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1 

ױ̨ǰǰĺ֦ͭеŮѩһͷںڵĳϺõĶӣһģ
һżĿò
ǣȴ
ۻһᣬٴ۵ʱͭŮòȴδģԹŭĿ峺
С
ļǵԼо޽ˢ˽۵޵ѹѹһƬˣĳӡĺǡϥ¶Сһ߿һ߻ںĸתض꣡Ϊӿ޵̫ңڴǶڿʼͣضǧꡢꡣʱѾ˵ˣȴֹȨ㳯Ұ꣬Ǹն˭Ļǧꡢꡣ
ǳ˵ΰˡ
ֻǹôҲû뵽ԼһȴԼûǵһµĵطǰƿصĹǲһģ˴ΪɡĹġΧңǸγ㶦ľ档ǺúɣܻǧꡢꡭȻǰǣӵԭһ˫Եķϲ
С㻹û𣿡üͷվ£ǳСѾǣʲôʱˣźС̫̫밲
µСѾǵͷվǲ˵ʲô
ԴС㶨ԬүһգƵԼĽ򡪡ԬҶүԬδ񣬱˶ħˡԼδ׷ԼĽ߰ĽǴԬδ
ʱǰڶ࣬ù˼Ҷ棬һֱչС㳤½̫̫ĵ˹ȥҹѺ½̫̫һμ˹˲֪˵ʲô½ֱ̫̫ѪԲѡ
ĸųٹΪڵĵʶıȥˡ½̫̫ųٹԼĴЩڶԹӦ˭뵽Ȼôһ治ТĶ
½̫̫Ǹˡ½̫̫ٿҲֲЩСѾͬ飬Ϊ˼ҺլԬ̫̫˵㡣
ʹ½̫̫򻱳߸ϵʦǹүӵƽޣǵԬҵˡһȫǵĵʦѾΪȡˡ
ԣ½̫̫û˵ķ⣬ֻܹӲʸŹ˼ҺԬô
ϽȥˮְθɤţСѾ˵ǹ˼ҵˣڹ˼ҡǵҶģһ̫̫һȥ
СڵĹô̶
ֿѵСѾǣȴҲٴСѾǣƿˣԬ̫̫ϼԺڵĹδ½̫̫
ӵվһơ
ڣŶ롣
ڵĴĹţΧĹ߲Ϊ¹ȥŹСԬδԳºһֱؽա½̫̫ǻҪš
ֿŲԶĹ
Ůһͷںڵĳ΢΢һ˫ü
˵˼ҵС㲻ֹߣòһһڡǹСԪеȾ㳾ǲ֪ΪΣʱĳָñһµĹˣҹ¡
Щʧ񣬰ЦٺÿʲôأһľԵķϲһӶľ硣
͹˼СѾµԬδǰŻһ˵ĵһʺľ
ʵĸ׻ʱ渹еĹµ£ȷԬҵүԬδ񡣵ǣڹԬ˾Ϳʼˡ֮ųٹΪȥ½̫̫ҲȾҲԬ˸Ǻ޲ûڻ顣ȻԬʱ˻飬϶ᱻ壬½̫̫ˣǱ۸һĹ
Ԭһè̫ӡ
ľˮĹ˼СԪȡ˹λӣԬδסִһԬδͲ꣬ðѾز۶үԬ͹ס
½̫̫͹·ǻܺԬմ״ʣʳǡԬδȢԼıãһļܸĹԪ
Ƶ̫꣬үȢԼıԬ̫̫˼үȢԼıԬԬδһȢԼıùԪ
˼ҺԬǿǿ֣Գ׵¢򻱳еĵҩ⡣
ȫ£ȴȴʶ̧٣ԸԬףǴ˶磬ù̫ү档
½̫̫ͻȻڣǻֵĸѿ
Цʵ۹ô֣鶼ıˡΪԬѾס˹˼ң˶ΪԬ˹ϵ
һû׵Ůˣô˼ȥ֮ӵԬδأ
С㣡ЩֺĿŲԶĹѵһ˵Щȥ̫̫밲ɣүѾȥˣ˵ǻأ
еүǹδ򡪡Ԭ

2 

һԬʱ򣬹ȴûʲôı䣬ǸճմӣȫûаŭͲġ
־ù죬Īǹ˹һº󣬹Ѿʵˣһ̳ԼĲɣΪЩ½̫̫ͰѹĲ֪ߵغˣִôܻ׵ķԼĺ¡
۹ôڣǴѶⱲӶܺԬδйϵˡ
ĸôˣѾ룬źϴ̧ͷʳ֣ô˵ģ
̾һСٺͿˣЩ̫̫ˣʳˡ
ĸӲʣͨʳͷ±ٹȵѾߵӹһöüͷ»һ֧ܽݸСѾߣ˵־ᶨô̰ͼʹˣҲЩģˣ
֪ĸʳ֪˻Ϊıɱĸأ
Ͼеˣֻʳټ򻱳ȴûһʳʦ
ʱֲףеġĸ½̫̫Ԭ̫̫
½̫̫ڹ˼ҵĵλȻѾǰ½̫̫ϾʦҲ˲ԵΪҪ½̫̫ǻٲɣʱΪƽϢ粨Ԭ̫̫Ҳסˡ
뵽¶Цݣūôʳ½̫̫ūΪ
ҵ뷨ûͻǴˣ˲ܶײӵĹضǵˡױ̨վųݸ㷽Ϊʲôˣ˵ˣ
ǹ˼ҵˣȴɻڹ˼ңûū͵ȵĴڡЩԬ̫̫ҪӹҲšԵԸ
Щںԭ֪ԭǸƢôҲƵˣԲЩū޹زɷԲΪ˼ҵС㣬ĸʦʵûбҪίԼ
ôҲû뵽˳ֲϲԵĹʱȻ˵Щ
ŲԶĹüĿģǹȴƺ˸ı䣬ƴǰǰ㵨ӡԱݷڰҹĻų̬ʮ㡣
һ۳֣ǹ˼ҵˣȻҲǣ游˵ںԺ֮жҪĸΪĸƣЩҲδ˾ʲôء˭ΪĸĸǰǣҶȻһҲģ
ūңʶҪƽˣֹڵϣū֪ˣ
򻱳ǵĳĽԶȻֻĽҵȴû˲Ҹֱ档ΪĹǰĽҵС
еĽǸʺͲҩǡ
˼ҺԬȻеʦվһЩʦĽڻʳڵĵʦվвġ
ʮǰĽԶ䴳һӡУǹĸųٹðΣհĽԶ˳ġ˭Ҳ֪ųٹʦôᶮ󷨣ĽԶȴǷųٹĽԶõһЩУżĽҶĽԶҲ˼ڴֻǣЩĽԶһֱδ뿪򻱳ǡ治ڴĽԶĽųٹ飬ԲԸ뿪ҲΪţЩĽԶߵĲƺЩĽԶ
ǳ֪ĽԶȷǺܸмųٹľֻ֮Ҫȥæһֵģǵ˼ңĽԶҲں
ҩҪ߼ۣ͵ͨСҩݣҲͨС
үӺԬˣȻΪһ˺ĽԶ㻵ϵ
ҲΪֵЩڵѾɫ׵ıˡ
ˡǶˣĸʦ򻱳ﲻ˶ǷĶ顣ҲԬΪʲô˻飬һҪ͹йϵԭ
½̫̫ûʲô󰭣ֻǴ˵ԴϢաһСѾ߼ֲ˵˵һ䣬СҪȥ½̫̫밲𣿡
ȻҪģСѾ߶һһݸСѾߣȳɫˣ֪ڸȥ˭밲
ʲô֣
СѾش𣬡ū澽С¡
С£Ҵ·ɣЦЦȥ̽ĸ
СôҲû뵽Լֻһ仰õ⴮鲻ͨģмѪģͨƷ١ҪǣƵļ۸
С¼Ľӹ̧Źĸ·
ûпڵϵĳ֣óվҲǣҲǡһʱ־ԼǱˣûո߸ϵơ
ֿŹ뿪ӰСˣ
ȻΣȴûٸҸͳ֡

3 ˻

ӹסϼԺ½̫̫סԺֻж̶̰·̡
С¸ŹԺţ㿴˲Զվŵοӡ
΢΢ĿСµļɵǰһ塣
ôҲû뵽ƲԼĹԼ˵һʱҲЩסˡ
ݸȻһȥ̽ĸɣ
ЩĿɿڴĿǰĹͬʱҲڴС
ź½̫̫òĲڣʮֵ׳˶ĵӡӣⱾһò˽²˶Ըľګʵ㹻ǿѾļ½̫̫ţͱϳ˼ˡ
Ȼɻ̬ȣɹǹ˼ҵС㣬ֻܳĬĵ˵ͷ
˸ߵԺ½ֱ̫̫˳Թ˵̫̫⼸ûЪϢãû£Щ̫̫
⼸Ϊ飬½̫̫ûٺԬһйүʵƣ
½ִ̫̫ҪŹ̫үǻعԬδ׵һա
ã˳ĵ˵ͷĸ鷳ָĸš
ԣһ˿㵵顣
Ȼ˳Ƕ½ϷȴûôЩԺǣ˵ҲδͺɽյĹݷһˡ
ǰССĹŮŮ۵λϣȻʮóԹɫڷֵɻ󣬱ڽͣһѾˣҵԶҵģ˭ߡҵģʹҲʧȥġ
֣ˡֻҪĸߣȵңұ󡣡
Щ⣬С㣬
ЦЦ֣֪ˡ
֪ǲԸԼģϾԭЩ½̫̫̬ȵȷܲƣʮںԬδʵԭȷǸСֻˣԭ˽±˲ĸµļױ͵ҩҩ͸ԬδЩԬδҲδܾԭ͹ȥĶ˽ȴ¶һʮӡԽǵòԽҪԬδԽǰڳһ߸ϵӣԭ͸ҪõϿɣǰԭ̸Ԭδһö۵塣
壬ǵÿյĻȥһ̰ɣЦ˵ȥö
ֺжź½̫̫ˣȻҲΪ̶飬Ҳĺ
ǹ̵˶Ƶ壬Ҫ׼͸ԬδģǣΪö壬˲½̫̫͸Ķ
ֿǰĹЩźԼ˵֪˵ˣһּ
֪Լֹ˹תмִţȻЩãɻǵͷã
ûжͣΪٶﲻʵжá
ǸʤļصˣǲԸúԭһĽҪԭúõĻȥҪԭ𣬸ԭúõչ˺½̫̫
ΪԭͬҪĻţ΢ӡ
ȵ̵ʱƹ˳ȥСȡĴʦСööȲȴܽʱܵ𶾵ļʡ
ֻЦЦҵȷȡģȴٰöˣ
£ƹɫˣˣС㻹ûп壬ǲ𣿡
ǣҡͷ̵ȻŵģȻҲҵƹˣֻǣĸѾˣȻҲͲȥˣԲ
СҪˣǲһġʦӲ׳Сã´ξδˡƹ˵ҪĻ۸ٵÿɳ
ɾɰɣ˵ƹ㿴Ÿ۾ͺˡ
ƹüͷɬЦЦ֪ˡ
ĹͨĻҲǽԪʯĹΪ⣬УڡĻӽɭ֣ΣյĵطеĻ΢õ㣬ڹڣĹĻʳǣǵſȥĵط
˽˵Ĺʳڣ繷𵤱ߡԣڹˣٻԼгһȥʳǣȥоѾ˲ˡϾµԪʯڻʳѹûҪʳõĶϵԪʯݷһĴڡ
ƩĴ󲮸ڹڣ˵ҲмöеԪʯ
иŮСô
̧ۣĵطȥƼһŮվڲԶ߻վ˼ģꡣ
΢΢ĿӼҳŮ֡ԬҵС㣬ԬδĵԬá
С㰡ЦЦЩܵ˵Ǵɣ
ɣԬÿŹһ˿񣬡Ǵǲ֪Ҹջ̣ԲҸģ
ǲ֪ܣѾˣҸŲš
ѵ֪ҸĽЩ½̫̫˽صģ

4 

Ԭãһ˿⡣
ԬԬδĵãЩûԭԭΪԬδ˽ԬòίֻܻؼҷйΧԬߵļλ꣬вԬúԬδʶġ
Сԣҳԣǻɲ˵Ԭã˿ģƺԬõĻûɰţϾ̿ɲԬҵĲҵôֻԬҵҲ𣿡
㣡Ԭû뵽ҷĹʱȻ˵
վԬߴɫ۵üͷڿ˵һ䣬СŸԡ˵Сǰӱ˲ٶͷܽôС޶ǴȥǻԹ˼ҵð
żǾӪ̵ģͤǶżҵͷԣ׷ԬõڶҲʮְμġ
ֻǣλƺƵĶͤ˵Ļȴʮ̵ζ
˭֪ЩѺ˲ٶڵ̣Ҵ඼òˡ£ô飿õĹ˼С㣬˿ǿЦ
ضүĻСġƹĴ˳ԶͤЦЦСҪ塣
ͤüʶһ䣬СҪ壿ʲô壿
֪ͤĶ½̫̫ĸųٹģݺݵĲȹһţøԬó
ƹӻҶĽ˿ľȡһöӵİ壬˹̨ϡ
£ԬҲ̲סˣЩĿŹҪö壿Ƿ𣿡
ҵĶҪԬãЩε˵СϲȥԼãСѾʼ𣿡
㡭ԬЩܻö壬Ҫ͸ҡ
˵ȴͻȻͣ
ö۸񲻷ƣԬüʹóԪʯҲδ
öȴмʵı𶾵ϮԬδ߶塣ֻǰǰԬδϵþѿ󣬱ڶʱҵһöʵġԬ˽º͹˵飬ҲԬò²ǰ㣬ϽֵǮĶ̶ö塣ǹ˼ҽ˹ѾԬδˡ
ǹҪ͸ԬδĶôȥû´ظ̣۸Ҫɡ
̫ˣԬߵĿŹ֪Լ򲻻ΪҪǮȥеԵʣͷҲԣ԰θɤôҪͷڵģ
һӣ
΢΢ĿǰԬЩʧЦ
Ȼڴڣ˷ųĽС㣬Ϊе˶Ķáڣκ飬Ӳͷ֪ʲôǺڡ
ƹ񣡡Ŀڿֲ´ƹϣҼǵһǧԪʯ߿۳ɣҪ߰١
ɣһҪ죡
ƹĿ˿Ԭãһ۶ͤ̽ʹСҪöĶҪȥɾͺˡ
ԬÿŹ̨ϵ壬ʮֵĸӣ͵͵ĵطҸ粻ǰôˣ㡭
ѹûԬ˵ʲô׷ƹ񣬡ƹΪ岻ֵ߰Ԫʯұȥطۡ
ƹļĴ㣬ŵóװ߰ԪʯǮݸΪö壬ǿһǧļ۸ġԬҵļҪӣĸߡ
ԬüԪʯֱţ̧סȥ·Ůˣ
ԬȻûȴңǸ䶮صˡԬãҡҡͷԬҵļҽҲˡ
֪Ƕ˿ڳԡ
ʱͻȻһӵˮڹĶȴԼᣬ̫ڹ졣
̧ͷ㿴һλŰɫ۵꣬ļ信ʣĿǡ
ֻ̫һԵᡣ
Ԭüٿڣߵߣ硣
Ҹú˵ǸԬδŲԶĹǸ⣬ɺͷһºֻͣҲ֪ǲǿġ飬һҪԸ쳤ؾá
Һ㣬ûԵ֡
ݸš
˵꣬оҪ뿪ʱԬȴһס˹Ҫˣ
㲻ߣҵǸҲҶǸ

5 

üͷ¶ֲõ顣
ڹվ˳ÿ
ͤжԬ¶׹⣬ϽǳУʲôֵõ˵
ʲôЦôүҪս𣿡
緢ĶͤڴʱȴͻȻסˡ
ź½̫̫߶꣬ȻǸļȴս˵߼Ĺ̫үеĶ֡ͤոǺսѰ·
ÿһοڣĲơ
ԬδüͷдŹ뿪ɻ󣬶һɻֱ
ãȹ뿪󣬶ͤϽߵԬߣǼƽϣһסɭӣһ
Ԭõ۽ǵˮһԬδĿ˶ͤϣһ£ôʧķһ
Сɲǵʧķӣʵܴġͤ˼˵Сܹأ
ͤһ䣬ԬδȷԼĲ룬Ũҡ
ʱȴŹȥӡ
򻱳ȻûʳʦȴĵطֻЩ۸ȴˣЩ˼ٻ½̫̫ЩӣΪ̫үΪûбҪԪʯͶ뵽һҲϡ
ƹּۻۣԪʯļ۸ö߸˵Ļ˹˸
ڻȥ;Уվûסһ䣬С壬Ϊö𣿡
ԣеûʲô˵£ĸΪҵǡҿ˵е棬ĸ
ֻǣûʲôԪʯˣֻöЩϧˡ
м˵˵һӣ¶һ˿ЦݡϵĵӡӣҲЦһЩЩˣСˡ
ЦЦȴû˵Ĵ㡣
ͼʵʳáΪʳöˣܸıһ˵ʣǶ̫˸档
ȥԺʱ̵ҲԬĶС
ԬЩȵĿŴСˣ˵˶үȴûкһүСִ
С˵ͷǵģ
ô£ԬüͷĪǹĻˣ
ԪһĸʲôأôĻӣǹӸĽ򿴵ģ
ĸųٹǸҪģŮҲǸҪĶҲˮԼҲĽ򣿡
ԪǹĸųٹͻȻ֣ĸҲңͽΪͽԪȹˣƫƫųٹȴ˺Ԭδ£ЩûΪ˿
쿪ۣѡ˽ǹ
Ԫ뵽Ц
˳һźųٹһĵҲûıˣôܺԼĽᲢۣ
һļһһԬһѡ˭ȻԶ
˵δ᲻ᡭԬЩǵʹԪ㣬˹Ĺƣ
ϾöԬδǷǳҪģԬȴòôԪʯöŮױ
ĸף֪˼롣ԪЩգĽ֮ӣϻۡôйıƣңԪʯѾˣҲˡ
Ľ򲻻һ࿴һ۵ģĸףҪŽ㡣
ԪߵԬߣĽֻн㣬ôܿϹַ
ԬŮεεòѾﵽļĥŹⱲֻһҲһ
ĸ㰡ǹңԪ㸩Ԭ˵ĸ׵ĹȥĽ򣬲ԬϽȥԺɣ
ԬĵʧĸɸɾҵС
ʱԺڣѾź½̫̫
½̫̫Դϵĵغ󣬾ķ˱ٹȵʳҲûʲô뷨ˡЩ½̫̫ûյһö˼
չóʱ½̫̫ۿʱͺˡ
֣۽Ҳ⡣
ôҲû뵽򵥵Ķȴ߸ϵ¶˵ģ
ųٹ鲢½̫̫Ů˵·̫̫й¡ųٹ츳ܺãľͳΪʦо󷨺Ϊ½̫̫޸˹үӣųٹҲᵽ˹˼ң󻹺͹˼ҵӹ˼Ƕ˹ϵ˹
˼Ҫ򻱳վȽŸҪĵҩάֵλԼƵҩ½̫̫ųٹ飬Ϊûڣϵĵˡ
ųٹ鵱ö鵤󣬱ȫʧ׵Ĺˡ
½̫̫ΪųٹԼĴЩһֱֲ
½̫̫óһĴƿҲûʲôԪʯˣöҩȥԪʯٰԪʯͳȥԼ߷
üͷ½̫̫ģҲѲ³½̫̫һЩҡ
̲ס̾һĸҲã
ʱСѾţ˵ϷˣԬҵүˣ˵

6 δ

СѾߵ˼ֲΪټԺ˭֪½̫̫͹¼Ĳ⡣ֻǣүȴԬڹ˼ҳס˵ǵȹǺ󣬱ùԬס
СѾͷЩת۽ǵ͵͵ĴԬ
ԬķɫͳЩһԴ˼ְءԬտɫһ޼ʵĴ󺣣һƵģԡ
ò˵òĻԬȷԬδ㣬ż次
ȻĹĺÿʵ̫ˣǵֻˣȴָԣʹԬٺÿΣϾҪʵò
СѾͷջĿ⣬ﰵ̾һ
Ҳ½Ϸ˵Ԭȷż˵ζ
òı˭ڣϧķϲ
ԬòҲȻеɣϧǸ֮ˡǱı
Уˣաᱻ׽ٻᱻѩĶ֮ʱƺƴ󣬻ۼҾŮҪôıĳɱҪôǲɽй¶ϡ
ƫƫģԬԬԬԬδ͹ס
˽˵Ԭ͹ǼģﻨƿһͦãȻûʲôµĿ
ҷˣҪЪϢˡ½̫̫üͷȥɡ
СѾӦһתԬ˵ⷬԬɫɷף֪ˣȸˣ̫̫밲
СѾͬԬ˵ˣԬįգߵĻȴôҲ˵
ڣ½̫̫Ź֣ĸԲס㡣
˵зһЩ±ܳ׵ˡ
ģĸһ㼰֮ǰԬ뿪½̫̫˵̲סһ⺢ӣҲǸģ
½̫̫ȥ̽Ԭ̽Ӹ½̫̫ԬĽԨ޴ĸĸסɽˡΪбԸ˭ȴΪصˣɭֵĽ֮Сֻ˭Ҳû뵽ȵȴ𱨣ֹûимĽԨ޴ĸľ֮ĽԨ޴СԬǡԬδˣһȺһ۾Ԭ
Ǵʱ˼ҲͬԬ£ԬԬҷӣĽ
½̫̫ԬĸҲԬҲûԵʱûз䡣˭룬̫үȻԬס˹˼ң³׻˹
ҶĸģȻ֪½̫̫ʲôԬû̫Ϊ鲢ԬĴֻҪš
Ԭҡ˼ңԬδ
ԭһԭԹǾѡ˷ȴϲ䡣
½̫̫ʹˣΪ⼸ղţʶ˵һỰƣֱ̧֣ӰѵҩݸУ͵У˵ҼġõԪʯøС㡣
Ȼ˵ʲôĸġ½̫̫ŹͲҪȴˡ
½̫̫Ѿ㲻ټ˵ʲô
½̫̫ںլֺ꣬γ֪ɽ׸ıƵĵʵ½̫̫ʱҲĳ׵Źı䣬ֻԸ⿴ûκԪʯĽͰ͵ġ
ùһǧԪʯ̾һ
ӵԭڸв֪½̫̫ĳ谮Ȼ󻹺ݺݵ˺ߵˡ
Ԫʯ˼ȴƮԶˡĹûʵϣû˿ԱԽʵڸŶһֱϡ˵ԬǱıѾˣȻԸ
ϾԬ˶ԣԬǲֹƷǿ½̫̫͹ĴڣϲֱŪڹ֮е
ȳһιȥҹʱȴСµ֪ȥ˹˼ҵĲ¥żȥϼʱ
һҵԬСĺʹǰһˡ
ôһˣԬĹڼ󳳴֣˸ԬٴȥԬδΪԬе˵ǰһöһƷĵҩһǧԪʯһĵҩȻֵǮͨĵҩ棬õҩ޵ߵӣܺáϾҩֶǼƷĵҩȴ޵ûκ˺²޵ߵľȻһöһĵҩȴҲ˲͵ļ۸
ԪʯĹȻûкʹǰһ͵ԬδߣԬδԭ£ԬЩɻ
Сڿ鼮һȥҡԴֵǣС˵СѾˡ
ԭԬųǰ仰¶ֲмһķϲѧٶôѵŤת𣿱Ͼ޵·ϡԽ࣬Ҫҩ͸ԵʺеġŬҲǰ׷ѹ򡣿˺ԬɫȴЩѿˡ
ż죬Ȼˣ
Īǣ½̫̫ﻹʲôҩ˹ùѸ١
϶ôܰѵҩãⲻţĵ
취ֹ顣

7 

ոҹԬԸһЩĲȥ˹˼ĸԬ̫̫
ĸסԬָ̧Ԭ̫̫ˣЦʮºͣЩˣС׼Ȳˣůůӡ
Ԭ̫̫ʹˣһͲƣȴ˿ѿԬôơ
⺢ӣôչңӦúúźɷ򡣡Ԭ̫̫ӵʱֵ⣬Ƕ⼸һֱԬæʲôأ
˵ѧϰԬԬ̫̫Լɷ˼ǶֲʵϹ˼Ƕ˵ԬѧϰʵȴԬ˽Сá
ʮǰԬǻᾪʧ룬Ѿϰˡɷ˼Ƕ˫ȻƲͨŮӡңΪԬû޵òϵı޵Ůӿ˲١
񣬹˼ǶɲϢѾơ
ԣԬɴе˼ŮϡŮԪļѾ˹˼ǶΪԪϲլ̫֮ңԹ˼ǶôҲӲŮ˺Ů
Ԭҵĳ˵Ƕʮ츳ֻûʵ˽ЩԬ̫̫˵΢΢üԸָǶһЩǶҲڶܳΪʦ
Ԭ̫̫½̫̫Զ½̫̫ŮųٹҲûʲôӡ󣬼ʹųٹĶϱҲûı뷨ҲΪˣԬҵЩ꣬ΪԬ̫̫ƫ̻ţҲδʲôί
ԬȴһתʵϵǺ½ѧġ˵׻½ϲ˽ˣӣѼǶֲָǶ
̫үΪ߻ħһϢҪһĵҩⶾֵҩʮֵĺڹĵǲȫģ½̫̫˲ٵҩݺ󣬲ղ˵ҲΪҩ̫ˣ½̫̫ڳ˶أ²ºӡ
̫үöԲ½̫̫ù˼ҵСӸ˼Ƕǵ½̫̫Ķ顣½̫̫߳Բ½̫̫ĸ׵ġ
Ԭ̫̫СӷֿʮСӣ˽ȥСһΣ½̫̫ѹԸԼһĽųٹʱ򣬸Թ½̫̫ˡ
ųٹ͹˼ûѪԵϵ½̫̫ħˣȻ⴫
ԣԬ̫̫һֱ߷߲ƽ͹̫ү˵֮󣬹̫үΪ˵⴫ɴųٹ޸˹˼Ƕ꣬ųٹͬ£뿪ȥɭ꣬Ԭӽ˼ǶҪ׵ȡųٹ顣ԬΪŮԼܳΪˣųٹȴͻȻˣͬ˺͹˼Ƕףú˹
ԣųٹ½̫̫ԬǺ޵˹
ǶĵӺãжĵҩضܵ߼ϡԬ˵ϧ
Ԭ̫̫Щɻ󣬡ϧʲô
ϧ˵½ϰһżƷĵҩȥһǧԪʯһǧԪʯڼԬ۵ܣ֪ȱҩô˵˽
Ԭ̫̫ʶ̻ˣϢʱδ֪ԬĻɫͱˡ
ļˣԬ̫̫վҪˣ
һǵķˣֹռԺң񻹸첲աԬ̫̫һ뵽öҩöӵ߼;۵Ҳ˲ţƲԬͳүסԺȥ
үԴӽ߼һҪ̤˼Ǽûʲô£ǲȥġ
ڿԬ̫̫ʱ򣬹үӵɫѿʲô
үӶûʲô飬ǵٵҲ嶯ȢһòÿͨŮӡ̶̼ʮ꣬Ԭ̫̫ϵƱùүӿ֮ᷳġ
үӣҪԬ̫̫ǿ̫үɫһԬ˵˵һ顣
ǿǼƷĵҩ򻱳ĵҩмöǼƷѽ
Щ˼Ҵɽôأүùܹܽ㰡ⵤҩ䵽Թ˼Ҷûʲô洦˼Һò򻱳վ˽Ÿѵ֪Ҫ㹻ʵܸ𣿡
үϢҲ¶˲õ顣
Ϊ½̫̫ѾûʲôõĶˣȴ½ϾȻ˵ҩϡȻֻһöһļƷҩѱ½ϵûļƷҩ
½ϵĶôֹ˼һ̤
ֻҪһ뵽үӵۿͳ׵ĺˡ
С½ˣ
ڿ˵ֻһˣȴ¡
֪ˣүӻԬ̫̫뿪һᴦġ
̫ү򶨣ʵѾҡԬ̫̫ź̫ү꣬Ȼ֪Լɷʲô
ɷ½ϰеļҵ׶ʱĶȻ档
뵽Ԭ̫̫ʱ

8 

ʱԺڵ½̫̫ȴ֪Ժڷ顣
ϲŹ֣ҵѾˣĸܸˣ
Դӹ˶ڴԣⱲһֱһˡ˽£½̫̫οųٹ˵õҩҲҪѹൽùڹԱųٹ鵱ʱȻЦŻش˵ãȴĵǡõҩ֮𡣺ųٹȥ½̫̫Ϊ½̫̫ǵĹ
Щ½̫̫ڹ˼ίʱҲδҪ뿪˼ңҲϣ˼ܿյϱӻ
˵ıӻԼʵʵأ
ĸҲˡЦЦ˫գԵ欶ˣĸǲǵýҶ
½̫̫ԹЦͣҼҪʲôĸ򣡡
Ҫĸú÷ҩĸҲҪúõķãס½̫̫֣ȣϣĸһֱң
½̫̫ЦЩֺ֪ۿ
ʵһκ˵ԼԬδʱ½̫̫ŹóԼĵҩԪʯ޷ǲڹ˼ұ۸Щ̫үƴǰ˼ǶҲʮֵı飬˶ȴԼǵĺáԣ½ָ̫̫Щܺúõչ˹
ҪԪʯ˼ҵҲῴԪʯϣ̱
ֻ½̫̫ôҲû뵽õԪʯ˲Թ½̫̫º󣬲ȥԪʯķʽ˻
ҿ˵еʳⵤܼأ˵½̫̫ϣĸ޵·ϱҶĶֻ࣬Ӻˣأ
һҲ̲סᣬƲͷ½̫̫͹Լ
ڶˣٺʹǰһˡ
ʵĺϲ½̫̫λʮֵĺƣҲܺãԸԼίҲԸΪѡӣ½̫̫ڹ˼ҹĲãΪùģ½̫̫ͷȥ˼λ£ֻǺúչ˹ڹȥ¥ҵʱ򣬲Ҫֹ
ã½̫̫Ҳ֪Լϵĵֻÿһöļ嶾άǿʱļĵҩڹⲢûУȴۡûôԪʯ򣬶˼˸ǿסʹ֪ϣã½̫̫Ҳû˵ƹ뷨ĸһģĸҪҵ޵
ȴεЦЦڹȻǿԱˣֻԱˡǰߵŮ۵λϣֹżõһЩûеƩ磬ŹĿı£ҷ鼮ٶȱȳ˿˲١
˼Ҳ¥飬Ѿ׷ϣЩ鼮֪ȻвףȴĲ޵ֻҪıȳ˶ϼʮõҩҲȳ˸ˡǣⲢûкôģԽˣеĹҲԽࡣ
ֻǣ޵˽һգһĲɶãԼʹ֪ЩҲûźʹ壬ԸڶͶ̫ĶϾͬԴĺӡ
΢΢ĿȻܵطȻҲϣ߳һͬ·ӣʼоʳѾһЩüĿ
ôˣ½̫̫˵ΪûģְοĸӺһЩĸһõҩȥҲУ
½̫̫仰ڰοڰοԼʵΪϢȥ󣬵ĽԶλѶ֪ˣЩ˽ҲһЩ½̫̫һЩԼڷò󣬷ڵĵȻ˼ٵļ
Ȼ٣Ǳǰɺ̫ࡣٹһЩӣֿˡ
ֻҪһ¯ҩô°Ͳ÷ˡ
⣬̫ү½̫̫Ļɫࡣ
Ѿ߼Ȼȳ˸ãټ½̫̫ûзǾ䡰ĸһõҩȥͺá̫үôҲû뵽ԼӾȻķѪڹϡ
̫үһߵ˵¹£СȥǽׯϰȡһЩ
¹Щ⣬ү˵Щ꺮𣿡
ǣ̫үش𣬡СѾˣȻóȥúõĶ
¹³һ̶̼գСѾˣ˵Ⱳӣֻһ𣿲¹¿Źүӵɫȴ˿ûзְϲõ顣¹֪үӲˣȻҲùȥǽ꺮
һ޵ǽӽ꺮̫ã˾½
û׼ոյĹΪ꺮ع˼ңһεһ
峿½̫̫¹µ֪ĲѪ
֣ȥүӡ½̫̫ɫôͿ

9 

ּ½̫̫żˣҲֹ½̫̫·̫̫Ժȥ
Ҳ½̫̫˵ΪЩͺ¶ѾĹ˼Ƕҹ˼Ƕе½̫̫͵Ĵ԰ѺŴԹ˼Ƕʲô˺ǣ꺮ֶ˼صĺȻʺ弶ȡȴҲʺ弶µ޵ߴΪɺֱ͸޵ߵľС
ǹָոδȹΪˣ˰꺮ǻ᳹׵Ļˡ
ֻǵã̫үΪô˳˼Ƕù˼ǶȥͰ꺮ķӡ
ܴزٵĶƩ˼ǶеĴжʮ״СĿռ䡣Ȳϴ䷽㣬ɱϾǱڹҲʮֺ
Ϊ˼Ƕ½̫̫ģ½̫̫ԲῴŹ˼ǶɷԵŻЭͬı̫үһΡ
ЩŭǲνĹأݺݵүһ١
ǷҪֻԼŮ
Ԫ硣½̫̫үӲԶĵϣ˼ʾͺ飬һֱǶȥΪʲôҪȥ죿
ͻС㣬򲻿꺮Ķ
̫үЩãѩ˼ǣҵľǴģ
Ԫ磬Ҳ˼½̫̫֪̫үӼִˣЦǸԪʱ½̫̫ΪиԺͳǲһġʱ޴Ŀ£Ԫǲ֪Ѿˣֹܺú޵һĺܺá
̫үһߣյԺʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ˡ
ֹ֪˹֪Ӳֹ˺ܶԺҲ˼ҡЩȴûһö͵ԺȻ̫үҲмЩɱϾĶô֪ȰѺö͵Ժ
һеҲĵʦһķٶҲǱǲ
ֵǣ½̫̫ƺˣȴҪùյȴ˿ûпǹɷ
̫үԽԽ̧ͷ½̫̫ѾЩˣΪеԵʣȳ˸վ޵֮ˣòԬ̫̫˲١һż˳ͰòʮֵҲΪˣŰݵ½ѩȹ£ȻΪǹѵһʦ
ǡ½̫̫⣬ΪʲôҪȥǽأ
̫үã½ѩ㻹װͿһȥǽѵһû
ҡʲô𣿡½̫̫ԼԽԽ˽̫үˣЩĸ飬ְԵ̬ȣƺѾʧĸɸɾΪ˹Ҫ뿪˼ˡ
ȻҪװͿôұúõѾͷ̫үվúﷴ˼㵽ʲô
½ѩɱˣҹ˼ҵˣҹ˼ҴӲ첲յĶ
˵仰½̫̫׹̫үΪʲôҪˡ
Ԫ磡½̫̫ҲվŹ̫үѪڻʲô
̫ү½̫̫ںԼҲЩˣɣѾͷ̸ҾȻ֪ҵѾƵҩˡ
Ԫ磬ҵʲôӣѵ֪𣿡½̫̫һΪʦû𣬱һʮֵעÿƵҩΪ̫ãȾΪ˾㣬ҩݣ˶أֹӣ̴ʱȻһᱻɡңҪ򻱳վȽŸҪнԣʹ֪ٹȥؾĽԶΣգóٹȥˡ
Һͳٹ飬Ϊ˼˲ٵĵҩΪ˼˲ٶʦЩҴӲԸΪˣҲδĻر
ΪԪ磬ϲ㣬ҵ㡣ʹ֪ҶԲٹ飬ҡҲδڹԼѡ񡣡
Ϊ˷ԬңҺͳٹǿƵҩԳٹŻȾߵô硣ǳٹδԹ˭ֻϣ˼ܶã
ϵĵѾûа취ˣļĵҩۣһ÷һš½̫̫˵˫ˮƺֻҪһգۣˮͻۿҲָ˭ңҲ֪Լ˼ꡣǻ˱£Ҳ׷ˡ
Ԫ㣬㿴յϣҪĥ
ǿӲһӵ½̫̫Ϊ˹ȴѡٴεͷϵĵҩʣöһļƷҩԸⶼֻε鲻Ҫȥ
öһƷҩǵ½̫̫ĸµģδҪЩҩȴҲòˡ
ûпǹԼûܻԪʯĶǲ˺úõİ
ֻҪùĺãʹֻܱڣ½̫̫ԼҲˡ
̫ү½̫̫һģȴЦöһĵҩ½ѩڴ򷢽лأʧ
öļƷҩ̫ү˵ԺÿͰ꺮£ҶѾͷ졣

10 

ļƷҩ
½̫̫⼸ֺҲƲסŭŹ̫ү˻𣬡ԪɱңҲòġ
̫ү֪½̫̫񲻻뿪˼ңΪͻСŹ˼ҺԬҲܺúó󡣷һŮӣֳ޶ˣûмıӻȥᱻ˴ߵǲ⣬а£úõҽյĻ
ҵӣǹ˼ҵ̫̫˻ΪҵĴڸ㼸ֱ档뿪˹˼ңʲôˣҪ뿪˼ңһѾͷһߡ
ڵ򻱳ǲǵˣ޻ûڳ߶ϲĺÿŮѪҺģϲʳ
ѩϣúõ룬Ҫ¡ֻҺ͹˼ǿˣܹʳǵ
̫ү˵꣬ת뿪ڡ
޳ܣ޳ܣ̫үⷬ˿ܻˣԲû˸
ǹ˼Ƕǹǵ϶Ź˼ҵѪҺǹ̫үΪ½̫̫еĶȻİ취ˣΪʲô̫үѹ˼Ƕ½̫̫ߣ½̫̫Ϊ̫ү˭½̫̫Ů뷨½̫̫ͥ飬ν
ּ½̫̫緢ʱ½̫̫ͷ˵ӣƿҪ½̫̫Ժȴ½̫̫˹ȥ
̫̫һ߼ŷ½̫̫һ߶󺰣˰̫̫ιȥˡ
Ϊ鷢ԺֳĶܴڸմĹҲϢ
һЩӿ˲鼮֪ôУѾԼԼĴĽڣӲײ﷢һЩʳļأ˼κȻ̣öȴѾʳˡ
ţȳ׳ɹٸ½̫̫ô½̫̫ضϲû׼ӻ᳹׵ĺȴϢ
ҴҵĳԺȥ;˿޵˫֣ͨѯԺϸ
ǰŮۣʮóıǲɫĲ̽Լ֪ϢټֶԹûз֮ģԱѹ̫ү½̫̫ĶԻȫȫĸ˹
˵꣬Ψһ뷨ǣⱰ޳ԭĻŴ
˼Ƕ˹̫үֺݶ
Ϊԭ£̫ү½̫̫Ѿ˼϶̫ү˿ԸάνķȣֱӰ뷨й¶˳룬̫үȢ½̫̫ԸΪ½̫̫Ԭ̫̫ôһ˿ϲֻ΢ϲСЩϧ½̫̫˿ʮʱ䣬ų׵Ŀ̫үıĿ
˽̱ݡ
̫үΪ½̫̫൤ҩָ½̫̫ΣһЩҩ˳ͻ˼½̫̫ʲôĽ̫үȴ˿ġ
ûйʱ½̫̫ȫ뿪ƫƫߣΪ֪Լס
˼һӣ֣֣ĸ룿
С㣡Ȼӹ̫үȴҲ֪½̫̫ŵĸϽס˹죬ǧ˵
ټĹ˼ңԬ̫̫Ԭߣ⻰̫үĶ½̫̫Ҫ͹̫үˡʱ½̫̫ͶѣɹҪô죿£½̫̫Ҳˡ
̧֣һӣΧһ󵭵ƣ˵ġ
Ȼûȴ½̫̫ùһ۾ϳˣѾΧˡ˹̽û˻ֵᷢĶԻ
游үһʼĸ׺ĸĸ׺ĸƳĵҩߵҲ򻱳վ˽ŸĸײˣĸһղһգŻжߡĸַĸ߶꣬ضҲ֪Щĸʮֲס
֣ĸһΪ˼Ϊү룬ĸΪ˹˼ǵõʲôǹ˼ҵǹ˼ҵļ̤й˼˵Ļɡ
źĸ߶ˣҲ֪ʹĸЭˣ´Ҳδӵùȥ̾һĸΪҩðȥᶪġ
֪ԼȥȰ½̫̫϶Ȱ½̫̫Ϊ½̫̫ȡİȣǹԸ⿴ġ
طӲãȴʮ־½̫̫ůʧȥ½̫̫
ĸ˵ûǼֲȥˡ֣ĸγ룬ѾûĸףѵĸҲҪ˼Һ򻱳ˣ˭Ǻദأ
֣Ҳĸ뿪ңֻʣĸôһˡ
ԣǿ޵Ҫһᡣ
ҧȻڹ˼ҲȥҲĸʹһЩ룬Ҫ̫̫ѡ롣

11 

Ĺ˼ѾյĹ˼ˣԴ½̫̫ųٹ˼˲ʦ󣬹˼Ѿ򻱳վ˽Ÿ
½̫̫Ҫ͹̫ү룬ʵһǳѵ顣
Ͼ˼Ǵ壬̫үȻҪ˼ν档Ȼ˵Ų½̫̫뿪ȴϣ½̫̫ҩ뿪½̫̫Ϊˣ򻱳ʦԸĵʦṩٵľ顣ˣڹ˼ҲǶһڷԣĵʦȴԸ˼Ҵٵ档
Ҫǣ½̫̫뿪˾ù̫ү顣ȻԹ˼첻̫˺ȴҲӰ˼ҵ
ԣҹֺ½̫̫ʱ½̫̫Ĭ˰ҡͷ
ʵųٹʱʹҲǻ᳹׵ѹŹ뿪˼ңǿݴ½еĸңȴ֪ȥһˣ߻иѾϵֺо˵Уټһ׵Ĺ˺ܾã￴ųٹʬףŹľŮӣٹ飬ĸ𣿡
˰ųٹ͵ߵʱųٹ鲢δĸֱӺĸס
ųٹİĸףȴûбųٹ顣ûãչ˲ˡ
ݡ½̫̫ĴӭϣˮֵСһпöá
һ޸Ԫųٹ뿪ȥĹң˼ԶԶġ
С㡣ڻһ䣬Ѿ˶ĳƺ̫½̫̫ˣ½̫̫Ϊ׹¿࣬ر顣
ʹ½̫̫֪ͨˣҲδ뿪͵ҩӳЩʹټѣҲδҪ뿪½̫̫˹Ļ׹˼Ѿݲ½̫̫ˡ˼˻üҧ½̫̫½̫̫Ķʬ޴档
֪ĵģ޷İΣּ˵ʹڹ˼ңҲûа취ѽ
ļƷҩʹСʱҲûмšòģҪǣȥʳ˵ҩҪôأ
С㣬֪ʲôǳĽҲ֧еܵ㵤ҩסգСҲˣô϶ġ
˵ֱӿ޳Ҳ޷ǰĽٹС㣬ЩæٹСᣬҲ˲ԪʯǸ֪ͼˣѾ˺ܶˣͽ˼ҵġ
С㣬ԪһΣѵֹ̰ΡΡܶ𣿲ƴһ뿪
ִóһɫĴƿСҷõٵûáһöļƷҩܻԪʯ
½̫̫óĴƿ𾪣ֱҲ޳ݣǲɵ
㲻ⵤҩģ
ѾʮˣҲһֱֲܼأ¶Цݣο½̫̫ⵤҩ̫˷ˣܻԪʯءֻҪСúõģҾˣҲǿĵġ
С㣬Ƕˣһʲôأ
ǽףѩ̿ѡ
½̫̫ʱһ¯ĵҩٵֶŵĵҩһ¯Ŀš
ٵֵҩ޵绹ͨߣļ۸񣬵ǺҩվЩ롣ٵǼƷĵҩ׼
һֱδãԤ֪ôһ졣
ֻУųٹ׵ĹǶܿ͸˼˵Ŀ̱ѪΨʧȥ̫˺Ͷ󣬲ų׵Ŀ̫ү
ݣ½̫̫ס֣޵ίһӣҶԲ㡣
Ϊʲô޵ĻأҪĲ࣬޷ǹ̫үܼǵյĶ飬͹һ·
һһε͸ģ޲Ҫ
ֺ½̫̫޵ļվŵĹȴʮֵܡ
ڴǰĳл޵磬ǻܵ˺ҲûĸڣƩֺж½̫̫һһ⡣
΢΢Ŀֻ̧ӳһ󵭵⣬ӺԺڵ󷨡
Ԭ̫̫ԬƼ½̫̫įӡ
ңҲ뿪
գиĽԶ˵ݼ
ЩȹĻôҲû뵽ϲĽԶĹʱȻȥĽԶ
ȻЩɻ󣬵ǻǴ˻ĽԶ
ĽԶǱߵϢļ죬Ը򻱳Ψгõ޳ӹ
С㡣վڹǰŮźĽԶ㣬һѾ޵ߣǷ˳ķԸȥĽ͵ġ

12 м

㿴ǰĹ̬ʮֵĹ
΢΢һƬ̾ĽԶΪҪˡ
Ϊ㲻ֹźĽԶŮһλĵʦҪΪĽԶæڳе򻱳еķ֧ƹܡ
ʵտʼеʱ򣬺ܶ˶ƲΪһʦúȴͷ¶ĹݺͱвŹ֡
ڽвú󣬱ٰ˼ᣬ˲ٹе򻱳߶
ƽǹ˼һԬҵĹ£ȥҩʱ򣬻ǼġɽգӹȥĽңȴˡ
ɼĽԶҲܾȹΪҪͻȻҲ֪ضίŻ˵ķĽԶ˼˺ܾãԸӹҲڸ˼һ档
̣ȻܸмĽԶĺãǸæµˣܳݶϣͷˡ
Ц΢΢һһȴЦĸºͣСҿʲôأ
˼ҵʱ㻹ЩĽԶľʹųٹѾȥ˶꣬ڴĽԶǰĽųٹġЩϢǹⱻ˷ųȥһ
˽£ĽԶҲδ񶨹ȷйųٹ飬ʱֻǻش𣬡ŷǹ˼ҵ̫̫
ϲΪֹҵǰվϲⲢĹɷС㡭ҶҲϲΪֹˡ
Ҳʲô飬Ҳ뱨ľ֮
ԣҥԵԴͷԹ˼ҵʱмΡ
½̫̫ųٹ飬ǶԹ˼˶û˿Ĳ˽ǹ˼أ½̫̫ҲѹեųٹĺơΪϢǹүӷųģΪǻųٹųٹ鲻뿪˼ңĺĽԶһ𡣹үҲ֪ԼǸûõĶԲֱӵֶΡ
ֻҥԣԹ˼ҶҲûа洦˻ΪĽԶǸ֣Ϊųٹ鲻һСк͹˼ʱҲῴĽԶϣ˼Ҽֱ档
ҥҲˣ˵ʵųٹĽԶĺӡųٹЩϢֻЦ˵ҥᡣΪʹǽˣҲδԸĻ˷ȥʹͲԼ˽ͣרĽԶųٹ鲻⣬Ҳû˵ʲô
˲ͣȴΪ飬Ĭˡ
ҲΪʲôЩĽԶߵĺԶô˵ԭųٹȥ󣬹׵Ķ˺Ľҵ
ֻżҹʱɻ׵Ĺųٹ󣬿һЦ̡
ƹôˣڹ׼뿪ʱԬӸ˳ЦЦһӣǸæˣҸ缸㣬ءƹȻпգԿڲ߰ɡ
أҲȥҸһҪ˵°ˡ
Ԭ˵꣬ߵǰԹѵСҲǲأôƹˣҲͨأضô
㿴ŹʱĿºͣڿԬʱȴ䵭ˣҽǷСȥĽ͵ģܶͣ
Сǹ˼ҵĵС㣬Ԭֻһô˵СĲأ
ԬȻ˵С㶮أҲСбĸֵ˼ȻǴȥҪЦأ
С㣡㿴ŹЦЦ߰ɣ
˵ͷ˿ûע⵽Ԭɫжôѿ
ĹȻ˶޵ͨ˴ڵĵطȴʮֵĽбԬȻǹĳʵȴǱȲϹġ
ֻˣȴǵС㣬ǹ˼ǵӡ
ԬԶȥһȺˣǿӳԵʱ򡣡
ڣȴ˿ںԬôԼϾһ˿ûܷķˡ
С㡣óһʳУҿóһöӵݸǹǰأðɣ
ӹĬһ㣬̣ùʳ𣿡
ҡͷδ
΢Щʧо˲ʳ鼮ټǰµʱʦѧģ볢һʳû˳ʳʹɹˣôҲûܷɣ
ƺҲ˹ʧһ䣬ùСʳ

13 Ԭ

˵һδǰģ
Դųٹ󣬹ӱȴǰӵĵӡ񣬱ڹԵȴԪȡɶԬΪ˲ȡνĺһıδǷ˭ϣܵСĴ̼
˽£ĽԶҲ˵ǸĺӡĻڻ飬ԸԬһȻҪֹ֧ġ
㵹ǺͬĽԶ˵ҲԸһѡ
վǹ˼ҵ˽£ܰﵽҲʮޡ
ĽҵŲ¥һЩ˹ʳļ¼磬СĽסգҲ˳оЩʳף֪ڵ½̫̫ϵĵҪͨʳѣҪѹסʳȴʮѵģֹҪַǶζżߵҪ󣬡Ľ飬򻱳ȫġ
ʶ꣬Ҳ½̫̫ڹ˼ҵΪ֮
ùĽסñסãס꺮ү˻سá
᲻߶ẉ̂˼Ҳ飬Ѿ꣬صĶȻܶ࣬ȴ̫ȫϸǿȥĽҵĲ¥飬ȻԸġ
һҲᡣܸ˹ԸĽСסգԸסöеģ
ЦЦлл̣
ĽԶ򻱳ǵĳΪĽĹϵԹвٵˣеϣĽԶ˲ٵķ档ĽԶסլӣֹڰɽô򵥣լ˵һ͵Ԫʯڹе˴඼õ͵ԪʯȻƲڹˣȴʮֵļʡ
Щ˶ҪĽԶǣһϵٽĽҵһӡ
УҲԬҵˡ
ԹĽҼԬõʱҲδ¶ȵ顣ԬÿŹ񣬲Щ졣
ԬõļΪҥԵĹϵʮֿܺĽҵ͹ҪȥĽԶڽ輸ҸԬδõʱ˳ӵĹҲüͷĬ
ɣⲻǹС𣿡Ԭߵǰ
ŹȥĽԶ󣬱ԸСѾŹȥ᷿ʱЪϢƬ̣źСѾȥƫƫģĽҵĲȤûȥ᷿СѾֱȥ
СѾĽԶź˶꣬Ȼ֪ĽԶԹĿأδܾ顣ֻû뵽ȻͨĻ԰ڣݽסĽҵԬá
𣿡ݸǺɡ
ԬüЦᣬȴһĪķ꣬Щܵûʲô£ֻû뵽Ľ㡣
˵Ӧùϲأ˵һʲٵ롣
½̫̫óҩԪʯ飬ĽеСй¶ԬԬû֪ϢҲԬġΪ飬ĽԶǾΣԲйܵˣĵ׵ıͨˡ
ʵЩҲвĸͨмЩ鷳ϲ֪ǵϢȷ˳Сܣֳѿľ棬ǵһΡ˶ЧйܵС׬죬ƱػӰеȡԣĽԶ˴㶼ѵ˼䡣
ٵԪʯࡣҲ֪סԸɴϣֻЩԪʯͻҲûʣ¶١
ԪʯҲˣٺöأϵǣԬÿŹڴʲôƷһһᣬקŹ䣬Դ˼ȻˣҲͲȥ˼ˡҲ֪ڹһӣֻٰᡣεϣһöľҶ
ľڹĵطʮʺľ˷áֻϾǻʳڵĶжټֺοƫԶĹأ
ƫƫģ겻֪ĽԶʲôӣڻʳĽҵϵһ壬ȻһöľҶǣڹ
ڹ⼴ʹĳΣʳѹҪЩµԪʯԬʮֵĺ棬ĽԶô˵ĽҵϵЩϵġ
ʹĽҵô룬ҪõöҶ
ΪԬδľǵʦܵõöҶͻˡ
ȿֻҪһ뵽飬Ԭñʮֵļ
ҸǼˣԬ׼㾡ȫöҶҸ磬ʹһҲϧԬÿŹһһ˵öҶҸ˵ҪҲ뾡ҵౡ֮
ԣһЩԪʯ𣿡
Ԭ˵ãǽ衣

14 ܾ

ԪʯЦûС
ҷź˵ˣԪʯѾˡ
ԬðЩã˼ֿ𣬡㲻ԸԪʯң㵱ҽΣǻԸ⣬ֱ˵ͺˣֺαƭ˵ûأ½̫̫㣬ôеԪʯأ
ңЩͼֲʳ½̫̫ˣʹٶҲǱǲ
ң½̫̫۰ôùһԪʯûأǣƭ
ԬõۿתһȦ¶һ˰Թӣô죿òԪʯͰﲻˡ
Ҳ֪ⶫҸжҪġ
С㡣ԬߵŮ¶һõӣ½̫̫ʦҲһЩƷҩʹЩҲضдСԸ⣬ŵҩܰԪʯˡ
ֻСǰһˣڼСֿţСȫܱȣ
ԬŮϣĿ˼ַ̡
λŮҲһǰĹȻĺÿǵͷ˿òһųֱ΢ӡɽյĹʹǰݷˣʱʹ˵ûԪʯɹǹźͲмȴԶ׼ȴǰŸĿˣټϹűĲòݷµĻš
ǴǰŮֻҪԪض̼ܵڹһĮȻڿЦһĶ
ˣԬöŮĺǳһ䣬ЦſŹΪã
Ҹϲ˳ˣǸ֪жģΡ
ʵžƶ˵ȫܺĽᲢ۵ġĿһԬãĽɷҲȥĽ㡣
ظ˺ܶΣԪʯûСʹĸһЩԪʯЩԪʯҲģֲϵġѾϣͿһѪάŹСӣôҪأ
ԬС㣡Ҳ㣬ûа취㡣
Ԭͨ죬𽥱Թ
ȴûٴԬãΪ֪ԬδԬãԬˣǶˮΣֹҪѪҪװһȻмӡЦǣԬ趫ȴڳһ߸ϵӣʩһ
·СѾ߼Ҫ뿪ǰߣ
ԬҪٴλסʱ򣬹ȴûٻͷ
ⳡԻɢ
ȹ˲ĽԶ߱õϢˡ
С˵ûнԪʯԬС㣿ĽԶЩ㵣ʹԬðԬδҲûã
ǣССѾߣǸղŸ·СѾߣСƺܲԸԬҵС̸æȥ˲󣬱ʹµģʳ鼮
Ųյֶ˶٣˼ô
ļԬδʮִֵţЩûٸԬδҪǣԬδһչĶһȴ¶ӡ˽£Ԭδ񻹸˵ʮֲϲ֪ӡ
ȻȴħһԬδôɶԬδá
ЩԬδԬĽҽҺҵʱ㶼½̫̫͹ϣͬЩ顣
ˣǺ¡ĽԶ򻱳ǵĳڽµϵʱҲȳ˸죬ֻҪ˼ԬδϣǺ¡
΢΢ͷǲĺȡ
ҹԬñյĽҹµĴ˵ĽԶҪˣҺʱˡ
ԬЩ㵵ĿĽҵĹ£ĽҲкüҺ𣿡
ڼ䲻ϲšµЦЦǱҪҺҡ
ԬҧгݣأΪʲôԼĽң
˼ҵСǵĹͣȻĽҡµúԬٽ̸ȥԬСѾԸ˸㱸ˣһ뿪ˡ
ԬöŹµĻȴקסˡ
ԬٲģҲܶĽҵĹ´
ԬδµȻҪֱ棬ԬԬҵСڵġԬδĵ⣬ûʲôõĳֵĶˡ
ԣµĶҲû
ȹ֪Ԭ뿪ϢʱѾպ˼˵ʱˡ
ǲĽԶԬ뿪Ǿȹ˼ҵʱ򣬻ҪŽȥȥͰ꺮

15 

˼ź˹ĳ֣ڱԹ˵үǰЩӳˣҪ÷ڽİ꺮ү⼸æѧϰۿҪһʦү˵Ų¾ͽС졣
үˣּõĲ£Ը졣СúñֵĻᣬǧҪүʧ
εĲ°ĺãүӱضν㣬ôСû׼ٹ꣬ܵˣ
΢΢󿿣ϵ˸߸ϵˣŲյŹӣڿһ㡣
Ļ˵ļ˵ǹүʶԲŸĺò¡ʵ˭ֲûдûпռָǿͰ꺮ǻδ˼ң;ȫˡүΪѹե½̫̫һײıѾ͵ȵַ
Ǻò£øĽɣų֣һЦĽҲˣˮҲû
û뵽ȻᷴԼܵĽڣССʲôݣôȥͰ꺮
˵ַԼ˵˻Ͻ䣬СæСҲȥԺѧϰȻǲеġСĽңҲǿ飬²үӰ¡ңүǿС㣬Сȥ飬С㲻ҪүΪѲźá
үЩ˵СǾܾүӵķԸǻүӲ˵ġ
СҲ֪үӵӣȻ飬СҲǶ㲻˵ġүΪүӣ˼ҵҲˡС㣬㲻Ϊһүɣ
ʹСԣҲ½̫̫룬Щأûй˼ҵҽչˣǡ
¹˵ʲôܾĻԸɴ˵˾͸Ͻ뿪Ľҡ
Щ½̫̫Ϊڹ˻󣬹½̫̫ˡԣү˿¹ԼĻʹܶһΣҲ㲻Ժ
ֻҪ½̫̫ڹ˼ҹĲã־ͺܸˡ
ȳߺ󣬹鼮üͷȴ΢΢һ
ЩһֱŴ½̫̫뿪˼ң뿪˼ҺҪȥȴǸ⡣½̫̫ӲãҲϲֵ̫ĵطѡһλòլӣи߼Χĳάլӵİȡ֮˵ȵȣҪԪʯ
ȴû̫ԪʯЩԪʯ½̫̫ġ
׬Ԫʯ
һᣬСҿȥСһ𣿡
ȻԣСŻش𣬡ɡĽҵĳ󡣡
޵֮һһ⣬΢еˣᶨʱķñٹȵڸֶ֮޵˶ԣ谭һ˷ʱ飬һλʼϲʳѦʳټĹǻûа̻ϢֻѦ֣ʧ˺ܶ꣬ѦˣȻʳζȴһһ
񣬲˶ڸ̾ʳܳȥڵĶغСɿʯͷҲԲʳġ
þУЦ˵СȻȥ̴˵¸ңһҪ˵
СͷСģūϾȥ
СҲ˵˵ڹ˼С飬˽Ϊһ䵨СѲˡӽӴùºͣǶȴԲҲûΪĽЩûƲǡ²ˣе˶һСҲʮϲ͹
֪ΪΣʹԸܶ飬û˿ķУ͸ź
͸ӡ߸ϡ
Ľҵ¸λҸΪڼɽϣʮʺ£ȡ¸㵽¸ʱĽԶѾˡ
ЩȣѾǰʱˣȴû뵽ĽԶĸ硣
˶ˣЩɻ󣬡ǲǵ˺ܾã
ûеãĽԶüͷ¶յӣ˼ˡ
֪Ľҵ˲ٶԴģҲֹ֪˵ʲô
ģȥͺġ
˻δü˵̫ĻһʳдӼɽ
ĽԶ̧ͷ㿴ԶűɫȹŮŰһỊ̃еݷ߳ˡ
Ľ壬̣ߵǰʳ˵ǳ㶫

16 ʳ

㱾밲οҪĹ˼ҵ飬ȴһĿⱻʳĵˡ
ɫ£ɫµĴɵϰڷŵĵģ³еɣԡɫš
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ĽԶЩʧ񣬰̧ͷŹ
Ǻɻ֡һЦ̺ɻŻҪۼ֣⼸һֱĥôʳ˽˺ܶΣףЩ
ûʳԲ֪ЩΡ
ȷǵһʳǰȴûСĺͲȡ
СŮ˻ʺ󣬺ΪԸ⿴ŹҸǿѹ˲ٵߵ˵λϡֻǰĹŮӵĵλͲߣĻҲûʲôŵˣԼԶҽҲԶôȡҰȺΪ˵λ϶СӱСֲ㱻¶ʳﶪӹŹذСȻȴ֪⺢ӵǶԳʳӰˡԣֿʼ³⺢ʳ
ŲŷĳӳѧգЩʳϣʮаյġСθڣϲҪԡ
ȥʱ⺢ѾˣһϵСүֻǣڵ֪ûȵʱС޵һȬ
Ļֻǻһطѡ
̣ǳ˶ûжڣҲ֪ûгɹ
ĽԶϽͷã
̺ɻֺͳеĺɻʮƣνɫζȫ
ĽԶʱĸͷЩԣҲʳԡֻѦʧѦʳζáеʱĸĵҩζѦʳǿ
ǹĺɻ֣ڼһζڿлһɵĺɻ㣬ݷеĺɻ
ֻɻеȷ̫ˣѦʳвٵľ롣
ǡľϵ˺ɻֺ󣬻˵ȻܱǾľϵ
ǻϵġĽԶҡͷܸܵϵ
ĽԶ޵ˣűȳ˸ḻľ飬ȻƷ
ô£ȻỳĽԶжϣôģ
һż˵Զݵķӡһ˵˿һ˵ϲľϵʳĳõǻϵĹûϵʳһЩ
ֻϵȽϱֻʳ
ûиǣֻǶݵķӡСʱʳࡣ
㣬֪ľϵʳʹڹҲûѲٵԪʯɹ붼û룬óصĶ
Թ̧֣Ź֣ϵĽָţ
̣֪νĿռָ½̫̫˼ǶĴصĶϽҡͷ̫ˣ
أ׼ģ̫Сˡ㵹ûƭöռָȷ̫Сˡָֻ꣬ҲδҪ̺߱ͳһʼҪãеʱҲ顣ָʹҪع˼Ͱ꺮Ҳûġ
̧֣ýָҲ̤ʵ˲١
ĽԶһȻܸм½̫̫ųٹ飬Ҫάеڹʳֻø½̫̫ô򵥣ҪԪʯġ
ڹ򻱳ֹƿصУҲС
ԣùǷ飬ڵʱҲûôˡ
Ȼ룬Ҳ뷨ڶ˵̣ҹЩĸ˼ңҪٵԪʯ
㿴ʳܻԪʯ𣿡
ȻܣͷȻЩЧȴܺãζһ
û뵽˵Ŀ϶ԼĽԶҲͷȻ㣬ƺױգҪǲ˾ʡ
Ϊһ̰ͼڸ֮ˣȴʳڴ
Ǿ̫ˣ֪̫ʳȻϡ١ʳķϣһЩļɣԺʳģ̣Ԫʯأ
ľϵͻϵʳ۸񶼲ľϵʳƫߣ
һöɻ֣ľϵĿһǧԪʯϵĵһЩŰ١
Ŀɿڴ⡭ǲ̫ˣ
ɵӣǿŵļ۸ǰô࣬ٹЩӣ۸Ҫġ
֮ǰĴ󳼺Լ˵һ䣬£Ĳϳ̻ǣΪ޼鲻̰

17 ׬Ǯ

ĹԪʯΪͼм߼ÿһԪʯЯҲһǹõͼԪʯеԪʯڵĻʳϵԪʯ
ԣҰѼ۸ôߣҲǱϡΪ뷨
ҩʹúȻ޵ߵ洦ֻ򻱳ûʳʦ㲻ú͹Сһ򻱳ʳĶҲ˵ҩһЩ
Сʳ͵ϣܰұܡ˵游ʲôദˣǵ֪һʳضĸвң
ͷ̰£ġ
һ˵Ϊ򻱳ҪᣬʳʦߣҪԪʯһЩʳ
ԪʯһԸ͹ιȡ
ţ˵ͷǾͷˡֻӶ𡭡
Ҳġ˵ʳٵĹ˿ͣԡ
Ļ̣ӶգҸŻݵļ۸á̵ƹģǲӶǻɡ
ңǷ̫飬ѾĿռָǷ飬Ҫ˲ˡϲǷԼ飬ԼǷ˵ġ
ң֧бͲף׬Ӷûʲôġ
⡭ðɡûƴǣǧ֮塣
һǧԪʯֻȥԪʯΪӶǼļ۸ĽԶ񣬶Щ㵡꼴ʹųٹʱҲδȡ͵Ӷ𣬱ϾֲרƵġһҪάȥûѲѪԪʯһøĸṩӶ𣬲ȻȻеĲǲ
ĽԶһȡĵȷ̫ˡ
֪ʲôģҲġĽԶɻ󣬱ֱ˵ⲻֹ򻱳ǣĳǳҲûʳʦġܳʳ˺͵ʦ򻱳⡣ʱ˰վģ򻱳ǵĿջ۸Ҳ׬١ȡǧ֮壬ҲǰЩȥġ
̹ˣվ˵лл
ĳ⣬ݶȻǵá
Ǹģ˵ҹе˿ʼɢҪʳϢȥӣʳʦĽҵסˣҪʳȡԪʯ㻹͸¶λʳʦǸˣ򻱳ǣҲǳľҶġû׼ʳʦͻ뿪⡣
ҪʳǷǳѵõĻᡣ
򻱳ȻûʳʦǼڱصĺǣȴǳʳġвټǣ˵ҩ꣬ڳһЩҪЩҪʳ
ֻǹеʳ̫ˣѦ۸ڶƲϹĵͼԪʯЩ壬ڻ˲ٵĵͼԪʯ
ڿõͼԪʯʳˣȻ̲סˡ
ʱܵλʳʦ˭ʲôŮûлȢλʳʦĻԵǼСסƬ̡
ҲвųϢģ޷ں˵˵ʳʦ䲻ȵʦ󣬿ƢСôܵأ
Ȼ峿ڽӵСʳʱȴЦĺϲ£졣
ʳÿöɻ֡˵һö̺ľϵģǸġöֱǻϵĺľϵģ۵ġ
С㣬С˵ùµĲҪ͸ʳȥ⡣ңϡΪȥ̫ˣͲֵԪʯˡ
гǱߣСҲ˹ȥˣūСʳȥˡ
̾һ⺢ӵĸˣϲǷ˶
£Ƿˡ
ССסԺӣ˽ӽһҪ˱С㡣˼ΣתȥС
ȻôҲû뵽ǣЩʳ㱻ˡ
Щż۸˿ûпǾЩʳûԥļЩֲ
˼ҵĹȥʱе漷ˡ
ڴ󺰣ҳǧһöľϵʳɣһ
Ĺ꣬һҪ밡
ĹҲϹͷôҲһöʳҿȸԪʯ

˼ҵĹ°ϢȥԬʱԼŮ̲ס̾һʳû򵽡
˵ʳ̧۵ǧԪʯȫûбҪˡǧԪʯһöͨҩˡ
ԪԬĲԶһذ׵ԵøĶĿˣĸףЩʳˣ˰
ǶĶĶʲô̫⣡

18 

Ԫ壬ʵһĴ壬˵֮ǰߣ޵档
Ĺķ棬ָ
޵һоŵȣֱǣ𵤡ԪӤϡ񡢺塢ˡʥĹΪߵģǴﳣչصĹʦ˵Ҳһλڵ棬λʦѾչؿʮˣ˭Ҳ֪
ԣɼĹж
͵Ҳϲʲôͷһֱڹɭż˵ĸǳһЩʺݡȵȡʱ˶ôֵġ
ƩȥйʳģҲˣڵˡ
ɴ򹷱ϾҪˣԼʹԪҪǿӲֶȥвЩ˽ʳҲǲˡ
ҪԬҺ͹˼ңϻҪ򵥡
ҹϢųʱԬδϢȴʮֵϲԬδʦΪʧȥ壬ѾЩûȥˡ
ֶֹҪݣҪɡԬδȥⷽ棬϶˲֪ʳʦֺԬδ㿴ľϵʳʱԪţǸ۵ʳʦҪʳ׾١
Ͼʳʦֲʦ½ˣ˭ϡأ
ȴû뵽ȴˡ
ĸףԪԼԬδı֤˻ʲô취ҲҪõöľϵʳ
Ԭüӣʳļ۸ǻǵ
ҩõ̫࣬ҲжأȻٵӾ˾ͺ˵ˡԪ̾һ֮ӣȻЩʳ
ԬһԪʯҲԬЩˣô˼ȥԬδ񣡡
ĸףԬԬδĲǣԪЩˡЩԬݣȹ㣬ȴٱ˿𡣺ڣԬδԸȢȻǸ˵ġԪԬδ˭ǰ˵ԬδĲǣֲʦһΪ˻ȡԪʯģںЩ̫ĶȻҪ
ԬŮδ޸Ԭδ񣬱첲գȻҲܲˡҲû˿İ취ΪǱŮҪ͸ˡ
ĸףԪ룬Ż˵ҼǵĽң
ǣԬֻǵ˵ͷǷơԬδľµȵԪʯǰֺα˽·ҩأҲֻйԪƫĵˣԬδǸ߸ϣȾ㳾ˡ
Ľ۰ãÿһöľϵʳû׼ĽһˣһЩҲһЩԪʯأ
Ԭһ˿ϲ˵Ķԣ
ΪٳٲԸص˼ҵ飬ѾǵԬ̫̫͹̫үܲˣĸ˽ҲûٸԬԹǸİǡ˼Ƕ˵֪ĽԶǸʲôˣȥӽĽԶһҲûаķ
˼ǶҧгݵĿԬͺ˵ȹһҪݺݵ𷣹عĽա
ĸףúúð찡Ԫ˵ʧˡ
ҪȥʳǺѣҪȥԸԬԲʲô¡
ģĸһáԬʮֿ϶˵ĸװ£֪ġûаգĸҲҴӦ
ԪһЦҾ֪ĸá
ԬΪҪԬδԪʯ÷꣬ڿŮ¶ЦݺǹԹʧĸɸɾԣֻҪŮԸʹǰһôȻҲŮǺá
ԣԬӹԪԺ󣬾ߵȥ׼
ҪȥĽȥ
ʱװԪʯĴӽ˹Щǽʳ׬Ԫʯ
һЩ˵̫࣬Լ
ʳҪעģͺܱԴʱɫʵáȴûп˵ùҪټˣΪЩʳٵԪʯͲ˵ˡ
Ҳ򻱳ûʳʦڼ۸ŸߣʳʦأʳζٺãƷҲ½ԣ
ԣ׬Ԫʯ׬һЩ
ġο㣬зִġ
ʹЩݽߣǹԪʯȴʮֵĸ˵ġ
̣һǧԪʯȫһɡ˵͵˼ңԿĸ£뿪
˵ǳ͵ģң
Ų԰ֽŵɬĵ˵ͷ֪ˡ
뿪δʱͨ˵ǹ˼ˣҪ

19 

ǲԬԼϾԪԬδߵһȻƵĵطƩζͬ
ԬδǹԪ˶óԼڷڸ߸ϵλӣװһӡڰִܾ˶ǵĺãԼǷŵݣŻЩô
ԬδûӵԭõôԪȴûٷԸԬȥ¡
ôȥˣҲ൱ɹ򻱳֪Ԭδ͹Ԫ׵Ϣ󣬸̲ס֮̾ϡ
ڹֿòķƷҲʮֵ⣬ôܺ͹ԪᲢۣԬδס
Ĺڹ˼ҵӣ˴ǰӣ޵硣˼ҵլȵĲֹʵơ
ȻԬϲıҲ㵽סʵͼıȫη塣
ɡЦᣬȴ¶΢΢֣ҲЩûˡ
ź˶ѡģҲȳǿ١ǰѿռָ͸˹ɼԹϲڿĻֵСǷˣū澱Ԭȥ
ԬȻЩһֱүţϾֻǸһôóȻСء
ңĽҲ˭ĵط
ްġҡͷǾһΣڶεΣҪﲻˡңҲ۳̵ģ
СѾ֣Ҳ˵ʲôֻǷԸԬСˣԬһЩ·
ԬﱾͲ޵ߣһЩˡǰҲĽҵլӣȻԼߵ·ƺʹǰЩһСˣǲǴ·ˣ
СЦҲʣǵһĽɣطǳסĵطȻȹ˼Ҵ˲١
СڸԸҲûúõĹĽأ
ԬЩãȻǵһҴǰҲģ
ŶС˹ȣôû
Ԭͺ𣬡Ľʱ㻹֪أ
Сͣ½ŲԬϲɻ󣬡Ҽǵƹ˵˼Ǵ壬䲻˶޵ߣȴҲעǡѵĽĴ£ֵõһˣ
Ԭ׹С˾ڹԼʲô˵
ĽˣҲǹ˼ҵˡС˷̵ĿԬʲôȻҲʲô
ԬͷۻǴǰܵ裬ضǰС˺ݺݵһơǸԬĽֳ̫Ķ鱻ĽԶ֪ˣôĽԶһͬү˵顣үҪ棬ȻԸðŵĽҵΣάһеˣڹүӵﲻǸõĹߡңǵ˼һ̫Ԭ̫̫ǹ˼ҵĸĻҲûл޸˼Ƕ
ﵽҪҪС㣿С˿Ԭɫ⣬ѩԼĲ¡ңСĽҶ꣬Ҳ֪ųٹĽԶ飬Ҫʱ׵ʱҲԶԶĿһųٹ飬ҹɵŮˡԣĲף˼ǶڵõųٹôῴԬôһģﲻȥҾȥˡ
ĽҼҴҵʮֵĽأҿûôУʱȥҹ䡣
Ԭҧгݣȥ
Сû˵һβ̵·󣬲ŰԬ˹ߡ
ʱԬѾ۵˵ˣֻܴڴڵĴ
СԬӣҲûпһˮûС
⼸ӦҪæȥ˰꺮ˣû㸸һȥ𣿡װɻӿԬﻹÿչ̽ң
Ԭָ̧Źȴû˵һ֡
һС˴ĽҵԺ˿һʱСԼҲ÷ˣǻҪϺһᡣ
Ԭۣһ
¡ȥԬҪ㣬Т
ЦЦȴºͣ⻰˵ģҲТô塣æȥ˺ȴųй䣬˿ûŰ︸׷ǡ
Ҽǵõ꣬ĸ׻ʱ򣬸ÿȥ˺ĸ׶šŶҲǡĸңȴ
㡭Ԭĺ滺һЩȴֱĵԲۣôͳ˵ģ
ԬԶϣҼǵĽ㶨׵ʱĸң㲻ҵĳⱲӶܺմ״ʡ
˵ʸ˼ΪչˣԬ
ҲΪԬһ̼˵ĻԭŻᱻ
˵ԬʵǸƤЫ

20 Ы

̫Ԭˣʲôˡ
޵ΪĹԬͨˣͲɳֻһתۣͳ׵ʧˡ
ڵͲҪԭûдԬʹڣ˶ӵֶΣȥ˺˲ŵõĵλ
꣬½̫̫ǹүӣųٹ͹˼ǶһԬ˽ȥҹųٹ飬ǵųٹ黳˹˼ǶŻҳߡ飬ǹʰԭļʱ򣬷ԭųٹһЩ¼￴ġ
ųٹԹģԲŻ᲻һе뿪ųٹٴλص˼ңһΪ½̫̫ˣΪ˼ҵΨһСҪ͵иҡ
ųٹ͹᰸鲻ԲԸ⿴᰼뻢ѣֻˡ
λųٹȴˡ͹˼Ƕף²ҲйڹᰵԵʡ
ųٹҪŹ᰺½̫̫͵ڹ˼Ȼûм뱾üĹżңȴȥ¼ҳ˼ҡ
ųٹȥ󣬹ᰳ׵Ķ˺͹˼ҵϵż˸½̫̫Ԫʯչ˺ù
˽˵Ϊ˼ҺԬҵȥҹᰣԹ¼ҵҲļѡԸ͹˼ϵһΪ޹үӵ飬һҲǲ½̫̫͹
Ȼǵųٹ뿪Ǻᰲ޵ż뱻Ľں¼ҽ顭ÿһԬӰӡ
Ԭû޵ߵʵȴóŪ޵߿ϵļıЦǣЩΪһĹ˼ǣȻ͵ȵȦס
Ԭųٹ͹ᰣ˲ûԬųٹλӣֹ˼ҡԬҲ룬˼ǶٲҲ޵弶ܳΪ˼ҵĳϣΪʲôȢһͨˣ˼ǶǸʵˡ
ЦǣųٹͷԬʹ˺ӣҲܳΪ˼Ƕ
ĸʱԬҵĸףҪҺԬδ¡ĸͬ⣬׵þҵգʲô¡£˵ĸ׵Ժ棬˵ĸԬһҪ뷨ԬҺ͹˼Ǵֿܲġ
տţ˸׺游ĸͬ£ұ֤ԬδȢҺһӶ檡
ԬҰ׵˵ǺҵԬҾͲ̫ˣɰĸ׻ԬҲֻװ޹ĸҪҩҲδԼĸƣŵȷԬң˽²ԬҲٵĵҩԪʯԼţпʮԪʯ˰ɣ
˵ԬֺվŹɫѿʲô֤ݣ
ԬȷûųٹµĶЩ඼ԬҺ͹Ԫˡ
Цųٹǿʳȱ㡣
ųٹȥЩԭĲáԭºԭʱʵʮֵľȴҲûҪ뿪
Ԭܵԭķڣԭ˵ЩԬδ͹Ԫ˽¶ôĶֱǷ򳪸棬ԬǶôĲɿй¶Ԭ顣Ϊ˳׵ù˶Ԭδ뷨Ԭ˵ǹڣɱ˺͹һ𳤴ѾߡСˣҪųٹӡ
ԬֹԭγϣǾЩԼ飬ϲһϲϵˡ
ԭʱ̫Ĳĺͻںޡ
ҲҲԹ̫أŵ
ǿ̣ʪߣ̾һ
лԭػһεĻᣬҲԭúõĳڶԬʱ򣬹Ҳûаġ
֪˶ڣ֤ҲǵҪ֤ݣһø˿ηԬ񣬺ĸȥֿʼԬδ˽Ҳûĸ׵ļױɣ
ЩҴǰƽϣڲƽϣ
һݲȵӣŵЦ⣬ʶȤҪô⳥ҡ
ˣڳԣĸһϲѵĶԬ̧ͷЦżֵ⣬ǲǾãĽ˸ʲôˣ
Ҹ㣬򻱳ʹǰǲһģڵԬҺ͹˼ңҲǴǰˡĽûԬҺ͹˼ҵ֧ţĽԶȳλ𣿡
ԬߵߣǿĿ־壬˵Ǵ͸ϽĽԶʳԬҺ͹˼ңȻĻʱʲôӣɱԹ첻ǡ
΢΢ĿԬ˼ִ
Ԭ˵ⷬȻڹ˼ҺԬʲô

21 ӡ

򻱳ǵЩŵĴࡣԭǰ˼ԬδϣԺܶϢ˲Ȼǲ֪ġ
ԴʱĹãȻԬӴ˼ֲм⻰ȥڲСɣ
ĴǹǰװͿԬŹ滺ˣȥ㣬ҵ顣
룬ضҸףΪʲôӻ᲻ĸ˳򻱳ǡ
ԬվŹһЦĽܻһʱѵܻһ㲻͵ҵôҷŵĻ
⻰˵ģǹ˼ҺԬҶһԬǺͿˣֻҸ׵ѡ
㣡Ԭҧгݣҵš
˵꣬ԬҲκѯʵĻᣬҴҵ뿪̸ⷬ졣
˿Ԭ뿪ʱĶɹȴĳʵԬҲûףԬҵҲ̫ԣֻѹ
еʳ޵ߴЧʵԶԶȲϵҩϡΪ򻱳һ޵壬Ҫʳֶˣɱȵҩ
ʱȣǴڵġ
˵ĵط֮ġ
Ԭ޷ҪԪĽʳԪȻʹǰĹһ飬ʳ͵Ԭδߡ뵽Ԭδʱ򣬶˵Ĳ̽Ԭδ񲢲ǷǹԪɣϾ޵һʵǿ檺żıȱȽǡ
޵׷Զʵν鰮
ҵǷϡ
峿Դʳȥ㡣
һЦź͹˵ҹСʳȥ̽½̫̫СԿ̫̫ʳ뿪ġľϵʳ̫̫ãС˵²Ƭ̣̫̫ž˲١
ʳ̲̫̫꣬ϵĵһġ
⻰ȻڰοȻܳ׵̫̫ϵĵ϶١
˼᲻ø̫̫Ͷ̫ԪʯɹȴںûнҴĻԣЦŵͷ鷳ˡ
Ҹͳ׼һʳóһݣﻹö۵ġ
㿴ŹҰ׵СЩ۵̾һ㲻øҺͳ׼ǡ
̣Ļҵ⣬ͲҪܾˡֻǣ˼Ҫʳһ£Ҫõ
Ԭ̽飬Ȼֻ֪ǿߵֻҪʵǿôеıʵҲʲôʯ
ǹһûʵ̫ǣ½̫̫ʱԱӻеʱҲ۹޵·ϣ̫ΪʵˣЩ˲٣ȴټôִĺӡ
̫Įʱ֪
̣㣬һ䣬֪𣿡
ңЩãȻܿ˫üͷȴ˭ģ
ҵġ㵹û
ǣŹ֣˶º󣬲ŻؿڣԬ˵ң˵򻱳ǽĺɽӡ˼ҵİ꺮ʵ󲿷ֶǴӺɽӡΧȡġ
ҵļ־򻱳ǵǰϲһͨŮӣŮһӡ˵Ҳ֣ŮȻǸͨˣµСȴǸľϵ꣬ʮѾ˼ˡС㼴ͻżһ꣬־ϲ˱ŮޡŮӽܲˣϵСչصĶ⡣
С㻹δͻƾżȴﲻ㿴ĸ׵ʬѾ绯ˣΧȫǶڿҧϵĹͷ
˵ҲЩˣ־޵ߣܳŮӴʱѾˣǵĸҲߵͷŮҲǸݾġ
ΪʲôҧŮӵʬǣһΪŮùҩһ˵־ĺŮޣҪöŮӵĻǣó
ٺС˴ֺ̼͸״֣ͻżʱȻɹˣȴûжɹ׽١˵ȥʱ򣬻ﱧŵĸ׵ʬǡ
־ʧȥ˶ӣʧȥӣһʱҲħˡ˳λӣȥ˽⡣
˵־ֹͻʵҲܸֻħˣҲû취֮ǰ򻱳ǵĽһӡ
ÿӡῪһΣ־ǰסĶַżµ˶Խ룬ǲܳȥᱬ塣Ҫǣ˹䲻ܳʮꡣΪСȥʱ򣬸պöʮꡣ
ӡԲ˵ѵõĺûᣬ˵Ķ˳
ַֻǺõطôôûһ˳õıأ
ҵ£ɱˣΧЩѾýȥ˹Ǻˡ˵꣬Źɫˣ˼ǣ˼Ҫȥ
ԣվԲ˫ۣȥģɢ

22 լ

Щ飬򻱳еƹԴ֪ϢҲ˸ࡣ
ЩֹĽҵˣһЩ͵ȵ֧ˣӡ⡣
ǣЩ׼ȫҲûʲôýһֱӶֱ˷ڼıƣʬһųЩˣҲ׵ķˡ
˲֪ĽҺҲ˽طЩ岻мȥСӡϾҶԴԣֻĶ̫ĿˣҲ֪ա
ȴף־ԲǷ֮־ħԭҲԲ򵥡
ӡ͸¶Ź졣
ֻңûк˵ӡ飬游ӦòͬĻվο㣬ģҲȥġ
ֻȻطǹ˼ҺԬ˻ǻȥʱ᲻˽ȥͬͺ˵ˡ
˿ԥĵͺ𣬡Ԭδ񣡡
ԬδСһľϵҶóҲԬδСȹ˵û׼ԬδСת
ԬҵûбЩ޵ĻͷԣҲδԬδȥӡ
ԬδѾٹŻᲽʮ̰ԬδδزӡĶ
Ҫȥ𣿡üͷŶԹ˵Ͻ½ʦ뿪˼Ұɡ
뿪˹˼ңǱ㲻ܰ㲻Ըˡ
ʱѾƺ½̫̫Ϊ½ʦˣ޲ڴʱù½̫̫Ʋ͹˼ҵĹϵ
ǹ˼ҵˣ㲻ֹ˼ҵļ¡ɺ͹ദЩ㿴ĳԹ˼Ѿû˿ĸ飬ԲŸֱ˵Ľ顣뿪˹˼ңԸ͹˼ˣôĽԶ㻹ܰﵽ١
ΪųٹһǸ츳ˣֻǹǰԬδˣԲŻһֱڽӴʱĸоѾͻˣȹڵٶȣȴҲûг׵ĽҴ
ÿ˶ԼܣѾ˵˺ܶˡԼ̹ϡ
ţͬĻֻ游׷Һĸ뿪
˼ҴһԽĵط
㿴Źܰﵽĵط㾡ܿڡ
롣ǲżܹԪʯҾͻ뵽취ˡ
̣㷽ңôҴǰ򻱳ǵլӣôˣ־ȻǸˣôסĵطҲ̫
˵լӵΧвٸ󷨣˵ʱ򣬼ʹҪͻҲ÷Ѳ˵Ҳɣ־ʧլһֱ֧
һһѾҪլӵ뷨Ͼ־סĸۡҪûԪʯ
Ҫ̿Ը취ֻǡ̹ף۸Ӧòܵ͡
ĳҲǴǰˣԲŸҴլӵϢȻĲûдνǿ󣬲ﱲҲ
ŵöԪʯʡ
ֱ̧ȻָʮԪʯҡ
һöʳ۸ٸߣҲֻܱ㳴ǧԪʯң⻹Ƕݵļ۸񡣵ȹЩӣȴҵºͺĹȥ۸Ȼή
ǸȸԪʯҲǿеġ֪Ҫլӵ⣬Ҳ취еԪʯ֮ڴС
ʵҲǷҵլӲɡ
ЦҡͷȻҪ뿪˼ңȻҪĸסõĵطģԪʯһ취ġ
ˣĸ׺ĸǵʦҲΪʦġ
ȷûһʳ뿪⣬Ҳ򻱳סһӡػһΣȻҪ߳طȥʶһҰ
յĿġ
ֻҪֹҪ֣Ҫһĵ¯ЩҪԪʯġ
ڵԺֻ֣Ԫʯ
һǮѵӢۺҲԪʯˡ
ڵڶգڿСʳöʳʱһҲȡ
СӲã˵⼸գôˣάһһöС峿Ƽʱ򣬾ƺһܴ߹ڵõķԸСεļסˣһֲ©ĸ㣬ƹģС
㿴ʳʳ̾һ
ƴĹյųٹ顣
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģȥðա
֪ˣ˵Ǻúչ˺С㡣
һ̧ʳļ۸񣬶ڴʱҲٸ߼չҲڼպֹͣ˳嶯Ĺ򣬵ȹܹ˲Ԫʯʱʳļ۸Ҳȶһǧˡ
ʱˣҪع˼ˡ
̣˵λȥ׼ĸ뿪̰һæ

23 루һ

˿ûԥӦ˹
ҹĽұϢ˳˵Ԭ͹ڽ̸ĹУԬȥסĽҵʳʦ͵ʳԬŻȥ˵ǹ첻ãù½̫̫׵Ĺ˼ңӴ˹˼ҵĸֻԬҵŮ
к˴֪ȷ±˼ԬĻȥӽλʳʦȴ˲ʳ
ЩĽҵģ»ĽԶѹȥЩλʳʦ˽أϢŴ˳
˶飬ĽԶҪĻôḴӡ
峿ʹҴҵػ˹˼ҡ
Ԭ֪Ϣʱں͹ԪһƷ裬Ҫùˡ
ԼֽŲɾôȴĸڱԪЩã˵λʳʦҲǸദģҪ⳥Ԫʯأ
ԬʣҪ٣
ôҲúüɣԪ־;ͷۣǣǡ
˼׼ôԬʹԪ㣬Ҫ
ԪЦҲ䣿ý㣬һȥ˼ƣ
Ԫܼ򵥣Ԭȥ˼ңôԬٿԴԬҰĸ˵仰νļҳ󲻿ڹԪĴھǼҳѹں
ҲáԬõûвԪ뷨ԴӱϳĽҺԹ˲ȥ
ʱĹ˼ڣүӿŲԶź۵ˣĬ
ǰˣүҲʵǿĳǸ˵ġ˾˵λʳʦƸʹ˼Ҫ⳥Ԫʯġ
ʳʦ˵ĺܼ򵥣Ҫô˼⳥ԪʯҪô˼ҾͰѹһҪù˼ңһó޵磬һ޵ߵıƱͳȥôͳ׵ĺͼûйϵˣǸƶ˶úҪǣⱾϣ޵ߵѪҺҲλʳʦԿƹɡ
ԣһ޵߹˼ν棬ôҲύϵŮıơ
үҵʱܱ󡣡˵ϽҸ𰸣ǹүӲǿԼʱһ֣
԰ǣ½̫̫վ˳Źү˵үӣԪʯǰɣ
½̫̫̫ĺӣȥĽʲôӡԴʱҲЩˣŲ˵棬ڹүӵǰͷ
̫̫ԪʯԬ˵˼һҲﹻȥģѵҪΪһӣ˼еҲҪԪʯа
ס죡½̫̫Ԭƣʲôط˵ķ𣿡
Ϊ˼ҵǹ˼ҵˣʲôʱֵõȥĽҳ䵱˼˵ȥȥӽλʳʦôЩ½̫̫Ԭŭ𣬡Щ͵ٹļױȥԬңҼʹҲδ˵һ䲻ǡһͨˣڹ˼ҹıͲסû뵽һͨˣȴҲȵ޵ߵͷˣ
½̫̫⻰һֹ˼ǶɫѿүӿԬɫҲ׵ıˡ
ʵ޵۸ڶģǿЩͨˣԼǲһ·ġЩүǺٴԬ̫̫ţ뱻֪Լ޴
˼ǶֺγǣȷͼȥԬһһЩӣλӣȴԶԬģԴδҪԬΪҡ
ԬΪŮʸй֮󣬾ֱɱԬ
ǹ˼ǶôҲû뵽ԬĵӾȻô󣬸ù˼ҵĶȥԬҡ
̫̫ôܺԬû뵽Ĭ½̫̫Ȼʱ򻹻˵ĵһôù˼ҵĶԬȥ
ҺԬҲΪԪδףŶ׼ңԲŻƵ߶
ģҾûù˼ҵĶȥԬҡ
𣿡½̫̫ЦûöȥԬңôŵԪôԬδ񣿻Ԭδ˽ܶΡԬδԪʲôҲףүӻ𣿡
ԬûкôϹ
½̫̫˵ЩĶҲ׵ĳ˲٣ǳ׵Щլơһ޵ߣ˲ˣֱɱ˾ͺãƫƫмɱһͨˣ̫ƵĽǱ˵̤ʯ
½ѩң㲻ֹң㻹ԬˡԬץסʲôѱһԬãã㿴½ѩʧķ衣
ܼ޸Ԭδ½ѩǺҰ´½ѩҪᣡ

24 루

½̫̫޵֮ˣȻԬһ֪˵ˡ
ֻ̧֣һ˲ԬԼӲܿƣһԬĲͳ½̫̫£ƺֻҪ½̫̫һͻᶪ
ЩԬûٵԼĴϻۣ޵Σǵ֪Ǵ½̫̫ųٹ飬˭Ķ֡
Ԭջǹ˼ҵһĸλҲڷڹ˼ҵЩ˼ߵݡ
Ȼڴ˿̣Ԭ֪ˣӣˡ
Ҽʹ˿ɱ㣬ٳĻɻƣҲû˻ң½̫̫ݱ䣬ټյᣬԬڿһ㣬ʹ˼ǰҲֹң
룬ûһ޵ߣΪһͨ˴֡ʲôûˣǼңҾȥǵĶԱ
ҪڵĹ̫ү仰ɫҰס
½̫̫ΪϵĵۣǱȹүӻҪһЩֻһ̤
ֻǣЩ½̫̫ΪȻ˲ٻάڣһѡԱôɽܱըƽأڼҲҪˡ޵ˣûгװɱԷʱ򣬾Բ˱Ƶ·ϣԷԷһеѡԱң½̫̫ǵʦЩ͵ػ飬ԱҲȳ˴١
Ԭһ޵ѡԱʲôӣڳ޵˭ֲأӶµĺˣʱ֣Ҳһ
޵ϧʹѵʱҲһѡ͵ٻѡԱ
٣ûС
½̫̫˵˫Ԭֽ˽Ҳɱ㣬֡
ԬΪԼҪʱ½̫̫ŷ֡
Źүӣ࣬ԪһΣԪʯ˼ǲǲˣʹλʳʦջҲں
ѩүüͷ£ǿ顣
Ԫһ𰸡½ѩŹүӵӣЦ֪ڵʲôģȷǳģ˼ҲԸ⻤ôһỤ뿪˼ңҲ뿪˼ҡ
Һʱ˵㸺ңһ뿪˵ҡҵһֱҵǸˡ
꣬ǹүһֱ׷½̫̫½̫̫ĺҲЦ˵һôҲû뵽ЦȻΪʵĴڡ½ѩ֪Լʹ޵߲һҪϵĵλҪֻһȵԺ޸үӺҲ˵뷨ǳ׵Ĳһġ
ˣֵʱҲۡ
ҡүЩᣬҪ½̫̫ߣȻһǧһԸ⡣½̫̫ȻеĵʦŲľͶݵϤĵʦҲ٣ΪסҪùүΪ½̫̫ƷѼԪʯ־ʵǺۡǻΪ˹ĺӣֵ̫ˡ
Ȿǹ˼ҵļ£ҲöԵġԬÿŵϱڵԬƳһЩãȻĹԪ㣬ǰ˵ȻСĴôС͸Ϸ
СѾĺӣԼҪԼеѵܻСһ𣿡
½̫̫ŹүӣʵҲѾ֪˴𰸡
ڹʱ򣬹˽º½̸̫̫Ľҷ顣½̫̫Ⱦȹʳ־ԼԲǱƵһĳ̶ȣҲ¶˵Ǳ½̫̫˵Լļƻǹ˼Ըô֮ῴϣڹ˼ʳʱ򣬲ٴǹ˼壬ô᳹׵Ķ˺͹˼ҵϵ
½̫̫ʱ͹˵˼˲˵˶˵Ŀ̱
½̫̫ڴʱ֪Լ޴Ŀ£޵绹ֶָڡ
޵˽һԱΪһӿƿ͸
ã½̫̫ѹûԬã׵ĴڣҴҵ뿪
½̫̫źˣĴϷĸҲԸһܷȥλ˰ɣҲӶµģѹûλʳʦλʳʦߵСˣҡͷԺһȥĽңڴ˼㣬͵ÿԼľˡ
ү֪һѾʹǧԸ⣬Ҳûа취ˡȴǲҳ׵ļŭ½̫̫ԷԸ˹˼Ƕó˹ıơ
СıҴˡվɱ䣬С͹˼ңûаϵˡ
ģħģ
үӵԲ˫ۣˣ˰ɣ
ôЦ뷴ڣ

25 һ

үӴʱҲ˼ַŭ޵ô꣬ٻᱻвˡ
δӴλʳʦѹ֪˵ʵңǼŭλʳʦֻʲô顣
ҪʲôģүӳĬãſźʣǹˣˡѴ
ͳģ˼˶ܺ͹ϵˣӴԺ͹˼ûаϵ趼ɣ
ֻЩүüһ۲ԶŹ˫ֵĹѩһʱЩԥ
νħģָΥԵˣᱻħӴÿеʱ򣬶ᱻħ谭
ԣ޵Ըȥġ
ǣֻҪ˺͹ϵģүΪδɡ
ģүĿ½̫̫ŲǲǴӴԺλҲŹ˼ˣ
˵ͷȻԩͷծүĺҸ֤ʳʦ˾Բǣ
ãүûʲôֱħġ
չǴ󸻴󣬻ֱӱ˵ҩɵҩǱ͵ɭ֣˼ûаϵ
˼үӳ׵ĺﻹЩ˼ˡ򣬾Ͷνͼĵλѹƹ˵鲢Ѱ졣
Ҫһ𣿡½̫̫֪ԼӴ˺͹˼Ҳûйϵ̧ͷһȦվԼΧǣߣܿࡣ
ź½̫̫ѾߺСǣͷڹ˼Ҷ꣬Ȼ׳ȥʲô
½ʦ㲻ӣʹ߰ɣߵ½̫̫ߣū˼ҵģҲ뿪𣿡
Ҳվ½̫̫ߣ½ʦź˳ٹС꣬ԸźС㡣
ȻֺУȴҲûվˡ˽º½̫̫֤ԼĹļ£ͷЬ棬
ã½̫̫Ҳ֪νůһĵʦһǷ˾޿ĺӣȻʲôӣߣ
ȵȣһͳӽ𣬡̫̫Ǵȴ󱯵ˣҲ뿪ɡ
˳ŷĵطȥһٷӣŹ½̫̫
ӵƺˮΪĹ߲ԣķɫһҲƲɫ
ԬԬЦ㵹Ǹ֡
ԬҵӣʵȴԬҵˣôҲҪԬңȺؤԬԬСסգҲ󷢴ȱĸ㣬뿪ˣһ̾ͻᱻ͵
һıʸ֦ɱʴ˵ضԼ
Ԭ䵭˼ҵʱԬұͬ˵ǹСˣҲǹСĹҴӴ˲ҪٻԬҡԣ仰һֱǵá
̫̫Ԭһζ½̫̫˵߰ɣ쳣㼴ʹɱңҲԹ޻ڣ
Ԭһ½̫̫ҲЩ㵣ôҲû뵽ӾȻҪԼ뿪
½̫̫Ԭᣬֵ֪ģûԪʯǳȥֻסڱ˵ĵطǺӵ
֮ԪʯǵҩҶû㣬ÿԼ㣬ҪԸߣʹҪȥɭԹӣ
ͨ˲֪ɭֶΣգɴǰסڸԬô᲻֪أڰԼӷա棬ʱᶪ
޵ʬ׿ԪʯɭޣȴǺǵġûа취ˣ˭Ը̤ɭأ
֪Ը⡣Ԭ˵ɭҲֻǺ͸ĸȥˡ
Ԭ֪ôľԼĹʦ
мơ
ȻԸţɡ½̫̫ͷûپܾˡ
㲻ٽԬˣ˵֮ǰֽĽԨ޴Լɡ
ĽԨ޴Ԭ
ĽԨ޴Բ˫ε˫ۣȻЦŵͷл½̫̫
˭ҪԼıأԬ֣ĽԨ޴ԣ˸СèСȡ˸вơһ
˼ȻֹĽԨ޴뿪˭ԸԬδооϾĹҲǹ˼ҵˣĽԨ޴Ը͹һߣ˼˺ԬȻǺܸ˵ġ
½̫̫͹үӶ˷޵ǣߣߵֱ뿪ˣҲδʰ
ֻǹүôҲû뵽ȥ½̫̫סԺ׼½̫̫µĶʱȴԺڿյģʲôûС
ֹ½̫̫¯ųٹ֮ǰڹ½̫̫ԺĶҲ׵ʧˡ
ˡүû뵽½̫̫Ҫ뿪˼ûʰΪʰˡүţԼһԹޣ½ѩڵġ

26 

Ľпջס½̫̫ȷˣԼûɱԬǺûùүһЩԪʯ
ŵĲ´ЬģԸȥȡƽȵĵ·
뵽ЩԬ͹ү飬½̫̫ʳԲȥˡ
½̫̫ûޣֻȥ˹ջ
Ϊ뿪õʳʦ壬˸֪λνʳʦʵǹԼСֻ½̫̫⣬ҲûиˡʹĽԨ޴Ը뿪ǹλȴδ̸Է֮Ĳޡ
ĸѽ⿪ߵĶ¶һŰ۵СôԼˣ᲻游᲻ù˼ң
⺢ӣ֪Һ޲ʹ뿪Ǹѡ½̫̫֪ڵԼԹ˵˼ңģֻǾñǣ
ĸôأô󣬿϶ڲסࡣ֪游廹ηˣǱƵħģҲضѿ½̫̫ǰ˵游飬ҲΪԼĴֻΪԬ̫̫ԬĴԼʹĸûɱǣڹ˼ҵĴȴ˸ܡ
Ԭ̫̫ԬҲѣΪ˼ҲûϾ˼ҺԬҲܳ׵ַ˵游ӣôأ
½̫̫룬Ż˵ֱӷǣһǡ
޾ţһʣʣ˾С
ʵĸαǵĴԼأ½̫̫ףЦ˵ֻҪǹĺãȻõͷ
үӺ͹˼ΪǵˣǺ޲ù½̫̫ǹĺãô˼ҵˣҪҹҹ˯ˡ
֪½̫̫֪ԼЩԣȴ뵽Լһʱ벻ףùĽ̽ԼϽ˵Щȥڿջﲻȫ
ĸҲ֪ڿջﲻȫΪβһסĽȥź½̫̫ʳջܻġ
½̫̫ЦŻش𣬡ҶôˣںʲôҲȥĽң˷ʳġ
ʵ㲻ΪԪʯǡ½̫̫һ˵ţһߴóһӵݸһԪʯš
ǰչӶλˣǲء
֪½̫̫ƢȻóԪʯˣͲջȥ
Ҳģͼλ˶˽°Ľ£Կ̵ϣҴ۵ġȻۿۣȴҲˣֻǹ½̫̫۸񡣹ӹ½̫̫ݹԪʯüͷĸߵĶˡ
񳤴׬ԪʯˣúúõТˡ
ʵ½̫̫ĶԼʲôڵʦ޷ǵ¯½̫̫Щڹ˼ҹټѣҲδҪԼĵ¯ѾҲûʲôã˵¯ȻۣҲڡ
ΪʲôʹҲûϵ
á½̫̫ŵ˵ͷʲôƵ˵һ磬Ԩ޴һȥɭ֡
ЩڿջＯϵģԼͶ·ˣȥɭһֻ׬ԪʯԨ޴Ҳȥˣû
˭Żʱ˵ǲһֻޡԨ޴һЩˣ׬˰˰Ԫʯ
ְԪʯ˹˵ǡ
½ֹ̫̫ѯʣ˵ʲôˣ
˵ҸȥĽҴϵãıλʳʦ۸ˡ½̫̫̾һ˵Լˣ֮󻹻һȥɭ֡
Ȼջ᲻գеٶȴͨ˿졣
Ѿˣ
ôҲû뵽λüĿ续꣬һת۵Ĺֵǰ档
ĸҪȥɭˣջңźŰɡ˵ȹЩӣҰլɻλʳʦ壬ʱҲԡ
ڴʱ˿ջ
ʹ½̫̫ε󷨣ȴ
½̫̫վŹ˵Ҫҳȥ
Ҳ֪Լڴʱóֻ֣ǵ˵ͷĸСһЩ
ջ⣬ԪԬżλվڿջĴڣһֺӡ
Ԫ㣬ǾסԬ˵ԬĽԨ޴ҪĶװռ˳¼ʯıˡ
Ǵһɱ˵ģҲֻǧԪʯƾʲôĽԨ޴һ˾˰˰ߣ޳

27 ί

½̫̫סĿջ־Ӫģ򻱳󡢵ضõĿջ
ʱǡҹٿ˶ˣڹԪԬô߽ʱѾв˴չˡ
ֳĶ̫Ҳ˱ڻ˯ĽԨ޴
˳¥վŵһȺˣһ۾ͿȺеĳʯ
ĽԨ޴һΪҳأԬѾĽԨ޴ȴټһҰ˿ûѪɫӡĽԨ޴һֲ̬㣬ʮֵĴۣ㱾ıʯԸȥɭ֣ѾʮֿˣȻ߰˰Ԫʯˣɲܶ𱨣
ĽԨ޴ڶԸ޵ʱˣ±½̫̫԰Ԫʯֺ󣬾ֱӶҧ˿϶Һʹ
ֻһֻߣҺȵػ𣬳жĻȻʮꡣ
ʯĽԨ޴ϵĶͷϸܵĺӣʱȴûкʹȺӣԬС㣬̰˰Ԫʯ
ɡɾ̰˰ʯƺЩηĽԨ޴Ԭվվƾʲôô࣡
ĽԨ޴̧ͷһƾʲôƾΨһһһʯǱģ˵УûԪʯƷͻ̥УǲԸһûдﵽˣ޺󣬷İԪʯ㡣
ʣĸкӶţһһûﵽ˷İԪʯ?
ʯͷ
ĽԨ޴˵Ķûдȷûдﵽһȥɭ׬ԪʯΪ˻ծչӡӲǸͨˣԶûʲôӰ졣
ֻǳʯôҲû뵽ǵȻôãսɭ־һֻߣƺܴĽԨ޴ϵֻĽԨ޴ûж֡ɱĽԨ޴ȴں߾ʱͻȻŵĸЩ֪룬ҲƬ̣ĽԨ޴նɱ
ѾǶڣ첽ˣǧԪʯļ۸
˶ΪĽԨ޴һնɱǧԪʯӦùĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴ֻ˰˰٣ʣµǷˡ
ǷֵİԪʯĳʯȴòģھ̯Ϻ˺ȾƵʱ򣬱ֱӴԼնɱߵʱ򣬶ô͡˵ĽԨ޴ǵĺȣΧ˲Ҫͱ̫ĽԨ޴˼̫ˡ
봵ţ˭̯ԬҵˣһԬþ˹
ʱԬõʱǿϵŮһһʱҲЩʧˡԬԼ˵ĻǷĵʱͷģԬԼȻδһʵȴ
ʯΪԬĽģ˭֪Ԭȴ˵Ҫ
ʯʱƣʲô
ȹԪҲֵʱԬú͹ԪĽԨ޴鷳ֻһڡ
ʯڿջҲˣȻ֪½̫̫뿪˼ҵ飬֪Ϊ飬Ԭ̫̫Ԭﶼ˽ա˵ǷҪ˼ʵϳʯ˵үֱӴԬ̫̫Ԭ˫ȣǴӴֻڼﶼȥ
ԬǹԪĸʹԪƲԬʱҲЩˡ
ν򹷻ҪأԪùүӺ½̫̫û취ֻĽԨ޴鷳
ʯ׺󣬱ͬ˺ջ
ԪԬȻܴ˼ҺԬңɱϾǹ˼ҺԬҵС㣬ĽԨ޴鷳Ȼ׾١ĽԨ޴˰ԪʯʯЩԪʯٵҩȥλ¥ͷơ
ȻδһʵʯĽԨ޴İ˰Ԫʯֿһ۹Ԫ΢ᶨһЩǱı
֪֪ıϵжΣգߣͰԼɱˣ
ĽԨ޴ɭָĸȻǱĵȴûнӴʲôˣȻҲն⼸֡ĸȥֱǱһĴڣȴɻţΪľгһΪĸָ
뿪˼ңҲΪ֪˼½̫̫ʴȡ
ֻĽԨ޴û뵽Լ̫޴ˣȻųʯĻ֮ġ񻹸½̫̫鷳
ʲôû𣿡һֱĬĹԪ˿ڣڼǻڡ
˭ԸͱʯԸȥɭֳʶҲΪ
ĽԨ޴㲻ܰѱ˵ĺãȻ˰ԪʯóʯҪԸʯǸ
ʯһ⻰һ˿
һ̳ʯȴĽԨ޴˵һ䣬롣
Ԫüô붯֣
־Ͷ֣ǵûط½̫̫˳¥µһƽ˵ĽҵĿջס˲Ĵǣﶯ֣ᾪǡ
ԪҪսѡط϶㵱֣

28 

ΧٿֵˣĿⶼ½̫̫ϡ
½ѩ򻱳μʦ˵޵ߵǿʤģҲ̤ļʦľ硣ֻ½ѩ̫ˣԸΪһ˸һУҵĽ
ټĹٻеʦĺ½ѩһҡ
½ѩٲҲǸĵʦΪʳĹϵѾָһЩĿǰȹڡֻҪٸ½ѩһЩʱ䣬ܴﵽ߼
½ѩųҪԱĻҲ˴˳˭Ըȥһӣ±ۡ
ԪôҲû뵽½̫̫ȻվỤĽԨ޴
΢΢ĿĽԨ޴Ŀ˼ִ
ĽԨ޴ļӢ⣬濴ʲôصĵط½̫̫ô˵άԪЩ벻סѵ½̫̫İĽԨ޴
½̫̫һĻĽԨ޴Ϊ𣿡ԬðѹԪ뷨˵˳ϴżֳ̫̫Īǲ֪ǲġĽԨ޴Ȣ˹ǻẦеأ
ĽԨ޴Ʒʵ̫Ǹ𱨵СˣҪ˼Ϊһ˳ͷǲֵأ
ڹ˼һգԬõЩѾǵ½̫̫ᷳԬֲ½̫̫ѹٸԬð棬ôҲҶ֣
һɣҸӰ͵ջطѡԸǵս
Ԭþ½̫̫Щ̫̫⻰ʲô˼Ҫ۸Щ𣿡
۸ôˣ½̵̫̫ЦЦ۸һŵˣҾͲ۸ȥ
ЩƢ̫ãèèҲȵͷˡǲǵļ
Ԭú͹ԪٿڣȻỤǣȴ˻Ϊһ½̫̫
˭֪½̫̫˴̼ʲô顣
ĸЩ㣬ҲҪΪЩСԪżΣЩίαΪһĸأ
һģΧ۵Ҳڸ˵̫̫αΪһΪԼ˰
ǣԪС㲻ԩ˵ģ
½ѩ㱻Ԫǲǵʧķ谡ҲΪѣ͹ԪְҺӵ鷳ʲô£
ǣ½ѩôǸĸˣȻΪ֮ŮģҲĳ

Χ˽˵½̫̫Ĳǡ
Χ̸ŷԸվڲԶУ壬öҩιʯ
пŹӿռָóһСƿ򿪺ϲЦЦС㣬ȥ
öҩʵֽ浤˵滰ĵҩ
ֵֻҩʦȼı仯ǿöһ浤ʯѾ´ˡ
Щоڿ浤ʱЩ棬ԼڹڣôһֵҩﻹҪʲôơһöԼо¡ȴ룬ڽó
д˳ȥȻ¥һԾ£ѸٵߵʯߣסʯĲֱӰѵҩιȥ
еĶ̫죬˭ûзӦ
ʯֲеĶ֣ڷµҩ󣬸ŵ
һ̳ʯԺһͷۣһֱ˵ͨˣûκҲںƭĽԨ޴Ҹȥɭ׬ԪʯӺͺӾˡʵЩԪʯֻҪծȥ¥һЩӡ
ĽԨ޴һɱģֻǰϻ˵ӦðԪʯĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴ûҪֻ˰˰١˵лԸҲǱ˶ܸмĽԨ޴ź˵лл˵ĽԨ޴´һҪȥ
ĽԨ޴߶Һˣ֮ǺȥɭˡҲŸҴţ˵Լɱġû뵽ԬСҵĻΪĽԨ޴۸ңҪҳ
ұΪСĽңҪ׽ҲûСζԲźǽ̸ڲƭǺйϵɺҲ֪СĽԨ޴鷳ΪСǣͽԪ
ʯ˵ȴԪתָ̧ͷ
ʯʧȥͷҲ˵ֻ۵ڵϴʱΧҲˣιʯĵҩ浤
ŰŹԪ˵ˣʱˣβ͵Ĺһ͵͵ĴȺȥӰ
ԬõɫѿôҲû뵽ʯȻҴԼ⡣
⣬
νĶ𱨣ıǳʯĶɡЦЦŹԪôСĸ׺С뿪˹˼ң޲С㵱Ǻݶڿ˵֮飬ά飬νάҪϾɱ𣿡
ԪɫѿôҲû뵽еϾȻ浤
£õĴһ𣬡˳ʯĲԣȴǺõģԲŻˡ
Ԭδ˽һ¸߷ģ½ʦι£ǳҲһӼƽϰɣ

29 

Ԭδһ°ɫĳۣ½ڴý˿Ҷš
ԪԬڿԬδ֮󣬶һ
ԬδòȻȲĽԨ޴Ԭδȴǵ֮ӣ򻱳μꡣԪÿμԬδƴһС¹Ƶģͣ
硣Ԭᣬﻹ˼ίôˣ
ҷ˵ˣͺ·ʲô顣Ԭδִ̧óһӵݸԬãʮֵᣬҲ̫ˣ˵Ļôܺҵأ
֪£Żᶯ֮ġ´λ£Ӧú͸£֪𣿡
Ԭһȴ޵ĸˣݷίˡ
һȴЦЩ̣ǰԬδԬ⸱ӣ˭أ
ҵĲǡԪЦЩݷˮˢ֦ͷҡҡ׹Ļ䣬ƵЩۣͻСĵԲŻᱻáΪδɩӣȴûչ˺һ֣ҵĲԡ
ԪתĽԨ޴Ľӣᡣ
еʱ˽˵ȥӸԬ˺ĵ㣬ӡ㲻ԸԬԬҲἰǰĶ飬뿪ɡ
ĽģԬ˾㣬ǡ
ԪڵǸȴżݡ
˭֪ĽԨ޴ĺÿ˫տۣϺõһ͸޵磬ʵòĽԨ޴ıٺÿҲõʲôգԼʹĽԨ޴Ҳû޵Ҫȥ
Ӹĵطȴǲһġ
ӸʮֵţӺͻ¥Ůûʲôÿ˶ͿǺ˵֬źɫعˡ˵ӸĸһļˣԶԸĽԨ޴Ǵ´ġ
һ޵߲䵽ľأΧ˿ĽԨ޴ȴ˼ʹе޲ôĽԨ޴ƳĵϢ
һᱻ͵УΪڲƭûҵҲûҵƣûȨҡԬνǿнҴ˻ȥĽԨ޴ԸȥΪĸĲʱϱˣټϻʹЩվӣԬ˵ӣȴûףֻǰҵʹԬһǿдһҲϣҴԬδȥ͹˼Сס
Ԭһڻ飬ǲյľ飬ȴҪ߸ϵƷԲԬұдȴҲԸҸõȡԬδ񣬶ҡ
ΪԬҵ֪ǱջᡭջẦС½̫̫
ĽԨ޴ˣҪָ״ϺõľС㣬ڿ˵ԬҶж飿ԬҶʲôأԬĹ˼νĶ飬ô˵ĺݶҳС½̫̫ߣǹĲأ
½̫̫ŵʦԬܵĵز𣿻й˼ң˼Ҳǡ
ס죡ԪôҲû뵽ĽԨ޴ǵʧķһȻὲ˵һ˵
Ϊֺ½ʦȢϹ𣿡
ĽԨ޴ȻЦЦ½ʦС㶼ҵĶˣûгԪڳʲôأΪԬδĻȢ㣿
Ԫɫɷס
һʱЩӲˡ
Ԫ㲻ҪԬδԪһҰ׵ӣ̾һĽԨ޴˵δ򡭡ǿ
ĽԨ޴ϣ㲻ҪһٴӦ뿪ȻẦġ
һջʲôĽ
Ԭδ˵ŹԪԬһ뿪ˣĽŲŻ˵ȴ˼ֵǱ
˭ҲûԬδ͹Ԫ˵ӣһʱֵ˶̲סʼ
ĽԨ޴ԬδĻ󣬲֪ôģĿȴǺݺݵı˲һѷذףǽɳһĺһסԼ¶ʧ̬ģ
ڵĳʯɺеȴûעһЩע⵽ĽԨ޴ɫѿŷŵ£ȷԬҺ͹˼̫
ûҲ˻ȥǰԵ
ĽԨ޴ȴûע⵽Щͬǿźк½̫̫˵лл󣬲Żڡ
һأҲ̲סϵʹ̱Ӷ˵ϡ
㲻뿪Ů𣬡ֻҪԸ£û뿪
ʲôûйϵҲᱻ˭ġ
ĽԨ޴Ѿ۵Щʶģ̧ͷ㿴һϤա
С㣿ĽԨ޴Լξ볰ЦԼ룬һǰһڣ㳹׵˹ȥ

30 䶯

ߵĶҺȵػ𡣡½̫̫ĽԨ޴ֶԹ˵ҪĻܽ⡣
ǲʱⶾ߶Һʹٻʮꡣ˵ߵĶҺʹиʴԣʹǳ͡
ɱȹ˶ٵĽԨ޴ΪЩԪʯǻĿԴʱ½̫̫Ҳϧȥơ
ҲʲôĵҩҲ˶Ԫʯ뷨½̫̫һĸӲʣڿջúõšһȥͺ˵ǵĿͷֺţѰҲܴŵˡ
½̫̫üסͦõģΪʲôҪֺŵӣ
ĸҲ֪򻱳˲·ˣǳġ½̫̫ЩԪʯǻҪġ
½̫̫֪ԼÿڳĹ޿κΣ㲻˵ʲôҲ֪ôˣСʱһĬģȴʮԻа취˵Լ
ڿջ̫ͣãҪտĽԨ޴󣬲Ŵӿջ뿪
пŴϱʹŪֱüĽԨ޴Ҳ̾һ
ĽԨ޴Ȼű˵վǸ꣬ƽһֱĬδʲô顣ҲΪ٣Լʹƭȴĵǽճʯ飬ǻ᳹׵İĽԨ޴һĴƣĥĸɸɾˣһĳ󣬽ʵ
ʱѾصĽҡ
Сȵ󣬱㼱Ҵҵشȥ㣬˵кϢˡ
ĥţԼҵլϢˡ
Ȼһͺ͹ˣѾҵ˽Ӵˣ˵լӦƼҴҵʵǿտӣҵ˻ף˵լôҲ˽еȥۣҪתֳȥլʮĸ߼ۣϧȴûԸܣ˼ǣһЩҿ϶ٽ۵ģʱܶʮԪʯ
򣬵öԪʯ˼Ƭ̲Żʣʮõ𣿡
ͷʮȻģûбҪֻҪٵһЩӡ
̡֪뷨ȴҡͷܣ򻱳ľѾʼתˣΪӡ飬Ѿвٵ˵򻱳
ȥ̽ĸʱҲ֣ջ˸ŶʵЩˣӦûż˻켣С
żҲĻȵˣôֵģ
Ϊרʳóʳˣڲⷽһݡ
ŴҶڿ֣ҲƽʱţʵҲù쳣
ջǾ֮أô½̫̫Щ뿪
ʵ½ʦĽסġһҪ½̫̫Ľҡ½̫̫ʦָĽŵĵʦôЩ˶棬ĽҲûкôģ½ʦԸ⣬һֱסĽҲǿԵģҵլٺãȴҲĻ
Ľҵլ򻱳һĺãҵլȻȲϡ
ϾĽԶĸۡΪĽԶǳĹϵвٵ˶ĽҽҺңԽҲԸһЩңٺõĵطҲ½̫̫ļңԹһܣ֪ΪҺãĸ˳Ľҡҵլºһ˵ҵլλʳʦµġĸλʳʦ̸ĸŻȥĸۡס
ٹһӣҲ˵λʳʦͽܡʱҲܹʳˡ
ϾλʳʦǶ׫ģӾҲ˷ֳе쳣ʱһ죬Ϳλʳʦ뿪򻱳ǡ
½̫̫Ѿ뿪˹˼ң¹˼ҵҹ
ֻҪլӵķ󣬹үӼʹҲǻη󼸷֡
ҲҪԪʯġ
ԣŬ׬Ԫʯ
һĸĽסһӡҲ֪ʲô˽Ҳ½̫̫½̫̫ĽԶҲϲҲԸĽһЩʦĸ˵ϲЩĵ˾ʮֵ
˵ĻشԼˣҲ˵ʲô
⺢ʮֵǵͷȥϵţʮҵլӣĵһԪʯ͵̧ߵˣ
û⡣ԪʯһֱûãҲоʳţʳȴǰʡĲ٣Ǿ鷳ˡ
鷳ʣʳն˲٣Թ˼ҵˣҲҪġ
붼û룬ʳ˼ˣ𣬾˵ʳʦԸˣ͹˼һйڡ
˼һҪ򣬾͸˫Ԫʯ
㳶˳ǣǲ̧߼۰
Ҫ֪үһҪͻ˼ȻҪʳģǱү֪ˣҪѪ

31 ѧͽ

ϣүλʳʦʳ˼Ҫ˫۸ʱĲҪȥλʳʦһܡ
վڹүǰׯ£ǰԬ̫̫ǰʮֵԺܿΪ˹˼ҵĴ¡
Ϊ½̫̫ߵʱ˵ǷүӱʮԬԬ̫̫ʵүʮ½̫̫Ϊˣ½ѩǸϲŪǷǣˡΪ֪½ѩӣԹү֮ŻִԬ̫̫Ԭ˫ȣǲȥԬ߶
ΪˣԪ˽»ҹүӣϣүˡԬһ
үӲ֪Ԭﰵ˸Ԫ˵үṈ̀ѪˣùԪúõչԼҪ˺Ԭҵϵ
Ԭ˵ⷬ޷ԪյĸϣùԪ
ԪҲȷˣἰϣ鲻ҪӰ쵽˼ҺԬҵ
ү֪ϢŭùԪԬһǳĶȥԬ̫̫Ԭβֹ˫֣Ҳд֣Ǹǵͷ˿˼յ֣ʮֵúݾ
ʱСѾƼԬ̫̫ԬĲ״ŵֱӾ˹ȥ
үӡׯΪ˼ҵĴ£ụ̂ĥ͸ϲչصĹүӵӣʱҲ˼ľսԼԬ̫̫һңʳҪ𣿡
ʳүӱۣһʮֿա
Դ½ѩ뿪˹˼Һ󣬹˼ŵļλʦ֪ϢҲ½½ѡֽ뿪˹˼ҡ½ѩҪʦʱ򣬹ү½ѩ˵˼Ҳܰװ׵ǣҪһ뿪˼ҡ
½ѩȴǾܾ飬˵ʦԸô׵ңֻһʦû㹻ʦ˼ĳ̶ȡҪǣ½ѩ˵ʦ壬׵뿪˼ҵġ
壿үһ뵽֣ͺ޲Ĳյ
Щ˼ûٸЩʦݺҩûкôˣ˵߾ˡ
һȺǡ
򡣡û㹻ĵҩãҲΪõҩһЩԴʱѡʳһУõѡ񣬡һһöɡ
ׯüү˵Ҫö
ҪöүĶ£ֻҪһ뵽˼ǶЩûйܺԬֳ飬ͻðɣԼȥ׬
ׯ¼үӲɿڣ㲻˵ʲôˡ
ʵʹʳ۸ҲǧԪʯڡ˼ЩΪ½̫̫Ĵڣڹ˼ҵĵʦҲЩҩȥҲ˲ٵԪʯ
ǹүӴǸ󷽵ģԼӣҲʮֵġЩʦڵ֪½̫̫ٻع˼ҺҲҽ뿪ˡϾЧļ䲻ʲôôġ
ͬʱҵլҲ˳ĵ˹
µٶʮֵǣֱ˵һ䣬λѪҪҵլӣٹ侲ˣ㲻һˡ
ҵլٺãҲҪٵԪʯңĹֲǽ˶ȤһЩ˭ԸһĶȥоν󷨣ĶȤľͰȥˡ
ҲΪʲôҵլ򻱳һֱ̫ߵļ۸ԭ
Ҽ㲻ɿڣּҪԪʯԱ㼱ŴӦˣʮԪʯļ۸ɽլӡ
ӹʳ׬˲ٵԪʯʶҵĵһԪʯʮ
ʵҲʳ׬ô࣬˼˫ļ۸ʳʱҪĹǲǸĹˣ
־뿪Ѿвˣҵ֦ˣûʲô£լ΢ֵǮĶ֧͵ȥԪʯˡ½̫̫ȥ֮ǰֻһԪʯԺӣҵ󷨡
һλڵʦµģլڽ۸Ҫ󷨵ʱֻվڳ⣬ܸоһɵҵլԺϡֻլӣѾĳ½
ʱ򻱳Ҳ˲ٵϢ
˵Ľסʳʦҵլ͸½ʦ˵½ʦһʣ֮ǰ£ƽˡ
ɶһլӸ½ʦλʳʦ˭ôһʦĵͶҲִ̫˰ɡ
Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵ʳʦ˹ͽܣڹôʳأ
⡭СҲ̫˰ɣҲ뱻ʳʦŵӰ
ǵϢʱˣµϢǣ½ʦϵĵѾ˲ˡλʳʦֺ½ʦʳ½ʦΪ½ʦˡ
½ʦΪļʦǱ޵ٹʮض̤ļʦľ硣
ļʦûɣȻҲļʦˣ
Ԭڲ¥˵򻱳飬Ժȫŭ

32 

ԴڿջԬŹԪͳʯһĽԨ޴½ѩ鷳һȵʱԬδڱȻûǣ˽ȴü˶ܽԬá
ԬõĸԬ飬Ԭùƻڱؽա
ԬδԬõǼ˺͹ԪЩԬûԪԹ
Ԫ˵Ԭ̫ðʧˣԬ⼸ԬδɺãǷҵ˻
Ԭ֮ԱǣԪ˼˵ĴǹԪ͹Ԫǰ˵εţ½̫̫εĿԬңô˳ʯĵԵȻ֪İ࣬Ԫ˼꣬ȻҲ֪侲档
ҡ
Żû𣿡ԬЩͷߵСѾҶСʱˣ
ҵҪʱءԬһͷӣ˵СķԸҲ𣿡
ŵȷٶȻܿ졣
źԬö꣬Ҳ˴ͶȡɵĿӽԬãҵСűһλ
ҵģΪϳһĹ̺̺е޵ϣ޵вٵ洦Ҳ𽥿ʼҡ˼ʮǰֳһڵС㣬޸Ĺڶ鵤ĳϵӣӴҲſʼʽ򻱳Ĵ֮һ
ΪԴӳ޺㲻ôϵָԲ˶֪鵤Ʋҵģʶ򻱳ҲĴĩȲĽҡ˼ҡԬҡ
ŵĸ׸ȡ֣ϣźλȥеĹùһɫȻȴûĸԸǸķƽƽ档
ôһͨС㣬ȻͨԬȥӽԬδ
ãԲ
ôδΥԬõķԸ˽¸Ըȥӽ͹һԷϲûĻܡ͵ô˳ҲŵĹ͡
ȻԬδȢԲŻԬá
ˡŲ¥ҵںͣº󣬸ϽԬ˵Сˡ
˾ˣôʲôԬüһϲӣǲãǵһμ𣿡
Ԭñ˲ӵĽգԴʱвٵŭ𣬺޲öߵ˳׵ķйȥҲ֪ԬõƢԸϽЦū澾˵ССҲ𣿡
СԸСС˼ӵĸū澸ΪССʶ̧١
ԬñһӵĻЩ󣬻СһЩ
ʱҲӺԬõߡ
ΪģŴŵ򻱳ʱ˵ġߵԬߣЦ⼸ҵ˼ʱ˵ȹӣһЩϣԬСϲ
Űɡҵ幦Щ̺ʹһЩ룬ԬҲܸܵҽЩ㡣
żʹʮֻĺÿķϣ˲̺ӣȻȴ̫ͨԬߵʱŸԵȻʧɫǳʻҶ
ǰЩӣԪ˴ǵҸ粻ˡԬ̾һ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ԬԬδʱһ˫ֽһţң֪
ԪҴ꣬ȴһ𷸴ʱΪҶ룬ҲĽҵĿջǳԬһΣҸԪҲãҺԪúС
ҺԬŲٵĲ࣬ԬҵļǸصˣԬլϢȻ
ֻ֪ЩӣԬõȷṳ̂ԬҵĴţԬδ͹ԪĴҲָ
Ѿڴԣ˵Ԭδ͹Ԫ£Ҫˡ
Ͼ½ѩ뿪˹˼Һ󣬹˼ҲٵĵʦҲ뿪ˣڵĹ˼ЩԪˡ
ԪܺԬδףռ˱ˣǹ˼𽥵İ䣬ôǻֱȡǸţֻҪ̫үһգ˼Ҳô׾ٵİģȴܱ֤ԬҲ˻顣
㡣Ԭ̧ͷת˻⣬˵Ӷŵĸųһֱ
ŵĴӵվãֲǲ֪һֱ磬ôأ
ҵС㣬׷Ҳʲôֵ顣Ԭúŵ̬ȣһ˵ĽԨ޴Ӷŵһֱ

33 

Ӷŵų£Ǹ弶ޡ
ΪΪ壬ЩӶŵˣӶųΪ򻱳ǰӶš
ҲҪ¼ֱ档
ӶŵĸųŲƭԬãֱ˵ֻǸӳûʲôµġ
ΪҲܣº
һ˫ޣյĵλܱȵʦңӶŵĶӳҲΪͶԵԵʣʵǿԣѹԸ
Ҳ˵ԴӳʯݺĽԨ޴鷢֮һɭͬһСӵҲ֤ĽԨ޴ʵȷܸߣ˿û߻ħΪˣ±ҲϵĽԨ޴һȥɭɱ׬Ԫʯ
µӹֱûʲô˼ԼʹĽԨ޴½ѩᵽҵլɺʱɭ֡
˵ĽԨ޴ʱȫǲ
˵ʵ벻ףΪʲôҪһıѵղĽԨ޴ẦӶ
ųȻôҲе㶫ġԬЦЦҺĽԨ޴飬Ҳ֪ġ
ΪĽԨ޴ˣҸ𡣡
ҸȻںãȻϣʲôáĽԨ޴ĶôܺҸᲢۣ
ϲԬδȻԬ˵ĲԸϽͷĽԨ޴˸֦Ь䡣
Ԭĵͷ˵ĺܶԣ½ѩԸ⻤
λʳʦΪͽܵ飬ŶҲжšʳ˵ʳҲȻʳûλʳʦĸߣȴܴûаʡֻûֻ֪ǰѴǰһʳ棬ʶˡ
ʳҲٵԪʯ
˭Ҳû뵽øȻλʳʦء
Դӹű㹦ˣӴ˳׵Ķ˺͹һ¹鷳һֱϹòŮӣú͹ǽԼݺ͵λ
ҴҰһ顭Ԭö֣ˣһҸ档
Ҳ֪ģҸܼҸ磬ôδزȡԪ
űЩԥΪԬõ˼ֹҪԸĽԨ޴ô򵥣ԬöԹҲ֮ǣȻֺĹ죬ԬõȷҪ˹
ɭʲô⡣Ԭ˵ܹ˭ֻܹðˡ
ŵɫҰףһʱ֪˵ʲô
ȹãŵ˵ͷ
ʱд󷨵鼮ʱ䡣
ҵլȻСĶĺ٣νĲͱĿտҲΨһûŲȴһд󷨵顣Щ˲ӣѾѻ˲ٻҳ֩
鼮һۣͶһ࣬飬ֵԪʯġ
ЩڽȥϧĹͽһƬһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ЩԪʯ˵ķء
˳󷨣ԽҲѹȱЩ顣
ʶ˵һѷ
ʱжڵϵ鼮οУ壬Щ鶼ǰ͵ģҲδ̫ϧˣŰɡ
򻱳д飬ѾĲˣǸϲˣԶЩİ飬Ҳ˼Ȥ
С㡣߽ԺͿڿ飬üͷ˵㲻˵Ҫ̫̫ѧôϿЩ߰顣
ĸ˵Ҷ֪Ըҿ飬Ҷܵˡȷû˵󻰣Ҳеʱ䶼ϡǣһˣڽӴػʱ͸Сˣʱ̫Ⱦġ
½̫̫̫һʦ˺Դδùʱͻȥѹ
Σֻܿ󷨵ǲһʱ䡣
Ķˣемֲţҿ㣿
ӣνһĿʮѾݹˣٶȼ죬ⷭһôܼǵĶ
ˮľͨ˵˵˵ԡ
̾һݵĻش𣬡ˮľͨԺһ죬＾ȥռȡȥϸ֦õģٺɵɫɰɫʹáˮľͨǿ
һһ˵ݵҩԣЩסˡ
١ʡ
ش𣬡٣һ죬ļ＾ԲɼĵĸҶҩԶͬٵĻ㣬Ůӷúɲͬ㡭
ж֪ųٹ½ѩԴʱڽʮζݺҲͿԼԺĶ
С㣡ĿɿڴһĲյ£㻹Ķס˰
ʲôҪ֪Щݵҩԣÿһζͬʱûע⵽ҩˣᵼ׵ʧܣը¯

34 ֪ͼ

ĳʱܴһСŮߵϻʵ۵ߣȻһıµġ
޷ļҲȳ˸˿û˲Ϊ޵ߵԵʣȴǰˡ
ųٹʱ䱳ݵҩԣѾòˣɹȴ˲¾ͳ׵ļסˡ
пŹŵģ˵ųٹ顣
գҲûųٹܳΪʦɺųٹȴˣ⡭
ûȥЦ˵СĿ̫̫鼮ˡ
ȻûƭУĸ˵Ϊ̫ͣԽӽػʱ䲻̫á
ʲôƵģͳһöݸĽүҴСġ
ǰƺЩϤʣģ
šе˵ͷöС㵱µ壬ԬҲȥ򣬵ں̵ƹ񽲼۵ʱ򣬲СˤһǡԬ˵嶼Ѿˣ۸ȻҪٵһЩ̵ƹ˴˵Ҫ´죬ҾԲԬˡ
ԬȻǴ壬ɵϲռС˵ëôҲδĹ
е˶Ϊö͸ԬδԬδԼΪ嶨ȻĶԼʹϵػ廵ˣҲûҪȥ¶һö˭뵽ڱûȥֲԬδĹϵȥһö塣
̵ƹҲǶʦ޹ö壬ĻҲĳмͣҪǣΪöµػ󷨵ˣԽġ
СҲ֪óı󷨣ʶöļ۸ҲһԪʯ
üǺöΪһֱûȥ
Ϊ󰡣࣬һԪʯأöڹУȥˡ
ΪƹҪᣬҶԪʯϵĶԲû˶ö˼ҵ˵Ҫ򣬿֪۸󣬱ûȥˡ
аݸĽүԴӷ˻󣬾;ÿǷ㶫ʱһɭ֡ǸֱģûпĽүĽүٵԪʯ
ǰգ˵ɱһֻڵޣĽү˴õԪʯ󣬾ȥ̶ö塭
̵ƹĽүǸµģǧԪʯء
еӹ壬öһμʱСһЩĻȴ˳׵ĸı䣬Ҫ֮ǰ˼Ҳѹּ۸ȥԬ˹̰С˵Ķļŭ̵ƹģˣҲƳȥ󣬻ȥҽʦϿ󷨡
̵ƹǸˣΪƷʣȴĬ˻˵룬ĽԨ޴õö壬ǰҸʳȥ̵ƹˡ
оȣӦòɣЩʳú󣬿԰ȹΪܴﵽҲǿͻƵģǲúȹ̣²ġ
˵֮־ĽԨ޴顣
ӳĬԣϲǷ̫ĶԹøԪʯҲδ˽»Ӷųȥ׬Ԫʯ
˵Ѿϻʲôˣ컹㴹½̫̫͹Ҳ֪Լʲô
ٶȱͨ޵߿죬һħٶȻᷭ
룬û½̫̫͹շĽԨ޴ħ֮
ΪټĹħ˶ûкýοĽԨ޴һأ
ȥĽԨ޴ˣҲϣȥʲôˡҲûоܾĽԨ޴ĺ⣬һԸ֪ͼҲǺ£ϣߵ˶Į޵ߣ壬ô
Դӳʯ鷢󣬹ȻĽԨ޴ˡ
е뷨Ҳһġ
ȥʹĹˣ˵ӶŵųΪֺҺĽԨ޴ûйϵзǳĺ͹˵ңƹ񻹺޳ĽԨ޴¶
ӶÿɱޣУ׬ϲ١
۹⣬Ǻŵġû̸̫ãͨ˵ҵСҪ
ţܿӳ¾ɵļ﷭ŵļ䣬һЦ
žȻҲǸеġ

35 ɻ鷳

ν²˵ıˡ
ڹļһĽӣʮֵϲԬδȴҪ͹װһӡ
ӵԭǸϻ۵ˣΪԱҲûзŵ쳣ΪźԼϵܲϾˣ֪˴˵ʹࡣ
Żӽ޷ԬõķԸҪɢԬδ
ʵڲףϵδĽԨ޴ԬδĹϵƲĸɸɾˣΪԬȴûûˣһҪ鷳ʲô⣬Ԭ˵ִţ
Ҫ֪ǰԬռıˡ
δȥƽϴǰԬȴ蹷һҧš
С㣿С𣿡Ȼ֪СڹƣֻǴǰʮСºҲ˺͹ϵеҹΪֺôʲôСʳ𣿡
ֻЦЦ
޵ߵ뷨ܼ򵥣еļıǿʵǰʵʲôѹûŵʵ̽ʵֵġ½̫̫򻱳ĸȣҲǿʵѹסЩııɴδ¹˭
ɡϲаľƣֱԼ˵һỰŴŵ׳Ԭõı
ЩãС㣬Ͻ̫ˣαؼ
ôҲǴǰʶˣҲһһε˰ɣܵҪش𣬡顣
ңһֱô֮Ҳ֮˼ֵ̫ھͼˡ
м֣Ҳû˵ʲô
ǵһ̤뱻ݹլԺլԺѾ½ңԵøơ˽£Ҳ˵үΪ½̫̫λʳʦ˽飬λʳʦŻլ͸½̫̫үӷ˱˵½̫̫ظôһˣֱҪ档
̫үԽߣԽΧȴΪ½̫̫ˣŻùү˵ܻ
Ϊĺܺá
ڱ󣬼ʹڼﱻΪѣֱ峹׵Ҳø
½ɽ£ĽҸۡľ벢Զƻ
ʱ½ͱ˲ٵطŸСѾߵ󣬼òһµĸۡҲЩȡ
½С԰ŵĵǹĵĵһЩһҲڸۡС˵ĵֻ򻱳ĽУһģû뵽½̫̫͹סĵطҲˡ
ô˵ع
ǲ˹ʺˡ
ŵ˼ּʣЩĹӹ֮ȥԬδԪʯ϶ȴǰˣѱԬòĶ
뵽ž͸ᶨԼĿġ
ԺԺԶԱ߻һҡ
ڼݺ½ε׳ۺ󣬶ڹԺ丽ңҲûʲôȵģЩһֱţ¹˲㣬û㡣
ҡ˵뿪˼ˣô˵ĲСģôʳʦأѵ֪Щ£Ҫô죿
ںλʳʦദôˣŵӺ󣬻Ҫ⳥ЩԪʯ𣿡
һ㼱Ҵҵ˺ܶ⡣
Ҳŷ׾ӵݼ̾һʦ˼һҪ⳥ԪʯģʳȥԪʯ
ţ˵㵣ңǡԥܽһЩԪʯջЩծһỹġ
ĻǸ˲ģŲŲӣԶһЩʲôԪʯ֪ͷһֱܽ
Ц˳ȻԬʹġ
ֻǺ˵ЦģôԪʯ˵Ҳ֪㲻ס
ɲǲ𣿡̾һһֱճףξȻáһӶŵĶӳҳסҲ֪ģôҲҵС㣬ôܺһӶŵĶӳףⲻ۸𣿡
ӶŵʱԺһ˿˭
ӶСӳ˵Źӽѹ˶˵ûʲô£ܻ쵽ӳλϣҲΪá
εˣҲź˵Щ顣ܲܰң
üô㣿
˵δĽԨ޴ҲӶܲȥӶŰҿʲôӵˡ
˵ⷬ󣬹ˣȻԬõһӡ

36 

ʱ˿ûпĳζǼ˵Ҳ֪Ȼܳ裬ұϾ޵ߣʹĸ۰ңҲҵķԸ
ҲΪŸˣûи㣬ҲΪҵģȴᷢô顣
û˿ˣֻˡ
ЦҺͲô֪Ǻǻ
ΪЦ޿κΣϾǰĹʼϧڹΨһһ뷨ˣȻÿζӦ˵ԬδĽȴҪǿѹŶģҪŬӽԬδ
ʱ߹ʯΪˮʯ
ֻҪһֱͶԬδôԬδضĶġ
Щ꣬ȷĽ飬ԬδٵĶͿųٹԪʯ
պӶŻڳǽѵһֻ޸ڹʯǵĳʱҲȥ˵ȥ̽¿ɺã
룬ĵɵѵ޵ĳᷢʲô⣬ⲻԶ׼
żɿڣ˵Ҳ֪ЩίȥˣһԬҶүҲȥġ
ĽԨ޴Ȼδ򣬵϶һģֻ֪ԬҵĶүżգѵԬҵĶү𣿸뷨
ҵĺýãٸһϢԪڿջﴳ˴һöүòˣЩӶүûôԪ
񣬶үûˣĺûᰡðסεĻᡣ
壬ʼŵĻ
ԬǶ֮ǵģʹûһݺҲһΡһΣԼ²⵽ԬõļƻʲôһԬûôݺô˵׼ˡǰţʮֵİۣúðЩʯһԶԶ߿
Щ˾ǻѪˮһͻһֱճ
ǲȥˣԱɬʣţҲȥɣ
ȻȥżɶˣǿˣǿջЦֻҲӴ
ȥұȥܻӭΪ㣬ɲȥ˵ġ
ֹװղԬδҲȥôӦһȥӶѵ޵ĹأҪ֪˶ȥôѱޣ볡ʮֲãȥȻҲ볡
ֻҪԬõȫףԪʯҲֵ
ԬýܼԬδ񣬻ùӴ˳׵ʧԬδǰֲΪأ
취ùԪҲճ֣һ˫
ſź͹˵ллֿʼ˵յʱ⣬Ǹ̾һ¹ӵıң˵һѷϻ󣬲ѡ뿪
һߣȥԺĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴Ȼǹδ򣬿ԴԺӣĽԨ޴Ծӣס󷨲ԶԺУһҪۡ
ĽԨ޴Ҳ½̫̫׬Ԫʯʱ򣬱ɭ֡
Ϊɱ˲ޣ⸮ۡˣԸӽĽԨ޴һŨصѪζ
ĽԨ޴Ҳ֪ǲԸԼҲûҪκź
ʶĽԨ޴Ժĥʱ̧ͷԺվĹʱΪۻˡ
С㣬ôˣĽԨ޴󣬼վԺ⣬ŵĲ÷ĳԼ֡
ôҲ𣿻ŵˣЩĽԨ޴̬һֱԼĲȴȻܰĽԨ޴ųǲǴˣ
ĽԨ޴ϽվӣҡͷûУС
˵ţϽóڷ˹ǰ
ĽԨ޴վĵطЩ룬ùԼڽѵӣ㺦ң
ǡĽԨ޴ͷϲįͲҡζѬġ
óʳͨ޵߸ΪĽԨ޴ԼϲѪҺζùöġ
Ȼȴ̲סЦ˳
ҲսϿɱôᱻѪζѬأңҲĽԨ޴ϵѪζŨء
˵Ĺ̫Աˡ
ʵȫûбҪ
ôζأѵûϴɾʡ
ĽԨ޴ϽҡͷȻϴɾˡ
ȻϴˣȻûζˡٺĽԨ޴⣬ֱӺ˵顣
֪պӶҪڳǽѱ޵飿ʲô֪𣿡

37 츳

Ӷŵ飬ĽԨ޴Ȼ֪һЩġ
Ϊʯ鷢ĽԨ޴Ľ䱸ı֮ǰ̫࣬ΪĲ¹Ԫʯ»
֮ʹ˶˵ǸֱصųҲδаٷְٵΡ
ֻڵˮЫֻҪγĶ̺ͻȶʱٸ޻㳹׵Ĳᷴˡѱ޵Ḷ́ĽԨ޴Ѿ˲ٴΣʮֵϤѱˮЫḶ́˹͵ģԻδγĶ̡
ԣ΢΢Ŀ
ˮЫûаγ̣ôˮЫĶһ޵ߣ弶µģ˲ϵľȫϣӴΪˡ
ⶾҩɽ⣬ֻǵ弶ĵʦƵĻˡ
ϧе弶ʦָֺοߵĹˡ
СҲҪȥ𣿡ĽԨ޴ЩɻԼЩ⣬СҪȥĻһ𡣡
ȻĽԨ޴֪Ǹ¼аյˣѱޱϾˮЫҲ·ʲô⡣Ҫ֪ȥӶѱ޵һдţ⣬ӶŸŲ
ȻٻӶŻѱʧܣΪӰ쵽ӶŵȴҲû
ţȥûоܾĽԨ޴ĺ⣬Ҳ֪ԼܾˣĽԨ޴Ҳţʱһȥɣ
ĽԨ޴ͷŨܵ۽ëĻŶ΢΢лС㡣
˵ллʲôϰڷŵ̾һ£лл㡣
룬ЩһҪ˵һµġ
δڣĽԨ޴֪˹Ҫ˵ʲôһŶԹ񣬡֪СҪ˵ʲô˶ΪҺС㡭
ĽԨ޴˵ֶһ٣ҴδҵСҵĶˣҵˡ˵Ļ㲻÷ϣҺĻԼʱϡ
һĽԨ޴ĻŪ޿κΡ
治ںôϾͳڱ˵ϣֹЩ˵ʲôɣ
ңֶ첻ɰɱġ
ҲҪ˵Щ˰ֻ֣˵͹ʳӶģӦúúõķ¡õĲģ׬ԪʯҾС
ĽԨ޴Ҫ֪һֱЩΪͻˣʱһᱣ㡣
ǰľ߹˻ϲҪֵˣһжҪԼŲʧĽĽԨ޴ĹǸˣҲԸշһӣȴչ˲һӡ
ΪˣδĽԨ޴ÿˣҲΪĽԨ޴ĺÿͻ顣
ԴӸĸȥĽԨ޴ÿһߵļı
ΪἱƲĹϵȴȴûϣǿ˿Ǳı뻤Լ
ĽԨ޴ţۿһȡ
ʹʯĳį飬Щ֪ΰο
ĽԨ޴˵˼仰ȥ½̫̫
½̫̫ѾеԹۣ˵Źյųٹ飬˵ѩ츳
½̫̫ҲΪģΪѧֻһʱȴĺܺáڿƻʱһҲһսӴ֣ڶԻ֪˲һʦ
½̫̫οڿʱҲ¶˸˵Цݣҽ׼˶ʮݣһŵҩ
ߡĸȥҡ
½̫̫ϵĵѾһ룬Щһĵҩû̫ġƵҩⷽ棬ϼصϸҲʶ½̫̫һθ
ֻһĵҩĸûġ½̫̫Ҳ֪ڵʲôһοڽͣİɡ
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38 

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ҪǣҲû˵Щҩȷ½̫̫Ƶġ
ȻǸˣȴ˵ĺ棬ûаѵļò˶š
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40 

Ыݵζܵ޵ߺѱϳϢ޵ԲĶˮЫҲŲ
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42 

ҲĽԨ޴˵СΪĽԨ޴Ҳڽҿʳвŷ֣̺ȻǱϵġ
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ʱˮЫǶµĹûаȤһļûУĿĶŲԶһŵˣȻ̧βŵ̹ȥ
ֻŮӵһҽкˮЫȴûֹͣĹ
ʱڰĽԨ޴ڿˮЫӺҲ֪͵͵ЫݽֻˮЫ͵ڣ񻯺ʱļڡ
ļ޺ž޴ļѾһЩǣǻøҲѪ
ĽԨ޴ˣüͷ
ʳУһʳȻְʳеݸ᷿һСˣұãȻҹȡ
С˻ûӦ㿴ĽԨ޴ƾճһѷĽһɫۣŽͳˮЫ˹ȥʱе˶ԶˮЫĽԨ޴ȴһߣΣյĵط˹ȥ
룬ÿסֻޣùˡ
ĿҲԴ˼˼
ʵѾ̽ŸЫݵķһĻˮЫ񻯵ǰˮЫȻѾǣŻ˵ѪɱЯЫݵˣõЫݡʶµһιʱǳ׵µĴڡһֱ׷ᣬˮЫҲᷴ
ҪôŶһЩЫݣҪôǹԪҲЫݡ
ʱ¥µĽԨ޴ѸٵļսеĳǺںϳΪһ壬ڹˮЫʱζƶˮЫĿⱾǷڵµŮϣͻȻתŲԶĽԨ޴ǿʲôζ̲ƷĽԨ޴ֱӿٵĳ˹ȥʹҪõסˮЫҲ޼¡
ĽԨ޴ƺѾϰ޶ѪĿǸΣҵӣӶĳԼһһ̳ˮЫڶβĿ϶˫۴ȥ
ĽԨ޴ڣʱļޣŲٵľ룬ݵĶȴɹĻˮЫһֻ۾
ˮЫۣӶźɫǯҪжĽԨ޴ĽĽԨ޴ǽޣ⽣ıˮЫѽôĽԨ޴ҲԪˡ
һ༱ļô󵶳ˮЫȥôˮЫƺûȤʱˮЫȫĽԨ޴ŭһҪɱĽԨ޴
ˣҲϽӰȥ
ҪʲôԬδ˹ĶϽҲȥקס˹֣𣿡
Ԭδ񿴼ĹҲ˹ϴŵĽָʵһͨĽָĿռָй壬ûв´Ļǵ׼͸
˵ӦĶûеԬδȴΪġ
ùս֣޷ΪȻֵܵػĶȴҲ쳣ĴҲΪԬڹʱ򣬻ᡮСġö塣
ȻҪȥüͷԬδ˵֣
ѵûʲô˵ģԬδĿڹϣƳһ壬Ѿһûˡ
Цʣûʲôϵѵһܽɣ
ǻҵԲ˵Щ𣿡Ԭδ̾һſʵҲ˼ϧԸҵңʵҲԡ
ԬδĿ⣬ԬδΪʲôҪסˡ
ԬδѹǵĹİΣǵĹȥĽԨ޴ʱ򣬻塣
ʵ벻ףԬδģԼǷأЩӿɴδǹԬδôΪԼԸأ
ԬδԴװʲô
ԸҵңҵĶҲˡԬδڰ뷨˵˳ʩؤһĿǰŮӣ֪һãΪҲ˵ĺȥ
αΪҵĿ⣬ԼЦأҪǣΪʲôһΪĽԨ޴Ĵڣע⵽أ

44 պ

ʱĹĺһĵҿԬδԴﵽװʲô
ǰϻʵҪΪʱʮֵĿܣ϶ͦġ
ڹһϣǷǵ˭ҲŮӱҪӣһҲԹĶ˶ʡ
ϻʵЭȷǿȥϻʵգȥ̣ԬδǵλǴϻ۶ϻʵ۵İٷ֮һôľùأ
Ȼ޵߶ԣҼʹһЩҲνϾֻǰ衣
ǹǾԲίԼģʹջᶯ飬ҲĸԸļ޸ǸˣҪǸһһ⣬򣬾ұݡ
ԬδȻ˵Щôʵ㡣ϵ壬ĽԨ޴ҵģҲ͸㣬ҲûҪ͸㡣˵ңںûаϵҲҪҵǾˮˮ
˦Ԭδ֣ˮЫ㱼˹ȥ
ϲͨЩΪоһĿռָﻹ˲ٵ졣һ߻Ӷӣһ߶ĽԨ޴˵취ˮЫϷλ
ãĽԨ޴ش̧꣬һԾϷλŲ
ĽԨ޴ʵʱЩһŲλӣһ߼ˮЫѾʼð˿˿ĺ⣬Ҫǿͻļ
ΪʦһֱӴػĻ棬ʶоɺ䡣һȴܵ˺䣬ͺ𣬡ĽԨ޴ǿͻļ
޵߽ˮɣǿͻƣ߻ħ
µĻǽôҲû뵽ź͹Ԫ˵֪һֻڵޣҴ˶Ы
Ϸλȥһˣסҵӡ˵±㳯ŶϷλȥվȽŸ㿴һӡ
һ죿
Īǣʦ
վ֮ˮЫվŵλϱһ޴⣬һˮЫǱʲôסһʱ䣬ˮЫǳ׵ı󻺻̱ӣ˯˹ȥ
һңڴʱų׵ƽϢ
С㣬лˡ´ʱҲˣȴõ֧ӣߵǰ񣬡СѹסޣԷǻᱻһٲ١
ԷѾ˲ٵԪʯˣٻٻһЩô⳥ٵԪʯҪǣûѹסˮЫôٴοӶŵʱ򣬻ῴ١
лҲû뵽Լһ󷨣˵ĳɹ
ҲΪºĽԨ޴Ӷŵ˰æ󷨲ܰڷŵ˿٣ԼһǻΪŶʧܡҲΪ˾飬֮оϣ˿רеķ
յ£˴ЫݽЩ˵ˣܴĶ˭ҪӶԣ
εѾִˣΪŵĶҶˣ±Щһ
ĽԨ޴ϽĽߵߣѾЩݽߵĹһɾĵطù
ȹ΢ЪϢһᣬĽԨ޴õࡣ
ԭ²ûչԪʵΪ˼Ԭδ񡣵ǹԪȴԬõ֪ҲԪȻùŽӽԬδԴЫǡãҲ˲١
һ𣬶ЫݲŻˮЫ׵Ŀ񻯣ζҡ
ڼ䣬ǹһҲҪ֮֡
ΪˮЫ񻯺ṥЯЫݵˣԴʱĹԪŶѾòҾ׵ĶѡˮЫּĺݣԼʹеҩҲδùԪŻָ
࣬ڰۿ˺⳥˲ٵԪʯһȺ˼ҴҵسԬҡҡй˼ңȥˡ
˹ֱʵȴҲ۸
˵ˣҲԹҺ͹˼ҵˣԬŮӣǶǸ
Ϊʲô㲻Թ޹˿˵ˣҲйϵ
ǸҧгݣǲˮҺ޹ʲôʲôϵ㲻ҥˣùǸǰɣε飬ǹԪŮΪһִŮҪˣǣңԬδҲδؿ˭ǹĽԨ޴ǲܻŻˣ㶼֪ǿļˮЫҶɲǣ񻯺ˮЫжֲǿ϶֪ûˣˣұضҪ游ָ
ԬҺ͹˼һң򻱳Ĵأֳ飬ҲĲ¶ˡ
ɲǣ¿϶Ҫģ

45 Ĵ

Ҳ˶Ϊ͹ûйϵǱװҲΪһʳʦȻ󷨡
ϲ󷨣ﻹĹסȥá
ʹǾùӦȥȴҲû˵ʲôȻĹʦȲʦĵλߣȴʦûı¡
˶Ӳġ
Ҳ⡭
ε鷢ֱӰ͵˽գſźԼĸף˵ǹңǹԪңĸԩѽҪȾҡ
ô㣿ǲǷˣҪҺ㸸𣿡ŵĸϵͺ𣬡ӶŵѾ鵽ˣЫݵȷģҹԪҲˣЩ֤ݡ˵㣬ʲô㣿ѹûЫݰ
ĸףǹңҪҡʱѾױˣôҲû뵽ǹĽ֣ȴԼϣЩЫǸ͹Ԫ׼ģ
ҡŵҳң˵ʦֱеϣЫݺűף֪ļƻһԼ
ҲΪҷϣŻ¡
йԪȻôЫݣǷžߵǣԪᵽԷԬȥϢ
Ԭβֹ˹ԪԬüƻ͹ԪһȴȴԼ˲Ԭõļƻ
û֤ݣû֤ݰô죿Ҳ޵òŮô൤ҩŹൽһжˡûһɫǳô鷳ҳΪ򻱳ǵЦʱȺ޹ֺ˵ûã˼Ԭδϣ㡭ӶԪʯ㸸ɡ
վҲŮĴ󺰴УǾ뿪
һߣŵСһСͱˣ̫̫㣬Ѿܲˣ㶼֪ԪңɱȹԪҸˡԬδѾ͹Ԫ˻ˣ˵ǲԸ˱ӵŮӴ͹ԪŹţ··˼һùԪȥȡԪϧԬ˲Ųͬأ
ԬҲԬãԬõ͵ȥ˼߻ûźأСߣôң֪ɣү̫̫Ҫ㣬ûˡ
ֳܴ󣬲˶ˣɱˣȥûܱˡ
صĿ޳ôҲû뵽ǰЩԼǸ߸ϵС㣬ȴ䵽ѺҵĽءſһᣬС˶Լ˵ĻǷʲôһץסεŴ󺰣ңԬδǲҪȥʯˣ
԰С˼һΪЩΣûıش𣬡˵ιСҲڶ˾ţһҪعʯˡԬү˵ε飬Ȼ޹أȴûкľܾС㣬Ҳᵼε鷢˵ҪԻ͹ƻعʯǣȻԸųŴЦӽƣ޷ҪľҶ
ˣҺ͹ԪľҶƿԡҡˣϹۣ˰
ڽһδ󳳴С˼֪˵ִԲҲ̲ס̾
ź͹Ԫʱ򣬶˵Ц̲ס̾һ䣬ԹźղŶˮû뵽һҲܳΪĴڣԬδҲ̫ˡ
Ԭδ㣬Ƣ̫ãŻžԼлȥӽ
ֳ飬Ԭδ񻹵޹
ȴǺ͸ԬδЩŲԬδĶȻ֪ġΪٲҲܻңȴһͿء
鳹׵ƽϢ򻱳еҲʼˡ
ΪԬδ˵ҪͬһعʯǣϣԬδһʹһĸɫ԰׵ĹߡƵȷһЩţģЩ
С㣬ҪʲôĽԨ޴ҲЩȹϣҲҪľҶ𣿡
ﰵ̾һҪʲôľҶ£õ⳥ҲԪʯǷһĽԨ޴˵ȻԪʯ˹ǹûŶãóȥ㡣
ʳųװǷҵԪʯꡣ
ĿռָʵֻвǧԪʯʲô
ֻϣ֣˵ǽϵ˶Ľɫùѡ
Ҿ档ԼˣҲĽԨ޴ҲҪ˶ࡣ
ĽԨ޴˼ĵ˵ͷ˿ûע⵽ԶԬδŴ̽עǡ

46 

ĽԨ޴ûע⵽Ԭδ񣬶ȴˡ
ȴû˼ȥԬδΪΧŮڿ󣬶΢΢˺һЩĿӴǰĲмη塣
мλǴǰԬˣԬóºȻԬáȻ˵ҪԬó𣬿ڿȴһŵӡ
ǰ͹̰ĶͤڶסԼò¹Լ˭
Ҳ˵ηΪʱĹѾﵽվڹߵĽԨ޴Ѿļˡ˭Ҳû뵽ֻǶ̶һʱ䣬Ȼһһѧʳ󷨡
Ϊ̫ס˽Ųյǰ;ضԬδ
ҪǣӶŵųų˵˭ҪΪѹΪӶšΪйʱĳ֣ŵ˶û󣬶ˮЫסˣʮֵĸмңҲû֪½̫̫壬ӶһЩҩ
ΪЩҩ̫࣬ᱻ˻ɣʶ˸¡
ϲѣŹ͸һ޲øͷ
ΪӶ㹻ĵҩ˼롣ЩҩȻһģǴǼƷĵҩҪϴĹ룬Ʊػ̧ۣôܻ˵͵ļ۸
ԣ˵Ҫᣬ¸ԼĹ˿ܾĻᡣ
µĶùʵ͸׼ϯλȴָһ᷿
Χη۹Ũҵʱ򣬹ҲЩãȻô𣿡
˵Ĺݵʦʵôأ
ʵҲãͲϲ֡ĽԨ޴˰᷿Χ˵Ŀ⣬ùҲ̹˲١
Ҫʼ𣿡ĽԨ޴¥´ҴˣһʱҲȤ
ôҲһ꣬ʹʹ󣬿ڵһμ˺ĳʱɻ¶ŻеĺĿ⡣
ӦǰɣѾһ̨ˣŻ˵̽ÿ
ûٷù͹ȥʳټҲԴʱվҹĹâ£ԵøĿ̧Χ󣬲Ц˵ܸлε򻱳μеᣬƣҺһ಻֪˴˭棬ʽῪʼ
һƷǳŵʦ֮ǰµ壬˸ֵҩļ¼ʦر塣
壬ŵʦĺӵ⣬ֻôһˡõڵȵʲô֮ܿ·Ϊĵʦ·ϣıϡ
ĽԨ޴źһУҪۡ
ųٹĶǿ϶ģĽԨ޴붼ûж룬֪ǹүóġ
ĽԨ޴ֱӣҲ֪ʲôⱾָϵĶҶ֪ĸѾ˵ˡûбҪ˷Ԫʯ
ңĸ˵ĸ׵ָ̫ˣҪҪҵ
ʵڹ˼ʱʹˣش㣬Ҫܾ⡣
ձ󣬹˼Ҫù˼Ϊȥ˼Ҳûжˡ˹ĻҲ⡣
ҳһǧ
ǧ
ǧ
ǧ

һȺӻԾĺۣһöԪʯļ۸ˡ
ĽԨ޴̫̾ˡ
ųٹĶ˵͵ļ۸־òù˼Ұװ׵׬ôԪʯЩᡣ
ֻЦЦû˵
˷죬иֵĵҩľҶһֵʱΧ˶ֱӡ
򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
溰۵˴˷ҲԼḽˣҲڸźۡľҶþʮԪʯļ۸ˡ
ڣԬδľҶȻ̧ЦһƣĿŵȫ꣬ƣңá
ʵʱҲЩûˣǷڿԬδʱ򣬲Żһ£źۡ
򻱳ǣĸװ˺ܾõһԪʯ˵һԪʯһʦһλʳʦȫġ
ʯȻӽУЩȴ׬ǮΪʯǲ򻱳һôһˡ
һԪʯùżҲ˽ǡ
磬ϲͺáƼԬδֻԼЩҲܿ챻ƽΪ֪ԬδͻһȢΪޡʱĸһ顣
ңΪһĵʦһûʳʦѹҪʲôԪʯ
ԸȥʯǣǸ棬̧ǣ

47 ̹

ľҶȥ󣬳㲻ƸղǰңҶ𽥵侲
µԪʯȻȲеԪʯڹȴǱرĶ
˶ҪľҶҲΪҶӣӶˡ
ܿ죬̨ϱ³һѱ
ѱһ֣ĽԨ޴һ˿ϲ
ĽԨ޴ǱһޣʺϴˮЫУʵ彣Ѿȱڣѽͱ彣ںϣôͻ弶Ҳʮֵ˳
߰١ڿĽԨ޴󣬱㿪ں˼۸
ĽԨ޴ϽֹС㲻⽣̫ˡ
󣡡źۣŰ١
ҲǺ֪ȻΪڵĽһĽԨ޴Ľ̫ͨˣȫӲʵĽԨ޴ѽʵҲڰԼĽԨ޴ʵЩʡ
ͻѾݽߣ˼ŵҩ𽥵ȹΪĽԨ޴ǿͻļֹ󣬵ҹ˯˯žͻļ
нˣδ￴Ҳδ˵
еʱ˱ˡ
ĽԨ޴ֹ˹ȱǧԪʯʱԶԬδ侲Ҳ˹
ԬδЩףҪʲôǰĹԼ͵ĶͲǰ˵ԼİˡڵĹΪĿ⣬һһεĶĽԨ޴ãҲ̫˰ɣ
ǿǧԪʯǹǸã
ȻԬδû̫ãѾǧԪʯļ۸ˡ
ȷǺã򻱳Ľ̫ˣ⻹һѱû̫ܼԦϵĽԴҶ׷ѡ˷
šе󣬱ֱӵݸĽԨ޴֮ǰ͸壬Ҳûʲôܻģҵл񡣡
лƺôã
ĽԨ޴ӹӹۿ֪ôľͺˡЩһֱס½ÿճŹʳ͵ҩйЩδҪԪʯ
˵ĽԨ޴˲ԪʯĽԨ޴ȴԼԪʯȫֲ˹ԼĶ
ĽԨ޴ͷǳĽë΢΢һſղӰ¡
ҡĽԨ޴˵С㣬Һܸм㡣
ʵСҲ֪ҵĸĸҵĸ˭ĺӣԼҲ֪ҵĸȻûѪԵϵȴҺܺã˿ûһҳ󡣡
һǵһ˺ܴ꣬˵˱ɽҪĸһȥЩˡĸȴЩԥΪҵĸҲǱĸͻȻ֣ŵЩˡ
ĸ˵Լǲ֮ˣҵȴȫĵˡ͸Ϊ˾Щˣɽ
ȥƹʵǵʲô⣬ΪȺˣǡΪܣҵĸĸιޡ
˶мΪǵѪΪֻֻ˲֪ȺҲ֪
ǺҵĸƭҵԪʯ뿪򻱳ǡ
ĽԨ޴˼ſˮۿȻǱǴûкˣҲû˺˭Ծסɭ飬׵ĳ˶ĵط
ֻҪţҪһӡΪʲôһҪǵأ
½̫̫Ѿ֪һЩĽԨ޴飬ĽԨ޴ȴδ͹ĸգĽԨ޴ȴ͹̻¶һغϢ޵ߵѪ⣬Ϊ
ڴʱҲףΪʲôЩ˻ͬǱˣץͼͬ࣬ްɡ
ֻҪһ뵽ЩЩǰĽԨ޴
˵Ҳһδʮ˵꣬ô飬ҪƵȷΪˡ
ĸ˵ǲٽʲôˣľ˹¹Ժȥ¹Ժѧ㶫ӿռָóǰϣĸ״ǰҲ¹ԺҲȥ¹ԺѧµĶ
ĸ˵ҲĴϻۣһȥʹˣ¹ԺȻƻХԺô¹ԺȴԸܱ޵ߡ
һжҪԼ˼Ը⣬ǾһȥУ㲻Ը⣬㻹ǿԼס½ң򻱳顣
룬ּһ䣬ҪۺʱҶ㣬ĸ㣬ȷñǡ
ɱ˳쾭顣ɱĸ𱨣ҲӦɱǣ֪á
ĽԨ޴ôҲû뵽֪ʲôһһܺõ·ֻʵǿˣſԸ𡭡ΪûѡХԺȥ¹Ժ
Ҫ֪ڹıǻХԺ
¹Ժ䲻ƻХԺ¹ԺҲˡ
ĽԨ޴űվǿ˳ȥ
СȥҾȥⱲӶԸźС㡣

PS:ӦҪVˣVո4000֣2𲽣׬ѣΪϰҹ֣ͦѵģϣ֧棬Ͼ׬Ѻҹã

48 Ϣ

ЩӷԽ࣬ҲĽԨ޴ˣǵ½̫̫͹ûдĽԨ޴뿪˼ңôĽĻᱻһΡ
ʹЩѹûĽԨ޴ƣҲȥʵ˵޵磬ʹеʲôأǻΪֹ
Ҳ޵Įںսʱ򣬲Żǿͻ
ҪôĻţҪôͺЩƴˡ
ĽԨ޴ȥĻħһ۲۵ɱ˷ӡ
ǹסԨĽŲһԨ˳
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ȥˡ
Ȼȴ֪ĽԨ޴뷨ֻǾк֣ܶɱĽԨ޴ĸִˣȷǸġ
ĽԨ޴ҲΪ󣬾Щܡ̫಻ƽ飬ȷܲȻˣôضҪһܡ
ʱֳ̨һ¯
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ǹȴĸоⵤ¯ȻòȴǸĶԸŽ˼ۡ
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СҪ𣿡ĽԨ޴֪Բȹ¯ƽ󣬲Ż˵ⵤ¯
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ΪֻоʦϿɵĵʦĹңõʦݣμӸרΪʦٰļȵȡȻϲɽ¶ˮΪڹ߷һЩʶҲѡȥ֤ʦ
ΪʲôҪ뿪򻱳ǲȥ֤޷ԬҺ͹˼¡
ڵʵԬҺ͹˼ҵĶ֣ʹºĽԶȵȰǹûҪԼʵ׵ġ
СȥĽԨ޴ϲеĵ¯һʱЩΡ
ûлǧԪʯѱô϶õĵ¯Ͼǹ͸ĶȥȻǲԸģĽԨ޴ŵȳ򻱳ǣҲҪ·ɭ֣ȥɱһЩ׬Ԫʯ
ΪľҶѾûãҲ׵Ľˡ
һȥеıԺͻ
ĻԴһɵʺ޵߹ͣԴ󲿷ûоܾ
ϲֵĳϣȴ룬òȥȺȥ˱Ժ
ò˵ȷ⣬Ժ㻹ʼЩӣ˵ЩҲ̺Ļ֮һЩʳϾĵʱҲҪõ㶫ǲһʱ䡣оľƣҲó˵ƵЧȵҩҪá
Ŀɿڴ
ʵʮֵıֻΪĽԶϲƣԹѡһЩһЩƸĽԶʡ
ڴǰĳЩѾƶĹƷζá
ȷܸмĽԶԼչˣʶƣʾл
ôȴĽԶľƳ˳Ǻ͹˵ǿԵĻһЩԼұ֤Ƶļ۸Բʳ
Щ࡭
˵޵߶Գʳ;ûȤѡٹ
С㡣иźĺŮߵߣ̽ʣǹС𣿡
˼Цŵͷǣǣ
ҵĸӶŵųŮЦŽͣҽǳŮ
Ȼ˵Ӷŵ飬˵ҵļѾ˼ˣٹͻżұչصĳѾ˳Ϊ
ЩӶŲֹ򻱳ڻС
Сңʲô𣿡Ҳ֪²Աֱӵʡ
ЦºͣС㲻ֵ
СҲ֪ѧҲľϵĹԬҵĶүһġҸ׺͸ǣΪöľҶѾ˲ٵĶջʧˣû
ʮԪʯȷ̫ˡ˵ľҶҲֻһöСҲķӵġ
ҶСߣҾǱˣǺܺõ顣̾һҶȴԬҶүˣǹưõġ
С㣬ѵ𣿡
εЦЦΪʲôҪأԸ顣
Ź˼ִЦ̫СˣΪСﻹжӡ
Сܺãִܶܷ¾ˡ
С㣬ҽЩʲô㡭ѹ˵ԬҶүҲҪȥ¹Ժ

49 Ե

ҹȷµġ
ЩʲôⶼӶҲΪԵʣ򻱳ǵĴȽ϶ࡣ
ҵҵʵڹеˮǡ
ǡã¹ԺҲˮǡ
ԹҲ˿ȣ֪ԬδҪ¹ԺϢϾһ켣ˮǶ꣬ЩϢҪ̽Ҳѡ
СΪ˸Ϣ𣿡ţϢضԭġ
ʵ򻱳ǣҳľҶ⣬Ҫʦ½ʦһȥˮǡ˵еȹŨʮʺ½ʦ
ұ֤½ʦԸȥˮǣôһԸÿṩһöļ嶾½ʦΪꡣʦÿöеԪʯʳҸǲκӶȥ
Ѿʮֵĳˡеĵʦ٣˵弶ĵʦ켣Уĵʦڹвټ½̫̫Ըȥˮǣô˵ҿˡ
ʹ½ָ̫̫ܻǰҪ̤ļʦľ磬ҲҪʮ꣬ôЩڣѾҪͳȥʮļ嶾ˡҹеĵʦҪмԪʯڹµԪʯڹѹ򲻵ʲô
һöеԪʯٿԻһöеԪʯ
ںãϵڱĺ飬඼塣
񣬹˼ڹеˣѾ͹˼ҶϵĴ󲮸˳к½̫̫ҲźСĸᰡ
˳ˮǣȴˮǲԶɳǡ
˳뿪˼ң˵Ǻ͹̫ү϶ʵȴΪĳһżѰ˲ٵı󣬹̫үָ˳Ķ̫٣¹˳뿪򻱳ǡ
飬½̫̫Ҳֻ֪Щ˼ҲûԸ˳
ڹᰡչĸųٹ͹ᰵĸãųٹİæᰴʱˣ᰼޸¼ҵү˼ң˲ٶ⣬ųٹȥ󣬹Ҳ͹˼Ҷϵ
½̫̫͹˵ᰶ˺͹˼ҵҲãĴ͸ףͲˡ
ˮɳǲԶ˳Ȼ뿪˹˼ңȴûȥ¼ҽŹᰵ硣үӶԴҲûʲôʾᰣӦ͵㶫Т
ײǸףֳҲֳǶ޲ɹᰵѪ
½̫̫ᰲٺ͹˼ϵҲû͹ˡϣ᰹ĸãٱЩۡ
ȴã᰻˺͹˼ҵϵΪӱܺ͹˼ҵĹϵ顣
еƲˣ¼ɳҲǸСϼ壬ΪһҼ¼ңȻܵų⡣ټϹ˼Щȡ֣ᰵǲù
ȴûаԼ뷨½̫̫ġ
飬һҪȥĸʦ顣ҲûֱӾܾĻЦ˵£óԼ
ùԼĴ𰸣Щ⣬ּ˵ôҼʦҾĴҪݷ
̾һȥһʳʦأʹ˵νʳʦʵԼҲûš
ʦϲ֣ϲ˽ӴԵŻѡһǸĿһתСġ
ʼղɿڣҲ֪پȥǻǵùˡʵ򻱳£λʳʦĲֹвˣµĹƶ뷨
˶ΣôСһʳ𣿡
ĸǵʦҲһЩ
ȻԡӦ̫Ļ׼һЩӡ
⣬ȻҪӵġ
ҪȥУ˵еԪʯˣµԪʯҲûж١
ҾͶлСˡ˵ֿ˿Χѹ˵С㹻µԪʯҲҪȫеԪʯõǵʱ򡣡
˵꣬뿪ˡ
ʵ˵飬Ҳ
˵Ҫ־µķӡͽȥʱҪµԪʯЩ̫࣬άִ͵ҪµԪʯ͸ˡΪڹԵʣֻµԪʯеԪʯ룬ҲΪʲôĽҵϵһľҶԵʣҲӡĹ֮
ѹûȥӡ￴ҲûעЩϾ뿪ӡвٵӡ
Ϊ˱ɴĽԨ޴Ļ˸ڡ
Ȼոԡϣͨ˵ԬδŹݷˡ
üģЩ˻ûûˡ

50 

ڻ·ϣǰǰ˼һЩӽˣʵ£ģ޷ƾλʳʦ
ЩĹʳѾѦ¢ˣʹʳʦ֣ڶݵʱҲʧ
Ѧ˶ԣʳǵвͣȻϣ
Щ£ʳʦ޷ҲѦ˵ķϣһˡ
ֻǣѦվʳ̫ˣҲȹʵȻҲܶࡣԹѹûкѦ˶ԿľǱâ
ص󣬹½̫̫飬˵ʳʦ뿪򻱳ǡ
ʳʦ𣿡
Цҡͷ˵˼ǣע⵽λʳʦҼľУѾҪ£ͷʵһλͨʳʦȻܺѦʲôλʳʦأôѱ֤ѦҲ֣
ҪȥˣҲѦ˳Ҳ򻱳鷳׼á뿪
ĽԨ޴˵׼ʮ½ȻҲЩʲôʱǴЩֱϵɭָ뿪
ˣµȥû
ĽԨ޴׹˼ΪλʳʦѾ뿪ˣҲ뱩¶٣Բų˵²ߡ
Ͼ˭ҲȥʮȥѰһʳʦ
ɭָãԽԽΣգðա
ȹźЩʵҲЩƣˣԡо¯ȴ˵֪Ԭδ͹ݷõϢ
붼û룬˵ȥ߹СԬү˵ѾЪˣ͡
ۡڵ˶Ե̹ģӦ˭Ļڹ˵˲֮Сѹûֱӳžܾ˹ƺԬδİݷá
ƻڳŮļӣ³ȥݰġ½վŵ˲٣ݰģ˵ݷ½̫̫ʳʦ
Ȼ˰ȴû˵ʲôʱԼˡ
ЩһĵʦʹˣҲһҩһδʳʦȻôס
ԬδյľҶɫܺá
ˣº͵ЦЦοС˵־է
㱾˾ţٺԼǻӡԬδ˵ȥǿ϶ǵġ
Ԭδ͹飬½ȻҲ֪һЩĹԬδ쳣ִţǲŻڴ½̫̫ǹѹûԬδ͹ƣֱ˵˲
ԵС˵仰ʱԬδɫҲˡ
ڵĹСһã㷽˵ʲô
˵Ĺѵ֪˭𣿡üͷҿǹʯǳŮԬҵĶүǼСõˡ
ҹѾˣ½վŵȴҲûΪҹѡ뿪
෴ģǻ֡
СҲû뵽ƿòɣȴ˵ĵԣ̫̫ʹˣľЪˣСҲˣԷԸ˭Ҳ
ʹĽƹˣҲǲġ
ĽԶܺұ𣿡򻱳ˣʹǳĽԶ;Ӫе㣬ҲǸ۵ĴڣϽȥȻҾԼȥˡ
СȻηƣȴҲЩȻùƴȥѾˣ̫̫ȷ˵˲
˵Ͳ̧֣һѳӶͳС˶֡
ֻಡһȥĳȴûɱǰСˣƾʧˡ
һ½ĸۡϿͻȻһ󵭵ɫââҹҲ˼ֺ⣬ע⵽ԼȥļȻâڵ
󣿡Ԭδδü˵꣬ȥļȴͻȻ˻˹Ƶĸ
ۡ
Ʒ˴˰˳ɵĹһ޷һСˣ˳ļˡ
˭뵽⿴ư½ʵͿ˷󡣱ϾҪԴԴϵԪʯʹǹʯĴ壬Ҳû˻ݳ޵һֱ󷨡
ơԬδŵɫҰףϽƣѸٵ죬Ԭң죬Ԭҵĳ
ֵĲɿʱ򣬹Ҳվ˰󷨣ǹʱģֹ¡
ȷûҲɱӺˡ
˻ҪӲǻú͹һ³
ԬδŹ뿪ԬδŲǵĹϵˣԬδ⸮ۡﲻֹз󣬻й󷨡һ뿪Լ뿪ӲôǱ
ʱ򣬹òԬδ񡪡С졣

51 

ΪͻȻĳ֣Ҳÿֵף½Ǵǰլǰ򻱳ǳסĵط˭봳ܴȥġ
ʹ½סĲˣɷɴڵġ
ҲңԼû¶ʧӣûкЩ˺
ӲĲУǻǵüġ
˭ֻȥأ
ʱСˣҲһת븮ڹ˴š
ֵΪ󷨵Ĺϵʶ½̫̫ûбĽԨ޴ʱϢ
峿ƿţ㿴ŵĽԨ޴
һɫĳۣɫĳмҹӵζôţΪһ羰ݶĿ
ò̾ĺÿӦǾ䡪ɫɲ͡
С㡣ĽԨ޴ҲֹѾˣϽվû°ɣ
δü٣ʱһͷĳɢţﻹżãôţʲô𣿡
ûУĽԨ޴Ͻҡͷ֪½ʱʵʮֵĵĹ˵ˣٽҲðȻȥŹЪϢڹ˺ܾãȷϹǷܾţСû°ɣ
һһʱҲûӦʣʲô£
ĽԨ޴Ҳһ
ʵֹĽԨ޴򻱳ﲻٵ˶֪ǰĹԬδжôı΢޲ðõĶԬδڣԬδ͹ԪѾû˻Լǹ»صԬδߵĺûᣬƫƫȴһơ˽Ҳۣ˵ʹʳȴҲǱȲϹƵġ
Ͼʵ̫ˡ
˵Ĳվ˵뷨ĽԨ޴ùԼķˡ
û¾ͺáĽԨ޴Ҳἰյ飬ת˻⣬ųķԸ˶ʮòʮ뿪ʮŹȥˡЩˣϴαСԷµˣǶܸмСľ֮εҲĺϸ
ų˵һ뿪½˾͸о˲Ծ˸ЩΪʵ̫ˣв˶
ķ磬Щ΢
գʱҲ𽥵˹ĽԨ޴˵øлųˡ
ų˵ЩӦģΪС½ʦṩҩǣֶ˺üһͻļĽԨ޴˵ų˵ǿԣϣ½ʦṩĵҩ
ȻȻûдȥҵķӡԪʯֶࡣ
ң½̫̫ӵȷѾʼ𽥺תˣ½̫̫Ǹвסˣµʱ½̫̫Ҳʼˡֻǣڻ˵һҲͿһ¯ֻǳк֣Ҳѹû֪½̫̫Ҳ֪½ȥĵҩʵԹ֡
ʱԬѾ˶
ˣԬү˵ĻɫҲЩѿˣʮˣȻܸһʳʦ
ԬүӵļƿصĺвŻˣԻѡΪʦʳʦʹ˼λʳʦΪͣɱϾǸʳʦȥ
ԬүЩʵҲ£λʳʦ뷨ֻΪǰԲ׼һЩ֡
ǵܴǿĽԨ޴ҲǿеĴλʳʦ
ҵλʳʦסλʳʦʳʦһӶֻΪԬ׬ԪʯϾЩڣλʳʦ׬ԪʯԬүʮֵȣҲһ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ʳʦıǹһƺľż˲Ϣתˣõַܸ߳
游һԬδһſʵĿҲڴʱԴ˼ֲģҲǡ
̫ƻˣʹɶһЩȥҲδ֪١Ԭδȥ󣬲ż˵϶٣ɡǻ𣿡
ԬүԬδĻ󣬱ŵüͷšһţ㲻˵ʹǰһ𣿡
Ԭүӵ޵и̫ˡʹΪľҶԵʣԬδ񲻵òȢƣɲԬδⱲӣֻйôһŮˡ
ҪɴµˣôܱССĸǣŲ
޷ЩԬδǰԼ̬ȣʵҲ֪ǲһˡǣԽǵòĶԽǾ˼ҺúôȻͷġ
ңȥ¹Ժ·ɳǵʱͻףûܳΪ̡
ڹӣôܻչأ
ԬүԣЦ˵Ҳǡ
취յõȻ򻱳ǺúõĴšһϲŮˣͷ¶滹ȥԺʲôǣԬδ˵ͷᴦġ

52 

¹Ժʼӻ£ǹѾ׼ĽԨ޴ˡ
ɭָ֣˳ȥɳǿᰡ
½̫̫뷨ҲǲģΪʳʦѾ뿪Եʣ򻱳ƺѾΪһɣ˭һڡ
ʹĽԶܻŹһʱҲܻһ
ȥɳǵʱȥ¼ҼСĸĺã㲻ҪţԿڲ뿪½̫̫ӻóһСӵݸĸ˵ȥߣһҪȥ¹Ժѧϰ
ߵĴæûиʲôֻʮöеԪʯ
ųٹʱЩģµĻǺ½̫̫¹Ժ֮ǰЩԪʯ
ǰ½̫̫ҲҪùȥУΪһֱһԵʣҲͷΪΪ̫ͣòڣȥе·ϣǻᱻ֮ãĽ
½̫̫ĽԨ޴Ź޷Ҳϣи֣ĽԨ޴ԹҲģõѡ
һúõģ˵ڹҲеķ֧ǡǱߵƹϵѾҴкҹȥƹúչҵġ֪½̫̫ڵʲôҲһӶ򻱳ע뿪һƹÿŸģĸͷİɡ
á½̫̫̾һҲ֪ӴˣԼԱûĽԨ޴̡
һ뿪⣬ĽԨ޴뿪򻱳ǣ˲ûмȥɳǶȥɭ֡
ĽԨ޴޵ǱϵĹǸޣѾ滮ˣԼҪʲôΪľҪߣͱ޺ϵĹձضͻƲֻǣЩҪҳƵĺѣԹȻʵսȴǱȲĽԨ޴ġ
ùòǣĽԨ޴ڵ˱ƺѾҪͻ弶ˡ
ոչ̺
ǸģȻΪȲĽԨ޴ôʵսҲһЩպ˶ֵʱ򣬲˵ĺȡ
ڶԸ޵ʱһĽԨ޴޵Ŀעһ಼æҲΪ˾һɱޣڽк󣬹ֻҪһ̧ͷĽԨ޴֪ʲôʼһж
Ȼɱ˲ޣΪֻɭɱޣڸ֮󣬲ŻһöеԪʯ⻹ǹ˲ٵҩȥƹĸӲõļ۸
еԪʯ̾һ
к͹ȷǲһģеȹŨ˲٣ȴҲκ޵߶УΪҪڹȥ̫ˡ
ȥ֤ʦеԪʯŽռֶָĽԨ޴˵֤꣬Ǿȥɳǵ¼ҡ
õʦݣ¼˻æͨ
ĽԨ޴͹յ˵ʦʱСڿʱϲڲɫͱˣ˵λС㣬ѵ֪˵ʦҲҪǧµԪʯ˷ʱ𣿡
ʲô֣Ԫʯ࣬Ҳп֡
ĽԨ޴üôˣͲ֤ʦ𣿡
ΪЩ⵷ҵ˶ˣǲҪǧµԪʯΪżСҲĽԨ޴ŭˣ㻹˼ңôˣ˭֪ϵĶǷ
ΧԶЦ
ŵʦӢ۲ʳЩÿҶֵ֧ʦᡣЦЦûǴһλ󷨴ʦҲ
ѵλ󷨴ʦҲǷ
Сû뵽ȻҷԼССһСˣô˵󷨴ʦǷҧгݣֲ󷨣
ɡЦЦһᡣ
С˹ЦΪ˵ѵĵط𣿡
ĽԨ޴Ҫ֣ȴֹĶ˵λСΪҲ֤ɹôǲһ£ҳɹ֤һʦôС͸ҵǸ˵Ǹ˵˲Ƿ
ˡ
ӿռָóһӣʮһöеԪʯȫ㣬ԸķĳϣԼǷ
ʮһöеԪʯעΧֵˣҲݳ޵ĶעĿ⣬֤ʦˣҲټ̣ǿǰŮ
ò˵Ůģļã˫ҹķǣ鶯
ŮʹķϲȴҲʮֵ˵Ŀ⡣
ʵڳĺÿվߵ꣬Ҳļ㡣
ļҵүС㣿
ûǻǴִŰ
ţԴӿŹϵ˵ʦһֱ⸱ݸ߲ȵ͵ӡãӲˣ
Ҳ˵ţȻ£۹ȴȷôأ

53 ң1

ʵţҲڶķ֮󣬾;Լù͸ˡ
֤ʦǸ˳ɹΪһʦţٿøһԪʯġϲ񡯡
ΪҪЩ֤ʦ׼ݺ͵¯æϺһӡ
ǰŮǸϲ񣬼ʹԸ˷ǧµԪʯ֤ʧܺţȴһֵĺô̲Ҫµ˵飬ʲôè֤ʦ
ﱾŭţҲûסӣŮƢ
ֻţôҲû뵽һŵʦƣҪˣȴһӲӡ
ô㲻Ը⣿ĹﲢǸϲˣ˶۵ͷϣȻϢˡ
ҲϹŮ˵㲻ǸСŮŵӦճͼžۣǶȥˣŮıϣһЩҲûʲôϧġ
ҡΪֳСĶҲ˵ʦĹ¡
üͷûг
ʱǵǸôڳǵʦĲԣӵı̬ȡǷϲ
ⲻЦټĹݴ½ң˭֪Ƿءʦݴ½ĵλͣȻ¶̬ȡ
ţµĶͷ˵ãҶģ
Сܳɹ֤ʦһǸҲ˲Ƿ
⻰һֵ˾͸ˡ
ĹȻʦҲǱҵĶ࣬ʵϵĵʦࡣͽó󷨵޵̫߱ˡ
ΪҪݣҪԪʯһ¯ҩϣôҲЩԪʯ׵˷ˡҩļԽߣҪݾ͸ĳɹʱͲߣ˭ݳ޵˷ݣϰַ
ԣĹĵʦʹһλҲ̫͡
ãţ˵׼ݰɡ
ţתҪ뿪ʱȴ˵һҪ׼ҲҪ׼
ʲôţЩȣ㡭֤ʦ
£ΧֵȺһ
СѾͷ꼰ҿĹСܳΪһʦѾ챣ˣȻˣҪ֤ʦ
ұΪˣҷѹûҷŻΪţ鷳ڲŷ֣Ҵˡţ۹ǶģСѾͷķˡ
ҼǵúʦʮʱΪ˶ʦѾǺˡ񡭡
һСѾͷôܺͺʦᲢۣǶʲôأ
ʮһöеԪʯأѾͷȻҪιȥ
Ϊţ鷳Ĺ£ʱżֲмڹж꣬Ҳν֤֮ʦǸǸ˶˶顣ҪΪʦѣѵǰС̫СˡΪͲϲΡ
֤һʦҪǧµԪʯ֤ʦҪǧˡ´Ӱ˳ŹЦʮִ飬С֤飬֪𣿡
ʮһöеԪʯǧµԪʯûˣĳĲС𣿡
ȴЦЦĸ֪ġ
ãһӶǷӡ
¿һѹѹһƬˣҲֳ֪ǰС֤ˣȻֵˣΪʦˡ
ãµĶţ˵ȥλС׼ݣһͶҩҪݸ׼ݡ
֤ʦҪɵҩǳˣô֤ʧˡ
Ҳ½̫̫֪飬ʵߵʱ½̫̫Թ˵ȹ¹ԺѧһЩ󣬱ض̤ʦҲƹĵҩֻʧ̫ˣ½̫̫ٶҩ⡣
ңû˵ѣ½̫̫ȷ֤ĵʦ
½̫̫Ļ˵ʦÿԵõĹĲֻҪÿĻڹһһöеԪʯҲĵʦûԪʯġ
ţȷ̫ȱԪʯˡ
һ֤ˡ
Ϊ˰æţ׼ݵٶȺܿ졣
ŹѡӺ󣬱վš
ʦϲţҲϲ˿Լַֻп˵ĵʦһˡ
ʦɳǲԶƽڳ߶Ҳ٣ʱʦֳ˶Ȼ˶ѯˡ
ȥ֤ʦʦƽﲻϲ¶ٵķ׭ʦҲչ֡
˭뿴Сﵽܲĳɹ
ʵ޵ߵ̫ĲпᣬǴһעܲܳΪһ޵ߡ
޵ߣͻᱻĻͨˡ
ǱȲϣȴֲĳΪ̤ʯ
ȺԽԽʱ򣬽رյҴţȴҲڴʱشˡ
µĿŮɫҰףһŽСƺûʲôѪɫ㿪ڰοСͻСʹʧҲûʲô˭أ

54 ң2

Χ仰󣬲˶̾һ
ʵֵǷˡ
ֻǳڹУڹ⡣ڼͬ˲࿴һۣҲȥ
ǼҪʱǱضᱻǰ浱ܡ
Ҿ֪Ů⻰ۿˣܵġ
ֳڴŮӣҲǸС⣬Ÿı䣿ôܸı䣡⡣
һʼ֪еʱҲдôһλŮɹˣ뷨ı䡣
㲻ǡ
ֵ˿ʼ壬Сﻹ̫ԸˣΪԼ·ʲô鶼ܳɰ
²ˣϵԪʯȫˣҪûطЪϢˡ
û£ĻСٻ
˵ţԽԽ
û˵ǻ̧֣쿪ġ
αȲ˶ϸһ˫ҲļСɡۡ쿪ֵʱ򣬳ĿŵҩñȺһεı˺
żƷһҩŶĵҩۼĵʦһ۾ͿĵҩǸճ¯õģȻһļƷҩ
ƷҩһڣȻ¯ҩÿһ¯ţһһ¯ǼƷҩ
ţˣ
ǲţڲʱˣ
ΧԽԽ󣬶µɫҲĲ
ЩƲסԼĶתͽڣǲǹˡȻڴӰҹȴڸЩǹƵģûа١
Щµĵʦ֤ʱ򣬵ʦᶼӰոĵʦΪοҲΪˣҹϵӰ֤ˣûס
ôܡôأµһʱҲЩסˡ
֪Ƿϲ񣬼ʹ˳Ϊ󷨴ʦɲҲֻôһλô
ôûдڵĹ£Ƕţ˵Ըķ䡣
ţʱҲǰŮųһ亹Լ˫ȷǱһ
ʲô飿һλǱĶʦ
ĹÿһʦǱһĴڣȴⱦﵱʯͷʯͷé
ƽҶԵʦôµĿ϶ҪϳȥǹµҲӦġ
ţ뵽תͶԹµĴ󺰣µģң
죡ʱһӻ׵ˣȺ˳Ϲļʦ壬һ̤ڣţŵĲιȥˡ
³ϡµĴʱҲ˵ټϽڳ񣬡ôˣ
ôˣѵ㲻ϣ𣿡³ѾЩˣѾ΢΢ͺʦ˱͵ʦģ
ңµŵĹڵϣ³ϣһжᣡ
᣿³̧һţλʦǸ
ţ׹ඥһ£ŵĲŹд񣬡λС㣬ҹۿ˵ͣǧҪƽϡ
ǵĶԼû
ţ˵ˣҴˡС㣬˵ĶԣǻܿƣСĴͺġˣǷ
ʹǵҲΪ󣬵ȴ˳ȣʹˣҲܳΪҪΪˡ
һ䣬Χ˶ʼΪĻơ
³ϼ˿ûļҲΪЩԾ
ΪСҪ侮ʯ˻ùµĺţһȴûУڸֵ˵һͨ飬Ҳ˵Լһ
ûȥĽԨ޴֪
ǣȥˡ
ǸˣôҲš
Ƕʦơ³ȡʦƺֶԹЦЦºͣյ飬һúõǡ
Ҳû˵ʲôǺͳ³ԴǸ˵ҲܱǸû뵽ᾪ
˵ǡôȲ˾ſҲ˾΢
³ЩѲŰˣȴټôǫǫŮһʱҲ̲ס̾ȷҵʦĲǣˮһСȥѦҵľ¥
ҾȶлǰˡҲûоܾ³ϵĻڱ˴˺һźĽԨ޴뿪˵ʦᡣ
ճ˵ʦţѾвٵǰмļҵС㣿ˣǼСʮְ䣬С㲻翴ǼĻ񣿡
ĽԨ޴ɫѿһ߻ŹȺһ߻̲סȥŻСǡ
Ȼ˶ĽԨ޴ˣѹԸ
ʹԲۣҲǰ׵ˡ

55 ɳ

ĽԨ޴վǻŹȺＷһ·
Ҳûжڴ˵ͣ˶ѹûת۱ĽԨ޴˳ǣɳǵķȥ
ʵڹУĵʦ٣Щ˻ԹŲһĿ޷ΪСǱ
Թѹûö࿪ģΪԼûʵû׼ҲֻǸĵʦ
˭Ҳ˵׼Լֱԭء
Ϊԭأ͵ڳ׵
ǵʦĽԨ޴Źڵʦõ壬Ľзġ
ţ˵ͷľ˵׭ʦµġ
ĽԨ޴˵׭ʦķ׭ԪʯĿԪʯ
ֻĹĹϵǺܺãЩķ׭ʦԸ̤Ĺء
ʹĹҲڻʳڻС
ʦǵĵλܸߣ׭ʦȴЩҲĹìʵݴ½ĸңϿʮֵĺг˽ȴ϶˴¶ЦҲװӡ
Ȼιͽе⣬Ĺû׼Ϳսˡ
ڵû̫Ӱ쵽ʦᣬԻз׭ʦǿ¼ʦ
ڹ⣬ݴ½ĸҵΣʵ̫ΪĵģôȥУ˹кҪôȥ飿̫ңԶ
ĽԨ޴ҲģЩ֮ìܣûʲôϵ
˵ɳǺ󣬱㿪ʼѯ·¼
Ϊǵʦݣ·ʱ򣬱һλĵŮŹ¼ȥ
ŮЩʹСȥ¼˻Ͷأ
ûȥ˵ġ
Ů㵽Ϊֹûм׷ʣǻ˵˵С絽һ£ܲμ¼Ұڵϯأ
¼ҵСүһǰͻһԾΪʦ
Ů˵ʱԴ˼ֺΣүǸģСҲǵʦû׼ܺүһأ
𣿡Ϊ᰺͹˼Ҷϵ½̫̫Ҳδȥᰵ飬¼ҵ飬Ҳֻ֪¼ɳĵһҲʣ𣿡
ŮЦţֺЦȴ𽥵Ľϡ
С㣬ôˣŮŹ˼ִʶ
ͷҹĸ
Ůͣ½Ų𽥴Ӵת˲ԥһᣬƺԹ˵ʲôվǻһǰһֱߣ¼ˡŮתҪ뿪ʲôƵģתԹ˵ǣҴġ
˵ҲѯʵĻᣬȾܡ
£ǹЩסˡ
ĽԨ޴˵ˣ
ûСĽԨ޴΢΢Ŀ˫տɫƺ˼ֵǣ룬ӦС¼ҳʲô飡
ȻҲûеȶã֪ࡣ
ǰᰵɷ¼ҵСȥɽԣȺСˣɽڵĳַӡ
Ϊ˱СˣһҲΪ˻ĶҺ׵ı˿ֲĴڡֵĺܴ󣬾˵Щˣв˸һö弶ĸյָòҪ˰̵ϥ¡
Ϊ͹ᰳ׶꣬һֱδкӡ
龪¼ҵĳϣҲĸº
ºϥֻôһӣȻϰѺӹ̸Ϊ˴֣ڼºûƺ׵ķľ
ӴˣֹΪһݵķӣҲˡ
¼ҵĳºҲȥɳǵĽ⣬һӶٻɳǣӴ¼ҵļϣû֡
еˣԸȥǽ˵ڼʹºӦȥ˳ǽ
˵ʵ󷢷Ĵº޹˼С˼Ҹ׻ڣҪ̣Ҳ̫ˡ
¼ҵ˺͹˵еĻ󣬿ŹҲ˼
ҲһʦǼүʮǧϾʦʦôأ
ǽǲںôԼһ䣬ʲôط
󻱴壡¼ҵһ˵꣬͸ϲӬһϹ뿪Ͻߣǽų̿Ļû׼֮ǰܵ󻱴
У¼Ҳӭǹ˼ˣˡ
ǵģЩǹ˼Ҵ绹𣿻浱¼ûƢ

56 Сĸ

ҲԹ¼ҵ˲ϲ˼ҵˣ᰼ʹΪҵݼ޸󣬿ɹᰱϾǹˣ´һʼǲףġ
ֻǣ˵¼Ƿųٹ飬Ϊ˳ǿӦúչ˹ᰡ
ϲϲᰣ¼ҵҲΪ׳޵Ըǿпޡ
ĮҲٺ͹һԶҲδá
ʹ¼ҵٲᰣôҲվ¼ҵ̫̫Ҳ
Ȼ˼ûŽ̽ᰵ壬¼߶
Ҳ͹֮䣬϶
¼ҼҴҵȻںôһЩݺ͵ҩ;ö֮ҲһᷳС֮󣬹˼ʱ¼ҵү̫̫ǾͶûʲôɫˣǺҵŹᰵ˼ҡ
ǰס¼ҵլʱ򣬹ᰵĵλͲߣˣôᰵľؿ֪
ܾûеô򵥣Ҳ֪¼ҵʲʲô
Ϊ¼еˣٶһ޵ߡ
Ǽʹ˳ڹУԴкҲմȾ˹˵Ķϰˡ
ǵ˶ǡӡһӣﶼǴġ
ǶĵʦЩ˵ѿ
¼ҳĽԨ޴ɫܲã˵С㣬ίˡ
ʲôίģЦЦһλԼҲɵ˵Ļĥû¡
ҺûκιϵҲˣôǵĻֺ⣿ֻǣҲʲʲôֻ֪һЩ
üºô˵ô
ڴǰĳΪȨӷĿֵеҲûСڸп޵磬ΪݵҩìܣҲʲô顣
ֻҪ棬ͻж
ιû¼ҵ飬ֱʴ󻱴
кĵ޵߸߹󻱴ĸܲȡ󻱴һɽһλԵɽʱʱĻ۽ˡ
Ϊ̫ͣǻᱻЩȵ۽׵Ļ塢Ǿ
üôģ
԰Ǹ̾طֻʺϵȥ
Ȼݴ½ˣһ˫־ܳ׵ˡ
лʹ֪󻱴ĻӣĽԨ޴ȥˡ
¼ҵȻΪ˷ǣǿЩ뿪ĽԨ޴ʹķ䣬󻱴ʱ򣬶Ѿҹˡ
Ǹ˵ȷûƭ󻱴ϡ٣ʲộҹ󣬼Ҽһš
ֻ΢վƬ̣ܸоΧĵĿƺЩ̣ôһ˿
ĽԨ޴ǱԴʱãĶͷѾʼϸܵĺˡ
ĽԨ޴̧һһ̹ߵ¶һν
лĽԨ޴˵ǲˣǵøңﲻʺס
ĽԨ޴˵ͷ֪
˻˴ΧŵݳĺܲóȥʹǻµԪʯҲ˶١
üͷ΢΢ǵ½̫̫˵¼ƺ󲻴ΪǸʮڷܵ޵ߣ½̫̫²չٲҲȥң϶Ǳڹá
˭뵽ڴ󻱴ȵĵطѾ˺ܶˣȴ˿ûк͹˼͸¶Ϣ
ʱ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ᰴ󻱴һ̣Ѿ˸׼Բ𽥵Ķ˺͹˼ҵϵ
ˡ˵ĵطҵһƫƧСӡ
ǰżŲѣʱѼѾһЩСɵɬĹӡҲǽϣһЩһϢɽ
ӿżªȴִô
߽Ժڣš
ܿ죬һŵŮ˭
ʣ¼үסĵط𣿡Ҵ˵ط̽ʣǹ˼ҵˡ
˼ңŮӵƺЩһڵĹ߲𽥵
ĽԨ޴ԺվһӣŲŴڴ򿪡
һŴֲĸˣ˫ַƺʲô˼ֲͿֻţȴɹ򶨵ĿŹĽԨ޴˭ģ
ǹ˼ҵСĸϡû뵽ԼܰǰųϽͣչˣһ֡
¼ҵ˵ҹĸүסðǰš
˵һ˿ϲЩ𣿡
˵Сĸ

57 

᰿ǰɫȹŮĪˮ
뿪˼ҵʱ򣬹ֻһСӤǵʱųٹڲʱҲ˼ǡ
ʱᰰοųٹ飬˵ô൤ʦռʹõҩ࣬Ҳܰѹൽ
ųٹȴЦֻҪƽƽչĿģʲôΪûйϵ
ųٹɫ֪ųٹڰοԼʱĸԼһҪӡ
û뵽ôȥˣȴҲûع⿴һ۹
СĸáЩʧӣЦ˵ĸǲ֪Ҽʹ˱ٹȵҲЩ
Թĸܽںһˮ𣿡
᰻ȻùϽӣҲΪЩţҲ¶ŵĳúúõնʱЩΡЦЩΣЩңԡ
Ҳ˹᰷ŵĲȴûм׷ʣĸ⣬ӦúúñԼĸ˵ӺһЩҪӹĸȥסһأ
½ʦӺһЩ𣿡ŸϽʹ˼ҷʲô顣
ĽԨ޴˸ط£ʱҲ׵ĿˣȼŵľȻ͵ƣҹ顣
ʹڹͨ޵߼ҲԲ͵ĴҹΪֻҹɫζģҹʮֵͣ˾ôۡ
ĸӺЩˣǰЩˡֻڵĵδ׵ֻʱһЩһĵҩӹᰵݹˮ˵ĸ˵Сĸ㻹ڣһˡ
ЦЦǰҸˣĸˡ
ᰲǹ˼ҵĵŮһģԬ̫̫¡ΪԬ̫̫ûʲôѪԵϵԬ̫̫Ҳǲ䲻ȡ
꣬½̫̫޵˼󣬹ᰱ½̫̫ߣųٹһѧϰ½̫̫Ȼĵʦ˭ܺƣҲδᰣԹᰴӹǰ½̫̫ĸųٹĽ㡣
ȹº󣬲ź͹˵˹˼ҷ顣
˵Լ˻˵Լ뿪˹˼ң˵˴ӴԼ͹˼ûйϵ
һŭǷ̵ЦЦ׺͸磬һҲûı䣬ǵΨ㡣ʲôѪףʲô飬һҲں
ί˺ӡ̧Ź֣ǹĸĴЩҲδҪعȥǡ
治ίϾܳ׵˦˼ңһġȻ뷨ȴûк͹˵ֻЦ˵ҵǣĸߣҲʼĻָһжˡ
ǰˡ᰿ŹߵĽԨ޴Ҳ˼ִ
ʱҲĽԨ޴Ľź;ȣֱת˻⣬ĸ㣬߷ʲô飿
䣬ұ㴫һԵ᰸ϽſŹ֣Ҵҵ˹ĽԨ޴š
ӵĸЧãԹ½½һЩ΢СĽ̸
ЩɳƣҵˣͺúõĴ˼ңȥЩʳǡ
㲻ҪԪʯϻһЩԻһЩԪʯңϲĺӣôʲôأ
һ⺢ӳŽ㣬ҲܺãҪҪ
ˡܾӳȥǻͶ˵ӹŹ֣ϲˡ
һˣ˵ЩʲôôòˣЩˣθңòƤ࣬ںҲںġ
ǸúӣôῴϵĶ
С㡣Ĺᰵ֣֪վǸӣҲδȥҲûбʲôŹǣˡ
᰻Ҫ˵ֱӴĻͷˣǻأϽȥǡ
ѶԺСʰ£ӶһˣϽЪ¡УѾдıó̫ˣǻ˯á
ǸβģܡҡͷǣӦòġ
̾ᰣҪҵĻ
Ҳ¿ֻ࣬ǲίЩӣǴ˵飬αǣǣ˵ֱ꣬ƿᰣ˵
ʹ󣬿ɹЩȻ˳ӣԼʹģҲòķԸ
ĽԨ޴ΪȹߣĶԻȻҲˡ
룬ѹԹ˵޵ǱϵĹҪĻҿ԰æġ
ֻҪıͨı

58 

վû˵ҳʱѾ˼ȥԼȴɿ˲ЦįͲʡ
ҹѾˡ᰸ԼڵĴܱ֪̫Ϊ»ᾪ½̫̫
½̫̫Ѿ͹˼ûйϵˣôҲȥ鷳½̫̫ˡ
ЩЪ£ȥʰط
˵ţ᰾ʹ׼ȥȴק˹ᰵ֣ĸЩҲ㣬ĸЩΪĺãԲŲ㡣
ĸ˵㣬ô˼Ҳ鷳㣬ӴܹһЩǹĸĲð
ܶ飬㲻˵Ҳ֪ô㡣
ĸѾǺˣܶ顣
ţˮҲ֪ʲôʱ
̫ˣɫܲһСǽûѪɫһ޵ߣһͨ˶硣
ĸû£ֻ¼ҵ飬Ҳö˵תԺţʼʰԱߵӡ
󻱴޵̫ˣʱ̧ͷȥ˵ǹ⣬ΧһƬڡ
᰸󻱴ʱ򣬻ڻ¼ҵԲ˼ͷ֪ôȥˣ˵¼ҵˣ··˶ûСʹᰵ˱ܳɴʱרĵʰӣʲôĵط
ѹĽԨ޴˵¼ҵ˸˵øеǻĶ
˵ǻ޵ϲĳǻҰѱҵ󸣬Щļ۸һֱӸ߲¡Ļ𶾣ĸ˵øѾľˣԶԸĻ󸣬Ѿ弶ˡ
ĶԻһľòһжҺ޵ߵڣҪⶾĵҩûеҩⶾôҪϵ޵ñϵɵıʱѹڵĶ
ˮˣȴ±
˵óһŵҩݸĽԨ޴󻱴̫ˣԹøãȥһ磬ԺһЩ
һҪ㲹󣬷Ų鵤ָȻЩҲѰˡ
ĽԨ޴ûоܾ飬ʵ뷨ֻǲ
ʱٻּһ䣬ҵʳ¼ҷʲô顣
Ȼ¼ҵ飬ʹĽԨ޴Ҳûʲôǹȴ룬ϾڹᰵУĽԨ޴һˡ
ĽԨ޴Ҳ׹뷨˵ͷҹ̽̽ΧĻ
áͷСһЩûô򵥡
ĽԨ޴һߣŻ߽Źһʰ
᰼æϽùȥϢȥţŪá
ĸûͣĶҽʱʵȥ¼ҡ
¼ҵһǹ˼ģûʲôɫΪǵʦݣ˵˹ø顣
ᰵּͣ˵¼ҵšᰵɫ䣬˵ѣȺƭ˵ѡ
СϣǸķǵСˣҷƴôʱΪ˻ᰵɫͨ죬ȻǱĿ˳ˣ¼ҶʲôСˣ
ĸקŹᰵ£ԼĵʦڹᰵѾǶʦˣĸ˵츳ãٹܳΪʦʳЩ˻Ԫʯ
ĸʲôԼһ˿ôܿܿأ
Թ˵˺ܾõĵó˵ˣûöʱ᰾Эˡ
ʵġϵıŨҡ
꣬᰼¼Һ¼ҵӹȻãȴڹ˼ҵġ͹ᰳ֮ǰûм棬˵ĸҲڻ
ĵһǸͨˣ¼һᶨ£ΪŮƼá׺󣬷ޱ˴أŮһʱģ˵ʱʱѾˡޣ¼ʲôҲûжԹ˵㡣
ֻ֪ΪŮӣͼѡ
ΪһͨŮӲ뿪˼壬κһ޵߶ɵӲŻΪ
ø˵ȻûŮӣŮҲʮֵηȴãŮӡ˿ܻ˵ĵһӣ塣
ͨǻϵģʹ޵ߣҲ޷ǱͨϵһЩ
Ůˣ·߲ʱøҲδпջᱳȥԺɹ̫˵˵
ڹᰵһɷ޵¼ҵʱʮֵԼɷˡ

59 ί

һ棬ֺγ֪Ȣ޷Ϊ˳ųٹ¼ҵĶ顣
һӸ飬ȻԹ˼һһεʱ򣬲ֹƣ¼Ҳᷳġ
ųٹȥʱǾ춼ˡ
˼㣬ҪĶǲ־͸ˣǼҲȱЩûΪųٹȥԶᰣǵһκúõ˵¼Ҿļҡ
ᰣɷʲôѴͲĵĵطҪ
һ̲ס˳
¼һϵĺӣ̿ģֻΪǻˮ˫ʮˣ޵·ȳ˼
ʮǰø̤ڶɽٳɹ¼ҵԸˣȻ˭뵽¼ҵ˻ҲΪȥɽ̺
Ӻƣ붼ûʹӦˡ
¼ҵĺɽ޺ԶֻΪڱ߾޲ࡣ
ʹ޳֣Ҳǵ͵ΪģԺʺϺȥ
ҲȺΪǵˮԼＫڡ
᰺ĸȻΪԵʣǼкӡûԼĺӺźʶȺǶǸǿģԼеĺӶܺãԱЩģȥӽ
ΪﵽڵʱǺ˵Ҫһ常
ȻϲӣǹȴôԱɫĺӣҪ常Ȼѡһμˣ
ʱҲˣ˵ӦҸΪߵ常
ܾǲģǲʲô֪ʶϲճ
ֹ¼ˣøۿҪᵤˣ϶ʲôľϻ˵Цøó˵ѣʹȥ˺öҲϽ˿죬һΪĸ׸ҵļױеĵҩΪ̿ࡣ˲ȥĵطȥ˲ȥʽҡ
֮󣬾ͷ˻顣
Ӵģ˵Ҫɱ޺ޣȴ봥޺һӡΪ˾Ҳ˽ȥ
֪һֱ֪Ϊ仯Եʣ¼ҺɽһűĻ󸡣
ֻǴǰһĵʦģʦȥĴڣΪϾޣڻɺȻ޺ʶ·¼ҵĵ̡
ǣֶǱı޵߶ԱʮֵĲϲ¼ڶݵҲҲһѾ̤ڵıʶһֱûжºȴΪ֪һ£һȥ
õֻ޵Ҳõ˻󸸹еıһļĵ¯
¯ʹǰλʦµָ壬̤ļʦ·Ҳˡ
ҲΪԼãԲŻ£ʵҲδڹȥ
Ǻ֪һͰ˫ͨ죬ºĸ磬ϲֶӣô˵ң
ûԸȥճΪʦԲȥġ̹׵ĸңδزӦ
Ǹ磬ȴңΪ֪ȻǵȴǼɫһǵȼȥɱ󸣬ĶδģΪǿǸ硭Ϊӵǰ;Ȼң
󼸺Ҫ޳ҿᵤ˰
ǰ˵ûкӣҲ㡣Ҳ˵Ҫһ常ϲ㡣ºװͿ⺢˵ľ㣬ȴ
Һܸм㲻ú˵˵Һ
ʱҲץһͺ𣬡˵ΪʲôҪң
ҲڴʱºͻȻ󺰣ˣҪҹ̺Ӹ㣬ħ˰ɣᰲ˵ĺӡ
һ䣬¼ҵĳҲ߽ˡ
ʧƬ̣ºֱӷľӴ󳹵׵ķˡ
ʵøҲҪ˵࣬¼ҵ˿ԸӣȴûΪҡۣصĿ֪ѾΪ˷ȥҲδȴҪۡ
º˵˵ȥ࣬ôɱң統ɱøĵһһ
ֻΪһЩָ͵¯º˵Լĵܵܡն᲻ú

60 

ʵൽʲô¼ҵĳºĸĸѾҪˡ
һ󸶾ҾѾѵһ츳䲻ȴһӵº
ʧͼ֮䣬ǻѡʲôѾԶ
ǣʹ¼ҵ˶ȴҲº鲢ԣ˻ģºֶ˼ͷж˼ˣԲŻԵº
֮Ҳ·߷߲ƽȥº˽вֱӱ죬ٰ֮أ͹һ
ˣеҲ
룬˽¿϶ҲʲôȻ¼һѡֱɱǣ
ŹᰣҲԼĹĸ
͹ᰵĴã˵̫࣬޷ùᰵĴѩϼ˪
Щ飬ĸԭġ᰿޵۾ˣҲʶԼֶŮǰ˵ʧ̬ôȥˣίһֱڹᰵϣҺɷ¶ģֻǰοɷû¡
Ϊ᰺˼ҵ壬ԲֻعųٹڣȷҪɡųٹ鲻ˡ
½̫̫ѱͻСЩ꣬ᰳ̫Ŀ࣬Ҳ̫ί˭ûһ䡣
ȻŵЩȴ׵ıˡ
֪οᰣֵøϵĶûа취𣿡
ԣֻҪ弶ĽⶾľˡʹϵĶˣҲûа취ˣΪһֱ˲ͨ˲ࡣ᰿ЦøѾ˼Ҳֲ˼ˡ
ѾСˣǱͨˣҲûжˡ
ڹⳤģŮӵĵ£óıԼĿң˺ܶίа취˵ƴһΪ˹ᰣȴһֱӲĻš
νѼģҲ޷ǰˡ
᰺ľ棬ʵһݡ
ʱȴЩ䣬һЩ˵ôˣ
Ҳûüᣬ㶪¹ߵ⡣
̧ͷ㿴ϵĽ磬ûпĻǱõĽ硣ʮֵĸ˿ǸܲĴڵģǽԺӣŻоϢ
ҲǱˣΪԱĶ
ĽԨ޴ǱıҲ˹ᰵ˳ĸԲס͹ø̸ҲһЩ
󻱴̫ˣøĶһֱڸȵĻ£ĶΪĸ졣ԣĽԨ޴ȥ磬ùøϵΪĸһЩ
ǡøϵĶܵýˡ
üͷ弶ĽⶾһеԪʯء
һ٣ŶԹ˵취
˹ĻȴЦЦû˵ʲôĽԨ޴һֱڹߣջ᲻Ầ˹
һҹᰲû˯ã̹Լ˹顣
ᱡɴţڵĹ߲Ʋò
ûֹᰣЦ˵˵˾˵ˣܴʹ㲻˵Ҳа취ġ
˵⺢ӵĸףҲŵʦһˡ¼Ƴ󷨣ô¼ҲٵĳϾͳ׵ˡ
ÿ˵ųٹʱ϶塣
ݴ½Ȼֻ󷨵ˣ֮١
ųٹƫƫᣬÿѧĲ
ǰ˵ųٹ飬ҲЦ⣬ĸס
ʵڹ᰺ٺ͹Ĺ˼ϵԹת˲٣Ҳ֪½̫̫ȻҲ˹ת䣬ܾù˴̼󣬲Żӡ
½̫̫Ǹôõġ
ԣѾ׵ĻˣҲû֪
һٴ˳ǣҵɳǵķУźƹĿ֮ƹĲ˵ȷƹױź
ƹݣƹڹезУǸѾ͵ˡ
ʱƹЦ˵ƹ֮ǰ㣬˵ʳôС㣬ǿԵĻʳ͵ҩжԸա
ȡķû֮ǰһ㡣
Ϊл㷽ʵ弶ⶾҿԴ۸㡣ֻ׼ʮöеԪʯɡ
ƹ˵룬˳룬ΪƹźＫĵԣСʮöеԪʯұȸ㵤ҩʣµԪʯҡ

61 

ν޼鲻̡
ƹƹڹеķУĿȻȳ˸Զ
ʵںܶǰУȴܾ
˵ҪźĽԶһӣĽԶȴһֱеλƾɫųٹ飬ԲԸ뿪⡣
ƹҲųٹ飬ǵȷǸ۲۵ˣǸвŻˡ
ò˵ǰĹʹĴһɫȹӣʺòҲȲŮ޿Ϊڡ
ųٹŮ
ԹãȴǿųٹϡΪѾǶĵʦһ󷨣ҪǣʳҲһЩãֹʳȻ̺Ĳ࣬ζȴǼá
ƹЩȻҲ˱ٹȵǹȴǸϲʳˣϧѦҴڶǰʧɭֺѦ˵ĳձһһ
ԣЩʳûθڡ
ڹ͵ǰˣȻҪס
лƹ񡣡ӦһЩ׼Ԫʯġ
һЩʵݺȥɳĿջҵ˹µģ˵ԼһЩϣܷڿջ
ջĹ±Ը⣬ǼǶĵʦ׵ĵԵͷ˵Է߼գȥСȡߣӶǻǵա
ãӿռָó̳Ѿƣһ̳ӾһöеԪʯļ۸󣬲뿪˿ջ
ٴλص󻱴壬ĽԨ޴Ѿ͹һỰˡ
ʵᰲǺϲĽԨ޴ڹᰵ֪˶ôϣΪջẦ˺
ӽˣûʲôýġ
͹˵ѩ̫̿ˣĽԨ޴Ӧò̫ԿʼᰵĿ
ĽԨ޴ҲֻǸ޵ߣһҪţΪʲôغΧ˶ݲأ
᰺ĻԶĽԨ޴֮ҲǺɫЩǴ¼Ҵģ֮ǰүһɽҵġ
˵ѼʹûˮҲܻ꣬Щɬɱ񣬵ζȴá
᰿ĽԨ޴ٹˮȥΧůϲժѸĽԨ޴ԣ
ĽԨ޴ʱ䣬ּǱԵʣЩԽˡȴǸģԹᰵʱҲЦŵͷ
ǡùҲˣĽԨ޴ֱӰѵݸùζ
ûпժһѺͷ
˵ûѿſС̺ȴ٣Ҫζر
𡣡ЦŶԹ˵ĸζĲ
ϲ𣿡Ҳû뵽ĹӣȻùôϲɴְ̧ժһ룬ϵʱֱ͵˹
ǰһѣҲЩ㵡
Ҳ̫ˡõꣿ
Ȼǹᰵĺ⣬Ҳûоܾ
ȥԺķ˽ֿʼóߡ֮ٴӿռָóڳ˲ʳɫЩʳá
ڼ¼ҺҲʳ
֪Щζãȴ̺˲޵̲Ʒ붼ûж룬ֱʳá
⡭Щ㵵ĿŹᰣģ
ġҲûôˣζ𣿡
ҲǺġ᰸ϽͣŻʱ˵ԺѺζһ˾ͰԺժһ롭˷ҵ⣬Щʳ
ΪǺãԼʹζãҲһЩ֪Щʳ洦
ЩЦãʲôأ
ᰣʲôŸңԿ϶ûгЩʳɣ˵ζܺã̺Ҳ񣬱ѦҵʳҪá
ҪǣЩʳӵĹӣֹզԺѣӦû
̾һЩε˵Ʒˡ
⡭Ȼ֪棬һʱҲЩʧˡһᣬ˵ȻôӱضܺãһЩ
ڲף˵Ҫһе鷳Ĳ˵˵ô򵥣Ĵ
ԽչǣҲȥΪЩ
һУĻõġ
ļգÿն˲ٵĲȺʳ᰺̲壬ʱҲ
պһȥ˳
һ̤ջƹľͼҴҵس嵽˹ǰϴŹάЦ⣬ѽСҿɵȵˣߵʱҲûסȥҲҲطˣ㶼֪ľƣرĺã˶أ⡭û˰
öеԪʯƹóԪʯݸֽʣС㣬𣿡

62 

ֵĵطˮǡ
ȻҪˮǣؾ֮·ɳǡ
ʶЩɳջסŵĿǣٶȥˮ޵ߣЩɳǵĿջҲв١
ƹʣǽҾӪջ꣬ȻûͶκһУɳȴķˮ
ˣԺΪ󣬽ƹӪջ꣬ȻҲǰǰСջ˵Ҫƣһ̳ۼһöеԪʯʱȻҪЦСﲻ֪ߵغһ̳ƾƾĸ߼ۣǱϻǴӦΪλ俴СѾǶʦˡ
Ĺ˭ҲԸȥһλʦǰ;ĵʦ
˭֪ҹһλˣջʲô۸ľƣҪúõƷơ
ƹ˲ٵľƳλСӣҲæһ
ʮ̳Ӿƣ˾ѡλСľơ
˵ѻҼǵǹѣĶ
ƾȻֻһԪʯһ̳ƹɱ˵ЦˣѦҵƵζƵζá
ƹЩ˵ĻɵԳ֮󣬲֪Է顣
ҲͬʱҲΪ˵Ļ̳Ӿ˺ģ볢һƵζҶ˵ζܺãֻ̳̫ˣʻûд
ƹһʱҲɵˣƵζȻã̺治࣬ѦҵƱвġǲò˵Ϊ̫ˣڱ·ˣɴֱס˵
Сļ۸һԪʯһ̳ҸСԪʯΪꡣƹ˵СܲܶһЩ
ֻǿջƵĻӶǿԷĲȡ
öһ޶Ϊͷס£Խƹǲġ
ִӿռָó̳ӾƣҲ֪Щƻôãûж׼ЩҪԪʯһ̳ˣΪ滹
һ̳ýƹţһ̳̺ǴľϵһЩľϵ޵߼õҩº˳١
ãƹѹûж룬ֱʮöеԪʯС㣬ö׼һЩƣЩ̫ˣ
һ˵պһ˳
ʵԼҲû뵽ôãΪϲƵԵʣԵûٺѧϰơЩգʹһطҲܼãһ׬һЩԪʯ
ԪʯҪⶾȴһЩԹȥкֱƹһЩѡһЩѡ
Ϊ̫࣬ƹЩ㵣ȻҲỵСҲ̫˰ɣóԶ갡
ҴŪƵġûƭƹַһЩʳмǰշڽҵĿջµ˵žĲ
ƹһ£ɳڵϢ˵ǽǱҵһּζľơƹԳʳȤ˽ҲҪȥһЩƹȴѾˣ
ԽǵòĶƹԽǺ档
ʶ˽ƹƵˣһҪһ̳
ǱϾͬ⣬ԽƹЦǺǵĴӦˣʵϻ᲻ƹȴǲ֪ˡ
ƣϻ𣿡ƹϽ˵Ҳġ
ƹԴǸ˵Žƹ˵ֻǿջôҵӶ𡣾һ׷ѾӦơǲˡ
⡭ƹҲף˽ıǳţǹʱƣȷЩ̫ˡ
ǣһ̳𣿡ƹ֪˶ģƹôŵһˣ˹ӶƲ̫Լ˵Լȥġ
ֻǴӦڽҵĿջȴû˵˽ˡ
ƹִţִӿռָóһ̳Ӿƽƹ
һ̳Ӿµһ̳ˣԼõģȴòóˡ
ƹֱˬĸ˹öеԪʯ´λµľƣһҪǵС
ƺʳԪʯ߰˰˴һ£ҲڴչʮöеԪʯƹڵ˺þƺǺֱ̹ˬ˽ⶾЦ˵ʣµԪʯüˣǧƣ
ǰپƹв˸Ⱦģû뵽һطȴҲٴЩƹ
ƣﶼǺö
ҹ˹ᰣóⶾݸᰣĸøøɣ
øݲãǣɹĸ֪ģƤֶֻøǸˣҲᱻЩϵĶŵġ
ң˵øóҲⷽأ

63 ⶾ

һ㵵ĿŹѹû˵ʲô
ⶾ
öҩȻǽⶾ
ûǴĻһöⶾҪһöеԪʯ۸򵽲ٵıջù¹Ժĺܺá
ǹ˿ûпЩֱһöеԪʯöⶾù᰾Լֱ
ʲôЩˣŹ˼ֵǺͻţǲĸĶ㲻
øϵĶԼ취øử׭Ҳ׬Ԫʯġ㲻ϵĶ㻹¹Ժ갡
û뵽ᰵȻ˵ķḻϽЦź͹᰽ͣöⶾֻҪʮöеԪʯΪԵʣʮöеԪʯƹѵҩˣʣµԪʯոƹ
ȴֱӴ˹ĻʮöҲˡ
еĻѱȹ̫ⷭ౶ԴҶϧԼԪʯ¼ҵʱҲһöеԪʯһЩаö
ǲںöеԪʯÿύᰡԼԼ׭׬Ԫʯȥɱ޺ȥؾ߶ǰԣʱҲǧöԪʯ
ڣȴ˰ʮö˽ⶾ
ĸⵤҩҲˣѵҪȥɣֻйøӺܶܽ˵ĵҩһٴġ
ͬ˵ЩԪʯһʳһЩ˾ơ
᰼ִţҲټ˵ʲôϣɷҲϣɷټܿˡ
ѲǳڹĹҼǵûʲôһЩɬһ˶мʳãȻƣڽӹⶾʱҲɻҩǴʲôطģᰵĽͺ󣬲˵ôһ
ᰵͷ˵һЩûʵ̫ϸ
ʹ֮䣬ʳʦ͵ʦҲǲ̫ϲ̫ܸ֪ġԹûмȥ㵽ֹ
ûʣҲûж˵
ǹᰣƵʱõַȽ˴ǰֽ֪ľ飬ԹЩ˵ûûˡ
ĺܼ򵥣Ȼǵ˵ҩȻҪշµġ
˭ԸԼһֱдŶ
Ҳеĵֱӷ˵ҩ
ҩһ븹õһȣ˲һζ嵽˺ı죬ȴûֹѪҺ
Ƭ̣³һ̲ɫѪҺ
ŵɫ䣬ôˣ
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ѪųȥˣôҵĶҲǳ׵Ľˡ
˵ҪлҪˡ
ʮȥˣ¼ҵڴֱӱ㡣Ҳ޵Ĳпᣬֻû뵽˵ı
ҵȥллҲ֪ĺӣȻںϵĶҵ
᰸Ͻ˳ȥʱںĽԨ޴ţҪһЩվ̳ӻ
һֹͣ˺ĽԨ޴̸
վӣŹ˴񣬡лҵľ֮
øʲôϽվֱߵߣ˵һ˰αô⣿
һˣ仰ϳ˳ŪЦݡºҲ˵һˣӦûºȴǺһ仰ʱȴһչ˵ĺӶԼ˵ģȻ仰ǳЦڸ͹ᰲǹ¶ڵĵ·ϣţһˣһǵлл㡣
ºЦ˵øҪлң˵˵׭ɣһֱܺأϧڹʱûһ׭ʦ
ϸűɴȻᱡȴҲ˿ݡ
˿Źֵİ࣬Զ׼
áҪټ˵һ˵
үСǼ鰡ҷүӵķԸ̽㣬үӶһرԸСһЩ
ү̫̫ڼ𣿡
үү
һЦݵĹᰣڴʱЦݳ׵Ľϡ
һ¶˲ģиղЦº͵
վԹ˵ûµģȥš

64 ̧

֪¼ҵ硣
¼ҵĹ»ͻȻضǵ֪˹ڿջƻԪʯԵʡ
ȻЩȴʮֵĴϻۣССѾǶĵʦֻ¼ҵ˱ضԥҪҪ£ڵ֪Ȼƻʳȥļ۸񻹲ʱ¼˲òĶˡ
Ϊ꣬¼ҲҪ£ųٹ飬ĸȢųٹ飬Ӵסųٹ¼ңһΪ¼¡
ųٹ¼ҵûκȤǺչ˺ùᰡ
ĸȻʧųٹ飬ȴҲΪųٹϵõ˲ٺô
¼Ҫʼʩ
ΪĽԨ޴Ժڲ˽磬±˷е쳣棬弶µˣз̤Ժڣʶ¼ҵֻǻ
ʱ¼ҵҲЩ㵵Ŀǰ󷨣ûв´Ļһ󷨣öʦܲЩɻΪӵԵʣ̫Զ·ôʲôʱʶ˶ʦأ
ʲôԺ˳ȥżһվ棬һЦ⡣üͷЩõ˵²ţʲôֱ˵ɣ
ү˵ģ̫˲ǣһάӣСҲ֪ЩһֱôȥˣٴҲ˰
һЦżЩ̡
¼ҵĶ£½⡣ֵź̫ү꣬ǳĺܶ飬ʵ͵ڴүӡ
̫Լ׵ˣ˽ݡ
үɱˣЩ̫̫ү㣬ʱһֱδ̽㡣һʹѻ˵ľϣνӸӣиӣүļϵĺӣôĲ㣿
үǲ֪үʮǰؾ˺صˣһֱڱչأ̫飬Ҳ֪̫̫ȻЩɳǣκμĳϲͬ⣬̫̫Ҳûˡ
үӱչؽͼĳ˺ܾáΪ˲˺ܶ࣬ĳǲŴӦȥ
ЦһȥôҸ׻׼ⶾ𣿡
ôҲû뵽ֱ⣬ЦЩΣС˵˼ҵСүһöⶾ
ԣ΢΢Ŀ
֪¼ҵ˻ûаĵġ
¼ɳϰ꣬Բ˲ٵĹϵ̽ӣֻҪɳʲô紵ݶүӱضڵһʱ֪Ϣһ̳ѾöеԪʯĸ߼ۣ˲עⶼѣҹŴЩԪʯҲͿջƹ˵ס΢˶֪סڴ󻱴¼ˣҲֻķˡ
¼ҵ֪ϢȨ֮ȻҲ˼
ʹ֪ȴɹɻʣô֪ģ
ҺͽҵƹϵһֱһЩҩȥƹǡڿջС㡣˵飬üЦôҲزס˵ҲɣүҴ˵Сľƿ϶ĺܺãҵʱƣ˵һ̳ӾƶǵöеԪʯˣ˭򰡣
СòɣүǱɫԣԸԸšСߣүȥ׷ȴҲʱֱСڿջ̳Ӿƣ̫ˡ
ƹȻȫˣ˵˵һ̳ˮϵƣҺүҲ¡
үһֱС㣬˵СǸϻ۵ĹδɫŮӡ
˵ͣ£ү֪СסүίС㣬ҪСȥ¼СסǣվУض̫áǡүһֱһӻүСˣСĽү̫̫ȥ
үӻ˵үСĽԡ̫̫æ˵˵ܲܡ˫ϲš
βЦ޳ܰ
ʲôĽĲŻʲôĽΪˣ˵ͷΪĺÿһó׬Ԫʯ
ļλȻңҸǶۻҡ
û檣ҲΪ뵢̫ʱ鰮ϣҪרĵ޵
ȻЦǣûʽףߵͨңѾ¶ʮˡ
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ү˵ʵҲм¶Цݣһά˵ôˣ˻𣿡
үڵȵˣҪˡ˵СˣһСĿڻһ常

65 ö

ʵ֪µȷί
ʮ꣬Ѿʦ
Ҫǣǵˮ޵ߣյǰ;
¼һľҲΪ̺ˮϵƺóˮϵʳ¼ÿմĻȲܲ򵽣ôһҲûѲٵеԪʯ
ºȻԸҲٵԴȴ¼ĳҲԸ⡣
¼ҵĵϵӲ٣Ҳֹһˣºү˵ʮĽҪȢΪޣȻЩϲ񣬿ɹĸȴǵڹмųٹ飬¼һֱǵųٹ鵱յĶ飬Ը
ʱһãȴҲû˵ʲôĻ
֪ǣ嵤¥޲Ըпںʲôǹ˲ġ
ǹĻ붼룬ֱӾܾº顣
º˽º˵Ȣ֮ҲûɪżһЦˡң̫ˣ¼ҺͶһЩ鵤ãܴﵽ˼ôոƺʳ̺ѦĲ١
ʡ²ٵԪʯȥǸˣҼʮȥ󣬹Ҳʲô
û˭涨ɷΪؽڵġ
ºе鵤ʵһֵͼĵҩǰ͸֧֮ΪٵĽʮڴﵽܼΪֵҩʲôöΪ˵ΪﵽߺҲԶˣ˻Ϊڵ޷ƣ
޵磬˶׵ʹ鵤Ͼ޵ǶϧԼ
ǣûʲô鵤ȴûһ˲鵤
ԼʮˣҲֻ˵Ϊ˻ɷĳ谮Ҫ裬ܵķ鵤
һж¼һ޹ء
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Щ飬ûк˵ȴҲܲµ߰˰ˡ
꣬үҲһλòȴʮó׭ңλʮֺƣ˭һЦ⡣ΪûкӵԵʣҲۼÿӣ簮ı
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ȻλԽԽߣķ׭ÿһŶܻȡٵԪʯ¼ҡ
һ峿λ˵һͽķ׭
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Ϊү֪ԶˣԱ֧ȥɽҶȻ˺ɽ
ΪǱ󼱴ҴҵظȥʱλΨһ±һöռָүӴָҳ鵤¶һʹģ˵벻Ϊʲô
ǰҲ벻ף˴󻱴󣬲Ŵչ˵֪Щ鵤үӸλιµġ
һɷŮҲû뵽ɷ˵ĺԼ
һ̣֪ԼΪʲôĽ벻˭
뿪¼ҵʱҾͬ¼ҵ˵ˣҴԲٻ¼ҡ뵽Щһߣң£Һᰶ
Ļұض޸Сϣ
ȥɣӻҪȢжԶҹԶ
飬Ҳ°ѻˣ¼ô֪ܣô귢¼ҵĲ飬Ҷٹ˼ʲôֳȥЦ¼ҵ˲ҪҲԸ㡣
û뵽˵Ĳ֪ôȻ˵ôһ
үˡ˹¶꣬ϰ˷Ը˰£ȻҲʲôӣβȥôûˡ
С㲻Ǹķϲ񣬻˻飬үԸȢ̧ˡ
ȻСʣҲֻܸͨ˼ҵүҡ
̧˼һ£ҹԶԶġ
ʲôһණΪ˶ɱ˭ӣ˭ǵ˰˱ӵùΪ϶ᱬ
鱻˵ʵ࣬ҲЩˣ֪ȥ¼ûʲôô
ϽΧĶװ˿ռָĶӡ
ȼһߣᰲŴԺ˳ָ̧˳ǲֵ
Ҳҵ뿪¼ҵʱҾ˵ʲô޹ءҧ۸ͷˣҲ׸
߳жûлסλĵ֪ġ
֪һеӶסôˡ

66 

ڷŷ飬᰺ûдŹѹҪ¼ҵˡ
Ƕǰʵ۷ʱȥΪѾˣҪ޸̫ˣⱲӶǸ
ǣʹ֪ǰ·˾ɲ
ǲˣ֪Ҳѡ񹶻
αΪЩԼԼѡ֮ӣΪ˹᰻ҺúõĻš
¼ҲɫĺӣΪõ˻ڵı̤Ҳǳ顣᰿Цʲô䣬ҪСһЩ
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ǲԸ
ƾʲôҪ
Ȼʵ߻ᱻ裿ôͻŬŬ
룬˵øٹһ¹ԺҪˣҵǰȥˮǡ
ţǹø͹ĸɳǹĺãұ㲻šȴҪһȥˮסˡ
ңˮǽӽʳǣƽҲ弶ĵʦĵʦ롣ǣôøľа취޸
ɳٺãʳҲվЩ룬ɳǽӽ޺ʦϧǲߵġ
ŹĻĬƬ̣ǣȥˮʲôأ
ѾǺˡЦ˵ˮ˿ܼҩ˲١
ȹø͹ĸȥˮǣǾһӣʳ͵ҩҼǵùøó׭ҲԻһЩ׭
ȻˣΪƵҩļ𲢲ߣԼʹЩҲ׬ʲôȴûʲô⡣
ˮ㣬ôøˮҲԴٵϢ
ⷬ˵˵ô򵥣󷨣ȻֻǰһһʦĹʦ࣬Լʹһ죬Ҳȵȥġ
˼ŹĻõȷ̫鷳ˣҲڸȷһûᡣ׵ľܾˣҲҲôõĻ뿪ˣҴӹĻȷ˻ŵϣ
ãԹ˵Һĸһȥˮǡ
Ӧ󣬱㿪ʼ׼ʰ
ϲǷĸоԵҹֱӰѿռָ˳һЩơΪԵʣЩƵζãԼһЩݣƵζ֮ǰ˼Ρ
ȰѾƶŻؿռָ󣬹óԼµĵ¯
ⷽ¯ģƲʲô˵˴ӹؾġΪΪ۵ȷ̫ˣԺĶ
ŵ¯ŽմݣȴͻȻҪһҩ
¼ҵʱȷоѹ
޵粻ǰһλԬδһλ
ȻǵƷǲòϣ棬ȷĸǱ
ǿɵͻÿһʱĽڣȴʮֵѡȥĵҩʳͻļˣǰļĽڣȴ޷ͻƹȥɱõҩʳٵĽԨ޴ȴǰʽ弶
Ȼ޵·ٶȼ죬Ҳδ̫˵㡣
޵յʳ͵ҩ̫ˣʵȻڽΪҪԻӻٶȡ
󵨵Ĳ²⣬ô޵ߣǲΪôҲȵʵأ
һ˵ļϵˣſʽоĵҩǴʱĹȴԼ뷨
ǼݣûˣҲôۡ
Ǹжǿˣ뵽Ϳʼ˸磬ΪҩᵤʱŨĵ㣬ֲֳ̫ĶԺ󷨡
һж׼ú󣬹Ŵӿռָóݣʼ֡
ʵ½̫̫ͺҪҩҪע顣
ܶ൤ʦ˶󣬱ͻΪҩǿƣ֮ǰԡ
ʹûʱַͻ𶼱ƶҩһҩʱ򣬻΢ʧܻը¯
𽥵ıҺ壬Ƿĵ¯Ҳ𽥱Ƿӡ
һ̣һɵζʼڡ
ĶͷϣȴҲ˺ӡ

67 ɽ

¯Һʱţ𽥵ı˹塣
Ƭ̣ڵζŨҲһΪ¯ҺѾͨҩˡ
Ȼɹˣ
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Ϊ˽󷨣ȥǹȴһЩĸо
һ̣洫¡¡
ɽ緢ˣɽ緢ˣܰ
ŮӼƼžҹ
ҲΪŮӵ˾ÿֻš
Ҫ¯ȴ¯ҩƯǻһͻ˹µĽ磬ȻŻɽķ˹ȥ
Ҳɻ
ҲЩӵ쳣
Դ˴󻱴ɹļˡΪΪԼĴˣַϤˣŲʧܡϸ룬ʹ½̫̫ʦҲÿһ¯ҩʧܵģ½̫̫꣬Ϥľ飬ɹأ
͸緢ĻɽԼĵҩ뿪ʱɢĵ㣬ƺʹǰĲһ
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ĽԨ޴ץסһʱҲû쳣Ǽ˵ɽ緢ˣģ㵽Ҫʲô뿪
Ϊ̫żˣĽԨ޴Ҳûƽغ
ǹЦŰοûµģɳǰĽһתԼλõ׭Ұλ׭λ˽ҿջ߳ˣҶܸ
ҹĸ͹ø뿪ЩһҪŪס
˵ҲĽԨ޴Ļᣬת㳯Żɽ緢ķȥ
ʱ᰺ҲѾˣǱʹ뿪󻱴壬ľʰʱɽ緢󣬸պÿԴЩ뿪ĽԨ޴Ź뿪ķһҧת󣬺˵˵뿪£ȥջ
ȥˣЩżɽ緢۽ʹҲԿ⣬ļʲô
ûµġʹĽԨ޴Ҳʮֵĵģ֪ʱԼš
ں᰺ŵʱ򻹺׭飬ĵʮֵĿġȻǵİΣԼƴҲԲܹΣ뿪ɣ̫Σˣǻĵġ
룬üʹԼ£ȷҲΪĸתԹ˵ߣ
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ò˵λɽ緢ļֲʹ˷ȴɸоԼݷڹ̵ˮȵϢҪϢ
ŸҪ뿪ֲԼĵҩĪĶʧ
ӽɽʱȴһ󡭡
ɽϿǷĵ¯ôơ
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ֹǵҩûˣⵤ¯Ҳסˡ
ϲ׷ףʹڵʧĸɸɾû÷׭뿪Ǽ۲Ķ
󻱴סŵ޵ܵĸɸɾˣԶԶĿȥһȼĻɽɽϣվһűɫȹŮ⻭ʵЩ졣
¯۽˰ʱ𽥵ȥڵǣ¶˱ӡ
΢΢Ŀǰðĵ¯𽥵ƮߣʼתʲôƻƵģԶĸָѪҺ˵¯ϡ
ĵ¯һѪҺʮֵĴۣѩĺ÷
ͬʱɽͻȻðһɵɫĻ档
¯ĿȴҪ뿪ȴǱ¯ϵĴųò𽥿
ǡѩ𣿡ôҲû뵽Լ𣬾Ȼڻɽ
һθָҪѩѩȴʮֵųҵĶء
ʱһСӵž˵ˣôһҵˣ
ҲԸ⣬ϽߣȻ㣡
Ϊƺ¯ţôƺ뿪
СӿŴ󺰣žﱰ޳ܣñֱô˵۸ң
̫ˣ
ʱ򣬹׷ŵ¯Сһġ

68 

޵署ıԣֻǽķʽͬ
ǰѩȻŽСƺڶǰѾĿǣ˵˽
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ĹʦǸﲻкͻʳڣҲвٸ߼ĵʦ;ɳǣôΪʲôôȥˣû˷ѩĴڣ
ţΪƳҩԵʡ

ǰİ¯һʱҲ̲סЦ
ȻǸעòˣʱԪʯٶһЩҲѡⷽ¯Ͼɺϵ飬ûԪʯ֮ѡĵ¯ȻǸ
ϵڱЩ졣
ʶȤĻϽſңȻĻģѩʧ񣬸ҿǻ۽ġ
Ҳ²ѩ˲Ҫҵѩ𣬾͵ⷽ¯ƳӡϵĵҩҲѹǰƶҩʱ򣬾óɹļʱȴǰ̫ࡣ
һļܲ
ӵĵʦֹֹܷԼϮļʣҲΪʲôô൤ʦԵʡ
ѩеֻܿеȣǶ˵ȷһѵõı
ΪӵĵʦҪôǼ̳˼ŴҪôѾĴʦˡ
ո̤ʦľ磬ÿˣҲѹѩ𲻻ѡԼ
ȻҲ֪˵ž˭Ҹ·˵ⵤ¯Ȼܿ㣬ôҲĨ֮ǰļ䡣
һҹԹԵߣΪҵ𡣡
ĨʶΪҵ𡣡
ѩΪʲôҪѡ㣿ķžһָȲϣҵ⣬ΪʲôҪѡ㣿
Ϊ͵ҵĵҩЦЦȻҵĶҲø꣡
ѩ˻𣬡룡
˵ɫĻȼյĸģһֲ󷨣һĽԨ޴½ʱõַʲôӵġ
ѩĿǣǱµĽ硣
ҵԼ㹻飬ĽԶĲص鼮෱࣬Ȼѹ֪ѩĿʲô
ĽԨ޴Թûʲô֮ģԼʹǱ˲õĽ磬Ǻޱĸ˹ǸеľϡһֻȮ¶Ķӣһ
ǱȻˣǺĽԨ޴µģǲ̫ľ룬ЧĽԨ޴µĺá
Ҳ֪ԼҪԽ½̫̫ͱõҲΪʲôðΣԭ
󷨺ͽ綼õʱѾ׵ѷˣԸϽӿռָóһö鵤¡
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ôԸ⣬ҲֻѡЭˣԹһ˵Ҹߣ㲻Ĩ֮ǰļ䣬ҡҲǾҪǻˣҲǵˣöѹ
һ𱻷ڴ󻱴ֵطѩҲûѡ뿪ɼž˶ԣȷҪ
ԹûĨʶΪǸʴȵˣԦѩ𱾾ѣǿȥĨѩļ䣬ôѱʲô
Ѫѩһѩͳ׵ʧǰ̧֣΢΢ǡһܿðɫ档
ߣһڸ߹
Ϊʧȥѩѹƣɽֲ¡¡ɽҪڲըһҲûƬֱ̣ץһĵ¯תԼķ׭ѸٵתƵ˽ҿջĸ
뿪ʱƺܸܵǹɹ̵۽Ҫ׵ڻˡ
ʱѾ賿Զˡ
ʱʹվӣҲ֪ԼʱޱȵǱӳڹ᰺ĽԨ޴ǰҪģԹվӺ󣬵΢ָһЩһԼϵĳʧĸɸɾ
ΪϲԣԷļ򵥣ݺҹɫڻ£ӽ˽ҵĿջ
󻱴巢˴Ķ˲ٳڵ޵ߡ
в˶ⳡɽ緢̫ڹ죬Ѿ޵߸ȥ˴󻱴壬Ӵ󻱴ӳ޵ߣʱȴһǱڸĿջһӡ
ĽԨ޴վڽҿջǰ棬ѹûע⵽Χĳ棬ͲŮ޵ߵĿ⡣
ҹĹʮֵͣɵɫ͸ϣƾ˼䵭Ϣ
ǱĽޣʱ䵭Ϣ˾ǧ֮⡣

69 뿪

ЩֻôվһܳΪһ޶ķ羰
ֻǹѹû˼ȥ羰оԼڽѩʱ̫ãǱЩ̵Ļˡ
ԣֻҸطϽ´ָ
ĽԨ޴񼫺ãʹСȺһ۾Ϳ
˫տɫۣʱһۣʱ鶯ԡ
С㣡ĽԨ޴ϽǰЩĹһ˫޳üˣ
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ĽԨ޴ŹӺ󣬾Źֿʼ
ʵƽĲΪǱϵʺͨ޵ߡǴʱϵˣǻɽɵģôǡܿЩŸ˵޼ɵ
Ƭ̣Ҳ˲١
̧ۣĽԨ޴ϣѾ˺ֱ˵ûˡ
ĽԨ޴гԼ֣һöҩĽԨ޴ȴĽԨ޴Ͻӹȥ
ε˵ǲͣһ͵ߡڻɽ̫ˣԼʹõҩݽߵҲҪϢһЩӲ𽥵һ·вΣգǻÿ˳ˮأ
Ȼ̫ƽȴҲΣյȥˮǵ·϶谭
˵޷ĽԨ޴İõķµҩΪһʦһһϣʧʲ͵ĵʦȷȱЩҩ
һԸȥ˵ˣķģʵ˭ءԸĽԨ޴ߣǾẦԼǳš
ΪӲѶԼΣյ˷ߡ
ֻǣóǷ飬ҲرεΨжá
ڸ
˵Ҳǻ治νĸ飬ʲôӡ
ǰϻʵۣûνİ飬֮䣬ǻá
ֶע˭
Щûõĸ飬һʵʵĶƩ絤ҩƩʳƩ粻δ
ǲ˹棬ĽԨ޴˫տɫ΢΢ǵȥһī֭һһᱣСġ
һȥ˹᰺󣬺Ҫ뿪
ʵҲ˴ģΪ󻱴һ٣ô¼ҵ˱ضٴβûаܶԸ¼ҵˣֻ뿪
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Ͼ¹ԺĳϿɲǺǵģ¹ԺǵѧԱⲻ
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ΪʹҪ뿪Թ׼˲ٵʳ͵ҩоҲ÷߳˾㡣ȥеʱƹ֪Ҫ뿪ĺҲͷ˵Щ뿪
ǻ֪лХԺĳȥ˴󻱴壬˵ڴ󻱴ĻɽִǰžµĶ˵žĺ˻ˣžµı
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ǵڶžˣʮֵĺ棬ž˭
㲻֪˭ƹЩȣ룬Ҳùڹ⣬֪žҲǸ֮ˡ
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žڹڵЩĻ˶ΪҪ޸ĻӵʱȴͻȻɱĻӣĻӸյõѩܵʱΪֳĶ̫󣬻˺ʦ
ΪˣżҲȫɱˡ
ƹ˵̾һžΪһ֮˽ѩ𣬻ɱĻӣӦǽ𵤳˰ɡ
ХԺ˵žĺ˴˻ɽµıȴں˵˵žǸ˽ΪǵŮˣôΪһºأ
ԣͺá
ƹҲûжϽ뿪ɳǣǸ˹·ȥˮȡ
ƹȴʮΪһߣôߵľƱûԴ֮·ľ£ӦʹԼȥˮǣԸṩƸʱſĵķŹ뿪ˣ˹ס޵Ԫʯ˲ٵĶ
͹Ⱥ˸ߣ¼ҵ˾ˡ
ƹ˵Цɣ¼ҵ˿Žƹ񣬡Ҽүôˣ

70 

ƹЦ⻰˵һ
ҲǳģֺαڲԼأ
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һֵˣҲʱˣҼǵүҲǹ͵޳׷ˡ
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ʵ¼ҵҲܲ߰˷ֵֻ࣬ʼղǷڽҵģʹº̫ǸȴҲ˵ʲô
ϵĶѾˣ˵׼ϵľҲ±޸
ƹñºˣ͹ʺϽύ
ϾºΪСС˵δôĻʲôأ
ߣ֪ӽƹʲʲôת뿪˿ջ
ȼһߣŲߵƹߣ̾һƹģǵ¼ҵˡ
˾͵ˣǱͬ⡣ƹֿһ¥ϣѹ֪ЩǴ󲿷ѾƵ˭𣿡
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ƹһЦ¹ԺĵԺԺ
˳һȻǽϣѹΪ͹˼ҵС¼أ
ֻеһԭ򡣡ƹһҪ¼˲ص
Ҫǽƹȴûн
ùǵõһοʱϴŵĻһöͨĿռ̶ָ߰գ»һöûв´ĻöָǧеԪʯˡ
ЩɻСﵽô׬Ԫʯ˵
۹ô׬ԪʯʵûʲôϵֻҪߵľƾͺá
ʱĹѹ֪ڿջ顣
ֻ֪ӦЩ뿪ɳǣΪ󻱴飬û׼ʳڵˣ͡ƹǵ֪һȷе࣬žŮˣǸĽɫܴĹ޵ߡʦߣɼΪж
Ĺ£ǰŰɡ
žѾȥˣԼʹ֪Ҳûʲôáѩڵ֪žȥϢʱҲͻȻİ
һֱƷԼžﱰ޳ܡ֮ء
ɵ֪žȥѩȴֲ˵ˣ¶˱˵顣
ǼĴڹڵıĸܵ
ڳʱѩһöռָ˵Ǹļ
²⣬öռָѩ׼øžģϧžﲻˣѩŽ˹
Ҳûпռָ֮ǰ͸öתĽԨ޴
ܵ¹ԺѧϰˣҪôǸҪôбµġÿռָĽԨ޴ҲŶһЩҩͷ׭ĽԨ޴
Ͼ¹ԺȻѧǶֻŹȴսġ
һβĳ˵սôⱲ޵綼̧ͷˡ
ĽԨ޴壬ڹǰҲʮֵĹɣǹȴǸִֵġԹ֪ĽԨ޴ʹ֪ձս䣬Ҳܡ
ǷδȻ
һΰʳ͵ҩһ֮󣬳׵ĻǷƹԪʯﻹʮöеԪʯȥˮֻСһˡ
ȷߵĺܿ죬Ϊлʳ˵ɳǡ
ҹЩ˱ɳǣʼŲÿϵĶ
޵ϵıǶԣԼĶһʼҺܲϣϾ˭ҲԸñ֪Լˣǻ߹ԼʹҪǰ߹ߵλԪӤϣҲֻ
Ǻ¹ԺĳϺԺΣ۳ˡ
ûҵѩ𡣡һߵ߹ߣŵڴ󻱴壬ȷѩϢ
žֻ𣿡߹Լʮ߰꣬һʮֵ㣬ǲ˵Ѿ޺𣿡
֪ҲȷǹʦȷžңĻҲˡ
߹̾һżҵ
¼űɱʱ򣬻©֮㡣
пܡ߻ش𣬡Ҫ߹ʦ𣿡
ôߣûء߹ƺܲϲʦֱӰ֣ˣ֮ǰҲˣ˭֪󻱴ƵطȻѩأ
飬̽
߹˵ֶߵ˵һӣҪ֪ѩûôո˺صˡ
Ȼ߹صĹʱ͹ˮ档

71 

ǰҲδ޵ʲôӡ
ʱ
ˮǺڸܵˣ޵ķٺ͸ԣ
ɳȻҲڹУˮǣֱࡣ
ˮڵʮֵĳԣһ޴Ĵ󷨣ֱͨʳڡҪ֪Ĵ󷨣ҪάÿնôúķѲٵԪʯ
ˮǵĳƺѹںЩĿ󷨡޵ֻҪһöϵԪʯֱǰʳǡһƴֵģ
ˮʵ̫࣬˶ǳ¹ԺģԳڵĿջڱ״̬
û뵽ԼǰµˮǣȴסĵطûС
ߵõƹϢֱʰһСԺӸסǺĵĺ͹ˮǵľƺЩضεˡ
ΪеĹǰæԹ˼طһСӡ
Ӳ󣬺һĺԺԺﻹһʯƺϲľɫȻסǵ޵ߺ٣ǱȲ϶ǵ˶࣬ԺһļķΪ˰ȫն
ԺӵûİöеԪʯΪǵʦеĹԹֻȸʮöеԪʯ
һжʰú󣬹ԼռָյľɫһʱҲЩ
ԴһֱǷԪʯҪĶûԪʯˡǰûΪӷҲʼ𽥵ΪԪʯ
ԼԺӺ󣬹ϱ㿪ʼ½ҹһЩҩһЩʳʼȥз
еĹǶڹĵϲ׹ȱԪʯ󣬱˵ǱвٵͣСȥ
СҪµĵʵڶҲҵԱڶ࣬вҵˣеʱҲһЩö
С㣬ڶǱȴҪ˭ţΪƷ̫ˡ
ͷлµġ
СˡµЦЦƹԸˣҪǺúչС㣬ĲԵĵطСһҪ˵
ҲЦá
żȻҪӣôĵҩһҪ෱࣬ΪƵĵҩȼߣȡʤҹĽԨ޴һȥ˶ǣ͹Ķ׼վͿš
ˮǺֻܴССĶǣ򻱳ǴϺܶࡣ
еĹ˵ǵ治٣Сﻹ˰ŵ̯ͣŹ˵һ䣬СɫǼҵ࣬ıƳɵģļ⻬񡣡
С㿴Ǽҵɴ£·Ͽ󷨣ܵٵĹҺСԵҸô
˦˦ˣСŮˣЩӶûа취ֻݺծͨͨͼ˦ֻǵӶǷӶ𡭡
ĽԨ޴ȻǺĶĿȴһֱڹϣһ·ĺһ
ڶǹ˺ܾãҵ˶ǵ͸
͸һ߲㣬ݵʮָߴΧ˺ü
ϼص෱࣬Ϊ͵˶ģԴʵ⣬ۻҡ
ʣϲŮ޵߲ϲңҸô죿
е޵߿ĵ⣬ֱдһ䣺ô죿ѡ
ĽԨ޴ĿҲЩϴתڿشʱҲ̲סЦ
ÿ޵ﷳյ鶼һܶС⣬ʵʻΪѹǵһݣħһĴڣҲܽ
ǰ޵ûʲô飬Ψ档˭Ҳ׵İĵʹԼϤˣҪЩ⣬ֻ﷢ѯʣϣ֪𰸡
ÿµͽҲһֻҪܻشĴ𰸣ôЩ͵Ľ㶼شӵС
һȦ󣬲͸˷ԱߵıʺֽʼشһЩܽ⡣
ĽԨ޴ڻش⣬Ŀȴ΢΢˸
˵ߵϢͨôǲҲʳɱĸ˭
شʱش󣬲ŷĽԨ޴顣
Ҫͣȥɡ룬ͽеԪʯ
ĽԨ޴ȵĿŹС㣬ҡ
û¡֪ĽԨ޴ڵԪʯ⣬ҷŻشһЩ⣬õ֣ҵڹҶ鲻Ķôڹδز鲻
Ԫʯ࣬еԪʯٲ鲻Ǿͼӡ
ƲĶܲ鵽һЩ˿ģ

72 

ʹĽԨ޴ٲ޵ļ࣬Ҳ֪öеԪʯǶһʲƸˡ
δɹܲ׬Ԫʯȵ͵Ľ
ɭɱʹʮ׬ôԪʯ
ң˳弶ҲΪ˹ĵҩʳԵʣǹӹ˼ҳǸг޵ɵӡ
ˡֵҪģһֱӰЩ𽥳ΪħӰġ
ɱ弶ģʱٻԪʯˡ
ĽԨ޴һ˵ùԼҲûԥˣлС㣬Ҷסˡ
ҲҪǳƺΪС㣬ͻҹɡ˵ϾǶҪ¹Ժ꣬ôأ
ĽԨ޴εЩʧˣŹվڵƻ£һտƾɫһʱ֪λش
ôĽԨ޴شΪԸ⣬ֵ㲻ԸҲǿ
ǣˡͷлл㡣
ĽԨ޴̫ڿǺԼ˵ллյ¹ԺָĽԨ޴Լ赲һЩҪ鷳
֪ˣ˾ͻһˡ
ĽԨ޴дͺת׼뿪ȴ˺֡
ں𣿡
üͷ̧۱㿴վµԬδ
ˮǵĶʮֵ֣ﲻԬδվ£ʮֵ忡ϧߵĹһĿŹĿⲻơ
û뵽㡣ԬδЦʮᣬǰŹ˵ǰЩ˵㻹ɳǣǽոյˮ𣿡
Ϊӽ¹ԺѧӣĿջסˣҵطס𣿡
Ԭδûеȹشֽ˵Һ͵ˮǣǰձ㶨һԺӣûеطȥȥǱ߽ס
ʮֵĲˣȴûг
ΪƵĿ˹ϣûĻһöʦЩţôܳΪʦѵǹˣֻǹͨ˵ʦĹ£
ʵϹҲôףôʦ߽ˡ
ҪΪƻ˹ʯǺĸ׵һζ˵ػ㶯ִ
ĸʮֵߣȥ򻱳ǾȻʲôûã㻹ôԪʯһˣҪҵŮھһ㡣
ˣ˵ȢңҸףǵľϵһΪĵʦΪԼ⣬ľҶѾΪĵʦˣһҪٹһЩӣ츳̤ļʦľġ
㵽ʱһļʦŮĽԶӶˣ
㻹ҷңųԲۣŹ˵ľҶ㲻Լ𣿡
ҡֲǵľϵƼˣҲصĿ
ųҲ֪µ˵ʲô޼ˣҿԴӦԬδȥ¹Ժ㶨ףȻһ̸
ȥˮǺұ˼ˣҪסҪٺ͹ʲôͻҪʯǰ¡
ǡųҲ˵ȥˣת뿪ˡ
ôҲû뵽۰Լĸף˵ػ
ҹƵĸˣ˵˺͹ųһĻǧùƲҪ͹ìܣҪһҪԬδ
ȻԸ⣬ǿǿĴӦˡ
Ԭδְֳο˹ƣʹĹԬδοĻ𽥵ĺת
ΪԬδ˹ųķԸ͹ƶ£֮ųûм˵ʲô
ЩһֱϣĽԨ޴·ϣҪ˳ĵˮǡôҲû뵽ֹˮǣΪ˶ĵʦ
Լϵĵʦ̲סȥ
С㡣ҲЦģĹɣʱЦ޺֮ǰҺᣬҺǸ
ΪǸҪʲôҩ㾡ҺͶ磬ǻ۵ġ
˵ҪӶԬδˣҺͶѾˣ¹ԺǱסԣһҵģҲҵģ
˵𣿶磿̧ۿһԬδȫŨŨİ⡣
ԬδЦŵͷš
ʲôҪǰæĵطǾˡԬδҲע⵽˹ĽԨ޴ϵĿռָһе㡣
ԬδȻЦţȴĲá
ֱԹһ䣬ظ֪ܣ

73 ź

ʵԬδ񲢲͹ƶף֪ԼˮǺضһŮޡ
Ϊ˰ŭĹųòЭ
Ƶòǿֻܿ㣬֮Ҳ
ǰĹΪΪ˶ʦ˫Ҳ¶˲һʣԵ鶯ˡ
ڻСٹ꣬ǻӵĶĿ
ŮޣֻҪ͹վһ𣬱ûɫʧеĹʡ
Ԭδţȹ󣬱˺͹Ƶ£ʱȢȥù򻱳ǣܼ߶
ڵĹô̶һЩӾųĹʣŹȥ߶ʱҲȴŹƳȥӡ
ǵôǰĹ˳ӣһֻСèһȻϲȴʮֵİԵС׼ͱŮ޶˵ϼ仰Ȼڳ֡
ŮˣΪ׸
ȻԬδһжˣȴû뵽ΪˡȻ֮ǰԼõĿռָ͸ĽԨ޴
ǸòıĲ֮Ҳӵпռָ
Ԭδץס֣һЩҪʲô¡
ѾҵסĵطͲȥˡѹ˶ֵλûб飬ôȸˣһЩҪ졣
ҲûԬδ͹ƣֱĽԨ޴뿪ˡ
Ԭδ׷ȥڣת۾ͱקס֡
Ԭδ㻹ʲôƼԬδԹ˵ʱһЦ⣬ȻЩˣǲǶСӻ
ԬδﱾлԹƵĻЩͷδȡֵˣƣȥˣ
ǳͳ˶˵ʲôųҪ£½ʦ͹ȴûаã˻㣡
ڰ㣬ܽôһҲͲ˵Ĳˣ
ЩɻĿԬδЩ𣿡
Ȼģ档ԬδʹԹƲﻹʮֵᣬµĴ磬ô㣬ôԸ⿴㱻𷣣
ҵõģôͲأ
Ԭδ˵Ҳ¶ֱˣƣʲôΪ룬㡭ȴԸңѵʼǸ𣿡
ǣǵģƿǰ忡һʹӣͽˣôᵱ˰磬Ȼǻûгף͵ҵɷˣⱲӶ뿪㡣
㣬ģ
ԬδŹƣǸģģôҺ͹ĽԨ޴Ҳң
ҡôԸ⿴Ԭδ͹˵ԬδǸӺȴʮֵܣ㣡
ԬδЦ㲻Ҫƭң֪ģϲƭˡ
ͷģ
ԬδõĴ𰸺ָ̧һ¹ƵƣֻҪǵãʲô鶼ΪãΪǵաΪҲ㵱ҵӰ
仰ۿʱͺˡ
ȻԬδ񻳱ĹƣȴûпͷԬδһмЦ
ͬʱѾĽԨ޴ڶ˲ٵĶ׼ȥˡ
ҡĽԨ޴ЩµģǰǾ仰˵ˣԬδԶһЩܾġ
ţҲˣǲĽԨ޴ĻԬδʲôʱ򰲹أ
ҲǸӴģŹƵ滹
˵ţ̧ڣ¶źƼ𣿡
ĽԨ޴Բۣģ
ţóֱ˸յź
㲻𣿡ĽԨ޴ֱźʡ
ЦҲÿ֪дʲôסȻԼĳط棬һ¹ȥ顣
Ȼûв´ԬδȷԼ˹պ¥һʳ
¥Ѧ˿ľ¥ʳ෱࣬޷ùʳʲôӵġ֪ߵغ
ȻôҲû뵽ֱź
ҲȥģȥѾȥˣѾˣú־롣룬˵ʹףҲҪ־롣
ĽԨ޴ϲ˵Ԭδ飬ɽԼʹЩˣҲվûٽʲô
˵Ҳ̸
գ͹ӣڿˡ
ΪոտţѹûԸҲûʲô⡣
Ҳţпգֱڷ׭顣
ЩԥŻ˵νѧ಻㵱Ҫѧϰ׭𣿡

74 

Ը⴫ڷ׭ʵ޵磬һֱǣѧ಻ѧ
Ŷ֪һЩרһѧϰĳһû׼ջиĳɾ͡
ãѾǶĵʦһԶ󷨣е˼ѧϰϣȫûбҪѧϰνķ׭
ΪĹԭҲʶԸ߼ʦ÷׭󷨣Ȳ
ĹǿԼ׭ʵҲΪܾ常һЩԭ
ٲҲǸʦȴֻһòֵ׭ʦ
ֻ֪һЩҲ֪ڵʲôһֱ̤벻ʦľ磬ԲʱѧϰһµĶǲעû׼вջ񡣡
ңǻ׭ĻҪѸٵĴͺͷҲһϡ
ЦʦֻȴûһԼֶΣҲǲеġ
ʵʦߣвӵˣЩ˻ᱣõʦǣھҲ俿ˣ翿Լͬ뷨
˵Ҳǡûж룬óһֽڹǰͳһѪ˵׭ЯǷ׭Ҳвõĵطһķ׭ֵֻܵһι㣬ôҪķ׭
Щ׭ҪڵӹǱ˭Ӳʡ
ʼ͹˵׭飬һĽԨ޴Ҳ
ӣûдš
סº󣬱ŵ½̫̫½̫̫԰һЩ
Ϊ¿ŵģҵضҲȽƫƧӵĺԽļգѹҲûʲô⡣
ż˽ҲƼ۾뿪ˡ
ᰵǲģʹǰһڼһЩݲݡ
һľرϷʽЩľ̺һЩȻЩ͹еʵ̫ϡˣһܱʲôûеĺá
¹ԺԺԽԽʱ򣬹ƫƧӣһЩС⣬Ȼ࣬ǿάЩ׭ѪĻѡ
ʵ˽º͹˵ʮ־ȹѧϰǹĿֻһ£׵ĺ͸˵ǰȥ±ܳΪһ׭ʦ
ᰵЩĻüͷ㲻ΪϲЩڲƭҰ
εҡͷҺô꣬㻹֪ǸʲôӵôЩڲƭأ
룬ӣȷûбҪġ
ʲôƵģٹ㻳ʱһֱƲ֣ĵҩҲãֻżһЩ
ԣݵƴСèһ
˶ΪˣٹҲ˵ܰȵĳѾ챣ˣջôȥ֡
˵ţҲԴһЩŭԬҲҪ˵Ҫϲʲôģ˵Ԭδ׺û׼ܰȵĹһˡ
ųٹʱҲ֪ôģԬ˵Ļ󣬾Ȼͬ£ǲ˲ٶԬˣΪҲ¹زĻ
ڹҲܺðȰᰣ뿪ԬδδزǺ¡
ᰵͷ˵Ķԣ
֪֣ǳٹȡģ
ǵʱųٹ˵־ͽУ
л죡
֪Լ׭ҲۣĽԨ޴ȥǡ
ĽԨ޴µ࣬ͷųȥҲûһ˻شĳǹش˲⣬׬˽ǧеԪʯ룬ĽԨ޴Щȡ
׬Ԫʯ˲ٵͼĵ飬һЩڷ׭ļ¼
Ȼֵط׬Ԫʯٶȿ죬Ԫʯٶȸ죬߰˰ҲûʲôԪʯǸĵβ
һж׼˺󣬹᰿ŹµĵҩùĽԨ޴ĵȥ¹Ժúչ˵ġ
ȻҲڿѧǰյҹһ˴һۣĽ
Źᰣѹﶼʲôҩ
ߵҩܶࡣᰵǲ˵װĵĺ˽ĵҩ˵ĵҩȻƷײߣǵҩ࣬ȴǺܶġ
Ǹƺǲ⣬ûҵʺԼĵҩ
ЩԥʣҪʲôĵҩأ˵˵û׼
ҪԪǸ˵ЩҲЩ΢ЦǵʦԸҩ۸涼ǿԺúġ

75 Ԫ

˵Ļɫʱͺˡ
ƺҲʶԼ˵ʲôֵҩȴǰǸŮ޵ߡ
εЦЦȥʵʦ
˵꣬ҲܵĻᣬĶӡ
˴æ뿪ʱ򣬹᰿ϵĿռָûĻöռָǸ߼ģҪϵԪʯܹĶ
ԥһᣬź͹˵˵顣
Ҳ˺͹ᰶ˵ĲԪֶʵֻҪĵʦơ
ǲԪûʲôʦԸȥԭǣʦǻԼ
ΪԪֳлǵ˫޵ʱ˵ĵҩ
ٵʦԼȾ㳾Ǹ߸ϵġ
ֵҩǳԼУǻЦԣ޵ĵҩѡ
ȻҲԪǼ£¸ĸˡ
Ҳǳײײҵ˹ĵҩӡ
ΪӵֽСԪӻ̡
ȡ֡
˵ұ˵Ӧڵ˻ġʲô֪շ飬Ҳ֪ôشˣҡ
ĸЦ˵˼Ȼ˵۸飬ôŵ⣬Ϊʲôأ
ᰴ㵣Щ˵Ůްã
ǣҲ֪Ƶĵҩͣǿ˵Ƶġ
ᰳĬƬ̣Ҳ֪Լùû취һ¶˾ĵ飬˭û취Ťת뷨
ɹƵıϾǲԪ˵ȥʵǲá
˿⣬ϻʵ۵ߵʱûټϻʵҿԻָʱڵľҩ
ټǰڶصбЩ˹ڲԪļ¼ҪƲԪʵѡ
ѩѾʽĽʦȴûмȥʦῼˣΪһΪʦ󣬱˲ٵʱ뱻˶ע⡣
óռָݣںǰҩĵƳһֺ˲һĲԪ
ֵҩҪҩЧãҪ޵ûʲô˺ҵڶþƣ
˺ܾãŻĶ֡
ѩ𣬺ܶǰҳƵĵҩ񶼿Զˡ
ֻǣѩҲյʱôʵÿ͵ŵҩԼ¡
ʵڲףһΪʲôҪõҩ
յĲԪѩ𣬡յĵҩǲԪû£ˣԼڿɱû㡣
ѩһĻһȻƲԪ
Ϊʲôأ׬ԪʯĵҩǺõҩʵڲЩ˵뷨ĵҩΪʲôƳˣҲ츣ˡ
Ķܿ죬ֻʱֱ¯ĲԪÿһ¯öһ¯ﻹöƷĲԪ
ʱ򣬹װ˲ԪĴƿ߹ᰣĸⵤҩöеԪʯ㲻̸ˡöƷģʮöеԪʯ
ᰳһĳȥ𣿡
ܵģ˵֮󣬱֪ǸǸڴˣֻǰνӣ׳ЩԪʶ˺ۣ˲²˭
ǲȱԪʯȱǲԪ
ȻֻĲԪļ۸񣬵ڹ˵۸Ҳֻõͷ֪ˣ
ҹΪ˱˼棬ֱӶ˺Ժڣ˵֪۸˿ԥĴƿӣȷԼҪĲԪֱˬĸԪʯתִҴҵص뿪ˡ
û뵽ҩȻ˵ɡ
ϾƽҩˣҪϰʱҪۿ۸ŻݣȻóһʱ
ǰǰߵҩһӡ
ˡ˲Ԫ󣬱صԺóԪʯ¹ԺҪѧˣպã
ҡͷЩĸţ֮˻ҪԪô۸ԪùøȥӦɣ
ᰱϾǸŮޣһһóŮޣùȥվǲõġ
ȥû׼ܴһЩϢ
ϰ˹ķԸҲû˵ʲô
һЩԪ󣬱ĽԨ޴š
еˮʮֵ֣ˮ¹Ժһѧֵվ޵ߣǶҪ̤¹ԺĴš
Ϊŵˣȴ룬Լȴ˶档
վǰӣʱѾˣվԺſڶǰ˵룬ҵﶼ¹Ժǣӵȴ˳¹Ժ
ѷû츳ˣұᰲȥԺ
ʱվڹһŮ⻰󣬼Ҫ˳Ժǲֻۻĵط𣿡

76 ͽ

¹ԺһͬķԺֱǷ׭󷨡Ժ
ΪĹ˳ǱȥĸԺôӶ̫ù
ҵĪǱȥԺ
ʹڷ׭ԺѧһЩԺȴǰԺۻҪȥݺȡһЩѧ֡
ѧ֣ǲʸ̤¹ԺĲ﷭鼮
Щ¹ԺҲ˵Ժȥĺӣǽ̳ѧʵϣ˭ֲ֪ǴԺȥˣʵǸأ
һȺڴ޵ߣ˭ıȥԺ
ĽԨ޴ΪĸߴҲߵƣȺ﷢ǰǰݷ¼ҹ¡顣
վ¹ԺŮΪڹжǰμģԼǰ˵Ȼ¹ԺᷢÿԺĽźүС㣬ǶһҪдԼϢ麯ԺʦС
֪ˡһͷһ·㶼˵˺üΣôύ麯ѧԺֲСˣôִ᷸أҲͷͷİɣҺ粻µġ
üͷԶվŵһϤӰվû˵ʲô
ĿҲ𽥴ӼϣתƵط
ΪѾǿˣǵҵ߹ֵʱΧ˴㵵
߹˵ʱܹʦָ㣬Ϊеٶȱͨ޵߸졣̤¹ԺĴţȻҪΪ˵߹Ѿ߼ʱ򣬲˶һ
߹񻹲ʮ꣬Ѿ߼ˣôյǰ;ǲ߹ΪԵԵʣѡ󷨺͵ݷֱǶĵʦʦ
Щ⣬߹ڹڵĻʼԺ޵Ϊʲô¹Ժ
˵߹ĸֻһôĹŮǺ¸ѹ߹ĸѲ߹ڻﲢܴ˫󷨺͵ڻڶĹҲѳͷ
ǮϲǮϥӣ߹缺
˵ǮңٲϢͨȴҲ֪Ǯ̣ô߹ǰ;ǲҲѹֺʦԸָ߹ˡ
߹Ϊ̫ʺ¹Ժ˵뽭ﳤϵ¡
һţеĹŵӣʮֵĳɫ˵ųٹ鵱Ҳ£ϧųٹ츳ôԺֻǸĵʦ
ųٹ߹ЩƵǣųٹҲԶ󷨣ȴû߹ô㡣
ҡ̾һҲ뽭ﳤϵ£ôǱأ߹һָͷȲ
ЦЦοСαɥأ߹ȻʱĲ⣬ϾڻʳڳģŻҵѪԻҵôãǴС鵤ʳģΪǻеˣҲвٵĻӽʦǡ޵ҲǻҶеĹΪǸһЩҲȻġ
ңõĶǼƷԪʯóĶզǱȲϵġ˵ֻǣÿ˵Ǳޣ߹ǱҲֻôˡ
Ҫߵߵľ磬ЩǲеġҪĻԵп̿࡭
ͷ˼ĻҲ³Կ࣬Һ游˵ֻҪΪʹǰƤʹҲܡ
˵̫Ѫȣһüúõӣ˵ʲôƤ
ʵǿģиĸף̫ү˺ܾãҲ¹Ժ
˫¹Ժ޷˷Ԫʯ
ʹ֪˷ѼԴû˵ʲôҲû¶̫ĲϾҶĳУ޵·Żӵ˳
߰ɣȥд麯ˡԶȥüһȺ
Ͼ¹Ժֵطǿѧӣ޵߻ҪͬȥдԼϢ麯ǻᱻȡЦġ
һߺ󣬼̧ͷŲԶæµˣŹĽԨ޴Ϥ׿󣬲¶οЦݡ
ޣ
ʲôȻбı¹Ժǳׯ𣿡
ǡ
ׯϲǲչŵҼǵ޺º󣬾һֱڱչأ𣿡
֪Ҷ֪Ҳ֪
ڲǰ棬ĽԨ޴ΪȻͨͨסˡ
޵߶Աˣʮֵ֪ĽԨ޴ǱĽ޺˼
ΨйһֱվĽԨ޴ߡ

77 ݺ

ǸΪ꣬û¶κӵĿ⡣
ЦŶĽԨ޴˵ǽ޵ĻĽׯİɣֻׯںܶǰ㲻չŵˡԣѡѧԺʱһҪء
֪ˡѣĽԨ޴Ҳ˵ͷһῼǺõġ
νѧԺ޷ǾƸַͱ
ѧԺˣΪҪʮֵĸߣһҪĴʦǣǰԼ嵱ĵߣĽԨ޴ǽޣڲűʶʮֵʺ
ĽԨ޴ЩʵҲ˺ܶΣԼҪȥʲôѧԺ
ŹȻֻԶ󷨺ͷ׭չӣû׼оʱʲôӵģ˭̹ܽЩأ
ĽԨ޴ĹѧģϾĹˡɺھһӺĵ·
Ϊô飬ΪСôˣǹ½̫̫ãôô̤¹Ժڡ
ׯϵĹŵӣǴû
˵ׯһιˣó
ΪѧϰЩ߻ħΧ˷ˡҲʱʶһŮʦŮʦһĹ
ŮʦȴûһԼʮϲĵ¯ׯһֱƳһĵ¯Ůʦ
Щ꣬Ůʦ඼ڱչأ˵ٺ١
ׯżģһʦụ̂ҲҪиĵ¯һЩȻÿζɽٶںģܻܲȥ
ׯʧȥλŮʦԵΪһЩصľʯȥ޺Żˡ
ĽԨ޴ųʱһѾԺŷɳˡ
ΪԺϵŷɣֹԬδ
һֵʱ򣬻Щȡ
ֻ˵һĻˡ
ŷ϶ûչŵˣȻλ˵λǵš
ʲôôÿҾŷû׼ΪǳĺÿԲŵӵģ
¼ҵүɡʰܼ޸ôҴ޺ˡ
Ѱ㣬㻹޸¼ҵүˣֻ߹һЩҪѾĵʦˡ
Ƕ¼үԬλĺÿ𣿿Ǻͷλ˱Ҳ
СһЩ˵λֹǱһǽޣ˵ȥѧ˳ĺÿʲôãǸң޵߿Ǳ£ֲòÿԶһЩȻôĶ֪
ׯϡҲû°ɣ
ׯϵĵ£Ǹ弶ĵʦƵҩѹҵɷǸأߵŮӳĻպϣȴҲֻǸʦʦ弶ʦ˶ٵľûǸ޵𣿡
Χ׷ײĽԨ޴ѹںôԼԴӵ˹󣬱
ҪĴЩ˵Ŀ϶ǹԼĿ
ĽԨ޴ûκθı䣬Ҳ΢ķһЩĽԨ޴վ˲١
һĹƿŹȴǷ̣վڲԶҲ쳣
˵ûô˵д麯
ΪЩϣֻʮֳɫˣǡǡ
ǰƻԼǸĵʦǸ飬ɵ˹һĵʦĲ١
ҪǣΪ͵ǿŲٵҩݹģͨĶʦŲٵľ롣ЩϣȻҲܿһ㡣
ҲʱȺֵ
ͨΪĲԣǿԱ䵽ԺѧϰģΪʲôȥԺĽԨ޴󣬵ȴ˼ɣµ麯ôûأ
վĽԨ޴ǰǸԺĹʣüͷ˵ô֪û֣յ麯ȷûļ¼ԱԺյݹȥź
ƺһûŵѧӾȻԼߵԺӵĹǰӹ麯ּѵλСԹ򻱳ǵĹǸʦ
δʮǶĵʦյǰ;Ȼôõǰ;ѡԺĽԨ޴ЩȥԺģ
£ԺĹЩˣĽԨ޴˵ô˵ģʲôзõǰ;ԺԺôˣҪԺҪпأΪ˭ԵԺ𣿡
ЦһмĽ˵ǽŵ˵ĺˣٵݽ麯һĴ
ҪôλСȥͨԺĿˣΪ¹ԺѧӣҪôͻطѧɣ

78 Ժ

PSлikunizhuzhu״͵100ңΪӸһ£

ֻ룬еԵʡ
Ҫ¹Ժѧϰ
ĽԨ޴ȥĽԨ޴ֹʧȥ¹ԺĻᣬԺҲȥˡ
Ϊ¹ԺȱıʲôźͽӣЩǿߵֶʦϡ
¹ԺУԶĶϡ
ĽԨ޴ǰǣסĽԨ޴֣ݸһЦ㿴ˡ
û˵Լ麯ǽԺģǴ˻⣬ŸԺ˵ڹʱ¹ԺĴǽ˳ĳΪԺѧӣȻҵҡңԺҶϣܱ֮ȣҾ塣
Ǳ˵仰˲Ϊ˵⻰ʵڳЦҶܡ
ɹ˵УĽҶһһ
ҶȲٵ޵߶
ǵ޵ߣҲ̤ԪӤ磬ǺΪؾȾ˺Ϊһֱͣڽ𵤳ڡʹֻǸ𵤳ڵ޵ߣȴټ¹Ժ˭ҲȲ˵ġ
ȻҲΪ󣬶ͷЩ򵥣ԲȥԺ˳϶ԺԺ
𣿡ǡøԺĹ£ҲҶʮֵĳݣ˹ĻЦ˵СѾͷ۹ⲻôķϣôҸ㣬һĵԺ˳ͨԺĲԣһҶһ档
ܲҶϵĹŵӣߵÿ컯ˡ
˵𾢣ҲʱʱһЦ
ΪĽԨ޴ɵξ棬ʱȴΪվ˳ⳡҲ׵Ļˡ
µĻҪǶ޲קϹһȾƣҶܵ£˵ҹ
˼С㻹麯ߵߣ˵Ϊ游ҪùСĽԨ޴һ¹ԺˣתۼͺԺĳˡ
ûĻ͹ĵĺܾ˵Ժϣǽɭɡ
üͷҲĻ
¼үӵıܣЩ¼үһֱҲүӰȥġ
ʵ˵ҲĴŹŹĽԨ޴Ƕ֮ˮǿ˸ӣ鳹׵ļŭүӡ
ˮǿӣҲüٵеԪʯһ׵ĶѵôԪʯأүӻɣǲ֪󻱴ܣ˺˲ٵԪʯ
ѩıֹǻʼҪõүȻҲҪõ
ʵ֪֪ѩĴڣ뿪ˣүӿ˳Բ˸ڶѡϾүӵڴ󻱴壬ǵˮ¼ҵ˵ͷ̫治ˡ
Ŀûֳ͸׵ļһӦøѵ
񿪵ĵĵҩ඼ǶµĵҩòҲ֪ǳԹ֡
ôֻйˮǻ첻ȥˣŻ֪ˡ
ү˺ܾú󣬲ôһӸϹ뿪ˮǡ
ĽСΪʦȻܲǹȥԺַֹ裬ҲŲ̫á
֪ȴЦ˵ԺֻŮ޵ߡ
һǵȥ㽭ɭ¬ϣһ¹ԺԺˡ¬ͽɭ˶ԹѾĻ˵ԺԺˣѾȥˡ
ʵԺֶǱһȥԺŮ޵ߣûһкý
Լʹͨ˲ԺҲܲҡ
ĿҲ̫ڶǳˣ֪ѩ޹ϵϾַﻹºЦºô˸ԼõأʲôİϷŪһöû¡
һСǶҪ鷳ԸԽԽȥˡˣС飬Ҫ鷳ң
Һô¹ԺԺĹµģпչʲôè
ǵʱļ黹ʣû뵽ֹҪȥԺˣһýɭء
鵹ǲʻ첻飬Ͼ˵ʹԺҲֲ˶áڹǸı޵ߣǲ÷ˡ
ʱ߹ѾȺ˳ߵ˺˵˷ŵĶҡ
ʲôϡģʹ¹ԺҲʲôɾĵط߶꣬ѵ֪طʵ˵𣿡߹˿ⷽŵ飬ü˵Ժûг𣿡
߹ûأ̾һĿȴԶ
ԶĽԨ޴سȥĽԨ޴ڹ߱Թǹ֣̫۸ˡ

79 

ҪˡĽԨ޴΢ۿ֣οø˵׭ҪͶһֱѧϰ
ĽԨ޴ǸĵģԿ麯ԺˣΪʲôᵽԺȥǡ
޷֪ѶˣûΪʲôҪأĽԨ޴ȥԽǲ¹ԺôƫҪ롣
˶˵ԺܲȴΪ
ĽԨ޴ͣʵֹǷ׭ʱҲҪͶҪ㹻񣬲άݽߡҵһֱûиĻҲֹֻʦˡ
ңѧϰҲʲô£Ǵ򲻹ˣߡ
ң֮ǰȷ˵ҶܵĴ֪ϼʹкȴܰΪάڽ𵤳ڣǸĽɫ
ҶûʲôҰҲûʲôǻۣôôֻһԺϣԺԺأ
Ϊ¹᰺ԼԹûк˵̫ף˵Ҫ
һж㶨ˣóԼһЩ鼮ʦ壬ʵƹͺ޵̫ĲͬʮƵ˹һңùðĵ
ȹĽԨ޴Һݹ²˽췢¹Ժ顣
֮ǰ˵ŵʦŮǸ֪ҳɫˣЩ˵ģƼһƹߵĹ˵ǺĺӴ󣬲֪ǰݹ˼С㣬޷Ĩѡ
û´ĻûжðɣССͱܳΪʦһʳضһЩ

ƹЦ飬ǰﲻʲôǣҲƲЩֶΣҲŻҸ
µҲ֪еҺ裬ȥˡŲŻɻµΪȻµĶλ˼ҵСʮֵĿãǹµȴ̲ס̾һСǸʦôܿԺأҼʹȥˣôԺҲð
ԺûŮӣСȥ֮ǻԿࡣµļ˵Ժʲôõط
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ۼˡƹֻܸ̾һ䣬̫̫ɫҲ֮·ߡ
ߵĺãôձض֮ӣҲġ
Ͼѩ̿ѣǸʮּǶˣԽңҲ˶ע
µԣЦ
ˣȻǽģƹ񶼲⡣
ʱѹ֪顣
һҳϷ֣˵ǲͱ޵ǿģҳ˵ڳĹʳϰԣᵼƤ͹𽥵ķı䣬ıǿ
еΪԼĺǸã׶ڱȵĵطЩĺݵģú׹ȸʱʱı塣ȻĽǣܶСزˣҲΪʲôôȥˣ˵ûʲôԭ
˴󲿷ֶסɭնҪٲٵΣգƾǿȻҲܺͲ޴ƽ֣ɭҲԼĵ̡
޵߶ڶԴӵʱ̫ڲ̡
ǹȴ֪ʤ̭û㹻ôҲջᱻ̵޺޵ɱ
֮
Ͽ̵ֲ淨һҲ޵һųȥѧϰʼоõʳ׺ϰԡ
һҹĽԨ޴˸һСɽ濪ʼС
ĽԨ޴ʵڲΪʲô˵ĥԼϾСɽͨıѩ䣬ֺ޵ߵڡֲ֪ôܾֻҧӦ
һû˯СɽѹЩҴʱڻЯһЩһҹʵǲܡ
ǣԼ
ĽԨ޴ǰСŮӣҲ·ߡҪôǰߣҪô˺ص򻱳һĵʦҲܰȵĹһӡ
ѡǰߣʹǰ·˾
ԺĲ磬ͬʱԺſˣҲͬʱʼ
ĽԨ޴֤ԼһͨԺĿˡǹûнԺô϶¹Ժȥġ
˵Ҳµĳʲô
뿪֮ǰ˵Ȼһ¹Ժѧϰꡣ
ĽԨ޴ԣ˹ٻ뿪
Ȼ¹ԺԺѧԺͣҲ۵ĴڣμԺ˵޵ߣȴﲻҪԺĴš
Ժ˵޵ߣǴﲻӵӵܣЩ޵ֲԸҪƴһѡǵʵȷôֻѡԺ
Щ˹ԣԺˣǿ˲١
ˡɭдĲ˳ŹЦЦС㻹˼ģ

80 ɽ

ŽɭҲ¶΢ЦŽɭɵ񣬡ĺܾҶϣô᲻أ
Ҳ֪ҪԺ̫ѣᶼǰˣǲһԣվź
ЩȷǷĵġ
ʼ֮ףжôʹࡣҶܣЩǱһ޵߸ѣĺܾҶܡ
˭ܿĹʹ
Ϊ˵ϣɭҲЦҪԺģСŬˡ
ԺĿ˷Ϊ֣һǱԣڶǲǺ
һɸѡһЩʲ޿ɾҩ޵ߣڶֱѡһЩܳԿ͵޵ߡ
ڶֵĿˣ޵߾һʯʱڼ䲻Ųӣվıֱ;еĳʯڵϣڿʧܡȻ޵ǿѡһʯǾһʯ޵ߣȻǻᱻԺ¼ȡġ
һʯһԺĳǶԣҪʯ׾ٵġǰ޵ǣһȺٵĺǣǾʯְʱҲڿǵ
Եһĳʯ˴ʱ󣬸˵ĳ϶¶˴㵵顣
ʯ󣬵СĹԱЩˡ
ʱ˵С￴ģȻҲС
ɲ¬еһˡ
ɱ˵ǻЩƣ¬СҲᣬ˵ѾǶʦˡ
ʲôСѾǶʦˣúõĵʦȥԺԺʲô֣ң˵ʦӺӰ
ȷ̫ʦ˭֪ôأ˵ܾҶϣҪҶ£ԲԺģ
⡭ôǾѧ¬
˭֪أԺֲ޵ߣ˭ܾʯͨˡһˣȫԺˡ
˵ҲǣŽϺܿû׼ҶϿڽϵϣĻῼŵӣ
ΧŹһĳʯ𽥱Ƶ
ǲں˵ʲô֪޵ͨԺĵڶֿ˺󣬻㶨ˡ
ԺĵֿˣڽŰʯԼɽ
¹Ժ֮Ի¹Ժ˵ǧǰλЯԼϲ¹˴һΣ¹ϲŴ˴¹˴ϲλ˶¹ķֱ̧㽨һɽڴ˵ɽƶˣǱΪɽ
Ϊɽ޺Զ¹Ժɽ£һгһջһϳҲס޺
޺춯ô¹ԺȫʦȥƽϢҡ
ɽɽΪԣвٵҺԺÿչɽϵ԰
ѧԺȥɽɽǿߴġԺˣÿֻʯݵɽΪ޵ıǡԺĵֿˣǵϰʯǲֹҪԼɽҪʯ
ڼ䣬κһߴҲ˭͵Ъϵĳʯ˭عôʧȥ¹Ժʸ񡣡ʱĽɭʮֵ࣬ûаЦݣһɽˣԻһǧѧ֣ڶ٣١
ˣûõǰҲûϵֻҪɽ˵ˣԵõʮѧ֡ȻҲԷô㲻ٵõκѧ֡
ɭ˵üżֳ¹Ժÿ£Զ۳ÿѧʮѧ֣Ϊû׬ȡѧֵѧԱͳΪ¹ԺκηȻѧָˣôҲǰ뿪Ժˡ
𣿡ɭθɤǰվŵȺ
ʱҶͬĻش𣬡ˣ
ãɭ˵ȥɽɽµʦʦȡʯǻ̻ӡǡڳʯ϶ֽţôҲᱻֵġ
ʱʼɽһɽϵȴңϣʱɽϼˡ
ɭ˵ߵߣԹ˵û뵽ȻͨǰĿˣѾԳΪԺѧˣΪλҪֿˣ
ûҪѧ֣
Ŷɭû뵽˵̹ףĿڹϵĵʦһɨԺˣ鿴ԺĹżôԺѧԱ鿴żöһ
Ժ˲鿴ԺĹżһҪѧ֣ô͵øʮѧ֡
⻹е鷳֪ԼҪĵĹż٣뷭ЩżͱҪŬ׬ȡѧ֡
ɭЦҲ鷳ܵһɽұཱѧ֡
Ҳ֪ϲڱԽɭĻЩɻˣΪΣ

81 ֮

PSлС԰͵100ңлikunizhuzhu״͵100ңΪλӸģλƷˣǳл

ɭڹɻҲ¹ԺʵûʲôԴֻҪʵǿôʲôǶԵġ
ǸߣôʲôǴġ
ɭָӵ飬յ飬Ҳ֪һЩ
ҶϣԺҲûʲôĵطڸһᣬ֤ҿ㼴ʹǸŮޣҲԿԼΪԺɫˡ
ȻҪģʲô࣬Ϊ˵಻ҪҪʵֻҪʵôһУǶԵģ
ɭⷬƣڹԣȴ档
յĽɭͽձˡ
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罭ɭԵ¹ԺΨʵ㹻ǿôǶԵġ
ʵʵȹǿʲôǶԵġ
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ڽɭ뿪󣬹ȥɽɽ¡վӣи˺ߡ
һ۲ԶվһλԺľȴЩݵ꣬ɫް
֪һ壬ȴǰˡ
ԹɫܲãҴҵظ˳ʯʩ˾󣬱ùϽ뿪
ֻһʯԡ
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ÿһߵļѣҪɽ췽ҹ̷ˡ
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ûв´Ļ鲢νĳʯ׹Ԩʯ
׹ԨʯͳʯʮֵƣΨһǵģϸСĻơ׹Ԩʯǳʯ׹ԨʯݹѺ޵õʯͷΪԺٻ׼Щ׹Ԩʯ
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ҲԺӸĵطʺ㣬
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ǡһ޵ĸˡ
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һ㵣С滨ҽ޵ߣʶǣ
ɽ֪˭ˡûа㿴˵ٸһЩ˵ĵҩ
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ܵģɫҲ̫ãʵҲоԼĽƺѾ۵󣬵ǻǿЦЦֻҪԣԡ
˵꣬Ҳûͣת㳯ɽȥ
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һ·ϼҪߵεʱ֪ԼѾˡ
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ʱɽϾĵģԶͤƺżˡ
Ϊˡͤ˳Źһʧ㻹ĲʺԺ
ȻһɽˣȴҲǰ֮ˡ

82 Ǹǻ

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ʹʱѾҹɽɽϵƣȴ겻ġ
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Ϊռǲãλδ׵ĳűŮΪСŰƴСѾѪɫ˪ѩ˫һĨ̺죬Ϊ죬ŸΪ˼ѣҧѪ
ͷɫĳǴˮ̳һ¶ĲճһЩ˿
ĹǸ޵ߣһǱͨˡ
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Ҷܺͽɭʶ꣬Ҳ֪ɭƢ˵һǰСЩ㿪˵ãû취
Сй𣿡Ҷ˵ĸӮһ̳ơԣԸΪͽǷԸ£
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Ҷɵۣ֪ѧ֣ͻ˵ҩ˰
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Ҷܵкÿ¶ҪõҩҩԡǿѹһЩʹңҶǸӹֱˣҲ֪˽º͵Ժϵѹûʲôѧ֡
ɭȴǺԺ˴ӹͿԺˣԼʹҶܵͷȥֺЩʦҲδܵõʲôô
ǺҶ㲻õԼᱻƣʲôдϣʮֵĺò¡
ҪΪͽܣѧֶ᲻ö𣿡ɭЩȡ֣ʮֵأ
Ҷýɭ޿κΣֻܶԹ˵ΪʦŲһѧָ㣡
¹ԺҪЦɽɭ֪һѧҶŲˡ
Ҳʱ򣬹һҶϣ㷽Ż˵СǶСѹô꣬һֱ
һ̣֪˻֣ԷҶô˵ûпڴӦ
Ȼתͷ㿴λſ޿ꡪ
ʱзǱӣ΢΢һϣüĿ¶飬Ҫ뷨
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꿴ǰŮݸһЦҷͬ˵ҽҲûƭ㡣ֵ
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ûҾԺԺաβ೤ҵͽܰɣҸǧѧ֣Խ

83 ͽ

꣬ʧȵӡ
ڴʱףΪʲôɭ˵ѧ֣ΪɭҶ˶Լ
ʵûǱģɭѹĵġ
뵽һЦ
ʵĹһֻϲضˡ
ΪޣΪĸоʵ̫ˡ
֪廹ʱ򣬱ѾԼԿķӡ
üıʵֻҪܴﵽյĿıá
֪ϵĲʲôʯ׹Ԩʯ
Щӻ켣ˮǵĶУҲǱԱӣӶ¹ԺĲĻϢ
¹ԺԺԺͳϲʲô΢֪һЩʵЩˣ͵취ǰԱŪǵϲãǳҪ
¹ԺԺԺ۵ĴڣԺѧǸѧԺĴֻǵõѧȴ١
ǣԺԺ˵ǸţڶʮʱΪΪפյĵҩԿʮֵ١˽˵¹ԺԺ㵽յǺ֪ΪʲôտʼƣЩģһЩƵ飬Ӷʧȥ˾ѡԺʸ
ȻյΪǹ죬ȴʵǿôȥˣԺԺλϣûܺ֡
ֻմӲʲôŵӣԼԸ⣬ǵԺ޵ߣûʲô˼աʹգҲѹϲΪԺ¶ǽɭڸռô֡
ΪճȾƵԵʣϼʹɲһɵľ㡣
óʳĹӸղϸСĶϣ²ضԺĳϻա
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յǲ֪ʲôǼ˵ɭ֪Ϊʲôᵽɽô𣿡
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հѷ;з˵һ󣬽ɭҶܵɫЩÿǵǾùжôĿǾƽ־ˣʱ˵ֱǡԺ档
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䣬ȴˡ
յݣһת۱ӹӹ̳Ӿƴ򿪡
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ֱ̧һڣЦ˵һ䣬þƣ
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ɭǰȥҪôյĶ֡
չЦŹ˵ҽӹǵʱҾŵоƵζȻ
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⻰˵ģȻΪӴӣ˶ԼʱΨңҾǿ֮ģף޵ʵܶʱʲôƷʡյõԼҪĶҪҴҵ뿪ֶҶ˵⺢Ӿڰࡣ
˵꣬һתۣʧǵǰ
ҶЩˣһֱ֪ȾƣýɭЩȻȤȴԣǰľƣô£
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84 

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Ժаµʱȥϲ֮ҪѧԺѧҵˡң֮ѧԺûеõϺʦ׿ϣǲ뿪ˮǵġɭóһöԺľƣݸ֤Ժӵƣѧ֮Я
㵽Ҫȥʲô࣬Ժ˵Ĳ㣬õšСı㲻㲢ʺࡣ
ϾʵʴԺСǽɭǹ˸ա
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Щ˵Ժ޵߶ǵӣŮҲΪŮޣ͸رĴ
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˼ᰲ˵Ϊ֮ǰļ۸̫ˣ˵һöͨĲԪԸʮöеԪʯǼƷĲԪҳʮö

85 ҩЧ

Ҳ˵żΪ۵СĲԪҩЧʵ̫ˡ
Ԫֶ˵Ҳ˵ģò޿ӦԼĵ¡ǣΪޣ˭ԸԼأϵ⡣ԼʹֵҩҲ͵͵ġ
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Ǹ˲С¶ϵƣҲ²ҵˣҵˣôܶ鶼ðˡҴү¹ԺԺԺ̫үԪӤڵĳϣһ̤ڣΪڵˡˮǵĳҪ˼ֱ棬ڵ£˵Ĺϵ
ҪԪʯǷɡ
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ҪԪʯʱүˣķȻҪ׵ġ

86 Ժ

ʵ˵˵ʱ򣬹΢˼һ³үˡ
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үȻģǶӦԸĵ˵еĲôȥˣʹѾ˼ʮңȴûһλҪ뿪
˵үʱҲ΢Щ𾪡
̽˵ģҪӼ𣿡
ӡȻϲԪʯԪֶʵôߵļ۸үļ۸ѾǺܲˣһȥԺ֮ǰ׼Щҩġ
£ɵˣĵҩҪ׼һö㡭㲻ΪҪ׬Ԫʯͺ
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᰼ִţҲ˵ʲôձЩԪʯȥ˲ٲ
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Ȼ˵ԪŵҩڰƳһöԪ̫ˡ
ʹĵƲԪǰƳʮöѾǼˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôͶȡɵַöʣܺ棬ȴûпѯʡ
Ϊȥ¹Ժ󣬹ᰰлȥ̽Թ׼˺ܶණùĽԨ޴ֱӴȥԺڡ
͹ᰣǻ¼ҵҹҪ¼ʲôͻḺ¼ҵġ
˿ûлɹĻ֪ӿģ˵ڵĻȴԳС
ȥһнƹٵʳ󣬲źĽԨ޴һȥ¹Ժ
ȵԺڣ޿ŹЩ졣
һλԳƽԪߵǰЦЦǸԺСʦðɣʦֽԪ˽ϵķԸȥ˰ѧϰ
šһЦ˵ͷʦˡ
Ԫ꣬ȴûԲһЩμҪҪΪĸߣԴʱվߣʮֵĽС
ʦòʣΪʲôᱻȥ˰𣿡Ԫû뵽ѹûԼҪ顣
ʵɭǴùȥģѧӶҶԴģôҲҶܵĳӡ
ҶܴӹǿŮģʹ¬ʮֵ㣬ȴҲûиıҶܶĹ۵㡣Ҳ£಻ٵ޵ߣŮ޶ʮֲƣЩŮޡ
ټϣЩԺһֱԺ˿ԶԵʦҲ˲ٵԹԡ
ŮޣǵʦһȥԺȴԺĶʦǹȥ࣬ⱻЩȡЦֵĻ˵͸úúõڼﵱ޵ܳͷ¶ȵȡ
쳤ڱ˵ϣɭʹסǣҲΪ
Ϊ޵磬ʵˣôͻñ˼̤
˵Ҷϴǵذ࣬˰ĳʹˣԺ˰շԪЦЦ˵ʵ˰ʺСʦ㡣
ǲںԼֵĸ࣬ΪҲ֪ʦֻţȫÿԼ
ľƹ˵ÿһ仰̫档
ֹ֪㣬ɭҲ֪յУԸûйµ飬ȫ鲻ڡ
Ժн껹һЩɭ߸ϵĳϣȻæĲɿýԪչ˹Ѿǳ̳ӾƵˡ
ϰԼԼԹѹûʲôԵĵط
ԪٿڣΪǲıֵ˰ֻܸ࣬Ͻת˻⣬ʵҲδغãҶ˵Ƣ̫ˡ
ҲʶԪڰοԸһҶϵƢ𣿡
ɲǣǰȻָʦ֣ʦⱲӶҪٻ¹ԺˡԪ̾һҪ֪ʦȻ˵㣬ȴǿ֮İЩûΪԺ¡

87 ȥ

PS:лikunizhuzhu״͵100ңΪӸ½ڣǳлף

ʶȤԽԪֱӺ͹˵ʦֵ顣
ʦԭţżүµѪżҴءΪţϾĺӣԼʹص˱ңҲѹûżҵӡ
ţ¹ԺԺż˲𽥿ʼ׼ţʽ¹Ժҵ󣬾ţֱżҵס
ΪţżҸһλŵԵŮ޺ţס
Ҷôһţֹᱻżٴ֮ǰµ£Ҳ᳹׵ķˡ
ҶȻƢ죬ȴҲǷǲֵˡԪҲʶԼʦǲԵ飬ԺĿ˵ʦ飬Բűϳȥġ
ҶûиԺ˵ԭҲΪ鴫ȥʦֲãҶҲʴˡ
̽ŴӽԪţһЩ󣬱ȷո׹Ԩʯꡣ
ˣж񱨡
ţԼʱҲûպ
Զţˣѹͬ飬˰ʱΪΪ̫͵ԵʣֵֻһƫƧСԺӣҲܱ
ԪüͷҪͷԺӵۼ䣬ȴȰסˡ
ϲԼڷֵСԺӣΪסĵطԶʹҪĵҲᱻ˷쳣
ԪˣҲЩ޿κΣóݵľƣľϿ˸Ż˵˵ﻹûѧ֣תһѧָ㣬ϣܺúõá
Щȣһѧ֣
ţԪ͹չʾҪôתѧֺ֣͹˵˲λӣ˵ʵҪ׬ѧֻ֣ҪͺáԺԼʹ˺ܶѧҲѧԺ˵ĸߡ
ǵԺƳĵҩԻѧֵģ
ԪԺʱЩҧгݡ
Сʦ£ȴȥȥ˺ǶˡԪһŹԺȥһ·ϸǺ͹˵¹ԺÿԺռѹҪСʲôˡ
ȵõʱ򣬹Ȼ˲ٵ
ԺĸԺѧı黻˴ԼԺѧԺ϶Цݡ
ΨԺѧֹûѧԺǱʦʦӣǿһԺȡʱ򣬷ʦͻȻһ˵ŵԺ˵߹Ҫ潭ﳤ߹ȱŮԷ߹߸һ¶ʮöеԪʯ
±ЩԺѧǣв˶
Ҫõ̴ӣ̫ˡ
ֱΪԺѧ
ʹûѧ֣һöʮöеԪʯϵĴڱ
˵߹ֱӴﵽʦľ磬ԻŷϵҪ˼λʦߣ֡
ĵʦ֣߹Ƕʦ
ǻ߹ܹʦָ㣬ʦʲôЩʦϵû׼ܽʳأǿǹڰ˭ȥڰ
⵹Ҳǣ˵յԺԬδȥ߹ߣ
ʲôǶȥˣ߹ҪֵˣǸԼѡ⻹Ҫĺÿİ
˵ʲôҪʦ֣û׼Ҷ༸ʦ͵ѧ߹ǻҵĹⱲӶܴﵽʦľ硣
ΧϾԺĴԺѧǹŮʮֵĲѺãʹǻ߹ɳûҿŻķ
Ҳʱ򣬷˿ŹһЦ˵ǱԺǸʲôôõ㲻죿
Ȼ޵߶ԺˣҲԺŮޡ
ֻЩ˺͹ƺԵú޿ɱԡ
ǰЦ˷˸ṩĻᣬѹԬδһط¡ôõ飬ȷһ塪ΪȫΪ
ڹ߹ҲǸˣȥ߹ߣǱסԼϵܡ
֮ǰ߹Ϊ˵õѩɳǣôǱ߹ѩϢ߹ɱߵˣҲ֤ԼĲ롣
Ѿʦˣֻûȥ֤ѣȥ߹ǱҲѧʲô׬Ԫʯʱ䡣
ɲðգֱ˵ԼԺŮޣ׾ź򲻺߹
⻰һ䣬Ժ޿񣬸һԺڵŮޣֺԺ˻㶮¡
ʲô񣿡Ԭδߵ˴Ļһ㵵ĿˣûԸ߹£ûиҲ߹߰æ𣿡

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ԬδҲͨһЩСϢ²⵽˹ǱݺȻҲãǲͷôʹ뿪¹ԺҲϢġ
ֻҪûͨԺˣҪôˮǣҪôǻعȥ
۹лӽ
ҲǸûʲô˵ŮޣҪֱ̫ˡֻҪΪŮˡº֮ôⱲӶ뿪ˡ
ҲԬδ˵ţΪŮ޴ﶼĵ£ûʲô쿪顣
ڹ󲿷ֵŮ޵ĹǴ඼ɷķԸ
ԬδôҲû뵽ĹȻͨԺĿˣȻĳɼԺȴҲ˲˵ע⡣
ΪһԺΨһŮޡ
Ժ¹ԺﲻѧͿʼ۷׷ף˵ǻΪһ¬ǣϢԺ¬ϵĶ¬Ȼ˵Ҹ㡣
¬ҲǴԺģΪ츳̫㣬ԲųΪ˵Ժĳϡ
¬Ժ˲꣬ĹǸó˵ѵˣǿһˣôضǳĵġ
ԬδҲʶչȥôĻһӽ
ԬδȻǿģߵز޷ĳã˻ڹ⣬ôܻĶ֣
ľʺĵ
ΪˮȻȲ
ԼǰϵĶ𽥵˲˵Ŀ⣬бӣҲע⵽˹Ԭδζԣ߹ͻʦľ󣬱ŷ˵ԼԸæû뵽뷨һŷϱǸȥڵˣԼʹ֪Լڴʲô⣬ȴͬˡ
߹ʼǸŮޣȫҲվǲ㣬ԬδԼݽӽ߹ߵŮλŮ˵¹ԺһŮ߹ߡ
߹ߵŮȻҲŮޣЩȴΪ߹ϸ̣ܽȻҲûȥӽʲôޣԬδĹƻ£Ҳͬ߹˵顣
߹ûлԼŮҲŮĽ顣
Ԭδһ˦ŮһϽɹΪңӽ߹߹ǰ¶
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һ˵Լ׾ź򲻺߹Ǹ˻ش𣬡ţСƺڶʲô
ڶʲô
Ԭδץ仰ҪĵطȻ
Ц֪ˡ
룬ڶ
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ˡԬδ˵õģԪʯ󣬱뿪ˡ
˴ԬδԪʯˡ
ʵֹԬδ벻ףôõĲ²ץסԺһЩֻۻǲ⡣ΰԬδµˣҲõġ
ȻԪǰȥɽɽϵݳӵĹԼˡ
ɽɽϵʮֵĳԣʶ¹ԺɽϿ˲ٵݡ
߼м˽磬ϲݵǲܿģάֽҪԪʯͼȻͲܺķֽˡ
ͼ̺࣬෱࣬ÿһ涼һͷ۵ǣЩϣЩ͵סûȻ³ѡǽԺģΪŮ޶ֶֻҪϸµ˲ҸԪʯ࣬Ψһĺôһһѧ֡
ǿɶǳӰȻ̺ôһСҲǳӰԪԺΨһŮ޹վ̲סˣһӾͱһ£ڼ뷴ڣҪѧֵġ
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ԪʵڲףԺ޶鷳񣬶˿ûԥͽ
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ʹ߹֣æһЩػҲȥӺð
֪˵ͷݳӣȫЩӵ࣬鲢۵ġ
ԪԸһ㵵ĿŹԼСʦãӳ⡣
ֻǹûи߽Ԫ޷ô
һͨȫĵͼݡ
ΪҪȫܶ࣬ÿнԺʱĻᣬĹ鼮
Ȼʲô鼮ʵҲû˶Ժڵͼ飬Էġ
ȻҪġ

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ʵҪ߲ɽϵѪ𽥱ŨҲǲԵġ
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Ȼʼĵк֣ܶʺõģʺ޵õģʺõģôȥˣҲûƳ͵Ҫĵҩ
֪ҪǷʼ͹ȥ˾ÿԵʱ򣬶һԪʯʦ
˵ļĵʦˣȴûһƳķʼ
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Ԫ񣬵ǰԼʦֲ֣ĲչԺΨһСʦá
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ԪĸҲ˴һûþˡ
ԪŹ֪Щ󣬱ԼǸز۵ãԶԹҲʮֵġ
ԼҲ֪Ժ޵ߴŮ޶ܲѺãԪȴʮģԲΪڽɭô򵥣ԭ
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ʵĺÿʹһͷںڵĳֻǼ򵥵óԺͷûκΣȴǸ׵ģ
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ԪֻôЦţ֪ա¹Ժ꣬ҲŮޣȴûһôġʹ֪ܷҲ֪һûκ棬ᱻ˵Ϊɫԣúܲ
ôһЦԪһУֵõġ
ҲʶԪЩʧĻһʦ֣ʲô
ûʲôԪͷǰȥýŲԼʧֹ̬Ҵȥ󡣡
ΪнԪ֪޲Թֻһʱ䣬֪ԺڵĲ顣
ڽԪ뿪󣬹ŻԼסԺڡ
ȸԼԺӲһα˿󷨣һͬܽĽ󣬲ŷĵóĶСԺ
ԺӲΧŲٹľԵøİ
Ӱó᰸׼ĻӣСԺǰһЩְԱһС£˿ʳĳ
¹Ժȷǲƴ֣ʹԺѧÿסһСԺӣ߹ˣӵһСĶ
ȻҲùٹȵԳʳʮȤҲϲ㶫ԡ
ʰӺ󣬱˼СˣִӿռָóһС̳Ӿƣ׼Լ
ǰ£ʺϷɡ
ȻҲʱͻȻһôסģ
һ㿴µĴµ󷨣Ц˽ѽⲻҵͽ𣿡
ߵ£ûп㵵飬һľ̳ӸԼһƺͷȥȻǺþơ
ӣЩ޿κΣԺҼǵѧԺ˵ѧûзǲԴסĵطģ
ôأҿʦֳ̧һڹĲȣ΢΢Ŀͽջ治˵ĳλʳʦѧһʳĲƭҵѽ

90 

ˮǹռĳǳأѦˮǵľ¥кüÿն
ȾȻҲȥѦҵľ¥ѦƣʱƲƣʮֵĳԣֻǾЩζҲһ㡣
޵߶ԣֻҪԣôǺþơ
ϲƣҲȱԱ㲻ôȥνˡ
Щٵľƣȴδ־ơ
磬ǡôױգҪʱ򣬲а㲻ʣӸǾһҹ󣬾档
ڳµľƺձٴʹҪһЩϧΪͨԺĿˣѾȥϲˣջҲûҵ
յľЩ⼸ڻûסڴ˵˹Сӡ
ֻôҲû뵽Ȼ濴ҵˡ
үڼʱҲһ𾪣ԺҲ򡭡ҩ𣿡
šȻԸ֪ԼͽܣҪһЩƣԺǵĵ˵ͷ
ү¶һͬӣ̧ļ򣬡磬ܵܵĶ㡣
ЩɻˣүʲôأֻǵϲˣԾȴûʲôȤͶ࣬ʲôأ
Ҳû˵ʲôǴæ뿪ˡ
Ϊүĳ֣֮ձûȥӣϾ뱻
ڵȵѧԺȻҪϽʹҪƣֻû뵽СѾͷȻ䵽ôƫƧһԺӡ
ط̫ƫƧˣҿ˺þáռһֱԼҲЩ˼Ͼ˹Ķ˵ҪҪ㻻طס
ҵĶһЩǱߵҲŨ
ΪԺԺĶȻɽɽŨĵططҲ¹Ժϣ¹ԺԺҲסڴ˴΢Ūһ㶯ЩȻ֪ˡ
ն󷨣ֽţôЩˣֱܣͦϲģ
ǰֻ̫ˡָԼһƣ˵ʹ˾󷨣Ϊµ󷨵ȼʵ̫ˡǿպãȹЩ¾Ҫˡ
ʱҪطǾˡ
ԺﱻĻ磬ᶨ˵Ҳỻġ
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΢΢һʦ㻹󷨣
ŻԺŮʱԸ⿪ںһʦЩ⣬Ȼ
ûȥ󷨹ῼˣҹҵӦļȻȲԺǼ϶ǽ㻹Ǵ´ġջ˵Ҫѧϰæоѧϰ󷨣δǺá
һվǲܶõġ
ԼϾǹʦʹûսҲΪ޵ʺһĶá
ʦҲ󷨣Ȼ֪ЩĿƲסԼĺģѧϰЩ˼Ҹʦѧ
ѧʲôü欵Ϊ˾ƣȾ˼ֵĺ졣òЩŮ࣬ȴǳᣬտʮֵĴ޹ʹԺԺȴǸ¶꣬㲻Ӧѧġ
Ҳ֪仰ʲôһȹ˾̳ľƣŴóһľƵݸ֪ڳˣͨзĳ¹Ժ
˵꣬ҲѯʵĻᣬֱ̧־ڹԺ¸󷨡
켶̬ͣʮˮûеԥȣȹ߳һء
ע⵽ڹ۲ַջ˶˵еľϡ
Ȼ½̫̫ģʲôԸϸϸĸ߹͹˵ĶȴҲù֪˲ٹ󷨵ľϡ
ЩϼʹȥԺЩҲδԸΪѹԺˣԶԹҲûʲô
󷨲ú̧žҪߣִӿռָó̳ӾƵݸգʦҵİʦ񡣡
ЩɻΪʲôס֮ĻЦûյһǡ
úѧҽĶȹóǽĻȻҽģҲδĶ
ֱӾ뿪ˣ˿ʼĥ󷨵Ĺ

91 

ȹһЩսĶ󣬳ѾͶƲ
ʰһϵӣ˳ȥ
һҹȻûϢľȴܺãڼ˰೤ϵʱҲһϰû˿ʧ
˶뿴ŹȴôҲû뵽νССʵ˭ܳԿࡣ
ʹڳóʯǿһʱʱ򣬲˶Ѿˣȴҧֵ˰ĳ϶̲ס޹á
ǹվԺΨһŮޣֵٺãвﴫĶ
μϢʱ򣬱идߵߣ˹ֱۣСʦã㶨𣿡
䵱ȻǵһɽɽˣȴҲɭ˵һԺĵеһλģԺﶼǰμġ
κҶЩƣʮֵǿ׳ҼܺڣԶԶһúɽ
ˣԺ֮ǰĽԨ޴ˣ¹ԺǷף˵ĽԨ޴ˡǹϲĽԨ޴֪˽绹޵磬ӵĻȨվǱŮӸߡҪܶ಻Ҫ鷳Բľ
ĽԨ޴ҲûзԵЩϲԹԼҪǿʵȻ˻䲻Ϲ
üЩǵԺС
ΧﲻЦЩЦﶼ̫Ĳ⡣
ѧԺҲǸƵӣ˿Χ˵Ӱ죬ʦֵˣѵС𣿡
⻰ǴȥˣʦҪӵٵսɣ
ޣóޡ
޹Ʋ޵ģҲòϣһ̶̵ķֹ޳Ϊҳһǳء
¹Ժֵط޵޲֪ǿ˶١
Ȼֻ֪ȥԼҪĵﶼʶԸϽЦʦҵ˼ˣֻǾʦԺˣԺһǲ̫õġ
ɲʦԺԴôԺ˴ߣ
԰ʦò˻ɣԺѡ
ǣһĹҲȢԺĻʦҪð
Ҫͣסʦðˮﰡ
ɲʦ㲻翼ǿ磬ʲô÷ˣ
Χ˶壬ҲŵֱӴ˹ļϣڹ˵һ䣬һޣʦʵʦֿԡ

仹û˵꣬Źϵ֣ͱץݺݵһۣƺ˹۵һ̱һĵʹ
ֻǹۣȻẰǹҲǸʦǰҲǸޣ̫ǵˣԳֵʱ򣬸Ǻ顣
ΪɬԲŻ˶ԴԼɵоһǿ⾢Ҫĵų׵Ļˡ
ҪԼ
ʦãʦá󺰣лú˵
ʱĹĶŰԼǰĴ䣬ʦֻһЩá
ʦٸ˺ôһʦַսʦҲ֪Һս̨ʹǳˣҲû˻˵ʲôģ顣
ץŴֽ˽۵ִۿ𽥵ı죬¹嶯Լ
ڼҲҪ΢һץĸ
СȻҪܹ׵ס
û´ˣ֪𣿡ᣬǶֵѹһ
ͷ֪ˣ֪ˣʦ֣
̧Ѵһһڶʲôһ
̧˿ܣȡЦǣڴʱԼͬ¶˴㵡ȵ顣
ʵҲڻɴڰݿû׼Ǻ͹һһϷڿͷϵ亹Ϻĺۼʱ򣬱֪˺֡
ΪԺܶ궼ûŮͨ˵ԭڿŮ޵ʱ򣬶ڿ˿һ
ʱҲ˵Ŀڹ䣬һöʦƺڴ˿̴ʹǵ˫ۡ
ˣǶˣǰСʦãһĵʦ
ôȻǵʦǰ϶Ҳޣû׼ж
ȺҲڴʱ׵ĳĬ
ԶĽɭЩĹһڽӴЩ޵ʱ򣬻ʲôõľ棬ų棬СѾͷȴԼˡ
ջСѾͷԿܳʲôɭԳǻû˵¬еһȡ
ǲҪ̫ˣȻ¬ϹһһӶ޲ȥ뺷ĲǸŮˡ

92 Ϣ

PS:Ǹikunizhuzhu״͵ļӸ
Ϊϰ壬Ը²̫ȶǷĸ¶ǵøϵġ

ΪڵһÿϢʱ򣬺ݺݵýѵ˽ԺѧμޣԺﲻڿʱ򣬶ǰһˡ
ǿŹҲĲƺͲ⣬ڵĲ
ʵҲޱ˰޵߹ƻ˵ǸɫǰҶ̵ܽǣ˲ܶŮ˶֣ܵĻҲЪ˼
һսʤһŮޣһǿûʲôֵҫģһܣֻ۸ʦõԺ˿ǡ
𽥵Ŀʼת䣬ᵽı뺷
ѹںЩôԼǲԼ鷳õ顣
ϿεʱɺʹǰһؾأżҹʱҲһЩȸճ
նЦ˵ҵͽܣȻͬ졣
վǵ۸ڴ󷨵ͬʱֻûʲôģܶҲֻǴҴһ˵̫ϸڹսĶҲܼǸ˾Ųʮ
ȥɽɽݳ棬ڼ仹ץ˲ٵôƷʼ
ڼ䣬ԪΣĹĲã֪ܺúչԼҲһЩݸ
ԺѧݱͲףԪԹãҲ֪ͼ˽¸˽ԪһЩҩ
ҲǺͽԪӴˣ֪Ԫиá
ףԪΪʲôԼ˵ĺˣԭҪԭ
ɭҲ֪㣬ԲýԪԼİɣ
ɭʮֵĲףʵȴϸֻǺҶܴһ̫ã˶˽ɭ˼
ʦáԪִһЩȥɽɽϿƼһ˶ɫŽ̲סһ£ҡˡ
ԪȻ³ӣɫĳӵʵ̫ˣֻǿһúܲɹȴµץסһ۲ŷŽƺԼĶ
ԪһǰյԺ˴ȥмæҵһЩ㣡
νԪݶģֻΪЩ죬ҩЧͨĺãΪԺĵӣҲһЩǣȻЩЩϾݣóȥǻѧ֣ܵõٺô
ŽԪŵĺ¶ˣüʣδǼģ
ԪɵЦЦݵݸŻش𣬡弶ģ
弶ģüͷҪһˣԺǲǰˣ
ҲûСԪԲ󣬴ʱЦӣЩɵƭ֪ôϲ˵ԣԲ̹ˣʵҲûʲôϵģԺģұ͸óǰ汣ǡ
ɽȻз󷨣ÿݳʱҪص¹⣬Щ󷨾͵ʱֹͣм졣
ͼֻЩͼޣмݾͻޣڸ߼԰ͣ󷨵ʱ򣬶ǳΧġ
ڣҲ죬Ҳͼʱ
мݴøԺѧ֣мԺҲǽԺѧġֻǵԺѧ඼ޣƤ޵ʱȻԼˣǱƸԺԺѧæЩæ˵ҩΪꡣ
мҲģԺ˶ԣȻǴõĲ¡
ΪԺѧǶ£ԶȥҲֻ۱ֻۡ
ԪȻԲ󣬿Ϊֱɭ˽ָȲԺ˶áټͷԺǼ򵥣ֲƽϱ٣ԵԺÿ궼ȥ
´ΣͲҪˡקŽԪ£ӿռָóһö˵ĵҩһЩҩ۳Ԫϵ˿ڷϣ弶ޣ΢ͻǳˣô죿
Ķᣬñ˿ʹĽԪ֪ۿ
Щ˽Ϻ͹СһЩҲû˺˵ͬĻ
ʶԼʧ̬Ԫ˵ǰܾãȴ
֪ΪʲôԪŹȴԼȥĸס
ǽ˫Ϊӣûеõܺõĸȥ󣬸ȲȢµļң֮ڼǲˣǺ¹Ժ󱻽չˣڽңֻϵһֶѡ
ʦòҲ𣿡ûԪһλȸ˲˵Ȼޣð˿ڣЩҩ۶ƹģ˿ЧһգʱٲЩ˿ڵĲ
ԪЦŵͷ֪ˡ
ˣԪʲôƵĶԹ˵ҸĽԨ޴ѾˡѧԺѧææŸԺһЩͼĵ¯˵ܳ㡣
յԺѧԺ߶ֻýԪ
ĽԨ޴֮ǰ͸飬ѾϢ
ͨĽԨ޴ȷɱĽԨ޴常ĸ˭ˡ

93 

ĽԨ޴Ȼ֪ԼȥһˣΪ¡
ԺһֱѧϰͱַڼҲΪֳɫ˼ԺĲ
˲֪¹Ժʵ󣬷ֱÿѧԺһÿѧԺĲ߲㣬ÿһصĶҲһһ¥鼮ŵģ¥ĵȼԽߣô鼮ϼ¼Ķ͸ӡ
ÿһѧԺĲǰ㣬ֻҪѧֱܷģѧҪȴһһߡ
Ʃ㣬Ҫѧֲһʱ
ôȥˣԺ¬ϣҲֻ̤ԺĵĲ㡣ûѧȥ㣬Ϊûеһľ磬ʹȥ˵㣬Ҳۻʲôǲסװ׵˷Щѧ֡
㣬ֱҪԺԺѧԺԺ̤ͬ롣¹Ժڣ˵Ҳֻвλ޵̤
ĽԨ޴Ϊÿζεļ¹Ļ֪ʶȴѧϰȷҲڼȥҹȴ־Լһ޳ɣʹȥ˹ҲǸϺȵĴڡ
Ժ˰ѵ˴һҲ롣
˶˵¬һģ̳ģ
Ψһͬǣ¬ͽɭûߵΪɭԸȢѾĶס
ѧԺڵ֪׵ĶĽԨ޴ʱ򣬿ĽԨ޴񶼴˼ͬ顣ĽԨ޴͵ʦ㣬ĽԨ޴˵ʦͱһֱˣԺĵ¯Ҳ͹ȥ㻹ȥʦһѧϰȻٲġ
ֹ޾Ů޶ĽԨ޴ȫǱǿŲŽµġ
ϾĽԨ޴Ǳ޵ûҪģű˹װ׼һģΪδ
ڽԪĽԨ޴˵ĶͷϣдһĲ֡
ĽԨ޴ó˽ϲ¹Ժ˻͹˵ҲֻкͽԪż̸䡣Ϊ뺷ˣںѧԺﶼҥ˵ûкԬδߵһԬδҲ֪ǸƶʵŮӣԲŻ¡
ĽԨ޴ѹö룬֪ϢԬδųȥġ
¹Ժǣ󲿷ֶԹУҲû򻱳ǵġ֪ԬδϸģֻԬδԼ
ԬδԼݳһ߸ϵ꣬ȴǴ󡣬ɾôƵҥԣȻˣȰԬδҪԶһЩû׼ϵĺζѬ
ĽԨ޴ʵܲڮٹҲŰףͲó˽˵ĶôϣЩ˶Ǳȵġ
ĽԨ޴ǾԼǳ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
ҥԽԽĽԨ޴ȴԼⳡҥΪ
˶ηЩģҲǸʮŮ
ĽԨ޴ȥʱɫѾˡ
ԡºϵζûô죬ȥԺ
Ԫ˹СԺӣ׼˲Ⱥơ
ԪȻô˻ǰ£ԵĽԨ޴º󣬱˸뿪ˡ
ԪȷһЩ飬ȴҲͣĽԨ޴Щ˫տɫԵЩŽʦʲôˣҪҪҺһ£
ʦֺǲһģǸˡ
ЩʲôĽԨ޴΢΢һúЦǲˣ
Ĺұȥ˳ǵĹϵҲΪ鷳͵ա
ĽԨ޴Ͻվ֣ǵģֻǾá
ίһ˼ֲģҾ䲻㡣
ʲô䲻ϣ㣬㲻κ˲ҵ¹ԺûбȵˡЩҲԺĲ󣬼˲ٵޣȴûκһ˵պʣܱȵĽԨ޴ò˵ĽԨ޴ȷ㣬ֻǿϧԸûκȤԹĺĽԨ޴˵ȻȷǶףȴһס֪ģҪĲǸ飬ԱǸҸҪĸ顣
Լã̸ʲô飿
ڵȻûĽԨ޴ȻҪĽԨ޴˵ȻЩЩ̣ܱҪá
ԹԣĽԨ޴ѣǿһһ·ˡ
֪ĽԨ޴ֺγ֪ѹû׼ȷ˵ǹѹû鰮뷨Ǹϲɣϲ˰סŲˡ
ǣ˵
ȷȴҲ֪ǰĽǳᡣ
ĽԨ޴̸֪ȥ˶ΣЦת˻⣬ʲôϢ˵𣿡
ţĽԨ޴پ᷽ŵĻ⣬Ҳ˵µĻ⣬֪𣿡
ĽԨ޴ͷ֪ڹʱ
޵ߣѡĸˣڰǰ巢ҡ˵Ϊ
ϵһ壬ϲ͵
ϵһ壬ϲսǧ
˶٣ɱ常ĸˣһ֧һ

94 

֮ǰݴ½ĸҲΪԴս˵ʱ˲ٵ޵ߡ
һ޵ɱ¾Լĸоֱ˵ɭָӵΪҪһ޺͹Ҹ鷳ֱӳ塣
彨ĳµ͵Ĵ£һ޵
Ǻһֵ˷֣ǵΪܸߣԹܺõӣȴɭָܿ࣬Ϊ޵ߣȴڹܸŨǰĹء
ڰǰһλһ뿪壬ΪΪǧ
ͶĴµ͵ԵøߵôϲڣҲվǴģһ㲻ȥ˭鷳
ҲΪûǳʲô£ЩҲûҪ塣
ĽԨ޴Ϣſʵ˳ޣ˭
ֵӶǧµӶֱҦ˵Ҧ߼ޣǧž˵ˡϢֻ˵ЩӶһֱң޵˳ȹ׽ٵķǻɭڳ֣ҹǳҵķӡȥġ
ǧȻһ֧һģȴǸ令̵ˣҪɱҦôʵҲ볬ǧš
̾һ˵ӶŵȥιæŻĹ
ҲΪӶŵ뿪ĹĽԨ޴ͣ˸ҽǴĽԨ޴ĳܲ³˭µĺ֡Ще޵ȻµӶŵˣȴһ塣ϾĹĻҶɵ壬˭Ըͻأ
ʹƢãȴҲûƢȥǷǡ
ĽԨ޴ͷ˿
ʵһʼĽԨ޴֪ɱԼ常ĸˣǵ֮Ǽʹ֪ȴҪѩޣǲΪ常ĸôΪӡ
лĽԨ޴Ҳ֪Լ˵ǧˣҦеһ򲻹
ҲѹǵԼʱ򣬻ڿϡ
˵ллʲôĽԨ޴ɫãֿȰ㲻ҪñѾ֪˳˭ôŬĿˡ
ʹǧųҦôգǧžԲĶ֡
ĽԨ޴Ź˼㣬ң
šᶨĵ˵ͷŽǴﵽɱʿ
ĽԨ޴ԣŹҲ˼־ģһﵽģֹ
ĽԨ޴˷ܶĿ꣬Ҳһ
ĽԨ޴޷Ҳ߶ΪĽԨ޴Ĵڣ¹Ժٲٵ鷳иŵˣҲһ·
ȷĽԨ޴ϣĽԨ޴ǿĽŲΪİ֡һĽԨ޴ԣȴǻ¡
Ϊҵ˳ˣҲǹĵҩΪ
ûиôлر
ʹĽԨ޴֪ԼҲĸԸ
Ͼÿ˶ۣҲÿ˶Թԣõļֵġ
ĽԨ޴󣬹ҹոͨľƻһڼʱ򣬱ԺĺòãʦϵΣǷʲôί
һһĻشֻ˵õģ˵ģ֮һҩᰡ
Ҳӵ뽻˹Ǻ͹˵ǰЩͬø飬ҪһЩ򻱳Ǹĸûźͻȥģ
ͷȻеģ
ǰЩѾʮö嶾ö鵤ЩΪĸ׼ġ˵ʹƹ񣬵Ҫôƹ˵ʦϵĵʵûа취׵
ֻҪһڣ½ķʮöƷ嶾ɡ
֪˲࣬ȴҲû֪ΪûκһԸΪһĵʦͶʮöƷļҩڹһЩҩʱƹ񶼾Ŀɿڴ
鵤ǸĸģĸΪǿͻġ
ֻҪ½̫̫ͻôﵽļʦľ硣
Щۿʱͺˣúӣĸûаôꡣ
ЩҩҪԪʯȻģ֪Ϊ˴һԪʯضı˭ࡣ
ΪЩҩȷϴ󲿷ֵԪʯȴֵõġ
Ϊ½ֵ̫̫ô
ԪʯֶȻûͻ취ȥ׬Թѵҩ᰺󣬱תȥ˶С
ʹҹˮǵĶʮֵ֡
͸ҳһȤͣ˵һʦͣʳ⣬ȴļʦľϡ
ʹͼ۸ܸߣȴûʲôʦȥشΪÿʦľϣԼԷıǮǸˣⲻڶԼǰ
Ȼ͵߹֪⼸춼û˻شʱҲ˼ֲͷͷ

95 

ź߹Ѿߣס
һǹʮ⣬ѾһеԪʯĸ߼ۣʵڲֵð
߹ֺγֵ֪ãٷеԪʯˡ
λӻʳڳΪʦ͸¶ʦĶķӡˣȻϢ֪׼ȷ񣬵ⶼһ顪ĹĹʦҪˡ
ĸ͸¶˵ζɽ˳ձһͽܡ
ʱ˵⣬߹ȴһûᡣ
Ȼ˶뺫ۣƴȥӽ磬Ҳõһ䣬Ϊʦû츳Գ׵ķˡ
ںƺŬֵһģϲ߹ʮֵߡ
Ҫú֪û츳ԼҲǿͻʦľġ
ڹڻʼҵѧԺѧϰȻǸõѡ񣬿ɻʼѧԺڵĹ̫ˣԴʹҲδáȻЩǮʮֵ۰ҲǽǮûŮǰ£Ǯ˺ӣôʲôˡ
߹ԼĸһϢ
ĥ˺ܾãߵıʿ˼պžе¹Ժ
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˵꽭ͺⷽ츳ԸָԼôͻʦľɡ
߹ôҲû뵽¹ԺԺҪֱ棬ɽȴԸͷͽܣ˵ʹ˽̲ѧ
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֪ԼȰ߹תͷ뿪ʲôƵģ߹˵⼸յԺĹһֱҪ
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ίȴ֪˭˵
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׺߹Ԭδѹ⣬߹ԬδԼ̤ʯ䡣ƫƫĹȴΪ¹ԺŮޣƺ޲úԬδϹϵ
Ƶľٶ̫СԬδĺƢҲЩмܲס
һİè߹üô
ȥԬδùû£ô㲻߰æˡ
߹ͷôͻʦľ磬ʵûЩϸ΢ĲӬ
׸˵˷ԸȥҵԬδ񣬴߹Ļ
˼ǣƾȥšһĿԬδºͣδҲ֪ƵƢ˭ûòǲ֪ʲô߹ǻҵĹôܱ˵ĵأ
δǲúõĴùƣ߹ǲȥˡ
Ԭδüͷлף֪ˡ
ЦЦδαغ˵ллҽ˵ЩΪãϣ㡣
ԬδЦź׺˼䣬ת߳Ժ⡣
߼ͿԶĹơ
յĹƴһɫĳȹԵЩ䡣
ȥˣԬδͺ𣬡ǲȥǸ׵Сˣ

96 ÿ

ԬδΪǵľԵʣڹ궼ǱﳤģЩĽŮӣҲǼĹ
ֻôҲû뵽ԼȻһôŮӡ
ΪľҶָ¹Ժô˺͹Ƶ¡
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ϲ㣡Ƽ嵽Ԭδߣ뿪¹Ժɣܲˡߣճ׺òã
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ƣ˵Ļǣұ˵Ĳ𣿡ԬδһģȻ˲ңҺ㡭ûԵ֡
Ԭδһ仰˵Ǿ˼ʹ࣬ѹƽ͵ĻᣬֱӳŵԺĲȥ
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֪ļ͹һҲһ
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ҵĵãûа취ܾ
Т˳쾭顣
֪ļԬδ˵ִߴ٣ү˵үԬҵĽȻ¶ҪΪ롣ү˵콵˹Ҳȿ־ǡ¹ԺԺүҲҪȥӵԼ
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үⷽ¯ҲΪүð״үġ
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ûãʹߴҪԪʯȥԪʯ
еԪʯȷ̫ˡƼԬδһΪѣȻ뿴ģ֪˵ߵʮöеԪʯûȥɡ
ʵʮöеԪʯĸڵԺһЩҩعʯǡ
ΪǵԺѧڵԺڹµĵҩа۵Żݡ
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ʮöеԪʯⱲӶûôԪʯȻߵС
ԬδƻóԪʯվûкٷִ
⣬򻱳ǡ
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û£½̫̫ĹˮǹĲãʮֵĽҪ֪Ϣڿʣƹڹпɻã
ãܺáϽס½̫̫Ҵǰ˵½ʦǸиˣҹȻûв´
Ķ϶²ʲô

97 ϲ

ЦʮֿģҲΪ˵ĸˣ½̫̫Ҳһ
½̫̫治ںܴʲôֻҪƽƽ֪ˡ
򿪿ùһռָݸ½̫̫⡣
һǧΪ½̫̫һʮö嶾ö鵤ƹЩĿɿڴ
ƹ꣬ȻҲСТ˳µҩΪġȴûмһմӹ̤вСһô൤ҩһԸ壬ûǰһ黹
ʹƹ񲻺ô׬ȡԪʯģȴҲ׬ȡԪʯٶŵ
˲ʳ͵ҩֹ˶ĵҩƹֱ˹һöռָ
öָĿռ䲻󣬵ȴһ
ƹףΪʲô㣬ôˡ
ӵȷ˭Ǳ
⣿½̫̫Щסˣ̽˵⺢ҲǣֻǴһЩʳȻһռָЩʳ
̫Ʒ˰
ȴЦռָǸģġǸĵģĶضϲģ쿴½ʦ
½̫̫εĴ򿪿ռָȴŵһЩݺ͵ҩ
ʦȻϤҩϢֻһ㿴ʮö嶾ö鵤
⡭½̫̫Բۣƹǲʹˣ
ۿ΢죬Ҳ֪½̫̫ЩĲףҲ˽ʹҪôʦϵĵƹЦ˵Ȱ㲻Ҫ룬Ͼʮö嶾˭Ըøĵʦģļĵҩ
ģ㿴滹дױźأЦŽͣʹڹе¹ԺҲġ
½̫̫ãδʲôر
꣬ѰųٹиʱٵĶȴԼõѣųٹ½̫̫ѶѺųٹΣ˹ϣվûлù¹ס
Ȼ޸Ԭδһ£Ϊ˻ĹȴҲ̫á
֪½̫̫ۿҲˣ⺢̫һԪʯˣЩҪеԪʯ򵽰
ңǺܸߵļ۸
ڹмʹйչˣȴҲվǸˣҹеˣ½̫̫Ҳ֪ӲùҪԪʯ
ǹǸõģ½̫̫εʱ򣬶顣
ڹйôˣ½̫̫վǵĹģڹ顣
ƹΪиԾ˵ڹ顣½̫̫ҲԸŻش𼸾䡣
ֻ¹ԺڵϢһѴƹ֪ҲһЩ¡
ʵǸǶˡ
ΪĽԶιȥ˹кҲһЩĽԶĽԶΪ˲ٹͻĵҩʳѾﵽżڣʱͻ
Ľ֧ҲܸмƹҲ档
Ϊȥ½̫̫Ҳ˹˲ٺö½̫̫Ϣ
ЩȻ֪ǹǹͻģȴû˸ȥ½̫̫⣬Ϊ½լ󷨣ΪҪǣĽԶ½̫̫ߵĺܽ˭Ҵ½̫̫⣬ôֹĽԶж顣
½̫̫ڷõҩڼ䣬һֱżһЩʳ
ʮգ½̫̫ϵĵ˺֮ܶ࣬ɹһ¯ļƷҩ
Ҳûֱ˵ҩǳ½̫̫֣˵һ¯ŵҩǼƷĵҩ
ò˶࣬ΪϢҲˣ½̫̫ϵĵˡ
ȻϢûã½̫̫ʽ̤żϢһκ䶯򻱳ǡ
½̫̫̤ż˶Ȼʣ֪ԼٹһЩӣ̤
½ʦ˼ˣүб½̫̫˼Ƕͨɹ˼ǶϾǹףѹֻһɣү˵ٹһЩӱǹ̫үٳġ
ү˵λ˺ǹָ̫̫ʦ̤ż
пŹ˼Ƕʵᷳ
ȥɡ½̫̫ںܶ꣬㿴ԸӵĮ
Ϊ粻ͬˣڿһҲһˡ
ǰԹԬ̫̫Ԭ붼ЩЦҲǸ֧ĿŮˣվǹ˼ҵˡ
ɡпЦ˵ү˵㲻ôһֱţȵԸΪֹ

98 ĸ

˼Ƕ½̫̫һģ˵˼ǶҲǹ̫̫ĺˡ
˼ǶȢųٹ˹½̫̫ǣˡ
˵ʹ½̫̫ں͹̫үˣҲվ˽£˼Ƕ޹ġ
ǹ˼ǶһֱվţҪ˷ˡ
ϲվţһֱվŰɡ½̫̫΢΢ĿڼôҪҩҲģ£һҪҪϢˣ
𣬾˵ұչˡ
½̫̫Ѿ̤żˣȻͻֻͻʱ׽ٻֲܿǲúõȹ̾磬ǻ׽¡
ҲѣȷҪչһӡ
Ҫ½̫̫մﵽȥпŹһЩӡ
Ҫ飬ô͵ʵߵˣǰһ˰ڲ
˻ôҲȥֹϾ쳤˵ϣҲû취ЩǸҵۣôԲġ
֪ˡм½̫̫Ĳ˼ҵˣҲ˸һ½ʦ׼ñչҪĶġ
½̫̫˵ͷţ
Ժ⡣
˼ǶеĻ΢΢ü壬ǲˣĸô᲻أ
ү㻹һЩ½ʦ͹˼ûκιϵˣҲҳƺһЦǱˣģ
壬ĳĸ׵ġ˼ǶȻǧٸԸ½ָ̫̫ʦʵ̤żòͷϽϵΪ˼Ƕ֪һ½̫̫̤᳹׵ĺ䶯⣬ʱõٵĺôǰҺĸЩᡣ
ңҲĸס׾ϲĸҲǺ˵ҪúõТ˳ĸڹ⣬Ϊ׵ȻҪԸ
壬㿴ΪҲҼĸװɡ
үǹ˶£СͲǹ˼ҵˣҲĸסû뵽˼ǶǱ䣬ǰСͳȥģ˵С㼴ʹˣҲԲ֡
Ȼ˵ľ飬ֺαأ
˼Ƕϲվþվáֻ㣬½ʦ˭ܼģչˡ
гĿŹ˼Ƕת˴š
Ϊ½̫̫Ҫչأ½Ҵլһˡ
˼Ƕ̧ͷŸլϵ󷨣۶ˡ
άҪԪʯô½̫̫ǴԪʯأ
ʦȷ̫׬ԪʯˣЩڵԼĸ׵Ļ½̫̫Զ˹ϵȻòٵҩˡ
˼һȥ˼ˣûм½̫̫˵̫үΣѹˣֱӳԺһϴˮǡ½̫үϡ
̫үʱ붯ɱ֣һͨˣҲ˵ķȴ󷨵Ĵڣֻܸɵۡ
˼Ԭ̫үЩϢ󣬿ԼĶӣ˼϶Ҳнգǻá
Ҫ͵Һ½ѩм䣬½ѩҵңΪԬ¡
Ԭ̫үµʱﶼżޡ
Ԭپ˵ת˻⣬ףǰδǱϢˣֻʮöеԪʯ
ʲôʮöδڴ򷢽лҿ游ûңн𣿡Ԭ̫үʮֵͺ𣬡پǲƭң
ԬپԬδĸףЩ꣬ԬپȷûԬδԴԪʯ
Ԭδòȥ¹ԺԬپȻϣӻرԼôҲû뵽δߴԬδԪʯԬδȴֻʮöеԪʯ̬ȼķܡ
Ԭδ¹ԺֹŷϵĹŵӣ߹ߵĺˣôܾʮеԪʯأ
ԬپĵʱͲȥԬδʸˡ
Ȱסˣĥ֮󣬾óʮöеԪʯӦһ¡
֪Ԭ̫үһ¾Ͳ³ˡ
ôأԬپһҧ˵ôأ
Ԭ̫үﻹżֻɣҲúԬپֵֻ̫ʣȥ½½ʦǵ𣿡
ûУԬپüƺıչˡ
Ԭ̫ү룬ż˵Ŀ˭ɣ
پȥʹһ¹˼Ƕȥҹ˵εĵҩԪʯǹ½ѩġԬ̫үҧгݣ½ѩ棬ôͲҪҸˡ
ʹǱչأ֪ºҲû˼չ˰ɣ
ҵҪ½ѩ϶ܶҶã
ԬپҲ֪ԼĸΪʲô˵ܻΪԴ½̫̫ﵽżԬ̫үȥ׷½̫̫
½̫̫ȴѹԬ̫ү
Ԭ̫үЩ߳ŭҪԪʯ½̫̫ԬδȴûԪʯԬ̫ү
Ԭ̫үԸ½̫̫˶ΣֻܶԸˡ

99 ؾ

Ԭ̫үôҲ֪½̫̫˴ҩȥˣȷǹǹᰡ
¹Ժڣż̽᰺ƽǲġ
ң˼ǶǰҲ˵¹ԺĹأʹǰȥ޵ȴҲ¹ԺûͨˣҲһҪ֮ġ
Щ꣬ûʲôǱ޵ߣҲỨ߼ȥƩ統꣬˼Ƕûȥ¹Ժ
˼Ƕ߻ʹʱȻ˵ţʹڹ˼ˣҲŮӦТ˳ȴǣùûޡ
λµʳʦ˵ô׺ݣ˵Ҫ˹ҪùƵҩʳûа취ŻЭڸ׷ԡ
ȥҹҲ˵ܲ˳ĵУʹ˹СѾͷҲòʲôԪʯûбҪһˡ
ү˵ǣСôҲŮ⸸ŮʲôҹģλﶼȰ˼Ƕ˵᰹ڹпӣÿն׬ԪʯΪõģȻΪ롣
˵ǰ᰹үãȻĸøԪʯ͵ҩǸŮҲΪ˼ʲô˼Ҫүǹ˼ҵ֧
˵¹ԺѧʹҲ쵽ٵеԪʯÿ£¹Ժؾÿѧ֣˵ؾźüļأ
ļݣҵ찡ⱲӶûأ
˵Ͻյ˼Ƕߣ޹Ĳ»£үȥУպС㡣磬С˵˵ؾһЩļݳūǿ۽ɡ
԰ү˵ǽǿ۽ɣ֮꣬ǽܼļݣ޺ˣ
һȺ·Ͼƣÿһ仰ʮֵ˾ó˼ǶЩƮƮȻˣо˶ھƳ
ããá˼Ƕһ˵֣үǼС۽硣
Ǽ˼ǶӦˣֿʼά˼Ƕ˵ļݶô󣬼ᶨ˼Ƕȥе뷨ȹ˼Ƕ뿪ǲܵСŵ˵Ƕˡ
ţ΢΢ͷҪɾ裬һҪù˼Ƕ̰ˣᶨȥе뷨
ǵͷ࣬ū֪ˡ
ӡšһ˸ԬȥϢ
ڹ飬Ȼ֪
ֻ֪¹Ժɸѡµһӣǲϸˣͻᱻ䵽ԺԺµؾĳɼôҲεԺ
ȻûƺȲŻڹǰ¹ԺųϢҹȥ˹ؾʦȥ
ʦǾ̰ؾûô򵥡ճĬƬ̣¹ԺսãɽϿٵļʧ˺ܶ࣬ʧ︽ؾ˵һλ˵ĵʦ·ɽʱҪԾȣŻ͵ЩȻվʧˣϵĶˣԲγؾ
ؾҲ˵ʱĶ
üʦȥؾ𣿡
ȥֹȥЩÿµʱ¹ԺȥǶֻΧ߶ʦҶûȥΧ˵ؾЩȶˣһԺһǧȥؾΨһٵٮٮߣǺȴаʮˣֻжʮ˳ȴʮʣµʮĸˣ뿪ˣȥ˵Ժ
ȥ˵Ժ͸¶ؾһļʦ
üͷɫܲÿǵԺͬһȥѧߵҲǸʦôλļʦôأ
λļʦ˵Ѿ̤ľ硣
˼Ƭ̣ʦǻɣλ˵ĵʦʵûȥǶؾ
Ҳǡ˵һؾģֻ
ιĵԲۣ޵ߵǵڲš
˵Ҳټ˵ȥˡ
ݴ½޵ߵĵȼΪŽףֱ𵤡ԪӤϡ񡢺塢ˡʥȵں޵ߵﵽߣڽ𵤺󣬻һԼ޵Ϊǽ𵤵ķҲǸСӰӺʵ壬ȵ˽𵤺ںӰӲŻ𽥵
ԪӤڵĳϣһ㶼һʵݣڱˡ
ǷԽԽãΪҲԼҲԪӤڵĳϣûʵġ
ͨ׵˵ϲȣĴڣֻ޵ߵĻ

100 ǣһ

û˵̫ףȴ֪ڻɣؾĵʦʵϵһʵ޵ߡᡣ
Ĺǲ޵߶ģӵ̫ˣĹĻҵĻҲκ޵߶Ըġ
νҪ׷ߵΪȻҪ伫
ؾ˱һʦֲסˣһЩľٶʵǲȥġտЦԺȴҴС֡
ԺΪ޵֮·࣬κ鶼̰ôعȥͨ˵ӡ
˵ȴ΢΢üĵȴǷ̣޵Ȼ̰ȴҲ֪֪·ײȥ
Ժ޷Ǿ᲻ؾļݺ˫ɫ
ֻҪؾѧؾõĶ֮һҪϽѧԺ˫ɫ˵ʮֵĿ̣ΪǺڰɫҪʢһĵطúȴǿһ˵޵߶ҪĶ˫ɫ˵һеԪʯĸ߼ۡ
¹ԺԺҲ𣬿ǲóһԪʯõ˫ɫô᲻Ҫأ
ѧǵΣֲԼ¡
ʦ֪ˡͷҲȥģ
ռԹԵĴӦԼһΣԺΪҲӣǷԸҲѧ𣬸ֹǽؾҲҵѧ⼸۵ĳԲ˯á
Ź֣Ҳ޵ߣȻҲ֪޵·ϺܼһЩҲ޿κε顣
üԣ
ʦ˰ɣǰǸ˱һѼ춹࡭һ˵˼Ⱥֵһ̳һûƣֱ¡
ͽܣһЩСģҲ׼һЩʦ⼸տۻˡ
ǳ˳Ҳǰɽҵ˼ֻһޣֿʳñˣҲˡδһڣձԵĸɸɾ˳ִ̳Ӹһ
ûС붼û룬һҵЩҲҪԪʯġ
ʦñٹȵ꣬ôأ
ЦЦ˵ģʦͽ֮䣬Ԫʯⲻ˸𣿡
飬Ԫʯǲȣȴǰ˺ܶ࣬ǽյĲȺϴεƣͻһίĿŹݷʲôһ
ԣҲ¶˳
ռƺĲԸ⶯ֻôӿռָóһļݸʦǰɽõģ˵Ѿмˣʺļҩ
ȻƲļҩģܻԪʯˡ
ջδ˵ֱ꣬ݣЦ˵ʦţ֤Եĸ߸˵ġ
ղȣŮ˱ٶȣǱȷ黹졣
ʵ޵߾ԽߣԽϣγ˺͹ҲֻǺͽɭ˵顣ɭȴԺĿһģ޵·ͲߣԽԽխҲΨмߵߵľ磬뷨ǣѧؾΣգһȥǾôΣգ㲻ˡ
ɭǵԺԺǲýɭǶ¡
ǵԺĳǣԺ˸˼㣬˽»Ƕ¡
Ҫ֪ؾѾγ̫ˣЩǹǧģѧܴȻõٵĺô
ɭôһ˵ϧԼޣ㲻һȥˡ
ԵԺǣǰʾԺ˲ҩԺˣԺִҪ򣬾ʮѧֺԪʯ
£ԺǣһʱûԺ˿ɶ
ǵԺʿǱߣȻԺЩ˵ĲǾǻá
һȺޣ˵ǿЦ
ҲʱԺһС顣
ԺһĵѧΪĸˣͨ޵ߵԵʣȲ˴ԺܶˣԸػֻҲΪ˵ѪҺҲ²˲ԸںԺиŮ޶ãͶŮء
Ů޿޺ıȴ˵ԼûôԪʯҪȥժ
ȻӦ;ȴޣΪ˱Ůޣ˶
ʵֻҪһŶĻܽ⣬Ůȴ˵Լ޹أĵûκԼжˡ
ֱϵļѾ׵һ룬űԪ쳣
ϵĶҺ͸̫ԴʱĻѾûˣҪĻܳ׵Ľ
ûôԪʯԺѧ߰˰˴Ԫʯѧ֣׼ʵԺҩʱ򣬵Ժȴ˵ĵҩˡ
£Ժѧ飬׵ļŭԺѧǣϲĽԪȥˡ
ǻðû»׷ʦ㣬أԺ˶ŽԪ˵⣬˭
ǻã͸޶ĥȫǰɣڲû𣿡
ǣԺѧͣã

101 ǣ

̫վڽԪߵ޽ģΪֺЩƣԺĻнԪݳΪֵܡ
ЩȻ޵߹ﶼģǰӺƣҲ˲ԵҲΪʲôԺѧԸԪʯĹҩԭ
ȻҲеΪֻȬˣۻ˽֣ŲԸĳԪʯ
ΪʲôԭԪʯ֮Ҳ˳
ΪռˣŽӽʦֵģôʦ̰ͼɫĺۣЩʦ׬еѧֺԪʯΪ˻ƾżľ磬ô޶򲻹
ڵõ˱ȥǸĶ䣬ֹ˷ɱ˷ֻ䱩ߡʦΪ˱ŻᱻЩصĻˣ
˵˫ֶǿֻĶ䰡ʹʦޣѵ͸ûĥѵ֪Щ˶𣿡
µĲĶҺƴʱ˵ʹ˵ܶǰųͷ޵ߣһǧֻĶȥˣٵᱻʹŵĲٷ
Ҫɱһǧֻ򵥣ȴֹǰĶ
ΪĶ̣޵߷Ŀǡ
˭󣬵ʱôŻġ
ǻһᶨģֱ޺ˡ
ʵԺҲһС˾ĴΪʹȡ˷Ҳնɱ˷Ҫֶ֪һʧȥ˷ֱӿ񻯵ģû׼ЩĶеĻ񻯳Ķ䡣
ǣΪȴġ
С˲ҳﲻҲֹֻȻǾͻᱻΪŽᣬᱻԺ˹
ʦû˵ѪҺ޺Χˡĵͺ𣬡£Ҫȫһֱƴ
¹ԺҲûк飬ûоԼҪΪʲôչ˰꣬ڼ䱻ЩĥļΪ߼
ǿ֪һܳΪˣ
ĿվԼԶĵԺŮޣֵʦ˰ʱŰѶѹȥڵĶҪ׵ҪһöĻǶĵʦһö˵Ҳ׾٣ǲϸʦ֣ʦҪԪʯвʦ֣͸¶ȥЩϢ
ǲûģЩǰǰΪ㸶˶٣Ϊ㶪㲻ԸΪƵҩҲˣ͵ʦǣȻõԺˣҩǣ
ҪȺץסǸСŮӣݺݵһ١
ԺĵĻҲЩԥҪҪĺ顣Ͼ˵Ļ
վȺһ׵ĳȹŰ׺ɻһģ
ģˮˮˢ֦ͷϵĻǶƵҡҡ׹
ʦ֣ôܺأ΢΢һգۣˮ˳ջػ䣬Щһֱ׷ңҼζ˵ҺĲܣ֣˵ԪʯңҵţΪ˵ѪҺӹŹ֣´֪ԲûбסʦãȻϣʦǺõģʹԺˡ
Ҳ߼Ҫȥ޺ΧñҲɵ飬Ĺңȥ˶䣬㺦ңôͱҵĴˣ
Ĳ㺦Ұ
޵滨꣬ٷԺޣ̫ˡ
ȴĴЦʦֵĸȻˣɲĸҲĴĿҲûǱ߶ϵ֪ʦ˲ܻӭҪ׷Ϊʲô·
УͷǲǹɷζĵߵĵʦǶŲ𣿡
һһҲҺȥǱ߲һ飬Щʦֵѧֶȥˣѵ
˵Ļ󣬿޵ĸˡ
Ϊ֪ȥǰתƻĿ꣬ѧԺìܡ
Ҳڲ֪ĵĸĴĿ˭뵽أ
˵˲вٺݣôûҪݶҪԪʯأʧˡ
֪ǵԺѧʦֵȻʲôǴġ޵ļҪڹȥˣƲĻľȲʦ֣ʦֺαΪأ
ʦֿҲ˳ۣвұõԺ㵤ҩô뿪¹Ժͺˣ
˵꣬˵ϡ

102 

ôһΣʱˡ
ԺԺ޶һȺç򣬹￴ޣҴ³ֲ
Ҳѹֵ¬ϣ뿪Ժ˵ԺЩҲδ̤Ժ벽
Ů޴󺰣̫Ϊ޾ͺ۸
治Ҫ׷ʦ㣬ʦΪʦԿͻʦ뿪ԺΣ
ǵԺŲᱻɱΣҪΪʦ𡣡
Ժ˱һֱЩûٱԺ˰裬ﻹ̵ȥѧԺ˶֣Ժĳϡ
ֱŷϳסΧˣѧԺ˲ͣˡ
Ժ֪ʲôϧڶֵʱ򣬼ʹǶŮʦҲ˿顣
ЩŮޱޣóڶԳʱЩΪ͵Ůʦ˲Ƥˡ
ʦϧҲǽģҲһСС˿ڣŶʮֵ
ŷڵ֪ĴԺԺºֱӺǳһ䣬
ٺܿ죬õĹ٣һĽ£ôıɡһĽԪ״ֱӱ˹һЩ׭лһöĻĸʹը˲ٵķ׭ǵĵǰȴɱŷϵһƴֱѪȥ
ŷֻ۸ѧıҴ򣡡Ҷܸʱ򣬿ԼĵδһʱҲˣ̧־ͺŷϴˡ
ֹУ
ҶҲǸԪӤϣȻΪʵȴγ׵ıߣŷҲû׬ʲôˣֱӱѪ
Ϊ¹ԺԺѧԺ֮С£ΪĹͳ޺ҲһֱͣҲûʲôá
û뵽Ҷܺŷ˵ۿŷҪҶܴˣò档
ʱպͽɭҲˣΪԺԺڱչأԸ֪飬¬ˡ
ˣѧǶºַԸԺѧĺһϢĽԪŶҶܺŷǳǶ¹Ժĳϣֳ飬˭Ц
ȥɽչɽһ£ûһ£ٻ
üԺΪʲôľ
ʲôʵģգҲżŭΪԺԺúõĹܽԺѧȴԺ£㻹ˣգ㻹˼˵Щٺȼ̳ӾƣѼҾҪոˡ
񻹲𣿵ԺԺΪʲôἤìܣΪ
޵ʲôԹڼϵ𣿡
й¶ؾ飬ԶҲûκκԴǡ
ջҪվߵĽɭקקڣվû˵
¬ŽɭΪѵģȰ»СȥЦ
ХԺǰͲ¹Ժҡ
ϲڵ¬˵Ҳû˵ʲôŷ¬һ뿪ˡ
Щ֮պͽɭŶҶ˵ίˣ
Ҷ̾һʲôίģҪȥɽչޣû취չԪǸˡǸģЩһֱʵ鵤Ժ̫֣ǶȻԵġ
ҷſĳӻģôľûˣôƽ㽻Һúչӵġ
˵ҶܴóһӽգһöеԪʯȫļҵˡԺһҪȾ⼸ӡ
Ҷϵĺûн⣬Ϊ˲ɺٵΪÿ¶ҪòٵĵҩݣЩѹûʲôԪʯ
ɭϵԪʯ󲿷ֶ罭ڱչأȻҲòʲô
ա΢еԪʯȥˣԪʯȥ⼸ӡ
İɣնҶ˵һչ˺ǡ
Ҷȥ˺ɽղźͽɭҽ˿ʲôˡ
¹ԺҽҲǸޣЩûٱԺշǲġ
ѧ壬ⲻ̫Լĵȼˣ
ԪľȻûȫϵҪȬͷһЩʳټһļ鵤Ҳļ鵤Ĳ鵤ҲУ鵤ҪżƷĵҩЧģͨĲ鵤СҽĿĵϣƤ񣬸һĻˡҲûԪʯôಹ鵤ͲҪˡ
˵ҲպͽɭӦĻᣬתߡ
ãպͽɭ뿪ٽȥ̽ԪԪ˵Ժϣþҡ
ȾĺİɡŲĺ޿κεľļƷ鵤ÿһŵļ۸񶼲ˣĲ鵤õȴļݡȻĵҩȴļҩ𲻴󡣡
̫ˡ
ԪңΪѡ
̫ڶ£ùⶼ̲ס̾һ

103 

PS:лikunizhuzhu״͵100ңտΪӸ½ڣǳлף
лС԰׵ƱΪͣ磬Ըڽղϣ

ԺǣȻЩ壬ȴȫ޶ġ
ƩԪģظ顣
Ԫӹֱô˵Ĵˡ
ʵĵһ̣иͷǡΣˡ
ʹ֪ĽĸԼ룬ҲԼ
ֻû뵽ǻˣѾǺ˵ġ
Ժ޵ǣﶼܽжԪʯȥ鵤أһǼƷĲ鵤ʹǵԺҲô࣬湺˵ļ۸ˣֻҪЩԪ;ÿ¡
ô࣬úõˣҵȻ͵ҩƷĲ鵤ʱҲͷѣΪԺôС¶˵ġ
ΪȥԪʯպͽɭְο˼һЩ󣬲żҴҵ뿪
һߣľ͹ڽԪĵǰҶԲǣҺǡ
ʦʲôΪԪܶ˵仰ľֱȥˡ
ʦ֣ϣҲΪֹĶԲԣġ
붼û룬ͷţȻ
Һ㣬Ԫʦ֣˵иͬͬĵͷ˵Ҳ˵˵ġ
ҲǳµġĺۿǸ˵лĵʱһΪǹŮޣŻ˵ġ
ôŮޣԪ˵ǵĸףŮްң㶼֪СʦöҵЩ׭û
ҵȥллסõĲ֣ҼǵҲЩݹȥɣǲûеʦȴһЩ
Ϊסɭָܲɼٵݣǲóݶֱȥģʵպܲ
ǣЩݳȥᱻѹѹĺܵͣЩ˻ᱻ޵߲񣬵ū۷Щ˲䲻Ͷ·ǾԲݵġ
ĵĸ׵ĸףߵһĵĸЩҲûٰ˲ݣ޵ߵݣûбǹֵѹ۸񣬻ʮǰĸ׵Ĳͳ׵ļֲȥˡ
˲ԺӣϿԴӽ¹ԺҲδ￪ҪʲôΪ˵ڳʸĸȡǿɳܵĴڣǻᱻݺݵ𷣵ġ
ΪλֵܣԸɳܵĴڣ󲻵ðҲԸͷġ
ںЩģȾԼԪȻ֪ԲǻǼ˵Ҳܿǳ¡
˶ĬˣԸԼҲԲֵܣȴֲԼ¡
ҿԽ𣿡ţԪʦ֣ڵģ԰ɣ
ӣԪϽᣬĺĶ˸ɫЦ˵ڵģʦôˣɡ
Ϊ˷ˣǴʱס˽ɭŵСԺҲǷһЩҵġ
˽ȥҲ˵֪˽յ飬żҴҵظ
ݺԼ˸£ڵЦЦʦ֣ʦֺã
ļʹԶԶļιȴôĺ˵Ԫ˵Сʦ˵ĶĿ¹ԺеŮ޶ȲϵľɫɵԿʱȴֻܵͷȥЦݡ
ǰÿɺ͹ԱҶƲϡ
ãáĺĶЩȹòЩε˵ʦúã
ݸҲǹ͵ʦǵ̸ģֻҾλʦֺα˵ľأ
ĵҩͺˡ˵ֻǣҪһЩļݡ
֪ǵʦҲֻǸĵʦʦĵʦ̫ľ롣
ЦԺˣǲƵҩģ̫ˡ
Щúʦ˵ģɽʦ˵㲻ϲ˵ٻҶʵ˵ľǳ˻һܣļݲңֻĵʦ̫ˡ
һҪƷĲ鵤ɼʹļĵʦҲ˵ڶ̶̵ʱڣƳƷĲ鵤
Ʒĵҩǿġ
ۣƽͣȻݣô׼ʮɣƳ鵤
ұ֤̫ļƷ鵤ʮöͨĲ鵤һƳġ
ȻʦֺʦϵĶ˿ڣʦֵģһƵġ
ӿǰļˣʦֺʦȬ󣬱׬һЩԪʯʱٹһЩݣôǰҲܽˡ
˵ɣǰ꣬ȴǾĿɿڴ
ʹԪعҲ̲סŮʦã鵤ĵҩңƵģ

104 

PSΪ˷ֹ22Ҳͣ磬ǰյ¡

ȴε̾һʦˣǵʦȻ֪鵤ĵҩ
ѾʦľһЩˣȴʼսӴļʦϡ
ЩӣԪʯ˲ٵѧ֣ҲڵԺĲ￴˲ٵ鼮Ϊһ鼮д̫ǳֻܹԼȴҲΪʲôܴļʦϵԭ
ʱ֪ԼΪʲôܵļʦԭˡ
̫ˣΪûиϡ
Ĺ˲̤߼ò˶ٶȣʵϹȴ֪ÿһôļ
Ϊ̫࣬Ҫȹ̻Ҫͨ޵ߵļ
ҲΪȹ̵ĺãҩƷҩļʺܸߡ
鵤ҲƹļƷ鵤ȴԼˡ
һöǻƵģȻǼƷģȴҲǸ߼ҩӿռָóݸĺ󣬲˵ϣλʦΪұܣҲ빫
£ԪΪ̫أҪŵĴӴϹˡ
Ϊֹʦ󷨺Ͷķ׭ȫܵ޵ߣҲֻ˵ȴûۼ
˭ţȻķϲأ
⡭ĽӹݹĻҲһöĸ߼ҩ뼫Ʒĵҩֻһ㣬һΪʦñܡ
ֻⵤҩʦҪԪʯأ
ȻԸǣ޹»ΪǵĹŮ޽ӦñԲԸռıˡ
Ц˵˲ݺܶ࣬ʦֱΪɡңʦңô󶼿ﻻҩ
ҵɹʲߣǣƳĵҩԺļ۸񣬱ضǸһЩֻǣֻĵҩʦֿԻȥʿȻŹݵĺûᣬҪ֪ʹеƹҲҪ˲ϵϾı̫࣬˭ֲ׬Ԫʯأ
ֻЩ˹̫ˣ˽ӣҪʶҲѡ
Ͼ󣬹ڵ޵ߣ˭˵С⡣
ԣ޵ΪԪʯûٲɢӵˡ
ĸĲ䣬ȻҶֵġ
ҲΪʲôĸ˵ԭ޷˼ɵһЩ
Ŀ𣿡仰ۿ׶Ŵˣʦ˵𣿡
ȻЦЦÿΪұܣҪ˵ﻻĵҩ
ȻļĿڹǰ˼ͷʦãԸΪţĺлл㡣
Щޱߵĺʹĵĸ׵ĲĴеһÿȴΪҪԸޣ˲ˡۿһϲժҰ͸Ů޵ѪҺȾۡ
֮Իᵽ¹Ժ޷ѧһЩȻ󱣻ˡ
ֻ̫ûˣֻԺһֱûʲôҩȥƭɾѧ֡
ΪǸһֱҰŮʱǲ֪ôܾ
ҲǡҲ˹ǰʦãܾλʦ֣ռʹҪҵҲġ
εҡͷַ̧ˣҪǵʲôЩӽʦҲչңȻΪʲôңҲǰװǵģϾҪԼ׼
׼ˣɽƶϵ︽ңÿնǱߡ
ץƷʼǶʧˡ
ΪʼļĵҩҪƣ͵
ڹߺ˻Ȼչ˺ýԪպͳ˵Ҫؼһˣ뿪¹Ժ
ʲôĵĸ˵¹ԺȻߵԺ˵ˣǸģ޲ɱȴɱ֮Ļŵˣ˵Ժĵʦ
ĸףСһЩŵĸϽס죬Ҳ˲ʲôˣʦò֪
˼ĵ˵ͷķſԼѹʣǵʦôᵽԺأ
ʦãǱݺġڹݺ鲢ϡ棬ĺ˵һκ󣬲Ÿ̾¼ҵ˲ҪǸ˵ϲʦãȴɶ顣
ô˵ʦãϾǹڵĴ£һģĵʦ𣿺ӣĿˣ
ĵͷĸ֪ҵģʮİգôܻ˵Щ
ƣƿڸҷʦ͸ҵĻ֮ǰõĲֶѾȬˣֻЩ̺ۡ
ȻţһСȻĵʦҲ֪ԼĺӣԲƭԼϵˣ֤һС
ǲ䣬ˡ

105 Ȧ

Ϊ˹ĽֻĴʮ鵤ݺһЩԪʯ
ľЩԲΣҲ֪ûв鵤֣ĸǲԼ
ĸȻǲĿʵڲ˵ȴû̫ķ
úӡĵĸļԼĺӳüҲεȰοĸײǲ㣬òҲ֪ЩɭĶѣ
ﻹһЩļݣø˵ʦЩҪ͸ģϾ㡣
ļ˰οԼҲ˵ʲôлס
úӣίˡıԼĺӣҲ˼޿κΣίһҪߵʹƴҲΪָġ
ĸȻϿΪã֪ºĿһҹţǻ¹Ժȥ
ĸǰΣһȢʱ򣬵ڶαڡ
ļ˰ӣ
ĺڼǰ¶һ棬˵ôһȴҲ̲ס˳
Ĳûڼ̫ͣã¹Ժڣȥ˹
ŵͼϵ棬Щͷ۵ţƺԽԽˡʱ˹
һֱ֪˲ݲ٣ȴû뵽˿ʱڣ׼öʮ鵤ݣвļݣ͸
ʦãǸĿŹЩŵ˵ûøĻ
ĸܽ
Բ𡣡
ЦЦѾܺˣһôܻһСأһԺˣ
Ҫ֪ʮ鵤ݣʹеƹģҲôࡣȻأԼҲ˵׵һӣʦǲæĻһɣ
ĵҩʱ򣬻һɵ㣬ҪεЩɢȥ
˵кܺõν磬ԡ
ȻԣĶԹΣͷĸ׽̹Щ磬ܸ㻤ģ
ãش𣬰װӷŽ˿ռָʦָ߰ɣ
ľȣ𣿡
Ȼأģʣʦֻ飿
ҡͷûУ
ǵʦƵҩʱ򣬲Ҫ׼ܶණ𣿡
Цûôི
ɽ󣬲˶ˣ̲ס˽ô󵽹Ǳȥˣ
㶼ԺСʦùǶĵʦĻȥҲġ
ǲ鵤ĵҩƵַʮֵĸӣһĵʦʲô
˭֪أиʦǣܱҲҩҪǿɣ
Ҳǣ
ϢܿҲĶȴЦĻǲͶҽ
ǹб£͵ǵԺˣôԺ˰ѧϰأǳ飬ŷˣԲ˶Թԡǲˣں޲ϵĶշȫá
ʦܡĻȥԺģҿǺˡ
һߣΪҲ
û´ĻĸǱɽһġ˵Ȼɽ˲Ĵ˲ʵģһȴĻ̡
㻹ǲҪĸ㻵ϵԸģ
кܶ䣬ĸΪĸɽ˲
Ȼɽ˲ĴͣЩչֳʵȴ
ǵŽǿҲ̡ܻ
ŵĻʦܣ㲻㲻˵Ҫң
ȻҪ㣬ʹʦΪ˻ȥɽˡ˭ҵСĸأϲɫԺú󣬾ͺһָ̧գҲȥİ
Ҹ˵Ļԭԭĸľˣ
ȴ֮Աǡ
޷ƹ
ȻԸҲ֪йϵΨбġ
ǵô֮Ǹѹˡ
ǣôԬδһأǸŮӳһգʲôܱȵ
Ƿơ
ţ˵ȴʼ»ҵĻҲˣ
ʮϵ̧ӣ̾Ϣһ˶ˣô᲻Ļ
ԣһάġ˵ȥ
ʱŹݹö鵤׵ɵۡ
Ϊö鵤öǸ߼Ĳ鵤
߸ݣֻɹ¯Щϧ˵ʣµǿö鵤ȴһмƷġ
ҵȹղܼƵҩѾˡ
û̫꣬ۡ
ʵƳĵҩֹţűѩ͵ˣٱȲѩ
Թ˵ЩʱЩΣϾĺͽԪԣǾĶ

106 

ļʹٱ׾Ҳϴŵ֮ɫ
ȴᣬΪԼǵڴ
ĸϽԹ˵ʦãĺˣ
ҵĸȹһλǵļʦλʦҲ˵ҪƵҩĺ͹˵£ҲʮݣƳһ¯ĵҩһ¯ҩҲţЩҩȫͨģ
׵ʱܸмλʦλʦٰһЩҩǺλʦ֪ĸǱɽ˲Ŀ󣬾ʨӴſڣҪݡ
ĿЦɽȻвٵݣҪҲ̫ˣĸܾ֮
ֺ۾ˣʦ֣ðһ䣬ﻹ𣿡
ݶ޵кܺõ洦һ޵ߵֻߵԶݣԼ۸񲢲ߡ
ΪҲ˺ܶ鼮Ӷһ±﷢һֿݵķ֭ҺƳɵҩҩЧĺáֻ±صģҪݣбϵôˣʹ֪ȴҲΪ
֮ǰͿǹҪȥռݣ֪ԼǴչԪʯǲһ˵Ļɡ
񣬻
ȻеģĶԹû˿ǧݣôѪʵûʲôõġЩҶѵͼݶڲֿ
ЩЩĲõջ𣬲Ȼûи߹ϾǸ޵ߣˡ
ͼݿﻻһĵҩ˰ݵݣﻻĵҩƵҩݣҪԼ׼Ϊλ߶꣬ȻܺúõĿסԼı飬Ҫʦȥѯʿ
ıΪõ鵤ٴľϲɾţڹ˵仰ʱȴЩ
ʹǧݵݣҲĵҩ
뵱꣬λļĵʦֻĵҩ뻻˲еݣıһٽ
ƺ̫һЩ
ҡļ˵ҿ϶
ʦ֡ĵĻȻȥʿ
Щεͷӣο϶ʦôϢ
ãҵʦִҺϢЦ˵ʦֿȥʦֺʦְɣЩ鵤ʱǵˡ
ԣֺ͹˵ллתͳһȥ
ĸ˻ˣεʱ򣬶ûԼ˻ôĺ顣СŵԼסĵطȴԶԶĿһŮվڲԶ
Χ˶ǸŮޣź⡣
һŷǸŮ޾Ȼ
ĵĲԾ˫ü
ƽĶۣԿƾɫǸ֮һժֻԶԶĿţη˼
ʮֵסڸڵС÷һ֪Сˡ
ԺҪѡһ˵Դ󲿷ֵ˶ѡŮӡ
ӭ磬Ů
ֻǣЩӲףܶܿ棬Ǳӽ飬෴¹Ժ󲿷˶֪ͼ顣
ԪȻҲշȴҲûΪ̫ࡣ
ԪҲ˵Լá
ȴûи߽ԪǸϲԼժ͸ԼС
ΪҶܱ𷣺ļʹҲûȥԺ鷳ȴȻԺʹΧ˶ƺҲη塣
ôת㳯һȥ
Ը˵ȴסģȥ
ʲôǲƣҲģôʹһᱻϳ¹ԺҲݺݵһ١
ĵΪȻһЩΪ˻ٸһЩӣܻصǰľ硣һ̤ߣѹĶ֡
ôôףüͷ̫³ˣ
ûٽĻתҪ뿪קס䣬ǲǺҪ鵤
֪ûԪʯЩ鵤ԺҲǣΪǺŷϱѹǣи취õ鵤
ŭЦûǴֻһĵʦ
ȻЩķ̣ȴòķԸѹ˵ֻҪýʦȰĽԨ޴ף֮ףôʦԸö鵤Ϊл
˵𣬹ӽԪΪֳ룬϶Ȱɣ

107 ĿĲ

ĵԺ˲֡޳ܡ
Ȼһֱ֪¹ԺЩҽȻ˵Ǵ򣬵ʵȴǿóȴҲڴˡ
޵ߵʵﵽ󣬵ˣ֪Ҫ޲ʲôطѹҪЩνҽ
ЩҽΪԺѧ׼ģƤˣϾҩ
ȴһȺǣȺҽмոµĻƫԺڻй¶ԺϢԺ֪
ڲ鵤飬պͽɭûи߹ԺˣԺй¶ϢģȺǡ
һֱ˵ΪǱϲͷô˵ɵˣ
ҲãʦʴĽôøöĲ鵤˵ЩʱҲЩģַϲŮޣⱲǶ̤ҪΪʦĻҪԴ̾硣Թ⣬ʲôԴ
޸ʦܣô¼ҵ̣ʦܵӡ¼ǹеĴ壬ȻĺôԴҲá
˵ֿһģ㻹ԥʲôͽԪǿĻȻͬġ
ʦܱĽԨ޴Ǹı֪ǿ˶١ǲ֪ɣĽԨ޴һֱϧַ̫ôֻƳһı͵¯ǿǿһһʦ˳ĿһЩȵʦܣ
ʦǵʦ¼Сɫһңʦ常ȢӱǹСʦõСùãⲻϼ𣿡
˫΢΢˫ۣģҲ뿴ŽԪǰɣ
ֲҪǸٻαԥأԺ޵Ů޲С𣿡
ƨıִ۽ԪģĻ֣ʵ̲סˣʦôã޸
ӳƣֲóˣǾ仰ѾٵĴʻ㡣
ʶô꣬δĴ³ӳƣʹҲᷴȻΪһݺݵԼ
ǹ
Թ޵ҧгݣΪ۹⣬ǰ˳ӵģΪ˹ˣνܣ
㡭Ҳ˫ۣΪΪʲô˵Щ
ģǿĲ鵤ƲģΪ㲻ھεĻţȥϢȻΪһŮң
ǰ飬ȷҲҵĲǣվĴ㲻С¶õĲ֣Ԫô֪ǵ飿˵ĵ˱䣬ǲǹ¶˿ڸԪģ
ıͷۻһʱ֪˵ʲô
ȷóԴǣֻܵۿ
ôҲû뵽Լ˵ĺã䵽Ľȴ
˿˿ڣֺαرչأ
Ψбչˣ۵˻𣬲Ųᱻ˷쳣
ϸıܣȴˡ
㡭ʲôδ˱ŭӣƺһ̾ҪסԼĲӣ˼֮Լúõ룬ҪסԪģҪֺù
˵꣬Ⱦܡ
ļ뿪ֻܺԼּҪԪĵҩԼҴҵص뿪ʱѹûվڲԶϵĴɫԲ۵ˡ
ԪģܾȹƵҩٶȣҲڴʱףΪʲôҪǱˡ
ûв´ĻٹһЩǻ̤ļʦľˡ
Ĳ鵤ŽԪһ䣬ʦ֣Ҽǵ˵Сʦòֹǵʦ׭󷨡ûǴĻ񻹲ʮˣ
ţʮԪȻȹ˵ȴҲòϣЩʵ
˱ˣʮ꣬ΪȵĺʦҪ
˵Ϊʲôȥɽץ氡ĵ˫۶ˣʦ㷽˵ͬ㽲ҪȢСʦã
ǳ룬⣡
ҺͽʦֵѾûʲô󰭣㻹Ǻúõıʦðɣӽ
ԣԼĴȣǰӦȥúñʦá
ϣĺͽԪĶһµ뷨Ҫúõչ˹
֮չҪϢȥɽƶϣĵҹ˼óһżƷĲ鵤ĸ׵ǰ
ĸףСʦýƵĵҩĿǼƷĲ鵤

108 

Ϊɽ˲ĿȻĲ鵤ʲôӡ
ĵҩЯһɵĵ㣬Ǹճ¯õҩ
ĺϢʵĵĻûʲôɣĻ¹Ժ㼱ҴҵؿĴ󷨻һ˱ɽ䡣
ȻĸڴΪ£˵ӵľԲ˵ٻġ
ڴＱҴҵغͱɽ˲ĳһ飬׼˲ݸϽװݵĿռָȥ¹Ժ
ʱЩ㵣˵ףƵҩҪӣһվɵѽ
㼴ʹټҲøʦʱ䰡ǵóݺһٸ鵤Ҫݣǵʦôϡ
ڴΪ꣬ȱɽ˲֣ȻҲʶٵʦЩʦһܽƳĵҩȴʮֵҲԴЩʦСģԼ˻ǡ
޵߶˵ĲƺãҲǶԵʦǵӶ˺͵ʦǵ
ЩޱĺֹǱɽڵ޵ʱʧأҲһ
˶ɽ޲һλפļʦ䶼ʮֵҩǿս
鵤ĺöǶ̫Ҫˡеʦ˺õڴô᲻أ
֪ڵʲôʵֺγ֪޵ףһҪٽأڴ̾һһ˫̺۵˫֣һţﲻˡ
޽ٵסҲ˶ˡԼʹƭҲöĲһѣ
һǣһ·أ
̧ͷվԼǰĸףһʱҲЩ޿κΡ
Ͻȥɡó鵤ˣһҪȥʦ˵һԲ𡣡ڴ̧֣ķ˿ڰοŮһίˡ
ҲίЦŻشڴΪɽĿȻñǡ
ģһ
ʱļĸŲ鵤ۿȴһֱ˵Ϊĸﻹڻɣ˵ĸףСʦƳɹġ
ƵҩʱҰæ˵һ壬ó硣ļĶţͣƳɹʱ򣬵㶼˳ʱһ룬ΪʲôʦûһҲ֪ԭһô൤ҩҲѹẦµй¶ȥ
ĸףҪңҸģаԣضʬΣҡ
ҴҵĻع̧־סĵ죬ӣ˵ʲôأ
ĸ㣬ĸȻģӣżȰοɵӣʵСʦúܴѹҪҪģۿƵҩɹ
ܴĵǣҲܺʽס
ò˵Щֺףϲ̹ϡ
˾ϲֱӵĽףϲı͹Ĩǡ
Ϊ̫ˣ
׼һݣаһǧǧһٽóһöռָݸģСĺ˵ָø˵ʦǿԵĻһҪ֮ǰΪ׼õҩһҪĲ鵤ʵĺһǶҪһգΪʱ̣ʱֻЩ
ıԼĸ׵Ĵֱŵһ㵣ĸף⡭ô࣬ռָôװ£
游ĿռָȻװµġûиģʵɽ˲ȷЩݸ鵤ֻ鵤ļ۸̫ͣĸûдӦ
ǹʱĳ֣գĸ׻ĻӦ
һݣ鵤ֻܻʮöͨĲ鵤öҩͰöһҩƷʶͨûһöƷġ
鵤֪˲䳣걻ϮԲ޼ɵ۸ˡ
߹˵ʦݺٹ黹ռָͺá¹Ŀռָ̫Сֵúӣٰĸ״һ仰˵ʦǿԵĻ̸̸Щܻٵҩ
ĺԼĸ׵Ļ¹ԺͼҴҵҵԼĸ׵⡣
ǲԼϾŽ˵̹ϣֻû뵽Ȼóôݣ׼˺ܾһ
ЩˣռָӦðºҾܹ黹û͸¶ԼĿռָ󣬶ĥһ˵׼˵ĺȻȥ

109 

ҹһȥ¼ҡ
Ϊ⼸ջĺƵԸڵǶڲ²ǲǳʲô顣
ڿźɫĹĵһʱ¶˺۹⡣
Ůκò붼ɫĶסˣǴܿĳһϸŮӡ
ź¼ҵԼŮӻؼңһԵúǼ
źĳϹ£˵ˡ
Щ׾Ȼûв³ЩʲôȻˣȴҲû˵ʲô
֮ǰͺ˵ˣøˣǵʦ顣
İѹ͵ĸסԺ󣬾ĸϹ£κ˶й¶յ顣
ϹܼһҶҶӣתȥԸǣ˵СԲź¼ҵǶʵϹµĻҲûۡ
Ȼû뵽֮졣
ΪĹĵʦԸ׵ĳͣҪݷܶΣŻ¶档
Ѿ׼öȴ֮졣
Ͻȥӭڣȥɷƽ᲻úȵǸ˵ʦдܡ
ڣǶȥ󣬲ƿ˶ñ
ӳǰһС˫Ư۾ɽȪˮ鶯̺飬ӯӯˡ
Сʵ̫ÿˣ˺ܾãֱЦŻش𣬡ˡŻع
˭ϲõҲ⡣
ЩòŮ޵ߣȴδ͹һ˫ġ
û뵽˵ʦ֮죬û׼ÿʳϴż֮ɫһΪ˵ʦ׼Ǹġ
Ҳ˵ĹĵʦλܸߣߵﶼءҲǵһܵʦԻЩϰߡ
˷꣬ʱҲ鲻ģʵҿ߿öռָǵõһºܹ黹׼˶ĺȻǸлġҲĥһᣬһҪʦһĴ𰸣һΪṩʮö鵤мƷĲö׼ʮöĵҩһĵҩ㿴Σ
ҩݣҪԼ׼ʮö鵤ҪʮݡڶĵҩһĵҩͲÿ׼ˣѾƺˡ
̧֣óʮƿǰҵĳ⡣
ž
ֱϷŵĲյ˵ϣ˴̶
΢΢һ㶣ΪĻ⣬һЩŵ˵Ǹ˵ʦʧˡ
ȻǺõģҡԼһҪ򶨣ǹⷬô򶨵أôҲû뵽׼˶ĵҩǣ˵ʦ汱ɽлл㡣
˵ţվŹһ
ΪԼϣΪ˱ɽˣʹڹǰҲԸġ
ֻҪԼ£˵ǲҪνϣҲԹԡ
ҪǣԹĸԸġ
ڲ鵤ݣһ˵ʦ׼һٸۿ΢죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴֶ̧ҡͷ
ʮҰɡվҺͿҲǵһҲ֮ģЩҶ⡣ԣЩҩƳɹ󣬿øݡ
˵֮Ĳ鵤ǿԸݸҵĻôҲǿ԰￤Ƶҩġ
ȻлأȻܱ˴̫ڲɣǸеĽҲҪеġ
˶٣ҺͿĽףһֱЧεҩ뱱ɽ䣬Ҳ뿤ұܡ
Ҳվ֮ϣȻģǱǰҵЩڱҪʱҲΪͺ޵ǵڷͬʱҪסޡ
гһĲˣô޻Ըı޵ߡ
ϧʹ޵ȴɱǰͷԣȫ֮顣

ֹڰǣҲõΪԼƽ·ԴҪǱɽ˲Ĺס˲˵ĹڰǵʱҲڰԼߵǡ
飬Ѿôˡ͹飬ǻһ˻زһĵʦҲֻ֪ǲ˵ʦ֪ľݡ
˺̽ӵĿⶼϣע⵽˵ʦֻ߱һĿ
ãİ취
ɽ˲ĵҩȻ˲Ļɡ

110 ټ

ϲߵϲƿС
Ľ飬ͬ
ֶȻܴ棬Ҳ鷳
ڵ鷳
һΪĽ׿ԳãڶõҪĶݵݡ
˻޵ߣ̰
Ҳ⡣
ͬĽ飬ֺ֮ϣⰵʾ˼䣬ϻ۵֪Ҫʲô
ʾݵʵһֱڱɽ˻ҵĲֿνûʲôĻеȻ͵С
ϾݵݺǧݵĲһʮֵĹأҶҲʮá
Ȼҩ洦һЩɱϾǿǿܶʵĶһֱǻڱܡ
ԴҲеʮֵıǸϾֻһҲûûȥ㹻ĵҩɽ˻Ȼ׵ðա
ЩҲƭˣǲóȻòδİȥðա
⣬ֻ϶֮øԼҲĿء
˹˼ҵĺ뿪ȹһһֱĬɷۿ΢졣
ĸ磬ǲоˡαͨŮӸߴ󣬶üҲ㣬ЩֿϲȻᡣ
Ķԣλø
ĺͽԪϵϺã˽½ԪֲԺЩһŮʮֵĲҲ
Լ˵ԼһҲԴԼˣֻԹԼǿ󣬲ܱԼֵܡ
˽£Ҳͬ˵Ĵ㣬飬Ҳͬ˵̸
ʲôöϲڱ˭ǷǣʹҲ˵Щڿ˵Ľʦã޷ʦܻĶ࣬ܳΪ
¼ΪСʦùĸ͹øǱĺܡ
ļ壬ʦü޹ȥ϶ίġ
ĵʱҲֻЦЦȻ֪˵ʦ޹ȥίôô᲻֪أֻЩǲʹգҲҪǿǹ˵ʦҪæʱԲĺȡ
ȭͷ׵ġ
ʵҲΪӵرȳ˸㣬ҲӣܷڰǷǣΪƶʶħ
ĵ츳ߣ̤ľ磬Ҳ˱ȳ˸Ŭֻ޵·ϣֵһıŬҶŬ޵Ҫ츳жһ޶ˡ
Ʃ磬嵱λ꣬õࡣ
ԼҲܺ
Ϊȥɭնɡ
ǣԼļңµĺӡ
š뵽ЩȴǵһЦοӣõġ
֮ǰͬ˵ʦ˵飬ҪϽȥáļʣѡҺ𣿡
ҪתĿ⣬Ȼеʦפɽ䣬ĺҵѡʵһһʦλʦΪ䵽ɭﹶľôɡ
ֻһһʦһò٣ʵڱɽ䣬Ѿûʲôõļֵˡ
ȻĺʴȣǸһڷԡλʦҲ¼źĶ꣬Ĺ
ҪǣҪ汱ɽºֱӷħģԼĺôضǴ
ΪҳϺԣĺŸð
ܿ죬ɽ˲һλڵʦפϢʹ˳
ڱɽ˲Ļҹָչʾһҩñɽ˲ǣʱϣ
Ͷ·˭ֲأ
ҲͬʱӿƵҩٶȣڼҲʼоݡ
ѩİ£ֻαɹˣ֮ΪˣҲûʧܹ
ҺֶºϱųһЩҺ塣ЩҺƺһɶζҲҺųоԼƺȴǰӯ˲٣ɽƶҲɵ顣
˽£˳ʯԼϵɽɽΣǰѾһʮĳʯɽû˿ƣС
ò˵ҺȷǺö
ҲΪҺڶ̶̵ڣֱһԾΪż
ʱԺûκζÿնЦĳڹߣЩա
룬ǲĻûд
ѵĲںԪĵ
˼˺ܾã϶ҲԼķԸûдϢͺ˵ˡ
ΪĵĸǱɽ˲Ŀ˲ȱģǵҩԪʯ
û׼Ϊ˵õԪʯ͵ҩȥӽҪȡøС
ĺͽԪѹں

111 

뵽ЩȻһɷƸС
Ϊȥҹһֽݵ飬ǱߴϢ˵ҵүߵĺܽҪϽȥ߶һ¹ϵ
ȻԸǰ游ˣҲòȥ塣
󿪵СӣλʮֵƫƧڷŵĵҩҲͨȥʱȻ˼λʿ
Ҫǣ˵ӸҲ档
ӸŲٵŮޣǿɫ໻ȡԴԪʯǵΪͣòʮֵ㡣
Щ޺Ů޶ʵһжΪ档ҲûȥӸһ۱ϳЩԹӸ
ʱ򣬹Ӹ޺Ůޣȴһֱߣһһүʲôʱõҩ
棬ʲôҩЩﶼ
ԵЩͷһĺ˵ʦҪϢÿֻܳô࣬Ǽþȥĵطʡ
̬Ⱥܲãżֺǳ⣬Щȴ˿⣬ǸЦӣеΪֺ󣬻ݺ¸
ʱ֪Ϊʲôϲ游ˡ
Щ£ô¼ڹеĵλ϶ˡ
ȻҪ֪嵽ʲôҩֱߵߣһ䣬常
ڿʱֱӸ뿪һ̱л͡
ñҪҩҲܵǣȺ˿ʮֵĲƣе˵¹ԺĵʦȻҲҪҩǿЦ
ɲǣʦأԼ㲻Щҩ𣿻Ҫ
ʦôһоŸǵʦһĵʦ
Ⱥƺѹںʦݣ֪¹ԺѧҲһмӡ
״δ˵ĶԴȻҲŭһ䣬Ǽŵҩ˵ķУ
ӴССȴܿӦΪֵҩκεʦƵĳͨƷʣ
ɳӣȻûʲôöˣǱ˷ѿˣȻƹǻ᲻ˣ߰ɣ
˺üΣҲûʳʲôҩЩЩ˲˵࣬ô֪Ʋأ
ǱҲʲʲôֲͣЩ˵Ĺ
ջû죬ǱϢȥӽ취ù˻飬һ
ĸź˵Ҷòʣضܰɡ
ɣ
Ҳ͸׵뷨һ鲻̫ѡ
ֻû뵽ľȻŹúõʰһžеԼٷӣʮֵ⡣
ʦ۵ĵطȥԺ
Ժ֪ɽɽץ棬Щɨˣȴֲòȥɽƶϡ
ɽɽܴ󣬶Ҳ٣һʱҵ˶ڵͼ︽ץĹ
ͷںڵĳһɫĳ߸ߵͷûκϴŵһɫĳۣװϿѹᾫĴԼŮޡȻʹͨĲͨװȴһ欶˵ζ
ϸӯӯһգ˪ѩϸ塣ΪԵʣοͨŮޣһĨԼͷˡҲ֪ΪʲôܾĹƺɳǵʱÿˣ֦ͷ
ЩƵģڿҲ׵ʧĸɸɾ
Ůޣȷ
ΪѾﵽżľ磬ԱȴǰײΧĶʱѾֻǹδ̤뱻֪ڵʵʶ¶߼ӣȻҪݵĸãװû
˼ұáջԼҵЦʮߵߣ˵
̧ͷҼǵùøѾ¼ˣ¹ӻǻһСɡ
û뵽Լ¶һ棬ᱻľܾǹʹ˼ұô˵ĽЩأ常Ĺʼ¼ҵѪҺʲôҹأ
ң¼ҵºҲ޹أһֱ常Թ˼ұֺαؾǧ֮أ
ʵ˼ұһֱ֪Ҷһĵģ㷽˵Щأ
ĽվҲǵȻһЦѵ¹νĽýʦֵвң
仰Ҳ΢΢һԭѾ͹˵ˡ
϶Ťʵ
ҲΪ˹˼ұúã˵ĽԨ޴ֻһ䲻㣡
Ҳ䡣

112 ͬ

ȴǺЦŷϵĵҩҲǿ̤żĽԨ޴ͻˣţܱĽԨ޴ǿأ
Ȼһֱ֪ΪŮԵʣŮӿԷãŮӵĵλӻһЩ
Ů㹻ʵô˵ҲΪ㹻ǿ󣬶ԻӣŻľ硣
ҪǿŮ㹻ǿġ
Ϊ޵ߵӰ죬ЩССĸۻҲΪ·ϵħϡ
ڣϰЩԼʹ˺޳ܵҲƽ͵˵һ䣬ǸҾǲʺϡ
ңҪķһһ⣬ֻһˣ¹ɡ
ûǴĻйӸмλĺ֪㻹ƻΪҡ
ʵЩϢҲ󽲸ġ
ƵĲԪĺܺãүΪ˳͡
ҲΪүֵãӻңǺ֪ǣ⵼үǵ⡣ҲΪھƺ¶Լ˲Ԫ飬һй¶ҩĵط
ӸŮ޺ǣ׷Զʵνĸ飬ڵ֪ȻҲҵǱȥ
Щ˵Ǻү˫޶ܵõٵ洦ôΪߵ˫ݣ洦Ȼ
ʵ˽Ҳеʦۺ룬Ҳ˲ԪӸһõ˵ǵĵҩʣúڻ̫ʡ
ΪʵӸҲ˲ƵĲԪʲôϣǵóĽǣ뵤ҩ˳Ƕصģַе죬ЩݻԱ
ҲΪȺ˼ҪõʲôǶ˵
Ͼ¼ڹӸҲǸС塣
ôҲû뵽ЩԼĵĺǣԼ˵Ļһ˹Ķôƺ˵ҪùΪԼãڼҵƿĻҲ֪ˡ
ɫʱЩѿԸ޸ңȻһһ⡣
Ź֡
ֻҪһҿ϶ǶϾȺŮ˶ˣôܲ⣬ң˵ĻǺ
ҶĵģЩŮҲĽҶ˵飬ԲŻ˵ңĶһģֻˡ
Цڿ˵ŮǣѹûʵʱЩ˭ǹӸŷȷ¹ԺǲŻֱӾƲ˺Ĺϵ
ǵǸϲʦΪһˣȴڱ˵ֻһЦ
𣿡ֻݸһЦת㳯ɽȥ
ŸϣȴӭԬδ
ʵֹ뷨ԬδҲò鵤ȹͷò˵˵޳ܶȣ˵ơ
ԬδӱŪķңǱߴϢ½ָ̫̫ʦľ磬һԼԼ˽ļ󡣼ǱȻҪ£½̫̫游ȥ½̫̫ȴѹûˡ
ԬǱϣԬδܸϽ£͹ĹϵźԬ̫үѵԬδ񲻶£˵ԬδԼ˵ĵùȴ˿ûж
Ԭδ񱾾ͷƺף˶òʼͨŮޣףΪһССŮȻԼһ𣬻ǳ˵Ρ
ԬδĿһģ¹ԺڹɫŮޣòȴμġ
Ů˳ʵҲʧΪһȤ
˴ʱʮֵΣҲ˱˴˻ͬʱֱ߿ˡ
ӷǳæѹûմǡ
оʼѾһˣеľͶ棬Ժļʦʦ㶼͹飬Ҫ͵ץˡ
Щ˵Ȼôǹȴһδ
ΪĽԨ޴ǰѾչأ׼ͻˡ
ͬ޵ߣԼҺ˲٣ȴֻżţĽԨ޴ȴͻ˼Ϊͻƾʱûа谭һùЩĿɿڴ
ô˵ı̬
ҲΪĽԨ޴ҪͻҲԺǵע⣬ϲôȺׯʼ⵽ĽԨ޴ָĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴˭Ŭֻô̶̵һӣѾΪ˶ʦ
ҲΪĽԨ޴ĽڴԺ˿ĽԨ޴ϣԹ̬ҲùһЩõҪһЩͼıҲܰĽԨ޴ǰ˵顣

113 

Ȼ֪Ժ˵뷨ڽӵһЩиʱҲ˽ܸĽԨ޴
ϾĽԨ޴ܰװ״Һ͵ҩĽԨ޴ҲԪʯȱ
ĽԨ޴ƴӣ˵ʲôĽԨ޴Ҳûа顣
ʵڽʷĽԨ޴治̫ʣǹһĽ
ιԺȡԪʯѧֵʱԺ̲סˣ߹ǱֿʼļˣʦĲȥ𣿡
߹θļ۸ܸߣֹԪʯΪ꣬˵лᣬֻػʳڣõԺٵ˶Ķˡ
߹ûҵʮ֣˵˵󡣲硭
лʦˡٴξܾ˵ĺ⣬ҲǸʦѾЩûƵҩˣȥ߹ǱߣʵҲﲻʲôæ߹Ҳ⣬Ҳǰ²
֪ʦΪҺãҲΪʦֶҺãҺȥЩɣң߹ݵЩɳأ
߹ȷ֣ΪԬδԺ˶̫⡣ЩһȻϷʵľȴѹҲ߹ıĵĸɸɾ
ΪҪռļݣ˽ҲһЩݣҪٵԪʯ͸Ǳ߽˼ͣʵ߹ġ
ʦһϲҴţֱӾ͸߹ƵҩľϣĴ߹⡣
Ȼ߹ҲǸĲصģ˽ȥ׻شԼˣȴû˿ջ񡣷Ϊ߹Ķùܲˬӹ͸󶼲ȥˣ߹Ҳûٽشˡ
Ҳ߹ԭͲôһͲʦľ磬ȴڴʱȻֹ
Դˣ߹ҲԹԡ
ǱԹ͵Ԫʯ̫ˣ߹Ҳðȥ͸󸽽׻شԼˣҲΪݾߣҲˡ
׵ֺγί
߹ԼҪõĸ࣬Ǹ˼䣬ҲĴ
Ĳ߹Լǹһٶ鷳ܸ߹
˽£ԬδԹԬδȻϰȥǳ˹Ƽ䣬һιƶԸ͸ˡ
ȻעЩԬδڵԺôĳ㣬ƺ׻ŮޣΪԬδ񼸺ħˡ
ϧЩ仨ˮ飬ʹԬδδޣԬδƶʵҲ˲Ҳʼ
Ǹ߹ҪӽԬδõĻᡣ
ΪԬδл֡
Щ˵ıùץסᣬټԺ߰æضΪԬδ߹ֵ񣬽ѹǣݷһ˿Ϸ̨Ϸ
ʵҲù죬ԬδһһεľܾôΪǵģܹݣ
ˣΪЩͷԲˡ
Ժ˼ܾҲ˵ʲôϾȻԪʯ£ȴҲ볹׵ļŭ
ǻҪ£ĽԨ޴أ
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ԪĻģǲֹȬˣʵȴǰˡ
Ϣͨ¬Ŀڴġ
ʵ¬˽»ǲԸԹۣڵ֪⼸Ҫ鵤󣬱㿪ʼչƵҩ
ֻǼƷĵҩҪĲֹǵʦԵҩͻϤȣҪٵ¬˲ӣƹ㹻ĵҩ¬ŵҩȥ⼸ӵʱ򣬲ŷ״
֪¬󣬸Ƕ¬˴񣬸¬ǲĵʦԼʦǡ
¬ΪԺĳϣ͵ҩҲǸʮ棬¬ŷͬȻûкͽɭΪһԣ˽ºͽɭĹϵҲ
Щ¬ûٰԺǡ
ҲԺǣʮֵ¬
ɽ˲Ҳ̫˰ɣȻȵһļĵʦʦƵĵҩƷʺܺá
ļĵʦ𣿲ĵʦǿɱ˵
ڻ¬ϵĻǺ¬Կĵҩ˵ʦƵҩַȺܸߣƿػҲܺá
¬ô˵ˣ
ƭʲôȻ¬˵ģ
µԺ˶ˣǸ˭Ԭδ˵õҩԺСʦúһأ
һʲôĽԨ޴Ҫ̤ľˣӳʲô⣬Żѡһ𣡡
ĵʦ
ǣͲ֪˰ɣĵʦʦֵԪʯΪʦ޺ƱʦҪļѹļʦ
ҲǣĽԨ޴ٶȣմﵽļʦľ磬Ҳᾪȣ
ԬδϢʱĵˤ˰ڷһĻƿŵĹɷ

114 ٴ˻

ʶԬδȻãļԬδһֱһ湫ģɲ֪ΪʲôԴ¹ԺԬδ˶ʼˡ
Ԭδ䵭ҲˣΪŮѵ¡
ƻǵԬδ˵ϲԵӣҲԸ
ΪֻйžùƵԼ
ڵԬδɫѿһ˿Թ
ΪԬδôᱻ׺ĸ˵ĸԪʯԬҺֱ˹ȥ׸ǲ߻ħ
Ϊ˹żҵĳ裬Ҳδڹ
˵ĵǲģƿԬδ˻ﻹй
ʹסԼ˫ۣҺãôں𣿶磬ΪĸҪˣΪΪ˹ʯǵˣڲֹףȻ͹ݡ
磬ΪʲôҪң
ԬδüͷŹƣֱȡ֡
㿴ˣۿҺ͹һˣܹ㣬һֱԭȡ֣վȻ߹ǰ󳳴֣߹ֱӰ׸ϻ˹ڣΪ͵ȵŮӴҲܸ߹ź򡣡
ΪʲôΪƶʣ
ΪĲ£֣Ҷ˳Ϊ߹ֵĻᣬԺ˶ˡ
뿴ҵЦһˣ
ҵʲôҪң
Ԭδ񻺻վóһöݸƣǵĶ壬ҹ黹㡣յҲƽϣյϣ㻹󳳴֣ôһʦΪ
Ҳ֪ģʦƫ̻ĹŵӣִԲôҲ뿪Ϊ֮ɣ
ʵڵ֪ƱųʱԬδѾ׵ͷֻǣվǸʦҲųŮݣ˲ٵļҵԵԬδѹε߰˰˺Ԭδ㿪ʼߵĸһЩ
׺͹ƷִȻף֪ƶʵĹֵ췭ظ߹
߹Ǹﲻɳӵģһŭ֮ºݺݵףȻûҪ׵ȴϾϻع͵ȵŮᱻԶ߹͸ߵ˱ԼҲھŮǡ
Ԭδȵǣ߹Ȼ˵ԼҪչء
Ϣ߹ͬʱҲһ뿪ˡ
ŷϵյŵӣ߹˵ĶԴҲŷЩãӴ˲ٹ߹顣
ȻʧȥһЩԬδԼܰѹˡ
ȻҪߣƾץסڣң磬Ҵˣ֪ˣ㲻Ҫף˵Ҫһӵģ𣿡
ΪûǣԽռʹʦҪ㣬ҶԬδ˹Ƶ֣żַߺޣǲ뿪㣬᳹׵ĻҺԼ
ҲΪãƣϣҵĿԡ
ΣԬδҲûлͷ˿뿪ˡ
ʹڵϣҲûе緢ӣǱһ·ߵߡ
ΪԼյĹһȴԼȲϡ
˫ȭ߬סǣԼʧȥԬδ
ͬʱƺԬδ׵ϢҲ׵Ĵˣ˵Ϊ̫ƶʣİĽԬδ𷣣Ԭδź߹ߵĻᣬԺΪߡ
Ԭδ񱾾Ӵһɫĳۣ˺ܶ࣬ɫǲҰףһӡ
ԺŮȻ޹Ԭδ
Ԭδ˵㣬Ȼ˻ᰮĽ̫ˡ˽ҲЩԬδŮޣûٸʹӣڹõĵҩ˶ùƵΪ½
ڹ飬ԪһЩĹпȥơ
Щͷ۵ĿЩͽźĹĸź˵ĸе·ϣС޺ǰЩӱ˷游Ϊ˸ָŹ˼ҵ˵ˮǣסڹӲԶĿջ
ǹţ̫үҪ¹Ժ֣˵Тˡ
ᰵ˼ǣùϽչأ᰻úõĴ
ǲӵĸ׵Ϊ˼Ƕ͸ˣ
˼ǶΪУ·;ȻһЩȴҲ޺ԼԼ͸¶Ź졣

115 

ҹԻһ
͹һֱæӦǰҩˣҪӦ˼ҵССԵʮֵƣ
ΪʶүѾ׵ĻָˣҲǰ·˹Ƶĵҩ˵һӡ
˶ܸˣǻһ
ȻͶǵĹ˼ˣȴ׵Ĵ
үӶƣԼ۵ĺ£ȻҪΪֻعȴû뵽Լ˸ŮѹԼ͸ǵ
ڹеĸ磬Źүֱ֮Ӵżҹ뿪Ĺȥ˱Ĺˡ
ˮǵĹȻҲҪ뿪ȴֵһߣүӾͻȥŹ
Ϊүڵ̫вµĹᰣСļ
ʮֵջʱ򻹺͹үӶ֡
ʵүӵ治Ķ֣ЩΪ鵤Եʣ˶ۺҲ޵߰ү˵鵤һµĶ˽
ùүƤûа취ְӰӵֱɱҲʮֱ
ʹ˹ܣڼʱȴɿڣôˣǱ˼˿ضģ
⺢ôùõĻҲİѾ̹˹˼˵޳ܺͲҪĳ̶ȣȻϣҲݽϽȥ
øȥ֮ѡչءʹ˼ҵ¹ԺȥҲڱչصûκΰ취
¹Ժĵط˭Խģ
ѾԺ󣬸żóԪʯùȥչء
ﲹԪʵһֱǷĲٵĽ˹͹ǰװڰɻһеԪʯҲɷ׼õģΪ˱Ҳ˲ôˡ
ڹᰵеĺĹ⣬Ҳĺӣܺ˱˵ġ
ĸģʱû˷ҡżĶŵĹºֵүӱøˣҲʵһӡ
ʵ߹ĸĸ͹øһ뿪Ӱɡ
ֹ̧Ҫ廰ĹᰣøѾ׭ʦˣҪͻļĻ͵ˡĹķ׭ʦ٣Ȼó׭ȴ⡣̫ΣգҪѡԲȥùøרѧϰ׭û׼ٹ꣬øܴﵽļ׭ʦľˡ
ĸУӦٶģʹ˼ҵ˲ˮǣҲӲٿȥˡ
ڲ鵤ĵ׼ҡ
һ˵֮İţҲĵģ˺𽥵ĲٷĬ
ʵӣʹԾƲУҲԼԼܵһǹӸˣԵʮֵĸ꣬ӭʲôһʲô飬ҲɷҲ˵Ĺǻᷢʲô飬ҪһЩҩ
ʵ뿪Ĺõѡ
˵Ĺķ׭ʦ٣ʺȥϾ˿ˣܶĿ࿴
ȥȿԷֹ¼ţù˼ҵҲǡ
Ҫǣ᰻ʶԼټڹͣΪİʯ
Ϊ֪ĽԨ޴͹ͻˣԼǵľ룬ⲻһʱڣͳ׵Ԩ֮
ǲ鵤ʦ飬Ҳ֮˷ֵġ
ЩΪ棬вôأ
ᰲȥֻû˵ĶǶԵġ
ɷ˵ǸϹĽŲΪ׸ᱣˡ
䱻ӱչţԼǿ
ȥһܺõѡ
Уĸ˵Ϊ˾ƣ޺Ц޺ȻޣڶջǱţΪɽ˲սʵǣҺΪôôµأ
ø˵ҸݣûǴĻݶ޴󲹣Ҹǵʦô᲻֪أ
̾һ֪ס㡣
ʵȥݿԲ鵽ĸУ鵤ڹķġ
ݵˣǡǹ˼ˡ
ʵһֱŹᰣȻЩ᰺޼˹˼ˣǿԼֳԼ˵ôأ
ǹˣҲ֪סˡ
ͬ
Ҹڣôֵ󣬼ʹҺ͹ĸЭˣôôҲֲٸҵĸס˵Ҹˣô˾һҹ˼һܽڹĸҵǰֳСĶ
ҪģҲǱĿģʵǡң

116 뿪

Ȼ޵һжʵΪϣһЩΪ޵ߵˣ޵֮˼ʹҪ֣ҲҪ³򣬷аħûʲôˡ
Щ˵ʵͣǽš
ΪҪеɱħͲľ޵ߡ
Ѿܶ꣬˵ĸһλصߣչء
СˣĹһλ޵ߡ
Щ˹̫ܵ࣬ʵҲ޵Թԣмһҵ֧֣Ҳ޵ֻŭԡ
ȻҲ뾪ˣΪѹǵĶ֡
ʹڵĹǹ˼ˣǹ˼Ƕȴǹףǹ˼ǶΪ˼˼һĻôǹˡ
үһʼʹִܾȺϲµˣ¹Ժò
ʹչأүҲùǿгء
ᰲԵʣȴס
ڹ˼ǶϵݣѾҵһЩ֤ݡóһźݸ̫һҪϢ
Һĸ㲻õǡĸҸ顣
˵ҲһЩӿռָóһЩҩݸ˵үⲹ鵤ĵ۸ܵеԪʯ
Ȼ֪۸񲻸ߣ޷үǷ飬ڱҪʱܰһЩæ
Ȼ¹Ժ󣬹ĵͼϣְʣµݸߵݷŽԼĿռָԹ黹ռָ

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Σǲֹ׼ݵݣһٵĵͼݡ
Ϊɽ˲ˣ֪еʦפɽ󣬱㿪ʼλʦϣܲȡʦĺøжȡڲλΪеѹƵҩЩֶڴռתԸһҪֽ
һЩζĹӡ
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ǲѾǨ˴ǰסĵطӡĵطԶ˲٣ǳʲô飬ҲûܵסȺޡ
˵Ҳ޵ѪҺǱ޵߸Ĳӡ޴Ķ
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ǹû˶䡣
ʮ־ˣӼɡ
лȻлϢøϽ㣬һ˳롣
Ȳ򻱳ȫˣȴҲԴһ֡
ߣҪ֮ǰүѾˡ
ү˼ǣҪֱϵҹӸǱҲϢ˵Ҫߵ
Ǹļ۸񶼲ͣǹӸǱ߶İеԪʯĸ߼ۡ˹ķԸѵүָү˵ԼҪȥѧϰ׭
ҵĶĿˮڶ࣬ȻҲ֪˼ϢᰲС飬үҲ֪һЩĻġ
үʶӲãȴҲ֪͹ᰵΪˣеʱȷòֱ˵ļ¡
ڵֻ֪ҪʱԼһֱæЩΣԴȴʵġ
үؼҺ󣬺͸һȥǱ飬źȥ·
͹ҵڻ£˳˳뿪ˮǣȹүȥ͹ᰵʱȴȥ̿ˡ
ѾתүˣҵĲҵ
ҵȻںСӣǴҲҪ棬үӻҪȥ׷ƹģ͹ᰵʱƹֱЦ˵үǲǺͿˣҼүӣҪ𣿡
ңӴǰΪʲô뿪ûǵļ£ǲģǰ֣Ӱ⣬һġ
ҲˮԼǸʲôǼү֡

117 鷳

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үô̵ȥ˵ĳԼڹʱ˭˶˵
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ǼϽ϶뿪ȻҼүˣ¾Ͳܻ뿪ˡ
˼ҵСҵ˲棬̬ȱǿƣ˿ûкʱºֻܴͣŹү뿪
ƹֺأһֱӴĹүΪ˻ȥ˲١
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游ȹү󣬱˿ڣ뿪ɣ
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үӰΨһֵǮĶ˳ȥһЩҩú󣬲ŵ¹Ժſڡ
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Ҳˣǹ游ү˵¹Ժڣµġ
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ҳһЩݡݸһЦȴתʹүӣǹ游
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ʹˣְſ˵˼ǶôǣҹʱŹǹ͸˼ǶգôǹТ
ݸүӵĻ̾¸ĸģү顣
Ҵȥʦáݸ˵˼ǲεķ˹ү¹Ժڡ
үӵҲ˵¹Ժε߽֪Ϊβ˶ƴȫҪﲻֹԣΧŲ滨ݣڹѵһݣȴΪ˹͵Ķ
̫ݻˡ
ǹժһЩݸôڹҲܹĺܺˣ
˵¹ԺѧȡʱõĶеԪʯԬҲô죬Ԭ˶Ҳȵϡ
ү뵽ЩҲԹ
ТĶδҪһЩԪʯ
Ϊйݸ·Թү˳ҵԺ
үӵԺڹݸָʹ£ְѷڴ˵Ļ˵һΣԹТδ͹źù˼ǶʮֵĵڰʾǸģ˸׺ͼ֮¹Ժѧ˵š
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Сʦõȥҷħģ˵ⱲӶСʦˣң֪СʦñҵĽҲ˿ں
Ĵȸ˼ǶûǴĻΪŮȥСʦãСʦס
СʦãָСʦüǵ
ڿ˵ǹ˼ҸСʦһСֱƨСʦõĸʦҲ¹ԺѵԺȥʦڹ⻹ҪȺЦ
һ˵Ĺүɫɷˡ
ݸû뵽˵˵Ĵ³üͷǰĹҲûһʦãѵĲԼ游СʦãТҪǴİ

118 Т

ڹݸ飬Ȼ֪һЩ
ҳˣݸ˫׽˵ˮǷ֧Ĺµҡ
ȻֻǸңܺϹϵôҲһֱ¡
ҲΪˣЩûٺٻ
ݸҲŽĹϵ˳Ľ¹Ժ
ݸڵԺڶ޵ﲢٮٮߣȴΪòɫֱָԳΪ˵Ժġ˫㡯֮һһλ¹ԺԺŮ
ΪĵòϳɫĹݸƺҲͲٳΪ˵Ļˡ
ȻЩʱ޷ùòڷ̹Ǹǹݸȴɾý⡣
ڹݸΨйҲŻˣȫ䵣ŵġҸԼҵĳע⵽Ĵڡ
Ͼ־ɫŮ˭ֻ߶һأ
ݸ͹ұͲˣΪȥӽݸ˽û˵ĻڹݸΪԼԺΨһһŮ޵ԭԺ޼ɵ
ԣݸıԹ󣬾Ҫֽѵ
ֻǹݸʮֵںԼҪ³ĸ۰֪Ŀպ󣬾͸˺ܺõİ취𻵹
Ҳŵ£˼ҵ˴ӹ˹Ȼ˼Ƕڹ˵УȷǸˡ
ʦѵ֪ͱϳ𣿡һ޹ĿŹݸЦ˵꣬游͸װҵıƽ˳ȥǷħģ˵ٻƶ֣͹˼ûаϵ
ڹʦ˵ТνТˣΪʲôҪТأ
˵һ٣ҼǵԺйأѧûгǵͷǲ˽ѧԺڵģѵΪʦǵԺˣͿԺˣһҲأ
ݸЦ⽩ϣСʦ⻹ǿʶһ游޷Ҳʹˣǰ׷ͺڷˣԺ⣬ҶΪá񻹹ˣ
СʦǲТΥҪǴģ
޲ǵĸĸСʦҲǿź糤ģʹ˼үдڶʧȥ˺ӣҲʧȥ˸ףѵǾͲԺ𣿡
ݸ˵¶һʹ飬㻹ǣִ˵飬㶼Ҫˡ
ʱȺҲ¶ˣŹص̾һ游ѾܲˣʧȥĸףѾͶ·ˡĹվŹ˼ҵѪҺѵĲ𣿡
ң˼һôСΪǵĳȴҪǰ𣿡
һһͣ޲˵Ǹ֮ˡ
ܹ˼µ£ΪȺǶԭǶδ
Ψһܵůģ½ֻ̫̫й᰺ĽԨ޴ˣѹңϳȥʱ򣬹˼ҵѵֻ֪ǸռǵСΪΪߺϲıôжôѻȥأ
ûһˣվ˵һ䣬Ǻ޲Ʋϵŭ˹үӣǣ鷳
̫ˡݸ׷ߣҲϢ˹ʼѵôĿ̱
һҲżȺ䣬ĺĻнԪ̲סˣЩ˷ִ
ò˵ʵ˱ƼˣҲҧˡ
Ⱥ˵ʱ˿ӡ
·ƽȻҪݸȺ˳ûûˣҪô˻ˣϽק⣬Թ˵ǲúõľТұضе
ʦʴȣǿЩˡ
ǹ֣˵벻ٷԺĲҲ֪ôѧ֣
Ҳ˵ˣ˵ȥ˵Ժĵڶͣ˼ʱء̤뵤Ժڶģ׼ȹʦҪͻļʦˣһʦܽȥʲô˷ѧ֣
ԺȥԺĲѧֶҪûԺʦҪѧְɣ
ԣһ˵ĽԨ޴׬ѧֶˡ˵ȻˣĽҲܵ˳ͷĽԨ޴ͦõȻ˵Ŀ̱
ĺÿʲôأʵ޷ЫĳôѧֺԪʯȥ˷ѣȴԼ游һЩüĺܿ࣬Ůˣʹǰ͸ңҲҪġҲ֪Ԭδ񣬵׿ʲô𣿡ǣĺÿʲôأТ˳ֶ֪ǿЦ
Щ˵Ļȴ˿ûŭҲû¶ݸпģЩʧ

119 ս

Ⱥ˵Ļʵ˵ĲȥӸǱ߹ҸӣʹŮҲ׬Ԫʯ
һˣһ¶Ź𱸵Ļһһ䣬ɱ˹˼Ƕһʮ⡣
˵𣿡Ⱥ˵Сȥֵ֮˵ˣôҾҪȥˡ
ڹ˼ˣǼȻǹʦģôҲ鷳ʦͳȥɣϾʴȵĲ𣿡
ݸȻû뵽Ⱥ˵˰죬ȲҲû¶ڵģŭ鶼ûУһ²ؼ߸߹̬ȡ
ЩĿŹСʦ㻹һ𣿡
ȻҿҪ
ѧԺѧ˽¶֡ŹݸЦأһֱǵá
ݸֱӴ˹Ļôһأʦ㣬ҪѵТʦãȻǻñķʽ
ʦΪԺĵʦ㲻ѧԺĹ飬ҲõԺԺܣȻ˵ʲôԺѧȻҪѧԺĹصģȻʦִҪѵңôҵսɣ̧ۣһĮĿŹݸս̨ϣʹҶҲԹԡ
ӮˣôʦȥԺĳϴɣϾΥѧԺĹأˣԸʦĴô
˵һ߼Ȼսݸ˼ֱǲ֪
޵磬һǰںڣž޴Ĳֺ࣬οǹݸֱӸ˹һȼⲻѰ·
Ժͺ͵Ժ˲ͣΪĺĶŹ˵ճˣȻҲҪ˵ˡ
Ժ۸ˣؾˣƵСʦȥҲ䣬ǹ֡
ɲǣԺŻˣǵԺԺչأҶҪɵԺ޷ˣУ
ݸƲ˳Сʦñÿ𣿵ǹ˼СʦãСʦúò׹ĺˣֲˣ˭֪˼Ƕôģ
԰ԴСʦˣҲùݸûǰôÿˡ

ԺǱʹ壬˵˵ȥŮ޵òΣȻѹ͹ݸжԱȣݸһŭʱʧȥǣãս̨㣡
ˣڰɣ󣬾Լȥʲô˶ҲȵͷˣϽ鷳
ϲʵͻ׸ÿ˶Լĵߡ
ĵߣЩΨһԼůˡ
ڹҶѾʼ⵽ᰵˣĹᰲСùҲʮֵĲá
ݸ˵ִţһߣ
¹Ժս̨Ϊ֣һΪʵ̨ڶǽʵ̨ڵ֣˵δùʲôΪʹãû֪ˡ
Щ̨ΧõĽҲܱùսѧ
̨ϵıԵΪôͻܵӰ죬ṩս̨Ĺ¶˫ʵṩظʹá
ս̨ȴѵģΪÿͬս̨Ҫ֧á
֪ԼʵȻżǰ˵͸ͻˣΪԵʣڵҪһһεᴿҲȵ˸߳١
Ϊ˹ս˵İΣõڶ̨ǹݸż۸󣬱ҧѡ˵һ֡
ݸŹҪˣô϶ḶԪʯԹŻѡڶ̨ⲻǿûôɵ
һֻ̨ҪʮеԪʯڶȴҪǧеԪʯֲɵôѡڶ֣
̨Ĺ¼ݸִҪùݸֽ̨ϸӡʽ̨
ֹǵԺԺѧ֣ѧԺҲ˹ȻԵʱ׼ķǳæվ˲ٵˣѧԺҲˡ
治˿ʼۣǲǷˣ
ҲǷˣȻôҺ͹ݸս
ҾãݸǹĶ֡һѧԺѧԥ˵ĽԨ޴˵ǹĶ֣
ĽԨ޴ѧԺΪǱԵʣʮֵİμ⣬ѧԺˣĽеٶȣ־ܿΪˣûʲôý
ΪĽԨ޴ѧ˽ҲĽԨ޴ε
ʱĽԨ޴˵ĺ棬˿ûзеﻹżźԼ˹ûá
ĽԨ޴ΪˣԾùݸһӮ
ϧĻһ䣬Χ˾ЦˣҲ˰ɣ˼򲻹߼Ц

120 ɽ¶ˮ1

ѧԺ˼ڵǵԺˣ㲻˵Լ
ΪĽԨ޴˭òѧԺĿڱҲ˶ĽԨ޴ǱԸӽ
ԣʹԺڮٹĽԨ޴ѧԺҲѹΪ
ݸ˲ʱ䣬֪ݸ޷ִԼѡ
ȷЩ˵СҲɹݸʱ䣬ֱ̨Ĺ´ߴٹݸݸų̨
ݸޣó˼ķǳ˵ǹݸĽĴʦݸġ
ݸ̨һ˵˹ôТòе
Χ˵Ƕ£ǹҶ߰ģܱ˼ҵ顣
ʵΪСʦõòСʦķͷУãŻȥݸµģݸΪԼˣ
ɲǣݸĽҲ֧һⷿСµң˸Ӷ򲻵ϵΪԼۣ
һҵã˵ţҲĲ֪
ݸΪͲͣΧȻҲ˲١ʱĹݸɫѿֻ̧ӶŹ˵һ䣬ͽ̣
ݸֻһ̧֣㿴֪ʱӿռָóһѷ׭˲
Χֻ¡һ̨Ϸ˻ҳ
һ̴ӻҳзɳöͬ壬ŵɫâǱ˲ٿƵ̨ͬİ˸λΧ˿̨ϵ飬̨Ĺ£ȴһ
˷׭ûĻлһ
˵һըʱżµ˶Ѷ㿪ҹĻֹһһ
ڻҳϸСĻ⣬ֹջ˹ݸķɴȹùݸˡ
Ҳ̨ϣһನѹû˵ŹݸȥһĻᣬתۼȡʱ䲼ú󷨡
Ƶĺܺãû㹻ΪȫܼԦġ̨´ǰҲʦ֮ıԣһȴûһһõˮ
ʱݸڹһʱ㰵ɣ
̨ԣȵıǷ׭޵ߵΪҲûס
ݸٻ޾ǣȴû뵽ˣҹһֹһţʮֵݳޡ
ùݸѹûʱ䱣ԼֹˣҲˣת³һѪ
ݸ֪Լٲͻᱻ׭̨һҧѪ˳ϣҪŬٻ޾ǡ
ǱñٻľǣȴǱʲôסһʹڳȴɲֻܷܳ
ΧĻҳΪĹϵΧۿԱǲֹ̨ƾճ󷨣ǱؤĹݸ
󷨣ѧԺ˾̾һ䣬󷨣ȻܼԦ󷨣ʦ𣿡
ֹ󷨣ղõķ׭һ׭ѧԺҲ̲ס̾һΪɱ̫ߣԼ۸һֱӸ߲£ô׭
˵ĹøǸ׭ʦ᲻ģ
̫˵ܻһΪڵԶԶ
˼ǣЩ׭ֻһССıԣȻһǷ˰ɣ
ҲǱˣһķ׭õ˶ģ˭ݳ޵ãһô࣡
ŹǶʦʦôǲǱ߹
Χ˶۹ѹסݸģݸǲԸԼټ֪Լضǲ˵Ц
ı˭ǿԴʱĹݸһԼؿһƣųһͷѪҲĶ˲¶˼ֲ԰ף۽Ҳڲ֪һЩϸơ
һͷѪȥ󣬳ֱĿƣƯڰС
洫˫β˻ʮֵĴ̶
˫β˸̾һ䣬ǹݸķȻӡ˫βַóƻˡ
ֹǼ򵥵˫β򵥣ӦӵѪҺ˫βҲǿѪӡڳ
ĺ꣬һβϣ㲻аϢˣǲɱġ
˫ββȴ࣬Աʿ
ϾаǺ˵ġ
ֻǵβ˫ββǶǿԿջ۵¶೤β͵ġ
޵óȻжа޷ҲǱǵҪǶѡβϵĺ꣬Ϊǿһ޷ֻ˵ǷаϾԼòģ޵Ҳϣ˵õ
Ҫˡ˸̾һ䣬˫βǱŰɱӡڳʱ̼󣬻ǰĿ־ʹֲ࣬ʷйϵġ

121 ɽ¶ˮ2

۵ĻȻļ
֪󣬱̽ڵ顣
˵мλŮʮóƻģ˽Ҳ˵⼸λŮ޵ıβԲŻΧ˶ԸǵĻ
Ϊˣȥ̽˹ļأĿǵĶ
սܸߣһûʵΪǺ󣬱־
ΪȥѧԺĲо󣬷ֹŮޡ
ôҲû뵽ԼЩŮ޵󷨣ȴ
ҲȫȻⷢ˫βЩ֡
۵ͬʱһοٵļӹΧָĶֻѹЧһЩ󷨽ȥһƯڿҪ˫βȴǱֱӶ˳У롣
Ӥޣ˾ЩëȻ
ʱĹݸ˫βʼղ֣ܳҲ֪ΧԵʡֻǹݸ󷨣ı취ȥƻЩ󷨣ճҪһ죬˫βͺĸˣǻҪһ
ʲôݸȻЩˣʵǷֿŮõġĽ͵͸ģƽá
ݸΪ˼Ůޣƽٻ鷳ЩҪûʲôϡ
գֱӻ˹ĵùΪ˷˺󣬴Ӵ˲޵
ôٺÿҲûʲôˡ
һûΪ޵ߣͨһȴǵıϲҹΪﱻ٣ϵٶȻͨ˸졣
ϣֻҪˣô˭ע⵽أ
ѹûлشݸǼӿﲼù󷨵ٶȡ
ݸһûᣬ֪Լ󷨻ЩطҪֲҲͨⳡս֪˫βʵӶԲ²βҪοơôԸβķӦ֡
ݸļˣֱӴӿռָóһЩ׭Ź˹ȥ
ЩǶķ׭ÿһŶıǴʱΪ˱Ҳ˲ˡ
ķ׭ڹΧֻǷ˼ƵһֵʱĿֲ
ܷס׭ģض׭ʦʱ׭ѧԺɫˣЩʧ˵ǲǿˣķ׭ʦ
ʦûпվڷ׭ѧԺѧߵѧԺˣҲЦõĻش𣬡ʦ
ҵ죬û𣿡ʱԺˣҲ˵һ䣬ķ׭ʦ
ΪһֳĶС׭ѧԺѧԺĳҲΧǼĬû˵ʵѾ˴𰸡
ǰСﲻֹķ׭ʦʦǶĵʦܷסķ׭ֹ׭ʦô򵥣ΪҲ˲ľ硣
Ȼϱض˿ڡ
Ƕķ׭һķ׭
㡭ݸ˲ٵķ׭ȥȴ˿û˵˫β𽥵Сǲʱѿһס֡
ס֣Źݸ˵ʦˣ
ݸҧгݣ㲻ҪôߣҾԲġ
һ˫βֱɳˣǱס˲һѾˣڵȴ
˫βһôǵĳҲ᳹׵ѣΪƷ
Ҳٹ͹˼ҵ顣ݸ¹˳е˵ҡϡ
ݸġ䡯ֻû˵ֱ˫һĶƯڿеĳֱѿľڳѺֱӱһɰʧ˵ǰ
ѷˣ
ǿǷӡ˫βķôģ
˵ӡķҪø߼Ԫʯģͨ򲻵
ݸҪ˰ɣ
ݸҲǻãôߣЩ䲻ͺˣҪûɱѾǸ㵤Ժˡ
ڷ˵˲䣬ݸ֪ԼĽһֱ̨̱ϣһӡ
ΧһֱԼȴµպ죬̨˵ҿ𣿡
ӮˣȻ뿪ˡ̨Ȼٱԣֱӽģȴδ
Ƿ׭󷨣ʮָɴ䡣
˵ͷлµģ
̨󣬿ŲԶԺȺԹݸĹǣЦһ䣬ǲԸǵս
ջĿ⣬ŲȺҲԸս֣֮㲻ǻ˷ôˡ
´ΣұҪѪŻˣ

122 

ۣҲȳ˸ΪϸȻȴû˻Ļ
Ϊλ߶꣬ǸȻ˭ʱȵģԻһ䣬ԶֵԺĳǣ΢΢һ
νǳݵıǹˡ
ѣһˡ
ʵ߹ֵʱѾЩˣȻ֪ÿ޵߶һһ⣬Ϊ֮ӣ޵߸ǿ߹δ̤ʦľ磬ֻǿһĵʦʦǹȴһһݡķ׭ʦ
˾ȵģֹǹô಻ͬĹǹһķôģ
ݸһܣֹע⵽ɲ⣬ЩףԭƹɵСʦãûе۸ġ
νĲ࣬Ҳڱ֮ԡ
Źսʤ˹ݸ¶ʵ֮ΧڹϢʹķз
ҶܶЩڣͽɭ˵֪ˣҾ͸ΪʦȻȲԺľ磬ǿ϶Ժĸࡣ
¹Ժϻ۵ĵӣʵѡҪôһȲ꣬Ըרоһ㼴ͨˣǺˡ
޵·ϣʵ޷һ֡
򹦷Ķܵõϵ
ɭһ̾Ҫֵ֪ĵ㣿ѵ֪׭Ժ󷨷ԺǼ϶˽ùתѧԺȥǺ͹˵ԸĻԺΪŵ㡣
ʲôǷ˰ɣҶܾȵĵԲۣԺԺҲֻȥԺ㰡¬ˣҲֻԺĵĲ飬ǡ
¬ʱ򣬽ɭɫЩ죬Ҷֱܱת˻⣬ÿһͬκ˶̤ġ
СѾͷȥ˵Ժĵڶ󣬾˵׭ѧԺѧԺĲ̤ɭҧгݣȴûȥԺĵڶ㣬Ժˣ
ҲǹԸȥδﵽȥԺڶʵȥҲ˷ѧֺԪʯղã谭С
ȻʦǽĶ࣬ÿǳԳԺȺȱ˦뿪ˣżŻһЩݸ
ʵҲвҪս󲿷ֶǵԺѧȻԺ˱ޣ͹ޱ̨ϷʵȻޡҪǣѹ֪ﻹжٷ׭˼׼˭ȳݸ̽¹ʵϾݸ׷߲١
ڹԣҲݸ׷ѧԺڴ
˵ТܼСҲԼ游ԼˣҲԸȥһ档
˵ʵô޷ѹեĽԨ޴ùĽԨ޴׬ѧ֣ԪʯѧȥĸԺĹ
˵ײϣ˹˶ˣȴɲ͹ᰣֱɥĲ
ǻ˵
ԺμļޣҲЩ˶ԹʵԹԣ𽥵ǵԹҲ𽥱˼ġԣڹϢֹ¹ԺĺԺҲ˶۹ôľ飬˽ĽԨ޴ǵ˰˱ӵùŻйһδޡ
ǳЩ񶾵ԣҪҹ£ССħϡ
ԪĶûٺЩԵ˳㶯֡
ǹÿɽɽϣżȥԺ˿ں˵䳰ȷЩǳһ
˽£ҲĹСʦã㲻𣿡
ΪʲôҪأЦЦν壬ʼջ㣬ˣʹȥΣҲ㡣
ֻǼʵķ˶ѣҪҲɺһƽӹˡôͲҪǵԸõı
ʦ֣ҪǵãԶûҪΪ˺ûаϵˣȥȥ˷˼
ԣ㵵ĿŹôҲû뵽ԼСʦ˵Ŀ
ʹ¹ԺԴҲվûеڶ˸վսʹˣҲ¹еķ׭
Ǳ鶼СģǶ˷ôضᱻ׷
˭Ϲݸ·
ݸĽ֪Լ͵øõķû˺ĵ˹ȥ֮ǷųϢҲܹݸˡ
˱ָŰݸȴѹˡ
ù˺Σ˽Ҳû𱸹ݸ嶯
ǵ˼ǣݸ̫ˣһԺķϲСﶼ򲻹
Ϊݸ˷һѪͷԵʣòѸٵĲʹǰˡĲ׷ߣΪƢ𽥲ϵòһĶ뿪
ԣݸֱӰϣΪضôҡ

123 

ʹҵѾݸʵ֮ϣҪźŹݸҪܹݸ
ݸǱųģ˵ʱ򣬴ʻȴһһࡣ
ʹޣȴɲҷ
˽£ҵ˵ԼܲˣԼڹݸŮߡ
ҲķԸʹ˹ݸȥҹ鷳ǸΪݸͽԼġϾݸΪֻйҲܳˣˣôܺ͹ҵȣ
ȻĻȴǼܵ˵㲻źҲУҲ֪ݸʲôٶ㶯֣ҿɰﲻ㡣
ԺйأͬʦòܷսҪսҲ뵤Ժͬ⡣ԺڵˣŽᡣ
ǡ̲סȥҲħġ
ôôֻǼ仰ħǲмȷʺ޵
ʵҲܷԹã𽥵ı˺⡣
ǹ˳ӵĵô⣬ǹԽǾܾŮԽ˼񣬹ʱз׭ѧԺѧԺʦǣҪùתǵķԺ˽¸˹ٺô˵׭Ժλ˺ųơ֮ӡУԹ¶̬ȣڱصá
ó׭ϳķ׭ʦĹֳĹУ˵ɲС
˵˵ĹһλʦշԲŻפĹȻȥ
ʹ˵βȥЩɳͼ߼λ˵κʮֵѵδǱߵ涯ģ˵ĹīûĶ
˲ѧķ׭Ҳƣôȥˣ˵ʵҲǰȴСɫһλûѡڹڣ¹ԺҲǱз׭뱻ʴ˼
񲻹ʮ꣬ҲʮĮԹ˼ôȻۡ
ϾǿҪ̤ļ׭ʦˣʦľ綼ûȹ̡
еȷԹܺ棬ȴûаŮ֮飬޵߲ǷΪŮǷΪѻѧϰģڶֱǲѵİˡ
ڵһ֡
ȥҹʱ򣬹ҲԸ̸
ڷ׭ϵϤȱ̫߳࣬żָһ仰ȹоϹŰҪǿ̫࣬Ҳϲ͹̸۷׭ϵĶԹõһʮֵȤ
ҲһֻЧûйá
һɱʮֵİԵǺ棬ôġ
Ϊߵ̫ڽԪʹǷʲô
ԪʾĽԨ޴ʵͦõġ
ԿЦãͽԪͣҺʦһôԼΪߣڸ飬ֻá
ֻ˵һ䣬νİĽֻӰС飬ϲ޵
Ԫԣ˵һ䣬Ժﶼڴ˵㡭ԬδδޡȷʲôҥԡѴǰ飬ͷβĺͽԪ˵һΣ˿ûбܻԼӣǰĽԬδ飬ȥվǹȥˣ˶Ҫǰġ
Ԫʮֵķŭ˵㣬硣
ʹңҾͱҲ𣿡ݸܶҪԸġ
ԪҲȹ˵ֱ꣬Ӿܳȥ˵˵˹ڹ顣
ʵԬδ֪ľҲ֪Ѿ̫߳ĲˣҪùΪңѾǲܵˡ
ѾʼˣǵԼټһ£ûк͹˻飬ôƵĵҩķ׭죬ԬδѧԺ˵˲ʳ˵ҩĽԨ޴ʱζԪĵʱõķ׭ҲԹ
ߵʮִ󷽣˿ͼرһԪļӣҲû֪Ԫһöĸµ׭󣬱ֱ˽Ԫͬ׭һΪԬδļʴﵽ˶塣
ĥ˺ܾãҵ˹游˵ԼȢҵλӡ
ǹүܴճ£үӲٵĺô
үӱ¹ԺɨسţʵѾҲûˣվǹĳԬδԸԼԹүӱҵϣ
Ԭδ͹үӶڴԬδδ޵ϢʱѧԺǱȴͻȻ˴ꡣ
һطԺȻ£ѧԺǱߵĴһʱȴͻȻ˪ѩ˾ñ쳣
ׯüɽһ˵ڶɽ٣ǳɹʿˣ

124 ֮

ʹׯû˵̫ףվߵļϣȴѾ
ΪͬΡ
һμʱׯͻʱĴѩ¹ԺϿҹ
ڶμʱһׯͬİֻ˲ûͻֱӻı˶󻯳һ
ׯΪǱԵʣãİ¹Ժʱׯʮֵչˣİһ
İȥʱׯʹģڻ˶סİ˪ѩİ
ׯλٳǰӣҲֱǿгοׯû˱ףׯİͶ˶ٵĸ֮顣
ҲΪİʹԼʹ¹Ժ֮еˣׯҲʹǰһټЩշˡ
Ϊڱ˶ԣȻеٶȱͨ޵߿˼Ƕɽٵʱ򣬳ܵ׽ҲЩ˵ļ
ׯͻΪ˲ٵĵҩǿͨ׽١
ʱĵʦҶ˿ûбԸҲ׼㹻ĵҩ
ɱϾÿ˶ʦϧ
ΪѧԺϿշĴѩ̫죬ԺˣҲȥ֡
ĽԨ޴ڶɽٰɣüͷŬİοʦģĽԨ޴һΌȥģ
ǲĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴׼㹻ĵҩֿ׽٣ܲܿȥڹʵĽԨ޴Ĺǿ󡣲ĽԨ޴δӦòľȥ㹻ִţôһܿȥġ
ͬڵ֪ϢԬδĿȴʮֵĲơ
ӹɶݣʹ˵ѾûпˣǹȴҪĽŲ˵ĻԼһֱڣǵߡ
ĽԨ޴ͻ˳ĳΪʦôԬδĽԨ޴ľ룬ĸˡԣΧ˽Ҳʼۣ˵ϹۣŻȥѡԬδĽԨ޴
ʹĽԨ޴ǱĽԨ޴ܳΪһһ̤ˣԬδǿ̫࣬˵˽߹Ҫ£ĽԨ޴ˣԹΪʲôҪҪͷȥԬδأ
ԬδϣĽԨ޴ɽʧܡ
ֻĽԨ޴ˣлץסġ
ȻոЩ˵ʦܣŹˣ
Ԭδ붼û룬ֱӶǸ˵Ҳ˵ˣңҪҲġ
ǸЩΪѣɹŹ˵㲻ŷϵĶ⣡
ƶԬδħˣϴѪҪסԬδǵԺ˷ֵ磬ƾˡӣ˶ԬδЩ飬ҲΪƻãϾĽԬδôԬδͱҪӦ
Ԭδü
˼ԬδģʹҲϻͷ㲻˵ʲô
ԺĹǲ࣬ݵҡҡ׹ӿԼϢˣһ˵ллʦ֣֪ˡ
ǴǰƱػƿڴӣվǰӣЩ̡
Сʦû뿪һЩɡ̲סȰοһ䣬жôֺ࣬αطأ
ƵȻһЦš
ѧԺϿ׽ٵʹ˽磬ȴò˶¡¡ѡ
ƿ׽ٵ˺ܾãʱ׽ٵʧϿճ˶ݵĲʺ硣
ڴ󺰣ĽԨ޴ɽٳɹˡ
ĽʦĳɹˣѧԺˡ
Сʦûһ˫ۡ
ǰˡ
Щһ֣ĬãȻһذ׳š
ģҲԸ䡣
գɽɽϷ˹
ɽɽĵͼ︽ѪҺȾӣΪѾһʱˣϵѪҺѾˣΧݷϵˡ
ڿƵʬ׵ʱԺֻ֡
δüȥ鿴ƵʬףԬδˣΪʲôҪɱ˹ƣ
㡭Ԭδ񼱴ҴҵС˹һۣѵ㲻֪ѧԺǲѧ˽¶ֵġóȻɱ˹ƣ㲻ֹᱻϳ¹Ժᱻںɽꡣ
֪㼵ҵδޣǺαأҺѾûйϵ˰

125 ն

ԬδĺܵĹһ̧ۿһΧû˵ѵҪô
ΪأԬδݵͶ룬һ䣬øô
ȻҪʬ壬Ȼ֪ܰԬδŹﲼ˵ǣ㲻Ҫͬ˵ĽԨ޴ԡ
ʣΪʲôԸĽԨ޴
ѵ֪߹ѾĽԨ޴չصĶ⣬ֻҪĽԨ޴أĽԨ޴ȥʳڡԬδ̾һмָӣߴߣˮʹĽԨ޴ĻԼͲȻѡ߹ȥڣҲΪ߹ұۣȢŮޡ
㲻ü˷ѹʱˡ
ȥڣгһҲ㡣
ȻʲôϾǹųŮĸҪп㣬ȻҪ·ʯǡǹų֪ɱ˹ƣôضΪĸġ
Т˳ֺ½ʦȻϣϢй¶ȥɣŵˣֻˣ
Ԭδһ˵ļ飬Թ겻һ
ȴ֮Աǡ
ӵȻЩ꣬˵𣬹ƷõĵҩﱻֽţôƵӻŭ꣬ҲΪô˵ҩԵʡΧ˶ΪƷ˺󣬿ʼٰ˵ôҲľǹƾԲһΪԬδѳŮˣƵĹѡʯ٣ҲԲɱΪ֮ǰĿҲΪԬδ
ѹò£֪֮Ի֪һЩñ֪ܣԬδɱ
Ԭδֹɱ˹ƣݺǹɱ˹ƣùƵв
ЦǣԬδԼδ޵ӣȴ˵ĽԨ޴ǸҳϵˣЦ
֪Ȩ޵棬˷񡣵ǿԬδʱȴޱȵΪ
ȷŮӣɹưĽԬδΪԬδԾ˿ͷͷȴ³Ҳһ䡪һԼϧΪʲôҪأ
㣿Ц㣬ǻĽĵ·õ·أҵĹٻǹƵ·
ԬδѾ˵ΣҺûпܣΪĹ˽ƾʲôΪһ޸㣬Ϊ㸶ȫЦҵĸ׳ɵɲҲǴġȻǰҵĻôҾ˵һΣÿκ˵һ仰ҶޱȵĶġ
ΪùƵвˣҲδ̫Сˣ
ҪƵΪ𣿡
ÿ˵һ䣬Ԭδɫѿһ֡
ǰĹ
֮ǰӲΪѣֻܶҪһüԹԵǸ֮ǰڹʱ򣬹Ҳûмɱˣǿַɴࡢ䡣
в˵ͷĻø׺ĸΪָΪӼںϵһЩҲΪͷˡ
ų޷뼰ʱֹ𣬼ȻʧôԪʯɴͰԬδڹʯڣԬδΪʯһӵĵҩԲŻ͹ƼϵԬδĹųԬҵвԼᱻڹʯǣֱɱ˹ƣѹûиưᡣ
ųҪвҲûа취ˡ
ˣԼ׵Ľˡ
ֻ֪֪Լɱ˹ƣһ˼˺ܾãùõѡ
ݹ˵ǹɱ˹ƣвĽԨ޴ףֻҪԸͷһôռʹų֪ɱģųҲûа취
Ƕĵʦʦͷ׭ʦԸųҲ׾ٵġ
˵ļʦǵ˺ڣסһǳصˡ
ȻԬδôҲû뵽͹˵Ҫ͹úõĹˣȴɲϵͷ˵롣
ڵԬδҪɱ˹ĳ嶯òĶôĽԨ޴Ҳõ
ϧǹĶֻ֣ܡ׵Ļ˹
ԬδǼᶨ˺뷨ֱ̧˸ͬʱԺҲѧΣʱźţŷϸ˲䷢֣źͽԬδ
ŷϺ¬ŵԺɽɽʱԬδѾˣؿڶŷϴ󺰣ʦɱ˹ƣҷ֮Ҫɱڡ
ˣΪ֮ĽԨ޴ԲŻ˵޼ɵ

126 Σ

ĹһɫĳۣüȻĶˣ˵ƺԵôǱ
ŷ仰üͺ𣬡ô£
ʦԬδջŷϣת³һѪҪڹȥһ˵ͽĴ
һתƺҪеĹŷҲ¶㵵顣
ǹ֪ԬδǸαӡ
СˣαӸ
ͽ͹˻õ˹ʾãͽź͹ǰҲо飬ѧԺﱻɢҥԣͽҲûԳȥ͡Ԭδһգֻͽû뵽ƻҵ˵ͽºͺãԼŭ˹
ΪˣŻɱ˹ơ
Ԭδһʹ࣬Ǻαأ
ȻᣬϲѣϾǹųŮͽǰδޣǹʦ㡣ͽվˣûֹɱơ
ֻͽôҲû뵽ɱ˹ƣҪвͽһ𣬲Ȼɱͽ
Ԭδ¶һջˮӣĿ
ΪǵľʺƵҩյǰ;Ĺ˶ԵʦгݸУеƺΧŵʦģԼʹķ׭ʦʦǵɱȲĵʦǹҲʦ
Ȼ棬ȴһϲͨ
ԴʱԬδ˵ⷬԺ͵Ժѹȥìܣ˲ˡ
޳ܣ޷죡
ô޷죿ϴκ͹ݸʦԣԵ㵽ΪֹȴĻ˹ݸʦķǿɶѵ֪˫βķǶôѵ𣿡
ǣԺΨһŮޣǸɱǵԺˣǹ֣
ѪծѪɱ˹ƣҲɱΪ𣡡

Χûһ˻Ԭδ©ٳĻԣŷƺйΨ¬Ƚ򶨣ߵ˹Ƶߣ̽˹Ƶ
֪ŷںɽһ£ɽĥ˲ӣȴϲȥɽܾ޻ϵԼʹ̧ɱ˹ά˱еķȣɱҵԺˣҲҪɱ㡣
ǣ֪Ҿͷ͵ͨˣڽÿĴ
ŷϣЦûɱˣΪʲôҪ֪أŷ㣬ֻԬδƬ֮ʣҵĴǵԺ˵𣿡
ʱΪɽɽֳ󣬶Ժ˴ҴҵԺҲˡ
ֻǶ̶̵Ĳһʱ䣬Χռ˲ٵˡ
ĽԪ֪º󣬱ŵĴĺһˡʱˣվڹǵԺ˶֣ǾԻվȥסЩ˵Ĺ
ʱľ棬š
˼ԩ㣿ԬδŹȻʧЦΪʲôҪԩأ
˭̤ʯʹĽԨ޴ѧ֣ôѧ֣ҲԶԶȥЩǴɣԵڲļ¼̤Ժ׭ѧԺѧԺĵڶЩѧ־ƾȥץ棬õô𣿶ҵԺԺæʦ㣬Ҳĵҩȥһѧ֣ЩĵҩǴģ
ܽ͵ЩѧֺԪʯ𣿡
ԬδŷϷţɫҰףһҩδңЩҩȥˡûв´ĻҪЩҩ㣬ת־ͷЩҩ
ʹٶĹôĺôô֣
ûҸҩôѧ֣ĳɾ𣿡
Ļһ䣬Χʱˡ
ʲôѧֲĽԨ޴ģǹԬδƵĵҩģ
Ҿ˵һķϲôĳɾͣԭҲõҩģ
ȻϲƣҾùƣҸĺ˶ԴԼĶˣ
ԬδɵҥҲȥֱ棬һΪϲأ
ʱүӲ֪ǺʱɽɽӻóһƿݸŷϣǹǰЩøҵĵҩ˵ҸϽ뿪ˮǣ
˵һȥץסԬҵˣܱԬʦһˡգĵҩ
үӿЦôܸɳأҲһ޵֮ˣô˵޳أ
ŷүӵݹĵҩüͷ˿ȷͽƵĵҩ
㻹ʲôҪ˵

127 ҵͽ

ԬδĻ̫©йүվǱߣһ׵ӣʹлɵ˼Ҳòȥˡ
Ͼڹʱ򣬹ĽԬδģΪԬδħҲģԹһУƺġ
ޣ
òԬδôҲ˵õԲŻɱ˹ƺԬδ
ѧֵ⣬¹Ժѧ˽Ҫѧѧ⣬ѧԼͬ⡣ԬδǸƵӣʣô֪ҵѧֵģͨЩˣ֪ʲôʱЩأ
ѾΥУ棡
Źүӣ˵˼ڹĸ׺ĸ˼ѹեĸĶȥˣĸ꣬ҲƵҩүΪֺԬңǻҵĻ¡
ĸ˵δڹԹ˼ҵĸһУҲԹޡΪҵģվҵģκҲߡԬδ񵱳ܸŹԪߣҲŹߣٺҲŮޡˣҲϡ˭Ըߣߣ
ǰִΪҴ۽̫͡˷ǰʹ棬ҲԲ࿴һۣҰͲúûϵôΪɱ˹ƣ
ڹƵʵûа취̽ģֻŷվͽܣ㲻Ըȥ̽Ҳ¿಻𣿡
ÿ˵һ䣬Ԭδŷϻйүӵɫѿһ֡
ԺҲڸŸͣǣСʦÿɴδȥҹԬδ񣬶ԬδСʦãСʦõĴˣ
ѧԺѧ˽ȥ̽˵˽ǵԺأһٵΥأһǹݸԴԺԬδ˽ȥСʦõѧ֣ڹ˼ôģǵԺ˴İɣ
׻˵ҳ󲻿ɵԺ˴˼ҵ˽ô˼˿¹Ժڧ𣿡
ԺǵԺعأ

Χ۷׷ףԺȻҲ˲ϲԺʱȴһ¶ģЩҪ˵ǵԺѧտھͻᱻߵ˵ϼۣԺ߳ĶɵԺ۸˵ġ
ЩԺûٱԺӣڴҶҵ˷йĻᣬŵԺ˾ƿڴ
ʱֱòɿơ
ס죡ŷҲθɤҲƬ֮ʣ
óֵ֤Σŷϣŷϻһ
Ȼᣡŷϱһֱ˵֤أ
ֻǵЦŷ㻹û˵ҪôԬδ񡣻ϴιʦң˵ҪǸ飬Ҳû죡ǵԺҲԸţ
仰׵ļŭŷϣ̧ų޳Źͻ˸ȥͺ𣬡ŵĶ˭˲ʦģ
ֻ֪Ҫŷһ֣ô᳹׵ıɵԺĲԣʱҵڣýڵĳϳƵ
ԣʱ׼ŷϵĹ
ļķ׭ոĶϧδó׭ŷϵĹ㱻һѳǹֵסһյ𣬡ŷϻǣûа˰
ձһǹȴԵ㲻˿ûаΥͣ͸һӢˬζ
֪͵ˣ˲Ϣƫƫȴɱյòƭ
ԺһٶԺѧ鷳ұһѧԺģҲԸִ󣬿ŷȴҪɱҵͽʲô˼ճü΢һͷӣĵԺû𣿡
䣬ɭҶҲҴҵظˡ
һĬ¬ڿɭҲʱųȵϣҲ¶˼־ȡ
¬ǴԺģԴԺҲδκƫȻɭûнȴҲû⡣Щһֱ侲ĴѧԺ飬ΪѧԺԹѾã᳹׵Щƫ
һ˵վ̫Сˡ
ȥ̽ƵҲ淢һЩΡ
ƵһֱһԵĶҩֶҩùƾʧأþݺϲֶҩζ
Ҳ£ѪҺݵĳƱá
С˵УȥҲĶҽװ׵ĸ㣡տԬδ񣬶һҪĶˣͽѧ֣ҸġȡѧֵҩԼƵģʦˣѾʦˣֻΪæרУûȥʦ֤ٹһЩӣҪΪļʦˣϡҩ
Բ

128 ûк̨

˭֪ѾʦһԺԺա
ʵ˵¹ԺԺͬʦֵܣǵʦһ˫ĽûΪͽܣ㲻չŵˡ
ͻգòƵСʦú۰
Ȼ˫ã˵ȴͬҲºƺϲʣìܡ
Ҫ֣סһ£ڹؼʱ֣ɣܡ
ȥ˭Ҳ֪
ϧסҲûõʲôýõĻ뿪յĴղǽõ飬鲻뿪ԣ÷˳׵ķֿ֮ѡΨһŮ󣬱ѡ˱չأٳ˵ǰ
ȢҲʦӹ¹Ժյȴ䣬ʮֵȾơ
˶˵ѡûģʹ޸գҲõʲôýΪֵĹòһֱͣڣǿסġ
֮ǰеĴա
ôȥˣҲʼչغϢҲûټˣϾʹìܣѡԺԺô֤Ҳûʲô϶ˡ
ңպͬʦֵܣռʹΪеˣҲԲ̫ࡣ
ڳ֪ʦʱ򣬶¶˴㵵顣
СʦþȻʦˣĵԲۣʲôʱ飿Ԫ֪𣿡
ԪҡͷҲ֪δ˵
˵δ˽˴δ
Щ˵һʵʦŵĻҲ䵽ɽɽץˣֵͼ뻹飬˹Ըһֱ֣ûеڶĺġԬδʦŷϣûΪԼͽıȡ֮ǰ˵Ժĵҩͽ˽ãΪ˻¬ִǰǵԺϵԭ鵽Ҳ֮
ŷϲֹԬδôͽܣΪͽܾľôδչһͽܣȻδΪͽʲô
ŷšüͷֲãߵԬδɫѿ
ǹʱԼԼľˡ
Ҫ֪ϴǹʱ򣬻ΪԪӤڵĴ¹Ժ鷳պͬĻԪӤڵĴܣò˶ԭ¹Ժʵɲ⡣
ⳡսۺҲ˵յĲǣƺȾѾΪʲôڸëˣ
ղھ¥Ҳû˵Թ֮ԡ
ôŷǰ͸ˡ
ǵԺĳϣǵλȴ󣬶ʵҲԨ֮
ԺһжһᣡŷϻָպͰģЦ˵ǲ֪ͽܣ
ȻѾͽˣΪβ˵һأ㿪ڣȻԸԺģ
ȥԺǰʺŷϹϵԼʹֽ֪ţȴҲûзŹԺǵַϲ˵ԺҲ޷˷ѵԺԴ
ҵͽܣȻԺΪʲôҪȥǵԺüȥԺҲܳɹĽΪʦ츳ߵĵӣӵܣ
¬űյĻԺ
û˵㣬˵ŷȻҲ֪¬ЩûڰаԺѧͣŷЩ˶ٵӣûһͻļʦľ磬ùȥⲻǰ𣿡
յĻֱֺݶŷֱӺ
ЩŷǵԺϵ˲츳ߵĵӣЩȴûһͻļʦġϾʦҪΪļʦһѵżһӶ̤벻ȥֺοЩûжӵĺأ
ŷҲʱ򣬲̤ļʦľ磬ҲǸļʦĺڣȴ˿ûп弶ʦİ⡣
Ҳ̽ˣĸʱ֮ǰ¬ŷϺսţΪԺĳϣȻҪֹ棬Ȼ˴ȥҪЦģŹһ䣬ĸʱ֮ǰ
¬ڸ̨£ȻҲ¬ڵģԹɵĻش𣬡ڵԺĵڶ﷭鼮
ҳļ¼ĵѧҲԲͣǳϲţȥڵԺʦǡ

129 ʦ

һʱ䣬оʼ
͸Ǳߣڷʼļ۸һڷǣֱӱһöҩһеԪʯĸ߼ۣЩҩãṩʼĵʦһ弶λƷ׭
׭弶ķ׭ʦ
Ҳ֪Լزʵ̫ãڳŷ׭ʦ㳹׵Ķˡ
ΪоʼѾǿͻļʦľˣֻ˴ҺȥȴͣʦĺڣôҲļʦĽڡ
֮£ֻҪһЩѧ֣˽·һЩҩȡԪʯѧ֣ʼնڵԺĲ
뵤ԺĴ̫࣬ŲʦֶϤ
۳ѧֵʱ򷭱ﶼԵԺ
˽£Ųʦֻ͹˵ûгΪļʦİգȥ¥Ĳ˷ѧ֡ԺҪѧϰȻҪĶѧűݰɣ
Ҳ֪λʦǳں⣬ȻԼʦЦ˵лʦ֣
˸Ǵ㵡
ȥ̽˲֪иĵʦȥԺλʦԺΪʸⳡ
ЩȻڵԺǹȴʮϧЩʦ˽¶ҲһЩ
ַϲԸѧϰһܳΪʦĺӣЩټˡɾΪһ˽£ʾõԺʧȥһĵʦԲߵĳǣҲûʲôɫ
ǶԹϧ˽Ҳżָ䡣
һȥ𽥵Ϥˡ
һ̽ġ¬Թ˵ƱϾҵԺѧԬδֳҪԬδȥɽҵˣٷǳ
һգյͷ¬ϵģ
úӣ¬˵ɽΣգ¹ԺĻɽأ
ʵ¬ҲǲɢΧѧʵȴûùȥɽǰѹգպúõչ˹
ԬδĵȷˣȲƵźŷϵĹϵȥѧѧ֣ʵѾΥУ棡ΪѧУĳһֱ֪һˮ㣬ܶѧѧֶԪʯģƶѧҪ׬ȡԪʯ͵ΪѧԺ¡ⱾѧԺѧǻ඼л飬Ǳ˳飬ôѧԺҲʧٵͶ
ҵŷϣպ¬棬ŷϡ
¬˵Ҳ̽ˣǽһ뿪ģҵĳ϶֤ӹ뿪ʱûлɱ˹ƵģѾˣԬδɱ˹ƣ
𣿡ŷ¶һʹļ׵ӣô
ĵҩȷǳԹ֮֡¬ҲǺ棬Ƿʦˣֱһ¯ͨҩ¬¬ʮֵĴ㵡
ַˮϤȱκһͬѧҪߣ¬ʵԼȲϹ
ҿһ¯ĵҩ¬˵ְ̧ѵҩǰӵȻ̫ӣȴֻǵ䣬֪¯ҩҩЧá룬㣬ҵĳҲ֪ģ
ԣ¬˵ЦЦԺԺԽ
¬Ļһ䣬ѧԺͷ׭ѧԺĳǾͲԸˣҲ˵ڷ׭ر츳ӦõѧԺͷ׭ѧԺڵԺǵԺ˲Ҫ˼ڻ˼ùȥ
ңǵԺʲô飿ֹ˼ңùݸȥұ˵鷳սʧֲܺǸڻԬδ
ɵӣŻȥԺ
¬ҲЩΣ֪ǺãΪЩȷˣǵԺ˵Ĳǡ¬ֲôõӣΪԽߵˣԽкӣЩǰͽܵͽһΪΪʦȻҲõٵ档
¬ĺӣˣôźġ
ԼʹЩ˶ڳ˵ֻҪԸǵԺһ
ЦǵĹɲһϡ
ңȥǵԺѵͲ¬һֱΪͷѵģôҲúͿˣ
ʻǵԺݸҲûеǸԬδС˵Ŀ̱飬¹ԺڸɱԼδޣվͻɱԼͬźʦֵˣ
ϣףǸʲôֲЩ󣡡

130 Լ

Щ꣬ٻ¬˵˵һ䣬¬Ҳ΢΢һ
ʵձǸദˣ鶼ʱҲ
׵¬εıԹ˵еľͻù¶ϣе·ûһ¡
º޸յҲ𽥷˸ı䡣
ٺʹǰһ˵ڵ˵ʲôһȥˡ
ӹ̫ã˶յƢģ
¬ԣֻܽͣʹǵԺҲģ
ݸѧԺĹأȻҪȥɽչ¡¬˵Ԭδ⺢ӡ
ԬδϾŷϵͽܣ¬ҲóȻӣֻܿŷ
ŷϵɫҲÿĬһ˵飬ҲԬδһ˵Ĵ⺢ӵӵΪǵľԵʣǱδй˼͹йƵ飬ǵ˽˸飬ʦҲöʡңƺ͹ǰδޣԡ
ŷ϶˶٣ִҲվѧԺѿ»С
ô»СһĬõڿˡ
ŷ˵˵ԼںɽѳģԬδֻǱ˴ˡƵǶûйϵ
ߣûǴҲǵԺˣŷνĹԩ
ѾˣʹôŷĵĽͣҲ֪Щ޻ƵˣֹĹңڴʦԬδĵľĵʦÿҵϱ
νӢۣԬδδѹ޵սǸã
ڸ뿪¹Ժȥսܿ࣬Ϊҳ
ȻԸŷ˵ЩֻǾ鲻׵İݡȴĬˣ˺ܾãſ˵һ䣬ʦܣ֪ͽòƽ޵磬ʲôƽܽأ
ҺʦСԸгһ¹ԺܳԽеԺֳЩ飬Ц𣿡
ҲΪѡ
մվһŭ
ʦѹԼѾǹϵһˣѾӡ
ǲԬδôҾ뿪¹ԺտһЦʦ֣ҲΪѡ
˵꣬Ҳһӵ˰棬ת뿪ˡ
ȻûȺ˵ʲôյɫ￴ĳѧôܱȵŷϺԬδ
ԣΪŷϺԬδƱزе඼ˡ
ʦȰգֻҪ˹ݸ͹ˡ
ԭҲδƽϹЩһζȥƽϵʧôҪҪǰأȰǲҹô͵ʵˣԼΪԼֻع
˵Դǣô˵տ϶ҪЦ겻ߵغ񣬿ɹô˵ʱȴĻ
ƢʮֵºͣҲòϾԼĵߣҲһζ̡ǰϲն˵ʦͽĹϵ޷ǲյƣҲһЩԼʵ
ԼûԲΣɹȴ˿ں
ͷβŵıԼԼһˣҲҪ˭ֻʲô
ʵ֪ΪʲôԽǺ͹ӴԺǸϤӰں͹صʦģ
ʵյλӣҪԸŷϣҲûа취յʦϾ¹ԺǰԺ̫Ĺ˼ϾУиХԺһֱڰп¹Ժ
ãҲڷֱ棬ǰԺմ˹¹Ժɽ޵顣
ձͶԹԴʱԹҲû̫
ʵ¹ԺɽޣǴﵱ꽨¹Ժ˵¹˵¹صõĽʮֵĽʵɽޱϾޣ棬޶Ҫ޵߿עϢô޵ߵױյĸɸɾ
նԹ˵ɽȻЩҪȴǰˣչɽ޵޵ߣҪϡ
ңЩ޵Ҫһλױȫ
Թڵĵ֪ݸԬδ񶼱͵ɽȥźɽ޵ʱȴͷ
ʵû˵Ҳ֪ɽѾѿԼˡ

131 ɽ

ĹһЩ޵ļأбдһ¹˵ǿصĸҲ̺˲ٵ
޵¹ڲԼ
Ͼ޿޵ߣҲתԼṩ
ֻЩĹңѾҲˣʵ඼ޡ
޺ǣҰѱº͡
޵Ϊ˼Ԧ¹ޣһݣֲݶ¹о޴ʱǣʱ˯޵ǾͿԻȡǵ
֪вݣֻǲ֪ݶ¹ԺɽûЧ
Ԭδ֪Ϣǻðհɣ
Թ˽ҵ͸ϰ壬˵Լһȡݵĵҩǳʺ¹ޡ
ǿĵ˵ֹ¹ޣޣֻҪƵĵҩҲܻԹȥ
ΪЩ͸áĲӡŻ켣У͸ƹĻҲһ˼
塣ָ͸ƹӶ󣬡ֻҪҵҿ㡣
ߣ͸ƹǰġꡯʮţʵѾĶˣκ˵ĹﱾΪȣ˵ǵҩãұ֤Ժе¹ޣὲĲӵţ
ش
͸ƹĬ£֣̾ðɣ
ǰЩķʼʮֵ⣬˵˼ǹĸһЩߵ͸ƹģԹҲʮֵĿ
ļĽСҲǽͣȻشϺ뿪ٻʲôӲõѾǺѵˡ
˳ɽ󣬹óĵҩƹġҩЧ֮󣬷ӦЧܺá͸ƹģ㿪ʼӴȴҩöв˶֪͸۵ĵҩֱ¹޷ݵЧ̫࣬¹޷˲ֹûа㻵޵Ҳ
ͬʱҲʱЩźɽ޵ʦ֡ʦǣɽ޵ʲôӵġ
ΪʵϸЩҲԹĺһ
˽£˸Ԭδ񣬹ڴɽ޵飬ƺЩֻ
ʵԬδֺγ֪βɱҲñϳ¹ԺѾʦڼάأǣȥźɽް꣬ʦⲻ
δֲȶȥչɽޣôΪĸϽҵǹݸֻɽΧɼݸޣݸ˵ҪȥɽϲɼҪ֪ɽʱɽ߶ǹݸɽޣǵҪˡ
ݸʱ֪ԼҪȥɽϲɼݣŵֱӾͿˣ˵Ը뿪¹ԺҲȥչɽޡ
ҵڵ֪Ϣд˹ݸһ٣˵ݸ뿪¹ԺôùݸҪٻعˡ
͹ݸһ𱻴ģʡ
˵¬صԺͺֱӵǲȥɽչɽ޵Ĺ¡
ʵʱϢɫˡ
νȥɽչɽ޵Ĺ£ҪÿȥһɽޣǷ񰲺ãҪʲô£ʵǸ£Щչɽ޵Ĺ£Ѿ֪˶ٸˡ
ǱϾչ˹ɽ޵Ĺ£ԼʹǲλˣҲ뿪¹ԺΪ֪ɽ޵ܡ
˵㣬ǼʹҪҲֻ¹Ժĵϡ
Կɼ¬ˡ
ʵԬδҲ˵¬ιÿλ˽ȥգ˵ҪùԺѧΪֹϴϻۣ޲¬ʮֵľȣϾ˵޲ĵʦٶļʦǱʡ¬ãʧȥôõĻᣬÿζ䳰ȷȴȥա
Ϊ¬̫飬Է׭ѧԺѧԺļϣҲŴ֡
ѧԺ˵ԭɵ׭ѧԺĸ˵ܲ˵󷨣һʱӡ򡯱ȿȵɡ
ڹԺ˵ҩŮ޵ԺǣԹҲɫһһСʦá˵ʦ
ЩΪֺù˽»ȥ˹˼ҵˡ
˵үӱΪһֱڵȴЩûа취
˼ǱûָˣȴԬδ
Ԭδû˿취
װһֱȥɽ취
ʱԬǱ߸Ϣ˵ǶǱһֵҩܷɽ޵

132 ʳ

ԬδϢüǸԼҡ
ɽֲ¹ޣݾڡ
Ǹ㲻ãԼû׼
վе棬˭ݵҩƳ˵ҩԳҹɫŷ˵һȥĵĳ¹Ժ
͸Ƿ͵ģٻҪҪô棬Ҫôʮġ
򵥵˵͸ӲúͲ۵ĵҩ
Ԭδƹ˵ƵĵҩʱƹΪ˴ֵҩǺҵ˵λǲ֪ɣ弶ĵʦƵĵҩл𣡡
ŹӼʹǵʦҲ֪ڵʦԣʲôı˰ɣֵҩһеԪʯһöֱڰͣ
ڲҪˣ
Ԭδ񾪵ĿɿڴһеԪʯһö
ƹĿԬδ񴩵أһɶصľϵϢ˷ʱ˵˰졣ۺԬδǸûӣƹԬδѹûʲôԪʯֱƲ죬߿
Ԭδӹ̫ˣΪƵʹŷϻţҲȥɽչޡװѾЩˣںɽֱȥǻֱӰɽȥ
װվǰ취Ԭδʹ֪鲻ãҲ¡
ԥ˺ܾãų͸
һöеԪʯ
ȥŪأ
ȻԬδû뵽ǣԬ˻ĸ㵽ʮöƵĵҩ
ԬδõҩʱԼҲˡ
ǵʦȻҲܸܵҩʲôƳɹġҩĵʦѹûⵤҩƳɹģԬδһĽʦһֺɻԬôŪҩġ
ԬүʵҲǵġ
Ǵĺܺãᱻ˷֡
ԬδȻģĴˣòðˡ
ʱڵ֪Ԭδõҩȥ˺ɽϢ¶˵Цݡ
Ԭɱģռҵˡ
ռҵͨˣΪʼ޵ǻΪͨ˵ĹϵԼáеñʧռҵȻΪԽߣõþԽѣǰռڵһӣȴΪһŮĹϵռҴ̫̫ӡ
ӱ档
ռҹٵطҪжվûзӣҲһٶʱ֪ԼǸŮ
Ϊ˸ܵܡ顣
ռ˵ľԴһˣЩ޷죬һؾ̽գĺһ𳤴Ů档
Ϊͼˣ˹е¹Ժһֱչص
һߣΨһڰдѹҲûˣ޼ɵ
ΪԪĹϵ鵽˹Сٵ֪ݿԶԸ¹޺Ҳ˺˼ҪԸǡ¹Ժɽޡ
ԬɱˣʵߵһСˡ
ߵĵҩҲǹΪɽƵġ
ֵҩɽʧȥǻӾٶȡɽ޶ԣǲҩ
ʵֻҪԬδСһ㣬ûô̰µ壬Ԭδѹ̤ȥԬδ񵫷һ㲻˼Ҫһɽ޵ôͻٲ
ֻԬδĹվǸѬĵˡ
һº󣬹ԬδĵﱻٵϢ
Ԫ̾һ˵ԬδҲ֪ǲǷˣȥӽɽޣιɽ޳Ժö󲹵ˣɽֱеĵﳹױ٣޵ˡ
ֹǵﱻ١Ҳ˵һ䣬ҲˣʹΪͨˣҲ޸֮
ܣЦɽҲȥӽԼʲôΪ֪𣿡
ŷ֪󣬱ֱӲٹˣû˽ںɽɡԪŹԹ˵ҲҪѵȥӽɽޣ
ԣʦ⻰˵ģΪʲôҪȥӽɽأ
ԪεЦЦ֪㲻ᣬǻҪ㣬̫Σˡ
ҹһɫԲ۵ꡣ
ҹĻѾ٣ɫѬȾΧգ곤üޣһźɫ룬е˽١޳Ź˼ִ
ͣ˽ŲҲվֱӡ
˼С㣬㵱ǺֶΣģЩϣһŮӵߵֵռҵˣҲǣ

133 ʴȻẦ

ڣʹĽԨ޴վǰҲȻʧɫ
ĽԨ޴ĿһϢǰȴıǡ
ƺһ˾ûǻηε
ݣ΢
㻹£飬ѵͲע⣿
꣬ɫȴδı䣬湫ӣĴ
վڹǰˣռҵĵճŮ棬ֻһֱﵱк֮ϰӵݣЩϲ˳ΪС㡢¹Ժˣỽһ湫ӡ
ڽӴռ˵ʱ򣬱ˡ
֪ȻẦ£湫ӣҷˡЦĸ񣬡Ҳǿ湫ӵΪΪ㣬ǲһ
Ц¶ַ̣˽𣿡
˽⣬Ǵϣ֪㲻ռˡ˵ʵ飬סһʱҲסһҵõһҾ֪ˣҲ֪ôһ죡
湫ȻռңȴǸзǵľӣȻ֪ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôռңļˡ
һ˿㵣Ц˼ǣʹٸһΣɻѡȥҵĵܵܣ
ǣش𣬡һѣ
Ϊ΢΢һһͩ£ȴЩãˡ
ռҵˣû¡
ڹеʱ߹ִǺռҵĳĿ죬û׼߹ҪݺݵĽѵˡռұϾǹϵļ壬ʹǻҲҪռҼֱ棬߹УҲռҵԵʡ
߹˲ǵˡ
УһΪ֪ԪĹϵΪ֪ҪˣΪ߹
ǸǳˣǺ߹ԼҪ
Ҫǳ׵Ļ¹Ժ
ֻǣеʱ򱻲ԪڹӸ󣬶źߵСǣҲû¡
ǰЩٹʱ򣬾ͿߵСǣ˵ɱһԽûŮޣǻŮ޵ŮǼڰ飬ҲֻԶԶĿţȴû뵽ʱ־һӹһٵŮǸԪʯŮ
ŮҲǸĵģҪΪԼǱ𣬸˶Ҫߵ̴Ӳú׷Ůȥˡ
ŮĲңʱҲû뵽Ůߵʹ죬˵ġ
Ů޺ǵŮˣȴߵСע⵽ˡ
Щˣû׼Ǿͷ˹ʵݡ
浱ʱù¡
޵ǿʳ
ҲΪЩЩһֱڱչҪͻƸߵΪǹ֪ȥŮǵռңȥˣǲĿЩ޹˳Ϊ·ߵǣǡ
ҲΪ飬Ҳû׷ƲԪˡ
ǣȴռҡ
ԬɱСˣǵɱЩŮ޵ˡ
ˮڼҲΡ
һֱעʲô
޵磬ʴȲʲô顣뵽ʲôһЦѵ֪ν壬ڱ˵ʵǸЦ
㵱ûǶŮ޺ǵŮǰռҵСǳû׼
ڹڱвӽ飬κ˶лС˵ģ
ҵĵߣʹڱ˵ЦԸȥ
湫ӼȻյ飬ôҲףŮ޷ǳĺÿһЩʺ޵߲ɲԲ˴˵ԭûʲôȴǵŮǾ͸޹ˣ
޴˹Ļ֮ʣ
ʴȳẦԼȴĽˣ֪ƶ񣬶޵̫ˣֵ֪ĺˡ
ǵֻʵ
ε飬һúõڡ˵Ǹռң´ζȻŹ㣡
СԹԬδǿ϶ģ֮ǰ͸ųһЩû´Ļĸеˣ·ʯǵʱ򣬻ᱻ
ϣȥʯǵʱܻŻ
˵꣬Ҳٴת뿪ˣ¹һԭء
ʹ
룬ǲڵģΪߵСǣ
Ϊ治֪ԽûŮĹø͹ĸ֪ԽûŮҩʱ򣬸ѧϰ׭ľϡ
˺ܺãҲԸ˵Ľ

134 Զƶ

ռҲ˶Ƕˣ治ˡ
ռҳ棬̫ϵ޵ߡ
ǹûռˣҲϣۿСôԹۡ
ǹֱԬ鷳ȥ
Ҳһ鷳
ԬܷңֹǿһСô򵥣ԬһԼĺ̨
˾͸жʰ
ľȷǹӵ飬Ϊû뵽ʯǵĳ˫˵ķֱӿĸ㣬ĽԶȻ˳ȴҲˡ
˫˴ϢУʹзֱҪһǧ͵Ԫʯɱеˡ
Ϣһƹĵ˹ȥ
ƹһֱŮڵ֪ºһʱҲ֪Ǻˡ˫ȻħˣĽߴóȻĹȥôʹܽʯǣȴҲȲ½̫̫㣬Ϊ˫ȻҷųĻȻǴʯˡ
гڵĴܳ棬ֱӽǳأô
ĽҲûгڵĴܣֻλһֱڹڣʱڱչأ׳档ĴܣôΪһӺһеС³أ
ԲֹƹĽԶо˾
Һ˲ԪʯУǶ˫ڹʯˣ˵ҪΪŮ𣬵ʵʵĿġĽԶԹ˵ȥҵķӡء
üǹ˫ĹΪͲܽӡˣôѵҵʺϵˣ
ţĽԶͷǹƵá
ʵ˫ҪľҶΪ׼ģΪƵ׼ġֻǵľְӵԲ˶֪ĴڡĽԶЦҲǵ˹ʯǺ֪˫ԭиľСŮ塣
ҵķӡҪµԪʯ˫Ằĸ߼ۣ˲ʺϽӡˣȥ塣
Ҳ֪óȻ򵽹ʯȥôԲϲߡ
ȴԪʯҪԪʯ̫Բ翪ɣƹ˵ͷƹ죡
˵վӿռָó˴ҩͷ׭лںļ۸񼫸ߵһ
ƹŹóĶһʱҲЩࡣ
ֻЩ˶ˡüһ취
Ҳ취ģģĽԶܿعЩſǰСòǶ̶һʱ䣬Ϳ첻ʶˡ
ĹǸĺӣʹЩԶ˺ԱǴȴòʵںܾǰĽԶ֪ĺܺãĹȴÿˡ
ʹص򵥵ķ٣ȴڸǲסǹ·װҹգʹ˾£ǳҲûϨĽԶҲ㹻ȥͻ顣
ʵʹƲĹ˫Ҳ½̫̫ģҹ˫ҲҶ϶½̫̫̫ǣѡԱԲŸ˵
ĽԶӳǹ˫뿪ġ
ΪܵϢǾˡ
һƹﱸ飬һ߸ѧԺ˴Ѿ͵ͷֻǹȥĵȼߣԼ۸Ҳߡ
ĽԨ޴һأתͶ֮С
ĽԨ޴ѾΪˣٶȱȴǰ˺ܶҳ͵̺Ҳ֮ǰˡ
ĶһֻעׯЩ⣬˽ׯʹһֱЩҲѴһǧĵ͵Ԫʯ
Ҫ֪ȻеԪʯļ۸һֱڵ͵ԪʯǽڴҪеԪʯǰϡչ͵Ԫʯô͵Ԫʯļ۸Ҳǡ
ѵû֣ƹ˵ҪᣬѾٿеԪʯһ͵Ԫʯ𣿡
ĽԨ޴Ц֪
ǣ½̫̫Ҷԣҵˡ͹뿪˼ңҾڹˡĽԨ޴˵ʹƴҲҪԡ
Ҳһˣ
ׯü˵һ䣬ӦѧԱ˵ǰ㲻ΪԼ
ţĽԨ޴ϴӦˣׯȴ֪ѹûаĻ
ĽԨ޴͹ıϿŶһԽӽˣǹȴԼĵߣ˶ùղôԪʯǹĽԨ޴ȴûз

135 Ʋ

ڵõ˴󣬾ֱӰԼСԺڣʼЩ󷨺ͷġ
ַЩԼܵ󷨺ͷĵķɣڷ˵ҩƺ˺һεĿʼ֡
𣿡ԪһδһЩߣֱѡ˱ɽȥļ͵Ԫʯ
еģ˵ͨһ۸񶼲ߡЩһ󷨺ͷģôǵļֵͻᷭ󷨺ͷĵĵȼԽߣôļ۸͸ߡ
ŷ׭ʣմһҺ˵˵ī̺ʹһ㣬ҲõĿڷϣѵõƷõīȻȲī̺ȴ͡
̺ô򵥣и̺޵߶Ըá
һһﵽ˶壬ͻ顣
ֻҪʱ䡣
ûиߵȵķҲûаܻƳķڰʱ󣬽ԪűõĶڹͣʺǻһһҫ۵Ĺâܿɹâֵȥһɵ
ǰڷϿĲһƺƵġ
ⲻһذףǵȼһķǲǻԪʹʦôģ
ʵʦͷ׭ʦЩ˵ֻоĲͬҪں󷨺ͷ׭ҷĹЧҪһЩʱ䡣
Ҹպö󷨺ͷ׭ԶһЩҲͶȡɡ
Ҳ̫ļ۸鷳ʦְȥԺƣʲô۸ɣ
˵תʼһϻϷ׭󷨡
Ԫ֪ʱȣһ˼Ժȥʱׯպڡׯŵǹƹķ󣬱ֵĽӹ
ӹѧԺ飬ѧԺ׬˲٣Щȥ͹ףԸԼƵķȡҩ붼ûͬˡ
Ҫ֪ԺѧһаǣʦѧǲԸѧԺˡڹͬ˽׺ѧԺ˼Ҫˣ÷ҩ飬ҪǹûмӣԺ˸ýȻĵҩҲˣǱɫѧԺѧȻѡ͹
˵Ƶĵҩ׳Ʒҩƺʦϡ
ЩΪֺù˽»һЩ͵Ԫʯȥֱ£Щ˵ҩ
ׯЩĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴úУ֪һȺѧʱĸм֮飬ѵĻȴ˵ˡ
ذʦƵģ˵࣬޵ĺʵƤҲƿԪׯʧ񣬸Ͻͣʦ˵ذ׵Ĳãȴ̫СˣƳɳضķ
ϧͿʵޣ첻ֻ̫ܾˡ
ذСһ޶ϲ̫СˣɱŮǸϲκÿĳذ׵ͿΪԼҪͼ˦ˣȴ˹
ڹǵʦݣͿһŶĵҩ֪ѹûж룬ֹͿһŶĵҩͿöһļƷҩǸͿԺֲʺõķ߻ҩ
ǲҪҩеԪʯ
Ϳ¹Ժ꣬Ȼ֪ҩô󣬼ʹһļƷҩҲǱĶﺢٺòˣͿȥ㿪ʼרҪȡĵҩ
˵ͿĵܵڷһļƷҩֱӳΪ弶ü˸˻ˣһĿͿĺá
Ϳ˶ͿҲ֪ʲôԸգֻҪʺõû̫𻵵ķĲʲãʹķҲ̫ߵļ۸
˶Щշ뷨
ֶôܱȵϸߵȵķأķʹ𻵵ĺۼȴȶķܷӸߵ
ʵׯһʼҲףڽӹԪݹذף˹Ҫʲô
ʦͷ׭ʦںµ󷨺ͷ׭ɱ޴ĶͬʱһϣܻˣʵҪѣҪʮĺȥо˵и׭ʦΪʦԵʣҲˣѾˡ
ʮ
Ҫǣذ̺ȻȲīȴҲҺµķ׭ǿ˼
˵Ҫٵ͵ԪʯׯذףҪƽ͵ʳԼ֪Ķ

136 

ԪׯεЦЦʦ˵δڼذףԲ֪١
ʦ˵ԼʮµԪʯ
ʵԪü۸Զֹˣڴ̧еԪʯһµԪʯĻʣôذһµԪʯĸ߼ۡϾذϵ󷨺ͷ׭ʹǽԪһϲͨˣҲܸ̺ܵжôĳ档
񷨱Ķ͵ȼԽԽáʵ޵ѡ񷨱ͬʱҲѡˡ
˵Բϣ޵ߵʵԼԦôͻַɵ
ԪΪ;Բϵķ
ʮ򣿡ׯһ۽Ԫ˵ģ
ԪΪׯǿ¿·׭󷨵ذףһʦ˵ʵʮ򡣡
ׯѧԺĴʦֱóιˣΪҲǱԵʣϱ¹ԺԺԺҪɫ֡Ԫ˵ׯıñɵ˫Уļڵķ˫УׯΪ߶𽥱ĸ߼ռʹ弶ıҲǺ顣
ԹҲڶķϽһЩӳ֣ׯоġ
ΪׯùڿԪ˽ѹ˹ļ۸񣬱ϾׯҲṺ
ͿׯȻϲѾͷȴòַιǼҲټڵͼķϿ·׭ǾˣֱЩǲ
ǲò˵ôһⱾǶذףȴܷذ׵ʵذ׵ˣҲõıɡ
ķųȥ۸Բͣȴˡۡļ۸ڳۡ
ڼ󣬷һʮļ۸񣡡ׯ˵ƽ˵һʮˣҲ򲻵ĺö
ӳֵ󷨺ͷ׭ʹذ׵ˣذ׵ĬȡҪǣذܷʵļҲˡ
ׯŽԪ⼸ҶڼԺǱ߻͹Ҷæ۵ġ
ΪѧԺĶ˵ǰ𣿡
ףԪׯ˵ļ۸ŵׯĻͷʧ
ׯǸϲ˵ĳϣƺѹûĳԲֹԪĻԺҲ˵ļ۸񡣵ȽԪһߣԺԲ鿴˹͹ذףҶԼͬĲм𾪡
Ѿͷôģۡ
󷨺ͷ׭ĲһСַһʦƷ
һķ׭ʦʦ˭һͼķϿЩⲻǱǲ𣿡
Ͳˣذ׺ʺЩ߹һذףԱǿ٣

Ժһ¶Ϊذף±һķͿԼҲϢ
ʵˣȻϣԼĶܱΧϿɡ
ڵ֪ׯ϶ذ׵ʱͿҲ̲סܵԺȥ֡
һŮ޳ţвٵһֱһСɵķڼԺ˵ĻţЩǶΪֺׯŹ˵ЩеĻġϾׯҪĽԨ޴ΪӣĽԨ޴ǹδ
ôŮһ䡣
Ժ˵СϲһļĻƤܲп
˰ɣķпļĻƤŮȻм˿ԥذףĻƤһ
ֻһļƤȴ˲ѿŮƺΪƤûбԼһˡ
Щ㵣ҲЩȡ
ǵãļĻƤķҲŪ˿ڵģһķȻпĻƤ
ûɣķô
ΪΪʲô˶Ҫ˷׭󷨵ķΪԪʯ̫𣿡
һʮ͵ԪʯҪˡ˻δӦʱվڲԶһ׭ѧԺŮ޴˳
ҳһٰʮ򣬸ң
ҳϾóԲõȡ
ҲԼӣұ򻹸ߡ
˻ƤŮ޴ʱҲӦ˹ҲӼ۸
ذȻŮ޵ܴ󣬵ǶȤǷ׭ѧԺѧԺˣǶ뿴ôģоһЩ
ذĳɽ۸񣬾Ȼ˲ٱ󱻻˻ƤŮޣʮļ۸
Ϣʱȴ˿Ҳȡ
˵׭ѧԺĳϣȥʦذף˵뿴ĿµĶԪЩǣǻģµķ׭𣿡

137 

һ󷨴ʦͷ׭ʦǿԴЩ󷨺ͷ׭·ϣƳ󷨺ͷ׭ô±ʻģӶԼļʶ
μӳֹذףǻеԪʯҲһʲ͵롣
ԣѱЩ˲Ķ
Ͼ˭ֻԪʯأ
ûϵһЦȻҲ֪ôһգڿȥ󷨺ͷϣ˰ơ
ЩʵƣǷƱʷġ
ţƲ
ģҲΪǰл滭Ĺףڷڶ鼮һּӰƵĶطʽ˽£ҲøտյԱȹߣоܶȴ˿ûзƳͷ
ǹղ¶Ȼı顣
֪ȻףоЩʱȴ棬˿ûлʲô
ﻹһЩʦְ͵Ժɣüͷ˵Щȼ̫ͣҲֻʺãһһЩǿԵĻ鷳ʦְ£
Ԫͷһõģ
ʵҲǰװýԪȣڼ˽ԪٵĵҩԪʯԪҪƴǣΪʵǼ֣Ųˡ
һνԪմŷߵ˼Ժ˾ͳׯų۸ˡ
˵𣿽Ԫδķǹ¼ӳֹģ̵ķ׭󷨾˵֮ǰĻҪϸׯ϶һβ޻ȥˡ
Ȼ˵ˣ˵ѳǳĽԨ޴֣ķ˷׭󷨺󣬼۸ȴĸ߼ۣׯƤֱӸԪʯ˵۸ĸߣ
ǰҲ֪ׯô飬˼ļ۸ԭǵôһհ
ϾĽԨ޴ƳķӦò̫ɣôҲû뵽ѧϰ׭˵׬ԪʯһҪúõѧϰ
ʲôأΪ׭һ׬Ԫʯ𣿹󷨣Ȼ׭󷨻ˣұ˹Ҳûеڶˣ㿴׭ʦʦйı𣿡
˵ҲǣԪ˵ﻹвٵķѧԺڶˣ޲Լķ߼ۣܳΪԼĳڶ͵ļ۸ѷ͸ֻϷ׭󷨡
ҲѧԺ˵ķ˭ֲϣԼƳĶ֪أ

ΧСЩ˵ȴܲζ
ǰмȢŮΪޣùңǿĴӦϾķϲԼֱ˷Լ츳Ǽ˼Ԫʯۿһı͹ֱԬδ֣𽥵ĶԹȤ
֪ֹԬδҲѹ࿴һ
޶ᣬɶ̬ȴʮֵı䣬˵
𽥵ҪŮޣɾǰԬδ֪֮Ŀ
Ԭδ˹ʹŷϻţõļ۸Ҳá
˵Ԭ˲ǵռңΪ˸СǱֱӷԬгϵΪԬδ߸ϵˣݺֱư͡
Ԭҳ׵İˣѹûʱٹԬδˡ
˵ԬδڳһؤȲ˶ãԬδͻһʬ塣
붯ɱԬδĽԨ޴ҲԬδŸá
Щ˻ţ˸ʹࡣ
ȻܸԬҺԬδĽȴҲʶȥӽһʲô顣ĽԨ޴ڹǰʮֵĹɣ񣬿˽µĽԨ޴ȴǸ˿ˣׯţĽԨ޴ڳصĵͻɱ
ӣڵ֪ãעԹĺ𽥱ǿҵĺ⡣
ʯǵĳʹҪһǧҪһǧ򣬱ΪǴղ룬һ˾ܽ֡
ù̫Եҹдһź͵˹Ĺʯǡ

˫ЩӹĲãΪ˽Կʦз֧Ĺ£³ĵʦһŷӡʹ˫ҪֹЩˣȴûоˡ
ֵĹʯǣڳ׵Ҫ˻ĳǡ
ߵ˫ǰ½ʦǲΪƵҩ𣿡
˫޲ɱ½̫̫᲻ö֣ĵʦ
зһȤ顣Ц˵ұΪдղǧµԪʯϾһСѾͷһĽҵӣ˭ںأ
ҷ֣Ǻˡóһźڹ˫ǰԪʯԲԪʯҲֽ

138 ʵһ

ʵڹ˫ץס½̫̫ʱ򣬲ûָõĳ㹻Ԫʯ
һǧ͵ԪʯľҶأ
ľţ򻱳ǶҲͲ˲ոһǧ͵ԪʯԹ˫ŻῪļ۸
ڹΪѹ
ʱòôջҷӡĶҪűҽ˵ǹȷģ塣㣬޷Ϊھ츳ΪԼ¶ѡ
ϧ½̫̫ȴƻ̫࣬취סĽŲʱҲֱӳڹˡ
źе˼ʹ˱ʼȴɿԵ֪ǵˮʦЦ˵ûвЩۼһ˼źڵĻ滹Ǽ٣Ҹҿ϶ġ
˭˫˵ΪʲôҪ˵ĳ
Ц޷ǸõĴˡ
¹Ժ飬ǰĹҲŸǣѧԺĹءڹƵźȻҲῴ¹ԺڲһЩˣҲ˸ŵ˽⡣
ڹɫĹ¹Ժ缦ȺΧǱĵʦǰǵ߰¹Ժʲôǡ
ΪˣûԹ
ȻΪ˸ؤӲ嶼ˣҲһǴϾע⵽˲ٵˡƩƩĽԨ޴
һǧƺļ۸̫ˣԹ˫˵һذ׾׬ϰ򣬻㵤ҩͷ׭ȵȣʵǵʱ͸úǧ򡣡
㣬еƹûз߰˰˴һ£ҲܴչһǧԪʯɣ
ϧǵҵķӡ㿼Ժ󣬵ǽȴĲɾҩΪ˸ˡ
ִԲ򣬲ֹǹ½̫̫ΪҴʯǵˣλʧ˵ʳʦҲܰǲæ
˫СŮƣҲЩŭΪܰ飬ȴ˸Ԭδ
˭ֲʶ½̫̫͹أʱѩ̿ôܶҲŪ˵أҪ˴ʯǡʹ׷ôĹĻҲԲŹġ
СŮԵһܲԪʯ
ĽԨ޴Ȼͻ̾һ˵Թһһ⡣
㵱һԬδȴؤ˽컯ŪˣǿЦ
ʱڻ߰ѷʱͣ֡
ǧ͵ԪʯѾյĲˣһЩ
ʵ㹻ڷϼϷ׭󷨣ѾߵˣҪһЩʵȽϺáڵ߰ѷ̺õʱǰһڣĵĸɸɾһŵĽԨ޴ϽԺϢ
ݼǰڸǰϰģҲ˳˳ƭٵˡ
˽¶̽һι˵߻һЩԪʯãС
û𣿡֪ˣôܰװ׸ôϽһ䡣
ü϶Ҫʦǽģ
ʦҶˡ̾ûˣôԵʳ;ƾ͡ûˣ
մ㵣ĸɾˣһЩӾͺˣôҪûˣ
ʦǲ֪ծ̫࣬ҵѹͻȻͻ£ܻħһ˵һ޵ħô
Ź˵һѻ󣬸Ͻ̧֣ͣûˡ
СѾͷ滹˵ᡢԡô˶Ļ
ԪʯǿԲûˣø׼ƣ
ͷã
һߣҲ̽ˡ
ʵЩɽȻвٵݺͱԪʯٵĿһԪʯǴ඼ȥɷ׭͵ҩˡԴʱıɽ˴˴գҲʹ˸һ͵Ԫʯ;еԪʯ
ЩɫʮĶԹ˵ĸ˵ЩԪʯȻ٣Ǳɽ˲һ⣬㡭Ҫ
ʶѾһˣҲĵĸס׽̸
Ȼ֪㾡óԪʯ˵ûа㶯ݣǶǼٵġ
ͱɽ˲ĽףѹûʲôϾ̫æ
˵ôԴأ˵ɽҽյĶ飬һһֱǵõġɽ˲ʲôҪܰæģܿڣ
ĸϽ֣Сʦ˵̫ˣֻҪ㲻Ǻ£
ȥķûһǵһģóԪʯ΢

139 ʵ

ʵ׭ѧԺ˵ǹһƽǼĲ̫һ
˽£Ҳ¹ķ׭İ̫ˣôƣҲۼ
׭ѧԺļλ϶ȥƹˣҲķ׭ûа취
׭ѧԺƺִ˵͵ԪʯһѳҪ̽ŵķ
Ǹ𾪵ǣϵķΧģⷴѳ̶ȸǴķ׭ѧԺĳϵһ䣬ɣ
ȻƷ׭飬ڷ׭粢ʲôΪұ϶飬˽²ٷ׭ʦ顣
Ļһ׭ѧԺĳ˵һǾЩΡ
׭ѧԺĳϻǲһѷƣǺ۸ˣһʱҲòô͵Ԫʯ˶ԹⱰɵĹ˫ǵĺ£ƫƫҪʲô͵Ԫʯе˭õ͵ԪʯǻеԪʯ˭ôСԪʯأ
˵ĪЩڻ˲ٵ͵ԪʯĴǣƽҶƲϵĵ͵ԪʯȴǱʮֻȣҲƾŹϵ¹ԺԼӳֹķ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻڹȥֹͣӳַĶ˶źͬʱҲʶҲǸķϲ޵ߣ޵ġ
ǵ޵ߣҲٶ˵Ŀˡ
ȻţҪȥҵķӡҲһ⣬ԽҹɫֵУóһƹ
¹Ժڵ飬ƹҲһЩϢûд򿪲Թ˵߻ЩĵҩȷһЩ
ôᣬǰĵĸɸɾԲʲô£
޵Ǹܽթ˭Ҳ֪Լж٣ᱻơվ̫ˣûб֪ĽƹЩ
ңŹʹչ½̫̫ԪʯûֹͣҲΪҪ㡣
ΪߺĽңȻọ́ȴѹֵһǧ͵ԪʯվеˣĽ߻ųȥѵ˫ùʯǵг׵Ļˡ
Ľ޷뱣ס棬ȴѹ
ƹĽԶסĽҵˣʿ¾絽˹ʯǵĵˡ
ƹ̶꣬СˣҲαӣɵģȴټˡͻȻãԼӦðһѣյߵͷʱվôһġ
лƹĺ⣬Ϣ˼Ѿ˺ܶˣ˵׼պĽȥʯǣԻ鷳ϽҰЩҩɵ͵Ԫʯ
֪ҪļԼ۸ƽҲͲ٣ûйϵ
ǹûе͵ԪʯеȵҲҪ
ƹһҩ
ʲôʱҩˣ
򿪲ڷŲٵƿƿ޹ޣһЩ׭ͷʱЩæԼһԵĶڲûƽװĺܺá
ƹɫˡ
׭ﻹһʱ򣬾ֶˡ
¹Ժ˶˵ĵĸɸɾں˹ȥЩʹǷ׭ʦҲ֪һҪά֣ܳɹ
ǰһһɢŵϢΣգƹҪΪ˼ٵĳˡ
ܿƹˣÿ޵߶飬ȻõġЦ𲼴һȥ
ͷƹˣҲûƹӶǰǰ
ûãƹƼһɫԲ۵˽꿪ڱʣŵСʲô
ʱϲӵװǰƺ֪ʵһֱʹʲô
ƹ˼ۣЦ˵һЩĵҩҲҪһеĵҩȻȲ鵤󣬵ȴҲ
üã
˲ĵҩһʣ¶ɤЩ죬ǸһŮӲŷ
ƹϰŮǰӵݣǰһӳûаŮޣǵһμ
ģƹ̾Ȼв͸¶ʲôɲĵҩ̲ƷһҲûʲô
ƹ˵棬Ҳûٻɡ
ƹ˵һлһЩҩ󣬲뿪С

140 

кȥһ͸
͸ƹļȫǷеЦ⡣
ϴιӼĵҩˣȱĽأƹ˵У֮ǰʼĿˣʲôʱṩµĵҩأ
ӿռָóһЩĵҩֶƹ˵ЩҩһЩˡ
ʦչˡ
ƹһЩεĿŹЩҩǹƵ𣿡
һĵʦȻƲЩҩûжԣٴóʼ˵͸Ӳʿ˵ȥ·һֱϲ
͸ʵܶⶼϲ̨ģĽ׶ܺڰǽ׻ǿҪ̽Ϣ͸һɲʺûҲʿ˵ҪʲôֻǰŰ¡
ҲΪ͸Ӳʿ̫ĶЩ˶ϲ͸¡
ƹŹĻҲ֪Լʵ̫࣬ĲЩˣʶת˻⡣
һʮöʼƹתóһǶ𣬵ȿȷҩû󣬻ٸµԪʯ
´պȡ
߳͸ʼԼԪʯ͵ȵԪʯԼǧˣеȵԪʯҲвǧҡȥݴ½У̤棬оһЩѹ
ʵ˷Ǹ󣬶Щ޵ߴʵ͡
ҪĶＸС
кбԵЩСˡ
ܳΪУΪϵµºСˣÿһ˶ʮֵľְй¶˰ϢлһԪʯԼĴԪʯ档ҪԪʯֱҵеǮׯһұ֤ܶһ
Ϊеıվŵ˲٣ĹٳĺʦְеĳϣԲ޵߶壬ԸС
Ͼ޵ģȡԪʯԪʯҪˣȷڿռָﰲȫ
λӣҪʲôأһλɫĳȹŮ棬Ů㣬üЦз׭¯ȵȡ
Ůһһ͹ʲôû˿ͷġ
ҲǵһУԱĿˣһЩ
վŮԶһˣԼӴĿ֮󣬲ЦСԪҲź˵ˣ۾ҪһЩʲô˶ȥӴѵ֪ǹпɲǹڡ
˵˼ܼ򵥣ڹڵ˲ĹˣеȵϹڵأ
ڹеʱ򣬸˱Լǰ꣬ʵĺܡ
ϵĿռָЩϣǼﴫ˺ܾõϵͨ˴ŵĶûа
ˣǻֱӵġ
ΪˣѾˡ
Щ˶ûʲôģҪ￪۽硣
ƹ˵ҪԺΪͰЩ޵߸ϳȥˡ
㣬ҵĿˣСԪŮڻش긾˺ֶԹǸЦЦ˼ӣҷˡ˵¯˶𣿡
һ¯ʦлʱʮɵĵ¯˵ⷽ¯ΪáСԪ˵л̴ʦˣӵС㡣
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СԪЦ޵ؾ£ʵûʲôֵġл̴ʦ̫ˡ
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ңļĵ¯۸һҲͣҧǮĵ¯
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ʹⵤ¯۸ͨļ¯۸ҪһЩǺôҲҪһǧеԪʯһķЦһӣʲô
ΪһǧµԪʯ
뵽ʲôһЦĸǷˣµԪʯҲδµԪʯҲˣ˵¹Ժ˵ҡ
СԪüͷ¶ֲá
ޣӰ˲٣ЦʱֺͰ
ˮе޵ǣ޻ŮޣᱻϽӴΪŷϣСһСԪ
գСԪڹӴ˿ͺĹֱϳЦ
ǷϳЦԼСԪȥ
ǹϾ޹ģƾʲôأ
Ҳûй涨˿ЩҪ򣡡СԪ¶ãңƹĶ˵ˣּΪ˰¡
㣬㲻Ϳ˵

141 

˵ĻԭֻǸ
ϺǰССԪͲˣСԪǸϲϢ˵ģһֱŷϣԷϲŻ˵޼ɵڿǰСԪӡ
ǹմ͸ܵ߼޵߹£ϻҶǹڴŵڹΪʵûаɺۣԹһֱû
żȻҪںкͶУ̫ۻע⣬ʶѡͨ
ȴ룬Ҳֹۿ˵͵Ķ
˵𣿡ϼĬΪԼ˵˹˼ûԪʯЩ뿪ɣбϾģɲǿ۽ġ
֮úõȥŬʲôأҪү
СԪͨ죬ȴֱ׾Ĳ֪˺ͷִֻܲͣĺ͹Ǹ
ŹͷԶһЩִ˹ȥŷ׭Ĺ̨͹˵ǰһµļ׭ˮǵУַ׭Ųһ޵ߵλӡ
ΪתƣԼ۸񲢲ߡ
룬Ƿ¯һǧеԪʯ𣿡
СԪЦŵͷأ
һļĵ¯۸Ҫһǧ˰ģⵤ¯е£Լ۸һǧ򡣡СԪ˵ʵⷽ¯վǳл̴ʦ֣ĵ¯Ҳá
ǹⷽ¯һ͹һſתƵصļ׭
ͷţҪˣ
СԪֻ˵˵Ͼ׭ϲ̶ܹصתƵķ׭Ϊ˵޵תƵصķ׭ֱתƵһļ档
޵˭ԼЦû취˭ҲתƵصķ׭
ļ׭ʦҲ̶ܹصתƵķ׭תƵصķ׭һֱ٣۸Ҳߡ
ַ׭Ҳʮţ룬˵˵һЩļĵҲһЩң
СԪ¶Ϣˣ⡭ʹ£
Ƭ̺СԪ˹¡
λԱСԪͷϸῴ£Цʮºͣ͹˵һļ¯ʮŷ׭ļҩĵҸĨͷһļ۸ǧеԪʯ
ǹȷҪˣҷ׭Ҳֹ͹һţţһʮţ
һķϼ¶ˣǲм
һߣǧеԪʯ
ټˮǣмóôԪʯһأʹܳүٵʱҲóô
վԶ׼Ц
µްЦ˵ǧеԪʯнΪṩһĹʹȥڵĻʳǣҲſܾ۵ŻݡﻹܷԪʯ޶ǧϵԪʯ
£ϲЦ
ֹ
һĹû޶ģŶԪʯУҿ͸֧ڵϵԪʯֿ˿Ϊ㾡ȫ¡ſĿǰֻţֱĸҵĹʦӵУеǣûʸá
ĹȻҲû޶͸֧ĶȴֻǧϵԪʯˡֿ˴Ǵ峤еĳǣҲһЩˡ
Ĺ˵֡͸֧ԪʯŶǧϵԪʯ
Ĺѹûʸõģµ޷ڴ̼̹
ļĹȻ˵еĹʵϼȲ͸֧ԪʯŶֻеԪʯĶȣֻܾ۵Żݡ
ǱϾеĹԼʹļĹҲвҪ
һݵ
µ˵ЩģҲĳǰλˣʵ˵ʱ򣬱ѾòôԪʯˣеĹ£˵㻰ɣ
µЦȻ
ΪﻹһЩҲĬĿŹ͹µĽԹûжôҪˣ
ӿռָóһµģǧеԪʯµȥ̵°ɣ
²ֹϵɫ䣬һСԪҲ׵ıˡ
˶ûԤϵһ꣬óôԪʯ
µҲĿ΢֪ΪʲôͻȻƵ鷢ɳǡ
˵ʱҲ˲һλ伫СŮܳΪĵʦŮȴɹ֤ˡڣվǰҲ󡭡
ѹֳ˵Ӣ۳ꡣ
仰Ĳ˵˵ô򵥡
ãƺһҲڣͻȻͳȥһĹͣԵȣ
Թǡ͡

142 

ιµĶ꣬Ҳٴִŵˣôˬģлû
괩ļͨʹòķȴܿĳǸˡ
Щδ۹˵ʱʵҲǶ϶ǰòôԪʯ
ֻˬĸԪʯЩ㵡
ŴڵһıϿļҵĺӣôҪһˣ
СԪ½ԲŻһ˵ġ˵ҾǼһ˿ûΪҪͳһĹòģЦ˵ǸǱĺӡ
ͱ˵˷ŵ飬ĿģϵüͷȴΪǸصģôҲ顣
ɳλŮȥˣйǳڹ޵ߡ¹ԺȷͷʢյͽܣǸŮޣǶȻġһЩ̣еƹߵĽ˵ҪΪ˾еһС£ȥյ͵Ԫʯ
Ц²δ÷Ǹǹֻǣ⻰˵ȥˣǲܷڵģ
صıȣһµĻ˵ȥûж֣մȥҲվӰеȡ긶Ԫʯʱھȵͬʱȷôһ˿ġ
ΪеĹ£ʵһҲֻĹȥҪûȥ̽Щ˲Ǳġ
Ͼ峤ţͱеºͳĹֵõ
ǹͳȥ˵ѴﲻһôҲᱻ𱸵ǰ;Ҳ׵Ļˡ
񱱳˵ЩҲǾԼ̫嶯ˡȴеȸգûкڣ˳̵Ԫʯ󣬳ȥ˹һĹ
ʵڵ飬Ȼ֪ǴĲܲ²ĳˡ
ǱˣǻԼˡ
סѹɸ˹һǸ̬ȣҲ¹ջ
ȹŹͶ߳кתһķ˵СԺȥ̵ⷿɡ
µģû뵽ͻȻ˵Ļʲô
Լʲô֪㲻ȥⷿǸ뿪ˡüҲһµʲôԿ̬ȣҷǳ
֮ܳΪݵĵһУΪؿˣ㷽ŵĻ˵𣿡
Ҳܷ˵Ŀֱ֣÷뿪С
ĵСԪòеС֪ܵͿκһˣҲܴװϣֱӶ϶ǵǷԪʯ
﷢飬ûʲôȤ֪
ص¹Ժ󣬵һǿʼתƵصķ׭ΪȲ̶ܹصתƵķ׭ַ׭ʹļķ׭İҲļ׭İ˺ܶࡣ
ڻ˵ŵʱ򣬱ȫôַ׭
Ϊַ׭ԹֻŻ͵ķ׭
ķ׭ʹ͵ص㣬Ҳļ׭ܴͺԶľ룬ܱûеĺá
֪ʯǸΣյĵطԲò
˭ҲûСԺﻭ˲ٵķ׭һЩҩڽָ
һж׼õʱȴԺſڼ档
̧ͷ㿴һղҰ׵Ůüﻹ˿˿ƣҲ΢΢һߵǰ̯֣
ʶ̯֣㿴ԲĶС
弶ʦƳİ㱣á˵Ż
ѹܾĻᣬת뿪˹סСԺ
ְʵһʦҲƣֻСĿʦ͵ȼҲżӱ
弶ڹǾ򲻵ģʹڹڣҲǺĶ
ǸȵˣֹصĶ
û˿İ˿ռָմУȥһȡԪʯĽԶĽԨ޴ŹʯǱȥ
ʱҶڵ֪Ϣ̾һ˵ܻɣ
˵ʲôأɭü⺢ȻֻܻϾļ£Ϊ¹Ժ˲ܲͣ
ǲͣǲղ͡վôһӣܲ𣿡

143 Լһ

ȥʯǵ·ϣִǰźֵĵطʵ޵߶Ѿ˲١
ԽǽӽʯǣΧ̾͸ϡˡ
˫ʦ飬վŭ˵ʦĲٵʦ
Ĺĵʦ͵λܸߣӵһڵʦġʦóȴóսɱԵҲ˿ʦ˴ʦ
ҲõʦʶǱŽ
֤ʦͬʱҲѰʦһֱ
ڹʯǳ󣬵ʦֱӶϾ˹Ӧʯǵеҩǳֶ˹ʯڲٵԴҲֱӴСǳˣ޵򲻵ݺ͵ҩ򵽲ͷ׭ֻ뿪ʹڹʯϼ壬Ҳв˶ѡǨˣֻ뿪֮ǰûٸ˫鷳
ǱڹʯǺúõģȴ˫ˣȻ顣
Եȹ˵ʯǵʱ򣬼ŵľͷζ
ټĹʯǣһƬңûа˵ĺۼ
߹˵Ѿ֪ˣٹ¹еľӾͻᵽˡĽԶ˵ţɱӺ
Ĺһֱʦǳ߼ʦ˫ݷڴҵûôأҪǹ˫ǻĳһûҵĴЩΡ
Χĳǳ¹ʯǣΪĳǳصĳֱûҵľӳ˵ˣһλ𵤺ڵʿǴСá
˫Ϊʵֺγ֪ԼʲôĽش𣬡ţħˡ
޵һ׷ߵȨԵһ׷Ȩ͵λһĸʵ˫ǰĴ㣬ϣһΪٽЩסŸϾʯӽеĳǳأ򻱳ǿ̫ࡣǹƵ׵Ļ˹˫ļƻԬδԬδԼҲûʲôþأԹ˫Щˡ
ǹãù˫׷ģԲЩ飬ܡ
Ʃ磬ҵķӡ
ʵ͹Σ˵ҵķӡż˳İ취͵ҩдǣֻЩôҲע⵽ӡ
ԣƲ⣬ӡûô򵥡
Ҳ֪޷ڸӡΣգкеĴ嶼ûķӡжΣմ𰸲Զ
Ǹˣδӡ⣬Ҳûȥ̫ҷӡ顣
ǿʼߣ˵һֱڷӡΪнƣǽȥֻš򻱳ҲΪĽԶȷľ޵ߺͨ˶˳Ǩλӣûκˡ
ǳأ˾ͷǳˡ
ʼ棬ӡﵽʲô˺޵ǵע
˼С㣡һԶĸ¥վһ׵ӣò㣬üȫǷ飬
ӵķȥҲӸ¥أС㣬ҽйųǹųӡ
ֵ;СĴһȻͬ졣
Цǿȥų𣿡
˳һļĳɫʹվĽԨ޴ߣҲûаȻʧɫǹϵĿ⣬һ˿ûע⵽һ
ųΪò޸ĿױյĽ۹⣬ʵвŮ޲ĽҲΪòʧ
ȻǿԵġųֻǶ࿴˹ۣ㿪ʼ·
ĹʯһƬߣʹ˫ΪסĵطҲ粻֮ǰĸۡˡ
ס˹ʯǵһɽɽϣҰΧһУ뿪Թ˫ʱ򣬹˫˿ûа緢ı֣¶˼Ǳ顣
ɼӹ˫Ĳá
С㣬Ҳ˵ûõĻˣ˫˵Ԫʯ𣿡
ЦȻ׼ˣôųĸأ
˫ߵĹų˸񣬹ųº󲻹Ƭ̣½̫̫
½̫̫֮ǰһЩǾŻһűƼ˹ɫˡ
ĸ½̫̫ЦЦܿˣ
㿴ĽԶҲۿ
µĶ꣬ô֪˵ĹʲôأΪѾˣû뵽ĽԶˡ
С㿴ˣ˶úõģû˺һ˿һ˫ŭǣȴҴ˲ٵ鷳ĸҪԱ
ԣ֮ǰ̸һǧ͵ԪʯѾˣ
ڣҪ½ʦøǧ͵Ԫʯ

144 Լ

ʵ˫ѾɽˮĵزˣжȻԤ뵽ġ
һĽԨ޴ĽԶΪ˫ĻԲۡ
޳ܣĽԶҧгݣ˫αӣ
αҲãСҲգ˫ЦѾˣҲںôۣ
˵ţ˫վ½ʦǧ͵Ԫʯ˵ʦǲİɣ
˵ʦһԪʯڶ̶̵ʱڣԪʯӣź͵˫Ҳù˫̶̰񲻽ĵʦʦͷ׭ʦָ߸ϵˣʹյһҲӣҲܸԣĹһˡԪʯֶû˻׬½ʦƹûˣûˡ
Թ˵ʦԺúõ룬üŸҴ𰸡
ߣǧôθڣ
˵ֱ̧֣һͬʱ˫оԼӲԼʹһĲ˹С
νСȴ˫һּѹȵĸоĳʯѹԼϣܴϢ
˫֪ûнԲŸ˵ķĽԨ޴ĽԶѹûϾҲûڵˡ
ټĴЩķӦٶȴѹϹݷȺ˷żĴڡ
ֹǶô򵥣ͷųѹߵĽԨ޴ĽԶòڵǴ粽еĵֹ
Ϊ΢һЩ½̫̫ǶҪڹȥˡ
Ȼûдﵽľ磬ѹͷŵĲˣԵ˶ѹסˡ
㡭ˣϽڴ󷢳ʲô
ʲô𽥵ɿѹŹ˫ȴҲ¹˫ɫҰףȻѪ̰ĶĵԼһأǽɱǣҲû˻˵Ұ䲻ǣǵΪû׼ʦỹлңνң
ңڹѹ󣬹ҲӺ˳ôҲû뵽˵ͷԼ׵вǣҸˣҾ游һᣡ
᣿Цƾǣ
µĹ˫۰׶ˣߴڹУȴûаС棬ɹѹơ
ļˣһֱõʦޣʹΪܸߣҲǵҩȳģޣֻҪڳôǼʹ̧˳룬Ҳòӡˣ񱾾ԺĵӣһΨһͽܣͨĵʦżģ
Ŀʹ˵ʱҲǻأ˿㼱Ҵҵӡ
Թ͹˫϶ǸˣϲֵĴ³֮ˡ
ߵˣ඼ΪʹһϣҲа취ȻĴĸ뿪Ц뿪֮ǰҲɱĸס
Ϊ̫ڵվڲԶʿǶҶˣųʶ˼ǰŮЩֲ
ʵڹ֮ǰͶԹų˵ϲɫ
´޺ŮȻʵҲµʱҲѡ顣ź߹壬ĽԨ޴ã޷ĽԨ޴ĿΡ
Ȼ֪ĽԨ޴жôĿʣȴ֪׵ֵµȷһӡų
ʵǴ߼۸ùųŹٻعдԪʯ
ǹųܹ¹ôԹżҶԣĺ¡ȻųһˣϹŮޣյҩԴˡ
ΪжеųںңҲҲԿ
ʹһֻѣôҲõٵĺôԹżкôҲеġ
ڹѹûӦˡ
òų̫ĺôȻҲ˲ںΣѹģҲδ
ڹųЦᣬɱһ˼һǹŹ˫񣬷λڿһֻϡ
ųʱףòһǾƭġ
Ĺﲢһϲ°õˣϲȥ׷˼ĶƩΪƩǿ߶ս
ˣ˫ȲվڲԶڵʿǴ󺰣ǻվʲôҸˣҪĶ㶼ûˣ

145 Լ

ʱĹƽյʢˣЩҡ
ЩʿǶϺ꣬ô֪ʱľʲôأ
һʼ˫͹岢ûиǣбޣֻ˵ĽԶ
޵ߵıز۵̫磬ͻ˵ָкܴĸұĽޣսͨʿ̫߳ࡣҪɱ˫ĹͷƤ顣
ǰŮò飬ûͻͷųѹȴǴ粽Уû
΢о˶ܷ쳣
ҲŮʲôŮΪضͨ޵߸ȹ̣ԲΪﲻֻˣһϵĻʹսʤ⼸ˣǿ϶Ҳֲʲôá
˫ջȷˣǵȻĶȻҲڶΪС
ٺõ棬ҲҪǻŲã
ˣôʲôûˡ
Լʹ庰һ䣬Ҳûǰһ
ģҲҪ㸸׵Ͼһ׼ĻƻơһЦһֱӻĵľҲӡڣʹͨˣҲڼھȥֻΪ;ˣҲòֻͨǳһЩ
˫ۣ񶾣
˵񶾣ôȵϹųأش𣬡ⶼǹųҵġʹųˣС㲻𣿱ΪվƣĹʯͲ˵ˣ
Ͳĸ𣿡󺰣һѡԱģ
ԱֱЦǹŹѡԱôһǶĿ࿴ϾҲʯˡǹŹԱˣһжǰˣ˻Щ
ǹ˫͹壬ǹﶼʲôظˣ˲ֹûеߣΪŲֶΡԼʹгһգùɱ˹˫ܻȥôǾԻᶯֵġ
˽Լڵһλ
Ϊ֪ЩŻԹ˫֡
ʵڹ˫½̫̫ʱ򣬹Ѿ뷨ˡʯ׼˺ܾãΪϵͻƻǵҩ塢Ƿ׭˺ܶ࣬Աʱ֮衣Ϊ㹻׼Ÿ˵š
ڹΪѵʱ򣬹Ѿˡ
ڹеĹ˫ҵĽһ̶ѪϵĶ죬һ߻˹˫ĵ;һַӡ˹˫
ͺñùͷѵ̼Ȭһ飬ʹ֪
˫Ҫʹﰾϼʱ۵ĺ漸
Ȼû뵽˵־Ķ֣ΪסصĸͻȻ£ʱͻˣǽǼˡ
һĹų仰ɫҲѿ
ǲǼ۸Ļôôȥأ
֮ǰ棬Ҳ֪Ź˫ӣҪ׵ˡ
ųģΪҪ棬ԲŲ˽ǹ岻ôôأ
½ʦԪʯˣƹҪų˹ĻƹҪǵһǧ͵Ԫʯ
ߣĽԶ仰ҲҪֱӻ˹ųվĽԶߵĽԨ޴ȴͻȻˡ
ĽԨ޴ﲻ֪ںʱһѱŹųͷ˹ȥֻգ۾ųʱ䶼ûѳʹĵڵֹʼɢǱ˴롣
齣޵˵仰ΧļλվԶˡ
ޱͨ޵߸ײУ齣Ľޣ˵ֽʱħʹǲħǵֶҲʮֵİࡣ
ֽͨ޵ߵ齣Ľޣ˵ޱȵĺڰ
ֽʵܶ޵ų⣬ûĶħԼʹҲûа취Ͼÿֶβһ
ų齣ֺ󣬾;ˡ
ʵĽԨ޴һֱ죬ûзϣΪֲýӽĽԨ޴û뵽ĽԨ޴ȻҶ֡
ϧųû˵ֱ˹ȥ
ڣκͷҲڷı䣬𽥵ȥ
ô֪ǴųĸһѾǸˡųĸ׻ңų׳ΪһͨˣΪˣʱȥ
Ϊʤȯ𣿡ʱһ˵˳һҲûô÷Ů㣿
½ʦƹõͼ˶ûҵĽҩǱضʹϼʮܾĥ

146 嶾

ֻԶ߽һȶ˵ĸˣѾԳΪĸףòȴɲŮĽΡ
һһжǸδĺһʮֵ峺ûаʡ
ˣڣû˻ʶѾףѾǸĸˡ
ĸף߽ϽСܵߣˮǻ˸׺͹ų
ĸ֪¡˰Źͬʱüȴżֲмƺų͹˫ԲҪ
ȹĿ΢СһЩ󣬸˲վЦЦ˵ʦͻ˰ɣ
ιˣһιСΪ˷˴¼㸲𣬶ιסȥˣӶᵽĹĹ˱ͳ޵ûʲôøУҹΪʦȷ׭ʦʦʦȵȸ߳һף˳Ĺ˲ٵĿͷĸ׵˹⣬ʶ˹˫
ΪòɫԹ˫ʮֵʶʱĹ˫ѾȢޣһֻҡ
ǹ˫ϲ̧Ϊƽޡ
ȻҵСʹιҲС
ֻ֪˫۰һңȴ֪˭
㷽˵Ķʲô˼ֺ⡣
ʹЩ˲ٵ޵ߣ걻׷ɱʱ򣬸Ǽʶ޵Ĳпᡣڿʱɾôһɵǹ˱Ǹ߸ϵǿߣʱһΪǸżǲȴԶ׼ԡЩ
µҲ֪زͷԼʹЩ־壬ȴɻЦ˵Ļ𶾡
𶾣ʻĽԨ޴İΪǸʦĻɫ䣬޳ܣ
Ц½̫̫ƹϷŵʲô˵ʦôԸǽأ
˵˵ʦѾҵķҵӣóҲ˰ɣôټ˵˵׵飡
ƳһһϢĹ˫䣬һǣ˾Ȼܲƽ͵ĺҼ̸ף
Ҳģڹû˿Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼƭڹǰһЦֱ˵ˣֻǻһա
ȷϲ˫ЩҲ޷ڻΪ˫ºӣҲ޷Ǿù˫ѹ˫һǲѡĸ飬һҲ˫ġ
˵ʦվҲˣҸط˵ɣֱôڲٵ˳ȥŹȥ˴ԡ
ڼ䣬Ҳûֹ½̫̫Թ˵
½̫̫뷨ܼ򵥣ʽײ
㣬Ϊзеƹ꣬ںܶʵĺܿڵ֪ԼѾл𶾵ʱһӦЩźԼûɵ룬гСܿҳЦƾôһˣôأ
ǰΰˡ
ڼ䣬Ҳ͹ˣʲôǻ𶾡
ʦ͵ʦһҲҪӴ𣬶ʦ̫ǲעʱմϵʦǻ𶾡
ʦһǣֻ˳󣬾ܳװ鷳ΪʦԿǣѻ𶾴ų
ҪǣʦմȾʦųĻ𶾣ô˼ʹʦҲȾ𶾵ġ
ֶ񶾵ķӣʵιǽֹʹõġΪʦﵽųĻܳڱ棬С
ʦǶôֻ𶾣ôջҡ
뿪ιˣȻںأ͸ΪʵֶεˣԸںᶾ˭ջʲôĲˡ
Ҳûа취⣡һĽԨ޴˵ֻĻ𶾣ֻǶµá
Ҫ޵ߵΪﵽٷ˵Ѫܽˣ
ֻҪﵽôôף½̫̫аճΪˣȴ֪ΪʲôǲܽʵҩҲûٷãǾ
һоͼˣ˿ں۵Լйϵ˲ˮ󣬼ûԸ⶯ֺ̧˲ˮЩûж
һЦټĹһλʦƳأ
Ц˵еģžƳѾˣĵ¯𶼲֪ȥ

147 ӡ

΢΢Ŀżִ
ʱžزǼ򵥵˵ô򵥡
ĹҲΨеžƵķӡģʵΪžʱĽԶ׼ĹĻ˵žӻҵĻԣ
žʮ꣬Ѿõѩӻˡ
˵Ľζӵѩӻ𣬾ҵԵ꣬ҲŻžﵽڣȥҵǸĻӣ޷øžΪ˫𣿡
ʦеʱʵȶʱΪڵĺӻ͵ʦǵôյĸԣһֱ룬žﵱںʦ£ǲΪأ
˵žŮˣȻΪЩºӣǳ飡
һӵŵʦȻҲ֪ûԼӵĵʦ඼ѡҪӡΪյʵһҲ٣Ҫܳʱ䣬»صԭӡ
žǸϲʵǿߣʹΪŮޣȴСĺʦ˵ɺһս
ֺγ֪㣿ԲûĺȥӽžžУʱֱӶȡӻ
˭Ҳû뵽žѹϻҵκһӣǵõѩ
鵽ʲôӵ˭Ҳ֪žȷˣڻžҲһ񼫵Ůˡ
ԣ˵ߣķӡžµĵ𣿡Ļ󣬵˵һ䣬ӡֻеôӦûбĶ
һʹ˴򽻵ȷǲۣȴҪС
ѹûӡ֣ǹȴܲ³ĿģԼЩʧܡ
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˵ֻҪҳһݼɣؾϹѪҺҾԲȾָ
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һöļ۸ڵʱۼһϵԪʯ
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ҵ̫ˣһĻӣô˵Ĵĵ׷ɱž
ô֪ϢģϾϹѪҺ
ϹѪҺɣ
룬ǿԵĻʵ˸ҪϹѪҺɣϹѪҺְԵĶһ޵Ȼòˣʹ취ˣҲȫõġϹѪҺƵĵҩκһöҩʦ壡
û´һͻȻʧιҲΪϢɣҪϹѪҺ͵
ܸߣʹָ壬Ҳ͵ļ۸ϹѪҺ˵ݴ½ʵҲʮΡ
˵У޷ȥҵķӡǰĹ䲻СˣΪˣѹܽؾֲģŻ޸ų
ӣúӴȥӡΪͲˡ
ΪʲôңһΪҿ԰쵽óϹѪҺΪ㷢ֹųѾˣŮȷûбؾų
ȻҪǣ֪и˽ؾ
˵Ķ𣿡

148 

νҵķӡʵ־֮ǰɵСؾ
ؾ־ִֻԽ룬֮¡
Ҫǣͱڶʮ֮ڡ
һЩôؾ޵߻ֱӱ
ǿǿн룬ʹᱬ壬ؾҲ𣬶Ķʧĸɸɾ
˶ڴؾ⣬ǽȥҪôˣҪôʹųҲΪ˷ʹЩ˷ˡˣҲ˲ٵϢ
Щ껹޵߽ӡɼĶջȷС
㡭ɫò԰ףָ΢΢зŴݵӣңҪѪҺġ
ֻҡͷ˵ѣ
ֽű䣬Ǳ˷˱һڹǰʲôزסʼɹǲǻˡǹôȻҲµҴ˷һιѪҺ
ʵһͻȻ뿪ιҲΪ˿ķʽöѪҺںϵԼڡַӵܲãȴҲ
վ˰취ҲҪ֪
ɱ֪ӵˣι;УҲιĴ塣
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ȻģΪֵļٲģҲ̤ؾΪԿһΪؾͱˡҲѡ޸˫ԭҪģҪһ顣
ڹУᱻҵʯõѡ
Щ˫ҲʮĻϻйڻ˭ҲûзʵŮʺȥؾ
ڵ֪Ҳĺͻҵ˻ȥؾҲЩˡ
С̫ˡάԼϵЦȴ˿ûʶԼЦ̫ڽӲЦݿʮֵĹŹ֣ҲҪѪҺġ
ǣҪһָ塣
û˵ĬĿ
Ȼ˵ȴǲ
ҡֻ֪иǧĵľ˻ȥؾڣĹҵʮ߹ҲᡣҲ֪Լ˵滰Ĳȥģʮ߹ǵչ
֪Ļֻ˵һ룬ȥؾˣԲֹЩ
ʵһʮ߹ѾͷˣΪʮ߹ĹʺϵСŮǵˮĵʦѾżˡ˵λʺĽһûҶɵĴڣΪһļʵͺʦ£ҪǽһļͺʦĹϵʮֵУ꺫ʦĹĹʦҲǿڽϼϡ
ʺжӶŮҲֻСλûн
룬ԼΪ˽ؾûн
Ƚؾѡʱʵߵһλˡ
ǧ𡭡
ûмǴĻǧʵ壬ڻ塣ɱĽԨ޴ĸģǻһˡ
ǵЩĽԨ޴ȻҲǵá
ʱĽԨ޴ȭͷʶһš
ĸĽԨ޴ȻԹ޵ģӿΪʹ֪ͻʱΣգѡǰߡΪΪ׸
ĽԨ޴δڹԼ£ȴЩˡ
ΪʲôҪͻأ
ΪŹȥؾˡ
ĽԨ޴֪ǸԸ鼫ѵˣ԰ǲмһˣǹԼĵߡ½̫̫ԹãԹҲԸȥЩů
֪ҷӡΣգԻȥ
лһ壬лҡĥһᣬһؾڳɣ
ȻɭڵޣҲطˣ
ҧס´Ҳ֪סˣ꣬ؾͻᱬըˡ
־ޣµάֲӡˡԽꡭ
ֻҪһָ壡˵Ҫȥ͵ÿָˡԭ壬Ȼǹ˵ʦˡ
仰˵Ĳ鲻ԸȻʧȥЩصĶµѾûа취ˡŮôܻǧʮ߹Ķ֣ȥĻһս
ʵһ
˵ʦˣؾڼȻĵôҲ֮ǰ־ĵҩûôƹ½ʦģǹǽһвѵҪĿ𣿡
ЦȻῴΪʲôҪأ
˲ΪҾû취ĸϵĻ˰ɣ
ҿɱ㣬ѪҺ

149 ӡ

˵ĺɫ׵ıòҰס
ξԼ˾·
ڴ˿ƺܸܵѪҺʼᣬһ˪ѩҪ¡
˵ӣĻ˵
ºǸò֪ˣǹȴȨߵѪ
ֻǹѪĵվǰôԲġ
㲻ɱңˣվɱңѪҺͻ̣ʵã
ˣʦпռָӣǷ̵˵ôôʹųĸأ
Ĵʱ˶ǽӲģŹȫǾ
һʦȻᱣݵʶȣҿռָʱǾֹģŽȥѪҺʹóҲʵġ
ҡˣ㲻ɱң֪ڹѪҺ顣
Ψһĳ룬һ˵һſռָ֪ôѪҺɱң͵òˡ
ұͶԹѪҺûʲôȤǴݵĿңҲδõѪҺô֪һأ
Ҫ޳ˣ˷Ź˫ڵϰӣ׵̱ӡ
Ϊϧ޵ߣ˭ֲأ
ҲɱҲУǡ˵䣬ֻܷһˣҳϣȻͻᱬ
Ҫġ
Ȼ֪νʲôԣһҪ͵ȵū۷ڵʱõģΪһԣô͵ڰ˵С΢ˬôҲᱬ
ֺȴʲôö
ԹǶ񶾵ġ
˵ѡ޷ֻһܽؾڡǱѾȻ½̫̫İΣǶһչǣҲܷһЩ
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ңܾؾڻᷢһЩԤ飬˳Ĺס½̫̫Ļ𶾡
ԸҲûϵվЦҲɱ㣬һ͹ųһ
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֪ı֤ţȴѡȻҲ˫ҵĵ
֮£Ů巢䡣
ڹһֱãģôҲû뵽Ȼᷢչ˵ĵزֻһżߵĽԨ޴ĽԶҲոսΪôýĸ׵ͷأ屾Ϊ˹ù䡣һж뷨ۣùǴϵ˵£Ǵڵ֮С
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ĽԨ޴ǸԽӽˣǶԹȴȫȫĳĽԶ˳ˣҲԹķԸ˵һ
ʵһʼûѡ
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ΪʲôΪ۾ˣһż
ӦͿԽˣֻǲ֪Ϊʲôȴûͻơ˵ĹҲʮꡣ
δһ޵ʮĵʦʦ׭ʦҪһżȻѹסΪˡ
еĿ¡
ʱҲףΪʲô¹Ժ˻ðΣոǴźˡ
ҲԸ˹ȴּʹʵϣϽ
ʱѹûĹ壬°ס½̫̫㣬˽󷨣˲ٵķ׭͵ҩڼ䣬½̫̫һֱöԲΪԼ˹
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ǲûаյ£ȴҲ뿴Լǰ
ǹĹ㲻һڰȵˣΪзղŻõԼҪĶ
ҲΪʲôҪȥҷӡҪԭ

150 뾳

ǻڰ֡
޵ֲпĵط벻ֹͣǰߣղѡ
ҷӡȴΣգǹһϹѪҺȴʮֵȤ
˵ݴ½ǰ˴ڵģͷֵޣҲߴ
Ϊݴ½𽥵ϡЩ޾ﲻ棬뿪ط
ĺۼȴѾԶˡ
ڹԣЩʵڴǰ޷ǴǵĴС
ݴ½ȻҲǴ˵ȴĴڵĺۼġ
ùú棬Ҳʶһ¡
ʵ¹ԺԺĵڶ鼮ϿϹļأ˵Ϲܵ󣬻ɻҽȻԡеʦ˵ǷϹѪҺô޵߻᲻Ҳأ鼮д˷뷨ΪϹѪҺ̺İԵͨ޵õġ
ϹѪҺȷƵҩ
޵߻Ȩߣǹ̰Զ׼ġڵ֪ϹѪҺƵҩ̺Ĵ󣬱㿪ʼϹﶯ֡
˵һֻϹ˺صˣȴûڵ֪Ϣȥ˳ǧĸ߼޵ߣ˺սϹˣõôһЩѪҺ
ݴ½ģϹѪҺˡ
Ź뿪ʱĽԨ޴һЩ͹ؾģҲ֪ΪԽӽؾؾޱߣͣס˽Ų
Ҫǣ½̫̫㣬չ½̫̫
֪ΪʲôĽԨ޴Ϊڹ֮ϣȴԼ͹ľԽԽԶĽŲ̫죬Ѿ׷治ȥˡ
һҪúõĻĽԨ޴ͷ˿ǳŨܵĽëȴ
Ц˵Ȼ
ĸ̾ͽĽչˡ˵ҲҪСһЩ
ţĽԨ޴ش𣬡ҵ
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Щ˶ŹɹáʱȫǸм֮顣
һĹȴùװģЩͨ˺͹нʣҲﲻϹʲôæֺαΪ˷ʱأ
Ҫ֪޵ߵʱҲܱ󣬺αںЩϣ
岻Ҳ͡
ÿںĶһ
ȻɱЩ͵ҲǾ֮ͣΪβأЩͨ˵ҲڹȻÿ˵ĳƽȣƽȵġ
Ϊй֣ʱ·;ϱƽܶࡣ
°ɫ۵޳ڣΧϵȺ΢΢ü˵ҵķӡй¶ޱΪʲôҲûʲô󰭡
عӻиŮصūȥʹˣ˵֮ǰиʦ·ЩޡڳһЩ󷨣õͼ޲ܿ
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ѵҲֹʮ߹ˣ߹Ҳˣ
ŮԣҲū澲֪
߹Ƕĵʦһֱûͻʦľ磬ҵĶҲġЦΪҵķӡôý𣿡
Ůش𣬡Щضǹӵģ
Ȼҵģ΢΢ĿҲҵģ
һȺ˵ҷӡ󣬷ΧѾвٵ޵ˡ
̧ͷ㿴ԶһմϵСľվһһͨ˲Żᴩ꣬˵μݣǿӰòǸŮĸо
Χ˻ע⵽꣬ҲΪһöʦ
ȻҲע⵽ΧĿ⣬ѾжĹʣΪʲôѵʦ
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ע⵽ңȽؾ󣬾ͻˡЦΪѾʵ¶ˡ
Щв˶Դ壬񷽲һֱŹƵλλװߵŮΪϣѾ²Լ塣
һ֧ȴ²ס
ܿ죬ߵҲˡ
Сķӡ⣬վ˲ٵŮ
Ϊ޵ǵĵҲԶûнӽطвҲ͵ϮЩ޵ߣϧδ߽㱻ֱնɱˡ

151 鷳

ΪΪʳ
Щ޵߲ǴĹѵǷ׷·ϣ˭Ҫִš
Ȼ˶֪ηӡﶯ̫ºܶһ֣˵м˳֣ûеסӡﱦջ
ڹ߲Զоģĳһ˷ܵ˵ǲ֪ɣӡ˵кܶݣ
ӡںܶˣ򻱳Ƕĳʱؾ˵ߵıҲؾС
˵ֹǰݣ˵ǧأ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣҪõһֵݣôձܽ弶ˡ
ΪϢ˵ǸļĶʦΪͨԵƽ׽ˡݵľסԶ㣬ڵȴؾżҲҹ˵˵
ĵļ岻ʲô壬ԼҲǸǿ˸սؾĳ̶ȡ
һ³ɡЦ˵ֻ弶𣿡
ĿЦ˫ûʲôʡĸΪⱲӶֻͣһأڸһĵʦҩҹˡ
˵ĸʱ򣬾ů⣬ȴǺܶࡣ
ûڵĸ߹ԼõҩģΪȶһĵʦĸһķ׭ʦΪ̫ȱˣӡԡ
ʵĸǲģΪӡ̫Σˡ
ž˵飬þӦһǵĻŻӡʹڳ֪޵Ĳпᣬȴɴżִ档
˴򽻵̫ۣΪֻҪһ۾֪ʲô
ʱ˵ǵ̽ҷӡ飬ȴܲԸȺ
˽¾Ļ˵ŮƢܲأ
ҲֻЦЦ
ΪΧͣ޵ߵΪҲżԲû˿ƹʵݣΪһй޵ꡣ
ʱƣӡĶʣһҹڳ׵Ĵ򿪡
֣⺰һ䣬Ͻҽȥӡˣ
ʰľڵĶžӦһ䣬ã
ڹ;ĵ󣬳ŷӡȥ
ҵķӡɭУΧȫǸĹľʹѾסһЩӣȴɺܲϲߣΪܾһΣյϢƺʱᱻΣɡŷӡĴ򿪣ֹʧĸɸɾƽԿĶҲ˿ĺۼ
ѾĸоǰĶڣŸΣա
Ȼ֪ԼҪҵķӡĵôһ̣ȴЩ־塣
Ǿģ˿֪Σʲôһߴ͹Ͻ룬ǽȥҲʲôöˡ
߰ɣԹ˵һ䣬žĺ͹̤ҵķӡ
ܿ죬˾ͱתת˽
ΧĻźܴӡʵǸСؾסܴ񣬺ʺ޵߾סȻĹľƺҲЩһΪĹľǻʱһѾԡ
ʹٶ羰ģҲоΣյϢ
ⲻǾҵĹ𣿡һȺ߽ͿŲԶľĴЦû뵽㻹˰
Ϊôģûһ𣿡Ⱥ˻ڷ̣㸸ĸôһӣˣӦúѹɣ
Ҳѹ˭ôϲأ
һŮֱӴЩ˵Ļóɣ
üͷСӨʲô˼
˵ѾΪĵʦˣ˲һļƷҩɣóǣǾͷŹ㣡СӨŮž˵ȻǾɱ㣡
ؾڣҲ֪˭ģ
СӨ˵Ŀ˹ϣұΪһؾҲ˵ʦأȴҺ͹˵ʦԵ֣
˵ʦѾǶĵʦӦƲһĵҩɣ
΢΢Ŀأ
ǵ飬Ҫ˵ʦҪ֡СӨش𣬡Һ;ҵ顣
һֱסҪߵĲӣʦ
ĺã˵һĵʦȻֻļ
Ҫȫ뿪ҲУЩҩƽɣȻҾ;һߣ·飡
ĵҲܿİ˵ʦ
ЩŭĿΧˣͺһ䣬
Ǻ;ĵ飬ǲ֣Ǹסǵ·ǾͲˣ

152 ־Ͷ

һֱŮĲĲ
ҹʹҵķӡĸҲ취ġ
ĸ׵ҵķӡҼĸѹ֪浽ʲôǳ׵Ĳġ
ڹò׸սӡڣȴôһȺͷࡣ
Ⱥ˵ʵߣ˶ȴСؾǣҲ֪˭ǵţΪ˶ս͸ߡ
СӨȺΨһŮޣòȻڣȴɱΧ˷С
ò϶ԣΪŮȻǱСӨһءԴʱĹһ˵СӨЦĴ㶪¾İ
Ҳǣ񾰳˴Ҳ׸ôĴأ
ȻҲ֪Լᱻ˶£λɼ飬˵ʱȴɾôһ˿Խܡ
ߣ֪ԼڽˣеĶǣ޹ģ
˵žóԼĴСӨСӨ괢Ķ۾ˣδü˵ʲôվߵ̧Ź˵ʦ
ǿռָɣǱȴ߼Ķ˵ϽøǣȻҪÿ
üֻһöͨĽָ
˵žҪȥȴסޣҶˣҲӦ÷ߣ
ȺʵǺ;һ𳤴ѣһԺСֻΪĵĸĸԾʮֵĺãǵĹ˼ʡ
Ⱥ˺;ϣžĵĸһһʦ󣬹Ǻ˾ġ
˽ǾãͬԴԼϣôǱضȾϡ
ϼңǿɲŵĶԾʲôϾ˵ĵĸջΪĵʦ˶еĴڡĵĸףҲΪķ׭ʦǺأǲòѡ̡
ڼȻлᷢйĵĲˣȻҪúõİա
Ҫ֣͹־Լ棬ΪСؾֶ㶼ܽ
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣЦ˵ǲɵӰ
һ׷ҧǲܷڣ
ǷûӦǴӦٷڣôأЦСؾڣΪѹ˲٣ʹѡԱȫˣҲֹ㣡
ԣϽġŹ˵ָøң
վڰߵһ΢ǿ׳ޣżɫĿŹ壬ŹҲģ
һ䣬վ˶Ц
ʲô㣬ʲôΪǲ֪𣿡
˵СǣĲë
ܱС翴ĸӦϰ

屻Щ˫۷죬ǹ֮ǰѾ˵Ҫʵˡ
ԼʹҲûĶ֡
Թ˵ЩˣҲûʲôã
仰ʱķȴŨңʲôţأ
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ڰԣı
һ飬Ȼ˲ˡ
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˵һʦϲֹеҩиݡһʦϵıٷܶꡣСؾڵĶòٵģҪϧᣡȻǻʮ߹ǰõǾԲܵģ
ΪСǳ޵ߣЩߵѾǺܲˣڵ֪ʮ߹ĵ󣬸Ǿ
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ݲģǽˡ
СӨĻǲһ飬ĹĵʦλȻܸߣǵĺöҲĲ١
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153 ð

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ѳʵĽԨ޴ΪƵģΪǽ޵ԵʣԶԽʮֵ˽⡣
еѳǳȡ˲еԪʯɣӨ˪ѩǲϸƲڽϻз׭󷨡
ĽԨ޴ѽׯȡУ˪ѩ
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ҵķӡڵʵܴССĽЩǷ׭ԹȺ֮ǷѾ˼ĹԹȴûаӰ졣
ʰȺˣҲһʱ䡣
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ģһɵͺ
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գۼֱӴӿռָóһķ׭ڹϣһֱߣиطԶţȹȥ
Ҳ֪ԼŹߣҪƵֱ𵽶γѪ˿ûпǱ㳯źȥˡ
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154 

ϸȥִᷢʵѾһ
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ʵһʼ֪־ûд򵥣СؾĶһҲһϡ
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뿪ʮ߹ʱЩǱ緢ڿ϶ˡ
ڴһĳ
һܺľݽڵľϵԪأٸƷʵݡһҲڶ࣬Ϊ޵ߵ̰ʼİһ壬ºһ˲òƵӵɭʧ˵Ϊ޵Ƿ֣һսߣڼԦľȴǳһѪҺƵҩƷʺͳɹʡ
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ΪʲôҪɱ㣿֪ں˵ش𣬡Ҳ֪ɣСؾ챬ˣҪ뿪
ǺͯҲ΢΢һ㶣֪
˵Ҷãͯ˵˵ҲҪԽӽҵˣ
һ䣬ͳŹ˹
зʱٿѩģ˹ȥ
ľ𣬶ѩȼʱ򣬸Ϩ
һ֣㡮֨֨
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ҪҪߣ˵ʮֵ࣬ߣȻˣɾĻɱˡ

155 

Ҳߡ
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ǰĻӻǣǰܹɣ˶˵
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ͬʱҲһ㣬ֱһ䣬ʦ
ȴûлش˵ĻǼ̣󷨼š
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ͬʱһͯӰӴ˳
⺢Լʮңһͷɫĳӵŵף۾ʵںÿǳַϺõꡣŹһ䣬ʦ𣿡
ǣҲЩ˻ô֣ԭ˵Χ˵ߺһα
Ȼ̰ϵѪҺȴ߲ʲô£ϾߣôݻһЩҪǣ϶ľ׺ͶȸʱƵҩĳɹҲ
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ܴȥ𣿡Сգգۣзŵİ׺ѾȥӡþˣƲ󷨡
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ؾڵŨˣѾƲסľٶˡС˵ȥطᱬġ
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СȻ֪ЩȻû˽̹Щ
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־Ը뿪ԼڷĹżʱʶһŮޡ
ŮԳƣͨ˵ϳα
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156 

СȻѾԼһٶˣǰͣҲǸʮĺӡ
ЩӶڷӡڣƽ˽ӴľΧĶ̫ۡ
ɴ߰Ļ˵ࡣ
޷Ϊ־̫ºͣŮ˷Ƿ֮룬ŵ־ӺͺӲҪǣ־ҲǴΪһλԪӤڵߡ
鿴ŮΪԴɵĽɹȴûô򵥡
־һλ޵ߣӺͺӣЩһС
С֪̫٣ԹҲ²ⲻ˭Ҫ־
СŹߵһһޱߵĺΧ棡
ˮ̧ۿ˿Χǻ
Сش𣬡㲻ʦ𣿡
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Сʱûа취һʱҲЩɥˣǸôѽ
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Ȼǧңȴǧϲһ檡
ΪѾ˼ˣǧҵΪ߳һء
ǧϲԭȴΪǱ˫޵ٶȻ檸졣Щ꣬ǧߵﶼ
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Һ°ǧЦǻа취ôꣿ
С㻹ǲ֪ʲô
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ǧȻҲҵˣʮ߹ʱ˲㶯֡
ǧɱʮ߹ȻΪôʴȣΪ֪ЩҵĹʮ߹ųģϿ϶лҴܵӡǡɱʮ߹ضᱻЩӡǷɣʱԲٿͷ
ûҪΪһղԼκ鷳СѾͷȥԿͷ
ˣʮ߹֮ǰش𣬡Сӡôаأ
ס죡ǧ𲻸ɱʮ߹ȴɱЩС
һ䣬վߵֱ̧ͷų׻˷˵
ò㣬ǶֵʱȴޱȵѸ٣ʮ֒Iǧĵλ
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ǧ֮Աǣû뵽˻ҵ߹
ҪﵽҲɣȴܵǱȥˡ
꣬ȴû˵ʲô
Ѿһַ̬ƺǧһ֣ͻ
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˳ĺرһһ۾ܿ

157 ̴

䣬ʮ߹ͳŹһš
ʮ߹ȴȻվıֱʮ߹ŵĶٵһ
ôĵӣȻҰҵĶǧ𣿡ʮ߹ˣͲɱã
˵Ҫİȡɲ޾ֻҪ㰲ȫҵȻȻ
˲ǵģ
ʵһʼ֪ʮ߹޷ȥԸˡȴܶԸˣҲ㹻֮ûа취ٱȫʮ߹İȫ
ңǧڵ֪˵Ĵںôܲǵ鷳
ģǸѪνʵʹջ壬Ҳϧġ
һȻ۰ʮ߹ҲΪʮ߹ȥһ鷳
ĹƷ٣ʵڲҳһˣЩҲܵ͸ȥ˻شĵİ취ˡ
һֱûнΪľʮ߹ӡڡ
ãҪҵĵʦṩĵҩ
ԶԸˣǲģʮ߹׵ĿʼΧĻȴû˵Ϊ֪ǹŲǣôǻ˵ĸء
ǧķλȷģǧ˺ܾȴûҵνİˡ
Χ˵һ䣬ӣȷһľϵѾܵˣԲȷǲֹ
Ӧ˴ˣɢΧǧ֪˲ó˵ѣֻЩԼһ˻󷨣
üӣ᲻ǹƭǣ
ᣡǧֱӷĴ𰸣׺˵ȷ˸־ߣ
־á
ǧ뵽ʲôһֱת⣬ңҾͲҲˡ
һҪˣѪҺҵΪֱӽڣ
ǧߵӲˣ֪ǧ⻰һλ֪ڲڵڱصõģҲû˵ʲô
ǧϲңһķǡ
ʱĹĸʱСó鼮
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ǰĶˮϵĻֻһʦӡˮϵħ޵ߡ
Լû´Ļ־ھ˲ٵħļ
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˽Ϊ־ó޷ʵ־ֹóҲǸ֡
ʱСҵ˵ҩøЩƣҪǷҪϢʱСֱӱһɫӣϵ˹ϡ
㣬Ҫ˯ᣬң
վǸӣΪ뿪̫ˣĵĺܿ졣
ʱӺ󣬾ͺͰһκһ𣬵塣
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ۼ󣬲֪ԭ˵棬ѹ˶˶õˡ
ҪĴ뿪ô͵ƿǰķӡҵ־
ȻСǲĸԸĸ뿪
ọ́ӼҳƳˮϵķ̲̣ڳļƽȥƽļ󷨣Ȼܲôǿ
֨
̷һֵ󣬶ҲͻȻֵĽŲ
תӶ̣һζͬʱһɫĹâһ̴һɫ۵ڹǰ
վһϣȤĿŹ˿˷ܣ˰ɣ
û˵ΪżһŨҵѪζ
û˵˵Ѫ׷󷨻Ǻõģ
üѪ׷󷨣
ǰǧȥʱҲڿˣϵɫۺЩ졣ΪֺѹȾȾȥģûв´Ļ޵ߵѪҺ
ɱһЩС϶ѣܱɱǺѪҺұѪ׷󷨵ǣߡɱһ˼û˾û˼
ǧһЦɱ˼һ㣬ϾǶأ
СүҲǲܷŹ㡭ǧŴŹ˽ǰ󷨣СүСС̴ӣ

158 

ʱȻжòʩ˷
ǧʵ͹̫ǧܱϳĿ߰˷֡
ǧǸ༫Ŀꡣ
ǧԣֻҪĺÿŮԸߣСš
ֻǺÿ̫ΣգȻҲü֣ǹһĹ
ǧ̾ϧǸеġ
ǸŮģῼչΪ檡
˵ˣҲ֪ʲôȻǧ֣ΪǧʵҲڽľ磬ֻҪǧԸ⣬ôһ̾ܽ
ǧǻˣĸɱĽԨ޴常ĸĻˣ丸׵ʵѾڡǲôһ鷳ؾﻹǱ㹻Ϊá
ٺװͿǧߵǰ̧Ҫס°ͣĸһЩòһԾѹᡣ
ϰΧ檺̴ӶԼ˳ӣͻȻôһΥԸˣǧú˼
ȤζĴŹ㲻ٺúÿСүҲ㣡
ȻҲǧ٬һ߷һߵЦӾҺÿ
պϣǧЦٱСؾ˺ÿ
ϧǸеģȻСүֺһ¡
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ûлش𣬸ǧڣһҺɫŮֱվ˳
Ӷų޶Թ˹ȥʶ̧٣
Ϊߣֻļ
Թ׾ٵĶŮıӣЦЦ˵ôҲϲˣ
ʱжҲ˼٬
ŮЩ߳ŭ
һλӶӣŹִ˹ȥϧѹᣬֱӲıϣã߳ŭķأô˿أɱġ
ںϵĶںЩƤǧŮǣҲںôۡ
ȻĻһ䣬Ůɫͳ׵ıˡ
վǧɫҲЩ졣
ǧֱǰץŮһÿ
Ůͱűӣ޷ͬĹʱֱǧץסһڵǱˡ
ǧ𶪿Ůʱ򣬹Ҳſıӡ
ʱŮˤڵϣΧȴûȥ
ȥ࿴Ůһۡ
Ůǧ檣Ϊյǧ߲ãóԺܿһȺӱҲ֪Ůǰ϶Ϊϲɣ벩ǧĺøС˭֪ꡯֻǼ򵥵ļ仰ֱǧɵ˼
ǧĶȻҲᷳŮҿʼŹĻ
ƲԳԷơģֱ̌ӳŹץ˹ȥ
һ˵һҲڰԲ
ǧʱֱ󷨣ϵĹâ𽥱Ũҡ
˶ܽǧȴѹץ
⣬ǻ󣡡ϽǰȥӦǧ𣬶Ҳͬʱһμӹ˻
ʱµ󷨣Ļ
ǧҪƿ󷨣Ҫٵʱ䡣
Ҳʱ䣬ƿ˺ϵһ϶ֱ˽ȥ
ǧͿŹǿһʧǰ°ĺۼ
ʱǧҲ˹źԼ˵Լ˵޷ʱ䣬󷨡
ڿŮǰһ乫Ӻ󣬱֮ᷳģ
ǧֻԶһЩȻûйҪƳ󷨣Ҳŷ
Ƴ˹µȻҲʧһ֣ܴﵽ۷ʱʵ
ԣǧԸȥƳ
ʱѾߵ˺档
ȷһ濴һƬһ޼ʵĺ棬ȴһɲĶѨ
ӿռָóһҹ飬ҹĹâߡ
ӳǵһʯţĲȱڹ޲£ܿͻָԭ
ʯһ򿪣żһɵζ
ʯһƬǽϵҹȹеСһЩΪĿ˿ţԴʱա
ע⿴ЩʯϻŲŮÿһ֡
ûȥЩע⵽Χݡ
Щݵĳƺܸߣû´ĻЩһֱչ˵ģԲŻ᳤롣
ôҲ˵־š

159 ޽

־ĻţôΪʦ־Ȼ֪Լµ󷨱Ƶ顣
־ȴûгֹɼ־뷨
ûпȡǽϵҹ飬ݡ
ƿڶʯŵٶȣȻȵһȸ졣
Ƕ޲ȱÿһƿʯŵٶȣǰ졣
ȵڰʯŵʱһֱ˯СͻȻ˹۵𣿡
ʵСͻȻЩ̫
ҲС緢󣬲ŷֵڰʯŵĵϣȻһ
ľϵŨ̫࣬ҲСʧѸٵĲȥͻȻ
С𣿡ʯź󷢳һӲϵ
Сû쳣ȴò̫Ծ
Ϊڴʱˣڰʯʵһ޴ķӡǷӡһ󷨡
һ޵ȥôͨˣǿ١
ǿҲվ꣬ûҲڲ˶áԣ޵Żֶڡ
Ȼÿһ޵߶ѡȥᣬΪʺԼʵ壬ࡣҶҲʧܣÿζɹ
в޵ڴٵʱ򣬲ľˣ㽫ԼӡԼܶһӡַӡ޵߱òײ࣬Ҳִڡ
ӵƣ޵ǵᱻӡѹƣɢֻء
ܸоʯڵˣѾܱˡ
ҲڴʱʯͻȻڱ򿪣һӰƮԼߡ
һݴˣҸôƺСѣ
ش𣬡ǰðţ
Ǵţһֱڵһ󷨵־̾һϧЩˣ඼ǵʦʹ˻󷨣ȴһʯŶƲ
Ȼ󷨣Ҳǿ˷ӡ˰ɣ
һ
־ЦЦܲܺ˵˵忴Щʲô
־ȻڿҲûԥ־˵ԼĶӡܵ
־˵ʱ򣬻Цĺܴ飬֮ɫ졣
Сؾҵ궼Ѿﵽ˼ޣѾ֧ؾˡ־ڹ˵ֵʱһֱִ
ӳ٣ʹ޵ߣҲһֱߡҼСܶ¡
Ϊ̫ûк˵ˣ־ɵĺ͹˴ǰ
ԸһߣҲûѡ
־˵ͬʱʵҲ־û˵ôɾ
־ĶԼҳϲ壬һάӣôŮôأ
ӵͨǼϣӰϣϣ߶ô֪һΪֻǷǲԹѹûжͬ־
ҹڿ󷨵ͬʱҲΧһЩֵ顣
Ƿӡô־ʮǰ㳹׵ʧˣά־굽ģ޷ǻŨִ
־кޣҪ
ԹҲ־˼޷־ù
Ϊлؾеıﶼ
ȻȴЦʹ־ЩôҲõ١αҪΪ־Ļȥʲôԡ
־ǡ
ʱ־ĬΪڿԼĻ
ⱲӻûչͽܣԸҸôԸ֪Ķ㡣־ջ󣬡ֻһԣԵõһС
Сѹ˵Ļֻһֻ˯
ôһʸʦ𣿡־˵ҵʵǡ
һ˵Լĵ꣬л̫Ĳġ
ߵߵľ磬ȴΪӺͺӵ֮ݺĵز
Ҳ־̫Ļ־Ҳʲô˾ӡ
Ϊ־ᡣ
ΪʲôСߣΪ˵άؾڵʱ䡣Ҳǵ꣬־ûɱСԭ
־ĴԲжģҲȫٵġ
Խǲش־ԽǼˣڴæ֮䣬͸¶̫ࡣ
ǰˡҲܴӦںܾ֮Żش𣬡Ѿʦˡ
ҵߣʦȴԸӡһֱܸмҵʦ¶һȻӣ˵ʦģҴֻһʦûжġ
ǰȻҵˣҲǰɱЩСˡҵޣԣֻܹǰˡ
󻰣˭˵
Ҳ⡣

160 ټ

Ȼ޵ɱ˶ᱦᶼ顣
޵Ϊʵ伫
־ҪõôҪάνķȵģǺ޳ܡ
־ĻѾˡ
־ԼͨӵȷϲģϲȴҲǶèһǷɡ
С㡭
ӻеʶ½̫̫ûʲô̫룬ֻ߼򵥵Ĺһӡ־С㲻ʹȴûи㹻ڷܶȣԺ־𽥵ĲС
˵ͷӺͶӵĲ־ԼĴ
ϧ־ȴɲΪԼĴͼ顣
ĴԲȫ棬ҲȫǼٵġ
˵ѣ־һЦʹ񲻹ǻǣȴ˸ܵ߱䣬޵߻ʵ̫ߵģ
ֻһʦ⻰㲻ڵģ
ȷڵġ
Ȼ˹ͽܣս̹Ķȴ࣬Ҳ˵Ǹְʦڹʱֻһʦһվڷ絲꣬ԹﻹǺܸмյġ
ȻҲǹĻݵԺΪʦǹʱѹ־Ϊʦ
̰ʧȥǡ
ε̾һǰҲ˵ˣ޵˭õʵأҲ޵ߣȻҲҪ
ʦΥ
־ЩΪʲô
վ־һ񣬡Ҫķӣ
Σ־Ц㶼ԸͽܣΪҪķӣ
ʵڷűвͨĻСؾըǰһʱȥӲ̰ѹȥ־Ľ飬ʲôԡ
½̫̫ϵĶҪ⿪ôҲǾԲ̤ؾġ
бȷǺãҲҪġ
ҹã־ʵѹûзᣬİ취ȥ
ǹ̫ϣҪԼΪ־Ŀꡣ
е˶־ؾ޷ΪС㣬ΪС㵱ûгɹΪħΪִɹȴã־֮Իԣ޷һСáһΪĿꡣϾˣʵȻǰԲ˽ؾ޵ߵʵ
ʵЩ꣬־ûгԹҪЩ޵ߣǶһһʧˡ
Ҳŵ־𽥵ıȥ˶ˡ
ؾˣı־ɱģһͬ
ţòҲǿȻ¶ź飬ȴʼһ־֣Ҫˡ
ǧ棬ǧʵҪֻʱ⡣
һǧô־ȶǧ֣ϾǧĹʺ־ᡣ
ǧǣһŮ˶Ϊ塣
վ̫ˣԸҲҪһʱ䡭
ʲô־ѹ֪
ƺǸΨΨŵŵ̰СΪջùĶһҪ԰ֱӾѡ˷
޵粻꣬δˡ
ǹ󷨾տϻ˶ʦҪԼǲ۾ˣſԼ󷨡
־ȷĵ
ǵžĸҵġ
־֪һžܣȻҲҪȥԭ
Լջ᲻
ʱǧԶ󷨵ѾʼóԵķʼƽ
ʵҲ賹׵ƿ󷨣ֻҪ˺һȱڱɡ
ǧǶȴɲ㣬˭ƿұһļķ
⻰һ䣬ǼҪóѪͷȥ˺ѻˡ
޵ߵͷѪʵǵźܴҲ򲻵ѣ˭ҲԼͷѪȥݵԼ
ǣ
檼ҲЧ¡
ҵĸжΪǧ𸶳˲ٵѪǧȴûа۶Ƿ̡
øһЩ󷨵ŮˣΪЩŮʧȥ˲ͷѪҲŲϡ
̫Ȼߡ
ƴ˺ѿڣһศţģֻ̌ӶԼıһ˺һ϶
ߣǧ˵꣬Լ㳯ŷ϶˽ȥ
檣ûж࿴ڶۡ

161 ƭ

ǧһ̤־ĵ
üͷŹ棬̧Ӷ䡣
Ȼǻ֮壬ʵȴɻһЩ
ǰһ⻬ɽڣּҲ¶˱Ŀ
ɽڵΧвٵɽһӡ
ؾڶ࣬˭Ҳע⵽ɽںͨɽʶҲֻǴԵĿһۣûзְ쳣
ʱһɽڻĲΧӵɽǻһʼɽһ󵭵ľϵܣɢŵɫâƬʱ䣬һ޴̱ڹǰ
ǰ̣ɵĸ̾־ȷ
ϵʵسΪƽɽѹûΧɽа
ɴʱƵһ˯С綼Ȥ
С־ӿռָóһЩʳݸС硣
СϾǸӣʵûôִԺܿ㱻ġ
ʳȷζСܿͱתעҲͬʱϵ쳣
̵ʵðƳɵģְ޵ʵļ۸Ҳ͡ңְҲ죬еǷ¯õıĲʣֻĵ¯İ̺ǰ̸ŨһЩ
ְ̽ô˵Ϲŵʱְȥѹ
ｵ̥еĺǻɫġ
ΪϲɫߵĵطһƬããģΪ˲ҵְ
Ϊ֪ȱ㣬ǵĳɹ
ֻǺϾǰ׷һ޵߿ԿӵģԼʹЩҵ˴İҲûס
ߣ˵Ҳá
ȻҲǰ׷ȴһЩżأ˲ãҲѹסˣûеõκεĺô
ЩվǴԣְ̺ȴù̡
־ȻҲע⵽˹˼ʱѹûа취ȥܹΪǧʵǿٿ󷨲ǧʱһЩ
ǧ𲻶󷨣ǧϵı̫ˣǧվﵽġ
־һ߲󷨣һ߻ڿǧĶ
ˣ־ʹ
ѸٳԹʳС磬һ޹ĳڣĵĻش𣬡ǣ
СȻǺԣϾһˣϻһ޴İˣʳȻҲͨ޵߿ԱġŸһʳеʳС޷ĶԴʱСſĿ⣬ӹóʳ
Ȼû뵽˱һ˿϶ֻεһЩ
ȱԪʯƻʳ˺ܶڿռָ
ѩĿռָϿͨǹȴռָ򿪵ʱѩ𾪡
ѩС粻һǸӵӣȴźܶܡƺҲ¹֪̫࣬ʱڳ˯ʹҲֻ͵ߵҩ͹̸
ԴӹռָѩҲʵ˺ܶࡣ
ռָĿռܴ󣬶ҹҲ֣ռָĿռҲ𽥱
һĿռָǹ̶ģҲδ˵κοռָ޵ߵʵġ
ôԹȻĺ¡
µʱܶʳƣƵҩͷ׭ڿռָԱʱ֮衣
㡣СѹûٿԶ־ǼǣŹ֣óԣ
ں庢һֱһ֣ʳС绻ȡ˲ٵݣСԼԼ׬ˣЩ⡣
־һ߲̣һȴѪ
СǰεʱҲδóôݸ
ȻԼݵǶ˶Ҳǵʳ˺ٻݳ޵ߡ
ʹǺϤˣҲֻһЩ
СΪһЩʳͿԼڵݣ޲ٴһ
ɶǹںƭСܷȥҴ
Ϊ˱
СѾͷ־ǧóһЩЩżˣ㲻ǻһѣ
ȴûп־ڶС˵ҪҪŽ߰㻹ĺóԵģţ϶Щó԰ʵʳҲһЩ
ȻҪݻģΪʳҲ

162 ְ1

СĹȷǺԣԸĻʳ
óݣǱʹһܼݳɳġ
˶ҲһʳС統ܷ־СһЩݣѾǺܴ˲ˡ
ȻǱζȴ
Сȥ־Ҳò˲ҲûƵҩС磬ЩС˲ٵݣҲЩЩζ
ڹóʳ̺ľϵȻ࣬ȴʮֵĴҪζܺá
СʮеľȣԭϻζĶ
ûùôóԵĶԴʱ۹˵ʲôͷ
ûˣ
ʳûˣһγԵͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ƴ޺ںƭȴʮ֣ԲƬ̱С˽ףʳȡСóȫݣм꺱弶ݡ
ʹ־ӵвٵĶСóҲЩۺ졣
СĽ׳ɹּԹ˵˽δػᰲȡ
Һԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱأ룬ȻǰĶ֣ҴС뿪ǿԵģ
־ʵڣôҪǧֱ׾١ЩѾû壬ΪҲʱƶ𽥵ȥҪԸǧȻѣҲ¶
־ѹŹǸƵСѾͷСѾͷթ
ǧȷ̫󷨣־ʱס
ǧȻģֲ÷ȥðա
ķ٣ȴҲ޵ġ
ǧֹͣ˹־Ҳһ
־Щģȴ˼ֵĴ
־϶װģ־ʵûȫչָĲһ֡
ȴǧº־Ҳûǰ̣ǶԹ˵ĲԸҵͽܣ
ǰαǿأ־ʵû´ĻǰĳˣӦɣ
׼ȷ˵ǻ塭
֧һ֧壬һ֧ڶǰѳȥĻ塣
ϲڲʵһϲ͵
ȴһǸߵ£ҴӲ˵ǰڲʵΪ峤һλǧѵһţ˵ݴ½û˻Ķ֡
ңλ峤Ҳܺã˼ؾ˲ٵķݡҩ
޵磬ʵȻҪǱʵҪˡ
Щ˵ʵܸߣȱˡ
ֶġ
˵ˣ
޵ǲǲеġ
Ŷ־ŹΪʲô˵
˵ʵǰа취ֱɱǧɣûж֣סõĻɻûʦǺ߳ģ
νɻʵһֶ񶾵󷨡
󷨻ڵ˵󻹻ʳ޵ߵı壬޵ߵĥ
޵߶ԣɻÿһ̶ĥ
ɻ󷨽ʵһֽҲǴյ˵ɻ
Ϊ󷨺棬˲Ԫʯں˹ɻͼ
ʱ˲ٵʱ䣬ɻ󷨣ĥ˻ǲ
ǱϾǽһʦǲ˵ǰչֵģҲδɻʲôӵġ
־ӦһλļʦŲʱæңʵȴǳ
һ߲ŻùΪ޲ߣʵڲûͬʱֿʼһɻ
ǴܣǰΪҪʹɻأ˵ɻҲҪάֵģҪ٣
־״̬ʵ̫ʲôǵΪ
Ϊ־ĵԽ죬ҪĿҲԽС
ֻбɱ˫۵ˣŻ˵ѡ
ԹֱӶ϶ˣ־ĳǧˡ
־Ź˼־衣
Ȼûв´ںС죬ʵȴڿĶΪɻ󣬻˲ٵķתƹע˲ʱǿ˳ˡ
ǰС䲢󣬶ֺ̫ңʺСʹٸߣҲôﵽľ硣
ԣ־һֱ
ǣ游ҵĳˣ־ڿǧļƺ󣬱³ǧݣǣȻܿһɻôҲ֪ɻˣļʦɣ
ļʦҲֻһ̤弶Ĳҵͽ𣿡
163 ְ2

ĹϾǳ󷨵ĹңܳһļʦѾǺˡ
ң־츳ƺЩĸоˮƽҵļʦҲ̫ࡣ
ٿϵʵĻôӵ
֪־ˣΣ
־ǰܺԼӺͺӣͽʲôأ
־ûʵ壬϶ùҺʵǣֱӶ
ɲԸԼðա
־һʱ򣬹ѹԸٻشˡ
Ĭſ־ϹŵЦ̬
ʵ־ͦСѾͷģ˵Ҳ¶̬ȡ
Ĳܺ͹֣ΪǧǰСѶԸ
ʱǧҲ쳣
ɻ󣡡ɫҲˣӣҪСģ
游˵ĹȻû־С˹Ȼšǧ֮ԱǣΪɱң
ǧĸǧţǧڼȴǺܲһλǧŵĲע⣬ǧһȺСȴǼĳɫ
ĽȴΪҪؾԿѹΪ
ǧ˵һ
Щ˵ôˣ
Ҫǧֱһ磬ɻɣˣ󷨻򵥣
˵ͷãСģ
ȻСؾǲϵ˽룬ȴǿԽġֻڽΪСؾԭ׽Ҳᵽ
ԣڶ׽٣ؾܵ׽ٻȱ׽ǿܶࡣ
һǲѡСؾģܶɹ׽ٵؾ
Сؾ־ڲٿأҲؾ˻ţ׽ǲܵġ־ȥˣô׽ٱܽˡ
ǧҲѡʱϾ׽Ϊ޵˭С
ʹ԰ֵһЩ٣ɲҴ⡣
ʱʼרĵǧ𻤷ǧͬʱֹ־ˣؾҲˡ
ƺƴ󣬶ɽĹüͷ춯
ʱ򣬹֪ǧǸѶԸˣǧͻȻѡȻʮİգǧѾҵ˵ֻǡûˡ
ǧɫʮֵȤǡù泤Ĳǧù檣һҲġ
Ϊһ˵ݣǧߵȻʧɫ
Ĺʵǲϣǧߵһϣֱؾ
Ϊֻйˣĸ׵ԲŻ᳹׵ʧЧ
巢ʲôȴǲ֪ġ
Ψһ֪ıǣûΪڵڡ
ͬʱ־ɫҲЩѿˡ
ΪɻĥǧȴǧͻȻѡһڽʱҲǣ˶̥ǡ
ǧɹĽִӿռָó졣
󷨣ȴǻġ
ǧ죬ڳеʱ游ġ游ļιֻЩֻΣǧ𲻵򲻵ǲõġ
֪ؾܺԸǰ
游ȷǹãֻóںúȻٶȵķĹЧ˲䱻ơ
ǧ죬һЩѷ˵ߣ
ǧ˲ٵĹʱѾ¶˼ֵƣ̬ǧĻ󣬻Ѹٵǧ뿪
ܿ죬ǧߵ˴ڡ
ʱСΪƣѾ±˹ϣ־ȴվڲԶǧĵ
־ʵҲ⣬ǧϾȻôı
ܿ죬Ҳˣǧбġ
ǴδҪĶ
ǰǧ־ʱĲмһ游Ҹʺã
޳ܣ־̧һѳԶɵ游ûи㣬ҺѪ㵨վҵǰһɱ㣡
ǰǿʶˣű游Ķʧˡ游õϹѪҺҲˡ
ֻǿϧˣǰǸϹѪҺˣȴԼ޸ܣŻĽ
ǧ˵ĿȴƳһڲԶĹķߺֶ˼ֻ֣ҪǰѪҺСôҾͲټƽϴǰ飡

164 ְ3

־ȻںģǽܵõȣȻǲֹǧ֮顣
ƫƫģǧҪõϹѪҺ
ˣԴߣ־˵֪ϻ˰ɣ
Ϊ˰ȫ־ֱӳ˹
΢΢ĿܵϵӽһûзҲû˵Ļ
ˣȻߡϹѪҺǰҲóǧƳһ۹ЦЩþҵ游
ǧɵĽ˴ǰ
־ǧ游һȥžĸһһµ飬žϾȻϹѪʱҲˣΪʲôž츳˵ĸߣǰӱ
žǺϹһ׵ĹϵֻµڹѪҲ𽥵ˣžһſʼз󡣻žҲ㣬ǧ˿û˵ˣžﵱȷһӡ
ֻǿϧˣ־ǧ游ûҵžĺӣҲûҵžʬס
Ȼǻܴ˵ϹѪҺ
ȻǧᵱŹ˵ЩΪǧаڴ־ٴú
ҪôǧߵЩŮһźǧߣҪԡ
Ҫôͺ־һ
ʱ̾ҪðһЩһ·ȻǼ֡
ΪݵԵʣͨżҪ߳࣬ʵǹԸ⣬ҲǿͻƾϾ̫ˣѹʺУҲǲִڵġʶ׽ٱ޵߻ƺƴһҲѷɫĽԨ޴
游˱Ķ־ЦЦֻ游Ϊ˹̵λѩӻ𽻸˻Ҷѡ
־Ļһ䣬ڹڵѩЩˡ
ѩӻȻǴѩϷѳȥģʵ൱ѩһ֡
ҲΪžӻԲõ塣
һںӻôѩҲ
ѩԼӻƵǰ
˵ϹѪ游ҲУֻǲøˡ־˵Ķ͸ҵģ
ǧʣҲǣ
ǣ־˿ԥ游ֲ
ĸᣬҲ˻ᣡǧ˵ϽóȻҴɢ
־ƺĹֺ̧ǧֵͬʱһССĻ
ڻڣֻܿ־ǧ֣ԼȴҲʲô
֪־һֱ˲ٶǵ־ѸٵĲ»ʱ֪Լʵ־󷨣źܴľ롣
ûа취ѸٵĲһ
⣬ǧҲû뵽־ǻˣͻȻ֣ⲻǵ
ǧѹ־ֻûзԱ־ĿѪ
һЩˣַ̧ųһ׾־ϡϧ־壬ηֵͼ׻ֱ̧־ͻӷ
洳ָǧ𻤷־һʱ˹ȥ
ΣֻŲ˻棬Ҳûмƿ󷨡
Ͼְֺαȥأ
ڴʱҲ𽥵ȥΣŴ˽ȥ
ļңߵ˴ںȴǽϹŵҹȷĴ˼
ǽϵҹʮſţÿһŶȹȭͷϺܶ࣬յĵڷһЩۡ
һù߲ۺ󣬲ŷֵһܴܣܵıƺһɽ
ϵ飬һЩԼȤķ˿ռָȻó̿ʼƽɽڡ
־ƺҲʶڵĶ⣡
ôΪԹԵԭؿǶأ
־ҪܽȥڣǧѹᣬֱӾֹĽŲ
ÿ־ЩˣǸСҪƿҵķӡˣ
ƿķӡǸãǧΪȻмڶ࿴һżۣҹ󷨲ÿ԰õҪĶ
㲻ԸøңҲøң
ǧԶԸȶԸ־򵥣ѹ־뿪Ļᡣ
ڵĹҲѾƿɽڣڷڵڵҹҲǻһʼɽڷ˽ȥ
һŴԼ߷ɹȥҹ飬һŨ𽥵ӿڣùʵʱ˲١
飿ڴʱŷ֣ҹ鰡޵顣

165 ְ4

ν飬˵ܻεڵڵûɣϵȵԪʯ̺߳˰ٱǧ
˱Ͼ壬飬ҲһЩ
Ψʱ򣬲ŲᱻӰ졣
޵Ҫɵ飬ҲҪʮֵСġǽƳɵҩĸûСһЩ
ҹ鳤̫ˣڲ£ʵͺҹûʲô
󣬲𽥵ıɱĿ
Щ޵ǶҪ飬ȴѰЩ޵߶ʼˡ
΢΢ĿЩɻΪλ
ûиܵ
¶ԭĿҪôɽһ޴ҪôԼ
üͷ־ҪҲ޴ӣɽȥš
뵽Щ㳯ɽȥ
ɽڵĹߺܺãһΧ飬һ߿ſɽڿŵİɫ޻
ʵҲǵһμֻ˵ֻҪǧܿһΣǰҲֻϼ޻ţⶴڲŵĵиĶ
ɻ󣬶ʱȴ޻вһСС
ǰУװŵǼġԦ䡣
ʱҲ𽥵֪Щˡ
ЩԦһǿ࣬ȴʮֵѣҪԪʯԳļ壬Ҳû˸ȥԦ䡣˵žߣҲôһȺԦ䣬ž䣬ЩԦҲͲˡ
Уǰߡ
ɽɽʮֵĿΧ޻һƬѩס
ߵ˾ͷŷһ
һ޻ʲôһֱӲɽСûǰ߶Ϊ֪˴ӡĶֻһ
ֹֻôһǺܶǷӡĶǿ
Ȼ֪ʲôȴܵϵƵ
ʱף־ΪʲôҪѡｨСؾˣ
ʵ־ǲ֧һСؾôõģ־ˣʵӦӡĶˡҲѹ־ǧ߽ǧӡǻٵ顣
ȥѩʱǻһϢ;񣡡
üǲǸоˣǷӡҷӡһǿĶܿ⡣
񱻷ӡţҶܸоֲƻ˷ӡôǸ⣡
ǲǺͿˣѩͺ𣬡ֻǷӡһƻҲʲôģ
Ҳˣʮſҹ飬ôûв´Ļֻ۵һ
ϽȥȻһ־ɲĶ֣
ѩĻŰɣʱѩԵѾ˶
ܸܵ־־ƺɹˣ
ﰵԻһ⡭
ʶߵߣʱ˽
̧ͷ㿴һѪ֪ԼĲ²ûд־ɹˣ
ʵڲʺ־־ʱδ׵Ӧ塣˱־ȷŵĻ̬ǿ̫࣬ʵڹ֮ϣҪԸȻѡ
Ѿͷ־־ʱֱס
һƻһʼĶ𽥵ĵ䡣־һ˹ȴĽֱӵֵ˻ȥ
ʱΧ޻俪ʼţɢһɵζΧһʱ
̶֨֨
ô᣿־޻꣬վߵĹ㵽˭ǲǷˣ
ôܻ
־ĺŲٵתͷ׼־ʱܡ
ڵ־ͬʱҲס˹ĽŲ
ڴʱĹȻЩļҪ뿪
־˻𣬡ң
ʺҵ壡
Σ־˼öһ־Ϊηһ˼ɽҲʼҵҡ
ץסһҪȹԼӣʱ־һ⡣
СؾҪըˡ
ҧһó˼ʮöתͷʼҪؾƿѸٵ뿪˵ء
ֻ¡һ׭һԼλӣѸٵת˺öط
ۣʹĹҲΪת̫ĵص㣬ʹ

166 ѩϼ˪

Χģֲָ
˵ʹûĿĵصĴͷ˶Щɥ
ԴҶϲַ׭
̧һù
ԼһɽΧĴѾ˺ܶ꣬ҶڵסΧ⡣
ӣӿռָͳһҹǿӿʼý󣬰ԼſʼõҩϢ
ѩҲ˹ҵҪˣ
ѩ䲻ǹıǹһֱţôѩҪһʱͻȻôڶɽٵͬʱѩҲᾭ׽١
ѩԣ׽ٵġ
žʵ㹻Զɽٵʱѩѹ׽ٻ˵Լ
ڹˣǴʱɽ٣ðеٵ׽١
ңǹ־ᶨⳡ׽¡
ѩĻЩܻͲס׽ĸ졣
ڹ˽磬Ȼ׽ٷλӻ졣
ʵѩ˵ͬʱҲԼڵЩңⲢʲô顣Ҳ˹ŷ֣ڵȻҵȴȴǰˣҪĴʱɳȥĺǰڵЩҵĶ˳ȥһüͷڵϢʱҲ֪׽ǰܵġ
ĽԨ޴ɽ٣ĽԨ޴Ҳ͹ҪӶɹ׽٣ֹҪʵҪ
ĽԨ޴ĻȻŵġ
ԴʱĹֱӻϵС硣
ʵڷŴ򶷵ʱСѾҪˣҲ־飬һʱҲЩ㱡
Сʶ־һˡ
־Ǻˣôôѡأ
ԴʱСΪҪԼʲôһʱסˡ
ˣҲֻС˵ҪСʱڵðҵסʱ׽٣
Сɫɷףҡô
׽٣Ԥ׽ٵĻôҲⳡ׽ģ
СȻӣΪ˵ĹϵȻҲ޵Ĳпᡣ
С˵žҪˡ
뿪ʱҲúС˷ʱ䣬Ϊ֪С粻뿪
ڿ־С޵ʵз֮ĵģʱҪôѡŹҪôȥҵֱɱĨʶ
ҡС˵ܲܲ뿪
ڶɽ٣üȻܰңǾ뿪
Сֱӿۣôһ޸Եóôأ
ľڶ࣬ˣȻܵסСʱ׽٣㶼׽ٶ£ɽô죿һߵڵһ˵С磬㲻Ǻˣ
СЩΪѣȱԪʯ
Ҫ٣ʡ
Сشÿһð˵ʱ򣬶ҪṩԪʯΪ£԰ֻõ͵ȵԪʯ
ս󣬰˱еȵԪʯ
ʵǹĺãҲܻεġ
С粻˵ֱӴӿռָó͵ԪʯС磬𣿡
ţܳСʱˣСҲٺ̧ͷ˫ֺƣȻɢһ󵭵ɫâܿһɫĹâ𽥵ıȻâɢȥһž޴ľ˹ǰ
һֺ󣬱ֱӻӶߵס˹ṩԪʯ
˻ҲʶЩԪʯǹṩģԶԹʮкøУֱڹ߲γһСؾı
СЩԴף㶼û۹ң
ȻԼİ˶ԹǻǻӶڵľϵΧĴʼǡ
Щ֦ҶڵסգСٻ£ǵ֦ҶһڵסϵƲʣ׽ʱһ
ʵСҲ֪ΧĴͨľ赲׽ҲޣһܱʲôҪ̫ࡣ
׽ٱû˿ġ
ѡ
һ׽ʱ򣬹Ҳʶһѹа˱ߣһ׽ûϣСϵȴЩˡ
ۣС缸Ҫ˳ֻǵһ׽پ˵ʹôܿСʱأ
СҲ֣׽ԼƺҲȫ޲õĵط
׽ٹΧľƺȴͻȻһʼ𽥸ṩԴԴϵľϵ
СЩˣٴٻ˸ľۼ
״̬ȴܲá
һ׽ֱһѪ

167 ˳

Ϊ˵Ǻܵͣѹ֪״̬ʲôӵģҲûиСΡ
ԴʱСһʹһľϵٻΧľ
ԶԿڵɭһŵɫĹâƯϿգҹө棬ԡ
Ѫȴ̫ࡣ
ҵڴʱҲ𽥵ƽֵǱΪľʱľϵȴǼӣȫѹסľϵͻϵ˵һ
ҲҹĹâڲһźɫ롣
Щ죬ϸĿܿƺᶯ
˷ŵһʱҲ׽͸ǲ˺롣
ʱףΪʲôҵķӡҪĵ͵Ԫʯʵڵ͵Ԫʯ˵ģֻҪСһգСؾάȥҲ֪СؾڷʲôС˵Ҳάˣⳡը
ܾúͷŵйϵ
һôǷӡĵʲôأ
ѵǴ
ĥʱ洫Сʹ
˻֣֪ʲôһֱɿ˲ڹΧ
ʱϻմȾ³ѪΧһɵѪζСʱѾ׵Ļˣ׽µԵúģзŵİ鶯
С״̬ȴ⣬۾Բģ˾
㣡С˵Ȼ˵㣬ǻʣ
ԣֻܿЦ
Сˣ˱ĳܴ׽õôȴҲԡ
վǷ̥壬ڼʹ޵ߣҲǸ˵޵ߡֱӴڻ˰¯һЩķ׭ʼ׽١
Ǽɽٵˣһ׽ʱȷС׽˲١СվԶڹϵ׽٣ϵ۵ֻôԶԶţﶼٵĿ־塣
֪СںʲôƵģֱڸСϣ񷽲ŻŹһС硣
Ȼǵһζɽ٣ż󣬱Ѿ׼ôɽˣԣʹε׽Ҳ֮ǰ׼ֵĵҩ˲ٵʱ䡣
еƺ¡¡ľһƺγһ׽١
Ҳ֪һ׽٣޵߶һ׽ֱˣԹҲҵһη˲鵤ڵһЩ
ʱ𽥵ɢһЩƵмһģһ𽥵Ļ㼯γһס
̧ȥһףʵñķǹȴԣǿź뵽ʲô
ڴʱһϸСϣ׽ֱӾͱ˽ȥʲô鶼ûзһ
׽ٺһʧˣͬʱеҲʧˣʼһЩϸꡣ
Сʱ򣬰һڹΧζ
룬ִӿռָóһЩ͵Ԫʯ˸˵ֱԪʯһŹӱصСߡ
ӣҧһڡ
ľϵѸٵڣѷõ˲䡣
˵аΪİ˻ῪֹӣһҲôţ˶òǹû뵽˾ȻԸʳá
һСȴ˿ʹõ˹ӣΪЩľϵĹӣҪԹʳ
óһЩʳСһδϷ
ʱÿһ岻ͬĸܡż󣬲ֹĺʹǰЩ޴Ĳ죬۽ƺҲÿˡ
󣬹Ҳᵽʵͬĸܡ
ֻҪԼԸ⣬ǧҲƣ
ĵĻĵ
ؾըؾڵ˶͵ÿطô־Ҳˡ
Ϊ־ǿжᣬ־⼸ʱ˵ǰҲʹòĵˣ
̾һִӻóС
Ԧھ׽ٺҲļ󣬶óһЩԪʯιԦ䡣
Ԧóӵڴҹ顣
ڴʱҹ棬ƺдּ
ʯݡԪ顭𽥵˳ȴЩԾЦʧЦԭˣ
Щҹдݣʵĵ
ǹû뵽ľϲ
̧ۿ˿Χתһȥ
ȻûˣҪһЩҩ뿪

168 

ò˵־ȷ
һôܻͨҹȤأĵдҹϣѴҲҵĵ
ڰĴڣҪҹ
ҾһҹҲ˿ûôȫߣôݵҪЩ
ò־
ҲѹЩٴˣ־ϡ
־ںǧֵͬʱȻܶᡣ
ϾǱһܺõ壬־ǻҪҡ
Ѿ־Ҫӽٶȡ
ݲ٣ֱС졣
СÿδݶҪԪʯԪʯĹڴʱҲ챻ѹեĸɸɾ
ó¯ٻѩ𣬿ʼƵҩ
ѩƺҲ˹ҪƵĵҩ֮ԱǣǲǺͿˣ
Ϊž
죡ѩĳȻϰˣʱҪУҪѹû˼ѩʲôٶ죬Ҿͽ㣡
ѩϾǿŹģвȻЧ
ȻԸҲòȫԸΪѩ֪Լж洦
ַЩ裬ǰҩݶ׵ıˣһѩƽͳˣǴʱȴĬ
Ϊѩ֪ʱַ裬Ҳȫǵһҩˣǿ޵߲٣˵ž
ֻЩϢѩԽܣٵˣž츳ѾǼˣڹȴȻžָ߳һء
ֹѩᣬԼҲ쳣
̧֣ϵĺ룬Щʧ
ȻԼͼϾǸûŵĵʦҪͻļʦľ磬ķ˲ٵҲԭ̤ϣ˭һһԴԴϵдΪѩֻǿŹģԸûзֹڵʵȴǰʢ
ͻȻٵȻЩ⣬ȴûж롣
Ԥڶ룬Ƴ
ѩŹʱ󡭡
һŨĵӰ¯ɵ˯С綼˹
Σŵ¯ĵҩ
޵ߴżȵ̤磬޵߶ɽٵʱ򣬻ܸ޵ṩԴԴϵҲ˵ֻҪô˼ʹαķϲҲǿԴﵽġ
޵ߴﵽ˶ϴ裬ô޵·Ҳʽʼˡ
û޵ߣȻҲ̣ΪȴҪġ
ɹˣѩڹͬʱֱϯ˵¯һѸٵķȥ
һ̣ɫĻ棬ŨһЩ
ȻֻһЩǹȴҲ˳
Ǵǰ϶ҪЩˣѩǿôʵҲǿģûֹѩĶ
㣡С۰Ͱ͵ĿŹҡ
һ¯ֻͨǼƷġ̺޵߶ı䣬СȻҪá
ֹСҪãһֱСˣҲСϳҪץס
ԺһֱŽòãСڣľϵԷģ
߲ȱѽźҲҪ뿪ģ
Ҳ뿪Ĳ뿪С뿪׽ٺ󣬲֪׽ǿ԰ΪģҪǹʳ̫óˡ
ҡСЩˣҿԷ䣡

С¹ڣֱ䡣ΪСĸСͬʱҲΪ˹Ķ
ﰵ̾һΪҪС绹Ҫٵ֪СֱӾЭˣ˭Ķ졣
ðɣͰһһöٶˣѵ¯ȥַһЩ鵤׼¯
СͰڷ˵ҩҪеҩֻڹϡ
ֻιܸܵԼڵľϵǣƵڶ¯ҩʱֱӳ˼Ʒĵҩ
ΣʹѩϣҲòﰵ̾
˭ĺӣô츳˵Ŀ¡
ҪǣѾ׵ͻļˡ
Ҫ֪ǸδʮĺӰ
յǰ;

169 ˣ

ʱؾըʱ򣬱˳˳
Щûõô޵߻ῪʼɱԿŹķ׭ԼϢ
Ȼķ֮ȴûаΪĲٵ޵ߵȷʼ١ɱ
˵ǧؾڡ
ǧǣǿ޵
˭뵽ɫţزһؾأ
嵱ȻûʱȥЩżҵ˻ص˹ʯǵ··ĽŲȴûеȵ
صʯǺ󣬹ųѾû˵Ϣ
½̫̫ԣ˹ȥ
ĽԨ޴ĽԶˣ˵ҪȥؾҹȽ侲ǲҪȥ
ؾըˣ˭Ҳ֪ؾ߳ʲô˶ˣ϶˻ˣȥĻû׼¡˵˱ɱ˲գۣǶԱˡ
峤ŲٱңԵı޵ȴʮֵĲƣ˵˾ͻɱ
ǧȻ֧ģ֧Ҫͽϵһ壬ȻҲ͵ϵһһ¡
ֱֹĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴ֺγ֪ǧȥؾôǧűضϳҲɱǧšǣǧŵĶ֡
ǧڣոսǰȥҲ
ĽԨ޴ֲԸŹû˵ϢܵģǿŮӣôûأ
ǿĽԶֱӾͿ˳Ǹô죿ǻŵȥأ
֪ڵʲô̾һֺγأ
¹ԺѧбԺڣǰȥʣ֪İˡ
ȻԸߣһ˵ҵķӡ̫Ĺˣ߹ˣǧֱؾڣôƽأңΧҹˣûп
ѹûҹֻڻ·ʱѡ
ǹ岻˵ЩѹҲ֪ʲôԴʱ˵˵ĺѹ
Լĸ뿪ǹˣôĸ׼ʹ䣬ҲûʲôµˡϾˣҲˣ
죡ĽԨ޴ֱ̧֣˹һơ
ĽԨ޴վΪȻֻǴ˹һƣȴĹ嵱Ѫ
Ů£ȴûмǰȥæ
ǹûˣôȻǺ飬ҵıѾڹʯǵĳǳˣݻǵжôŮǶһ
ϣʱ䣬ܴŮ뿪
ֻǿϧˡĵѪ
ĽԨ޴Ǹſʵ꣬ǴʱɫȴܲʹЩ룬Ҳоɱ⡣
ֻ֪ҪԼٶ˵һ䣬ôĽԨ޴϶ɱ
޵·û谭ȴħֱըС
֪ΪʲôǹˣôĽԨ޴Ķħ
Ƕħôʵ¡
ֻħˣվǴ
岻˵ˣ֪ĽԨ޴Ǵ֮ǰǿɱεġ
𼱣巢ĽԨ޴쳣ҲˣϽĽԨ޴ĽҪÿ¹Ժϵأ
ǳˣôûܰˣ
ʵϵ¹Ժ£Ҳ˵ЩֻסĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴ԣ𽥵ȥлƹϵԺ
ĽԨ޴ӿռָóһö㷢ĽԨ޴ϵĿռָʵ͵͸ö
ҲѹĽԨ޴ӶԹһֱĹΪĺá
͵¹ԺʱںͽǲϺͿˣҵͽʲôҲ֪Ҫķʼҵɽɽ𣿡
Ͻ߲ɽ뿪ȻҵȻͰˣ
ҲĺƵģ
֤أ˵û׼ǵԺƵģ
ú˵Ȼҵķ֪ⵤҩ˭Ƶġ˵ϽùңԸѷʼĵңҾŵӡ
ܳΪҽĵӣҲܳΪ弶ĵʦ
ˣԼǸ弶ʦЦͽҲ¹Ժ֮ǰҲ𣿡
ڹʯǣ
ʹ¹ԺҲȥǵԺģϾǵԺ˵ˡ
΢΢һףʲôף
ڴʱձ˵ȴжһ
øĴŽ׭ȴĽԨ޴Ժȥ¥￴ıҵˣ

170 Ѷ

¹ԺеѧԺʱ򶼻¥Լ
Ϊ޵·ʮֵļеʱ򿿵ĲֹʵҪٵ
˭Ҳұ֤ԼһֱȵĻš
Ժ˽²ֹѧǳȥ˽ԺһЩ߶Ҳ˵ίС
ֻҪЩ񣬶ҪģЩҪðա
졭
޵·ϣʹ̫ˡˣȴû֪ϢδҲ̫һЩ
Ժÿ궼ҪͳѧЩǷԺͳѧҲǷԺ֪Щѧ£֪ͨˣûм˵ѧ¹ڣҲѧԺΪѧĶ͡
ԣյõϢʱɫҲһ䡣
յļСѾͷŽСɰº񣬵СԴȴһӵĻˮҹѧŬϻ۵һλδĹڹʯ¡
ʱȻҲЩˣ¥˹ȥ
һܣȻ
յٶȲЩ
ϾޣһޱٶȣȻҪ·ġ
ƹ¥ĳϣһֱЦ񣬡Ժôˣ
鿴ͽܵѹ¥ĳϣֱ˽ȥ
ߵԺ¥̧˷ӡ󷨣̤˽ȥ
ǵԺԺǲ̤Ժĵ̵ģҲǵԺľÿԺѧǷԺԺƹܣȻ԰԰ȴֶܲԷ顭
ʱմæܵ¥飬Ҳڴʱˡ
Ҷ֪ÿ궼ÿԺĳȥͳѧǵȻʵǲҪ̫ĳϳģԺȥ顣ֻҪ֪һжѧûˣһжѧԺɣΪָ߸ϵˣûбҪΪѧ˷̫ʱ䡣
޵ߣԽ޵ߣǵʱ䶼ܱ
ȥ¥鿴ģȥҲΨյͽܡ
˽²ۣʵԺŮҲΪʦȴҽھܾˣ˭ΪⱲӶҹŵˣȴ·ð
˵û׼ǿϹˣϾòǲġ
Ҳ˷˵޵꣬ʲôɫŮûм¹Ϊͽ޷һơ
ЩôǶĬһʵˡ
ڵ֪µϢȴʮֵĺá
ʱЦù˫Ǻãֻй¶һЩڹ飬˫˹鷳
ҲôһϧǹٹԵ㣬úõߣҲˣϧǸģѹ֪ŮӦӡ
ֻϧҲôһ㣬˿ۡ
ֱȥ˳е¥ǲڼҲûԼĸˡ
Ժ߽ԪֱѵԼˣʦôܳأ
Ժ޷ȥ鿴¥Ķôǡ
ԪȻڷҲ֪Լ˵ĻԼš
¶ŵ飬һ¥ģֻйˡ
Ժ߲ѧڵ֪ϢͽԪһЩţЩÿϧ˾Ժǲùˡ
ԺˣǰûٰԺƵҩȻ۸ҲͣǱԺ۸ȴ̫ʵˡҹ˵ҲӲӣҲ¶߸ϵ̬ȣ׵ʱ˭ˬ졣
Ķ࣬һЩҩ
Ժ˶õİ˽¸Ҫȥʯ
ѧԺҲһģЩǹӲԺö١
Ժ˺Ժȴһǲ˶ֻ
ƵҩٶֿƷҲãǵԺĵҩȥٶȱȴǰ˲٣ҲǵͷˡҪǣǰǸѧԺˣǶǷеģԴӹֺȺ˾ͱҲû˴ǰ̬ȡ
Ժϰ˰Լڸλܵ˽û
´һԺ˸Ǹˡ
ָֻ˴ǰ̬ȣԺ˰ΪѾûˣûǵˡ
ʱȴüͷǰ¬һʱ֪˵ʲô
Ժ¬գҲ֪ΰοò𣿡
յöô򵥡̾һҪǣջҪȥһ˹ʯǣҲøһˣ
¬࣬ѵģĳˣԡ
ҲҪһȥ

171 ļʦ

һЦ˵ʲôأû£
ֹû£ı˵˷ɫ
˲֪һѧıɷɫʲô˼ô֪أ
ѧԺѧǵһֽţֻҪѧΪԽߣôǱɫɫ졯ɫڵԺģȴԺˡ
򵥵˵ǹѾΪˣҲ̤ļ
ȻıǷɫǵɫ
û¾ͺã¬Ȼ֪ʲô̾һԺͦģ
ҪҵͽܣҲЩ˵˵ţԺǱǲ϶Ȼ˵ǲתǵԺģ
˵ǵףô£
ﳣչأпȥԺС顣Щһ㶼¬ŷڹ֪
¬ԿЦ˵˵ݺԺ顣
Ϊλ߶꣬ȻҲЩСֶΣǴǰҲһֻ۱һֻۡڣô̵ǹԺôôܻҪͷȥգ˹ŵӣôٵļʦʦΪͽܣΪТ˳ʦȻõ
룬¼ҰǵԺˣȫߣ
¬Ҳû뵽ΪСȫ
ȫ˵㷽˵Ǹŷͽܣ
ţ¬˵׷ΪϲֻҪðˡŷţԡ
ѧ֮飬¬Ҳ֪һЩϾͽǲһģûн츳ҪչѧԺ顣ע⵽ҲΪСѾͷյĹŵӡ
¬ճͽܵˣûбϵô򵥡
͹飬˽±ҪѹǹȴĿƣѹûϵ
¬ûв֣ϾŷǵԺĳϣûҪΪЩСֵ̫ѿ
Ǿŷúụ̀ܽû£ԺüģҪȥһ˹ʯǣҵ취ùǵԺ
ѵüôһ츳ţȻҪԼͽܡ
¬ЩȵģҲЩ浽Ƿʲô飬ýһˡ
ʱѾ˲ٵĵҩôƿװ֮󣬲׼߳ɭ֡
ӣڵľϵѾڸסˣǹ΢ӡһЩľϵ˻ҪΪǵľˡ
ɭʵɭֵΪ˽ĹϵĹҲû˴š
ɭ߳ȥֿ·Żص˹ʯڡ
ʯڣҵľѾ׵ռˡ
ǰ½̫̫ǵʦݣе˻ڣԾӵĳϻһԺ˾ס
㣬˵Ļû𣿡½̫̫ͷɫѿЩһֱ룬һô˵ʧܣ
СŰѳٹ齻ҵ˵ϣչ˺óٹ顣½̫̫ɬ˵ҲٵĶϧһǹļУٹˣ
ٹһߣұΪչ˺һûã
ĺȣôȥֵط
ʲôҲҪҶҪ
½̫̫Ⱳǽˣʱȴ̲ס˳
¹ԺǱȴûлش½̫̫Ϊǳ£ԺùûˣûҪشˡ
ĽԨ޴Ѿ׼ȥӡˣǡȴʮ߹ʯˡ
ʮ߹ȻûˣҵķӡըȴֱӺ͹˲ٵȥ˷ӡҪҵؾĶ
˵Ǹܺıʲôȴû͸¶
ҺأԲŻʮ߹ӡ
ҲΪˣĽԨ޴еˣҲû취̤븽ֻԶԶĿš
½ʦɱ룬ôأʵֺγģţôһжˣôТ˳ʱû취ȫˣ϶㣡
㶼ˣ϶ģ
ңҪǻҲ㣬öż
½̫̫ƽĵͷţ
ڴʱиŮҴҵ˽½ʦиԳƹĵʦ㣬˵ˣɡ
ǸС̫СˣǸĵʦŮȻҷŽ
ʦʦľ룬Ǽġ
½̫̫վˣ

172 

½̫̫δŮͣվ漲ȥ
ʱҲӦ˹½̫̫ߡ
½̫̫ſڼʱ̲ס˳
ʲôʲôʵʲôλ
ڴʱͳͳҪˡ
ԸԼһȥӵİȡ
ʵ޵磬˼٣Щ˴඼Ǿµģ½̫̫ҲԼܳΪˣ͸ǹ׸
Ȼ֪½̫̫ʲô½̫̫ڻʱҲ΢΢һ
ĸο½̫̫û£
ĸˣĸ㡭½̫̫ѹĽģƺһ̾ʧȥ˹
ʵڲܲ㻰ԸΧ˸ĽԨ޴ĽԶЩҲһЩ
½ʦǰλЩˣǽ˵ɣ
½̫̫Ե˵ͷã
һȺ˽ȥ½̫̫˹Ƿﲻӿɹĺá˿ںؾǷõǵĵİΣ
½̫̫ίıʾʹˣҪȥҹᰡ
ʱҲ½̫̫ԲԸٱ֪Ĺϵ
ĸüģʵ
ĸ֪˵ʲô½ֱ̫̫Ӵ˹Ļʵĸˣʺ޵ҲʺνĵʦĸҪĶʹ޵߶ǲһġĸϣ㲻Ҫĸһ·̫ڵʴȣʵʲô¡
½̫̫͹̸˴ǰ
ǿһЩôųٹҲ
ҪǣĽԶںܾ֮ǰѹʵĽԨ޴ߣʲô¡ˣᱻ޵˵ǱҲûݵģʹĽԨ޴ڸмǣôĽԨ޴ʧȥǺأǵʱ½̫̫ȷ֮ģǹİ˵ĳ֣Թɵ˺
ֵʴȣֹ˻Ầ
ȻĽԨ޴ˣҲûаħļҶԹģȴǰûз
½̫̫֪ԼΪİʯⲢԸġ
ĸǸûʲôµˣ޵ҲΪԼΪøĸˣ½̫̫˵ΪĸӦҪչ˺ĸףԲŻѡǰС
޴־ˣԼչ˲ãôչ˵ĺأ
ҪµˣҪǰߣҪ棡
Ҳ½̫̫͹ᰶǰߵİʯǻΪ̫ʶû׿Щˡγ£Ȼŵ½̫̫ˣ½̫̫Ҳеԭ
ĸӲҵİʯûĸҺĸûˣǵ˵겻ĸĸףҲûˣ
û壬˾ˣﻹػһʶµĻأ
úӣ½̫̫̬ȺܼĸҲĸ뷨ĸСĸúõĹһЩӡ
ңĸҲ뱻ץвˣ
֪½̫̫ģҲȰ
½̫̫һЩ˵βûҵĵȴҵ˼ƺõ㹻ĸˣ
һЩĽ
ʵ½̫̫˶ԣ֪ԽԽǰȫ
̫󣬻ǣٵİ΢עУô½̫̫ǻ⵽⡣
Ϊ½̫̫ղ˴ţûк½̫̫˵滰
̫ˣʵҡ½̫̫Ȼ֪ʵﵽЩ˷ѵġ
Ϊ˽ⶾȫûбҪ
˵ĹİΣѹûĶ
ĸ˵ʲô鶼Ӧ㣬ҵģ
½ִ̫̫ţֻܵͷã
½̫̫е˶ߴȴϲͣԭƬ̵İůʹְůջҪ
õ飬ܿ㴫ˡ
ҲѹûϢҹǱ߱ˡ
˵ˣҪϢգԻǱߵżҲûа취
ҹˣ׼Ъ£
С㣬ңе洫˽Ъ𣿡
ûأվн
ôˣңʲô𣿡
ϵĵӡԵЩ̫̫˵¹Ժҡ
壬֪Ҫ˵ʲô㻹ĸɣЦ˵չ˺Լ
֪ƽ⣬ҶԲ㣡пЦĸи½ʦʱϣгһգܸĸһЩ飡
гĬã֪ž𣿡

173 

ž֣ȻϤĲϤˡ
Ϊ̫ǰ֡
ʵܶʱ룬Ůӵ굽жô㣬ô꣬˼ǵ֣һ޸𣬼ǵĺá
ҵˡм˵ң
л˵ꡭ
յֺγû緢ʱȻ޵ǹȴԸģҶΧ˸ǲмҲΪĽԴûȥӦ̫ӵĹϵںɭ㱻ͬе˴ɱžＰʱ֣û
ǵõžһˮɫĳȹ½󴦻źģòƹɫ㡣
ⱲӶûм˺ÿŮӣһʱҲɵۡ
߰ɣžʮֶµҩк󣬼иԼңȻĺܲҵġ
еһμžڶαʮ
ʱ޺Ӷ׬ԪʯɱߵʱżһֵѪζΪڳˣҵѪž
ʱžû˵ĶׯòҲԵʮֲ԰ףһϢ
Ϊ˾ž뿪ӶţžΧһСס¡
žƺأó⿴ƺصƣȬıȳ˸졣Ҳ֪ʵžУžһŮӣУڵӵһգ׵ȫʧžΪ˰ȫʱӡ˶ĺӡ
Ǻһգͻ𽥵ȥ
ʵ˽Ҳ˵Ϊʲôžɴ಻Ҫӣ
žֻǻشҪӣôҲ²֡
δӵĸ˭һ½̫̫ˡ
ʱž˱ʵǰѺи½̫̫УڵºӺʧˡ
ûãžجľʹ˻
½ʦ֪žݣһֱΪžﲻǸͨĵʦʵžﲢҪ½ʦ½ʦ֪Խ١ԽȫпЦʱȻģȴ븧ĸ׳󡣡
Щȡ
δԼĸȻž
Һ˵Щʵ˵ҷ֣ĸ׵Ҳӡ㡭˵͹˼ҡ
Σ̲סԲۡ
ʹ˲ٵ棬ȴɱЩһʱûлع
и顣
һĸž游ꡣ
͹˼ûаѪԵϵĸײ顣
û˵̫ףʵеĹ˼䲻ųٹġųٹǱ½̫̫ĹϵӺ½̫̫Щơ
ųٹԼĺӺ͹˼ûйϵȴҪ˼ţԾöԲ˼ˣ֮ŻƴƵҩֲ˼ˡ
ź£޷ϣԹܰȵĹһӣҪһ
Ϊųٹ˵ӲҪģ֪ӵĸ˭ؾʱһЩ¡
ųٹ鷢кӵʱѾºˣʱֺֻţҪӡΪʱӡõӣû
ųٹûа취Ŷݵķӡ˸еĺӣȴ˼Ҫ͹˼Ƕ
½̫̫ڴҲпԣѡ޸˼ǶҲڸԼؾڳ¡
ڵʲôؾųٹ鵽û˵
żҵϣŷѪУԼɻ˳˵ĸϣзѪ
еͷţУϡ
ˣΪʲôؾ־ôΪ־˹ҲŷѪʹϡȴҲ
ḽڣҲǺͷЩϵ
ʵҵĸ׺游˭ûôҪ֪ʲôǲô꣬Ҳˣģչ˺Լ
ĸҪиˣ
˵ţӿռָóһУװһЩҩеȵԪʯšʲôҪСĸŸң
ҪƴǣҲ½̫̫µĵطҪԪʯҲû
ҶԲ㣡վڹǰչ½ʦ꣬ҡ
еҲ½̫̫
֪ûУһ
½̫̫һЩģȴû̫ࡣ
мʹ߶ǰסĴڡ뿪Ҳãܱ½̫̫ҲӰ쵽
ϢԾ
Ҿ˵Ϊʲô¯ˣѩҲڹʶˣԭ;йϵ

174 ҪȺ

ͨ޵ڵ֪ǻϲߡ
Ϊǹڷһ㼫ϡѪžŮ飬ǼĺϢ
ǹȴûеôˣѩ𶼷쳣
ôѩ˵㲻ˣǿž
ôῴĸ̾һЩܣһҪںã鷳
ƥ
һϹѪҺòټЩ֪зѪҺôضҰ취ֱӶɱ˹
ڵĹֻǸССʲôͱ˿أ
ҪǣҺžڱֵһģǻ֪žйϵұ֤Լ̤ʯǰ벽
߹Щʵǳںġ
֪ԼŹˣϣףʵڹߣܺǿ෴½̫̫ǲһģ½̫̫̫Ҫչš
вûʲôžȻУǺҲžžչųٹ͹ô꣬ʹǷµ飬ҲĲˡ
лҪչ½̫̫ԹŻ뿪ʱдЩԪʯ
ͺúаѩЩܻĿŹ̫ˣ
žµķӡôܻΪ
˵꣬ѩһ˳˯ͬʱһȴĳϺ͵֪ϢĹʼ顣
ͶҵʱʵͿԽˣֻΪʮ߹ӡŻһֱѹΪĽҲ£ҪͻĻܵٻͨ޵߸Թ֪˹󣬱Ҳ˼
ֻûе𣿡С¶ɻ󣬡Сؾըûҵ־ҲûҵĶ
Һʮ߹̲ΧˣȴûзİۼϹѪˡĳҶҪЩϢǼٵˣ
ĳϱݱԵʮֵĲϣȫȨָӹʯǵĳϣΪѾǽˣԲҪνҪļҵСҲҪǼٵĹӣ˭Ҫõ
ŹĻҲ¶ɫ˼С˵ûе
ĻɿüĳϿ˲̽ˣ
ĳϵ˵ͷ֮ǰ˼Ůź½ʦߣ½ʦ͹̸˵ǹؾը󱻴͵ɭڵޣԵһЩӡΪһЩҩҲͻ
֮ǰżͻʵʲô£ǡ
ĳѹ
ʲôȵĵԲۣθôܳΪ
ĳȻ沼˽ֹ͵ȴɰʵڹҲԪӤϣ
ǹУҲֻһλ𣿡üĳҾѾͷĻɿΪҺʮ߹һͿʼȴûп
һﲻֹ
룬ѹ˵磬ǰѻɣ
νѻ꣬ʵ޵ǲ鿴ԼΪ͵޵ߵһַӡַΪҪԺԱѻ޵ߣҪôɵˣҪôֱӷˣصıǵ
ܶ޵߶޳̵ķӣǹȴãΪɱ˹ɱˡ
Ѿ̽ˣûʲô
˼ǹһС壬½̫̫ȻʦʵҲһ㡣ڹߵǼˣǣߵģΪ˹ѡԱ
ңʹԱô
ܻзӵġ
Уĳҡͷ¹Ժѧ
ѵһ¹Ժ𣿡üֲǹڵԺ
Ȼǲ¹Ժģ¹Ժиյ鷳
ºʲôϵЩͿˣѵΪһѧͻ𣿡
¹Ժʮˣÿһϰ١
ôҲΪһͻֵ̫Ӳġ
ͨѧȻ֧ģĳ̾һǰ
յĹŵӣô꣬Ҳֻôһͽܡңҽջյ˽Ĵ
ĳóݸԼ
֣Ȼġ
ЩɻĽӹʼ

175 ף1

ΪȻߣǽϵȴʮֵ˵á
Ҫ뽭ȥڣȴܾˡ
˵ϲҰ׵ϲš
ʵ˶֪⻰ǸڣΪ߲ɽʺڹ棬ڵ̫Ũ߲ɽҡ
ʵ˽˺ܶ취㹻棬ûýĶ
Ҳ֮
ҲΪǼپܾҵˣĳϻǹҲסˡ
ҽб£ͨĵʦͣڵʦʱҲ׶
һŽ£һ˴Ļ
ĳϸи㣬ĳϰһйѧ
ڴظӶԣҪ
ĳҲչΪͽ
ЩڻʳڣͿϰ˴ĺӱ衣ÿ˴ӳʱƺͱδ·;̫ˣҲϰˣҲûʲôĵġ
ǽյ飬ȴˡ
ѾǹʦˣﻹҪչͽܡ
СѾͷôôõ
ǶԹѻ꣬ǻպͽĳ̾һСѾͷ߻иصıĽԨ޴µĻĽԨ޴ѡȫ
Ҳ֪ħʱôĿ£΢ǵ档
ǣǿĵۿˣõˣ׬ٵԪʯ
ĳ̾Ҳ˵ˣĵеǻᵱڵأ
ʵڵĴ϶ȤģҪðŵպͽ˵ΣգôҲѡ⼸ˣǲ̫飬ϾԽǴ壬ԽϲֵĸоӷȡǣҲ˽²֣ٲӶ֡
ٺ̸̸ɣĳҲͷۡ
峿˺Ժĳϡ
ĳΪڵĳϣǱصˣȻǸ˹ӡ
ĳϡϲ²˵ݣǰ񣬡Ӷлչĸ
СˡĳŮǸ꼶ССǵԿʱȴɾþȡ
Ĺ仹ûеʮ꣬ҹǸ޵ߣǾһˣѾΪһǶĵʦ
Ǵǰ˺˵Щ϶ǲŵġ
ǵʵǰʱĳϻǾЩš
ǰСѾԵʣŵһ°ɫķ£һĨȴԵ͸СˣδͷεĳֻǼó𣬸ԵСɰ
˲òࡣ
½ʦĵʦߵﶼӦõõõĴĳϿ׵˵һЩѵĻֺ͹ȥ鷿ź͹̸顣
¶ɫʵҵʱɽ￴һ޴ĵ¯ΧɢŲٵҩؾըʱ˳Ҳû뵽ڵҴδһǧƼˣ
˵Źϲӣĺأ˵ߵˣΪҲ͡
ĳЦǧûˣ
ҼʹǧڣҲûȥһ鷳
ô᣿ٴװȵӣôôûأ
ĳҲ֪ӣҲʲˣϹѪҺˡֻʹǷԸԪʯ
Σĳϻ˻˵ϵԪʯ
ڹ˶ԣⱲӻҼеԪʯϵԪʯصĶⱲҲֻôġ
ٹĿ꣬ǵһȦϵԪʯĶ붼ġ
ͬµԪʯܶһеԪʯϵԪʯĶʵٶеԪʯҲѶһ
ʹżйڵɢӵҪߣҲֻһöܻٵеԪʯЩڹеϵԪʯʮ޵ġ
ҪǣϵԪʯ̺ʵļĵҩ˵˿ϵԪʯֱӽ˺ͺʦһĵȼڡ
ԹڵˣҲʮֵϧϵԪʯ
ϾϵԪʯһöϵԪʯʮöĳϵЩ˵ʮֿվǳͳЦǿһûʲôһ֮ϣС㲻Ҫˣǽ׵顣
Ȼ˶ҪΪϵԪʯѾֵˣԺҲ鷳أ

176 ף2

һöϵԪʯȡʮöЦĳϳͦģȴͦ
ڹڴȷǱҪƷ
ǣЩСǣȴҲǵʺеˡ
ռиСС룬˵Ҳ޵ߣССվүĶŮվүӵΪ˱ռҵļλ϶ȥģЩվүչС롣
СϾʱˣеٶȼ
ʹϺķ˲ٵҩݣΪҲൽż
СΪټǰˣվүСڶɽٵʱûʵ١
ϾСΪõҩġ
СôڶɽٵʱȻ˵ٷ֮ܶɹҲɹٵʱһЩΣա
ԣĳ˵һĲֵںŪˡ
ɫûô
ж٣ĳüҿһҲû¡
һöһö
Цȴû˵ʲô
ԽǳĬĳϾԽǼˣҹѾӦҪõҩǹȴˣҪ
ôܸ𣿡ĳϼһֱ˵ִߴ٣㲻۸񣿡
ҡͷʦҵõЩҲΪʦ̵зҲΪԼǰ̣ͲǵѧԺˡ
ȻҪϵȵԪʯϾǸ޵߲Ҫֱأǣͨˣǲõġ̾һңֶеĹôȱأ룬չߵˣ
ĳϲŹ޳ˣ˭أ
ߵˣ½̫̫㣬ΪˡﻹҪˣ
֪ǶԼ۸⣬ȴֳһӣúõ룬Ǹǰ;ĺӣһڹеġҪȥڣһöߵԪʯûǽ˻ʳǵģ
ʳȹŨٱʺ޵档ҲǵʦҲ֪õĻôҪȥʳǣձضܳΪļʦ
ԹСϣúõ룡
ĳ˵֮󣬱˳ȥ
һöߵԪʯʮö۸ȷĳϸˡҪ֪վүļ۸һöߵԪʯ
ϧϢô֪
ĳϵǸĵʦΪĺÿԱΪͽܣҲΪòýĶġһķϲҲֵպͽ˵أ
ĳȻ¶ȵӣɻȥ֮͸˹ù
ȻԸǰҪõȴҲˡ
ʱ򣬹ֱߵ˹Ժ￴Źȫǲмǹ
ԣȻҲϳǰˣؾڱ߹ʵһȺߵġ
ǣҲؾ
ڵĹǷӡ̫ãѹż֪̤ܲ޵ߣԹѹûġ
ѵ֪ռ˭ǿĳϣǻίεĽ㣬˵𻰵ʱȴʮֵĿ̱ĳ˵츳ĸϵԪʯȥڣȴʶ̧٣ĳˣ
ΪڵϡϵżʹڹУҲû˿ϰɣһѣȻĳǰ˵ķ
ĳңһҪúõĽѵ㡣
ŹЦĹң
Բۣ
ҪҶ֣ҲǿԽܵģˣɲҪҰѹ˵żҲǰ
û뵽˵Ŀݷĳϵˡ
ĳ˵Ǹ䵨СΨΨŵŵŮʵûʲôҪʦҲѹջῴ
òȷڣʹڻʳڶ꣬ҲٿòڵŮ
ԣ˿ûлĳϵĻ
޵ߣʮ֮ǰ̤ľ磬޷պͽŮޣǿģòȥȡ档
㣡Ϊȹߣ̬ȸǴݣԺܿĶŲʮֵϤŭҪȥɡ
ƽﱻʮ߹ѵ⣬̫ã˵ţԹ㱩ŭˡ
̧Ź˹ȥȥɣ
һˣŴҵҪʦģʲô
ס֣һ̹ǰһϣâ硣

177 ŲǸ

ճֵٶȼ죬ޣΪ߳һأҪֹķҲǼ򵥵ġ
Ҫǣڰ˸ù˵Լ
ΧٵŮСǶĺ
Ϊʱ鼱ȫҲ¹ĹصԼϡ
һ̹˵ϣһѪʹ˳ȥ
մҴҵط˽ŵϵĹԾļӴ󣬡ʲô
ʧӣյ󣬡ʦң
ǳ˲֪ڹϷô֪ܲСʲôأ
յǸСһóαװˣϲװǴ˵ʱֱ˭ݡҲҹ鷳ˣ󶼱ݺݵ˻ȥ
ǹϾͽܣͽʳرĿζ϶ҪȻûнƹϹ˵£ʦҵҪ˭۸㣡
ȻҲʶˣǰվλĵ꣬ʵǸĽɫ
ǣȴ֪˵ʵʲôӵģֻ֪˼Σա
ίˣǹôͳˣ
ʦĳߵˣʮ߹ءǸµӣ֣Ϊ鷳
Ȼ·Ȼӣһ˳ͽܣ¡˽ȴֱӲľ飬ѹøˡ
Ȼ޵߶ңҲʲô˶Դá
ңôΪ˼һżˣ¹Ժֳ̫Ķ
ϢȥֹڵĴûСҵ˻ĹĻңѾҪȥС֥ˣȡĹĻҡ
ұ棬Ȼ顣
Ҫǣֱ˵ʮ߹ĳϣ޷Ҳա
ڣǹҪɱʦĵҩʹʮ߹ĳҪ׷Ҳֵ
֮ĳϻҪºͻҵ˽ΪڣֱӾܾ
ҲǷµԭ
Ը⣬ȴĳϵĶ֡
˵ѣһѪʹٴһҲƺЩԾˣڳԣ˵Ҳģ
֪ңôܺأºͣȴ˿ģͬĳ˵ˣϵǴһĵ¯ҵģࡣȽʦʦá
ҵ˼ң
Ķ£ʱΪյĵֳҲ֪ˡ
ٶȱȹһЩҲ˶١
ﵽʱ򣬹վյ󣬶ĳϣΧһЩס
ĳʶԽֱ֮ӺĳϵͷЦЦ
ﲻ֪﷢ʲô飬ŵ޷Ǻ˴кĳϼˣȴǲˡ
﷢飬Ҳһʱֲ˭˵ѡ
ں͹̸ʱ򣬾ùȻǸ̰޵ߣȴͣŻùѹôҲû뵽˵Ǹյˣ˵в
ĺͿҲò⡣
ĳߵ˻һЩ̴ӣ̴Ҳֱ˵ȣҹʱ̬ȼĳϱѡ˸ŵĹ
ϾûŵҪɱҵˡ
ֲѵ֪вҵ˵Ĵ
ԽŹĻĳϾԽǲ֪ôˣ
ձǸǳ̵ֻˣʱѾװ׵ĺĳ˵ˣùΪЩҪԺˡջ˵ùǸұóǸ
ʵǸǹҪġ
ŲҪײҪҲЩݡ
ԼϢֱ˹ȥ
ʦˣĳϾ̫Σæתƻ⣬£
Ҳûпĳϵߡ
һЩûкˣǡĳϿʼͽɣ˵˵ĸ鲻
ҲڸԼ̨¡
¹ԺԺԺյĹϵҲӣϣղҪȡȥϣף¹ԺڵģǹҪһӵˣϣһ²һ¡
ϾùǸ顣
ٴҲǻҵˣûɸһĵʦǸ

178 

ΪǵľԵʣԱҵĳҲ֤ⷽȷ츳
ĵܵܽɭȴһ
ɭϲޣûʲôȤ
ҶԽɭǲ⣬нܵڵţɭ׵ʱ¾ͻܵѹ
ɭԺΪϣҲǶ˽
ĳһ˵һ߼ŹһЦ
¹ԺĵԺԺԺĳϽɭֻҪһ΢Թ£вٵ鷳
ŽʦϲТ˳ͽܣҲ֪ʦЩҵĵӣĳϼһֱͷΪЭˣ˵ҵиƼ
ĳȻʶǲû쵽ʲô̸ĵزҽ¹Ժ꣬ʹȴҲǲʵġ
ŷĳһֱںԼ˵ȥʱ򣬾;Щ죬ĳԼˡ
￴յɫȻ֪ʲô£ȴɶĳЩ
ʹЩɱƵȴܺãŶΪĳЩûȤأѵ㿪˵飬ҵǺҾټǸӡ
⻰ǲϸѹﻰķ̵˼
Ϊ˵ĺףĳ϶ûȤȴȾָʦ뷨ⲻǰŪô
ϧڳǸǴˣȻҲ˽ﻰ˼յɫҲ΢һЩ
ʵԺͽܡĳϺ෴˼ִݣ⺢ӻδʮˣǶĵʦˣҲΪˣ
ȻһиʦĸշţܳΪʦѾǺˡҲǸ֮ģ㲦õӡ
ʱֱӷһۡ
ĳ˵Щ㲻𣿡ֱӽҴĳϻ˼ҵͽĳɾͣȻ벻½ʦչˣĵӿɱ˭ȹ̡
ڿ˵Ƕʦ㻹ûҲ֪ΪʲôҪʯǡֻ֪ϵĶʵϵĶȴһϲͨ
Ҹ㣬Ҫ˵㲻ҲûȥڶǸ𵤣ڳڡ
˵ļ䲻Ϊе
˭֪ջΣͽȻΪ֮£ɼأ
ƺϰ˹ͻȻ飬һֱӱ˭ŬҲʮֵĴϻۡ
˳ЦԪʯ͵ݺͱ͵ȵҩĵʱȴ֪⺢ϲ̤ʵءԺĳǣҲõκһŵͼݵʱ򣬱ѸٵЩݵζ̺ЩˣǹȴѾʶˡ
ЩΪͼݣûмԺıҪ
߼ĵʦⱲǶЩˡ
ȴˣͼҲݣÿһڶбȻ塣
Ժ㻹˵ЦʵҲǺ⡣ĳϱһٺȴûа취⺢ӵȷǶĵʦҲΪãҡ
ǶʦһĽﱾ˵̤ļʦľ磬ˣĳϵǰ¶ʵЩãԱ㺬ǵ˵ֹڴˣ
ҵͽܵʵȻ֪ռĿֶԼĹЩãĳϣǹǸô¹Ժÿؾôˣұʵ
ϾĳϵˣǱȻҪҪ
˵ֿ֮ĳϣˣ·Ϻ˵飬Ҫǵã
˵ձվקŹ־ͳȥ
յļۣ֪ǹʦҪΪ͹ʲôϵˣƫƫģĳϻľôˣһһͷĽԨ޴ֿʧǰĹգ̲ס
ջˮ֪߳ܡ
Χ˺˼Ҳ׷˳ȥ
ȺһߣĳϹߵĽԨ޴˵˵ǹ˵ʦδ򣿡
ҾӦϴϴͷ
ĽԨ޴üĳ⻰ʲô˼
ӺɷȻҪ档ߵŮӣǲԼôȻǲҪˡĳЦĽӵһֱй˵ʦɣ
Ҳǣӳıͨ޵߶ÿ¹ԺԺǶ̲סĶ
Ȼ޵߶ԸֶǱƷ˭ҲһɾɫĶ¯
ĳ˵ִͷµĴһĽԨ޴ż䳰ζϴͷǾͷС㡪̣
ǡĳϻδ˵һ̶

178 

һ̱ɱĳϵ沿ͳ˹ȥ
ĽԨ޴ΪǱԵʣóñϵķú׼ĳϳ˿ʹٶҲǱ˵첿գҲĺۼ
첿ϵĺۼҪ˺졣
ĳǣĽԨ޴˼ĺݶϻƳĶ˵÷ѲӲȬû׼°̺ۡ
Ϊ˶أԴ˿ĳҲܵ˶δܵľʹ
ĳϵΪĽԨ޴ߣ˻ȥ
ĽԨ޴˿Ҳķӭ͵ȥ
ǽڳڵҪڵˣ׾ٵ飬ǽ﷢ߵĶҴҵ˻û׼ĳϾҪֱɱĽԨ޴
ĳϣǲǹˣɫĲãǲ֪ĽԨ޴ׯͽܰɣ
ׯⱲӾͽܣһҲжţĽԨ޴¡֪ʲôģ
ׯҲǱ
һħᱩǲ˵Ҳʧȥȥɱˡ
ھĳϣҪôߡ
ĽԨ޴Ѿˣĳټȥɡ
ĳϼ˵һ߿ĳҲ֪ԼЩ嶯ˡ
˺͹һĴ
ǰһϢĽԨ޴ӿռָóһŵҩĽԨ޴º̾һ˵ׯһôãôûѧĴӣɵȥ϶ʲô
֮ûбҪ
ҲȻĳɱĽԨ޴Ҳˡ
ĳϵЩ˺۱֤ݡ
Щ˺ۣĥĳϲٵӣĳǱϢˡ
ĽԨ޴һĺӣô˵ĺݣ
ĽԨ޴̧ͷͽ˵ллȴûбԼΪʲôĳ϶֡
ҹ֪ĽԨ޴ĳϵ󣬱ܲ²⵽߰˰˷ˡ
ĽԨ޴ĹǸˣ˵ǹδ򣬵ǹˣ½̫̫һǲԼǰ˵İֲǡʵĽԨ޴ֺγ֪ǶֵĻĳɱ֪ȥˣ޷ҲڱԼ̬ȡ
Թһ󣬱ȥ̽ĽԨ޴
´βˣƽʲôĽԨ޴˵ϲ˵˵ȥ쳤ϡңҲֻ˵˵ıˡ
ģһ㱨ģ
ĽԨ޴üҲϲ㣬ҡ㲻ұ𡣡
ĳǻҵˣŻһĳϣǹȥĳϵ鷳ôҲںͻҶˡڵĹҲǸոս޵ߣûбҪͲĻҶ
㲻õЩ顣ִӿռָóһЩҩҺĽԨ޴ڵЩңõҩҺ
ԽǿվԽõĻڶɽٵʱħ
ĽԨ޴ԣüͷĸˣЩҺ̫ˣ
󣡡ĽԨ޴˵㰲ĵðɣ㲻˵ϲ͸ϽǿҲǰ˵ҵİ䲻ǣ
ں庢һ棬ʮֵֵģĽԨ޴˵ҩҺ󣬲ŴԺ߳
ʵҪԸĳϣȻзӵġ
ֻҪԻҶԣñ˴ôȻΪˡ
ҪȥڣҲҪӴҵˣձҵƿأȥӽȡһЩ
Ҫôܱҵĵע⵽أ
߳ĽԨ޴סԺӣڰĽ
ʵڽĳ֣һҲġ
Ҳоʼʱ򣬵֪ʼһֻ߲ɽ˵ֻ߲ɽͱĲһڳ˼ϡķѪҺĻû׼ջg
ｵ̥gΪ
g¾ųбһ߲ʵɽ
Ҫ߲ɽgʵ˵Щ췽ҹ̷
ûзһֱֻ߲ɽ
ҲͷʼĹ﷢֣ʵԷһҲĵʦ߰˰£֪ǽˡ
Ҫʼô͹߽ⷵʼƵġ
ôջõķʼ
ҲԼհȫϵһ
ȻôҶ̤ʯأ
ԺЦŶԽ񣬡նлĽԨ޴
ҾһҲǷһС飡ҲЦﲻ˵ĵط
òܱյȻҪϽҸط˵
ҲǱ֪һЩڽ飬ûж͸ȥ
ʵҪĶУһͤӺ󣬱˸磬ֱӺ͹ڣʼĵԸ𣿡
ߣҲУ

180 

л˿˿а״͵500ңһֱΪⱾû˿ûע̨˵±ǸڼӸ30֮ǰϵġ
һлл˿˿аף㶼֪ҿж࿪ģлл㣡
PS:½дˣָȷ½֣
ΪʦȻ֪гһԼ߲ɽܳһgѪҺҲԼ档
ȻgѪҺûдŷѪҺ󣬿gϾǹŷãҲȥ
ڹŷgΪġ
Щ˶ڳЦ롣һֻ߲ɽĺñܳgѪҺôҺĴˣȻ߲ɽȴҲԪʯ򲻵
ﱻ˳ͬʱʵҲ
Ҳ֪ķˣⱲǶʦĽˡ
弶ʦߵĵز
ôܸأ
Щ˶ڷȴɵûʺ߲ɽķʼһΪҪչ߲ɽܾ˻ҵ
Ժں˵Ц𣿡ãȻʲôʼ
㲻úˣ֪ڲϳϣ޷ҪҰ£߸Ԫʯ·ϱ˵ͽûбϵô˳̫ƭļֵûзĵˣᱻת˼Һ˵һЩɣ
֪ХԺ𣿡
ͷ֪
¹ԺЩһХԺڹڶϤΪڻХԺıʵ֧֣ЩХԺӲձĵӣȴܾʮʵıȥͶǡڻХԺһжʵΪ
˵껢ХԺĵһλԺѧԺһСؾѧǽȥɱųһǧ˱̤뻢ХԺĵ¥
ɼʹвҪȥХԺ顣
ǵ޵·࣬ǲܴСؾųҲڱ˵ҵȥԼʵ
ҲǿЩСؾХԺµԺǳϣһսҹʮֵѪ
껢ХԺѧԺԺΪҪòۣɱŮޡ
ϧִ󣬻ХԺԺûйǶ˵Ůǣˡ
ΪҲһֻ۱һֻۣϾХԺûڹֳ顣
ڹ͹еˣ޷Ƕϡ
Ԭδû
˴ȥХԺˣ˵Ժ¡ԺŷϵĹϵԬδҲ֪ǲŷϵ뷨
ôԬδѾˡԺǻХԺԺԺ¹񱡣
Ҳ˵λԺ飬֮ǰɱŮάòɱòάּۡ飬ȻΣȴҲûۼ
źХԺԺԺ񿰳ƾɫǹòѵһӣ׷˱ȱȽǣŷҲһλ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԬδ񣬵ܸǣȷǸ˵ƵĵҩԬδָ
أ¶ã񣬡Ԭδûйϵ
ûϵ𣿡￴Ź鲢ûġ
Ԭδ񻹻ţôͻҪ𡣶£Ļᡣ˿ЩżˣӦҲ֪ɽɽһСؾؾ˵ǰµģֻڵ޵߿Խ룬˽ڵڽؾᱬ壡ǣؾΪ˽ڣôǲᱻƵġ
Щһ仰˵ģģ
ʵ˼ܼ򵥣¹ԺСؾв٣Сؾȴ¹ԺȿҸĴڡ
ؾڵĶ٣ȴƽ޵ߵΪǽֿ֮ƵĶɽ١
˵лХԺһλڵ޵ߣڽֱ֮˽ڣ֮㿪ʼɱ¹Ժˡ
һ¹ԺĲң˵ؾʱ򣬾ȻѪؾ˳
ȥһˣŵĲֻλ
λΪصĺܺãûбХԺ˷֣Բܻš
ǻʲôأΪĿʦʦǵĲǳ֮ͳ׵ıˣֱӱ˷ӡ
ؾﵽ׷ʲôµ飬ǻХԺ˻¹Ժ˶û˵Ϊ̫ڲˡ
ʵ¹ԺҲ飬ȴûá
Сؾ죬¹ԺҲûȷе֤ݣŰɱǵѧ
꣬ͽҲȥ˵ҼǵãѾˡ

181 ѧԺ

˵ɱ¹ԺˣҲǹͽܡ
λ²ҲһЩ顣
ҲȥСؾˡȻ뱣ȫڵΪͿҪڵ˽֣𣿡ҹ˼̫Ѳ²⣬˭֪˷ʲôأ
ڴԬδ񣬿϶ҪԬδġҪʲôΪδӴҲʱ²
㡪ȥЦ֪Ѿˣ㲻òȥ
뿪¹ԺˣͲȥؾˡ֪ʲôһ˵ûд¹Ժҵô¹ԺˡԺô᲻֪ѧǻ»ХԺˣû˸ȥؾˣ
Удĺ¹ԺѧΪģμؾ뿪ǱѧԺҪݻٵġ
ѧԺʱûпУ棬üôû
֪У𣿡˵εУ棡
ʱ˵һ䣬޳ܰ
ʹջţҲܰȫ뿪¹Ժ
ҵԺ˾˵ά¹ԺʮֵϲλԺˣȻԼͽܻѧԺ顣
˼ǣҲҪȥؾˣ˼ŽĻҲȥûΣ𣿡
㡭ﱻĻĿɿڴ˵츳ļĵʦһΪֻ󷨺ͷ׭ΣյʱһʱŵģȻӱܣȻ㲻ȥؾ
У棬ҲΥ
Ц£ԽԺ˵ô࣬Ҳû취ѽ
ôû취ˣЩܻǰСѾͷ̫ˣҲ˵°ɣǲ֪ųλѧҵͽܣ
Ҳ˰ƲƲ죬ЩΣûʲô𰡣

ǣܰٻųִ̧ӿռָóŷ׭һָŷ׭ǵҸҵģǿζʮĸʱģֻֻԪӤµ޵ߣҲ㡣ŷ׭ؾΡҪҲУ˵ڹ򲻵ģļ۸ǡһö߼Ԫʯ
ָӡҸ׵ιӲʱáҸԪӤڣһؾߣֻΣҪã
˵֮󣬼˼ּһ룬ԺˣǵԺҪ˫ѧ֡ӦҵҪôԺ飬Ĳµģ㿴øѧ֣
㹻࣬ɹȴЩЩ졣
ǸʼѣαŪƺƴ
ң˵ĸѾչضˣδ
ǽүĳ£ôĶˡ
˹صĶ̫ˡ
ֻҪʼĵЦûô򵥰ɣ
ȻֻҪиССҪ󡣡Ķˣֱ˵Ҫҵͽܣ

ôҲû뵽ӵԼܴ
־ǽҪǵͽܡ
ΪʦһΪյвȣһΪҪɽѾܿվȽŸˣȫûҪٶһʦ
Ҳ̫ȥԺüԺͦõġ
᲻գΪһؾ̫Ҫˡ
ʦޣû㹻壬նɽ׶༪١
ţԼüǿ
㲻ԺҲҵͽܰҲ֪͵ԺľףʵҲûùԺˣϾԺ˶Թ£Ҳϲ̨棬ճΪļʦ֪Ķкܶ࣬ȻҲûгΪ弶ĵʦ֪Ŀ϶࣡
Ȱ⣬ǰ;Ը㣡
γ֪Ļ˵ٺ޷úô¶ǵӣԽ˵Ҫա
գ֪տ϶ͬ⣬ֿĵĺȰ
ʱŷѾĬõĹ뿪
ڵ֪Ϣ󣬱ֱӺ͹˵϶ģҪͽܣ϶Ƶĵҩġ
ϲҲǲɡ¬ⵤԺΨһף
Ҳ֪СؾڵĹвٵΣգֲƽǰ㸻УòʲôҲ˿ڡ
ϾԼͽܣָԼôã˵ûҲٵġ
Ȼϣ¡

182 һ

Ҳ֪ԼѹǸϸʦ
̹ܽĶ޵ġ޵ĹҲǸŶѡ
ĺӣʵߵĸԶ
˽ԣǹͣΪʦʵҲԵõٵ洦
ϲͽܣ޵磬˭أ
һҹȻĲ죬ǻЩǵĴӦ˽顣
գϢʵЩˡ
ΪܵղϴӦЩտǸûûεˣȴظ顣Ȼƾյı£뿪¹ԺӻáЩХԺҲûڰ£գգȴһϲŲطĽھܾǡ
ղԸ뿪ΪӦˣҪػ¹Ժ
ջΪǰ飬Ҳת䣬ԸͶ̫ĸ˺¡˹ΪͽҲΨһͽܣԽԼ
ȥһգлԺ
סƳһ۽˵Ǹ츳ˣϣúõĽ̵УŽĻХԺЩƣֲóƣһҪע⣡
ͷ֪ҲΪǰصġ
ҪллңЩ˵ĶŽǰ̶ڻҵ֧»عʯˣǴ˲ٵļ㲻ҺȾưɣ

˲֪յľɺʶĽô֪ܲأЩ꿴Ԫʯ˾̳ӣȰղҪȥյԪʯҲơ
ҪǣЩƽһҲûȫյĶֻпյľ̺ӺǷԪʯ
Ǵǰ϶̧־ͺ˵ǶˣһϲͽܣʹҪ뿪Ҳòҧͬˡ
һȥһա
պȵļ䳩죬ĵ͵ԪʯҲڴʱĵĸɸɾ˵ҩһЩ͵ȵԪʯҪߵľƵծ󣬽Ʒ˲ٺҲˡ
ҹ˹ڹʦ󣬽Ҳʼ㲦Ƶҩˡ
ʯŹõңȻڽҲֻͨȴŲס¡Ϊսļĵʦںܶ൤ҩļϣʵģġ͹̸ʱ򣬲ŷֹͼʶԶԶĸ߳ļʦý˵ץŹһֱôȥˡ
Ҳܸ˺ͽｻ̸ϾΪļʦ꣬Ųٵľͼ⣬ⶼҪʱۻġңЩ飬һĵʦǾԲĵʦġϾ֮ͬǰŲٵľȴǺԸ͹Щ飬ҲڹۿͬʱһЩַһЩϡ
⼸գһֱڣڼ½̫̫һΣĵļˣ˵ŵĶһĪַҲֻ޵һ䣬Сĵ뿪ˡ
½ʦҪ뿪𣿡㿴½̫̫жʰȴôһѹҪ߰
֪ʲôֺγ뿪أ½̫̫Ц˵ǺӳˣվһҪ뿪ǵģ޴־ȻҲסӵĽŲֻҪĺãϢܸˡ
ֻ鷳ˣҲ뱻֪ߣߵʱҪȻġ
֪ϸҪš
ǱߣԺͽԺչţҲ˲١
½̫̫վǿŹӤͤͤŮĹﱾͱͨ޵߸ظ飬ֺγ뿪أҲףٸڹˣᰶ׵ĵȻҲס
̫ˡ½̫̫Ѿش𣬡ĺˣѾðźˡ
С̻ģ
½̫̫˵ͷл
̫ˣЩܳʵõһ֪Լǰ飬ڶˡڶݵʱڳɹĽľ硣ֻҪΪô̤йеĽУôܰﵽæ
֮ǰͶڹϵĶȫ˻رǱһ̫ı
Ҳף۷ʲôҪվڹߡΪЩͶ̫ϵĶΨйߵõ˻ر
ָо̫ˡ
ȹͽ߳ʱѾǰºˡ
ʱϻһŨĵζ
Ϥ˶֪ƳļҩʦϵϢ
ļʦżϵϢĳϵɫɷס
˭뵽һʮСȻѾļĵʦˡ

183 ߹

һĽΪ̫˷ܣûĳ˵ʲôǱһº󣬽ʲôһĿһƵļҩ
ĳϿŽ񣬴żɻ
ʵĳһҲԸͽģʱϻѿĺۼĽԨ޴Сּݶӱ˵ˣǷõҩʱҲ۵
˽²˵ĳ˵˲˵ĻĽԨ޴Ŷ֡ĽԨ޴ĳϵ죬޷ھĳϣҪ治Ҫ顣
ĳЩļնû˯á
ǣֲò
ΪֹҪҲҪģڵļҲ֪Ϣ˵Ҫ
ЩڹĵѹĵҪƷĵҩ
ռҵվүڵ֪Ϣ󣬾ֱӴС볯Źⱼˡ
ĳٲҩôҪĿҪˡ
ʱʹĳϲҲֵֻ֪ƳļҩĵʦŻõģȻҲϢǱϵĶԣ̫ˡ
ô㲻ţĳһɵӣóһŵҩ㳤ʶ
ǣĳϵĿܿͱתƣ鵤
ûǸĪӣƷ鵤
ĳϣ
ļļƷ鵤ȻȲôһżƷ鵤Ҫɽٵʱ򣬱ܶ಻ٵĳɹʡ˵һ˫ҿҩĴӵܣԪʱҪ̤Ϊֻ̤Ӳ١
ʱΧ˶òСĳϲϻ˴ǮһżƷ鵤֮˿һ̼Ʒ鵤ֱ̤ľ硣ھ˵Ѿ첽ˡ
˶˵ⶼ鵤Ĺ͡
ʱĳٻǹƵ鵤ΪʹļʦҲƲļƷҩġΪĳ˵鵤ʮֵѣ鵤Ҫݣмζ弶ģĵҩҪƷļʣ纣롣
ϲʦϲʦĳΪ޵ߣôҩأڣ鵤𣿡
ǵʦԣԪʯ֮ﻹδ˵꣬оԼֿ˵ƵҩҲҪݣҪԪʯܹⵤҩȻҪġ
ĳʣʼ۸ǣ
ö߼ԪʯԻȡһö鵤Ƶ˵ö߼ԪʯԻȡһöƷ鵤
۸һĳϵϳ˳鴤ı顣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ˭Ứôߵļ۸ȥһö鵤أ
Ҳ˵׼
ڵĵʦȻڶ࣬ɸ߼ĵʦȴҲԸ鵤ͼĵʦƲƷ׼õ鵤Ҳ͵£Ʒ鵤Ʒײ鵤ϡ١
Ȼ鵤ſʸĳԥ˵İǵð˵鵤ﹺ鵤ĺ󣬱ʸ
Ҳ֪ĵҲˣⵤҩһһŵġ
ȵð
ĳϵɫѾЩѿˣ˳ļ۸ǣ
ʮö˵߼Ԫʯ
㡭ٰĳԼҪһö߼Ԫʯʮö㲻ٿɫˣ֪۸ȻЩףڹڵĴȴԸóġ
ЩԣЩԪʯߡ
Ͼ鵤Ҫġ
ң롣ĳ˰ｭ飬ȥ֮Ϣʮ߹
һŮ˵ʮ߹˵
˵ʲô˵ʮ߹Թڹǳ£ùǸ鷳ʮ߹Ϊҩļ۸˵İû׼ǹĴ
ٺ¡ʮ߹ЩĿһĳϣ϶ļ۸Ҳҿ
ǹҪĶҵĻԵ󣬲ܴСؾġʮ߹ʼ䣬ңôҲûνؾģ
ȥǣһöߵԪʯö鵤붼롣ʮ߹ʮֵĮǾܾǾɱǡ
ڻǰʲô
ĳ仰󣬸Ǿͷۡ
򵥶ˡ
ǣǹǽǶǵʦڵʦġ
ĹͳǴʱΪ˵ҩɱ˵ʦôҾ͵͵ʦ֮ǰìܺս
Щʦû׼ܵ߸ҡ
ΪЩʦǴδѻҷ

184 ӣ˿˿а׵ļӸ1

ʮ߹ױųȻ֪ն
ĳڹڶ꣬ô֪ЩʦǶԻأǴʱֳ飬Ⱥʦû׼ץסֱĹĻֱʧ
ˣԻҵġ
ںʦ
˼ͲڻߣĴѡԹۡ
飬ȻҲ
Թѹ»һΪҪͽϾЩԪʯڻҶԣࡣҵϰ˸߸ϣȻҲ͵ʦִìܡϾ滹һأ
ôģʹ鵤ƵģΪҪأ
Щɻ󣬱ϾǹĻ޲˶֪ԼʹԼʹûʮ꣬ȴǸ֮ӡĹټʷʮ֮ǰΪļʦˣһֶĹ
ĽΪԼѾ츳ˣڿ죬˵뷨
鷳˵֪ļʦˣϢضᴫǳ̫鷳
ҡ鷳
εһ䣬ֹ鷳
Ǿôһ鷳ˣȴʮֵϲǮơ
Լͽ˵յǰ;ǲԽȻ뷨ȴҲû˵ʲôǰŹڵ
ܿ죬ƳƷ鵤Ϣڹʯڳ׵Ĵˡ
ҲΪƳ˼Ʒ鵤Ҳ˵Ŀⶼ˽ϣδע⵽½̫̫дŮʧ˳ڡ½̫̫һʧģ͹塭
ĨϵĺۼֱӰ͵˹ǳأĽԶ˸šⱲӣǶҪ̤ˡ
Ⱥҵ˿ʼͽ̸ҩʱ򣬲ע⵽ǵ뿪
һ䣬½̫̫ҪȥߣȺˡ
ЩȻ½̫̫ȥˣ뿪ıϾǸʦҲûʲô£Ҫô뿪ɡ˽Ҳ˲²½̫̫ӽߵõ˲ٱԲŻҴҵص뿪
ϾҲǽͽˣΪʦĽȻ½̫̫һЩ
֮Ҳȥ׷½̫̫䣬ȫһ
߻Һͽｻ̸˶Σüʮ߹ҪͶ֣ĳɶԻ˿ɿڣǴǰļ۸񣬶θǡĳϣĽԨ޴ԵǸǲŻ᷷ҩҡ
ʮ߹ʱش𣬡룡
ûҵ˸ǵǸҲ䣡
Ⱥˣڹгϡ
ҲΪʮ߹仰֮㲻ټҵˣջйһˣֱӰᵽ˳ڸտŲõľ¥ȥס¥еĲҵʱڹڵ֪е󣬱ֱѡõСԺǾסÿջʵ
֪ϲƣøǳصƣȻ͵յǰҲʮ¥ѹٻػҰŵĵط
Ҳڴڼ䣬ռҵ˹
ֻǹû뵽ҹռˣȻ档
Ǹµӣ˵ʱһƫƫ꣬νǫǫԼӡʹǵһμ棬ȴɱ⸱ģŲۡ
յޣҲĽԨ޴⸱ӿٷ硣
ʹŮ֪Ů̲סҪӽ
ôˣԼסСԺº󣬸Ͻлл͸ҵ
ʵ뿪ؾʱΪ־׷Թżʱ򶪳ȥĶ̫࣬бöҲԼĿռָŷö
Ͼ弶ʦƷҲΪöܴ־˳
ֲǰװ͸ġЩ죬ſϣȴһĨ΢죬Ӧ֪Ϊʲô
ҾҺܺãҲǿС볤ģȻͻơ˵ţóһƬҲ֪е鵤ʲô۸ֻ
ǳˣҪЦˣһƬҲҪȡļĵҩһ֣Ѿʧ˺ܾõĵҩ
ǹȴЦһ䣬Ҫ٣
澪ȹʳĻ˵㲻ⶫʲô
óĶȻǷƷƺΣеĵҩ࣬Һܵģܲó㹻ĵҩ㡣
ҲΪˣѯʣҪٵҩ뿪

185 ˿˿а׵ļӸ2
185

̾һ˵С
С⺢ӳʱĸ˲ٵˣѾһϢĺʵʺ޵
ɵʱСĸ׸ȥվүǳ׵ıͿһʱ׷ŷһ뿪
ռǸļ壬Ϊռҵϴӷ޵񣬹ﶼ˽ġƫƫһȴվүĳ֡
վү츳ռҵȻôһúõ˲뿪Ավү˵кӡ
С޵Ҳ޷ռţСꡣ
Щռ˰˲Ů޺վү棬СĳƺҲ͸ռ˵˼ѹȥӽŮޡվүͶԼԭҳϲ壬ּϺӵĿЩվү˴δĶ
С岻ãһ޵߿Եõͻٺܶࡣ˵ʵĲʺͻ
ǲǿͻôСͻȥ
ҶվүҪԡ
˵Сٵ׼鵤ĥһ˵̫Ƿ̫ĵҩҩЧܳ׵ɢĻҲá
һַ׭԰ٵڵҩЧɢԵʱһЩ㣬飬ʮֵˡ
һ鵤
ǲеࣿ
ʵͨ˼ʹһҲ׵ġЦΪ˰ȫʹ˷һЩҲ޷
һΣĬˡ
ռڹȻǴ壬ǼĳǣԼŮŮǣȴǺܴ󷽡ǹŮôҲı䲻˵ġʹȺμģЩϵɾǸŮҲҪ˵ģͶٶҲ˷ѡ
ԼʹվүţռҲò̫ĶС뻻ȡЩҩ
Ӧò˰ɣһ䡣
ͷĿǰ۽ԣȷǲˡ
Ȼˣһ׼á˵ֻǷ׭飬ϣ㲻Ҫ͸¶
ַ׭δطҲǸպóСؾڴ鼮ŷַ׭ӣѩ͵˲ٵĵҩڵҩЧѸٵɢԹŪַ׭ãա
ҲŴѩĿ׳һЩ
ʵҲ־żż𣬱㲻ˣ
Ĺֵط˵ߵȼһλ˶Ѿˡ
ѩ𣬲Ƕ
Ϊ˲ٵ͵ҩѩҲļ
ϧҪȴʼǲһЩ룬ҲѩƢıꡣ
ȻԸ˵İԼ浱ȻҲ֪ôĬһ˵Ƭ˶ԣǷԣӦã
޵һеȼġҲ֪ѩ𵽵Ƕٵȼ𣬵Ƭ԰ȡߵȵҩĶá
ԣǰһǰҴæ
ǣ˵ϣ̹ԵĹĵʦٵĿϵģֻһλòƬΪ̫ˡ
ԣҪĻռҵҲҼ۸񲻻̫ߡ
ǣҲ򰡣ֱ˵ˣǾͷˣ
øңȻǰʡ˲ٵ鷳
üŹ峺Ҳ֪ѩ飬ѵ𣿡
ΪʲôҪأ˵ҪͶ˰ɣңҲ㲻׵ĳң
ڹ˵Ĵºܷϲãҿѡ
˽Ѿļʦˣ޵·ܰ㲻ٵæһ׭󷨣׵ȥأ
ԣҶûʲôĵġ
⻰ǹ˵ġ
Ҳû׵档ֺγ֪ǰƽεεСˣǸó˵СѾͷ
ǣ˵ϲӡ
ãԹ˵յǷĶ顣
ͷһ˵ʮö߼ԪʯЩ
涼Ը֪飬ڹ˵仰Ҳû顣
¹鵤Ϣʹʮ߹Ķ
棡ʮ߹ĲյʲôвŮĹȻҵĶ

186 

ʮ߹ļ˱ûкøУ׼ȷ˵ռҵˡ
ռҵϱͨˣΪòܼ޵磬ʹռڹҲ֮һռҹӸȴġ
ռ˼ѪΪŮռҵŮ޹ūһ
ƫƫļռҵŮǣ˿Լĵλ£ҲռҵһΪŮǸź޵ģҲ¹ڲģ˼ά
ĵܵܣ游ۡ
Ҳ֪˭ҴϢ˵ȢΧ˿Ŀ⣬Щˡ
Ӭһߴת飬ʮ߹档
飬Ѿɲˡĳһź˵Ѿ߹ˣ˵ҩ齻߹
ʮ߹ԣʲôþȻҪĳȻ֪ʮ߹߹͡ĹıĵڶĺӣĵĹһֻ־ĹȺʮ߹߹μһġ
ֻǣʮ߹ĸĹĻʺйΪ׵ּΪ̨ʮ߹ӳһ̣ûгԹʲôࡣ
ĳϸ֪ʺȻ۰ʮ߹˼඼ھŻӵϡ
ΪŻǻʺĵ۵ĵմӣʵǼʶȻʺµĺӡʺͷ۵ıǣȻʺҲּңּλӶ۰δֳʤ
ĵ۵ΪʼնͣڽڣҪǱվѡչء
ĹĹǣʵ۲ɱչأǱȻҪչأ͵÷̫ӡ
ԻʺȻϣŻλ˽»ռϵҲϣռܰһѡ
ǱҪʱ򣬻ʺǻʮ߹ȡյİȡ
ֻЩĳϿĳô߹ôأʮ߹ֳĶƲ󣬵֮ڻǱռվүǰ˵˼ռҺͻҵһЩ˶ʮ߹˲ʮ߹˵Ҫɱʦʱ򣬻֪ѹȥ߹֮£߹ȫȨ顣
ǣĳʮ߹֣˵ʺҲּ⣬˵Ͻؾ
Σʮ߹ֹûõĵûõϹѪҺҪǻûеõѩϢȴ˲ٵԴʹĵ۲˵ʲôôҵǶʮ߹Ѿ˲
ϾСؾĻᣬ˭Ҫ
ǻʺּҺͻҵѹסЩˣʮ߹ô˳أ
ηչĳѹûʮ߹ȥĻᣬʮ߹޳߹ʯ֮ǰҴҵص뿪
ԣʮ߹߹ѹû档
ʮ߹һߣĳϸˡ
ĳڹж꣬º߹򽻵
߹ʮ߹һ߹˵ǹĨǣҪܷܲ²߹Ļ˼߹Ȼǵȴó󷨣òٶǰһ
ĳµǣ߹֮ͳû˻Ȩ
ĳϲµûʮ߹ߣ߹㵽˹ʯǡ
߹˹ʯǵĳź󣬾ͳڳеĿջȥ˿˼Լǹݣȥ˹
߹ĵȴûа㾪ȡ
֪Ҷڱصõġ
ʵž˲ڻңЩҲùžĵҩžʱҲҪЩҩϧҵ˼ʹ弶ĵʦˣҲûܲĵĵҩЧȴǼ
߹Ҫ̽ҲҪҩȥ⡣
߹ڼ߹ʱ򣬺ǿ
ϧ߹ǰ׹ĨǵĹڹȴȫáǰŮ۵ˣʮóڱҪĳװɵ㶣߹˵죬Ҳûдӹ׳õĻǹڼµ˲ٻҵ뷨
ⵤҩ߹ҪҪ𣿡߹ĵ𽥵ʧҲٺķʱ䣬ĳϱǸ
߹ü²𣿡
Ȼ߹˵ô࣬Ҳ߹ˣأֻһķõʦջʲô˭Ҳ֪˵ѻҲϣĶҴã˻ô죿
ѹô˵𣿡
߹
߹ǼĽԨ޴ģò˵ʹ͹ڵǱĽԨ޴Ҳѷɫ޵磬òʵҪأ
ĽԨ޴ٺÿҲǸߡ
߹ùʵҪľһǸ˵ʲôΪɫԣһڡ
߹ȴΪȷġ
ͻԣнġ

187 

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һ࿴űˣʷ׭ѧԺѧǣڵ޵߶Ҫ㣬ǡ
ļķ׭ϲ˵ڿ׭ʱҲ¶Ŀ⣬ǰЩӹ˵Ҫӡһڷ׭ڣù˵Ц֪ˡԣԹĸо
Щ겢ûз׭ʦ͵ķ׭ȴûһոսļ׭ʦˣоķ׭
оÿµǣʦƽﻹҪķ׭ȴû˿ĺȡ
Ůֱ£жȥˡ
ļķ׭ڵ֪˴𰸺Χ˶ˣŶȥķ׭пʮ˰ɣ
ʮļķ׭öԪʯ
Ҳˣ۸̫ˡ
ˣƵĵҩԺѧԺ˶⣬ѹͲȱԪʯ
Ҳǣǹ
̳ҪѹƹȴеԪʯҵ˱̨
̳Ŀ죬Ҫ˱̨ˡ
ʱȺ˳ŵϵ̳Źͺ𣬡
ˣһ޹ĿŹԴǸ˵̳ʦֿڣ˵ҪɱңһŲŻ˶ķ׭ֻû뵽վû˷ִ硣
ûִ磿Щ޵òԵЩֲǹҪģ
ôأǸ޺ģݷղһĶ׭˲һ̳ʦ˵ô˵Ĳ
㡭Ҫ֣ʱվ˳
վڹǰڱ֮ǰǾ˵ˣ죡ʹ̨ϣҲѧղôʵͽܣҲͽܣ˻Ҫ𣿡
û뵽ХԺ˾Ȼ˵䲻𣬹ˣﶯ֣մȥɾҪЦˡ
ɫĺѿüͷúվԸߵ˱̳

193 ǳ

տŹ̳뿪ȴǷ̵ЦЦ
Ϊ֪̳ûˡ
ڵ֪¹ԺԺɳǹ̳Զһι׳ʲôӡ
ڼ̳û˵ԹõĻ
̳Ҫ˹Ҫù檡Ů
ڼյʱ˵û뵽ⱲԵŮϡ
һá
ڶǹﻨƿ
˵Ѿûˣϣյͽܻܻš
ʵ޷ڷգ˵ֻ֪Ů޵ò֪ںʵʵҲһ¶ˮԵϧնԹŮûа뷨ЩûټǺա
˭Ҳû뵽Ҫ˹ˣˡ
տĺߵķ׭ѧԺԺ˵СͽܣҪɱ̳
ǿɱ̳ģɱ˱ϾԻХԺıԲ̫ãԹֱӷ̳Ҳһ档
ҹ̳Ҳԭģ̳Ͼǹˣǲڴʱ̳ôСؾǱֻһڵĸ֡ʱǹСԪǿҪĻ̳ﵽСԪٵæ
ڿûô򵥣λΪ˸Ȼ߻ħ
ڷһ̳ôСԪҪǿнеˡϾСԪеĹ֣Ҳ뱻˷֡ԣ̳ǹСԪõѡеһλ̳Ĳңӱ̨ʱ򣬱㵱һƵӡ
յȥ˵ԺС¥ʱ̨ϵĳǣҲѸٵʰŷű׭ը̨
ò˵óķ׭ȷǴûмģڹڵԺС¥ȣ׭ѧԺԺʹҴҵ˽Ҫʹŷŵķ׭
ʲôԷ׭ѧԺԺ˵㲻ȥɣ
׭ѧԺԺ˵˼ȴֻܿЦǴǰҪ⣬Ҫϳˣ¡
бϾһμĺӣڱʲôΣգҵǲưոݡ
ŹֵʱѾ̳׭ѧԺıԣХԺǲưոݡ
ȻҲ˷׭弶ķ׭ֻһţеʵһܷӳŷ׭ʵ
Ѿ˸ʦȥˡʵ˷׭ʵڻС¥·;кͽԪ˵ôʹ÷׭ԼһЩҶ޺ĵҩýԪһ͹ȥ
ԪӶԹˣԹ˵ʲôȥڹ˵㳯ĵط˹ȥ
⡭лˡ׭ѧԺԺԺҲû뵽˵Ĵ󷽣תҪ뿪
֪ԺҪ뿪㿪ˣҿԸԺôӡһڷ׭ķʽǡ
֪Ժ˸߲ҵĿŹҪǷ׭ѧԺĲʮʱ

ʮʱ̫˰ɣЩˣʮʱ
ȻԣԺȻԸӦΪЩĹķ׭ʦˣ͵ķ׭Ļǵ㣬һûᣬԺ϶Ҫץס
ҷ׭ѧԺѧԺԺ׭ѧԺĲ鼮̫ˣʹסһ£Ҳδܿʲô뿴Ķ
Ժ׬ˡ
ҷ׭ѧԺĲ߲ҪȥҲҪҪԵܲȥǵÿԼˡ
ҪǣǹԷ׭Ȥû׼תǵķ׭ѧԺˡ
ԺֻҪ뵽Լ߻ٶһļ׭ʦѧ͸˵Ķ¡
ȻҲ֪ԺʲôϽקԺ˳ȥ
ʱѾõ˹ýԪ͹ȥĶ
Ƕʮļķ׭Ԫ˵Сʦ˵Щ׭Ҫʦֵʱ䲻ϣԻ׼˵ҩ
˵˻ХԺˣ֮ХԺ˻ʦֲʦһҪЩ
Щļ۸ÿһͣȻҲ֪
ЩжĻԪҲһ
ΨйԼ֪ҪҴ򽻵ô͵ȺнύáֻԸôղܼ弶ķ׭ʦʹλ׭ʦڡ
Ϊգе˱Ǯ
̨ܿʰˣڼвûȥҹΪֻ֪սʤĶ֣ǶԹʦõĻش
תۣ㵽ˡ
ХԺߵȷ׼ɳˣҲڷ׭ϿƳɫһλŮ
˭Ҳû뵽кĹһ˱̨㿪ʼŮҵĶ׭ȫûϧ˼

194 Ӯ

ХԺŮǣƫᡣ
ǽջХԺɳó׭Ůޣ˵ϻѪҺԵóƻġ
ڣ΢зһЩôҪȡʤʵѡ
ڷ׭ıϣûжñˡ
Ĳҡ
ŵɷӼֱǱ
±̨ʱ򣬶д󺰣Ķ㻹Ǹ𣿡
ǸˣôֽߵŮ˵أĿ죬û׼һ̳ˡ
еƿط׭ϲûйôͨҲŪĽŲӹһ١
ǻХԺ׭ѧԺСɣ
С
˵СǳľɫôȴѹǿòƵģ
Ͳ֪˰ɣǱ˻СãаͲǸϧģպ͹һо׭ҲСжôľɫˡ
ⷬʵǲͬġ
òȷڣСҲС͹ֵġֿ˫޺ģСȴǹƻĵġ
һ֮һ˼主󻨣
ޣԼϲС֣Ϊ̫о룬Сȴָо
Ӯ֮ҲôСôأһҲִ֪硣
˵ǴХԺķ׭ѧԺԵģôȻ̫ҲþȫԸôҲǿ
ˣ
̫˲ˣҲǡ
һԣ¹Ժȡʤ
ҪԵѧԺѧԺеԺ
ѧԺׯǲĽԨ޴Ϊׯ֣ʵĽԨ޴ЩƣĽԨ޴ƺֱˡ
ĽԨ޴ȻǱĽԨ޴ȴûаħõҩĸɸɾ˶ġׯȹҸĽԨ޴ĵҩǾȹƵҩȡ
һʦƵҩʱ򣬶Ҫ˺ַƵҩĳɹƺܸߣû˵ҹƵҩʧܵ顣
ʵĽԨ޴ƵҩҲʧܣǼƸ߼ĵҩʱ򣬶ҹȳ˸Ŭ
Ȼ޵ĶŬǹŬǳ󲻵ġ
ʦָһҪʤׯĽԨ޴˵ʵڲУΪϡ
ĽԨ޴ͷʦģѾҷ׭죬ҵİȫ
ׯ֪֪࣬ˣ
ĽԨ޴ѹһڹõĻ˵ĽԨ޴ǹδ򣬲˵ĽԨ޴ǹĳߣѹĻﵱķһ
ָ޵磬ټˡ
һҹ¹ԺԺ˵û˯ţХԺҲû˯š
ԼԶˣ̾һ˵̳ˡ
ЩĵҩҲ̳ˣϧ˵̫ˡ
̳ϵЩ죬Щһƺֱ޵ߵľǰҲδķ׭
Цַ׭ҵǼ
ţĵò¶һ˿ɻİۣʱ۲һᣬ֦ͷİ滨¸ʱ
̧֪ʲôһߵߣϡ
ʱӵò¶һЩ
ӵòļϴһߣסգ¶ȴм˺ۡѹ뻳ɣȻؿһ˵ʹʦһʱҲù
ɫһ
ҵǰ˵֣ӳŹݺݵһҧһһɵѪζ
ǳ˱ôһҧҪ۵Ĵˣȴϰһ¶ܵ΢ЦǾͲ˵
СѾͷǺûʲôϵоЩ׭Լҵؾõʲôϧ־յĺܣʲô˵񰲸ӣ磬ҲˣǸ̳û˾ûˡֻҪСԪڣûˡ
СԪؾ󣬱̤ڣҪؾóߺҲ׾ٵġ
õߺָܻˣһӶԪӤˡòҲ᳹׵Ļָġ
ŵЦЦȻ
˭Ҳû뵽ߺȻ¹ԺСؾڰɣȺ϶ضǻء
ϧ־ߺһӣȴñˣûõĶ

195 ϶

ȻʱĹȴû˼Ļ
ĹĹʦ綼δȻ£δȻǵʱݴ½޵ߡ
˵δȻʦǿԷģΪִΣѡ
˵δȻԸ뿪ΪʥŮδȻڻ
ΪδȻǹʥŮΨһͽܡ
ݴ½ҲڹʥŮԱʱصĴͲ𱻻٣ݴ½Ҳܳ߼ĵʦ
δȻΪƳ䣬˱Ĺ˼ͽܣкȺͽɫġ
Ⱥͽ֪δȻһ߼ĵʦʼ˹ĶǣδȻҲ⼸ͽܵСΨкͳһֱġ
ٺҲ֪ʲôڳΪ߼ʦδȻʦʦǴ֣Ҳûӹ
ӡԪӤڣһӶֻԪӤҳⱲӶ̤ڣɱ
ǴѾϢҲ
˶Ϊϼǹ֪ʵȺ١
Ԭδʱ򣬻ХԺ˶˵ûˣȴû˵ʹСԪǷϲ˵ζСԪŴ˳ѪϰߣһҲԬδ࣬ǵͷ˵ϲľϵζ
ΪŮϲԳͳ־ˡ
֮Ԭδ˵ΪǵôһЩƣԲŻ֡
֪ʵΪı
˵һΣյˣͳһջᱻֱɱϧȴôΪʮϲݺ˽ֻгԼ޶ѡ
ΪСѾͷͻȻ֣ԱñХԺӮµȴ¹Ժˣ⵼»ХԺԺԺʮֵĲˣ˽ԺȻûԹ˵ʲôȴݺݵ˷׭ѧԺԺ
׭ѧԺԺҲίЩҶСܲԺ˵Сձسɴ
ͼƻãСΪСԪؾ𵤵Ļ֮һ
Сһ䣬ƺһжССˡ
ҲûסȥСƢСΪкܶˣڱԼʦһʹǲ
Ϊ飬СԹСԪҲˡ
գԺԼ˹СԪ
СԪһͨϴŵļӣȴķ
⼸ӵļ۸񶼲ͣĻǹСԪСָϵĽָ
öָǴڳϵģ˵ʦľϵľƵҩ߳ɹʡ
Ժڿָĵ˵ͷǲҪ̫
СԪЦ֪
ҲֹСԪ˵ţ˭ùСԪȷһĵأ
ȵ˱ֳСԪɨһ̨ϵݣƵҩ
ǣĵҩ׼ݵ˵Ҳ׼ļݣ
СԪ˵ͷ֪ˡ
СԪȻҲļĵʦʵļҩʱɹʲܸߣԹСԪĵҩԡѧԺ׼ļݺѹԼʵҪļĵҩ
ȱʽʼʱ򣬹СԪŹ˵μԺıԣҽӮ㣬ǻ˵ңʤ֮䡣
ģһķڷ
СԪ˵ȥݣȡݵʱ򣬸ԵҲˡ
˵Ҫļݣһ䡣
СԪͷ˵ĻҪļݣ
֮ڣұسļĵҩ
ʵ˶ΪյıԣСԪ͹ĵҩǹȻڴƵҩ˭Ҳûж׼ݣǶġ
ļʵֻ׼ΪĻᣬǶʧܵĻôҲʧˡ
֪ˡ׼ݵ˸ϽøСԪݺ󣬹СԪ뿪ˡ
СԪվ̨Ϻ㿪ʼֱƵҩĵ¯ǳĽʯ¯һóʱ˶ۺˡ
ʯ¯ʵͽûʲôϵһĹľƳɹģܷգĻ涼ɻҽֵ¯ƵҩֹԴľϵļҲ
²˿ŹĿ⣬˼ͬ顣
Ȼĵ¯Ҳƽϳл̴ʦƷǱСԪĵ¯վһЩ롣
СʦãҪˡԺ˶˵Ҳ֪ԺΪʲôȥ¿ǳ׵ĶǵԺ棡

196 

ȴǲм
ĸ˵ɽ˲ĻѾСˣɼɽ˲Թӡ
ĺʶ֪Ϊˡ
ǻСĻӣҲߴͣȴһ
һѹܼģΪɽ˲׼յıɽ˲
Ϣ֪ûжй¶
ݴ½طһֱǵʦǰ棬ļʦѾԱΪʦˡļʦĵλʦ߳һأҺܶļʦʵѷɫ弶ʦóƵĵҩҲ弶ʦƵĲ
ֻǵΪûдﵽ弶ʦҪԲŻᱻļʦľ硣
Ʃ罭˶Ϊձض弶ʦû׼̤ʦľ硣
ȴΪȽ̤弶ʦľ硣
ĸ׻ǸףǱɽ˲ˣʱﶼǳݵ񣬶ĵĹҲʮֵĸмԺ˵ɫͳ׵ıˡ
ʦ⻰˵ģʦòǴ¹ԺĵԺȥƵġ˶ʦʲôôأ
ˣʦΪԼʦǿôԺȥ԰
ࡣûĻʦһʦ
һһʦҲҶԺ״ͽܿڳԣҲɽͷ
Ժû뵽ľȻ˵ĿڳſھҪ˵ȴֱӴĻôʦܻϣСʦ÷ˮ𣿡
ʦˣ͸ˣ֪˻ΪǻХԺأ
ȰСһЩǱԺˣû׼Ҫ뿪أ
±ҪæˣٸҽĵĻˡ
˭֪ԺεıԣԺ˵ĻǲֹǱô򵥣΢עͻᱻϳԺΪ¹Ժɻľǳѧ
Ҳ˽˵ХԺ¹Ժãڶͱϳȥˡ
˭Ҳ֪Ժ仰ģΪ飬ò˵ʱ򣬶˵ˡ
Ժѵѧǣ¹ԺȻûгŹ⣬ⲻˡ
ǲϲ뿪ҾԲ
ļЩ˲˵Ҳ̹˲١Ȼò͸ƣǿȴĸһЩѹɵЩˡ
̨ϣһŨҵľϵʹнţС¥ϵȴɸоˡ
Ժׯų̋ϵĹĿ΢Ѿͷ۵ƺĵҩ
ׯȻ֪ƵĵҩȴǸʦҲ֪һЩġ
֪ʱҲûȥıҪȷҩ
еΪˣԿ̫Ӵȫҩеơ
ׯɫʱͱˣ˼ǣ
ţƺ֪ׯҪʲôֱӵͷ⺢ӵȷǸԼߵġ
¹Ժٵĳڵõ϶Ĵ𰸺ɫ졣ŷϣڵԺ˵ǰȥѡѡԬδ֪ĳɾͣ޷һСͱҩȴģʵ̫ʺҪʱŷҲû̫ۡŷ۵ģʵǡԬδ
ԬδֶΣԬδòƭԣòŮ޶ĸԸİԬδʦ
ŷΪԼλͽܣһλΪļĵʦʱҲԿͽ
Щ˵Ȳˣ˽»˵ʵ¬Ȳϣ
¬ʲô¬Ժ飬һǱɭķ
¬׷ɭ¹ԺֳĶСɭƲ¬¬ŻԺġ
ŷöĵǣ¬һѣ¬ﻹнɭԸ˫ޣŷӶû˯á
ŷɭ¬˽ҲԸͽǣԺз㡣
ٹܵԺ飬ɭֲϲͽԺ飬ЩԺ͵Ժо޴ìܣвٵԭΪŷڰеҵԵʡ
ֻŷôҲû뵽ƵҩĽͻȻͽܡ
֪Ϊʲôŷų̋ϵĹȴ˶ǰҲһλƵҩͽܡ
ϧͽؾ͵˲ȥĵط㿪ʼˣһӶֻʦľ硣
ǿСԪĵҩҪˣͻȻ˵һļĵҩɣֻеϧƷĵҩ
Ȼ˵ϧļĵҩʹƷģҲļĵҩ

197 Ʋ

ļ𵤡˵ˣȻƷĵҩȴȲ鵤Ʒʸһ㡣
ŷ仰ٿһ۳ϵĹЦ
̽Ｘ䣬ڿԺɫãԹǵ˵һαƳ𵤣СԪʵЩ¡
Ժ˵û𣿡ŷ̾һ¯ûЩ
ʹûгɹҲҲΪŻѡļĵҩ
˭ǹСԪأ
ŷһźӣƺΪź
ûŷɽɭȴˡ
ǽɭн¹Ժˣջǽڿ޽ɭʶ顣ڹԺӮһֺҶܿŽɭ񣬶˼־塣
ɭҶǿߣǿ߶ԼˣȻЩƮƮȻ
ϧŷĻһýɭЩˡ
ûʧܣô˵һʧһɭüҸӲûаյ飬ŷϻǲҪҲ²ˣ
СԪô𵤶ѡŷô˵־Լأ
ŷϵɫЩѿҪͣһԺƺЩˣֱӿ˼˲Ҫ˵ˡ
ɭ˵ˣȻ̹Ȼ
ŷϵȴһƵģֿʼԺǼһͷ󺹣Ҫô͡
Щˣûע⵽ϵı仯
СԪЩԼƳ𵤣𽥵ЦҲˡ
ΪСԪоһŨҵľϵ
ֹľϵŵҩҺתɹĹУе̺ˣùСԪþȵģС
ļĵҩСԪδ˵ĵ¯ɫĵҩ
ɵˣӵվŹ¶οЦҾ֪ĵ
һŨĵӱ̨ϿʼȥΧɵʱ򣬶¶˴ѵ񣬰ݺͱ̨ϵĳǣǵ۾ˡ
鵤
żƷ鵤
ǲһ̤ˣ̲ס̨º˴ʦŵҩҰѣ۸㿪
ҳʮеԪʯ
ʮҲ˼ҳһ򣡡
ҳһٶʮ򣡡
еԪʯʮݣ

ΪԵʣԴ޵߶Ҫ鵤
һżƷ鵤ЩȵĲ
ΪˣֻҪõһżƷ鵤ѸٵĹ̺Լľ硣
ڵҲҪ鵤Ϊ鵤ڵӲ٣նɽٵʱҲܼһЩ鷳
ļļƷ鵤ڿ¯ĵҩ󣬱ֱӴС¥˳ݺݵĿų̋ϵĹɫѿ
ʵγ֪ŮƵĵҩɹʱƽĺ̫ˣһγûʧܣǺܶļʦģŮˣùʮֵԺϲ¶Цݵĳ񣬶ĵ˵ͷ
ǲʱСԪľޱ㱻ڵסˡ
Ĺδʮ꣬ȴΪļĵʦó׭󷨣
һƺҲȫΪ
СԪ͹һƳɹļĵҩǹСԪһ¯ֻһŵҩһƷġһ¯ȴżƷĵҩӮԶ׼
⻹㣬ѹȲ鵤
ԣӮˡ
ХԺҲ÷䡣
ǰεıԣùãⳡԺȴһͷɥҲûƽš
ԺС¥ЦŽյĸ첲Ҿ֪ܰﵽң
ҲܸˣҵͽܣȻ㣡
Ҳһ仰ʲôͽܣҵͽܣ
ƽգ˰죬ԺҪģȴܸ˵˰죬Цôڵס
Ϊļʦ飬һʱͳ׵Ĵ¹Ժ
вڵȹ˵һСԪȻȺȴˣ˹
ǵԺˣֵĸԡ
ǶŹһһʦ㣬˴ʦͲ˵ǵԺĽˡ
СʦþȻļʦԪ˺ܳʱ䣬Ż˹ô˵
ļʦǿƵҩҲܻ
ѹ֮ǰô׭ۣҰļķ׭Ҳϡ氡
Ԭδûġ
һϢȴûЩһˣɫѿ
źһʧӡ

198 ѧϰ

ѧԺˣŷƺʧİ취ûС
ص¼ңҲүӾöʧ͸ˡ
䵱ΪӵϢүӵĶеʱүӸԹԼĻ
Ļ͹ùϵṳ̤̀ʵʵļ޵¼ôܶͻ᲻һˡ
¼ҸźдģϣȥӽӶƭȡȥ¼͡
Сĸ¼ҵ̫̫ϵĹϵġ
źﻹᵽ˵¹Ժܺ׬ȡԪʯһҪһЩȥ
ЦĹѾΪ¹ԺֿȵˣôȥӽңүĹϵȥ£˼ˣô׵顣
ԪʯмԪʯأ
ûжֱյźûƼӡ
ʱĺͽԪһ𣬽Ԫ̾Сʦ
ǰĶԴҲип֪ʱ򣬲۵ĶǹòԺ˶ԹʮֵĲѺáԺ˹㲻ϧǸʵˣԼʹԺΨһŮޣҲѹԹаϧ
һжˣ֪ļʦĺü߸ϵʦǣ޲ú͹һ档ҪӹߵҩѧԺЩ˺͹ϵʱǸԼǣ˶Ҫȥӽ
ЦĻǵԺˣղٵԺ˶ڰ˵רԺúõѧϰƵҩо׭Ū죬ĶŲٵ顣Ĺɹʲô飿
ǻ˵Ժǲܱҵǻᵹˡ
㲻㣬Ѿ֪ʲôʱ򳬹һ󲽣һԾΪļĴʦ
ѧԺļʦǸ߸ϵǵԺѧǳݵĶڣҲ˵Ժ˸óݵĶˡ
ɱźСʦȥʲôƺ֪ԪʲôϽοСʦúǲһŬֱԺá
ʵ˵Լ͹Ƚϣȫܵġ˽Ҳ룬ԼΪʲôǧ֮һȥҲվԼ˶ѡ
϶ĽģĽȴǼʣһҪǰǰе˼ά
ȻڵԽ¹ԺʵѾʤˡ
ԺܺõĸѧԺĳǣòμӱԵѧһҪǵðȫҪ
Ժһվ˵Ļɼȴ
ǴǰԺôѼѧأ˼ά޵·ͼ·̫ˡôͲҪѡ޵
ıѧԺѧԺıԡ
ǣѧԺıУĽԨ޴ȻƳĻףׯʮֵĸˡ
ʵǸŮ޴ģһѩ׵񣬼ʹҲа㲻ԵҪʱĽԨ޴û࿼Ҳˡ
˽ĽԨ޴Թ˵׵Ժ̺վǲһЩҪΪ졣
ǲںЩֻû뵽ĽԨ޴Ҳ뵽ʦĺڡ
Ҳ˵ĽԨ޴ģʵļĻס
̫࣡οĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴üţ
Ҳ֪ĽԨ޴ʹӦԼʵǹɿ̿ྡྷȴǲԼиġ
ѧԺҵЩ̽ʣĵͷ׭ﵽļôأ
붼û룬شһ䡣
Щˣĵͷ׭ܴﵽļô󷨾
εЦЦѧԺ鼮һ̫ˣ
ѧԺĳǱѧԺĳǶ̫࣬صĺܶ󷨣ʵڵ㡣ԺѧʹٺãҼҲܲǿõĶҲֻԭ̤
ڵʵѾѵˣСЩ飬ǻֵ˵
޵ˣˡ
ǡ룬תѧԺ
ҡͷʹҳΪѧԺѧҲ̤㰡
תǾȥѧԺСΪѾ˱Ǯ
δشʲôձ߹ֱӸϡ
Ҳ뿪ʱڶԹ˵ǵҵĻ˵㻰ġѧԺĲΪ㿪ʮ˸ʱǶ࣡
ҧгݣϽߣ
һߣղŶԹ˵ȥѧԺ
յĿ⣬һ䣬ʦȥ𣿡

199 תԺ

Ȼϣȥ
仰Ȼ˵ڡ
СѾͷЩһµȤȥ˽⣬ƺԶǰУ˿ηǰ·ʲôӵġմǰҲ͹һ緢Ϊܶ鶼ǿԼġ鷢㲻Ϊˡ
ͣԭؾͺܺã˺ԼҲ˺֮ʶˡ
Ҳǲȥ룬Ż˵֪ѧԺԵ˭𣿡
ţ˵ˣʦ֡ʵĻش𣬡˵ʦڵʦ
ֹڵʦƻ󷨵˲еġĿ
ĿֶֻʦŻС
аĿʦڿԷ󷨵ʱ۾һĺɫĹâҲͨһɫĹâԷ󷨵Ӷ׵ĻܶԷֻǰĿֶѹǿѪԵеģֻڵ޵ϡǣҲеĽܳΪʦ
һ޵ڳΪʦ󣬻мʵĿĿ
ƣ˵ˡ
ƿĿʵںͻХԺ£ƣƲ֪ʲôԭʼղԸ뿪¹ԺѧԺЩڵ֪ƲԸ뿪󣬸Ǹ˵ơ
ղԸȥѧԺΪǸʺ󷨵ˡ
ûаĿⱲӶͻ弶ʦľ硣
˷ʱȥо󷨣оͷ׭ҲҪϡ
֪ʦڵʲôֻʱתԺȥ˵ʹͻ弶ʦľ磬ҲĿǰĵز
˵ֿʼ庢һգʦģͽ׼ƣǺʹǰһ
̧ĳ̾һ
Ҫȴǰ༸̳ӡչһ˵ȴǹЦžܾ
ʱǰЩʧŮοһ䣬СԪˣⲢĴ
Ϊĺܺˣֻǡ
ֻʲôСԪЩǲ˵ֻǹҸãϣܽʲôһֱļʦһϢ֪õĵ¯ȵҵĶ
СԪԽ˵ԽԬδ˵ֻǸʦΪʲôϢ˵Ĳ׼ȷ
ʵСԪˣû˵СԪİ㲻ǡ
Ϊڱ̨ϵĹСԪʵֵıƽջҪϲ٣˭뵽Ȼ̫ʵŵ¹СԪˡ˽£ХԺʱ򣬲˵ϼɡաС˵ȵȡ
ȻûֹСԪɹСԪȴǺԼ
ڱʼʱѹƲϹ
һҲԬδ񵱳ΪʲôҪΪһŮ˻ԼڼʹԬδԼߣĿҲǷڹϡùСԪǲ֮ǰû˵Ļ˵һҪÿùڳ
ʲô¹ѧԺĽŮù̧ͷ
̧֪ͷʵ
ʵ߳һأǰ飬ڱ˵ǸЦ
ҪǲϲɱʱһֱĿĳۣʹŷŷҹҪؾġʱɱã
ʵڲŮΪʲôһˣɱ˱á
СԪüͷ˵Ҫɱƻе鷳
ţ鷳ЦҵҪ˭ҵŮ
СԪ˵Ԭδ񡣡
ӦòԬδ񣬶ǡ
ǲСԪû˵ȥЦЦҳŮҪ˭ѵҪһɥȮĴӦģ취ģ
СԪһЦ˵𣿡
ͷȻ
ʱ¹ԺͻХԺıҲ׵Ľˡ
˭û뵽ХԺȻûд¹Ժһ֣˴㵵ĲֹǵԺԺıԣѧԺıԡ
Ȼ˰ĿȴֻһڵʦȻ˶Էļ󷨣ĶļʦѪ
ò˶ʼ̾˰Ŀʦǿ¡
ⶼԽˡ
֮ӮԷҲΪ˵ҩ
ҩǹƵġ
ʵԺҲ˲ٵĵҩûһŵҩܰ򿪰ĿһЩΨйĵҩ
ƾãȷǸĵʦ
Աȥ˹л˹
ڵ֪ҪתѧԺƸǸ˵ĺ͹˵ѧԺ顣
εؾʵһ̡Ʋ֪ô˵˵ţ˵ؾڵ顣
˵Ϊ̣ؾά֡Ҳ˵ڷӡһǾӡʲôû֪ˣ

200 

ʵѾܾˣ˵¹Ժ֮Իڣʵѹĳֹ
ɽɽޣػ󷨵ޡ
ִվǴԣϾ˭һѧԺὨһأ
ִֻţԸŵġ
ҵؾ㷢֣ıȷѹĳֶֻǹﻹ㲻֪ˡеҲӹžɵ鼮ҵ˹ߺ
νߺʵǵϹʱһµĳ󷨡
Ҫ˼ʦѾﵽڵĴʦܲó󷨡Ϊ󷨷õϹʱڵڼ֮ɣҲҪ˼ʦġ
ԣߺֶϹʱڵһãûܼԦˡ
˵ûиȥ֮ˣǰ˼ʦͰ˼ʦҲǴĴڡ
ݴ½Ѿܾûа˼ϵĴʦ׭ʦʦʦˡ
ʦҲֻ߼ĵʦⱲƺ̤˼ľˡ
Լʹ֪ܶߺҲ޿κΡ
˼ʦͰ˼ʦµ󷨣˭أ
ͷԼϵӡǣһʱЩʧ
վǴšΪĻؾ﷢ʲô飬תƻ˵ؾ̣ѹʲôأ
ЩȻǲŵġ
˵Щˣ޷ǲ˽ȥؾѡΪؾֹļ弶ݣѵһľϵҲأ
ЩľϵݣʵһǴľϵģһ㶼óۣ
ΪľϵݣҩĳɹʣµĵҩֻҪݣôõҩĳɹʸ߳һء˵弶ĵʦΪƵҩһ弶Ĵľϵݣһ¯ҩżƷҩ䶯һʱ
ˣһø㡣
δѧԺμӱԣ֮ؾҲȻġаĿˣֹܿһͨ޵߸׿ӵ鱦
л仰Ҳ˿ûпóƿҩݸƣ״ƿĵҩǲģƿĵҩܰʦֿĿʱ򣬿ĸԶһЩġ
ؾÿԺĴͿڶһʦؾһҪСģ
ХԺûôưոݡ
Щ˼ĿŹҡûõЩݣ
ʦòõĵݣЩҩʦ㶼Ҫ£֪ϲǷ˭飬һƢֻҪ˹ĶǻŰ취ģԼʮֽ˵ҴؾڳҾҪתѧԺˣʦֶأ
Ƽ˵ôˣҲ˼ƴǡ
ΪȴҪЩҩ
ô¹ԺѧԺʦʦһؾЩʦʦô඼ʶģһмĸ鲻Ȼϣǳ£Ҳǰȵĳ
ȻǰĿȴʱܿģҿĿҪ֧֡
ԪʯѾ˲ٵķ׭ˣûиȥҩˡ
Թĵҩȼü֮
ƳĬãԹ˵ָң
㶣ָֻԼϣĿʵǿԽ˵ģֻ飬ֻӵаĿ˲֪ұ밵ĿӵԸУ
ҵ̫ˣܽĴΨΣÿֻһʱ䡣
ĵҩ͵Ժ˷ĵҩãǷ̫࣬볥
ʵĿȥ֮Ӱ죬ֻû߹
Ϊ˲ٶƾԼƺǷĸˣȥ֮Ʊʦܺʦ˵һҪľϵݳ顣
ЩȻ֪ҪתѧԺ飬ȻЩĽǱĽǸԸȥӽϾļĵʦѧԺҲռٵıˡ
ȻХԺ¹Ժ׼õʱ򣬹СԪһµϢ
ϢֱȥԺԺѧԺ׭ѧԺĸµ⼸ѧԺĲ˵㣬ûȥ߲ȫΪʱ䲻Ϊ̫ࡣ
ҲΪٶȼ죬ЩĶҲԺ׭ѧԺԺǰ̾Ϣ˵ôûкѧԺԺһȥתԼѧԺأ
Ϊ֣￴鼮඼ܱԼա
Щ׵ĵطܽ͸
ۿؾڼ⼸ѧԺĳϣǶҪŹһЩϵˡ
ˡ˸߹СԪ¹Ժ˵̤ؾ󣬱ܵˡ
СԪüͷһã⻰Ǽ٣
ôƭأ˵ϢȻģԺŮ׿˵ġ
˵ǧѵһţ¹ԺĽ
С㣬һҪСİؾ￴Ǵ򲻹һҪ뿪

201 о

˵⻰˵ģһĬõԬδ񿪿ˣ׿˵ģ
Ԭδһɫĳۣ˿ʮֵ󣬷ɽ
ò˵ָò󣬱ǰ˼ƣҲЩһˡ
ǣû뵽ԬδԼʵĻش𣬡׿˵ģ
ͣԬδЦЦ⻹˼ҧһë
˺һϣؾų
СԪû뵽Ԭδ񿴳Լĵ뷨ãȻ˵ʲôأΪʲôϣų
ڹСԪ߰¶꣬ͼʶ˹СԪƢԵµ̬ȡ
СԪǸദģԼĵƢҲܲӹŹֵĹСԪԬδ˵ʱȴʮֵĿ˼ŮҲŻеĽߣЩŵͷԡ
СѾͷһԬδЦЦȫǷ̣ݲ˱á
СԪ˵ǿԬδЦȴֲ֪νӻԼǰҪ˵ΪĿ̫ˡ
ϾˣͲԬδˡ
Ԭδˣ
ؾѧԺ˿ʼվ˲ͬĵط׼ؾڡв˶ǹСԪδס
ХԺ̫࣬ԹСԪûпԶĹ
񲢲Ժ˽ؾڣԺҪ
ؾСϣܴһų
ν֣ʵγɵһС泣궼׽٣׽ٻ൱ɽʱǿȣһ˽ؾȻȥֵط
ֵһƬ֣ﳤС
ýڵȹΪ
ԺйȥҲΪȹΪӶ缸̤ԪӤ
ȻԺ˽ģǲòǣƺҲû̫
յΪŮԴӦ飬ո߹ﲻֹ׽٣һƬСʺϹ塣ҲȥϣӦԺ
Ϊ¹Ժһű飬ܼ׽ٴ˺
룬Լű飬ȷ߶̶̵СʱԱӦˡ
ؾһҪСġĽԨ޴ȺҵóһӵݸҺĽӻɺɫʱһҹġ
ĽԨ޴ģ㰲οҲҪСģһѧԺǱߵˣмأ
ХԺڱ·磬ڵǮׯӮ˲ٵĸ߼ԪʯѾûХԺ档
ؾХԺˣû׼ϴһɱ䡣
ʱ¹ԺЩ˾Σˡ
ںڣʵǲ˺ܴľġĽԨ޴ŵЩˣڹؼʱΪĽԨ޴׸
ĽԨ޴ﶼԹĽԨ޴ٵķ׭͵ҩĽԨ޴Ա
ĽԨ޴úѧԺ˺͹ϣһȥȡ
ʵֹѧԺѧԺ޵ߣҲвٶڵġЩֺγ֪ХԺĴ㣬ǵĹȴǲԸƽĹһӵģԼؾ
ؾ쿪ˣÿѧԺ˻صԼλϣгϿʼ˵
ܿǱصԼѧԱһĴ͵ؾڡ
¹Ժߣһ̤봫͵ؾ֮ڵġ
䵽һԣΧһƬ͵ݵأľ
ƺȪۣˮ鶯ûаӡΧȴûȥˮ
˵յؾʱһߣ㱻븹С
浱ңһƬأŷ׭ҲҪʹǳˣҲһŨζЩθ
˵Ƕӵ˯ҲԸ⶯̫ˡ
Ϊ˷ֹҲһ˹һЩ׭
뿪ȴԶһҲһХԺС
СûôˣֱںС
ΪΧûľĹϵС̧ͷͿվڰϵĹ
Ź̽źһ¹ԺĹ𣿡
ûлشЦ㰡ҿ׬ˡ
ʹ˸һЩ룬ɿСĿ̰֮⡣
СûмŴӺóһŷ׭׼ƺҪٻʲôոˮڴʱҲͻȻǻһ
Χʼ޴ʲôҪܳƵġ
СҲĶĶ̼Сͷ˺׳һ޴֡
СɫŰˣŹ

202 

ϧֵٶȱ죬ֻһһ̱㱻ɽ˸С
׭ͷĻᶼˮû°ѪǴû˳һ
ʵ̫ˣ۾¶ںϣ˫۾ű˾ï}ˡ
û뿪Źƺ˼ϧ
ϧųԵ˲ǹ
ͬʱСҲ֪Ǻʱ˹Թ˵ߣֱӡƬķӡѾɶˣҪˡ
ܲ޴ΣգΪǺͲľܽСͨƬݵصֵ֪顣
Ǳ˷ӡģӡɱ֣ӡ֡ϧ˵ʵޣЩˮ޵ߣᱻɡʹ޵ߣҲᱻƬӶȥԡ׵Ķ
С绹߹ƬʵûʲôֻһƬࡣΪֳԵ޵ǲ¹ͷģ޵ϵķһˡ
ʹԶԶĿţҲ֪ԼֵĲࡣҴСĻԲ²ӡֵʵǺܶǰ¹ԺѧԺǰʱΪ˻˲Լŷӡ֡λǰʱѾڵʦˣֻһűΪļʦ
ֵزɼȷΣա
룬óһҩΧ
ڿĶ˫۾ı̱ͨ죬Źһ

ֵʵڴ̶Ź֣ǹзԲûбֵŵ׼ҩʵѧԺһְڸ¹ѧԺ޵ߣ뿪Σա
һкҲеˮҪˢҩۡüͷּӹ˰ߵ󷨣úˮܳˢЩҩۺ뿪
ʹûٻͷҲֵܸܵĺ⡣
뿪ط󣬿ʼóԺĵͼʼ²Լʲôطŵͼʵ¹ԺÿһѧԼļģôȥˣŵͼɲôͼ˼˹λӣطֻһξ롣
Ҫɽһɫע˼Σա
üҲûôá
ΪŵͼԺ˵ĵͼһԹյͼָ˼ܴ治ٵݣŵͼָƿһЩ󷨣õʯ
󷨻ǲơǰһƬ޵ľţҲ¶˼޿κΡ
ôȥˣȿƾɵľţȴһֱû˴򿪹ʹÿ˶׼ȴҲֻſڶ˼Сȴ
ԺƺҲָܴľţֻ͹˵һ䣬ɫעĵطȥȥҲ˷ʱ䡣
˻֣һľϵ󷨺֡
󷨺ʹÿһζƻҲʱ޸Լʹôȥˣȴûƿ
룬óԼָԼϣȻΧһɵĺɫâ
ٴ۵ʱȴľϵмϸСĺڵ㡣
ó̿ʼЩСڵ㣬Ƭľűҡҡ׹һԴӴˡ
һŨӭҲ֪Ϊʲôôȥˣÿˣƺʮִֵš
̫ʺˣŨĲϸôڵĵط
ȥ֮ľԶˣɽڵҹ鿴ɽĶ
ɽһʯϰڷľУһǷһ顣
߽鼮дţҹ
ⶼʲôЩЦá
Ҳд̫ˣ
ȹȴдⱾˣʵǺǧ֮ǰˣֻдԼ³˳³ʮ
³ʮ׵ʱΪĲزˡıԼˣҲ죬ڷ֮ǰдⱾϣܸıһλ޵ߵˡ
ֻ³ʮڹǰдһ䣬η㲻Ҫ
΢΢üȥдĶȷЩĥ
д
ｨΪʦ׭ʦʦȵȣҪ塣ôǣڴȳ˸࣬ҪƤŸöɽ١
³ʮڹд߽ݾʣҪȥÿ챻׽
ǹľź淢Ҫ³ʮʵ߻ħдⱾˡ
Ǹ޵ߣ˭Ը챻׽ɵӡ
׽٣ж󣬶ɹڵⱲӶԸˡ

203 鷳

³ʮȻôдˣضҲ⡣
Ȿȴֺĺܶҳܴ򿪡
룬ԼԴ򿪺棬ԲŻˡ
鼮Žռָż򿪷ʯϵľС
⼸ľϺõľƳɣ滹һС룬дţѩӡ
Сľеĵײһ仨ơ
һһ򿪺󣬷װ
һľƬʮϤǰЩҲһ飬ֻûŨڶľװǼϹŵһöʯʵϹŵĶǺõģƩϹŵʯʵʺ޵աԼؾԦ䣬ʹιЩԦԪʯǰӣϹŵʯЩԦҲܳ׵Ļˡ
ڵľУװһ䱻ʩ˷Ļޡ
⻨СףҲûмӰǵõ仨ȴϧ룬ԼǺλѩйϵɡ룬ǰѻ·Ż˺ʯϡ
װ޻ľУˡ
ٻѩʱöƬʱ򻹷ȵϹŵĶؾȻϹŵĶ㻹
ѩöƬƺЩ޲ߣŹЩᣬȷǺöɲ
̺̫ˣԲע⣬һᱬģ
û뵽Ҳᱬ壬ŪһС㣬ƻ
ãѩȻƬҲҪǵԼ
ȻûѧϰտĽԨ޴ĶҲ֪һЩôָƬɵŪһСݸѩ𣬶ѩõһСƬ󣬸ȥ󣬱͹˵ҪϢһӣң
˵꣬ҲٸѯʵĻᣬֱӾͶػعʶˡ
ʵѩѾǹıˣҪԹᣬǺױڰѩյĸɸɾ
ȻϣѩܽģֻѩˣŻԽԽȫ
ȴúѩóöϹŵʯԦº⼸ֻԪʯԦ䣬ȴǵõʲô鵤ҩƵģڴӹĿռָ˳ڹΧ
ŸոջָԦ䣬ǻҪһӣó˲ٵԪʯǷú󣬲Ŵľź˳ȥ
ôȥˣǵһľŵˣǻ˼š
ʯöͨĻٴӶָֻľϵ󷨣ֿڵľϵΧѸٵĴ˼ľҪøıεİ취ڵסط
һжˣóͼȥ
ʵؾж󣬼ʹЩ˼ˣҲû˭ܹ
ڷһɽʱҲаƣ
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204 Ź֣Ϊ˿˿а׼Ӹ1

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205 Ϊ˿˿а׼Ӹ2

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205 ᣨΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ3

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209 ټΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ4

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û̫ʱˣ󷨱Ƶʱ²ʵǱ˵Ԭδ͹СԪΪ׽٣±أ׽ٵĶҲˣ΢ע⵽ߵ޵߶
ԩǣû
ӻָĲˣһγȥ
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һƬֺЩ̫ĲһǵǺɫģҶǰɫģȴǽɫΪС˵ĹϵȻƬ˽
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С͹˵ʱ򣬹ȴǽסСȺӣôڵǲȫߣǱˡ
ȺĲУ߹ʵһ޵ҺʺһЩСǾùõЩҺ
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˵һεҺڹĳʮߵԪԪļ۸
Ȼܺ͵ҺȣǵӾ൱ǵĺҺҲòϣȻԸó͹
˫̸ףݽС񣬶һ˳ǵָһӵҺ
һӵҺóȥضҪùڵۺ죬ϧѹûЩۺĻᣬֱӷ˴óһЩװСƿ׼ʱóȥˡ
Ϊ˵ҺԼʹһδ˽𵤵ĽڣβͬǣҲסơ
ҪˣѩڴʱҲ˹뿪
ڵ׽ٺǲһģǿԴ͸κؾֱӽ١
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ųٹҲ¹ԺԺѧҲָΪǽͽܡ
˵ųٹ˱кܺõա
ϧųٹ½̫̫һﶼһģҪӣνĸ顣
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210 һΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ5

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˭ţֻΪ˸˷õȻǲġ
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ҪɽˣСԪԲۣǽ𵤵׽٣
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ʵɽҪ˻޷Ϊɹ˽ڵ޵ޱȵĵĸɸɾе޵߻ȥʱĽ𵤳ϣҲǷǳģҪ˱
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Լʹ֪˹СԪƵס׽٣ջᱻͳ׷ɱˡ
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212 һϢ

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ĹĻûкʦԼʹϢɣҲû֪Ǽ١
ǰЩӣʦĶӡɶˣ˵ҪصףҲ˵ΪʦѾˣӡŻɶ
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ۺʦݵİڣǲʧġ
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213 üˣΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ6

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ʱԬδҲ֪岻ˣѡ˻壬ǲؾһ̾ȻԹᡣʹȥô꣬Ǻǿġ
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214 ףΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ7

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Ϊıѩֹ˾ú䣬ƺ̴ܴ޵ߵķֱ
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ھĹġΪ˰ȫǺһھ
ֻǵ̫ˣÿνһʱͱױĶ
һľ̰ǣûˡ
ȥ˱ҲǻҩҲǻҩһܻõĵҩȻԸġ
Ҳǳĵľ֮
ңУѧԺ˸Ͻ˵ԺѧҲ󣬶ó˱Ҫ͹
Щ˻֤ȥ֮Ҫߵﻻҩ
лˣ˵պһٴչǻҪȡҩպڴң
Ⱥ˸ϽͷĶĶ˹ĵҩں͹Ǻһȥھ

215 Ķ

ĽԨ޴͹ɽ߽ȥĽԨ޴ڴ˿̿ڣǵĵҩ᲻̫ˣ
࣡üͷҪɽˣǱȼ̫ͣ㵽ʱζɽٳɹأ
ڶɽٵʱоˣڵ׽̫ڿˣֺοͲݵı޵ߣٻֲ
ȻĽԨ޴Լǰҵ㹻ıĽԨ޴ı
ĽԨ޴Ҳ֪ǲܽڣʵϹĺȡ
½̫̫󡢻йᰣǶϹĽŲԲŻ뿪Ϊߺ谭
úЩһĽԴʱûٷʲôˡ
뿪֮ǰܴչһôıӦÿڰɣţɽٵʱٰ׼һЩҩʤһЩ
ĽԨ޴㣬ĽԨ޴ȻҲһĻǿڵġҽȺ󣬻һֱڱ壬ȻЩñɵ뿪ؾұܳͻƽˡ
ţûͣºĽԨ޴ĽŲԽӽɽȵʱȴ֣ڼ亮ıȻŲٵ˫ɫ
ĽԨ޴Щ˫ɫ˿ȫժˡ
ĽԨ޴Լõ˫ɫ˹ƵҩõʵҲ˷ѡ
ĽԨ޴˫ɫݸҲûоܾ
ߵʱĽԨ޴ڴ˴ĺ
ùڰϵԼԼһԾȥ
ûбѩסΧһֵıϵʵͦϲֺϢģһЩ
ĽԨ޴вŷ֣ʵ峺ס
˺ܴǱףõɫΪѷѡ뿪ûмѰұϵĹ
ĽԨ޴ٴλصϵʱɫá
ɫøַ˼ŵҩ󣬲ŶԹ˵ʺҶ塣
üܳ𣿡
ܵģĽԨ޴ûƭɺȻܲǲܳܡ
䣬ܵԼһߡ
ֻЩ߹
Ϊֻ̫˽ģҲ̫Ů鳤
Ѿ˵ĺˣ費˵Ķŵ
ʵܺá
ĽԨ޴񣬺˼ů˻ᾭϰϢŷֺ֣ʵаԽǺĵطԽǶĹ
СһЩθɴڰϿʼƵҩ
ûĽԨ޴ֱó˰¯ʼƵҩ
ĽԨ޴ҲûƵҩʲô
ϢĲˣһ˺УȥʱϴθһЩ
ֻǱϵĹƺصĺҲûҵ
һʱֱӸ˹Լûҵ
һƬʹҹҲֻܿһСطĽԨ޴˵ɫɫЩɫǺ׵ġ
룬ֱó˷ŻıһЩҩıǱˮµʱ
ʱҲ͸ҵ
ɫȻǺöǱϵĹϣĽԨ޴õϵĹ
ĽԨ޴ûз飬ԹԵķ˵ҩ󣬱㿪ʼ
պ󣬱ۼ˲ٵˡ
ХԺôҲˣվߵŮüͷʦ֣ʲô
ǰʦ֣ХԺʲô
ǲҪҹ˴ʦ鷳
ǸңǾͺƴˣ
Щ˶ָñȥȡҩȻûХԺ˻Žס
ŻХԺˣҲЩ⡣
ķ֡
֮ĲޣЩǳŹģôȻҪùġ
ĺףһĵʦжãɽ˲Ѿ𣬿ľǹǵĵҩХԺŮ˵ʱ򣬾֪Ⱥ˱ע⵽ǵĴڡ
ǸϽǰ¹ԺЦ˵ûж⣬Ҳñ͹˴ʦȡһЩҩ
ǷģǴʮֵľ˴ʦôأ
ҹ˴ʦѾļĵʦˣҲŹǵġ
λģǻ˵ҩһ뿪
ХԺѧ߸ϣѧԺ˵ʱͷ̧ĸ߸ߵģ˷Ϊ˻ȡҩѾʼѧŵͷƵĺ˽ˡ
ؾ⣬ѧԺ˿ǣ϶Ŀɿڴ
ȹʱ򣬿ХԺѧ̬ȣʵһҲȡ
ھ޴ǰѧԺĶԹʵҲʧĸɸɾ
ġ

216 ҲҪύ

Ա˽
˴ʦХԺߵ˼˳ȴһǰ
ХԺ޵ߣʵ¹Ժ˸߳һأһλĽˣѾˡ
һͻ˽ڣϧ˶˱չأЩҲûлˣѾħˡ
ˣѾȥ˵ĹСԪ
СԪ˱㣬ŹΪ֮
Ľ費ȥҹСԪһΪʲôСԪȴ˵Լġ
ΪйСԪĽҲͲ֮
Ľȥ㳹׵ĻˡħˣԶܶɽٳɹģԺ˵ԼģҪٽһؾ
Ľĵʦǵľ޵ߣХԺԺȻҲôˡԸһᣬСԪӶõ
յĳ˻һӵ˻ÿ뵽飬Ľ趼ҹ˯á
ûѡؾһԵ
ڰϣ쿪ۣùСԪȥ
Ľô㵵ǣǰСԪȻˡ
СԪ˵ĽҲǵľϵ޵ߣʺ̲ĽǷԸһԵ
ĽԲ˳Ҳ˵ж޹СԪֻҪ뵽ҪĿﶼªŮ˾;ϢҪؾģֻǸ߹СԪһ¡
ڣеĵجζŹСԪϢ׵ʧˡ
˴ʦĽߵǰǻХԺԺѧĽ裬Ź˴ʦҪһЩǹ˴ʦĻ붼°ɣ
վĽ費ԶŮһɫİȹΪЩηԵʣһûƤĶʹţƤĺȴе˼鶯
ĽٵòǶôĳڣӡ
ǵ˵ʱ򣬲ײȾʲô˼
ﴫеľɫһֻԶ۶ɴ
ࡣ
ʦ֣վĽһЩХԺˣЩżˡ
͹׵ģװ͹ġҪ֪ھӷ˲ٵôһЩ
͸ôܣǴӲʲôʴȵˡ
ңĽھʱ򣬺üζ㱻ڱΧĽˣۼˡ
˵ģھıĽһԹһ񣬡˴ʦ£
ǵһμĽ裬ȴԪ˵Ľˡ
˵ХԺźܶ࣬ĽҲеһλ
ĽĸеĽԶݣֻΪЩԶˣûʲôϵˡΪ˹ĽҵշĽĸ׻Ӵǰܡ
û뵽ĽĸȢһ˹Ľ衣
Ľ豻ǵľʱΧ֪Ľֻһε
Ľȷûй׺ĸ׵ʮͻ˼ڶʮһʽ̤䶯һʱӶХԺص
ĽƵҩΪǫѷԵõ˲˵ĺøС
ϧվǻƶʵĹСԪ
Ҫʲôϵز̫࣬ԪĽ裬ΪĽĸҲǸˣ˵Ƕɽ˲һܳĹ
ҪʲôĽ˵ֻչ˴ʦշɽ˲䡣
룬ĬƬ̣Ҫ˵չˣҲ̫ˡЩˣҼɡ
ҲռıˡóһƿĽ裬һǧĸңҸļĵҩһĵҩ⼸öҩǰ´ͨģȥ󼴿ɱչأµҩٴδڵĽڡ
Ҳֻܱ֤ڵĽڣܲܶɹ٣͵ÿԼˡ
ħҩɽģʹҲûа취
Ľ΢΢һŹɫƼƸж
ʵĽԶԶĿŹʱ򣬱Ѿ²Ѿ˽ڡֻǹԼĽҲֻǲ²⣬Ҷ롣
Ľڴʱɱ˹СԪԬδˣǹ
Լ뷨һл˵ʦ
ĴģٳؾǰһһһΣһҪ£Ҫٸκζˣ
˵Ľӹӹ˴ƿһζԹ˴
ٴδڵĽڣǷǳаܶɹٵġ
ΪСԪѾˣĲִҲŹСԪʧˡ
ХԺ˼Ľ趼õôĺôһˡ
СܵǰóԼھıҪ͹ҩ

217 ٻΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ8

ΪĽ飬¹Ժ˱˻ХԺһ
ХԺ˶ۼȥȻҲ·硣
˴ʦ¹ԺˣԸñҩ㿴Ÿͺˣ
СʦԺˣкܶıȸһɣ
˴ʦ¹ԺԺˣҴ˵Ժʮֵĳ㣬ҪʹһЩҵİɣ͸òã
˴ʦȿң¹Ժż¹ԺģҾˣ

ЩһԽ˵Խˣ¹Ժʱʵãﲻٵʵǰʦ֡ʦ㡭ΪĽЩ˶ʼԽˡ
Ȼ˱ȻҪȫյġ
Щʹձؾʱ仹ʮ죬ӦûܲɼһЩ
ͷյģҲˣǺʦֻ
˵ĽԨ޴⼸ն壬ҲģԿšЩҩﻻ֮ǰļ۸
ȷǵĽԨ޴ģõıݶƳɵҩΪȥ֮ЩݺͱҪϽѧԺһ֣ƳɵҩѩС硢а˷õĻѧԺûа취ġ
ֻҪܻοСؾôܶණܷŽȥˡ
Թӣͦæġ
ΪǵĽԨ޴ϾĽԨ޴ǹϵδͷģһã
ţ֮ȡЩ˵óһЩҩģԼű뿪ط
ʵЩ˸Ը͹ףΪֺܴҲ£еʱ򻹶ǼŵͼĵҩȻǵͼĵҩǼÿŶǼƷģǲҪһԪʯ͸ǵģЩȻҪ
񻻳ģûЩͼĵҩ͡
Щϧˡ
ļ۸ʵǲҺܶ˶ֹƵĵҩѧԺĵҩƷʶ̫࣬ԱҲûپȥˡ
æŰձڱæƵҩ
ĽԨ޴ΪŹı˱ԵʣˮܴϼʱˣĽԨ޴ڵʱ򣬹ͻƺõĵҩСͰˣڼѩΣҲ˼εҩҲûֹ
ҲΪƵҩƵԼϵӡɶĸˡ
ʲôںٻһ
΢΢ü
ʵؾ֮ǰƵǷվùù졣
ؾҲǿߺάֵأ
˵ĿⶼۼֵϣЩҲвٵˣȥ̸Ҫҳķ
ȻЩ꣬涼ؾά֣ʵǿ̣̲ܻٵ޵߱˽ԼǰĻԵͷôܲأ
Ʋ⣬ЩвٵŻٹ̣ϧûгɹ
Ϊʲôûгɹأ
ͷϵʱĽԨ޴ҲӺ︡˳
÷Լϵˮ飬Լߵߣиоʲô𣿡
óһ̳ƵݸĽԨ޴ô˵
ĽԨ޴ӹ̳ӣݺݵһھơ
˫տɫۣڱѩԵ峺˵ݡ̺ʵڱϵġʦҲ˵ֱ߶壬õܶô
ʦңҪ̫ӽף˵׵ĹòҲͲҪǿˡ
ĽԨ޴𽥱Щãʦ˵ЩʱһΪʦҵʵɵԽӽҲŷ֣Ķ̫ˡ
ƺһĹʲô
̫ˣҿ
Ĺ˼ţôйĹ
ҲΪԼˣ⼸նڹ۲죬ɸղŸܵһֵĻϵԲ뿪ˡĽԨ޴Źʮֵ棬ûиܵ𣿡
ȻûиܵϵȴͨϵĸӦһֵٻ
ʲôٻȥһ
ûأͷЩʧ
ʵ˵һ飬һǿ춳ˣ֮ǰоȣѵе·ɢȥ
ϾǴţȻ֪١
ȻҲȥȻˣҲ֪ߺԼʮãȻҪȥ
ֻ֪òýߺķӡΪ˭֪ߺ׷ӡĶʲô
еʱʵ̫ĺġ
㣡ĽԨ޴һҲҪǱףΪǸϲκκµͷˡ

218 ȤΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ9

ȳ궼ѩĺ֪
ȵĺĺȻûᣬǺĺˮȴıѩ˾ú䡣
ʹĽԨ޴ıϵ޵ߣҲǺֺ䡣
Ͳϲɺ䣬ҪǱ׵ѶȣҲ֪
Ͼ̤ڣܿƺԼĽԨ޴ΪµĽ硣
׵ȷܰʹҹ飬ҲѿΧĶ粽С
ֺڰѹ֣Ҳ벻ףĽԨ޴ô־޴ĺڰѹġ
ĺڰǰеһжУ˴һ޾ľС
ȥĽԨ޴Ȼһ£ĽԨ޴˼һ𸡳ˮ档
һҹǲ̫ܿĶ룬ŴӿռָóһŰӵݸĽԨ޴£ã
ܻεڵڵûɣȸ߼Ԫʯ̺߳˰ٱǧ
˱Ͼ壬飬ҲһЩ
Ψʱ򣬲ŲᱻӰ졣
޵Ҫɵ飬ҲҪʮֵСġǽƳɵҩĸûСһЩæƲͬĵҩѹûʱ飬Ҳлвٵ顣
ܻεµڵ˵ҹʮƣ
ĽԨ޴
ƺҲ̫ݳһЩȻҹһ漴ʹø߼ԪʯҲ򵽵飬ȴá
ĽԨ޴ӹ飬Щ⣬ôˣ
Ҳ̫ˡĽԨ޴˵Щ˷ˡ
ϤˮԣǵڵҲ̺ˮϵԱˮϮͣңʹҲ֮ͲƵĵҩˣ
ĽԨ޴һһ߳űȥ㳯Ŷȥ죡
ĽԨ޴˵ĸԼĥĥҲûʲô˼˵ͷã
ΪĹϵٷ˿ĵҩٴǱˮУܿķΧ˲١ҹһΧΪ鱾ԴԸоǹٻܼˡ
ʵڵһǱ׵ʱ㷢ڱߣŻĽԨ޴ȥߡ
ĽԨ޴Ͼߺټݴ½޵߶ҪĶĽԨ޴֪Խ٣Խǰȫ
ʲôʱѩһں֣
ѩΪһֱڷƬԵʣ͵˲ٵĵҩʱڻ˯ǰѾļ𡣴ʱѩ͹ʱЩһΧĻתɰɫӣѩҲˡ
еΣաѩ˵ʶ㣡
ǵһ̤ؾٻĶôʶأ
ѩžߵʱҲ˵ǵ޵ϤˣǲԼڣǵžﵱҲһȺԦ䣬ȴΪһֱδܳɹ
νԦ䣬ʵܼԦĴڣǺһǻġ
˵ԦܿǣļԦܿڳԡֻҪԦ䣬ôʹ֣ҲˣΪԦǰЩ
룬ӿռָóԼ֮ǰͻԦ䣬Ȼһ󣬲żǰߡ
ֻԦȼ̫ˣĿҲ̫ˣԦֻܸ߹ǰĶûΣգȴܸ֪ˡ
ѩΪΣգԦΪûΣա
ĺۼҧҧǳ˹ȥ
ĽԨ޴ԵȷһƬĹ
ΧŲŵʯףΪʯ״ڵʱ̫ˣЩʯ׶ѾˡǴ򿪵ʯʲôûУյġ
ԽǽӽЩʯףҲЩʯʵǸ̡
ÿһʯ׶һģмķһʯףһ޴
Ȼߺ
ĿΧʵҲѹߺ
˫صķӡ
ҪƳ󷨣ʵҪķѲٵüͷǰ󷨣ȴЩ޲ߡ
룬ҲûмƳ󷨣һ뿪˺ס
һΣĽԨ޴ȴûһ֣Ϊ͹ķһʱܼ档
󣬹Ȼǲ׶ֵġ
ΪƳ󷨵ʱĶҲ鷳
ʱֿʼɻ󣬵Ƿӡʲôߺ󣬻Ҫټһӡ
ӡĶȤˣ

219 

ǰǽʵһ
ĻẦˡ
ϣûкĶǰȵĹһӣǸöȤ
ЩϲȵĹһǲƽӹġ
ΪֻվĸߣӵиʵղŲñ˰ڲء
̧ڿлһȦָϴŵɫâҲĶ͸İ˺ۼƾĿļʼ淽ſ̡ߺǸӡˣôǵЩʦΪ˱ߺķӡƿҪŪһʲôֹأ
ǼӺӡֱ¹󷨣ֻģ
ſе̣˳˼
ǰѧԺĲ￴ٵ鼮Ϊʱ鼮̫࣬æŵǼסЩû̫ʼԺļһ󷨣ס
ʵһ񶾵󷨣ΪÿһľӡĶĻǡ
ǳˣôЩתΪٽߺĴڣγһСؾ
ЩԽǵȼߣô֮γɵСؾҲάָݣҲ泤ĸá
ֻǱһеģ˵дⱾˣ˵ǷӡΪ󷨣Ǽʵֵġ
Ҳ˵ܲܳͣЩ޵ȥһ߼ޣ
Ȼ˵ģʵ˽µȷ˳Ҫһ׵󷨡ЩʵûгɹΪʹɱһֻޣȴûаЩŨתûаԹ
ϵߺΪʲôЩ˻ʧˡ
Ϊûߺ
ѹߺͬʱߺҲѹס
ʵһ󣬶һ
ҪƳ󷨣͵ͬʱ
һƳôСؾͻ͵ؾһ׵ʧؾһʧģѹ޻ǡ
֣ÿеʧĸɸɾĽԨ޴ҵ˹
ҵˡĽԨ޴һͷɫĳʵɢԺԵЩҰڹǰעĽԨ޴ʱʮֵĸˣҵⱾˣ
ߵǰֱӴӻóһݸʺϱϵˡ
ĽԨ޴ʮֵãƽףڴʱԵø鶯ˡ
˫տɫۣҹǣԡ
нӹ飬һᡣ
дĹȷʺϱϵ޵ߣңЩʵҹǲһģЩоݣһƹеǱҹһŰϧǱԲʺⱾ
ĽԨ޴󣬶ĽԨ޴˵º˵
⼸ԼŵҩȥɽñҲ֪СؾڵõĶҪѧԺһЩġЩԼˣ͸áĽԨ޴Щ͸ˡ
ΪõҩȡԵʣǻХԺ¹Ժˣϵȫ˵ҩҲ˵δСؾڳȥˣϻûбġ
ȷҪߺģСؾһôյıһȡĵط
ãĽԨ޴ȵĿģΪⱾ
ӹнӹ˲ٵĵҩҪСģ
㲻ʲô𣿡ĽԨ޴ʡ
ĽԨ޴ЦЦòĿʣôһЦѩڰů˵Ȼҵġ
ǲԸ˵Ҳʣ
Լԭ׵ģ
ԹΡ
Ҳ֪Լܶ飬ļδһϲߵ̶ȡԹض˺ܶೣ˲ܵҲΪõ˲ٵ
ֻЩ飬˵Ҳȥʡ
š˵Ҳ㣬Ϊã
֪Խ٣Խ˼룬Ҳȫ
֪ĽԨ޴̧ѳóϵúֶԹ˵һɽŵģ˽㡣
⼸һҪСģòҲҪǿ
봫󷨿ͼˡ
ĽԨ޴˵Ҳȹش𣬶תɽ˳ȥ
ĽԨ޴֮󣬲ָ̧Լϡ
˭뵽ƽġĿȻСؾֱأҲ߹ĿҪٽ衣
ΪߺҲ˲ˡ
Ѿǽˣٲõߺûлٽˡ
Ļᣬס

220 ɽ֮ҹ

Ϊ˶Ǳˮ׵ľ飬ּϹ˰Ŀٽӽ󷨵ٶȼ졣
ọ́һϵķֱӷɽΧĹľڣΧĹľһ
ڿɱң
ˣҴδҳء
ҵĺǰɣɱұá
۰
ÿһľ涼ᷢͬЩзŭġġĶĵġ޵ߵﶼǿɶģǲͬġϵȷδ£ΪԴԾ͸
ƥ
ؾ˵жôĸģôʵĻȴжôĿɱЩӡǶڷǵͨߺתάؾĴڡһƳ󷨣һôЩֻء
ʵֻһ޵ߣĲóЩ
ʹóҲȥˡ
Ƴ󷨵ʱ򣬿ֱ˺Щ꣬ѩҲֱԦȥɢЩ꣬ȡʱȥշߺ
ǹûѩĽ飬Ƴ󷨵ͬʱһγЩԹ޵ꡣ
һֻ߼ֳ걻ӡڵԹ޿֪Ϊ˳Ǻķ˲ٵʱ䣬ʹѾ̤˽ڣҲ𽥵ĳѷۼ
ǣѩԽԽ٣ȻҲЩˣЩ͸Ǹ߸ϵģЩʹҲֺαط߷߲ƽ
ߵ͹ģʹҪı䣬Ҳǲܵģ
ﶼģ
㼴ʹЩΣǲм㣡޵ߺƲģǣҲõã
ƽܴģΪʲôʱȴ˵Ĵ
ѩŹƿڴ޲ֱѹ˷ʱЩѾȥ˶ϣϽƳ󷨣õߺȷġֱ˷ʱ䣡
ۿؾ󷨵ʱԽԽѩҲĹòߺԲŻ˵ûò
ʵ˭ù˷ʱ䡣
޵ߵԶΪѩΪɹȴһƽȡ
ȥʱ䣬ڼ˲ٵĵҩųһֻ޵Ļǡ
汻ƼһȻ˵ĳ档
ɽµĿɮҲˣеĳͨӼԼоġǾԼԣͲϤĳȻ˿ɮüʱܳĻǡ
ʵЩǱߺӡ̫ˣʹԹҲʧ˲٣Ǵ󲿷˶ҪѣûŹȡʹмԸ뿪ģҲڹǿò뿪
㣡ѩҲǵһμʶˣȻ˵Ŀ¡
ֻһڵߣΪʲô˵ĳ档
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ɫãǱ˳еѪҺһĴûаѪɫ
ûѩ˵ҵĲ²ǶԵģ
ɽ⡣
Ƶҩٶȱƽĵʦ죬ѩƵĵҩƷʻͨʦƵĵҩҪϼĽԨ޴ÿնɽһռҹֻصɽƵռı
Ϊв˴Ϣؾڲٵ޵ߣڱＯھ
ڼĽԨ޴Сʦأôûкһ
ҪƵҩĽԨ޴ѣȻóƿ˵ȡ̫ˣҲæƵҩȻûʱ
ĵûлĽԨ޴ĻϾȡ̫ˣȷҪæƵҩ
Ȼֹģȡҩ޵Ƕû뵽ʵƺ˵ҩ
һҹ
ͻȻ˴ɽ˳
Χ󺰣ޡޣ
ĻϽŷĵطۼžۼһȻԵסޡ
ĽԨ޴ԺֻüͷɽȺķ
ͻȻһǿɽɢﻹЦ
ҹ˶Цһ˾ÿµ飬ǲ֪ΪʲôЩЦȴ޵Ǿÿġ
õ飬ǻᴫȾġ
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ɽôΣգôҽأôǿǾ˺ܿµɣ

221 ΧΪ˿˿а׼Ӹ10

ĽԨ޴û˵ֻǿһֱ죬ڵҹ硣
վɽ޵ȴһֱɽһóԼķ׼ޡ
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ʱȥˣȷԽԽŨˣȴûа޳֡
˵ˣɽĻﶼûС
Щ˱飬ǽȥɣ
Ҳãȥɽﵽ׷ʲô飿
ǷŨ߼֣˲Ϊȥȥ
ǰ̫ˣǽȥضˡ
뿪ͼʱˣҪȥҲȥȥҪȥǾԼȥɣ
еͳһССìܡ
۴ôȴûһ˸ҳɽȥ
̫ŨҺһЦ˾ù졣
ĽԨ޴Ҳûжֻϲ˵ǡ
һӣĽȺ˵һ仰󣬱㿴ɽϵĽԨ޴
ߵĽԨ޴ߣһЩݺͱĽԨ޴󣬲˵Ҹ˴ʦл񡣡
ˡĽԨ޴ΪĹѹûĽ˵ʲô
ȴ󷨿˶ᱻͳȥġĽ֪ʲôƵ˵Ҳᴫȥģ
ĽǰձȺ￴ͦεĽԨ޴
˵𣬹ʵѾδιռʵΪδ
ΪԱˣкܴ洦
Ľ赱ʱҲĽԨ޴˼ֺ棬ɵĽԨ޴ʱ򣬲ж㡣ʹǱںȴûаħ˿ûħסĽԨ޴ǲֵĻʵͨ޵һģû˲µĳǱ
еʦϸĵշڵħôһڵıˣħдڡ
ĽĽԨ޴˵һĽ
ԣĽعʱȴɽȶڲ
ҿۼһ𣡡ĽץסĽԨ޴ֱ֣ӳȺȥ󣡡
ʱҪɽӳȥѾˣֻҪסСʱֱӱͳȥ
ĽԨ޴ûзĽקŵʱҲոջع
˴ʦأ˼ĽԨ޴˹ЩˣǲǻƵҩ
ʲôʱˣôƵҩأ
Ͻù˴ʦϾҪˣ

Χ˶͹⣬ʱȻϣ£ԶĽԨ޴ӦùϽ
ĽԨ޴üԲѣʦʱɻ䱻˴ϣᱣԼģ
仰ţĽԨ޴δЩ̫ˡĽԨ޴ȷҲû˵ٻʦƵҩʱʵ̫ϲ˴ţΪ׵ʧܣصĻỹը¯
ۿڼɽ𶯵ǶæԱ㲻ȥˡ
ؾ⡣
¹ԺǻХԺԺѧǣѾؾ⡣
ΪжൣؾˣؾͻȻһŨǲò
ؾƺҲҡҡ׹
ǣɭؾĳڴüͷҼ˵ȥˡ
ؾҪˣһĽȴûнɭô˼ά󷨡
ôά󷨵ģԭް˼ţ˵ˡ
ؾôγɵģʵ¹ԺĳĲ֪֪ܵģΨ¹ԺԺ
ʱɫѿΪΧ˶ɣŽȥĹɱ˲ٵˣҪݻؾ
Ͼ¹ԺԺȻ֪ؾܣҪݻؾҲ׾ٵġ
еˣߵԺǣûһûɹȥ
˻𣿡ɭüͷա
ãȻĿؾڣҡͷ֪
ȻΪ¹ԺԺԺ꣬ȴδļȻһֱţؾڵȴǲֺ֪ܵġ
Դӹıºյɫûкÿ
ΪɽȥĹ˹βìܡ
ʱֹѧԺЩţպ֮ҲЩ졣¹Ժˣû׼Ҫˡ
ʱưͳԻп˵
ˣ
ΧĴͻȻһɫĹâؾѧԱʼͳ
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ĸɸɾ˶ǡ
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222 

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ĹֹһϢƺһ綼
ʵտʼʱɹ᲻ǹġ
Դƹ¹Ժʼδһ޵ߣɫʹǵ桢ȵȶûй㡣
ļĵʦͨ׭󷨣ÿѧԺ˶޲תԼԺڡΪ£Ȼùɵڲ߶
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ЩԺùȥˡ
˽ǰοȥȥڶ̶̵ʮʱڣܿأҼʹˣҲδؿף
ףҪԣҲҪֹˣ
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û뵽Ů˵ĻȻӦˣĲСؾڡ
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ȵȣվԶȺ˳ɽһ峺ģ֪ԺԺĹСʦãҲΪģ¹ԺĹأ
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ΪСʦǵͽܣͲЩԪʯ˰ɣ
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պͽҲ˼һֱĬ¬̧ͷԺѧԺĽΪǲӮ¹Ժ㹻ڣҪ𣿡
¬֪˵ʲô̾һҲ
С˵ûѧԺĹء
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¬Ҳûа취ҽ¹Ժʱ򣬾Ѿˣ
ʱ¬񣬴˼Į
ɽλɽɽϣ¹ԺеĶŨĵط˵طȷһһ㣬ȴǲᲹġ
Ϊɽ棬һ
ֻҪÿ㹻һôɽͲݽߡ
Ϊ¹ԺԺÿ궼Խɽڱչ죬ԺеĴ
ΪԺȴ˽ȥʵٳǶ֪ȴû˵ʲô
ΪһѧԺˣҪվͬһսϡ
ЩպͽΪѧԺ˲٣ʹüµĲɽҲȻġ
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ʵĺ
ҸʱȺﴫһͳ
һһԲ۵꣬ͳ˵ǰ

223 꾫

ԣŷĵطȥ
һϤס
òʣֻôվűһµķ羰Щƺ͸˵ͣҪκζĶׯ
棬ʲôɫĲãƺ˼Թɱˡ
ɽʮеԪʯ򣬸ǧ
֪ʮǸʲô𣿡
ŵƺһ̱Щͱˣͷϴ׿ں˵Ҳֹˡ
ϧδԸ
֪浭һЦʹΧŮ֪ŮȴɲⱻòʮԪʯС㲻ΪҸɣ
˵űӿռָóһİеԪʯЩһٴеһЩ
סãұԪʯһֶ٣
İ򣿡Щʧ̬ôԪʯ
һȴûٻش⣬תֱӶ˵ԪʯԺȥɽ𣿡
ѹûٵش𣬱㱧ŹɽɽϷԾȥĽԨ޴ͽһȺ˶ɽɽȥ
һĹǰΣԡ
ʵЩӹҲɹԼŮ͹йϵϾ˻ХԺĸ߲ǣû֪ԬδʵѾˡΪ˱ⱻʶԬδ˿쳣־ٳţԹܿ϶û֪Ԭδͱ־
־õһŲرͼͼϻߺĵַ˵ͼžģ־弸϶ִ˭Ҫõߺȴߺûа취
ΨзѪˣܻߺ
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Ⱥ뿪󣬲гǳͬѧ˵ؾõĶҪϽɸѧԺһЩ
ⱾѧԺĹأԴҶûз
û˵ֻǳĬſŹ˴ķһ˫΢΢
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ҲƼˣĸɸɾģʹպͽﶼڰҲûаɫ
ˣǲģʹȥ˲ɽҲһ֡
һڲˮŮĬ̾һ֪㲻ģյ£ûдӦαذΪʦ?ĸͿգһѡ
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ֻһÿƤˣꡪ

224 ڻ

һɽݶһѧԺôţ
ǰûе¹Ժʱ˽֪¹ԺԺһ䱦һŮǸѵһšǵľǵˮ
ʵʺʦȴӲǿصԣڶʮһΪʦ
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һ˵ô׵ĸıĻôܶ˫˵ˣҲԾȵİ취
ǲκ˶ڹؼʱתԣڶʮһ꣬УڲٵĴ壬ע⵽Ĵڣ׵ġ
ʶ棬ҲΪ̽Ŀڷ硣
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ڹв޵ͷҹе£Լ̧ܽŷ֣ԶԶԲҼޣʮֵ𾴺ơ
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պͽȻյûΪͽ˽ûָԸһЩƵҩСϡ
Ϊе˶һֱԴ֪չسһжˡ
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е˶Χ۹ȥˣ˵Ƶҩ˵ó׭˵ҲǸ󷨴ʦ
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ɼʹվһȺŮǺȺ
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Ԭδ񱻶𣿡üܵô˵
˵أɭش𣬡ǶѾؾˣ˵֪Ҳֻеġ
ɭʵҾ׼ˣ¹Ժ̫࣬Ҫ׵ĺͻХԺŷ֣ʵХԺ˸أûˣСԪҲˣԬδ񶼻ɢˣתĻᶼĨĸɸɾ
ýɭǣһСؾȻըˣұըֱ֮ʧˡ
Ҳ˵Сؾڵ󷨱ƽˡ
Щٵ˽ؾѧԺǼ϶ûѧԺȥ󷨡λ궼˺˵ֻΪ˾ѧԺˣӡ˺еĹ
СؾһһײУôƵ󷨣
ԣɭδСؾʧ
ȥ沼һ󡣡üͷŹɫѿתԽ˵㻹ЩȥɣԺѧڵأ
δСؾڳѧǣҪԵ㲦
šҲ֪ûʲôãõĵҩˣһֻܿԼˡ
ҲȥԺ顣ɭ˵󣬾ͺͽһ뿪ˡ
ʱɽΨպĽԨ޴
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һֱڻɣʵ͹йϵֻɣҲǻɶѡ
ҪĽԨ޴ȷԼĻɡ

225 

ĽԨ޴գһƬ峺
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Ժ֪𣿱кܶı
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ĽԨ޴Ǹ䲻ϲ˵ˣӺׯһģ̳ġƽռׯΪ˰죬ׯҲżشһ仰֪ΪʲôҲϲĽԨ޴Ϊ˵֪࣬ʵ׷ʲô顣
ĽԨ޴һѵ˵˺ܶ໰ϧ滰
Щ˻ᰡ
Ҫô˵ҪôھǼٻ
ҲҴĽԨ޴ֻɲҿ϶Сؾıը͹ǲйϵ
յҲؾʱؾЩ졣ΪŨŨƺһ˿˲Թޡ
ΪʲôԹҲ̫ڹˡ
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ձϾԺԺе鶼ɭȥԼҲһԺ
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˭һεڹ졣
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ʱ̤һƬƽĺϣµĺˮ峺ףСɵεĽŲ
ԶԶһɵ洫һϵ
лˡ
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ϵһֱ˵ллȴ֪ΪʲôҪллԼ
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峤ϵ̾ϢС֪𣿡
֪ͷϿ
壬ǡ
ˣʱͳгԽߵˣԽӽ͸ϾǸС壬˵δй򼸺ȫ͸˳ֹ
˵ᣬŮòڣجΪʳܰ޵جΣԵ޵߶˵ŮΪޡ
ɽģȢͱǿĳ˽ס
˱ץߣֱһ
޵׵ļŭĳǣʼ˷ĵ·
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ڹڵİгҲˡ
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ţˡһɵ˵仰ʱ򣬱ĸǵˣû壬ԡ㣬ܲܰǣ
Щ࣬¶޿κεı飬ңôҵأ
ҲǸڵ޵ߣܰﵽ尡
Լչ˲ãôչأ
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226 

ӣȷЩΪˡ
ڳЩ޵ʱʵС绹ѩ𣬶ڶεľѷˡ
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ǣΪѡ
侲ҲʹЩޣҲõߺٸһѡĻᣬɻѡ
ġϵ˵ʵҲ˵ðǡ
ұӡ̫ˣһֱûоһ峤顣ҲдҲֻ֪
׳ʱҲʮˣڡֻǧˡ
ҲЩӺһ˵Ʒ³
Խ˵ԽǱʹƺڻʲôʹһ
͹˵˵ô޵ִʵһֱãֻЩ޵Ƿɵڵ԰޵ѹסħļȻЧ΢޵ǶԣȴҲķˡ
޵޵꣬˭ûԹ޺ִأһЩᣬħԡħ׳ʱǾͻħӴ˺ΪС
˵ڵܰǣȻѺá
ŵܰ޵ɢجΣ˵˵ڵܰ޵ߡ
Ӵݺ͵ҩһĴڡ
ᱻ壬һΪ޵ߵ̰һΪߺ
ػĶûס庢ǣҲûлסϵƺڿҲһ峤
ģΪЩӺЩһˣ
Ҳڴʱˣǰʵǵս峤
óξʱҲξС
ػĶԸңüΪģ
Ȼ޵Ǵ飬Ҳ˶ĵģ
ҲΨһĵˣ
ǣǳǵˡϵ˵ҺѾ뿪ǣ㣡
㣬ػĶǻᱻǵˣҲڶ󳹵׵ʧݴ½
˵ػĶҪʲô
аװ׵ڱ
㣬֮꣬ƴÿһĺӡϵ˵ǿԵĻٰҸĺӴһ仰޺ʺסˣվҪʳجεģԡɽŸʺ
ǲɽⱲӶ̤ԪӤˡ
üЩ
ЩҲ̫ˡ
Ѿܶˣϵش𣬡ػĶһߺ
ʺ㡣
û뵽Ȼ峤һߺ֡
̧ԼϳֵĺۼɻҲŨһЩ
峤ػߺ֪꣬ߺ׷ӡʲô룬ǹﻹģ
ϵش𣬡֪
û˸߹ǣߺ׷ӡʲô˵һħִ
ߺӡô꣬ħִҲó׵ʧ˰ɣ
ִҲʱŵġ
ЦִĻţôͲִˡ
λ峤ȥˣӡôãȹû뿪ﻹػĶŻˮŵˡ
һֱ˵ԼǸ峤ǹȴǾˡ
һӡ˶Ļǣڳȵʱûѡ뿪ô֮ʱƶɢûκοֻصĻˡ
λ峤ͣȻҲ֪㡣
Ǽʹǻɢùչ˺ǡ
ػĶ˸еġĬ˺ܾãվû˵̫ԣʵ֪λ峤뷨ȴ˵ֻߺĶҲᶯ
ǻȥڵģˣһ㾡ȫȥǣǰȵ
Ȭұȥ޺峤˵Ļ
İɡ
ϵ˵һ̲ס
Ҳ֪ǷԼҪɢˣû˷ʱ䣬ֱӸġ
ʵôȥˣֺγԹ޵أ
ڹǵʱڰŹڵһ㱻ľطȥǡʵߺͿ뿪ɲشǵġ
ֹǣҪ塣
ʱ֪ʲôмˡ
Ҵǰʵ˭ţʹ㳬ǣҲǲ޵ߵġϵԽԽӽǹҲڹǰǽգ㣡

227 

δü룬ͳ׵İ档
Ƽһòˣ˹ǰԼ˴Ϊ
˵ȴǿɬЦЦ
Ѿɢˣﻹʲô
ûˡ
ûܸʦģΨһЩϡһЩʩŹصĿͷϣʦͬ٣
һ̺ˮǻһùʼ˺ЩˮȴΧţһŨķϵùڵߺʼɶɷϵߺڹչǱӡ
ߺǿٻģֻҪϵߺǿԷӡеĶģ翵جκħԡϵ˵ҽػĶߺϣȵʦԪӤʱ򣬱ܴ򿪿ŵͼˡ
ӴˣҪʦշˣ
һɾ޴ķϵڣ͸֧ҲѸٵıˡ
ʵλ峤Ȳѵѡ
û˵ƣΪ峤һϣ
ϣܱȾá
һ嵱걻ֱںףǵάؾȻ֪˭˵Ĳ̣ǿ뵱ʱһѾܾˡǵγԹأǱѹô꣬ЩԹҲ𽥵ʧˡڹȵʱûйķ뿪
ʱΨһ뷨Ϊ
Щ˶Թ˵ллļԼһֱڻش˵л
ΪشһΣǱܳ׵ĽѣûִҲó뿪
λ峤ûѡ񱻳ȣʹִҲû̫ʱ䡣ݵʱڣֻѡǴĹ
ػĶʵ峤ûи߹Ķʲô
ֻǸ߹ߺ
Ϊλ峤֪ѾߺˣҪ׵ĿЩߺͱ
ԣһӦ
ֻλ峤վ̫ͣ԰ѽ⿪ͼԪӤڡҲ˵ǣⱲӶûеԪӤڣԶ֪ػĶģ
Ҳ֪Լ˹ԲŰԼд˹
룬峤ȷҪһЩġ
Ǹó޷峤ţ˱ӡ˶峤
ˣΪã
ǲ˵ƣΪЩԣʲô
û˵ơȻҲû˵ơ
ЩϣĬ
ʱĲɽ⣬صƲ㣬һͻķ紵ĿʼҶһƬƳ׵סеǳΧһƬڰ
ĽԨ޴ɷ紵Ĺ죬Ͻӿռָóҹ飬
˭
ĽԨ޴Ҳڴʱʶɽ˵ƺ߲ơ
㲻˵ȻᶯֵʱҪˡĽԨ޴̧һѩ׵ıͳУҲڣΪҪŹӦñչˡΪѾĵˣʱķӵʵѾ൱ڽڵĹˡ
ǱڱĹʵϵвԶ׼
ڰˣ˵ˣң
˽ߵĽԨ޴ǰժ˶ϵĶñ¶һ
ĽԨ޴ɫѿʲô
ģĳڣΪԴʱԵ˫ƺԶһɵϢž;ʮ
СʦáЦºͣȴʼתƻ⣬ң
ĽԨ޴ĵȷʣʹͷɫĳʹ޵߲һȴɲӰòһ˫տɫۣǸ˼ء
ʹ޵磬޵òԶʵҪòȴЩŲۡ
¹Ժ꣬Ҳ˲ٿ˫ޣȴĽԨ޴һƺһֲڳ˵Ϣ
ɽƺҹе£ֶ
ȻңĽԨ޴ûзеıҲûлشĻü˼ֿ̾һʵҺĽʦһ仰
ǿһ𣬱ӰԵȡ֡
Ľʦֺαһֱأ
Ǻܲˣ
ĽʦҲΪԼǿǣðĿһֱڹϣ

228 

ʵ˵ĹԬδлԼġ
Ԭδ͹׺󣬹źĽԨ޴һġ
ĽԨ޴͹׵ʱΪ߳һأ׼ȷ˵ǹռıˡ
һֱΪľ磬ʵĽԨ޴Ĺ͡
Ͼ˫ޣվΪߵλ̲Ϊ͵ˡ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôĽԨ޴΢΢Ŀ˫޳Ҳ˼ΣյϢȰ뿪ôҿԸ㣬ܡ
˵ԺŮǲ˵ʲôֵĻ
ʲôǣ
ĽԨ޴Ļһ䣬ɫͳ׵ıˡ
ׯ˵ĽԨ޴һϲ˵ĽԨ޴Щ䣬ȴһ˵ˣҴҲʮֵò
òĽԨ޴֪ǣô˵Ļ
㡭ҧгݣǺ㣬ǲʶ̧٣
ѵζŮ޶ãԲ˵
ŰŹĽԨ޴ĹϵĽԨ޴ȴ΢΢һ֣ıĲ
һ̣һѪҺζ˳
˭ǰ˵İ䲻ǡĽԨ޴˵ҲУ
ôҾǶҲҪɱ㣡
ĽԨ޴˵棬ɫĳۣҲΧķƺڰУݷҹޡһЩ˵ļ棬ڴʱҲʶĽԨ޴Բ˵˵򵥡
ٶ˵һ֣ĻҪġ
ӣ
ˣȻǷӡ
ʵڲףǵãʹûȴɱ˻šļĹȴֲٺˡ
ɱңҲˡۺһŰǹԹ޺ͻѹȥҵĸ¹ԺԺΪұģ
Ҫɱ㣬ҲȻ֪ôģ
ĽԨ޴ЦҪţı¡
һڵĽں󣬾һЩ޵򲻵Ķ
ǳ˵仰ǾԲŵģĽԨ޴Ǿɲˡ
˲ֹǹǺһֲĴڡ
ߣʱˣʹΪĽԨ޴̫߳࣬ɲ֪ΪʲôɺĽԨ޴߾ˣ
ĽԨ޴̧֣ջطĳĿɲơ
ŲѪĽԨ޴ҪɱĻ
һø׿ġ˼׼¹ԺɣĹ
˵Ѹٵ뿪ĽԨ޴ڡ
¹ԺɽɽٻѧΪǽֹѧ̤ĵط
𣿡߳ɽһ·̺󣬲ſ˴Ӱ˳յ󷨣Ƴ𣿡
ˣЦ˵յôܺѧԺᲢۣ
һƣǱߵѲȥˡɡ
ʦͷİɣ
ĵ˵ͷǶ÷ˡ
ΪаĿĹϵʹڵʦȴѧԺҵϲƸȵļʦľ磬ȴɸƶ㡣
ƴСؾڳҲҪ̤ļʦľˡѾΣλˡ
ǹţͻѧԺʱܣͳײᱻѧԺ㡣
磬кܶ಻İɣûйϵѧԺҵ϶Ƕ㲻ƣҾƸûаĿҲĶ֡
ڰЦЦʦģ
Ȼ˵ǲ֪ɣ
Ŀ֪Ŀֶǲġƽ˰Ŀ㣬ôٳٲ̤ļʦĺأ
ƣҪĽԨ޴һźһŮˡ
һҵҪƸô죡
ǡͷɡ
ɽϺɽһɹһֵķ磬˭Ҳûвɷ׵ı޵Ҫ
ڲɽĽԨ޴ߺȴ˿ûзɾ裬ոǲ߲ݡ
ڣ˽һΣ˶ṳ̂
ÿһ˶æҲ´ŵ˹
ɽӦ̲ǡ
պĽԨ޴˶ڴһ춯
ĽԨ޴иŮ𣬡𣿡
ĽԨ޴ûлش𷽲ŵԼԺˣȻôأ
һŮһε𣬡˭棿ô˵
һΣϴθĽԨ޴ҲһеĳŶڼ˽ȥ

229 

ʵǰҹѾˡ
ڶ˺üɲԼҪᴩϵľεЩתԼģʶûмʱĸˣѾϢ
峤һּͣʹӡ˲֪꣬ڵСؾ͸֧˶꣬ȴɲ㹻תù׵絽жôǿͿ¡
ǿ̫࣬߱ϡ
һ·ߵȻ˳˳ˮƺҲûʲô̫谭ֱؾ﷢󣬹ʶԼ̫Сˣ͵ӡؾ˱纣ˮһСˮ
ָʶ󣬱㿪ʼתڵԼܸѸٵƿɷϵ
ˣĽԨ޴󣬱㿴ʯĴϣüȴɻ󣬡ǲﲻ
ûУĽԨ޴˵ûˡ
ȷûˣֻҪúõıչһӣܰʧȥһøʱֻΪԼûгЩ޵飬ôҲͲ֪ĴڡѹҵΪ峤ڵߺʱԼԼĿĵͼλɭּελӣûϸĵͼôҲ̤Ǹطġ
û𣿡ĽԨ޴ɫɲ̫ÿ
ǰĹɫɲҰףûаѪɫƽ۽СĴǸһ㵭˪ѩ׵ĴαͱͨŮ޽Сʱһɫĳڴϣ˾ϺСִ
˯˼죬ʱһͷںڵĳҲûǰ𣬷˿ͷĶڸסС
ĽԨ޴֪ΪʲôԼڶǰڲݴ﷢ֵһֻСè
˵ֻè޺ơﻹ˿˿
Ȼ֪ԼĽԨ޴ʲôӣֱĽԨ޴
ɽ󡣡ĽԨ޴ľȷ㿪ʼ͹˵ˣؾڳ顣
棬ʱʱ΢΢üΪվʱǴ˼Ц⡣
⼸ƹĽˣƹеԪʯ˵øšĽҲ˲ٵԪʯĽԨ޴͹˵ϸ˲ٵĵҩǼƷĵҩ
ĽԨ޴нӹҩϸĴ
ЩҩȷƷҩҲöļġ
ǵʦԶ֪ЩҩƵʱѾܳˣԲų¯ġ
ļʦȴһֱṳ̂弶ļļƷҩڽԣʵǳıΪӣֱóЩҩ˵ûа㴥ȫܵġ
ǸǾ¡̧ͷһΧĻ˵ԺΧ󷨣
ĽԨ޴ͷǣ
ѾˡЦѧԺˣ
ĽԨ޴𾪣˭
Щˣ㵵˵𣿡
󷨣ӦôĽԨ޴˵ⲢĴóλڲɽڣǶ֪󷨱ƻˡ
ҲãÿԸĶ󷨡
ţӿռָóһĽԨ޴Щҩͷ׭̣֪ôõԪʯȥҵԺ˵һδ׵ҪչһֱӰ²ɽ£
£ĽԨ޴뵽Ԫʯ֣;ÿֲǲǡ
²ɽһۿ۵ģзԺԺľټĻۡ룬Ҽǵ۴һǧҡ
ҲҪǧĵҩͷ׭㹻ˡ
ĽԨ޴ǲɹ˵ĻֻǾЩ¡
˭뵽͹еʱɭɱ˲ٵޣ߰˰˴ȥҲֻܻһöеԪʯ񣬹ȻҪǧԪʯаµĲɽǹеǸҪ׵ͷһ
ȥɡ˵ȳа󣬲ɽͻɽˣʱҲ̤롣
һ޲󷨣ٸ㻤ڡ
˳ȥһط
طһȥвٵΣգȥӦþû̫Σˡ
ĽԨ޴ҲƴǣתͳŶȥ
ĽԨ޴ߺ󣬹΢΢ĿΧ
ĽԨ޴ûǧеԪʯаһֵۣ̫ˡ
ɹȴ̫ˣ
ΪյٵҲɽΧ

230 

˵𣿹ˣԲɽֱӷɽˣ˵ڲ̤룡
ʲôɽôȥɽ󣬶ûˣ˵ԺͽԺͽܣδҲ̫˰ɣСؾˣɽʧĺܿģһȥأ
ƣٰ˵λˣôԪʯȥ𣿲ɽȻɽˣǾ˵óǧļ۸ģ
ǧ򣿵ȵȣ˵ǧеԪʯ
ȻΪǵ͵Ҳ룬ǿ˰ļ۸Ժôͬɽأ
ǧǷ˰ɣԵĲ˵еļ϶ˣڵռҲˡ
ļʦȻֻ׭ǰ;עȻġ
˵ôʲôأҲǿˣҲģ

¹ѧԺڲƴǰһҶ۹ڹͻХԺ顣
ʵܺӣؾڷʲô顣
ֵǣؾڳѧǴ඼ԼһڱտھǺԼھٶȲܸһЩÿ˲ٵĶ֪ˣԭؾƵҩѹûȥԼһֱڱڡ
ƺҲˣΪʲô͸֧ô
Ϊˣ
Ƕ˵պͽﶼǲŵģڸʱҲ֣ʵѾˡֻϢû͸¶ȥ
Ѿܴˣδʮ꣬ѾļĵʦҾͨ󷨺ͷ׭ĹʷҲڶ֮ǰע⣬ΪΪĹĽ𵤳ϡ
һ޵ֻҪ˳Ķɹڵ٣ôǰ;ˡ
ȥû˵ؾڷʲôֻ˵ԼһֱƵҩüģ˵ܽڣǱġ
ҽ񣬻С
˵óһСƿݸĵҺ
϶֮ǰͳȥĵҩĶܻٵļҩƲƲ죬˵ҺĻʮ꣬ض̤弶ʦľ硣
˵Һʱ򣬱úЩˡ
Һ̫ˣ
˵ԪӤɽٵʱԪӤǡһƬôܴƬҵεҺҲһֲʵʵ˵ѡ۴ôɼҺ
ӵеҺˣʹɽٵʱ򶼶˼ʤ㡣
Ҳаɣ侲󣬿˵ֺγռͽܵıˣ
⻰˵ģңܰ²ɽ𣿡շ
ߣӹҺһߣ˽˵շ˲ɽ£ҺߵĶһȺ˭óôԪʯأ
浹ģռּ壬ǸŮӣܰڲɽҲʮ졣
ңֵĶ̫ռǱ߱ضֵġֲǲ֪ռҵǼ϶ʡ͵ĵơ
ԣЩԪʯǹԼġ
ֻܴճôԪʯ
ҲǵʦȻ֪ĵʦƳĵҩǶô󣬶ܻȡٵԪʯϾǧеԪʯʹýգҲ޿κεġ
Ժ¹ԺĵλһֱǶˣÿԺʽҲǧлвٶҪݵġԺ͸ˡ
˵ԺÿһǧеԪʯֲЩԺѧʮֵľȡ
ЩԪʯȷԼġҲ֪ǣҿɰʡ˲أ
֮ǰǴǧ²ɽµģΪԳ۸Ҳǧ
ڼ䣬գû
ʵζʮֵĲȻǡȥ󷨺ոǾԸŮЩġ
ǹ˵һöСҲԣøãҲҪһʱա
ܰ£ҲܰһЩ
Լʹպܲ⣬ȴ񽻸
ڿʱ¶οЦݣһȴ̫СƺҲеĸ٣ԶԹǳĲ
ЩҪ͸ңҲ٣
ôУŮһۣЦź˵İɣɽǱѾ׵ķɽˣǲҲṳ̂롣
ЦҲ𣿡
񣬰Żش𣬡ȻҲңҲ̤룡

231 

Ȼǧļ۸²ɽ£׬ˡ
ã²ɽµˣ޴
ɽλɽɽԣҲǽСؾڵ¡
Сؾ֪ôˣķӡҲˣô֮ɽҲѸٵʧ
ҹԼĲʱ˵Сؾˣɽ᳹׵ʧʮɽ㲻ʹΧҲʹǰһˡ
׬ǧѾܲˣ
ɺܲ⣬ǵ£֡ûô죿
ҲߣҲٳǰ
˶۹ƵʱſڱտڶԼͽܶƺе˵ĿⶼҲû˼ǵܳѾأѾڳͻԪӤˡ
֪ﰵ̾һǸжỤŹһЩ
¹ԺġŮӡҪ̫࣬Ȼ¹ԺԺɹҲǸƫĵˡôһŮѾˣϺѪԵϵģΨˡ
ԣϣڵסŮķ⡣ϣԼȥʱΨŮ
İɣ취ġ˵仰ʱ񽻸Ȱĵķ֮չء
ѧԺ飬
ʱɽѾɽΧҲ𽥵ĳŲɽ
ɽ¹ԺŨĵطռҲܴ󣬹ĽԨ޴ֿռһɽͷʼչ
ĽԨ޴ûйڴŴؾڴıѸٵ޲ڵıΪԼʦʱٶȱȳ˸졣
ĽԨ޴˵ĽԨ޴𵤺Ҫȥһ޺Ҳȥ޺;УǿԶΪĽԨ޴常ĸˡ
ĽԨ޴ԣҪΪ常ĸ𣬶ִһº󣬲ɽ˴ѩʱ򣬹һҲ⡣
һѩͻȻʹɽвٽ󷨣ѧܸܵɱѩĺ䡣
ĽԨ޴Ҫˣׯׯȴҡͷ
ǣıȽˡ
ׯû˵ȥǾĽԨ޴ٶȻ˵Ŀ졣
ʵ֮ǰĽԨ޴˵һؾջ˲ٵı˵ĽԨ޴ҪϽĸѧԺķԺġׯҲӼ˽±ĽԨ޴˵ؾõı˵Ѿˡ֮ǻҪҪҲҪ
һ
ҪȻѣǱҪɹȴ̫ˡЩׯΪѹסڵħûƵҩһ˼ϣûкӡ
ǵ˵ⱲӲһ˾͹ˣһû˼ٹˡ
ׯûٲĽԨ޴飬Ҳ𽥵˵ӵ뷨
ĽԨ޴˵ʦ˵ʦ˵Ҫˡ
صĻбڹھᣬʱȥ
ڵ꣬ǰ;ġ
˵ߣԪӤ繷ĽԨ޴ܽڣںı޵ҲǰμġңׯĳĽԨ޴ں˵ѹδӣǰеĸ鶼иڹϡ
ʦĳأôȻǻڵģʱĽԨ޴ô᲻ȥأ
̫Σˡ
ׯڱɭ֡޺ҪΣա
ûĽԨ޴ıԼ˽óһЩĽԨ޴ıټʦĶıӦܽڡ
ʦܰĲ࣬ʦȴҲϣߵĸԶ
ĽԨ޴ʱû˵ʲôҹ֮ĽԨ޴һˣׯһƿװǵҺ
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ȻЦ˲ٵƸգźĽԨ޴ȥ˹⡣
ΪĽԨ޴Ѿ˽ڣαеļ˳
ѹûж֣ĽԨ޴ԳɱҦ
Ϊַֿ죬֮ǧŵ֪ҦȥϢҪʱȴҲ˭ɱġ
ֵˣضǽϵ޵ߡ˸ǧţôֽڵĳϣ
ңô֪ǧŵͺţڵĳ⣬˭뵽ôа
ڹطϡû̫ԴҪǿɭ֣һ޵߶취뿪ֺοǽڵĳϣǧѹ벻˭
Ҧһ鷳ˡ˵׷Ѱһ꣬׵Ķˡ
ǧҲͷۣһѶԸҵʲô
ǧżʹҦҲĶǰЩӲؾڣûӱأпȥǽڵĳϣҲֻ֮ܲ
ĽԨ޴ڱ󣬱Źȥסĵط
һɭֵСľݣΪû˾סСľѾ̮һ롣
ΧĵͼݣҾͱͼҪǿɵĸɸɾҲŵĸɸɾ治֪ʲôʱݣһƬߡ
ĽԨ޴ͷӲݶˣʩľݻָɴǰӡӣһֱоĶ󷨴඼ǸŹѧġ
ֹҲ츳
ֻҪһס
Դʱ󷨺ͽʱҲǵӦ֡
ûֹĽԨ޴Ķ˼Ļ
İһ壬óӡ󷨣ΪϡڵȴǴ󲹣԰һЩҲ𽥵ûϢ
Ҧһֱ׷һϢôĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴常ĸǲǺͰһʲôϵأ
ҹǵãĽԨ޴ƺһ޵ʡ
źĽԨ޴̤ɭ֣ޡ
ǶԸЩʵѲ˶ĽԨ޴޵ʣƺһֱûиı
ԽͼޣƺԽǴĽԨ޴ϵѪ⡣
ѾˡĽԨ޴һֱĬǰ˵Ӧòٻˡ
طѹʺ޵߾סֽ𵤳ϣֱˡ
ЩִҲڴʱʧĸɸɾ
常ĸʱΪǱ˳
ǵÿգǿԻġȻ֪ĽԨ޴ʲôĽԨ޴¡
ĽԨ޴˵ͷʣ
ûĸ˭ҧͻֻ˵常ĸû͸¶飿
ܾãĽԨ޴ǺͰһй

238 ܳ

ĽԨ޴ǲЩ⣬úõ˼һ
ûУĽԨ޴Ϳ˼䣬Ҳû뵽ʲôܹ常ĸҵʱһϣڸǵһЩݣû
ʵЩ꣬Ҳҵĸ˭ΪʲôҪң
ҲͲˣ
ĽԨ޴ǰĸʱ򣬴ǴԹ޵ġǴϣڵ֪Ǳֳ׵Ľ飬ڻܶꡣ
ڣ˹Ҳʦʦʦǣ𽥵ĳΪůЩԹҲ𽥵ʧˡ
ĸȴ˸õһȺˡ
ԣҲûп
ĽԨ޴û̫ҲûἰԼĻɣԼΪݣ޺
ΪʯǴǰĳɵĺ䶯ʯȻ˳ȴҲǰԻ͡
ĽԨ޴ѡˮ·鴬ĴźĿĽԨ޴͹ǸλˣϵȷѾûˣֻдļ͵ȷλɡҪ
鴬ͨĴ˺ܶ࣬ҲΪַ䡣
ķһִڵģѹʲô羰ûС
ⲻƶ޵ߣȥһԵ˶ѡµȵķ䡣
ĽԨ޴Ȼίü˵ǳ˫ļ۸Ҳûз𣿡
˫ļ۸񣿾ǳʮļ۸Ҳûзģվ鴬ϵļĽԨ޴ĻЦ˵ΪԪʯ˲𰡣Ҳϵȷ˭ٰ
ЩˣûʯǰɣҲȥǡ
һȺӣǲ֪˭ɣҲ֪ʯǵĳɣ
ڴңԶļҵһõ
ʯĳ壬ĽԶټȥġ
Ҳ˲ٶҪ£¹ϵϧֻԪ飬ûзϡ
һļʦҪ£ϵ̫ˣǵù
ĽԨ޴γվϢģԹҲЩ˷ִ
ߵġʹɫ˵͵ȷҲҪ
£鴬ϵЦˡ
ʹĽԨ޴˸ı䣬ǵȴûа취ڡ˵ĽԨ޴Ǹ磬ǵܵܣʱԶܵӴᡣΪ¶ΪΧֻȡЦһռһЩˡ
˵Сֵܡһӷ׵˿Źżɫ⣬ȻûϵȵķﻹеȷҪҪ°
еȵķ䣬Ҫٵ͵ԪʯأһܿΧķ羰
ҹƣұ䣬ô
ķ֣˵ʱϵƺĻ
Ϊһǧ𰡡˸壬Щ㲻
»θڣϲЩ޵ߡٵ͵Ԫʯǲ̫ˣ
Ҳ̫ˣʮͲˣ

ĽԨ޴֣ЦЦԪʯݸ˴󣬱㳶ĽԨ޴һ˴ڡ
鴬ĵ͵ȴʵҲСĽԨ޴͹ûʲô⡣
ĽԨ޴㲻𣿡
ʲô˵ЩֲܶҡʲôǺҲǼƽʲôأ
Ƕ֣ǻᱩ¶ǵ١
ֽڵ޵ߣǻᾪ塣ȻǶԸǧŲ鷳ûע⵽ǣҲʲô顣
ҴӦʦٹֳ̫Ķ
ڹԣﻹ治ܸʲô˺ԷЩ˵Ļ۶ֱɣҲ
࿴һۣ˷ʱ䡣
Ϊ˲鷳ֱӰһӣΪΪ߳Щ̫ˣѹûܲŮݡλ£ùǸСкӣֺơ
ĽԨ޴ٿڣҲֻˡ
Ҳ¸鷳
ˮ·УٶȲ½·죬ǹеĸۿȴ޺ܽ
˸󣬱㿪ʼϢؾڴҹ
ĽԨ޴ҲʼϢʼȹԼľ硣
һʱСûа
鴬ʱΧˣԹĽԨ޴Ҳѹ֪Щۻ
ˡ
ۣӴվӦǳˣ
ҵ𣿡ĽԨ޴̧֣һѱͳЩ˻Ĳ
ǣӦǵˡ
һ䣬߹ţҳȥװϣ
ٲţͲҪǳֶǵˣ

239 ʶȤ

ʯǵĶңҲ˲ٵͽû١
˹ʯǺЩͽ㿪ʼĴ룬˶ˮ·ϡ
ƽҲٻ֣Ϊ鴬˷ǸΪҲ͡
鴬
ֻǽ鴬ղһٲƴֵİϵȷеȷסĶ̴ӣΪҲô
߰ɣȥѹĽԨ޴˱Ҳˮ·ϣʲô
ˮ·ӽ޺뿴Щ˵ʵҲȷִ顣
ĽԨ޴ţһȺźɫ˴Ӵߵװϡ
鴬ʱʻڽӽ޺һϣΧֻһƬ߼ʵĺˮˮ峺ɼףȴκ㡣
װѾվ˲ٵˣĽԨ޴һƣҲȺ档
ֺ£ʱͷȺκʵ̫ˣʹһţҲһ޴˲עⶼѡ
ˣϲѪһɫˣɳƵ˵ԣǸϽݡҩﶼ
˭ңǵĴͿռָôҲ볢Ѫζ
ʱϽ˵ҸϽóɣλզǲˡ
ѾˣǲǵĴ
ôҲû뵽顣αΪԼ˴ˣ鴬еϵȷ䣬ȴ;
λǵʯͽһλĹЩ죬ڵ˶ץ
·ϵĵˣ򶼴ˣԲᶯ
ɽղͬˣˣϻһ١
Ȼ˵ſ񣡡վȺһһɫ꣬Ϲ˷˾ôۡ˵֪˭𣿾͸٣㲻Ҫˣ
Ŷ˭ЩĿ꣬Цһ弶ˣ˵
㻹е㱳
һߣҲҵ˭ҵʯǵĳڣ۰Ķӡ
ҵʶڵĳϣҶҳ֣ҵһýڵĳɱ㣡
ڽڳϵǰҲǸ϶ѡ
ȴǹЦԼûӵǿʶڵĳϣһʶԪӤڵĳأ
˵Σ˵ˣҵڣǶʶڵĳˣ
ʶȤ͹Թ԰ѶЩķͲҵͦϲġ˵ЩֵԪʯϣһŸҿͷҾ㷽ŵĲ֮
ڹ⣬ټֺοǽڵĳأ
ȻٵĻǷ˲Ż˵ĺ
Ϊƭ𣿡ЩˣߵĻʵʵô˵Ķģ֪¹Ժ𣿡
¹Ժ΢΢ü
ʹ޺ΧģҲ˵¹Ժ顣
Ͼǰӣ¹ԺСؾͻȻʧһֵ֮һ˽ڣֳ˲СĶ
֪ҵʶ˭ҵʶ¹ԺԺϵĹŵӣټ˵ǼӴøϽҵǸȻһҪλɱ㡣
ü˵˭
Ȼǹ˴ʦ˵ǲ֪ɣ˴ʦڹⳤģܹҵĶԺʯǳºΪ˱ҵ˹ʯǵĳ
ҶҪ˴ʦ棬Ҳ֪׶˰ɣ
ֹǽڵĳϣļʦó׭󷨡δǰЩӽڵĽϣֹǱϵǰǽޡ
Χ˿ٵ񣬶˼𾴡
Щˣǳ˼ĳϣڹκһǳռһϯ֮ءڴĽ𵤳ϡļʦⱲӶġ
ңշ͹϶ϵ
һļĵʦһЩҩۡ
˭ֲʶأ
˵ʵں޵ģƺ˼ٵĻʶ˴ʦ
ٻδشһĹЩסˡ
ôҲû뵽ԼȺ˵ʵȴ˴ƣҡ
ĽԨ޴޹գգۣʾĲʶ
ڹʯȷΪĽԶľټ
飬ѹûаϵ
ƭʲôһߣ㻹ʶȤһЩ

240 Բ

һʱװϵЩ졣
ڣĹ죬Բηڵ޵ߣⲻ½𵤳ϡ
𵤳Ҫɱڵ޵ߣ͸һֻһ򵥡
ԴʱҲԥˣʼҪҪٵĻ
Ҳ˶ڽֵʱһߴӴ˳ﻹץŸ߰ĺӡ
磬ǷˣЩץеĺӣʲô
尡ĺӣ
ϢǺ˾һһ˫۵ɵĴģ˵ĺӣ
ǣ߰ѺԶĺһһ˹
ڹڣһĺϵԪʯ߸˵ڲôҲû뵽֮Ȼץˣ
⺢ʵ̫СˣҲ߰ңǵ͡ʱΪ߷ʩ˷Ļþ⺢ѾξɣѪԵһϢ
̫ˣһͷڸסòֻżһŨصѪζ
᲻ˣ˵ˣɾͲֵԪʯˡ
Ҳֵġ˵ڵȻСһЩҲܻԪʯģ
һһ䣬ϵԪʯ
£ֹߵ˺ۣС˵ĿǵһҲ¶ϲ
ɵۣϾ˭ҪϾȻһĺӡ
Щһֱס޺˼ǡвٵ˵ʵĸɸɾˣѾˣϣʵûˡ
ǹڵĺУһֱųϢ˵Ը߼ˡ
ٷ˶꣬ȻҲϢ
ϽңЩǰҪĺӣҷǣ
ߵߣ̧һֻеֱ֣ץסٵĲ
ǸղûСһҵôһôܻøأЦʹʶ˴ʦô˴ʦѵΪô΢ˣҵ鷳𣿡
ָ߸ϵˣ۸һڵ޵ߣⲻԽ𣿡
ңұٷ˵ģעȡҵδСϵԪʯҲܴﵽڡ
ԣҲ£
˶һȺͽֺγ֪ڷǰһĸôΪٵļ仰Ͱĺӽأ
ң˴ʦҲڴʱϹ
ʱĺӣϵԪʯ뿪Ĺô˴ʦҲûлҵǡ
ֵԪʯĸ
˭ֻԪʯأ
һżװϵ˼𣬡ϽѶóȻʬ޴档
ѹߵ˵ǰѶ󣬾ȫɱˡ
֪ǵõ庢ӵϢѹϢй¶ǽӴеˣҪ˵ˣ
Ĺͽ̫ˣҲֻڹߡҪȥк͹ڣҲôһЩη塣
ΪĻ߿ʼԸǿʼѹЩϵĶ
ٻ˵ֱӱв˹ȥ
һٶˣҲڷˡ
Щƺϰ٣ǵٶȺͶܿ죬ߵߵʱ򣬶ĽԨ޴˵ѿռָó
ĽԨ޴öռָһöǵ͸ģռ䲻Ҳܹӡ
һöǰָһװռװĶࡣ
ֻöռָ̫ͨ֬İָûϳ
ҪģǹĽԨ޴ö
ٵ͵ԪʯĽԨ޴֪ֳ̫Ķóö͵Ԫʯߣռָûʲôϣǰ顣
ûʲôЦ㶼óö͵ԪʯˣĿռָôûʲôأ㵱С˵ڲƭң
ϽóȻɲҪҲˡ
Ⱥ˶ҪȫɱģɱӺЩҪʵһЩ
һץĺЩ֣ӵǿһԪʯһܲĽԨ޴˵ʱ̧һԶĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴޳ĽԨ޴ߵ꣬ȴԵϸ
һò䲻ֵܣϧòȵԪʯ
ͷҪԪʯҪˣЦ˵һ䣬ǲԸժֱָӿָٰ
µˣҲǰۡ

241 ز¶

鴬ΧһƬһ޼ʵĺˮ
εĺˮ峺ȴֻ㡣
̧ͷֹƲɽͣǿɫ½أһƬε
ӽ޺ʱûǰ޵߶ʹԦһ·̣ȴҲ˸ۿڡ
ƬޣʱҪǵ
˵ĽԨ޴ǸΪ̫ˣ޺һֻޣܶĽԨ޴
ԣ˵ĽԨ޴ҲҪҪĽԨ޴ֻЩ̣Ϊ޵ߺ󣬻ס޵ߵĻǣ޲ô޵߱㲻ֻء
ãǰ֪ʱҲһСذףСֵɱ㿪ҵģ
ĽԨ޴δ̧֣ĽԨ޴ǰüͷ˵Ҳµģ
Ǻ¡߻δ˵꣬ӱƯڿˣһɵķϵһ߱ƣֱӾͶ˺
ֻһ鴬ʼζ
ĽԨ޴ƯڿУĽԨ޴ֺҲһѱ
¶Ŀ˫εɫۺΧĺˮƺڳһƬ
ϵķһ㵵ĿŹˣ
Ĵ㵵ĿϲɳƵ˼ֲүҽʲôˣȻˣ
óþͱ֯ξجΪʳǵòǿһ˵ȴձ鲻ߡóϵĳϣǲηġ
Ϊ˵ޡ
Ϊ̫лѪ庢̧ͷŹҲãŵϣ
δ䣬ĽԨ޴еıѾƯͷ˲ѷĽ鴬ϵķͽȥֻգۼ䣬ЩͽǱʲôƾʼĴɢȥ
ĽԨ޴Щ˵ĵǵľЩ˱ͨˡ
ַϬΪսߵĽ޵ĹϵЩΪ͵ķͽͱˡ
ʱ֪ˡ
㵽˭Щȴɹ򶨣ޣǱˣ
ǻˣ
ĽԨ޴ûлشĻǴʱĽԨ޴ԽǳĬȴԽǺ¡
ҧе庢Ӷһ࣬ǡ
˵Ҫ뿪
Ͼֻһڣʹó룬ȴڽ𵤳ǰһó׭׼룬ͱһƻΣȻĽԨ޴֮ǰһĵ;
˭Ҳû뵽ֻô̶̵ʱ䣬ľƾͳ׵ķ˸ı䡣
ʱ²һڹȥ
˶ΪԡֵܡתۼǵΪȴ˭Ҳ͸ĵزһƻǰڵ޵ߣɼҲڡ
Щϡˣ޵Ǵ˼󣬾ͻ뿪⣬ȥѰԼĻԵӣϵ޵ߣҪȥˡΪβҲڹͷ
̫Σˣ
ûȥУҲΪǵˣ
ȥУ϶Ҫµġ
ڹͨе·ϣΪΪԳƣ
˭뵽ȴ顣
ûȥһɪɪ£ߵ庢ϣóһŵҩˡ
⺢ӵǵʱѹо⺢̫Сˣ棬ܿ¶ţݵֻйͷˣ˼￿ʳòݸƤĺǡ
̾һס
ûˣţ˯ɡ֪⺢ûιȥ޷ǿһҲ˺ġ
ΪɵķϵúӾϤ
˵仰ĺڼֲס˹ȥ
סӣȻһһ亹Ĵ򣬡⴬ܿ𣿡
سϻܵġ򼸺Źȫη壬⴬ûб𻵡
˵ͷԸ¶ʵҲûٻشڣȥϵȷڰúСĺӡ
ò˵ϵȷµȷ࣬ȷ̫ˡ
ϵȷλ鴬棬Χ˼һ󷨣ʮֵĳԣ
̧۱ܰΧķ羰۵ס
ʱĹûʱȥЩ羰˼Ϊʲô·ĺӡ
ҪҪĨǵļ䣿ĽԨ޴һ䣬ǲĨǵļ䣬ǻй¶Ϣ
ҡͷûбҪȥĨǵļ䡣

242 

⴬Ҫеģвٵ˶ڹͣһӡ
ʹĽԨ޴Ĩǵļ䣬Ǳ˷ֲԾʱܷܡ
ңǼʹֱ¶ΪȴҲû¶ݣ޹ؽҪ
ǶĨЩ˵ļ䣬֮󻹻ᱻ׷鵽ǵݡ
塭
˽˵ѾˣǴӹڴϢźʹ֪ûģҲųĸ߼ˡ
ĽԨ޴Щ˵ϰˣǾ뿪
ãĽԨ޴ӹĻûзκ˼
ǹɴĽԨ޴żһɵѪζʹĽԨ޴Ҫóʳ̫޵߶Իųˡ
룬֪ĽԨ޴ɱһЩɱˡ
Ϊϵȷʱ򣬷λҼ͵ԭ򣬾Ȼ˲òŮЩӶǱģһڼǵʱ򣬹ǰȡ
ĽԨ޴ȵһͬǱŮѾĥֻʣһˡ
ĽԨ޴ɱºߵļˣһҲ⡣
Ѿͬ˵ˣץסЩ͵ɽȥͣɽ䲻ˮ֣ҲǸĵط
ɽǽӽ޺Ϊƿۼ˲ٵһ塣
ֻǱɽΧ̫ΣˣЩ겻ٳϡ
ǰЩӣ˵˵ĽԶҪȥɽְʮֵĽԶ£Ҳȥˡ
ɽȻڹУҲʮֵĳԣɱϾ߻ӵĵط
ʱóͼоã赣ģĽҺжԣҲʲô顣
ɽΧб˲˲䣬סĵطԶѾдź˲䣬ǹĽԶԼȥһ塣
֮㣬ĽԶ֮һҪݺóǽֹ޶ҡ
ٹһЩӣĽҪȥɽˣеѾڿʼطˡ˵Щ˻صٱ۸ȥɽǣǱٿԺúõȥ
ĽԶ̫˲һĹǷǶԴҲˡ
ĽԨ޴չ˺Щ˵ġ
šĽԨ޴ͷĬһֵɱһЩˡ

ΪʲôҪεЦЦЩˣ
ʹĽԨ޴֣Ҳᶯ֡
ʵ˵ĵطͻжڰҲɱ⡣еĵطйԼ߹ĵط¹Щ˿ϣ
ʹĽԨ޴ɱº߲ˣվ˵ʲôڽŶ̤һ
ȴʱôЩȥɽǺ󣬲ȥһ١
٣Ҫй¶ǵ٣ȴ񷢿һŹ޴󺰣ҵʶ˵ʦɱңΪұģ
ˣ㶼ɱˣŹҰɣ
ʲô㣬ɱҡ
Щ޿κεĿǰһɪɪ٣̾һҲɱ㡣
ҺֳϢ͸¶
ȻĻɱڣ
Уɱ㣬еλʦҲΪ㱨ġ
˵ˣҲѹʶôΪЩ˺Լأ
Ҳû׹һ仰˼ֻɿźţƺɤŴ󣬿ǰˡ
û˵ʲôǱĺ뿪ˡ
ǳز󣬹ĽԨ޴һ޳ų޺ʻȥ
޺ɭֺܲһ޺ΧľʮңеޣȼܸߡԽǽӽ޺ԶԶĿһƬĺʹž룬ȴܸܵѹ
ЩȲѣ޵ѹ̤޺Ϊ̫Σˡ
Ϊӽ޺˼յ庢ˡ
۾С¹һ峺żȴ޺󣬼ҪһţŹִ˼ַ
¡ĽԨ޴ȥݳԼ޳ڿʼ졣
óѰ࣬Բʱ֪ӽвꡣ
߹һλ峤;λϡ
峤ʵߣ൱޵ߵԪӤڣλǽ𵤺ڡʵУԹڵ޵ǣҪץˡ
֮Իڹ⣬Ϊվһҡ
һ˲٣游ҲľųϣΪ˱ӣЩ˵С
˵ΨһܼסģȺи˵ֽС顣

243 ҪҪ

겻֪˭ǹȴǺġ
飬ĵܵܣռ谮ĺӡ
͹ռҺڶ޵岻һռҵʵͨˣŲһߵ˽졣ռҵڴӹϲжΪжΪȥЩԼкʮֵĳ谮
ÿ˵Щﶼżį
˵ҲŮΪʲôأѵעŮ˸ǿ𣿡
ռҵǸж滹ôࡣƫƫģռҵǸŮ˳ݣѹͬΪŮԵǡ
һռҳΨһж˵Ҳռ̳ռڹѡ
Щռҵʵٳǰÿһ֣ضһСĶҡԼʹǻңҲøռҼ棬ҲΪʲôҶԻҵĹ뷨ԭ
޵ߵҵĹⱲӶҪĴڡ
ҵĹΨһˡ
Ϊ̰棬˹ƻ֮ܵ˹С
ڼռҲٵİ̽͸ֶ˹б飬Ϊĵ׽㣬ûյĸźúõչ顣
ԼҲ֪еҪʲôˮ޺ľ벻ԶҲ¡
жٽ֮飬£ôռҳҪݺݵ𱸣Ӵ˱Լʹ治ϲܵܣҪȥİȫ
ֻס˵𣿡̽ʲ꣬أ
ʲô𣿡
ҡͷǱ游뿪ģܼסҲġĹŵıǻȥ游һ뿪Ըǵˡ
վ̫ˣʱ¶˱ڲصĳ
ųȥ֮ǰҲ²ӱץסһʱסǵĳ
г򣬼ʹڸסҲͼѡҪס򣬻úķѲٵٻ档
ųҲȲѣΪ֪ԼСĺˡ
ģҲֻЩˡ
˯һᣬû˻㡣괦һ˿ڣָһЩҩ˵Ҵؼң
ȻкӣΪ̫СκòδԿʮֵۡ˿챻һ˫ס㣬˵һܼ游𣿡
ġش˵һģ
Ȼ֪ܸ֪˵Щڰο
ǲ֪ΪʲôȴԸǰŮһ󣬹ԹԵıۡ
Ȳ˯ˣ΢΢ʧ˼ŽҪ
ڹУضҲ˹ŻȥץŮ
ϾŮòڣֹܵɣֺɫ֮ͽȻŮȻҲĺӣվ̫ˣҲǿġ
ȻĺȤȴҲǷǲɡ
ı󣬱ض鵱á
ڵľԣ⡣
ռұϾǹڵ֮һڹУôвٵʵͳȥֺ顣ʱǽдģû׼廹ˡ
̧֣ϵȴ΢΢ü
Žյ壬˶ǰԼΪʺʱһС䡣
Сĳ͵ģΧȴûһ˴졣
߳жվԭȻ¡
ŲԶӺĹһ䣬ʺֻҪţ
Ҫţȷ
Ҳ
С䣬ӵ̫޵ҪĶ
Ǻ;ڸ߹ܲ飬ն˻̫̫ࡣƾĴϻۣҪƭ峤ȫԵġ˱ϾԲթߺӦ뿪ˡ
ܻһʱѵҪһӶ塣
ڻĹⳡ
û˵ĽԨ޴ʱ֪˵ʲô
ĽԨ޴֪˵ʲôڹߣᶨ˵ʲôҶԸ֧㡣
˲һﴧŲеʴȡҲΪģҽղܻ˵
ԣҪʲôҶΪʲô
˵ϣڸ߹Ըĵūһߵ
ԹҳϣҲԴڹʴȡ
ߵ˽յĵز˳
ԣʹгһգΪҲǲԥġ

244 ˺

ĽԨ޴Ҳ뿪˹ҲҲȹõˡ
ʹԲӦĸ飬ΪѣҲһ˭׵Ĵڡ
ԣԸ˵ĽԨ޴ԸŹġ
ҵû˵ôСΪλ߶꣬ȵģʵܾ֮ǰ΢ˡ˼Ҫ飬Ҳʹġ
һǵȥҵ峤룬ðѲ껹ǡ
ų˼ӻв꣬ģȻˣȻҲҪȫڶķϵ峤ģܲܰװ˼Ҷ
峤Ļеպҵסĵط
һƶ˵ɽ壬ɽϱ˼ڡ
ɽһƬߵɭ֣Χƺ߶
Ⲣһܰȫĵطʹ޵߲ɱЩˣЩгһҲᾭܲסջȥԵЩˡ
ڵûѡֻܾס
˸ով˶ҺʹսʱǾֵʱڼ޳һֵʱһʧ롣
£峤ˣųŻսǣͳ޳˹ȥ
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󲮲ңڼʱ򣬱㼱Ŵ޳˳ɵ˲ߣ˲˳󲮲үүûˣ
Ϊ峤ڷɹʱ˹ĽԨ޴ڵ޵ߡңƾԼ޵ûдԾҲƸղô
ҲŸ˲ӽĻᡣ
꣬һ˫۵ɵԲԲģϽֱס꣬û°ɣ
û¡һ߿ţһߺͲ˵ң
Ҳˣ
һ۱ܿ͸ˣǹһ޵ߣּϹһŨϤķϵԲûѡ֣ǰ͹̸лСꡣ
ֻ˵ĵֲ̣ϲԲùϢˡ
ЦЦ֪峤ڵʲô赣ģҲǵġ
֮УͶġ
΢΢üͶ
ԣӿռָóһľеݸ峤򿪼ɡ
峤뿪ʱµСľУҲ֮ŷ֣ԼĿռָġ峤峤֪ܵرͼϸļء
СľйҲҪ򿪹浽ʲôȴԼǴ򲻿ġ
Сľֻ峤ܴ򿪡
һóСľк󣬲ɫͱˡ
ڿбΧסˣҲǿʲô벻ĶһһѸٵأϽŹķ
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һȺ˿ʼںţɽϵƺҲĶҲŸ
ۿˣߵǰӹľУȻŹ棬߶ţ尲ȣ徲ãþá
ľϵİƣֻ˲ܿɱķϵҲֻҲӵС
˵ϣûҵѪҺȴǳĳݺ𾴡
ĻΪ˱İգȫս
λոѧϰ깭õİСҲ⡣
޵ó̴ؿڣʬڳǽĴϡѪҺ͸˫Ĵģһ̣ĺӣﻹսʿŻŵĳеĹȴ֪ںʱѾˡ
ʱС˻ŴӳǽԱߵĵص㿴ѪС
ǵãǰЩӣ̵ǹĳϣ˵СձضĹ֡
ǵСʱЦĿĻ䡣
⻨仹δţͳ׵Ŀήˣ˲ڵϣݺݵ̤ࡣ
ĻңͶǻػսһ̡
ֻҪǻˣ˭⡣
ˣֻܿŻҵڱ·ϣȴվûа취Щʬ
ôȥˣ峤ȴͣ˴ǰǳս
ľϵİƣǻ
ľУһ˫ȴƺһ̻ղסССľСɳƣҵ˹ˣǸ
ˮŹ˼ְ󣬡ܸͣң˭͹𣿡
룬Ҳû
˵˱ĺ˵һޱߵĹľ˵Ѿȥˡ

245 ת

˵ĺҲʲôش
ҲֲһֱδȥľסأΪǰЩӵĶңЩԴӵˣҲ𽥵ѧı
ڲߵˣ񻹻ŵļϺսʿǡ
˵ѹں׵޹󣬸ǿ޵
ΪĳϣΪսʿȴðǣֺγأ
ʵǣ˵Ĵ
Щ࣬ע޵ǵĶ֡
˵ϣԵ󣬲ļϣҲ˹ȥɽϾס˵̸֮顣
ĽԨ޴𣬺һɹӵʱ򣬹ҲƼ޴ƺҹɫɽϵϷ𹥻ƺҲʶһ㣬üͷ
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һɽǸߵɽ壬һۿΧ޵߹Ҳ¶һЩ΢СĶЩ롣ǹ֪ʹҲ̫á
Ϊռҵ飬нڵĻҪԴġ
ովһսʱ˸һûаɡЩŮǣľżһ㣬û˿˼ΪҵĶͻȻ֣ľڶһ顪ʹࡣ
˲סĶ**Ů
żɬֱɵõĳõĿ˵Ķ
ƺҲЩκͲ˼ͷԹǸ˵ͣǸǿˣ
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ҽй
ڹȻ޺ˣȴѹû֡ԴʱĲ֣ǹ˵ʦ
л˹˵ⶫԣҪ
֪峤֪ĶʲôҲü⡣
Թת˻⣬ʲ£ʵҲöԵġ峤Ǿסط̫Σˡ
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Ҳ֪弶ĺڵޣ඼ǣ񲻶ɫһҪάֺƽɫˣٽҹɫǡ
״̬ãӦЩأ
˵ֱӣﻹ˿˿ĵǣԲʱͷ͵ĸˡ
λ϶ǽڣϾųϣѾλˡ
񻹻ŵλҲѷҪͶ弶ڵһսҲ
ó÷ϵͨĵҩʺáϵĵҩȻԸǣǶϵĵҩǵļ۸ȴЩס
޵߶ƣЩ廹ˣǶļѡ
ӱɽ˲ȴȴǰ̫࣬Ϊɽ˲һλļĵʦñɽ˲￪ʼʵҲƤȥһ˱ɽ˲䣬δ׼ãⳡҡ
峤ңҰɡ
˵ֻɱЩޣҲֻάһʱİȡϾӽ޺ס̫ˡסϾǳ֮ƣ
ԣһ㵣С˵Ҫɱޣ
򲻿ɣˣС㷽Ҳ˵ˣ弶ѾǣѾԺˣȥȻҲΣյġ
ʵȹ߲٣һ۾Ͳʵ
ȻϣܰǽЩޣǹϾĶˡ
ڽӴľеʱ򣬱оľûб򿪹ɼĺܳš
޵ߴսթòһǳĵˣȻܿŹȥ
ްġ룬ִóһҴӲ֪վһңԲ˶ˡҲóҽ˿ڣǸʦһЩҩ峤ȥɡ
Щҩ͵ĶǶĵҩ峤õղˡ
˵ҲѹֹĻᣬĽԨ޴ͳȥ
Щס㵵ĴеĴòǵԲۡ
ڷŲٵСƿװ˲ٵĵҩ
ҾԵ͵ĵҩǶģﲻ˶δļҩ
˭еĵҩһʱҲʧˣļĵʦ

246 ֣1

عʱ򣬸Ͻټʣµλ˻
λϣʣµıǴϲϲۣ峤ϲԶϲ
дϲΪأ
ĹΪҪУԺķ˲ٵ򶼸׷޵߿һֻǲȳ˸ʹֱڹȥˡ
˵ĳ޵ߵ֫һ̡ʹ
ʱĲϢ˼գɫ̦޺ûаѪɫ
ʵȰҪɲԸϢһɵ˻
һˣϽǰóһļĵҩ͸ȥ
һ̲оһȣһԴԴϵھʣʧҲڴʱ𽥵Ļˡϡ峤ϣϣȴǴ㵵ĿŲλӡ
ѵĳǻһʼһŨķϵʼ޲ȱĵطֻתۼ䣬ֻĳȴһƾճ֡
ֻϸĿֻᷢ³ĳ򣬺֮ǰǲһġ
³ĳ򣬸庢ӲŻеĳɫҲӡ
⡭ϵļԪ
峤ҲʣǲļԪƹı⣬̫ڵжıļҩΨţһͼҲױյĵҩ
ļĵҩƽ峤ϵ䱦һţŲؼʱ򣬾Բó
һĿ³ĳļļƷҩԪõĹЧ
ԪǴ󲹵ĵҩֹ޸˵ľ޲ʧȥ֫
ֻԪ˲ٵ޵߲ʲô󲹵ĵҩ
ԪɳƣǷλС㣬Ŷ˵ʦġ
ԪļĵҩȴҲκļĵʦƵġΪԪҪȥԵʦܸߣֹܷԼԺңʦ㹻ַ־ȻƲԪ
ĹļĵʦǱҵʦԸ˭ԸȥԪأ
ϾǶ޵ûʲô洦õĵҩҲԸⱻ˵塣
Щֹ꣬ǲļλϣֻǴӴǰĹżͼ¼ϣŵ֪ԪĴڡ
ʵõԪʱ򣬲Ҳȷϡ
оŨҩʺ˷õϢø˲ʹá
ۿĳ򳤳һ̣ŸȷԪ
ļĵʦ𾪵ĿŲأ
Ķˣ˹صĵҩǣǲٻˣ
һĬõĴϲҲˣǣǲû
һļĵʦǽڣҪһ壬ȻҪѲٵȴҲ˵޵Ϊ˵ҩħˣֻҪڣкܶԸġ
ֻҪԸ⣬Ҫһ壬ֻʱ⡣
ĹȻġ
ûе⡣
ңΪʦԸƳԪĵҩˣɼĳ⡣
ʴȵˣǻʲôȥɹأ
δ˵һӵĶ
ء
𡪡
ѡѡ
޴춯ڵһ̱ɵɽϿ
ҲͲͣǹ˵ʦѣ˵ҪǽЩ鷳
ΪֳĶֿ̫ʼʧ룬кǿʼޡ
ϣ鷳ȥһˡԣüͷ˵˴ʦǵĶˣǲ¡
˵žҪ뿪Ͻץס֡
˵֪Ǵʱȥ˴ʦѷȥ˻ȥҵģ
峤˼ǣǲȥһ峤ϺܲͬĻ
ҡͷóĴǹ˵ʦǵĵҩǲһЩҩָٹȥæĻҲϹ˴ʦĺȣ
򿪴ʱ򣬲ֹƽصĴϷƹܱ峤϶
ŵĵҩ̫ˣҴ඼ʺ˷õĵҩ
峤ⱲҲδĵҩԴʱ˺
˵Ķԣ˴ʦҪԸǣ̫ˡЦﻹȥ˼ң
ǵȥæǲöˡ
һС˿ڣҲùȥܣ޹ء
˵飬˸Լȥ

247 ֣2

ʱĹҲڳĶ̫
ĽԨ޴˵ȥסǣҲһ󡣡
ĽԨ޴˵ͷĽó̬ʼǷȥ
վӺó̺죬ʼ󷨺ͽ硣
˾֮΢һ㶯ڵ¶ֵ̬ԹΪ˲ŵǣſʼֱӰȦһȲܳҲܽĽ硣
Ϊ˲ٵ飬󷨷棬֮ǰ
Ƭֱ̣ӿٳһ½硣
ȲͲʱȴԼֻԶԶĿţѹܽȥ
ڽĹַ壬ĶѸٵò𾪣ǲע⿴Ҫˡ
ڶ׭ʱҲ˿еļ׭ǲҪԪʯһĳȥ޵˼ĽԨ޴ǽޣĽ޼᲻ݵĳƺţڵ˱ĹĽһ弶޵ϣһ޴˿ڡ
ΪſҩʱѾ㹻ˣȴڿĽԨ޴ַ󣬸ǾԺһƬԺ
ʵ̫ǿˣĽԨ޴ԹҲʮֵĻţ˶ԸЩͷ۵ʱ˿ѹ
ﲻҪǰæˡЦڷ˵ҩʵѾָ˴ǰһ룬óýͷһЩæģȴѹҪ֡
õĽ磬ʹó󷨵Ҳȫ͸Ҳ֪󷨡
ʱĲ죬ж¡
վǰСνСòڣЦʱ޹ִƣ¶֪ıųС㣬վɽϱĺӡǾôһ޺Ůֵʱȴ˭˲òϣ˲òࡣ
ͲҲ֪ﲻҪԼ󣬱Ȼ뿪
һߣַ͸ˡ
ҲȺ˵ĵ˲١
һߣָֻ֮ǰ״̬
ʵɱȺޣȷһæǸǣҪʵս
ڵõߺֱչ˲ٵʱ䣬ǵõ˷ϵҪЩȻʲô鷳ǲܷԼʵ
ȻҪǣЩ޵ڵٵԪʯ弶޵˵͵ļ۸
ںȱԪʯΪһȺԪʯġԦ䡣
⼸СܵٶȺܿ죬ҵԦԽʱ򣬹ŷЩԦҲеȼġιԪʯǲŻȫһڶһĴڡ
ԦĵȼԽߣҲǵĺô
ʹͼΪǰ£ǰѶ͸
ЩתҲܱƵҩ
Ʃ֮ǰƵԪǽסԦ
ԦʮֳԹƳԪûһǵͼġ
޵⣬ϲӴˡףΪЩû޵ôѲθҲЩ޵һ
ȹĽԨ޴ʰЩ޺Ѿ賿ʱˡ
ɫѾΪӽ޺ûа̡
̧ͷܿǳǡ
ֻõҹɫ£ȴһŨصѪζ
ĽԨ޴ԸùȥʰڵԼȥЩ޵ڵ󣬹ɳԦЩ޵ʬס
ԦֵʱĽԨ޴ҲѹͻȻĳ֣޵ڵݸ˹
ʵսΣĽԨ޴ڱõĹʺ𣿡
ⳡʵսֹù˽ԼʵҲĽԨ޴ףԼĽȱþֲ
ԹŻĽԨ޴һԸЩޡ
ţʺϵġֻ˵ҪУƺûдﵽľ硣ĽԨ޴ǽޣԴʱ̸۹ʱҲʮ£ҵĽǳٿһЩЩ弶ޱһ!

ЩϾ弶ޣҴ໹ǿϹٴεȺ塣Щ޵սʵ˿ѸޣĽԨ޴˵ҪһɱЩޣƺҲ̫СЩˡ
޵һľ磬ȷʵ
Ҳнһһλġ
ֻǴվǴԣǼ˲Ⱦһ޵ǵιģԹԴˣҲֻǰŰɡ
ôһյġվû˵̫ĻĽԨ޴
ҲΪһ仰ĽԨ޴ϣ¶ǳõЦݣţ
ûʲô飬ܱȵϴʱĿ϶

248 

ԦЩ޵ʬ׺󣬹ϵѪζ»ص˵ĵ̡
ʱĲλϣһҹδۡ
ڰ˵ʱҲƾʧ
ɭǹ˾õ޺ǱʲôڵסһϢˡΪǴ󷨣Լӿ˰ǵǵȴϻ֪֮ʹϸûϵ
üͷ˵ļĴڣҲ󷨵ˣַԲ˵Ŀ죡
ѵм䣬һλļʦ
Ц
һλļĵʦһλļʦͻȻĵϣϲ֪ʲôԼˡ
ڼλϵСĬúſڶԲ˵ϣҪһȭǲΣ
һ峤ϵͷ˭ξ
óΪ˱֯ξҲξСı£ʹĺӣҲᱻξƭֺοѾŽΪأ
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˵ĬƬ̺ŶԲ˵Ƿλ˴ʦ̫ˡ
ʵܣ֪ġƥﻳЦˣҲûʲôˡܣڶ֮ǰĻһʧġ
һγˣҲزסģ硭߹˵ʦɡ
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ĸ͸ǵĵҩõҲٵĶǶ
վߵļ˵Ҷ£ĸңΨĲܻȡģ
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̫ˣڿȺкŮʱȴòϣЩǶ̫ɫˡ
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Щ˱ȹ˲٣ҸΪƴһҵ¸صˣȷܲһݡ
ĻﲢûʲôãЩɹڵϣƺΨǾðġ
ǹ˴ʦǻ塣˻ƣ㲻ֹǣǾ壬Ϊ
̫ˣҲûʲôܽ˺ܾãҵ˱ķʽ
ǣҪ߹ܡ
ϽȥЩ׷ԲԵˣֵҴδҪʲôر
ȻлرҲǻܵġ
ǽ򿪻Ķϣ˵ʦҲ˵ܣЩء
˵ʦǲԸ⣬Ҳǿ
ѡȨ
Ĭ˻ᣬŵһ
ԣһл˵ʦ
ҹת۱㵽
סĵϲ˼󷨣ʱ޺޵ʱֻ󷨶ԽڵЧ޵ߵʵﵽԪӤڣҲƭ̫á
ó֯ξڹϣּӳ˼þ֤İȫ
ʱףԭóûþĲٵġ
ڲûþϵȣ弶ڵʦҲƽ⡣
ϴϣҲȡʤ

249 ػ

ڣҲǲξͻþ󷨡
츳û˿İ취
ڲ󷨵ʱ򣬹ʹҲ˴̸Լϵļʶ˴˶治١
Ͻˣʶȹ̫࣬˵Ķ඼ǹδŹġ
ڴϵ£Լ󷨣лͻ弶ˡ
ҹʱĽԨ޴ûи
ΪϾܣֻ峤ʹϲʸ֪飬ҲֻΧܽڡ
ĽԨ޴վһ
ڲ󷨵ʱλҲףԭĽԨ޴ļʦ
ֹļĵʦļʦ
Ĺ仹ʮ꣬Ϊ;磬˭Ҳ벻ġ
ʱϲ̾˴ʦĺ
ţ˿޹ĽԨ޴ҲʮԸһ䣬Ǻ
ĽԨ޴ʮˣû˿Ĵĵط׭ʱĽԨ޴Ҳ˵һ䣬Ѿļķ׭ʦˡ
ϣ
ϣ
ʵҲδҪЩΪ֪˲Լ
ΨйʵԽǿЩ˲ŻԽ
ʱĽԨ޴ûж
ǡ࣬չ˵ʦϵķ׭
ԼģĽԨ޴˵ʱ˫տɫ۸ԵȣǳһֹƵҩҷ׭ҲҴδԼߵˡ
ĽԨ޴ǸӼ䵭ˣǴʱ˵ʱȴϲ
Թκ鶼ʮֵϤһҹϱ˹̫顣
ڣΪͲú˽磬ԲͲҲѹľ͸ȥ
ֿ̧һʮĬĸ֣Ȼдʡ
˵ǹδһ
ҵĵϲ˵Ļ尲ȣ徲ãþá
ԸԶȣԸ֮¾ãþãûսҵš
ҲҪӡ
û̫ҰģֻҪȵսš
ϧˣϵÿһ˵һȡ
ЩȴǸпǧ
Ͳģ˵ѪҺһϳһνɫѪҺѪҺľϷľȴǻһĴ˸ӡ
ľŵһ˵ĳ򣬺һźɫڵһԿס
Щ߳ж̲ס
Ҳ̾һʼ͹Щ
һԳģԳ޴ĻþܰҸطסĻұʱ򣬶Գ򣬷ֹңҪ뿪ĵط׼ġ
ҵͨŨԸٴһ
ҵı£õա
źɫڵҵ˵ÿոڵѸٵĲ
ʵڵҲҵľʯ
Կס
ԣǵݴ½ʥŮĻʥŮϲɱ¾ǲξ޵ֹͣɱ˵ʥŮ͸һƶĶ˾ס
С𴬡
վǴ˵𴬵״ڲڣҲ֪
Կ׿ЦԿףܴ𴬡
ǲڵĶʹԿףأ
ʵͲãǲڵġʹ˼ԦķҸԿףĴڣô帲ʱ򣬻Ҿ͸óˡ
Ĳ𣿡ŲԿףȴô֮ԻڣҲиݵġ
Щãڰɡ
ڣǲŻãĲ塣
𴬵״ڲڣҲǲ࿼ǵ⣬ΪڵˣѹԦ𴬡
Ϊ𴬵ˣʵﵽ޵ǵĳڡ
Ⱳ̤ԪӤڣѾˡڲ
Ȼ峤ǲԪӤѾ̫ͣˣûиôʹµڵҲ̤ڡ
ԣ𴬴ڲڣǶûʲô塣
߹֮󣬹ȴѹûж˵ҪԦ𴬵óڣôǴﵽڲͺˣ
˵棬ȴǾô㵡
ڣôף

250 

ǹĴˣҪԷ̼ˡ
ƺҲʶԼ˵ʲôת˻⣬ԿףǺúõķŰɡ
Ĵأ
һô˾סĵطڱ׷ˣùˡ
˵Ҳͷš
ûϼ˵ʲôǸ˵ܡ
屾һӡΪĴ̫࣬Ϊû취ȥػӡˡ
ǡòķӡߺ
˵ߺڣǵݴ½ڶĴܷӡĶ˲ӡĶ˵ӡĲһˣһֵĹ
˵ֻ̫ܸͣܵӡĶʵûдôֲ
Ϊû
ǹôһ˿ħأ
һֱΪӡĶʵʲôµĴڣϢ˵ȥҲûţҹ֣峤δҪҵرͼĵַҪ˴·
Ҳ˵峤ʵ˹
۹ܴܲﵽԪӤڣҪȥѰҲرͼĵַҲҪţ˵ʵҲԪӤڡ
ʹ֪ԼҲû̫
Ϊ峤̻Ԧߺİ취
ϲܰװ׵ڱ˼ҵĶȻҲҪñƵ׼
ڵ֪һк󣬲ſʼ֮Ҫô顣
Ͳ˵վǲȫģ峤ңҵиطƼ峤
ԹȻʮŵģʣ֪˴ʦ˵
иٹЩҪΪɽǵĳˡ˵ɽǵĵƿλڱȴһŨɽڵͼϿɽΧɽ嶼ܸߴ󣬺ʺ˾ס
ԣ˴ʦ˵ĵطӦý·壬طڱɽǵĳϽΧڡңҲմӱɽǸᵽٻȥǡ
ǣᱻץס
Ц֪·岻ڱɽǳĹϽΧԲŻȥ
·ɽǱɽ˲䣬ɽβ˲ĵ̡ͣҲ˵ǣǱɽ˲˲ģôǴܣǲܽӽ·ġ
ǰЦΪʲôҪأΪʲôҪطǾסأ
˵峤ţҿԡ
Һͱɽ˲Щ飬ɽ˲˲ĹϵҲţҿԽ⡣
ԹĻȻʮţԹ˵ЩҲ¶ϲ飬𣿡
ȻûʮİգҲͬ峤˵Щ˵Ȼ·岻ڱɽǵĹϽгһҲҪλİϣ
ʹ壬ҲǰȥģͲ֤ʳԡ
ʱ壬ÿնǹӲ
ȥ·壬˲շǶ
ԴʱĲͲҪᡣ
ʹҪǵȡҲǺںġ
ô˵أ˵ȣ¾ãþã
Щ徭̫飬Ͳܹ¾õˡ
ЩӹĿ˵ΪϵĲ峤һο
ǱΪԼˮЩĶŵĸɸɾˣȴʱǣΪȥһο
Ǹ˵飬Ϊʲô¶أ
˴ʦ㡭Ͳһι˹ǰĶˣǶмԸΪ㻤ūͣ
̾ϢһηˣЦ˵ҲΪ壬ҲΪҵĲ˲䡣
űɽ˲˲Ҳͱɽ˲俪ʼˡǵӱʹӣҲܰͰ˽Ҳʹܲܺ˲Ҳ½ףǱҲ㹻ݡ
ŵ⣬Ȼ߲ܡ
˲ԣǴѹ̫ˣʦԸϲˡԹԸ⣬Ǹͻᡣ
ͱɽ˲˲䣬Աɽ˲ָмǴʱǱ壬Ȼܾ
ΨлĻŻ
˰ǲ󷨺ͻþڱ޹ʱҲ಻ٵս
һк󣬲ŻԲ˵Щ
ԥ㿪ʼдţһֻԦźȥ˱ɽ˲䡣
Ҳڴʱǿźɫڵҹˣ˴ʦڵ˶ı𡣡

251 ȫ

źɫڵҵ
ʵʺϱʹãΪֲѸŵ
ǲͲ֮󣬾յ·Ͼסֱ˲䱣ţҲʱòڵˡԣʹá
ѹ˴ʦϴˣҲΪʦзϵ˵û´Ļ泤͸ˡ
һվѷʱ㽫ڵƳɵҩ£ô㲻õģгһջʧȥϵ
΢΢üŲЩ⣬ֻڵʺǰ
ڵȷʺǣǣڲܹϰȵ𣿡˵ĺģҼʹҺ峤úǵľҲһ㣬㲻һ
ǷڵձضԪӤ
˵ЦЩΣԪӤҲܳΪ弶ĵʦʱܱˡ
ҹˣǷǳϲǷģ峤˹һϵ˵չˡôǴʱڵյĹ϶ῴġ
ͲһУ
ȻҲԸڵģǰգҲһ˹С
ⲻֹǵ뷨˵뷨
ǰ˹
ǹ˵㡣
ֺγ֪أߺһЩҪԪӤ÷ѲٵǴʱõڵô̤ڵʱ򣬱Ϊ𵤺ˡ
ֻҪﵽ𵤺ڣаڶݵͻԪӤڡ
áҲ֪Ҫӻ˺ǣҪʵҲûмܾڵڣһֱȡ
˵ı֤֤󣬸һ
ŹҲԸŹ
ӹĵƵҩƵҩٶȼ죬Ϊ˵İæڵƳɵҩʱҲ˳ҲΪ˵İæԼԼĸоԼѾļڣֻҪһԵܳ׵̤弶ʦľ硣
Ҳ㣬¿ʼݸϣս
ڵƳŵҩһŸһ壬һŸĽԨ޴Լʣµš
պöӦ
Ͳû뵽õҩǣϲ
ڽӣ޲ðѹһš
ҲСº󣬱ɽ˲СӱһȺ˵סĵط
ɽ˲СڶĻϻ۵һԻڽӵ˹źսսʿǣŹ˵ĵطˡ
ʵʱǱæģǵʱȴԭĵط
ڹǰ壬ȻԸ⡣
˲ӢսʿҴҸڼʱԹ񣬡˴ʦþò
þòЦЦôˣ
ȻûϢãЩˡڼԹ񣬱֪ʮֵ𾴣ԿŹǿһ
ķԸȻҪġ˵Щ̫꣬Ķˡ
Թ̬Ⱥܺãڼ󣬸Ǳ֤ɽ˲һúõıС
ΪеĲӣһսʿڽ˼ڸϹʱ뿪
ǶԲ˵˲ǱҲûʲô飬ǰ·Ͻס
ǣó˽˵Щ󣬲Ѿ˲ٵĽס
²Ź͸¶Ĵ˲䣬ʵġ
˽ºͲ˵ɱɽ˲ĵʦʵǹ
ûлش𣬶Ĭ˲Ļ
Ǳɽ˲λصĵʦɽ˲ôСأ
ȻûĴӡ
һжǿڹϣ
Ϊĳ֣ڰĹҲõ޵ͻȻϮ
ڿ˰ʱҲøһЩҩ
ʹǰһóͬݵݸǸ߹˲ҲҪĵҩ
룬ҩҪƣǿŰ졣
һȥ֮󣬻ʦһҩ
ϵʵޣƵĵҩ󲿷ֶˣһЩԼˡ
б޻վǸ¡
ÿ˶Թ˴󣬲Ÿһ뿪طڼһκ󣬱㿪ʼϻ¹Ժ

252 鷳

ĽԨ޴˸ԵĶػڵƳɵĵҩ
˵ҩ󣬱оڵķϵǣֻǱؾ̺̫ĵҩһµʱ䣬һ֡д󲿷ֱֵӷӡߺ
ΪзϵҲܹϤļԦߺˡ
ڼ䣬ĽԨ޴֪ʹ󷨣Ķȴ˲һɼŨڲ
ȥ̽ȴסˡ
˵ԺأҺ˺
ҵͽڱչأԴ룬ʲôӣ˭Ҳ
Ϊ˶ȡ飬ڵպͺüԺԺʮֲǰ¹ԺѹŹǶѡ뿪ˡ
ѹ֪ڣպͽﶼȥɽˡ
¹ԺɽľͿǣֻ˵һ䣺Ժܻ
ҽڵȷǻԺʱ
ɽҲ͸¶һϢֻҪкʵĻᣬǷǳͬԺλġʹһֱںɽڣѧԺڷ飬Ҳ֪߰˰ˡҲ֪Ϊʲôʹ͹һζδȴĹĳ˺ơ
һֵϤУɽ޲ɵƫ˹ߡ
ΪպͽֹվûȥĽԨ޴Ķ̽Եɡ
ȹĽԨ޴Ӷڳ󣬹ֱȥйݡ
ӴĹ㡣
ʱ򣬿ʼҪǲһеó˲ٵ弶ݣǷĲ׬ＸϹ£㱳ȥ
Щ弶ݺҩЧܺã͵ļ۸񣬽޲ⱾƵø
Ȼ֪ΪԼãЦóһЩҩݸ㣬ЩҩҶ̵Ĳ
ãѹһϹ£ֱӾܾԼã
ҪǿҵضܳΪ弶ĵʦʱбضϹͰ
ĿʮֵĿߵϹ£Źĵҩ޲ֱȥ
ȷĽҲٵæҲ㣬׬档ǱϾˣȻҪ̣ôԸأʹǧԸ⣬ȴҲҵŹ˵ʲô
ΪֹǣǱ߶ڿǣҪҪ£ˡ
һ꼶ļʦ־ͨ󷨺ͷ׭ͺñһݽߵԪʯ׬Ԫʯ
̡룬ŰɣһһЩԪʯ
ںҪԪʯǵͼĻмģȱ
ȺԦ̫ܳˣҹǼʲôɡιԪʯǳɳĸ죬ԼʹۣҪԪʯǡ
̫ΣˣһϣҲһ㰲ȫС
˵Ҳ˵ʲô㻹ҪЩݣ˵˵
еûУұȥڸҪ
ѹٹһЩұȥɽˣʲôҪļǵøҡ
Ե˵ͷ
˽ּĽԶҪΧ˵顣
ĽԶʹΪʲôֻǵͷʾ֪
һдãȥһ˵ʦᣬõļʦһ̤еĵ̡
еĹѾһˣڼʱֻǿ׵ѯ˼䡣ڿóĹʱǵɫűˡ
ĹȻûмǱϾиȥĶǰλļĵʦеĹԴʱµĹ
͹µ˵Լ֣óһļĵҩݸ£ǼƷԪƶɵģм
µĸˮǵﲻãŹ˵ԪʱҲһ˿㵡
ȻļĵʦǶϲƲĹϵƳԪǼƷԪļʦߣﵽļʦڵˡ
ǰС˵ҩԼƵģµȻû뵽
ⵤҩƵ𣿡µü⻰ɲ˵ģ
Ȼ͸¶УѾļʦڵ飬ȻԼݡ
µԱЦĸˣҲԸŵҩ۸Ҳ͡
˵Ҫ£˵ʦ顣
Щ˲ٵĵʦҲǰλļʦôû׼
СϢģȫںôŵҩ
ʱһͳɳƵı˹ι˼ң
תͿһμ׳˶ӣһĴ

253 Ϊ

ӵòڣʵҲôϵıȴۻҡ
ָϣʮռָҿռָɵĶȻҲܲ١
һͲԼдϣԪʯˡ
ˣʵࡣ
㻰أ䡣ԵЩͷߵֱǰŹõ˵Ҽү㻰Ͻش𡣡
ȻˡЩѾ³ǰ˵ݡ
飬ռҴΨһж
˵ڳôмأ
˹Ļȴ΢΢üϢô׼˵δ𣿡
ҲҪ鿴ŹǿԼһֻҪߣҲ⡣Ҫ֪ߴˮʹӦ֪ôѡ񡣡
Цţʹ֪˭𣿡
ţǣɻ󣬡ҿʶӣ
ôлʶңԵʮԸ˵ռҵүҽ顣
¹Ժˣ϶֪ҽ˭档
ҽʵ̫ˣңռң˵зеλҵ˼𣿡
Ļ֪˼Ϣ
飬˻ϸ飬ŻԳ
ǸɫˣǡùӵƤ೤ʮֺãۡ
ң˻˹ѾΪδ顣
ȻɫҲϲ棬ѹѾŮӡ
ʱ˲
룬Ƥ࣬Ǻϲˡ
ңסɹͿЦ˵㵽ʲô˼أ
Ǹ߸ϵˣ·ˣϣҺҷټĹˡ
飬˵𡮷ֵʱ򣬹Ȼɫѿ
㳤ĲϧȴǸ˵ҵ˼ǣϽ뿪ˣҡ
ȻȢΪңֻҪźҺˣҿ϶Ϊҡ
Ҳ֪ռڹڵĵλΪ檣ѾǺܸˡ
˵̧㣬ҲҪúõĻرң֪𣿡
˵ڶ͹һʹԸΪ檣ռҵҲӦΪ޵ߣǲΪռҴڽӴĺӵġ
ȻȻҲƲռҵЩˣ⡣
ֱִ֮ˣôϹأʼ˵ĽԨ޴ζģ˵һη֣ɫ͸ѿϾռңռ˵ĹΪŮӱôһգɷܲ꣬Ȼǲظ
Ů˿̵Ҫռó顣
󣬼Ҫŭˣȴһ޹ӣ˵Լ䲻顣
ʱ䣬úõ룡˵뿪ˡ
ʱҲҪú赵顣
ʮ꣬ôͲŮأ
鲻Ҫͷ
˵ļѹ˵Ļ
Ĺ£ȻˮǵģȴҲ˵ռҵ顣ڿ϶ռҳĹӺ󣬸Ǽĺĳ˵һҪ£
˹ôҲǺռ˸
µĻ˵òʹ赣ҲŹˡ
Ϊʵ̫ÿˣ˵Լδ鶯С
ڻ¹Ժ;м档
ܵģȻǱܾˣʱ򣬱Թ˵Ͻ뿪㲻ٺˡ
ôˣץסԼ֣ЦŰ棬û¡
˵Ҫ뿪Ȼļˣ䲻㡣
ԣȴЦ
һֱ˵Լ䲻Լǹȴǿģʹ֪Ǻ߽޵·ƽȺܶ࣬ɲм
ռ˵˼άռ˱޻Ҫ
СҪĶǵòͻˡ濴Źĸ׻ֵġ
ҸĸԪӤڣȻʱ̤ԪӤڣǶĽԨ޴ҲǼ򵥵ġ˵һҪ㣬ǻӲġ
ԣ㲻ȥڣܳеᡣ
˵ţۿˣҪҵĻһҪ뿪
ʵʹЩĸĸһֱ棬վĸĸ
ԣΪµʱ֪Ǵģǻȥ
һֱŬάݱ飬ʹ١

254 ֮

֣ѧԺԼסСԺڡ
ѾһûлˣСԺΧĲľĺܺá
óʳͲˮ棬򶨵ĺ˵ڣһҪȥ
Ҫ˵ߴҲݺҵ˵óѡ
˵ʱұ̽顣ͣҲ֪٣ʵڳڡ
ͻȻ¹Ժһڵңʵǳġ
˹ҵϢ飬նҵ̬ȣǲҡ
Խ룬Խǻ׷ᡣΪжϲңϰ˸߸ϵˣϲԵĸоˣ
ԣҲ뿪Ǹ˵Ը
ѹϢˣȻϣܵԶԶģⱲӶ׷һ
Ҳͳ׵Ļˡ
ʹܶԹûȤôҲٳ˵ǰˡ
˭˭㣿仰ϣҲ¶˼ֵǵ飬Ұɱ
ȷϧ治ܶ
˵ɱҲɱ
û´֪ҺʱأҪȥҵϸϢˡֻ¹ԺĳˣϧЩǶҶҲõĳϣҲĵ
Ͼļڵĵʦ
˵Ժ²Ϊʲôأ
ҡͷԺĻô뵽˵ķӣֱӻҾǣαĥأ

ĲյŹĻ˵ϣ˴̶
ǲ˵˵Ȼֹ
̫˶ˣ˼ֹ棬ҿƶٶȣҲȳ˸졣滹ǵµʱ򣬿˼˺ܶǰսҵ鼮˵һЩս۸
ֻ˵˸ţ˸͸
ʱþȣô֪ġ
ǿһ򶨵˵Щ׿ڸġ
ֻǸԼļ⣬²⵽֮
Ļ֪Ƶʵŵͼıĳǡ
ңҲ˵ٻġ
ΪҪ㣿Ϣʣ֪ʲôˣ
ʶ꣬Ҳ飬Эûٺ˵顣
ڹУ֮⣬ֻ֪жôĿɶԴ
֪ҵҲη飬ѡӱܣȴѹƵǰѵ֪ǹһζķᱻĸĸץסռҵСԺ
ۣƺռСԺЩŮ޵İ
ǲòӸ߰һЩĸĸΪˣȥץЩŮ
ӸҵŮޣҲᱻֱӷ˵Ȼ󱻻ĥȥ
¹гһգҲռҵСԺڣԲŻѵһѹ뿪
͹һǣиΪԺĸ׿¹ԺĳǻչռҲΪһŮӣ׵ĺ¹ԺìܣϾ¹Ժɽ̫ڿֲ
ңռֳ̫ĶҲʲô¡
Ͼ黹ҪӭȢҵʮ߹
ǹĴѾˡ
ⲻҪùҪĥĥе
ôΪʲô˳۱¡ķӺ࣬ˣҲ
˵ңҸվүһ仰ɣ
ͷȻԣ
վүеҺ˵ֶúĺôҲ˵үҲӦ֪ġ
վүõ˵ҺôСղֹѣл𵤡
ֶվүȻҪ
ҾʲôüʵҾռң˵ʲôġ
վүЩѹڵķԸҲԸȢΪռҿ֦ɢҶЩռҵĵλܸߣȻȲϳ
취Щȥܹһӡ˵Ҳ𣿡
̾Ӧòѣ˵ʲôҲĳǣ鱻һӣҲģסһӵġ
һӣͲˡ˵˳˹ڣһзӵġ
ңܱԼóװ˵ҺƿӸ棬˵ٻ
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Ӧ˹󣬸߹ھͻعڣһ顣

255 

ӣĲ㰲ȡ
˽£ҲĽԨ޴˵飬ĽԨ޴Ҫ̤ѧԺĵ̣úõĴ
ĽԨ޴źͬھ˲
ңҲҳ֡ĽԨ޴ľߣ
ֻӵ㹻ʵˣռ˲ûа취
ĽԨ޴ȷߵģҲ׹˵ĻġȻԸɱģǸ˵ˣռ˻ѳڹͷϣԼʹٷŭҲóȻ֡
ΪĻĽԨ޴һѡ˱չأׯȥѧԺĲա
ׯĽԨ޴ȻӦˡ
ĽԨ޴ƹϼصĶǿһܹĿǱͨ޵ߣǿ̫ࡣ
ĽԨ޴æ鲻֪ǳ׵ˣֱ˹ƻˣܵ¹Ժ
ռҵˣ¹ԺҲסԳ̽ģÿνĶ˳
ÿס˵˵ȥô仰ѾòˣǲѾˣֻܸ֣ҵλҪԼȡռҲﵽԪӤľ磬ԣѾòˡ
ÿμʱ򣬶һ⣬ͬͬĸĺӣΪʲô㣬òĿţ˵ʱ񡣵Ƿ飬òһ㣬ͣƺҲ̫ãѾӽˣϸûаӵܸеʡ
Ϲ̫ķҪǱĺˡ
ûպͽ֣Ƕξܾ飬ǳⱲӺ鶼аϵ
ܾ̫ϣ˼˿Ϸ֡
ڼ䣬ϵļŮ޶Ȱ
֪ռҵΪأ˵ܺͺʦ࣡鹫ǳΨһжĸĸԪӤڵĳϣܺ鹫йϵôҲ̤ԪӤڣǰ;
ǰʦʲôأ鹫ңұضĸԸ׷ߡ˭ģĿ⣬ôǷԭأ
ʦܾ鹫ˣ鹫Ӷ˵ˣֻҪúõźңΪռҵ˭ڹڣ˭ռҼ棬ҵ˶˵ռҵİ㲻ǡôͲúõ룬ж˼ͷҪȥڰ
޵߶ԣҪĲʵʵ㻹յ·;𣿡

Щһʮ飬ֻЦ˵ŵҲʮϲʦ㣬ǺʦĹϵôȰȰأ
ľҲȹ̣ҲûдﵽԪӤΪԸͷ޸飬û׼¹ԺƵøҵλӣһ˵õЩȸҲŷⲻĺ𣿡
λͱ˷ʱˣû취ʦȣ
һ䣬Щ˵ɫѿǻ˵䲻ǣֻЦ
ΪѾǽ𵤳ˣǵΪ͹һء
ҪԸǣһ򵥡
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ϲЩ˲ϲȴ޿κεӡ
ҲΪֳĶСǱߺܿ
и˹ͽһġ
ҲΪϹԺʱվԥˡ
и˹ڿ϶չΪ弶ʦ顣
¹Ѿδһ弶ʦˣȻҪһ
Ĵ£¹ԺҪλ弶ĵʦˡ
͹
ףԽԽֵʱ򣬿ܵǰޣϽù뿪¹Ժ˸
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ӣֱᷳõҩ˼ڲŲʵҲŮȥߣԸİ취ЩŮȰȥ顣
Щ˱ǹϸѡˣ˵ʹ
ң֣ܶΪȺ˵ʵ¡
ҪǣмԴŮޣηЩĴڡ
ЩˣȻҲ֪Ӧġ
ڿóļҩʱ򣬱㲻ٹ˼ˣҵ
ϾҲŵҲΪõ壬˺ô֮ۿۣΪһʦĴڡ

256 ֮

㻹ʲôӣߵﶼһȺŮޡ
ЩЩʵͣȻǰȰȥ飬ЩﶼǴײġ
ЩޣҪô飬˲ٳ˵ĻӸȥѧϰ
ЩΪչǸ߸ֻԶ۵ôܵ˵̣
ΪˣѾĺܶҹû˯ˡ
޵磬Ԫʯ˰¡
һļĵҩ޴Ķ
˭ȥֺһδ弶ʦأ
չۼ޲޸飬Ҫǹ£ҲǶĵҩԴҶԸ⹧ά
Ͻ뿪¹Ժɣף޵ί飬̫ˡ
ȻŮǴʱֻܿȰο֪Ҫ˭ȥ𣿡
˭뿪¹Ժ˵һգŮ㲻ܰȡ
ĽԨ޴кơҲ֪Ǵʱܶ飬ѾˣԸźҺúõĽǱҲжˡ
ڹڶˣˣʮֵĿء
ȻĹʹķ׭ʦҲƻƵҩļλߡǱϾķ׭ʦ˲ٵĶˣȻǲСġ
ε̬ȸǹ죬ѾˣƺҲȥ
ҶԣͬĺӣҲǶһᡣ
һңǶ붪ôõһԵ
Ҫȥ̫ˣǺǵĻԵ˾̫ϧˡ
ҪǣҺҶԹ޲ڣ޲ɳ˵лл
ǴʱȻٵĵˡ
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˺ܾãҲ֪ǲġ
Ϊľܾ˾޴ִŮɢ
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Ϊ׭ʦҳԷ׭УⱲԸгһܼԦī
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ʦһܵõīġ˵ʦ֣
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ģǼ졣
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ƸǸ֤չҪİĿһ
ʵ죬ƵİĿȤ
ϧĿֶһģĶ͡ʹ޵Ҫڵ˵İĿҲûгɹΪԼãһķɡ
Щ꣬ҲûٴĿ޵ߵ⣬˭ȥԿġ
ʵ˽£ʹĿɷҪȥڣ
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⼸ʵЩ޴־Ҳǳǵʵܳڹڡȥڣ˷ѹ
ģתĸ׵ĻĸΪ˲̫
˱Ͼ޵ųͻǳڹڣò
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һж˺󣬽Źߵ뿪¹Ժ
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257 

ӹͨڵ·ϣ谭١
ΪסڹڣǱ뱣֤߰˶ڡ
ǹͽﶼļʦһ··ÿǳصʱ򣬶еʦĹºͳӴǡ
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仰ûеġ
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֮׵ռң˵ռҵѾǳϺˡ
׼ҵǳڣҵڸոսϳڡ
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ص˵һң˵ҵʥŮóռռǴݴ½ʥŮġ
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һ˵ֹ߲ϵԪʯҲһеԪʯ

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ڵ͹еˣߵ˺޵ǣѹչ͹еĶ
Ŀ߻ӵĵطһͽҪȥк͹⣬ҪеԪʯˡ
ϾϵԪʯĶóȻڹ͹УȻ˵Ŀ⡣
ԹһҲ⣬ǻеԪʯ顣
еԪʯ࣬ȥ֮ǰڹеǮׯӮһЩԪʯ⣬ջöϵԪʯ߰˰һգһǧŰöϵԪʯǧеԪʯһЩ͵Ԫʯ
ãеԪʯ٣ȥĿһЩҲѡ
Ͼںȫ
ĽԨ޴̤һ̣һǧݵ弶ݣȴ۸񾪵Ŀɿڴ
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Ϊ弶ĵʦ󣬱鵤
ν鵤ʵǿԸϵ޵ѸٲĵҩŵʦľԽߣƳ鵤ҲвͬЧ˵弶ڵĵʦƵ鵤ֻҪűܳһѷĽڵ޵ߣе
ֻҪӵ㹻鵤ôҲʵҲӡ
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о͸ܺˣԼԼ˵ֻλ弶ĵʦֻһλ弶ʦڡ弶ڵĵʦûеġлȴһλڵϵʦֻλʦƢãٻƵҩ
ʦǴﵽһľ󣬶뾡취ȥѰƵҩʱϣҲ˺ܶࡣ
鵤ĸӵġ
ǿԷֳӻģȻӻȴǿԲġ
ӻȻɱϾΪʦ˭ֲҪأ
鵤ĸ˵Ҫһŵӣմ²
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λ鵤ĸûͽܣԴҶϣ
ҲΪ鵤󼸺ҪĹеĵʦвűƵ˶ΣʼЩļڵĵʦҲΪʲô͹յԭ
򰡣̵ĵĽԨ޴һֱĬţ㿪˵ȥȥȥͱﵲס⡣һǵĴţ֪ǹģһȺû¶
ΪĿﶼԿ۹򵽱ҲҪ۹Ⱑ
һм˵ȥưɣĶǻʵĺñⱲӶģ
ĽԨ޴ʮֵ񣬵ǹȴ⡣
קĽԨ޴ڣĽԨ޴һ̤˵̡
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ȥưɡżȻˣ࿴ңȷҪһЩݡ
˿˺ֺ̣ܶܶû취֡
һֱҹĻٵʱĿвٵ˶ŸСڵ·ˡ
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һС߶µվдĿʮŵʯ£һСľ˵ľ
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ΪԪʯôװòĺȱԪʯȥżʣżȱһʲĺӣ
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żĶ¯μ⣬˼ǣСҲȥ
Сߵͨ죬ȴҧ˵ľϴĶǻĻΪĹԡ
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ҪĹͣûҸһľ
ĹıľΪ˶õͨ𣿡
ʵĿÿնͬݣҿˣҲϰˡ
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259 

СԵЩһ仰˵ļ䲻Ķľ
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һһöΪΧ˳Ц̫ˣС޵ͨ죬ʹЩǷذһÿһ䶼ҪգɶסЩһöϵԪʯ
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ԣ˵Ҽǵãʱ˵ֻҪʮϵԪʯأ
ɲǣҲǵ飬ҵ˽Ҵˣ
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СﱻЩŵĴҴһ£Ԫʯͷ˵û˵ѣģ
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260 Ǵǰ

йλڻʳڣһй
˵ʦϲ֣ǰǹʦݣ뿪ʳˡ
ϲԾסйڡ
й֮ǰѧԺǽѧϰĵطΪž飬ѧԺ˻ʳڣ˽ӽеĳɽΪѧԺѧԺҲǹѧԺҴ󲿷ֶǵ޵ߣ˫޵޼˫޵ߣҲб
ʮ߹ѧԺѧϰ
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̺ľϵȥˣԪҲõѡ
֮ǰ˵ֺңڹһЩ󣬱˰취ֿζһֱڿռָ
ȥ˳óԼƺõ˲ˮһЩɹͺҹȥýͽ¥˵ʱɤӡ
¥ñٹȵ꣬ٻЩʳ
ԴѦʧѦҵʳһһ갺ζҲѳԡ¥𽥵ģҲûʲôڸ֮
Թˮ͸ɹĵʱ򣬽¥ҲδֻЦŵͷûж⡣
СԺջﲻ󣬵ǱϾеĵ̣ΧĽ綼ļʦӳֵģֹܸܷ͵
ʳǾһֱʵĻʦ𣿡
ǳ仰¥ضΪ˼
仰ǽʳģ¥֪¥ڵʲô
ټݴ½ֻһ߼ĵʦĹĹʦ硣
츳ԼߣԱʥŮĵδȻͽܡ֮һ·񣬳Ϊݴ½ԪӤ֮һ
ΪΪʱʮᣬòһֱͣʮꡣ
粻ڣԶԶĿȥǸꡣ
ǵžͻִʱ򣬻˺硣˲֪ⳡ˵ĺأʱѾڵʦҲһ١
ƣʹȥˣҲûг׵Ȭ
ҲΪʲôαչأһչرǺܶԭ
ﵣģ䡣
ʦ֮ǰȻżʺִǵͼʦԸ߼ʦӹǹɳݣҲĵġ
˶ϣֱھ˸ҲвϣƳ׵Ȭ
ǵĺġ
ķӡȷɶˣͼλԶԶĿ˵ǣ淢ʲô¥˵ʱҲ̲ס̾һʵҲ㣬оٰᣬǲģ
ȻеĳϣֲֹһϣҵĹʦҲеĳϡ
Щ˵ǰʲôģ˭Ҳ֪
ᣬЩȻǵͽȴˡ¥˵ƼǼιˡ
йڶҵˣйڣضҲмϸˡ
¥ЩʵѾ˵˵ȫˡ
йȻǺʦĹйڵˣȴѾǴǰˡ

261 ʳ

ʦǸôϲҲʵ޵ߣĹƺΨ֡
Զйˣôȥ
Щᰭںʦţʲô
źʦѾϢԽԽǵ˽ҲʼԼʹ֪йҺңûлҵǾԲģЩΪ֮ĵ·棬ѾйĹˡ
¥뵽Щֻܰ̾һ
˲Ϊ
ЩʲôȴԸһ
¥Ŀһŭһյȫޡ̧۱㿴һĲˮҪˮڵĲͷŭ¥ոմ򿪲յȴһĵľϵζ
ǼľϵʹڷֱʱּСʶܸоҿ϶ˮĴ
¥΢΢һһڲˮ
ЩΪйҵĳϣҲ˲͵裬һһʲôòҶҲ͵й¥˲ٵĲҶȴвҶյһоκʡ
ɼƵҩᴿ棬Ǹĸ֡
ˮ˱ǣҪǣ֮˾ûζ
Ϊˮ̺ζý¥ʮ⣬Щ鲻ԽһЩĲ㡣
⡭Ԫң¥һཿСĺң˼ΣȻʳѵ֪Ԫʲô𣿡
Ԫ֮ԽпԪңΪĿɬ֮θʹûζˣú󶼻θʡ
ʵҲеʦҪÿԪƳɵҩ඼ʧˡ
Ԫҵȷ̺˶ôأ
￴ԪҵʱʵҲ΢Щȡ
뻹ʣǾòˮԪң
˵ʹó˾ˣҲûһҪȥ԰ɣҲûʲô
˶Խ¥¥϶Ҫġ
⻰ǽ˵ģּϷŹ׼ĲˮȷԽ¥Ҳԥˡ
̧֣ССĿԪҡ
ԪڹŨĵطвٵǿ˺ܶ࣬ҿԪǹ̺ľϵĹʵҺ÷õľϵ۸񶼲͡
¥üͷųŰһԪҵʷŽ
ִ࣬һɵι
ý¥þȵǣûаɬζ
⣿¥ʽһЩȴͻȻͣס˻ǳװԪҵʶŽ
ľϵǻһĿǻ˸к𽥵Ľ˵;ڡָоʮֵЩľϵ͸Ķһû˿Ĳʺϡ
ôģ¥һԪ飬ʳĹʣûпζ׺ա
ǹĸɹ۸һ͡
Ѧ׼ĸɹ͵ĺ͹׼ĿԪұƺһЩ롣
ĵ˵ͷҺ˵Ӻͱǲһģ

סСԺĳ󣬺ڽ׼˲ٵʳģԹ˰˲һ
лһЩ޵⣬ɸѡġ
֮ǰ֮ǰƵġ
ѲȺ;ƶȥʱֻĴڣЩǽ塣
¥ͽϣǵĽ¶ѻŲٵĿԪҿǣЦʮֵĲá
΢΢һŻͽ¥һʳ
һʳ¥õʮ⣬ľ˹ƵľƵʱ򣬸ֱͷ
Ĳ¥ѯʹôģ
ԪҵĿζôģвҶľϵôģЩأôŪġ
¥һ˺ܶ⣬һһˡ
ʵƵҩˣӦö֪Щַ
ֻƵҩˣ඼Ըһ˱ٹȵȥоЩʳһǰһͨˣϲʳʹôȥˣҲ˱ٹȵȴȥоЩζ
ԣǲܳԵʵĶȷһź
ھơ
ƵҪûôߣȴǸƹ
ӣնˣڹҲϲоµƣԲûղ
ҪѾļĵʦҶҪܸѦ϶ˡ¥̲ס̾գʹȥѦҵľ¥Ҳһġ
ûгѦգѦĲȣҵǳ
ҾĶѹѦ϶
ڽ¥ԣߵˡ
¥˵⣬ɵĿڣ˿ڶ̣˵ʦ֣㲻ٱʾʾ𣿡

262 

¥ɻ󣬡϶һӣҪʲôֱ˵
ЦȻŽ¥ı˵ҼǵΪйҵĳϣÿһ궼Դȥйס¡ڼ䣬ȥ˲ֹңԷйһЩ鼮
֪ͽڶ࣬ʮֵ֣Ҳǻ˽ˣ
⺢츳ڣҲȡᣡ
¥Եȷԥˡ
Ϊйĳϣÿ궼һܴһȥйڷص鼮ҡ
йҵķӡǺʦģԻܸݺʦµĶĦһЩĵáʦĹߣ˭ҪͲϲ֣ЩһͽܶûС
˽˵ܵõʦһָ㣬ôͻͽ
仰ûпʡ
ȷ
¥Ҳ˺ʦĵ㲦ܽ弶ʦľ硣
ʦڱչصʱйĳ˵αչصʱԶ࣬ǺǱǸÿһһйѧϰʹйҡҡȥڡֻǣϲ֣ĶסĵطЩﶼȥۿ
Ǻʦм˵ķʽϾͷ˶ԸԼĵõġ
йһأ滹һЩںʦԽ޵⣬ͷҲĽȥ
֮ȥй̫࣬Ҳκ˶̤ġ
ҡҡصȵȵط
ôȥˣҶúʦѾˣȻƻأҲʼС¥ôԼʮֵعأû
ǣĹվ˽ĵġ
ȻϣѸĻԼͽܣˡ
¥ĬãվһĹһʱſʹַʽ㶼㲻ʹְ취ʲôأ
ﱾΪ¥ܾˣȴ뽭¥ʳôһ⡣
⡭
ЩĵĿŹý¥ֱӾܾ˺á
弶ݣƳ弶ĵҩһļĵʦôַ֪ʽأʹ֪ҪķûֹȻãˣңãǹһ㣬ô¥ضҽھܾ
ˣ˽ġ
㶣Ц˵ᴿķʽһˮơ
ļܺã˵ЩķʽſھڼԼĿ˵ЩطĹڷĻʵԸ򵥡ýﾪȵǣ˵ᴿķʽ֣ܶÿ޵ߵҪҩЧҲÿ˭á
˵ϸ¥Ҳ¡
ڼ䣬¥ƺԼΪѹ˺ü⡣
ý¥ǣ˺ܾö벻׵⣬Ȼֱӵˡ
˵ֱӣû˿˽Ͳó¯Ը¥ˡ˽¥һЩԼСϣʮֵĳġ
ڼҲһЩԼɻҪ̤弶ʦľ磬ܾнڣô߲ȥ
¥˵̹ϣҲһһĽ⡣
һֱ˵⣬Ѿ˽Ĵڣ˵ΪʲôҪ̸ˡ
󣬽¥޲ʹŹй뿴ŹôᴿһЩҩݡ
£һȥͰ죡¥ڽ£ԼվĹļĳ˵ʵ˽ģҸѻСͽܡǣȲ㣡
룬ԣܿͻڣʱܳΪ弶ʦ
ԣʱչҵСͽܣǰѸĻˣ
СͽܲĵʦҼʹȥйҲһ̤ļʦľ硣
¥룬žøðѻ
һΪǸ֪жˣᣬôԼжҲԼСͽܡ
Ϊϧġ¥Ϊĵʦ̫ˣҹܶ뷨˼ǰӲҳԵƫƫģľˣˣǰ;ضԣƹһѣû׼߳һ·
Ǻʦˣô֮㣬Ҳռһλӡ
лʦȡᣬȻܿģʦҵĶ飬Ҷϵġ
ϾǿйĹλʦ̤ĵطĶÿһȥ֪ġ
ҪǣǱߵңð˽סľ׵ĻΡ
ʱսֶһݣΣķĹڣҲ˲ٵİȫС

263 סȥ

ҹ¥뿪ʱ򣬹˲ٵ衢ɹƸ¥
¥ЩҲ߲ܡ
罭˵ڵľܲȹ̣ʹ弶ĵʦǻкܶ弶ҩȫܴġŵʦԸȻҪƳе弶ҩҪľϵ
Ҳò˵ĲƷڶζġ
Ƚ¥˺󣬽ŶԹ˵йڵĸ̫࣬һҪСģ
й͵ʵҲЩһˣ˼죬һҪʦ˭Ҫţ
ʵҪùȥйҲԥ˺ܾãǾ˸ȡᣬùȥ
ĹĵʦԣйһʥأЩһĵطȻȴÿ˶лȥйģԼṳ̂طڵ
ͽ¥ʶйȥ
˶ڴԣйڵ̫ĻԵǺʦµʱġ˶ԣҽ¥˽ºͽ˵ȷ¡
ʦǸȴһˣµʱ򣬵ȷЩСϲйڵˡ
ʦ֪˵ͷһСġ
ºеҲ࿪ʼˣʱ᳡
һ׼
һߣ¥µٶȼ죬Сͽӹȥй
ĽԨ޴һЩ飬ֺƺ˵ԼҪȥй󣬲ŸŽ¥Сͽһȥй
ǵľĵʦΪʦСҶ۰Сʦܡ
Ž¥˵ҪѻʱȻЩģȴҲû̫Թԡ
̫ˣʹȥйڵҲֱߵļʦľ硣ȥˣôʱʹΪ弶ĵʦҲܰﵽԼࡣ
룬źͽ¥˵ҪԼӹ
޳ϣԼĿգʦãҷը¯
ٻʦãҲûзǰ˵ԼĿա
ûΪйڣϤй˰ԼҲԼ٣Ӱ쵽Լ
ٵĿգһһ
ֻ޳ٶȼ죬ٸ⣬޳㵽й⡣
йλڻʳڵһɽϣ޳󣬱㱻ǰƶķݾƬʧ
ò˵йĽʮ˼ΧŲٵͩЩͩΪ棬Գĸľ޴󡣵ЩͩʵǺͨƷֻ֣й꣬Բٶ̺
йΪڵ
Խ˽϶࣬Ҫ̤ڵȴѡ
Ҳ˵ڵ̫ĽڵǺʦסĵطλסطԶһɽչصĵط
ɽĸۿɼƯڿռ׭ǳװɽУֹ̤롣
˽£ټŲԶķ׭ͣʵɽڵܽʵ۷Щ׭󷨣ȴʵġ֮ǰЩ׭ϵĹâʢΪʦ˿ˣЩ׭Ҳٵ
ٺͽ¥һԺʦأһ·ûٺ͹𺫴ʦ¡
ȵ˷Һٲóһľݸƣºͻ᳹׵ʧʱͲܵйڵˡ㻹ȥߣľͨơ
ҷź˵ҪעĵطһҪǵãǲǵãҡ
ľùֶε
ͷлʦ֣
û£ˡٴʱҪԹСϣԼûº󣬾뿪ˡ
еľƣɵࡣ
ûĻľɵӣ̺˼صľϵȻľ磬ǱϾľڹڵļ۸Ҳ͡
йȴĶݵơ
ڰڷŵݣ֪ǽ¥ĸĶҲûƴǡ
رҵĴź󣬲ŴӿռָóľȻҧ׼ȥ
δü㿴Сʹ󴦱Q
С˵㣬̫ˣɽһ
ŨйڣСûޱȵ泩
ʣ˴ʦ𣿡ͻȻһСŵֱӱӣɪɪ
ڡüԼйϢƺҲ̫ˡ
˭飬ֻˣ

264 ܾ

ΪҪйԽҪúõʰ¡
ڽͽܵòĳɫǴȴĿ
궼һصŰƷ󣬿ԼʹĲ⣬ҲûΡһͷںϺõĶӣϧƺѹûע⵽㣬ֻó߸ߵ𣬷ζޡ
ﻹ˹һöӣķùúõĴ¡
ϾǻҵĵϣйˣҲһϵķԴһˡ
ԣ˹Ρ
ϲһ̫ķϣϾǰƲ¶ҲòҪΪʾʹҪ޵磬ٺÿıʯҲһ͵Ԫʯãϲ׸
ǽϾʦԽĻˡ
һ˿ɵ°ɫȹŴٴŵǽ֮ǰĽԨ޴͸ӺΪηݣǼɫ֬ΣԹһЩ࣬ûڴ϶˷ʱ䡣
ڹԣƤȻеʱΪһ㷽㡣Ǳ𷽱㣬׸ȴǶࡣ
Ʃڡ
ҵŵʱ鿴Ĺȴ΢΢һ
Ȼͬͬĸ׽ܣòȴ̫ࡣ治˵ʱ͸¶ŶǾӷǣ׶ԼĸҪйء飬ȴ˵ӣ˵ʱǴƤһ͸֧ӡ
һĵλˣǲ࿴һ۵ġ
£òйȻԸ˷ʱ䣬ֱӿѯʡ
ع񣬿Ź飬ڴһǺǻһ˵ͷû£ҾͲ𣿡
ûлشǼ
̧ͷڣЦǲ֪йҲּұõңĶȴҲֻǸͼұԶˡ
йļңֻ󷨶ǺʦԼӳֵģֻлҵĳϲã
ңҲǳõġֻйĳϺ͹֮ſã
˵Ź΢΢һ䣬ң´ȥֺңǿԴȥ
˵ֺ˫ޣɱ
޵磬ʵϵãڴ˶ԣҪǵԴݡȵȵᣬҪģЩ겻ŮΪΪԼ塣żңľ⡣
ôΪһȥأ䣬ͬ˵˺ܶΣҲһģ
ЩԾ㵽˹ڣҾܾң
ѵ֪˭𣿡
֪֪˭Ҿܾʲôϵأһߣһǧ֮ı飬ٲΪ֮ǰܹݰɣ
üѵǣ
ʵ飬˵ĴҪĸ˵ҵʲô鵤ҩʱáŶõ壬ĸĸӣ֮Ҫ뿪ĸǲ
Լľ壬ԸճʱҲҪ۸С롣
ȴһС룬ȴͻȻΪڣҾ绹ʮֵȹ̡
ͻȻףΪʲôĻĸĸˣ
ϾСֶͻɹˣȻΪڣĸĸҲϣߵĸԶ
壬Ǿջ𣬡㵽Ҫʲô˷ҵģ
Ԫʯݣüô˲֪ô
˵;ίҺòȰĸףͬΪ檣
ʵԹ˲
վļڵĵʦջΪ弶ĵʦҲĸΪʲôͬ⣬ҵԭ򡣵ĸ״ӹģϾǹ޵ߣǸƧˡֵطˣһǴȥġ
ҲҪȥĸͬˡ
ǡĻЦ˵˶ٴΣҲܼ޸㣡
˵ˣýȢ̧ӭȢţҲͬģ
ΪȢ̧ңѹҪ̧٣ΪҺ㣬Զаϵ
û飬͸Ͻ뿪ɣ
鱻ĻĿɿڴδ˵ľܾ档
㡪֪ô
Цһ飬ȻҵĴš
Ѹٵε󷨣ǳ׵ĸˡ
ʵҪĶûеòġԣȤҲᱧűõ뷨
綼Ҫ飬ûҪá

265 

ȻֻǱֺңڹԣȴǼõĵط
ѸٵķľٻСľϵһʱ䣬ľͱĵһ롣
Сߵıɫԣ֪ǰҪˡ
Ͻóҩ֭ҺɫεСȥֹһʱĳ¶Ŀ
˵ͱС̫࣬γΪһԼʮʮߵ꣬һɫĳۣͷȴǵĻɫü仹Ҷӡǡ㣬ü۸ʱ򣬹ȻҲɫ
㣡˿ڣ㻽˹һ䡣
Щ㵣Ϊ˵ͱ˲٣ǰ˱ϾСػߣԶĳƺҲǸСġ
ţ԰ʵ𣿡
УСѹûܰҡͷֱ˵ҽС磬ͽС
СǸ־յģѹ֪ζʲôȻ⣬ǰ˱ϾͺС࣬˵ҼȻСΪ㣬ҲŽհɣ
ҹСã

ʲô֣
˼Ȼ˵ˣҲû˵Ļǵ˵ͷֱѯʰ˿ռ顣
˺͹ͣʵһ˵ػߣǵûŨƤȴ˴ֲڡ԰˺ˣ˵ǰ˱ˣ˵ǻౣ
˿Խ˵˿Բڰ˵ڡ
Ϊһ̫Ũľϵ޵ִǿǳݵĵʦЩ޵Ƕץ˸ʦǲȡʦǵĸȡҩ
Щ޵Ǵץ߰˺ˣݴ½Ѿûмˡ
˵ϡ٣ô˸ټ
˲ϲȺӡ
׵ֻ˵ıϧ˲ܻεʱսҲ޵ġ
ҲΪʲôԭ
С̧֣Ź֣ʮָۣ㣬ҴȥСռ䣡
һ䣬Сռڡ
ΪСոջΣԴĿռ䲢
ΪޣֻܽһһСԺԺڻδֻݣЩԼϲġС˵ԺԱߵĵأЩɫԲԪʯֻΪûԪʯԲ٣ҶǵͼԪʯ
СЩźĵ̾ԪʯôԲ߼ԪʯҲ٣
ЩɫĵأݡΪľϵԣٶȼ죡
С½½͹ССĿռ䣬ͣһСϪ
СϪʵ̫СˣȪۼûʲôʵˮֻżðһЩЩˮõģϧ㣬ԡϪˮ࣡
ʵС͹˵ģǰ˵ܡ
ĵطչ¶һС綼Ź
Сռ䣬ʵҲһ忿츳ĶСؾ
ŹСŹֵʱ򣬵Ҳ˹һʱܵԿס
ʹС͹Сûг֣Ҳʱ
ֱСȥ͹Сǹطġ
ѾܺˣЦóһЩݵӣ˻ɫڣЩݽԪݣǿԸﲹġأ
ó˼ź󣬲С͹ССԺڡ
СԺӵȷԺһżССǹСı塣
óŸ߼ԪʯڹСı£óһЩ֭ҺڹСĸСѸٵĳɳ
ЩóһЩƽʱռָﲻܱ֪ĶСԺں󣬲뿪ռ䡣
СոջΣֱó̫̲ƷʱС綼˰˯״̬ʼ
Ϊ͹СС綼ԼʵͬʱҲ˲١
˼ŵҩ󣬲żʼ
ڼ䣬һֱľ
ƿڵʱȥ﷭鼮
йڵ鼮ǹδģЩ鼮д̫£ҲǷ˲żġ
йӣС͹СԼŬߵ˽𵤺ڡ
˽𵤺ں󣬿Χ˼άĿƺҲʼת䡣
ʱκʱ򶼿
ϲʦãӹʱҲ˹ʵ˽𵤺ڣȻΪ˽𵤺ڣ
̫ˣ
ʱٲòԺٶȡ
ʱûнһͨ衣
лʦ֣ٵлʦֺʦָĺá
̫ˣٺ͹һ˵ȻʦøߣҴȥҡ
룬ŽͣռҴ̫̫йˣ
ռҴ̫̫ĸס

266 ɮ

ڹڶ꣬ʱڻʳڣȻ֪ռЩжôͰԵ
Ͼʵ˵ĵطʹܶ˲ϲռˣȴ޿κΡ
ռҵʵ̫ǿټĹҲֻкʦѹס
ʵ꣬˵ռҵ޸ʦϧȴ֮
ȻǺɢˣǵóŻŨҵĵطȥּ˵ʦд֣ȥһӣռҴ̫̫뿪ˣȥ
ʵռҴ̫̫ǳ˭ģ𰸲Զ
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ĹĵʦһϣгһգԼܵ٣ΪҲʽ̤弶ʦľ硣
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ڵĹʵ״̬ã֮ǰ¥ͽﶼδ߹Ҫõҩ
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270 

ϧŹΪ弶ʦϢԽԽ㣬ռҴ̫̫ҪټΪѹûôˡ
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272 Ż

ΧվŵˣﲻߵߣվڲԶռҴ̫̫
鵤ĳͼϰĳ棬ϾǸ츳ĵʦڵĴʹ˭ԼأȻԲ۶ȺһƣֱӰԼӷ׵ļȥˡ
վԶǰһĻЩĿɿڴ
ЩʵƽʱˣϾ弶ĵʦǸʦЩ˼ΣǶҪ֪ǵ˭
鵤λϣ˵ҪĵʦȱȽǣϧλȴԳӲãܼͣ
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ٲ֪ôݣλһԲ˳˳Ĺ˹ǰ棬ȻЦˮĶԹ˵˴ʦ鵤ĳϣ鵤͵ʦṧϲɹĽΪ弶ʦġΣС
һ˵ţһߴóһݸ弶ʦƣ鵤ǳͨ裬滹ܴϵԪʯ
˵ռģ˴ʦҲûӦҪȥ鵤ôô
ǣ߿ɱĶˣ˴ʦ˵׼ʮ弶ݸ㣬ݵҲ׼ˣͣЩģ
Ҳ׼ˣ˴ʦ߰ɡ
һ춯ռҴ̫̫Ҫվǰ͹˵ѹûλӡ
ռҴ̫̫ЩջҪʩѹЩ뿪Щ˵󣬶дġռҵڱչأΪСȻȥڣòá
ټЩʵڼ̫ˣεǰ˵ʦøոճҪúõϢҲЩɣ
СʲôȹЩӣȥҹ˴ʦ
ǣ˵ɣΪ˴ʦ˶Լ𣿡
Ϳǽ˶Ϊܼ𣿡

Щ˶پһʹٲǵ࣡ϾǹʦҪȱƣȻλҲͣſߵҵ档Ҳһ˿죬Ͼڶ̶ʱƳ¯弶ҩ弶ʦݴ½ҲҲ
ȡʱȺĺӵĿ
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Щŭȣ˵ʱƺһԶС
ܼһڵĻӹүڶ࣬λŻӹȴŹġ
ŻǵľóڶʮһάòһʮʱΪļʦܵʦĵ㲦δΪ弶ĵʦ
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ҾȻԸľԺʰסɼҶôع
΢Ҳоһ˿죬ȻһֱʦʵѾ˼λ¸صʦ˵弶ڵĵʦս弶ʦˣƳĵҩ
ôЩĵʦûסľԺΪʲôҪɹסľԺأ
ʹǲ³Ҳû˸˵ʲô
ϾĻңǲԸǵġ
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ľһȪʮʺϸʦָ
֪߲ƣȴҲ֪㲻ЦŵͷлŻӣȻԸ⣡

273 ໥̽

ĶԹЦӱƶ֮ˡ
ЩƣĹŻʳȥֺ͹˵˻ʳڵ顣
̬飬ȴŲٵ̽
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˵ЦȻȲϰ˿ռڵȪȴҲ
˵Żڿɫ
ԣһ̵ܽӣҴǰڹʱ򣬱˵ľлҲҡ
ΣöлŻˣǾŻӣҲݲôõȪ
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274 Ȫ˿˿а׼Ӹ1

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Сû˵Ǳ۾˳Ĭ
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275 

ò˵Ȫˮ̺ҩһɵԪ˾ˬ
Ƶҩķ˲ٵȪʱ𽥵Ŀʼָ
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ѩһӴȴһɵϡٵ
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Ĺ̫ۣҲǵò˵йߡ
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Զ

276 

ps:Ӹ죬ҪϢ

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Ÿ˵ģ׻㲻ʮ߹üͷһҲ޸飡
㶼֪ӣûбȥʳҡĸͬ˵Ҫռֵ̫Ӳ˵ҳҪ޵ռҡʮ߹˵ţżַŭҲȢң⡣
ҺʱƭˣŻԱ˵ʱһԶӣԼȴһΣҴӦ㣬޸飬һ޹ȥġ
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عҪʱǰѾû˹Ӱӣ

277 ƾ

Ҳȵʧ񣬶Ϊ˵Ļ̫ؼˡ
ײŻ磬Աͨ޵߸̫࣬ϻ۵ӺԽվ˸ߵλϡվڸߵλϣҲҪԸ˵ۺĿ⡣
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ǡãҵһЩͣ͵ԭ
ܵ˵ʦΪ弶Ƴĵҩ֮Իᱻ鵤Ҳԭġ鵤ﲻֹһ˿ԪԪıУ󲻺ãôͻΪ谭ʦɳİʯ
ԣԼ弶ĵҩץһ˿ϣȻһЩ
û˵ȫΪ֪üֵ֮ŲΪ
ʮ߹ĵ׸磬ʮ߹ԣе˶֪ҪȢʮ߹ҵȷҲ£ϧʮ߹ȴǲԸģ˵ʮ߹ˡ
۰ãȻҪʮ߹
ڰڷõĻᣬȢ˹ùޡ
ʮ߹£ͳ׵ˡ
ʹռ׹ϵҲԲõϵĹȥҵģҲǻԼϡ֪ԼȻѾ弶ʦˣʵϳռңڰĵҲ١ûҪҪԼˡ
ǸˣҲ֪ôѡ
ʹҪʮ߹ڹ˵һЩܰľϺȻҲԥһӡ
ǹϢĻᡣ
Ĺû;ֻ֣Ҫһֱϸϸȥһ죬ѰҵԼҪĶ
ʱѹûȥ׷תұȥ֪ŵǷ׶Լûá
Ϊû׷Թߵļ˳
ǰյʦѾ弶ʦƸʱŵʦ취ƣΧڿƺ󣬶¶˹̬ȡ
ڹڣߣ𵤡ԪӤ繷
Ҫĵҩ弶ʦɣԼʹΪȹߵԪӤ棬ڼʱĿҲ˼𾴡
Сʦãڻʳ˳ϽǰקŹ޳
ҵþˣ˵ἴҪʼˣҹһĿᣬҪȥ𣿡
㶣ʲôмĿ᣿
ټ֪ԭû˸߹Ŀ顣
ĿʵҲоٰģǼĿȴģٽͣʵμӼĿˣĿֻЩ˲üٻĿᣬڼĿûκμٻ
ǡ˵ֶһ٣ûмٻȴûдƷ
Ŀ֮ԽмĿᣬʵԵľǸ˵Ŀ⣡
ȻĿϻЩҩģҪżʦҪĵʦûֻᣬĿҲУ
ƩҵүĿϺܶˡ
üүôǵãϳˣ
ԣүΪһŮӣͰҶˣѹⶼǴԣʵү͹ʦϹϵԣҲǺͰûг׵Ķϵɣ
ԣǺ棬үĿᣬΪʺϵı⵹ǣ˵ҵʦ޸ٶҲǺԺǣⵤԾӡ
үӣѾ˯ʮˡ
ǳ꣬᳹׵ȥ

278 Ԫʯ

үΪŮڼֵ췭ظΪŮӵѪҺѪҺ
ϧŮֲ壬ҲجΣȫ˸ûĶ԰үʱҲѹûз֣ŲһѪҺ
ʵѪûиŮ̫ĺôΪجΣڻþڡ
үΪ뿪˰ңװ޺¡
ٺ飬ǰүñ׷ӡס˵Ҳû취ѡ
Ůǳʲô飬˭Ҳֻ֪֪үһֱȥĿᣬҪҵʦ޸һŵ
Ƶҩʵ黹ð죬ϾĵʦҪ޸ȴѡ
弶ݣֹϰ֣ӵַǶൽۻҡԽǸ߼ĵԽ޸ôʹٵʦҪæҲ
ȥưɣ԰ʮȤȥү
ңȥĿϿʲôģ
ֻǹû̫ԪʯˣûؿջȥУҪһЩҩ
еƹڵ֪ʱֱ֪ͨĽҵˣ˸СԺӿʾЩҩжԸչ
ΪһʱҪ˶ĵҩҲ빺ߡ
ĽˣǺĽԶϵĽСүĽϡ
ĽϺĽԶĺƣ˸ġ
Թ̬ȺܺãǸ˺ļ۸񣬱гۻҪһЩ
֪ĽĽʵҪ£ϵҲûоܾĽҵʾãǵͷͰĽү˵İ죡
ãĽϱΪ͹⣬ʮֵĸӣȴ˵ˬ죬ûжʹӦǵ
Ͼ弶ĵʦ£
ЩҩĽүŸ۰ɣóһЩҩݸĽϺִóһɫĴƿﻹŹһ𻻳Ԫʯɣ
ĽʵǳŹģûпڣƺ֪ʲôˣֱˬóʾǡ
Ľһ˫۾ĴģˬʵЦл˴ʦ
ˣƹĶµŵҩȥ۸ĽϣĽүĽôˣ
ĽԶȥ˹м㲻ĽԶҲ˹ȥһֱڻʳڣʶûǵϢ
ܺãҲܺáʵĽԶȻĽϵĳʵڼĵλȴǱĽϵ˺ܶ࣬ռĹĽӦöĽԶֱ
ǹĽԶʱ򣬶ĽԶĽ壬ֻ̣ĽҲŹУٺʹǰһƽνݵλ
ĽǰЩӻź˴ʦ˵ǵ㲻æˣҪȥǱأĽϼ˵ҲһЩ˵ǱߵزǰЩѾ͵סĿջ
λȥƷˣ
ʵռҷìܵʱĽ̬ȣҲܹ졣
ĽҴ󲿷ֳ϶ΪҪ͹ƲϵϾռλڣǸʮֲŮˣʵҲʮֵ
Ľʱȴվ˵ٵȵȡ
ΪĽϴĽԶź￴ڹٵ飬̫ó漣ˡ
ڹĹҲΪǷȴߵڣÿζܻΪġĽĻ룬û׼ιҲܺʹǰһ
ĽǼĵүҪ䡣
һЩĵʦҲվĽͳһսߣĽҵĳǲͣˡ
֤Ľϵȫûģ
Ϊ弶ʦĽ˹ڲټĹϵռҶ˹˼Ŀŵвȹ
үʱƹ˳óһЩҩۺһǰʮϵԪʯ
ֵʱ򣬻΢΢һ
۸߳Ԥϵ̫ˡ
Ȼ󣬿ǹҲвٵ弶ʦԪʯȴ󲻵ĵҩ
ĸ߹ʵÿж˲ٵĵʦƩҲĵʦ
ǾЩĵʦȴҲ֪
Ͼ㻹δ׵̤ĽؼȦڣܶҲǿ۲˵вŵ֪ġ
ĽԪʯݸֵл͹˴ʦ⡣
ãҪԪʯĽϵʾãҲûоܾǽĽϵݹԪʯ
ĽϺ͹ֺһᣬ뿪С
ȹһߣµ̲סˣĽ˵үǲūΪʲôҪ˶Ԫʯ
øġĽϵû뵽ŵĹ£ܸ߼۸
µĸϽֱ棬ȷǸøģҴȥЩҩ

279 ʦͽ˿˿а׼Ӹ2

ĽȻµΪʲôҪԼȥǱµİקȥ˵ҡ
Űڷϵƿƿ޹ޣ΢΢һ
Щǹ˴ʦĵҩһĵҩǼƷģµۿ΢죬ԵʮּļĵҩҲǼƷģ
ү֪һƳ˼ƷҩˣǺʦ
ĽΪеСүȻ֪ʦҪƳƷĵҩֹҪʮʵҪв
ǹЩҩƺڸǣֻҪԸ⣬ƳƷҩļʣܵС
ȷǷ˼
˴ʦոսΪ弶ʦѾƳһöƷĹˣǲµļĽ˵ƷĹ
ټڣƷ֣ٵĿ
⼸ʮϵԪʯܸ˴ʦӡôԺеĵҩ㲻÷ģ
ĽϵĿڲԶİʯƳɵϣʵЩһͶĵҩȷǲ۵ġڷǰĵҩ飬Щȣ̲סĳһ
һʦһƳٵҩĽ֪ġ
ǹóĵҩĿʹĽҵ弶ʦһ꣬Ҳﲻ֡
̫࣬ƷҲ̫ˡ
ʵ׬ˣµļĽϲ˵ֵǱ߹ҲҪӹ˴ʦǼ۸ûǳĸߣôǸ
µҪ£ںĽԸһЩȥջ
ϵǰ㣬һؿջеĹ±˹
ΪջеĿջǵõϢٶȣȻ˸졣
еĹº͹˰󣬱˵⣬ҪеĹ
һЩУϢп϶ʱųȥԹ˼һ£ҲеĿŹ
ڿҩ¶οЦݡ
ֻиļ۸񣬺бվЩġ
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Ҳǿ󣬶Цŵͷ
Ҳᣬе˼Ŀ˸մӹߵõ˵ҩԶԹ̬ȼãϸĺ͹˵˼Ŀ顣
˸Ǳʾ޳͹ȥĿĳ
ûоܾĺ⣬˵ͷͬˡ
ΪĿҹԹҪ׼һױݡ
ʱڣȥ˽ĽԨ޴
ĽԨ޴ͽﶼĲãʱ鲢ãɫЩ㲡
Ц˵ͺã
ϲ㣬Ϊ弶ĵʦˡ
Խ񣬡ʦͽĻԵȻͽҲΪ弶ĵʦ
֮䣬ôף˰֣ͬĻˣֻǸ٣ٻǸңҲδܺһ˴ĻԵ
ܳΪ弶ʦԼı¡
￴ްҲһʦǽ̲ʲôˣ
һΪʦΪʦʵͺܸм仰˵ޱϡ
˵仰Цŵ˵ͷ
⺢ӣȻûʧ
꣬Ϊ͵λʦˡ˵޵ߡǰЩ꣬Ϊ˵õõԴʦߵĵʦȱȽǡ
ҲΪЩͽܵı飬˵ʦڽͽܵʱ򣬻ܶ֡
ͽѧԹʦ
ʦȴһͽܡ
ʦͽϵʮֵĹ졣
ﲻϣԼ͹ҲΪĹϵڽ̵ʱѹûа˽ĸҲлرģһֱ𾴡
ֻӽΪ˹ûٱԴʱԵЩƣ
͹˵˻Ự󣬾ͻϢˣûȥĿᡣ
Ƚ뿪ĽԨ޴վԼǰԶŮһЦӭ
ţ˲ٵĽԨ޴Ҳ֪ͽﵣˡ֪ĽԨ޴ҪĹػΪܶ飬Ҫ
Ц˵ȻҪȥĿᣬҪһȥ𣿡
˵Ŀϻбʯͱۣ
ĽԨ޴ǸǳЦģѩڣ΢
ã
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸺˸ƺźʾԼܰȫ󣬸֪׼һ֮ᡣ
һаˣɫҲ
͸׼޳һɫĶ񣬺ĽԨ޴һ޳
ΪⳡĿоٰģ޳ͨص·ϣͨ衣
ȥμӼĿģֹййղ

280 

Ҳϰµġ
ʵƹʼ͹ѾƲˡ
ʧǣ֪ᷳĴڣȻԸվѵ
ǵõʱ񣬿ڿʲôһ
˵ĵʲôģʩ˵ĵȻף
˵ǰҲףΪʲôռҵŮȴҪΪͬΪŮĺǡЩһֱԼΪʲôأ
ʱƣ淢ռڵˣʵ١
Ʃ磬
ԩ޳𣬶Źõ˲ٵĺöǾһˣǼñ˺õģóŮΪŮˣԼŸǶһ޶ġ
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ʵ뿪ҲڹҪȥ͡Ǻ汻ռҴ̫̫ѺͷʲôЦʱȥ棬ռҴ̫̫û׼һ֣ݺݵ
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ǰúܶණ͵ҩһЩֻдڹ򵽵Ķ
ΪߵգʵǹĴ
ÿҹﶼϣܸһЩͷڣվԸֹռҴ̫̫ȥ˹鷳Ҳ̤ռҵĴšһУǵıӦ
ôҲû뵽ȻܳΪ弶ʦ
弶ʦʲôĴڣΪʦȻ׵ģѹһʯͷ޷ϢҹҲ˯ãʱҲΪ飬ķҡԴӹΪ弶ʦ㲻˳һ¯ҩЩˤ˵¯󲻵òĿ¹¯
ֻǻУȻڼҪ˲޳⳵ڹȴԵЩᡣ
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и׼޳һֻǧ¹¹˳ʵʮֵѱǳڵûб£޳ġԵ޳ֵʱΧĿⶼֻ¹ˡ
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Ϊ¹޳ĵ˶ҪãϾеĵ̡
޳ҲҪá
ҪƿڴǰμӼĿ˶˼סƢǰڹеʱҲԼ޳ÿγУûһ˻ס޳һдÿ̻µڿʱ򣬶ʮ𾴡
ֻǧ¹޳ֻеĹͲ
֪ǰЩӲҲ޳𣿽˵ǿȥҲԸ衣½ô
ô
ֻǽ𵤵Ϊ޳ͱ¹һ߷ˣ¿̫Цˣ
ͦЦģûµˣҲȥ޳⣡
ɲԪʯΣûʵ޳ģ
յ˭Ŀᰡ
ǻХԺĽң᯼ҡ
˶ڲ²޳ڵ˵˭ҲǺ档
޳һͣ£ԺеС˺ŮǾĬĹ£Ҳǰ׼޳˴к
⣬ԶţХԺ˵ӣŶ᯼ҵ˰ɣ
᯼ҴǰҲǸС仧˼˲κݲŷҵġ᯼ãһλ弶ʦʦĵ㲦ĵλ
վ仧ңʹڹһλҲ˭Ʋϵģ
ڵ޵ѹƲ᯼ҵˣ
ڵ᯼С㣬ʵ
绰δ˵㿴һŮ޳ڻ˳
Ůһ°ɫȹٸ߸ߵһЩɵķǾ߳󣬶Χ˵һЦһҹ紵ǧ滨ڴ˿ţŲۡ
һֱ֪ÿʹնһɫӺͼ򵥵𳤷ȴû뵽Ȼӣ
վڹĽԨ޴Ҳһ°ɫĳֻۣôվţͷһˡ
޵ǵʴ׿ԽǴʱĽԨ޴ȥȺΧȻʧɫ
ʵ̫ˣ

281 ˮ

ڿ޳˵ʱ̲סͺ𣬡ôǹ
ǵֽ˽Ҫ顣
ʱĴʯƺֱˣԼҪϢֲĲҪԺѿ
ֻһ弶ĵʦҲŸոսҲȹ̣ôᱻ˵ӣ
֪ˣعϽӣ˵ǽ¥ϵİŰɣ
仰ʹԼţֺοǴϻ۵أ
¥ȻйĳϣҲվһСϣƹҶѡĹڶ࣬ȻΪҪ¥棬˵عԣֻһҪ£ԴȶԴﻹҪء
ΪѾ̤𵤺ˣҲ˲Զ
Ǻ෴ȫûΪĳ֣ı˿
ģôһˡ
˴ʦ޳Ĺ£޳Ը·Ҹ˵˵һЩ
΢΢һЦҾ͹ˣлµġ
¼ӺƣЦĸºˡ
еļĿһԷٰģ˵ԷһλܵĶλˣʧȥֻ̣ܵ䵱µĶһӺ߰˰˱ʣլӡнլӺЩҲ׵İ˹ڣΪڵ̫ˣûϵıӣǻȥġ
ϧ˵Ⱥվûлȥ
ΪţǸõĶЩûóѡ
լӵΧ弶󷨣ڳ󷨡¸߹ΪоٰļĿᣬû˸ƷǣȻûƷȴдƷ
¹򵽴Ʒ߹򵽴ƷҪˣǣǻæġ
Ŀ̫࣬Թµ͹ڳ󣬺˼뿪ˣæŽӴˡ
ȹµһߣĽԨ޴ڳڿʼ
ò˵λܵȷǸΧõ󷨣ʵϵΧձúǳȡû˽ҶԼ̯λϣóԼΪԻԼҪĵֵ
Ǳˮ飡߼͹̯λϵĶ޵ȻηˮȴηˮˮֳƵħˮ޵մȾϣħϣ֮У߻ħ
ǣ˭֪ˮĵط弶ϵݣΪҪˮħתΪԪ
ҪɼЩݣˮز٣
˵һЦˮôأ
ϵԪʯ߿ŹżϣʵӦʮģ弶ĵʦԵԴ۸㣡
ʮĶȴԸңǴ۰Ǹݲȵӣãһ弶ʦܱ˵Ŀأ
⻰Ͳˣһ˵վֱӷֱ棬νӢ۲ʳȻֻ弶ʦҲΪʦʱǼǵ࣬ԸʩһŵҩôվͲ˿
˵棬ƺĺ͹ͶԵԲļ۸
ȴЦʮϵԪʯ
û뵽˵仰Ҳ΢΢һĭɵ죬Ҳڴʱˡ
̽ʣ⻰ʲô˼
˵ʮϵԪʯ𣿡Ҳ£±ˮʹ뿪
߱Ļ΢΢㡭Ϊǵʦ̫
ˮ֣Խ͸ʵƷԽΪˮ峺ˮǺˮһЧܲߵ̯˵̯ϵıˮ飬ɫ̫ˣֵʲôԪʯ
վǱˮ飬ܱһˮҲЧˣҲŻʮϵԪʯ
ҧгݣ˵
˵ĽԨ޴ǰߡ
򣬲Ҳаһ򡭡ڹ󺰣ǳҪһǧ
һ󣬹ʮϵԪʯļ۸űˮ顣
ĽԨ޴ڹĿⳡףһĴ㵡
ôҲû뵽ȻܰѼ۸񿳵˵ĵ͡
ϵԪʯʮϵԪʯ
ľƺҲ̫ˡ
ǲ룬ʮʵǿˣĽԨ޴һ𾪵ģϵȵʮϵԪʯʹˣҲǿˡʵƷǴƷ
ĽԨ޴Ĭ˹Ļ
ǴƷôܻͬ⣡

282 ûп˿˿а׼Ӹ3

קĽԨ޴ڣߵһĽ
Χ˭Ҳûע⵽ƫƧĽվŵ˭
ŷıˮ飬Ȼһ˽ȥֻ͸һ𽥱ûǣ󳹵׵ıһźɫ
⡭ĽԨ޴΢΢һô£
ʵһΪˮǸƷʵ˺һôΪġѹˣˮ
ˮ̺ʵˮϵ
ǡլӴǰĴܣǵ
Ժ˼󷨣ʵھۼϵΪʵ޵ıͲΪ׳ٺʲˡֻ˭Ҳû뵽󷨵˵İԵڳﲻˮϵķı䡣
ΪˮΪ飬ˮʵ顣
Ҳõűˮ󣬲
Ǵˮϵˣ͸ղŵһ飬ҪռҲÿȻ
ĽԨ޴һĽԨ޴ȴǶȻһԵġ
ĽԨ޴µ˵Ͳ˷뿪
ΪڣȻеĵҲǵ˽𵤺ڣһЩһΪ˲ٹ鼮еĸ򣬡ҲŸԣ
룬ĽԨ޴Ҫ𣿡
űˮǼƷıˮ飬ܱݴ½ˮԼ۸Ȼǲ͵ģɹȴʮϵԪʯļ۸ˣȷĽԨ޴ҲЩĶ
ʱĽԨ޴û˵ɹȴ֪ʲôһһȥɣ
һ棡
ĽԨ޴˵ͷã
ʵ˵ҲˣȻ֮ڣǱˮһģܶˮϵĽԨ޴ҲʮֵóˮϵķҲĽԨ޴Ķ
Ŀϵıﲻ٣Ǽ۸ȴͣҪͼЩ̫ˣ
ĽԨ޴̫Լǿˡ
ѾᷳڹҪԼʱԼȴ˿ΪĸоҪվڹǰ棬ΪڵסһЩѩֻһ㣬Ҳһ¡
ǽü͵ļ۸һЩˮϵķôʵҲ̤ԪӤֽһ
ĽԨ޴ߵʮֹϣĽԨ޴뿪󣬹ɴóһɫĶԼϣŲ˵Ŀ⡣
ҲΪ˶֮Ժڵѹûҵ
ʱĹվһ̯λϣ̯λϰڷŵʮĶ
ɫĶʺϽãӼһֱߣ죬Ҳûڸ߹ǽͣǱʺϱʹõĶֵʲôԪʯ
٣ľ֦Ȼŵľ̺˼ľϵǶԵʦҲǲĶ
˵弶ĵʦٶȴãǣǲģ
ȡҩ𣿡ʵ
ҡͷǣҲȱҩ
ʣҪʲô
ӱشĻȻˣǻһҪһ
ԣҲȻһЦ
Ȼûв´ӣǰү
˵үΪ˰޸һݵʱŹصĶĿᣬϾүǰҵˣڲ˶ʶүԹ·Ĺ£հүʲôĿᣬһʣµҲ˵ˡ
Ŀ̫ˣ˲ٵʱҵȺ̯ӡ
ҪʲôĵأºͣڰһҺϲڳĶ
үǰŶСʵʹ˼ֲͷˡ
СﴩڣñգֻƼһСɾµӣ
СӦֻǸ𵤺ڵĵʦΪ̫ˣҲûƼСϴŵĵʦơʹûпүҲ֪СΪֻǸ𵤣ҪǣĹ̫Сˡ
һ궼ûУܳʲôأ
ܳΪ𵤳ϣû׼Ǽõҩȳġ
үǰҵˣҩáõҩȳ޵ߣȻʵѾ˽𵤣սȴ޵Ľ𵤣ʮǧ
ˣүȻ˷ʱ䡣
ֵǣСһֱºͶԱûʲôĵİүúõĻش⣬ѯԼʲôʱ򣬰үҲûж˼óһŲȱȫĵݸ
ܰ޸Ը̯λϵж㣬ԸΪ£һƴȫʹҲԸ⣡
ү˵棬ӹĵһ˫ü΢΢һ

283 ޲

ⵤ
ʵ˵𣬰үϲŮѪʱ򣬹Ҫˡ
һˣܶҲû
֮ԷܺΪ˲ܺ޵߽ºӡ
˺޵ߵĺӣǲȱȫġ
ʱԣЩ̡ϾܿԽʱĴڣమˣȴΪǲͬܽϣ̫ϧˡ
ʱ˵ԼĿ󣬲Ҳ̾һ
˵ʵ˺޵ºӣҲδҪΪҷ
ʵöıʯҩƳһֵҩ⺢һӰȡ˵ʱ˼Цıʯֹڶ˿ӣˮҲҪӵбʯ˵ʯļ۸Ѿˡϵĸ飬ûʲôѵʱ򣬻Ǹ飬һѣͺ˵ˣ
˵Ǽ˺޵ǽϣҵĽ֡
ټڣɴֹ޵ǽϣΪǵĺǲףġúܾĥһʼͲҪ
˶ϡ٣ľûһ顣
ǴӹѾη޵ˣ޵߶ǶһĴڡ
ⵤܲȫǰİү˵ЩҩҪ޲ŵ𣿡
үԣҲû¶ϲĿ⣬Ϊ仰˺ܶˡ
ÿζǴϣȥ飬ǵֻʧ
֪㲻ҡҲûΪү̬Ȳã뿪˵ҪȵˣԼñסӣجеķ֮࣬ҲֻӲʹ࣬ʹ࣡
ϢҲǲ뿪
Ǹս弶ʦоַյجεĽ취
˵ıټ׵飬ĥ֮ýⶳıˮϣ¡
취ҲֻʱجΣĽ
ү˹˵ЩĿȴЩ죬˵Ǹս弶ʦ
ԣΪүڻݣ¶Լơ
үͻȻվŹһ䣬ǹ
һЦ˵ң
ҡ˵үֹ˵֣û˵飬õͼ˽ҲʾȷǸѵһš
ͼƵҩִţڼүʱ򣬺߶Ҫùȥ鵤
Щٲְүİ˿Ÿ
˵ҹʣⵤҪ޲
ǹվ弶ʦİүȻŰҵϣվǰҵˣҪûôס֮ǰĹһֱڻʳڣȻҲǽղų˻ʳǣĿߡ
үôҲû뵽
Ȼ˵ҵ֣֪ûƭ㣬ҵȴ弶ĵʦĵĺͰү˵ҵķӣǹãѰң
ү˵ͷδü˵Զ˲СĶ
˵ˣ
ȻڼĿ϶֣˭˵Ĵ󣡡
˵ˣ
ɶҲڼĿϴ󳳴֣ⲻѰ·𣿡
ǻȥưɣҺټߵ𵤺ڵı޵ߣ

Ⱥȴһ
ݴ½УһֱƲ𣬲ٱʱ򣬾ͱߵ˺͸ĸɱˡˣǲֱڵġݴ½ߵ𵤺ڵıʮֵϡ٣ԪӤϵˡ
ԹСǱǽ𵤺ڡ
ѹҪ룬;Ǹ˿϶ĽԨ޴
ǸͰү˵һ䣬㳯Ⱥֵĵط׷˹ȥ
ү͹̸һЩȴ˵߾ߣٶȻĿ졣
ץ̯λϵĶҲŹ׷ȥ
ٶȼ죬ìܵĵطʱ򣬱ԶԶ
ȿеʯô˼ˣ
ֺȻҷң㵽ҪҪ
ĽԨ޴㱾Ǳı¹Ժ㣬ڹˣ
֪ͼˣȻ𱨣ҵĶ
ΪŹڹΪΪĶ㵽׻ҪҪˣ
Ե̫ϰˣԶԱ˵ĶŸ˵̰ɣ

284 ǳ

ĽԨ޴һ°ɫĳۣͷɫĳȺʮֵۡ
ڿһһƽӡ
ĽԨ޴ǹټġ
ĽԨ޴ڹߵʱһЦ⣬ٻ¶Զ˵һ档
ʱĽԨ޴˫εɫƽƺĻѹ÷ŭһ㡣
ڹڡ
޶ԸⱻǸŮķ
ĽԨ޴ȴںǿССʯҵĮʯµģѾԪʯˡϣԣǹڣ¹Ժܵߵڰ׵ĵط
Ҳм㶯ֹ֣Ϊ㲻ҵĶ֣ǼĿᣬҲƻ˹!
ҰϰˣԵԣҺ㲻һǻǺ͹صģ
УҺ飬ʳ˽㲻Ըսս
ˡսֵʱɫͳ׵ıˡ
ԼҲû뵽ԼȻгһջᱻһ˲ȵͷ衣¹Ժʱ򣬲ǸǡЩ꣬ĽԨ޴ŹһߵڣΪ˽𵤺ڣ
Ȼǽ𵤺ڣ
һθоˣĿ֮
ѵݲ±޵ߣΪеٶʵ̫ˣ޵ߵʮٱǧ
ҵĶҪɱңŵ¶ţĽԨ޴Ϊǹδ򣬾˵ûй𣿡
ҺվһѧԺģҲûһʦ㣬ô˵Ŀ£
ʦ㣬㶼Ҫɱ
ʦ㣡Ѿе˹Ⱥվ˳ߵĽԨ޴˵˵ʯϵģʣ㸶Ԫʯ𣿡
û뵽Ȼʱ֣ķߺޣֶ˲١
һˡʦãô˵
δȻ𣿡ڿʲôĹһңԸȸԪʯȻǵġ
ĽԨ޴һźƣҲǿУǾƵȴŲٵķ̡
ǵĻȴ˿񣬸˲١
ĽԨ޴еˣҲΪĻı뷨
ȺеǸǱʾǼĿÿζҵ˵ôеҪ׵Ĵۿۡ
гж꣬ȻںԼ˵֮󣬱㳹׵ĵ顣
ȷĽԨ޴ȿʯĽԨ޴ոԪʯųֵġ
˵ȷȡ֣ȶ֡
ĽԨ޴ֻǷѡ
ֻĽԨ޴ǱһޣʹǷǴŹԵģ˴
ʵ飬ǰ֮ǰеǣ˶׵ĸϳȥ
ǹһΧ˶ķŭǿɶ
оȥҲĿϡ
ԣֶеĹ˵μᣡ
ĳϣǳʲôµ飬ǻ
仰Ǳ˵еĹµǻϣϧ̫óˣֻǼ򵥵ļ仰ݵļֲԹµһᣬѹ仰ϡ
ڵ֪Ϣ󣬱Ҫ󳳴֡
ڹڶ̫꣬ڰɱ˶ˣϽק뿪
Ź˵ţ
ҵʦңߵǰѹǲ˵Ҳܼõң
Ѿһλˣʹõ˲ٺԴȴṳ̂ԪӤôˣô
ԲۣŹǴ㵡
ˣſԶİү
ҿ԰㣡үǰŹ˵鲻Ҫ֣ܰĺܺã
Ͽɲڱ֪үóɱӰȥ٣ҵĳǣЩ޿κΡ
Ҷ޲á
ү˵ȵˣҵӡ
ⱲӣֻҪһˣ
΢΢ĿŰүҲЩͬ飬ã
졭ѹڰүĶ˵˼仰
үţȴ˼һΪǲǳˣԭ˭ǳ𣡡
Ȼǳ𣡡һЦòȴ޺

285 òã

̫թˡ
˵ֻǳЦʱ򣬸޹ĺһ˫ȪûմȾϰĳ鶯ˡ
үڹڶ̫꣬òŮӣҲĲŮûһ
ЩŲۡ
ʱͻȻҲˣΪʲô˵ִŹȷΪ̫ˡ
£һõġү˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
Ȱү뿪ĽԨ޴ߵߣ˵һǸ
˵ΪʲôҪ˵Ǹǳģ˵Ҳ㣡
ĸ¹ԺԺױϰ˸߸ϣȻ¹Ժ˻ᳬԽԼΪԼʻҶӦóĿ⡣
ˣʵҲôһЩΪϱ죬ˡ
һֱƽҺ˱ǿôĽħ
޵·谭ħһһ޵ߵħѹסǣô޵Ҳͳ׵Ļˡ
ң㹻ǿĽԨ޴˵㲻ˣ
ҪŬøǿûзĽԨ޴Ļתʲô
ĽԨ޴߹ʵڶĲ
Ƿʯͨʯ˵Щʯɽ£ѵõƷ˵˵ЩʯͲö֪ˡ
ʯʯʵȴ̺ΪЩĸţԴҶʯڵʲôʯһöα
öαֻСĴָָ׸ô󣬶ԽαΪ˵Դ͵ɽͨУɽ񡣵Ǽʹαݴ½ҲǼĴڡԵʱöαˣα󣬱ڹˡ
ԣҲȤĽԨ޴ڵ߶
ĽԨ޴ԣ漫󣬶µǸ主Сͷ˭Цӡиؾǣ˶㲻˻ˣһҪáΪαֵ̫Բ޵߶ԼԼһõαˡ
ãĿһ޴֬ʯϡ
֬һߣʹڴǰĳҲδ˴ɾ֬񡣹룬ʹµģ֬ʯô
һ䣬Χ˾ЦСǵһʯɣʯɲԽԽðÿûض
ǰ˸ͣ֬ʯһ۾ܿûжȥض
ǲ֪ɣʯͷѾʮˣû˻ģ
ȻӴСˣȴûΪЩ˵Ļɫ
һάӣλʦ۹ĺãʯʮֵĲˣ
ʯʹڹҲټĵʦеĹͣʯϵԪʯ
С˵Ļһ䣬ΧЦˡ
ν޼鲻̣˼ˡ
ǲںЩЦҾӺÿˣ
ϣС˼ˬ죬Ҳʮָ˵ŹȥԪʯ׼ԪʯʱȴͻȻһµĹס˹
ҳİϵԪʯ˵Ұɣ
ǰĹˣӯӯһգǰĸˡ
ϴŵʮֵĻһȻ̬ϡ
ĸˣֹĶʹΪŮӣҲ̲ס࿴ۡ
ⲻˮ𣿡
ȷżҵˮ壬ʲô
żҵĿʲô޷£⣬˿£
żҵʱﶼ¶˼ֲмǵż˲޵磬Ȼ͹ƻߵڣĴ壬Ƴ衣
Ͼ˽޵Ƕżǡ¯ҡ
ˮ֮ߵڣҲǿ
ʹΧɲΪǶŶһۣ¶Ρ
ò˵Χ˶Ϊӣ˼ɬ˱Ѫ
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Ҳϲ֬ûȥһЩضǺõģ
֬£ҪϲҲǼõģ
ˮΧŮ޶̲סһˮЩҲ֪ˮżڹô꣬Ȼı¡
ˮıһЩҲ׵
Ǹ档̾ʯҲϲҲԸ!
ⲢԪʯٵ⣬ϲ⣡
ϲԲת֣

286 Сı

ˮĹһּһȻ
Ϣĵ˪ǣЩʮֵϲЩȴܾ̫Ũء
΢΢ĿŹҲʮֵĲƣô˵˴ʦǲת֬ˣ
ǣʹΪˮ̫࣬ɹȴ˿η塣
ˮ룬Цұˣʯﵽʲô
Ĺпɣ
ԣĿȴ΢΢һƺ¶˼־ȡ
վŵĽԨ޴ǰΧȴжһɫ
ĽԨ޴΢΢һЩΪλ
ѵ֪ˮĿģֻǣ֪ˮĵ
ܿ죬ĽԨ޴ַԼ뷨ԼǶˡٴϻֲۣǰҵˣóռô֪ˮĶأ
һ࿴ֵĹ£ϽǰʾѰи֬񣬾Բ𻵡
Թ˵óииǲǸ졣
Ȼλºˮʶģƺֲ´󣬸Ǻʯﵽװʲô
ȻµĿˣȻˡҲ֪ǲ֪ʯĶʲôٹӣᱻ󴫵ĸû׼֮󻹻˴е֬񣬿να
αֶȻǺƣǺֶҲҪ
ڵĴڶ࣬һС𵤣ʲôأ
µļˬ죬ϽиĻп֬ʯ
һ˺ü߽ǣѹûʲôһͨʮֱ֬ʯ
Χ˲ֹ
ΪѣҪˣ
ĹиĶãվǰһַʽиģʺεиʽ
һˮȴЦһһͨ֬ʯһΪ
ʵˮȷҹ鷳ġ
һδʮ޵ߣûʲôûдշûеҩĹȣѾߵ˽𵤺ڡټݴ½ȷҲ˶ڲ룬ڵΪ϶Ϊ̫ǿ۹ⶾ
ҪԪӤҪԪʯԴɹʹ弶ʦҲվû̫ĶˮĿᡣʱˮǱҲõ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ˮԹ۹⵽ΣȻҲغϵĶ
˰үǱߵĶûа취ôסġ
ֻˮû뵽е֬ʯֻһͨ֬ʯ
˴ʦҪ𣿡ˮùǹģֵ˵ʦѡɣ
ˮѯʣҲǿ϶ġ
ЦŵͷҲã
ѡʯϣʹǲһģϲɫʯϲ޴ģһѡʮ˿ϵԪʯȫͨʯòٺˮһù˼ú۹õˣǳʧ
󣬹̾ĿŲԶһɫʯЩ˵аɫôģ
Ҳ֪۹ʵڲʯҲǱ˻ܵûˣɫʯ˴ʦѡˣ
ټʯУôûвƷΧС˺Ůĳ˲ͷ
ΪЩźǾˣ
ΧΧ۵뿪ˣҪΪѹˮ壬ҲǷǳʧĺ͹˵˼仰һź뿪
ˮ֪ٺ͹ǱߣҲ˷ʱ䡣
Ŀϱڶ࣬ȻҲҪȥûҪһֱš
߳ɫʯʱ˶û˺ġ
ûùµиԼߡ
ȹһߣҲϢˮ塣
˵ʯ᲻С
ʲôأˮЩͷ㷽ûǸСѾͷţվµӣѡҲ֪ġ֮ǰĲ²Ҿ۹⻹治ô
ȥˣ󣬻кϷأ
ˮ˵ͶԹµİ֣ûʲô±ң֪ǵĹϵ
µԣܿ뿪ˡ
ʱĽԨ޴Ѿ뿪ᡣ
˻صջ󣬹˿ջңȽһóǿɫʯĽԨ޴һЦҷŻЩģܰأڣһ˳
ĽԨ޴Цĵ⣬̲סʳɻ󣬡ѡһʯʱ򣬱֪ѡĶ𣿡
ţ֪Ц綼ˣôżҵô᲻أ
ʹżҵĲ㷽ֳôĶҪΪҵˣȻҲ
ԣҲŻǿ֬ʯ

287 

ʹĽԨ޴֪ĸӣȴҲû뵽ô飬Ҫǰ˺ǡ
üͷʣûأ
ŶҲûϵǿ֬ҵȷϲҲһЩӡķҲʯɷٿһЩ󷨺ͷȥҲļ۸񣡡
ٲ֡
֮һȥһʯ꣬
˵ָ̧ǰ޴񣬡˺ö
˵̧ڵĵػǻһֶʯϣǵʦԵػĿʮֵ졣ͨĵػ޷ȼʯģԹеҡΪеĵػ𿰱ȵͼʮʺϵʦʹõģǼ۸Ҳǹס
ΪҪȼյʯĶҲȻҡ
ŹĶʯ𽥵ıСܿ͸
£ĽԨ޴Ҳ׵ıˡ
ʯڷӡ
һֻһ١
ʱĿҲ΢΢һĶһʯۡ
ַЩʦһԹʮֵСģ°Ūˡ
ĽԨ޴ʦҲϳǰ弶ķ
Ȼ弶ģʦûҲƲԣıġ
ݴ½ʦʵǳϡ٣ıҲ˭ܵõġʦǣƵĻ弶ķǰ٣עʦٵѪĽԨ޴ٵβһѪ
ʦѪһˣѪⷨʦжô
ݴ½ǿ߲٣˭Ҫһѳֵķ˭Լķ̫ࡣ
ǲǽޣһѱɣҪķ
ԽǿˣԽϧԼ
ǣ׬ˣĽԨ޴ʯڻ˲٣ֵΪ㡭
ΪǶˡ
ֹڹڣʵڹʯҲǴڵģ˶ŽҵָԼһձܳΪܣԴĽԨ޴ױ㲻ֺˣԶԶĲûʲôȤġҲȥĲ֣δ֪Ķ
ϲȴҲûֹ
ĽԨ޴ʲôȷġ
뷨ÿζõ˿϶֤
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ãڹ飬ĽԨ޴ûоܾ
ȹ˵꣬óԼʯʯݸϢ
ܵǺ϶йϵĽԨ޴Թ˵ǵʦԼ𣬶Ǻ£
Ҳǵʦǻῴۡ
ĽԨ޴𲢲УڿʯʱʶȴڸйϵָоĺĪĽԨ޴ãоʵʵġ
ϴоʱǸҪ뿪˼ҡ
ĽԨ޴֪һֱһڹ
δĽԨ޴ǲǾ֪ԽԽȫ
˶ΪĽԨ޴ߵյģҶĽԨ޴˵񶾵ǹȴΪĽԨ޴һֱڰаֲʱҲ顣֪͹һΣյģƲͲӵĽӴȴɲ⣬ȫȫ
ʹҪҲԥø
ò˵ĽԨ޴Ĵڣȷǰ˹æ
ĽԨ޴ϹĽŲᱻߡ
ͬߵһ
ĽԨ޴δ̫࣬Ϊٵߵ˽𵤺ڣĽԨ޴Ҳڶ̶̵׷ԼԼҪͻƵļùò̾ĽޣǶôĿ¡
ҿӹĽԨ޴ݹʯȻ΢΢һһɲͳˡ
רŸõģʯʵʮֵĺƽʯһ𣬺ѱ˱ʹǷڵĳϣҲδܱ֤Լҳʯ
ΪʯҸй޵õȫıϳ
𣿡ĽԨ޴ԣȴЦ˳ǵĻ̫ˣ
ǣ̧֣ðһɵɫĻ棬ܿɻǻһʯ󷢳˺ӵóԣ
ĽԨ޴ǰһĻĿɿڴ˫εɫۺ͵ɫĻ棬ҪΪһˡ
ǣĽԨ޴˵𣿡

288 ʧ

ԣǸĽԨ޴õʱ
ĽԨ޴һֱΪѰʵ̫ãû׼ִ
ִʵʲôö޵߶谭һĴڣڱ˻Ϊħ
ҪԪӤˣĽԨ޴ΪᣬֱӸ
ĽԨ޴ûʹʱõҲûʹΪʲôҪԼǸ˵ۿˣǿҸһ̾һ䣬ã
ΪˣҲִʱˡ
ΪĽԨ޴ܿ侲ʵıһģҪ
ĵȼԽߣô֮ƵҩܵõٵİиôٶǲǸһЩ
ǰãĽԨ޴˵Լ֮ǰԭȻȴû˵Լõ𣬻ĽԨ޴Ҫȥʯˡ
ֶǿģִȥѰңǻᾪһЩҪˡ
ĽԨ޴ͷף
һҹĽԨ޴صȴûϢǺúõĵϢһЩҩóҹҹùΪִû֮ǰôִţһҹȻԪӤĽڡ
ǴʱչأȴԳһȥͻԪӤ
ĽԨ޴֪ڼҲԸûս飬ʶֻǰ˹
ùòһĽĽԨ޴
һҹܴԪӤĽڣ˴ĵҩ֭ȵȵıȥȴûдڡ
ܿ죬㵽һա
üͷߵļϺǳ⣬أ
֪ұջԺϵˣҲȥˣҲǺżΪǶĸӽģ½ڹؼʱ
ƫƫģû⼸ͻȻʧˣٵʱ
ˡת뿪˿ջԸΪȴȥʱ
֪ߵ飬ΪѾ弶ĵʦҪ£׼޳
л˼ϻ۹ɵŮڹź¹ϰߡ
⼸Ůܸ裬͹˵Ըⴵһ
ҲûоܾһƺбеŪࡣ
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кƿŹȫء
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289 壨˿˿а׼Ӹ4

ռҵڶ޵ԵüĳڣһΪΪܸߣΪΪŮȴŮӣŮġ
ΪռҵھӲռҵѪռҵĺǣҲռѧĿŮ޺ͼŮӡ
ռҵӣңҵĿࡣ
Ʃĸף˵ҾмˣռҴ̫̫Դȴûʲô˵ģЩûãȻûһΪռѪ
ռڶվүǸ⡣
վүⱲӾֻһŮӣŮ󣬶δȢľĸС볤
СŮķϲټĸëʵڴһʺϺúĺӡЩվүСڣ˲ٵѪΪСռҵ϶
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290 

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˵ںܶǰ¹ԺԺĶŮһ飬ϧ仨ˮ飬ѹûע⵽վǴˣôȥˣԲŻ˲ٵİ취˹ڣͼйϵ
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292 ܣ˿˿а׼Ӹ5

¹Ժ꣬Ȼ֪жǿ˭ʱ򶼺޲̧ۡ
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293 Լѡģ˭

PSæŹ꣬ӸῴʱӣᲹȫеļӸ

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һеʹ࣬ùܵģΪʲôԼأ

294 ȵ

Ϊ˰ϴӦ飬תԺӺ󣬱ȥռҴ̫̫
ռҴ̫̫ҲķϣһЩҩݣһЩ򲻵ķ
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ռҴ̫̫ʵڿеˣУôܻͬ¡Ϊռҵ֦ҶïռҴ̫̫û˵ġ
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ûʥŮҵʥŮڱչأû취ռվү˵ҵ˵֮ǰʥŮ͸¶˵ռ΢ǽ䣡
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⻰㵽ֹ
ռҴ̫̫һ⻰Цݱôزסˡ
ռҴ̫̫Ľ⺢гϢˣȻҲĸ׹̵ܽĺáվүĻȻ͸ȴ浽ҪϢ
һĺӣǵת
ӣﲻܼѪ
ǲܰȳ¡
վүռҴ̫̫ҹԼŮ˵ʱȴ֪ôģڵ档
Ůüͷ˵СҲǻѪͱӰүˣ
ҪСôҲˣ
ռҴ̫̫Լûٶ涯֣ȷŮ˵һֱѪ
ã
֣ռҴ̫̫뵽Ӱ飬̲סü
̫̫үò˺ӣ⺢ӻǵǣһӳ°ŮܼСߣ취
ҲӰҵĶӵģռҴ̫̫룬СޣȥһЩֹѪĵҩȥ
ãŮ󣬱˳ȥ
ŮҹּվүʾԼ
վүĵ˵ͷСȥ
Сʱ򣬲Ϳ˳
汻ɭɭĵռҴ̫̫Ѿܿȹˣߵǰ䣬㣡㣡
ۣһǣҪߣ
㣬£ˣС޵ʮֵܣ棬ָιһЩҩ£
治ԸãƲȥѪģգҲã
ǷЩҩָӣӵļŭռҴ̫̫ġ
ģǹ˴ʦҵĵҩˣСЩż֪ôֻͣһ˵֡
汾һϢŵֵʱ˫۵ɵԲԲġ
СһЩҩ𽥵Ļָ
С밴ո׺˵Щظĸ˵˴ʦΪȥ˰ң˰ҵˣаүǱߣҲڰæ
εŻ˵˳
ûйͰҵϵôվүĻʵҲһԡ
Ҳ˽ȻûжʥŮվǲˡ
ҵԸֲϲ͸ָӵ飬ðȥĳ飬ɼ˰ҲٵĶС붼ףֺοأ
Ҫٲˡ̫ռҵ˹ʲôӵģλС⣬ռ˵ıһҲС
ĴǰҲͬġ
һٶȥҹ鷳ôҲᷴ
֪̫ռҵ飬֪ռҵ˶ôĿ£ƹȥռҵˡѵ֪ļ޵ռռңҲ̤벽
֪㣬Կʼ͵һ赲ڹǰҪֹ顣
Ϊ㱻ռңȴΪǸ̬Ǹ
ȴ롭
ռΪ˾棬ԸռΪС
Ĵô᲻֪ǺռΪУԼʲôĽ
֪ȴˡ
ЩӣĸĥȥʱҲδᡣ
Ǵ˿Źĵҩʱȴʹ
ԭϣĻлرģ

295 

ռҴ̫̫ŮĵҩƷʲã治ٵһ̺˵
ԣСûóá
ĵҩٶļļƷҩмö弶ĵҩ
弶ĵҩڹڵļ۸ҲͣСóʱʮֵС㣬ҪϽȬ
˴ʦ˵һ¹Ժȥ޺Ǳһأ
ԣã
Сڵõ˴𰸺Ҳ֪ȼų׵һ
ЩռҴ̫̫ûĥ棬ΪռҴ̫̫ĸףռҴ̫̫һĸʹίҲҧˡС˽ûʸףΪʲô㲻뿪ռң
վүԣҲֻ̾һ
Ҫ뿪ռң̸ף
ڲģ
ЩվүСҲļĲףռվүĻ£ҪվүһλŮޣվүڶǶ£СҲӵһĸ
СԼ̫ࡣ
ȻǸĸĸ
ڵõȷеϢվүȥ˹Ҳ̲סһ䣬ûΪɣ
ûУһЦүȻͰû˹ϵϾǶϵĵ׵ܵܣڵ֪ܾȰү˺Իһ˰ң
ˣ˰ҵʥŮ
ڱչ֮ǰΪռһԡ
˵ػ磬壬һһˣշ
¹͹ͣ˵˾壬յĽһһˣ˵λ˵ĵʲô㲻
յĽǹһߣҲ˶ߡ
ѹػ磬ǼΣյľӣ
΢Ϊػһ
԰͸¶˲٣°ܿչأʼ
óռ͸¶̫Ϣǰ˹ٵĶ߹Ե޺͹ʦùעط
ҵʥŮһֻΪҰ£ٻΪռ
ҵʥŮȴΪռһԣʮֺصĶ顣
Թ֮˰ңΪҵ˲ٵĵҩ
Ƶҩٶȼ죬ƺҲû̫ҵˡ
Ϊ֪֮ԻôãֹΪү
ҵóռȻ֪𡭡
ҲڶĲܴƬ߳
棬Ҫߵ顣óһЩҩվүȺʵʱ򣬱㰵ʾռҴ̫̫ɣһ뿪ڵģ
Ҫ뿪վүȻ֪ڹڣǻǾȹľʺ
һģֻǻҪȵȣվү˵һ´ģʲô飬Ҫң⴫
ãվүҲ˼ţǲǸСҲŹһȥ
ӹ˲ٵĵڰҿһЩڵҩļأ֮ȥһҺҡ
ʮֵĻӭҵڻָ˹׭ϵĶ
кƶҵʦٻعе¹ԺΪҺ˲ٶ
ڵĴЩ⣬֮Щˡ
类ֱӹ˽գٴ˵ǰ֡ʵҲΪ˱סΪռҵǸʮСˣ֪ǰϵҪһɱ硣
żҵλѾżǱȴû㶯Ϊżҵûа취
˽£ɷŲ¹ҪԹʲô
ռҴ̫̫Ȱ飬̣ӰȵĵҪʲôĸ׶㣡
ܼѪ
Щˣĸ׶ǳˣҲʱѹס뷨
վүµЧʺܲռҴүȥһ˰Һڱӵųˡ
һռҴү˵Ͻ¹ԺҪٳڹڡ
Цûз׵Ļ
뿪֮ǰȥ
Ϊ˵ҩĹϵѾʼ𽥱еĺɣʱɫá
Ϊռ˲ѪԵʣ˽ռҴ̫̫ûвܡ
ս㣡ڿʱЩ
ǰԲ۵ʱֻҪڱһӢĿιӡ
ɴʱ棬ȴȫǱ޺ۡ
ʩģԼڶʧ
ȾҰɡȻòȴɺˣҲռңǹںң

296 

ӣûƺֻܷйԼĵĲ
źߵŮû
ʱЩŮ֪жôĺ޹ôĺԼ
Լ³ʵ͹Ĵ
Լʶ棬Ͳ֪ˣȥǹһʼʶ棬ͲᷢЩ顣ȫȻˣû棬߲ľ硣
ԼõĵҩԴ󲿷ֶĺܺǻǻСһչֻվС룬ֻ֪ȡûá
񶾵Ůˣң˵ҷ鵤ֶ
ЫҪ񶾣᲻úģ
սǧҪƭˣ̫ƭˣ棬òȫǻںޣӦɱ
㻹֪𣿡ûסԼǣ㵽ڻ֪ڸģ
ںܶǰұ˵ռҵ飬ҵʱôֹӴģ֪ռҵ˶ôѲȴùʲô˵ļǺޣ
ϱǿŮޱȱȽǣǲ֮һҪɱһ
˼ȥȥԹޱˣԼôǿɣ
ô࣬һֻȥԹߵ飬ȥȥݺԼǿˣ߲죡
˵ЩףҲȫŭҲͬ㣬Ҳ㣬յһжҵģ
ǡܣ
˵ЩתҪ뿪
ôҲû뵽۰Լ˵飬󺰣ܣô棡˵㲻ƫڵǲֻй
ǣתҵֻ
ȥӵˣΨйԸϧΪ롣
ҲΪ˹žԼǱ۰ŵġ
̬ǹЦŮģҲŮģǶǹ
ԣȴǿЦ˳
ϵĸֺ֣ܶϧֻһ֣治˵뿪СԺӡ
֪ԼǸжȥ׷ŮԸһӶػڹߡ
˺Χĺڰů⡣
Ϊ⣬Ӵηڰ
ʰ뿪ռҵʱѾ޳ڵȺˡ
ٴ޳˵С𣿡
ʦ㣡ǰЦЦԼĿġ
̧ͷƲеռҡ
ռڹڵλӷǳãլԺƲ֮УΧŨֶ޵档˶һռңвٵŮޣΪ˼ռҵż뾡һеİ취
ռԣһ޴
ʹʮֵľ£վ˵ĶռҵŮޣûһ˻кý
ռҵȷܻòٲԴǴʱȴϽ뿪طȥߡ
Ⱳӣٻˡ
뿪ʱ˿ûо飬һ΢΢һϾٶռΧЩġ
˹ķԸģԼʹһЩҲòת޳뿪
浽˹סĵطʱ򣬹ں;ŻһԲ衣
֮ǰ㣬ͻһ磬ֻ֪ҪԼʵﵽˣôܳΪĵʦĵʦվǲôһЩˡ
֮ǰļβһεԹ̬ȣֱ̫ı仯
͹˵ҪȥʳСסһЩӡ
סʽΪĵʦ
ϧֱӾܾʾ֮ǰܰΪպÿһЩ飬ǰﲻʲôˣϾҲǸս弶ʦҪعУҪȥһЩ飬Ҫȥ޺һ¡
ΪȻﵽ˽𵤣ʵսȴվǲһЩ
üͷʹûа취
˵࿴һЩ飬û׼ܰﵽ
γ֪⻰ʵϣԼȥҵĲ￴һȦ
ֱӻشԼһ¡
˵ͷҲûΪ
֮ҲΪĲͽҪ£ΪͶ˻ңЩġ
ӣо¥Ĺ£޲ڹסԺӵſڣùҲҪ뿪
𸴡뿪󣬹㿴档
վԺſڣŵɫԲۣɫķ˿Ķͷ

297 һ

ʹòղƣŲ˱޺۵˵ﶼԵ
ֻôվţɽ´ɰء
ʹ紵
ռҲֹվүôһ֣˲档
ɵԼ·һī֣Ӽ͵ӣվԼǰ档
棡һЦĻţӭ
濴ŹЦݣҲĳηԼò
ҲݸŹ˵һˣ
СʱС뱻ĸ۰ޱȵĽ׵ѹ֪ĸŮһˣΪԼԼŮ顣˽£ĸУ淡
ʱףΪʲôĸҪԼÿĸԼʱЦĺᡣԣ滹ͦϲĸԼġ
ǳ֪֮ĸǼԹġ
Ϊʵʲôȵܵǵܵжⳡսܡ
룬ĸĺ͸ĸûɱΪõļֵ
Ƶĵҩʺϵܷܵá
ƺĸ׵ѾΪܵܵķϣôӲ˵׽ŪϣҲϧԼģǹɵϣ˿¶Ӻų
ô꣬˲ٵˣΨйں
òǿԻָģԼȴô⣬Ϊָ˺Ҫ弶ϵĵҩòһѣûбҪ˷ôݣǵҹеңֹ˻ָòĵҩ˿Ƶĵҩ
ȻҪ뿪ˣȴæĽŲմء
һҪչ棬һҪҪָ١
Щһֱڽ¥ߣ¥Ҳʮֵ۰ֻǽ¥ĺܶ໰Ҳѹףǹһ࿪˸١
ٴδһʦ˵ģѾǽ¥ͽˣ뺰һʦ
ӴʱҲʮ߹
ʮ߹ǾԼĸ͹ߵһ˽»һܡ
ô۰ãҲֹԼǰ;ȥûеͷ
֮͹˽׺ͺͽ⡣
˽£һֻʵľ֦ꡣ
ֱӰ֦˹СԼҲڹ˲ٵݺ󣬴عˡ
ڹҪ뿪ʱиŮͻȻһ׭˴ʦиС˵Ҫ㣡
˺üˣֲݣ˵ǲ͡ڿջ⣡
⺢˵Ŀ㣡
ŮɫЩΣɼҲǶżѹġ
Ͼ弶ĵʦҪﲻδСȺԵòֵһᡣСһʱ򣬴ҶֱӺĴڣӻǿ˵Լһ档
еˣǰ˳ȥ
СĹɣģҲûһصĶһķûУ˭ֻ࿴أ
ҶΪСƭӱҴˣ϶ˡ
˭֪СִţÿնһվʱӰе⡣
ռҵռ˵뿴Ѫȵ飬еĴǶҪɱС
׬ԪʯҪġ
ŮСִţһֱһŷ׭˵ҪҹվЩȥóȻ档
ʵŮЩ£¹ᷢƢ
ʲôŮ
Ůŵһ£̱ӹڵϣūСҲ
СҲĶԣһ˫۾ȷҵķ׭ָ̧СҲһöļĵҩǶĽ
ҲҪ˫۾ʹȱĶԴΧ˺£
޵ߣĮĺһ
˵꣬һ˳ȥ
ΪŨԶյʱڸʱ˪ѩѾ£Сվڽ˫ֽ߬ǡ
Сƭôˣ
˭֪أִŵĲУ˵Լʶ˴ʦЦʶ˴ʦôһʶʦأ
СƭӶδƭ
ãռзԸվô𣿡
Ҳǣô뿪һߣǸôôߣ
Ⱥ˵ĻСȥżңû׼żҵ˻
СɫɷףӲûп
ҵѣиŮ𣬡Ϊʲôûн

298 С

˴ʦϢŭ
С۲ʶ̩ɽ֪͵ʦʶ
ʦСĲǹģ
С˺ŮǣϽ͹ϴ
ҪƹĹ£ʱ򶼺޲úһ̣ʲôأǵĹˣµǻΪùֱɱǡ
ЩˣʵǸǲ⡣
վڲԶС̧ͷͿ˲ԶĹ
Ů°ɫİȹü续
ʵСһμʱ򣬲֪ݣȴùĺÿڹڶ꣬ҲδÿŮһһЦǷ飬峿ɾ¶飬峺ָɾ
һΪ㲻ˣߵСǰ΢΢һЦҵܾˣ
ȷڵСһμСʱ򣬱㷢СϵķӡܾСŲٵĹ£ϧӡ̫ڸʹߺҲֻܸоСӡﴩһɵıĻϵ
ɻϵϵЩһΪľ𣬱ϿľϵԶԶĸ߳ϵͻϵΪԵʣʵǲġ
ϵϵĹԸ
ֻϵĹõĲ죬ԵʱС쳣ʱҲֻǻɲû̽
ҡСЩ˼ϽվֱӺ͹˵㣬ҽԪԪԪԪ
㣬ܾȾүү𣿡
ԪԪ˵ţۿͺˣүүҪ弶ĵҩ弶ĵҩ̫ǡ
ˣԪԪڹǰŹصĿͷ
ԪԪ֪Լǹһ弶ĵʦ
Щүүһֱã붬ѷڸһϢԪԪүү֪үүҪһ弶Ļϵҩֵֻҩļ۸һֱӸ߲£ʵˡ
ʹԼҲҩ֮£˹
ԪԪҲ֪ʱ򲻸Źûа취ˡ
ԪԪվҿ԰㣬ֻȼүүȻⵤҩһôҲδǺã
ԪԪһϽͷл㣬
ԪԪԹƺûģվӺ·
ԪԪԼδѾǽ𵤺ڵĳϣԼҲ֪͹Ĳ࣬ùûбҪԼϾʲôûУҲѹֵʲôԪʯ
ԪԪĳȥ
ڹڳϤڵÿһط
ѹ͹˵ǵľǹõĵط˵߻ӣʲô˶Сھ棬ʵĵطһ޵߶Ըھס
ط޵ûʲôôֻڹڵĵϣԺܶ಻Ը뿪ڵˣһֱھ
طʺ壬޵ߵģ
ԣ⺢û취
ôͻȻģļɲʲôúˡ
ȷʴȵģҲǶ˭ȱġ
ϵܹŹ֣С֮ǰ顣
˵ȷռ˱ˡ
˵ϵ
ƺ˵ʲôֲȷֻñ졣
ΪڹߣԼʹ˾һȺ;ĩ·޵ڿʦ󣬶ҵôϧδͱֱ赲˻ȥЩҪôҲʮֵڿ˿ҲʲôСˡ
ԪԪھһǰͣˡ
ԪԪ󣬿һˡ
˵ϸźıӣⱻȴûʲôֵϢζɼСչչ˵ĺܺãϧñ˵ů
үүԪԪߵ˵ߣ˵ʦˣ
ԪԪĸ˻ˣЦŶ˵үүоˣ
ûϢ仰ȴǵԲۣþȫӴ
Ŀ䣬Ź˶ӥ
˭˵ﲻӭ㣬Ͻߣ
ȻҪҲ
δ˵ԪԪͼˣүүģ㲻ý뿪
弶ĵʦܾ㣡
үүͿˣ
弶ĵʦĹ޵ݵĵʦΪʲôҪ㣿˼һֱԣҪȳѪǰЩӣľǲǸˣ
ԪԪǿľôһԪʯˣ
Ϳ㡭
ȻˣŹʮֵĹ졣

299 

ԤУ˵ãҪ¿ڴ޳ˡ
ϾľıôҲԲһٸ߼Ԫʯߵġ
˵ռ˱ˡ
ɹȴΪԼ۸ԪԪ
۸ԪԪԼģûѹļ۸ûˣҪҲùԼûкԪԪ˵
Ͽûʲôԣ޵ߵ磬ǲпġ
ԪԪˣԪʯòҪ
λʦ˻һ˲ٵѹסԼŭ𣬡֮ǰԪԪĶгļ۸ʵǶ٣ҸԪԪĸĶһֱߣ϶ûã
үүԪԪ˳Ǿ̵ĺһ޵˾üּ¶ûУûң
̧ԪԪ֣ƺҪοȴֲ֪ô˵ڡ
ⶫˣҲûд׷أԪԪԼľʹغˣҲ㣡˼˵óȻȥ㣬ǵĲǣǸĿģҲ֪ģҪģûˣ
ľΨһֵԪʯĶǰһˣ
е޵߶ԸھͣƬ̣ǰλòɫ˫ĵʦλӢүȻΪ档
ϧûʲô档
УҲԲ䵽
ֱһ˸ôĵط
֪ڵʲôǰ˵ֹ֣Ķ
ҼȻˣҲӦԪԪҪ㣬ȻҪ
˵ģҲٵõʲôôȻеźȴҲΪ߳ŭ
üͷ룬ϵĻ𶾣أ
𶾺֣šĬƬ̣վû˵ⲡҪ׵ѣǷñˮܶһӣ
ϢӹһԪԪͱˡ
ҲԼߵ˼ޣǷŲԪԪˡ
弶ıˮҪһ
Ǵǰʵܺ򣬵Ϊ䣬޵ޡĹϵҲ𽥶ӣգҲٻ˵ǰļ۸Ҳ͸ˡ
һöļ۸һöϵԪʯֹ
ڹ˵ˮʱҲ֪Լûа취ɾˡ
һ취һЩˮ͹ġ˵վȻִóһЩҩͣЩҩЧȻûбˮĺãҲ𶾵ģʱѹסϵʹ
룬ɣ㡭
Щҩиȫʬ
ûа취ˣֻ̫ˣûбҪȥƴȫ
ĹﱾǸģΪһİȥ̫Σա
ԪԪȻʹǽӹݹĵҩʱŷ֣óĵҩ඼ļġ
£ֹԪԪɵۣ˶סˡ
Ϊ˷׭ԪԪԼϢ˵պԪԪȥȡˮȷԸЩתҪ뿪ҲδѯԪԪʲôûаΪǡ
ȵȡ˼Ҫ뿪ˣſڻס˴ʦ
תˣ˼ң㻹ʲôԸ𣿡
˶߶µĴӴƲԪԪסԼڹǰȾȿɣ
˵ͳŹݺݵĿ˼ͷ
£ֹԪԪһźվڹߵ棬ҲЩȵĿԪԪ
ˣȾǿȾǻʯһ壡
γ׵˵˵ʯһʱɫʹ䡣
Ҳ˵ľȣ
ʯһ嵱Ǿסڰ˻ɽѩӻ
ĳĻΪ˵õöӻ˻ʯһ塣
Ϊʯһ壬ϲȵĵط󲿷˶ʹĻҲڻ¡
ѩӻڱϵĻ棬ʯΪ˰ҵõöӻ𣬻ķ˲˵
ҲֻʯһѡͶңΪʯһϾޡڵȻġ
Ϊöӻ𣬻ҶԻʯһҲǲ
Ǻ˷֣ʯһڵαʱеһжˡ
ʦǱݴ½ĴڣҪĶȻвٵ޵Ҫṩǡʱ˿ʼץסʯ˺ֱӻȡǵڵΪʯڵҲɢ٣Ҫȡ
ȡڵʵαļʲһڵܳһöα𣬱ѾǺѵˡ

300 α

ʯһ屾˶ϡ٣޵߿ʼɱʱҲʼ
ΪͻҽãԻʯһ峤ȥһֹ顣
˭뵽Ц˵Զõ˻ֱӷ
峤˻ʳں󣬻ʯһң˵ʱΪŻҵļӴæ룬ȺֻʣԪԪˡ
ʵҲԪԪ뿪ĹΧ̲̫ɭˣνΣյĵطȫĵطԪԪϵĻϵֳ׵ķӡԪԪϵΨԪԪŲᱻ˷֡
ԪԪķʽΪ˱ԪԪո߸ϵϽԪԪϵĻϵɣȫǻ𶾡
Ϊߣȥˡ
ĳĻСôľʹ͸ˣóľ޷ҲΪûʯһΪԼ¶ѡյ飬ǻÿЦԭʯһ˵ıˣΪһľͳ׵Լˡ
ȴδ޹峤Ϊ峤ѡҲȻ¡
ڻɽǱǿɡ
Ǳ̰޵߱ɱ
ʵôѡ񣬶·
˽˹ȥ󣬱һҪԪԪ
ѽȴЦΪʲôҪȣ
Ҳ֪ʯһڵʦԣһ͵ıΪʲôҪأ˵Ҳǵʦס̰ûжǶ֣ѾʴˡʴȣǴҪΪǰ𣿡
Ϊ˱ǻʯһĿǾ͵ðŵĹҺݴ½󲿷ֵʦΣգ
㻹Ļ
˲
ϼȿֱҵ˶ȥˣǻʯһ屻壬İһ壬塭ʧһ̫ˣѹˣ
ʵֹ޵磬棬ʵȻҪ̭
˵ʯһ嵱ôĿѵΪͱҪ
һڣ˵ͱˡ
ʵôҲû뵽վԼǰ꣬˵ʱȴǸŮӵ
żòһŮأ
յ£Ǿ͵ûǣŹ֣Ҫ뿪˽磬ҲΪ˲ٵţ飬御㻹ҪţôͲҪҶˣ
ߣקŹҪ뿪
˸Ͻ˵֪˴ʦ֪塣
һлԼԪԪлԼģ
¹뿪ϽץסǣĶ죬ֱӰѹһק˿ŹǴԼﻮߣЩ
ˣǹ˴ʦܰԪԪ͵壬ҡԸڵ㣡
ʵЩ޵߸֪Ϊʲôʯһڵ࣬αȴѡΪɱĻʯˣԹԹ᳹׵Ļα𣡡
ĸԸڵģҵڵܸɾһԹһƳܺõα𣡡
ǵʦҪĲ𣿿ݴ½Ҳôöһʧ˲٣ʹαҲû٣
õαһܳΪʦģ
ҡ¹ҪƵģ̧־ҪȥץԼؿڵ
ٶȱ˸죬ֱץס˷ؿڵֻ֣ǰվǵˣָѾץؿ˺ɫѪҺ
ѪҺ̺˼صĻϵҲѹֵô޵Ҫõʯˡ
̫ˡ
αȻһܿǣЧҲδãĻ滹ǿ̫ࡣ
ԵʱĵʦŻ˵ķ
үүԪԪ˵ĶĴһүүߣԪԪ
ҲȥﶼȥҲҪ˭סүүֻһӣҪˣԪԪҲˣ
үүˣԪԪʲôģҲȥˣ
ԪԪ޵ļңӲˣҲ΢΢ü
ҲҪڵһǻ㣡˵ֻȥ飬̫ˡ
Ӧ֪Ҫȥۣȴвеģ
ҲңҪȥðˣ
Ҳ㣬Ϊ˰㣬ҶҲܲ㣡
㡭ʦ˼ѹҪڵҲαûĶңΪԼĳ룬ùĶǹϡ
ʱڵ֪·Ҳ߲ͨʱ򣬱صĿ޳
߸ϵĽʱȴΪסߵĺӣʹ顣

301 뿪

ǰˣҲֻܰ̾һ
ʵڲϺͿˣŻ˵
ŵǣ޵ߵ̰
Ȼ󣬿αȴı
Ϲ塢нܵϵ˵ʵͨݴ½ͨͨٴδ򿪡ŷıأ˵ݴ½ĸֺľʯ
̫ڸԣ޵Ȼ⣬ֻһסĵطúóռת֮ĹϵУô޵Ҳǿûа취ңÿ˵϶ӡӡɵɱ޵ߡ
Щ޵ǴϧͶ·Ȼ˭ȥ塣
Ǽʹˣ˶кøУ޵ȴǵӵġ
޵̤ĵȴûͨģɱ۵ġ
ףǹҪӽ壬ô͵ôԪԪʹԪԪǸʮֵּĴڣΪ˵õĹҲðȥ顣
޵һֱˣҪþ޴棬͵ȥðգ¿ûа׳Ե͡
ϧȴ͹˹Լİϧ̶ȡ
ȷҪȥ˽壬ϧȴڡ
Ǹ̾һ˵ûдȥԲԪԪȥȻʶˣҲԵ֣ңһȥһȫĵط
ֻطڹжǹڣ
ĲһƣȥԪԪϣȥң
ǵʱ˼㻹ҪҰæһ岻ݴǣ
ƹҲˡ
޵ڹģʹԪԪȥҲδ˻ţôܹá
ĺìˣԶ˺ԪԪ뿪ʱԪԪչˣҲ̫
ȥҲµһЩ뷨֪ŵΨԼ
£ʯʹл˴ʦľ֮
ʴȣҲǸ޵ߣûһ޵˽ΪһֻĺӣԼֻҪţôϣ
ʯʣԵ¶˴㵵顣
ѹ֪ʯǻʯһ壬˵λʯǸĽейɱĹҵˣȴûһɹΪʯʲֹó˼ܡ
ʯͻȻʧʱ򣬴˶˵ʯǱйɱˡ
ΪҲٵ̽ӶʯʵϣЩҵ˺͸ʯʣȻҪɱʯʡ
֪ʯʣҲǹʦʱ
˵ʯʽڵĻϾͲһһֱһڵˡ
ʯڣ˰Ϸˡ
ʯʵʱŲٵϧⱲϧˣһǶ֮ǰŮžһʯʽ
žʱ˵ÿ˶˵ĲһǶžҲʱʱҵ˺͸žΪžǾһĴڡЩô˵ƺž˵žڵĻôݴ½Ҫλ߼ڵĵʦˡ
ңʯʶŹһͷʯʻǵλĴ£
ԪԪҲʯһŹͷʱԪԪޱȵŹ
Ͻʯʣ̬Ⱥ˲١
治ųʯʺԪԪ飬ʯʺԪԪ
ڹ̫ˣעʵ̫ˣҪʯʺԪԪһ䶯ԴʱĹ߰ү
үѾȹˣȬǲһЩ
үѪǵǱߣôϳֵĻֹܳ׵Ȭӳ
ҹϣүǷ飬ҲǸһ
ʱʲô飬үҲԹۡ
ڣ׼ʯʺԪԪҲ塣
ʯһ嶼һ壬ǵĹﱾϧԪԪʯȥסĻҲиչˡ
ڹڶ꣬ȻռҵĹϵһֱôȴһԼ
ҪʯʺԪԪ뿪ѡ
Ȱźǣȥ˰ү˵Լ뷨
үûʲôӶԹȴʮֵĸм
үѪѪҺҲǺƣȥĸסĵط
һȺԼ˺ú󣬹뿪ˡ
һ˵Ҫߣֹˣеļ£ǰ
ǸĺãҲûа
طʱܾס

302 ϶

֪ĴΪѣ߹ǲУ
ΪҪ󲿷ֶܵٲ˺
ȴǰ֣Լܸ㶨Щˡ
Ϊλ߶̫꣬óЩˣһʱ䣬ͳ׵İЩټϸһЩͰ尵֧֣뿪ʱһ嶼˲ٵĺøС
ȹȻعУȥ֮ڹðһСԺԺԲãԽܰլԺİȫ
˹кһЩҩջԺһЩϣȥģ˵Ҫȥһ˱ɽǡ
ļЩŵĺ͹˵ɽ˲һЩ顣
Ҫʵ׳ʲô飬ȴôҲ˵֮¹ֻܼĵĸ
͹˵ɽ˲һ϶϶һֵķӡ龪˱ɽǲٵ޵ߡ
˵ӡĳܵĹѨ˴ƽٵĶ
ԴҶԾԡ
ϧҪóȻȥˣ϶ķиˣΪ΢͵ģֱӱ롣ΪйҪ̽ȥھˣҲֹͣ뷨ڹ
ĹѨͻȻڱɽ˲ĵϣѾܴǵˡϧ͵͵ŶԸеʱ򣬻ȥűɽ˲ˣȥǵĵʦ˭
Щͷֲۣܳ׺Щ˷ĽԶмæû׼ɽ˲仹ᱻϡ
ĹѨȷĳλܵ𣿡
֪˵ܲĶ
һȥƵģ˵ҹҪȥ·壬ȴұȥĹѨ⿴
ͷˣ֪鱾ùǹֹ󷨻׭а취ܽ鷳
ڹֲһЩ󣬲ųȥ·塣
ǰգĳǱӱɽ˲Ǳߵ֪˹ҪߵϢľ׼˶ȴ
ȹһ֣峤ųԳȥӭӹ
ĸǸЯʻ͵ǰʾǵĸл
Ⱥ󣬱㺰㣬㣡
ں˴кߵǰѯʲǷһЩ
ѾȬҲ𽥵ĳüʮֵ㡣
꿴ŹȻóһɫСʯͷݸ㣬㣡
⺢ӣһչ˲ĸ˿ЦⶫҸ
ΪʲôҸ˵ĶҪ͸Ҫˣһ˫¶ۿĸˣҪˣ
ЦЩ޿κΣôͣǲҪδӵĶأ
ҲӸ˵²ʲôûòݹСʯͷŲԪԪʶ
վǸӣܿͱתע
˶º󣬹Ͳ˵Լ⡣
ڵ֪һк󣬱ͷʯһǵһģ屾û໤֣һչ˺ǵģ
С飬罻ɣ
ϾͨҩһС
Сǰүӵ֡
ʯʺԪԪ֪ԸǺ󣬶Բʾ˸мүСҲʮֵĸм
ȻͬգĴȴǸˣ˭ԼġΪĴڣүֹĴϣôΪƣҪǣ˶СҲʮֵƣڵ֪үǹѵʱ򣬶԰үҲʮֵĿ
˴ӹмڶԴҲ𾴡
˽£үʯ˵ϽĻԵˣ
ǰʯʶԴʮֵͬ˫ҲŰүĻģеʱʯҲ룬ǵĻʯһĲǻǹô᲻أ
üֵҲСɹԴˣȴˡ
øĶʮֹصģٶʯʾȵı
Ȼ˶ԹҲǹȴ˸ļ
ǸˣɹȴԼĵߡ
һҪ˵˺塢ħʲô𣬱еߣûС
û˵ߵˣʵħʲôأ
õģүƺ֪ʯʲôһοģ
ʯʵͷţ
ĽԨ޴ȥ˱ɽǣԼȴĵȥ˱ɽ˲䡣
ðԲ˶ΪĽԨ޴͹ȥ˱ɽǣĵط
ĽԨ޴һɽǣչء
ĽԨ޴׼ͻԪӤһ໤

303 

ɽڹеλòܺãĽԶ֮󣬱㿪ʼΧǽ
ĽԶΪܵӰ죬Ͻ޵塢˵Ľס
˱ɽе֧УаĽԶƿغкͲٵĵ½ףĽԶǰձɽǲѡ
ΪĹϵ˲ϵҲºܶϡٵͨһһͦԸⵣм̵ģΪǿмȡһЩ棬԰ռݡ
ıɽǷ˹ݺ͸챦ȫĵط
ĽԶһǳУһ߻޵ɽ¡޵ߣȫǶѺҲӱģΪˣЩ廹żڱɽ
ڼ䣬Ҳż֡
˽֪Ҫȥ鷳ΪбɽǺһĲ֣Щ޵ߴ󲿷ֶȥ޻ء
ΪĽԶһĺٵ嶼ñɽǱطȫвٵ嶼ʼǨơ
˻ᣬ㻹аŹݣԸһȱΡҩȵȸǣҹ˲ٵͼĵҩ幺Щʮֵĸм˽˲ٵĶ
ʵ廹壬Ҫ޷ǰȵֻҪȥ˭ֻѡսأ
ұΪɽǸƶĳǳأȴĽԶñɽǱ˹ȵĳǳأ˽²ˣɽҪѰһЩ
ϧ˭֪չڵ˲ǹĽԨ޴
ʱѾ˲䡣
νӴ
ʱ򣬱һǸ˵֪ߵĵҩǵĵʦƵˣ
˲һЩ̽ӺҲ˷顣
ް˵סˣҲûʲôϵ
Ƹ˲ĵҩѩģȻϢĵʦܴЩҩܵĴڡ֪Լ˶ãΪҪͻƵʦľ磬ͱΪ˶ЩˣǰĻᡣ
Ҳǹ뿪ʳǵԭ򣬹ڵĴ̫ˣҪҲʮֵѣڹл᷽ܶࡣ
޺ط˭̤ĵط
ǲңȴǸҵģ
֮ǰÿȱĵҩʱûƣ룬Ҫסߵˣ
˲Ұ⣬·岻Զ
ΪĹϵĸ˲ĹϵҶǨƵ·帽
ǳʲô飬Ҳܰﵽ١
ֺγ֪ʦƵҩʱʵʱ򣬹Ըڱɽ˲ƵҩҲǶǼšҹƵЩҩ඼Ǳɽ˲ϡȱģΪԼҲúõĻ
ԵҹĳϺͻҵӵ
ֻ弶ҩҩֳĶСڲٶȤ޵ǣҲ˲ڵ쳣
һһĳ˲䣬ɽҲʼԣɽ˲ĵʦǲǹ
ôǹ˴ʦڳͻԪӤѵ֪ɽڵ⣬ŵĶǽ𵤵ĳǣһмλģΪù˴ʦ˳Ľ
ôˣ˲Щһֱȱҩȥҵĵʦ
˭֪أɽ˲䲻һλļʦû׼λʦʦ
ʲôļʦʵһλһʦ˵ѹļĵʦһˣ
˭˵һʦһʦӱɽ˲ʵôģҾЩ˵ľٵϢʵɽ˲λļʦϲ֪ԲŻһֱ˲䣡岻˲ϲ𣿲ϲ˵ǰ¶棡
ôһ˵Ҳеλļʦʦ弶ĵʦôҲ֣˵ĵʦڵĵʦأ
ֻ˭֪ĵʦҪͱ
ΪֻѰҵɿļҪݲܼ򵥵ĽĴܺ͵ʦߵʮֵϡȱû㹻鵤֣ôƵҩɹļʻСܶ࣬ҪǻӰǵĽ
Ҫϰཻ
ݴ½ĵʦ֮Ϊݵļ۸һֱӸ߲£ҴݶǱġʦҪƵҩͱϤҪϤͱ
ÿһõʦòҿ档
ĵʦ̫ˣĵʦָ
ò˶ں棬סڱɽ˲ĵʦ˭

304 

ֹɹתЩ˵עƺЩҩ󣬱ȥ϶
϶ڱɽ˲䲻Զɽϡ
߹ɽһ˵
˵һλʦһλʦ׷λʦ꣬λʦȴ޸һλ׭ʦҲλʦľɥڲ󷨵ʱʧ֣ȥˡ
ҲǴԣǶϧôΪʧȥһŮˣͶأ
˵Щʱʵڸ߹϶λʦĹѨ
ǣ˵λʦ궼̤ʦˣĹѨҪ룬ʵʮֵΣա
Ǹʦһ弶ĵʦӦϧ
ȥɽ󣬲ûмȥ϶ȹ۲ɽ
ɽӷˮѧֳ˫Ϸ飬ɽм䰫һɽʵ˫ϷҲἰΪ˫öӣӵļŴס
ûȥ֪϶ɽϣҲӡ
ò˵ʦɽΪ̣ɽΪۣƽ󷨵ʮֵͷۡʵֻĹѨ򵥵ĹֶΣĶֲ
ĹѨǻĹޡ
ִţЩǸ⣬Ϣհɣ
ƵĵҩֹĿɿڴһĳǣҲǱŵĲ֪ôˡ
ʦƵҩ̫ļʻᵼʧܣƵҩʧܵļȴٵĿҪǹƵҩٶҲ죬ԴԴһݽߡ
ڼ䳤ҲĹϣ˲ٵݺıҲˡ
ڼ仹ڵ£ϲİҹһ壬һЩĿʯ
Щʯ԰
Ҳм԰ҹһд˵䣬Բܼ⡣ںҹȴмߣҲʮֵóھ򣬾ںҹ͵¡
Ȼҹһ弫ңȴܵС޵߼ų⡣
ԸһҲΪҪһЩ
ò˵ȷЩͲٵʮУЩҲΪĴڣԹҲ˺øСҲ¹˵ҪʲôҲᾡȥѰңһΪܡ
϶ΧķйվԶɽ϶ü϶ʵǸ󷨣
󷨣ɻĿŹ𣿡
ЩоŷֵİգˣͣλڶһѾȱڣѾĹѨȱԽԽŷУǲǱ֮ǰʱҪǿң
϶ֵĵһʱ㵽طʱѾԶԶĿгֵλӣҳ˽ӽǡֻлʱƶøأԵòֳһЩ뿪ɽ
֮ǰǻȻԽԽǿңͨףбĶֻΪ󷨱ƻԱøǿˡ
Ҫٵȵȣ˵ֵֻİյʱЩżΣյģ
֣ٹЩֶûˣҲ֪ȥܽĹѨĻϡ١
ǴǰȻ
ڰǰĵ·ʵѡôʧȥһܲĻԵĻᡣ
Ǳ˷ѩϣҪôѩɷҪôЩ׷˵С
ǱȻĵ·
˵ȥ֮ǱߣǺʹǰһóš
ҽȥ϶ϢҲҪ
ִҲ֪ԼĹû˿İ취ֻܵͷʦҪСģ
ţͳ̡
뿪ڵʱһ̣ƽ󷨡
󷨺ͷ׭ͣļƽ󷨵ʱ򣬻Щġ
˺󣡡˵˲٣㿴гŹ˹
ȻЩڴ˿ͻȻʵ壬ѷذףϻͿ˾綾
˺˲پ룬ɾдõ
ŷе׷棬ͻȻʧӰ
ʧȥһһ󡮺¡¡
ΧɽŹʧʼҲʼΧľݿʼ
һҵֱòķâ˵ɽ¡
ɽ¿ɽһƬƣݷһжںڰ֮С
ˣ֪󣬲ʲôõס
ϣĹѨλӲá

305 ȵ

һɾҵɽ񶯣ϵ϶ԽԽ󣬷˲俪һ˹
֪ڹ˵ͬʱʵҲ˳ǽĹѨİ취
󷨵˵ȷǸ֣Ϊ˭ҲԸðűиƬΣȥЩ󷨵ķĳɶ󷨵ĲȱԽԽ֡ԹûԥȥѰĹѨ
ʱλһſϣʯѾ֪Ǻʱ
Щ֭ҺǱһ
ɫ֭Һ๾࡯ĿɼΧһЩݹǡ
ʱСһɫĹâ֣µüǾ٣
СͱС˺ܶ࣬ҲϤľ־ΪʳֹԵ޵ߣ
ţĿݹǣ˵ͷӦн𵤳ڵʿһǼλϲôҪʱ򣬾ֱӱץס˻ˣ
ϾǾ٣СٻһȾٸֵԹ˵ľϵֲʱѹס㣬ȥ棡
ãڹСٻϣŲӯ
һƬɫľ٣㿴һɫĴŸԼǰ
ϻһŮӡ
ʹѾȥ˺ܶ꣬ĿŮӴһɫĳȹüָɾŮŵһöɫĻ棬еŮϵӡ
Ůӵòܳɫȴһֺĸо
ǰŮӣԼ˵Ĺ£룬ӦþĹѨ˵˰ɣǰŴűһ϶ŹСһ˽ȥ
Ĺ**ȻѾ˽ˣͨĻش󲿷ֶˣǹʮֵСġ
С߹ǰСʱܸܵľϵ
ӹС˲ٹľĶ֧ľ֦ȻˣֻҪˮϧˮ̫ˣԹڹҲֻһЩ
ˮ֮ԽˮΪµĴֲܻ
ֻľĵطޣҪʮŨҵҪ㹻ˮά֡ЩΪ˱סʳڵľҲķ˲ٵԪʯ
ӹͶСؾڵ㹻࣬ԹСҲ֮ǰǿ׳һЩһģˡ
վڹǰǶͷҶӡӣǺѱ˲³ࡣ
㣬ϤСͻȻͣ½Ųóϵӵݸľϵ֦Ҷģ
СľϵֲﶼżĲԼǲڰƣҲ˳
ӹСݹĶüּҵˣ
ּңСЩ⣬Щ˭
Ұµģ͹СͣЩҲ˲ٵĵʦȺʦıּˡЩҶּʮֵշЩûٸԴڻеĵʦּһֱǸ߸ϡǺʦչǸߣ
ǹʦмĳϣּҪ׵İռ˹ʦڲٵĶ
Ϊּ˼ļɵڵԽϾԽֻںʦҵ涼Ը
ּǱǸ֪ϢüǵøϽȥ
ּЩڻʳڣһֱʵԻʶʦҲʲôֵ顣ԸּҰµҲܶࡣ
˺һЩӿռָóһСӡ
ֱ̧Сķĩ˳
ĩ֮󣬱ܿһȺĽӡ㿴˻٣ԪӤģ
ԪӤ棿СϢЩĹ㣬ҪСģ
ţ˵ͷ
ȻˣȻ׵ķ
óһöɫľʯҲǰҹһ͸һĶ
־ʯҹãΪڲعΣһҲƲĹֻ־ʯˣſԿ
־ʯڵֻԪʯ󸽽ҹһ岻ϲ̫ˣҵ֮óˡ
öŨһ
ߣԹС˵ңһҺǶˣ͸Ͻصҵʶ
ţСԹƴӣڹʱ򣬻ּ·ּ˵ơ
Щƿľ֦ҶģҲ̺ľϵĶȻ˷ˡ

ʱѾߵƫڡ
ɫãЩߵʦƫѹûݣ

306 ּ

αɽ߳϶ּұյϢ
ʵЩּһֱ˵ĹѨ
λʦҶǸĽɫ
ּźҶһӣȥҶǱ£Ա֪ҶһЩ顣
ҶȷǸ֣Ϊ˾˺ҵĴһѨöѪҲصơ
Ҷ˵ʱʵּҲ֪
ּ˵ʱû٣ϾҶǲһ̤ʦĴڣ˽˵ʵҶѾʦˣ˲ٵʵѡҶǲʦ϶вٵı
ҶûʦҲûкӣûмˡ
ּҪɱ˵Ҷѡ
ֻҶǸˣҶҲ֪˻ɱԼѪ˺󣬱һҹﳹ׵ʧ˵ǰˡ
Ҷһʧ˶Ҷ䣬żĲУ˶ҵҶˣαҶ䡣
ҶǸ弶ĵʦλʦȻϲҶȴҲûгҶԣû˵Ҷȥ
ж˵ѹ֪ҶȥԲûй¶
ּ֪ҶԼȥ
Ҷ˵ʶ
ֻֻּ֪ҶʦڹʶģʲôطǱ㲻֪ˡ
ڻ첻ˣּ汲˶ҶĹѨڽڳǵǰˡ
ƫĹѨһЩ⣬ûĶˣΪּһɫĺӣΪ弶ʦȻﲻٵ˶ҪɫĹѨҲҵҶҪĶ
˵ҶΪλʦ׼˼д
ʵҲлֲֻ֣𣬶һαǵּ꣬Ҵӻʯ˵ȡĳģ
ЩȥˣαҲµ𽥱˲١
ڷţԼڵαͻȻǻһԾʮֵ
˵αûԾΪͬ塣
˵αҲĹѨ
ϻαˣʲôˣȻҲЩżˣԸʦԼǰ棬ǰĽ
Ƹ񡭡˵ÿһȻʧȥ
طɣȻЩվ˼ߵ˷Ƣ
ߵһλ弶ʦа
˵ʮֵȻûаĿȴаĿʦ׿
ΰĹѨ̳ҶĴУҪҶƸȫͻ
ʵҲܲϲ
ǸദˣΪƽôҪ֪ҶǿΪʦˡ
ҶֹΪŵĴڡ
ڶ󷨵⣬ȻҶ
Щּ˲캦飬İԵ
ĹʦλԶԶ絤ʦЩշҲߵزּһʵҲΪұӡ
ѾˣʲôΣգһҪԼ뿪زΪ˾ּҵˣԼõǰ̡
Ҳͬ뷨
ĹѨҲΪ̫Ĳġ
ǰڹʳڣһĴڡ
ּȻ˵ǰɲ˶ּ֪иŵʦſȢ
ŻӶвٴĵá
ЩּȻΪ£ǴʱּҶϲľϡΪǱ֪ˣôּұûдڵ壬ԾŻҲ롣
֪ҲֻϾŻӡ
ԼʹôŻӣҲΪŻ
ֻôҲû뵽Ȼ˸
ùǸ֪ܵŮˣѾδˣȴڻʳ߶ܵ˹ʦǱΪ弶ĵʦ
̫СˣĹ䲻ʮˡ
ģ۹ʱ򣬶˵Ķôôĺÿ˵òյžﻹҪĿ
Ϊĳ֣Ĵƺͳ׵ˡ
ŻӶȥ˹ѹԸˡ
ʱʶŻλӣһԼ
ֻǶˣδס
ˣǿ˵ġ
˵δǸԹǰ˳ǹҪ˻飬һ䷴ԵĻ˵
£ſʼż
˲ٵȡεĻᣬֻû뵽ҪͰһĹѨ
ûõĶ̤ʯŲȥȰ󡭡
˼ˣ¿ʼ·ˡ

307 

ǲּ֪˭ֻǾּҵʦδغּĵġ
ȻһЩڣʵҪôˡ
ĥλʦٶ弶ʦܶͻأôλʦȻҲɶ
ֻҪһȺ˲ģʹȺˣҲа뿪ġ
Ϊţš
󷨱ǻŻţŻиõ
ּҵѡţȴڴʱλʦ˲һ뷨ȥײš
ǱߵϢЩ졣
СţʲôԵĵط𣿡
ź棬ľϵ𣿡ʡ
СۿʼΧϢ̾һʮûУ
ĹѨĿ̶ЩСϾһλʦóÿռʩչĹң˼ĵĹݵļ׳ֺۣολԪӤϵأ
гһܸ޵ʿҲһ
ĹѨΧϣԲ²λʦʵߵĲġ
룬š
̤С㷢ʵѾ߽ˡ
ȺĲϣʹʦţҲ͵͵ѡһ·
ϧ֮ԽţΪ·Σաûʦ·ѡŵˣߵһἫѡ

һ·˺
Сͣ½ŲΣʶ͹㣬ǰˣһž͵Ĺ

СƺЩηŴʹΣҲ΢΢
룬ߺס˹ССľϵʹͬ˺Ͱ˳֣Ҳ˿ܲĴڡ
ŷĵطȥ̧۱㿴һž޴Ĺ
ľһƬ룬ĺˮ峺ףȫĶʯϸĿЩʯڲƺűɫӫ⣬ʲôһ
ʱСԹ˵㿴棡
ΪƬû͸ˮܿ
΢΢Ŀһ˿Ѫ
ȻҲʯ쳣ҪȥóΪϡ
ļߣ˻һЩӡ
ʹ߽ҲżЩ̺˼Ԫ
Ԫ
Сû˵Ÿһ䣬ǧԪ
ԣ΢΢㵡
Ԫֶ˵ݴ½ֻмŰԪԽԽϡѾԪֱӿήˡΪԪֹҪɴһҪˮĹȡ
ˮļ۸񲻵ͣΪˮûǱøι̣ױ˶ᡣ
ңǼѿơ
ڵĳ㣬Ԫû׼ŨҲ𽥱ϡ󻹻òٵ޵߲ԹڻɣϡĵطʵԪ
ԪʹˣҲҪŻӡ
ʵԪĻҲΪƵҩҩǴ˶ժԪĻȥƵҩΪԪĹ۳񣬶̺Ԫ
ԪӤϵ޵ߣҪ𽥵ĽڵתΪԪһ临Ĺ̡
ԪֶȻҪֱӷõġ
һöԪԪ޵Ҫʮתɹġ
ʱڷŹǰԪѾǧˡ
ԪϵĹӣı̵˴Ρ
ȡȡ
ȵһδһͱԪ֦ҶڸסˣѪҺûһΡ
֪ЩԪ̫ˣʦȻΧҲĸɸɾԪҪţ͵ҪΪ棬ֱǰ޵ߡ
ǧԪǵġ
ȻҲҪϵĹӣժһЩҪôժ£ȴе鷳
סڵԪܲңôأʹС
С龪ûˣô
û
ЦЦٻԦ䡣
ȺԦٵĵҩԪʯҸͷԽԽ
ԶԶЩԦ䣬ıǷһֻӥ͡
ΪѾﵽ޵ľ磬ֻ
ߺԼһȫޡ
ȥ棡Լķ˵ǳɹõЩӺͻұϲĶӸǳԣ
ԦһֱΪҩǶӣҷõĺǿġ
˹仰һȺԦΧڹΧŹԪȥ

308 ȵ

ò˵õʮֵԪٴϻҲܱڵû
Ϊߺסκζ
ֻǣӡ̫öԹδǺãԹæԼժԪָԦȥժԪ
ɲ붪ʧκһ
ȹԪϵĶժ߰˰ˣԪƺҲ˲Ծ
ߣСѹָӷ뿪
һԪӶϻҪù뿪һ
ò˵ȻǧԪΪ󷨵ûйСС翪ȫĹѨ̫ˣڶˣ޵ߵն
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ʵԪǷС磬ض취ǡ
ϾԪҪСϾľһ塣ȻľһóԦľԪȴǧݵģҪԦѣһױɡ
ֻ޵֮ŻͬĶ̰ľ֮䣬Ҳ֡
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ϾǵʦЩʯȴûаоġ˵ʯڳĺУҺϱϾкŻʯ
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һɵʯֱ˲̰֮Ķѡ
ȥŵ˵Щʯͷ
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δüʯ㿴Զƺ㡣
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֪ԼȲԼ£һ߳ŭĻ޴йڰ˵仰ʱ㳯Űͺ˳
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ִʦţԼȥƣȻʦλϾǸ弶ʦҲ١԰ȻҲԼƢ
ԪѾժˣʣµһЩԪȻмֵҪȥժ̫ˣ
Ԫʱǰһ
Ϊʦ˭ֲҪԪԪأ
һ뵽Щ͵ˣ͸ӵķơ
ʵǰ󷽲ƫ˷ôʱ䣬ôҲᵼ˱Ǹȵȥ
˭ܲãǻ̽һ䡣
֪ۡ
ֲǰҵˣֲռô֪˭Щ
Ӧþͨ󷨣Ҳʮֵķȴķ֪ЩϵĶȺĶֵԪʯľˣ
Ϊó󷨣ҲûбĶԻ󣡡
Ȼѡš
˵Ц⻹Ǹ˵ˣ
ʱĹѾǰȥˡ
ĹѨĳ棬˲ٵ·󣬲ŷԶһСéݡ
룬ߵСé档
ȴСéСռ䣬Ȼݣвٵ弶ݡ
ձųСһЩݣ۾̵ķˣ㣬Ƿˣ
ٻСһЩ˹СĿռȥֺãֳ׵ոݺתСéݡ
ò˵濴Сéʵһͨķӣû˻ע⵽
ȥΪʲôٻԼ
ŹССԽԽǿƺҲܸܵľϵֲ
㣡ǰһʱ󣬹СͻȻ˵Զж
òƳɵţǣΣգ

309 ڧ

޵нľˮֲͬԵĲڵڱνĲ˵ϹŵʱµĶ
֮ԽвΪӿʼֲ̺ͬ
ˣ
˵ϹŵµĲͨıľģԴﲻҪ¸޵ߣѡĹѨŲΪý顣ʵϣʲôľġ
Ϊľ̺˭Ҳ֪ÿһڵʲôԵǿҪԦʮֵѡҪǣͬĲԴĹҲǲһġ
ʹĹѨˣҲ˵Լ˽ǰŲ
ҪĹѨͱǰ󷨣ԲΪۣΧ֮ԴԴϡ̯̣ʼ˼
㣬Ҫǻط߰ɣСΪˣ̫ôѶԸˡһܲдô꣬ʵҲвĹֻ͡޵̫ˣһʱ򣬹Сʵһδ׿ǵ
ǹ֪Լڵ׻ʲôӣ٣ữΡ
־Сһֱõ̬ȣ־ֱӶС磬ҪСάؾСͲˡ
С粻ڣôһͨһӶһط
طһܽЦĹһҲ뱻˴ţأ
ô׻޵Ҳôȥ޴½ˡ
޵Ȼ٣ǵҲǺͬ٣Ҳߵһ̡ЩܶܶѡߺͱչأΪչغͳ߻ǵһЩ
㣬𣿡СǵʱȻ磬Ǻܶ鶼ǸѧģӹСŹ
СϿȥǸꡣ
ɹСǹĺӡ
ܣЦЦֿ̧һ󷨡
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Ŀֶܶ裬ҵҲгĿĴܣλܰѰĿܿĶ˸ܽᣬ˲ٹԼĿ֮˿հĿҲΪĴڡ
ҵһ̣͸˹һݡ
ƺŹѼҪĶѹϡ
ҲѹûʧҲ˲ٵҩҵͬʱԵ㲦ҵһЩʦ
ʵĿȷʦ䱦
αôĿҲС
ĹѨ֮ǰһֱоαĿҪôŪ˲ٵ˼鼮еüĿˡԼоĽʲôӡ
һ̹ϸһɫӡǣӡۿЩģ˶һüۼȻȻɢһջ
Сʶʱ򣬱֪ĺÿ崿޹һ¶׶һơ
ǴʱĹƺ񺬰ŵİţ¶ķɫĻ
СЩʧ񣬱㱻ĺѣߣ
СһڹϣٶҲ죬ֻƬ̱㳯һðźĵطѸٵ˽ȥ
ʵûƣǹȴ󷨳ȱڵʱѸٵ˽ȥ
ʵԭġ
󷨣ôǱ˺ˣҪּ֪ҿɲǺǵּλԪӤߣһҲġ
ҹʵּҴλʦƳ󷨣ѡƽ޷ΪѺˡ
񣬹ҲΪǡ
ߺûʱͰһȺ˺ƺƵˡ
ڿʱɫͳ׵ıˡ
ӿռָͳ̣һڲϵʱɫѿˣֱܲ
ɫ󷨲ơ
ʵּĹѨʦֻЩûôǹ˶ࡣ
ð̫ûˡ
ʱ̫ԣΧٵ˶ǵʦĹ꣬类˷еĲ֪ϵرԸ԰Ʋ׭ʦʦޡ
ʹ弶ʦҲδض߿١
𣿡ЩΣһֱ˵ðҲûдô
ܣã֪ǰλʦҲʲô֮ҲЩᷳ
ʱǳ׵ˡ
𣿡¶һȻ˵ģ̵ĿŰ󣬡ˣҵɣ˶Ҳ󡣡
ԣЦ

310 

޵·֮ԲпᣬΪԴϹж޴½޴½ͨ޴½ԴԽԽ١
Ϲʱݣ඼ˣҲȿ
޵̫ڲпᣬҪĲֹʵ㹻ˡ
ߵʵҲ˲٣Ǿһ
ǲÿһ˶ôεﶼҽ˿졣
˶࣬ôּҲԲϡ

һһ

ڰﲻһȺں֮ڡ
ð󵭵һЦʦɣ
һվֱ̣һһĿǰһȺˡ
Ҳ֪ʵֹĹ޴½ĵʦλʦߡϾ弶ʦ·һٶıɣȻҲܲˡǰλǸĽɫ֪Ⱥ˶˺󣬻᲻ȡʤ
ּ֪˵ʵ
վȺŶˣվȺʵһ㶼ۣΧ˰λ˵̬ȶʮֵĹҲ̽ΪԪӤڵ棬Ȼû̽˵ʵҲ˵˵ʵԪӤϡ
ĿǰҲֻ֪ȴּ֪Ƿ˲ڰ
ƺЩڣԼóȻˡ
һҪΪʦȴּ˹ԸͲһ
ּ˵ȷѹ󷨵Ķǿ϶Ϊ
ּûʲôȤȥо󷨣Ϊĵʦ
ʱ˿ʼˣǵȷܶ࣬һžʼҪƳǰ󷨡
һʱȥˣʲôûɣ󷨷˼ˡ
ҲʶһȺ
վȺˣڿ˵ˣҪͷʦ

淢飬ѹ֪ʱѾʽߵĹڡ
ĹҷΪ棬һ߷Ųٵķһȴһӵ顣
мĹϣһڹϵĹľ
СڷΧûΣպ󣬾ˣԹ˵㣬ȥұߣżľϢˡ
ľϵϢرŨ
ǰڹߣǶҪֱܵĹȥˡǴı
ԶĹȴûлشСĻ
ûô򵥣λʦĻһԼгһջḴôԲ׾ٵ߱ԼĶ
룬ⱦ⣬ض塣
ѧϰ󷨵ȷޣǲ˽󷨡
˵ȥߣ
˵С糯ȥ
ߵȷûʲôߴǼ¼󷨵鼮ҹȵķ֣Щ鼮඼Ĺ飬ҹȵķ֣Ȼвٵķ׭顣
Ǹţ˵ĹѨˣĵʦ޸һλ׭ʦ
ò˵ϵòԶõġ
鼮̫ˣҲѹ᲻÷һԵе鼮ʰúѾ˲ʱˡ
㣡СѹźúõķҪȴһҪЩ鼮
飬Ҫ̱ͷۡ
ô֣ٻͼСѹϲġ
С㶼ǿġ
ڹС㲻һѹǿ顣
߰ɣе鼮ˣһʣº߲һ󷨡
һ
Ѹղŵľּҵʦһѡߡ
󷨣סһʱ䡣
תȥҲĹңܿ죬ּҵҲ
һ·ɫÿΪȻΪ󷨣˵Ѫȥ
ʦѧƳϡ
ҵ˲㱻ɱĸɸɾʱ
Ҳ¶޿κεģ˼ܼ򵥣ʵڲϣô˻ȥˡΪû취
ģ˶ѡ
Ϊ˵ˡ
ȻǰӮˣ
֪ԼǺʵܾû취ܣΪθּ˶ּҵļūͿּ޵ߣȻѡȥּˡ
󾯸˶ʦԼ
һȺ˵ĹѨ󣬰ѹû룬ȥұߡ
вٵ飬㲻ȥ𣿡վǲʹģԷ˰
ЦڿŰ׳һ鲻ߣǱأ
ǰλǸʦأ
Ϊ󳰷ֱӣ˵һ˼־档
⣡ȵҲĹѨʱ򣬰ŵһ䣬˭ٶȾȻ˵Ŀ죡

311 

˴ʱȺվ˳źɫĶ񣬵ͷ׽͸
Щİڿ߳ĵĵҲ˲ʧĸɸɾ
˿û¶ѹҲû֪Ϊǲ֪Ϊʲôʦȳ˸ĸйڸ߰ǰ˺Σա
ֻ̧֣Ϸɳһɫľһľһ󵭵ӫ⡣
ֺһǧʮƣǿʲôƵģջľ˭ˣ
վһЩ͵ϸˣɳһᡣ
ѸٵĴ򿪣һ̱һط
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ǳˣ¥ʦȴһʦȥʦϸ˵ɲ䣬ˣ˵عˣ
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Ͼֵطͨ޵Ȼﳤõסȥɲ˭ʺסĶԴĹõģʵˣҲǵ
ÿһ궼кܶ˸߸˵į뿪
ѹû뵽ϸʶġ
˵΢΢һ󷨲𣿡
ϸ˷˵Ĵ𰸣ļ
ļ֮ǰĴ𰸣Ǹɽ¶ˮˣһóԼʵ˭Ҳ֪ǼʦǼķ׭ʦ˶Ŀ⣡
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ҲּҴ͵ģ顣
ЩּҲٵүСȥһЩؾͽ磬Ϥ󷨺ͷ׭ֻϲǺܾͨҲմȾġ
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˿޹ûа١
Ȼʮֵ͹ġ
ʵڹںܶ˶ʶΪĹԣһʮŮѾǽ𵤺ڣǸֲ˴㵵顣ҪǣֹǼϺڣҹ弶ʦ
Ҳʹһ꣬ܳΪʦˡ
˽£кļ£Լļӣȥҹ
ʵڻδֹͬһˡ
ǵùΪܾЩ
Ҳ΢ЩȣЩǺӹģɳĶǼеλĹºͳϣһܾЩˣôҲﲻٵ벻ͨǣЩȻܾȴҲûùߣ˵ĶòǸС
Щ϶˽˵˿飬ٻ˸һİˡ
һӹİˡ
˺ܾãЩ˶ԭֻһ
㹻棬ǻ͹
ϣûʲô޺Թ滯ⲻ˵ġ
ԣס˹֡
ǰ鵹ûз˵Ļ¹ԺԺ˵ʵԹģʱ򲻹ǸСС⼸ڣߵ˽𵤺ڡˣӻǸķϲ񣡡
¹ԺˣҲ֪ͨ󷨺ͷ׭
ѣôضǸ֣
ǵˡ
û˵ȥȴҲ֪Ļʲô˼ˡ
ǵˣôɲǼôˣΪİʯҺܿǿֶءʹּô꣬Ҳῴ
ܾùкķûжչʾѣȻô˿죿
ȻЩչҲĹѨң
ǹķǵô֮·˳ܶࡣ
֪ˣƺһ
ȻǸϧŵˣǱԹıȤ
׷ȥ˵λʦᣡ
ʹЩ룬ȴҲڴʱоһɵɱ
ȻǺܿڸɱԼͰһЩǰϾʦĵбȺܶ޵߶ǿ̫ˡ
˵ĻǰȺˣʵɱ˹ġ
üͷҲҺ֮ǰһ¶һ߸ϵӡ
ЩɱһϻҪ򵥣

312 

ʱĹѹ֪ЩѾ²ˡ
ϵȷ֮ǰ¥ƣΪľ֦ƳɵĶȻҲҪ
ľǱ
֮ǰڹСľ֦ȷˣȴܻΪЩϡѹɵġ֮£˲ٵԪʯȪȪԪʯðȪˮҲЯ˲ٵű֤СĲή
ұߵĿⷿ˰·ŷ֣طҪȥҪƽ󷨵ġ
ǰ󷨣ȻôƵġ
Χڷ˲ٵֻЩŮͼ
ֻ֪ǰǸ󣬶ȴ޿κΡ
һ·߹ʵ޲ߵʱ򣬹ĥһŲòͣ½Ų˸طʼоԼ߿ⷿó鼮
ʱҲ֪뿪õİ취ΪΪ̫࣡Ҳ˻ȥˣֻö˹СĽڡ
ûа˿ûܷΧľĹСġ
ʱ벶ȸں
ּߵʱҲ
ҶϾ弶ʦҲǲһ̤ʦĵزûô򵥾ͱˡҴʱİڿǰҲЩ޿κΡ
ʱŷ֣ǰʵСˣҶſʼǽˡ
̫ˡ
ҲڴʱףԼҶĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
İ
𣿡ߵǰѯʣЩӣ
ţ飬ʵԸ̸
ͬǣ˵̫ڵĴ̣۾Ҳ
ǰ󷨲˭˵ƶƵģϵȻǲģҲʦΪӵġ
Ϣ°ɣĴ飬˵ʱҲºͣ԰˵ƣ
Ҫ˵ȴһۡ
ã飬Ҳ޷˵ʲô
һȺһڣͳͿ֮ǰôӦҵģ
үүҲʮֵίǰû
ǰĻһ·Ҳᷢ˶飡
ô᲻֪ûأүүˣּҵĶģʱҲԴ˼ֲã·ּҲôˣ
ļ˵ұ룬Ƚεг̺󣬰鶼ġıҺܲ⣬ҴһָңҵѾ׵ûˣԣҿĶóȥ
ԣүү㲻ɱ𣿡
һʦɱ˲ҵ֣Ҳּҵһ!ѹûѰ㲻ҪΪ
ּСɫĵʦĿҪųԶЩ
֪ģκ˶ԼԦαģ
ӣûɶµģүүҲ֪ʲôǴ֣ڻǺͰʱκ˶ȡģ㲻ǣ
ȴ΢΢һ
ĵĻȰοȴҲһԵľ档
ּҵСĵʦ٣ȻȴҲǲȡģҪȡαôҲ׵ķˡ
ױųټ츳ЩҲ˳˳ˮ
ͻȻôһ棬û
ĺڵı֡
ãĶ˵Ҫôүү֪
ĵ˼޷Ͱ󻺺¹ϵð΢ϢһŻŬİæ
ⱲӶûж˭͹ͷôأ
ǱĵвȻЩˣ
ּڶĳϺǰɻҲλүү
ΪүүĹϵǱѰ
ԼʹǧԸ⣬ҵ˰ͰǸ
Ǵǰض⡣
ǰǰԼǸȴˡ
ø߸ϵּ˸ԼǸãּԸҲעԼȻǹڵϼ壬Ҳġ
Щ֣ܾ̿Լҡҡ׹
ʵ飬Ҳдܿͽ⣬ʱҲʼ˵ݵ˭
ּҵĳϲ٣Щ˶ĸ߰ٻ˵ǰ
԰Ҳ͸
Ǵʱȴں˵
󷨣Ĳ𣿡ʵ
ūƲǰǳʵʵżҵСˣƣ
żҵСһ˫İĿ˵ĻҪ

313 Ŵ

żҵСŴżڶ൤ʦΨһһλʦ
Ŵ˰Ŀ󣬲˶ż˴ˡ
żڹڶ꣬һֱδվȽŸڸ߲ɵͲ͡
ԴŴżǿ˹Ƶģһֱ˲ϡ
ҲΪŴĳ֣żҺռҿʼá
˵㣬Ŵ£˵㣬Ŵһ
ЩŴʱߣûһЩ顣ʵּҲҪ£Ŵ𣬱ϾôȥˣŴѾռҵƽļʦľ硣ŴаĿʵ弶ʦ
ϧŴϰ߸ռ߹ˣּҵ󣬻ּҲʶȤ
ЩֹּҪĹѨĶռҲҪ
ȻᷳŴ𣬵ҲòͬŴ󷨡
ࡣû뵽ּҵĹҲңʱһӵ˳
ɫ䣬վӿԶȺ
֪ǺʱǲԶĵطȴͻȻһȺˡ
ŴվȺﴩһɫۿŲԶģЦ˵ֹңôһṼڴģ
ôϽּҵ˼ϣŴҲһ䡣
ֹΪʲôŴЦҾּ֪Щһֱģ
⻰ʲô˼Ⱥվ˳ŴżҲռҵһôҽУ
һΪ˭أⲻּҵ𣿡ŴƺĲƣ񣬴Ųٵĳ˼ռҵĹôּأ
ΪּҲ˰
Ĳˣô
ǲּ֪˺ϵ޲!
ϧҿǣǣ
Ŵ˵Ŀڰϣִ˲٣һΪ˭أԭǰ󰡣ҵƣҲҰǿ
˭ĹѨǲ˵ʵҲ֪
ҶʦôҲû뵽ּô߹󻹻ھĹѨҶʦҲ뵽ˣԲŻҳ
ּҵźҶϤҶϲٵĶ겻˶˵Ҷһ̣ʵּҴˡôȻּһֱڷϣҲûּ˵Ļ
˼ǣҪˣŴӣֱӵŴĵӺܴ󣡡
ҪǵСҾͲˣŴ˺ߵҲΧ
ҸĹѨĶҪˣŴش𣬡ҪĶҲÿûб£
Ҽǵαɣ
Ȼα𣬵ҲǿãŴ˵Ƹ񲻴
Ŵ𲢲ǵʦαԣʵû̫ô
ĿģҶĴУ취ɱּˣٴóαʵռҪαܾˣϧںܶ鶼
ֵطڵĻһ壬ܲ
ּҲֻϵù
ʱڲԶĹŹС۾ΧһУЩĿɿڴ
ΪܲûоܶˣǿּԼ¶ţҲй¶ϢŴռҲٵ
ռ֮ڹŲ͵λӣֹΪռҵиռߵˣȷб¡
ŴֱŴ߸ŵˡ
ּߵɫܲÿּҵ˱Ͳ룬ʱԵЩҡ
£ǿĴȺ˳˸ԼͷϵĶ¶ԼĿ
ּҵĶϣһż䲻ա
ĵòʮңʹôȥˣòûа㴹ϵļ
˶ϤΪϲ˵ǰΪĵ˫̥쳾
쳾ԪӤڣˡ
쳾ǰִãûȥɱһЩˡǹƽ壬ô˻Ầ¡
ĴǶ˭쳾ڡ
쳾ΪҪͻһףԼ˳ǰĳ̶ȡ
쳾Ͼĵĸ磬ĳʲô飬ʵҲһ˺
һǽʧܻʲô飬˭ҲԤϡ
ʹŴռҵˣռҵҲܷˣЩ׳ռڼβ
ûзΪһЩ
ˣҲּ֪ϵзִ硣
ԭǶϣŴЦЦǰ

314 

ŴЦαҪۡ
Ҳ֪ڲǺŴ˺Ƥʱ
ŴȻҲа취Ӧּҵˡ
ŴôŴȻ˼ġ
Ҳ֪ǵ˱ҪʱŴҲ˼̫࣬ʾһŴ͸쳾˫ӣźǣˣô쳾ҲӦ
Ŵռء
Ҽʹ֣Ҳа취Щ˵ߣʱֳ̫Ķļ塣
ŴҲɵӣȻҲĻ˼
˴ֵļƻҪһСõٵ档
ŴаĿˣҪĶȻȰࡣ
󱾾ּᷳҵˣʱּҵΪ˰ͽŴ𣬾͸ɴ಻ǵ֮ǰ˵ʲôˣȫԹٲ⣬Ҳı¶ʱּһŴǱߵˣϣˣΪĴڻǾΡ
ԽԽԼˣ
Ŵʼоǰ󣬶ȴרĵķõ顣
鼮ϼ˲ٵĶлһЩҶԼдĵáò˵ҶȷǺʦļⲢÿ˶еġ
ϧŴǰǶûѡȥò飬ֱѡƳᱦ⡣
ֻҶϾҶʹŴаĿҪƽҶµҲķ˲ٵʱ䡣
תۼС¹ȥˣŴüĿ
ŴðĿĴ̫࣬ʵЩѷԼҲ֪Լݽߣױ˰㣬˽Ŵߵ˵ҪЩ˺úõıȻʱѹܳȥ
ĹѨ󷨱ƻǻ˽ǸĴڡ
ߣ紦ͣ£Ŵɫã԰˵ˣ
ʵһҲŴ𣬵ǰּ˵вȣòɵŴ˵ĵطʼȥ
ʦ͵ʦ΢ЩһҶҲǲһ㲻һ
û㹻ʦ˭Ҳ򲻿⡣
һͻȻ˴ҪףȴǻһɽһŰС
ĲҽڰԵøĺ
Χһ̾żһѪȵζ
ּҵ˴ʱҲףʵŴ˺ͷŰһ顣
˵Ѫƽ󷨣ŴðѪҺ󷨡
ϧǰ󣬼ʹðѪƺҲֻǿһ㡣
ʵס˲ٵ˵ߣʹ޵ߣҲѿ￴ΧˡʹŴ֪ʱ򲻸ǰпĿȴ˽ȥ
Ŵһǰг壬һüͷĿ
ΪаĿ˴
һ°ɫȹŮݵĴȺﴩ飬һֱûκİһɵ߹Ⱥûбע⵽
ŴȵǣŮһ̵ֿ̣Ķ
ǰıȻһǣŮȴҲ֪ԽŴҪͻƽȥ
˭Ϊʲô
Ŵ֪˲ּңҲռҵˣ˭
ŴһΪЩߣһѪӿ˳
ŴԼֵʱȴѹûлͷ
Ϊⳡġ
ʵŴðʱ򣬹֪Ŵûа취ƽˣŴҪðѪҺǿƿ󷨵һǡᣬֱӷųһ
ⳡһżķ׭׭ˣ˶ᱻס
ɹû뵽ŴѾˣǿпĿ
Ŵںҽȥ
Ͳµռ𣿡
ȻµռңھܾʱʵռƲˡ
ڹϵ˺ʱһռ˳
ԶŴвѹû
󷨱ƽķ϶˱ڡ
濴һⱦڵıൽù㵡
ҶʦܿϵĶǼصģԹϽԼ۵ĶŽ˿ռָܴΧŲٵĻŮǵòˡ
Ŵܿɢȥ˽˱⣬ñͱϴһգĶ¡
Ŵͺ
վԶҲ֪ҪȥͱŴסĳڳȥɴǽֻǷõİ취ˣҲٷһΣԣһʱҲ֪ôֿŴ˼
˴ʦȺվ˳ʲô𣿡

315 ս

ɫѿСɵĴûаѪɫڳܼʹһ
ʱȷԺҪըˡ
α֮αΪͺѺ͵ʦںһ
һ͵ʦԼôһپ٣һ𡣶𻹻ŵʦΪĽԲڵʦԺǲӵʦķԸʦĨǵʶǴδԼķ͵ʦ϶ȺܸߣΪʦڵһ
ҲΪʲôô꣬ʦǶӵԼ
αȻһĹЧαԵʦİɵ˺ҲС
ϵαȡʯϵĻЩʯʱԹأʹ˰취ĨЩԹͺ⣬ϾǻʯϵĶ޵߱û̫϶ȡЩּҲСĽ𣬶ҲĽʵ𽥵αԼʹࡣ
αԼʶαԺų⣬Ҫα
Ϊαǰαһζļȣǵ
αǱƵġ
ڹڵʱٻ˽Ӵ
ڣĵʦ¶ʮֵĽٻ˳˵ǰǻҵǼ϶ϧҲ£Щᵽʹࡣ
ڵԼԺҪըˣ챻ʹĥˣڵαϰ·ڵ
ʹ࣬Եɵĺܶࡣ
ѩЩһֱƬʱڳ˯״̬ʹżҲǼƬ˯ʹѩܵαĴڣҲû̫˼α𣬶ʵûˡƬҲ͡
Źʽ弶ʦѩҲﵽĽ׺ڣǹ˳ͻԪӤôѩҲͻס
ǹ׵ҲʹŹҲǸĵʦ
ѩÿһν˼άӽ
ʼʲôΣգʲôǲǿ
ƩϵȷȤҪȥðΣȥȡûбҪ
ÿһʦ͹һϣű˼άͼ䡣
𣿡΢΢һ𣿡
ǸʦĹѨôأ
ʲô֪һִʦǺͿˣ
ûͿɫѿϱض𣡡
콻
Ƶ񣬺Χ˿ֵĿ⣬ЦִʦҪϵĶҸҲҺһģ
ҲûⱦĶ뽻ŴߵǰǳȣЩõģ
һʦԱ߿ⷿ鼮ͺã㻹ҪȡʦĶ
˴ʦ˿ɲ̫̰ˣ
ŴԹûôɲܹû
Ŵ֪һֱɹΪңǰڹڶ¾߳лˣﻹĹѨﵷҡŴԹǼᷳģ벻ףôﶼйĴڣŮƺҲ̫̰һЩ
Ŵʦ˼ǣⶫģЦĶǰһλʦģ
ʦҲǣ
ӽŴʱ䷭˲ٵ鼮ΪҶĵãˮ׼Ҳǽ˲١Ŵ˵Щ޷ΪŴռҵˡ
ʹóеĶǣŴҲ뿪ԣûбҪΪֺΧˣ¶顣
Ŵһߣ¶м飬㻹ǾƲԳԷƣ
Ẉ̂׼ʼԹ
һּ˼״ҲҪ֡
ĺԤУҲ֪Բװʹӣϱض
ǶٵʦõĶ
ֻҪһ뵽öҪԼͷų˹ʡ
˺˲ٵķ׭ǰһЦһһɼǿҵĻͳΧ˷˹ȥ
˭û뵽ֵٶȻĿ죬õķ׭ļģһ±㶪˶ʮų֪
Ŵ𰵰һ䣺Сˡ
ΪĿȣڵЩϣֵٶȼ죬һЩ
̣Ǹ弶ı԰ڵ˲ٵĹ
ǴʱĹȴҲǷĹֱƯڿС
㿪ĵͺһ
Ŵ̧ͷ㿴߷ϰļ弶ķ׭Сβһѷ׭Եüֹ죡

316 ֪˭

Ƿ׭ʦЩ׭󲿷Իģ̫Ҫô÷׭ٶ졣
ֻҲǸ𵤺ڣҪһԼ˶ķ׭ҲҪٵ
ڣŹСС磬˵ʱԽ
ڼЩ׭ʱΧ˿һɫΧЩ׭߷裬档
Ļ䣬Щ׭ǿһŲͬĵطʼը
һ߻ЩʹһΧСġ
䡪ž
׭ըʱԽԽ󣬼ʹ󷨻ԼЩ׭̫ˣըҪڲһҪǣΪʦԱԼˣ㱻׭ըĲӣеֱûӰӡ
ļķ׭ʦһܻƵķ׭ʵ޵ģʹ弶׭ʦ˵һҲֻܻʮ弶ķ׭ǹõķ׭Ҳжʮ弶ķ׭Ķļһ
ľ𣬹ҲмľϵڿƷ׭ϣӦ֡
ǰʵ˭ûע⵽󷨺ͷ׭Ǹʲôˮƽ
е˰ԼҲˣӶȥע⵽档
չֳ󷨺ͷ׭ʱǴ
һҵʱ򣬳ȥ
ǣʱҪ뿪Щѡͬİ취һΣԪӤ߻żλԪӤǿһʹÿռֱĹ**ٳȥͻᱻЩ˻ĺԹԭ·룬ΨһȥģԶҶʬ׵λӡ
ˣ㳯Źȥ
ҶΪҪʬ˲ٵ󷨺͹أƾߺʱһ·Ҳ˶ݵѷϽ˸λӶס󣬱㿴һ
⸱ΧٵŮͼڣ֮ùע⵽ΪͼϵŮӺʹŮòơ
ļ
棬׷ȥ󺰡
ҪɱҪɱ
Ҳ㣬ҲҪɱ
ŷųķ׭ֵĻ棬ضɱǾͿõˣ
ã㣬ĶҪ
Щϰ˸߸ϣʱǱҹǸ𵤺ڣȴԪӤˣܸһ򵥡ϲֹˣǶ˲ٵϣЩȻҲ߳ŭˡ
ʱҲŷ֣ģȻԪӤ档
֪Ϊʲôһ·˵š
ԪӤܻвٵĳǳأķˣ˭Ҳ֪ġ
µǣиԪӤڵ档
ֱӷռɣĵͷ˵仰ʱͻȻڰĹ
ץһƺЩܿơ
ץסĴ󺰡
ΧҪȥȴһҲŻһʧˡ
ĵͺ
⸱ͨľһԿףԿֱӵҶĹľ
ǼȻȻҲҪȥҶ
˵Ҷϣи䲻ķ̡
ν̣˵Ϲŵʱ򣬹ŷһ̡
Ҳ˵ʵǸƷŷһʵݴ½
Ǽ٣̶ǸĶ
ּҵ̣ҲҪõ
ռ䣡߳ŭ
ʱΪץס˻͵Ĺڡ
ĹǽһƬ峺ĺϵģмһŹƯһɫĹľ
ľɫԪǱߣЩһ
ﲻ˾òһĸо
ΧûмҴҵȥԹľʲôʹ֪ľвĶ
ҶʦһʦȻһ̡
ʦͬʦϧһ
˭ͻȻи˵
̧ͷ㿴ľһɫĹ⣬һ޳ˣӹľﻺص˳
ľûд򿪣˵ӰЩ͸
֪ǰˣʵǻˡ
Ǹðǰ񣬡Ȳģ
ȲѣƺԹĻܲţ˹һۣʦ
ǵʦ֪ԼƭˣʹǰֻһƻǣǴѹȴҲѹС
˾ȵĿŹЩãһʦʲô֣
㲻֪˭㡭

317 ʮ

˵ò飬˵Χˣһ߸ϵ˵ģ
ϧ˵ˡ
ҶǰҲ֪󷨡ҪΪԼͣȴҶ˫񶢵޷˵ȥ
ҶԹĲԶ׼ģһĲˣƺٶ˵һ䣬ͻԹˡ
֪֪Ҳ̤ҶĹڣҶϽȥҵʱ䣡
Ҫǿ㳤һλˣҺ޲һ㣡
Ҷ˵žҪ뿪˼ʲôƵĿŹһ·ԼƵģ
ţûΣƵģ
˵˶٣űı⣬ȴƵģֻռһЩˣ
һЩˣҾı˰ɣҶЦʲôŭ飬ЩϼһԪӡռ䣿
ԪӤϵ޵ߣǿֱӷռ䣬޵ߵԽߣĿռҲ
ǷռҪ۵ģ۱Ԫ
޵һ㲻ǿķΪռڵˣԼ
ֻһ𵤺ڣȻ֪ʹҪҶԪӤڣҲƾһ֮ռ䣬ʹڵǻ״̬ȴҲܸܵʲô
εЦЦҶбȷռıˡ
˵˵ҶԹֳȤֱ˻
Ҷ˵ԼôĹѨģڼʡȡԪ϶飬ǸҶԼ׭ҲԶ󷨡˵Լ弶ʦʱҶмĿɰġ
Ҷ΢΢ĿŹ񣬲ֹǴ˴Ǵ˼ֺ档
ҷ˵ҵһλˣҲ˵ЦġҶ˵β棬һңһαСѩ
Ҷ˵ֿЦҴԼһͿˣпɱԣ
ɱˣ
ţԼҲû˭ȣ
òƵ˱ȱȽǣҶԣҶǺͿˡ
ҶĹѨﲻ֪˶꣬һֱڳ˯״̬ǹǻҪ˯ȥʱĹȴ֣Ҷ͵־ǲһģҶδҪ˭
ƺڵˡƺڵһͻԵԼ
ǡҶĬã˵ûȥ𣿡
ҶĹѨͱǷֿġ
˵仰ʱ򣬴żֲźԥ
εЦЦָ̧Լıȥˣ
Ҳ֪ʱҶǰ˵ĻʵνʵʵĻش𣬡ʮֵǰע˼ԺѧģС
ȻҶʮָ˹ĻشЦŴϹĻԺʦôܺұȣ
ʲô׵ĵط𣿡Ҷʡ
Ҷֱʣش𣬡Ȼеģ
ӿռָóһ飬Ȼָһ˵˵Ҫעۣǲһģ󳬳֮⣬ۻķԡ
˵ԼĿҶɫҲÿǹЦúӣúӣ
ҶŹͷ˵ĶԣʵҲдûбעΪ뿼ҵͽǡȴûһ˿
һ֮£ֱӰⱾڲҲó
Щ鼮ֹɵĿ򵥣ķϵĶȥԼҪôƽЩ󷨣ƽٶȻȻϵĸ졣һĹҶʮֵϲ
ŻǵʦʦҶʱȻʼ̵󷨡
Ҷں͹̸ĹȵķֹȷŹĿҴϻ۵ı֣Ҫǣ˵ļɬָĶȴĽζżָ˵дĵط
ģ֪
Ҷ͹ڽ̸ĹҲƿ˱󷨡
Ҷڸоʱüͷ˵һ䣬࣡
̧֣ԶϵĹľ㻺򿪡
ľŵıҶ˵ʬף˫ֽǰһɫ̡
ٶȵķɵҶǵǰȻһ̺ʢ
ƺзе
һֻɫС˴Ϸû̼ӶԼĳ򣬶˹ļϡ
ֻСļСҶһƺֻǻ̬
ƺϲϵζԴ˲
ǻ̬ȴܵһɼŨصĻϵǻɽڵ۽һֹ̡

318 


ҶȻҲû뵽ԼСȻԹ˵С
ǵСǸ°ֱС⡣
ʱҶȻҲû˼ȥСΪʲôϲǰСҪ޲󷨡
СҶˣϽصҶߣӶų
𽥴򿪣Ҷϸ˼ºһâ㸡˳֣ǶǰڡŹâԽԽҲʼ䶯λӣеĶҶϵĵߡ
ʵ޵ߵĻǻʵ̫࣬Ҷֳʵ̾Ϊֹ
룬޲󷨣ûҶ֮һá
ߣҶһߣ弶ʦҲҵ󣿡
˵仰ʱƺܿˣƺҲˣԼδ׵̤ʦľ硣
޲󷨣ſŹ˵СʵҹϵľѪģ
ӦзѪɣҶֱ˵Ȼϡеģ
ŷңҶѪҺûаȤģ
Ҷ̣ڵСƺ᲻ùһ۹Ĳ鲻ԸĻڡ
ҡЦʵҲ֪
Ӧаɣ
ش𣬡ҳʱĸױ㲻ˣ׶ҲŲʣĸһֱң
ҵĸҲûѪԵϵҲ֪塭
Щû˵ѡ
֪ԼžŮҲΪżȻĻᡣ
ֻҶ˵Ĺˣʼžˡ
֪ҶҲ֪ҺԼ˵ٻ̾˵Ȼǵʦ֪ž𣿡
ͷǸ츳ĵʦ
Ȼ̽õ˿϶ҶƺҲСǻش𣬡˵Ĺˣ
룬ԼĲ²⻹û
žﻹǸŮһ
ǵžûУ᲻ֻ᲻һأ
ΪϵıҶʮֵ⣬Ҷ͹˵ҽĹԭģ
ΪʹʦԽҲԳΪʦʦҲδõģϧҺ£Լˣ
ҵҪʮ죡
ʮڣҪô޸Щ󷨣ôұ㵱ҵͽܣ
ʮڣ㲻֪ô޸󷨣ͺһ뿪ɣ
Щ˲ףԼˣԼ
Ҷ˵ˣһ̹ǰһ飬д˲Ҷʼ
ҶĻȴʱʧڹǰˡ
ƯڹĶߣұ̳ҵ²
֪ҶЩԲ˵˵ѡ
Ҷ־һҶûҪȥһȺȫԼҶϾ޵ߣҲԼĲġҶҪ˼̳Լ־ƺûҵʺϵѡ֣Ҷ˼
Ҳ֪Ҷʵȫȫֹ˽Ҷ¶һȷ̽ڶҶ˯̫ãҲ𽥵ɢ
Ҷû̫άԼĻǡ
άҶȥģǲģ
֪Ҷײĸ飬󷨣ģҶħ
ҶҪͶͱҪЩ
Ҷµ鼮Щ鼮д˲ٵĹҶĵá
ٶȺܿ죬ڼóԼ̣ʼҪô޲󷨡󣬹߶˻󷨵Ĳݸ塣
Щݸȫд뷨Ҫߵĵӡ
ԼȴԽоԽ˼Լĵڣ˲ٵĸ
̫ͶˣѹûԼ۽βӶ̵ʱźɫ롣
벢ȴɰȾһ
ڰҶǰһĻȴ΢΢һ
롭
ôҲû뵽Ȼǿп롣
츳ʦŻеĶ
ĿʦĶͣʦǿҪĶ
ֶÿһʦУƩҶԼҲֻ۶ѡ
ǹո̤弶ʦľ磬˫۾Ϳ˺룬ҶҲ̲סˣ߳ȴûǰ͹˵
Ҷд˱ʼϣѹûԼ쳣ҲûԼѾ̤弶ʦľ磬ûзΧһУĸıʼı䡣
弶ʦܿģᱻΪı֣Իήͷ
ǽ𵤺ڣôͷȻ͡
Ϊؾڣ׽٣ǻĹѨ
׽ٵ̫͡
ҶǰŮ㣬ĺ񣡡

319 в

ҶΪڵڰ춯֣ڰʱ򣬹ȴԭرĿûó̿ʼ޲ǰ󷨡
Ҷжξ룬˵ĳ
һӶ棬Ǳץһռҵĵ㣬һӶ⣡Ҫ֪ˣϽѶȻ㼴ʹҵǰҲĹ㣡
˴ʦǵʦЩ󷨵ķʲôҶʦҲ̳²㻹ǹԹԵĳɣҲֵ̫ѿ
ɱˣҪĲּһռңϵôռҵĵλǲ֪жΣҲָ㣬˭أ
Ǻ˵ôʲôҿǲģһȥֱɱɣ
Ҿ˵ĶԣĻóƳɻơ
ҶֱüͷȻЩ˵Ļֹ˵˵ô򵥣Ļģ
νƣ޷ǰһ޵ߵĻǵоÿձһգȼǣǧ꣬Ҫĥܾã󳹵׵ıɵӡҪǣƳɻƵĻǣûġ
취Ķ񶾣ܾǰ㿪ʼֹ޵˽ҲûôܹԳеڵȴҲޱȡ
ҶƲЩСˣЩòȻĴӵܣҲΪʲôῼԭ
Լĵߣɱ޹Ҫǣκһ塣
ﲻŴѾʼʣµʦۡ
ھʱۿѾ֧ŲסˣҶˣǹ޲ãԼ֡ҹˣһ͸̽С
ϸֵĹâǱɰȾһĴۡ
˫Ҳֳһɫ˫۵۽ǣʮֵԡ
ַظ˼ٴһɫĹâʼŲԶ󷨷˹ȥʼ޲󷨡
Ҷܾȹַ֪ʱѾƯ˹ߡ
ֻǣŴѾħˣʦѪҺ󷨣һ̣ʹ޸󷨣ȴҲ˲١
Ҷ룬Թ˵ҵ̣
̧֣ḻ̌˳˹ϡ
΢΢һû뵽Ҷ˵Ĵ󷽡
ʦܶʦһ̣ѡһԱԲԼ̡ңʦиԶԼԸ̸һˣôҲڰ˳ȥ
ʹ̵ʦҲõ
𣿡Ҷ˵ε̾СѾͷǺ̶ܴã
ʳָѪϣǻ̬ѪҺ
ѪҺĻ
Ҷ˵ˬ죬Ҳԥ
ʳָϵѪʱϵС˹ϱһС
ҶС˵ɫһ䡣
ڴʱȷˣڲֹзѪҺһĴ
ֻзˣܼԦ̡
ҶԼҲӲ̵İٷ֮һΪĹȴܷӳٵ
С𽥱󣬼ҪӰ¡
һֻɫķâ޸󷨡
С˺ĻڻӶʱֹʼٵ޸󷨣һڻ档
˵Ļ˿ѷɫ弶
ŴȻ̵֪ĴڣȴҲ֪ʲôӵģңŴޱȵҶȷڰҶôŬҲǸǣһ̬ˣ̫ˡҲΪʲôܶ޵ߣʹðźܴΣգҲѡԭ
Ǻʵ壬ӳʵ̫ˡ
ֻǰŴû뵽ҶȻ̽ãѵҶ֪̽ãζ̹֮Բ
ˣҶǳ˯̫ã׵ĺͿˣ

Χ˶˵ĻʱѹûҪ
Ƕʦʵ԰ǷЩ棬ΪС˱ϵϧʦ˰Ŵ˶ѾɱˡԴʱǱԼ鷴һٽǰںڵˣֱӱյĵ˹ȥΪ͵ģֱӱ˻ҽ
ҶȦˣ̾Щܡ
Ⱥʦʦ
ҶҲ֪ҲȺˣвԱС

320 ̳

ͣ޲󷨣˫ϵĺԽ
Ҷվ󣬼ܸܵС˹̵Ļ棬˼ҲԼ뷨
ȹ޲󷨣ŴҲ׵ĿΡ෴ȴܿһȺˡ
ǲˣҶʹ
ţûҶ֪޵пᣬǿʳ
һȺʦһķŸѪҺǾǰȺʦǸģȺʦһŮУŮӹȺϣ˵ԼǱּ˺öΣƲģ˵ԼΪ󷨣ֻĺӰȵĵ
ŴѹŮӵ˵ֱŮӣͰԺ˵ʦĺӣʵ󷨻á
Ща
ڿҪɵˣȴɳ˱ħµ飬Թɱǵʱ˿Ĳ
ҪռǸ϶ˣҶЦռҵ϶ȻǸŮˣȴóΪŮޣҼǵǰ
̣ߵҶǰ̵ݸҶ˵һҪηĶ̫࣬ΪηͲȥôԷҭ߻ħɡ
˵Ϊ޵ߣеߡ
ռң͵ˣҲֵĸѿˣ
ϧǲʲôȥη壡ھռҵʱ򣬱ԼгһջռҶҾ׼ҲûҪΪֺռңȥԼ档
ЩϲŻϣȴϲվ
ңδػ
Ҷȴûȥӹݹ̣Ź˵£Һ㽲飡
ҶѾܶûк˵ˣԴ˺󣬱һֱչء
Ҷ߹ʵ˴ˣҲĹԼ̫ˣ²ôϲ˽ʧȥˣҲǳ׵ˡ
˵ɺãҪĲһô𣿡ҶЦһҲȥݣΪݵˣ飡
飬ֹйģйڷ׭ģ
ҵʱ뵽ʲôˣ׭СѩˣʵܲģҲҪȥо׭ооȥҪŶѣó󷨣ȴһܻ׭
˵飬Ҿ;Ǹúӣ
ĳãķϲߵڲֹǹŬйȷвٵĺˡ
Ҳᣬҵĵߣܻ̫ڵʴȣẦԼҶЦӿɲںô룬Լ˭ƿң
лȥ޺ȥҾ
Ҷ˵ֱ̧ץס󣬡ľһߺ
ҶŹϵĺۼˣҲõɣ
Ĺľ𣬡ҪȥСѩˣҲûʲôִˣ
Ҷִ˼̳²Ҳ֤ʹܲ޵ߣҲܳΪˡ
ľߺܿڹǰߺڹϵʱҶ˵ʣµˣ
ǵҵĻҪʧԼûиˣǹˣ
˵㱻һŨصӵǿеĹ룬ĴùЩܲסҪ˳ЩȴԵѹʱ䣬ҶƺҲĻᡣ
Ҷˬ죬ڵȷҪ뿪ˣҵһʵļ̳ˣϣȥȪ¼Լˡ
ߺǿйʱĹѨҲʼҡҡ׹
ĹѨĽؾǿߺҶάֵģҶߺʣµ˹ҲĹѨľ类ˣ˯ĹѨĹޣҲ׵˹
ҵϢС಻˺㣬СҲһֻܵסЩһʱ䣬ȥɹ٣
ԪӤ׽٣١
ϣܶɹǧȪڼңҼˣҾʹɢ
Ҷ˵Ӱ㵭ˡ
˵չСˣ
Ҷ׵ĲˣĹѨʬҲҶĻǶֱӱ˻ҽĿݹǶû¡
Ҷ˲һ޵Ҫ㣬ѡ˸顣
üͷżڿУĹѨϷɳȥ
ԪӤӡ˿ռ䣬ʱڽҶʵҲԪӤˣа취ƿռ䡣
ꡪ
ŴſռһӺҧгݣ׷
з̻вٵĵҩͺöˣ
Ҷ϶Ȼǣ

321 ɱ

ӹԷҶµ鼮ͱʼǣϵľ
弶ʦľ磬ǿеĿ˺롣
ͰĿһģΨһͬıǺΥĿʦĶ͡
Կ˺ʦȻǿ󣬵ڶɽٵʱҲӸΣա
ҶǿһȻߺסһЩǹͽӽԪӤټϿ˺룬һؾͱ׽Χסˣ
յƲ㼫ĺأƲٵĻкص硣
һ׽ٱ˹
ķӦѸ٣׽ٲδϣȴҲ
һ׽ȥɽʼˣ
ɽ̫ӽɽ˲䣬ɽϢǺܿҲᴫɽǡһ߶׽٣һŲӣԼ׽ٸɽ˲̫˺
ֻǰŴҲ֪뿪һǿ˿ռ䣬ùλŲ˶١
ŴͰ׷˳ЦŶ˵Ҫһɽ٣Ҳ⣡
Ҳ֪Ҷɽٵ޵ߣᱻ׽ֱĻɢҪǿ󡭡
ʱɫÿ׽ٲûеô򵥡
̧ͷ㿴ϸɫƲʡ
졢ڡơ
ɫ׽٣ҲǰһĻ𾪵Ŀɿڴ
ƺһֱˢ֪ʲôԪӤڵ׽٣Ȼɫ׽١
ʹǹǿп˺룬Ҳֲ׽٣
ЩҲûʶǿпʦȴûκһ˺͹һÿζɽٵʱ򶼻ֳĶ֮ǰǵ٣׽١
Ĵδɫ׽٣ȴҲ˵ɫ׽ٵ
ȻͽתҪ׼뿪
ϵȷвٵıЩҲҪã׽ôһжˣҪǣΪҲǸԪӤɫ׽ʹҲҪΪٰ꣡ԪӤΪһԪ޲ɵҩԸԼʵأ
ķԸߵˣ˿ռ䣡
ʵĺܼ򵥣ҪɽˣȫȹɽϺ͹̸Сʱǹúõĺ˵ԸѶҲΪѹһᰵ£ڹվȽŸռҵ˲Ϊѹ
Ϊ̳Ҷ²ߵʦľģ
ĹûһʦʹʦڶĽʦҲǱһĴڡҹǶɽٳɹҲΪԪӤ档
һոʮСΪԪӤ弶ʦ弶ĵʦͨ׭
ߵﶼǽ㡣
ǹԸּҽãıضѹԼĸ쳾
Ȼһжڹɽٳɹǰϡ
ǹɽʧܣôĿռָԼᱻʬ޴档ʱ˹ĿռָҲ˳õĹѨıҲʲô
ԣѡ˳ˡ
Ը뿪ŴȴǲԸģ
Ŵ뷨ܼ򵥣
ʹɽٳɹҲǸԪӤڵ弶ʦŴһģǣŴ𲻻Ƶĵҩ弶ĵʦͨ׭ôôһԱȣŴڹǰ治ʲô
ټϹ̳Ҷ²յĹصں󣬱Ǽ
ˣ߱ŴϲٵĿ⣡
ҪǣռѾˣ
鵽ûҪȴ˿⣬Ϊռҵ˺ܴìܡǹҪҪ£ռҵû׼Ҫֱɱ˹
Ŵ룬ɱ˹һûԴҲٸռӶ鷳ˣˣռҶõİš
ֻŴ𲻴ӦȴٴŴ
˼죬Ĵּҵ׼뿪Ŵȴ˵ΪĻּй𣿡
Ů˿ŵʵ˼ȴ˭ӣһ˷ĻᣬͲôʴˣ
Ŵļ˵ðɱˣȻյ㣬ͻᱻɱˣ
ʵŴ뷨һ
ùˣɱҡС
һǿƱػò˶𾪡ҹʮóƻˣùڲٵԭʧ
ˣ̫ѶԸˡ
Ÿ߳ʵź̡
ϣҲˣܷŹ뿪Ҳɽٳɹ
ڣģ

322 ԡ

Ҫɱ˹һҪ̰¹ϵ𣬶Ϊ֪ĽɫǴķһƺžŸͬԴÿԴﶼװŲͬĶóıƣ
ǰǸڹϲ޵ߣһֻһССŶ꣬ߵԪӤϲֹı
˭ܲĽأ
һ˵˵Ŀ£ձضǻΪ
ˣĵıƽ
ڹڰȵֵ߳õҶʶɼļƲͨΪܹ˳ּңּΪĹϵڹҲʲôǣĸϡ
ò˵뷨ȷû
һʼδŸ
˵ĵطᣡ
˵ĵط߰Ĺϵ
Ϊλ߶꣬ȻҲ֯һڸλ϶꣬Щλϵ޵߱ͣǻΪԼ뷨ȷģѹĻڴѹͬķʽǿϸɺñӣЩ˳׵ʧ
Ϊֻ˲ŲῪ!
ΪԼеİȴȱȽǡ
ԣδʲôõطһֱŷΨԼǿǿκ˺ûõģ
ΨһŵģԼ
ĵĻҲһ˿ԥ
ڹڵʱ򣬵ȷкܶʵȥ£Ǹʵ٣ı֪Ϊ£˹ÿʮݵԴҪ֪ټݴ½ʮֵϡ٣ɼĺùΪǵʦ
ֿܵסĵʦûлᣬԼǵֵסջ
ǣֵסˣ
ֵֹջ󣬻ܾ˲ٵҪǣܾЩʱ򣬲ûеһˣҲΪóЩϵ뿪ڵʱҲδ̫鷳ռǱ߶ûʲô
ԥʱ򣬹ȴˡ
Ϊλԭס˿ռ䣬Ҳòٽ𵤵޵߱ռڡЩ˸մӷ˵Ļӳ㿴ɫ׽١
ֻҪˣ׽ȻҲʧˣΪ˻ǣʼҪɱ˹
еķ׭ﲻ֪Ǻʱðһɫ滹׺һЩɫС
˾ŽڱһųȺһ
һɼŨҵľϵЩڵ޵ǵѪ˼ʹҲƺûãû뵽⿴Сɵ˵Ĵ
ڹԽԽҪסЩҪˡ
ܿ죬Щ˵Ĳõ˴𰸣סǺ󣬹ӽǵߣȹٴζܿʱ׽ٱЩĻҷ
ʱ˲ŷӦ׽ٰЩڵĳǻ
ֹԼٰɱЩڵ޵ߣԱĻᶼǣ
Ƿ˹Ĵ㣬㿪ʼĴɢ
ռѾˣôҲ߳ȥֻܵŹĿûеֿ㱻ٻ
һʱ䣬ССĿռ˴˷
ԪӤҲҪ͵Ϯǿ˺ĹĿ˸Ƕֵʱ򣬱Ϳʼˡ
ʱĹʵ״̬Ҳã̫ЩҪٸ˺
Ǽ°ɫĳȹʱѾ˲٣ĸ첲С¶棬ļýڡ
ǱˣΧҲûкõȥ
ƾԼŴּҴˣֻʣԪӤģڽڵ޵ߣ˵ˣ˭ҲûԤϵĵ飬ϾҲֻǸ𵤺ڵˣ
ſ磡ſĲٷˣòɿӡĿռ䡣
ʱѾ׽ΣһѪӿ˳
Ҷͳ˽̿ˡ
ϵļ׽ֱ̿Ѹٵ޸ʹҪڹȥǹ֪ԼڹȥΪһιȥˣôڶɽʧˣ
һʧܵˣǳ׵ˣ
Լһֱš
ܿ죬ɽ˲Ҳ֪ϢˣĽԶһȺ˿Ŵ˱ɽ˲䣡
ôˣĽԶͷΪʱĽԨ޴Ҳڶɽ١
ĽԨ޴ƺǿͻ˲ٵĶڱɽҲֳ˲СĶ
ΪܴĽԨ޴󣬲Ż˼ߡ
ĽԶôҲû뵽˾Ȼͬʱɽˣ
ҶΣյʱ

323 

ĽԶɽģ඼еˡ
ΪĽԶĹϵеĳǣԹӦ
Ҳˣﲻٵĵҩͷ׭ǹṩġ
ᣬ˲ɽǡ
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ĽԶʵܾȹôҲû뵽һ޵ߵǣ˵ι
˲Ĵᴫ޵ߣΪ̫ķԪʯˣڱɽ˲Źº˿ں¶Լ㣬ѴչĽԶǰ
ڣɽڵˣǿεģĽԶŸ
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ʹЩԪӤǶ˽磬ȴҲðȻĿȻӰӾ׽١
ʵһֱ֪βһŽСɰЦʱǴ޹ȴ˭㣬˲׵ʱҲ֪˲̫棬ȴԸ˲ס
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ʹһμҹһ˵ʱ򣬶һ
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ҹһķ׭Լ޸ĹģᷢǿҵĹâȥ˺ҹһ˵۾ҷ׭ʱ򣬻һƬڰðҹһѸٵ롣
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ĽԶʱףΪʲôЩ˵ĺãΪЩֵá
ãĽԶͷҴ˶ܿɿǴ඼ڵ޵ߣнڵĳϣ
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վĽԶǣﶼ
ǲٵʵԼģǹƳɵİһЩĥķʯ˻õķ
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һ꼶ССĵʦΧ˵ΪɼĶǺá
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324 

νɫףһּ亱
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ΪɽˣҪ˺úõչˣּĵʦԾ
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ԣҰɣ
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325 ˺

ŴҲǲðɣ
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ǴȥǻΪռûеʦˣҪּæּڵ飡
Ҳ֪ӹʦڵ飬ǹʦ˳أôռȻҪȥʦˣʱ֪飬Ҳǻǵöϵĺã
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ĺŴĽԶۿҪ֡
ʱԶɽﲻˣǵжŲٵٻ壬Ҳ˲٣ǸվĽԶ󣬺ĽԶͳһսߡ
ĺŴȵǣЩ˲ֹǱɽ˲ˣ˲Ҳˡ
ң˻ҵ˲档
Щ˷𣿡Ŵ
СռҵǣǴӴʧݴ½
һȺһ޴ȻҲסǵĵ·
ǵӻ̫ĽԶôܻסǣһ𵤶δˣΪʲôŴ߳ŭȴ˿ûЩˡ
վĽԶ˸ոճĺӣʼóһССĵ·ҪĽԶ͹뿪
Ƕԣ֪жֵġ
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326 һ

Χɽ׽ƽΧ΢һЩɽվ˲ٵ˺塣
Ŵڹڶ꣬ںϼ˺壬Щڹڳ֣ǵԪʯ
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327 

ӣûɽǡ
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328 ս

˵̱ʱһ˿ûǵĺһʹ
Ϊ¹ԺԺ꣬ʱȻǺܲˬյģҲ֪ΪǱȲյġ
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Ҽǵ¹ԺйأԺǿսԺģ
ԺǱҪӵģ

¹Ժȷأ޵ߵǿߺʵ˵Ȩ¹ԺҲ֧ѧȥսϺԺǣֻЩսҪףϺԺǿսģǵΪǽϣڱ̨϶ҲҪܷҲѧȥսϣЩϲǸͰףҲᷳѧﲻսֵʱأ
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һ㣬ҲԣѲٵѧ·˿ǰ㴭ϢͻĻᡣ
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ǰŮʮֵĸӡ
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ҲԶԶļ
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Ժ˼ǣҺʦԺ𣿡ƺѯ⡣
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330 㲻Ժ

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ХԺĿЩϵļһƲ޵ߺͱ޵ߡ
ϧò˵Щ¹ԺԺŲֱ𽥵Ŀʼ»
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Ҳûпǡ
ƳĵҩָһЩ󣬼һ塣
ʱ߸ϵ˻ǣѹѹĹڹǰ

332 µԺ

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ֻǹĽԨ޴ڳû֣ȥ֮ȴʼڰеңûɿԺ뿪
ŷ֮ǰиӽй꣬һֱ뿪¹Ժ
ڣĵʦ¹ԺڶѧżߵϾЩ˵¬ҲǸĵʦԹǻᳬԽ¬ģ
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ֹǵԺȥѧԺѧԺǱҲҪˣѡ񼸸ʦǣǷֱӳΪ

333 

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ХԺ˵Ȼɽٳɹˣȴ˺صˣҪϰָܻ
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Ϊ̽ǵĶ廹ȥ޺˿ǺǶһΪ̫쳣ĽԶСķ
¹Ժ׼һֹǹе˷ˣ͹ڲˣҪԣ
Ϊܺ¹ԺǩԼұΪʺϵѡݻȡһ
ϢҪ˺ۣ
ݴ½֮ǰžֻйԹڲٵˣҪҩȥֽ⣡
ǹѹԹҲвٵУֻΪ˼¹Ժ
ҲΪ¹ԺֳĶ̫󣬻ХԺǱвٵѧ뿪ХԺȥ¹Ժˣ
֮ǰ¹Ժ飬ʼڻХԺ
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ȻҲ˾¹ԺҪ̫ڹ죬Щ޵ߣͱͨ˺ͱ˸߹ȥЩ˼ֱǲܵġ
Ҳ˷ȥ¹ԺĻᣡ
һ
˵ԼŲмȥ¹ԺѧϰڻХԺúõİ£ԻХԺһֱڱģȴҲûõء
ΪѹϹ꣬һԹʮķġ
ùԱ¹Ժ¬ҲᱳԼҪǣߵʱ򻹴˲¹ԺѧչҲ߲ٻХԺѧԹûѹϣǽͷöĴҪ뿪ХԺѧǡ
ĴʮֵΣ¹ԺԸȥХԺѹǸóѵˣ
ӹĺ֮࣬ÿնھ¥ÿһ춼ǳüӣù񿴵ᷳ
˵¹Ժֳ˼ļĵʦ
ڿЦɣļĵʦΪܲһͨ
Һ˵ЦʲôϢȥ֪ˣ˴ʦڵԺѡʮѧһֱƵҩֻһµʱ䣬ǲôʮΪļʦĸʽڵʦľ磡ҵ찡һ£
ǰһ£ڵ¹Ժʮļĵʦ˵׵ıǽСˣҵڲŵ֪СΪļĵʦʱ򣬾ϲֱڹȥˣΪ˸м˴ʦǰ˶˹ȥǲô˴ʦȻǵݣȴǼļĵҩ
ļĵҩ˵Ц𣿽Ҳļĵҩ
ɵɵģļĵʦˣļĵҩôˣֻǹ˴ʦģǼƷļҩСҪƳƷļҩǻҪٵأ
һߴˣС㲻ȥХԺҶÿϧˣ˭֪ȻôͲļʦľ磬뻹ǿأ
ΧۣȴֱĲյЩŭЩۣǺ޲ɱ˽С㣡
룬СǲǹģСǲ֪ԲûиԼ뿪
û뿪˽Сλӣû׼ҲܳΪļĵʦ
ǣûкҩԣ

335 һ

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ȻвٵĺգԹȴʮֵϧ֮Ǳ¹ԺҪ
ͺʦʦֵܣȻΪ˲˲٣ʵϾ
ǳû뵽ȥĲʱ
һҹеĳǸ¹Ժס£Ҫ͹飬ôҴҵˣ
Ϊе˳ĽҵļһλԪӤڵĳϹ棬λҲǽ𵤺ڣԳһ涼ˣ
Ҳû֣ƾٵķ׭ѳ˸仨ˮ
ǳܵĿ죬¹Ժ
ǳҲ˺صˣΪ٣ĥųһγԿΪֱӵ˵ʱХԺҲûˡ
һۿ˳͹սĳǣҲĿɿڴ
˿ʹַ׭ôû
ַ׭ϲһֵģֹܼٶֵһĹЧĵĽͣںҲ֮ǰ˲٣һƳɹҲûʱȥպýˣЧĲ
˽˵ǣ弶ķ׭
ǣûԼѾ弶׭ʦˣ
ʵ˵ҲҶĸ
Ҷȫںˣʱһֱ֪Ϊʲôѡһλ׭ʦԼҶռ˲ٵ鼮Щ±¹ԺĲδֵġ
ЩӣЩ鼮ȥÿѧԺĲ󷨶ڣ׭Ҳ弶
⻰һ䣬Χ˶һ
ټݴ½ûһλ弶ʦʦ׭ʦһ޵ߣ
ˣΪʲôĽһ˵ӹ
ʵЩЩˣҲǿϹģù޷һС仧ˣߵľ磬޷ҲãȹãߵĻȹԶ
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ЩҲˣʹйҲδй
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ʣķ׭𣿡˺ܿѹʼѯʹ
ַ׭ֹԪӤĶӲٵʱ䣬˵Щڵ޵ҪԪӤǸĶ
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еģͷˣҷ˲٣Ҳͻжʮˣ
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˵ʦ׭ҲҪҲһŰɣ
ԣҲҪ㿪۸ɣ
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Цݴ½弶׭ʦȻҲУҲҪϰ弶׭ʦķ׭Ȼ׬ˣ
Ҳû뵽Լķ׭˵֣һֱΪԼֵĻǵҩ
ðһŷ׭һǧöϵԪʯһļĵҩļ壡ļ۸ʵߣҲ͡
ǸۣΪȷнá
ϲУҲһֱúõ⣬ʱĽԶһֱڰȻǵ顣ҪǣĺܶˣŲһ뷨
е˺һֱнܵϵҲĹУ˼ҵ⣬ǸˣǰпɲôУ
ùǣֻҪĶж
һĺӣзΪչʾһĿ飬ǳЩˣĴ˼ӡ
ʵ˵飬޵Ƕԣʲôϡ
˿ʱҵľȴǾ档
Щ˺ܶహ飬Ҳ¹Ըߵ̫
δرиɾĹ£һжҪǣ£Ѿˡ
ⳡɹôбĽҼ᳹׵ͬ飡
ЩǣҲʱ޵ߵìܲҪֵôӲϾܻӭսޣݴ½飬ʼֲ
뷨ĽԶ֪Ҳ֧
պͽ¹ԺгǣҲܺã
ϧХԺǱȴһֱǴģ
ڹ˳ӣХԺ˲١˽£ŷ飡
飬ҲǴһǱģ

336 ̬ת

ʵҲû뵽ҵһ塣
һֱΪһʵѾʧˣСܴҲΪ
ǵһֵʱǸܵ˾ȡ
һͰҹһĹϵЩҲõ˰ҹһľȼãҹһͱɽϵʱһʵܵġ
ǲ޵ߣ˵ޡ
޵ߵ̰Ǻ޲Щˣǲᱩ¶ԼĴڡ
Ǻ嶼õƵİãҲȻй¶ԼĴڡ
ǻ͹ϵʵΪ˵ҩ
һóֲֲݣȴеʦЩǵҲڼ˲ǰЩӣһĹȪҲ˿ݽߵ󣬶ȪҪԪʯתΪȪˮģȴûԪʯ
ǵȥҲᱻ˷ǵϢ
֮£һ峤ǧϵ˹
һЩڻ۸ܵͣһʹһЩҩ
ڼǧʱ֪ǧԼз֮ģСǧ档
ֹСˣСڼǧʱ򣬶ĺۿ
С籧סǧȣһֱүүүү
һϢʲôڸסģС̬ҲǧʮֵοȻΪ峤ȴû峤ļӣԸ׽
С͹Сǧ˵ЩڹߵļţСǳŹע⣬˺ܶ൤ҩǧ
С˵ҺܺãЩǶүү
ǧ￴ĵҩЩЦãǶ
ţС˵Ƕ˵ЩǵҩҾζܲҧʱ򻹴ģүү㳢
ΪС͹СĻǧ￪ʼ𽥵˹
ȴҪǧף԰ĵҩݣʮϵԪʯǧǧЩֲôҲû뵽˵Ĵ󷽣Լ޵ǲһġ
ҶڹУССߺܾãҲûʲôˣ峤ĻСסһӰɣǧ˵ҵ󣡡
ǧվǶ޵з֮ĵģҪȥĶ飬¹ԶҪ󣬿ǧﲻٽôȥˡ
ǧҲ֪뷨Ӧˡ
ֻǧʮϵԪʯվ֣ҹټڵĳ顣
ЩǺǧһǲ޵ߵġ
ԵȹһߣǱԶȥС͹СһЩ飬ӱĺܺãӴֲ֪ĨǣԲһʱԼ֪鶼˵˳
ŹзѪҺʱ򣬶Թ㿪ʼͻˡ
ϹŷѪҺҲѪҺԹŻ˺ãֻҪǿôЩ˱˱ӻ
ȻǿҲΪǿĺܡ
ʱĳǵ뷨ʵܼ򵥣ڹЩԪʯʵһͶʡ
ܺһһҳϣ֮ӱȻһǸʮ֪Ƕˣǵˮ֮ӿȪ౨ԣǧﵱҹһҹû˯ڶձϢȥ˵ҪһЩݸ
Щû̫ˣǸ߸ϲǹôֵˣȻҲǵǣ
ҹһ壬壬һ壬ǻȡһλӣи壬Ը͹
ʯһϽԹʮֵΣеѡڱõĻᣡ
ϧҹһǱߴϢ˵ǹչˣ
ǧԵʱͼˣͲȥҹˣ
ҹһûƭǧıչˡ
һݱҰݸã̺ҲḻչƵҩʱеĳϺ滹ĽԨ޴һ໤Ƴ㹻ĵҩЩ嶼㹻ǿղֿܵס⣡
еĳǣ֪Ϊ弶ĵʦôҲû뵽Ƶҩٶ˵Ŀ죬һ˵
һ߶Ըŵ٣һ߸˷Լ˵ط
ֹ׭ڣƵĵҩЧʦĺò١
ΪֱӴӹҩе˶ʼԼԪʯ̫٣ߵعȥȡ
ǲ֪Լۣһºһȥǧ
εǧдʱϴˣȪȳãŹȥιһÿطͲ߹ǵˣһѱõС¶СƤùĸ
һı仯ûа㾪ȡ

337 ŷ

ǧԹԶ׼ģҲΪӹССĻԾһԹҲûôƫ
ǧŹһĵ߶ʱ򣬹һʵôǴŵҲͨ
룬ǧǰЩӣǱߴϢң˵һѩУ
ЩѩҲһСģó֯УЩлǳĿҪǣЩпʮֵĻòˣ
ֻΪ壬Щ̻һֱڴѹЩеļ۸
ǱߺǶЩԸ⿴ûʳһЩ
ЩʮֵĻҪ͸
ϧЩлûʲôȤϵͨ涼Ƶİƣܵٵ˺ǡãһĺǺ͸Ǵŵ̫顣
ǧԣż־ȡ
˵ǣѩУǧʣҪ𣿡
ţݸңҲУǲںԪʯΪһóֲݺֲҪЩ
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һܽѾ˺ܴŬܸıˡ
⡭ǧ뻹ʵĺ͹˵һĳ˲࣬û̫ˡ
ԣҲ⣬˵ǲ
һ·ǧŹȥһĹȪ
ȪȪˮ͹СϿռȪˮǲ̫һģȪˮ̺һɼŨصľϵСռڵȪˮȹȪһЩױա
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ЩһʧȪܱѾܲˣ
ֻǵ̫ˣһǵȥԪʯȪۣԵʮֵѣǹǰЩӸϵԪʯȪҪήˡ
˵ţǧΧȪˮһСƿȻݸ˵ǵĸл
СƿװȪ۰ϵˮùЩǧĳ⡣
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룬ӿռһľ֦ǧ֮ǰڹڣõһʵľ֦֮СĿռڣҲ𽥵ѿˣİ˵ĿռڣҲֻܻСǳԪʯȪˮ峤ԼҪҪȻǲĻҲٵ飬ȪʮڲٿݽߣԪʯף
£ǧҲ̲סˣۿʱͺˣ
ľ֦ҶأȻ֪ġ
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ҡҡлл˴ʦҴһл㣡ǧҪڹǰȴϽ
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ֻҪһô֮ܵõٵݣݴ½ʦûݡ
ǧＸҪ˳ڴ˿ˣΪʲô峤˵ʱ򣬻ļ
㸲ǹǡ
ʯһ㸲Ҳǹǡ
һҲǺˣŹҲܴˡ
ǧʳ̸֮ĺС缱Ҵҵ˽㣬رɽǰɣˣ
ˣüͷС磬ʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ˣ
С˵ĲҲðȻ̤һĵ̣Թòȥ
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ʱĽԶһ飬ȴͻȻز𣬿Ѫ
ͲٵĳǶ龪һȺ֮󣬲ŷĽԶһǡ
Ҳ˵ĽԶһǣַĶ񶾣

338 

˱ɽǵʱɫѾˡ
ΪĽԶһǵ飬Ǿ˴ģĴΪһˡ
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ǹһġ϶Թ˵жأʵǺ壬ǰ׺Ǻ޵ãӵëɫͰɫ̫ƣԱ
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ЩһֱϹһ塣
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һ壿ü֪˭𣿡
Ĭõ濪ˣǹĺᣡ
⻰һĴϱȥ˵ţ
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һߣ˭֪õĻǼٵģҪ뿪޷ǺµǺ¹Ҳ£ŮҳҪÿҵɱҺҵŮôֿôأ
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Ǻ¹Ǻ¹Ҳǲʲô
ռҵ˿ǺҪ޽ȥأ˵ռҵѾ֪ͨǵˣǱֻҪ˴𸴣ͱռң
ʱŮûһ̫̫أ˵ʲôʲôҲڹŮ˵һǹռңôĽԨ޴ǵˣҿɾϣˣ
ĽԨ޴˻治ζ
Щ۵ʱȴһЦ
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̧֣ٻСˣһһɼ׳۵Ļ㳯˳ȥŻһĻйһθķ׭ĽԨ޴ṩ
ֻ¡һգۼ䣬˲䱻ըƽء
һ໤ϣڿ֣Ҳǰ
Ҳ̫׺ˣ

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ڵ̼ʧΧһѻıڰ߶𽥿ʼɢȥ
ֹɱֱӻĻǣûаٴػĻᣡ
ǸˣҲӲΪһ˵ʱƶı䣬֮ǰûжΪֳǸˣǹ˭ںꡣΪˣŻյ£Ϊ֪ۺʱնỤͽܣΪԼ̫飬ǰһվߵλӣȴûһ˵˵
ȴúһк󣬹ξ
ĴҲѸٵĴĽԶʧȥһǣ߹ĽԶѾްˡ
˵ͷŮҪúչĽԶ
ȻҲգиŮš
̴Ӹ߹˵Ůǻˡ
峤ȥĵطǳ˲ȥģҸͬ飬ùȥ
룬ӼŮ
Ůһɫĳȹһ˫Ҳǰɫļÿüﶼ͸һˮ۵Ϣ
ŮʱЦЦǰϲ˴ʦģ
ҷ˵ٹЩӣ˴ʦֹΪʦΪĵʦŮЦĺᣬⲻҹ˴ʦմմϲˣ
ŮʮֵĵûʲôǸ
˴򽻵ȷ̫ˡ
˵峤ǧ¾˵ǧ¾Ǹ༫ɫ꣬׵ʱĬĬţΪĸ󣬻һαŰӡǧ¾ʮһ꣬ͻȻ䣬ֹѸٵΪҲúֲܿڵǧ¾˵ΪͺʦࡣҲΪǧ¾ĴڣŻ˷֧л壡һֱǧ¾Ǹ򵥵Ȼôߵأ
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ŮƺϲĻشԼΪ⣬һĸ߹Լǧá
ʵŮıǧãֻǱ޵ߣʱĸ׻ţܻΪǱĹϵ׵ʱʮֵļѣĸΪȥˣų׵Ŀʼı䡣ٺǧ¾
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ϲһˣô̵˱ٵһأ
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ôȥ׷ˣ֪εǧʲô뷨
ǧüⲻԼΪǹûгףԲ޵飬Զοˣ֪ѡһжôҪˣ
ȻҲ˵ĽӲãֻûһܱȵҷ
ǧðһЦ˫ɫȫŨ⣬ҲǷ˵ϲ֣µģ
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УǧôӿռóһнҪĶ
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ŵһɫͨɫᾪȵˣϧɫϹʱڵɫûаҲ˵ɫǧ¾ĳطҵϹɫ
ΪϹʱڵԣɫɫΣʹȥô꣬ɫûа
Ƿųȥ۸Ѿˡ
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ҷ˵Թ˴ʦһܿϹʱڵĶǧöԹգգۣ赣ģⶫﲻ٣һҲûʲôϵ
ѽǧ˵ʲôһס죬ҲҪ˵ô˵ˣ
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˵ֻһ͸㣬һ͸˻ǧ¾峤ӣһ
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ǧüҪֱ˹˵Ҫʲô
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ΪͲͣЩһֱǧ¾õҩĹȣֵʱ򣬼ҪϵԹ
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345 

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ܿһС߳
һɫɴᣵĵȹӱ̧˳ɴϲֹԪܳһСС弶㻹߱ˣȹӵȹϣī˰ȣȹڵɫǻɫǷ׭
Ҳ˵ôһȹӣֹܸ޵ṩԴԴϵԪз͹Ķ
Ҫʵȹ̫Ưˣ׺ӣҲǼ亱Ķ顣
ŮǴϲƯĶǧҲ⡣
ԴʱǧÿȹӵʱֱӺۣʮ򣡡
ǧúҲ˽źʮ򣡡
ҳʮ򣡡
СĺڿȹӵʱʵҲĿһ
ʱ͸䣬ȹӼֱΪһںŵļӣҲ˺ϲ˼
ǧúͺִʱûվȻҪֺĻģ
һȹӶѣж
ֻҪ˿ģ໨ԪʯҲûʲôϵ
ôҲû뵽ȹӵĵ׼۾Ȼ˵ĸߣһļֱ́ʮ
ɵˡ
ȹĵһٶĸ߼۵ʱ򣬺鿴˿ߵǣҲ֪ȹûԵˣڹһ겦ԺľҲͰʮȹӾȻĵһٶ
ĺϲĲԶ׼
̾һ
˼̫ģ㰲οиõȹӣȹҲ
˲˵ãһ˵ˡ
弶ͷ׭̵ȹмȹӵ۱Ĳ¶Ҫÿ
һȺûԪʯҲˣûӣ

346 ر

һͷβĶǼ亱⡣
ԪʯҲһ⣬ҲĶˣ
ǲˡ
ûаĵ绽ɫѿˡ
Ϊĵ绽Դ㹻Ķ֪ļ۸Ͷʵûǰһ
ѹûСУΪ˵ĶҲ
ѡĶֱİϵԪʯܰƬĽԨ޴ıľʯһЩѵһݺһЩݵĸӣ
Ҫǣһŷ绽һٸĺӡ
ȻıɣҲ׵վ˽ŸصĺǣҲںϲƴǰô֣е˲Ϊ˺̻ìܣ԰Ѵǰĺͻˣû취ˣֻһ͹˽ף
ֻǹ˲ܶڷ׭ӡǣĽԨ޴ȥˡ
ⳡ˺ܴĺ䶯˶۹оȻܾôᣬ˿ʼϵĶЩ˴δġ
֪ҵļ˶ˣҵСҲˣҶûⱲܼҵˣ꣬˵һ黯ԣʮֵܼҵˣã
ɲǣó飬ʵһأҲ֪˭ĵˣ
ҵûҵˣҼҵˣ
Ǹң
㶼֪
Ҳˣ
ֹҲ˲ٵˣǻҪ̻أ϶Ҳ֪Щļཾɣû
Ҿеø˭֪Щ˵ĸӣóıóЩҲаȻлԪʯ
۵˶ھеҲˣкˣӴҪԸЩ壬ҲҪ˼еĴˣҲΪεᣬٵ޵Ϊø͵ļ۸򵽵ҩֻܼУмԪӤ˹ĵҩֱӺǩǧԼ
Щ߸ϣѡ񣬵ȷеҩԭҲˣЩմ޵춯
ЩͨȥҵȴڵĹĵϡ
һٸӻʱ嶼ˡ
иͷ԰׵ˣһӺ󣬱ҵѾΪûˣȻţ
ѾСһҰף׵Ŀ޺Ҳ˳ңң
˶ȺҵԼʶף޵ЩֺΡ
ǰһĻҲᡣ
Ϊ峤ʵ˵¶飬ǲôҲû뵽ЩΪȥˣ񶼻ˣ
ץˣ϶ô׵İͻضʲôصĶǣ屾Ƿ˹飬ְǴһٸӣ⺢Ƕδ
ﰵ¶󣬱ͳҪĲرͼ
Բ˵ⱾĶʵҲ˺ܾãòý
ǴϣҾҪģĹ˴ʦʵѹȱԪʯҪǰߣҪ
ڰѲرͼǸõ
Ϊܾ֪˵ͷ˵û
ʵرͼ͸Ǹģֻ̫æˣҲûץʵĻǺܺõʱ
ҲҪ֪ͼ
رͼǣҲδҵҪǣҵҲδܽȥ˹ĺܰȣǹ˴ʦĺӣҪж
ͲҪùȥıء
ڵ֪Ϣʱ΢΢㵡
ΪͲֶĹˣҪرϢеѵģû뵽ǻ˵ʹ졣
ЩҲûװ׵ĸ
Ͳ˵˲رͼ
嵱׳ʱĻҰһķݶһطﱾǹ⣬֮ĻҲʶ˲ãԿʼЩŲ
˵ʵ廹һķɴЦЦҲֻǴ˵Ͼ̫ˣɴǵĳҲû
֪ɴȴ֪Լķɴ
ô˵ҵ뿴Բ˵ȥرͼĵط޺룬峤ȥ̫㣬ôϺһɣ

347 ɴ

ʵҵĲرĵطǲȥá
Ϊ峤ҴĶؾʱȥĻ˳
Բǰȥ׼ġ
ɹȴȲãڵ崦ڷչڣǲȥĻôȵľЩʹ˻ŲһЩ顣
Թ룬ȥ
ǳŵĲΪĴϣȻΪһЩȥ壬ôҲĵİһй峤ܸ߲
Ҳ֪Ĺ˼ش𣬡治ȥ𣿡
ʵҵѪҺᡭã˵ؾĵ·ϣҪҵѪҺ
ֻҪѪҺϴҲеģͣȥؾϢض˶й¶ϢϻаĴڣ»ᱻ˲µεг̣
֮ǰҵʥŮ߹ʵһڶڶĽǵ¼һЩ뿪ʵΪߣ֮ǰڹѸٵվȼλӣҲΪǵռ׼ȷ
ȻҲΪռĹ׼ȷ𷣣Լжӣǵزʷǳĸߡ
ΪԽߵ޵ߣܵºӵļʾѾСˣڼĺȥƵԼĳǶۣ
峤ʥŮгǣҹﳩ̸˺ܶκ˾
ʮڣ岻κռ
ҲΪԭ򣬼ﲻٵ˺ͱҷִǾòռᵼԼΧû룡
Щ˲ǲģģǵδöҪҪԼܲܵõõչ˺ʹ
˵һλɫаͶռҡ
ʥŮ߹ʵռҵЩٵռҵҲ˰ٴΣ±µİζʥŮǿЦ˵Լռʵ
̻εѾսˣռֺеУռȻҪԸ
ĳɫò˵ĿⶼˣռеҪ֪ϵ𵽵һˣ
ڱɽû£ǹ̤ɽǵĵؽʱ򣬾ͺ˵ˡ
û׼ڱɽһӣ߳ȥ
Ҳ˵ҵ飡̾һôļ壬ܿÿ˵һУ֪ÿʲôǲ
ȷǲ
ǹǸˣðܿ͸Լȫ飬ñҲܾ˵һһ
Ͳ˺ܾú󣬲ŵͷòŹǰȥ
Բ˵峤ģҼʹҲỤŹ˴ʦģ
治ԸˣǱϾĵ̣лµĶ̾һʵ˴ʦԼȥҲδزУֻǲЩ黹ǣ
ԻҵԶŵļ䣬ҵĶȻԼȥӭأ
Ϊ˷жһɴ
ɴƽƽ棬ڶķɴԵüƽȴķ󣬻弶ڵķ׭ʦµĹ󷨣ɴ죬ϹŵʱĶ˵ĽҵϵıҪʱԶ˳ˣ
߹ĽҵϵɴһĽϲģ
ĽǸϲƵˣϲصĶùԼӲ࣬Բҷɴ
ɴ㣬һҺңƫСһķ׭ҡڶǴ͹۾̨ǾżʮʺĿͷò˵Ľβÿͷʮֵģ׺ŵҹϵȵƷֻҪССܼǲϲâͻ޹⣬˾˿Ĳ
ҷɴࡣ
öԪʯʡ
֣˵ҪԪʯ
ϵڱ£ЦĻ𣿡
˵ؾ﷢ϴݣһҪһ˵ǲˣ
ǿЦˣ
νϴݣʵϹŵʱµĶݿϴ޵߶ƩģϴݻȥҪ
ֻݣѾʧǧ꣬ݴ½ܶ˶ȥؾڣûҵϴݰϢ
ݴ½ѹûһϴݣôҵĺöأ
ĽҵĶȻôõģ

348 

֪Ϊʲô㿪Ȱô㲻øڣɴҲã
ʵ֪ݣΪ˭ģ
ЩΣĽҵĵϵĺǶ㣬ΨǸ⣡
һ޵ߣ̫̫뿪ӣҲΪӵ̫ˣ
ЩܾԼ޽ŮǸгϢΨӡŲ£
޷ҲҸУ
ʵҶ֪ϴĶֻڴ
Ľҵйϴݣ޷Ľҵһ룬Ҳ뿪ԼЩ޵ǻѡԾҲûУ̫Աħ˾·
ĽҵȻҲվǸףȻ뺢Ƕúõġ
Եͷã
ҴӦĽ棡
ԣۿ˲ͺˣɴã׼㹻ݺ͵ҩչذҲûģ
ϴݵ£ҲõģҺڶ֪ϹŵĶܶ඼󴫣ֻӻȥѣ
֪˼
ϣϴݴڡ
Ҳ޵˵ų޵ߣΪĹڣҲԼ𽥻ᱻӰħóһṩ˲ٵݣôҪЩħʵҲҪѲٵԹҲȥٱħţĻһû滹ϴݡ
γ󣬱ȥ峤ǧ¾
ǧ¾˵ǸؾڣϴݵĴڡ
ĽͷɴʵΣռ֪Ϣ
һɫĳۣЩƣϣռҵĴ̫̫Цôûأ
֪ģҼòϲôһŮˣռҴ̫̫ЦǸĺӣ
һ⻰˫ȴֳЦ⡣
ҵǰװЩѵ֪ʲô𣿡˵鲻Ȣʮ߹ΪȢӰɣ
弶ʦ弶׭ʦ弶ʦŮˣݴ½ҲҲڶϧȴǸԪӤΪڷڣǻ޿κˣ
˵ˣңҲԦŮˣ
˵ʱ΢΢ۣòʱŸ欣ݴ½ǣ
ˣռҴ̫̫Ƥ
ڻģ
Ҫ𣿡ƲƲ죬ռҵѾǧˣڰǸŮˡȻռڵòʮֵǴԶˣҲ볢С˵ζ
˵ô涼ԡҵ˼ɣ
ҰռλӺҪȥǣǴҪȰߣ
⺢Ȼˣа취ݵĻָ֮ǰò
ռҴ̫̫ǿһ߹һ룬װɣ
ҡףռҴ̫̫ռҶ꣬ӹӱη֮ģŮ˾͸Ϊ˷֪޷յͷ͵ģȴûа㷴˼ռ̫ˣԼĶռҵĴڸи̫࣬ռҴ̫̫ҲǴӹˣ޲Լȡߴô죡
ϧѹͿ
õԼҪĴòĺ󣬲ſʼռλӡ
ʱȻ֪ռҵĶ
桢ĽԨ޴вһŲرͼŵĵطȥΪط޺;ʱʱޣĽԨ޴ȥġ
濴ĽԨ޴Ϥó޵ڵʱ򲻵òַɴϡ
Ҳڹҩİ£˳ߵԪӤڣԴʱǲ˵ĻŵǴɡ
ڷɴڣŹݵ裬̧۱㿴ĽԨ޴սӣһʱҲ̲ס̾
ĽԨ޴棬˵òĳɫⱲӽӴ˲ٺÿˣȴûλ׿Խ
ǰĹòȻûлָЩƽȴʮֵĸ߹ǶǰĻҡ
ò̾ǰͷˣ
ǵĺӣڿʼˡ
õʮö޵ڵкܶ弶޵ģĽԨ޴˵ɴһ²һö޵ڵЩõڵܳŲٵˣ

349 

ĽҽķɴǼʵһϹŵĴƳɵġ
ԼԦɴԴ޵ڵˡ
һҪΪϵ޲ŻһС龧ˣЩ˱ܳΪԦɴԴ
ںҲвٵľ˳ۣǼ۸񶼲ͣĽԨ޴͹飬ԼȥɱһЩޡ
ʵĽԨ޴뷨ܼ򵥣ԼЩߵ̫˳ˣûʲôʵսľ飬ܺ޲£ؾҲۻһЩ顣
ĽԨ޴˵Ҳͷ˵뷨û
ʵڹڵӵǴΪͣǲ˶ǹ޵ͬ޵ߵĶ֣ΪȺ߸ڵӵǣѹû˭ֹȴ֪ôʹã
⼸ĽԨ޴ʱҪæ֮Լоһ׽ʽʮֵ
˽²Թ˵˲
ĽԨ޴Ǹƽ͵ˣʵȴǳǿʤǱħǲĽԨ޴ߣȴûиܵ˿ħòʮֵĲ죡
ûвã㿴ĽԨ޴ÿ쵽㶼ҪһЩҩ
Щҩ඼ħģڹڵļ۸ҲͣĽԨ޴õҩϿԿĳϰ˷ҩѾʮֵϤˡЩҩʱûΪʲôԾĵط
ѹֲ˶ӽ˭Ҳ֪ϵжٵҩ
ĽԨ޴ϿδķޣǲܸܵĽԨ޴֮ѹûʲô飡˵Ƿޣ˵ĽԨ޴ʮֵιǹĵһ
ǰĽԨ޴ΪòڹҲҵһŮΪӣȫûбҪ˵ı΢ĸڹߡ
ĽԨ޴ԼԸ⣬Բʹ͸ˣҲδ˵ʲô
Ϊ뷨ĽԨ޴һģǸֵҲǸֵøˣ
ɴԽԽرĵصʱΧֵ޵ĵȼҲˣȳڵ޵ʱĽԨ޴ԸЩҪ֡
һֱδ֣ΪֵʱİȴڼԦ󷨵ʱַȴȻСڽӡʱ̬ȴӻ߳Ůһ
óľϵڿϿһ壬С͹СԹǳΣԻԴԴϵһս߼ħ޵ʱ򣬹ԸҲǴ´࣡
ҪСˣɫܲãѾ߼ˣ
߼ǿԻγΪˣԽթóԼϢԸҪСģŹɱ߼ޣΪǸոսҲЩĿˣԲŻᱻͷ­߼ڵޣôʮֵļˣҲ˵رͼĵطʮֵΣգȴ뻹߼ޡЩ±޵ץҲס޺
̫Σˣ
ţȻҲģһֱΪǸĴڡ
ҲһֱڷЩޡ
һ·ִЩطޣʵѾ˲٣߼ƺѾ뿪ˣĳط
Щ޺޵һʮǿߵģЩҪʲôѾʺţ
ˣȷɴһƲĴɽʱ򣬲ſ˵ɽϵİƣҵӡǣ
ۣȴûп㰵ơ
ǲѹֲط
ԹҲû˿ķ֮ģ̧ץɽϵһŹľϵҶڹǰһɺɫϢסҶһ̹Ҷϵİƣǽɫӡǣ
ɽϵľӡǣش𣬡һҲƲĻҺ峤
͹˷ɴֵȹպ˷ɴãһȺ˳ɽߡ
ɽӦСһЩ˵ĻóͻҲһƣ
ɽżĸߴ󣬶ɽȴһֵϢϲζ޵ȴЩ£Ϣ
һ޵ȻﻹЯħ޵ʮַƵĴڡ
ħǵΪͽ
屾壬ħǶǲƷҲƳĽԨ޴Ĳϲ˲ٵħ
СС绹ѩȴϲϢǶڹĿѩǰħ˿˲٣ħɢʮֵĿ졣
ˣһ⻬ɽͣˣ˵Ӧþˣ
̧֣һĺɽΧ˿Ķ

350 ɽ

濴ǰһУ΢΢ʧ
ĽԨ޴ƹһżڲһ˵ڵʱ򣬱ܿλ
ĺܳ
Щ濴Ź¹Ժߵڣ˴˵Ĺʵһ·ߵļüζû
е޵߶ܹܹܳʹͿѡ
ĽԨ޴һŬ׷ϹĽŲ
ǹߵ̫ˡ
ͷŵĺɫϢ𽥵ʧ󣬱⻬ɽȴһȽɫĴš
վڴŵĽ£ԵüС˴
żƯİƣϸĿȥ֪һϵ˴ŵһ̣ۿ˲ͺˣ
̧¶ĳ򣬺ɫĳ΢΢ɿӽķ
ţ¶Բ׸ǶŴδ
Լó֮ǰ׼ѪҺԲ桭
ɫĴʲôԴĶһŷԵĹâҪϹ۾
ͷŵĹâҪɽȶİգһɹɽɫĹâɽȡ
ŻĴ򿪣ڵϣԹ˵ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ĽԨ޴Ҳûǽȥ֮󣬴űѸٵĹرˣɽǹɽɫĹâҲ˲ʧĸɸɾɽָֻ˸ղŵӡ
˷֣âʧˣͷӬһȻҲˣ
ɩռҶүδüͷ˵㷽߿ЩôҲأ
ռҴ̫̫ôҲû뵽ռҶүȻ˵᲻׷飬ռҴ󷿵飬ռҪڹ򣬶ռҶү
ռҴ̫̫֪δǸȱˣδǣΪδʮֵȤֹǶȤδԲٵ嶼ȤЩδ˲ٵլȻٰЩĥһϢٰƳɵҩȡǵڵҲ£δ̫߱ɱĸо֮򲻵ʱδɱߵһЩŮ̴ӡ
ʵռҴ̫̫δһκδо˵µĺöڿرĵطòӦˣ
׼ȷ˵ӦӦҲҪˣ
ΪռҳڣѹŮ˵ģ
Ů鷳δǷ꣬÷ɴϵȫʼѰؾڣռҴ̫̫ҲòС
ȻһжĴѾϰ˱۸
飬ȴ֪һЩģ
ڿŵʱ򣬱ܵһֵŻ˼ҴҵĻ˽
ؾƺҲֵܵԹŵٶȷǳĿ졣
ͬ󣬹Ǳȱܻ˵Ӧռҵ˰ɣ
˵ͷռңӦûռǵλӣ
ҶЩħķһϲɱ壬岻δʱɫĲãķŭԶ׼һֱҵ˶˵ҵġ
̾һż˵˵ǵ޵߷ŸҹѪҺһЩ
˿ܻ˵δ飬һֱü
ʵռҵ˱ͺгɼֻڶռ˲һԲҲĴڡڵ˿ܻ˵δ㣬ҪСĵʱ򣬲Լûпˣ
ӦʱҲڣץʱ䣡ȺߣΪĳϣڻӶʱҲͷһЩ˲ŻеϢܿ챾ڵɽһƬө棡
Щөƺ˯˺ܶ꣬żϢ󣬶ڿ
ɽΪЩөһĨɫĹâ
͸ЩâɽǽϻŲٵͼ滭ں޶ǰƺ޵ߵĹϵǹͬޣ޵Ľڽڰˣ޵ǲŵõһڴϢĻᣡϧ޵ǲŵõϢĻȴʼ̰ͼĶ˲ŮͺӣŭˡĻҿʼһսˣ
ͼʮֵϸֻǿǽͼȴ̲סˣЩ𱨵
ǵֵסޣȴ̰Ůò飡

ˣڲο޵Ҳδȫǻˣ˴ʦԣǻҴڵʱһ
ˣֿԹվˣ
˭ҲԸڰҲһ

351 ʯ

ĻҺڶһģϲݻԼʹǲرң˱ڻ⣬һյĹѨ
һ·ΪвĻţδ谭
ĻҶԳϺ峤ǶʮֵţΪϵĲߵ˳
һȺ˴СʱөȴͻȻͣˣͣЪһССʯͷ档
Ϊөڶ࣬ڴʱͻȻͣһطԹ죡
ɽϵѾ˼꣬ȻûΪ֯Ļþڣڴħǵ˺ɽʯڶ**
ϻͣЪŲٵө棬ɫӫ£Χ
ǰǰĺɫСʯͷȥСʯͷͷ
Ĵʯӵҵˣܼ̳ĴУСʯǿʲôϡ䱦һķڻҵûлҵѪɡ
ӦϡĻѪɣ˲Ļ⺢ССģóûþֻʲô
ţǲܲ³ЩһֱŲꡣ
Ļ˲ĸףҵʱ˭Ҳ֪ĸлҵѪԴһ뿪ˣ
ĻһҪսģĸ뿪ˣʹⱲӶڻҲ̳лҵĶ
޷Ϊĸڵ²ʱѲİųϣҪòꡣ֮Լǿ岼һ֮ҲΪݽ߶
뿪޷
Ͼ˭ֲأһвΪǲĸ׵ĴĸûڻҵϣɼǲĴڵģͻҶѡ뿪ҲԼѡ
Ǹúӣ²󣬺Ͳ˲ٵӣ֪ǸӴƵĺúӣɼųЩѲ̵ĺܺá
ʹųȥ󣬲ҲûäĿȥÿһˣҪ޵ߵ硣ԹΪʸ̳ʯġ
֪һֱܹԡûзĻҪʱξѴʯͻȥǲܴ߽ȥˣ
ţͷǻСĵģ
ϾʯڲڻãΪڲӴ˵һ𣬴ʯڵĶͻ𽥼٣ȷġ
ȻԭҲǲǰˡ
ǵ˴ʯѾˣĶø߽ȥ϶ָȫûбҪ
Ҳ֪뷨ԼĽԨ޴泯ȥ
ϾǲرĵطΧħ⣬ҲùƻĲˡ
ССʮֵĸˣѩ𶼸˵ĺǵɣЩħԹҲ첻ʲôвˡ
ò˵ĻƺһŶڻϰߣǰĵرң˲ٵĶ
ʵҲǼ󣬹ѡԼҪĶĽԨ޴Ҳ˲ٵĶ󣬽ȴһǰͣ
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һпռӣ
ӷڹǰϣ
ϱС绯ɵӣĹСֵϣмߺ
Űɣʧ񣬲ɵЦЦϺ󣬻棬ҵľģ
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ЩһֱԼһߣδи˶ܺù޵߽ӽζ
ϰˣԼһȥ
ֺγ֪ԼĸԼȴһ˿˿ٵ顣
Թʱ֪һں㣬ǻῼĸܵģǰ㵱
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˵˴ռҵ˵ʱ˿ûԥ뵽Ҫվڹߡ
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ͼǲܰﵽܶࣿ
浱Ȼ֪ڵʲô
ЩŹǿʵΪԼһˣ

352 в

ǧǰ޺޵ǵĴսʵ嶼ܲҡ
ʱ޵ǣЩ޵δǶ֣
Щ޿ԻΣģ޵ǵӺͶĳ޵ǵĳǳأ޵ǽڽڰˣ
޵ȻӮˣȴҲӮĲҡ
ʥŮΨһĹŵδȻⳡս
δȻͽĸǾ˵λͶһ壬һλĺʦ
ǧȥˣ޵ѾǵǧǰĽѵˣǶԼѻӵ²ٵ忪ʼ壬սȫ½
¹Ժʱ򣬿ɽϵ˺ۣЩ˺㹻սжôĲң
ڵ֪ٵ߹ǵĶʱ򣬱֪Ϊʲô˵
𣬲ҪЩΪԼЩʲôҪݴ½޵ǡϧЩ˻ڰԵĲ²ǲΪԼȨΪ˺ĹĻȨ֮ǵǸ񶾵Ůˡ
ԼǲںЩĽԨ޴йߵ۹
ȷǺöûзѵͼԼռȴûˡ
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Ĳ֪ô͹˵лˣʵҵĴУδزܰʯͷɱϾߺǹȴûǴ󷽵øˡ
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ĻǵĶô֪ʲô
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˵Ϊж͸ñڵˣ
ΪųϵĽĺãԲȫûгᣬ֮û˿Ǳ׼òܴС
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ΪҪܴУ߻ĽԶһ壬Ҽλ˹æ
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ĽԶ˵вٵ˶ħجΣҪ˰æЩجΣȻҲǰװЩ飬ҲԪʯã޵˵ȻҪܾģϾ˭ڣ֪ܰĴæڳͷ󣬿϶뿪ˣĽԶԲû˿Ļɡ
Ҫ壬Ҳˡ
ŮóξòŮӣħʱɵһЩħԲԸȥԼ
ڵ˴඼ŹͲԺܿʮŮǰȥ
ԣڵȫΡ
ĽԶȷûпŮ˵Ҫðǵʱ򣬱ĽԶԿһֻ֣үĽҵĵϵү
ĽԶôĽԶĹϵҲˡ
ҪæȻӦ
˵ԼһΣξرĵطɽһƬȪأԹ˵ȪˮŲٵԪ
ȷѲٵıҲ˲ʱδ
ץסռҴ̫̫ķ˿ǶһĶһߣѪҺ棬Ϊʲô
ŮѪҺֻҪ˹Ȼ㣡δͺ𣬡ֻҪˣôǱлץˣ
жٱѵ֪𣿡
ռҴ̫̫ʱʮѵǱϻвٵѪ˵ĸһģ
ү㻻ӰɣģѵҪ𣿡
δռҴ̫̫ЦΪռףⲻǺ¶ҪΪռȴûأ
ɩԹϣȻô

353 

δռڶһδЩŮ쵱ˣǵ޷ӻң޷ǶǸԼõĹߡ
ЩδỽռҴ̫̫һɩ޷ΪŮ顣
ȻɱϾռҵĺӣֵõЩָָ㡣
δһֱӣʵ඼ռҴ̫̫ĴǰĸˣԶ׼޵ߵջ᳣פɻıһЩ˵òƩڵŮˣʹЩ˲ٵĵҩüۼϸƻԶ׼
ٴռҴүδ˵ԼӿűԼθ
ֻռҴүڻ̫鷳ôҲģԱ㲻֮
Ȼ˶ǣռҴ̫̫Ǻεȵ޶ˣ׷޲ԪӤΪڹҲǼɫŮޡ
ֻѡ˷ѡԼôĵط
Ͻĸδƺûʲôˣǲ֪رĵطʲôɣ
Ҳǣүô㣬ߺأ
δһߣǹٵõߺӦҲˣʱҪԸЩ鷳ˣϽģ㣡
СѾͷͦںģֻҪ£ض׷ʱıߺ
ʵˣҵʱû׼ܱסһĥĥ󣬿ɾͱˣ
ĸռҵ
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ںǳʱ򣬱ںǵˣĸŮǲŻ
ռĵλҲҪ
ǼСǲôֱӿǡȻһĸĸܵ˺ʵѾܴˣδҪռҴ̫̫õ˵ĸ׵Ŀ档
Ҳ˵ΪͣռҴ̫̫֪ˣ
ûȫȥ棬ǵʱ򱻸ǿɣôֱӲ²лĻᶼû㳹׵ıˣ
ηҲûеģ
ռҴ̫̫Ҳ֪ռҵˣŮӿʹδϵĳɩҪʱδ˿գ۵ġ
ռҴ̫̫ˡ
ͬʱѾŹȪС
Ӳκ˶õģԪӤϵ޵߲Ų˷еԪ˳Ӻ㿪ʼʹ
ĽԨ޴쳣ôˣ
˵峤˵طߺؾˣ
룬̽̽һɼֱֵ̫ϤϢˣȷߺ
ֻһ֮ǰƺЩһߺȷסһЩƺһ˵˫֡
ȪԪһῪʼߺ˵˺˶˵ͷ
ȻҲߺĴڣ˵ӡźֲܿĶϹʱΪ˷ӡķ˲ٵѪµʧӡĶƺҲ׵ʧйܵõʵҲһˡ
ϹʱڵĶκ˶лӵеģƺ֮ܲ󣬻ӹķԸ
˵ÿλӶĶܶ벻ӶʵӵľϵߺԵЩļͣƺѾ쵽޼᲻ݵĵز
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ʲôĿģԸ˵ҲȥʣϾÿ˶Լ˵飬ԼҲ
ȥ룬Ǳ۾ʼȪԪ
ڵߺѾڿʼЩʧˣƺӡס˫֣˫һ
˼ǲҴ
ȹպȪԪʧĸɸɾȪͨȪˡ
˺һ޴
ͬʱδűգ𽥵¶˽ɫƲʡ
Ʋһ޴ʯʯƺʲôƲʵʯʯƤҲ𽥵ɶʼɶʯȥ
ʯĶʲôҪΧƺҪٻʯڵĶǵڸ߸裬ڻʲôһ
δû֣룬ŵͺһ䣬⣡
ûõŮˣδһϢռҴ̫̫ҲʮֵΪ̫ˣ

354 ʯ

ЩռҴ̫̫֮ߵԪӤڣҲΪΪͲټռҵȷ˲ٵҩ޵·ûʲô̫谭
ϧʱ˲ٵ֮ûôԼʹԪӤڣԪҲδ档
ڵҪԸ棬ҪĸͱѪԼŨֱ֮ӿˡ
ֻռҴ̫̫ҲǸ޵ߣΪռ£ҲҪ˼Լ
޵ߵĿɹҪҲҪ̵ܿ
ռҴ̫̫ЩڹڣҲڶΪʧܵˣЩ˼ʹţȴ˲˹޵ռң޷ռҸԼԼߵĸ߸Զϧʱͷŷ֣ͷʢʵڽռҵʱ򣬱ѾʼˣڵռҶԣǸп޵Ķ
ɷԼܶˣ˫޵ĻᶼӰŮһĴڡ
Ů浹Ǻȴ͸Ů
ǸӣôЩͲôˣ
ռ˵뷨ʵںܶ޵Ƕ⣬ڶ޵ߵʵһУ
ŮǹħֻҪкܸߵʵôη㣬ʱͷһıνӢ۲ʳôһ
˭ΪӢۣӢ۵̤ʯЩ޵伫ΪҲԼΪǰһ
ռҴ̫̫ѪҺ˺ܶ࣬ԼһϢδԼδȴԶ׼ޣռҴ̫̫ʱ׹˱޵߲õĻþһ£ƺѪҺ׵סˡ
еˣʯֻ䣬ȴû¶ӡ
ΧʼضɽҡʯƺҲڿʼ𽥵ҡΣиҪ泹׵ѳ
ͻȻв֪ɳһصɫƲʣҲΪĳ֣𽥱Χɫ󣬱üĺڰδĿãҪǴߺˣ
׼ȷ˵ЩʵҲߺйϵΪߺĲӰ
ͬ߸ͬķںڵҪ׵ķӡʯڵĶԵʯڵĶʼ
ʱڴӺһߺ˳
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һ˫ϸ۵˫ָ֣ϻͿĨŷɻ֭Һʹôȥˣ˫ȴǳһƺһҲǱ˿ĺۼ
еߺʼһߺӡ˫֣Ҳ˫ֵĶϿһӡ
ӡûв´ĻǸϵķ
Ǿʲôʲôķ󣬶ȴûаͷ
˫Ƿ󷨵ӡǣΪʲôᱻߺӡأԺɻԽԽ󣬶ʱǰȻ˻þ˵֣ӡ
죬ɹͨάˣ
ˣҲҪǣ
ӡӡ
ΧƺλŮӡ
ŮӵӰϸСһһɫĳȹΧƮڵסòָļ޳ϸѸٵĽӡĶһɫͨĹâԵøӵʢ
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СףǲǷˣ㲻άͨˣ
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ҲҲݴ½һᣬſ
ܸܵŮӵıߺ;һݷΪŮӣԺȫǾϵĶȴͣЪӿռק
ֲסˣ̫ˣԼǱһʯѹסһһĥ顣
ڻ֡
Сף

Сףˣ
˵һ𣬶Ǽð
ߺžۼһ𣬱ӡס֣ȴͻȻ˶˫ڽӡ֣ȴͻȻҲߺĶһЩ
ʱ򣬹ȴͻȻ˳˯
ֻͨĳ˯Ҳ˵Ľš
ᣬƺڶɹʲôѹһӸǲ
Ź֣
ǹ㲻ܱ˹ƻ˼
Ƕ棬ǵ𣿡
ĽԨ޴вڽӡ֣Ȼۡ
ۣ㿴һһѪ˳
ɱ˹˵Ҫɱ˹

355 

ĽԨ޴ķӦٶȼ죬סѹĹ㳯һ߶㿪
αͽСĽԨ޴ʱ򣬲ûзʲô׾١
棬ôˣĽԨ޴˫ʧǵѪֹס£ƺźܴʹࡣ
ҲĲԾǡ˸һþ˵ԣ˵Ļǣ
Ƕ꣡üҪչ
ĽԨ޴һߺͲûж涯֣һ˵Ӧռҵģռҵĳ
˵ռҵóˣռҵڵиܶӣԴʱҲǱˣ
ıȻ࣬ռҵû˼Щأ˵ʦѾˣʱڹںͻһЩ飬ռҵڲʱ뿪ڵģ
ˣӦռҵˣ˵ΪԸ߲̫࣬滹ܷ
ȷڷԵĸܵԼԺˡ
ĸ׵Ӱһ⣬α
ҵĸףҵĸװ
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ռҴ̫̫ɫܲãĻԺԵüĵС˵㻹֪ĸףô˵ģѹعڣӦü޸ĵܵܣ棬İѹѣҵĸףӦúúõҵĻռʲôûУ޸ĵܵܣҲһӶռңһӵѣأȫĸ׵Ļ㻹ùŸҰСܣѵ֪ҰСǸ𣿡
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ĸҵĴڱǲ˳ģ漫ĵֿռҴ̫̫ɣЦʮֵĿɬĸףˣҲŮӣ
ֻӣڱƫģҵٵĿϡٵĸ׶Ҫ͸飬Щʲô鶼ãأȴΪЩӦõģ͸׷ìܣ޴ҳ㱻ѵ⣬ҲҳСʱһõطĸףЩһֱ벻ףҲŮӰҲ֪ΪŮռҹĶôΪʲôҪأ
˵˵ţ͵ˡ
޵бͼѣЩҲٵŮޱĸų
СʱϲԺʵأֻܳԵԵϡΪÿ£ռҴ̫̫һЩ棬Ҳֵʱˡ
룬ĸ׻ϲԼģֻǵܻܵСĸҪԵܵܺã
ȥѧԺ𽥵ףЩʵûҪģĸøԼ
ȥ̫ϧˣһԼŮ
ŵģС󶼾ԼǸкӣĸײкߵ̫޷ϣúõҪ˷ʱ䣡Ϊĸ׿ģΪĸ׸Լĸ׵ĻƴӣǺ޲һֱչںûʲôѣϰжķʽ棬ңҲδԼǸŮӡ
֪ŮӲףԶߵŮӸĺãҲʱСĹϵˡ
С뾭һЩĵҩҲףŮǶôɰĴڡ
һֱŬУ޷ǾϣгһܺúõıЩСĺǡ
ôҲû뵽һжˡ
ĸ׸ʵǸŮӣҪǣӴĸ׵Ҳûˡ
ܲĴǼ˺ܶħСħչһӡλľԺ˵ϻкܶڵȴˣôЩõ˻ʧģ
ҲΪǵЩֻҲ뿴νʲôӣһֱֵڡ
ˣ˹
ڣˣȴ˹
濴ǰҪɵԼǵĸףΣ
ǰףΪʲôҪ˵Ĺ֣ߵŮǱ˭̣ĳЫˣ˹ϰˣǳūԣ㲻Һĸף
ϣҸ㣬ҵʵǸ
ΪŰ

356 ֽ

ռ̫̫ԭãѾܾû˽йˣ
˵ռҵĴ̫̫ۺʱռҴ̫̫֡
Դʱ滽һ䡰ϡʱĻǣǳ˶
죬
СˣռҴ̫̫˵Ҫ˺죡
㣿ʱĻҲԵռҴ̫̫˵ڻĽһҲ⣡
Ͼֻ֪ռ˽µⱲҲֻռǵһĶǵ㲻һ̤ʯѣˣѹΪѹûֵһҲ㣬ⶼҵģϣǶԸңҾҲ˵ʲôҪȥԸ㲻䣡
ˣ͸úռҵһ
滺վͷ­ҪΧǽײȥĺܼ򵥣Լˣôĸ׾ͿƲԼˣ
ǽвٵĻأҵĻʮֵľɵĻǺӣκε鷳
ȻȴûгɹƺײʲôĶһ
ڣиŮ˵ôأ
Ů˵գ£
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ŮӣյĽʵͱռĨĸɸɾԵѾһһĴڡϴһգӾͻѣռҲҲϵĴڹĸѣʵĹһˣǸ˽ΪԼˣǴʱĹȴҪɱϵģֹҪɱϣҪɱָʹϵˡ
Щݵ֭ҺͨԪӤǿ̫࣬ټϱйŷѪԴʱԺʱ򣬱վϷ档
̧֣ץסϵĻǣ˭ģ
û뵽ȻԺҹƻ̫ǿо˵սľ
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СȻҲǻ̬ϾϹʱڵĶĻǾ𣬺ųȼһеĶ˵Ļǣ
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һֱû϶֣޷Ϊ˲ֵ֣ôҲĸףɱϣôҲн١
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治Ը⶯֣ô顣
ʲôԸ˵ĥļҪɢ˵δ֡
ֱϵĻ˱䣬ȻϵĻ뿪ٷһϢ档
ЦôǶأ
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ǿ̫࣬ϱδ֪ʧˣ֪ǸϺ󣬲ʼϡ
ǸԪӤʹ̳һЩҲֻǸԪӤδ˵㲻ԪӤĶ֣ƭ˭
ģû˵ѡ֪δڻʲôǴʱõҩȻڴ˿̾ġ
ϧδѹûϣʲôû˼ըɽȣɽȶֳ˼Ķ
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˯ʱ򣬿˲ٽӡĶЩܶʮֵĿѣȴԼġ
ԵɽȵϿյʱδɫںתˡ
ڸҳ˰δŹ󺰣ϽĶȻҾôɩֱɱ棡
㲻ںСôϽģһһ·
·δ·ֿ̧ʼӡ˵ռҶүóӡҽձֽˣ

357 ӡ

ǰµʱ͹˵ռҵˣļԵʱǵնү
δڶռһŮӷδЩŮӶʲôöӽԼ޷ҲΪ棡
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͹˵Сʱһζò㣬ǸˡԸ޸δǳ˵뷨ֻΪĸĸҪһЩҩֻռܸǡΪףǰ޸δ
ʱδҲùһЩӣûδͳ׵ԭα¶
ȥʱʵ滹ȥ˽¼ľŮ˶ˣ˶ŻΪӵġ
ڸ˵©ʱ򣬲֪ŮӻΪδֵʱûпƺ
ٺδȢ˱Ůӡ
׵ʱϲɽԱչأȫ벻ףΪʲôռҵ˶˵Į̱飬ǵĹƺֻѪ֡
͹˵δʱλֻޡ滹˵ǿԣɱδ
ϧûлᣡ
δóӡЩץ˲ٵ壬ҲΪϲŰ壬ҲѧδԵʱŻ嶯֣
δ˫ֿʼɿĽӡòȻЩȱ˫ȴɳĺÿóӡˣָⶼļȳϸ۵ָ׸Ϳʲô͸һϺõʯ
ӡͬʱɫ׵İ
δҲܵ´ֵԸˣ˺󣡡
䣬¾ͳЩŹӡֶֻͨδẦ£ϾǵľֲȻľôҲû뵽ڿֲ棬һĳǸһһΧˣһ߿ʼϵĵ̣ĸӵļӲ
ССͺ͹ԼԴʱڰʼľϵټϹͿĨһЩľ֦֭Һٶȣǿ쵽δ
δˣÿһδĺ֣вѹûֱӱϵĵֱ̣Ӵ̴ӡЩģȴΪɵĲߣֱӱסϻ˵ϣΪϡ
˲ٵ޵ߵѪҺ͵ӱ˰ɫֺɫںڰɽԵüĹ졣
ЦżӡϿʼһ۵СһСţʼӶŻ꣬¶Ļۣ
ãҲҪδֹƿڴõⶼʲôС
ɽȻܴΧֲҲܶ࣬вټľǹõıľϵʽΧľܸṩԴԴϵǹֻδ˵ĿֻţЩϳĻȴδʼЩˡ
Щϻóƻ޵ߣҼϲ޵ߵ
ֻһ֣ѡ
ݴ½޵߶ϻкΪ˶ԸϻĳǰæϻóĻΪ廹ʧ˲ٵ˺ͳϡ
ڣûһܰﵽƳþ
Ҫסδۣϸǳϻ⻨źÿδȴñð亹
ͬʱһɫӰϿա
֪ǺʱӰ˳ӶԼ޴ĳδϷһǱս˵ĹȣʱĹڲϷϵӱ紵졣
ĴϣʵͲͲ£ʱΪȪʵǴǣԪӤڵʿ
ټ޵߱Ͳһǳʱ򣬾ʹôڣս
Цǣ˿Ľս̬Ǳδ޵߱Ƴġ
ۣڻӶͬʱϻҲʼɢۣʱɽһƬþ
δϽ˫ֽӡȻ󻽳ԼıҪֵסһƬĻþôҲҵĵϡ
ϧվûеֵסһƬþϮ
δϽۣȴŮӺͺǵĿ
үҰɣֻš
磬ɱңˣһиܵһмˡҪʲôҶ㣡
ڵҵڵҾͳ׵ûˣ
˴ˣҪɱңҪҡ
Щ˵еᣬеĿһδǡ

358 

ֻǻþδЩþڵĻδģ
δȺ۵ʱǰȴһƬɺ졣
ѪҺǺ̵ģΧŵѪҺҪһСˡ
ŮӺͺӣһòü
ͻȻиŮۣδʣΪʲôŹأ
ֻ뻻ݻȥҵܵܣΪʲôҪץأŮѵǵͲ𣿡
ֻҪţ͵ܵһúõĻţ
δʲô
Ůӵ𣬱С˶׵ġ˹һʼδΪʲôŹǣ¿ڴδǺ޲óһ
һŮӣҵܵˣŲңҵܵܶһɱˡ
ҲŹˣӦҲõõֻأԭ㣡
еĻᣬɱ޹ģЩʲôδҪҪµ
Ů˵㳯δ˹ſҧ˹ȥ
δҪֵסŮӵĹȴԼѹãԺķӡȴЩΪʹڸδӦøϽ˶Ļǣδֻܵϵʹȴ˿û뵽Ҫôȥ
⻷̫ʵˣ۵Ĵ󺰴С
ǰδȴ˿ûͣ½ӡ֣Ưδϵĺɫ棬֪ЩԹޡ
Щ˶δϵģǶ޹壬ΪСΪǲ֪δĥǵʱ򣬸񶾵İ취Ϊ̫ںݶЩСִƵˣŻⲻٵԹҲΪЩǣĻŻ˵Ч
Χĺɫ棬ЩеĺСеȴܴ
ⲻͬĻ涼һ
ЩԹޣȴΪ̫Сˣֻܱ˵ӫ⡣
СʲôأЩӫ⣬ϵĻ俪ĸǽޣΪΪЩģǰ뿪
ǵĹ׵ʧʱ򣬹㿪ʼЩ档
δĻ棬ȴڹǵʱԵüİ
δӴӿе䣬ɣȺŰǵУҲǱӦ
ǰһУҲۿһ죬ٿŻþܿ˵Ļ䡣ЩϤĺӣ
𽥾ۼһ𽥵ı˰ɫǼָɾ
ܿ죬Ͷһ޴Ľɫâ׵ɽȡ
һͨתͨǹ˲ӡ򿪵ġ
ӡķʽڻпùģ
ֻƺ̫ˣֻܴܸͨһЩ￴λŮӣȴǿԴɽͨ
лл˵
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ǿŹŹ˴Ȼǵʧвٵͨ
ᣡڹߵˮҲ΢΢һ
νᣬʵһּҵı
˵Ǳ˵һαҵľ
Щʱʱ캦飬ûˮġԹ޶֮˳ȲԹޣȥתôŻһᡣ
õ޵ߣҲ͵õÿ˵ĸл֮ʱ򣬱ٻᱻħ谭
ֻϵ̫٣Ϊ޵ֶΣҲѹòһᡣ
ᣬҪĸԸġ
˻ǣȻᱻвʹвˣµҲɫ
߷ᣬĳȶ𽥷ɵڡ
㣡и˵Ұ˵ݵݴ½ͨʵǿԴ򿪵ġ
Ұ˵㳤ĺС׽һܺС׽һģ
˵С׵ʱ򣬻ʣɺӵȴ׵ʧתͨ
ɽһɼ䱯òһ̲סᡣ
Ⱥ峹׵ת󣬹Ҳ͸֧˲٣ʱɫ׵ˣǱĽԨ޴ιһŵҩ
նүûˣδʬǣֵռҴ̫̫ţ
ۣҲΪ
ԣЦЦЦļ
ûи棬ʵϻţ
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ͬʱڵռլȴһƬ䶯
ô£˵үƳˣ

359 Ȩ

ռΪϢ׵ըˡ
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ռҵλмߵŮӣϲ֦ҶïЩ⼸Ӷ۰
ռҶүòǳڣڶں
ڷĺӣ׵ûˣ
ֹռļ˳׵ĻˣôϲİĽ𾪵޻˵
ռڣԸδռ˹λӣδ£붼룬϶ǹʲô飬ϾռλӸδط׶Σգȴû֪
δڹ޵У
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վүٲǣҲռڵĺӣֲһ˵ʲô
ռǱȽϻԼ˵ģʹôһֱΪռ£ڿռ˵ҲֻǸ˶ѡ
ô£үһ䣬ȥرĵط𣿡
طӽ޺ѡ˰˸СߡռҴүҲ˻ӣЩˣҺС¡û뵽⻹ǳˡ
ȥҹ𣿡үʣǲǹСˣ
үʱȫǷŭô˵ģҵʱ㲻ҪȥǹѾͷĺܣȻңĹҲռҵţأ㱻ɩƻǣȻ˴ɩĺȻӦҪùռңʲôֲǲ֪ǸڹⳤҰѾͷڻи׵άδߣ
ĺӣұöĻ£ȻȥȢһЬİ鵱𣿡
үԽ˵Խҵʱ˵ɱ˹ϱضвٵıҵû˵ɣϿߺֱõˣڱضˣ
ռҴүΪֶ꣬һֱΪϺڶܵǲһģʱүվүͰ䣬Ȼе㲻ܵģϾԼûϾ弶ĵʦó󷨺ͷ׭ܳΪռҵˣȻΪռٵ飡ǹΪռҵˣôϵĶ¹𣿿ϧ޴ĵܵȴԼĿģȻԼ
ֲû϶˵˵ó󷨣ΪռãռҴү˵ռңҲһңһҵλӣռҲǲԸ
ռʴȣһλȥҲδزãЩҩĿˣǼĵʦ࣡湺ҩּ۸񰺹󣡡
ǹռңȻƲٵĵҩ
үû뵽ռҴүάνĵλϣƺֵǵûаϵһ
үˣվռҴү⻰ʲô˼ڶ粻ˣͻöƣ
ĵܵܣûû˿ģҲûΪ𣬻ʲôǷǷǣүĻ£㵽֪֪˵ʲô
֣ɱ֣ܵܵʹǵĹʥŮתҲҪɱΪĵܱܵ𣡡
ռҴүҲˣû˵Ϊδҵ׵ܵܣô᲻أ
վүԶͰһֳĬԼֳΪ˱˴˵Ȩڻ˺ֵʱƺһҲ⡣
ߺϰߵʱҲһ
Լߵʱǻ
ռ˵Ĺƺϻ棬ԶνҪ
أռ˵Ĺ޵ߣһжΪԼһˣȫںߵ˺ѣЩ˶ǵ̤ʯ
Դʱվүѹû˵ʹ֪δڹʱģһԭĻ
վүռҵĸ飬ʵʱ򣬾ͳ׵ĸɸɾˣ
ļǵãδүôԴԼĺӵģ
ΪСŮӣķϲǵҪСƳɵҩ͸ڣ


360 ƽ

ЩһֱչأʵΪˣұˡ
νƣݴ½ѹΪ˴ڣʵ͸ȥˣ
ͨݵͨͱˣЩٵʦȥо͵ͨ޷޸ģ
ΪˣΪߵˣҲõ˲ٵơ
Ƕ̫ڼҾͻ׽٣ᱻ׵
ʦѡչأҲΪ걻׽˵̫أԲòչء
˵ʦչصĵطƺѹʲô
ʦڵ飬վүһҲ֪ģڲ뿪뿪ռˣ
ЩΪֺڣȻоʲô˵޵ߵȥƵҩʧʼߣȴɴӲδĲɱ嵽ڵĲɱͬ࣬Щδɱ˲ٵˣС뿴δʱ򣬶µֻܶ
Сվү˵ʲôʱ뿪ͺˣ
ǰ뿪ͺˣ
ʱվүѹûע⵽ռҴүүˣ˭Ҳ˭Ҫ˭ҪռռҵĻȨǸӹõ˳ˣǹƼҹ涼ҪִһǲòһĬվүͰ
ǸˣȻܾϼ飬վүŵô
ҵǾûô򵥣վүҲ֪ôģĥ˻ᣬȻ弶ĵʦҲ֪ʦƺôЩһֱ⣬óսˣڹ˺ռҵˣ
Ϣȥˣ˻ôռң˻˵һɽûõԪӤȻɱռҵĶүⲻЦ𣿡
ҵǲôţҲں˵Ŀɴأ֪ҲԺ͹һͣսǣ
վү֪Լ缫İ棬Ϊռҵ棬ҲռҶү͹йء
Ȼһ˵˾ͳ׵ĳĬˡ
ռҵĶүɱˣϢȥȷռûʲôô˿϶˵ַﶼɱնүʵռҵ⼸λʵҲôռҴүүϲ棬Ȼϲ˿Ǳ˴˿һۺĬľҪΪδҸԭ
ռҷ飬Ȼǲ֪ġ
ɱδ˰δԼȴĸϡ
˺صˣһμò٣Ǵʱȥ˹⣬ܻٵӣٿԴͷѡعУôѰ·
ռҵܣһ޹Ůˡ
ʵѹûж룬ȥԦֱӸϻ˹ڡ
ٻɴٺ󣬲źĽԨ޴һС᷿ڡ
һڲ裬ζܺãֲô޲ҶˣֲҶ̺ζǺϡ١
ôأĽԨ޴վʳ⡣
ĽԨ޴Ҫɱϵģ񶼻ǵϵͱˣвȹ޸ʱжôͶġ
Цģֻǲҵϣ
ЩĺܲףȻϣϱϾĸףɱϣħҲԸնɽٵʱһ鷳ͣˣҲΪħҷϣ
ȥ⣬һԦֱѡ˻ӹڡ
ռҵĶүˣΨһȥˣʹȥôأϾν࣬Ҳռ
ȥˣռЩܵˣеĳ޶йϣڵѷĲˣôֵܵסЩ˵ŭأ
ɷֻռ˵
ôԼѡġռңʼΪռҵŰΧŮӿʼĽ
ָԼһ裬̧ͷһԨ޴һҲɱδ
Ҳ֪ɱδԼܶ鷳ұɱҪݴ½ˣֻҪǸҶ˲ʣôұվڶһ棡
ǴϣһЩûеһЩ飡
ľܿܿףһûиߵ͹ģҲϣгһգĹڽϣϲĶһЩƯƽƽĹһҲõ£
˵ļϣʵݴ½ʼıһֱˣ

361 

ÿ˵һ䣬ĽԨ޴񶼻һЩ
ڹʱ򣬸ûʸסⰲȵĻڣȥԺѧϰˣ
ڹں͹в޵ߣһֱĻΪϡʮֲʺ޵档ôȥˣЩ޵ߵĻ⵽˼£
ĽԨ޴סɭֵʱ򣬺͸ĸԸǣгһסĳǳڽֵϡ
ʱĸǺ˵ǼԨ޴ôѧԺضѧԺĺӣ
ȻǵӣЩ常ĸȴʮֵĺãĺһڶԴ
ϧվûлڹĳǳסˣǵʴȳĨɱǵĴڡ
ĽԨ޴ЩǵЦˡ
ǿԡ룬ĺټ常ĸһ棬ǣڵԺΪѾﵽԪӤˣǴǰûһֵıڵΪǴܺõķ
ÿһڹж򲻵ı
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ҲΪ常ĸĽԨ޴ϧߵˣ֪ɱռҵĶүʱʶıǻŹǶܿ
ռҵĽԨ޴Ȼδ֣δδĶ֣޵ߵΪԽߣܵʶͻǸҪϧ
Ϊ˹ĽԨ޴ǲΪ
νʿΪ֪ĸԸġ
ĽԨ޴ĺ뿴˵Ǹ磬᲻ĵ
ɴٶȼ죬λȥʮ˳·޼٣Ҽʹˣ޵ĵȼҲܵ͡
ȷɴڱɽǵʱ峤ѡϵļλӭӹ
Ǹ߹ϴβȥǿħ飬ӵôʵֹܴҵĴУһܾۼӣҲǸ߹ʵ嵱ܺ޴лأΪһʮķɴ
ǰʵ󲿷ֶɴϵģɴʮֵľ޴൱·ĴڡԦɴҪĶħ顣
ϧɴ޵ߴսʱ׹޺Ψħ鱻ĻƴĴ˳ʵһϣĺǻţгһһҪûɴ
֮Ի߹޷͹˵ħǵҪԡ
ķɴ˵𴬡
ķɴһ˵Ƿɴ˵һʱսڷɴڣϰڿеԹѡ·˾סҲǿǵ·λӺɽڹڶɽǰμĸߣ
˹ڵļɽ⣬ߵģ
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ҵ𴬣Щ˱иȵĻˣҲܳΪսϮʱҲ㹻ԼڹԣȷһĺϢ
ֻ֪𴬵ĴڣǺܶżﶼڣѾ׵ıˣ˸ʵһֱڣֻ޺ΧҪҵǲܣֻʮֵΣա
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Ļңó׭
ҵ𴬣ķ׭ߵĸһ
˵ȷǶԹӵĸм޲øҲùҲЩʢȴòȥһ·壬·͡
һΪʱ󣬸Ǻۡ
һҲԼķȻҲùԼһһ
ϧûʱҵһЩҩִҴҵص뿪塣
е֮󣬹Щһܷɾ裬ҪԵΣǾ޴ģܻһӣǱԼǿ
㹻ĵҩ˲ٵʺݹ̱Щֵ㹻ս
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˵֮ǴǰĳϻѡĳǶ˵ȫȥֹ֧
Ͼռң̽ǣǻ壡
ľųϣǸʢ꣬Ϊ㹻ĳȣԵѡľųϡ
ǹ˴ʦˣҵĸĸһֱңҪ֪ͼΪԼҲ壡λϼ˵վڹ˴ʦǵĸжĽǣûĻᣡ
ʹʮռҲ£ΪҵһԴ漣ŮӣڹżϿصĹʥŮһֹ㹻Զʮֵĺʹȱĳ
һ𣬲õ£

362 

˵һŨŨľ
ǳס޺Ҳ˵ռңηռҶ꣬ӹǲηĸо
Ƕ֪ռǲǵģΪ޵ߵĹ˴ʦô᲻֪أ
ΪʲôһҪɱδأΪδҲΪ
ˣЩҪŵģҪվǵǰΪڷ絲꣡
Խ˵Խ߿ΪжҲҲĲףֻй˴ʦȻôܵõİȣ
ңԸΪЧ
һһ䣬Χ˶ͷ͵Ŀ⣬ǴͷΪƣ˵Ķԣ
аǣǴӲʲôǣҲ֪֪ͼ˽ĽǶֻйúõģץʱ׳Լ
Ӳ
ҹ˼ʱ󣬱ټڵĺǺŮʼѧϰ
ЩǺŮҲʮֵĸˣΪΪӺŮǸñĶ󣬲ӦͣҪԵľһսӺŮѧ㹻ȫԱԼģһЩΪ岻ˣվ˳ʼѧϰ
һλһĳϣЩôһ嵹ǺܸˣΪǿ£Ĺϵʱ
Ϊһҹһ嶼ʼѵҲѧ
ʱȴʼõռҵϢ
ռǱҪȥںǵǸҪùδ¹ڣǰҪԹˣ
ռҴүвùҪˣиĸ
ҲǸǲм񶼺ϵ½̫̫ռôҵĵԼĸң½̫̫Ϣǰο˵ԼΪҪﵽˣǸлȥĵҩùԼΪʱҪΪԴֻϣܺúõģ
½̫̫Ϊ˲鷳ϢһֱͨеˣϢֻѸٵʧЩһֱⱼߣռ˲ٵĺö͵˹С
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ռ˵Ҫ͹
ʱռҵѹûʱԸΪռҪԵѾصĺʦ
κʦغҵļλҶ˺Щ˱ͺģʵȴʵġ
Ƕ֪ʦˣȴ֪ĺʦʲôʵ֮ǰûг׵ȬռҵҲ֪ЩϧҪʵߺܶϵõȷеϢȴ̫ˡ
ռڲ뿪ڣռҵʱҪռҵС
ү⵽˹еʱȴһꡣ
괩һɫĳۣڿһ˵Ĳǰү˵ռҵүճɣ
ү꣬ŭҵҲܽеģ
ĿΣüʮֵĴƣ޹ĺһһЦˣ
ңү꣬ף
Ӳ˳̧һץץһɫĳǹǹֱһߣͷĲ֣ȥǳĺ죬ú챦ʯġʹڰգһĨȴɺ˾ù졣
ǡүüǹ
ش𣬡ʶ
ǡǻ峤ǧ¾үϽóԼıҲǺͻ˺֪ܶ࣬ʲôط峤ҪҶ֣
㵹ûʲôҵĵطռҲûУǧ¾ݣЦƵᣬҪ飬ҵֹ㣡
㣿ү룬ҪŹ
Ҳ뻤ǧ¾Ļش𣬡ҵһЩ飡
СѾͷȴǸִģһЩ飬͵ðһЩ鷳Ǵͷ­ȥӦûܿİɣǧ¾ƺһҲүеĺǹ𽥿ʼͨ죬ҲãĿˣ
үҪ˵ȴǹ˹һǰıˣҪ˵ʱ򣬱㿴Լͷ­뿪Լ壡
ǲһǧ¾үͷȻѳǹ̾һ֪ҾͲˣ
ʱռǱһκ䶯ˡ
үıҲ׵ˡ
үıһµģռҴү
ռҴүŹһ٣ҪǴ˻һŮŮ˵ڣռҲܶ´ҾͲ㣬ɱˣ
ҷ˵ĻϣܼסǸĵˣ

363 

ռһζһʧȥӣʹռҵڣҲܵ˲á
ռҵǸĽɫӷߵ߸ϵλӣȻҲ˲ٵķꡣ
ٻȥʱҲʶ˲
ռ߶꣬ȻͿϰգǼʹ˲ٴΣɻռڵǿƾɫ
˵ҵʥŮòռڱֱҶʻ
ΪҵˣҲ仰û˿⡣
̫ÿˣ
ռڵ׶ˣҲվû֪ʮֵϲɫüĿҫҶĿһһҪյĸɸɾ
⵽ô£Щã˭ڰ
ǻ峤ǧ¾óռȴҲǼ˵˻˵Ϊй¶̫滰ûʲôô滰ΪĳͷΪĻıһЩԭĹ켣үһЩѵȴ·;ϱǧ¾ɱˡǧ¾ǣڲܶ
ܶŮһЦСǿ
ͻǧ¾ѵһǧţӹ¿ߵڣȻһ·˳磬ĵλȴǳ˿Աġ
˵˽´ԣǧ¾߼ʦͲһˣ
ǧ¾ʲôΪһЩʲô˭Ҳ׼ȷ˵ʲôǹĽŲȷյǧ¾ǧ¾ĶҲ𽥵ѧᣡ
ǧ¾óó׭󷨣˵Ϊ̫࣬ûȥǧ¾ϣԼļ⣬ںܶʦȥʶǧ¾
ǧ¾׷ڶ࣬ǴҪռңĻռ˿ա
ĴһԽǵ͵˾ԽǸߵڵǧ¾ֱɱռҵĶү˹вռҵˣƺһҲηռҵڡ
ʵҲܽ˵ǧ¾Ȼӹռ棬Ҳ֪ǧ¾ΪˣǸ̶֥涼ҪˣǺһ£ôĽҲòȥƫƫģҲǸģҾòȥڶʱܾ˵ʱٳɱǣôʱĶռҵģû׼ҪǵķԸҪģҲүүˣ
ڳ֣˵۸С˵ӮĲʡҹߣҲҪ򡣡
һιʦΪ̫ڹˡ
ռҵ΢΢Ŀ˫ϸΪĶԵòԡ
ȷǺÿ߶ô꣬ڻ޵ǲѪҺȻô˵ĻƻģһΣͶһֱġ
ϧ֪Ůӵǲ˵λӵġ
ֻΪǿĽĸоԽ˺յĽҲʧĸɸɾ
ޱ˭ʵҲΪʵ˽ռһС
εȷǹ죬ʵǱ֮ǰǿˣȴʼηһЩϸԼ򦣬΢΢Ʋ죬ȥ˰ң˵򿪰ҵĵռ̣
˵ǧ̣ҲһȫǾȣǧ̣ռϹŵʱѽ
̾Ҳ֪
ЩһֱѹһЩޣҲ֪ε׷ʲôʱĽԶ׼
ֺγ֪޵ʵкģǺЩδ˭Ĺƺϵ鰮ûаϵ˵ŮվǰҲδ޶࿴ۡ
˶˵ж֮񱡣
ʵ˵ģû׼ʦδȻ
ⶼǴţΨһܿ϶ǣȷˡ
ʦŵĹأ׵ˣ϶һɫǺɫĲȴۡӰúϣ롣
úɫĳдźߡ
˭Ҳ֪ǺʱɫģΪʱغϱѾ
ĵȥ²ߵ˵Ů˻壡
ϧ̽ô꣬ʲôû̽
ߵ˸ʮֵĿڷϽҪǺƺ޻˼
ĺ֮ǰǿˣռ̫û׼ᶯ֣޲ڹڣҪɱռҵˣ͸һ
ޱڹڡ
ĻЩͷ̧ۣ΢΢üģ룡

364 ʥŮһ

һֱ֪ȻںǣںԼ
ռҵļλү˼죬Ϊǵĸ׶һˡ
ЩĴɫߵڣʵֻԼҪġ
гһպǺһԽ˺󣬺Ҳɹ
ڵ޶ԺᣬΪЩһֱ߸ϣʹԼˣ˭Ҳ֪˭ԸԵúأ
ϲģ޷ǺΪء
ݴ½һʦ磬ҲΨһ߼ʦ
Ϊ̫޵뷨֮ļռҼûʲôռΨһı˲ٹе뿪
ǲ֪޵뷨Ǽǧ¾
ѾӼŮӵ˵ǧ¾ˣ
ò˵ǧ¾ȷһż信εգĽԨ޴վһ𣬻ĽԨ޴ȻʧɫΪǧ¾ΪߣļĽԨ޴ǰ𪣬СɫԵǿ׳ڴڣ죬ȴʮֵºͣ洫ȫǲһġ
ȴúǧ¾˵ʮֵ࣡
Լ˵ʲôǧ¾ῴԼĻСϷһǧ¾֮ûнҴԼΪǧ¾ν
ڹʱĶͷѾ˺ӡ
˵СӲʣˣǧ¾¶ε飬ðţСˣ
ҵøǣ
ǧ¾óһƿݸ棬ҵ⣬СһҪ£
濴ǰǧ¾Լȫ͸ˣ
ǧ¾ʱŵүͷЩȻռҵ˲ͣǧ¾óȻͷǰǾЩֲȴЦƺʲôûһ
°ɣ֪ˣʵû̫˼Ц˵գˣȥϢ
ҪСһЩס˿ڣ
˵ͷת뿪
ֻʣ¹ǧ¾
ǧ¾Ź΢΢Ŀ
֮ǰ˵òǿϧűü䶯˵գȴǳ׵Ļˡ
弶ĵʦҪŪһŸյĵҩʮɵ飬ǹûȻδԼòǹԽǧ¾ԽǺ棬յĹ׳ʲôӣǲΪ̫ÿˣܶ鷳ԴʱĹٻָòˣ
ô棬ǧ¾ҲûֱӱЦ˵Σðǰˣ
峤ˣҲǵһЦʵǰЩӻ峤շҺܶܰ˵˳˵峤Ҳһæ
ǧ¾ǴʲôĿģôȷǰ˹һæ
ʵǧ¾ȫвȹһȥؾڣǧ¾ûƺϲٿģʲôв˵·ߡò˵ǧ¾ȷʱΪߣߵҲʮֵ׿ʹ͹һȥһؾ鷳Ҳѹǧ¾ߵŮӶǧ¾ʼһһ⣬ʹǧ¾вٵңҲδҪ뿪˼
ˣȷóŪ˵̬
Сˣǧ¾δƺΪ˴ʦֹΪȹߣǳƺС׽һЩֻϣİһЩ鷳
֪С㲻ϲӣôҾ˵Ŀģ
ʵҹС㣬ҲΪã
ŹСвٵߺҪȥַҲǧ¾ЦЦС֪׷ӡʲô𣿡
ҡͷ֪
Ҹ߹Сɣǧ¾˵Ϲʱڣݴ½ݴ½δ׵ķֿϹŵ޺Ҳסס˺ܳӡʱһλʥŮҲϼصĹʥŮڶ޵һλ
˵λʥŮֹòΪĳڣһŴȱģԴҶԸķԸԸΪ£
ǺʥŮΪһ֮˽ͨ½ͨͨ޺
޽籾ѷҵĺõطȻҪ뿪㿪ʼҪ򿪵ڶͨɭ֣
˵ʥŮԼͽమͽ޵ѪҺҪѪҺܳ׵ĽΪԹʥŮΪͽܣŻͨ
ϧʥŮ߹ԼͨҲɱһҵޣȴûֹڶޣ
Ҳ֪ˣǴµʱƾһ֮ӡһͨɭ֣
Ͼޣ޺Ҳǰӡ״̬
ǧ¾˵һЦ͸֧̫Ľǣħˣ

365 ʥŮ

ǧ¾ĹʥŮǸòȻαӡ
ΪδȻʦȴԼͽǸñָ顣
ڷԼͽ޵ѪҺʱ򣬾Ȼŵȥͽܣݴ½˵óȻȥͨ޽ͨݴ½ͨ
Ůӣ䱻˳ʥŮ
Ϊһ֮˽ôݴ½ݴ½ȫֿҲͲˡ
ǧ¾ʥŮʱȫǲм
ҪȥĵطϹľסءǧ¾Թ˿ΪʥŮĶң岻òƽϢϧȴ̫ڶȨ
˵ҲǲңһҪޣһҪСĹʥŮͷԼңں뿪ʱ
ͷ嶼뿪ȥݣ˷еıΪߵĴæ˲ٵĶ
˵ϴݡ
ǧ¾ɻ󣬡˵ʥŮȷͷĳǽãϴݣ඼͸˷ˡ
Ҳ޵ʹʥŮҪϴݣΪԹʥŮȥĲ࣡
סĵطߣϴˮõϴݶȷˣַϣϴ𣿡
ǧ¾û뵽ԼǵһЦһݲȵӣСǲң
ôᣡЦô᲻峤أ
峤ȷǺҪȥģֻҵޣΪ峤ǣ
С̫ˣǧ¾Цټݴ½Һ͹С⣬ûڰ֮ǰﵽԪӤľ磬ַҲΨȥǵĹʺϣȥҲ
ǧ¾Ȼ˵ĺܿԸȴԶ׼
Ҳ˵ţҲ˵İΪȴ츳ĸ˲٣ȴԴ߲ٵˣŻΪ壬ʵжôĿֲֻʵֲа취Ըǧ¾ֹʵֲһóƻġ
ǧ¾ΪĳЩ˸Լߣ˲ٵ˼
ǧ¾ǸʮСˣǱαӣСദƺҲûô鷳
ûֱӾܾǧ¾˵ԼҪ׼һЩ
ʵ֪ԼѹûоܾȨ
ǧ¾˵Ļ١
ǧ¾˵ַģǧ¾˵ϴݴڣҲģɹڹʥŮ飬ȴ͸¶ìܣԹԸǧ¾Ļ
ʥŮǸαӣôôڶ˵Ϊô߸ϵĴڣҹʥŮʱֳһͬûƭ飬ǸΪһ˽ˣôҲͲⳡͬˡ
ҵսķʵ٣Ĵ඼Ƿ޵ߵĺǣŴѪҺķ壬ǱҪսġ
Ļ֮ԻһҲҪԼǣ඼Ǹѧġ
ԣǧ¾ĻҲֻţϡ
˽£ĽԨ޴涼ϣȥ
͹˵ǧ¾ʵȥиӣҲԪӤڵ޵ߡѡ㣬޷Ϊ׷ǹʣҪ̤ʯ
ţͷ֪
ǧ¾ʲôˣ˵Ǹܻ˵ѵСˣǵǲǷĵģЦַضΣյģȻЩĳʲô飡
ЩŮӴһһ⣬ΪҲĸԸģ
ԽˣԽǻǣ
ʵЩŮӴ඼ǲҵģڰĵطδһ⣬ǧ¾΢һãǾͺ޲ðǧ¾ϾǵԹȥǵѡֻҪԼڣ˭ܲأ
ЩŮǲһģķ羰ҲĵˣǼѤ⣬ᱻЩСС
Σһȥģ˵ַһҵҪĶ
Ѿ˶εʥŮˣܾߺʵڷӡڹʥŮһЩµϣ˫֣
˫ǼߺӡţΪʹȥ˫ɲżǿ
룬˫֣¾λʥŮˡ
Щ˵ҪӡʲôΪʲôһ˫ֶ˵η壬ǵҪӡʥŮӡνأ
ݴ½ݴ½Ϊʲô᳹׵ķֿҲǹ֪顣
Ҫǰߣͱȥ֪շʲôͱ취ȥݴ½
ΣòȢ
Ҫǣǲȥǧ¾ǻһЩ˼飡

366 ټ

ǧ¾ǲĿĲֵˣԹǾܾǧ¾ӣϻ˵عѡ񣬶˽ȴʼѹ
ˣȻηȴҲǵߵˡ
Ըǧ¾ʵЩ֡
һеĸԴΪʵǧ¾
Ϊʵǧ¾Ժܶʱ򶼻ᱻǣơ
Ҫ׵Ĳ˿ƣͱǰߡ
Ǹϲ˿Ƶˣѹûģֺγ֪εʮֵðա
ӣڱɽŵҩ
ƵҩĴˣɽǿֵҲľɽϿʱʱֵĵƣ
Ҳ޵죬뵽˹ڡ
ǧ¾סеĿջڣסķ¥ǱɽߵĿͷ᷿ڣ͸ĵƣߵŮ˵Ǹ
ȷͷЩƣǧ¾ߵŮӣʹϸűɴȴܿĳǸŮӣͷҲźܴľ룡
ǧ¾ԣȴǵһЦһɽݶҺ˭ѡ֮ӣʵܿдˣ
ַڵĴбȻǷģŮƺǧ¾ʱɱֱӸãʵ
Ҳ֪ǣԹʮֵкøУȻǲվźŮƺһҲںȥַھʲôǰοǧ¾ǣɵöлģ
֪ǧ¾ŮԼӣϵЦݸŨˣǺ㲻һ
ʵеʱҸ۵㣡ȻҲϲǣҵվǱȲģҺһ·Ǿ̫࣬Ҳ̫ĺڰȴ֪Щǧ¾˵ţͰͷŮӵϥϣ̾һһ·ߵļĲ˳ܶʱ򶼿˵ǾһǶҲǲ벻ҲǡҵЩԲ㣡
˵⻰ˣŮ̧ǧ¾̫Ѩ񣬷ܵˮһҵȴЩʣϾûһŮӣԸԼɷ򣡡
ҲԸ÷ΪѣҲԸ⿴Ǳ÷ģҲΨзһˣҲʯĳˣ
ֻҪڷԶǵһλҾ֪ˣ
ദۣǴҲĵģǻҽ㣬ҲİҵˣԷҲԹҲޣǿģ
ֻҪܺúõģֻҪܺúõģʹҡ
˵ʲôϹǧ¾ֶ̧סŮӵ죬ҵǰ˵֣
ڣұȻ£ⱲӶȻṼ㣡ǧ¾һαۣŮ˵Ҷ֪ϣҵģҲף
Ůۿһ죬һ
ʵǧ¾ȥַ飬Ψкǧ˵ϸ
ǧҲһλ弶ĵʦ̤ʦľ绹һЩǧڱѪҺҲΪǧѪҺ𽥳ַʼҵһЩļ䣬йַĺۼ
ǧ¾׺ǧϵ˾Ҳ죬ҲΪǧİǧ¾Żߵ˳
ǧ˹ļʱǧ¾ȻŲɵģǧ¾ʼѰϹַĸҵˣ
ʵȥַǧĹȫԽȥġΪǧѪҺǧ¾ֹǧǰȥ
ǧ¾ǧǰļ䣬ļı
ϾǧϵѪҺַ󣬿ѪҺʮֵĵ෴ǹʹڸϵϢòȥ޸ǹϷѪҺȴѾʼüŨˣ
ŮòܵףģǵòµӶԵøǶˣԼʹˣʮֵ׿ԽЦʱǹʶ˾ʮֵ
ν֮ݷŮӡ
ϧ̫ãԹû֪зѪҺ
ǧ¾룬ķʵʧܵľ˵Ҳܲң˵Ѿˡôȥˣݴ½ȷҲûгֹѪҺˣôĸ׵˭
ѪҺԶֻŮϣԹǸ︸ףǧ¾Ȼȥ
ҲŴǧ¾֣ĽԨ޴ɱԼµˡȻƺҲһڡ
͹ˡ
ǧ֪ǧ¾룬ϵĶ΢һЩɷ̫Щӣú˯ɣ㣡
ˣۣûʲô㰲ȸҪˣ

367 ϵĽ

еϢͨ˵죬ʼ½½ڴ
ĽҵЩϢ󣬸ǿĵķ˾˵ĽԶǸúӣ
ҲѹĽҵ˵ĿģΪ˵εĹҪǧ¾ȥһططΨйǧ¾ǰ
ЩȻҪɱǧ¾ȴҲֻѡ
Ҳ˵ǧ¾ߵļŮӣʮֵǸǧ¾Ļˣǧ¾ҲĹʹҪѪɺӣҲȥǧ¾ȵġ
ǧ¾ƺҲ֪ҵ˻ռȥֱʯϣðҵû˿İ취
Ϊǧ¾ûǰ߹λӣ԰ҵ˸ռ١
ʯϹŵʱòŻеĶǵټģΪѪҺ;ƵҩҲΪ˱׵ĺӶƳʯ
뿪ݴ½ʱʵеʯΪʯͷƣЩʯյġ
˭Ҳ֪ǧ¾ΪʲôʯĴڡ
ǧ¾ֵȷ£ߵŮóĶϹʱڵµĶȷʮֵۺ졣
ռңȻҲǧ¾͹⡣
ǰհΪǿռ٣֪ʲôˣӰԲѣһϢռҵΪ˼Ӻ磬ûʱռܼ顣
ռҾүôϲţռҳºǴСѡ˱չأ۵ѹ
վүѡʱչʵҲԭģźиվү޵ǹ죬վүҪԼСͷϲǹ˽ĵҩСΪѹǰЩվүֵǵĸ鱾ͲãΪλǵ뿪ЩնүүһֱڱվүȢ˽¸檡
λվүݷҲռҵŮһΪ˷õĹߡ
ޱȵĶģ
ڸȥһҲģһ
վүĸǲһģǸ뱻ˣ˴ϢĻᣬֱѡ˱չء
ռҴүվүΪֱü´վүչػᾪڣҪȥץ˳ʸˣ
ΪռҵжʱȴеռҵΣ
ϵȷúõĻص˹ڣֻǴʱΪ˲٣òȫ١
һΪ̫̫ˣȴˣҲ֪ﻹɲǣ治ТĶöүǶүˣǺ޲̫̫
үıͲʣ̫̫ռҵ˸үӶүĲѿ𣿡
үô꣬ڹүڱͲ֪飬ȴ롭Ҳô̫̫ǹ֣Щʲôˣ
ɲڴүҲôүҵˣү˵ҺúõϢ˵иӣ
𣿽ǺøŴүʮֵýģȴ̫̫ռҵĴ̫̫»ǽλˣ
˫ȫŭ
ƿſͥԺ˵һȺŮͺ𣬡ҹȥ
ӴⲻǴ̫̫𣿡ŮߵЦЦôˣľ˵أǲܶħǻẦ˺
԰ɱħǻᱻ͵ɽȥˣ屾ͲãȥɽҪ°
Ⱥһ˵꣬ͺôЦ
ΪռҴ̫̫꣬ɷ˲ٵңϾңӣЩǶֱȥѵǣ
ȻǸŮЩȴάռҵĵλҲЩҴӲϵǰΡ
治ˡ
˽£ȥ顣
ȴϹ鷳ǲͷ˵ĸǺúõŰɣ߶Ƕռҵ棡ĸҲ븸׺Ͷ˵ΪѰɣ
һʵĸ׵ĴĸҪȥǹռôᱻЦأ
ĸΪ˶ӺãͲҪҶˡ
˵꣬ǶϺǳ⣬˵ˣĽ㣬һҲҪģ㵱ûɱ棬Ľ
ĸҲúúõķʡ
ӣҲûﻹйϡ
ᱻ˳ЦȻϵĴй¶ǱɱϢټĹڣôռҼ˵Ϣ
뵽ϣ

368 һ

ȻҲû뵽һӵĶӣ˵Լ
ڶȥʱѹͲˡ
ɷϢ󣬸ɿ˵ϲ֪أʱȥү
ҲռҴүֱӷϲߡ
ΪԼԺܳ׵İĹһЩӣȴЩңֱܵסԺ˵Щ̼
Ϊں˭˵ϿһԺӵݺݺֱ࣬£ҲռҵĴ̫̫
ǰռҵĴ̫̫ҲڣǲǽҲ˵ˣһźɫȹŮ˳üۼı־ʢĵү˵ӲʣַԴݻеҩȵȵ£ˣ
ŮЦļţҽҲ߽㣬飬Ҳͳ׵ûˣ
ϾռҲˣ
Ů˵תҪ߳š
ϺʱֱܹȥץŮҪ֣Ůϵ֣һơ
ǴǰȻȫĵסѷΪһֱˣԸŮĶ֡
Ůֻһƣϱˤڵأ̵ĴʯҲ˲˼Ƭ
ϣҪŮߵϵǰѹ˵㣬ôΪүңǿռҵģҪҺúõźүȻҪɱҵĸĸЩһֱķԸʲô
Ҷ˵Ĺˣ޲ù¸Ь㻹ɱҵĸĸ
ûİҵĵܵܲŰ꣬ķҲŹ
֪Щÿҹڿȴûа취ΪǱ𡣻һţҲڵȵ˽գϡȥҵļڰɣ
Ů˵꣬ϵʧĸɸɾָֻЦݣȻýˤڵˣõĲǣ
ϾԪӤ棬Ȼڵ԰ɣ
ŮٿϣǳŴȥȷĺÿһȺŮҲΪòȻʧɫ
ϿŮ˭
ռҴүССĸĸȴԸռңΪɷˣɱСĸĸͼˣֻΪС˳ȥ·
ֻû뵽ôȥˣСΪԺռҴүϲңȴ׵İˡ
Ů߳󣬴źɫȹŮߵ˵һЩ˶ҩĺͶ̫̫ԣͲˣ
ֱɱ𣿡ʡ
ŮҡͷֱɱѣҪҵܵĿ࣡
ָŮ꣬˵ͷС㣬֪ôˣ
ںԺ飬ռҴүȷ֪һĶҪôԸ˽£ռҴүҲϣȥ
СºϴŵһͻȻˡ
ϵ˵ôˣ
濴Цһ£Ȼ˸׵ˣû£
ŵϵͷȥˣҲ᳹׵ʧȥѿ꣬ѾϰĴڡˣҲ֤ĸϣڽһ
˿ܣ֪ϻôһա
ȥ˹⣬ܹӲĻٵӣϻ˹С
ԼѡһҲ⡣
Ҫˣ׼𣿡óһīЩīˮ㶼ţ
⣬㲻𣿡Ȼ֪īôģīˮȷ롣
ֻҪһţҾͻǵڹҲˣ㲻˼ǵˡ˵ϣ㲻ҪΪ
֪ǰȥĵطʮֵΣգܰĵȷޣΨһóùԱ
Цã֪һᱣԼģ
֮ҲҪСģûжɲ֮Ҳû˵ǰǱ뿪һҪߣ
˻Ϊ棬԰潻˰ҵչˣҵҲͬˡ
֪ҵϲ飬Ӧǹ㹻档
ţְ̧ѹڻŻ
ţͷҴӦģգ
峿ûк˭˵ԼҪ뿪תš
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369 

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Ҳһʯͷȴðҵ޲ߡ
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˵ҵʥŮôܽʥŮأ޷ǳеһˡ
δ˵̫࣬Ҳüʡ
ҵʥŮóռ󼸺ǰҵʥŮһ㲻Ըռ󣬳Ǵ¡
հҵʥŮԸռȻû˵̫͸ȴҲǸ˹ָ˲ٵĶ
ⲻò˵ҵȷ˹ܴĺô
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ռҶҪɵǧ¾ĴڣôڵҲˡ
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һʮֺݷɽķɴɴҪռݱɽϷһĿռ䣬ңɴΪ㣬涼Ϳ˽ĽۣŷһƶĽɽ
ǧ¾˷ɴ󣬱óϵȵԪʯͶ봬ڣܿɴϱ˽硣
ķ󣿡վڷɴϣоԼڷɴԵʮֵСΧ󷨣ʦδضܲó󷨣ǿ̤߼ʦµ󷨣
ĺµʦΪȸλ㣬ʵȻɡ
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Ҫõףôأ˵ǧ¾Ľĺ롣
Ǹ弶ʦȴ͸뿴ϵô¡
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ͷռСԺңһȪùݡ
ǧ¾ƺľɫ̫ãԷԸŮǰ˲ٵĻ
ɴûˣźȫǿܡ
ЩܺûʲôһȺŮļĶˡɡ
ҹĳЩѹҲһĿܣЩʱԼսĿܡ
˵һλ߼ʦ˲ٵĿܣһߵĳɾͣʮλòȴʵǿĿܡЩͶΪ൱ʿߵıǽ𵤵Ϊ
ЩûǵģǶһ˵ķԸ
ʱٵ˶ΪЩܴʦȥʮҲʧˡ
˭Ҳ֪Щܵȥˡ
ЩܣλʦĿܡ
н𵤵Ϊ
ԼԦ䣬ʵЩӹȥˣѾλ
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ǧ¾ƺҲԹûʮŮܶǰ֣ЩŮԴʮֵϸ޲ʲô鶼Ըһ
ȻЩѾ˱ٹȵǶͨ˷õĲȣȴɺǧ¾ҵȥɴߵһĹ۾¥ϣԸŮóʳв˵ҵķ˺һҲϲЩȣЩһֱδ¹
˵СǿˣԸȥΣյĵطӦһЩȸСã
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ףһڣ̲ס˵Ǻþƣ㡣
ǧ¾Ź¶飬һҲ⣬ǺŵĻش𣬡÷𣡡
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ǧ¾ڹǰӲԼӵ۰ҿĳǧ¾ȷϲЩŮӣǵʱ΢Ц
ǧ¾ӢȴǸϲ¶Цݵˡ
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Ϲŵȷϲ÷˵ǵͷĴˣԺ󵫷һӣͻ÷壬
Щľʵ඼ͨĲľǧ¾÷ȴѾꡣ
÷һĺӣΪزۺ󣬺һ𳤴÷Ҳή
÷ܱ˵Ϳ
÷ֹǣ˲͵ΪҲֻǧ¾ȥ÷ߵʱȥժ÷ˡ
ǲò˵žƵζȷǸʴԼҲóƣҲΪԼƲζ
˵ȻȥһŰݷˡ
ϲȣʵҲһЩֻҿ϶û峤աֵƣҲһЩ
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ҪȥϹַʵ뻹ǷǳңԶġʹǧ¾ķɴٶȺܿ죬ȴҪС¡
ڼǧ¾Ժ͹˲ٵĶȷǧ¾ļš
ǧ¾õʱ򣬻Գָܶ⡣
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ǧ¾Щϰ߸ˣΪİȣʵһּҸ顣񣬵˷ȣȻĿĵģָоȴĹ졣
Ǻ͹ĵ̫ãŲôòҲ˳˲١
ǰУǧ¾վڷɴǰ棬Թ˵СһЩǵðѷټǿһЩ
һ·ٵ׽٣ԽǿĹַЩľԽҪߵַſڣͱ봩һƬ׺
ȻЩ׽̫Ѿγ˸к׷磬·ʱ뼫Сġ
ԼķɴǻᱻƬǧ¾ķɴõͨǱضҲˡ
ǧ¾ٿŷɴԼֱӿ˺뿪ʼ޲󷨡
ǧ¾ϵȫһģǧ¾óóǧ¾ڲٿطɴʱҲַɴϵƺ֮ǰķʵˡ
ٿ̣Сǿʲô˼ľһһڹ޲󷨣һ߻ö
ǧ¾ԶһĻࡣ
С˵ȷϹŵʱӰӣϣʵԹģǰֻȴûаԹƺ͹Ĺϵܲ
С˺ϲһΧڹߣõëǳеĹŲôò˼ᡣ
ǲС˶ԼϲѾϰߣһ޲һͬС˵
Ҳ˵ܣСǿԶԻġ
С˸߹ԼСʱֱոֲˣ˵ֵסһȺɶСߣʱ򻹺һɫСߴһܡ
Ǻ˷ӡˣҲСˡ
С˵ʱƺҲûʲôԹޣ˵˹
ϷѪҺðȣԴʱСˣѾȫ˹Ǹӡ
ܿ죬ǧ¾û˼ٿˡ
׽ٹͣ󷨱󶼷ꡱ
󣬵ʦȴǸΣյס
Ϊ󷨣ڷʱʵģһҪĵס
ʱǧ¾ҲϽóԼ̣Ǹϵܳȴһ롣
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371 

һݷ׳׳ŷɴ˹ǧ¾ƺѾ֪׺Ѷɹ׼˺߼졣
ʵǧ¾Ϊܳ׺úõļԦ죬Ӷʱ΢Щ
ƯϿյƺǧ¾Ĺϵǧ¾һǧ¾
ǰЩͻʯһȥʱҲһ
һĴ֮һķ뿪һѡߣΨһڶػ߶һϡ
һԹ̬ȲãһЩȴ˿͹֮顣
Լĸ߰ĵطҲԼҺѶ˳
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ǧ¾շһֻأ
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Сƺǧ¾ǧ¾Ը׽ٵʱ򣬻ԼӿʼһЩ׹⡣
뱾ܰ޵߷ɢһЩ׽٣ȴ飬ֵܷĿȴޡ
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ѿģа취ȻҪң˵ţһ޴˳һߺɴСٶҲ죬ǳȥʱ֮ǰѸ٣
׽̫ˣǲȣܾ׽ǲŸΣգǱ뿪
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ȴ˿ûȥעǾ޴ΣǶǧ¾˵٣
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ʵ˫֣á
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һֻߣһֻȴ֪ȥˣ
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ʵǧ¾ǰ¶ߺʲô⡣
ӵߺ飬ʵѾ֪ܶˣЩߺҲһˡ
ӵеߺԽ࣬ô֮ΣҲࡣ
κ˶ԼԦߺǼԦ˷ᱻߺɡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôܼԦߺԼǺԼڵѪҺйϵ
ݵĴԽ࣬ڵѪҺƺڷű仯ݵͼݵļʹˣҲƺû̫洦ˣ˲߼ݵݣɹȴ֪Լڸ
ڼʹзѪҺ³ַʵҲ̫Ũ
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ҪԼڵķѪҺӵŨһҪˮ
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˵˼һ˴Ҳûй¶Լһ뷨
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ϧһͱ׽ˣжôĻ׳ۣҲֻƾˡ
ΪԼǰȵ۵ʱѾϰҵַϣ֪Լǰ붼飬ʵʮֵͨ
һʵΣգЩ޾סռ䣬ǴӵĶǧ¾ͣΪ˵ޣ˼Ĵۣ
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Щ󷨶ϵԱǽʱҲ˲ɫĺۼ
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ΧĲľżµƲﻯ˻ҽڴ˿ҲͻȻرˡ
ƲӴţǻˮ˲㻯ˮ
𡭡
иƲ﷭޴ߣ޴ĳ˾õսľ
Źرյʱ򣬹ݷߵ
ǰǵҲֻпߵдߵ׳ʲôӣȫ²⡣ȥҵʱ򣬰ҵߵͼҲùԼʲôӣ˸ŵ֪
ȻޣϹʱڵλȴ壬λ֮¡
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һֻߵǰʧֻҵģ˭Ҳ֪
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мֻߣ˭Ҳ֪Ҳ²಻ֻΪϹŵޣҪ̫ˣЩΪ˹ߣҲ˲ٵ鷳
߱ϾޣĹǲ᳼˭ģΣյʱ޵ǻҪԼҲ֪ҵ˺ͽˣ᲻
ǧ¾˵֮󣬱ȡһҹ飬Թ˵ߣ
Ϊ͹һĬӹһ٣ǧ¾Թ̬Ⱥ˲٣ٺܶҲѡԵĸ߹ǧ¾µĻ壬ڶڻ֪ϢٶȻȳ˸죡Щˣǧ¾ƴӣҲǧ¾ڻλԽԽȹˣ
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ֻܿɳɵУգۼɳ棬ɳѳɷɳ棬𽥵Ĳһ޼ʵĺڰǵ͸ģɫĹâᡣ
ǧ¾Թ˵֪ûΣգѾ궼ûˣ˭Ҳ֪ﵽײʲô
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ǧ¾Ȼ֪óľϵһԹĸл˸˹ߡȫȫôǳ׿Աõġ
ǴﵽԪӤô㲻޵߿ԱģҲڽ𵤺ڡ
ǧ¾ΪԼƵҩٶȾͺܲˣڿƵҩŷֹʵԼ̫ࡣν졭ˡ
ʵָоǧ¾Щ;ȣϾЩδһۡ
嵽׾ʲô˭Ҳֻ֪Ի͵ĹѾΪһЩ棬ΧвĻƽʯɢ䣬вٶ˺Ļҳűַ̲סݻ׳ۡ
ʹǧȥˣЩڸˣסǶô׳ؼ׳۵ɽӣư硣
ϲĶÿ˶ϲزٵС̰ӣҲΪػԼıأԱ档صľƬҹȵȣڸ߹壬Ŀǲ١
ΪѾȥˣЩˡ
һŲľסϣҲᷢꡱ
һߵʷĺۼϵˣĿ⿴ĵطһƬߡ
ôãôҲû˵ʬǣЩɻ󣬡ҵʱǻѡ뿪𣿡
ǵʬĹǧ¾͹ͣ˳ʱ߱ӡġһǵʧӡĹЧ
νӡʵһֿռĴ͵൱ڴͷӡ˵ʬף͵Ĺ
ΪϵһУǱ޵ǵõǣõģ

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Ϲŵʱϴ֮ûо˺ۼҲΪϹŵʱڶ࣡Щߵһ̣ߵһжĹѨ֮У
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ЩȻĳǳ֮ΣգҪΪסȴҲޣʸһĹѨҲ׹ħģΪ˵ĵˡ
ʬǲᱻĹѨܵģҲϴݵԭ򡣵ǺٵģΪ޴ѡԱҲԲ޵ǰ㶫
ǧ¾˵飬峤һϤǧ¾Ĳʼĥǧ¾ʲôݣ֮ߵգȻ˲ǴҲΪͲˡ
̫룬ҲδΪԼҪѹ壡֪飬ʵ඼ǰǰܵĶٵæ
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ǧ¾ĸĸĺ磬ǧ¾СʱҲãƻǧ¾ǧ¾Сʱͻ᳹׵ڣ֪ǧ¾ôģЩʮֵĲʹ죬ǧ¾˵СʱֻǼ򵥵Ĵ˫üͷĽģԶ׼
ַ̫ˣǧ¾˵˲ٵĻԼСʱ
رͼ˵Ŷһֱߣܿı⣡ǧ¾̾һôãȴʲôû
жģͷһöƬݸǧ¾ϲĶ
ЩҲ٣ŰɣߵļԭҲΪ·һֱռЩƬСС粻ǧ¾ǰռЩ
СվǺӣĶʮֵϲҲƲסԼ֡
ԣһ·õ˲ٵĺö
ϧЩǧ¾һҲϡ
ȵȣͻȻͣ½Ųߣ
˵ߣǧ¾ϡ
ڻߵַϣȴһƬ
ΪЩһֱδ̤ĲҩķǳĺãҲٵĲҩҲ͡ǧ¾Щʱһ˿㵺;ȡرͼѹûдƬĴڣô֪ģ
ҶľϵĶ֪ȽǿԴӹС˶Ŀռ䣬Ȫˮÿαúľϵ֪ǿˣһ峤߹ȥľ˸֪ܽ
ҵϴݣҲϴԼԼΪһľ޵ߡ
ϰľϵ͹ϲͲľһĸо
ƬݣҲ弶ģһк߼ݣҺһһ룡ǰǧ¾ӣȻҪȫԼģǧ¾ȴ͹һһ롣
ﲻ߼ݣǧ¾ȻҲ۵ģϾǹֵģҲ˼Ҫʲô
ǧ¾ķ䵹ûʲôΪ֪ǧ¾Լʲôòˡ
ңǧ¾ѡһֵ߼ݣδõġ
нԿԺܿѡμݣǧ¾Լϵĸо
ǻ˵ˣǧ¾Ҳ÷ʲô
Ѹٵոݣ󻹷ƺڸһɫ顣
룬ǷСЩŲĿռĵǧ¾ûʰЩ飬ΪЩ϶ѡ
ǧ¾Źõһһ·ã϶Ź
Ǳᳰ䣬ǹõôݣҲ˵ʲôֻܵȹʰЩ顣
ٴλعʱǧ¾ȴͻȻͣ½Ų˵СһЩҸоԣл
˵ǧ¾һǰһɫߣԶĴʯŲ˳

375 

ɫһ˫ѪҺݹ˫ۣĶƵĴʯȴѾѵĺۼ
Щʯͷб飬ҲûΪµĹȥɻҽȴڴߵĶ£Ҫѵļ
߼󣬹վǰվڴµϣСһҳ
΢΢̧ͷȴɳƵ޵ߣ
ǧ¾ʶվڹǰŹ˼⣬ǵߵߡ
׽£뿪ôҲữϧ
ʱʵȫģԲûаȵĶɽٳɹħżһ
ħ嶼ħޣֶֻţȻħˣͿʼϮݴ½ˡ
΢΢ü룬ǧ¾֪ߵĴڡ
ǧ¾ܻڣضʲôçײӣڵ֮ǰǧ¾ǶȻġǧ¾ʮİˣŸǰţǧ¾˦
ʵǧ¾Ǹʮֹƽˣǧ¾޵ʵ㹻ǿ󣬲еλͻȨǧ¾ҲΪ˲ܿš
ַϺöȷ࣬Ƕǧ¾ԣö˭ֻأǧ¾ŷָݵʱʵѾЩͷҲԸˣڲܺ͹Բź͹԰֡
ӹǧ¾ռġ
ߵĳ֣Ҳǧ¾뿪ĺûᡣ
ڣǧ¾ҲδаΣҲǧ¾ֵţҪô죿
ΪߣǺѶԸǧ¾˵Ȼȥǰ취˺ߴ磬ҵʱǿʼֿж
պſڼϣ
Щģ̫ΣˣһҪֿ𣿡
ֿߣǧ¾̾һһĻĿ̫ҪǣΨǷֿˣ˲ǣģɱҵģϹһЩϢӦûηģ
㡭װĺܣǼȵĲԸһСһЩպһҪ
ҡ㣡
ݵĽɫʮֵĵλǧ¾ʼţĺˣΪ˻òǿԼֿ
ǧ¾ǲ۹ֻǾ΢Щź
ҲǸʮϧŵˣܺòʲôӣдŮӵòֹǣǧĿĻ
ϧǿˣ⵹Щϧ
ħߣҪԸ϶ûôף
ǧ¾ʵĺܼ򵥣Ҫ뱦⣬ض߽֣ЩַڵıֹǿӣħҲǿӵġ
ʵĹﲻֹߣߵʵȴǿģħżռΪĶԼģЩҲɱ˲ٵޡ
ڵǧ¾˵ԼߵĶ֣ˡ
ǧ¾һżתƷ
˵תƷǵĹʥŮΨһͽδȻµģδȻ߼ڵķ׭ʦΪϹѾȥ˺ܶ꣬ǧ¾򲻵ѵʱǾԲᶯ׭ġ
ҲΪ׭Ҳ£ǧ¾߱ûôɵˡ
Ϊǲ뿪طġ
߲뿪ţȻ׺׽٣ֱӰƬ
滹һߡ
ڹܻܲȻǧ¾ĿǷΧڡ
Ȼ޵ߣߵɳƵһˣ˫۾ȴȺζӱضҡ𣿡
ȻҲе㱾µġ
ۣ߱һһŻۣһСϢ
˭зѪҺ
Ȼǧ¾ûлشǧ¾Ź˸ƣѸٵһˣǧ¾óԼĳǹ߾ͷ˹ȥ
ǧ¾һɵĺɫâҲû뵽С޵߾ȻҶ֣ҲЩջˡ
ǧ¾˺ҧȥʱҲˣӶߴĵطȥ
еȻ޴󣬵ǱߺʵƬ޴ȥڸץһ
ԶԶĿȥɫĹâ£һɫĹһɫĹһͷ޴ڴ򶷡
ɫĹǧ¾վǰ棬ǹ¶ѪݡڿУߵɫĹϻӳߵߴһһεĹضɽҡ֮䣬Χһɼ
˭վԶһĵطֻܿ⼸㣬ȴڸס˵˭

376 

ͷ߱ϾǧΪټħ֮ʵǱ֮ǰ
׷ŭ󣬹֪Ҫ뿪ˡ
ڷŵĴ֮䣬Ѿڵ˲ٵӣһѾȥ˺ԶĵطֻҪҪ뿪ܴ͵һȥ
̫ˣҲΣա
תƷǷӡռ䣬Ҫǿ뿪̫ˡ
ߣǧ¾Թ
ͬʱڵϵգۼ䳤˾޴ȻСΪ㹻Ķֱ࣬Ӱ߲ɫǴһɫһ͵ģ
ͬʱǧ¾ʼԼ滭תƷȴѾʧˡ
ǧ¾΢΢ĿЩԾ
ƺ̫侲ˣ
ǧ¾Ҳûʱ룬ʱϽ뿪ߵĶ֡
ߺܿȻȴǰСϲˣߺաַ꣬Ϊ壬ħǲܽӽıģֲЩﱻˣһֱţʱǱԼĵһʮֵŭ̧ͷ³һɫӣȻ˲ӵĹâͿʼΧ
о˺Ĵڣﰵһ⣡
ߵΪ̫ˣɫ䵽ĵطֱӱӡסˣ˭뿪
ռڣòԼϽתλӡ
ϣɳŲٵֲԵСαװȺֲʱҲа˾ûɡ
ס˹СĿռ
֪ʱǲ뿪ģΨڹСĿռ߲ŸܲϢ
߷ѾŵϷϢˣҲ¹ò·Ϸ顣ʵзѪҺ飬ǧ¾Ҳ֪ˣҹڲ²⣬ǧ¾ϵҲ塣ĸ鲻ǧ¾ϣҲѪҺ
ǾôģȴЩͿ
㣡СڿռڣڹߡӲ£
߱ϾϹʱڵĶ϶ž޴ѹС͹С£Ҳʲô⡣
ƽŵѩ𣬴ʱҲɪɪ
£οС磬ʱҲǣ
ľҲǧˣľϵŨҲģѾħղеϢģҪħҲûħԼʹľ߶Ҳʲô޴˵СʹǰҲʲôΪԸǻ˷ľֻʱ뿪Ҫ뿪͵ôµĽ硣
̫ˣ
ߵΪĥѾﵽڣǸԪӤ棬δʽ̤ڣڸʮǧҪƿ磬ֱ췽ҹ̷
ôҲֱס˹СĿռڡ
СЩһֱõҩԴĿռѾ֮ǰ˲٣һСԺСԺΧһƬܴŲٵݺԪʯԱߣһűȹߴٵľѾˣȻĹҵľżĲ࣬ľϾǻˡԺӵǰһСӣȪ۲ںӵڡ
ڻһЩС㣬Щʳʮֵˬڣӹǲţż̳СԼ
СĿռڣ˵ĳҲǶĶһ峤˽¸Ǹ߹ԼĿռ䶼ûйСôԣ
˵۵졣
ڹСȪԪʯѾõ˶ǲסжˣ֮ʵһҲȹڹʦĲԹᣬʼ˲ٵӡ
С粻ҳȥ߶ȴҲвסʼѹ֮ǰռ鿪ʼϣֵҲˣڵԪʯʼ͸ҲůʯһĹ⻬ˡ
㣬ʲôСϽ˹ȥԪʯסˡ
ǣϹŵľʯ
ϹŵľʯӵеĲֹǸŨԪƬÿ궼ٵԪʯҪʯȥݴ½Ϊ̫ˡ
ڣȴ˾ʯҿ١
һöʯԪ㶪˹Ȫ
ƽĹȪСȴʼܿ죬ȪԱߣȴ³һϸСȪۡ
γֵȪۺСǹĳµȪˮ֮ǰĶһˡ
С㵵⡭
ԪȪС˷ܵ˵˻ҲŻĶ
ԣҲɴóһСƿȡһЩԪȪˮȻٺ٣֮ҲԼڵԪͻͽ

377 С

ռ˵ǹСģ˵ǹġ
һжǰչϲĲá
ǰʱ򲢲ϲ֣һСıԷΪϲ滨ԵʣԺҲ˲ٵ
տͻ˳ӵļڣСŮժӸȥ
СԷ󣬵ȰǷҪһЩ
ʱĹĲʵһҲţʮֵĳӯ˺ܾȴѡ˷
ǸϲֵˣϲԼһˣҲΪ飬ǶĺøҲ˲١
ǱϾǸɰΪŮѾԭˣȡӳΪڶ˵ʵǴ治Ĵڡԣλڼ䣬Ҳõ˲ٵ
ЩﻹвŮӣΪǸ񶾵Ķ֪ܣŮӵȥԦң
˿ںЩֻҲû˼ƣʱ򣬴඼ȥԷס졣
ռڵһУǰյıԷġ
ľƺΣգռȴʮֵҲЩӣµоһԼЩռ鼮鼮ٶȱͺܿ죬ּЩӺǧ¾ǧ¾Щļ⣬Щǧ¾ȷû̫Ը߹ҲΪǧ¾ȷкġֺȴδǺġǧ¾һģԶ͹˵ҲûʲôԼҲǵʦ滰ùӵΡֻǧ¾ôҲû뵽֮ǰĶôϣδŹ
ŲٵĴͷеĽҽ˷
ĽҵķĽ֮ԸҲŹҵҪĶ
ˡ
Ҫ뿪ȻЩѣȴȫܵġ
ԹϢʱ䣬ʼԼĶ
棬߷Լ˿ռ󣬹ǧ¾Ϣȴ׵ϢˣСǳ׵ĶҲûһ˿˿ĺۼⰺߺջȴΪ
ַڵĶ߱лﶼҪ˶Σȴûҵ˹ǧ¾Ӱ
ΪйСԭ򣬶ǧ¾ôصģ˭Ҳ֪
߿ʼǿʼҿôҺģ
طǧˣҪȥȻǿԵġ
ǹǧ¾ȴͨ޵ߣǵʱǱܺĵ
˿ûбÿոֵĴӰ죬ọ́ʼо߿ռĵطСðͷԹ֨֨ѽѽĽ˼
ţɻĿСԼϥϣ˵żϢ
ϤϢ˭ģ
С˵żԼϵζڸ
⸽ȴֻߣʲôˣ
ԹЩɻ
ģС˺ܼŹͣϾŵζǾòȷСΪǰĶߣȻҿ϶Ϣġ
СʱȷиѣôȥˣԼ˴
ӣÿ춼ŵǹ÷ϢϤ˺ܶļ䡣
ħˣѣ룬ɡ
С˳Ĭ˻ᣬ͹˵ߵӦ÷ӡһѡ
㵣ʳҪǴģ
ûгȥ𣿡СشһҲ̤طΪ׺ȥĻ϶ᱻƬ
ܳȥôʲôأ
֮ԲΪ׵ħˣǲܱתħģҲ׵ħˣôᱻգ
ó𰸺󣬹СҲױԼƶϾȵˡ
ϹŵŲٵıȴûһ˸ֱȥʳһޣΪڵ֮ԲһΪѾ׵Ķħǲܳ׵뿪طˡ
Ϊ뿪ԿʼֹĻᱻһһɣʱ߾ģˣҪıأ˭Ҳܴߵæ뿪ûдߵı
ҪôϵüĻǻȫҲ취
ûǣǰװ׵İæˣ
ɲһΪСˣߵĶ֣߻̫Сˡ
ߵһôһоͲһˡ
Ĳ֣ʵѹߵߴ磬ڵߴء
طֻнߵڣܺúõĹ
Ϊ

378 

С˼ԼҲ֪ԼΨһпܾѵĻᡣ
ǴǰȻǲηߵġ
Ǹ߸ϵĹŷһ壬ı廹ڣôԸߣʵá
ĳǶڶ޵ѹѾǻ̬ˡ
ߵĶ֡
Դ˹Сʵ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ҪĶûзҲڵĲħ׵ʧĸɸɾ
СǱĳƷĶʲôѡȨ
ҿͨ꣡СҧҪҡ
üô
ҪѪҺС˵ѪҺվͷѪҺһЩҪһ£
֪С˵˼Ҳ߹ҪôڵѪҺתɷѪҺ
ԡǷԣϣС˿ŹѪҺȻӶ˳ȻѪҺգСҲ³һɻ棬ѪҺڻ﷢֨֨
ȭͷѪҺڻԽԽССֻˡ
ѪҺԹ˵ϹѪҺ
̧֣ѪҺƯСΪܽԹĸܵѪҺԪ࣬ڴʱҲףΪʲô֮ԻᱻޣΪϺܶණǺ޲һġ
ͨѪҺӦûʣһ㣬ʱСĻѪҺ׵ıɸĴڡ
С˵ΪͷѪϵɰӴѪҺҲŸı䣡
ȻܲС˵Ļ棬Ψһİ취
Ǹ߸ϵһ壬Ȼ޵һƣɹҲǶԻѪ޵ǿģǵΨдѪǿСԸ߹Щǳ׵ķڷһУǵϡ
ллеѪҺһᾡҵ㣡
ͨҪԪһŲʯͷպÿ԰㣡óһöɫʯͷС˵ǰʼɣ
ʯͷ濴ȥ˱
С˱Ͼڷ˲꣬һ۾ͿĳǺܺõı
Ҳûʱ͹˵лˣǰԼαС˺ܶ࣬ѪҺ˹ȥ
µС˵ֻйİƴӺѪҺڹϷţȴʼû뿪طᣬùСѷŵľʯóһЩΧСʹá
СһȥǼʱ𽥱ñ䣬ȴͻȻ
ߵͲһͳ׵ĳΪһҲڳ壬Χһжĺʼضɽҡ
ѹûбŵΨСɪɪԦڹĿռָֱ˻˯
ڹΪСҪʧܵʱСȴͻȻѹˡ
ŹȻû˵ȴǿЦݡ
һС˻һɺ⣬
룬ӦǺϢ
С˵͸֧̫࣬Դʱֱ˻˯ٴγʱѾպˡ
߱ߵĺΧٵľ߱ߵʱˣڹСҵĵطɽ߻ʱȡһֱߣǻᱻҲǳ顣
С߹Сʵš
ССĻ飬һɫ
СҲʱ͸¶Լ֣һɫķˣһֱСະС졣
˵С൱걾øһǨƵģΪСĸ׺ĸ׶˴㲻Ը뿪ˡ
طĸıأĸ˶Ķ
ֻСôҲû뵽߻ѡħǻСߵǻȴû׵ϨΪСӣȴСڵͻǡ
СǸƵˣЩһֱδħ
СڿСʱ򣬻Ц˵Լļ˼ģаʤ
С˵ǽԴߴ紦ףɱߣС˵㣬ԵĶ԰ɣ
Цãܰ
ʵֵ߽ʱͷ֣ߵߴ紦ʵûһ㣬ҪĿ̫ˡ
̫ƻˣҪֻ鷳
㣡СһɵĺһԴĥŹģȾСɣ
С̫ˣһô꣡
С˵Сٰ࣬СĸıɣȻСǲ뿪ģ
ڿ飬С˵ֵʱǰȴһ
СȻСĸĸȴǳ
ıж٣

379 Ϥ

߱Ͼ˶ΪԸħҲˡ
̫Լʲôˣ
ʵһֱģҵʱסĴҴӶɹ׽٣ȴ뵽ջʧˡ
ߺ޶ˡ
˽
ԣڶħҵδ뿪Сһ
߱ΪԳ׵СȴС̫ǿ󣬵ʱͲ㷴ǡСδ꣬ǻᷴСɡ
Щÿ춼޲СôȥˣҲֻǰСѪˣǼܺͻȴɲڡ߾þֵǣСζСһ겻һ꣬ٸǧ꣬϶ܳ׵ɵС
ƫƫģ˴
˴ط
СڽҲ׵ĻԾͼȣߺŭΪЩ޵߻ǳűģȴû뵽Щ˻ʶС
߳ױŭˣһμӹ˶Կռķӡʧȥ
߶ԼڵСŭ𣬡뿪
Ѿ²⵽ҪʲôԼӣǧ¾ȴпԡ
ǧ¾ѹ֪ڲռڣȴǱ߷ռڣ߲ӡ߲ȥˣǧ¾Ȼǲĵģûа취ΪȷǸߣǺ߱ǲ˲١
ô죿ǧ¾ԼĿռڣҲԼŲ̫ˡ
ߵ̬죬ǳױ˼ŭһҪ޴ķȥҪˡ
ǧ¾ƴȫߴ򶷣ҲԴߵӳȥĻᱻ͸֧̫࣬ʹ˵ҩҲҪӲܲʱǧ¾ѹ֪ǷҲӡ֮ڣùΪԼͣȴ֪ùô죡
ǧ¾ЩڣʱӦڹı֣ù׵ȥж
ǧ¾ôڣȴҲ֡
ѡĵķ׭תԼĿĵء
÷׭С˺Թ˵ߵˣ
֪СЩȣôߵģ
һŷ׭׭תƵĵصȴǲ̶ģû׼ѪأС˼֨֨סĵطɲǸȫĵطŰڷŵĶҲֵĺܣ㣬ǺԶˣҪ𣿡
ţʱ֣ЦЦС׼ã
СԸ˵ĵ˵ͷģֻҪСˣҺСܱˣԲǸ˺㣡СϤˣСȥĹ˹ɣööģ

СЩΣĹôġ
С˵ģΪСҲվǸӵӣѹҪʣС˱һ˵ĸɸɾͲСǰ飬ȫ߹ˡ
ͷĳʹȥ˶꣬ɲдڻڣֻҪǲħͻһֱǡ
Сõӡ
ʱ󡭡
һɫȹߵǰ
Ȼŭˣ˫۾ȺҪϼʱŹ񣬷ڿʲôһСϣڳˣ
ôˣ
ҡͷ£
£ҡԴϵƬΧİ׹ﷺӨӨĹâֻôԶԶĿţñ쳣Ҿ
Ƿˣ
Ц˾Ȼˣôӷģѵ㲻ǵˣ
ߵͷš
ӱȹ˺ܶ࣬ǰԵüСƺѹ׵ĿһŶԭǸë
ССëҲҽż˹ϵζǶ񶾣ȻëĴڣһΪ߸ϵķ壬ǲ޵ͨģ
ǿЦһһš
죬ܳһˣӿʼգг˸һɫķE·ʮֵעEϵĿŲٵķơ
ԶEñƳɵģӽķ֣һֵĽֻǳѡ
һɫȹEƯǰ΢΢ͣ˿Զָ߲ʡ
EǿʲôֲĶһ㵽˭
ǰһĻƺϤ

380 

ܣ
ǸѾˣ
ۿ޵ǰʬ׿Ȼӡ
ôǰ˭
ƼԦEˣݴ½Ҳڶˡ
ǡ߶˶٣㲻ǣ
Ū飡
˵㳯Ź˦βԺȴֹһ˿ϤĸоռĸоӶŷEϿʼӡǵһνӡȴϰһù֣ĸоȷûӡEﷺűɫĹâΧһжâס߷ӡĿռϣȴҲһ˿˿ɫ·
Ư߲ԶĵطűɫĹâǱȴһŹĺ죬һĻǺɫĹâɫĹâڽսһ
ˣڿߵʱʵη֮ģǲ֪һӶķE
ʵҲǺµġ
һ̤ͨ޵磬¶ߵˣܶʵڸǺ±ûбҪ£Ƿõ·Ǻˣôȵ
ԣɰռӽӡٶ졣
Ҳû뵽һԪӤȻ˵ĶÿһϤģ߾úǹ־Щ¡
ΪǸŮӣ̫ڿֲ
ǸߣǰŮͼŮǲһģǸŮżķɫü۽һƬ䡣ǰŮȴһͣΪͼλżľ롣
Īǡת
ЩţȴӴ˹ΪֹķEƺͼĲһ
ķEȷڹı
С˽ģǷ˲ſԼԦıСȥ˶꣬ķEҲȥʧȥ˲ٵ
ÿ޵ıҪѪҺģҲΪˣܼԦС˵ķE
һ˵ıȫܼԦģ
߶ŹһɺɫĶҺŷEһӣһɱɫĹâ㽫ЩҺ˻ȥ
С˼Ӧ࣬һæ
ӹ˳𽥻ָԼСſһ˵öЩ̶
СڹϿգ߾һɻȥ֪СҪʲôһӶE֮䣬һɫͼ棬˵Ļͺȼյĸ
ͬʱʼ÷EΧꡣ
һƿ˼ڵŮһΧķ翪ʼڹηͬʱҲ¡
ߵκܴҪܴ꣬͵СԼӣ߲û꣬Ȼϡ
ֻû뵽µĸʲô꣬͡
͸ģվͣûʣ󣬱ȼ
һˣŹ˦βȥĶܿ죬ڲȻûע⵽һβͳڵϣ³һѪ
ѪҺմȾĳȹϣɫȹĴۡ
ȴ΢΢üǲ֪ʹһһգеķEڿеģ
ڷʱҲڵϣЩ˴󣬱㿪ʼѸٵڵĿյϣգۼ䳤ССݣȻЩּһ
ߵƬܺ񣬼ʹԶȥһױȼյĻߣȴ˿ûбӰ졣
߲·˵Ļ棬Сûг꣬ʱ꣬Ի½ܶࡣ
㣡С˶ԹһŷEΧϣСȻϣĿ̫ˣɽƺ˴һȥһƬͣ
ʹСҲǰľɫĿɿڴ
һԪӤ޵ߣô˻ľϵҲ̫ڿֲˣ
ֲǣЩڲߵͬʱһƯڹǰγһľ
汻һЩҩˮűһɸõζ
С࣬ҪˣС˵꣬һ˺żƣٿ߷Eһľ˵̣ɵߵϷĵطǶʲôŹֵĶһŹŹֵĹâ
ãС˵˵ͷ
һߵϳ˱ɫĹâǴڷġ
ͬʱ£ߵߴĵطߵҲһֵɫâͬʱڶߴĵطһ
ɫĹâĲݵ

381 ӡ

ΧһжɫĹâڸǣɽǴڶһɽǴյľɫ
С׵ʱ򣬾סͩΪĴ֣ͩӡ
ȻǰһУȴһĻȻֻͩҪÿ
Ҳ֪ΣգȻЩַһֱս޲ʤ԰Ըӡ
ûþȫ޷ùһᣬֻڻһֻδ
ߴĵطð̹ͻӲףȻ̹һֵģһԼʮҵꡣ
괩һɫĳۣһ˫ɫϺõ꣬һһһſзһ
Ҳǵһ
ͷ޵λȻǻֻ̬ôһУ߱ǱСŵһ£ѹð޳
Ҳ֪Լߴ类ҲҪѸʧڿʼһɺɫ
СģСŹС˷ɹҪԱ
˶ޣֶħһԱڵħַħӰ쵽Сˣħ
û뵽Լһѡͬھ
ɫҲһףΪЩ޺޶һģ򲻵ǲԸԱģȴ˿ûж˼ֱѡԱܶԸ⡣
ʶ㻽ߺҪסߡ
ֻߺסģǴôӡ˫־ͻǹ˲ˣǱԱôתĻᶼûˣ
޴ߵǰߵѾɫڸǣѾʼѡ
δһԼԦ˶ߺһʱѷڵĹСС綼Ѫ˻֮С
֪Լڹȥûлȥȫһ־
ò˵ߺȷסߵĶ߿ߺҧгݡ
ʼ³һɫڵ
鵤СԼӣֵıһ߰ɫǼܣҪԼѾ߰˰˵Ĺ˼ң赲ը
鵤ԱԼֻأҪקЩҲû
ҲۣƴҪֹʵȴ̫ˡ
ʱһ˫СɵִӿǻһڽӡͬʱEҲ˹ȥ
˫ֵһŵĺɫ룬ɫӡĶԵøӵĹ졣
һ̷EͻȻ󣬶˫ڿе֣ŷE㳯߷ȥ
߱ӣڷEɹȥͬʱһɫһȺŮ
˵ŮΪò㴿ƣΪˣҲδζĿŮüĿðһˣüһһЦǷ顣ֻôԶԶĿţǹԶʣǳɽһȾǸ߲֮ʡ
Eߴĵطߵڱ˺ɫ׽㣿
δ˵꣬ڵӿеǳױͿһصĵ˵ϡ
һԼҲֲס˹ȥ
ٴ۵ʱȴǻһط
ףԼξ
һīݵСԺһŰɫȹŮԶԶĿ
ʥŮǰŮ˴
ʶңŮЩɻĿŹµģ
Ҳµġش
Ůߵǰ̧ʳָüģŮߺ͹һĹȴЩη塣
̫ǿˣǵڳϣôûá
ߵʱ˼취룬ŮǰԺֻ֡
ʱӵȷˣǰ˱ǹʥŮȾ˪
ʥŮȾ˪޸ĸİȾ˪Ϊĸһӡһɽȣɽֳ꿪ŰɫĻûɫԼȡаȾ˪
Ⱦ˪׵ʱ򣬳ס޵ĵطҲºѡɹʥŮʱЩ޶Ը⳼Ľ¡
Ҳ˵Ⱦ˪зѪҺģ԰Ⱦ˪һֱ
ʱȥ̫ã˭Ҳ²ⲻȾ˪ôģ̫ˣеĴŶڿ϶һ飬Ⱦ˪ĺһ˱һ󴫵ݴ½޲䡣
޲ģڵڶ࣬Ⱦ˪ȴһǣɼȾ˪ж

382 Ҿ㣨һ

Ⱦ˪ָ䣬ǧһùĶ¡
ԭȾ˪̾һԩ
Щʧһûǲģ
Ⱦ˪Թ˵ǸҵĴңӦò
ŰȾ˪ʶ˺һ㶼֪ˣ
ţȾ˪һĵϣҲ
㲻ûʥŮʥŮģѾˣǸˣȾ˪˵ҵͽ¡
ɻ󣬡Ҳף
Ĵϻۣ׵ģҾ㣬ҲңȾ˪˵ǻתģȻΪʥŮҲǻתģֻұΪǻɢģͽռ˲л꣬ҿתɾôٵĲл꣬Ҳٴλݴ½
ͽЩһֱٻһӦҲ֪ҵʬױֿˣӡߺ
Ⱦ˪˵˵Ĺһӡҵڵҵӣҵͷ­
ǶѶԸģҲֻǲлһС䣬Ҳ̫ͣãʲôʵģҰɣ
ŰȾ˪Ҳסˡ
ˣʱѾ׵ĻˣŰȾ˪ĻȴǺܿˡ
˵㣬㻹𣿡ʳԼ֪⣬ǰȾ˪ҪᣬһҲס
˵ˣѾȥˣǰҲǽסĻǡȾ˪ش𣬡ңлǲл꣬ʱ֪һûͽǸִŵģףҰȾ˪ǰȾ˪һתˣ㲻һˣ
Һ֮ԩǽⲻģҲԸԩȥˣ
Ⱦ˪кܶʣɴֱӸ߹
Ⱦ˪δȻǸ⣬ΪδȻ㹻ɣ԰Ⱦ˪ſʼδȻ֪δȻѪ˺ǶʼδȻΪδȻڵѪһѪ޻ҵġ
Ҳ˵δȻᱻڵѪԦݴ½޽ͨ
Ⱦ˪˱֤ƺδȻ
δȻΪˣߺշӡԼ
δȻڵѪҺȴ޻ҷˣǶλδȻλӣ׼ͨ
Ⱦ˪˵ҹδȻһ˵ӡˣҼǵпȥôԷӡԼ˶ͽܣ֪ԼַӡҲұ˷ӡʵʱߺұ˴죡
ҹǿպ
Ҳ׼ӡǰһҹ޽ͨ޵תȴˣôȥˣҲ֪˭򿪵ģ
Ⱦ˪˵鷢˶ΪδȻĴҪɱ
ҲңȾ˪ͷ𣿡
ʱе˶ΪǰȾ˪Ϊ˾δȻͨǰȾ˪ԼܾδȻΪδȻʦȻԸġԼȥȡδȻİȣȻԥҪݴ½ڶȥȡδȻİȣȴ顣
ڰȾ˪δȻҪȻݴ½ҲǺҪġ
ô˽ҲΪʲôԸӡδȻԭ
γѹҪӡδȻͽܣһͽܣҲôһ˿Ůϲͽܣ
ϧ˶Ψзվߵġ
ţ˵㲻ˣ
ǣôͲˣ
Ȼ޻ҵˣԱȴ⣡
㵱ʱѡ˺޵߻ǵޣȥӡͨ󷨶𣿡
Ⱦ˪ŹЦ֪ļ䣬ҶҪɣǰļ̳ˣ
ǰҲԸ⿴㿪ʼһǶվǲŵģԺҵĵҩﶯֽţҵѷ㱻ܣȾ˪˵Ц֪ݴ½Ϊʲôݴ½ֿΪٵ֪ǲ޵Ķ֣ѡ
ô᲻Ƕأֻ˽Ըѣ
Ⱦ˪˵ӵվʲôʹļһ
ҵĵҩﶯֽŵգұ֪Ҫжݴ½ݴ½Ĵ󡣡Ⱦ˪ȷˣʱҸմ޽ӻҴ󲿷ֵӡ޽絽ݴ½ͨȴЩ
˼䣡
ɫɷף㡭ֵ𣿡
Щ˶ңҲܹǣȾ˪ʮּ˵ʱչңʲô
ݴ½ͨݴ½󷨳׵ʧôݴ½Ϊ޵ĳѨ˼䣬ҵάݴ½Ͱȣݴ½ݴ½Ĵûг׵𻵣
ݴ½Ų᳹׵Ŀݽߣ

383 Ҿ㣨

ݴ½ݴ½һֱת͵ͨ
԰Ⱦ˪¿ʼݴ½ݴ½ȫһġ
ݴ½ȴ࣬Ϊݴ½ĵϣ̺Ԫ
ͨ޵ߣ޵ȥݴ½ôΪٶȶӿܶࡣҲǺܶȥݵԭ
ƫƫģȾ˪ϲݴ½
Ⱦ˪ϰ˺һסϲżȥɽµׯϣͨһһӡ
δȻڳ˶꣬ϰЩͨΪ˻ŶŬ
ҪĲ࣬Ͼ·һжܣȾ˪Թ˵Ҽǵʱ೯ʱҴй˲ٵİաʱĵʲôҵһӹܵˣǾĹңҲάְ꣡
ΪǶԣֻҪܻţ˭ҲԸͼȥðգǶԸܣ
Ⱦ˪Цֻ޵ߵЩͨ϶磬óȻжݴ½ݴ½ϵһ鶼ʱǹ⣬ǹڣûа
Щ߸ϵˣֻԼţ˽
Ⱦ˪˵ЩҲ𽥵֮顣
Ⱦ˪ֹЩ뿪ЩҲ֪Ⱦ˪ҪЩͨվһġ
Ϊ߸ϵ棬ΪĳޣôԼĶأҪ׵жϺݴ½Ȼǰĵݴ½סݴ½᲻ݣ޹ˡ
ԣǳŰȾ˪׵Ŀݽߣɱ˰Ⱦ˪
ǰȾ˪̫ǿˣʹȾ˪ȴɱǺܶҲΪʲôȾ˪ᱻпӡߺԭ
ǻ˿ʼҥȾ˪˽Ϊͽܴ޽ݴ½ͨȴѹȥνࡣ
굽˭ͨǶѾҪˣѹҲģǹĵԼջôջߵһ
ڹ𣿡ŰȾ˪˵㵱һߣֻأҲˣ
ǰȾ˪ֻأǿһҲʲô£ҹ԰Ⱦ˪´ݴ½ݴ½ͨģʱȾ˪ȥݴ½ǵ
ǰȾ˪ȴûֻأ˻ǣһֻΪ˱ЩС顣
ڹʱҲͨ˵Ϣڹǧ֮⣬Сҡ
ϮǶʧĸɸɾ
㲻֪𣿡Ⱦ˪ŹһЦֻǱǸ͵
ҵĲл꣬ٻŻ㻽Ⱦ˪ֻͣδȻѾˣҲ²飬δȻģ
ûȥһУһԣܲܰҵ굽˭ͨСδȻôģ
δȻǰȾ˪ĺӣδȻˣȾ˪Ҳ֪ԭ
ϧѾȥˣܺ͹ԻҲΪĲл꣬л̫СŰ˹ϡ١
ҡҲЦ̫ˣ
Ⱦ˪Źݸ뷨ʼһģ
ҡͷҺ㲢һҲ˵ȻתҺվһˡûôΰΪµĲԼһУʮֵ
𣿡Ⱦ˪ûȥĻ͹ȷǲһ㶨ǹȴҲûԼ˵ôǱ
Ⱦ˪߹һУҲΪȷǸС
ڹϵĲлѹûʲôĳַΪ˹׸ڵΨһģָз׭󷨡
Щ֪һЩ
ҲһУұұѧ㡣Ⱦ˪Թ˵һܰĹذʱ
̫ˣģ
õϴݣô֮л˳ܶ࣡
ŰȾ˪ȴЩȣܴĹأ
ţǷһ飬˵ҪԸΪҿĹذʱȾ˪ԹûаĹֹϴݣҵĹǼܣ㻹õתԪݣ
תԪݣԲۣ˼ݣĴڵģ
ȻȾ˪֪Ϊʲô˵ľȣֻܴһתԪݣ
תԪĵطǣƳɵҩ԰һ˵ȫתԪҲǴһ˵ʵֱӴӳߵһν
ĹԪӤʳСתԪݣôֱߵϡ
ΪľˣɽҲޱȵ˳

384 ˭

Ⱦ˪ȷܴ󣬶Ȥǣ굽˭ͨ
ܴ򿪵һȻҲܴ򿪵ڶΣаȾ˪ţȴû˰æˣ
Ҫţֻ·
ҪôͰȾ˪һȥս
ڶǴݴ½ݴ½ͨݴ½˲òΪԱվһսϡ
취Ҫһǰᣬ㹻ʵ
ûдӰȾ˪֪飬ڳΪ˳󣬻Щˡڣ֪޵ǿˣݴ½˵ʵһС϶ѡ
Ҫǿ󣬾͵øŰȾ˪ס
ѹûж룬ǸȾ˪̸ˣתԪݣҪţ
㡭Ⱦ˪ԲۣΪôҵ𣿡
ʥŮô룬㹻תԪݣôҵʵҲǿһЩֹҲ̽࣬ôҲȭͷ˵ûа취˵ʵ̫ڹڶȥô֮ô̽أ
ʥŮǲ֪ɣδȻͽܣڶͽΪΨһʦһˡͽҲϣ˭ģҪҲЩѣ
ЩҪʵ
̫Ⱦ˪ʲôӵˣʹǰȾ˪תưȾ˪ʱҲû˿ͣ٣˵ʮֵϸ
Ⱦ˪ҧгݣ㡭
Һһˣ
ЦЦԭͲһ˰
̸󣬰Ⱦ˪վͬˣȾ˪ûǵֱ̬ס˹СĽֻǰȾ˪̫ˣ͹̸˳˯
ʱ򣬱С˵Ŀ
˿ȷһֵ˾ñˣ˺һʹ档
ô죡СںС̸᲻£
ģСοСˣѾóߵڵɢħ䵽˽ˣ
ڴǰ߸ϵޣôԹ˵𾴣ǹΪ˾ǣ㱻ԱԴʱǣȻҲóԼ޵ļӡ
ۺС˱СԴ˲СֱӻΡ
οǣ˵Լû£СȴԸŹùúõϢ
ﻹϢŰȾ˪޸˲ٵľʵҲûôˣΪȾ˪İæҲѧһЩԼ
ڵһȥģҵµı
㣡СͷţҺ񿴼׽ˣ
𣿡
СʹǲʶȾ˪СȻޣǼȾ˪ʱȴҪһʥŮֱ˵Ⱦ˪֣Ǵ󲻾ġ
ͰȾ˪ĸʵãСȴϲȾ˪׵ʱȴԶԶĿһȾ˪һĿŮӣŭ
׽㣿ɻ󣬡˭
ͰȾ˪ҪŲٵˣСյߣȻС
ڹСС磬Ǻ͹ǩڣǱܻҲ֪Ⱦ˪ĴްģСȴǻ̬ʱ뿪ġ
Сӣ֪֪Ⱦ˪Ĵڡ
Ҳǣ
СŹĹ䣬ǸвʮŮΪΪܸߣòͣʮʱһ󣬹Ųôòʱȴ¶˰ķɫֻİڵסӡ
СùݣƺЩϤЩȾ˪ȴֲ̫񡣰Ⱦ˪˵ӲҲ̫Ľͺġ
˽磬ǰȾ˪󷨣Χٵ˵Ĳ̽
ǧ¾⼸˿뱻ǧ¾Լġ
ȹ׵ϢˣСſ˵ҪȥҸĸµĶ
ò˵Сȷʹȥˣļȴͣڴǰûһʱ˳õСĸµıлвٵĵ顣
СΪ壬ȻҲϲԹҲ˲ٵĶС⵼СԹʮֵĸм
ͬʱǧ¾ȴѪ˳
һλص˵ڵĵط΢΢Ŀǰ޴ĹǼܣˣ
ɱģǧ¾ߵС˵żʲôϢ𣿡
ϢзϢСشǧ¾ˣǵÿһЩȻҪҵĶҲˣ
д˵Ļǣܼ̳ĴУǡ
Сûм˵ȥΪʱǧ¾ɫѿ֪ǧ¾λ˵Ĳлֲˡ


385 

ǧ¾ߵգʵΪжôˣһĨ˵Ĳл꣡
лʮֵǧ¾̫ĶʮֵѪ
ѪҪ
͵ϲɱҲϲ֣ǧ¾ǳڶɱ¾ʱò˶˲
Ȱǧ¾Ҫֵ̫ԣǧ¾ΪչڵĲл꣬ȴȻѡ˷ѡ
С֪ǧ¾ɱĶǸˣǲ˶ǧ¾Ǹ
ߣǧ¾ֿܶܣȴûһֿǹ߱Ķ
Ϊ̫߳࣬ڻ˵ôñȹ˲ǣ
͹ǲһġ
ǧ¾Ҫ̤ڣͱ̳ĴУ񡭡
ʱȻ֪ǧ¾뷨С£̤岻ٵıڡߵĴæ̫ĶûдߣڹĿռָ㹻ı˲٣ѩ𶼺ۡ
ҲΪЩѩʽ̤
ѩôҲû뵽ԼϵĹԼʱѩ׵ķӫ⣬ͨȫһĽҲ𽥱ó졣
ʱѩѾԻˣټϹߺȫסѩϵϢ
ѩԸ⣬ʱԱθڹߣֻǲ̫ԶȻߺվǷӡסȫϢ
ǡǰıɫԲξʯʲô
ĴУС߹ÿһע棡
˵ǵλѵڵγɵƬʷϵʵôλƬݵһλʵģ
ʵǿ̫࣬ȻֻڵһЩƬЩȥˣÿһעȥôκһ˿ӣ֮ûߴУҲĺ֮½ûκεСûôУ޷ţ
ˣҪǿȴȥЩòԼǵ
СҲˡ
УҲѪҺ˼̳Уû˿İ취ģ
̳аɣСԹ˵̧꣬һѪҺֳЩһֱһͷѪϣܼ̳⴫У
ǲ⴫еģϣף
ʵ̫ʹڵİȾ˪󣬰Ⱦ˪˵Խܣ͵Ƿһ飬ճˣ
꣬˵ͷ
СͷѪü䣬һ̹ǱȻһ۵Щۡ
ץסʯСԹ˵
ץסʯһ޴İʯͷϷ˳
ΪѾܾ޴ˣǰɫľȴߴٱһƬ
һ֣СʶĹ˵ϡ
壿Ҫ˵ʲôȴͣ˼
ȻĴУҲϣ飬һҪ
˵󣬶Źƣ˵һ䣬Ը㰲ã
Ⱦ˪Ű˵ͷڵʲôҶǵã
ͰȾ˪ĽҲû֪ˣҲڴʱƤǱȼһ
ȷǱУʹȴùʧȥǡ
̲ۡסૡ
ˣҪԡģȾ˪סˣ̲סˣص㣡
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ԸٻصǰʱԸһΡʧܣȴԸΪԼķʧܡ
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ȥĹڲϴݣǰǶЩĹǼ󣬲ſʼϴݡ
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ȴ˿ûֹڹҲתԪݵʱڹߡ
תԪݣʲĶԹ˵ϣܼǵýգѣһҪ־ǣ壡
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ŰɣȾ˪Թ˵ˣ
Ⱦ˪ȻʶģֻǰȾ˪Ը͹ʵ飬㲻ʡ
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Ⱦ˪Ź˷ʮϴݣ̲סֹô׸תԪݣȻô죿
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ԣǲϣģ
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ϵĶ᲻ữɻҽҲֻ֪֪ҵòĶҲҵǰߣ
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ЩıͷǸǧ¾߶߼ޣ߼ޣ޵λҲǺĴڡ
ǰĹõ˵̫С죡
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ǧ¾ŹʮֵĳĴù
Ҫôɣﳤһɫ˳ŵϵɰʯȻȦǧ¾ϡ
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޲ʵԽЩǴģʵȴʮֵԦ䣬ôЩԦܺúôЩ̵ս
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ΪĳߣߵŮǶȻʧɫˣΪЩ꣬ûһùһüΣأ

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һ׽ʱΧֱǵضɽҡԶ׺Ҳ˾޴ķˡ
Ĳ䣿ס׽٣ǧ¾Ҳϣֻǵһ׽٣ǧ¾ȴûʹ
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ǧ¾һξԼ̫ڵţ֪ԶԸҪԸôҪһзѪҺˣΪ߶Էʮֵ
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ڵѪҺ͹һǲģĻαԿĳ
ԭ޳ģǧ¾ĻȴһһЩ󳤳һֵĳڱϻкصĹǣǸֵͣǧ¾һ㲻˵ǰ¶
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391 游

յݴ½ʱ磬ǴĴڣһ㡣
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һͷɫĳ򵥵üһɰ룬һɰӵü䣬Եʮֵ֣ںü䣬ȴԵüʣ˾аŮ
Ӣ꣬ĽԨ޴ǳߣǵֵʱɱ˵òʧ
ͻȻˣΪʲôռҵļԺ
һ˵ΪԽߣʱ׿Խ
һ⡣Χºһϣžʲôˣ
ĸΪԼ˳ϺʵѾ˲٣ںǰɲ˵ԣ⵹ǺʩѹֶǿߵԹġ
ĸ仰ɫ䣬ûѪɫԵò԰ףĸף
ĸѾˣش𣬡ʵĸҲ̫ĸߵĸ磬½ĸģ
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Ȼˣڳ˹סСԺڣ˵ǰ
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ڵǽϣżҹ顣
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֪˭𣿡ݸһЦϵ̬ȴôҲزסˣϵ͸ʱһ㱡ɴһ̬磬Ľܾˣ
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޷ǰŮֹѾ˳ڣҪǹľѾȹ̣ƺѾߵ˳ڡ
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396 

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397 

컹δȥ˺硣
ն黹ԽԽһֱš
ԽļǸԹЦˣΪĳ֣ǳ׵ıһƵġ
ʦڲʵڿ޺ͺ֣ԽҲΪߵһ
ʱֻԽ˵һ䣬ϵıӣǰβ
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ϲžȷʲô顣
ԽҲ˶ǰ飬׺ΪĹĹʦǺжôĹΪ粻ҡֻÿҶвŲҡ
Ǻ뷨ʶҲΪЩԽĹĻңû̫
޵Ѷߺ󣬺練ǰοúõЪϢ
ٹһЩӣҪˡ
ߺˣȥһ𣡡Թ뷨Ȼ֪һЩǸ߹ߺӡĵʲô
Թû˿
ãҲûкͺȹߺԽȥ˺硣
ûˣԽϢ󣬡ռҪˣ
Ĺԣʲô飡
ȻΪ˼İԵҲδʲô飬ޱϾĹ޵ߣĹʱĹвٵ˻Ϊ޵ĴڣҶĹһЩʲô
ΪʲôǺ飿˵ڣģɱ˵İβ䲻ĻңҲǼǽ̤𣬵ʱҲҵߺ
Խźһֱ˵޲˵ĺôһʱҲԡ
꺫һֱûɱޣʵΪĹĹڰȣΪ游ĺ磬ڶԴŮʱȴĺͿйҪϵǣҲק̬
Ҳֺ˵۰вǷøĶǶǰμġ
ϻۣܶ鶼һףĹͽܣҲʮֵ۰
֪ԽԺ˵Ϣˣ
е˼ǣҪռңϣֹеԽ˵Ҳ֪⼸֮䣬һֱìܣ
һҶϰˣпʼȻԸ⿴ӣзĽҵϸʵһֱĽҺ͹ĹϵĽҵȴԹǳкøУѹ˵ҲǵŴʧܣ¶ЩĽҵϸĽҵгԿˣȻˣҪԹ֡
ֻҪ֣ôеҲǰ첻ˡ
ΪеĳϣȻܶ鶼Ҫʹ
ֱӸУ˵еһȥСȥϢҲųȥɣ
Ҳô⣿Ҳ䣿˵˵ҲҪ鶯֣Ͼĵܵܡ
Ҳ֣Ҳٻˣ֪ô𣿡
Խں߶꣬ȻҲ֪粢Ǹʴȵûеߵˣ֪İɣһõģ
뺫綯֣޷˺֣ڹҵ̫ˣһֻ˵⡣Ϊ翼ǣȻҲҪΪǡ
Խߺ󣬺԰˵ߣ룬߱ϾǰҵޣҲû˰ɣ
ں߶꣬˺˼
֪ˣ˰ңһ˰ҵʥŮռ˰λӣֱץ˰صҡ
һ֪Լȥ˿ûа㷴
ܿ죬޵Ѷڹдˡ
Щռû񣬸ǲк˲ٵŮޣռҵжվү⣬һ϶մѪһٱռļ嶼ʼԸռҵˡ
ռҵӡ
ռҵ
ռҵÿһطʼ˴ݻ١
ռҸʱѾվү뿪
վүټլӣվǿЦ˳
ΪŮӣŮӣôҲû뵽ԼȻҲһŮӵ

398 

Ϊ޵Ůӣõġ
ǣʵˣ޵õʵԱ
ռҵլպҹȼһߵߣӵӡ
͸ռҴүվûӹⳡ˫˫һ
˭Ҳû뵽Ĺļ壬ȻûгŹС£׵ûˡ
˽²˶ΪǹģΪץ˹ĸ½̫̫˭֪˵ʵԣ½̫̫ȴչ˹꣬Ϊ˲Ϊ׸ꡣ
Щ½̫̫Ϊ˹˲ٵ飬Ȼ֪
½̫̫ǰĺӣȴǿ˳
Źĳ૵˵úӣˣ
½̫̫꣬˵ܿˣ½̫̫ȴ֪ԼѹûܵʲôࡣЩһֱͶÿһιڿʱ򣬶𾪹һαһε¡ϲһĺӣѾΪ˳ڵ棬ǳΪ˵ľ޵ߣһĹϵ
ľϵ޵ߣһշôٶȻܶࡣ
½̫̫û˵飬ʹЩĹȴ֣˵ʦôĳɫòǶôľɫǶô
֮Щ˵ǸĴڣ˽²˰˵ĳ
Ȼ½̫̫˵Լʲô½ֺ̫̫γ֪ߵһ˺ܶĿࡣ
ĸǸϻ۵ˣ½̫̫ԹЦЦӦûܸˣĳɾͣ
ҲΪ㹻ǿˣ½̫̫ڸ˹ž֮չ˹ĸףϧܺĹĸȥˣʵ½̫̫ȴǷӡ˹ĸ׵ʬס
ĸ׺ĸһϡķѪҺԡڵķѪҺ̫ϡˣҪҩѹ½̫̫̾һʹǹڵҲԪҲŷӡ
ĸ׵ķӡ⿪Ҫʱ䣬ҵø㣡
Ҫ˼ԡ𣿡½̫̫ⵤҩΨݲУ
ǰ˼ĵʦټݴ½ʲô˼ĵʦأ½̫̫ЦҲԸ
ʱҲ֪ˣΪʲô½̫̫Ϊĵʦڵϡ½̫̫סųٹʬףҲΪ˶ʧ̫
ųٹʵ½̫̫ĴųٹҲ½̫̫ŮǺ½̫̫ûаѪԵϵ½̫̫Ҳˡ
Щ½̫̫ȴһֱųٹ͹
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ռҵ鴦Ϻ󣬲½̫̫
½̫̫ôҲû뵽ԼȻܼ
Ǵһɫĳۣɫĳϵ˵ϣֻôţһĸ߹ʣ˾룡
ž½̫̫ʱҲ˵ųٹĸףžվû͸¶֡
˵⺢ССǺȴӸгٹ顣½̫̫˵ʱﻹֵ˼
ʵʵ߳½̫̫̫࣬ʹλߵϢ޵߶ʵĿ־ģ԰˵½̫̫Ӧúη庫ġ
ͷķŭվͻһŭ˶žʱΪʲô
½̫̫Ķ£ȰҪúˣǾＴʹҲҪ³ٹ飬˵
˵ӵĸףϲӣ˵⺢ӱýС
½̫̫˵ֿ磬㹼˾
½̫̫˵ЩʱʵԼҲǳѹֺγ֪Լ޴أ
ҵûвžֻҵʵ̫ͣҲֻܱ˵˵ЩҵĴ
ҴδĵطԲǸĵطҴˣش
翪ʼڣ½̫̫Ҳ𽥽˺ĽͣǺͺ˵
ǾöԲ͸Ͻ취Ϊ˼ʦɣٹķӡֻάʮˣʮʹۣҲŲסˡ
½̫̫˵ٹĺӣþȾ
ͷ֪һ취ģ
ǹȴûи½̫̫Ҫͻư˼ʦҪ̫ʱ䣬ħģħž
žһղͲͻư˼ʦľ磬һж̫ˡ

399 

׺ħôԼô᲻֪أ
ֻҪžزһգ㲻ܽ
ôԼΨһŮǿԵĻԸԼȥȡųٹĴ
ĸ½̫̫˵ỹС£ȥĸ׻
⡭Ҳã½̫̫֪Ļ⣬ʵųٹĵطȻأº˭Ҳ֪ųٹˣ
ǰ½̫̫δ߹̫ųٹ飬Ϊ֪ԽԽʧϾ˼ĵҩݴ½˭ƲĴڡ
췽ҹ̷
ȻҲĵҩųٹġˡ
ʹ࣬һܾͺˡ
֪ŮϢͲ侲ˣҹ͹һ½̫̫ȥ˹⡣
Ϊһͷ̫˵ע⣬ѡ˻ΣžȻꡣһֱ֪糤ĺÿڸɶžΪʲôԺ綯أȻֻǻָ֮ǰʱӣʧƬ̣Ժûʲô̬ȵ½̫̫Ҳƿͷ
Ϊߣ͹ѡ˰Ϊѹڣ·ϲδ̫Ķ
ӹڵҪһӣǿŴ͵󷨣ȴڵġ
ߵĴæ˿ܹڵ顣
ԺغÿնкܶݷĹҵ˶ˣһ޲ںϡ
ʱĹʦ⣬߹ǰİüʦģͷͨ
ҲԸ﹫ͨǰŮ̾һǹʦЩƣ˵˭Ҳ
ʵǸ׾ӵĽڣǰȴҲҲĽˣΪô˵߹ܿ˵˼ٻԣѹԸ߹˷ʱˣڰݷõڣǱȽϸ߹ˣ˱˵Ǽˣδܼ
߹ĳߣ߹ȴԼĴϻߵЩ߹Ҳף߹ҲǴ¹Ժڳģ԰ҲǸ߹档
мҪ߹ȻߣϾǻҵĹٻ˵˭˵߹֪ҵĵλʵںʲô
˶Ϊžﵱͻҵ飬žﲻ壬žﱰɡʲôӣ߹ȴʮֵġ
žͺ飬߹Ҳ˿˿Ĺ졣
гһĹĻҳ£δػңĹҿսͿ̿ȻǲᶯֵģںټĹңҪ
Ը߹֪ʦ˵Ƣ˵ˣ϶˭ҲģʹҷȥڵҲ
ԽϿɲңϲ˵̫ķϻӦҲףԽӸ˶˰ɣ
ԽǸϲˣԽȻǿɮȴûɮ˵Ĵȱ˸ǰİ䲻ǣôִˣ˵ĵ
ԽֺأЩٻ˸ȥԽ
߹˵ֻܰ̾һ
ЦȸˣǰﳤܼʦһҪ˵ˣ
߹߳ʦԶԶĿײȾվԶ
ӰײȾĺǲã
ײȾǰ׼ҵŮӣȴĸײȾʱҲỽײȾһ
ЩײȾûΪռ¡
Դռҳº󣬰ײȾҲٵԣǰռܰ飬ϡ
ײȾϲ̫ȴֵסЩ˶Ķ⡣
ײȾΪһѣϾǹʦĳϣǸ˺ˡ
ѹûдײȾǶԽ˵ðײȾȥ
ͲˣײȾûаϵˣǺͰ׼ҶԼҪԸ뿪ˡ
߹ײȾʱȴ΢΢ü
ûǰײȾȴס߹ĵ
ô²Ը𣿡ײȾ߹ЦЦ빫ӦҪʦ˰ɣ
빫Ҫʧˣʦѹڹʦڣ
ײȾ߹͸¶Ϣ֪ȥ𣿡
ȻײȾ֪ȥģ߹ʣôײȾض߹
߹֪ײȾʵ
߹ǸĺصˣǴ˿ȴûм׷ȥǵҡͷʦ˵飬ôùأԸȥɣҸ˵ʦκ飬Ըֵ֧ģ
Һܺһ飡߹ŰײȾȻ˵һ仰

400 

ײȾ߹ɻʣʲô£
ûǴĻǹʦĳϣһǳڹʦߵˣôʦ˵أ߹԰ײȾ˵Ȱ׳ϲҪ۰׼ҵģ
߹˵֮Ҳ˿ûٴײȾתһȥ
ײȾҧгݵĿȥŮŭ졣
Ȼ߹ġ
ĹĻӺ͹ڶ࣬߹ȴǺЩЩģ߹Ͳ󣬵ȴĴ
߹͹鷳ôʹΪˣҲǶġ
ײȾԼĽʵǹĴ
ռңŻᱻռۣײȾ˿ûпǹԼǷʲôֻԹ޹úõ·
߹ǸˣûϰײȾĵðײȾúź
ײȾڹûʲôõˣŵˣȴֲҺͺԣԼʹ֪ȥҲҷųϢ
ײȾĵ뿪ʱȴûзվڲԶϵԽ
Խ΢΢ĿȴףײȾܼڹʦڴˣݲ˴ڡ
ʱͺѾ˹⡣
ųٹķĹʵһĹĹԶĵطһӣˮȻű塣
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һμӹųٹķӡóĿռųٹʱԼĿռڴš
ҹﺫ߹Ҫųٹڹʦͷһж游ģ
úӣ֪ųٹȥʱСΪ̫СˣĸӵĸǱȽϵ׵ĹĲãԸ⺢ӡ
½̫̫Ȼϲ磬ʱȴǸˣѹСһһĸߺ磬翴ű侲˽ȴܵ
һ˻ص˹ں󣬹ȥ㡣
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ϲ׬ԪʯԼ͸Ǹˣÿ춼ܿġ󣬱Թ˵Һ˵㣡
ңЩȡ
ĽҵǸֵˣ˵ʵʵһҲȴܵ͵Ϊƺϲ̣ҲΪʲôĽһᾭӪ̻Եʡ
ǣ˵ҹڣ˵⣬Բ
΢΢üǻҹˣ
ĽһλС㣬Ż˲ٵˣҲ֪ˣӳʱͲ˴ʱĽе˶ҪڴӣЦǸʴȵģ˵ɶ޹ΪʲôҪúأ
ھŲٵˣ͵壡
ٺ⺢ӺĽҶϵΪǧ¾֮һ
һֱÿǷӡ
̾һһˣ˵ϣڸһ仰˵а˼ݣ֪ǷȤ
Ҿ⺢˵δ棬˼ϹʱڵĶݴ½ûа˼ݣΪȻ֪ģ˵ֻҸͷҪ㣡
ͷĻȴ˼š
һҪųٹģΪųٹžһħ
ջΪȻϣǿҪųٹž
Լгһգ϶ܳΪ˼ĵʦ׼һЩݣȻǱҪġ
⻰δ߹κˡ
˵ԼԼΪ˼ʦĻǲ˶ҪЦ˵Ρ
ڣԸ˼ҪȼҲŻ˵Ҳ֪ҺæûпС֣
ã㻺һ£Ϊˣ
ⲢΪѣ˵˼ݣȻҪģΪʦ˭õأ
ǧ¾Ҳץס˹㣬Ż˴

401 

պǧ˳ļ˹
ǧǵһμǰڰʱĹѾˣȺԵΪС
ǧҲŮӣݣûȥˡ
ǹƺ̫ԼòȺĹòҲСǹɸ߸ϵʣȴԵڲͬ
ǧ˵ڹĺӣױܵͬĽڶ˵Ѭ³ֵġ
ڹ⣬طƶ޵ϡ٣ȫ벻׹ôģ
ڵĹѾȥյòĹѾָԼյӣò˫ҹµĺ棬־
ǧΪŮӣʶҲЩʹò
˴ʦǧԹ񣬡
ǧûйĨǣֱ˵ҷƺأѾƵҩֻҪһСĶأΪˣ
ϳ˹ʦˣֻƾĵҩˣ
ǧĶ棬ЦЦ˵˵㣡
ǧ¾ڶӣǧȴȺĿǧ¾ںģǧ¾ȥַ·ϣǧ¾ʶǧĴҲȽ϶࣬ɼǧ¾ǧŮӵλǲһġ
ʮƽİأʮָгأ
𣿡ǧĴƣЦĸ޹Ů˾ʮֵǽѾǺѵˡ
޵˶ѬģҶ˭ûʲôģֵǣǧ˵ʱɲͷȴʧĸɸɾ
˼ݣǧһľ˳ݸ˵ЩݣʹϹʱڣҲǼ亱Ķ˵ݴ½ҲǺܱĶ
˴ʦǸˣҲǰ˵ٻΪ֪˵Ҳͽ޹ҪĶ
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ϴݣ䣡
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ͻ岻Ѿܾˣǧ¾ˣȻҪ֣ǧ¾ǸӣҪ֣ȻȥǰЩĳ϶֣ɱϣԼҲɣڵѾѵļ
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ס죡ǧǰŮǣһҵѹǣڻ𣿡
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£Ǳҵģ
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ҪΪУһ̤ҵʬǣ
ǧЦң˴ʦҲɻΪʲôԽԽ͵˰ɣ
ɭһֱڳֵĸ߼ޣ˶˵޽Ҫͻ磬ᵽݴ½ϧݴ½ݴ½ĴѾжˣҲûһʥŮȥӡͨ
ҷڣ޽ʱҲΪԣǺ£
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ᣬΪˣǧվŹ񣬡˽ˣҷȻǲܻŴַ߳ģ
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ǰǧû˵
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ãǧ˵ҴӦ㣡
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402 

Ӧˬ죬ǧϢȥʱǧ¾ߵŮȴը˹
ʲôһٸݣΪ𣿡
ǲ̫ʨӴ󿪿ˣǶôණˣ
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ǶԹк⣬ǧ¾˶ǹĴǹǧ¾ȥ׽٣ǧ¾Ҳ£ᱻ˰㡣
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˵𣿡ǧ˵˵ˣ͸˵ˣ
ʹǷƵҩƷҩĴҲ࣡Ľⶾټݴ½мʦұ֤ԼһٸܳʮżƷҩأ
鵤ļ϶֤
֪ʲôһжǹĴǱǣǷƹȡǰշļƻǻַڣ
ᷴⲢûʲô
˴ǧĻ⻰ʲô˼ֱ𣿡
ǣǾ÷𣿡
ǧЦǾأҪǣѵǲ֪ûɱ˷ѾʴˣȻʱҲڶɽ٣Ҳûйɱ
޵ңҷ㡭
ֻҪܾȷϣļסһ㣬ֻйܾȡ
ͺĹϵһֱܣʵںܶ˶΢һЩֻǹͺ粢뱻֪ԴҶûнƣ˭Ҳ֪߸ϵĹʦΪʲô˵ع˽ѾڴԣγҪյͽܣ¾ǹˣ
Ϣû˾ʲôĵط̫ˣ۵ĿʷϵҲ㣬ѡһͽܣûʲôĵط
ȻҲ˵ͺ֮Ĺϵ
λָò󣬲˶ùòȥúע
ǧɲԸȥͺĹϵΪʲôϵǴ˵ġ
ԽԹİҲ
ԸվڹôͲǸڵôˣиں磬սĳǸ̫ࡣ
ֻҪͷôҲٶǧ¾ʲô
ǧıˣ
ǼסҵĻҪúõĻţҺ͹ǰ˵˵İ䲻ǣǧ˵ұǶûа취˾ҪͷҴӲԸ÷ȥðգ
ҵûʲôȷҪֻҪܺúõĻţҪҵҲǺںģ
ǧ˵վݣһ취ȥ׼ҽպ˵ЩҪ׼ݣھǣ
ǲҵĻʹǣҲ뿪ģ
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ϲǧ¾ǧ٣ֻǲǧһǧ¾һ𳤴ˡ
ǧ¾ȻãҲĳǧ¾ǧҪġ
ǧǧ¾ʹǧģҲ϶
㣬û˼һģҳɣ
ҲǣȻϣõģôأ֪ǵġ
Զԡ
ŮǷ׷վǧõԼҪĴ𰸺󣬲Żһ
вǣĲǧ¾¡Ǹ令̵ˣЩǶԸ˹ȥԸߵˣô˹ۡ
ռҾǸܺõĽѵ
ò˵Щǧ¾ȷǺܶĺöǻóԼ˽ȥݣʱ䣬ǧݡ
ǡһգҲеӡ
ǧԼֱӴǧȥֳ
ǧԸԼߵĸЩδܡ
ǧǧ¾߶꣬Ȼ˺ܶ棬ɽڿоٰʱȴɱĳ澪Ŀɿڴ
ҪⱾ𣿶ڰֵŮӣӦιˡ
ó֣һֵǧԪʯ
ԸȻԸ࣬Ҳˣ
ǧڹߣųڷŵĻݣٿÿϰڷŵͻȻΪʲô˵Ĺˣ
һļ۸ֵʮϵԪʯĲ
ǧ˰ңص¥ΧվŵˣΪҲǽڵ档
ǧº󣬱Թ˵Ҫлл˴ʦˣҽǻĵطأ

403 

ǧ˵ֻǿ׵ĺ˼䡣
ǧȷǸˣҲϲǧ򽻵
ǧĿȲ˶Զռҵò˶о֮ģҲȫˡ
ûˣʮ߹һĥʮ߹̫ˣӦˡ
ǧᣬʵҲܻҵĽӽ
žĸžĳ𣬹Ȼǵá̰Ҫѩ𣬶ѩУȻٺͻҵߵ̫
ʮ߹͹ʾã˵Ҫ͹һᣬ˽ȴԹ
Щ˸߸ϵ̫ˣѾǱ˾ܾĸоˡ
ǧ²ú˾ͽͨʮ߹˵㣡
ô֪˿ߵŮ˭ģ
ŮҲû뵽Ȼ˵ԼҲ￩һ£ū澣
ʲô֣ûпڣǧ˵ˣûǴ˵ݱй¶ʲôλӣ
еˣⰵźҲǸģȻĴ
룬̫˰ɣ
ǧ˵ЩʱûðѹĻȴʮֵŮһʱЩȷ˺ܶ꣬ΪóԹɫߵ˽յλӡ
վĹڷչҵķֻȴܲҲҪĹĻҺܶ档Ůʶڣʮ߹Ǹ߸ϵġ
ʮ߹ǻҵĵչǰʮ߹£׼û
ΪŮѹ֪εĻǹ֪ǧ֪ǧֱӰ˵Щ
ŮĴŮڵϣǧʦū澰ɣ
Ĳ㣬˵㣬ǹ˴ʦǸʴȵģԽԽ޼ɵģ֣̌˽Ѿͷȥɣѷŷ߹µģ֪ô
ǧȷȥεᣬҲ֪޵ǲ׾ٵ˳֣ǴŮ
Ůű˴ȥʱǧԹ˵˵ʦǺƢ
΢΢һЦô˵
ңҵҪﲻ١Ϊ˴֣ȴһֱšǧԹ˵ǹֵʴȣһֱôߵģ
˵ЩҪ𣬾͵õһĳ̶ȣ
˽ҲӲʴȣ
ǧ˵ǷΪҰǣΪ˰գ
ȷһ㣬һǣȷΪµ顣ҸΪԼҲһΧȫ޵뿴ѪɫȾеľɫ
ǧŹվû˵ʲô
ʮ߹ûмΪǧֱӷųȥҪ͹飬š
ôʮ߹Ǹˡ
ʱ߹ϢȴЦСʮߵӻΪǻҵĹ˶ҪռҵĽѵȴΪҶôС˹
ֻЩҪˣȻ˭סأ
ռһŵˣһǸڹߵ棬һһֱվڹߵվүгһգҺ͹ìܣϣջΪһվү
߹ߵİ˵̫ˣôǡ
ɱ㣬һһſھ˵߹ûٶͣе˶ΪǸӣһ˽Ʊ˵ռһ£ʵ͹ûʲôϵЩ˵˵ȥǲϹ
߹һڶ壬ΪһĴ
ʱΧĵƹⰵ
㴩һɫĳȹԶ̨ϣ߹ǵǵһοˣͬĳʱ㶼ǲһ̬֡
ĵսľųȡ
仯ΪվŹ
ûв´ĻϵǹԻͼִֽһһɴ·ֹÿǵԪӤĹıݴ½ûм
ǼãԪʯҵϣ㲻עⶼˡ
ܸлҰæ֮гʱμᣡЦĴݣһžᣬдҪĶҴлӭңϣᣬҶԼҪĶ
һóһСľУҪĵһƷԶһһʯ
ǧɫʱͱˡ
һ𣿾ȻһʯⲻǴӲ޵ߵĶ

404 ֹ

Ҳǧ˵ľ֣һʯһ弫صı
ʵһŵһһʯһʯҪһĳȳģ˵ҲСС
һĶںǣһһֱ⣬һʯʹϹʱڣҲѼóġ
һ˸棬ʵǿڹϣҲһϢһվеĺˡ
ֹǧɫ䣬ŵ޵ǣҲħˣ
ͼһϵԪʯڴҿԳˣ
һʮ򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
ٰʮ򡭡
ΧﲻĺۣݷõĲϵԪʯǵ͵ȵԪʯһ
ǧߣź۵Ⱥȴ΢΢Ŀû˵
һóΪһԤе޵Ķǵһʯֻһ˵ΪǻԪʯôںܶ˵ΪֻûرŵˣιŻʯһСȥһһԹΣһҲвٵĺøУ˲ٵĵҩóһʯʱʵŸ
еһţСˡ
СȻǻ̬ɱϾǷˣԡ͹ǩԼӴԺǹޡ
ΪСǩԼСҲѡ˸
ϧСһʯԹŻó
һ߸ϰˣҪҲ֪οڣ֪˵ʲôԱøϣһԪʯݺ͵ҩ͵һȥ
һͷĹϵͲάֵĸá
ϾǺһʯڻϵ޵мãԼ۸ֱǧ
룬۸ӦҲʱڹߵǧڿˣǧ򣡡
ǧ¾ϵҲˣõһʯôǧ¾Ǻ¡
ǧȷвٵԪʯǧóҲ׵Ϳˡ
Ϊǧ¾ȻԸġ
ǧˣбǧߵ𣿡վ̨ϣŰļ۸Ҳ΢΢ԾϾսԼʹЩҲû˵ûУҾҪˣ
ΧǧҲվ˵ʲôˣ
һʯãôԪʯʹͿĹ⣬ҪճҲѰ
ɲǣ֪ôöҾ͸ĴԪʯˣ
ұΪϴݾͺܺˣ˭֪һʯأ
ежٱﰡ
´еᣬһҪⶫҲ̫ˣ

Χ۷׷ףҲûг۱ǧߵģǧ˳һʯ
ųǧˣһϡѹǧ˵룬ûеõǻȥ飡
ȥʱһĽϻȥ
ĽҵĳϣҲһλϳڵˡ
֣Ȼ˵ʲô
ǧû뵽˵׿Ȼһڵ˻Լл
ЦЦȴû˵ʲô
ǧһʯΪǧ¾ϵ룬СϹʱڵĶһ嶪ʧĺӡһʯ͸ӣҲһ˼̳С
һԣȷĺϢ
ǧʵҲڰһ塣
һǷĶԽ࣬һŻĻ
ҿ϶δôǽĵĵڶһĶȪˮ
㻰һ䣬ֿʼ
һĹȪˮǿĶֻҪһΣҩĿܶ࣬ȻһʯҲǼĶ
ΪһӵĹȪˮԵȱȱǧҧԡ
ϵĶܺá
ΪǰμӹѾǼˣ㱨Ķǧһпࡣ
ⳡеĵλҪԽ鵤ˡ
̫֧ˣҲֹ֧֣аҡɮȵȴͺ޵ǣվе
˵վе󣬲˵վڹֻй
ǧ޵ǲͣ޵ǵ̰度£ҰѪ޵˲
ǹĳ֣ĽӲǧŵĹȴ̲ס
ӽСɾôһССװȴݴ½顣
ڹֹֻ

405 

һʱ󣬲˶δ
ϴݳʱ޵ǵڷʲô£˾޴Ķ
ڰ¥ȴûκζ
ǧ֪֣ΪЩãǹҪô˵ǰ
˶ΪЩϵĶõģȴЩǹѡҪġ
ǧԼ磬ķǧ¾ҪţͱҪ̹
ִǧȥԼסĵطһЩҩǧ
Щһ֣еҽƺٸ㣡ǧ˵˵һѾ˶ˡҪ޺
ǧ㵣ǣٵ̫ˣ
ݴ½ݴ½ֿʱһȥһؾؾݴ½˿˿ϵ
Ҳ˵ݺݵĴٽؾȥݴ½ˡ
ǧûи߹ǧ¾Ҳ볢ݺΪǧ¾֪ǳҪȥݴ½ģͿʼ׼ˡѾٻǧĴôݺã
֪ݵĴҲǰȾ˪߹ġ
ݴ½ͨݴ½ĴѾ׵ĻˣҪݴ½ݴ½Ĵ󣬾ͱȥݺݴ½Ǳߵֻ̡
Ҫôȥݴ½ȴһܴ⡣
Ψһİ취ݺݵĴؾ취ȥݴ½
еģ
ʵЩֹǧ¾оҪݺݵĴҲвٵ޵ߺҲоҲԹо󷨣ϹʱڵĶȾ˪Щͷֺۣοأ
峤ָӣҰɣǧ˵ǧҲ֪޺ڵĶˡ
ɭȻ֪Щ޵Ķôӵģ
ԽԽȥ޺Ҫ׵ľۼһһĳʵǳѼǧڿЩ󣬱֪Ҫˡ
ֹǧ˹죬˶Щ飬ҪӻһЩסڵ˰ȡ
˭ֻ̫أ
һ˵ġǧ֪ǧ¾ƢҪǧ¾͹Ϊѣ̫ˡ
ǹǧ¾ǧ¾ҲᱻƳ
ǧûֱӴӦǺ͹˵Լת档
ڴֶԣĵȷȲٵ˶Զ
ǧҹĽҵ˻±뿪ˡ
˴ʦʮ߹ÿһգͨʮ߹Ҫ
ľÿһûпȥʮ߹
˵ҪȥݵĻԲ˵˵ѣȷȥݿʲôĵطòٵ޶ޱȵ
ҪȻųٹ飬Ҫ˼ĵҩݴ½Ȼǲа˼ĵʦֵģȥݴ½
ʱ䣬̫ˡ
Ҫ޸ٵĴԣ¡
Խ͵ͼֽ˺ܶΣѾܾûϢˡ
ͨ˼ڣת뿪
ԽպͼֽϢ
Խɻ󣬱㿪ڽͣңϲǵĺȣһǵõɽµаλ޺ݵؾݵ˿ʼɵݵôԸ´ͨأǱ㳹׵ĻݵĴ󣡡
Ѿôȥˣ֪Щ޺Щ˴ڣ
ԽͳʦҲȺ
ؾڵˣɽµĿɮЩ˲Ը⿴ݴ½˽Ҫݴ½˳׵ʧŻóȻؾ
Ϣ֪ôй¶ȥģЩɮؾڱ׷ɱ˵˻
Ҫ뿪Ҳ뿪ݴ½Ǳߵĳڻǣݴ½ߵĴȴˡ
ЩȺɮ档
ԽǸˣλվڹߣΪҪݵĴ
Խɽµķ̫Ȼնɽͣռܸɽ´ʱɵ˼ȴˡ
ͼֽ˼ӣԽ滭ͼʮֵĸȴֺܾϸ
ÿζǲôһЩܳ׵ϰơ
ȷǸˣ̶̼µʱ䣬Щ߰˰ˡԽţݺݵĴܴԼʦ
̾һСֶҲؾڣ
ûг׵ĻˣҲ֪Ƿ񻹻ţ
һżȴܸˡ˭֪ݴ½Ƿݵϸأ

406 Ժ

Խϣݺô󣬿ɻȴһҪùиĹϵ
ʮ߹ĵ׸Ҫ֣ҲҪʮ߹һÿնݷˡ
ʮ߹ԹǲмģӹˣϣԼĸʲôϵ˽»˲ٺÿȥߡ
ȻЩ඼ˣ
ʮ߹ĲԣְǻҵˣЩ޿κΣֱŵʱ̲סƿڴ
Ϊ壬ȴ֪ܼ֣˵Ѿףˣţô£
ǲǾƢ̫ˣһ۵ͷˣ
Ĳϲڻҵһûĵġ
޵߽ʵһֱʵʲôŮеܳɹҲΪʮֵĳɹٵĸֱֶͶΪа£ΪľǵһʱõϢǵĶҲ鵤еˣٶж֡
ҸǻӭȥǱ߶࿪̣ΪΨǲܺ棬õһϢ
˭̫أ
кߣ˽ҹϱԹǵõĶƮƮһ䣬˵ǲ͡
˶ףȻû˵վ飬ѾǴҲԶĴˡԹƫģʵ׾ܿˣҴδǹȴںڿԴϼ죬ÿպ绹԰æɢ٣ò˶㵣߸ϵĹʦȻҲʴȵһ档˾þȵǣȺͨԽԹ̬ҲʮֵĹ԰ȥݡ
ʦڵˣ̫ˡ
ײȾͼȥ˹ʦǰհײȾ͵Ϯ˺صˣܼڹʦˣȻû߰ײȾϵλӣȴҲųϢ˵ǹʦֻˡ
ͼȰײȾȿƣ̼ǵõԼվڸߴָŹռ׷Ķصڰĺӣֻգ۾Ѿ׿˺ܳ·ˡ
鵤ͼܴѹ˵ͼ˵úе顣
ͼȴ޿κΣ˵Ȱк鵤ˣ涼
̤ڵʹܽȥڵڻиԽأ
֮ͼʲôҲڰ¡ΪĿ˰ײȾƣԽֱʣ
ô鵤ǳ׵ļǺϹˣ˽¸ǷųҲҩ͹õˡ
屾պһɴֱӶ˺ǵһĺ⡣
ȻԸ⿴ľ棬ǵĵҩĿȻ࣬ȴҲһЩ˺⣬ҲûʲôļƣҲǺ׬ͷ
֪󣬱˹ҵա
½̫̫ҲΪ¹Ժĳϣ֮¹ԺĵҩһС
ҲǺֱüʦ׭ʦʦʦȥ¹Ժæ̿Ρ
Ϣһжˣ
ЩĿɶǹڵĸ֣ԸͽܣһʱԺ˻йڲڵˣŹȥ
¹ԺΪ˻ڱɽǿ˷ԺĽԶҲܽЩѧ
Щѧӷڵǣϲɽ£ȻҲڱɽǵ¹ԺķԺ˳ϵšԽ˵ǰ˵ԼÿյĻһȥѧԺڿΡ
ֻһ꣬¹Ժĵʦˡ
᰿ɽѧ½̫̫̾Ҳ̫ˣ
ֻһЩֵˣþȣЩѧıµģҷۿȥǻǶĵʦļҲС
ǰ½̫̫Ҳ̾һ䡣
һΣôҲû뵽ͶԼСȻ˵ǿվˡ
Ҫǣ¼ҵԶףǺ޲ȥ
ȻȥǺӻǺͺӣܺá
иСӲԶ˹סĴȣСù˵С̣ôûأ
СѾͷʱ򣬱㿴С̸ùʲôʱƭ㣿
ùãСϲùϵζ㣬ҲδȹÿˣС̺㣡
źӣȴЦĺܿġ
ջ¹Ժʵ½̫̫ǵģ¹Ժɽޡ

407 ڿ

¹Ժ¹¹ֻˣȻǰս
ϾޣȻȲϰߣȴҲ߼µǿ̫ࡣ
Ⱦ˪ʶֻ¹ġ
¹ʱͰȾ˪һһӣŸ뿪Ⱦ˪ˡ
⵹ΪȾ˪¹ΪԼһЩʲô¹Ժĺɽӡĵǲߺ
ߺûг׵ҵ԰Ⱦ˪Ҳûлָ꣬Ƿӡ⿪ôȾ˪ܰ١
Թʹ޸ô󣬿ǽȥ֮ҪݺȴҲصģ˭Ҳ֪ؾڲŶٵΣգҪȾ˪Լ
ֻǹϢСй¶ĸɸɾԵҹѹûʱȥɽǱԺĵӰΧסˣЩ˻ܾЩҲõָ㣬ЩֻվԶ¹մĺˡ
߱ΧˮйͨĽԨ޴Ҳòȥ
ѧԺ֪ĽԨ޴Ϊ弶ʦҲ׵ķˣĽԨ޴ʦׯԼһͽܡĽԨ޴ȻǱѹûʲôħҪǽޣսʮֵĳݡЩ˲ϲ䣬ϲоνʤ׷ĽԨ޴⣬ĽԨ޴ͲʲôƢҲʮֵ壬ȴסЩ̫ˡ
ׯ֪ĽԨ޴ӣòԳæĽԨ޴סһЩȺȴҲֻܼĽԨ޴һЩ鷳
ĽԨ޴Ǻٲ˽ҲһܵĿγֻ̣ǿγ̵ˣһΪ¹Ժ£Ȼ̣սˣֻҪܽԼ˭أ
ս޵ߣѾԼһѷĽУԼ˭ϣһġ
ҸŹҲδزãܸǺܺõԺԹĽԨ޴˵ʱҲվǿЦˡ
ùȵǣĽҵ˶ѧϰǱ֤ԸΪ¹Ժ񣬻õĽڵͬ⡣
ݰ˵ҪŰ˷ֵģ˷ֵķᵼµҩʧܣ˷ֵķҩЧֲ˵ʵİ취Ƿ߷֣Ϊ߷ֵʸߣҪҩЧ㹻ľˮˮƵλ
ЩƵҩؾʧܶκҵţһ̵¯ĵҩɵɫҲʮֵƯ
ǼƷĵҩʡ
Ȼˣܿ˻ش
˭Ҳû뵽ðյϵİ취ͶȡҲƳƷĵҩò˵۽󿪣һʱп
Ҫ֪ͶȡʮѵģΪ΢ע⣬Ƶҩݱ᳹׵ıϣԻϺٻ˸ȥİ취ȡɡǹֹˣһʮֳɹ⵼²˵˼Ծԡ
ǰʹǵҩϼصĶףǶвٵɻ󣬿ǹ˵һκǱ㳹׵ˡ
ЩҲˣΪʲôڵ˶޲ܵе¹Ժļȷ̫˲һ
ϧֻʮĿγ̣Ƚ֮Ҫݵıչء
Ժܶ˶źΪÿ˶ȥǩԼǺҪ¹ԺǩԼʱԺѾԸǩ̫ˣҲڿγˡ
ĽԨ޴γ̵ˣʮֵĿ죬òҧгݡ
տΧȺվ̲ס̾һ̫ˣѾˣΪʲôҪߣ̫鷳ˣ
ЦХԺѹûʲô˹ȥʹ˹ȥҲܲûʲôǱǲ֪ĽԺյ˶ѧҸʮֵİμ⣡
˭֪ҽԽ˱սǸԺԸһЩأ
ڸ޶ҲҲŲԸô¹Ժأ죬㶼֪СѾͷûˣ
Σʦڣǻܸ˰ɣ
¹ԺΪеһԺұȹںܶԺҪɫӦúܰˣ
ȴˡ
治ڴţ˵¹Ժɽ£ӡźĶܹŹֵĶϧȴţ˵Ĵţôųȥģ
⴫һֱףģյǺֱӵ˵ųȥϢˣǼϸҪץǼ򵥵ģ֮ûֹϢųȥ޷ϣף¹Ժƭˣ
պͽﶼ֪¹Ժɽȷӡ˶¹ԺڼȾ˪ʱȴǸһԼ޴Դ˲Ⱦ˪
ˣȾ˪ǰ¹վ̾һ

408 ʦ

¹ԺӡģǰȾ˪ӡ
ߺֱӡԴѵڵ¹֮һֱ¹Ժû뿪ҲȾ˪ӡ
ʵЩ¹¹ԺļԺʮֵĲ⡣
ϲҲϲźΧΪ޵ߵϣЩԶԼ
Ϊ¹ԺԺڵ֪ȴ޵ߺѧźϣѧǵֲ
¹ΪޣԼȻԸֲ뿪𽥵СԼķΧ
ķΧСôյ¾͸ˡ
Ҳ¹ϡ
һеĸı䣬Ϊˡ
Ƴܸǵĵҩǲһ󷨣յ㹻ٶ޵вңڵ飬ǳʣȻǸ˵ӣҲʮֵŮȴʮֵжеһԺóеΣΪΪǿ󣬻ƴĽ¹ԣһжڱá
룬Լߺꡣ
Ҫߺѣ¹͹ͨĵģ˵ʲô֪ġ
Ҫﲼһ߼󷨣ݴ½Ψһ߼ʦε˵μǼΰ
𣿡¹ʡ
ͷΰĹĻҲЩӲ̤Ĺأ֮ǰϳ壬Ҳû˿Ķ֪ģʦõ߼죬кܶİˡ
嶼ΰĶôٻжΰŲˡ
Ǹô죿¹üû߼󷨣ô޴Ĳ¹ԺǻٵѧҪ¾޺Ǳߣ
ʵѧԺѧҲǿóߺģǻܶѧһ޴֡
ˣǻѡ¹ҲãһЩѧν
Ϊ˴֣һЩСϣҲӦõġ
ҲûȨȥǵȥĬƬ̲ſڣһ취δʦģ
Ⱦ˪ЦЦ
ʵ飬պͽ֪Ҳùõߺ洦ģԸȥȡյİȡ
ֹԸ⣬¹ԺĲٳϣҲԸȥȱġ
Ͼΰͻҵľף׷ݵܾǰ
ΰİŮӵҪľ֭ҪαܻĹĻȴϣΰͶĹҪΰδĹĻҷ˿̵ҪΰȻǴӦˣȻĹĻȴʧԼˣǾõʱΰվǱȲľ֭ҪΰİŮԼǰ֮ΰʧˡ
ΰٴγֵʱμҪȫն׵ʱΰȦȳμҵˣò󷨵˷ɶ
ʱΰѾʦˣǰںĹĹʦΰҪɱĹĻҵˡ
ΰûж֣ЩȴҲڰжԸĹĻңһɹĴĹĻҵһ
Ĺҵΰô붼ûа취ǡ
ΰûʲôãΨһİþϲɡ˺ܾòź͹˵˵ɡܲػǣ
ɡ
֣ҵĿռָʵһµĹɡ
԰ɣźΰСµʱ䣬ΰԳ˹ǰ
ֹ涼ΰĳ֣綼û뵽ΰĻٴ̤Ĺ
ֻǹɡȷֵΰһˣǹΰֻҪлǵˣδز
еĻģΰ΢΢Ŀð
ûбĹĹɡܻסǵˣǰΰ򶨵˵ѪҺݣټһȪҺǿһ˸ģ
СضǸƵŮӣԸᣬȻøˣȻϲֹֻжܸ취ãӸʺ
ʵ취ѾϹʱڵĶˡ
ѪҺݺ˵ĻڵȻһĹȪڣһ˱Ӥһһż䡣
ֻǣֹǷѪҺңΪѪҺҪʵģǷԸģһټҲôĳ¡
ܰﰢȻ㲼󡣡ΰŹ˵Ұǰ㣬ҺĹҵĳޣȴǲһʹģ
ɱ֮ҴԲǣ
ΰòЩϣȴʮֵļ
ͷȻ

409 

ʵνĻȻǲϣΰĹģ˽û˵ĹҺ͹Ĳǡ
ΰƶΰ˵ʲôӣҲȻʲôСˣ
ЩĴ£ʵҲŹ˵Ҳ밢㣬ĻǱȴǰˣǳȥʱܻأ
ܺǺҲΪĹϵûȥĹԲ֪һˣڼʱֹԲװģ
˵ЩΪãȻй˵ı£
øȥԭһϣ͹Ƿǵ飬ʲôʣҲμң
Ҫһ㡣
磬밢ˣ
ΰƵĽ飬ͼĳһҹ󣬱Ĺڡ
ûΰΪѣҹҲΰĹҵ飬ĹĻҾʧȥĹ޵ǵģĹĻľͻˣ˽£Ҳ͹˵ǿ˳ۣͿԻһֱλӵġ
лΰõԼҪĻش󣬱͹ȥ˺ɽ
ΰȻˣΰ¹ԺһҪ߼ʦʦϣټϰȾ˪ָӺ͵㲦󷨲õҲǼ˳
ݴ½Ψ¹ԺϿգһ߼ڵ󷨡
󷨿ɹأҪһܱԲǧ޵ߣֻҪĲٵԪʯΪҲ޵ڵ
˵˴ʦó󷨣һȻˣΰԼúȻҲܸˣΪʦȻҪó󷨣ΰһˣȻò󷨣ΰΪʦ鲻㴫ԵģǺ͹̸ŷ֣ܶ뷨ʵ̫ţǼˣ
ȻûиΰǰȾ˪ָ
Ⱦ˪յİ˼ڵʦνľżͲôһľ룬аȾ˪ָ벻ҲѶȵġ
Ϊ˲ٵó˼öҩΰΰ
ΰŹݹĶ΢΢һ߼ĵҩ
ţ߼ļԪΰ˵ԪĵܲԪѡĵҩ
ǰ˺ܶ൤ҩԼܵĵҩ˹ÿǷ˹ӣϣպһҵžԲŻ˵Ķ࣡
ĺ۹ֻҪڣʲô
ƫƫĹҲǵʦĵҩԼҲƣԺֻ߼ĵҩù΢һЩ
ΰĵҩԼ˵Ļòõ۹ⳤԶ
ĹĻҶδܴӺõ߼ĵҩɹȴܴӺõЩΰԵȷǸϢϾǸĮˣ˭ǸӣżѾϡˣȻ߼ĵҩ
߼ĵҩôأһƳ߼ҩҲָ
ȴ˹
ΰ룬ضǸ˹ܶĵҩȻҲóˡ
ΰĲȷû˲ٵĵҩ߼ĵҩΰҹóߺж˳
ɫʱΰ͹Ѿ׼ʱĵɽɽ¹Ժϣڲͬۿʼѹߺ
Ⱦ˪ʧȥӵĿƣѾԹޣʹǰȾ˪ԼҪԼӣҲҪѲٵԽҹĹضܡ
¹ӡʱһɺɫĹâֱɺֵģʵѪζ
İȾ˪ԩһΪ飬ȴ˸ʬ³ʹĹûԹȴʹˡ
ϹʱڵʥŮԹ֪
ΰϽصɽŵ۴ɽϱֻй¹
Ⱦ˪˳ʼѹԹΪҲԹ޻ڣ
һΣȾ˪ɻᱣ飬ʹʬʹҲˣ
ϧȾ˪Ļ̫ˣѹƲסԼ壬Ź˵Ҫϣ
Ȼһˣһֻ޴ķ˶ʱɽɽϣʹŽ磬Ժѧȴɷ˷˵Ӱӡ
Ϲ𣿡˵ϢӦϹŵɣ
ǣϹŵһֻŵβ
⣬ۻ¹ԺȻһֻջǱסıﶼչʾ

410 

ɷԻά̫ãÿһλԪˡ
԰Ⱦ˪ץסḽڹϣùӺʼߺ𽥵ͷųԼӣȻһν
˫ֺӿʼغͣڻָԼյģҲӺ˫غϵĹԼͷ­λӡ
ѹħԹǰȾ˪óģ˼һƽ
ϵԹʧ󣬰Ⱦ˪һ˳˯ҲΪԪѷһλָԼεӡ
ߺ
Ⱦ˪ŸڹϣҲ˫ֺӣ͹Ӻ˫غϣϹŹʥŮӣѾʼ͹ںˡ
ǿùõйҲ𽥳ֵζ
ҵʱ򣬹Ѿ˯ˡ
ǴǰȫԱģȴԵޱȵĳأòҶܴɽ
ҶޣΪйæɢѾ˽𵤺ڡٹһЩӣҶܱߵԪӤˡ
ҶܶԣȻǸмģԱܸ˵ĽĲ£Źɽˡ
סĵطɽɽõĶʹߺˣΪΰµ󷨣Ҳû˿ļ١
һҹĲãӵںϲף˭뻥ɣ;Ⱦ˪𾪵ĿǰһĻſʼѹԼӣùɱԼӡȾ˪֪ԼѾˣʹ˹ӣҲǸǲĸõǹԼӣٶȻ졣
ĽԨ޴ڹĶ⣬й
ϧʹҶѹйȴԺ䶯
ҶΪ¹Ժݴ½Ψһһȥﵽϧʱɽɽκȥû֪ܵõϢ
˶ΧŽԪҪӽԪ֪Ϣ
ԪΪйİæҲߵ˽ڣ˶޲øһˣϴδһ𵤵ĳϣԪȴˡֻǽԪӵЩ˾ܴӽԪõõϢ
ϧǽԪǽˣԲԺİ䲻ǣ
ԺˣڴʱԵʮֵԺˣǲ֪˴ʦԺΨһСʦãȴǴʦˣ
϶֪飬ֻǲԸ˵Ȼ¹Ժ𣿡
ټݴ½ǸԺ󰡣¹Ժ˵ݴ½һԺˣ
⻰˵ĿţȴûȥΪܺ¹ԺģԺ
ϧ͵ܶҲϲõ˵Щ˲ٵı˭Ҳ֪ж١
ҲһλڵʦûгΪ߼ʦȴû˸˵϶
ѾҪˣҸע¹Ժû
ʱڡ
˵ȷϢģ
Ȼģҷ¹Ժ⺢˵ǿˣش𣬡ôǲǴʵȥݴ½ˣ
ȻǿԵģ
ѪҺܴصͨͨ϶ݴ½λӣ
ɱôˣȥݴ½ˣ
˵üˣϧɱҪֵģǳе𣿡
ЦĴ
ɱֲҪǶ֣ĴڣҪɱôҪǶ֣ҪľǣϢ׵ķųȥ
вҹ鷳ûǴСѾͷվŵı¹Ժôк͹ڶ룬ɱ
գԼ϶Ҫģǽȴûа㲻ˣǺܴϻۡ
ǵȷԽ赶ɱˡ
֮ԻѡһҲ뵽иԶĿꡣ
Ҫȥݴ½
ݴ½Ǻܶ飬Ψݴ½޵ȥĵط
Щ˵ǲϲ˽ȴû̽ӺϸǱÿҺǰռңҲˡ
ǧ¾ǰˣ˵£Ҫֱ뿪ĵ̡
ǧ¾뿪ԣȷʧȥ˲ٵȴҲܸıҪ顣
ǵĿܼ򵥡
ݴ½Ҫȥĵط
尵еĲٿ£¹Ժ飬ڶ̶ڣ㳹׵Ĵݴ½ÿط

411 չ

˶֪ݴ½ݴ½֮ԻᱻֿҲΪ޺޵Ϊݴ½ʺˡ
˵ʵһЩݴ½޵ߺޣǱġ
Ƿ壬ǸǺų֮ס
ԡ
֪޵Ҫɱ֤ԼǿҲҪ
ÿ˵˼һĿĶһģҪȷǷڡ
ֻڶ̶һڣĹ˲ٵЩڰֱڻЩеɢÿңҪĹҲǷǳɵ顣
ѾҪںӣʱѡ˱չأΧ齻ĽԨ޴ȥ
ĹĻɺͿΪ͸ùԹԵĺͻ˳ףչ˺ܾүԪ˵ǰںܾ֮ǰүΪȻԪӤȴѾ弶ʦˣ˵ôһЩ룡
үһδʲô֪ǻҵˣ߸òҲʮֵĳڣȴʮֳ
غ󣬻Ҳ֪ʲô취Ȱͬ͹¡
ƺĽԨ޴һѹĽԨ޴Ƿͬ˵ĽԨ޴ʮֵᷳ
ĽԨ޴öĵǣҲֹȥӽʮ߹ӹһչأʮ߹û취ȥɧŹ㿪ʼɧĽԨ޴
ȻûвĽԨ޴ʮ߹£ȴڱɽԷԸһӣ˵ⶴ͸ˡ
ûע⵽
ȷһĶֻǿʱƶģ뺫óضǸ˹ǵĲ²ȷûȷ˹ΰź磬ڶ˲ٵķ͹󷨣˭Ҳû뵽Ĺ͵ΰȻͺߵһ
ҲΰˣӸʵҲǳĴҪĵҩҲֻĳ
һȻĻǼľڣȴΰ̤룬һԹģȴˡ
ΪһĳԳ棬ΰȻԸðǰȥȴֻ
˽£һҲΰ˵Ȱ󣬲ȷܺʹǰһϣ֮ΰܺúõչ˺ðһҪ㹻
һٶ˺ɫǻΰһжԴڹΰҲԼ˵ûȷվŲٵڰ޷Ҳϣܺ͹ǣʱǰʲô飬Ҳһ֣
ĲܹʮߣԽԺ˵ĽԨ޴ˣ
ܣԽ˵ģ˭ߣҾСҲ䲻ҼҺӣԡ
ԽԿЦʵСźܴһˣϣһ㼴֪ͨģԸȴǺ¶
¹µվţĽԨ޴ܺãΪڹСҲǺ£
Ҳ˵ͷ֪˼Խ׵ģҾôһŮȻϣĵġôҶȥô֪һиŮҡҶԲҲٴˣ
γغҺȥҾˣʱȾһҲžһģҲˣ
Խں߶꣬ܶҲδԽ
ʵĺܼ򵥣ʮ߹ƭĽԨ޴ôĽԨ޴Ҳڹߡ
ʱʮ߹סĽԨ޴·
ʹʦ˺ͻЩɱϺܶȴܷߣ粻Ը֣ԴҲȥˡ
ĽΪʲôҪңʮ߹鶯գգۿĽԨ޴һֱһ¯ܲܽ̽ң
ȻĽ׽ҵģҸĽ׼
㿴ʮ߹óһľдľ֦
ĽԨ޴ѹûʮ߹뿪ʮ߹ЩˣĽ磬ôˣ
أĽԨ޴ߵĮ޵߲ŮֻֿԽӽĺͲԽӽģǰʮ߹ԣǸҪİˡ
ĽԨ޴γ֪Ϊʮ߹ôܻ῿أǺ޲
͹۵ʮ߹һҲݲŮӣĽԨ޴ѹʮ߹ᡣ
ңһ𰡣ʮ߹֪ĽԨ޴Щľګֱӵ˵Ȼ˴ʦδر̫࣬ҵģ

412 ʾ

ʮ߹ĽԨ޴ʮֵϣǻҵĵչҳʱΧתҴδҸע˭ʲô
Ϊ׷ңҲ޲ÿ춼߶Ǹ飬ΪʱǸ֤һеģ
˴ʦǲϲģȻΪʲôôȥˣҲأ
Ľ磬Ը޸㣬ףҲԸӣ
ʮ߹еֺһĽԨ޴㱧˹ȥĽԨ޴һ㣬˸գĺ˵ϣϺõľ֦Ҳ
˵һΣأĽԨ޴ɫѿϲ˵Ĳǣʮ߹ǰ˵ʱĽԨ޴ֻʮ߹֡
ʮ߹Ҳû뵽ĽԨ޴Լ˵ĳԶ˿ĶΧ˱ľ֦ȴ뿴ôֵһĻ
޵ߵζֿȻ⵽ߡ
ǹһֱ㣬ĽԨ޴˵ݹ´ζ֣
ĽԨ޴ȷó˵в˶¶ıȴűĹâмסҺ飬㲻ۣ
˵ֵʸûУס𣿡
ʮ߹Ҳû뵽ĽԨ޴ȻҶԼ֪ٷ䣬ĽԨ޴Ҫˡ
ĽԨ޴ƺûҲûʲôǸûйֻġ
ҹҵĽԨ޴̸飬ٻĽԨ޴˵ػҲ֪ʲôϵδϣףٲúõľܾʮ߹ôֹᱻӰ죬Ҳᣡ
˻Ϊʮ߹б£δ򣬸Ϊû£
ϲ˵Ĳǣԣϣ㣡
ĽԨ޴ʱԣȷɱġ
ǹͺĹϵ٣ǹʦĽԨ޴ûжɱʮ߹ط
ҡ֪ˣʮ߹ڸλ꣬ʱвһ߿ţĽԨ޴˫޳üһ뿪
ʮ߹ȻǲĵģҹȥĹĻʺߣʺϧŮ㰵ĽԨ޴ȥöȥѵĽԨ޴
Ϊ֪ĽԨ޴ʵԻʺȥ˶Ǹ֡
ʺôҲû뵽ԪӤĽԨ޴ȻɱǲȥԪӤ棬ĽԨ޴ֵļݶ˲ֹʬ޴棬Ǳ׵ĴɢˣҲûͶĻᣡ
㵽ô£ʺĸּңЩּҴ͵Ҳϲ䵱ϣٻȥ£ںܶ˶ΪּңʵȲϰҺռҡ
ԪӤ棬ּҵڷ˻𣬶ʺǱʮ߹Ҳ˴ù
ҪȥĽԨ޴û֪ǱĽޣȻЩȥѵ֪ĹǸ𣿡ּҵȻˣûѹƣʲô鶼ĳģ
ǺͿͿ
ʺǲˣ
ּһûԪӤ棬ڲٵϼ嶼Ե⣬ԼûȥĽԨ޴̫ˣ
ĽԨ޴ڹ߶꣬вٵĺöȻҲħû˭Ҫö˽ҲҪɱĽԨ޴
ǺܶҲֻ룬ϾҪ֣ô򵥡
óսĽޣǱ˭Ҳ֪ʵ׶£
ңԼԥˣȻĿɾԼˣ
ĽԨ޴Ϊɱ˺صˣó˺ܶ൤ҩĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴˵ǽ
ĽԨ޴ĿʣʱѪɫȫޣ͸֧йķ͵ҩҲҪ棬Ӧòˣ
ʵҲᷳҵǶԹݣץᣬйĵԹޡ
ȻᣡܸĽԨ޴ó˰ɣ
ĽԨ޴ͷ⼸գ
̾һȥģ
Ҫ޸󷨵뷨һҲûиıģ̫׹ˡ
ǹ״ô㲻ǹˡ
ĲȷûغһǴźΰȥóԼڱչʱڻ滭ͼֽ˵а취ݺˣֻҪ˻
Ŀ޸ΰ߼ʦûа飬ȻҲùˡ
ԣͼֽݸΰƣ
ΰͼֽ˶𽥵ĿɿڴɫüĹ졣
ԽһǽţûʸȥͼֽȴҲ֪𰸡
֪ԼʦĿԻݴ½

413 ؼ

Ӽʹڱչأûзо޸󷨵飬һΪں˰Ⱦ˪ӵԵʣܶǲȥѯʰȾ˪֪һȻʡ
ùúǾȣǺܿ飬Ͷ޸档
Ⱦ˪һֱ˯ţʱ򣬹޸󷨵ͼֽѾ첹ȫˡ
⡭˵ԣ
ΰЦϵȴȫǾϲʦ̫ˣʲôлԣǾԿԵģ
ⰵƣδţ
ǶԹͼֽǳġ
ĸۣ鷳游Խʦˡ˵ֶĽԨ޴˵Ҫ࣬۽ǣ
мٿأ
ãͬĴӦ󣬱㰴ͼֽķվԼվĽϣʼ
վм䣬óԼ̣ԴСС˶͹ǩԼϵĻǱʵͷĹϵãϲԷҲδҪʲôֻأͦõġ
СС˴ϷһâڡΪ˵Ҫ޸⴫ɽµͰΧ
ɽµķɿԶСˣҲһ󼤶ؾڵ̫ˣһ˻ҲǺõġ
ɽȻںȨ͵λ޵û㹻Ϊ˵в͡ɽµĳʵ˸׼ǲԸ⿴ܿ࣬Żؾȥݴؾ֪ͨȥȴˣǱ߸ǲȥˣȥ˱·
ؾǧꡭÿնļ
ؾɲǺøû
̣һŷ׭Ϸɳȥʼ޸߸ǳǧǱҹеǳΧм䣬ҹ¡
ʱ𽥵ĹȥĽԨ޴֧𽥳ƣ飬ΰҲòȥǺһЩ
Ҳ㣬ЩΧˡ
ΰȺĴ󷽣޵ߵǼĶٻ˰Լ͸ˣΪԼãôأǺܿΰˣˣǺŮȻһֱδ˵ôһŮǼȻԸ֪ȻġҹͺƺһҲй¶˴˵ĹϵΰҲδ˵һ˵顣
ʮʱͻȻһܲƳֵĻһɫͨɫĹâ˴ɫͨˡ
Խ֪޸ˣ߳ˣۿȴˡ
ʦ֣ԽЩɳƣЩѷʦԽԽ
Ӵͨ߳ɮˣԽҲĿɿڴĳˣ
ԽԽ𣿡ɮߵԽߣʦֲΰɣ
ǵģԽǰɮˣΪҲˣ
ĿԻˣĿԻؼˣɮ˺Ǽǹڼֻѯʡ
ʦؾڻδ𣿴͵ֻͨάһСʱ֮ҪԪʯܼˣ
УɮҲʶ㣬Ͻ˵ȥǣ
ɮ˫ֺƣΧһɵʧ⴫ֳͨһȺˡ
Щһⶼɮˣڼ仹ż޵ߡ
ɽµҲϽˣΧ˺ܶ༤
ʦңС
ʦܣ㡭ڻˣ
ʦΪҲˡ
ѷԽҲȺ￴Լʦ˫ᣬԼʦͷʦͽТ
ԽʦǸ͵ˣĴȱĿҲᣬʹЩؾڹӲãȴûԹԽʦܸٴμ㣡
ֳĶ̫󣬶ɽµҲûҪϢͨ޸˵ϢѸٵĴˡ
ֻݵĴҪʹԪʯԲֹвٵɽµˣҲŲٵĿɮǵĿĶܼ򵥣Ҫ
ܿ죬Ϣʹ˻ڡ
ֻʺ󱻸ѵ̫ãֵʱԹôҲزסġ
Լ޵ڣĹŮ˽
˵ҵĻҶĹˣʵĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫ͹˴ʦ̸ؾ飬˵ĹûߵĴˣ˴ʦҲ̫ˣȻ޸ݵ󷨣

414 ̽

ɲǣ˵ҲвٵҪ޸ݵ󷨣׵ʧˣڹ˴ʦһ֣Ȼˣ
ֹ󷨺ͷ׭Ҳʮֵľͨǹ˴ʦûʲôȤ棬ҲһΪģ
᲻ҪҪĽԨ޴ˡ˵δؾڻѦϣ˵߼ڵʦóһĽԨ޴Ϊӣ
ѦϣȻţɽҪָ۷ʵˣҲ̫ˣ
ɲǣɽ¶Թ˴ʦʮֵĸм˵Խȥ˴ʦʦͬˣ

Ůǳڹźͼϰʱȴȫ˿ûе˼Ǻ޲վڹǰҪùָԼ
ֻʺҪɱСѾߣʱʮ߹˽ֻʺԹ
ֻʺûסǲˣȥסԱ
ʮ߹ôҲû뵽ԼʮֺƵĸףȻ˵Ļſֻʺ󣬡ĸôˣ
ʮߣСʮ߰
ֻʺĵļʺԹ޼Ҫ׵ıˣǺ޲ùǾŮǸԼҡҧгݵĿʮ߹Żָյӣĸ󷽲ħˣĸ
ʮ߹Ե˵ͷֻʺȴ˿ֲ

ʱĹȻ֪ڷ飬æŶˡ
ٵ̻ͻҵ˿ʼӽõؾͨ޸ú󣬿һδ˽ȥҪԼǽȥ٣Щ˲²ֻжʮ
ؾȻΣգؾͨݵĴ˭ȥݿԸһӶݴ½طдδ֪ĸҵ˹
ҲΪЩ˵ĳ֣ԭʦĲ٣ֻЩ˴±Ƚϵ͵ϲ¶˵ǰ
Խʦ飬عȴԽ裬ǵ̴㣬úõЪϢᣬһźߣϽ˵ЩԼͺã̫ɷˣ
ӦģԽĸмֹԽмɽڵˣܸмһι޸˴ɽʮ˶ˣȻЩؾڣܻôˣѾ漣ˡ
ɽµĿɮһģһЩҪ͵͵ȥݵ޵ǣЩ޵߸ǳڣһλǿ̤ˣǶ˹ĸܻŻġ
ʹﲻռڹߣҲ˵İ䲻ǡϾǵľˡ
ЩʱɽڣԽɵ˼ҪЩ˳ȥЩ˱ԣҪǣǱһʱ߰
ܻűĶˣҲû
Ҳؼ￴
㣬ʦʦܻʦǲܻŻˣԽԹ˵ؾǰͿʼħˣΧħڶ࣬޸ΪħϮΪ˹ʦ˵ǱѪζ̫أȻб˭Ҳߣ
ǿɮĴԿգѪȺħǵΪԣǾ޴ϰǲĵط
ڣˣ
ԽĸлԸһˮźɣҴǰҲźʦģĻ֣̿
ЩЦãǰԽѾ̤˳ڣʵ͹忪ɮĺܸߣΪ鲻Ϊȫ뷨ɾ߸ϵˣȴҪΪ˱һźԼߣùЩΡ
Щ治ԽʦңҴϢɽ°ɣ˵Ҳ֪ж㣬Ҳ̫ˣһˣ
Խͷ˵
ȥһؾڣ׼ȥݴ½ģҲ֪޵Ķǲݴ½ţҲһԿޣôʱݴ½ҲḲ𣡡̾һֻҲ˵ˣؾںΣգ˵ҴˣȥҲǳѣɽµĳǣûԸһˡֻȥ֮󣬻ļʾ͸СˣҲǿң
Խ׹˼ݴ½ٳһʵ̫ˣǴٴα٣ôĲٻˡ
˶ʹǿɮҲ⡣
ȥʣԽȻû˭Ӧ飬Ǹ֤ǹ˴ʦұ׾Ըһؾ

115 

Խ˵ĿУҲԹԡ
ȻԸԽԼȥؾȴûаΣյʱܻ˭ԹֱӿЦ˵ԽʦӦ֪ؾڶΣհɣûмǴĻɽεķӦû㣬ѾΪ޺ߵĳϣŴõǰ̣ؾɽ¶ʧҲ֪Խʦηݴ½飬һϣɽǱߵ˼
ûаգܴȫ˻
˵̹ϣԽ׹Ŀġ
˵ûаմЩ˻Ҳؾڡ
Խ֪ȥؾڣټݴ½ˣ͹ãΪȷб¡
ǹȴҪȥؾڣһֹΪԼһˣΪݴ½ˡ˽Աݴ½սңԼһȥݴ½ȴûз
ǿԵȵĵġ
֪ʲô֮ǰʦзԽ˵ңҲɲ
ֻõͷãҶлʦҵΣ
ԽҲ֪ȥڹԻʲôİ֣Ϊ׸ؾڵһжŹֵ쳣ɽ߹ˣ˵ؾʱüͷһħļ
Ϊ֪ؾڵ飬˲ٵĵ͵ɽ£綼˲ٵĵҩȥ
Ѿܾûп¯ˣΪɽߣѡ˱չƵҩ
ΪԽԭɽµҲ֪˹ĸݡ
ɽ飬˵Ƿ嵱µģӲ裬ΪĹϵԽҲɽ˳ԽʦҲŵ˹ʦڡ
ؾڶ꣬ΪʵΪؾڻ˸ϤؾڵĻȥõİ취Թ˵ʵγ˶ҪŹǰȥ۹ǵʵҲ˲٣Ժܲġ
Ҳ֪δǺãԱЦŽͣãҵ֪
ԽǴ飬кһȥһ޺
Ϣܹ죡˵ֹзϢϢ
壿ü˶ڱɽǣ
ԽһЩüۼºͣΪ֪˶ڱɽǣԺǲŨϢô£
ǵǱȥ˵꣬Χһ֣޺ȥ
һҲ
ʮֵĻ谵ΧƲʲôâĸйٺϢ˶Ժܿҵһλ
ˮвٵɫ㣬Щ㳤ļ죬һԼɢűɫĹâ߱ɫĹâڿ޺һ϶
϶ɫģһѪ
Ⱦ˪ڹԺ߹ͨ޽ͨƿļ󣡡
ӽңӹ·ӡ
šһԽ˵Ҫӹ̷ӡһ
Ȼ޺Ϊž϶Ҳܲʲˣǳǧĸ߼޹ôݴ½϶ǲģԺǼѸٵ޸󣬶һ̵ʶģˣȾ˪ռ˹ӡ
ֻǶ̶̵һ̣Щ졣
ĸоһˡ
ѹҷģʱİȾ˪Źʵ˳֣Ͼں壬˫ֽӡƽĺףһʧĸɸɾ
޺ϳһ󣬶ʯǶһ͸峺ϵĹâ޺棬Χޱ㿪ʼ޺˹
ϵΰĽԨ޴ȵ˿ʼЩ޷ͻ󷨣ϧЩǲҪһ޺Χһ󹥻ĽԨ޴üͷߵ˵ȥȥͻأ
ã濴ĽԨ޴ŽȺ˹ȥ
ĽԨ޴ӻָļ죬ʱĽԨ޴һϮߵȺԵüСĽƽƽ棬ʧȺ⽣ȴҲͻȻҲͻȻڿգһĽԨ޴һԾϣļޱֱӱ롣
ʹҲĽԨ޴ʵһֱ֪Ǽսģҽ޸ȴôҲû뵽ԪӤڵĽԨ޴˵
߹ĵط˪ڻӽʱЩסޣ㳹׵ѿƾʧƬһ
⡭ΰĽԨ޴ɿǰΣ̾˵һ䣬ǽ𣿡
ĽޣȻǸµĴڣ

416 ϶

ϹʱҲһλޣ˵λһ϶޽ݴ½Ӵ˷ֿ
ҲǴԣ˭Ҳ֪޽Ƿݴ½ϵһġ
ΰ£ҲΪ׵ĸˡ
ʵЩӰ͸ôһˣһĳϸΰð׵ıɵľ޵ߣðһĵסһЩӡ
Ϊΰģǻΰ˰
СˣİѾǵһЩΰ飬Цʮֿġ
ΰ֪һΪԸΪˡ
ΰ뿪ʱҲһ岼󷨣ֹ޵ĹΪ˲һĺøУЩøк͹һλӣֱ΢
ֻҪûж⣬ô֮ᰲȫ
ŰһԼΰ޲󷨵ٶȸˡ
Ķ̫󣬶Ҳǲ
϶ƺһӰӣŲԶĹ˵Ⱦ˪㶼ˣ㻹ʲô
˭Ⱦ˪̫壬ΪȾ˪ļùҪôӡ˵޽ˣ
ߣС꿴Ź㲻֪ҵ֣
һΪǰȾ˪أֻǳѣ˵ϣʶȤһ㣬Ⱦ˪Ҫӡͨʬˣһڵ޵ߣȻҲֹǵĴҵ
ϽƿӡȻһΪһȾ˪
ƽͣ𣿡
㲻£ʣ֪ҵʵܶ࣡
ô᲻أв޵𣿡ЦʵȷǱҸߺܶ࣬㣬ܴ޽˵ôԸҰɣڵ㲻ǸӰ㲻ϣΪʲôҪ㣿
׼ȷ˵Ӧң϶Ҽӹ̺ûаʱ䣬Ҳˣ
㡭ͺ𣬡
ܿ侲ˣŹ˵Һô
ʲôףʱ䣬ȴڽӡȾ˪Ķᣬѱ˷֡
ƿ϶ͨ´򿪣ǹռݴ½ǱŮ˵ĸңֱӳΪһңݴ½Ůʣ
һŮˣܳΪŮʣ췽ҹ̷ɣ
ЦҳΪŮʣ֮ܰʲôأ
ȻʲôҪģúλӣǻռݴ½Щ޵߶ΪǵūۡЩ⣬޵ˣֱǶ޵裬Ǳ͸üԦЩˣҲзѪҺҲ֪ǺЩ޵ǲһģǴӳǸ߹󡣡
𱰣Щ˾͸һӵϣЩϻһΪⲻЦ𣿡
ٶ࣬Ҳϣôܺأ
˵Ǿ͸óΪǵĿȷģ
ҲҪʳ޵Ƕԣһ󲹵顣뷨ܼ򵥣ռݴ½󣬱ȦЩ޵ߣһǣЩ޵߳Ϊǵʳ
ڹŮʣǸܶѡ
ʹܳΪŮʣ˵ĻҲδãǵǸȽ˳ĳҪĻҲΪǵʳ
Ȼ뷨Ц˵Һļⲻһ
üŶ
Ʋ޵ߣα̸أ౰ôıΰĶȴγӣ㲻ǲ¶壬ΪҲΪıʵڲҲ̶ã˵ҸΪƽȣ˭ҲãǴҲգһ
û𱰣ûйԼû˭㣡
˵أɫȴҲѿˡ
ıʲôӣȻ֪ģҲΪıŹѿεʱѡһżÿò
ϧԻ˵òڹʲôǡ
ǲǷˣ걾ԹƿڴԼһʱ£ѵΪŮʣֻҪΪŮʣʲôأ
ҲԸΪŮʣԼߵλϣЦȻ˫ּӡŮλӣˣҸϲɣ
УʹҳΪŮʣҲκ˶ܣԸ˭ĳ
ɣ˫ֺƣϵĹâʼ϶ȥֱӱ飬뿪֮ǰôҲû뵽Ů˾Ȼ˵ķԼ
ССһڵ޵ߣ˵Ŀ

417 

ϲ¶ڴ˿ף˵ĵطͻҪƽ⼸̫ˡ
Ǽʹˣɼ
ڣ޽δز࣬طʱЩҲδס
Ը⡭
Ըгһݴ½һƬޱ߼ʵѪԸ˱޵ʳΧһƬߡ
ǰԼΪʱʵĳ֮ʮڲٳκӣƽĺҲùԣʹ˶ƽȣȴҲǴ˰ȡ
һֱŬ
Χĺ翴ŹĶȻ޽̸ʲôȴҲ˸š϶ٴηӡΧ޿ʼ׷ӴܣĽԨ޴ûټ׷ȥǾƣҲҪ׵ķŹЩޣ뿪޺̫ԶΪahiںףΣգڹߡ
ĽԨ޴ʱ°ɫĳΪûմȾѪ
ΨеıǱѪҺݹһ˾ľս
ΰΪ߼ʦѾ˲̺ͱŰһ棬Ҳδ˭ĽԨ޴ƵսƽĽԨ޴ǲڣʹڵʱ̸ĶǹΪĽԨ޴ʮ߹ڲ̣ںٰĽˣٽӽ
ĽԨ޴ȷ֥ҹеһ
ôˣĽԨ޴ΰʲô𣿡
ΰҡͷ뿪ˣ׵Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ǹСѾΣյ飬ֻҪŴͺã
ĽԨ޴˵ͷˣ
ΰϽ֣Ҳ̫ˣ
ڴǰΰĽԨ޴ռ˹ıˣȴҲ˭ԸϹĽŲģĽԨ޴ߵ̫ô͹֮ͳ׵Ľˡ
룬ҲԼİúõĻָٸĽŲ
ʱĺڡ
ڳ˺ף׵ԶȴһŹֵĹϢ
Χ˵Ũ˵Ϣ
һȺ߽ѾưܲĹһֵ˵ǰ
ľ޴첿һĶΪȴצӣòȴֲǡЩ˵ľ벻̫Զ˿ԿɫƬŰĹâ
֪ǰĹѾ̤ڡ
ˮ׵սڰǿܶ࣬Ĺ죬ʵǲ޺̫ˣǽӽ˼޵ʵˡ
ﲻĵطȥ
ȷ̬ȺܲãٶһϻҪʼһǺȴһ̽һ䣬ǾߵС?㣡
?㣬ʵޣǷΧڣҲ˵?ǿģֻǷǳѡΪ?żҩüֵϹʱڻڣҶҪõ?㣬˵?ѪƷǳĵҩҳ?ʵ
Ϲʱھͺٵ?㣬ˡ
˭Ҳû뵽޺Ȼסһ?㣬ߵĹһԵüС
˭?Ҳû뵽ȻʶԼǲǡ
˵?һˣһģ
ʵ?ıЩ죬κȴǸ忡꣬Լʮʮ꣬Ź庢ǲŻеʡ
Ҫ߾?Ц룡
ֻҪһţǾ߾?һ֣һѳǹģ׿ԽŸǶ˼ӢͲ
Ҫ߾ҵӣΪʲôܴ?˵СˣǺ磡
ɫƵ?仰ɫǲҰף㻹
㡭ԶԶģ?źʮֵĲƣúûа㷴ķӡȻҲûҪȥʲôϾȷĲԡ
Χû?ͺĶԻʱȥˣ?˿ڡ
ߵǰǳٹĺӣĸ
?Թ˵úӣ㲻ֹǵĸףǵĸǸúӣ
?ǿģóһöڵݸǵķµģұģɾڷѪҺ̫ˣ޸ڵŰɣкô
̫ˣϽܾ
?Ź֣ӹԼ˵ҵҲźÿ㣡
ãºϽ?㣬˵
?̾һתĹ

418 ټ

ĹȻãȴʮֵĺ󣬿ɼǰһƯĹ
ƯҲǹȥˣַȴһֲȱĹ졣
⹬ģĶұҵˣ?˵ĸĻ˺ܴˣҪӡҲ֪ڶ࣬ʱ϶ĸĻ𽥾ħ
еʱѹԼĻҲ˵ɱôأ
?ЦϣȾҲԸ⿴Ա
ʵžһŮӣʹ걻е˱ѣẫ繼Լһʱе˶վĶ棬Ҳûѡžӡ˸еĺӣԼŵĲôȴûõӣʱ?žΪʲôõӣ粻ֵžֻЦ˵վ޹ģѡԼĵ·
ΪӣžʼţǱƣɢ˴˴
?žûˡ
˵⹬ĶüĪǣ
ţ?֪Ҫ˵ʲô𴬣սʱҪķۣ
괫ģЩٵԵҲŻã˲٣ʹŬֲ޸ȴɻûг׵޸ã?̾һȻͨģȴϵ飬Ժܶ𻵵ĵطûа취޸ã
Ҫǣ޸ҪܶԪʯеĻҪϹʱڲеľʯôܻУ
Ҫžһĳ׵߻ħˣһֱδ뿪
?̧֣⹬ǸӦʲôһΧһпʼָԭλĺףŹʼ޸ʼ
ֻգ۾Ǳݹһµĳ˵ǰ
еɣڹΧ洦ɵķţҪԵʮֵׯϣΧ˲ٵķģϸĿȥᷢЩʵвٶոǱ¿ȥģ֪Щʵ?Ĺ͡
游֪?ž꣬žεޡ
Ǿָܻ⹬ʵҲûˣ?Թ˵ϲұ͸ɣ
?һֱֺùʵ?ֺ֪úʵžĿԸ󣬵ǲ֪Ϊʲô?ϲΪžŮֻΪòžôһƣΪзѪҺ?㿴ԽԽ˳ۣǺ޲ùԼһ塣
ձ֣ȷǵ
Ϊ?Σ˳ߵ˹ڣ˻˯ž
žźǰȣʵѾûˣĻǣΪŷѪҺټ?չˣûлɢ
žǸ༫ĵŮӣʹôȥˣ޵Ǹڴ֦ͷĺ÷۽βĺ룬ġ
󣬿žˮƳɵĹľ̲סۣˣ
žǸӦʲôһ۵ʱ˫ǳһź磬ͻȻʲôһǣ磡
Ҳôһ仰糹׵Ŀ
žﵭһЦˣΪʲôôأ
֪žͺض̫ĻҪ̸קŲԸ?뿪˹ڣڹڡ
?ȻǲԸ⣬Ҳ֪ôȥˣžʵкģôֹžվҪͺһġʵ?Ҳ磬ڵ֪ĽͺҲ׵ףδιžֻ?ž̫ã̫ĲԸû˭žʹǸ߸ϵĺҲǲġ
?ٲˣҲûֹž뿪
ڼžϵħһΣǺħ壬ð߻ħķգžֵʹࡣ
ʵܸôžҲܣֻž︴֮ǰҪ׵ĳȥϵħ
ҪȥħڹԲѣѾžǻ̬ž
Ժͺȥһ壬ҵĳ˵Լ⡣
óجΣҲħǵַºͣžܵ˺
ȻԸģǸǱʾǿžžϵħĸ졣
ǶԣǸ顣
ֻû뵽Ȼһδ츲صĺϢ

419 

Ҳսǿ壬ķҲóξóвԼΡ
޵ǴսڶԸ޵ʱ̫࣬Ҳܵҡ
ʹˣҲꡣ
սȻһΪսҲΪóʦ
ϳ˲ʦΪСԵʣƳķͷ
ıǺպҹ飬÷Բǧ˯¯ۡ
۷ǳĴռһСУܶණǱΪģңҪǣʱȻҪԪʯѰ޾Ҳǿõģۣɹ˿أ¼ķģ˵Ľ
ֻںܶǰ۾˵׹޺˴δгһգܻصԼڡ
ʱʵȥҵַʱ򣬱ΪҵۣȴûǱûа۵ϢԴӴˣҲû۵顣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽۾Ȼܻһݵ˺á
Ϊ峤Ĳڿ۵ʱ򣬶ʱͿ
Ϊ峤ǸѪжڹǰĴȴ٣ΪôųΪÿδϢԶǼõġΪ۵ĳ֣ٶ˳ǺǿҵǣƬ̼֪ڵıһʼЩ˸Ƕ߶µҪӽΣôῴۣ
óجΣó֯ξȻᱻƭԺܶףĻˣĶĻˡ
һʼ۹ݣ֪ǹǵ󣬸ǳŹ
ǰŵˣٶǰ׷ԲԵˣȻϽǲֹ˹ΪһΪϣȴûǡ㣬˴ʦϣ
Ҳڴԣ˸ҶԹаֲ𾴣һ壬Ҷ㲻֣ұǰɱ
Ƿ̫ˣֹΪҲΪġÿιʱɽµվڵڿ󣬱Թд񣬡˴ʦ
ĺӸϲӸĸĻԹʮֵ𾴣óߵԴ
ҲΪԹ𾴣Щ嶼ѧϰ֪߸ϣԸԹ˵ĹȻǵ뷨ȻĽģйշҲˡ
ݴ½ʵѾвٵˣİһȵȡ
ɣһ˵ʵ峤
Ȼ޸ڲٵĵطǻЩǲȫģӰڣһ޸ۡ
ϣŵǣ
?źž߶꣬Ͱ?㵱ˣΪ?ԼĵܵһȻ˵?ž˲٣ž˵?ǵܵܣ?Ҳûзԡ
˽£?Ҳռ˹ıˣù塣
˵ֻܻ壬̧һ;ʹˡ
ȷ?ˣ˭һ˺ܶ꣬?ظˣȻԸύ?óģڹǺôģڵķͣͲǰҪͱԼ
?Ǻܺõʦ
Ϊž﻽?СˣԹ˽¾ͻ?塣
ǧ˵˵Ӧģǻúźүģ
˭Ҳ֪?ıǸޣֻ꿴żĿʣ˵ʱʮֱֵӣóĨǡ
?ž󣬹ȥһĳϣóһЩ޺ҵݣǡ
պãҲ˰
ĺܿ죬Ϊųԣľϵ̶̼µʱ䣬ȴѾǸ˾Сˡ
ļָһЩȻûȫ𣬵ȴҲ˲١
֪ΰ飬ʱߵǰԹһ񣬡л˴ʦ֮˶
ˣǰСõǸӡ
ٹЩӣܱŮģҲļ־
ҲûӦΰˣ

420 

ΪĻָܵĹҪһ档
ȵ֮ƲžԼçײˣһ屾ͺ޵߲ͣʹһֵĺƣҲǰڸѡ
ҴҵǼˡ
ΰҲ֪ԼúͰǰһģǽҲĸס
ԴӰºҲ׵ıӣ˵çײҲǹҡ
ǹ˵ȥ˰
һ·ƼߵĹһʱ֪˵ʲôڸ
ݴ½˵ĴǸ޵ߣôĹʷϴδһ̤˳ڣҴҶţгһ˵ѾǷˣҲû˾ʲôֵģЩƺҲĲƣ˵Сó׭
ǣΰó󷨣Ƹó׭һЩΪ飬ҪԼˣͱǿҲ弶ķ׭ʦ
ֻȻ弶ķ׭ʦѾ弶ܶˣͻơ
ݴ½Ҳûмķ׭ʦƵҲ͡
ǰСƵķ׭ʼ̸۹ڷ׭Ļ⣬˵ҲûзŵôΡ
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˭Щ֪ˣ߹һظԼ˵һĸҪǵãĹĻнգΪĴ֧ţûǣûĹΪңȻҪһЩȨʦΪߣݴ½Ψһ߼ʦϣĸ㲻ҪһЩе飡
Ҫѵ⣿ִ̧߹һ⣬һĶҲҽѵң
ҲֹҪѵĸҪѵĹҵÿһˣȥڣȻջһʱǿɱڽûҵĻ߹ûп֣վ˵һ䣬Ŀǳ
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߹أܶʱ򶼻ǣԻҵҲر֣˵ʲô˹صĻ
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425 Ů

˭Ҳû뵽ƽƵĺᷢ˴ƢҺܶ˶ò˼顣
꺫ž飬ȻĹİղ֪ǻȴ֪ģΪûվžǱߣηǵģˣĺѾյĺˣһ˵һҶ
ǶԸʱ޷Ǿźضռߣϧȴƴˡ
ֻʺһ̣ﶼǲ׺𾪵ģ
ˣƵҩȻΪͺ̫Ѫ￴ǰŭĺ磬ڴ˿֪ˡ
ΪжʧܣҲʹǰһ
˲֪ž飬ȴ֪ġ
ǰĺʵ߶žֲô飬˼ʹĽҲվûֱ˵ʱĳúܲƽΪʲôԼĳ͵λʵžǿȴϲžķԽǲƽ⣬ԽǺ޲žֱǰòĶȻҲ˵õԻҵ飬ʵҲв棬ΪĹǸʮִŵˣΨžˣŻġ
ԤҲʮ׼ȷģž޺Ϣ󣬺ȷЩħˣʼչء
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Ҳ׵ɨ˻ҵˣ߹ǻΪĹŮۡ
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ǲȣΪ֪ѹЩûʲôȤһҪȨҲΪֻбøǿҲŲҼʲôС
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߹ԸĳλȥǶΪǽӽɭ֣λҪɱȴǵһ弶ޡ޵Ϊߣһ弶ǳأ߹ߵ˵ǿԵǻ˲ء
߹Ϊ˱˵ģȻ޴ӣߵһػ˹ǣ߹Ҳ˾޴ˣ㶪
߹һٶȴҲǱסӡ
Ϊ˭Ҳû뵽סһλܵӣλǡ·ɭ֣ȥѰݣΪӵΪº̫ࡣ
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Ȼû߹鷳ȴҲٵӡ
ҲΪ˵ҵԸָ㹫
ȫǺڰģԼĵߣ
ΪΪˣ߹ǲԸ⿴ŰԼǰԼ룡

426 

߹ǻΨһйһλ
ԸðԼΪǱա
Ȼʲôˣȴеߡ
Թͺ󣬾߹ŮۣĹձøã߹ǻҲ
ĹĹʦĹĵ
ڻҵˣѾȦطסˣӴ˺ͻûаϵ
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ҪսĹδػǣӭ
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籾ͲóЩ飬аİæϲǰԽҲʼںܶ˵ǰ
Ĺϣȴʼˡ
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ش𣬡ڣΪʲôأ
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ҵţεôĲֹǽι˼õĵʼΧᣬҪĶ
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Ⱳֻ˵ϹŹʥŮٵʱɫ׽٣ЩվдԴδü˵ʦɷڣҲɫ׽٣ǹȴ
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ΪȷǸţһܾɫ׽٣
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Ǵݻ˰Ⱦ˪Ⱦ˪ңʬ׷ֿԩ
ĹߵıȵİȾ˪ҪҲ֪ʲôýˣʵҲܿᱻݻ٣
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žĻҲ˹ʲôͿ
ռҶԹ飬һֱ֪ҲûֹɹԺռ飬Ҳδ˵ʲôվү˵ʹǹռҲߵһġ
治ΪԲԼ
ɹֹûΪռҵ뿪ԼԼˡ
Լεºܣù˴Լ
ڶ׽ڹϵʱ򣬹̲סһ˻žﶼ
ôܲԼŮأδԼ˴ϻ۵ŮĶͣȴﲻ
ڴʱҲʼ󣬷ֹɽʧܣûᶯ֡
ʦȷҪߵĻ˵ǿĸˣ
ĸĳڣ˵ҷڵˣǣ
ץĸһ°˽˵أ
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ʲôЦҵǾĸˣôΣˣ
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˵гڵ˱һķڵڣʱȻţȴҲΪ
ڸ߸ϵ޵߶ԣǴݻٵĴ
ҲףԲ˵˵ô򵥣
ͬʱһѾ׵ı˽̿۵ļҪʧȥǣһԼҪӮˣΣΣվҪӮˣ
һ׽ʱ򣬹׵ĻΪ˻ҽСʱ󣬵׽ٳ׵ɢȥһŮҽڻվ
ķ˿ͺʮƣɫ
۽βĺɫ룬쳣
ѩк÷ˣ

429 

ķɫͺʮֵƣȴֱȺ翴ŸйһЩһʱΧסˣиֵͷѵΪڵˣɫŸı䡣
ΨžͰȾ˪֪ôΪκ󣬷ɫᷢı䡣
һǣĻκıһֻ׷
žﵹϵ˵˵һֺİ׷ǻѩףëɫǺÿ̺˼
Ұ׷ǾԻ᳤βġ
ǰ׷ԼѪ⣬ͨ飬ǲŮޣ԰׷ڷԵüϡ١
׷Ｋϧʲôʱ򣬰׷ﶼᵣηڵκγϣǴûб˼ĺܸߣ
ڷٻȥǰ׷Ϊ׷˴ƢãֵʱǼأҲºȥ͵ʱ򣬿εɫĳԶԶģʹЩ˲ǰ׷˵ķ塣
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ЩٻᶯΪ֪ԼҲܽ飬λȷˡ
˴ʦ⻰ǲ̫ˣҲ֪ʱԼ䣬ҾŵӢҡ
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430 

˭Ҳû뵽ɽٺɱߵڵĳϣҪǻս
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ҵĵ죡˵ղþŻȥĹⲻһģ
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ĵߵĿǰҪģ޶ˣأ
żȺĶھȻ˵ĵôߣˣҪȥץعϽȴһЦ
ʿҪˣžӵǹıҪǣѹʲô£ʧȥԺĽʲôӣѾøˣǿֱ׼Ͷˣ
һ˼ֳ

432 

ʵڻҵķӦվġ
֮ǰԸ˵Ҫն׾Żӣɻʺڱµǰһ޶ϵڿ˵ŻûˣҲҪžŻȥˡ
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˶ΣþŻȥĹ
żҪĹûУϽԸȥǵʱҲ֪ϽĶϱʵѾʧڽˣ
ϽҲ֪Ϲû̫ʤ㣬ΪĽȻԸ⿴Űܿ࣬ѡȥǡԽĻʧˣΪΣôûεģԹϽλеĶϱŻѡ뿪
ϱĶĺŮǹżҵѪżҺռǲһģΪӶǼ
ʵҪȥץϱȴҲ֪ϽˣץˣҪ¾˹żңֻܿŮʧԼڡ
ӵźڹϷߣϷ˺͹ϽһԿӳģԶӺںԶûаɫϷ˵һ䣬źˣǽˣǲѡѹҵģһѡԾ
ҵСһڻȪ·̫µ⺢׾͵СżҵĴŶûȥΣ
Ϸ˵žͿˣҼС϶᲻˺·ϱ۸˸ô죡
ϵĹϷǰʹΪλôһЩˣʵԼԼ͹йϵǺ͹йϵµȷǾŻģǲܸĵġ
ûı⣡
սóıԵĹżѾֵ˼֪ѾԪˣҲȥֲȴԹżĶ
ǾòżҵŮ춼ڻʳڣȫɱˣ˵ôϽҲˣ㲻㳹׵ĳˣ
ǳˣǳصĽңôҪøȥˣϾǸʵּ⣡ˣҼǵýڵļǳԹϽµģйˡ
˵ļ࣬ĵһڡ
γ֪ԼŮ˵ΪôԼŮ˵ĶԼ
˰֣Ķȥ
ǴǰȻԸԼĸ̨µģھ΢ƣˣΪҹʺĸҵˣҵ˶֣ĸ˾ţ׵˹ȥ
ĸʵﲢǸǿˣһ֮Ϊ˵˵
ȴ֪Լûʺĸûа취
¶㣬ȻԹƢ϶ץסģ
˲ٵҥԣЩҥԴ඼˵Ҫ޵żˣΪλӣȻҪһЩȥżˡ˵ʵżӣȴ˾ŻӵǺ˾ŻӣɱŻӡ
ֵҥĪڣ˵Ҫ޵ĹΪĽδĽԨ޴ˡ
ô͹żҵ˶ҥԵģҲ»ҵ˿ʱ۹˲ٵֵĶ
ĵĪЩ˲ԼڵҲԼ
Ȼ˵ĽԨ޴ǸıĽޣļĿʣҾ˵ﵽ˳ڣǸ
ҲֻԶԶĿһĽԨ޴ûȻˡ
ĽԨ޴ôϲ
ǣЩˣ
ڣֹĻҾʲôԹżҶôˣڿһýڲЦǺ˼
ڽҥԴʱ򣬹Ѿžλ·ˡ
ŲԶĳǽдŵĹ֣վѡ˾͵Ϣû
Ǻǳûʲô𰡣˵ôѹ𣿡
ţش𣬡ƼǽϵķЩǹķ׭úܾãŹϽӦһλķ׭ʦ
ж˵а𣿡
ҡͷҲ֪
ѡϢҲΪЩ׭Ҫ̽Էʵټж

433 

ǽԺҪĳǳأϽʱʹδ뿪
СվԶ˺ܾõķ׭üͷ͹˵ط
ȻطҲû뵽˹ϽǳڵҲսҲԲ
ʵ˭ܿĳŵľ˲ٵ壬ҪǻһսԲ˶ʼηˣ
һһĴڣɸһǶԣʵûа˺ܸ˺Ķǽڵ޵ˣ߸ϵһ壬֪ϹѪ󣬲Զʼ͹Ӵ
һʮˣȴǼĴڣ˭ҲῴЩˣΪ൱һʮϵ޵ߣټǱ壬Щ˸ܵԪӤ޵ˣ
ЩأԼʵ֮ٺܶ࣡СʵԽûʲôøУȴڵˣ
ΪطҪĸԸ˰ԼѪҺȥܻƵķ׭Կɼڵˣǲηж
δݴ½ĹսƼʱȴޱȵĲ̣
ԭ˵Ĳף
ʵĹڵıɶԹԹǺܴģΪȵӹŲΪʲôҪΪһûгɹĺ׿սһҲ׹ΪʲôҪ˽ºܶԹΪŮͦ߹ټϹʦɽµȵȶվڹⳡս۲˳ĽȥҪǣ̻ṩ˴Ԫʯǰ߸û̫ѣ
СʵҲףʱֻҪ˲˲ͺˣΪʲôһҪս
ף⼸֮㵫һҾͻ롣
棬ǲġ
ҵ޵ǵѵĹ޵߾Ͳ𣿸ҪǣϣĹܽ壬ڿս֮¹ԺĹĻʳһʯ
ʯ겻˻ʯƳɣֱҹһּǺʧġ
Ψĸ֣ƽȡ
Լˡ˵ʵߵģҲԪӤڣ׭ļӳ֣ʵҲﲻڣҪľǺǣǹĹ̻ʮּѣǵʱ㣬Ǳʤɣ
ֻǲܰеʱ䶼ǣǱҲж
˵ҼǵóˮսǺϵĴҲǸ࣬Ҫˮһİæһߡҵȥ̸У
ߣұ㽻ˣС˵ǳѡͶͳͳɱ
Ƿȫ֮
С˵˵ͷ֪ˣǱȥŰɣºϢ
ҹĹĴŲٵͿʼǷ˵һ
Զһͽ̨Ϊΰָʦûгڵ޵ϣô֮ĹٷǿͷųģóľΧľʼҪסǵߡĹľӾڶľǰУϽվڳǽϣָս
ʵǵԱޣлвٵȻԸΪǱϾʵޣĹһ˵Իȡ
ڰС˶Щ̫ãĹľ̫࣬СֱӻԭͣŲٻԭ͵峯ųǽ
С˵ʵͲó׭¼˲ٵķ׭óǽϵľǣЩʧ롣
ޣǺη壡Ͻ˵˶ʤ죬ǲͶģ
СԣĵԲۡ
ޣʲôޣɲʲôޣ
״ȷ죬һμʱҲɹ飬С˻Ĳó⡣
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ʹСǹһ죬ۿǾҪ£ξǲôһ㣡ǵĳǽȾͨ죬ϽΪܵ˹ѾѪ˼ΣɲԸ뿪
洫Ϣ˵СȻһ׼ͷŷˣҪС˻
СָֻܻΣ̨ȥ
СһߣǳǽϵľһϽԶɢɫą̂ȴǴ󺰣󣡡
üһҪȼԪʯ
ʱںʲôԪʯϽͺ𣬡ҪСһ壬ǵ󷨣ǳ˲ɻĳǣȥ󣡡
Ҹ߹ϽڵԪʯʵ޵ģȻ˵Ҫ㹻ʣǺóĶȴҲֻôһЩ
󷨣ôԪʯѹֲ֧˼죡

434 Դ

ǵķֻΡ
ÿһζҪĺܶԪʯǵķʵֻΣÿһֻά죡
Ļ˵ϡ٣øǵԪʯʵѹûж٣֮ǰĳ̰˲٣ԪʯɱĴ
ֻǹʵ鶼ǸڹܣԹϽѹ֪
̾һԸ˵Ļȥ̼Ͻˣҿ̱鵽ĳ̶ȣȴҪΪս˵ȥôЦΪˣӦػģûѡ
˲䣬ǵϿձɫϣϵɫʮֵģǲϸҲƲʲô
С˺һ֪ŷȴûѡͷ׼˼ʱ
νٷʵǵϲһ׼ӣ֮ľľΪľڶҪľǾͱҪġ᲻ͣĵӣҪֹѣҪЩľʮȼĶûȥôǳڵ˻ᱻɣΪľֻûøǶԲǺð취
ٷһӡǳأһ׼ҹȥһƬ̡
شľ󣬵ʵȴһ̵ֲ
Ϊ޵˭Ըⱻأǵͼ޵ߣǶһԼģȴҪľɣ˭ҲԸģ
ԣڵ֪һҪŹٷʱʵϽôһ㲻ģ
ںܾǰ˵һֱΪǸø߸ϵķԸضı£Щ壬ǺöԸҲᷢսˣ
ٷͷŵʱϱΧƿʼ𽥵ĳǿ£ƶģмɫƲʣԵʮֵĹ죡
Χ˶ɫƶˣһ̰ϸģӡ
ǳǽΪûϣغǵѸٵĳЩľΪûֹԳķǳ죬滹Ὺŷ۵Ļ䣬ŷǳĿɰ
ЩɰĻȴЩľ£Ϊ⻨յ࣡
£ûʲôӣˮ𽥵ıĺһͣҵǵϣ顱
ĹľûֹͣƣΪǵ϶һ׼ľƣЩľֹǵյתƸǣ⵼ǵսǿˣ
ǳǽϵľ˿ǰԴԴ϶Ĺˣʹȴɱǵս𺳵ˣ
ǴʱͷϵƲ飬ܼǵ
ǽжʹҪҲΪսΪػĲֹңǵ޶ǵļͥǼסˣôǱܵ˺Ͻ˵жǸңվǹ
վţ
벻ػˣϽʡ
룡
ЩͬĻشϽ
ôǾͲҪ˺󣡡Ͻͺ
ǾҪӺϽ˵ԸΪǶսǽյһУ
ϽһֱܿΪЩЩ˿־ľǣŹϽĻ˼
ԶС˿ųǽϵһĻҧгݣû˵϶ǸѲĶ֣
ʵСǵһУȻȥı߾ǹС˵ҪǣҲҪʱ䡣
С˵ʱùǸ߿ǳڵˣôֵܼ죿ްͣЪĹ
С˿ʼɣ˵ʵ滰أ
ǵ飬ʵûֳҲ֪ģ
ûǿӲĹʼֵʱĽ㶪µһǳأˣǵĵͼ޵ߣ
Խһ޵ǣҲǲ֪˵ʲô
ͶɱԽ˵ΣҲΪɱ˶ģԸ⣬Ĺ񣡡
ߵĴæô
ѹǳڸôߵĶǶ߰ɣ
ԽΪɮʵǲӵ̫ĺöģԽҲҲã޳㿪ʼı߾䱦ĹڣǵĲ˶ۺˣ
ڹڿͻĶҹŴˣ˭ôģ
ԽϣС˵Խ˵ЩҲܻһЩͼԪʯأ
磺
治ϣԽǹʦĴϡ

435 ս

ΪɽҲУսϵĿɮʵ١
ɮܵĶǼ̵ѵҽǮһΪ飬Լıʵޡ
ֹԽǸˡ
ʵǵĹʮֵĵֻǾЩܻԪʯԶ˻ˡ
ϢܿʹιҵĶѹ˼Լ߸ϵ̬ƿڴĹǲˣ
ߵĹ嶼ãĹ̫ˡ
Ĺ޵óڱ˵ʦʵʮֵĸԣģôĹȴΪĴڡڻɣʵĹ뿪սˣԲŻˣ
Ҳʼɢҥԣ˵Ĺ뿪սЩùڵҪѧᷴȻЩݡԪʯΪ˵Ķ
ҥԵʱҲʼ˵ĹʦԣƵҩʵܶʱ򶼻ʧܣÿһʧܶݱϣ˵ҩʵǿÿҵ޵ߵģĹЩΪݴ½˶࣬ЩôԴĹ˵ģĹĵյǻֻһ湫ȻľŻӾҪףҪǹڵĵʦⲻ̫
Ĺʴȣҵ̰׶׳
ڴЩϢʱ򣬿ʣĹ˵Դǣ˫˭Ҳã
ЩȻÿҶ㹻̣Ҳа˲ٵԱڲͬطɢҥЩƺܺгĹǲһģܾһ𣬲Ϊ棡
˭ҪҪԲܴﵽνĹƽҲľľ
󣬸Ķ£
ʦƵĵҩȻʧ˻˷ݣһƳɵҩȴƳţǿ̫ƾͺˣɹĻȴǣĹ˽ģɢҥϣݷǲҪһν׹ݵĹϢڹѹûУֱһΪĿĲֶεѾͷ
ιĳºү˵ιȱ죬һЩ졣Ѿ˵ǳºүļ۸񡭡̫ˣ
ǿﵽʮ
ֹιʵҲˣǶ޲ѹեΪǵⳡսʵĴǶˣⱳվŵ壬
ѡʱֺγ֪ӮһжҵĹͣһôһУ㶼Ĵ
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ǰֻǸޣһޱǽҪĳǳأЦŷߺޣҲǽһ֪ڵԪʯ

һҪŻӵģʹ֪ŻӺʹǰǳ˴ԪʯԴȴɲǣûп̵ңĻʵûʲôõģ
ϽôãѾǺܴ漣ˡ
ʵ֤ûῴϽǹѹĻҺǴǰĳԹ᳷ô죡
취СѾЩˡ
ߵѾߺ̴ǣΪĹĴڣȻϽ£һزסˣϽ϶ԺһôĵλҲܵ˺
취üʲô취
ûʲô취ˣҵ˲ԸĽˣĻҶһжĴ
İ취δػóȥ
ڴ˶ⳡսۣ޲ȥǸ
뷨ȷûڵڶҹԼԼ˼زסļ
żˣ˹Ͻ⣬йżежʮһĹżСүѾսڳǽˣһķеȻݽ߶
ʵòμⳡսۣǹżûˣСүսϽԪҲǰˡ
ͶϽ˵ѡͶ
ȻԽթǵ飬֮ҵʬ׳ȥǷйǡҪסڵУ޹ģ
ԲסҶԲǣû뵽˵⣡
ʵ˭Ҳû뵽ʵֻһΣΪںܶϣҲ֮ǰĳ͵ˣµһηƺҲڶˡ
Ͻ֮ǰøӦԼһҪţǾ

436 ޳

ĹңֵǾǼʹսҲʲôˣ
ͶǺܺõİ취ΪϽˣǾ޴ĳ衣
ԸǳڵˣЩ˲ΪĹҲֵãǻţôջѪػİգ
ǶˣջΪ˵˶ûˣ
ŹϽվˣ
ԶԶǣΧһƬ̣޴ľ»ĻݣһƬ
˭ҲûĳڣȴѪζʮ㣡
ͶһֱδǰĹȻǵǰˡ
ϽսģӢ£˭Ҳ飡˵׼ϵףѹżҵ͹Ļʳǣ˭Ҳ
ڹϽߵĸź˹ϽˣϽ˵Լʬ׽ȥõоʱȻǧ㲻ԸģΪϽߵİģòĴӦˣϽߺԼ˵ʹǶҲԲϽʬףֻǸôҲû뵽仰
㡭Ź̽һ䣬˵ģ
ϽΪͬҵĳӣҪػǲһģΪҲ˵ҲΪǳÿһˣҲǴӴ˳Ϊūۣ
͹Ͻػʳǵ飬ֻҲֻܻȥ˱£
ȷعϽҲʴȵʲôˣڹϽߵˣսߵ޵ߣǷŻɽǺģλΪʵѾ˲٣ҶԹϽĹģȥضùϽȡ
ţЩ˶Թʮֵ𾴣ԶڹķԸûаΥԹżжʬ׶ʮֵأ׼Ϻõıʯ֤ʬ
뿪ǵʱûг׵ѹΪȷ׼˺ܺõ޳Źż˵ʬ뿪ȷˣûжԹżа衣
ãҲûеô񶾣
ȻͬʱСҲʹΪʲôҪ
ʵùż˳ȥңǸõİ취
ش𣬡ˣеߣ
ЩЩǲģԸһԼʧܵʱҲĽ
ŽĴܣѾʼ̸ˣʱһ飬±׷Ͻһߵľǳ׵ıˣ
Źż˵ʬ׻ؽʱȴĻΪ⸱ǹϸѹż˵ʬ׳׵ˣû°ۼ
޵ȻɸԸΪϢ
ԵѪֱ˹ȥ
ĻҴ˵ĵزѾ֪ȥ̵ˣҪ⸱˵Ҳڴˣ֮ǰ߽ҲǼϸ
ϧĻҲֹΪϸΪżѹˣ
ŻԴȥץżӳȥϱ˵һҪŮĵ
Ҳû뵽ĻҾȻ㵵ϢһʱãȻ
ûֹǣվ˳ˡ
飬ģⲻԼԼ𣿽Ļô縶İһ˼£
ϰ˸߸ˣҲϰ˹żս޲ʤΪż˲öǣ˾ͲٻˣûʸΪżҵϱ뿪˹żҵʱ򣬸ǾŮȥĹͶ
ǲŻ˵ķŭ
ߵ˽ͣδӴżҵˣ
ȷûнӴ
鷢չǹû뵽ġ
ΪδӴĵˣ
ҲΪҴ±ŹϽľǣǩϣסżΨһѪȻԸģЩ˵սʮֵĽܳĹˣе޵߶Ըˡ
ǩԼ󣬱ȥѰҹżҵλСϱԼҲ˳ȥ
ҹһھŻӵŮӣŮ̧ǰʱһǣǸеĺʮֵİȡ
ÿ֪ŮӣѹԼŮӸĵӣ
Ϊĸ˽ˡ
̾һŮֶ˵ʲôΪ룬ˣܻţ뿪ĻҲܱ֤
ŮӿŹ
ĵʮֵĸӣߵ˶ڹǹϣԼҪ̹
Ҫ׵ı
Ҳͬʱҵ˹Թ˵ֻҪ㽻żҵŮˣԸ̸ͣ

437 Ǿ

ʵżҵСϱ࣬Ǹ˳Ůӡ
żڽϹ壬ܼ޵żҵʱںܶ˵ʵˣ
һ˫޵ߣûʲô츳ʵǰ;Ѿˡ
ΪɷϲԹżҵ˻ǽĴڣҪǹżҵӴ͸׽һûʲô
ʱɷܺãϺõݺ͵ҩøŶҲãûаĵ
౾ΪԼļ࣬ȴû뵽˵ҸںеʱⱲûаźˣ
νҸһжԴھˮ¡
ʵĹ飬ͽûʲôϵϽ֮ǰҲȰңԼȻսҲ֪ջˮӣʲôӣһӦûܸսȥյޣǿʼս
ĹĻҵȷĹʦڶ࣬Ϊľļӳ֣ҪǳķδĹ
ͻҵĹϵȻãǺǸʴĵˣ᲻սҵģ
ǹϽĻĻѹûȥƵĲòվʼ̽Ĺӹֵʱ򣬹Ͻߵ˵ս۽ɣ
ȻҲû뵽˵ֱӣ漣أ
û漣֣κ˶͹һǶˣżжȫսΪ˱סżΨһѪ˳
Ҳﻢ£ҪͣսͱҪҽڣ԰һжڹżϣ˫ͨ죬ȴֲ֪ô죡
νТʲôȫ˵ȥˣȴĽ
û뵽ǣȻҪ
ʹʮֵĸ߰Ź񻹴˼ҽˣ͵ǽĶǱȥǹ˴ʦԸཻǣôΪлԸ˱ȻԺ뻹ǣ
áʹߣǴģ
Ȼⳡս㲻ֹӮˣ㻹ݴ½޵߶ɵ㣬ⲻǺ𣿡ʹ߿Ź㲻ĴԸ
ýҵˣԴ⡣
ǽսܣȴıһЦǾΪƽϢⳡսңҪƽϢ
ҿ԰ཻǣҲԴӦͣսҪ󣡡˵һսҾþŻ䲻ϳ湫ðĹĹԲŻҪĵǸ;Żӵ׼ԺǴģȻ黹ԺĹˣ
ҲмҪһŮ˵ûȤģֵԪʯأҪǽ⳥ҪһϵԪʯ
Ļ˵ʹ߳һ
ǿѣϵԪʯǺ޲ֱӳսмֵ̫̰ˣЩֱЩĿ
㡭ʹߵͺ𣬡ǲͣսˣ
Ц밡ǲӦҵôͼɣ
ʹԣˤȥ
ʹôƣȴҲûɱʹߣҲûİཻȥ
ҹȥ˹
ʵĺֱӣΪʲôҪң
Ҫ㣬Ϊң˵˱ô˾ӣǸСˣҪշϽµˣԲŻ㣡
ûȻǲġ
˵ֱӣȴЦˣ˵ǾӣҲţ
СûбҪЩģΪܸ棬Թһᱣסⷬڸ࣬ᱣࡣ
ǹϾҲɱż˵Ļˣĳǽⲻġ
֪ǹֱ˵ǲܹġ
ѹֹʱ˵Ȼ鶼Ϊ棬ݴ½ΣȻᶪ뿪ģǹ
Ҳ˵лл˵
Ƚ֮ұ뿪Ҳߺĸ˭ҲóҺһӣӦùɣ
Ҳں͹֤úӸ
ҺȥǷɶ˻Ǹ˽ĸףֻҪӻţôൽʲôӣʵѾҪˡ
û˵˵Ҳת뿪ˡ
֮Ŵ˳Ź΢΢üĲɱҪ𣬿ɾ鷳ˣ
ɱ˵ҲҲԸ˺ͺ֣ҵĵߣ
˵ҲЦ˳С˵ĵߣ

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ΪҲʲôӣҲ൱ȻҲĿġ˵ֻҪţôϽµˣҪΪã
ҪĺӰȵĳ󣬾ͱ£Ϊֻ֪Σյʱȣ
ĻȺˣǿסģ
˵ͷǰҲû뵽ǻƽϢⳡսңĲԸ黹Ժˣ
ԺڽǴߵģ˵ҳΪĹΪĲң֪Ĺʵʱ뿪ݴ½ʱĹҲս֮࣡
ǴߵĶ㹻ĹԱ
Ҫȣͱ㹻ʵ˭Ϊӣ
һȻŮǲһģܳ׵׹뷨ԶףҪ뿪ˣĹԺǡ
𣿡ʡ
ᣡ棬Ц˵һģ
źͽ̸ʧܣȥһԺǰԤ֧ԺȪˮԺֱӿݽߣȡȪʯӵԼĿռ
ССռѾڹĶѾľСԺÿһżĶԶľʯݴ½ʹõĻң
ݴ½ݴ½һΪݴ½Ķ޺޵ߣͿԪʯˣõĶǾʯ
ʯҲΪϣľʯǼƷʯ˵Ψ޵ŻмƷľʯ
ʯ̫ˣԹѹûþʯݴ½ֹ඼Ԫʯ
õԺҪĶ󣬱ߵĽ˵ʱöٻĹöٻȥ
ŹķԸǶʼĴ߽ιĶҵսȷȴûʲôŽģֵʱҲ֣޵ߵʵ̫ôԱѣҲǶѲԷġ
ǰЩιɽҲ͵Ϯˣ˵ֻ𱻴˲١
˵ĽԨ޴Ӱӣ
ĽԨ޴ȷټϳιߵƷ˳ˣҲҪ׷ϹƣĽԨ޴ǱԽӰˣߵﶼ߲ٵĶ
ӴŲٱﲻĴĹĹ͹ȥΪŮ۵߹ʱͲ㼤Ĵ󺰹ĺˣ
ܶ˻߹ǻǲⳡսۣŴıԽԽ࣬Ҳ׵ĸıŹһٿ䣡
籾Ͳϲ˽ӴϲЩ˵ĺãž˽¶Ц˵ֱû
ȴЦǸúӣ
ž˵ţ
˵սͣЪͻȥݴ½ʱٹҪػˣž˵¶˾Ҫȥݴ½ȥһܾȳٹĵҩ
֪˵ʵұȥģܾˣ
˵ڣݴ½׵ұ
ʵžǹȥݴ½Źȥǹȴûͬ⣡Ϊݴ½ĹռϷ磬ʵϻλ˵Լ֮дң
Ĺأ
ҪųٹߣҲҪ˶š
ž̾һ⺢ӣ
žﶼöԲڵ˸ǰ˵İ䲻ǣôǲֱֹӷȥֱӷ˵Ϊ
ǵõģ
սңѾ׵ĵֵסСŵľӵĹˣŽʮǳغ󣬽Ļڳ׵Ļˡ
ΣȻͬҪþŻӳȥŭƽϢˡ
ʺڵǰҪĶôСȥ
һжõĴҶʲôϵ
ͿͿ˹ϵҸʱ򣬵ﻹ˼ЩĶӲôǴҾһιѹǣڹһҪǽģ
Ҹ㣬Ķӱ
ʺ߸ô꣬δ¶˻ŵӣߣ취㲻취
Ϊżҵ飬˺ܾãҪˣһα˳
ţɫҰףǰɶѵĻ׹ǣȴ޵ı
ЩʹǴԼϣǵȻ֪ʹֻ֪ɱ˰ޣ
ȥվȥ̸Уǡ
ڵˣߣ

439 

סĹЩ˻ŹԼߵŮЩߣ
Ҳ֪Լǲٻؽˣ
Ҫ󣬽ĵȻԸӦģƽϢˣԸϽ˵ȥ
ȷ˹һ̸бùֱӴӦˡ
ĶһߵһЩ˶Ϊã
߻µλڵĳϣΪ˹ˡ
ԼǺ͹֤ԼҲ⼸ҵ飬Ǹ˹ҪעЩˣ
ǻ۲ĹŮۣȴû㹻Ķ֧ΪĻѹģƣں͹̸н󣬱ֱѡ˱չأûлص
Ӵˣˣ˽»˴ʵûˣ
ʵռٵֻһңԲŻ˶࣡ʲôȨأĺֱӣֱչֳĹµʵЩҲĹʲô
Ҳ֪ҵĹΣգЩҲ֪ܻЩ˲ںںⳡսۿͣЪ
ǵһֱĴڡ
ź˶ļλϣܲġ
ҵģúõźںߣЦЩվҹǵڴûܱǣʵڽδãǸȵˣǶĹ϶Կģ
ռʵλүһֱδ͹ԣλŮ񶼿첽ԪӤˣǿֹ˵ҪԪӤˣ
Ҷ޵ߣȻ֪ԪӤôѣڹߵ޵ȴһһһ
Ĺܱ֤ǵգ
أ˿Ҫȥ
չأ˵ҿ˽׵˥ܣҲԸΪҶѡչأ۲Ϊ
˵ˣһЩҩ˵ȻҪչأ´γصʱΪҲҪһЩħ̫ˣһЩҩȥħ
ǵҩվǸĶħҪԼȥ
㲻ңʹ
ЦΪʲôҪ㣿ʵ㲻ǵ鷳Ҳȥ⼸ҵ鷳Ҳ֪Ҫ뿪ˣҲߺĹ£ԡⳡսǳҪģ
ĹԴĹάֺܾõʱ䣬ʹٴοչĹҲδػ·磡
ü㶼ˣҪ뿪
ȻҪ뿪ģݴ½˵Ƕ˵ݴ½ŨҵǺܺ棬׶Ũˣ
û˵ʲôⳡսҲΪĳٴͣЪ
Ȼ⳥˲ٵԪʯڼŻҲվ˳ǸĻȻɱ˾Żӣɹ֪δػŹŻһº󣬽ľŻ档
ζֵ˵ȷǹǹϽǰߵǡ
Żɱ˹żҵӣֺǵĳᣬǵķʧЧԹϽŻż˼ţЩ˸ڹϽ߶꣬ȻǻĳޣǸûѹĵĲֱɱ˾Żӡ
Ϣ󣬵һҲȡ
ϽߵˣһʲôͨĽɫ
ȴǹģԷųݻ˵˶񶾣ѾӦͣսˣȴôһ֣
Ϣųûãռ˳˵Լģ͹޹ء
ҵҲҶ˵ʲôϾ˭Ҳ֪᲻ΪǵĻٴιҲ֮ˣ
սͣЪ󣬹ȥһ˻ʳǣĿһ۴ľľ֦ҶïľϵϢʮֵŨһĳ͹˵ľʵһʥӶˡ
Ů󣬱黹һľ
һԣľϲ
ʱһĹΪʲôˣΪǵȷܺãҲܵί
һж䶨󣬹ߵ˵ʮպ׼ݵĴҵȥؾڿˣ
˵ͷҺѾˣȥؾڣҺԽԸڹ˴ʦߣؾȥݴ½ˣ
ֻдݴ½ݴ½ͨôݴ½޵߲Żȥ⴫󣬱ȥ޸ã
ԣҲǵһЦҵ뷨ʦһģ

440 

ó󷨣ɽ¼ٵ˲֪飬ؾʱʵҲ֪Լزˡ
һУȷζ£
֪ɽµĿɮǣʵϵıû̫ǵĹȴдȱ˼һȥġ
룬žδĽԨ޴һǰȥԽ¼ڹʦһߵ
ԽʵЩʧҲ뾡Լһȴƺûοʵݴ½Ҫ
顭
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ǧ¾ԼҲû뵽Լƽ͵Ĺ˵ǰŮˣùһ̫ڶĿҲ̫ˣ
ǰǰƢȻҪɱ˹ģŹùȴһĬ
Щɱˣʲôصĺϸ˵Ҫ׵壬ͱˣĹô´αԸ壬Ϊ峤Ȼῴڴңʱ򣬳ԿԼ
ȷҲǻսΪǲŽᣬһأ
һҲŽ𣿡
ʤʵҲΪԵʣҹвٵ壬ãǧ¾ȴûЩЩǧ¾Ҳз˲ٵޣ˹ޣѾˡ
ĻԪˡ
Ҫʲôǧ¾Ĭ˺ܾã˵Ҳ»ڱ
˵ʲôҪ
𣿡ǧ¾ش𣬡ⲻ㣡
ǰңҲû취һǳݴ½ģҿɲ뵽ʱԸ޻ҪԸˣ뵽ʱ峤վһطԸЩޣ˵룬峤ӦûӦҰɣ
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ҵҲܴߣ
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Ӧҵģվǧ¾˵峤أ
Ҳûеǧ¾Լת뿪ˣ·ǧ¾Ŀɿڴˣ
ȷûкǧ¾˵̫ĻΪ֪ǧ¾ʵҲеߣ˵̫δ̫ãǧ¾ⱲӶܳΪĵѣΪҪԸǧ¾̫ˣ
ǧ¾ǸļƵˣļõߣùʮֵľȣ
Ҳǹݶǧ¾ߵڣ
治̫Щģǧ¾ǲǲ̫ã
Ҳ֪ںܼ٣ǧ¾ȥ֤Ǻܺ𣿡˵ǧ¾ȷǸСˣǧ¾ΪˣҲԼһ棬ϲǷ˵飬Ů˵飡
Ǽٵģǧ¾ʧֺʲôϵأǵĹϵͺˣںһЩ
ģôǧ¾Ƿҵ飬˵ʲôҽյĺãҲҪɱң
һЦĶĿôһЦĻţ˯˻ҶҲǺͷ۵ģǧ¾ϵ̫ˣҲûʱȥ̽Щ
ǧ¾һ·ߵ֣˳Ĳ̫˳ˣƣĥһ߼ĵʦͻǧ¾ˣΪ˿ɲʲô飬ԹȻϣìܽģ
濴ŹЦҲƬʧ˵Ĳȥؾ𣿡
֪Σգ롭
֪㲻ǣûҪν˵ؾˣҪﵽڣ㡭
⻰̣ܲҲ㣡
֪ޣռҵĳŮٶϣδǲĹֻתۼ䣬ͳܶࡣ
ΪԼڷܲڸĽԨ޴ĽԨ޴ȴܵڶܡ
ǵġ
ֻǺܲģԼΪ·ϵķ羰ֻ̫ͣá
ǵ𣿡ʡ
ȻͷҼһܺã𣿡
ҲЦ
ʮպ
˴ﵽݣݵȴֹǣвҵˣЩ˶ҪŹһؾ
Щ˴඼Ǵ޽ˣǱͻݴ½ļԲòȥݴ½ȴҲκ˶ĻᣬԹʸʱ׬˲ٵԪʯݡ
׼𣿡Χ˵Ҫˣ
Щ˵ΪͣǶԹȴƴӣ˴ʦˣ
˲䳤ЩǸԼĽŲҲΪ޲󷨣¿ʼת

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ʵҲڹǰɹ˵ҲȷЯԱޣݴ½Ҫ
Խ֪ţһܻԸû̫ˡ
ʵе㲻׹ĽԨ޴Ĺϵ
˵ĽԨ޴͹δޣʵ˵ĹϵȴʮֵĹ죡ƺ԰¶жô㣬ڸϾжôĳٶۣȻĽԨ޴Ҳòȥ
˵ǰ£˵Ϊѣˡ
ĽԨ޴ȥؾڣ˭⡣
ڹϵεĲЩˣʵҶףһؾǻֿ
ĽԨ޴ѾΪʦܸӦԷ壬һ!
Թ˵ǰǵؾʱؾڷɾһƯݴ½ݴ½ֿؾҲ˳׵ĸı䡭ؾޣµޱ㿪ʼ˱죬ʮֵĹŹ֣ʮֵѪ
ЩʮֵĿνȥһҪúõغԼ
ؾڵһжҷɾ裬ŴȺؾȥ
ΧֻϴһȺ뿪һȴѣʧ˴
⴫Ϊ󷨵Ѿʧˣָֻ޹ӣԶԶһҵʯͷİڷһ
Ҳ⴫κ˶Դ򿪵ģɽҲû˼أ
ɣžʣ
ģش𣬡ģ
Ϊûʮİҵݴ½ڣԲδ߱ӡųٹ飬ʶڹ뿪žͺҲѡ˱չأʼúõΪžĻشħҲ׵ʧˣҪͻư˼ĵʦ
иǺûи˵ġ
߼ʦʵͲһˡ
Ҫͻ߼ʦľ磬ֻҪ΢չؼɣǹݴ½ֳĶѡȥؾڶɽ٣
Ȼô챻׷ֻѡϽȻףݴ½ǲͻư˼ʦľģ
ʱڴʱϵѾ׵Ķˣ˶Ҫɢ
ĽԨ޴Ź֣ҪΧķ˺⴫ڵķй뿪ڿصʱ˱д벻ͬķ
صʱΪ׼ľϵһƬӣˤĲء
Ȼ¸ճ˲ή󣬲Ϊʲô˵ǵ
ΧһƬɫâɫĵطΧСӣʲôҪڵðŲٵѩˮ
СС͹˵ֱܲѡ˷ӡԼ
ڹߺΧĹŹֵϢҲڵľϵʧȥϢȷǹŹ֣Ѫζ洦ɼľ޴޵ĹǼܵɢ䣬Χвٷ׭Ĳк
ûаâ壬üͷϷȥ
͹˵ؾΨϷһ鲻ĵطסˣΪ޵Ǳ˷ӡǲܴ룡ҲֻϷΨһǳ
һ·ߣһ߹۲ĵ·һǣΨйŹֵ޳롣
·˼ֵֻޣצɽͷĶ߳Գ򣬻ʮ۾ܡǵƺѾ׵Ĵˣֻ֪һζɱҪϵ
ԸȻûзʲôȴԶԶĿһɫɽ
ɽ˵ǵʬ׶ɵģվԶҲɽֻԶԶŶ˾õҪѪζ̫ˣ΢޵ߣζħ
Ҳˣ
߲ԶԶĿɽϻޣЩ޵ĵȼͣǶԸܷ
ˣԼһ·ޣöԸΪǲȥɽֻ̤ɽʬ޴档
ɽܾãͻȻı⡣
ȥνϷҿЪϢĵطˣȻ͸ȥΣյĵط
ҪȥɽɹʱȴһҪȥƣ뿴ЩΪʲôɽѡȫ뿪
߼޶ǿǵģǵĴϻ۲һˣɽϱضбŻᡣ
ʲôıѡɱҲԸ뿪µĵط
ţ㳯ɽ˹ȥ

442 

Ϊ±޷ڵԹߺӡԼ󲿷ֵ·Ϣ
ǱߺӡҲб׶ˣôĹ۲ûдǰǿˡ
Ҳ¹ǰڴ򶷵ʱѾЩˡ
˸طĿԶһߺ궯֣
λ곤ЩŮЦЦӣԵñ졣
ļܿŷľ˶һʦ¡
¿ǰ꣬˼ַŭ㲻ŷҵ˰ɣ
ǰ⻰˵ʲô˼ôأŷľ˵ôŷҵˣǰɱ
ŷҵôѪҲûħļӦܼҵˣ˵ܼóʬѪΪϱζ
ŷľһߣ۾
Ҳȷŷҵˣֻĸˣŷľ˵Ȼ֪ܼˣ͸ϽѵܼߵóⶫþܼҵĶ͵ߵģ
⻰˵ģҿɾͲϲˣ˵ϵĶǿ߲ӵУӵ˱סôܹң
ʱ򣬹Ҳ׵һЩ
ݴ½ܼҵˣʵǺܶ޵ǶϲĴڣܼҵΪħ年ᣬǵҲ̺㹻ħֲʬ飬˾úǽӴǻΪǵĿܡܼȻҲ֪㣬Ҳѡ棬ôϲ̤˶ĵطǺܼ׸˸ŮŮΪ˱ܣܼҵŮɪ˴ܼҵķ
˵ħµһҪ㹻ѪŻǿ
˭Ҳ֪Ůȥˣʱǲ²ˡ
ɭΪ޺ӽУֻйҶûȥܣΨйⲻ˷١
ܼҵҪؾҲǲֻҪ㹻ԪʯȻҲܾܼҵ˳֣˾ͻŷľŻ֣
޳ܹҹĸ㷢˵ܼңһӶΪܼ£ȻҹĸôӴŷľ˵ҹĸãأȻΪɱҵĹĸ
ҲܹңСҲ룬ܼҵҲ𣿡
¼˵ӽҵģҲȥģܼһӶԸ̤޺ɭ֣ǵ˷ѣҴҲΪã
޳ܣŷľվ꣬ʹΪƤûº̧֣һɺӵϿʼɱҹĸҾɱ㣡
㣿ЦȻѹûŷľ
ȻһŷľĺһΡ
һɵŮʹķɫǰɫɫԵ࣬һͷ췢ԵЩ죬ȴڵסŲգۣһ˫ɫ
֪ܼҵ˵Ŀܣ˵ʬƶɵġ
ǰȻΪͣѾﵽˡ˵һԪӤڵ޵߱Ƴɿܺôʵܴﵽڡ
ȻǰֵŮŵĵԲۣô
һҲŮƺ̫ԣŷľĿܡ
ȻԸΪܣ𣿷ֻأ¾ţ뿪ʱվ˼µķޣûɢĻǣȻҲΪʱ䲻롣
ôҲû뵽ȻΪ˿ܡ
ǹĸԼѡĻǲԸԸֻأöԲܼңԸΪֺſܣŷľ˵ܼΨֺſܣһϵ棬һǹĸ
ֺŵĿƵḶ́ĸҲ˵ΪʲôĸܳΪֺſܣҲضˣ
㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ЩֺܻŵĿûʶģɱô̸̸
Һûʲô̸ģŷļֿ̌ʼӡܼҵĶұضҪȥҲҪߣ
ĸûΣֻҪɱ㣬ôûаЩ࣡
ŷľĶŮһѺɫĳûʶһΪɱ¾¾˹ȥ
ĶѸٵĲһԪӤڵ޵ߣһڵ棬˾ࡣ
¿ʼһҲһѺɫĳ

443 ͬ

ʹľ벻̫ȴɸܵ⽣ħ
˯İȾ˪ҲͻȻüͷ˵ħ𣿡
ǣشȾ˪⽣ȷħģ
Ⱦ˪͸ۣԶ£ü˵ⲻһͨĽ
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ĳطԿףȾ˪̫ϲħϢԱԹ˵лᣬõûʲô
Ҽǵиޣ
ڹĽԨ޴飬Ⱦ˪ǲ̫Ⱦ˪ùĽԨ޴ѹʲôޣҪǰȾ˪ùĽԨ޴֮ǰˡ
Ⱦ˪ʶĺ͹˵ĽԨ޴ʵȻı̫ˡ
ֻΡ
ĽԨ޴ıǹ͸ģ˻ΪµԪʯȴѾ˾ʯˣϵԪʯô
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ĳŷľĿѾ׵ʧȥǣһɱ¾ĻʹʮѪȴû˿£ļãΪܵĴڣŷľͰˡ
ʱΧƺҲ޵ߵĵ
˺͹һһ࿴ŷľ¶֣Ҫ֮
ŷľȻҲЩˣԸµַһٻͬĿܣ³˹ȥƺһҲŷľҲʼŷľһٻܣȻĿΪŲŷľģʤڶ࣡
ֻôһƬġ
ɱ˶ˣŷľеĿܲ࣬඼޵Ը׵ƶɣµĿܣ滹Թ
ɼΪЩܣѡɱٵ޵ǿƶɡ
Щ޵߸ϵΪмǺӵģ
֪¿ų飬˵ŻʱȴԵޱȵݣұ㣡
ЩһֱܼңȴܼһҪŹңôվͲҪҲ
ò˵ȷǸĴڣŲٵѪħΧĿܣƺѾʼ˳ںϣµ
ߣŷľҲ֪Ѳο¡
ѲŷľҲûзһҪɱΪԼĹĸ𣬺ѹûܵΧӰ죬ֵٶֿ׼ǱҲÿ졣
ȻûǣǶȴЩ˽ģڶԸʱѸٵĶ㿪˺ǻĶһһγ³˹ȥ
˫ͰȾ˾綾ָףԶԶʮֵį}ˡ
ָΧɫĹâԵʮֵı䣬ֻôţ֪Ķ
ܼ͵ǱƼˣҲˡ
µվǱŷľģڼԦϣŷľ֪ôúõ˳ֵʱҲû̫ģŷľЩˡ
ⲻ𣿡ǸϸˣϸǾһһһ·ҪҰѵ֪ߵغС𣿡
ܼҺԭǰӦԩ޳İɣŷľԸѾܳˣȻЩܲס
ŷľҲʼˣԼ˵ĳ嶯ٿµʱѡ֣Ӧѡһٵĵطٶ֣һΧۣ
û𣡡ϸ˻ش𣬡ֻҪĿܣ

ŷľû뵽˾ȻԼĹĸɵĿܣЩá
ԸҲûϵΪƷʰϸ˵žҪ֣ʱһĶԸµȴͻȻĵϸߣץϸһγ˹ȥ
ϸƬʧΪ֪ŷľûвٿԸԼ
ֹϷ˾ȣŷľҲžˡ
ܼҵĿûǵģҲ˵ǵʱֱĨǵļ䣬ΪֻƳĿܲŲᷴԼҪǣǲĨܵļ䣬ô߿ܱ㲻һĿܡ
ûвٿԸϸˣϸ˲ץ˻ᣬҪٶȿ죬ôʱʹҲҪˡ
ȴǴˡ
ȴû࣬һֻ֪Ŀܣϸ˺һ󣬿ʼͷܼҵŮͷŵķٻվڻǸɫա
ʶ
˵µͱˣ˵ɣͬʱҪͬѨ
˵·ɹȥϸ˶˱ԱУ

444 

ܼһͬ顣
˵ܼ˵ǿѡͿͬھģ˴ԼĿܡ
ǴʱΪܣԱºϸˣԼѳƬ
ͬһ˺ޣһߣȻû˺ŷľ˼ŷľȴˣΧ۵ȴǲ㶪
һӽڵԱ֪
ԶɽԱɽϿʼ޵½½޳
Ҳˣ˭û뵽ܾȻʶޣϽȥץסŷľѾû˵֮
ȥɽģû뵽ᷢ飬ֻܳϷȥ
ϷʱĽԨ޴Ѿˣȥˡ
˭ʹ
ϸ˵֮󣬲ŶĽԨ޴˵ⶫ㣡
ܼҵĶõˣҵĶˣĽԨ޴˵շѱںһôıҲܴﵽ߼
ĽԨ޴ӵ߼ıĳΪ˽ʥ
ݴ½û漣ĽʥԹĽԨ޴ߵĸһЩ
̫ˣĽԨ޴ΪޣȻ֪ǰǶôصĴڣҲҪ
ţֱ˵ؾںǹ죬Щ׼ȥɽȥҲϣʱһҪչ㣡
⻰ȻһʮֱֵӣȴһˮĽԨ޴ϣ׵ˣ͹м䣬ʼնž룬ÿҪ׷Ϲȴ羵ˮ£ƺܽǾȴǳԶ
ĽԨ޴֪Ϊ׷治ϹĽŲԲŹȥݴ½Ϊ棬ҲΪȥļնûˡ
ˣĽԨ޴˵ңȱչؼ죡
ţѹĽԨ޴գգۣǵñܣ
ĽԨ޴ͷ֪
ĽԨ޴һ棬̲סЦҲܼ֪ҼȻãȻܱס
ĺÿƽյȻﲻ٣ȴ¶ЦݣôһЦĽԨ޴ۣһʱ֪˵ʲô
С㣡ʱ˻˹ĽԨ޴̸ɽǱֵ߳ļ󣡡
ôˣʦ˵
ɽĸ֪˭һλڵѡԱԳ׵ĵɽϵǷ׷ɽϳһźɫľ
ŵħľ
࣬ﵽ˶޺޵ߣ
ħľʲôöⶫȻ㹻һľϵȴǸϲĴڡϹŵʱ˷ӡħ磬ΪħĶȴɼɱɷ˹
ⶫվǱӡסģûӳʲôʵ˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲôѵﻹͨħ
Ϣ˵ȷǸϢ
ȥչذɣҲ֪ϢܲãĽԨ޴ץʱȥ
ĽԨ޴˵ͷ㳯˹ȥ
ĽԨ޴һߣŶ˵ȹ£֣ضʲôףħ壬ôһҪСˣ
ħ˻һܴž϶ΪҪĶ˵ô꣬Ҳ֪ѹʲôûˣϹʱսǵʲôħǵ
˵ͷãһעɽĸĶ
֮Ҳ˵һιɽ飬ŷľʱѾպˡ
ŷľ˼ǰŵˣ΢΢ʧ񣬡ʣǣ
ңתŷľ˭ҪЩˣ
лʦŷľȻ֪ǰ˭ϴŵ·ȴ֪ģɽ¿ɮĴš
ЩɮĴԿգѹûʲôֵǮĶҲûʲô
ŷľ˯ӺС͸СܿһƬС̲ݵأŷľƬʧʲôӣȻ֪ģȻɫľ⵹ЩŷľԤϡ
ŷľĬһҪ顣
ĸԱΪľǱȴȥﶼ֪ŷľԼֱ̫ûˣЩɥ
ֲ֪ôѯʣʱ˽˵ɽǱߣۼ˺ܶˣؾڵˣȥǱߣ
ʦǹҲҪȥˣ

445 

ŷľǵһμ
ɽµסĶǿɮЩȫӣɽҲƲŮӣΨһһλɽеˡ
ʮֵĵĮ˵ʱһɾǧ֮ĸоŷľһ۾Ϳˣ
Ȼθؾڵˣδ˵Ǽʹ˵Ҷ֪ܸڹߵģԲǷ֮
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ȻԼ
ؾڲʲôõطܼҲȷĸ߹ŷľؾںΣգȥݴ½ĴҲվǴûаݣ
ȥݴ½ôɽµɮҲٴλǺܺõ
ŷľ˺ܾòŶԼ˵˵ϹŵʱЩؾڣνʵţؾܵݴ½ôұ취뿪
ܼնˣЩܼңδ񶾵飬ҲƵҩֻǡ
ݴ½Ķţǵϣǲῴѵģԣұȥݴ½ϵŵˣ
ŷľ˵ǿЦңҲȥؾڣĸ𣡡
ŷľҲ֪Լʵޣһ뵽ԼܺõĹĸµϣȻʮֵķߺ޵ģԣĸĸף
֪ʲôҲŷľᶨ˵ֻĸ
ΪŷľĹִܼվǸŪŷľ˵ؾڵľϣҲֻܼҵ˲
ҵ˶֪ݴ½ղᰲȣܼȻҲ㣬ԿʼѰȥİ취
ŷľԼ˵µĶ֣ȫԼͺã˵ؾ˶ݴ½һĸ֣ò͸
˵Ǹܴ漣ŮӣǹԸæĻôյܼһϣ
ʱŷľ˼ĻֹɽŹ˶ŹôΪʲôҲȥأ
Ҳȥɣŷľ˵лʦҵΪԸΪʦЧȮ֮ͣ
ŷľ΢΢üǱߺΣգ
ؾұ֪Σգŷľ˵Ҳη㣡
ŷľҪˣŷľϾǹȻģԱ˵ͷðɣ
߳˷ź󣬱˹
Щÿնȥɽ̽ľͲ̽һЩ
ɽ޵ʬǶģﶼأЩ޴඼ĲģԹҲС
Щ޵ĵȼͣΪҲǵѪҺγһСĺ
룬һöѪʮʺħ̲Ķ
ǲ֪ѪʲôΪݴ½ѹûмعѪļ¼ǰȾ˪ʲôģ֪ѪԭصĶ
ҲѹħĶ
ѪҪǧԹѪҺɣѪǱħõˣħضӣȾ˪߹ѪʵħıǸϽ
ȻҪ˼
ѪֹҪħ˶Ҫǿ˴󣬴˹
ħҪЩôưոݣȻԸѪ͸ħˣɽһֱڻɱ˭ҪΪһõѪˡ
ħ޴Ĳɿ޵ҲûţΪ̫ʺˣΪ޵ߣ޷ѪԵûвȥƴҴ
Ҫ뿪طȥݴ½
С㣡ŷľߵǰ˴񣬡л֮
֮ͣ˵ȻŷľԼ䡣
ŷľѹû飬ֱ˵ҿԺ͹С˵һЩ𣿡
΢΢һȻԣ
ȹŷľٴνСӺŷľóһݸѾħ˴ˣЩħʮֵնóܶƺܼ˽صĶ͸С㣬Слᣬܻܼһ
ܼҵϺħĻ˶ţƵĵҩħãԺħܼң
ܼǱסģΪݴ½ܼңǱ壡
ЩǵҲֻ˷ѣ
ŷľҵĻҲ΢΢Ŀĳŷľ֪Ѿ飬ŷľû

446 

ŷľʣ֪˵ʲô𣿡
ܼҵĶ͸ңǱܼң
ŷľ򣬼ʹԶԶĿҲ֪ѾЩˣЩܼҰ򱣻ĺܺãĺۼȴԶ׼
ŷľȻû˵ҲԼԼĸ˹аĶǹҪĿͱӵ
ԣڵŷľóʵҲں͹ף
ЩŷľȻĶԼע
ûбܼңҲǼ˼ŷľ˵Ǹ̵ģڵ麯ܼдŵź
ǹСܵݴ½ź͵Űɣ
ŷľЦҵʵޣ뾡ܣܼܹİһЩܼȻƿܣȴûʲô캦飡
ܼҵȷţļеܼҵʱ򣬶һмܼҵ˼ֱǶ񶾵Ĵڡºŷľ̸ʱȴûܼҲûôɶ
ʵܶϿʮֱ޵ߣܼҸ£Ϊʵ˭ָ˵ԼûСأ
ȷҪѶң˵Ҳûа취֤ȥݴ½
ŷľ˵С㶼ȥȻǸûϣˣҲ󷨸׭ԡ
ŷľڹǰСӦҰɣ
룬ǴӦŷľҾ
ŷľŹվһݴ½кö˲ǹҲʲôգħĶֹܼУʵҲеģȻµĶʵ٣Ըͳȥ飬δػգΪǸŶˣϾͿԿǸܲˣŹԲԿ
ŷľȻҲ֪û취飬ʹҲδܱס
ؾڲֹħˣħĶǲûȥǲܵģ䱣סջῴϣάܼҺͶţ
ŷľ˵ƵҩƶʱʵҲʮֵ˳֣ȻֻǴţô˭Ҳ֪
νĶʵʺ޵ãǸʺޡޡһЩõģȻʺϵĻЩûʶĿܣ
Զŵȴܸһ뿪ݴ½Ҳԭģ
˵󣬹ŷľɽȥ
ɽֳĶΧ޵Ƕۼ˹ҲͬʱҷΧ˴Ŀ
ڴ͵ʱ򣬴Ҽߣ֪Լ˭ڴڱ׷ɱĹҲ¶ԼӣҲαװˡ
ɽϳ˸ħƺȤ˼ˣ͹̸ﳤ̫ˣ
һȴֻ۾ԳЦȴߵβͺצӣ
˵Źѽ
סŵһС˭Ҳ֪飬Сȴ߹ȷϢһħ
С͹˵ʵͣҲܺͳǱȼ֣СϢҪܵԶԶġ
Ϊӡ֤Щ˵ĻͻȻڿնɨβֻɨڵأߺ򶷵ħ壬ҲĶŵһ
ǲںɽµ޵һž˹ȥӶھϣ˭Ҳܽӽ
˶֪Ǿĳ
ϲϲЩĶԴҶȥʲôöΧ޺ħǰߣǶܣҲʼηٽӽ
˵¹⣡֪˭˵һ䣬˵£ǲֻͨݴ½Ĵ󰡣
˵ĺеҲʲô
һȥɱɣ
ҶҪɱͬʱҲҪ£һ𣬻֤бһҪָ
ΪʦȻҲܿ͸ȷд󣬿Ĵδͨݴ½ġ
ЩȥΪó󷨡
˵ɣ
ΧôҲû뵽ȻƺΪҪǹȻ˵Լ£ݴ½һȻẦһ⻰˵ȥ˭أ
Ǿù޷ЩŲԸǺѣ

447 

ȷԸЩ˺Ϊ漯һģ඼СˣЩοΣյؾڣǲԸѱ󽻸Щ˵ģ
ؾڣ͸¶Ź죬ͻȻֵħ;˷˼
ûкһŰæҪɽɽɽһȦһȦĲŷľ̲סѯС㣬ﲻ𣿡
ʵŷľΪȹͣճӦƹΪһ˴ʦƺŷľԣƺЩ̫Զˡ
ŷľһʵܼ򵥣ڹźϣܼҲܵõշݴ½ЩһŷľһƺΪС㡣
ڱʾ뷨Ǻһġ
ȻûʦΪҲûļʶ㣬ȴҪڹߣ
ŷľСʱܼȥŷңΪĸ׵Ҫʱ޷ǶҪСĸСĸԱһִҲˣܼһĿܣҪֲ
ʹڹȥҲ˿ԥġ
ֻҪܻܼҵİȣΪܼҵжʲôηأ
Ҿܹ죡óĦģԶŷľ˼Ҳ֪һʶŷľҲûʲôϷȻѾٻˣǻһЩϢϷһͨݴ½
Ǿ棬Ҳһ󣬿ǲͬǣƺǿԴģ
üͷ˵ǲ§žţҲ֪ʲô˻ᴫ
ŷľһ㵣Ҳû뵽Ȼй¶ô࣡
ϷȻǿҪѰǿҵһۼģͨݴ½ĴʱǸԱɢģѹ֪λӣڹؼʱ뿪
ھ
ŷľɫ䣬ôǾ
ⲻħĶ𣿡
ֵĵطضսңΪϲ飬޻޵ߣĶϲ˵ǻôȥˣҲûɶǿűԵġ˵Ǹʹӡˣȴ֪飬һһ֣ŷľļǸ䲻Ĵڡ
С˼ǣĴͨħģŷľ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
룬Ӧð˾Ųʮɣ˵طǰ˵ǸܸԣؾطĴ̫ˣݴ½ݴ½ħˣ
û˵ҲΪٵĴǱߣȷ޵Ϣ
ΪԣˮӶ
ȻȻΪս
귢սұضħĴս˭ûõýħֻһ΢СĴ󣬶һݴ½ֱӱ˴
ЦǣһĴﱻٵģݴ½ĴȴǱԼ˻ٵġ
ΪЩݴ½ˣȥݴ½ǵԴ
޵ߴ˽˭ҲԸѺúõԴͣԽҲǿ֪
ħȻûзطȻҲˡ
²ħЩһֱڿطҪطҪĶħʲô
΢΢üǣѪ
ѪʲôĶ˵ħҲҵһѪطħҲУԹҲ٣սҵһһĴڣѪҲʲôֵ顣
հȾ˪˵ѪѾˣΪʲôħûأ
벻ףһʱĶ̫ڸӡ
Ȼȥɣߵ˵룡
ȺٴλСڣҲͰȾ˪һŷľ򣬶ҵ˴𰸡
ԭѪΪ֣һͨģһǼƷģһֱǻʼġ
Ⱦ˪˵ħҪģضǻʼѪɡ
˵ʼѪǿЯħ޵ĸħ˱ôҪѪʲôأ
Ⱦ˪ЦħϵˣҪѪɣ

⻹˵׼
սʱħĻ˵ķǳأ˵ħĵⳡսڣҲ˺صˣǿ϶ħ˻ȥ
ϾǴţⳡս۵ˣΨйߵİȾ˪

448 

Ⱦ˪ȻҲԼĲ²ŵĿɿڴڹ࣬ôأ
ڰȾ˪ļħĵǸ꣬ٷ磬ǹȴʮֵı壬߱ɱ˲ٵĳϺڵ˲ߵ˵λϡ
Ⱦ˪;Զ֣Ϊǿһݴ½϶
ʱΪʥŮȻЩħˣ˸ذ
ò˵Ⱦ˪һֱΪԼΪԤԵʱԺܳȻҲõȥһ£ͽδȻ֣Ҳ뿪ݴ½
ߵʱʮֵŰȾ˪˵ɣһ֣
ҳ꣬һһѩյĳ裡
ʱİȾ˪֪ԼֵľԣħڼʹΪ˵ȴҲûг꣡
δȻȻҲľԻݴ½ϾǺħǶģδȻļħûһö
Ⱦ˪ǲģž޴ǿط϶ַȴҲԪˣ´Ҫݴ½Ҫˣ
ֻҪúõضηԣ
ټȴڼ󡭡
ʱؾڷʲôȾ˪ȷֻ̫֪֪ħ˴ܣһҲòҪ޵ҲԪˡݴ½ݴ½ҪǿзֿȻԸ⣬Ա㶪
ڼȷ˵ľһ϶
ǿռ϶ԺֹҪԪˣǻ˺صƣѾʧȥ˺ܶħ
ôѪȷֲԵĺöǻʼѪǸԷãã
ħȻħѪϾԹĽ壬ڼ޵ѪҺħǻ¡˵һɱ˲գ۵Ŀܣ
ħĵǿ϶ʵҲ뱣ȫħһЩˣЩҪҵѪָҲǺ顣ǣ
˵Ѫɱ˵Ŀܣôաս
һɱԵĵһʧȥǵĵǻᱻѪ׵Ŀơ
ĵģȾ˪Ҳס
ѪħȾ˪֪飬ֻѪĽԨ޴õġϾǸ飬ҲǿõѪڷѪõ
ҪõѪôףʹǰȾ˪ԼҲûаܶԸôıޣ
žĹڵȷ̺ѪҺʵ൱ĸλĳϣħ˺Ϊ϶ߡֻǶԸȾ˪һ취ɽϣȴıޣɽ¸вٵ޵ߣЩûа취
ڲ壬Լ׵ĸ˹ʵʵԼǰʢʱ򣬲ʮǧûаա
Ⱦ˪һξ˵Ҫֹݴ½ݴ½ֿһ
ֹȾ˪ҧ١
˵ֱȥӡеĴ󣬿ǷӡĴôֹл궼ûˣҲǲ֪ˣҪǹҲᱻӰ죡
Ȼ֪ԼתӽӴȾ˪Ҳ𽥵ףǹѾǹȥˣϲ͹˵ȣҲһЩȻܶʱҲϰ߹ҲòϣڴЩ飬ı˺ܶ࣡
ӡҲδãȻ֪Ⱦ˪ʲôأ
ħǷɱ¾ǿд򿪴ģᱻʲôӡӰ죡
Ⱦ˪üûˣ
ûнӻܻ٣ǵͻٵˣϹŵʱĶⶫûпʼǣȻǸ鷳Ĵڡ
׼ȥɽϿ˵һߺҵһ֮С·ȥˣʲôɫ
˵Ƕ˵ͶħˣҾòģ
ʧȥǣôžþ뿪Ҳħأض֪ʲôȥ̽һϢ
ϾħˣȾ˪ǲʵ
Ҳ壬˸߸ϣħضԭģοȾ˪СҲˣȥĻӦûʲô⣡
ǲ²ٶ࣬Ҳվǲ²⣬ȥΪʲôôģã
˵԰ɣһᱣԼģа취뿪Ǳߣ

449 ɽ

Щӣؾ޵ǶΪۼһǶΪµĴͨݴ½Ψһڣ
в˶ȥҹæ˭Ҳû뵽չ뿪ҪҹȴЩˣ
ټؾҲ֪ԥ˺ܾã׼ԸŹֵ
޺ħҲԸϵ˿ڵ洦ɼ
˭Ҳû뵽޵߻ǱȱޣħˣûܺŹֵɲھϣ˭Ը뿪Ҫǿд򿪾´ˣҪôŹֵˣҪôͱ׵ĸˣ
޵Źֵûа취Ѿİ취ˡ
ݺҹɫĵɽϣ˿ûоɽµ޵ǡ
ɽȻû޵ߣȴ޺ħˣԹÿһҪߵļСġ
ȹʱΧȴмħ۷׷ס
˵𣿡˵Ϊħ˾͹ˣ˭֪Щ޵߸ݣΪǿд⴫׼ˣ
⻰ʲô˼ôƷѾħħĶȴǵȴͨǸ
޵׼ѡԱԪӤںͳϳڵԱ̫ǿˣҲˣʱǱԺ޵һǿдͨ
ֻҪͨʥŮܹˣߡ
ˣǽжѵǣǵĻǱô죡
ͷİɣЩ޵ܲħѾɽЪϢˣɽϳǵ˱ֻһȺçײޣû˵ʲôģ
ѵǵȴܲģҲҪСģЩ޵߸գԱ֪ǵĹжôˣǻСһЩħԺҪֻܳɹʧܣ
֪ˣ˸ͣСžģöСǣ
һСվ˳ʾԶž֤ʲô⣡
Щ˵ĶԻͰȾ˪Ĳ²ȫûдģµĴȷħͨΨһͨħȴħԣƫƫҪþסΨһڣĹִʮֵĹŹ֣˭Ҳ֪ʲôħ˶ǷӣôǾЩ޵ߵǺ˽
Ա˲ٶᣬֻأ
һ޵޵ԪӤѾʮֵˣû˭ԸһΣùͷһΣҲδģߵڵز
Բ򲻵ѣ˭ҲѡԱ
Ϊ˶ԸȻѡ˳ԱϢĶùãЩΪʲôĳ
ߵСҹɫֱŤĲӣȻĻǣΧӺ󣬲ŷųԦ䡣
ԦǿԿ޵ģԦѾﵽԪӤڣЩҪɸԪʯڹ׼Ĺ֣ȻĲ֪ȺԦô죡
Ԧǿ޺ħ˶֣ðСӣߵ˾ǰ
ھϵħŵΧĶ󣬱̧ͷ
ȻֻܴΪ˲סӱС˲١צذףεץס֦!
ϲѪ⣬ʱľȻûǣȴѾʼҪŹֵˣֹ˹Ҫֹħ
Ȼû뵽ħ˾ȻߵǰĻһˣ̧צҪԸǰˡ
С˳εӣǰ˴˵ǰ˲ħˣֻǰ⣡
Ҳû뵽⣬Ȼ˴ڣһʱҲ΢΢ʧ
˵ˣھħЩߺޣǻ֮壬ǲɱ㣿
ħŹ񣬺ķһܵѪ
СϽ֣ǵģǵģ˾ȳģ
СħԼ飬һ˵ַ嵱ĴңħҲ𽥵İ
СɤۣϾһ۵˵ʱҲû̫߼ħ׾ٵĿС˵Ķġ
С˵ǰԻشҵ𣿡
ħǰĹĬƬ̲˵ʲôʰɣ
лǰСһƺħΪǰǰôħأΪ˷ֹħ߶𣿡
ʵʹħҲᱻģ

450 

߽󣬱ܸܵħϵϢΪôħǸ߳һصĺ棡
ߵڣݴ½Ҳҵ֣ؾ㷢Ի
ǰħʹħҲǸĴڣѡħΪĻΪȷʺħ
ħƺش⣬ԥƬ̲ʣڻش֮ǰܸܲңǰݴ½ؾڣ˻Żȥ
ؾüʲôؾ
ħ˵֮ǰݴ½ĳؾСı϶˱ħʥŮݴ½϶ȴݴ½ĳؾؾڵһֵһȥݴ½
ˣؾи˽ʲôųٹ飡
ħŹӣ̾һųٹ鳤ģе񣡡
⡭ɺϣҲû뵽ϾȻɺϵڣħ˵ųٹ飬ĸף
ħȻҲû뵽Լ˵һ֣ȻǰŮĸף
Ҳųٹ飬Ⱥȥݴ½ֲСı͵ΪؾڵٻһλصؾڣʱǵúųٹŲٵ޵ߣһλ˫Ŀʧꡣ
üĿڵȵˣŻ꽻̸
ûи㣬Ƿ񻹻ţħʡ
üĸס
Եĺħҵĸ׵ʱĸѾ˳˯ǲȥݴ½ѰҵҩôĸױȥؾڣҲҪҵͨݴ½ĵ·
ħԣȴǿЦͨݴ½ĴѾ˲٣
֪ҿ޸ħݴ½ͨĴԼ޸ģħʮֵľϲ
ʹܻٴ𣿡
Ȼܣ֪ħνĻٵô򵥣Ҫ׵ıǣҪʦ΢Ĳãǻܳ׵
ħȻЩùæ
ΪųٹŮźųٹһϢħԹû̫ķġ
ħûи߹񵽵˭ƺޱȵִȴûи߹ͽĹ£ƺǵĹҲҪ֪
ħԶĸ˹µľŴ͵ħĴħ޷ϣܳ׵ҵħϢħ˲ܴԸħģȴ񣬶뱣һЩ
ùħıǣħ߹ħĵʵѾ˻ԣħһжħĳϺʥŮ˵㡣
λʥŮĹǸѪģ˵ʥŮԳǰȾ˪ת쵼ħģħ˶İȾ˪ʮֵĺã
ֻð䣬ħע⵽ʥŮȷб£ΪҲͣе˶һʥŮ
ʥŮҪĶȴűˣҪ
Ϊ̫ˣҪ͵ñѴһ£ħвٶʦ
ħȻʥŮʶֱþӡס˴
þǿǿд򿪴ģ˭û뵽ħԶޡħˣ޲ðƤ
ħǲںֻǲʥŮ׵Ŀħ壬ҪħΪŮѹǰȾ˪ת
Ⱦ˪ĹŲ˵Ѫˣ
ɱ
һֵ˹
ԦȻܼԦޣȴʮֵķʱ޺ħ˴򶷵ڼ侪ɽµ޵ߣ޵ΪҲǸûᣬԳҹɽħ
֪޵Ҫʲôߵħ˵תЩ޵ǵһӣҪչ˺Լ
ϵ˿̫ˣóһЩҩħЩҩˣʱ£
ħʹж𣿡
ҡͷûУ
̫˷ˣЩҩǶôħϵЧʵãȻҲЧǻ˺ܶ࣬Ϊڶħ
˷ѣ˵Ҳǿ̤߼ʦˣҡ
˵ʲôħץסҩƿӵצ΢΢һצڵĵҩƿڵϣΪ߼ʦˣ
ĸųٹ飬ҲǸĵʦҵʱһȺΧųٹ麰ʦħΪݴ½ûʲôĵʦˣϾĵʦȥݴ½
ǰСȴѾΪ߼ʦˣ
ʹݴ½ҲǸĴڣˣЩ£òĵˣ

451 

˵ˣߵ޵ǰ˵Լ֪ħΪʲôˡ
ѪʵȴҲ˶֪
ֱӵй¶ѪĴڣԲŻħͨħĴϣСһЩ
û˵˿ѯʣλӡ
֪ЩδػĻ˵ǷùԹҡͷü˵֪Щħ˰Ѵص̫ˣҲ
ﲻֹͨݴ½Ĵ󣬻ͨ޽硢ħݴ½ĴΪڶĴ󶼾ۼҲѷֱ棡
仰ʲôȺʦҲ˹Ļ
Щ˵վǸʦվǲ̫Զľ룬Թ˵ҲλӣǷš
˭Ҳû뵽ǰȾ˪̵ģֻҪԸ⣬󷨱Ѹٵ׷ٶȡ
ֻЩ˲֪ʱ˹Ļ
Ѫô϶ĶڣһʱҶûȤȥԸħȥѰΪǺݴ½жΣգǱ뾡ʵȻʹҵ˴󣬴͵ݴ½Ҳվ·һںúõռʹСȥ޽ħ磬ҲǱԱ׺󣬱㿪ʼħҲû뵽ֱӻ˵Ѫ飬һʱҲˡ
λӺѪλȫͬΪֹЩ޵ߣͱ뿪ʱܴ򿪴ˡ
ЩһߣȾ˪ʹ֪òѪ
òߣ˵ѪױߣôħʥŮҲҪһˣħĶϵħС޵Ҫõ̫ڵˣ
Щˣûһ߼ʦѪĽ綼ƿʱòѪģ
Ⱦ˪˹ؼĴʱ
ԣʱ˵ʦѪǿĺöҺѱ֤ЩˣʦѪҺȥǿƿѪԴĽ磡
ؾԼĳ˵飬֪Щ޵ߵĹʲôӵģôܲѪĶһĶˣȻҪǿõѪ
һЩ˵ȡ棬ǶԣֻҪԼϣûйϵġ
Ⱦ˪΢ЩȣϹʱڵʱʵܶԶûôӣǰȾ˪ĬƬ̣û˵ĵطͻ鲻ӣΪûвͽȥҲûзĴڡ
ħϵˣͨĵҩôʵΪЩҩǸ޵õģȾ˪˵Ҫ׵ȬҪ
ǶƷͨĵҩȫһģΨһͬĵطǶҪ𣡡
ΪʦҲӦ֪һЩڶ飡
ͷ˵
ݴ½ѾûƶˣΪЩҩϾʺϸ޵߷ãǹڶЩأҲЩ鼮Ǽ˶ļ¼ģǵ
ҪƵҩıҪ볢һƶȴûʲôʲôĵ
ŷľϾܼҵˣȾ˪˵һỰЩˣһǵһЩ̫ߣʺ㣡
ҵȻд㣬гһӦûϣǡ
Ⱦ˪ĿŹ㻹
ʵĴڣڰȾ˪ǲӦôڵĶȾ˪ĹԶ壬ƺֻӦְɫĴڣɫǲʺȥġ
Ⱦ˪ĶɵģȾ˪ദ꣬ǿħޣԶЩҲѺá
Ը߹ЩѾ˺ܴˡ
Ⱦ˪ʵǺƣΪ鲻ΪȫĴڣѾܲˣ
ҲǿȰȾ˪Լ飬ǵ˵ͷл
Ⱦ˪֪ǴˣԼǲԸ飬ҲԼǼľڹϵĲл꣬Ҫյ࣬ԹĶֻҪ̫֣Ⱦ˪ȻȾ˪ԹҲмͣùתںܶ϶ܴĺܺã
²ⲻȾ˪ȫ뷨صСŷľ˶顣
ŷľҲû뵽Ȼʹڶ飬Ͼݴ½ʦ𶾵ˡ
ʦĹƶˣʵ޻ħˣЩѹһʦ

452 

ŷľǷһĴڡ
ǰŮòȥս뼰ǣϵƺƳһЩۼûƣ˭ΪǰСһս޵ߣȴ޹
ʵϹѾˣΪΪļ죬ͣʮһ꣡
ŷľݴ½ûһ˻δ꣬ѾΪ˷ڵ棬Ψйһߵⲽ
ҪǹֹˣһԽ˺磬ߵҲΪһ˵õõ˺ôƩĽԨ޴档
ʵƵ鵤ǲһġŷľĵĺ͹˶γɡ
ʵ޷Ǹ׵Ĺ£һ츳ʦһħŮħŮ˷ݺ˺صˣҪܶħֲŮ᲻뿪ʦҲԸٻħ壬žʦߵ
ʦʱѾŮˣȻҲϣߵıԼ磬о˶
Ƕŵ濪ٶŵĹ£ŻΪŮվЩ˵УܼҵЩһ޵ǣʵħ˻Ҫ£ӴҲ鵤רо
ܼҵվˣʱܼҵ˰һ
λ飬ŷľҲֻۣǺ͹˵ħŮδɱˣһĲǣħˡ
ħ޵ǵǶǣ޵ʵҲûϾħ˵ȷɱ޹ġ
ԣȴȡ
Щ˾ø۵ĶЩȴԸִԲͺñЩϲЩϲһģû˵˭˵ʹ˶ԹħŮһʦ˭֪ܼҵڵһ̣ĶԼ󣬶ԹԼûбӣʵŵĴڣѾ֤ĸ飬Ǻʯõġ
Щŵ鼮ŷľЦʵЩҲƶֻⷽ棬Ǻܴ
ʣǼʦ
ʦŷľϽ֣ܱʲôʦǿƶĶĶȻжݣҵʵ
ŷľ˵ŻóһЩݸЩҩһЩͨĶ
㻻һЩݺͶ֪ҪƳǻҪٵʱ䣬øϽħȬ
óһЩļĵҩݸŷľЩ𣿡
ŷľ㵵ĿŹΪóļҩ˲弶ĵҩЩҩûһƷģǼõĵҩЩʹǵݴ½Ҳ͵ļ۸񣬱ϾȻݴ½дİ˼ʦڣЩ˶ǱһĴڣٻ˵ǰ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ŷľϽ֣ʵĲֵʲôԪʯģ
ڹŷľȻǲϾùշݴ½ܼң
Űɣ˵ںҪҲܰģ
ŷľִţҲپܾʲôһó˲ٵĶȻƷʺܲĶʤࡣ
ŷľ˵ĻȻܲǶҲ٣ҿȥɼһЩһЩ
ˣŷľ˵鷳ˣ
ŷľϽ֣ⲻ鷳һҲ鷳
ŷľԼҲû뵽ݴ½ܼܿ۵ĶһĶȻڹﻻ˶ĺôñöʯһѻƽһ˷˼
ŷľԼԼƵĶĸ飬ȻܼҵһĶôܻôĶأ
ŷľŵҩصݴ½˵Լ˶ôһ⡣
ΪйļŷľȥɼݣҲŶȥħ
ħȻҲû뵽Լڵһ仰ȻϣҲΪĴڣЩӶûԸҲû
Щļ𲻸ߣ࣡˵ЩһЩϣӿȬ
ڶҲûΪȫûıҪ
ڹãħվǽˣ˵ݴ½뿪ķǱҲǵˣ
гһ߳飬㳯űһֱ߰ɣ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻ£ͨݴ½Ĵ
ʱȴ뿪Ҫ飬ûг׵
л˵ʱ뿪ϣߵʱȬ
ԣɣ

453 뿪

ؾڵ˶ΪѪɱʱȥΨйŷľרĵƶ
ŷľĺܼ򵥣Ϊʧȥ˹ĸĿܺ󣬻ụ̂Լǲؾʲô
רƶ͹ȡһЩҩ
ʱȥݴ½а취ˣ
ⵤҩݴ½ݴ½ǼֵĴڣ˭ֻҩأ
ŷľѹȥעνѪռ˲ٵĶݸ
ؾΪĶȻߣȴǼá
Źʼѧϰƶ֮ǰĵ¯Ȼǲˣŷľбõĵ¯ʱĽԨ޴Ҳˡ
ΪϼصĶĽԨ޴Ѿ׵Լıںһˡ
ĽԨ޴Ϊħ˲ٵ
ŷľǵһνĿĽԨ޴һֱ˵δǸòڵ꣬뿴ţһʱҲƬʧ
˶ϲõĶŷľȻҲ⣬ЩŷľٵˣȴûһĽԨ޴Ÿ߲ʵϢʹЦҲһ־ǧ֮ӣ
ĽԨ޴ķɫļףһɱϢΪǽ޵ĹϵΪԵøĽԨ޴һ˫տɫ۾ǰƯĺˮװ˽ȥһȸɾִơ
ⶾҪضĵ¯ĽԨ޴ŹЩѵĵ¯˵ʲô𣿡
ŷľϽֵ¯ĽԨ޴ĺ棬ʱʱʳһЩԼɻ
ȻŷľôҲû뵽ֻһҹʱ䣬ĽԨ޴¯ѾΪ߼ʦˣƳĵ¯ʵȴҲܺ߼ĵ¯ȣ
ŷľĵ¯һʦʦǲԸƶĵ¯ģΪǷܼҵ飬ԲŻᶯ֣ݴ½ֹʦǿƶˣʦʦҲˣ
Ҳ̫ˣŷľĵ¯ҲǸʦֵĶȻȲĽԨ޴øĵ¯
ûʲôƵģһĽԨ޴˵ҲƶҲ˷ѣŷ£ﾡã
ŷӾòãһЩҰɣҶЩҲȤ
ŷľ֪ĽԨ޴ԶʵûʲôȤģô˵޷Ǹһ̨¡
ŷľĽԨ޴ִţּ˵ͷⵤ¯
ò˵ĽԨ޴ĵ¯ȷ֮ǰĵ¯˺ܶ࣬ⵤ¯һЩ׭Щ׭ۼĸ죬Щ𽥵תΪҪĶһĵ¯ĹЧأ
⵽һʲôˣô˵
ŷľʱѹνˣܰ¯ûܼңضˣ
ܼҵʵܷӳ̫ʵ¯ȴܼҵõٵĺô
ĽԨ޴ҲŷľһȥɼһЩݣҲΪһ̫࣬Ҳ˽
ѪȤҲȥ޵һѰôƽѪԴˡ
òٵ޵߶ò졣
ѪĴ𣿡˵ɲʲôӣȻѪûаȤ˵Ϣǲƭţ
ǲǴǲۿѪ𣿶Ѫ죬ֻԴĽ磬ǲƿѣ
ǣ˭֪ѪǲٵأϾΪнĹϵҲѪĶ
û취˵˵̫࣬ʱȥѪǼ٣翼Ҫôɣ

Щ˵뷨Ȼ֪ΪʱרоΪԭѾƳĶˣŷľɵۣ
ܼȻҲвĶЩ˶˺ܳܳʱ䣬ɹȴ£ֱƳĶڶţҲǸܵĴڡ
ƳĶŷľѾ̲˹ʲôˣֱӵ˵ԼΪˣҲû˵ʲô
ûڶĵҲɸ֮ʶֻܶһЩĶħ
ħҲû뵽˿죬ڷЩѾ׵ĻָΪʵѾٶʲô˺
л㣡ħԹ˵ٹգҪ̫ƽˣ
ü˵ħҪǿд򿪴𣿡
ħͷΪѪҪˣħȻ⴫ȻСȴҲǿмҡ
ħԹ˵Ҳסǹģ
Ĳϣħõ

454 

Ҳû뵽ħȻ˵ִš
ǸϲǷǵˣȴ̲סʳһ䣬αأ
ҴӦһˣħõѪħ˵ҴӦ˾Ҫ
üħҲΪˣ
ţħش𣬡ҪʵȻҪһЩ
룬ǶԹ˵һħĴͨݴ½ĴҲֱӴ򿪣Ӧÿֱȥݴ½
㵽ǱߵĻܰҴһ𣿡
ͷȥұض
ǰǣûţȻҼʹˣôأ
ħ˵ʲôֻҪҴһ仰ĳŵСˣ
Ĭ˻ᣬǽ𣿡
ţħȻ֮ǰ͹֣ȴϸĶˣ
㵣ݴ½Ҳ󣿡
УħЦݴ½һȺݴ½ˣֲҪǣЩ˱ݴ½˸
⣡
뵽ʲô˵飬ħʮֵľɥͷͼҪ͵ںһˣӣҲˣ
޵ΪĴڣǹǲԸħ˾ġʹǰģѾ׵Ϊħˣ˿һҪɱġνĺڰ׶
ݴ½ʱҲγɵͺ߽ƾʧһҲǰȻҲûٸ鷳ϵȴʲôҲҿսʱҲһΪӣˣʲôԣ޷Ӳˣ
ڹ˵ʵȲ塣
Ҳδ
Ҽǰضת˵Ҹϣȥǰ
㷽Ҳ˵ǰǲһģû취ѡ飡֮ҪύʲôѣҪôߵ飬ǿѡģ
ħԣ͵ͷ΢΢̧𣬡ڰο𣿡
ǣ˵ѵֺ֪ķӦ𣿡
ħЦ룬ұҴӦ飬Ҫ֯ħ˹
ʵ˵⴫󲢲ǲԻ٣ֻҪһæ
ħԣ˵
⴫ͨħģħҲԱޣ˵ʱֱӿͨΪԹˣһЩ޹ȥЩԱʱ˻˵ģ
ħʥŮʵܸߣֻ˵
ֻҪħʥŮˣôħĵʱȣϾҲƲʲôˣ
һٻģħҲܹ
Ϊʦ̫Ҫôٵһˣ˵ʮֵš
һ٣Ǳȥݴ½ݴ½˷㣬ҵСҲڣ
ħһʱסһףС֮ǰ
ãħӦһ㣡
ħ͹Ҫôħ˹׵ɱϣʵܼ򵥣ħװ֧ŲסҪ򿪾ħȻȻǱֱӼ
ħħ˶֣޵Ȼ֣ѪǱҲˣʱĽԨ޴ԲٿȥѪΪѪϵħ̫أԵ֮ߺֱӷӡ޾ȵݴ½ٴ
һжƻˣħҹȻ˵ĽԨ޴ȥѪص޵취ߣ֮ĽԨ޴Ϊ˳õѪ
ѪߣɽʼζˣΧ˲ŷѪѾˡ
ɹҲѹЩ˻ᣬħǱߵҪ͹Ҳʼż
ֱӼԦűޣħѾһ𶪽˴Ȼץסεħֱ֣Ա󣬺ħֱתط뿪˴Χ
¡¡һһ
ɽǱһʼ׹䣬ĽԨ޴ΪƲѪħļ
ֱӷѪְĽԨ޴ħ󣬴ͨݴ½Ĵȥ
һ˵СģҪˣ
ҪߣΣиŮ𣬡Ҵߣɱ⣡
һִѾǷڵ棬ȴɱѹûа㷴ۿ־Ҫץ߹Ҳһֱ֣ӽӳһơ
ߣȾ˪ͺ
³һͷѪֱ뿪ˣȴûŮȵȾ˪㻹ţ

455 

εȷǹˣû뵽ħʥŮʵȻȴĻҪʥŮֹǺڣǽ˴ˡ
޵ߵ߾˵ǴʥǼʹǵİȾ˪ҲûߵʥֻǴȴûߵ
յİȾ˪һҲǽ˴û̫ã
ŴĿ³һͷѪ󣬱ץס뿪ؾڡ
⴫ȷЩ죬ץסЩˣȴڴںɢ̫ˣ֮ڹȥ
ڣݴ½ߵķأԤϵ
ݴ½˴󣬽ؾڵ˳ݴ½ߵȷõϢҲΪɽµ뿪ˣݴ½߲Ż˾֮ģҲ¹˿ɳ֮һȺ޵صʱ뿪ˣ
û̫ʱȥѰԼһˣΪǲ뿪ôɣ
뿪˴󸽽δü̫ԶһɽС
Ⱦ˪ȻħʥŮһƣɰȾ˪ʵվǲл귢ӲģԹˣ̫ˣ뿪ʱǿп˴ķٵ
ݴ½ݴ½Ũ̫࣬ܳߵɽС
ڹȥ󣬰Ⱦ˪ϽӹԺ˳ʼΧĶ˲
ؾ߳ٵݴ½޵ߣѾݴ½ˣ˭Ҳû뵽ôȥˣݴ½˾Ȼߵݴ½
ҰȾ˪͹²⣬Щʵݴ½ݴ½ϵġȻؾڷһУݴ½ض֪
ǵĲ²ûдʱŻ˵ɶ
ҲϵȻǹҪץˣ
һΣǼա
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һݴ½ݴ½ʱЩǸ˵ģЩȴʮֵľֵģĽԨ޴ǲںЩڴں͹߶ˣļǵùһͷѪɫҰ׵ˣǹǿп󷨣ҪؾڣħʥŮɱĹˣҲ֪˭й¶˹ˣݴ½˶ҹ
һҲ˹飬ʼǵҹ
ĽԨ޴֮󣬲ŷֵһֱδ˵ؼŰһѪҺֻѪҺ̫١
ЩҲĽԨ޴ڵİѪҺӵŨߺ󣬱ñץߵģǰһ֣֮㱻ȥ˰һ壡
һҲһ壬һһĹϵĽԨ޴˰һ󣬰һĳϱĽԨ޴˵͹飬ǶˣзѪҺǵĻ£
ĽԨ޴ǰĳϣҺĻԼǸĸ֮ý֮ԣôܸģ
㲻ݴ½Բ֪ǺһĹϵ˵һƲǣҲƲǣǰǻ֣
ʵҲиĵˣҲץ޵֪ĽԨ޴ǸĽޣѾ˳ڵΪҪǻһ޵ߣݴ½޵ǼϡٵĴڣǱĽޣٵĿ£
ݴ½ݴ½ǲһģݵıʮĴڣΪеĵ·ûκ谭ħݴ½ȱıŨ͵ҩԱﷴһĴڡ
ϿǰĽԨ޴üĿ㣬Ϻõİ
ݴ½İһڣĽԨ޴ҲǼμĴڡ
ҲΪʲôĶԴĽԨ޴ԭΪǰһ£Ǳضܵõٵĺô
Ҫ֪аһѪҺǵĻһĳϣ˵ĻǻΪڲģ
ĽԨ޴û˵ʲô֪Լ˵ٶ࣬ЩҲ룬װӣٴӳ飡

ʮպų׵ѣ±ϳԼԭӣʼԼòһƶĸˡ
ݴ½˶֪Ƶҩ˹ߵˣû֪ƶ
ĵϡٵڣŮǰĸ˵һµȾʯԴʮŵĶ໹ͣ
ȷоʯǹСĽﳤģµȵġ
ٱ˵𣿡ѹɤʮֵɳƣ˾úǲ꣬ûʲôٱ˵ɣ
ŮһߣⶾĵȻֵǮҲûҪˣ

456 ٻ

ǰۻľ飬ڴʱչֵ쾡£ЦŶŮ˵硭
ȷݿŮʹ˿֮ˣȴɱĻ˵ЩΡ
˭ѵʱŮ̲ס˲ˣü͵ļ۸һЩĵָṩһϢȥݿ
붾źܽǱߵĶһЩ۸񣬶ݾ˵ھٰһҪƳļĶжõģ
Ůѹ͹˵Ǳ߻аһ壬˵ݴ½˼ĹǰһˣӦûǱߣ
Ůʧ˵ĻӦûȥ֣
˵Լ꣬γΪŮ߶ˣŮȥţȥŮ
Ů߹ΰһĹݴ½ģ⹫Ӿ˵ҪͶŵСףӦûݳ֡
ŮŵĻһݡ
лŮŴ˳
ݴ½ļ۸ȻߣļϵĶȴļ۸񣡾˵Ķ鵤ҪֵǮԹʼо
һƶһЩͼĶħˣڼպվоЩĶ
Ҫȥݳɴֻˮ·
ˮ·ļ۸һЩ
룬ѡɴ
ˮ·ļ۸ˣˮ·˷Ѻܶʱ䣬Ҫ㵽ҵĽԨ޴ΪĽԨ޴ѾҵôҪǻϾͱȥݡ
ݴ½ķɴݴ½Ĳһߵķɴݴ½Ĵ˲ֹٱݴ½ޱ޵߶࣬ȻΣվܿĳԭģ
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ŮǴã߻һƵϸˡ
ϸ˶Ů˵ţȵݺ󣬸ȥţǵĺô
ȻҪӣҲֹǣϣ룬ΪʲôҪߣ
ϸ˵ͺ𣬡ٿ޿ˣЩ¼ܸߣã
һŮļ使ۣϸ˵Ļ󣬸ŵһ£
ϸ˼ǵӣת뿪ˣ
ϸˣŰοǲҪΪݵһĸףСǶû̫ķ֮ġ
Ů֪ڰǰħСĵطǰٻĵ̣
ٻΪħɣ֮ʶ׵ĸıˣҲܷ鵤Ҫ
ٻһΪǵĻҲʴ˺󣬱ҲȥˣЩ꼴ʹ۵ĶҲġڰٻŮòڣЩ岻ѰѺȥūۣ㾧ʯ
ڹߵŮȺŮĿģŮıǶĵΪ˫ԵʣԱˡ
Ů겢󣬵ȴչߵǡ
˼͹Ǹĺ£
ʵЩŮļ۸ۣʮöԹһˣϸ˻ѹ˼۸öļ۸ǡⶾϸ˻ûиЩŮļˣҪЩŮ󣬲ŻЩŮļö
Ϊ۵ĶЩ˵ȴǼصĴڡ
ʳɻشŵˣϲ߳ݡ
ݴ½Ȼڱ˵𶾵ŵ˵ĻģǵĹȷǿ𶾵ŵġҶŵΪƿܣǵĿʦⱲӻ߳ݵĴָ
Щ˵ŵĿʦ޶ģŵΪ鷳ί˼ڵĿʦ
ŷľˣڶڣǲ߳ݵġ
ҲΪʲôһͶŵĽףҲҪȥݵԵʣ
ʵһֺôǣܰ޵ڵĴħħħҲ弶ϵĶ
Щһֱѹ弶ϵĶʦʵ࣡
Ƶҩ˭ѡȥ鵤Ϊ鵤ĵʦλܸߣƶĵʦһӳڶ̧ͷֻ¡
˵ǿԣһϣסһӣ
ݴ½ĸݣȻ⼸Сģȴһط
ٻһ岢ݣȴҲ֪ݵһЩ顣
л㣡Ļ˵ʵҲ˲٣ǰϸ˵İɣһҵŮģһúõģ
Цŵͷϣúõİɣ
ϾʲôŮ

457 ì

Ҳ͹˵׽ԴӰٻһܵħϮǱҪöЩħʶԶʦûʲôġ
ߵļСüĿҲۣ峺˫ȴֻʣľ
˵ٻһŮҪǳ꣬ߵ⼸ŮСĲʮ൱岻ʮĺӡ
Сȴƺûаϣ
ݴ½Ҳûݴ½ôҲкܶȱݴ½δػϲ
ݴ½ȷݴ½ŨƶĵطȴǱħϮ
ǳҪһ忪սȴû뵽󻹻һħ壡սҵĴڣǲɱģ
ȷɴɺΧһֵϢȳ˸ֱԼ
ԼΧСȴܡ
һʱЩСҲûŹôŵĶϾɴµȲλеˣʮָӵģȥðɣǶǵûʲôӰ죡
ʱҩ޷Ϊպжݣˡ
Ϊ˶Ľ磬Կװ²ٵĶ
СĽ磬ѾĶطһСؾɽкһСԺӣССǸвסĺӣľ飬Сؾ˲ٵĶϧСؾ̫ŨѹֲʲôݣܷŶ棬ֻƳɵҩˣΪСؾڵʮֵŨԹݴ½Щʧ
ŨҲȲЯСؾ
ллΧŮ֪˵ʲô˹ʶôƺ
ټˣһᱨնˣ
ˣϽЦžܾʲô£
һĶѣȻϣǸˣһֱ׷ʹ֣֮¹Щˣù֣򾰡
Ѿܶδùˣ⻹ǰΪۺʱ΢˽õ֡
Ҳȡ֡
˵⣬ȴ׵ļлʦ
鵤ʦǵƶ˶䱻˳ƺΪʦĸлԱԹ𾴵ĳƺ
ɴһͷȲλ㷢һִʱְ
˭Ҳ֪ͷȵĲλ׷ʲôҲû˸ȥѯʡ
վ˵ֵסҪ̽˼ú˴ţ˵ͷȲˣ
һǶŰ˳ϵĵӣһǶ߳ϵŮ˶ֻ˼ˡ
ԣ̽ʣ˶Ƕŵˣôᷢأ
Щ飬²ĵʦԶ͹ⶾŵİԡ
ŵһаλϣ߳Ͱ˳¶Ůӡ
˵߳ϺͰ˳϶ļ߳ǻ鵤ģΪİ˲ſʼƶ߳İ˱׼ҵĴġ
׼ݵ֮һΪݶ꣬ԾӪĶǶ⣡ΪĲſʼƶģʦҲ׵ַˣĽ˶ţ
ԭʦǵ¥ˣ˵Ǹ߼ĵʦ
ݴ½ݴ½߼ʦĴڶǱԲ˶ΪˣȻΪ߼ʦʦѡġ
ȻҲ˾ѡȷģϾֻһʦң
Χ˵۶ΪȷΪĵݣʼƶΪ˶ŵ߳ϣ
ΪϺ׼ұҲ׼ĵĻ¡
һ귢˺ܶ飬ٻһ屻ħռ죬ʹǰȥæħʱʱݵңҲ˼ħˣΪ˾ģħͻò
һòʵ鵤ǶԻָƫƫħˣо綾ѪҺԱʱ˵ĺء
Ǳŵģ˿ûˣ
֮Ϊʼ˲ʦ弶ʦòǿƶľɫˣȴӡ
ʵòҲǲԻָҪ߼鵤
ϧΪģԼʦԼַˣ鵤ʦִ࿴϶ʦ򲻵߼ĸյˣ
ûлݵܺȣֹûΪûò
£Ҳͳ׵ˣ
ʹ˶׼ұ飬Ǻ׼ҲѹûЩ˵ˣܣ޹ء
ӭȢ˶ŵİ˳ϡ£

458 ɽׯ

˭û뵽飬ϾҶΪΪô࣬ôأ
Ǻϸ룬Ҳͳ׵ˡ
Ϊ˲һû׼ٻָǰˣһ弶Ķʦʲôأ
£òȻȲյϾĶʦ׼Ҫݼ⣬Ȼѡ£
飬ʵʲô飬˵˵ȥ棡
ӭȢµʱҲûп֣ѡ˱չأ
˶ΪΪ˶ɽʧܣȴû뵽άסԼʵƳ弶ڵĶ
ĺ˺ӺҲ˸ӣ˵꣡
꼴ŮҲͽܣЩѧϰƶѾǸļڵĶʦºĵĺȴڼǰزˣ˸ͽܽܽ
ܽȻȲ꣬ܽòȴ̫ܳ࣡
ЩʵȻû˵Ҫվ˭ǱߣڵĴ೤Ȼ֧µģ
ĶʦòҲܳڣµɷģ׼ҵĴӣ׼ݵͣҪ۶Ҫ׼˵İæ
֮±ʦʵȻʧɫ
Ƕŵһֱչأû׼ĳ֮λѾסˣ
Щ˵ʱ򣬱ѹ˵ŵĵһҪ߳Ͼһ弶ĶʦϣվǰռλˣЩŵ˶Ͳˣ
˵Ҳǻãúõ鵤ʦȻΪһˣʦźʦ˵ǲȥݣúõ鵤нյ飿
˵ûҾĵѡûģϾѾ׵ĻˣҲȢĿŮ˰ȥԼų
ûŵ뷨ʵҶ֪˭Ҳû뵽ȻҺ֣ܽҿҪùˣ
굹ùùҲ֪ͷȲм˱ܽɱˣҲ֪˭ôùɴյݣ˭׼ҵĵϴܽҲ£
۷׷ףǹһ˿
һ󣬻ῴΧҲǺģҲǿģⶾŻ˼һλһֱڱչصкҡ
Χ۷׷ףȴû˼ȥˡ
룬һҪͶйϵ޷ǳŶȥģĽԨ޴ʲôȻ֪ĽԨ޴ͬȥݣһΪߵһѶš
ĽԨ޴֪ƶùȥݡ
ݴ½ľƻԣطΪ߻ӣҪعݣȷǸĵط
ţЩʧˣ
ȷɴ֮󣬹ſνʲôӡ
֮ԽݣΪвٵĺӽ󺣡ҲʮֵŨɫݴ½˲٣
ﻹ̺˿˿ԪħȻʺݺͶ
˷ɴһȺŮĿ
ſĵطԭߵһȺڿ
ڷɴϣܽɱδݴ½ϸˣϸһǱĴڡ
˭뵽ҪΪū˵Ĳ˳
ͻȻһűɫȹŮߵǵǰŮαȳ˸һЩһ
ǸŮӻóһЩʯͶݸҽ꣬Ƕ߳ϵŮڷɴϷ飬ȻģҲٺйϵЩʯƱٻȥЩӦʱ¼ڵ
˵ǻȥɣطã
˵꣬һŷɫȹŮЦ˵ٺ˵˵ˣݲʲô
ûж룬֪ɫȹŮܽ
ȷܽƽϣԳǰȥܽܶʲôȴǰ⼸ٻһŮ
ʲôݻߣɱǸ϶ҪȥҿǺġܽ˵͵ɽׯ
ܽһ˵꣬ߵļСŵɫˣһ˹ȥ
û£һԸģܽߵŮ˵⼸ȥɽׯˣҲҪͬⲻͬ⣡
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Ϊʲôԣܽ˵ǼȻݣѵ֪ǻΪʲô𣿡
ܳΪɽׯݵϣӦ֪ˣȻǰٻЩˣֵٸɣ

459 Լ

ܽһɫűǼֵƣ
Ҳܽ˵İԵϾطվ׼ҵĵ̡
ĺûкӣȻиͽܣһֱ׼ңΪΨһͽܵܽȻ޿֣
ɽׯʵǸʲôõططħй¶֮أܳٵĶݣ
ǶԽǵȼ߱ԽѳЩݱħеģɽׯ˷˸취δŮ¶ݣЩŮǵħĶݲֹƷ׿Խһ̺˲پѪ
ֻǱŮǣÿܶԼûűĥڶݳһ̲ŻȥӼֱڵ
ٻһϱħݵõϣܽҲͷǰļˣ
ǺãôƫҪԣ
ʵٻһҲû˱ȥɽׯôԸԼߵȥֿ࣬ϽҡͷȨܾǲȥ
ȨʲôȨܽЦٺҷϻ
ܽ˵Ĺ֣Ҫܳȴסˣվߵ˵ʦˣΪٻһ˻Ҫȥ𣿡
ڶŵѾѹˣͱˣ
Сɹȴˡ겻ĵֿľ֣̲סվ˳ȥ
ţܽߵ˵ǼҷڷɴѾˣҵˣ
˵˵ˣֵһЩǡУұˣ
ܽǰϸˣòֹªνСƺΪһţʮֵ˲ܽóƶȻ֪ǰϸҲǶʦҪֱС£
λʦô˵أⱾҵ£˵ʹˣò򼸸˵СѾͷźȻҪģ
ܽߣƾĶʦҲ䣿
ɴصĵطͺ֣Ϊܽ͹ִΧҲΧһȺˡ
ܽΪŵˣЩȻϳܽ˭˶ڿʼˣ
˶õϷﰡȻҵܽѵ֪ܽǶŰ˳ΨһͽϷҪˣ˵⼸Ѿͷˣݶ첻ȥˣ
ɲǣݴ½ⶾʦΨݲŲᱻ۸ܽԺҪˣ
ϷǺͿˣΪ˼ٻˣȻȥܽҪ֪ܽ˭Ҫˣ
Χ۷׷ף˭Ҳ֪ǰϸ˵˭ÿ͸Ϊһ˶ޣ
ΧôۣɫҲûиı䣬ȻҲ飬֪ҪôӦԣ
ܽǸˣҰݻиأǲԶʦ֣ܽٲϲҲҵЩ˵֣ܽˣִˣ׼Ҳסܽ
ݵĶʦҲвٲϲŵģݵĹػˣôݺܶණҲı䡣
𣿡ܽǰϸˣʲô֤ݣ
֤ݣ˵ڴϣΪҵˣҲŸһЩҩϻҵҩϢ
˵űһͼԦ䣬ܿԦϣŹӶų
߶Ԧ䣬ܱʶʲô˷ùҵĶʱеͼ͵ҵĵҩҪһصҩһЦҷڴϣض˿ҵĵҩ
ѾҵˣҺαõҩãҵĶֲǰװ׵ģ
µȴŵ˲٣ȷв˿öЩٻһŮˣǵ̸ЩҲ֪һЩ׷׳֤
֤ܳΪֵʼղ´Ҫܽôã
ŮǵϸѾˣ޶֢˵ѾԼˣȻҲûʲô֤ݳ
ó磬˵˲ٵĻֱӶµܽƿԡ
ܽŹʮֵա
Ƕʦܽʡ
ͷǣ
ܽʡ
ش𣬡򾰣
򾰵ʦٹЩҪһʦı𣿡ܽ˵ˣΪյǸˣߵ⼸ѾͷҪߣңҲҪǸ
ܽ˵ԵֺȻҲһӱҵս֪ߵĹأǲսô֮ĶҲˣ
Ķ׼ʲôأ

460 ĵ

ܽһ䣬Χ˶һϢ
ܽĶʦºúõĽ̵û׼ܿܳΪļĶʦվܽǰĹǸĶʦʲôܽأ
˭Ҳ˵һ仰Ϊطˣʵ˵һУ
꿴źܴ󣬵ǹȴ꣬Ķʦڣǰμġ
ٰμĶʦ˶ŵˣʵ˺ܶƣ
طǶŵĵ̣ǶŲ⣬ô֮ĶĲˣ
ĶǷҪ뿪ˣ
ܿܽϹ뿪ҪקڣùҪٹˣ
ЩֽûҪΪǻȥ
ǵùΪŮΪǱҪ뿪ݣôչǻڣ
⡭̾һ̫Կˣ
ĶʦҲǶĶʦ
ôˣܽЦ֪Һʵв࣬͸ñ죡ЩܹܣЩͲܹܣ
ܽŹԼѾ׵ʤһڹңҾͲƽ㶥ײң⼸ѾͷһҪߣ
ܽ˵꣬ߵŮóһöĶһһöĶ
öĶµȵģһһöϵĵҩʵЧܶĵҩ
ܽЦ˵ĳԿºƵҩǾƾʲôӮˣֻҪǸأΪĶʦѵ֪ֵǮıǵǸ˲ֹҪǸҪѾ߸أҲδ̫Сˣ
Ķʦˣ͵Ǹһ
˵ҡҡͷ֪˻ΪǶʦĶʦأϾҵĳɱˣ
㡭ܽôҲû뵽ǰϷȻԼ˵㻹Ҫʲô
Ӯˣ㲻ֹҪҵǸҪߵŮǸģҲҪˣ
˵ҲǶʦҪķϵʲô
ܽ˫ͨ죬̧־Ҫ֣ܽߵŮϽקסܽѹܽ˵йصС㣬ܶԶʦ֣
ƽʲôӲôĶ֣
һϷѣαغƽأѼӲû׼ҪɴأС侲һЩ
ܽ⻰Ҳ𽥵侲
ˣĶʦôηһĶʦǰϷ˵Щ޷ѣϷȦףǻ׼Һʦ鷳ܽ˺ܾò˵ҴӦ㣡
ΪߣѪİɣ
Ѫ֮ұӦ
²ֹܽߵŮǱܽŵˣߵİٻһˣҲܽŵĲ֪ôˣ
νѪģҪΪ֤ġ
ǹôⱲӵΪٽǻᵹˣҶɽٵʱ򻹻ᱻ٣
Ѫģһ˶õġ
ǲηܽð
ָĺܽҲġ
ϣһº㣡ܽߵŮ˵ߣ
ܽˣԼ̲סɱ˹ܽҲףɱһĶʦһһ򵥣ǻƻݵĹأҲöźܲռҪùѡ
򾰣˴Ӵ˱ݻȥˣ
ܽһߣˣԲʦ㣬Բ𣡡
Ҫο˹üͷ˵Ҳ̫ˣ
㣡קŹߵһĵطóһӵݸҲ֪ô㣬ʦǰдµĵãΪʦ֮ǰõ
ĵãߵ弶ʦҲֻʱ⣡͸ˣϣʧ
˵ֿ꣬ЦʵʧҲûϵʧˣĵ뿪ɣҲܱ֤ղ̫ң
ǹ˹ԲŻóЩصĶ
ǲ̫ˣ˵ҲǶŵˣ
ǴǰȻЩ㡣ֱӵ˵ʦǸˣĵһôܿ
ǣʦǳˣҲȥⶫҲ᳹׵ʧˣЩһ𲻼˵©ʲôһϽת˻⣬͸ˣϽţ
˵Ҳ˵ʲôת뿪ͷ
ߵľǿıӰ΢΢üͷ
ⶾλϵĶԹѾǽˣ

461 

طݴ½
ݴ½ǷΪĸ򣬷ֱݡݡƽݺȪȪͲ޵ľסأƽ޵ǾסĵطĸĪȪΪϹŵ޶סڲݣȪڶ޵ߺĵط
ʵϣݴ½ƽȴǷΪƽݺͶƽݡ
ƽݱٻһСסصطƽݾסıǵ¸ص޵ǡ
ʦǾۼĵطƽݵĵ¥
ҲʦסȪֻЩʦǽãȪھס̤Ȫʦĵʦ
ҪȥƽݣϾƽ޵ڶ࣬ɺڵ֪ĽԨ޴ųϢ󣬱ݡ
ȻҪס£˳ǺԼǶʦݣ˸˸СԺӡ
ԺλǵڣЩƫƧԺӵļ۸ȴʺϡ
ڹǶʦݣ˳СԺ
ѯʶ𣿡
ͷʶģ
׼￪ӣһЩ˵һں磬һǽġ
⡭û뵽ԼƹģһʱҲЩˣʦã
ûϵǸտʼĵҩҲʲôصģ˵úýЩӣ߲ҪźǺúչ˺ӾУ
񰲶ˣţüǣ
˵űԸʰСԺӡ
ԺӵȷûסˣҪʰҲѣںԺڲ˼û߼ʦȫص󷨵ģԺӵǽϻ˲ٵķ׭֤ԺܳΪЩٻŮıϣЩ󣬹ȥΧ̻תתľʯ࣬ĵĶǵͼľʯ򵽵ĵĶࡣ
пżڷѣһЩ
ΪܽͷϷ飬ҲЩ˼ס˹ӣڿڹѵʱ̲סһ䣬һٽﶾѲһһĵͼǰＸǧˣƳҲͼһ
ˣҺܽʦƵҩҲʲô
ѵɫҲЩѿʼ⣬ǼҵĶܺãƳ΢һЩһ
⻰˾ˣʲôãΧ۵ЦٺҲֻ͵ȵĶ˭ϡ
ϡЦ˵˭˵Ѿƶģ
׼Ƶģ
ƣЩҲû뵽شһʱסˣƣ
԰˵֮ǰھ¥æԻһЩСգǴҺⶾƵľʲôӣƣ
պҵӿţǰһˣԵõһСѾƣ
˵ֶߵ˵˵ׯϻʮﶾѣ
ɣ͵ҵ˵ȫҪˣ
Ҳû뵽Ȼ˵ĺȻׯϵĶȫҪˣ
棬𣿡Ҳû뵽˵ˬ졣
Ȼģ㲻ȥׯͷ˼˵۸ǰսյҲѹۣ
˵ҲԿֵ˵λ䵣ôܽԾ絣ܲվϱ̨
˵꣬ѵ˵Լӵĵַ󣬱ת뿪⡣
˲ٵĶݺ͵ҩѾڿʼоļĶˣ
ʵе˶˵鵤Ͷģڹ飬ʵҲƵĵطҪоҲҪС
ò˵˹ٵæƺöƺ󣬰ħ˳ȡһЩħϵɷⶾѾڣᴿЩҪ
ⶾѾڼһЩݣһЩ
ļҲԣΪħϮİ䣬ҲٵĺöȴɱƳĶѾˣ
⣡ŹƵĶѾƣʲô𣿡
ͨĶѾƣ˵֮ô
̫ˬˣŹȻĸðູˮˮЩ죬ȴû泩ϵǱ˳ȥһ
֮ôһһƿȥ󣬱㲻ˣ
ڶ죬һƿʮö͵Ⱦʯǣʮһƿʮö͵Ⱦʯ
Ǳ˵ض˷ˣ۸СָһľƳȥ˭򰡣
ǹĶѾƣŻкܶģ
Ϊ۸Ǿ׬ˣ

462 Ŵ

պ󣬹Ķ̿ˡ
⼸հѸŮǽ̵ĺܺãһܶǡ
ڰٻһ屾òڲŻᱻѡ΢һ±ԵʮֺÿһɫȹվȺԵʮֵĶĿ
ΪΣԽյ鶼졣
С̿ţǵǰһˣԵõǵƵĶѾơ˵ڵĵҩҲۣ
Ϊ׼Ĳִ٣ԵڵĵҩƷֲ࣬ǴҪĵҩҲǿԽӵģǡҪȸ𣡡
½½˵˺ܶ࣬ǱһƵģʴģһһվ˵ǰ
̵ˣ඼Ϊ˿֣˭ҲûȹҩߵŮˣһʮöĶ
͸ʮƿѾơ֮ǰķԸѶѾ˳ȥ
ŮϽ˹ڿռָл
ŮЩߣȻ֪뷨ģȻҸЩ˰ѿɫ
ζŨŮ˵һǷƷ
Ȼ˵ͷ˿Ľ򾰵ʦǸţ
Χ˾ǲ֪ô˱վƣڲƭ˭أⶾѾƲǶƵٺܺõȥأ
ɽҰǣƳþƣҪ𣿡
һҲΧ˵ɣȻʣԣ
ƿɲǰ͵ģǵڵĵҩ˵ͼһҩۺҲ𣬽տŴ󼪣ʮöͼʯ㣬ԣ
⻰ʮֵķˣǸҲ̼ˣСǿ˭أⵤҩҪˣҲҪۣѶѾƸң
ʮöͼʯ󣬽ӹĶѾƿȴֱӺȥģˤ˵ϣҵҪνĺþʲô
˻һ䣬ȴΧ񶼱ˡ
ӱͲټϿֵ˶࣬Χ˲ٵ޵ߡ
һɵľ𽥵ڣʹվڽϵˣҲʵɾ㣡ֻͨľ㣬ǻʲôϡ棬ȴһ˿ѪҪĶңֻôţǶ泩
Χһʱ˿Ҳ⣬ڵ˵˵ͷŮǿõҩ
ҪҪѾƣ˵һ仰
ƷڵҩˣԵõѾΪƷʮĵ˵һ̱в˳嵽̨ǰҩ
һѵŮҲһǣɴʱȴæ
ŮεЦЦת뿪ӡ
תۼ䣬ʣµʮƿƾ˳ȥе̲סڳ˶Ѿƣϵ泩ڵܸо
ƣǺöȶҪã
ɲǣֿ죬һƿ
öƵΪʲô̺˶Ķ
ֵ̫ˣҽˣ
ǵҲ̫˰ɣһƿû򵽣ƻ𣿡
Цƺ͵ҩնûˣǻϼܵҩǾȴƷˣһƿƣÿһƿ۸Ƕʮö͵Ⱦʯһܻᣬָԭۣʮö͵ȾʯҪģɣ
һ䣬˲ˣʮö۸ôȥ
ǣ۸ҲŲҪ
նƷô۸񣿡
Χ˶۸ǲ⣬ҲԤϵ˵ǿģ󣬲ҲԵģ
ڣҲΪССѾֵĲģ
ҲúǼ˵ȥչ˵˵Ҳ֪ǳĶǵǼҴղƳõĶѾơһûı£
ϡΪ󣬴ǾòʺԼҲǿ󣬱ϾЩʺʵǿӵеģ
˵󣬱кŮǹš
ŮʮǵһЩ޵ǰվֱˣԾʮֵʹ졣
֪ⶾѾƻᷢӳ޴ĹЧ˭Ҳû뵽˵Ŀ졣
ڲֹҩûˣѾҲûʣˡ
﷢һУҲͨŮ֪ˡ
Ŀߵˣʦô𣿡
Ů򿪾ƷȻȥƷ̫СˣպùһڣһƿҲͶڵķ
պȥõһϿʼðϸܵĺӡ
ʲôƿԼӣðĺüڵʣ

463 

ʵҲ˵ľȣΪ˶ŵˣʵͱϴˣ
ϴˣڵ־ʵ֮ǰ㱻ųĸɸɾ
ĸõϴȻõģȴҲǰμģܽõ߳˼Σ
ЩΪ˵Ŀ죬ҲΪϴõõĺã
ؽϴ裬ҲĻϡ٣ﵱûʲôֵǮĶˡ
ŵһֱڱչأû뿪޷ٴõһЩôϾǴӵ¥ֵʦضֵǮĵҩ
ⶾɣûһˣһȺ
Żĵ͸һμĶʦʦһ˿ߵġ
⡭ϵҲ΢΢һȷųʣ
ָ̧žȵ˵Ҳ̫ˣ㡭
ЩĿôˣĸף
˽ǻỽĸףҲ׼ûˣһߣֻص·ϣĸµ顣
Ҵǰϴʱ򣬾Ĵ޻ļڣ񡭡ȵ˵ǼʱգǻΪ弶Ķʦ
ǰڣЩĸŮһ䣬һô᣿
ǰҲȣҲ̫ˣһƿССĶѾƣ
֮󣬸ϽʣµĶѾóȫݸĸã洦
صĶŮĻͱĸɸɾˣ֮˻᲻ƣҲǺ˵顣
̫ˣã˵ϴĶҵģ
ĸףðɣͷŵĻҲߣһġұȥƵģ
֪⺢ӾǿԼӦ⺢»룬ֻܺ˵ͷ
Щһֱ룬ԼݵǴǶԣٸһλᣬǻݡȻԲΪģΪôõһŮⱲôһӣҲ֪ˣ
ò˵ⶾѾƵĹЧȷϴģԼʹһ˼ƿ󣬳ųһĶغʱûĶˡ
ҲΪһ㶾أ꿴ϣ
ǿӲİ취ʣµľƣƫƫȴãȥֻֿܷã
˺ܶ־˵ĸȥԡ֮ұȥ򾰵ʦ
ĸףҾ˵ĻҾ˵Ὺ۵ģĸҲģ
޵ʱ򣬱Ůͨ߳ϣˣ
ͤǸ²ˣЩ⣬ͤ
ΪͤͬĹϵ˽ƶͤһ磬Щ˻Ǳãȴǰ˸Ӵ򲻵ˣ
ͤǰΪϵȷвٵıЩΪ˸꣬ϵĶҲûˣΧȴţͤ
ͤضҲҪöģ
ϽᣬŲǰᣬǣ߳ЪϢˣ
⺢ӣô˵ٻأ˵߳ϣҲҪܹܰͤ⴫˿ûй˼Ůֱֹƿ˴ţǰˣһЦֻЦȴôҲڸǲסģ꣬ô˵񣿡
ߣѹͤϵǶαװ.
⺢ӱҳ軵ˣϾҪڶżţǵάϵĺƽĳȻͺӼƽϵĶ԰ɣ
ȻĳȻƽ£ǴǰͤҪѵ꣬ǽȴûкǰһȥ׷Ĵߵǰ˵ҽʵ꣡
Щɻ󣬡⣿ʲô𣿡
ҲЩģʦʲôû
ͤԹЦȷ£
Ž¿ŵһ˲ٵĺöôһЩأǱϾĳ˺öȻǸТ˳ǵģӦòֻð
꣬ǲҲ̫ƫˣ
ʮƿѾƣʮ壬ŶʮƿˣǸТ˳ǵĶ
ǸúӣȻΪѵĶԲԣ
ͤĵƺĻѶһĿǰˡ

꣺

464 

굱治֪ʲôǰ޳ܵСˣ˵ǻƣʵҲǺġ
ϾֻǶѾƣٺܺõȥأ
ǺöҲڵõ˺ö󣬷ָô඾԰ˣ
ЩҪȥҪ۰ҲûҪ֮£ĶԺʵ඼ˡ
ϣ⵱治ҲТ˳ǳһڶһǰˣֻһ
ͤüЩʲô˼
ҵ˼ǣָŲԶľƿ˵ⶾѾƲöƵģҲʲôöҶˣ
СЩʤһأ
˵Ż¶ĸ첲
ĸ첲ϵȷð˲ٵĺЩɫǣһǴųʣ
ͤĿɿڴ㡭
ƣͤת뿪ˣ
ŲֹϻҲ˵ҵȥ򾰵ʦȻ򲻵ЩѾˣ
˵űֵĸף֮󲻹˭㶼Ҫǣ
һЦã
Ǹ˵ԡ֮󣬱ȥ˹ӡ
ʱѾţֻһСŷŮǽտ㿴һŮߵǰ񣬡ˣˣ
һʱЩɵۣʱɫѾˣǰŮһɫòϺõĵһĿÿˣ˱ضм䣬һʱҲЩɵۡ
Ȼ˼װ׵˵Ķˣǲϴˣ
ȻǣЦЦʦͷ
Լ˭½½Ľ˽յ顣
˵֪ţϾյȷȾǡȻ֪ǺˣԶڹĻûа飬˲һʱ껹ˡ
ôҲû뵽˵˵׼ȷ
⡭Ҳû뵽ͷϵСվͳ׵ıһƵģĺܺá
ɣӺ󣬱Ĺţٽκΰڷš
ԺӵλʵãڶȻģȴҲʲôλӡ
һԺӣǰ⣬ңиªҡ
ԺһŹŹֵľ͵ģ
ݺܿõľ̲ס࿴˼ֵۣľȻ˶ЩԾ
룬˻ʦ
תͷ㿴ͷġϸˡ
ˣĻǺѾñطһ
һǸж
ʵգӦҲ֪˭ڶŵʲôݡˣûʲôüֵϾѾĵˣҲûʲôֵùˡ
ĿģӦáԹˣ˵ʱվЩΡ
֪ô˵۾ҿˣ
ʦǲ˵ɣЦЦֻҸȽϼª
Ȼ⣬꣬ϲ¶޷˪Ա˵ͷȻǺãֻ´ŵ㣡
ӺһЩˮûˣſ˵ʵֻƿѾ׼ˣܸģֻƿ
ô࡭걾Ϊֻƿȴ˵Ķ࣬ҡ
ϽͳĿռָóеľʯ֪
ˣ˵ⱾҲʲôֵǮĶһЩѶѣ
Ʋֹϴ裬Ŷⶾѵļ̫ˣǻѣЧúܶ࣡
ü취
²˵ҲǼЩѾƻȥûȥԡң´δһЩѹ
ãͷ
ʵҲ˵ˣǲ֪ΪʲôǰˣȻͳ׵ˣǰʵҲܽȴˡ
Ǹֵ顣
úദĺ޲ú˵Ự
ڹû̫ľʯúǲ˼ҹдһŵõĵý꣬λʦȥ
ӦֻǶʦܶĶҲ֪֪֪ΪһƵĶķʽǶЩһԣϣдЩܰﵽ
ĸлϣСºıԣҪˡ
ֻҪͻ飬ʹ뿪Ҳòˣ

465 

ľˣôȥˣں޵ΪŮΪҲȥ
Ҳ֪ⶾŵ˽ǲܼ̫õģ
ϣλʦԼȥܺúõշ꣬дĵõʱ򣬱дʮֵϸ
ƶŷľŵģǲݴ½ܼңʵǵ궾Ҫһ֣پôܼƵĶʵܶǺͶŲһġ
ԹڿĵõʱҲһ
Ƶҩŵʱ½̫̫ŵģΪ̫̫۰ûа˽Ļĺܺã
ŷľʹҲϾŷľĶ̫ˣԹƶĻϣʵĲá
еһжҪһûĵõȷǰ˹æ
õĵúҹ㿪ʼ´֮żƣʱоƶ顣
ΪƵĴ࣬ԺĶѾÿҲֻʮƿЩΪһƣľˣ
ʵٺãվǶģҲòȥףƹҲͲϡˣһЩ
Ϊ̫ãԲ˶Ķӣ
ڵԵǰڣһĽԨ޴ڵݣЩ˲ȥ֣ǹûиȺȥ֣
һӶĳڣкȺĸоղԶԶĿһ˵Σֹס͡
ϧվûδݴ½ߵˣô꣬δ˭ܴݴ½ݴ½Ͼ괫󳹵׵ʧЧˣݴ½ˣ˸Ϊͣ
ɲǡϵѾ𽥵תΪԪˣ
Ҳ̫ˣȻת˿죿һ޵߻ǱҲǰɣ
ǱǸޣ
ⶾŻ׬ˣҲ֪˭޸ӣ˭նҪˣ

ĽԨ޴òȷܳڣҹĽԨ޴˵δ˵ʦ
Ǹϲֵˣϲ徲ĽԨ޴ǲûȺҲ£Ǿܼˣ
棿Щȣûأ
ģĽԨ޴ǿ϶ǸϲˣڶضҲܺ棬
ĽԨ޴˵һЦ˵Ļ
ݴ½㱻¥ץס˵ɽµˣʱ¥ƺηݴ½ɽµˣҪֱɱĻѾ׵ˣҪֵĻʹԱҲõ¥˺ù֪ĽԨ޴Ȼ˵˰һĳϣó
ⳤ˵ĺܼ򵥣ɽ¶ӣʲôŮˣ
Щ˵ļɽµȷǶһȺɮûаŮˣ֮¥˲Ÿ˰һ棬뿪
ߺĽԨ޴˵Լ͹ʧˣҪȥݡ
ļĽԨ޴Ǹ޵ߣĲϲ˵Ҳϲ˽ӴҪǣĽԨ޴ҲôϲЦ
һ˶ΪĽԨ޴ʲôˣԲŲ֪Цʲôӡ
ôҲû뵽ԭ֪ЦʲôĽԨ޴ʱ򣬾ȻЦôº͡
ɫ㹻ĵֿǰôһЦǾɫ·ϵİʯ
һݺסǶŵĹͲסľ¥ڼ䶾ŵĴϹ˼ΣǺĵ̸¡
ʵŵ˼ܼ򵥣񶾵ſԳɻŮӺܶ࣬Ҫ˵õģܽ
λܽĻ񣬸ǱʾǰһĽԨ޴ԸȢܽĻô֮ıܽΪŮ׼ݵһҲ֪ġ
ȶŵһߣһĳϲ˵øƷǣܽʲôʵǲ𣿡
Ҳ˵ܽΪֻҲǸĶʦռʹΪڵˣҲﲻ̫顣
ȹɣбܽҲȥȥ
ã
һνʵҲΪ棬һ忴϶ŵˣҪŵĶԲŻĽԨ޴
ΪĽԨ޴ݴ½ˣĽԨ޴ڵİһѪҺܴȿǰһˣҲԲǣ
ΪѪͳԵȷǰһ壬Ϊݴ½Ҳİһˣ
ĽԨ޴ȷòڣԶҲû̫ļƽϣǶڼĽԨ޴ŮǣȴЩʧˡ

466 ¶һ

Ȼ޵ҪĲòʵǳĿбµˣ˭ֲϲأ
ĽԨ޴ҲԶ鵤ҪóĽޣʵҲҲɲ
ĽԨ޴ˣʹһڣҲǰμĴڡ
˼ʹݴ½󣬿ɼҲʹ˰һ壬Ҳܸ˴˺ܺõ
ӣ˭ֲĶأ
ܽųѾĻĽԨ޴ʱܽǸ˵ܵ߳ϵ߳Цʦã
ЦЦڲ֪ʦã
ʦܽ˵ģһ¿׵λӣԲʦ㶪ģ
ãµ˵ͷʮָ˵˵ȥҽ̳ͽܣⶾܳˣ
¿ףʦһĽԨ޴ףʱķǽޣȻỤ㡣ҿգ˭۸㣡
ܽȵı仰ڶŶ꣬ȻҲòӣϧЩ˺ĽԨ޴ǺҲ˵ĽԨ޴òԶԶĿһֻۣôһۣ˱ϡ
ܽûԼķˣһҹܽûЪϢã𴲵ʱ򻹷һŵҩָ
ݶٰһζԣҪµ˲μӣֻҪƶˣԲμұŵĳϻʦǿУô붾š
ԲԴҪȥμԣǹҪڷǱߣԺܶ˶ںԼ̫󣬲ܲμԡ
ܽ껹Щ룬Ҳֻиѣպ̤ڼ䣬μⳡ
ͱܽСһЩҲСȥ
ҲеӻμӣǶŵĵӲμӵʱǻͨ˷ֿģΪŵĵӣЩ˵ķͷ
ԵĻ᳡ݵﱳһƬ󺣣ΧһܴƽأԿԾۼٵˣ
αжŵĶϰУͤ
˿еʱʵ΢Щ졣ڶŵĵλʵ͸Щƣճڵ඼ȥֳչأǲ֪ڵĶⶾŵĴС鶼ǽõġ
ǰıڣкٻֳ档
ΪԵöӺͰһٳǰİжˡ
Ȼл֣ΪǰЩӵ˶ŵŷľ
ŷľǴģΪоʯ˳ĵݣּ洫˳ļŵĳּ֮˰С
ڶŵ飬ŷľҲ˺ܾã֪ڵΪܼϵһ棬԰ľŶ԰˵˹
ܼҵдŵĶʵڹϡ
ŷľ˵ԼҲû뵽ԼܻŵݣʵûйæĻĻؾڣŷľеĺû˹⵼°жԹĺøв١
ǹϾ鵤ĵʦǺƶ˲һ·ϵˡ
԰жŷľ˵ҵúõĸл˼ң֮Ͼⲻһ·ߵˣҲκһ鵤ʦһܽ鵤Ҳܽƶȫܵ顣
ݴ½һֱˣǺھǰף
ŷľ߰Уƶɰоŷľ˵Ц
ҲΪŷľ෽ļ֣вԸԳϿΪŷľ˵ĽԨ޴ǹδ
⵹ðк棬ʲôӲŷľĹ
ϾŷľŮһĴڣǵİȾ˪һ
̨֪ͨǱ߳һ֣̫ˣ
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ɲǣұΪЩĶʦǻ첻ȥ˲Ųǰһ
Ͻҵ˹ʦƵҩĻᣬɲʲôʱܿġ
ˣѾǴˣ

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ȥзԸߵĹµŷľȥƣʦƵҩĻȷңҲȥѧŵ㣡
ŷľĻ̫ˣҪǰߣͱû԰вŻŷľȥͼĶʦƵҩ
ʱվڱ̨ϣһƺ˵ҩ
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ŷľվȺų̋ϵĸˡ
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˱𷽲ŵȷǶ˲٣ǺͶŵӵ̨Ǳ߱Ȼǲܴģڿŷľ󣬱Ҳʼ顣
ʵѾʦľ磬ֻڸǣ˾ֻһĶʦ
Щ˵Ϊȷߣܺܺõڲء
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弶ݶȴҲʮֺĶóͷʣʵǶΪεĿ׻ܽ
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۱ʲôӣƺֻҪһ۱ҵˣҹŵԶǹˣĽԨ޴ʮֵĸˣϾˣΪģĽԨ޴ЩСС˷ܣ˷ܺ͸ȴûܹ
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һĵʦ֪ߵĵ֣ĵҩ˵޷ֻһ뷨ʦˣ˷˼顣
ֹ˷ЩݣûȤ
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ÿʦƵҩĻᣬܽȻζӵĺúõġ
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ֻҪ뵽ջΪŵһλϣٺͳΪĽԨ޴ӣǰһͶŵˣǵ
׼Ƶҩʱȴżһֵζ
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˵ǲڿЩɢ˶ʦΪŵĵѵ֪ߵҪٵҲƳһ¯ߵɣ
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471 Ӯ

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ʹҲ˵̫ף鵤ʲô۸񣬶ʲô۸Ҷɣ
㿴ϵ¥Ķ͸ɴͤ㿴ϣЩһֱҪ鵤ʲô
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̧üģʱ˵ϣһˣ
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ΰһǸѾߣѾ߼ڵ˺󣬻һ
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£ڵ˶ɵˡ
˵ĽԨ޴ͬˣҲ˲ˣ˵ҪȢ򾰣
ǣѾߵͷĽͬˣ

СѾ˵󣬱뿪ˣҲǴѡ
ʵĽԨ޴ͬµʱ򣬰һ岻˶ŵˡ
Ѿ׹˺ӣòҲô˻ƵĶҲŵ㣡ĽԨ޴ȴͬ£Ҳ̫ˡ
˷ߣö
ĽԨ޴˵޵߲ҪڣֻҪʵͺãðһĳϾĽԨ޴ȷǸҰĵˣ۹⡣
޵磬òѹҪҪʵ
һ׵ĺܿ죬Ͷŵȴù죬ݡ
һĹӣôܽѡأһϷȻС֡
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ŵʵ඼Ϊ棬Ҳǲġ
ʵҲЩŭŷľĻǰӵ˵ѪҺվû˵ʲôġ
ڰһȻ飬ѵľء
򾰵ʦεĿס˺ܾú˾Űɣȱͽܣ
ڵǸ
пŲԶ˵ӮҲԸķ䣡
ںúõĿ顣
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۵ĽǣǸ򾰣ݶҪ򾰵ųΪеͽܣſԸ򾰡
˭Ҳû뵽Ϣ򾰵ʱȴѡ߳ΪʦûѡС
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ʵҲû뵽򾰾ȻܾԼʵȻ㣡
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£ڵպǲá
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ֱ̧ӳܽһӣܽǶߵķݣ˦ԶԶġ
ŹǱһѪ㡭
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һһ඼ֻһӣ˰һ壬׼ҵˡ
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ܽѾܶˣܽ궼Ȳϣռ˷ͷܽȥ£򾰽Ҳܵ˵ܽĴ
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ʵһֱ֪ԼĽԨ޴ĻԼǵơ

474 

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Ҳû˵Щǡտ˰裬ĵЩ˶֣ȴðܱڳͷ
ðȥˮȴݻ˵ˮȳݵĵطںףˮȺԶҵкܶ
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Ҳƭ㣬Һ㲻һ׵ԸͺСϣʦܽңҲΪʲôĶʦ˰ܣҲϲܰȣҪôЦҪľЩҪ̫ĸ棡
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˵ʲôллεҡͷȥʰܵ˼ɣ
ʵҲЩԹްܣЩͻȻֿȣҲΪ
鵤飬һ϶Ҳ֪ģ鵤ļ۸һֱӸ߲£˭ֻ鵤أҪǣ鵤ܻٵľʯЩ˶ñԼĻ¸һõˣȻǲĵģ
˭֪ΨһŮʦǹı˭ֲռأ
һȻԼ߸ϣҲòΪͷЩ˲ܶʲôȴҰܵ鷳
ǰԼܽЩ飬ԸȥˮȵĻԸһܡ
ܺЩһȻֵģ
һѣǰֵȥи
ǸĹЩٻһ˶ϲ꣬ڵ֪ٻһҪʱ˽ҲһЩͻȥ
ӡܺã˽£ʱﶼЦġ
ˣñ³
ĺϲ꣬ȻԸΪѣѡȥˮȣ
Ҳǵһμ˰ܡ
ĽԨ޴͹˵ܣɹȴ˵òܺĽԨ޴һĿǸǶôĺÿ
ȹܵʱ򣬷ĽԨ޴ȷû˵ܳʮֵ㡣
ֿܵ㣬ݰףһһ
ܵ滹˺ܶ飬ڶԹżҲкܶоڶԶݵ˽ϣ˿ѷɫŵϡ
ܸ˵лл˺ܶĶݹ
Ҳѹְ˫ݣĶһܺãҩûаˡͻȻãĿ⻹ǲģϾĲ
Ϊȷ˰ҪȥˮȣҲҵ˽˵ҪĽԨ޴ȥ
֪Ͱܵ飬˽»͹˵Ǹ鷳ˣ
һҲԼǳǶŵĳϣӦø߸ϣСûаĺɫ෴ԹһֱŹҪȥˮȺ󣬸óһЩҪСһһĸһ
һСĵģʦĺãȻǽܵġ
ݴ½ʱʦӣûһϸչ΢
ô꣬ϰ˴ֲڵĺãЩϰ!ûһܾܾᣬҲ
˽ָһЩúõչ˺
׼ĵҩǿһЩҶصĶ
ӲĲˣֱӰγڵĶأָյʵ
һ뿪ݵʱܽڱųˡ
ɵܽȥҹ鷳֪ѾŰһȥˮȡ
ܻĶߵŮ˵źżң˵ǰҰһ飬ҪȺȥ޻أ
ð˳Ϻ׼ҵ֪𣿡

479 

ˮλݵĶϷܺڶ࣡סˣʵ඼ġ
Բ˶ԣˮȵȷǸʺϾסĵطΪˮȺ󷽵ĺﳤ˲ٵĶݣΧɽҲߣɫҲܺá
ͼڵˮȺ󣬱ˮ滨滨꿪䣡
ڴϽӽˮ֮ǰżһ滨ĵζ
ԶˮȵͷһƬﳤĵ죬ȴһƬѩףϵ棡ò˵ͼڵȷΪԶԿˮߵɽһž޴滨ΧٵķݶУ΢µĻ滨ꡣ
˵ⰲͼڱס棬һСݡ
ĵˣΪǵľԵʣΧһжԺоԡڻһ
£һƬůڡ
ΰһҪˮȹһЩصصĶݣĽԨ޴һЩ飬һĽԨ޴Ҫ߹ĽԨ޴ȴԹ˵ʮ
ˮطиؾ˵ͨħģؾʱ򣬻ħ˹
ħҲȫǻˣƩħŻֵĺڽƶƵ¯ý
ħȴǸţҪ
Щ˾ʯܣôؾڵҪ¡
ؾʵһ׵ĳؾҲȷкöֻǴæŽף˭Ҳûյȥ߶Ѱ
ĽԨ޴ҪȥؾһЩڽҪȥɼݡ
ΪĹϵܶԹҲûʲôأ˭ؾȥκζؾ߶£ʲôöûУ
ܲƵҩȴԶʮȤӺ굹Ǻܻ
ȴ󣬱ǰӦ
ĽԨ޴ŹǰȥΧȴɴ˹
ǰһݴ½ĹӣĿӢôͬ£ŮĲǳ׹𣿡
ǰ򾰲ֹ׹Ҿ˵˺ӣ˵ŮôϰһĹӣ⹫ǰ;ôôһӣ
ɲǣ˵û׵Ķ£˭֪أû׼ֻǺͿˣ
ǺͿˣǲҲлˣҿ̫ϲˣȫǸ˵ӳģ

ĽԨ޴ЩԼĻɫȴ˿ãǱøѿˣ
ʵ֮ǰ˵Լ׹кӣ޷ҲǱⱻ޵ߴţΪЩ߸ϵǣмԵռŮһ˾Ͳٸɾˣ΢еݵˣˣǵƺŮ޾ǻƷ
ȻҲ޲ںкӵŮˣҲٻġ
ܵ˵ԼԼ
ݵ˶֪򾰵ʦ׹޷Լĺӵġ
ǰǲںǣĽԨ޴˵Ǹ⣬ںЩɲҲںĽԨ޴͹ӻǲ࣬ȴǲںôԼ
ЩĽԨ޴ڹߣŹˣԼƺûʲôѣ˭Ǿ֮ˮ
ĽԨ޴ԣ˭۹ⶼԼҪ
ϲͲҪĽԨ޴˵֪ǵ˭ʱϢ
ЩվӰʲôҲںϾҲҵĶ
ĽԨ޴ü֪Щǡ
ί
⣬ĽԨ޴һס˿ջڡ
ΪѾ춨ףסһСԺڣҪ鵤ĽԨ޴һʼûƸ߼ĵҩΪµ̫ˣһЩļ弶ĵҩ׼ʱȥ
ҹˣȴͻȻһݷõˡ
˵ҵĹݵϼ壬ϵһסˮȡ
˺ͰһݷҲġ
ȻиŮģʮֵ㡣
Сáҵ˸ĽԨ޴ܣǰչأ㻹ûһã
ҵʵȷĿĵģҪͰһ£ϵ
СôҺɫĳȹԵøۣվĽԨ޴ǰȻ۵ĴڣĽԨ޴һЦĽ磡
ĵȷˣһɱ
ǸĽԨ޴üСãֱӵ˵һ䣬ƹĹӦңҡС
Һ޹ʣﻹǻһӰɣ
ĽԨ޴Ļֱӣ˿ûϧӣСõɫɷס
ĽԨ޴ЩԵóˡ

480 

˺͹˵СõĹžβѪҺ϶ŵġ
Сõò㲻Ҳ˵Ǿɫȴܰӵ˼£ʹŮ˿ͬġ
ƫƫģǰŮˣֻǾÿЦ
ҵʲôĿģʵԶ׼ˡ
ǲûңҺܶ࣬ĽԨ޴ݣиҲģҵ뷨ǣСĽԨ޴ҡ
Ҫڱ˵ﵱ治֣ϾСõȷǸÿŮֻǸҶѡ
ǣе˼
ĽԨ޴ݴ½ȷǶˣݣй¶ȥݴ½ȴûٴζףĽԨ޴ûжױңǲ档
ˣȻΪ˿֡
㡣СÿŹ˵㲻ݲҰɣ
һúõź㣬һý
˵ĺܶԣһľݲ㣡һڵĳۣվСõǰòֱʻƾʲôҪأΪҵĹ
㲻ǸԪӤڵΪƶҲģѵȢȥֻΪ˷ã
ϧѾԪӤˣҪҲʮֵѣ
飬ǲͬģֹ㣬˭ҪĽ檣Ҷͬ⣡ڵˣúαȥҲţĽӲΪŮˣҶףȻΪԼСøÿܳΪĽӵңԣˣ䣬ҲֹǸһǧļĶ»񣡡
һŮޣԼŬȥˣȥˣⱲӶֻǸ
㶮ҵ˼𣿡СãҪΪҲֹ㣬մȾҵˣ
õòǸ͵ĸˣòСñֱǲһ˵ֱⷬͨøһҰֲϰ˸߸ϵСãôҲû뵽˵Լһ˼ֱ̫ˣ
ʵ鼴ʹ֪ҲóȻȥƣɹȴǲԸǼȥֱ˵ˡ
Щˡ
иվ˳
Ź˹ȥδ֣㱻ĽԨ޴ƵԶԶġ
ĽԨ޴ٺܿ죬Ϊǽ޵ĹϵԼһѷӱĽԨ޴һƣԼˤ档
ӵΪСò࣬ԪӤ
ĽԨ޴ֵĿ죬ֱˡ
ʲôҲҶ򾰵ʦ֣ĽԨ޴˹˵Ǿ䡰մȾҵˡĸǵһγϣˣû뵽ҵ˲棬ȻҶˣ
ȻǰĽСõģСȴûʲôȤԲŻᵼ½յ鷢
򾰵ʦ˵ĺˣҲ檣˭ᣡ˭ҪΪߵң˲յ
ĽԨ޴յ˻ҽΪʲôұ˭κ˲ϲ˰ţ̽
ĽԨ޴仰ںҵ˵ҲںͰһ˵
ĽԨ޴治ںһôԼһܲҲȫںġѡڰһ壬ΪҲǺúú͹ط꣬˶赽ͷˣȻβ
ЩһֱƴУֹΪ׷ϹĽŲΪĻܱù
ȻҲһСŪĺܷˣȻƢܺõҲάַŭ
Ӱܿʼ԰һͿʼˡ
ҲΪĽԨ޴ˣⳡ治ɢƺҲʶЩӣСЩ˵ѵ⣬˵Сôȥð
СҲǱģⲻ˵
СûصԽԽܡ
ҵԼĸ˵Լյ顣
Ѿ׹ˣҳĻôΪҲߣɹΪʲôѡСõͺ𣬡ǺͿ𣿡
ǶҲжʦôΪôһСС棬˵ķŵأ
ûŮ˵ôĴ³˳ħı

֪СõĸǸ۰ŮˣҲĹ֣Ůĺ¡СóΪĽԨ޴ңⲻһ˵õȮ
ţһѵˮвõˣҪԸûĵʦʵѹѡ
ոߵ׼ȥ׺Ͱһ𿴶ݵʱ򣬱㷢иԼ
üԼһ˻ܶԸɴŸܣվЩ鷳

481 

ҲڽӽǣûлŵùϽ뿪ΧΧĵơ
ߣ
ߣ
ܺ͹ͬ˵仰ΪʱλһƬɭ֣ľϵ޵ߣܲƬӵĴڣݴ½ֹŨߵľٶǣԹ֪ҪôסڻԼ
ߣͰܳȥ׷ǵҲǷԼϽӿ˽Ų
ʵ޵ߵʵݴ½Ƚϵ͵ĴڣǱԻǸ߳˲١
ҵĵϵһˮ̾꣬Ȼвٵˡ
ֻǹû뵽ҵϵһȻԼ鷳
ĹǷڵ޵ߣͺڻľ룬Ҫ˵Ķ֡ȻҪվǲԸССĶʦһѵ
ҲΪȷûʲôĽԨ޴ڰһҲûг׵վȽŸҪԸҲ迴˭ɫ
Ǻڵ棬ҲǺĴڣһ㲻Զ֣׷ɱҺķ˲ٵĶ
̾ԼƷˡ
ңӺҲоΧĽ磬ǵһһ˵Ҳѹӣó̿ʼ
̷ӫ⣬С˴Сϣ֮Ĺâ峿Ĺ⡣
Ҳ΢΢һϵķ˺Ȼδͱӡ棬Ҫ֪ôɣҷӡͷˣǷļɻ䣡ǰҲ֣С˺СûаҲ˵ĸԸĴһʹûҲ֪ô÷ʮֵܶһܾԼ͸ǰ˵˭ˡ
ʵһʼܾ;ǰ˲򵥣˶˵򾰲Ǹڵ޵ߣɰܾԶԶֹЦǣǳڵ޵ߣôԼֵĺ棬ȴû˿ĺ£ڴʲô
һʦóƶ
΢΢üհһĳ˵ݵ޵ߣʵݴ½޵ߣԲʲô⣬ий˴ģ
˵ݴ½ɫˣȵİȾ˪ó鵤ó׭󷨣˵ĸǿƾɫ
⻰˵ȥ˭أôĽԨ޴أĽԨ޴˵˵޷Ǿǲǵİţ
ȥΪԼǰȾ˪תĻҾҲŵģ
ܶڰȾ˪ûʲô䣬඼ġ
Ⱦ˪Ϊͽܻ˲ٵĶںܶ˵Ⱦ˪ԲʲôʥŮħ
ǰȾ˪ݴ½ݴ½Ҳ᳹׵ĸ
ôܵ˶˵ʱ򣬶˵ƹɫǸ˫Ůӡ
֪ܲΪʲôڿ򾰵ʱ򣬻
򾰵ò治ôΪǰûãӻԵЩʮֵϡ˱˵Ǿɫˣֶϣ˾Բǹȴڻɣ򾰵ǲݴ½ġ
Ϊݴ½ʦʵҲôһЩ
ʱĹûй˼ܵ뷨һ߲󷨣һ߶԰˵ǰٲһôڲǿյģȥͲҪˣúõı㣡
ΣգһҪ˼㡣
ܵΪȹߣɹĻȴ׸Ҫ˵ɰܿΧõ󷨣ȴǵͷСһЩһҪңҲһսģ
ãͷ
֪ԼΪߣԸϽܿ׷ɱ˱׷
Ȼ󷨣׷ǸϵߣŹõ󷨣һߣϷǺͿˣڵǲηЩСС󷨵ģ
ѹ˵ţֻƶԲŸĿˣˣΪԼ˲𣬲֪ߵغ񣡡
գұף㵽׵˭
˵󻹸ϳڵ޵ߣŹڿһֻһ
𣿡Цһ治֪ߵضֻҪѵңҲҪ֪Լķ
ôһӶֻݣҪ̶ţ
Ҳǣ鵤˵ĹҵⱲǶֻܷöˣ

482 ¶

ʧķ𣿡û뵽˵Ļ
ǰǶʦʦ䲻鵤ʦԸǹҲġ
ʵݴ½ݴ½Щ˶֪ǱȲ鵤ģ˰˼ϵĶܺ鵤ȼ⣬ĶҩЧȷǱȲ鵤
Ȼ˵ʺħޣǶݴ½˵޵Ըѡ
ݴ½ĵĶ鵤¥¢ˣ
ٲԸ⣬Ҳֻѡ񶾵ˣ
ǣú˵ʲôϻ̧㳯߻˹ȥĶѸ٣˿߷ӦĻᡣ
Ӷ˲䣬ﳤߵĽҲ֪ʱһƬ̲ݵأݵϵ̲ĳǻһҪסˡ
ľȻҲûԤϵǵľ޵ߣһ˺һݵء
ʵطľ޵ߵȷкôˮǻˮģˮȵľڶ࣬Щľ඼ǵģǶľϵ޵߼ĺͰ˽ҲЩľϵ޵ߣ
Ǵľϵ޵߶ݣֺοˮأ
ľ޵߶ȥѡΪ鵤ʦʹܳΪһ鵤ʦҲѡΪʦԶʦǵľ֮٣˶ڲѵ˶ʦΪ˶ѡ·
ǰĶʦľ޵ߣȷ߾⡣
ûлشߵĻ˺ȴǵһЦڻӶֵʱ򣬲ٵ滨ڿУҪڵסе˵ߡ
Сģߵͺ
滨ڼ˲ٵķ׭Щ׭඼ӳԻƬ̵͸Щ׭ļߣĿȴĿ£Щ𱬷һһʮֵˡ
ЩƽȻ£ⶫͻȻ֣ǳǧĳ֣ôηأ
Щ׭Ҫټ۸Ǹ°֣
ǰĶʦôྦྷʯЩ׭ѵⶾʦԼƷ׭Щ׭ûд£Ǿۻġ
վǺˣ˱ı׭ҵΧһƬ¡¡ɭּҪضɽҡˣ
ʱİܼʹľڣҲܵǿҵϢ
Ƿ׭һǲٵķ׭
ЩĹЩ׭Ȼǹģ׭ȻҵˣܵɫѿôҲû뵽ҾȻ˵ãһҪù
֪Լóȥȥ뿪ݵʱ򣬴ӦҪù
ȷ棬ѹ֪ʵΪȰܵΪͣðһҪù
ڰܵ뷨Ȼǲ֪
һը޵Ѿˡ
ЩԦһԣɵ˺ޣݴ½ŨԹڵǱȴǰ¶ˣʱɫѿôҲû뵽ֻһת۵ʱ䣬Ȼɱˡ
Ϊͣǰ˵ʲôΪ
ô˶ķ׭ô󷨣ôָԦ䣿
Щɻģ
Ҳˣǰй¶ôණǲúõ뿪ģ
ҧгݣڸҵǸһԷŹ㣡
ҲŹ㣡˵ҵ˵ôߣϲƽϣԽﲻ˵棬˿û߷ӦĻֿʼһֹ
ߵΪȷǱȹߵģڶԸû򵥣ŻҲΪԼǣЩҲ̫ڴ⣬Ż
ڵĹҪظղŵ飬ʮֵѵġ
ҲԼԸʱ򲢲ѣֻҪСһЩͲù֡
Ҿͳȫ㣡߷˵鶼ԼѾˡɱ˹ص֮Ų̫
ߵĹҲҡ
ߵĽ³Ҫסĺܿ죬ߵΪվѹסģԹڶĹڱץס˽š
ۿߵĹҪҪĵʱ֪ܲ˳סһ
ʵܶ㿪ģֻǻˣɰһ󣬹ӹ˿ڡ
˺ܴ԰ܱкӶ˳ȥ
ܣһϽٻԦȥԸߣԼϽߵ˰ܵߣû°ɣ
ŰܵʼʧĸϽӻóһƿӣ죡
ѵҩιȥʱ򣬰ȴɵۡ
һ߼鵤Ǹصĵҩ
Ǹɵɵ˵Ȼ˷ôصĵҩ

483 ƽ

ڰһ꣬Ҳ߼˼ҩ
ݴ½ĵʦǵ¥̫ϳϣǰ˼ĵʦ
̫ϳȴٻƵҩ궼ڱչء
̫ʹˣҲϲˣΨϥһСӣϲĺӡǰҪСһЩԸЩ̫ϳǶƵҩˣ
ݴ½߼ĵҩҲǼصĴڡ
ʵڴҲоżĵʦǾ˵ںħ罻սˡ
ıǸҩ˸к󣬰ܱоԼڷ˷츲صı仯ⲻ߼鵤ЧıκζҪٺܶࡣ
۵ҩ㱻ˡ
˵ǸüҸлл㡣
˵ĺ棬ȷúõллܣϾκ˶ڹؼʱ޵Ǹϧĺܡ
̫ˣҴӦꡭܶ˶٣ҴӦҪ㣬ˣ
Ȼһȴǻģɱûִ̫ڼó˹صĵҩɱȴŨˣԵõĿռָܴĿռָõʣµĵҩ߼鵤ж۵ĵҩ˵Ľⶼٵģ
ٻԼ˶ĿܣһڵıӣڶһðźɫϢ˫Ǻɫ˴ħĶ
ħ˵֣ܵȻħĶ˿ܣ
ʶ࣡ߺٻ˵ǰ¶Լħ飬ϾħĶǱ֪Ҫ׷ɱ
˲ЩˣҪõϵĶ
߼鵤Իۣ
ҲߵͼǶԹˣ
߼鵤ҩЧȷǺãֻǶ̶Ƭ̣ܱ㷢ԼڵԪǣҪҲգۼˣҲǵһμʶ鵤
ԸܸϽվԲۣϷɫĹâŹâۺһֻ޴İ˹ߵǰ
Ϊ˫ԵʣıһֻɫİŲÿΪΪıתΪļ󣡰ܵëɫʵҲѾԼԼĳɫļ󣬶ǰתΪ𽣬ձһΪˡ
ϧתΪ֮١
֪ǣܵıб仯Ϊܷŷ˵ҩ
ԼҲԼëɫ˱仯ԣȷǺܺõϢ
˵һĳϵ˺ڲŻëɫı仯ȴѾļ鵤ЧѾԶ׼ˡ
ţ㳯ħ˹ȥ
˫צħǰԵñ㽿С˺ܶ࣬Ϊħǿܣֲֻ֪ۣ԰ܶԸҲΪЩ
Ѿ߼ˣٻٶȼ죬߾ԼǴһΧľԴԴϵĸṩľϵ߾ʮᷳ顣
߱ϾǺڣֵʱ򣬵ȷҲѡ
ߺħƺҲЯ˴ħɹΪ޵ߣǼ䲻ϲϢģʱĹųİܣٴٻС˺С
˺쳹켣ʱħҲΣգŹ˹
Ҳû뵽ħԼߣ˵һ䣬Сģ
ǰĹȴ˲ʧһɽɫĹâȥǰѾʧˣڰǰģһֻ޴ķ
ڷڣĲǷѪģǻˡ
ǵļƺΪΪˡ
νķˣʵʵǿǰ档
ǰ˵ķʵһֻʮִķһֺİ޶б仯
ʼУȴʼɪɪ
ħȻǿܣѾˣĹޣԷʱɻʶ￪ʼܣ
ǹѹᣬӶ˫ֵͬʱһ˫צӾץסħһħͱѿ
ħ˺ˣȴûаѪҺһɾ޴ħʼɢ
ħǰһģħһ߿ʼɣͬʱ³һѪһλӶĳ
ͬ꣬ˮҡ
һ³һѪĿƺʧȥʲôһ
Сˣ˵ɱҵĵܵܣ
վΧŵˣҵܵȥˣǾȻ棿ҿ԰ɣ
ʱҵŵĲ֪λشҲû뵽Ϊ
һڵĳϾȻһԪӤĶʦ˵ȥҲЦ

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ԣܿ˷Ӧ򾰵ĶʦΪ϶ֹԪӤȴûгڡ
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СõĸΰҲ˵ҲɺϣΰʵͶġ
ʮǰͻȻ޵ߣ˾˵ֵܣһǺڣһǴڡ
Ϊ޵ͻȻݣʵ˲Сĺ䶯ΪôݶȥصطأΰҲͨǲ֪һŶһżΪħҪѹħ
˵ֱ׵㣬˲ĶʵŻ˵Ŀ¡
ȥĵط飬Բʵڣ
Ŷϲ˽ӴһֱΪҰµż
ʵε飬żǲöֵģΰŮˣһҪҪ֪Һ׼һģҵĸֱ׼Ҹ࣬ĽԨ޴ŮΪңĽԨ޴׬ˣ
ΰҪռһıˣŻ˵
ҵĳ֪ҲΰСãҲûϾûʲôĶʦòȵͷϣǵ˶֣ȷǸ
طûʲôأΨһĹرʵʵ˵ʲôǹأ
Ƕã򾰵ĵʦһȥĽԨ޴ʱĽԨ޴Ҳ֪ҵʵԲᷴˣ
˭Ҳû뵽żȻˣ
ӦðΰҲɵۣ֪ȥûһŵʱ򣬸Ǿþȣʵ
ֻһûĶʦûıµģ
Ŷ޲ɱΰйߣż֮ǰĻù죬˵һ䣬ݣз˹һֻǻˡ
ϢһҶըˣ
˶ôΪǰôܻأ
ô˵ѵǶħķ
ǣŶǵǷӣаħĴڣֿµѪԵѹƣ𶼾ù졣
ȥһ£Ŷʼⶾʦݣ־ò̫ԡ
Ҫ֪ͻȻݵķǸʲôĴڣĶħǺã̫Ҫһܵħˡ
ʱѾӹ֪˹ʵˡ
ûܣ¶Լԭģ
֪ܲԭġ
ǰŮĽСһɫҲ˿ӰʣԵǰǸ˫ľˣ˵һŮĺÿЩҲٺÿˣȴûһȫȫĶеע
ôˣŰܣΪԼЩ졣
ҲԼЩʧǸ
һЦʲôõǸأ
һݣҲǲ鷳ҵҲסãʱǱ߻Һ˵˵˵㲻һǸˬˣûиҲΪİȫ
˵ֱֱ׺׳ܣԹûиø޷Σա
ܲһŲʵټϹһЩҩͻΪձضܳΪһˣ
ܵ˼ܣᱻ׵ץȽΣա
֪ǸˣȻ֪ڹ˼ʲô֪Ҳֻû뵽ԭˣĴڵġ
ʲôˡЦЩʵץסң
ǷȴˣֻԼᴿѪڷǲڵģǵѪ
˲Ըң˱ҳ֣ϾϣѪҺֵǮҿƵҩĴڣ
ҲԸȥͶ˭ŵ޷ǣԼɿģΨԼΣ
̫׹ĴˣһЩ꿴ŷ⣬˽ȴҲ˶ʧ档ΪһҲǿɷģǵѪҺ͹ͷƳɵҩ
ֻǰһûʵеˣ
λӻĽԨ޴ҲΪĽԨ޴õļֵ
ʵҲ֪ݴ½ĽǾסڱĽģһ˽ҲĽԨ޴ȥӽȺˡ
һĽԨ޴һ˾޴档
ЦʱȺ˻ݴ½ˣԼĽԨ޴ذһ壬ǸĽԨ޴棬ĽԨ޴Ӧúúõĸлǡ
ȴ֪ĽԨ޴ѹҪĻᡣ
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485 

ܺ͹ɭֵɼҪҵĶݣڰܶԣһ˳ĺܲ㣡
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ĽԨ޴ǲŹܵ˼ʦľأųٹʱޣҪ֪߼ʦҪͻư˼ʦľ磬̫ˣȻ¥Ҳֻм˼ĵʦˣ
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ʵ˵ĹӻĽħ壬Ϊħ޼ɵĲȥٱ˵ĶǻҪναۣħƺƴ
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뵽ЩĽԨ޴˵ȥҪȥݡ
Ҫȥҵ㶫
ĽԨ޴ҲûʹҪʲôȻ˵ˣȻҲỳɹ뷨;
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Ȳ˵ǱҲ̽ˣиĳϣ˵Ǵڣ
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һ󣬱ΪҵҪɱȴɱ˰ܣǸŮ˰ܡ
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£˵Ŀⶼڷ򾰵ϵˣǶڴŮ˭
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Ƿʮ
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ΪʮڷܴԼʹɱ˷ʮȴҲҶ֣᳹׵׷ɱˣϾһ嶼Ǽ令̵ģǷ塭ڷŮܱƷԷʮڷ޼ɵҲΪȷ츳
Ƿʮ
˭ҲҸȷеĴ𰸣Ϊʮǲһˣ
ܰװ׵һ߼ҩȴҲڰһ崫ˣһ屾ͲӰܣΪܷ˵ҩ󣬿ʼ԰ܶչ˲٣ܵΪĺܿ죬˽¹ܴͬ˲ٵϣһЩҩܣðܸϽͻƣ
ܺΣԹ˵ԼܽЩ
Űɣ͵Ҹĺ񣡡˵ʦףҶҪһЩǣ
ܺվҪˣҲΪ飬뿪ߣ궨׺ȥʦ
ε˵Ҿллˣ
ĺϲ꣬ʹڵİϣߵڣһҲʼҪڻ飬ɰܵһ¶ûбֻˣԸȥ£
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Ҫ֪ļǸ߸ϵģǲôϲͰһġ
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ֹ뷨Ҳˡ
İ̫ˣյİܻṼ꣬ĺԼ·˽Ҳ˹뷨
ʦ޵ãԵҩҲҭ߻ħıȱȽǡѵΪЩ޵ǾͲٷõҩ𣿡˵յ飬˭Ҳ˵׼ϾЩ鶼ûзʹһ壬Ҳ֪ջ᲻ģûδԴܣҲ̫ƽˣңϲܣѵΪ㣬Ҫǰܣ᲻ΪԼίأ
һҪøǿԼˣǺ顣ҲΪʲôõģ
Ըǰǰõѡܱԭ̤ĺã
˵ĺֱӣʵҲҿ϶֮飬ΪԤϵġ
ڵİǺõģԺԴ
̾һҲˣѡɣ
ţͷͰܾɣ
һĺˣ˽Ҳѡ˼ڵ͵ܵߣ˼ðףڶŵĵλҲߣʹǻҲûʲôϵ
ǰһɫȢ˱Ůӣⲻ˷
ôҲڰһ峤ĺĽԨ޴ݴ½ǲһġ
úõ롣һĳ˵Ǵ£úõ룡
ܼᶨ˵ڵʲôֻ֪ѾҪȢˡھͲʲôɫˣʱҲиõѡ񣬿ѡĬĬŵң˵һͼһúһԲŻѡң
Ҿ˵ĺܶԣԵʱ֪䲻ҲҪƤȥȢҲûкڹ
ڣѵΪұǿˣҾҪ𣿡

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㣬ȻȲĽԨ޴˾ϢЦҲĺÿ
ʱͷߵĹ
ʵĻҲΪȤ޷ǰݼڡ
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ܴǰڰһڣνůʲôӵģڵ̫ԼĴˡ
ϣһҪ˵ʣҸ꣡˵Ѿ϶꣡㸸ĸ֪𣿡Ҳ֪ôȰοܣ˵㸸ĸӦڵȢ𣿡
ӣǿ㳤ģŻȰ㡣ϣֵǮıǸ飡
֪壬ЩŻߣǺҲϣףĸ飬ʲôֵ⣬ձף˵ĶΪã
úõɣ
ڵǺܺõӣ
ϣˣĸǱҲ˵ġɾܾһҪǿ뿪꣬ôұ뿪һ壬Ըһɢޣ
ˣⳤȻû뵽ܻ˵Ļ
һȻȲϸ߸ϵķ壬ǺôҲǸһĴڣǰʧȥڵıӣǻᱻץ߻ŪĽܲǲ֪ܾȻԸΪһŮȥðķգڱ˵ֱЦϾֵʲôǮΪ˸鲻Ҫǳնɵӡ
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ѵöһ˶ġ
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ܽȷ˳ȴҪܽȥ޸ܡ
ʵĽԨ޴ȷõѡ񣬿ĽԨ޴ûˣһҲûӡµܽ˲֪٣ӹŹ֣һҲƸŮһûа飡ҪǣòҲȲܽ
ֻҪܲǸɵӣ֪˭ã
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Եʱ֪Ҫ궨׵ʱ򣬻Ц꼢ʳ
ƫƫģϹһȻð
ԣ˺ܾãͬɷ飬ܽͰܳס
˽ܽǲˣϾܺĽԨ޴ȷ̫ˣʹڵİվǱȲϳɫĽԨ޴ܽޣҪҰܵ鷳̸ܽһܽˡ
Ͼû׼ұܽҪúõĹҲǺѵġ
ܽԼίԼ
ڰܲͬˡ
ܽԣĪ衣
ܽӵվֱܼǵôߣ
ҾⲢǰܵ⣬Ӧ꣡˵껹Ǻʦһɣ
ЩΪ˶ȥ鵤׼ȻҲ˼ЩΪĺµ飬ѾܾûкϵˡóȻȥҲѴЩ鵤
˽²˶˵Ƶ鵤ȵ¥ƵЧҪãõƽ͵ļ۸񣬲һµʱ䣬ƽǱѾ˹ĵҩˣ
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׼ĳıϾʶô꣬ûгף϶ĵġϧ֪ȴûмһ١
Ĳ˼ˣֻܻؼҶ·Ƣöûã
Ҳ鵤ֺαȥαȥأ
¾ȡ֣ΪΪһʦô鵤أҪǣȢʱ򲻾֪ôĲأ
վǲҼŭĵģֻܶܽ˵£ʦ
Ҳ꣬ڵľƣ˶Լ
ãܽû뵽»˵ȻܸˣǿĵĻش𣬡Ҿ֪ʦˣ

488 

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ˮθֶʵݺܳģǱɫľͺټˣ˵ֶҪƶʵǵġ˵ʵԹʵƳĵҩãֶݻҩЧҪŨһЩ
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ߣû뵽ܽᶯ֣ӣܽ˹ȥȻʦãܽĲˣҪӣ

489 뿪

ˣ򲻻ΥݵĹء涾ŵˣҪܽ֡
ڶŶ꣬⣬·ֵʦá
˽²˶˵򾰵ò̫ڳªûٺǶЩ˶Ľ򾰡
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ֻҪˣôܼʹϲҲûа취ˣֻܽڵİš
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Щ֮ԻڶŲԸ뿪඼Ϊֻ꣬ҪһôҲͻȥˣǰ鷳ӭж⣬еһжصǰǸ߸ϵ׼̫̫ͽܻ޵һ壡
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˵ЩȻ㹻ĵ
Щ͸ĵҩѾеĶغħ˽¹Ҳ͸¶ֻҪԸĻôòҲԻָ
ʵͿʼɹˣϾó鵤Ʒ̫ˣδʹ
֪Ը˵ȻйԼĴ㣬ܶǿʳû˼Ҳ֪϶ΪԼá
ƶ˼£ܴǵõ棡
νĽףѩ̿ѣ
ڵڻָʵУֱ˲٣ֿԺʹǰһ鵤ˡ
ȻƵ鵤ЧƷûóãطѾǲ鵤ˣ
ģԼ뿪˶ҲܺúõĻȥطֲ׼˵㣬׼ҶļҲûУͶļ壬Ʃ硭Լҡ
ЩԼҵĶүһֱδȢʵԶү˽¶κףˡ
Լ䲻ԶүԶүĴǰֱᡣ
ʱԶүüʹˣʹҲƶ鵤ˣվǲܸĵġ
Լҵǲ̫ģԶүһ֮뿪ݡ
ЩԶүһֱڸдźͺܶණҲδ߹Լסź
ʮꡪ
ԶүûԼңԼҲЭˡ
˽£ԼҲ׹ȴûжˣ
ΪʱѾˡ

490 ߰

صԺں󣬱չ˹꣬Ҫ뿪ˣѾʼʰҪߵĶ
껺ͿӣʵҲЩˣĸףûµģ
û£ôû£ۿ죬úõţҴȥԼң
⻰ŵĵԲۣĸף˵Ҫȥ
˵ҴȥԼң̾һԴûҪȥԼң
˵㿴Ź˵򾰣Ҳ߰ɣﲻã
ºͤ϶ֵģҲصǣֻǹؼ½ʲôأǺ˵˼Ѿˣǿ϶Ҫ㶯ֵģ˵ԼǱҲԼУƽݡݶУȻв󣬵
һǰҪԼϧԼһֱûͬ⣡ȥԼңǱضҲڻģ
һȴЩˣĸ㲻Ϊҡ
Ϊ㣬Ϊǣֱӵ˵ЩүҺܺãֻһֱ䲻Ҳ֪үЩһֱ⣬ʲô˶ûУôĴ⣬ûչˣʱ򣬻ᾫƣ
Լ׹ΣΪүҴǰүңˣһ𣡡
꣬ЩӾҪͰܳˣҲԼļͥҲԼӣĸ𣿡
ԾͿף׵ģĸôѡ񶼺ã
ЩҶһֱǵãϲ㣬ԸͶһһǧһԸģ޵һСèһĸ׼ʹ˶ҲܺúõĹҺͰܶúõչ㣡
ĿЦãǰ꣬Ҳʮָп
굽ߵʱ⺢ӲʱԶү˵⺢ӺԵĺơ
Լûз֣Ĳһźɫ룬ǡáҲУԶүûΪͺ׵ԶǶˣԶүҲϲ꣬˽Զүϵ飬Ҳװ֪ӵůԶү
ڣˣһжҪл򾰵ĳ֡
㹻Ҳ㹻ߵԶүߡ
лл߸˵ĳȥʰʱߵߣ㣬ⱲӺ궼Ҫﲻ뿪ˣ
껹ᱻҺˣұ
Զү飬Ҳʵĸ黹治࣬Ͼ޵ǵĺϧÿһ죬Զүˣ̫ѵˡ
Զү˸󣬲㣬Զүȴܺá
Լҵ׼С
˵ʲôллأ˵ôĶҵʦ
ϽҡͷҽĶ࣬һжΪ
űóһӵݸǶųϵӣǿŲ飬ȥã
ʵⶫǳϵڵøȻΥ˹صģһӶضŵĹأȻĲڶŴˡ
б˲ռײռЩΪ˲٣Ҳõ˵ֱȥϽǣǱв鵤ĵЩǵħ趾ŵģǺܹأԶòҲ᲻öͷ˶ϣȥǼǲסһЩҵ壡
ԣ֪ˣлʦ
Ҫ뿪ŵϢܿʹ˳ȥҶ֪ô飬Ҫ£Ҷ۵ʱΨйÿնѹûЩһġ
˽ҲҪҹ֪᲻뿪Ϊǿ϶ߵģôҲܿ꾭Ͱһ
ŻˣôҲû뵽ܽˣҵܽŲ˵˵һ䣬ʹûҲܻܽһ𣬱Ͼϰõ壬˭ȥѡһ̲أ
Ǹŵˣٻ¶˵һ棬Ļȷеɱˣò˶ܽȡ衣ܿܽܽȴԼһ°ܣⲻ֢
ΪҪ뿪һȴ쳣ٵĶͰܵ£˿ûиĵ˼
Ϣͷ۵ĲУǰձ˱չص
˵ϣ£ͤһ˵һ䣬㻹ö뿪˼ģϾǸһĶ
Ҫɣ

491 ʱ

Щ¶ͤ׼ҵƣͤҲõ˲ٵĺô
ĺ·ìܣ߲ٵŮ˶룬ºܶǰµˣȥЩŮ˵ˣȴˡ
˽£ͤҲֹ²£޶ô˵Ľ
¶ͺͤǰز۵ĺӣͤʱ޿䣬ֻȰϽȥĺͺá
ԸͤķԸģҲȥġ
˽ºͤȻܽ޸ĽԨ޴ô޸ҲǺõġ
ǰİȻûʲôڵİȴһˣ
˵ܵĻѾʮֵˣڰһҲǼĴڣյİܱضǰ;ҰܺĽԨ޴һڰһڳģǰһ֪֪׵ˣհܿ϶ĽԨ޴ĸã
ˣΪΪԻԵʮԽӽǰº͵ã
˵һѻ±ȥܽ
鱾ѾˣϾҺ˽ˣ
Ϊŵĳȴڰ鵤Ǳ˶ŵڵ˶һôվͳ׵ǰˣ˭뵽վȻ飡
ԣ̽ʣôϣ
ôϣͤΪԼĽ飬ðһͰȥɣ
˵ʲôҪŵİҪȥЩȴɹ򶨣ⲻҪҪɣ
ѵ𣿡ܻͤ˵˶ţΪʦȴȥ鵤˱͸ϲ˵㣬ǶЩ̫ʴˣǲŸ˵޼ɵ
ôĴΪѵ֪ڧǴôӵ˳ϣⱾǸ飡ҪҪ뿪ȫǶڵĹذ
ɶǣֹҪ뿪Ҫ򾰣֪ģ򾰺ĽԨ޴Ѿˣ˶ôǺͰһĺͳ׵ıˣ
ԶһҪĴˣ˾һҪɱˣ֪Ƕŵ˶ûкý
ԣЦ֪Ҫȥ𣿡
Ȼ֪ص¥ǲܵģ¥ԲҪͽ¥ϵķҲδҪ
㲻ȥ£ļŮǴġ
˵ǱˣľͶˣǾϺͿ˶ȥˣɱô˴ͳ׵ûˣ˵Щ˻ôԴţ
ͤͬãеʱҲҪ̫ͿˣǶŵĳϣǶûˣܺȥأ
ƫ̻ڵľ˵أ
Ȼŵ˲鵤˭˽û鵤أеѡǲȻѡΪĵʦôĶ
Ҫǣڵ̵Լҡ
Ǵǰɱ˾ɱˣҲ£ȴһˡ
ӦԶү£˵ԼǱ߸˻ˣΪ˵Ҫȥļױڣֹж鵤ҪĻľƣ
ڸױ˲ٵĺö˭Ҳ֪򾰵ĵж񣬶˵Щױȫһ֡
򵽵ĶѾƣһ̳ӣε̳ӷǳĴһ̳Ӿò˶ۺ죡ҪǣֹжѾƣ̳Ҿơ
뵽жǳҾƵġ
ݵһ۸Ĺ󣬶ֶڵˮֺ٣ҪƳɾҪٵĿ
˵һ̳ҾƱҪʮҡ
һİҾƣҲ𣬿ϧ͸ƾƵˣƳİҾƣֻҪôһ㣬ûҪܸоڵĶڻıųȥ
ϰĶضܱųȥһˣ˵Чǿ֪ˡ
ڶţҪõһЩҾҲѡ
ϾƲͨʵ˺
һжˡ
ԼЩһֱԶүⲻͺ޲õҪȥֹԸȥô棡Լ̫̫Цĺϲ£죬ֱźԼŮź
ĸŮԼҶ꣬רŸ̫̫ȵˣ˵Ϊ϶
ҲֹźҲǡ
һ˰꣬ߡ
˵ˮȵһĸɮĽԨ޴ߵŮҲ򾰵źˣһжƿصˣ

492 

Ȼв֪ߵ˱
ˮ˳ҵóϢĵҩ˳Ļص˹ߡ
ʵ޵ߣǺ˵ˡ
ץԼˣóʵûʲôΣա
Ⱥȥ˼ؾ˲ٵĺö
ϧɽµϲЩ䱦˹ֱӰЩ˹
ȻҲûп˺ܶĵҩ
뿪ҲãԹ˵ǰȥԼǱƹˣԼϲʦ׼һܴԺӣ治ֹңҡ
߼µĵҩܱ֤ҩϢй̫ʺˣ
ɼԼҶڴǳĸߡ
ȻֻǸ弶鵤ʦԼҵܳΪĴڡȻʹԼҵҲԲ˵ʲôΪԶүϲʹˣּʹ˷˼ʵδĹ˵ȷ٣֮ǰŻΪԼ䲻ƺ˲ٵĹ˼ɣڲҩĵطҲֱʹ
ҲûѡӣҲֱָ鵤ķʽ
ƺղ˵ҲƣΨһ಻⣬ԼʦԹ̫ھˣǷתһ
Ҳû̫ʱǵߣΪҲæƶҪ׬ٵľʯױΪаܵİæҲ˲٣˽궼˵һжһһжڱãõһС
ܿЦõģ
ͷ
ʱѾ׼뿪ŵʱ򣬶ŵˡ
ŵǸѾЩߣصһȥ˰飬ַ֮Ը˰ºͤ˽գܽǹؽ˵
еֶЩֲ
һú
ŵ飬ļҲݵϼ壬ЩʱᶼѡչأҲٳ˵ǰֻҪʲôΣգŻ֣ڱ
ʵ飬ʮֵĸмġ
ǵ˶ŵĳϣҲֵˣںܾǰ㳹׵ûˣ
ˣ񣬡ôˣ
ϷٲأⶾҪ츲ˣߵߣЩ˵˵ôӻҴǰͺ˵ʲôΪѵĵطͺ˵㲻˵ô֪ʲô
΢΢һҵС£ôͷأ
Ȼһô˽¾Ͳú̫˵ŵģҲҿ鵤ʦ˶ʦȻҪ飡ϧЩҳԱչǸľګˣ
ĵ飬ϾĸϵҲò֣Ҳûжʣʱ˵ҲţҲû˵ʲô
㲻˵ʵڲ֪ʲôӣ
̾һЩ꣬ίˣ
Ļʵ٣ô֪ܲĿҲֱ˵̫ԣΪЩȷһģҲûΪ÷ˣòҪڶ£ʵ
Ҳδ˵Լã
ܹȥҲѡ뿪
ҪȥԼң⣬СǸˣô꣬Ϊһ˶ܸжִţҪѡ޹ȥûҲϣĺãһױģ˵Ҳϣ뿪ţϣڶϣ
Ҳ֪ˣ̫ˣǸְûѡǲǿնų£˭ڵڶأ
ϣңȻҪȷ˽ҲνĹ
һºͤȻܽӴ˲ٸң˵ĺֱӣ׼Ǳߣһȥ׼ҵļ˵飬ȻҶŵĳϣҲ׼ҵϱҪ£ҲǲԣһڶѧΪӴ˲̤붾ŵĵ̣Ƕŵˣ
ЦҲɱϾ׼ңұ׼棡𣿡
ʵǶԲ㣬ҽҲǺƤ㣡
뵽ᴦ£ȴû뵽λᴦֱӣͤŹ
⡭ԥһᣬȴ֪˵ʲô
ȷģڿʱ˵ĺݻ

493 

ԴǿУվǲþܾ飬˵Ҫ¡
Զүи˫㣬ԼҵСá
úٻԱ˵ָֻţȴҲĲԡ
ЩԼĵܵܶϲҲ֪ǲ𲻿ģҲվߡ
ȥҵ飬ҵҪÿǶô
ҲףԼọ́ڲٵĵطӣռʹǺҲ˫Ե飡ü˵ҪҵüҲԣ׼ҵҪ٣ҲǲǲϾݣƤ˺ƣ
һգҪ𰸣
ȻҾʹŵ뿪
֪۸Ҳ֪ƢãҪҲһ
Щ˽°ܶ࣬Ҫ뿪ôԻģϲֱ˵飬һ־ͱضɡ
ͷۡ
ּ˰Уټ˼һ̲סˣǻǵ𣿡
ҵºǽ˵ʲôϵΣһȺαӣ
ҪѵϵС͸ĽԨ޴ңɱ򾰺ݺݵˣĽԨ޴վߣƲ˹ϵ˵Ҳ֪ģЩһҵĹϵҲĽԨ޴ȻҲŭңż˼ȥɱ򾰣ô֪򾰺Ͱܻˣżˡ
ȥ򶷵ĵطȥƹȷзµϢһǸѪ䴿ķ壬ǹŷ
˵˵Ƿʮ𣿡
ʮȻΪڣǡѹʮǵϵһǹŷһҲ˵յʵǷʮһѾ϶ģֻϢûųˣ
żûˣŶҪΪܱܵģ˵ҪҰܺ򾰣ܿ϶ǹŷһģ˵
ǹŷôܣһİз̾ǹŷӦľȥ˷壬ʲôݲƽҲ
˵ôһһէģ˴ǰĴ𣿡Ĭõĳڿˣҵʱ˴͹ˣ˵˽йǸ鵤ʦó󷨻ó׭ʱǰѹ˵ŮһĴڣҾ˵ѣôˣȵİȾ˪ɺ룬û׼ģ
ħǱߴϢ˵ħʥŮؾڱðˣؾڵħʧˣ
룬϶ħ뿪ˣûȥݺƽݣضԭģ
һİгĬƬ̣ŷľ˵ĽԨ޴Ƕ׵ģݴ½˶֪顣ŷľӲ˵ѣ˵ĽԨ޴㣬ڹ߶Ҳδ°Ų
ݴ½ϡǶ֪飬ݴ½ıܲңûһĽԨ޴ڣҲǼĽԨ޴ģǱǸޣ˵㣬϶йϵ
ҺĽԨ޴Σ⺢ʮֵĽƶˣңǶ򾰳׹˺ӣҲôĽԨ޴ȴʮֵϧ
һͺˡ
ҪǣŷľƶҲᣡ
ټĿˡ
ôҲû뵽һŷڶţһߵߡ
ǹôһж˵ˣ
ΪʲôƶôΪʲôƳĶƣΪʲôܶ˭˿η壬ΪʲôĽԨ޴ĺãԭǹ
ǴǰŵģضץסΪħһĴڡ
óƿܣ˭Ƴһħأ仹Ϲŵķ
ֹţĹû˿취ڵĹû׼Ѿ߼鵤ʦˣֹݣʹƽݺͲݣҲ˵зˣ
ôԸ
ЩǵƲⰡϿڣѵΪ˶ǹǾҪϺһӣû׼׼ҽˣ£Ҫؿǡ
ûؿǵĻˣ˵֪õģǳǴ飬ҪܶǶη飡
һ˵£Ҿˣ
Ҷ򾰾ǹ
ǹضҲһٶȺܿ죬ƵĵҩͶҶȷǲ
ϣͤ±ͣӡ
Ļһ䣬Ҳû˵ʲôΪ˶򾰵㣬Ƿǳˣ

494 £

Ϻͤ±ֱӱ͵˵ܽѺһ
Ҫϧûлᡣ
󺰣׼ҵķˣôң
׼ҲԽȥǶѧĶҪȫķˣѺµ˵£׼ҵҲᷴԣ
㡭ܹͺ𣬡ң
Ҳ䣿ѺµˣܹĶݣԶûʲôɫɲĴ
ұ죬ʦǡ
»ҪͤϽס졣
㺰ʲôͤҲû뵽ԼĽҲǷ꣬׼ǣ
ͤҲ£ҪȥĿ׼ңʹԹ£Ҳվǲʲôġߵմãȥ˹
ʱĹԺڽƶھϱ׵ĸ죬ĹƶϣѸˣ
ҪǣЩʺϸԦãھȻкһΪԦˡ
ùĸˣԦܻΣҲǲսҲƶʮֵĸǣÿճܲҡ
Żû뿪ţϽѧһᣡ
ȻȴץסùƵҩȴʧܡ
̾һЩˡ
˼ȻƲõҩ!ɫˣԼȥܿʱ飬æȥˣ
ѵ𣿡ҪߣĲ֪𣿡
ɻ󣬡֪ʲô
Ͻ˵һΣȴûʲôӦȻģ
ҾĲҲ飬ʦݣΪ¹ģʱ£ʦ£ҵϣҲζأһߣвԱУ²ű͵׼ȣǻߵģ
ʦֵ
Ц׼Ҳģ
Ϊʲô˵ĵӣ
ǰǣǶŵĳϣ׼ҲŻϿĴڣѾǶŵĳˣԼҵ˼Ǻޣ׼һᱣ𣿡˵ùڵеʱ򣬻ű˸ʹأ
ĻȴҲ⻰˼
һݣҧгݡ
Ǿ˵в߳棬źܶ˶󣬾ͻᷢģ
ʹˣһԻ󣬸ǾԼǶĶˣ򾰲ûֳôҹڲ·ϼ˹
ϵƲģʦģѵ֪öųϵȥǷ˺ܴŹ𣿡鿴Źôˣ
ЦգۣȻôˣ
㲻ôЦѵ֪
ΪִֵɫһУôҲпԭ𣡡˵Ϊʦɣû
ҲңϾд
ԹЦҲƽҲУҾơ
УǱץ治ںǰ飬һ߼Ķʦòء
߼ĶʦƳĶħĻҶҪ棬¥ҲӲС飬ϾƳĶħΪ
óһ̳ӰҾƵݸ飬һ۵ӣƺܹ󰡣
㻹˼˵󷽰ɣһС̳ѾƸϣҪֹþã˵Сɣʦ޵ʱôĶ˵Ҳûô£
˵ҼȻĺôҲõģ
㣡óһյڵľʱá
ǣĶƣǸģԲ鿴е飬飡
ȻΪǸĶԽڲãĵطǲеģ
ҾȻأҲûйص˵ĵز̬Щ죬ǰõֵıˣǲȥռɵӡ
鵤ͶˣҲһЩ˵
Цð
վûдƹݣҲ֪ģҪԼΣͶˣڵҪ£
һȴţŶ㻹ҪСһЩѣһֱӣ˵õĿܡõĿܣǷ껹Ϲ

495 ү

ѣʵħѹˣ˵ɱħħˣ
˵ǲ֪иңЩԨԴ
ͷ嶼߸ϵ޼壬ǲͨģǸͲиˣԺ˸֣Ȣ˽ҵŮӣһúս
ҵŮһ˺ܶ꣬ħ
ħ岻ֱ֪ˣ˹ץƳɿܣ
ˣҵŮҲȥˣӡ
Ӻ顣
˵Ŵ˸ħ˿飬˲ֹʹħ壬ŵǵҲʲôöǺаħմһĶǶ֮ǣ
ǡ룬˽н𣿡
ħһֱǹҽ񣬶û취뿪ݣħҲǺͨģҲûùϽȥݣ˽»͹˵һЩħ顣
ҾͲ֪ˣҡͷҵ̫ˣ񽭼ҵδضнҵѪҵ˺ܶຢӣǸսȻǽҵˣȻܲ̽ģҪҰæ𣿡
ˣҾһʣ˵ǻ˵˵Ұɣ
ʣҲټѯʡ
ʵݵļҵҲֻͣЩұ͵һЩȻҵ͵ҲΪǵ˹е£ͶҵŶżħħļ
ڲݺƽݣͱץˣ޵Ҳܼɵˣ޲ɱƫƫģȴҪţ
ط̫ˣԼʹ֪żֵܵĿҲȥѯʲôϾͶûʲôϵν²ؼ߸߹ģݵĴʵˣ뷨ʵ鶼࣬ǶѹԼаʧԶԸȥѯʣżֵܰȵס˺ܶꡣ
ĳ֣˵뿪ĳ֣ŶᶢϹҲǺ顣
֪δסħŶԹҪܶĵҩάԼȫ
飬˽ºҪݣʱԶүˣ
ԶүһݵһȥԼҶûлȥ
ǵһμԶүԶүòӢȷ˸ź׳ʵļǹͭɫüȻڣȴҲʮգԶүĵʵģƫһЩԶүȴƫһЩ
˫һߵǰסԸ޸𣿡
Զүĸ߳٣˶ĻС
ǴǰȻƿԺﻹиʹƤٺҲ˼ùԶү
𣡡˵ͽأ
ͽܣֲˣԶүɿϽӻóһӸϣҴһƷĶԵͿռãĶˣ
˵Զүֿһ۹Ц¶׵ݣҵһμ㣬Ӧø񣡡
Զү룬ִӿռָﵹڳһЩݵݸţ
Щݵļ۸񶼲ͣԶүȻĸˣЩصĶ˿
Ҳûлʦ
ԶүЦĳƺ⣬һˣ˵Щ̫ڼˣ
ԶүҪ˵꣬Լ뿪ƫƫȴקŹԶү˵ү˵Լڱɽиң
УԶүҿƶ鵤ֻ߼µģǵҩϢˣйģʵһħԪԸʺ鵤
Ҫȥ𣿲ҾڵĸһЩ

ôҲû뵽ԶүȻ˵˵ϸ
Ǽ亱Ĵڣĵطҳòۺ졣ΪžǿԿɾʯģ
Զү˵ˣɵ˵Լ
طһЩ鵤վûй¶Ϣ㿴𣿡
ʲôԵģԶүק־ͳԺȥھͻȥĸףĸ׿϶ͬģӲãһЩɣǼҲȱЩҩʯЩҲ˲٣ΪʯġҺ˵СЩ꣬ʵ˲أҼ˶֪ҽҲ֪Ұ
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ʵѾǺܴòˣ
ԶүûгףԼѾʼԴˣɼԼĲԶүٱ˵뿪ˡ
Ůӵ඼ϲƫŵޣԶү˵ȷ֣ǲûŮϲԶү
Զү׵ʱ򣬱ң˽ҪԶүһȡ
Զү뿪ѹǸϵˣԲֹûбüԵķʽЩ˳׵ġ
˽Ҳ˲ٵĹϵ˺ܶݣΪע⣬Ķ弶ݣżһЩݣ濪ʼԣǲѾϤ鵤ˣ
¿ʼƵҩҲల¡
ʹˣҲδѯʹܶ飬˵δӺ׻һЩ顣
ã˵ÿ˶Լܣȫң
ֻҪҵ߲ǺңҲһҪ֪˭
ҲãǱҲգûйϵģ
ȷǸƽˣദʮֵʱˮȺ׵ļҲ׵ĿˣܺĽԨ޴йǱҲҴҵĸ˹ȥ׵ĳʵˮȵĺڣطһĺΪ϶ĺˮ׵ĸˣʱĵⱾɿݵĺʼ𽥳һЩվںϷҲһЩ
ʵط𽥵ĳֵʱ򣬹ŷǷǳĴһۿͷ
׼ˣ˵ѾˣһֺɫĵǾͿԽȥˣ
ãҲǵһβμļУҲЩ棡
źգ׵һоҲ𽥵չƼվԼǰһźɫĳ۴ߣһɼŨصħ˼ʹԶԶĶܸܵħǵħһݵȽطǹߡ
ڽ˹һЩ󣬱ĽԨ޴뿪ط
°ܳ£ĽԨ޴ţԼԽ˼С
ħ̫ŨˣʹòֺοڵİȾ˪ƫƫԦħȴϲϢ˳
Լ̫ۣҲһɫĳۣóĶñסԼòԼϢųħϢ
ںףΧһɵˮΧȻǵòȴܸܵõǵĸˣڼ˺ܾã˲ٵĶݺ͵ŻĳŰ˵ĵطȥ
¥ʵѹۣȴ٣Ⱥ˸¥¥һһס
¥СֱӷֳСԺӣԺһͿ˺ɫᣬһǰɫᡣ
ɫ߷ŵݣɫȴǶݡ
ܶ˶ȥ˰ɫߣҲ⡣
أӴһ꣬ǲһģûߡ
Ȼûħһһŵߵò
ҲɳƣҪ߼ݣ
߼걾ЦĹɣ仰Ҳ΢΢һ˵һ䣬ôܻ߼ݰ˵Цˣ
հ˵óһöĵҩݸ꣬Ҫöҩڿ𣿡
鵤඼Ե¥öҩȴƷʺܸߵĵҩǸۣһ۱㿴ҩĲͬѰ
ϽԼŵӣĽӹĵҩҴȥƹģ
˺Χ˵Ŀⶼˡ
Ǻɣôˣ
ɲ̫˭ȻúӴȥ˹ң
˭֪̫˭̫ſ϶ǸĽɫȻͺ۽磬ȥ𣿡
иʦĲˣֱˣͷСء
˶۵ʱ򣬹ѾطĹ¡
±ǰòڣʹּϰ˺ÿ˵ˣҲǰĹµòƬʧ
ǸŵˣżƵģֻôǳǳһЦƴ⣬ƴˮ
ʦµĿᣬźݹĵҩðµʦⵤҩǴأ
ⵤҩҪ𣿡ɳƣѵøƹҵ˭
أµĻش𣬱ǸĻش𣬡ðˣ

497 ֪

µǺĸףͣơ
ͣطĹ£վŲٵû˸Һͣơ
ȻҲ˵ͣǿòߵڵλϵģʲô취ĳɹ
ֻһ𣿡ͣúȥ󣬲ʹ
˵ȿ߼ݰɣ
ҪЩأͣʡ
óһӽͣƣͣĿ΢΢һƺ̫ˣ
µģⶫܾˣ򵽣˵۸Ҷ֪һЩһЩҲܽܣ۾ˣҿˣ
ͣҪЦǰ˼ʹ֪ӵ˵ģض̫ڲԼòͣƲǿòµˣֻҪ˭ܸ棬ҪĶ
ԣ۸дģͣдһ۸дһǰ۸֣ǵʦΪҳפĵʦô۸񻹿٣
ŶפͣƵĻù΢΢һʲô˼
رǲһģ˭ĶǶʣֻҪⶫƷʺãǶգȻҲʲôöգͣƽͣǲ鲻˭۵ģҲرƣ
ȻҲƣĶٺãҲû֪֣Ǹ㣡
νפʲôöôҲۿ۵ġ
Ʃ㣬Ը۵ۿۣ
Цֻоۣ
ǵһμ˸˸ߵۿۡͣҲЦˬʣǹб£õۣҲǲܵģ
ðӦˣݺƽҲǵ𣿡
ȻУͣƺģرںܶطˣ
ͣ˵óһɫСָݸ붼û˹ͣһ߽ͣرפƽͲҪóˣв˵ġرóµĿǾˣ
ҲЦУͲҲǵĳפˣ
㲻ᣡͣƺģǸˣ룬ҲҪЩνΪЩ˵ٵģǾʯʵ
ͣƵȷ˵ûʹ˴𽻵ȷûôۡ
û˵һԴӰó˲ٵĵҩ˺ܾõĶҪʵݣҲҪľʯ
ͣƱΪóһĵҩܲˣǰǰڷһӵĵҩͣһҲɵۡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻԴǸ˵ǸҲ̫ҩҪʦĵʦǶǩԲй¶Ϣ
!ǲ
ͣƵķԸʦ˽ȻǺܿ˼۸һǧʯ⻹΢ѹ˹ļ۸
ЩҩƷʵȷܺãõȻ̫УԼ۸ϻҲΪЩݵԭ
˰˰һЩݺ뿪ر
ȹһߣվͣߵ˸Ͻ˵Ҫȥﶼǵˣǰģ
ǴǰҶȻߵģͣ˵Ҿá
ͣ˵һ٣Ȼһŵҩ˵Ƿ˵ŵҩƷʲãݵĶôݲݣضˣ
ǰЩ˲ٵˣǶڴһλĵʦ˵ʦòɫһó׭󷨣Ǹѵһţͣ˵һɷߵǸˣ
˵ǹһĵʦ˵Ǿ͸ץˣ
ץʲôһӵҩ𣿼Ȼţôջ᲻Ϊ߼ĵʦ߰˼أͣ˵ԼģܳΪ
ʦЩµô룿Ϊ߼Ͱ˼ʦôóΪߵزܲˣӦץƵҩҪץͺˣ
ͣЦͿ
ȻܴͨݵĴΪһ׼ûǼҾǲùҵԾͣƼ˵ҵԾã
ЩʦԣȻȴҲ˵ʲôˡ
ͣ
ͣƵԾȷûһط˷׭󣬱㱻ΧסҪĶųħﵷң뿪ˣ
ħǸĴڣʵ˭ûϢͳ׵ĴˣͣߵϢ󣬸ͣˡ
ħڣֹûˣ˰ɣ

498 

꼯еĹȥ˱߾ҵ˰ܺĽԨ޴
ħΪһɫĳӸڹߣǸ˵˵Щ۵ĶǸȫɱˣ
ⶼûгŵģǵѵ󻹸
ҲЦϢҪȥˣ
ȥʹȥ£ħǲںħҲֹһħɶˣҲ²ⲻ˭
ħǲԼй¶ϢΪڼϴ˽Ϣ
˵˱չˣչ˺ܶꡣ
˵رǴڵ޵ˡ
ĺãħȻǸ˵ģһ·Ҳ˲ģߴߴĺ͹˵֪ˣ
ȼܵʱ򣬰ܻħĴڡ
Ϊһ壬ʵʮЩħĶģɰܲһЩäĿιˣΪߵ˺ͶõģѹħĴڣóٵĶħ󣬲ź͹˵顣
иСؾܺ˷ܣвٵĶݣ
ħïʢĶݳĿ϶ܺãҲ̽ΧСؾҪˣЩȥƣ
Ҳ֪طУô궼ûй¶ؾϢضĹػסģط϶϶ħ˽ȥ˵ȥĻδܰȵĳĿǺ𣿡
ȥ꣬ǿԵĻȥģܻش𣬡ûʲôãϲɼͬĶݣҶҵˣڣѾһˣҲҪȡ뷨
ĳȥһĽԨ޴ƺҲȤ
ΣΣգԼǲҪȥˣΪܶ඾ݶþʯ򵽣αȥðա
ĽԨ޴ȥԼҲͷ
ͬ˰ȥ
ȥɣ˵ϲȥҲģ
ϣԼϲ鶼ˣôǺܿɱ
ȷװʲôˣδҪֹܣô޵ʲô
ڼһƵҩһҪȥݷðͼڡ
͹ԤһͼǾܾκ˵ģ
鶼ӣǰͼǾܾ˵ѾˣԸټˣִİͼڣûʲô취
ͼסĵطһĻ󣬼ʹȥҲδƽ⡣ͼڲ߼ڵʦµ󷨣ûһơ
ܼͼڣôҪ´򿪴ͺˡ
Ҳʱ򣬰ͻȻҵ˹㣬ǲͼڣ
΢΢һô֪
εЦЦ˵ģ
ȴǹģǰܱ̫࣬˿˱˹뷨
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ʵҲģſΨһͼڵĻᣡ˵ؾͼߵһȥ
ͼֻ˿ֵΣ󻤷ںܶǰ˳õĻԣֻһˣ
һȥضؾʲôﵽ
˵Ҳ˰ܵ˼
ֻҪӽ˰ͼߵһô֮ͼҲͲˣܾòԼ˵ǾòקȥؾڣϾ˭֪νȥΣա
ҵлл㣡˵Ӧøҵģҵȴͼڡ
뷨ܼ򵥣ؾΣգҲȥ
ݻڵҲȥ
Ǹʧ˵ˣȻӦ˰Ⱦ˪ҲӦݴ½ˣȻҪ顣
ֹ޽£ħҲѶԸ
԰ͼǱҪģ
ܼ˵ʵҲһ¹ԼȥʵΪһЩôڹǸĵˣҹҲûЩ߸ϵ˵ĲԸڹ£ĺܲ
ΪҪȥĽԨ޴Ҳȥˡ
ϢҲӰһ崫ҡ
ŶϢ󣬡϶һֱֹȥôҿôֹңؾҲҪȥ
ؾھ˵ħˣΣգҵ˻ش𣬡ȥĻµģ
ѻ죡һΰϽ˵Ļȥô£Ҳǹ£
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ŶΰƥҲͲƽΰŮǸͿˣ
ܿ죬㵽ؾӣɺʹǰһݣ˰ܵ󣬰ŮһĴڡ
ĽԨ޴ûվһһվһ

499 

ʵ֪ؾ˴඼ԼϵˣǱ˴ϤڿͻȻð˵ʱ򣬶˺صĵ⡣
ҪǰʰܣǸϽ뿪Ҫ¡
ʱ򣬺Ⱥ˳ߵЦ˵ּˣͣ
ر󣬶Χ˶ٶرϵҲ֪Ǹʲôӵˣ
ͣصĺӣԺҲ˸߸ϵӣ˭ǲмһˣЩҲ֪ӣ˽ûǼʹ棬ۿ
ú̬ȵˣ϶һˣ
ضرĹͣ
ҲΪΧҲûٶʲô
û뵽ԼϢòɱ˳
˵ָϵĽָܸӦرĳפ
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һʱ뵽ı޺ֿʵͣ˿ֳ޺ʵǸʮֻ˵ĴڡͣҲ²ݣûжʲôΪͣڶģڶ飬ΪĵʦͣƹﱾͲǸʲôƵˣԻᾡһҲģҹͣƾйץס˼ǰϵĶҶ
˲ֹ
ԭԺһЦû뵽Сµģ
㻽Һɣ棬˶Ҫƺһٹ£Ǳ˺С£ǻġǹȻùڷԼڿԼС
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ʵǰչߺͣƱԶͺ˵ԼĲ²⣬ôҲû뵽ԼӴһˣȻǴġ
û˵ĹΪЩ˶̽ӣʹôùȥˣݵɺʹǰһʱ򶼺ʹˣ˵ʱ򣬶ù˴İȾ˪
ͰȾ˪һžɫòǴһ޾ĹҲͼˡ
վ˺ǰȴڸ˱ԼòһͨŮһαװϲ¶Ϣȴܸо̬
ͣƸǸߺ˵ռʱһҪúõĺĵиԼ»ΪһĴڡ
Լĸ׵ĻŲɣЩһֱø׵Ԥ׼Ǹ׼ٻԤ飬һĵҩ˸ףҲ顣
ںԣʯһĴڡ
ڼ˽׺·ˣ䵽иСؾ˵Ƕʦż˶ݵϢҪȥ
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ˣȻѡȥʦĲ֪ʦʲô
Ժ⣬Ȼ׵ġ
ԶүѧϰƿܣҲ˽ʹҪôƿܣټĽԨ޴İæĸտܡ
ĸտǹݱȽӲʯͷ죬һЩԦĻǣܲĴܣʮֺüԦ
ЩԦ͹ĬֻҪţǾͲᷴɹҲùʮֵаȫУ
رƵĶ𣿡ƹȥҸʮ㣡
̲סЦԪޣ㰡
æӵ飬һһЩҩȥģ
˭;ʯȥأҲǣ
ԲԸΪЩСΪĴڣΧ˶ǵĵⷴûôصġǵĿ𽥶ĽԨ޴ϡ
ĽԨ޴ǽޣǱЩ˵ĽԨ޴ԲʲôƲ磬ȴҲʲôöԸˣҪȥĽԨ޴鷳ܶԸĽԨ޴Ǳضܾˣ
ڣ޵ĴһֱǿģҾ˵ȺһڵǱħʱʹ򶷵һ¡
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ĽԨ޴ȷǲںЩ˵Ŀ⣬һűĿⶢŶڣ
̲סҪĽԨ޴鷳˽ؾǵĶ
ͬʱˣؾˣע£һߣ
һ䣬˵Ŀ˶ڣ

500 

ڴʱıһɫĹâӿͶ£˵ϣ
ƽĵ棬Ҳڴʱʼ񶯡
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ŵ񶯵ΧɽƺӰˣΧƺϰĳΨмС¶ʧӡ
Ҳǵһ̽ؾʶһ㣬ȴסˣ
˵ͬʱϳķ˵˽ţû˲ˣȴ漣ûܵ˺
󣡡˵Խôͻܵ˺£ֻҪܰȫĽؾ
󣬶վԶһ꣬ȴһߡ
źɫĹâô󣬵ڿʼ䣬һ޴ĶѨ˵ǰΧĳڿѨΧǺɫɰʯһּľ
ΪղŹﵽ˺Ժ͹͸¶棬޺ħˣСģ
лϢԹԵȷҪҲԺ˵֮һȽȥʱҪƬ̣Сı̫汻׸
ȵ˵ɹǡ
֪˵ʲôǶԵģֻһĹ󣡡ش𣬡СģҪˣ
ҪʹʲôȴͻȻס˵㱻һֵϢˣʱĺԺȴǹĻϽͬʱȴΧ˴󺰣˭ڶȡҵ
СģֵĶ˻ǵ
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ңҵʧĺÿ졭
ΧȵﲻĴйȥˣغƼһ棬ƺûʲôȤΪʱͨûʲô
ȤЩвˣһһԵļ俪ġ
ѾΪߣ˫ͨȻħģΪܸߣЩȫܺ;أǱ˲ٵغûüֱӱ̽˸УҽĻᶼûһ亹
ЩԼס˸׵Ļǰ͹˵Ȼ͹ʾãҲ¹
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߰ɣܶԹ˵ұж
ɲжһ㿴һž޴ʹƺЩһ泤ֵĹӡ
΢΢üҪӵ֣ȴǾϲ˵Ƕ
ǱľõϵܺǿģⶳֻвݲУΪݵʮֵŨⳡϵĶȴǵһμ֮治У
ʱ򣬷޵ߵľȴˣϿΧˣĿǲơ
ħ˳ûԼı壬վҲֻһδ׵˻ߣԼħʱ㿪ʼˣѹƣҲУȻǲģȴҲò뿪
ȾһߣſʼɼϵĶһЩܣûоܾΪЩȷҪҲһЩã
պϵĶĽԨ޴ҲԶ˹
ʹʱĽԨ޴ɸɾǹŨصѪζȴǴĺԶħŶúǲЩ㶼ɱˣǿɶħħĶ

501 ǻ

ʵһμĽԨ޴ʱħ֪ǰ˲Ƿ֮˵ݴ½ߵ˺ݴ½ǲһģ
ݴ½ϡݴ½ı˺ѿƵסԼΪҲڽ·û̫谭ı޵ߣƲסԼӶ߻ħ
ݴ½޵ƺԱ˵ĵСǺ޲ɱеı޵ߣĽԨ޴ʵǹĺܼѵġ
ǰ꣬һ˿˿ڣ
üĿ续ʹ˵ʱֻվţͦɰصˣʹڶݴ½޵ҲͻΪаһѪҺϾʹڰһڳİܶûʡ
ʣʵš
һӵǿߵʣֹأкԭ
Ȼԭ򣬶ΪйԵʣ
ĽԨ޴ϵѪζħòħƺźǿħǿ׵ִһħҲܵĳĽԨ޴ɱöʵ
ˣĽԨ޴ƺҲʶԼϵζûбȫһϴϵζûôغ󣬲ߵߣҷʱ˶Ϸһɫĵ⣬˵ǵ̹аɫСɳ棬طضŲٵĶݣȥ
ΧʵĽԨ޴֪ĽԨ޴ĹȴĻ
šûжĽԨ޴˵ĵطȥ
Σֻܸϡ
һ·ߵļ䲻˳ɵһȺŵʱͻȻһ硣
ĽԨ޴ʶֵס磬ȴĸоɿڴŵǺ޲ð˺һ
ԡĽԨ޴ԼѾڣݵϢ
ǡҲˣȷݵϢֱӳŹĵطȥ
ЩˣǸطȥ
ħҲһȰΣա
ǵĻȷ٣ɹҲݴ½ĿģӲΪһֱסǵݴ½ˡ
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ߵÿһȷűĸǿһҰĵŮӣɹȴǸϲǿȨˡǿ뱣ߵˣĻ󣬱ʹǰһ˹
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