ҫ˽⵽ʵ
˽һ
֪Լһ, ǿŵͬʱҲҪȱ㰡
ԪҲЩͰķ, Щǲ·, ȴȻЦҸˡ
һЩϱЦ, һ޷ݵľġ
ΰ󡣡
񣺡
ĸĶ
СϴЩӵĲѾˡ
Ȼǻûзֵֺ죬Ϊ֮ǰÿÿ˲ֳĹԻ׬˵㹤ǮġԹıȱĴӸԣһЩҲһЩ
дԪ飬Ƕûѻˣ϶ӳֱӵѻҲǽǮͶˣȻԺӷֺǮҶŷǮأˡ
Цˡ
ǿɲôҲǵһ¸·Ĵӣ糤Դߵأܲ
ŵЦ
Ȼȥѻڶתһ£ϾʱҲˣЪˡ
СϴǺפĵ㡣
Ҳдǡ
ԪҲˣɾˡ
ٿΪǴˣɿ̬ȣûϡ
ǼԵģΪǼԷЩԱǼͲһӵģ¶ûܾ
Ǵһӷˡ
Ǻͺϴˣ˵ƴžƣԪһ
춼ȵ㡣
Ԫ״Ȼͷ
˵һڣԪ;Щˡ
ҲǺȾƵģư׾ƣʲôƶܺȡСϴľƣζȷʵá
Ǹȥˡ
ЦʵԪȵĹ𣿡
ԪͷУҵǷ֣ƳǵľˮҵҲг
ôѺȵľƻ˺ȡ
ˡ˵˼شĻţ༰
Ԫ飬ҸֶԺͱⲻ¶
ǮԼ׼׼ʱɽȥʲô㶼һΡ
극סǼˣԪ򱻺ˣһȥסᡣ
ȻߵʱҲúһԪǰ˵˵ɲļҪѼļҲ˵ϡ
Щҵʶһ»ɲļ
Ӧˣ糤ƣλԪԺͶʣ
ΪԪҲȽˣҲû֮ǰ衣ᣬԪˮԪˮ䡣
ҲһˮߺԪһݽš
Ԫ鿴ۣɽҴݡȰɡ
ţλǽˣʱЦЦУݡ
Ҳ⣬Ϊ֮ǰ´ʱ򣬺ܶ¶ҲϰߣҲͬˡ
ʱѹͽˡݽˮԱ˵Ҳǲ˷ѵģһ˫һˮЩݳˡ
ĽҲ¶Ԫ齲ˣôԪÿιʱǶرдģҪȻƽʱԿⶼԲϡҲټĶֻˮϴ
ԪһֳֻӣҲ档
ҲģӸ˽
˵ǵϱһ֧żͥʱԪϴβ˵֯Ҫ𣿽𣿡
ȿȣ̫æˣû
ԪָɲϲʲôĶ󣿡
ЩΣʲôžͲˡȻͻݵģǾ͸ˡָɲҪôһڼչ˼ͥҪôһڻԿࡣҲǾһطҪһܲü˸һ𱼲ѧϰ֮ġ˵糤ⶼûؼҹˡÿûɼңҪȻô룿
Ԫô˵ܲˣô룿
ʵҲû˵񲻺õ˼ǸпŮͬ־ĲףԼΪˣ֪˶ˣò˼¡
ǡ
Ԫ鷢һζЦ
ЦЩǿû취⡣
ԪҲû뷨ˡ
ѺԺ֯ˣһҪס֯ĪĶ顣
⻰ܾòζʲô˼ôֵֹġ
Ԫûˣ΢ЦŴкԼȥˮȥˣ׼ϴ
ںֳƺܲ
չ˼ͥչ˼ͥ⿪ʲôЦ
ͺܲˡ
⵹Ҳһ
ܾǾҲ˰ɡ
ڶ죬Ԫ˼ӣʣµĴӶˣ˽Ϧǰοʹ
˻ص磬Ѿˡ
ֿʱǳϦˣ׼˲ˣ絽Ҽҳ극ɡ
ԪЦŵͷҲ¶һ֡
ȣ
ȻĻԪЦ
ȻЩڴΪһ㡣
Ҳ극֮󣬾Ҫϲ̸¶ˣرϧꡣЦָˡ
û⡣
ȷֿʱԪ麰һ˵
ڣЦŵ

Ϧȫѵ÷żٵһ졣
һ첻ϰ࣬õǹֻҪһþˡ
ԭ׼ڰ칫ҹģ߰칫ԣԪˡҲȥ칫ˣڼ¯ӣ׼ʳġ
˸糤ȻҲ⣬Ҳ˸ġ
㡣
˵ʵģʣµļ׼ԡ
ĺ磬Ϳʼæˡ
ԪҲһˣһӵĶȻš
ƣࡣһЩɹӡ
ȵĿţŪôණˣ
ԪЦӣҲû飬׼ġ
ЦŹ׼ʲôԵġ
˵׼裬ԡ
Ԫ鿴һۣ͵еţ⡣
ͷ
ͷһԪҲΧȹΧˣסȫûһ㾫µĸN󣬵ʮֵľӼҡ
΢΢һ㶣ͷ顣
һϾͰ˸ʳġһտðһζ
ӱϣԪͿһƿƣˡ
һ£һںƣĸúܷʢ
һˣƾͷˣϾһ˳Էܼ򵥾ͼ򵥡
ԪҲЦˣĸҹ˵һڡ
ȵĿ
Ǽǰڣ
Ҳֻû˺ҹԪ
Ԫүӵ̬ȣȷʵô׵ӡй¡
ԼҲˡҼбľ
ЦŵôڣǺúùԺúȺá궼ġԿԣô˱˷ˡ
˾һ⣬ȵһƿơ
Ա㣬һ˶ʹԼдģдĵȻȲϴʦǺôҲܿȻҲģԼдĶ˼
дԼδΣÿ쿴ţԼ
дʱԪʹ
һʱҪģһųƬģûڴʱڣƵϲ֡ϲֵζʮ㡣
Ҳûȥڼӡ
ʱԪͰﲻæˣûɹ¶
飬ſʼ̵İΪҪ̫ߣЧʼ͡ˣܰһ
ǰȷʵҪÿһЩ
Ҫǻǰ벻һ죬Լóʱ
һٷʱ䣬׬㹻ǮһλΪԼκκóԵ
ڣʦԼҲġ
ҹԼžø塣
ԭϣԶ׬Ǯ˼顣ЩڣҲر˼
ѹִҶϲڡ
ûôᣬ;Ԫǲǿ֢ӵı߽߱ǽǷǵѹġ
ãҪǹ⿿һ˰ܰϲܳԵˡ
ֵٶȸ죬˺ЩȻԪ鲻ע⣬һöˮ档
ǰӣͻһʱ䡣ˣֱ˹
ӣȥ˱ڣ˼ҵıһžģּˡ
ͷһԪЦ
ûűڣ
Ԫֻͷһηô˼
ʱЩͬͯ꣬СʱôˤڵȤ
ȻԼͬ˼ûˤڣҪͬԼСûԹɿǡ
ʱ;ûɶͬˡ
һƬУ˿ʼԽӡ
Եʱͺע⣬ÿһӶϸƷζ
һ֮ɻ
Ԫʵôˣ
ûгԵһűȽرĽӡ
Ԫʵǲģеˮǣζֵֹġ
ԵˣҾ˵ˣҼǵֻ˹ġϲˣвͷˣһⷢơ
Ͻϼף
ǰɵϰߡΪܲˣÿ궼ûԵ˵ף˵û뵽һԣȻûԵ
ԪŻȻԭǺ˵˼𣿡
ͷǰǮģҾǻǱȽϺá
Ԫ۾ģʲôԣ
ʵЩڴ
һ㶣ˣҪˣ
¶ӱܣ̹ȻԶԣ׼ϦҹͰ¶ˡ
⼸㶼Ļ뷨Ŀܴ꣬󡣾ͱ꣬ڼԳԵķʢҹůķĿ飬ŵӽĿ
ԪҪ˵ܻ˵Ӧ鲻һεġδһֱƶ¸ȥĵطܼࡣһȥˣҲһֱڳİ칫Ҳᾭ߻㡣һꡭʱĥܶණġ
ʮĿԪ飬ͻʱǲܻΪһ̸
ԣи𣿡Ԫüº͵Ŀ
񣺡ں˵ġ
ԪЦˣҲ˵ġ˵ô࣬û˵ҡ
ΪҪί㡣ΪѣҵȻ㡣ҾҪǺϲʡͺǺһ˫ԶԷǷ⡣
Ϊѣܲҡ쿴ҿˣһ档ǿһůġĴ󰮣ʱ򶼾ڷ⡣Ͽ˺ܶܶƷʣһֱ룬ˣҾҲҲһˡ


299 

һ˵סˡЩ˼Լô
ⲻʩɡ
㡭ڻ𣿡
ϸʵ
ԪЦ, ûбڸѵʱˡôɿ𣿡
֣ǵ¡Ƕǳ, ΪҲԿ⣬Ҫȫ档
˵ʵڵ, ˵ôѣʵҲеˡ
о¶ЩܿƣĲһ
ԭΪ˶ǳˣҲǵ, ˵֮Ҳˡ
û뵽Ԫ, ôá
Ԫ, ұ㿼ǵĸȫ档֮ǰ˵ż׼Ҳ˵˵ҵġ
ɫ
ҵż׼㡣
񣺡
Ԫԭû, ԼһԼϲˡΪܶԵʣҲûпǹɼҵ顣֮Ҳ, Ȼ֪, ԭеİġԽ˽, ĿаµҲԽԽ

׼ʯĳ, ҲЩܲסˡ
ӵµ󡣻е˼, Ź, , ⻹ͦﰡ
ԪҲóҲ˵Ը˵ұ֤˵ÿ֣Ļ
񣺡
ЩŲסˣϵĺƣڱһ׳׳
ô࣬ûδҪĳˣô֪ǮǺܶǮûġ˵Һµ⣬һ档ܵˣ
ԪЦˣҲ㣬ҹæû취㣬Ҽƽ𣿡
񣺡
Ԫƶ㲻ᡣ
Լˡ
ΪʲôҲᣬҵƷΪųѣֵסΪʲôỳɣҲΪҵֵף
ƿԣΪŨҵĸ飬Щ֪롣
ЩǣҿڡνĳԿ࣬˵Һϲһ꣬ƶطһ裬ӣҲܿġһ߻㣬ȥЩԱҲúܿģΪÿһ·ǶһߵġسߵǼСʱҺܿģڴΪ֪ԽԽ
һˣ˶ʮ·һˣһɽ亣ζ˶ʮڡΪӦùЩ˵һ㶼֡㻹Ҫ֣Ҽһ·𣿡
Ԫ鳯ֻ֣Ǳˡܾ˵ɶ±˳ԿˡԼڿһ£ҲԿҲҪչˣҲҪʱ飬ֻҪ֪ҡ
۾֣ĿãһӦܵ˵ڵˡ
̲ס֣ЩԥĿԪ顣
Ԫ΢ЦŵЦÿƺֻҪܣδͻҸ
γһ˺öꡣ
ҲôһˣԳõ;뿪
Ҹǰ˵ĸ飬ҲţܾδǷ񻹻һˣŨҵĸ顣
ţ񰡣ڶȥܾһˣδʧȥ
ͻȻЦˣᶨ֣ûַģǽסԼСһȥס֡
ԪϲĿ⡣
ɫ΢죬֪Ϊ˾ƵԵʣǱԭЦҲκˣҵԸҵδܲʱ㣬һ֪
ԪϽŵЦݻˣĵЦõͬյ⣬Ҳ̲סЦ
Ц˺һûãʵЦ
ԪҸ̫ͻȻЩܿơ
ʮ꣬ĵʱ̡
ͺƶһУͻȻһӵȫĸо
ٴȷϵĽˣԸҵӣ
ͷȻʵŮ𣿡
㲻˵𣬲ԽΪǰˣå
û뵽ȻѧˣΪ˾ܾĻԼˡ
Ҳ׼ˣå
ȻȻǱŽȥġ
ҪȻ֮ǰҲôˡ
뿪ˣû֮ǰǵôˡȻܣǾŬȥӪ
Ԫͬ־˵ˡһ췢ֲˣǺƽѺõҲһθ鵽ֿʱ򣬱óª
ԪΪôһ죬ԸӦκҪ㲻ңԸǩЭ顣
Ц㻹⵱ɺ
ԪЦǾܸӺԼҲҪ㱣ϡһһԼǺȶأ
˵ſ۱ȸɾľƱе㵣ġ
ϿԿûȥˡ
Ԫ᲻ھߡ
ﻹе̤ʵͻȻ֮е㲻ʵĸо
û취ﰵľܾ֪Լﲢʵİ¡
ҪŬվҪһˣһҪʰ
˵ſʼϵꡣ
ȵĿֱӶȥˡ
֣ȻšɻĻҲ࣬ڼҲʮָմˮġǰһºͻɲɼ֮ͥļˡ
Цһ£ɴҲĨӣȻ˸̨㲥̨滹Źĸ
ţҲź
Ԫ鵽ǵóԸûϻȥǸһӭ´ıŻԼסĵط·ھӵʱ򣬻˰˸֤꣬Լǻؼ˯ġ
ţ֪ʲôʱסһ¡
һߣվſڵҲھӴ˸кꡣ
糤ǡ
Ҷ󡣡󷽵
ѽ֪ˣô϶󡣡
ЦЦûΪʲôÿ
Ҳȷʵˡ
һϣ˯ĺΪ⼸һֱЩ¶ѾԲˡȻԼȫ෴ǽˡҲˡ
Ϻ˵ƣ˯رá
ԪԼ˯ţڴϻ׵龰رǶǸʱ̣һٵԼʵġ
Ůˡδӡ
Ԫܷġ
һԼᶨˣֻ֮Ҫδͱضġ
ԪԼ϶᷸
ǰ׬Ǯ
ֻҪԼͲ᷸
δضӡ
뵽δ˵Ľ֤棬ż֣żд֡
ô뵽ҹڶ쾹Ȼȥ
һҲˣ׼ѼɹˣȻ˰֮ԼҲҪȥɲߡ
ȻԼ쵼ǻ߶Ҳ
ſţͷԪվ档
ȻǴˣ֮ǰûͷˡ
Ц֣
֡Ԫ߽ӣϸĿһۡ
ûء
ԪЦˣš


300 
Ԫ鵣ĵĲһ, ֹûǣ׼󷽵Ľܳȥ
ˣҲֲҴŵˡ
Ϊ, Լ֮ĵñӣҲû
Ӧ˾ͺú̸, 󷽷ദΪǾСġ
Ԫʮ־ϲ
һΪ
ͷŹ׵Ԫ飬ΪʲôΪ˵лҲŲ, ӰбҲֹӣԺǸôô
Щɫ۾˵ˣҲ
ΪԼίԼߵ, ǲŵòʧء
Ԫ, Цˡ֪Ƣҿɲ
ллҲŵЦ
һЦ, ָæԵġ
ͷû죬Ҳûãˡ
ʮ, פڴӵĸ糤Ҳ, Ҫȥȥǰݸꡣ
ĶŲصĽ, ĲҶ֮ûҪ, ȥ
Ҷ, СԺҲô, ͬ־, ô
ҶܾȣǾն뵽ģֻû뵽λԪ糤Ķ󰡡
ǲŷӦԭ糤ҲҶ󰡡
ԪЦźǴкá
糤Ǿȹ龪ȣﻹǻصúúãá
糤󰡣֮ǰû˵
糤Ц֮ǰҾͲأȻҲˡ
ԪЦ֮ǰ´ˣ֮ǰǣǧ׷ϵġ
糤
֪ԪҪͬ־ǰء
ΪЩɲƧСɲ˼ǮҵҲ
糤ҲԪǺ۹Ⱑ糤Ůͬ־޽Уôһˡ
ԪЦŵͷллҲر㡣
糤Цǿɲ糤ɳٳɼˡ
껹ˡ
ǻȥأ˵Ц˼ˡ
Ԫ㿴֪۹ãá
Цˣ㼸䣬㻹ˡԣЩɲʲôõż׼ڱۣ˵糤ӣԺҸʲôĲѹס
ԪܼᶨҾҾ۹ãá
˵ţˡĶǸסĸɲźǡ
֪Ԫ鴦֮ЩҲЩȣҲǸˡ
ΪԪץǹͱ֮ġ
źӵĸŮͬ־˲ѣ˹򲻵̫ˣۿɲá
Ԫû£Ҵ˺ܶࡣΪ׷꣬׼ĺֵܳġ
Ԫͬ־糤갡á
û취Ϊףΰ飬Ҫ֧֡
糤ȷʵװ
֪˵һϢǹźӸ߸˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǺˣԼĶȥСҫ
С֪糤кóԵģҲϽż˹ˡ
ǹ˶֪ˣ糤иˡλԪ
ӴǧðŴѩϹ糤ģ׷Ŀɽˡ
Ҳرãºʹ󷽣ģҲ˵Сӷԡ
Ԫ͸¶ģǻ׶쵼ʶġ
ҲûȷʵʵóϣɸɲʶġֻʱΪ˹
Ԫ糤һΪıǲͬ⡣
Ԫں׷ðŴѩŸ˸жˣ׷ˡ
ȻԲһŮһΪҵСһᶨİ¡
̫ˡ
̫ΰˡ
糤ȻѰ˰鶼ҵġ
ڼθ˵ģЦЦĿԪ顣
˵ƽʱҪڽء
ԭء
ˣ㲻ġֻΪǡ
Ԫɫֻ˵ʵǧ׷ϵġܲҸˣ㸶ģҰ׷ˡ
ЦֺסǶںҳȥ𣿡
Ԫ鿴յ֣סȻҪ
ΪԼĶҲϸĿʼ۲Ԫ飬Ԫһֶصĸ
ֻҪ룬ܹøֲͬ˶׽
ֵʮ׺͡
Ȼֻȥһ꣬ҾʹԪʼԪͬ־ˡ
ʱʵǰҽʱ̬ȶĵģ
⻹еڶֻشԪԥȻҶһʡ
ǰ֮أ
ȻǵġԪ
ЦˣҲʣҲŲôġֻҪΥ¾ˡ˻ҪԼ뷨
ҲԼ뷨ǿˡԼԸΪףͰһ
ʱ̫׷Щϸ֦ĩڣͽա
˳һҲҪʼæˡɲʲô١
ֹԪҲҪæˡ
֮ǰں̸̸
ΪвͨΪδľõλҲǻҪġҲںƸͶʡ
ڿˣҲʼָˣҲҪȥæƣҪȥϷ칤Ҫȥǣȥ׶Щ̸
ӿ굽β̫С
ҪȥæȻĹ֮󣬵лͶͶʰɣ˵ʵδгֻԽԽԾʱ뻪ǵĹϵԪϤģһϣигݶ
ԪЦ׼ʱ䣬ڱȽҪĳжԪδ
갡ࡣ
ڲŰ˶ءʮ֮󣬲Ծʱʱȫˡ
̸깤ˣ˳Ĭһ£ԪҪ˰
ͷţȵ˴绰
Ԫ鿴
룬߹ȥһ£úù
ԪóԸҲһ£ͷԴĦһ²ŷſš
ȻЩᣬǶǶŮ鳤ˡ
Ҫǳȥ֮⣬иҪ
ԪҲǣҪҵҲǺҪġ
һҵʧܵˣΪ
ΪԼһֱܹ㣬ƥ䣬Ȼ׬ǮΪΨһĿ꣬ҪδŬ׬ǮˡֻԺеˡϾδһλԱɲļ
ҪվͱԪ˾Ͱųſڽˡ
ųˣҲϽذ칫Ͷ빤ˡ
ҪùԼϽĲɲΪӰ칤
ƶ¸ȥ껹Ҫء
ţøϿ绰̸̸͹͵⡣ѹ֯һ£ǳȥһ


301 
Ϊ֮ǰο˽, 꿪꣬׼Ƚ¶
ȫȥ׬Ǯ, ͶʵǮ׬
ڶǸѼͥ롣򹤣ЩѼͥżӵĸǲܳȥġ
ҲԼڵĻڹΪ͹ء˲зչϣЩ˶ڻڹ繤, ڼſ׬ǮαҪȥƯ硣
¶׼ϿЩҵǱ֡
ȻϿҲƣõõ֧֡û׼˳Ҳܸһ⡣
óҪȥġ
żȥˡ
糤, ͷ˾سԲȥθس
ɴֱȥس
سڶ湫ˣǻÿ궼һ㶼װڼ߸ɴȥ칫ҿȥ
ˣǷŽȥˡ
ĸɲĲˡ
سƫ, Ϊڹĺ, ھԴˡ
˭ҲҺ쵼˵⻰Ҳû
˼ãͰѻڹ羭ӪɫģƳضմ, ܱȰ
ûΪԴӽ
žͺسϱꡣ
سϱЦСҲ̫ˡ
ӡ󼫺, س߶ˡ˵չƻ, Ժ, Ϊ, пܻһ
⵱ȻͲΪǸ糤Ϳ, ǹˡ
, ۻҲزˡ
ز, سϱ߸˵Ľˣ֪Բƽ
ϾҲء˭ŵģֵģ
سҲȷʵûƽϣֻǺôҲˣ˵ÿ궼ð𣬲ѧЩͬ־
Ҳ㱨ЩҪչҲ
س
긻ǿسҲɼġرˮֳҲڸ㡣ȻûγɴģѾʼչˡ
һȶĵ·سϣڸӹˣĸɲҪҲĸߡ
ǰǺͿĹﶼҪ㷢չɲܺͿˡҪȻͺͻڹλǰһȥ㡣
Լϱݲ裬ɳ̸¡
զ鷳أ
سϱЦû£ҪҲأôܲȲ裿
ҲûˣЦŵлس̸¡
ǻ㱨˹ȻѹһЩѻҲ˵ˡ
س̾Ҳû취¶ﶼСҼһһЩѡ
ԽҲЩ˷һбǮ뵽ӵͶҲиΣиˡ
سҪܷǾǹͬԣˡǴ°ʲôƻҪ
ЦȷʵеƻôģЩͬ־֯ȥһ£Ҳ׬Ǯܱڼһֱûǿȥ׬ǮͶʽ磬ԼҲá
سŴȥ𣿡
ȥϷǱкܶ๤ܶطҪˣҲ㲻ڼֵҪǿǱˣҲزġʱҰŻɲһȥ׬Ǯʹ
û׼ˡسšҪ׬ǮӦòˡ
ЦǸðܱڼŲɻǿʱ׬ǮڼͶʣʹ˻ڼ÷ֺϡ
سһҲЦˣá
ũ¸·ϣЩΪƶͬ־ҲǺͷ۵ġ
ǳ⣬Ҳ
ԣöǡǲһԸȥ
Цͷ˵˵Ϸĺô֪ˡİɡһŬ˵ǵġ
֮ǰҲǸأ󲻻Ǹɻˣ
ҪҵʱϵˣҪͬ־Ҳһ֯һ£⡣ڲֹǻڹڴũͬ־¸Ҳƻɡ
ܴ磿س΢΢ԾΪһ㹫ǲġоϵһҲöһ²һ¡
û뷨ΪԼپ;٣΢һѵ¶
Щ¶Լˣǿõġ
ĳɼҲڸǲˡ
ˮ˾˭ȻҲԸš
һģܰһһѡҲϣ﷢չá
˼ܺðҪ˶һǾŽˡس
سˣ˵˺ļƻﳧһЩֹȥƶڼ
سԣ̾ĵλЧҲãǵĻԼûģò¶ˡ
¶ҲµˣҲָﵥλҵפ
ԭѾ˰ҪҵҵͶʣעµѪҺû׼ֵܴλչ
سʲôͶʣ
һЩҵҲǶвͶҪԸͶʣܳһЩˡЩλг⡣ҵܺá֮ǰϷǱߵʱǱߵĹ絽ûͣ
سϲԸ𣿡
ţΪһسǣȷʵλЩռơԸóõŻݣǶռһЩ棬Ӧû⡣
ߵûʲô桭سҲ֪һЩҵͶʣ϶Ҫͺʵġ
ʵĸ￪֮ҲһЩ˽ҵˡ
Ϊͬ־ڸĸﻹűû˸˽ҵ֡
ڣںſںţͶʲôġ
Ҫǹ̻гҲ׬ǮҲҪ˰ġҪܳΪҵҲǲģܴ󡣡
سҲգֻҪҾˣҲ
Ҫõʲô̶ˡ
سʲô̶Ⱥʣ
񲻺˼ⷽ˵ףҾ᲻źײǡǵĵҲԸעµѪҺҲԴܶ󡣡
سĬƬ̣ҪһҹͶʡԿССֵԡ
س˾ġ
Ǿ᲻źײǴ
ôŻݣҾȥ̸һһҵ̸һҵġ
ѽСհͣʶ㣬ǾӰ
ЦҲҪ쵼Ӣ߲СˣҲִС
سЦ
õس֮ȥҺθسˡ
ΪسȻӦˣǵʱͶˣҲҪ쵼ͬġ
ټҲְ˾쵼
θسĵҲǺܸˡ
Ｘ綼ֳˣĿȲϻڹ磬ǽˡ
緹ɡθس
Цҵԣˮ˾Ǳ߻Ҫȥ׼Ǳ߳ˡ
ҲСҪθسҲûǿ
עعǺ¡
ȥسǱˣ
ͷȥ㱨һЩҲʾһЩšⲻҲ쵼ָָ㡣
θسϲ̸֮
˵˵
ͰԼس˵һƻֻ㱨һ顣
θسǺ°س϶ˡΪء
Ҫóһ棬ҵı쵼ͬ⡣
ʲôòõģҪûͶʣһ涼ûСԸͲˡ
θسƳضûʲô߿һ۵뷨Сسǣʵ͵λöô
֪֮
θسô˵ͷˡ
쵼֧֣Ĺͺܺ
͹ȥǮ㷢չȡʽ쳧ƶһԴ
ˮ˾ͿʼԼıʼǱҺʵϢ
ܷһȻÿǱ߱ȽϺ̸λҲҪϵһ¡
رһ£һܹҳġ
һҲмʮô๫磬ǾǼٺˡ
ɶǴͶͰ
ɲЩ˷һλ档õʱǸС塣
ðÿӵĹ˶ɢйǻ಻ʶһ޿ֻܿԼĸо
ΪϴȥϷ¼ϵʽģֱϵǱ߳ĸˡ
͵¶ҲҪܡֳ˾ 
ϵЩǳ˾вƵĵλ
ܲĿЩĵλ
ϵϵһӳӳ񣬻ͦӡ
Ϊ֮ǰͿÿϱֽ¶ǿɶ֪
˵ҲΪһ֣ÿϷͶʵ˳˺ܶࡣ
Ůʿڵطǵɲ˰ɡ
̸ϴɲҲǻɲġⲻҲŸЩλһ¡
ҵǺͿԪкġʲôˣ
ҲǶ¶ʣҪͶҪѵǿԼͼʮȥǱߵλ֤ǳͶ
͹ǻ߳︺˺档
ǰҲϣܹũͬ־ҵһݺùϷǱ߾ҵࡣ
׳ʶֽſ𣿡
Ǹɨä֮͹ȥרŵ˹Ҫǹܡ
һˣ
ûӦмʮ˰ɡ
У糤ܵ˿϶û˵ģԽԽãǶա
ˣǱѣ
ȷʵҲҪ˵ãǳˣͲˣøɾһ㣬ٰꡣɱɼˡ
һˣܣǳôأﲻ̤ʵɶǺ
˼ǲܿˡ
ҲȷʵôģȻͳȥģҲЩԱıӡ
ɶµϰء
ܵҺ˵ʵˣǿûԲˣʵǼСҵС˼ûƴ㲻֪ԪгӰˣǱ߿̫źˣλòҪȻסˡ˲ŶǱˡڵǵλɵĺõģֻҪ˵ǱˣȥˡҲź˵ˣٸɰ꣬ۡ
ʱˡ֮ǰԪ˵ǱߵλһЩʱǸп˸ˣû¶
Ҳ׼ЩԪȥ
˼źĴ˲ŵģԼЩɲΪߺȥұ
ҪԺԼúãԼȥˣб¡
˿ȣܣģЩҿԱ֤Ǹɰ겻ۡ
УʮҲǿԽյġҲԸӡҪȷʵҲԴ
ϷߵһЩе˲ѾЩССĹˡ˻ûгŴ򹤵ʶ
ԪӰ죬Щûȵĵλ͸ȱˡ
˵ʵڵģҪԪһ Щ˻û뵽һЩͶҲǷͲġĻҪȻǸĵλȻԸͬǮȥһĹˣҲṩȥ˲š
ҲΪǻЩ뷨ԺϵһЩʵǺǿĵλ˵Ͷ͵¶˳


302 
ϵ˼ҵλ, Ͽĵ绰û
׼Ѱ쳧¶ϿߣԾͲΪС¶鷳ˡ
˿Ͽƻںͼһ, Ըɴཫ绰ǵλ
ȻϿڳ, ڹ⣬ҪŻ
ߺϿ˵кϵ¶Ҫ̸
Ϊ֮ǰйԿ˵ǿͿĴӦˡ
֤Ͽ, 绰
˵绰֮׼ȥˡҪϽ͹¶ϾЩŴ򹤣Ҳһ׵¶Ҫ˼
Ҫ, һֱڰ칫湤ĳ÷վ, ܣҪȥѽ
ţ¶Ͷˡ¶֪ͨҡ
÷, İɣǶῴŵġ
ЦҶҲϢ, Ǵ޵н, ǶܶߵĹ̡ҪˡҲֳˮ˾ء
÷Ц, ۶ǰϵ, ֳ˹ȥӴ, ҲǺ, ϾбϡһܻҪء
ַ¶ǰʮֵϿɡ
оԼ·, һʮ쵼ĻɡҲˣԸ÷Ȩó÷Լ˵¶ԼŰ졣ⷽĹ
˹Ҳų÷Ʒ¡ӼϮŮͬ־ʮϧݹϧλλչ¶
÷ҲлΣܣԶٷɡûԷɡ
˿ʱ䣬ˣһعȥԡҪ緹һ͵Żȥˡ
¶࣬ûȥŹ
÷Щʧ䣬÷ߵĹöදԣ֮ǰӦƸʱһЩͺܺãˮ˾ȶ֮Ҳ԰뷨һЩչ
÷˵ˮг¶
Цŵͷ÷Һ˵ʵˮ˾ҲһֱŵġδµĹˣҲҪĳɼġ
÷һӽһ£ϸˣҶܡ
ǲһֱܵıӻöΪλСõλչãսӷַӡ
ЦЦҲû̫ࡢﵱȻǱ÷Ӱ뷨Ҳ˵ô硣ÿߵһ
뿪λͣľ˹硣
λʳùڼûģԼ˾ƾ¯ڰ칫ˮȣڰ칫Աдƻ顣
νʱ¯ˡ
糤Ҳ̫æˡθϽȥҿӡ
ͣ±ʣܸܲɵţΣ֪ͨø糤Ǻ͸ǺͶӳᣬʱͶŵɡ
εд¶
Ҳ󣬵ҪϾˡ
ãϾͰͨѶԱȥš
磬ﶼûȥڰ칫˷Ȼдƻ飬д޸Ĳϸڡ
һݻڹͶ͵ļƻ顣
ȻֻǼʮͶ¶ҲҪõġ
ǼʮˣҲӦõӡܳ⡣ЩȫȫβͳȥҲúúõĴ
ڶһ磬糤Ǻ͸ӵ쵼Ǿǰˡ
һ߸ˣϲģȫû껹ûܹ翪Ǹ鷳¶ͦڴ
ҶΪ糤ֻҪټᣬǿ϶к¶
Ե˻֮󣬴һˮĺ꣬˵˼伪Ȼʵ糤ʲô°
Ƕѻ⣬㲻£
ǵȻǺ°ѻҪǽˣһĶòˡ
ӸɲǶֻˡ
ЦǶóˡó
ֻҪ ǽ⣬СӸɲҲˬ졣
ͦҲ⣬Ͱ͹͵¶ҽˡ
ȻֵأǾðѵֵ֣ȥȥ׬ǮͶʶｨ裬ԺҲһݱϣһٶá
ӸɲǶʡ
ְŻͷһءϷ˵ңԶΪԼûǸԱҹ糤ⶼźˣǻʲô˵ġ
һʹʺ͸סʮ飬⻹мƼʡɵĶõöࡣڿһʮ඼û⡣
Щڿǲڿˣ΢ɵһ¶ʮҲǲġסǮʮɸһ٣ҲͶʶｨ衣Ժ껹ֺܷ졣ҲܶһͶʡ
ӳĸˣЩģҪǲͬô죿Ҳ߼ǻҲܲǡ
Ҫ߼壬ôţǾ͵ôһ֣ܲˡ
ЦȰͳһйǽԸٸһ˼빤¶ˡ
ӸɲǻЩģ𣿡
һȺ趼ܲŵģôûá
Ҳûѻ˵˵Ҳţȱ˽йԿȻǵĿȲ֪
ӸɲӦ
ЩɲǶûȥͳˣЩģﶼءֱӱһͳƣǻڹʮˡ
ðһЩɢԱҲȥ֮ǰϲȥЩСӡ
Ҫǲùô죿ɲЩġ
ЦùܣڳȥˣûߣﻹбԱ¶ֲʱһÿλŸ˹ǡ
ЩӱȻӸ︱糤ѵΰ⣬ʱ䳤ҲȥˣǸŪϷȥ׬ǮҲĥһºáɢԱ׳¡ϴ군
︱糤糤㵽ʱżɿͬ־רŹǣǹˡ
︱糤û⣬ұ֤ſɿˡ
Щһȥֶ˶ʮ
Ϊ֮ǰЩҲвɢԱصˡ
ǸϽ˸Ū磬˼빤ˣȻѵɨäѵϷ͡
Щɲ֪ĸԣеģŵĹҪչ˭ĥ󹤡
ǻȥôӸɲ˸ټˡ
ȥ磬糤Ҫǽǰźù
ЩӶˣӵļҲˡЩսսģǲˣҪȥũҪȻܸԼҺӰʲôءЩСʲôԼ˶֪ģɲ¡
ӸɲǾͲˣʲôأ¶֮ǰǼСӲǸάΰ糤Ҫǣǡ
ԱεġżȻô˵ˣӦûɶ¶ͺԼҺӶȥ糤̬Ҫõ㡣
ڶ죬ǾͶڴǵĴˣ˹ֺ֮öˣ֮ǰһġ
ˣǰǽй¶
ﶼһѺ
߳ʱ򣬴Ҵһ¡
ЩˣǺСʮ꣬ͷͯˡʮ꣬Ҳһ¡
ЩΪ裬л죬ͦᰮϧԼģһԼĻͦáҲ׳ˡ
⣬Цŵͬ־ǣиϢҪ˵
һϢŶú
˵λũϲֵصũ񣬡˵ſŴңЩĻ
ϲܵũҲûʲôÿ˶Լ׷Ϊǻڹûз˵ġҶǿ֮šҾͲԸһӣһǲҪƤ˲顣˶ϵġΪǶϵ!

ԣΪҵ˺ʵĹ÷紵ɹžǮʱԽõǮԽࡣ԰סΪÿͳԷġ
ļʮţʱ˼Ŀ
»ôõ¶
ɸһ꣬׬һٻμӶͶʡӴԺҲܷǮˡӴԺҲҪֵأҲҪܱ۹⡣ǶǶﵥλСϰ壡
˵ð⣬˷ܵʿˮ
ǻܱͶʼ׬ǮǵͶԽԽ࣬Сϰɴϰ壬Ⱦơ˵òã
ã
ѾĻ˷ܵĻеǣ鲻ԽĻص


303 
Щ, ǣȻ裬Ȼ, ǶһͬĿ갡ԼӡǮ죬ֲøͶġ
ˣһ׾ͳΪΣˡ
ǣ糤ҵ˺ʵĹˡ
ȥ򹤡
Ǯĺù÷紵ɹǮĺùһзԡ
ȥôõĹ
⹤õĶˡ
ô
ôõ¶ôֵԼأ
ǻЩ֪֮Լʲô, Ƕġ
и㵨ӴСͷӾַˣ, 糤, ΪʲôǸôõĹ˸ɣ
, ˣǶǹǹ˲, ǶͶˣǴӵλСϰ, ôܳȥأҪҲΪӵλ, ΪԼ

, Ϊ˶óȥˡ˼õ˲, 糤᲻÷ء
Լˡ
Ȼܵ˴, Ǻ糤, ⶼʲô
ô𣿡ٴȷϵ
, εĿԲμӡ
ǶĴ˵糤ƭǣҪ糤˼ǱˣǻȥءܹȥǱ߹ģǶҪԼȥμӿԿȥġܿȥ˼Ҷǡ糤Ϊǲģ˶ϵŸͽȥģȥȥ
һм仹ôನۣ͸ûʲôûɵˡ
ҪԲܽĵλǶϸ񰡡Ȼʲô֪Ҳ֪ԽѽĵλԽá
Ӵ˷ˣţͳȥһ꣬׬ǮͶʣԺڼǮˡ
ţȥ׬һǰ֮ȥԼЩǰNɪȥǺȾƣţԺԼȥƣҲҵҪǮˡ
ÿҪǮҪԼһ١ǸꡣһǮͶʣԺжıһǮ
̵ġ
ҪǹôǾǱһֱ׬ǮһͶʡԺ󵱴ϰ塣
ҸƯϱ
Ц졣
ȻʲôʱԳ
ⶼû¶أ׬Ǯ
ôȻǧҹϵȥˣǶҲҪġڹμһµѵʶֻоѵһȥ
Щ⣬⻹Ҫʶ־ѵ۰
ҲУô࣬ǲ⣬Ĺ⡣һû˵أǹĵطϷУǱضǺʡǱߵ˶ٶٳԺʡûԹɣ㻹óԡ
һ¿ˮ
·ǮһҪ⣬´¡
Свġ
Ҫǣһ£һȥģ۲ǿԼȥúÿǡɢᡣ
ֱӰ֣һ˵ӡ
ͿӸɲˡ
ȸɲԼＸ˽йúѵһ١
ɵɵôõĻᣬҪ糤ôҶԣܸôõĹ
һôˣһ£δҸĺģȢƯϱ
ҪǸɲҶȥˣ

ǵǺˬȥˡϾмҲкܶʶֵģֻ鲻ã֮ǰҲѵˡδԼȻûɻȻѹ״ҧҧҲȥˡ
ǩЭ飬ЭҲдˣÿǮӦȫֱɵλشӣǰͶʡͶ׬Ǯ
أǮߺ׶ӱܸȫҪǲͶʣȴӵλ˴ӣֱȡܸϢ
ŻǱȽϺģȷʵȫ
ͶҲ׬Ǯڸ˱ܡǲڵģһ˾ͳɱ˵ô죿
һעˣȥ˾͵üֵסҪȻΥԼˡ
ΥԼҪȥũġ⵱ȻŻǵģЩ֪˵ȥũǺƽ¶¶ȥ
ΪʲôôϿ
ǻǶǲǺһƽʱ̫ŵˣ˭֪ʲôʱ͸ıˡ
ҪԼֵܼģЭҲϾͲˡ
ӣЩ˻ЩԥҪȥͼ
ӸɲҲܣžͻȥˣȻ󽻸ˣѹ˵ˡ
һ˵˶ʱĻŭţһȺΧһȰ
ôõ¶㻹ȥ⻹ǵŴϵڱء
ƽʱر躢ӵĵ裬ҲˣӻҪ顣
ϵڱĺ£㻹ȥţʲôɵӰ
ڹ硢Լ˵Ȱ˵£Щȫˣһû©
糤Ҳڹɨäʦ︱糤˼ѵʦǾѵҪվվ࣬ࡣ˳ϰнֹѧ˹ܡڶǽй
ԱҲ˵¶ر֪ôõĹλ֮ﻹЩġ
ôõĹȻӺ⡭
ҶȥҴˣԼܲȥ湤
ԼҺôǺá
ҲǿǵģҲӦԷ
ǵ͵ɵɵڼãǳȥΪǿ϶ڶﵱ˰ǵӾͲһˣ۶˲ţԺҪĳġﳧǱ߲ҸзݶԼ򹤣ڳԶǿǶȥˣﵥλҪҪˣֺ컹ֲˣ
ԱһЩɣʱ̹ˡ
۲ã̫ˡ
Ҫڶɻˡ
ٺٺ١
˵ˣ糤ô׵һ˰ôĸɲôܸɺͿ¶ء˼أ֪˭˭á
ҸԼҵλ򹤣ȷʵȳŸɻǿһǮȻڼá˶ڳŻЩִģرûôԶŵʵˡ
ôԶء
⻰ҲЩӺļ֪ˡ
˼Ҳ֪ԼԼ¶иõĹллˡҪһǵ糤Щûء糤ҵôõĹҲˡ
ԼҺȥ׬ǮͶˣҲڶǮˣԺ˻ôNɪƲ˵ġ
һؼҾ͸ԼҺӶԺȥúøɣ·⹷ۿ˵͵˿
ڹ͹͹չĺ˳ѵˡ
ҲԼس˵ˣǲҲҪʱһųȥ
سЧҲˡ
ûأˡ治˲İ
ҪЧʣγչá
سҲ飬Ͱᡣԣھ顣
飬ͽͶͻ顣
֧Ϸ裬Ϸã緢չ
ʮָߴϡ
سѻڹһ飬⹤棬ڹѾǰˡλ飬ûڹͬ־ΪҽŵãԼƻ
Щس⻰ʱĽĿ
վŴҽһ£·ԣͬ־ǣŸλҲ취¸¸ҲҪǮġһѻòǮġͨͶ׬Ǯһ취
ЩȺڵ¶ʹҽһ¡
£Ҳһص⣬ҽ飬Ҫ;͹¶
ɲǷ׷׵ͷЩҲ˽ġֻƽʱ˲ϡϾ¶̫࣬Щ˵⣬Ҳùܡ
׬Ǯ֮Ҳܽ׬ǮͶ뵽罨ҲϷô緢չ
йˣһȥأ
¶ǿ
ЦˣΪֻҪȥ취еġǻڹͨŬѾﵽȫԱˡ
Щʱû˵ˡ˼ҶȫԱˣԼҪ⣬Եرû
Щƻһռԣλͬ־ãԡ
ԼȰ˵Ա˼·ҽһ¡
Ҫա
˵ԡ
Ҹܲ¿οء
ǴӸɲ˼빤ԼȰ˵
˶һȺԵĶֻҪԼﶯҡߵ˶úãô¶ûˡ
ô𣿡
йʵ
ûƭ˵ģȷʵ÷紵ɹڳ湤Ҳȷʵ󲿷ֹŵģΪֹλҲǰʳ޵ġǶͣҺˣȫ̶˴ȱĵطһ˳ȥҪúܶࡣ
Ǯһ졣
ЭҲй涨ÿ¹ǮΪӦãǮͶӱܣͶʡǴӵλԼȥȡҲԼͶʡһû˻ᷴԵġ
ŴҲúá
й쵼ЦҾͺǵһˡ׬ǮҪ˴Ǯ
ЦɲǸĸҲ͡͵Ϊǲġ㲻ģǳΪˣⲻ⣿ǳȥ׬Ǯ˻ܻ磬һá
سҲһĸˣȷʵҪģڻͬ־·ءҪȻԼҲҲ
쵼޻˵
ȷʵҲû·ӡ
ʱҲǲ£û·ӣˡ
̸Щ̸˰ȫ⡣
һȥ϶ܳµģÿ綼ҪмԵĸɲȥЩˡʱЩ˻ᱻɢǱţһزģҲֳˡ
ָһЩϸڵϵ⣬հöˡ
ǣʱ䣬㰲šʱһ;һ͹ȥ
سڱӰҪҲˣЧʺܿϡֱӷŻĸʱ䣬ãĸܴ
ӴҶˡҵˣ׼ȥͰ졣
ܹĵΪ͹Լѵ׼ʱҲӵ˿ĵ绰
عˡ
Ͷʵ¶ڵ绰˵ȥһˣõһԴȥҲǹĻ͹˵˵


304 
ڹ͹ѵʮϸʵʵľѵ, ҪѧѧһЩ֡ñ֤ȥ֮·ƶʶ
ܹĵѵһ£׼ȥϷˡ
˻ڹ, Ҳѵˣ׼һ͹ȥ
Щ͹һȥģиʱŵĹԱ
ЩԱΪ͹칫С鳤ÿ鳤ʮ͹ļɺ⡣ΪЩС鳤ˣЩȥ˵λ֮󣬰ŵǱְ񡣲³䡣Щˡ
ٳЩѵһµ͹ҲЩ˷ܣЩš
֪糤ȥ֮󣬲Щġ߸ڼʰȻ˵ͱ, ϱŴ컨
ǴҲǳȥǮ֧ԮϷý衣
ͱ黹ͦġ
Щ˴ûô, һ, ӵġ
ΧǶ, Ҫչ˺Լ, £, ܶҲؼҵ·
óȥҪɲĻɱԼϹ¶
׬ǮͶʵϰ, ԺЩۿ˵͵˿
ȱ߶Ĳͷ, һĸϽ˴󿨳
δĹֵˡ
˵Ҫ𳵰, 
ر𳤵ĳѽ, ȥĿԶ
Զʲô, иɲء
֪ǲôຣʡ
ҾӦ, ѵʱ˵ϷǱŴ󺣽֪ʲôк𣿱Ⱥرر󣬴Ҳ߶
Խ̸Խ˷ܣǳ嵭˶δ֪δһЩġ
ˡ
Ҿǰڼŵȷʵû˼ġСسǴҲû˼ֳԶźðй׬Ǯܹ档ԺԺʣ·
ڴ˷֣ܵװ͹Ĵ󿨳ڳˡ
绹һ󴮱ڣϣδġ
׵ȷʵ÷űڣЩˡ
ȷʵǻԼֳԵģܱ˼ҵŪԵġ߲µСץ˭ҵļ˭ҵĲˡ
ϣȥѧá
ӵֺ͹ϣһһٶˡ
ڶͳһѵģÿ˶иĸɲûҡ
س˸Ƕ˲ţΪϷýףδҲҪ硣ϣȥؼ¶˼棬ԺջؼҼס
ף½磡
Ǹ˵Ĺơ
س̫ˡ
ΪΨһӵ糤ҲЩ˽˻ͬ־ǣνڼҿĸ⿿ѡһȥĶ磬Ժ󲿷˶ҪһλģϣŽᣬҪ֮ͬ¡ȻҲҪΪͺϻ۸ˡǲ£Ҳ¡¶ǵĸˣֻҪίˣǧģҲҪϹȥֹ£ǧģҲҪ׷ȥǸץֵġ𣿡
ˣ
Ӿѵͦãͦ
ѵ˻ôϳֱʡǡ
һ͹Ҳ˹׵ģ복ͳһȥʡǣʡȥת鷳ּ˳Ʊ
복ӵǮ֧ˡƱǮǸӵ渶ģδЩ˹ʴ֮󣬴ۡ
ΪֱﳵӱƽʱҪܶ࣬͵ʡǻվȻŶϳ
վһЩ˿ƣǸɶġôôһһ֯ȥ򹤵ģһĿࡣ
ﻹ
ǿɲҺˡ
ԱߵĽˡ
ʡǵıˣﲻرԣģҲȥǾ÷չѸٵϷûʲôΪǱز죬˵ΰҲãԳҲĻġ
ڿ˼ֱţǽһĽ
ɲá
⻰ЩˇNɪˡ
Ա߻Ҳ׼ȥϷ򹤵ģҹƱûһƱҼƱ͸Ľˡ
Ϊ⼸ȥϷһԽԽ࣬ϳҲ࣬ԺЩֻվƱ
˵ҲҺˣԼȥҡᰡ
ҲΪЩȽϣƳصЩҲ֣ȷʵͦҸģʲôòģʲô׼ˣֻҪ߾
ȻˣԼͶʼ絥λֱӳСϰ塣
Լ̫Ҹˡ
ҸһӾˡ
Ҳرϧλᡣ
ڸС鳤İ£ҾȻ˳ϾĽأɲܶˡ
ڳϵֺ˶֮󣬾ͷˡ
ΪƱһģЩ˶һ
·ϣЩ˵ĵλͱֺˡȵ֮󣬻еλֱߡ
Щ˻ǱɢģͬĴӣͬĹ硣
Щ˵һ𳵣̫˷ܣѹûЩ¶˷ܵĿ棬ŷ羰
ҹĳ̣ڵϷĵؽҲ;һЩС
С鳤Ǿ͸ǽЩС˽˸ǵĳģ󣬴ҲáҪȥĴ󳧲һ
ֺǽһЩױƭ¶
Ƿʰصͷ֮¶ĲӣֹǮҪȥ˵
ɰЩһγԶŵ˸Żˡ
ô𣬱ǻš
С鳤ĸǣȥ˵λ֮󣬾ҪҲҪ˽УҲҪȥ̫Զĵطż棬С鳤һʵһ¶ˣʹĵ绰
Խô࣬Խһģ֮ǰڼ绹Щŵ뷨ҲϨˡ
̵ʶˣԼһȫİĵطⲻǵˡ
˻֮Щ˸ʵˣԹԵĸԼС鳤µ˶ӣİطһ˴
һ³Ϳ˵ӣÿλŹġ
Щ˵ĵλĴ󲿷ֶҲĵĻϲ
ٿǾȻŶվӣмɵӣˡ
һǢ֮Щ˾Ϳʼˡ
һСʱͰ˸
ҲһſȽϽĵλȥ
ЩλϴѧǴκͬѧһι۹ĵλ
ģǱȽϴġ
һϴηչҪáﻷҹ˴ϴȥʱҪá
˵¾ͷ۵û취ǶԪ
ָָĴ󹤳
ҲһҵӼӹģܴ󣬳⿴ŶˡſڽĹ϶͸һšƺǾԼⵥλȱĵλãԼҲǽġ
Цһ£ϷûԪкϾǴӹģһҪ̸¶
ڵλ֪Щһжûɶ֮뿪ȥ
κϿǳԼõġ
˿֮󣬾˳ĺϿˡ
μţǱϴξҪá
ϿҲܸ˵д˵ڶѾ糤ˣ
пĸ
ϿЦҲԼҴӵһμӴ;κҸ˽ˡѹԪһֱ
ϴκõҲǺġ
ȻͶ˼ʮ򣬵Ǯֹջˣ׬һʡСǮεģؼȷʵúܶࡣҲΪũ¸һЩӰ죬õһЩ쵼Ŀޡ
ǰϿǲںģڲһϷʵ̫ζˡҲʶ˻гǱúõﾭӪˡ
Ҳ˵Լżʮԭ
Ҳϴεĺ֪⡣
ϿûҴţôĺϻˣҲԸ̹ϵġϾˡȻ⡣ҪáָҴʲôˣ
ЦκϴβһϴһκӦǳںɡ֪Ͷڵأûʲô򡣡
˸ѩѣҵ˵ԪҲڵغһЩʡ̸ƺڵء
أ
ȻԪϷͶչʾǵ۹⣬ұ˶ڵͶҲģرϴκǺƺ֮Ժ϶ƣǻ֮
̯֣ϾϷƬгǺܹġ
ǺԪϾǲһģԪžټҰǨػЩλҪгڹ⡣
ŵ**ûԪôǿҡ
ҵǺͿ뷨෴Ϊֵʱڡˣֳɱߡ
ϿΪʲôô˵
ڵһЩǴδ״̬ϷչѸ٣ȻҲЩڴ֣߱ضõġ
ͷ
Ҳ֧֣϶ҲġʺСͶʻ档δ˶ȥˣ̸ǿȷδԲڵطչʱ³ʺϵĻᡣ
˵ţϿ֪Ƴظ𣿡
ϿЦǿǸСسǡ
Ҳ㸻ԣȥԽȴܶࡣΪҪĲǵλã档
Ƴܸʲô棿ѩѷ̻Ҹϸš
˰ѣΪͶڵҪӡ棬ֻʰٷ֮壬൱ȫȨ
ϿⷽҲȥʡ̸ԪСӲԿҸҲܵõô
ʡͶʣģСˣҲ̸ڿ뱣أͼıչϡ
óʡͼָƳǺôҲںʡģʡǿҲСʱ̶ѡƳȽŸٹ۲ʡǷչһʱ죬ľߡƳǵһʱ򣬻Ҫǰʡǵʡ
ҪͶʣΪũ¸ƶһáڻһ仰죬Һʡʡ
Ͽ
Ͽһ㶣ȻЦЦôһ˵ȥƳͶƺ׬ˣ
ֻҪŵĸǸ˲ţô£ҾҲܿ
ϿҲǸˣκһͶʡῼ
ϸĿЩ
˰ʹⷽʡһǮڵ͹ʻϷ٣ҲʡһǮ
Եõ
һسͶʣʮܸ㶨顣ɱ͵ĿԺԲơ
ǿڵ
ϿԭûôͶʣⷬĶˡ


305 
Ҳż, ֵ»кܶơʶλԴӿǮϴͶֳһɴԼ쳧
ֻǱȽڿԼȥ쳧
ΪֹǱо飬·ӡʡ²鷳
ҲſȥͶʵ¶, ҵȥͶʡ
ƳǵЩӪӪѾ, ȷʵҪǿʽľӪģʽˡ
һ, ʵ, ǿͶ, ʲô飿
֪, ĵˮϺԻеķʽӹ⣬ܲг
Ͽüһ¡ζܴ󡣡
ǶǶĻͬ˵, ǺѵõġһС˵, гӦǹġ
ЦЩ, ôƳǿԷӺܴơȳɱʮֵԷչɳƷ, Ϊ׬ȡ, һ׮¡ͬɲͣ۸ߣҲġ
û׼ʱƷ
Ͽ, ʳƷͶʣǾ͸Сˡ
ֻҪܹһЩõ䷽ɱͺܵ͡
Կǡ
Ц, һ, ҵʱΪдͶũֳ, ֲũ¸Ϊֳ, Ϊ㡣
糤ĬϿЦ
һ˵ҵǺܸȤˡڹʱҲǺܿԵԼʳġ
ڿǾΪͬź𣿡
һԡϿЦϣʱعĹ˵öԣ졣Ƴǣʱֻ㡣
ЦڿΣҸеܸˡģȥǱͶʣһġϾҲԼơδһҪҵ
ô˵ҾͷˡʲôʱȥҰ˺һȥʵؿ쿼졣
粻˳٣λй׼һ
ô죿Ͽ룬ãҰˣϵ㡣
˵վֺͿ֣ϣεĽҲÿ⡣
ϿЦ֣ʵˣ治ǺҶӴһ𣿡
һӲѾ𣿡
ϿҲܷ֡ǲ˼˵ԼҶӱˡ
Ц̫ϧˣѾжˡ
Ŷô죬ʲôˣ
Ǹͨͨˣе
ϿЩʧ˵ʵڵģԼҰܼӶӺܲģԺϣҵһĶϱ
ֲҹЩ̫õ˼ҡ
ҪȻԼպû׼׼̲ˡûǿġܹԪСӺܲԿˣδضܴſչԶ
ϧˡ
Цŵδлˣɱҽ˵Ļġ
ҲЦҿɲҲɢúõһԣͷñСǺˡҺˣҿˡ
ңϿ
⻰û˵ҪȻҲ˽ˡ
Ҳûټ⡣
Цݵ뿪˿칫ңһ·϶Цݣȥǰ̨ǱԼ뿪˿Ĵţ˿
Ҳ֪ϿôģȻС䡣
̫ˡ
ϽŶˣȥıҵطϢϢóԶٷ
߲Զгͣ·ˡ
糤
С´ӳס
죬Ҳߣ
ϰ߳פСЦŵ
ְˣմȨ
СºٺٵЦϳġ
Ҳû˳ʵô֪ߣϰ˵ģ
Ԫܻ׶أ˵ġͬѧ
Цǰ߶ϿˣϿû
Ƕְҵµģ˵Ĳ˵ģǶءСЦŵ
ȻʵûԷɣȴȥϢԵ㷹
⸽ɣ绹Ҫˡ
û£ʱϰ˵ˣҪߣúúд
Ҳû
ôҲԼˡʱռˣƽʱչһ£ҲֻܾҪȾͺáһҲ˼Ρ
ϴסǸ꣬Ǹ䡣
Ÿͨİɣ̫ˣûҪ
û¶ƽʱҲϰżססʱ䶼ǿŵġסҲ˷ˣ⿪˷Դ
񣺡˵Ԫܵķ䣿
С£ż˯һ¡
ǵЦһϴԪס˵дѵġ
ĳЩʱҲǵˡ
ȫûǷ롣
Ҳûƽôֱ࣬ȥסš
Ž°׼ϴϢһ£绰ˡ
ò¾֪˭ˡ߹ȥ
񣿡
Ц㲻Ƕ𣬻ʣ
绰ͷЦˣ֮ǰǷ䲻ƭġֻǲ˯˯ķ䡣
ĵ˯˯ģ˯˯ģ
Ȼ˺֮ԽʶԽ塣
֪δԪ߷ʲôϰߡ
Ȼô룬ϻǵҲôСˡڴˡҪȻҵðҪ
һҪǸƭ㡣
²Ϊ

Цˣһ׶ͶôһڽΪ̫󣬹ҪײܽãЦû׼ҪǰˣҸͶˣǿͶʡģ󣬵ǿԸǴܶ
ԪʲôͶһ֮󣬳ĬƬ̣ͻȻЩˡںû̸ƤԼġ
񣺡ܳû򵽵أ㻹˵Ľ
ǿʡǵĵƤ
ˣҺ˵ж¶ˣû˵㣬¶ڶˡôҲҪͶʵ˲УΪҺϻϿ̫
ԪһͻȻʵΪʲô˵
ƣ̫ҲС÷ܡ
Ǹǿҵҽɡ
˵ǸǸݰӡ

ԪЦһĿ׷Ķ࣬տĻƾż仰ݰӹǰ̫أǰ̫᣿
סʲôҪ¶¹ôͶʵ¶̸ˡҾҪȥˡ
ô죿
Ҳǳεģ¶̫ˡž͵ǹĹ
ֹǸֳи쳧֮ǰЩҲҪ½ĳˡ
ǡ´γţҴ绰ӦģҪ
ֵҵõԪȫܡ
ԪˡǾʹϷĵ绰ܼҽ˻ϵҵġ
У֪ˡ˸Ƿ
ԪˣҲ֪ŴӻûϢȥ̸ˡӦˡ
Ϣ͹˵绰
ֻǹ˵绰֮ƶ绰ûƶ绰治㡣
ϴ裬ֳ͵ͷķˣȻ˯˸ȥһˣͿſ˼棬г̡
ص꣬͸Ƴس˵绰㱨¶
ôͶˣ
سȻҲǺܾȡ
ЧҲ̫ˡ
ЦֻҪǸź񡣡
·ӣҪȻЩͬ־Ҳ֪˭̸ˡ
سĵĿԼ
Ȼ̸ˣǾЭ黹ûҪȥ졣ﵽʱֵܹһ㡣سͶʵĳӣпԳڵġˣǵʱû׼һ˳·ĳ
سˡ
ͷ׬Ǯ
ܹһЩλҵڵ·Ǻܶܽˡ
СգĺܺáŬһᰲŵġȡͶ¡
س⻰Ͳˡ
Ǻϣܳɵġ
ΪοˮʳƷӹڶ￪ʳƷ뷨
ʱ仧ˣǼǻ̸ˡ
ĵλȫԽնӹԿģֿռг
һΪѻҵһЩʵֹ


306 
ڶͺͿ˳ˡ
Ϊ˲ÿ˶, ҲûС°͡
С¾ͺ;Ƶ˰ˣԺλ֮󣬻ôдҪͰųӽͣססⷿ
긺˾͵, 糤ôҪ
֮ǰǺ, Ҳ̫˰ɡ
С, ǰͶʡ
긺˻Ȼ, ܹ˾Ǻܿλյ糤δչˡ
СҲû˵, ܲ˵λδϰɡ
Ե̫ˡ
ϰҲ˵ڲ㹫, Ӱλ˾ءҲܵ
С¶ԼϰǸԸ˽⣬λ϶Ҫɵġ
ϰഺ, Ƕº˺ܶࡣ
컹ڵ绰
ϰϷŻ, ѻˡ
Ҳ㲻øŲˣҲǱһЩֵֹˡ
ͦô׷ġ
λس̵ɺܶࡣϴҪһ, ֻҪͿˡ
ϵ¶ʱ͹ĺܿ졣
Ҳǵ̸˽⵽ϷĿǰһЩ
ԺչҲа
ĿǰϷڵؽеһЩͶѵΪܸȤ
һ, , Ƿ΢ıһ档
ͶѱϾǲȫģֹץҪΰ⡣
طʱܲ, ƳطΧڵģԸһˡ
ũ¸ϰҲҪ¸
гԾ, ׬ǮĻŶࡣ
һ·̸, ջĶ, ʼǱ¼˺ܶҪزġ
ʡǵĳ, ׼ȥѾˡһسӵġ
سͶʣǹӴģ˵һҪͶʵͬ־顣
ͿĿŵҾ˵ˣӡ
ҲܾȡΪͶʣģСģˡ
Ȼܹõӣ˵ʵе㲻˼
Ȼﻹõġ
׷׺ֵл
鰲ŴϳʡǷԷȻ·Ͽ㣬·ϿһǺƷ⡣
Цˣ¶ǳˡ
ӴˣҲרҵġϾӴ쵼
ڶ⼸ĹԱȻֵٴһ˵Щ˾ûʲô뷨ˡ
ֻǾͰܲҪ̸ͶˣҲ¶ˡ
ǮҲࡣܽġ
سʱЩ˼һ棬ӭǵĵ
ԴȥѡõĵƤλúܺá
سǱ׼ԼǳģС˵ˣ֮ǰСϴũ¸ҲҪͶұṩõ
ƳصãһǵǾ¥ɳһжܳ¾ɡûʲôٵĸоϷǻԶˡ
Ϸչ֮ǰҲá̫Ͷʣôˡ¶ŵҲûʲôˡֱӿʼ̸ͶĿ
سˬЦãˬ죬Ҳˬ죬֮ǰ˵˰꣬ټ꣬ոꡣ
ӿ˸û뷨ˡ
Ҳسʾ壬ǱҪ󷽡
Ͷʵ¶ͲҪسȥ̸ˣżسһ֣滮裬й֮ġ
Ըм䴩ߡ
ʱ䣬һи㶨ˡ
ȥس
سЦãĺáЧʿǸ̶̵߰ʱͰ¶
ҪӴǡﻷҲã涼ܷͶ
سȻ⻰Լ֪Լ¶رƳûʲôơ
ЦŵСհ糤תһʱˡչĶܲ
Ц쵼֧֡
ֺ֧ܶ࣬Ļٰس̾Цſ񣬡ǰǵģڻڹ緢չڹؼʱҲ밲һҵĹȥӰǹԣϵĵӵüӼˡ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣˼ǣҡ᲻̫ˡ
ȷʵᣬҲȷʵ̡ǰɣĳɼǱ˼ʮ궼ȲϵġذˡֻҪúøɣɳɼҲû˵лˡ
ҲͲˣᶨ쵼ôңҲŵİѹչĸá
سЦŵͷãȻȥϢϢµȥˣǱ糤㿴Ƽ˭Ҳοһ¡
سǲ밲˹ȥģڹѾص㹫ˣ°ŵ˹ȥ¶
ԸɴƼʱƼ˱ضǺһĵģҲչĸ˳
룬֮ǰҶæҲûϸ۲졣ͬ־ǶģҾûڹĽҪƼһƼͬ־ܽġ
سΪƼϾ죬Ǹƺ֮ǰ糤֣һͬ־ϤΪڹͳɼۣûģ׼С˼빤ءû뵽СյûƼ
СҲһ񰡡Ǹֱͬ־У¶һῼǵġ
ˣسȥҳ˵¶ˡ
϶Ҫģᣬ˼Ϊˡ
ֻǻڹ糤ĳɼܶ඼Ӱ쵽ˡ
ĳɼĸ쵼һ°
ѧͿ΢һˡ
ɲȱͬ־ȱľѧġ
ȥ·ҲãΪһ쵼ʱ򻹵Ӧһദķʽڿɲˣʡȥö¶ˡ
쵼֪õǸˣԺҲҪȫ档Ҷкô
ʼţԼ㲻Կ˻ῴסµʱ˵ȹؼʱ̣Ҳǻ뵽ġ
βͶʣôȥ򹤣سֻҲ²˾ô졣
ص磬ڹĸɲҲ˷ܣ
ȻûϷʱ䣬·ϵʱҲҪġﵢ죬һˡ
ڣҶﲻ̤ʵ¹¡
ˣͷˡ
ÿ춼˴ɨ칫 ˣͿˮ糤˰ɡ
Уû¶ɡӡ
أдʣ˵ʲôʱ򵽣ã ƵҲˡ
ͷҲΪ¶ϻġͷǱߴ绰˵ˡٰѹѵһ¡˾͵ÿˡ
ϡ
θ߸˵Ӧˡ
ֺЩô˵ЩѾˡ
ȥˣססһݶˣסû⡣ɵĻҲֹ
Ҿ˵ˣ糤ŵĻܲˣҲǶൣġ
Ц͵˾ĶãˣʲôɻҪģȥѧһЩëòãҲһ˵㡣
ʮϿɣԺζĵľû¶ɵġߣֱ̫ˡأܱȾĹ˺á
Ҳܵǹ۲ۣ˰칫Ҿ͸ͨѶԱ˵ˣЩгסģֹ´ȥŵʱʣôش
ͨѶԱôãҶȥˡҾͻǣ֪ˡ
û죬ͨѶԱŵʱ򣬾Ͱ⻰ȥˡ
ЩϷˣгסŸֹ糤֮ǰ˵һ
۲ۣҪŻۣǾֻˡ
ôЩǳ׷ˡ
ֻҪгסǸɿС
úӻû뷨ġ⼸캢ӲڼңȻżţһ뵽Ǯȥˣǻȥˣ̤ʵ
Ҳÿ찦̾ºûϢˡ
ȥ￼ϳʱЩҳл
ûˣİáڿˣûˡ
ݵľôҪӰ࣬ǳﰲŵģŵġ
ܿ죬ϳĻˣҲû˵̸͹ǵ¶ˣ߸˵ӭЩµ豸ЩϹˡ
豸˽ԭ϶ˣӵϳں¡¡Ŀˡ
óȥӴСֳ˽Ѿ˴ʵĶˣɰЩֻˡ
Ҳˮ˾һ¡
ֳˮ˾ˮ˾һִ˲ٵ⡣
תͿʼˡ
һæ꣬ϵ֮ǰͬ־ֹש߳
ʦɻǵء
ҲϴѧˣɵְԿϵļʸ󡣼ռ͵ʱṩ˺ܶѧϰϺͷܴ
ʦԼܹϣǰ˴æģܸмֻǺҲϵϡʱ˵ʹӦæˡ
ڹӾ÷չ졣
ֻȰ·֮󣬿ʼջˣڹԱ׬һͰˡ
ûջ񣬵ָ绰ˣسģ⼸ͻ͹ȥΪ˲֯Ͳ̸ˣ֮ǰƼ糤Ҫ֪ͨȥ̸̸֯
һ⻰֪¶ˣлл쵼Ρ
úøɣҺͳǿɶŻڵķչء
֤ʧ
˷ܵ
˵绰ͺ˱衣ǰѺˡ
ϾҲҲҪһ˼빤ìܡ


307 
ֺǺǵ, ΪҪ̸
Լδʲô滮
΢㶣, ǰǻڹ緢չ, ɼ
ͷ˵û, ǹũҵģδڷչ벻ũҵ, ɼĻǺܴġҺܺú㡣
Ц, Ҳ糤á
⻰Ҿس˵˵
ʱЦ, ܼ쵼, Ƕϰô˵ˡ˵ľĻ糤Ӣ쵼
Цҡͷ, ˵¶ġǰس˵ҪְƼҵ, Ƽ, ҵʱԥһ, ѡ糤
ͷʵ¶˵ˡ˵ǲ
, ɲĶףҪߵȣÿһҪɼССϴǴĳɼ, ˭Ҳ˵㲻áҪ糤, ҲҪɼСûƼ, Ҳٶһ£ʵδȥˣҲվĲȡ
ⷬ˵ʮҲûʲô˵뷨
˵ʵڵģͶǺ˽ģ֪˲ʲô˽ģȥԼˡҲкõģԼ˶ͷչĻᣬֻҪԼߡ
֮£ϲ쵼쵼̤ʵ׷
ҲȰҪúø糤湤ѻãԺȥŸ
һ֣ص糤˵ĻҶ֪ġҲ̤̤ʵʵĹɼƾԼĳɼҾԼҲʺϹ硣ܹũҵһͺܲˡ
ο˻ֵģ㻹ᣬ㹻ʱô룬ҶδҲġǻĸɲҲܸˡ
ЦҲ˵ģۻ糤ҲܸˡˣԺˡ
ЦЦˣ鷳ȥһ糤ԺҲúõĴũҵҲҲҪץġ
Ҷͷ
糤ҲǷֲ
ǰοθ糤Īĵ˾乧ϲ
οԼӦòǻ¶
Ȼ˰칫ң£˱ˮ
糤ϽԼ֡
ЦʲôԺǾǴˡ
糤ʲô˼
سҼ˵ӣλþͿˣƼˣҾƼˡ֪ͨȥ̸أԺǹ糤ˡ
糤ȵ˵
رļ
̫⣬̫ϲˡ
糤Ҳǿʮˡһˣ˵ʵҲûʲô׳־ˡϾ֮ǰǺ֣糤λˣҲʹˣʺˡ׼ɵء
һӾȥˣ
Ĳ֪ôҲֵĺܲأϾʮˡ
糤ңû뵽
ЦҲǹ۲ǵĹģҲ˽ǵڼ糤棬ѧߵģҲжľ顣ΨһǷȱǴľ飬ⶼǿֲġ
糤ԣһúõפڴӣǻ㹤˽һЩ
Ǻܼ޵ģһֱΪһҪչ벻ǶԱķֲһӵģֻܸǴҪչҪԱԼǴ
糤ͷ
Խһ淢չãһҪץҪܽһ¹еѧУЩʦѧʡľѣҲƫڽġУҪýҪʦҪ롣Ը౶ĹȥĺʦҲҪĹһЩûˮƽʦ˺ӡ
糤û뵽糤ôӽһʱ鼤
ǵ֣糤һ֣糤ҲԽ鲢ӡΪܽ쵼ԽĹЩġ
糤ôңôӽܸм㡣Ҳ㱣֤һӽĽ裬ֻҪøǮһŬǵĽˮƽ
Ժ糤ˣҲ㡣Լй滮ͺúøɡǵȥ֯
úãҼǵá糤ϲ
糤ְλûнĺѡ
ʱͲӴˡǽĹؼʱЩ쵼ء
Щӳĳɼ
棬ҲһĻˮƽߵġ
糤һʱ仹治ҡ
Ϊ֮ǰڹͬ־ȷʵϣûй˵ı֡
ҪǰǺΣ˵ܾ񿴲ϡ
ٺúɡкõѡһĥĥڹǹؼʱ򣬶ÿһλɲҪϸҪġ
УҶ糤Ĵм뷨Ͽˡ
Ҳ쵼˾塣
Ȼᣬ˼̫ˣƽǰЩìܣǡȻ֣ǹϵãǶ쵼һûġ
ڶ죬糤ȥˡ
ͬʱҲϢˣҪ糤糤ӵˡ
糤Ҫǣ糤Ҫ糤
۷׷׵ģ˭Ҳȷֻһѡ
︱糤ͽ糤￩һ¡
Լһȥ㱨Ҳòʡ
ûֱʣǲҪӵˡʹǲףһ¡
֮ⲻھƣûʲôףģƽĽѡҲʲôλϣɵĻһǸûڵĽ衣
û˵糤Ҫְ¶Ҳ˵ˣ
˵ͷ˵ˡ
ȥҲΪúáѧʺܸ߰ƽʱӣǹؼʱ϶ҲҪɼġλĹҲǲģǻҪŬ
︱糤ͽ糤ͷôȥˡ
ʵǵ糤ǲΪ֮ǰźǵģԲûǡ
ЦԺҲлģۻˣɼˣۻڵĸɲߵﶼġ˭ֲǾۻһ硣
˵ͷٺܵˡ
ң˵дĻǨٶȣҲ˼ꡣԺлġ
ɲǱˡ
δпߡ
˼ѧôߣڻϰ
ʱ˸ɾˡ
糤أԺҲǡ
︱糤糤ʵЩ¶Ҳû뷨Ҫѹáڹΰ⣬ҾÿץץȻһˣǾ»©֮㡣
ͷĺܶԣȥϷҲоˣΰһ⣬ŹҲӵģǾͱȹҰˣǰ棬žС͵С¶ҲҪӡ
˵öԡ︱糤ӹҲԽĸˡ
糤Ҳɲ⡣
ҪɲЩɲĻˮƽߣҲҪչѵǸϷչ
񶼾úãϵĹ̬Ⱥ֧֣ſֽŸɣҪᡣеǾ͸ûеҲȥֻ֡Ҫܰѹ緢չã۴Ҷá
︱糤ͽ糤Ц
쵼Ǿùбͷˡ
糤磬ʽˡ
֪ͨ֯ܲļΪڹǣ糤ԺͰѸָȥˣʽΪ˻ڹ糤
˸˵Ĺƣףλ쵼ְ
Ҫ糤ȥˣԺõİ˵ˡ
˵ʵڵģ֮ǰϺͼ¶쵼֮ĶԱȣǾû쵼á˸㶷ġǿɴܷꡣ
ֳҲϢˡ
ȥЦ֣
֮ǰڿɶλˡ
֣ȷʵȥҲˣҹϵãȥˣԺܶչһµġ
Ǻǣֲ߲ǲһ㶼Ĺ
֣Ҳ
ֳֻá
ԸҲһźš˵˲ǳ
Ȼ˵ֻҪɵĺþܻعȥԿ
ܴһӸɲȥΪֳ쵼֮ǰô๤飬Żǰ
ñϺع硣
Ҳôģ֣֮󣬸ϽֳŹ׼ɼñ֣Ȼع硣
Щ¶ǲ֪ġ
Ϊ֮ҲԾϵӸˣһ㶼ҷɡżҴ˼ΣֽʦȥżҴשŹ
ʦҲˣ͵ˣΪ⹤Щ࣬ˣڼϡ
ϾǴѧҷֵĵλҲãϰԺڼӡ
ʦιҲݶˣҪȻǷ˼ҵģﲻ̤ʵ
λשĴʦһָżҴĸɲŷשҲһżء
رǰ;
ֻҪյשãǾԶ㣬ЩҲԸ
ûǮ׬
ϴשǴԼģģڴӵԱͶǮˣǮ֮שģܶˡԱǲֹͶǮߵĹ
ǣúѧúõİש·֮ˡ
ũԣٲҪ޷ӡ罨ҲҪשѧУ޳׼ְء
Ҫשĵطء
żҴҲ۽磬שпΪġ
вʯҲǿԵ׬Ǯ֮豸衣
δֻԽԽ㡣
żҴ糤Ժȶˣҵóȥ߿ѧϰҪ뷢չ͵üʶ㡣
ЦлᣬҸ֯һ¡Ǹóȥ࿴ˡ
糤Ƕﻹ׼һ̨ھںЩԱ㣬ҿ
ðֻҪ׬ǮͿǵɲľҪදԡ
˵ЦЦҪǺöԱֳܸȤˣȻмͶʵĳӣǾö׬ǮӪҲǺõģֳҲԸǷ磬ҶĶˡر֮ǰŴ㵾㣬ڿĻԱ͸ˡ
ҲˣԱԸ⶯Խ¸ˣһֺõźš
˵ҵ˼ˡ
ũӦֻʳӦƬسֵչֳԼļֵ
Ҳ֪δʳֻṩӦԽԽ㡣ܶũΪ̫ƶͶʧػķˡ
ҪģͶƬϣƬءͬʱƬҲЩϰչϸ
ϰ꣬ڹ˾ĸɲԱǶͷɡ
ֹæŹ罨裬żҪȥһ￴ʳƷ衣
Ͷʲֻʮѡ
ĹģҲ
߽й˶Ҳֻһˡ
ߵĸԬÿζд
Ͼ˵ˣλ
ۼⵥλĲˣ͸Ὠˡ
ǰװôʲôװ
Ҫǲ䡣
ǱȽݳ޵İװˣر䡣ڸܹʱƷˡΪҪڵģҲͰƷڸߵƷһˡ
ЦҽǿټһְװЧ
ʲôʵİװ
ٱģľʵġЩΪװϾԵĿͻǹͬ磬ĸߵװ̫ˣΪҲָмɫİװһЧЧǲҲʡһʰװ𣿶˵ûɻɫ
𣿡ԬǾЩȤԿܹʡɱҲɫ
һЩֹȽϺõϰգڼˣ͹ʡһʳɱˡҹӷǱȽ϶ġ


308 
ǿ, ɱҲߡ
ԬҲҲ׼һ
ȻЩװʽҪ, ʳƷԼʦġ
ԬҲ, ɴһ²Ͷ, ¶Ҫ鷳ǰæϰˡ
İ, , ϶Ҳǽʱһרŵ˺Ǳʱ
Ԭźܸˡ
˰, ȷʵʡºܶ¶
Ȼ϶һĿ, ֻҪ𺦿棬ܹҲƽʲô
Ͼеĺ, ͼŻ᳤á
˹磬ڹƸλձرõʦ, û, ȥҲС
ʵ, ʲô
Ͱ￵ʳƷ¶˵ˡ
ҪܹãԺƶڼҲܶһˡ
ҲþϲеԱ, ƶȷʵѹڸɲͷϵⰡ
ֹð̱ڴԱܸɡ
Ϊܹõ, ҲҪ, Եʱ򻹵ý̻˲СҪԼҲ
ε, ˣٲҲû취ˡ
ȥͨѶԱȥȥҪձõԱ
ڹô󣬻˲ŵġ
ΪÿũҵĲӣҲԼġ᲻õġ
ͶһʵԱĶ
ôһЩɵżܽ˽ǰ͵͵ĽӣǹĽӡ
λϴү
ҲǣֱƸڹ繤ԺרŽ̴ֹԼ⡣
һѵϴү˵ܹڹһݹǺ˲ġ
ԼණȥҲ١ΪĹҲ˸Ҳ˸
ڹ绹ɣȥɶҲǣй̶룬Ͷ⡣
⴫⻹治ʲôգԼϹĥġ
ҲͶʻǲġ㿵ԺǻӲɣҲ֯ЩרЩӣ¨ӳȥǳۡû׼ԺһЩװƷóȥ಻ѹܸҵ·
ʦҺˣͰ֮ǰͳƵѻóø֪ͨЩѧϰգѧ˾ͿԽӻˡ
¶ܿڸﴫˡ
ѻϢ֮󣬶ϲѡΪԼˡ
ӸɲظΣȷϢ
糤ǿ˵ǻ˵¶һΪİˡ
ЩѻǶʮּϲ
оһעϣһ
Ӹɲ֪ЩѻҲʮĵĽ¶
Ȼˣ˼ҶЩҪҲߣԻȥѵѸѵչ˾ܽӻԺڼȻȥ磬ǿԼҪ
û˵ģ綼ˣҪǲҲûˡ
ѵԱͱĥûƢˡ
ֻҪϣͶͦӳǰߡ
ãð
ԱҲӻɣϾ˭ҲǮࡣ
Ҳ˼빤չͥģϰԼܹ;Լڶﶼ¸ˣ·ԼЩѻ׬ǮͶˣԺҲչ˵ġ
̬º͵ĴӸɲ˵ġ
Ƣģýѵһ䣬۵֪㣡ģֳڵλСϰˣ۽ܷܲſ㡣
ƶЩרŰһ¶ԽӡͲöˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳȥ
ЩΪΪѻԱʮϧᣬŬũ˾μѵ
Ҫ˼ලѧ
ܿѧˣﳧҲʦƳ˵һİװ״Ȼʦĥװô࣬Ǳ˼ˣͷ˲ϣǻȥԼ
Ҳû˼ලֻҪ˽ʱ䡣
ܲʼͨǵÿԼˡ
ĹǮߣһװа˷ǮĹǮ
һһڿ㣬⡣Щѻɵ٣һҲʮǮˡ
ܼ࣬Ǯ
ܸһǮͿȥͶʣֺ첻࣬ܶһԴˣֻԽԽá
ЩѻҲٺǰһĺʲôûÿɾʮ㡣
񼸴ȥ￼ֳ֮󣬷Ǿ񶼺úܶˣҲˡ
ڹɵĽУѮڹҲӭһǰδеĴա
ЩСС㣬Կʼһˡ
ÿˮ˾ǰҺộԪˮ䳵Ҳ׼ȫηյûʲôѹ
ԱֻҪЩֳŪͺá
ֳ㣬һЩԱԼҵ㡣
һЩǳġ
һЩԱȫһһˮԼ㡣
Ʒֶ࣬١
ǰøﱨƻˡʱðˮ˾˺乫˾
һⲻˣж٣ӶС
ܼƺʮˡ
⻹ֻһСءرǴֳģֻһ֣Ȼ磬ʣµһЩ㻹ҪţԺǸһʱһÿ¶Կʼˡ
£ڷյϲС
÷ù˵죬˻ڣҲкüֳǳˣǽӻʹﵽʮˡ
˾İɡ
ܵģʡĻǺܴġ֮ǰӦͲʡҲ˺ܶȫԵ¡
Цˮ˾ˣԺ϶ҪֳġҲ׼ĺá
ǰŵĹǶǰͰġ÷Ҿӹ
ЦЦ׳÷ĹС
ʵˮ˾ܵ治࣬Ҳż˽ȻæʱŹʱ÷ɵĺܺá
رҹӦ̵¶ֻһ䣬÷Ͱˡ
úøɣɵĺã׸ǽ⡣
÷һɻ
Цæӣҿɼٸǡ
Ȼ֪⻰˼ǳ÷ﻹǺڴġ
ܿ϶˵ġ
¶ءǸǷӰɡɡ
÷ţﲻţޱڴ
ôġ
ΪŹ繤ԽԽ࣬ˮ˾չģԽԽ֮Ҳ׼ռλˡ
ԼۣҲӰߵĹ
׼֮ǰ⡣
ש߳ʯϿԽһ롣ˮ˾Ժÿ¸һǮˣѹ
ˮ˾ӻϹ˲࣬Ϊȫû⡣
νɼҵҶûУôΪ˾أ
Ȼεûÿվ
ڸ׼£ڹĸСֳؾͿʼˡ
Ϊ˷һ˶ӡ
һȻСϴ壬ֳֳﵱ֮ϴ硣
ֳĶݵģ˭һλá
ǺԱǶ˷ܵĲ˹
ΪСϴֳСϰǣЩԱ˭ʮְֳ
յʱ򣬼ҼһԸæûǮС
ΪԼҹġ
˭ҪǲҲ˼Եռ˱˼ұˡ
ȥ̵һβ㣬ܾˣǵֳԼ̣Լ֣ʳ
ԱǶЦ
ѡͶ棬һλԱ̵ġ
˼ϵĶûˣǾȴã֮Ц죬ĺӴ
ʵһ㣬жء
ɴ㡣Ϊһһβ㿪ʼԺÿֳ׬ǮˣԺÿ궼ܷǮˡ
ǵָ£׳Ƿ׷׵ĵ˴
Сϴ壬Ҳ׼
Ų빫缸ֳֳ
Сϴ岻ͬǣ֮ǰû飬⻹ͷһΣûлֱӵϰ壬͸ˡ
ݸɲ˵ҹﶼ˯ˣֳŸɻˡ
һЩᴵˣԷ֯ĵףֵġ
˵׬ǮˣҲҪװСϴĴԺ
СϴоĹָ£㹤ֵչˡ
ԱǵһҲСϴ٣ֳ߲ģԷİԼҴˮ׶ˡ׵趼ˡ
Ӹɲ죬۰Ǯķˣû̫๤ߡ
ЦҲŴŽᡣŽᣬκѶܽԺ׬ǮٹҲ١
ԱҲȷʵŽᣬŽʱˡ
һල˭Ҳ͵㡣
һ˰أȻߣϲЦտġһοСϴֳأǻĵĽʡΣǿԼճˡ
Ұֳ׬ǮֶܷǮ
Ȼײõɴ̤ʵ
ҿôյĳҲ׼ѷֵǮóã׼Ͷʡ
һֱæʮ죬ֳصǳ˸߰˰ˣû֮ǰôæµˡ
֣˹ֳĳƻˡ
أΪֳ׼û뵽ҲŴҵĲˡ
ǣô㱨ڲȥǻҪȵȣǰĻ˲С
˶ʱ˶Էһ
ԹԷ
Ҫŵһƻģǻ඼Էֳ׼٣ȻͱıҶ࣬ҾȥΪԵ¼ƻˡ
ھҪԲŻЭһ
һ
˼ƻЦ㵹ĺܲҲˡǮҪ֮ǰǷﵥλǮʱòˡ
֣û˵ЩΡ
ڹյ¶Ҳ˵˵ġ
Ϊ˵ˣ֪񵱳ĽǶôȷ
ȥ㷢չҲûˡ
ǵֳȷʵʽûô죬ûа취֧Ԯ١
ɵĴɼֳʱֵһˡ
̾ˡ
İ칫Ҵţ֣ʣǻ𣿡
ûʲôˣ´ǳһУֳ׶㣬ûģжپǶ١Գһ۾Ϳˮ˭ˡ
֣һˡ
껨ڹķٴʡĹע
Ӧ˵Ƴض˹ע
Ϊ˻֮⣬Ҳ롣һͳƣʮֺÿ
ũͬ־룬Ҳľ롣
·еͨģʡֱӵ˱ֽصرƳء


309 
ڸ㽨ʱ, Ƴشũ¸¶Ȼĺ۵ġ
Ƴˮ˾ĴҲһ˵ľҵ⡣
ƳǰˮֳһҵˡҲΪһصľɫ
ʡ쵼ҲϣƳѧϰѧϰСϴģʽѧϰģʽѧϰƳģʽ
һҪֳ, Ҫѧϰ־, ̬ȡ
һﲦһʽ辭ѣǶǵĽ֧֡
ɰ쵼ֻˡ
ҲõϢ, ʡҪʼȡλˣԺҪֱӻй
ΪƳʡǽ, ŸڵĸҲ
һֱҲܹʡǹΧ
ܵõʡô, 쵼ǶڻʡǹҲ˵ˡ
ҪܹΪʡϽ, ԺԴ϶ˡ
쵼һ, ֵŻڵĺãسڶһЩ֧֣ĸáһɫ
ͬʱҲõİ, ǿĹкôġ
سС֮ǰ˵, ǹҪץ, Ǻ¡ҲҲҪŬǡǶದѡ
Ǯ, ҲС
ӵ֪ͨʱֻϲ켫
;ԼһֱȱǮ
½ֳ˰˳а, һˣȱǮ
Ǯĵطʵ̫ˡ
ǽ߾ҪǮҡΪ֮ǰ̫ˡʦˮƽ̫ͣѧУ̫̫С̫١
ɶҪǮ
⹫ڵϣҲ׼޽һ, ߵľø, ϵԱС, Ͼ̻
Ǯʵ̫ˡ
һҲû͸Ͻųȥ
ȥлسͳһ
λ쵼ãɫ˵Ļرسһʡǵĺô
֪ǮӺζ
һģһ˵Ǯˡ
سΪʲô
һҪʡǿʳʡˣ۴Ʒչô죿
س
˿ȣϹ˵û룬ǵĹҲǲɷϵġýĻǽ
ô˵ҸˡЦ
سˣ˵Ҫû롭
쵼Ҳ㻵°νͷβ۾ʡǣ۲˸ƣԺͷҲܵõԴб벻ʡǣҲĲãǾ⡣رȷʵ΢Զһ㡣

νʱ˺ͣͲô
ⷽҲӰ첻˵ģϾʡĹ滮ˡ
سҲ̫ʧ䣬Ժ۰ʡһޣ·ˣҲûԼʳȡ˸ԣ
δҲкܶеϰչıʡлԣء
سͷֻһһĸ㽨ˣƴãδ϶õġǻҲҪŬ
ӦˣȻسˮ˾Ա¶׼ʼڵػˡ
ҲһܽõġǮ浹ǲż
سǽʽ𣿡
û⣬Ҫڹ˲࣬ͷһҲȫ裬ϵһԱȽһڣ
УԼȥɣˮҸӡ
ллس
뿪˳ȥһˮ˾
ˮ˾ĹҲۻˡ
ȥֳ㣬Ǻʹ̶Խӹͨرæ
ÿҲʱ͹æģƽʱȶһЩ
ʱ򣬴Ҷæɨβ
÷ҲŴӲˣϽк
ܣ
ͷˡ
Ҷܸˡ÷ЦΪˣλЧáҲŸá
ոõı񿴡
һξתࡣ
һμƻÿҪˣΪЩֳǻÿҪһġ
ֻô󡣵ջۣȴ뻹Ҫࡣ
Ҳġ
Ͼˮ˾ڻ󣬼˼ӽҲʮˡ
ʮˣÿ׬飬úܲˡ
ԺλˣȻҲҪġ
÷ܣæˣ֮ǰˮг
ͷԣҪʲôԼȥܣҵС
÷Լȥ𣿡
ң
ǣҸҡ÷֪һᡣҪˣᱻΪû
ǻڵĹҲҪæˮһǹܵĲģԼġ취˸Ҵ绰
÷æĵͷ
ʵԼǾûʲôˣϹˣ⹫˾޵н裬ˣҲеģԹ˾Ϥˡ
Ҳ쵼Ӹ
Ц÷ͬ־껹и¶Ҫˡ
÷ʲô¶
׼׽һְʱජŵ㡣
÷һ۾ͽ𣿡
ҳŵ¶һҪ죬졣ǮûǮӵý
÷Ĳ֪οˡ
ֻҸ
ԭΪҪģû뵽ô찡
˳ˮ˾ļ쵼Ҳйˡ
ⶼǵһϹġ
Ҫ·ļƻ
ϢùǾϲ̲ס۾ŹĿ
̫࣬ȽһһԪϽ衣Ҳܴ󣬷ж󣬰֡
ҲǸλַӵı׼
Ҳ׼׼Ͼ˿ٶ࣬Ҳôһڵλ
Ϊϱ׼ԹҲû
ֻþϲ˷ܡ
ǻȥҲһĹˣúøɣһĹ˷֡
ЩӦˡ
ĵϲú޲øϽ˶֪λҪְˡ
һߣˮ˾ˡ
ŵλҪְʼλĹ˷ַˡ
һȸһ˷֣ԺҪڶĶлᡣ
ȻûеһǺĹⶼ˸ͷˣôиϣˣʧ֮Ҳϲ
÷ǵ¶ǻȥۣȰĹɺá
˵ˣڶĹ˷֣ҶҪջᡣ
˷ܵĿڣŬס顣
ˮ˾ֱӻ˹磬ָҲ˺Ϣ
ದһʽѡ
ڸɲ˵Ҳһϲ°չˡ
˵ľ糤ˡ
ΣǸոյ糤ûáһء
Ϊ糤ﻹûţ¶Ҳ糤˲ı
ʾҲ࣬
ôģӶˣһ롣
ԵʱҲһǮѧУ
ѧУ̫࣬׷ɢԴʱҲƬ
һӷֵһ£֧һѣѧУҲͿԶˡ
糤̾Ǯûȣֵȫȥˡ
һֲʣ
ЦǮǸǳˣͶ뽨ǮͲʲôˡ
糤ͷǵ°ʦˡ⼸Ҳĥһ£׼ʦǿһϸĿԼ飬ϸľתڹȰˡ¶ɲ
ͬſԣʦ¶ҲҪðţʦѧԺϵǶ࿪ʶСǶá⣬ƸһЩݵϽʦ顣ʱǽᡣ
ģһŵ׵糤ʮšǮð¶
ܿ죬糤ͿʼҸӿὨѧУˡ
ĵĪżҴˣ⳧ֺˡ
û⹤
Ȼ糤Ҳ֡
ǻʱͺһȥ˸ӵ
Ÿıһߵֲͣһ롣
˹磬ͺͺȥʡũҵоҸõֻ
ҪȻЩطӲشá
ʳûũƷǿٻر߲ģʳǲȱȱ߲ˡҿҲԼֳ
Уս˾ͳȥҡ
ģҹȥﻹб¶ҪæҲչ˲ˡ
׼ˮ˾æµ֮ǰѵػˣȻӽͼֽãʱֱӶˡæûʱ䡣
˵Ż칫绰ˣˮ˾ģܣ¶ˣ
һ⣬˾ʲô¶ˣ
ǹ˾¶¶˵Ҫ
÷ͬ־أʵ
һ¶ҲûϵǱˣͦġ
üϹȥȰ˱˾Сִ绰˵¡
ֱӱ𣿻᲻᲻ÿ
ʲôÿģֲ¡ϽϸϹ
˵˵绰
ĵǣ𣿡
û£ȳȥһˣù
˵žͳˡ


310 
ƳСس, λǴϲ¡
ˮ˾ĹΪüһӣҲؼͼ˵Ϣһ˵, ϶֪ˡ
Ȼ˲֪һֱúܲĵλ, Ȼ, ôͿʼ˷ְˡ
һҪӵĵλ, Ƕ˵Ч治Ҹбϡ
ҪȻλøְַأ
һӾʹˣˮ˾ҲͳΪ˺ܶ˶ŵġ
ʲôʱˡ
÷żȻҲ֪¶
÷ȥˮ˾¶Ƕ֪, Ͼ÷סǴԺסǵطҲԶʱż˶ͦˡΪ÷żСӺ͵ϱ, ȴֻһʽԺֻһԽӰࡣ
ڳ÷˹Ժ⹤ùˡ
֮ǰ÷Ҷ̫, ÷һŮҲ˵ӡǹҲŮӰࡣԺԼӵġֻӻС, ÷Ҳ磬ǲżӰࡣ
һ, ҪԼҵķʱס¡
ŵԺ÷, ó÷ѹøԼСӡ
һˮ˾ҪַӣҶ̫סˡ
һǷֵ·϶סĳ÷˷ӲˣϵλãʱҶˡ
Ժ⹤ͷӲͶԼûϵǿɲУ
Ҷ̫˸, ó÷ϡȥ÷ס·
ſ, ÷ͲҶˡǷҲԿ, ʱ䳤ˣҲס
ȥҳ÷̸¶÷ȻһڻؾˣֱӰѴŸˣڴԺĶ⡣
͹ʼʩҵλ쵼ˡ
ϴǸڵλһ٣쵼鷳Ƕ裬Թ͸Сˡ
Ϊ÷ţ쵼쵼ܲ᲻ܰɡ
ϰأ͹ڴſˣҪ쵼
λƭ˵쵼ڣҲܡ
һˣҲҰô
Ҷ̫Լû÷ûԼ飬ǾԼҵĶϱ
öϱôͲˡ
ϱĶǾҶҵĶ
ȥ˵
ҶϱйͲ̫ˡҶһߣͲˣҵ쵼ʣҵʲôˡ
Ҷ̫ĺţֵҲԽԽࡣ
ˮ˾˶ȥ³¶
÷ȥǱˮ˾ˣ˵˵ȥ˵ͨʱû׼Ҫ
÷۾ˣԼ̫ˡ
òҪͷˣ鷳ˡ
ϴαŵóѵľ֮ҲЩģҲλ鷳ˡ
ҲףԼϡ
ҪȻԺӻ鷳Ҳί
ܸ˵绰͹ˣ£ϹˡˣұѾˣץ
÷ۣЩģû˵ʲôɡ
ûͦġҲ֪ܲ˵ʱر䵭Ӧò˹˽
÷ͷ
﹫ְŵ˵Ǳ硣
ͬ־ˡ
Ҷ̫¶ϽɰҶ̫һ
Ҷ̫ǹ˼쵼Ӧôء
ͬ־ϲЩͣر𲻽˴򽻵ˡ
ӲͷƤⵥλˣ˵¶
ǲǳ÷ģҶϱϡͬ־ø
λͬ־ЩΪѡ
̫̫ҲûңҲûôȷʵҲץ
رˣץȥҲð죬ͺˮ˾ǲ˽ˡ
ܵϸϹˣұģùͬ־ܹܡ
ֻܵ⣬ץ
΢Ĺ
ҪȵȣҲ
÷ȥ̸ȥ
˵ųҶ̫߹ȥˣҪǲӦģֶǰ׷ݶǹҲˣҲˣҲǷǵġ
Ҷ̫ʲôûϴ飬ǼҵĶϱݶǼҵŮϴûˣͲϣ˵ſҶˣͲˣ⻹Ǹ˵ϱҪǲϣҾͺ쵼˵⹤ܲȥ
⹤ܲǲ˵㡣
Ⱥм
ܣ
ˮ˾˿ˣ˿
÷ҲЩš
߹Ҷ̫Ҿ쵼㷴ӦҲˣǵλϼ¶Ҫ֣ҾԷ÷չᰲץ㡣
Ҷ̫һˣΪǣһˣһ£ûҾҶϱϡ
ҵ¶ҹ˾¶ҹ֪ɶپʧǹ˾ַӶǼǧ𣿡
Ҷ̫Ҳң
ǵ¶Ҳ˭ҾˡֱӳԱͬ־ͬ־Ҫƻڼ⣬ƫƫҪֹ˾ĿĲϣֿץȥһ¡
ϹȰҪ˽ͽ⣿
ᶨҲܺͽ⣬ҾҪҪȻԺѧһ֣ǵλùȫֳ¸ָˮ˾ˣũͬ־Ӫˡ¶Ҫسӳ
Ҷ̫ˣôسˡ
Ҳûˣ˼쵼̬ȡ
̫̫˼ҵλˣ˼ҾȨ˸ǾҪȥ顣
̫̫ǻȥһ˰ɡ
һһߣҶ̫ץסˡ
Ҷ̫һץҸʲôûץ˰˵ŻҪڵϴ
ڹͬ־Ҳа취֮ǰץС»ˣ˽ˡҪץǾץֱԾвʽץˡ
Ҷ̫ϸ첲ȵһֱӺʹҪ⳥
ҪˣǸҽҩѡϸ첲ȶ𡣡
Ҷ̫
Ҷ̫ˣǱˡ
Ҳȥһ¶Ͼġ
ߣԼһ¹˾Ϲȥ
һߣ͹Ϲ˾ԺţôȥϰࡣȻų÷칫ҡ
ܣԲҸ˾鷳ˡ
÷ε
û¶ֲ˵飬Ҳܺߡ̫̫ʲô뷨
÷ᶨҲϡǷǼҵģˡ
Լɷߵ磬ֵ̫̫û˹ͷӵ¶˵ˡǷݹԴҶԭڳǽֵصġ
ǹɷԼпȥģҶûϵ⹤ȴ˱ˡںܶ⻹ȷ¶ΪǾöӵĶӦڸĸϱԼݶŮҪں档ΪŮԣԾˡƫƫ˵εʱϵһ㶼١
Ϊ˭ܹ
ںܶ൥λҲ£رּ£쵼ϡ࣬档
Ϊˡ
ܱԼԱҲǺ쵼
¶ͱˣɹ˾浽סֳɼ¶ַùܡ˾׶ԡ
÷˾鷳ɡ
۲鷳Ҳ鷳ЦԼᶨ㣬ǼȥˣҲܲˡԼҲҪҵ취⡣˶ߣߣҲǵߡȥˣԼĥ
˵žˡ
÷ĥˣҪһݡ
Ҷ̫עصľСӵǸɡ
ǹǴ˷Ӻ롣
Ҷ̫һѱһĿޣԼίԼԩ
ͬ־һ
˺òãǶ֪һܿˡ
һˣ̫̫
ĿǰŮͬ־ҪҲߣɷˣΪϱֻҪûļޣǾ͸ˡ
Ҳձ˼롣
֪̫̫Ǻˣͬ־Ҳý¶
νѶϼ¡
˹֣Ϲͺӳˣǲܣ̫̫ҧҶϱϵġ
Ҳܣ˭У֡ǵλһʲôû˭ȥǷᰲɴСֻ˵ʱûɴƲȫȷʵʧˡ˭֣ǻ㷢չ𣿡
Ϲʵϱ¶
ǲҵ飬Ҹ˾¡ϱ飬ԼȥȰ¶ˡҲܺͽ⡣ǲҲҪϼ쵼ӳ
ˣҲǸĵġ
¶Ǻöˡ
ֻҪͼϹϵǾ͸ô죬ô졣
̫̫¶ɴС
˲׷ҲǸС¶׷ˣҲҪεġ
Ҷ̫һ˵Ҫؼ죬Ҫʱˡ񺰡
쵼ôԺȥǵλ֡
㾡һҸһΡǸͬ־鷳ˡ
ͬ־:
ǿƵ̬£Ҷ̫ƽһγη
Ȼֻ죬Ƕһ̫̫˵Ǻܴġ
ϾӾȥģǶǷ¶ģԺҪЦˡ
ֻ绰Ҷ̫Ķӣˡ˳ٿͷһ£Ϊͬ־Ҫͬ־Ĩˣ˵˼빤Ҫã˼ָ浽ˡ
Ҷ̫ĶҶǿƵĲˡ
̫̫ȥҴɩµ֪ģҲûš
ΪҲȷʵ
û뵽Ȼֹ
ֻΪһˣܲȥҴɩְɣ̫ѿ
ȥ˱ڿҶ̫һҪؼ죬ʵ裬ôˡ
ɩǸĵģģͷȥȥҶ̫ġ񣬲ȥλ¡
쵼û
˵λͰѼɲйˣԺ󲻹ʲô¶һ¶Ǳڶ¶Ǹ绰
ʲôӲӵģ¹ˡ
ɲǶˡ
÷ҲվҵǸʾλ鷳ˡ
ڴҶһ߹ͬ־ϵãҲùżˡ
ôɢˣʳ÷Լܸö𣿡
÷ͷܡǰ޿ܺ͵λͬ־ǣҾеˡǰҲһ֡ϾǰɷûߵʱһҲŻС
ƾĶۣŶӶС
ҲӣҲǴݶֵġҪȻݶҲܿϹˡ
Ϊĳɷ⣬Ųϲر˴ݶ֮󣬸ϲˡ
żҶԴݶֵ顣
Ͼˣ˻Լˡ
Ҳ÷ʵǸˡ
һϷſֽŵȥӦòڱ۸
һһ䣬ҪɡǲΪ˱˻Լ
ģ÷ЦҾֻ̫̫֪ҵλ֣Ҿȥӵλ֡ӵλ쵼ֵģڷ֯Ч治ã²¡
Ц֮޷ӵĹҲҪˣҹ̶Ӵػͼֽ
÷ʶ﹤̶ӵģ֮ǰͺһҪȥǹ̸
ҲСԺǶԽӵʱࡣ
Ϊ̫̫ھ棬÷Ҳżȥͥ¶һһ⹤
ֱȥ˽̹˾ˡ
֮ǰڽӹʶİͷ
֪֮ǰһǸŹڽˡ
̫ˣ˼ҸǮ࣬ȥ˽Ƕ¥ʯˣѹ˸ˡ
÷һû뵽뿪֮󣬻Щ¶
һЩǣⲻЩġ˭ˣ𣿡
üһˣصĺͲصģûҪȻˡˣʲôѽҲ˽ɣ۹˾ڲý˽ġ
÷Ҳֻǹ˾Ҫְҽ̸¶
ӴԭְӰ˵ȥȥ
ͷｨ蹤̻ࡣرָλɻģǾ͸ѵˡ
Ϊλɻý˰һʱ᲻ˣҪҲҵضҪ˽˽ӻ˼Ҷܵ㡣
ｨ̹˾ĸܿͿĽӴ˳÷˵ˮ˾ģ͸ˡ
ˮ˾µλЧֻԽԽáЩЧԽԽĵλһ
÷ҲڵλƵͬ־͹ͷȥأȻ̸̸ôǡ
û⣬˹ȥ
˾רŸִͽƹʦһ𽨹ĹͷλԴȥˮ˾̸
һѣͺ˵ԼĽƻ¥Ҫһģ¥ġ
ġҪ̨ɹ
ƹʦɱҪߺܶӴ
û⣬Ҳס¶ȻùסǮ׬Ӹֲܶʱڲ
ƹʦʱʣˮ˾˲
̸ҪȥءȻһƬϽй滮
֮󣬽˾˱֤һ֮ڳͼֽȻԿʼ
Ȼ߸˵ȥΪʵӻͼֽҹȥˡ
Ǻͳ÷ƬյԱվһ
ȻʱԶò˼ᷱġ
÷ܣ˵ǰˮгôˮгЩңҲ㣬ôȻ㲻㣬Ǽ۸ͣž벻ˡ
ǿԿǡǾͲԺģӰ
÷ЦãǻĹгӰ
Цŵͷ⡣
ȻתƬأԺ󰡣ǹ˾˵ļҾˡ
÷Ҳڴ·𿴵õδ


311 
°֮, ÷ȥѧУ˹ŮݶȻ˵㶫ȥ֮ǰĹѡ
Ŵ֮ǰһ, ŮŴͷ, 
ݶʵ, , ȥ𣿡
ǰһĹѡ
ݶ裬Ҫû˹ͱ, ҳ㡣
÷Ц, ôûԺֹҪйҪзˡλֵķӡ
ש߷𣿡൱ϳŵʱ, Ѿˣеˡ
÷۾Щ, ǷӸá¥ڼ󷹣ϲ, Сֵ̨㻨ݲݡ
ݶ۸, һֱס𣿡
šӦܣһŬģˣһֱס
ҳҲҪŬݶ汣֤
÷ЦԼŮҪһ쵼أ쵼һĺ쵼
˵Ǹ𣿡
ǰ, ݶԺҪһ, һŮͬ־, Ҫܹĺá
ݶ֣صĵͷԺҪȥѧϰҪл
÷ЦˡǺúӡ
ŴҲǴԺܶ˼Ҽһ
֮ǰżң·
żҲŶûء
վſھͿŴϴʯء
!
Ŵ˻ͦ⣬ôҹˡ
ҽȥӰ¶˵ŹһȥɻˣҾ͵ǣ
Ŵİк£ҶȥΪ˶ôǮǵȥӳˣ˼Ҷ⳥
ŴҲ̾ǻҲۡǮƽʱࡣ
ֿų÷˵㵹ˣҪȻҲˣ˵ŸӣҪô졣
Ǽ˻رȱ£⳥˼˵ˣҪǮûУҪһŹҲûǮҽҩѶȫġֻܸһ֡
⻹õģиŮֱӣҽԺﻹûء
÷Ҳľġ
Ҳˣһô
ҲͦµģҪǻˮ˾϶ҲҪȥ׬Ǯġ
˵ԴˣǺȴʯ࣬Ӷûˡ
úˣԺɵİɡ
ܸʲôҲǲһʶֲ࣬һ
÷ԺҪˮгǵλҪˮг㣬ҪõóͷʽҵǽС⡣ͷ⻹׬ġ
ŴһҪٳɱǼòǮ
Ŵమ˵ǸȤò
÷ЦòҲ˵ڴÿͦġҪԼžӪúⶼԼسġ
ôһҲĶˡ
Ҫ˽ܵģҲÿס
𣿡
÷ǵλҪľƷҪҺʶôˣ֪ǵƷʱǾͰȥ룬Ӧû⡣
ŴǵʱȥԿ
ҪҲŵˣԽЩӰˡҪˮҲǸ¡
֪ŴҲԣ÷ܾ˳Է룬ŹŮؼҡ
˴Ժʵ裬Ű̾ڹ˵𣿡
ǰ÷ҪҵˣҲҪˡ
ŵòˣס֡
ȻСҲ֪Ψһˡ
ʧȥ衣
÷̵ݶҪлᵱ˹ˣۼҲ֪ôˣԺҲҪЩѵˡӶù
ݶʮĵͷ
μס⻰
һ죬﹤Ȼʱʱĺͽ˾ô¥¶޸ϸڡ
죬־͸绰ˣ˵Ҷ̫ʱ䵽ˣҪųˡ
Ͱ¶߳÷ˡ
Ѿͺ͵λ˵
÷Цû¡ܲһֱţҪԼ
ˣ澳пԼվˣԺŲ׵¡
÷°ؼң̫̫ڴԺ˵ˡ
ûԺŴݶȥԷúЩԻ
극˺ȥѧУٻشԺ̫̫Ѿˡ
ǴԺﻹ˵л˵ôǸ˵ϱģ̫ܶˡ
ɷϴء
ҪڹȥϱǺܴġ
÷Ҳûˡ
ҲĹģ⡣еλҲҪַˣ϶ҲҶ󡣳һͺǼûϵˡ
÷ҡҡͷ
Ϊﻹɷ򣬶Ϊ⣬ԺҪͬ¶ܲһֱ˰ɡ
żңٸԼҸż⣬ôҲ˵ͨ
÷ֱȥ֯ԺǱҶˡ
̫̫ڼ˵÷Ĳã˵綼ûؼҲ֪ȥˡ׼ȥҡ
÷վſڣȥˣҹˡ
Ҷ̫ͼվˣ㣬㻹
÷ôˣҪ֪ͨǣҪȥ鷳ҾӹȥǴȥ
ҶСҶǿͲˣɩӣôô˵
ǵҺʹݶôͲܺô˵ˡ
Ҷ̫Ϊ˭ܹܷ֯Ĺˡ֯Ƶλ󡣡
÷ҵȻܲţ֪֯쵼¶ҲǮˣҼµ̫̫ȥӡһβо͵ڶΡ֯쵼Ҳ쵼ҹڷ֯Чɲá˵ʱҶǿ⹤𣿡
ҶǿϱЩˣЦɩӣһˡ⹤Ǵ翼ģҪôûˣѹ
Һʹݶ֮ǰӣƸѹ¶Ҫȥ֣ҲȥǡһɾԸǮڸҲڣҲԲռˡ
Ҷ̫Ĳˣָų÷Ҫ
ңҲȥλҶǿ
Ҷ̫
Ҷǿϱ÷ӲŻ˵ģ￩һ£Ҷǿܹ衣
ҶǿҲ¶
ȻҪöԺӰ࣬ڻʱ򣬷ڵĵλҪ
ˣԺҲȥˡɩҲ÷ѹˡ
һ
÷Сӵӡͻ͸ˣҲԼסĻԺ֣ǾͿ˭ˡҹȥҲǲù
Ҷֻ̫ϱˡ
ǵͶСӵĹ
ϴûˣСӾΨһָˡ
ȳ÷ˣҶ̫治˰ԺҪټô죿ǷǹԺۼҶûˡ
Ҷǿ죬Ҳ̫̫ô˵ҲˣǻôĹٵʮԺˡܲڲ˰ɡ
ԺĶȣȻڶá
ҶǿϱҲüͷʵҲ̫̫ȥͳ÷סģϾԺٸﵽʱҲ
ʱ뵽̫̫ԶϱӣҲЩۡ
ΪһŮˣҲо÷ǰһˣ˼ҵλų÷
ôȥûá
Ҫó÷Լ¶
֮ܶ䱧δŷյĶϧӵеĶ㡣
뿪Ҷҵĳ÷Ҳɡ
ոҶһ˵ʱͻȻûҲˡ
ҲһֻҪԼǿˣûܹ˺
ԺҪŬҶҲʹݶ
ͺ
ڶ÷ͺ˵Լ¶
ٴθлά
Ҫеλ治֪ôˣҲûʵȥԿһˡ
ϾдݶȥͶԷơ
Цŵ¶ɾˣĴˡ⼸Һͽ˾ǱĲˣǾܰ˶ڵػˣⶼˡ
÷˵ҿ϶Ĺ
÷˼ֵӣЦЦ÷ͬ־ҵøӵˡ
÷վֱˣЩţʱ׼ýκι
㵱ܣԺҲڵλӣŵλ
÷
ʵ
ǣңҾ̫ˡ
Цþȣĺܺáڹ˾ҲڹܵġڽӵҲҪܣܾ칫εݲСȻҲһ飬ҪĲãǻǸˮг¶ҲҪˡ
÷ĻϲֶЩ۾ЩȣһúģһúܣллллᣡҪûҶ֪Լô
ԼҪû£ҲˡҪѹú÷ˡ

÷صһ
͸ҿ˸ᣬ˵
λʮˣܿλ֪÷Ϊˡ
ǵλְ
ĽĲˡǶԳ÷Ҳķ
ܲڵλʱ򣬶ǳ÷ŴҸɻģرܳԿ࣬һ˵á˾κθλĹıæʱܶࡣ
÷ͬ־ǵһԱӼ˵ڼʮһ߹ġĳɼҲĿõġˮλһγʮĻ˳˳Ҳֳͳԣλ
˵ſңǵλȻģ󣬽ʱ䲻Ҳǵơÿ˻ᶼֻܴҪɼлϣԺ÷ͬ־ΪͬʱҲǹϲ÷ͬ־
Ǹ˵Ĺƣ÷ϲ
÷ļ촽΢΢Ķ˼£ҾϹллңллǵ֧֡ԺһŬǵλչĸá


312 
, ͼֽ׶ˣŰ߹Ӹ÷
ұʾͻ飬Ͳˡ
׹Ҳæһӡ
Ҫȥ, ԹҪġ
һҲ뿴÷ܲһ档
ҪУҪˡ
ԼΪһĸɲ, ͬʱˮ˾, Ѿ̫ˡ
سǿΪǹ˾С, ֻΪǵһֽģûᣬܲᡣ
ջڻڡ
ع֮ǰȥһ˿ʳƷ
ʳƷŽĺܲ
ģ, ȫҲܺá񲻵òпרҵľǲһ
ʳƷѾʼˡ
ߵԬȫװĲιһ¡
, ֣׽ͷ׶š
˿˼ģʽ治һ, ĶҲȷʵƷʡ
ɹɵ㣬п鶼ġСġ
һй֮ġ
Ԭ, һܿҪˣڹ󳬼гСֱͬĹҡ
⹤ȫ
ʵ, Ҫǳ, ǻͶ𣿡
Ҫܹ˾ųǡǶ֮ڿ϶ġ
ͷʵгأȻڿ߼ۡǹгҲܹ, Ƶĵˮ㻹Ǻܳġ
ԬЦ, ΪһʼǵĶλǹߵƷ, Թгʱ˲ʱҲῼг
⻹ǿ𻪹˵Ĺ
һ˵ҲǺ¶
ڻڸʳƷ׵õ
ٴλصڹ磬ԭΪԼæȻûʲôæ¶
ľĹũҵ糤ѧУ裬ƹ㡣
︱糤æŵץС͵Сȥɡ
ڽ糤͸æˣæŸȫµĸɲп˺ѵ
ľȥҪ˼ɲѵ
һɲ١
ɴȥȥżҴש߳˶ʱְש߾ʹˡ
һʶ춼Цˡ
ǣô⣬ҿҳ縻
Ц̫磬׬Ǯ׬ǮǺҲۡµĶǲܵˣҪϳ
ҽҷǮܣû׼Ҫ·ˡ۹ôӣʱ·ӣæꣿ
NɪңҲԸ⡣ǣǰ칫ʲôʱҲޡ̫ˡ
ڰֵԺ˵ɣء
ҪǮǸֵ·ޣٻСг⡣
ǮأǮ˸绰ˡ
żҲϵֻǺʱ˵೤ĻʡѣϺٸԪ绰
ԪҲҲǸźܾòŴ
æô
Ԫĵ
ͦãֵ˱ҾûʲôֵĻˡ
˵ȻáԪܷġ
һӵҵС죬ֵ´ôã뿪֮СȻܹչãɼ˵ˡ
ЦЦ˵ûҲûôأҲ¶
ʲô£
ҸշһֱĶˡĿǰ׬Ǯٶܸϲи㽨ľġȹ罨ٽ裬Ҳ֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
ҪҴ𣿡Ԫ鿪Цʵ
Ǻ£㡣࣬ΪҲ֪ҲϢģֺҵȻҪҵ֯
Ԫ֪ǿЦ̲סЦҪǰҲң
Ĭһ£ȻһҸоҿˣûʱرףڷˣ׬ұŤҿġѹֶ˵Ӳѱ߲ݡ

绰ͷԪ̲ס
оԼöǾ仰
ͻȻЦЦƭģҲŲܴûأúͺֻòϡøڵϡ´Ҫʱ㡣Ҫǣȥֵһˡ˲
ԪҲЦˣãӭʱҡ
⻰ͻȻ־ùֵֹġԼ˼벻ࡣ
˿ȣˣ˵ˣҪŪǮˡ
Ԫ΢΢żʵȵȣһҪ㣬ȥ𣿡
Ҫģڻȥ֮ǰɵ
Ҳһ𣿡
Ǻˣȿȣһﰡ㲻ؼҹꣿ
ԪĬ
֮ǰ˵һ˹¶Щûζ
ţⶼûáԣҪǹһȥǾʹһˡȻûദ೤ʱ䣬֮ϵȷʵһˡ
ҲУһȥɡ
ɴ󷽷
Ҳ˿رүү̺ͺڵ
Ԫرãʳڵʱе㵣ĵģЩͻ
Ϊ֮ǰһһ꣬ᵽȤ֮ҲʼӴҪˡԸڹ塣
ҵʱ㡣
áˬ
ֺϤ˴ҲкôٲϤˡΪ̫Ϥˣһϵ֮󣬸оˡҲŵÿ
˵绰ܺõȥߡ
ʵҲмҵӣġгкҲдġ
Ϊƽʱ٣һ㶼
ǰеĽֵǲһġ
УȻĻǱڶࡣҲࡣȻʱѾǶʮһˡ
ϸѰңϲܶණٻ̵꣬ˮʾ֮һЩ
δЩǱ뽨ġ
Ŀǰȱľһũú硣
ǰҶûǮˡ
ǻڹںôӵֳĸԣ磬ÿ춼н˵ġ
ôûһúأ
ⲻֹǻڵʧúʧ
ǻڿǴǮ󻧣


313 
ũúԭԱγ, ΪԱṩڷĻҪĿҲҪũɢʽڽġ
ũͬ־֮ǰʵ̫ˣǮҲ᲻÷, Ǿ쿴Ÿ̹
֪ڵźʲôʱ򽨵ķֵ㣬ûеġ֮УΪǻũҲʼд, Ҳˡ
ھͱҪˡ
, ԺŸڸ㽨
濿Ź˰Ǯ㽨衣
ûǮ㽨裬ⲽӲ
Ǯ, Ľ, 췢չáͺ͵ռһҪǿռʹӵǮôĳ, ǲǿŶŲյĽ
ڰ칫֮ϴҶˣͰѹ糤糤ټᡣ
Ҷ, 

ҶЦЦ, ЦŰ֡׷ױʾӦġ
Ȼ㱨һ¹״̬
رǺ, չæĲˣ׼ȥһЩӻ
糤˵߲˺пΪ, ׼ȥŪһЩԿ
Цŵ, ҶŬ, ǹڸҲǰĺ, 궼һꡣ
ǰ, ԱҲˡҼһڸżܳһ⡣һ㡣ۿɫЩˡ
Ҳ, ũͬ־, ҲˣҲҪǽһЩϵҲùϵϰչõ㡣ǹϰգҲƫġ
糤
糤ǣʲôչƻ
ˮҪʾҲҪҪٻ̵꣬ꡣг
λɲ
糤ţöǮʾֻԼǰٻ̵ꡭˮɶҪǮ
ܶǮⶼǱزٵġԺǻֳֵأԺˣε˿϶ҲУҲУɶǾ÷չҪ㡣ʩҲҪѧУҲǮҲڼƻ档һ취ŪǮ
˵꿴Ŵң׼źｨֵ㡣
˶۾Ŀ
Ը𣿡
ǰ⣬Ӧû⡣ÿÿ¿ɶн˵ġ
Ҷ׷׵ͷ
ֹÿ£ǻϼһǮˡ
ǮǷڴ汣ܵġ
ǮڴҲȫźȰȫбϡȻǿЩΪźϽ
Ȼû˽˴ȴλṩ㽨ġֻҲôͨ˼ҲҪλûлʵ
ڹĸɲǶûǮǺ糤ǽȥˡ
Ҷû˵
ǾòУ
ΪУǡ
糤˿ȣǮǻϴֳǮڻûﵥλءھǷծ
ЦǮ㷢չûģչˣȻûǮծ׼ǹһֵȻһƬг
ָͷҪг̼׬Ǯˣ绹˰гˣҲ˹ҲҵչⶼǮ
˵꿴Ŵңһֹ׬ǮҲϰṩ˱ϵϰṩ׬ǮĻᡣⲻһ룬һʼôǲһ㽨ԺۻڹҲܺ֡
ͬƻ̫ˡǵʱǿɾˡ
糤ǸҲĶѡ
ǾͰǵļƻ죬û
糤̬
︱糤ͽ糤Ҳ׷ױ̬
ǶԾ÷治ܸǮܸ㷢չǵȻҲ֧֡ԼҲоڱǰҪζҪиɾ
ͬ ҪǷˣȥԱԼ˼빤ȰǽǮźϡ
ܲܵźˣҶǮɡ
ӵǻð죬ԱǣϹǮڼá
֪ͨӽĿһݹŶٽ֮ģⶼΪźפݡ
˱ȥźˡ
źʵǹʡܵġǽ蹫ֵ¶ֻҪźͬ⣬Ȼϱʡûġ
ϾǸ㼶źϹģʮСӰ巢չ
쵼һλʮϸɲѦ
źϸ˶ǳƺΡ
ҲЦųƺѦΡ
Ѧ˵ڹ磬ӡ󣬡ǻڵǺ˲𰡡˰ɡ
ȷʵҲΪԭ﷢ũͬ־Ǯڼţһˣһ߳ҧˣ߷žҲô졣Ѱ˼źϲǸũͬ־ṩڷ𣬾ȥֵ㡣
Ѧһ۾΢ܶ𣿡
Ҳ࣬ˮÿ꼸ʮеġ
˵Żֳ͵λĽˮѦο
ȻĿǰûʮģΪʱ仹̡ͷһֻͶʣܿʼءʮڻ¡
ʮȻ޿Ƕһ˵Ѿܲˡ⻹ÿġ
ѦҲòװ
̫ˣرźϺܲסΪһЩλǰǮеģ͵Чûкá
źϾӦýũĵطǸÿ罨Ҳʵ
˹ΣҪǽֵ㶼Ҫֽ𱣻⡣ԳﵽˣҲὨ
ǻڵˮȻǷֵġ
Ƿǳϡ
ѦθˣΪũͬ־нڷ˭ܱȵźأǱԱɽѽ˵Ҳһˡ
Цŵͷ˭˵أҵһźˡȻѦξúã¶Ͷˣ
ѦЦŵһҪ룬Ҫʡ׼һûʲô⡣Ǻʵġ
Ҳ˵ЦЦȻʵźҲṩɡ
ѦΣҪ
ǰ㽨裬ⲻ׼𣿱ȥеģһ²ͶˡźϲֹΪũͬ־ṩڷͬʱҲΪʽ㽨ء

Ǯ˸飬ѦЩԥ
ʵÿô࣬ȫǽ谡
֣ⲻϹأǵģǮɲСĿ÷ǽҲ࣬͹ˡ
ÿ꼸ʮĴǼȷʵˡѦõˣǮ׼ʲô
Ҫ㷢չ׼ڹ罨гΪũṩıͬʱҲǰѹľ÷չһ¡ģǮҲӦѣ滹Ҳ졣ѦҲ֪ǹʵġϢһҲ١
Ѧϸ롣
һ㹫Ҳġ
Ͼ綼
Ҳλſ졣
ǻڹˣлȥֵ㡭
ѦҲ֪ҪԼͬʴλܾͲźȥˡȥұˡ
ôһ㣬Ѧξûǿ̸ġ
ֻҪıȳĶ࣬ǾͺáڻǮϢǴҵ񻹿׬Ǯ
Уһݴ룬һ¡ҪˣҪȥʡء
Ц󲻴󣬾ͼ򡣡
һδҲܿڴ˰˸ܰ
죬һʾĴ
ѦҲѽֵʡﵥλᱨ
˫Ը߸ˣͺ֡
һڣֵ̻ûǱʿӵǴźϸˡ
Ǯع͸ɲǿ˻ᣬҪڽһ·ȻڽֵĽλһóг
ϾͶȡ붬ǰ̡ԱǾͿԲȥˡ
Ȼָΰ˹ȫ緶Χ⡣ǰλ𡣡
εũͬ־Ҳ𣿡
ȻЩũͬ־ͦͷԵġҪֵĹũͬ־ҵǷԼĴǣһչ
ЦӦˡҲʮм顣
һũóг
Ϊ쵼¶Ҫæ·¶ԼˡǷĴ󵨵İԼͷĹá¶ҡ
ͬ־£ܸ෢չǸ˵ġ
ɲǾͷˣǲţһžҵø¶Լҵ¶ɡ


314 
ڵ
ϳ򻧿ھ񲻶, һӵ˶ࡣ
ΧҲ󣬾һ֡
ͼʮ˼ҡǿܹٺˡ
˵Щ, ȻǳԼҲǳƷˡ
Ǻ˱Ǿҵ, ҵ, Ҳûôá
˵ȥǱũͬ־áҲ޺
رũ֮ǸԵˡ
һûԴˣѡȥũ嵱ũʣµһȻеλ, Ҳеλ, ʧҵ˿ڻǶġ
ῪţЩʧҵҲԼſڰ̯ԼĶȥ̯Ҳֱ֧̫˵Ͷѡ
緢·֪ͨ, Լũóг¶һ
綼ˡ
ϵ·ʯ·ǾʱġӿݵĲߡ涼Ļš·Ҳǵصһ档
ʵÿ
߼ʱ򷹶Բ˵·ˡ
·˵, Ǻʵ¶˵Ҫ, ϵľǶʮڴϾ˭ϣԼſһƯ·, ǲƽʯ·
ũóгǾ͸ˡ
綼г, ˵֧Ⱑ, Ժͷſֽˡ
ҽũóг, Ժ˿϶Ͷˡ
ԺЩҲܶˡ
֮ǰֻũ¸, ΪһԱ, ǳ򵽱˵, ûմ, ڴƽˡô׶ӣûһߡ
ϸҲǣ绹ũͬ־࣬ũͬ־ҪûǮЩ˭أ
ũͬ־ԣˣ׬Ǯܶ
һĻϲڴ·
֪ũóг֮󣬵סŵһ˶û׼Լ⡣λòõģȥˡ
Ҳвֵũͬ־ϢģҲϽȥռλã׼⡣
ũóгȻûʼ̯λǺΣܿͱˡ
Ͼ𲻹һǮһĵط⡣õıץͶѣҲɹܵġ
λϲϲĺ㱨ʱ򣬹Ľϵ·ҲѾˡҲ·ӵġָֻ·Ļ
·ˣԺ˾͸ˡﶼԣˣҲҪøҲ·Ҫ븻··¸Ⱦ̻ˣҲ쳧񹤣ӡ
ЦҪǷչˣˡ
Ҳã˶˲źø㽨衣
δֺ͸ˡ
һҪ
ԺҪΣޡţҲ֪ܸܲɵǸʱ
ɵʼũóгҲʼڵػʱúĵ绰Ҳˡ
ֵͨˣԺ󻨸ҲҪúˡ
ǿ̫ˣΪǰѽص㶼źˣǹ칫ұϡǲ֪Ҫô衣ˣǽⰡһ׼ǹɳͰǸڡ
ǲݻ
ѦĲˡ񣬵ȹȥѡֵĵص㡣
˵绰ʮֺõڰ칫ҵıϿ˿
Ȼ糤ڴӴǮ¶ôˡ
˼źϵľҪ ӣһҲٰ
ô˼Ҵ㽨ġ
糤ЦŵӶûʲô⣬˵˵ãǿ϶á㡣
ü
糤ЦˣҪû˾͸ٲˡ
ũͬ־ʵҲʵòãҪܴܲӡ
жԺҵĹҲźϡ
糤Цˣ۹ĸɲ׼档ǰ̫ԶȥڶڼſˣȻźϰȫһϢء
ֹɲǣӵԱҲʼźˡ
֮ǰ֪Ǯܴ
ϾǮԼҿ϶õġ
㷢չǮͶˣڶҲġ
ֳֻǱʷֺ֮⣬ԼһֵصǮԼ롣
ΪͶ޶ÿ̶ֻܹͶʱ䣬ǮǶǷԼŵġ
ڶɲǸǮĺôֹȫϢ֮Ҳʼǡ˵صشĵλ֮󣬴Ҿһ㶼ûԥˡ
˵Ļܼ
˵õģǿ϶áҪȻҲרȥˡ
Ƕõ˰¸ѻѣ˼ҼİܼܹܹܡѣԲʱ򣬻ҲǮء
ûһ˵ǲõġ
ԴҲֹųǮʴӣʲôʱԿʼǮ
ȥʹ磬֪úѾڽˣܴǮҾͷˡȥʰʰԼжٴ
ԱЩ֣Ӹɲǻͦдġ
˵ǺԱϤףҪ˵ǻȲǡ
ԭ̤̤ʵʵıܵõҵκְ֧
Щԭûʲô׷Ļɲǣ̬Ҳıˡ
ֵ϶ڸ㽨衣ϵ·Ҳһˡ
·޺ˡ
ЩԱµʱ򣬼ϡ·ԡ
ϵľҲÿߣͼʡ
·ãر
ףӵĸɲǹʱ򣬿·Ҳһۡ
ǳô󣬶û߹ôµ·ء
ﵹ·ǻǻҽǣȽȥǶ·ˡ
ЦŵҶŬ׬Ǯ꣬һ·
ӳǲ룬òǮɡ
顣
Ӹɲһ¡
ǶĵλȻʼ׬ǮˣǻҲ󰡡άӪҲҪǮġ
ЦЦҲû˵Ͼ˶ŸõĶģǲǮͷԣˣޣƶء
ϵ·ԼũóгȣźȽõġ
Ϊһֵ㣬ǽҪҪ̫ߡٲ޽⡣
ΪÿǮ˵ȥţҲǰѹ̨ι̱յ㡣
źϿҵ죬͵õϢԱʹӸɲǣԼһȥǮˡ
Ϊ½ķֵ㣬ĸѦʱҲ
˵۾
⹫Ա˼ͦȽ֪Ǯˡ
Цһ͵źϵĺˣǶǮѦΣ˵ʵ۵öԵЩԱ
Ѧεǲ˵ģЩǮ϶ȫ
һĴӹҺ˽˴ʹﵽʮˡ
Ѧʮ⡣
ϾһɼҲһġ˭ﾺء
ｨֵ㣬̫ˡ
ߵʱ򣬻úõлʾԺ졣
Цŵͷũҵеͬ־ֵ㡣
ǮƷͣԺ֮侺ǿǮƷá
˵Ҫ


315 
ź, ︱糤ΰѹʹˣɳֱӰźϸˣܰȫˡ
Ҫ˸ź¶, ǻǵӳͷȥˡ
źҵȶˣҲȥźϷ̸ֵ˸ҵ
ǴģԭǸԱӵǳ˸Сɲˡ
Ϊҵܶ, 漸ûʲô, ελЩġµʱ׷ɵĲá
̸ҵͷĶˡ
̸ҵԱǹʷŵ⡣
ԺĲ񲻽ʷŵÿˣȥúֱӴ򵽸˻ȥ
һ, ൱úÿ¶һʴ
˺ÿ㡣
ҲӵλҲôɡʡȥܶ鷳
ֹŹʸ, Թ˵Ҳϡ
λοɸм쵼ˡ
ͳû˽һЩͷеĴߡ
˽֮󣬷Լ⻹кܶᰡ
ȻҲäĿȥҪԼΧ֮ڲСҪ֤ܻ֮ġ
ҪȻʹ, ȻһծԼһΣеˡ
ôǲΪǮˡȻǸˣ֯еǮġ
źϽû, ũóгҲˡ
δȥɨһͨ, ɾ֮, ͺ㱨˹ȡ
ǾԪڰ, ·Ҳ޺, ʱǿúһ, ٴ·ߵũóгȥ, ˫ϲš
һ, ⶼҪʮѮ, ҵøϽ̻Ƕȥ̯λú, ׼š
ƵĿ죬ʮѮͿʼްˡ
ҲյԼѼĹĴˡ
յôһʱǺܾϲġ
Ͼ˴Ԫһθﰡ
һ𿪣һװɫĳ޷ֳֺ񡣲ʱ򣬹ǿž;ůˡ
޷һ˫Ƥѥȫë
Ͻԣֽʵرʺƽʱܵˡ
޷װɫģ̫ࡣ׼ͷ״ţҪȻϴ
ܵĶԣǺϲЩģоرʵڡ
ҪǸͻܻҪ˷ѡ
µ޷Ƥѥ˵ĸϷĵ绰
绰ǱߵĹܼҽӵģ˵ҪԪ֮󣬾͹ˡ
˴ʮӣԪ绰Ŵ
ĵҲԪˣҪǻ˱£ôͨҲˣ÷ˡ
ǰͦöԲԪ飬û뷨ˣԪͬ־ʮһٲĹϵ
յˣرů͡ô뵽޷
ǽģͼֽʱ;úʺ㡣⼸䣬Ҿ͸Ĺȥˡ
رãҺϲлл㡣Цŵû׼Ϊ֧źϵͬ־ҰǮźˡȡˣԷ
ԪЦ˶٣
ҲЦ벻һͷġ
ټӵ裿ȥԵ֡
áˬһӡ
ҸߦƤԪڵ绰ͷֹסЦ
ôŮӰһ޷ˡ㡣
ʵֻҪԸ⣬ԼԸ͸·鱦͹Щ̫̫һžʵ
Ҳ񲻻Ը⡣
ף͵ǻ鱦һˡ
ֻ˵㹤
ԪǰҲҪǰƣΪƵͶҲˣù˳׾Ͳˣһϼҹꡣ
ҵæˣ߸·ιͿԿˣһر·
Ԫ黹ͷһ·ģ·ж
ɼŮжϲ·ˡﻹ΢΢ᣬԼܻһ·
ƫƫϲЩƷʡ
룬ﻹҪϿɵģ޵·Ȼˡ
ƶ죬ˣҴһ֪ˡĺۿֵжɣˣ·
ԭҪһһ߰ӦȷʵЩڴˡ
һ绰˶㡣
ڴʱ档
ǰûѺûʲô𡣵ҲˣиĶƵʱ˵˵ο͹ҲǺ˷ɵġ
رֺʱů͸ůˡ
׼пҲȥëԪ֯һë
ȻԼ֯ûǸաҲûǸʱ䡣
֯
ЩǮ˲ʲôֹưֹ֯һ߶ֹëΧ
·Ҳû᲻ôʹˡ
ЬҲˣôôܲ·˸ܵˡ
ν칫һ㱨һˣǣ·ÿģûʽ
޷ҶոҼĹġЦŵ
Ц֪·ءǽˣϾôʱû档
ԪڹŵϢɶأ֪λš׷Ķ
Цȷʵ
óϣһϣȲԪ
ϸ룬ԪҪǿһ㡣Σ֪֪˭֯Χ֯ĺã֯Χ
εǻأͷϸҸõģ׼͵ӡ
ҪҸʹġ
һ£ȻЦˡУʹͬ־ˣǿԻСأҲƢԴ׵͡
ǿټ

Ԫ죬ֵʱ
ԭľ֮⣬ЩӵԱҲǰ֪ϢˡҲ֪ͨҲ˵ũóгŻݣŻԱۼˡ
Ҷ޺õ·ӽֵһͷһֱǰ濴ͷ
һֹ̣ϵľ񣬻ũͬ־ΪڵԸıˡ
ڴڵĸı䣬Ҳδĸı䡣
޵ĺˣҶ档
վڹ档
ͬ־ǣǻĽֵ޺ˣ
еԱǶһơ
¶ԷθЦݣȻĿ
ϲǽ;ô
Ц޹·ǲɷϣһ·޵ÿġɻ˲Ǯ
ҲֵЦ
Ϊ˶ԵǮԣҸȡ˸رʵڵ֡Ƹ·ҲϣԺ·¸
̫ʵˣ
ԱǸ˵ЦŹơ
Ҫȡĸߴϵ֣ǿܻƸ֣ûһ˲ϲġͼͼϲ졣ؼرĵĿŸϽ¸ء
ȻôϲǲƸ·ˣڣǾһ¸·ȥ
˵³ŸɲǺԱǰߡ
ߵм·ڣҾͿũóгˡ
վſڣָũóгǹԼгԺԶطȥˡ
ũóгſϵĺ첼¶ũóг֡
洫һʳζ
Цŵڣ¿ţÿÿ̯λһëǮȥȥƾ̯λƱǵȥг칫һëǮһëǮ࣬ͼ⡣
һǮԱļˡ֮ǰǱǱǮ⡣
һëǮôˣܶˣ
ӻǽȥ֮󣬴ҸϽһѷȥˡ
Щô飬ɲǶˡ
ٴҪԱ֮͵͵ĸȡ˸ţǮǣרŸԱǮġ
ɿ˼⣬־õøĸģ׬Ǯǡ


316 
粹һëǮǰ¿ũóгˡ
ܶؼҾ͸Ͻʹӵ˵ˡ
ӵ˵һв, ԶҾũóгܡ
ֻΪ㲹¶ٿͻϢǴȥ, ҲøũóгôطᵽҪȥũóг
·ũóг֮, Եֶˡ
ǰҲżԱũƷ, ڻÿ춼
رũóг涫࣬ѡ࣬ЩпҲתת, ͺʹһġ
޷, ŴҲЦݡ
Աߺڸ˵ũҵչƻ
֮ǰȥһӣʡ֮, ȥʡǴһЩӺֲԼĥȻ׼Ҳũʵһ, Ҫǿ, ͸
, ֮ǰֲִҲ, Щ߲˳ر, ԼũֵľǺöˡһͷһο˼ôֲ˵, ǵûɱҲȷʵá׼ԼһسԿҪǿ, ҿҲƹ㡣
˵˷ܡ
֮, ǵڶθоũҵԭҲܶǮء
ǰûֲ, ˼ˡ
ũǶгԵ, Ҳ󡣱Ͼڼʱÿٶȱ˳Եġ
ɺǸһᣬȥһˣѹͲ㰡
ջߣͷҸ߶ದһũͬ־һ롣
Уҿ϶á
ŵ
쵼ãֻҪ¶֧֡
ͬ־ֻҪͷҾͺ룬רŸũóгԺܱߵˡǵĲ˻ԹӦʡǡǿǴгʼ죬ֲһЩԷŵĲˣǻ߸ԶĵطֻҪֵĳ۲
ļˣ˿²裬ǣұٴκ֤һøˣ
ЦˣУģͳɹһˡ
ĥţ߲Щֲ߲֮󣬻ֲһЩˮ
гǹġ
ֻҪЩũͬ־ܿɾˡ
ֲЩɱʳǮ졣ȻҪ֣ũҵӲƷȫˡ
ɫˣԿ
Ԫµףͽӵĵ绰
÷˶ĸĵһڵ¥ˣˮܺ͵߶ͨˣҪȥμӷⶥʽա
ϢҲǸ˵ġ
Ȼһֱûȥ￴Ҳͦǡ
ֻԼ÷ˣ͸ɴϢ÷һֱû绰Ȼһ˳ġ
Ҳ뿴ɹ
ûȥˮ˾ֱȥ¥ߡ
ϴʱѾһˡ
֮⣬Ա߻ڸ㽨裬¥ҲΪԺӣʰͦ룬ľ
Ƕߵϸѡˣ˷ܵĺˣ
˼ˣӵ˵ˣҪܲμʽ֮󣬲ȥӡ
ҶȲȥιء
Ц߹۾Ҳڴ⼸ӡ
һڵķӣ¥ġ
һ¥һ¥Ļ˼ҡһ
ڵİˣһַӵǾͻܿճ䷿
ʱû˷֡׼Աס
ЩӣĻ;;ʮƽû̯ģһһһرǸܼܾסġ
иʮƽģܼסġ⻹ʮƽģͨԱġ
ʮƽʮƽ޳Ķҵġ㹻СͥסˡⷿӣĿǰ˵رġ
ΪλЧ治Уû·ӣǴӶϾˡʳƷⷿӣֹ޵ש߷ǽˢһˮ࣬Ͳˡ
˾˼ˣַⶥʽ
ʽʵǷһ½ȻһЩǹӡºܼ򵥣Ҳӡ
ΪԺסƽƽ˳˳
ùԱһЩľֵģԼˮ˾Ĺˡ
ȲӣЦ˵ˣҳŵǵļңڽˣǳŵҪŬĻɲˡ
Ц
ףԺס·ӣ
ҵĹơԱıݶģֵġ
ӵһЩǹ֮Ĺ÷ַӵĹϾԺǹǵļˡ
ԺǮõķӣҲδ֮ء
ҪַӵһϲЦտģûַӵģĽѡ
°־ҪŬȡշַӡ
ʽ֮󣬼˾ݶƬ߸ϣ൱Ƿⶥˡ
ȥˣҲϸ£ÿӶһ顣һĹҲڿ˷ڲĽṹˡ
ÿһ䷿ģġסԼСķˣһ˼һСˡ
ҲԼòӸˡ
ѡ
֮ļǩ֡ȻùԼȥͷȥȻ˵λ֮󣬾ͳǩַӡһ¥Ƕ¥ȫˡ
Ҫǲ⣬ͷ˽ˣ˫ͬҲȥλ
Ҹ˲ѣϽȥָԼҵĻˡ
ͳ÷һȥ͡
һηַͳ÷Ƿֵľʮƽķӣ˶ʮֵʮƽġ
ǲ׼סģϾˮ˾ã뿪֮ҲҪȥġҳڹ繤ҲûҪռӡԵûôⷿӡ
ǳ÷ܼĿʮƽķӡ
̫ˣҼҾˣͷô𰡣÷Щš
һˣҲôҪϸչ˾׳¶
ͱǰ֪һЩλַ߰¶ʲôƾݹϵִܷ֮ģЩԱֵͥģȥڴһ֣Ҳַܷӡùķʵʵ̤̤ʵʵɻĹˡ
ȫס
˾٣׬˶٣ͷֶķӡ
жٿˣǺ͹˾ûϵġ˾ؾ˭ҲΥ
÷ͬ־üţ˾Ȼʱ򲻽飬ûأø˳ԿԲ򲻵ѣҪȥ
÷ͷǣҾסˡ
Ķ֪˵ʲôˣ۾δҪס·ӡʹݶҸˡ
ܣѡӰɣס¥¥¶С÷
Ц˵عأþͲˡҲ顣סҲС
÷˼ЦЦס¥£һ¥ֵ㻨ݲݡҪס¥Ͳôʪ񶼺á
ΪԼضңûּ顣
ǿ÷ôӣҲܵӰ졣
ñҸԼҲܸܵҸ
ʱҸʵô򵥡
ţԼԺǵˣҲȱطס֯Ӷǡ
ܺҸˡ
ѷÿ䶼֮󣬳÷ŻˣЦ񣬡ܣȥ糧ˮ֮󣬾Ϳͨˮͨˣ۽ǲǿ԰ꣿ
ڴ
ֹѾ귿ӣǵԱҲڴ
ȻԣӿҲǿšǴЩࡣ
࣡ͬ
ЦУǾͰ꣡


317 
˵λ, ôǩˡ
ͳ÷Ҳˡ
÷˶¥ҪҪĻ, ֲ˵
ЩݺʣԺû׼ҲҪֲһЩ
÷Ц, ֪, Сʱֺܶࡣ¼رÿҪŵùңҸ֡
Ц, ż, Ժ˵ɣʱҲȥʲôʱңҪҪҰæ
, ǼûʲôЩ׼á˵꣬, , ʲôʱȥ, ȥ֮ǰܲȥҼҳԶٷ, Զٷ, ·ӳԡ
ȥҲ, ʱæ, ûȥ
ŴҰ¼, Ҳ׼Ŵո, , 㿴ʱ䣬Ҷ°˺֮ǰڡ
÷ĴӦˣ˲ѣҵʱǰ˵
̫ˡ
һֱлľˣܹԶٷȻ˶ıҲǺõġ
磬÷ȥˮ͵糧Ǳ߾ͨˡ
ĩҶ׼Ѽ˴ȥʰӡȻʼҡ
ȻҲнȲȥӵġ
÷˰࣬ȥ˹ŮȻȥ·Ǳߡ
ݶַˣܴķӣ
÷ĺ͹Ů
ݶ֮ǰȥĵ𣿡ִԲ۾޺
ţ޺зˣмˣ
ĸŮ˸˵ȥ·ϻˡ
һ·ͬеֵġ
Ȼ޵ĵطǸҲס˵ģ塣
һ£ӵλ߹ŵҪСʱܵгҲʮӵ·ˡ
Щгˡ
ˮ˾ĹʲֶͣǸɲ͸ гġµģɵҲС
÷Ҳ׼ˣҪǹŮҪѧúһȥ
Ȼ˼ҺӶôɵģǴݶСʱԿ̫ˣӺˣҲҪӸõ
ݶҲڿԼҵ·ӡ
رС̨
ԺӵԼķˣ鷿дҵ
ﻹС̨ɹֵ̫㶫
ɹ·Ҳˡ
裬ⷿ󰡣ôáݶˡ
÷ЦǰôõķӣɶǵλֵءԴݶԺҲҪõ˰ҪԼӡ
ţݶСĵͷ
Ȼ˵ıų÷̫˲ˣ
÷Ҳ˱Ů˶ЦһҸ
ΪƶûװҲû֮ǰָϽؼң·ţһʰӣȻȥҾгҾߡ
ȼʰˣһҪԷʱݶҪò
ţһúдհ̵ġԽа𣿡
ннȽ˵ݶǺͬһģǿ϶а̡нͰ˱ˡܲò
÷Ȼԡ
ΪҪؼҹ꣬׵Ҳæµһѣߵĸ붬һ
رǽοʹһҪá
ȥϷĹ˽û꣬ҲҪЩǽһ¡
ǩĺԼһ꣬Ҫһꡣһ꣬Ժܺͼһ
оǸֳĹҪźáǧ붬ʱ⡣Ҫá
ֻ˼ʱ俪˼ȫӵĻ飬ԽĹɹһܽᣬδĹһĹ滮
úڻϷˣ˵һЩֲ߲ļƻ
ЩӸɲֻˡǰ֪ԭũ׬ǮҲͦװ
ܽᣬһ鱦أҪֿЩԴǹͬ¸ҲȽˡҪѡ¸ӡƷ۾ӡ
ˣҪѹˡ
Ȼ˭ҲûòС
Ͼ·ǰˣֻҪúøɣܷչֻɵӲŲء
ǲɣԱҲⰡ
˲ƵԱǳͷȫ׬Ǯ׬ǮǰһúŪˡ
һıǻ
¶֮ôɢᡣ
߳칫ҵʱνһζ
üŻذ칫ңͿڻɳϵˡ
ŻɫĴ£ڿӣľɳ϶ſ΢Ц
۾һ˵Ľôˣûǰ˵һ
һϲ
ԪվһӵЩ˼˽⵽Ů֮뻹ǱȽԶġ
ԥʱ߹һ¡ӭĵ
ԪžϲĻر
˵Ҳ֣Ȼ˼ûУͨҲǼټٵġǼ澹Ȼûĸо
·ǰòżһ
ƺϴδڵķֱڲǰ
ϵ绰˲ŷֿ
ȥӵ绰
绰ǳ÷ģȥԷ
ˬĴӦˡ
˵绰֮Ԫʵʲô飬ôˣ
пڷˣҳԷ
ҪԼϯû˻Ů˵ĴӦ׼ʲô
ͼҳ̫¡ءﵹкӣҸľߡ֮ľˡ
Ԫȥ׼æ
ҲûҪĺɲ⡣
ٴλص칫ңԪ鵹ûһҪ¶ɴȥΣΧ֯û
͸ùˡЦŴӳóһϴװΧ
Ҫ˵ôܵ칫أǿŰϸġԪˣżϽȥûˡ
Χװɫġ
ëٻ˾ȥ˶ģʡûĺû
֯Χһλɵϰ̣֯ëΧ׵ġ
֪Ǹ֯Χóʮֵˣ֯رÿ
Լԣرпһ䣬ë
ϴÿ
ɴԼһҪװˡ
ص칫ңԪѾˣϷŶΪȥԷ׼ġ
Լڿűֽ
Ϳˡ
֪Цæˣ
ЦŵͷʵûзҺ͸ոе㲻һ
Ԫϸÿˣ
üͷٿ˵ʲôûУ
ԪЦΧ
ˡЦ߹ΧժĽ
Ԫһ㶣ȫûӦů¶ڲϵʱŻȻǸˡ
жȺģΧ
׼ģողû㡣
Ԫʵû
԰˸֯ġ㲻ֹƣ
Ԫ̲סЦˣͷ㣬ȷʵֹƵƷʡ󡣡
Ȼ֯ģëǧġ
ǸֱӵˣҶãҾ֪ãϲģҲ֪Լ¾ˡ
̫ˡװ׸
Ԫ黹һףŮΪ˸֯ΧȻǧȥѰëߡ
ָ˵ı˱ллرϲյõ
֮£־Լ֮ǰ͵Ķ̫ˣ壬
°һѣȡ׵ĲƸ·
ѾѩˣΪ˲ѩ߰ããģмѩϴĸɸɾģһɫ
Ԫ˵Ǻƽķ羰֮£ҲȻȻľ·ȷʵ岻ͬ
ϵ·ǧǧ򣬵Ǻĳһ߹·ֻôһЩ


318 
÷Ӻܺʡ
շż١
ƽʱûзż, һʮ죬޲öæһ졣
εѵõķ˸١
Ҳϰ࣬ȥԷһǺͶһţҲû۾, ԼĨ㡣
Ӻ, ɹ, һ, ȻȻľͰ׻ˡ
ΪᣬƽʱԵҲ㲻, İ͸ġ
΢΢һЦ, ݡ
Ϊװһ£Լɫ޷һйΧԽİ͸ˡ
ٴһװεСñ, ߳š
, ԪѾŶ˺һˡ
ƽʱ, Ҳ֪ʱ, ľͱȽ硣
ֻǽ쵹ѵõһ
Ϊ̫, Լ㵽Ҳû溰
, ̧ͷһͿ¶ƤЦݡ
ûǺڿŰ۾ڵ˫ˮĴ۾¶ɡ͸һŵЦ⡣
Ԫ΢΢žޡ
ʲôء߳, 
ԪЦҶ󡣺Ư˺ܶ, , ٲЩ羫Ů, ΨһĶ;޵ĸо, ΨΪ⡣
ʵ, Ǵôã͵һηҺÿû֮ǰǿҲദʱġ
ƽʱûע⣬ԪţͿһ㣬ڻվǻſȥˣû
ɻȻˣʱλĺĺޱӱ˿ˡඪ¶
߰ɣˡ΢
ãԪЦŵͷʵǺ棬֪ʱڿʲô뻹ûʡвĵʱ򣬶˸
ţ˲ѩ
ھӡ
·ü˶񿴣һ档
Ȼ͵͵ڱۣ̫õľ˭ôÿԣԪôҺͱŮͬ־ô㳤ĺÿҲУ
Ϲ㣬ûǴ·ǣ
ǣͦ񡭡ôÿ
ϻһֱǺÿ
ͦģһˡ
̫ˡ
ǵò鹫칫ҵʱѾԪ鵽ˮְԺ¥ˡ
ָָԼõķӣָҵģסˡ
Ԫ֪ӣЦЦϲʲôķӣ
ˣҲûҪİǼҡ
ԪĬĬ仰İǼҡ
ʮе
﷿ٶ࣬Ҳ
һʱر𰲶ͬ鳲
˵Żھͳˣһ£׼˭Ȼϸ񣬡ܣ
ܰҲˣ
ǰˮ˾ĿͷѣͷңҸհȻϸ񣬾ܽ治һ
ЦҶǹ÷ͬ־Էġ
áܸϽԪк
Ԫ΢΢ףá
кҲûԪ¥
һֱĿ뿪ȻתȥԼ˵ﰡҸտˣ찡ûϳж󣡡
Ҳã찡֪ʲôһˡ
ŹΧΧȹһĪĿ
¥ϳ÷ţҲһѣֻ̬ȽȣֻЦŵܣӭ
ȻԪ顣Ҳӭ
Ԫ߶ˡ
Ц绰ʱҲˣҾͰˣûǰ˵
Һܸˡ÷Ц
尢̣ӭǡ
ݶһ̧ͷˣЦ⡣
ŷֳ÷߻һء
ֻǸӲߣջû
һݶ;У졣ƺʶ
÷ЦǽֺǽܣҹŮݶ
ݶСϤ
Сﳤһ˫ۣһЦۡ
ԭǺģԲˣҲŸɰˡ
黨裬ġ
ݶĿɰ
ݶЦˡ
÷Ԫ˲ˮԼŮⲻ˽ѧϰرأ
ݶҿһˡ
ѽҲϲѧϰõĺӡ
Ҳ֪֮ǰ÷ĸŮǺܲõġ⺢鶼ܹѧˡ
óԪһЩľߣλģ͸㡣
ݶžľߣ˵Ĳˣлл尢̡
Ԫ΢Цŵ
÷żˣôණҾֻǳԶٷ
ҲҪݶöôһء
ţԼʮͷͳɰˡ
źڵҲֻأҲֻȻˡ
ܻȥˣá
÷кһ£ôݶչԼȥ
Ǵһ·ӡ
Ҿ߲࣬ǲõĺܰ
ݶ尢̣ҪιһǼ𣿡
Цݶ룬ȻҪ
Ԫ鵹ûȥŮͬ־ļң࿴ɳϺŲ裬Ŵ⡣ȻʹݶЦ
Цݡ
ͬ־ϲӡ΢΢˶䡣
ݶ˵ĴȥԼķ䣬鷿ȥ˼̨
Ż裬ﶼżѾݵҶӵ͡
ȣֵӣ
ţݶ·߿ҰӣûҪġҾÿ
ӣֿҲݶ
βOܲãgд÷ȡ˵ϱϲӣҪȡӵֲ֣Ҳ˺þòŸ鵽ġѧʱһλرʦġ
Ȼһ£һʵǴݶд𣬽Ҷ
ҶݡݶҰְָȡ֡ΪǴСŮЩ
ȴסˡ
ΪϤһֺ
Ҷࡣ
֡
Сʱ߶˵˭Ҹĸȡ֣úࡣ
࣬ˣܲ
ǵϸ΢Ĳƺһ¾֤ˡ
·һ˺ܾǰļ䡣ѹݶ죬УܾһȵְֺڵҪ졣
ΪݶСʱ̫ˡ
۾֣Ǵ˳˵ࡣ
֪賤ʲôӵʱ򣬾ͻվӣžԼԼӰӡ
ڵĴݶѧӾһģ
Ҷ𣿡ʵЦţ۾ȴЩ졣
ݶЩţУоհ̺ˣǻͷǽҶݡ
Цˣǰ϶ǵġޱȿ϶
ͬҲϲӵĴݰ
۽ǵһֿٵĲˣⲻ˱ԹЩäɨäģرǸɲֶ࣬ʲôɲӵݣǵд͵ࡣдͱϹдҲʱģôˡ
ݶհ̣Ҳ͵࣬ŮԵݡСŮ˼
֪˵Ǳˣ˲дء
Ҳ̫̫ˡ
ݶί˵˱̫ˡ
ǰ̫ˡЦſƺ뿴һ仨ԭСʱѽСʱء


319 
ݶܸоհ̵Щ仯, Ҳ֪ΪʲôЩĵʣǲʲôˣ㲻𣿡
û֣ݶررá
Сʱ, ˶˵, ررõˡ˭, ƢҲáָرá
ĸɲǰͬ־, ʱͺ¡ֱˮˣһӦǲΣյȥˮ̫, ˶ϲ, ϵҲȲˡ
֪ˣʱźӵ, Ȼˮû
ɲǸ, ְߵʱҲġ
Ҳ˹¶ˡ
ôݶԼ̲ס, һѱס, °ͷĲϡݶôôأ
ݶ֪, ǻǱס, ıͺǰʱһ
оհ̺ڿޡȻ֪ΪʲôҪοο
뵽ĵˡ
ʱҲ뵽ְ־ͻޡ
뵽Ҳޡ
Ҳ֪Ƕš
Ҳװ֪հ̿˵ġ
ԼıϵС, ֹסˣ۾, ȴ, ̲סЦ
谡, ڤڤעԵ
Ͱְֵıӡ
񿴵ְˡ
һ, ÷Ŵݶ֡˲ɿ˴ˡ
Ѿ, ֻ۾Щ졣
ݶհ̣Ҫġ˵ѶǻȥģӻԽԽõġǰĵ¶ͱˡ
ˣ˵ĶԣӻԽԽõġݶлл㣬رġ
ݶЦˣųȥҳ÷
÷ôݶʰӣ׼ϲˡ
̨˻磬оԼ״̬ƽ˲ų
Ԫ黹ǵһʱ䷢ĲԾϸ۾
УǴڻվҲһ˫۾
ǿ޹ˣ
ĵüͷôˣ
ո뵽һЩرĵ¶ЦˡĵЦݣЦݿ٣ԪҲ׼顣
񷴶תȥﴺݶˣݶ˲ˡ
÷ڳ⻰͵ܣô˼أ
û¶Ҿϲʹݶţرá
ݶ˼ˡСͮͮġ
÷ҲЦˣЩԺ
ݶ軹Լء÷ͬ־Լţ
ôΪ¶ģ
񲻸룬÷һԸᶨˣΪʲôûˡ
û⣬ӣڰˡʮ㲻ܳΪ󸻺ҲġҲС֮ҡ
ӣ÷ЦŽΧȹԪ
ﵹû׼ƣ÷ˮ
ˮд˶ǱȽӵˡ
÷ԪЩǸ⣬˵û׼ãдܡ
ԪЦҡͷ˵ؿ
ԣÿҲϲѬģԵǼҳҲӦꡣ
Ԫüۿ˿ЦŵͷţƽʱȺƣ˭ȵĶࡣ
׼ͳ÷̸һЩϵ¶ģΪôݶʮаˡ裬ȫڴݶˡһֱźʹݶйص¶
գ
ȳ÷һ˵͸ȷˡ
ͬգͬꡣ
ûһ˿Ļˣ衣
鼤ȴҲñֻܰĵףݶ֣ݶôСôأǺúӡҿرϲ
÷ҲЦ̾Ǻܹɣǰҳ˲࣬ûࡣҲûǰ֡ʱٹҹŻؼңһڼ䷹
ŶۡǰȻǹ¶ɺôûôͶеطԷ
ټҷ治˵˵ѡ
˵һҪлܣ÷ˮӣҵþлҵĻᡣ
ϽӣʲôѽʲôллģܽλְҲĺá
ҪȻѣҲǲ˽ġ
÷ϵ˵ĻҪûҺʹݶ;ûõĺӣ֪֪֮ǰڽعģǰ¥ȥһ˽˾ǰͬ¡ǾȻˡʯ˺Щˡ
˵÷أҪҽˮ˾϶ҲҪȥ˽ģҾһˡȣҺʹݶҲû
治֪磬¶ͷ͵һ
ѵΪ
Ϊѳ÷ľûˣССҲ˹¶
Ҷ˵Ϊ¶ĴݶҶ˸ҲԹĲá
ˣ۵۾ˡ
ҪʹʵڿƲסĸпҺúõģ÷ͬ־ԺɶҪúõģúñ塣
÷ЦллܣһġôãһҪŬرλҲҪúݶء
ͷôܶԡ
ȻֺʹݶݶҲҪúõģҪһֱӡ
ݶһģһҪŬѧϰӣҲҪˡñ˶Կࡣ
ɸжˣСʱҲá
һٷ꣬᲻ߡտ裬ôߡ
ݶȥ֡
÷ô鷳أ
û¶ҺϲȥתתҺҶҲҪתתġ
Ԫ΢ЦȻûԼ
÷ҲʹӦˡ
һģܴ˶ŷ㣬Ҳûȥ
ֻݶҪ£
ݶɵӦˡʵҲϲհ̡Ȼһμ棬оհرãҲϲԼӡ
ԾúС
ΪһСԹͷĺӣݶϧԱ˵ĺá
ţͽסݶ֣Ԫ鶼˲ˡ
Ԫ΢΢ζǿݶССĸͷ־ԼԽԽˡһӶζʵڲ󷽡
Ц˫ֲ嶵ȥӰ
ǻԼʱҪȥĵط
ô俴ʲôӰȥݶöණء
ݶŰ֣ҪҪﶼСʲôȱ
򰡣ҲﲻġЦſ
ݶô죿
ԪЦſ۸СҲףհƽʱûʱǾͳȫɣòã
һϿҵ˵ŻݶҲþܾˣͷǣҪ
ЦЦǳŴݶעʱ͵͵Ԫ첲һ¡
۸ݶ
Ԫͬ־ɲУ֪˭𣿣
Ԫĵط̲סЦˣԭԼҲ׵ʱ
һ·ٻ˾ȥ
İٻ˾Ȼ󣬵ǸеĻǶеġ
ݶٹ䣬Ϊ¼ˣ÷ҲȻܽʡҪǮаȫС
ճƷѧϰƷٳ䡣
ͲһˣֻԴݶ
֮ǰڵҲ˶Ļȥأܲܺ˱ˡ
ݶﵽ⣬ϵ¶ðһСѧϰƷ
ݶˣá
һ޹ݶҾ
öǮݶŶˡ
̫˷ˡ
һκҾ㶫ǰТ˳ûء
ݶû취ˣһϿҵıˡ
æһ磬һѶʱ񻹸ݶһǺ«
ǰеʱ򣬾ͿһҪǺ«ĺһǺ«
ʱرĽĽԵģĽǸΧ
Ϊӡ̣Ǽǵá
ݶض£
һš
ιԪ顣
ԪЦҡͷ岻ʳ
ԣҳԡ
ݶιһţʵ𣿡
𣡡Ц
ݶԼһţȻ۾ӵرءеġ
Цŵͷǰдᣬ˵رĵʱ򣬲ܳζ
ݶԺ׬ǮˣҲհ򡣡
ãҵš
ԳԺȺȣСģһֱˣŰѴݶͻؼҡ
÷ĶһҪ
ҲòϣҲ˻ȥɣ̫ûˡΪҡ
÷Ҳ̫ƷˡܳԸı⡣ôƷѡ
û¶ҿģ⡣ҾϲݶЩ׬ǮԼĵҪǺôƽϣ̫ˡ
˵ˣ÷Ҳþܾˣܣлл㡣Ҳ֪ôлˣԺݶˣТ˳
񣺡ɲء
뿪÷Цſ죬Ѿɵˣȴʮ
˵Ԫ֡
ԪͲˣƽʱܲһ
ƺǸݶĺйأôϲǸСŮ
ررϲﻹЦ⣬ҲҪϲ
ԪȻɻ󣬵ǻЦãȻϲϲҶϲ
ּһ䣬Ҳϲ㣬Ǿͺˡ
ԪüЩѰˣûͺദľ顣


320 
Ȼռ, ǵûؼҹꡣ
ôܼ棬Ҳö᲻áǺþûռ͵ˣҲⲻ˸ˡ
˺ţͺԪˡ
˵, ;Ҫת
ȻԪг, ڶ, ضѩ, ·;ңԶʵڲȫԻȽϺʡ
̳, һ, Ԫһ̰˼һϳܲͳȥˡǸ˽˿ռ䡣
ڳ￴Ŵ, Ҫܻؼ, Ҳͦġ
û, Ҳ֪˶ô, үүǲǻ, ָûСǱүүսǷˡ
ҶӳʲôˡûС
ְֺڵǲǻ, Ƿ׳ûС
̲סЦЦƫͷͿԪ濴
ʵ겻ȥ¶үү˵𣿡
˵ˡԪͷ
үѹͲزع, ҲһġҶǷŹġ
εΪȥ꣬ˡسû䳰ȷһ
δӼͥ, һ, ҵļͥϵЩӡ, Ժ󲻺һ
Ц, ҵļͥϵҲ, ţ˵ǺǣҰǡԺҲúǽӴ
ţȻһЦˡ
оĪƣǲΪͥԭˡ
ԪпԵֶ񰡡
ԺΪˡ
ȻЩĿġ
Ļ룬ԵֻǺģռͻôء
Ԫ飺
΢΢һЦԺ󣬲ĻҲˡ
Ԫ΢㶣ȻҲЦˣġ
עԺˣע顣ҪȻҲŴҲ
Ԫûкͼ˵Ҫһȥ¶ʱҪ֡
Ȼ˵ˣҲ֪ô֡Ҳýţôô㡣ĵĿ޵
ˣԪٻ΢΢Ľš
ϴȥռ͵ȫͬġ
ϴռûֺáǻ֪ԼϲʦȻһЩóˡ
챼ڵ˻ʡ
ʡҲԪרš
ʡǿԿֱӻռˡ
ﻹ׼һЩƷ⻹һ̨ӻ
Ҳͣ
û͵ӻġ
Ԫ˵дţǹҸףڵһбݣǵһŪ塣ôҶ
׶Ϣͨġ
Ҳżǵһ촺
Ȼ¶ˡ
ʧʧߣȻһңϸģ׼ô֡ôҶܿᣬˣǱźŲáû˵ܵˣߵﶼԼľϸ
Уһ̨ӻ
ˣϽȥŲ̄Ϊ˿̨ӻ˵ݳˡ
ȥ·Ԫ鿪ĳϾȥŮѼܴ꣬ܲ˾ԵԼûһ
ռ͵׼ˡ
ʵҲȷʵǲܳԿֻ࣬ǿԸԸѡǰھУʱʲôûԹ
ҺһҲÿࡣ
͵ҿҲȥա
ڵļղÿԪѵ
ڹڲ֪ջҪѧ޳Ϊڳ٣׻
һ˼˭ⲻ⡣
ԪЦˡ
ռ͵ˡ
̸˺üΣúڵ͹ڴȥŲС֪Ϣ
꣬ء
Ȼֻദ˼֪꣬Ů棬ģТ˳ˡ
ûһ죬ǼʹͷӺá
ӶТ˳£Т˳ԵʮֵıҲϲŮ
˭ҲȲ
˵⻹ռҵĽˡ
ռҾͿ˽ء
ڵ͹ҲڴſڵšҲţͲãȥȥȥһŮӴʲô֣ͷˤ˻Ҫޱӡ
ƲŮͬ־Ҫ߹ã

ˣ㰮Ÿţ粻ˡ
ίˣء
Ǻڵǣ룬û¶Ͳˤˡ
ЦˣǺڵãڵզ׸簡

ڵЦզ׸ˣֻء۶ա
ԣڵ׸硣˵
˵ţǰһȺ߳ˡ߳廹ߺڵû
Ŷʱһ֣ϲ룬ȥ̫ѱšڵ˦֣һ̶ˣȥˡҲˡܵûǿ죬ܵĲӰĸ磬ʱһ⣬׸硣
ԪĳһӣͿرĻڹһġ
û취Ϊ·̫ˣ˺ӣֵġ
Ҫǳﶫ࣬Ԫѳͣڴӿˡ
ڽ˴ҲԶ
ûſڣռ˺ܿˣܵǺڵ͹
á
񿴵ǾЦˡ
Ӷ˲ٰҲЩ΢΢ı仯
Ԫ齫ͣ£˳Цӭǡ
ӳá
ãɻ
ڵҲЦ˻¶
Цŵۻȥ˵ȥ˶𣿡

Ԫ鿪ųӸǺ濪쵽ſˣռҲˣͽͣռſڵĿյء
³ѾռΧסˣֱˡ
Կˣûؼң˵֮ġ
Ц⡣
ЦݺҲܴ
ͺͶյůһ㡣
ԪԼĶůůˡ
Եȷʵôϲţš
ͼ˺֮ԼˣŽѽһҶء
ռ֮ǰ绰˵Ҫġ
ֻոտˣûϡ
ʵҲɶģǲ˵
һᣬǾͳԪ鿴ȥˡ
Ȼסˡ
⣬⻹˰
۾Цһˡ
˵ɶţ޾㣬ÿҲġ
ۼĶ󰡡
ЦſԪ顣
Ԫ߹ֺ̣үүǲ֪ô
һһܡ
ԪҲһһˡ
ռ˶ر𶼸ˡΪǸİˣôദءء
ǶԪӡҲرá
ϵġ
дԪԼǧ
Ԫ鰮⻰Цŵͷ˵Ҵ˵Ҫȥᡣ
Ǿ͸˵ĹˡȻ󿴳ϵĶȲѣⲻҪŰɣôණ
Ԫʣʲô
񣺡
񷭰ۣһμļôɶϽȥ˵ӣȴϿԿᡣ
ռһе£ǸԷ˵ĵӣ
Ǹ
ϽŰˣһ׼ģûŪƱ
սҲæԪȥǸɻȥǽЪš
ռʰĺ롣ӺãرǷֵԼռ͵СҲԱͶ֮󣬴ҵԽԽˣҲоʹˣҲͷҵʰĸɸɾġ
ռдδŮ
ռԪȻˣǿ϶Ҫġ
ҪȻҲǲ
ռ˵ûΪԪǮͶŴ߾þ֮ġԼҲǮб£ɲǴѧ˭ϵġԼҰһͷˡ
ֻһƽ˶Դ
ȻԪ黹ǱƽҪĿһЩҲáǸ
̸ԪϸôϲȻ󻹺үүүӴҿСԪʱ򿡶ˡ
һºۼүү


321 
ԪΪԼֻЩ, ڵõռ˵Ļӭ֮ҲǴ˿Ȼסˡ
ûԷʱ䣬ˡ
ˡ
һѷľ, ȻΧԪ鿴, ЦһӡǲĶ
ЩҲûϳԪ, Ͼ, Ҳȥסһ˵ģ
ȻԪɶģʲô, ʲô, סĶ
ҵûж⣬Ǵĺ档
Ͼϵ, ɶ, ̫ˡ
Ԫ鵹Щмܲס, ΢Ŀ
һЦ, λ, Ҷ, һˡ
̵ǣСԪǸʵ, ۸ɶľҡ
ı˶ˣΧȥˡ
Ҳʹྴţ, رŮô㡣ͺЩ˴ˡ
˵ŮǸбµ, ھ, ǾʱҼҵСүˡҲɷ, ˼Ҳ˺ܶ¶֮ǰЩѧϰѧУ, ˼ǰҵҡ
Ȼֿÿ
ԪȥԺ͸
ǲǲϰߣ
Ԫ˿ͷһ㣬Ǻ顣ų⣬ֻǲϰߡ
Ц֪Ϊ˱סЩ飬ҷ˶󾢶ÿֻǵʱ򣬲ŻΪ˼ĺ¶ˡ
ʱĻԶһ档
ԪûԺ˼
ʵ֪ڣʳ֪衣
ｨĺܺáܸоǶϲҴûоָоԪˣûСȥΪԪʲôҲǲġ
Ժͻϰˡ
ϾԺˣżڵҪ
ԪЦŻܿϰߵġ
ȷʵų
ܲһ
̫̫ǴţûʱƵģһţûûˡ
׼˻ʰӣΪ˵кǣ˰кʲôڣɴԼȥ
ԼȥˣԪȥͺڵй˵
ڵڼҵʱ򣬶Ĳȥǰա
Ӱ˰¶
ǣǾظˡСЦݡ
ѧϰôˣһһҵûдһȥдҵˡ
Ȼˡ
Ц
ʣأ
룺ҿĻȥҳɼ㿴ȻҲˡ
ʵĲںڵǰ˵ɼΪԵúܴ󣬻ԵĲá
ڵЦãҿرãóɼǵһ
̫ˡ˵ͷûԴʮһءкˡ
Ԫ飬ָָڵǺڵررá
رãԪ鿴ĺڵ
ǰãͿһݶĹرء
ôϲ
ֺͺڵܣǹùõĶ󡣡
áڵò
˶еҲʵ
ԪҲļ򣬡ú飬Ժȥѧ뵽Լ߻иʿأһ䣬֪ʶѧȷʵȽԺúѧϰ
һ𣿡ڵ뵱ɲɲҲҪѧ𣿡
ЦʵʲôУҲףɲҲУԼˡڵҪԼԸ顣
뵱ɲڵᶨ
Ԫ㿴־ᶨǲǺ񣿡
Ԫͷеռһഫ룬δҪǸˣǸǲҲ뵱ɲ
Ц졣ţһഫ
Ǳ񰡡
ֽԪȥʱ͵͵ʺڵǲǺܺã
ڵҲСҾÿرĻðףǶ嶼á
ˡԪͬ־㲻ǱˡţĸҲˡ
ԶںƵĴݶ
Ҳ֪ⱲӴݶͺڵ᲻ӦԵֺǳ˰ɡ
ҲԳɼҡ
ȥǿƵĴһ𡣱Ͼͬľ棬ҲıżĹǿһ𣬿ܲ֡
Ȼ֪Լİ裬ҲֻԼһ롣
һǣȫͬˡ
ԼܣҲûǸʸȥǡ
ҲδлǼ档ҲΪѣҲΪˣҲΪп޵İˡ
ڵҪ쳤󰡡еʱˡ
ڵʾԼѾŬڳԷˣ׳ˣˡ
ռ͵ҪԷʱͷ׷ˣԼˣʱҪҪ¶
Ӵⶼ鷳ġҶ˵ˡ⡣
Ҳϲ֡
磬һӵķˣмѼ
֮һȥһӴ⡣
񾪵׼̫ʢ˰ɡ
̵û¶ƽʱҲô١
ôˣ
ٺٵЦҲãڴͷܳϵˡҲˡﻹԼţѷӸˢһˮ࣬˵ɡ
Ҳοǹĺܲ
ҲԺǿɲȻߣ۹ע㰡ɼˣ۾ѧ⽨֮ǰĹ԰Ҳʼһιˣ
̵Բ˳Բˣѵû̸ɶ
кԪԲˡ
Ԫ鿴ĲˣĳԲꡣ
˷ˣһ̵̣̫ˣС˷˶಻ֵ
̶ԼŮ⻰ʾڿǰô˵
˸á
Цŵ˵λҲϲˣҪˣ
⻰ȵĿɫЩϲ񣬡֮ǰû˵
ҲǲŶģ־ԿĲˣҲеġ˵¶ˡҲڼҹ꣬Ϧ֮ܰ졣
ʮֵĳģͲͷˡ
ԪԼѧˡ
ԭô˵
Ҷһֱźӣһߵãҽӣ񶼲ء
ЦҲҲӰӡˣƽ
ҶЦǰ龰
̳ûʵһ۶ˣأ
Ԫ飺


322 
¶ʱûǹ
ȷе˵Ԫ鵹, ҲڲǺʵʱΪʱ硣
ȴãԼȻԪʶܾ, άֶϵһꡣһ, ˼Ҳ١
ʵڻûеǸϡѹû¶
¶, ˶֪ôش
̵ǻǵŮҪֵ㣬ʵ, СԪô˵ģ
ҪзǱû뷨͵, ̸Ĵ, Ǿˣå
Ԫ鿴Ȼ΢Ц˶ϲ񣬽Ҳң뷨
⻰ , ֿ
Ц, ڲŸڵطϹûء
ˡ
֮ǰһ벻ʵϰڲſʼſֽȥ, ʺϽ顣һɼ˵ҪǼͥ, µʱ˼ɲ
̻ǾŮҵ̫, ɶǹҲ̸
ٿСԪͦ˳ģԽԪѵˡ
ⱲӾûŮͬ־ˡͷȻðɣҲŮ˸óּɶġ
˽һ񣬰˸ץ, Ůûˡ
ô룬ﻹЦ˾ԼҲʡҪôƻҲСˡ
æͷʾ֪ˡ
ԪȷʵͲСѾʮˣԪҲʮˡʱ˵Ǵˡ
ÿܹ˶ã֯Ҳˡ
һֱԼᣬûɶҲû뵽ԼҲ˴߻ˡ
극֮Ԫһȥװӻˡ
ҶһŪӡ
ҶǸŮҲҶҲرɰܰЦ
ӱĺá
ô˵һӶҡҶ졣
ʵʵ˵պӵС֡Ѿһĺˣɰʱ򣬿žͰ˸ˡ
ɰ
ɰզˣ̻ءߣҶ¶Ͳˡ
ҪԼʲô뷨
ǵȻǲǲ׼ˣôһҺúšڶƻˣ˼ҺöﵥλֻһءȻ̥ҲҶӱ;󣬸οֹŮ˿¾͸ˡ
ǧģҹ궼ȥˡ
ǶϲӰְôģ
ҶʵʵʰﺢӰ֣ǵȻҵˣǶﰲˣɶСԺҲúϣɶǵޡҲÿԼޣռˣ
ЦˣˣֻҪԼС
Ҷпرм㡣ġǰûộҽ֮ᵽˡڼ軤ţɽ˻飬Ůͬ־治סҪǮеأûž㲻ŮҲǰ˵
Լ˵ʵҪֹٹ̣ģʱҲΡ
Ϊκ¶ҪÿԼģֻṩһ
һɲˣԼȥᡣָָ㹤
˵ʵڵģڵӣԼҲһ·ˡ
ǻǶȽΡ
ͬʱҲ¶ܲѧ
ҲֵúǷԼľ顣
ԼڻڹһЩ˵һ顣
ڵĻںռûñȵģǻֻǳ¸ڣûǮأѾ¸·ˡһˣ仯ܴ󰡡ǱϷӶˣƺڸ㽨衣
˵ǰ֮ǰ˹滮ͼ׼
ӳСǣ׼Ҳֲߵɫߡ԰Ѿˣ׼߲ˣ
ЦСû⡣ҪעⱣ⡣
ʱٹñʵĳӣҲ½һЩˡ
ȫС죬ΪСѸٷչ˼ʵĻ
ȫС͹˾֮СķչٶѸٵģʮס
˭û뵽ġ
ͬʱҲٴθܵǰհԡôͰС·̺ˣܹĽһС
Ѿ뿪ռͼˣȻռ͵쵼ûĹס
Ǻ˺СˮƷ¶
׼Ǳ߿ˮʳƷӹҪҲһЩɻ֮زԺС˫ǶԵ
ֱӺ˵ڹС죬˵϶
ЦȻǵúʹҶ˵˵ҶͬСҲҪ£ǶһǶԱˣҪǵҵķչû˶飬ҵǺ׾ͳµġ
ͷ˵ҲǡҲǸ£㡣֪㲻ẦС졣
ԣǶԱ˻Ƿģġ
ɲҲŵ
ǶһִС죬չСẦС졣
񲻹ܺ˭˫ǴỳẦ˭
ЦллǵΡҾòֹǺͻڵʳƷҲڱĵطȥѰҸزСȫŪĲƷ
֮ǰ˵˵Ҫƻر˵Ҫ˼ҳ϶벻С졣
ˣ־ƻҪеõԺҪˡ
ĺԺøĽ޳ɴ˽һ԰ıδҼһĻ԰ﻹͣС
һЩӵķչ״
⸽ĴСӰҲչĲҼһֵضСĹ涨ֲġ
ֳʳֱչ
ΪС쵽ڿֳЩСҲʳӹСӹ
ʳӹˣС컹ϳЩ˽Ҳʼֳ
ڶ˺ֳܶ
ǿС죬ҲԣˡҼһҲ·֮ǰĽ·ˡڸ֮·ˮ·쵼׼ǮԺ·
֮ǰߵĺѾȥˡΪ緢չĺáں칫Ѿصĳĸԣˡ
֮ǰϵΣѾ糤ˣ糤ǡ
ٶȣԺ糤ȥҲǳ¶ˡ
Ÿˣ쿪ڸתת仯
Ҳܸչũ˼·
ʱũͬ־Լ¸·áΪкʵʡ
̸깤ȥʱ򶼰ˡ
ԪһڼﲻϰߣЩ顣˴ˣûдá
ͿԪͼЦſӡ
һ濴һ̿ӻĹܣԼǫ̂
֮⣬дӵĺЩ˶ϡĿŵӻ
ȻԪ飬Ǯһ
ǶǮӻˡ
ǰǲ֪
Щ꾻׬Ǯˣ֪ô
Ԫ˵̨ӻ˰ٶ֮󣬴ĬĬһ㣬Ȼʮеѽȫ
ˮƱø㡣
ԪҪҪҸƱ
˷ܵһĴȣռ͵δĹүǴǺá
̵Ҳã˼ҵĹүɲС
ԶԶԣԪүá
˵ûҲУøǮһƱöǮ˼ã̵
ѽϽ㣬ռ˵ռ˭ģҲռġǮǮǮ۶򡣡
̫̫һı˭Ǯ
Ԫмº͵ЦͺһƽСһ
ǺϲȻһ¾õĸо
̫̫ǱӸˣû񣬵Ԫ鿴ˣˣȻ͵͵߹ȥ
Ż
ţ̫̫ǣ㻹ͦദġ
ãҪǺӡұģҲԪԼ˸ӻˡ
ǳȥתת֡
ڣԪ鿴΢ڵ죬Ȼͷã


323 
Ȼ, ǺôѾʱˡ
Ҳûָ꣬ġ
ܲѩϣ֨֨
ߵԶ, ͷռ, ķӡԱԴҵ, ʮũžһũˡũ壬ôҲһķ羰ˡͿԼѼ, 
һ굽ͷҲʱˡ
Ӧ˵, Ҳͽ
ڻڵʱ, ʮż٣͵æڵλҪǵҹ⣬λؼ˵ǲõˡ
Ƿżٵζ
Ԫְס
ԼƸĦ¡
ܿģ
ǰرģ̇ͷŵԽԽ, ܿġǵŬûа׷ѵģֻҪȥ, Ժø˹ӡ
ԪǰûָܵӰ죬ҲŸˡ
ȻȻû, ˹ĺò, ʲôϵ
, ǿеϵ˹ĺãŮѻˡ
˭һǹŮء
֣Ԫ
ţ
ڸڷƶ¸԰ˡǵδ𣿡
̵Ĵ߻鵽Ǹһѹˡ
ҲԼԪδ
δҪģδ, ܿ˷
Ԫ΢΢ӣͷûи㣬ҶҲˡ
񣺡
黰˵Щмܡ
ȴǺãЦˡΪûд۾ɵ۾ӡ
ԪҲ΢΢򴽣ĪЩ̡
Լ뷨ֻﻹǹǡ
Ϊǰϧġ
ͺ䱦һ㣬ҪС²Сľͻˡ
Ƕ񲹹Ů֮䴦һЩصġ
͹治һ
ǿĴ̲סˣʮʿܲܣù򣿡
ʲôͬ𣿡
е㡣Ԫͷ
ﲻͬĵǣӵ
Ԫ͵ͷӡһǡ
ǻ
⣿
գգۡ
첲ӹصȥ
Ӧ
һ˲䣬Ԫֻӿհһ£ȻΧϢ
ʵҲû顣
࣬Ƕð
ֲһ׵ˡȻҪһȲС
ûԸԶĴš
ÿһʱˣܲĸԣ롣
һǲͳˣ˼Ҳû֡
˵ԪǼʱġ
û˺ҵĳһСΪֿ
ͨ졣
Ԫ˿סļ򣬵һι֣صʣǻģǲǣ
Ӧðɡ
֪϶شһ顣Ԫһ˷κѡȻ顣
շȣĻ졣
ŬԼǡ
ľԺ֮ܶ꣬ǰһûϵǿ϶顣
Ȼûϵõ϶شԪˬҲʮֵĸˡ
ý֮ദʱ϶ࡣ
Ϊڻڴȥ᲻㡣ͺˣΪȥԼӡ
Ժܻźӡ
֮ǰҲæ㲻ͬԺĺܺгţûбǸʺ˫ˡ
ͬͬҵΪˡ
ǿԷ
֮ǵĸԶˣҪԺкô찡˭ӣúһڼﳤǲܵġɲ뺢ӱضͯڳǱضͯ
Ԫ¶ǳΪڣŵ㻹ʲô𣿡
ˣǶôæ˭չˣܿ࣬㱼ǻչ˲
ʮ档һʮġ
ҵɼͥҲ
Ԫ鱻ʵĶҭסˡ
ȸոջҪȣȸոջҪ졣뵽⣬ȻһǿҵҸоͳˡ

Ѿƻ˺δĹ滮ˡ
Ӧһһ졣û˯һϡ
ʮŵȫ⡣ӻСʱǿӤʦͱķ㡣ͥҽڼ㶼òģֻҪ°ӾͿˡ΢㣬ҾͰѺӴ߽ʵͿԿԿʼˣ·֮ǰҿԷҵİ칫칫Һܴڵ̺ľ΢㣬ҿԴȥͬĳУͬĹңͬķ羰мڵʱ򣬿һžۣ˵Լʱڵջ񡣡
ôţлˡ
·ôһӣӸճʼиĸ۰ĸ顣
룬ԼȻæʵҲԸʲô 
滮ĶǸԣҾҲԴźȥЩƶȻߺӣϲֹиԣҲƶʧ档ҪӷܶľԺ󲻹κβѶᱻ򵹡
˵öԡԪʮͬҪúнȫԸľܷҲԸƽĺӣһһͯꡣ
ЩҸ¶ɫ
ΪԼĺҸˡ
ΪԼԪ鶼ûľ
ûĸԵ֡
Ҹ˫˫̾Ȼ࿴ŶԷ
ŻȻ̫ˡ
ӻ֪ˡ
ֶЦˡ
ţԼڷչĲˣʱ䣬Ԫ飬Ȼȥ֤ˡˣöǮ֮ð㶫ܲܶԪˡϾ˵¶ԭ⡣λֵзӣͶðҾߡҹ㡣к뱣ķǮҲá
Ԫȴţóˡ
ʽǽʽҪǰ׼ˡ
ҪĺãҪ׼ܶණһʱܶЩϡҲҪԪһЩźãܹȷʱȸ¡µصҲҪˡʦ϶ûʱȥµġʦڵСˡ
˶ȻЦЦ˭Ҳû˵ֻ뵽ʱԷһϲ
֣ûؼ
ؼңԪס֡
˳ȥӣ˷ˡҲţϲϲġ
Χһ߶Ϧİš
°̾Ͳһˡ⺢ӣҲ֪ҪòŻ
Ҫѧ֪ʶǱоͲʿȷġѧ˾ͻˡ
̵ұĲ£ǱҸϱʵڽܲˡ
Ӵ̣㵣ɶû׼˼һۼء˼˶ǻ
ȥģ̵ۡ
Ц̣һпԵ֡ˣ֪ŵġ
ҶСӻ᲻ùӺã
ңȣүүźݻ
иڱ϶Լ˿ڡһ¡
Ͱοǣʾġ
ȻԪӣλڹ⣬ڹ⣬ô˲ܣ˸
Цۣ˵СԪǻǺõط
Ԫʮͬ˵Ķԡĺܺá
ЦĿġ
ôĻŮͬأȻҲǴ̫̫
үүţܾǳ͸үĲͬ
治縻үˡ
ÿ˵ҵĸүûӡ


324 
Ԫ˯ķ䡣
ǻͦкԼδ÷, һ𣬺÷ֽơ
ҲûǣǺ졣
̳극Ͱ, Ҫ˵ﻰ
˵ʮ굽ռ, ǻһС, ôˡ
ǰռҲҲĴ¹˸ԣ
̾;ԼԲˡ
Ψһĵľ
ֻ֪ʵҵ˳ɼҡԪסǸú, ôôһͣ˺׼ġ
Ҫϲ, ˼һСԣ, զũء
ռڸԣˣɺܶ෽滹ûͳȵġ
̣֪֪ġ
µΪԭϵġɺĸҲġ
̶ݵҶǲһ׵ȻҲǸǺôǺá
Цˡ̫̫Զء
Ǹ, Ƕ㲻á̵Ҹ֪ˡԺúչ, 㡣㿴ЩˣҲǿҲһһָҸŮ, ҸŮչ𣿡
̫̫ƽʱڰΪء
, İ, зִءǴ
ǿɲǼġ̽
ȻֵҪԺίҲ£ôֵء
ʮְŲ, ҪȻĲ̣ûܸίܡ
Ц̲ŲίءۼҪӡùӵġռ͵ҪǲӣԺ۶ȥȥ
ռ͵ﶼءЩǿɲܲˡ
Ҳû˵Ҫ⽨š
Խˣɶ˵ġҲڡҲȥǿ̫̫ı뷨
һˣʲôʲôɡ
̫̫˵˻Ҳ໽С
С飬ĲȻĻԼ˯ˡ
ŶЦЦȻڴϢ
֪Լ˼ңһ˯ʮֳһ˯ֵĺܣȻæˡ
ΪǳϦռҲǳӣڼ׼š
Ҷһҵǻȥˣռ˿Ҳ١
رǽ껹һԪ顣
극Ҫķʢ
һжֻļѼԡ
˵ѵûԼҲˡ
ռ˶ûӡ
ﲻӱ˼һһߣռҵĹء
˭ռҶǸɲءǸɲҲǵλ쵼Ҫá
ͲˣȥԷ
ЦҪǶȥôңҿ϶ûȥϰˡҪָȥмңԵƫġǿɲСˣͲóˡǳˣҲġ
ܰѾܾĻҲ˵ܡ
ҲپԷ¶զûб۸
ҿռ͵ˣ˭۸ң
ǿɲ˭Ҳ۸ռ͵ǡ
ҶֺǺǵЦռ͵Ǹ񣬼뿪ôˣĻռ͡ǵһ˵ġ
ûһЩһȥ쵼ͺͼ˲ˡ
絽ԷռҶ˽˳ֵġ
һֵıڣһֿʼԲ
Ԫϵһһ˳Բ
ϴ˳ԻԸģβǷʢĵ극
극Ȼٲϲȵĺơ
Ԫ˺üƿˡ
úƲүǺȵģһھͲˣȰ׾ơ
ͶɩȺƣ̶ܺȵ㡣
һڣεĿڸк֮ǰе㲻һ
Ԫͷȳˣȥ򲻴ѳȺٷŷſܿڸиáһղ˺üӡ
ͷȻǰͺйصһݡ
82
82ꡭ
ϸƿӡʲôǶûа
ʲôӵģܲ޲Ʒ
ơ
񣺡û־
ЩеģֱھׯõġƿԼġҲϲƹϰڷһЩֱ־ĶƷչʾһ
ĪľĺƸˡ
źȵÿһڶǶǮ
ߺԼϰ׸ɣߵôƺ⣿
񽫺ƿùǺãûȰ׾ơŮͬ־ȵá
Ҳò
ţÿò
ҪǹƲȡ
ԺҪʡŵˡ
ҪȻܺȲơ
ԪЦľƽղ˺ܶءǺܰƵģϲŸ⹺һ
׼취ˡ
ֻǹľׯôɡЩʱǺܽѪͳ͹ȻǮλˣҲǿȡġ
ǿԿȡõĴȨ
֪Щ㣬ζʱ仹ܳȡ
ǿ82ư
ŷš
극˾Ϳʼæµˡ
Ŷࡣź͸ŶҪ
Ļˮƽߣд¶Ҳɡ
Ԫ鵹ǲˣˮƽС
ֻܰŴ֡
ȥ
ȣʱʱľļĸ󺰴С °ŶϱڰӶڶΪϵ극׼
׶Ԫլ
ԪүҲֵĺԼֶֶһڡ
ÿʱ򣬶Ԫլֵʱ
ԪүҲЦĿġΪԪ
رعԲ˼˵ԸԪүҲ㡣
ǵȳ극֮Ԫү˶ûˡ
Źȿ˿Ԫ鷿
ʱ⺢Ӿʹ鷿һ˳극Ȼ
ˣܿһյơ
ǣ鷿Ҳûˡ
⺢ӴˣҲҪɼˡҵϱҲϲġ
ԪүӻźǺڡ
Լһľ˺ǵ˺
ԲľԪ顣
⺢ҲҪֲˡ


325 
ʮ, ռڿ˻һᡣ
һ˿Ŀתרעɫ, ⡣
¹˻Ǻ, һ˯ҲûУһֱ, δ
ҶʾûôÿĽĿϧһֻܿһΡ

Ԫ˵컹ز֮, ű߻ζţ߻ȥ˯
߶Ҫ￴
һռһˣȻȲĳȥ꣬˳˴ţ¶
ҲԪȥ, ˿ųں칫總Ĵתת
Ȼ˵һ, Ҳ·ˡ
ƽ̹ˮ·ԭ͹ƽ·
ũﶼͱ𴦵ĲһȻǾĵġ
Ҵ·Ͽȥ, Ӷ˳ˡ
һ·ĸı, ʮá
ʱķչԼҵҲˡ
뿪Ҳ֪ܻˡ֪´λ, ʲôӡ
Ц
Ԫ, Ҫ, ϶Ҫġʱ˳ҲҲüŻ
Ԫ鱾׼ͻȥġϾ·ҲҪʱ䡣׼ͰϲµġӾǳġ
ԺҲѵûһ, Ҳⵢ졣ɴȳĿٻȥ
ȥ˽ƷҶһ, Ľ, ҲʱȽеˡ
ǲġҶڶ, ɼϲġ
͵ġ
ΪʵԶ, ͼǰռ͵ġ
Ȼסšȥס
֪ൽ, ȥ
겻൹Ҳ仯ͦ󣬿֮ǰҪأҪ졣
ΨһĵǻǼֽǡ
ôֱӽ֡
̸һЩԼ롣
Ҳʼˣ۹Ҳʼˡ
׼ԺԺ󻪹гȶ֮󣬻Ҫг
һЩڵ⻹ҪֵƷ˵񻹷һʳġ
˵ڳԶŵԽԽ࣬ʳƷҲǿԿġ
ĳ룬ԽԽˡԤСδˡ
Ȼ뿪С죬СϾеĵһҵ
ǰ׳ǿĵ𲽰
岻ͬ
񿴵ܹõ죬Ҳܿġ
ǣҰѼҶռˣһһһĶԴСġ
úұ֤ѾΪСܶˡԺбĴ㣬Ҳҡ
ЦܣҲҺҲǡʵ֮ǰҰ費ͬǵʱҲȥҵԼɣ׬ǮҲȥǶָıˣѡȥԿΪ֣ûа취С졣ҲһҲǵ
ǲ֪м仹Щ¶˵Ҳġ
ϸԣǺ׵ġ
ǻС졣ռ͡
Ȼߵ·ǲһģɵ;ͬ顣
ãԼ·ϣкܶġ
Ļڵ˵ҲŨˡ
˲Ǳˣֻĸĸˡ
Ҳûί࣬ӭ׶˺ܶ࣬רֶӡ
Ԫ鵹ҲŴ˰֣ʱ϶ǲɫĩͷ΢΢ˡ
ŽŸʲôְôһ֮󣬶еƽʱһˣʮˣǺСһȼһ㡣
ԪͷЦѧ㾭顣ʵ׵˵մϲϲ¡
һͣ˰ԴȻҲ̲סЦˡ
˾ϯˡ
Ϊǰռ˶кˣϱˣߵĵǵ͵Ҳûͣӡڳһ¼ˣǱ壬Ǻúѧ
ӱ춼á
ڵָԪһһˮ󵰡
ô·ϳԡ
ЦŽӹˡźڵͬ־㳤󰡡
ȳˣùøһʶ
֪ǻ᲻Եء
˻ʡصĺơ
뷨ǣԪԼȥæԼģȥơ
Ҫĳȥʱ鷳
Ԫڱ¶˳ĳЩʱҲͦ֡
ΰãҵ㵽طСԪ
Ҳܾˣһ·ȥ
Ҫ͡Ԫ
ƽʱȥĵط̫࣬ˡ
껪ĸ￪ŷչˣЩҲˡƽʱУ߸˶࣬ǲġһ˻غƣ϶ǲõġ
ҲȥƿҵͶĿҲһˡҪһ˵ģǰѡ
Ҳûˡ
һ𣬵Ǳһȷʵöȹ·ϵĳ̡оҲͲʱ䣬͵ˡӺʡֿȥ硣
ţϾδһּ棬Ҳˡ
ƳǵʱЦǲǻҵ칫Ҳŷģ
Ȼ
Цİɣǹΰǲġ︱糤˺ܴĹΰ⡣
䣬Ӿͷһ
ȻҲһ¡
Ԫɫһ䣬ϽɲȻץס񣬡̥ˣڳϱ𶯡
ֻ˲Զ·ϵĴʯͷ˵̥ˣ;¶
Ȼ˴ߵׯڵ˳
ܻʣǲǰǲǣ
ܳˣ֮󣬵Ǹǡ
Ȼų³
ǵһξ¶һԼ鷳ġҲûԼ˭ˡ
⿴ͷԣȥ˿϶ܺáһ˲ﻹЩµġּһ
ʱеҪһֻˡƤӿԣɲܣ
ģسǲԶг·ʱ䡭ֱܡӻܶ𣿡
û˵꣬Ԫʹ򿪳ȥˡ
۾ϽţűԪˡ
Ĵʲô
⣬ԪһЦݣЩˡƣҪ٣ۡ
СȻû뵽Էôˬ졣Ҫƽʱ϶Ǯ˵ġ
βֹƵģҪѵһˡ
ʲôˣҪûʲôϵǮϽǺ¶
ԪЦˣƣΪʲô飿
ǵĺ£ͷһ̵ϾԪ˹˹ĵģƺǮǵǲ׼֡
ǸһѵǺõġ
Ԫӿ˿ʱ䣬Ȼֱڳ
ٰ׸ˣҲڳ
ȭͷ
С컥࿴һۣҪܣ
ǸϽĹӸ˦˦
Ҳбġ֪һ㶼һ˾һġ
Ҳ׼
һҪܵĽ࣬Ͻڳܴ򿪳ŵĵط
ô˴ܣܰæЩԪôˡ
û³ʹˡ
Ĳһ˹˹ĵԪͰ˸ᵹˡȻ˵ġ
һѹסһ˵ĺ󱳡ƺ˵
ΪţҲǵı顣
֪Ԫһңǻ
Сƽʱͦģû취֣֪ԪǸӣŵòˡ
ԪʲôǾ˵ʲô
ܿʳˡ
سǵˡ
ǸĹͷո硣
λոﻹСģ⸽ĹĻǶ
ۿԽҲˣ׼Ŷȥأ˸׳нѸСɢԱˡ
ֹˣԭһЩӵˣΪ֪ЩϷ׬Ǯ֮Ҳ˼ˡ
֮¶װѹͷոĴθƻˡ
ո׼Ը
ǲﶯ֣Ҳڹȥ֡Ծ⸽Ϊڼ䣬·ĳӻȽ٣ڹڼ䶯֡һ֮⣬ʵǶ˺üˡһֱûˣԾˡ
ҪȻҲֻˡ
֮ǰǶģΪȥĶǻ˽ҳûԲ˶ӡž㲻ҲһǮû뵽ˡ
Ԫˡðź⡣ŵЩСЩ¡
СſЩҲûܣǲܣܲˣȶˡ
ԪҲûǣӳų
ŵĹûУ
ԪҡͷĵĿ
û˾ͺã̫嶯ˣԼ³ҲһġôиӦ
ֿЩ죬ȥ
ԪҲȥڲֿжҲһ˴
һȥҲˡ
֪ĵǣҲûǿЩСȣǰȫҪ
ӳ̥ˣĸӶˡûˡ
سǲԶ
һС·ˡ
һԪˮ˾ĳӣ˾ʦʶԪ飬ʶ
ѳˣ˵˾Ĳˣѹǰ쿴·ϻơ̫ˣ
ʦ鷳ȥһˣǻȥˣˡ
˾Ͻͷȥ
ɲϮǿɲС¡
ûʮӣֵ˾͹ˡ
Ļ֮ǰĹ
Ҳϳ
֮ǰֻ֪ˮ˾ܣû뵽ǹɲ
߹ȥǿԼ֤
˼һǹǣˡ
Ǯģ
Ľľ˵ˡոյȹĹҲԪ֪Щ˵Ŀˡ
û뵽ԼֻһԴҶõİţȻͱЩ˵ˡ
񲢲Լˡҡ
û¶Щ˸νͷͷٻ°
̫ˣͬ־ΰ
⻰ɰĹˡ
ʵƽʱҲˣûץס˵İѱð¶ҶԷȷʵܶࡣƽʱҲܿЩ
ͷĶӳʾξԻϳ͡
ôã¶һҪίӳ
˹ȻϮȻɲˣ⵨ӿ֪жˡ֪ƽʱٰء
Щһ֪¶Ĵˡ
زҲܿƵˣֻܽСץȥúʡ
׼һȥ¶ʱ򣬴ӻڵķ˳ˡ
ԭڹҲӽӵԪˮ֪֪ͨǱϮˣҪߺһͼճˡŹ
ӳֱܣǣû¶ɡ
û£ǡ
˵鷳ڹϺһˡ
Ҳ³żûгԿĸ˶۾
ϳСɪɪ
Աȥ£ˡѾˣٴȥҪ
յģıӵˣҶ֣
һ׳ŹָС죬Ǳ컹Ҫݡ
ͬ־Ͻסңǻȥʡ
Ҳ¶ÿ·ùͬ־ߡ
¶Ҫ߷ɳ
úһȥѼճ¾ˡ
Ԫ黹Ҫȥ֣⻹Ҫȥس
¶ɲֹϮ¶Ļڷչĺڶ
ְ︱糤ˣǹⷽһҪץץ
︱糤ҲһߣɱڵԴӣһһȥңֻҪҵ©֮㣬ԲϢ
ͷźԪ鿪ȥ
ֻҲģ·ϻˣҲź档︱糤һ˻ȥ׼ץץΰ⡣
ÿβڹڳ¶ģҪȻû
ȥ·ϣԪ鶼ȽϳĬ
֪飬ģֻǸ
Ԫĵĺ¡
Ҫ
ס˷ˣŬԼĿ
Ŭһ£ո̫ˣǰ𣿡
ţУѧġԪ
ǰĸֵ֮ǰľҲǺܲҵġո飬ǰࡣ
ҸݵҲСûһͺ¡
ڳڻһԱɲļ
ţһļ򣬡¡
Ԫ죬һ
˾ȥٴΰ龭˵һ飬СѾ͵ҽԺȥˣѾʲôˡϾǱ̫ˣҪЩĻڹԱ
ͬ־ֱ˵ˣȥڹɳ¶ڹɳҲܹܡ
⼸Ҳɵ֪Ҫȥ˻ڹƾͲˣʲô˵ʲô
ӹֳ֮󣬾ȥس
س񣬶Ҫ˵ġ
ҲˣΪʡѾ¶һЩˣ쵼Ǻ⣬ܻ䵽ʡȥ
ˣûüλϢأ͵õϮϢˡ
سͷŭˤ˲豭
޷ˣ޷ˣ
سⲻֹҸ˵⣬ϵչ⡣ԺͶ̣˭ֻ¸㷢չ̻˭Ұ⣿
سⲻ˵ģϳ͡Ǹʲôոģץץ
س߷ƢأҲˡ
üͷոʡ绰ˣ˵ʡͶ߱˴ˡ˼ڶߵΰܲΡʡ쵼ʲô
س¶Ҳ˵ˡ
Ҳŭ֮ǰŷչˣⷽ浹ûץֳôӡҺСû£ץݺݵץ˲ʹӹҲУʵڲоȥˡ˱ϳͣ
ǱϮ¶ܿʹĻصλˡ
¶ɲǵŭ
ǵɲģµʱ϶ⲻ˻˭ġ
Ҫ˶죬˭¶ˣ
سͳһ£ĹţԼװһˣν֯
ǲֹҪץҪѡ
ΪѾ¶ˣûٹˣǺԪ˹硣
˶֪¶ˡ
ӸɲǶϢһֱȻĻˣҲŷˡ
˵ԭί֮󣬴ӸɲǶˡ
ǶȺǴ¶
Ҫǻ˶ȥҵʶһЩˣҲֳô¶ˡ
¶ҲϢˣϽ뿪ˡ
Ϊ˹Ա˴¶ܿҲڹ紫ˡ
ЩﺢȥϷ˼ңʱָм
εԼҺʶЩˣ¶мǣ¶ҲԼҶʶĶʲôˡɲҶ֣޷찡
ҪԼҶӼ˻죬Ҫǳ£һӶҪˡ
Ҷ¶۷׷׵ʱڼﰲԪ顣
˵ģô¶Ԫڲˡ
治ٷ¶ˣʱҶȥˣڹšȽ˵֤
ҹ£ҾҪϴˣʱΰֻԽԽá
ε鵹Ҳ쵼˸ˣչõʱΰҲǺҪġ
Ԫصİĺ˺ü¡


326 
Ԫ鲻´ܡ
ƿԪ֮ǰ, Ҳº͵ӡӦ˵һֱαװġ
Բ˭֪, ǰº͵Цţ, 涼ܽҵڹȥʵҲһƥǡ
֮, ͺܿơ
ΪƲͬľҲôҡ
رǺһ֮, ͸ϸҪԼ, ԲһΥ顣
ǾڸղţͲǼ˵ĲӸŤˡ
Ǳľƽˡ
ʱͦµģϾһ¶Ǻ, ҲӣǲˣԺ󶥶ǳŵʱעˡ
û뵽Ԫͬ־ŵˡ
һֱԪıû¶ˡ㶼ʡ˵, ǳ, Ҫһ򾡡
Ժأȥ˱ĵطأԪʵ
ˮڡǲҭʳɲСˡ
ҵʵҲ󡣡Ԫ
΢Ц֪㵣, ֻǸŹε, δΰֻԽԽáֻǾ÷չһЩѡ
ÿ, Ÿ⡣
ܲܣΪЩС֮, ˵Ķ, ʲô˰ɡ
Ԫְ˱ĸˡ
޲Լ, Ͳõˡ
治ģǰԿ࣬Щ顣
˿ȣԪͬ־ɵû򣬵Ǳջˡ
Ԫεķſڻ鿪Ц
ɶܵģܱС֮򵹵ģ
˵ţЦĿҵô˭ոǸӣ˧ˣ
ĵĿޡ
Ͼ˧ˡ
ֲܣֻᶯƤӵˣЩֵˡ
Ԫ鱻˵㣬ͷεĶͷ
ʵҲ֪񲻻Լġ
֮ǰ¶ΪƵοôˣ
ҪҷҲУһͷ㰲˾
ʲô˾˾
ǲУҸ㰲šܱˡ
áҲʲôҪˣżȻ¼
ԪʮӣΪԺļʻǺܴġ
񣺡
ӦңҰ˾ҪȻҲġԪ˵ţѶͷĶͷ̾ϢҸոաıŵˡźãû˼ʧܴ󡣡
񣺡á
Ҳû̸Լ֮¶Ϊ֪Լ϶Ǹġ
ҲҿԪû˵űڣҪȻҪΪѡ
ڶ죬Ϳʼɲǿˣӵġάΰ⡣
˵ʵڵģҲʶ˸ĸ￪ųڵĹڻ
ǰֻ˵ϴ֮ǰʮֲ񣬶Ϣûмʶ󲻵
Ǽʶˡ
컯֮£ڳسǵ·ϣһɲ˴ˡ
֪ڿĵطжġ
ӸΰˣֹΰҪ
֮ǰǼСǲΪֻҪܵѵˡ
ȫǺġȫ֪Լˡ
ΪͨĴҶŹ
ǵΪʵѾ̷ˡ
ҪЩץȻѾЩɢԱˣǲܱ֤û;
ϷǱߵĹҲҪһˡ
ʱǻ᲻·ⶼҪע⡣
ͬ־ǣҪΪ䡣ӵķҪáҪϰ֪ܷ
糤ҲҪһҪ⡣
ǻڹǶϮˣǶôص⡣⻹ֻǸɢԱ˹ҽ⡣ĵӾԲһɵģⶼǴҵĹûá
Ӹɲ޻
ǹʹӣץرÿ·ϣҪ֤˳ȫ
︱糤Ӧˡ
˵ΰ⣬ֶ糤ΰ︱糤Ǹøץ÷չũҵǷչũҵΪЩ˵˷չ
÷չ֮󣬴ǮˣҲܱһЩ;
ãҲù֪
Ҳ֮ء
糤ͺһصӦˡ
νɽˮ׳Ҳ̵ʶ˷չҪԡ
治󻨸һȺͷʲô
Ҫǰ˸ˣЩ˳򡣻Ҳ÷չˡ
복˻ڣôչ
ڻڿʱƳص˾ϵͳΪץ
ǺسһָӡЩСṩǰҰİոץˡ
һץˣʮˡ
ƽʱҲֳۣɸֵ졣һ¶˼ҾһŽζԸѾǵһζˡ
ץ˵֮ǰζһЩ廧չǮ
ľ֣˹档
ľոˡ
Ѿǵһˣ˹Щˡ
˱вˣҲҵ
سԭֻϮ¶ô˿ģȻô¶ˡȥˡ
Ͱ﹫쵼ˡΰûܺá
ȻȫطΧڣץЩɢС졣С͵СģҲһŹ
Щ˵ĵӲ
Ϊ¶Ƴǵǰչ˺ҵϴˡ
ڸոȺˣҲ׷̡дͷĸոΪ̫࣬ڡ
ϢҲ˿
ΰ⣬Ӧܹסˡ
ֻϣܹ;֪Ҫ¶ˡҪȻϴ򣬺Ҳûá
ȻˣԪ黹Ǹһλ˾
ʮӣҲ֪ܳȵһˡ
Ԫ鵣칫߰ġ
ˣͽˣģ


327 327
Ԫ˳֮, ͺԼ˾ͬ־ġ
֪˾ҲԪӹġ
ǻĺĿԼĸĸڹϣԪҵĸԺ
Ԫ˺ܻˣЩ¶ԼѡѧϰȨ
ֻҪѧ֮ΪԪͶʮ, ˡ
˻ѡԪҹϾãҲһݸжġ
ѡµġѾΪԪҹʮˡ, ǸԪġԪȭŹָġ
ʱĿˡ֪Ԫ黹ǱȽġС챻ûлֵ
λʦ൱Ԫʦ, ֪ˡ
ʱе˷˲ˡ
ţҪʦ, Ʒ, ԺԼߵרְ˾ˡԸһʽıƣ֯
Ϊɲ˽˾, ԺԪˣҲӰ첻á
˼ҿܿ⹤ʡ
뷨ǻᱣġû׼Ժְˣ˾ҲԸְǾͲһˡ
ٺʦ, ʵʵڹ翪չ , ʱҲ׼ȥ
Ǻ£ǹ꿪ҲءЩСֳ¶ôʱ䣬һת۶Ҫˡĺö๤ƻûüչء
ʶΰҪԣԺ󲻹ȥ, ΰҪץ
Ĺ, Ҳòġ÷ʹ绰, ˵ȥ
Ҳóλᣬ׵Ĳˮ˾¶ˡȷˮ˾չû, ʽ쵼齻ˮ˾Ĺ
ڿʼչ֮ǰ, ڸӽ߷õ顣ҪȷÿӶûжĴڡ
ǳͳ׽, Բ
ϴʱǹˡ
ڻڵĸҲûʧ
ΰʮɾ
︱糤Ҳʮϲ
ҲףҲΪǴĻáҪȻλĲôɾ
ܹ֮С촦ĸɾԭǸֱӹ涨ˣ˭Ҫǳ˻죬˭һͶʸȡˣʲôʱĺˣʲôʱͶʡܲǴŴ¸ˣǻȥǣǿǡ
ԭЩлļͥҲùܺӵģΪҪȫ׬ǮˣҾͺϡ
ôһЩԭԼҺӵģҲҳˡ³ӳȫˡ
е·ļ͸˼빤ӲĶһסʵڲֱӾٱȥ磬︱糤ܡûкݲĵġ
͸︱糤ΰ˼İ
񰤸Ѳ˼ӣȷϸûСһɢԱ͵¶֮󣬾ͿʼͺŴ߲˵¶ˡ
һ߲ˣϣܹһһġ
ȻзգˣҲ׬Ǯ¸ǰŷյġ
Ҳֺ֧Ĺκ鶼зյģֻҪտԳеķΧڣǲ̫СĽ˺ʱ
һĿһ׬Ǯ
øӷ֪ͨԱ
߲ǴļΪտʼչԸ治졣зաҲǿ׬Ǯġ
ȤĿҹ籨һֲ
ıôѡҲмӴԱԸⳢһ¡
˻ͦࡣ
ԱԼҲʵ飬Ҳ׼ֲǿԿճһسרŸ
ʧܣҲ¡Ƕ˵ˣǿԷõġʧһЩʺͲ硣
Ҫǹȥǿ϶𣬿ÿʳǮ֮⣬б롣ڴǮˣǵӾʹˡҲⳢ
ر֮ǰ¸·Ҳǳ˽ͷڶЩ¶رкøС
ϲʤ
ԼͷһθĿô֧ʮгɾ͸С
ȥ֤ھһһ¶ˣһԱǶһ׬ǮĿ
Цұ֤úԱ֤ҲҪԼôѹΪͺáȻƽʱҲҪעܽᾭѵ
æĵͷ
µףӵԱͿʼһȻڹļԱָ£ʼ
Ѯֲ߲ˣ·ݲջ
ǰһȥˣԺǰһջ
Сһ¡Բ˲ͼǰһˣǾǸϡˡ۸
Աֲ֪ô棬Խ׬Ǯ
Ҿ㲻׬ǮԼԲҲ㰡
ԺҲܳԿˡ
ӹˣ˭һͿ̲˰
ڸӽѵԱǿѧֲˡְֵָǡ
Ҳÿ֮ǰΪ㣬ɨäǸֲ˴˻ˡ
ũҵҲ糤Ľһƶá
Աţ¹㻹ֲˣⶼҪѧ֪ʶɼ֪ʶ׬Ǯ
ҲԼǵ¶ˡ֮ǰǱȵģǿʼԸúǽܽˡ
֪ѧ˲׬Ǯӡ
ȫ綼ڻϲϲ㷢չֲ˵ʱϷĵλҲ绰˹ˡ
һȥĹˣһ깤ˣǿԻؼˡ
λ˼ȻϣܹġϾأˣеˡ
ϢʵԼ˼أ
һģһҲȥġǼ˶ˣؼһˡǿǲ֪ǹôŵġ
ǵȻعԼԸˡɣλ̽ףҲ˽һǵȻٸ˼빤һʱǻš
ô˵ˣλǱȻҲٶҪ
ģ˼Ҳ⣬Ҳû취
˵绰֮ȥ︱糤ˣ˵¶
︱糤ڸԼ⹫ΰԽˣһҪˣĶϵ̶Ҫˡ
Ҫˣ
ͷǩľһ꣬ܲǵɡҲû
˾Ͳһ︱糤Ӱ
ϾǶϮˣ֪Щ˵Ӷʡ
ˣ¶ܿƵġϷһ껹Ǻֵܱģû¶
ȻҲûᣬΪ˿ţȥǼһ
ȥʹӸɲ˵˵ϢǵҲ˼빤ϣѾʼ;ˡ
У︱糤һҲҵ
ʵǺֳ¶
ϾΪΰ⣬˶ٵĸɲˡ˵ֳˣ˵ֵ´ζ˺ü˵ûõصΰ⡣
Ҫ糤ѸɢԱˣЩӶҪܵء
˻ڹ磬Ҳ½յϷλ֪ͨˡ
ͳȥһҪˡ
ô죿
ͽӵԸĵ绰æٰ˸漸ꡣ
Ҳûа취ɡȿǵı˵ɡҲǰ취Ҫ׽С
ô
ĸɲǶѡ
ڴӵĸɲϢҲˡ˲¶ɡ
ȺСӿɲʲôö͵ġ
֮ǰóɲҲûôܡ
ǵ¶ԼȺɵĴ¶ǶЩ˳ɳҲͦµġ
˭֪ʲôµ¶
ǶҴ򣬸οЩӵġ
ӸɲǸϽȥЩ˵ļ˼빤ϣǸЩϷ̽׵Ĺ˸һ˼ú׬Ǯ
Щ˽ʱϷȥĵһǣ˻ؼĻ𳵡
治װ
ǳȥҪ̡ò׸ˡϲЦտġ
ÿ˶ص˷÷ɹڵϴĸɸɾġϴŻ¡޲ٸԼ׸ӡϧһǮӡǮشȥˣǶԼѣ͵͵ӵĻ׬ǮһЩʸɻˡ
ϻкܶϵľڽм飬鿴ͶѵΪ
ЩȻһ𳵣Ҳû⣬Ҳˡ
Щ˲ûбͶѡ
Ͼϻ֮ǰԼĹԱͰǵİһ顣Ƿ룬Ͷѣʱץ˻ز˼ҡ
ȾһߣҶϴһ
Ϊÿ϶봩߰˼¡ڴﴧŸСƷ
÷ڰǾԼšôҲܽȥġ
ⶼ͵͵㹤׬Ǯ׼׬㻨Ǯġ
ϾÿµǮشȥͶˣǲ׬ǮǮ̳飬ƺȣأ
˷̸ܵŻԼˣȥ˶ܺ࣬˵Ķѡ
Ҫ˵ĺá
˵ģǾţȽӡ
Ϊˣôأ


328 328
ȥϷʱ, ߵʵ̫ˡŴ컨ء
ǳһֱһ๤ľ֧ҲΪǸ棬ԭûûƤˣֱ, ˸߿һ۵ľ֮ҲʼҪˡζǺܺõġ
ٱ˿, 
ȥϷ֮, ǷֹʵͦࡣҲȻܼһꡣ
룬, ࡣ
Ȼ, ΪʱܳᱳʹֹΪһ¶ͣ, ֶϼˡ
ΪڵļӰ๤ǵľҲûǰˡ
ҲгԵģȴǵǺʣҪǮ, һµǮһٳһΡ
ΨһľǳԷܳԱ, ûţԹȻ࣬ȴûݣԲһȦ
Ҳţĵˡ
λȥ, Ҽ˿϶ˡҵǸ߿һۡ
СԼСƽͷ
ϼ, öԱ֪ԼҪˡ
Ҫ, ǶܸˡΪû뿪ҵ˳ȥһܻ꣬ǵŵġ
ڶ˵, ˭ҳ, ԺҪȡͶʵ
ǲˡ
⺢ǻһôզ죿
Ǽ˸Ͻ˸, ǣȰǳȥ򹤡
ȥð׬ǮͶʡͷǮ˫롣
Ҫǻˣȥ㣬µظɻҲȥֲˣⲻһžҪȥ¶ˣʱȫꡣ
ⲻֹһңҴôġ
⣬ȵЩ˻죬Ҳȥȥ
Щ˻Լġ
ϾԶŵˣǵǸˡо顣
ͳһƱһؼҡ֮ٴ߻ع硣
Щ˾Ƴصʱ򣬾͸оԾˡ
ƽʱ϶ôһֵڽ߶ģرǳվһͦࡣ
һˡ
ҲоԴԼӳ֮󣬾ͱö˿ˡ
һʼΪԼĺÿű˶ţͬ־ֱӳǹˣǴҪȥʲôġ
Ҫ֤
ɰЩʵˡŵˡ
ԼϴЩ·ͶﴧŵĶˣͷͶѸץˡ
ȻЩͬ־ӹԱ֪Ⱥ֮ǰͳȥ򹤵֮󣬶Ҳˡ
˾ͱˣʱ˭¶Ҫе֮ǰɸץһˣ쵼ˣ˭¾ץ
һץ֣Щһ¡
ͬ־ֵǸո֪ɣԭĻͷӣץȥˣǹˡڣԺһӾʹˡģ϶ץˣء
Ⱥ滹к͸ոġ
죬ֻǼ棬һθ硣Ÿո졣
ֻǺҪȥϷ򹤣ûɡû뵽һʱ䣬˶ץˡҸŸո˶ץˣ̡
Щŵúˡ
˭Ҳû˵±Щͬ־֪֮ǰǸŸոġ
ùԱ͹ͬ־ͣЩ˾ǻ̽׵ģˡ
ͬ־Ҳû˵ʲôǻȥˡ
ȹͬ־ˣЩ˲żˣǸ˭֮ǰǲ˵͸ոϵá
ŭˣ˵Ǵţģˣ
ţ㶼Ҵ㵨Ӵ󰡡

һ·ȥʱ򣬴Ҷ̸¶ﶼҵԼѡ񡣻ðõȥϷȻǿһ㣬ɺôȥΰ
Ǹȥˡ
ʲôģκá
һȺ˺ƺƵĵ˹ʱ򣬸ҸļˣһѷܹȥԼҴԶļˡ˵ˣźˡ
ҴҲˣҲˡ
˵Ĳˡ
ǿ಻࣬һֱ˵ãõĲˡгкȣǮáһࡣ
˹֮⣬ٽӵ׬Ǯ
ϷǱ߱Ǵ׬Ǯĺõط
⻰ЩǾͷˡطþСͷúȥ򹤣ǾͲÿˡ
οһ֣ȥź˵Ϸã׬Ǯ࣬ɡǣԭϷôð
ڿ깫Ĳ񱨱׼жǮܻġ
⻰Ц˵ãǵȻǺõġ
ϵġ
󲿷ֳȥˣ϶Ҫ˵ĺõġ
˵һ⡣ֻҪǹȥĲģǶǲⱻ֪Լġ
ǰСϴȥ򹤵ĸǣٿ࣬ҲҪʹ˵á
ε۾Ͳõˣ˵ã϶ǻȥ򹤵ġ
ҡҡͷ
ʵϣЩѧáϾⶼˣ׳ֳȥ档
ѧˣԸڼ㽨裬Ҳһ¸ΪҲϣܹڼ㽨衣
Ȼǰܹ㽨裬Ǹƻ
ЩǵĻع飬ûڹ˼졣
ǵĿУϷǵطȷʵǺõطǹĹҲر󣬽رãϼҽЩûȵġ
洦ɼĳ϶ǴƷĹˡûһ
׬ǮҲ׬ŵʱȥϰڰ̯ȥСӵֹ׬Ǯˡ
ǻƯĳ»ԭۡϼҵˣϼҵ˴ʡ
иɹɵϺ֮ģҲʡ
˵ͦáûˡϾҲǮˡá
⡰Ͷѡ׬Ǯ֮ЩĹ˶ʱãҲˡ
ð׬Ǯ
Щ˾ͲȥϷˡɣ׬Ǯ٣ؼǻۡ
ôһ뷨͸¶ͱȫ˸ˡ
ߣ
ǾԲУ
Ϸôã㲻ȥǲɵ𣿡
ǣôõĵطҪȥˣ۾ȥˡⶼȥ˲ȥǲǱ𣿡
ȥϼҸʲôôõȥ㲻ȥ׼ڼϱ
ȥ׬Ǯðȥһֹ꣬ôණдǱߵͶҲܷǮðǰֺеıǿ
׬ǮҪǲȥϹȣ
Ҹ̬ȡԭЩԥºԿࡣںԼ˵ĺãԵĺúȵĺû׬ǮǾͲԥˡ
ôãǾȻɣ˵͵һֺгϱ졣
ǿɲУȫ¸·ͱǸƻˡ
ʱʲô簮ʲôܲˣǶǲڵġܻǹܵ˵ġ
Щػ˱˵ûˣﻢ¡
Ӹɲ˵ˣȥ򹤣аץɢţҪȻץˡרץСġ
Щ˵ǱŵˣŻǳȥˡ
ôܱܷͷٻ
иӱȽϻģȥ棬ҲԼϼǮģͼҪ
˲ãǾȥҴӸɲ˵
ӸɲãֱˡΪΪǽܹҲǹǵġɲǸĸˣԸǵġ
һѵԱϽͼˡ
һǼˡһǴϷġ
˼ˣЩԿ󣬲˼
࣬ôأôˣ¶˵¶Ť󡣡
ͷһͰ¶˵ˡ
ǼӵģҷֱԲͬĴӡγȥ򹤣һλģԺ졣
ǻ֮ͲȥϷˡ
͵ڼ紴ҵɼ˺ʹӶͬ⣬ǣǲð졣ǴҵҲҪõ֧֣Ӳ֧֣û죬ֻˡ
߼ҴĸСǿǣǸȷʵǮ۾ⲻǳ¶˼ģǿСԵ꣬׬Ķࡣ
⼸˵ͷ
żҴӵҲǰۻ֮˵Ҫִˡ۾Ժȥˡ˵۹·ӣ۶һ·Ӳ𣿡
Цɶ·ӣ
˻࿴ۣȻ׼ȥЩƵ꣬СԵ꣬ǶϺͲˡͣ׬ۡˮ˾һ
ˮ˾׬Ŀɲء˼һȽϣʱǿûơ
ٰۿ١۸ۺˮ˾һۻš
Щࡣܵ𣿡
ܣʲô࣬۶֪
ȥһˣļʶˡ
⼸ҲԭҲֻǲֵضѣû˼ȥһ˼ʶԼĿ֮󣬾иɾˣԼҲٺǰӡ
ţˡ
⼸ŵǻͦܵġ˼⣬Ƕܼʱش˵׼ģ׼ġ
ͺ⼸˵һܹԱԱԿԼ¸·粻ͿڳĽ
ҪԱԼչ
ȥҲЩõġ
ЦУɣҪܹҵԸջȥǼң˵ǰҵ
࿴һۣˡ֤Լҵ
סˣʲô⣬ҪֶΡǧΥ¶ҲˣԼϧԼԼŪȥһӡ
ǣ֪ˡǸϽ


329 329
Щ˲, ҲġܿСԵͷ̸
ԺͲ㡣ͻš
ǻ֪ûڳƣϾʼֳģҲεֳ硣
ûбȽרҵĲ˷, ЩͦӱǮԼȥҪˣһͻ, ʱ
ȷʵʡʱʡ˻ʡǮˡ
˼һ˵ÿ춼ҪǮ, ԼһһᡣȺʱ䳤ˣһһҲС
ҲǴЩѧģʽ
ƳС, ൱Ƶġ
˳˳̸СԵһҷꡣ
Ȼ·Ӳ, Ǻô˸ͷ
ǩЭ֮ȥˣǿ, Ҳ
Ҳ˵㻰뿴ôõ͡ȻܹȻ˲ˡ
ֱӸڵĴӵĸɲ˵, ⼸ѧ˱», ԹҵΪԱ¸߳µ·
ڣЩӸɲȻᷴˣȥЩ˵ļʾǼȻı·, ڴӷչӻӭ˲ڼ紴ҵ
⻹˲ˣ
¶Щ˵ļ, ƺЩ, Լԭǻĺӣգ۾ͳ˲ˡ
⻰˵, ǴӸɲ˵ġ
㲻ŴӸɲ, ҲҪǡ
ЩǾͷ, ֧ͬڼﴴҵ
Щ˳ɹҵõ˺ʹӸɲǵֵ֧¶Ҳ֪ˡ
ЩҲԼļƻֻǰڼ˺ʹӲ֧֣ð졣ӣѧҲȥˡ
ǵǲ˷ӣ׼ȥλˣƺǰˡȴࡣǸũƷгĶҲ࣬׼ȥؽȻڼ⡣
·ЬӣƷ
ǮҲУ֮ǰڴӵķֺ죬Ǿ׼ȡǮ׬˾ͼͶǮ˾ȥϷ򹤡
ϸļƻ̯ĵطѡˡ
ЩˣҲͬҰȥʹ˵
뿪ʱ򣬵ʮ˶ѡڼ紴ҵʣµȥ򹤡Ȼ󽫴򹤵ǮͶӣԺ˫Ǯ
Ҳ׼ȥ⡣׼λܹˡԺ׬Ǯ
һ˻һֱ뿪ûֳʲô¶ùɲʹӸɲǶ˿Ҳøˡ
ǳȥһ֮Ļǽˡ˵˻Ҫȷġܷ˵ӡ
ûãЩҲʼҵˡ
ϰʱ򣬾ͿǼͲ˵ˣгŴ¨ӣװ˲ˡǸҸĲ԰ĿǰѾеġǱǸȥġ
ŬӣҲ̲סãԼԴŴ¸Ҫˡ
ϰ꣬ڹ綼æŸ㷢չֲ
ѮĻæĲˣҲĥŰʳƷˣϾ·óС춼ֱӺġ
ڼҲõģֱĿʳƷ
ĽڵλԼӣһӾͻ¸ĽһЩɵļͿԳˡȻܾɣϾĵλԼҪߣǾɵģҲǺܲġ
ʹȥһˣҲȥ÷ˮг֮ǰ÷֮͸㱨ˡ˳ͳ÷߲˵¶Ҳˮ˾ʱܲٿֲרŹũ·⡣
һ˵Ҫȥɲˡ
︱糤˵Ҫɳ˸һ˻øš¶ˡ
ЦӦûûôһץˣһֳҡ
︱糤Էһ
˭֪ǸϵģֳˡɾڡҪˣ⸱糤Ҳܵˡ
Цİɣͬ־žˣǸӡ
︱糤ӣļٵģǣǲܳܡ
֪ͬ־ǲľԱˣϾǿ˻ڸɲϮˡҶеӰˡ
︱糤ȻȻǲô
ҳ־ͻˣÿơ
︱糤ЦǾͱˣ㿴ôʾһ£ۻûء
˿ǽĵطиӣȻȳһӦûõġ
߹ȥһȭͷȥˡ
汻ˡ
︱糤ˡǱˣİ칫
Ͻ⣬⣬⺺ΰ糤°칫ҹʿۡ

︱糤Ť˼أˡ
Ҫģͬ־ҵ˾ҵĶ⡣糤Ҳûˣ̫ˣȻǺܶˡ
︱糤ҲŤˡǺöûˣӶ֪˶ˡ
ˣ͵յȭͷˣλͬ־ȣһ˴򼸸ûɡ
ţ߰˸ûġ
︱糤۾Źˣ̲סʦˡ˸ԼǶѵһ¡
λƺǲù繤ʵģҲûÿˡ
Цܰĳ˰ɡ
ܣλʦڣסȫɳˡɳҲʮء
ԸԳĴˡ
ϣԼһӵ¶ʾǸ
ЦûʲôҲûˣ㵹ˡ۹ĸɲҲˣϰոԣˣǻſء
ҲЩпڵĸɲĿǼӡ
Ⱦȥˮ˾
ûҲ˱仯ȻǶˡ
ˡö๤˶ܸˣЦŴк
ŶҲӭӡ÷ҲϢˡҲϽܳ
ǹô¡أϴϮ¶Ƕ֪ˡϼûﶼͦġ
ˣǶϸĿ˵˵
Цˣû¶Ҷúùȥ
ɢˡ
÷֪û¶ģԵûɶǸ㱨
˰֣ţúһ㱨ֻˡҹ̸̸߲˵¶ˮ˾ܲܳһֲ߲ˡ
һ߲˹˾ġǿǵ߳ɱԾһ²Ͷˡ
Ҳˮ˾ģҪǸ߲˹˾Ҫݽȥˡ
÷˵߲𣿡
ͷͺڰ칫̸˻Ĵ߲ˡ
⼸߲Ѿĺܺˣٹһ¾ͿԳˡ
˺ͱ߲ĲһҪúܶࡣ
Ȼδ˸ϲԼֵС߲ˣôӪֵû뷨
δܶ껹Ǻгġ
ָũԼǲеģúֳһ·⡣
÷ȫû⡣ͬԸ̡߲ǿԸʵ̡˵ǻˣҲȥ
ϲ϶Ĵ𸴡
Цʵģ
У÷Ҳ϶
ã¶죬нЦ
÷¶ˣӣó÷ϵ¶׶ˡ
÷¶ǳ÷ͶӰ¶ˡ


330 330
ֺͳ÷ȥһ½ˮг
ˮгͽˮ˾ְԺ
½г, һڶڷϺ֮ġ
֮⣬һЩ߲˵Ҳ̯ٲȻһгˡ
ûּеĲг, ˮгⲻ˵Ҳܶࡣ
ˮгֻԸ˵ģһЩˮ˵ġ
ֻҪˮг̻, ǾͿԴˮ˾ûҼ۸ȴ̻Ҫ͡
Ϊˮ˾Ҫ׬ǵ
۸ͣҲΪȥá
Ͼô, ҲҪרõ䳵, Խʡɱ
ˮгֹǸһЩṩҵᣬҲˮг̻ˡҪƳ, ˮ, һͻ뵽ˮг
ͺغеĺгһ
ˮг, Ժˮ˾Զˮܿظӹ淶, õĸ˽̯λˮϰԵĵˮֱˮг۸˻ա
ˮг, ͶԳ÷ˮ˾ûˡ
ҲһλŮͬ־ֻҪһᣬ顣
ԼⲻЩС
ԼܻеŴġүүߵĺ, Ŵˡ
̲ס룬ϱǶĺúõģǲͻҸ
뵽ЩЦ̾˿
÷ŵ, ﲻ𣿡
, ܺá¸, ҶڵǺεġ߲г¶Ҳˡúøɣ
÷Цһ
ˮг׼ȥʳƷˡ֮ǰֺͳ÷ݶ
أѧҲ档Щáϴ¶Ҳ֪ˣȥ
ѧϰæȥ
Цŵ
÷ҲǸСӡ
СӣҲǶµСӡϲСʱǺģܶ¡
뿪ˮг֮ȥʳƷ
ÿ½½нˣʳƷҲøˡȡܹ׬һ
ԼǸԣӾǮǮǮ޲ûڹһʻǮ
˵ũҵפ¶ҲҪˡ깫絽ѧУǮ깫ȥˡ滹ҪʦǮطء
ҽһץ
Լ׬Ǯ˽ʱҲܲţɹҽԺҪ޵ġ
һҽԺûСɲС
Աиͷȵģʱ״ģܲܶԶܡ
ͺһȹĵľҽƺͽ
ҪչҽҲҪץġһס߸㽨衣
ҪȻԺ׬ǮƷ֮ҽƲУܣǿʧ˲ˡ
Ǯ¶
ʳƷĸ˻Ԭ
λҲǾ򽻵ġ
ʳƷЧ滹Ǻܲģ˵׬׬Ŀǰ˵׬ġ
Щҵ˵ֻҪ׬Ǯ⣬ǾǺ⡣
ϿӡǺõģҲԬλɲ̬ҪáҪΪʱְλߣ͵ˡ
Ԭʮܵ
Цŵӳ⻹Ǻܲ
ǻԣĿǰմгܹӯҲǺܲˡԬãҪǳɱ͡
˹ɱͲ˵ˣ͵ûݡϳɱҲ͡ǵ˹ȴԪġмĲȻǿɹˡ
ЦȻôãǾû뷨
Ԭ˼ǡ
гҾͲſûгԽԽˡԣˡ
ԬЦȷʵˣǵĹʶһЩ󻷾ˡ˵ʵͬĶڹǸ۸ڹھͲͬˡ
ˣ˼۸
ǻƵģһתõĹ档
ϰջǺܳԳڲƷһ׵ġֻҪ˵ǳڵģ;úá˾Ͷࡣ
ԬҡͷһҪˡĿǰҪĿ껹Ϸ裬ʱڲ
ЦԪȫܡ
ǲܱȣȫˣҪʲڹ⡣˺ڻڲԬ
Ҳˣ˵һ䣬Ƿˡͷ˵ļкġ
⻰Ͷ˵㡣
һֹΪûǸģܻΪһЩ
λ̫̫ļҲҲɷǰչ
ÿڻķչעҪһˡûԪ¶ȫϷĽУûȫľĻעҪˡ
ûϵûпбĵλڻ㽨衣
ҵǿԸǳ⣬ԺͿᡣԣҲ˫ӮˡУ۾Լɡ
⻰Ԭ֪кˡ
ʲô뷨
Ҳ׼һʳƷСͼźġӦҲ˽СǺҲȱ
ԬЦС죬ǵȻ֪ǺǺǿ϶ûġ
ǸոպһģҲ˵гֻΪͶ̫࣬ԲѡʱȻˣҾ˫ԺȫʳƷȫԸǴӹǾأ
ԬӹЩԥơ
Цǲģ԰żԱȥලȻλǾǸҪġһǿԲͶ̫Ϳ㹻ĲƷʼڹ̻
ЦʱҲԺͿӽܡ
Ԭɻʲôôأ
ǵȻкôһǿʱõ۶⡣ϾСƷҲҪġǺǿѸٵĵõһʴӹѡ
ԬͷЩҵĿǰЧǲģӹѲǷ
ĿǰûмǵǿԹ豸Ǽǲ졣ǴӹʱҲԽ⡣
һԬٴεͷ
ӹȻҪṩġ
ЦǺǺڹڵ·Ҳ̫ģǻǿԽǺС
Ԭϸһ룬ǺֻܲҪӹѺԭϷãͲòˡ
ǿԳһ¹гǱ
ֻǸܹ˾ľߡҪܲ㱨ġ
Ҳ⣬Ȱһ䣬ҺԬӴΣóԬҲ׳־ģţԬҲֻһСʳƷܹΪȫĴ󳧣ԬҲаġ統С죬ʼʱҲͼʮˣء
Ԭﶯ˶˿Цŵллǣһܹ˾úġұ˵ȻҲϣչĺá
뿪ʳƷ˿¶ҲûġţλԬӦûŬٳɵġ
Ź豸ͼģǵ׻ŽʡһǮʡʡ
 ؼ˻豸ͼҲ˲Űֹͨй˲š
޷ʳƷ̶ֳȡ
ԺҲѷչ
ſʳƷĴȾͲһˡǴӹ͵û˼ලǵָǵĹǻҪġ
ȴӹһʱĳˣȻȻҲᱻ̳ˡԺı׼ȫǽڵı׼
ɾͲһҵˡʱ䣬Ҳˡ
һֱ˵ӹҲĳҵҲǸܶҵӹ
ԺʳƷʱ䳤ˣҲʳƷҵڲĴӹ󳧡


331 331
ԬȻҲ, ȻˮǴߵԼڿĵλ
֮ǰڿҲǸ߹٣ֻǸֹ˾һžֻʳƷ, ԵС
ƳطСƣʵڲʲôõطܵ, ̾ˡ
˷չᣬԬҲٳɡ
ǸϽ͸ܹ˾˵绰¶
Ϊ˱ֳͺԶ, ̰˸, Լϰһ¡
ԺҪǰˣĹҲ͸ˡ
ⷽûöԲ񡣱ϾҲǿ, Ҫݹ͡¶, Ҳ൱ǻرˡ
ܲȻǿˡ
κͶС, ر, ǿġʳƷҲϿ׿ڰŽġܲҲӡ
ڸȨ֮ܲҲϿ顣
ϿֻһѩѵĹ, Ͱ鶨ˡҲԽĿ˻гˣֻΪԭûԪִŵȥɡ׬ǮȻҲԸȥġ
ر
, Ͳ±ӡ
һֺ۵ľ飬Լʶ
ܿ죬ܹ˾͸Ԭˣ¶ͬˡ
ͬӹҿعг
Ԭ˵绰֮, ˵ڰ칫˰ȭͷ, Ȼ绰, ǣˣ㿴ʲôʱǿ̸
绰ͷҲ˿ЦŵʱԣʱûҪˡ
ûϵҲҪһϸļƻϵϡԬ緢
ȻˣȰѺ¶̸ãȻ̸̸¶ȻԴӹڽʳƷǻȱġҪǶָ
⵱Ȼûġ
ԺϾǿĴӹˡ
˵绰֮ͨѶԱȥ֪ͨˡ
ͨѶԱˣҡҡͷͨѶýˡÿӱ밲װ绰ˡܲԺʲô¶ҪͨѶԱȣ̫ˡ
磬ͰЩǺͶӳԼܾý糤йˡ
ǿʳƷӹ
ԭ׼ֻһӿģ֮ǰͼƻ߼ҴһϳһʳƷ
ڼȻͿɹˣˡ
ȱȱ·ģʲô̯ӿء
ԹΪͶΪһʳƷӹ
ʳƷӹҲԽԱͶʡ
飬糤е㵣ġ
Ȼ֮ǰǹܽģĿǰҲڽ棬Ǿ֪ʶҲǶһġ
ôˣû𣿡
磬˵Ҳ˳ˡ
ǿɲҪֻҪƷĳȥûǹ涨ǳ˲ܲͶʣ˹˾Ͳֺܼ죬ֻܽǮȡȥ൱¾ɽ档
ôͶʣǸⰡ߼ҴӵĸǵĵǿʼΪǵˡ
Եʱ䣬ǸԴӷ䡣ǰڷÿܵռȣȻԼȥϸ֡ʵҲ൱ǸԼ쳧һֻδҺˡ
żҴӵ⻹Ǽ¶
ЦԭΪǾͰСô̯ӡ
Ц̯ӴˣǾˣ
ҶЦˡǴţûʲôµġ
Ƕ쵼Ƿġûĸ쵼ôľġ̸⣬
ǽⰡ
ľߣǻֵ֧ġ
УȻ۽Ͱѷݶһ֡˸ӣÿռٷ֮ʮռٷ֮ʮô֣ǸԻȥԱ鶨ˡȻǵøϽˣͬ־ȥש˵һץʱש
ӦˡҲ̵ġש߳ˡ
ԱҲˡ
ǰĶû꣬ˡ
ֺ֮װ绰¶
ڸҲǮˣװ绰϶ûġ׼ͳһװˡ
͸װˣǇNɪ
˶ӵĿСϴռ˱ˣҪȥСϴԵ㣬ʲô䱸ˣ܇Nɪ
Ӷװ绰¶Ҳֵ֧ģϾֳгˣȷʵҲҪװ绰ˡ
ҿֹܻװһ
ǰ󱨵ۺϰ칫ңͳһװ
ֶˣ·ҲˣǮǮû塣ǹ絽ʱҲҪ·ģȥ·ˣԺ㡣
·⻰ǺͶӳǶһɿȡ
ˣ·ǸԼȥŰ졣

ʲôãǻǮ졣
Щ׬ǮûأھҪ⻨ˣˡ
ôǰ·¶ˣ׼ȥʹӸɲͲǺϼƺϼƣˡÿǮ
ܿ죬ӸɲǾͻȥˡ
ȿСᣬѹ¶˵һ顣һ׬ǮĿиɲǶ˷ܻˡ
ɲĲŽζǰùʣոһյĸͬĻ
Źʣŷֺ죬ÿ׬ǮĻ
иɲǶĿż顣
֮󣬸Ӿͷ֪ͨᡣԱͨһϢ
ߴ׬Ǯ¶ˡ
Ͷ˲ԿͶ˲ϵӴԺǼԴˡ
ѾͷԱһϢûˣֱӻƲȥҪͶʡ
ͶˣҪ޶۶ȥǮġֿͶˣ̫ˡ
ûʱ䣬ӾͰͶʵǮˡ
ôһգˣһٶء
Ĳεһη֣ڹԱͦǮġһܴôǮ
˵Ҫ޶ˣܴոࡣ
Ǯˣ糧ĹͺĿչˡ
ҲӼ尲װ绰ʹϾǮĴˣøϡ
˽蹤֮⣬޵СѧҲ½½ĿҪ깤ˡ
糤߸˵㱨׼ʼʦˡ
׼ȥУﲻȥУƸҲС
ԼĳжˡȻŵÿܰ೵ͣȷÿܻؼҷ㡣ֻҪ̸
糤ЦУ⻰Ҿʲôˡ
糤ܿⶨƸȻȥִ롣
һҪôҲˡ
Ȼʽʦûܿôϸ񣬵ÿҲǺܱġ
糤ͽһ
˵ڹôȵķչ־ϲ糤һ
¶ôðģڹ翼һܲһӾ͸ˡ˭֪Ǽٵġ
¶־ֳس㱨ˡ
ϾˣҲҪسǩֵġ
سôѧУ⾭ѿɶڽˡУҲȥ˵ڷչôãһûȥء


332 332
س컨ڵϢǰ֪ͨλġ
쵼΢˽, ҪǰкġҪȻбĹţһ쵼ͻȻðˣ˼⹤͵
һϢ˷ˡ
쵼Ǻ¶ͻӭ쵼
쵼һ, ⲻǾܵõ֧
ͺ糤һĥ˵רŽӴسɲ, øʲôǸʲôҪǻȡһչֳ
ҲûиʲôرĻӭʽ˸, ŴʲôʱҪ, 糤ڹ·ӭˡ
ʱ򣬾ǰͣ, 糤Ĺȥк
سӼճ, ۽µ·, ·޵Ưѽ
Ц, ҪǷԱϼ
سͷ
Ĳ˵·ǰһ, ⻨ںܲͬ
سнֵľֳԼسͽ¡
νӴЩˡԼ糤سľֳι۹硣
һ·سڿ
ĻڹĹȷʵǺܴġϵķ̶ȾͿԿˡ
˵ϷӽĶã󰡡
ƽʱ϶ضĳһ˻࣬ʱǺٵġһ, ˾Ͳ٣ġ̯߰ģġ
˿˾;ʻ
س⣬ϵľõڿչˡ
Աƽʱû¶С׬Ǯ
ǵĻûɣũֲҲǺҪѽس
û, ֻڵֵũƷûǰô, Ʒ, ͺôˡ
ǰһļţһһ֣һ춼ݡ
֮󣬴ֲĶ͸й滮ˡڳʱ׬ǮԼЩũˡ
رֲ˵Ҳ࣬㲻ִˣ֪߲·û֮󣬶ģ߲ⶫֲʱ٣Ǯ졣
سһ·ľֳѧУ¶
糤ЦȥСѧ
ĹСѧǺƯģֹģ󣬶ҹҲࡣ
ҲǮԭ򣬴ȥ굽꣬һֱڲǮ糤߽ѧУġ
ѧУĲСѧҪá
ѧУͦðľֳ̲ס޵
Ц糤עؽġ
糤Ǹӣ֧֣ǵĹŸ˳
سôҲͷ
ӡ
Ҫ֮ǰŸɣҲ費Ļˡ
ľֳȻǸˡܽģ޲ø綼ӽ
ǾΪѧУ룿
糤͵ֹأ⻹ѧУǸӳ޵ģǹٲһЩģҲҲ뼯нԴûôѧУƬͽԭ򡣡
Ҳôϣľֳȵ
سҲ棬ǿƵģ
ܰǺһġӶϡ糤˵¶͸ˣ˵Ǵͷãѧߣб´Ŵ׬ǮԱҲϣԼҺгϢˡﵥλйѧҪ󡣾ͶӽˡؼĻǴǮˡ
ҪûǮǰһǰ״
ûҪˡ
سЦŵţǾûڵԱܲһͦҶ뿴ǹôˡ
ҪۿųתתҲһǵĹɹ
СسЦŵͷ
ˡ
ҲÿӶȥسԼѡ
سѡСϴ壬ϾطǶģȻֵӡ
żճתת
뿪·ϣسֿʩĹءӻС̣׼ʲô
ͰѽʳƷ¶˵ˡ
سȣⲻģҪ󹤳̰
ЦҪǶŪ׬ǮĿϰնǮչϸԣ
سĿǰ׼˵ڵԱǱȽϸԣˡ
һԴɲĸȵϵġ
һ·ϣسֿ˻ڹĲͬˡ
ؾأǻڹ羹ȻдССء
һ˽˿ڵġر϶Сéݣҹġ
Ҳһķ羰ˡ
سʵҲ֯ģ
ǴԼŪġԱǶڷ¸Ǻܻģָһ·ǾԼȥˡ
سҲ
ҲɲġʵµһԱԼ
ڻڵһ֪ԱԼŬ¸ˡͱĲ໹Ǻܴġ
ֻˣŻ
ռ֮ģسǲǵġںǰѾһˣʳûȥˡЩҲǿջũƷģֻջֳƷѡ
һҲû˷ء
ѹЩԱǮˣֵ֮⣬ǻԲ뼯嵥λֺ죬Լ˽Ҳ㡣һ𣬲ԣҲѰ
ľֳһʣЩԱһ룬ֻ±ȳ˶ࡣ
ٷչ꣬ˡ
Сϴ壬سҲ˴˵еСϴֳˡ
Сϴˮֳģʮִ󣬱ߵʱҪܶࡣ
ź߿ȥܿŹģˡ
˵гˣΪӲģϽȥӭӡ
֪ˣŵĲˡ
سĴҵĹѡ
سЦøʲôʲôȥǾߡ
Ȼô˵ģҲ߰˹ԼҲ·תơ
Сϴ岻ǵһԣĴӡ
·ѾһˣһҲڸǣʩ
Ͽʱ䣬ûһͯҰûĺҲûһʲ֪ȥ϶жˡ
Ϊں࣬ض࣬ҲҪעⰲȫ⡣ҲҪѧ֪ʶҰˡ
ǿܶû¶ɣһ㣬ڼſ졣
һıˡ
ǻǵûϳسЩɲֱӺ񣬡Ǻþûȿˮ
Էɣۼҽ˺ôһء
Цŵ쵼ҡ
һ쵼ǵö쵼Ҷس
سеЦЦ
ǾĺسȫǸ˵ûġ쵼֪ĺãԺְܸˡԱǵ뷨ô򵥣˭ǺãҲ˭á
Ǹɻر棬رá
쵼ǣǸøɲ
۶ڿ԰ˡȥһ˻òĳԷ⡣
ǣɶˡÿྣֻر
ֵˣۻܲ
˵ĶʵǶͶֳġÿǮ֣ǻǮط࣬Щֺ͹ˡȫΪġԷֵĵضˡЩȽŲľ֡Щͽ꿪ʼҲֲΪԼ룬ҲۼˡҲˡ
ӹıˡ
ڱϵɲһ˵ĹͰǴҹͬŬĽ쵼Ҳ˺ܴİֳسԵء
Աǲ֪쵼ԭسһĳԾĿسȻسл
سǵһôԱһĿɲģҲˡ
˵ĺð
쵼۹á
úúãǡҿǵҲˡϣƳظԱܹ
ǶЦá
뿪Сϴ壬سطáŶúð
ľֳҲˣҸҲһ£˵Ҽһѧˡ
ЦǮˣ˭ܲúѧأ
糤ҲЦ
ǿɲѧͶǻᱻƵġ
Ҫ¸ѧӲ


333 333
سȥѡеĴ, ȻʱûСϴ·ǾӪģʽҲǲġ
ܶǶйˣڴӵĵλϰ࣬͵ľڼֵȻء
ҲСϴ, ϶ûɶѵġȫȥѧˡ
һ·, Ķǰҵ, ĶǺ¸
ֵһ, ˺öԱֲˡ
һȥˮ͵ġ
˳һ䡣
͵ǹĺͬ־ģȥѧ˴ֲ, ڹƹ㣬ԺԱṩһµԴɼ, ϱġ
س˵ҪǳɹˣȫطΧƹ㣿
ֻҪ, ǻϾûˡϾڹڵ߲гǺܱ͡
ִģֲ˵, ӦûûС
سɸˡҲоͷԡһֲ֪ҪǸúãǾͿΪƳǵĵڶũﾭˡˮֳࡣ
·أ
ʵѿᡣ
, Ϊûдģ֣ʱˮ˾𿪱һ߲˹ŵġǵı֡
سϿɵĵͷܵǸˮ˾Ǻܲ
Цŵ, Ҳûܶ٣ǹԼаáһź˵һأȹ, Ҿж, ܲռߵְ񡣡
سҲû˵š֪δ϶Ҫ֯µġһ˾ȷʵҲˡ
ҲĸӵӡȻ, ĳЩ棬ҲģУǵʱƼһˡ
ˣҾù˾ĸܳ÷ͬ־ͺƽʱ϶ڹܣˮгҲġ߲˵¶ҲˡҪ߲ܰ¶ãҾƼ
÷سͷУҪ߲ܰ¶ˣ㲻˵Ҳ
ֻҪܹ£ǵȻֵ֧ġ
ڿɶ磬ƳǸء
껮¶ûسԼҪݺݵȡһ¡
Ƴʷһûᡣ
ζԻڵĿ칤سľֳ⡣
ľֳ˵糤ڽľĺ֮ٿڵķչǰˡ
سڻڵδҲӡûδƳԣĴˣܻҪƳӣҲֹ֧
ͶҪʲôͺᡣܸģ͸
ûôӭ쵼ǿɲ쵼ɼģҪ
ҲûֱҪǮǮ¶ǱȽ˸顣
ĵǷ㣬ͨسǵ·ޡΪÿӶˮ߲Ҫ䣬ƫƫЩʱЧҪġ·ϵһӶӰƷʡĿľ͸ˡ·
⻰سҲʮϿɡ
ȷʵҪһ·߳ȥˡڻǶ࣬ҪѶȥǮ
·ͺҪˡ
ּǽҪģΪҪͶʳƷϽѧУҲҪãھЩȱˡ
سտ껨ڣԻʮġҲʮִ󷽡
˵رԣܱȻһҪǿܶܶࡣ
һ·Ҫûںѹɶ˵ûжѹˡ
˾΢һ
ȫﻹлҪ
¶һͽͨ˵˵·ʱ򣬰ƻ
糤һӲס޲õЦ
쵼Ǻ쵼
¶سǸǽˡ׻˵Ҫ븻·Ǹ¸·
سЦǹúãҵȻҪֵ֧ġ
֪ͺͷͶһзչͶǮ
ϾڷչãҲ﷢չð
мѡ
ʡһǮڳڴȱǮ״̬޲ðж˵¶ֱ̫
Ǻ棬سˡ
û͵ġس˵һ·˵𻨸δĽƻ˵ԺͨӰܱߡ
˵ʳƷδΪܱ߹ṩٵĸλܴܱ߹翪
سҲʮֺá񻭵ʵӾˡ
ţ·ˡ
˵·Ժ󲻹ʳƷũƷܳͨĽسˡ
ֱһ·¾㱸ֻǷ
⻰˵سһЦ
سȥ֮תͷȥͨˡ
Ҫ;ֳúõ·ôޡ쵼׼ˣ쵼ٲˣ¶ڹǵöġ
һ糤Чʾˡ
ͦί񣬡ǲЩˣس᲻
ᣬҾļˡ

ΪĿ˲ǵġһͷسһæｻͨһ󣬲ǵ󼸸ܡ
ֵǮ
һֱʵʵĶҪˡ
糤羴岻ѡ
ûôǣ߯ˡ
Ҫǻǰ֣糤ߺǣǲҺᣬˣҲװģĵһӣﰲšȥߡ
·¶ｻָͨġ
Ϊ̫żֶͨûõ֪ͨ
ֳֹܾͨس˵绰ˣõ϶֮Ҳġ
żƻ·ء
ҪţҲǵ˵
˶ˣǲˣƵóĽͨ·ͼȻһں·ߡ
·㳤Ҳϰ15Ӧеġ
ùֳܾĶˡ
Ͳܻꣿ
ֳܾǳػе¶֪ģƳǵĹڻûƳҲڴ㾭÷չϣӡǻĿǰҲͷˡس·ɲֻ·һǵķչ
ñӾʹˡ
Ҫ·˷չǾǵƳǵδˡ
ֳܾҲðĿ
·ҲˡΪ˷㻨֮⣬ҲܹмһЩṩ
ڵ죬Ŀ֮糤뿪
żճһ·Ϲ۲·
·ʯ·Ѿöˣӿݵġ
Ҫ޳·ˣô붼úܡ
糤·ԺˣǻڿҪһ¥
·Ҫ޵ˡ·иôͷˣʹã¶
糤Цȥһ˵׼ˡ
Ƕ¶ûȤˣΪˡ
ͿʼһˡͷѧУ¶֮ǰܰ𣿡
ûġ糤·ȫѧ
ĵͷһЩ¶ˣǺǵ⿪ƻˡͷϵĹҲҪҸӡ
ĸ糤ɻһȱءǰյڡ
糤ⷽ滹ǱȽİŵġϾǹñӡ
˿ûֵ뷨ġ
ʵкʵѡ𣿡
֣ô
糤һûӦ֣˭Ȼ뵽⹫֣ҲУƺһ֣ģֻλˡ
֪ôڡ
Ϊ֣ϵȷʵá֮ǰ֣һɵġڿ˵֣ûоɡ˵ʡ
ô࣬ǾԵһ¡
еģǰ浱ǣܵҴ塣ʱƺͽƣԱֵػԡ߼ʱҴ嵹ǷչĺáԱܳԱӡ
ҿ֣Ǹ
糤ͷһͬѧͬһġɼǻѧ¼ȡʵͲһûϣѧÿˡ
ôͺͿأ
糤ʾԼҲ˵ס
ܺϺ塣
Ҳп̫˳ˡΪ֣糤һУž͵ɲΪеĻԱȱĸɲĳԾԼˡҲǸѧǲУбҵȷʵСࡣ˶ˡǺռƣߣԵǣ֣糤͵糤
Ͷˡ
ٿɣͰѽһץáٿûкʵء
糤ĸоԼ͵һ¡·֪λǵĴˡ
Ҫ֣ˣ
ܰɡ


334 334
ڿ⡣
һ˵ġǻڵɲ, ȷʵǷȱһЩ飬ٻǲô㡣
֮ǰҲλ˵ҪǸɵĺãûεĻᡣ
Ȼ, ֻһ档
Ļǿǵ
ܵ糤, ܻЩµġ֣糤Ϻ, ȷʵͲ, ƽʱǺܿ׵ġ
˵εһЩˣ糤Щˣġ
˵Ҳ֤һ㡣
ֱӽܻڵһЩ, ǲӦˡܷĿǰٷչĴ㡣
Ȼֻһ뷨ѡǷ, Ҫλ֣ı֡
糤͸Ҳ뿴λ֣ȥ֮󣬻û׳־Ըƴһѡ
˹, ˾ͰҪ·¶˹ɲ, ·һڽģӦ糤𡣵糤ҪѧУһ̯¶, ¶ͽֹ֯Ľ糤ˡ
糤ϲ콵ϲ, Ƕλ쵼һ
˵糤ˣɲҲλ
ôһӣ·Ҫˡû˻ᡣ
Ǳ߶, Ǳ˽ʳ׼Ϊ֮ǰҲҪ·, ҪǮĵطࡣ·Ҫˡҹ绹óǮ
Ǻ޲Ϳһ
һɻ, ǮǶˣ⻨ǮٶҲˡܹʡһˡ
øҲţ··Ҳҧҧ޵ġǾͳһ
糤ȥ绰͸˵һҪ˳û׼·ֱһˡϾðţһΰŵǷ㡣
ͷ¶ͽ糤ˡ
ܿ죬綼֪Ҫ·¶ˡ
쵼Իڵķչ⣬Ҫ·ֻ֧ڽ衣
Ա⻰ûʲôоϾ·ƺûϵҲȥﰡƽʱæ׬Ǯʱȥ䣬һȥ˼Ρ
Ӹɲͺǽˣ·Ҫˡ
ЩˣЩ㣬гĲƷ˳ȥ·ˣܵĿˣ׬ǮٶȲҲˣ·ÿ춼Ҫøʮ˱鶼Ӷġ
ԱԵĸо·Ҫˡ
ȻԱʵ۶·񲻴ߣǲҲҪˣ
Ӹɲ
Ӧ·Сϴ塣
Сϴ嵽һִģʮӦ뵱ǻŪһʯ·ء
ǮˣȻ޵ҲҪޡ
һӦӾͲˣȻ׷Ӧύһ·ƻ
ٵҲҪ·ڹʵֵ·̸ǾͲˡ
糤ˣ·¶ڹܣϣͺˡҺɼ
ΪҪ·ڹæµˣʳƷӿʼ·æĽŲմصģɲǶæĽŲմصġ
ֳ֣һͬ־Ҳˣ̸̸ֳĽ⡣
֪糤˼֣ˡ
֣һĺ̸ֳĸıƻ
ˡ
з
ΪĿǰֳ໹ģȻӶ࣬ǶˣҲͲϡˡ
з
зԹʳǰǾû⣬ԲڴӹĺˣзҲҪʼֵǮˡԽҪʼз
ȡԺ˵з뵽ڡ
ʲôʱ뷨ģ
ʵҲֻ֣һֱû¾ġ³
ڣ
ԣǲҲûʮİȻʹˣǵӲܱСˡ
ЦŵУз¶ȥ졣ҪǰˣҲһɼ
֣վ׼ߡ룬˵˼仰ʵҲ벫һһع硣
ع磬ܱ֤ɼںǰһˣҲڵı仯ˡϵ˼вͨģѧͨչκͣͲǰˣǹ緢չ谭
ҾԼġǰ˼ûת֣ѵõ˵Ļˡ
ҲԼ˺ܶ࣬Ŀ˻ڵı仯糤˼빤ˡ
糤˵ǵĻ
ǰ治硣
Ҳˣλ֣ͬ־ȷʵı˺ܶࡣǰӣִرǿʤ
˼ת˺ܶࡣ
Ȱз¶ãˣҲźúسᡣ
⻰֣һϲǴӦˣ
ûӦֻ˵ᡣǰúáҪȻҲسı⡣֣һͬ־֪ܲ˵㡣ϰ˵㡣úãϰվúãҲҲܡ
Ҷˡ֣ˡ
Լ˼뻹ǲһ㡣
ϰհİҪġ
һĻֳ
׵ĸıԼǰЩϾɵ뷨
֣׼з¶ܿҲöĺ֪ˡ
ϸҲ벻ܹ֣ͨ
֣ġ
öϺƫˡ

Ҫ֣ȵģһҡ
ΪҲŹǸճĸ糤λء¹ʧˡ
һҪΪ
ǰΪСϴо飬áзûʲôõľ顣
æŽʱ򣬺߸Ĵ߲Ҳ½½ˡ
ε߲ھ£ϲˡ
ֹ磬Ҳá
߲ũҹѲ˸ˣҹĳҲˣ˶ߡˣµһ㡣
һĲֱ֮һЩӷ䵽ͬسˡ
ⶼˮ˾ڸҵһЩ̡
ǽ˵ֻ֮ͬĲ˷ӡܿ죬߲˾ͷˡ
ϰһȥˣͷԭҪһӵ߲ѾˣҳĻͦá
Щ߲˶ҪһصûˣǰʣȻܶࡣѹͲ㻹
ˮ˾ЩͳȻ㱨ڹ硣
һһ֮˷ܵˡ
ǣǲǴǳɹˣҿԼŴָˡ
Цϲ㣬߲ҲΪǻڵĵڶ֧ҵˡ
Ц죬豭һڲ裬ڻۣȶŸأҴȥһЩʵĲֻǾҳߣʺǻڵ߲ˡ
˾һɼˣͻ¶Ȥͻԡ
޲ԼǸũרֲˡһζɵĿڸ糤λĵһ۵ĳɼ
жҲʮ֧֣⻹Ҫƹ㣬һֲ˵ҲرࡣƹҲҪġ
ģһɹˣԱǿ϶ѧġҾ͸ǡ꣬ҵĲϿɶȱ˳ˡ
Խ룬ԽԱ⣬Աˡ
ԱԺԺúȺáǶôĳɼ
ǣҵȥæˣҪٿũҵ顣ʼڸƹ㡣
ͷȥˮ˾ñκҪ˵˳Լȥˮ˾̸̸ۼƻмƻƹ㡣
ϡӦ


335 335
ʵѹͲҪƹ, ӵԱǵڶЩũĵЩ͵ĲһһƬһʲ֪ҹ, Ǯˡ
һ, Ƭ˵صɱũƷҪǿˡ
ؼǺô, ҳҲ졣һļ, ܳüء
Ǯ찡
õȹˣЩ˾ͿʼƻŰԼҵĵ, ׼ũˡ
Ƕ, ԼСΧֲˣýˮ, 㡣
Ҫ˵ԱⲻУҪ˵κأǸһĿ, Ǿö취Լҵĵء
Щ˻໻, ԼҵؾȻƽ, ׼ȫɴҪ͸ġ
Ⱥٿʱ, ӸɲǾͷ׷ױʾ, ƹû, ⶼ¶ֻҪṩ, ȫû⡣

õһĻ, һֶû˵ء
¹ôǺõġԱǵ֧Ҳܸˡ
Ҳ˵ԼյСϴ, һĸ㷢չ, Ӧξˡ
ʱľЩЩ, òԼûãԱԼ븻ԣ
룬Լʱ̫ˡ
ԱĻá
ǹǸֳͰȫԱԴˡ
Ļڹ磬ûûƶһһ¸·ϱ
ںĴ£Ҳչ˴ֲҵ
Ȼ׼¶Ҳȥӿ˿һǿôһҲԱ֪̬ȣǸģĴ󵨵ȥֻҪֳˣ⹫ǽ
¶ȥ·絽·Ѿʼˣ糤ÿ춼ڿš
·ʳƷ裬Ԥʮ·ݿ깤
û깤ѾʼˡԼˡӭʶ֮ʿӦƸ
˹֮⣬糤ҲڸطƸʦϢ
ЩƸϢֻҪ߸ص¾־ˣǻὫЩϢȥ
¹ʦƸǹƸõĲˡ
ڽʦƸסÿѧУר͡⻹
ʵϾļӹʡΪְλĹʶб׼ģжԲߣ糤͸˸ǲǮ׼Ҳб׼ġ˽ѧ֮⣬ѧעÿ꿼ѧóóɼҲ߱׼
ôһЩʦʦֻ಻١
Ұѧ١һ˽̺ܶˡ
йĴҲһȡȻйûνҲһ׼ȥ˻ڹĹͿ԰ѻתȥΪĹˣǿͶʹ
ûҲԺͻڵЩԱһͶʣԺùʻ÷ֺ졣
Щ׼ʱ򣬻Ҳڸгˡ
һ磬λôõ
ЩֱӴ绰ڹѯƸα
ӵ绰רŸ¶Ƹ¡
ɣСֱӷŻȻģܲӦƸϣǾͿλıˡ
˵˻治١
ܴһǴġȻǸС磬ǹؼĺð
ͷΪǮ米Ҳôѡ
ҵλгͣһܻؼһΣȫ¶
ڹ綼ˡ
ľҲԼҿշʰʰʼˡйڼסŷ㡣
糤ҲûŸǽԣڿԵһ죬ȸǿ˸ᣬ˰ѻڵĵͼ˳ǽһ»ĿǰԼδĹ滮
ҪԻһδҪһЩʩ
׼һһʽҽԺнƸҽԱδҹȫõҽ⡣
ǻһҰٻ̵ꡣûְٻ̵꣬ƷСȫõĲ㡣
ˮҲҪˡǽͻῪʼģΪ󣬼ְ࣬ˮǽͻɵġ
⸽δҪģԺһ鶼ҪȫþµԺʩԳΪ׼ġ
һ֪ʲôδĹ滮
ֻž;úãǳá
ҪǽôãȷʵҲȳˡ
رһЩϽʦڼҵģػظλˣǾطϺܺʣȳﵱʦҲͦá
Ĺ˾Ͳ˵ˣﵱֻΪǮһδչͦõġ
ûԼô
ȻôõĹ磬Ǻܲһġ
йʼһҪȫԸ
糤ЩģЩ裬û㲻ɡ
Щ˲ȷʵҪãǾͺܿ졣ЩȷʵϾˮ֮ǰ׼·Ǯ۾ˮˣȥˮҪϾͽʳƷˮǼƻˮܵģҿǵóԼˡ
糤ź߹Ʋͬ⣬ϴǴļ黹û
ٸһᡣ
糤˭˭ᰡ
׼źһᡣ
׼ũеģðɣźϺôھӣڸڡ̧ͷͷģÿ
ҪԸԺǺõĺ顣
ҲûΪѸڵźСΣԼȥѦΡ
Ѧκͦ죬Ͼźϵ֮һж˳
Ǻ֧źϣźǱվȽŸˡ
ѦΪġд
²豭˷ܵδǺĻɾ͸ˣǹ˵¶֪𣿡
ѦЦȻ֪ģҼһ˲ء
ǴģֲˣԺũֳɶԣˣũͬ־ˣ͵ôǮˡ
ѦҲˡȻڵũͬ־ȡǮٶҲ죬ǴǮҲࡣȡȡģҲÿ
Ժԣˣݾ͸ÿˡ
˵˼ѧУй
Ժʦ͹˼Ǵǧˣ⹤ҲҪа
Ѧһ۾ˡ
̾ˣĿǰ⣬Ͼ㽨ܻѵġ
һǮ
ѦˣҪ
ɫʣ򰡣
ʮɡ뽨Сˮ
ѦΣ
֪ΪѣҲ˼ǣⲻ׼ȥũеġܹܲǴҲ˼
ѦЦЦʲô˼أȻǳںģǿǣǿ̸ϾҪ
Ѧ˼ǣͬǴ
⵱ȻˣǴˣȥũСαȥɫأԼ˲ð£
˵Ķ豭ҵøлѦ㰡ǰǴæˡźϣȻõĻ飬ũͬ־ҵĺ֡
ѦЦˡ


336 336
ͬһħһ, һͿʼ㽨ˡ
ָŸϽȻù緱, ǮˡȻ, Ҳǽ
֮ǰҲˮ, ϾϵˮҲҪˮ, ܲܶˮˮǴӹġ
ԼҪˮ˾ǿɷˡԺ󲻹ܸʲô, ̶Ҫܶࡣ
Ϊˮ˾޽, ֮ǰЩƸԵ˸ǻĴˣûڹȷʵᰴ֮ǰĹ滮޽ȥ
Ժط, ԸӼᶨҪڻڹֹˣǻһЩһ顣
Ƹ糤ÿ˵·硣
ӦƸЩ˵, ܶʦݵϽʦ, ֮ǰѧУġһˣѧҲǸ
һЩʦѧԺҲ, ҲһСʦԴ
ѧУһʦ˷츲صı仯ˡ
Ͼ֮ǰСѧʦ, ܶ඼ǳ͸˵, ѧʦء
ſα, һķʽû, ԻڵĽһֱôϸеĶ١
Ҳû취¶, ǻäʱҸѧҵĵʦͺܲˡ
Щʦ, ԺɾͲһˡ
Ժϸ, ѧĶпܡ
ΪһרŹܽ, 糤;ôĽǽ
ǣԺܰѻڷչĸá
糤Ժ絥λ涼Ǵѧĳˡ
ں㽨ʱȫչ˺˵ϴ
ǹҲӵϴ֪ͨ
ļݣЩɲһϴ̺ƽʱɲһ׼֮ǰںöɶҪץ
ҪץͲˡ
ȫصϴչʼϲܶ鷸Ƶ˵õϳ͡
֮󣬼ǰδС
Ϣ˵ĳĳ·٣ץǹС
лΪڴϺ˶ŹҲץ̡
Ϣÿ춼СֽҲǱطϢɼιҶΰӡҲӱֽϿΰ⣬ҪȻҲץôˡ͹Żץ١
һӣȫΧΰж
֮£ƳǵԵܶࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰƳǾѾйһϴˣȻûô󣬴·ΧǺܹģȫضɨһΡҲһЩ첻ˣϢسҲϴһ
Һõΰ⣬һҪȻҲһԱˡ
ʱƳƽƽģҲ˵ǹúáҲǱȽ۵ĳɼˡ
سЩ˵ãǰץˡҪǻڣߡ
ƳǵЩС죬ӦøлľﵱǴδץΰжˡ
ڹЩɢļǺ޲øļͷ
ڵʽҪǵǲǼҺӣźԼϹֻ֡һĶȥΣһģƻóǹӡ
Ÿĳ˳ǹˣĳΪ͵ھӼҵļץȥˣһĺµĲˡ
ȻĻǻǱˡ
ȥϷĻҲϢˣΪϷҲǴٵĵط
ڳÿ춼ЩϢҲ̸ۡ
ЩС֮ͷƤʼ飬󱳻ð
Ƿ֣ЩΪ̵ĳЩ¶Ҳ͵ܡ̻Ҫѡ
ԽԽŵͷƤ顣
˰࣬һľ͸ϽȥϼҴ绰ˡ
ڶﶼװ˵绰ˣװõ绰֮󣬼˾ͨ绰Ǵ˵绰롣
Щ˶ŶӸ˴绰ǣԼ⼸겻׼ȥˡҪߴ򹤡
ԶԶԣҲûɶıգʵʵ򹤺á׬ǮҲһϼͶʵĿɶˣⲻǰۻͶʳƷǶ׬ǮûͶʣԺϣɶûС
ҲôģиطǮǱˡû»ţʱôӴ
˺ͼҲô㡣
ԼҲûǸȥıٶ׬ǮȥҪѧٻȥҲУǲܻȥˡ
׳¶
ôһŪԭ׬Ǯȥ˼ҲЪˡ
ǲˣǵù
лǸṩôһݰȫĹ
һЩ죬յܶ˵ĸл
Ķˣ˼Ҷúл
ҪͶġ
һûӡ
Ϊĸ٣ȻҲϣԼµϰնҵ˶ܸ¶
¶Ҳû׸ɡڵץΰڲץΪΰܺãһһ㽨裬ȫõ¶
Ϊ¶ȫԵģռͻ绰ߵ
֮ǰϮ¶ûϼ˵ģǵġ֪Ƴ֮ǰѾһΰˡ
͵߹
ͦõģ쵼⣬֮ǰץĺϣڻûʲôĲۡǻҲƽԱһһ׬Ǯ
ͷˣ칫ҲУиӵĻǳ¶ˡͦµġˣиҵлˡ˵㵱ᣬҪȻ϶ܲ
ᵱũ֮󣬾ͱȫӵ˶ţҲʵˡȢӣҲƽƽġ
ϴٴθһѣԼЩ˼ǶôΣաÿȥũˡ
ҪȻǹӵľһ
Ҳôģĸмռҵл˵Ƕ񵱳ˡ
Լ˲ŻôĹܰҪǻˣ˭ܣ
˾ˣᣬֻǲƻѡ
ҲԼû¶ҪȻ˭ҲȲˡ
µףȫϴڳڹĸֳٴӭһηա
֮⣬ڹ޵ѧУҲʼˡ
ʳƷһڵĳҲˡ
ÿæɹһʳƷҲˡ
ϾǸӹģԿڼ豸涼ҪṩģȻ豸ǻʳƷǮģпаæʡʱʡˡ
ʱ򣬾ͺԬ˵ˣǰȥͲõĻʳƷĲƷˡ
ǵԿţǾûˡȻֻ֮ǴӹǻʳƷȫؿͻġ
Ԭʲô׼أ
Ҫʲô׼Ǿʲô׼֤û顣һڱ֤
⻰Ԭ⣬ҪеĴӹʶͺˡ
ҲԼͶˡ
ҪʲôƷԼӹ൱ġ
ڳﰲ˼ԱȥʳƷָǹҪԻʳƷϸҪ󡣱׼ͿҪһ
ӿʼӪҲûм
ϾЩ滹ûкʵˡ
һѡһʱԼѵġôҲǸԪŶѧģԾ黹еġ
ʱرĽδ˲ŵˡ
ҪδͿֱӷƸϢʲô߹ܶƸ
ھûˡ
ĸ߹кõλڴд󳧣һСݵϳ˼ϻǴŹȥĹҲʺ쳧ӡ
Ƹ棬вкܶࡣǱڵͶƶȸġ
õǿԴЩ
п˴ţֳɵʦء


337 337
˿ļ, ʳƷʼӹˡ
ҪôģЩԱְֵĽˡЩ˽ѵǼ, ʵϸҪ
һȫǶԽʳƷı׼, Щ˶Ӧ
ΪʳƷĴãɸн߱׼, Ƕˡ
ʮ·, ʳƷʽˡ
ÿת, ϵ˶
Ϊڽϵĺܶ˵ǻ϶һݹ, , 빤Ĳ빤ҼһԴ
ͬʱﵽڵ·, Ҳһˡʱ򣬳Ӷܹһ·ţ붬֮ǰܳ깤ˡԺӻڵͷ, ٶҪࡣ
·, ͵ÿʼҽԺˡ
ҽԺ, ŸũΡ
ȡΪഴա
趨һƻھҪˡ
ĥʲôʱƻҲȥ쵼˵˵ܲٻһ֧֡
Ǯ浹ǲŪ, ȻǮҲȷʵ֧Ԯｨ, Ĺɲֹһ
ȡܹԼľԼ, Ҫŵһ㡣
ҽԺ, Ҫٵλ׼, رţƸҽԱҲҪֵ֧ġ
Ǹξ㣬ҲҪ֧֡
ͦã׼Ҹʱȥسسĵ绰ʹ򻨸ˡ
绰سЦĲͣҪˡ
һسʲô仯ѵǲʡǣ
ȻûʡǣǽҲǺܳϵġԺƳС
سϲʡ쵼ƳǵĹ˱ˣ˵Ƴھ÷չΰܴ󣬹Ļǲġ
˵¶س͸ˣҲĹס
ĺܶ¶ͬ־кܴĸ͵ġ
Ƴǳˮֳǿͬ־ġϴΰ⣬Ҳģسڿӡˡ
Ҳ˰֮ϲˡ
˵ʵģȻʡҲܺáܹΪУǵȻãھȨࡣ
ᣬپ˵˵ȫصĴϲ¡
ЦһҲǺܻϲ
һжĲһ
Ƕǳźõķߵġ
ƳسΪƳУδܹõԴ϶ǲһˡ
ƳֵλòռƵĵطܹΪоһᡣ
Ϊ¶ûʽļҲûźʹڶ죬ϲĺ糤һȥ￪ᡣ
֮⣬Ҳˡ
ϲġ
糤ˣҲǻк
Ż黹ûʼ쵼Χ糤ֲ߲¶Ҳ֣·⡣
ֱӺˮ˾ϵˮ˾ڼֻҪȥѧڻԸΪṩģȻıҲǲٵġ
ѧʲôǰѧģڵļҲǻǮѧġ
ܹѧУǮҵǲƽϣҲ֪Ứܶࡣ
ǿЦڶôԣˣǻôţɲ
˭˵ҸԣˣģǷŶǮˣҶ޲ǽǮˡýˣܸ֧ܲԮ
ҸϽ֣ʾʱû취֧Ԯ
Цţ쵼ҲŲ豭ˡ
ʵʵˡ
سͳãԵûǣǸ˵ʲôôôˡ
˵̸ۻڽã񶼸ԣˣԶĸԣˡ
ȷʵĺܲسЦŵͷ֮ǿͬ־úȡȡϾԺǵĵҲˣ⾭ûҪץġ
س⻰ҶɫĿس
سóǽȻҪˣ뿪֮ǰҪء
Ҳã뿪֮ǰƳǳΪУҲһɼ
ļ
ļǹԺ׼ġ
ƳΪƳУȻ󻹻˼
ֵһǣڹڵĻΪһƣл
Ⲣ˵ڹˣԻѣڹҲڻеһ硣
ļ֮󣬴ҼĹơ
ĵľɲˣԺǾͲɲˣɲ
س
سЦŵһȡ磬򼶱ҲǸ·ļʵֿ֪ͨʵ֮ǰɵģҺͳǻίͬ־֮󣬾һɡͬ־ǣǽǺصġ
س˵ϢѹĴ˵㡣
ɶǴ񣬴ϵ¿ɶҪıġ
Ҫһɡ
Ժ粻ǹ磬ӲǴˡְλʲôĶҪ»
֮󣬴Ҷֵۡ
سа칫ˡ
һϲ˰칫Ҿͺسϲ
سģİڰ֣ˣⵣҲˡ
ЦЦҲ߶ԺƳһܹںеؼӱġ
سĿɾʹˣɲð죬Ĳ˵ҪˡҲҪҪˡ
Ҷ׼ˣص۶ܽš
سЦŵͷҲˣƳҪҪġҺͳǶʡ
ԣЩȣְ̫ͻȻˡҲû
⵨ӻˡ
ĸ
൱ԺҪĸڹôķΧ
سĬʵûģ
еģѹҲеġʵʵڵ
سЦľУѹҲģڶѹءֻҪúУһ֧ǵĹġ
Ҳ˿һ㣬⻰Ҿûѹˡ쵼֧֣ҿ϶İõġ
ҲȻȥ׼ҪŻʽأҲǰӦʱ䡣
ž͸ˡ
ǵ̫żˣö¶ûźáҪǰ˽⼸
֪˻ڲԣ֮⣬Ҳ㸻ԣҵλñȻڻҲС
ЩѹͲٺ
֮»ڵԴ㲻ġ
سǰѽֵƼһ¡
糤ǲġ˱ȽأҲгЧҲܻҲɼˡ
ȻسͷͰ֣ó˵˵
Һ̸˵Ǹı䲻ˡҲͷֳҵ뷨ǣܽⷽġٸһᡣȻ¶ͷ
سͦ죬û֣һ
Ͼ֣һͺôģ֪ġүżһŮͬ־
ȥˡ
Ҳȷʵû̫顣
ǻ㷢չԵʱ谭չͱˣ˸һ֮⣬ҲĸɲҲΪ䡣ֻǺ̫ãͲˡ
治ǣ
سʵ
Цǵ¶ѾܵˡúãҲùȥ۹⿴ǡسڽҵأȷʵҲȱо˲šֻҪԭԴﻹͬġ
سͷãȻ㶼ôˣǸһҲС֯϶ĲõҪ֣úõģҲҪ


338 338
뿪, Ҳ˳ȥһˮ˾
֮ǰسҪó÷ӹλãسʱҲ˵÷
ʱҲ, Ҳȥ÷к, 
رس͸¶ϢҪһ, ˡǰˮ˾Ҫˡ
÷Ҳþû, , һϲá
Ͻ㱨Ĺ
رǡ£ˮֳи߷, ĸ߷ڳȥһ
㷭˷Ŀ, Цĺ߲ܲ˵״𣿺ڿɲֹһ, ҽȥᣬҲҴˣ
ҺԪͬ־ʹ, û⡣Ҵںʡ, ȻһĴг÷г, Ǻ͸еũóгڹֻǵĹûô࣬Իûһ׼ȥʡݳпһ£Ȼƶƻ
г㣬Цŵͷ, , мƻСⷽ, εȫȨˡ
÷, , ҾԲṼΡ߲ҿԱ֤û⡣
ˮ߲ˡ˵ģһҲԡֻһ·ϣٲܼͬСգ·
Һس˵ˣˮ˾ͷҹ˲ϣ֮ǰҾ͵ýˡ
÷һסˣɵĺúõİһûϢ
̫ͻȻˡ
ϸƺҲͻȻ
ƺܾöûˮ˾ˡ
ЦޣҲϣҵıʹáܲһռλɡ
÷û˵֪ô˵
᲻쵼ġиõְ
ǻ쵼ġ
Ҳû쵼ҺسƼ㡣
÷۾ң
ͷѾһ඼ûˮ˾ˣ㶼ĺܺáճӪˮгѾ㹻ˮ˾ˡ
÷Ŀֶ֪ôˡ
û뵽Լһ졣
ȻֻƼ㣬س˼ǻҪĳɼδ۵飬Ǻܹעģú벻ɣȫԼˡ
һúøɡ÷۾ЩȣһӶûԼһΪһҵλܡ
ܣллĵҲ֪ʲôԼĸм֮顣
ԼŬĽҪǲɣҲƼ㡣Ҳ
ѣҲ˽˾÷չ
ˣôôæݶôŵġ贺ݶˡССҪԿࡣ
÷ţЦ۵λмڼŵļҽӺӷѧһٷݶԼҲ£пֿ˵һء˵Ŷý
Ǵ֡ҲԺһҪѧ
ϱСѧûءѧֶǺֽ֮ѧġ
ϼҵıʼǱϣһֺˡ
ȥݶûѧҹæҲֻաԺпȥ
ⱲƺҲûʲôĸԵͺڵҲûټʱ䣬ʹݶҲǵġΨһοǣ񶼹ĺã顣ĥŻͷá
뿪ˮ˾ϡ
ôĸı䣬ÿˡ
磬ڹٿһĴᡣ
Ҳǻڹɻ֮ĸ׼
ʹӵĸɲ˵ԺƳسΪƳ֮Ҳ˵Ĳˡ
رǻðһûǾ;øˡ
ΪδĻ϶ҪڻġҪȻҲûʲô˼ˡ
ΨһĵԺ֮൱ڶ˸߹ˡ
ԺǲǻǰԺҲ֪òÿչĵ
ô쵼ڱϻãʲô¶ۿʱǽǿ
Ҳǣͷ
︱糤쵼ദϹָӣͷǵļƻ
˵׼⻨ڷչôã˭ָָ㡣¹ѻ𡣡糤
糤¹˭ҪƻǷչϹָӣ۾ͲӦ
񣺡ô˵ģ
֮ԲŶæµˡ
ֹҪϵµҪְλµһЩְҪıˣȫƶҪļ̧ͷʲôĶҪ
ЩǴ֮󣬸źʹӿС¶ˡ
æ͵еڰ칫ţȻŸԼ绰һԼæµҵԼҪְϲá
绰һתӲŽͨ
ٴθоûֻ治ףиBBҲǺõġ
æҲǺܾûϵˡʱϵҪôæҪôԪæҲӹˣϣŶԷ
Ҳûƶ绰Ҳʱϵ͸ˡ
绰һͨͺԪ
Ԫһ㶣ôôʽ
þûеˣһ
Ԫ̲סЦҲǷʦеáʦԺǶ绰ҪȻ´ʲôǵˡ
²Уҿܻæ˵ٺٵЦЦһ֪Ǹˡ
绰ͷԪӣкϢҪҷְˣ
ôôЦˣûأˣ쵼ҴкˣӦⲻ󡣡˿ȣƳ趨ˣȻ󻮷ⲻҪи𣿡
ԪЦ
˿ȣеЩˡ£ְء
Ԫڵ绰ͷϲ̵ӦˣȻҲ̫簡ֲܻȥˡһšû˵ŽæĲˣԼʱ䣬ѻء
ְˣθ󣬵ûʱˡܲԪ˵ȥ֤ɣܾ̫ˣͦԲˡ
Ȼͬ־Ҳڽ¶ί˼ҡ
绰ͷԪҲĬһ£Ѿȥ׼ҪĶˣ׼飬꿪ġ
ְˡ
ûϵ궼ǹ꣬ҽҲҲæûʱˡ׼ȥһ˹⡣
񣿡
ɣµĴ㣬ģȻæˣҲǰˡǰʱ䶼һ𡣡
ϵ¶Ҳû˹ϵԼ˵ҪȻҲȥҶԷ
ȥ֮ǰҴ绰Ҳġ
áԪҲЦˣȻ̲ס񡣡
ţ
뺰㡣
绰ͷ̲סЦҪԼʱɣԺڴ绰
ҲС᲻㹤
ǾϣǶпյʱ򡣡
ϻȥȫ㡣
ȫ⸽ءȫҶʶÿ춼ҵſڡ
Ԫŷˡ֮ǰһֱ£ϴϴ֮ŷһЩʱ뻹Ǿõġ
ҪѹˣԺƶ绰ˣźϵиʲôҲϵϡ


339 339
ʮһ¿ʼ, 䣬Ҳ˹תת䡣
ӴԺ󣬻ڹǻ
Ҳί, 糤򳤡
ĸҲ˴塣
ϵȫĸı䡣еƶˡƳ쵼Ƕ޻Чʸߡûһ˿ˮġ
ת, ͸ˡ
ò˵ƳǱ֮󣬾Ҳ˺ܶ࣬Ǯûôˡ
һҪ, Ҳһʿ
Ƴо͸ڲǮ, Ǹ
ܲܵʱ쵼Ǻ쵼һɡұ׼أ¥ı׼, Ա, ʳ֮ġһӦ׼ȫ
ӴʶƳǹˡ
ﻹرĽΪڵԺǰǸһ¥СԺġ
ɴһҲѡַ˰칫¥ˡ׼¥
طȻ̫ݳ, Ҳ̫ˡϾҲһ档
Ժ߰£һôƣöԻڵʵĴ滳ɡʡҲؽʡز
ľɲǿһϲЦտġ˭ںõĻ칫
ϸ㽨裬˵ľżҴˡ
ίֵĲˡש߳שͷβ˾ûͣһ칤ֱӦԱ, ŶӦǴ, Ҫ·ӣǰµŶӡɲһӾܳשͷġ
Ϊ޵칫, ѡַѡġ
֮ǰĵλ, Ͳ׼, 뾡Χᡣ
ϰǸ㽨裬ϲߡ
ΧᣬԺϰǲŻΧչ
λҲûʲôĵطˡμȻҪ裬϶ҪƵģܼܲ꽨һΣ̫Ǯˡ
Ϊ׽أɴʽ˰֣뷨
Ǹзֳ飬ţǽһ¡ӹˡǱϾҲæ꽨Ǻصġ
֮ǰ²⣬ֻǺûŶΪԼˡ֣˵Ǳ̬ġ
û뵽Ҫ֣ˡ
Ǳߣгô˵أ
Һг˵ˣͬģúõģȻҲάֳ֣ɵҲ㾡ľһڸзֳȻûɼҲˡ֮ʣҲһᡣ
Ҳˡô֣ˡ
׼˵֪ǹϵãڹ棬ϣǹ˽ȽϺáſһַǳȡ顣ǰ֮ҪΪ䡣
֪˵֮ǰֳɵ¶ʱϾȷʵӰ칤
˵öԡҲù˽ȽϺð¡ڻ⹤Ļͺܺá
ˣЦЦǾ˭øҿᣬȻȥ֣֪ͨɣҲ˳һ˼빤ôһΣҪٰ첻ã˭Ҳﲻ
УˬӦˡ
ܿ죬˶֪Ϣˡ
֮ҲҪ֪ġ
Ҷ¶Ȳѡ
ر︱򳤺ͽ򳤡
Ƕû뵽֣һзĻᡣֲɱ뵽˺ˡ
֮ǰǺͺ˹ϵҲõġ
֣һˣ֪ô
ҲôˣϣһϹҪΪȥ黥ԣ󻨸ķչ
ںǰɲһˣһӷչģǻϰյĵˡ⣬ҲҪˣʱǸء
׷ױ̬һЭѹãϺȡ
֮򳤾ȥֳ֣֪ͨ¶
֣ĶǺˡ
ڵȵһˡ
Ҫȥˣ
򳤵ͷϱ黹ʮ࣬һǵ㰡ҪٺǰһͿˡڻڷչƲɵˡǰһвͨˡ
֣ˡرǿڷչԽԽãϰҲúãҾˡȥʲô˼ҶǸ糤ˣ˵һʲô
ô˵Ҳˡ
ڵĻڵĸıд̵ġӽһͿˡ
Ҳû뵽ԭ㷢չʵҲûôѣؼҪģһķչ档
Ժǻһѻڽ
֣˼ʱ䣬ͰѹˣҲûȫӣзֳһģϾû꣬úõ
Σ֣򳤾øдر̣Ȼı˸ģҲûжඪˡ
ǰȷʵɵĲã
Ǻ֪Ϣ֮󣬱ĺü첻˵˶ˡ
벻ףԼǱ֣һˡ
Ȼ֣һȥҲҪ
̫æǶû˹˵
򳤾֣򳤽ӹȻӹϵĻ
ö¶Ҳʼһ
򳤾ͽĲԾˡ
Ҫߣ
Цûȷǰ׼
ﲻˡȻҪְҪˣǻڵʧ
˵Ļ᲻λˡ
õľ氡
ӣ͵Ҳ˵ȥ¶ҲһˣҲԶ
ۻʵ
ͷ
򳤾ˣ⻹߲Զ
Ҫ˸ְȨû׼ڻҪĸıءϲˡĵϲ
Цûȷأ˵ˡҲ˵ͷҪ߲ˣҾͶˡ
򳤹Цʾһߡ
Ȼô˵򳤻û˵ȥΪְ¶ʱмɻ䣬˵ˡ
ҪǴȥˣ𲻺õķӦûȷе¶Ͳ˵Ҫǲӹ¶Ҳ֪
ԽˣڷԽæ
ҲũæʼΪ·׼ֳвũҲϾʱûв˳Եʱ򣬻ڵЩ;ˡ׬Ǯĺʱ
ѩǰӻ·޺ˣЩ˳ȥˣʱЧϽʡʱ䡣
ÿĳϵľϣֵġ
ϼϰǿһЦݡ
˻Ҫ˵һԼγ˶ٻֳ߲˼û׬ټϵʳһӹĿ治
ǾǺøɲҪһֱǻھͺˡ
ǿ϶ܣĺãԺҪߵġ
ɵĺãܵɲ
ǲǻ
ôˣǲ֮ǰЩɵĺã
̸ŵʱֽӵ֯ʽ֪ͨˣȥ̸
Ҫȷˡ
Ͻȥˡ
λ̸ܲĻ
ܲЦ⣬ڻǵõڵĳû뵽һι˼ˣ㶼Ҫˡ
ЦҲǵܲҵչˡ
ܲЦЦԼڵı仯˶۵ģǵ˰գöˣ
ҲЦˡ
ܲкĿǰ³Ļ
ǰٷϴˡ
еԱǴӸгģӦҪһʱ䡣ǹҲûܵġֻйڸ
ЩǴӹתģԾﶼûṩ
¿ͷѣ׼ܲʾ
⻰ͷƤˣﻹǵҲṼ֯εġ
ܲЦŵͷȻȥг칫һˣгҪ̸̸ľ
е㲻ˡ
һ쵼Ҫ⽲ģ϶еѶȡ


340 340
Ȼоȷʵ, ﵹҲܽܡ
ΪΪˡ
ҪӸģΪǳſĵԾ͸ˡ
쵼ô, Ȼý 
Եг칫ҵʱ, ϶Ǹ˵ġ
гʵ֯ˣ
ˣܲһֻû뵽ôˣΪҪ󡣡
ذѾֺ, ϶ҪչġǱϾٷϴ, չǰЩ׼ҲҪġ
г˵ţֺݲ衣
Ȼɫ, ֮ǰö¶ҲûǽƳǳΪ֮, ܶ滮Ҫȴǰ׼ˡرǸճΪУǾ͵þɼҲǽڻڵԭ򡣻ڵĵںˣÿԷ㿪չ
ͷڻ, ȷʵ㹤
ҲҲҪܵģԺҲܺ˱ˡ쵼㲻ǻ쵼ˡ
гҶģҵ
г, ҶǺεġһεĵҲȷʵءǻĿǰݶĵһص㷢չʵҲǰ, Ҳ֮أܸǵİ١
, ˼, Ҫ, ǲӦܸݳԡ
г̾˵ڵ;úѡ
ΪڸڷչãȷʵǰҪԣˡ֮ĽҲҪˣ·ţʩ
׬Ǯ࣬ǮҲࡣ
ЩҪչǺ˵ѡ˵ƳǸճΪеˣûжٿ֧֡Ҳܱ
ȻǵûеģܽʲôӣǿǵҲչˡ
쵼˵ˣ˵ɶ
ܵõ֧֣Ҳˡ֪ˣгĹһᾡ֯õġ
гĵͷֺ˵Ա䱸⡣
ίǴطŹģѾҪˡһͻˡ
ҲۺϿǲŰŵġͬ־أԺ񻥲ΪҪˣˣҲб˼ᰲĵִ֡˷ʲôͻ
ҲгͳǶĿغΡ
ĳɼ֤ԼҪȻνҲһȥִˡ
ΪģгЦصľý裬֣һġ
ЦҲġ֯İš
гͷΪ˷㹤ʱ칫ΣԼɡ
ɾرŴˡ
Ҫ֪칫ǿ൱һĴܼңʲô¶ܵġϢͨ͸֮ϵҲС
иϤ˹ܹӦµĹ
ллгô֧ҵĹҲܺﱣ֤Լܰ﷢չá
гָṩһݹڻ
ϸҲûУµĵλС
Żһĸ򡣻Ȼǲ˽ģرá
ڵֳҵȫطΧڶڸֳҲеܸϡһԱ˼벢ǶͻһͬߣִͬУ϶вġ
һλҲһٺˮԴ㡣˽Ҳ¸ɺˮ
ͲһˣûгˮԪ˽Ҳð졣
оڻڵĴ󷽵ģûʲôõˮԴ
ϴֲָ֪˵ҵ֮󣬾ֲˡ
ֲ˵ƾͻٵ㡣
ֲ˵Ȼ׬ǮǱ𻨸˵Ǿûʲôˡ
ȻΪµϰգȻϣҶһá
һķΧȫһҵҲУҪľòҵ֮⣬Ҫ෽淢չ
ڳֲ˻㣬иֹкܶྭòҵõĳҵͳӡ
ȫֲҲʵ
Щ֪Լˡ
øЩҵµľòҵ
гô𣿡
ЦŵͷСûҲҪ
ֻһֵæˡ
ҪѼˣźÿչ
Ͱˮ˾¶гһ졣
̶ȣˮ˾гﶼ¶ˡ
ԵԼȥȥ
һˣ¶ΡҪչҪˮ˾أгĴֹۡ
뿪ʱ鷴ˡ
ȻˣЩ֧ȣˡ
Ҳ¶˳ȥһˮ˾Ѵټ˸ᣬʽĽӹˡ
÷֪¶ˣǻƽ΢΢
Ȼһֱûλˮ˾һֽģھôˣЩ᲻á
Ц쵼Ҽ˵ˣûôྫˡ÷ͬ־ɵĺܲţҷģҲġ
ˣְˡ
ܣҪˣ
Цǣｨҵ
Ϣô˷ˡ
ʮ
ǱΪҪְ϶ﵱĳŵ쵼ġ
˲
һ
ֺǺǵĵϲûΪ뿪˸ˡ
ϾǸء
˵ȥҲ
ҲûɶýӵˣϾþûܹˮ˾ˣߵĹ÷
ص칫ңֻԼ˽Ʒ΢ʰһ¡ͶԳ÷׼û
÷Цʱ׼š
ۼҪߣһӶݣ۾ˣܣˡⱲ˵¶ˡ
ҲЦЦҲ˰ǳˡֹջһ˲ţ˴ݶ÷ͬ־ҪǵãĲġ
һסģ÷֣ص
δչĶãʲôλá
뿪ˮ˾ʱ˶ǸЩЩɿ顣
ͷˮ˾
صѡģտİ칫¥ԺӣԵЩӵˡ
뵱ķϵӣڵĳɹʵҲġ
Ц̾˿Ȼ˳
뿪
һϹĨ۽ǵᡣ
Ҳ۾
ڳϿţţѹԪϲǡ
Ůͬ־ĺ㡣
ܹ쵼ͺܲˣܹôġ
Ϊ¶ǵڶ֯µļ
Ϊ֮ǰû͸¶Ϣ¶ĺ䶯С
ǻǵ֮ǰֹ쵼أǾͳΪ쵼 ˡ
һߣоҪд仯ˡ
Ϊȶģ⿪˻ᣬǣȻԼ뿪ˣǻ
δڽҲԻΪĽзġء
رǽ
ϾΪڵ򣬸ĻҲҪϵġʱ滮ͼ
⵹ϲġ
һȷʵմⰡ
Ц쵼ɲǻڰ
˼Ҫص
ЦȻһᶢǡҪˣҾ͵ˡ

Ϊûã˭λãõʼ칫֮󣬲Żᰲš
ϾԺߵҲ֯ˡ
ǰ̸ˣȥ칫Ρ
ξĶš
һۺϰ칫ΣһӾȥﵱˣоʵѹͲġ
εҲûûߣĺ֤һù
ЦİŵġǰǰС
ãҼסˡμĵͷȻŤǣлл
лʲôɵúð

ﻹǸм¶ģԺҪɻˡǰλϵģôˡȥǸˡֻҪŬ£Ժлġ
ҲرҲкöء
ǲ֪Լε׳־ˡ
ֻǾ˲ҲϸܵԾúʺϰ칫ְ
칫ΰźˣΪְ񷢳ˡ
Լרŵġ


341 341
ΪؼеְЩεġΪǲ߱, ֻΪ顣ɵĻһĸµĹʡ
黹治ѡЩ߲ɵͲ͵ĸо
ֻѡһ˲豭ģ¶Լܸɡ
ѡһܹԼɻġ
һ֮, Ҫɵ¶ͦ, Ӱ˵Ļ͵ðרŵŵùȥˡ͵еС
һ飬ûҵʵġǸѡ񣬿˶Ǹˡĳɼ, û׼򳤵λá϶ܸԼˡ
µİôһ㡣
˿˾ϲֻ, йɸɾġÿ²м顣
ŻῪչʱҲˡ۲ߵ, ܲٷһºʵġû׼ʱҲ, ԼҲ󣬾ΣֻҪ˴ѧŬ, ǺܿӦģҪԸ
Ҫȥ¶ܿͱˡ
ɲǶ֪ĸ飬ָĺµȻúʹ˵һֺһ¡
֪ҪȥﵱҰ칫صȻڻ֮, ˡ
쵼û, ֻǹܵĵطˡ
˵˵Ϊʲôǻְ
Ϊʲô, ú, , ˶ٴ¶ˡ
ְҲĿ졣
ʲôѽֺ쵼͸õɲ
תͷֽɲǺúøɰɣɵúþܵɲ
ɲǲûǸ˭úøɣ
˹ˣ֮ﻹеᡣ
;ñֻԼĸĸ٣ֶ˼һڵˮ򣬹򣬻кɽ򶼸մˡ
֮䣬ҲġϾôķΧƽʱҲǻ׵ġ
ⲻݵʱ͸˵һ
ｨˣľǹ磬ˡǡǿиǿǸбµġ
ǼҺô˻ûѧ˵ˡȫûһѧġ
ˣ㳬Ժ󷢲ƵûķݣֻǼҺܷơԼƲȿǿǮ⣿
ŮһˣŮҲǮǮԼТ˳㣿
ϰձҲ֪ԣġ
Ҳ֪ǸɲãǶ쵼治ϤϾϢ̫ˡ
ڻڵϰܳȥһ֮ͨ־￪ˡ
Ҷ֪ˣǸõ쵼ҪȥˣԺ͹Ǽ
ر¸ھġ
̶̼˷¸ĵ·ˡ
ЩϢҶһʮʮ١ŴţλϽˡ
ϰ鲻һǣ쵼ܸӡ
˶ʹࡣҲɼġ
νȥˡһ˸ֱӽ˴ɲˡ
ɲģÿһǶһѹءϾһܲһӣȥͺѣοء
ġ
ȻǴ⼸ġһ֣úܶˡ
˽ͷˡԺôƺ
ǰ￪ʱ죬¼ˣ˸Թķչ⣬ǰǹϵͲˡ
¹졣
ˮĸһɽڶչôˣˣԺ϶ƫŻڡ⵽ʱ򲻾ͷؽ𣿡
ĸ߲϶ӹɵġ϶ƫŻڡ
Լôġ
ɽĸ⺺ϵԺô죿гͳǶⶼġ
ҲҪģԲܰŲŻӸһġ
һɽԺŰ죬ƫ۵ľ۶ԡ
ΪʱзȨġ
һϼƣһˡ
ԺҪǲ£ǾͲӦ
ǲ֪Ѿ˽ﱧ׼ˡ
ȫûķ롣꿪չѾѾ˼ˡ
Ȼͼ϶УǾԿһ¼Ѽ߱飬ʵй滮
ѾˣҪʼѩˡ
׼ͳȥһߡϻǴﶼҪȥ˽⵱ص
ôһ㣬Ͼڰ칫Ҽ˸࣬·߸滮һ¡
æĲˣϵ绰ˡ
һЦû°డ
һתЦ°ˣ绰ءоҪˡ
绰ͷԪȻĬһ£ƺжˣЦü
ЩˣĻԡ
ⲻǸ
Ҫˣ
Ԫһ˵겻һˣҪȥܾá
ˣԺϵ᷽һЩ
һ㶣ƺµҪʲôˡ
ɣҪǸˣǴⰡ
ǰͶƺҲǾ޴ġ
ʵͶͨѶ
µˣԪЦ֪ܲܳɹԶǰ˵ߵ绰Ѿˣ̫죬ڻڽµз׼ͶǵзȰ֮ǰļȻȡ͹Һվ
ҲΪʲôҪȥôʱ䡣ⲻֹǮܰ쵽ҪԻļȻûȥôˣҲɡȻǮҲҪ١Ǹ޵׶
Щ
ǵôƺδüŻᴫġ
Ҫܹǰһ㣬Ǿ͸á
ͨѶ·һҪһߵ·һϢݵ·
ô뵽̫ˣ˵
ԪЦԭϵ̫㣬뵽ȫжĳԹŮţ֯Ů
Ŀ˿ȣ㡣
ԪЦһʵҲȷʵǴһ㿴ͨѶҪδӦòֹȫ綼ҪͨѶȻڼ죬ҾǰͶҲǺҪġɲ
ûǮ֪ͨѶǸ޵׶ϧṩʲûǮҲû
ȷʵʲˮ˲٣ƻǺȵġԪ龡ɵЦ
ξȷʵش󣬱ϾԪ֮ǰ漰ҵͶô󣬻Ҫ˽ˣҲȷʵһľߡ
ߣ࿼ǣԼԱһŶġ
鿪ЦҲûʲôˡǮҲҪǮ׬ͨѶȷʵҪ
ҪǳɹˣδҲǮؼõķչܴı
ҲЦͰĵȥɣҿٺȵƣԼҲѾơҪûǮˣҸƺȡ
ԪˬʵЦˡҪԺֵѣһѶô죿ˣҲҪˡ
Цûϵйʣǵλҷַء㡣Ǳ֯ɶҲġ
ԪЦš
ţܾνûк֮ǰɡ
ԭ˳ɼҵĴ֮¾߶ǰԼĲãܸ˴õ
νͨѶҵҲһ岻˾֮ﻹЩѹġ
ں̸֮һѹûˡ
ƺһҲûϵжɽ͵

ڶ죬ͺһǰ򿼲졣
ûкϾ˽˿죬ʽʽȥġҲ׼ȥ˹
״Ҷæ
Լ͵ѡ
˻ڹ·֮治ϰˡ
ϰ˻ڵĺ·ط·ûޡ
һ·ӿݣ
ȽȣճҲߣ˳˳ģûʲô¶
·ˣ
ȻγһˣԺ϶࣬Ҫ̻ãһڵľþͱ
·ͨ
Ǯ
ԼզһֱǮء
Ԫ鶼ǮͶͨѶˣ޵׶Ͷʣʱƶ޴ˡ
ǵ취׬Ǯ


342 342
ȵǹ, ͻ
·ûôޡһ·ҲһЩءࡣ
һҲͼҲࡣҲС
ȻߵĸɲҲѧ¸ģֻϰոŵҲࡣ
Ҳԭġڴֲ֮˶࣬ΪͶ, Լǿ, Ҳ¡
ͶҪλǣͷ
߸㲻˴ģֳҲûб¸飬ȱټ嵥λ졣
·ϴүŲߣ, , Աһˣرϡ档
߿Ǻгġ
ѳͣ·, ϴү, ߽ʲôӡ
д塣
졣
ʵֲЩʲô
ϴүǸʲôѽ
Ǿ·ʣ
, ʲôѽЩԵĺȵģŶ㣬˸ɶӲˡҲǺҪȥҴɲʣ
Ц, , ·ʲôز𣬻ͷҴȥ
ûʲôز, ˵ش, ûʲôϡġشҲû, ֲʡڻĴأ˼Ǳ㣬ԣˡ
ϴү˵ʱͦĽ
үԺ϶ҲҪչġ
ϣɣ˵иͦбµҪҲ֪ɲɡ
񣺡ĻͦԶ
ЦЦʹүлˡ
ǣҶڴ
ԽԽʧڴҲͦصġ
Ϊһ鲢ǺĸɲһӳΪѹ϶еġ
֯ɲһиڣӦڡ
һǺˡ
Ҳȱ˲ˣҪȻҲֲԽԽҪŬ
򼸸ӣͷˣʵиôģǾȷʵܶࡣ
ɽ٣ûɽ
һص¼˱ʼǱϡ
һ·ֿȥ򡣽ˮˮֲһˡ
ɽˮɽ࣬ˮҲ࣬ǸͨûκɫСҲΪеˮǵֳҵǱȹҪһЩ
Ϊ˽ʡʱ䣬·϶ûôͣˮϵСԵһ緹
СԵһСݲ·
һڣݲ˻ͦɿڡһζ
һ䡣ͺͷһرóԡ
ǿģΪǴعģЦȻóԣҲôζڱĵطԲ
ǼҶط𣿡
طҲϰЦˮáˮ̵ġ
۾һˮˮģ
ϰȻϲ͹˿ʹҲҴ͵ȻǣһȪġˮȪ
ЦŵѹˮԭﻹôõˮԴ
ǿɲǰˮҲǺܲģȻҪáҲڱǸϳˡ
𻨸ˣҲЦЦû˵
ﵹǸ˵ģȻ̾ЩģҲ˵ˣҲ¸ġ
뷨ͺãδźôҡ
뿪СݵʱֺλȪˮλã˵һƿȥ˳
ϰﵱ˵ԼУڵˡ
Ҳ⸽ҪԶ·ɽͦġϰָ˷򡣽Ǳȥ
ЦԴȪˮֱӹһûء
ϰ͸ָ·Լȥ
Ϊгӣ·ǲԶȷʵҪһСɽ
ţȥˮ
ЦҲΪ˹ˮۿˮȪôѵиɫܲ
û˵ɶˣ;Ϊˮģ˼ҾΪ˿칤
ˮȪڰɽһµһɽ档
ɽߣʯͷࡣ
ˮȪȻγɣΧȫʯΧģԵˮԴܸɾ
ǹģ󣬺׾ͱˡ
óĲ豭˵ˮһڣֹȻɿڡɱʲôȪˮҪúȡȻˣΪˮͣĴӵصðˮǱһˮ¶Ҫߵûô
ˮϧ̫ˡ
Щϧ
ôøطɲôķˡ
ΧһС֪ˣƽʱ١ҲһЩݲ֮ĲŻˮƽʱˮҲãϾ̫ˡ
ط¼ڱʼǱϣҴ˸Ǳעˡ
뿪ˮȪȥ˺ɽ
ⲻǺɽΪɽɽΧˡ
ɽҲߣĴɽر𳤡ƫƫǰΧˣԵȥﶼ󷽱㡣
˼ͬص㡣Ψһͬľزʡ
ҲһѾ
߰ɣȻȥҲˣҲûҪˡ
ϳȵĿų˼쿴
ʵ⼸򶼻ͦϺƵصġضΣɽߡһĵˮԴ
֮ûʲôŵˡ
ϲŵ㡣
ȱ㣬ֻҪõĺãܱŵ㡣
һ˺ôһջġ
ЩͿʼƳǺƵĵͼˡ
ԼҪôһƬ淢չ
һЩõ뷨¼ˣ׼֮Ǻ͸Ƕˣһ𿪻һ¡
Ͼ﷢չĴ¶ܲһȫˡҪشҵĿ
ΪԼǶԵģҲҪ˵ңǶרС
ôһرϽˡ
ȥ򳤼ΣԼҲȥ߿
ѾһһĲ෿ˣԺĺڰ칫ҺͲֿ⣬Ժ󵥶ʹõġܰ칫¥Ҳ޵ĲˣһЩʩװܲһӾסȥˡ
ȲˣȰѺڰ칫װúߵС¥պһ¡
򳤵⵹û⣬ûС칫ҰǴ칫ҡһܰ칫ңرЦȥ˵ί
ڰ֣°칫ңûʲôίġŪɡҳ״Ҷûʲô¶ȿᣬĻһ¡ܲܵȿˣһҲķ֮һ⻹ô㷢չ
ΪЩ쵼˼ӡ
λ쵼Щ쵼ԺҲˡǸֶ룬һӶвġ
쵼ҪôĹҲϺȣʾԪ֮ǰһжλ칫֮ġѾɹ칫豸ˣ䱸ġ
ͷˣڻڣԺ󻨸ءǻҲеġ֮ǰǸҽԺǶˡԽС껨Ҫ
ɲǻģʵʵڵġ
ҲҲûʲô
õȷϢ֮͸ܲ˵绰ѯλʲôʱ
ԼĹ˵һ¡ʾǰͷĹ̸̸
Ҫǲ㣬Ҵ绰ҲС
Ȼ˵ܾ÷չҲĲӡ
ܲȵǰ칫¥ûɣôͿչˣ
һСˣʱפˡơԼĴ˵ˡ
ܲﶼ̲סȻˡ
Һͽͬ־˵һзʪĲö
ǵʱ绰ϵҲС
УȺ˵˵ٸص绰
䱸Ǵԭĵġ
֮ǰڵĲֳֵػˣλϾֳͲðˡ
Ϊ⣬һˣҪˣ֮ǰҲûɳʲôɼְ϶СҲʡĵطҲգɼ¶
ƳǳΪˣҪϵƳûкʵĸλ
ʱгһĥúܴ
Ҫݵģģò׺ͻ
ͺͳһΪһҪʵ£һҪˣԹϵͦáһ顣
гͰ˽ˡ
²ҪֻҪ¾ˡ
ָܰþˡ
⽭Ͼֳͱŵˡ
ȻƽǺôһһ֣еְ˼ˣͦӡ
Ͼֳͼ˺úõĹ꣬һԼ֮ǰһˡٺͼԺʤ
껹ûأܲ绰ˣȥΡ


343 343
Ͼֳ, ӦóΪˡ
ܰʲôҲһ, Ϲͷˡ米ȥΡ˵˹, ǲ̫żˡ
ҲϼҴڵȥϾ˶סţԼĹϰҪӡ
ȥ֮Լһ¼ҹˡ
Ҫһ˹꣬еܣЩȥ
ͺܲ˵, ﹤û, ڲʡ֮ǰ˵𣬿֮ʽ, ôͻȻôż
ܲ, ҲżʵǱߵɲͦġǸиɾͬ־
ҲôżˡԼͲ׼ؼҹˣ
ûɼء
ʲô, ûɼңûɼҾ͵ˣѹôء¶ëꡣ
ǾǸͷࡣ֯ϸòˡ̲ס
꾭ˣϲע˳ɼҵ⡣
ܲϾֳƢǹ֣˵أ˵˼ҳɼҵˡ
жˣҲмƻ, ۲ġ⹤¶
ǣҪ, Һ绰˵˵е绰, ǻҪЧʡ
ܲС
ûһ, ܲ绰ʹ, ˼ҵ绰ϵ
Ҳû˵һҪ˼ҹϾԼõʱΡڹƹλϻýӡ
λһ´ǰϤϤչҪʱĥϣ̫˷ʱˡ
׬Ǯ¶͵ûֶ롣
һ绰ʹˡ
ǵ绰ﵹҲЦǺǵĺ˵˼仰ΪиɾǸġԺ졣
ǻͦ˵Ҳ˵ĺһ¹ϵ˵ԺҪΪס
Ϥһ£˵ˡ
˵̸̸δչ
ĵⶼûϤأĸ֪ô̸չ
Ҳû˵ȥϤУ˵˵
˵ԼĹ滮Ⱦ·飬ĵһ··Ϊ·ͨʡǵ·
뷨ǣʡǷչƳչ
Ƴľ޷ԣ
ҪʡǵĽͨԼչľáԣ֮󣬷ΪƳʡǵνӵ㡣
һ㣬ǲѻͲˡ
֮ǰǲֵģÿһǮóȥʱǿۿģôֱʣôĿֱġ
˱裬ˣǮٰǮȥ·ˣýô㰡УǮʡŵ㻨
·ҾͲûǮˡʱҲʵʡڹԽԽˣûǰˡرǶԹҵкܶߡʣЩҵｨ衣Ǹ˰
ӵ绰Ҫˣʣ˵Ķɰ
ʡǶһж١Ϊ㾭þͲⷽģ˼Щ˶ȥ˾ˡ˭Сط
Ҿϸǣ̲ô׵ġ
üͷһҪͶʣ·ô
УҪ·ޡǵȻּһ䣬ҵ㣬ǧͶʣ·Ͳޡ
ȥʡ·ǿɲһ·ûд󼸰Ǿ޲
·֮⣬ũذ÷áŴɽá
Ǯȫóȥޣ޲㻹ᣬ̫嶯ˡû˾£Ҳ֪ι
ǾԼʣҳͷۡ
ԼҲѹ˿У⻰һǵŬԡ
ǣ⻹ǲײǽͷġôô˵ĵ
׼ƻ·û֮ǰι˷չ֮ġ
鲻ã̫ܻǮˡûأܿڴǮҪɾˣû׼Ҫծֱӵҿͦ뷨ģԼȥȥٿ
ǣˣƻ
ĺߺߣⶼǮɾˣǮӵܲ
ҿͦģҲͦ͵ġԼȥŹúһ㱨ˣֱӿĽСòõҵʱٱ̬
ǺԼûֱȥΣҪȻƹˣë
룬Լλ쵼֮е硣ǰصġرǶҪݵͬ־УƶƻȻʱȥ̸øꡣ
裬ϣܹŽͬ־ġû¶
һ⻹ҪԼǲˣֲžܾͬ־Ҫӵģ˺¶ѿ
˵һ֪ˣžĹҵ绰ˡ
񣺡
Լ쵼֮е
쵼кôģƺ¶ԼŹ
ͦá
֮ǰ绰ｭǵĲԺˣҲʱȥú̸ˡĿǰͰѹúˡ
ȥ֪ͨԪ¶ϰࡣҿᡣ
ȥˡ
ߵҲѾʼӦ칫ɫˡ
ڸ潻ӹ
Ϊ߻ûʽȻˣȻûλΪԼġ
ڽӵ֪ͨе¡
ô𣬲ǿ
˭֪ͨģҲˣ
ε֪ͨģǻûȫȨ

˵绰֮󣬼ͻϵˣԶ˸ͷ
ǶȫȨ⻰һ㶼š
ֻǾ̫żˡ֮ǰλȣȡȨ
ˣߵĹչˣֿ϶һˡ˲򵥣ѹ֮ǰϺ֣λˡĻ
Ƕ룬ν˵ĵطн϶Ǻġ
һϼƣ;òǰվӡ
ȿĸ¡
Ȼƫ򻨸Ǿûͣһˮƽġ
Ǿȿ죬̬Ϊߵˡ
Ԫ˴ѩ
յԼѼĹ޷һɫ޷
һš
ǰдģ˴Ĺġ
дһӢʫ
Цѹ˴ģ˼ˡ
޷ͦʣɫࡣ֮ǰǼɫģٴŶҪһס
뵽Լ׼̸¶̸ˡ
ţԪˣǵᡣ
ΪˣԼԺֻԽԽæñԽԽ
һֱţȥƾͽ᲻ˡ
Ϊһʵ͵ˣʲôЧʡý¶ҲҪһ¡Ȼ϶ôˣǻǽˡû˼
ùһ٣ȥָ
ĬĬĿ˿ԼĴȫҲ׼ԪһʯģûԼ˺á㣬һѸжж
һֻȡḶġʱϲԼĶĳЩ棬Ը⻨˼ġ
ͼͥҪĸ;Ӫ
¶üˣڶȥ½õʱ칫ҵʱҲǺõġ
ǼλѾϤĸк
Ҷ簡
֪ͨǿɲܳٵˡ
ǣǿɲܲϹָ¸ء
ʲôʱҲȥ򿴿ѽ
⻰ЦЦˣ⼸λǻûµĽɫء


344 344
¹⼸ô, ϶Ǻܺͺģ͹ȥһ
顣
ϾԼ쵼ˡᣬҲܷϵ
λ, Լᡣ칫ԱΪûλ, û롣
ҲûɶӰ졣λǸԤȶѣҲǰĥһ£ÿ깤չ˳
ǻķչλͬ־ǴģǶЩʲôչ
˻࿴˿
ˮĺе, ˮֳҵǸɵĿԵ, ȻûдģһֵԱѾ¸·ˡһ׼Ҳֲ
ǹ׼Ҫֲ߲Ϊֵܻ֮ġĸ߸
ɽ⸱ЩΪѣǿҲҪֲΪ
Ц, λ, ҵһ´, ĸɲˣɲǣ˵˵ĳ, ˣΪڿ쵼顣

˵öԡ
Ц
, ĽֲֳΪ, ҲǶġǲıġû𣬻ڳҵ֮, йλ
˿, ķչ, ΪֲֳΪ, ֻΪҪͻศɡ, ΪӦÿµ֧Բҵ

εĸЩ²͸뷨ˣܲǲժӰɡ
ҲûǣԼ˵ԼһЩ뷨
׼·ԹΪֱͨʡǵ·
ĸ߸ʱˡ
վָǽϵĻͼط׼ڵһҵ԰ֻҪͨˣǾʡǾ޴Ľͨƽ̡
ȻָֽͷƵˮ򣬡Ҳ׼ʽӦ֪ǶһˮȪɡ
һɽûӦʶĵͷ
ﱣǿȪҪáƳϳСһȪˮżȻ϶СȪͬЧҽ鰲˶ѰҡһʡļⲿŽм⡣ʣȡܹ㹻ˮԴһҾɫľƳϳ
ʲôߣȻǾˮˡ
ܰһҾˮɹȫˣ㹻ӵ
˵ַֽ꣬ŵ˺ɽ
ɽûɶõˡɽ
չɽֳɽҿˣʺϸֳţΪţֳҵëߡƷƷһϵеĸӲƷȫõϰոԣЩӲƷԼˮƳϳҪİװǹعҵ԰Ļ֮䣬γһĹҵ
˵֮󣬾ͿŴҡ
λѾĿɿڴˡ
ȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
̫̫棬ȫ룬ҲûоЩԲ¡
ô㣿
ʵöͶʰ
Ǹ𾪵ǣչƻ棬Ҫչ򣬵ǶԻȻֻδᡣ
ԥһ䣬ǻأ
ľûѾˣҪЩҪһʱաΪڵأ϶δľãĻġȻܽʲôӣǾҪķչˡǮܸ㽨
ĿŴңչãڲʵЩ衣ǴҵǺشġλͬ־֪ǻûʲô
û
Ȼû
ֱǳϡ
ЩûӦЩ˼顣
ǾȻһһ㷢չһˮƽˣȻûк˱ˣҲûƫĻ
δĹ滮Уĸȱһɰ
ֳϵЩ飬оԼ֮ǰˡ
һֿʼƻôʵ֡
ϾЩɶҪǮǴûǮ
ҵ뷨ĿӶ··صĹҵ԰û̡ˮͺɽũƷҲû߳ȥ·ޡ棬ҵĽ黹ѧϰڵ߼ʽ
ɽÿΪаһɽֳֽģǰͶʶ٣ͽ١ֻҪһ׬ǮˣͶʵ˻ࡣ֮ǰ׬ǮͬѩһԽԽҲЩûоͬ־иʱ䡣¸һɵģǶּߡ
ɽ⸱ˣоɽҪ߳һµĵ·ˡ
֮ǰȻû뵽һ㡣
Ҳ뵽ˣֻǲҳԡϾũƷҪȥҲ⡣
Ҫҵ԰Щֱ۳ȥǾûˡ
⼼⡭⸱Щġ
ҡֻϰԼϹڡͳһѵƹ㡣
ˮĺˮҵô찡
ԺΪ⿿ˮ϶Ǹ㲻ġʽȻҲɼʣһľƳǧ˵ĹľƳ֮ȻȻƾҵִССľƳЩƳֻӲҵȸ㼯徭ãûϰ¸Ҳܸϰṩ
ϣΪҵΪġ
¸ֻ˵һ¸·ʵҪԣ϶ҪԼ
绨Щֳ˽ÿ϶ǱЩ÷ֺҪġ
⼸仰Ͱ̻ˣܾúܲš
ǲò˵ҲǾƻǷǳõġ
ôչͻˡ
Ҳ֪¶ôð졣·ʾͺѡƼֳ
ɶ⡣
û˵ʵǾѣ
ѻǺܴġǹҵ԰Ľͺˡ˭Ըǻڰ
ûأǾ֪ûԸˣһͬ
֮ǰѡǲǶҪȥԡʧټĽȻԡֱɹΪֹ
ֻû¶ǰ˥ܲĹ硣
ΪԽΪʲô᣿ⲻΪ˽𣿴Ҽ˼棬һ
⻰˵û취
ʱ治ǳˣô
Ѿûȥƫ۵¶ˣǵĵԼҪ
оرѹ
쵼쵼ѹ
쵼Ҫûôߡûô
ĵո˵ĶˣԴһȥ֮󣬶һݹķչƻҿȻԼԼԳеһֵĹҲ˵˵ȽˣǾͺϼƺϼƿֱӷֹ¶ˡ
ּһ䣬⼸ҽĸɲҪȥ濼һ¡λĹôɹϵ귢չ⡣ùҲȥÿƶ߶߶ϰǶ֪ǻˡԻڵ尲飬ϰҲӦ
ңҪǰЩ쵼ǶʶԼµĽɫϰԼµĽɫ
һᣬɲƣҴҵľˣһӶû
û취̫ˡǲƫˣֻ⽨̫
μˣЦҿû׿֮ǰڶһˡ֮ǰž;е顣
ҲǶĿ˾飬֮ǰͿˣ⼸İ쵼ġһƤЦⲻЦ
һǾͲһˡЦҲûЦˣϵĳݵʵʵ档Żֽġ
Цû¶ϹģæʲôˡϾճûʽΣϰԼµء
εӰб˵ЩƻҪȫƵġ
ֵģѶҲͦģҲ̫żˡ
ЦŵͷżҲͰࡣЩ¶ҪȽ֮ܶء
ֻȶˣȥͶʡ


345 345
Ҵҵܻ˸Դϡ
Ȼʼᡣ
Ȼְ, ɻûʽ꣬ͻ쵼
һ˵ᣬ¸ɲǶˡ
֮ǰ˵һƻ, ͱȽȷˡ
ǸЩڸӽеķչƻ, ǷСִУû
һⷢչƻ˵ˣɲǾ¶Ϊѡ
ð졣ϰǲһͶʡΪǵϰտɻûڵԣǮ, ó
ҲȲϻϰλ
Щ, ⼸ɫͱøѿˡ
ڻƫĲƫĵˣԼܲ¶
˰̫ˣ
رۡÿԼǵС˼ûҪȻûˡ
궼ż, ȥѧϰȥȥ˼ѧ, 𳶺ȡ˭˭ȥȥǺ糤, Ҳǲѧѧ

Ϊôһ飬ĸɲǶڴٵһæĽŲմء
һЩɲǸпѵõռҲҪûˡǱȽеʱæˡ
ûӦæµĸɲǷ׷̾
Ҳ˾ǧѷĻ, ƴı֡
ˮۺϰ칫ҿƵҹд˸ӣԼˮĿǰľ÷չ״дĺϸ
ͷϻ, ϻеס
칫ؼ, üڡӦһǻǷд֡׼
ڼ, Ѿϰˡ
Ѿľ, о÷չʱ, һϣ
ɼıԼ״ҲԸԼһ
д, ̾˿, Ҳû˵
֮ȥһ˺칫ǲǵôȥ
Ͼȥ˲ϤĵطҪиϤֵá졣
ڶˮķչԽ⻰üͷкʵˣС֮ǰҲͨѶԱƽʱͦġ
ξһ£骵֡ŶలһҲûӰ졣ƽġ
骾ڻȥϰˣͲסڼˣӻõ㣬˽ôġ
ɫͿˣҪǴˣʱ򻹲ʲôҥء⻰Ժˣ
Ҳ֪¶첻ˡ
Ͼ骼޵Ǽ̫첻ˡҲǸ첻ߡûûƤģҲѿ
Ҳúõһ֪࣬ΪЩ߰¶ֻܺ˻顣ûܲμӸ߿û뿪ˮ
¾ǿϵĸ£Ҳһ˴ĥ
ƫƫ˭Ҳܲš˼ҷ֮¶Щλ쵼ôܣ˭ˣǾ˵˭һȡ
¶Ҳû˵ġ
ϾˣҲȷʵﲻˡǱ߶¶ء
°֮骾ͰԼдĶ˺
ӹһͦϸġҲ
СְˡĲ
õ𣿡
ӦãӲʱҸЦŵ
ûߣվڰ칫ֲҪ

ļûߣ͵¶
骵Ҫȥˣ֪ﻹԱ
Ŷ˵¶ᰲ˵ġҲܴӻ̫ˣ;ʹСȥˡ
骳Ĭһ£ͷ뿪ˡ

뿪һڣЩӦöæĲˣ׼ȥӲһÿĹ
ǵĹܲܳеδչص
¶Ҳ֪ģ
ȻҪһ
иȽϡ
ԭ֪϶ǱȽϺõġۿ֮ŷ֣õĲһǰ㡣
ֹȷ
ǻ㱨ʱ򣬸õóֵĳɹ
ֹгɹж깤ϸ滮
һģ˵ġ
Ϳˡ
ϴˡ
Ӿͻ˼ȥԼ֮ǰڵˣоԼûһ
·Ǿίĺ˻ڵ㣬Լ˼
ܺòãǶǹȥ顣Ҫǿֲࡣ

Ҳزˡ
ȥĹ
˸ӭʽɲǶڴѩվӭӣվġһЦݵӭ쵼ǵһӲ칤
Ҳû˵ɶЦźʹҴк˽ﵹǺ͹һδҼҲУԺһˡӴʵ˾ˡôһȫ¶
ͷУԺǾʵʵģЩˡ
Цô¡ҪǹĻΡˣǽ˹صİ˰ɡ
˽ˣ⼸Ҳһֱڿ
Ǿһ
ǵͷ͡
Ϊ׼ԹؽŵʱҲ
û㡣
δĹؽ裬ܹľѡַأϰͶʡ⹤Ǿû취ˡ
ûѡʵĵַʽ蹤ҵ԰
ѡ˼طûȷ
ʵأѡ򸽽˿Ķɵľ룬ˮԴ
⼸⣬ᣬصĸɲϾͱ߱ľᡣ
⻹û
Ҳͼʱ䣬ܹѡƬʵĵط㲻ˡ
⼸طҲͨͼȻʵؿóġϾǰҲû飬Ҳ֪һҵ԰ҪЩ
ҪĽҪϸ¡κξҪ˵
ͷ
Աߵĸ߸ҲЩûй⣬Լ֮ǰİû¶ȻԼǵ쵼ˣɺô쵼ͺԼһ
Ҫץˣʱ䲻ˡǿϲϺȡ
֤һĲ
ܵеˣ׼еˣЩϡ
Ҳû˵ϾǸսӴĹ϶вġܹľС
Ҳ΢ĵһԼļƻЩ˵İԼƻ̫ˣҪȻЩ˰첻ɣˡ
ٴ̾˿˲ÿʱػھĵѧϯĳһӦֵ˱һߣ˸ʩչܣһɵıһ㡣ܲȱ©
ĥŵｨ֮󣬱Ѹɲѵˡ
رɲڵܹ˿϶ҲǿԵġ
뿪֮ȥˮ
Ҳ͹˸ӭʽ
û˵ɶͰԼǸһ٣ЩĸʲôҪʵʵġ
صĸ߸ʱ˸ۣĵպľǲһڵϺһУװ
ɽ⸱׼ȥ绰ǰǰӭӵ¶ȡˡ
¹զģһҲһ仰û˵ֱӽǱ湤
ˮǱҪá
׼Ϻȫ
ԽģĿǰˮľҲһ顣Ķÿյũҵ˰ԼĴƽ롣翪˼СԵ꣬˶̯λгˡ
Ʋһҵչǰ
ܽСˡͶʣܹóǮ
رⱨﻹᵽӵˮԴ
˵ֹȪˮȪľˮڸҲͬġ
˵ˮԴǿԼġ
ʵȥʵصˣ
һдĲϣӦȥˡ
ӦãҪȷеġ
ȥ˺骹
֪˼١
ʱɫһ䣬ʱôˣ
ڱС˵˻ˣȥˡ
ͺһ
ûҲϲ˵ġҲû˻ٵĵдıܲӦҲǸġ
û¶¶Լº˶һ¡Ǻڼ⹤ҲаҲиĿꡣ
ˡ


346 346
骵ڶŻ
Դϴ˱οһЩ׵һɫûСžر
οüͷһ, һˣ쿴Щ˶Щȥˡ˴Ů˵¶ҲûǴôĻټ
û˺ùܡ
骻ȥϢ졣
骵, ΣڵλһЩԸԶǸҡ
̾, Ҫ¶
ˣʱǸдĻ, ЩҪȷûڡ֮ȥȷһ¡
ԣ۾΢, дĺ𣿡
ǰءε
Ｄ, ֺ첻ȥ֪Ҳȥġ
ԼȥҺ˵˵, ȷһ¡ʱú㱨
骵, Ҫ㱨𣿡
ţϵӡ˿ڹϺϽ
˵ʵڵģǵһַǶ󾫵쵼̫ϸˡ˶Щϰߡ
֪ˣȥҺ
ָֽˡ
һ칫ȥˡ
Ҳڿɶѵ, ǹˮũַϡҲ˽Щÿչ
ѹ̫ˡ
ͻȻһʹʮ㹤˻ش𲻳оͦˡ
骽ʹк
, ٿϵ, еȥ, ̾˿, ͵ͬ־ãһ¶ҪءЩϣԼȥȷ𣬲дİɡ
ûУҶǻʱ߹ġʵ֮ǰҾ֪ǿȪˣҲúãû뵽Ҿúر𣬾ǰ˵顣ҲڶʱܽЩϵԭ
˸㶯Ծ뵽ġһ롣
骵ͷ
ȻҾ㱨ȥˡﰲ˹ʱӰɡϤһЩ
ûش𣬶ʵ˵һ㱨ģûڡ
û£ƽϵģ˻ǲġ
ô˵ܾø²õӡˡĸ¹̬ȲáҪȥ»㱨һ£ԵǸӡòã
ԣ룬ȻûҪôţȷʵҲԵø¶ǻЩԥæһܼҲΪ¶ȥĹ
ҿԵȣҿԵпյʱ򡣡Բġ
ֿ
骵ҿΧסһܴñӡҴˣҲ֤û˵ѡ
Ҳͬ־ˡ
ȻԼðæŬһѣҲš
аɣԼȥһǱߴ绰ġ㲻Ҫˣˮͬ־¡
֪һᶮصġʮϧᣬæ֤ŵ⡣
׻Ǹڴ˵绰˵֮ǰ㱨ʱһЩ⣬רŵȥһ㱨
˵ҪҲáҺҪרҵȥˮ⣬ҪĻڡ
˵Ըܣ;Լ֮ǰûλõ㡣
⻰ûˡ
ҲˣҲΪһᣬŬаɣǾ͹Ҳϸ˽һ
˵ģÿᣬͺδк˾ȥ˵һԶĹܲ˸ɵš
⿪һĻᣬҲû
Ϊû
ŸŴذ칫ҵʱ򣬲ſſǽվһˣʵʵģڶŴ֡
ѩСѩˡ
Сѩ˿ǳˣæ˹˹Ҳû͸źߡ
ۣʲôʵˮģ
ǣˮġҽ骣㱨ġŶ
ôȰֱȥҾˡӣϽɢˣԼȥ칫ҡߣȥ칫ůů
𣿡骾ȵֻ˵ڵᣬǸŮͬ־
û뵽ôᡣƺСӡ
ЦҾǡŲ
骼Ļش𣬡񣡡
͸骵Ȳ衣Լ˱ӹġͳһַ´ɱӡ
Щ˼Լ֡
ֶˣ϶òȵģû¶ƽʱ쵼㱨ǸҵˮҲǿ
Цŵ
骴û쵼һʱ鸴ӡ
񽫻¯Ҳ˵㣬ľɳ̸
ֱȥҵġҺ˵ˣû֪ͨ𣿡
˵ˣҲᡣҿԵȡ骻ش
⻰ﶼˣûģȥ쵼㱨ܻȥĳ칫˿ȡ
ôˣһ֪Ŭܽ㱨ͬ־ɵĵѩ
ЦЦνôˡһˡԸ⸶Ŭˣ͵ġ
Ҳû˵ʲôֱЩϵ
骾ʹԼóˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ񶼿ˣҲûǰ˵ֱ˵µļ⡣ȷ⡣
Լдģˡÿһܽ͵ġ
رȪˮֹúȣķһˮ㡣ȻȪˮĴûʲôģΪǼҵˮζȪˮࡣҲΪʲôȥǱȡˮ١ΪܶԼˮԴҲһġ
֤ⶼ߷õóĽ
ôȥˮȪأ
ҵʱʱҲΪ档Ц֪ࡣһ֪Ķʱͺ棬Ȼͼ֪һ￴˵ҵʱֻˮȥڷȥ󷹿϶óԡҲûԸˮҵʱû뵽׬Ǯİ취ֻԺõͶ˵ġ
û뵽λ֪ࡣΪͬ־϶ȥءӦǳɼˡ
ûֱʣϾ˼ҵ˽顣
骵ЩøСʲôְ
ˮۺϰ칫ҵԱΪĻӻУƽʱдһЩ֪ͨ쵼ĸЩдġ˵Լŵ㡣
ŵͷǱȽˡ
ﻹ˵˼׼ͷˮٵһ£ѡˡ
ϾҪˣÿչ
ȥӲ칤Ҳ෢˲šĵ˵йɾҲԸƴ
ɱ뿼ֻΪһ˻ֻ룬
ȻΪ¶ûҲû˵Ц쵼ͦģԼҲ
쵼ҡ骵
ʵκǲҲһˣ
΢΢ͷûУŵǰ칫ҵ£ͨѶԱƽʱҲźɻϾͬ־ȽϷ㡣
ŮһۿɲܰԱ𿴵ôءѡûֻѡŮͬ־ͬ־Ҳǿڵġ
˵ĶԡЦЦָͷץ·Щš֪ô˵
ˣָˮȵȵģֻ˵ˣûȵˮ
骵ͷסΧһ㣬ȻСĵĺȡ
Ǻ𣿡
骲˼ס
Ȼ죬Ϊýǿһ׵˿ڡ
ˣΪȥ
骵ͷƽʱҺٵġ
ûʲôŶ˿ڲãˡſɣûôҲò˼
룬Χһ㡣
һ㶡
µĺ׵˿ڣҲɫֻɫĺۼľˡ
һ֪Ǳġ
һǱ˴ġ
ΪŮͬ־ܣɲ˿ڣץۡ
һץ۶ûУȫȭˡ
һ
ɫ骲ſ˵ɷƢá
û˵
׼뷨ʵڿôᣬŮͬ־֮ȡһͬ飬ϣܹ
û˵Ͳ֪ôˡ
˿ͬ־ܴ
Ŀ͵һ䣬
ǴҲҪʱʱӦĺѴȻֱ쵼쵼ΪѵʱֱΪܹ쵼ҪҲ¶װ֪ô죿
骣
ѣֱӺ˵ܰҿ϶
Ѿ¶ˣ˵¶ϾԼ֯ˣԼеġŵ鱸ѡˡͬΪŮͬ־ܷмұ
ҲϣԷԼ쵼ǸɵӣԺ浱ԼˣԼǰˣǾͲˡ
֪ԼǺŪ˵ģæҲǱİ
ͻȻ·תＤе֪ˣļ뿪ˮ湤
̫ºͣЩеһ԰ҲԸˣίɬ˵Լľ
Ǹ֪࣬ģʱʮ꣬вŸձҵ
£Ҳģϣɳɼջسǡ
û˸ᣬŵĵڶ꣬ͱ˶ˡڵɷ
ԭίġǻŸ壬ڹ籣ӵӳǻеȨġһ֪˵骿϶Ƕġ
ƭȥֿö˿ˣҲ治Ҳҡ±ȥ
أûͼ˵𣿡
˵ˣǾҶˣҶ
ŻѹûسɣҲû顣ʱŮͬ־ƻǺܶġ
ʼ黹ã¶˱ӳˣͲˡ
ˮЩ˶ǳзģ
Ҳҹܣ쵼Ƕͬ־˭Ҫл֮ǰҲ𣬱ֵȥˡ
ЦˡɲȻһΪѳˡ
ͬ־˽ˡİɣΪҿ϶ʵġڸұ̬ʲô㣬ǵ顣
飡骼ᶨĿ𣿡
ȻԡҲĻش


347 347
Ȼ, ֪ôˡ
ʺӵ⡣кӣҪߣô
ҲҪǵġ
û, 껳ϣûˣҲûϡ
, ֪ˣȻȥ, ¶һᴦġȥ֮һЩţ㵽ʱŵ, ٳԿˡŮͬ־ҪԼ
ллʵĵл, ҲΪԼ֮ǰȻȻǰˣСġ
Ǹ쵼
뿪֮˻, Լƽ, Ӱ졣
ΪһͨˣԼΪҪΪҸĸɲǵþ侲͹۵Ĵ⡣
侲֮ʹ绰ȥˮ׼ʵ骵
Ǻĵ绰, λͬ־㱨ˣˮι
Ц˵ȷʵӣҶһֱûϢ, ڵҲΪķչ׼
͵, ǵĸɲͬ־Ƕܾľ, Ϊ쵼, ҲҪǡܵίͬ־¶û˿
һ£ȻΣ¶Ҳ֪һЩϾǼ£ùܡ
˵˵ҿﲻùܡ
֪Ĳ࣬Ͼһµļ¶ֻ֪ôˣ滹ͦһˣܲҪƤ
Ͱ˵ˡ˵Է֮ǰ﹤ģ˸ûˡΪˣҲûϵģÿͿڼš
гëˣʹš
ҲûáȰ˻ȥԽȰԽ
ۺϰ칫ҵֱϵ쵼ͰˣҴеʲôμﶼΪ¶ˡ
˵ǲܣǲùܡˣҲûץܴ㽲˼Ҳ
ҲԷ˼Ƥ񣬹ŵĲ´Ьġ
ȨѹҲѹΪ֮ǰ͸ġ˼֪еŵ͵ץ˭СӣȻȥء
ƾһ֮Ͱˮ쵼ѹˡ
رΣҲô˵Ҫǲùܡ
Ҳû˵Ϊⲻǲùܣûȥܶѡ
һɽͬ־֪ϴ֮ǰһӣǰϴΪʲô𣿡
һɽȻ֪ΪʱĹǱ˹Ȼ
·Ҫ
ȻŹɲ˭Ȩ͵ӣһɲûа취֤ԼȨ棬֪ˣΪˮˮȵء꿪̣˭Ͷʣ

¶ҹܶˣҾͲˣһåû취ǹϴˣҪǻûϴ˾͵ȥǹӣ
ˣ¾Ҫ¶ˡ
û뵽ôһ
ЩͻȻ
ΪС֣ͬС֣ҪŪȥѡ
úˮɳȥץˡ
Ȼ˵¶ȷˣǾͿץˡ
רŹҸɲһ顣ȷ֮ͿԶˣٳʲô޲޵ġڼҷû˵ɷŹӲǷɹ涨ˣ˾ǷġҸɲһȡ
һʱԷ֡Сطʶǿǲ
ңҹ¶ҵšΪӦʱ俪ػˡͬ־¶棬ҷָĹĺܲλڷչ·ϣŮͬ־ͬǿԷӹ׵ģҲҪǵƲȫ
֪ˣ¶ͬ⡣ҲûƱ磬Ȼ¶ֵ̫ˣϸ˵ҲԼȫûڴ骵˵Ϊ̫࣬ûġûܺ顣
֪֮ͨһ
У֪ˡ
˵绰֮󣬺ȥˮ򳤣˵¶ðɳȥץˡ
򳤻Ϊ꽨ҵ˼ڤ룬¶һץ
˵ˣûġ߰¶
ˣû˵ġ
ɫһ֪࣬ˡ绰ȥɳֱȥץˡ
ŹҸɲŽ̲ġϴ©֮㡣
ܿ죬ɳжˣֱȥ˸ץˡ
ֱǿ׼
ץʱںͼڼŴƣĲˡ
ɳͬ־ȥʱ򣬶ŻˣΪץĲġ
ץģȻ⼸ĲҲ˳ץˡ
úܶ˶֪ô£ΪץĲġ
ļҲ֪ô¡
Ψһжͷϻм㡣ίṤҲûޣԶšû£ҲŪ˸
ûˣиţֱڸˡ
ڸ𱻴ߣ輱ˣɳ֣˵СƶѣôץˡҪץȫ򶼵ץ١
֪ŹҸɲ
ܣûӡ
ʹˣ֤˻ͦࡣʵˣȡ֤ܼ򵥡
˻ɳֵʱҲӻڻˡ칫ˣ˵Ʊץ¶
δЦŵǴưŹɲץġ
һ㶣ģ
ǿɲոµء
һӾ뵽ôˡǾȣ˷ܣŸм
û뵽Ӧ¶졣
ǰ˰
εҲȥһɳϾܺˡҲ£쵼Ҫ¶϶ǹܵ׵ġסȥˡ
ֳҪǻȥ˹ƵóԿ
ͷллΡ
εҲԼȡġ
֪ȥԲµԼȥ˵ġͬ־;ԼҲ֪ȡᡣ
ΪŹɲץ¶ܿϴˡ
ϾɱȴŻ߶ĲҪӾˡ
Щ˲֪ô£һǴɲ;˵Ӵ
֪ľ;¶ţôܳҸɲ¶ˡ
Ҳ⡣
ԼҵϱôͲܶˡµ˭ûԼϱġ
ȻµķΧоһСط
Ҳûϱ¡һûҳϱѡǱˣʲô
ɶǻ
ҪзݹҲҪϱ
ϱǶӸĽɳˣǸӲˣҪˡ
ȥ˸Ū
֪ʲôˣѹͲĻᡣɳ¼˿ڹ֮ͻصλˡ
ȥԺ֡
ľҲûáǾǷԺ

ô¶أǼ¶
˭ǳ£˵ǷɣɣԼȥȥ
Ͳ⻹ȥġ
˻ҪȥˡǼǰҲûɲģԲʲô¡
οαץǱӡǿ϶ƴһˡ
Ҳûȥ¸ɲϢҲˡ
ڶһ磬Ǿˡ
֪ҪһЩ顣
ͷ˺ٺ١Ϊܶʵû֤ˣֱ뿪ˡѡܡ
ȻҲǿԵġ
Ϳ顣
ΪڱɷŹ¶֪ܶȻǷ޸ˡ
һϣֻҪҪ飬Ϳ롣
׼ٰ֮ѻˣɹʸ
ʵи򵥵ķֻҪ骸QJôҲ֤ⳡһʼǱȵġ
뵽骵⣬û׼ôԡ¶Լᡣ
״ûôˣˮǱ֪߳ͨġ
кö๤Ҫ
æһֺˡ
ܽ˵ˮǱˣһ¶˵ץˡǶӸץˡ
ǲġǣȷʵҰץġ
Σ⻹ͬյİ̫ˣ
ȥץߡ
ǳֻҪûҶǶšҪⷽ涯͸ôô
úЩ˽ˡģֻ÷ƲáɾǶԸֲ˵ġ
źˣͼˡ
ҪûˣҲûǡ
Ժӣͱסˡ˵ԺӣֻҪ¶Ǿ漰ΰˣΥΪˡ
˾˵ġ
ֱҪȥ档
£ȥȥȥȥ

˵ǲȥˣϾǸİĵط
Ǿſڶŵȣ͵Ǹʲô
ϵȵϣ˶˶ûˡ
ӵˮĵ绰ˣ˵Ѿȡ֤ˣˡ
ʹ绰ˮۺϰ칫ˡ
ȺЭ飬ͳߡ
骸ҪӦȻ֮㳷߻ǲߣԼˣûҪôʵϧҲв˶ã༸¡
⻹Ǵϴˣͦź
ȴˣܹͺáҲָܹضá
ϾҪ֮ǰץ˶ȥץġ
лл
úð¶ˣѾ͸Ҵ绰
ʵͦ˼ˣ֪жæЩͬ־ڶÿ춼æء
Լ鴦ɾ
ˣҪ鷳Ǿ̫ûˡ
348 348 
һֱȵ°˶ڼ֡
˶û, ̲סҪվſ֣˵ݽ, ץˡŹٴ۸ϰա
Ŷ֣⻰˭ôĵӡ
ǻǲŵģ, ݵĸɲ
˵Ǹ
˵ʲôĸ
Ǹ, ĸ
¶ҿɶ֪ģһԭϵ˾Ͳˡ
õĸɲĺøɲ㻹, ²Ϲˣ
ץˣǺˣ
, ¶ҪȻ۶֡
Ҳ, Ҫǹȥǻ, 綯ˡ
Ƿᣬͦǻ¶
ûð¶ˣƨһ
۷׷ף˺üԵģӷźݻ
Ҳû뵽ԼΪϰҸɲ¶, ñϰղˡ
ϵԼҵ¶ʲô¶
ֵǰǸίģҪǹȥ, Щ˳Բ˶ߡ
˾͸ˡ
̫ˡ
Լҵ¶Լ, ͲС˭, ۾ˡ
Ҳ͹ؼ¶, ۲Կ
ˣ
ڰ칫˵˱˰ΧˣӣҲͻ
εϰղ⡣
Цˣ⻹򱧲ƽˡУһǳȥɲܡЩ˱˵νڵϰտɲܱץҲ°ˣȥʶһ˵
һ˼֣ˡ
ռȻ±򣬵ǻǲ
棬ǲҶ֡
Ҳ٣ŮŮˡ
ﻹڵô
ģ˶ɢˡ
Щ˲ˡôܹѽ
ֵĶˣˡ
ʲô󰡣ϲء
˼ˣᣬǶ塣׼ýơûͱסˡ
һֻ־ͰƵԶһ仰˵չֳ˺ˡ
ҵǲɲΥ
úǳҲ˭Ϊʲô¶ֻ¡Ҫǲ˽⣬Լȥ˽֪ⷨʶ˱ǣ֡ˣ˶ġֱӵ˵ģһɾǻҪ֪ط
˵תˡЩˡ
ûЩƷﳳܵ뷨ææ˻ǳԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ
ģҲ䡣
˼ôˣҲ׷ϡҽԺӡ˵ˣ¶ץ
һôñǸ٣Ҳ֪˶ټ˵Ĺŵ
Ա߻ڵˣŮͬ־ȥͰ˸˵ˡ
ԺҲˣЦǾҸոյĻڿЦ
ұ˷̰ҡ
︱ͷһˡҪ֮ǰʵûָյģץˡֱˡֱȥץˡ
ǰ棬ɷ˵ľͰ˶ץˡ
ǰɣƢòǼƽϣǸˡ
ȫû뵽˻ܱץ
ɳԱߣֱӸץǱȥˡ
ڵɳܶصĸˮɳ˵绰ץˮˡ
̰ˣһ㶼Сƽϣ͹ȥˡƽϣҲҪ߳ġ
һߣͲһܷųģٵڸһϵġ
һϣ˾ڻɳȹˡ
骱׼һȥ̸ģ𱻶һء
Ϣ֮ı⣬Ͼȥɳ̸¶ˡ
ʮˣΪЩ갮ȾƣǻţԵúɥžͲˡ
ˣվƿڴʲô໰
ҲѧһУɳ񾯣ܸܲ
ҹһ£Ȼԣ̾С
𣺡
дźĿɡҾͳߡҪ룬ǾͰƽȥˡ¶֪˰ɡ
Ȼ֪ϾǱ档
ڶ֪ԼǷˣš
ԼŻܷôҲû˼˭ܰ
Ҳ룬ҾͲˣҴԼŻܴˡ
㲻룬Ҿͼ㡣һ顣ôģԼ
¶ˡʹࡣ
һ衣
ֱˣ˵ȥҲû
ûûҲˡΡ
ϱǲ㡣ӲҲôġˣȥ¶ˡ
骵㲻㲻˵㣬Ƿ˵㡣֮ǰǾôŲڿ㲻ɰɣ֪ڷɺǰһǰϴ˷åͱǹء
ȷʵ
ʵҲ֪ڲöȥ̫ˣҵ֤ΪλϵܾͺѶˡ
óŻҲִˣס֪顣
ȥˡ
ھ顣ҲҪ롣
ԥţšϴŹȥ¶ѡﻹӡġ
ͻȻץҪ̡ȷʵˡ
ҲףԼҪˣŲҡҲˡ
㲻ӦҲУҵʱ顣Ϊˣ߳ɹʺܸߡټʩҽ飬ʱ϶ġҪӦҲˡ
ţ㻹ң
ΪҶ㣬Ҳһ죬顣㲻ӦҾֻˡȻϵ飡붨ˣҪΣͼŰɡ
岻Աߵ񾯣˵ģ
зݾͿ϶û⡣ֻҪ쵼Ϲܣ¶Ļͦ졣
ˡ
Ϊ֪¶˹ܣǸܡ
骸һϢȫڶڻɳءȥ¶ǱߡҲָ㡣ں͹ȥͬˡѱûܻס㡣
ڱȷϢȷʵģյ绰ˡ
ɰŵˡȫ˶ɳˡ
˵졣
Ϊ˵ģڿԼò顣
ǲΣ骣ͬ飬Ͳˣ
ԣ档
骵
Уͬ顣˭ϡµĸ
Ҫ㹴ңҲ顣ڿӲ˾飬ľǸˣ

骿ĵӣҲԼ
޲飬Ҳһ֮ͺˣϽȥͬ־æ
ֵͬ־ϵıӼҳҲգֻʵˣ
ġ͸ϲá
ȻȰͲȰ֣ɻǵ˵һúá
ָһͬ־ֱȥɳ
ججǩ֣ǩͺˡ
׼ڣֵĸֱӽ϶ˡ
ȥ֤
骸߸˵İߣתʲôʱܳȥ
骿һۣȥɳˣҪQJ
ڸոգͨˡ򲻵ѾͲ¶ͻȻӦˡ
֪Լ겻Ըô˽ģҲΪ˲ġ
Ҳ뵽δ᲻Ůͬ־ΪͬòЭĺһ顣
ЩһֱǺڵġ
޲ûصȥԸҲԲѡô˽飡


349 349
˱һϲŻ,һ㲵Ĳˣƣӻûˡ
ͷһη,Լôǰûõġ
˼ѹôô˵ץץ
˶˻üš
ڱų֮Ǵûһˮܡ
һȥ˵һϢ,Լ,骻ǿ顣
ƨ֮仹ǿ飿ǼҴأҪȻҲҪôһûõϱ
ﳶɤӺ
˿ö¶Ů˶,ʲô
Ҳ骵ҪȻҲ¶
ס,Ҳ׵ǱȥˣֻԼſ,骲Ҫ
˵ƭ,˵Ҫֲ,ŹŮĴ˵骵Ļ
Լôһ,骸¶Ǻܿʹˮ
λ˺䶯
֮ǰץҪ䶯
ڴ,ɷǺѰ¶,ǿͲһˣһǺܶ˵¶
¶ܿͳΪ˵˲෹һ̸ʡ
Ӷ˵¶,۷׷,Ϲ
˴˵ԼҪǸԼɷˣ˸Ūɳȥ,ָԼɷǿ飬ɼҲʲôƲ硣
ˮ쵼ɲҲЩã̫ˡ
ϾˮĹԱⱳˮֳˣ˼ҴһΣͻˮһΡ̫ˡ
ԼΪһͬ־ù¶øȥ̸¶ڶôˣٸҲûã㻵ˡǱˡ
ҲˣҲץˣҪôأֳܾˡ
ˮĸҲȰ¶Ů˳Կһ¶һ¡
骿ЦҲôġԼ޸
ôӶˣһЩΣȰˣ˾ˣЩĿ࣬Ҳ׳ԣ
Σ⵨ӿˡ
֪ԼûǾԼίԵõˡ
¶˹ˣ
ҲˮϢ
Ͼ֮ǰץ¶ֱģбҲһʱ֪ͨ
Ϊ骳ɹˡ
һϢ֮ҲǾƬ̣Ҳû뵽
һ¸ҵŮͬ־
ҲпΪЩʲôˡ
¶ʮֵ֧ġҲͨӣˮٴνһ塣
Ͼ÷չܻһЩڰҲҪıŮͬ־˼룬һչŮͬ־˼벻̫⽨ˡý˼롣ȻѣҪ߳һ
ĺͺˮϲ¡Ȼ˺ܶˣܻ֪˵ġҪŮͬ־ֻһҲκﷸнҵһɽͬ־ҲˮĻᡣˮڴչ֮ǰӣЩСЩ֪ϴȻѾȥˣǷɵĹһֱڡžպ󾭼÷չһϵа
һ֪ˮǲܰĵĹˡ
ֵͬ־ҿŵǲ¶֮׼﹤
骶һǳ״ӡǿӲ
һ¡
ȫû뵽骡
Ͼʵ̫ˡȻܺߣǺܶɲ
ԺҪ¶ͻһ䣬Ǹ骡
ȰǾӲ
ǿˡǸŮͬ־ԸǱЩʮĴүǶǿĶࡣ
˵һ첻µزµġ
Ҳ֪͸׶ҲǾ¶ܵףˮһҪܡ
ˣȻҲˮܡ
ȻǸǾȥˮҲĵӣȻϣˮչõġ
Ҳˮ¶ӡ
Ͱ¶֪ͨ򳤣򳤿Ű졣
ˣܵס
¶õɳ¶񾯶úõȥ顣
¶϶ǿԲ鵽֤ݵġҲһ߸һѺѵģ¶϶˵˸ڻ
ȫȥŲ
ҪôݵİӶ鲻ˮɳͶǳԸɷġ
ϢͻȻһһСӣôš
һ룬ˣǸŮͬ־ƶȽС
ҿֹⰸҪ飬ЩҲŲ顣¶ĵһǸҪߵģһʲôʱֳûİӣǲˡ
ЦôϸģҲͦˡȥ칫ˣߵ¶ҲˡúøɣֻҪˮ϶Կ
ǿ϶ģϾˮˡЦ
¶ãˮԸɷġ
˵ְҪ黹ǲĳġ
ϾȷģȻ骻ṩĵص㣬Լ֪¶ˡ
ɳҲóʮǿӲ̬ȣҹʡ
Щ˶ǸˣЩҲˡ
ǲģɳҲа취ֿʻЩˣٿڹҲǰﷸǷġ
ǿԴµӣЩһŻ͸ŵ˵ʵˡ
˷ֿ˵Ŀڹǲġ
骣ԤıĴٳ¶
ЩҲԼ˵Ҳ׼淢ģֻ˼Ҷ׼ˣͲ뻵
ƭȥֿǸ֪࣬Ҳˡ
һŮ֪ࡣ
ͻسˣ骽һͻȥˡ
¶㷭ҲûáҲ治˼ȥ
Ͼ˼Ҿʹ
æһڵĹһݽΪϸĻչƻһ꣬ڶꡣ
æ꣬Ҳõˮݽ
ѾƽȥˡȻû֤֤кܶࡣϱԼҲȷϣǺпܳġ
ͷȡ֤¶ӦС
ٿˣΪûʵʵĲ룬ǲô
رǸƭ骵ˡֻᱻ²
ΪѾˣ²涼Ҫ
֪൱سǵĳԼλҲС
˾Ͳøˣ
û
ˮɳƺҪ»СС»˵̬Щ⡣
ֽͲ
ǻĽÿһҵÿ˶õӦĴ֡ǵ²Ĵ֣ҲҪеġ
͹ʲô˼
С»ˣδжС»ˣС͵͵ҲˣͲˣ鲻ӾͲˣץˣͲץˣ
ϰ߲á
ˣϴ򻹲УЩʶȥκϸСİɾ
ֱһ绰ˮɳ񡭡ǻġ͹ϣǸľˣǴ𣿡
ûҲǲߣҪߣҵҡ
ԶִԴﷸҪĺϸġԶҪǡ
ȥʱǵôһݰͨļľڵλ˵Ʒ֪ʱΣȺڡ
ˮɳͷ󺹵˵¶
򳤣ͦͦ󰡣ֱǲĵ͡
һθܵ쵼ѹ
оԺԼ⹤ܲһλϸ쵼¹ĵ쵼ôʮֵľ
ȻǸľûⰸջǶˡ
ͨɳ򣬳ŹɲԼвȽ飬ﲢдʮꡣ
ˣˮǶ˿˸ͽȥˡ
ˡ
ϵ˵Ƕָָġ
һɷұŮˣһ۵Ůˡ
λһЩͬ־ԶҪȻȥñŮ߶
Ҳ̾׼ȥǱ߶Ůͬ־ȽϷ㡣
˵¶û˵
骣Ρ
ξ֪ͨ¶ˣ˵̾ʵںû㿴棬ǸǴСáΪΣԼøǸûʲôϢĵطЩְĶֲͬ־
ЦǺˣҺϴǻûȥҲ֪ǻ棬Ҳɹǻ벻˻顣
Σ
Ȱˣǵȥл
Ϊ¶Ѳģ˵Ǹ֪ܵ࣬ȥˡ
ҲмҲû뵽ܰŷϡ
ָ쵼ܰ˵һ仰ͳˡ
Ǹ쵼Ե˵
æԼƻİ֮󣬾׼Լĸɲǿᣬϸۣϸһ¡
Ҫû¶ˣʱȥҽȥͽ̸ȡܹýǵ֧֣ȻŽһ£ʹ㷢չһʹճɼ
ʱҲʹλǵƷˡ
Ǹˡ
֮ô壬Ϊ˸ôûʲôΥ͵¶
˾һ㣬ͦССǮӹܵĺܽ
ҲΪûɳʲôɼ
һõǮӣѧķÿһǮλ쵼ʲôǮץĽġ
͵ǮӵʱǮȷʵһֱǮܹõҲ١˭Ҳˣȥ˵λְǮӹ̫ˣ쵼Ǯ
ŵʱ򣬾λΪʲôôˡ
⻨Ǯ󻧣ƫƫôһλץǮӵǣܲͻ


350 350
ĥιȥ˵úúú̸̸
֪,ǮʡģǵûġǮܴ÷չڿڴǷֽ
绰ҪҪһȥǰꡣ
ǰϤϤ,Ȼ˳һ¶λǵĻӭ
Ҳλǿǻ쵼ӵŽᡣϣ˼ܹŽᵽ
Ϣˣ֪ôӦˡԶǼȥ
ǻ
Ҫŷżٵʱø飬ռˣⲻǾܺúÿչ۶Ǳص,һص,۵ǵĳ⡣ҲҪ쵼ġ

ֵǴԼȥģһȥ,һáľȥɡ
⻹治ܲȥ,ȥûˡ
ҷ׷ױʾȥ¶ôȱϯ,һ֯ˡǿϴ,һְ
ø𾴡
⼫,ǵʱϡ
,֪ͨĿǰڵ쵼,ǧꡣ̫æ,ûʱྡæˣۻǿġ
һ,
˳㱨Ǹӵĺ
,ɻһ֪ءɳһοִӡȥġ
Ǹ,ҲǸδִֿ¶Ҫ鷳ﷸ鷳ץﷸĸˡ
˵Ķԣӡ绰ѾǸľҵˡ˼ڻ쵥λ浱ˡڵعͬ־Ҳϣ̡нˣͺ㱨
Уǵͬ־ǺǱġ
֪¶Ҫˣ׼֪ͨˮͬ־骹̸̸ˡ˽һû⣬Ϥˡ

ʡԶһʡʡǣڴľ걻ߵϢ϶ˡ
ͷͬ־ߣ൱صһ¶
ߵʱҲû˵ʲô¶ֻ֪Ǻһصİйء
ǷŵˣǷˡ
Ȼ˾ͻˣ¶Ǳϵ۷׷ס
϶ʲôȱµ¶ŻᱻߣҪȻͬ־ôأ
ľѾ˵꣬ЩŵְģԵɥ
Ҳǵһγ
ƫƫҲûʲôܽ
Ҳû뵽ʱôˣȻܰⰸӳһܲ鵽ʹ¶ȻҲܱȥôԶ׷Ϊʲô¶˽˵λ
Щв
ľڰ칫ˡ
û뵽ôһġԼǻҲû취Ϊ˻سǡҲ֪¶Ϊֻȥ˵˵ѡ
Ȼ뷨ǲģҲֻԼ֪ˡ˭õһأ˭骵ء
ľҲǸ̵ģ׼һӣʱ䳤ˣȻ͵ˡ
λᡣ
һܵλã˶ءƽʱץСˣڱӶôܲץأ
Ĵͨܿˡλ
ݴֽĵδҪҵλûϷ
ҹҲʼˡ
󳧴Ժ˶֪ˣλڵεʱ͵åϻ۸һŮ֪ࡣ
Ȿɥĵ¶رûнڲ١
ϺåϻǾ͸Ƿˡ
ˮɳĸԲȻ˵绰֪ͨϢҸ˵ıʾοִĸܵ˹ϵͳ֯ͬ־Žаﻥľ
δֱġ
ʡȥǶıļĻȻóۣ˸ˡȻûзɴ֣ĿѾҷˡ
úЩ˴ġ
˵Ҷ¶ŵɫ۾Ƕľֺ˵ĺȺ֮ҲǺܿġ
ϵЩ˵ķӦûʲô뷨
Щ˵뷨ѹͲں
ֻŵȹСʱȥݸ꣬л
ȥģȥᣬ˾Ϊ˸ôϸģȻԼҲ뷨Ҳ֪Ӱ첻áųСٹȥ쵼꣬¶Ǻġ
ֻǻûС꣬򳤾֪ͨˣȥһ
򳤰ʾ϶Ǻ¶úñ֡
ڹ˽ȥġ
ҲЩ²⣬ֲҿ϶Ͼ
ˣȥ˵
骵ڵʱļ
ǹｨеļƻڵڸЩˣǸģ֪֮󣬾ҪѧУﲻòǮԸǮ
¶Ȼ֧֣͸ˡ
꣬ˡ
Цŵͬ־ˣûȰɡ
ûУЦ
θˮЦҲˣɵϴҶ֪ôˡûôʵϵġ
Ҳ֪˭ʵϡ
Ҳͦ˼ӡ
ˣ骾ʽл治֪ҸôлҪҿ϶벻˻飬Ҳֻع
ʮˣʱˣˡ
ҲΪ㣬ҲΪеŮͬҲ˺¸ҵľ¸ңŸԼֻعҲûվܺĳЩ˼ˡ
骼ҵʱȷʵţ˵ˡͨҵףЭֻԼݣڲֻ¸ҵվܹ쵶ն顣
飬ߺ֮ͻسˡ
ںôꡣ
һ͡
¸ңҲûзס
ڣȥ¶ǹȥˣδʲô㣿ϴ˵ǲؼңأ
˵꿴骡
ʵ⣬ŵӵָͷ
ܵ˵ʲôԼԵȻһЩô
ǿ۾Լ˵ڡ
ͺ֮ǰæʱһĴô˵طˡ
һ湤
˵ſ񣬼º͵Ĺ˵ӣּͷأһɼǰ롣ûʲôΰıҾõˣƵˡ볹׵Ĵ
˼룬ôЩΣգ
骽ţȻûΰ˼룬һϧԼǰ̣Υͷ
Цˣ˵ƾһǵðƤӵ¿ŲСֹ˼·
ԣһ˲Ȼϲ˵ͬˣ
Цŵͷҵú˵ս裬ǳءڼ֮ĲҪˣ϶üӰࡣ
һĵͷҶУٿҶܼ֡
һǰ̣Ͼǵ飬ְλߣͨԱܸɵúòã㶼Ǹҵġ
Ը⡣
ҪʮϸġɲúһºѹҶҪߡ
ѵõĶᡣЦ
ҲЦˣʮ顣飬ȥʰʰȡ꣬ҿڰ칫ˡ
骼ճȫǾԼС
ϾδˡҪѧԼܸ


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骱ȥ¶,ˮˡ
Ͼˮڵ¶йء
û˵ʲôҪֹġһҶ骵ǻ,ܱס⹤ǲˡδżһְ϶ûϣġ
˼תҪȥˡǸ顣
Ҳ֪鲢ʲôߴϵְλҲûļֻһԱ,൱ƽֻ֪ȥ쵼,϶ǲһġǸˡ
Ƕ쵼ôˡ
Ժ󲻵ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡҷ׷ײ²ǿһˡѧҲߣҲ,Ҳ
Աڱ˴л
ˮ쵼ӵͦˡ
ˮģе顣θֹ,ˮҲǳġ
ôɽˣҲǺ¶ҪȻ˼ˮиŮɲôô,ܲ档
ԴҵǶ骺ɫġ
ҲܵԼ֮,˶̬ȡӿʼ,Ʋ,ų,񡣵һЦŴк
𡣿͹,Щĺܵ
骶ˮû̵ĸģ̸᲻áӹҲܿ졣Ͼ֮ǰͱȥ,ûпʼչ
ҲǰͷϵһЩ,ԼƷþˡ
ʰ֮ǿͿȥÿһ쵼
ϾΪһ飬һǺ͸ŴùϵϹһҪá
Ǹ˵һĻúøɡҲΪˮ⡣
Цŵ,һģллˮôҵࡣ
骾뿪ˮ뿪ഺĵط
Ϊȥϵǻ˳
мŮͬ־ڽ죬ų߹ȥˡ
ȥˡ
Ҳ¶𣿡
ʲôˣְ
ǵ۷·һ㣬оԼǰ֪·˴һԭ˵Ůˣֹļˣְ
쵼ľ𣿵ȻᣬʱԼǰˣǸˣ
ȥһ죬͸˹
ȫ¶ȫû˵ʱϤ
ϤԼ취ʱϤȻѱˡʱǲܵġ⼸Ҫˣʱ䲻ˡ
һȫǹշ͸
ĽҪԡ
һԷչΪĵĵϰղǺΣյ顣ž÷չԽԽãԺ˻ԽԽ࣬׳¶շá
ǸĽŮԵĹΪŮƽȵģǵҲƽȵġҪֽŮ˼룬ǷԼΪýסǱĳЩ֪ѹãһҪ¶һ죬Żϡץץ
¶棬ȷʵоǿշ͸ҲڱУԼģʵ̫æиˣȻˡ
֮ȫӸˡ¶ҲҪִֻ֣Ҫһȥžˣ棬Ѵպã˰Ͱ¾
¶᲻̼骵˼룬Ҳûǡ
Ϊ߳߳ˣҪΪȥ¶ǶЩУԺûչˡ
Ҳûʧ¶ˡе˷ܡ
ȥϤȫĸɳԼţҪһȫΧշԼŸŮͯ
ĵڶ죬骾ͳȥˣԼ칫Ҷûȡ
֪ôҪ񣬻ͦģ𣿲Ǹ𣿡
ǰɵ¶Ҿ΢ɵˡЦŶ˲˿ڣ죬Ҳ۰
Цˡɲˣ¶
ȫģɲҲɣû¶˾ˤ㿴һ·ˤˣ˻ᣬôԼ
ЦЦû˵¶еˣӦòʱҲһ¡÷˸鷳
ֻ㱨˰칫¥ĽѾ깤ˣɹˣѡӰˡѡĸ칫ңͷòáڰ칫أŶ
һ¥ʡ¥ݡ
Ĺض쵼¥ҲòȺѡ˸¥ݿڵġԺһЩ
ҲòõĶã칫칫ΣиļСɳľʵľˡʡ㣬ǹǮӵģһǮۡ
Σ
Ϊ骵ļ룬ʡĲ٣ٴʮڰ칫ȹˡ
׼Ŵʮȥͳ÷һ꣬˭ԼǱء
þúþûˡ
ڳ÷֪϶ȥ꣬ǰԼȥˡ
ǲ¼Ĺϵദǲñˡ
Ȼˡĥȥǰȥݶ
ʮţ׼ǰȥˣûǽӵһ绰
绰ﴫû㣬ǲ㰡㣬㣡
༤ˡ
񽫻Ͳ΢ԶȻңСͬ־𼤶С
̫˽㡣ˡ
εЦʦ˰ɣô
ʦҲҰյ˵ˣ㣬ôʱûϵ벻Ұ
ûУ̫æˡʵæ˶ûôϵ
װĵʼ
ɶ㲻ҲûôʱҲûϵ˵ϵϣռͶ֪ôϵҡ
տ˿ȣңҲǲϵ
Ŷǻǲϵ
ûұ˹ˣˣƺͿڸ顣㣬㲻֪ңұˡ
üզ£
ر𻵡ǻҴ绰дšûʱ䴦Ȼҷ乤֮ҵλҡ̸Ĺûʱ䴦ˡҲ˺ϵ
һʾԼ
û취ˣֻܺ󡣡
Ŷô̫ˣأˡˣҵֶΣ
㣬ˣϾҪˡ

һЦˣ绰ңҪ˰ɣôࡣ
绰ͷɫͮͮġŹȻˣ֪϶ᱻ𴩵ġ
Ӧͽ̹׵ġ飬־òú־ǰһˡ̫޳ˣ
Ҳ˼۸СȻСҲǶʮˡˣҿ⼸껹ǹĺܲġҪȻҲһֱӡ
ɣڶͦõģͦҵġ
زǳɡ
ǣڿɳϢˣԺ󲻻Ұֲġˣоء
죬Ӵоʲôѽ
ѧũѧģֳ벻ɣǰһˣȻѡֳˡǰҲһҿЩ飬ʲôƷ֮ġ˵ʲôµ᳤ֻĸʡ
һְҵʱȤˣļٵģôϢӴãǺãҵͿǸǰ;ġ
տɸˣٺٵɵЦ
Ȼʵ㣬㲻Ұ
ɶãҵȻͬǣӻͷ׼ӲˣҵȻ֧ˡ޹أ˾СҪǶáؼ˼Ǳʱ֪ˣΡץ˶ĺʷȻ׷氮
⻰û˵ڡⲻ氮šԩҰ
ֺٺٺٵɵЦȻμԼĻ
׼ںǰ죬ʱ䶨ʮ塣׼ǰģΪæ԰ˡ
Լʱȥһˣû׼ȥһˣ͵ڹûţ֪ʱܲʱ䣬УһȥҪʵȥˣ׼
յ㣬զôæ
ɶʱæˡ
һֱæѽҺҲ쵼Ҿ͵ʦͦõġո˵ȻҲ֪ӹûǿһҪ㣬㰲Ĺʱ͹ҷżҲȥ㡣
֮ǰǲҿ͸ˡ˵˵Լ׷ľ
ûд
ЦҲˣҪæû׼졣
ռĺ˭˭ҽ򣬸ɶģ̫ˣôõĶ
ͷʶ
ϡտɸˡ
ĺ졣ھɫˡ


352 352
ʮ, ȥˣ˼٣ԼȥԪͬ־һ֡һЩԪûؼҵͬ־һġ
ߵĸ˻ʶ, ˼ˡ
ġҴӦҪһֱİȫġ
ҽȥ˾Ͳˣһҡ
ŷȥˡ
ȥ÷֮ǰ͸ݶľߡ·Ь֮ģɲ֪, ²ʡ
⻹ݶ׼һ
÷ڼ׼ˡ
ĸŮҲ׼ֻҪԷ, Ͷ׼һЩ˶ѡ
ݶҲһûˣǻǵֻҪ꣬һͿſдҵ, ˵ܹȥհ̣
ҲЦ, ֺǺǵܹȥݶ
ݶдҵ, ͵, ôдҵ, 䰡
, ˮݶЦŵ
ˮů֡
ϲհ, ΪհǺ, ĶǺá
Ϊһûʲôݵļͥݶ, հ̾ǵˡ˸á
ЦĬĬ黨衣
÷Ŷ, æӭӣӹĶܡ, ôôණ
ҶһûǼˣѵһΣⲻˡ
׻˵̫ˡָ裬ͿԳ극ˡ
Ȼ͵ģҲûźȲ裬Ҫȥ÷æ
ģڵ㡣̫Ͳˡ
÷жҲܾûֹˡ
УҾͲˡ
ݶҲûдҵˣϴæʰӣڷꡣ
ķ˶ǱȽģ׼緹׼
һ굽ͷҲôһԵıȽϸһЩ
÷ȥ껹Ҫʢ
ϸƷ
Ϊ䣬Ū˸þƾţ
͸ζ
˷ˣͺһԷԼˣҲů
Ҳռ͵ˣԶڹԪͬ־
رԪͬ־ֵÿһ˹ˡ϶û
˸ڣſʼӡ÷ٱ;һһǵþʲôҲ˵ˣﶼء
ЦɶԺû׼øҰæء
÷ϲǿ϶ûġ鶼ǷչĴ飬˵Ҳø
ݶҲԼװźˮıӾ񣬡ллհ̡
Цݶлʲôѽ
ллǹꡣ
ԣ۾ͻȻɬһ£ЦҲøлҹ갡Ҳһ档
ݶԺһͶɣһꡣ
ðҲЦ
ݶĸвˣȻȥǸôû
߳Բˣߵæأرæ
Ǹˡݶ
æǺЦ
˶ΰ󡣡ݶͺһ
̲סЦˡûеġ
һڼӡ
ҲһԵҹȻһꡣ
ҹ͸ݶһ
ݶϲˡ⻹һյ
÷˼⣬ôأ
ûǮͽŴݶǸ˵ӣ֪Ǹˡ
Ҷݲܸݶ÷Ҳûˣкˡ
ݶʮϧ׼հ
Ǻʹݶ˯һġڱҲ衣ݶůš
Ҳ˯ţֳѵõദʱ䣬Сʱ¶˽ǰľԺ롣
ݶ˵Ժ뵱ɲ֮ˣиСֶӺһأԺлʶû׼Եء
ݶĻش𣬡ðȻʵɼ𣿡
ͦõģǿһ
Ҳһ
Ƕ񽾰
ڶһ磬ӵĳ뿪ˡ
һܹһ٣ѾܲˡҲ㡣Ͼʹݶ˯һء
Ϊ֮ǰ͸ɲԼȥǰģ񻹵ȥ·ڵ˹ϡ
Щɲǿѹ֮£ҲûٵǰԼĵص㣬ȻճͬС
ǼҰڸڵ̨С
ƳǲԶ
ֱӹȥҲһСʱʱ䡣
·ϣ湤չ
һĵǰʱ䶼鰡
־Ļ㱨һ¡
ʱѾĸˣΪ귢չù׼ˡֻһ£Ǿܹ
ͺáǽȥ˵˽֮󣬻ϾܶˡŽĺôǴŽụЧʾߺܶˡ
˶ͷ˵ȷʵ¡Ž
ЦԴڼǵʱһҪᶨԼ뷨Ȼ뷽跨ǵĶȡŽеͬ־

˵ûءǸű̬ءһѷĹȥˣǵʱô룬һء
ǡ
ЩƣϽתƻ⣬˵￪չĹ
ںɳ᲻ӰǶʼץˡֺǰһ
ʲôǰһ¶¿ѭץǲ֤ݲץ
ЩϰվǲԼˣ˵ǼͥìܣҲ˵
Ҳ֪ʲôǼͥìܣֻ֪ڼҷǹβĳĳ˵ļˡιϵҪ
Щճĺӵģ¶̫ˡݽȫ񵱻£Σյ˼룿˭־ͽ˭־ץ˭
˾ҪˣҲû˵ɶˡ
Ȼ׷˵úϵġϺȡ
ͷǾ͵ôϣսЩ¶û˼һ硣ϼ¸ĵ·
һ·ŹǺܿ͵Ŀĵء
ǼﻹסһͲ¥档
Ͳ¥Ķ¥
ȥŵʱ򣬿ŶǸСͷ
üͷһۣ˭
ҽǣǻĽǡ
Сͷɫһ㶣Ǵӻģǡ
³ˣǵĽˡ
Цŵǽǰɣðǡġǻ⼸λǸġ
ЦźͽǴкʮ
⻹ˣ
ɫȴֱ䡣ȻǿЦǽ
˶ڡ
ôˣͦ档Ͼλ߲ǰ˶ˡ
ǻˣ֪ǻǱġ
ǵϰʮּѽԶǻ̫꣬
СҲϽȥ̸¡
һҲ̸¡ֻꡣ
һҪǮġ


353 353
ǿɲɵ, ֪⼸߲ƣ϶Ϊʲôչ⡣
²⵽⼸˿϶Ѿϼƺ˵ġ
ȻЩƣҲ뵽Ľ, ԼһȥˣضǹԮġʵҲûҰģȨơɵԼݾС
ҲΪܰϧë̬ҲִܽͬŻǮ㷢չ
Ӽ߹˶֪, ǮǵʡŻġ
սʡ
⼸ûʲô, ֱ׵ʵǼԼһİѾϤˡ
ǰʾǸС塣
Դ𾯱
Ц, ⶼң˵Ҫ, ǾͶҪڰ೤ǰúñһء֯ڲ쵼ӵ쵼Ϊ೤Ҳƺա
, ǰǰ, ೤
ϱЦŶ˲, ̫ˡ
Ӧõ, ೤ԺҪǸ㷢չġЦŵ
ϱ˵, λɡſ, б°
˵ţƽ, ̬ȷźõ㡣ͷ⽻Ҳˡӡ
ǿЦЦ, ȷʵΪţ»죬Ǯִš
쵼, ԺҲҪǶˡˣιҲͽǻ㱨
ĵˣˡ
ϱЦˣ˵̸緹
һߣǾͻĻ㱨ˡ
ҲȫǸṩģȻǼ쵼ٻ
ƶϸķչƻ顣
㱨ĿɺϴβһˣϴҲû׼ãֻǴµĺͽ˵Ҫ·չáƻгʮ·ıҪԡ
ǵһЩȷʵƻ
ҲˣҪǮ
ǸҵʣܲʲôṩҪȽ蹤ҵ԰͵ûܶǮ
ȻʲôƳû˭Ͷʣ
Ǯ
ЩɽֳҲҪǮӰɡ
Դͻͻۣʮּ֣ƻǺܺõģҲҪʵǡڻԣΪҪ㡣ϴǲ˵ͶʣǾ·
ЦҼǵ¶Ҳ׼ôɵģǰɣҾǻҲܸɵȥͶʣ϶ҪһЩ̬ġںͶʲа˵ɽֳȸˣƳͶǿȰѹȥĸ֮·ҲҪˡ̯ͺðˡ
Ҳɣһ׵ľͶʡôҲûеʾźȥ̸
Ҫ˻Ҳ˿ſʼ˲С
϶Ѿ׼ˣӴҾæ¶أæĽŲմˡΪ˸೤ṩһĴ
˵ЩƻʱѾˣҲòǮ
֮·ȷʵޣ㽭ǻϿɵġϾһ֮ϵһҪܡ
ǰƳֳЩͶʶú£һûɹʧ٣
Ͳһһôಽӣ׳Ⱑ
ҡͷʱ䲻˰ǡضûʲôˣҪǲűĵطûӦ֮ǰͰѷչֻԽԽѡǣ֮ǲ׷ϣ
ǿ˿ȣȻ׷׵ͷ
û취ǿˣ⽭ǲͬ㷢չ
ɲУǶء
ЩҲء
ȷʵô£ںͻһء
һ
ҪƲϵĺùﶼȥڡӶҲϱˡ
ǣ⼸˹ȻѾһġһ¡ģƵûš
Ǯǵûȥȥϰô׬Ǯϰղ׬ǮǴ˰ǮȥˣܰѾ̻ˡ
߸ǾѧģȻЩ
Щ˼뻹ŤǸоôǮΣա
Ҳǵһ⣬Ҫǿί飬Щ˺վһ㷴ҲСϸҪһƱȨⲻʱҲȨ
ԴԼҪݵʱôܻˡ
˼ȥһѵľ
Ϊ˱Ǯֳ֡һڸ㽨裬һΪýҲͬ£Ųáô⣬·Ǹ¶Ҫ֮ǰԼܺ
۾һǣôңҿ϶ᷴ԰ģǮôãһǻ֧һġ
ǰڰ֣ˡⶼ򲻵ѵľ֪⼸Ѿһˡ
ҺûܱסһǮ
ñܹˡ
ã쵼֮ȥﵱǣܾΪ˼ලġ
гϵĳɹ絹ûԷǸ߸˵ˡ
ˣϱЦźͽǵЩͦģԶĹ㡣
û㲻
ôˣôԶҲǳ⡣
ԸҪ⣬һù
Ҳϰ֪ľġ
ܸܲϰ飬ûλλЩͬ־Ѿˡȥ֮󣬾ǹ¼ҹһ
һŻǮԺָҪǳʲô¶ء
֮ǰһƲ̫ɡһ֮ǰɵЩҪѡ
˸ӪԷ񻹴󷽵͡
ʳʡ
оˡǺϻԸ
ûﶼ֪϶ˡ
߳Ժˮߵɶˣѵһ㽨裿
ѵ밴˵ļƻչ򣿡
⻰ʵĴһ㶣Ȼ׷ҡͷ
һ̯ͶˣǱͬĿġվͳһս档

⻰е
οû¶Ǻúø㷢չǿǷչˣҲῪĵġ
λϰ೤Ҳ޼ƿʩˣһѾ׼ˣһǸոճûͳһġ
ֻǿԵﵽԼĿˡ
Ҳ⼸λһĿġ˵ˣҲǿȺڵľġ
ЧеģûгûۣҸһĿˡ
ȥ·ϣ˷ܵĸҰ
ȥͰռƻִУøɲǿʼϰ˼ܶԱعҵǱ߻ƤҲҪϽˡ
ˮļ⹤ҲȥʡҲԿʼǮˣȰѾƳȻȥͶʣѾƳ󡣡
ɽǱҲҪϽֳλøҺˣʰýդĽդϰͶʵҲҪˡǮȰǮ¶µһѾʼ ˣ
İţҲ֮ǰֲҲˡǸ߲ҲҪˡ
˷ܵĴ֡ŸԵﵽʱηչҪδаæ
һˮԴãȥʽ칫ˣԺҲҪֻԿһ쵼ԼλϵĹáչڼҪϵģͺúϡҪΪĳķչԴ״ҲҪͬ־Ĺˣǿָúã۾ͱϹָӡ
ͷɿһ
ˮ֮Լ͵͵ˡ
ӴһǮզ


354 354
ȥһ¶ǿᡣ
ǻһ,ûһѡ˴˵˿ɻģǿ
,쵼Ӷˡ
һΣȷ˷չƻʼִС
ÿ쵼ӵÿʼˡǺ֮ǰ˵˵ѡ
·飬ÿһˣͨ·߸·֪ڸ򶼲Ǯ,,ᲦһֿҷĴ󵨵ĸɡ
ɣ쵼򼤶Ĺơ
ÿǮҪڵ档һһֵ,ҸˡǽǿǸģû˷,һ۾Ϳˡ
ǰ滹˵Ĵ󵨵ĸء
ø쵼ԣ˵ǽĹƻ
ڱϷɿļ¼š
鿪һ絽ϲŽ
иɲǶ˿һ,ǰѹǰˡһ˼ûˡʲôĳ,Ƕûϵ,Ǳ˵Ľ,ǵÿʼɻˡ
һ,骾͸˱׿ˮ
,Ȳˣϵ˯š
˸Ƿ,Ҳͦ۵ġҲôоȦˡ
,ԼŻ¼ݡ
骵дĲдҲܿ졣
¼ĻǱȽƵġ
ȥһ£ź϶ȥһݡ
֮,ҲԵ㲵ǲǺۣ˵˰ɣҵ۵ġ֮ǰĹô꣬Һ滹ü㰲Ź
骷ЦȻۣҾúܿġ鶼壬Ҳܶˡ
Цŵͷʵշ͸ô
ֱˣһĻ㱨ԼĹɼ
Ŀǰ϶ûɵġ⽫ǳڵĹ
Ϊ̫ޣҲ̫ˡ
Ͼɵ˼̫ˡ
骼ලԼշҲܼѡȻҲ󣬵Ǻܶ˶⣬رʹˣⲻˣԼڷ
ȡ֤ץ˺ܶŮӤģмұġΪ˶ܼƻֱӺӵġΪշҪǶ֪Ƿ
ҲϾ
ֹҪշҪϳ͡ƶͻͻҲƶ
ҲҪչáý
һ仰ӴˣʲôС
⻰ܲҲʵԽԽ󣬻ֵᷢҲԽԽࡣ
ҲԽԽѶҲԽԽ
ҪʵռͣСϴ壬ỷͺˡѹֹԴԶֻһķΧ
ҲܷΪ쵼Ҳܷ
骣ǳڵģüҶš㲻Ͻ⣬ˮʯͻԽԽ١ҰѾ÷չ̯̺ˣҾڳ١
骼٣Ŭ򶨣֤񣡡
ĵڶ죬Ϳʼչˡ
·Ŀʼ滮·ˣ¶ڵҲ¶
¶Ǹ忪ʼ֪ͨԱͶˡ
ȻҲԸԭġ֯ģԸ뵽ģͶʡ
ͶʵĿһ
˵Ͷʹҵ԰裬Ժ
ˮͶʾƳԺ÷ֺ졣
ɽһֳɽҰţ
ЩĿĴɲǴռ
ǣƻġ쵼ǻǰǣнķչǿǵġˣҲȫһ¸ˡ
ϰô¸ˡ
ҪǮͶʵ¶Ҷš
Ǻͻϰղܱȡ˼Ƕˣǻûء
Щɻ󣬻ȥǱߵݣܲͶ
ϰһǱҪͶʣǲǻͶͶ޶еǮͶȥ
ֱ˵ɶҲ١׬˾һӡ
̫Сˣ¶ԥȥǸɲܲתǡǻϲͶˡ
쵼ӷԸСͶʣ͵ְɣΪٿ鰡֪ÿΪСֺ춼ſǲͶ͵֡
ȥһȦشǲġͶǮ͸ϽͶ
ͶǻԥԺű˸ԣ˱ڡ
лܱˣܲܿͶʡһġ
ɰѺЩ쵼ʹɲŪͷˡ
⵹ǸصһЩͶʵˡ
ôͶʻǿȡġ
ЩõóǰģҲʼͶǮˡ
湤ɵĽУҲûţҵ¶ҲûܣȥˡԼȥʡȥˡ
ˮǸȪˮ׺òã֮ʲôЧ϶Ҫġ
Ǳߵô궼Ǹˮ˵ˮǰȫġ
õݣ
ȻʡǲһûϵǮԻǮ⡣
Ȼ룬ʡǮǮǵûȽϽԼʱ䡣
ͦ¶ǲʵģҪȻ϶ͬ⡣
Ը⻨Ǯ˼⣬̾ͺˡ
˶Լʱ䣬Ųʱ䡣
ڹӪ˸緹
֮ȥģ·ٻ̵꣬ͣ˰ٻ̵ꡣ
ٹʮСˣ׼
ǾͽΡ
ӺðܴܻǮѹסȽʵڡ
ѡһ֮󣬾˰ۻԱʱֿ˽Ա߷ŵһָ̽һʵжԽ𣿡
ۻԱָָԽָ
ŻƲӲӵĴָŵʱԪָͷϴŻƽָӣͻȻЦЦҲԼ䡣ȻƽҲܱͦȴŸʯǿ
ʱҲ
ĽָʽǺܼ򵥣ûرڡҲܷ򵥵ĹָʽԴһôáһǿڵģԺҲĴˡ
ѡһխĹָҰܿ𣿡
ۻԱûҵ񣬲¥ʦʦ֡
ǮŽָȥ¥£ʦڽָϿ֡
æϰŸŪˣСĵİѽָáȻ˵ȥˡ
ģ
Ȼ̲סЦԪҪ֪Ůͬ־ָ֪ʲô뷨


355 355
m᳡
Ԫæ깫֮Ҳʱμӡ
, ǺٲμġԪҵıչֶ̫ˣʵ᲻Ȥ
һЩɷݻ, ǸȤ
ר鱦ġȷе˵ϵһŷꡣ
Ʒķ
ǿŷͼƬ֮üͷˡ
̫ˡ
ʮķꡣ
и֮һΣɽָܺʡ
׼иһĽ棬ָ÷ɫʺ
ɫλú롣һˡҲáʺϡ
ʵԪ, 鱦ǲȱġЩ鱦ʯǳɶѵˡ
רڴ, ŮΣĸҲ˺ܶࡣ
Щǰ˴ģ鲻ʡ
ҪԴһöָ
ǰЩΪЩʵĶǧ, ںˡҲ޲ýкÿ䱦û¶Ҳá
ԺҲҪԼ׬ǮܶΣ, κҲСԺԴǵŮ߶ϱ
Ԫ̲סЦЦǷƬ, ԽԽ⡣
Ȼڲ̫̫, ҲԸӵкܶණ
m˹, ɫЩ, ȷҪõʯҸոȥϢ, ˺ܶࡣаŵĽӰˡ
Ԫüͷ, ˼𣿡
ΪûֱҪԪͶͨѶҵǸ޵׶㻨Ǯû塣ЩϼһѾڲ²ԪûиʽˡͶʺܲ
ʱ, ûǮûüֵ
ԪЦЦ, ׼͸δӣû壿
ðɣֻҾӦøǵ㡣ǰǳǡ
Ԫ, Ҿںǡֻ͸δӡֵӵС
˷
ûǵԪ顣
ǴѧͬѧҲԪһʱ䡣Ԫ̫˽ˡһΪ˴ĿģԼޱȵˡκʱ򶼻ᱣѵͷԡ
ǵһ״̬ʱʯ
ðɣ˱ʧȥǡףˡϧӲΪĸûпһ㡣ȫûôǮΪԼ̫̫ʯҲûмλˡ
ԪЦҡͷҵڣͬġ
ӿһλڼŮʿ
ĳЩ棬ҸỨǮ档
ӵʲôģô
˸ˡ
˺üǸյ˵ˡ
Ԫ΢΢ЦһԱ
ͣ۾һλ͡
Ԫ鲻ˣʲʺϣǣ͡ɲǹĹԱ
ⲻһ
ԪҲˣʱôʲôͣ
ῪʼˣҲӦˡ
һҵɱ԰˰ʮļ۸
۸Ԫ⡣
Ҳ̾˰ʮ򻨳ȥˣˡԪǺܰλڻڻˡ
ڶ죬һ˶ʮϢҲʱȦˡ
ܶϤ˶֪Ԫġ
Ǳ²ԪλͨѶҵΪڻͶʧˣЩ
ЩͶ߶ҲЩûģ޷ез
˰˰ʮʯϢЩµĲ²⡣
Ͷ޵׶ʱ򣬻ܹôֽһűʯɼкܶǮ
λ˻ֻmͨѶҵԪŸˣƺڻĲʱȻۺ񡣺ԪзͶʹҲˡҲԪͶˣҲ뿪ʼ˽⻪г

ڰ칫ϸĿˮʼⱨ档
ѧⷽģҲ󶮡רҵˮˮ൱õġ
ɾȾ溬ĸԪҲܺʣҲ彡
񳢹ˮ򵱵һСƵԼİ׾ơ
ΪƹմֲڣζҲûʲôȶ˰׾Ƶ˶ʾƵζһɺܴĸо
ֻҪոĽˣζһܺá
걨֮ˮʼƳˡ
ƼҲõģֻҪǮ򣬻ˣûġ
Ͷʹˣ͸ˡ
Ȱ˵
Ҳȥǿ
³˹ģ֮һֱڰ칫Ҵţš
ƽʱҲ˰ģһ׼ݵӡ
ˣҲǱֵĺӡ
Ͼ쵼Žᣬܹ˸ͬһĿ꣬һġ
ֻҪǲӰ﷢չһͷҲû¶ġ
ǰ칫ͽǻ㱨⹤
ͷȥɡ
ЦУҾͰȥˡ
һȻСհһǵú˵˵ᣬ׳嶯ƽʱ߷滹Ҫ㡣Ǯ棬Ǿ͵һǮáȫضڸ㷢չҪǮǹҾôǮ
˿ȣ֪ˣǣһԸ㣬֯鷳ġڽǵӢ쵼£ǵǮһԽԽá
Цһ¡
ʲôʱ򿪴ᣬҿܹҪȥͶʣ´˻ʱ䡣
żٿǵΪڿûʲôá
ڶǺһĵġԼǾǰ裬ֻᶪԼȰĹ۲Щˡ
Ҫ˳ʱվִ֡
ûô𡣼ҪլţҲˡ
Ҫλʵڲ¶ҲУɵ㡣λǺúõĶȹǰڡû׼ã廹ܸء
Уҹֱӳȥˡʱ¶ˡ
ڣİɣҡ
Ƕ롣Ҳˡ
õǵġ֧֡ˮظѾƳйŪ
Ȼȥһ˺ɽ
ɽ嶼ڽմͶʣѾͶһǮˡ
ںɽ׼ɹ 
ǵҲûָ׼Լȥҡ
ҲԼȥԣһ·Ҳá
׼ȥ¶ˡ
һҪȥĵطͦࡣȥǲμӻȥһ׶̸̸¶
׼Ǯ档
ûΪĳ¶׼ȥͷ
̫СˣҲûʲôơ
ƣ֮ȥϷͶʡ
һŪûʮµĸ㲻ܻ꣬ôһ¡
ʮһͳˡǰС˸绰
ո˻ˡˡ
ﶼЩ
ôæʱԸǧμӻ治ΪӣΪɹ١
ȿȣҵʱе¶
ջͦģ㣬Ҫɣˡ
ǣΪ˹񡣡
û¶ˣͦ˵ġܱϵ˶õ˲š
˵Сء
ӺƵǣһ·ŵˡ
ΪСҪæŽ¶ҲûԼ˸дȰԼʰһȻ˶ȥռ


356 356
ȥռҵ·, ҲС
Ѿüûˡ
仯ִˡ
Զչһ¥ˣҲˡ
Ҳġʼչˡ
ưͺڵĻһ, һֱڽСδһ죬ܹչеӡ
ÿһƬϣһŬڸ㽨ˡ
δһǻֵġ
ռﻹסڸֳԺ
ֳԺӵ޹ˡռҲ˴ӡ
ŵʱˡ
ŵյ衣
ǰҲֻǺþûһûϳ
Цŵ, , ãյѣһġ
һӼ, 㰡ҼǵˡȻպ쳧, 죬, , ͬ־ˡ
Ŷͳ, , ˵˹, , 㣡
հҲˣ, հֻӡǸŮ̥ǵĺѽ
С, ɺþûˡ
Цźˡ
СǺþûôԶϹ
ЦǺǵ
ϲ񡣱ϾΪıŮûԿͷ, ܿϴѧ
˵һҲΪ
ȻԼҲ˼æ¶Ҳû˼ͷϣǼմˣŮҲ˺ô
Ǹˡ
дȴ
վͼĺԳˡ
˵ԼЩĶŬռ͵ʱ⡣ǻһŬӡ
ЦڲҲǺܺ𣿶ʦˣһǸʦءĶδĴѧ
պҲû٣һܳʮͲˡ
ҲܲˣЦ¼ȡʿɲߡ
һû쵼̾㵱˵ҽѧУ֮רڶûϡ
Цһ£㣿СƤЬȹӴû
ǵСֽЦԼġûҰҪǮء
ǰбˣҲˡҲͦοǸɵɵģֻ֪СܹԼˣҪɼˡʱ찡
óҲ֪ϲʲôˣ
һ۾ˡŲأ͸ˡ
ÿ㣬á
Цð
˲Ųҽأ˼Ҷ᲻áտɲɵܹʮͲˡȻǲͬġ
ЦҡͷҲûյ˿
ռͣǵ۵ġ
Ȼգɵܹ¶Ҳա
ָ˵ĸԼҪ·ҪʰԼĿ֡
㣬㶼ѧŵ㣬ⶼ׼þò׼ءö಻Ķ軹б˽̵ġҪҲõš
ҽҲ졣
Լ飬ܾ֤Ȼڼ̫ʲôױ̡֮
ɱίԼղͬɱδʡǮ
Ц룬ʡǮŴǱŪǮͶء
Ҫ֪ҪǮȥͨѶзǾƳ׼ԪͶʵġ
ڹûǮͶˣͰԪһˡ
˵ˣ˵Ǽɣ⼸õʲô̶ˣ˵Ҳ֡
ͺˡ˵ڴѧıԵˣҺܲһˣܳˡ
ü
˵ÿȥѧһΣͼһΡݣ԰Ρ
ݣ
ȿȿȣǣ֡ôˣʱ͸Ŀˡһҿ϶ͬⰡǰˣôͬءһֱҡҷżٵʱҼԼҡʵϰʱȥѧУ°ࡣ
ҳԼǰĴ˵˼񱻴ѧϴ֮ʶԼĲ㡣ҪĹ¡˵ǰƲģְҵΰΪ⹤ø˳⡣ũ¸ͺռ͵Աһ
˵ţ㣬㲻֪˵Щʱ򣬶ôϡҾͽˡ
Ϳĸıˡ
ҲǸʮ;СĻ֪ıˡν졣
Բ֮ı˷򣬿ԼӲˡ
һԿˣܹͨܶ߳ȥ־ɲ˭еġ
߿һ۵ǣΪշسǵĻء
Ǹʵڵġ
֪Ҳˡ
뵽ʵˣسø¶֪𣿡
ˣû˵˵ڴѧϲҵġ
ЦˣŶû¶ˡ
ѽУ˵ձȤĵ
СɵûسĹ¡
ڶʮ壬Ҳճ޵ӡ
ΪߵݣһҲдˡ
ʱնˡ
ܶطд·컨Ѿ˻ɴˡ
ʮ־¡һǽŮ
ЦһҸĪţԺԼиŮ϶ҲҪ
Ȼ֪ҪŬ˽úҲһǡģҸ
磬һȺ˹ˡǇNɪı飬ۡ
һͿˣŵòʶĺһں˶࣬סˡ
ջĿʲôѣôѽ϶̫ˣҽô
ⲻͬѰⲻͬѰ˸£ҲˣСգˡ
۵һ
ɺͰЦ֡
̫ˣЦ
߸ĸ֮³¯Сھͳˡ
ҲȥżǱסȥƵ꣬Ȼȥλֵķӡ
ȻߵݣҲʶҲһȥɹټ߳Ծϯ
˾Ƶ꣬񻹿˼Ϥףǵռʵϰ֪ࡣ
Ƿֵ֮ҲϵξͶˡ
ҲǾϲѡΧ죬˵⼸¶﷢չ
ʹµ˵˵
Ȼǵ
Щ֪س֮󣬴ŷֶѡ˼緢չϾ֮ʵǲ뿪ˡ
Ϊһ͵ڶѧڵλҲӡ
ҪͶʺʹ棬˵ͬ־˵ĺƵǶҲĵӰ
ЦǶ羰ûʲôصġУϡ档
ԣȫԡд籾ġһ˵Ҿ;ÿġˮȪˮΪġֱһĵصĹϴ˵дһعϵҵĹ¡
ʱǰһҪдãǿԡǾ籾𣿡
ȿȣдд֮ŬȥͶġʵһеġҪͬ־ҪȻû
Ҳ壬ддţŹ֡
ȻЦ
˵Ҫд籾֪һȥд
ҲЦЦû˵ʲô
⵹Ǹ˸ѡҪиˮȪĴ˵Ҳȷʵܺá
ȥˮⷽĴ˵ſ϶еġ
ũκһɽһƬأĴ˵
Сϴǰһѣ˵ϵķķءȻ֪Ǵ˵ǼٵģΪѹûСɼǺ˲еġ
֮ںǴ죬˼»ٺ̸¶
Լǵڶˡ
˵ѵǣҪдһ¡
㲻˵¶ҸˡЦ֡
˿ȣܲڡ
Ͼռ͵¶֪
;Լʷ˶ŵĸо
ջˣ΢Цһ£۶ð
ŬЦˡ
Ĳ˵¶ϣȷʵǵĹˡҪָ·ܾˡн졣񰡣µӰ̫ˡ
ǿˣЦͱЦ̸¶ġҪżԱæء
ֱˣ̸ʲô¶
ֳģС˵оⷽ棿
üͷˣ˲õԤСͺ͵֪һ
СĵӦһţȷʵⷽģ
̫ˣ̫˲ˡ
սЦ



357 357
ʶľǫ, ûʲô˲ģҾ󡣱Ȳڻصλڴ浱쵼㶼ˡ
ǵǰ¶
һϵ

ڱϵ, , ˵ʲôİ, ʲôԸͺ˵һֱ߶ء
ʹҡͷû, û˵ᶼҶˡ
ŻĶ
ﻹǸԼϱ, ǰ, 㡭ֱ˵ɡ
ϲ, ѹֶ˵Լ˺ð¶, û˵ġҺ˵׼Ͷɽֳˣ֮ǰռССֲһ򶼸ֳǰǰԤͶʵüˡҲû˵ѣȻûô࣬Ժһһļ, ֻ಻١ȿȡ
⻰, ۾򰡣ǵöǮ
, ˵оƷ֣ܲ

ͺáЦ, , Ǵ๺, ϣܹȫҲֳҵһ, һϣܹ˽ֳҵͬ־, ǻ, ҪİǼ֡
ţֵǺܼ򵥣ȻޣܰæҹϵõһЩ
ǼǸ⡣ƷҪмԱֵ֧ġæˣλ϶ǰȥ̵ġ
ܲԼ鷳̡
治ȥ治һ
ѹ̫ 
ռͱ֧Ŀ־ӰΡ
ļ򣬡ǰ첻ɻզأզ˵أ
ҲڴĿ
˿ȣû⣬ҿ԰æáǼṩ𣿡
аȻУˬӦˡ۶еģ³ӣһĲãֵˡҪȫΧĶãͦġ

յǾȥһ¡㲻ƽʱҲȥһˡ¶ԥʲô
㵱Ƕð
ϲʵͬ־û⣿
û⡣
¶ϲɫҿɾͷˣһͬ־ءôԱָҿɾͷˡǻֳҵˡͬ־ģȥ֮ǿ϶õĴԺúȺסá
̫ˡЦŵ۶һˣˡ¶ͿŰʹ÷ء
ͷУҾ͵Լʹˡ

һԵķǴרһʱдġ
ŽôԶĹԺҲء
Ҫȥ棬ҪҪȥٻǴٻĶǰˡ
룬ҪȥǸƷؿСɰÿҪǮڴױء
գ
ԼϱԼӡȥĵطιۡ
˺ܶϲǹȥ
λ˼ˣͦȡ˵ǲŽ𣬻˼ٵģôˡ
˵
ͬЦﲻÿҲ̶Ȱ
վͺã㹤أѡĵط㹤ط
˿ȡǿط˼Ϊ˹!ɵϱӴ
ֳ棬˺ܶƷֵţ
ЩǰҲҹصϿֳ֪ҵʵҲܽġֳֹҪƷҲҪ
ЩھϵĸƷ֮󣬳ľǿ죬ǶࡣǰһͷֻܹһٶͳٶȻٶ
ҲϸĽЩƷֵȱ㡣
۷Ź⡣
űӣݵĿλġû뵽ֳӻôÿ
˵ռʱ⡣
ҲоյĳݵˣԽһĺ׳
˵ĳĳƷɽһܶ೤⡣
һרŲëÿܹë
δЩܹԹңôشӰ졣
ֳҵǲɻȱһҵǹҾ÷չҪһᴩҵũҵ
ȣ˵úã˵̫ˡֳҵȷʵҪҾһҪͶൽֳҵȥͬ־ǻڵֳҵͽˡˣɶʱȥҺøǰðšԺסðźãһҪ㰲Ҳ̫żϾոսûá
ѾոյǷԸˣ㣬û¶ġҪ֧ҵôҪôΰզΪ¶Ӱ칤أΪһʦҵ˼Ҫߣ
ֳĬˣȻһھ͹ȥ
ձĵȥһϺȣ
˿ڹȻЩɿɰЦ
СǮǮɰ

ĿĴɣҪ뿪ǣȥϷˡ
ҲǸĵˡôæˣռ˼»ڵӾ̫ˡ
ͬ־ʾֿıǸ
ߵʱ񻹺Ķգƽʱ¶ˣҪ֮䣬Ҫ໥Σ໥ءǧҪִ̫ˡ
֪˽㣬İɣƽʱԸҵġ˵ˣɶ¶Ұôң͸ҡ
պԥĽԼ˽ó˵ˡ
񣺡ˣȰˡ
뵽
Ȼܹʧȥǡ
ҺԪͬ־ǵġ
뿪֮ͺһǰϷˡ
ıŵϷؽ
ŵߣгӹˡ
Ԫĳӡ
ʱ͸ߴ˵绰ˡ֪ҪߴһӣͰ˳⳵ƽʱзʹá
СϷؽҲĳȥģҲۣҲû˵ɶˡ
Ҳǽˣ׼ˣճ¶Ҳ᲻˼
ϳ֮ûԪϢ
ûУԪǱûд绰һֱæ߶ڴ
ͷҲû˵ʲôˡ
һûҪ˵ǣ϶Ǽٵġǽָء
Ҳ߹ģҲܿͷˡ
סĻ֮ǰסԪǼ䷿䣬׼ı֮ǰһЩ滹һЩճƷԼһЩ·
˿ԪװԼ·ճģҲͨڵġ
ЦЦóһճ·ȥϴ˸裬ϴȥһƣ֮Ÿڴ绰
ӵ绰Ρ
֪绰θ˲ѣ
֮ǰȥһ˺ǣϷСûʲô¶ɡ
ûأæ˲ͬ־ҲûǡҲûܣæĿˡ
أ
Ҳÿĸ֮ǰг̥ˡ
йȥԼﳵ¶Ҳȫ
ξͺܲ˼ûźãͷҾ͸ųӡ
Ҳû⣬ѵ绰һ£Դ绰һ㶼
ˣ캣ǻмԱ㵽ʱӴһ£Ը߹Ӵ˼ҿǴµֳġ
οɸˣİǿбµˡ
ӦðɣӴáϾԶĹˡ
Уҿ϶õġ
ְһЩճŹ˵绰
Ȼƣڴһ
һ߱Ŀһ߽ԼͶʵļƻһ顣
ҪǹΪ˹عҵ԰Ͷġ
Щء


358 358
ι, Ҳǰߴ˵绰ġϤļҵЩҵҲⷽͶʵġ
Ȼƽʱ绹ãᵽǮ¶, ҲǮ
Ҳбġ
ΪĿҲ, ֻҪͶʾˡ
ȻͽԼõǧͶʡҲû˵ʱ޶, ̯ȥͶȻ򵥶ˡ
һҲܳһӳ, ҭš
һճ, ܶﶼ, һ̫ͶҲ׳⡣
, Ϣһ, ͺˡ
֮ǰҲϷŵˣԶ߷ǳϤ
ȥ˿
ǲ׼ͶʹϾ֮ǰѾͶʹʳƷˣ׼ͶѡͦࡣСλͶʺϿأ
ҪͶͶģһϻｨҵ԰һ𵱹ҵ԰̡
Ȼ, Ҳֻһֳԡ
ǲȱͶ, ˹ҵ԰Ҫѿһһ
ֹʡ㽨蹤ҵ԰Ǯ, ÿδͶʵĹ
ΪһԱǻᱻȦӵ˷, ǿͲһ, һȦð¶
ϿĵҲǺܻӭ
ĿճһСʱ档
ڰ칫, ˸ĥ˿ȡ
֪ȲȵùߡϿЦ
Ʒһ, ôúȵĶ, ϰߡº, ȥ˻ǡ
ҵʱ˸װ㡣
ҡͷҲҪǵطǺȲ跽㡣
ϿЦˣǵطҲ˵ˡ
֯ΣҶܼط
⵱ȻúˡʳƷҲͨǣ˹ڵгˡ
Ͽ˵ʱͺܸˡ
ͶʳȥǮܹ÷ĻرЩ˵顣
̲סԹڵͶˡΪһˣڴԼӼǱߵĹܿأҲǺܲġ
رǶӻôҪǱߣԺҪӵļ̲
ҲͶʵģ²񲻻ߡ
Ҳ϶⣬ǰڹܵˣҲѰµķչ·
ǿʲô
ЦͶʵĿܶ࣬ҲϵһЩҵǶԿͶʣҲûзڼƻ档Ͼ֮ǰѾͶ˿ʳƷˡͶҵҲû˼ҪӹԱĸ
Ͽԣ΢΢Цô˵㻹Ǻǿǡ
ǵȻģȻҲˣҲǸɲΪֲһҵһͶʺʺϿͶ롣
ϿҲܸȤ˵˵
һȺͿ̸̸ǻĹ滮껹øȤ̸û˵͸ˡ
ϿЦЦҾ˵
Լĸ֮ľһ廯ģʽ˵һ֮侭ûӰ죬ϡ
ˮɽеľͨصĹҵ԰ټӹ
صĹҵ԰ҲΪṩҵƷֵõصԴ
Ͽ֮ƻܺãͶʲס
Ϊȫѡĵط̫ˡ
ΪҪͶʣ˵Ҳÿô࣬Ǳ߾ǿڸͶʡǺĳбͲһЩ
ҲԼơҪĶСͶʣСģĹͿˡͶʣͶˣӣͶʶˣһҲûǸĺǾͲһˣͶʵ٣˵ҲǺҪġ
˵Цһ£һ仰**ͷβҲûô
ɴó˺Ƶĵͼ
ͼ˻ƵģıעһЩ
Ͽָһ¡
ǻƳʡǡĿǰѾһ޵ֱͨƳ·ʡ·Ѿڹ滮ˣϾҪ޽·һ޽ˣȥʡҲֻҪһСʱѡ
˵ָ֮··ͨˣǵĵƤȴʡǱ˰˷֮һһҵÿһʸ߶֧ܹʡɱֲΪ
ͷɱȷʵơ
߷棬Ҳơ
ЦҲ֪ģκҵ칫ⲻҪһЩ̡ǻڣǻרŵɫͨһ·̵ơ
ⷽϿҲͬϷ쳧ҲҪ෽Э
ԪΪܵӣһ·̵ƣչȻȱҵ졣
ҺƵĵҲǺܲġвȫгû⡣쳧ԴпΪʱ˺ͶУҲΪûơ
ϿĬŶ̲סĶˡ
Цʵأ
ϿЦŵȷʵҵͶʵļʻǺܴġϾСͶʣͺܲˡ
ֻҪͶʣǾڹؽһʡҵãҵô
Ͷʣܿɹۡ
΢Ц֪ûȤҵ԰ϰ塣
Ͽüͷһ˵ǮͶʹҵԭͶ
ͷûԺǵʣȻȡԿԼǵ֧֣ǿǿϣһĹҵ
Ͽ˿ѩѣȻЦҡͷһʱǱûȥҵĹҵ԰ǰװͶˣ
ͿҲò¼ͶǶûģǶԿûģ
⻰Ͽû
ûвҲǲο
ֻǶԷյһԤѡ
Цָָͼ֪ȥʡ·ԤҪͶʶ·ʽ޸٣ʽٲ˵ġǻԸôһǮ·Ҳùҵ԰õġͶʣԼҲͶʽ
ϿϸĿָ·Ͷô󣿡
ȻȫץãǻҲǻڵĶλһ÷չصȻһ򣬿Ҫ˼꣬ͻΪһҵǵĹ滮
ϿĦ̡
һˡ
ͶһҵͶʱضǲٵġϾֻ裬ǾͲǽһô 
ҲǺܿɹ۵ġ
ֳ׬Ǯġһڵ롣һͶ룬Գڵõر
϶صĿǡ
ΪǶ˼ġ
ӡʮֺáõԼϱˡ
ֻɲࡣԼ뽨ҵҪõƤͶʾͲҪˣȻռıһ㣬һ⡣ǻչҪҲġ
ҪǣδҵҵͿĹϵе
ϿĶˡ


359 359
Ҫľ, ǹϵ
ֶһˣ׬Ǯ¶
ȻҲԼĻ飬ϵȴǺܽܡ
˹ҵ, ϵ϶ͽˡ
ϾһĹһطչ֮, ׵İǨ
ڵǸҵ, ΪķλͶʽҲᳬԤڡ
ôһ룬ϿʮָȤˡ
ʽ⡣
Ц, Ǻû, Ϊʲôѡ, ѡԪ
Ц, ԪѾںʡͶʺܶ, ںƵͶѾˣҲÿڡ
Ҳû˵ԪͶͨѶ¶Ͼ¶Ҳ֪ǲҵܡ˵
ȷʵˣ˵ǻ˺ܶƤ˵Щ̾ͶʻǺбҪġ
ϿͶˡ
Ҳûڹڶð̶ʲԼǸĶӲڱ˳Ե
ôи·
ǿ̸
ЦҶʱ䡣
̶̵ʱ, Ͽͱ˵, ҪͶʻڹҵĽ衣
Ϊ̸ϿҲһаŶƵˡڰ칫̸һ, ٿһʽĻ顣
ʾʡԻ޵£žͻǩЭ顣
ִͶ, ̸̸ܹܲѡ
ȥ졣
Ȼ, Ҫ϶ܹǿȥš
ͺϿˡ˵һͶ, һǰڿ졣
ϿѾ˳Ͷ, ൱ǸԼǹҵͶʿͻ, ¶϶Ҫġ
ʱþͳˡ
, һܹ뵽ˣϾȻɲһҲֻǹһѡ
Ǻ죬Щ顣ϵûǷȥ˼ҲпҽڲҲпֻһ˹
ͲһˣһȦġƽʱ㲻֮ҲӴԿҲ̻ᣬЩȻҪӡֹˣһǺϿһ˹
Щ񶼲Ҫģǿרŵ˸ֻҪ׼õҪϾˡ
׼һٰ̻ʽʼˡ
˻ͦࡣ
󲿷ʶ
Ȼٲ󣬵Ϊ֮ǰļκԴҶͿġ
˵̻ᣬʵҲǸ軰ᡣ
ҪԹعҵģʽеġ
ϣҲԼϿ˵Щϸ˵һ顣
ұ֮ǰҪϸ¡
绨ڵ˿ڻͶɱԴƣĽͨ·ߵȸ涼˵һ顣
ܽᣬضǸõطӭͬ־Ͷʡ
Ҳ֧֣ڱʾͶʻڡ
ϿЦŵȫȻڸĵطкܶ࣬ó̸ģֻݳ⣬ҾðҵĹϽܰġ
ҵҲǸ˼
Ͽ⻰ʮͬ
⣬ʵҲǺܿصص硣
ҪǵزΪڵصҵչҲһЩ⡣֮ǰϷͶʵʱ򣬾صͷߵҡȫġǵ˴ϽŰúõġ
κιҶһõỷڷչ
⣬ǶЩԴҲܸȤ
統صɽֳˮֳԼصľҵչǱ
ëԴƤԴȻЩԴҲԴӹڣܹӻڲŪʵԴǿ϶ҲԶԻĿǰ״ĳɱ۸ĲƷܹڻгռƵλ
һһΪǽˡ
νȫֳԲһջʵʵڵӶֳṩƷƤƷë֯ƷԭϾǹġһҵλǹӦġֹϵҲǿеġλҪƹֳȫ⡣
ˮƷ͸˵ˣصˮԴݶء
ĵط֪ûͬˮԴˮˮԴʵʵģѾֵġ
ôһ򡣾ôһƬСڲͶʣδȥûλˡ
ȥˣڻԻ᲻Ľд
ˮҵȫǺܿɹ۵ġ
Ͽ۷׷׵ģЦλǻػôãҲһ仰ĳ⣬ĺǿЩ¾ĵҵķչӦˡ
ЦͶǴ¶ҪϾĿȥ졣Һʹ˵ʵԡ·ǲޣȫǲѾڽЩˡ˳ȥǵصỷΰ
һ˵Щòľͺͬˡ
ԣȿ쿼졣ȻͶʵǮ࣬ǺҲҪʱ侫ȥάǲܲʡ
ҲãҲûȥв
ǩԼҲҪȥȿ
ϿЦУҲ׼ȥ
⣬ֻҪ˹ȥˣǾ͸̸ˣȥʮС
ҾȴǻӭҵĵˡδҾ͵ǳεģƷ羰ܽΣλ͵ͺƷ羰ˡ
֮ǰ뿪ˣһ˵ĻᡣϾԼʵĻǸء
ȻһߣǶΧϿ̸ˡ
׼Ͷʶ١ô¶Ͷˡ
ϿЦ֮ǰĺ׬ˡǣҲܿвķչǰûϷĳɱڶʼˣһҪѰµķչĵطôǲӦһط
˵ҵǵͶʣرԪǰˡʲôҪһ֡Ҳס֡
˵ԪҶЩĽ
ԪڹʱѾǴҵͷˣȻĽҲ˼ҼҴҵû취¶
˻ԪҲáǰ׬Ǯ׬ǮĶͶڶʼرˡر֮ǰǸ˵ѵѧУԼͶʣӮ˾֧֣ҲԪϷͶʻû˸ҵҡ
ԪȷʵǰMǱߵ죬˵ԪǱ߻ʺһʯΪ̫ңԳԭֵõġ˰ٶԪ
¶λϰü
ҲǮǮҲõóǲ¶
ϿЦ϶ִ¡
ǰ׬ˡ໨˼ʯһʵڻͶʡλѾרŴ绰ңԪǲڻͶʻˡжԻͶʺܸȤ

ϿҲƣԼǸٿ˼ԪҵλԶˡ
̾ͷ㰡λǻҪͶʡǮ˶ҲͲֵǮˡʿһֱڱء
ò˵Ԫ¶Ҵһ̼
˼Ͷʣ˰ٶԪӳȥˣͶһ㶫ԥԥġ
ԼͻԪҪ
ӿʱѾص˾Ƶˡ
СҲظ˹ھƵš
˵̸⣬ģֻˣûüæ˾Ϲġһ׼ԪҲҪϻˡ
ˣЦӭӡ
Ůʿá
ôʲô
ϰˡСЦݵѾ֪ˣϰûˡŮʿ߶ϰûʲôҪĵط
Ц治ҪôһжáõҶ˼ˡ˿ʱ䣬ôˣ㻹ûԷɣҪԸ
Ҳˣġ
Сܸˣϻܵ壬ɣѵһΡ
ɶЦҡͷ;ͣ´Ԫƣǳԡ
СЦŵͷ
ԪķԵġ
СߵĹ̸ûУûҪĵط
̸ĲˣǹͶʵġܹҪǻغȥˡ
Сµ¶ôԪԪҲͶʵġ
ϰԶˣԼԴαȥ˵ɫ
ҡҡͷֲֻһηչֻܲԪЩͶҲʺԪǲѾںƤòͶʡԪҲͨѶˣǿǸ޵׶ʱҲ׼ԪӸδ׬Ǯģɶڻرǲܵġ
ˣͶҲǿԿǵġԪĸ߲㶼úĺ졣С
֪˼С¿ԼԪϵԪ֧񲢲ôΪԼԪϣ˻ͬʱҲ·ԽԽխ
ҵһ۵Ĺ̡
ȻͶʱȽ࣬Ҳǻ۵Ĺ̡
θ㹤ҵϿˡȻͨҵ빤ҵδͺЩפҵҵϵСֹϵ֮ǰǳĹϵɲһϵ
δȥִһǺаġ
ҪϷйϵ롣δֻҪһ绰Щ˾Լˡ
ЩҲС˵̫ϸ£ֻ΢΢ЦЦԺлġԪڲҲڹǮطҲܶɡ
СЦһ׼˵أԪҲҪعˡ
ϲˣ
ǵģֻ˵Ҫ˰ˣǱ߻˰š
ϢüˡϾҪعˣ˶ÿԼ档
Ҳ˵ĻվҲҪˡ
ͨѶҲҪչˡ
С¿ϲɫӣŻͷһҪϰ˵һ¡Ůʿ֪ҪϢ֮󣬸˻ˡ
ҪҪߵȵȡ
ҡͷҵøſһ𡣵æ˵ȻҲͦԪͬ־ģڹҪϾɲΪԼġ²Ԫ֮Ҫ̸վĹҲжʱԼᡣ
æˣ¶
Ҵ绰ţ˵˵Ҳá
СæӦˡ
ͦ벻ͨġŮѺ޲棬һʮСʱճ
ôŮʿȫһ
ԼŮ̫ճ˵ģŮʿͻȻҪϧԼճ˵ŮѡԼŮæԼӡ


360 360
ʱ, žͶˡ
һʮһҵȤеȷʵͶʵеȥвķչҲеʱҵȡл
¹ɶԭ, Ըȥڿġ
õȷϢ֮, ͸ڴ绰֪ͨϢ
ǸǴ˵绰Ȼ¶ִ¶Ҫ֪ͨġʱӴҲҪǽӴһ¡һ»ڵĳ⡣
һ, Ծ, ô˶𣿡
Цǰ, ǶڻڵͶʺܸȤ֪ΪǵĹҵչԸǮ·͸Ըˡǣ鷳ŽӴһˡǵһпŹ, ҾӦó
ǵȻģֻҪͶʣǵȻҪúд, ȻЩɵǶ𣿶ڣ
ԣġ
, Ĵɡ鸴ӡҲûͨЩΪʲôԸϷûʲôСط
˵绰ִ֮绰Լ
ǴʮֵľǧҪʱӡ
Ŀڱ֤һ׼ýӴˡס޳Էз涼ᰲźá
Ǿϲѡ
֮ǰ˵ҪͶ, ǻЩġ˵˾е㲻šž˿϶Ҳһһѡ
û뵽һӾʮˡ
ǻϷġǴҵϰ塣
˵绰֮һæµˡ
رǹΰ, øһҪάΰ⡣֤һͶʻԲܰͬ־ˡ
˭Ҫǳ, ǻڵˡ
ڶΪεĿ׼ʱ, Ҳſųˡ
һ·пĹԱչ, Լǲòʲôˡ
Ͽϳ
Ͼ֮ǰҲǸԪһġ
ͰԼ֮ǰϮԪ˰ŵ߱¶˵ˡ
Ͽ¶죬û뵽ȻԪ齻ˡ
֮ǰ֪סԪķꡣ
Ҳû룬ϾԪȷʵܶΡнҲֻû뵽һϵ
ֻȻĹϵΪʲôֱԪͶʡ
ԪĲܲǮò
ûʳʣͰԼԪ鴦¶ˡ
Ȼ̹Ȼ֪Ϊʲô˺˰ɣϾҪӡұҲڱˡ׼ˣ¶Ҫ֪ڣ˵ˡ
ϿͣǷĻˡԸȷʵЩǿ
Цŵ֮ǰû˵
Ц˽Ҳ˼˵Ҳ֪ȦϵҪǴ֪ҺĹϵĨİңҾ͸˼ˡԹ˽ҡҲϣԺҲҪĨ棬ôô
ϿЦЦô˵ˣҵȻû⡣ѹֵ˵ϱûͬ⡣ҼǳСȷʵԶˡ
޴⣬ֻûԵ֡ҺԪҲǽӴˣŽԵġҺܲæڹһҲһ档
ҵǺ¡ˣϿ벻Ԫ˻Ůˡ
֮ԿǿԼ򵥡õһ̫ϱȨ֮Ӵһߡ
Ԫҿûǡ
ҲûܣϾֻǽ׶ΣԺ˭Ҳ˵׼
ЩڹˣûнҪ뷨
ԪʯǸԡ
ֻǲ֪ǲǸǰλġҲû졣
ҲⲻҪӽˡϾһԪҲȷʵڹн飬ڹҲҵ֮ҲǴھϵġ
ǲ֪Ͽô롣Ҳ֪ԪĹϵ֮׿϶еġôԺ˿ܻῴԪϣٸ㱡档ǻҲܴ󣬾ԺЩҵܷ
ֻҵ֮ĺϵֹϵҲǺܴġڼһԪں֮ǰ϶кܶ˼ɡ
ȻһʼͽνϵȻҲġ
Ǻôǻ˽ܵ׼
ϿȻԼ뷨ҲûеԪĹϵ
ϾҲϣܹϣͶʹҵܳɹ
ĿǰҲֻѣδһܳɣҲõϵ
ʱ˷á
һ˵˺ƵʱͰ˳ӹˡ
û䱸ִ͹񳵣λǮȥҵλġ
ԸӭӡеĻмŮ¸ŽӴ
ϻŻӭŵĺ
ɰѳˡ
ЦϳεͷİŹʾ͡
һ·ϣ񶼺ʹ̸ЦźƵķ⡣ιԶ
Ȼûɽ󴨣Ƿ羰ҲɫܶࡣĴҲСʱȥκҲһЩʤżҲԳô˻ȥ
ôһܣǶںƵӡԽԽˡ
ҺΪвȻչûϷãҲҵǸȥϷʱǱߵķչȲϺء˱Ƚ֮Ҳûúƻ
ֻﻰ˵źƵĺãӽͨΣ˿ڻ
˵ȫ¾ǺгҲǺܹġ
߿Բ
Ҳǵʱкط
ΪطҲбȻڸõĵ񻨸칤ҵȴûС
ּԹҵѾѵõˡ
ڱţѡ
ţ
ȥȥ·ϣ·ǺܺߣϾͨʡǵ·ûͨЩ·ǺõģЩ·ξͱȽϵˡ
͸ǣһ·Ѿڹ滮ˣΪ˷ҵչ·Ҫޡ֮ͨʡǵ·ʹͨˡ
ҵҵģȷҪǲޣɲóȥ
˵ȥ·ߣʱЧͲˡ
һޣޣԲôҵĻȥǻڵļƻУ·֮ء
ȥ·ϣڳϣȷʵкܶ·⻰˵ˡ
뻨ڿȷʵҲӻӡ
Щ˸ͶʣӵҲǻ衣
һ·˻ڵصʱ򣬽Ҳ֪ͨӭˡ
Ȼ˵һǵ쵼һֻˡ
ǱصĹ٣˼ĲءҪصǮ㽨衣ⲻ͵ó
˵̣ﻹͦ𾪵ġ
ͻطȻôˡһͦɡİزˡ
Ц¶ˡ
Ŀ˺ü£ĬĬ㣬¼ҵδ˰Ӷ١
ɶǲ밡
Ҳѵ¶ĵЦݣЦ߹ȥʹһһֿ֡ıʾӭ
һ֮󣬴ͰЩϢˡϾԶ̸ܲ¶
ס޵ĵط֮ǰ޵Ľʦģд䶼еġ
µĴʲôģԽ͡
һ·ϣĻҲЩһЩġ
ﲻ֪Ļ
׻ǲģϰվòҲܺá
·Ҳ޵ĺáǻĿǰȽϲ·
֮ҲͻԼ칫Һһˮ쵼Ͷˡ
Ǹʲô״
ǿҵĸˣǮˣҸضܽ֡
⻰ż쵼档
ˣܲסͿҵıˡ˭˭


361 361
ŴҶ, Ҳ˵ιҵ԰Ͷʵİš
֮ǰǾû
ΰѿ㹤ҵ԰¶Ҳڲȷ
֮󣬼˲ѡ
Ȼҵ԰ȷʵҲһʿɹ۵롣ǰ칤ҵ԰ҪĻǿйҵ԰еЩҵ
Щҵṩҵλ, ṩ˰, ṩҵƷ
Կ빤ҵ԰裬ȷʵǴ¡
һͿԽԼһʽʽ
Ͷ¶ܲʮȫʮ, Ҫһ
ûʲô, ȻҲʲôôռˡ
߸, ļʴ󲻴󰡣
ЦҪˣǿ𣿡
Ц, ǺúýӴдǲ˼ߡ
, ҪˣڷչؾǰĶá
Ҳ, ˲ôء
һҲ಻ס, ˼䣬ȻЩܲס
, ͨǵ̸п, Ǻ·顣ʱһֱ⡣
ǣ
ܲ, Ϳ·ʲôʱˡ
ý˵ˡ
˼, ҪûǾΪû·Եʣ
ֱ񼸾仰ըûˡ
ϰ춼ûôشӲһ䣬·ҲˣԼɡ
ȻĻذ칫ȥˡ
ͬ־е㲻ص

ͷҪûס϶Ҫֹ·¶ˡ
ڰ칫̲סһ£ҪľЧҪȻǵʱڻ̸ʱ򿪿˵·ô˼ҽ
¶ǲ¡ǲǰǮ׬Ǯ˼Ҿ͸ˡͷǮʱ䲻ˣ
æЩβл㱨˵λֳרѾˣȥ˺ɽˡڻڣ˼һͬ⣬ǵȥɽš
ԼҪȥģ
ǰ˵þҪĹںɽţڡ
룬ܲΪ˶ɣô
ǰ˸ŻˡЦҡͷУȥæȥùܡ
εģдܡ
û¶÷򡣡
Σ
ΪοǷչ֮أԸŶʮϡ
ֹסްŵĲԷҲֱܽӸ˳Եȫ硣
ڱĲ࣬ˮࡣÿŻԶС
ЩҵϢһ磬ϳȫ磬鶼
ڶȥ·ϣҲܺá
޻ڵȫɫ
רŽӴġЦ
ЩҵҾͿ˵̫ˡ
ҲûʲôԺǻᷢĲʽΪԺҵǰ׼
ЩҵǾͺҵ¶
Ц˵ԺҪѻеĵط
δǮ˶ˣһ飬ֲĿģͿ顣
ķչƻ
ȻҲû˵ƻҪЩʵ֡Ͼؾ÷չ֮ʩˣܸƻҪȻ治
ǿԻġ
Щֻ֪һδǰǿ͹۵ġǰͶʣɲ
ҵȻļƻŰɣȷʵҲһ㻨ڵķ
֪ȷʵôһ·ߡ
Ϊνҵڹأǵһվȥǹء
һصĵؽͿԿЩˡ
ȻǻûпʼͶʣǹѾʼ蹤ҵˡ
ɰʯ䣬ཨ裬ҸɵȻġ
³֮󣬹ص쵼Ӿ͹ӭˡĺ֣Ц۾гһˡ
֪οŶΪǹġ
ԺⶼǹصĲ˰󻧡
Ҳڲù⿿ũҵ˰ˡЩҵļ룬δؾͻԽԣˡ
ҲûŽܣúܹصķչƻ
׼ˣס飬һߣһ߽ܹء
·ˣ֮໥ϵǹʡǽδ򶼻ͨǰʡǡԤʾǽͨʷḻ
ָڽĹҵǣߵطǳδҵҲûġܸ߱ߵķչǱ
ǵϰնܻӭͶʰأҶϡ
ɲ͵͵֣ȻˣؿɲֱǮÿֺ죡Сˣ
ֹϣҲǡҵũ춼߸㽨衣ϣҵսɡ
ÿйǮȻĺܡ
ΪܹùҵĹˣԾʼѧϰ֪ʶɨäͺȥμӽ
ûĻйԾС
紾ӣԲΰ⡣
շϵѲߣ˭
֮ܶǾŬΪλṩõͶʻ
һϵ
˾ЩҵĶˡ
Ͷʻӵ쵼ӣеؽͨԴ
ⶼǱȽʺͶʵѡˡ
Ҳûֱӱ̬
Ҳȣֳ֮ȥˮ
ԴȥˮȪˮķˣ˲衣еصˮơ
ˮ쵼Ҳ
˵ƳѾڽˣʽûʲô⡣Ϊϰնֽ֧Ƴ
дӶʼ첣ˣ׼װõİװƿ
һƳȻֹ֧ŲˣĲҵ
˵ô࣬Ϊ˸ߴңĻǺܺġǲ߱ҲԼ㽨衣
ˮԲƧ
ˮȪˮƵȷʵλҵҸȤˡ
ǶԾˮҵҲܸȤʶˮȪص֮󣬾׼ͶһǮ
ˮڿǮڻ׾ҵǰǲġ
ȥ˺ɽ
ɽ͸ˡ
Ϊ֮󣬾͸ɽŪһˡ
⼸϶ֹĳ
һЩǴӺƵصһЩֳŪ֡ϾǱܹṩĲࡣֳΧȫġ
ţĽУˡ
СҲڳ﷢
ȻûʼģֳѾǸˡ
ɽ˷ܵĹӴǡ
ߵĹǺܺû㱨ġ
͸ߴңɽһֳƷ֣ʱ䡣ʱ֮ġ
ɽֳмȤҶԸֳҵֻҪҪɽ϶ܹṩ㹻ţѼ֮
ֹ㱨ˣЩȥصֳؿ
ΪԴΪλĽ裬ֳضȫֳһĽ裬¾ô̶̵ļʱ䣬ɽֳضѾʰˡ
뿴ģһҪֳӵġ
ɸЩͶ˸ˡ
һܷܲչһǵƣһһľò
һ·ѾϰյľòˣǺܻϵġ
δЩ˳ΪԼλĹˣҲǺܲġ
ƵĵλòرԽҲӱķ濼ǣŵҲǺܶġ
ڵҲǿǶԵҵӡ
Щһ𣬺ܶԭ׼ͶʽˣѾˡ
һֻ׼˽ģҲֻ׼ξġ


362 362
Ŀ, ǡпȰ˵ʮһҵ棬߼ԸͶʡ
ÿͶʵĵһΪһҡ
ҪƤﳧ, ƤƷ, Ʒ֮ļӹ
㿵Ͷʣһҵܽﵽ˰˰
ˮľƳҲһĳͶʡҲͶʹҵ衣ֹΪͶʹҵҲΪͶˡ
µĵιۿ֮, ҲδչǱ
, ܹΪһܹȫѿĴȨ, ɼô
δ϶ߵԶڹûλĿ˵, ǰͶҲǺֵõġ
ҲǸǸĶӶһ·
һһǧͶ, ɰѻڵ쵼Ӷֻˡֵ۵ġϲЦտ, ȹ껹Ҫˡ
Ͷʹģڻ˵Ѿܴˡ⼸ҹ, ԸڴܶĹλ, ӺܶľòҵҲܸڴ޴˰ա
Ҳϲˬģ˽ﻹпе徢Ǻ¡
˸ʵ, ʽ˸̨ӣǩԼʽ
ĶģֵĲˡ
ǩԼ죬Щҵֵ龰ҲĳƬ
ǩЭ, ٿһ칦磬Щҵǰףɹ
ϯϳԵȫ, ȫ⡣
Ϊڲû, ԼǮܱ, ʵϲûлǮ
οҳԵĸ, ͵֡
ûʲôѼţģȫ硣Ժ˭ȫдʡǮ˳ڵˮ
æ˼죬ڰѿ˳Ϳޱȵĸˡ
Щ˻ȥ֮󣬾ͻ˴Ǯʹ㽨ˡ
ʡ˵۾ЦֵĲˣ׼ȥ˵һÿʼ·ˡ
·ҲܹޣұҲǮ
Ͼ·޺֮󣬴Ҷǿġ
ôҵפδڵĵͻϵˣкôġ
ôһĥ˺üܹǮ·ˡ
һʵڻȥ𣿡
ţȥһƳУ쵼ǻ㱨һ¹Ȼ󿴿ôǻҵһҪƺƴ˶֪ǹصķչǰԺ
˳ӡ
һҲûʹ˾ֱǰƳУȻȥг
гҲ˵˻ڵ¶ֻϸĲ֪
ˣڻڵǸҵ¶
Ц׼㱨ءҶˡ
ǩԼһЩЭ飬лܱ棬ԼĵһЩƬˡ
гһôҵפȡ
ҪǰɱƳ˽ҵء
ǸͶôࣿ
⻹أϷͶʶǧΪλġ
֣гһ⡣
ЩʱҿǮ
Ҳˣ⻹ǰͶʣӦûӰɡ
ֻҪǰڵ״⣬ڿ϶Ҫ׷ӵġϾͶ¶ҲϲǱ䶯ܹطչҲԸ׬Ǯ
г˼ˣҲúܼŽûð͸ôĶˡ̫ˣ
Цͬ־ܻƻǰѾˣʽ֮󣬴ֿ˸ȷˣͿʼ˾ְʼˡ
治гȻ쵼ҲܹһôͶʣ˴ˡ
гͶˣǻҪ취סͶʣͶʡҪȻǹˣǴҶæˡҶ칦͡
гһ࣬Ȼˣǵͬ־϶Ҫ취õġͷڵͬ־ᣬӹҵ㿴ҪЩṩ
гǰѻڵ֮ˡ
ƳǸճΪУھ˳ɼҲгй⡣

ЦŵҲ˵һҵפϢд׻˵ֵͩ÷Щפҵ൱ͩˣϢųȥ֮ӦûҵġǲڻڣҲῼƳǡҵȦҲǺܳġ
⻰гЦǱġʲôԭҪҲƳǵһ͵棬źʡڶԸġģǸɳɼˣҲҴš
쵼ԸΪ롣ֻҪˣԺԸҵ϶ġ
гͷڶ
һȣ˿ڲˮΪ˱֤ҵܳõģ˳ķչȥǻһ±׼һͨʡǵ·
г
һɻ󣬡ͨʡǸʲô
ƳеĹҵӦƳǷչ
гƳǱϾΧֻƳǣδҵķչޡû취ЩҵͶʸǮˡͨʡǵ·ͲһˣͨʡǣԷʡʡǱĽͨԷȫгʹˡ
гԣüͷͷ
һгˣҵǾͱͶʡǻЩ֮Ҳ󣬾ͻµĹӦ̡ЩӦ̻仧أֻƳǡԣõĿǣ·ޡֹҪޣһҪ޺õġ
гúеƳλʵͦεģƳм䡣һȥﶼҪҪչ򷽱㡣
绨ڵĹطڿͦáƳǵıԵڸ˸ҵٰ·һޣˡ
гҲ·ǵޣҪ֤ҵչܹãδܹӰƳǡеǮ
ƳȻеǮɿ϶ġҲΪ˻ڣطͣˡʱطҲҪˡ
·ǻԸóȫʽ·㱨ҲҪǮֻϣܹڲϹӦṩ
гһֹĵʵǮ𣿡
ޣһ޺áҲ׼ȥ;һЩ̸̸֧ܲԮЩϾԺ·ͨˣҲкô⻹ȥʡһ¡ǻйҵδ϶ʡкܶ๤ҵֻʡϵģûȨޡ
гֻ²סڶ㽨裬ȫصλҪǮ
۾õ㣬ʡ￴ڵҪһˣ͸ǶǮˡ
гͷҲ׼úõİѻá˲ҪǮٲæǿ϶˵ȥԼ쵼Ҳܰ׵ˡڷչƳҲǺҪġ
аɣ뵽ʱǰ졣ǵǰѹҵҲƳеģŬˣƳǲ˦ӲܵġҪʱ˳š
лл쵼˵⻰ǻڱضЭ㷢չ
гЦ
Ȼ棬Ͱĸ˽йˣȥЩϣȻȫ֮ٸʡҲ׼һݣҪȥʡ
İ¶ǲˡ
ϼ֯ӵĺôˡ
Ȩ޲ȥ죬ܳ档
뿪ƳǣһɵĻػˡ
׼ȥͿᣬȻʼ·ȻǮ·Ҳ˵һҪġ޺üء޵һҪһˡ
ʱȫ
ǰڹ滮Ȼһʩһ·һ·ޡ
ܱһֱʲôǿ
·Ķû׼Ͷء
ôţػʱ򣬶һˡ
ӭ˳Цĺ칫пڵء
ˣǸʲôģ߱ʡ
ġЦ
ü˭¥ȥ
׼ţסˡ
칫ҿ¥ݣһ¥վ͵ˡ
ǿŵģſֽ̧ͷһۡȻЦվ
ˣ˵ĳȥҲǰ칫ˣܹȥͰ˸סˡ

ԪҲЦű˿
þúþûˡ


363 363
¥ݴŲ, ʶǰ칫ңϽɿϻЩ
ԪҲͷЦ, Щ˼
ȻڸԹ϶, ڸ棬⾳ͻˡ
£ԼæŸݲ衣
Ԫæ˵Ҫ
Ȳź졣
ڰ칫, ˿ʲô
ԪЦŵͷ, 鷳ˡ
бۿһ, Ȼݲ衣
ԶǰĲ輸Ϸ, Ȼһ档
Ԫ㹤æˣ
û, ̫Ůˡ
һ, ס, ɴЦ, ĵͦɣҸæ¶
ɣרŴ˲ŹġԪ, ǿҵḷ́΢ʾʲôʳˡúʱˡ
⻰ﷴЩζˣԼЩίԼˡ
, ׼æˣȥġҲ֪ʲôʱ
ԪЦ, ҲҪ, ʲôʱ򶼿Թ, ɡ˵ȫ粻, ֪ûڷ
ųʲô֪ˣЦˣԪԶôûеĳأ
Ҫһԡ
áȫţ𣿡ȫˬĴӦˡ
˿ֱ°֮ȥҪίȵˡ
ԪЦҡͷȥæɡͺáǼ̫ѵģʮֺ㡣ڰ칫ĵط;ͦġ
һ¡˾Ǳ˶ãҲӱ˺õġ
̫ģ;ԼŮĲáԼŵĽָҪҸᣬѻˡ
⣬ȥҽǺˡ
һԼ쵼ûͶ˵仰ܳˣʱա
һ궼û棬ϽȺһ¡ٺƢĶҲҪ
ͦĵģʧôõһ󣬸ϽԪ˵ˮд
Ȼ˵æΪ˶ôĹף˶ĳɼ
ر˲𡣡ε
ԪʵƽʱԷаʱϢô
ΣԣÿͰ칫ųԵġæϼӰࡣʱڰ칫ſ˯
ǶˡæԼչ˲á
οɸжˣ˼ң˶ٳɼֻ
ҪΪάӣ̲ס߻ˡ
Լ˵˵Ļˡ
ȫߣԪ޲ͽˡ
֮ͿԸ˳չˡԶƽʱҲ԰űķչˡ
ԼڴŵĽָӡ˺ü¡
һļƻ˷䡣
˵·¶Ѿûôˡ
˵ʡҪǮԼ;ĵҪǮ֮ˡ
ǮҪȻ·ҪǷģ޺֮ǾͲ𣿶ٶó㡣ǮȥҪҺϵͳҲе·ӡ
ӣͦȵġ
һ룬ǸǮӣֻġҪǮ¶ɲͻ
ҸϽֲʺƨҪǮ˵
Ҳһ֣أ¶ˣǾۻڵĴ󹦳ǻڵʷ
ͣ÷չƶߣ
ǲǹǮģ·ӶǶࡣ
쵼ǲһ
ЦЦҲԿҲ̫ϣ
۶Ƿǳĵġ쵼о˭ͷ
˵ŻʱﰵЦ
ҲǼǮۿͷǻ˭ȥʾ
ǵǺãڰ֣һӣȴЦ⡣
ڶ֮ǰҲûôˣ˭һǧͶء
ֻҪ׬ǮǾǺøɲ
ӲҲģ⡣
ܿͰźˣ·̽ͨ⸱
λЭϡ
ȥҪǮｨͳ滮
¶źˣҲ˿ӶǿȵĹҲۡڴѶҲаţİæҲɺܶࡣ
æ֮˿ֱѵõĲӰˣôɢᣬԼҲ骷ż١
ȿȣԼȥææշҪһæŽӴҲˡ
֪ҪȥԼᣬЦЦ֪ҾȻȥˣˡ
ʲôŲŵġûǻ¶Цһ£Ȼתˡ
ѵ¶Ůӵ骻ͦ㱡ȻҲ뵽Լʱ
ȻʮѾԼѾܲɣˡ
ƺԶ
ʱ򴦹Ķ󡣡һҪҸ
˰칫ң˵ԪȥԷˡ
ڻ򷹵Եġ
ⷹ˽ӪĵģǺͻǩ˺ͬƽʱҲǸдÿ½ˡ
һϰĹдˡ
ǲϹء
ЦԼ˽ͣˣֽᡣͺ㣬ˮ㣬㶼һݡҪʦġ
϶ҰԲұˡϰЦȥ¥ϰ䡣
ڰˣԪ鿴Աߣ仯ܴ󡣡
ǿɲｨͦġϵľ񿴵̻ԼϷ˽ʺķӡرãúó
Ԫ鿴˵ı仯ЦݵӣҲ
ı仯ġ
˺ܿŲζԪҲĺóûƱֻõˡ
֮ǰǲǰ˶ơ
ǣǵ֮ǰ˵ͶʾׯһҾׯԼơģ㳢ζ
ۣȻһڡ
ζҲǺܲġ
ôȥׯˣ
һҾׯȽϷ¡˺ܽЩÿ궼Ʒƻᡣ
Ԫָ˵ơ˾ׯƽʱ̸͸̸ˡԪڻҲлǼ
ˣ¶𣿡
ţˣλ׼̸վ顣һվãͿʹߵ绰ˡ
ﾪϲֿüƣ̲סģĺɡҪѹļ֮жٲۣҲ뵽ġ
ԪҡͷǮʱ磬ûǮ첻顣
ˣЩǮҲ֪ЩǮǻ׬ġͨѶǱǾ޴ġرҲǾ޴ġ
ǮֵãԺ׬ġȰһʱԵû¶
ԪЦŵͷ
ţԺ࣬رĿҪԪԪѪ
ʵǲǻæ
ԪһҪţһӺæһˡҪȻҪȺþá
ܷż٣ʵ
ԪЦ᲻ߣ
࣬㣬м죿
Ԫ鱾Ҫߵģƺͦ᲻ģԼּһļڣ졣
ĬĬһ㣬찡òǲʱġ֤ҲҪϣ϶û
аɣȶ顣ҪһȻæˣȥǱ߰
ôǵģԪѵʱԪ϶ҲæҲࡣνɼҵɼˣôҲܰĹ;Ҫˣαһֱء
극ȥˡ
ϰǮ˵ѵһΡ
ҷҷˣͲܵˣڻˡ
ϰˣϽǸǮɡ
ֹţҲ̫ϸˣôɲԸǮˡ
ЦҪǲϸ˭ѳԣãô
ϰٺٵЦŵͷ˵öԡⶼΪϰպð
뿪꣬ԪȥɢԼڴĽָ΢΢Щȡ
ĺãҪͦ˼ġ


364 364
ڵķ羰Щ羰ʤĵط, ȻûʲôرġΪ·ƶ١
Ҳ½½İŶؼˣϼҲ˼ҡ
С򶼰ˡ
Ԫ˵, ķ羰ѾǺܺõˡ
ѵһҲûǸȥʲôǿԼߵ˶
ǲ·, ˼ˡ
ڵ, ܻҪʱ䡣
һҪչȶ, ϶ǲƵĻ쵼ġ
ԼҲⶪ̯ȥĵط
Ԫ֮, ϶ġ
Ц, ôģ
Ȼܡ
̲סЦ, һ, ˵ԽԽˡ
ֻ˵Ԫ
Ц۾ҲЦĿһôˣ㻹㵱Ǹ뷨һֱȥ
˶һˡദʱ䣬һƶĹ
ԼҲ, һܲ˵ġ
֮ǰ, ҪԪԼ
Ԫ鵱Ȼһˣ˼, ˿Χûʲôˣһ, ס, ûɿ뷴, ҿɲӦ
ˣ㻹ǿȡ᣿
Եܲñ䰡
ԪûҲ֪ǿȡ˼һпвͨҿÿ㣬ûΪ˹ܻҵġ
㻹ԶˡЦġ
ȴܻϲôãĲ䡣
һ˻мأԼҲҵǸʺԼˡ
Ȼ͵ż׼г룬ȴҲĺ⡣
۾ĿԪ飬ǣԪͬ־Ըҽһӵĸս𣿲δʲôѣǶһͬԡ
Ԫ黹ţõʱġŪһʽʱ䲻ˡ׼һ£ѻˡ
Ȼȿˡ
ʱЦãַ
࣬飬ǲ⣿
⣬ҵȻ⡣ԪϽס֣ҾǾãӦҿڵģˡЦţ׼ͽָҺ׼
ΪǿˣȻӿڴͳ첼ŵĽָ·£Ҳᷢ⡣ģָ
óн䣬ԪĿɿڴ֮£ȥˡ
ȻԪ
Ԫӹֶָ˶ը˼̻һһŽˣȫû˼
ڴ۾ʱ˼֣Ľָ飿
񻹵Ŵָأһҿȥʡģء֪ƷζܲϲָֽѾ򵥵ˡְ֪񲻷ˡ
ûУңֻǾϲԪﾪϲЩ״ΡŮ䣬۾ȴƵĿԼŵн䡣
ΪֻԼΪ鿼ǣû뵽ôæȻҲῼǽ飬ȥ˽ָ
񶼸ˡ
ָõӱرĸоõͬƮһŮ˸ָǲֻһ
ϲĵͷͷ˺ü¡
ɵˣϻЩȣʲôָ
ԲҡԪһܸܲĽָ
Ҳ׼ˣ
Ԫסͷš
ˡԼ׼ˣ͹˼ˡڲ֪ԪҲ׼ġ
컹ǲ죿
ˣ鶼ǰˣҲûֵĻˡ֣㣬
Ԫ齫öŮʽָСİãԼĿڵĿڴȻͳԼĽָӣ򿪡
ʯǱʯ·Ʋãֹ£ȻԿ財
ϱҲǸǮˣҲϲעݳƷֻ֪꣬ʲôҲûĽӴǿ;ã϶ܹء
Ҳûô࣬Ҳ֪Ԫ˽϶Ҫġ
ֻԼ׼˸ָԺճš
ԪóָҲûֱӴȥ֣ϥءһ顣ϵ̧ͷԼϲĹ񣬼޸ңһһİ¡𣿡
ȻƽʱôΪҲ̲סϲЦˣͷá
Ԫ齫ָϡ
ոպʡסֻվȻ˱ڻһ¡
濪ġô꣬ĵʱ򡣡
ԴĦһ£۾ЦԺܻиĵʱ򡣡
Ԫ̲סҪˡ
Ҳ֪棬ʡżҪǽ˾ͺˣʲôڼ
ʲôʱѽ
æˣǾͽ顣֤Ȼ˺ϲơ㿴׶죬ռͰ죿
Ԫ׶죬϶ԺֵġõĻ
϶ϣռͰ졣Ƕѡ
񣬡ҪռͰɡǱݶࡣ
Ԫأ
Ҳףңԭֻ߸ѣҪ
˵ǲҪ˽Ǹܽˡ
Ҳйϵ
һһεĻ϶ڴġ
֣ҪռͰ죬ϾʱϣռͰȽϿ졣ȹ꣬׶ٰһҲаεġϾԶ
ȻԪţﻶϲʱ乻㹤æ𣿡
мڰһӽһλ飬ܲʱ䶼ûУҵѽ
һۡƽʱ˲ϼͥҪӣǼҪʱ
ԺҲһǺæֻҪʱ䣬ͼһ
ӹҲͥ
ͥҲҪ໥άֵģֻһ˸δ˺ӣҲԽӡúڸĸİﳤ
Ԫˣı˱á
иǿһ棬Ҳһ档
Լ
ȻûʢʽǽõģҲġ
ΪһŮʿˣԪ顣
ȥ·ϣһֱԼĽָԽԽϲñʲôָÿ
ݵ

Ȧ
̵ʲô
Լȥˡһֱǽָܾùֲ˼ġ
ɴҲ˿ԼĽָ
ò˵ıȽָÿǿر𺾡ⱦʯҲ̫ˣĴָǴСˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ĥԺֻܷڱչˡ
Сľͺˣôôȥ
ԪòĽָƺŮʿʯԽԽÿ
󣬻бءһиˣʮѡ
㶨ģ
ȻѡıʯҵʦƿʽԪ˵Լöָӡ
Ŀⲻ̫ˣʮһиġ
˽ʯ飬Ҳ֪ƺԽ󣬼۸Խ󡣶ʯرá
ͦ滨˶ǮģԪ͸ָʼ۸񣬸оʡ
ԺôصˣҲûѹ˷ˡ
ԪЦһŻҪ
Կ
ŽֵָʱԪֳɾ͸ǰδеġ
˻ķΪʱ磬鼤˷ܣʱԪҲûȥ
˺ƣŵӣɳ졣
Ԫ飬˵¶
ԪϸĹ۲Ľָ뿴ǿ̵ʲô֡
ˣȥٿ
ھ֪Ԫ޹Ŀ
û취ˣƽʱͦصģĳЩʱƺҲͦɡ
ﻹͦġ
룬ɴС˵һ䡣
Ԫˣ۾ƲסͷǡૣҲ㣬Ԫ鰡
ԪҲܰ
ȣͮͮģ۾ˮģԪ鿴۾ϵıʯҪˡ
Ͻ鰡
̾˿һ׼˾ֱ֤ģҲżӾͻռͰҲá
Ԫ飺
泵Ԫ˾汣Ҳ졣
ʦֵܵĹϵþûˡ
ոԪʵɣ
ʦܽˣû飿
棬ǲͼƻˣⲻԪ·񰡣һΪĺʢ󡣡
׼ģȥ׼ˣƽб䡣ʽҪˣǸָ㹻ˡ㲻֪ΪǿŽָԪͻ˶˼
Ԫָʦƣθĸ壬Կ˼Ĺ˵ˡ
ʱ䳤ˣֵҲ˸ı䡣
ǰҪ˵Ԫ黨ǮͶʣʲôҲ;ŶͦࡣϾЩǮ˵ƺһ֡
ڲһˣһ֮ͷը˻
Ҫ֪æȻģΪͶʡȻһͶʣڡ
㰲ע㡣Ҳѽֵָ˵ôĿġĹƷ˵һ䱦Ϊûб䡣ⰲˣͷȥŪչ񡣡
ﶶ˶Ȼһۣ⻹㰲ţ˵ھͰѱչװˡ
һһ£ָԪȥűչϾƽʱҲʵڲȫ㰲ٺãƽʱҲҪܣ˲䱦ҪбչŰȫġ
һԪˣϹЦݣ⡣˯ͳԵĹȥòϢһΣ̫ࡣ
ԪˣһֱͷȻתˡ
֮ǰ˵Ĵ㣬ĻֻۡܰοԼϾǽ飬̫ˡίˡ
ϻᣬԪϴ֮󣬾ͻشϻ֮ǰ龰
ﻹǳϲáǰΪģһ֮ҲԺԼึ׼ж飬ֱ׵ġϲ顣
û˻õ̶ȡԼûҪЦ˷ϲá
ڶһ磬Ԫ˸磬ȥԪˮ绰
Ҳû˵ģǸԼЩŽ˵ˣҪˣҲˣռǱ߰졣׼Ķ׼ãʱб䣬ʱȥռǱ߽Щϰףյϰװ졣
ָС´˸绰һҪ顣ʢʽûˣһõ
ܿ죬Ԫ߲Ͷ֪ˣԪҪˡⶼȲĿʼ׼ˡ
֪ԪЩ˸磬ϵĽָպˣú첼ţװ˺棬׼ڳģŽ컹ҪԪԼᣬʱţܻˡ
ǾͷԼİˡ
ϿۣȻʵĽָأ
˿ȣҲˣ
ûûʲôʦ˵ģ˵Ԫˡ
ǵģ춨õġһ򶨵
ָźģ׼ȥ￴ûбչ𣿡
ʵҪչ񡭡˵Žָ
ͷϾֵ̫ˣⷽİҵáȻΰãɱ׼ʲôС͵СˡԷһ
ôӣ֪۸ӦúܸߣָǮ
İָļֵ˵һ飬٣Ʒȷʵûȷļ۸Ϊԭʯ򣬾ͻ˰˰ٶԪȻʦƣӹֵԶ
񲻸ŵĿȻԼĹİ˵˰ٶ࡭򡭡Ԫ
ͷ
Ϊֵͽһ£˵ԭǲҪ˰ٶģĵǵʱ˶֮࣬󣬾ôࡣ䱦ļֵ϶ΪġϾ䱦ޣҪ˶ࡣĶһ޶Ҳļֵһ֡
񣺡
Щأ಻ˡ
ǴһҵĹҵ԰ϰǼٹ·
Īľú˼֡
ԪͶͨѶûǮ𣿲
һֻôǮȥһǸ߼۾ģ
ʲô


365 365
, ᣿
˿ֱ׼ȥԪʡ
ƺЩ, Щƣ⻰֪Ԫ, Ԫȥ, ˵ȥŶ顣
ͦ
緹񶼳Բ, ذ칫˱
ŻȥǱǮۡ
ȻǮҲ, ۡϾǴϵġ
˿Լ, ͨͨһ˫ְȴе˱ĸ
Ϊ˲ЩӰ칤Ƕһ, ȻȥӲ칤ڰ칫ķ
ϴο, ǰ֪ͨģ׼ͻ飬ƽʱǲҲô湤
ҪǶú»УҪ˭ΥɾͲˡ
Ϊ, Ͻˡ
·ϾĹ,
Ӹշץôˣôˡ
һһ㱨, ˵ȫշĺܺãѾ׼ˡѧУҲרŵշΡɨäҲշΣΪ˸Ľ, 帾ŮȨҲһǿˡڸضڸͶ, ໥ල, ҲܹžŰŮͯ֡
ҲΪץĲˣû֮ǰܣÿ³鼸ȥͻˡ
⣬Ͼʱ仹̣ܹͲˣЩͽԼԺҵȥӲ죬ͻһ㱨ûʱ䶢ţͶජšʱ䳤ˣϰˣͺˡ
骸ϽӦˡ
ǳݺ͸м
ʱԽԽĸɲ
ڹִźģʵ̫ѵˣΪ鲻Ҫͷһ߲ܡ
ΪԼ쵼ˡҲԼûзԼǼŬԼĻεץסˡ
뵽ĶˣӲ칤͵Ҳ࣬ҪעϢ
û¶Ҫڼڽ裬Ҳû飬Ҷ࿴Ҳġ
ųЦ˵ˡ
ЦЦҲû˵
죬Ҫûǣúú룬ȥ˸ôʡ
ȥĹء
õͶ֮ݱĸ㽨裬һϹ˾ϹˣæȻġ
ؿɲ޹ҵҪ޽Ļʩ˵··ƣⶼǹҵʩ
ôһޣֱִСˡ
Ϊ˷δߵĹҲ׼Ǩ⸽ˡ
һǨλȻҲŰᡣδҵ⸽ͻ㹤ҵ˹
ĴǿģֻҪǮǾܰһƬĵظĳ
صĺ˷ܵĺŹ滮
Ҳúܺã˼·ǶԵġԹصǲˡڸ㽨軹Ǻֵ֧ģĵġ
ĻǲģҲҪüලκλڶܳÿһǮҪڵϡҪ˭֣ʹ˭ûġ
ߵʱôһº򳤡ǰܴҾû뷨ˡ
ͻȻл˼һһˣһѧͻˡʱϵˣǾ군ˡ
һⷽĶţκ˻ᡣ˭Ҫ֣ҿ˭֡
뿪أȥˮ
ˮƳҲڽУҲܻϾµͶʵġһСõһٶͶʣøɲǶʮиɾˡҶԷֻǮˣṩ
Ȼûǵ绰ѾԽӹˡҪˡ
ϴ˵Ҫˮ¶
ˮͬ־ռһЩڵصĴ˵һҪѾõֱ֣ࡣ
δʲôģҲֳ˵
ҵ֮ȥ;
Ȼ֪ҪЩɶͶרŰ˵صĸɲȥˮЩ˵
ּ򵥵ĺЩˮĸɲǿ̸̸δˮķչ
δˮˮƳΪУγһȫľˮֻҪˮƳŴȥˣδˮҲܹƳƽ·ߡƳһҪɺãֻҪˣδˮܹ߳Լ¸·
øɲĿЩˮδ
뿪ˮȥ˺ɽ
ȥ칤ģϾɽǸֳģϴҲˣĲҪȥġ
ôҲԼרңҲˣһ߿ɲá
ΪǸоģ϶ǸڿΣҵʱ½ֳ棬ְֵĽЩԱֳ
Ϊɽţű֮ǰںҪ㲶ˡ
񣺡
һ̣ǳ׸Ĺˡͬ־Ĵȫ˸һ
뵱Ϊ˻سǣȲѵѾԸԷΪˡҳչԼ¿಻۵ľ
ο߹ȥкˣרҡɸǻǺɽ˾޴İˡṩļ֣δɽһΪֳҪʲôһҪᣬǧ
˶촽ܱҹɹؼҡСˡ
ЦŵҴ㹤ˣ治˼УԺҲԵҲڡæģ
ܲУҿѹ󡣡ʵʵ˵иʲô뷨ֻز˼ˡ
񣺡ô
ôԼļԱǹȥ֪ͬ־ˣЦһ£ãæҲˡҪ
˵ű־ˡ
һ䣬æǲֱӻȥ
¸ʱֱˡ
ͷҲأڰ֣Уȥ
˰Ǿס
תһȦûϳ緹
Ԫ鵹ڰ칫
һͿˣԪϲõվҲЦЦ뵽ôǮЦ߰ɣȥԷˡ
ԪЦ߹Ҫǣ֡δˣͥǣû¶˰ɡ
ǣţ¶㡣
Ԫü֪ˣһʱ벻Լˡһʱ򿴵ſڵˡ
ʹɫһ޹Ҳ֪
Ԫţﻹ˼
ûȥԷ骰ȥﶨˣȥԪ̸̸
ŷ˻ûȰʰˡ
ԪڵİæѺóˡ
ϰ࣬Ⱦơ
ԪˣЦʵôˣ춼ûЦ
ûҾѹЦ㣬ԪͶͨѶûʲôǮͶʶǣǶڻز˱һԺ׬ǮĿǡ
ԪĵĻһůˮˣʽõĲˡ
üһ壬㻹ôǮʯ
Ԫһ⻰۾һп⡣ǶȥԷȥˡ
Цţȴû˵Ҫܵ¶
Ͼ¶͸õĶ
飬ҳܸ鱦ѾΪϰˡҲǲܽ鱦֮ΣҲˡֻּ鱦ۡ
ǺãҾǾÿġôǮָҪȥͶʣǮǮʹоͺԼ˺öǮһ
ԪЦס֣ûи㣬ָ֮һԪͶʽ𡣡
ԣ۾һģ
ǰǲ֪İĹģΪġһǮڻһ׬˴ǮˡǶԻгȤԶҴˣҵȻŹһһȫסˡ
Ͻһˡ
ôͶʣδܹپ롣
ˡ
ãɵúá͡
Ԫˣոջ˵Ǯأھͺˣ
ҪֵȥǮһҪлرСˬЦˣָãܺãԺŵұ̫ˡҲʾ˲ҪҲҪ׬С
ԪЦţģ˵˭С
࣬Цô硣ǵ˺ôԺҪˡԪͬ־ҲǼ鱦ҵϰߣһʱϰߺòãһڼܶϣǸһµǸĶüȻҪˣðԼ˵ﲻͣЩÿ춼ۡ
ãġԪºЦĿˣҿ϶ˡԺʱ򣬾ȥ·߽ѧУòã
񣺡ףξܾá


366 366
Էʱ, һֱƵƵ
극֮󣬺ŲҲ
Ԫ鼫ãһֱԼ, ʵô, ʲôҪ˵
ǲоͦḻʵͷˣദʱҲ, Ԫ黰˵һһ, һһᡣ
Ԫ, , ָء
񣺡û, Ҿ˵˵ѡҲĿ, ̸ߡ
ԪЦˣҲҪ˭
ں֮ǰҲ֪ԼôŮʿദ
ʵҲѣĶѡ, Цͻ취ȥ
Լϲ˲̵ܻ͡
극ͰѽָԪˣʱûȥ, ҪȻŶҪﲻҲҴ, Ҳ̤ʵ
ԪȥȽϺáҲͽʱ, ƽʱûлġ
ԪЦŴӦ, ȻóԼĽָ, ϡ
ú, ԼҲ, һ𣬿ſʽһĽָ̲סޣ۹ãƯҪһֱšһֱžͻʶѾˡ
ãһֱţָǲӰʲôʱĿʽ򵥣͵ġ
Ԫ鱾׼һģϾոɹǻȵʱҲߡҲûѵõûߡ
Ͼе绰칫ˣȥվԱҪˣҲҪġ
һ֪¶ʹˡ
Ԫ飺
ؼʱ˵ûģЩʧ䡣
ϳʱ˵㰢æˣ顣Ÿʲô
ԪԣЦˣ˵öԣȷʵġ
ԵԼżʲôȽˬϲ
ԪҲϲҺż顣
һȣԼ˼Ҳˡ
ԼҲˡ̫ˣϽҲˣҲҪȥæˡҪϽȥһԼ̡
˵ǲͣԪ鳵ߵǣվŻ֡
ϼ£˶Щʵġ
ԪջԼĿ⣬̲סЦ
ųʱ򣬴ӺӾ濴Цˡ
һԪЦݣԺһ˶Ǯ飬Ҫ˵
Ӧһ֪Լ˵˲˵Ļ
ûⰡⶼΪð
ϧԪҲ׼ԭܲ˵밤ˡʱҲֻаķݡ
ǲġ
׶ԪүҲ֪ԼҪϢˡ
ҲǴԪ֪ġ
ΪһүүԼҪ飬Ȼô֪ϢԪү˶ˡ
ҲĵģӶźˡ
ˣ鲻׶ᣬȥռ͡ϱǱߡ
Ԫү˶ˣƽԪЩƨ˵ĻˡʱʱʹܼңӵˣʲôʱúúõĺС˵˵
ô飬ôܲһʱ˵
˼û˵Ȼ˵ȥϷˡ
ԪүĵͲ˹ȡ
ĥԪ鵽Ϸʱ䣬绰ʹϷˡ
ô飬ôͼ˵
Ԫ鷿æ⻰üҵ黹Ҫͨ˭𣿡
ԪүĻĲҪҩ
Ҫ㣬׷ϷǱȥӸһˡФ
Ԫү֪ǸûĵġҲԼ֮ǰ˾ӵġ
Ҳزˡ
ͻ˸˼·֪㲻ҵһүү飬ְû棬үүҲû档㵽ʱŮô룬ô룿ǾСǺӲżϿ𣿡
Ԫû˵ˣַ
㲻ңܵΪСտǡûżҳ棬룿㲻Ҫ棬ǸɲܲҪҲҪɼˣܺǰˡǴ¶үүҲоˣ԰æҲԪҵĴϲ¡
ԪͻȻ΢Ц׸Ҫз˲ٰ𣿡

绰ͷĬ˺һԪүӴŴӴ󺰣㣬Ҳˣ
ҺܸлΪҲٰ񣬵ⲻ䡣˵öԣҪһĻ
ԪүʹĿڡ
Լܻôãʱúñˡ
ҪȻͱӸˡ
ֵ֪ΪôˣܸӡСնôæҲܴߡԺҿԸǴӡҿԽӳɲš
ԼⷽġԪôľӢĵõġ黹ûأѾڼƻʲôʦˡҪΪӹ滮ѧԣѧЩרҵΣǿΡԺͺȥУ
û뵽Ԫ龹ȻֱЦˣˣû˵γĶӣ˼Ůˣÿ
Ԫүžž졣
ĬĬĹ˵绰
˼ԼЩĽʧܡ
ӲɲţӳɲȴТ
ʲôʱǮ׬̫軹𣿣
ǲ֪ԼδδүүΪ¶ôһͨ
Ҳͼ˴˵绰˵ԼҪ顣
ȻҪռͰ죬϶Ҫռ͵׼ġԼæҲԼȥŪЩҲ
ֻܼǮȥռǱ߰æˡ
һҪ飬˼ˣһһ졣
Լûӣֻ˵æ˾ֱӻȥ顣
ռһ˵ȶˡ
̵ôܲأôҲҪһƵա
Һæ֪һܰϡ
æҲҪһ졣
û취һ£ŸɴʮһˣǸӡ°ˣӦæĲˡ
˵ҪԪǿ׼ˡ
ҸǻǼǵȥ졣
̾ͲˣﻹǵǮǮõóģǮء
ڲƴ֣үүͶˣûйطֺ죬ͶСǮѾˡ
Ů´࣬ǮŸ㵱ױϯҪջء
ǲЩôٰ춼С
˷ˣ˵﷿װˣǰשǽˢ˰ףҲˮࡣԺҲһʯ塣
λȥϲƣһûӡ
˺Ǳߣ衭飬Ҫ˵һġ
Ǳ߸ˡ
ϾûǱߵԼˣֻԺλ˲ܶˣǮ֮⣬ƽʱǲġ
Ծȥ֮ǲ
̵鵽Ǵ¶ǲʱҪ߶䡣رСԪǱô룿
Ԫ鲻ģ֪
롣һ˵뷨飬費ڳ˾Ҫ
ȻϣԪ鱻˽Ҷд˵һǡֻ˾ˡ
УдšӦˡ


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ӳڹ, Ǵ绰Ԫһ¡
ڲ££ǰô翪ʼ׼, ʱӦǹġ
绰ȥԪһŻع绰
Ȼ˵, һ˿ƣ
Ӷʮһľ˵ˣû⡣
׼ǰԪ飺û⣬ֻΪԸЧ񡣡
ⲻæ, Ҳæ, öʱͲôˡʱæ, ǻԶݼ١
Ҳʱ, ҪǹȥЩװ, , ϰ࣬붴
˵лָԪȻϲˡ
ЩҲûкôܱȸսͷֱĺá
Ҳûܵġ
ҲǰȥķӸװһ, ԺϾҪǱ߰ҵġ
һЩƷҲҪȥ
پǱ߶ȹˣԶĵطʱ䲻Ҳȥһͺܺˡ
˵绰֮骽, ˵˵ԼĹƻ
骾ͰĹг˵һ顣
ճ, ÿܻҪȡ㱨
һ, ͵, Ĺÿܸһ㱨, ǿյġԼȥÿڽвʱ顣ʱ۵, ܡǶѹ, ʱ䳤ˣγϰ߾ͺˡ
ãҼסˡ骸ϽӦ¡
ְŵû߽Ľƻһݸҡ֮ǰ˵꽨ҽԺģǵöѾͺᡣ
õġ
أ𣿡
ûС
Щģ½ѡ
ҲλЩָءϣܹһǮ֧·¶
뵽Լöָˡ벻롣
ʡߣȷʵˡ
˵ģҪǮ˳Ź֡ⱲûҪǮ˳ģûܴ˳ҪǮ
ΪˣҪǮľḻ
Ųߣ
Ȼֻһ֮ǰڵֳģϵͳнӴ
Ҫˣȫ쵼ӣҲߡ
ʡЩ쵼û취ˣֱӴ绰г˸ߡ
гˣ˵ģҲҪǮġ
ֻ֪Ǯû뵽ˣҵĴûǮˣֻ֯ϰæˡ
ʵҲæڶڽҵˣδҵҪǱפҲǸʡǴЧġ
ϵһͶʾͶһǧ򡣡
ǰǺܶûдﵽĳɾͣҾǲΪǵķչ
˵ԼˣҪΪûһ·δչ
ʡǵ쵼һ
ҵõͶȷʵǿɹۣⲻǻڽҲ֪ھҪǮˡ
ҪǮҲܺʡҪбȥʡҪ
ʡֻʡؽ
гȥʡ쵼ˡûֱӿҪ·¶ύϵģѻҵ
ʡﻹ֪ؽ蹤ҵˡϾ˭ûңԼ͸ˡֱӰˡ
ʡ쵼õ϶ͦԾ
һȻҲ˹ҵ԰ˡһģģ˺ܶҵפ
ʡҲǳ˹ҵģλþʡǽλúãռع
ҵҲôóġ˺ܶ๤ųģºҵפҲǸ˺ܶŻݡ
û뵽Ҳ㹤ҵˣȻģȲʡش󰡡
̹һǿûʲôƵ¡
ʡ쵼˼ˣҵ԰ĲƳǸճܹĳɼܲ
ҵũҵչΪġͺ뷨ˣܴعҵչҲܴٽũҵչ
һá
ʡ쵼ҲԸҵطҲԼ취㷢չ㽨衣
ѧѧƳǻ
ʡ쵼ǻгһ㾭áƳǸճΪУɼ
гͦ˼⻨ķչû
ΪᶨҪ·ˡ
ǻʡĥǮʱʡǴ죬ʡڱֽڿ涼пǻڹعҵϢ֮г̵ȥʡ︺ͨ滮쵼ˡ
عҵˣ·ǲǵޣôҲĹҵʱĽһ·ûУǲǻԵʵ
Ȼֿ˵𻨸ڵĽǻʡ·
ʡ쵼Ҳ·ޡ
ϾҲʡһĵطˣܲһ·úˣ治һ㲻ʾû·¶ͶʣҲܲ·
Ƴ˼ԼǮֻǮҪ˺ϻޡ
ʡｻͨ͸·ˡ·ޣýͨ·滮ְ·߹滮һ£ָЩó١
Ȼʡһ㲻ҲãʡҲһĲ
ɰгֻˣĶ쵼ʾֿĸм
ƳδԣˣһúõĻ֯
ʡǵ쵼յ֪ͨʱ򣬾ˡ
ίǻҪǮأǱ߾ʡȥʡ쵼㶨ˡ
߶
Ϊһ·𣬷
Щͬ־ƤҲغˣҪǮҪʲô
ٲҲֻűˡ
ܲˣ滹ˣ˵ʲô
ֻҧͬ·ȻƳǺϼһ£˫ó١
ǵ͵ǲƴ֣ȻҪ㣬
ʡЩ쵼ѹֵͬ־˭ܵ˰
ӵ˽Ǵıϲĵ绰ʱֵĲˣǣҾ˵ˣⱦδϰһû⡣ǻڣֱǻڵ
ǿ˿ȣг˺ܶġҪʹˡҲ˳ɼӻڣͬˡ
ҲҪλͬ־ʡʹѹǲܹôϰҪȻ氲ˣҲء
ҲŵģҾסˣʲôʱǮλˣʲôʱҲŻȥ
УģС¶ҡȥһһȥ¶ԶǿĺܡǶԶ֧
̹ˣԼûæҲ˻ǲģٰĸ
ǰǻҪҽԺ¶֪ɡǻ޵ģҲ˼ƻģҾΪҽԺҪͷʵԾŪǮ·ǮܴŪ㣬߾ŲҽԺɡҹܵⲿǮҲҪǱߵġ
ǣ
Ҳû취¶ҵʱ˶࣬ģģôˣûҽԺСһ׼ҽԺ֮ҽԱˣȥ졣֪ʶ
ǳĬƬ̣ʵöǮмƻ𣿡
ԤʮҾٵһ򡣺öǶҪ򣬿ҶҪҪͽá׼нƸôġ
ɶҪãҪ󡭡
˾ǻỨǮһ㶼֪ʡҪǮ֪ҪǮļѣ


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ǻû, ͵ʡˣ׼Ǯ֮󣬴Ǯһ
Ҳ
ԼһĿۡ
ҽԺ¶, ͬˡΪڽ蹤ҵ֮󣬾÷չ϶ҪҽԺڲ, ԺҲҪġ
ųʹʹǮ, ԺʱʱҪǮ
ǻû·ǮûڹҵЩҵ˹㽨ˡ
ȻҵὨһֳ, ǻһֿյҵԼġϾÿҵͬ
Щפ֮, ͵Ǯ
ͺ, ҵפڵһ𣬾ڸӰ컨ڵľˡཨϵù, Ǵ̼һ˺Ͱͷ̡
ҲˡϾ˽蹤ҵ֮⣬Ҫйˡ
ЩǱصĹˣЩǴġûڵ˿һһĹ, ʹ̼
żЩͷԵˣҲĿʼˡ˰˹ҵ
ÿҵһˣලǹ
ĵһҵɲ⹤ҵ⡣ҪȻԺɾͲˡ
˹֮⣬Ҳںĸ㽨衣
ڵõ׼֮, ҲʼҽԺˡ
ǮԽһҽԺ
Ҳ˵, ʩȻնҽԺ, ҽԺķΧҪԺҪġ
Ȼ, һҵ԰ټʣԺߵֻ಻١
رѾˣҽʩȥ
ھƤӵ£ǲòģ֮ȥˮƳ鿴
ˮƳ磬Ѿ콨ˣˮʼйˡ
ûǸˮ¶ϴˮѼ䴫˵ء
ۼƳҪˣҲǱһˡ
ˮ¶ĸͰǧѼС˹
ҾѼĲƣԻҵ㡣С±ʾԼûܻɹ
΢΢ͷһС£ۡ
ſžЦˣˮ⴫˵ͦడ
Сһ죬⣬ⶼǴģҲûɶݡ
˵ȻǴģи˾Ͳд˵ˡ
ϸĿ˼ݱȽϷḻĴ˵
رǹˮȪĴ˵
Ȼд˵үϴء
ôСӣүһֻŶˡ
б۵ġ
ϸ˿׵Ļˮ
˵ںܶǰɺˣׯڶˣҲûˮˡ˾ʱϳһɣһӣγһȪ
ˮ峺ףڸ𡣶ԴԴϵĴӵصðԶҲȲһ
ȫ˾ͿȪˮʱ˾ͰȪˮΪˮȪ֣ˮ
ˮЦ㵹ǲ۲ܸ⽨šʱ򣬿԰һκԵͳΪȻıءȪˮϾȫ˵
ֿһھˮĴ˵
⴫˵ǰһȻûôԣǵˮĿǰҪߵ·߲ıϡ
⴫˵˵ˮȪԭӦȪ֮ԱˮȪΪˮȪֵʱԱߵıдѾģˡԼԿһˮ˭Ҳ֪ʲôȻ͸ɴˮȪˡ
Ǹ˶ӦȪ
ºãԺ֮ǰǸ˵Ȫ֮ԱˮȪΪɺţȻûпѧݣô˼
ˮС£
ǻȥǱͬ־ĸģϼһ£Ȼҿ֮Ǿﴫ֮ȥ洫
Сľˡ
ǻǵ֮ǰСĻĵ˱֪ͬ־
ŶԷṩĵ绰˸绰ȥ
һģϲѡ
Цŵϴβ˵Ҫд籾Ҹṩزģˮġ
Ҽǵãʼ˼ˡһ׼ȥǱˮһߡ
ЦӭӭʱС
̫ˡ֪ͬ־ɸˣоԼĺʱˣģ籾һúдʱ취ĵӾ硣
ҲҪ̫ѹҲֻ͵ȡģдõľ籾иõĳɾ͡
⻰˵ж֪ĿڵıʾԼܰ쵽
Ҳû˵ˣôģҪǾ籾ʱǳҲһƬ
ֻҪúãδˮܹ׬Ǯǲɹġ
ˮǶ氡
ˮͻڵİ£ˮȪĴ˵ôˡ
Щ˵ֻڵһ˵Ҳһ˵
ôĴˣԽԽ˲֪ԭˮһء
ȪˮȻô壬ǰȻӡ
ҿڿഫȫҲˡ
ˮֱһӣȻˮ˵д˽ڡ
ˮָʾ·滹˹Ŵ־̳ӡ
׼ǱĬĽˮһƾʷľˮ
ܶϰǰҲǺ˽⣬ЩȻˡþô¡
һΪд˵һ棬Ҳûѹ֪٣ô ҲôΪˡ
û죬ˮԼ˶ãǾһƾʷľĻˮľƾǱȱĵطúȡ
ҪȻΪʲôὨôľƳأͶʼأҪô£˼ôͶأ
˵ġǵľƾǺá
ЩƵҲʼˣԼľƼжʷǵصصˮơ
ⷬʵʵڵչʾһʲôûûɫɫ
λ֪ͬ־ӺǸˮʱ򣬿ˮС֮Լˡ
Ȼʺϴ
ҲûģԼ˸ùݾסȻǱĴ
֪ˣصشӺɽȾƾ۾ۡ
ûˮ·ˮ֪ǰһ
֪˵ˮʷ˵ʱˡţ
Ϊʲôţ˶ô˵Ҳô˵ġ
˵Ϊ˵ģŻɰ
˵ͬ־֡
Ƶĺһھƣ˽ҶѰ
֪û˼ԹԵ֮Ҳ߷һЩλã˺Ӷô˵ȻЩ࣬ǾĶ࣬ͬС졣ɼǿѨ磬ȷ¡ҪдһΪСƣҶ뷨ˡǧϹȻûдۻǺǰһԿ
һۣͶ˵ľˡ
Щ¶ʱܡΪڴǮ緢Ĵʡǻˡ
һĻй·滮ֵͬ־
ȫĴ¶гˡΪ·֮ͨ·ǰʡǡ
һ·ҲͶһڵطչĺ¶
ȻѾŵͼоܶ·ˣΪʡǼ룬ܶ๤͸ˣԭأͺˡһ·ֿ
ԭһСʱĳֻ̣Ҫʮˡ
ȻֻʮӣһʵķԾ
¹滮·ߣЦݣ·ôޣȻǵˡֻҹǮ
⻰滮ֵͬ־ۡ


369 369
ѾһͨʡǵĹ·¶ܿʹˡ
¶ʡǱֽ
ʡ˼, ͨԼѰҷչĵ·
ˣҲнġ
·ڻڵӰҲǾ޴ġ
ǰҶ, ·òöνڼڸ㽨裬ϰǼʶҲԽĶ֪·޺֮, Ժߵķչжİ
ʡ֧·͸һˣ˵ʡҲǻ¸, Ϻӡ˵ʡҲûǸõطǰˡ
æڽеĻһɶ־ϣ
¶һٶҲǺܿġ˵һһ
ÿҶæȻġ
ֱ仯дľǵصϰˡ
ķڵԽԽ, ԽԽˡҲԽԽˡ
Ϊ跢չ, Ҳͽ, мһϼƣĸĸɲҲ˵
ߣ򳤳, Ϊ˵ĳɼΪ򳤡
֮ǰżҴ˸ũҵĸˡ
߸˵㱨
ʮܹͣ, Լ֮⣬ҲҪлԼλ쵼
ǴĲ֡
رҲ͸¶Ϣˣ껻죬гҪȥˣΪƳũҵĳɼ, θг
ϺμҶԣҲǹˡ
ЦĿ, û, ˮ
, һúãһ棬ҲǾᣬ˼ϱȽȽ׽
æǫ˼䡣
ΪҶǺܸߵġڻ棬ҶԻҪǣδξĻҽġĸ֮·ҲˣϣܹĽĸ֮ľ̡֪Ƴǳļ𣿡
ĵͷȻ۾ɴ󣬡˵ǰųģ
ûǰҲֻһСĳΪسǣȻΪСǵҲСȻǾⷽ淢չ
ҰĹ󰡡ͻȻԼĵرء
̫ˡ
ֳսӡ
Ҫ
쵼һֱ֧Ұɡʵ
ֻҪȷķչҵȻ֧֡
ˡ
ֵǵһ¸ǮķӦò֧ˣһġ˵֧ϲĴһҲͨġ
Ҳһǰ쵼Ƕʵеľ֧֣
ͲǮ
ԼĥǮˡ
򳤲õ
ΪǴĸɲԵǲҪӦ¹Σ⹤ˡ
ɼˮľƳϾģûعҵôҲҪɽҪֳڡ
߻ڽʱǱ޵ĳѾ˵һˡ
Ϊ˺ʱƵ㣬ҾƳΪȪƳ
ǹžȪ
ȾµһˮƸճͿʼдˡ
ΪΪȪƴ
ȥг
ȪǺþư͹쵼ǳҲƳǵز˰ɡ˺üεľƣߵνȪƾơ
֪ǵҵģгҲûһƿñӵţͦġ
⼼Ͷҵʦ͵ʦһϼƳġеˮʣƲ˵ȫǰǰʮռġ
гЩšΪҲҪúȣûľˮٺúȣҲŲΡ
񲻹ŲţԼ˵ԼļƻгôģʱǺҲûƳľƣȪƳ׼ƹģǲֹ׼ڱֽƹ㣬׼ڵƹ㣬ȡȪƳΪزͺ͵ڵˮһ
гôȪƣ
Ц۱뿴ãԺˮľ֧ˡҲ֪ˮҵġһȫûġ׼ƹ㡣ǻ׼˱СȾƾͺˮƣͳԺɽ⣬ƤʹƤͳԻ㡣
гҲʮ˼
ôһٰĻڡ
ּһƹ֮󣬲ֹߵۣδΣҲԿЩɫο͡˵Щξ㣬⿿ο;һеˡǻδزȻ⻹磬ǰ׼Ժ͸ˡ
гֱͷֻȻǸгԶģһʮ
ܺá뷨ܲ
Цƹ㡭ۻæһѣ˵ԺƳϯдˡ
гһӣȪơ
ϲ̫ˣ֯ϳȪƵĺãȪպһԶΪǵ󻧡гʡǱߡ
г࣬Ҹ㵱Աء
Ҳ뵱Աⲻûʸ𡭡
гЦˣֵ˵
ǺãҲûΡͶ̶ҳˡ׼ء
ˣͷһճϳ֣⵵ƺˡ
гҲ⣬Ҫڣ
ģֻҪʱ⡣гҵǲãϾ׾ڹгġ⻹ǵ֯ϳϡҪǺ쵼ǳԷʱơ
гȻ֪ôˡ쵼Ƕȣϰǿ϶Ҳƺð
û쵼Ƕơ
ϾҲֹһƳУֹһȪƳܲܶȥ쵼Ⱦưɡ
üֻȥʡ￪ʱȥʱòãҲܱ֤
Ц㹻ƹȥͷȵʱҲ㡣
гεЦ㵹ġ˵˵һô¶
ҵǷչȪܷܲչãˮؾӰܴҪа˵Ҹ֯ƹˣȥƶС
гЦ̾
֮Զ˿أһǾһ棬ܾΪ̤ʵ
Ӵ󣬸ƴļƻܺ󡣵һСҲΪȥ
ûеɲּӡ
ȪƵ飬ƳǾƣʲô̶Ȱǵÿǵġ
쵼仰еǿ϶֯ʧ
гͷû¶͸Ͻߡ
ȻԼҪȥƣЩĵġ
˴֣ʵ쵼ʮһʱ뼸١
гϡ棬˵궼ٵˣʮһ٣
Ц¶ͦġ
ʲô鰡費Ҫ֯ϰæ
Ҳûʲôǽ⡣
гһ㶣ǸûŮͬ־ء
ƽʱͬ־ˡ
гˬ˼٣˵ֻҪϰźãݼҲС
гʲôġ
˵ġ
⡭аɣúôгҲû˵ʲôǿϧӦҸ֯ġδаġ
ǮǵɲʵѾЩǮˣϵĵ·յĿꡣ˶Ҫˣûö˵


370 370һץ棩
гİ, ȪƳÿҷ궼ˡرĹӪ꣬к͵ľϯ棬Ȫơ
ȪΪƳǵصزˮõƳȫɲǵƹ, ɲһ, ϰҲʼ׷
رȪƱζҲ, һİ׾ζҪ, ζͲˡܶ˾ζܺã쵼ǷϺȵľơ
ƳǿʼʹȪ֮, ҲǮڱֽϽпȪƵĹ档⻹ͨСĺСķֵơ
֮, 񻹸ȪƳĸ˽, ǮһӾ磬ȻӰ浫ǳԷĻ, һƿȪơ
ֹδǺܱ, û˻
ƳĳǴӪҵģġ
ʮ, ҲǸƴ֡
ˣֱͺһĽ, ֪Ͷʵĺô
Ѿںܶͥռˡرǳͥ, ϼҼһеӻˡ
ΨһҲӿֽ˿ӡų̂, ȻҲŵӿ
ɼӶϰյӰ졣
õӻԱȱֽЧҪá
ϾֽȻ࣬ǱֽѾ̫Ѱˡ
ĺȫ, Ҫ취, Ƴ϶Ҳѧ, 취һξݵ, Ͷ˷ӦʱѾһˡ
ЦǵȻԣֻҪǮ
Ǯ׬ƳŵȻ񣬡쵼ǣܲܺ㡣
Цﵱˣ
ˣȥн衣⳧뵽˽ǮĺȥϽ뿪ˣ±
ˣҪǮҪˣһ˭ҪǮء
һ뵽ڶ⿴Ľ//ǣԼҲͦΪѵġ
ͺˣ붼ӡǮˡ
ôһţֿʼĥҪɶˡ
ʵѹҲ룬Ҫ޵̫ˣ·̻԰ͼ֮ľҪˡ׼վվóڽһĽͨϵͳ
Ǯˣһµϰյĸ
ҽƲ֮ġ
Ⱦͷ칫//ĪĴ˸
ƳҪǺ׵ģϾ½ĳʩ£ģҲǴҪ׶ˡ˵ֻ¶һ򣬾ˡ
ƳҲҶֻһ㹻Ĺá
λľƳھƳϼ鰺˵˹ĺôԼǮԴľ޶
ȻʧܣԼ̴ְΪۣ쵼ͬ⣬ʼģͶŹ档
ѮڱֽϿȪǵصĹϢ
ÿ춼УҰܴһǮġ
ÿ춼ҪſȪƳʮ͡
ϲһǰҵơ֧֣ϰ֧֣ͶͶʣҪǻηηĲҶȴǲŽдʱ
ѮЩһֱڡûע⿴Щˣһˡ
ϷѾͨѶվʮһʽӪ
ֽƪдͨѶվô塣ȻδھУǣȸҪкʡݣȽվ
ֵһǣΪвУҲ˼վˡ
񿴵Ϣ˷ܵĴվ
ɹˣ
ԪˣҸˡ
ߵ绰ͶʹãϢӷ㣬ҲǹҿٷչҪء
ΪϢ鼫ãϷ˸绰
֪ԪѾ뿪Ϸȥ
ŹҪ񣬵Ҳû׷ʣֻ˵ҪϢˣظ绰
ͬʱȫλϢˡ
ܶҲ壬֮ͷƪˣǶЩľ֪жôҪ
رǱѡеĳкʡݵ쵼ǣﶼ˲ѣǿ̫֪ȱһĺô
һûпʼŸǽ裬Ѿᣬν裬Щ˸ˡ
г˵ټ￪ᣬϢ
//ǸֱӵˣõҲû٣˵һ绰ܹһţ
֣쵼۾ɴˡ
ôǮǶ׬
ȷʵоô󰡡
гЦǲòģ֯Ѿ˵ˣΪһʹõĵشϸɲ䱸һ̨
һȺ۾ɴˡôõѽ
ҲЦӯӯģۻڿ϶Ҫ룬ҵ̫æˡ
//ǵǿ϶ģȷʵǺҪġ
쵼Ƕ˸ۡ
ǷչĺãԼԼҲ̫Nɪˡ
гЦʱд룬ŵġ
гô˵ҶĦȭƵģ޲þڻдһƪ顣
ͽ//ǵڵģһ㶼š
ǵʮ㣬ûڿ϶ûġ
ҪǶ䲻ˣﻹ䣿
//ǿҲ͸ż͡
ȻỨǮҲǺƯһ߳ӡ
һ˾ȥдˡ
Ҳдһ⣬ԴǿУһ׳־ġ
гʱ͸ǩˡ
㻨ڲ룬ҲҪ䱸ġͺһҪԲԶ
ô˵ƳȫеľĻģǹҵĻڻڡ
ҵƼĹҵԼڽеĹ·ûڵĵλԽĵѾƳжòһЩҵڻˡ
ǩ֮гʵǲҪȥˣ
Цŵţͻȥ
гԼóһֱʰװ
ҾͲˣ㡣ϣɼ֮ҵһ¥
һܳĽӹˡ
лл쵼
гЦŵͷúøɡ
ԣɲѾֹһ¼ô򵥣صĺ󱲡
ҲȫõԼΪڿ˽
һ·൱صġ
صڣ͸˵绰˵ԼҪȥˣʼ׼ôʲô
̵ɶǶ׼ˡˣǰСԪүүҲˣߵĹףƸ׼˽ϯҪõһЩ׼Ŀϸˡ
û뵽磬Ԫأ
СԪûүү˵æȥˣǶæҲƽЩǼһǺܳġⰲ˹Ž˵Ҫ߽ӣԺǽס
˵͸ˣԶˡ
ȻҲԶǲһġҪȥзˡзڸסţҲܻ
ЦУԼŰɣҵ¶Ҳܹࡣ
˵ģҲûɶҲ࣬ҶءҼһæˡ
̣ллҡˣǱ߻û
ˣ˵ҲáͷһκԼͨԷһ鶼ûУ˵һ仰͸ˡҲͲˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôϹȥС
˶֪Ҫˡ
ٻȥ顣
⻹úܴһ˷֣ǵͬ־Ȼûɼҡ
//Ƕ˺ôһɼҺãɼ˾ء
ﻹҪշǮûܡ
ʾԼ׼߰ƣǮƣⲻǷԷǮˡ
ڵ⼸ܹĹֵˣͺܸмˡ
//ǵģڣ⡣
ЦǶ롣
//Цŵͷ
Щ塣
ǿŽ//ǣеһѾ
ΪڣǺܶ͵ҽ//
Ǯġ
λǽһϸ¡
׼ռͽˣϵԪ顣
ǻڶʮ¶š
ȻǶõģɹڽǰûţһֶԷǲӻĴ
Ȼ֪Բᷢ¶
׼Ȼռ͡
ڶճţԪվſڳߵˡ
۾һôˣ
ҪˣȻҪһȥ
ԪЦţϲݹ˷ϲ¾ˬģ


371 371
Ԫʵ֤ġ
Ϊ֤ҪһĻڵء
Ŀǰں, ֤ҲҪߡ
ԭԪæܲһˣ׼֮ݻٵʱġ
ԪȲˣ, ȥ֮ǰ, ˾ȥڵ֤ˡ
ԪϲǶ׼, һ·Ͼȥ, һ
ΪǸֵ֤ͬ־, һϵر죬һ͸ˡ
ʳ¯Ľ֤, Ԫ鶼ЩûӦ
ƺ, ô˾ͳɷϿɵķˡ
ǹԱ˵ף, ˲ŻȻ, һ˽ӹһŽ֤л֮ϸĿ
ͽںǸҷϲǡ
, Ѿѽ֤˺üˣ϶ϲá
Ԫ뾡ص, ЦѹҲѹס, Ц
ҲЦ¶һڰ, ͽˣ
ţˣԪ϶شȻ֤˭ܡ
ûȥ档
, ˰, Ͳ, ʱõ
Ԫ, Ҹ칫һǷҲŸչ񡣡
ˣ˭͵ѽ
ԷһԪǽ֤
棬ҲʧǵͷͬˡòϣԪͬ־һЩҲǸһЩ
ԪҲûŻȥ̧ϲǣΰŷַŵͬ־ôմմϲ
ǺǣֵĲˡϲܿ죬лĹԱϲǡһӶţǣ۵óϣĽˡ
Ȼ֤ɴ˵еĶҹҲûеģ͵ȥ
Ԫ鰲ţһ·Ͳòˣĸһϳ
һ£ôҲǰ˵һһΪӻˡλȥôء
ôӻ飿ԪЦҲҡ
ǲһǲ밡
Ȼǲ롣һʱı⣬Զǰк͵͵Ĺ㡣Ҫǲͬ⣬ҾͰߡ
Цˣ֤¶Ŀˡ
ԪЦˣʵӰ㹤ǰӰ㣬û˵
Цһ£˿Ҷ˼ˡԺ֮䲻ڴŲŵġʵҶû𡣡
ԪĿڣһĿڱӡ
ǵֱ֡
ɰͽĿɿڴġ
һ벻صԪҲֵȥ˿ġ
һ벻ƽʱʮйҲЦСϸ˵ҲܳһСˡ
̳˵Ԫүүȥռ͵¶
Ԫ֪˵ˡȻҺ鲢׽ҵĳȥ׸ʽ
ЦҲںǵĸĸǲҲ˫ͥףһˣ
Ȼ㡣ǾǱףһԡԪЦ⡣
üȻѾˣҲбҪԪ֪ͥľìܡ
Ժ֪ô˫Ĺϵ
򵥵˵һ£ܽᣬҾҺǿûԵ֣ҲѾ״ʵô֮Ҳ֣ĸĸֻеһ֡һֻᾭܶС
Ԫ֮ĵۡ
һ뷨ĸϹϹõ񣬾Ȼ۰
ȥܿࡣ
ûоǸ£ǻع֮Ҳ˵һЩģر֪Ϊ˻سֵһ飬Ҳ˵ġ
ɼ֪¹ж಻ãرŮ֪ࡣռͣԼб£Զٿͷ˵׼
£ôܷȥ
ס֣Ժ㡣
Цˣʲôأҿɲ߿ࡣֻǸҼìܣֲȱҼôء
Ԫ΢ЦǣҸȱҪమҡ
ȵ򴽣ˣʲô˵óˡ
˵ģСʱܲҵġɵĽԼ¶Ҳ˵ˡ
Сûĸף׶Ųʣүү˽ӽӵһСսս֮Σءĸֵܵ¶ֻδᡣ
֪ΪʲôԪĸˡ
֮£ԪȷʵѶˡ
ۣҲ֪ԼĸĸǰԼġȻҲ뿪ˡ
ԺҶáŵ
ԪЦˣüͷллҺá
ռߣվǿΪȥμӻ¶׼
⼸ְ꣬񲻱֮⣬˸涼˺ܴı仯
ͷʼˣҲʼɣˡ
⼸꣬ƺϵĸĿ졣
Ϊ࣬Ϊͥ¡
Ժ⼸½½ߵĻһˡҷչ仯죬ͺܶ࣬ܶˣҲкܶˡ
ֻռһͣԭء
վǿְܶû䶯ˣ⼸ЩսսԼĲã˸ˡ
ǰָԼϢĶܹӰ࣬Ҳˣ˳ϢˣҲݡ
Լӻ
ٻũҵֱ浱С쵼Ϊûɼ˸ˣһֱûȥʮˣҲûָˡ
ʧСôĴѧ뵥λҲ磬Ҳû쵼ˡ
ڻֻһԱһǵͼԱ궼û
ڵλÿ궼ѧЩѧ֪ʶӲûĻˡ
ûϢλֵķСǰȥһʱְˡϱҲ֡
ҲʱԹԣֵĲӣûúýǣڱȱ˲
ͥì̫࣬վǿǳģҲġ˯ž
ƫƫ֣˵ТӣŮҶܻء
⼸꣬Ȼ˯һӣһŴϣͷ˱ѣƽʱҲ˵˵ͳܡ
ϼҺ˵Ҫ飬ǲμӻǶһ̸
˵뷨ǣȥ϶ҪȥġϾԼŮȻߵļˡҪǲȥô˵ǣ
վǿڿ϶ǺڵġرûϢ֮Ǻڵƫˡ
Ȼ֪СŮôǾҵģܲ
վǿڣ⼸Ǳϱֵᡣ
ÿʱرڣڵûжάԼŮΪֺվǿӺãڼ
ʱҲ߶
߶Ҳ̾
ǲμӻҲǸ͹ϵĻᡣ²ͣҲˡ
ΪҪϼңվǿ˼ǶЩȥͷҲҪװĺõ㡣
׼ױ
Щ᲻ãǺڣҲ֪ˡҪȻŮҲߵô
ȻˣδָϹŮˣǮԼ
һҲڻ񳤳ùŮ֪иǿңȺռҪá
˱Ųͬ뷨׼һЩױ
ΪãǾ׼ֱΣһֽ
ţЩױ£Ǻõóֵġ


372 372
һ³, ԪүӰŵˡ
ԪүڻʡһֱţǰϱӲТ˳иТ˳ϱҲáϱ൱ϲġ
, ֱӻռȥԪ
Ϊѡ
Ц, ӹҿɱ֡ΰϲ, Ҳүӳ, ԺҪ, Ųŷʡ
Ԫšü֤, , ҪöˣҵȻǺһġ
ԪСӵҲЦˡҲϵ, Ϊѡ֪ҺáΪί
üܸίܵˣû
ȥԪʡǹõķӡ
ҲС¥ȻѾι, һЩϲϲ, ȻΪ鵱鷿õġ
Ԫүڼˣǻ, Цݡ
Сˣżһˡ
һүү
ԪүӸ˻ˡ
ֱ˵Т˳, ԪѧѧĿԪ鼸ۡ
ÿЦ˵Ҿͽһүү˵Т˳, ô, һ¾͸ȥˣɲ۸
Ԫүӱҭһ¡ȻЦ, Ҳһˡ춼ˡ
Һ, һˡ
ûһϱĺ˼ҡԪүӵĹϵԪڵġ֮⣬һİ˼Ҷѡ
λ˼Ԫɹ˺ĸ黹һҡ
Ҳϳүүˣﲻ׽ԪԿ
ү˵˻
һЩڶԽ
ⷽ棬ǻЩÿһˣֵ˾塣׼ˣֻ׼ƽԴϵһ˼ҵ̬ȣžС
Ԫү֮󣬾Ͷ㻹ûؼҰɣҸ׼ϣϲ
Ҳ¶沵˼ҵӣЦ͵Ҷϲ
ԪҴһԪͱһ绰鷿ȥˡ
ԪүӼˣͿԿĿȻ̾Ԫ˵˼ɡ
˵ˡ
Ԫү֪̾¶ȷʵǶȥˣһϣܹ¡һˣġ֪ǸùȰʹˣϣͥТ˳֪Ԫӣϱˣָϱеһ¡
ҡͷүүʵˡԪ鲻ҪȰѾˡ
Ԫүһ㶣һǡ
ͷˣֻΪҪ˶ѡЩǰǺҪҪġǵǳ֮󣬽ľϰˣҲҪˡӲҲܲˣΪѾˣҪˡ
ԪүӳĬţǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һֱΪӻǼǺŵ顣ԲŻԡ鲻áҲͼԹ
ôǵүүǲıʵ
Ҳ˶ѡʵþЩÿͥһź˼Ҽɹͬҳ꣬ʵҲܺˡҲҪѾԼĶϣԼȥ棬ɷɣúõҲͦõġ
ԪүͻȻйһģ֪˵ʲôˡĬĬص˵ͷ
Ԫ鷿ʱҪȥˡȥ׼
ԪҲ׼ȥռͿȱʲôϽϡȻ׶Ҫ죬ռβҪġ
Ͼ˿϶ףǵġ
ɺܶࡣ
ʲôûģ֤ϯͣ󶴷OKˡ
ûɶýġǹ򣬲Ϣ졣
ʵԣϲδν飬ԼɹһȥΣȫһˡ
ϧڲУҲס
Ϊûͼ˵ʲôʱҲûӣֱӿصռ͡
һûǴˡ
ռ͵·֮ǰˮ·޳·Ա߻̻ӿڵĳҲˣ̨Χͺͳ﹫԰ַ羰һ
Ա߻ʯӣǱ֯ë£ˣ˿һۣȻͿڳˣ߸˵ռȥ£
ܿ죬ռһܳˣд˼Ҳˡ
Ԫ齫ͣռռſڵʱ򣬳涼վ˺öˡ
³ЦŵǸɶһξ´ζһˡ
ⲻǶϡҪˣ
̸˵ԼŮ֣Ԫ֣õһ԰
Ԫ麱΢΢ˡȻЦ
˵Ĵӵ£һ˽ռҵĴԺ档
ԺˣҲʯʯӣСֻ̳̳߲ˡ
Ŵµģˣͦйɫζ
֪⻹Ǯˡ
̴ֵռˣ͸ϽöϱϱȥԵĸ˳ԣԶ϶ˡ
ãʡǳԹˡȥԪүүˡ
Ӵȥ׼ˣǸȥġүͦõġԶĹءȫ
ȥóӣκУһ̵ܵγˮӣһǴӡ
һ
үҲرҶϴ˽ָҲ˸ӡҪУ˵ҪǲϲСԪѰ˼Ӹ㵱ױ޹ȥˣʱӺʯͷ㡣
һ䣬ɶʯͷ䣬ʶҲ֪Ʒʲһ ⲻص㣬صԪүүǸɶģڵ
ֹ̣үүҲյˣһˡүҲûҲǷźˣ׼޵ġȻʶҲ֪ⶫ϶ˡռ˼ҵıˣǱż˿ˡҲһ͵ˣںЩ֮⣬ǻó⼸ܵȫǮѹ׵Ǯ
ҲմöҲֱӣ֮Ҳ˼ˡû׼ҪҲԼҲֻˣҲûŮЩ
ǮԼȥҲģҪ̰ͼ˵Ķż˾̰ġ
ḻʱռ˶Եø
Щﶼ׼ޣԪһϵıʾЩҪޣǼ׼ģʱ䣬үүæ׼ġ
ҲﶼͳˣٻȥҲÿû¶Ժ׬ġԺҲԪ⣬Ǯ׬ɡ
̵ǣǵʱҲү׼öⶫͦɡ˵ܹҾ͵˲ÿ
ԪЦ̣Ƕһˣġ
ҪռǼ޹ŮۼҲͼɶϣǴá
ԪЦẉ̂ұ֤һһãͷİɡ
Ҿ֪СԪǸʵˡãۼҲãǼҸƸȫȥۻױʮе
˵ŴһӣүүȥǸӳ
ǵԪүƸƸ
ʱ֮û˿ԼҲûĶڼң˲׼յĺúõģȥ˸
ͳԿ׾ʹˡ
Ҳ뵱Ԫ̬ǼҸĶء
ۼҲͼȫȥ
ռ˶Χ˹̶һȥˣôɶأ
Ӵ򿪣Ǽļӡ
Ԫ飬ʲôѽ
Ԫⲻ׼ģ׼ǽصϰ׵ġҲҸ̫Ƹ̫࣬ˡǿˡĶ࣬ԺҪΪǸ߼ޡȻʵǣ¼ˡ
̵Ŷ׼ЩڲֿأŵĺúõģʱҲȥ
ʹЩļ
һ򿪣ļҲз֤
һ˸֤ļ
ֱ֤ۣؼǰļ
Ԫɨһ۾֪ʲôˣүүԪĹɷݣռٷ֮ʮתٷ֮ʮ⻹Ͷʵıҵɷݶˡ
ֻ֡
Ͻװȥˡ
̵ǶǲǾǷֺ찡СҲϧתҼ񣬷ǵﻧڡԭǹ˾ת
˵ŵ
Ϊѵץͷ
ǹأ˭Ҳߺţ
ԭү˵ﰡ
治ܽܡ
ռ˶ԹɷݲȤǶйɷݵˣȻ˹ɷݺͱ˹ɷǲһġǺǷ֤ӡ
񷭿һ£׶һЩϷһء
̵ô෿ӣס𣿡
һľĽ֤װļȻӡ
һ򿪣Ϲۡ
βռ۾εˡ
Сȫǽ
̵ѹôһӡ治Ӱ


373 373
ԪүʵѾܵ͵ˡ
ΪԪ鶣, ջʡĵϰҪ̫ˡ
ԪүӾţԪ˾ϱ, ôܼ򼸸, ʲôϴ», ӻ, ò֡
ҪԪҪ, ׼ŵ죬̧Ƹŵġ
үӲô, ̫, ֻ׼˷Ӻ͵һЩɷݡ͵͵Ԫ׼ЩƸһ
ӽ, ͵õóֵĶˡ
Ϊ̫͵ˣŵ죬˾ֻעԪ׼Щ
ӿ, ռ˲֪, үôֱʰ
ĬĬӣ̵ֱˡֻүӿǹʵڵġ
ЩաһҲүҪ顣һΪһڵ, Ҳòš
û˵ֻ׼֮, Ԫ˽ү˵
ôͥڵİү͵ﻹȥͦӵġ
ѹɽүӸϽӰ᷿ȥżһ, ۾ջȥ, ɶ
ռ˶ЦЦ, û˵ֻٺЦ, ̣ۿˣ֪øۼ׼ɶļױ𣿡
˵ĺһ
̵
޿϶Ȳ˵ģҲܲһص
Ԫұȸ֪ȲˣҲ֪Լܣ׼̫
ʵ㣬
Ҳ˿ȣʾȱ˵©죬ȶˣһϲ
Űסˡ
ǲ׼ʲôģŻԼͷ׼ôǮҲ̫ˡ
ԪȻ˶ҲҪߵģΪ˻ױء
ôһ룬еˡ
һȥԪ׼Ľȫǵϴ»ʵ磬䣬ȡֻҪ͵йصĶС
⻹Ԫ˴ģ˵нԪ׼ˡ٣Ͷ׼˼򵽵Ķˡ˸ȫס
ԪүЩʱռͻֵͦġ
Ͼռ͵ȻԣˣҲǼҼһ䱸ôǵҲô򵽵ġ
Щڲֿĺúõģܳ滹ľ̨ӡ
ЩˣԪЦһ¡㻹ͦ
Ԫһ棬ס
Щаˣý鵱죬乫˾복ӣֱһȥԪڻߵķӡ
ԪʾﶼУȥҲûطţǷռ͵ġԺҲҪ
֪ǲռˣ͵̣̫ƽˣԵú۲ˡҪסýҾͲ˵ģסôԶ복ߣ¶㲻ٻˡ
̸ϽĳɰҾ㶫ߡ
ûۡ
ǲԶԺͷӲˣ˭񰡡
ڿСԪĶã;żҲǿסġ˭֪СԪɶʱͱˡǮ˼ҵү˼ܻġ
ЦͦˣƽʱҲòϣڼһáԺһҲ㡣ÿλֺˣؿġ
ô˵ˣҲû˵ɶˣˣԺҪֺġԺҪǮ
ΪĹأԪҲûռҹҹˡռ׼ܺãҪġ
ҲҪʡǱ߿ʲô
ߵĻЦŵ㡣Ǽҡ
Цŵͷ
ԪˣռҵŮͬ־ǾͰȥˡ
֮ǰԪҲ㣬ˣԼ׼Ķ
°ó׼ĽΣɩɺͶɩ͵·Ҷ׼ֱ
̿ЩһȻóԼ׼ѹ׵ĺû׼Ҵţø׼Ǯ쾭¶˭Ҫ˵ãǾûġ
˵СɶǶ֪
°ѾϰԼ˵ˣûϱҲû˵Ҷ̣ɶû˵أ˵ˡ
̵һۣզˣһ˵ˣⲻ𣿡
ڳļˣ
̴Ǻ첼һǮġ
ҶǿԲ۾
ǵĽʣǾȣ̫̫Ȼô
Ǯ治٣ǧˡ
̺үүЩܵġ֮ǰ׬һǮͶʵʱȫͶˣȻÿֺ죬طֵǮǮ治١ũ壬סҲʲôǮǮˡ
۾ˡ
ȻǮܴ飬һԸԼܵǮʱͲҪȥĸˡ
ûˡ
˼ҵһƬ⣬ȻܾԺڣЩǮһͻȥԼ
̶ãԺզر㰡ҶûТ˳㡣
ӻҪզТ˳һ͵ˡЦ۾ˡǮһ㶼ûۡ
Ȼ󻹵ĿԼĶϱϱŮĳ־ǲһġ
°û˵ɶֻЦЦܸ̫̫֮ܲЩصΪǮȥĶ˰ɡǿǺö
һѾսˣ˾һȥʡᳵˡ
ϾǻˡøϽѸ
ЩСϾǼһôصĶص˼˵Ĵ
ս񣬻ҶЩƽģв壬ǳǮġ
򳵵¶ģΪ˶ǮţǮҲûá񵱸ɲҲɶԪǱҲǮġǮҲš
ҸǮޣ˿
һȫʶˣ֪СҲҲ㹺ˡ׬˴ǮˣȥСˡ
СҲɹ񳵡뵽һ
ϡ氡ִ޾ͷһݣؼõϰ
ƽʱù񳵣Ҫ˽Ǯȥġ鷳ÿ
ҪԼĳˣƽʱ칫ù˽Լĳ෽㰡
򳵵¶Ͷˡ
һСüءǲǮ
ǸҸԣҲòһս˵ԸǮһҲû
˭ģǶƽʱҲա٣Ժ˾͸ûˡ޵˼ҲãԺҲĲɶζǮֹޡ
Ƕ°ҲûģӹŮڶԴвҲ룬ϲǮҲС
˵Ǽҵǲͬġû񣬾û°õҲûĳϢŮҸ
ɩӾ͸˵ˣ˵ǮսմöǮóˡҲҪһӡ
ʹˣȥ˳
ڶ죬һͳˡ
񻹲֪¶ȥСתһȦ
Сˡ֮ǰ񻮵Ĺҵȫռˡ
ҲΪɶռôԣԭ
ʵС췢չ̫ˡ˼ʵĻԪҵŶӸ˿ܡٶȼֱ
ԭֻ͵С죬ֻҪǳԵģֳ˺ö ֹ˾鲼ȫ
ռͼҼһڳﵱˣȻзֺ죬ҲǮɽֹ԰ҲǮ
⸻ԣ̶ȣɱȻҪ༸Ρ
ҽƶУȻһ򣬶һǺܸԣĳ
ܰοȻ뿪˶ΪŬ
Ц˺öѧռͿȥĴѧˡ½Ҳ˿ϣ׼Ҫġ㵱ĽܳɹҺţҪ㵱ӽСҲչôá
ҲܺãټڣҲұ֤úáǹûԺ󰡣Ҫҡ
Цҡͷ²УÿԱˣѵĻǶҪһСʷʷҪĽɫء
񣺡
Ϊǻˣ磬ռ͵ĸŮͬ־ǾԷռҵĴԺæ׼ʰӡһЩպõͬ־ȥСʳáΪϯСʳ죬ǵǰ׼
æ֣һŴ컨ɫСγռͣ͡ռſڡ
ȻռҲֳӣСÿ춼й⳵ոµȻռˡ
Ҹ˵С乫ˣ
һڣɶǸ׼ļױ
һ˾ˡ
Сγ


374 374
ռҸһС¶, ռһ䶯
ռͼԣˣһС˵ҲңɼģǼҼһڶһг
ΪռбĹ, ѹûС
ռ䲻ĸһС, ЩֳԾ־ʡ
ҲʼĥԺԼǮ, ǲҲŪһС
ϢСܹʱ, Ѿ˲Χסˡ
ڸ̸۵Ľ򳵵ļԼ⳵εĺáôǼӡ
ռ˶һٺԺӡ
Ϊ, ܹ׼, 㣬й⡣
үү̶Ц۵ġ
ڱһֱ, ӣ˵˵һǮõġ
ԩ, , ⻹ð⹻ǮǸѹܲӡ
ҲеȻ˷ܵĿųС
ռˣǸ⳵һԶҲҿ˿¸仵ˡ
չͺڵСţܺȥǹõļױ, Ū˲
Ⱥ漷˽, ҿ, ҲԶһ·˳Ľ, Ȼ⳵ӳԾˡ
ҶźЦ, զϲ
ǣǡ⣬ǲҲ̫Ʒˡ
ѽСʮС
ͷĦгһ˼õġֱӸСˡ
Ǯ׬ӾôһΣûӣöһҪհ⳵˲ˣҽġҪ㲻գĲҡͷҪ޶ծˡ
սһ࣬ȷʵǵģҪ㲻ϲǾ鷳
ҲҲô׼ġ
вĵҾ֪϶Ǹ׵ġǻġ
ҶҲҶûԴأ㻹ɶúýžͳˣ۲һ𣿸׼ױ㻹ҪٲҪҵÿʼˡ
̵ƨзֺ죬һһѡһ˫Ь㻹ᣡ
Ҷ
ռ͵ҲȰˣɶǶԸء
ɱǿľǮˡ˺滹׬ء
°ҲЦŵ£һզǼˡҲԪ˿ռҲġ
ǣռ͵ĳġ˻طֺ죬йɷݷֺ죬ɶûء۴󹦳ռ͵ǵ
˿ҲǾ⻰еӶбˡرռ͵Ůǿɶǵʮأûһż˿ġƫƫɲȻŹʵɲģ϶ߡ
ƫƫһлģһĹûɶôҲöһġ
˵񣬡¶Ҳ˵Ҳݹϵءһյ㣬õİ
񣺡ݸ̫ԶˣɲǵģҪȻҪ
ȥģˡ˸һȭͷ
Цˡ
ǣ֪˵ɶˣûǸԼ׼ʲôױҲûռǷԼġ
ҲǱռңкķչռ˹ãҲΪϣһϣ߶ϺȵġȻദʱ䳤ˣҲˣҲִ֪磬֪Ҫ˼Ҹġ
һ϶ˡ
ǸʵˣϲǮ顣
ǰԼΪģĶܻɶ
ЦҾͲˣллǡرϲԺʱ䳤ˣ⳵ûˣҲỻҪڲֿ汣ļױ

سվǿҲ糾͵ĵˡ
˵Ҳ˸صдͰԼʰģȻԥҪҪǰȥռͿϾҪˡ
ȻӦǰȥﶼЩܡ
վǿԼҲ飬ռ͵ˣ治ϣһӶҪ
Ҳȥݣûʲô飬֪Է˸ѧӣԼҺû˼гϢ
ҲַˣҲúܶȥһռ£涼ҲǱ߳ǰȥˣû׼ҪǱ߹ҹ
֮˾ˣǰȥһȥѼױٺϲƣȻ
ҲúǱߵʳ
վǿ֪Ҫǰ׼Ϣһȥϴȥռ͵·ߡ
˸·ϲֵģ
˴֮һǮˣžˣʿշѹ󻹲֡
ֵʦһȥռ͵ģͦ棬ȥɶġ
˰ҲȥС̸ģ⼸١
վǿǣȥϲƵģҼҡҼǱߡ
ӴǼһռ͵ݰˡզûռء
վǿû˵ֻ·ߡô
ʵҪǲżҲȥռÿ춼гһֻˣøϲС
վǿһʵֱӵռ͵ģ
ǱֱӵռͰǾռ͵ĳ㹤˳ģǲǺռͰ
վǿĲɵЩûˡ
ѹ㲻֪ˣռͿɺǰһˡҪЩ갡˵ɶҲҪȥġ
ֳʦźĸп
վǿȴԼĶռ͵ӡˡ
϶ǵطûӡˣԼĻǻ˵ģõġÿƼݡ
Ȼ֪ռ˱ֽòƷıˡ
Ҳܺõȥ΢õ㣬ǰôˡ
ʦƺֱĻҪõ㡣
ӻдȥռͺϲƣռ͵ռѾʼ߶ˡ
̶̲סˣ˵˲񻰣ϵٲãҲǸ˵ġȻӦҪ׼ɶǰʾҲá
ҪϲˣȻɶǲ˰ɡ
νỌ̇̄ͲˣôˣԪҸҿң˵ˣҿгˡһ
ռҲЦˣø׼⳵̫ȷˣˡ
ҲʾͲռˣ񵱵Ҳɡ͵ԼҼ޵ڶŮˡ
үүòǣҺ軹ء

Цɣôۣϡġǧ
ҲŲأϲӡҾϰˣӲվǿ˸ûꡣҪ׵ĸһڵģʮ˴ˡ
ôһ⣬ռ˵ҲվǿˡϿʼæˡ
æżϲûȥʳǱ߿˶׼զʦ춼λû
ȥ³ûУױҪߵġ
æתڷ·
·ζԪҰŵĻױʦġ
ǽϲ׼˼ס
Ȼа׻ɴѡ˸ŷϲͮͮĺϲ졣
Ϊ֪Ҫ飬˼µͷôܹһˡ
ɩӺͽ㶼װ̷Żױʦױ
ƯױҶǶˡ
ΪƽʱӺ̫ǿһֱ񳤵Ķÿ
ڵһֱԼӳôÿ
ŮһҶ
ɺ඼æͷ
ױʦȻƯŮԲ٣Ҳ޵ˣŵʼֱˡر۾ˮ󣬵ȴΪԲԵйһ
Ҳǫ飬Ǽѿ𣿽ʱӾҪÿ
ҶЦ治ˡ
š
ѡ·ױЩױʦ뿪ˡ
ҶڷڻСֲᡣ񲻶
񣺡
̸˵Ļʱ򣬼Ժűˡ
ΪǴ˹æģľܹȥˣһסˣϲĺ
⣬ųëģѧͷ۾ϻŸ۾Цºͣ磬һûٵɡ
СӣûٵһѰȻţ
һռˡ
ûˣѧһͳˣѧҵҲûǱ߶С֮˵ҪżҲ绰١
¶Ҳǰ绰ʱһ졣
Ҳûָܻ
û뵽Ȼˡ
°Ŀżû仯󣬳ԸֳϢӵĶӣʱ۵һˣһѱסԼĶӡɻˣ


375 375
Ĺ, ռ˼ˣ˫ϲţϲϼϲ
Ǵʱ, ڰԼ, ̧ͷˣЦ, , һˡ
Ҳĺ۾
ռңү֮, ϲľɵܵˡ
ɶµĵ͡
ر
ʵզҲǰ˵һ, Щڹզ
ҶҲչŵܵܿ, Ӵ仯̫ˣҶûϳ˵ֻȥ, զһֱûһ˸ϱ˵Ůˡ
°, Ϲ˵, ܵܲˡ
Ҳ±, ץԴ, ûУҲ˵, ѧϰ
֮ǰǺŵ, ѧɹ
ҲֻΪѧ˾ѧˡɿѧֶ, ԽѧԽԼԶ·ôѧڵѧУ, ѧΧŨ, ӢƼȫ˵֪ʶͼ豸
Ƕ·ǽ֪ʶĺ棬ˡ
ÿһ죬ûһʱÿһ̣ŬĻ֪ʶŻѵãѧ㣬ٶѧ㡣ѧԽ࣬ع׾Խ
ҪЩ֪ʶȫԼ
ȻΪԼ̰ģһֱӻ˹ʱ䡣
һλҲ׼ġʵ̫̫ˡøԽ绰ʱ˵Ҫ¶
ԼǰĳŵԼôûȥû׼Ϊأ¾ĻǻعһˡҲڹоڻЩ֪ʶѧѾԶԹҪˣ¡Լͼȥѧϰ
˵ԼЩľԼ˼ϵı仯ռ˶Ľζġ
˵Ļ϶Ǻ¶¶û˵
繫ѳķֻڱƽ׶Σķþûˡ
Լڹѧüݹ׬ġԻ˻ЩӣҹҲѣĹࡣ۸
Щû˵
Գ˽һЩģû˵ҲǲµһЩˡ
ҲãδѧϰءڹɼˣδҲѧ֮ʣʱ򡣡
°ɱˣԼҺá
ٺЦСӣûҸ˵Ůְף۾󡣡
˿ȣʱˣ˵ģҿɲţ
Ҳһۣ鶼ŵôڹ飬Ҫعˡ
ͳﻹҸŮԡϾҪΪеģԾŮԻ롣
ҲһۣǲŵôˣӻҪ˵û湻
ˣ̣̫æˡ
æŸȫ׬Ǯ
̵ǣУҲϡô࣬Ҳûָһ
ճӵвģ
ϽһƨģףȻûָϣⲻһŮТ˳үү
үүҲͬ⻰ȷʵҪȻզĺúء
°ľӣ
żճӣ̲סЦůģƯһģ̤ʵˡ

ʮ¶죬ûռ;ˡ
ҼһƽʱˣЩ˶ԾռҰæӱȥҹڵ档
ڵǱΣҪ𽫹øһ⡣Χһ⡣
ùøΪһ£ùø˳˳İѹýߣɷˡ
ĵϱ곤Ƕϴӣϴˡ
ĴС︺ļױ̧ԺڷźãԪЩȻôߣǽӵðɹ̫
ռǸõþҲԺӡ裬Ͱˮޱס
˺üӡ
ЩҪߵġ
ȻĻɫСγҲ˴컨ϲˡ
ױС￪ȵ˾
ڴæʱվǿҲ˳ȥռ͵ĳר
⳵СģרŽ﹤°ġ
һҲռ͡
ﶼڸ˵̸Žռ͵Ĵϲ¶˵С촴ʼͬ־ҪˡӶּˡ
ϧǶӡ
ֻռ͵ˡλͬ־Ǹɲֽϲ£Ҳֻϵѡ
վǿ㱵жľ塣
ζĪ
ȳӽ˺Ȼֽռ͵Ĵ֮վǿŴ۾ֱˡ
Ҳȱ·̻Ҳܽ
̻·ռ̫ͣˡ
Ȼһ·ռͣռڲҲˡ
һĺԺ·ӡûһƾɵķӡ·޵ĺ롣
Сվ
߼·ܿ·޵ЩΡ
һ·ˣĹװͷ͹ˮġŮͬ־ſں컯ױһ㶼ũӡ
һЩûװģҲ·
ҲǻɣռҲǶ··Ҳǽ첻һ飬ǾͶ·ˡզҲҪӳ
ûеƼݣӪ
Ҳûݡ
ʰĸɸɾġ
˵Цһϲ
ǲžϸˮƽȴˡһȳ˿ɡ
ٿûɶѹ
վǿӲͷƤȥвļҵλá
˼һǲǺϲƵġ
վǿͷ
Żͦġ֣׼ȥֵ
վǿͷû˵
ʹռȥܲÿ·
·ϸ죬˶һˣ̸Ž껹ͶͶʣʾҪͶʣһҪͶ
˵ˣʹˣʺϸɻˡᷢһϽԺ󲻸ɻҲǮǮɶͶء
ҲһҲϽҲʮ尡ͲҸɹ԰Ļˣ˵ϡ
ˣ˱Եģõ¶
ռҵʱֵˡ
ʮָ߼úڵ͹ȥڿţӭ׵Ĺ˸Ͻš
ܿӳռҴԺ
λվǿϴүԺӾ͵ϲˣȻ˵пˡ
̧һͿˡ
ѪԵϵͦ棬̫̫һ۾֪ԼǸ̳ȥĶˡ
ԭ̫̫Լӿ϶ܼܻȻȫû뷨
Ѿˣʵ̫ˡ
ͳвĺһвİӻˣϱдһ¡
вæдĿء⻰̵ֶ˶
ԺҲ˹
˶֪ǺģһԵ衣
ƺٺǱϵҲ½һЩͥЩš壬ƫۡˣ͸ɴúùˡҲͺٻؼҡ
վǿˣӶ޲ȥˣ⵽ɶˣôĹŮôϡ
վǿΪԼˣҲᱻĽӴһ¡
ͺ˸ͨһѹûʲô˴ǡ
вҲǹ˸̣ó°ȥҸλ˳ȥ֪ͨһ
˲ѧΡͷų°ӡ·ֿԺѷŵļױرЩ۾ɴˡȻӦòռ׼ģӦз׼ġżðЩ
ԼѾ·ױˣںҶ졣
֮󣬾ʹлϾ˼ҴԶĹӡȥ˹·ˣȥԺ
Ҷر⻹СǵõվǿùͷƿӺˮ¶Ͳȥʱίܡ
һ£¶˵
Ҷû˵ˡ
ЦЦۼأɶ
˳ȥȥλȥ
վǿУûˣ˼Ǹտϴѧꡣ
Ǹϴѧģ
Цŵͷҽ
վǿͷվ߱ʣĸλ
ջعûŵλ
վǿԣһ⻹ǳ˵ġ
ϸ˼ɣ˶ʱ˵ˡ
ҲûɫϾ˵֮ʵҲûìˡǸͨˡδǳԼǷϷѡҪʱҲһ¸ĸĽɫ
μҪĸĳϡ
վǿԭΪԼۣܵͦдǵллǴԶ
վǿһɣеᡣ
ϽҺָ׼һױ
ЦŵҪ治ҪǲǷҵġҲǷǵġЩͲҪˡ
ŮӼˣױ¶
Уﶼ׼ܶˡ
վǿţǾٺùϵҲף׼١
ԺǶˣҲµз׼ġ
ҲµзĽ
Ů˼ˣûǮС
ǮҲҪǸĶҲֻһ㣬ñ˲²ʲôϣǲҪᣬҲõʲôҲлԸһˡ
⻰һȥһ֪Լոˣ˶û˵ˡ
ţˡ
ȥţü˽Ϊ׵գһϲ뱧񣬡㣬֣
ЦһӲм֮ǰռͳȥ֪ࡣ
Ҳˣ񵱳Сϡ
ԶϹġ
һ࣬Ҳ˲ˡվǿʹˡ
⣬ԺϲӣвЦķк˵ӣһɬ
ǲˣŮĸĸȴֻͬһһվ￴֡
°֪ҪǰλǻҪλأǳˣָˣ˲дǡԽдϸԽòζĳһˡ
ռ͵Ĺס
֮ɹٺﶼҪ߳ԾϯϯȥзǱߡ
ԼĪʮʱ򣬴Զˣźڵ͹һȺܻˣˣɹ
ԭֵ˶վ
ЩæԺţ׼Ϊһɹ١
̺ţ̫ˣ˼˼ˡǿŮء


376 376
Ԫκʱ򶼽, һ·󱳶˺ˡ
·ϻ͸һӭ׵Ļϵ˽ߵĽ̺ϰף֤Լ
Ҳ֪жڡ
Ҳ׼, ʲôΪѵ鶼ҪȻܡ⵱˶ԼĿ顣
Щϵؽ˻˵Ļ, ûΪѹŮǺŮ
, űϵ, Ԫûż˵Цˡ
ֺ, ̺˱̫ˣѾͲܲˡ
Ԫȱ̬, Ժ˭ܼ, ˭ģȨ˭˭ɡ
ʵŮͬ־, ϶Ůͬ־ɵĶģý鵱, ǵ˵ٻ
Ԫ, ڶԽϸ, شҲ, ģһ, ȨԸܾ͸ܣķ
ش, ˺һЦ, ˵ϸ񡣲
ҶЦľͰ⻰, ôôʵ, ˵ѻᡣ
Ҳ̲סЦƽʱͦġǶϡ
Ҷᡣ
Ҳ̲סԪ飬ǵ˾ˣ̫Ϊˡ
ܲˡҶϽܳȥˡ
Ԫ˵˵͹ˣ˵ٻɶôϾˡ
ɼҲɰС¶¶ϱģǽûһŲǶԵġ
£̣ѱˡ
ɶŮҰ쾭塣˭ˣ
ԪҲЩˣȻҶţ˵ˣ̫Ϊɹ٣ء
һЦˡ
ԪҲˣԭЩżҲЦݡ
һģΪôһ£̺ӰæҲٳˣǽ·Ǯܽ
߾͵أ˵ŷ
Ժǽˣ
ССĺԺӡ
һǵһξֺ꣬һӾͱЩˣϽš
رǺǣ˺֮󣬾ȥԵġһһѽʮŴŽᡣ
ռ͵˲ǮҲˡһ˶ٰԺӶء
۵ĲˡǮҲô찡ֺܸˣҲӡ˵Ԫ˿Ů
վǿԶԶĿɹ١ҲʶԪ飬֮Ҳû˺˵ɹ˭ֻ˵ģĻͦá
һʱʳڣһǾӢſҪ㡣
һҲΪԼŮҵôһˣһҲʧ䡣
ŮҲܺ׽
ӭ׵˺ˣ·ˣרŵ˸𷢺һ·﷿ſڡ
ǹŵġ
ҶϲƵŮ֪඼
պҶеԪԳš
ûһٸýš
űѧͲãȻұһͨʮͺһˣɵŮǸһٸˡ
ʱ϶ˡ
ҶǶˣʵΪŻһɹ٣ûô⻹ʵϰ
վ̾㰡զôһʵϵĶ󰡣Ǽʵϡ
ţǼŲʵءΪʵ¡
Ҷǻ׼˼ĿģԪʵϵжˣҲҪˣˣֻøš
ŷһ򿪣һѺ
ҶյҪǮҰоã
Ϊɩû֣Ͻ߹ȥŸˡӭ׵ĵͦأû˵һѷ洳ˣһʮߡ
ԪžͿڴϵˡ
죬ֱ۾ˡ
һİǸһ۵ĺ
ЦʲôЬ۵óˡ
һѺյԶԶԣЬ˻ҪɲɰոôษԳš
ţ
Ԫ˿ڿˮȻصͷ
һһ߹ǰߵЬϡ
رϲֽϰס
Ь֮󣬼ľͰˣϵˣҲˡ
ԪЦǻؼҡǵļҡ
Цһ
ӴԺ˶мˣԼļҡ
ӳţԪո긩Գŵֶûһ£ȵġ
ԺֵģŲɫֽƬ
һЦУԪͰ񱧳ռҵĴˡ
ҲûߣΪ绹Ҫ߰ϯ
ļױҲŰڳˡ
Ҳ֪ԭɲֹЩͳ̽Ԫ͵Ƹ񶼸óˡǷļļнװţüӸţЩֵܵĶҪͼȥʡǵġ
ɶģûɶӽӿŴҵ۾ˡ

̾˵зĲǲȫߡ
еļױȫװױ
ڵռҡ
Ҷ̸ĲԼļױ
Ҳվǿ֪ǼҹŮ޵żֶãҲ֪ԭռЩˣѾǵĹŮ׼˷ļױ
͹ǶҲġ
˼Ҿôóˣ񵱼ױ
һҲˣŮ뿪ǣܹúáҪԵ裬ҲҪǸļױ
ΪЩռ˶ĺã׼ļױҲܷ񣬱ǷĶࡣ
˷׼ļױûó
óˣŽжۡ
ʱĵĶռ͵˵ųҲûˣʮֲڡ
һֱĸƵĻڣ˶
ǣȥȥ档
̨˵ע£Ԫ龴ľơ
ŮŮһ衣
ҲһҲǸƺѡûˡ
ʱۣϽ˲۾ڿ޼ޡ
ԪЦźԼһμ棬ҲǸոʳ¯ĸ֤һõģӱãһӡȱʧģһһ
춼˼ˣȱģȱˡ
վǿˣŮ˵ǵԹŮá
վǿɳƵлл㡣
ŮŮľƣˡ
ǾͿԼŮŮռ˾ƣڡ
̺۾Ԫ֣ҪáҪȻ˳
񼸸ֵҲԪ˵ɲֵܣԺһίܵġ
Щɺǵٻ˵ģһԼӣվǿͷٿ
ƫģŮԶӽʧܣһס
һʧܵĸס
е֪ʧȥŮˡ
Ů뿪֮иЩÿһŮĺãܶˡ
˶ԱȣŮҲҪˡ
ϯԪʹˣӭ׵ĶҲ׷˳ŷ֣ɹ⳵Щ˰ӴͷŴβˡ
ױģȻռңɴ͵ױȴ٣⳵Ӷˡ
ĳӣ˲Ŀȥ
ڶǰ޵۾ˣ°ͦʹܲˣȰţһӣ̫̫ͰɾˣҫԼĴȥˡ
򣬳ŮТ˳ģҶ˺˵ˡ
һȺ̫̫Χˡ
°
Ҷ̣㲻
ɶǿ޼ޣɶĵġɼ˶ðԺҲġҪ⿿ǣұղۡ
ռˣ
ռֵ֣ʡǵûôڡ
ߵһԾϯ˵ͦ࣬ⳡϵģиɲҲԪĹ˹ѳԾơ
Ԫүģȵд͡
ԪҲ˸
һֱɢϯˣæˡ
ΪԪƽʱȣԲûʲôֶ
طһ¶ǸϽ·ϴϴͷ


377 377
Ԫԡ, ҲϽ˯ȥһԡҡ
һֱţˣҲоеƣˡǽдҪ, ɲƣˣ
ϴȥһƣ, ȵĻطʱϲֵױ̨ǰĨƷ
鷿׼ȫ, ŮƷĴĶ, ƷС
ȻҲǻġͿͿĨĨġ
, һȻװµļĨ㡣
Ԫ˹, վ, žˡ
ͬһ˯£ͬһ档ǽ顣
ԺҲΪ˱ӣҹĻҪؿͷȥ˯ˡ
Ԫž¶һЦ, Цżֵ⡣
Цʲôأ
ˡԪתȥԡ, ëͷ, ϴʲôͷ
Щ, ǻᡣ
Ҳһִ, ҲòڣϰߡļԼ, о˺ˡˡ
ûУ㡣ԪЦ
˵͸Ҳ, , رǹഺȴɶû, ϶Ӷ¶ˡ
һ, Щȡ
ԪѾͷˣ˴Ĵ޳ָͷĴ塣
һæˣԪĨ𣿡
ţ򶨵ĵͷ
Ԫǣڴߡ
񣺡ǲֱ̫ˣǲǵиףи̣
ԪѹûϴתӴͷóһļִļ
Ľ
񣺡װԼû룬ʵ㲻ҲүүɣһҪүү͵ĶȥģҲҪЩ
ǣϲġԪƶ
Ľӹ
һݻļĻ
ҪĿֹ֧¶ԺÿΪάѵĸԺṩһʽ𡣱֤Щ¶ţš
񿴵鼤ʲôʱģ
Ӧ졣
Ǵû˵졣
鱦ҲϲҾϲġ˵˶ûʲôĸԵ֣ǾһЩûиĸĺӣҲܺһҸԺǻҪӣúӼ̳ľ㲻ӵģĶ
ñӶˣ۾ҲˣЩʪ
ҲǺܰޣˣĸˡ
Ǿøжÿġ
㣬Ȼ㣡лл㣬ҺϲǳϲЦˣֱ̫ˡ
ԪΪʵˡ
ôôϲЦŴչȥһڡ
ԪŴУ͵һ£Ҳˡ
ϾϣΧʵ̫
ļԱߣʵǲҪʼˣ
һЦˣΪʲôҪ⣿ǲǲ
ô˰Ѷ˵ô档
Ԫ񶼱ˣöбܾ͹ˡ
ǰһ̽˴ߵĿأĵƾˡ
˿ûоˣǰСֲᶼÿˡ
ʵսû˭û֪ⷽʶ
赺ϣϵ޷졣
ԪҪҪУ˵ãƻˣһš
ȻԪͼˡ
һֱڶϣлԪ˵Լƻ
ȻҪ׼ӵġ
ʲôæ֮ļƻûеġˣԼֻԽԽææꡣҪæõˡ
Լλòߣ̯ܵӻûôʱ򣬸ϽˡᾫҲãҲܹиľ㺢ӳɳ
ڻڸҲ㲽ˣܱ֮ǰҪС
Ҫ硣Ĩ㣬ߵ
Ԫڴ⻰ͻͷ汣֤õҲṼ
񣺡
ʰˣһˡ
Ԫүˣڿֽ¥ˣЦкǳ緹
ƺǷӰˣҲ˺ܶࡣڶԪ鵹Ҳû뷨ˡ
ϾǰҲֻӺ˵˵Եˡ
ǰ˴õҪģ̫̰ˡ˳Ȼ
ҲЦŽүү
ԪүЦӦˣ
ӹԪ緹
˵Լ˻ԾˣԺԼˡ
һϵԶүүһԼ֪İ¡
Դ˺⡣
ԶڹԪְ֣ǵˡ
극֮ͺԪүү˵ԼЩ¶ˡ
ҪƤҪЩɷݺͽ
үүˣ治治ҪǹְԱֵʲˣǼģҲױڸҲȱԺȣҪЩ˵ǲǣ
ԪүӵҿԸڹ⿪
ǸˣãˣҪʲôˡ
ԪүӵǣǽţЩû⡣
ҲûطŰҲòšܲҪЩӻǮĵز
ԪүӻǵһӣҲҪӵˡɷݶҪ
ЩɷݣЩСǶ˶Ű
Ҫ
⻹ȥ
ԼӣԼһĿϱ
ͲȰȰ
ԪҲҪЩһۣҸŪһĻ𣬰¶Ҿ¡
Ԫүү
Ԫүү˻ᣬԺÿһǮ׼費ҪǮҲȥˣҽˡ
극ͺԪˡ
ϾЩ֪ͬ־ѵһΣ˵ˣ֮󵥶ٳԳԷ۾ۡ
Ƕʡת˲ȥϡ
Ԫˣ˵ܹȥ㣬ú÷ǻˡ
ѧġ
ЦŵڷչԺ󻹻ء
ðںһֱţûʲôо֮ôԵĸоĸԣöˡ
ǰ·ŵ֪࣬˵ž˻ϵĽͷչ
֮ǰ߲ӵʱƶԼܶĵ·߳һׯľ
˵֮󣬴˵ĸп
ظпǻҲʮ壬ʮߡ
Ԫ鿴񣬺֪ʮʲôӵģǲǺۣ¶
Ȼ˸пˣоôȥˣͬ־ǸӣԶзܶ񡣡
ЦΪԶʮꡣ
Ц
ټһ䣬дһĬ
극Ǿ͵ˣ·ϻûʱ䣬ȥҪϰࡣ
Ԫһǣվ̨ϣһӵ
㣬ԺҪȥҰҲȥ㡣
á
㣬Ժ׼ҰɣһȥͿʼˡ
񣺡Ҫǿǡ㰡˼벻У
Ժ顣պִš
ҲͷƤԼϱϳˡ
ɲԼĶҸĸ߸ԼŮҸš
ҪԼҺίûȥֻعġ
공ѾˡҲûŻȥڻתת
Ԫ鵹ͷһζ¶ȤһЩ
ͰԼǶδľһ顣
ԪźҪǻһͺˣڹڣҲҪġ
Ҳ˵׼ҹǸ磬Ҳпţũˡ
Ԫ飺
һȥġ͵͵ԵġЦſ͵͵Ĵ󡣰ǽܸӣǻ֪ʶꡣҵСˡ
ԪĿˡĪľЩ̼
ɫĺ˶䣬Ȼ֣ؼˡ
͵ЦȻʱʱӵǺܺõġ


378 378
Ԫڻʡһ, صػš
Щ¶񶼲ǰҲû˽ҲæЩڻԪ, Ȼźõġ
ǴŶ˼¡һҲûˡ
Ԫ鵹ʱ, ׼һغס, ѺƵļҰһ¡
Ͼ, δ϶ԺƵļΪġ
, ռ׼ˣصذֵʡǽǡ
һͰ, ˵ҪӣԵҶӡ, ˵û˽ӣżҿ𡣡˵Ź⿴Ԫ顣
Ԫ, , ᡣ
, ĵҪЧֵһż˿ҵж󣬸۸, ҪǵȭͷӲӲ
ҲûԪ˵ʲôô䣬ȫż, ҲǺѵġ
رŮСԪǸú, Ҳһүүûһĵġ
·, ʲôʱߡ
, ͵֮Ҿ͵ȥ׶ˡȥоӦһ¡
οҪΪδĿѧˡҪΪƼҵˡ
Ҳûٺǰʲôܵܳ꣬ǳ׳ˣҲˡܹˡ
һ˵ռ͵ʱռѾָƽʱƽǺǻڴڵţˣŽѾӴ󺰡
ŹȾͺүүǣֳˡ
ٿԼŮɫ󣬾Ҳã֪żҹĲûί
Ҳԣ˭ҸŮίܰ
̽үү˦һߣԼŮߡһΪûʱء
ȻûţϹءһ
ЦŮܹڼһеˡ
ţռ˶ڼմһҲˣҶһҲˡ
ССΧӡ
Ǳȹ껹Ҫȫ
˸ŮҲӹˣռϵЦݾûͣ
°ҲܸˣæǰæĺͶϱմҲ˵İæ
棬Ԫóÿӷ
ǼҲǸĿڷѡ
ҶҵСŮ椣ĺ̸ɰ񶼸ˡ
ǺڵĹøˡ
˿ȣҪúѧϰ𣿡
ĴӦˣӦԺ󿼴ѧü˳
ڵ͹붼ѾϳˣǳɼҲڵһֱǰé뱻ѹѧȻȲԾûġ
СС׶԰
Ҷں֤Ҳѧ˵Сˣ
²Ҷƽʱ̵ġ
СĴ󡣡
ڳЦԼСˣƨɶ
ڵŵˣԺ϶ҪѧģС˾
Цˡչȥںڵһڣڵáã
ڱӡ
Ҳ״
Ԫ鿴ſˣߵԺ졣
Ԫӿɰ
һۣĽҲûãء
ԪЦҲ˵׼
һ£㡣Ȼֵҿɺǰ˵ˣǹְԱֻһǶŮ㶼ˡ
Ҳû׼ֻһԪЦɰСŮͺܺãĺְ֣Сҡ
ش⡣½֮Ϊʲôìܡ
ԵŮ̫ˣЩġʱձ˼Լδӵĸϡǿɾˡ
һԲԲĳһٷԪҲʽĸĿڣүү̣񺰸ܵܽ㡣
ȻһӶ˺ܶݣȻӦҲܿġ
ܿͺЩСǻˡ
رģ֮ǰԪ˿ˣھ죬δг仯
̵ľǸѵõѧϰᣬҪ˵⣬˭ܱȵ÷ҵأ
Ԫ黹˸⡣
С쿪
һڹձڳڲƷ߿һۣ·ڵĲƷǸƷʸߵεġҪСڣС쳯ŸߵʳƷչкܴİһҲԿггֶԽռԽãǰڲ׬Ǯֵá
ĿǰʳҲʢԴڣԼʳƷҲȲϹһЩʳƷ֣һЩũƷ
࣬еĵζ֮ġ
ҲԳû򿪽һЩԽԽǮ֮󣬶ڳԴҪֻԽԽߣС仯ܹӦʱķչ
һϯéٿԼӶĶǲ࣬ĻǲԶ
ȥֻŹһĶֵأ⻹ôгôƷֵҵĶˡ
ĸԪһӵ÷ллˡ
ԪЦл֪СҲС췢չá˵СҲҺýˡ
ЦԵ֣Եְ
ߣҲں˵Сδ
δСķֵɼ˵ꡣΪŵԽԽ֮󣬷ֹ˾ҲҪܹܶĹһʵںܷСֵ궼Ϊ˵꣬ϾͱȽסڳչг˼˵꣬С֮ĶԷչ
̫ˣǹһЩĥ󹤵ءѾˡ
ȻԣֻǶЩˣôأ
Ըּ˵ģ͸ȨԸģҿԵȥطҲСıҪ߳ȥ
ͷ뷨ܺãȷʵҪʱչӦıֻҪ˾󲿷ͬ⣬ǾͿԳԣǰҲҪ̫żԵ㣬һͲ𷴵СִģĻҡ
æͷ
ָὨ飬ĹˣǾ֤ǵȨ档ܹԼСûꡣ뿪С֮ȻıֶΡ
ĸﶼҪָģҪĵִС
δҪֵĹƵ顣
Ҳһﰡʱ˵ҲҪӭӵһ⡣
磬Ԫ뿪ˣǻ𳵣øϻغȥˡ
Ȼмڣ·Ҫʱģҵ֮Ҫʰӡ
ռ˵ûĺܿŮѾɼˣչˣԺҲõһԿˡ
صλȥһǸСԪһģԼɶĵء
ֻǰ̫̫ǧǮƽʱҪ᲻ó᲻ô
ҪУ˵Т˳ģҪǲҪǲŮ
ɰ̫̫ˡѹ׵ǮͰǧˣڲ͸ǧˡ
ѹӵôˬ졣
̫̫Ҳӵˬ죬ĵˣȥ


379 379
ԪŻ𳵻, һĻ˵˾޵ʱڻϵļԺһ, 䵽
ٴλصƣ񶼾Լþûˡ
μӹ, ӵеĵһô, Ҵļˡ
», ϻеۡ
Ҳ֪ǲ˼ϵϰ, һվںƵ棬ԾͲԾĿʼ˼ϵˡ
밲ĵĺԼ»ɷһ, Ȼû˼ˡ
ûɶġⶼôˣҲˡ
ϻػڵĳ֮, ͺԪһǵȥ칫ҿ, ż̫, Щġ
Ԫü, Ȼͷá
˿ȣίˣæ, Ҿͳʱ㡣
ԪЦˣֻ⻰еСºŮѴ绰ʱ˵Ļ
Цʲô
, ҺܸˡԪ鲻˵ʵֵĹ, ڼҲ԰칫, ׼ѼҲǣϵ绰, Ժ绰㡣ʱƶ绰ˣϵ͸ˡ
ǰŵ㶫㣬˵лҲϲڿԹˡ
ݵתıֽ˼֣΢΢š
ԣȻ򣬡ԭˣҾ˵ˣô⼶Ҳ䱸绰ˣ⼶ɲ߰
ԪΪ㹱ףҸɲͨѶˣÿչ
ЦллʿԪˡ
ƳسǣǺԪ߶һ¡
ԪҪȥԪߵĸ˰żװ绰ԼһЩҾߵ飬⻹װ޷ӡ
ȥ÷ϲǣ˵Լ顣
Ҳݶ͵ȥ
ϣԼҲϿţˡ
Ƴˮ˾ѾˣƳũƷ˾
Ϊ˾ҵΧѾֹˮˣֲƷСδɽĸֳƷҲС
÷ӭҵķչÿʮͶ빤
Ϊ˼ͥҵˣˮ˾һԱļӵ㹤æͺӣ
ʱûԡ
͵ϲǣдĺϢˣաϲǽϲˡûܺȵϲơ
Ц̫ԶҲ㣬ȸʱ䣬ǳԶٷ
÷æһҪҺʹݶȥҲУ˵Ǳȫóԡ
ðɣ治Źˣóȫ磿
÷ϽҲҪԵˣǾǿ
ûɶȥˣȻǳȫˡÿҲ¼Ĺϵͺһദ
÷ĵԶҵϼҵ·ˡ
񶼲֪ô˵ˣܲ˵ʵһ绹ء
ֳûͳ÷̸˺ɽɽֳũƷ˾ܹ
صĹҵȻҲӹҪҪɽƤʣҪũƷ˾
ȫû⣬ڶԽԽˡֹ⣬ţ󶼺ܴһµʱ򹩲Ӧء
ЦֻҪǾͳ˹ӦȻֻ𻨸ڵľ÷չҲȤġҪܽ·ҽԸ㣬ϵ쵼
÷һԼϵ
Ȼˣ÷ͬ־Ҫǰǹ˾ˣԼŹ˾ܣҲҪΪԼδҵõķչ㻹ᣬδ·ȫߵĸԶ뿪Ƴǣȥط
˽ҲϣԼߵ˿ԷչáδҲ
ҪɼͲǵɵġ
·ߣҲס
ⷬǸ÷һȴţ۾硣
ΪܣȷʵҲпúãҲʡֹ˾ͻȥҲûܵġ
صڣԪַһȦϲǣһԼɷˣȻŽĴš
ʼü
ļҾߵļҾȻôҪ󣬵Ҳʡ밲ŸõļҾߣӰ첻á
ʱļҾߣʱʦôһҾߣܹ͵ġ
һ죬һƬˡ
ɴܰ칫ȥϰˣѼｻԪˡ
һ칫ңҲҷϲˣԼٽ
˿һ˲䣬ǼġرǼ¥ºˣӰ칫ܳӭˡ
ôŰɣôʲô
һЦɻˡӡ
˵껹̾˿
ڱҲ̾
Īôˣ뿪찡¶ˣ
ǵûУǡ
˭Ҳҿڡرǵô˵档
ȥ칫棬˰칫ңţҾͿʼ¿ˮˡ
˵زǸ㽨ﲻҲ˿ΪҪʲôÿҪʲô֮ǰҪ㱨һ£Ȼڣ͵ˡ
˽һž͸ˣǾͲһˣʵĿϸɶ̶ءһשǮҪȻǶôģ˶ǱĿ
һԲϣǾʹҪ
˼Ҳһģ칫Ҳɹһÿ¿ô󣬽ǦֽҪϸơҪʡļƻ
⼸칫ͬ־ʡɶزأдӶֱøֱˣǦдһ飬ȻƤøֱд
ֱֺǣȻһΪǺãҲΪáҪϰߣܱȴִŻǮá
̫ϸˣӰǰ칫Чˡ

Ǿ͸ϸҪˣÿ˶ϸҪԼҪͲɶˡΪɲҪԼҪʵǶҪҲǺãԷֹǺڷҸˬ죬Ҳǰѹˣʱǳ⣬ҿ϶ֱǵġǶһѶðǼһϣһ
ζû뵽ô
ŵǻе
߸̽ʵԺǩҲ
һǺ͹ȥϾҿûǸϸģԼϸĵ㣬˭˭

˼ϲȥˡ
ĺ⣬ڣʲô¶Լÿææµµܳʵ
пԼһˣҪôصĵӣ֯ϻ̫ˡ
Ϊ˲ΣҪϸҪԼҪˣֹ
ʱϻļ
һϸĿ񣬿˼Ӳȷˡ
֪ԼҪˣҪӵЦӴˣϹͷܲˣ¶̫ˡ
ЦŽϲǷϣˣҶ˵ˣ˵رϸģɱҸˡ
ǫ˼䡣
˵ԼӦõģҲֻˡ
ЦǣҵǿǿˣҾȫٸĹס
ǵֻҪģҿ϶ǻȥȻ࣬ǾɲӴ
ǣ˵Ķԣ԰ΪǿԸĲϵͳиĸķǿ϶ǺһģϸҾÿԱ䶯һ¡ĿӷһЩ֡
ˣ ˵öԣϵͳǺҪģҪá
¶鷳ˣǾȡÿһĿҲ򻯡Ϊǩֵ⣬Ҫһ̣Ǿǵһķչ
ϾУҺ͸߲ͬ־һ¡
߸ǼְǮӣʵҲûٹȨǮͻǮͷ˾ˡ
ˣ͵͵Цˡ
Լȥĸ֪ܸЧĹǩˡ
֮ǰǰ˵֧ǵʵǵҲвȡط̫¶ˡ
ãӻҲڻ㽨𣬸涼ˣҲ׼СΧڣ淶һЩ̡
ЧİЧʣָܹ֧Ľ蹤


380 380
Ҳûæſ,ֻ㱨һӵĹ
ԼǷ㣬Լڵʱ,Ҳ©ʲôҪϢ
Ǹϸĵ飬ϴСС¶յĺ֮ǰͽϢˣҪķһ,Ҫķһ,С¶
һСʱͰԼڻڵЩӣߵ˽ˡ
ûɶĶǹһЩĹ,ԼȥʡǵĹ·޽ȡ
ĽȥʡǵĹ·¿ͨ
عҵĿǰѾפҵ,ҵڼ賧
׻Ͽȫפ
Ǻɽɽֳڶͦã˵׾ܳһɽˡһЩҲ쿪ʼµˡ
ˮľƳҲ,⵹ǻûر,Ǳ߾Ƴĸ˵,ѾͶʵǼӾҲڶ֮½㡣
ЩϢ֮,Ц,һж,ǰǰԼ̫ˣԼ,Ҳѹ󡣡
Ц,ȷʵҪڣÿ춼Ҫʲôʱߵʱ,Ƕ̤ʵ
ЦЦ
ֻ㱨һϢ֮ǰˮд籾ıͬ־Ѿȥˣ˵籾дˣҪȥͶʣȺϢ
񻹰¶ˣλһֱûϵһλԷûдء
ϧûЩɶҪдĺãҲǲܰͶʰ
æ֮׼ʱ׼°࣬һ¶ûӰࡣ
һϰ࣬¼̯ӾͺܶԲԪˣҪټӰ࣬Ǿͺܹˡ
ߣ·ʱ򣬻ԪϲԵĲˣͼȥ
ôæ϶ûʱˡ
æؼң׼ϻæɨžΪԼߴطˡ
ҾȫˡϰлĲߣǽ߻оƹżƿơ
绰ǣˣԪɳϸ˴绰ˣͺǱ˵һȻ˵绰
Цվô
˫۷ŹĿȻĴֱָ̫ˡ
߽ԼȻĿ鷿û涯ˡԭ򵥵Ĳټ򵥵ķӣ͸żܰ
ԪԴ˻⣬ʱôסţȹʱҶļҾߵˣٻذҲ׼װľʵذ壬
֪أǲ̫ˡ
һҲҪԼһ졣
ܾǻ˵ʡƾɵĳݣҲҪõĺܰ
Լǰͦˣûģû뵽Լ˸ˡ
ãԺڹˡ
Ԫһλ
ԪЦȥƹþƣһһڡ
ĹȥžƱ绰ҲװˣǲҪ绰ˡ
ԪͷҪҵһ𡣡
һھƣȻϽȥ绰ռͱƽ
Ҳ磬Ҳܵһ˶͸ġ˴Ȼ˵绰룬Ժϴ绰϶ܽӵ
˵绰֮ĥҪҪԪүү绰
ֻ֮ߣƺе㲻ƽүӺԪĹϵͦεġ
ûԪүӸ̫Զˣү뿪ԼӣڴȥԪֲ׽ͽ롣
Ԫͷô࣬ͺ˵ĲҪˡ
죬Һүү˵Ļˣ
ԪͷЩ飬ûӵйûбҲҪˡǼĹϵʵҲһֱÿһĽӰһжΪԪķչүүʱҲôģҲʹˣҪˡ
ͦģԺ㲻ҪԺ̫ˡʵʲôģӰ಻Ӱ࣬ҾöһԼԸңҲһú·
Ԫ΢΢һЦ֮ǰ˵ھ͵ˣ
̸¶Ǽ裡
Ԫæ汣֤ԲᣬûϵǻᣬһӰ࣬ҿ´
ɶ˵ˡ´̫硣
Ƿ͹ģԼҸͷܲ
ԪЦỴ̈еķɣҲߵʱҲչ
Ͻ֣ʱãҳԷʳóԣǺò˺÷껹ϴ롣㰲ŸڼҲûʲô¶Ӱ첻ãرְҪ׵ˣ߻϶ûɶˡɫţʵģȻ˺롣
Ԫţϵûѵ϶Ҳ¡׼Ϸ׶ǱʸĶˡҲûټˡ
˯硣
»ÿ춼˯硣
ֻ˯Żںҹˡ
۾Ԫͬ־Ժÿ°Ƕȥɢɡ˵õĶ£Ƕתת
Ԫá
죬ÿ춼Щ仯Խľⲻһᣬһˡ
ÿؼҶȺķ˳ԡԪȻãǱȷмҵζ
ͦĵģоԼе۸ˡԪ뿪ǰһ죬صȥһѲˣԪСȫ硣
ԪŶȥˣߣԪʵͨѶ˾ܲϷЩҪǢ⻹ȥ׶׼׶Ļ硣
֮ǰĵĶҪﲻˣһҪ֪ͨ
˵ʵͦŵġˣߡ
İɣġ
صȥҽԺĸƴһЩ֢״ġȻУȻҲ᷸Ϳ¶мƻгˣڻִ¶㵽ˡ
ͻȻˣġоﶼˡ
Ϊ˲Լ߰ģϽȥ˰칫ңԼͶæµĹС
ڵڸ㽨裬ѲЩĵط˲ٵʱ䡣
ķû⣬ǰļƻ㽨ġ
ʱҲ׼ĿˣҪֽ׶ԷչܲһڳԸӡ
صĹҵҪʱ䣬ȪƵƹҲҪʱ䣬ɽֳҪˡ
ճʱ䣬Ҳ׼ţ֮ǰļ򻯹̣ʡʱ䣬Ч֮⣬׼
ҽԺҲڽУҽԱҲƸˡũطϰССʹҲȥҽԺҽԺ֮ҽԺҲ̫࣬һЩϰѲ죬֪ʶ˳ҽԺҲһ¡
ڵľѾʼˣЩҪĲҲҪϡ


381 381
Ŀǰũҽʶܱ, ڼӵġˣҲȥҽԺģڸȾ˷硣
С͸˵, ֱӺˮˮϴ־ͳԶܶຢӻڳԴҩ
ڶкȷˮġ
ֻҪıЩ¾ɵϰߣҲǺףľ÷չ, ôϰеλ, ÿž÷չĽŲƹЩ
ѸҽƵĺй¶
һ͵ûʱ䡣ôӡһһӵ, Ҫܶʱġ
ܶ೤ʱ䣬¶Ҫø, ¶ⲻ󡣡
˵꣬Ц, ¶ú, δڵҽһ, ׼ͶʵʽΪϰṩıϡ
⻰, ˡκʽǰ, ǶˡϽļƻ, ȥϵҽһĸˣԼҽԺĸ, ׼¶ƹ
ڸЧѹ״̬, ڵĸɲǶ֪еϰߣһ˵ҪչʲôͿʼˡ
ǿҪЧɸ, Ҳרſᣬ˼㻯
ﰲˣ˲ʹ衣ȡÿ֧Ԯʽɴӷͷȥ
ɵҽһѵõıֻᡣǲǺʧˡǮôţôǮҽԺҪСҪǲһɼԲ쵼
һ¡
˵ָͷһ£Ҫ嵽壬嵽ÿϡҪҽƵҪҴۣӵ¶Ǹ֪ģܴȥ鶼Ǻпܵġ⣬Ҵ֡
⻰Щ˸סˡ
ȷʵǸûŪˣһ󾫡
߰źˣϸ¶Ͷˡ
ܿ죬ҽƶӾͿʼˡ
껨ڵϰǶæ׬Ǯæ¸ĹҲܹע
ϾɶǴһõķߵġ
ҽƶ磬ɲǾǰˣ쵼ŵģ쵼ӴҵĽ⣬ϣн¸Ҽ壬ȫѣҸȥȥɶëϽơҲʼԣˣЩǮ᲻á
д͵ɶҲûɶë
ɲͲˣǴ˵ģ˵㣬飡ŵģΪǺãǻ顣ܺǣҪǮǼ壬ǵȥôõ¶
˵
ţ˵ŵģ۲Ͳ˵ɶ𣿾ûëҲȥԿ
ڴɲ֯£ÿÿеĴŶˡ
ر˺ͺӡ
һ鲻ˣձг棬ӪͷϳĲ١
˾͸˵ˣʪһѡ
׶εЩҲûŶ١ձҲӪرŮͬ־ƲıȽ϶ࡣв֢ġ
ɰЩŵˡ
ֹŵˣɲҲŵˡ
֧ȥҽƶӴӵˣǰҲôİҲûʲô¶ôôëأ
ӵĶҽнƸġö඼ϴ⻰ͺǰû¶ǳ¶Ҳ֪Щ˱Իһ꣬ΪЩСëֻܻʮţ˵֪֪
֧飺֪
Сϳɴ󲡵Ҳܶࡣкӣﳤ棬ӪҲӰ淢ֹӰ콡ƽʱҲܵӰ졣ӿԿϴѧΪﳤˣϣ˵Ӱ󲻴󣿡
֧飺󡣡
ͷСëҲǿ಻ԵġҪӡӰ콡ӰκҲ󣬼ҩ¶ΪʲôأĽ棬ʵԼЩСë
ӵϴ˵֮ߵҸջŮͬ־˵ڼӵġġڼǷǳΣյ飡ûã˺ڶûá
֧飺
ǰǰôİ
Ȼ齻ȥģԼҲͦעġԼÿŸ˿ᣬۼ¶֮⣬Ҳʰ
֪ûţÿ춼ڸˣһЩܽᡣʱֱӻ㱨ˡ
ⷽ棬ҪǸɲҲӣǰҲġڶڷչãҶ̫⡣
ӣֱ࣬ϵ绰˵ҽĹԱǺϰ
ڻҪǼ׶ΣĹû
ȻҪģȾҪЩͬ־˵һǻҪڸ׼£ģ˭Ҫǻͣڹȥĺȣ˭ݵˡ
ǲ̫ذҪȥ̫ˡ
깤ҵ˱׼֪𣿽ҪģκδȾաӰҲգͷرȪƳһЩʳƷصĵλǷǳϸġԺ߿ԽԽ࣬Ĺ˶ṩˣô㷢չ
Զԣʮе
¶ץϹҵˣҪפȪƹ֮ҲҪ๤ˡҺǼʱˣҲץ˼빤
˵绰֮󣬺˺ü£ϵ绰ĸ˹ᡣ
İ칫ĸҽĸͷˡ
ӽ˵ǷͼӴ׵ĸЩ˵һͨ
˭Ҫ˵ɲˣ˭͸ϽˡûɿԽ
ڵ֣򳤿˿ȣɱ𲻵棬ҵȥġ
򳤣
¶ӣȻҲˡ
رǻ㡣
Ͼ쵼˵ˣɼԼְ
ǰְ˵Ҳߣͦۡ
ڲһչôãÿĴɲֻҪúøɣܸɳɼλҲܹ
ΪɲҲбģ˵õĸߣǾ֪ˡ˵Ͷʵ¶˻ԥʱǾüͶһǮˡ
ݣǾԲݵġ
ѾĴ֯˼빤ˣвβûҲҪ
ûвҽƼ鹤ģϸİŴ˲ˡ
ԭƻһɵĹʮˡ
æ˾̵Ĺ֮󣬻ٿҽ㱨顣
ĵطҲ֪ôģǻҪʼ淶׼һ£ǻڸһԵ㡣ԺϻڣһҪҽԺߵ֤ܹϡҪǿҪҽԺӡҲ֤ũֵĸֱ¼
ⶼӸҽǵġЩ⣬һֱδ½ĽĿǰڻڣʵǲЩϸʮꡣ
Ե㣬ɼˣû׼ܹǰҲ˵
˶ûᷴ
ڻڻǿеġ
ط˼ԸȥϻڣҲԸȥҽԺǮӡ
ڻڲһڸͶʣ¸·ǶǰġûڣڻھͻʧܶᡣδҲԻϰڱлڡ
ѧУҲҪ⣬ҪԺӼǿⷽΪʲôﺢӸɸɾǻڵĺֺںǾӺͲӵʦ۴ӳʦҽҲǴӳҽҽԺ۶ǰճб׼ġøϰǮܰ׻
⻰˵˶˼ˣܾԼ⹤ȷʵ䲻䱸ı׼


382 382
, ˣҽƲũͬ־ˣҲҪһ, УԸһ֧֡ǸӦ仯
ɰѺ¶ĸŵˡ
ôˣҪȥöǮ
Ҫв, Ժܶ˻ȥ
ҪǮ, ܹռˣЩҲԸ⻨Ǯ
Ϊҽϵͳһˣ¶ȻּɵġǺǿչġ
, ȥԼ쵼Եˡ
Ƿǳʺϵġ
гѾ׼Ӱˣ׼Ե, ͦģǱ߲æŸ㾭𣿡
, ʵҲȲչ, ͷѾ, ھǰͰķּƻʵʩƻĹ, ҲڲϵѰ, ⡣
г, ҽԺӵ⣬Ƿֵ⣿
ȷʵҲǷֵһҪ⡣淶ҽ, ׼ʹӺӳʼ淶ⷽҲͻҹڻںӻ, ҸͶʣйҪڵġǰҪ֮󣬺ܶ˲컧ڡ⺢ǲ, ۶֪
˵žţǻΪ㣬ͷЩ⣬ȥݶǺͿģ֪˿ղ鹤Ĳ
г̣ҲһĿ⡣
Ƭ̲ŵҪǺãһϰ˵ûǮô죿ǾԵ㣬ͳһߣϰǵòҲǿԵġ
ЦⷽҲǹˣʵһ㣬ҽ油ϰա
ҽƱնûʽʵУ˵ũҽˡҲû˵ʲôգֻ˵
Ҳˣǹ֮⣬ҲΪûǮðҩǾòȰ׿ˮҲƷϰһЩǸĽҽĹ
гÿɲӴ
ͷҲˣȷʵ١ۻֻ滷ãˣ˲ţ˲šҲܹ֤õķչԸǮ
˵Цһ£Ҳǵ׬Ǯˣ껨ҲûǮǽ꾡⣬Ǯ˲ſչ
гҡͷ̾Լ¼֪ǸñﻹǸˡ
ǺģǮҲỨ
ҲгǮʵǵǮҽƶû˵˲ڻڸҽƲˡ
˵ʵгĽˡ
Ҳ߸渣أûôֱʡҲûôǮ
Ϊһĸ׬ǮƳΪһУҲͳͻ׬Ǯ
طҪﲹء
Ҫ֮ǰƳǸֳƹ㣬ȫиֳҲЩˣҪء
Щߣͷдһϸıȥ쵼г׻ﻨһѣȻгϢء
гϢĺӣҳǻһ㡣
ЦӦˡϽл
Ҳлһأǻڵģʽܹհ𣿡
治˵ֳǿѧǹҵҪͶʣȪҲҪõˮԴ
ֳҲУһͷĻѧѧǻڵģũͬ־¸ͦѵġǰũƷ˾Ǹ÷ͬ־Ҳ˵ˣҵ˺ܶҪƷģлӦ۳ȥ
üͷһó÷ͬ־⶯ͦģЦǿ̫ˣʵǸֳһֳѣһ·⡣ֻҪ Ǿͳɹһˡ
гüĿչһ㣬׬ǮС
ĹӪӣЧԽĲˡƳ׬ǵǮЩӪˡ
ҲôҪԭ׬Ǯ
ֵߵߵҺˣдƻҪ󶼸дˡ
ڷ¶ɲΪˣԼ
ԼҪ뷨
ͬˣҪôǮ
Ҳǵģǿ϶۰ǲ۾С
ҿ϶Ǹ˵ģĵǹⷽģܹǮȻˣɡǱߡ
˿²裬ˣæŲϵͳĸɡ
ǣҲæĲˣ
Уͷ˵¶ȻóǮҲҪк
ʱ
׼ԳȥԸˣϽȥдƻˡ
ʵϸڶڻõģھǸܽͲ⡣
ͻȻҲǶһ
ϾǰĹǰͰģ˵ʲôʲôµĳԡ
ͶŲȥˡ
Ǵ˵ǹ
ǵⶼˣôǣ
ˣûꡣ
ǵҲҳԣҪûˡ
ﺢӳҲСЦеƹȥ档
Ҳãͺ̸̸ԼϵͳĸĽ
ԺڶǮǩֵĸ𣬲ҪǩĵӾͻһЩҲǿżܵθС
Цǲһ
УҪơǫ顣
ЦŵæӣҽǱҲһЩĸ
ͽЩɹᣬǾúܺáũҽȷʵȽˡھˣҲҪʵ
ԭΪֻ㾭ãڿ൱ˡ̲סȫΪ
˻֮ҽƲ⡣
һ˲䰲˼ӡ춼֪ô˵ˡ
Сûôࡣ˶Ǯ
ǣ
ҪΪҽƽ裬ǮûǮҲûһǻϣҲǻϣɲϡǻϰϡǮģϰȡ֮֮˵òû
ôش죬Ǿÿ˿ڡ
һ֣Ǯ
˷ܵ׼Ϊ㣬ǻڡ˲ǻڣͶǻڡ
˵ţԼĵ¶˵رҽҩ˾ءҽҩ˾߰˰նߣʱǺҽҩ˾ɱ͸ˡ
¶ûг˵ΪûǺǵ˵
ŷа𣿡
ǵ·֮ǰܾûǮɺ۲Ҳû𣿼ƻţҲҪǮǲǣ
ǶʱüɣҲ˺ôһѵõЦ⻰ˡ
˻ỨǮ׬ǮҲٵġʵڲУȥ
ã˵öԣ¶ۿ԰졣İˡ
Ҳǰ˿ĵڲãԽϲԱˡڶǮġ
Ӳң˼Ҷһˡ


383 383
ǵ֧, ͷĴ󵨵İЩƻдˡ
дܺǺģ治һˡ
Ȼ, Ǳ󡣲ֹ㾭ãŽͬ־
д֮ȥˡ
һʱһۣ󶨸֮󣬾ͺһȥг
û뵽ԼȥгĻ, ־ϲǰ򳤵ʱ, Ͳʱسÿȥͽڣ֮⡣ƽʱ㱨, ϶ҪҪҪ㽨, ҪЩϤˣֻҲ
Ҳȥ𣿡
, 㲻ȥ˭ȥļƻҺг˵, гֱӹȥ
ŷ, ҲӾ塣ûŴѹЩ, һֱǡǺ쵼, ûˡ
Ϊһ쵼, ԽСԺΪʱԽ, ҲǸŵ㡣
, гصڳʱǡ
ƻ֮󣬾͵ĺܲ, ˵Сģ
Ҳָ˵ġ
ЦҪģҾͿ˿˵С
ܲСܹôɼ˵˼ҲڸŽǺҪġڷչЩ쵼˼ҲҪϡˡ
ܳĵͷϲá
г˻û⣬Ǿ£쵼ĿС
ϾԵ¶ԡҪȻԣԣˡ
ģûʡ￴
ȻʡҲСһ
ȥһʡǾ͵Ϣ
У۾͵ĺϢ׼ȡ¾㱸
֮󣬺Щģ¶ɡ
вɵҪǸԵ㣬Լ㡣˵иҽԺ۾ȡǵͶʸ񡣲ȫҽ谭չ۲ΪŰ֮ǰСϴƻǿЧܺá
ֱ԰顣
ǸҽƲˡʱǾͺҽҩ˾ƳƽҩĿĿҪĿʣʵǲϰաϰҩֻҪһǮ۸һ֡ǲܴٽҩƷۣ治ҽϵͳԵ㣬ԼǮͶʣҪӦġ
ԼʶӲáȻλԽߣҪ֪ʶҲԽࡣҪȥްһ֪ʶˮƽˡ
⾩󾭼ѧϵģǲһ
ʡͬԵ㣬ڳΪһԵҲҪᱻһ¡
û׼̵Դ
ͬ⣬Ҳк·
ֱɹ˿ء
Ǹߣడ
Ϻ⵱ҵı𣿡ʵ
ЦȻбˣ벻
ˡҡͷⲻǹҵı£ʵҪأŽᡣ˲ͬ⣬Ǽԣ۾ûɡۻһһԲߣȫ㶨ˣⶼ֪һȥˡ԰һ㽨裬ҪʵڲŽᡣ
ԼԺҲһֱڻڣƽʱҪǱĬĸǴ͵
Ժ󻨸ڵӲֺܼг
ⷬҲЩᡣ
ٵķչȷʵҲ벻ҵϡ
룬ǻ׼Ǻ֮ҡڣЩЦ
ôĸɲܹ̤̤ʵʵ£ÿֻΪ˭뻨˼ȥء
˻ڣǿʼ׼ˡ
ϣ͸Ԫ˵绰
ڼװ˵绰֮󣬲æʱ򣬻ÿŵͨһε绰
绰ͰԼҽҩ˾ļƻԪ˵ˣûƼҽҩ˾ҪʱҪȥӴһ¡ǹģСġǵضСʱҲûôġ
Ԫһҵѯ˾רŸҵѯġ
ΪС참еĳɹ⻹ͦһ궼ܽһ⡣𿴲һ׬ǮԼˡ
ԪƽʱҲû˾˵ʱ˴ЩҵңûкʵҵΪְҵص⣬ǵʱֻܹṩ˾ֺ͵ַϢܹṩҲһ
УǾṩ˾־ˣҲҪƻҵءҵĵ
ԪЦһҲҪ̫ࡣһûôϢɡ
ãҲǺۡ˸Ƿ
ʵЩۡԶˡ
ԪϢҪȻҹ㡣
ϢˣԼ˸ܼˣ˹ˡ
ôԶͨ绰ල
˵绰֮ڴϣֹڸڵĽ衣
Ȼ²ŵʡ쵼ǻ᲻ͬߡ
гڶ쿪ᣬͳȥʡˡ
Ҳһֶֹֻ֣ܼҽĵĸʡ쵼
гǻ㱨һƳǵĹȻͽڵƻó쵼
Ÿʡ֮󻹼ǵûڣǻڰ
гϲҲ˵ǻ
ȻǵãϴλڲǺʡ·˵λλǻȥҪǮˡŸʡЦ
г
ڵķչȷʵҲĺܲ㹤ҵϴǲǻ˼ƿƹζ
гûôˣЦŵͷ
Ÿʡ˵ϸĿƻ
ſţ۾һ¡
ƻʵǺܲġ
ȻŸʡһǹҽƲ
ڵһֹܵҽϵͳϵ
ҽƲǷǳġ
ʵϣ⼸ҲԽҽƱһˡֻĿǰûʽСһΪϢͳƵѣǮԭ
û뵽һȻҲǰˡԵ㡣
뵽һ㣬ҲǺѵð
뻹ǸʡҪ·Ǯĵ
˵ǮŸʡһ飬ϴ·ʡظɡ
ŸʡǸ¶ǰɣΪȫû㣬Ҫ㣬ջǺܴġҪעӰ⡣
гͷǰǰѻڸ涼ǵˡСӰ١ҽʩҲԽƣ߱ǻڵľ÷չܿ죬Ҳʽ𡣡
ŸʡЦǰ»˼ҪǮ·ء
¶ȥˡгͷۣЦҪǮҽƻҪʵʩܶǮˣûѹ
ŸʡЦЦŵϴżЦ⡣
ʽ㣬ǾͲҪǸǮˡ
᲻ãǸˣطҲ룬½½ǳܶһûʼһûרǾζҪӱĿŲǮǺΣյ顣
԰ɣҽꡣɹʧܣ졣ԿЧҲ̫ʧ
УУҲˡгͬˣҲܾϲ
ʡ쵼ͬء
ʵŸʡҲ뿴ԵЧԤƹҲҪʽְҽƱյġÿǰôһӰ첻󡣶һԼǮ
гʡǻ֮ˣ׼ڴ绰֪ͨϢˡ
ֻ绰֮Щ
֮ǰ·¶ڻЦء
ԥһǾ绰ܲܵ¶ˣֻ׼ôһֱ֪ϵ쵼Ϊ˻ڣ˶ί
绰һͨĺ˵Ϣ
һԾ
Ҫƽʱг϶ҪNɪһµġ
ӲžͲԾ
Ͻ˵쵼ϢҲ̫ʱˣҲ㱨Ϣء¶һ˫ϲŰ
гʵʲôϢ
Ǹոϵҽҩ˾ֻҪʡͬԵˣǾܺҽҩ˾ƽҩҩƷԼͶʽ˵ǲ˫ϲţ
гһ£ζ˼ӣϲ󲻴󣿡
ȥ̸ҾûܴΪҪ̸ҩƷǻҩڹǱȽ϶ġûʲôơҲʽȥоõҩƷأЩҩʱǻѹѹۡ
гһϲãʡѾͬˣͷͻصļǺúɼҪʡ쵼ʧ
֤һɼ


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г˵ϵҽҩ˾¶治١
Ԫ˹˾ֺϵʽ֮, ֱϵˡ
Լߵ˵һ£üСҽҩ˾Ȥ
Щҽҩ˾ǵصһЩӪҩʮʱ򣬻ҽҩʮֳ, ʱ򱻷ܶҩﶼֻԼ⼸Ҹĸ￪֮󣬾ͺܴˡЩģĹӪҩڹȽҩĳ£ӪԽˡ
ҽҩֶ, ԼҪܸߡǲ׷ϵ, رûʽԼҵֻ֧֡Ѱչ
֮£ǵǿ·
ֻҲ׼ֱӹͶʣ׼ȺһҽƲһԿ, Ч
˳ûҩ׬һǮЩǮȥз߸ɴȥ
ȻҲˡ
Ȼҽҩ׼, ܹڶ̵㣬Ȼǵö̵ˡ
ϵ˼, ҺԸܴ, Ƕڰ쳧¶ûȷΪ쳧, ҪʽͶ, Ҫⰲҩˡ
Щ˶ǵصϹ, ܶ඼ųӰҵġ
˵绰֮, 뵽һ⡣
׼ٳСҽҩĺڻڰһҺʳ, ҪǻʲôǮ, ڹֳɵģֻҪżȻѾɵĻҩùˡڹ, ԸⰲžͰţⰲšҲܴط
һ⳧ӲͰˣ
ϲͱǿ
ĺãûǴпΪģԸոյ绰ͺг˵ϵҽҩ˾¶
гĺϢҲǸ¶ƶһ¡
пҽҩ˾֮ϲ
ʵ֮ǰûƻģֻпյʱ˳İҽץһץץˣͽ⡣ţһľ߽ˡ
ʵ֤˹ȻţֻҪɻͱضջ
ȥҽǣȻ緢ľٿ˻顣
βֹҽϵͳ˹ᣬ쵼ǡ
Ȼλϣ¶Եġ
ϣҪԵ֪ͨʡѾͬˣҲǻڵһᡣ
ʧˣԺ¶ֲˡˣǾͿʡҸˣȫ
ЩɲＤ
ǻأЩˡ
ܶ࣬ҪڰգȻ¶ЩͻȻҲҪȥ졣ҽ飬ɻҽƸĸԵС顣һɽͬ־鳤¶߲ͬ־ֹܲ񣬾鳤Ϲ
ʱܣ˫۷Ź⡣
߲Ҳܸˡ
Ҳ¶֮ǰͨģҲͷͬ⡣
Ե֣Ȼû뷨
ô¶ûŸɣҲû˵ռҲӸϣˡ
˵ͷλǲȨġҲԸһġ
ҪϺáرǸĲţھϸȷ֮һҪȫΧ¶ϰ֪Ժвˣôвβ᲻ˡ
Ǯˡ
֮Щ˾ͺʹ˼Ѫһģ˴Ҵҵæµˡ
˼ƻ˱ֵĻԼͷĻᣬ˭úõĸɻ
һ˼ˡ
Ҫ¶á񲻶Ҳֵȥ¶
ȻҲûţҽҩ˾¶̸ء
ʮһѮʼˣŻѩǰá
ѩ֮ˣܶ¶㡣
ͦãʱ˵״
ԼûЩ֮ۡǰоˣֻΪǶ̫ˣۡϢҲôۡһԼѾٵĺӡЩ²⡣
Ȼεģʱⲻ˽š
룬ɴȥһҽԺ
ҽԺȻûȫ깤һЩѾԿʼˡ
˸ϴ
ϴǴġʮַḻ˼Ҳֹҽ
ȸȻ󲻸ȷ顣
ȷȷʵǻˡ
ϲ㰡״̬ܺá
ƽʱҲע⡣Դ׼֮ҹˡ
ҪעϢ̫ˡʵгҲǶзӦⶼǸĸġûϢãʡ
Ķŵġ
ŵ˿ڿˮ滳ˣ
ģǽ𣿡ϴʮĵʵ
ͷЩȻҲ׼ˣҲҰ˼ƻˡ滳ˣﻹǽšԴҲǿʲô˵ʲô
ϴȰҪ뿪㣬İ˶˵˵ԼһҪʱʱ䳤ײǰ
ϽͷȻԼ֮ƺǰЩһˡ
治װ
޷ЩӵĸףĻĺӣôܲء
ڻûʲôо;رϲˡ
ϴĶ֮ʱ򣬾ͿʼĬĬˡ
ʮ³ϵģڲһ¡
Ȼ̥ʮ£Ǵ˵ʵŸ¾ͻˡ
Ҳ˵߰¾ˡ
ʱر죬ʱƺͦѰġҪôð
ȻһʱӰ֪ͨһǰ˻ǻҲġ
ǵȵϡ
һԼĶӣһŻͲֱӵҽȥҽԺˣϲ㣬Ҫְˡ
绰ͷĬ˺һˣ
ж󰡣һ¡
Ԫڵ绰ЦЦЩƺ̫ˡ
ɵЦЦˣſʼ˵һ£겻¾ͿԳˡ
Ԫôûﲻ˵࣬ܡԷζҲ䣬˯Ҳ˯á
а׷ͦáˡ
ǾͺãңͰ˹ʳӪ
εûܾ
Ҳû˵ôԼҲô
úڶͷõ㣬ȻǸˡȷʵûʲô飬ԽҽԺءԪоĹҲġ
ǵһεˣﶼЩţ¡
ԪԶǾرѰ
֪ԼôҲ֪ڶô
ɹȥԼ޶
ҪǻڣǺ޲ȥơ
˵绰֮ԪþòƽԺһĺӣһ
ȲˣҹԼȥӪʦˡ
һҪӺãϣΣŵùġ
ľ˯ˣڶʱ򣬻ڻԼе¶ǲΡ
򿪴ͷ񿴵ʱٴȷԼڻˡ
ӣúõŬŬŬɳ
ȻˣҲû׼լڰ칫̥
øɶǸɶ
Ҳ˵ˣ״ǲģƽʱû⡣ֻҪС
ǲ׼Զˡ
׼ȥһ˶ԷЩҽҩ˾Ĳιһµģ׼˼ҹι۹عҵ


385 385
ҽҩ˾Ҳڽп졣
һ, ǾͰŴˡǢĹԼģ
صĹҵȻûȫ깤Ѿģ, ·޵ƯƯġڳͺλҽҩ˾Ĵ̸عҵ״
߶ѾڽˣȷҪҵʱΪѡһλýΪҩ˾ȾԣǵʱᰲΧ, ·ߡ
˳ҩĴЦ, ӻⰡ
Ϊ׬ǮƻˡҲӵġⷽҩϣϲòġ
ҩ, طȻҲǺڰ쳧ȷʵ, ܶ๤˲Ը
ЦҲкܶӴĹ, õĸ, ǿԵġߵĹ, ҲϰյĴ, 粹ġ, Ǻ͹̸ˡκ, Ҫѵġ
¶ȫûԼ߿ˡǻ, ڻռϷ硣
, ҩ϶ǲٵġʡԵδҪˣû׼طҲʵֲ, ʱѡҪҩ󣬿϶ѡʼоġ
˵ֿˣΪ˰쳧ҵѡʵкܶࡣڴҩļ۸ҲǺܾ߱ġ
ⷬǰ׼̸ҩ˵ƿˡ
·סˡ
ܹȷʵǵλ˼ģҪѰչ
ҺҲȷʵٳһչ׳
ر˻֮󣬿ߵĹҵչ͸ǸѡʡǽͨΪҵʩ豸Ҳȫ𻹵͡
Ϊ˸ҵʡǮǾһڸǮٸŻߵġ
֮ǰǾõġ
ڱһЩ뷨ȫˡ
ҪٿǿǣЦãҲ̸̸
λһͬˣȱڡ
ȥ֮дˡ
Լذ칫Ϣ骸ţ̡˿Ⱥţ̣
骵ǲҲ̫̰ˡ
Ц̸̰ͬġͿ˭ˡȥ̸̸
һЩţǱߡҪ̸ô죿
ǾͱˣҲϡȻҪҲǷǲɡǮ׬ĵλҲû˼õĻᰡȻСںʱ򣬻˵ʡԵ㵥λָҩƷ
ԺλҲǺģϣҲҪϣҪнȥ
ɲϣҵͲˣʱŪһ¸ְӡ
磬ûǣӸȥдˡ
ԼˮȥƳ
ˮǱ߶㱨ˣ˵ӾҪˣùȥ
ǰ칫ҽҩеĽ̸
ƽʱٸⷽĽӴġ
ҲϾ˼Լˡⷽ治Ҳֵȥɡ
˵û㶨ԣ͵ʲˡܲͬ־ʧˡ
̸ڵķչ̸ڶҽӣ̸ڹҵơ
ͷǶ֪ⶼĿõġ
ǾʵǻʲôҪǵأʲôĵطǿ˫Э
ҽҩ˾һۣȻǵǹһЩŻߵ⡭

ڳϣ֪¶ˣԿĺȣǰ
Ҳÿ֮··ûеһ·ƽ̯
ӸյˮȪƳſѾ˺ˡ
ףȪƳɹȴ硶ţسǡ
ƿֱס
ǳ˶ϲһ˸߲ңĵʹ֪ͨϢ
һ˭е¶ģǵװ߰ɱʱ򿴲ˡ
Ǳ档
ĺͻȻҲܵ͵һʼûע⵽ǼǵʱˣһϽš
Цϲ°
ıԱЩ˼ЩȪϵˣǿǵӰ
Աһʹĸŵ˵׻һӰҲУҪʮˡ
ЦãܺáȪҪˣⶼϵˡ
ҲЦҲͦӵģͺԼϵһ
˳ʱ򣬳ﳧѾˡ
Ľ𳧳緢⡣
ҳȥǮҪʼˡ
ȻûѾΪԼľܹϵӶյϲˡ
ҴԱǵɫͿԿܹϵǶô¶ǵȪƿϵء
𳧳Ϳȥ칫˵
Ҳû˵һҶ֪Ҳû׼
׼ǰѹþˡӵȷˣ
һ
ĥⶼˣûˡ
ҽ
֮ǰȪƳϵӵ¶ɶûô͡
˵¶𳧳;ˡ
ͶһǮ֮ӾȥˡǸȪư˼ڡÿһƬͷһ仰Ȫƣþơ֤ÿһܿǵ֡ȻڼȾƳԷ棬ǵľƿӡ
Ƕģֲ
𳧳Ƭεľ籾
ӡ桷һƬξǣ̾ϵĵһγɹԼĺͬ־Էóƿӵʱͬ־ŵıžƿӣȪƣⶼõ
иƬΣڻس棬и֪ǴˮȥģԼͬ־Ǿ۲ͣҲǺȵȪ˵ƣǵš
𳧳һӰҲҪСԲҹʱͺȵȪ
񣺡
ǻ׼Ĺ棬ϴκǽӴ֮󣬲֪Ĺء缸һʲôƾˣҾĺãҪȻ˷ǮԾû׼Ч
Լ治òˣͷúãҲҪϣҪȻȥˣûôãǿɾȫǰˡ
𳧳һֱȡƷõľơôߣҲи
Ͷ̫иˣǾ̫ˡ
ҾͷˣҾ͵һǵĵˡ
𳧳Ҫȥι۾Ƴ𣿡
ˣŴҹҲǹؼʱ̡ҪǴĺãԪʹһҲܴġ
𳧳ǾƳʱ׼ˡ
ôһ⣬ǶԾƳˡ͵ſˡ
ҲԽᵽһ쵼
ԼҪˡ
ԼԺҪ෢˲šܹ顣
ȥ·ϣ骣ûȥŶġ
骵ĹҲǾԲġ
Լ⣬ܽŵһֱѧϰѧϰꡣ
ʮͷˣټ꣬ʮˣְ᲻ȥô죿
骵ҾͶ
ҲУټҹһӡЦҲûǿ
˽ҲǲǱ䶯ġֻҲҪߵˡȻԼ⣬ҲߡţֻҪܹ֣ԺߵʱҲԴ骡
ȥʱܺãͲˣˣϽ㱨˵λҽҩ˾ɫܲõĴǰ칫ҳˡ
Ҳܲˣ֮ӣ˵̰ᡣ
ҽҩ˾˾ôˣ
ûߣȥˣдء
ЦˣУȻûߣǳԺʲôĻǺ֮ǰһ
εҾǺˡ
û¶ڣҪҲǴкģ۸ȥһˣëˡ
ͦģ˭ûء
šȥ
򴽣Լ㡣


386 386
ǻ汻ˡ
ǰҪЩ˽Ӵ, սȫ֪ЩҵȻۺ̰
⻹ǹӪĵλء
ҪǹҵЩҵ, ͸ˡ
֮ǰѹҵЩ˶㶨ˣ㲻ɼ˶̰
Ҫ⼸Ҫ˰渶һͶʣҵѹ
ôأ
ֱ衣
͸Ͻ骸ǵˮ, ɱˡֵá
û, Ҿǹ֡ǵҪǮ
񣺡
ҲԼıӺţ, ͺǵ˵, û̸ã
ô̸ã̫̰ˡ
ߵĽ̸˵һͨ˵Ŀĭɡ
ǰѶԷ˵ˡ
˾͵, Ȼְܹ, Ǻ˵ʱ, ûЩ
ҪʱֵĺǿӲ, ԷҲᡣ
, ⻹²ˡ
, ܾƢã׺ͺ˵Ǻôأ
ǲмЦһ, ô˵ôҲûڳ
ҲԼ˵ˡ
ȫܡ֮, ҩҪṩʮλͻںҩƷۼ۶ܰм㣬ϾҩƷɴ, ΪԳɱΪ׼ٷ֮ʮΪۼۡ
ԷʱҲˣ˲ˣҩƷۼ泶Ƥ
Ը⽲۵𣿵ȻܣһǮá¶û̸£ˡԷ²豭˵ҪȥǣȻˡ
񣺡ҿ۰
ǵʵҲ֪ҿǲģ̫ˡǹġ
ҿǾͲǳ̸ģǾǿӲסŵҵδҹҲչĲ̫áҲǸǻˡ
ЦŵȻӢⶼǵĺ
ǿ϶ˣȻûӴЩˣǰ򽻵˲١óҲﲻʲôæ
ǻЩΡ
ûʲô˵ĶԣҪû⣬Ҳ̸ǲ׼ɵġҩԻһȾǻڿʧġΪֲʧǲҪǮȨҪ
׾ͺãҵǸúúͷˡ
ãͬ־ҲǺܴġ
ЦȻɱˣΪֵˣȥˮջȪƳͶʵĵһҪˣйȪƵĹ棬ȪҪȫˡ
һϢȻϲһӣã˸ɵĻǲġȻ̾ǻǮĺݣҵʱҪúÿǮ׻ֵֵ
㶨ǣͻذ칫ˡҽҩ˾ǣҲûֱϵǡתͷͺҽҩ˾ѯҩۣԼĿܡ
죬ҽҩ˾ûȵǣǰͲסɴȥˡ
ΪģһģЦȥ
ƬԵȣںһЩλ绰æҽһ顣
ҽҩ˾һͼˡ
²ǻҪǺ
˽ŵĵһβȥ칫ҡ
˵λǲɢ
Ҳǣû̸£˳ҽҩ
ҩĴҲЦǰҲг̸ܹͨˡ
Цͺãһǲǲ̸ˣԸϽϵҽҩ˾ءµҽԵʵС
˸Ͻ˵̸̸̸Ǽ̸ġ
ǵȻϣܹԵġ
ͺ˵¶Ѿֹ׬Ǯˣǿܻ
ΪȱǮȱĵλʮеҪõĻᡣ
ҲΪʲôǱ˵֮Ȼߵ졣
ҪȻˡ
Ҫ̸ԼαһУ۾ͺú̸Ȱǵ˵˵
ҵûôˣʲô˰𶼲ˣ۸ֻܱм۱˰ٷ֮ʮߵˡ
񲻶ɫ
ĵǵöԱȡ֪ǿˣ֪ˡ
Ҳҿˡ
˵֮Ҳ̸ֻ۸ĲҪ۸ȥֻҪܡ

˫̸̽һм۵Ͱٷ֮ʮļ۸
Ȼû׶۸˫Իȥϸǵˡ
̸£֮ȥҵ绰Լλ绰գһֱæ¶
¶ųȷˡ
ǩһҩЭ顣
Цź֡
ԱߣҲЦһ׺͡ĲˡǶ֮ͦǰȥ̸ġ
ǩЭ飬ͻȫдǡ֮ǰûеġ
ķ档
һȥϰѵӴˡ
˲šĵӾƵ
Ȫϵˣһ𿴿
Ա߳Էŵ֪ϢϽŵӿ
ʮʱ׼㲥ˡͷǡȪƣþơôһ仰
¾ǼֶѣҶһˮǸƳľưôϵˡ
ϰＤȻǫ́ϵȪƣ𣿡
εԼľƣȻˡ
һԷĿЦ⻹ϵӵľˡ
˵оˡ
Щ˶һƿȪƣСһڣ˵ӵľƵζҲǺõġ
ͬ־ûģԼؼҺȣϰڼ䣬̡ˮٲǵġ
ҶֺǺЦ
ҽҩ˾죬ĵƳϵӣöֱʰҲ̫ûǮˡ
ߵҵʵǱȽۺġ
Щȡ

ͷȻûÿÿУռʻǺܸߵģرڳУϼҼһˡʵ綼ˡʽĺڰ׵ӻ
̨࣬ҲסǶϲ
ֻҪһеӾ粥Ӿǲͣġ
һ죬ȪƵڴȫ
Ȼûûһڶ죬֪֣ӡ
δԷʱ򣬿ˣҲǡ֮
Ȼû˵һӺǵӹЧӦǴ˺ܴ
Ӹղָմһͷˡ
𳧳ų۶ʱ۾ˡ
ķûǺܴġ
㲻ĹҪȥˣ㣬Ҳô֪С
ùĵӹһ飬ҪǿȻӾǶǲҲ
һҪĺáܸĲ
ЩǲģںԼӪʦ档
Ӫʦ֣ʮˡԲһЦͺܺͿź֡
ͺְ̡
ְˬҹչҽһ㱨һ£Ҿͻȥɻˡ
Կ׸Ժˡ
ɱҹʺܸߵģͦáҵöԵݹʡ
ְ˵ƺЩΪ̹ϣֱ˵ˡ
УԺദͲôˡ
ְԿ׾ͻȥˣ˵ҪҪӡ
û˵ɶȷʵҪˡ
磬ûʳóԷˣؼԵġ
ûſڣŵһζζȻ鲻Խʿˮˡ
ӣԲԼԡ


387 387
ǰ˵ר˸˿, кܶ
ְķ˲ᵽȷʵҲǴġ
һľرõģǾƷ
ɫζȫҲ˵˵ѡ
̵ְܵʲôƷ
ļžʿˮ, żֱͷ̵
ʳﶼûɶθڵ, ȼ붼ŻԼŵĹĹĵĶ, ó԰
ְ̼ϲ, ҲһЦݣʳҲ򣬱ȳﻹҪ㡣Ժʲô, ҶǳԵ嵭, С⽡
ֿʼʿˮ, ֱͷ
ԷԵú, ˵Ҹжˡ
ǰҲԷ⣬ܳԾСڳְķ֮, ֹǳԷ, ˿ġ
ĥϸԪ绰, Ԫ˵һ
Ԫ鵹ڷ绰ˡ
զŸҴ绰ˡ
绰ͷԪЦо߻վˣߵ绰ѾͨˣԺֱӴҵĵ绰뱨
¼, Ȼȵôͽ˰ǹصעϷЧʾǸߡƻûá
Ԫ, ǱӦҲ, ʱͨ͸ˡ
, ȷʵ, Ȼܳʱͨ, ˵ʱ򲻵ҲͦõģͷϿ϶ҲҪվģʱүүһԺ绰ͷˣܵλ
ʵۼ۶Ǯһ̨
򡣡û˵ѻҪǧ
΢Ц
ʮֹʽۼۻƫߣƳɱҲܸߡԺҪץзȡ۸ܴﵽͨѶĿġҪȻͨϰնòϡ
˵û֮ͨǰͶʣѾһּ׼зţ߼ͳɱδռġҪڵĹ̡Ԫ
־ʤҶġھϹŶˣҲҪ¶̵ְˡһٷرóԣرϲԡҳ˺ö࣬ڶˡ溢ллְ֡
Ԫԣɫ˵ᡣ
Ӧġûвû㲻
ûܹԵġԺܳԡ
ԪЦǾຢһˡ
Ļش𣬡ԵģְֲҪҪúùҪġ
šԪӦˣȴ޲ȥԼӺͻûгĺӡ
Ѱ
˵绰칫ϵĹиͺӵ鷭ſ
Ҫŵùĸҽ绰㱨ѯ֢״òá
Ǳҽ˵ԷȽܳԣ˵״̬ܺãõġֻҪעӪҪ̫ˡҪעʵ˶
ԪŸֱڱʼǱϼ׼ְעⷽ档
ְڴϣԼ˶ر̤ʵֻص֮ǰûеʱ״̬ˡ
ٲÿҪԵʲôԼͿúڶûӪ
Ŵѩ֮ǰҽҩҵʽ˹ǩյЭ飬ԼҺҩѡַ
¶һߵҽϵͳͶæµˡ
ҪǢ̸ҩĶۣۡ
һ󹤳ˡ
Ҳûôֻ֡żʱȥһǵ۽˽ȡȻѩǰȥ漸Ӳ칤
æЩæʮ·ˡ
ʮ¶˵رġ
ͨʡǵĹ·ˡ
صĹҵĹҵ԰ҲˣھͲΧһЩʩ豸ʩ
ˮȪƳˡ
ɽɽֳɽͼҲˡ˴ա
ÿʮ£Ҫһ깤ջʱ
ڵÿһÿһ壬ÿһ򣬻лĸܽһĳɹʱ򣬶ϲġ
Ͳ˵ˣĸȸԣģǰ档
عҵ԰ȻһֱʩһЩͿʼˣƸĹҲܶࡣ˱Ͳ࣬ȥ䲻ʵģ˻϶л빤
е蹤ҵͶʵĴ񣬻طֺԱ϶档
ˮƳͲ˵ˣȻӽ껨˲ǮҲ׬ˡ
𳧳ҲЩǮȡߡΪĴȻѡǮڳͶʡ
ǹ⿴ĿЩˡ
ջֱ۵ľǺɽˣҼһֳͶ룬Ҳ̣ȱƤȱʱ򣬳Ļȫ·Ǯ
ȥǮʱ򣬿ЩǮ۾ð⡣
ϰǶ㣬һӴ󸻴ֻҪһһãͶˡ
˵һһûѾȷ¶ء
ҲֹǮ飬Ǹҵ¸ķ¸ĵ·
֪ʲôҲõԼ˴ֻҪǮӸźʹɣ׬Ǯˡ
ӴҲԼѧ˼Լȥֳ
Ҷ֪ԼδôߣȥͷֻܹȥһһأЩֻԱӵʳ
ڴҶףյʱ򣬵һѩҲ
ĸɲǿûʱϢ񣬰Ұ˿ղͳơ
ΪҽƲ׼
ʱСӣԺƾŲȥҽͿʹò
Ӷǰڷģֻڻˡ
ڻڳڹģֻҪеλ֤Ҳ
ɲ֪Ϣ֮󣬵һʱҲǾϲ˷ܡ
ȻǸɲҲˣҲмˣҲġ
ĪľͶ˵㰲ȫˡ
˽Ϣ֮󣬶ſʼ߼ҴǼǡ
Ŷ񣬻ϡ
ϰǼЩðŴѩ˿ڣͦ棬ͬ־ǲ鳬𣿡
¶Ĺͬ־Цڻ˳벻
ⲻ²СǰȫʲôҲǺܰȫҪȻ˭ģҲóˡ
ͷԭһΪӣһǲСĻˡ
ԴϰտԲҵͶûԸΪӳˡΪˣҪȡӰͶȨ
һ൱׬ʮǮȥһܲϵĺӡ
ڽǮǰ˼תĺܿ졣κδ縻ԣЧ졣
ͬ־ڲõˣϾҽƲˣǿȥͬ־ȥˣʮ飬Ůͬ־Ҫʮ
ʵôô࣡
ⲻչͬ־⻹ã
ôչŮͬ־˵Ůƽ𣿡
԰߹ͬ־ȥϾŮͬ־ӶˡŮͬ־ӵʱвͬ־в๫ƽ

ʮ߼Ҵ֪˻ҪҽƲԵ¶ˡ
Ժͷ۸ðҩһðҩܾһǵǮȻִҲӦĲġ
ʵϢûĶҲֲѡ
Ϣ


388 388
ǰ, Ǯȥء
ȻԼҪǮǻٶˡ
˭ﻹûռ˵뷨ȥܲԼȥܲⲹ, ҲռˡԼ
˷⾫Ļܿˡ
ʱ˵, ֻǳ, ǳʵ, Ҳ˵ָһ죬˻ռء
вϽβڲϧ, Ժûռ, ˡ
Ϊ, ҲܻǼ˿ڵĹԱĹ, °Լ˸©ˡ
ͳˣһ, ȻԤƵһ㱨ˡ
һ, ûܽܡ
ľʵ, ڵ˻ǹġ
ĵطСô϶׬Ǯ͸Сѹˡ
ǿĿۡ
뵽ǸϰβģȻ, ǵü֡
ҺϼƺûˣͽҽƲļᱨˡ⻹쵼Ŀ˲С
ļûȥ, ﵹµʶ⡣
, г, ԺгƳǵġг, ֮θгҲǺ塣
Ϣʱ, Ҷһ
ԭгȥ֮󣬱˽гλãͷгӣǿɾӰˡ֮ǰһЩƻҪܵ谭
ںθгȥͺˣ쵼ˡǹϵһĺá
ٻڻǻ˳˳ķչġ
͸εĺг绰ϲ˳㱨
Ȼʾ¶֮ǰгڵģڲ֪զŵģ쵼ָʾҲ֪ô
г棬һ²ͶȻ֮ǰģǾͻСհģڵĹһֱӣ±䶯ҲӰǵġ
⻰̤ʵǻͷȥˣȥ㱨
УҰ칫гЦ
˵绰г˵ĳ˸ϲ̣⼸һֱ˷ء
ǰҲǱŰݵ뷨ģ˭֪ᰡ
ĥԺҪСͬ־
ǸɽΪֵΡ
磬źȥˡ
ȥǡ
λҲǺġ˭ֺǺǵġ
ͺ㱨˹ȣļǡ
ЦЧͦ߰˵ҩѾ仧ˣǻ˿ղ飬ô̵ʱô飬ܲ
ЦҶǰ¶ϰǹĴڡһɽͬ־С鹤ЧҲȷʵߣûûҹӰ࣬¿಻ۣѩһߺѩһһȥˡһɽͬ־ҲǺЩûϢˣ۾Ѫ˿ˡ
˵ʱһ£ʹ䡣ĺ˶˼ˡȴĻŭš
Ҳ˳⻰Ѻ˼䡣
ƳǷչ֮ʣҪõ˲ŷԼʱҲ࣬֯񣬶ǿõġ
ֱͷ
¶֮Ǿ˵Ҫȥʡٸ¡
Ӧûģ֮ǰ쵼ͬˣ˵¶û⡣
߸ѡ
Ҳģ˵һ쵼ˣ쵼鷳ˡ
쵼ڵּˣҪ尡ͷȥǻߣȥǶȫ硣
Ц˵ϲ˵ûҲϲӴʽôԼһһ׵ĸ쵼˵
ġ
ЦҡͷǸϽߡ
Ͻźȥгϲ㱨ܵĽӴ
гҲɽ͸˵ףǵĲһµģǷչƳǾá
ԶĲ˵ֻ˵ƳǡǻǼƻȴũҵʼҲҵ˼ֲֳƳǻҪЩġϾҲûԴˡҲڵģʽҲǻũҵΪģũҵҵƳԺҪߵҲ·ߡ
г˵Цڵ˸ðǺЩܸơСհ˵ҪĽǶȣ׼ôչƳǰ
¶Ϊѣ뵽ҲƻЩҾûˡ
νƨɾԴе˼ǻڣҲֻõڵȫò
˵ϸʺƳǵķչƻûϾûǸλ档
гҪ˼ڻúãԺҲܳġʱ׼ҲҪƳǣƵĸطȥʡ̸֯쵼𻨸ڣˡ˭˵׼ء
һĵӦòô߰ɡ
ɼǽ˸ػû¥ء
ȷʵҲҪδˣͷ֪쵼һѧϰ۲졣
ʡԪ֮ġ
1985һʮţļʽ·ˡ
Ȼ󻨸ڵϰǾ֪ˣһʮ𣬾ͿʽŲȥҩܲˡ
ɸ巢ŵġ֤ÿܵ
˻ģǸճĺӣϵĲܶˣ
ϢŴŷȥڵĻˡ
Ͼ½ģһҽԺ
ҪӵǰԤλβҲǼŶӣǹðҩġ׸ðļˡǰ᲻ҩȵˮͺˡܲһߡҩȥš
ܹԼ㣬˭Ӳأ
ҽԺǰδе֡
Ҳ֣ȥ˸졣
µĶѾ΢΢͹һ㣬Ҫϸѹˡ
Bʱ򣬿Կӳ˺öࡣѾССһˡ
˵һ¾ܸܵ涯
̸ְ˵ıʾȥҪ´Ӫ֤͡ӳɱ׼أúͺӶ
˼ң͸Ԫֻ˸绰˵¶
˵ҪBǸƬӸĹȥ
ˣˣǹӾҪˣ
񣺡ǰҪȥ׶񡣡
ⶼˣΪһ׼˵¶
¶һ֮ż׷Ϳ¶
Ԫû£Ұš
񣺡

Ĵ¶ʮգΪ˰ĹڣԻǶ˶ʮġ
͵ǰȥˡ
꣬ڻڹġȥҲڻڡ굹ǲôæˣ١
Ҳò٣ϾҪ
ǼҪٻȥ飬ʱһɻ󣬡Ҽǵá֮ǰǲǽһΣ
Цû취޵Զ߶Ҫϡ
̾Ůͬ־аɣ㰲ȥｻˣҽ겻ȥꡣš
ԣϲȥžۣ
ûʲôҪ˵ġû¶廹Ӳʣ֮žҲС
жˣõͬ־ǵȥǻȥ˼һ㱨ʱ˼һһžˡھȻȥˡ
ǰ칫ҵʱѵøԵţԺ󶼲ˣš
мпڵģꡣʱһڰ칫Ի
ЩˡȻ̾ӡ
Ҳ֪˭ˡ
һһ뵽ɶԡǿ϶˺Ӱˡ
ӰҲס߶߶ˣ˾ڰ칫ˡ
񣺡


389 389
ȥʱɻȥġ
ƽ귢չĺ, Ѿͨ˵׶ĺˡӾǰ׶ʱˡ
ȻΪӰ죬΢ӳһ·ʱ䡣Ǳ·;еĳʱ䣬ɻǸ㡣
رδĸͶ
ϲڸ߿գϲ̤ʵء
ɻõȺЩء
ɻ, Ԫչ˵, ԺúȺ, Ǻ, ˯˯ţ۾ڿӵBƬ
, , 춼ϰˡ
ڰ칫֮, һֱڰ칫ҵȵ°, Ȼһؼҡһ⣬Ȼ󿴵ӵƬ֮, Ų, ر˯ʱ, ˵֮ǰо΢΢̥ҹ˯ͶŶӿë
ԪҲ濿, Ȼýһ㣬ָƬ, Ҿ, ôôС, ҪôŻ᳤ܴܴ󡣡
ϲ, Ȼü, ʵǰ˵ô糤𣿡
Ԫ΢ЦԼӡȻǺԼӪӡ
ˡȻ۾˯ȻԼģǺĸǺӰְֺͺӶ֪ġ
Ԫһ¡
Ȼһһҹʱ䣬Ҳоϵ΢΢仯˵ʱû£ͻȻ˦ɫ
ıʼⶼΪ仯Լ֪
֮ǰ⣬ϵ˼ǳġı仯֮۵ġǵ񣬼ǿ񣬴Ϊж֪ĿƲס
ΪǣҲǶ˭Ƣֻ
֮ԶƢֻΪˡʶǻġ
зƢôࡣԪ
һ˯׶
гˡ
ֱӵԪլ
֮ǰԪĵʱѾˣȻҲǺϤġ
ԪүڼˣǻˣǸϽȥʰʰǲҪϢҪԶ
һ˵ԶͶˣ˵·ȥԷ
ԪүóǱ߸Ͻõķ˶˳ǰ׼õġ
ԸˣԪүӾλϵˡԪ鴩ë³ʱֺǺǵĿӡ
ѽѽһ֮󣬲֪˵ʲôˡ
뷢һ¸пǿǸ飬Ͳ˵ˡ
ʵѾ뿪ˣʼԼˣÿû¶ȥ̫壬һЩϸɲһȥɢ
ֻǵĴ֣عͥˡ
˼ھ;ñˣȻ˵ĺү˵˺ӵ
˵ӶѾᶯˣүӿɼˣããо
ֺ֮˵߻׼¶
ΪˣһЩ̼ˣ߸ˣҪ˲ġ
񰡣ߵ˶ź𣿡
ˣǰͬѧûϾˣ䣬·ϲߡ
ռǱߵˣû
̵Ͼˣû˽̣˳ھ顣֤չˣû
ǲ̫̫ʱеģ̫ˣ·ϻߡ
һҲһˣҪԪףһ£ǲڡ׶ʵҳҲϵϣҲûϵ
үӼˣҲû˵ʲô
ϱİŻûġֻԼǵõʱдϱЩͬѧʧӡ
Ϊ߻׼ĲˣԪҲûôģͷڼҲϢһͰˡ
һ˺ܶˡ
ҲٴμԼĴѧͬѧǡ
Ƿ׶ϰġЩطģҲкЩϵˡ
ˣҲʮˡ֪飬ˡ
˵ǣҵţҲ׶ءҲˡ
žѾ뿪ˡ
ԼģصϼҡҲϵˡ
Щʧ䣬ȥοʵԼ롣·ϣĻ鰡
ΪӣҲù¶ͺԼͬѧ졣
ﹻ󣬻һǾ졣
ţˣֺ˴к
˵˵ڴѧ¶˵˵㻰˵һξۻᣬûӰˡ
Цʵ̫æˣҳϴ´δҷżʱˣȥ档ôǳȫ磡
೤Ʒô𣿡
õúܣȥ˾֪ˡЦŵ
Ҿ˵ˣ´ξۻȥơںзɻˣԺҲ㡣
Լ´μʱ򣬴Ҳӷɣ·ֻص˴ѧʱ
Ȼ˵Ԫ¥
೤ٳʾֱ׬ˡ೤Լȥˣ˻׬ˣ
ǿǿϡ
ͺòǻð೤Ҫģ೤ô˸ƭˡ
ܽƭǽа顣һڱ繤Ůͬѧ

յͬѧۣ̲סЦݣоԼҲصǸʱˡ
ഺ磬飬ɶҲòġ
Ԫʱ򣬾ͿЦӣҲġĺЩͬѧкӭǵĵ
ЩѧϵĶ죬ϾУڼ䣬ȥԪι۹ģǻλԪʮֵĺףӡ󶼺ֻܲû뵽Ͱ೤˻
Ƕ׷ײ²⣬λǵʱ˼˰ɣһӽ೤ѹȥʵϰʱλ೤
ô׷ġ
೤׷ٰ߲ϵĶУˡ
Ϊ೤ż׼ϸһ˴ﲻǱ׼ֹֻλȫϰ೤ż׼̫ˡ
Ҳû˾ļãϾλ೤ûҵȥ߻ˡǾͲϲֵˡ˼Ҿôߡ
Ԫ˼һ£ȻĻش𣬡ƶľ
Ȼ΢΢һЦ˺Ŀ½͵׻˵ģƤôײǽҲġ

˶񣬲ţԭ೤ϲ
˵Ǳİжˡ
Ԫ飺
Щ˻ǵԪǰİٶرǻرչЩѧһľѧϵѧȥԪѧϰǻͦƳš
ôͣҲ˵ͨ
ԭˡ
ͬ־пˣǻкˡ
׶ķеġ
Ԫ˺ܶ࣬ԭڹʶһЩˣлعʶġ
߹ȥʱ򣬺ѹѹһƬˡ
йůģεǴһİɴΪУûлױɫãŨüۣݰס
εû֮ǰڣֻ֣߹̺˵ǰĽָ
ȻѾ˻飬ӶˣҲֻ߸ѡ˶Ծýϵ̬ʽ
棬Ԫүˣϴλò֣βԲ
ô˿ԪһĽӰˣɼˡ
ŵѧǶ̨ϣȻ׷׸пǰ೤Ҳ̫ÿˣ
ͬ꣬ҾȻǰ೤ĳˡ
ҲţԪô׷೤ˡ


390 390
ٴԪӵԪ, ֪Ԫж١
֮ǰԪ齲ˣӡ;Ԫûʲô, ͹һˡ
Ȼˡ
ȻȺʵԪҵǺܶġռȫ嶼ŵģǺͳƵǴ塣
Щ˹ʱԪһﲻ
ԪĽܣЩ˶Ԫķ֧ЩϵʵԶˣΪ⼸˶ϵϵһֱάˡ
Ҫ, ǻ֮ϵ
֧ǿűҵ֧άָԷչҵҪʽʱ򣬷֧ҲͶʽҶȹѹء
Ԫ˾ս, Ȼܹάԭ
˵, ʵҲûٸˡ
Ԫ鱾˴СǻûʲôӴСʱǻڼﲻ, û˻, ЩҲ֮, Ȩ, ЩҲ¹졣˵, ˵湲ͬɡ
ֹϵ, Ǳݹϵ򵥡Ԫ֮ǰûݴ߻¶
ϲϲ, ùǡԪֱӵҲ͹һ, ʱ䶼ġ
֮ǰ˵Ļ, ûɶ, ô, ûһݡ
ͦġ
۵ı˱, û¶, Ժúù
ԪЦŲ˲Ķͷá
һԪҹ꣬Ԫ߳鷿һ극֪ϲ֣ͳԸѡ
⵹Ԫ˾ȲѣλǴһԷġ
ɼҵˣǲһˡ
үӸ˵ĺģơ
һֱӺſˡɴϻţҵ 
Ȼ˼ٵģҲ׶
Ҫ̫ˡ
̫䣬ҲšÿڼԳԺȺȣû˼
˳һҵӣ˾ʰغˡ
ԪҲ׶šϾԪҵĻϷ
ǰפ׶Ϊ˰£Ϊ׶쵼ǰˢڸСҵȶˣϲϷ
ֶ˸طˣĵط
׶ĴլӣԪϲںƻСǸҡȻ󣬵ܰ
Ҳõġ
ˣүפվſڿš
ϹܼҶҪǲá
ү˦˦ȣ˭ˣ᲻
Ϲܼû˵뷨ġҲҪ᲻áʵڲʺӡò֣˰ܼӡӣĿϾͰϰɡ
ȥķɻʱЧ˵Ϳˡ
ǽͨͨŵҪˡҽԪԺⷽҵ񣬶Ҿ׬Ǯ
˺ʡ˻ʡǼϢһ졣
ȻԼ滹ҲʮأԼõ״̬
ںƼɾͱ׶Ҫˡ
˻ѵõ˯˸ر˯˵𴲡Ԫ͸һ֧ƶ绰ˡ
߻վҲˣҸŪһ֧ѾˡԺǾ绰ȽϷ㡣
ӹ˸ǷǺҲҪˡ
ǵλģҪռ˲㡣
ҲǣһԪ绰ʱм¶¶˾Ͳˡ
Ҳˡ
Լˡҵÿһͨʡ绰
ҪԼѵϰߡǮûƽʱȫûġ
Ϊһ֯ĸɲҲķ涼Լһ롣
Ԫڸ¹·⻰͵ͷһʾͬ⡣
Ľ֪ļ֣Ҳء
ֲһ䣬һ˽ˣǵðҽϡ
ԪЦ
ڶԼɷ˻СԼĵ̣ˣġ
Ͻŵɹǹ֮ȥ칫ҷšԼͬ־˸
骸жˡ
ûǮǸ⣬ͼ
֪Ҳûؼҹꡣڵ걻˷֮Ѿ޼ҿɹˡ
Цڿ֣ϲơ
ϲۻڱ뷢ƣô󷢡ˣأȥǰݸꡣ
⼸ȥˣ˵Ҫȥοʴҡ
Ҳοʹϰյģ֪ࡣ˼ˣǺúøɣ˼˸ˡ
ﰵЦ׬ǮаʡǮġ
ںɽţɽοϰա
ţɽǰΪɽҲɶɽ֣ûɶԴ
谭ǳȥչ
ɽȴǵĽɽɽɽֳǽ궼׬ǮҶ⡣
Ľĺ
֪ǹ˾ҵĻӭʽӵĴǸǣӹζ
ˣҼһˡ극ǻﶼƮ㡣
ҲȥЩ˼ſڲˣԼҵ̨һԵĻǺ
ѹǮ귢˾û궼ȥǳԡ
ϺˣǸɲʱѼǿԵġܻǮ
Խ궼úá
һȦȻƾɵķӣϰҸЦݣҲţȷʵתˡ·ӻûüǣܻ꣬ǵġ
Щϰס©©ķӣûϣӣʲôĳ
Ҳ롣
ֻԼ⻨һ
ͬ־ỨǮҲ׬Ǯ
ֱӺҲҪ·޹ҵôˡ
Ǯ滨ֵ
Ż֮ǽһˡ
꣬Ȼ˵ˣĻҪ硣巽ˣֻɾС
ãûôࡣЦЦʮֲáȻˣΪ磬֤ϰǵҸ׶˵Ķá˵ȥζŬĹ
ΪǣɸˡСհɲرζ
ܹͦΪʲôܶಿ쵼ϣȥһˡ
һлЩ
֮ǰڱĸλϣ궼ûġ
ǻֻ͸ŽӴ
ҲǾ֮ĺܶ뷨ҲһЩı䣬Сգ֮ǰ۹⻹̫ǳˣԺҶǮ¶棬ǲôˡԷչΪ
֪ôͻȻıˣһ뷨Ŀá
ⶼǺͷ
ǣ˵ҿǸˡʵ֮ǰҲãܵϸ񣬾ͺһҳһǲ׷
Цҡͷ˵ĺˣԼܶࡣ꿴ϰӹĺˣҲеᵽ㵱ࡣЩǮҲֻǸ֣ȥˣϰ˵Ǻӡ
˷ּǣ⻰ǻԺ϶ܹչĸõġ
ҲЦӦû᲻ȥڵ춨ǷչһꡣҲջһꡣ
˵Ķԣ԰ǵøԼӵѹܲܽ겻ȥꡣȥ㶨ˣ׼ŪĿҪڻ档ҽ黹·ɵ޺ˣΪ֮·Ҳޡѹǲ󣬴׬ǮˣǵʱҲܳǮ
ǾеҲһЩ·̫㡣ǲŷչܶطûϡΪȷʵҪϡ
ͷ˷ˣ˿ˮڶһЩʩ豸·ƣͼݡ繫԰֮ġ
Щʲô
ЦԵͩ÷׼ζȼƷãɽɫʱκȶȼ٣á
ǵ׬Ǯ𣿡
׬ôܲ׬أǸڵḶ́رεĲƸǿġ룬ȼƽʱһЩԣˣЩԣǲҪѣǾͻ˿һƬгԸ⡣⣬Ǿʹͨҵչ
ڵ쵼ʱ򣬾е뷨ֻʱ̫㲻
ڵǿԿʼƻˡһǻǳڷչ׶ΣĿѾˣֻҪʱˡͿԿʼȼˡҪʱģҪʱ䣬Ҫʱ䡣
ŵԺǮٶٸ㡣ô֧֣еˡ
ˣ֮ǰԼǻ˵ףԵʱ򣬻ǽţ𣿡
ᣬһеġڲԺҲǰ˳Ҳǿǵı¡۵ġ
ʮ
Ȼۣǻ˵ȥˣҲܷڡңûǰɣҾÿǴ¶
⵱Ȼˣ۵ÿᡣƶϸڷΪҪġǶ밡˸ƨ
ǣԼﶼء
ʵ˵Ҫ㺢Ժ˵


391 391
ģʽر, ԽķչҲġ
ͽ˵֮Ҳûſ, Ȼȥƻˡ
Ȼ缸е뷨ϸڼƻûءҪһˮأ羰ʣʺ϶ȼ٣ϣС
Ҳʱ㲻, ʵĸʱˡʮʱ򣬻ԷʲŶʮһµʱ, ûһµĹʾһס
ܵĻǻܡ
ǰҲ׼׬Ǯ, , ֻҪЩ˾ܴ÷չ
񼤶, , ӵǱһ¡
Ц, Ӵ, Ҳƻð, Ժ󽨺ˣҲȥ档ȥ㣬, ȻԼ, ԡ
, Լֲϲܵ˶ȥء
ٻûռ, Ҷûʽ, Ͻ
, 뵽ʲôͱ
ҪȻ˯˯š
ϻؼ, ߺͺԼϺ飬ԪԪ̸¶
ֲ
ԪҵȻԸġ
ǵĹϵ͵Ρ
ԪֻҪͨʩȫһῼǡֻʺ̸⡣
ûҵʿٽ˫ǻṩأһЩǮҲٰ̻֮ġ
˵ţԪ֪ĺţ˷ܵԺҵʿˣҲ﷢չ̻ҪԴԴϵѪҺ
ԪЦ㶼֪ã¸սãˣ
߾ˣڵʱҸ顣һʱϰЩӻǻá·ĵӣǸ㷢չ
Ǻ
ǰߵ˶ô˵һʮԺ
Ԫ費ҪĿʶһЩƹ˾ʩλ
ֶȼٴ壬ɲҵλƵĺòˡ
бۿߺţĿ׼ģ˭úãɱͣҲŸ˭
Ԫ飺
극Żʼӡ
ϸڣʩλȻλƣõСɡ
û취ż̵ߡ
ҺˣһµӣȻʼһȥලල
һ˵Ҳ棬·Ӿ˳һС¶
ԪҲĻشڴǰһ£״ʺϹ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬͵ȥҲ˵Լӣӣ¶ܹ
ͻȻЩпҲܶ࣬˵Ҫ¶ʿԷֵͺˣһ£㻳¡Ȼʱ˭п˭
Ԫ飺
Ȼ֪׼Ѫһ䣬ǺĻش𣬡Ըֵ
㵱ȻԸҲܷ̾ʲôʱҲˣŮƽȨԿǰһ󲽡
Ԫ˵öԡ֮⣬֪˵ʲôһλʱ̹ŮȨ׼衣
Ŀ죬ȥÿ졣ܿͱԼķչת뷨ϽƻȻԪۡ
ⷽԪоˣϾԵľεĿͻ
һֱĵ˯ǰ
ڶ죬־ȵ칫ȥΪжЩ̰˯ļûˡ·һӾͳ˾
̶ְãҪǴŶӣڻС
˵ְ̣ǻĸɲǣ벻λ쵼ڻڣٻû꣬Ϳʼƻˡ
ǱǻţһĹˣ깮ȥĳɹͺˣ겻ȥæµˡϾڵĻѾˣҪǣΪһλиﻹΪʱӦöȽҪϢ꣬ҹĺɣ졣Żûռ٣ͱ֪ͨˡ
ָæӼݶûӴꡣ
λ鵹СģġҪļ쵼ѡ
ǰѽļƻһ˵Щ춼ϲ£ˡ
Ǹ·һЩʩ鵱Ȼû⣬ϾЩǵشԳһġ
ҲԼļ԰ܲܶ
ǡ¶ģ
վָźڰĵͼȻѾֵ˻ڵƣǻдƬĵطǻŵģòϡ̫˷ˣǸú
ƻҲһͣǷֲɡѹҲᡣ
Ϊˮ򣬻ԼɽҵɫԻĸҪ󡣹عҵҵפҲʮϸģ˺ܶ෢չǾ͵ôӱķ淢չڡ̬ʺǻڵɫ
ţ֮ϸ˼ 
Цŵ֮ǰ޵ȥʡǵ·ھͺƣĽͨǵơ
ʱκζˣƺɶá
˶û⣬ǺͻȻһĿ궼û꣬оûӦ
ȻǲӦǣǾȻţû˵
֮ǰҪɤӲͬǻǮĿ
Ҳǵ۹ֱ̫ˣǶ˼ˣüʲôǾô
ҾͦõģҽʱҪЩϣȫṩ
߸Ҳû⣬ȻỨǮǣǮҪȥ׬ġԽԽˣ궼룬ֲ ⲻ󡣡
⸱ǵշҲ翪ʼˣһûһȫ ȶỷ
ô˵һЦݵĺǵҲˣǵͬ־Žᰡֻ֧ڵķչŽͬ־Ŭͬ־кܴϢûڸһ̨ס
Ҳ˵ȡ
Ļͬ־γ²ɡ
һҲûУ־־ϲ̫߳ˡ
Ҳˡ
Ҳһĸ㽨谡쵼֧ ǿɲȣҪŽᡣ
ί֮¶Ƕˡ
Ҹ԰ҪΪļƻṩһЩϡ
ȻҪѡַȥҽĶ顣
Ϊ¶ÿæķġҲÿԷ˯ʱ䣬Լɷߡ
Ԫ鵽ʱҲûôӺܸˡ
ֺ֪Ϳˣܲܳܣ˲Ż
ҲһЩϣο
Ȼʮ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
Ҳǹæһֱ
֮ڶֻܻܱ֤֮ǰϻ
񣬶Բ𡣡
Ԫεġ
εĶ֪ô˵ˡ
ļ̧ͷʲôöԲģǻǰѾ˵𣿶һӵʱ϶Ҷ࣬ǲǻҪǸ
ԪЦҡͷ
ǷޣǸսѡֹͬԼÿһ׶εĹϡж֮׼ý־С
Ԫվֱ˸񣬡׳ʱ׼šȻЦһȥƿһλϸ̰֡
ŶЦ
ſӵˣվź֣Ͷĺ˵ְҪȥ׬Ǯ̷ˡ
ȳӿˣͻȻʧһ£ϰ߿ǿ¡
Һûй


392 392
˴, ھͳ׻ָ˺ĽС
Ȼûʼ裬֮ĵ·ǿʼˡ
ˣҪͨ·, ҲҪһˮ·
ÿ׼ȥ·Ĵɲ, ӿʼֵ·
֪Ϳʼ·, ҼһҲ˲롣
ǵĻûǰô, ôˡ
жȫΧģԿǱ¹ȥĸ, ľһȺ·ֵġ
ͺûһġ
æϸ㽨, Ĵ¶ҲǶˡ
һڵĻ, ϵϸ, ڰλøˡ
Ϊ˱֤ҽ㣬϶ǲ̫ԶġȻǻ⣬˻, Сϴֳڵƺ
ƺڻڲĺ, ʤڷ羰λñȽԽ
Ȼ, ϶Сϴ, Ϊ˱֤䰲, ʵСϴҲԶСϴһߡ
к, ôûءƺҲе, ֮ǰֳ, ͣ, ɻġ
һ, СһޡȻغټӹһ¡
Ȼ, ô, Ҫȥרҵʿġ
ͼĴСһ⣬ڰѵطѡ
һļһָܱߵĵطԺｨ꣬лԺ̸⣬ۻᣬˣﻹὨеĹ
Ժﳵ
ɲ緢Ŀź棬δ棬һڴ·Ѿһˡ
ǵ쵼ȤƬϸ㽨裬гɾ͸С
˺磬˳ɾ͸УͰ¶ˡ
ȥͺͽȥ쵼㱨һ¶
ϾҲｨĴ¶ܲܲ쵼˵һ
ڸ㽨裬ҲҪṩһЩ֮ġ
ܷչεĺгǱϾһ֣֮ǰ¶ܵġ
͡ǷͷжȥԼĶͷ˾
гһֱæѧϰֳ¶Ҫ¶ˣ͵æĹ𣿡
ЦæʱѾȥˣæĹ
¶Ųɡ
гҲˣԻڸˡ
һֻϲ
ԭΪæȥЩѾʮѵˣ꿪ж
ʵʵڵķչȷ档
ãֻҪĹ϶֧ǵġķ羰ҲｨĴ¶⻹ǵһҸģֻҪǱû⣬ҿ϶ֵ֧ġ
к쵼ĺôˣ㷢չ÷Ѿ
Ͻл
лʲôǻܹô£ҲǸ֯סˣã淢ƶ绰ˣǻͷȥ졣
һ۾ˡ
ɡ
ȻҲһ˽ƶ绰ˣǱû·һҲá
ڴҶˣǾͷˡ
гȥǻ㱨㱨ʵڸлλ쵼ȥǡ
һԽǲ黧ڵĸ뷨ʽ껨ڵļƻ⽨羰¶ôŵģʵĽǺɡ
ҺΧ
ǵǲгºͣˣԽǿ
˵Ҳϡ
ֵ񵽵ᣬ᲻̫ðˡ
Сգǰ첻ɣ
ʵҲǱ첻ɣֻûڷչáӸȥŬֻҪǶԻںõ飬Ǿȥ
ǵӾͲȥ⻹ûչأڸ羰˻Ϊȥ¶ˡ
ҡͷǻڸ涼ûƣ۾ֻռʱˣδĻֻ࣬Ȼ׬һʣҪȻû
̾˿͵ĻŴγ󶯾ʱĵطҪȥ
˽ΪԵʣ쵼ϿҲֱᵽȥ϶ǻҪټĥۻ㾭飬ġ
һŵĵطضǱȽѵĵĵ˵ǱȽ׳ɼġ
Ϊ쵼Ҳ뷨ġƳĥԺһ͸ȥߵĻȽȡԺˣܸһʱԱȵȥطҪ졣
ҲǸ˽ĵģԼˡǸģҲԺչĺãиǰ̡
Ҫ񱻵ˣ޳Īˡ
ڻڷչ֮ϣȴһһӡߵȵ㡣ˣˡ
ڻߵô죬̫עĿˣͷ˼ҼѾôˣֱӰҪߣû
ڿ¼ҪˣţǾͳ·ˡ
̾˿ýȥƶ绰Լ̸˼䡣
Լ뷨˵ˡ
ͬ־ҪݵģҲûˣʱ϶Ӱġҷûˡȥʡ֯Σ㣬˵ĵطˡⶼ˼ġ
û뵽һ⣬쵼Ҫչ϶ҲҪһģҲôߡ
ҲҲǸѶԼ׾ͺáԺı߷չԼи
һ֯֯ȥҾȥ
ˣرƶطȥô졣ƳǲԣҲʡǲԶҲرɱˣǺƿмرƶɽء
ԺƵͼǺϤģԵҲ֪Щط
δһЩЩĲš
ǼʮԺˣֻ¸
²¿࣬²ȻҲ¡һɲֻеطķݶǲġ
֯ϰɲ͵ȥ
ĵطϰܹܹˣ
ңҲָоԼµϰչҸɵģӭµġ
ԸΪ֮Ŭ
ЦЦ쵼ƻ磬ҲġҪôһ죬˵İţû׼ҾͺЩϰԵء
ǣ
ˣλǾ߲ԸԺ⽻ܻġ
ˣҲ˵ˡôһ죬һѡġ»᲻㡣
˵ⷬǸ˸ѣҪϤطˣҲҪץʱڽӰˡ
ȥ·ϣǇNɪĲӡ
Ÿשͷƶ绰һģԼǰͬ־ȥ˸绰Լĺ롣
Ǽˡ
Ȼ֪˻Ѷ֮۵üͷˡ
Ǻãǹ󡣡
Цǹ󣬿Ǻð
ȷʵáϸԼƶ绰
鶼
ĽĿŵƶ绰˼ϳӸˡ
ػ֮ƶ绰һȺϡ۹⣬뿴Ҳҿο˼ۣĽӡ
骻ͷȥӸţˤˡԺﶼӡ
ҲԺЦѹֹͦصġз
ε˵ء
ֲ㶶˶
ƶ绰ȫûȤҪδĻֻôˣȤ
Ŵ˴ᣬʼֹˡ
бϢĸϽȥ빤̶ӣȥʡ룬ܹȥеȻõġ
ĻǮ׷ǮˣûЧʱҲǶô˲ưҪá
ǧ
ǿ˿Լֱϵƶ绰ĵĶȷʵá
ҽ飬ǹƽͬ־ƣʱǻһǸϽȥ飬˭
ţҸǷֺõƶ绰ôƶ绰ûǮôǮΪʲôȻΪԺܹ׬
ҶǳɱͶˣȻҲҪѧϰ
ǵͷһǮһֻҪ»Ǯúã׬
ĸ
һϴҸзֹˣﶼŽҪĹÿ׶ζҪϡ
ȥбģȥʦģȥϵĵģȥطѧϰġ
ͷ˱ȽУֻҪͻЩҵǱõĹϵʱǰæȦһ¡
ʱ䣬ͳȫ֡ͨ׵˵ǼලҸɻ


393 393
ů, ·ҲʼǶҲԽԽˡ
ȻøɶɶһӰ춼ûеӡ
˺ӻż, ʾһ´ڸ֮, ƽʱûԼǸи
Ųҽ˵, Ӫպܱ׼ƽʱ˶Լ, ״ͱ˺ܺõ״̬
ˣĹԱÿμͦŸӽ, ȥѲӵӣﶼġ
Щǹ¶ˣҲȥ
Ҳ˺ܶ˵Ǳ縺ʦĺ, ܵȪƳӹԼ̶бģʽ, ȫʦơƷѵԤô࣬ȫõó, ˲Ķ
ǲĶ, λҲĶ
ɶʵʵǮͲЩԺϲǮ
һ, ֿԴ棬ֿ, ЩʦǾĸơ
ⷽʱ򣬻Լˣ˵ֱ, , ܺã
, Ϻ̫ˡͬǮǵõôЧֱһãһʯ񰡡
ǵǶˣǺû˼Ц
Ц˵˹עܱǻڸ˸һˮûû֪ǿԽԽáϺԤټӵ㡣ûǮȥҲУ¶۱㣡
ǣ
˷ˡ
û뵽Լİ취ôأô֧֡
߸⸱ĽĿһۣĵϺڿǽˡ
ǰһðڻ֪ôĶ
˵Ҳ쵼·ˣҪ£󵨡
ò˵쵼Ǹ
ΪⷨǺģȫȥ죬ŵ˾
ֻҪǮû⣬Ǿû⡣
û⣬Ҫ⣬ȥ衣
˵ſ۽ǣǿһû˵
Ų˵˵أΪĴҳûǮȻҼҳˡ
ⷬ飬ɾʮ㡣
Ȼ úȥǸҲǺܾľġ
ȥ˲ŷ֪ͨҪ¶ҪǮǮҪ˸ˡ
ձûƴĹ治֪ôԴ绰ȥͱͬѧɹͨ
¶ٳˡ
Ȼúȥ׶һˣԼܹͱ˽Ӵһ¡
ЩҪ۵ ԼȥӴˣԺ¶ŷ㡣ҪСĸɲûɶȨҪύǸϰգҲܽǲǣҲҪ̫ͣƽȽǴֲǲǮǲǣ
ţж
û쵼˶ࡣְֵḶ̌ͨԼȥύµ
õ쵼õĹҲ˼
һɼԼöԲסˡ
ллȥ׶һ¶áҵ
ЦŵͷиɾҲ⻨ڵĺ¶ȥһİ㣬ҲȥѧϰѧϰͰҲöˣԭǸҵģҲ㡣
ŶӣҲ׼ܳԶšǱҪʱֻһĶֵشš
⻰û˵Ӧˣģҿ϶úôС֡˵ҲҶԲס
ˮǣǻأҲûܡ
ⶼȥˣԺҶ໥࿼ǾС쵼ģҪ˲ţ˲˵ǲǣ
ͷ
ԼҲᵽһ쵼Ƕôˡ
Ժ϶ҲҪѧ쵼Ҳиɾ
Ⱥ֮͸˵¶ˡ
骸ж۾ˣﻹ񣬡ʱߣô찡߲ûչˡ
ЦҲţڰ칫չˡﻹְչˣͺúóȥ档ҲϣԼߵԽԽ
骸жĵͷ
һúѧúÿ
ЦЦǴú骵ġ
۽磬Ժɼˣȥޡ
骵Ĺеģľѧ
ԺҪѧҲǺҪġرδѧԽԽʱ
Ȼ骣Ҳ˽ĵġ
Դӻ֮ԽĸоŮԵĲףŮڹϵơ
ϣܹŮԸɲ
ԺҲӱŮȨ棬ΪŮƽȨһЩס
رԼҲԹˣԸȺ塣
ܿʹ骺Լˡ
¶绰Ѿ˵ͨˣκǹȥֵ潻һ¶͸˳ˡ
¶ΪƷѣԼĵλãԸγĶԱȡ
һСеСһȻóʮƷѡ
ʮƷ˵ɲСĿ
һжأֻ»ûһе԰ִ
ϢҲţҲԸⷢȥ
ֹ׬һѣܹš
ȻϢյϱֽ񶼻̵Ŀأƶ绰ĵ绰ͱˡ
Ǵ¶ʵԵġ
رʮɽǼҴҵĴ绰ˡ
гãǸϺ˵ӡǼҲ̫ˣôǮȥƣ
ҲˣҪ̫һ׼Ʒء
ˣ֪֪˸Ҵ绰˵ôϲ
쵼˽ҵģҲˡ
ҵȻ֪ɱ˲֪׸ӡ֪֪һ㣬ƻͺ󡣱˺ĳɼԵʢˡ
ӿ̫ˡ
ʵܶ¶ܶ쵼Ҳ뵽ġ
ȥҪǺܶˡ
ǴڻɼꡣãҲ۾顣
ǣβ
˵绰ִ绰ȥѽǸһ٣˵ûһ㣬Ҫһѡ
ǱʾԼίҪţҲס
ڶԻǮ¶ѾܿĿˡ
Ҫ񲻻ǮҪżˡûڵķչǲҪͣͲǰˡ
ôģϻǵ쵼ҪһֵĻᡣǮҲǺܶ࣬ڻڻأ㷸˴ˣҲܱԺȥˣֳǿǲǣҪĥһ 
Ҫˣʲô
ǣ
⻨ôˣһĶ͹һ
ŭҴҵĹ˵绰
ȥ 
ԽԽҪáһɾǱۺ죬ǣ۵ԽԽҪá
ǣȫ첻µزµģ쵼˻ô֡
ҲһҪݵģ㻹ᣬԺӳء˼ע쵼뷨
ͬǰһ ˶ڻ۾¡ҺҲô˵ġ
аɣԼŰɡ
ţطҲšرƽ档
ȫԺڹעϢݱֽϵĵ绰ѯ
ϾʮƷѿɲСǮ
ڸ¶ͬ־ӵ绰ʱʮеԣʮȷʵ¶ԲٵġǻӭĵƵλ롣


394 394
Ȼ, ɻһȫˡ
عʲлᣬڵҲ˵ͨġ
żСط˼ԸԸ㷢չ, Ը, ˼Ҫ֪ôط뵽ôط
ֱֻ֪, ڿǵʱ򣬲Ż뵽һطʺԼ㷢չ, Ը
ҪȻгΪʲôԽĻ𱬣ⲻ
ֻĲƷʲһѡ
ʮ˵Ʒ, ʵϣӦǹѡ
һܹȫΧڼСˮĹѡ
Ԫ鶼绰ˣ֪ҵǻڵ, Ұæ˵, ǵơ
Ϊʮ ϵǲе˷ѣ
ԪЦ, ֵȫ֪, ˭磿׬ҲǮΪ˳
, ⻹൱İ, Ͳ¸ˣʱһˣ
ǵӱȽϴ󡣡ԪЦѾܾ, ˵ְԱܸ⡣
ö, ߡ
ԪЦ, ״ô 
ر, ҽ˵һ˳ İɡ
Ԫôܷģ춼ڵǡ
ǰֻҪһڵõˡ
׼Ϸ߹֮ٶ໨ʱںǱߡ
֮ǰͶʵЩûôܣǽ˶ࡣԼʱǱҲõġ
ȡںӶǰҵͥԼˡ
ԪĹģѾˡڹڵĻѾˣͨѶҵһ󵰸⣬㹻δܶȥˡ
Ԫϸ˼ûôˡ
ںӻ棬ѹҪġɷ湤ܼңķУԵĺúȵĺãҪˣΨһҪĵľǹˡ
ǺͽǵʱͦеͦӣʵѹǺܴġ
ֲ첻µز ǵ΢ѡ
õĵĻǻᵣġ
±쵼˷ѪǮµòҪЧ ЩǮ׷ˡ
Ҳ¹˻Щ֧ĸɲǡ
ԵȺ֮Ҳ໨˼˽ԼܰһЩط
翸סѹúĿչ
Ҷ㵣ţֻġ
⻰úĶˣʱҲ˵Ǵ绰¶ˣﻹһֱģԼˣ첻ˡ
쵼̬Ҳˡ
쵼¶ҵǲģһ㣬ЩԺСطҪΪ˴棬ôˣǵʱƵĲáҾ͵ġ
ͦŸڰ칫ȥ¶
ȻһĺܵȰԸЩͬ־ĽӴٸһЩ۾ΪˡǹҼĿ˭ܱ֤뵽ȫõأ
˵ףͷУһ
ͺζԽνӴЩ 
Ҫƣ϶Ҫʵع۲쵽Ҫסơܱ쳵ӴҪˡҪ֤ЩʡֻˣᵽڵĺãƵʱ뷨
绰ԼʶƷѴ绰
ⶼǵѧУʶġ
Ȼܾûϵϵˣ˵ϻġ
Цŵ ͬѧ㵱ҲѧУԺĲأû뷨 
绰 ͷЦҾ˭ôֱʣϯ㰡
ⶼ뿪ѧУˣûƺˡ
УҲ⣬ͬѧ ֱȷʵ ȦӶ䶯ˣǳ۲ߵģǰ ǸǮǿ̫ˡҲˣһƱȻʲôǵʦȥμӣԿҵʱҲûʱ䡣˵ԸдӦûǺܶġҲҪ̫ġ
һ䣬ʧأͻȻ۾һ˼ǡҪμӱ 𣿡
԰ƣɷӡ
񷴶ǻˡ
ЦȻҪ϶ҪزĵġҽҲԹúʣҲƣ ʣ͵Ƿˡܱȱ쳵ǿũˮҲһɫڽͨˣҲ¶ ǹ͵ġ
ʢȴ 绰ͷʾԼԼ ûȥҲûȷеϢ
˵Ҫˡ
˼ԼҪ¶Ҫȥ ҲΪ˻ڵƣ˷μӱĻᡣ
˵ǿ˼ΪԼơ
ͺ֮ǰԺ˵һ˭Ҳܱ֤õģֻҪպʾˡ
и뷨˭ʤˣҪԷͼȥ
ܵýȻҺôҺãûýҲûϵڲҪǣԺͶ˸ˣƴƷΡβҪڲ롣
Ǹˣֻ֪ʱǺҪġĳ֪ʦָһƿ˵У 
Щξ㣬ҲͨΪΪдʫͳʤż 
Щ֪Щûڷչá
űڵܶ˴˷˻ڱ
߶ƷȷʵҲ˺ܶƵĵλ
֮ǰͬѧҲˡ
ԽӴǡ
Щ˼ ôһˣﶼͦ
Ͼ·Ͼʹ֪ѧУ¼ھùȻ鴫 
ȥת羰 
֪ȫط羰õĵطǡȡزģ϶ҲѡܶࡣҲΪһ͵ĽǶ ҾʦҪлΪħһƬİֽȥӡȥ졣
⻰ øƵЩЩĶ
ҲԼĵĴ㣬һʱҲû
Ҳû˵ֻȥתתٷۺϣȻԿ㣬ڴϵ㡣
 
дһ죬͸ʱԼȥزˣҲûǿǲƵ¶ 
ΪƱ¶ַǷһʱ˺ܶİˡҲ;˺ܶ 
ڽϣ ûĺôòͨڷչ
ĵѧţγȥ棬ҲԼ
뿴õһ 
Цأ֪Ƴʲôӡ
Ʋһ¾ɵġ
ǸЩʦµʱ óԺúȵչš
ÿ죬ЩʦǾȥΣȻдд߸ɴȥС
Щһ֮ҲĻ˽ˡ
طһϱĵط 
Ȼжصĵط
طϰնܸԣ
ԣʲô̶ Ҹũͬ־ճΣ˼ָͷһ Ȼкü룬㡢ֲˡֺ죬㹤 ʳЩ˼һ¶ܱȳͨ˸ߺüˡ
͵ˣֻ÷ֺ졣Ҳгͨˡ
Ľռϴﵽ˰ٷ֮١ƺûһͯѧġ
ǣǻҽƱϡȥβ
ǶҪʲô뷨ʾ֧֡
Ϊˣ׬ǮˡҲȥ档ƽʱ̫æˣſڿ϶ܷ㡣
һ˽⣬ЩʦǾ֪Ϊʲôֱʿˡ
ⲻһ
ͬʱҲˡ
һʮƶĵطǻҪĺάֲãˡ˽֪֮ ˲ƺҲǮȥ棬̫ˡ


395 395
, ڵƴҲҪһ䡣
ûǣúȥġ
ܳʱȥӲ칤
ϾԽԽˣҲ, óŷʱ࿴, ָһ¹
һֱ£ڵƴ
ΪʾδĹƽӣ绰ĸУĽڣҲǵ·ռ͵֪ʶӣ½, æⷽĽڹæָָ㡣
½ڿɺþûˡϴλϽ, ѾϷӼȥˣûϡ
æͬˡ
Ц֧ҡΪʲôҪô
½ҲЦ, Ҷ㵱Ȼεġ˻, 㲻ᡣ
һʮСܴռ͵˷չء
˵˼ѧѧϰԼڸλϵĶˡ
½ѧҲкܶѵġ棬뵽λ, һȥϢ졣
ЩϽΪ״ԭ򣬻Ͽγ̺, ڰ״̬
ȥҲû¶ġ
Ǿʰˡ
ûȥǵģȥӵġ
Լڻſڵţһ, ͹ȥӭЩʦǡ
겻, ½ڵͷ׵ĸˡ
ԵĿ˺ܶࡣ
˵һ֮, ֻҪһӲ, ʱŵľͻȽԡ
ӵһ£½ڻĶӣѽСĵ㣬ɱˡ
ЦЦֿʦĺǴклǴԶæ
Ȼ͵طйأϹͷҲǿԳһġ
ϽЦŵ
ǶҲǺ˽ģҲʮ͡
ر֪Գ½ǵİ͸ˡ
ϾҲǳԹˡ
½ЦιҲǹȼ١˵߷羰
ȻûʲôʤżǺɽɫҲһζ֪λʦβδʱȥۺϣԴ
ʮֲʺ½ڶϽЦ
ϽҲЦŵͷȷʵҪȥˡ
ȻͦŸӣǻǼԽӴЩʦ
Ϣ֮󣬻ȥҪĵطι۹ˡ
δѻķչƻҲ˵һЩ
뷨ǣķǳԵģһʱġ
Ϊ̫ʱԻһʱǺοûˡΪҲǻġ
ܲһֱؽֹǮûɫ
ôһ˵ЩƵϽǶ֪ҪЧˡ
ǾɲȻϳ˵һǸгԶ۹ͬ־
⼸ҲӴһЩʵԼģܶ໹ͣ׷׷뷨
ܶ඼ͬС졣
ʵֽʱ䳤Ҳȷʵ׹ʱ
ûԼɫĽǺױȡġ
ϣִǳȫ磬Ȫơ
ȫ֮⣬кɽƷһЩѼţ֮Ʒ
ɰȺϽǳԵĸˡǸ˵ĲԼԵʳΪǣⶼǵصزϰնܳϵĶ
ûʲô֪ϰշо˵ˡ
ⱲԼ֪ʶǵһ
֪ڵķչ״֮Ǹһûˡ
ֻΪ˰ɲҲһ˵ġ
Щҵ֪ϽڵĲ룬ѡĹֱӿʼˡ
֮ǰҲǿһЩӵģΪĿ࣬ûꡣ
θϽһˣˡ
ЩμӵʦЩŻˣƵĶҲܺÿźʮġ
Ҫ˵ͼ۹ˡ
ٿ˺ܶ࣬ϴͬС졣
ƫ
Ϊ֮ǰδҲΪһЩҵɲ̸⣬ĵط
Ժܶ˾Ͷ嵽Ǯĵطˡ
ҲûŶ⡣
ϽҲЩһĽѡ
һֱһ죬ѡͼ
ͼͼԵü򵥶ˡ
ûʲôݻĽȴܾɵĽԼߵһСɽһˡ
զһȥһĳֱʵеҪ¡
羫µСţµĵԴӣ¡
һɺƺ÷⡣
ͼ߻λͬѧƷ
֮ǰȥι۹ˡûٺӴһֱûˣ񶼲֪ȻƳԼֻ档ҪĻɫ
Ľɽˮչֳơ
δܹȥֻ꣬ҪҪҪƷòͻ뵽ڵ
뵽ڵƬƬС
٩٩̸ĽԼƷԼԼС
֮ǰʡǹʱʱ䣬Ϊ˹·һСʱ
ô̵ľ룬ʡǲȱݻĽ羰ѵá
ƵԴЩֳĹˡǿŴڴϴ棬϶Ҹӡ
Цݺܴ⣬ãֻһƬɽˮЦݡ
ûȥĴµĶֻڴȻľ棬ԼΡ
ͺŮͬ־ױһֻ΢װһɫ޽һüë͸ˡ
ǴϻͼֽȻ׷Цŵͷ
ֵʱ򣬸߷֡
ֹϲڵĸɲҲϲͼ
úС
֮ǰͼÿǺÿǺЩԶͼ͸оǻڵƬɽƬˮ
ҲЦŵͷûЩݻĽԤӦһЩ
Ԥ֮󣬻۾ôôࡣ
⣬СԽǾ£ԽǽľݵĽɱ͸ߡ
ǣ
֮󣬻ڵͼӿʼƣ壬£ˡ
֮Ҳл˵Ĳ룬Ǳѡ
Ͼ˼ҴԶһˡ
ȻûѡϣΪѡϽڶҵģҲ
رͼȷʵҲ߽ܶģҲѧ˵֪ʶڻڻĵİţûˡĵʰȥ
ԽӴһϣЦ̫ˣƵĶȫһģһ
֪ôˡ
ҲЦݣһҪл㣬εľҲ˵öԣƾҪΪ档һߵأǶԼصøǰҵĵʦǸңκʦͼȲȻƣľ˳Ӧȥͼı
Լţ̣ϲ㣬ˣҲμӴ˰ɡ
ţ׼μӣ׼۾ģҵǶ˵ˡ
Ц
ﻶϲˣ̫ˣһӰءҪṩʲô㾡ᣬǧҪ˲ҽȥ׼ҲҪһʱ䣬ҲüŻ
лл㣬񡣡ŴЦˣоͺǰѧУǻһѧϯܹ벻ջ
ЦҾ͵Ժǻڸմءܲܵýǻڵڹϱ˿أɰ
΢΢˼ĺ


396 396
֮, ҲûŹȶȵĻᣬϾӿʼ깤, Ҫʱġڼ֮, ȶȿ϶ǲܹɢȥģҪһֱСȫʡóһ
Ƹ弴μӹƴҲʡһŰ
ʴҲ˭ܲģҪƽ֪ʦƼ, ҲΪ˵ʦƼ, ܻôģ֪ûвģǿ϶ࡣ
Ȼһȥ, ͱʡȥˡ
Ͼ
ܿ, ʡھͶ֪ҪһˣͼرãҪμӹʴ
øĸ￪żˣ˽ӴĹϢҲԽԽ, ԹҲձ߿һۣڲƷͽڲƷϰǺöܹμӹ󽫵, ǿ϶ҲǺơ
ǽ֪ʦƣҲʶʦ˭˵μӹʴ, ¹֪֪ʲô, ò
Ȼ, Ҳûʶ
Ϊⷬ, ûʼѾںʡȺһ
֮ǰΪƷѵ¶Щ˲ûڵû쵼ôϲһȶȣǰѻ֪ȴһЩоǮƺҲֵˣ֮ǰһЩõĻѹȥ
ʡ쵼ڿʱ˳һ¶
Ȼֻ˳ʵģҲǲһġ
ֻƳµһѣʡ쵼ټһʡæܹ֮עôСط֪ǻĶˡ
ǻ˵绰εЦǺǵģСհĻǲģҶ֪㻹ôһ֣ʲôʱ
ЦҪ˵ɵģŲš
ҲţֱӵɵģҲı£ץסᣬҪˣһ뵽ô
쵼Ҳͦ죬Ҳֺǣ쵼ȻǻûãҾӦû᲻Ժɶ֮ģǲҲ
ЩᣬһЩϸɲԼθɲǳ̸ģ׳Ʋ軰ᡣһڹӪ濪ǰˡ
Ц㰡㣬Ϳʼ׼ˣ
ǿɲôõĵض뵽ƳԼˡԼ˶˿϶ˣģ۸ǰ͡
ǣ
Ǳֱ׵̸ǮˣǺͬ͡־һˣҪǮ
ҿǻڵĸɲԺҪǲˣȥ⡣׼׬Ǯ
æ쵼ˣǻڶ뵽ǮˣҪ⣬׼ҪǮģʲ
Ǯ֣˵ҪˣȻžһ°ѵ绰ˣǮ
񣺡
Ķ滮ͼָ֮Ҫ׶ˣҪȥû׶ȥ
½һҲҪȥˣϢ˼죬ҲŻڰһ¶㡣
ڻڵǵǺϲ
ԺлᣬҪߵġǺܺ棬ٹ꣬ȱĵҪԣһĻ׻ʲôĸı䡣
ϳʱ򣬳½ҲЦۿĳɼˡȻˣߵ͸صռͣĻǸøɲ
Ҳ֣Ҳǵãⲻһ˵Ĺ͡ռͣʦǵ֪ʶңҲǵʱ֪ͬ־͵Ͷĳɹ
½ھ˵ռ͵ӣͺһ
˵Щˣȷżˣһȥ
Цȥˣоϲġ
˰Ҫĺøˡ
·ϣҲĻ⡣
⼸Ҹĸ￪ţչѸ١ͬʱЩ֣ͬҲЩҡ
񿴵ڸĸĴôҸҲԸĸӼᶨ
˸ӣڵʽˡ
Ҳûȡʲôӵ֣ͽƺ
죬Ϊ׵ļɲǣŲӣ˵һ
죬ը
ڸ˶￪֡
ﻹ˶飬Ŵ󿨳ĵǣڻˡ
Ķ˺ü£ȻҲǸܵϲõˡ
ԼĶӣ
ǽ껨ڵҪˣ֮ǰæ֮æ
Һ֮ǰб깤Ŀ죬̶Ҳѡˡ
ûڡ
ҲȥˣԼ๤¶Ǹģȥ
ֵһǣΪڵָһϰˡ
ΪܵＯӰ죬һҲ磬֪ץס
㽨裬Ǿ͸С̶ӣȻҿЩ˾Žӻɣһǳа˲ʯȡ
˺ϻ˽
ӽ迪ʼѾʼӰ컨ˡ
ͬʱλFƴϣһԶɽˮͼࡣ
صĻ԰ͼǰһ
ͼԭڻƶӡһЩı䣬ԭԼӵ֮
͡
ͼ˴һӾЧ
ȻֻΧͼҲһӡ
Ѯڰ칫ļͽӵĵ绰ˡΧˡ
ҿӣҲһʣ²ǰģֻǺҲεģǼżˡ
õϢ̲֮סϲá
̫ˣ˵绰֮񼤶ĲֱվûôˡֻܰԼĶӣȻ˷ܵȥ쵼˵Ϣ
˵ǲҪˣ
ʱȳɼ˵
ΧͲɲһҲʲôһûʲôڴΧ˴ҾͻŻʲôɼͻڴߡ
ԻǺȽϺá
ʱٲãҲǸΣǾϲѶҲ
סȷϢˣ׼ʱ򼱼ææġ
ڸϽͷ
ϲġоԽԽо˭֪Ǹܺ͹ʲôϹϵ
ĶЩɲǵǳסˣǸæԵĹΪ׼
Ǻʹһ𲢼սֲסˡ
Ѯûˣеܹÿһ͵վ߶ƵҲڰ칫ﲻ㡣
ر칫һ¥ÿȷʵࡣ
ټǿٺãҲòϣȷʵ涼ƽʱˡ
Ϊ˲ӰĹƻֻǰʼӹˡ
׼Ժÿʱ䲻ô׼ʱˣÿһ㹤ڼﴦ骽һЩǩֵļüȥˡ
״̵ְ̬ǺܵġԼ㲻ҪҪȥӣﵽʱ⡣
Ц·ݣ;ҲȫҲҽ˵˳ء߸ƿصңİɡ
¶Ԫõġ
Ͼ֮ҲҪչɺӻҪֻ̣ܸһ𡣵ǸճһµĺҲʺϳ;á
ڻҽԺƣΪŮȥҽԺӣҽʩԴҽԺı׼䱸ģҽҲĺô򡣽ǲġ
̵ְǽţ˵ⰲ˱ķҲ֪ʲôʱ
Ǳ£ҽԺ·ӣǷˣ·߹ȥˡ
ְ̣
ְȻǸķ֮ǰһֱڹ⵱ķģһרչЩ˵Ӫʦ˼ǻ֮󣬽·ҪźġǶӺ
ȻһʵҲЩԪΪһɷһ׼ףδЩʧˡ
ְ׼ڵϣͷ糾͵ĵ˻ˡ
ʱ˯Ϊ̫ˣֻܲ˯˯Ĳȡ
ΪΡ
ְ̽˼֮Ԫˣſš
ְ˷ܣԪɻˡ
ԪŽţС˯𣿡
˯ģþû˯ˡ
ְ˵ۣ·ԽԽࡣͦŸӣô˯šôûá
Ԫ۵Ĳˣ׼ȥ￴
ְ̼۵ҲѪ˿кȦһҲǺģʱԹˣӶæء
ҸԵİɡ
ˣȥϢɣȥ
ԪԵ°Ӿͻˡ
رǸ̵ְĻھأһθڶûС
ȥϴּϴֺԼɾ Ž
ϵϲԻһյСƣ谵ġ
͵͵һ۵ģݾͿϰ뿿ŵˡ
һŶӣЦſ
ԪһӾ͵ɬһ£ţˡ
ҹˣ˶˯šȷе˵˯ţܣԪ첲˵ԼĹɹ
绰ˣ˵ΧˣҲиΣʱˡ
˵ţѵַ˸ЩԺǻҪѡôҲҪ취ø
Ԫı
˵ˣԪЦŵˡ
Ԫأ湤ࣿ
࣬ԪһĲˡ
Ҽ𣿡Цŷʵŵʱ䳤ˣЩ
ԪԺÿúź㣬вУ
һȻЦ
ԤʮţԤڽӽ˶ʮֽš
Ԫ鰲ķԪ鵽ĵڶ쵽ġ
һǵʱӵģһǵʱźӵġ
ЩˣҲû˵ɶ˶ˣܲߡ
˶ˣȷʵˡ
෴Ԫﷴˡ
һֱδܶ꣬ǻԼǰߣһȹԤǰһӡ
ۿڻеʱࡣ
һܶΣշת˯ţôԶȻ㲵ɫ·ʮֳӡ
źĸ׵Ķȭߵӡ
ⶼӱϧԼļͥ
ȻԤ712 711žͷˡ
Ϊһӵĵ绰Ƶõ˵ĺóɼ
ƴ󽱵²ֻһЩ㣬ȻǺˡ
ɱԤеҪ̫ˡ
һͷˡ


397 397
ӵĹ, ۵ĶҪҲԼ˭ˣᶼ۳ˡ
Ϊûʱֻܵ, ڴĴҧᡣ
Ԫ鿴ܣ˻, ˣ޾Ϳ޳
۵ʵ, ǶûӰôǸ, Ҫǿ޳ˣԺ󻨸˶Ҫ֪۵Ŀˡ
£û֪, 
⻰ɰظˣ־ͰԪһ, ̫ƽˣƾʲôѽ
ȻԪַҧһڣһٱһǧ
ޣԪ۾Ҳˡ
ҪҪʸʹ, ȽϿ죬Ĺûôʹࡣ
УҲ뱻ʿӡ
˳, ʹʹ
ھܵļ֮, ԼסҪȻ¶ÿˡӻðһ
ʱ, Ϊ˵ľԵúûˡҲֵֵˡʲô, ҲȫˡȫӶۡ˭û취
Ϸ, һֱڲ
һʱ, ˶ᵽʲôꡣ
ƽʱ񻹰Ԫֱҧһڡ
Ԫ鵹Žȥҧֻš
棬淴Ҳˣҧ͹˵ɶɶ
ֱʲôڻʱžһɡƬ̣ӵĿˡ
һ˲仹ͦãȻ޴ģԼһСˡ
ϲϲǧ𰡡
ϴЦŵϲ
ЦᣬҵŮһˡһı
һֺĸо·ԼͻȻͺʲôϵһˡ
Ҫȳȥģ⺢뿪Լߣ͵һġ
ƴһƳ
ԪͱķţһΧˡ
Ԫ۾ֿߵĺӣ۾֪ô
񽾰ЦǸŮġ

ԪЦŵ
ҲͷԼĺӣҲԼرȻ˸ӡ
Ȼ˳ǻǵסҽԺԪסҲУͷҲ㡣סҲǵ䲡
ڲﰲٺˣӲлϸĿԼĺӡ
ֱĶÿɰСǷӶɰĲˡ
رСȭͷرѹڶʱڡ
ҵıһ¡
Ԫûˮӡ
ĸ׵ˣƺЩ仯ˡֱ仯ԡ
ССԪɡСԪСǮǮð
ǮõĶˣҲסرǸȱǮˣϣԺӵĲ˻ܺáлСǮǮϣЩСǮǮǺԼġ
ԪЦá
࣬ǲǾòã
ҾúܺãǵԪ
ЦۣȻͷںӶͷһڡ
ڴȡ˵ģ֮ǰһ£ֵ䣬ҸԢȡ֣ʲôȲϺƽ˳ãɴⷽȡȡ˸϶Щ֣档
Ԫ棬ƽ˳죬Ȼʡ
кŮʡ
бķչˣСԪչ˵ĺܺãߵ̶ߣ˵ֱ̡ͨʹΣΪ⻹˸
ɫĺӰֻ֣Һֻһ
ôһΣܵʹӶöࡣ
ٰӣҲˣҲðԼȻԪǲŵġ
СԪ͹ˡ
һ̱Ӱֳ֮СԪԸԳĳ˵ڶ̡ر󣬳Եüͷ壬
Ԫ𣿡
˵ǲ۵ģ۾Ҫ˵ڣúӰְ֪һǶôĲס
ι̸Ǽҳ㷹
Ůһڣ֪ˡ
Ԫ飺
ƺΪֲԼûܰæĿǮȻбķչˣԪ鵹Ķȥȥˮ֮ģҲһЩ
ˮҽԺϣкܶˡ
ΪڸƣԻ϶ӵġ
Щġ
һЩŶӵĲ˷ȥ죬ʱǲҲһǻ߶ɷߣֻһְ̡
һϸϸܵܡ
ѾŮЦˣˡԺڽҪึһЩɵ㡣
Ŭ̳һŮ
Ǽ̳Ԫѧĸ֧֡ȥĹԡ
úñŮŮһûۡ
ˮˮԱߵŮ졣
̥˾ͲˣɲСͷýˡ׼öӻϱȥ
϶öӰ˽ʡǮڵλйԽ¼ȡ˵е


ڶ磬˵õϢˡ
ĸɲǻ϶ˣųԵĺȵģһЩũļѼ֮ģ񻹲ܲա
ⲡһѵĸи㡣
ķһһȥЩҲܴţȦ
ȴˣЦеľ͹ǲҪ׼ơߵĹǰ;졣ҲǺӳھơ¡
죬ģҲð졣ӻСԺء񲢲׼죬ΪҲûʲôˡΪľϯһһףʵġûɶˣҲǸѡҺӻСҲûˡҲڡ
εǺ켦ˮ첻졣
ԪЩʲô֮ǰֻռǱߵϰףԺ߲
ξ˵ӳˣһģ˳Ժ켦ˮϯˮ档
һԪ˵졣
ϰ죬ʱԡ
Цȫô죿
ǾͶԪ
񣺡
ΰæ죬ǲӲġȶźˣҲڳʱ˴绰ϲ
֮ǰռ;һһ绰ġ
Ԫ˵绰ȥϲ ģĸŮƽ
ռҲװ˵绰ˣȻ㣬̫̫õ绰
ȫ˶ڱŵġ
˵ƽɶ˿ˡ
̫̫׻ǵģĹϲӡȻҲˣʵҲûʲôƨáǼܲסϲ
ԪίôԪţŮҲãŮ޶һۼɱֵܳϢǼû˸ǼҪȻҾͳ˭
Ԫ¶ЦݣллάҲ㣬ԺǵŮҲ㡣
ڱЦһӴ޻ˡ
Ԫ˵꣬绰ָ
̫̫һ۾ˣ;һ棬żûˣû˵ġ
̣ḻİȫչңرãرоˡ
Ȧ죬ûǲԼġ
ķܱȵԼ
Ҫȥ
ûạ̃ģˡ
аɣȥˣҲġˬĴӦˡ
ŷġ
ȣ˼ʹˣֲɻࡣɲڡ
ռ֪ͨˣԪүҲ绰˵һ
үһͨ绰Ϳˣӣ֪ˡҪ֪ͨҶ֪ȵһˡԲүүûȨŮҵȨ
ǷӵģǷﰡ
Ԫ飺˭ˣ
ܲšԪүšϾͶȥˡûʸҡȻһ˵绰


398 398
, Сÿ
ݶСſڴ߿СԪ
ڴϣһĻЦ, ݶҲÿ
ݶ죬Ǽøÿ
÷ڱЦ, һ˵óˣҴء
Ҳ֪, ûʲô, ڹŮǺõհҲǵˡıҲеһӡ
ݶҲȷʵôġ
Ϊ̫ˣһֱϣֵܽáǸܻܵãͿչ˵ܵˡ
ڴϵСԪ, ۲Ĳˡ뱧Ҳ֪ԼᱧԪ̫С, ñ
ţԺԪû˵ˣҪԪ顣д֡
ٿСԪ֣пţֿС
, ֿ÷Ȼﲻ޶šҲǱͬˡ
Ȼ̲סЦˡ
ֻԡ
һ̲ס̸ˡ
вסġ֮ǰڶʱΪ·ݴ, ̫, ڳɹж, һ, ⹤ľˡ
Ѿڰ, ͼ˹ʴͭƵ¶Ҳ֪, ֣ǿԿġũƷ˾ȫټһҵ񰡡
÷־ΣǺ̸꺢ӣϢ𣿡
ϢˣڴĥЩ¶
÷ֻЦŵͷУ˵šҲȷʵָ㡣
ͰԼ뷨ϸϸ˵һ£ûҪԼز˾С
ȻȪƣˮɽֳⶼ˾زΪЩزضеġ
زҪװġ
ˮеļӹַмӹͿ԰װزˡ
Щʲôɽֳ֮ҲԼӹ
ãиʳƷڸʳƷ˾ũƷ˾ȫǴӹز
زֶһƷһԺƳǣ߻ھһƷˡ
ũƷ˾ܹ׬ǮҲƾЩȥزһֱԾڴСԺ󻨸ˣˣҲÿֻȥˡ
÷üй⡣
һˣջ񰡡
Ҳ뵽ˣֹزƳزȰгˣԺдϰҲҲһ׬Ǯе
һȥϸĹ滮ȡʼӪ֮ǰҾ͸
Ц⻰ҾͷˣҲģزҾͲʵˡһҪʵϣĺóԡɱȥ˾Ǹӻ۵˳˻ԡ
ҿ϶֤һãʵϡ
ݶڱϹɵ°ţѧš
ϲհ̸ӡ
ϣԼԺҲԳΪˡ
Ԫ÷ʹݶͻȥˣܲһֱţһȥ˻Ҫúù滮
ҲԪ˳ȥ
˻ˣʵճȥʲôˣ
ץڼˡԪ
񣺡㻹ץԪģˡ
Ԫĵͷץ
ǰûٳڼĿ˾ͺܷС
ΪߵˣүӵǺзִ磬ûߵˣͨԪˮ乫˾ƳǵһԱߵõϢ
ΪȻиʳģûʲôˮҪרŵ˲ɹġ
Ȼ乫˾ˣⲻ֪
Ԫ֪֮󣬾Ͱ˸ͻүǱȥˡүӰŵˣԼȥ
û˵ʲôүԼ뷨
Ϊ˳ҽԺס׼ԺˣǾסһЩҲôصͷʲôġ
·Ҳõ
ؼҵ죬һˡ
òˣ׼ϢأԪүӾˡ
ˣһĻռϣԼ˵մá
ΪԼˡ
ǽʱȷԼˣʱԵ۾ᣬ̡
ЦƵܹˣǿŮȻʵûС
ȻŮ죬Ƥ׾˵㣬ɰ̫̫ĸĻˡ
һĻմá⣬ԪүӺүүڵţҲýֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŷŵš
Ȼһ䣬ñӳ
ûɶһûءɶ
ԪүӺүү
Цẉ̂ôԪүүһ
Լһģ˵һи˵Զģզ鰡˼ҿɺأɻ׶ȻҺүүɻߡӴѽſˡɵϸˡ
ʱүӿĻͷӡ϶飬Ԫͺүһˡ
棬Ԫȷʵûү¶ֱүӣ𾴵дүүүү˵
ԪүһۺĲˡ
ʱʱүүТ˳ɡ
үүŲ裬ͷТ˳Т˳ǼТ˳ˡ
Ԫүӣ
үү֪Ԫҵ¶ʵ飬Լ͵ԪͷһӺܶģҲϡ͵˼ҵģŮҪТ˳զأ
ֱ̱źӳǿˣεղǻˡүֱӱӸû۾ĵطˡ
үүãŮˣԻ㵭ıӡɰԪүŻˡ
Ԫҵ֧һ簡
úñҶүү
үүұо飬ﶼұųġ
Ԫүӣ
ȷʵĽʵĲˡӣһûñķųġ
ĵԪҲû
ǻһľǸԪһϸļ̳ˡ˲֪Щǹ̡
ڸδĶ
ռ˶ûа취
˶æŹ鲻СĶҪϿΣ·żˣҲҪμѧУ֯ĻвӾڼչ˺ˡϵķɵ㣬ųˡ
֮ǰҲ׼ˡ
ձ͵ĽֻŻ
͵ľߺߡԼ㻨Ǯģдš
°մ׼Ķˣֹĺ·ƵС·СЬӡ
ЩӦúģ˭úָأǾ͵ð¶ˡ
ŻͷЬϲĲˣĿÿ
մЦЩûˡ
̵ɶ͵Ķá
̫̫ԼѹλãСĵóú첼ŵġ
Ϊֶ̫̫ϱʲô˲õĶȻһ鲼ƵС·
һ۾ϳˣټ¡
ǰ·ԺǼСԪƽƽ
Ժһһҵȥֵġÿ˶һû
ж۾죬СԪԺǲȱ۰
ô˰ԺöҸ
Ķˡ


399 399
꺢֮ûôĺӵ¶, ̺մ֮󣬾͸òˡ
ڴ죬оûʲô, ʹ绰骹㱨
骸Ͻļ㱨ˡ
ѻĹͦ࣬Щ쵼ԷֵģЩǱĿġ
żʱͶѻĹ, ٴԼǵľ, ְλ߾͸Ͻ, ûԺ
ҪǵԺְλߣθˣǵ󲻵á
ļ֮ʵô, ʴͭҪú
Цŵ, ￪, 쵼˵ε˽϶ģʱǳɶɢҲһ㡣
ˣЩɲڶǵӦְ, ֪ȶء
Цŵͷǵĺܵⷽ滹Ҫ, ǱһϢ, ͸, ɱȶǻûȥ
Ӧˡ
깤, 󿴿ҿ
, ˣԪһء
骲˼Ц
֪ϲӣȥڿȥԺÿһΡڿԴˡ
Ϣһ£ҲвסҲǲܸɻڴ˼ѡ
ҲܵԼϢʱ䳤ˣӻ᲻á
סİţ骲ŸϽȥȻڷȥӡ
ڶŪӣˣ֪ĸɲЦѽͬ־Ǽɰ࿡СǼһģӿ̳һ
үү̫ˡ
ԪүүƵԴ˲κ
СԪż죬˶֣ɢɢĴǷҪ˯
Сģ˶ˡ
˶Χſţ·һǷķ羰һһ㶼
ҲЦţϲĽ
ԼⱲӣҲԼĺˡ
ôһųȥ
ų骴ЦŴк
飬
΢Цŵͷš
ҲЦЦ˵㻰ţѾˡ
ôˣ

СԪĵھ죬еĲ͹ݺͷ궼ˡ
ˮѳ档
ϰףһǴ棬˭ˣȻľͻˮϯ档
ЩҲû˰ϾҲǾʳٱӣҲôԡ
ӣȫ˳ˮ¶ֱ˸䶯
ˣԶٶǮ
ǸŮ
ЩﻹЩǰ˼룬Ůǲףġ
رǸô󶯾
⻰ͱԴŮƽȣŮզˣŮˡ
˵֪͵ǾͲ֪˰ɣǺӰġ˼ҾϡŮ˵û֮ǰ˺üķˡ˼ҴԶĹ
ӰָʲôİôǮ
˵Ϸģر⡣
ôǮط쵼ǡ벻
ȻһҲֱ۵˵˼⵱쵼治ΪǮΪ˸ɻΪ˸ϰմ
ţżټļҲ̳ˡ
ǰԪż̳ˡ
ƻ϶ǲˣôһӡԺҲøŮˡ
˼ҺҲûˣôĶףɼϲŮġ
ǮզģǾüҲŮ̳ҲӦõˣ
¶ǳ˻ڵŮ˼롣
˼ôļҵŮ̳жûϵԼƨûеģ˭̳вǼ̳а
˼϶ȽģԵģԼ˼϶ġ
֪ﲻ֮󣬴ҲʡǮˣһߣȥһϲ档մ㸣
ɲܵ͹˻˴ֵ顣ѾϡһˣǺϡġ·һСʱҲ²
һ࣬ϵķֱӶˣſڰӶŲˣֻԼһ߳ԡ
ڽ϶ܿ˶Ŵϡ
˵ֱ֮ӿԼ˯ĺӣǸԪһͿʼСǮǮˡ
ҲûĶ࣬Ҳǵһξ̡
ʱҲû뵽Ūôǻİ˵Ҫ˳棬Ϊôһ˵׼ġֻڻڽϺһʶ˳Եˡ
˭֪˼Լ˵ȥˡ
ڶƮһˮζʳóԵĶˮ档
¶ӣ˸ˡ
ӰְεûΪһǮ飬ֱ׳Ҳû˷ѣȺڳԷˡ
Цã⻹ͬء
Ԫû˵ô˼
û˵ԪŵĹ˶һݺףԪ
ԺôˣôС֪ˡˣǿɲܸϰߡ
ϣӾ͵ϣԺߵĸԺԸ̫ˡ̫˾¶
Ԫ̣ܽãԺע⡣
Ȼһ䣬̫ˣ˶֪
ɣЩЦ˰ְ֮˼Ҳˡ
˼ҳһ棬ͻˣ
ðɣҲúӰְ̫ʧˡ
Цϣһȴ
ԪΪ˸θȽȽ𣬡ţһúý̡
񻹵Ϊ¶˶ע¶ˡȫˮ¶죬﷢һϲ£ɹת˵ߡ
ʦͬ־ʽ𻭱ʦ˹ʴɼ
ϢһӾʹȫˡ
ԴӸĿϵĽӴԽԽ࣬ҪʣҪڹȡóɼиҵŬ׷ϡ
ȻƴȲЩʦĴҲһֹȡõĳɼҲǹϿɵġ
Եɼֵ
ȫֽ϶Ϣ϶ˡ
Ϣֱͬ졣
ڶ죬ֽйƷϢ
ƷǺʡƳУͼ
Ҳ˵ݵýƷܿͻʵչֳ
⻭ϵһשһߣһһľᱻ
Ϣٴȫһκ䶯
ýƷȻĳͼ
ԺҲȥͼеĵطȥ߿
Ǻܶϰնûġ
һʱ䣬ƳǵĻڳɹĲ˹ʴ󽱵ȶȣȫΧСһ
ϵ£ϰգϲáɡ
Ժ߳ȥӰ
˵㲻֪˵Ǹý϶֪ˡ
Ҫǲ֪ǾûֽĹҴµġ
һ¶ĺڰ칫˵˼ӡ
Լ⹤ĿƯԼ
ţҪĻᣬȥ׶ʶ˱ͬ־ܹôʱôơ
°֮󣬵ϱɱһֻĸ͹ȥˡ
ˣڲܷչĸ
ƳУǵİ칫棬Ҳ
ڽʡ쵼ĵ绰
ʡ쵼佱ƳǻڵĳɼұʾҪ֧һҪĽ衣
ϼλ¼λֱӵ֧֣ȻͶǮˡ
һҪ˵ˡллʡǵƳǵչˣһúý
ƳǵǸ൱귢չĺܲǸǰɡ
ǵģǽǸͬ־Ƴ׼õġǵ
ãͬ־Ҫú
˵绰֮Ƕ豭һڲ裬ӣȻȥҺг˵Ϣ
гº͵ЦСͬ־Ȼ˵㣬ջҲǺܴġ
Цǰ֮ǰ̫żˣڿҶˡ
гҲҲ׵ġ
ЦŵͷʡһʿӣҲһ㲻ʡҲ㡣
гЦˣСյֻˡ
ǵҿǻھûһֵġʲôĽʲôı
г⻰ֹţⲻҲͦǮҪȻô˸ʲô


400 400
ͺԤ, ڵ쵼೤ӵϵͳ֪ͨʱͺϵһڱһˡ
զоôأ
ӿʼͺ
ȻźҪ
¶ôһףף, ֺֺǡϧ֯¶ӡүȥϢ㣬骺һˡ
ڴϢá
ǻڽһƬð
ϲ, ǰ, ڴҶиɾ, ȥء
ҲĦȭƵĵȲˡǿߵС˶ʵ
Ҫء
ЦҲż쵼Ҳúء
ε, , Ҹ˵ġҪĻ, ȱ𼱡
ͷˡ
ҲͦΡܶ๤Ҫúء
˻㱨ϢͲϢˡ
뿪֮ԼĹŮһ, ҼԪвˡ
СԪû£ϵƤ, װ۵, ۾Ҳ, Ȼ
ⲻԲ۾Լķ
鼫õ, 㰡
, κ骳ţˡ
ΪӲţÿ£͸ɴɳȥ񾯽ѵָ
ˣĴк
ȻӶͳһЩˮ
ⶼ˴ģһֱûԡ
ģԵǣʱҲĵ㡣
ЦŸץǡ
κһˮ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
Ե޹ʵĳ˼Ǹʲô
ţû취ֻܽˡ
ЦŵʲôѾͳԵ㡣˵ܽѹ
һɻ󣬡˵
Ҳ˵ġ
ǿ϶ˡ϶еллл㰡ͬ־Ȼֵ¸ɻûʲôѹǣǾͲˡ
Ҳл
ЦŵþС
ˣһɵĽȥһɡҲǰ취ϰһӣһչ˺ӣ岻֡
κ·ϰǹԡ
ˮģζüˡ
ξܺõͬ־ͦõġһ˿ڴﻹǹ
ЦˣҲû뵽
Ǹ칫εģıȽ϶ˡ
զͻȻǳأ
ųţʵͬ־춼ۻڣҲ֪ɼû
Цǳ˼ϲǣҪý
γǵͷҲ˵׼ͷҴҵԧס
Լɲ˼ȥ˼ҵ¶ͷʵˡ
˵ҪʣʵϹæ¶Ҳһȥˡ
ӣûҵʡ
ԽٽӣԽǿʼæµʼʡʼԼ֮ǰĹûʲôʧĵطǸϽܽᣬʱȺ
ĿУʽˡ
˳˳ڼ䱣ĺãɫʮֵĺáһӣԼϴ˸ɸɾġûоˡ
Ȼһһһٷף¡
үү̻ǾίСԪˣҪռͣԿ԰ˮϯ
ԪүҲضãҪ׶ϷҲҪˮϯ¹ϲʶģȥһٴ͡
Ԫ鶼ͷѵ
극֮˵ԼİˣҪصλȥˣʱʱι̡
ү̣Ҳûʱǳȥ棬ҪȥԪǡ
̰֣ûɶģϸ첲ȵģҲסҲڵˣҺүүҲؼˡ
ʱ˵סģⶼһˡ
ʵڲӦߵ
ԽԽϲԼš
ҪԪһ춼ס
ҪȥˣҲˡ
ΨһߵľԪүӣ￴ŮȻ顣
ռҪߣûˡֻһİ̾
ҪæҰѺӴ׶ȥչҲС
ԪЦЦҪʵҪţҰҸ״ӹӻɡ
ԪүӶʱӵ۵ġ
ռûɶ˼ǶԪүΪǲͬġ
žľ˵ˣ׼үӣɲô⽨ʱͬˣ˸˵뷨ʽҲһҪӻǸԼá˵ˣ㶼ˣչ˭
Ԫүӣ
үүһôܵ˵ı顣
үүҪϣҴǻһᡣ
˼ǣ̫ˡ˼ˡ
Ԫү򴽣һ仰Ҳû˵ˡȻһʼ֪ɹֻŬ˳ӦһԼӣԼӦˡ
˿ȣҿЦģǼʲôһϲأˣӦÿʼˣҸȥ硣
һٳŵүүһ㶼Ľûľʣһ㶼ˣǸϲڴϻྣӣϷû´Ҷơ
ֿ֣Ԫͷġ
үүϵһȥռסһӡеضסҲ
̸ֱףһͣϸ첲ȵıˣͷ·иôǿɾˡ
Ԫүӣ
ȻԪүӦǻͬһռȥ
˵ǣ˴ˣͻȥ
Ԫ鶼ûɶԼɶɶҲ֡
صìܣҲӰ˵Ľ
ϣ񽫺Ӻ˯ˣ˴ˣȻ󿿴ϵԪط䡣
˺һŵȵϴˮҵԪ
һĸ첲ģ˵ȻȣϴˮҲУô죿
㻨ҽԺʱձҽˮƽɲߡ
Ԫϰߺܲͬ
Ԫ쿴˿´βˡ
ȻڴϹص˯
ۿۣȻҲڰе˻ûж
Ųһ㣬˯ˣ
ţϻҪүүȥʡء
ŶҲˣȻԼױˡ
Ŵӻеӣ˶ûô׽أΪɶأ
ȻԼ˼뻹ǲࡣ
ˣ˯ҲǺæģ
ȵԪ˿
¶˾ġ
ڶһ磬ȫض硣
ֻſүүϳ
Ԫȥʡǡ
ԪүˣŶ壬˼ⲻġҪֻһˣӿ϶ûĵġ
һˡ
ЦϳСԪְ̱ţҲŴ۾ǡ
ֺ̺úõĿԪŲ˳
ųԶˣ۾ͻȻЩᡣԣҲһһֱһ
ͷٿһ¶СԪ̾ԪˣҲҪ뿪ˡ
ҲԪõġ
ƽʱæѹûжʱ㺢ӡбķҲ޷ˡһڵȷʵҲȲԪߡ
ԺӶ֮󣬾͵øְһˡԪ԰ߡҽãСҪиˣҲ㡣
һºӵıӣְ̱ӻȥԼȥϰࡣ


401 401
𽫽»صλ, ǻһ¶ˡ
û֪ͨŵ˾㱨ˣ쵼Ҳ绰, ûʱ䣬㱨ʱĹ
骿ɲԼϽȥ㱨
ӦػظλĸоҶԹ, , ͸ɴһһˣ翪ȫ, һۡ
ⰲһʼ׼
û˴ţԼͷϻѹһЩļ˽Ĺ
ڻҪʵ¶һҽƱϵ, һ衣
һЩӰ˵¶
Ҳȥ, ĥһЩɲĹ뷨ƽʱ໨˵˼ȥ۲˽⡣
ҽƱϺ¶ֱӼܵģⲻЩ⹤Ķϸ, ġ
ǻһЩô˳ġ
˵·¶
ǿͶµ񡣵ʱǺһġ
ΪڸҲЩˣ·ҲޡǮ, ҲܲˡԲҪȥල
Ͼǹܴ¶ģЩһ¶, ҪǶ, ˭ܵˡ
û˹, Ҳֻ˸ͳơ
ʼ, ·Ȼûġ
ȻôֻûޣȫΧҲɵĲˣǲġ
ĸӣһһ
С󣬿ɼɲҲܹĽġ
ʵʲôİûյ
骵ʹˣ˵ûǮǮȥͶˡͶǮԺǮ·
ǻͦġ׬ǮΪ˸Ǹ㽨ģ۸ͶΪ˸񣬲Ϊ˸֯
ʵǲҪȥ֪ͨһ
ãý⡣
æˣ̴ְ绰ˣȥι̡Ͻϡ
ȥʱСԪ޵
⺢󣬾ͺĸ飬̷۱
ĳˣӲź˯
Ӻˣһʱ䣬Ҫ°ˣҲɴûȥ칫ҡ׼ȳ緹ٹȥϾҪһĻ飬ûʱιˡ
񻹵Ԫһ緹绰˵⼸ʡæ׼ˡ
Դܹ⣬ϾλҲϢ˺ܾˡæҲӦõġ
ֻϰʱߣ䲻û
Ц˯ĺСְ֣ҲʼҪԹԵġ

Ļ棬ĸɲԼǣ򳤸򳤻϶ˡ
Ҷ˻㱨׼ġг㡣
ǻûǵ
ص쵼ҫµҵפҵǹȫٷ֮ʮڶǹˣϼҼһйˣˮƽˡѾֹ
ɽԴһ㶼ĽѾʵ˼ҼһֳҼһȱԣȱǮ궼Ҫ·ˣһģһַӡҪѼţ·ӡ
ˮҲʾȪƳҲȫΧˣڻںũƷ˾̸ز⣬ԺȪƾƳزˡҲ˾Ƴˮ׬ǮˣǲȱǮ
ڵ򳤺һЦǻڵҲûʲô˵ģϾѾʵָԣˣ޷Ѿϡˣǻ϶ˣû޵Ҳޡʲô׬Ǯ׬Ǯģ˵ûʲôϡˣæſͨ·ߣ׼ȫͨϰȫ춼ǡ

˵ˡ
Ⱨ쵼ȵĻʲô˵ġ
ǵһ𣿿㷢ҵģǸ
ͽĽ˻ҵʱղֻԾ
Ҷ˵ĺк
Ҳ΢ЦӶ Ĳ
Ҷ˵࣬ΪǸġ
񿪴Ҳ˵ϻֱӿżɽĵ˵λ⡣
ΪڶѾǰѮˣϰҲȥһˣҲǶϰһܽ㱨
Ҵܽзֵ⡣
ļйɽĻ㱨
ȻǸĻ㱨
˽Ķ࣬ɵĺܺá
رҽƱ¶Ĺ൱á
ͳƣÿµҽƱݶµ
ȻǮˣҲϰǶҲԽĽܺϿˡ
ѾΪߵԵʣԶҽˡ
˵ǵĹҲıˡ
Ҳǵһߵĳԡ
ֻҪǾҪάסǮܶⷽǮ
Ӧˡ
ĽǽǼලЭġ
ǵȻ㱨⹤ø߸͵ġ
߸Ҳ⹤˵һ¡
ѾˣɵĽСʽΪʡ֧ԮԻǱȽϿԣġ
ͷϷһҪලãԲ֣㶹̡ЩӣӣȻǹҲҪලǰʱŹ˹ʣܸǷʵ鷢оģҲΪǹԽ¶ҪãԵĺȵģø͸𣬱᲻Ǯ
߸û뵽ôϸ¡
Ź̽ȵ¶ˡȷʵҲԼṩЩȷʵҲҪչ˵ҪȻ¶Ҳ¶
ЩһͰš
ĸɲǾͽˡ
ķԼԼúϸ£ܵˣ㲻
Եֵǻ㱨ʱһĶЩš˵˼֡
Ҳ档
㱨Ҳϸ¡ϰ٣֧١ЩΪϰսʲô⡣ƻҲϸ㱨
ԣ⡣Ϊ򶼺ȶڽ
ֻҪٶȣһء
ĸ￪ŵ¸гȥˡ
ȴһ㱨֮Цŵռٻ֮󣬿ĹɼǳĸˡǻڸɲǻģûйϰյҲţǵĸɲһԴ컨Ҹ
⻰ɰЩɲ˵üЦġ
һԼȷʵɵĺܲ
ͼǰȣǼֱǷ츲صı仯ˡ
ǰĺ벻롣
һʵˡ
ΪɲǰһҲܳһδ⣬ƽʱܳԵĩ㲻ˡԵ㶹֮Ǹƻʳˡ
ڲһˣкɽ๩Ӧȫϰնܳ⡣ṩˮҼһܳϱ˵㡣
Ҳ٣عҵЩӵĹˣ
ֱ۵ľǣҶˡ
Խ룬Խˡ
ڴҸ˵ʱ⣬㹤ƽʱﰲŵһЩƻûüල

Ҷ֪Ϊʲôôʡ
õ֮ףʤĹʵҲҪԼڻʽһƬãҲˮΪƴãһЩҾҲҪ÷Ҫģǻļල
λͬ־ǣԽԽˣ嶼ͶʣдˮײһЩõЧӦ
ͺ֮ǰ岻·һΪʲô·ͶʣΪǮͶʣ׬ǮͲȥ·ˡ
Ҳ˵׬ǮȸҪ
µľ׬Ǯ֮ĵλ㷴ˡ
׬ǮʵϾΪ˸õΪ


402 402
, ͰԼǸֱһ¡
ˮɽ͹صĴӡ
쵼ЩΡ
ıˡ
, ⲻһ·⡣Ե㿴棬ֻһ·ǻûֵأȷϢ, Ƕ𣿡
쵼û˵
, ˵ǼĹǲ㱨, Ҳ֪š

ʵҲ˶ʱ䡣ƽʱϰļ䣬֪ϹչôˣǾǹϼ쵼ǴˣǵģϰաĹ, Ƿϰյϡ
ʲôʱܹ, ߶ϰ֪ǲ˵ȷȷʵʵ¶Ϊ񣬲һջ!ҪǷĶ󶼲֪ʲô, ǻ̸ʲô񣿡
ⷬ˵쵼ࡣ
Ǽ, ͬ־˵úã⻰˵̫ˣϰ˵Ǻ, ʲôԲܡϰҪ˵ǲ, ǰٺ, Ҳǰ״
Ͻ̬, ǻڻȥԻ㹤ļܹ
Ҳű̬ȻͦڣҲ֪ⷬȷʵȷġ
˼뷽ҲǶԵġ
Ϊ񣬲һջ
̬ãɫҲ˺ܶࡣ
ЩҪĿģֻϣѡ
ܲϣδĴͶ¸·ĳЩ˵Ǯ·
ϣôǶǵΣһЩ𺦴¶
һʲôԲߣʱҲʡԼȥһĶԲߡÿԺ͸ʲôߣ¹йʾұʱ䡣ͬʱ䡣ϰյļලϰվ﹤ûʱɵģûλģʲôģͨϢ
⻰ʶԱѹˡ
ϰյ۾ôϰնţҪǲúùܱ֡
ȷʵҲһѻյЩõϰߡ
쵼Ƿ׷ԺҲ䣬鷳
Ҳ¶ͱǰˡ
뷨ȻҲǡǵҲҪġҪһĹǻɼܹ
쵼ǣ
ջ˼ҴɲǣڵÿʼԼˡ
˵Լʽǵ
ͬ⣬취ҲܺáǸúúüܡǺͬ
ΪһϸɲҲҪϸһЩ
ûʲôˡ
ϾǶԸɲǵһܶѣʲôľߣķչû̫Ӱ졣
Ϊ쵼⼶ԣҲϣĻɲǶܹúµġ
Ҷͬ⣬¶Ͷ
ĿǴﵽˡ
ɢ֮ǰٴǿﻹ򣬻ߴǶֻһ뷨ҪΪǵļңϰǵļˡ׬ǮĿΪü˹ϺӡΪ˿żˣʹȥ׬ǮġĻ
Ҷ֪ˣϲ
ɢ󣬴ҸϽŻŵظˡ
رǼ׼ȥǼӸϽ·
˵ҲҪ㲹ȡ
֮ǰַɵĹΧع֮󣬾ûˡһȹȥϸˡ
ȥ֮Դ绰ѴɲǶйҹˡ
Щɲ֪ԺҪǼල֮󣬶ЩˡЩ
ǻȫ˼ලأ
ǵˡ
ǰͰĹС˭ⶢءֲǳÿ

úùµָԺҲҪලģ԰Ҳָϸһֻ۱һֻۣǲܵġǹܲסԹƢ֪ġ
ǻ֪
λ۾ݲɳӡǸжرǿ쵼
ָ˼Ҵ˲С˹ǲܵġ
ر˼ڼأӾҳû·Ĵӡ
˼һû·ˣ붼¡
Ȼòǰˣһ߻ҪִС
ڶڴʾˡ
ΪͶʵ¶ڶܹע֯Ϣ
ƽʱû¶ܣʲô׬Ǯָʾ
һĶŷϢʱ򣬾Ϳˡ
Ȼֵ
ԺǼලǸɵĺòأ
ôˡ
Ժ˭ҰˡѧûҸߣϳ
ʵǻûôĵĶĸɲΨһܿģҲԼһĶֵص档
˭ֺԼ棬Ǿͻᶢ˭
֮ǰĸɲĸȥλˣҲȥƽϡ
Ҫݸɶ¶ӰˣǲŻȥ˵
¹ǻ᲻ȥ״ȥ٣ⶼǶߵϲ
ŸǸİȫС
ǰ뷨û˵֪˭˵Ҳ˵
ڲһˣֱдţֱӺ쵼˵ǾͲԺίˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼߵϲĵһ죬䣬Լͱˡ
ܶϰԼ⣬ЩǼĳɲҰݣġ
ЩԼԼĳЩ費ġ
ЩԼ
дĳĳ˵ĻҲˡ
ڰ칫
Ķ˼ˡ
⹤ʵרŵĸ¸ġֻΪǵһ죬ź
û뵽ŶЩ
Ҳ׼ˣϾôϰգκοܻ֡
骿Цãһʲô˵
Ц˵Ҫ²˵ЩҪȥģԼҲЩûʲôôģ͵ֺֺǡ
骵ͷһͷҲࡣ
㻹ûطһ򣬿ôֻӡ
Уһͷһ˲顣
¹ѻµˣҲҪռѻġ
ϵﻹҪḻ˼¶ˡ
ÿй涨ȵͶʣǾȻ˼𳬶ġ
¶ٳ֮쵼һ£Ȼӡ
ҺðҺ÷ֵļʱ⻹ֻǸ
¶ʱû˷֣û˹ܣĳЩ˵θǲǾͻԽԽˡ
ȻֻԽԽ࣬𺦵˭棿
϶ϰյ氡
ҵǸϰһϵģǸĳЩ˷Ƶġ
Ҫб£Լȥ˾û㡣ռݶǾͲһˡ
ʱһҵ˭ҵˣֶܷǮ
̫Σˡ
¶ûϢصĸֱӴشˣ׷ΣȻ⹫ʾЩõɱҡС
һרȫҵһϸĺ˲顣
ϢҲǷɺܶࡣ
ǰڷ˵ǻ¡ǰڷ⣬ܹøɲǸߣЩ⡣ͷ϶ɱ
Ϊ鼫ã°ؼιԪʱ򣬻ܿĵĺӡ
ܺá
ԪЦ߽ﻹһ
üͻˣŻʲô
ԪЦŽһߵϣ֪ʡ͸㣬ʲô
ЦҲ˵׼յġ
Ԫ鿴һۣЦЦְûƿ
߲廨ôôˡ
ͺ̸˹⡣
Ҳǳ֮ƣҾðӸ˵ǻɲ⣬ԼǴӸϽ⡣
ԪЦ߹һڣǿɲס
ٲףҲҪȥ
һᶨ
λϣҪ뷽跨İ⹤á
Ԫ飬㹤æˣ
šԪͷ۾ԼŮ͡
Ůڴڵˮ
ȡ
ƿ
ĥúԪͬ־ԡ£˴Ȼصƣ֡
ԾôͻȻ֮ǰӣΪԼ˼벻࣬ȫЩˡ
λ䲻ĳˡ
Ԫ
񣺡ˣѹȥʡ֮󣬾һȥأԭȥ
ţգȽϱաԪǱȽƽ֮˵ȷʵҲֻһС¶ѡ
𣿡΢һ¡
ԪЦҡͷûۡ
ЦҲû˵ʲôòõ⡣
ֻǾøˡ


403 403
°, ڸĽ趼ݱġûΪ÷չиˡ
ųѲһȫҲûôĻڵķչ⡣
°ҲûˣܹȥķչɹԼȼӿ, Ѿܲˡ
ҪĵĻǻɲһ
ĻɲѾ͹ȥһˡ
ȥܹù, ϰմѡ
Ҳѡٵһ֡
Ҳб׶˵ġ
ܶϰղʶһõĸɲǵҪԡѡʱ, Ÿ**ʡԼͶƱ, ԼõͶƱ߸ɴɲ͵ѡƱ͵ˡ
뷨Ǻúɲ, ǴӸ˵Ҫôʶ
Լѡøɲ, ֯ٸһ, ͺðˡ
ҪȻô, ˭Ҳû֤һܹලطġ
⣬ͽ, Լ˼ᡣ
㽨ۡ
Ϊ, Ҫûϰյĸʶ
ɲѵһҲҪ, Ҫÿ칤
Իô, Ҳ֧֡
Ҳ˵ֵһЩСˡ
ͺ͸ǷһǸػػû, ٺ, ȵ
˻
Ҳû°겻̫ɾˡ
Цŵ۽°궼úõæһæ
ɲֹ, ҿԺÿ궼Ҫһÿ°ºʮ¶¡ԶĹ³档
ⶨ֮, Ժ󼴱ǻµ쵼, ҲҪôġ
ɼԻɲˡ
ۣն³̡
һÿµʮ£ҪµĻ
ҪԻɲʵжڿ졣ÿ׶Ĵɲг顣
˫£ʵֻĹ淶
ڻרųС飬Ŀչ
λɲĹģҲ׼ԼԼġ
ǽšල
ʼ֮ǰټСᣬ׼ϡ
ЩСŵĽԼϸ񿴡
֮ʱüͷϸߣ̫ʽˣ̫ˣǵҪͨ
ЩСĳԱϰʲôߺòãǲ⣬óʵʵݡ磬һõ쵼ÿ׬˶Ǯһ쵼ÿ˴Ǯô⣬ﲻеó
Сı˲ԡ
óȸԣСϴΪͣȻˮ
СϴĸɲҲǱѡٵģԼƶһѡٵ
ѡٵˣ֮ǰɼġ
Ϊ˱׼ԾͲĳЩƾϵλЩɲÿЩҲҪʾġ
ֵڣĴɲԴ֯忪һСƳҲմͶʡǣƳ棬֯ûռٷݶ󲿷ַݶ峤ԼɲռˣǴӴ֯ǮͶʣĺӻ϶˽˵ġȻҲͶǮˣΪ֯û룬͵´֯׬Ǯ
Ƿֵļʱ֯ڼӶȣϡʹֺ죬пܵġ
Ϊ˵͵İдϡ
֮ͨչ˺ҵĻѧϰ
ϴεҽȥÿһҲֱӵÿļ
ֱÿ忪
ǽЩΪĸɲΣ
Ǿøɲûϵ𣿴ˣɲòãԺʲôӡ
ǰ·ЩˣЩ岻ޡ·壬㣬û·Ĵ壬ĳ;׬׬Ǯˡ
ľǳָȺβ͵Ұ˽ѳӸˣ˳ͶʶˮƯˡͶʣ˹涨ķݶ֯ǮȥԼ˽Ͷʡ֯ûǮ·ţǮȫ˱ˡ˵ܲѡ
Ϊ˼ûͰԼƱҸˡѡ˲ʵˣǺʧǼ仰صġ
ÿϰնҪΪԼ𡣡
Сϴ壬кøɲҼһס¥ȫ̵ˮ·Ǹǵˮ෿ӡٳ壬·Ǹն
ϸЩɲǺ˻ߣɲѹɽ
Ψһľϰˡ
ôһǲ֪ԭɲôҪ
ǰǻûע⡣
Ͼ˭ɲƺԼûϵҲֲԼҡ
˿գǸˡ
Щ¶ûǵģǸӵյ¶Żˡ
ҪǸɲŵĲУȻĳӵˣǿˡ
һֱΪӪλǲᵹյģԴûеĹܹһֱϡ
ˣʶҲǻᵹյġӪƣάֲȥˣ϶Ҫŵġ
۷׷׵ģ̸ĸԱСĸԱ˭йϵƨ¶ûУǱŽȥġ
ǰǲܣڿɲܲˡ
ӶзݣϹڡ
ÿ岻ֹᣬڰ屨ںš
ѡƱͶܹϸˡ
žƱ𡣡
ɲѡãҼһԲ
ͶƱ׬Ʊ
һĸɲÿЩĻ̵̻ĸо
оԼϰǶˡ
ÿĳȥ˽
Ȼ㱨
Щɲѹ͵нζŸ߱׼仰ҲǿԵġֻҪĻɲ϶Ҫġ
¶רҽˡ
ǣǵԱɲͲҪƽЩ˰ɡҵ˼붼Ǿסġ
ǻսʶɻء
ЦǣʱͬˣڽǸɲҲýɲҲмˣҲҪԺҺڵģǲǣֻҪǸɵĺãҾÿԽ
ԴѸٵˣôɲüӶٰ
Լĵһٽ͡
֮ǰ·֮ģʹͬˣҲͨˡ
ҽƱϣҲͬˡ
ٺǸͬˡ
ɲǰô֪Ǯĵطôء
ǰϰˣȻ˵㣬ҲûᶨǴӦˡ
ֱṤʿ϶ǲеģϵ¶б׼ġˣɲҪˡ
Ȼкͳ֮϶ģһڲҪͳһġ
ЦǸĿԺÿǵĹн⽱ǹˡҪǼǴģֵܵģ⽱ûˡҪرõģۻܶʡ
ǵҪ㿼˱׼ˡ¶ǻʱ䡣
ĥ󿳲ЦŵɲǿĵǺãչͻá
¶ú㱨
ҲæŸ蹤
ȻҪģڷչĽ׶ء
֯һѧϰһָɲȥڽпѧϰ
ã㱨Ҳ¶˵ˡ
Цⶼûģȥ֮ѹ󡣡
ǵǶǷչģ˼һ˾ѹ󣿡
˵ĲǶԸɲҪ󡣡
ĻɲĹ㱨һ顣
һһ㶵ģЧô
Чд顣
¹̲ѹ̫ˣɲǻǵĵ
Ͼܶѡ
Цŵⲻ쵼ʾҲ׼ߣɲúùɼ


404 404
ԹϽĸɲýȨеġ
Ͼչһ, չȷʵǳãǸȻҲɲ
ֻƳǣˡ
ǸǼᶨҪͻѧϰ뷨ˡ
ߵ̫, ֮, ̫ˡΪֹ, û߳һʺԼչĵ·
ƳǶŬչˮֳ, ȷʵҲ, ȹȥҪúܶࡣǺͻڱȫܱȡ
˵, ͹ҽһ, ھͳ̫ˡ
Ҫ, ǵĶ͵ЦˡӹǸЩͶʣ˵Ƥˡ
Сհ, Щõļƻ, ҿ϶֧ǵġҲƳǵı, Ŭ, ԺƳúȡء
ϲģֻҪֵѧ, ǿ϶˽, ֡ͬչƳǡ
ϣҲο绰Ǳ߰˹ѧϰ, Ǵ򶼰һЩ쵼ɲ, ȥѧϰ졣úÿڷչ
ɲǽӵ֪ͨ, Ҳ˽ˡ
ȻԴӻ֮ȷʵչĺãλõģҲЩġ
ǿںܶණûƵģ绨ڵĵƣ˵ơԼڵһЩԴ
Ƴ쵼ǶԻڵչˡ
궼˶ٴˡ
鲻ȥѧǵȥѧ
ﰲԭ֯ܲΪгܸгӣʱһǰιѧϰ
˻ڣǺ˵ƳͬǸɲӸ¶Ȼһ¶
ǻͦǺúѧѧۻڶٳɼˣǶûʲôء
Ҳû˽һЩҲа쳧Ȼũͬ־ֲ˸ֳġҲɵĲǹ滮ĲãЩɢ
һɢɳͺͳһĸɲʶĻˮƽǲģָɲԼȥũ¸ּʺС
ǰڻҪָ·
ǹҿҲǸᣬҲϣǶܱߵչء
ǿ񣬼˵ͦģ߿ˡ
һ˽Ķûа
ҪˣԵǲù˼ҷչĺòãҲˡ
ͬԺˣ쵼ľְ
ЦͲ½̻ͽܶʦ
ֻҪϰճԱˣ۵ɲĿ𣿡
ǸҪпһЦʵΪҶԼͦĵġ
ǣЦҡͷеҲֻˣء
⸺Ӵ쵼¶ȻŵġϾҪæɲ¶
ɲ˵Ҫӹѧϰһɡ
⿪˸ᣬǵʱС˼ѧͽֵ̡ܵλǻڶôԶˣҪǲҴžûʲô˼ˡҲ˼
ǼԺ̵ʱ򣬾͸п쵼˵ɣʱҲعˡ׳ʵˡ
ʵܿٿһ쵼Ļ飬ɲĵ¶
һڳ˸оˡ
У߸ŵʵҲĲţⷽȽС
ͷ
˶ʱˡ
˵ʵĵĻϢǽ˼ϢˡϾϵ⡣˭ǹʰǸɲҲⰡ
رԼҪ֪ǹˣǿ϶Ͷˡ
ЦŵҲˣ߸ǸҪԹڸɲˣԼҪ淶һ¡ÿÿλһ׼ԺŽⷽ棬Ҫˡ
˵Ȩǵ
Цŵͷʱ͵øλͬ־ˡ
Ħȭƣ¶࣬ҲǸ˵İ
ϸµλ¶϶һ￪ܽ¶ôϵ¸ϣԼᱨһݱ׼濼ˡ
͵ðϢ֪ͨȥˡ
ϵ£֪ҪӸĴϲ¡֮ǰΪɲѹɿࡣ
ΪڲϢʽɲٰ׷ţа깤ôˣ˵ģһ깤ʡ
ʲôǹʷĴ
ôĽ˭ﻹȺ
ΪѹЩĸɲǣҲˡû˹Ȼʧȥôõнʺ͸
ΪҪæƶ˱׼ԴǶѧϰ¶һˣҲӵ㣬λרŰס޺ͳԷ⡣
ǻպһӴܸгЩͬ־
ʵЩ쵼Ҳ˽ڵķչģƽʱҲûʲô⻹ǵһ̤㷢չĻ
ڵĵһоǣ⻨ڵĻ޵ľͺͳһ
·̻޵Ҳ̫ˡ
ٿ˼ķپҪ֪ڻڣǶҪΪһСˡ
ܸгڻڵӡҲǺüˣεģÿ仯α仯
ȻܾȣǶͦȵסĺԼ֡
Цŵӭλͬ־ǻͰ
ܸгЦǿɲ͵ģǴѧϰġ
ܸгȻΪгˣǳгڽǰҲд
ЦŵѧϰͣǶǻӭġǵͬ־Ҳ˵ˣҪľд
ܸгŶЦͬ־ĳɼԽԽˡܻǵõͬ־ڵ龰
ЦҲǵ쵼Ƕҵ࣬ÿʱÿ̶иֻаѻڷչãŶԵ𵱳쵼ǶҵΡ
ܸгʱЦ
պڡ
˫ֺһǾЩɲȥϢ׼ôѧ
ܲܺ͸ͷӬһ
˻Ժ棬ҾͿʼ۲ˡ
Ȼ֣⻨ô㲻һ
ڣЩһʮæµĹɫҴҵġ
ô쵼Ҳûдֵӡ
⾫òͦһġ
˻棬Ϲ׼ˡ
ڰҲд˲軰
Ҳĥ䣬ֱӿżɽôһʼ˽⡣
ܸгˣԼ뿴ʲôģ
Щ쵼Ƕõģ࿴˿Ȼһ䣬͵칫۾Ͳ;ȥ߿ǶڸķչȤ
ЩҪҲ
ЦǵȻУԴȥ
ܸг᲻ᵢǵĹ
֪ǸӹһʱһҲͣġ
û£¶Ҳȥһǵ
쵼ǵǲӡȿʵʵĻڷչ
ԼȥҪвģ̻ͬ־ǡʵڲڵͬ־鷳
ԣ΢΢üǶһۣ֪˼΢ء
ǵͷҲЦҲУǿ߿˽ǻڡǸزҲԳԵСԣز֧Ԯһǻھý
⻰ôЦ


405 405
Щ쵼뷨,Ҳġ
Щ˹һѧϰһҲڵôģֻ˵,ǲͬ˵зչôá
϶Ҳỳӹ̡
Щطչãʵط
ȥԼԼѰҴ𰸡
쵼Լﲻ飬Ҳǿ
Щ쵼ԼȥܸгûǸ뷨,ڻ˽һ»ڵĽ衣
Щ쵼ų,ԽӴܸгȥιĹ̡
ܸгЦŵǶȥˣ㲻ǰ֪ͨһ£
ҡͷ,Щͬ־Ҫܸǻҳ㲻֮һҪлǵġԼҲŬ,ܱȰǿ湦򣬽ˡ
ܸгһĴָ
ܸгҲǸԼ쵼Ѿȥ,гʹˡ϶Ҫ˽Ӱġ
ҲǸλá
г,Ҳһɼ
úܺ,ѾҪ,ι,Ҳڻڶ࿴طϽİ,Ȼ취չҲĳɼ
ûʲô뷨ľǹѧϰ,ҪطҲ,ȥعҵˮľƳɽֳ⼸ص㷢չ
صسʱһˡ
һ,쵼ѧ˼Ҹ˸΢С
Ϊ˲ûͨ籨ţǻͷж
ڻڵĽͨĸ֮ܣǶҪԼˡֱӺϰһ˹
Ȼͷж
һ·ϣ͵˻ڵĽͨ⽻ͨ治ǳ¶·á
֮䶼޵··ܿ˫
֪Щ·һ㶼޵ġʡɱ
⻨洦ɼ˫ЩɲǺۡ
ûǮ
Ǯ
ϰ죬Žȥʲôˡ
ʲôũóгʵţ⣬Ǯһ˵лũóгǮǺɽҪˡ
Ҳȥڿˣ˵Žȥʪ˸ҩûǮ´λȥ
һҲ͵ճԻЩɲ˾һˡ
겻ڣǮ⡣
̫̫ƷʪȥҽԺ
Щܿǵˮƽˡ
رǻмͬ־ԼͶʣ˵δҪ׼Ѭ⳧˵ũƷ˾ҪҪЩز˵ŽҪӶͶʡ
ƽǶͶѾϰˡ
ٶ׬ǮˣҲȥ̸ġ⿿Ͷǵ㣬˴ơ
ҲشˡƲͶǵǮͶʶ೤ʱ䰡
Щ˵ŶЦ
ϵǶɽ쵼׼ȥɽġΪɽͺɽýǾÿԽĵط
ô̸ۣɽʵͬ־ǲμͶʣ¿ˣ
⼸ͬ־⻰ɽ϶㲻ǻ˰ɡ
ݵġɽЦŵ
ѹأһСЦˣҪǻڵľ͸֪ͶʿļʺСġǶǿɽɽģֻҪúֳôܿءͶҲ࣬һ꣬Ҳ𡣡
ͷ¶ȥŻǼͶʲģˡж١
ɽȣЩ¶
ǿɲֳأĴרҽ̵ġ˵ЩЩͬ־Ƕͦһ䣬û
ɽȷʵЩΡ
˳˺ɽ֮󣬶ɽļɲͿʼˡ
ӡ̵ľ͸ɾࡣ
С򣬹滮ҲǺͻǱ߲ࡣܸɾĵӺܶ࣬ر̡һЩƤƷꡣһۿȥƺɫһ
ϰվòܺãõľɫˣһǳԵĺòɫ
ѹֱ˵ɽȱ⡣
пЩ˵ľòЩ˿ûȥ
ǲĺʹ˵á
û⣬ȥߡ
һ·߹ȥдĻ·
ɽп˴ͨ·
һ·ʱһһȺѼˣǣкʵͬ־ǲİ
ɽ쵼ǻ࿴˿ɽʵ磬ôô˵ѲɻĶ֪ͨˣ
ҲµģҾĥſ϶ʲôʱҪǴġǷİɣǴءɲǶֳأúáǷİɡҪǲãǿ϶ȥ˵ġ
ɽʵǸɲǶúã
ãء˭Ҫǲúù´ξͲͶƱڶ֪ġлϺǹİרŴԶ顣˵

ԭ˼˵Ĳ˵ǡ⻨ڻȻôϸ
ɽ쵼ǻȥһȦ
֮ļҼһֳ
˼ҲģܽרŵֳķӡȻôֳǴɸɾġ
ǽϻ֮ǰɲıԼһЩֳע
ˣȻͬ־ɲˡ
ɲܹˣûϳЩ˭Ҫǵ֤
ɽεóԼĹ֤
ɽġ
ɲʱҲˡΪ쵼ءȻҲ쵼ҲܲԼͷ
Ҳܸﶪɲߺдǡ治˼ͻȻҲû׼
ɽǹι۵ġ
ŵİϢûǴЩɲʮֵԴĵĴЩ쵼ιۡ
ɽŸ˽˺ɽũֳ
ȻǼͥλ˽ֳɴ֯ҲǺӵġ
רŵҽÿ춼ЩֳļݼȻڼǩֹ֡һЩȾԼµĴģʧ
ﻹνֳרңҪڳȥѧϰȻµֳ顣
ֻ֮Ҫʹ˵һϵλջЩλ˵ģЩɲͲ˵ҧҲ͸¶һֳȻǷŶɽЩ쵼⡣
ֳʼۣﶼй
ȻЩֳҪ˰ġ
ɽһ쵼п⹤ͦ󰡡
ɲͻشҲãϰ߾ͺˡǴɲ£Ϊϰ¸𡣡
û˵Ҫǹʵĺ¶˵ˣӡ
Ӵ֮󣬶ɽ쵼һʱ֮䶼֪ȥˡ
ǻҪȥ𣿡
ʲô˵𣬸Ӷôɵġ

ɽ֮̾ǰΪǿнĵطڿѡⲻǵô򵥡
ҪϰյΣɲϣԼ·ṩ
˵ϵµŬȱһɡ
֪öɽ쵼ͷġ
ﻹʣôġ
ֹɽ쵼ǾҲǲࡣ
ˮ򣬱غͻ
Щϰǻ϶Ѿʼϸԣ·ˣҲãģһһˣǺ֪Ҫʲô¸
ﶼͶʼƻҲĴĴ¶
ѧĿǰڸũ̵⣬·𶼿ˡ
˵ǰ껹УԴͶ֮ûˡ
ԴɲǿԲûܶʱ棬ֻҪİţͰĴ¸ˡ
֮Щĸɲﶼ׵֪ʵһǣȷʵͬ˵÷չѸ٣ԣ
ڶǣҵˡ


406 406
ЩɲǸѧϰʱ,ܸгҲһι˻ڵһЩĿ
ǰ˵ڷչǿ˭ǰ˵ҿɲˡܸгڽе
,ҲҪץסֶκ
ЦҲ·˵ŬǱĥˡͼ˹ʴһЩ˵ǻ˺ˡû˹ʦͼ֮ǰ,˶ѧϰ,˶ѪơֻϣǻڣڶԵʱ,˶Եʦ
ܸгҲһͬ
ǰô˵˽Ľ֮,;ⶼǺ˵˵
ûлͬģ㽨,ʸƴʦкЩɼ
ǳ,ǵЩ,Щ,κεط
Ҳ,г,ʵδѧϰҲ˼˺ܶ⡣ǻȷʵڷչ,Ҳϣܹչġʱõʱ,ʱӦŬץסϰܹϸĸг¸
ܸгͷ˵ö,ھͿʲô뷨ˡǹҲǴŴ̼һµ뷨еģȱ˵
Щͬ־Ǹ˶ͬ־ܶ˼뻹ûϡ
ϾԸĸ¶ҲȫȻļᶨһȻ۸ĸǷȷ뷨
ǻһЩˣҲҪܽ
ܸгԼʵҲһ㱣ص뷨ڿڵľ޴仯Ҹ֮ͳ׸ıԼ뷨
ǸĸﻹǲĸһĿ𣿹ǿ񸻡
֮ЩԼȥιѧϰɲǶˡ
صӡ
ָ˸軰ᣬǳ̸⼸ѧϰɹ
Щɲǵ̬ȾͶˣ˵Ҳû֮ǰеɽȷʵչĺðϵ£ͦá
ܸгʵȥ⼸죬ɹΪʲôãЩֵѧϰĵطŪ𣿡
ٺڽ;棬ȷʵĺܺáɲձҲǱȽϸߵġ
ϰҲ˼ҲܻڵĶԱֵѧϰ
ɽҲڴϰ¸ȷʵǻ˺ܶ˼ġ
ⷽѵġ
ϵ£öĵӰ
ܸгˣЩɲǷˡ˻ȷʵǿܶˡ
˴̼ã͵ʣ죬Ǿͺúõĺͻڵͬ־ѧ
쵼ǾȻҵóҲͻѧ㶫
ͽǿ鷳ڵͬ־ˡ
Ц鷳̸ϣҲϣֵܵλչáֽʲô뷨Ҳ˵
⻰˵Ĵ󷽣ҲЩ뷨뿴ͻܲ
࿴˿ɽȿˣ֪ûʲôĿԴǶɽ
⻰һܸгʱһա
쵼Ҳһ⻹濪˿ڰ
û뵽ȻЦŵɽǻں⵹Ҫú̸̸ǶԶɽǺ˽⡣
ش쵼һ㶡ɽ߶û뵽ôӦ
пܣ
ɽǶɽͺɽýࡣ
ҲΪԶɽڼҲá
״Ҳ׷׿ˡ
ͻڸ
ҵ׬Ǯ˵ûǮô㷢չ
ѧϰĲ軰˲˺̸ᡣ
Цŵһ漰֮ĺһ˿ɲÿ뷨ʵһᣬҵҲ뷨ˣͬΪƳһӣҲֵܵλ
νֵģϽҲ˼Ǽ֮䣬ܲлΪеĻᡣ
⻰쵼Ｄˡ
ô룿ɽм
ûаѻ˵̫ҲͻȻһ뷨ѣû롣ҲҪ滮ôǸ֮ܲЭһ¡ʱ뷨ǺܺãʵҲǺѵġ
ֻôһ뷨ҲЩ˸ˡ
ôһܣǺ޵Ŀܡ
˵ûϢĻǿɶϻгһʻ¸Ĵġ
Ҳ˳ҵѣ֪ʵһ仰¶
Ҫиõ·ӣȻǸáõ·һͨ׶Ļ˵Ǳȡ
Ϊ˵ҪĹ滮ҿܸг
ܸгЩԸŽ㷢չȻҲοǵûȥίһȥгᡣ
ЩѧϰҲˣڻ߶ס죬Ҳͻߵֵͬ־Ƕķչ⡣
Щ˻ȥϢ֮󣬽Ǿ͵֮ǰѧϰʱˣ
Ц룬ҲΪϰչϺӣǲҲˣµֲԸΪϰշĵء
ǾеȻ񣬡ۻڴЩչ᲻ᱻȰ
Ϊڸĸ٣Ȼӻڵǰ;
ЦֹϺȣٽڵķչ˵ǻҪչɶ
ũҵ
ûȻ˵йҵгӣʵϣеҲũҵԴǵȷչһ̶ȵʱǵũҵԴĹӦ϶ԽԽˡҪԴԴϵԴӹѪӦҵչ󡣡
һһ磬ɽֳĿǰӦũƷ˾عҵԼǻʳƷǺɽֳΧôǱھ˺ЩλҪԴô죿ȻھµĻԴȥİĵƳǵ򡣶һģϷ㡣
ֳΧԽԽЩҵͻᷢԴḻĵôزҵͶʣ϶Ҳѡĵǻڱǰͷģѡʱ򣬿϶ѡ񻨸ڡḻԴܹûԴԴϵķչԽԽԣ
ͺδ˼ҿ꣬ϲѿһḻԴѡ񣬲Ĺ˿͡
һҵ꣬ױ˺ԡ˾ûѡ񣬶ýȥ
һȺӱǼҵ꣬Ի׬̲
ЩĲӡ
ȻԼӿˣȻûЩ
ͬ־ܵԶ
ЦʵҲһ뵽ġϴȥҲʹƳǵķչƻҵʱ𲻳֮żҲ롣ǹ벻аôҶԸСǶ֮ҵ뷨Խǿˡ
Ц뵽ͺܲˡ˵˱ˣ˭ܱһĶֵأãʵ𣿡
Ҳ˵׼ÿķչǶй滮ţǻܲð졣Ҳû¶¶ɣǺ¡ɣʱӰ첻󡣡
Ϊⷽ뷨ǿǿ̬ȣڻٽ뷨ˡ
ɻڵĺڲֿ⡣
Ȼ̫صٻڳʱǻܺء
Ҫб£ҲԼ⡣ƾˡ
һߣܸгԻһǻкг㱨
ڿƳǽ⣬ͻ㱨üͷˣȻЦˣ⻨ڿвסʱʱŪ㶯λҪչ
гЦǺ°Ҫܳˣͼǵѹˡ
Ǻ˿ڲ裬ҶԻڵǺܸߵģҵһڷչܵӰ졣Ǻõģһø㡣
ʵСǱǸʲô뷨Լģûǿ
ҿĺӣҲѹӡܸг
гЦҪС̸̸̽̽ס
ǵͷ
ϴλڽ¶־֮ӦͽԽԽǿˡ


407 407
ӵ֪ͨ, ͸ˡ
ǺͺгǶڰ칫ȥʱ˻̸
, гº͵ЦˣСˣͦæɣǻڶϰ
Цźλ쵼кȻ, г, ǲҹΣֻŬ㹤һʱһ̶и
Ǻ˿ڲ, ̸, ΪΪܻ˵Щ飬뷨ͻȻ, ҲŪǻڵ뷨Ͼ, ȷʵȲϻڡҪ׼, ԺѹɲСƳǳ, Щˡ
Σ, ɫҲ, ǣڻش֮ǰ, ܲ˽һ, ƳǺ׻﷢չ
Ǻͺг࿴һۡ
ʵʲô
, Ϊֻ˽ˣҲŸһļƻҪƳԺҪչԼĹ滮ЩƻӰ쵽Ƴչ𣿡
⻰̾˿Ҳʵ˵ƳʱûоļƻƳĿǰػеģ⸽ĽǿԽģĳչ
ΪƳ֮ǰֻǸسǣԳΧʵ˵ˣҲǼֵķΧѡ
ΪƳ֮ƳǲſʼҲ˲ٷΧˡӾͿ˺üˣһϰճˡЩҪʱȥġ
ƳǵƻеƳسǡΧȷʵˣܱЩǳеһǡ
ⲢΪչĺãΪʱչĴѡ
δũֵѾʵ޷άˣԴũǣŴʹвϽš
ⲢԸ⿴
ΪµĽǣũػķϣݿյġ
˺ܶ࣬ũһƬߡ
ʵϽǵũҲĺ࣬򷿵ѹѹô󲿷ֵũ񹤱ȴҲϸ
ʱĸɲǲûֻǻ
ƳûԴҲûǰСУδسеһӡ
ǣȻƳûжļƻҵ뷨ͺгҺõָ㡣ұϾ٣뷨кܶ಻֮
гЦСվͱǫˣʲô뷨˵ҺѾ׼öء
˿飬ǣǻ¸·Ҳһֱ˼ҷ˺ܶ⣬ϰҪ¸ʺߵһ·ǿɽɽˮˮȥũͬ־󲿷ֵũͬ־ǲ߱Լ¸ġ
ĻʶǵԴûȥӴȥʡ¶ûеλ֤ȥʡǶܹҹ
֪һֱʮͶڣҪס֤֮ģҳŻҪ顣
ΪСʱСϴȥʡǣȻ֪ͨĸɲȥˡ˷
Ի¸·ϣһֱũҵΪϷչṤҵ衣һϲģʱͻῼǣδĻڻôչũҵԴôܾ࣬ܲعˡΣֵѧϰҲǵѴҾи뷨νľ֧ǻڲǫ˵һ֦㣬δж˭Ҳ˵塣Խ룬ԽãӦԴһչܹȫΧһľ
ǵû뵽ͬ־ͦԶġ
Զ˵δڲһ˵ء
ھͿʼΪڵδ·ˡ
Ƕ̲סЦˣΪԼ֮ǰ̫򵥶Ц֮ǰţͬ־ǲΪѪԲŻһļƻ
Цԣ뷨ʵҲΪ˻ڵķչ
ͷΪ˻ڣҲΪƳǡҺܵһ죬ǻڵũͬ־Ϊ棬米Щɽˮ󶼳˻ĵء
ΪʱľԣǺͺг벻ôԶũǲףҲû뵽˵
ԶǱнǣˣҲῼ⡣
ǵ˵ԴôϷгļƻ
ЦˣΪǼ֮γһսԹϵǻڸǰںṩĺڲʤ֮һʤĹʵ
˵ţԼİóһƳǵͼֻģ϶ûôϸǰѼλñעˡ
͵ЩѰҳԼʺϵũֲ߸ֳЩԴǻڵĹҵ԰ԴԴϵĵֻҪ֣ǻ𽨹ҵǻڵĻܺãֻҪԴǾͿԽҵͶʣǻҲԼͶʡ
Ǻͺгϸţ˼ҲЩת
ּǣƻ棬һһ󵨵뷨
ָƳǵĳλãƳǳΪƳΡáĻҽƵģλǲġ֮ǰƻ뷨Ҳȷġ֮Ƴǻбƻ𣿡
ˣƳǳҲ뷨
ҲңҾֻһĶֵأЦⲻţҵǻˣƳǲԵõΪβϳһĳأͺʡһʡҲǺüϲһĳǻҵλԽԽȹˡΪһҪչһҪԼҵҪġӦҲˣƳǸ㹤ҵĵλǱȲϻڵġ仨ʱȥҵרĸ裬㹤ҵΣڡδƳͬ־ǻϰ࣬ȥƳѣԼڵãô
Ǻͺг࿴˿˶ûò˵Щ뷨Ǻģ֮ǰ롣
ζţƳǵĹ滮Ҫ޴ĸıˡ
޴ĸı䶼Ҫž޴طյġ
˵ʵڵģҪûһ쵼ǲôġ
Ǹĸɲô뷨ǰҲЩǡƻ̫ˡƳǣҪһѡɲʣϰյ뷨κһڳ⣬ͺѿչȥˡ
ûֱӷԣЦǣȻʵ֣ʵҲֻʱ⡣żȫһһĺȴ϶ɽɽչ֮ٴǸڻһһڵĽȥţֻҪǼ֮乲ͬˣܺȫʵֵġȻѿ϶УҲ٣һĿ˷Ǻĵġ
ǿˣͬ־ʲô¶¶
ܾŵµ˼룬ԲŻȥԸ뷨
䣬֪κεֻһջȥ
Цǣǲ˵ǻڵķչⲻͿԶ𣿵ʱʱ߽ҲƳǳⲻʱ𣿡
ԣʱЦá
֮ǰˣҪһҪһء


408 408
˵ƻǺܶ˵, ΪƳǵ쵼ˣִҲܾһ̸ܹġ
Ҳȷʵ׼ⷽһƳǵķչ
Ƴǵķչʱᶨں֮ĺ, Ҳּɡ
һǸǸǵ뷨ǺõģҲǻҪǰߡĿǰڵʽ֮ףƳǶǻҲǱźܴġͺ˵һ, ڵĹҵδ϶ӰƳǹҵչġ
ĵĶ
ھͬһҳһ, Ȼ֪㣬ǻºӳ
飬Ҳ쵼̸ġҲʱż, ϾƻҪʵʩҲϾܰġ
ҲûԼ仰Ӱľߡ
ֻҪܹһЩúƶ, ͺġ
Ҿͺ˵һΪʱ, ҲżڷȺк, ɼ
ֻ, δи˵
ôһ, ǻ֧, к
ⷽͽгˡ
г֮ǰϾǹũҵ, ҪҲũҵչΪԺ϶Ҫṩֵ֧ġ
гǸϺˣȫ󱲿ġǰ칫, ͺͰ, 㰲ĵĹҪʲôԴֻҪ, ϶ṩƳĿǰûʲôʽǣԴǿϵġ
жˡ¼쵼벻ɼС
һжҲͲˣ쵼ķǵûɶǮ֮ģǿԼȥ衣Ǻڿ϶Ҫũҵֵ֧ġⷽǼͣŵĲҪ϶ǲҪ
֮ǰˮֳɽֳɶҵ˹ϵ
ɺܲһֱ˰Ҫͨ
гͷⷽģڿ϶ǰͷĺϼũҵŴùϵġʲôõƷ֣ǵһʱ
רƳߣʺֲЩƷ֡ؽƸ롣
гһؽƸ룬֮ǰͼ¶Цŵ㰡ҪǮϣܲһԱͬ־󡣡
񣺡˵ǡҷɰɡ
ԼҲȷʵҪˡǮǮͦġ
˼ԷʱԪͬ־˵һ¶
ôǮǮǮأҪáǰˡ˵һĸɲô벻Ǯأ⿴Ԫ飬ָգ۾˼ܵĳӮˡ
Ԫ鱧źţ̧ͷ֮λ޴ǡ㻹ǵΪʲôԵ𣿵һμ棬Ҿͨ㣬У
񣺡
ҽѵѧУˡ
ҼǵõΪ˰֪ӸλС
ЩǹȥˣΪ˹ҵͨѶҵ˾޴ʲţᣬĿǰѾںܶƫԶǮšǰ죬һƵһɽ˰򣬽Сѧ׼ΪǺף졣

֪ܸģԲ˼벻ҵøԪֵ𾴵İҵҡ
еϽתƻ⣬ʵˣΪǼԪѧУˣﰡԺлȥ
Ԫ΢ЦҲ׷֮ǰ⣬ЦںƱݡ˵ǱߺǶé顣
طУطȷʵԣ
δܶԺطֻԽԽƳҪ
ǻƶϹֽǵǱ߽СѧǺܶԺ
Ԫͬ־ôǮСѧӦܹ΢һˡ
ЦŴչȥ׼ҪԪӡ
Ԫһأ۾ףһûӦ۾һĹŮһڣӴǼСԪôСͰôСˡǺúӡ
Ԫ飺
Щʧ䣬ûӦһ£ҲллԪְˡ
Ԫ飺
΢죬ЦԪְְֶˣôԽԽˡ
Ԫ࣬Ůǰע⡣
üͷ΢ðԺϺӺ˯

Ԫ治ɫĶϣҸոյĻ߳ŭûôɡʦ
û׼ȷֵЦˡҲǰԪ鵱ʦˡ
ǻû뵽λﶼ˵Ĳ̫õĹҵҽ鰡
ǻһǮš
ٿѾԽȣԽƽ͵Ԫʵһֱиɻ󣬵λԪİ黳װģݵİ
ǻɻ⡣ֻۼģû
ѾˣʻˡЦЦҲû⡣Ԫڴҵʵҵ
극֮ȥϰˡ
磬ɲԼĸɲһ˸ᡣ֮ǰͬ¶ˡ
˽ĺͬġֻҪʲôˡ
ɲǶʱ¶ϲı
ֻҪͬˣǾͿԺͻչˡ
ΨһźǣѾʮ·ˣʲôˡֻˡ
ɽ߾ͺܻʵǽȰѺķöá
Цŵż֮ǰǻҪ̸̸˫һЩܲһĨڡͺͶͶһҪġɣͷǻһ죬ȥʵؿȻô
ɽװʱȥ
쵼Ҳ롣
ͷУȥ߿֮ߡ
ͬˣ쵼ͼŻȥˡҪһ±湤̣׼
ҲûǣǺͽ־̸˺ǵ̸
ģںƳǺϲһ¶
Ŀɿڴ
ӻ룬һ¶
һᣬôиӡ󡣡
Ҳô밡ҪܴŻġҲָ̫
ͷ֪ҲֻһᡣҲȰǰ¶áҾȥˡȻǶɽҪʣҲͬʱк
ڶ¶ر⻰͵Ҫʹ˾ڣҲȥ
ЦϾͰоɡ
ڶһ磬緹ι̣͸ųˡ
Ҳûˣ骡
ԼȥȻһ··ġ
ͷ֣м·Ȼûޡ·һ·ȥҳɡ
ҪǳŵģҪͷˡ
˿ȣ骼£··ޣû
骵ͷ
˵ʵڵģϰ˻ڵĺ·֮ЩϰЩ·
һ·ò׵˶ɽߣͿˡ
ɽֿ湻ģĶࡣǿϵ淿⣬Ȼ˰̯һЩũƷ
Ǻͻûȡ
ӿ⿪ʼڵĺܺ
ɽ칫һֱţڵĳˣ֪ͨ쵼
ɽ˳Ҳ³˫棬
ɲĿ
λ˵УʮᣬȴвŸɵ
Ҳûǻ࿴˳ˡ
ɽ׼ȥȱţûȥۻץʱ俴ʱ䲻˰Ժлȡ
ҲУͬ־ȻаҲ˱
ֻ˳Լͬһ׼·ܶɽ
Ѹٵĳ˶ɽڵĶɽȥ


409 409
ɽͺɽý, ơҲǶɽÿԸƻڷչ֮·ԭ
ɽЦŽһ·߹ʹׯ
ʵҲرͷչ֮ǰĻڻǲġ
ɽͷ, Ȼ̾
ǰ, 뵱һǶɽĹǣǻǶɽҲȷʵرǲʳԵʱɽкܴáҰĢҰɽ֮ľܹˡǶɽ˿Ҳ࣬ٵض, չҲɺɽ, Ҳûʲô, һӵôĵ, ѹ󰡡
Ȼֿ, ۺ㲻ܱȡӻǾĸ߲, ʶֹ㡭
һĸñӸԴˡ
¶, ԲһסôǻҪĽġĲ˵˵·ûͨ, ˵ô㷢չҲ˵, ҪһͶŹ, صĻҳܹ˸ߡ
ɽ쵼Щˡ
ΪҲ˵ҲͻȻλ, ڹһûʲô顣رǻҸĿʱڣ͸æˡ
Ǻŵ, ·϶, Ƕ, ҲҪޡ
Ҳᵽ˻·֮ıˡ·, ͸оԾһ
ӿһ·뿪˶ɽķΧһˣһӿȥ뿴
ɽֹۣţʱôϣ֪׼ô
֮ԷֹΪĴ˽⡣֮ǰ͹ŶɽȻѾˣǶĹܿػǲԶɽĹܿء
ôͲڶɽ򿼲ء̾
ȻʵҲôǵġԼҲǴģȻ֪
ҪҪչ͵֪ʵ
ӽӻЩѣС·ò׿һյˣ³С
ɽЩûӡͻڱʵ̫ˡ
ͣ·ߡöɽ˾ųӣһ˾ֱߡ
һ·ϿũƷֺͳơ
治УͳԱϰûǮ
ũͬ־ҪǮֻʳʳ˶Ǯ
߼ǮĲ߲ͣļ۸͡
ũ峤󣬶Щ˽⡣
Դӻڷչ֮ѾܾûΪϰƶеĵĸоˡ
ɽȻ ǿţҲЩп
ɽҲͷԣǶɽҲϣܹı
Ҳ˵ֻҪɽһģԸǻڣǾûˡ
ɽ׼ͷأﴫ˳
ʽյʱ﹤ͦࡣһӾΧһȦĿˡ
ɽʱɫźɫ
һۣҲȥզ£
ɽͷ
ˣһֱǰ·
û߹ȥǱѾʼˡ
Щ͹ȥܣΪ̫ݣɲûС
ϽĿ𣿡
һͷȺݣһһǸˣȻơ
˵Ǻãһ£һӶȥˡ
ʲôǸʲôɽȥˣˡ
һϵĺǴɲأ
Ǽ룬Щϣ˵һûҴˣ
Ȼʵ˭
ǶɽںǴɲϹɽһ
ϰնԸɲЩµģһǸ򳤶
ϽȥҴɲ
ҲȥɣɲǹææʲôȻ˵ˣٴҾ͸ɳ绰ˡҴɲ
Ȼ˸ǸȥȵСӺߡ
СЩš
·ͬͬˡ
ʵǴɲƽʱæʲôѽ
֪
Ǹʲô¶û
֪
ոմܣôȥҴɲ
Ҹɲʲô
żش𣬶ɽɫͺڵͬһˡ
ȵ˴ɲڵС칫ҵʱ򣬸ĵˣǶڸʲôȲྐྵӣ
ļɲϽλվˡ
ǶԶɽ쵼ʶģϾεʱǴƬġ
ôˣ֧ܹӭӡ
ôˣҪǲҶ֪ɲôС
ģǺġرˡ
ڻڼЩɲ˼æĽŲմصģٿԼĶɽ
ǰ֪ͨˣȻֳ¶ˡ
ɼɽж
ڱҲûϾǻڣǸˡҲû˵ķݶ
ɽôɲȥܵ顣Ȼʴ֧飬ƽʱڴﶼô飬Ϊʲôûȥһ¡ɲڰ칫ܹܺû
֧͵ضˣȥҲûð
ǰ߼ʱҪȥţڶæҵˣǻȥʲô
ڴܡƽʱҲûٴ򰡣֮䣬һðײˣһֻĹܴ
ֵּ֮ңΪһʵĹͷѪġô˵ίũӶȽϼ֣ͷֺˡ
ɽڰ칫ྐྵӵɣ
Ҫǿģ˽ɡ
°ˡ
ҪڻڣƵˡ
ڿ϶ҲУֻǻû϶ѡ
ɽų˿Ͻ˽Ǳôˡ
֧鿴ɲãϽְ˹ȥѴܵĴйˡ
Ȼȥ칫ҺȲ衣
Ȳ¡Ӳ
һܵĴ͹ˣеš
ǵ棬ɲҲ˴ܵԭʳˡ
һҷţʱûע⣬ţһȥˣ̣һƬׯڡ
һСƬׯҲͷ⡣
⳥ûͿˡ
ɲǵ£ǵʱܣǿ£
ɽʲô˼ֻҪûʱˣ
ҲһѾôӽ¶ǻȥĵطء
ɽҲȥˣԼúýͷдһݼֽ˵ˣ׼ͷɲúýⶼʲôʰ
Ȼͺһˡ
һߣɲҲԹˣҲ̫ùˣôǴˡôӲȥǴӡؼҲûʲôҪ鶼ˡ
һֱϳˣɽɫҲǲá
סԼƢĺͣǸ
⻰ԼҲš
ЩʵǿġԴӲ߼壬Ƿ֮󣬺ܶɲӦʱķչ߼ǻʲô쵼ţͰģͲ׳ڸ湤ˣͺǰһˡ
ɽͷ͵Ϊ쵼ҪáΪҪɽȴϵ£Ҫдĵ

ɽѾˣʱ䣬Ըıܶ⡣ڵ߷չ·ʱ򣬲ŷû꣬ɲǻǱȽϸ̬
ڻɲҲһЩΪģҲǼʱֲûʧڣɽⷽˣڻɲܲܵصɲΪٺõҲ첻ΪϵҪı䣬Ҫܽľͽܻľͻ
ɽɫ̫õӣȻҪϣĶҲܹԤڵķչǻ˴һϣǾͺܵ¶ˡ

Ҳûôˣһӿ˿εû˴ܡǴɲȷʵҲûֵķǵó
һ·ϣҲԼһЩ
ڵܹչȷʵҲǸϺʱˡ
ǻȡ磬ǼӸ쵼ϵԼĹϽԶѰչǻᣬҲí㾢ץסᡣ
ΪȻҲ˽⣬ʵʩʱһЩ
ҪҲȶɽá
ԼԺȥ˱ĵطٵľȶɽľ
εҲǸᣬ۾顣֮ǰ̫˳ˣԺܶʵѡ


410 410
뿪ɽ, ȥ
ɽûһȥ֮ǰ˵ЩЩҡ
Ҫʱ顣
Զɽ, ˵Ҳһµ˾ĵ顣
ûǿϾֻǻڵ쵼, 첻ɽ
ûʲô²˾ĵġһʱû¾ģҲֻΪջ񲻹ѡ
ֱֺٺȥˡ
·, ʵ, ɲôáûʲôԡ
, ԶƶġֻҪкô¶, κ˶лԡǰǻڵЩˣǴ, ء
ڵЩ骵֪ġ
ΪˮҲ˳ȥ
˵ڳȥһ, ѾһЩ˷˲, ϰˣϼߺ˳ȥҵϷǱ߰쳧
ûԸųȥΪ, ˭Ҳⱳȥء
ƶ绰·Ͼϵ쵼ǡ
Ҳ׼ڱ˹ϽķΧ΢˽, ˵ػҪ͵쵼һж
ȻҲ׼ġ
ûֶɽ֮ǰܵ
ǴڵҲ, ǽͨξСִɲڸвǿ
ǰ߼ǻɲÿ춼ϰһ, ڷ, Ӵˡ
Щɲƽʱˡ
οǣиɲҲѧϰߵ¸, Ŵ㷢չ, Ϊû·, Ҳû˴Ч
ôЩϵ»ҪԼһ¡
ȻŬѰչĸɲĻᡣ
ڻӵģҪе
֮ǰԶɽĻҲ쵼һ顣
Ͷɽһ쵼ִı䶯Ҳųɡ
ÿͻһϵ¶Žᡣ
ԣı䶯źܶҪܶҪȥС
쵼ҲҪؿǡ
Ҷû˵κθıǰҪҪʱǡ
ߵʱһ£ĿǰҲûǸÿһԻѡϵ
⵹ŻǻȴҲô
Ҵο棬Ҳ˺ܶ⣬Զ˫û֮ǰôɡ
Ȼ֮ǰҪءȺһԣһЩ֮ٺк
ǵӴ󣬵ں¶ûҪðգȻҲҵȥðգûܵʧ
ⷬǸ쵼⡣
뿪֮Щ쵼ǶԻذ칫顣
رǶɽ쵼磬ͰＸ쵼֪ͨᣬϷ˺ôһͨƢ
ȥˡ
ָЩɲǣǰ֪ͨҪȥˣ˸ź찡һʼûšӶÿ㡣ΪҾ͹˵ȥǲǣ
쵼˴𣬶˵
һĵͷ
˵ˣΪ˵ˣˣѹɼΪЩӱܡ
ȥڵĸɲȥ˼ǻ㡣Խ˵ԽԼһ衣
뾳ѾʱڣȴǾĻš
췢ôһͨ𣬲ֻΪ֮ǰǰ˵¶
Ϊ˶ɽδ
ǷܵѹɽѾܶˣԽԽѡ
죬ԼͷǰѻȻˡǻû¶ġһϣû˯ţŶɽδ
ʧȥһᣬɽҪٵһꡣ
һжı仯˭֪أ
ûмĺҲͿĹȥǼҸٿԼµϰΪһôײ˾ܴܵʱʵûȥˡ
ͺǰкӣȴܴϰȥһ
һû˯ڶһ磬ʹһŨ裬ȥ
ȥѧϰǰȥġɽ
ΪصģԶԶɽƿȲǿƿǿĻȥľˡ
ͽġ
ѻϸ˵һ顣
ͬ־벻ڶ̶̵귢չ仯벻Ǿ˻һЩڲеԶԶ˦˺档
ǽҽǵĹҵչũҵչߵ̫Զˡ
ͨ˼ҵ룬ֻҪúһ붼ȳ﹤˸ߡǻû﹤˴˵ʲô
ͨ··Щ˳жгġ
Ǯ˵ٹ꣬ǲ໹ܶ󣿡
ʮ꣬ҲҲ¶ʱֻΪǴģԹܿزǿ
ЩҲʮְգǶɽ˵
ǻǲŽ᣿ҪѶҵ˼ڶԶɽϰϣ縻ԣˡ
⻰дţˡ
ƽЩ˼ǣҪ㵱ңܸĺͻã
䲻磬ҲԶ
УȻ˵⻰ҾһΡθɲȫȨ֧㡣һѶɽ
ԣЦˣ˵飬뵽ˣ
ʮΪǣ㻹ƽЩҪµˣǵû˵⻰Լɡڴ󷽿Űɡ˵ˣ⳪ϷǵҪͺ𣿡
һ䲻Ҫ
ϻǵУҲµˡ
ȻˣҲлԼΪǵϡ
Ժҹܾ÷չͻñӣ˫ͱˡչôʲôֵģ˵˵ǣ
Լȥһˣ۽綼ˡ
Ц˵ĺҪһ
ȥˡ
죬·֮ǰͻں¶Ϩȥӣɽ͸ˡ
ǰѻץ˼͡Ѹλϻˡ
Ȼ˼ǿɲҪ
ֱˣܸɵľ͸ɣܸɾڳλõ˵
ȫɲһˡ鲻ĿѧѧĿеĸɲõóһľóġ
ҪɶûеģǾ͵ڵĵڣȥĳȥ
¶ɽˡ
ϾЩɲ֮䶼Щϵģϼ¼֮ģ֮ġһˡ
Ҫ˵
֪˵ֱͨȥֹ
̾Ƕɽ귢չܲãܴҪٲĸ㷢չ˵ˣλҪȥҲûãҲǹñӵġ

ڻڣҲ˵һЩϢˡ
Ϊҹϵҵڵĸɲˡ
ڵĸɲɲ¶ڸɲ¶Ѿȷˣ˶Ժܶ콱أʮԼĸλһ㶼¶ˡ
ʵɽζô󣿡
ͦģ˵Щֱӿʼʡ飬Ҳѧǣֱڴһ䣬ѴĸɲǸһϵһЩɲҲˡ
û뵽ɽô
Ӷɽλ쵼һҪ¶ȷʵӦҲеġ
֮ǰûɼҪȱ۹⡣
˻ڹעɽ֮⣬ٺҲڹע
֪ɽǱֱӸô󶯾ڿš
뿴ֳʲô
ãܴһȷʵʼҵҵĹˡǻһСЩӰ죬ˡ
֪ͨϰգҪֳ¶Ⱥϰսһƹ㣬ϰ˽⡣Щ˾͹⽲Ĳ岻ģϰղ˽¶Чܲá
ں̸ʱҲһ¡
˼ǣףǶɽģһЩҪչҲסϣҪ̫ߡ
û㡣עȫЩˡ
Ӧ˽Լְ𡣡
Լǻڹ縱糤ʱ򣬶ԸǺ糤ķӴ
ȻĸɲϣǾͲ ֱϰվСȥǣ׼ֳҼһֻҪͶǮͿԵϰǮˡ
֮ǰÿѡιһ¡
Ͼɲ˵ٺãǶȲԼʵʵڿġ
Ͳǿ˵ġ
ȶˣǾͻͶʡ
ʱɲҪϰҲͬˡǻǲúøɣﲻϰҪϰҲԼѡµĸɲ
ģĽȻҲãǱáҪҳбҵ㹤ҲǺõġҪЩҲҪ顣ְֵĴҪȷ졣ҵʱǻÿһͬ־һһ·ָ
ϲģ
Ȼġܹᶨĸ㷢չҲǰ׸ɡһκᣬǻϣǺͶɽȻǺˣԺҲֵܵλȻҪ
ŵʱɶˡ
ҲĶˡ
ְֵḶ̌ǲˡ
ãҲġǶɽȻô죬϶Ҫúø㷢չġһúǡ


411 411
˫̸, ɽжˡÿѡͿɵ˳ȥϼϡʱһȥȥڲιۡرһٷ
Ȼ˲ȱԵ, ܳȥһȦһٷ, û˲ġ
Ա¹ɲôҲĺ˳
߾͸ˡֻҪ̸̸Լ뷨Ͱ, ֻҪ˵óģǻ϶ֵ֧ġ
һ֪ͨȥ, Ϳʼ׼ˡ׼Ӵڻڸɲ˵С¶Ҹܰϼˡ, Եĺúõġ
ҪŵҪ֮ǰŵ, ÿӳһɲ, ȥɽְֵİæ
ҪĻĸɲ
ΪҲǶԻڸɲһζĻᡣ
֮ǰڵķչ, ںܶ෽涼з, 㹤ȽϺ
Ҳоڵĸɲʵûʲô
иᡣ
δҪչԸɲҪҲߡرڻڶԻɲҪߣ͸Ҫˡ
ΰһЩ, ĸɲȥɽ֧Ԯδǻص, еҪĵ, Ҳ㹻ľ顣
ѡ˾Ҫʱ, Ҫѡ, Ըȥ
Ͼȥ˶ɽʱ϶ҪǱסһӡǱߵ϶ǲá
ûԸȥ, , ˻ͦġ
Ҳȥ˽, ˵֮ŪԭȻ㱨
Ҫǵĸɲˣ͸ɲҹ󲿷ҲҪɼҪһЩѶȵĹڻڸ嶼ڰͰĹûٳĻᡣ֪ɽ;ûѵá
һҲο
õĸͿƶȣڻڵĸɲȺ𵽳ˡ
⻹ǸտʼʵУԺ󿼺ƶԽԽˣڵĸɲҲԽԽߡ
û׼һ죬ᵽָʹĸо
ɽǱϵûУʲôʱ
ʹˣ˵ǱߵѾԽӺˣһ͹ΪʱԭгҪǸǰźɽͻڡ
ͷ¶ǶԽӺáεԶɽһܹؼǺҪġ
ɽ˱żϵγɰ֮жˡ
Щɽѡϰڴ󿨳棬һ̸εİš
˵ȥѧϰιۡ˵ѧʲô
֪˵˹ͦԣġ
ɽҲúãżҵСӾͼ޵ɽģ˵Ŀɺˡ˵Ǵţ
֪Ķ˵ǼҼһȱԡ·ӡ˼ҳ˶ࡣ
ţɡ
ЩȻǶɽģǺͺɽĲýΪƽʱϲ뿪ӣԶչ˽⡣
żҲһЩ˼ҴϢҲֻᵱţ
Ϊ˵ܡũզܹôõء
ʵҪ˵ҲûŬҲѧ˼һֹˡǼأֵĲá
ǵĸɲûнʲôˣҲ֪רҵֲ˵ļ֪ҪôֲŻࡣ
ϴҲûרŵղˣȻǱо飬ҲһЩˣȻû¸
ͺ˵һȥӱȽϻӱȽϴũͬ־󲿷ֵũͬ־Ϳ֮⣬ûԼ¸
żһ㳢ԣûܳɹͻϷ
Ͼ̫ʧܵĳɱǳе
Ӻܿ쵽˺ɽ
Ϊ˻ͦ࣬ˣΪ˲̫𵱵˹㣬Ծͷֳ˼СӣȥͬĴѧϰ
ȣɽЩ˲ûʲôѧġȥ˼Ҵʱ򣬿޺ˮ·ȵĲˡ
ǳ٣Ҳһ·
Ǵģϵ·ˮ·ͨģҲ˵˼ҴϣҲһࡣ
˴ӵʱˡ
һŵĺש߷ˡ
Щ˼ڽӡ
ʵϺɽȷʵԣȴ˵еĻҪԣһЩ
رһЩͥ˿ڶģֳһ͹ǸǷˡ
ÿ»϶г󡣼ϻͶʡһ˼˫롣
֮󣬻ûüۺ·ӣǵ۾ֱЩֳˡ
ι۵ģҼһҲġһͷǱرġ⻹Ҫ㼦Ѽûģû
Ϊԭļ࣬һмֻͲˡ
ɽӵ˼񼦵
Щȵʱ򣬴ɲҲӭˡ
Ϳĺʹӵĸɲ֣ʾǵһӭɽֵܹǷǳӭġ˵ԺҪһԺֵܵλˡ
жɽϰմʵʲô
ǲ֪𣿾ԺǶɽҲҪһֳṩְֵḶ̌һֳԺһ׬Ǯͺ
⻰һ±ơ
Щ˵ˣ֮ǰǴţ˵һûȥԼﲻǶҲûơ
ɽߵֳͲˣô˲ƣ߼ҼһأԼĲһ
кɽֳҲ˵ˣţԼ㲻һ˼мɽˡְֵḶ̌ѡӡҽǿˣгӼաһĶ١
˵Լ¶ɽ˽ˣ̧ͷͦأʮ㡣
ɽЩһĸԺԭ֮ǰġǱ߸ɲôû
Щֹˣ˾˵ԼﵹǻûüͰˡ
Щֱӿʼˣ˵Ǵˣǰļһ飬Ȼʲôû͡Ƕû
Ҫ֪ȥˡ
ǿ˼Ӽ񼦵͹ˡ
ɽĸɲЩ𼱣ȻŹѧϰˣ϶ǺаŵġҾͶúѧǺɽ۱ͬ־鷳
ȻЦźͺɽĸɲԼֳ鷳ˡ
ûû£Ժ϶ҪġɲЦ
ĿǰڵĸɲȻ֪ھʲôôΪӢߴ÷չǶľ߶ʮεġ֪϶Ϊϰպõġ
Զкô¶ҲּɡҲⷢչ˺ȡ
棬һּι۶ֳ
ɲ𽲽ֳһЩ
ѡ磬ֳۣдＯ
ɽϰմС಻డ
밡Ҳã࣬˾һʮɡ
ֻ㱣ˣΪھ÷չԵʣӪλĹ˹Ҳˣ֮ǰ˾ʮҲʼˣ෭˸ʮҲֻһͨһµĹˡ
ǶڿֵĶɽ˵ʮֱ붼ĸ롣
һ㵣š
ôôأ
ôأɽɲʵȻȥι۴ֳ
ֳΧرˡƷҲࡣ
ûǴֳǴ˶ͶǮģ׶зֺġټҼһԼֳ˫ݹʣôûˣˣ⻹ȥعϰģ˼һ¼ӼӰ࣬鹤ء
ְ˸ŵˡ
ɽϰմӹĸɲҲǾ̾ġ
ǻŵӣɽĸɲЩˣҪţҸȥ
ȥˡ
˼𰸸š
һʮ˭˵ģҹͲֹˡ

Сںɽĸѧϰʱ򣬻϶ͬ
Щֱ۱·һЩļſڵʱ˼ҼſڹŸ˿̲סʿˮ
뿪ɽʱ򣬴֪ԭũӻܹð


412 412
˵ɽڷչ, ڸԣˡ͸ģϼﶼг
һڵĴӲֹ·ﻹһЩʩ
Ϊ縻ԣһ, ǾȺɽҪáŴҲųͬ־£
ӵԲġ
Ϊǻһ¸Ĵӣ˼Ҳǰˡ
¸лԺԡ
һʼ¸·ԼҡЩȥϷ򹤵˴µϢ
ǲֹڵͶʰ쳧ͶǮذ쳧
ǲֹˮֳ, ִˡ˵ɽɽֳ, ѧֳ, ڼֳ
ṩļԼ, ûк֮ǡֻҪͿɣϺúù׬Ǯ¡
ЩǰԿ߹ũͬ־, ȱľͿɵľ, ԻϼҼһֳ˭ҲԸ
͵£˸ԣʮֿ١
¸ĳ̶ÿ귭
ӸǺשʱ򣬻߶ʼǶСˡЩҵõˮ, ǽˢˮࡣ
ڰʮǺټġ
붫ɽЩϰ֮󣬾⴫˵еĻ, ĻҪԣ
ֱˡ
Ϊ˼ҾǱǶѡʵ˼ǵˡ
ԭǰЩȥġСϴӹ֪ŹѧϰģĹ
Ÿˡ
ڴ˼ȫ硣óȪ, ԺúȺã˵һ, Ͻ¸, ǰǻ, , Ҳ⼸¶
ǶɽӰѾء
ߵʱָЩκĶɽһһ㣬İ˸ˡ
һߣСϴĴۿˡ
Ҫǻ֪㷢չǾǸˡ׬Ǯᡣ
NɪˣҪǵţ᣿

һߣɽĴϳһҲѹˡ
Ȼ󿨳涼ַ׷׵ˡ
Ǹ̸Žţһ龪š
ôȫſڣҲ±ӳˡö⣬˵ǹֵĳԲꡣ
кܶ㡣
óԼŵ㡣˵ҲǳԲġ
ʲôҶˣǱߣʮ˶ͶʷǮڴ϶Ǯ׬ﻹ˹¹չС飬ЩܶĹ¹չǡֵǮ͸Щá
˵ǶҪѧѧϰɼõĻн
ұĲĽҾĽǷӡԹԣжС¥ء
˼ȥҽԺвҪУȥҽԺȥˡ
˵Ƴǵģôô󰡣
֪˵߸ɲú㷢չζ¶ˣЩɲû˵
Ӷˡ
Ҫɶ֪Ҳˡۿ˼ҷչ̵֮ĺӣǾͲ˵Լˡ
κֹ¸ˣǵĵˡ
ڶɽſ˳ɲǾǻȥʹ˵˵ѧĶô֪硣
һɢǾͼҴҵĻظԴȥˡ
һȥ˳ĺ·˽濴¶
գ˶ࡣ
ѧϰĴôһЩ˾ʹֵΧһЩ
ԽԽͶ룬Ļ˲ˣһԲ۾š
𣬹ôã
׬ôǮȳ﹤˻ԣ
ϰˣũæǵﶼæ𣿡
ô࣬Ե𣿡
ٵõ֮˵һϢ֮ǰôɲģҪͻں¸¶Ǹɲǲãûˡ
˼һ˶˵ˣֻҪܹϺһӡ˵Щɲʲô
Щۡ
һӣˡòܹϺˣ𰡡
ˣϴϴֽţʹЬһȥҴɲȥ
֮ǰɲģģϢͿ֪ͨβһˣǺ޲һһֵ
һҲϺʵֵˣҲܾ¸ջܹƾԼϸԣջ̫ˡ
ҪǸɲ˲ˣһɲģôأ㲻ôĸɲ˼һڵĸɲҪãȥˡҪûѡ١Ҹɲȥ
ڶ죬һЩϺȥ״ˡ˵ɲúøɻ
ǰţ˭Ҳ˭鷳ڴʶɲҪˡɲǺúõĽЩ¸ĶǾ֪ô͵Ҿ¸ˡ
ôأȻǻ
쵼һȺ˲飬˲Ͳ죡
ɽλᣬ˼²Ļɲʼλˡ
ôһ⣬ɽ쵼Ҳ̵ᵽĵҪ
ɽڰ칫˸̣Ȼҡͷ
⻨ǳô⣬ҲıǶɽϰյ˼ˡԺҪ˰Ĳã˼ٵġҲ֪Ǻûǲá
ǵɲľϣһ֡
ǴӴԺ󣬶ɽȶֻɲɵĺòˡ
ߵһɽҲû·ֻһǰˡ
ҲڸڵЩ֧Ԯɽĸɲ
ǵ֮ǰְֵĽ̶ɽϰ¸
Ǽġ񻹵úúõĸһ
ǶǻĻɲδǻڽ軹Ҫǡǵ̨Բֹڵĳ壬ǵֻ̨һֱ󡣡
ЩɲۼĿ
λʮѵãҪúϧȫԸҪòԼְھͲɡҪ۹⿴ԶַŴ㡣ûġ
Ҫϰ˵˽ǵѡǻɲְ𲻾ЩǸɵĺòãϰ˵㣡ҵǿ飬ȻǼӵӡ
⻰˵Щ˼֡
ﶼżӵӡ
ɽ˵ڶһͳˣɽͦⰲ˳ӹӵġ
ǴϺ컨¸ȷ뿪
ĸɲͷһξַʱ̣ĺ棬Щ緢ĸо
ɽ¸·ǰڻ׼ֳΪ
ΪɽϾǻڣ𲽽׶ΣǱΪֳϾǻϤĲҵɽҲȽϺʡֳɹȻµĿ
ⷽȫûѶˡ
гļ;飬ȫû⡣ֻҪˡ
֮ǰصĸɲˣλڵĸɲȥŴڴ￪ᡣϸϸٴһ顣
Ϊ˻ǱߵǰɽϰսǺá
ԸͶǮЩ˲εģҲͶˮ
˵ˣԺÿ궼ԼͶʡ
ɽҲżͺͻڴڵľһһ겻ܼȰŴԼܵĳ̶ˮɼˣȻȻĻͶʡ
ҲǸɽĻɲһɳʱ䡣ҪһڳԸӡ
껨Ҳô߹ġ
ڣҪɲôˣԼȸɲǻ
ڻڰŵЩɲְִ£ɽ򣬸壬չ˺ҵֳͶʻ
ںͶɽһ¸С顣
ɽ鳤θ鳤ɽ򳤵СԱڶɽͶʱСԱ˸ᣬͬƶÿ¸롣
æ˴£ų׶
ȥһˣ
ȥͲһˡ嶼˺д˱
¸չվˡ
ɲÿÿĸղ飬Ǽǡæת
ΣӶˣЦ㿴ǽǺܴġ
Цģֻ֮ǰȱ˷򡣡
пҲ֪Ҫãܹõ
żֻҪĿ죬ǰͶ׼ˣֳ죬׳Чġ
ʱ㣬㿴


413 413
æµĹ, ʱ͹ر졣
ĹҲʼβˣûƵĳźͿˣøſʼܽᣬԼҲʼܽԼһĹ
ԪҲæ, ʡҲ˿, ԪԼ˵, ʡǽ˴ƬĳһԼ쳧һҲһҵͶʡ׵ʱߵķֹ˾ҲǳæµҪշϷǱܳᣬҪɱܹ˾ᡣ
ææ, ͰһҪ¶ˡ
СԪĵһ찡Ȼ˹ŮĹů⡣
Լû, ϸġû
ǺԪֹ˾ھʾ, θԱů
˱ůǺð, ÿ˼ޱһ, һ档һٷһˮů
൱ˡ
˵, ԪĸںҲһָܼ
ΪⷽĹˣȴҪĹŮˡ
һ, ӺʡǸϻˡ
ʱҲڼﶺŪűӵСԪ
ĺСԪᵽ˻ڡ࡯
ûܵĹů, ϷůһӾͿʼ·, ʮ·, ľͺСһˡ
Ϊɽ׼Ĳ, Ҳû֮ǰôæ, ٵʱ򣬿ԸԼҹŮ͵ů
°ͱźЦĺԺܽԪˣӡ
Ԫĵĺ̸ӹ⡣ɫ࣬·ʲôҪҵ
˿ԼŮû¶ôࡣŴţûô䡣˵ˣʵҲҪģСԺӦͲ
Ԫͦգ֪Ǿ߽ů
бۿԪܣ⳧ҿɲӦȾءǻҪߵǿɳչ·̬ƽ⡣ĿǰǻھͿԷˡ
Ԫ飺
˵ˣܲԺҴһضһطҼԪҲִĺӣĶá
ȻӣҲɺĻ䡣̫ϸ˿ɲСϣԼĺӽܹӣҲܾˤ
ԪûۡҲ֪˵ǶԵġǾúС
ôСĺӣĿɿɰԲĴ۾ĸסط˰Ľᾧ
⿴ͰĲˡ
ǹη꣬
סۺӵ뷨ԪʵˣǲȥɡӻС
ȥ컹ְ˵ˣ͵ˡȻǷ١ҽǻҲ̫æһ˺úùꡣ
⻰ԪЦ
һ˵һιһԲꡣһµᡣ
ȻѾϼ˵ˣ׼绰ٺͼ˵˵
ûȥǱߵ绰ǴˡĺӳˣǸк
˲ѣҼԪڵˡ
ԪڱҲͿϲӣҲ¶һ޳ݵЦݡԼ֡ΪĶֻ࣬Ǻϲ£
Ԫ鿴ˡûš
Ԫûôˣָ˵ĺҺӵ¶
ʳ˭׼ôء
׼ڼ켸˹ԾơҲ㡣˵ԪԪίˣ¾ƶ졣
񣺡֮ǰǻˮϯˮ𣿹ųˡ
ǲһġ̾ǿϧϾĶӶԱȡǻҪ졣
æ죬϶졣
Ȼ˵˲ȥ꣬ͷȥ¶
ɶﰡɶСڵˣǮӡ
֪ˣ̡
ֺԪˣԪأԪء
ƶ绰øԪԪ֨
Ԫ̵ӵ绰ﴫԲ۾Ȼ绰СչȥҲ֪ûУЦġ
һЦûûεġ
̾ͱжˡ˵ڶЦ
ֿʼˡ
Ҳ̣ôӱ棬ҵĺǳ°ģǻּˣûӴʵǱ߳ģûôӴˡҶĺҲǳ°ġֻԪų죬̾ͿʼˡȻֻһ£ǽӴȽ϶ˡȻԪ
˵ҴպõˣԪһЩͷЬһЩްǽޣů͡Ǹʲô޷Ҫá˵ĳˣͷǵաԪҲѥõʱǵôӳ󡣴ů;ˡ
̵ڶůġ
ϵľ㵥ȴʵʵڵһˡ
˼죬̼ĹͱյˣʽÿĲˡԪͻװˡ
ŻͷЬŻͷñѵһСϻ
۷Ź⣬治ģôôÿ
ԪҲúÿǻЩɻ󣬡´ǲǿԸӵģŮӴϻ᲻ᱻΪкӣҵĿɰƯСɲܱϳк
ͲˣϻҲϻŮϻ𣿡
ŮϻԪ龲Ĭֻĸϻ
񣺡ȻԪתݣƽʱĲúѧͺˡĸϻ档
ѩԽԽ
ûʱͽ˺ı
ҪĹ⣬׵ʱȥӹ߷á겻õϰչˣĸֳԼҵ˳⣬Լ⡣
Ҳ˷ĸ㱨ֻ骸Ŵ˻ˣҪʸʣҪ˸ˣѾᡣһҪʧٵСκ˰Ҵš
ºԹʡ
֪ͨڻڵĸɲ˵Ѳء
һô˵ļƣôﶼһѽһһ㶼Һ
رǻɲǣ껹Ҫࡣÿڵĸɻ
Ҳûǣů൱ķ񡣼֮ǰŵ׽Ҳһˡ
Ǯ治٣õĶеһĹˡ൱ڹʷ
ôһǮֱӷͺÿ·ʵĸоͬˡоڱһ
־Щӵֵõġ
ôһɸɾ
ڻææµµʱ򣬺ʡ쵼ҲΪһæµæŸ㱨˿Ȼ顣
ƳȻСҲ˻顣
Ƴǣóݻ൱ÿġ
̸رãΪ֮ǰһسǣһؼУ൱ˡ
л㱨һЩڻĹ͸ʡ쵼Ǹˣ˱ɰֵЦ
ҲԼ֪ͣ¶һ¶˵ⶼֵ˸ɵĺãرǻڵͬ־Ŭܾõͬ־Ϊ
ʡ쵼Իڻӡ󣬾ʵǸùǵʡﻹǮģϣͬ־ŬˣҲһȥ
ּˣ֤һȥá
ⳡ棬쵼ٶ˵Ϊľ÷չЩ⡣ûдﵽеЧ֮Ƴǻã׻飬ƳǵССĳ˸ͷ
һһ극
ʡ쵼˼˼ĺǿ˸˿ӡһھƾϯˡɲྴƽ
ǵҲ٣˵Ŀ׻
˭ʡ쵼أ
ǣϲ㰡ƳǷչáƵǱݳǵǡ
ͺܴˣҲҪݵˡڱ߳ǹܶꡣҲǴʡǵȥģǺһֱûһֱ˺ܶꡣһֱǵλϡ
߳ҲԣǶͦһϧĸоͦ߳ǵġΪ߳ǱƳǻ
ǣһǣݵģһ·Ҫ©ӡ
Цźʡ쵼ǷչãҲȡȡʶһ·չõƳǡôȥʱһ𣿡
Ǻȵеκģȥ˳·
ǵû£ȥͷƻ
Ǽʹ˻ôģ͵Уû⣡
ֺ˱˿ʼĵᡣ


414 414
극ȥϰ, ξ֪ͨҪ鹤֪ͨ
ôͱݵһ𡣡벻ͨλôһˡ
ûʲôõĵģڵĹѾˣҲûʲô쵼֪ġ
, 粻æͬ־һӭӵĳ档æ֪ͨøɶɶ
ε, ҪǷû, ô죿
ô, Һվǰ浲ءˡ
Σ
ൽʱ, ͺӭˡ
Ȼ˵ǶǺܽų, ڻҪעһµġҪһ, ñݵͬ־Ƴǡ
߸վûһСǵĳӾˡ
⻹ֱӴӺʡǹġ
̣ǻеСġϾǴſһģҪһųû, Ҳͦûӵġ
Цŵһ³
ͽҲ߹, һ·ˡ
ǹĵͷ, Ȼ߹ǵ, Ƴǻİˡ㿴ɻУ
Цŵ, ܾ񡣡棬⡣
, ֶǵ, λǱе, ǻǲι۵ģǿҪýӴ
ͽǶЦ, Ǻ쵼, Աǵĵ˻ӭ֮顣
Ҳ֡
ǻ⿴ۡ
˵ͬ־Ǿ߲
ǽ, ǰ߽ġѧУʱѧϯһҵû˼˵ƳУҵĴѧˡ
ЦΪ
ǫҪǰǻ۾顣
һѣǾȥϢ
ǰ֣Ǹӣι۾ȲιˣˣһҪȥֹǱݲƳǣءϰչ⡣
̾УǾȲιۡȻ󿴽Ǻ񣬡Ȱǲι۰ɡôŵġ
ͽ̸õģǱϾʹˣеϺȡȵĹȻˡ
ҽһˣҲûҪȥЩ쵼׽
ЦҾԸµˣ͵򵼡
ͦ⣬Ҳϲͨ
һϳĿǳ뿪ȻŻӻ֣ɢˡ
ϣ̸ֺҼǵ߽ѧǶˣôͬ־߲Ƴˣ
ҵʱ뵽ƳԸλãҲԸңҾˡ
ǾͶǵƳǼ˸ˡ
⻰ǳϵģҲЦŵͷƳȷʵá
ΪʲôҪ㣬ͦãͲԿࣿ
۵ɲû׼̹ӡ׶ֻҪһ˼Ϊ˹Ҳжҵӻﻹϣܹ߻㡣
һ̾Ҫɲ˼Ǻγչ
Цͬ־أıҵͬѧб֮־
ǻǺǸпϣԺǱҲ˲š
ԺеģеġΪݸһӵͬ־ݺγչ
ǾͰ̾ģһڲе뷨
Щ棬Ҳû˵ɶϾλ쵼
˵ȥιۣʵ߻㿴ߵķչ״̬
عҵũ彨衣
ΪûϸµĿ죬ֻǿԼغˮȼҲͻһʱѡ
¹ǿЩطĻ裬Լũͬ־סǶһĽ
ûԼĽһ߿һ߸пڷչã˵ǱҲ֪һܷչ
Ǳ
Ƿȥһ仰
Ǻ涼֪ôˡ
˭֪
ڻʳóԵģΪǶ죬ԳԵĻ
ڻƷȫҲöȫˣܸϯˡ
ǳԵģ߳ԻߺȾƣȶ˵㣬˵Լȥݵӡ
ȥʱҲʮ꣬˵ʮˡҼǵɡǻǺԸ֧Ԯũ㽨ҾͱˡǻǶԸȥġȥʱɲءŸɼͻؼңһۣôˡ
ʵôأ
᲻ðȥ˾֪ˣ̫ˡտʼĻǺƶ٣ٵġǺɽǸɽʲôɽŽɽ˴ɽ֪ô˷вͨǱݾռ˸÷չĵض
Ǻ±ӣλãǾû취ˡ
ǰҾͲ䡣ĺɽˮҾ뷢չҡûͰ˵ų̾һ仰λϸɲᡣ
ڱϰţ⻰Ҳû졣
ԱҲǺ˽⣬ϾһҲͶʮ꣬һֱѧϰûȥݡ
ΪҪϼҷƶԵ˵ƵķƶĿݺǷƶĿеһһֱûɹ
Ҳ˵ǱߵκܲãλҲá
ΪʡıԵش޷õʡȫ֧֣ϵشõʱʵ̫ˡ
ΪݺƳһǸɲûץסᣬڿλΪݸһӵǣ־ò˼顣
һλȫȫ⸶ѧϰǣôûǱߴء
ϧȻˣҲûʲô˵˵ǱΪʲôǲ˵
Ƕ䶼ˣûģɴĺȾơ
㷹ǾҪ˳ǡǾߣ߶ֻһЩ࿴
Ǿʣ˼ߣЩˡ
Լ˾ƣ͵ô㻹͵ʦɣ߿
ǣʼΪһλԸõͬ־û뵽˾֮ͳˡ
аþãûȻǻھдǣҪ꣬Ҳ׼һ극
˵ЩЦҲӲסˡ
汣֤һýӴ
ϣǾˣƳǡǸǰס
רŽӴɲдʮַ㡣
æ֮ؼҶþˡСԪڼʵҪ衣
һ£ϴϴ·ŹȥӣӴˡ
ԪʵҪˣôæ
һ¹Ůûôæģɲιۼ飬˱еǹҲýӴ
ݣԪ鵹ˣ֮ǰΪԪѧУĵط
԰ˡҲ磬˵Ǻͱиʲô¶š
ɳϵǱãͦġǱǮҲ˵СæˡֻҪˣܹеõġ
ԪЦҡͷмҿû˵ǾѧУǽˣȥ˲û࣬һѧУʮˡԪ˵ѧѣûȥңѧУˣʦҲ롣Ǳ̫ˡ
񣺡
ͻȻ֣ͱݱƳǼֱǸ֮ءδԼ컨¸մմϲŷӦƶҵصԶҪһʼȥ˱ݣֻ»żĳͷ
ӦһСԪ־;סͷӴһ֣ͷҪû
СԪϽɿˣԲĴ۾衣
񣺡Ȼѡԭˡ


415 415
ڶǾû˴, Լȥ߿
ǲģΰһͬ־ţɶ¶Ҳ㰲 , ֽ˳
˵ʵڵ, ôȥ, ҲҪʧΪݵƶֻǵλ , ػǺܶġ
ҪȻһΪ˱ݸʮѪ, û뵽չֲҵݷչ
ݵĶɽ, Ҳʺ, ûûԣ
ܺʱйأǸ඼ܻءڵĻǺãʵʩŻô˳
ȻҲˮҪȥҲвͬ뷨Ҳ˵߶˵ܵ¶, аأ
ʵǲûôȥעϰչô, ֪﷢չò, 㿴ܿˡûҪȥÿ˹ô 
Ϊһ㹤ĸɲ, Ҳ֪ÿϰղͬġϰչú , һҲúáֻһϰգʲ
ϼ쵼һչò, ҲȥĳϰյҪȥݡ
ڵʮֺÿġ֮, ķչ״ҲǺܺõġ
ĵ, ǻڵĸɲ˵, 
¼, ڻڻǺܳġ
統, ϺìܣҲǱϵϰҲ˵ 
ڱ쵼ֵ֧£ȻԼĹ辶߳һӴӰΧķչ·ɹڻڵ춨Լĵλ 
ǿƵĹ磬ĸɲֻҪһûһηġҲ
磬ӣ ҵһ·;
ԼҪʮָºС飬ҲԹʡĳŮ±żҼұˣ浽ǰ Թʣ׷Σڼ̵ʱڣΪŮֻ˹
󵨵ķչ롣֮ĶԼзչ߳Բͬĵ·Ȼʮִ󵨵ȥʡǵ·Լ
Щ¶һֱ ֮Ӽᶨĳ
ҪɲȥݡȻҲǿϣĸԸȥ
ҲģϾĸͬ־Ҫ㽨裬ϣϰչϺӡ
ܹ׶Ͳݿࡣ
Ǿˡ
˿ȻЦŵǻڵĽӴûλ 
º͵ЦЦúܺãҲջĶࡣͬ־ǻڷչ൱ҿŶˡ 
ⶼһģͬܶĽ
ǰڵĸɲȷʵͷá⼸һŶææأѩģҲû
ЦŵͷԽԽҪʧϰǣͶʽ裬Ҳϰʧ
ЦŵǰҿŻڵϰҲϣҲĽġǱݵĹˡ˵ǣҲͦԲݵġ
˵̾˿
Ϊݸ˼ʮѪ˶֪ĺá
Ǽʮ궼ˡ࣬ҲǿࡣǻûĻǻ˵ԽԽ𣿡
ʮǰαݣǻǸ£ܶķʽǸŴһŬ㽨裬ũأˮӣӸɻ 
żģȱ취ϰӡò׻ˣʮꡣʮˣҲˡ
˵˼Ҳγˡ
ݵũ岻ƳýݵĴһɽһɽø㣬ø㡣ҲǺٺ罻ͣڹȥûԣûǿҵȥ¸뷨ѾϰɽԸ߳ɽ
ֻһ档
һ棬Ǳݵĸɲǵ˼ҲЩɽסˡ
ûи÷չĸɲǣԴɽηǷ·Խѿ¸·ϰ᲻ߵ·ʯԸĸߣܶ˻Ųȷ뷨Ҷ
ûа취ϰ¸
ϸɲ֪õʱҪչҪδռһϯ֮أʱõʱܵıضǻռиԴġ
Ѿˣݵܶʱ Ҳоķչûˣȱ˵ñٵľ
⼸ʱţˣδݵˣܴܲݸԣ뵽Լûиһ̯ӣȥԱҪ Ҿţ֮ǰܸݴٷչ͸ٷչҪû
һΪϸɲ岻ѡ
һʮĸҲǺġһмʮʱ 
൱ǷܶһˡѹλǶҪˣŲ±ĳС
Ҳúλ˵δڷɵʱ򣬱ȻǳƶȫҲŵϺŵġ
Ҳ֪λʱʲô뷨
ǣҲݵģǻıݣϰǻϰաǵġ
ҲǼٻȷʵصֱƶ
ֻΪѾ̫ˣԼѡǱ˵ȷʵҲһЩˡ
ǵҲܰϣŵ棬ָǡǲԵġҪѧԾȣԼչܸ鷳ͺͻһԼԣܸҼḺ÷չ
Щ˼˵öԣȷʵǺ˼롣
ǵҾϣԺĺøɲȥǱݣǱݴ
⻰￩һ£Լƺô˼ˡ
Цͬ־¿಻ۣһĸ㷢չͬ־ǱҪġ
¶̫ͻȻеûӦ ǲųȥֵطֻûѲ֡
 Ҳܹ ¶һû׼
ЦŰ֣ҲżҲ顣֪ƳҲǺӵġǺʱ ˣ˵Ҫص㣬ܾȥﵱг ʵȨĳгҲǺпܵġƳǵ·ȷʵߡҶ⼸˽⣬ΪҲһѡߵ·
⻰˵ͷˡ
ܾһϲʵǣϳԽԼˡ
Եûѡ׶ҲûѡռȥδڷչˣƳǾҲҲʤĹʵ
ȥѰҸҪĵط
ǣûȷеĴ𰸣δлᣬҲȷʵųȥݡ
ǾЦˣ仰Уδ˭˵׼ءҲұ֤İ ṩõĸλһ֮ǰΪṩʵĹ֮ܶһ仰ݻӭ㡣ʱԹȥҲϲʩչ̨ 
һֱ뿪֮ڻ˵Ļ
Ҳʼʽط
δ Ҳпȥط 
Ͼɲ һûأڵʡڵȫΧĿԺ١ʡɲ
ںƵĿǸġǶ룬δȥĿԺܴ
ԼںƵͼҵ˱ݵĵλãƳǻЩ밡һǱԵھʡˡ


416 416
ص, ǺԪ¶
ϾҲǳɼҵˣڹԼѡ񣬵Ҳؼ˵
Ԫ˵, Щ, ݵû˽, ȻûȥǴξѧУͿԿ, Ǳߵ˼󡣹ΪȥǱ, ࡣҲʧܵĽ
񿿹, һֱź, һߺôһ˵һһȥ
ԪҲ֪ô
ǰûк֡
ϲϣȥɱ˿޷ɵ顣
Ҫʧô죿
Ԫʵһ겻
ЦҲ֪ΨмɡҪʧˣʵûδбͬ־ϡϾǻϣǻϰգû˻²¸ҲҪѸƶ
Ԫ, ҾͲˡȥ, ѣҡ
ллüЦ, չȥ, һڡ
ԪҲЦſ, ᡣ
СԪСȾʹչȥԪһڡ׵ʪġ
˶ʱֺֺЦ
ˡ
䣬۹أءںúۼԪ档
ѩԽԽ󣬻ڵ·סˡ
Ķ䣬رٽļ죬ˣѩͦĸصķů⣬˵֮ǰû湤ǻ̲סȥɽӲ칤
ͻ飬ɰѺɽһȺɲǾˡ
ɽ쵼Ӷæӹλӭˡ
Ѿֱȥ˴ܴȥˡ
ɽĴӴɲǵûʱӭ񣬶æء
ȥʱ򣬶ڸֳ飬ֳķů⣬°Щˡ
׷ĽôɲǶݹϲ
ԼҲֳִ׬һʡջ£ЩɲҲĹϣܹĺƣδܹ׬Ǯ
ӵˣ˭صȥأ
Ǵͨ籨ţ֪ˡģɲȵͨˣææܹġ
״ǲ˼ˣǹˣҾǹ̫䣬ѡ
ûѣʷŵĶȫ޵Ӷء֧Ͻ
ЦǶˡҲҪԼ塣õǸıǮʲôѣͺ֯ᡣ
ͨͨ仰ɰЩɲǸжˡ
Ĺܵõϰպĳ
ءҲǴԶǵĹ
Ƕǫ˵࣬Ϊϰ¶Ӧõġ
ãϸɲҲæϹˡ
ͲˣʲôⲻǵҪҪӭӣҲֱȥǣ
쵼
Ҳ뵢ǹ㿴ǶҡȻˣһ𿴿ɣɽĹ൱ð
쵼أ⻰ʱ˿ﶼͦ˵ġ
Щûܰ
һָһڴӲ칤
ԴɲʱǺɫģԴЩϸɲˡһ·ϾͶǣƽʱҪӲ칤˽ⲻǲλɲҪʱ˽ǵѡ
Ҫѧġ
ϣЩ쵼ܹϰߣڰ칫ţû¶ʱҲҪתת
㹤ɲڰ칫á
ţһ˵ƷԲøı䣬һ˵ϰǿġ
֪δĸɲǶϲӲ㡣
һĸɲǴϰߡֱγ˹
ΪڵĵһĹ磬ֱܶԺ󣬻ӰƬء
ɲӲʱ򣬻ڼȡůϰҲ˵˸ɲӲ죬ıů¶ˡ
һĶ̸ϢȥŴ֡
˵ǺðϰڼȡůɲӲ칤ҪǾᣬүڼϢЩϰղŵء
һϴүųõĻɢװȪƣӹľζ
ɽʮֵ⡣
˵ɽĻɲ϶Ǵˡ
ǲΪһ꿼ˣԶļΪ棬ǺõġδֻҪʱ䳤ˣϰǶϰˣҪɲǲˣϰҲͬˡ
һֱãõļල߲ϼ޴ڵϰա
ѩɽҲˡ
Ϊñķؼҹ꣬͸ķǷ˼ˣԼڼӡ극ҲԪһ׼ġ
⻹һڵһι꣬һҲˣеĳҪеġ
һ裬裬ը
õú¯ӣӾԼߣԪһ׼극һ꿴ʱʱֶŪһ¡ǵԪЦ
һЦ
һʱһֵʱˡ
ԪҲѧһˣʱܳˡ
ˣͽϡ
˺˰˸ˡ
ǰ÷űڡԪС䣬ԪڣžСԪһһ㶵ġ
˵һڡ
ԪܹҲչȥԪϸһ¡
Էʱ򣬾͹ϴţŵƻһůĳ극
߸µСԪѾԳһ㸨ʳˣԼԷֻӿšҲ׼ι
ԼԪŲˣźơ
Ԫ黹ۡɶأһֱûͣȳԵȺġ
ȻźƱԪһ¡
ԪЦźŮһߡ
ԪСԼǰŪţѧŰְʱʱһԼСľס
ӺοŮȻˣȹһ꣬ͿԿʼѵԼԷˡ
Լ֣ʳºӵȵ˺üˣҪ׷ι
һӳ극ʱմӰ칫ҹ
ΪһûмңڱĵطмҲûصˣûмڡҲϲż١
ʮҲԸӰࡣ
ʳûзԡȥϷԷ
ճҲųӼ°࣬ͺ飬컹ϰడûż٣
ЦʦԼҪӰģûʲô飬ڰ칫ҹҲͦõġ
¶Ҳ⣬͵ˣ극ûУʳǲǷżˡ
׼ȥأϷ껹ûͣ
ȥʲô갡ߣһȥԪҲǺЩûؼҵĹһԷҾȥһġҲһ顣
骵ģðɣҲԪġ
ʲôҲЩ˵ˣ飬ҲԪˡߣģһ֡Ǳ߶ûؼҵġ
˵Ŵ˳š
ЩĶģ˭һ˳Էȥ꣬˼ӡۻᣬ̸ϴˡ
ͷ˳
鷳ˡ
ʲôӣͶһ˫ӡǰҲǺЩûؼҵһġ
ʵ㲻ͼ˹𣿡
ҰǻڹɻˡұԪġ
骵Բ𰡡
ûʲôϰˡĻкܶءÿЩ˶һꡣǺһعˣȻһ𣬺Զˣûһꡣ
ͻȻ֮ǰ¶˵֪ûгɼҵģʵأأ
ûûɼҡЦ֮ǰǸԪģÿæҲûʱ䡣ҸһܣԪ߹ģ֮ǰиСΪʧüˡˣҵɹˡ
ұΪõ㣬ûôæҲȷʵõ㣬ɻҲٰûʲôʵŮͬ־䶼ʡ˵˵Ҹŵ쵼ˣôʣˡ
Цˣɱһµ
û¶㲻״ģ㡣
Ԫ鵹ǲ֪Ǳ²ˡ߸˳극һȥдѾǼĴͳˣپĶҲҪԼд
һëֻǺܹģԪд˾д൱ÿ
д֮ȥһ߼ල˻ˡ
ҪǸոˣŮĸơ
Ԫͻ΢΢ԺЦЦ
红˯ˣһӡ
ԪŰžЦˣһǵõһκһӣԵһöǡ˵һ³ɡ

ԪЦˣ³ˡٰһŰɡһԸԺÿ꣬һһꡣ
áЦ


417 417
ʮ, Զ׶ԪүӾʹ绰ˣյҪСԪͨ绰
һϡԪӡ
ԪҲҲûܾѵ绰СԪš
үȻϵ, ǲֹŮү׽
ͺү˵ǷСԪ, ֮һƬհ׵ġ
ԪҲϣԺ󱳸һЩԹԹġ
һҲá
ǵ˸׵Ե, ˼Ҳٺǰһ, ῼǵĸȫ档
ԪϲԼָı, ԼһһǺǰһ, ʲôעһ, ޵ߡ
ҲῼǺܶࡣκξʱ, ῼԼӺŮ
̷۽, Żʵ, ôˣ
ûʲôǾóɼҵá
Ц, øл, ҪȻ㻹ڴء
ԪͷȻ, Ҳڵ֯ϸŶ󡣡
ʱһЦˣȻ󴷴һ¡
үӺԪһֱ˵˿һСʱҵ绰, ʵүӵ˵СԪԼԼ, ʱʱİ
үӻͦĵġһֱ˵ͣ˵Լжϲ, Ҫúó󡣻˵ʱķṦΰƺҲںöԼ˵ʹ졣
滹ڿҪ²Ź˵绰Ǳ߲ڿҪ¹˵绰
λүӵԽĲ, 껹׼, 벻׶ĹůҪȻܲˡ
СԪҪ쳤󰡣ѧ˵̫үү
СԪһ޹Ŀ
Цһڡ
˯ǰ˻СԪѹǮ
СԪһյѹǮʮ塣
ǮܶͷڼıչСԪš
źӿĵӣҸˡ
Ůġ
СԪۣаְԶð
һʼˡ
ڸظɲˣԪƳǵԱҲˡ
絽ûͣ
һҲԼ쵼Ǵ绰ꡣ
ûʲôҪ쵼ǻ㱨ҲôԶĹȥ꣬쵼ˡ
ҲںЩˣڵ绰ü䡣
ǵͶɽǱߵĺʲô뷨ûУ
еģϰǿɽļƻִִȺã׼ǱߴɽȻڹؽƷ׼һҴƷ
̵гҲеģȫ԰ѵԴ
֮ǰ⿿һɽǲģ˶ɽӦͳˡ
ⶼȫļƻǾ͸ˣǵذɽúãǺҲ֧ԮǼĸ˳⣬ϴƳ뻨ΪһίҲ濼ǵġ
⻰һϲ쵼ڣ˵δȷʵлᰡ
δƳ뻨Χ󣬴ٽƳг򻯷չƳǵľ÷չǱ͸ˡ
붫ɽĺһúɵġ
ʵϣɽ쵼Ҳż껹û꣬ɽ͹ˡ
ȥβļ£ڶԶɽṩ˴İѾռͶʽѡֳ֣񡣽궬춼ѾѵһˡڿͿҪʼʽֳˡ͹ôš
ûоʱ򣬶ɽֳʮֵĳ⣬ͻȡ
ҲģҪҪ˸ˡ˽Ǯ֮⣬һк˵
ɽҲǸжĲˡ
ûܰﵽϵĺ˰
Ҳ֪ôлˡǶɽϰտɶҪлǻڰ
ЦֵܵλΪϰգ̸ϸлһһ䣬δôϣǻںͶɽǻֵġκ֮ǿɾĹϵˣҪδǶɽչˣȴƷ۸طˡ
ǵȻģǵֵܣôأ
ǸôܣȻʧǶɽҲʧȥһεĳںĻ飬ϰֻҪҪġϣδͬ־Ҫˡ
ᣬδҲڶɽˣҲҪҵĽӰ˱뻨ڵùϵ˭ҪǷͿˣ棬Ǿˡ
Цŵͷ⻰Ҳûʲô˵ˡҵǲĻڵķչֻһĺþ棬δһ
û£˳ںͶɽæµˡ
ڵĸɲϰֽˡ껹أûǰæ
ǰǴһ͵æˡ굹Ƕ˼١
ɽĸɲǾЩˣرǵĽһֱǻģȻֻʱĿ죬ÿææµµģƣ
Ǵӻڹ֧Ԯɲһģÿоˣȥ¸ϰֳ֪ʶԼְֵĽЩɲǽֳ
ÿ·òľһ
ôżЩɲ˵ⶼˣٲæ꣬Ҫ׷ˡ
֮ǰڸλϵʱ򳣳쵼˵Ļ쵼˵ġ
˵һ仰ǣģְ׷ˡʲô¶Ҫɼ
Ϊ˲ڻЩɲǰӣɽĸɲֻҧźЧʹȻˣǰеֳʼʽˡ
ɽͶʵϰռʺܶ࣬ͶʵĶȶȻûͶ׬˴ǮǶڶɽɲЩΡ
ֻԸųԡ
Ϊֳܹ㣬ɽԼ˿
ֳģ֮󣬾ʹӸÿÿƸֳάֳĹҪĿҲʵʹл۾顣
ҲûţҲء
ڶˣģѾŵ޳ˣ¾ܶ⿪ˡ
Խ꿪ҪʼԤȡ
ڶƷĽȻҪ޽һҴƷǾҪʼˡ
ƷҲ׼ӪġһǮȻ󿴿һЩǮһӪλ
ϾӹϵɽķչӪλгԵľӪϡ˽ҵһʱͰң߲ˡ
һ棬Ҳܹලбϡ
ʳƷ棬Ҫܸߵġ
Ʒ֮⣬صһЩƤ߳ԼƷҲҪӪԲ¶ɽЩֳĹӦ
⼸¶˼ᡣ
Ĺúȥ һ²Ͷ֮ǰȻǽ
˼⵹û⣬뷽棬Ӳ󡣡
ǣڣ㻹
ǰͦء
ϾǸϸɲٲ쵼ʶĻͦġ˼棬ӵǻûġ
ʱӴǣҿɾָˡ
ǿ˿ȣЦеģڵ飬ҵȻᾡľûġ
ֵҵϵʿҲð죬عҵЩҵһЩˡ
Ͷˡ
ֿʼƷ¶
ǣͷͲ׼ϰͶˡϾϰͶĿ̫ˣʼʱΪ˷ƶڶѾƶˣҲ۽磬ҪԼɳԼԼļ԰ˡ
Ҳһֱ֡
ƷɻټٲһһƷ
ǮҲѡ
๤¶ǽǱߣڶԽӵ⣬ɹܲĸ߸
Щҵ⣬ʾڻҪڹٿһҵ̸ᣬ̸һ¡
⺺ͬ־﷨ηĹڲǺҵ󣬿϶˿ڣΰһܷɡСİӣҲҪ鵽סֲͼˡҪȺڵС͵С¶һҪžҪõķչõĻ
⸱ʱıʾһǿⷽ湤ҾټؾԱᡣκһǻڵĵҰ
õĻƾֳˡ
˵ΰ⣬͹˵Ʒ裬ٶȾͿˡ
߲ſᣬ߸Խ⡣ǰۿģһ˵ͶʽͳǮǹҵ򣬶ָŹҵչأȻǴͷˡ
ǮܿͼһˣǮһλ֮ǰ޹ҵĹ̶Ͷ
һϵеĹҲһ֮ڿչˡ


418 418
Ʒʼ, عҵֿʼ
ȥһ˹عҵٿһιҵ顣
ҪƷƤƷһ顣
Ǻ˵˶ɽĺԼɽĴŹӦ
λ, ѡڹعҵ仧ҲͲṼǵΡ
ĻһȦ, ֪, ҵ˵չҪľԴгǹģȫҪġǸҵڻгϳͨ衣
ЩҵˣһЦеġ
Ϊ˸ṩĹӦ, ѡͶɽں, һֳ, Ϊṩԭϡ
ʵͶɽĺЩҵҲ֪, ϾҪͶɽ, ҲҪǵġȻҲǰк
ֻȷ˽飬Щҵ͸ӷˡ
˵ʵڹķչ, Ǻġ
˿ûʲôĵطڸ涼չǡҲûʲôõĸɲΪЩ仧ҵͶʻ˵൱ˡ
Ҳڹسڷչġ
֮ǰҲǿǵģ, Ϊ߹, ܾЩơ˭֪񻨸ھȻͶɽˡ
˼ΪЩҵء
Щҵ̹ˡ
ҲƬظ˹СֻҲҲõͶʵĵطˡ
УҲһϡ
֮ǰһǵĽ֮, ȻС, ׷ױʾһܹ˾, 
ЦģҺο⣬ǳԲЩԴΪȫͬҵ
ż͵𼱣˵ꡣΪ˶д룬ҪƤﳧ֮Ķؿˣ˵ʲô˵ƤƤʡֵεġⲻ͸Ͽ𣿶Ƥ߳￪ѵͲڱĵطþԼĵطǵ׻ռȻ
ȻҪһڳ꣬ҿ϶ûġȫǿӡ
Щҵ˵ǶСžţŵʱϱʱ򣬸ܹ˾л㱨һ¡
֮ЩλԱˣ뿪˹أϳ
¶ϲòˡ
Щ˳Բ£ʱҲҵ
֮ǰǷҵҲЩλڱСˡҪ˳Ļû׼ܵõ
æŹҵ¶ʱ򣬺ҲΪ˻ƺζȼ
ĵãΪܵӰ죬˼Ҳıر롣
ù⿿ֽ𺳣ܹĸߴϸֳ
ȪƳ˽˵ӹ֮ҲһιڶȼƬ
ȻỨǮЧð
ڻ˻ǮɶǴ󷽷ģҲηηˡȻҲһǮǾֻҪ淭ǮֵĻ
Ͱ뷨֯ϷˡֱӸˡ
õ쵼֧֣ʱԼ¶ɵʮоֱӳˡ
ͬʱǵĳҵһƬԸⲿˡ
ⲿӾˮȪΪдһӾ硣
дĩˮȪƵĹ¡
Ϊ̫СڣԲܻӭ
ȪƳ籾Ǳˡ
дⲿ籾Щǵռ͵֪࣬һҪر񡣵д籾׼ȪƸšд֮󣬲ûлóɹһֱڳԱŸû뵽ȪԼɾ籾
Ҳû˵ģЩˡ
ⲿӾȥˮ㣬͵ȡģǸ˸绰
֪ϢʱҲһȣҪˣ
ǵģҾûˡһһѵģڻǿ
ʱˣʲôҰȫԼˮôʱд籾ԼƬˣⶼԼŬҿǰûгҲҴæˣҪأ㵽ʱȡʱ򣬿ҲҪȡһЩþ
⻰ЩܵοҴӦҪĸڵĺá
Ūʱ䣬Ź˵绰Ȼ˵ĺͽҲ˵Ϣ
ϾܹΪһӾȡĵطǾһȵġ
˵ĲԣӾ㣬ǿȪƸһ¥ġ
ͺ˴һ
д˴ǵˣǶһߴϵ¡
ӾЧʺܸߣãˣҲ֮
ʱΪһӾȫΪڶˡ
ǶΪ˸еû뵽ǻڻܹϵӰҲ֪ôġ
ЦҲȡѣܾһ֣һӡ
ҲˡǺ㣬ԺҪⲿӾ練Ŀ
ϢܿҲڻڴˣ˴顣
رˮˣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ܿ죬ˡ
ݺһȺԱС
˵ʵڵģǶ˳Կ׼ˣϾƫԶũСʲôȻΪԱҲԲ˿ࡣС֮󣬷ȫô¡
ԷĵطУҲɫܷḻ
ס޵ĵطҲдͳһ
ֵ˾òҲܺáһͺġ
ȪƳǰԱӴǣųסС
Żû㣬Ա͵ݻϵľ졣
ʲô۹ϺӣǵȻָ˵·
СϰЦŵҲлȪƣڴľƣһˡǳȻȪƳģҲ
ϰžƿӸһ˵һ㡣
ݺһڣ̾Լģ
ǵȻʵϣһ㶼ٵġ
Ȫƿ鴫ݾ֮̾󣬲֪ԿŰΪǿء
ȪϾƣ
ǿɲ۶֪¶أ˵۵ˮȪʵӦýȪǾǵװƵĳӣ˶֪
ʵ֪֪ϰԼҲǲģҲ˵ġΪˮˣô֪ܲأֻ֪ġһҪ˵Ҳ֪֤Լû˵
ˮǼ˵ʹļˣҲſھ˵б۵ġ
ؼȪȷʵҲζҴ񣬾Ũ˿Ŷˡ
ݶʱĻ籾ĺܿŰЩıģ**ʮˡ籾ܲհʵģҪӵɫʡ
ݱ羭黹Ҫ㣬ͱϷ
ټһϷ
ΪսҶʧȪƣ»֮ٴαƶ£ٴȪƣˮʵľ򡣴ӴˣˮҸ
ȻˣҪϷŪףôھġ
Ҳҵ˴
ԭΪһʶھû뵽ҲҲƴ档
һλΪ˽˽쵱ũ¸ˮ߷á
һСȵȪˮ
֪һ˵
ɽˮҵ˴˵еˮȪӴԺȪһϵƵ
ңӵĵ绰ʱЦˡ
ǷҪϷ˵ʵҲúáĺáɲĺãе㾦֮ʡԲ
νֻҪܹˡУͬ⡣̫žСϾʵҿʵʵһˣͷ˼Һң̫ˣҿɾͶˡ
ǿ϶ᣬʵǵġ˵Ĳء
¶Ȩ֮ûôעˡϷ¶ǺҲ׼֡
ƬԼˣѸıΪƷĵӾ缴Ϣڱֽϸһ
Ȼ󻨸Ҳ˳˸ˡ


419 419
⻨ڿֳ, ǻӿڡ
Ƴǵġ칫Ǹ˵ķ±ֽͺгЦŵ
ƳΪһС, ҲûʲôĵطټٵĻܹϱֽ񻨸ڰ, 䲻ľϸֽ
һڵҲ, óʽ
һ᲻õġ
Ҳûʲôġ
Ϻΰ, ϴСǸ뷨ƳǺͻںϲһ, ΪôЩһֱ, ûԡ
гſˮƿǵˮҲԼ˵, ⷽͲǿˣСյġ
ǾͰһۣ㶼г, ͲҪϺ˵ˡ
гЦЦ, ˵ʵҹũҵһ, 棬ҲɡҲ֪֮ġҲ֪ǸЩǿƵˣαضȥء˵ˣ, ɲ˶ˡ
εЦ, ҵʱίһᡣ
˵֮δ, ǻλϵ, Ǹ, ҲҪˡ룬ʱСնȥأ
гǵȻģСյǶǿġʮֵ֧ġ
ЦСǸλɼ꣬Ҿᵽ
гãʱҲˡ
ǵҲûô죬гλûҪġ
ôʮܵгˡ
˵ʮֵΪˡ
Ǹźõ·
ϧϣͰﲻæˡ
ܹǾְҲȥʡΪƳǱϾǸСУҪְҲȥ΢ĳе쵼
һҲ˲ˡ
Ҳû취·绹ǵԼߵġ
ǲ֪Լ쵼ڸԼ滮ְҵġ
˼˻ڵĽ档
ڵϰæµġ
⻹ɲǶֵأǹҵǱҵչ⣬͹æˡ
Ϊϴο˻ᣬǽ˶ɽӦ¶Щ˶ܹ˾Ǳ߻㱨
ܹ˾ְ˹ݷ˽Ĺ滮
ֵûʱӴǡæ˺üڰѹģչ¶ˡ
⻹Ʒ޽⣬Թʵġ
Ͼϵ°ĶɽֳƷҪɲܳ⡣
ææµµУʱ·һζ
ܿ͵¡Ľ裬ǹǱߵĹƷĽ趼Ѿβˡ
ҲæĽŲմأȻΪһ裬ԼĹŮҪˡ
СԪҪıһԾûС
ܷǽˣǲߣϲСϥʱҪƤˡۡ
һ׮ǺӵĿǰΪֹûĺ衣ʹˣĺӿҲ硣Ҳпġ
żԪʵҲǻῪں˵ģǺģģ߰ġ
ڶҪˣǲẰء
ϯϸȷ磬ľ
Ȼ̾Ԫʲôʱѽ
СԪͷĻľأͻȻ̧ͷһ裡
С͵һ
ʵϣСԪ¾ܺĺˣǺٿڡ
νеΪ㵱۾
ȻԶʡ̸Ԫ绰ԪẰˣẰˡոպĿˡ
ڵ绰Ｄ
Ԫںʡֵ̾죬⻰ͶԷһǸȻȥӵ绰˷֮ܵǰͿģҶС
У
Ԫаְ֡
ԪŴ۾ĺ裡
ˣ㲻ڼ
ԪҲûʧ䣬ܸˣڵ绰е
ҲúùŮ˺ü
֮ԪýˣƴľҲ֪˭ˡ
ϣԪ͸ϻˣźӽаְ֡
СԪҲӣŰְֵ棬һ
ɰԪ˻ˣϣЦݾûͣ
ңСԪСʱ򣬽ʱںƣԲĳɳûдÿһν
Ҳл֧֣Ŵȸȷ磬ԪۼҺǲҪ갡ô죿
Ԫɡ
ڻôʱ䣬Ǿǵļˡһڶαȥذϯ
Ҳ֪æǳæôȵ죬ҲܣȥӲ칤
ǵúúð죬˵ϰ׺ܶģر֡
ֹźӵգ׶ռǱ߶ţǰʹ绰ˣı߰졣ǺøϹȥϲơռͰ죬Ҳ׼
˵߰죬ҲǲϹرǣǧĸ·
ʱ䣬һȥġŵ
Ȼû׼ռ͵˹ξϯҲ١ġ
ϯ¶ְһֲٳֵģδһЩصϰס
껨˼
˯Ԫ࣬ȰɩأҰƳǵԪԱҲæɹˣġ
Ҿٵġ˯ĺӡͻȻЩɬ֪ߵʱԽԽˡΪһĸףȴעͯ飬ߵʱ򣬶
˵õģӴҪԪһˡ
ҲͬġϾڵĵطǽҽƣǱȲеġԪܸṩõĻȻҲֹ
Ҳʮ֧ġ
ԪѾΪںһˣƽʱм£ҲȥϷ׶ںƲǲæݻǰеĽŲҵעһֱҲΪԼ
ЩԪҲֻһĶͷ
ҲΡԪԱҲҪġԪ͹ҺһЩĿҲǲܵġ
֮ǰǸһֻԼҲͻ᲻ܲˣˡͺ͵Ƹ۴Ԫһ
˼ͥΡῼǸࡣҪк񲢼ҲҪСԪһĸס

ıڻڰ죬뻨ߵͬ¾ˣҲ٣ֻԷǺԪһףˡ
ϯ죬Ԫһˣռһ˻ǹˡ
һģԪүүҲ鷳ɻȥʡռ˻ϣȻռһġ
һ˵ĵνƺƴ
ԪүүģŮųġ
Ůʵ̫ˡ˵ҪġȻϯٰᡣ
񣺡
ӵľϯڻķġǰͰˣȻúˡ
ȻֻǻľƵ꣬ǺôдõģҲгˡԪүүǾί˺ӡ
Ҫ졭
ԪʱҲ֪ôģҼǵãʮϯǰףں汻С
ȻҲϲСԪףǸںһһϵףαĳµĸ㡣
Ԫүүû˵ˡǻһңԪ鱻ˡǻҲûϣֻȥύˡϯˣŷû
ԪҲһ仰ˣʵʵĺϲơȻԪȥǡøɶɶˡ
ռˣΧźӿ
ϴүү̣մã˶ûӡγս˶ˡڵǶˡ
̵˵Ԫ˶ôˣռ˲ˡϲ١
ȻǱ˼
һȺ˶ΧźӿСԪƯƯģźɫСǶС̿㣬裬Сϴ֮ǰռЩ͵ֻŻ껭ϵСͯһ
ôˣҲ£˵۾
ӴɱҼǸ飬ҼǸҶ˵ˡҡ
Ԫ⻰бۿҵġ
ЦˣôˣôæϹ
̵ϴζûο϶ҪġҪȻ֪ɶʱܿء
ҹͻȥġ
˭˵׼ӻڴ񣬾֪æˡ
ΪɲģҲǸռ͵ǶѣæĶûԶŵġ
԰ɲָʱȥ
ȻռҺԪͻȻˣҲõȱ˲ˣϾ֮ǰǰˮϯ׼ģܳ㡣
Ƚ׽Ķڶ¥棬ȥԷ
¥ŵĶ쵼ǣЩ쵼֪ˣҲк
һӼôɲͦ˵ɲҲǴɲˡ
һĺ˲󿴿ҿֳ÷ʹݶڽأϽǹ
ռҺԪûǱһģ֪ˣǾԼλóˡ
ɲˣ֮ǰɶλãɶλá
÷Ǽֵһ˺ò׾۾ۣҾͲˡǱߺɲ̸̸¶
ҲûǿЦСĸҲˣͷǺúġΪǺСҵĻܶġ
÷Ȼ۾һǴ


420 420
СԪȫǺͻϰһ, ϯ֮һץܡץܵĶһһģЩΪһĸ, ԼŮΡ
СԪʲôǺôһ档ڴ תһȦڿЦ
ץ
һһǲš
Щż , ͼԱԪֲŪһ ž˲ע, Ȼ˫§ס 
ǶЦ
ȴ͵͵һԪĸ첲ף
֪, Ԫ鲻ϣԺ·ࡣºۡϣԺĹ, 㲻⣬Ҳ˸ɡ
ʵҲû˵úӽĻ, ÿ˶ѡԼδȨ, ҲԼĿתƸӡԶԪΪ , ʾܲͬ
˲Ǻ˽Ԫ뷨, ̾ͺܸ˵, ̺, ԺǼԪƣ칫, ⡣
Ԫ飺
һЦ, ˣڻǿɻû䱸أڴءԸԪյʱ, Ҳǲȫġ
ĵİοԪ飬ҲͦõģȨأ簡 ˵ˣôⶼС
ԪεЦЦˣԺʲôʲôǲ档
üȫšԺӺͰְִʱ࣬ȻͰְѧˡ
ҲЩֻҪԪԺ󲻸ˡ
ץ֮ϯҲɢˣԪȥдϯͬ־ǣһһ뿪ֻʣռһ г÷һؼȥ
֮ǰ˵Ҫܳ÷ʶɲ˵Ŀ
ҵȷʵܶࡣ֮ǰȥϵģҲԼЩȻҪԼ̸
û׼Լ̸̸µ뷨
˼鷿˵
һ˵÷ĵ֣ҲǹϵܺõѣĴкҲЦ֡
÷˼ˣʵ˵ûʲôæҺѵõĻᣬһֱ 
ЦŶһۣȻ󶼿ų÷ Ǻһ˻ᣬȻ ߵ硣
ЦˣôչģԼŬռ ԷƱ л棬Ҳʶʶ
 ΪбҪʶܵǵõϿɵģǺΡ
Цҡͷ̸ ȳȥүү 
ڰ֣ȥȥɣ۶죬к
ڱϺͳ÷ͣӣƽʱŵǺܿ׵ġ
÷ЦŵͷȻŵġͺ˵ܹõκģܲûˡ
ߴ̸⣬溢Ҳ֡
رǹЦ 
Աߣڵʹݶĵͷ 
񿴵վһ飬Ļһ¡߹ ôˣ
̵͹¶ ڵСúõģڱЦСӣһȥһҪ˵
Ц̫̣ҾЦЦԪϲ  ͵ĶһԪ档
ӻ֮ ͰԼ׼õԪ ͵Լݣ͵Сޡڵ͵һԼֿƬƴ϶ ɵǴҲһ 
Լֹġ
ùڵ͵ҪֱдȥģһһдķرòʻдģдĺͯȤ
￴ŶǺĲ 
ϧԪǸʶ ͵Ĳ ˣ ǲϲѧϰظĺӸˡ
ЦŽ˹ܺ ԪҪѧϰʱˣҪ ױáСöŪˡױ ۾Ͳˡ
̵Ҿ˵ˣⶫáѧϰǺ ԺҼԪҲҪúѧϰġ
˷׷˿ Ȼ࿴һۣ΢΢һЦ
Ҳ΢΢ЦЦû룬Ͼ˻ǺӣԺ¶˵׼ ͦп
⻻һ ĵط
ڱЦãǰ;ۺڵǸӣû뵽ﻹһСءдֻͦÿ дĺö 
СʱĹĹĵġ
 զأѧԣݱС꿼һءǶҪѧϰ
ѧϰɼϣڵͲʾˣ ãҲһһȫ꼶һ
ݵ Ҳȫ꼶һ Ȼòܸհ̶ һ䣬ʱȡȫǰʮ
ڵСҿ 
ݣҲȡǰġ
ס˱𾪵 öߣȥתת治 
Ҳ̲ס֣ȻһѱڵԪԹԣҪ͸Ǻúѧϰ
̺ģǿ϶ģҼԪ϶ˡ 
СӵĽ鶼Ǻ׽ģոջȳɼһһȥˡ
ȳ÷ߵʱ򣬶Ϻڵ繷磬ˡ
ԪҲ Ằ  
˺ǣǵջҲ١ȳ÷ˣ˴Ҵҵ
öܸ۵ܿǸˡҪС쳤ںô ˵Ϊ˱һ  ֻǵƽ̨  öɣȥҲõģԻ 
һǵȷʵԼٺܶķˡΨһþǲƷװҪҲԳԡǵĲƷںܶƷˣԼǵĸ úãֱû
СڹģˣƷˣҲܶԼ ҵĴ
ûҪǾоͺú̸̸ չĹ̾Ĺ̡ 
ó÷Ǹˡ
СΪ˸ĸһɶ Ѿȫ֪Ʒ Ƴ˵ Ʒƻûôֻ˵С
ԼĲƷϺСǾܽС֪ˡ
ȻһҲ׼˵̫ ˫¶ ȡˡ
ֻס ҪŻȥ ˶ԼҪæ¶
ԪүӵǲߣԪڻ˵ˣģĻм̫үүϡĲˡ
ȥռͱȥ Իæӡ
ĽүүŮ龰ˡ
ԪҲûܾǹҲæƽʱҲ˲ 
ռҲһˣֿʼæµˡ
ʵܹף дʱ䣬ġ
Ŀ඼и ǴСС¶ҲҪȥ
һֱæ˾£ȼ
ԭĹڵǰһ 
Ժͻڵĸɲǹȥ 
ӽȼŵһ̣;ǰһҲˡ
Ǿ ҲǷ 
̨ͤ¥ ɽɫ˵ľ ˡ
һס޵ķ еһԴĸо 
Ȼ֮ǰӲ칤ʱͿŽģڿƷ ֮ Ȼ𾪡
ǻ Ͼδֽ趼ҲСǶڻڵĸɲ˵ֱʤ 
û뵽ڻõĵط
ǻǰӡ Ƨ뵽ȥЩ 
ʦô
 Ц ƷͼĸоҪá
Ҳ󷽵ĳ ۾ǵȻˣʦͽʦǵĴȻ ҲֻдȻй񹤵ļܡ
ΧľɫȫҵԤˣҵǺڴʽ⿪֮󣬻ô
֮ƬŶһЩ ȻϹ޸ġ
Ҳڸֽ ʽ⿪ŵ  һ⿪ţȫƱһ»һס޷Ѻͻʳ 


421 421
һȥ, ڻڵƬҲڵ̨ˡ
ͷܹϵӵĶȻľͶһ⻷رƬĵĻرá
ȫĳ˵صĺɽɫ
ʱũͳв, ձũûжҲδܶڳѹ󣬿ũ԰⡣
ǣƬʱҲȫһġ
ȫ԰Ȼ, ȴ־߱еĸֱ
ƬĽֵɾ, ϵ˴롣
ﲻֹз꣬ɫСԡ
аٻ̳Ҳ½ҽԺ
ʳס, Ժֶ÷
ֵڴǣͼڹϵõͭƷ
, ýƷʵ֣Ƕôʵ鰡˲ˡ
ͷгȥ¶, Ҳȥ, Ϊ㹺еһЩƷ, Լ뷨, ԶĵطҲٻΪѵƱԼһסѶ
ǺƱصĳоͺܶ뷨ˡ
ƵĳлǺܶ, رʡִ, ڸλҲ
λھͺЩλˣΡֻҪŹ, Ʊ֮, ס޷ѡһ㵥λҲûʱ档൱ȫгˣֻҪԼһЩʳѾˡ
صĻʳѺܱˣϻ˶Ǯ·Ҳö, λԼĳȥҲһЩͷѡ
⻹ԵԱء
һӾԼʡһЩλˡ
Ի¿ŵտҵʱѹͲȱ
ʮһſŵ죬඼Ϊˡ
ΪԼõĵλһЩɢ͡ƳǱصĳˣԼסŵ˶ˡ
Ե羰ܻӭˡ
εû뵽ġǻΪСطء
ȷʵҲЩ˴˾ϲ
ùƷƷȷʵܺá
һ˹Ľһܶ࿴ΪȻ⡣
Ȼ˷羰֮⣬ϲ顣
ȥժˣȥĹߣ˵Ժ󻹿ժˮ
Էۺϡ
ɽɫ
ȻЩ߼ľҲС
ҲпĵطҲоٰۻĵطĶͼңкȲĲݣв
˵һĸܶ൱ȷʵһֶȼٵĸо
ǡ⡣
극֮ס޵οͣƾ֤ȥ
ǵڶܶ˶ȥ
ӻˡ
ΪڵأڵϸֲƷҲǺܶġرǻزﶼС
ȪƣɽࡣԼĸֲƷ
ҶҪˡοĶҲڡʵ϶һǺǿҵġһˣ˵ĶҲ׬ˣǻ⼸ֵĲˡ
˸Ц˻֮󣬱ȹ껹Ҫ֡
Ҳû£Ϊ⼸οѣϽͨһЩοͻȥ档
ȥˮˮȪ
˵ˮǱоϷȥ˾͸ˡ
ɲǾ֪񵱳˵Ӱ컨ھõԭˡ
ŸտأѾʼһӰˡ
Ժ󻨸˾Ͷˡ˲඼ߣܴٽؾ÷չ
Ȼٽ·ܳΪÿ춼ôˣֻҪڣӪĺãһֱڴô
ǰ˳ˡ
һǮԺһֱ˴ô
ԪҲʱ䣬źȥ֡
СԪ˵Ĳˡ
ְֶնյģҪסˡָߡ
һ滹˻ڵĸɲϼҴڵģżٵʱ档
ˣĹк
رǼǰӢޱȣľ߶ôȷ
ллǶҵϿɣҰﻹǵġپŵʱԻͣӪƾ͵ˡ
ҾϲĵӣԺ۴ҪȺȺչáҪȻң͵һܼˡ
ôأԺֱӹܵġ˭
²ôӪҽڻҪרһӣרҵ齻רҵ
ڹ˶Ǵġ
ûҵܱȽϺáεĻǸΡ
Ȼ˵У˵Ķԡ
ҲɨˣЦôҺú棬¶̸ȻͺԼˡ
ԪЦŵ˵Ķԡ
ЦȤˣϰߡԺҸĻ𣿡
øģͦõġӰ˼ΣҲһֺܺõϰߡûôɡ
Ҳ࣬ټһδѡ
ԪЦллʦָ̡
ʦԪҲѧŽС
죬ʲôʦԺٲʦġȻͺӰֵҿԸʦˡ
ԪͷǸˣ̺Ҫ
һµСԪ֪ԼҪʦˣֻ˵§ŰְֵĲӣˡ
Ԫүһ֮Ҳ붬֮ǰ߳סˣҪ߶ȹҲһԼ泣׷ӡԼסϡ
ȶȥϷ߻رȥԼů档
ԪûʲôԼ¶Լͺá
үЦҾסˡԺӰǶϻ
ҲͬˣԪҲæϰ࣬ûʱӡ
ԪиҲá
Ҳ֪үʵҲΪԪ
ܴԪȥǴԪǿԵġܸлү۰Ԫ
ֻû뵽ү۰Щˡ
ڶȥ֮󣬾һ׺ʩˡ
˼һһĵطһ豸
˸ֺĴС
СԪʱ϶ˡҪȥӣͱ̫үүȲţɤӺģ˵ԪأԪء
˭ܵ˰ְ̾Ϳֻˡ
ϿСյĵطԪ鶼ˣǹġ
˭ûүӻ庢ء
Ԫ飺
ЦŴչȥˣҲûʱ㺢棬ȹ£ҪʼѧϰˡԺʮ꣬ûôеʱˣ㻹ú棿
Ԫ鿴ݰףˮӣͷ˵ҲǡҲȷʵùˡ
ǰ˷ĵƿء
ڰļûء
쿴
ʮ£ʼֵľǶɽˡ
ͿʼֳɽҲʼճˡ
ֳڱͲµµóĳ
һջͿʼ䵽ˡ
ǮҲӻҵŵ˶ɽ
һ֮󣬶ɽص֯ҲʾЩ룬ԼÿӦ÷ֵǮ
Լѡ֯ͶʣǰǮûȥ
źֽ湫ЩһֺϰǼľͺһġ
ԼȻܹ׬ǮһǷ׬
룬ӽԺֺǳڶеġ
һЩһͶʵٵ˶ЩڣԼ̫СˣͶ̫ˡ
ȻͶʵҲ޶ģһ١Ǳ˵ˣһٶûС
ڷֵǮٺܶˡ
ڵǵŹ۲һ˵ϰգֻܿ˼ҷǮ
֯ҲʼͶˡ
ǵһˣﻹǾúڡ
¹զɽ嶼ǻֵġ
ϰ˵ҵ׬Ǯ·ӣڶɽ˵κͻںĳɹ
ڰ칫һ̣ƽһ飬Ÿ˵绰ϲ˳л
εĳɹǶɽϣ淴ڶͶʣ˷ǳĶ࣬طܺáɲǸɻиˡ
ЦŵҲǻڵϲ£ҵҵҲ͹ĻƷ⡣ƷҪˣʱǴĿ
ĻŭţδԽԽáĿˣ·ߣôȥú¸
һǵллǶɽҲ׼ӴͶʣҲҪѵߵ·ͨˣԺ·ߡ
ƻã···ܷչΪ԰ϢǺг㱨û׼ܹõ㽱
Цˡ׼Ƥôɵġ
ţҲصˣˣҲջˣҵҲˣǱ֧Ԯͬ־Ҳûˡ

˲Ű


422 422
ֲᡣ
ĸɲȥ, Ǿòרҵ֪ʶ, ĿеĻɲ
Ҳ֪ԼЩܹô˳ǶЩ˴ŵġ
ϧˣԼҵģôס
Ը˻øλ, 
ûͻںֲһ, ҲΪ¶ìܡ
ǵԼ˲š
ˣɻܣ̾˿, ʾᾡ찲źãȻЩ˻صġ
, Щ˶ǺܲģȥҲҪð, ɱ˷˲š
ô˷, ɶǺ, ǸɲѡءҪǺǶɽϵ, ҶðųȥġЦ, ǶɽҲһЩɲɲǴʱʼá˼пԡ
ʵ, Ҳôõģ㿴ʲôʱҲչһɲľ齻᣿
Ц, ҲСʵҲûʲô, Ҳֻġƶϸ񣬸ϷȻڻûﵽ뷨, ȫԷųŬġ
Ȼ֪߸ɲĸˡ
˵ʵԼĽۺˡ
ɶɽòôõĴ
ᣬɽҲõķ淢չˣҲ뷨ˡ
رߵɲܴĸд
ҪǶ໨Ǯʲô׬ġ
ⷽȷʵҪǿǡ
Ƴ쵼ҲһֱעŻںͶɽκ
ЧǻԴ绰ɽѯ
˽˶ɽĽִ֮绰˻ڣʻô
Ӧ󡣡
⻰ûϹ˵Ϊгûδôḻ˿Ҳ١
ںܶණϣǲġ
һԼʱˡռ˺ʱ
ҪٹЩ㷢չܾûôˡ
ҲԼҪѧϰԺܹռĻԽԽˡ
Ƕʮ⡣ɽҲ˽ˣͬ־θɵĲǼסĹ͵ġ
ЦⶼǶɽͬ־ԼŬȻҲܺͶɽȥͣմ⡣ҪȻ͹ˡԺ˭ҺæͷͶͷˡ
ǻβҲǷչ𣿡
ȷʵҲˡ
ڽҲǺܴģǵչҲͦõġιȥʡˣûȥ˵൱ð׻飬׼ȥǱ߿ġ
ϲһӭί쵼ݰӲ칤
ٴǻúùĻỹںء
ǵ
һ㶣е²⡣
Ҳûֱ˵͹˵绰
˵ʵڵģȻЩ²⣬ǶٻǱȽѹġ
֪Ҫˡڻڵĵꡣ
ʵͦ᲻ġһͦõ쵼Ȼ֮ǰЩСǷҲͦΪġ
ǵ͵ļʱ߹ϸɲʡӣҲһΪ˰ա
ȻǺϣߣԼ˵¶ˡ
ĵˡ
ʱ仹ͦģ˵͹ˡ
ʵ֮ǰ뷨ǵϵġֻû뵽ڻʵԼɲһЩֵ
ҵʱҲ֪ҶϲҵģҡԼҲģʹҺϲɴݵˡ
˻֮󰡣֪ԼʵܸɵģҲԼԽԽˡ
ǣȫ˾ӶߣȻﵱɲ
ˣҲϲʵµˣһλٴţ˷ԴԸȥϴӡϰʹءֻǰ飬԰һֱֵݡ
Ϊ˺ܶ¶
ǰҲԼͦġǷˡ
ЦŵԺҲһҪһֱ˼;㻹ᣬءڹиɲữЩɲûᡣ
ǰҲ绰̸ˣƼˡʵ⻹Ƽ𣿿϶ˡ
΢Цǣлл
ǵлңҪǲƼ㰡⻨£˭Ҳ˷ԼӦõõġ˵ЩҲģиʣµļ£ǾͿʼӹ׼ˡ֮ǰҲЩ㽻ӺˣҲڻתת˵귢չôãҾȻûôȥ
ͺúõĿĴ£˹ĶҸ
Ҫ¶ڻҲˡ
رǻϣԽԽٷԣ鶼֣Ҳʶˡ
⵹ûڻڲʲôӰ졣
Ȼÿطɲ죬ٶ˲ǻڲ⡣
ƽʱǢӰҲ顣
ΨһľĽӰ˵˵СˮͷÿӰӵŬ׵ʱ򣬺ץһѹ
ǵﶼϾƽʱŹĽȻǸɵıȽϳɫģ˻ĺܶشĿ
ЩܵӰ죬ƽʱ·ҲԽԽ񡣶ԻڵķչҲǺ֧ļƻġ
Ӱʵġ
ֻ¶û׶Ҳûᡣ
һֱʮ£ܽ飬ݵ¶Ŷ
Ӱ¶Ҳ֯쵼ˡ
Ϊ˲뿪ʱ̫˸Уһһ˸ͻᡣ
ףݣӴԺʼҸ
ǣԺǡ۶һӣû¶ͻʲôġ
ЦйӴȥ˻ôӡǰҴģڻǵûȥ
ЦǷԼȥδĻˡ
ǵȷʵСһҾͶԵˡ
ھͺһ壬Ժҳˡ
˶ֺǺǵЦ
ǻ治ԲƣʾôСˡ
ôһڣԭŵᣬҲĻˡ
ɢʱǶֺǺǵġ
ڶ죬һϳװһزĿ뿪
Ҳʽ˻ίǵλá
Щϰߣ͸ɴûطԼԭǼ칫档
¹ΣȰԼӰ˸ȷˡ
ȻһܾģǺҪġ
Ҳֱ˵ˣο
ڻڵӰ죬϶ˣҲᷴ
Ϊ˼ͬ־֮ìܣ˹ֱӱ⣬ˣˣλʱš
⸱͸߸ǻ࿴һۡ
ȻѡҲϣҵСΧͶƱɣԼѡһԼ֮⣬ʵˡ
⸱ǣ˵ѡ˭ҲûͲͶƱ˰ɡ
ۻһ㡣ѡҪֻȴģܷڣҲҪؿǵġ쵼ҲҪŽͬ־
˾ͽˡ
ʵƽʱϵҲǺܲġ﹤ϵҲá
ҲΪλãϵһ㡣
ͶƱҲ˵ԷáͶ˭뷨ˡ
ǶԼֽдˡ
һ£ֻЦŽдźһɽֵֽ˳ںһɽдһţȻҲûҪóˡ
߸⸱ʱЦˡ
߸ϺȷʵɵĺãӱȽϻ
⸱ھ÷棬ȷʵ
ＤĶվˣû뵽ԼһܵϻŬ򶨣ǫǴ֧ҵĹҲܹչô˳ԺһҪְ֧Ϻллλˡ
߸⸱ֿһ
¶ôˣ׼ֱȥ
ʽ
ֻҪͬˣʱҪΪڴˣ֮ٿίʽѴȥˡ
칫ҳ֮󣬺ٴμĸлԼϸǡ
߸⸱ûոôˣĲ˵һܲġ
⸱ֹҪӼз
ʵЩʧģ˭ԼѡأܲҲˡ
ûû⣬ֵǷģܹײǷһûȥۺúóһ١
⻹࣬߸
һأ߸ˣѡһⰡ
⸱ҲĿ
ˣԼ˵ѡ˭аоҪ˰ȥ˻˵ʲô߰߰ɣټӶƣ
˵͸Ͻˡ


423 423
ί֮, ֵˡ
Ͼְһܾ꣬ܲˡ
ҲҪһ
Ԫ鵹ν, ֻҪһһˡ
ǰӵǶ࣬ûһطֹС»ڵһСӣúܰ㡣
ԪҪҲ֪ѡҲԪүӲŻ׶һ, Ͱ˸ˡ绰Ҳͷܵĺ, Լȥˡ
Ψһ񲻺˼ľռˡ
֮ǰԪʱ˵ˣȥء
ֲˡ
ǵô绰˵
̵ûʧ, ܵ⣬Ҿ˵, ʱûԵģÿҵʱһ˹ȥˡͲ, мпڵ, Ҳġ
ǰһ塣Ԫ, Ԫ, 治ˡ
ŮءǴ¡
û˺֮, ҲææµµĿչ
ְ֮, ĺܶ๤Ҫʼƽˡ
νĲλıЩĿ͹, ŵ, Ҳš
ƽһЩ׾͹æˡ
ˣﻹرϲҲд, ֪ԼһЩǲǣر֮ǰļļƻû顣
ںͶɽϵǹͨ۾顣չʱһ
оλ쵼˼
ʮָж
ǣллġ
ЦǸøɲءǵģҪúǻڵĵԱͬ־𣿡
˵öԣ쵼ǣҪúˣҲúúܽӰˡ
Ͷˡ۾ܾһطܾڼ¶ȿ갡ҲҪָɲƻġʤĹʵҲҪ˲άġ
֤ҵʱһϡ
ֵǹˣһ¶ôǺг֮󣬾ԽԽ󣬷չҪ硣ǰڷչˣǹͺˡ
ǾǺˣ
֪֮ǰЩǱߵĻɲġǵǺֻжɽĵˣźͶɽ
ûأ׼㲻Ҳһģʵ
ҲǣҲҪѧϰۡ
ǣҿʱۿһЩ֮ǰȥɽ֧ԮɲһۡҲදԽ
Ц֣ãá
˱׼⵱һģ⣬δѵģûʼء
ٺԹˡ
ǹϲְ¶Ȼ̸
˵ǽףǾͺúõĸɲǻҶɽѧϰˣѧϰء
֪߿϶һֻһԸϽˣ⻹Ǹһˡ
ˣľý蹤Ǻڸ𡣡
ҪҲʲôԼڽӹء
˵ţȥ
ȴʱǣǺˣ
ٺ࿴˿Ȼͷ
̾߳ȥ
ÿһͻģһҲŬˡ
ҲΪŬˣ֪֮ǰǶôȷ
ɲҪǲΪ쵼ĺߣ޷ʵʩá
˵ǺũƷ۹˾ϵˣֶٶ˼ҶֻۣܰҪһЩѾС
ȻǾֲȫضҪԵģⶫñ棬Ҳۡ
רѧ˼̵ġ
ɽأ濪չļΪ˳ҲģûҲܶࡣ
ҪôλҪôǸɴûôɲԼҺݼﶼˣǮˡϰն֪¶
ץ˵ͣһʲôҲûܵĻɲΪʲôú
˼ô˵˵Ҫˣȫ嶼ˣǻҪ֣գӴˡ
ĵʱ쵼һûԷ
Ȼٿڶɽ˼ǽһɵĺ𰡡
ر׷Ǯ⣬ɰǴ̼ˡ
һǰһһɽѾˡҲ֪ôˡ
ǵҲŷչҵǾڵĹعҵ
֪ˣøģõҪȻˡ
ǵ沿ͿԿˣһȷʵҲù
ȲǺˣһ϶Ҫģǿ϶ǺͶɽֳһʣǹҲԲôࡣһ󲿷ֳֶչ̫ˡ
˵ѾҴҵĹˣȻЦźλ֡
ӭǻ͡
Ͱѧˡ
ٺ
͵ѧϰ
ˣҲʽʼ̸չ⡣
׼ϵ¸ġͻں
ϴȥι۵ʱҲ˽ˡͻҲǺ񣬵ˮԴȴ绨ڰˮֳҪˡ
˶ͷⷽȷʵǲ˵㡣
ҪȻԼҲ͸ˡ
ʺûʲô뷨
ҶǱûʲô˽⣬Ҫ˵ɡ
Ҿ㽨ˡΪٺҪչҪũءǸũ巢չôǧܷƬءǸֳǸֲ
ȻҸոҲ˵ˣģֳҲõĵİ취Իֲ棬˵ո˵Ǹִ㣬ҿͿԲο
ʲôƷ߲ˣڶ̣׿رģǾͿԺúõ˼һ¡Ҫһ㣬ΪͶʲǵ
ʲôǳͶʡ
Ҫڲܻûرġ磬ֲ
ÿɫˮȫֳɫЩˮҪֳһɣĻرǺܶġ
棬Щ쵼Ҳ֪ġһЩũͥſڻһŹ
˵ʵڵģЩֳĹӾǲóԣҲÿ
ֹʺ֮ǰũˮĲá
Ҳͷ
ǻǾֳá⣬ôҲҪĳȥġǣҪģͶɽһв
ЦŵֳȻڶ̣ǮҲе㲻ãһÿͶʿɲ١ЩֳҪιϵġҲһָʲô֮ģʧǳǳ󡣶ֲ˵ֻҪǰڵļ꣬ͶʾͻἫ٣һرڳС
ôһ˵־ȷʵебס
ۺƻûֲĵҪôˣҲǵһ߳ĵֳɫ
ͺǺɽƷһȻɽҲֳˣ˾ѡɽ
ţҲøֲȷʵҲǲġ
ԥֲˮóԡ
ˮϴһũͬ־Ǽֵӣˡ
ЦͨƷֵȻˣҪչҪӿѧֲȴˮƷֲ֣棬ǶҪѧݵġ
һҲģ¹ڳûǸġ
˵ģͶҲбҪġԳͶΪͶΪǸ԰ǻܹũͬ־ڹ԰Ѽ۷䡣ⶼǹ԰ӵĶͶʡũͬ־ڶڿǮġ
ʱũͬ־ĺġһ㣬Ҳġ
ͱ綫ɽϰͶһʵҲ࣬Ƕ㡣
ΪʲôΪԼǮ
֮ǰֵʳѹͻ˶Ǯһܾ꣬׬˸Ǯάһֲѡ
ЩǵĺȫĽ쵼
ֹĺô
ԿϳƳԿɳ
Ŀ쳧ȥҲõġ
ȻǺڵȻæˡ
ũƷ۹˾ڻڳһˮƷ۹˾רŶۡ
Ҳ˽⣬Ǻͺܶҵϵġ۷治⡣Ȼñ֤á


424 424
Щֻ񵥷һ顣
黹ûüϸĹ滮, ʱҲܵչļƻ
Щ
˶̸ȥ
Цŵ̸Ϊʱ硣һҲûϸĿ⣬֪ʺЩƷֵĹ, ǱߵĸɲǲܳеЩص
ǿ϶ģξĺܴ󡣡
Ҿ͵ǵĺϢˡⲻҪΪǣҪ뷢չ, ͱߵ̡
ڱϰǻ, ǰǶԻڸɲҲ̬ȣⲻ, ׼һЩϸĹ涨Ҳ˵ʤĳɹҲҪвܵĽӰάġ
ͷ
Ƕ⡣ԼҲġ
Ц, У, ǻڿ϶Ҳǰ׼ġʱǻǺͶɽ, ṩһЩɲæô
ˡ, Ҳϣõⷽİ
оʵ̫ѵˡ
һϸĻ̸, ȷ֮ķչ·ӡ
ɢ, ٺλ͸Ͻȥ, ȥ֮Ҫ￪ᡣ
Ȼ˵ٺԽк˭֪, ǰ϶õġ
ûɽѾǰ
ѹܴ, ³Ϊһˡ
ںͶɽǵѹ̫ˡ
رǻչ̫ˡ
ÿڣǶܸоı仯
һһ仯
ΪЩѹ, չĴ̫ã쵼ʮּᶨıʾҪ
ϵµĵ
ףͿʼкҵڻĸˡ
෴﹤ܽᣬǰҪɶˡ
ں¶ⲻǻûӰȻҲҪǰ׼ˡ
׼ҲúܡϾҪĻǳͶĿкܳ׼ʱ䡣
Զ߸˵æܽṤȻʼֵ׼Źꡣ
ĴڱȰ껹Ҫ磬һ¶ʮźžͿʼˡ
ǰεǣԼεȫһӲ칤ҪǹĻɲĹ
ڵĳɼĿõģԾĻڸɲȷʵ渶˵ģΪ쵼Ҳֻϰգĸɲǡ
÷ñ
ûɲǶܵ쵼ǵĹʺ֮ŰĵĹꡣ
һһꡣ
ֻСԪȥҪ·ӳԶˡ
ѧ˵ҡСצץȻͰְèè
źõӣЦĲˣڻࡣСϵ£㻹¡
Ԫ̵İӣĸŮֵĿģҲ΢΢һЦ
ԪǲǾʹԪϷˣ
ʵ
Ԫһ㶣Ȼͷš
Ц뼸ʦɲ첻µزµӡ
ԪģҴԽ̡
ҪˡСħǺֵġ
ԼŮô˵ɱϲˡܰ˸ڻˡ
Ԫ鿴ţЩζ
ʦɴû񿴹
תһ룬۰ӵ񣬻Ҫͺӷֿôã϶ǳѹ
Ҫ۶뼸ˣúɡ
ЩĶҡͷæʱҪӰࡣڼֻͱķһҲá
ֲܺԪһ߹
Ļ϶ãںӳɳûЩҲǿ󡣿ԸӺõģܲΪԵʣ˺ӡ
˵˵ģû¡ҷżˣȥǡʱˣҲҪؼҵ𣿡
ԣпվͻӻԪŵ
Ԫſϣ裬Ԫؼҡ

Ĵʮ극ҲǺһƳǳԵġ
ȥҶˣԲҲˡ
ҶǸԭûлؼҹǣһҲΡ
극֣ԪһԱصĹ˾Ͼٰ˼򵥵Ľʽ
Ϊ¶ֵĲˡ
骻˷Ǯ
극Ϳһػڡ
·ϣ߿ߵһġ
ЦǺ£Ժиˡ
˵ҲǡЦЦȻ˵Ҷɼˡ
骵Ǽ򵥣ͷҺ˵һ͹ˡ
˿ȣʲôһˡ
骲ͷȷʵˣȻΪԵʣ忴ᣬϸǿԿһЩǸ͵˵ĳʵġ
ҲãͲ󡣡
Ͳ󣿡
š
ǣ飬ҪҶ󣬻ῼ𣿡
һ⡣
ʱֻ˵ĺ
˺һ骲Цֲ׼Ҷˣˡ
һＱˣôˣ㻹ᣬСء
ǿЦ֪ҵģҽ顭ˡûҪˡ
һӲɲͣ·ߣôûҪˡûҲҪܲҪˡ
ʦ˵ˣԼҲҡɡ骵

׼úһĵеļᶨʱЩΣս˷̣Ȼ
ֻһ·ϣû˵ˡ
صϣ骾³ˣƲֵĿųͣҵſڡ
ӣΪҪ˴ӣԼһԪźſ档
Ԫͺˣ
Ԫ̧ͷȷʵˣֱӵ꣬ú÷ż٣ǡ
⻰žˡ
Ԫһ¡
ţ˵
˵ҪŮͬ־Ҷһô찡
Ԫ׷Ҳ൱бµġĻ֮£ֻλ⡣
Ԫԣɫôܻ֪Һ񵱳ǻкøУһˡ
ֱһ¡
ԪôҲЩİҲûô飬˵˵
Ȼû飬ҾãԴŮʿҪľĺϸġŬ˽ȻֲиȻҲҪᣬҪעһȡ
һзˣԪлл㣬̫ллˣ
ϳˡ
ˮȣȥˣոͬ־ˣôûˣ
ԪȥˡһЩѡ
ģ϶ǺҪ¶ʲô𣿡
Ԫ鵭ҲûʲôǸ鷽顣׷㣬˺ܶ˼;ʾ顣
Ԫǰ¶һȣǾ飿ҲңҪȻô
˵ֺ棬ĸ飬ƽʱҲû˭󰡡
Ԫƽʱʱ࣬ҲСῼЩ
Ҳ֪˭񽫿ӰڷźãɼҲãҪȻܾǱǵˡҪɼˣҾ͸һظǷӣҲɼҵˣҲŮͬ־ġҪԸ⣬һܸ࣬ܲûûֵĸҵ˾ˣʱ۵ñʾʾͬ־ǰȷʵܴġչ˾Ͷչ˵㡣
湦ˣﶼܴõġԸ磬һֱ˾ְڣʵ̫ˡ
ԪΪԪ˶ʮ꣬һЩɷݷֺˡȻҲ࣬һҲʮɡ㹻ˡ
ɲһԱһֱˣ˱İȫܰܶ顣ܹõΣ˵ġˣҲǾԻᱣ֤ġ
񣺡⻹вࣿͷԪǺˡһʮ򡭡
֪ͬ־ʸߣͲ֪˼⹤ʱ߳ôô࡭


425 425
Լ̫, ȻһԼʸôôˡ
⹦ǶȻƶϵϰհɡ
ʼϰˡ
ٺ쵼ǱҪæ, һûꡣ
ڵȵϰ࣬ǾŶˡ
Ǹݸ꣬ʵ̸¶
ǿбġ
ǰ˺ܴĶϵ½жһε
⶯󵽲ѹס, ֧ǵ, Բܹɹɲλ
Ƹˣ׼ǵЦ˭ҲǸ㷢չ
ᶨ
Ҳı̬, е֮ȱˡλһڽ˰
ƺǵ, ǻùˡ
ûЦ, Ȼ¶, ǻڿ϶Ҳ˵㻰ġҽ, κ, һС顣
֮ǰͶɽġררһľ, Ȼšֲ¶, ۶۾ͽרҵ˰졣ⷽļר¶ǮСô
Ҳ˾ĵˡİ, Ҳɴ, Уǣо, ¶ǣͷ
껹û꣬Ϳʼæµˡ
ٺҪæ˿ղ飬ղ鹤
ɲѡһЩԸȥ֧Ԯɲ
Ҫ˲١ֲ֮ǰڶûа¶ЩûоġһѶȡ
Ϊ֮ǰĸɲǴ󲿷ֶûģڵҲһʣԺܶ˶֪һλս΢ЩɲǶμӡ
˻١
ȻҲ̫ȥϾڵĹҲ벻ˡֻǶĻᣬûҪȥ̫ࡣ
Ǹɽ˸绰˵
˼Ҳ˳ǶɽɽֲҲܲģΪ԰Ż㹤Ĳɲȥ˲žҪڲϵʵжġ
ҲĶˣһɲһҲѧ㶫
Ժɽ¸·Ӹḻࡣ
ϾֳķҲ֪ġܹԪչȻǶԪչá
ǻںͶɽѡһˣ֮󣬾ͱٺˡڸ˽
Щ쵼һרС顣
ȻǣҲʺϹܾϵ¶֮ĺģҲо飬ԱƾΪС鳤Ǹ鳤쵼СԱ
С֮ᡣ
ʹһ̽˻ٺδķչġ
Ǿ·
ֲΪȻٶԪչĿ
ˡѼȵͳɱڶ̣ǮĿЩˮԴḻģҲѧϺз
ֵһǣûɽͻʲôͶʡ
ǹ˽ֲֳ
Ҳܳ֡
һĿǰֲ㣬㼯ͶʣҪ
ڶڳҲζ֮ڶҪȴģʱ׳⡣
磬쵼ˣ԰ֻûгɹʱһô죿
쵼ͻȻֹˣֻʳô죿
԰Ϊ˽˲ƲũǲԼȨ
⣬Ϊ˹ũͬ־ֲΪӦýһЩֻһŹûнڣÿũǮ
һСԱˡ
ֱӸϰǮ
Ϊ¸⵽ͷΪֵģ
ȷе˵ΪֵġԺˣ˰գô÷չʵҲû٣ҪǸ
ȻЧܺþˡԼֶ˸Ǯɾ֣
ҪȻ⿿һֱʳϰȥֹ˭⣿
⻰رֱס뻹ǵġϾֹȷʵҲǱȽġòرԡ
֮ǰߵļ徭ΪͥаΪھԼͥΪˡһ᲻ᵼ´ƶԽԽ󣿡
иɲмָṩ֮󣬻רŵΪֻҪǲرˣǿԸԣġȻԣĳ̶ȿ϶ģҲǸơ¾ǼͶʣҲͶʵĶ࣬ͶʵءĲ⶯ɵƶ󡣾ͿظɲôˡǵҪĿǴľƷչá
Ҳǵ쵼֮ķΧҲһˡ
֮ǰ糤ʱһ¸ƶ⡣ǳΪ쵼֮Щ޷˵ġ֤Ǵ󲿷˵档С˵⣬͵ýظɲˡ
ͼͶʱֹũ˽ֲֳȻҪһЩٲҪܶ֯š
Ҫ֪ÿ㼯ͶʣǶԻɲҪҲǺܸߵģ͵þḻҪȻ˶㲻塣
ɽ֮ǰͻרŸѵѵĻơ
չĴģʽƶ֮ʣµ¶Ҫרҵˡ
绪ٺʺʲôĹֲⶼҪרҵʿָġ
ⷽǵõԪߵİ
׶ǸѵѧУйڹ԰ֲѵࡣ
սǱѧļȻصռ͸԰ֲġ
ЩʦǵԪؽƸġ
ЩҲǴӹĹ԰ֲʮַḻļԱ
һᣬԪͰ˹ˡ
ȻҲǰˣҲҪǮģ߹ˡ
ҲæҶˡҵ֧Ԯũ彨衪ԪƳǺ͹ôĿò
ԪЦŵΪԪҪƳ⻹ûֳĹǰƣ
ţԴӽ֮λԽԽˣúˡ
жУܱǵӢۺãǲǣôԪίأе涼С˵ԴԪͨѶ֮ǿǺþûкˡôҲúú
Ԫ鱻ô˺壬㡣
רŶӵļ룬⹤ľȷˡ
ٺӵĻɲǵûţֹ֮ǰҲҪڴȻũͬ־ȰѼѼֳѧ
˼ҲҪ
嶼ڸѵ࣬ѧϰ
ûʲôϰղιֱۣڻƬȻõȥѲزš
ũ廹ûռʱ¶ƬҲʮ˵ġ
ȫŮٶˡ
ȫ˶ǲԶĻǶô
õ
Ƿŵĳ˵ǻúԼͬһ¶ȥĽȥʡ
ͬǻڣЩ˻Ǵӻڼ޹ġЩ˵ݻڻء
û취Ľˡ
ڷ֮˳İѶɽġرǶɽֳǳȺᣬÿȼˡ
Ƭ֮󣬴ĻɲͿʼͨ㲥ˡ
ͬ־ǣ¸ԣũ塣ǰ棬ɽҲѾˣھʣˡҶżѾʼͻںҪҹϻĺˡֻҪҺºϣҶܹӡ
ڻڻ˸ɲǴˣԴҪ֯ģŵߣһôҹԣ
ûĸɲڹ㲥潲
ɲ緢ڹ㲥Լ
˵ԼԻڵĸɲ˻ڽҵзḻľ顣õ֯ΣŴ¸
ʽԼЩô϶˯ˡ
һ϶̸Żڣ̸Ŷɽ̸Լڵ쵼ô¸


426 426
ٺȥ, רҲȥˣĻҲʼΪδ֮¶׼
ϾǸģܲһôûС
ڵĺô, ￪ˮ۹˾ˮйصĹ
ԹũƷҵΪĹҵӷḻϵעµ
ҲΪڣˮֹ˾һЩ׼
֮ǰ绰÷̸ֹ˾¶
÷ˡ
Ϊ˾, Ҳרˡֱˡ
ҲѺ칫, ȻһЩ¶
ˮֲ¶˵ˣû۵ܹ֤ô
÷, ںСҲںкܴİ, ȫм˵ꡣ
Цû뷨Ҳ˵ꣿ
÷ҡͷ, û, ΪũƷ˾ҪĿĻƳǸũƷΪ, ٷĸ, ǿûǸҲδС
Ҳͬ, ƳũƷ˾Сʻǲһġ
С׬Ǯռ͵ϰΪ, ƳǵĿǰƳϰ׬Ǯ
̸̸ڻڽֹ˾¶ӦҲ, ƳǱԽԽ, ҵڻߣɽĲƷҲȾڣҲʡһͨ
÷ͷ, ҲڿЩ⡣ǹ˾ĲƷ󲿷ֶҲǻṩģԿֹ˾Ҿǿеġ
ͺЦãǽͰ¶̸̸
ֹ˾ĿģҪֹ˾뻪ԼٺǩЭ飬δ۵ˮȹũƷֹ˾Э飬δ쵼λô䣬ⶼоݿġ
ǽһЩ쵼̨׵ȥٻǰ쵼ǩĺͬЭ顣Ҳڵ׷ˡҲΪδ¸õĻ
⣬ʵҲĽũƷ˾Ƶ˵ףûзģƳǳͻϲΪһ뷨ӻڵҪԡ
˾칫һ磬Ͱѿֹ˾¶ȷˡ
¶ʵҲѣôܹ˾ֻҪ߰ųغ˾ˡ
ӪĲƷҲٷ˼͸𻨸ũƷˡ
Ҳ⿪һũƷ˾ѡó÷߿ֹ˾ԭʡºܶ¶
Ӵ磬Ͳȥˣֳɵġ
¶ֻǣ˸ͷúȥˡ
÷Լȥ緹
Ԫ鲻ڼСԪڼ棬ˣ˵ЦȺ衣
÷̡
ԪҲһ
÷̵.
ҲԪȷʵܹԡȻżƤǴ󲿷ʱܶ¡ССһӣҲ
÷ʵҪȥ׶԰𣿡
أ²ꡣһŸ¡ԼԪЦҲϣȹְְϷǱ߹˳ˣҪˡ
÷ȣӲһ𣿡
ûʱչ̾Ҳһڼ
⻰÷Ҳһ£ҲĴˡ
ݺСʱһڼһֱڣԼѧԼؼҡȻҲ˱ķԼȴʱ麢ӡ
÷ţݰְֵû¶ûܹĳɹҵҲڼ㺢ӡ
ûѾԼҵͲЩֻڼˡΪΪݹɾ˸𾴵ĵλԼĿꡣûҵĸо̫ˡ
ڵ顣
οͨѶܷ㣬Ժÿ绰Ҳһġ
Цһﻵúܣرϲӵ绰
ԪȻû꣬Ѿʮִˣ˵СüͷԪ
ãԪõı
÷Цź
ҲЦ
Էʱ˹⡣
÷Ǹ͸¶˵¶Ҳ֪ǲҶˣϴȥʡ̸⣬ʡǵ쵼Ĺ̸˺ʡز˾¶
ʡҲԼز˾ĵλ˵زʵҲǸũƷֻǴһЩɻ
ȴƳũƷ˾Ķࡣ
ʱҲãĸ֮ǰϵλ
ǷŵĲôڳϱ
߳ԷʵҪȥ㵣ʲôְ񣿡
÷ҡͷҲҲûңҾ;ǲˡ
Ҫл͹ȥˣڴƽ̨áߵϰϴ󣬲ϰ߳ȥˡ
Ƴط˵׻̫Сˡ
ƳǵũƷ˾ֻƳߵģʡũƷǸʡġƽ̨һ
÷Цǣ۽绹еģȥʡ˵ˮƿģҲġ˵ţɫҲԼҲȷʵȥߵøһ㡣
ʵһԸܸṩ
֪֮ⱲӶ֪ôˣߵԶ㡣
δ϶ֻڻڵģղʡģֻʡȥˣпܰﵽ
ǲ֪Щ뷨΢΢Цߵøߵ㣬ǾټӰѾˡ
ڵķֹ˾ܿͿʼˡ
Լ๤¶չʮֿ졣
żʱ䣬ӳѡַԱ䱸ȫˡ
ʣµľǺܹ˾ӹڻߵĹˡ
⣬ٺǱҲ˺Ϣרҵķͽ飬ȫֲ٣ٺֲƻ
ȷ֮ҲæµˣȫΧֲԼ㸱ҵ¶
֮ǰ̵棬ˮֲвģÿֲɹһ֮ǰÿ겹ëǮ
ɱСëǮũҪֲϼҼһֲüٿá
òһˡ
ڻҹǰˣ˹ʶԭĶʮǵڵ߰ʮһٶũͥ˵ʮֿɹ۵ˡ
⻹ڹ԰Ѽĸҵء
ǿⲹķϣũǾԸֲˣرǻ̸˹ֳɹ֮ĳ룬Ķˡ
ڳһ㻹ֳɵİռ͵Ĺ֣ÿ붼ΪλġΪռ͵Ĺ֣Ҳʮˡͨũ׬ٵ㣬һ꼸ǧ϶еġ
ֲ¶ܿõϰյӦ
Ψһľǹ԰⡣ضǷɢģҪֹ԰ܲɢ֣͵µˡ
ҲΨһȽѵ⡣ũҲǵһˣԶڴɲ˵ȻЩѣȴҲǲ
ܵĶԣĹչʮ˳
Ϣϴ΢õ㰲ο⼸һֱµûţΪԪִ绰ˣѾǱߵĹˣﺢӵķ䣬ҪõһӦƷԪļͥʦҺˡ
ҪԪˡ


427 427
ΪԪܹ뿪¶, °֮Ҳ˺ЩϷ¶
Ȼ󽲵˺Ͱְһ
Ϸķӻܴ˻ݲݣóԺĶС
𿴺ӺС, ֪ʵöġ
ְÿ춼Դһȥϰࡣ㲻ְ𣿡
Ҫ衣Ԫ
Цһڣְڼҵʱ˵ְ֣˵ҪͰְһ𣿡
ΪСӵԪѡ񡣡ְ趼Ҫ
ܣֺЦ, а, 蹤æڼҲ谡ô죿
Ԫ죬۾ˮĿ
СԴ, ԪһҸĺ, 㻹аְһֱء費æʱҲȥ㡣費úùܶ, Ժְ趼ˡΪҪȥԶĵط򹤡
ȥ, Ͱְ, ȥϷ, ԶԶ
ǵİְ趼ܴһ, ԪİְֻܴԪһ𡣡
ҰְҲԪ, Ԫһ𣬰ְһ湤ôأְֻڱޡ
Ԫ, ְ֡
ЦĶͷ, ǰԪҪְ֡żˣҲȥԪ
Դ, 񼸺ÿҪظЩ˺ü죬ԪϷˣԪҲŰְ֣Ҫȥְ֡
ƺѾҪȥϷְֵʵˡ
ԪȥϷҲ࣬ĹĶںƣҲѹ൱Ĺ
⼸ȥϷᣬ˽⼯ڲˣҪԪʦչˡ
ź֮ϻˣ۵Ķ˼֡
ŶˣԸ塣
Ȼ¶˴ͷ¶棬Ԫȷʵе˾󲿷ֵѹڻǰһ¹ĸҹӣչ˺ϸܵ
ҵ׷˼ͥ
ܹһغİ£úˡ
꣬һȥϷɣǵǸ档

ǵطȻûȥ
ϸ˵ǲԪĵ̡׶Ԫլֻһլ
ԪЦιȥҷֲָѣѾˡ
۾ˣȻԪԪûȥ˿ժˡ
ԪҲŰְֵĲӣЦ
Ԫڼ죬Ԫ΢Ӧһ㣬ԵôæˣŴ뿪
Ķû˼ƽʱϲߡһֻչӤʦͱķҲˣְֻչ
һ·͵͵ʡǡһֱǽɻҪȥϷɻ˲ͣˡ
Ԫûи˼
ûϣͳɤӿʼˣһ߿ޡ
Ԫ鱧ţֱ뿪ߡ
Ͻ˵绰ȥǱԪڳѾûкˣû˵Ȼҵ˵绰۾ᣬֹס䡣
骿ֽ
۾߰ɣ
һֱ˳ѾԼһˡûٿޣһ˱Ŀ񡣼ȻѾѡͲԼһֱֵ档ҪϽԼָúù
Ҳû̺ӡ
ӺӾ濴һۣҲû˵ƽȵĿų
ؼҵʱѾˣûԣȥϢˡҪ飬ÿչͺ骵ҲȥϢɡæ
骵ͷͳˡ
ʱš˶һۣ骵ͷˡ
Դ˼֮£ǻ϶һ
ÿμ棬骾;ıܿһ񶼲
Ҳ׷ˣرǴԪǱ߶ѧˣҪĺϸģһֱĵĶ骱ʾԼ⻹ڵ뷨һҲûôȥӰŮͬ־
ûʲôˣͺס骣骣ҲˣʵͦõġҲٺܶෳաٺúÿһºȻ˵Ԫźӹܹ֤ܹһֱһ
Ҫǿңܸܲң׿һ㣬Ҹģ𣿡
ϵ
ĺϲ骡Ůͬ־ӹﶼ͸һ;
骽ŵĶ˶촽ңҡ
˵һ㡣
ƽĶۣͦá
úãԸáΪҲܺá
˵һЩڡ
ΪԷ̫ãԼ־Щ¶
ûٳɼҡһ飬Ůˡ
ԱԼԱĵϣʵԱġ
Ǹͬ־Ҳ뿼ЩҡͷȻᶨˡ
׷ȥʣֵ˷
ԪҲ˵ôաܾò׷ȥҲã᲻ҳû׷ȥˣ᲻ᱻ
ԪģǿԪҲ鲻ãҪǷָأûк˼ȥʡ
ڿǳˣ
ܹǷյ¶˵ǵġ
ڶһ磬֪ͨ쵼ᣬ׼չɲĹ
ڱϾˣɲ֯ǹܵġֻչˡ
õľҲҪԺŷչҪȻֵ
ʱ򣬴ǰѹϵ¶㱨һ顣
ǻڿԺ˵һ䣬ƳǼǰˡǺͳǱȣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ҳ׷ˡ
ͼ⻰ϲЦտɡһжǴһġ
ǰƶĻѾչˡ
Ҳˣκ鶼ٲ˲ţرǻĸɲ̫ҪˡΪҪԸɲ
ǣǸⷽ湤ģ
Ǻദֹȷĸ֧ˣ׷׸͡
֮ǰߵʱѾչ˸ɲ˹ЧǳãͿ˵ǳЧš
ȻҪʲϹǡھǵǱ
ڣҪǣҪǵǱһ˵֪ʶ޵ģǲھ֮ͲˣΪɲҪ˼롢ѧ鼸
˼棬ǿ԰ȥĵУⷽʵѾˣֻ￪٣һὨ࿪ࡣ
ҲѾˣȥ֧ԮҲǻ۾顣ҵڼһ쵼ĸɲл㹤顣ǴģҲȥʵϰ¡Ǿô
ԼߵĻ˵氲ŵܲࡣ
Ŀ඼ԲˣʲôĹȥ£˽ɲĹģʽ˽Ϲָӵ߸ɴ౻ƭ֪
һ飬ǣ򳤣һһ幤Ӳ죬ʵʵ˽⵱ϰյ仯
ˣİѻɲϰշˣһ㶼ɵġ
ίû֪
ͷ
ҲҪԺÿ쵼һҪӲһΡ
ûˡ
˵صˣǹڸɲѧ
ڶ֪ǺӽġڵĹ糤ʱ򣬾ͺˣ͸ǵġÿľ۾գҲգһµġ
ȻЧҲܲ
뻨ڵĸн֮ѧԶĸеѧʣ׷ϳƸˡ
Ҫ֮ǰũСѧӱѧʻ׷ϵġ
ɲѧǺܲġ
ڿչʱ򣬺ܶϸɲСѧѧһ̰塣
ܶ˾öûãʵϣһǱĬĸıǺҪġ
˼ϣ۽棬кôġ
ģɲΪҪȥޡڲг˸߿Լ࣬ԸɲѧѡԼѧɲѧȻ߿ѧ뻨ʱȥѧģѧҲһ£һ¡֯ԵѵԼѧҪʡʱʡ
ÿϴѧҲҪӣˡҪ˳ɼĸɲ


428 428
ΪίǺĵһԼְΧڵľ, ûһӾ͸̫涨̫ĸı䡣
׼ѭ򽥽һĴٽɲǵ
ʵЩߣǿᣬͿһڡŽϸá
ϾȻͳһԵĶǻɲ, ʵʲҲҪϸָȥġ
ɲѧϰʱ򣬹ôš
ɲǷԵõ޵ĻᡣⶼҪŵϡ
ϸ趨֮ͷ˹ڸɲѧϰĹ涨
涨Ҫ󻨸Ļɲиѧ, ûиѧ, Ҫ֯ĸɲѵࡣ
ѵѧĿĿȻͨвһǹҪõ֪ʶ
Ȼ涨ѧﵽеĸɲοɲѧ, ˸߿ԼȡÿĴѧ
֮ܶ, Ƕѧ
һЩ׷ɲ鼤, Ļŭš
˭ûһѧΰ, ˭뵱ѧ㲻ȥѧУѧϰ, ܹõһѧҵ֤ҲǺõİ
δְ, ǶǺҪġ
رֿĻ̶ȵĸɲ, ѧѧ̫Ҫˡ
ǰǹæ, ȻҲЩֻ޴롣ָ֯, ѧϰǾʡ¶ˡ
Ϊ֧ѧϰ, λĹҲ·䣬Ǹѧϰʱ䡣
һʱ䣬ɲǶڵصйزŽѯ
һЩѧûеĸɲʶʱͬ, ǹȥһʱˣٲѧϰˣҲҧȥѯнްࡣ
ǵᵽ֮ǰϰǲɨä࣬ѵˡ
Ϊ˻ĸá
ѧϰ¶ǣ˭ҲӲǲˡ
æ֯һѧϰʱҲȥѧϰѧȡѧԡ
ҲԸȡҲ֪㲻ڻ㹤۵ĳɼȽϳԿ
Կĵطˡ
ã쵼Ҳɼ
骵ǣˣѧԣøƾͺˡˣҲʺȥѧ
ͬﲻʺˣ˵ʮͷʮʮˣѧȥ
ˣڸϲѧ¶ͲˡǸʱ䣬ûǸˡ
ǵ߿ָһᣬ϶˵ȥѧˡ
ǻҲһѧΡ
ľ¶ˣԼҲûǸȥѧУѧϰˡ
ѧУڶһȺʮʮˣҲ
׷¶϶ǲµģԾѧԡ
þҲûȰ
ѡҲûÿÿζԼҪ¡ˣʱкܶᡣҲÿڹҳѧԵѧˡԺٿҲǿԵġ
ҲУùʱѧϰ
ȻҪĹǼѾˡ˰칫ҸΡҲС£ճ
骵ͷ
̸깤ϵ¶ͿʼԼˡ
ͷˣһֱʡͲǺܿʵһˣڸĬˡΪǹѣԼʱܵġϾǳˡ
ԼҲæ֮ǰæԪæҲûڳʱ骡
ڹôˣ骻ӣбҪػһˡʲô⣬ôˣû
ԼϾֱ쵼ԼĵҲҪػġ
ЦʵǲǸѹܴɫЩء
һ㶣ȻϽҡͷûУǡԼ顣
ʲôѿԺ˵ֱ쵼ȻҲǿġ֯ÿһѵͬ־
һůǣлл
Цһʲôûأ˵ʲô¶
骵˵ܾÿ˿ڡ
ʵҲͦõǵָġ
һĺܳɹŮԡĽǣҲ
Ҳû˵¶Ͼ̧ͷͷģ֪֮ȥʱΡ
͵ǣ˵һٳɼ𣿡
Ϊǹϵ¶û뵽ȻǸϵ¶
ôô˳ָⰡ
һ˭ţʦ
뵽һ骣ͻȻͶϺˡ
ԼЩĹͷ˵㡣
ȻҲпɡɫʵôǣȻܡԸԸ¶ΪһɲôԼ뷨Ҽǵ֮ǰ㻹͸ء
骵ҽ飬ҡ
죬û뵽ǸȥqjǸ骣뷨
ʱŮԵ˼뻹ǲš
ͬ־Ҳ˵ֱ˵ʵģΪ֮ǰĻ˵һȱ㣬ص˵һȱҲС㣬ȱݵˣܽ𣿻涨𣿡
ҡͷ
Է𣿡
ҡͷ
Ͷˣ˼Ҳϲ㣬ΪʲôͲܽ飿Ȼ㲻ϲǶԷǾ͵û˵
骶˶촽ûкӡ
˭涨ΪӵġҪ֪ÿһ仨ӡӣͲǻˣҪ˵ĸ顣ҽѧˮƽԽԽߣ㲢ģǺ˺˭֪ܲκãûκãֻҪûҲνԼƽʲô
ҪǵĶԷδڣǸõˡΪʱŮԣҪõ𣬷ŵҪסıԶ֯
⻰˵ţԼԪ鴦¶ˡҲհǰ˺šʱȷʵͬΪǣʵγǸԼ˸Ȧأ
Ҫڵ϶ֱӾͽˡ
ʸĻôÿ̸ֺȻȽ˵
ţ鼤ҵ¿ʼ
ҲǸ뷨ģֻҪôһһ¡
ѹԼǣлл㡣
лʲôŮͬ־֮Ķѡˣˣ˭
죬û˵Ǳб뷨ȷȷ˵
ǾͺãֻҪԼϲСͺ˵֯ûк֮ǡ̸ͺϣ̸Ǿ̸¡
סԼİ֮ûʣˡ
ûɶõĵġ
ʦǸ˰ôߵĹʣȻ̤̤ʵʵǸ̤ʵֵˡ
Ҳ֪֪ס
һСģý˵ˡ
ҲȥýˣҲмʲôæ
¶ҪԼһȥͺԪһû˿ȫǸ鷢չһĳ̶ȣȻȻͽˡ
ڸã
ôһ룬Լɷͺˡ
骳ȥ֮͸Ͻŵ绰ȥˡ
ϷУԪܾ칫ڣԪļȥӲķֳڲʱ乤
ȱϻʱʱиС
ò׵˺Ͽʱ䣬ʱЩҪǩ˵ļ
绰ۺЦˣڲæ
æҲҪ绰ġ˵ԪԲԣ𣿡
֮ǰԪ˯Ҫ裬Ҫ绰Ԫ²ź˯ˡһæʹ˽µʱ䡣
ŮԪҲЦˣѾúܶˣʦʽ㣬кóԵ֮תעˡڰ춼ҪϿΣһ˯ˡ
ԣͦۡ
ĺӰͿʼѧϰˡ
Ԫտ쵽ˡôף
ţʱһЩ鲻˼ҵĺһӴѣ֡
ССԪʶһССѣһ
Ԫɳÿһ̡֪ЩѣѧЩ
лҪ˵ôô


429 429
뿪칫֮, ѾȻˡ
ǰ벻ͨĵطڶˡ
ҲԼ֮ǰ̫ţǼˣ̫Լˡ
Եͬʱ, γ˼ȺеһΪЩ¶ͰԼˣЩ˵л˲Ҳһ
ΪһɲȻҲ˼롣
֮ͨﻹͦ¡
ǿ, ԼʶЩ˼ٹ, ԺôȥŮԣô䵱һŮԸɲ
뿪֮骾ȥϴּϴ˰, ȻžеԼ
ȻѾˣǸʱ
Ƕʹľ۵㡣ҲΪ, ԲŻɳô졣
ּ˰࣬һ, 骺һ°, Ȼؼҡ
һ, סԵ뷨, ĿбӵĻ˼ҡ
, ʣ骡
ÿҲ, лʩչһԼ׷ж
˿һ, ͬ־, ڻ磬ȥ߰ɡ
ȻߵˣΪ, ԵҲûȫڡΪȣһЩ˳ȥ԰ߡ
߸ɴȥתת
骶ֱӾܾȥġһ´ͷá
ΪҪ֮ǰһܾʧɫҪ¶Ӧ֮һסˡ
Ц˵á

ʱֵЦЦĻмֺ
ĸоʵ֪չ⿴һۣȻͿɵЦˡ
ԡ
Цҡͷ
ڶϰ֪࣬Ǵˡ
ȻûкԣżüаﲨͿˡ
Ȼȥ칫֮骾ͺˡ
˾ʹˡ
Ҫװ֪Ⱦһ£ȻЦԭͬ־Ҿûʲôǲĵˡλͬ־˼붼ܳ죬ΪҲһ£ֻҪϺϵǾ֮ϡ
˵֮Цϲˡͷҵúϲơ
磬ѵõĲ˼
֪ˡ
ҪԤĲϲҲǿ˵ġ
¶֮Ҳμѵ࣬ѧԣ׼Լѧ
ҲΪ֪ԭҲѧģǹľУ
֪һ㣬ûԲλ࣬ǸîסҪѧѧˡ
ڿչһӵĽѵ֮ܽһЩˡ
ֻȱݾǸߵȽԴ
ѧиУǾûѧ
ֹûУƳҲûС
ϾǰƳǾһضѡ
֮ǰûⷽĹԵûȱ㣬Լ˲֮󣬾оˡ
дѧȫѵڴѧչһЩҵγҲס
ϾѧֹһѧĵطųѧϰԴرǽʦġ
뷨Ϳʼתˡ
ԼܾǸ˵ˣ˲ûѧУ
ⲻý
ǽѧǴ¶뻹С
Ͱɲҹ¶ˡ
ǣѧֹϵɲǹϵؾ÷չ
ڵĸɲŵˡ
ɲ
˵ˣǮ
Ψһľ;ԼˡսĹǾҪѧˡ
Ĺ˰
˫޳ɡ

̫ˣЩʵ᲻𾢶
رҲ֪뷨϶ȷġ
ΨһҪʵǮҹ̻ѡ
ǾôõദҲˣκѶֽϻ
Ҳ׷׾ͬһߡ
ãܺãܹŽᣬѧ߳˵һˡ

ĵλڴ㷢չʱ򣬻ڵҪڸɲˡ
ȥ￪㱨ϰ깤ܽʱ㱨ԼĹʱҲҪ㱨ⷽĹ֪ڽҪͦȡ
쵼Ҳȡ
ǶԻΪĿǰ׷ʹ㷢չ˼һѹͲżĸѵء
ǵǲ㾭ˣ
ҲչõģֻҺͺһɽͬ־ǣ˲Ϊ÷չΪҪ֮ǰԴ
ͷ
ﵹǺ棬ڵǺҲûں
Ͱ̸ˡ
ãҲ׼̸̸ġ
̸ʲôأ̸ѧ¶¶⻨ڿ϶Ǹ㲻
Ҫȷʵ̫ˣܶ¶ûʸ񡣱С
ûżڣǽ
Ǻ˿裬ŵôͻȻɲˣҼǵǻڵĸɲͦõġҲѧ
һǣôģǾòϷչ˲ҪԽԽˡЩɲ㣬㣬ǵ֪ʶҲ޵ģھ˲ûǵ߿ɳչ·ǲͣĹ֪ʶ
ǵͷܿǵЩҲܲġ
Ҳû취¶ǻϾǸСطЩͬ־ȥ˸ҪĸλˣλʣµľͲˣֻԼ
νĥ󿳲񹤣۰˲ˣͲľòչˡ
ǾǵҲͦԣ͵һ㣬˲׿ɼ
㾭ãĿܿݡ
˲̫ͳˡ
ϣλܹ⣬ʱʱ׶ˡ
˲ҪҲ¡ͬ־Ժ·ء
ԣʶֱˣ쵼⻹йõõ׿Ϻ֧֡
Ժοº͵ʲôᣬܰǵȻ
ǻڰһѧ
ǲǺˡ
ѧܰģ
ҪԴɲٰ
ƤҲ˵ˣƳǵƤȱǮҪܶġҪĻ˲ԴѧʦɲӴ
ǣƳڷչԽԽˣҲԽԽˣδ϶ҪѧģǾֻרδר϶ǲġ˼ЩѧƾʲôСطֻԼѧлסЩ˲š
ǣǹڵǧﰡ
Ȼ˵δѧˣҲǶʮԺ¶ˡ
̫ȱ˲ˡ
ҲС¶ҪӸпǡ
Ҳͦˣǣôġ˴ѧ֮󣬳һ֮⣬ǵĸɲѵԱѵܷѧСδɲ˲ţסʡΪɶͲȱ˲ţдѧ
Ƴǵ̫ˣ˲ţֻܾԼȻǿ϶УûñȣһЩͨѧҲҪá
˭һдѧĳеġء
Ҳ밡رᵽʡǵʱĽˡ
ʡ棬һˮĴѧ
˼Ҹձҵͷֹȥˡ
Ƴÿ궼ѵ÷ּ
νߴߣ˼лᣬɲͶдλȥ
̾˿ʵô֧֣
ѧ¶ȥ룬ûȨޡ޽ѧУʽǻԸͷ
ϾҪڻڵģǮǵóҪȻûƳͬ־ˡ
ЦˣҲԽִˡ
һţǽߣ϶Ҳֵ֧ġû׼ʽⶼҵ;
ǣʲô;ȻҪˡ
˿ȣЦ¶һܴ㡣úϺҲţóļƻύúһ¡
Уһȥύƻ


430 430
ʵƻͿʼ, ѾˡֻܲñֵԼʲô˲ź쵼˵Ҳûó
ֽ֮һЩ޸ġ
˳ڻĽתһ£ʺϸǴѧ
ѧռع, ĿյصҲࡣ
ѡƳǵ·ڵλá
Ϊδϲ׼
ѧҪǽڻڣȻҲҪչȫеˡ
죬ȥｻƻˡ
ߣǺͺгѾ̸¶ˡгΪһϺˣȻûᷴ˵˻, ѧҲһ顣
Ǿ;ѧ, δƳǵĹĿ϶ڴѧߵġµӰ콨⡣
гȰĿǰƳǵķչǺܲģлڴͷ, һƬ١ͺ˵δչ϶Ҫ˲ŵġ
ôһȰ, Ķǣƫˡ
ǵƻ֮, Ŀ, ߿ߺۡ
ѧʡǵĴѧ£
ʵ൱ںѧƳڽʡǲ໹Ǻܴ, ΪơҪǳΪǸѧԺ, δû϶ġ
˵˾Ǳȡ
ȱǮ, ȱԴ, úһ¡
ǵδǶҲйȨġ
Ц, ҪԸ, ҵȻҲԸǹܵġרҵ˸רҵ¶ֻҪѧڻھˡ
ֵҷǿСطｨУ
⻰ɲͬ, ٲãҲԼĵ̣ʲôСطƳСҲ˿ġУȺʡѧϵˣһʡ
ϲ˼ͬˣ
ǣǸﵱȻֹˡҲҪ׼ýѹ
ûģۻڵͬ־ϲѹĹˡѹж
̾ȥˡ
ǰŸĸкһȥʡǴѧһˡ
ʡǼѧãƴѧõġ
Ҳѡͺƴѧ
ƳǸϸг
ΰѧ˵ġĲˡ
Զôô⣬һ·ϺݺݵĿԶ
ﻹʮֵĽ
ʵҲѧģûǸʵ
ѵУɳеѧķáҪ죬͵õõ˵ֲ֧С
ǮҲҪ֧Ԯ㽨裬ֵľûˡҲ
λѧˬΪֱĽۺ졣
ǫ飬ʾⶼ쵼Ľָ֮²е뷨
ϸгЦѹ˵ǫأľġΰѧ׹ҪһûݵͣҶҵλˡ
Цһȱپ飬ҪҪгָ
Ҳ˵׼أû׼һ¥ˡ
ָ
гǾء
ǰʾ񣬺гҪ֮ȥƳ浣ְ
ϾһܲһӣڿġƳڸ㷢չҲܵеĸɲΨһľǺǹݵǸλˡ
ˣҲû˵ʲôֻЦЦ
δ¶˭Ҳ˵׼
ʡǣ˾ֱȥ˺ƴѧ
ѾԼˡ
ѧ滹ء
һѧͬѧںƴѧʦˡ
˼ұҵ֮Уʿ⼸һûš
λѾ˽ڵͬѧæ浹˳˳ġ
ƴѧУҲܴˣҲ·ŹģԹġ
֪ҪѧҲǺܸˡ
˵Ǻƴѧ֮󣬾û̬ˡ
Щࡣ
˶ԺƴѧĸʮġһӾͷںˡ
κƴѧ¶ǲġ
гͽĿǰϸ˵һ
߳ǮֻҪƴѧһЩָǹҿδѧУԴУҲǿԹġ
ͷ
гֵƴѧȻȫΧھҲǺǿġ⿿ҵĲҲ֪ʲôʱܹУǳǮУҲǺƵһᣬ𣿡
ǵʦ϶ǱȲǵģʱѧУô죿
ЦУȻǹҿǡܱĹδѧУչòãڿɿطΧڵġòãһ仰¶ȨǶûģȻҲҪ΢չһߵĹǵԱѵɲѵ׼ڴѧġ¼ȡ϶Ǳ߸ġ
൱гˡ
Уһ£ǼȻԼǮģΪʲôǵһҿأ
Ҫ˵УǺΪɲõԴ⡣ѧУ٣ѧࡣ
֪δô󰡡
֪ھʮڴѧҪֵȼˡһġⲻҲŻûֵʱ򣬱ȣδû׼ᷢչرԺУҲ˵׼
Ҫ⿿Լ㣬϶Ǹ㲻ġ
Ϊ뷨ϸгԼش
һϵУͺĹһƳ֮ǰûо飬Ҳûⷽ˲šҲİ첻ѧУѧɳǿѧУΪܹѧ˲ûоⲻǺһҲҷչǺϵϣܹõʡֺ֧ͰΪó⣬ҲԸ̳ѧУĹȨΨһҪѧУƳǻڡ
ⷬǴԽΪĿĵУ
ȻֹǣǻԸ⽻Ȩȷʵͦгġ
ѧУܣ϶̫ȱٴѧʦҲõģ԰һЩݵʦƸⷢȡʱҲԸѧУһЩУ
ôţУﻹͦĶ
һйȨǣ¹ģǿɲҰˡ
УɲܲģʲôĻ̶ġ
ҵ·ţҲûЩϵҰŸλġĵطܣѧҪô㣬ǾǺ˹һܵġ
ϸгϾ쵼Ҫӡ
ϸгûġҲȻҲԼ̬
ЦҲûɲǶֵ֧ġ
УˣǻҪ飬Ͼ;ȹǴ𸴡
ϸгⰲҲǺ⡣Ͼһ֯ĴߣһܹġߣʲôҲҪ߹ġ
뿪ʡǻȥ·ϣϸгﻹЩֹͬ־˵ǻͬ𣿡
˵ʵ߽ѧЩŵġ
Ҳûѧֻ˸ר
һˣУߵѧﶼġ
Բλ࣬ƳǵطС˼һͬ
ϸгȣʮˡЦҪǲͬ⣬ѧУһҼҵңһԸġʵڲУԼӸɡ
ϸг˵̬Ȼһη塣
ͦĽġ
лҪ˵ôô


431 431
߻ûиϢ, ȴҲûšϾڹ˼Ҵ𲻴ӦѧҪģȰ׼á
ѡַ, ʽ롣Ҫġ
ʹ˸ᣬȻһȺ쵼ڵͼ飬ס
ǰѴѧĵص㶨ˣ·ڱϡͨƳǳ, δϲ, ѧλþ൱ˡ
ԼҲѻľ÷Χ֪һѧĽԵصľÿǺġܱߵľöܴ
ôѧ, òˡ
İ¶صȷ֮, ʽҲʼˡ
ΪѧҲһӾͽġʽ𲢲ҪһóֻҪһר˻, Ȼ涨ÿһʱר˻Ǯ, ֤ʽˡ
ѧĽʽܶ򡣺ӡ
Ǯ൱һʽˡҪǰĻ, ˵, ǼʮóҪ˽ǵġҲ⼸۵Ķ, ԲܹôһǮ޴ѧ
׼, ͺƳǵϵˣ˵ǺУ쵼ҲҪʵؿ졣
ǵ˼, ѧУ, ҲҪȽϺõλáȾþҪӲ
һˡΪڵԴܴѡ
Ĳ˵͹ǽʦԴͺѰš
ЩвŻĴѧʦѡ£Ȼϣܹھ÷չõĵ
һ, 붼ûͬˣʾӭӹ
˵绰ΰˡ
Ҫһ㣬⡣
ҪЩУ쵼ǿڵʵŻڵľ㹻ѧԽԽá
ڵĽֵ޵ǺƯģȫճ׼޽ģһΪ޵ģƳǱ߶Ҫá
ϷϢѡַҲϸҪģûޡ
ԷӴ£ֵ
ϻڵľúã˵һ۾ͲʡǲܱȣҲԲ
ٺЩУ쵼ӡ
һ˵ߣԺͺԼӴǡһ֮ȥϢȱ裬ú̸̸
֮Цһӭǻڿ찡ǿأѧսҲ˸ĽܸߵȽΪҾ÷չס
УҲЦˣôӽĽ϶Ҳܺá
һ㣬ڸɲǵȻǫˡ
Ͱѽĳɼ˵һЩ
绨ڵѧʣ½Сѧͳж٣ѧǶ١
ЩֿǺõóֵġ
ЩЩ쵼ȻҲǶԻڵӡˡ
һܹôӽôãǺܲؼǻԸ⻨ôľȥܽ
֪Ҫ뿼ѧܲס
Ǻ󲿷ֵѧǳģرǴе൱ࡣ
ԴȱϼͥӰ졣Ҫһѧ̫ˡ
УôҪѧҲ˾ˡȷʵӽ
ЦŵǶΪ÷չ벻κθλҪ֪ʶԽ;÷չǱҪͬеġҪڵһλ
⻰ЩУ쵼Цݡ
֮󣬾ͽˡ
ɻŵͼǿ˵ѡַԼƻĽУʽ
һóЩУ쵼ǸǾһ¡
ҪѧСءٲͨһԺУ
֪Щ֮ѧУ߾͸ˣȥʵؿ졣
Ϳʼչʵˡ
һˮСӴһǺܲˡ
ʵǵȻ˷ѣⶼǴӸλġ
عҵЩҵɲЩߡ
ҲûţȻǮҲ̰ͼ֡ⶼǴλġǲȱЩ
ҲһŸˣֻŵǵصĵλ
ڵشλǺܶģóСء
ȥѡַʱֹŻڵǸһȦ
ǰһ
У쵼ʵ֮ǰýƷ
ǰλÿԽȥ
Ϊһ̻൱ÿ
˵䲻ŵĻʡĳЩطеһȡ
ͿԿǺӻġҲܷӳǮ
ѡַصʱƬĵѾȦˡ
һƬĵؾѡеδѧĽַ
ǲֹҪѧУ׼ڸͼݣġԺ½ѧУ߽ͳһ
ôһ˵ߵض˵
ﲻδｨ֮ӡ
δѧУ߻ԼӼͨ·ֱͨʡǺƳǡͶѧУſڡͨԱ
ڿ˵൱ˡ
׵һУ
ʮĶУ쵼˾ˡ
ĵطϽѧУʵ̫۱Уڿȫûⷽѹˡ
һں˵ֱչʵĺûˡ
صңǰСʱʱСʱ֮УǾ͸ȷеĴˣͬƳǺУ
ѧУʽȷʵûʲôڻҪʦ͹ǿԸġ
ѧУṩһͼ飬ԼһЩɵʵģ͵֮ġ
⣬ݽУ룬ƴѧԺƳһύȥͿõ׼
õƵ̬ⷬʮϲ¾㱸ֻˡȻԿʼˡ
¶̸ˣ͸Ƴϸг绰ˡ
¶Ǻܸӵġ
ϸгǺܲ˼ģռ̫ıˡҲûٶ¶ȫȨԼֻҪ֪һеġֻϡ
õ񴫴ĺϢ֮ϸг֣ڰ칫˺ü
ԺƳҪдѧˡ
ȥϢ㱨Ǻͺг
˳ֺƤҪһʽֻ֧ڡ
ҪȻǾûš
ϸгֱӵ
ҾöٻҪ֧Ԯһµġ
ЦİɣǮˡ
ʱҪŻǲǹˣǴȻ˵Ҫ֧֣ʵ֧֡
ûԭ򣬾ͺһ뷨òǮ˼
ǵȻܳԼΪԭֻ֧ڽģԼȫΪڵͬ־ĺܵõҳرע
Ļ֧֣ݽУܿύȥˡ
Ű¾͸ˡ
һ»ϲصĿʼ㽨ˡ
ͼֽƣҹ̶ӣɶǴ
ⷽ棬ͽˡΪһ֣ܶĿڶԼȥţǻɸֹ쵼ǡ
ڳʱ¶
ҲΪ÷֣ԪտҪʱȻܴ漷һʱ䣬ȥԪա
лҪ˵ôôա


432 432
ĸ׵һ, ҲźӳɳûҲҪʱ̡
红ӵÿա
ܺܶ˻ùҲǻ, ɶԺӶԣǱȽġ
رԪոԼʶǰʱСɵģǲһġ
ڵҲ
ͨʱԪ¶ ˵˺ܶСѲμջᡣְֻСȹ, ҪƯĵ⡣
Ȼһ, 
ʱˡ
ӹգǰְһ׼ģںӻҪûʱȥ
񵱼;, ¾ȥסһ죬ҲҪȥһˡ
Լر㡣
Ϊ˲, Ǽ˸࣬Ҫĵļ, , ¶Ҳ, źһȥϷ
еĻû, ÿ˹ʡʡл, ǿɻȥ
Сʱ͵˹ʡ, ǳ֮ǰͺԪ˵ˣԪǻᰲ˹ӵġ
ΪԪᰲ㹤Ա, ˳ʱ, ͿűźӵԪˡ
Ů˶Űɫ䣬ɫĿӡһװ
òϣû, Ԫ⺢ӶԲˡ
ˣԪʹӰְµأܹһӾͰȸסˡ
ͷССһˣĶˡҪ
ԪҡͷۣԪҪ
һڣοĶ֪˵ʲôˡֻһѱס
ԪҲ˹ӽӹ·ˡ
࣬ɻܿ졣Цô죬ʲô
ǻҪйôܰ
˵Ҫһ͹ˡ
ԪԲ۾裬費ˡ
ЦԪˡ
õ佱ˣԪҲŰְֵĲЦ
һߵļ
˵ĽնԪŪ߹ˣ·ЬӶ¹档
ѹûסҲŮ˵ĺۼ
Ժӻ
һ㶼ûвϰ߷֣ܿͽļҵʵ
Ҳûţʰã˵㶫ͿʼԪ׼Ķ
Ҷ׼ˣҪԵĶҲ׼ˡȫҪġ
Ϻ庢˯֮صͰԪ鱧סˣԪͬ־лл㡣֯ɵķǳá
ԪЦûн
Ȼ֯Զκι

ԪΪߵĲҵͷ˿ɲ٣ѾֻһЩˣȻ١
һЩûõ룬ҲѵĹϵˡ
Ǽ˲ˣϿһЩҵ
ϿЦϴԪ飬ڹ꣬ûܲμӣθǲˡ
̫ˣҵĹϵҲýЩ
ǿɲУ벹ϡʱɹ죬ʶʱɻǸѧأڳ˵ط쵼ӶˡһӾԼˡ
Ͽ˵ڶڿϧ
뵱ȿϱģϧԼҶӲ
⼸꣬ԽľúˡܵԺԼĶӻὫҵܵҪĸĺ档
ϾֹԪŮˣǻطɲһҲᡣ
ڻţԼҶٲᱻ۸
ᡣ
ϿЦֵˣûʲôĿǿ귢չĲҪҪᡣ
΢΢ȣ֪Ͽͼ
˵ԪҲ񡣿ȻԪҲûеҪԪĵزҲûҪ
ﾪȹ龪ȣʵĿǰûصҵĿҪͶʸ㷢չڻǺֵ֧ġ
ϿЦŵͷûҪȥҵչ¶
ȥҲΪҵչǱߵͶһҵѾˣͶǮĿֻѡ
ڲҪȻһ١
ӻأǮҪڹؼʱ
Ͽ꣬ȥ˺˼䡣
˿ҪͶʻ֮⣬һЩְ֪ҵ֮ҲǱ߸Ͷʡ
Щ˵ͼһӲµˡ
ΪЩ˶ǺԪġһûӦֻԼ뷨ȥĿǰûĿ
УҲԸȥ
Ǯ߲࣬ռԪĹϵǾЩ˾ȥǱ߸ͶʣҲ֮ⲻھơҵͶˣԺҲľӪòˣδԵؾòӰ졣
Щ°ԼĶλһ
δԼܻҪСˡ
ɲΪ˼ͶʣԼ͸߸˵Ľܡ
ǶԪǶԼá
Ȼ˵λڱ仯ٵκѾԽࡣ
ῪʼһԪվ̨ϸлҵĵСԪ̵źʹ˵лĻллүү̣尢̣СС㣬ףԪա
ĺӣ˵رٺһһıˡ
ЦҹƣСһ죬ѵõ΢΢˼ˡ
ںܿСѹһ棬Сˡ
ŹŮ˻СһС⣬Ϸ
һʶԭôСʱ򣬶ԼСˡ
ɢСԪ˷ܵԼѡ˵С棬һԵ⡣
ԪడһĽ
ϴ裬ȻڴϣŹ¡
ԪͻȻʵ裬Ԫ𣿡
ǰȻȣشˡ
ôİ
񣺡ͷŶ棬Ԫ˾ͳ
ְ˵࣬ʹԪˤ˻Ҫʹ
Цеʹ迴Ԫܿİ
ԪСӣͷĶ棬ȻԪͲʹˡ
۾һ¾ͺˡչȥһڡԪá
Բ𰡱𴲣ͼ
ڶûͳ緹Ȼغơ
˳ĻܸϻغƳ緹
ԪûϾ裬Ҫټְ֣Ͳˡ
ȥ·ȻᣬﵫǺ㡣һǼ˺ӣҲٴ˽Ϸߵķչ״
Ŀǰ˵ϷķٶȫǰˣδҪǸ㷢չҪϷߵġ
˽ߵķչ״߻Ǻаġ

Ʊί˶ЩĲɡ
Ϊ쿪ʱίεˡ
˵Ǵ¶ڹ״
Ͼֺܴ״ͿܻᲡˣݵĺܶλͱҪˡ
ر쵼϶Ҫ䶯ġ
ʱǾͳԺˣֻ˵Ϊ͹ȣԲεˡ˯һͺöˡԺ֮󣬻ֱȥп졣
ʵ״ֻǱ֪ˡǲ˵ġ
еȰ쵼ͺúϢɡ
Ҫǲһˣ˻֪ô²ء
û˵ˡ
쵼ǶԼļƻ
ͱǣһֱڳţһܳŵӵ˹
̫ˣܶ쵼ûչܣû೤ʱѡˡ
ȫչãȱ˲ţ϶ҲصһЩҪеģѡ˲ŷ͸Կˡ
ͺ˵һҪ÷ҪͩءɱͩûУô˲أ
ڱص쵼붼ǱˣһǶϸɲϰ˱ݵˡ
ǳҲûãΪǻҲҪݡ
ӲҲʱѡ
ҲԼʱ䡣
갡ʵҲûꡣ
ȷ᲻Ը֪Ƴǻڸ㷢չĺܺɳĳɼƳǣδкܴĻȨ
һɲ˵ҲǺġ
лҪ˵ôôգǣʱǵˣоȫˣǿԱ֤ǣϿ϶иµġϿɣллǵ֧֡


433 433
°, ڵĹĶڽѧУ͸ɲˡ
ڵǲĻڵľ⡣
ڻڵĵѾˣź潨裬ֻԽԽá
ֻҪֵĸɲܹΪ, ڵδǺܹġڵҪǸøɲΪɲ
ںҸ㽨ʱƳǵǺͺгЩ쵼Ҳڿᡣ
ƳͻϲĿԡ
ϲ˵Ϊһ˵ҲеķΧδƳǳˣһϳƳƳ, ֶһƳл
δһ, γһ
ƻ֮ǰģǺͺгҲ˺ܾãһֱû
ΪƳǺͻм仹һξġҪϲ, ζмľҲҪ൱һ
֮ǰ㸻ԣƳ˵һ޵
Ÿ滨ڵĽŲ㷢չ, ת֮޵ͳпܷ¶ˡ
Ȼ, ¶ĵ, λڻڵѧ
һѧԴвʲô, ǶƳС˵, ͺҪˡ
ζԺԵõĸߵȽԴ
Ǿֱ뷨, ôҸ㼺
г, ͬƻƳеƳǳҲһֱ, ٶǻġ˵޵̫˷ԴˡΪͻںϲõİ취
Ƴ쵼Ĭ
Ҫ˵ϣϣϲ, ϶ǲϣġ
ƳΪһֱƳǷչҪضΡҵҵĻҽ
˵, ǾƳǵõ֧
˵׵㣬ϸϵģǷġ
ҪǻҲΧˣδͻԴˡԻǸͷǳҪȥδֻԽԽ
ĳδҪѹȥˣܡ
ƳзԵȨ
Ȼûеģλͷ쵼ͷˣ˭ᷴԣ
ĻڷȷʵԽԽˡƳΨһĹҵڻڣΨһڻڣΨһĴѧҲڻˡ
⻹ǻûֵȡõĳɾ͡
ƳǳһֱͶʽ㹤ҵ⼸Ҳȷʵóзչģȡõĳɼȴۡ
ٹ꣬û׼ƳǾˡ
ҪϲָƳǻռˡ
ǲ뷨ʱҲô˵ģƳʡµһ·ڻǱߡϲ֮ķչ͸ʡˡ
⣬ƳǵĺܶҵԼҲڹعҵģϲˣδ϶ǸˡԻڹҵƳҵڽҲƳǽˮƽκϲǴơ
ίͨܣǾ칫ˡ
˸ӣ˾֪ˣ̸һֱڴ顣
ڴ¶ɶˣȻһӾͲ³ˡʱ˫ķһİ骽а칫˽ԼʰʰȥƳǡ
ǣʲô¶һ·ֹء
һ΢ż
Ƕʱֹʲôˣ
϶Ǻ£ˡ
Ҳ£ҲǺصĵӡ
ЦŽĻҪ񿴣ǽ쿪ݡ
˵һۣ۾ˣϲĿǣǣ˼ǣҪˣ
ȷʵ
οﻹûôľĵģɻڸġƳΨһĴѧҪˣƳǵĽδҪˡϲΨһһ·ˣ
֮ǰѧôģô˵Ҳϲѡ
ˣˡ
Ҳ쵼ңҿ϶Ṽ쵼ġ
ЦŵԺҪٽúøɡٰģλûҪġΪƳǽ踶ѪƳҲṼġ
ЦŵͷָоƳǴôˡ
رǻҲ֮󡣲ʱΪʱ磬ҲûԼ뷨
̸һЩϲ֮֮ҪϵһЩ顣˵δķչķ
Ƴ򻨸ڿ£ڿ϶ҲҪƳǿ£ġ
ĵ׼ˣѧѡַͳƳǷߵġ
δѿû
Ϊֻǳ֪ͨԲû˵̫ϸ¶ҪᣬҲҪȥɲ̸һⷽļƻš
뿪ϻػڵĳ˷ܵġ
ôõ¶Ƕˡ
ԤŽ굽꣬Խѧ޺á
ѧ޺֮ǰƳǺͻھͿԺϲ ʱԴ޴ѧٶȾ͸ˡ
ȴѧ޺ˣϲˣƳǾָһµ̨ˡ
뵽Ǹʱķ
δƳʱУԲƶСˡ
ôһ룬˹ˣҲһЩĸо
ָоһȴûҵһĸо
صڣ骼ɫ࣬ĳˣʵǣʲô𣿡
ͷ֪ͨҿᡣ
ЩĵӦһȻȥ֪ͨҡ
ΪɫҲģ쵼Ϊʲôõ¶
Ե񵽰칫ҵʱ򣬰칫氲Ĳˡ
һûɫĿ
һ̣ͺ춼ôˣ
ǣҶ߿ᡣ֪ʲô
ԭ¶ЦҲǺʽĻ飬֪ͨһϢȻҳ뷨
ǺϢҶһӡ
˲豭衣
Цǣ۸ﻹأ﹤ûá
Цδҿ˵ˣǹûáǡǡ෴ǴҹķǳáһҪƳǳͻϲ
Ϣ˶ʱסˡ
Ȼ˷ǣģ
ȻҾ˵¶ﶼˡ쵼Ƕһͨˡ
Ҷʱֵ˵úúá
Ͼϲ֮δĽ͸Ҫƫڳˡ
϶Ǵֵ֧ģǻԼҪ̫ˡ
ҲǰҴԤ룬ʱǵҪɾ͸ˡǸý޵ץʱޣѧϰѧϰʱϳЦĻߡ
ɲǶЦ
˵ǣľ߿̫ȷˡǰѼ֮·ˣѼǳΪɾͷˡ
⻰е
ǻڼɶˡ
ҲûȥȷʵҲǿǰѼһȻгһĳ뷨
ֻεǱˡ
ЦŵԴӲߣδûⷽĿǡԼҲҪЩһ¡Ѽ򳹵װųһĴδǳǽˡ
Ҳ˵лˣÿ˶˹ԼĸλְдһݹڻĹżƻ
ӴҶ֮ǰҪæˡ
ֹҪҪдƻҪѧϰ
ڱɳȻǺ£ɶЩɲҪҲȷʵҪˡ
ǿɲ뱻Ц
ڵĸɲｾţδ³µĶôܱȲϾɵءҪҪ쵼Ƕߡ


434 434
Χɲһ֪ͨ, ƳжһͻԵĴ顣
Ϊδһ£ӿɹϣǴССĻͿ˲ˡ
רС顣
Ƴǵĸ׼ҲϾıע׼ͬ
ҲûڸɲǸ˵ԭ֮һ
ʽ֪ͨʮ·, һƬϲڸϵϰҲǲ֪Ϣģ֪δǶǳͬ־ˣﶼ˲ѡ
ĳ࣬ôҵʶʶľ;˺á
ڲˣǮ, 뷨ûı䡣
ǲ뿪Լļ, ܳΪлˣɱྪϲˡ
ˣΪиصԵ, Ȼũ廧ڣǶ˵ԺȥϾ൱ȥ, ЩĴҲǽӡȻҲó˺ãҪǻ, ǲԸ⻻ġ
Ϊũи, ǲеطֳ, Ƴ, ֲ
ɶǮ·ء
һü춼̸¶
쵼Ӣб, ѻôáֹƶ¸, ҳΪˡ
ǻڸɲб¡
Ҫ˵ǺãǴͷĺá
, Ǵĺ, ɲҲɵĺá
ǸɵôãԺ᲻ᱻ߰
Ӵǿ˵׼, ǰǻأǻĸɲġ
ģʲôߣǿ϶ǻǵġ
ôһ˵Ҷˡ
ǵɲܴҹϸõ
ڣǾʲôˡ
ͻڵȣòˡ
ϰĽڵϰգɲҲĽڵĸɲ
쵼ͺ绰ϲ
ЦͬϲͬϲԺΧ󣬹ҵ϶ӷϰ׬ǮҲˡ
ԺͲͬˣǳˡ
Ц˵أҪǷչĺãҲл˵ҪԺ󼸸ɳˣƳǵ÷չã
밡롣ҲЩΡҪǶɽҲܳΪ
ҪģǻҲûģ
ǣ˵öԡôԺǶɽǸǻһˡ㾭ãҷǡ
˹ˣӦǻ
ƳߵĿũҵҵģʽء
Ժ󻨸ڳл֮󣬾͸Ҫˡ
ֵĸлʱһͻЩϵĵӾҲˡ
ⲿֽƷĵӾ֮ǰˮġ
ʱĺ֮־ļˡԤ·ݰģûʱ򣬸ɴʮ¹ڼ䲥ˡ
ΪƷľǹڽ֮ǰԼ֮ˮ顣
ӵλ֪֮ͨ󣬻רһôĿԻؼҿǴ˵绰˵¶
ҲǸ˵Ĳˣֱ÷֪ͨƳȫ׷硣
ԼҲ˵˵ʵЧδиĿ϶вģݵĿǺáϸڷͿԿ黨˼ˡ
ˮϤˣǿȥˡΪˮôһƷ
ȻʵǡûС
ЧôãԱݼ֮⣬ˮĽҲռ˷֡
ˮ֮ǰǲӣЩϽû𡣺ǮˣΪ˵ҪˮɰϾΪ˷⣬޵ʱҲѧǰַޡԺЩȡֱõϵĽ
½ΧһĴƷչģ˴ʼıϡӴƷķʢս𲨼ؽĹ¡
ֻ˿ͷһЩûʱ俴ˡÿæĲˣûʱ䡣
µΪĲ̫٣һӾ϶ǻᱻ˴ͷ׷β涼֡
ŵӾĲˮҲٴλˡ
ɲ֮ǰ棬ͨ˿֡İѴƷڵءˮ򣬸μס֡
һʮһ£ͷŵĲˡ
ֵʱ򣬻˻һʵ
Ƿ֣ǸɽˮѰˮȪƷŮɲ־Ȼ
Ҳ˵ŮԱݵľǵǡ
ǾȻרŵ˲𰡡
˵¶֮󣬻ͦûȥ֡
骣ݵզ
УǻЩġ

ɲ˵쵼˵ʵ
ȻʵϣʱĵѡԱʱҲǺͷ۵ġ
ΪҲ񣬵ʱһ뷨̫ˡ
˳̫ϡƫƫںһ𣬾͸ѵˡ
룬һʮˮŮͬ־ƫƫִżΪɲϡдż͡ⲻݰ
úÿݲʣʵĳò
ܲܰѱϷɡǲܵġҲҸݡɫϷݲ࣬ͽֳ֡ϷǺġϾͷŵҲʱ졣ҲһʱĴˡ
ֻѡʵġ
ԱݵɫҲСһѡ
ΪʱܹڵӾĸɲ̫ˡرôĸɲĻũƶ¶
ΪƷɽˮһΣ˸жˡ
ֱʱɲĿģ
Щ˲֪ôһɲڣǶɲá
ȻƫƫΪչʾⲿʵԣڲ֮󣬾˵ˣⲿӾʵǴڵġ
ҲȷʵǧѰҵˮȪ˴ƷڵȪƳ
Ҳˣ⴫ĴƷٴƬϵİա
ӣʵҲһѡ
Щ˶绰ˣ¶ǲġ
æĲˣӦЩ磬ģģӭ͡ƷȪơ
ûʲô˲ģÿɲְ𡣡
ԣ߶ѰҴȻԣĲƸ
ռ͵Ҳ绰ˡ
үү̶ܸˡ˶ˣǿʮˣΪЩ죬ƽʱҲֵ˶Իʮ㡣
׷һ£׷رĸ롣Ůãб¡Ҫȥݣ϶á
Ц̣ɲզȥ㸱ҵأ
ǸɲҪǶ࣬ҲУҲС
ɲãһӶռͱˡ
˵ľͬ־ˡ
λ־һΪռͷףû
˵ģԼô͡⻹Ǻѧġռͣо飬Ҳ¡ϻûŵġº˺
ռһֱ׳ְλû⼶Ҳˡ
˵˺ö໰˵񰡣ӰˣҲãȥ׶ҲУúùꡣ̰ôˡ
ŵŵǸԱˮȪĳ̫̫۾ʪˡ
ⲻò˵ӾȾˣȻʱҲɡϾɽû·Ҳȷʵɽҵġ˵ƽ¶ڵӾһȾظȾˡ̫̫žۡԭ˼Ӱ࣬Ůƽʱôడѹڰ칫ָء
Ȼ֪̫̫ΪЩ¶ôдģǻЦẉ֪̂أ겻ӰˣҺԪ˵ȥϷǱ߹ꡣǱů͡үүҲһòã
˲ˣǻϲϼֱ֡Ӿܾˡ
ҪоԼҲǰˣڡҲȥŮС
ҸǮȥԼ
̸ޣڶŻͷͻȥܲգҪȻҹ겻ġ
ã֪ˡ⻰ûܾŶԺͷӲˣʹԪ
Ǯɶûء
Ҫǻꡣ
绰ʱ˵һЩҲһЩ쵼õ˰ͷ
翪ʼĵ˵൱Ưˣһʱû˷Ѱ̶̵ʮ꣬ɳɲ顣
֮һƬ١
˵ѧУıְ֣ͺˡ
ռͣռ;͸һȫС졣ռҲΪʡũ塣
ڹ磬ڹ̶¸·ʱȫ¸
Ű¸·
ƳǵǸũƷ˾ǰƳˮġ
˵ڻڶѾΧˡ

ƵһЩ쵼ſˡ
ĿǰߣԻҪɳĿռ䡣
ʡ쵼ûʲôţʡ֯쵼ֻǴ绰ǣһ˵صɲ
ЦǺǵصĸɲˡĸɲǶܿ뷨Ҳɵġ
ʡĵ绰֮˵ĲˣԺ
ֺأе绰ˡ
˵绰˼ֺ֮ǵɫûˣ
Ȼֱӹ˵绰
ʲôȥﵱǣ
ǳΧ
Ҳ˼ᡣٴĳȵƳǵˮĸɲҲûᣬҪȻ϶Ҫεġ
һе绰ˣҲȥǱ߷չ˼
Щ绰ǶֱӲˡ
Ҳӵǵĵ绰ˡ
ǻǵǡΪԼӡ̵һλ
ǵû˵ʲôֻǴ绰ϲ˵ʡ쵼Ҳע⵽ˣδ϶иչġ
˵˼֮󣬾͹ˡ
ƣΪλȥݿءǾȻû˵
绰̾˿
ʵҲġ
֪֮˲١ݳһ㣬ûʲôԸϽ绰ˡ
ַ֮ͨû˵ʲôˡ
Ϊ֪δǰ;ġǰ˵𲻸ߣҪĳɼͷȻմ󣬵һɹɼʮˡ쵼ĹעԺ᲻١ҲͲҪðˡ
ܳ˳ɼĵطʵû˼ôһǰ;ɲˡҲûġ˫Ϊѣ粻ᡣ
ǲ֪ǣȻû˵ʲôֿȥݵĿˡ
ϴԼԺ᲻ƳǴš
Ȼǲġ
ΪҲգɵϰҲաĲϲʤĹʵ
ڻڷչˣ칫ʩʩˡž
òʵˡ
Ѿˣһ³֧֣Լĵӣ﹤ҵֻᷢչԽԽá
˴ѧδ˲ˡ
ɲ⼸ҲĲҲʼˣδֻ㡣
ҲΪЩɲǻˣҲٲĺܶࡣţֻҪһһĸɲӰĺãֻԽԽõġ
ĻڣƳǣѾͬȼǰһˡ
ãѷչñ޷ӡʺǸػˡ
ĵػԽԽʵδǵ¥ԽԽȡ
ĵػˣȥһطػˡϾҪ˰ˡδгѹԽԽ󣬹Ѷȸߡ
ץʱˡ
Ȼôһ뷨ˣҲûʱһߡ
ϾͷĹҲ١ǻڵǣҪѻڵĹá
뿪ҲҪȻĹ֮С
⹤ҲҪܳˡ


435 435
һ, ĳɼ٣Ѿôһչҵ֮⣬˴ѧ, λΪ³
Ҳ⼸Ķڳһɲ¹ôͻͻٴ󲿷ֵɲǺг徢
ϻ쵼ǶҪߣÿĸɲƶ, ĸɲҲ湤, ȥÿ꽱Ҳܶõ㡣
ЩԵʣڵĹºܶ, ҲæңźϵͳǾġ
ǵҲֵ÷, ںǰҲһˣǰʲôԼȥ, ܵһߡ
⼸ҲĸıԼ뷨ĸɲҲû˵ѹĺ, ǿд, Ƿ, ԲϹָ, ڼʱ, óϸı׼
Ҳȥæˣ֮ǰԼ˼ڡ
úֵ, Լؼҹȥ
Ȼͽˡ
֪, Ǽﰮ˺ͺӿɶߡһ굽ͷĶûһء
Ҳֵ˼ˣ÷żˡĿڱʾԼԻغøλ
Ҿ׼ȥοϰ, ˽ϰյֳֳȥľˮòҪȥعЩȻӰĹˡ
˵Լļƻ
Цŵ㰲ŵĺܵˡǻµͬ־ЩɼҲǿüģҲûࡣ
ʲôΪϸɲ̫˽ǰˡ
ΪɲǻҲûɶɾ;Լôݾˡ
ڰȫûݵ¶;ԼܸɸĹ
ͬԣ¶ͷ۵¶һǵõҪʮˮֳòҪȥͶʡǻڿǰñӸժˡ
ҲЦŵͷ
ҾͰѻڽˡ
ͷİɡӦˡ
Ͱĵϳ뿪ˡ
һȥϷĻ骺λѾǰ֤ٶȿ񶼾 
˶˼ĳˣӦǿǵĺܳľҲףǡ
骺Щûúùˣһֱֵ࣬ûԼȥϷɴҲ޸٣ȥϷ¡
ϣ骻ЩϰߣҲˣ˭㱨ѽ
ǰֺǺǵĿų⻰żˡĽ֤ûȺأ˾Ҫȥˡ
ˣҾʲôҲùˣú÷Ÿ١Цŵ
骵ͷǶɵϰߣһӲܹ治Ӧ
ҲңڻڴãҲ˵׼
骾ȡ
Ҫǣҡһܸ𣿡
ⲻ˵ֻǡпܰɡҲû˵ô϶ϾҪȥһطҲҪġ
ʵֻ˵Ҫȥĵط϶ǲڵĻڻõġǰ칫Ӧöϲϡ㵽ʱң
ЦˣǣһʲôǲܳԵģҾһиɾҾϣĿꡣȥҾȥ
ˣҪûʺϵĸλأ
Ҿͻ飬СԱ
ЦУθҵ飬ҿ϶ġ
⻰ͷˣҲõĲˡ
Ҫ˵жôߵ뵹ҲûУΪ͹ȣԸ֪һϣ˵Ҫԡ
øˣϣġ
һŷɻϷһ·Ͼ;ԽԽˡ
Ϸɻʱ򻹴޷·ɻ͸ѵű׾ˡ
һιôů꣬ͦӦġоǲûɶζˡɵȼԼǸŷۺɫȹС;ʲôҲȲһž۸дڵζˡ
Ԫûˡ
ΪһĺӣϴСͿʼѧϰѾǸ˵Сˣʱһ۾ϳ裬Ȼȥס
ϲĺ衣
һѱסһˣô
Ԫÿ춼ţ̣
СԪ
ǺԪЦͷһڡ
Ԫ߹Ϸ£Ȼůͣһ̫Ҳ
·ЦԪԽϸˡ
ǶġԪ
Ц֪Ԫˡ
н𣿡
һ죬ȥ˵
ߣҪˡ
Ϊһģ˵Ҫȥš
ҲԪǺõķӣԸ߹ĹԱ˷ӡȻҲУֻЩһֱšλҲҪʰʰԺҲǵļˡ
ֱϳ֮񻹺Ԫп˵ͦףճɾˡ
ԪüҲ𣿵׷˶ã
ֻ֪ǿ˼Ҵ죬ˣҲûöð͸ΰװɣҲͽ黹ءҺֿ졣
Ԫ飺ô
ȻǽһԪ㻹ʲôģ
ԪȻЦҺ㡣
Ҳ㣬ЦŽԴ档
Ԫ״Ԫˡ
Ԫʱˡ
Ԫ˿ȣǰ˾úÿ

˼ŷּﻹأԪүӴ׶ˡ
ռǱ֪׼ϷϢ֮ʰ͹ˡ
ϷðůͣͲ尾סˡ
졣
Ԫ鶼Ե绰ﶼû˵
үҲԪˣʹԪԪߺԪȥ˵ָԪȹӡ
ԪԼ裬Щ᲻á
ʵԪһҲϡȹӣΪְָ׼˺ܶȹӡ̫үүȹӲ
̫үү棬ѡ
̫үүҪȥ᲻衣
ԥЦ̫үүأȥɣ軹Ҫȥ·ء
ԪֵߵߵҪȥȻʵ費߰ɡ
һᣬߡ
ԪСɳǱүˡ
ЦЦԪһ¥
Ȼֹ·Ԫ黹һ㽱ϾûˡôһԪ¥ºźԪ¥
Ԫүòˡÿ춼ŮˣͲҪԼ̫үүˡ
ôһ᲻ˣҪ߳ס
ȽϺáҿԶ꣬Ԫ̫үүòã
Ԫϲ֣Ȼһͬˡ
үӾֵòˡԪЦЦԪӦˣ㷴Ч
Ԫ鶼ססǰҲͬסһ£඼Էúõġ
ؼʱҲҪһԪҲ㻵¡
ЦүүԼľͺãҺԪƽʱæչ˲㡣
չˣҺõúܡԪүֱˣչ˵ͦġǾͷİɡҲ֪ϱ˵Ưأ˼Ӷչ˲ˣչ
Ҳû˵ʲôˣЦŰԪڻѧʲôʲô
ԪѧĿɶˡ
ָͷ˵ѧд֣
ΪֲܵȸѶȶĶѧˡ
Ȼͷּﻹпγ̱
γ̱ŵġÿѧĶһ
ԣԪѧ֡ĸﻪ֮⣬Ӣ
ͦ۵ģ֮ǰֻ֪ÿ춼ϿΣǲ֪ѧôࡣ
Ԫ۲ۡ
ۣ棡Ԫ˵
ԪЦǺܿѧϰõǺ͵ѧϰʽΪѧĿģ˼λͬĺһѧġ飬ǻĺܿġ
Ԫкܶѡָͷ˵ѵ֡
еСѻ֡ܽг
ԪүӽĲˣҼԪǴģְֵˡְֺôʱʲôᡣ
Ԫÿ۸ˣﻹлѧ
үӣ
Ԫʵ۸ְұְ֣
ЦԪСأ˾ͿԱְˡ
ԪԺٶԵ㶫
ΪԪ˶˵ϲϿΣûںӵĽָıʲô
ҲԪ׶ú̫ࡣ
ϾԪͯ궼㲻϶Ҳ̫Լĺѹ̫
˯ʱ˻һºӵδ
óһǺδʲôԼѡ
һӣʱҪΪԼߣǵĸҲܰԼǿںϡ
ҪˡδΪԪṩһõĻôһ죬ҲԪҲҪˡ
ҲûԼְּںõĻȻܹƶĸλ档Ҳ֪Ժˡ
Ԫ鵹ôĽЦǲҪˣȥܲĵط
ûУԼ뷨Ҿ;ڻѾ㹻ˣƶ¸ҿܸǰߡҲ˼ءƳǣԺõ㡣ʡҲԽ룬ԽԾ룬ҿҪ׼ˡ治ҿҲҪʼɫˡ
Ԫʮʣѡһսѡ
ʶԶţĿȷ
շĸ첲ĵѡĹõġ񵱳㰲οһʧܣĹʿҡҲ˵ȥʧҲҪҵĹҲ㡣
ϲڹϷӡԪüЦ·𻹼ǵĶһ̣ɢĹʡ財Ҳˡ


436 436
Ԫ鲢, ʱ˼ԼӡʱҲ룬Ҫܹһͺˡ
ĳͺá
ͬҲһʵˣ֪ûʲôԡͺǰ̹һ仰, Ʋɼá
õһѾѵˣҪٶģ̫̰ˡ
Щò룬Ϊԭһķޣõ, ʵ̫ˡ붼ûҸ
Ϊܵ, ȻҲΪЩʾԹ
Ҳ뷨еġ
˵ЩοĻ֮ЦԪ, ҲϵľϲһĻҪõˡͻԤ롣
ϷֶˡΪϷĹ˶߶ӵģʮ߸ɻ
Ԫ黹ǼԼҹСԪ˵ѧ, Ūۡ
үӰԼжˣĹꡣ
һ񿪻һһҹ, Եһ㶼ʹ졣
ӼᶨҪϷס뷨ˡ
, ҲҪһ, ¹ˡ
Ůϲء
ҪŮú顣
ҪԼŮ, ʲôȲԼҪǧҪΪ˱Ķȥ˺Լˡ
ڶˡ
ҲҪʲô, ҲԪһЩ߶һ, ͵㶫ˡ
骵Ҳһꡣ
үӻ˺˵һ, ڳɼˡ
, ˸ôõϱ
Цŵл
үӵʲôã˱Ƚһ˵㡣úøԪ, жġԼĻˣֻԪġ

񻺽ĲڣЦһȥ˵Ӧүȥ
棬ʵ߻Ӧ𣿡
ãû뵽ôá
ͦأʱ򣬾;һֲ˾ʽƵġ
˺һܶ׬Ǯҵ׼ˣ֤Ͱѹʴ۸
һ㶼֪˵ʲôˡ
Ȼ˵Ϸߣǹ˾ǵķͳһġΪǵλֵķӡ֮󣬷סǶŶС
ãͲˣڲͬ淢⡣ûԼԪ顣ԪǰԪܵķˣĵ棬Ԫǵ
骵ͷǣ֪ġҲЩͼЩ
ЦһȻ󻹼һ䣬Ͷˡúøɣռء۲ԷƱҲҪȡ
ţ֣صͷ
ι꣬ǱȽĵģȫȥĹһһĺͼһֲƽʱʱ⡣
һֱźһػڡ
뿪֮ǰҲԪŵˣԪˣͽȥסһӡ
ԪѾǵûˣ֪ڵĵطɸˡ
үӵҲУʱҴȥܸ㿴ӡԪ߹
Ԫ飺
οСȥҡ
Ԫ΢̣á
뿪ûԪˣ˻ֱͻȥˡ
Ʊ棬ִ󺰣ټ
Цҡ֣ҲڸпԼ֪ʱ򣬺Ѿˡ
ٴλصڣжݵĲӦڰ칫һǻġ
ڶ죬ü־쵼㱨˽һ»һЩȡ
ɵĻΪǺ£ŶúܡԤ¾ܳ׽
ҪģƳǱöԽӼƻδչҪͳһһƳǣһŻڡ
һ죬񶼺ͺһ;п졣
ƳǱҲ˵ˣǻ㾭ý裬ѾǱߡ
̾
ϳƣĿ֮󣬳ֵ̻ϳ仧ģ˼Ҳװҡ
ĵǱߣҲ˵㣬ϰ˵㡣ϰԸǱ߸㾭ãǵɣֻṩ档ﶼûȷ˵ǻھֻܸ㹤ҵܸ㾭ˡ
ͷⷽȷʵǵġֻǵ˵ΧһҲùعҵƳչõ˵
ǹȷʵ԰ǷչãҲû˵Լ㾭òͻҲǾЩԴϾͬľģʽҲγԴ˷ѡԼ㡣
˵ָһյأ׼߽һóģԱ߽ܳվվг·߿ͨԼС
ʱ۾һһóվġĵҲܴվչ
Цŵͷֹˣ߻Խùݣ跹ꡣܺܿһˡ
ҲѧΪѧ˺ܶྭص֪ʶһӾʹЩ˺ܶķչõĻᡣ
һ˷;Ƶ֮⣬ҵԴ˵ҵ
ΨһЩģ⼯óĸЩʲô
ԤǺܺãҲҪһǰᣬǾгĶһҪˣЩԸԶĹⲻ㷱ĵط
ҪȻǺܴġ
֮ûǻķˣ
ҵƷϷǱߺܶ๤İٻƷ෱࣬۸ˡ
ţһ˵;ڶץġ
Ц֪Ҳ׼Ǳ߽
ΪһҸɲҲĿŵЩ
ҵ˼ǣǿԷϷģʽǱߵĹкǱ߹װʽԼ߼ӹĿǰũҵӹ֮ģ١رЬ֮ģΪЩճҲҪ
֮ǰǵЩƷЩλǴϷƷţ߸оġϷֱóгô
ʱˣԼ⾭ûüѧ
ǣƻСҪ˵ܻڵľñȽϺáҾԼˡ
ЦɲҪԷƱ±Ҹϸأ񻨸ҪȲչʡ
ô佱˲ѣǣһҪѧɲҪָҰ
ѧϰǫ
˾ôѻδķչ·߸
ҲûŸ㽨裬ϾЩҪһȰƻá
ǽ輯óггվ͵úܶϸڷĹˡ
·ݻиĹ֮ͺȥ㱨ɹʱ򣬲Űݼƻ齻ȥˡ
ǿţЦҪǸֲˡ
һ仰û˵Ƴߵͬ־ɾѹˡ
Ҳ׼¶Ҳȷʵߵͬ־һЩѹ׼ڷչ
û˵Ͱݼƻˡ
һƳ֪ݼƻ֮һٶЩܡ
ڳΪʱ쵼˵ڹҵƳá
ôһ
ؼǻˡǾ㲻ˣ˵ʲô
ƳߵǾ͸绰ϲ׼䡣
˵ˣҵץ
ЦŽһݹϲȷʵôһ׼ҵҪҲͬҪ
ǻԹҵΪ
Ƴǵ
ЦǰԾΪҵҲҪ֧ŵģȺҪۻܲṩ̵ꣿ

Ȼǻڵı׼һرߣ㸱ҵҲǸ߱׼Ҫҽ飬ƳҪҪ󣬸߱׼

Ƴ˵绰
ЦˣһҲûԼˡ
ͬ־֮ҲҪԾġ
ͺ֮䣬ܲΪ˵һѹԼҲŲŬ˰ɡ
ţƳɲġ
ȻЩƻģʵУúȥʵˡ
ϾǹܾõģҲ͡ȥϷҺλ飬ֻ˸飬ͨعҵǱߵҵ·ӡ
ɲҲҪġԽãڷչԽá
Ϊôţڼƻź֮ǵҲûǰæµˡÿ쿴źæĽģǻʱȥѧУȣѧУĸɲްԱʾԼȻѵЩɲһЩѹ
Ͼ֮࣬ͿʼƵͼ
Ҳ֪ǲǱ֮ǰҹԭطͦעġȥطࡣ
ȻҲȥʶʶǿǸʮƶıǸʲô
Ҳû׼͵͵ȥϾزĵط˭֪ЩʲôԸǴ˸绰
˺Ѽֱ֮ˡ
ǣϴβȥݿ⼸мڣ׼ȥǱ߿
ӵ绰ǣ


437 437
ԿѧϰȥıСϾ᲻ȥݻȷҪҲô, ҪƳ쵼ͨԸΣǱҲкʵĸλ
ҲǱһҪ뷨ȥġ
γ, Ҳûˣʹ骡
ߵǺðţ߾Ͳƽˡ
֪Ҫ, ľûƽ
Ͼ֮ǰѾļʺСˣһӸϣˡ
˽, ͬ־ι, ġ
Ҫݵľ
ԭΪ彡ԵЩƣ͵ľ, ˼, Ȼ˼Ҫôеڱݡ
ΪһΪһίǵȥôģһ㶼ûԼС˲ѵð
ԼСýӴ⼸쿼, ҲСԸšõˡ
չطõķչ·Ǵũ忪ʼԤι, ϶Ҫȥ￴ġ
Сڼô, Ц, , ϣ˲ţ
ֹ˲ŰǸп
ҪԸݣҪĽӰ˵ġ
ݽ, Ĳİ
ݺƳȻͬںʡһڿĵλãһԵĵط, мԶˡ
رͨ, ȥл, ɻƶĵطֻԼǲתҲǿ˿һʱŵġ
;ǻһطдһҹ
һ·ͿˣԽԵߣԽĲá
رǿݵʱƶĸоͳˡ
ɱȵڻҪ
ٻڵڻݾЩĸоˡ
;ĳ򣬶·صʮǰسһ
ҲǽСıǻһЩ
˵ˣ骺Щġ
˱³·һ·
ϾҪȥ濼죬϶Ҫﰲһġ
·ҲʶҲʶҪǵȥʲô¶Ͳˡ
骵ǣá
ȴǲˣעûУȥ·޵Ĳֵ·Ҳܿ˵֯ڵصĽҲǺӵġ
Ҳ·õóˡ
һгǲһ칫ģһСΪޣԼԴ칫¥ҲһԺġ
Ƴǣݡ
ݱƳǻʡίһ¥档
ʵϣݵķΧǱƳҪܶġƳֻмأΪʡǱԵԹܴ
Ȼܾôʡ칫¥ƺǹȥϰ칫¥ɼĸɲʡˡ
߲ŵǼǣ͸绰֪ͨˡ
ǵСڸϽ֪ͨǣЦŵϽȱ衣
Сľȥˡ
Ϊ飬ȻҪ쵼֮Сڿ֪Ƕλ˲ŵӣԿһ֮鲻ѣͿ
֪ҪɸˣһֱҪúдǡסλúͳԷĵطҶˣǿϢȥǣ
ȻѡˣǴ˿϶֪ôġ
ЦȻȼǣܲȡһλͬ־ȥϢɡ
ҲУȥ¥ϣȻкǡģ϶кá
ллˡ
ǽҵء
¥ϣҲվӭˣСգˡ
áЦŵ
Сݲ裬ǺòҶó
Сڸ˵Ӧˡ
ɸóģǱݵزȻûɶζ
Цŵ˵ôãǿҪˡ
ܿȺĲˡ
һڣȷʵ㡣ȻһЩڸУҲһζ
ôǱݵĲ費ɡ
ر𰡣ûǿϧˡ
Ұ裬ࡣЦŵͷ㻹ٳԳǱزɲǺ١رɽ
Ǳݶɽеôġ
Цһ·ˣȷʵǲġ
ݶɽǲƶɽɽϻкܶ䡣ܶϰʳ
ϧûչǵǰЩΪɽܶʱڻҲΪɽ߲ܶȥҲԸ߳ȥ
˵ͷûнӻڶԱҲ˽⣬Բ÷ԡ
Ҳû˵ЩˡˣôԼҲȥ
ҪһǺܸ˵ġǳҲá㲻֪ںöǾǵʯɽĺ֡
Цǣɱˣһ֪˵뾭ѵءϾںܶ˶Ըĸ￪ŻۣһָɲΪӦչҵƻũҵչ
ǽǡ
Ƕǲµ˵ǵء
Цˣҵллˣݣɶ뷨һ˵
úúãҿɵĺϢˡЦŵ
˭Ҳû˵Ҫݵɲ¶
Լݵ֮
Ҳ뿴֮˵
˻һ˸㷹극ͻдȥˡ
骺Ҳûţȥ˵ʱѾȥ·߶ˡ
Ȼ˳㻹һȽϲһЩط˱ʼǡ
Цĺá
ЦЦʵǣǲϢһٳһ·㶼ûôϢ
û£ڳϢҲһͬ־㾫Щûɲƣͼʻ
ܺãոдϢȥ¥˴ġ
Уϳһ˳Ҳ̫ܵʱˡ
˵߾ߣ磬ǾͳˡһĻǵСڡ
ǵ򵼵ġ
ԷʱǾͰźõģʱҲûܾһл԰ȫΪ
СڻЩӦĥȥġϾ˵˺ܳʱĳӲģҪϢһſʼġû뵽Ը緹ͳˡ˼ǣҪϸϲסҲС
Сϰߺܲһڱݹһо
Ľǳϵ¡
ǲŲæźͶǰһ
·СҲģ˵һЩصϰס
ǣιҪǿЩҺš
Цһ·˽
С룬ʲô˽ġ
Ҳûʡ
Ϊһ飬ʱ̸Լ˵࿴
һվҲûȥ̫Զȥһ
سǽɽء
ΪһΪɽɽͷ˵ɽϵʱӣΪɽ
ô˵ˣ͵ˮǺ񡣡
Цǲһһ۱һˮȪɽʲôûС
ĵҲ˵׼ˮȪɽСˮ̶ءķˡ
ɽֵǺﻹ
˵أʵ˵ͺһࡣҲֵĴС֪ж٣ǹ⿴һسǾô淢չ֪ˡ
ҲһЩ̯ģĶࡣ
ܵҲǲ뷢չҵʵǺ֧ϰ廧ģس˲࣬˹Сܶϰնڰɽ棬ʮµĶʲôҲûǮ򡣡
ûǮҹؼ˼ҲƺҪǮһġ
Ϳɽɽˡ
żҪǮʱ򣬾ɽҰɽ֮ĶȻŪʳվǮƷ
١ٵһ¾һΡڴ·ҵƷ֮ģһðһξͲˡ
骺
ɫϾ
ǹӣӵˣûֵġ


438 438
Ҳũܳ, ӣûֵġ
Сϴ廹ռͣӡ, ЩǺ뷢׬Ǯġ
ҪȻСϴҲᷢȫ屻ƭ¶ˡ
֣ͺˡ
һûпĵطһ
ȻҲܺڵĻйϵΪδܶôƫƧϰնǴ׬ǮĵġڵĻǺܶطԸ廧йܿ, ֻ£ܶ˻Źȥ˼롣
Ͳ֪ھǸʲôˡ˵ģ״þˡ
ԤУطѵĻ
ôһ룬ȻЩϾͬʱִŵս뷨
˵֮ͻȻҲڣ
ΪǿǺ˲ġ, ʵҲ, Ȼ٣طǱ, ܴӡ
ЦŵͷݺɽˮݵϰյȻҲá
ǰɽˮ羰ǲģҪǻȥ֮ǰ, ٶǵһ
Ц, ҵǶ˵ɽϵĴӸȤ, ֪ȥ㡣
飺
뷨鵱ȻӦˣˣɽףԻǵõ˵ˡ
ڵдס¡
Ƿֿ֮͸ϽȥǴ绰㱨ˡ
һԼĴ˵Լ˵
ǵĺȷôôܴƭ˵뷨Ȼͬ־Ҫʹȥϸ
Ҫ˼Ҿô찡
Ҳѡءǵ
طߵס
Щʧ˲ſɲٰ
·ģȥ˸õĵطˡ
뿪ˣ°ƭˣ˼Һ治ǻôһʼ˽ԱݣǺõġ
ߣҲ졣
û˵Ϊһ˾ǵж
˱ݵƣȻóһۣҪƳѺܶࡣ
ɼ
пܾˡ
骲û־ƶľġ
ƴֻΪʵָ˼ֵ֤ԼǸõˡΪǰ;ǣ֮չ˳Ϊһ۵㡣
Цŵ⻹أҲһϾƳǲ֪᲻ˣ߻᲻кʵְλ
⻰骶һۣǶݵ˼ˡ
骵ǣʲôҶ
ЦˣǵȻôѣҲȷʵҪİ֡
ǵģȻûпݵȫòѾݵ뷨ˡ
޷ıȫеƶˣˣͲΪѶ
ֻҪʱʣԸ
ΪǷչõĺʱȻѣҲһҲûСµľδȫڷɣ̫̫࣬ѷ
ڶһ磬һ˾Ϳǰӡ
Ϊӽڰɽ棬ûɽ·òȥǰѳͣڸϣȻȥ
·ϣǵɽǴ̫ɢˣ·ɱ̫ߣʵڸ𡣡
ȷʵѣɽޡؼ·ĳɱ̫ˡ
ǰô¡⣬ҲЦɽûޣط·궼ǮǱݼѣҲս·㽨谡
Щʵʵĳǰģһ·Ҳȷʵǿġ
ϵɽ߶ʯ·
ɽĹʮ࣬رЩƽʱûô˶ˣһ붼Ҫˡ
ȵ棬ͷ󺹡
ȥ˾Ϳˡ
ӲһСӣҲͼʮӡӶķӡ
иء
ɲõ֪ͨˣ˵⼸иɲ죬һֱڴڵأˣȥҴɲˡ
峤ˡ
峤һͺܴϴүССģЩձһ̸ˡ
ȫλϿһɲ
峤ĸɲǰûѽ
ͰԼ֤óˣġ
ϴ峤ùۣģҲȫûȵӣԭģӭǡҪʲôѽ
ƺȫɲɶ˲ġ
ʵϴ峤Ҳȷʵ뷨ﻹϸɲʵڡ
ҪģҪ뵽ԼˮľͲøЩˡ
̬ЩΡ
Щǰˡ
ֻӲͷƤԼ㿴
У㿴ϴ峤ҲɿˣЩԼڴСҶµظɻء
峤ûߣһֱǣ·
ǽӿ
񿴵ܶСڼæЩкˣʵǶѧ𣿡
ϵģĺӶȥˡϴ峤
ЩӲ󣿡
أôҲҪȵʮˣ
ָһŮӵǺӲҲʮ𣿡
ŮӲѧϴ峤
ʮȻ
骵۱ˣ֮ǰҲƵĻҲֻһЩ˼ϰսɲĲʲô뷨Ҳ˵ֻ
˵ˣˡ
ֻûкλ峤νŮѧ⡣
ҲȷʵЩףûõġ
һ㣬ݵũɲңչ
ϰյ˼ʱ
һȦǾˣȻȥӡ
뿴ǲÿӶһ
ÿ֮󣬶·ߣҪУ
Ϊһ˶۵ûˣٿû۵ӣʱ
ƾ־ŵġ
־ҲûãΪǽȥӶǲ
ѧʺܸߡ
رŮӣûȥѧġ
ŮҪ˵ġʶʶҲҪһӵϴ峤̸߳˱ߵ
ī
Ҳ뿴ˣÿҲĲ ׼뿪ʱ򣬾˼ææϴ峤Ϲͷҵˡϱ̫ˡ
ϴ峤һͲˣɶæء
ԣһ⣬ʲôˣ
ûʲôǼìأϱϹڡϴ峤ϽɲøɲϹκϡ
⻰ˣ뵽һܿµĴʡ
뵽һЩܣҲ͵Ȼȥˡ
Ȼʹɫ뿪
һ·ͣסŲ飬ǵøոշʲô飬һɡǼϱԸ޹ġ
鵹Ҳ˵¶ǺԼµǾڱݡ۾һɣ˹˽
ɽûźţ˿³ƶ绰˵绰
֮ԶΪǵý°ӡ
Ҳ죬֪绰ģ˵ˡ
ĻعֵˣֳԴ˹ġ
š
Ͼɲܶȥˡ
־ֳҪôĵӣҿɲŹǣ
ҲûŹȥϾⲻԼĵͷȥ
˲Сʱǲɽ
ҶһΡ
ǣˡ
ôǸˣ˿ҲãǵȻˡ
ͷȻЩֵͬ־к˵ŵȥǳԷȻ˸ˡЩ˵ûΪһ˶˵ʲôЦЦ
ϳȥԷڵģ緹ˡ
·ϣ˵
˵˼ҲǴŮӣǵصġܹ֮Щڣżڡ¶Ƕˣһл֤ҲҵŮҴˡ
˻ϼס
һû˵
ҲûʣͷͺãҲͷˡʵǰ˵һЩܵġ
ǵڣʵǶⷽҲǺӵģĺϸڴﲻϸɲҪȥ黧ڵġ˵ˣҸӶ࣬Ӧû
극֮ǻҪҪȥ
ˣ׼ϢϢȻǣٻػڡ
⻰Ҳһ˵ʵڵģǺ棬ۻˡ
λĹͷЩԲ
ÿǸô쵼
ΪûˣɴҲдȥϢ׼һ
һߣͰѸոմ㱨 
º˵Ĳ࣬˵ĸ
Ǿǣ֤ȻԸȥõģϱĸԸ顣
Ϊӵĸ翴˵ŮҵĶû飬ҾͻˡкӵǶóԸˣŮԸԸ⣬˭أ
ڵҲϡ¶ǰҲֹ顣
ûӴ¶ˣʵ⡣
ԣԴͻȻһ£ͻȻһ¶
˵ģڱݵϢ
ܾ֮ǰһϢ
δʱ仯֮һЩƶԽԽѣ˺ܶķΪ
ݲûз¶Ҳˡ
һũŮĳɼ˴ѧȴûϴѧǱ˱Żס
Ů˵ģ˸У˼롣Ҳʶͬѧʦ
ûȥѧУ֮ѧУʦ߷ãȻ֪顣ΪŮ˵ӣǼ޹
ʦֱع飬Ѱİ
ͱ֮˺ܶ˵ע⣬һЩھϢȱ˸п顣
ԭ˻ѾΪÿÿϿɵ顣ÿ֮һŬŮޡΪŮޣܸԼһһϱ
ܶ˰Ÿȥ˼빤һνиŮ˼šЩ飬ЩŮѹ⣬ԼҲ뷨һΪԼûɵĺ׼
ͻȻ󱳷
δݵδ


439 439
ص, ֺһ˶ٷ
ǻ֮ǰͺ˵ţȻ໹Ҫñλͬ־ˡ
ԼŶҲܾûȥ, ݵĸӶӡ
κһɲ, Աݵʱ, ȴֻǲ֪, ͬ־᲻һ⡣
ìܡ
һϣһӹܱݣѱá
һ棬ҲΪݶûһ˲š
˼ȥɴ˳Ȼˡ
Էʱ, Цźģ濴ôԱʲô顣
, һЩõĽҲǲġ
, ݵ, Ҳֻǿһ֣Ҳ˵Ҿöҿһֵ뷨, ˼롣ǹ
Щ˼벻ı, Ҫԣѡ찡
صĵͷ
˵ĺܶ԰ϰյ˼Ҫ·ҲԸ߳
, ǰԼסˡƫƫǲܲܡƶͻܶ಻ء缲Ρ
һЩ⻰˼ˡ
ʵ, , ôΣ
Ц, ûǸλã⿼϶ҲƫġһʱĻò÷ΪؼҩһǱĬûġҩҲǳܶ鷳ԣǣҲһῼǡ
ˣͬ־̽
֪ľġ
ܹʮ겻ҡǾĵȻܼᶨˡֻ̬Ҫܹκñݣٶ鷳Ҳܶš
쵼лᣬҲԿҩ֮ܲκñݡ
۾ˣЦǱݺܻӭͬ־ĵͬ־ʱ
ҲŤˣô˵һȥͺˡ
Ǹ˵ĴЦúúã㾡ᣬλö׼ˡҪǲͬ⣬ȥ̸
¶˫̸ˣûˡ
뿪֮Ǿȥг̸ˡ
ȻҪ϶ֻƽˡ̫Ӱ칤ˡ
ɵȲ
ĹɾͣƽԼҲ˼Ƴǵǿܶˡ
ԸŵλãҪҪҪһȨ
ȷʵ۵ˣһ·˯ġ
صֿ֮˸Сᣬ˽⻨ڵĽȡ
Щ쵼Ǹ߸˵ĺ㱨˸Եĳɼ
رǺ︺ļóгĽ裬ҪĹ֮һˡ
٩٩̸ʾԼѾϷǱߵһЩȡ˳ĺЭ顣
Щֳ߰ȻͼóĺͽԴˡ
ȻǷֳڵһЩԼƣ϶ǺϷܳǱ߲ġ
ĻԴ֮󣬾ͿԿʼˡ
üƻˡ
꣬ҲһЩ顣
ҪרŵóгһҪ򣬷ֹ֮г
ҲҪȥȻڻûʼֿȥô뷨ѧϰũƷ˾ǰͰҪһЩ̶ҵ
¼ˡ
ְ⸱Ҫóгΰ
Ϊгˣ˿϶٣˶׳ӡ
С͵СǶ٣ܶŹҪϳͲʱ̻ԶĹѻгˡгʲôԣ
⸱Ӧˡ
ź˼óгĹɢ˻ᡣ̲סԪ˸绰
ԪҲںȿϢӵ绰ЦˣôпոҴ绰
ͻȻЩԪˡ
ԪЦˡá
ܵȾ֮ǰڱݵһЩص뷨Ҳˣǰȥ˱ݣ˺ü졣ĺܲãĻҪܶࡣ
Ȼô˵ˣԪȴûȥ
׼ʲôʱȥ
ЦˣûһҪȥ˵ܲôһ¾ˡǱҲҪšϣҹȥġ
ңҲԸûɲԪԸ򹤡ҵλáȫõλи
Цˣ˵أҪȥǰ;δû׼Ժ꣬ʹˡԪ׼ѽ
ԪһȥɣҪ
¶治˵Ȼ˭˵ģҪˡ
ԪʱĻ̹
㶨ͥͻߣȥǡ
ǿ֪ȥѧϰˣȥĻǱݣѧʲôû
ѹûˡ֪ʲôط
ʡǸǱɲ˺üΣȻ󲿷ָɲɲ˶ã뿪ˡ
˶ԼǱġ
οƳǸĻֶࡣ
Ȼʵƫƫˣ̾˵˱ݵ֮󣬻һתǣһ뷨
ʵʲô뷨
ȥݣǱ̫ˣԾౡ֮
⻰ˣΪԼˡո˵ʲô
˵ȥݡûǱߵжϾ
ҵȻ֪Ǳ߶Ͼˣұ׹ˣʱˣȫô뵽Ȼô뷨ôͻȻȥˣǲǸĸ˵ʲôˣ
ģԼҲʲôҪȥ˾һͷԽȥˡ嶯ƳǾͺܺã߾ܸˣⶼƻõ顣㷸ȥݡ
ⷬͦݵġ쵼һһΪãﵱȻ顣
Щ飬ü֡
ǣ֪쵼ҡҵĹ֧֡ҲΪǵ֧֣ҹչô˳δƳǣ϶ľܶ๤ǣҲΪҾˡ
ңδ᲻һ̰ͼֵĸɲʧԼңδܹľԼܱ֤
֪ģҵƳǣڣΪľΪƶϰ£ǹϺõڻڣһֱ顣
̾Ҳܳɹ
񻨸ΧδڹҵƳǳҵУչ·϶ǿġҲˡɲҲˣҼ뿪ˣҲܹѹãάַչͲˡ
Ȼ뿪ⷬȥ˵ġҲĲ˵е
Сδĳɼû֮ǰôˡ
һԣĳиԣڶ˿Ȼġ
ȰƸӣȥҪɼ֮ǰĳɼͻڱ˿ͻۿۡɲԣǺܲġ
֪֪ɼҪôҪôֻܵӱ·ߡǣ־ƶΪѶȥδѣҿܾͻʧȥսʤ
һǰΪֻҪԼŬ˷ܻɹ
ΪѷδѣͻһѲսʤ뷨
Ǳ˵޻
ϾڶŵУҲǺҪġ
Ϊţηѣ˺ܶೣΪɵ顣
ֻһˣǸġҪ˵˱ݵ飬Ͳ֪ôطˡҲЩ 
ͦԼġôͰǸĴȥˡ
ҡ
ȥɣҵúϺ̸̸ǿǡҲż
ЦǣҵϢ
֮Ǿͱסˣǻ򵽱ݣѶˣֱӰǸ˵һ١
֪Ǹ㻹ȥǺˣǶôһ˰
ǵ԰Ϊʱ˷Խ࣬δվλòŻԽߡ
ǵʱѲ٣أ
ǵҼǱߵġ
ǣ
Ҳǵ飬ҪǻҲӰһɽˣڱ
ǷҲǲܵġҪԼҲǿ󡣿ԸˣϺͿ˲žܾ
Ϊ˱ݵ֮ȥ߿;ˣĺøɲһӭ
ԣҳⷽ˽ĵġҲȫͬ־δѶǲġڻڣ϶Ҫȥɡھֹܸũҵĸг
ǣ볣ģ
Ȼ



440 440
ǿ̫, ûа취ܾ
սȷʵܴ󣬵ǻҲС
ǰΪгǳгͲһˡ
Ƴ, û취˵һ볣, Ϊͬ־Ƕλ档
ǲ², ڱ, ҲһǡôõĻᣬӦǻ˼ġ
ܹô׵ɼľģԼӡ
Ҳûʲôˡ
ȥǵطܹõ쵼֧, ·ҲҪߺܶࡣ
ͺͺг˵Ϣ
гҲܾȣҲû˵
Ȼ, ȷʵ˳ҪһЩʩչĿռҲҪ󡣡
ǵͷǰ, ҪǿЩ, ǲ˵ġСҲǿųɳġԺߵԶ
гСǸ, ȻԼ, ΪҲҪġɲҪ𣿻Ҳѵá
ҲͲԥˡ
ڶһ磬͸绰ˡ
, ûܾҲϸˣǰ꣬ҲһܴĻᡣܹѲѿչ, Ҳʱ䷢չˡ
, ҲЩȡǲ²⵽Լ϶ְķʽȥ, û뵽볣
Ҳû뵽Ǳߵͬ־ͬ볣
һȨˡȷʵչ
ǵҺϺһ£ľ
񼤶ǣллҲллгҵࡣ
ЦԺԼúøɣȥǱߣҲչ˲ˡ
һŬģһᶪƳǵ档Ƴ߳ȥĸɲһġ
ôŵĻҲЦˡ
ɲܲ¿಻ֱۣǰҲϸɲο
񣬻׼ôš
ͰԼƼ˵һ¡
Ϊڡ˼ǣ뿪֮󣬺Խλá
ٺİţǾǺˡ
ҲûֱӴӦǱʾῼ
ȻͻȻѾڲ֪ĸӹˣûæҡ
ʵ֪ͨϢ׼ȹȥǱ߰Ȼٰ骵ȥ
骵׼ˡ
ЦԺҪͷʼˡ
źùͰѺй˵Ϣ
ĲûӦ
һж̫ͻȻˡ⻹ɾʮأ䲻ľҪˡ
окܶ๤ûɣҪš
Ҳ֪ôӰģƼģں氲ţÿ
ЩţתҪһ֣ܸоٶЩ졣
ǰʮ껹Ҫ찡
˵ְԽϣԽ
ȻǸǺ湤гϢ
ôһ룬ʵ᲻쵼
ǣģôţҶľý蹤㽻ЩҶúɡ
ЦǡҲΪǣҿԷĵ뿪ڡ
ǣΪʲôҪ߰һֽģӲź
طſءذץʱɻܶɼͶɼ
ϺҲ֪δĻڻôӰĸɲ˭ֻ붣㣬Žڿչһģûп˷˵ѡôĳɼҴΪһ˵ĳɼ˸ҵ֧֣ҵĺûнĻڡҲһģһʹûڷչô졣
˼Һ㱣֤һһ⹤߰ġ
㡣Ҳ
ΪûйţҪ뿪¶Ҳﴫˡ
쵼ǷӦǻãǺ̸ģʵ
ǻɲϰǺ᲻á˵ôõĸɲôôˡ
ⲻǲŵǶûءôٴһҲð
Ҳ˲²⣬˵ȥˡ
ϴβǳڴ쵼ǰģǿ϶ȥˡ
ΪʲôƳǰ
˵ȥıݡ
ôԶôȥôԶǵĺøɲȥˡ
ЩܣЩġ
ϰȻ֪ڸɲǳģлĻˡ
ڵÿһߣһġ
ĺۼ
֧˵ãǾǺá
ܷչΪƶ档
ƶҪˣŰ¸ɲֻصǰˡ
β˵Щ˵ϰǶ᲻
Ц죬ûʲôǲɻȱġֻҪЩɲģǾͻף¸·Լ߳ġûһ
ˣ쵼Ҫˣϰնס
˭뵽Ƴݣ̫Ǯء
ĵɲֹݺƳͬУҪõʡɡ
ϾԺǸɲˡ
ְٶؿˡ
ЩҪģΪְˣֻҪϢͿˡ¶ɱ߳ˡ
ȥһʡ˵˱ݵѡ
ݵʡǺģĺʡûδƶƶʽҷչԴأԱ֧Ԯˡ
˲Ŷû̫ࡣ
˲⣬ʮƯ̫£ʡﻹͨ롣
ʽʡˣƳǻǣΪиг
ƳߵõȷϢ֮Ҳ֪ͨΪίǣ⺺ϳΪλίǺλ
Ͱѻ쵼ְλ׵ˡ
ҲûʲôҪƽˣ뿪ʱҲˬ
ΨһľЩᡣ
ͬ־ķӡ
̫üˡ
ܾΪһɲ֮һطҪϰ顣
ְһʰ˶֮󣬾׼ˡǱѾˣøϽȥеԼ
ڵĸɲǻֵһ˶ٷȻһϳ뿪
Щ˿ųӿԶȻʧ
ϣҲͷˣȻתͷᶨĿǰ
һ˸ЦˣҹȥٺˣͰ骵
Ͻû˵ˣһзӰš
Цͬ־Ϊɲ˼ԽԽˡ
ǵȻЦôҲȲԪ˼仯
׬Ǯˣʼƻˡ
гΣʡ֯Ҫ͹ȥȻġǱ̫Զˣȥ㡣λǱԼģҲͲ鷳ʡ֯ˣԼǱȥˡ
ϴεľ飬ε·Ͻʡ˺ܶʱ䡣
ΪԺõľòΣдϢˣȥﱨ
ǵǺصذſӭ
쵼ӶˡϾΪί³ԱδҪʹҹµġҪӭһ¡ܲܵ˽칫ˣûͬ־ȫ
ǰԼʱ䣬Щ˾¥µˡ
һ³Ϳߵ̣Ͻ߹ȥǣλͬ־Ƿˡ
Цŵӭĵһ·ˡ
࣬ΪһжӦõġ
ЦŵͷȻ˽ܡ
ггԼг칫ֻ
ǫĺһһ֡
һ棬һȥ棬Ǵͣʡ顣
ݵ쵼ǶŮͬ־ﶼżִ
֪мܹͣô


441 441
, Ҳʽ˽λ쵼ǸԸĹ
геľý蹤
츱гص
гĽ
гء
ظг滮ȡ
֣гҵ̵ȡ
ũҵء
𣬾ͺȫһˣķΧʮֵĴ
ũҵ, ˵ͻֻũҵֲ, Ҫũҵũ塢ͳƻȷĹֹũҵ֡ˮ֡ҵ֡ũҵ칫ҡ֡˿ںͼƻ֡ԼũȲš
Ѿйί, ͳȫľ, ԶЩûʲôѹ
Ψһѹ, Ϊгĵһг, ϶ǻЩϸɲǲ, ܾɼЩ˿϶ǲġ
гЦ, ͬ־ȻǸռǱݵ, 㹤ʮַḻ, ǣ϶ܹɼġ
гǷ׷׸ͣǺгô, Ƕͬ־ܹܴĳɼ
ͬ־һΪģҿ, ǱݾҪ

ϱ΢Цǿ, Щ˱˵Ժˣھͺܲġ
ҲԽԽüͷ, Ҷϸɲˣ˵ֻʲôɼǸ˼ʮ궼ûɳʲôɼء
˾û˵ˡ
ȷʵ, һո, 볣, ֱǴ
Ĺɼˣ˭֪ܲڱɼء
͸볣Ϊʱ
Ｘʮ겻ǰ״ģȻûܰѱݴԣڱݵĻȨȴʮֵء
ǱظɲгûԽ
һֲˣЩҲֹֻˡ
΢ЦôңҺܱ֤ܲô̵ʱʲôɼֻܾܣԺҲϣλͬ־֧֣
ǵֻҪڱݷչĹݸŶҪϣⷽġ
гҲЦǰǵĴ£Ǳݵ쵼һŽᡣ
ЦҴñˣǸλͬ־˼ߣһΪء
쵼ԣЦ
ãǱֵģǼ٣ǿԿǺлȨģζֻҪ֧ĹԺ谭Сܶࡣ
ɢ칫ξ͸Ű칫ˡ
гһڶ¥沼õĺˬ
ܺ⡣
Ǹʮͬ־Բݺơͷ΢ЦôҪҪõʲôȥš칫Ҷͳһʽģ֮ǰ涨ˣ˷ѡ
ˣҲϲ˷ѣ򵥾ͺܺáˣҴļ˶ˣ
Ѿ˴ȥСˡģ˴ɨˡ
ˣ
ΪܼңΪҷҵְҪõģᡣ
Цŵл
ĿǰԱϲѵûʲôԺչ԰ķˡ
Խʡ˺ܶʱ;
Ҳûڰ칫ţֱȥǱߡ
Ǿһ¥棬ֻ¥칫
ˣЦźˣ
ߵͬ־ܵҶòġ㱨
Ϳʼ㱨ˣǷĹʵ
˵˵⼸Ĺţߣһȥʵؿһµġļ¼ģܲԼۿʵڡƻͱȽס
ǵɺġ
û¶ÿѱݵ·޺ˣжܷ㡣ҲҪȥˣֻȥԼϿˡ
Ǽôȷź˼ƻҲο
̫ҪĻ͸ɾˡ
ȥɣˣǵúгҲ˵һ
һģҴȥ˵
ǵͷúùʲô˵ѣҡ
ллǣм
էôһ֧쵼̫ѵˡ
뿪ǰ칫ңֱȥг칫ңͬҲ˵Щš
гһûУʾԼš
뿪칫Һߣɵĺ˿ڲ衣
ĵǺܸ˵ġ
ΪΪͬԼ볣ҲӦˣȥʱ򣬻ƼһӰࡣ
λø˭һϾҲȡǸǱߵ˽ˡϴεһûˣȥ꿪ʼͿλãȡûȡ
ܹǵĳŵǺֵõġ
ٴλص칫ҵʱξ͹Ҫһʲô顣Ҳûרְģ쵼أҪ˴һЩ¶
ǲˣҲڰ칫ңʱͲðˡ
΢΢ȣʶλҪԼˡ
Щ벻ͨһ쵼ǻڵģϾԸ˽ߵ
쵼ԼôˣҲ˵ʲôֻǸ̾Щˡ
Ҫ˽ҡ
Цŵл
Ҳ֪һҪԣǺȣص˵˾ûءʱ治뻻
Ĺѣһ̫Ҫˡ
ؼңſԼס
˵µģʵϾϷӡ
ҲһǷЩϾˡ
ְ̾˵ҪװޣҪȻסŲԺԪСҲסŲ
ɾˣŪ̫ݻʡ
̴ְӦˣǾõɲͦ׵ģӶܹ
治Щ극֮ڲúõ鷿濴ļ
ϴֻǹοļҲֱˣÿũҵ١
ԵӵһΣڽɢ磬ʵмͥаƵĵڶꡣ
Ͼˡһֱû
ǰũҵĸгҲһЩţҺõʳӣҿѧʹûʡ
Ǳݵͬ־ʶ
Ͳ֮
֮ǰѾ˳һЩ뷨ǲҪũǮǮ
ǮǮ
֣ԼֿʼǮˡ
죬Ҳڰ칫￴ļ
ڶһ磬Ϳʼȥ濼ˡ
һţ쵼칫˾Ҳˡ
˵˿ˡֵĺܻǶˡ
¹ѻʼǿ϶Ҫһѵġ
Ҳ֪ܴá
ᣬг徢ֵܼľһ㡣
Щǲ֪ģһ·ȥ˱ݹɼɽء
ɽ˵ǽأǵسʮֵСΧܾͱȵĻһ֡
ȥɽ档
Щ쵼֪ĸг칤ˣһææӭӡ
ҲûǺѵĻᣬҪһصͬ־򵼡
ΪݵĿƳЩģЩĶЩؿҪ΢Щ죬ܶϰջὲͨأĽ⡣
ɽصسֱӽԼˡ
Ҫȷ˵Ҫ쵼ţԼˡ
ﻹЩֹģ쵼Ҫɽؿɡ


442 442
ֹɽ쵼Ϊ¹Ҫǿ, ųСҲֵġ
ɽصʱʹ˵Ѵ
˵ûǮ㽨衣ũҵ˰Ҳ, Ӫҵô, ʲôǮˡ
쵼ÿͷûޡ
Ϊ˲쵼鷳Ǵ಻, ҧذ
ʵ, ûаŹЩɽס
С, ǿǹˣǵ, Ҳȷʵʺɽϣûôذ
Ҳ⡣ǰֻĵʱ, ǾͿɽŹϳԱӣ˵ס氲ȡ
, ѹûŹٹ, ҲûƵİá
ݿʼ, ľ˲߳
ǲŵģûԸ治Ը⣬δЩԶɽôô뿪ȥع׬Ǯأ
ɲô˵´׿ں˵ԸͲš
Ծӡ
Щ֮Բ, Ϊ֪ʲôӡ
ǰСϴҲȥأóǳ˹ӵĵط, ũȥû, Բȥ
Ǻиĺ, ȥ, סҲͦõģҲû˵ҪСϴ尡
һ·ҲûСߵˡ
ԸԼȥ
Сսս쵼񲻴˵ˣǲԼ˵˻
һ·ҲäĿģԼļƻ
һվǿѧУ
ȻǸģǽũҵҲϢϢصġҪչļƻҪеؽ
֮ǰ֪Ԫ߾ǮѧУġ
С¶
С͵¶
ȥѧУ
ѧУȷʵ޵ģ߽ȥÿ༶ȴûˡ
⻹ѧУȫѧ󲿷ֶҪѧġ
ҾȻû
УϢϽӴгá
Уͬ־ѧУǺֹ۰ʧѧôߣҰ϶Ĵ󲿷ֶкиѧҳ𣿡
Уʱһɫʦ߷ˣûá˵ǽѧӷѡѧУ⼸ѧģձô˵Ҳûް
Ҳ˽ʱڵѧӷ⡣
ѣѹûа취⣬ũѧУѧӷѶܶࡣ
Լʮʱѧӷѣõһٵһѧˡ
ٻãӶ˾һʸ
ѧУӻûѧУ
гӻҪһЩЩѧУжʮ˾ͲˡЩʦҲǺŬǡ̫ˡ
һ˶Уݹļѣϻ̲סЩȡ
ã֪ˡǹȷʵѣһúý⣬ﻹЩѧУ㰲Ÿ˴ȥ
УԸ£ҴȥɣҶ졣
һˣ͵Ҫ˰ɣѧУһ̯¶Ҳ벻ˡ
û¶ƽʱҲѧУܡȽء
Ҳûپܾ
һȥѧУ
ѧУûɽǽɽ¡ļӵ˶ѧ
νѧУҲש߷䡣
޵ѧУ
СΪϵѧУѧ̫ˣ˷Դûô󡣡
񣺡
УһѧУȥˣϿεʦ
һʦӡ
Ҳ󣬴Ҳʮꡣ
УܵгߵɽСʦ˿вŻأλʦǵءʦλˣСѾѧġ
֣λͬ־ֽܹѧˣ
˶ʱЩн
һ֪ࡣ
ꡣ
ЦǺͬһģҲġ
۾һȻû뵽ǰλҲ֪ͬ־
ǰҲڲӵСѧְУ
λʦɲˡ˶ɵЦ˵Ҳӵʱ򵱵ʦ
ѡˣ
μӹһθ߿ûϡѧУҲҲңҪˣﺢӾûˡ͸ɴˡҰҲҽ̳ġѧѧĺãͿ԰ҷֵСѧˡ
СѾЦ
ʵСࣿ߼ࣿ
࣬СࡣѧУϸ˵һЩɽСѹͲѧУֺܶ꼶ֻࡣһ꼶С࣬꼶Ǵࡣ
ÿ꼶ֱҲĸӣСһҲͶʮӡҲɽСѧˡ
ÿ춼ЩϿΡһ꼶γ̵ʱ;ԼϰΰšΪӲ࣬ҲӦĹ
ǽԽԽˣСѧҵĺҲ׼ˣΪѧҪȥϣ̫Զ㡣ѧѧҲ󣬸
˵Щü۶ǳ
Ҳüͷ΢ũСѧҲ𣿡
ͷࡣ
УеѧУһʦءǲţҲȷʵûôʦ̵ܹģҲѧˣϡ
ʵǸѧҳ˼빤ʲôջûУ
̾гÿ¶ҷãЩѧҳԸͺĺ١ЩԸͺģҲΪû˴ӣºܣѧ֡Ҳʹǣ˵ѧ֪ʶԺгϢ
Ǿ˵ʲôϢܲȥˡ
˵ڹҸĸˣԺû׼С⣬Ҫˡ׬ǮҲá
Ǿ˵ԽԽ١
ʵԼ뷨أ
ǵ飬Ϊ飬ͲøɻˡʱСѾŪҰɳԣҪǸǽδҲû߳ɽĺӣʲôҲ֪ǽҵİ࣬ﵱʦ
ô˵Ϊ˲ɻҲԸ߳ġ
Цˣǰܹɻ˵ˡɽ࣬Ů޶ҪرŮޣݣ𣬻Ҫӡ
Ȼãǵõοˡ
ǻСǿǻп˼뻹ûбľ
˽֮뿪Сȥ˸ѧУ˿ͺ˵һࡣ
ѧУ֮ԼıʼǱ¼ԴԴʡ
ѧУ֮صȥ˽⵱ֲũ
ȻɽأֲũͺطҲǴͬС졣
֮ǰļ˽һࡣ
˽⵽˵صһЩزɽĲ֮ġ⣬صҰɽҲͦġҼһﶼɹһЩҰɽԡ
Щز湴ǺţȻ׼רߵʲʺϴģֲЩ
Щ֮⣬׼ֲҩ
ôһƬɽܲ²ҪҪġ
Ը־͵֡
ЩͲ˰ˡ


443 443
һݾææµµ, ҲûʲôҲû͸ŽͨҲû˵˭ùϵ⵹쵼ʲô
ȿ֮, Ҳûչ, һ춼Լڰ칫湤͵칫ġԵúܲȺ
ڰ칫æһڣͶɽصĵͼ߿дԼļƻ֮˴ҴҵԼļƻȥˡ
Ҫгһⷽ湤ġϴгپͿˣгΪЧ, Ǹʡ
ЩԱݵ˽һ˽⡣˵ʵ, Ǳݵĵ˺ܶӵĳ̶ˡĸ
ֻ, Ǹ㲻õġṩƶʽ𣬶
ǱԴ, ˼롣
Ϊ˽ǵΪˣҲͲĨˣҲ쵼ˡֱӾͺ˵Լ뷨Ҳ쵼ԼҲ֪, ϾҪº֡ԥԥ
Ҳȷʵû, ЦˡԸͺáԸ, ˵Ҫ⡣Ҫµģǿ϶һĿˡܶǰ˼ϸɲ˵ݱȹȥҪúܶ, ֪ˡ
Ҳûʧ, žͿˣЩ뷨һļƻ, 
ƻǡ
ǸϽӹ, ͷ
ǹɽصԵƶƻ顣
Ŀǰݵľ״, ԼɲĲ϶ûһӾ͸ȫƶǻ߹ȥְ취Ե㣬ȫС
ΣΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ѡɽؽԵ㡣
ҲˣɽģԵ㣬ѻ󡣡
Цһϲѵ¶ѵ¶ˣ˾Ͳ˵Ѳȥˡ
ҲѡɽҪԭ
ǱĵԵ¸ɹˣû¸ĵܻб뷨ΪΪӺá
ɽͲһˣһɽҲɹˣضҲˡ
ǵͷԴܶˡ
˹Ȼог徢
ļƻ
ƻʵɽеһũҵҵϸĸ
׼аɽũֲҶֲ࣬ҩҹӶЩũһֲ
Ϳ԰ѵزԸȡũƻˡ
ؼǲһóǮ
ΪũԼʳҲҪȳ˲ܻǮаֲЩҲһģҲԵЩˣٸаԼǮ
Ϳڱܿʽȱݡ
ƻҲϰղϡ
Ϊͨ췢֣ߵĻɲȻɲڴлȨ
ЩӻͣڹȥԴʱ˼롣ϸɲ˵һ䣬Ǿ
ʱЩϸɲʵнߣЩϸɲϵġ
һƻЩѾ˼ũͬ־ġ
ڶƻҪԴˡ
رʮµģ˼뻹ǰˡҲμƻҪĿꡣ
ΪݵδҪЩˡЩһǵ˼Լˣ޷ˡػпԡ
׼ÿϸǳӡ
ЩûֲЩмӹġ
յˡ
ҲҪÿ˶УϾһʼҲûôʵֻҪ֤һм˽ͿˡǶԱȳģ˳ΪĹˣЩ˵˼ȻҲᷢı䡣ûнȡġ
ЩһɽҾͲǻȥˡʱ޵λǶҪչҪãҪˡ˹˷ԸӵҲ࣬ʱɸҲסɽ³˼ң˭ȥ
ɽϵЩδûֲȫõģЩûɽ𣬵ʱɽ׬Ǯˣ˽ͨ㣬ҲС
񲢲ҪǶɽҪǣЩ˲ɽɽ£˼붼ʼ仯С
ǮˣɽһޣЩֲؿ϶ҪͨġҲñ
Щɽξ㣬Ҳǳɽ
ԽԽ˾ƣоöˡ˸ɾ
Ц˵һƻҪõǮˡѧУȥˣϵѧУСѧУҲСҵļƻǣһͳһѧУĺӶ顣
ԣЦŵа취ǵĺˡ
ǲҪѧѡͨԼͶ˵ѧУҪΪ׼סѧУеĺɽѧסѧУ档һܻȥһξˡͽͨ⡣
ѧѺͶҵ뷨ǣ빤
ɻûнֹʹͯĹ涨֡
˵ûǾȡ
˵ĺ統ңںܶͥдաʱϰ࣬ܶڼҪɡ
˵ֹҲȥ﹤ΪҲûǸǮȥǰһˡǵĹصڽ档
ĹֹƷ
δеֹСƷ紩ִӣСƷ֮ġֶɱͣ۸ˣڻ㡣ֻҪͺܺ
ȻҪĿҲѹեͶճϿΣѧ󣬹СʱСʱǻǷʡǾͶˡ˻ѧѧǲ֣ͨǹĶȥǮ֮ӯĲ֡
Ͼһ˵һ˷˹֮󣬶ӯġ
Ͳ׼ӯˡȫһĿʽ˵ⲻ׬ȴܹΪݽҵЩӣǴ׬ˡ
ƻﻹ涨ˣ빤ĺҪʮꡣũ壬ʮĺѾͶˡ
ʮûǲѧδҲܲͶΪúǰѧżҲῼͺѧ
Ȼܱ֤ѧʰٷ֮٣ţܹߵٷ֮ʮϡ
ģʽҲ̫ãһɽ￪ʼ׬Ǯ˼뿪ʼҲʶҪԣͿĸıЩߡҹͿԿʼ仯ˡϾǵҪѧϰ
һļƻǰɽϰնǽȥˡ
ҳ˽ѧУҪǮ֮⣬Ķǿ׬Ǯġ
˵ǳϱݵˡ
οҡ
ܾϲ
Ȼûˣͬ־һԸıݵ˲š
ЩƻѾǵķǳܵˣҲûʲôҪġΪܹôЩƻҡܸ롣
ʵЩƻЩпաκһƻǺܴľٴ롣
һɲżԴ뵽Ǻѻȥ뵽ж
ֹˣȥҿӻɹ
ֻƻʮֵӴ󣬹ƵʱˡҵʱȫȨͬ־㡣
⻰ҲǸˣ쵼ô˵ˣŹ͸ˡ
ǣңҲƴǡһȫԸɡ
Цŵͷ˵ˣֻҪڱݷչҾ֧㡣ʲôѣᡣ
쵼ڱһҪܽᣬһҪˡƳǵһ˹֮ǰڻһֱҹģɹٴĿЩ顣
ЦȻ˲ţǾͰŹԺҪǸɵĺã۱Ҳкܶġ
ллǣЦŵл
ԼҲܵ骹ǴкáǾǲαݵͬ־
骵¶װţͰ칫˵һˡ
ЩƻҪʵʩҪίᡣϾܶ෽档Ҫϣͬ⣬ҲҪŴкͨ


444 444
һ׼, ٿˡ
֮ǰǾͺгͨ˸µ˵⡣
Щɲһֹ, ֪׼ʲôֻ֪Ҫɽˡ
һʼǾֱεĻ顣
ͬ־ɽظĸƻ, ͬ־һϸĽ˵Ҷϸ, ͬ־֮ʡ
վͬ־ǣιɽظĸƻƶسǵһҪٴ롭
ƻһģֺһ̽һ£ϸ޸Ĺˡθܵ, ϸ¡˵ʱҲ
˵ȴɫ졣
ٴ뻹̫ˡ
ôûʲôĸıĸɲ˵, Щǽܡ
ֵ, ũֲҶֲҩ
ⲻҪôԱ
ɽϰ࣬ԺҪǳʲôô죿
ֹͲ˵, ǸסѧУ͵òǮǵöѧУöĹ̰
Ҫ֪, ǸԴô࣬ҲôࡣҪǶҪЩ, ζᵢ
ǶͻĴЩԽܡ
濪ʼ۷׷ס
ǵ, ˣ, ʲôʵĿʡһ
ȷԵг̫ˡͬ־˽ͻȻ仯ôһô죿
гһԣЩظɲҲˣҲǲ˵
ʲôô๤һʧˣˡ
ôѧУʽҪ١Ӹˡ
ʳ׳ġ
˼Ҳͣڹȥ״ˡ
Ǹǵһû˵ȻЩͬҲʱǵ̨
ûɫ
гҲż߰꿪ʼҸĿ֮ȫضڷ츲صı仯ı͸¾Ŀǰ⡣ĸзգǷҲζջ񡣡
г˵̫󣬵ֻɽԵ㣬ΧԲõĴʧ
ڹʳԽԽḻˣһ꣬ʲô©ԴʱǸĸĺʱڡ
󣬽ѧУⱾǵӦɵһҲռѧУûã̸ռûƻѧУҲҪġ
һĻظЩҲ
ڸ˵Ҳ˵ˣʼͶƱɡ
˵ţֱӾ֣֧֡
һŵ쵼Լص츱гܲгܽгˡ
ԼҲ˸֡
һ¾Ʊ
гǱ߾Եˡ
룬Ǹž֣ʾ֧֡
ƻȫƱͨˡ
û뵽ܹô˳Ϊʲô˵ۡϾĸĸζźܶıʡ
Ժܶ˼ؾɵͬ־˵һս
ô׾ͨˡгǲͬ⣬Ҳֻűͬˡɴ˿ɼ֮ߡ
ͨǾֱİ壬ϵͳͬ־Ҫϡ
ͬ־㿴ôţԼšǵ
ɸмˡǸû˵ĺ쵼
ǣҾ⼸ͬʱչϾͽѧУҪʱġ߶ʱũҵҲԿʼˡڿˣӼֲѡ֣ⶼҪʱġ
ã㰲šǵͷ
ǵ֧֣񵱼ڻŰˡ
Ҫǲͽ顣ģû׼ϾݵĵҲ
һÿ˵˼ܲƽ
ƽģһ˰칫ңǵлոջ֧֣ҪȻûô˳ͨ
Цŵ֪ԱݺãҲôֵ֧ġ
ǣͲҸˣ
ʵ𣿡
Цһûѿ϶Уȥ˷ˡֻҪҲҾͲʧˡ
Цˣ˵öԣֻҪͲʧܡ
ȻһתСհԼܹɼ
ҳƻܹмƻ
갡ЩĵüͷüӿˣҿܵȲôá
Ҫиס
һֱڱ֧
ҴţҪ뿪ˡ
ԣһ¡Ӧûûʱɡ
ݣ뿪¶˶ֻ֪˵ˡҲи
ҲĻѹ
һôٴͬ־ǻᱻѹѹˡ
ѹУûк¡ôͻȻҪ뿪ˡ
˼ʮ궼ûߡܲڲݵı仯ͻȻߡ
벻ͨҲʡֻѸٵļʱ䣬֮ǿԿɼġ
Ǿͺãһܵȵ㡣˵Ц
վҵץʱˣϻȥ·֪ͨȥɽᡣ
ȥɡ
Цŵͷ
ˣ˽ˮŵĳóҩƿӡ
ҩ֮;Щƣˡ
Сڰ⼸ͬ־Ƚæ黹û͸졣
ãҲҪչ˺尡ҩҪʱԡ鵣ĵĲˡ
ǵİɣһŵס
ûкÿıϣ֮ǰǷĲµġ
ҪɽضֵϢܿʹȥ
߶߶ġ
ִԶСɿĴԾɽոг쵼ȥˣҪǿúһ¡
ɽص쵼ǶЩţÿ϶֮ǰոг￼ʱ򣬶زˡҪˡ
Щ쵼ҹȥô¡
ȻֻʵһЩµ顣
Ҫ֣ƺĿ겻ǣϰա


445 445
Ǹж, һźãȥɽءһǰŵ飬Լн־ֳ, ־ֳ
һɽɲ·ӭˡ
سԼѾ΢΢ͺͷЩš
Ȼ˵βЩɲ, һҪд, ǿ϶Ҫٸıġ
Щ
ر˵λ쵼ǳ, ˵֮ǰڻڵίǵʱ, ɲֱӴ䶯ˡ
ʮֵɽô, ٻҲ϶ڻҲûʲôð
سʱ뷭ۣĵϵ˵, ھǵݵ, ⻹긻ǿ, ׼һЩء
ţĳӾˡ
˶ˡ
ĳһͣ, 쵼Ǿӭˡ
Ϊϴ쵼Ƕϵĺг, ӭгݰָ
Цŵ, ̸ָ, εǿҪפˡҲҪλˡ
ɽ쵼ǣ
߰ɣȻȥᡣŸ˶ϣȰ֪ͨˡ
˵˳ǰߡ
, ĸɲǸϽҲԼĳӸϡ
·϶ֹ, 쵼̫ˡ
ûʲô, Ѿ൱ˡ
ҪڻڣҪǻĸ򱻴϶ֱˡ
ɽڱһ˲ѻ
ûѧ͸ɴ಻޺ѧУ˲
ҲΪֳ̬ȣɽص쵼һﲻ²̬ȣһææķ֪ͨټ˹ᡣ
ûң׼ϡ
ڻˡ
ĸɲǣд֯õһɽиɲرЩҪ쵼ǵ
ЩҲǸгɼġҪȻҲû취쵼
һģҲǻ£֮󣬾Ȼɼˡ
ֻܾ֮࣬ԼġֻɽصĴ󻷾ޣֻҪһᣬġ
￪˻ᣬǹɽũĸԵļƻ
ĸɲǣɽ⼸һֱǱݷչأݶǵ׵ġ
⻰ֱ׵ĸɲǶĵͷ
ЩҲ˼ӡ
ɽϰգҲϰաΪϰչϸԣϹҸĸ￪ŵĲɽҲиĸ
£ɽĸ﷽ļƻ
õĸĸƻһһ
ɽɲԽ۾Խ
⶯治СҪɽض츲صı仯
ЩɽϸɲǶ궼ûйˣ䲻ôһӣʱЩӦ
ܹ󵽣ЩһʵʩҪķѶ
ϵ£иɲöˡ
ؼǣƻ棬˼ҲͽһᲹǮ棬ﶼͶǮ

ǴȥŪǮ㽨谡ǳˡ
Ϊ˱֤ЩЧʵʩҲҳפɽΪǽĸѡ

˵ĺʵҶгලҹءԺȫصͬ־ҪλƤӵ¹ˡ
سŵĿǣҲЩš
Ҫݵһ죬ŰľݵģҪݵʱôһ¡
ҪǸˣ˳
֮ԾûңΪɽô겻ǰ״ģ֮ǰҲиɲҪıɽȻû˾ˡ
Ϊλг¹ѻ𣬺п;ЧȻͷ֮ôһĸĿʧˣ˭еΣ

ɽɲЩţôĹ̺ܿ˵⡣
Ǳ¹ô룬¶Ѿﶨģܸĵġ
ıľߣǲܵġ
ĻҵʱûǷӦʱ䣬ǿʼһһѯɽˡ
ĿǰĽũҵ˿͸
ɽصЩͬ־׼زϣһʣҲܻش
ͷЩֻοҪ£ϸݡɽչһȫطΧ˿ղ顣
УͯˣҪϸݡ
ɽŸ˼æӦˡ
ũҵͳƸѾδֲж١ͳһũͬ־ĸ״Ҫϸݡϸµÿһÿһ
⼸񣬾㹻ɽ¶æµˡ
Ϊ˱֤ɲܹЩɹС飬Ÿɲ磬ҪɲݡЧʣͬ־ǣҪ׷ЧʡЩʮʱɡ
Ϊʮʱ͹ˡΪ嶼иɲС鳤С鳤Ҳ԰ͳݣЩֻҪʼղˡʣµʱǸһԼй£ݵġ
ԼθʱǺܳġɶɽЩɲ˵ֱǿˡ
ô̵ʱ䡭
ֿܻ᲻㣬Ѹʶֵټ־ԸߣǰæһǷǮ
Щû׼ǻɲԤˡ
سӲͷƤӦˡ
쵼ⶼˣҪ˵ѣ˵ȥˡ
һҪģгξȫ񶼷ǳ֧֣ҸлǵչˡǡʽȷʵŲôĿ̸ѧУڳаصǮ͹Ǹ衭ò
ЦǮ⣬ҾͲרҵˡֳ˵
ֳΪĿǮӣӹ⡣

ȳأȻЩλȥ
ⲻǽǮ
ĶɽظɲµľǷծˡ
ԽԽҽǮûǮ
ô˵
ѾûǮ⡣
ҪûǮֱֻλˡ
ɽɲǳĬУλʹ˽
ŶŪһʱ칫ң칫칫
ɽɲǻص԰칫֮󣬼Ŀʼ̫ۡˣ±
ȥһȦͺгͬ־ǻЩӦڻûչ̸¶
żüһ¸λͬ־İ̬ȡ
Ǵ˸绰㱨λ
ǵǱߵĸɲǲǺǻڵĲܴ󣿡
ûУʵҶǺģֻʱûҵʩչķδǶܰɽչĸá
Цˣϣˣúøɣﶼ֧Ĺġ
һߣɽصĸسҲں졣
Щû
ʵﶯ̫ˣľʹһ
һʲôǶҪǰþþ׼ģβһʱ䣬©˵ֱӶˡ
سһЩţԴЩ
ǰ˵εɽǺǻҾûãʱ򷴶ˡʱҪֵֶĲãﻹҪǮϰաⲻѩϼ˪һźҪĿ첻ãͻš
ôԶʵǰҲһЩĴʩǴʧˡ
ʵʩЩߵҲˡ

Ǳڰ칫˼ȻŸسˣˡϽȥλɻ칫ء
Ͻģĸɲ˵ҪҪ
سһ͵⣬ʱǲ̫ˣ
ҪȻأ̬ȣ㲻˵㣬ʮǶܸϵʮһ졣
ǡ
ල֮£ɽ¿չʷҵһλղ鹤


446 446
εĻ, ľǻɲˡ
رЩϸɲǶǴʱ߹ϸɲЩһˣȻû, ΪԾѾˡ깤ǰþðģͻȻߵļǻһûӦ
ƫƫߵż, ܲɡ
쵼˵, ĸû񣬾Ͳǵɲˡ
Щ˶ϸɲĻԱ˵Ǹ¶ɲ棬ÿµĹʡһҪǱְˣǶඪ
ΪЩϸɲҲżʵڼ, ϸɲǾۼһһ, ɲ갡ɵꡣܸܲݡ
֪ʱǻѴ, ʶֵҲټ, һ˿ղ飬
Ϊ̫٣ȻҲġ
ϴ峤϶Ҫ, һٺˣҲеĻģϽңһһֻҪģҪ
ŮҲҪ, ҵĹŮ顣
ĴС¶ǲŮӵġ
ϴ峤, ȻҪʲôŮ, Ͻϣ
ǴɲָϽڴ˭ģŮС
⵹ǴһθĹһЩʶֵˣôǱʡ
رЩԼҺ飬ܹϴæ˼ңﶼЩԼҺ˲ܰϴæ˵ǰ׸ɣйǮġ
еԭҲеõ뷨
ΪЩÿӶæȻġ
Щǿϸɲ˸ɻͱ߿ֱģĸɲҲ֪ҪʲôͻȻôżɱҪ߼ˡ
㼯ͶҲͦõģܳԱ
㵱ȻˣϲԴ
˵˭أ
һԲϾͶˡ
ϴ峤ˣɤӺһ䣬ǰɣӲæء˭ң껯ָûˣ

ֵͣˣϴ峤һҡ
⻰쵼˵˵Ҫˣʱأ¶ʲôҰ
Ϊ쵼Ҳûڰ칫Ϣ
ǳʱȥ˿ʵ֤Щ˲ľûģеѹչֳˣжҲûȥͣԼæ
Լ绰ϵʡרطǷʺֲƻЩƷ֡
֮ǰڻڵľ飬Щ졣
רɽص쵼ǽӵذȥԼƳǵĳ÷˸绰
÷ͬ־ʡز˾Ǳ˽𣿡
÷Һϵܶ࣬˽⡣
Цˣ׼ڱֲҶҩģࡣЩǣ𣿡
ȻۣЩɶĿǰҪʡǡгҪʡز˾
ܺȻãǻܴġЩΪǱݵҪũƷǱݲûЩ
̫ˣɢ߶ʡôûܹʡﵥλá
÷Ĭһ£ƺ˼⡣Ƭ̺гңĿңô
ƳǺ
ǣƳĿǰĹģôƳũƷ˾ûǱˡΪȱ˲š
̵̯̫󣬾Խ˲š
ʡز˾Ҳ׳ְ֦λߣֻһŵ۾һֻˮһࡣҲƳǵʡ뿪µ±ݵũƷ
Ц÷ͬ־ҪĵĹɲرȥʡˡҪɼεġ
ҲǸᡣܲãܹٽũƷķչɼۡ÷ŵ
ܵţЩ΢ԭҲԴİ
̲סЦˣãȻ֣ҵȻ㻹㹻׼ʱ䡣߻ûءһڶչһЩصĲҶԼ࣬֡
ܹٴκ÷Ҳɾʮ㣬ھͿȥгıߵгЩƷ󡣡
̸ףЩûʲôĵˡԳ÷ǺεġһȽϿ׵ͬ־
ˣǼӹҪͷۡ
һǼʽ𡣼ǮʽǴˡ
Ȼ˼ǹ⿿ѹҲܴ󡣶һҪչȫӪλûܹиҵ
ǵʡ
ĿǰȷʺֲĶ֮˵
һڡ㹻ˡ
Щƻһһ¼ڱʼǱ档
ǰ骸¼ģû黹治㰡
гͬ־ˡ
˽骡
糾ͣȻҲǼææ·ġ
ˣЦгˡ
񿴵˵վЦеʲôϸأû
ЦŵˣֱӴ˹ġ
㾡Ϥһ¹ɰ˲ٹˡ
骸Ͻл
Ц鲻ÿΪ˱ݵķչȻˣҲѹһ¡
ҲŻȥǷء
˶ЧʱȽϸߵģһʱ䲻⹤ͽˡ
磬Ͱֱӻȥˡ
ʽΡ
ôĿ鼤ȥ㱨ʱ۾Ź⡣
Цɱ̫ˡҲˣѡﶼûһݣʲôˡһж̸ֽĽ׶Ρ㵽ʱɲɡҪ׼
骵¿ͷѣҲѰгҾĿһɹ
ͬ־ĺ㰡Ȥ
骵ͷгġ
ЦЦ֪ǸøԼĸȾߵˣǸߵ˶äĿΡ
Ϊ¶ɣɵĹҲΪ˳ͼء
ﲢûе˵ʮ˳ɡ
骵ļ룬Ҳ˳ֶˡ
ǸӦǿġ
ɽһ죬ͰߵϤˣȫûгէС
ŪһͨѶ¼£һɫͨߡ
ÿ϶һԱЩԱҪ㱨ЩĿصĹȡ޷飬ֱӻ㱨ߡ
Ҳͨɫͨʱص˽⵱صĹȡ
ôһţҲѹˡ
ر쵼ǣһгҲôеģˡһֱߴ潻ǧҪ
ѵģسֱӼѣʲôѰֱȥǱ߰гǽأҲʱȥǽѡ

ϸɲͲˣ͸Ͻȥߴġ
һԭ͸˴ɲǡ
һһĸѹ쵼£ɽصĸɲǳֵչֳԼ¿಻۵ľ
ڹ涨ʱ޵


447 447
ͬʱ, ɽˮⱨҲų 
ɽʺ֥ Ρ ۹ȶвҩҲʺֲ ʮֻϲ 
عȻǱ ÿһƬֻҪúþӪܳΪ۱衣
µݺͼⱨ ǲǿʽչˡ
֮ǰеļƻֻһƻ, , ܿʼչϸϵİš
Կʼֲж, ĳеٹˡѧУ, ܹЩѧ
Щǡǡѣصġ
ֱɽרС顣
˵鳤, ɽǵθ鳤Ÿ˵ԱЩݺЩƻϸĺ㡣
ȻĿǰвҩõֲʱ괺, ǰ׼ɲ١Ҫǲץʱ仹Ҫ
Ĳ˵ ũؾҪ ΪЩũɲһҪֲģ㲻ǰ, Ǿũˡ
ֲҩ֮ǰ, ҪЩؽбάΪʵҩʱɲ㳤 
Ϊ˻Ϊ, ÿһСԱһ, С 
Դ, ÿһֵ ηֵÿһͷ 
ͱ˹ģ, 
ɿɽЩɲǡ
Ĺϰȫ, ƫƫûı, ֻܹҧӦ
ֵһ, ϰ֮־ԽԽ˳ˡ
һϸļƻ֮ʹһӣʼڻ˼ˡ
аصԸԭϰյԸΪ ǣǻҪɲ˼빤 ȡԽԽ  
ɽɲܽһ⻰˼ϰռӲǵɣҪϰռ뵽٣ǸɲĲ 
쵼⻰˵ġ
˵˼͵쵼ԭġ
֪쵼ǰѹЩɲ ɽĸɲҲֻ
ʼһһ洫Ϣ
ɵĲ ǵˡڵɲߵʱ򣬵Ƕһɵĺн
зɲĹиӵֲ
Ҳ˵ ĴҪǶ ڳ˳а֮⣬ᷢ
ڻͬ־˵Ǻܴġ
ƽʱֵ󣬲ɽ׬ǮҲΪϰǾԼӦôӵġʾǮǰ˻֪ȥ
ر⻹ڶӾ¶ 
ӵĸɲô˼Ҫ΢Ƚһ㣬Ǽ棬֪õʲôӵ ҪȻҲҪԼĺ飬ȥˡ
ЩԶ˵ҲǺҪġ
ѹͽĹ֮ͬ ɲǿʼжˡ
һжĻ֮ǰϵЩ 
﷢֪ͨҲ˵ˣȻʱЭ
ͨϴ֮ ɲҲЩ˰æȷʵɲ٣ȻҲˡ
ܲȱʵںľЩɽûɶʶҲȻʡͻȻõЩϸɲ£ԺǶЩʮֵĻ رڹĹеõĿ޺Ľ ˼빤ʱ ܵϸɲ
һʱ䣬ɽ£еĴӶԵּ ɽϰҲ֪Ҫаֲҩĵ¶ 
ǶϢ̬Ȳһ󲿷Ǿܾġ
ҩĻҪɽﲻҲ𣿡
ֲܳԣô࣬һûʳô죿
سаȥˣǸʲôѽ 
ԴˣϸɲҲͬɻ 
ôҩʲôҽԺҽҲȥҽԺˣڶҩˣҪ롣
ʵڲôĿʲô
ļǣҪϰǮǰֵػÿڲͬˣسаȥԱ 
ũֲҩйء
ȻֿԵ ֿԵ밡 
ϴ峤̸ ʲô Ǻ£Ҫҩǿ϶ԭġǲЩʲôҪԼʱ ŵĳаǰƽĶġǮǵǼſˣ¶
ҿɸǣָģҪǲμӵĶ࣬򻯷Լҵׯ ȫ ˭ҶϺȡ
ַյСׯ棬ɲǵص ȨǺصġһ ʱһһ˼빤 ЩҲͽεسаˡ
Ǯܰ׵һݹ¶Ҳȷʵͦõ 
ֵæµţҲû ѸٵĴȫطΧĸɲΪвҩֲм 
ҪвҩֲרѧϰҩֲȻȥ̴вҩ 
ΪɲɽػһУϸбҵѡΡʮ£ʮ 
ѡҲʮֶ 
ʱѵõķ˸СƢһˣѡҲٶ Ҫѡһ߿ָˣǾȻ٣Щ굽ʲôȥ 
ɽصĸɲǶ̧ͷҲ޻߿ֿʮһ ÿֵܼҵȷʵҲͼʮҲ⼸΢һЩһֽ˵λһֽ˲šʣµĵȻˡ
ȴٹ¾ǿѧ ְռƻִкùҪôรûа취߽ ˵ǹ
ɽ־ֳ 
ũҵ־ֳ͵͵ֺ ߹˳˳ ѵʱˡ
־ֳ߽Դ㣬ʱѧˡ
ǵѧУû һѧ ûطϿΡҲԤĵµƹ֮󣬽ôӰ 
һ붼Ҫ룬͸˸⣬ܺð вŵпյĲֿ⣬칫¥ԸʱáʱʱһƶʽڰӦûɡô̡ũЩѧУҪöˡԴҲð죬βѡǸټһ ʱСѧ ڶ֯Щ˲ʦ
û취˲Ųֻˡ
ȻԵѧУٸǲϲšʲô¶Ҫץʱţ꣬Ⱥˡ
־ֳϽûû һѶˡ
һɽĽϵͳҲʼæµˡ
سǶоѹɽһ 
֮ǰ;ϣ̯ôˣͦ𾢶Ӱ
ҿ̯ӻԽԽ
ˣʣµĻй 
ʱҪȫطΧй 
ǮĵطɽҪȥ뵽ҪôǮ ͷۡ
ûʧžͿʼɫַ 
¶ɲţЩҩںܿ죬ӹҲҪʱ䣬Ҫҩĳ֮ǰãԱѵ 


448 448
Ϊѡַ, ʹСԱŸ֮תһȦѡΪַڵء
ƽÿ֮䶼һҩļӹ
ӹӹҩҲвͬǸݵֲҩֵġ
ѡ֮ԼȥƤ, ɹ, Ȼҹ̶Ӷȡ
ǰѴܶˡ
ɽصĸɲֻЩԼͺһ, һûͣ
ƫƫδҲûͣ, ΪֻǸտʼѡδҪĹ, ֻҪҧ, , Ӹˡ
ϰֹ״̬æôһӣúܳ㡣
żܾʲô¶ˡ
һʱּǲ, ˵ûɶ¶
ĥϰûԼʲôȿֽϹڱԪϷ¼ʱһŮأŮհ
ϻȥԪ绰˵һ
Һˡ
ڱʼǱϼ¼֮ϸԪƪԽ, ЦԽ
ԪҲûŰ, ֮ǰͨѶֿʼ¼ˣҪתˡ
ҸɵĶ顣
ΪϢ, 鼫ã°, ׼ȥԪ绰ϲջصɽŵķ, Ϳɳ濴ĸŮˡ
˵ĹȥԪӵ, 룬;˸򣬰Ԫڻﰤ
ſ˫׼ӭӵԪ飺
ԪɾͿˣЦ裬æûѽ
ǰÿ춼Ҫ绰ģЩæûʱ绰ˣʱ˯ˡӲ绰
ְ˵һֱæࡣ˯ʱ軹æ̫ˡ
ЦԪˣæˡ
úϢۻˡСԪ˵ѾʮֵɫľͺСһ
һĲˣ̵̹ġо඼ûʲôˡ
ԪߵɳϣſĴ󹦳ԪְֹôҴ绰һȥǣ
ԪЦţȥ̫ˣԼԪҲôģԲԣ
Ԫͷ࣡ӡ
жԪлл
ֹлҲллԪ̵áԪһա
ѾԽԪ΢΢ü¶ˣƤɫҲҪллҪͷ࣬ʾʮԡ
΢΢һ죬ȻԪʾأע㡣
Ԫְֿ֣裬˿֪ڽʲôǾÿġְ趼ء
˵ĵƽʱٻļԵࡣ
Ҳѵõ粻ȥϰˣ绰骣˵ȥڼүԷ졣
Ԫչô
߸ԼҺӼвˣߵǴˣھǿʼһʵʩ
ʲô˵߽ѧУǮûᲦ
Ҳ飬ͷԣʱߵͬ־ϵǡǮҽҲãǵǽ衣нлҲãߵͬ־Ҳ֪ϧԴ
ƶԭԸ裬Ҳá
ΪԼϰշ¸ḻԣҲֻ
Ԫ鵹ǲÿɷ᱾Ϊõģôԡ
б𣿡
ôûѣÿһУǶԿ˷˷ѵĹҲǳɳĹ̡ɽЩɲһɳġ
ʮŵ
ԪЦҹʱ򣬿Ҹˣ˵кʵͶʣʱ
ԷĶһ٣ȻʵôôȻ֮ǰͶҲ׬ǮˣҲû׬
ͶʡڻĻܱڹĸҲʼҡˡԪϿ֮ǰ񵱶ϱ¶ڻǺܿ𡣾ҪûӣҪûԲŻ˸Ŀʱõǹɶ硣ҲΪǲŵĶӸɵ飬ڹںѵõ֧֡
һҿɲӦ
ܹ˫ӮȻáҲŹͶʡϾȷʵҪ
¶Ȳżҵ뷨ǵҩֲһ֮ƷȥһвҩͶʻᣬʱߡ
ԪЩĿ
Цôͣ
⼸ͨѶչ㲻֮ǰͶǮ׬һʡ˼ǮͶˡ
ЦҲ֪ԪںϷ¼¶ˡǮɲ
˵ţӵ֣ҵĽ
ȻûǰһԪ鶼ģҲΪҪҲɡ
Ԫ̵ģץס֣Ҳ󡣡Ҫʱʱڡ
ֻĸ򵥵㡣ɿĸ
극֮ǸϿ˸绰
Ͼ˼ҶôˣӦе֡
Ͽڵ绰͹ϲˡ
ЦΪϵҲˡ
Ͽ͵֪ݣǵطÿɲôãȷʵˡ֪ûҪǿͶʵĵط
ʱûУڲŸոտչء
Ŀǰɽص˵һ顣
Ͽûз˵ĽһвҩкܸȤ
֮ⲻھƣ͸ɴҪǷĻԹʵؿ̸
ãͷҲûʲôԪҲǱ߰ɣʱԺһϷ
˵绰֮Ԫ˵¶ϿͶʡ
ԪΪ̫ˡӲɲҸɽ
ڿԪ⻰͵Ԫ
ԪЦķһԪ²Ҳᰲŵĺúõġ
ΪסɽίԺ˵ϢҲܿ챻ˡ
֪гﰮ˺ͺˣرǵѵûǰϰ࣬Ҷһ⼸Ӧûɵˡ
˭֪û꣬ͳɲˡ
λгѹûзɵ뷨Ȼ֮ǰһԷʱڼϢһʱȻͺһġһҪȥල
ΨһĺϢǣνѧУǮ˵ˣԪԸǽǮѧУɽؽֵͬ־ɶˡ
ǮǾȥڽѧУררãɲ֮ܺǰŲˡ˭ҪǶһǮ˭
־ֳ֤һÿһǮʵλ
ʵ˼빤ô
ûչ߻Ҫͳʱܹڳѧϰĳж١
üͷ΢壬ͳѧжˣڳλãΪʵڲλã¥ó
־ֳˣһֱԴѧг˼ҪѧԴ
гӽֹ˵˵ѣҲΪɷƶ
Ϊģʱʲôܱ쵼ԼĹء
ǰǾԴҲҲӣȻҲʹպˡ
쵼ô֧֣̬ȻôᶨǾͲһˡ
ʱȻгұ֤ʱɹúǶѧȡͯѧ


449 449
־ֳ˸, øҲڽˣԺҲҪԸйġԾ͸ɲҪ˼빤úãѧʸߵ, ԺйȿǸˡ
й, ȻҪص˼ߵͬ־ˡ
йصڻæĸʱ
ŶԻϣЭ, ѸԹɵĸá¸˹ͬĿꡣ
ӽ־ֳеˡȥ֮, û˵ʽ֪ͨ, øȰѧ˼빤
ͯѧܽ
ⱾӲҪ쵼Ը⿪ô, Ҫǻ, Ǿǵʧְ
쵼ǸɾְɲᣬϢ
ɲһĶԴˡ
ص¶æ, ˡ
鲻ĲһڴҲʶ֡
֪Щϸɲ, ֱ, ѾڽҩĳˣʱҪйģ˵ˣĸѧʸ, ʱصƸĸӵˣ
ϢͲһˣϴ峤Χ򳤴Ǹʲô, ô
ЩϸɲܱЩмʶһЩ֪ѵõĻᡣ
Ժ仧͸ˡ
ȻԼ, ɴҲбȽ׽˼ҡԼҲɲô
ʲô֪ǹģ϶Ǻܴ, ﶽС𣿷ǻ, Լˡ
쵼ô˵, Ҹ˵ĲˡĴӣԺ϶ġ
úúø㣬ȥ˾ͺͰ񽻸ȥˣúõ˼빤ͺȥȥ
ѵ鲻Ǿɵӡ
ǰԼһǮͺȥء
ϰջΪ˳аص¶æšҸҪѾճرһǳаʱˡ
һҪֲҩԺǾĲҩֲˡ
ЩʱǸһˣһõǮɱ֮ǰԼׯҪ࣬һա
ΨһǲǣĺӲֲܹòʡֻԺŴ֡
ǰԼɻôУѸҸɻܾÿˡ
Щũͬ־Щ֪ôżЩˡҲȥæҲ㡣
Щ˾ߴ·ӣԼҺӵĸģֲܲܲһǮ
ϢǸЩũͬ־һѡˡ
ѧѧУԲֹùǮ
ѧ󣬹ؼùǮž
ЩкӵĻȥѯ¶
ѾһЩɲͷʱĽˣȥѧУѧѧУ֯ѧ빤ȻǮȥѧľûҲƣʮϲУ̫С˸ɲû
ʮզŰ
ʮ¾ѧҲѧġļ˵ˣӽ꿪ʼûʱѧģԺѧУҲûʸμӹ
һӴЩҳúӵʮѧ˼ˡ
ʱȰѧģ˸ӣʲôͺȥѧ
ǲҪϸɲ˵ˣĺӶ࣬Ժлȥϵˡ
⼸ŸɲǸɻǾûµأɵĶǱʸӵĹ
ҲǸܵ˸ũñʸӵĲͬˡ÷紵ɹؼǻ档
ûɶʶҲʼԼˡҪȥĹˡֻиĹôĺӶȥ飬ǻͶˡ
ǵȰ˵ҸкӵĵǶ⶯ˡ
סŮȥ飬ҪΪ׬ǮСĶû˴ѧУȥѧ֡Ȼ˵ҪԴʳ˵ֻ٣ѧУһ١⻹ʡһٷĿˡ
ôһ㻹ͦ㡣
ϴ峤Ҳڴ£кӵıͺȥѧϰҪӦҺ٣Ҫμӽ
ΥߵģǴĻӡ
ϺȵģǴҵĵˡ
ǰûǮϣˣ˭нڡ
Ů޶ȥŮҲҪռģ
ӴǼĴ˾ͿʼЩȥѧˡ
СҶǴӴģѾʮˡиʮĸ磬һܵһá⣬ԺҪ绻ףɩӻġ
СҶҲûϡ棬һֱ߶ģκ
Ů޳綼Ҫ˵ģϼ׶ð
ʮĺڼҲͶˣƽʱϴɨ𣬴ܵãܹöĹҪ
겻һˣµȥѧУԺ󻹵סϣżٲܻ
СҶûϹѧĺ˵˵ѧд֡Ȼ棬Ҳ뿪һȥϡô󣬻ûȥϡ
裬ܲȥ¡
Ͳˣʲô˭ܳ˲ɡضаˣҲɲʲôˡȥ׬Ǯ㵱ױ
ȻҲ˵ĺʵϣ׵Ůûмױġ
ӶȥܵҲȥôȥˡȥ
СҶ۾ͷûҷ
һ͵͵ȥԼС컨˵¶
˵ôİҲûȥһزô죿
컨ǼΨһŮӣ磬Եü￴һЩ
СҶϺãƯǷǺɫש߷˵Ǵ˼סġϴλһǣر𡣡
ҰҰͣ·𻹼ǵǸζϧͳһСˡ
Ҳ֪ȥѧУܲ򵽡
СҶû˼զģ컨˵ãһЩ档
˼ҵôģ
ܶĺӶСҶһδ֪δЩţã
ǴＫĺѧУõʦǵĹ
Щʦ֪İ֮󣬸֣ɷ
ԺƾɵСѧУҪȡˣǶҪȥϽ顣ϻҪµѧУסѧУԺеĺӲرˣǿϳסѧҲ©꣬ôĵú͵ơΣöСд֡
ѧѣõûǮˡ
ż飬վڵͰƾĽǰʮʮѧɽضԽһΰ
ǣǸźʱˣԺȥõĻˡԺѧϰҲ࣬Ҳÿ·ˡԺÿкܶѧһѧһ꼶һ꼶꼶Ƕ꼶Ҳûˡ
鲻ҪǮ¼ﲻҲܼ顣
ѧУһٷԺҲðˡ
СѧͿֱϳСôõĽѧǾиİտСѧˣɲѧңҽ
ʦ˵ţԼ۾ˡ
·𿴵Щӵδ
ǰ붼δܹСѧҵϸУллˡ
֧£ڿиδѡˡ
ͬ־ǣ´αǾȥϼˡʦҪѧУţֵܲǵİϽˡһҪǵǰļ࣬Ҫϧ֮׵ѧϰᡣúͷأԺر
ǻʦ飬Ҳ֪ڡǿʦˣ²⣬ӦǺ¡ǸҲܺãݵ¶Цݡ


450 450
ΪҪݱŽѧ, ÿӶҪǰ
֮ǰȵĸоαٶҲܿ죬ûġһھͰѴı͵, ͳƺ˽
־ֳݸ͹ˡ
ݿƯˡѧаٷ֮ʮ㲻, аٷ֮ʮˡ
ѹҲܴˣѧﵽһǧˡ
ƽҪǧѧĽѧ
ʦһȱڣҪѧءЩӳԼسǵĺӣдһǧҪסУ, סҲǺܴһˡ
ȴܿģȻ, ǰȥ˾ͺˡôຢӲѧϰ, δ˲Ű
ЩӰ, ɽĲŻиõδ
ƽ̯, ҲءҲԳ˰æѧУ
ὨȽϼ򵥡뿪ѧ£, ץʱȰҲΪ˸Ϲ͵ϵġѧѧס޵λһҪأҪҷ˭͵ϣϳͲ
ȱʲôԴȥɽĸ
־ֳֻͷһƬȡг, ȫû⣡
쵼֧ˣʲôģ
ضıҲȼ, Ӧһλᡣ
˭֪ɽôһأִֵĻôһλӽг
ֻҪɵƯƯģ϶ܵõ쵼Ͽɡ
, , Ժʲô뷨, ԶǺ͸س๵ͨ
־ֳЩƣǵͷ
Լ㣬ִ֣ҪȨΪһ쵼ͬ־ĹǺܲǵġ
ԳǱҪģʱҲǲ֡ϣɽܹԼչ
һá
ϧʾλüˣλҲæĲˡҲûȥ
سǵ¶ͷöġ
Լȥ̸ͷˡ
ͷҲλƶɽشҲǺѵġ
˺ô󹦷Ÿ̸ģʽ𻹲ࡣ
سͷеᵽɽƶ
ǰ͸ԣҲû𣬶ӡ֪Ŷˡ
Ǯʲô¶һӾˡ
ڵˣûá
һ̣سҲҰ׬Ǯ
ɽ׬ܶܶǮԺҲȥ˽ǮˡԺ޹޹ѧУʱޡ
пĺǷԼ뷨Ȼʵϰ೤˵ɽܸԣôţκģζκһζҪ󡣡
ǳ̣һ˼Щȷ˭֪أջʱ˭Ҳ˵׼źɾˡ¹гûͣҿ¹εѻյͦģһʱˡҲôˡ
سҲУڽôǮԺɶǻġˡ
νѹжԴӱծ֮󣬸س;ԼϵĵԽˡ֮ǰҪǰߣԼҪˡǮ˵һ֮󣬾֯˿ʼ޳ˡ
׼㱨ţ֪ȥӴˡ
ϿϷϹˣҲ·صذȥӵġ
ҲĺԪһڼſӭϿ
Ͽһ·ƾɵɽسǣЩˡ
˿ܳԵ˿ġõĸӲطԿࡣ
Ҳѹ˼Ŀ졣ô̵ʱ䣬һигˡ
һκʱһ縱糤ȥϷǱ
ڵλȫˣϷˡ
п̾˿ȵͣǰʱ飬ЦŴӳˡ
гþòˡϿЦŵ
Цź֣þòˡӭ͡
οɲ͵ģġ鷳гˡ
УԴɽأȿ̸֮
ϿͶʵ뷨Ǻԡ
Ҳû˵ʲô
ƶĵط᲻ҪͶʵġ
˫Ųͬ˼˷Ҳû̸ȲʱĻ仯
̶̵ļʱ䣬ı仯ǳ
Ʊ֤Ѿ𽥵뿪ǵ廧˽ӪҵҲʼ鲼ȫء
гԽԽˣδľҲԽԽ󡣡Ͽп
ЦԽҲ̼г󡣡
ϿЦ˵Ķ԰۹һҾ룬㲻ɲǴ̣ɾͿɲԪС
ԪⷽҲ
ЦλͲҪάˡҲ̸ֽ⣬ҿֻġ
ϿЦξͰ̸̸ҵɽʲʺͶʡ
Ͱѻ⳶ˡ
ԪһۣȻ΢Цش֮ǰҵ˽⿵ĿʲôΪ׬ǮΪ˷ƶĳͶʡ
ϿĬƬ̣Ͷʰɡ
Ͷʴ˷򡣡
ֱ˵
ϿҲ֪ӶǴˣֻҲµԼ뷨ʵʵ˵ʹˣǸҲڹⷢչǹЩҲǻ˼ȥǹڻȽϺáԸҶҵ
֮ǰҶӰǳãδ·߰ȷʵҸҲÿôֻϣԺʱиܹһ¡
Ը˵ЩҡҲ˵ʵҲܱӻ˭ǽɵĹңûΥ˭ҲΥ˭Ҳס㻹ǾõģҸὨ飬ͶһˣͶҡ
ϿʱһôͶң
ʽмҲһƶĵкܶࡣҪƶĸɲҲкܶࡣҽ㲻ƶƣԷƶΪ壬֧ƶ衣
ҲֵܷÿͿһɸѡĹ̡ǿѡһЩǱĵɲԼĿͶʡڱ֤ӯĻϽͶʽ衣
ǮȻ׬ĲǰˣֻҪ̵̯ӹ󣬿δ𣿡

Ȼᣡ
ƶɹؾþпһϯ֮ء
˿һϯ֮أ˭㶯
Ҳȷ˼ȷҵġ
ھͿԼûĺˡϾͶʶзյģرַƶͶʡһвпܻʧ
ԪڱϣߺŲ裬Ͽصı顣ٿʱ˫΢΢Ź⡣
ﻹܻû˵ˡ
ϿͲˣϾǹϵδĴ⡣
һ˵ķҪıˡ
ҡÿǿǡ
һʱһӳΪƶȷ棬̫ˡ
ЦȻҪһҪɽתת˽Ҳ˼ǷҪͶƶһο
Ͽͷ
磬Ͽɽ죬ѡַҲι۹ˡ
ҲһЩɽĿǰеҰҩĺͲҶ
гܴҩĹҲǺܶҩ޷ȡġδЩҩĲûг
ҴѱݽɻвҩءԶҲ͵ȫ硣
ҿ˽вҩӦ֪ҩĵҲǺܸߵġ
￪һҩӦûܴ󡣡
ЦֻҪصļȷʵóҩҩ󶼺ܴδҲҪҩҵ߷չġ
пÿһͶĸɲгҾһ㶼ԥˡ
Ͽɵܹڶʱڷչô죬Ϊȱĸɲ𣿱Ĵڡ
˵еȷʵȱĸɲϿ˽ɽķչƻ֮¶˾ˡ
ôƶɽܱھչǱطӦҲ
Ҳȷʵţкܶĸɲ
Ͷһ񣬲ͶʸɲΪδķչȡƽȵʱ䣬ӲУʱӱܹһʵĽӰġ


451 451
Ϊķƶҵ, ȻҲͲپܾͶʡֹܾһƶҵȥ
ڱݽһҩͶߴǧ
һʳͶˡ
Ҳ, ȷʵܹݴδвҩء
ֻҪƻˣҩܹкܴơ
ΪͶ, صȥһ˱ݼǡϾͶʲɽأڱݡҪñݵ쵼Ƕ֪¶
ϢȻ˷ܲѡ
ǱЩһͶˡԴϿҲ顣
ҵڱ, ǿ϶ֵġ
Ͽ, Ҳ׬ǮΪĿ, ҪΪ˱ݵϰաϣܹԾౡ֮ƶݾ÷չ
ж
ҴǱϰ, л֧֡
κԸݵˣֵĸм
Ͽֿһ, Ȼž뿪, Ϸȥˡ
ϾڿûҽҩҵҪҩҪȥչּҪ׼ʽ˲šȻĻȥչһҩⶼҪǰ׼ġ
һ·͵·ڲŻ
һ·ϣЦݾû¹, Աߵ, ɽôɼ, ǱЧʻҪߡڻ뵽˿ͶʣһͰ
Цǣɲһ˵Ĺ͡ҲǴҵĹ͡ҪҲǿǱݵδˡ
Ҳ㴴δ΢Ц, ûʧ, Һܾϲͬ־, ҶԽˡű, 
ǣȻҲģ̿ɲ̡ڹһɽͲŸ𲽽׶Σкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ԣź
źԼδܿһˡ
תһ룬ܹϣҲǲˡôҲߵķġ
Ͷʣûв֣ǽ︺ع֣г̫æûʱ;ȥԽ οҲһĶֵأûҪ͡ҵҲǺũҵֲศġ
ⰲſɰ֣г 
ûӹôĹҵ̡ԼͶʽûôģġ
û뵽
뵽֮ǰԼĹЩǺ֧ ﲻƣ֪ΪʲôҪô
ģҲڰôɡ
ĥţȥԼϻг
˵ˣг
˼ȥǾΪġ
֧Ĺ
֣гҾ벻֧ҲܰǿءȫûҪ
г Ѳɰ׸ģ
֣гҡͷҲɣҪٶ֧Ĺ
гͷӦõġһĵģҲǴ֪Ĺء
ֺ֧ͱ֧־Ͳһˡ
֮ǰֻӦеķΧڸһ֧֣Ͼ ҲҪмԴ֧һɽؽ衣ⲻ쵼Ĵֹۡ
ֻϣ֣гȻҲȥɽ֧֡
֣гɽسˡʽ㣬ﱾйҵ跽רԤҲԽһʿӸɽؽɽǮˣˡ
ȻʵҲ˻˵׼ġ
Ͼͬ־ɽ
ǮɽĸɲǼĲϲˡ
ֱǾú¶ ʱꡣ
Ϣ֣֮г˵绰ʾл
֣гЦŵͬ־ΪôһͶʣҲҪм㡣
˼ǣ۲Ƿ顣

ʱȻˣΪ¶ء
Цλ֣гˡҲû͡ɡԵҲ
Ǯ֧ԮɽĸɲѹͼСܶˡ
Ҳɼֻ֣Ҫǰǰ׼þˡ
¶ȥӲ졣
Ӳ칤蹤Ӳ켼ԱѵӲѧУѧذţԼУ衣
ЩҲæÿڼʱ١
뵽ԪپҪϷȥˣҪﲻΡרųʱ䣬ԪɽתơҲ࿴治ͬ硣
֪еĵطĵطá
ϣԼĺǣȴҲϣ档ϣ˺ӣɹڸ߰ӡ
֪вͬˣǲƶǸÿ˶Լ˫ִƸ 
ԪȻ꣬ĺѾԼ˼ˡرֱѧйרҵĺӣ˼Ѿܾ߼ˡ
Щҡͺʵ裬ôϿΰڰСҲСõġ
ѧĴʶ
ЩʱġΪѧУûáǸǶˣҪ鰡ԾֻϿΡ
ΪʲôȽðǰ
Ϊ֮ǰû鰡
Ϊʲô֮ǰ飿ܺ ϲϿˡԪ벻ͨ˲ģͿʼˡҺϲѧϰÿѧµĶְ趼رǰְ ܻάȥ߼񱴿ǣһ ȥ󴬡ԻԼСȹںˮְ˵ͯŮ С㹫
ɲ֪ԼҹŮḻ磬˰ΪҪɻ ǶǺŬĺúӡԺѧУҲŬѧϰҪŬԼ׬ѧѡ
ԪûŬɻԪǲǻ ԪСüͷ Щ⣬˶ɻҪһ޲ƺǶ 
ԪҲŬԪŬѧϰ𣿲ѧϰǹֻҪŬǺõġ
ԪʵΪʲôƯĽѧϰҵĽҺƯְָװرƯĴơ
ԪЦЦ뵽һʣβʳӡ
СԪǻСء
ȻСҲĵĽ̵ÿһ˶еԣƯСȹӴԪССȹǰְ๤еģԺҲͨԼ˫ִССȹӡ
ΪʲôСǵİְûΪǴ죬Ϊûлѧ֪ʶ ΪڵĽܽĻ ֻкһ˿˵ĵõ 
Ǹ˶СԪҲǣԺСҲǡǶѧ֪ʶԺҲСԪһҸ 
СԪϸĵĽһ ܹѧϰһ˵顣
ƯĽﴩŻȹӣСѧϰرر˵顣
úѧϰѧ֪ʶûеȹˡͺЩССİְ
Сüͷ裬Ҫѧϰ򵰸ȹӣְ򣬸򣡡
ЦСԴţá
ѧϰԪûپҪϷȥˡ
Ԫźĸ¼ĹҪԪ鴦ߵˡ
æҲûӡԪ͸ŰְֻȥˡϷ̫үүչˣʦǿţߺá
Ԫʧ뿴ЩŬĸôŬġ
ҪЩѧϰ
ЦŴӦ㿴Ȼʱ㡣Ժǻ࣬Ԫܿ
ԪŷĵĺͰְһ뿪ǰָżſϹŵķ塣
裬Ϊķ壬ҪȻǰְִ ɱǶģ
СǴķ壬Цŵһÿġ
ԪЦ۾
Ҳ̲סЦ
ϣеĺӶܺԪĵЦ
Ԫ뿪£ɽصĺҲ֪ͨҪʼѧ 
ΪסѧУ Ҫǰȥס޺ͷѧϰɲܵȵһſѧˡ
ϢһӵĸɲҲܵĽŲմصġЩʱıⲻȥˡ
ȥЩļšøĸʰð ͳһȥϽ
ӣҸҲæˡ
Щӻ ؼϴˢˢɾ ϼõ·Ȼ͡
ÿӶƾɵС汳һЩϲ޷ޱûѧУչǣЩѧУ׼ģҪҪȻЩƶļͥǾòıúӴѧУȥġ
ЩûԶŵĺӶЩź¡Ǹȥİط


452 452
ΪѧУû, ЩӶʱѧУϿΡ
ЩʱѧУǰİ칫ңֿԼķϵĳġɳƲϺáҲܽ͡
˯ĵطʱǳƽᡣһ˯ʮӡ
һִ̡ͨ
ϵϰ̵ʦˮճָӡ
ǻû, ЩʦͰˮպˡ
ˮߵôຢҪ, ˵ѧѣסҪǮɵûǮá
˵쵼ҪġǮ˴ء
Ӵ, Ժô
϶ۻҲǺ, ǮҲǻۼҼӶˡ
ôûǮ, ѧ֪ʶǺҪѽ, ҪȻҲܻôǮ׼ûԺǵͺѧ
һ, ǾͶˡʦָ½˷õᡣ
ש߷, ɾڻЩӾ漫ˡ
ǿĻҪȼĻöˡ
ЩʰĴͨᣬȼ䳱ʪҪöˡ
ס޵ĵطϿεĵطѧУָǷ顣
ЩӶǵһõα, ǰڴСѧϹε, Ҳûùα
õ, ˵Ĳˡ
ǵ
ǳô󣬶ûյôصĶ
ǣαõĻ, ҶҪϧѧ֪ʶ, Ϊһˡ
Ҫ˺, ҪдһԺϿǰ, ҶҪǵĿαʹġ
Ȼʼġ
ʦ潲ţСſαͼʶֺĸ˷档
Ѿȫ֮ǰˡ
ſα֮ѧУûмŸϿΣǿʼѵֹ
ΪԺΪԼѧѵˡ
סޱαѧЩɶҪǮġ
ṩǡ
û֧ЩҲЩɲͶ뷨
ܼҲǺõġ
Щֹͺʺϡ
ÿ칤СʱǴЧ㹻Щ֧֧šԼҲ׬㹤Ǯȥﲹã֤ǳ顣
ܺ׼ˣ֪Ҫɻ׬ǮģԻɡ
ƽʱƤĺӣַΧ棬Ҳǹɡ
ʦƤëʾţνë߱Ƥ棬ͷͷ
ЩѧŴִ
΢ĺӣѧ֯ë֮ġ
ѧЩ֮ԺÿѧҪСʱ
ЩͻڱۣµҲ͵ʡǵȵؽۡ
ЩСƷճ裬Բ⡣
ѧϰֹʱҲʱѧУӲ졣
ѧΡ
ˣ֮ǰɽСʦУλ֪ࡣ
ҲʱѧУУ
ѧУɲٽֻǶʮѧˣǷٶѧ
ѧæˣȴ˷š
ˣѣлΪɽũ֧֡
ЦҪ˵֧֣Щũͬ־ֵ֧ࡣûǵĸҲûôʦѧѧˣǵĵӸˡ
ǰöˣʲôСǰѧ٣ʲôȱǺ֪ˡ
ȹϤ֮󣬾ͻѡɲаɲæѧ
ЦŵͷǵİȫҲҪע⡣뿪ߣʲôϤ
ǹ涨סĺӲţҪҲҪ򱨸СʮµĺӴ򱨸Ҳǲȥġ
Ƕаţʮ⣬ֻʱģѧУ޺ˣͳһһЩ
˵ĵͷ
־ⶣ㰮ҲҪѧϰȻûμӸ߿ǱҲֽ֧ٽҲҪԿϣҲܹ׷ȡԺҪдѧѧСѧҲҪո߱׼ҪԼǲǣ
ⷬǸһˡ
֮ǰæźӵĽ⣬ÿĺѧϵʱɽϢȷʵҲ˽Щ
һѣҲͬҵδķһ㣬ʱԼֻصʮǰʱ˼ʱ
гһŬ׷ġлл
ҲϣܹȻʦЩʦԱݵδӰܴ󰡡ѧɶǱδĽӰˡ
ʱоشȴҲܵλгЩߵӡˣг
Цŵͷ
Ҳȷʵλ
ݽϵͳȷʵȱ˲šҲʵ
ܹԼȻá
ܹôũЩѧƷԺΡ
ҲǿԵġ
꺢ӵѧϰȺǿʱȥ˴ҵĻʳ
Ե׷Ƭһˡ
ǳԵ㣬ƺԵľһ㡣
˼ڣζûʲôˮҲû˵ʲôϾڻûʼ棬Ǯ
ܹһڷѾܲˡ
ҲҪࡣԺѧУʼ׬ǮˣʳҪ߱׼ġʱ䲻̫
ҳԵʱһſڱƤ
ǸСġ
ͷЩݻơ
߹ȥôȥԷ
ССҶʮˣȴһ꼶ʻŵ˵
гСҶһ꼶
İ˸СѾϵ⺢ӡΪ֮ǰСʱȥСҶ˼빤
ʵСҶôȥԷ
СҶ죬ѧᣬɻ׬Ǯ
ĶΪѧģԲûջ
ĺѾڳԷˣȴϰ
ÿֻҪڹ̶ʱ乤ʱ仹ҪѧϰΪΪ˵ĺǱĩãÿ칤ʱƵġڹ涨ʱɶټƷԲӵѧϰʱ䡣
СҶ˵ˣԲѧ֪ʶҪ¡Ҫ׬Ǯ
һʵ㻹Сأ׬ǮʲôڽҪѧϰ
СҶҲ֪˵ĻǲԵģԲûҸҪˣҪǮҴļױֵ࣬ϱͺá
ױ൱ǸδϱĲǮˡ
СҶĸ̴رá
һ仰񱳼
ʲôĽʲô˼룬һܹ˳Ȼ˵Щ
⺢ӿܸ֪ԼĸĸԼŵһôӵ·
СѾҲɫѿҪ˵䣬ҡҡͷȥԷ
˼Ѿγˣһ˵õġ
ӸѧУİĻҲʺϱ
ٴοЩӵʱ֣·صԶ
ṩѧϰͻףѵǸıǹе˼롣
ȥʱ黹ǳصġ
Щ˼ģֻһСҶ
϶ֹ
ôĺ棬жٸСҶأ
骣ҪѰ·Ҫߺܾá
Ц
骸һֱȻ֮ڷʲôˡ
Ҳûкð취ΨһľǼˡ
Ҳг̻ġ
ֻҪ֣κѶֻѡ
гʱ䳤˻õġҲҪѭ򽥽
棬΢΢̾˵öԣѭ򽥽Ҿ͵ģһûıǵ˼룬ǾѾˣﰲŽˡܹܵһܵǧǧ𣿡
ģģ֪ʶѧ˼ȴҪģ
ûҪǸ࿴Ļᡣ
ȥ϶ǲʵˣļ¼ƬǿԵġ
һճְܹҵ¼Ƭ
ĻǱ߿ѧֳѧֲũͬ־ļˡǽεʦҽԺ˿ҽʿооĿԱ
úֻ֪Ҫĺã˶лΪЩˡ
ǿںСʱһĿꡣ
Լ롣
ųޣŮų˸޻ϱ


453 453
֮͸绰, ҪĵƬҪǣǾƬ
ԺֹǸɽĺӿҪݵĺӺϰտ
г˵绰, ԺΪݸѧУı뿴Ƭ
ϾȻǳгȴǹģ¶ֻܺҲô˻, λгһ¸顣
ȻΪǵĹϵ, λгĹҲ֧, ûϵġǿŽͬ־, ÿԼܲԺˣڱݾҲһͬ־ˡ
гֹݵĽĹͽҲһЩغ, Щ뷨ʲôܡ
ࡣ
ˬӦ, Ƭĺˣһ·֪ͨ, ϵͳͬ־ġлͬ־ΪǽϵͳôõĽ顣
ЦҲϣܹһЩáϾͬ־˼뿪, ũҵչҲǺаġ
ҲǱ̬, ͽֻ֡ΪũҵҪŸע
λг֦ɽѧУҲѧ, Ҳָһ¹
⻰, г̹ˡ
ɽĿ, Ƿ˻, Ҳ˵ʲô
ڽ滹ûôˡЦŵҾҸȥȥˣҪѧҲæ
⡣Ц
̸˵绰гϻЦݣȥǻ㱨ʱ򣬻¶˵ȥɽ
֤ⲻԼֱݵ¶ġ
ЦŵȥҲǹݵĹġ
гͷҾȥˡ
ͬ־ͬ־ĳ⣬ӦҲ˰ɡ
гһ㶣֪˵ʲô
ȴһж׵ӣ֪Ȼû˵ʲôǶͬ־γгǺܲġǲǣ
гǣû¡
ûУġ׾СҲ׷顣ͬ־ؿ֣ɾͲţǼˡ
ǣ˵Ķԡг΢΢ͷҲԼ֮ǰȷʵ뷨ϾԼڱʱࡣҲʶʱ䳤ǱһȡҲ΢һᣬǶô˵Ҳһֱ顣
׻˵ֲЦˣܹó̬ȣȷʵҲֹʲô
Ե̫Сˡ
Цŵ뿪ˣȥɽɽĽУռ˺ܴıصġ
гã찲깤Ҿȥ
΢Цŵͷ̬Ⱥ⡣
ݵӱҪŽС
ҲǶܸ߿һۣһдֹ۵ͬ־㡣ûΪɼͺͱĸɲìܡ
Խǹ£ԽǶͬ־Ͳѡ
δӽûʲôĵġ
죬гȥɽء
ҲûֹߴһαǴطġ
ѧʵͣαжġ
Ϣ˵ɲǺ¡Ըαá
ǶгȻʾ˸л
гѾ뿪ˣԶ̬Ҫ࣬ڽʲôѣ϶ֵ֧ġһжΪ˱ݵķչ
ȥɽĽָָ֮㡣
гͷҲС
֪ɽĽģʽģĿˣЩԾ
رһ꼶ѧռ˾ͿԿӵѧжˡ
һ꼶İϣȻʮĺӡⶼ֮ǰĺӡ
ѧʺܸߡѧܶࡣѷ涼СȱĻǽʦԴ
гһȥܲܵһЩ
һ棬ҽ黹ǽмǿʦʽԼʦ
˵꣬ĳгҲҵǰͬ־ˡҺ˵ﻰҲͽֹҶ͡ݵũҵֲҲҪҹæһ̯飬Ҷæˡ
ũҵֲҪ֪ʶˣҪҩģԱҲ롣ͬ־֮ذᴩũ̸ҵϵش󡣡
гЩҲסݵĽȷʵȷʵ㲻Ϻá
ΪˣҾǴҸЭũҵҲũҵũǮѧܽǻ֣ѹáΪݳô
һϵĿг
гҲͬ־ȷʵ֮ǰദͬ־Щ
ʹˣЩĶҲʧˡ
飬ϣ徢Ҳڹλϵʱ߱ص㡣
Ҳͬ־Ͽˡ룬ǲҲΪһ㣬Բͬ־
֮ܶϵ飬гҲ⶯ݡ
ͬ־ͬ˵ǵĿ궼Ϊ˽ݣȻӦóһĿǰ
ЦˣôԺкõĽᣬкõ뷨ᡣǽũҵҪչ
СгҲϵЦ
ľı֮гԽĸĸ﹤ҲԽ֧ˣĸһȥѧУп졣Ȼܽᾭ顣
гóۣɽģʽҲǿԸƵġֻΪأԲȫƹ㣬ҪһĽиĸ
֮ǰнȴǰ׼
ɽǷȱʦδ϶Ҳȱġȫһˡ
г׼ȥибҵѧʦרѵ
ɽ߾ͿȽһҹУЩѧУʦ֮ԲҹУѧϰ졣
гԼһοûֹ˽ôˣͬʱҲҵԼĿͷˡ
ǰܾñݵĽÿչ޴֡ǾĹ
õгȫȫ֧֣ҲǷɲ١
ԺⷽĹ˷ֵһ¡ɲϲ¾ӢۡŽһпŽܰ¶
һĹһС׶ΡֻƬĺ֮ĸǿˡ
ְ˼ũҵֲԼȥˡԴ骺ȥӲũֲ
Ϊǰڵ׼ˣڻɲ¶ͼ򵥶ˡֻҪﰲŵļԱҪأҩı׼
ȥӲʱ򣬻Щũͬ־żԱɡһɵҲͦġ
񻹺һũͬ־˼䡣
Ǹɻڿ죬̤ʵ
ͬ־֪гֻΪĸɲĸɲ٣ҲҲûþн̤ʵǿɲɲúúøɣ
񣺡ǳأ⻹ǲһġ
ǲһ⻹ܵءֶ˵⻹á;᲻һ
ЦˣʵҪԺԼֲҩǸáҲԼ
ǿɲãͬ־ϽҡͷҩֶǮԼ֣ҿ϶ǲֵġ
ЦҡͷΪȻ
ţЩ˿ҩĵֻ֮»᲻ðسаҩء


454 454
ÿ, 񶼻ȥӳһ¹
ǲʵ潻
Ҳ֪ǲΪ֪λгÿû¶һ߻Ӳ칤ϵЩɲֱӰ˸ɲפĴԼලָʵ
½½ȥӲ칤, ⡣˶ڰ潻ûΥ
˸ɲĴ죬Щũͬ־ÿҲͰĹûΪǸҸɻ͵ˣ֮ġ
ڻũӲ֮ԼɽԼݵδˡϰȻ˼, ȴ߱Ͷʵ
ν¸, ֻҪǿϸɻ, Ĵ¸·
Ž, ׯҲ½½ˡ
ũҵҲɽĸרСָʾʼѾѵõἼԱǷ䵽ȥפҪڿеʱ, ũͬ־ѵҩֲĻ֪ʶҿ֮󣬻ҪҪ󣬽мָ
ǳҼ޵, ҲЩԱ˸
ЩǰûģҵһĹ, ࣬Ĵ, ҲԸҧɡ
ŰפɽĴ, ʼչ
Щ˵ЦźɽصĸسЩͬ־Ҫúǿ¸·Ļ֡ԺطҲҪõǵġ
س֪, ЩȻ, δ϶ǸˡһʱҲΪǸˡ
ϾЩ˶ɽ, ɽ߳˲, Ҳй⡣
뵽Щͬ־ԼĺӳԿ࣬͵͵İ˸λȥˣﰵҡͷ
ǳ˴ˡôõĻᣬȻˡ
ҪĿɼδߵĲԶ
Щ˲ԺʱЩἼԱǵ˴Ҳ֡
ȻÿҲͷָԱףǾͺܲһ
ر˵Щ֪ʶӣ˺ܶģҾǰ߲ӵ֪ǣǲԺҪ߲ӡ
ЩɲһϽ˵߲ӣֲָҩģȹ˾Ҫȥġ
ǲţҩĻҪѧͳˣʩʣ
ǲУýҪȻֲġ
ЩἼԱǶЩ֪ĴΡоûⶼҪ֪ʶģǶǵġҪѧ֪ʶܿʼҩġ
Щֹ֪ʶôˣҪũֵ
ȻԼѧϰĺǡ
Ѿһιʻˡʲ࣬ҲͼǮѡôСĺӾǮǾͺˡ
ǾûͷöඣӣҪúԲҪáѧУ׬Ǯˡ
顭ûʲôðЩ˲ǵѧֵ

ϣĿյ棬ǶСʣ˳ĶǰĻ
ѧϰҵûţΪڳʱ䣬ǿӰ
ٷ֮ʮϵĺûӰģ˵ҪӰ֮һĶ˷ܲѡСЦݡ
ܽ£ôѧ˵֪ʶˣǵľǱĬķı䡣
ԭãСϣ˵úš
Ӱʼ֮ʦǾôȺŰ
ǾͶŵӰĻ
Ƭӵֽδҡ
ƬӾʽʼˡ
һֵũͬ־ǡŵʳֵũͬ־ǡŻеĹʳȻ͡
Щũ񲮲ʹЩЩǶŴ͡
С͸ũǣûܹʳ죬ڣ泯ոׯڡ
Ƭβ֮󣬾ͷũЦվھͷǰ潲ԼĹҽɽƳǻˣŴɲѧῪ֮ׯҲûǰˣÿֵʳԲꡣѧ֪ʶֵضˣл
һתֳֵˣֳ㡣
ôŹ⣬˿ڿˮ
ЩһЭˮƷװáһ˵ŮලЩˮƷϳ֮ժñӣЦŶԾͷѧˮֳ֮ÿ궼ջʮ㣬Ҽһÿ췹϶ܳ㡣
ͷٴתˣһе档
ĳʦĲŻξͷͱ仯ĿΪһƵе֮⣬ʳƷװЬ֮ġ
ǲʲôĹˣǶһص㣬ͳһĹװƣʮ
ںЩ˿žǸ˵ġˡ
ЩͲ˵Ľˡ
˰ڳﵱˡ
رһЩŮӣǿ⳧ܶһŮˡ
ЩŮҲڸɾĳ湤ڴļŮ˶ǲͬġ
ʵΪ֮ǰĽ⣬ʦͬ־Ůͬ־٣ԶԺǻûʲôӰ졣ƬŮŮĳ͸ˡ
ԭŮҲܵء
ƬľͷһֵҽԺ棬ҽʿæµĹš
ͷǴŰ״ӣ΢ЦĸǿŲ˵״
ǻûȥҽԺ棬ǹǿһɫ·ǵľò֪Щ˺˲ˡ
½½ĲоλĿԱصλɲȵְҵ
ľͷѧУ档
ѧУҲǽϵģǺǲһǣЩѧУĺƯУ԰ﻹŻݲݡ
ͷѧվڲٳ棬ѧУʦƺڽ
һλУķŽ
溢վ룬š
ǣδδҪеΡһҪϧĻᣬúѧϰ֪ʶȡԺУѧУѧԺʦˡѧҡҽ
޷ѡԼĹȥǿѡԼδֻҪ֪ʶǾԼδֻҪѧ֪ʶܳΪΪˣ
ǣңΪʲô飿
ѧߺΪ飬Ϊδ飬Ϊǿ飡
ǧѧͨĻﵽɽЩѧĶ
ԭôôô
飬Ǳ
ΪӰЩˣҽѧ
ܹոʳԶٶٳ
ӰˣǺǵ뷨ȴŸտʼ
͵ĺײʱǰûΪεķûС󲻳Լ˺͸ܹ
ɽĵӰȴǣǻԹ಻ͬ
СҶŮ鼤ĻŵӰþòƽ
Ȼ̲ס͵͵ҵԼϤʦСѾ
ʦŮҲܺ͵Ӱ
ȻСѾЩǣͻȻЩɬ
ʱҲãǻٴﻹ֪֪࣬һ˽֪ʶꡣ
֪ʶԸıǵˡǲѡǵĳǿѡԼδǰҺһʶ֣ѧ֪ʶ֮󣬲Ҳʦ𣿡
ǲ뵱ʦ𣿡
ʦԺǱֻ֤ҪǼȥǾһܹˣʦ뵱ˡ
ҪѧĹãܺгггǴѧء׶ϵĴѧ
Ǿ̾졣
гǶģƯİ̡Ҳ磬ѧУʱ򣬺ܶ˸˵
˵ҪѧһܳһٻˣǾÿһһײˡ
ԭúãҲܳΪг
СҶŵָͷʵֻҪĺãܺг𣿡
СѾ룬һ䣬Ҫһˡ˲ܵɲҪΪ񡣡
СҶ۾һԼǺء
Ǿʣˡ
ú飬ѧ֪ʶܵɲг
СӴԺͶһϵġƯġŵŮг


455 455
ƬɽŲ, ӰҲԽԽ
ʦǣҲоѧǰһˣʼˡ
ʱӾۼһ, ԼԺʲô
ǻΪ˵˻ǵҽա
ʱ򻹻Ϊĸְҵǰ;硣
Ȼֱ۵ľѧϰŬˡ
ǰȻڽţܹѧ֪ʶȴ࣬ƺÿѧСʱĹʱ䡣
ۿžͿʼѧϰ, ¿εʱ򻹻ʦʡ
Ҳûڰ칫ﲻ¶, ҲȥһЩѧУʦЩӰ졣
֪ƬȷʵһЩ֮οˡ
г˸绰, ջܽ, øı, µ˼ҲԺúӿ͵Ƭ, ˼ͻǱݵδϽ, ݾͻ
гҲֺǺǵЦͬ־ɸ˸ð취, ԺҪ͵ĺƬӣЩӰƬҽ鶼Ҫϡ
ҪѧúǳںͶڶһĿꡣ
ǰɽûѧġĶģҲôɹЩ
ˣгҲúá
ڽʽһƬ, гҲʼĲ, Խȼ, ҲܹɼãҾÿʵС
ЦŸտʼء
ԺˣЩٳɳ꣬һӢѧüǻȥУι۵Ļᡣ
дѧֻмѧԺء
ҲҪѧġ
ⶼδҪ滮顣
δʮ㣬ԺǵĸıοѣЩѧҳǾûôˡ
ĩǻؼҵʱ򣬾ͺͼ˵Լ롣
Ҫȥˣʦҽ
˵ҪѧңԺɻ
ûѺǵĻ棬һڵôȥأɻˡúù׬ǮԺȢϱ/ˡ
ҲˣǾ֪ˡ
ʦ˵ˣֻҪѧĺãܵˡ
ӰҲô˵
ҪˣҪúѧϰ
ǣ
ЩѧҳǵûѺӵĻ档СӶѣѲɻ뵱
ֹţ˹ȻܳȥһȥҲҰˡ
Ժ΢ˣǲȥˣûؼżˡ
Ĳֵˣǹ˰ӵġ׳ӡ
ҲûʱЩӡһֱءҪѵͷ֪ۡĻΪҪڵֽأ
Щ˼Ѿ̵ĳû⺢ǣҲûЩߡ
붬֮Ϊ߶ɽȶԣƳǵʱҪůࡣ
׵ʱ򣬻ϴæһĹ׼ˡ
ɽɽصĸɲעǲܹôˡ
ѧУͳҪ裬ũҲҪʽҩҪΪֲҩó׼ɶҪʱ䡣
ܵһ£ѧУҩǵ˵ġ
Գ´ѩЩɲǺ͸ͬ־ûϢġ
ΪȻҲǲȥϷģܻռ͡
̴绰еꡣ
Цڱݹꡣ
Ǹطô䲻ȥǵطҲ֪òá˵ǵطˣɽɶûС
̣û˵ôѣ˵βһĶƳǲءĺɽˮզ᲻أůˣ߽ˣһ׼үүء
ֺǺǵЦﻹǵ˲ˣȽŲ
⻰ʱ΢ᡣ
Ҳǰʮ
ʮĸ飬Щ㱡
̣æˣһռȥ㡣㻹ûȥϷɣǱ߽ĿɺˣʱҺԪүүȥ档
ҪԪҸǮأҪԪ
佥ϣ̫̫Խͬһˡ
ãʱԪȥ̳òã
ȻˣҪõġģǮ
ţǮҲġ
Цŵ
˵绰֮̾˿
骼ɫЩ͵гҪȥɣҲ˼졣ҿĸɲ٣ǰˣµġ
ҡҡͷУǹؼһꡣϿҪҩˣڼҶڼӰӵĹһȥʲô¶õͷأɲиˡ
ڰ칫Ҳܻȥꡣ
ڣ˿ӳ̶ȡʿҪ쵼ĶˣôȥҪЩأ
骣ꣿ
ҲҲ˵ˣǺһ顣Ц
Ҳûطȥ
ǹ¶骡Ѷûͼϵˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôЦŵǺãǾ칫ɡ
İţһ߹ԪԪϷǱ߹ġ
ϾæүˣҲܹദæԼġαǴء
ǰԪʹԪˣػûֹԪһʹˣɽصĸɲǡ
ʮֱ׳ôĺøɲΪ¸ҵȻҲҪܼ顣
ЦˣѲΪһܾգաҪײҪҴɽصͬ־ллԪľ
гÿԪ΢Ц
ʹ绰سһʡ
سӵ绰֮Ծǵģ
ǰɲҪˣԪŵͬ־ľʣǹء
ô¶
س˵ĲˣϽȥʣŵʱòгİ˺Ԫŵİɡ
ȻгûסôãϹöαֽˣϵõġ
гˣ
س֪Ǹøпһƴ֣˽ˡ
¹ܸسôģͬ־˵ҪַһЩ֮󣬿ɶ˼ˡ˷ܲŴ֡
ЩΪÿιڿɶûʲôõĸܷΣ;Ͳˡ
һ죬Ҷ̸ηŸ¶
˵Ĵȫװõİװ滹аװõ⡣
һ˶ܷһأҪùˡЩǳ嵭һЩ׼ӰĳظСϲЦտġ
ȻҲܵЩյı仯
ů͵ıͽԴԪļϿţлл
֪ԪΪ˸ҹÿչ
Ϊ񡣡ԪЦֱסΪг񡣡
СʱЩʾͷȥˡɽصĹΪ֮ҡŴ߻ҩ׼ʱ򣬴Ҷǡ
ȻԼҲûţҲҪȥĴ顣
Щҩǹϵδ¸ƣɲκ˷¡ϸҪҲҪóԼ̬ȳ
˶û뵽λгǲ¿࣬ôѩľȻܹɽȥҩ
ԽǲߵĵطԽǱꡣ
˵ץһеġ
Ǿýͨ㣬ܲšҩûչ涨Ҫǵ꿪ʼֲҩˣ϶ġ
˰칫ңߴֹ߾͸س˵
ⶼͷˣ˭Ϻȡ
سҲû뵽ôġ˵ˣԼҲŰ
쵼ǡ
ǳ׿ˣλ쵼Ƥӵ£˭ҪŽ
λô档
˵绰֮󣬸سͲͨǸڵ绰˵ͷӣǵ׻û£ûͳ˵Ҳôţ궼УֲǰһҪ׼
ﻹⷢͨ棬˶֪ô¶
ǣڽ˵ɶʱгǴȥˡ͵˹ڼ䣬ɲҲûˣҩӲ
ôôŵ񣬵˸һСѩɽĺǷˡ
Ԫ۵ĸιҩԴ
СԪҲ⽫ַˣԼ轵ȡ
ЦŵԪԶɱҲðˡ
ԪãԪ
Цˡ
ԪεЦЦҲˣҪȻһ˽İ
Ժɲˡ
ԹԵͷдˣΪԼǰء뵱ڻʱ򣬿ûٴѩ߻ءԺҪעⱣˣǸıǮ
ĺҹֻһŰࡣ۰Ͱ͵ĿԪˢԪըȡ
ϳԽʱ򣬵Ƿһš
СҧһڣҧһǡѽҳԵǽˡ
ԪϲԸȻŵԸԸ
ЦĿԪ飬ʾ⣬Ҳ̫ˡ
Ǳ۾ţµһ꣬ϣҵԪֽҵԪƽ˳죬ȻϣҩֲɹɽصϰնܳϷʢҹȻ۾ˣԿˡ
Ԫһˡ
ţü
㰡ҵ񽡿ƽ
۾΢΢һȣȴЦţҲҪúõġԼԼ̫̰Ĳ飬̫ࡣ


456 456
ɽϰսҲ겻һ
ҼһҲƽƽġɽʲ, ƽʱû𣬶ǸһĶǲġΪûȻҲûʲôζˡƽʱզզ, Ϊ, øɻ
Ͳһ, 극, ͻമӣϿҩĵ¶
һڴŸϽҩģȻ󳤳, õԼҵĳа, Ҳǵһصˡ
һֺܵҩֲɹ, ʱǮܲȥծɡ
ڴֵǵ, ˵Ļ⡣
ЩҲЩԭƽС峤һЩһ֡
, Ԫڸչ꣬ʽ·ҩֲļ
ȥҩֲĿĸȥȡҩ, ȻĿ䵽ĿԱ, ɼԱȫֲ
ǵǰЧʲߣļ涨ɵʱ䡣
׼˴, ׼, ͵ɶĸɲǾͿʼӸɻˡ
Ҳܵݹ, ǵ⹤, ְˡϵĸɲҲҵ¶øɶɶ, Ĳ, ҲԲȵһ
ҩķ䵽֮, ɲ֯ϰɽҩĵĹߣϺӡ
ϰҲܹѵ㼼ĹᣬǼԱǷ乤ʱ򣬶֪ô
ڸ弼ԱĴ£ɽũ忪ʼ˺ҩж
ˣԪ֮ԪͺҲȥϷˡһȥؼ鹤ˡ
ҲԼһˣ쵼ҲˡҲ֪ͨ׼׼·Ͼʱ顣
ǵĿȥֲҪôΪӭ׼ͱĩˡӭӹɲذš
˻˻ô˵ֻܰԵĵԼ磬Ժϰ߻Ҫⰲˡ쵼ܣͶλгʱһҪ㡣
Ϊӵҩﶼǰչ涨йģǰһȥӲʱ򣬿ľѾ˱ŵҩ
ÿҩﶼһľƣдź룬ԼֲҩĵƷ֣
׼Щͬ־ǻ˺ܶ˼;ġ
ЧҲͦãһĿȻӹ淶ˡ
ľϻעƽʱֲʱҲ
سǼӲ칤Ͼʵ̫æˣҪܵ¶̫࣬Ҳûʱ䡣
ڿ湤ãҲǾϲ
ͬ־ͦõ
ɲҲͷ
Ȼ󶼿˿гɶλͬ־ҵѹЧ
оҿҲЦŵͷȷʵĻۻˣĻҪջʱǻܷɡԺҪ໨ʱ߰쿴⣬ôˣҩﲥ֮ջʱ˵ġ
һֱǸسǸġͻ㱨ˣ˵ڳˣھҽҩ˾̸תõ飬̸ܿˡ
ûʲôгʶرǹӪλ֮͸˵ˡֻҪǮʣһк˵
йҲҪץˣЩĻߣ֮Ҫѵ֤ʱֱϸڡ
سæȴˣǾͿʼй
ͷԣǵĹһǺεġ
⻰ЩɲǾǸҪΣҲɽȥӲ칤˵֮Ͳˡ
Ҳ²ۣǲ˵ġ
쵼Ǿְı֣ЩɲеЩ¡
ҲΪЩԹְı֣ҲɽЩ״̬ĸɲ˽ȸˡ
Ӳ칤𹤳й飬سһҲû
Ͱͬ־й׼֮ʽй
ЩϰҲ쵼ɵġ
¶Ȱ׼ã¾Բš
ȻûٹЩ¶ʵΪ۾ʱ̶ڹעЩȣʱʱĻ㱨һ¡
Ѿʼй׼ˣҲЦһ£ڴһԺܸ߰
ҲЦ˵ѹж㹻ѹˡ
гɽЩɲɵӰɲС
ⶼʱģջ֮󣬲ҪѹҲˡ

ҩ˵֮ӷ·Ŀ
ɲǶʼҪջļˡһ뵽ҩҪջˣ⹤û¶쵼ɲﻹǻŵġ
رǸسһҪݵˣȼ飬Ҳǲġ֮ǰʼˣܹæĵط࣬ȫˡ
涼쵼гǸ񣬻رϲҲ磬ѹ͸ עĹһʱһҲҷɣʱ䶼ĽġĻй֪ͨȥˡ
ɽһŸɴ塣
Ϊҩֲÿһҩļӹ
ӹģ󣬴ҲͰ˵
ƽһҲиʮ˵ӡ
ǰйټٵĲŻдũй
οɾͲһˣֱԸũ塣
࣬ϢһɲǶš
ǰ֪Ǻó֮󣬻ڴйû뵽ء
Ϣһʱдը˹һġ
ɽϰҲ֪˵ĺôġ
ҲΪϢգ֪Ѿʼˣ˼뻹ͣڹȥõ˹ˣһӲóˡйϢ˵쳣ϲˡ
һʱ䶼̸¶
رǣЩԼܵ˵һ졣
Щ˼ɲС
ЩΪѾ˿ԽˣǽܵĽȺӻҪ̣ͽ飬ޣȻʼӡ
ǿԼѾǶˣٸĵġһӾͺ͸ˡ
ͻȻǣʵһĻᡣ
ö౾Ѿʼ࿴ŮŮǿʼֹͣ࿴ˡ
Ҫй֮˵
ϾһԼѡˣҲһˣ
˼룬ҸæµˣŶɲȥ
ɲ¶ϾԼҲ밲ŽȥġҲΪ
йÿȻ˵Ҳڴ˱ﵽ֮󣬲ſҲ˵ӵ˲й٣ҲǿӦٵġҪˣԼȥйȥ¼ȡ
£ɲû취ˡһö˲μйԣҪȻ͵ü 
һԭЩţԼܵ˵ˣҲ˼빤ȥйԡ
ڲвûʲôСҲǸˡ
ŮôˣҲġû޳ȥͻǴ
һ㲻μӣ̫ûϢˡ
Щ˾ڴ֮ĬĬĵͷ
ȱͳƳʱ򣬻ʮ˵ʮµ˶ˣҼһ˱ȫˡ
ݣЩɲˡ
̫ˡæ
ôйʷһΡ
ĸɲͰˣѰԮ
ͳĲйسһʱҲˡ
йȷʵҲ֣ͦгʱ˵ˣ֮⣬ûżǴֲʶһܱ
Ϊż̫ͣԵ˲̫ࡣ¼ȡҲһǧˣǲĶһˡ
޵ĺ쵼
ֹûżܸˣãܺãҪֲʡ
س̫࣬
ʵæⲻаʱҪȻΪʲôǰ׼мҪʱ䡣
ⶼԤϵˡ
ҪǲˡݵʦݵϸɲһʱйʵڲУÿѧУﲻҲʦ𣿻иλͬ־ȫʱá
ⰲȻǹġǸسȫûҪʦڡΪżʵ̫ˣֻҪżйͺˡ
û˵ɫô˼
ǸֹΪѵӣ͵ǲǾãõżͣȫûҪ
سŵгû˼Ҿʵܶ˲ʶ֡ʶ֣ǿ϶вϵģαأ
ΪҰ쳧Ϊ׬ǮҰ쳧ĳԣΪй
߼һøسת
йΪʲôΪľǽ˵˼롣ҾҪɽ֪ǰӣǻиѡѡÿ˶лġֻҪϽԸȡܸıԼˡ
ΪԸÿ˻ᡣ֪ǻʧܣٿʶ
ǲʶ֣δǲȥѧ𣿡
æôһӣδܾǸıһӡıҲɽһѧУЩɻûء
ⷬͬʱͬӹһ㣬øسһ£ˡ


457 457
سΪⷬ, ¸ƻصڡ
һֱΪڽ辭áֲҩ翪Եؾ
ڲ֪, Щƻ֮ضΪ˽˼롣
ʱ, Լһֱô㾳硣
ѹ˼ô͵Լ쵼, ⶼԭġ
, ķˡ
سҲڷʡ, ԼЩĹΪʲôֻ˲һ, 뵽Ĳ治ֻ̡õǰģûԺġ
Һгɽ, طǳı, ôһ, ҲڴЩ˵ĸı䡣Ҳϣɽԣ
Ƿ, λг治۽磬뷨Ǿĸ߲ҵ
س˵ЩҲ˵ˡ
ǳ̣Ĭһ̾, һֱΪλ쵼ǹѻ, ڿ, Ƕˡһ뷢չɽֻ, ȫù˼⡣
һ˼쵼, ǶΪ֮ԶҪȻֻ۹ܾý, ȫֻũҵֲ, ֻҪʵʩ, ǾǺƯˡ
һѣɲΪһ꣬Ϊ˽ɽþõķչ
ϧϸ߰Ǹиģ㻹ܸɺüءɽֻҪﳹ׸ԣˡ
سҲֺǺǵЦ
ɲģ˭ֲɼأ
ǰû취̫ѣԲֻܵùҹôݡ
ۿлˣǰûҰģҲ뷨ˣ۵ĳɼû׼һᡣ
²ȥֻҪɽԣˣسҲζҲ
ڹ˽سҪúùҪλгӢ쵼֮£ȡûԻͳɼ
ͼ֮󣬸سҲٱԹˣ˷ˣҪɣҪ˿ԵλԳæøĲֻҪþС
ǰйҪǮǮҪ˸ˡҪٸɲãԹ⣬Ǿǵ̬ˡΰش󣬹ϵɽδչɲܵˡĸˣ׼óеΡ
漸쵼سĻʱ﷢ࡣ
ˣֻܿԼ취
Ҳˣλܵ˰æ
ţϵ쵼Ҳй⣬ڸλ·֪ͨԱæЭй⡣
ôһţ˵ǿˡΪ˲ʱ䣬ʼʱ뿼ˡ
ϾҲǹӪλԺԶҪġ
˵ҪԣԭɲȥԵһЩ˾ͺˡϽȥʹɲӦôҾͻдԼֲ֣дôԣۻǲȥˡ
ɲͲˣرϴ峤ͶǼء
˲ʶ֣ӣ׽һЩ˼ҵĺӣ඼ġҲҪġ
̬ǿӲȥôȥأôˣֲֻһҲʶ֣˲Ҳμڲ롣۶ҲҪһɨä࣬ʱȥѧ֣û׼õϡ
ȥ
ȥûģ
ϴ峤ô̸ˣ̬ǿӲ
ֹﱾȥ޹ϱҲȥֻҪϵģȥ
Щ˲ȥЩﻹĸɨä࣬Щɨä
̫ܲˣʱֲʶĶȥˣҲЦ
ЩҲòɨä࣬ʼѧ֡
ЩǰģɨäһڣͰˣʼԡ
Щˣһβ뵽Ĵͼʮ˸Ŵĸɲϲ뿼ԡ
Ѿ½ˣȻƣˮˢǽЩǾǡûʡ
֮ǰϸɲ͸ļд̰š
ȴǲι۳
䣬ᣬʳãֿ⣬ѧУȡ
󰡣ĳ˰ɡ
޵Ŀÿ¥϶˲
ǲġ
ǴأԺס
ЩЩûʶʲôǴ۽磬ˢۡ
ԭĹ˾ֻġ
гסá
ﻹڹ˵ӰҩļӹĵƵ
ǣΪ֮ǹЩ
洩ŰɫñӺͿֹĹǣ۾ֱˡ
ϴѧǿƵĸоһ
ѧǿֻδԼôЩ˿ԼܾҪԵ
֪ԼӦѡϵˣҲΣٲ֮ǰԼ޹ˡ
ҲԼ˾ͺˣĹĻ
˼ѣѾˣɫƵĻ
ĵϱҲǵһӲʱǸµϱ
й˲ͬ˴ɲŵλᡣ
ƵųһƬ
سǵЩ֪ఢ簢ûƭĿԹͬ
ŮӲһǾܾ׵ġ½飬ҲҪҸԼģΪ˼˻ס
ͿʼϹЩ֪ǽӴʮǰЩ֪ͺչСС;ҪϹĺӣڵɻʱʶ֣ѧ֪ʶжá
СЩ֪ǽ硣
Ҳ֪кܶ飬濴ǲġ
ԳȻûȥѧȴȻ̵֪Щ֪ʶѧһЩ鱾ҲЩĻ
ֻ˲֪Ļ
֪Լѧ֪ʶʲôãѧ֪ʶһ̣˼ϵõδйϲá
ֻѧ֪ʶȻѵ׵ˡִ˰֮⣬ûеڶ
ֵϱֻܻס
ûţֻԼ޿˼ҾûĻֻЭˡ
ѵĹԼΪӡ
ÿĥҪͻľĹȥʱ򣬾ȻҪйϢ
Щسǵ֪ఢ簢˵һѧ֪ʶ˿Եˡ
԰סֻҪϹˣԼļˡ
ҲΪϳ޼ҿɹ顣
ҲԼˡ
һ̣ȼ
Ƶ֮󣬾Ϳʼˡ
οݲѣĿҲܼ򵥡һ¸ԴֲЩвҩвҩֲʲôллԼڽ֮ĹЩ㡣
ЩѣϾﶼǾѵģҲǸһֹҩģ϶֪ġֻҪдֵģеĻˮƽ
ϾɽЩ˵ĻˮƽǶ̫ѵҲҵˡ
ֻҪЩʶֻһĻˮƽС˳Լڳޡ
򵥵⣬ܶ˶
Щ˻ڸʶֵĽ׶Σ˵дЩвҩֲֺעˣһЩĴﶼŸѧ
ڽ֮ĹдˡֿŵĿҪƽʱ˼Żдƽʱѹû˼Щ⣬ø֪±ˡ
֮ǰЩɲǵʱռϴıˣǱһĻȫ̲빤Ȼ֪ԴֲЩвҩЩ
Ϊ͸ɲǴĶ࣬ѧļ˼Ҳ֪ҪдЩԵĿ
һʮ㣬ԽдԽ˷ܡ
ޱңԼ赱ȥѧ֡ҪȻܵõʱĻᣬڵıˡ
ǱԹȫȫԼģͻһµʱ䡣
֮ٵǼǱԺϸˣ֪ͨǹμԡ
ЩԺϸ֪ͨ͵ʱ򣬾ͬȫصũõ֪ͨ˷ܡ
ɽ˲ʸߣҼһ˲룬Ըˡ
ͨѶԱһ;شˣһѷΧϢ
ͨѶԱֱӽ˸֧
ֵַˣϲܣϢ
ЩɲۼҺӵ֣˵죬ţ˿ˣҪˡ
˾ⲻǻҪҲˡ
ܱȱԶûϵĺãۼ⻹лءЩ˻ûᡣ

ۼҺӾгϢ
Ƕ˼ռ𣿡
˭ҺӲء

ԵĽҲû˵ϣϾܶ˶ЩĻ󣬶ڱ²ˡڽˣҲ
ֳʱ򣬿һ󾪺
ѾͷûϹѧĶ죬ﻹѧ
˼ôͿˣ
ɱдˡ
ɲҲдˣרһϲ֤֤û
ȷʵˣԾˡ
дĻͦáԾдˡ
Щûϵ˾Ҵˣôˣ
ϲˣڷ޵۾ˡ
Ｄϲ˴ѧģһֱѧαѧ˺öˡ
ѧЩȫŻ
Ȼܣɨäѧ֮֡۾Լˡ
йֲѧֻɼҲˡ˵Ͽû֮ǰľˣһš
ӽѾԼδȷƻˡ
ԺϸϢͬһ˵һ㣬ڸӴˡ
ҲЩûϹѧҲûϵһĴ
ԭǰûϹѧҲûϵԼҲѧֻҪԼѧ֪ʶҲлġ
Ҳǵһʱõ˿ԵĽ
ϸĳعġôЩءδиӡ
ֻһʼ


458 458
Խ֮, Ҫʼˡ
Ҫ˵ľò彡״
ûɶ⡣
ЩԺϸǶԼõ·ԡ
û¼ȡǸŸɲһ뿪СׯȥǸĵط
̲סǰδеĿ
Щ˲Եʱ, ҲڸϵĳȥӲ졣
ЩŴʵһŵˣ¶Цݡ
ڻӦȹӦˣ⾫òͻˡ
ҲԼ, Ե, ǻᡣ
ЦҡͷԼԼȡĻᡣ
Ȼȫ˵ģҲֻЩһֱûȫˡ
һֱͼǵһ, κʱ򶼲ҪԼ˻, ԼҲץס
ֻϣ֮ɽ˶
ȫصйɲǵĶ, ɵĽš
һʼĻ, Ϥ֮, ͺðˡ
Թֻһµʱ, Ų˵, Լ¼ȡ
Ѿ·, ЩڱȽ϶̵ҩٹҲԿʼճˡ
쵼Ҳҵ󣬸Ͻ֪ͨ¼ȡ
οɱϴλҪ䶯Ͼʽ¼ȡ
ϵͨѶԱ߸˵Ľ¼ȡ˴ɲ, Ȼڸ
ǵŶ֡
ʱ˸˵ĺԼҺӱ¼ȡˡ
һЩԼֵҲ˷ܵˡ
ĵˣ
ԼⱲĳɹˣ
Щ˶ҪǰȥΪµҩ֪ʶѵġ
ѵ֮, ʽʼˡ
ǵ˿ʼʰ׼ȥλˡ
Щ¼ȡŮΪĻ̶⣬¼ȡ١
Щ¼ȡŮסҪôǮҪô, ҪϱȥԺ⻹׬Ǯ
˵һЩͿĶˣŮӴҪ˵ġ㵱˹ˣ׬Ǯǲõġ
Ҹϱ
ЩܹŮͬ־ҲǰûطȥòӼﰲš˵طˣŰ뿪˼ǰλ
һ죬ɩҲҴˡ

ʽʼѵ֮ɽ¸ƻ졣͵ѵˣҩĳˣܹʼˡ
ʱֹǳ룬ũҲܵõ롣
ɽҲܵõ档ǮҲ͸ˡ
רŻһ㱨Щȡ
гӦһ㣬Ǹ˵Ĳˣ֮󣬻ȥԼ칫ҺȺò衣
ĲˮЦ̫ˡ
ЦŵɼˣӦõġҲû뵽ôܴÿܰھͿδķչˡ㣬Ҳһء
ǰ˰·ݹģšء
ǿĵĲˡ
׾ܿʼˣȻ¸о룬һ߳ȥˣֻҪЧˣʣµľʱˡ
ЦҲ쵼Ǻͬ־֧
ǵ쵼з
Ϊ˿ԵЩ
üͷǣ岻οϴζ˺ܶࡣɱΪĹˡ
û£ʹЦŰ֡
һġ
Ҳüͷ״̬ãǣҪעϢġҹǻҲΪԭ˳СΪ⻹ŷӦЩòʧˡ
ûǰǣҪһӰɡ
ʹˣҲǶԼ״˽⡣ȥҲǵˡڸλ淢ⷢȡ
кܶ๤ûźء
ɽǱ߻ûɼסӣšṩ
Ҫѱߵ쵼ӽеߵʱܹչ
ͬ־ҹģҲԱݵ֮ǰҪ̺·
Ҳ֪ǾʲôǾ״áҲûˡ
ߵʱ򻹺˵ˣȰȰǣƽʱҪúעϢ
˵Ҳûãִͦġ
̾¶˵ˡΪһ飬ֻûϰ˵
˵ȥ֮¡
Ͼ¶֪ˣпǾ͵ñȲˡ
Ҫʱ䣬ݿǰɡÿκ̸ͻúܶࡣ
ͷãɼҾ͹ǻ㱨ҷ
ᣬϲЩˡ˵ݣ˵顣˵϶ñݵġ
ȺҲΪԼһλòֶġ
¶ҪĸãҪɼǸˡ
뿪ʱ񿴿߽ҩʩضΡ
Ǳһı仯ˡ
΢΢ЦЦԺݻиı仯ġ
Ҫڱݽȫвҩг
гͻصĲҵ֡
ݻԽԽġ
ɽأ͸Զʡǵĳ÷˵绰
÷Ѿʡǵز˾ϰˡ
Ŀǰε۶ľ
ΪûȥĿǰûеõáȻҲûţγ֮ҲΪвҩ˼
ҲжǿǱ߳Ʒ֮Ÿɻ
ҲŵҰȫĳжܱˡҩǺгġҪѾҺüҩϵˣǶֳɹģֲҩܸȤһǩ飬ֻҪҩĴﵽҪı׼ͻ߽ǼǮҪ˵ˡϾһν
ЦȻǵģ߶۵ʱҲܸߣߵǱ·ӡ
÷Ҳģҩĵ󲻻̫١Һܿгλ;ߵĴҽԺҽĹˣһҩĹԺܶࡣճûһáгһˣǳġ
簾Ȳ裬رݲ跽ܴ
ʾĿǰгѾˣôһгȫԳԵ±ݵЩδҩг֮ҲгһĴ̼гֻԽԽû׼ء
δǮˣҲ֧ҩҩп̼ⷽ󡣡
÷ЦгĸܵûгҲҪг
۵߾簡
÷ﲻòλԼĲ֡
깤ܣ÷ͱʾ߹֮ιۣ˳һЩƷʡǹ˾ݵҩʽΪز۵һ֡
˸˼ˣӭӭʱѴݶҲҿɺþûˣ仯ǲǺܴ󣿡
ɴˡ÷˵ԼŮҲãǸյʡѧ̫ӦɼûƳǵʱãЩܵӰ졣
ոͨпʡǵĸСΪߵĽһݲŷءЩܣֲ䡣
źЦԭСʱôǿһˡ
˵ʧǳɹ֮ĸҶģΪͺá
ллгģһѻ


459 459
ʮѮʼ, εڶ̵ҩѾԿʼճˡ
ԱѵҲʽʼʽˡ
һԴŶȥӲ, ˽ҩĲԼӹ
ΪӶûɽҩĶǿ
һһҩĴɽ˳빤֮ҲЩп, ⽻ͨǲԺܲһֱ˹̫¶ˡ
ȻԺɽҪΪҩֲ, ·ǵޡ
Ϳҩܹˡ
ų﹤ǿʼӹˣЩɽصĸɲҲһֺǺǵģĻϲ
ǵ·⡣֮ǰɽĵλЧͲǺܺ, ֹû׬Ǯķչ
سĵ, г·ô찡
, İ, Һʡز˾ͬ־ϵ, Ǿ͹߲ιֻۡҪƷʹ, һж⡣
⻰, ɲǶϴһ
ҿг·ӹ, ʡز˾ϵϡ
ҩ֮ҲҪûġǾͺúùֲͼӹ⡣
سӦˡ
쵼ĵز, ǿɲʲô, ˵ȥ
ι깤Ǿ׼ȥˣҪȸл㱨ء
һ˸߳, һű¨ҩĵŮͬ־ͳ嵽ǰˣ쵼쵼쵼ұ˶˸λ
ü״Ͻ
ߵԱһҲǰ
üƿʵô£˵Ǳš
ʹɫЩס
Ůͬ־ź۾Լί˵ˡ
лǼ޵Ҵġ
ͨѧҩĳĹˡڼʱżСӣҲɩӻˣΪɣɽˡҶ˳ӡ
֮ŭգǾѹƻɲ𣿡
ǶģԼˡҲܣͲɩӵˡ
˵̲סˣұһֱصڲŷų쵼ҪΪȫԼѧϰϵĹˡһֱŬ뵱гϢˡ
ڶû챻˹ľ
˻żˣӦˡ
ֻΪȰ˵ɷҲҪɨäѧ֪ʶҪȻͲˡ
ż˼ᶨĲˡ֣˹˾Ҫܡ
ۿԼɩӶԼְλɽ
˶ˣҲΪƫǡҲΪһϱҲŴš
ίίôãһᶼûСǺæҩģֲ˵׷ˣôҲı䲻ˣŰųŸɻҵġ
ҳ쵼ģɳ쵼ʹɲءҲ֪ûáҺÿȺ쵼ˡ֪ЩǴ쵼϶ܰġ
ǰɫˣԱߵ쵼ǡ
쵼ҲһѿĿϵЩ쵼Щ쵼һ϶ðˡ
벻ͨôͻȻͷ¶ˡոմҶͦģ쵼Ƕͦġ
ջߣŻģǻ飬ʵỹ㹫ġøĲ䡣
سվ쵼ǵ¶ϽԲܹϰί
쵼ͷ
Աߴǻţ͵쵼ⶼԼġ
⹤ǹҿģ˿ġеĹǷϱ׼ģ˽еġǷģ
ֿⷸɰŻˡ
벻ͨԼҵĶϱ͹ŮôˡⲻԼҵԼĹ
ϧ֪õˣҲɲԼҴá
緹ˣ⳧칫Ϣȵ
Ҳôģֻ˵ԼҪ󣬴ϵ£κβеˣÿ˶ҪһҪ©Ҫ˭涯ֽš
سǻǵһοôĻﶼġ
ǰǹĲãˣгҲΪġ
οǶŭˡ
칫ң骸˲ˮ
ˮ̾Ҿ͵ǿҵ̬⡣γð֮⣬漰˵صһЩסףַȨΪʵ̫ˡεϳͣһʾ
ǾԲŵġ
ţ⵱쵼Ҳס
ƢҲ㷢ԵɵģĿĵķ
Щɲǲ֪淢ǼٷģԾ͵ϢҲҵ󣬶Ͽʼе¶뾡ԭίгһ
¶Ҳõ飬ȻûƬ˭ǻ˭ϳġ
¶ͺܿȷˣĿǰﶥȷʵǻɩӡ
Żﱨ¶쵼ȷʵûϾʱԵܼͦ࣬סÿˡҲûƬҲǴɲͳһ͹ģҲû뵽ᷢ顣
˽ԭί֮󣬾ҪԺ˵ҪƬ֤ҲҪƬ
Ҫ½к˲飬ȷû鷢ҲЩ쵼ǽ˷Ĵ֣һʾ
ҴĴɲϵȫߣ
һʱͰҴ嶼ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽һ¶ȻֳôĶ
ôϸɲ㣬һ͵Ĵɲ߼ʱʹŴһġڴʮ־š
һߣЩ˻ͦĴ֡
ɲǽӲܣʹҴѡµĸɲ
Щ˶֮ǰ﹤ˡ
һ˿˹λĹˣⲿѡġ׼ѧġû뵽һתۣͳɸɲˡ
ĿǰǴģõ֮󣬴ǻýһѡٲȷϡ
ΪЩ֮ǰŸɲǹһľ飬Թ֡
ΪǱˣԴҲûųǡλɲ¶֧ͦ֡˭˭ҲȫûҪһӵġǲҲṤ˭ɲû
˵ʵڵģЩ˸ɻÿҩҩģЩǴ
Щ˵˸ɲҲĵʱЩǰϸɲĲí㾢Ĺ
θɲˣûʲô
سʱ̶ڴĦߵͷӦΪʲôҪ˸ɲˡ
ԭҲǰ׼ء
λɲӰ죬ЩͻȻʶĴڡ˭Ҳû뵽¶ô
ǶЩСˡ
رǻ½뵥λ֮󣬾ͺҪ֮󣬸⸽ĴӶ䶯ˡ䶯ǣֹ飬ż˷Ƿн
ؼɳ˸ˡ
ϵʱ骾͸ˣ֮ǰľǷнǿ׷εġ
׷ΣͿ׷Ρ
ʱﻹͦԥϾһˣǹǸ
Ŭѧ˼϶ٻܵӰ죬ѲԭͥӰ졣
ҪȻҲῼϹ֮Ȼû飬ֻϣɷѧ֪ʶ
骵ʱͶ˵һ仰Լġ
ĥ˺ܾò¶ģ׿ʼҪΪԼȡһΡҪԼˣҲҪ˷Ƿн


460 460
ڵػһʱ¶
ϱż, ǰδУҹؼǻɹˡ
Ҵ˶͵͵ţ˵ǲֵ, ޹֮ڡڹȻˡ
û뵽ȻҲͬôڡЩ˸ץˡ
ǿСĲСС¶ˡ
ŵİϱڼʲôûôš
⻹ܣ
ҵȥ֮ǰϸɲæЩԭȵϸɲѾǴĸɲˣݶ㡣
ǱԵȵݵ, Ժٻе㸣ʲôû, ѹͲҵЩ¡
·ӣҲҲ·ŪˡֻܸżȥϻƼһˣûȥȰȰ
ż, ԺҲˡĸ˼ԸһżҵĶϱ
ҲöϱڼڣϽȥһ
Ǽ, ɻ⳷ߣҪ档ҲֹҪ, Ҫ顣
⼸ڹܳ︾εĽ̵, ʶԼ֮ǰ˼ô
ΪԼѧ֪ʶ, ˱Ƚġ
ɽڼ˵в½˻׵İš, Ƕô鰡
ڲ, ϲ㱻ż˻һ, Ը⳷ˡ
Ҳ̫ⷴ٣׷
ֱӷŻ, Ҫǲ, ͲŮˡ
һûҵĹŮԺôӡ
һ׵ʱ, ǲ˵𣬼޳ȥĹŮóȥˮⶼ޳ˣ㲻ҲͲҵһҪȻ˶ҵĹϱһˡ͵Լûˡ
쵼˵ˣңԺļҡ
ۡ
͹ȥӣТ˳
ûֵģǿɶءǾǸ𱣻﹤ͬ־ȫģܵԼء
Լ׼ֵﱻסˣҧҧ˳
ˣԵˡ
ҲչעЩĺ
˾Ҫûһжá⣬ԲẬԲһʲôСϢ˵뷨
¶ҪϢˣδҪٷƵ飬Ҳͳ˰ˡ
骺ͳ﹤ǱߴкҪע﹤˽˼ҪΪЩų
Ҫó﹤֪Ϊȷġ
⣬ӸϽȡ֤᰸ȻȫͨҪصǿκʽвȶǷġҲһ
ڷǰǷ˻İˡ
骿̬ȣ˵Լ
гҲάġ
гģ¶һֱء֪Ĵ㡣
ͷ¶ͬ־ͬ£ܲΪһоʾرѧУĺҲ֪Щ飬ʶЩǷġ
УҺϵΪ˼ˣǱȽȽģӦûʲô⡣
Ҫѧϰ绹ܹѹԺ֪ʶҲлȥ翴
šͷ
ҲЩԭԭĺͻ˵ˡ
ڶˡ
졣
ܶ쵼ףгôôע¶ǲЩСˡ
һŮҲڴˡôôġ
Ψ֪ĵĲһɽĻûվĻ
ֻλվĻõõĽܹվԼˡ
δΪ׵Ůӣܹ¸ҵĺͼ˵һ
֪骺Ĵ㣬ǶرгרŸ˻жĲˡ˴ûй
ԭֻҪԸⷴ쵼ԸΪֹġ
гܹǣϣܹĺáϣܹѧϰΪбµˡԺܹһֱƿԼˡ
۾ͷģһѧϰġڳṩѧϰᣬһѧϰ֪ʶ
骵ҲҪѹ˲㣬ˡǶġ
лллл쵼ǡϲ
⻰㹤ŮйųҲηˡ
쵼˵ˣûǴľЩ˵лˡ
֮ٺ˵ҪʾˣҲһڴӦˡ
ȫصҲҪ֪ġٲ˵ġ
ܹ쵼ôҲĻرˡ
骵Ȼõǻᱻȷû𣿡
죬Ȼҡͷ˭֪
Ҳе˽ġϣ˿¼֮ҲѧᷴͬѡͲԵòһˡ
һ䣬ЩˣĻᱻ𣿡
骿϶ĸᡣڳ̲һǿ϶ġ
һ㱣ڷôҷ
ôң
ֻ˵һ䣬֪η
Ϊⰸ֤ȷ䣬ûκ飬Ժܿоˡ
ǷǷн
ֻΪûغ̲أǻɷһꡣΪӷһ£һ¡һֱˣһڻûԼôͷˡ
⻹ΪĻܵвȵ½ģдϵ
ɽȴ֯£֪ǵôˡ
Ϊ˻ᣬȫطΧͨ
˹ڼ˳ţڷǷнһ˾Ϊˡ
⣬УڻɵķªϰУֻҪһԸΥ˻طɷ档
ȽϷǷнһǸעĿ
Ϊɽвټͥڻ׹ϵر꣬𽥶
Ƿģ
Ϲշ¾ͽ͵˫ˣԸûġһͬ⣬ǾͲСзͬ⣬Ůͬ⣬ͲܽᡣҪȻΥˣҪֵܵġ½ˣҲǲġ
رǽֹɵΪԼ׶׹ŮҲǵɡҪȻҲǷġ
һʱ䣬ԭ׼׵˼ҵǶͣ
Ͼ˼ģ˭Ҳ֪ô
رһЩŮ֪еĻĳĳ¼֮Ҳʼ˼Լδ
˼ԼǷԸͼ˶õǸ˽顣
ЩշֹʵڴУѧУҲʼˡ
ҪԺѧУҪʮӵʱշð֪Щ¶ܸɵģЩǲܸɵġ
ѧ֮󣬲ֹܹȷۣܹȥ
ҲΪѧУĺҲ֪ԭǰЩ˽飬ʵǲԵġ
رСҶ
żٺСؼͺţ裬۲ܻǷģҪץߡ
һûĻĸŮҲ˵¶أСҶ£Żˣɶأ±˼Ҳ֪أ
СҶС裬ۼҲܻ
Ӳɶ治˵Ըͳɡ㵽ʱ˵Ըģ۾Ͳ
ҲⰡСҶֱӵҲ⣬Ƿġ
٣ӣӲˣɨҪˡ
СҶµҲ⣬ֲܹҡҲ⡣Ҫ鵱ɲ
ˣֻ⺢֮ԽĲˡ
ˣͲˣ
СҶҲ£ѧУʦ˵ˣֻҪ飬ҾȥֲǸѧѡҪǹңǷǷн
裺Ӵʲôȫˡ
СҶһģкܶѧǡ
ѧǽ˼ͱȽǿ
ھһѧϰԼʦǵĽ̵֮Ͳǹȥ˼ˡ
Ƕʱ䶼ѧУסͼ˻ϷָˣƽʱͲܵϾ˼Ӱ죬ʦǽӴĶ࣬Ӵ˼ࡣ
˼άģʽҲ͹ȥͬڿСһЩΪǶܿЩзˡ
ΪѧôܷأǼȥ˼롣
ƫƫЩѧҳû취
ǿԼӵģ˴ǲṩסѧѡ
ںҲȷʵṩЩһЩǻͨ׬ѡ
ֻҪǶ֣ǾѧУȥҲܹźӡ
ѹЩ˼롰桱ĺû취


461 461
ɽæշʱ, Ҳӭյʱ
ҩļӹææµµҩģ÷ҲʡǸ˱ݡ
һ·ϿűݵĻﶼЩгˡòװƳǷչˣطԿ
һҪ޵еġ
鸴, ǼᶨһҪİгҩĴи
һҪݰ·򿪡
ûô, ֻ÷һ, ʮֻϲ
Ѿþûˣǹˡ
Լ칫ºȲ衣ݺòҶ
÷ܳһ, æ, ÿг̫ˣҵʲô¶ûء
, ȺȲٰ¡Це
ôҲԼˡ
Լĵ֡
, Ҳʶôˣҿɴû㵱˿
÷ж, Ų豭ֶˡ
Ц˿ڲˮҲ󹤷ֱӽ⡣˵ԼΪݵҩг顣
֮ǰѾ⽻, ˵ĸϸ£Ҳˡ
Ȼ֪δҩҲǺгġϾܶණҩ޷ȡġ
÷㱨͸еˡ
ЦҲҴƱ˵ҵҩõġǾҩЧġҲע͵ϺԴγáרʼֻҩĿС飬רץҩһġ
ҪռгûɲС
ͬγ÷һ, ÷ҲΡг˵, ǿ϶Ǻõġ
ô˵, Ҹˡſ϶ûġҴһЩƷȥͻȡõ档
õЦȤ¾ɽصź죬ɾͿˡ
÷֤û⡣
ЦҲҪ̫ѹѾȥˣΪɽҩӦҲܴһ󡣡
˵Žһϸ÷
÷ӹϸϸĿ涼һЩġ
ҽϽдģɽֲЩҩд¡дǵĹЧԼЩʲôôõȵȡ
ЩҩҪܾǰղˮϰԼȥˣⷽҲǷġ
÷˵ЩҪǶһЩǱĬģʱ䳤Ҳγˡ
ǰǻĺܶϰҩ˽⣬Ϊֻ˲ųԣʵҲԤһЩġԺ󰡣׼ڵͶЩ£ҪǸҽһաϰʶǻвҩ
ֻڻ᳤һЩҪ棬Ҫǡ
ģⷽһõġġ÷ҲŵЩӿɲǰæġ
һɽصҩǾûġ
̸깤ֱȥĹԼʵʲƷ
ȻϵĹϸҪ֮£Ҳ淶
÷ЩҩļӹĳƷ֮ʾЩҩӦûġÿȥ
̻ȥȰѵӶ˵
ЦҡͷȳԷæҲҪԷ
÷ʢȴɴһ緹
ɽûʲôɫķ꣬Ҳ̸ϿɿڡƳǵȫԼĴûñȡ
÷ٴθܵƶ
ǿԵĺ棬˿ûֲϰߵӣ΢΢̾־һҲֵӡ
гһֱˡ
˳ԷҲûôĹ˸Ե
÷ʡҲǷ˷ӵģӲƳǴ󣬵ǵضκáܷ㡣
ЩҲǮˣ׼ʡ򷿡λķȻҲãԶԼи˰ġҲҪһЩ׼ܷʲô飬ĴԶһҡ
ݣʵ֮ǰ˵ѹںЩ𣿡
ҿƺúܶˡ÷ЦȻЩǣǺӴˣܡǰһˡ
üˣ
÷ü˼ƺ֪οڣǰԴĵĹػҲûɶ˵ģһˡ
ԣĿӶˡ
ȷ
²⡣͵͵üȥš⼸ҲΪյţһӺˣÿ쿪ĵġ
÷ҲˣȻ֮Ѻͬѻġ
ЦӶһ
һѾ
һ浣ĴӰѧҵһҲΪⱲԼûһꡣĳûֹͣ
ิӵܽһ䣬ϸһ˵㡣Ҽǵò²ʮ𣿡
ǰС÷Ҳ硣
ʹ̸̸̸ֲ鴺ݵʵ̫ˣȴԽˡ
ʱӶٻ棬͵ҽ㲻ҪֹȲ̽ȻȰ⡣Ǹĺӣ֪õӰ죬ҲЩЧҲԸȳ֮󣬾ͻѡ֮Ļ
÷ͷ̲ס̾ҾϣˡҲǽˡ
Ҳϣˡ
ûһ˻ˡŮĲ⡭
극÷͸Żʡˡ뿪֮ǰһ֧ʣó÷ΪתҸ˵հǲǵСʱ־
Ҳֻһˡ
ϾһǵĹϵʵû׽Ը¶

ʡߣݷѧʹĸ׳÷õ͵ĸֱʣ˵Ĳˡüɫġ
ĸ׵л͸ϽطȥˣŸֱЦеģȻ뵽ʲôӳóֽɫ֣صĿʼдš
ȥݿհˣհ̻һֻӢƸֱʸҡҼǲǵСʱ־
Ҷ׿ڸհ̣Ҽǵãһֱǵá
ֻǵãһֱΪ˶ŬֻԼŬҲﲻհε㡣޷Ϊɲ
ڵ磬ҪšҪ˱ȣֻԼȡΪȻҾԺҪӱԼÿνһ㣬ȡԺհԽԽ
ҲڵԽԽ
д֮󣬴СԾ΢Ц
÷ſ͵͵ۣġ
ֻŹŮӰѧϰѵž͵Űɣͳɡ
ԼԺ˹ҲҪ㺢ӡһСģݶ˻ᴦˡ
мͥ£÷Ҳû¶ܿͽȷˡ
˶ùֱһ绰֪ͨˣʽԺʡز˾壬չɽصҩġ
ҸĻǮ
Ƕϵ֣ɽص¶ַˡ
ڿʼˡ
سԶλҩġͶԴγá
ǵһζҪʱȥ
쵼ЩҲġ
ΪЧ棬ζܹõҲζԺá
¼ӰӵĸϻЩŮҲɾʮ㡣
ΪҩĶǲϵģԴտʼҩĵĶûͣ
ĹҲûͣ
æµĹľǾ޴档
ɽظλڷĳаũʽǮˡ
ʮһµ׿ʼø忪ʼˡϾ֮󣬸ҪˣǰһˣҲһ·ݲʽǮ
ȻЩǮʵũǸĵǣһĶʳȣ׶١
ʳҲǺֵǮرɽɽزʳ߲أƽɱ֮һĶһʮͲˡ
⻹ñ֤˳ûָɺ
ҩͲһˣһĶİ롣
ʲôӽʮˣ
˵վˣűڰ칫˺üȻ۾ͬ˵骣ȷûŪû𣿡
ûУԶһӵ˱Ȼһġ
̲סЦ۾ˡ


462 462
˺Ϣ, һ֪ͨľǡ
µ绰˵ȥıл㱨ЩҲˡ
Ҳ֪ǲΪɽԭ, ʮµıݾȻûѩ, ·Ǻܺá
ڳϾͺ骰, ʱһ, ͸Ͻѳа𷢷ȥ, ҶÿĶصճҲҪũͬ־ֲ֪ҩǺ׬Ǯġ
ȡЩյũͬ־Լ
ĿıϾǴũ¸, Լ¸ǮǸũͬ־׬á
һֱͬһʵ֪ڡ
ڴҵ˼⻹ûа취õȷн, Ǯ, ٺܶªϰͻȻȻĽ
ǮˣͲúѧ
Ҳúӻס
ǮˣӴĻҲͶˣ˼ҲȻȻı䡣
ܻ̿ҪĲƸ, ȵ, Ҳġ
˱ίԺ͸Ͻȥ, ȥ˰칫Ҳ֪, ˼, ڼ
鵹ߡ
ʵ, ڼڹȥ㱨㡣
ᣬҴ绰Ǽʡ
, ҪǼæ, , 㱨Ҳһ鷳ϸǿ
Ҳ쵼ʲô¶Ȼ¶ȷʵͦ
˶Լ**˲˵Ҳ׷ʡ
ʵҲϣڼúҲ֪Ƕô뿴ɽɼ
ǰ컹ء
ҪԵһ£Ҵ绰ʡ
ͷҲУ鷳ˡ
һгøС
ҲЦŵͷӦõģְڣгˡ
Ͻȥǰ칫ң绰Ǽ
ӵ绰ǵİˣ˵칫Ҵ绰ģĲҵ绰
ԱǼҪл㱨
绰˵㱨ɽĳɹʱʮ죬Ͻ
˵绰֮ǰ˾Ͳ˵״ݼˡ
֪ԼǮԼĶЩԼܿˡҲֵĻҲЦǺǵţݼݼ٣ⲻϢһɣðġ
ǵİ˶ʱһתͽȥˡǿĵط͵͵Ĩ۾
ܿˣҲû˵ˮ
Ц˵̫ˣ㱨ණɲǺ硣
ԺɲҾ͵㡣
˵ȴһۻע⵽״
αϴμʱҪɫ԰׵ĶѪɫˡ
ٺͿҲ³ˣ״ˡ
ǡǣôˣ
ѹ֣𼤶˵
۾ǳ
ЦŵȰѹ㱨ˣһ˵ġ
ʵ첻׼׻ʱú̸̸
úĹš
״ҲȷʵʺȥˡҪڸλ棬ҲðѹӺãźáܸ֯һ̯ӡ
ĪЩأǰǵҪȻ㱨
Ҫ㱨ĿǰΪֹҩĵĶ룬Լҩļӹ֮
ܵ˵ﵽ˵ƻеջ
ȥɽϰֻҪʼԼֲҩģ֮࣬ƶ¸ûġɽΪҩĶ˰գӵĸָӲҵʹɽؾ÷ӡ
ⷱＤѡ
ڿڱݵϣˡ
갡ʱɲ㳤
һӱ̫ˡ
ϧ
̾Ϣʵֳɹܸ𣿡
ܡ϶ĵͷ
ɽĻġɽģʽȫԸƵġ
ظɽģʽ֮ǻڱнһвҩгȫҩгһǴһҲԴݾ÷չ
һгԴҵչ
סޡۡͨ
ð̫ˣ̫ˡ˵ãɼжô
Ϊ̫ͻȻסԼθ¶ʹࡣ
״󾪣Ͻվ߻֪ôǵİ˾͸Ͻֹʹҩˣˮǳҩ
ǳҩˡ
ȴԽأ촽΢΢ʵǣ嵽׳ʲô״ˣ
ҲûʲôʹˣˣһĲһЩ
һ⡣
ͬ־㲻Ҫģ뿪֮ǰᰲźùġ֤ļƻ;زۡ˭Ҳ赲ݵķչ
ǣòģҪú塣
ľͲǴˡ
΢ЦеأҵӲˣҲ괺Ҳˡ

͵һ£˼Ŀǡǲµأȴ֪ء
ǵǵҵʱҾ͸оˡ״رż͵ıδķչ˾ͺˣҿһ㶼ˡˣҲżˡܷģҲ㡣
۾һӾˡ
ΪݸһӰ
ɼۿűݷչɸԣӣΪݸһѪϸɲꡣ
ûڵҽѧǰҪúܶ࣬Ҳƺá
ҡҡͷΣʱ仹̣塣ʹˣܲסҽҲ˵βˡ
ʵҲģƣǸڵĹ̡뿪λ׵뿪ݡ
ʱ򲻷ģҲ᲻á
ڣҲû취ˡ
Щ㶼Ҫˣҵ״ҺҪǵǱݵδ
˵ź˿ˮѾƼгӰˡ֮ԸӰ࣬Ϊλá
Ҳһడ
һ룬ĳɼȴ㹻ˡ΢Ц
ҵ֧ɽԵ㣬Ϊ˽׼Ҳûʧһ߶ˡ
û뵽ʱǾôˡö
ˡ
г˺Ҵ򽻵ܶˣǱˡԱиģ˼Щسɵ뷨¸ı䣬Ҳܺ³ԡͼȶȻҲĺô¶ˡֻҪǿƣûޡҪƼҪԭ򡣡
˵Цһ£ԭǴƼֱӽҵİ࣬һֱгְӰ࣬δͲôһ㡣һ棬Ҳǿ֮ǰ磬˲ϲԽȨҪչãгְʺ㡣
صĵͷǣҲϰ߲һߡ
ǵһǾͳɹʶˡδгӰ࣬λáأҲҪ쵼˼Ѿʡί쵼ҵ뷨ǻο˵ĿԺ٣ΪǺܴʵġʱͰš
ǣסһ֯š
ǼʱӰˣһк졢Ƕ֧ĹԼڳίƱȨ㵽ʱǱ߲֧ĹҲǿԿչġ
˵ţͻȻǹϵ
Ǵ֧ҹԶĻ
ͺãҪŽͬ־ⷽǲĵġ֮ǰְĵطӶŽᡣ
ЩҲûʲôýˡ
ǡ˵ʲôԼ顣ȴ˵ʲôʡ
ǣһúùŬɼ㡭ȥ԰ɣơ
ЦŵİɣҾͽˡҾ㲻ȥʡ쵼ҲҪǿҪġ㰡ͺúֹ
⻰΢ˡٻơ֯ϹģҲûкõҽ
ҲٴϢˡ
ԺҪǣϢú
Ϊʵڽܲһøɲܵʹĥ
һߵʱ򣬿ıݣʲô飿
֪֪ߺ󣬱ݳʲô
񲻸롣룬;ܵĻš
ϳʱɫأ۾ˡ
骵ĵгôˣ
˲۾΢Цûʲôɣɽءץʱ乤ɼ꣬Ҳɽϰգʢϲֵꡣ


463 463
չ1990Ԫ, ɽصиɲǾͼӰӵİѸĳа 
ȻһһŴǰǮЩ˵
һ, ɽϰڴֽŵġ
һֱҩֲ, Ǯ һ롣ҩĳ, ֵȥ, ַǮ 
һֱγа𷢷š
Ļľʹ̨ , ߺȫϰа
аͳһı׼, ÿĶƽŵ , ݶ͸
ǰĳǮ, ϰǼͨǰ漷ţȥǮûˡ
ɲǴ 𼱱 , ʲôáŶ , ŶǮ˭վ 
Ӳû˸Ҽȥ 
ȴԴš
 , ĶأһÿĶʮԪ׼ ,  ǮһÿһԪ׼һԪ
 ĴǰȥǮ
⻹йǮء
˵˷ǮģȻƭ 
ɲһ
ǮĹ˼ 
ԭΪĲ û뵽ܶһݹǮ 
һٶͲ, 꾹Ȼܶá
⹤ǮĲ 
ͳ﹤϶ǲܱȵģҲ ϾۻҲİ ʱû˸ǷǮ
һʶ, ôԭãȻҲʻɫ, ϲЦտġ
Ψһĵľûʳԡ
ȥһûֵ, Ҫˡ
ɲ͸ǣõģ˺öʳվˣǶȥ򡣼۸ءԼȥԡֹ 
ũûȥվʳ ǻͣڹȥֳƷܹȥʳʱ ҪƱ
ҪƱ 粻ҪƱˡǮȥ򣬼ǵôȥ
ǮĴǸϽؼﰲʳԵ¶
ŵʱֹţҲ֪󲻹󡣡
ҲҪʳ̫ˣǾͻԼֲٶǮҲȲϳԱӰ 
ϣվѾܶˣŶʳ 
Ĵǰ濴ۣװ׵Ĵ׺ۣԼĿɺÿˡ
һǾϸ 

ǳԱߺڰ忴˿ɨäѧ֣۸ʶġ
۸ͬëһģëһģëһġ
˵ĴףһٿǮҲٽ 
һǧʳȫ ¼ٿǮȥõĶ
ô֮󣬴üˡԼֵҲһģһܹԱգҲûôĵ¶
ҪǻǮ 
ǰԼʳͳͳգ۲ߡǮҲá
ҲΪûǮɽϹ䡣
ǮˣҲ׼ Ķһ㡣
Ρ
ȻҪĻʳ
Ȼվ˵깩Ӧǻǲ ԼҼһǼٽһȻȫ˳ıĿʳ
Ǽͬһ죬ɽسһɫ羰ߡ
ˡǰСƫƫʮ㿪ġ
ʳ˻ؼ֮󣬶׸š
˻ȥ͸ҵ ˵Լʳ˶Ǯ 
ģﻹ˴棬ˣ׼ʢꡣ
ͰٵĽˡ
ٵĻ Ƿ˼ҵġ˿٣ֵĵؾ١Եٵ㡣
ȻҲԵ⣬ɿ᲻ˡ
궬ɽ˵ǲѰһꡣ
ȻҲҪ֡Ҽһ̸ҩ飬̸ ̸ʳ 
Ҳ һϢѸٵڸӴ 
ֵҩ һĶİ٣
Ϣֱͬһ㣬˾Ӷˡ
ЩܻôǮ
ļٵģ
ȥϿĴɲնȻģʱ϶ߵĴء
һĶİٰ   ضģһ겻;ͼǧ飿
겻ͳԪ 
Ҫô룬Ƿʳʱۿ
Ϊ˳͇Nɪ 
Ҳֻ 룬ֲԼҵ 
Լ֣ǿûǸ¡ֺҲ֪ȥﻻǮ
Ҳܵ 
ȻôοԼɶﻹǷһĶİٵ롣ܵ Щġ
ֵͬذ
ʱͷĹ涨ˡ
ڲҩֲΪ˹ũͬ־ֲҩģũͬ־ѡҩֲջȥֲ
Ϊ˹һȸԣҲ˽˳аҩ˽˳аҲҪԼеʧ
ϽԷǷֶвȳаء
Ϣɽը˹
ɲ칫Ҳ㶼ѯ˸ˡ
ðŷѩȥ˼ӲͰ¶㱨
гǰһ ر֡
Щǰ󡱵ɽϰա
ˣЩ˲󣬶ѹ֪ʲô 
۽磬֪׬Ǯˣ˭ֵܹסջⲻͻϽˣ
ûܹǲҪȷ¸· δǿ۽ȴûǮ ϱ· 
ûɲ׼Ӹ ѸԼֲϰոͳƳ Լ֡һҪҲɹˣɽĿҲͳɹһˡ
骵 ֻɹһ룿һ Ϊ¸ɹˡ
Ц һ˼룬ǹǳڵĹ̡ҲǾ÷չıȻӰ졣Ϳˡ֮ܶɽĿѾ̤ɹһˡڱչ Ҳиɱȥ껹Ҫæ
ɽĿչȣҲûбҪɽˡ
ĿѾ죬ɽɲԼҲܼȥˡ
߰ύ֮󣬾ͽӵǵĵ绰콻ɽĹ
ǳ˵˵֮͹˵绰
û״ 
ر¶ȴǿ϶ġ
Ͻ֪ͨɽĸسӹ 
ʵҲûʲôҪӵģɽ
س֪Ҫߣʮָӡ
һǾöͷ˾ ԼҲǿԵˡ
һмΪɽһ Щ᲻쵼
гԺҪӲ칤ѽ᲻
Ц ô˵ˣҿ϶Ҫҹλġ
س
ˣͲ˵ˡĹǿҪãũͬ־Լֲ¸·ĿʼҪǱȥϸĵҲؼһ Կɲܳ Ȼ뿪ˣǻעǵ 
سʾһȥϸҪԼҪɲǡ
Ǿͺã뿪 Ҳ֪ͨˣʲô󶯾Ҳϲ
ǡسæӦˡ
ȸس뿪Ҳʼʰˡ
ĿǰסĵطĶҲҪʰ
ŴʰӣŶ˵ĳ
һӣܾûһ
ôʰԼȥߡ
ɽѧУ
һֱڹŹװṤڳ߶
½סѧУӦɽĽˡ
Ҳֵĵط
ѧУĺҲûź٣ƺ׼ԡЩӲÿ Ϊס޵ģڲٳܲ
һܲһ߱пġ
кϷ
У԰ǻֵЦҲ̲סЦ
ϸϼҲ
ũͬ־ǽǮҲسΪһ⣬Ͼ¶ɫ
Щ仯Ҳ΢΢ЦˡЩû
ڶ뿪ʱȻûˡ
ҲＸ߲ɲһֱ͵·ڣûˣǻȥúù Ȼֱ˱С
Ϊеĳг񵱳ûþȥɽĿ
һĻع ˵½ٹ顣
ĳɼ۵ģ˵ʡ쵼ˡ
ʡ￪ỹһ 
⻹йǲˣϢڱݵλС
뿪аһ࣬˭ҲûͿĴкӭع顣


464 464
ص, һ¶Ҫȥǻ㱨
ѹûˡ
֮ǰѾ뿪˱ݣǰʡȥơ
˵ʡ쵼ǿҪģš
һȥʡ, һЩź, ûܺټһ棬ɽĸı䡣
ٺ֮Ⱦȥг㱨ˡ
гЩӡ
һ϶һЩѹ
ѹǲһġǿĻۣƲɵ
סӵ飬˵ǵ¶, ԺҲҪҶŬˡ
ͷ, г, , ǴҶŬġ
һǺܷĵġг΢΢Цˣ뿪֮ǰҲ㰡ɵĺܲǱ˳ɼʡ쵼ҩֲ¶ҲſǱɼ
׼˵¶أǾ׼ȫƹˡ
гЦ⼸Ҳǿأοɺ֮ǰɽһɽΧС, СÿչȫʵУˡ
˵û, Լ˾, ³, Чʾߡ
г, һһֱɽǱ߹ܶũҵĹû˵ϣҲǺϤ㿪չĹЩѡС飬Ҽλͬ־һɡҲܼḺҲܿչĸá
񣺡
гӣȻЦܹõ˵İæȻǸˡǴҵıݡҶܳһɼҲ¸Ϻõû
гû뵽ô˵׼õ˵ǾȻûü˵ڣʹӦˣ
һʱûӦ
ǡôˣҲúϢϢæ
ͷȷʵ̫żЩ׼Ҫʱء
زϰ˼빤ԼҩࡣⶼҪʱ䣬꿪һֶҩġ
¶̸˳һֱ뿪칫ңгûôô˳ˡ
ô˵ôûƢġ
Ѳɿͼ
ûûݱصĸɲǡ
ɽģʽĳɹг˱δչϣһ·
·߳ģݹְʱ䣬һطǴģҲƳǣ˼ꡣɼ֮ˡ
гΪǵñݵĸɲǻ۸ľ飬ְֵĸЩ飬ĳɳô뿪֮ǱݸɲȻзḻ¸顣
һЩε뷨ЩΪڱݵ쵼һֱѹţЩˣҪȥˣҲ뵱ˡ
ˣ˰סҪ̫ɫˣԼҪѹƣԸɴ˷ֵɼ
ֻû뵽ô׾ʹӦˣЩĥ͸
ܾɲ˼Щ˿͸
ﻹû⸴ӡ
෴ĺܼ򵥡
гĿǰгͳܱȫо÷չԼֱϵ쵼˻ҲءֻҪ֧Ƕ˵ϾյĿһµġ
ʲôͷģҲûôԶĿģģ˭Ҳòߡ
һЩͣҲӦõġ֮ġܲ飬Ͳˡ
ְλ䶯ʱҲΪ
뿪г칫֮͸˵绰
뿪֮ǰҲаˣݳĶθ
ӵ绰ҲܸˡжҪء
ʲô
Ķ͹ȥ
ûʣϾⷴҲֱȥˡ
Ҳǵһ㣬ҳɣһԸ
һҷ꣬骶˸ᣬ˫ڰ档
棬Ͱһİˡ
˵ĶЩڱݻ۵ľ飬ÿλ˵˽
뿪֮ǰЩʱ̸ʲôڱݵ·ߡ
˵ҹģҪΪ㴴õĹ·
ʵʡҽԺȥ
ȿŰɡ֪ˡ
ż
źܳдЩڱݵһЩ
дǰڵڵΡҲдݵľϲ
ǺõģֻûһϷչ֮·쵼ͬ־ţǸܴǰ쵼
ҸµϣԲοЩϵˣЩҹ۲ĽЩǶĬĬŵڸԵĸλΪĬĬס
ݲȱøɲֻǧǧĺøɲҲҪ˴ǡ
Ҳˣһӷ׸Լ룬˱ݡΨûԼļˡ㣬ڿ԰ķ֣úԼļˡ
ء
Ĭ˺һҲһʵİѱݽˣ뿪ˡ
飬ǵܺ𣿡
Ĭ
ôһ뿪û֪Ϣˡ
гǴʡܿˡ
гȻ˰࣬Ϊ˱ݡԺˡ
λְһĳгҲֱӽ˰࣬Ϊ˱г
ȻϢԤϣϢʱ򣬻ͦȡ
Ͼʮͷʱ䲢һ춼ûأȥˡֱˡ
λĳгǽǸָȥˡ
֮ʡ֯λԷ
Ϊ׹æλˣǺ˵˼仰
ϲˣͬ־Ǻʡгˡ
΢Ц쵼ǵκࡣ
ЦĳɼҲǺ쵼⡣ɽƻʡ쵼ǹĹˡűȫʵʩء
Цȫİ֮Ҳᾡڱʵʩȡȫ渻ԣ
Ц֪̾𣬾ǰ죬ǵ֢棬ʡ쵼˵гΣκˣġԸԼʮĵԱ֤ͬ־ԳеΡ

һסˡﶼЩۡ
ȸϳ뿪ˣһʡǵķ򣬡ҲԸҵĵԱ֤һ¸·

֮ʽΣΪг
λõԭũҵֵһλͬ־
ڳгλãĽгΡ
һְλɵĽС
Ǹڴǰйˡ
ʱ䣬Իȥˡ
Ͼ꿪ſʼ׼һʱҲˡ괺кܴĿڱݹˡ
Ϊǵ¶Խ޳Խǻռ͹꣬ͼۡ
¹úùʱεǿʼѻˣ˺üλ顣
ȫԿƹɽģʽ顣
˼λͷˣĺܱصһ쵼
ȻԸ⸴ɽģʽȴȫơԸũͬ־ֲҩģȴԸڸչũģйΪӦڱиسǣԳ˽й
ԭɽ٣ڸйƹ㵽ݣǰũũҵ˿ת˷ũҵ˿ڣ̫
Ͷ뿪سΪ˹ˣũɺܴͶȱڡ
رƹȫӰشˡ
ÿӶ飬ҳڳסԺǻԸũ
Ը⣬Ҳûôľҵᣬ᲻ӣ
ÿһоݵġҲȷʵ⼸ʮľѵǲ֪δгԽԽͶԽԽࡣֻչȥһЩѵš


465 465
ǾԼ뷨Ƚܵ, һ䣬ͬ־ô
ϣܹõֵ֧ġ
Ͼµİףʡ쵼, ҪǺԼǿɾ鷳ˡ
˾Ͳϲ鷳
Ҳ
Ͼǵһ
쵼λϴʽĽ
δǵദģʽ
Ȼͬǵ顣ȫļƻеصƲһˡ
¶ʱ֮, ũͬ־ȷʵҲֲҩ׬Ǯǵ˼ȴͣڹȥ
ζţһֱҩ ȷʵ׬Ǯ, һ, Ǿû׬Ǯˡ
̼߳, ҲǶžա߳ˣܹӴµ ܹѧ¸ԺǣҲѧԼȥ, ȥѧϰֲ
ǲֱӶϡ
Ǹµĵ, ǲ򲻵ѵʱҲֵ
ŽЭ, ǷչҪ
ü˼Ƭ, Ȼڷ֮ǰ, мʵ
ü˵
жٸ, ũ˿ڡ˾ض١
ݳж˿ڣҵ˿ڶ١ͬ㣬Ļ, жˣ
Щ, ϸղ𣿡
ǣ
ǵĺܵ, ҲܹؼҲҪϸܵδũ˿ڹʣ䵽˾Ƿܹﵽ¸׼ҽ飬Ȱղˣٽһ֣ôϾûе֮ǰǶûзȨġ
⼸⣬ǰǸµˡ
ְֱˡ
ЩˣֲܷҲе
ǰǣȰЩղ˵ɡ
Цŵͬ⡣ҪչҲҪɽղģҲһˡҲ¶Ǿʱôˣ
һȻŵͬ־ũҵŵͬ־¶
ɢ֮󣬴ҸԼ쵼
ĽгʡгԼص츱гİס
ɢ֮Ǿˡ
гҪĿгֵġ
гһߣǶˡǰڵʱ 
츱г㣬ʵгʲôƻ 
񰲸԰꣬ⲻǻûʲôȲż ݳ˵ǵҲһֱǿһҪŽͬ־򲻵ѣǿɲҪʲô϶ĿǰΪֹǿŽͬ־
Լͬ־Ҫ󲢲ߣֻҪΥ͡ߣǾǿŽġ
ʩϵĲͬǶǿԸıġ
гʵг⻹׼ú̸
ȻȺú̸ȡȡֵĳʮ㡣ҪȥꡣܹæղݵȻˡ
ȴá
˭ܿλȲҪˡ
ƺΪ¹ΣҲΪ뾡֤ԼľȷǺܻľͰͬ־ʼղ顣
Ȼôûʲôľٴ룬ǺôҲǱݱظɲҲжڱҲ
ȥͬ־Ҳʼղ顣
ǰź˹׼ϼҹˡ
ѾǰͺԪԼˣֱڻʡʡǻ档źӱԼߡ
жгӳܷͣ㡣
֪ٻȥ꣬Ҳ˿
֮ǰͻȻˣҪʹȨʱ˳ͻ
ѡٻȥΪڱԼ
ǻˬڼҺúùꡣ̫ĹԼһѵıزȥꡣ
һ··ɻԪͺӾͰʵʵڽӻڽӻˡ
Ϊ䣬СԪıҪ࣬ͺһСԲһġֵߣСԲҲƯģϲСԲ
ֻһë£ΧΧʳڡƫƫòڣĴҲԼĸͬһһ㣬עĿ
ĸŮ˱һԪЦ߹׼õ޷䡣
ϣЦŵлһˡ
ڶԴͥĸ棬ȷʵøлԪ
ԪüЦЦҺڴг͡һֱء
ڳϣע㣡һۡ
Ԫһʲôأ˵ˮ Ҫһûˡ𣿡
񣺡ۿһ£ȻԼҹŮߡƫƫԪţ裬ԪҲ 𣿡

⸸ŮˣԼġ
þÿػϣֻϵı仯ִˡ
ͼеģֲ˺ܶࡣ
ȫضڱ仯ΰĹȣͬ˹һģϵı﷢չ
㡣ֶ־ϣʱһɼ
Ԫ˵ԼμӪľ
ٲû񣬶ȥμӪˡ
Ԫ˵ôãжٸ¥޵ĶôƯ
ȥѧУ֮ǰĵطҪƯЩϲ
ǶõĶǵĹҷչ죬ɵûﵽǸز
ҲеģԪˣԪֽ滹ҪƯѧУ¥ǲ
Ԫһ۾ˣæĵСԴ
һʡǵļ١
ǵǻ鷿 滹˽ء
һ죬һڲųǰռ͡
һ· ͷ·Ҳ޵ĸÿˡͨӱˡ
رԽռͣ޵ľԽá
ԶԶĻĴӣдռͻӭ
СһЩ
Լ뿪Щ꣬ռ͵ķչǺ˳
ӲŸս·ڣԶԶģͿռʹڵվͷװ׵ˡ
̫̫źɫĴް§ӣŹ ŬŲӿߡүүڱ ҲŲӿ
񿴵Ӱ۾ˡ
ү 
̫̫Ҳˣ˵Ź 
ɲôԶ³ܡ̫̫ܿ߷ˡ
ɻˣһ綼˺ö೵ˡڳ ֪һǵġȥһҾ֪ˡ
 ̣ȣһȥġ
ⲻ㿴𡣷û¶үүģǵøһ顣
үү ʮ ΪԼء
ߵöզˣˣ̲˵
үү
ϰ鳳ܣһ̡̫̫үү
ӴιһĶˮˡ
ҪѾײȥ ñźԱˡ
Ԫô զءߣ̫̻ؼҡ̸̫ţ̺ȡⶫɱȹȥ龫á
˵ԪߣĹ񶼸һˡ
εĺԪЦЦǻϲ
ˡ
Ϣͱıռˡ
ǻûţһ˾ܳˡ
ûҵı仯ܴ
ı仯ԽĲˣɺǣȴҲˡ
ڵ 붼ɴ 
ĶҲˣԪֺ.


466 466
, һССܸˡ
رǺڵǣ˵ܳϻżֶ˵ɬ
Ҳ˵Ŀǣڵ, ڿɲôˣⱲӺԵĺڵ־ȻСˣ
һر
ɿСˡ
ԪźڵȻƯ硣
ڵˡ
ǵùĲ, ɾͲÿˣ
Ԫʵϵ졣
ڱЦĿġ
˰
첻ѡͼ˺úõĺ, Щô, ӿһȺˡ
ռ͵Ĵǡ
߽ߴк˵ǻˣǹ֡
Щûˡ֪ڱ仯ɡ
ż׼Ķ, ȻΧ, ô˵жá˵ȸĳĳĺöˡö˶סء˵Ľ
Դӽ, ûˡϼߵı仯̫ˡ
ռ͵ĸǶҲĸˡ
Եľ͸оռ͵־
͸ţе
ֻзḻܴǵź͵
֪ǻˣЩҲ֡
רԼҵĳԵĹ
Ҫ˵ռ͵л˭ǿ϶ġ
ÿ˶֪ġûǾͺһ, Ϊ׬Ǯءɶ
ÿ׶ҪǮ, ǲ빤ĻùʡѧҲûǮ, ҲûǮϴѧĺӻнѧҪԸ, ȫ˶Ҫ߿һۡ
ΪḻԼõѧϰ, Լʦռ⼸Ѿ˺Щѧˡ
Ǵԭ, ÿ춼еĹšÿҸĲ֪ôʱ򣬾߶ĺá
ˣȻɾǰ߶
Ҳĵţ˵õĵطҲ֡Ҳرġ
ԱߣЦǺǵڱϿţһԼϽ߶š
ԵĸоߵϽûǰˡ
ʣµЩ̫̫ǣͶ䶼ûǰˣҪѶ̱ϴգȻ˵Ԫ֪ӡ
ôˣж̫̣
ԪЩɤ̫̫һȻԹԵĺֵ̡̫ЩѾûݵ̫̫ЦĿ
ҪԪԴһѣ񣡿
Ԫ
òףЩʶǸջϢȥռһԼžۡ
Ԫʱֳų裬ıһȦ󱻺ڵǼųȥǳˡ
ֻʣЩˡһΧһ⼸ĸԵı仯
ȻӣһֱռһĶֵءġռܹƽȷչҲˡ
Ҳǳ˴ġ˰Сǹľġ
Ҷһӵûռˡ
˿Ļɴֱȥ淢չȥˡʡǿźüСļ˵ꡣԼºˡҲʡǶˡ˵ҪģҲ֪ʲôʱ
û
°Ц˵дĿ߲Ϊء
̵ֹ߲ŹһС֤񶼲˰졣
°ɶй˼
ˣһˣҲ̫̫ˡ
ⱲӶˡ
ЦҲϵ˵ŮҲһйء־ͬϡ
ǰôڳɼˣҲˡ
ɶҪʮˣ֮ǰ°ΪĶӳء֯Ͼ͸ˡ
˶ԽԽá
ϽεģڴˣȻҲޱȣԪʱ۾͸ҸĹâ
ԪģҲá
˵˼ĺӡ
ֱԹ֮ǰһˣɼȻá϶ǿϴѧģҲǶϡǱַָ˵˵ϡʮˣһѧڲ׼ˡ׼ѧԺɵİ࣬ռͿ
룬ɼȻǿרû⡣ʱѧʦԺռСѧ顣
Щ˶ΪҪѹСȥҾͲšҪǿӣԺʲô涼СС컹ôչ˶֧һϡ
ɣĶҲϡȥС졣
񿴵ɩڵ̬⻰ɲ˵ġֱ̫ˡ
һˣлȻʵʵ˵
ɣֻһ˵Ķӡ
Ц۹ŲأֻǸѡ˸ʺϵ·ôˣҲǹٵ¶ǰ߳ȥǻǵðɡ˼ѧרѧǱһ¸ˡڶоˡ
ֺǵǵã֮ǰģһ˱µġɲ͸ѧӴˡ˲𡣡
ǿɲʮУг״Ԫû׼ԺС첻ֹͳҲء
ó°￪ˡǶĻû˵
Ժ󹷵ҪгϢˡ
˵ڵ
սЦ˵ڵҪμӸ߿ˡ׼׶ȥ
۾һа𣿡
Լ˵ģҲûʡԼˡ
˵Ȼǫ飬⻰͸š
ҲڵȻϧԵˡ
Ƶ˴ѧ֮ҲҪʼⱲӵԵˡ
λ˵ĪԪˡ
иۣеܵܳݡ
ֱ˻ˡ
ȻϲĻǺڵ磬رáﶼš˵رº͡һ
ͱȽ֣ϲҪٸ߸ߡ
͹˾ٸ߸ߵˡ
ҲãϧȽС
ڱԼСµĶܵܣǾ͸˵ˡɿɰְ֡
˯ʱͺ˵Լ뷨
Цأȹˣǿֲ֪òܼء
ԪһȻ̾
ԪչߵԹǵÿֵܽã
һ£¶㽿ɫ
ԪЦʵǲǺܿģ
š
һ˶رá㡣
㲻֪ǰҸʱ򣬶ء
ԪЦ˭˵ģһǵõһҧͷ
ԪչӣӡְҲҧ𣿡
ȻǺܾúܾǰˣʱûԪء
Цź͹ŮԪǰ¡
˵Ԫһһֵġ
ԭܵİְ֣ءµġ
Ԫ鿿ͷϣ˯ů͵ĿŮҸЦݣü۶Цݡ
Ǹʱ򣬿û뵽Լʦء
֪ǻ϶Ǳߡ
ź˯ˣţȥ
ȥ̵ķ䡣
Ҫǻ̵ġΪ˶࣬ûúú˵ءҲҪ̵ġ
̹ţ͵͵ĴԼͷóһǹɿġ
Ǻǹȥԡ
񣺡̣˰ɡҶôˡ
զˣŮ𡣸ŵġЩ۵Сӳģ˵óԡŵġ
˵ִԼͳЩԵ
ЩҪǷڹȥȷʵǶõġԼɲǰЩСˡ
ܻǸʮģմӳռ͵С
͵壬һȣ̡
̵զˣ
ûɶءþûˡ
Ц˻
һԵĽ񣬡㣬ǸġԪģС޿ɲܳԶǣҪ̷ۡǺö龫Ҫá
һѶЦŵлл̡
лɶȥԼͷ¡
Ȼͳ˵Ǵģ֪ô
ϺͿˣǲסˡǸġǵɲģʵͣûǮզ죿ۼҲǸɻµˣԺѧϷ٣ء
񣺡
Ȼ̫̫˵Ѿûǰ߼ˣȻЩܵŨŨİ⡣
Ȼ֮Ŀʼô⣬ȴĺá
´λͼˡ


467 467
ǰ, 껹졣
Ҳûţ⣬Ҳռ͸ߡ
ռ͵ı仯ȷʵԵģϴλ仯󡣸ˡ
˵ҼһĦг, һ˼ĦгġгǼҼһˡ
ʱ, ѾǸԣͥˡ
ɼռ͵Щϰ, Ѿ¸·ˡ
ʮ갡, ¸·ѾʮĹ⾰ˡ
ǰܾӳڻͷ, ƺգ۵Ĺ
˱
ϰչ, һʮֻ¶
СתתӻΪ׵۳æµ
, ˵Ĳ, ֮ǰ֪Ҫ, ء档
, ҶЩ¶ˣͲôʦˡҾ㿴˳˽һڵгҲ֪ڱҲڿչⷽĹ
СҲгġ̵һЩ, ǿɶء
Цɩ, ͱƺˡһ, ô
ϰˡЦŵ
Ȼռҵϱ, ĶɩɵôҲı䲻˵ġ
ҿǱʶﻹΪԼǶ, Ȼ޸, ҲԼ뷨
ҲøĸˣҲ¼Ĺϵҵ˽صĶڻĹɱǰҪѡ
һУ˽ʲôҡʵڲаҲܵıȽ϶ࡣ
Ҳã˽һЩݡ
Ҫ˽ʳг⡣
Ȼ׶ǱҲõݣҲҪСҵṩһЩгݡ
ṩгʮֳġ
ÿг󡣳ԽԽ
кܴһ֣˿ڴг
ʵһǶܿˣũѾгһˡ
¼һݣ׼󿪻ʱϡ
ϰ˵ǵĹͨʱЩ˵
֪δũѾ ҪҰũǲܵġܹģũͬ־ֵصһǰ;ְҵԸ
һ˼ͽǺбҪˡ
ص߶ˡ˵û һֹŹ 
ϰ߾ǸĲˡ
ϽϣȥĲ԰ժײˡ
ְֻˣҲ߶¶ˡ
ҶʮŻġ
żܼҹʮģΪˣǸ⣬ҹꡣ
棬˵ĲˡرҶһӱס
˼ĳ죬ʶӣҶԽ˽⵽񵱳˶ôõһ·
ЦĿ񣬡öԽԽиɲˣгˣɲ
ЦŵɲִСĶΪ¶㣬仯ܴġ˵ϰˡ
ɶͿ˼ҵꡣ
ҲҶı仯ˣɷ ʮšҲضˡҲʮǰǸϲŭϵĹˡ
СһӣȻۿĴѧԽԽ ҳҲرãȻ˶С쵱ɲôҲ͸ɴҼܳȥˡ˵澫ʡ
°һۣǾʣؼˡ
ҶٺٵЦ裬öǰӣôǵġ
°
ȻʵǶԹŮĲ˵ġԼһݼҵ ӣɶģ
̿ɲ°ӣ飬вҸǰûТ˳ءڼƨûС
вĺͳ° 
һ˻͵һ죬̲סЦ
ʵ֪ˣ̲ǲϲϲҶ䡣
ڼǰҵڸС
ԴҶռһԱ Զ׶ǲָˡ
λ鶼ֻæ֤ͽʵҹ ֻ¶ʱ֮Ҳ
ȱһˣռҹҲ൱ֵġ
˺һһӶ£ǰ 
ͬˡ
극ԪͰˣ˵ҪȫҸ
үү̸˵Ĳˣ˵ԪŮǸˡõĻᰡ 
˵ʱƬҲһء
Ϊĵһ㣬ȥһѧæա
֮һһ̺үүһԪһҵСǰֶżĺӣԱǳ°вģһˡ
ſһŲȫҸˡ
ȫҸԪָˣرϵ˺ЩƬ׼ȥһᡣ
λԪ֪ˡ
ƽʱźǣ¡ʵر塣
֮󣬺ڵܹøɲԸҵһš
ԪЦȻԡ
ڵ˼ ԾĺÿҪ 
Ԫüü¶Ц⡣ͬΪ ȻܿͿڵˡ
һʱЩЦֶӶҪˣǲˡ
˯ʱԪ黹¶Ц
̾˿ 
Ԫʵ̾ʲô
ЩԵֵˣҲΪһЩԭ򣬾ûԵˡ
Ԫ鲻ͬΪԵֵˣôԵֵġ
㲻
Ȼϱ˯
ôûԵأϱӵ׵谡ǰ϶Ե֡ⱲӲҲ
Ȼ̾ڡǺúõĻšıǰҪá
Ƭ񿪳ȥݼӼϴģ뿪֮ǰõˡ
һ˸߸˵ĿƬ˵˭˭˭ĵĺãࡣ
ҪȥľʦԼҴǽƬŽȥԺ󶼿Կˡ
̸˵˴¶
񣺡
˼ʮƬ ĺúõģ׼ȥ档
Ƭʰ˶ǲųˡ
뿪ռ͵ʱռ˺ͺܶռ͵Ĵ񶼹͡ﶼ
СԪ᲻ãſų濴ȻŸǡ
ж˾˶ܵܣ̼椽㡣
ȳ˺ԶˣԪžɥʵ裬Ժǻɺˡ
صȻǵء
Ԫ˵һڡ
Ϊٻû꣬ԪܾصϷ ֱӴŮһغƱݡֱҪʮ뿪һֻһԪڣúùƺĸһһ 
ЦĿҲңһ㲻ɣ
гҲҵ
ҲС
Ц 
λص ɺܶˣû֮ǰأǵ ʲôĸо
ҲܹĹˡ
Żһ죬ֱȥˡЩ¶ǻرǹʱ򣬳õʱ򣬺ú̸̸
Ҳ൱ҵΪǵĵһ괺ڣ߻㣬οũͬ־
ȥһɽأ˽⵱ϰյ仯
ɽϰշ϶ˣҲ˾ҪطҲɽģʽ 
⼸һֱĥ¶أ˳ǰҪݣҲˡ
ҲоҲûȥڰ칫Ҷȹġ׼ ˵֧Ĺ
˵ˣֹͦġ׼˾ˡ


468 468
ͬ־ĺ簡ѵûȥ, ô졣
ǻڿͿ
ҲЦⲻǽҪ¶ܲܰѵӶڴ, Ҫһһȥ, ǱݵδҲ˺ܶĸ롣
⻰, һɫ, ʲô룿
ǣЩɲ, ûȥˣı仯ܴ󰡡붼벻
˵ϷԽԽĹ˿ʼºԽ, ԽԽũͬ־˳ĸ￪ŵĴ󻷾£ǰ붼·
ǲ֪ʲô, һʱҲû̬
˵ЩȥϷ򹤵, 米Щǵũͬ־, 뿪Լ˵𣿡
˻ûšڹȥЩ, ũϺ뿪Լء˶ͬһƬ, ͬһġһһ
ΪıΪ˹õҾǱˡǱݵũͬ־, ѵͲ𣿡
 , ڲҲڴǹҩֲһĿ
Ǻ, Ǳũ, ġä, ˼ʲô鶼Ҫȥ׻˵, 㲻, һ, һӡδݻ쵼ҩֲˣϰô죿
ǷⲻܣֻҪǺõģҶ֧֡
ЦɽĿҲǺõģҲҪı𣿡
ˣǰЩʱЩˡ
ҲǿǵũͶ뿪أзա
óԼıʼǱݵķ λȥ꣬ҵСͼŲһЩ ʵ֤ũѾΪһơҪģñũڱݡΪ˴ﵽĿģҪģñũϽѧ֮ǰҲ˵ǸũйͼҲϣܹ̼ũ˵Ͻġ
һҲȷȻ뿪ũ壬Ȼڱݵĳ衣Զȥ㽨衣ȻĴúɽ˭û˽أ˭Ȱ Լļ罨أ
ҲΪһڵвͰũͬ־һƬ档ԸṩѡֻҪǽϽ
Ǳ˵첻֪ô
ȼһ̣һڣüǳе˿أڳоܶ඼ʧҵˡҪǳִʧҵ˿ڣҲǺص⡣
ҸҲ˵ˣºԽԽԽࡣΪǱȫǡ ıǶ̷ƫ
۾һɣ涼ûء
Ҳû˵ð 
ǣ
Ҳ˵ĸȫӰǺǻڱݣǱġݼʮһգҪ𣿡
Ǽҩļӹܽݾҵ⣿
⣬ʵ˵
̶˳ˣͷյָͷŷӦϽ̡
վǣҽȥϰգ벻ӡȻ¶ʮּɫҲʽ̬֮ǰ飬Ҳͬ⡣ҪɽģʽǾ͵ɽģʽҪģ͸ĵĳ׵ס
˵ԼıʼǱ˳ȥ 
ǺĬĿ˰칫 
룬ȥ֪ͨгСˡȻίûһ£׼ˡ
ոǣҲǴȽ ٱ̬ȡ
֪֮ǰ飬ΪݵȨΪʩ
ҪĲŽᡣ
ǹִ˵ҲֻóԼǿӲ̬ˡ
껹û꣬гǾʹæ򸮿ˡ
Ļ֮һʵ Ǳ̬ô 
Ѿ̸ˣû 
гʵͬˣ
ƣ忪

Ц ǷչãְΪҲܵ
˶һۣˣг׼óǿӲ̬ˡ
ҲЩˡ
Ͼǿ϶֧ġҲܱġ
г ǰ͸ǿӲ㡣
 ⲻôҹ 
ǵĿܵ 
ˣϽᣬǽæµһꡣɾûôˡ
ҶʱĽ빤״̬
 Ǳ߾Եɥ 
һҲļĶ־ܵ
һҲڿ֮ǰ˵Ƿ
ǲǿ쵼 
ЩȫʱġԼḻĹġ
ҲһôȷʵԱݸҲĸ¹Ϻӵġ
ìܵ뷨ıܼ尾
ϻص 
Ӹ˲ 껹ûأôӡǰӲͦã
û˵ͦá
Ӿ͵ ˵ǱҪܶҩĳ 
ǲ˵˭˵ģⶼûȷء
أⲻ һǱȥҶɩҴˣ˵ҪлᣬܸܲţֶӴҵء
Ƕʱɫһ䣬ҵҸʲô Լ֪ȥҹ˼룬ûϵô죿
˵꣬һ ͻȻ뵽ҵô࣬йϵľȥҹϵûϵĸż
ܽһˣܽ
һ֪Ƣ𣬾û˵ȥˡ
ڶ죬ûϰ࣬Ҳûһ
ݵгԾ
С̷Ҳеģǲࡣ
Ҳͱݵľûйء
ϰûʲôǮȻû̷׬ǮҲûԸ˿̷ˡ
ұٻЩȥ뷨Ϊλ룬̷
ͨϰܿ⡣
һ̯һһ붹ԡ
߳Ա߿ϰæ ϰæˣʵ òð
ɡϰǸʮˣЦʰϵ ȻҾͳɡ˼ƲԼϰ⣬Һû⡣ǰҲڵλɵģЧԽԽã¶ûʡ
˼ǵλ棬һ׬Ǯ
΢ʵҪٻصλأ
ҲŲȥءϰЦɵʱµλˣȳ֪һ˫֣ʲô׬Ǯͬ־˵ǲ 
ﻰˣЩģΪ˼࣬ۡ
˵Ĳ֪Ƕôֵ 
ǳּ꣬ڽϹ˹ 
Ȼ֣ݳȻ˿һɽҩꡣ
Ķõҩ
ȥһʲ֪ϰ廹ɽˣܹĵꡣ
ɽسҩ궼˺üˡ
Ҳǵɽ⣬͸⡣
ϰΪҩģʹɽҩĺô˵ʡز˾Ǻģרġ
ڵɽҩġ
ҩı滹ˣɲ׬Ǯ׬Ǯ 
ǲô˵
ϰЦ˵ˣɽôҩܹܲ⿿˼ңԼ·̣Ҫҩģǲġ԰ǶΪر͡

ǲ˼ һЩ֥׼ȥݲȡ
ɰϰ˻ˣֱ˵Ҫ㡣
Լ֥ʵɽڹô
أǰáϰһ⣬ܺ ֶˡͬ־пչȥ档ˣ벻ҩ⣬ҪҸǣߣҲɵġ
ǣ
 ǲŻص칫ҡ
ʱﶼҪĵȥ۲Լ֮µı

¾ͺ֮ǰƻҩԳйҲı䲻˱ݵľá
ֻ·ѡ
Щ֪֮£ƽҲʼתˡ
ô죬Ҳǰŵĵ͹ˡ
ڰ칫ϸĿݡ
˶࣬٣Ǳݵȱݡ
ũ˿ڶ࣬˿٣ҲǱݵһص㡣
ڼƻ֮ǰûпƣʮʮرࡣ
·һһݶڸı䣬Ͼ
Ҳڿݡ
ǲͬ黹㲻
ô׳꣬ǱݷչҪ
ϣܹǣͬԼļ԰
һڱݷչ̣һָƴͬ־ȥ
罫ݵЩزȫи
⿿ز˾ɲУǵÿˡ
δҪһҩˡݵҩĶǮ


469 469
֮, ;ٵ죬ݳˣǿ϶Ҫġʱ ֪ľˡ
ԼҲ׼
ŽȻҪ, ͻɱ, ҪԼΪȷ顣
ݲˡ
ѾЩ꣬ٴ, Ǿ͸ˡ
Ѿ90꣬ٹ꣬ΰѲ, ģʽͻᷢ츲صĸı䡣
гľԽǿ
Ѿģȱĳиг³ͷˡڳǿӲĸĸûڶ·ߡ
ϵĵ绰ͻȻ
ңҰ칫һˡ˵绰͹ˡ
ǣʱüͷһ
ϸһĥ˵εģֻ߱Ť
ô˲䣬ˡ¶Ц
Ҳֻоı, ǲŻʱֱŤ
̫, ¶, 绰ȥ̸
ΪϺϵĺ󱲣ȻǨͬ־ˡ
ǶԼĲ豭, ߳칫ҡ
²һȷʵıˡ
ͬ˵, ʵһûʲôˡǿ֮ǰֳǿӲ̬ò˵Щ, ȻȻȻľȥ˽
ͨ˽, ĵЩ뷨ȻҲʼƫơ
ҵ˿ڶѹ, òѡ˵һ·׵׵ĸĸ
ص񣬡ܽҵ˿⣿
Цŵͷһݴģֲҩģҩܱ֤ӪҩǱݾԴԴϵвҩƷʱҪ㿪·
ݳϰձũϰվͶһЩơôʶ࣬Ҳ㡣Ļˮƽߡĵʲˡ
Ȼ˿϶࣬һٸܳһͲˡֻһҲǹġһҩḷ̌ǲǵƸԱڣŹˣľҲԳһЩСģḷ̌С̷γǱеĲҵҲҪҵ
̲ס˿ˮܽܶҵˡ
ǰЩ˹׬Ǯ͵ûʳסз棬ȻҲĲҵʱȫҪıݳûйʱҲЩ˻һҪ裬ҪչҪľˡҴչϷ˵ ҲΪӿ˴Ͷһշ츲صı仯
˵Щʱɫʮš
ż˵ЩݵҲĴ 
ʱһ˿ûˡ
ȻҪӵģͰ˰Ȼͬ־ģȻҲȥˡҪȻ˻Ҫ˵ݲ㡣
ЦȻᷢ Žı쵼ӣǷչҪ֮һҲһֱһܺõİ೤Ǳݷչá
⻰ʮ̹ 
һг˵⻰Ѿܲˡ
ͻȻ˺Ҳã֪ǰ
Ǿһ㡣
ȻǾͿɣѵӶ㿪ʼʵʩЩ
ͷҲΪġҲһֱصļƻҪȿһСᣬȴµ̸̸Ե뷨׼ˣٿᡣ
һӾͰȨùˡ
ǣͬ־׼ĳְ
ϰߣϲ׼ãܽԼʱ䡣
ǻûܲܲӦ
ȡˡ
ֻЩ
ǰ緢Ҫֱݴ֣ݷչЩ뷨ˡ
ǸƵɫС
Լͨ ı⣬ҲǿŽͬ־ 
ͬ־ҲԸöԷֵ㵣ӡ
λύٶҲظɲԻĹܿ Щ¶ʡ
ǣڿ֮ǰһи뷨Ҫ
ǵʲô뷨
ݱϾҲСҪչȫеĿ϶ȲɽЧʡΪ˼ӿЧʣΪӦ÷ֹũҵҩֲҩ裬ҸƶƶԼҩг裬ôǵʱС ô
΢һ£Ȼû뵽ô 
ΪҪȡĿȨء
ôš
һ֮ǰŻûӰˡȻũҵֲ͹裬νҩгԼȥġǰûͻ
ʵ 㣬ҩֲ㲻֣
Ц꣬϶ǱϤģһɽģʽǰҲġáгͻȻģˣһġ
ĵ˭
֪ѵôİĿø
ʵδҪɼ ǰ
ЦЩͲΪʲô
ǣ
ͺǣΪ˱ݷһϸɲһҵĿΪ˰ѱݽݺã˵ԸֹõķʽܲΪһ˵ͳǿȫץȻϰշչɡ緢չ縻ԣܡ
˵̹ȴǵĲӶҪˡ
εĵͷȲ衣
񿴵Լ顣
Ϊ˵Ķôıݣôĸ顣ҲûҪһɼԼԼһ¥
һ̣û̸ȥˡ
аɣ翪ôš
ߺǺ˱Լѣƽ飬֪ͨԼߵ쵼ɲ̸
Ҫ¶Ƚ˸ס
˶ЩһѾ 
ȴҲ˿ô쵼֮ǲȥˡ
ҪȻЩ˵ĹҲ
Ҳû뵽ַʽβġ
ظгǸг裬һô죿
ǵȻ׷Ρ𣿡
֣гЩ û׼ ǾͲһˡ
Ǻظгû˵
Ҳڿ⡣
ǾҩֲɽǰҲѧϰ˵ľˡ
ܰҩгǰˡ
ǽ˱ݾѣ岻ͬ
̾ҪɣҲǱݵĴ¡ݷչãҲǵ 
˫˽ﶼͨ ͸˵֮ ⳡ͸˳
ǷԽĹһµİšȻгϸڡ
ȷ⡣
Ȼ˵һֻһ 
Ƿֱһ ֶԷ鹤 ֮⣬˶ҪְҪʱÿСĹ
֣гҪǽ蹤ҲҪƹ㹤 
гǮߵʽ
ͷһΣݵ쵼̶һκﻹ΢΢ЩӦȴĪЩڴ


470 470
ֶ, Ҳˬġ
ϻԪԪһףһ
ԪҲֺǺǵģ˵ʵˡ
Ц, ȻˣҪŹˡٹԪ, Ҫˡ
ԪȫЩԹϲСȰӡڳΪĸN
Ԫ鵹Цſһƿף
Ҫæ𣿡
šͷ, Ȼûô, ҲҪҪһҩˡÿǵ˫ֽݵҩͳȥ
Ԫʵ, ҪҰæ𣿡
⵹ǲãĿǰȻԼչȽϺáʱ仹ǹ, ֻҪú
Цźһھ, Ȼ̵촽, δ̸вҩ, ضҪ̸Ǳݡ
ÿǱݵҩ˵Ӱӡ
ЩҩȻ, ȴȻܹΪݳһ
˵ĸ, ɫͮͮġ
Ԫ龲Ŀ΢΢̡
񣬾Ͱʱʱ̳̿š
δƺõĶ
Щõ飬ζĺƣ˶ȹһҹ
ڶԪҪϷȥˡ
ԭ׼, ҪæµˡԪﷴġ
ҲȥȺʱ
жЩǮġ
Щ, Ԫ˶ĳŵ
ȴûΪͥʲô
СԪ֤߱, Ժǹæˣ߱ȫ硣硣
ԪСѾӣŶû˵ĺͰְ˵Ԫ
ԪЦӱû˵ʲôأ˵չ˺Ԫ
ԪŸ˵ЦҲҪչ˺Լ
ĵͷ
ÿηֱ֮󣬲һʱġܹЧƺЩֱʱĸ
ˣص칫ңͿʼչæµĹˡ
ΪֹѾȷˣҲû׼ǱߵĹ
ҲõģϾɽģʽǰչķΧȻˣȴҲܹ֮ǰһĨˡ
ұСɽѾչˣʣµҲˡ
ڳҪǲġ
˹Ҳˡ
һũ壬һԳ
չ֮ǰȾͺԼС鿪˻ᡣ
Ҫֳߡ
һС˵ݾǴҵԱԼµĻ̶ȡ
ڶǿʼͰѵѧϰṩԴԼ۵ȹšҲ֯һЩ
Ϊ˿չҽһЩͬ־רŸЩ
Ȼǰ˽ڱнвҩгǵͬ־Լ⣬Ҳ
ȫˣҲǱΪвҩеʱ̡ΪܹϺǱߵȫҩֲҪȫꡣΪߵĹĺãǱߵֲûк֮ǡҪȻѹҩ˭
ĹͰţ˶Щôһ졣һʱ־Լش
֮˾Ϳʼжˡ
ĵһţҪṩȫдҵ˿Լѧ㡣
ЩҲͳƣֵ´ȥÿÿͳˣȻ
ͳƣڱݳˮ
ũͬ־أôпڷԲһоѹ޴ڵġǰλЧõʱ򣬻á
ŷ֣ҲȵˣλЧ治ãʷӾûǰùˡ
Ƕκα䶯ǹĵġ
ֵ´ͬ־ӵſʼͳƴҵ˿ڵʱ򣬺Щ˾ΧŴˡҪʲôҪŹ
Ҫ͵ũȥ
ɲûġǰÿλ˾͵ũˡ
ֵ´ͬ־͵û¡гҵ⡣ͳء
г
ǰгʱ򣬴ҿ̸һˡ
Ͼ̨һλŮг
˼źܶˣŮԵгҲôҾþȡ
гЩʲôðǲҪǳй
֮ǰ˵Ҫʲôҩļӹģʲôʱ򶯹
ҶΪεΪй¶׼
ֵ´ͬ־͵õϢˣɲйء˵Ҫϡ
ˣûʱ򶼱²⣬쵼뷨ܲµ
ⲻǲ²µ⣬ûطϰˣĺôҺڡ
ֶܲũȥɡ
⻰ֵ´Ҳͦ˵ġ
ûõϢҲ̫ࡣ쵼϶аŵġ
⻰ϰ϶û˵ﶼЩŵġ
ҪʲôõİţЩаˣܵȵ죿
ҲΪĽͨϢĲͨҲûԼӱȱĵطϰչĿ࣬ôҲġǵЧ治ˣԺӰ඼һܽӰࡣ
Щܿˡ
ݽСһ⻹ǲˡҵͦġ
лһΪλЧ治ãǰˡ
ЦŵǵͦడǴҵĹҪæˡôˣԸԭźܶҲġ㹤ҪæµˡⰡҽ黹Ҫũҵʱһвҩ֡רŸЩҪŰ˹繤ֵ֣̾̾ͬ־һġ
ũҵ⸱гģλͬ־ḻܸ
Ҳ뵽м飬ڿ쵼ôŽᣬҲˡҲɾ
İţæľʹӦˡ
Цũҵϵͳͬ־Ҫæˡ
⸱гЦŵæãæáæء
ãЩʱôˡ
¶ˣСĸͬ־ҲʼŸԵĹ﷢һ̹档
̹бΪвҩۣʽʼԱݵϰս̡Ǹ˻Ǽ壬ԵвҩֽеǼǱֻҪбݻڣȳΪвҩ̡ҲҪѹԼȥҩ̸˵ӣȻû
Ϊ˹һ룬лһḷֹܹ̌õÿ̸һ⣬ӦĽֻҪеݵ̸֤û̸ɣһⶼԲ·Ѻʳ޷á
ľ199041֮ǰڱвҩֽеǼǡΪÿһλľѵôѧϰвҩ֪ʶ֪ʶҸ˳ۡ
ϢݳԼسǵĳ˺ܴ˻
֮ǰҶõС̷Ǻܹٵ¶ڹȥء
ȻС̷һɲ
ֵ֧ģǿ϶ǲ˰
Ϊ˱ҩġ
ؼС̷ҪҪɱ
ЩӻӴ￪ʼˡ
ҪǮҲҪ顣Ҫרѵ
һ⻹ܱ·Ѻʳ޷á
ֱΪԼЩĶ죬Ҫʲôûʲô׼һ·
һʱ䣬֮䱼档
лҪ˵ôôաڰʧҵپҵṩѵѵѧϰʱ;رá


471 471
ҲǺܴġÿֵ´, ߽Щ˵ļҩ۵ĺô
ʱһ´ĸ½ţ߾Χ˸Ȥǡ
Щ˰Ÿ½, ̡
Щ˵СＤ, ȴҲЩ 
ЩӻӴ, žҪˡ
еﻧ, ֵ´ԱҲ
˼, ﻧص
˴඼ûйˣûйûס, ֻܰﻧƷ
һֱǱһ, ֪ࡣ
ҲϣԼܹ, ץסλᣬϺӡ
İԱЩ֮󣬾͸˼빤ôһ룬ҪѵõĻᡣ
Աһŵ˿ʼ۷׷ס
һ۾ĬĬȥ
ѧģѾʮˣеıһˡ
, ﻧסʮˡ
سǿʼ, ס
Ϊϴ, е, ´ʮꡣΪĵط̫, ȱѧϰϺѧϰʱ䣬θ߿ûܿϴѧΪ߲Ż˳
Ҳеˡ
ĸѾ, ŶܵѸԳɼңΪ游ĸְλĹ
ҲΪûദҲΪˣǿԼҲǰݸӣǲźܶิӵĶ
絣ĻøסѹԼϱõĴɩҲΪũ˵ݱӡ
ĸҲֻȰһ湤ĵϱˡ
ԼڼȢһסﻧ
һסʮꡣ
̯ûաһֱ˴㹤΢룬ӹĽͰ͵ġЩ꣬Ϊƶȥĸˡ
ΪһֱͿĹȥˣǽ¶
ӻصҵ·ϣ˾ˡ
ҪΪһݵҩˡ
صѵõĺԼӵСҪȥҩ
¯󷹣⻰һ㶣ɶأʲôҩ
ѧľ͸˵İѽϢ˵ˡ
ûĻЩ֪¶
ҪҩȥҪϴ
һ߶Σհడ
ҵģǾôɡҲͦۺӶˣٰꡣȺӳ˾ͺˡ
㲻ⲻǿӵ¶۵ÿԼһѵõĻᡣ
ѧļ֪ڵг˭ҿϰͬѧ˵ˣ˿ˡĵطûв¸ġҲģԡҪˣԺۼӲͺùˣʱҲ¥סš
ŵĿҵģడ
ٿ۵ʱӣ͹ˡ
ҪûϵĻš
Լ׵裬׵öָӵԼʱͿʵˡ
û£͵ñ˿
¶ͶˣѺչ˺þͳɡϾȥȻμѵ
ĵɺǰһˡˡ
ǰҹϵˡЩģЦء
ҪȻȥ
ѧİڰ֣˾ˡ˵ɫܱȿԼ˵ɫǿ˲ġ
ѧ֮⣬ﻧҲһЩԸȥ
ҪǻҪɱ˾׬ˣҲʲô˵ʶ
Щ˾ʹԼһӳȥҲиӦ
Ȼǰϴˣΰ˺ܶࡣЩ¶ǲȫûеġһŴͽˣиӦ
ΪЩȣ̶̼ʱ䣬вҩ߾Ϊˡ
ÿ춼ѯ⡣
Ѿýֵ´Щ⣬ҲȻסЩ˵顣
ǵʦ⣬ǰٸѵʱˡ
ʣµıĶ˵ڶ
㱨֮󣬡Ҳ¶ظЦݡ
ûʧ
ԸΪԼƴһѵġ
ѵصͰѧУ档ϽѵͲѧУѧϿγͻˡ
̲һҪʵáҪһЩġ̵ʱ䣬Ľµ֪ʶ
˼ϵĽҲҪӡǱвҩɲܳŪٵΪ˭ҪǴűвҩȥ֣Ҫ׷εġ
ϸĵİţЩʵû뵽ģ˶˼Ȼ䡣
꣬ꡣ֮ԽԽõġʱǻͷᷢЩ඼ֵõġ
Цͺɽһ
ˣҲ֪ɽǸʲô
骵֮ǰͺǱߴˣء꿪󲿷ֵϰѡԼֲвҩһЩҵ׵ϰǳаϰյֲ˵ǮҪ༸顣ЩϰտɲͿﶼһ˵ġ
˵ǲʶ֣ûĻ˼һԵġ
ǻɽϰ֪ءɽˡ
ЦǸһģˡɽǰʾ߹Ӧûʲô⡣ЩͷĹҪץˡϺȡ

Ķ֮£ѵܿͿˡ
õϢʱȥ˿
ûʲôˣֻһ𣬸Щѵߡ
Щѵ䲻һŮ
һŮͬ־ҲŮͬ־ռλãǹȥ
Ц߹ȥлͬ־
лʲôŮͬ־Щ˵ģһı˭ס
ЦЦ
Ůͬ־ǸʮĴ㡣ԸˬʣҲֱȽԵġ
񣬾˵ʱҲȥҩģҳȥ𣿡
ôңЦʵ
㲻֪ô˵Ƥ˸ɲ
ֿ񣬡ӣҲȱǮİôˣ
ôܲȱأء
⻰ʵûԼԣһëǮ޲÷á
濴ȷʵԽԽˡҪȻҲԶŰ
ʵǸʲô
ҡҡͷҰ˱λ֮󰡣ڼ߶߶ģܲ˴ܾԼһܹصƵλۿûָˣҿɲܷΪԼҲΪ롣
˵̾ȥ̯ģûǮҾˡŸߣܲˡ
ΣʮοҲʧġ
ǵȻˡЩܲġ
ĵĿģϿ
Ҳվ׼˼ϿΡ
ҪߣͺҪϿˣȥﰡ
ͬ־˼Ҳѵġ
㲻ѵʲô
ĥô˵أѵʦˡ
ѵʦũҵֵͬ־ʶ
֮ϲ߹гӭӲ칤
һͰҶסˡ
öǱ߿뿴г
лҪ˵ôôա


472 472
ոպ񽲻ǸŮͬ־Ҳ, ﰥѽһںгء
гԭһ㶼ٵġ
û뵽ôһʡ
ʱҲܲˡڸֳҲϰˣⳡ浹ҲûʲôӰ졣
ЦӭЩ˵ߡȻλũҵָɲ, һ쿪ΣҹҵѵЩͬ־Ƕô, ҲˡǰϿΣ¶
쵼˵Ȼý, ɲ, г, ҽɡ
룬Ȼͷ, Ͻ̨
, ˶һڴĿг
г
ôһλг
ڵĸɲ, ɱݵϰҲûʲôгġ
Ҳҡ
΢Цλͬ־ǣǺáǱг񡣡
ҩȫ¸һҪĿũͬ־֣ǳͬ־͸ۡ¸ƻĸλͬ־¸·ϵĻʯҲƶǰĶǱҪ˲š
ǵĹֹǿԼ¸Ҳǰ, شϣҶԺúѧ, ѧҩá
δݷչ, ÿһλͬ־, ǱݵĹ
гⷬ, ѧԱＤ֡
гĻЩ˲һ޳ɣһ, ¸ˡǰ¸˲š
ǶʵһЩ顣
ҲǶҪȰ
ݹֹԸǴƸܸǴš
¶ɲֻԼ¸أܴ¸
г˵ġ
гð
Ļ̶ȲߵһȺˣ֪λҪ¸Щƶյг
һ֣ƺֶʡ
˵һ֮ҲЦźʹҵΪ˴ѵչҾͲѧϰˡʲôѣҪᣬʡĸɲ϶Ϊġ
ũҵְŵʦȹơ
ҲҵĹ
ЦŵͷȻ骳ȥ߳ȥ֮ǰ͸ոλ˸к
Ǵ㼤ͨ죬첻֪ôӦ
ˣźڸոշӦ̫ˡ
ѧԱҲȻڼС
Ϊһλгˡ
쵼ˣЩϰվܹ
ũҵֵʦҲûʹ˼빤ǽɽĿ
гǺӾ÷չģҲ⡣ҪȻҲһݾȥɽפһ롣ҲȡЧԴһҪġгĲߣģ
ѧԱǷ׷׵ͷʾϿɡ
гڿϵ¶棬ҲЩμѵεĿӡ
ϰǶĲ࣬Ҳ֪һӵĹȻȡóɼġ
ŵߣ϶ԽԽá
ѵ֮󣬺ܶ˾֪ѵ¶¶ˡ
ЩЩźûܼгʲô
˴ش˵ĺܾ񣬴źءΪ˺׺ɡЩˡ
Щûܼ˸źˡ
˵гǸбµˡġ
˵ǰȥġ
һ˵λر㾭á֮ǰ˺Щطľá
ϣܴ¸ܹϺӡ
ǲ֪ԼһżȻ¶ЧԴѵ࿪ʼ֮ԼҲѧϰһЩвҩ֪ʶһıԼϰߣʼĺˡ
ЧɲҲʼѧϰȱݱ衣
ֹԼȣƳǵ쵼һЩȥҲʡһЩ쵼һܺȲȣ˵
߹չĻ˳ȴѡ
ǵһȫĹע㹤ǰɽģʽúõִеģʼ㲻ͳֺܶˡ
°ɽóɹȻ˲ֲҩġ
ûʲôĻˮƽϽȥѵҲúѧôҵŬ׷ˡ
ʶ˱ݵĻڵ⡣
ѹôũ⡣
Щȷʵõı䣬ҪȻһһ˼붼Ժݸܷչ
Ǹпֻ֮࣬ϸİɽģʽѧȥϸɲݡ
Ϊ¶ġ
Լ¶˵ˡ
ũĻ̫ˡֻܰ߸ˡ
ǻᣬпĿռ䡣ֻҪеУ졣Ҳʼͬ־ѧУˣѧѧ϶ҪŽ¾ͿʼġʱҲЩɲѡ˲ѧϰֻҪԸѧһж⡣
ǲ⡣Ƕûʲô־ġ
ǻɣЩ־ܻǶһٷҪ
붼ñ
ԭݵĻӵġ
ǣģ־Ҳǿġ㾭ḻΪû˱˽ϰˡ
ֻҪܸǳԺôãǾԸΪ֮Ŭ
ΪߵĹҲʼץ
ȡһܹһѧʡ
¶ҲûԼȥץǽг
гĽһ湤ҲͷĹ
ʲôˣ಻˵û취ô࣬Чá
Ϊרźг̸
ϴɽһأأݳķΧءܸ֧־ʽġ겦һزѡ
гɫҲء
ɽĽҲȥģɼˣǵѿɲ١
ҪЩʦһܴ⡣
˵Ҫܳסˡ
Ǻܴѡ
ô֣һⷽ쵼ȻҲܺѺˡ
ǵͷⷽһȥġ˵ЦЦҿɴЧг㵱ɽפǱߣԶšҾͲǲúøɡ
ҲЦˣԴ˵Ĺеˡ
ֻһʱġʵٵʱȥɽɹ
гͷ˿ڣЦڻҲõˡ
ڴҵĻ֮£ȫеĸĸ﹤ɵĽС
̿ƱȵɽʱҪ
ϸӶΪ¶ææµµġ
90꿪궼Եæµ
Ϊʱϵüɽдʱ׼θӶֻһڴʱֲҩġ
ũͬ־ʳ֮⣬ҲǵûüܶѵĹʱֲֻһЩ
һĿֻΪ˺ũͬ־ֲ֤ҩǿ׬Ǯģұֲʳࡣ
ֶӰҲ
ʱǵһ׶ˣɵĴӻȲ衣
ڿǸ˵ӣ͵ϲǰˡ
ǫ飬ҲǶҵϣⲻǻ֮ǰĳɹ𣿡
Ҳ»ͬ־ǣҲǺܴĹװ
ΪϢı¸ɲɽ׬ǮˣܶϰȻš
ǾֱȥһЩݽ
óԼΪһصصı˵¶ǶԺڹ˺ܴá
Ҳĵط
ܹزҲǰϰʵʵڷϵġ
¶ﻹЩ˼ͬʱЩĽ
ЦŰ֣ӦõģӦõġȻʵˣ߹ô
滹ڼ˼빤·ݿѧеʱ䡣ѵ棬һ׶ѵҲˣҪȥһˡ춼вҩ֡ءǳȥ¡
ͳȥˣǸȤˣ
ȥһЩʱֱ仯ģһ282ˡֱȥȫءڵص㣬Լѡģû档
ٶһȥҲǺ׳۰Ҳȥ
ЦУȥҾͲȥˣϴαϳˡȥϳǰ¡

ݵĸغͳҩĿҲڿʼʰң鿴ȫͼ
ƱѾͨˣھͲˡ
Ͽεʦ˵ˣȥ֮ǰһҪó·ɲһؾ·ˡ
Щ˻Ⱳӵһ뿪ݵķΧ
ﻧѧҲų·߹滮
ΪγУԼ겻ϵ֪дţԷһݵصĵͼԼг·ߡ
ҲͨΣıһЩĹ
ǰԼңûЩϵûѡĸҡ
Ȳüϵ֮󣬻˰νûԼϹġ
ЩѶǱԴԼȻͿԼ͸Զˣǿˡ
лҪ˵ôôգԲǡ̫æˡææŰҡÿ飬о۵ûţһſ˯ˡûü١
ôôգһݡ
195862
19758-197712£ʡռӲ֪࣬ȺγУδǡСͳСѧСչҵʹռȫ¸
19783-19806 ѧϰȺΰ೤糤ѧϯ
19806 -198311ǰԲʵϰκʡƳػڹ縱糤ũҵι糤ǡˮֳ򡣽ƳˮƷֳ˾һйģ֯Ƴɹʹƶ¸
198312¡198612£³عҵɽֳˮƳζȼҽƲԵ㡣
198612-19886µλǡչȫɲƳǵһѧΧ
19886-19901µαггũҵɽ¸Ŀ 89ȡóɹ
19902-αгʼֱвҩֲ۴֮·


473 473
ڶ, ౳Ű˾ͳͬһˡ
ЩĶ磬ΪദôҲϤˣڸ˵졣
Աһʱĳȵͣš
Ͼٶͦ, ȥʡǵĳһҲȥⰲ˳ȥʡǡҲǸǹĹľ֪֧ǵġ
ȥ, ôȥǾԼѡԼˡ
Ϊû룬Ҷ졣
׼ȥﰡ
û׼Զ, ⸽أ
׼档Ҳû׼, ܼˡ
⻰ɾǫ, ˭֪ѧĺð
ûûУ˲ѧĺ, ׼ȥʲô׶ͺִпġ
Ҹ˵, ȴҲΪŵζ, ˵ż֡Ȼô˵˶׼ֻԼˡ
ʱ򣬿ľһֵģĳ
ЩҪȥΪ˱ݽŬıˣ̵ĸܵ˵ࡣ
ǿŹҵλṩĹ˸λӣԼıָ·
֪Լ׬Ǯ, ҲܴһҪˡ
˿, һ, ׼, ǾͶڰ֡ʾܡ
˾СĹ, Сǣôˡ
Ϳ, ǹĺܺá
ӦõӦõġΪ˱ġ
΢΢ЦˣҶ룬ҪϺˡ
ܿ켯ϵʱ͵ˣ˸ϽҶųɳӡ
˾Ϳǣû˼ֻԼˡγȥȫһúõĳȥúõĻ鷸ƣΥ͡¶ʹ绰ףһ·˳硣
һһοʼǳ
ӷ֮ǻڸпţϣγȥ˳˳
Ŀͳߺ󣬾ת׼ίȥϰࡣתͿҲվں档
Ӵͬ־ҲˡЦŵ˵𣿻ǲģ
ЦĵǷģǡԺɶǱݷչĹء
ֵǵġ
ҡͷٸ棬ֻҪдϢģһ˾ûæ
̾ǲ֪ЩгϢ
ɾͲܲĵˡҲɷӡҵðҪáϺȾС
Ǻ׼ô
׼Ͷ档ϴθƬŶӹɽҩвҩӹƬȰȥǳȥ̸Ҳ̸
һΪעعЧӦˡ
δڵĹг˽⡣Ժͺڹ滨Ǯ
Ĳܹ˵ϻģǮ͸Ӧˡ
ƬȻʼдġ
ǰѱݵʸúõķһ¡
ʷϺвҩйصʷóһʮȫλĽͲ±вҩ
ڲƷʣݲҩͲˡ
ټһгͲһݡ
ǰ񲻹ǮʱͦỨǮˣģǮӦˡ
ܲгĶҪһ
񻹰οͶ˲Żлرûа׳Ե͡ҽ궼һ࣬ʲôǰ칫¥豸ģһٵȵȣ׬ǮˣǾ͸°칫¥õΡһҪŵλǸ
ǻǮ¶гЦ˵ǡ
Ϊҩ۵¶ĵʱЩֱǰصҲΪҩĵ¶ѿġ
˼ŵһڶ
ǾʡǰȫصĻ𳵡
ѧȥĳϷĳʡʡǡ
֮ѡΪطһҽѧԺ
Ϊ棬ҽӦǲģгҲеġ
һѡľҽѧԺԱߵҽԺȻѽܵļҴҩꡣ
һ·˺ܶ˼빤³һɲǣһĸо
±ܾʧܡ
Լû
ٿһ˶ûˣǴġ
վһߵߣֱŵĴӣʵͬ־Ҫæ
ѧһ֪ʲôˡ
ʡǻվʱͿˣ˵ǰ˿˳·ġ
׬ҲǮ
ѧĿˣ뵽֮ǰԼγǵ˴ٹ׬ǮֳûǮ豸
ЦݽӲҡҡͷܾˡȻߡ
ͿӱĻʲôµģ
˸˵ùݣҲһλ˯ٺˣ͸ϽֱĿĵء
ʵ̸֤⣬ԼҪѡ
˶˵̸ˡ
ҽԺŵһģŶý
ɵѧҲر˵ˣ˰죬ֻܼš
һҽԺſڱ߿Уߵ°ࡣ
ܽȥ˵š
Ա̯ӵϰ忴Ͷ·ϳԴʵȣ
šѧĵͷ
ôµģ
вҩ
ӴǼһ
ѧĵͳһֵģǰ
ﻹأɲ
ǣҲǡѧЩ
ϰЦŵɵ˰ɣ˵ǡ㲻ǸвҩǾǸɲ첻
˵ָָԼ̯ԱߵƣٿƣձǴ졣
ѧģ
ѧĵĳϣ죬Ҳðɲֻһ
ҽԺſڵ죬Ҳ⿴ŴүıǵõλŴүָ㣬ڴſڵȵҽԺвҩΡ
ȵûã˼ѹ̸
һвҩƷǸλ°༸죬Żһν̸Ļᡣ
ҿͦʵģҼ죬ô仰ҲһᣬǵҩıȽһ£ҪҩƷʲãɱٲˡ
ѧлллл
ѧһ̸Ÿѡί
뿪˲֪洳Ƕô¶ȫͲԼļ򵥡
סжʮѣĿסƭӻС͵ܰȫǮƸ⡣
Ǳвҩ߾ͽӵ绰ˡ
ǴشģҪô͵ˣҪôˣҪôƭˡ
·ˣȥҵؾҪͻرݵġ
̶̼ʱ䣬
вҩֵЩɲﶼЩˣĿǲҪˡ
ô㣬ҩĻôȥ
ҲϢ
ʱûʲôӦֻҪ˺úõģǮⷽ浹С¡
ðŻľͰŻߵĹźǱ߽Ӻáǵ޿
ø˼븨һҧʮ¾ѵõĻᣬܽᾭսҲǺܺõġ
Ҳþͬ־һЩⲻǻкܶû˵ˣ¾˰ˣҲǳɹġ
ͷ
гֵô֣ôˣȻҲĸɲǶ˵ġȻЧ⣬ȻӦԡ
Щ˳ȥĵʮʱڿʼõϢˡ
˼Ĵ绰ϲ͵صҽԺҩ̸˶
һǳڶЭҪвҩ־챸
Щ󣬵ȴĿĺͻ
رÿ춼кϢͰ֮ǰЩɥոûˡ
Щ˻ܰѲҩȥбˡȺڵȻǿġ
вҩֵϾֳԼԴЦ
лҪ˵ôôաллҵ֧֡


474 474
һԱĳɹ, ˱вҩֵĹԱĹģҲõڶڽܽѧԺ˶־
вҩֵϾֳ˳㱨ЩϢ
Ҳˡ
֮ǰһ£ɿɹҲʵϲ
ҲҪƬ, ǶһЩලҪáԱǰ壬ںʹϺȡǧܻǱвҩ
г, ģǿ϶ϸѹأ
Ͼֳһı֤, ¶˭Ҫӡ
вҩֱϾǱ³, ҲΪԭ, лҪвҩ¶ûãòҩȡ, Ǿͬ־ǶӦġ
Цʵ, г, Ƭʲôʱİ
Ҫġ
Уһȥô׼ãҪʲôǾͰʲô׼ĵĺúõġ
ͷ
ĻϴڻƬĶ顣
·ģҲϵˡ
ΪڻƬ˺ܺõЧȫطҲкܶҲŶġһӾҵڻˡ
˵Ƭ, ͸ˡŶܹˡ
Ҳ, г, ȻԽǡ
ӵĸݼ, Цһ, гҲ֪ˡ뵽ǣҿˡ
Ц, ϴĵƬӺãεȻǵǡģҷġ
ݾ͵ο϶г⡣ҲûţҲǵƬˡ
ͷڵϿˣĴúɽԭԭչֳˡͷͨ㣬ַʽĴúɽǿǰ˺ѽ
Ǹص쵼ǡǱ֤Ҳѱݸչֳ
ЦãҾǰлˡ
ٽ磬ͺһ˶ٷȻԼҪ˽
һҪҩģݾпгߵҪ¡
ϴʲôֳƳģָҩֲ
׮׮ʵҵ
˵ҪЩҩĵģʾһŬġĺãЩ˾Ͳ뿪ˡ
ͰǽвҩֵϾֳǸڼϹ
Щҩĸҩļӹ
ȻݶֲҩģضǸտʼģûأص㻹ɽء
һ˾ֱɽ
ɽɺǰһˡ
ǰɽس٣٣
һˡֵ˺ܶ࣬¿˺̵ܶꡣ
ݺسְͦ
ڣǰɲϾֳǰʲôûҲǽŽġҿڴﶼǮûˡ
ѵĿϰռҼһҩģÿĶ׬ٿ¶˵˵һ˵Ŷһüͷֱ
оȵݵĻҪŰ
гһˡ
ɽ֪ŶҪƬϵ¶ֻˣΪдǡ
سɽҩ
ɽֲҩĵĵڶ꣬ҲϰԼʼֲĵһꡣҩĻڵûɡԴﲢûдǺʹγԱȵľһƬƬʰļΪҩˡ
ҩĶļáɼǾʰ˵ġ
ٿϰϵ飬Ҳǵһʱ򿴵ľģû׷ӽȻͬ
Ǵ󲿷˶ǴЦݵģҩʱϵȻȻŶδջڴ
زİݲп
ƶĹȥϣڣĵδͬʱչһͷ档ܶ˵Ӿ˼гƬܺġ
ʱʮġ
ʵǱʱڸոպá
㣬ҶԣˣĵĻûЧˡ
˹ȥĶԱȣƵô˵Ҳ󲻳һԣĵطȥж
ȻҲף˶ҩǶôӡ
ֻӣģпõҩİ
ɽƬʱȥ￴ˡ
ɽ֮ǰһҲֹͨЩס
Ȼû֮ǰԿţгҲһԽӵˡ
֮ǰɽĿгҲԶԽӹģ֪ô
ָ£ĽҲչĺܲ
ֻãﲦҲ벻̫֧֣Ҳá
׼ҲǺЩõбȣСѧȣͺ̫ˡ
ֻгδҪѧѧǡĿûСȻ϶ҪѧУģٻҪһܿѧ
Ѿϰ
ǰڻڵʱ򣬴ӵѧУģҲũϷҡ
ֻʱģԺ󻷾õġĶԱȣҲ׺֮ףϧҲŬҽЩ¼һ¡Ժ󵱼¼Ƭδѧǿ
гЦгܰѲõ˵ĳϣ
ҲЦˣǵ쵼ģҪϣ
гֺǺǵЦˣ˵öԡδһƬð
תһ˵ɽ
˼ǣȽɽũԼֲҩջɹ֮ɽСѧͿʼ𽥼ֹˣֱȫȡ
һũԣˣҲҪȥ׬ǮˡҲ׼׬ǮģԵûаźܶĿ˶ˣѧҪĿĻѧϰȲѣȻҪ졣
˭ҪǻúѧҩչͿһǮҲһ˵ȥˡˣֱҴɲȻֶ㲻ϹʣΪ˴ĳɹֵõġҪҪˣҡ
ֱֵ̯
ͲһȫˣҲûٺˡЩֶΣѹ
гЩ죬һֱΪֱģǲء
⵹ǲӰľ塣
ǳʱзǳ¶ʱг磬ܸװ¡
ҩۺͽ¶һֱæµ˴ꡣԪٶûߴȥμӪˡ
Ԫ˵ʱĶˡ
Ԫ¾ѾˣǸСˣҪСѧĴˡ
Ԫ˵ѾʼУˡ
׼·ݾȥѧǰѧϰ¾Ϳһ꼶ˡ
ԪһѧϰǼҲǱȽϸԣļͥ׼ȥġ
ԪΪԵʣԿ϶ҪڹڵġϷǱߵĽãүӵ˼ǣԪȥ׶Сѧ
Ԫͺһ¶
ԪﵱȻ᲻õģʦ̡ȥѧУͬѧƺʺСӡ
ԪҲϲύѵӡԪìܡ
ȥ׶ˣͺֿˣʵڲġԪ̾
ǱߵĽȷʵҲȽϳ졣
Ԫʲô뷨
ʹˣ˵ȥѧУȴԸĸѧУ
ǾͻѧУȥͷӪˣ
Ԫܵģһȥ׶أү˵˺ܶ໰ջȥ
˵Щ޷ǾүԼҲ׶ˣѺҲƭ׶ȥ
һЦˣԪҲԼ뷨᳤ܻܻ᲻ãҲ뷨Ժ󳤴ɼңͷӻ
Ԫ飺
ԪˣԪҪȥ׶ˣͶʱѽ
áԪһ¡Լĵļ
лҪ˵ôôա


475 475
Ҷϵ绰֮, ҲΪԪĽˡ
ҲûԪɶ١Ҳǻĺӵѧϰġ
ֻǺӰֱģľֻסˡ
ΪԪ¶רŸԼ׶ɲĵĴѧͬѧ˵绰
Էһĵ绰, ˵Ĳˣ˺һЩЩ, ʹ׶Ľ
׶ȻãԽԽӽˡһЩѧĸСѧʦۺһЩѧУӹ, μӸֱĻҲࡣϾ׶, ⷽ϶Ǻõġ
Ҫ׶ѧ, ϶ûġҺʲôʱҵʱȥӡ
Ц˵, ûá
ǿҪ, Ͼ;·ˡҼҺӽ׼ѧˡǼһһꡣ˵ʱҲÿ찡, һգǶҪΪӽĵˡ
Ҳͦп
СԪҲһգ۾ͳˣûôģ顣
˺ü죬ϣԪԪһ
Ȼ׶ĽãǸԪߣҲ԰żͥʦҪǣаְ顣ܱȥ׶, ĸߵĺá
Ϊ, еѡˡ
ԪӪû, ҲֻܵȺӻˡ
һ, һµԱ, ǰ̸⣬ҩ۵ĶҲԽԽˡһʼ󲿷ֶСǻٳɶ, Ҳǲĳɼˡ
ҪЩֹҩгЧ棬ҲñҩгʼԾ
ЩԱɹһ֮󣬻϶ѡҵ﷢չ
һͽһ˵Ĺˡ
رƬƬʼڵ̨֮󣬶ԱݵҩĿ˼ƶá
صϰͨϵƬ֪˱ôһط
Ҳ֪˱ȫֲҩĵ¼
߸ߵĴɽƾɵéݣڵϰգҩ
޲ڹӡ
رƬΪҩ۵ܸˣ˻̸ʾݳҩģһᱣʱܾðαӣܾƷһϸѹأϸලԲֱ֧ݵҩĲɹʧ
гԴɸݵҩĴһɿıǩ
Ͼֵȫ¶ҪеεġˣҪȫ񽻴ġ
֪¶ʱ򣬶˵̫³çˣô
Ͼ¶иһ
ô룬ΪܻôһһҲҪ˵Ҫ
Լ˿иžһĳ֡ǱҩĲŸտʼûгûҪǳһһǱݵҩгǻԵĴ
۵ϰһǱҩģ;ڣɿб֤˵ҩģҡͷԡ
Ҫ»ֲӣ⣬ҹûáóеΣҳе
ⷬ˵ƿԡ
ˣͬ־Ǹʵµģһ㶼Ϊǰ̿ǵˡ
ҲֻˣŻһǰƺȥʵ¡
ˡ
ǰǵ۹ǹõġ
ʵ֤ƬЧǼõġ
һ֮󣬳ܵӵԱǷ׷ױʾ֮ǰ̸ˡ
֮ǰһҩģ˭֪
ڳȥһ˼Ҿ֪ˡ˵Ǹֵģȫֲҩҩĵĵطгġ
ΪƬϵݣǳȥ̸ʱ򣬶ԷΪ̸
ͻ˼̸Ļᡣ
ݵҩȷʵҲǲģ̸ɵļʾˡ
һźЩ죬ӳɱɱɰвҩֵͬ־ֻˡ
Ͼֳ㱨Ļϲ
ЦҲ̸̸ܷĹ
ĹӰࡣ
Ͼֳ
гǺӸɲġӰ඼вõġҶӰ࣬ò
ǾͺãڿܻǼӵӣҲҪи׼
ϾֳǶҩĻûأڿ϶ҪġӴҲ͵λͬ־ô˵ġ
Цŵܻĵӡвҩֿ϶Ҫġ
ϾֳһʱּֽšʵǼʲôӣû˵Ҳûʡ
񵹲ǲ˵⻹ֻһ뷨ҪܽϢų
뷨Ҳıвҩļƻ֮һһвҩг
вҩ𵽵ֻһලáۣȲѵġڻҪ¶ϰгջϰյġ
ôҪһвҩгˡевҩͨгС
гϸලͿˡ
һֹϰշչҵҲԴٽгԾгص̻
ȻһȷʵˡôһгǿǱԼۻҪࡣ
࣬Ҳ
ôһ¡
Ȼݵľܣִ棬Ҳϸɲˣһڱݴ˶ˡཨǿԲοġ
Ҳ֪֮ǰôһƻģֻǻžЩͳҲûϸ롣
ϸһһҲˣĿ
ʱݵ˿϶ԽԽࡣ
Ǽ
˶ˣʹиҵ󡣾Ҳ
ЦŵͷǰгͻֻҪǱһˣ²ҩģһȦҲܸǱݾס
ʵг׼ô
˽ģҲûôأҲװڻøˡڳǽôľáһ㣬һ¡
ǵ˵˵
칫¥ЩҲûˣԱԽԽ࣬ԵӵˡʵҲް칫¥
һ㶣ȻЦһΪҪʡǮ¡
ҲǴ顣ϰյﻹǺܿġڵأϰҲԸǸҩгҽ칫¥Ҳһ齨߾벻ԶԺҲ㡣ҩгǱݵľ֧ȫиɲӡ
ǶʱȻҲԷչҩгľˡ
Ҫ֮ǰǿ϶ҪźһҩгĹȨ˼ˡ
һȫֻʵµĴǾû뷨ˡ
ԵԼ⡣
Ҳ濴˱ݵδ
ΪһˣҲڴġȻҲˡ
ͬ־뷨Ҿͦáٿᣬһ¡Ȼ滮Ƥٲ衣
ô֧֣Ҳ˿οŬûа׷ѡ
УǴҾ档
ȻҩгҪҪͶʹãǰڵĽ蹤ҲҪǰ׼ġͿʼҲ硣
Ϊȷҩгµİ칫¥¶Ϳ˼飬Ȼȥѡأ滮
æЩڹҪˡ
ԪСԪһ˱ݣҪѧˡ
ԪĶ̷£һ˫Ĵ۾񣬡裬ѧ
۾һɣȻԪ顣
ԪεЦ̯̯֣Լľ
죬֪ôӦˡ
ѹû뵽ô
˵ʵڵģȻüѧϰҲǿѧõġû취ô룬ԪкõѧϰȻҲѡõġ
ͼ˵ӡ
Ԫҡͷ裬һԼ·Էչˡѧϰ࣬ҲҪšϿԿͺˡ
⻰ʱ۾ɬĲˡ
һ𣿡
Ԫҡͷ裬һϰ࣬ࡣְôˣҪˡҺܹƽġ
񣺡
ǺӺӵ뷨ġ
ں˼빤õĽôҪ
ĵطĺҪõĵطĺӶึһŬܿϴѧ
ȻǾԵģǸҲǺܴġ
ʱγĲࡣ
ԪѧҪ渶ʱ;ѧϰ
ְҲϣܹ㡣
ԪСȭͷ裬ҺܴӪҶСء
һ࣬ҾһҿԿĲãߣòã
ССĺ߼˼άѾˣѧὲˡ
Ȼ˵Ļˡ
ٿԪ飬Ԫ鵹ֺǺǵЦţȻҲ֧ġ
ҲȰŵ㡣
㲻˵Ҫغӵ뷨𣿡Ԫ˾͸ҽ̲ΡȻ㣬ҲҪףԼѡԼеΡ
һҲиˡ
Ͼÿ꿪ѧʵҲûôæ
źӿɰС޹СƽҲб
ԣȻϣԼĺһ
ҲûôʱĺӵǿʱԼԼ뷨ͺӷ
лҪ˵ôôգ


476 476
һű, ԪһźӣڱеһСѧһ꼶
Ԫµ䣬ѧǰʡԪϷǱѾѧѧǰγ, Щ֪ʶ漰СѧˣҲʱ, ֱӸһ꼶
ҲûСѧ䣬ЩͥΪû˴, ѧҲڡԪһں, ҲûԵúͻ
ѧУʦû뵽гĺҲѧˡɫĺ֡
ҲЦź֡
ֻһҳ, ӵĽҪʦˡ
г, һúõչԪͬѧ
, ǲҪ, ѧһģֻѧУѧĺôô
ʦһ㶣Ȼ֤һƽȶԴ
Цŵͷ
ǿԲԪ˾Ͳ֪ԪĺˡίԪ
ֲǼˣΪ˲֪ԪԼŮͶزص, ԺͺӶ, ô
ʦԪ̬Ȼ᲻Ӱ, ҲġϾҪĻԪԼӡÿԪ, Ըòá
ԪԴ, ҪúʦĻɲܵƤ
ԪġԪ˵, ̫Ҹˡְ趼ѧ
һ£ȻЦԺ辡ʱòã
áԪͷȻŤûʱ䣬ҲԵġ
ʦڱţĶˡ
гҽҲ̫ˡ̳ʲôñ
˵껰ԪͱСȥˡ
̲סҳһſڴ濴ˡ׻¸鷳סˡ
ѧͻȻ̤ʵˡ
Աݵĸֲһˡ
ǰǰﵱԼһҵںֶ˵㶫֮ΪС
ӣļҲǰ˱ˡ
ԪҲ֮ǰҴҵҪϷˣź˺֮ʱȥҪвҩгĵƤһδĽ衣
վڵƤϵڿܻߣԺǱĵش֮һ
ԪЦˡ
Цʲô㲻š
ţȻţǿţܽ
ЦⲻţǱҪɵһɹѡ
ķչǵİ칫гûЧİ취ɹ㹤ߣ
ü
ԪЦ
Ҷⱦˡʵ꣬ò׽˼Ѿϰֽʻ칫ˡ
ûĺôء𣿡
ȻԪõһܴȨ벻Ҫ
ȻҪٹҲҪ˭ʵֵӻδߵǰ档칫Ҳһġ
Ҳܿüڰ칫еҪáԪ
Ǻöδ϶ռǧ򻧵ġ
ԪͷԪҲ׼ззҲг飬ֵֵǻз
 ȻҲ󶮣Ϊһ칫ʿ˵Һܿ;Ԫܣзɡ
Ԫһ˵ʱ̲סЦãг˵ãǿ϶áֻԺһæˡ
¿ͷѣͺ͵ͨѶһԪ˵ЩûӴġ
ڽӴһ濴гҪһ棬ҲǿֿƼƷδ緢չӰ졣
ﰲ˼ңȰƬأȻҲҪԼƬظá
ЦŸһӵԪİɣء
֮䣬ͬһһңҷ㡣
ԪԪ˰µѧ֮󣬲뿪ݵġ
ȷŮܹϰҲٷ֮ŷߡ
뿪ʱر᲻áǰиŮߡֻʣԼεӰֻˡ
ǰ̵ܹסġ
Ԫ鲻һ˺ߣ񲻽û࣬øиɾˡ
ϰǰͺȥѧͻ칫ȥ
ȾҸгжǮ
һ⣬гľͲ
ȻǽӲıĿ
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ȻܲŲɹһ
гŲ٣
ȿȣӡҲû취ɹĺء˵ĶҪˡ
Ҫ칫⼸̨϶ǲġ
һٴס
гʱĿڶһ¡
ȻҲʼӽˣǷչڣûǮ
ҪгҪµİ칫¥ԼͷҪˡ
͸ĺô
еͳƹֽʻģ׳ļʧ
ҪĻЧʡ
δҪгܲҪܣ϶Ҫ¼ÿһ̼ҵﶼҪݵġ⿿ˣЧʾ͵ˡ׳⡣
ԴЧʡ
СЧˣǰһǾܳһЧˣǵĸɲиʱѧϰµ֪ʶԼϰҲܸܵķ񡣡
ĥ󿳲񹤣⹤ߺˣ¾ܸá
гǲʶˣⶫ֪Ҳ˵Ǹö֮ǰȥʡѧϰʱһѧͿ˵ܾ
ǮҲܸߡ
ѧʵҶ벻ⶫ
ͦгôġⶫȷʵҲ󣬹ۡһ̨ǮһͨԱĹˡ
г˵ɶѾʵˣԼ쵼׬ǮУǮС
ҪŪһţҾúã۾šã۾ˡ
ֱӵ
칫ڻûʼռ˵Сˡ
ҲǿӲһЩ˲ľ
ⶫ˭˭֪϶Ǻö
гͦõģʵ˼ͬ𣿡
ҺǱ˵ϻ
ͺǱ˵ϻˡ
Ҫǲǣģ˵ô˵ҿ϶ḶǮġȻ˻ȥûôġҸвҩ۴ƻԿܰҴæء
Ǳ߾Цãг˵ʲôʲôȫģ𣿡
㲻̫˵ûʲôɾ͸С
Ԫڵ绰ͷЦţܰԡ㲻˵ҷģ𣿡
Ÿеıסˣ˿ȣҵȻܡȻЦлл֧֡
û֯ɲʼмѵˡ
Ѯѵ߹ѵҲҪ¡
вҩҲˡͳƺͷ࣬ϼˡ
æµУǹر졣
쵽죬·Ҳһգ۵Ĺ
˶ʼްʱҲӭҩĵķռڡ
رɽֹΪũһԼֲҩģΪ֮ǰһЩʡڳҩҲʼջ
Ʒָ࣬
䵽ϵļóˡ
ѵõĸɲʼѧֽЩ¼룬ü칫
ʱ򻹾ЩӦ֮󣬷ܽ죬Ҹˡ
Ҳһŵֽϼ¼ȻͣĴˡ
Ϊ·ʱ˵Ҫʹõ飬ĸɲǲͣķĺô
ЩҲߡ
񷴶ճˡ
㲻ɡ
õĻɽũҵ⸱г㱨ũͬ־Ұ׬˺ܶࡣ
˵ʱ⸱г˵⡣
ɽȷʵ׬ضϰգ궼ܴǧˡ
ܲ
ȻҪɱ׬ĻǶడ˲֪ٱˡ
˵һһҹġ
˵ЩϰҪϼҸ·ء
Щ˻Ц˵Ҫũȥҩġ
ҲЦˣȥûôأҩԺҲ
ǰķҲøҩ۸ˡԭǻĻһЩõľ¶̫಻вҩַгˡ
˭һ򣬾ÿѡضࡣԲƷҲõģԽ࣬Խࡣ
⸱гôһгңⲻöа
лҪ˵ôôգ


477 477
صҩķ, ˱쵼Ӽġ
⻹Ǳ¸ķչ׶Σ񡣵˺õĿʼкõķչ
Ǹ˵Ĳ, żĸɲϽʼͳƽѽһճͳƺ, ȹԪϱʡȥ
ͬ־Ҳ˷ܵػ㱨˵, ǰÿµݶڼ, ʱֱӺϼƾˡ˳˵˾, á
¶ҲǺ˵ġ
ǵʱҲû飬һ淴, ҲΪ⡣
˵, ͬ־Ǻܿɿġ޵ķʸ
º, ͶŲ豭ȥ죬ϲ
ദģʽǲðһ쵼ˣŵҲûʲô
Цŵϲһɹˡˡƻüһء
ֵõġǿˡ˿ڲ裬˵ҴҲʼϰԼˡҲ⡣ɽ׬˴Ǯ, ҿͬ־Ҳء׾Ͱ¶ȥ, Լ֡
ͷ, ҩֲҲоˡھߵʹ׼״, Ͱг¶ȥôͷһǻȸŻ, һμг
ðȻá
˷ϲ¾ˬǿʲôϢú, ʲôÿС
ǵĿɱҪ⡣
ɶ磬г¶Ϳʼˡ
֮ǰѾѡ˵ַѾʼƶĿǰû깤Ŀ°ܽפˡ
֮ǰϰյ˵޵һҩг
ֻ֪Ǹвҩ޵ġΪڹҰ칫ĵط
û뵽ļˡгΪ˱ҩԱ޽ġ
Ϊ˸ṩһҩ۵ƽ̨
ڱвҩֹɼԱвҩг
⵽Լ̯λߵ̡ȻֱӴļвҩӹ
ٳȥǲܵġ
ƾ¡
ȻҪĵ¶࣬Ҳ󣬵ǺôҲܶࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰвҩ׬ǮǸвҩˣгԺǾԼϰ塣ԼȻȥ׬ǮԼˡ
֮ܶǱҳΪҩˡ
ȻҲҪصġ˸Ĺ֮⣬Ҫܵгżලг۸񣬲ö̧۽۵ȡ
Щ涨ɵгȻ˺ܴһˡ
رЩѾԼҪıԱǡ
һԱѧġ
ûʲô죬ǿ̤ʵɿ󣬻һͻ֧֡
ҲǱҩԱԱ֮һ
Ҳ⼸µۻ׬һǮ
ôһǮҲȥæµü׬ĻҪࡣҲͷ֪ҩ۵ĺôԭ׼ٿظͻأû뵽ôõϢ
Լϰ壬׬١ԼԼ
һѧҵǰķˡ
гӣΪҩˡ
ѧģкܴһԱҲѡгϾ֮ǰһѵǣ߳˵һ˳ɼ֪߳ȥĺôҲʮľߣԶ֪ѵõĻᡣ
Ǳҩгûɣ̾ͱԤȥһˡԤеҪࡣ
õϢ֮󣬻ϲĲˡ
ȥԪʱ򣬻Ԫϲá
СԪȻСǿˣҲġ
尢Ժ׬ǮȹӣԵ𣿡
ǰЦŵͷǶŬԺ϶ܹϺӵġ
ԪҪסʲôѣôѡҪֻҪԼԼܻվĻᡣЩ尢̾õӡǻǰ࣬ͨԼŬһܹϺӡ
Ԫɵĵͷ֪Ҷкúдҵ
ЦЦӵ浥ѵܾдҵˡ
ף
һǱݸصλʼʵֵӻ칫Ҳÿʼڵλռ
ӻ칫֮󣬶ĳЩλԱѵ
ǰһԼһ¶漰˸ɲģҪ֧ˡ
˭֪һڴӦˡ
ǵʵ֮ǰ۹⡣Щͬ־ǵĵģ¼ռ֮͸ˡˡһЩ󲻾ΪЧ治ã˴Խãʼǰ˸𣿡
Цôܡܶλ޷ȡġ
ǵڴǷˣֻЩͬ־İţЩ飿
ҲΪ֪ûʲô˽ģǲŻ⡣
ҲûΣԼļ㽨顣
רĿԽ˲Žл֣ȻһЩĿǰĵλз䡣
֮ѵ
ǱΪвҩԵʣҲרҵԺǿĸλǵĸɲҲҪʼһЩвҩĻ֪ʶرʼಿŵͬ־ǱѾʼ仯ˣЩ仯ֹϰգǵĸɲ
ĵͷΪǵĺܵ
ҪĲֹϰգɲҲҪŸıˡҪȻ͸ϱݵķչˡ
һչеıݰ
һ;øˡ
Ƕ꣬ҲǿҲչ·
ߵһܲװ
ʱҲףΪʲôҪҹ
ĳЩ棬óԼˡ
ݵһŶ쵼ˣݵķչҲˡ
ũϰֲҩģϰҩģɲʼѧϰҩ֪ʶ
ҪñݳΪһصصвҩС
ȻҲûЩɲ࣬Ƕͬ⣬ѽݵĸһ¡رǻĸɲǡ
һ꣬ҶˡҲϰ˷ջӦø뽱
ææµµľȥӭ˱ȫպĵһڡ
ǱݷչҪһ꣬Ԫ;ڱ߹ꡣ
ԪѾѧˣӦߵҴģҲûҪڡһﶼԲԲġ
극һڻȥ֡
û߹֪꣬߹굽Ȳ֡Ǻֵġ
´ʮģܶӶšֵĴ
Ҳһڵһιڼܳ֡ŵ̯λ͵ӣֵĲˡϻиСԡѿǣǺ«޻֮ġ
ԪһǺ«Ԫ˵ĲˣҪ̻
ԪһС̻Ԫ㣬£бޣԺ档
򡣡ԪӦš
ûţһߵ㣬һ档Сʱ϶û
Ԫ飺
Ԫ޵ʱҲϰţ˵ðô
ϰ忴ǴŴʣͬУЦŵɣ궼׬Ǯˣˡ˭Ҳ᲻ࡣرǴޣ궼ϲ򡣺ģܸƸ
˵䣬дСϰչֱҪ˴ڣ˳õ̻
ȻȻ˹ӣǴ󲿷϶ǻϲġ
Ҳ첻ѡ
ϳ극ռǱͨ绰֮󣬷˾ʹź¥·űڡ
ٸɲҲϲЦտġ
İ壬ǹĸһɲôҹ˸鶼ء
ﶼ극ʼ̻ˣЩҲһ֡
̻һţžģҫޱȡ
̻У̧ͷԪ飬ԪҲһЦ
оһУôһ̣ʱŬֵõġ
лҪ˵ôôա


478 478
, еϰҲıҪá
ũͥ϶ˣҼһôһꡣ
ȻԵĻЩеҩ۵Աˡ
һ, ÿýɿɲ١Щ˶ˮƽ
ﻧѧһҲڼƻŰҵ顣
ݵﻧʵڲá©, ©ꡣ컹óϡһ㶼ʵûзס˼ңŻﰲҡ
һѧ׬˲Ǯü궼Ҫ׬Ķࡣĥһ˰ȥˡ˵, סš
˺õ, ҲĳȥûҪļݶǲ©ˡ
Ҳ֧ľġ֮ǰѧĲμҩ, ܶ˻Ц˷ʱ, һ˲, ȥѧϹʵ֤, Ǹгģһ׬ǮˡҲԸˡ
֪ԼûʲôʶҲҳ⣬ѧ˵ʲôţֻ֤㾡ܳȥæ, ¶ҡҵ¶, ҺͺӶܰ졣
ѧЦ
, , ҾԼķӡʱҲס¥, úԼķ䣬õģдҵҲõƵġ
, һչ˺üҵġ
ϣǸŬۼҿ϶Ϻӡ
ѧ˵꣬˿ھƣпҪлĺ쵼ѽ˷Ļᡣȿ꣬ҾȥμѧϰȻȥҩļӹιۣ
Աߣĸ˿¶ŵЦݣﶼĲѡЩΪĶȷʵ̫ˡ
Ź£ѧһӾͿʼˣѧģﻧмͬͷ˼Ҳʼˡ
ǰģֻסַ꣬ھӵĶϤˣԶһٰᡣ
˵ҪңЩھӻͦ᲻áǺڵûһɡ
ѧǸľͷͷˣɼȷʵһ·
Щ˾ѧĴܸܲɡΪȥһ˼Ա֮Ŀͽˣ붼ûᡣֻұ·
ѧľ͵˵ҸɣҪɡȻûۣǲҲ˸ҩг𣿵ʱ϶ҲҪ˵ģȥѧ㶫·Ӷء
ھӵϴүʵѧģ˵ҩĺгǮͳȥ˵˼һǱСطҩģ
ѧЦ۾Ͳ˵ˣţ϶еġֻҪĲߣѧͲ׬ǮڻԺԽ󣬾ԽˡҽһϧᣬС
ⷬ˵֮ǰЩԥհǰ˺ˡ
ڻȷʵǱ֮ǰҪˡ
ѧһ˶Ѻûˡ
Щ˾ѧ˵̡̽
ѧҲԼľ顣֮ǰסﻧҶǿһġͷҲġ
ţҲϣԼ߳
õİҲϣر
꣬Ϳʼ֯Щгĸ廧ѵˡ
Ҫ廧Ȼͺ͵۲һˡرг棬ǻɣҪӵĹ涨Լ
񲻹רҵϵ飬Ƕ˼ϵӡ
֯ѵ󣬾ðһ顣
Ҫгһĸ廧ǽ
ϢЩ廧Ƕѡ
λгԴ˱ݣݾͷ˾޴ı仯ҲǴôĻᡣ
λǿгﱸ𾴡ܹۼгȻܸˡ
죬µ·ġ
һңͿ˾һȺˣ·𿴵˳̫һĪĸϣ
Ҳ뵢ѧϰʱ䣬ûʲô棬ֱӽпᡣ
ͬ־ǣݵг齨ģҶг
гδǱݵľ֧֮һǱ£ӡ
ܹôӻԾμӱг裬ҺοҲܸм
ΪгĺãҲŬֺ
ѽгĽ蹤ϸ˵һ顣
ҲΪЩ˰ġ
翪֮󣬾ͻڸӺͱֽ
⣬г֮ҲһЩҩιۡ
ͷ꣬ҲһЩг
Щţ廧ﶼ˿ͬʱҲĴǡ
ԭΪгҪ˦Լ󵨸ˣû뵽ء
ܣеˡ
ִңͬʱλͬ־ҵгҲһҪĹ涨
Ҫأ꣬ʱƽϽӾ֡Ϊ˵ģ⣬Ǿҳ⡣ԣгĹ棬һϸܵġκΥ˹涨ҪӦĳʹġȻһϣλͬ־ᷢ¶
Ƕǵһ߽ҵˣɼǶ۽磬۹ġмǲҪСʧ󡣡
κһ˳⣬ӰǱǧǧϰա
ҪΪݵˡ
һ䣬˵ĳ
Щ廧ҲɫࡣԼϵĵҲ֮ǰˡ
˵ЩЦŵˣҪĻǽггʱѾˣš֮ǰѵûԴ׼볡
ллги廧ĺ
ҲŹ
ЦվӦңлԼŬҵŽóɼꡣ
ʱ
뿪ʱÿ˶֡
Щ˼ۿ졣
˵һл
гһŬģŪ٣ƷʡһѧԱĺ֤
ѧͬ־ʶ㡣ǵһԱɼ㡣ҲܶԱ˰
ѧû뵽Լ쵼סˣʱ״Ρ
µԱƤӻû
ѵáúøɣ˵Ѿǡ
ѧļĵͷ
ˣʹҵг˿ðעǣǵǡ

Ҳûƴң֮Ͱ骸ع
ⷽ滹ǸҪĻԼҩҵԼһЩҽԺҩݲι۵⡣
˵˼·һͨģԵķ뺯Եˡ
Ҳбϵģͨʡز˾롣ǳں϶صĺͻġ
ز˾ĵ绰ԼԴġ
÷˵г¶ð죬ز˾ĿǰΪвҩ³ˣţǾͺúĹҵλһЩҽԺӪҩ֮ġڶȡϵˡ
¾ЧʣĳɼҲƯ
÷ǫءҲǿűвҩɼվȽŸġ
ǰʡҩֵʱ򣬻ż
쵼û֮ǰĿͻҲʱΡ
ҲΪݵвҩҵµķչĿµͿͻ˭Ҳûżˡ
·ֻߡ
÷ͬ־㻹ǫ顣û㣬Ҳûֱֲвҩǻɾˡ
ĵҲرģҲǸ˰һƬ̨ܷӺá
깤÷ݵ¶˵׼μһθ߿ܵ㾭顣
ʮأʲôʵ
뿼ȥ׶ءﻹе㵣ĵġܾǲǱǸȥġϴ͵͵ַۣд׶
ܹϽ˵Ҳ־ͬϵĺѡҲľԱҰҸĶȥҲ׶ĴѧˣҪȥˣæŵ㡣
˵Ǻڵɡǰݻ߶ءǺӿͦɿģҪܿţһĶˡ÷һɲ١
İɡ
ԺڵǺܷĵġ뻹ϸİְȥϸ账󡭡
¶Ҳ֪һ
ԼĺþУͬܲǿŤǡ
лҪ˵ôôաˣˡԹˡ


479 479
ͽʵ, Ҳûľ⡣ֻ˵ԼϲԴ
׼ȴĿ׶ͺͺڵᡣæǸصı˭ƷãලϽ, Ҳӡ
ȻЩΪʱ硣ݽǰ, Ҳһܿء¿˻мµʱ䡣
ҪĻǱݵĹ
ѵ֮Ϳʼ֯гĸ廧ǲι۱ивҩӹˡ
Ҳȥҩιۡѡ
һٶҲĻɲһЩѹ
Ϊ֮ǰֲ, ֯ͳһۡ, ҪǿʼԼˡζԺҾ͵þ, ʤ̭
Ҳⰲŵġ
ֻһʱģܳá
, ֻиʱ䳤, ֲҩĵũͼӹעƷ, ֻгû䡣
озչ
ҲΪһЩ˵ĲƷȥҲ涨ˣֻҪĲƷҩ̲գвҩҲͳһգȻʡز˾ۡȻչ϶ǱȲ˽˳۸ߵġͳһۡ
ҩũֲҩĺãܸ߼ҩˡֲһ, ҲǮ
ܱ֤ũ, ҲܶƱݵҩ̶ѹ, ѹҩũ
ǰ׼֮, ޽˿ҩгҲڽˡ
ҩгһ¥̯λ, ̡
ǰ̯꣬λȫģһ롣
䶥, Ǵ쵼г￼һ顣
ſгһȺ϶Цݡ
žʽٰʽˡ˺иιʽʱһгĿͻҪˡ
˵ʱ򣬺档
Ҳһϲ
ʽԽԽˡ
һһ˹иɾˡϾ֪ɹ˭ԸӸɰ
ʱ򣬸гЦɻ˲Ǯأ¥ǲ޿
ҲЦǲܣǺг˻ˣ¥ͱޡսҲðꡣ
Ц
гǺ
λ쵼ɸΪ֮ǽһߺöǮˡ
ЦˣȥһҲЩˡ½Ҳнˡ滹Ҫء¥ǵޡ
Цſǣ˵ǲǣ
ҲֺǺǵЦǵޡ
˾͵û쵼˵ޡ
г
ЦŰڰ֣¶ôˡҲõģȥǸɵĺãʡҲнǮܲһĲ
гѽ˵˵ҾͲˡһ
ҾʹȤгǮȥˡ
гʾݷչ벻Ǯ޿ɺǵġ
ֹţ޵λصλһǨ㶨֮󣬾Ϳʼ޸
񲢲һŰ쵼øɲֻر
ɲҲмˣɲҲԼΡǸɵúãҲǵĴûк֮ǡ
죬߾ˡ
ʨĶſһ·½гȥöϰҲһ֣·г쿪ʼˣҲ֪Ǹʲô
¹ɶϰն֪Ժиֵĵطȥˡ
ЩûˣҲĥŵȿ֮ȥı
Կ죬гɽ˺ġ
ΪĿߣʲõĸгùƣвҩгʽҵ
УȺӿгҲһοг
вҩгǱݵһ͵ļгˡ֮ǰľǱݵΨһһҰٻ̳رƷࡣ
ÿڣǮûǮҪǱȥ߳
񿴵г֪ǰٻ̳治ɶ
һ¥ͱ˼ٻ̳ˡ
ΪĿǰտŵԵʣҲֻһ¥̯λ̣¥¥Ŀǰš
һ¥ҲӣҺ׾뵽δŶ¥¥ʲôӡ
Ϊһ쿪ţвҩ̶ƳŻݻƵҲһЩݲճвҩ
⼸һֱڸϰвҩĹܺͺôҲʼЩ
ҳڰݲ֮󣬷ֻĻһЩ֢֮Ҳ֪вҩĺô
쿪ţҲȥ
ټг̯λ࣬Ʒֶ࣬ѡشҲܼǵĹҩĵ˵Ҳ١
Ҳ̯λΪѡһЩҩġ
үʹˣҪԪүȻбҽչˣҲҪġ
ԪææµµҲҪ塣
ôһ룬һѡ
̯λϰ򣬿ıʾҪǮҪлгṩĻᡣ
ЦŴǮǮݹȥҾͷˡǰĺҾˡ
̯λϰŲ˼Ľ˹
г̯λҪ˴þˡ
ڶϣݵгʡ̨ŽĿϲˡ
ݱϾʡҲעƶУȻڷչûо֣ǱԼҵ·ʡ쵼ҲǺԸһЩֵ֧ġ
ԱгŵĵͰʡ̨˹¼˽ĿҹȻ͸Ͻˡ
ռʱ仹̣ռ˰˷ʱ䡣
Ҫ쵼¶ˣƳԼƳýϰЩ˻ǵõϱֽƬϳλ쵼ǵڻڵǵŮ쵼Ҳǵ꡶ƷǸӾȫŮɲ
쵼ʲôʱȥˡϵˡⰡ
˵£
ǲҪˣ
쵼ôͣʲôʱ߾ͺˡ
÷Ҳ˵İѹŮڵӡ
ݿ˫۷Ź⡣
հ磬ʣ
ǿɲհԽбˡ
ݵ裬ԺҲҪѧհ
Ůĸ׵ĻҸ˵Լ롣
÷һ㱣СʱΪƶ綮µĴݣЦŵá
ԺͲܾˡҲҪȥܶҪҵĵط
ΪòģҺء
̧ͷ裬㡭Ĳ׼ٻҪȥѧˣ㲻ÿҵġ
ˣհףŮʵԻĺܾʡ͹ˣɲˡҿҲġ
÷˵Ļ
ŴݻļʱҲй뷨Ҹʵģɸңһݡ
ҵԼˣû뷨ˡ
˲翿Լ
Ҳһ죬ԼˣҲɼҵˡûʲôˣһͬûʲôϰ飬һ𵽴ߣơԼ
ٳɼң÷ʾԼĺæݶû취չˣʱټһͥɲÿ˶гһ˵ġ
˵ˣһ绹Ҫȥء
˺һ磬е쵼Ҳϰˡ
Ҳûʱͺѧְ͵ġʰģڰ칫ų÷ĿŹˡ
ſǳ÷ȫطչҩˣԼҩĸȤ׼չҵҵҡ
֮ܶǮӡ
ȻѾгˣҲȻǮӺӡ¡صĽӴʽɱȽӴʡ쵼ء
лҪ˵ôô


480 
γ÷˿ɲ١ͳˡ
ЩһĶвҩȤ,  һҲǸһЩӣո
¹ʲôĿģӴ,  ˿ûʲôӡһֱʾӭ
ȥιвҩг
ӲֵǮܹЩ˸ݴʵݣǲҪġ
̬ȰڳˣЩҲǺܸߵҲЩ˼ˣҲοˡ
ȵг֮,  Щ˿Ŀĸҩ,  עҩˡ
евҩֵĸɲĸǽĿǰʢһЩҩġ
ο󲿷˶ҵ˽ģһгĹģЩ뷨ˡ
Ŀǰڻûִģгء
Щвҩ򽻵˵,  ȷʵһûᡣƷֶ࣬ѡҲࡣ
۸Ҳܱˡ
вҩֵĸɲָ,  ȥӹûֻҪﵽһ,  ֱóۡȥӹûһ۸񡣶һǷֱ֡ȥӹҪʵݡ
вι۵ҩʵ,  гߵҩ̲Ͳ׬Ǯ𣿡
׬Ǯ,  ֻǲ׬ǵǮ,  ȥ,  ǲ
ʵҲ
ҩļӹٴӳɱѹһøгߡһǱ߷֡
,  ҲΧϸĴ
ΪʲôֱӴҩļӹǱ߹֣ǵþг⡣
вҩ־ͻش,  Ϊ˷г,  ԸôҶ׬Ǯ
Ҳ⼸ĺߣôһҪպûᡣ
ҵȻŹûᣬ𿴵ҩ,  ǺһˣǾǺܴһǮˡ
ܹø͵ļ۸õõҩģ˭ﲻ⣿
һʱ䣬ˡ
ͳ÷վһ߿ţ÷Ц󷽡
гôỨǮ
ЦҲû취飬ݽͨ㣬λƫƧûʵʵĺôôҲǮˡ
÷ԺгõĺôԺûϰˣľ׼طˡ
Ҳôġ
ҪչҪʱĹ̾ҪǱݵ쵼ƶ
㿴δչõıݡ
οǸݵг˵һ⡣
Щ춼˵ӡ
һ⣬ܹϢһˡϲЦտġ
ѧĵĴԼѧͽʶҩģϤҩĵļ۸ͷ࣬ǵѧˡۻǲֻæԼóȥС
ʦԺǵӶõ𣿡Сѧͽ˷ܵ
˵׼ǵÿԼܸ鷳ţֻҪŬͲû⡣ѧŵ
ѧһ뷨Ҳһˡ
ǶǴԱģɼҩ·ġ
ԼĵӣҲҵȻܹۣȻҲԼĹ֮
Ҳһ˲翿ķֻһʱģһֱǡһֱڱ仯ͿԿˡ
˵Ƿǣ˵ǡ
Լɳδ֮Ȼ󱻷
Լϰ֮Щ˿֮ǰҲҪȫˡ
ҲԶˡ
Щҩ̾һŶӣﻥ
绥ҩƷֲһͿԻȥ̸ʱ򣬾˳һ¡
ҲһȥȥиӦ鷳¶
гĴٽ£ЩѹͲҪȥʺԼߵ·
ҲΪЩŬгڼµʱڣͿʼˡ
ҲһֱܹעгĳɳÿҪгݡ
ÿ춼нˣһֱڽҲο
ֻҪصϰԼŬﻷټѣķչ
гĳɹӪݵľҲʼչ
гԱ߾Ͷ̷Ժȵģõġ
ΪⶼطһӾ;ۼ˺ܶˡ
Ҫ˵Ψһģ⡣
֮ǰͳһ֯ȥʱǻûô⡣Ͼûãݾ޹·޲ġ
ֻܽ·
ڱгչ֮󣬶ҪԽˡ
ʲô⣬ɶӲɱ
ŵͼڰ칫о˺Щ죬ͷץˣûоͷ
Ҫٹ꣬϶Ǯܹ·
ŵܾ꣬òþ
£ͽӵ˳÷ϲĵ绰
ݻĿ׶ѧˡ
ԭ׼ˮģû뵽ɼĺãˡ
Ŵݵ˵ѧУʱ佫ǸĿγ̶ˣϰʱ䡣
֮ǰѧĺãѹͲøϰǰûѹ
ϢĻϲ
ǰ绰ͷ÷ۺᡣ
ԼŮΪ˴ѧˣô˺õĽ
ҲˣΪϱӵĴûġƫƫһرѧϰˡ
飬˴ѧһȫͬĵ·
Ⱥڵͬ־ϴѧҪϲϾڵǰҲ飬Ļϴɵء
Ϊ׼ֱʺͱʼǱ
µ׿ᣬǰȥ￪ᣬϼҴڵİѴϷ̽׵Ԫͬ־ҲˡżٵԪҲˡ
׼һڳ÷ԶٷȻһ죬֡
һǿȥģһ·͸·ˡ
治ס佫Ʊݷչһ谭
Ԫ̾
Ԫ·ɲޣ˵ɱʩѶȾ⡣·ɽ·Ҳð졣
Ȼޣһ֧ġڹҲҲᳫ˽ҵ·𣿡
ҡͷܾⲻõİ취ĥĥ
ΪܾǾù·䲻ʡ
ΪвҩȫصģҪǳ;䡣
ұݵҲù·ѡ
ѾԼԼ˵뷨
ֻһʱЩѡ
ԪְΪ·ߣ·Ǯģͳ裬·̫Ǯˣɻɡ·Ϸɡ
񣺡
Ԫ飬ԪҲһȴЦ⡣
ʡߣ÷ڵλﰲź˹͸ϻؼǡ
Ԫˣ˵ȥԪ
ԪҲϲ÷§Ĳӣҳ
÷Ц⣬ԪҪԡ
Ԫͷ񣬡ְ֣Ҳ
ÿҪʱ򣬰ְ־ţ˵
ɰСĸˡŻˣԼ
ɲСС˼ǰ۹ŵԱߵĴϡ
ڱĿ񡣹ˣǱǰ׺ߡûСʱȻˡ
Щ졣
ЦŹļ򣬡ġǰԻܿϾ󰡡Ҫٿǲ뿼ʲôѧУУ
ѧҵ
ʵʲô
հһ

÷Ԫ߹⺢ӰСΪأ˵ҪΪһˡ
񣺡
ԪҲʶݣӳ÷ȥǣݵ֡
ߴݣ֮ǰʱյڻءܺá
кڵ͵ģÿ춼ˡ
Сˬʣȫⲻ˵ӡ
⵹ôȻ٣Ҳ¶ϲЦݣһһЩѧϰϣرã㡣ֳ˺ܶصĿأ㡣
Ԫðϲѧϰˡ
ĵָͷʵҲôϲΪѧϰ۵ġ뿪裬ֻܺúѧҪܼѧϰ
˻ϲϲľһ𣬵õĲˡݵ˹ϵһЩˡ
֪͵С׺ˣҲûʶѧϰ顣ǸѵҲûʡֻףúѧϰָԼھЩˣѣȥǡ
ڵҲھ󣡡Ԫ
ͷǵģҵʱҲڵ绰ƽʱˣҪ
ĵͷܾԼ˵ѡ


481 
ڳ¼һ,  ڶˬȥʡᡣ
ּȻ飬ܽһÿȴҵĹɹԼʡµļ
Ϊг֮,  ҲλᡣҲǼ졣
ʵģαҲʡ쵼ˡ
ʡֱӵ˱ݵ˵ݵҩֲĺġΪϰս⣬Ҫֵ֯ƶֵñ
ĵ,  ƶе,  ǲǵժˡ
֮󣬴ҴһĽ΢΢ʵֿʼܽᡣ
޷һ׼ʲôȻԼܵδҪηչ
ȻûȻʱȴ󣬿Լƻ¶,  ҲһЩճС¶
ıвҩг¶ʡЩȤ,  гĿǰĳɹô
صĿǰȻտû,  ѾʼϵơǴ׿ŵڶ,  ҩˡ
ʡ,  Ҫȴʲô,  Ժ֯ᡣ
仰ǿˡҪ,  Ҳûٰ
ȻҲƶ,  Ҫĵط̫,  Ļϣ쵼ɲзչ
ܽ,  ʡҲʼ˵°һЩš
һǹ·޽Ľ顣
⹤ÿ궼еġ
֮󣬾ͺע衣ÿ궼һЩ·ߡ
ЩûɶϵϾ·¶Ҫһʱ˺͡
֮,  ҪſǷʺޡõֵ޵塣
ҲעԼ֪Լ¶֪ݵ϶޲˵ġ
ɽ࣬·ɱ̫ߣոߣ񲢲㸻ԣĻ˵϶õѡ
ûʲôֵȥҪԴ
ɽ죬Ͷˡ
ʡ·߻ᾭһЩ֣ǻȥԼ׼ΪʱЩѡվ㡣
ɲδÿУһЩسǶվġֻһЩеģвŻὨվ㡣
羭÷չĺУȪС
ȻҲһӾͽҪЩٽѡվ㡣
ϾǮֻô࣬Ҫĵط̫ࡣ
һһǱֵģһϲЦտģĦȭơ
û㵽ֵﶼģҲûʧ䡣
ͣڱʼǱϼ¼Щѡе֡
һֱϲŽ
ȥ֮ǰʡһݺʡͼͿʼͼ
Ԫںʹһдҵչȥֲôɻֻܾ죬ôæ
Цհرб¡ǵİ
Ԫ־ýб¡
Ԫͳһ𿴵ͼ
ô£ʲôҪҰæ𣿡
·߰
Щ˷ܣʡµ滮
Ԫ׼·
ޣ֪϶޲
ʱݲˡ
ݵɽ̫ˡҪ޾͵ÿɽ
޲ˣ˿ްָָͱڵİС
Ҳ·滮һС
ͬҲϾͱýҲζʡԶûʲôչĵ̣Ȼչĺܲá
ܹѡ·棬Ϊʣ·ؾ֮ûϵϾûվ㣬·Ҳûð
о˺һѡ˺ͱİС
˵վ㣬һֱͨݻվĹ·ӱݵվһСʱ֮ڣȻͿת䣬ô
ԪڱϿţͷھʱЧ֮ڡ
÷Ҳ˷ܵҲͱԼ޻վûˡʡڲһЩվҲ롣
ЦֹˣҸոտͼʱһ뵽һô
Ǧʻ˼ȦݺǱͬʡǱ߽ߣڱݶߡ
߻СڱݵϱڸʡҲڼСǲҲܹͨվ档ҪȥݣԼ·֮⣬ͨݡʱ򣬱ҲܳΪһʱתվ
Щƻһ뷨Զķȥ롣
һʱɷ˺һӵķҲ֮ɢˡ
ԪЦ뷨ܺҲܺá
÷гǸ뷨ãҪǰˣֹͨ˱ݵĽܹͨΪµĻ
һˣ˻طԾҲˡ
ЦŵͷȻ̾Ҳû취顣˭ڻ޲·ء
δ϶Ҫ޵ġҿƼˣǿˣȫ·վءݵʱ򾭼ÿ϶ҲչˣȻҲҪ޵ġ
֮ʹסˣڶһ緹ϼҴڻؼҡ
Ԫͦ᲻ôݽģʹĵȻŽ͵һѧϰϻؼҡ
ԪЦǼԪôôϲѧϰ
ġԪ
ϲòˣͷ˺ü¡Ԫ׵
Ԫ鿴ŹŮҲû
⺢ǰɲȻҲѧҲҪʦĶѧġ

ص͸Ͻȥˡ
ǵôοд¶
ԡ
ֱˡʲô¶ˣǹڸĸЩ⣿
֣ǲǣǹ·顣
һӾͷˣȻԭ¶ûϵ
ǰûУھˡ
񽫵ͼ˳Ȼ
ӵλãûδչ򼸸⡣
֮Ҫ˵Ϊѡ·ǾһҪðݳɹվ㡣
ǰҲûرעݣ֪ݻվһ꽨ġ
ⶼҪΰܲܽվҪġ
²һսһʱͣСҲҪȡġ
ôҪԼȡ
ð⣬ܰæ𣿡
ⲻǰæԾȡȻվҪ޵ģΪʲôͲܹڰأǴҶ棬Ҳøֻ̫࣬Ҫ̬ʡԼƲһ
ôͣǵܹˡ
һ©ϢǺ밲ļͨȽϺá
ȻڻĳУǻĸɲ﷢չǺõġ˭û˽أ˭ԼµϰչĸҸã

Ц٣ȺͰ̸ͨ
æɲǰװġȻҪΪʱתվ϶ҪһЩġ
м·˭ޣôޣ˭ǮⶼҪ̸á
޻վȻǰݿ϶ġ
ǮôС
Ϊʱתվӣ·ǲܼ⣬ܲڻվһЩȨ
ڻվһڱݵĻ𳵻˹˾
ЩҪȥ̸ġ
ǵУǾȥ̸
Цһ˿ûȥһ뷨ˡ
ҲźЩˡʡﲻϢҲҪȥ·Ϣġ취ҲȨ֮ƣԺǱݻҪԼĻվ˻վź߳ȥ
վǰ롣
ݵĵλãȻľͱȱ˶ѡ
ôһƻ·𿴵ϣδ˵ûܽԼĻվ


482 
ȥݵ鵱Ȼ
ǺͰǱҲûʲô,  ֹû飬ΪԴ⣬ߵ쵼֮仹еìܡ
ÿΪܹõһЩʡԴ,  ûȡ꣬Ϊæвҩ¸¶ûüͰǱߵ쵼ìܣҲʡ
ͺ쵼һ£˰ݵ,  ϻȥֺԪͬ־ϼƺϼ,  ˾ִмƻڶһͳˡ
ΪͷһԼˣ԰Ҳء
ݳ,  תˣڰ˵,  ⻹Ǹطӡûı䡣
Щ˶²ǲǱ쵼ʲôġ
˵ǽ軹ǿ,  û׼н޻֡
쵼ӻû֮ǰ,  ССһ
,  ܱҪʲô,  Ƕ
ɿڣ
һƽĹ,  Ȼʲô¡صĽӴʽ,  Ҳǰݵг鿪·ڵţȻųӹ
ݵ쵼ҲǺٸ,  ڰġ
ݵǺгʮ,  ͷˡ
ǰǸСһģȻҲƽЩ֮ҲûЩ,  ֱг칫ˡ
ͬ־ˣϡϡͰ
ݵĽгվӭ
Цź֣ǰʡʱͽгģûŻᡣⲻˡûǰɡ
ûУô̸ϴءԸݲ衣
ӹлȻЦ·¶
гЦŵͷǰϾʡﰲŵģҪһЩ¹ûϣȡ𣿡
񸽺ͣ˵̫ˣһ̣˭Ҳ֪ʲôû͵üȡҰҾðݵϣǺܴġֻҪȡķˣпܽվ㰡վпܡ
⻰гֹˣȫ֪ʲôĿġ
Ҫ˵·Ǻͱûϵ
ֹţѾżɽˡʱҲҴˣҾΪ˰ݽ·վġ
ܹλõģǶǺͿˣȻҲ׼ػˡսپõġ
гͬ־⻰ʲô˼
ϣݿԽһվ㡣ҲͬҾҲŬһѡ˵ٷ֮٣ٰٷ֮ʮǿܵġ
׻˵ûѵͣгҲûô棬֪ܺĿĵİǣЦõʲô
ϣҲԷչ֮⣬Ҳϣܹ˳糵
ǱȻĵʱû취վ㡣ǱݵϰҲϣ߳ȥǱȽϽվ㣬Ҫ߻䣬Ҳܸһ㡣
⻰˵ʮֳʵгҲܿȻЦ˵Ҳǣ˻վȷʵҲܹһЩȷʵܽ
֪ԼгһӾֱˣоӲ١׼䰲ݵȻýǵҲǱݺò˶٣޻վļʼ٣ûо
г
νгֱӹһ衣ЩŲסˣЩӲģȻͬ־ǰ̸ʲô
˵ûȡĽȡеġǾ仰ûȡվһվԵصķչжӰ죬гӦǺġкܶоΪվþʹˡ
Щ¶гϸɲȻ֪һĽ
ǰûʲô֮ǰҲĽĽûô롣
ϣȻҲʹ󵨵룬ٿŵӣﲻֹѲɻа취
Ȼеϣ˭ץס
гصȻоġչؾãҲһֱǰ쵼ӵĿꡣ
ʵж󣿱磬Ǳܹȡվ٣
гҲˣܰǰݸ㶨վǾƽ׵˸վȻܰá
ǱݵҪ󡣡
ͰԼõһЩҪˡ
ҪڻվӵԼĲֿ⣬˹˾⣬ݺͰ֮һ·ʮ֮ڣǱݵĳ·ѡ
·ݺͰһǮޡ
⻰гüͷһˡ
ֿͻ˹˾ûʲô·
·ҲҪǷֵ·ѣ
ЦҪǴ·ͨǰûлվʲôϵȻĸ·ͨˣǾ·
컻ǱҪȫе·ķҶԸ⡣һվԸдľЧ档վɲһ¶ˣġ
г̸ǲҲҪվ֮Ҳǻݻ
ǿɲֻаһѡ˵ʵڵģҲǾҪǰûģǵȻҲǿ˾ǹ·ʱ·΢ߵԶ㡣ţֵܵλԻվľĻ󡣡

гһӾҭסˡ
ȻԱЩˣ뵽һվͰһˣҵú쵼һ¡
ͷ㡣
¹ش󣬽гҲ飬ڰ칫ҺȲ裬ԼȥǣԼ쵼ᡣ
ﱾΪģû뵽ͻվġ⻰Ϊʱ磬ĿĻǴһ
롣һվΪｨ
˼û׼Ȿ£ʡƴ

ǳ˿̣û˵ôȡ
гҡͷû˵Ҫ̸֮Ż˵
ǵΪһԴӦվԽɣ˵ЩҲûʲô
гҲûʲôǾóǮ¶еۡ
Ц룬ҪûɣǲҲһǮó𣿡
гǻǳǮȽϺã˵վˡ
ǮȣվǸҪ
֮Ǻͽгһ
ͬ־õˡЦź֣Ǻʡ˰ſľͺǵͬ־ˡ
ǫҵҵ̤̤ʵʵϰհµġ
ЦŵҲǰݵϰհˡոսг˵飬Ǹ˰ͬ־ֱǰݴ˺Ϣ
һͨñҲֻЦЦΪ˰ݣΪ˱ݡԲ֪ǵôʱҵøϽȥ׼ء
ȻǺãܺá飬ǰݶܡһϿҵǲ֪Ҫôϣȡô
õ϶𸴣Žдõļƻ˳
ȡʡ侭Ȧƻ
԰Ϊģһ·ߡ
ȻûǩЭ飬ҲûҴš
ϾλˣˣᳯϦġ
ݻվص㣬ݾõķչġδǺĻתġһݾлվչиҵ
񻭵ͼǺͽгˡ
ҪܰɣɲֹһվôˣҪչˡ
Ȼƻ棬ĳЩ϶Ҫġ
˸ݵ֮⣬վĻ˲ֿ⻹ҪøһЩ֧ǵĳС
Ҳ˵ǰڻվ뿿չĻˡ
ǼҲֵõģΪվǳôڵģ˿ʼļ꣬׬˵Ǯˡ
ҰݱҲ档
ЩݣҲݴ档
ǺͽгûôǾͬЩ
ȻԼͬĿ˱ݡ
ʱǱݰȡ
ЦŵͷǻᾡΪҪֵܳȡ


483 
ʣµʱɲ, ַⶼҪˣĸطʺվ㡣
ʡȻ汨Ĺ滮
, Ҫȡľǻʡ֧֡
Ͱߵ쵼ӿ˸СᣬƻͣĻرˡ
гε·ڡ
ˣվԭؿšгܾݹġ
ǵȼһ, Ц, ΪùΪʲôôģֻҪǰݵõʲôʵݾˡô, ǵı¡Ѳ֪ˣǾͲˣ
гϿɵĵͷ, ˵Ҳǡ
ȻżҲΪìܣǲò, ͬ־ĳЩȷʵͨ͸
Ҳͱ, Ȼϳɾ
, ص, ͺǻ㱨Ϣ
ǼƻĻҪ, ԭȡ·, ֱȡʮˡ
ɱС·ѣʡǮһ, Ҳǿܶݹ·
Ǵϲ, ͬ־ǲһ
ΪǱݵͬ־Žһ£ҳе
΢Ŀһ´ңȻЦ, Ҫ飬һǽĿǰвҩ룬Լһͳƣʱʡ￴ʡҲǱݵ
ǵͷ
ֵȥֵ֮ܳ佻Ǻһְ֧ݽվҲ׼һҼҵȥ̸̫¶Ҳǰй¶ǵ뷨ҽֱιֱۡӿ齲ĸһЩ
Ը𣿡
Ͽһ룬ϽȦĿӦûġҪ治Ǿˡ㼸ҡҲ˶ڣǽʵЧȰˣѧҲһЧҪۡ
ǵУһ绰֪ͨǷֹ
ֵ֮ܳȻûʲôϵٴ򽻵룬໹Ǹӵġ
ֻҪرͨʵģ˭Ҳܾ
ұʡҲõˣЩҲûȥݿ
ϵھӶˡ
⼸ھӶҪͨݲܵﰲݵġ
Ϊ˽Ӵǣ߻˸Ӵʽλ쵼ڱڵĵطˡɸ˴ˡ
Ҳ̫̫¡ˡ
쵼Ц
ɽе쵼ҲЦһ·ݱ仯ȴǴ󰡣ѹǵõʡĿ佱
ǸȦ׼ʲôĿˮ쵼Ц
Цŵȵȱúģ˵Щھǿɴûô۹ء
ǻǣ⻹ǵһΡ
һοɲǿֻȥɡ
ЦֻҪ⣬׼ض顣
ຮ֮һ˲ȥ
µ¥ڽ裬ǻϵط칫Щס
·ʱЩҲڽе¥Ҳ֪֮ǰҲ渻ԣˡԽе档
΢˻裬Ҿͽˡ
С黹ֵģǺȦƻ
Ľ⣬ǼУͰݣԼԱߵļУȫԻͨޣԴϣѰͬչĻᡣ
Ժͨͨصʡһܱȹ㷢չҪá
Զ׼ġ
˭ҲҲûб쳵ܳɹġ
ҪʵֽǽͨȻʮҪġ
ҪչҪлͨͨʵ֡⼸в˵ḻǺôҲЩزġЩز͵ȥֵǮ
ϵĺˮĴ⡣ǰҴֲǵ䲻ȥ˻վͺȥˡʱȫǱһ֯Աȥ·ۡǻţȫѲظũƷչǻôѲɻǼУ
Ҳõ¶ðɡǱѾ˳ɼвҩгձĲƷҵ·οũƷ
ںܶ೧ĲƷ·У˵׻г⡣˻վʱЧȥˣ˾룬ǲǣ
԰վǵĻᡣǼĿǰûнվĻᣬҪ߳;ҪȥʡǡݽվˣеʱЧʹļСˡ
ģг͵ɰݺҲм仹ء
ָָǽϵĵͼ֮£ġеľ룬Ҳý
ָָ֮ͨĵ·ֻҪǻ֮·ͨˣ¶ͺðˡңһΪֵ֮ܳȡһǱݹƵĳӣȥ·ѡ
⻰쵼סˡ
Ϊʲôݡ
ЦΪݵ·ǱҪ޵ġ

Ǯû˵ġ
ЩҲûʲô𣬵ʱǵĻֱӹǱݳƺŲˣֻҪǱ·ѵġ
ֵңʱǼ֮·ǱҲ⼸Ǯ̸Ҫ̸԰ݻվΪľ÷չ⡣
쵼û˵Զ˼˵Щ
Ҳż˿ڲ裬ݻվɹԻǴ档۹ųԶ룬òϣԺõʱ򣬲Ҳ𣿡
еǾЦҲΪԼɡ
ǾЩˣʲô治ģǶΪ츣ϰա
Ҳȷе˵Ϊϰյ档˵˽ĵĻǶΪԼµϰաǲȡ˭ȡҲԲȡԺôûˡ˵·ѣִʹá
ңݻվǷԴԼҲġǰݽվ㣬ҲǱĳнĳеʱɲЩ
Ķϸɲ֪ʶҲǺȫġ֪ҪչҪЩ
ͨȷʵҲǺҪԭ
ԼڵĳлὨվվ㣬ǶҪȡġ
ôᡣ
Ҫ˵Ψһɵĵ㵹Ҳ˵Щôܾñ˰ݡ
뷨Ҳһζǻǿ档
˵ĻʵûаݣҲǱĳСܲԼ
˼ҲżǣǺ߳ңôҸ
ǳЩģ᲻ɰɡ
ЦֻҪ΢׵ģ᲻ͬġ
ͬˣȥʡ
ͷֻҪǩ֣ҾҰһȥʡ쵼
ǵϣʡ쵼ǸС
ҷչϴȥʡ쵼ҲǿҪԼ÷չ㷢չǻܲˣ
ǲġ˵Լ㷢չҪ쵼ʲôǴ
쵼ҲͿ˰Сʱһ£ͺͬȦһũƷһְ֧ݽվ㷢չ
ϾνȡǶԣǱ̬ѡ
Ǹһһ֣ҽǵġ꣬ܿɼ
ǩ֮Ͱϵˡ
Ǳ߶û졣̸˼Ҷѡ
ˣ̸һ졣ͱȥʡ̸ˡ١
Ҫֵܳˣѧʡ쵼ǲѰˡ
ʱݽվ¶ûоˡ


484 
Ϊ˼ӽٶ̸, ݸһЩŴѸٵĻֵܳе֧֡
һͺ绰֪ͨ
̸ʱ䶼û, ͺԼһȥʡʱʡϣ΢̸̸ȥʡ쵼롣
ıȰ쵼ӻҪӣðݵ쵼Щա
ݵͬ־Ƿһˡ
˱ݽͨҪ㣬ûͳˡȻڳϲߡ
˯һֱںͰǱߴ绰, ڵ绰﹵ͨ
˯һ, ۾ƽ̹ʡ
ʲôʱǱݵĽܹͨͺˡ
骵г, ҿͷܿġ
Ц, ⻹ĵĶԼĻվûء˵һʡˡ̫Զ, Ҳ, ɲһʱġ
·һ, ڱ˵, ǾǸ޵׶
ôһǮ, Ȼ, Ҳ¶
طҲҪǮء
Ŭʡ쵼ǱݵľǱȰվ֮, ý, ԺһСվ㡣»𳵾ֻͣӵֶС׶ˡ
Ҳ԰ݻվĵԭ֮һ
ݺͱݾ벻ԶǱ߽վˣýıԺһվһЩ
ҪȻͱ, Ҳ֪ʲôʱϡ
ʡѾˣǱߵǻȵˡ
͵ͨҪ޴ڰûͳˣǱһ
ͬ־ˡЦ
ǫ飬ΪϰգӦõġҲʱˣٰ϶Զԣû⣬͵ȥ¶ˡ
˫Ҳûʱ䣬ǩֵóˡ
˵Ը԰ΪĵľȦƻԺͨޣͬչ
ܷĿǰŽͬԣľ
Ǻʡύôһݼƻ顣ܲһھͺվֱ̫ˡ
һʡʱʡտĻ飬СʱҪȥʡӲ칤
ΪǰһԼõģżСʱǡ
Ҳʡ쵼ࡣ
Ҫһʡ飬ҲɡаСʱͺˡ
쵼һǽ칫ң͹ȥˣһӶû
ǻԼһˣ˵Ҫ㱨Ҫʲôʡһ
Ǻͽгͦš
ûô࣬һŰ¶鵹ǱȽƽȣһĻشԴϴο֮ļֵҲ˹ͨѰչĵ·
⼸ֵо涼ڱȽģŷչЧʵڲãǾͺϼһ£׼һ÷չȦ
⻰ʡһӾ˾ˣֱˣ˵˵
ͽ׼õϵݸʡ
ʡ΢˿һҳܸۡ
ȷдŲĳЩеԴЩͨЩԴͨޣԴԼͬⷢչ
ĿǰΪֹʡ⻹Ƕһݡ
ڿչʡ˵Ǻܴġ
мǱȽϸڵһЩ⣬Щ࣬ʡٵķ˷ٷļҳǩֲ֣źϡȻĿǣķΧܴ󰡣ôЭϣЩû⣿
ʡЩֵܳжϣչģرϴο֮ǸǸܵ˺ֵܳеĲࡣѰչ鶼ܼУĶǿҡ
ҲǶǺԸ⻥ϵġ
ʡʵΪʲô԰Ϊġҿ뷨ɡ
˵ţҲ
ݺͰݵͼˡ
Ǻͽгһ
Ҳһ£Ԥϵġ
ֻҪ쵼ӸˣǾͻϣ
ϿҵƻȷʵǻڰݻվĽġҲϴ˵ݿܽվ֮󣬲뵽ôһƻʡҲ֪ǵͨ㣬뷨ҲûˣһʱһҲȲˣƻˡ
ʡվ鲻ǻûȷǾǰüƻˣôʮþȣ
Ҳ˵ĵطͬ־С
ʡǾûʮþȵ뷨Ǿһ̬ȡΪص쵼ɲǲȡôȥıһЩأƻҲϣʡ쵼ǿԿѰչľģԼǵжݵҲʵģǣݻվһǿ϶ٵĽͶʽվĳɱ£ʱ׼ˡ
ʡԣɫˡ
ǽŵʡǰҲǺϣܹ͸ֵܳһչԣվֻΪ˰ݣΪ⸽ֵܳС
ʡɫĳĬš
Ϊһҳͬ־ԸչȻǸ˵ġ
ǸЩСҲӳչ

飬ͬ־ģ⼸ǿ϶ˡ
Ҳжġ
ǱݵϰնŬڷչǵҩҲɽ̫ͨˡ
ʡ΢΢ͷݵҩֲɹˡ
ݼƻ£Ȼȥվ黹ҪۺϿǵġȰѱְá
⻰˵̫ˣ˶Щ񣬵ҲӦվ뿪
һ·߳칫ңһֱ߳칫¥Ƕû˵¥Զˣڳϲſʼ˵
г˲ͷϵĺˮվһֱûҿ
Ǹʲô
ǵҿͱȽϿסҲܳɣҲܳɡ쵼ûͲ֪᲻
ʲôѵһǶ߳ȥˣھ͵ȽˡûҲӰǹǲǣҿ쵼Ǹ쵼Ϊ뷨ʹǵġ
ֲڣǿ˳ۣЩӰġ鸴ӣ֪Լ¶׸ɵȷ
ʼ˵ͦãҲúãͬˡ
һ룬÷պô
Ȱ۶㡣쵼ûֱӷƢлġ²һӾͰٷ֮ȷٸˢ˴ڸУ˳롣ܱ֮ǰϣãĺá
Ǻͽг
̬ȡ
г治ģʲôʣ
ЦҵʲôҶڱˣܸҵȥ

治ģڵ̬ԽԽˣ˵Լɵ¶̫ģǾԼѾŬˣѾˡܳɹֻ˵Լ΢㣬ٽˡ
ԵԼҲԵ
ңƼˣΪϽͬ־ڻᱻ쵼
ʡߣʡȷʵҲûʲôõӳ
飬Ҳı
ܹǫ̃˵顣ûΥɡ
ʡϸĿµϡ
⼸Ŀǰķչ״ԼΪıһ״Ĳͬļƻ
ʲô֮ũЩҪԴ
ڿվ㽨跽棬ЩǿءԴЩҪԴǵһǵģǵؾ˿״
ǾЩȴǵϰҪԴ
ƻ棬ЩԴڼתڲһȻͨվչ
Ǿ͸֯ϰйģģѧĸֲͳһۡߵϰյ롣
ʡǼٵ˾ݣﻹ
λãĸоͬһԭļƻҪĺȸԣȻٴûĺӡЧʵķʽ
ĺΪˡ

һȥʹ绰֪Ϣôֵжڵء
Щ˵ûõȷнﻹͦʧ
԰꣬øɶɶܹȿʼ·ȻѼƻʼִ
óȷ̬
һ¾Ҫ漰ɱˣûȷнʱ򣬺Щ˶Щԥ
͸ɴȲǣԼͰǱȸ
ô·Ȱ̯Ӹ
ºվû·Ҳް
֮Ҳǲܵ
ǵڴҶڵϢǲЩż
ҴΪɵиõĽжܵõҲܣ۱ԼȸҪȻ쵼ΪǾһ֪᲻ִеļƻװء
ǣ
ĴݵûţĿʼ·ߣһ׼Ͱܺͷ


485 
֮ǰ, ƻǲɱıй¶ˡ
ĳҲѧŸ˺
ߵϢ͸绰
⾺ǡ
ݵĽг֪ôˡﾹȻصЩ˷ܣðݾȻ˳Ϯˡ
ǲǴӲҲ֤ݵ㣿
˵᲻ʲôõӰ찡гġϾݵˡ
, ڽҵģԼͷɣɼõġˣһ׼ϵءǶһЩزȤģⷽܲܺ
, ũƷ
г˷ܡ
Ц, ǰҲ֪Ǵֲҩ, ũﻹȱġ̸ںĿܡ
⻹ǣ
г˷ˣ, ۺú̸
ӣݸǶ·¶ˡ
Ҳŷֱôһũгء
ȶ˰, ҲҪ·ͨݵ˵ˡ
ҲȶΪֲҩĶЩĲũͬ־ˡȻ˳, Ҳ̸ũչ¶
̸ҪҲӴ
߷ĸ¶, ʡȻҲϢˡ
ʡҲһֱעǡ
֪⼸пʼĻ֮, Цҡҡͷ͸¶ظʡ, жǺǿ
ظʡ, ȷʵҲݽЩϣǺΪѡ
ûʲôΪѵġǱǵһύ, ǼҲչж, ̬ġĳҲ֣ҶԲϰա
ϰĸҲԸΪϰʹȡ, ҪΪʡƵԭǷչԺԼûЩϰˡ
վ㣬һ˵ʵڵģҪǱӣҸԸݡ
˵ţЦҡͷ
ظʡˣ쵼Ŀбݵλͬ־ء
˵ȷʵҲ̫Ưˡ
վ㽨Ĺʮһ²ġ
ڼ仹ύ׶زˣȷġ
⹫һһֻעЩϢ쵼Ƕ˿ˣŲӿˡ
ڰ쵼˵Ͳ֪ɿˣֱˡ
һƬϲġһг绰ϲ
ҲǴ绰ˡ
ǵҲոյõϢˣϲϲ
ͬϲԺǱݰݿһˡ
ΡսһĲսˡǰֻ಻Ϥ״ɺ̫ˡ
߻౨ϲȣͽг߾Եˡ
ҲЦ˼ĺͽгİˡ
վ㶨ˣҲɹýء
氲ţǿɲܸɵţ׼øϽ
վַȷ֮󣬲ִҲҪˡ֯ҲҪǰˡ
ҲҪϽˡ
ɱСҪǻվˣ֪˲࣬ǲû
ǼҲҪǰȥгˣȻʼ滮´ũֲƻˡ
һ·ͨˣվ㲻ϣճɱ
ôһ˵ýг˷ܹͷƽˣⶼǽҪ顣
ͬ־ǰݵİҲһ仰˵ġû˵ġԺʲôҪǿ϶ҲǶ
ֵܳУʲôҲŴһԣء
ˣгﻹ壬ԺҪһһѡҪȻ鲻û

ݽվ¶ڱҲˡ
Ȼ⴫ġ
ҲΪ˸ݵϰġǣһֱڽϣǸġ
ҲһЩϰǰ׼ץס
ǱϰǶ֪ˣڵİҪվˡ
ǿǻ𳵰˵ܵԶˡ˻˯رࡣ
Ȼվڰݣ۱Ѿ˰̸ˡ
·ҲˣӱȥһСʱ
ҹŹ·Ѷˡ
ⲻ൱۱Լһվ۴￪ȥϣҲҪһСʱء
ܶϰջûʶվӰ죬һɳϰȴ̫վĺôˡ
ζԺǵҩɱ½ˡ
δڼ۸ʱЧо
رҩгЩ̻ǣ۵֡
վԺгˡҲ
ȥҲ㡣
һȺϵõ̷ǻԳ˲ˣ׾ƣף˵ش顣
ѧЦžٱҪ˵һøл쵼ǡ費վ쵼ǰھӼҵĸȡˡ
Աһˬʵϴ˵ел쵼ǵŬҲ֪ô̸ģ̸ôŻݡԺȥǱ߻ѵĲִء
Ҷȥݿֵˡ
ʱ룬Щˡһķվ·ӣ졣Ǵ
˵ţп۾Щˡ
˼ҳģʲôӶ
ҪæǶûн졣
￪ģԷƵġ
ĥŽ׬ǮҪǲ⣬Ҫ򷿵ġ
Ϊгŷ֪ͨˣ˵гԱһظǷӣרЩг˵ġ
ҲΪǰ⣬ôԶгͼ
ĺӣһڴָпȦЩȡ
һһлллиɲǡ
˶Цվٱһ̣ĵĸлŵллЩΪǱŬĸɲǡ
Ҳˣ۾ֻֻܱ֤Ҫҩһ죬ҾͱʱŪ٣Ϻȣ
֮ѧᶨ
Ҳǣ˭ҪǸٵģ۾Բӡ
ԣгˣǺȺ֮۾㣬ල
ϰΪվ˷ܵʱЩ쵼ҲûšѾǰռƻһԴˡ
ףҲˣܶطǷˡ
ݾչ˴ũ֤ۡϰ²ֲЩҲܹɵĹ򵽡
еĻͨޣ滥ˡ
ũͬ־ĶǮڴḻˣҲ⹺ˡ
һЩḻĵطϰҲܵ˷ḻʡ
ΪɹģǮҲܻ㡣
һḻҸоˡ
ǵİȥ˲˻пڲ˳ĶԽԽˡ
ЦųԲˣͽԴϡ
˾ʵˣǮˣ
ǰũͬ־Լֲҩģ붼ȥߡ
г֮һҲʼˣЩ˶׬ǮԴ˰˰ӿһˡ
갲·һͨ۱ݿҪˡ
Ͱб£ǰϲ
Цŵͬ־ȷʵб¡
ǰЩԥôб£Ժ϶Ҫġ⻹û˵ʱأ˵Ժôš߻ߣ
һ£⻹û뵽
ЩӣҲˣ¹ˣȺú÷չݰɡ쵼аŵġ
ǵѡĻԸԼߡ
αǣˡ̫ˡ
쵼ϣܹڱݼꡣ


486 
1991, ݷ˷츲صı仯
ȫҩֲ죬ѧУҲϣѧ½УѧϰҲΪҩս
رǼİݻվ, Լݰݽͬǹ·¶Ҳݸ֡
Щ仯ͨȷеݣչʾʡ쵼ǰ
ʡ쵼Ƕ˿
ǰǸϺȵġ涼󣬺ЩҲûжľȥıĵط
ϾһЩչҲãֻȱǿһ㡣
ڷȴʡġһ, Էֺü, Ϊ˴룬ݾôˡ
ݳɹ߳һʺϵɫķչ, ǽ쵼Щ굣ĵˡ
Ҳʡ쵼ǿһֺܺõķƶ
Ǿؼ彨һЩũũҵз֡
ʡ֮Ϊģʽ
ķǳͬ־ҲҪѧϰģʽݵɫչáѰʺչĵ·Ҫűһ, Ҫǿ
쵼
άƽı飬ŬԼûн
֮, ʡ񵥶˵˼仰
ͬ־ȥ˰ɡ
ش, Ұ˰ȥı, ˡ
ܹɼ, ѵðʡº͵
ͬ־
θ䡣
Աݻʲô뷨ûУ
, ڱݻֻ¸·, ûʵ¸ԺҪάǰڵĳɹ, ЩɹĻ, һЩĽĻĸı䣬⻹ΰάҽ
ʡðΪøúþͰ, ˡ
һдֹۣصͬ־
ͲЩ뷨ˡ
ĺͬ־Ҫġ
ݽˣиĵطҪͬ־
ᣬδʱܳ
ˣǲϲ佱ģ¿̫ܵӰ졣
䣬ʵʵġ
ȥúùҲһЩѧϰᡣ
ʡѧϰǾҪȥУˡ
һȥУѧϰģǶҪְġ
ʡУģҲʡ˵ڡҲֻ뵳Уķ
΢²һ£Ҳ̫࣬ĴӦˡ
ΪʡԶ쿪ҲϻȥҪʡǴ죬ȵڶٳ
סԶҲôŵġ
ûдţȥһط
ʡǵ԰
һŵһĹǰ档
ǣûǰҲ㱨ˡ
ջûܻصһӵıݡ
ǰѡ˺ʡǵ԰档ΪĶŮӶʡǣѡԺԼļߡ
ó˸ʡ㱨ϣһĶ
ũҵҵҵ
ӽҽƵı仯ϸһ顣
ѾʵȫķչȻǻ㸻ԣǱѾҵʺϵĵ·һֱǰ
δ׼ڷ·ĵطɽ·ĵط뿪ɽϣӡҩֲطչɹʵĻءũһְҵȻɽһǶԿ˷֪ܶ෢չõĳУҲɽġֻҪú÷չԺ϶ԽԽԣ
һ׼ҽѧǱѡ·۾͵ϰհ·߾ר
Ҳ˵ñݺЩбȣұ֤ñзԣ룬ҲǸˡ
ǣԺͲ㱨ˡΪݷһӣ÷ˡݵδǡ
һת뿪
ûѹΪţǻڣҲڵı⣬ҲῪĵġ
Ѿʵ˶ǵĳŵ
־
һˣδһ˽־򲻸ģ档

ݵȶˣȻճЩҲæǽ꣬ǲˡ
ͺԪꡣ
ռͺʹһϷǵļҹ
Ԫ鵹νͺǼҡ궼һ
߻ԥʱ򣬵Ƿһش顣
ΰѲҪ
νԻشģĸɲ˵ҲǳҪ
ӣȥֵֽĸԪ绰㿴ֽ𣿡
ˡԪЦһڳء
⻰ĽҼˣ
Ȼ˷֪ܵνǻᶨ·ߣһ϶˸ĸ￪ŵ·ߡ
ⲻò˷ܡ
ζűĴʱҪˡ
ԺϰǿԷſȥܶˣ쵼ǵ˼Ҳıĸףᶨˡ
ԺѰչ·
ȥϷ꣬ȥϷĸı䡣Ҳѧϰѧϰˡ
á
ԪһϢ͸ˡ
̫үүܸ˵ġ
ϷԪүչ˵Ķ࣬Ȼʮֺá
ߵʱүӱˡ
ԪʱﻹͦεģɻѡˡͦԲ̫үүġ
ЦǾͻϷû˼ˡ
үǰԪ鲻ãɶԪȷʵáԪϷæʱҲүչ˵ġ
һ㣬Ҳл
þԪͰŹܼ׼ʡ׼ȥƽźӻꡣôԶ·ĸŮԼߡ
ԪүԼҵԺﰦ̾ӣԽԽᡣ
ܼҼҴҵ˵һҪֻ꣬ˣŹȣģ
ġմ绰ġ
ԪүӾͲˣôҽӵ绰أҶûŮ˵ء
ԪСģԪ
Ԫү֪СӣҼԪŲ᲻ҡ
߶߶үӵҲԹԼԼǰĴҲТķԪϣֲԼĴ

СһڲŴӺƳȥϷ
Ϸı仯Խˣ˵һ춼Ϊ
ԺҪʱЩطˡܴЩطڷʱ̣ķչҲкֵܶѧϰĵط
ﻹͦź̫Ҫʱˡ
Ԫ⻰ˣãʱʱʲôʱʱ㡣
أԪżʵ
ҪϿء
һ㵱ȻѧϰôʱҲܺˡ
Ԫ
һ·˳˳ĵլ߶׼ˡ
Ԫһүӣ͸˵Χүתˡ
񿴵үɫͷһθпʱ̫졣
ת۶ôˡڴѧүӵʱǺڰɫͷء
ŻûϦԪ黹ȥһС
б仯̫ˣǸԽԽϲĸı䣬ҲĽĸı䡣
ڴϣܿѲµһЩӰ졣̷̸ܶ顣
Ԫͬ־ҸоδҪڷˡ


487 
ϷҲû,  ŰĹ򣬼ҵҡ
ϾʱڽҪѧϡھ÷,  ԼҲд
Ҳڹڹ֪꣬ԪϷˣ˶ٷ
Ҳû˺ϵżҲͨ绰ʲôġ
μ棬Ͽʮ,  Լһʢϯ
⼸ҲͶ,  ںܶطвҵ
ϿЦȻӯǰȷʵǰҪ̤ʵһҪл㵱ָһ·
ЦҵҲֻ,  Ҫûн軪ľģҲľġһ˿ûô
ϿЦ,  鵹Щӡ
뷨ʵͼô˫ġ
һ,  ͻȻ,  ,  ,  Ϊ쵼Ľ,  ͶʻԽԽ,  ֪ܶʶӺҵҶӹˡرһ֪ʶӣżع׼Ͷʡ
ôõϢ,  ΪȫСͶʶ,  Ϊ·׼·ġæǣߵġ
ʱ뵽ˣû׼Ȥ
⻰,  Ȼ۾ˡ
⼼Ͷʿһ㲻ã˼ûǮһǮû͹и
ֵǮġ϶
Ǯ׬Ҫġ
Ҫչ⿿һҵɲУҩΪҲõĳֵĿƼҵ
Ψһһ㣬⾺ɲС
ϿЦҲһҲÿطͶʻʵġҲÿһܹϿɡҪҺͰƼ
ȫظͶʣ¶ɱɲˡкһˣҲкܲһˡ
ͷãֻҪõϣǽʳҲҪͶʰ쳧ġ
ϿãָпҪѧԺҪൽߡ
ʱѸٷչҲԼԽԽСˣüѧ
ԪЦ֪ҵʱû㡣
ЦſЦת
һϷ꣬˵شܶϢҲѧܶණ׼ȥͺţһЩĸɲЩжŶִдһԸıЩ˹е˼άа
ٴλصݵʱȣʮиɾ
ȾͺţũչԿʼˣóĺͷѱȥ
ڴ쵼շĽأǸ϶Ҳס
Цŵ
ǻŽôչأ͸ôһˣҲˣݵӿԽԽζˡ
ˬ⾭÷¶žС
͵ɲǾ÷⣬ϵɲѵ
鲻ͬˣǺܶɲ˼ҲҪıˡرһЩɲδҪӰģǽȥظũչᣬҲһѵõѧϰҪһЩȥô
ðźܺðǺͬ˵ĺ˿ڲ裬ҲĥŽɲѵءǸ÷򡣾ôš
ǵ׿ϣߵϣ⹤ܿͰȥˡ
ΪǺһ㣬ԻҪͰݣԼһ
бǰͷǰҲӦ
Ÿűһɣѧ顣ñݱѡеĸɲǽĲˡ
һũչĲֹɲ񻹰ѡгвҩһ̻һƹ㡣
ѧΪӲĲҩ֪ʶԼ۶õĿڱɹѡгһչ
֪ͨһг֯ˡ
ѧļ⣬ҶģγȥҸĴҩҶúƹġŵĹңҾͲֻԼ߳ȥݡİɡ
ѧ֮ǰ֯һҩģûӹأȷʵܶ۶
Ҹ˵Ĺƣţϰ壬ŵĹ㣡
ĸɣ۰㿴ء
ҲллλˡѧЦŹ֣緢Ҳһ˿һģ
˱ݣݺҲѸٵ׼ȻһƷˡ
Ҫȥüиչ
ûأ֯һǮˣڵ̨ͱֽϰչĹȥˡϰպ͵صҵҶ֪ôһ
͸𣬸ϰմ˼ģ׷׶пţһһð
¶֮Ҳûţ̾רŷһ飬ͶʵˡҲʡǱֽ淢һ֪ͨӭȫؼͶʵͬ־ݡ
Ҫ𲻱Ҫᣬȫ淢˲ˡ
û취˭ñأ˼ֱӷˡ
ֻֻһҲɡ
һݼһˡ
Ҳûϣ˿ģԺϿҲá
û뵽ˣȥʱмͶʿ͸˱ڡЩĻ䣬׼Ͷʵʱ򣬾ͿϢˡ
ݺǿƼġֻǵʱһĻһЩкʡͶʡûôǡ
Щ˵ҲǴӹѧɻģ뿿ļͷأɳԼһҵ֮⣬ҲЩϣԼĳɹڹڡûʲôѡˣ׼ȥݿ
Ҳǳ겻ڹڣԱطϤñܹ̹棬ӦҲһĵطͿľǰݵĳӡ
һ·˱֮ļȸˡ
Ѿʼϸԣ·ˣ綼˱仯ˣǺʡǱȻܴ󣬺һЩĵŲࡣ
ҲǶʱܸģԳֳ˿Ųˡ
طôͶʣ
Ǯ֧Ŀչ
ԥأվĺñͬ־͹еʵͬ־ҩĵģͶʵģ׷ѰҪǰأ۸ṩѵĴ·񡣡
Ͷʻ
Ӵˣ۱ʺͶˡ쵼رأⲻͷ֪ͨˣͶءߣȥȱˮҺִ̾绰ǰųӡ
λͬ־ǿɲʽͶʵġ
Ͷʲ
ǡ
ǾͳɣһֻҪͶʾͳɡ
ñͬ־ڰֱ֣ӴȥдҺȲ裬ȻԼȥִ̾绰
ڳվдңЩ˵õд
ڵĲˮʵˮָɹ
ӻع֮󣬵ͶʣҲûôõļ˶һ¡
оҲȥˣ˵ů
һ軹û꣬̾־ͿˣֳԳǡ
ǹͰأȥҸдǾ֮ꡣ
Ȱ˰ס˵
סͲˡ
ڻ᲻ƭӣû¶û¶г˵ɴҲŹһ֮㡣
۱Ҳˣ˼ԸˣͲ˰Ѷߡ
¶ã˲ҲǸ߼֪ʶ֪ʶҲá
ǺصĴ¶ɲˡ


488
һ, ̾־Ūˡ
⼸˶Ǹ＼оġҪڻױƷʲôĿ
ҲΪڶعѰͶʵУǾͱȽС
֮ǰںʡ, Щзָ֣зعҵзͺܳ㡣
, ⼸˶ԱĻƺǲ⡣һʱʱἸԼ⼼ôڷչ, ҪǮߵ˼
Ͼôû׼ԡܱȱݵĻá
ֳһ, ֻҪм, Ǯ⡣гԭǣֻҪõ, ʳҲҪ֧֡

̸̸Ͷʵ⣬Ͷ֮ǰ, Ҫ֤ġȡ, ǵ̫ãڴڼ䣬ǵĳס涼ǰš⻹ᰲר˴ڸΡǺеķɡ

ݵĸɲ̫飬˲˼˵ܾĻˡ
˻һ, Ȼ󰵰ͷ
ʹҲһᱻС
뿪֮̾骴绰, 㱨Ϣ
ļϢ, ϲˣױƷ
骵ͷǰ, ˰дˣԱڼ鼼
ЦױƷҲҩҪǺܹҩ͸ˡǱߣҪǼģͰҲһ＼оˡ
ûпƼ֧ľã̫ˡ
ıȻвҩδд֣ҲǺܴġ
ϣӱݵľ
Ͷʯ·ҲҪҲø˿ǱݵͶʻ
ʶʣ뷨ЦԺ󻨲Ǯˡ
ǮǮչǱݵҩӦûЧģʱܶ׬Ǯˡ
ݵĸ룬Ѿ֮ǰ˲ˡ
ڻƲϸԣǾԲˡ
ũϰɶ·ء
Ϊ˱ʾԼӣ֮Ժ⼸˼档
лǴļعһһ֡
⼸зΪ׵ΰƱϵ۾Цǵǹҹɳģ˳ɹص
ȻҲԼ˽ģɹҲǴȥǵҲǱԼ׬ǮͬʱҲùҷչ뷨
ǵǵһĳġһԱ
ϲҲ߽ģ
⼸Ҳ΢ԾгҲ𣿡
ǰ߽ģ󾭼ѧϵѧ
ǻġΰϲ
һӾô˼׽ˡ
ǰĴѧʱ̫ˣϴѧĻҲΪѣҲǴӿӹġǰͬѧͲЩС
ΰֵȵȣðһ£гǾһλѧдһƪڹԲԲ£Ҳһλͬѧдġ
ҪǵûƺҲ
ҲûϣЦŵͷдġ
Ӽ۾ˡ
ҸվźͬšǶˡ
Цʢʱдģٴ˵Լʶ
дĺܺãһѧһݱֽŹȥˡû¶ʱͿ˵ܹôᶨĻҲܵ˵Ӱ졣Ѽعǵ
ʱҶˣഺѪ֮󣬶ӿ޵İ黳
ϵллǡţܻǹİ黳ûҵ£ҲġǱȻĽ
ҶЦΰйںð
ǸߣƼȽǱҲÿ˶ܳܵġ
رǵЩڹͶʣϻᱻ˳߼۹
ʱǲпġǻ¶ȱ˸ѡ
ôһ˫ҲǢˡ
ʼ̸ǵЩͶʡ
ΰЩΪѣ⻷ʵڲеĻͶʣǺԼһѪ̣ˡϾͶʰ档ĶһȥͰоˡ
ǸոôãЩ̸ļоԱǻ˵ܾĻ
Ҳ֪ǶԱݿ϶ôġ
һ䣬ǱҲ＼Ͷ֮⣬Ҳ齨һмоңǼо
⻰˶ǰһ
ΰʵг˵ģ
ҲῪЦЦκμǿԽģҲϣͨϵоĽҵǿ
˵ʮֵĺˡ
ڱĵطûôõرЩУ
ͷҲȱˣܶһѡļԱǴżعͶʣÿطʽޣȻҲѡ
͵ûʲôĿͺѵõõ
⵱ȻҲܹϾڹˡ
˭ԼܹõõͶء
ҲΪݵĻûʲôôǡ
ǿԿһ𰡣
ͷȻԡżˣ죬ûϤǱаɡҿԴȥ
⣬˼ôæǵʱˡ
סЩ˲ţҲҵĹ
Ĳⴥ
ڵĸɲĺ͹ⲻһ
û
һ񳵣һ˾ڱתתݵķչȻȥݵҩҩ￴
֮ǰ⼸ǴģԿĶ֮ǰϽ
ֱȥιۡ
½ҩǣֽһЩƵ̡Ա½¥ǾСԺ
ߵ·ҲȻҪɡ
һܿĴǱϣԶ졣
ָ·ֱͨʱеĻվǩ˺Э飬Ź·ȫ棬ȫһСʱڿԵվԤ׿ͨ
ָԱߵĿյأһƬ׼ҵһЩҵȫйԺ󷽱Աǿõĵأ·ģ׼¼ҲļͲҵⶼѾù滮ġطȲʡǣҲŬҵṩõٲͬȳв
ԭѾ֮ǰ򶯣Щ滮ͨпԿķչӡƫڱˡ
õõ쵼һҵķչ
Ǹ㼼ģЩӵĶݵڣǺʺǵġ
ȥ꽼ҩҩ˱δǱ֮⼸˾¶ˡ
ôһϻͷβţҲһֻչ߷ɵС˰ɡѡͶǣҲһַͶʡͶʱݣͬҲڷͶʡ
Է֮ǰһͬһԷʱǾڷϱ̬ˣԸڱݣҲлݶǵ֧֡
˵Ķ豭ʱ䲻ܺȾƣҾԲƾλһˣлűݣԸڱݡҲٴα֤һ죬Իõ֧ǡһҲдͬġ
⻰˶ЦҲллггڣǶġ
˸ʵʱ䣬˫ʽǩЭ顣
ݸϢｨҵһŴ֧ǷչǾ͵ڱ仧й˰ڱݡ
ЭǩˣͿʼϢαݵļ˾֪
骵гǧǰ
ԴرҪļôӣЩŸõļ˾ͿԸܵݵˡ
ǧ˸ǵļȷʵǱױƷͻƷڻǺгġúǵ֧ҵҲܴ䡣仧ݣԴزҵչҲԸӾҵλ֮£ǴȥǮͲʲôˡҪ༼ݣȻǸˡ
˵Ц̨ȴǷչõĺʱء
ԣﶼ̲סʼڴ㵽ˡ
εġǧ½дݵġ
ȻȲЩôеĶ࣬ѡˡݷҴӱλҲԺͱɸѡʱݷչĲҵˡ
ûѡϵģҲͶԷŵˣȺʽԣˣҲԸǽͶʡ
ҪǱʱûۺûһڳԳ޲ðеļڱݡЩԲҵݵľδضٻš
һ棬ҲܵЩڹҲʵͶʣʱѼȥͼˡ
ҲûֿܡϾзҪǮģܶ˶ǽʳзڵòرзҲû취ȥˡ
Ԫ绰˵ʱ۵
ԪЦãҸͶô
ͶĻһ´ʣȫ֪ɶ˼ģôͻȻ
⼸ԪͶȥǮѾջˣʽ㡣ո˵ҾͶЩˣǴҵΪڹҲͶʣżˡ
һůԪԽԽϲˡ
ԪõЦҿܲǱͶʡͶʱϾһҵʽͶ룬Ҫķա
֪⡣ֻҪڻͺáܹڹڣҲЩʵ룬Ǻ˲ˡ
ȻϣԪͶлرˡֻ׬Ǯˣܳõĸһҵ
ʾΪϢļδг
ԪһֱܹעгҲǺⷽģȻܿġллָ㡣
ϷˣʱȻȡ
Ԫ˵Ļᣬر⼸̸ҵͺӡ
żһ䣬ܹǴؽǰ»Ƕӡ
ǰػʱ⡣ڿǵõķˡ
뷴Ǹϧÿһ۵ʱ̡ڵ绰档
Щļҵڱ仧ĹÿʣԼ̬óĸɲǲ֪ء
˼ȻûǮǴļļֵˡ
Щ˿һ㡣
Ҫûе飬֮ǰΰͺط顣
Ǹ＼ûõҲͰˣȻعҵûõӵġҪǵش쵼ˣ⼼ˡ
ݵĵһƼ˾仧н裬չҲɫϵкϢ
չǺϡһۻõ˺ܶҵϰա
ȻЩũڵ˵õģȥأҲռ˸֡
һˮһݵũȥأҲ΢ˡȻҲΪɱӵԵʡҵ·ˡ
չŶӻһι۵ĵλ
⻹ֻǱĺôӸ˵չʵʵڵĸ⼸еũˡδũͬ־۸а
źϢϴ׷׸绰ϲũҪôۡ
Ȱβι۵ŶӽӴˣǵķӳΡĲƷãҵǾÿ֯Щмƻģ֯ĽֲЩũƷࡣˣɲǰˣҪ߾ǵƷʡ
ۣҲҪ֯ģҪǼкϰһҵרŸЩũͬ־⡣ͺʡز˾
õ˼쵼Ĺ֧ͬ֡
ϾչЧ֪ũ֯۸׻ǮҲϣũ׬Ǯ
ɲģ˭ϣԼµϰնϺء
ָʡز˾ָϵģ˼ĶϡĶЩصũﲻ۷Χ֮ڡ
˲󼺣ȥʡүү̵˼ҰæԼ취ۡо飬Ǽֵ֮Ҳкġ
£չŶӲڻص˱ݡ
ǿûþͳȥˣȥ˺üˡ
ʱݺܶࡣҪĽӴЩĿˡ
Ǿ͸ıˡ
˰ȥϢԼԴӽӴЩĲιš
Ҳ˹ˡ
ǰŸְģ˵ˣʱͱʲôˡҪʵݣ档
ڱԼʲô쵼͵ΪĹ͡
ҪǷչĲã쵼ʲô˼˵ʵģµλסϣ˼ⲻгԳˡ
̾ʹˡ
һһܡ֣ι۵ŶӶˡҲȷʵ濴˵ũƷӡ΢ֲһǶطͨĹǡ
ڱݳ극֮󣬿ŶӲſʼųӲιۡ
ȥİݡڽĻվͺܳˡݵĽгıʾδũƷû⡣ݿԳеⲿ䡣ԺũƷ
ȥιء
ʢͷ󣬵ζܺáġι۵һȥƤֱӿ
гҲҧһڣЦȷʵ㷱Ҳһôʷ滹ɾûʲôعҵߵĺ²ʩʣҲܳúáֹ󣬿ζáҪȥЩܱ򲻵Ʒʡ
ҪǺ׼ֲ֯Щ߲Ʒʡ
гԳԸ׿˵ĳŵιŵЩ˷Ҷ˼˵Ļˡ
ڴʱܵе֧䡣ܵ˸ж΢Ĵܳ
룬ôǸгأԽӴǣǲιۡƷ˼Ҷôˣô޲ã
֮ԸҲȷʵΪƷŻᰲ˹ֲĵġΨһĹ̿ǵͨ⡣ڽͨˣǻʲô
뿪ݵʱ׼ڹһЩλͺͰǩЭˡ
ЩλǳгʳƷر
رǳгһﲻڻ¡
⻹ӦĺãԺĳпˣҲһЩЩ
гֵĲ̲סЦ
ͬ־˵е׬Ǯ쵼ζ
˰гɹӣҲǲġ
õóֵĻǱݡ
ݵвҩȻг㣬Ҳġ
˿ЩģѾҩʮġ
ǻǵһοֳɹģģֲ֯ҩء
ҲŵıʾݵҩĲҵѾܳˣѾȫأõϿˡ
ݱҲҩǡ
ģۣȫõıҩĲá
һȥι۹ιҩǡ
ķչѾݵҩĲҵչˡ϶а̯ҩĵģרŵŵꡣ
ڽ϶ŵһҩĵ㡣
˻߽һʷƾõҩǡ
ۼʶ˱ݵҩĵ֮ѹǶവЩ˾;ǩЭˡ
οںһҲʹʮѡʱߵʱ˲ٵزߵġ
߲Űֵߣͺһټ֮ǰչͬ־ᡣ
ΰ˰ųȥƷ֮⣬ҲΪ˶˵ġ
ЩɲϢЩ֮˷С
Ǽ͵λϢʱ򣬾һֱߵ˵ı仯淢չжáǳȥôһΣǲ֪ԭֹڱ仯طҲڱ仯
ҲңҺñݱ仯ˣҪȻݺľĶ󰡡
ټǿᣬļź͸֮Щھ˿ͷĽźɬ֮⣬Ϳʼϲ˵
ܷи˺ܶ·ӣܶ⡣ǲⶪˣҺܶ˾̡ǹº
浽ڸ㽨裬رϷö¥ú͹ܶǱ߹˿رࡣҲΪ˿ڶ࣬Ը澭÷չر졣
ĸɲ·ʽҲǲһԽǻԽĳˣҲ˼۱ҲС
Ҳвõģ˶࣬ӡ֮ǰڽϾͿ˵͵Ǯ÷չˣҲҪΰ⡣
ϰչĺܸ㣬ȥز˳תƣǱʳĺܿ졣̳Ҳǹ󣬵ǻǺܶȥ䣬ȥ򡣡
ѧУҲãдѧֹһкܶܶѧУ

࣬˵˵ꡣ
ϼɫҲĽ
˵ˣҲǸпĲˡȥᣬ֪ķչ仯ǿͬ־˵ᡣ
ݻǰһЩ˻ص𣿻ڱҿ϶
һֱţ˵Ĳˣſ˵γȥջٰ˵˵ԺǱҲ𣿡
˸ɲһ£Ȼ׷׵ͷ˵ġ
ʱ¹вУ˵оͶˡ
֪ǿ϶ǱݲЩ󡣵ϣܹԱġǰǱݻǽӣڲҲıǳȥлӴ棬иף֪δҪĸߡ
Ҳ̲סҪĽĳУǻᣬδҲǽӰֻ࣬Ҫúøɣ϶Ҳñݷչá
ȥ֮󣬶ддܽᣬ˵˵ԼδݵΡҲøûȥĸɲǿ硣ǱҪЩչõп롣
´ٳȥǶ˽⵱ǰʷ˽ǵķչ켣Ҳ֣ᷢκһԣĵƶԣҲҪѧϰ¸ľ顣
ǶɲδࡣҪģҲҪг徢ĵطٺãҲǱŬĽ۱ݷչˣǵĳɹ
Щ˵Щɲ鸴ӣҲмЩ嶯ر쵼˵ԼʵԱݵķչҲĵġ
ɳ嶯ǻͷŬдԼ⼸µ롣
Ƕ֮󣬸£õڿϣɲǿ
쳵ǲеģҪЩɲۿ硣
δҪĻᣬЩǸȥѧϰ
ŬΪɲǿ۽ʱ򣬰ݼжϵߣôһ
չĳɼﶼɾʮ㡣ϣܹɹ󻯡ܾܲôһΡ
·ԺҲͱϵͳģ֯ԵĽֲũ֮ǰЩ˳ŵʱ
ⷽо飬ǾͶ˵¶
⵹û⣬ҲΪ빮ɹͱ֯Եĸ㡣ÿﶼԳһʡز˾ʵĹ˾רչũƷȻֵЧ̫ˣΪҲԼһһܹ˾ԴǱں𣿡
쵼Ŀǡ
ԴȷʵҪȵһЩ
ҼһĹ˾ģ󣬸ÿչ
¶ˣͻͶƱܹ˾
¶ѹûô뾺ͶƱˡ˻վİݶûѡϡ
ϢʮϲҶǺŷǱݵ͡
ҪǵĲƷǲһҩģǶũٻе㾺ȷʵҲо顣
ЦôһᡣװݻվӦÿͨˣʱǵҩĿԸȥ˼ĿڼεũƷܹ˾Ǳϻ𳵵ٶˡ
ϢҲñݱصĸɲʮϲ
ۿɼķչ仯ݸɲǶɾʮ㡣
칫¥޺֮ʹ˵Ǯ˾µĵλԺء
ԺҶס·ӡ
һֹϰտܵ÷չĺôɲҲֱܹ۵ĸܵԼġ
Ȼǰỹ׬ǮԴиر°æʱ򣬶Ϊ׵쵼ָ£ҵҵù
ڱе£ũƷܹ˾ĵѡַҲܿ춨ˡг
ͨվĴܽ·ߡԱҪ滮޴ֿ⣬Ϊʱרֿ⡣
ʱ򼸸жᰲ˹
Ϊһʣʽ𶼳㣬ܿͿʼѡַ
Ҫǵλ¥ˡ
·ı˶˷ܵĶЩ볡ʩ顣
ֵģӿ꿪ʼûͣ
ǰӲſʼʲô﹫˾أҪˡ°вٹ
Ƕ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţšڴйܽλ﹤Ͼÿ˶Ǹ֣󲿷˻ҪһȶĹҺڵġǰἫ٣һܲһӣʵнӰƶȡںˣȻȥʲôӪλǹʿҲءһЩӪƵĹӪλҪá
½ĵλûʲôϵҶƾ·ܶ׳ͷ
ȥڼͼ߶Щ¶һһ

92ڱ˵Ǻʵһ꣬Ҳһ󲽵һꡣ
ũͬ־ҩֲӳ⣬Ҳ˵Ĳҵ
ֵø˵ǣݵĻվ׾ͨˡ
ʽͨ죬쵼ȥʽ
վȻǽڰݵģǴҶԼҲзݣûô˵վҪôá
Ϊ˼ʱЧһȺ쵼Ʊȥʡǵг
һ˷ܵľͺ͵һһġ;ķ羰
ٶȿ죬ɽɽˮţһ·ƽȡԭҪСʱĳֻ̣ҪСʱ
Ȼм仹Ҫϸеݻվʱ䣬ͺռˡ
վиɲǸϲҵѻվ˰ݡȻ׷׸пʲôʱԼڵҲܽվͺˡ
ҲĲг̣ȴӺƻ֮ｻͨ˾ȥݻվĹ·ߡ֤Ժз㡣ܾ𳵾𳵡Ҷȥ߿
ҲҪվͨϢұ˻𳵵ʱ١Щ˶ǰ˱ˡͺʹǰһַǷ
񻹴Ԫȥһλ𳵡
⺢ӴСǷɻȥġȻǵһ𳵡
Ԫڳϣ˵⳵ֱȥְ𣿡
ڻУȥʡתΪûֱȥϷĻ𳵡
ԪСѾСѧѬ֮ҲǸֱӽɻĺˡáʵʡʮı֤裬Ժ׬ܶܶǮһȥϷĻ𳵡
񣺡΢΢һ㶣Ȼ̲סЦã㳤󣬸Ǳ𳵡

Ϊ귢չĺãͳƲ룬ȥ귭˼
˵ũֲҩĵ˰͹ҩǵ룬Լҩҵҵķչ͹õˡŽƣݸɲ꽨ġ
ƾݵĲ룬˵ںռǰ̸ˣҲ̸ˡܻеȡ
ĸطũƽܸǧģ⻹ǸƽءȥɱҲԲ١
뿴ĸͣʱȫгϰշ¸ģ
͹Щ͹ñݸɲеˡ
ҲԽеˣֱܽ˼ָʾ
֮ǰͼƻĽҽѧͿԿʼˡ
гԼѧ𣿡
ǵģԼҽѧ
һֱΪûһôѧĳǲġݵһʦѧԺרơںʡҲŲ
ⷽʽͶ룬ԺϵͳͲϵͳͬ־һϼһ£һԤҪ֮һˡ
гϲɫоԼҵ˵ˡ
ڶ֮ǰȫнסѧУȫֽ֧ʱǻ;Ĺˡû뵽гԽܸء
гѵû¶۵ı飬˭ǮԽԽأܲϵͳ쵼Ҳ˵ˡô
ǿΰ⣬ﾭ÷չԽˣرгһΰһҪץͬ־ҹѲ߲ܼϡ˴Żû򵽶Ǳ˳˻ⷽöˡ
츱гɫȻӦˡ
ɽ·⣬ȻһǿѡһЩ޵ĵطһޡ²ޣҲҪũͬ־оסṩʩ˷Դ
˶ˣͿɽ㡣
Ҳü·ܲΪ˼˼Ҿ·̫˷Դˡ
Ŀǰûô
֪ȽѣҲƻһһʵ֡Ҳ༯˼棬ôЩ⡣ҪܹЩ⣬ǶǱ˵Ǵһˡ
гЦҲֹ˼Ű취
ֻһʱ벻׼ȥ߻οʵʱ򣬿˵
ҲżһڳԲһӡ
˴־ս׼ȥʡȻʱ򣬾յ֪ͨˣֱӡУѧϰ
ʡ֯쵼̸ˣҪŵģʡǿǵǹؼʱ̣ûšⲻǹˣ顣ʡܹЩɲɳѽ
Ҳʱȥ꿪ʱʡܻѧϰᡣֻ̫æԺҲû⡣
ˣҲЩ
ܹУѧϰһѧϰĻᣬҲ֯Ͽɡ
Ҳһɵˣעѧϰ֪Լ˶һЩʱľ֮⣬ûʲô츳ĵطԻҪͣѧϰѧ飬ѧ˼롣
ҲȥȫЩɵĺõĹǸɸɲǽⶼǱĻᡣ
ϵллʡ쵼κࡣ
֯쵼ַ˷ĵʵܺãʵʵġɼҲۡ
Цⶼ֯ṩĻ࣬İࡣ
֯쵼Цⶼ⻰Ҳһ顣ƶȷʵҪзƶҲǲеġԺ˵ҪȥһЩУʱƶͳˡֻܲطܸԣĵطǲǣ
Ͽɵĵͷ
֯쵼Цˣ԰ҪͬĹ顣ܹ÷ƶܹ÷УҪĺøɲһ仰𣬵ԱһשҪᡣǲǣ
⻰˵ͳʶʲô
쵼ȴ˵ˣҲûʡ
뿪֮֯ڻոǻ˼ţҲԼδҪйܾͲһƶˡһʱ仹ЩãȻϾƶϰˡ
ͻȻ̫õĻϰߡ
߳ţʡ֮ͻȻЦˡ
ȥʲôϵֻҪԼıְС
ÿطˣ˴һ·ȡĺûԼĹ
ʡʡҲ֯㱨
˵ʡһ䣬ʲôӦ
֯쵼ͻصͦƽĽˡ
ʡͷҪءǸִͨġ
ʵʡҲǺܿΪĸɲġƸɲܶ࣬עһҲĹټһʡйȥעأ
Ҳɳʵĸɲ̫ۣ˲òעˡ
עˣ
ʡһƶͦ࣬ȱһЩȫľ
ʡ˵˼ȫȱݡҲϣδܹеصһһģҪӰࡣ
͵ĸɲλҲ˼ˣȻþΪĺøɲˡ
ҪУѧϰϢҲܿ촫ȥˡϾһ߾Ҫء
Ϣһñ쵼ɲĽˡ
Ƕ̲סˣⱲӶûȥ뵳Уءܹȥ׶ѧϰģǶҪصĺӡ
δǰ;
ݵûиɲ쵼Ƿġ
ķչͱ仯벻г
УѧϰĹڿ꣬Ѿú˹ˣҲôҴææġ
ͷϸýӵĻҪӡЩҪǩֵģҪ̬ģܲΪҵˡ
ûץԼһһȵϴҵýӵľͽӳȥ
гŹʱ򣬼˶һӡ
һһǽз䡣ǰѹءǩַľǾˡ
ǵû⣬ȥ
Ц»ˣ۰㹤ˣ
ҿҪлλİæˡ
̹ҶЦ
ҾãԼ֮ͬгҲΪλһֱ̹ġǸֵκֵ֧쵼
Щ˾һߵŷ
гԾˡ
Ҳû뷨ԣҾúһ쵼ֵˡ
ΪҪѧϰ¶ٵǰˡŻռȥꡣϾһһæߵĳȴҲһһ
ԪҲͰź˹ֱݽһ
һĻԪүӡ
ͺֹ˵оԼ岻ǰˣͻȻ׼үӺ̫̫ྡ
⻰ֱģԪ֣Ԫͬˡ
һһǰռ͡
Ԫ鶼ûˡλռͶӡ
Զڴ·ˡ
ѾɺСĹĦг·Ͻӵˡ
ʱĺԼ˵Լĳɾ͡
ҲˣԼġͷҸѧԼ˼ʮͷ˺öǮˡ
׼ȥЩƷֻһ⡣㲻֪ɣڳԽԽˡǰһءǰֻҪͳԡڻ˵ݵóء
С˵ʱ̲סЦ
ĳúﳵ
ﳵǰ·
ڳǰСȻתͷԪͷμʱ򣬲߰ꡣ
ԪʣҶ󣿡
ЦſԪ飬ֶûƯءǻԪڸʲôţ
ԪΪƯ׼
ԪүӺһźӵҲ˵ǻڸʲôڶȨүү治ء
һڲ˵仰͵˼ſڡ
ү̶Ź档
˼ʹˣȽԽˣβûȥ·Ͻ
ǿ³ˣԭѾǵ۾ֱˡ
˵֣Ԫ֡
ۼԪԽԽˡֺ̫̫ǺǵģſﾹȻ
·ǿע⵽ˣ˺˵װ˼ˡÿɡ
Цŵͷÿˡ
ǳԲˡ̫̫
ԪԳԶҲǶġ
ӴιǼԪǴ̫̫ŵСԪԪͷ̫̫Ҫϰ
үүԪүӵạ̊́һȵӡ
Ԫүӵϸþòˡ
ƺǵռסѧġ
үүǰ˵ͣǼһһ氡
׼Ԫүӣ
λռкЩ
ռ͵ĸɲҲһˡкܶ඼ĸɲȻϸɲǶˡ
ЩϸɲǲһУѧҲ˸СõĻдѧҴѧ١
Щ꣬ռ͵ĽһֱĲһһĴѧҲȱ˲ˡһռ;ǹġ
ˣռ˲лúõž˵˵
Ļ˵ı仯ô·ߵ¶
͸˵ʡ֪ͨģ˵ռȫĸԣ塣Ҳʾ壬ҪΪһξ㣬Ժιۡ۴˺ЩǵСԺ˶һ·߲·ߡ
ϢҲϲ
ѹһ·ַ˲ٱ仯ء
ٺ٣仯ͦ󡣡Цˣۻ˸Ļչء涼һЩϾɵ豸㵱칫ζءۻȡ˸ƺţС֮ĸ
񣺡
֮һھ͸һȥǸνĻչҲ濴õһЩ칫Σˮ´ɱӡ滹д֡
ЩĪЩܸ߳С
ǵ𣿡
ҪҪȻռ͵ĸı￪ʼ۵˵ͷɶͷܴɡ
񣺡
СԪŲſĶĲˡǰõıӶƤˣӺӶˡ
ǰడ
Ԫˡ
ԪҲ͸Щǰ
ȻơڼĻпһ仨
ĶһЩƬ
ܶռ͸ʱڱ仯ƬСռͼҡһοӰ»볡
ÿһƬ඼Ӱ
һԪСһκԪǩֵͬĺա
Ԫ˷ָܵ棬ְ衣
˿ˣ΢΢㱣ȻЦǻû뵽ء
ռ͵ı仯֮񲻵òпʱÿʱÿ̶ڷž޴ı仯һһ꣬ѾԽӽеǸʱˡ
ڵͬ־ҲĺƬϿһˡ
ֻĺڵͬ־ףɫƺҲͦΡΪ˴ѧԵʣһ秵ʡ
ѧͬһרҵԾΪȤܹԪһ٩٩̸۾صˡ
ЦΪͬ־ĳˣѧУѧĲ
ΪƵĺڵͬ־ЦѧУڽ̵ĺá
΢΢㱣ȻЦ˵þûĸУˡÿȥ׶ѧϰʱȥ
ڵȵҪȥ׶
ǰȥѧϰ·ݾ͹ȥʱҲȥѧУ㡣ˣдݡһѧУһרҵģƽʱҲɡ
ڵһ㶣Ȼһ
ʴѧУûкʲô˽ӴȽϽǵûʳڡʵڱŤ
ϱӵİϱӵûкʲô˴ƺûôĴ
ˣԼҪȥģʱۡ
꣬ռ͹ʮ֡
ֵĪռҵĳﹷͬ־ʮŶˡ
׵ĶҲǺһССﳤ΢΢Ƥװ׵ģ۾Բģʮֿɰ
ӻرˬˣ󷽷ĺá
񵱼͸˸
Сﻹ˼ӡ
˵ԼԶȹʱһʱø
С￴ԼδɵͷˣŽллá
һߺҲллáʮֺ񡣺ǻر
̲סЦ
ϾͺԪۣ˵оһ棬Ӷһٻġ֪ԼԪԺ˭
˿һ˯С˵ԪȻ㡣
ȻЦˣ㡣
ԪЦ§šĽᾧ
Ȼϣô Ҳô˵ˡ
ƬͷΪʲô
뿴Сʱʲôӡ
֪ʮһʱʲôӡ
˽ÿһʱ̡
һ£ϷԽԽ˵黰ˡϽ˯ˣϦءҪġ
áԪһͻȻʵ˵缸ôͦǻġ
ʮһôࡣôӡ
Ժһ£ôǻһĹ˵ˣ缸Ҫң˵ѵʱҵСүˡǻôǴӸɲ㷸ˣզʲôۻһҲҪࡣ
Ԫ飺
ι꣬ûл
һκͼ绰˵˼ǽ񣬲ܻؼңҲܺͼϵüġ
²ʲô
һΪܹĳɾҸˣһҲΪĸҸж
ܹչô죬ٲ˿Ա˽סǺͼ˾࣬궼ܼ档
ռ˶ϰˡ
°˵ʱ۾ģϻǽԺġ
öгϢˡ
ӻɶ֪ģôáܲԼҹúãɶҲ븶ɡ
ΪҪѧϰռҲûҪϻغˡ
غư깤ԪˣҪȥ׶ѧϰ
ǰı̺үү
һ᳣ǵġ
̺ҪҪ
үү̸ˣЦֱͷ飬Ҹأɶġ
һ
ϳʱͻȻʵ񰡣Ǳߣϵ𣿡
һ㶣ҡͷûСЩȷʵûϵʵҲԼĺˡͻȻ״ϵеһݣҲơ
ɺһֱû绰
̵ҲҲУȥûɶ¶ˡ
˳ͷүվţȻû˵ĳЩʱǲҲǸԶĶӡ
ǰү̺ͺǱ߻ϵʹˣɣŶ
ڷɻȷɻʱ͸Ǳߴ˸绰
Ǻռһº֮󣬸µĵ绰롣绰ͷһԲɣ
ң񡣡
绰ͷһ٣񰡣Щꡭĺðɡ
šһռ͹ˣˡ
֪ˣһȥǵġ
ллͺ뺣ռҵĹϵһռҺүү֮ĹϵͬҲ

ֵô꿪ʼһÿǴһѡĻṩһ˻
绰ͷ˵ã͵þܾǸøǵġ
ܹô֮ġ
ûʲô飬ìܣԼһݣҲܾ
վǿڵ绰˵һ˺š
¼˺ţû˵ʲôԼͬĹ˵绰
ߣվǿͷѾףҲʼֳ̬ˡ
ΪĲģɫ˼ơ
ûиԼ״ǰ껹ӱȣĺܲ⡣
ҪˣڵĹӪЧԽãܶ˿ʼ¸ڡûʲôҲ¸ڣֲȥ˽ٹѧ˼º⣬û·ʹųȥ¡±˷֣Ҳ˴֣λ
û˵λԺķȻҲҪȥˡ
ֻӡ
ΪЩĲ룬ϸΪ˸ԵĶŮǮ˾ûʲôˡ
⼸ǵֻ˺СܾɵͲ¥⻹ΪһǮǸ񵱼ױûͳȥҲûܴչӵǮ
ҲΰңŮǵ뷨
ǴûҪϡ
֮ӺͶϱ;ѸٰߣӰᵽλǰᵽ˼ҡ˲ϣǶⷿӶŽֵ±˶ԷÿµһΣ߶߶
ԼС;Ķ¶һǮӣվǿζ̲סʡԼĽʧܡȻСŮڱֽϺ͵ֵЩ󡣸벻ͨ
ԼΪʲôߵһ
ΪʲôͬԼӵġ
ٴ̲סĨһ
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