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 1 


ݶؽ˺üĴѩԼԼѾҪͣơ
ƮѩǰڵĴѩֻͬƮһƬƬëСѩ
÷԰÷ڶ￪ø⽿ޣƮѩӳ
Ժڣһλ湫ӣһϮִ衣
Ŵһɫνٵƶȹڰԣﻹһ̽񻨵¯űϸǻһ̿裬̿յ
ڰһߵģةฮĴӣҲĴ罪
մһɫĳʱΧ¯ڶģüͷһӣЩ岻
ٿһȻԵõӣԼСһҪ䲻ӣ̲סЦһ
ɹýŵһۣҲɹˡ
ӣ۲תü۴ЦʵСãȷˣ
һϷŵĹ۸⣬Žϸϸ׽ţ֮˵ͷʾԼˡ
ҲùһŽٴʵ治ˣ
Űĸȥǳȷ˵ˡ
ǹдһЩʤζȻȷˣҿɾӴ
Ȼ˵̧ˣȴٳûӣΪ̫˽ˡ
Žüɫģž;òԾĸ㣬ϸض̿һ£ܿ췢˶ߣڽ׼ӵʱ򣬺һ䣺һ¡
һЦĴСѾͷֶˡ
ûȽŰѻ˵꣬ٵذˣȫĻᡣ
죬ŽˣƵغһ磬ͼҪһԼҪľ档
ǽ޶ԣͷһ£ȵ˵޻ڣο飬㶼˵ģԱװ޹˵ûѹ㡣
˵꣬ڽʹļֺڲѵ£Ƶһһİİȫˡ
ſϵİһһ٣ʱ÷һԵĹ۸ź۹Ǹⶼˡ
Щ˵ˡ
Դ˵ЩοĻ˽ѽˣ˽
һӣò¶֪϶ˡ
ӿһȻϵİѾٵĿˣһ룬ˡ
ڰԱ£ŽųЦţѽ
ŵһۣý΢΢һ£Ʋ˵Ҷ˵һģЦһأǻ𣿡
Ҷ˫һ̯Цһ޺Ҫһ첻Ц㣬ĻŶ
ȽҶһ䣬ֱӾ̧֣ҪȥĶ䡣
ǽҶ֪һֵʱһ㵽˽棬Ȼ󻹲²۵磬ҪҶ䣬һҲŮӡ
Ҷ˵һ顣
һӣڵվŵýҶæܣһһ˵㿴㣬ӣô׼˵˰
䣬ýž׷˳ȥѩ׷Ҹ
ССֵģֻε΢΢һЦ;˴֡
˰죬һѩ򣬶ҶԶԶģͬһѩȽеѩҪϼ֡
һƴĸоϽ˳˵ˣһȾ˷纮Ǻܵġ
Ȼ˵ˣźͽҶһۣĬİѩһңȻЦˡ
Цûϵѩɨ䣬εҡҡͷĳ˵ѽϽȥѣЬ඼ʪˣҲһȥˣСĸȾ˷纮ȻҪ߶ˡ
һԼҴϵ߶ҶѸˣǻݻȥˡ
ͬ±߶ĽţҶˣҲʵʵﻻȥˡ
ݣһˮЩҶͽ̿ϣȻùһԵ;￴
źܿ컻һϲƽУʽˮư˱ˮȹ˳һ߽ҶҲѣպô˽
̿ϵĲѾķڣʵãˣҪ𣿡
һԣĵطŽԱߵҡҡͷһ򲻰Ȳ裬ǴԽ֮ǰڴԽ֮󣬶ڲϲȲϰߣǸĲ˵ġ
Լһ裬Ҷʵأ
Ҷͬҡҡͷ
ЦЦԼһ裬˳һյʱ䣬ƽϲĶҶҲϲŲϲĶҶҲһǲϲġ
ҾԼˡ
豭ᴵһ£Сһ£֮͵˲ɫͨ͸ڴ㣬ϧ衣
Ҷ˫ֳ°ͣڷĽſһۣƷĽʵ磬ǸŽջ᲻
ûлشֻǶŽһ䣬Сãأ
ü΢壬һţ;ͷۡ
һǰԽģԭϲˣǸǡֲϲԭƫƫ˻˻Լ
ԴԽԭļ֪֮ŻŵʱԭͶǸ秵òѡ
Ǹԭϲţ־ةฮƴǸȣةฮףһʼةǰٰ㲻ϵģκֲԼŮϲЭĴӦˡ
˲뵽ǣˣ֪ԼԼةฮ֮󣬾һҪ˻顣
ŷһƮѩü˵շѩС˲٣ŴŻɣ
ϾԭļУΪܹԼ˻飬ǹη꣬´ѩǹ̶ÿ͵ةฮݷһˣǰǸةòᡣ
Ż䲻ã洺ҴһɫаСͨ죬Сһ·Сܹ
һѾˣﲻ⿩һ£룺ˣǸˡ
ҽţǶŽͽҶȻŽ˵С㣬ˣ˵Ҫ㣬ظ϶ϲߣүˡ
ǳ˳飬뵽ǰεİݷãͻȻЩةˡ
ΪһԽߣôҲ벻ףԭνǳǵģʮֵۺ񣬵ΪʲôͿһôϵأ
벻׵ǣһС˵ﲻ˵ϲŵŮ
ǽôҲû뵽Ųϲԭúÿְŵģ෴ϲˣȻǸϲ赶ŪĽС㡣
һɧøմԽĽžˡ
ȻһҪ˻£ֵ궼֪ةÿϳҪͬŴȤ
оŵĳ֮Ժ㣬ة඼֪˶ٻˡ
һڵԼظ˵ȥظ˵һõҪ˵Ϊһ˲ֵá
֪ˡ
̤ӣСų÷԰
վһֱվıԼһ񣬴ѶϣϵˣñӾ׼ţҶЦʵˣ
תͷһЦˣѵ𣿡
Ҷһʱת̤ӣԱߣɡ
ܿѩһƬӡһſڿ޵ĺ÷룺ŶԭԣϲˣǶһԽ˵žֻһ秵ο˽գǾ͸Ӧһ涼ϵ·˼ˡ

 2 


ƮŶëСѩǰããһƬ
һһѩϣսսذֽɡţܿһСһĽӡ
÷԰ǰҪҶס԰پд԰Ȼ󴩹ɽٵ԰֮ٴţͱ㵽ǰԺ
ƽ÷԰ǰԺֻҪһӵʱ䣬ǽ˺üյĴѩټϽߵĻǰԺʱ򣬱Ѿ֮ˡ
ţ㲻ʶô
ɽһֻŸ̤ǰԺǰﴫŭ춯
ýŽŲһ٣ǱŭֱϤˣԴԽټÿҪҪ˻ʱ峼˵ġ
˶֪ةཪ峼˹š
ξƽʱ˹ŵĽة඼ʼˣֱŸòˡ
ҪûǴĻвʶôţҪةฮĴˡ
Ȼһӣžõ˵ˣͿ͡
ڽſҲһϵģˣƫƫûһӡ
Ӳվıֱѩվһ㣬˵ة࣬뽪Сʵ⣬ϣةܹȫС˻һҪ󡣡
ǲӣ峼ŭ˵һţҪ˻£ةฮ˷Цҳȫ㣿
峼ЦһҲƣ㲻ֻһţкʸ˵ҳȫ
뽪峼ŭʮƽ˵ة࣬ǿŤĹϡ
ûŰʣµ˵꣬峼ֱӶſںˣҼܳȥ
˺ܿΧţ׼ֵʱһֱվǰԺŵĽųˣѽѽΪһʿôԽ˰Ÿܳȥأ
һ䣬žǰȥ
ߵ峼ǰǸһӣŶһԵҲ΢΢һ¡
ԼŮ֣峼ɫһЩʵôˣ
̫ʦ£һۣŻӦ峼Ļ˵˵ǵֱòᣬŮǰƣ˳һЩ顣
峼Ҳ£ϵĲˮһڣ֮ʵŮҪ£
ûлش峼ʻֻٴεؿһۣ֮ʵţִҪ˻飿
ŻӦǣСͬҽԼ
ұǹЦ٣Ҳأ
С㲻ϣСֻţֻнԼһա
Ż䣬žͿɫۿɼٶȺ
ţһѾҵĲˣȻҪţǲðҵѽ
ｪ峼˳һؿڣЦ˵ţŮ֤ӽ֮ةฮˡ
峼һŲ豭ֺ˲衣
÷԰ϹĽͽҶ⻰ĬĶһۣĬԷʵС⻰˼ĪҪŽԼˣ
⻰˼ĪҪŽԼˣ
˵֪ǽȥơ
ǣͽҶһǰһǰ̫ʦϵĽ峼뺰һ
峼׵һͷ
Ȼ˾Ϳһֻ°ͣһֻ棬ЦųʵţԼǽˣպͨˣɾҲûлתˣҪϸ𣿡
ִϣһ˵СѾĺˣлС̧ϧСˣֻùСһƬˡ
֪һ㶼ϲԭ
ǴԽͬϲ秵ǼȻͽ˻ԼʡҪһţɱڰˡ
Ҳա
ǳЦһȻվĴ˵ңȥ˵ҪǷŵĻ顣
סˣΪԼˣƬ̲ŷӦ漴һ
ſһֹۣסˣͽҶͬסˡ
Ҳһ㶣ϲüңЦ˿زסŽž;һлСȫ
ڽźŵĻԼةฮԭûм˿õģǽҶԭͲôŵġ
ʱһ˵ҶȷӦ˹Ŵ˵ŸСȥȥǡ
ŶūϾȥ
СųǰûһʱСŻˣȸղŶһ
ҰѻԼݸţһֽӹֻ̽λӡŻԼ֡
дʲôݣûзΪһЩ򵥵壬壬Ծ㿴Ҳǰ׿
ŹһЦѻԼǰһݣӵʱְָ˻ȥһ˫εڰУһЦʵţ治һˣ
Ҳûҡͷ
ۣͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ȻǶһô
һȦģ
Աߵĸ⻰Ҳһ²͸Ҫʲôˡ
ĻԼ飬ȻһЦ˵ӮˣԼʹϣӮˣ͵ðŻԼϣӭȢңΣ
ʵʲô
ӣЦûͣܲܰˤˣΣ
峼һŭѵֱ֣£˶Ϸ
Ҳ˵Сãⲻ䶨𣿡
ü𣿡
Ҳڽ峼ͽֻһ޸֮Ůӡ
ΪʮһɫعɲԼһŲǿɾ̫ԲԼûԽ֮ǰõȫȭھˡ
ЦЦƵţҶ𣿡
ġ
źԥ˵ģüͷûһ£Ѹٴڽ峼˶ûӦʱ򣬾ץסŵ֣ȻһƯĹˤͰ̵ڵء
Ƚ峼˷ӦʱѾڵϣѾ̫ʦϣŶȺŲ衣
峼ĿɿڴЩŵӣŷ²յ֣ͷһڵϵţͬĿɿڴŲŵӡ
Ƭ̣Ŵӵվϵ䣬ɫѾָ֮ǰƽˣ˵ˣһᰴնԼѡһӭȢСģվȸˡ
һ䣬תߡ
΢΢üλŵĶƷǲġ
Ҫߣ̺ţȵȵȡ
ת֪С㻹к£
ŰѻԼһ˻ԼϣӽһʶףܹԸӭȢˡ
סˣԼ˵ϣһԽҶǿȥˣԼһߣȻڻԼϣϽߡ
˵һ䣺ллС㡱ž뿪ةฮ
ҶԱһգ׼ҪʲôͿ峼һӣ˵ˣȻȥЪˡ
峼ԴȰ˵ţЪȥɣ
תȥæȥҶӣҲ͸š

 3 


ǰŶ˲ϳɡ͸ı񣬶ƮСѩȹһ·ܻ÷԰ġ
һ÷԰ţžϵĶûȡͶյžž̿ǰﲻͣعŰӶµĶС
һߴ˫֣һСţˣˡ
֪͸ÿ쵶նģͲӦøǸīģԼŶˡ
ֹסĶ£̲סľ̿迿һ㣬ٿһ㣬֣̿Ŷ޲ܱ̿ͺá
һʱ
Ųž¶ȻůһЩҲѾǰ˻󻹸ŽҶ
ԼС̿ǰ϶ûȡӣæֽɡպ÷ź󣬽ſ˵С㣬ղܵôЬǲǶʪ͸ˣ
һ˵ŲŸоЬӺʪ͸ˣѹôãȴܸоЩ䣬ԭĹؼǴӽŵ״ġ
ĵʵС㣬Ҫˮݽ𣿡
Ҷˣҡҡͷ˵Ͱʪ͸Ь໻һ¾ͺˡ
վһվſڵĽҶһ·ŷĳһͨ͸壬һͬ幤µĶһ㲻𣿡
ҶŲӣ̿ǰ£һǷ˵ֵжѪգ֪Ϊ
˵꣬Цһ£Ц껹Ȥһҿɲ㣬ųһʱͶøʲôƵġ
Ҷ䣬ý̧־Ҫȥ״æ˵С㣬ȽݻЬɣǸȾ˷纮ɾͲˡ
һ뵽ҪǸðˣҪԿҪҩҪϸ߶Ŵһæȥ
ҶǶűգգۣ˲ǵСѾͷģ͸ŽŽݡ
ܿ죬ŻЬ࣬˳Ҳ֪ǲãûЬ֮󣬲ÿ˶˲١
Ǿ仰ϻ˵öԣӽ
ȻֻҪѽŸˣ˻Ҳͻˡ
Ż¯ڰķǰ£ץһѹӾ
Ƭ̣ϽҶһЩֹģŰѹӿǶ̿ܿӿǾͱճ˻ҡ
ӣװ˵ʲô
ҶԱߴ˴գѯʵôͬŽԼ
ָָʾ˻ղλãһ˵˵˵ôʲô֪Ůܲװ
ҶյúܽˣͲֱ§ļˣü˵ǿǵ׽ܣһôˣѲɻ˸˵лɣ
ǵûС
ֻ̫ϰߣ˵ʱ˿ô
Ҳü֪ǽˣôһôѾ𣿡
½ҶĬˡ
뽪̥ƫƫһյʱСʱ໥ֵġ
ǲ֪ʲôʱ𣬽Լһյʱŷһ㡣
ŵЦһҲǿˣֻǴȤЦôһǲⰡ
Ҷ壬һֽĬе׵ӡ
״Ҳ˵ˡ
˾ྐྵӣֱһ
ΪһڽſǻĽҶ̲סȿˡ
ֻҶץŹӣ̲סͷԼٴѯʵ㻹û˵ôͻȻʹӦŽԼأ
û˵ֻ̧ͷһ۴⣬⺮Ķ죬ĺ÷ʮֵĽޣ֦ϵѩӡǺÿˡ
̿յžž죬ܶΧķţʮ־ס
̿žž˲֪ãڽҶ̲סҪѯʵʱ򣬽˫һ̯ν˵ͻȻͨ¡
õֲң˵ǿŤĹϲֺαҪĥأ
Ҷʵ㲻Ǻϲ𣿡
ʼ磬˵ʲôãֲң绻һϲˡ
˵ԷһжҲͱأ
ǸţԭôôãһҲûñȡ
ҶֻǶƣǳ˳ƺ˵ЩʲôǵʲôҲû˵
ƺ뵽ʲôŽҶĶ߾һ˲ǵýҶ۽Уţﰡ
ź֣ܿվڲԶıһְۣ߷ϣةฮ˭еģǧߵѾͷ
ҶŶ䣬һǷ˵Ҫأ
һƣЦЦ˵ǾСĶ䣬˵Ը¾Ʋˡ
ҶԼĶ䣬˼Ǿ֣ţҲ̫Ѫ˰ɣ
ŵһЦֻһ˵ˣôأ
οپһ֮ѾκѪȵĶˡ
Ŷ֣ǽҶ޲Ⱦܡ
ۡ
һſϾЦȻԽԽúЦ㶼Цöۡ
ҶĵؿһۣŲϵЦݣ˵Ҷġ
ҶһڽԱˣ²۵˵ţ´ܲ𣿡
°˼һ£漴˵һЩû±ȥǸСѾͷǣҾͲᡭ㶮á
ҶҲ붮
֨߹һ÷԰ĴŴƿźͽҶͬʱ˹ȥ
ֻһɫĳֽɡ˽
硣
硣
źͽҶͬʱһ
Ӧһ£˵ȥƽҪһȥ𣿡
˵꣬ſԺţԭй͹ƽеļ䡣
ܿ죬Ժ͸ֳй͹ƽļƬΡ
еȫйǹƽܳСӡ
ͷ磬ڲǰ׸ү
ڽŻʱ򣬽ҶѾˣһȥɣڼҲš
ʵСãȥ𣿡
һʼԭ˵̫䲻ŵģҶ˵һӾͷӦˡ
˵ĴǶʮһ͵Ĵ齫
ǿƽʱʱʱ˶֮⣬ϲϷ֮һˡ
˷ܵ˵ȻҪȥ
Լ˵Ҫȥһ˷ܵӣһ£Щˡ
ƽﲻϲŵ
˵Ҫȥƽˡ
ǽû͵˼ѩڼҶ챻ƻˣҪȥһߣҲ˵һ
Դ˵߰ɡ
²ñȥԼ磬Ҷ̲ס˵ţ㲻ǲϲһЩӸ𣿡
Ҫܡ
ƲƲ죬˵ڼҴ˺Щˣٲȥ͸͸磬˶ﻵˡ
һ½ҶļһЦ˵Ŷ˵ˣСʮŽҲڹƽ
һСʮŵĴҶɫͱˣæ˵һǲȥˣȥɣҾڼ˯ˡ
ǰЩӾ֪ˣСʮǺĽţʱ̲סЦһ
ʮԭӢܳĹڶӹʮţҲڶҹСһʴˣƽʱһ𣬴ҶСʮš
λСʮԭͽҶСһ𳤴󣬸ʱĹǶԽҶжӡ
ĹҹС㶼֪ةฮĶӽҶ첻µز£¹Ӣ
Ҷһۣһˡ
̲סĴЦȡ磬ϵ˴ӣ˵߰ɣ
ŵ˵ͷ˳һɡͳ÷԰
һڴſų˵һȥƽͼƽƽȥˡ

 4 


ƽةฮ̫Զһֵľ룬һʱѾˡ
ͣˣȥԼãСĵ㡣
ץ֣һžֱ£æ§˻¯
Цһǣ֣߰ɣɱ㶳ˡ
žԼҴǣԼǰߣȴͣڴΧĻ
ѩ˺ü죬ȫǰããһƬſڵĻѩҪǹˣ·ʱ򣬽ŵ׻ᷢ΢ĸ֨
˼ԺͬǰããһƬǲͬſڵǣûжѵúĻѩӦ˼ҷԸ˿һ
˳֣ߵͯӭˣүͼλѾ¸ˡ
͵Ӧһ֪ˣԼȥ·ˡ
õģӡͯӦˡ
ŽߣֱһȣֱȾͷΧżɽ˼£͵ͯ˵¸ˡ
¸ڣһɱģԱ߻ΧżµĹҹӣҲ֪˭ۼ⣬ſڣͺһˡ
˵ͷǰ˼¶˴Ӹղžһֱˡ
һţ׷׾һѽýҲˣϡأ
ɲ𣿡
Ҫ֪ƽʱһۣǿɵȥةฮеġ
ŶʱЩȣһ滹Ѳԭƽʱŵ
һ룬ԺһԭĻ䣬ͷԭĲôŵģһʱһϯһЩᣬʱڹ뷿Ů죬Ҫǵ٣衣
Ҫԭմڼȥ
뵽̲סôһ
ֱ£еʵ𣿡
ΧԼļӣЩ˼˵е㡣
Ц˵ǼΧˣϽȥ̿ȡů°öˣֿҪչ˲ˡ
ϣ
ԱһվǣԼõ֣̿ԡ
׼ģʵ֣Ͷģѡһ
ӦһǾʹɣ
˵ֻ꣬عͷŽŵһЦСãᣬһȤˣٽΣ
¯˶ţ¶һЦ˵á
Դ˵ԣǴȥǴˡ
ţȥɡ
תһ߹ȥܿĸ˾֧һʣµˣȻȻľͶɱ
ž̿ԣһͯ͹ĸ㣬һ߿ʼĵشĹҹӡ
ǿһۣڽ¼ҵӣֻһѵģԭļһΪǳʥĵһٽǽеš
ٿڽӣһаɫĳ򸮵Сӣ賽硣
ٿڶĵˣһ׸Ķӣǽ۲͡
һˣִӣüͷ΢壬һϮɫŽ˿ѣǽػ
һȦ־Ȼζˣҧһڣ֪ͻȻ֮뵽ʲôĸŵõˡ
æӣѵϵĸ͵͵ڶĵ˿˹ȥ
ԭļҪûĻǸźɫˣǹӢֳҲ߸ϵ̫ӡ
ػƺоڶԼ˳߾Ϳ˹ȥͿһ㵵ضڵϣЦЦ
˲Ǳһ̫ػȻԼЦˡ
ԭļ䲻д˵̫ӲЦ
ΪԼۻˣ۾ҪһЩʱػѾͷרȥˡ
̿ԴһᣬžѾûиղôˣ¯ΧŽתȦֻص̿ԡ
ž;ţԺȴǰеϵһ顣
ԭĵн峼ة࣬飬ǰθϵСŮ
нةĳӣҲһӵбȽ곤һλ
ܵܽнҶԭ˫ӡ
оӢĹԭͬһģǹѡ
ʣµĹ賽硢ܵ˶֮ӣвſеٮٮߡ
̫ػԭļﲢûк̵ӡеҲֻдҴҵؼΡ
̾һ˰죬ڶˣͲ´һ棬ʲô֪ˡ
ôˣ
ͻȻһŤͷһ֪ʲôʱѾվ
һŵɣ˵û£Щ
˵ǾٳһЩ
ţˡ
ŰѸ£˲֣ʵ磬㲻ڴ𣿡
˵ղƼһĲɵӣЩģԹƿ
˵ʲôԶ賽ߺ֣Щ
ŵһЦָ˴û£ȥɣСӶڴˡ
ǲһѾͣ˵ķѩһԴ˵ŻŵĻȥҹƽ̽һ鷨ټ߳ȥߣ˵пСʮأ
ʵҲڹƽ
˵˵һͬģǽ˺򸮣֮ûƼСʮŵӰˣҲ֪ܵȥˡ
һЦ˵ȥةฮҽҶȥ˰ɣ
ȻʧЦҲ˵
ٴδ賽֣˵ܲܿЩ
賽Ĵߴ٣ŲúЦô賽ʱӣǰֻϴƴߴٱ˳Ƶӡ
賽ٴδߴ٣æ˵Ͻȥɣҳȥתת
Щĵ˵СЩҪҪһͯ㡣

Ż˻֣¯ϣֱ˳ȥ
״ֻЦЦȻߵڶĵǰһۣŻصǰ
Ȼ賽Сţô
ûԴһ£˵Ҫôʲôڴǰɣ
Ȥ˵ҿŴӸ㣬Ȼ׷á
賽ɫһ죬˵ҿû룬ɱ˵
Цһ˶˼գˣ㻹˵Լġ
䣬賽ɫǵøӺˣ˵Դһ˿ңûС㲻Ҫ˵֣ɱ˵
ؿһۣ˵С׷ãӿǲģҵſ޼֮
賽˵꣬ɨ˹һֲۣǲ֪ͱǶˡ
һ˵ʵˣˣˣҲˡ

 5 


˺üĴѩѾͣˣ֦Ϲ֦˰ããһƬһڶԵЩ
ʱʱļɽ˼Ȧŵ²Żѩһһĸ֨
һ˫Ĵ۾ȴǲͣţͣشţ룺ô죬Ӧò˾İɣ
վԭأַ̧ڶһĶȻ۾һᣬȻûУֻѩµ
Źӵʱ䣬ŹһЦѹԼˣ⺮Ķ죬˵һ仰ðѹͲûԸ߶ģ͸˵ƫƧļɽˡ
һ֮󣬽һͰ˶ˡ
ԼԽһˣҪƻˡ
κԭһӾףƢֱȽº͵֣ڽſԭֱֱ׼ĹԹŮ
ԴԽǰʮ죬Ϊ˲¶ڣΪ˲ñ˷쳣ӲѧԭӣӲһԹŮģ
Ҫŵʱ򣬾Ϳʼѩˣһ죬ֱѽűƷˡ
뵽֣ԱߵİץһѰѩһѩţ漴̧Զ˹ȥ
ţѩѩڵϵԼԼҳһСĿӡ
ЦһץһѩţһŸߵ˹ȥȻ۾ѩµ
ƺҵȤһ㣬ִ˲ˣ󻹶һ̫ѩˡ
ŶѵЩҲ̶õѩˣͻȻ뵽һЩʲôЦЦһỬ˼Ҳ͸ЩƮԶˡ
뵽һ궬죬ƮŴѩΪܵβҪǮĸ˱ˣܹһͷȻͱһͷ˻ȥһŰꡣ
ļͷʦ⸽ͷһʦ
ٺΪһɫع߸ͷǰŮһĵʱ򣬻ŷӶġ
ŻǵûԽǰһ꣬ͬһĶ죬ʱʧˣÿǺܸߣʦʦŰ취ģôĲ
ѩ˺ü죬ƽʱЩŰ߸ͷΪ˶ģѩÿ˶һѩˡ
ȻűǽгһǼֱҲ̶ãǸһѵñһ󣬽űʾûмôѩˣ˲ͱЦˡ
ǵǵʱԼ˵Ļ˵Ц˾ͺãܳ㲻ֵΪһѹĺǷϡ
ǼͷǷǳǳģ㻹õˣҲֵøõˡ
뵽̲סЦˣܿӻع
뵽ԼôԽģһ飬ʱ־úЦˡ
˴ԽΪش󳵻ش¹ʲôģ̫ڲͬˡ
ǵԼΪС٣պ齫ȻΪһ齫ǿߣͱŵҹȻڵõ齫Ĺھ֮˯˹ȥȻʱͷԼѾԽˡ
ԭվãžĽŶ챻ˣ˴걻˫̧֣žͿʼߡ
˴Ųӵʱ䣬ŷ·ˡ
ˡ
һţ֪ͲôԶˣ֪·ڽ˵ҪһͯʱӦôӦġ
֪Ͳ¯ˡ
ºˣҪ涳ˡ
ΧżɽһȦžһè

ѭԴ˹ȥèûֻһŷһ糰ɫѣ˫ִڱ󣬱ˡ
ǹЦЦ˵ѧèеı£ͦ
Ǳ²ãô˹أ
٬ǰ洫Żأתϻһ˿٬ĵЦ
תһɲǣǺݺݵһ飬Ϊһ۾ͿˣʱվǰӣǹӢŮװġ
ſȤʵŮװģĪ֡ةฮҶȥˣ
ӢƲƲ죬ȥةฮҽҶˣҲûţɴ˵һǡɲҡ
ӢģźܿͲµʲôŴһСʵҶֶˣ
Ӣһ˵ͷš
ţ֪
ԭļУӢÿγϲȥةฮҽҶǽҶÿμӢҪһÿζԶԶġ
ӢҲһĵӣÿȥҽҶᱻҶ䣬һ²ȥҽҶ˽ѭһһҡ
ΪһԽˣҲӢˣҪǷ˵׷һµòôͷˡ
Ӣʵô䣬أ
ЦЦû˼˵Լ·ˣֻ˵Ǵأһ˴ЩƣԾͳ͸͸
Ӣ֣˵Ƚȥɣ̫ˡ
վ̫ãͲܻص¸ڼҪӢһ˵æ˵ţá
ӢʵĸԺӴ
¸󡣡
ܿ죬֣ӢĴ£ųɹĻص¸
һ¸ţӢɿ֣Сܵػȥˡ
ڽԱ߿һ£Ȼֲסŵһɺ⣬һ̿Ǹ˹ȥ
һ
Ƚžů˲֮ӢѾӲԶŲ˹ҼûԵˡ
ӢץһѹӣһŹһʵ˵ѾŽԼˣ
ûлشֻЦŷʵ˭˵ģ
Ӣ˫һ̯Ĺӿȫ̿˵˭Ҷ£
Ƿ´½һʵӴҶͬ˵ʲô
ȴû뵽⻰һӢɫ˲Ͱ϶ǵܵܶӢ˵һЩʲô˻
ȻӢͷɥ˵˵ҲҪȥةฮˣǲϲҵģ˵ŮҪغ԰
һʱĬ
Ϊ֪ǸðοӢǲǸù¸һЩǸȰշĺá
ӢһЦһ£װԼѾϰ˵ӣ˵ţ㲻Ҫңϰˣûµġ
һ˲ۣΪԭ֮ǰҲִͬţ̵ᵽӢʱ顣
ԴЦ˵Ҷ쵰ϲ㣬ͻһϲ£ЩӣһȽҶð
Ӣҡҡͷ漴˵ҶﶼãΨһһ㲻þϲң賽ﶼãҾϲҶ϶ѽ
Ӣѻ˵꣬ӢĻһ˿ɬ룬Ǹ˵ܴܵӢﳹ׵׵ˣҪǲ̫ˡ

 6 


ѩͣˣĴף̿յžž졣
źӢڰϣʱﶼͯǰĻӣýζ
мİϣŷ֡Ӹ⡢ǳӵȵȾСʳ
һַֻӣһֱֻһ־һͣȻ̧ͷһԷӢ
ֻӢֱͬӢʱҲһַֻŻӣһֻŸҪͣͬǣӢõĸӸѡ
Ӣƺоʲô̧ͷһŷֽڶԼţʲô
ķ̶֣ĻӣŲԼһˮ˵һ䣺Ϊÿѽ
⻰Ӣûһ˿ֻǵءŶһֵͷȥˡ
ţ
ͯͻʱǶԻûʲôȤģκӢһԿӣʱʱĻЦزˣǣҲŻӿȻſžˡ
ǵͷ̫ˣžԼЩʹ߶߶ģһվȾʹĸо
ŵһӦǣˣ̫ˡ
ϴȸղŸǿҵĸоüֱٹˬˡ
ſԺţǰϿһ취Կٽġ
ԭ˹ĵ˵ЩпܻôҴ۾
Խǿһ۵ͷӵӢֿһ۲ԶڴĸˣȻٿһڶɱˡ
ţҶרעԼ飬ôQµĻӦûעİɣ
Žֿ˺һᣬֱʵڲˣҲ˲ûעˣֱȹڣ˫رQ˺ü£ͷѾⲻˡ
ֱQ˼£ֱȫˣŲһȻתͷͷ֣ӢĻѾˣͷؿ
ţ
Ӣʵţ㷽ʲôأ
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Ŷ
ӢҲѧղŵģ˫˼¡
ǳ˳飬˵ûѧʲô
ӢһƤ˵˭ѧֻˡ
أӢһһŶɱ˹ȥΪֹ˿ûһ˿ΪĶׯ
Ӣ߿ﵹһȻߵˡ
ûһᣬһ
̫ӵ£ˡ
۲͵𣬳ɹ˵߿˹ȥ
Ӣǲŵ˵̫Ӹ磬Ȼˡ
ǱӢҪŵ˵̫ӵˣôܣ
أ¼ҵĵܣӰѾǰ
ܿһ̣ܿͿڣ̾Ϣ˵ϧߴһ
ŵҲˣ˵ĲţһȻӡ
ֻƵߵǰͺ͵һֻһۣ֪̫Ϊλˣû˵ֻǿ۲һۣȤ˵ѵ̫ӵ¶ʱˣϲӮһ֡
۲ﴽһЦ̫ӵ飬ͲӮ̫ӵһ֡
֣ػûвû̫Ĳֻʵ֣񣿡
۲ͰЦˣͳһǲˣģɺã
ػ򴽲
۲Ц˵ǲͿɾ͵ͬˡ
Ա߽װһ֣ôͲһ£ǷԸԸ¶أ
۲ӣĽļ򣬡Ȼʣ֮Ķģֺ̫ӵ¶Ƿǳɱһֵġ
ػͽͬʱһۣﷺ۲Ϳ
뿴Լ۲ŵЦô̫ӵº־ò˵Ĳ𣿡
̧־һģ˵Ҫ͸Ͻȥ綼ȼˡ
һģ۲¶״˵֣´ֿɷһЩͨ˵ӣɾ֮˵۰
һѵ˵һֻ
ˡ
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۲ãܻվǰ֣ѽ
̧̧Ƥӣ˵ˡ
Ҷһ𳤴ģԶڵܵƢԣҶ֪˵ˣǿ϶ǲˡ
ǣ賽ƲƲ죬ţô죬ȱһˡ
һֱվԱߣû˵Ľſ˵
򵥵֣Ӳ˰뿴˹ȥ
ǶԼŴ壬ʵôʲô
ʵСã𣿡
ŵ˵ͷ
ͷһӢһŵʵţʲôʱˣ
룬ô˵ŲǵĻɣ˵ڸﾭͼλ˴ö֮ѧˡ
һԹҲʵ֮ǰʱôû˵Լأ
˫һ̯ʼ磬ǵʱҲûҰ
𣺡
ŶˣӢȹڣհ˵ôѧأ
ŵ͵͵Цһ룺ҪǽҶڵĻӢ仰϶ͻ˵һ䣬Ϊ㱿
ЦӢЩĹĵ˵ţЦʲô
ҡҡͷϵЦݣûʲô
Ӣ˫ֲԹԵ˵ߣ϶ЦұЦҲ
ΣûЦ㣬˵ֲǽҶûЦʲô
Ӣţ˵ֽ꣬Ųһ䣬ûЦ㡣
һҶ֣ӢͺøƻƵģĹĵس˵ߣˡ˵ˡ
εĶһۣȻεЦˣ˭Ҳûгȥ׷ӢΪǶ֪СѾͷӣղǾ仰ֻһ˵ƵԼҲͶˡ
Żվԭأ۲ͶŽŻÿЩǿʼˡ
ߵǰ£һƣһ߿Ц˵Žǵһδǳٶȹλֳһ¡
۲˵û£Ȩ֣һЩ¡
賽Ҳ͵˵ĶԣһЩ¡
˵˵һ£ųǰδ
һ۽ţ賽Ȥ˵û£ǮˣҲõġ
һ˵ʶؿ賽һۣɫЩ죬ЩҶߡ
Ƥһ룺賽粻Ƕԭ˼ɣ

 7 


ҹ˴ʱֻžһʱһξ͹ȥˡ
ɫѾˣŹƽԺȫԼԿϻűһӨ͸顣
Ҳ֪˭ĶӷһҲ֮ͽˡ
ϵʤĲֱ࣬ʧأ賽ͱ۲Ӯࡣ
һػͽ֣ǴĽҲ͸ͣ
һ£̫ӵӮأӮˣ
۲˵ţ
˰죬۲Ĵָ˵Ȼֹоǲһ
۲˵⻰˼룺Ѳ˶Ĳʤ
Ȼ˵Ƿˣ˰գȻһ嶼ûоʤ
ţһ磬Ȼһ嶼ûзֳʤ̫ػȷʵǶĵĸ֡
ػͽһֻۣǵһЦ
ػ˵ʱˣȻعˡ
أû˿ڣػȣǵ뿪¸
ػ뿪ѾֲˣȻﲻš
Ŷڵ棬°Ͳ̫ػȻûǰԳƱ
ã̫ӵƺûз˵ôЦһȺҹǰͦ͵ӡ
Ƭ̣ߵ˽ߣһ硣
Դʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˲ٸ㣬ڻö
˵ǵҰպãǾͻظ
ŵͷá
˹ѯʵҪúٻةฮ
û˵ֻǰϵӺڰ׷ģŷŽС
ʵνģֻҪС˵Ըٻȥûġ
֮СòԸģҲڹƽһ̵ġ
˵֪ڵԼڹƽţһͻةฮ
ίؾܾлӺ⣬źʹ绹ǻظŰɡ
һ˵ϵЦҲֻת賽͵˵ǷҲȥˣ
ǹѵһεϷʵȥѵҪڴס𣿡
ЦһҲǲɣƽǿ˾סİᣬǲί˵Դ󽫾ġ
һ飬һ£˵лӺ⣬ϴĴض̵ģ˯ȵģһǻȥ˯ҵľ崲ɡ
ӿһ£ϱţһֻһĶаɣ󽫾ߡ
ܳЦЦʾԼ뿪ȻͷҲصģʮ뿪¸
һӷŽڣȻãպãʾպãְѽŷһԵ¯ϣͶŽ˵ˣСҲȥɣ
š
ʱһȻȻŽĸ첲˸߳ȥ
á֣һ¡
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賽ҲǸʵˣ漴˵û
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˵ȻûǾˡ
һĨЦŹ賽˻֣ݰݣǵøˣةฮ档
ȽźͽԶˣ賽ƨһţû˵һ
賽һãȻؿʵҸ˵ˣ
ͻͻģԼһҪ̲סˣƳ¸˵һ䣺ߣϽʧȻͰŹˡ
賽Դ˵һ䡰Ī뿪ˡ
𣺡
-
¸뿪źͽܿ͵˹ƽĴſڣѾȵͣſڡ
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ЦЦû£ǱЩġ
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ֻһĸˡ
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ڴԽˣҲ֪Ǽͷӣڹúòã
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ҡҡͷΪ˲ýҳһ˵ûޣӭŷ磬Ͳܿˡ
ĵ˵ǰţǣҵ½󡣡
šá
ץס½ǣǰߵĻʱʱ˵һЩˤˡ
ýһůůģ룺ʮТ˳ĵˣʲôŮӲܹôõ
ţ˾ײ˽ĺ󱳣Ϊ䣬̫ڽʵһײֱ۵ᶼˡ
ԼĶͷЩţӴôͻȻͣˣ
Цһʵײˣ
Ŷͷû˵
࿪ӣָŲԶ˵㿴Ǳߡ
˳ָŵλÿ˹ȥϲüң۾˲ˣΪԶһСųߺţعϣĿعϣĿعϣ
۾װһЦһʵҪ𣿡
ںĶ죬ܳĿعǶôҸ鰡
ԽŵѾ˾ֱӾعϵСǱ˹ȥֳܣСĵ㣬ɱˤˡ
ܵСǰЩ˵ϰ壬Ҫһعϡ
ϣ
СùһƬɿݵĺҶѵعϰõݸ
ŰѵعϷڱǼ⴦ᣬҲ֪ǲãعƺǰĿع϶Ҫ㡣
Ҷ˹ŰѵعϾٵǰʵ磬Ҫ𣿡
ҡҡͷֶС˵ϰ壬һҪعϣҰ
һ˵СϲüңٰװˣӹСݹĿعϣǮȻͿԼС÷ǳģһСһСڵĳſعϣһһţҡҡͷЦһȥ

 8 


صةฮѾʱˣһ̤ǰԺ㿴ֻмѾʰǰĲﲻӰѾطϢˡ
һžͽŵĿعϣſڵˣЩعϷֱ͵ү˺Ͷӵȥ
ǣӡ
˽ӹعϣæȥˡ
Դȿһۣʵô֪нҶԵģ
һЦѲСԼԵģ
ҡͷǵǡ
ͦϲԿعϵģһӳ̫Ļġ
οʱþǴԭĵ͵ܵܳԵġ
ȻǸͶܵģСʲôþȵġ
˵꣬ûȽŽӻʹӹֳԴ˵СЩʲô綼֪ƽʱҲң˵ȵ˽㡣
Щ飬ʹ֪ǵ㲻Ը˵ʱ򣬴Ҳᵱ֪ġ
ʱüͷ΢壬ЩӣҲ֪ǲͲµһЩʲôϾô˽ԭ
ǣòϣһĽˣĽԭһֶĸ硣
üͷ΢壬˵߰ɣⶬ¶صģݡ
ԭ˵á뵽Լ㣬ټϷһĿعϣѾԲˣǽӳź󣬳˺Ȳ֮⣬ûгκεĶ
ùŵĵ˵㻹ûţȻݰɣԼ߻ݾС
УѩͣˣῪʼѩˣ·ȽϻԼСһЩ
ųһЦ¶Сѣ֪
Ҳ˵ˣֱתˡ
ˣŵֱ¯ȥһ˵˼仰ŵˣȻƵػ÷԰
ǸյǰŽţŰԺӵĴŸϣո̤ݣžͱˡ
ʵ˭
һϤ𣬡ңߵĴҡ
ߵһȵĴѾߣƽʱǲҪȵģˣʲôҪġ
һǴңŸϽñȥš
ſˣ˵ҽ㣬Ͻݰɡ
˵תߣѩ֮ͣ󣬺ˣųһӵĹѾЩˡ
ŵʳУűݡ
ʱױ̨ǰͷϵķѾľᣬһһµԭһͷںǧ˿
Ƭ̣ŷľᣬǧ˿ǰʵôˣʲôҪ£Ҫ˵
ҰʳзϣĲʽһһ˳صҪ£ֻǷ˵СմӹƽδùţҸ˹
ߵĴѾ߸ţϻĺŮ
˵֪ˣȥЪŰɡ
õģС㡣
ˣųȥŸˣСŽݡ
ԼСױ̨ʵС㣬ţǻţ
ߵǰһۡ
Ϸŷꡢɷy;ţǾࡣ
һˣʳҲ㣬϶ԭƽʱԵġ
ڴ£ͷԭһ˫а֣Ծָ;ǰһСͷŪţϸڻȰѲ˷ŽʳУһỻٳԡ
ܽ˵СˣʳоͰһһװ˽ȥ
Ѳʽװú󣬱ʵС㣬ūź㻻Ѱɣ
š
վ˫ſɱϵһ䣬ʣһ¿㣬ֻùŵƤ⣬ȻԼˡ
ʱĺú̿յĴҲ㲻̫䡣
ߵǰ£űԸȥһͰˮůůЪš
ԺĻҲǱͬ磬˱Ҳԭߵġ
ڽſȻԭʻǾһСë
Ǿԭÿ죬һ˫žͱޱȣ˯ʱҪǲ¯ڽűϰСʱǾȲ˵ģϾӣǻ˯á
ָоڴԽǰѾܹˣǼֱ˼Ұ
ȥˮΪҪݽš
˯ǰһݽţԻȫѪҺԴٽ˯Ҫݽű¯ŵЧҪĶࡣ
õģС㡣
Ӧȥʣһˣ̿յžž죬ʳУѲֶ˳ùһԵĿӣϸʵس
һʱ֮䣬νǾ׵òУֻü̿žž
԰ڣҶվǽͷ£һԾһǽ֮͵˽ס÷԰ڡ
ﻹŹ⣬ŴϵĵӰҶ֪Żδ˯£èӣŵſڿŰ콪ţҪݺݵһźá
ҶǹһĨЦ漴ƿš
ǵƿźﲢŵӰҶʱѣףأղŻڵأ
վź󣬷һۣǹ¶һĨЦ䲻óıӰһ
˫ֻأ׼ҶԭرݱŵķӦ
ͻһŵýҶһ£Լ궼챻ųˡ
źķӦϵĴ˽źߵǰˡ
ǰҶ£޷޵˵ţҰ
ƤЦⲻЦؿһۣЦһ޺ңҲźġ
´μǵôŽҲϲ˷.ǽҵԺӡ
Ҷĵؿһۣţô֪.ǽġ
Ȼ֪ʲôȻ֪ˣӽҶ.ǽصһ˲䣬ʱ󣬿ˣһʼֻǲȷ˭ѡ
οΪһɫعҪƽ˺ϼֹοҪ㾯ԶûУ˰ǰƾͱ˸ɵˡ
źѵҶ㣬ԺɱңȻҿɲ֤Ҳ̵ڵصġ
Ҷһƨľĵ£ƤЦ˵ô죬.ǽ෽㣬ʡñȥҿţá
۾һУü˵У´η.ǽʱҾֱӺץˡ
ҶЦ˲̡
˫ֳ°ͣĿ⾼Ŀʵ˵Ϸ.ǽʲô
Ҷͱĳһ䣬ҹ
ûѻ˵꣬žͲͷش
˵˻
Ҷʼ磬»û˯⣬ļ֡
üһۣʵĵĻﲻȥҴ磿
Ҷǳƽ˵ҪǺʹģǼֱŰΪҺʹʱʱǰˮ𣿡
ǾԲᣬᱻŰģŲֿأ
һ飬˲ˣҶ弼ͽ弼ȣǼֱС׼ףѹȲá
Ҷ弼ԭȴҪãǵ弼ƽˡ
ҪҪͽֵʱһͰڵˮͳſڡ
Ƕ˵ȥϢɣ
תͷֶŽҶ˵ˮݣҸһӡ
һӵʱ䣬ƫùŵģҲţʱҲ
Ҷˮൽǰȥˡ
Ь࣬ѽŷŽڵˮ棬ܵ˵ݽ
תۼ佪ҶͰְںˣѡ˰ӣ˾ͿٵĶ
Ҳ֪˶ãֱžˮˣӷ£֮˵һӵˣ˯ˡ
Ҷ
ùӣѽϵˮղɣһɣŶŽҶָӵպãˮȥˣȻˣ˳ߵʱ򣬰ҰŹغá
Ҷ

 9 


һҹһΣ˯òȡ
һ׷ܣ֪˶ã׹ɽ¡
ξû׹ɽ¶ֹһתֻһڣһűӺݺݵسڹڵϵһŮӣﻹͣ˵ҲüޣҲüޡ
ŮӾǿ̧ͷ˳£ȴʮּӲҲޣҲޡ
ӻӶűӣ׺ݺݵ˵ҽʹТŮ
ֱŮֱͦӣͣظһ仰ҺˣˣҲǴǰǸ۰ҵĵˣҪҼ޸Ǹ̬үһˡ
һ٣ѱⶪһԣ߲ѵ뿪ˡ
ŮӶĸ׵λ˻ţҲޣҲޡ
ŮӵĺΣŲ֪ΪٴһתһԸŮڼҵ
иŮŭԣ˵ĻһһŮ˻֮˵ЩʲôžͲö֪ˡ
ΪʱѾˣǿѵġ
·֮ǰǱӾһһһ³ۣü٣þòƽ
֮Ů֮档
һЩ߰㣬Լ޹صΣ˯пѣѾǵһξˡ
ڱĸһ;һЩű߼߰Σÿÿʱ档
Դμعս֮Ҳûμˡ
ϤĸоǾΥˣΥҪˡ
ڰУֲᣬһ뵽еĳȫܿƾ
̾һָͬܵĸоǷǳã۽ǿɬòУʱ붼֪𴲣۾϶׵òС
˴һӵʱ䣬ѾƽǸȴʣȥȴûһ˿˿˯ˡ
˫ִڶϣȴ޲źãһƬУ΢̿ٻкüСʱ
ŷһһ䣺ˡ
֪Ͳ˯ǰԶģҲ֪ǲΪԲŵ°ҹӲġ
֪ˣڴܵʱҪȵֱ̫Ѱˡ
ˣԺҲ˯֮ǰԶˣ̲ס˶Ҳ֮˯
֪ڴϷȥ˶ãֿһ棬ǺһƬʶĳһ仰ô
ŷһͷֱſˣҲ֪ǲãöܵʱſűҪһЩ
Ǽ䣬ָ⴫ȵĸоʶŷԭһֱڲϵ塣
ͻȻ䣬ԺһЩԴƬΡ
ԭԭ֮ǰǻ˯бʸס˾״̬á
ΪһӵĸףôĿԼĺĿأ
ԭ壬ϳĳһһݣһߵϹɽիһģǹɽϵĵõɮġ
Ϊþǲԭܱ֮ࡣ
·ˣԴϴӹɽ֮ԭҲûбĥˡ
ָḧţСţҪô棬Ǿ˯þɣ
أ̲סЦˣЦԼȻʼŵˡ

ٴ̾һٴηһΪſеãؿЩˡ
ؿڣǱ߿һۣƺѾʼˡ
ѾܿҪ˰ɣ
ӺҲôˣҪſһ£ܸܲɫʱ˯һᣬϾһҹ̫ĥˡ
ŰǰȻ˫ִ棬Ű۾ˣڵˣ۾һϣľ˯ˡ
***
îʱʱ֣ɫѾһˮŶ
ľһԼϣߵһԼС㻹˯𣬲ʼЩɻ
ƽֻҪŶС㱣׼ˣջûѣ˰ɣ
ԼСĶͷ¶糣ͻȻһ
һ̣ӽΪֱŸץסˣһ
Ŵ֪Ǳ񣬺ַܿſ֣Ű۾Щʵʲôʱˣ
صѾîʱˡ
îʱ룬ǾǸã˵˯Сʱ
ͼۣϿ޵̫ף˯ز㣬۾ܵòС
îʱûʳʱ䣬Ҫ˯ɣ
ԼС㲻˵СѯʵСҪ𣿡
۾һͷ˱ӣ˵˯ᣬ㳽ʱ𴲡
ԼСһ˵񲻽ЩɻСģôˣ
תͷһ룬ҡҡͷԼСҲãҲãⶼһū澵ĸģֻҪԼڵ¾ͺá
õģС㡱
Ӧľ˳ȥ
Űͷӱ¶˳Ŭ۾ͷһ۴ڣûս룺һ졣
Ŵ⿴һᣬž۾ҪϹˣϽ۾Ȼͷֻجج˯˹ȥ
ʱʱ֣ٴŶɶһˮľϻһɫĲ
ߵߣԼС㻹ûѣһС㣬ˡ
۾ʵڱŵһ̣ˣֻǲ̫붯ѡ
ǳԸʵôͳʱ𣿡
ţˡ
صŰľڼϣѲŽ΢΢šˮѲݸ
ŽӹֱӾͷ۾ϣЩ̵¶˲ͻ۽ǵĿɬ
һ۾ŰѲݸʾٹһˮҪ
ӹܿˮһ飬ֵݸ
ŽӹϸϸһʵС㣬봩Ǽأ
̧ͷֻ¹Ѿ򿪣¶һŸֿʽһĹŷѣнȹȹжԽȹ
²ƿӣƤ⣬Ьģߵ¹ǰ
һһЩѣһ֯廨Խȹͣˡ
Ŵ˰죬ϵźĻĻƣ˵վʹɡ
õģС㡣
ܿȡ漴ͰｪŰѻˡ
ٰ֮󣬽žñȥˣԼױ̨ǰľһûһµīһǧ˿
ܿ죬ˣ󻹸ѾߣÿѾﶼһ̣С˻㡣
Ѿ߰ʳ£ǶˣֻΪСһǰʼܺʱεţϲ̫š
ֻʣ±񣬽ŲŴױ̨ƲǰֻϷࡢϹֵʮš
Ŷ࣬ССڵĺţһֺ꣬˼ϹֳһЩĶž;а˷ֱˡ
ЩûʳŶű˵񣬺ͳ˵һտʼҵֻһһࡢһС˾ͺãľͲˡ
ڽŴ˾٣ʮֵĲ⣬ǻǹԹӦõģС㡣

 10 


ù֮󣬽ñԼ򵥵ͷ¯׼ϵԺȥ
ǻѩܹҪѩʱҪϼ֣Ǹո̤ţž̲סĶһ¡
̧ͷһգǻᣬǳһ̫̫Ƥĺһ㣬ʧˡ
ʱеƶѻһ𣬸һֿҪһĸо
ĬĬ̾һһʼ̫ʱΪһĵĴ죬ڷˣԳŵģԭȥתһתġ
죬ǾĻѩ죬ӲǺ˷һ
ԼС̬̫ãվıΪЩ䣬ĵʵС㣬ҪҪټһļаٳţ
˫¯ҡҡͷ˵ˡ
ҡͷʵǻȥǱ𣿡
ŵһЦʵأ
ϸϸһ£˵С䣬Ǿ͵ȹȥô۰С㣬ǲСġ
ﴽһЦδ˵
Ա⻰ʮֵϿɣϾϲһ۰СŮ
ԼСЦЦ˵ٴѯʵС㣬ǻȥ𣿡
ܳȥҲţȥһ˰ɣ
أ׼ȥ磬ֿ˵ˣҲøţԼȥͺˡ
˵꣬Ųˣ±һˮ
ܿ죬ž͵ϵԺֻ˱ߵĴѾߴڽһЩʲô峼ӰӦǻû³
ʮרעǵһ
̧ͷվſڣæôȥ֣㵽
ӦԱ¡
Ϸ˱תֻ˫֣ϸϸѯʵϿɻʣ
ŵͷűϽ˫֣ʱĴ¶ȣʱ¯ϴ¶ȣøů
Ϊûģһĸ׶ԼӵĹػͺǻ
ϣԼ˯òãǽŲϡ
ȻǴԽģж۰ԭŮᵽˣԣ˯òãҲܹ֪ǲϲĺġ
˵Щǣ֮ľǹеѯʣôˣ˯ò𣿡
ûȽŻػЩ磬ԹԵ˵ˣұȥһķ
⻰Ӿůůģ㷴סϵ˫֣ҡҡͷ֮ȻһЦ¡
ȻûϿڣǰ壬Ц壬̶ÿҹŶ˯ʮְ𡣡
ЦЦǾͺãǾͺá
⴫ŲϺͽ⿴˹ȥ
ֻ峼һɺͼɫٷŲɫģ˹
峼һ飬ŽͬʱţЦ
Խ֮ģžǽ峼һӡ
ʱûǻ룬ﶼӣЦʲôأ
Ȼֻ峼˵ģ
ƫģһγɣ޷ơ
ԽģҪһ峼ģ
ԼŮԼƣ峼ɫ˲٣ʵ㶢ŵƣǵкණ
ҡҡͷ
ǿžõúÿ
峼ѵôȤһûȽſڣԱϲ֪뵽ʲôȴһûס͵Цˡ
ϣ峼װ飬ʵ͵͵Ц
ϼٿЦ𣿡
峼һĻصЦˡ
ԼҵһӣûסҲЦˣûгֻ΢΢عˡ
ȻϷϵ㿴ˣˣҿûЦ
״峼۵һƬ磬Ҳˡ
һᣬֱǰйԱݷã峼Ҵ뿪ˡ
峼Զ֮󣬽Ųǵϵ֣ЦʵղЦʲôأ
ϲЦ֮֮ʣЦ𣿡
ŷ
ڽ֮ǰһֱΪǸ硢صŮӣԭףҲһƤˡ
Ƕϲˣ˵أ
£ϵЦݣȫزסˡ
ʵҲûЦʲôһЩǰ¡
һ㣬˫°ͣһ׼µģ
۰ͷŰͽ峼渵
ʱȫ̿Ľ˵֮󣬽žԼιһһ۵Ĺó緹֡
һһررɶ˵ĸо
۵Цݣžʱ˿̸Ҫȥ͸͸硣
ҾųԵöЩҪȥ߶߶ʳ
һԵ˱Цȥɡȥɣ
̧ͷһ죬ѾܲҲ֪ʲôʱͻ¡
ſٵĻԼӣոջЬ࣬̿ԵİǰҶѾеؿ˹ӡ
ϵѾںˣȻڵɱ֡
£ץһѹҲ¹ӿǵļ϶û˵һ䣺ҽղͬ塣
ҶҲû̫ķӦֻһ䣬զ
һֳֻڰϣȻ°ͣһֻһûһµĿ棬ĿȴԺӵĺ÷Щ˼
𷽲˵һУ뵽峼ʮһյģϾ񵱳ʱһĽˣЩ
ţһ䡰ûʲôЩ̸ˡûԾֱ˵˿ڡ
ȻžһҵĿعͷͿҶǺͨ졣
Ҳ֪ҶǱŵˣǲСıӸǺˣֻҶȳһʣЩŭ˵ţıɱ
һˮ
ʲôˣôıɱˣ
һˮҶû˵û¸˵̸ˣŵˣ㲻ʲô̼ˣ
žðɣܴ̼ˡ
ܴ̼ԴȻĹ˭õأ
֪Ǻԭ򣬽˫һ̯Цһ޺̸ôˣŵˣǲ˼
Ҷ

 11 


ٽ磬һܲģǿ綼ʼˣԺĺ÷ҡҷˣ֮ڿ裬һһƮڵϡ
һĴ꣬磬̶ͻ˺Ʋ㣬һһκݺݵڵϣһڵĸо
꣬ſˮмź÷ζ棬ŰٰģԼںԼĽҶʵ˵̸ʲôо
֮Ҷһ٣Ƥ΢΢̧һ£ƮƮ˽һۣǾᣬ֮ҡҡͷֺܿͷԼԼȥˡ
üͷһ壬ǰһ룬ǿҲ棬Ҷı飬ҡҡͷǼ˼
űߵӣҶһƢҲûˣۣǾź֮Ƣˡ
ҶʮΣŽž˫һ̯һʣŰ˵Уû̸ô֪
ĵضƬ̣һЦ
Ե޹ʵĳԼЦҶֻëëģЩš
ԤУŽҪ˵ĻԾԶܲѺá
ò˵ҶԤк׼Ϊһ̾ͳ˵ҪȥСʮ̸һٸʲôо
ҶһӾ͵䲻СľͰӣ˵ϣָŽŵıӣ߲ѵ˵ţǲջˣ
۾һУţ㷽˵ʲô
žֱĶŽҶһͶĶϳĵʵû˵һ顣
״Ҷ̾ˣҲ˵ˣֱӶȥɢڵϵˡ
źˣֲʵ˵Сʮﲻˣһᵽһֻըëèһ޲ô˾ץһѡ
Ҷӵһ٣ɲ˵ֻǶӣӣֱӣ̶պãҶ׼
û뵽ħһߣһɣȿ뷨̧ߵſڵʱ򣬱ŭյġ
Ҷվס
Ҷһ٣һҧһܵģʵҲôˡ
ðŴ꣬Ҷٵܵǽ£Ҫ㴫ϷʵЦһĻ
ˣҶôݺݵʰ㣬Ҫ˵۸ңԼ֮ܵҪܵĺɣ
˵֮󣬽űһ㣬Ʒţ۹ȴһֱվǽµĽҶϡ
ЦһʱҶϵı飬ֱҪ̫ˡ
ǽ£Ҷ˳Լ£ĿⶢŽλã˫ڽŻصʱ򣬾ѾճȭϽȻԵõı飬ֱǺ޵
ҶվԭزЩĲ̣վﲻȵȾ˷纮߶𣿡
˵꣬Ҷȴһ
üɴ֣Ҫҹȥ
ûȽҶӦ֪һ˳ˣֽɡ׼Ǳȥ
ǵոţҶζˣŴ˹
ˮ˳£ųԸ񣬸Ͻòү
ȡһݸҶү
ҶվſڣûȥӱݹĲ
̾һҰɣȥһ
ӱӹŰѽҶڰǰ£һѳڣһͷڵķ˿㴹
һ߰ˮһ˵Ҷǲ׼Լ壬ûУ
Ҷһ˫ԼͷǶ˵ĻҶҲףھǲ̫˵
˭ղ̫вҲˣȻ뵽ǰȥȸ״ġ
оµ̫ɡҲܵ꣬ڶ
ǲϲСʮţ´α㲻ǰἰˡ
ҶŲأ
һԵģûһι˵˰ˣ㵹ܲ֨һ
֨
ԭΪҶƴ춼Լˣȴû뵽ǣὪҶǺϵġ֨һ
ʱŪýЩЦãˣ
ҶĲɴԼ͵ĺһûûεģǱҲ֪ҲŲһأ
⻰֪ǲˣԴͷģ֮ЦһŹ
һ˫Լͷҵ֣Ҷװ΢ŭĹĵ˵ţ˰
Ц컨׹ĹĵĿ˵ţҾ͹ˣôҧҰ
Ҷ
ôֻţϾƢ̫еʹŹţɲǽţ

 12 


˺ü죬ڽſǼֱ챻ͱһһһз϶δͣ
ǽϲ顣
Ȳ˵һĸоֻ˵в㣬ýźϲŴŷӣһСʪҪ⻻һ顣
Űٰڴڱϣ˶ΣһһδӴӸ߿еʯϣ˵ǲ˰
ڰŪ֣⻰ûסЦһͷôˣȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲǺȥ˺üˣЩķˡ
磬ҶղӰǵ𣿡
ҡͷ㲻˵һΪڸأ
ԭҲ
ûҶŻΪǽ峼ýҶԶأ
껹ڼԺҲûôͣŹ£Ѵ߽
ôղô𣿡
ſڴһϤ뽪عͷ
ͼԺ룬ҶһɫɴۣһĴ멣ֳֽɡŲس߿
Ϲһ˶ݵЦ⣬ýſ˾붯֡
Ҷ߽üղƤ
Ҷֽɡպãݸ֮æ֣ԾԶԶ˵ţŮӼҼҵģһҪᣬɲŰ裬вˣȻҪСĵʱû˸Ҫˡ
Цһֹ⳯˻ȭͷЩвζʵ˵ղŸʲôȥˣ
Ҷӹݹ̣ĺһڣճգСţأ
źĶһۣȥ죬ȷʵЩƤˡ
ߣʵ磬һûɣ
ǿЦ⣬ȴûס˵ûһ֣Ҿ
ҶڰȾܻü
ųҶ߽˰һϸ㿴㣬Сһ㣬նճˡ
˵꣬ʮ֣ոˡ
һʱýҶһһ㶵ģһ˲䣬ҶЩɽǲǱˣȻôܶôأ
һ룬ҶĲҽΪĶ䣬Щҧгݵ˵ųȥ죬͸ģһܲˡ
ۡۡ
Ҷ۵ֱţŽ磬ô۸ң㲻𣿡
еŲ裬Ϳ֣Ҷ߿أһڲ裬ָָԼԴ˵˭˵ģô򡣡
Ҷʱᡣ
ȻԼ̫ˣָǲܵģ˵Լˡ
оǣԽŵƫ̫̫̫ˡ
ţҡ
о䶼ҪˣҶ׼ˣʹ˴ҵ
үүС㣬ǰȥһˡ
ͻȻҿԼžŶһĻҶɫһµıòȻŽţʾϽ֡
Żصһۣȴɿˡ
ҶظϽԼĶ䣬뽪һԶ
һǵôЦһǵýҶЩҲסˡ
ʵ˵ʲô£
һص˵ձ˽ˣүСһ£ô˭ҹ
ãȥ
֪ˣү
Ҹ漴˳ȥ
һߣҶʮֲ˵ţ´ֻܲ˵֣˿ˣҲҪӵİ
ŶӶڵϣ˵ƤأҪʲôӰ
磬㿴ţȻҵģ룬Ҳֱ׵˺Ұɣ
ϵͷһãҾС˵Ƕԡ
ԭҲһˡ
ǱЦѨһͣ˫ִŵ̺Цᶼˡ
Ҷ뾲
ˣڽǰܽŴԣܽŶʲô綼Žţͬۡ
ˣѹͲָԼġ
˵ΪýȥԼ۰ˡ

ةฮǰ
һǰ˾Ϻ
̫ʦϣԱվŴң˽˵ɡ
ϲŻذѻ˵˳
˵Ļʵʹ֮ǰ˵Ĳ࣬Ҫһ£˽ڸôȥ˭ҹ
ʵ·ϣѾ򵥵ˣҪһϵ
ʵôأ
̧Լϥϣذ˼£ſ˵ȥǴҹͬڹƽģǰģǰڽģһةฮ
ǼǵңûҲٰһΣǽ꣬Ƕڣһ
ûϰѻ˵꣬Ҷ˵Ǿô죬Ҷةฮ˽ںˡ
ϰĿ⿴źͽʵǾأ
뽪໥һۣͬʱ˵￪ıãһЩ޷
ϲüңŮ˶£Īĸ
ãôȥ׼
˵꣬ͳĴҷԸùܼһһȥ֪ͨùƽһҡһҡһҺնϹ˽ڡ
и֪İգ˽ڣةฮſʱʩࡣ
ҵͷӦ£֮˳ȥ
ϥϴĵʹ⣬ü̲ס΢壬Ӳǿʹ˵ʱ磬ٸ˵˵˽ڶҪ׼Щʲô
Ǹϸĵˣһ΢Сüı飬Ȼûд˺üĴ꣬ϵķʪַˡ
ߵǰĵذϥǣ˵ֻϢãľͷĽǴáǲģùܼһ̵ֱǺˡ
ӻ˵ԣС˵öԣﲻȻȥЪŰɣʮֲʣһҪôȥ̴вǿš
ڽ˵֮󣬽ƤĴȤҪ֪ǿŵĻǻۡ۵ġ
϶ʱЦãȴҲֻʮֳ˵һ䣬⺢ӣ
ŶŽҶָӵҶȥϢȻҺʹȥҪ׼һЩʲô
á
ҶѵĴӦȻͷϣֽɡǰ
ŽҶ߶ıӰЩСţҶôôˣ
Դɻ˵ʵҶǺܹԵģֻҪ˵˵ʱģǻģˡ
ͷʵ𣿡
ĿǰʼչŵЦ⣬˵ҿġСοģ͵ҪСԼȥ˽һˡ
Ȼ˵ˣôǸúúõȥ˽һ˫ӵܵˡ

 13 


ǱȽ磬´ԵʣһջûʱɫڣةฮҲѾƻͨˡ
ʱةฮĳ쳣֡
ƽʱһǹʱ㲻æµģֻΪ˵һ䣬ҪԼһԣ峼ϣͽҶˡ
εؿһֿۣһΧſ濴ֵǣĬĬ̾һ
ûԽ֮ǰԭǿǽ峼ļϵıȫȫʮָմˮˣ˵ǽˣԽ峼ϻڳʮġ
Ͳ˵ˣ϶峼һٷ֮ʮǵв˻е֮ġ
ǾҶҲˣʮֿ϶ľãҶ϶ǱſϷ̬ȣܵġ
ߡ
뿴ܣǲܵġ
һŻ˳һȦһЩԼȽϲʳģ׼ˡ
ǵ˵ϾͱļƸŵˣе֣æ˵ţҪɣ
⻰̽ӻС㣬ɣ
Ų˵˰֣ŵةϺ
ŲѾ̧𣬽æֹ
鷳ˣԼԵġ
˵忴һۣû˵ʲôֻð̧Ľţַ˻ȥ
žãԼھǶ԰ĶһؽͱôΧۣЩӦ
ΣֻöŽ峼˵ȥЪŰɣ
峼§ϣ˵ˣЪȥɣ
ϰһŽ峼ѵţ峼ôģͲŮе֣ѳ𣿡
һڵʱſеˣʮĬİѶˣȻ۹۱ǣǹĵ״̬
ϰѻ˵꣬źͽ峼ͬʱһߡ
峼ؿԼŮһۣͰ𣬡ŰһСЩǧǧҪѳˣȻǻ˯ŵġ
ų峼ѾһЦ֪ȥЪŰɣ
峼תŽͽҶţš
ͷӦ£ȥЪţǻţƲ˯ŵġ
Ž峼ϸˣ˰ȻſڵǣҲȥϢˡ
һ߹⣬ҶʵǶȥϢˣ˭𰡣
Ųˣһ˵ѽ
ҶŵָԼıӣʵң
ţ㡣
Ҷһ£ûɣ
һةฮĶӣȻ
תͿҶһԴı飬ƵϳüôΪˣôСˣ
ҶҪſڻûȥ忪ˣɣ
ţ
УȥϢ
ͬ˵
ŵ˽Ҷһۣܾĺ⣬壬ҲһˣϽȥЪŰɣ
ǣүҲûĻ
廰䣬ҶͿٽӻ˵ǣҿɲᡣ
׼ڣȴû뵽һֱûпڵĽǿˣ£ѧһ졣
ͷһϲղž˵仰ţû뵽ȴȿˡ
ҪνҶĻ˵ɱöˡ
ǡ
壬в
廹Ҫ˵ʲôֱӾͱˡ
ү˵ˣԼҲ˵ʲôˣֱˡ
͵ЦָŽҶҶȥҪ׼ˡ
ҶԾܾ

Ӻ󣬳ƣ
ȿȿȡ
뽪ѬֱҶֱֹĺ̿һŰ׾Ϸĺһ
뽪һۣԼͬЦ˳
ҶԼԼЦһµʵЦʲô
ϵЦ⣬˵ûʲô
Żð̵̨һ飬ʵҶ㵽ва
ҶֱӻصС
žͱﲻסЦһЦһ˵㲻֪˲˵𣿡
Ҷһ˵֪Լϡ
ţ
ϣ
Լְɣ
ȻսҶȥһûϣȱѬĹˡ
ŰѽҶƿԼ̨ǰѽҶ֮ǰŵĲмͿһλãȻ˼£
ţ˼ϸ񣬻һӾ
ϸڽŵĲ£һҶ˲Ŀɿڴ
ţ԰
ʲôʱ⼼ܵģ
һ㶼ǰĽŰ
Ҫģû䣬ҶΪǻһأ
⡣
ڽҶੲ֮󣬽ﾯ죬½Ҷʲô
Ͼ̫ԭϵ顣
ſ˽һۣϻǸŵЦ˽ҶЩ֮󣬺ҲûʲôرķӦŵһ
۽Ҷ̬žӦþһ˵ԽҶֵӣӦòỳʲô
һ룬ղŵĽһ룬Ǿã֪ЩʲôֻΪԭԲû˵ѡ
ǣ⿿һ㣬㹻вˡ
ŲžƤЦⲻЦطʵﲻˣ
Ҷϸϸ֮ǰ̫ţ˵Ҫˡ
ŹЦһһ͵ǻ
˾ͶĿȾȻȻͻˡ
̫ţΪ
ǰ·峴ʱߵһֺùʮȤѪҪѧһ£룬˼ĲˣãҺѧˣԿġ
һĺ˵˵Ա߽̲סҶϸƣЦЦ˵𣿡
üͷһ壬룺군ϵĽҶߣеŪȥˡ
ŲòǱһƣϣԼΧ
ŽųһЦҶԴһģ˵ʲôǲŵġ
ŴСʹϻֻۣҪѧϰѧʲôǿģʲôûɵġ
֮ԼӱһЩѧЩҲ޷ƫƫûϽġ
Ҷ
ѾתƣæŽҶ˵ѾϸͿˡ
Ҷ
Ҷ˵ؿһۣô򵥵飬Ҳɣ
ҶѾ˵ˣֱӶ̨ǰϸ͡
Ҫô򵥵鶼ᣬôͲе㱿Ǵˡ
һյ󣬽˳ĳ˻һá
˵ԱˣȥЪŰɣ
һأҶӰͲˡ
صԼҶžԼһġ
ˣΪʲôڳʱ򣬴ͽһ̲סЦˡ
̻ѬգŸԼһţĤĶŻ÷԰ˡ

 14 


ȥҹĻɴΧôȻһƹƶ˳ձӡŽɫϼ⣬һѤĲϼ̫ĵشƶ¶˳
îʱ̣ľ裬׼ʱ÷԰ڡ
ǰľڵϣȻ˼ţ˵С㣬ҽ
ƿţֶӰľŲӾͽӡ
С㣬𣿡
ľڼϣûõӦ̧ͷһŷֱӹĺСɽһߣȴûнŵӰ
˼䣬С㡣
һֱû˻Ӧˡ
һģС㲻ڴϣҲڷǱ°ȥ˰ɣ
뵽ǰЩʱգү⽻˵˽ɽˣǳŶСһЩ
뵽ˣˣæž˳ȥһһߺˣС㲻ˡ
ûܳԺӣŵʹݶ
СѾͷϵģϹ˵ʲôأСҲǺúõ
Ӳͣ˽ŲתͿԼСݶϣᶼίͰ͵˵Сûݶϸʲô
ˣ˲ⱣΪС㱻˸°أ
ŷô׻ᱻ˸°߰
СѾͷۿˣίͰ͵ӣæ͵ɱޣҾݶճ
Żָ̫ĵطȸԾ˵㿴̫ʱ򣬲ϼߣÿ
һߣƲ죬˻ȥĵĻѿڶС㣬ɣݶôߣɱˤˡ
һҪˤˣɵñүˣдүٲһѵˡ
ãճҲˣȥɣ
ȻСѾͷ޸
ߵԣһԴɣȥ˻ѣˮ˵߰ɣȥźϴ
õģС㡣

С㣬Ժٲݶȥˡ
СҪճĻҲƵü
ݶôߣΣհ
ױ̨ǰһͷ˿ɱڣκСѾͷﻹ߶߶˵ֿͣ췸ˡ
վĸߣſԶԺܹݶ
Ųһ䣬˭֪СѾͷһƲã´Ҳݶˡ
ӦʣЦտ
ΣֻĬĬﲹһ䣺´βݶվԺǿŴĶϣҲһġ
ܿ죬һͷ˿ڱ£ֱµķ;Ūˡ
ñȥ¹ѡѣԼͶֿʼױˡ
ܿ죬¹ѣһһͷʵ С㣬廨ȹνٵƶȹ㿴봩ļ
ŷü죬Ҳѧӣͷ󿴿ҿʱЩᡣ
廨ȹǵɫģνٵƶȹǵɫģ˵ʵͦϲġ
ˣѡ֢Ҫˡ
һĿűʵ봩ô죿
һЦȤҪСϡ
ţ
ϣȲ˵òÿ⣬͹һѵ͹ˣ׶ϵĻҲܸһ
͵Ц֮˵ҪСȴɫ廨ȹٴɫģ
аɣ
˫һ죬ľżһɱס
Ѿһ֮ˣѾʼ飬ž֪Ѿʳʱˣñš
򵥵ù֮󣬽žʹűд԰ȥˡ
ŵʱ򣬽վڰǰһŴֽһ֧Ϻõëʣֽ֪дЩʲô
߽ʶʵֳдЩʲô
ﲻ˵ʩ࣬ⲻдʾһȥ
ʣֳù𣿡
ùˡ
һ߻ظһ߻ӶıʣأּֽҲɼ
ſһּֽۣ˼ʮּ࣬һĿͨ׶֡
ּֽ˴֮˵Сãòֺ͵٣ɱ͵Ŷ
ڽĵѣſܸЦȻͼǿתƻ⣬ֱۣػζЩƵ˵ֳˣǳȥɣ
һҲǸѵüһأֻɹһıǼ⣬˵ãÿһЩҪõʳġ
ڿЩŰɣ
½ἰһЩʲôԭ飬ߡ
Լһ𼱻ǵģЦЩˤˡ

ةſڣŽҪţͺ͸ҪŵĹ賽ײ
ˣ˳ſǳȥˡ
üһ壬ʵղ˽ڣʲô
賽Ц˵ˣةฮ𣿡
ѵýգҺͳ磬ةฮõġ
ĬĬطһۣʲôҡ
Լ˵ȥĻֲ˼ߡ
üͷ΢壬Ѿ˼ֻ֣ǿ賽һۣЦӣòɣҪš
ԼһۣŹ˵ȻѾˣǱһȥϹɣ
ãǻ⣿
һЦȻˡ
Ȼ˵ˣȻû˵ƽ׶æණˣ³Ŷôˡ
ԼһЦ֪Щʲôֻû˵ƣֻǵһЦ˵ŰɣЩͷЩɹ
ǣĸ˺ƺƵĳˡ
´ʱ䣬ŴˣȥһЩͨƽ˱̶һҪõĲϡ
ůģĿⶢŽֱ̯λϵСƷʵ֪˽ڵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ賽ʵ磬֪˽ڵ𣿡
賽ҡҡͷԱ߽ǺЦҪռһ£ȴ̯λϰ渵
ʮ³ˣ׳ơ˽ڡһгϰףҲС߱ζࡣ
ɺ桢ӡҡӡʡԲ춹ͻȵܼƲ¶ʮ֡
ా֮ҪȾ棬֮Ҫѡ
͸˳ԣǸΪԼͺ˻¡
˵꣬ϰ峯һۣЦʵ֪λӾҿ˵Ķԣ
һЦصϰ˵޴
ϰһӿãʵӣϲ
ҡҡͷӷŻԭλķͷѾˣûҪڻˡ
ŽֱۣһЦֳǻȥɣ
á
źͽˣ賽æȥ
Զˣӻͳһӣ̯λϰ˵ϰ壬ѸղֻӣҰ
賽󣬱ߴٵ㵹ǿЩ
ˡ
ӷؿλãæ׷ȥ

 15 


ֵУ̫ǿҵĹߣůϣܸһֻ˯ĸо
ͤ͹ʯϣΧʯ塣
Ҳ֪һë̺Ŀտλϣʱ賽ڵ̺ϣǰһɾ໨ԵӣһСδǵĻ
վڽһΧһ߹Ƿġ
󲻶ϴĹǷаӣתԼ˵СãˣͻȥСһɣ
ִһǷȴҡͷ˵Ҳѵˣಹơ
ʲô
һˮ
賽磬бͬҲһãȻ
·˵ƣ
ʲô
Ǽһ£æ͵Ҿɹɹ̫һ¶ů
Ŷ
ҪñȥιŸһ£
أŸоⲻ͵˵ͷͿС鲽˳ȥ˳Ǻ˰ᶫȥˡ
ܿ죬ûһʱ䣬Ӱڶʯ̵Сϣֱϻһë̺
ʱ󻹸żԺ̧ƽʱϢʱͤ
ԺźãֱӾȥ
ϣֱۣ̫ˡ
ҪһЩͼ͸ˡ
뷨ոðڶ
С㣬Ҹȥ֪ͨһԼʱͻи͹ġ
һи㣬վڱļһ£Це˵ġ
ѵñԼСһأɫ΢죬ЩɬЦˣȻڵ̺ϣ賽һȥˡ
ǰʱڽ˵ʵǹ̫ˡ
ٰ£ŴΧԼҴ͹ת˼Ȧȥι˽𣬼͸Ļûֱһƨڵ̺ϣֱӼ賽ͱİС
Ű˼Ͱѻֱһһţȵ
ְѶĶظ˼飬ÿλȵ
Ա߱ðۣһݵĿ޵ۣС
ŽﻨȥСѾͷݵģ漴˵ҪҲԣ
ЩԾԾԣ˵ҽӲס
Źû£Կ
أžͿѻһԴһ̧Сſ˼룬ûǾòЩᡣ
˰ΣֱӾЦΪֱŹȥˣͷ䣬ֱӾ䵽ĻС
ǡӴһ֮űλÿһۣŴȤ콵ֶģҪӮ
ҵ˹ּ˹ʱҵվЩˣһ˵ӣԲ𣬶ԲҲǹġ
˵еĻ漴һ䣬ˮϼһСĲСˮ׷
˱¶ͨ죬۲תֻǵһЦº͵˵¡
˵꣬Ȥһ콵˵ҵĺҪˡ
֣أ
ɲǼһ˿ŰӣҪôѹĺɱƬײȻ䱻һʣ˼һӾˣˡ
̣ü΢΢һ壬תչҪˣһأ
һЦˣŽüŪ۵ЦȻҪһˡ
ŸպûعͷͶ˹ߣЩãȻ
ǣҪһˣʲô
Ѳܸһ˰
ſٱۣиµͷˡ
Ҳԭ׷߰ɣ
ԹͻļüŪۣɲǼ;ûһ£ϱζʮ㡣
һתۣһЦ˵ȻҪһˣպռλ˶һãÿøλ˸ú˵һļŮԸ㡣
ɱ𡣡
ڽĺ⣬æ֣˵ǧ˵һڵģңˡ
˵ˣЩĹӣԼ˵Ŀɲ㡣
ҪǾĻָ飬Ȣӵġ
һۣղŻ˵Ҫһˡ
𡰺ǺǡЦͷЦ˵Цģвܵ档
ҡҡͷҲֻ˵˵ѣδ档
ܿ죬£Ȼ󵥷Ӯˡ
һ£ȫȫĳףµ´βˣÿζɱƬײ
ôҲ
ֻǵһЦ֪˭һʱҲ˵ġ
ӽͤʼ賽ûô˵ᵹǿˡ
һҲ˵ġ
賽һۣ֪ˣﻹ˵Ҫӵİ
Īһۣ賽С˵һ䡰Լղñ˵ˡֵͷȥˡ
ֽˣҲûҪһֵӣų𺰵𣬸Ͻæһ
ʵ˵Ҳ𣿡
ĿһۣƮƮطʵʱܱ֤㲻𣿡
𣺡
֤ˡ

껨Ѿһ֮ˣѰõĻףȥˡ
ɨʰϵĻǣԶʰϵӣ賽ڳΣʳ
Ƭ̣ŷɨ㣬ʵôԴ󽫾۴ûһ
һ۳ʳĽ𣬴Ȥôˣ
ֱӾǷһۡ
Ա賽絹ǿˣԴ۹ӣ£ûһ
˵꣬˶ֲһ䣬æˣȻһǰġ
˵ʲôʹһ
ô̸֣Щʲôأ
ŻعͷͿһɫѣͷ߸һο壬˫ִ࣬ϹŵЦ⡣
࣬۲ʹһ£ͷͬ÷Ҳһ壬Цݿ䣬͸һ˹ŵĸо
˲һ𣬵ܵĲñȽϴ󣬿һֺŲĸо
˽ͤȿ˵̸۸󽫾ҸʲôĹȢؼϱ
ܵһЦ˵Цɿá
һʳͰʳŵһԣ߿󽫾ǲںһҪһεενӴ
ҿƤˣҲҴȤˡ
ƾҪִһˣֱӶ˽ŵı
ţ
ôˣû¶

 16 


ʱʱ֣̫ѾɽɫѪϦҲţµӰԽԽ
͵ܵةฮһ磬ù֮󣬾Ͷ뿪ˡ
ʱǧϣ˫Žŵ棬һֻľӡ
Ӷż򵥵Ļ䣬мһЩ򵥵ĻƣԭǼӵӣþһЩ
վ󣬼ľӿֿһңЩɻʵС㣬֮ǰģкβͬ𣿡
˼ҡҡͷ޲ͬ
Ȼ޲ͬôôãȴǸɻˡ
Ӻÿ𣿡
˫أػζǧö˱ĶС
صֻСϲǺÿġ
Цˣű͵٩ǺÿºǲϲҲܷ
һĨɬͷ˵С˵Ķԡ
Цһ΢΢һţǧ͵ԽԽߣԱվıֱǿþսģԼСһСľͻˤһ
ǧڿкݺݵĻεһᣬž;ûˣǧĻζš
˰Σŵ͵ͿһеӣĿϣתƵ̫ɽλãѾƣǳɫศɣ滭һѤʵľ
֪˶ãٴԼСֻʵ㣬Ǳҵģǹģ賽أ
ͷַ°ʹһ˼ӡ
ҾӦǹƽ򸮵ĹСӡ
ЦһʵΪʲôô϶ǹ𣬷۶賽أ
СӣһС죬˵Щɬ£οǵСġ
СӣүЩ£ԻһЩ˵ҲԲЩ
ŵ˵ͷñ˵һ㶼û
˵ú㣬Ӿֹۿʵġ
˵ĲǾ˵˹İࡣ
ȷʵǹߵʱģǸʱȴ˵賽͵ġ
ʱ˵Ǵž˵賽Ƥ˼͸Թ͵Ǿ֮ͣ賽æת
ǽֲɵŵʱ賽һֱ󣬾뿪̯λʱ賽æˣֱصةฮ賽絽뿪ةฮ֮ǰûٳȥ
Ӳ賽£賽Ҫ͸ġ
֮뿪̯λʱ򣬹̯λǰͣһᣬӣӦǹǻġ
ǹΪʲôҪ˵賽͵ģŴҲµ߰˷֡
賽һֱϲԭκӾףԭɬѣʱ˵͸˵Ǳˡ
ԣӣڰа賽ǣ߰ɣ
ΪֵܣģҲʵס
ǣǲһ£賽ͬΪ֮賽磬˵Ļ£ɲԼ
֮ǰԭŵĻ˵ʱةమŮУټϻϿةฮϣԴһ棬ĬŵĻ£Ѿةฮˡ
̾һӽ˱˵Ҹ̴ľӣúô
õģС㡣
תӣŴǧ
ɫѾһһգϵĵȫʱةฮѾƻͨ
һ΢紵𣬿ſڱ紵΢΢ζĵžʱ仹磬ܺԼҴļ֣ŲֱסԺȥ

¹͵ڴϣд԰ڣֱִͦԺУ°΢΢衣
һ£еĽĶԽԽ죬һ·ɣһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ֻ֨߹һű㱻˴ƿˡ
תͿԼվſڣʵ磬𣿡
еĽһƯĽ֮շڱ󣬳˵ͷ
̶ֵ붬ѩãûƺЩˡ
˵꣬Դʵ»˯𣿡
ŵͷ
ʵҲû˯⣬ֻŸպڲãҹ̫˯̫磬ҹǻѡ
ǣǲҪļ𣿡
ű˵ģǻ߾ͳˣǣ뿴轣
˵Ȼ뿴Ǵ轣㿴
أžͿ֣Цλζһ˫۾ǰһ۲ƣԽԽ졣
һϮٷƮһͷй£ɣˣһȾ
ǽſ꽪轣ĵһ뷨
ԭС˵ЩһϮ£ɵӣĴڵġ
˽˫ðŷۺɫݣһһ߿޵磬轣̫˧ˡ
ȻԼúڿ佱ԼǽЩãȻ
˧
һԴˣŴû˧ˡ
ֻúǺһЦ˵轣뻯ư磬Ӣˬ
۲תͷһЩεѽ㣬ǷĨۣ

ƤһЦ֣ζţ磬ѧ书
һۣѪ
ʵҲѪһ˽İɣ
Ǻͽѧһʱ书ԺʶȭʲôֵֹʱֻҪ֤ѧҲͲôû˵ˡ
Ƥգգ۾ЦȻѪ粻𣿡
Ȼǽ̵ġ
ָҹе£ȵ˵˵ǽ书ֻҪÿڣҪһº췱ǣ綼뾡ӣժ
ϲЦտȴ֪˵ʲôˣֻöŽһɵЦ
Цһ͸˻ˣ
ŵͷȳź۸⻹ˡ
ź۸ԭϲԵĸ㣬û֮һ
ʵѧǴտʼ
룬صѧ»˯⣬ܷļأ
ȥˡ
ѽ뽣ʣȥŪˡ
ʱ
ӣۿϵİԽԽ٣һǷ˵ʼˡ
ҹɫˣԴ˵ȥЪŰɣЩ
õģ磬
Ρ
ƿţűһһ뿪˽д԰
Լ뿪ʱһһӣóĺܸˡ
¹ʯϣ⣬Ժĺ÷һԺվãҲ֪Щʲô
ãֱԸ˿˿⣬תڡ

 17 


д԰󣬽鼫ãĥЩۣԼһĤĤú󣬽ǸһĤȻԼϣñҲԼϷĤ
ϷĤϣſŴ߸ҵʵõ𣿡
һʱ֮Ĭͷȴõ͵͵ġ
ԭֻһʣǿСѾͷķӦ룺СѾͷˡ
Ȼ֪˴𰸣Żװ֪ӣ°𣿡
֧֧˰죬һС
Ȼˡ
ŶűƣʵǱ𣿡
ԼСһƣһʣʱ;Щ̣ûлشҲûзϣֻǶһ½ţЩɬһЩغһ䣺С㡣
ŵ͵һЦСѾͷߵӣǿɰأ
֪𣿡
ҡͷ֮ƲƲ죬ЩƵ˵Ǹӡ
㲻𣿡
ҡͷ£ԭǴκ֪ģҲ¡
ֻСˣûˡ
СҲˣ֪Ҳ޷Сǲ͸¶ȥġ
֪Ҳͬ᲻𣿡
ͷܿҡͷ
СѾͷͷҡͷģ̲סЦˣϷʰʵ벻֪
֪
£õˣҲõ˲Լ˵֮²ϲԼԺһԺӣʱܻЩεġ
СѾͷ˼Ҳµ˼֣Ҳ˵ʲôˣֻǴȤʵ¸ˣͲ˵ȥ𣿡
ҡͷʮֿ϶˵£С㶨ˡ
Ų˵ֻǶŴ
ãԼСڶ
Ҫ𣿡
صδ
̧һ̫ѨϸãӦ֮ˣǱõˣ
ã֮ˣӹĺû򻵣ٻЩϲ
Ǽ֮ˣ˶Ըļϣţã֮˿ñԼҪ
ͻȻãµСѾͷ鰮ǿú͸
ѡأ
ͷ·˵Щᡣ
Ҳ֪ĴӦĵĵţƬ̺СѾͷˡ
ڶֻ˵ñѡһѡԼ֮ˡ
Сѡأ
ûСѾͷش֮󣬻һ⡣
ûлشֻϵĤжˣվڼǰùˮ΢΢šɣ˸ɾ˵һѡҵˡ
ɻʵΪأ
Ϊһ̫ˣԼòԼֻҪϲˣǲģʲôֵ£ֻԼѹʹࡣ
ϲҲպϲ㣬Ǳõ¡
ϲˣǲϲ㣬ǾӢͽҶһѹľֻӢһˡ
֮˵ϲˣȴ᲻ѹһһ֣ǻļϳţϲ˿Լء
һϲһϲˣ˰ѡһѡһԼˣٻᱻᱻ˳С
Ųûа˵ֻǶű˵ȥЪŰɣ
õģС㡣
ȥߵſڵʱ򣬽ֽס
ͣ½ŲתʵС㻹ʲô𣿡
ָָϵĤĵѵĤжٳȥһŵ˱ˡ
ˣԼϻͿһװ׵Ķȥ±˼ԼΪǼأ
ҪŵˣǿɾĹˡ
ԼСһۣζԣЦŰжĤְϲɾˣľȥˡ
ȥ󣬽Ϩ˵ƣ¹˴ܿ磬һҹΡ

ա
컹ûδžˡ
ݶٿһճģһ뵽ǰһսʱҲԼĻģžʹݶճ뷨۾һֱڴš
ֱɫ״߷ǰףľŶź
С㣬𣿡
۾һˡ
ľڼϣšɲݸʵС˯𣿡
Žӹ˵ͷ
˯ú㣬һܲʵַǳõΣεԼһ󽫾ɪʮۡ
Ȼ˵ΣܲʵʣǲЦĺܿģЦ˺üء
ϴ󣬽Żһɫνٵƶȹñ򵥵İԼһ̫ӵƫ׹١
ſžӰԭģһ˫ü续峺ͦݰ׵ģЦ޶һ㶼֡
رڷϱһʯӣϼ򵥵ĴһЩ֬ˮۺݸЩˡ
Ų̾÷òƣһһЦݹŴŮһҲΪ
ǹһЩȶˡǧĺԣҲޡ
͸̨ױ̨ϣһ˫ܷܷ֣̫λãζ˼£̶һЦű˵ˣŰɣ
õģС㡣
ȥһˣֻܿˣżѾߡ
ѾǽţһºС㡣

ӦһѾǾͰʳһһʳ˳ʳﶼϺѾǾһһ˳ȥ
ǰľһţҪͣȴ԰һŮһ
ҶܲܲҪǶң
Ůܲף֪
ž֪ӢԼҵܵ˵
ֻӢôôˣ
ֵֻò죬ˣϽľ꣬ܵԺֶѸٵſǽϿ԰Ķ
ԼСܳȥֶǽ˲;ˣŵϴϴġ
·ֱţǰһֱף̫С㡣
Ȼع񣬱ŻҵغС㣬
ȱ˵
һְֻǽתűһֻһĶ
촽򣬵ϵĵ˿䣬źתͿһӢȻֽߵ
ŵŵһβȣͿʼµ
ˣˣҪŵˡ
Ž˫ۣŻĵһ뷨
Ƭ̣еʹûԼŻۣŷԼ֪ʲôʱ÷԰ĵܽסˡ
ͬʱ÷԰ģй賽۲͡
ţ
ˣô࿴¹ԭײϲö󣬰ٷ֮ʮǱסˡ

 18 


ţû¡
ŽŻˣӢæԾǽͷһû°ɻû˵꣬ͿűܱڻԱ߻վŹǼˣʱһ¡
Ҳ֪ǲǽϱȽϻӢһûվȣ˾ǰ㣬ǰҪǽͷϵˣŵӢ۾ա
ɲǼ䣬ԺＸҲһ׼ȥӣȴֽҶһжˣӢȵĽ˻
оԼһůĻӢ۾ͿҶһӢȻʱϾȾһ˿ɫ
Χ˾ǿϷһ㶢ˣŽҶЩˣһ궯϶³ֱӾͰӢȥ
Ӣûһ˿ֱӾ͵˵ϣŵĿŽҶۿ΢΢졣
ԭѾϲԼز
Ӣվ˲۽ǣվһԡ
Ҷ㣬ҲӢۿǿȥˣ̲סҶѵҶҲ̫ϧ˰ɣ
Ҷһۣ˵һۣЩõţ㻹ã
ţ
ˣܱڻһԹƣ
Ůܲף֪֪
һҶôƵ˵ɫһ壬ﰵԸֲ̣ĸԸܱġ
˭֪һǽˤˡ
֪ᱻܽסǼΧۡ
ɫһ˿ɣƺоĲɣܶӣͰ
һԹϷ˵գƣǴ󽫾ᣬϧ񡣡
˵̶꣬ڽҶһ£󽫾ѧѧ³ȥԺûļСԸˡ
Ͳ͹Ӳˡ
Ҷһתͳ÷԰š
Ҳ֪Ҷһϳʲô磬ӢļʾοӢһЦ˵û¡
ôܻû£һ˷ŵıȴõŪõڳ϶Ƿǳܵġ
ףҲûд
ࡱ
Ӵһ飬εЦЦ˵ʮŵæܳˣŶûԵġ
뵽ղŵһĻǹѵôȤû뵽һӾײϲöãҲǽأ
𸽺͵ǣΪƽʱֻϲڼҵٺŮأ
û뵽磬ûöһ档
ţ뾲
˽ڳԷ
ΪʲôЩһûô磬ֱܴˡ
֪Ҳ˼ˣԴֳһ˵ˣȥŰɣ
ҲԴһѣѧŵ˵˵ȥɣɱˡ
賽һָۣ˵һ䣺ˣ˿ǻ۵ġ
žװûһӢͽԼӣܺ͹˾ͳ÷԰ֱȥд԰ҽȥˡ

ųŶӢԱ߰ţˣѾ߰Ѷʰɾˡ
Ӣ°ͣĿŴĺ÷˼ʵţ˵Ҷô𣿡
һ£Ӣڶˡ
ʵýҶӦòӢȻڸղӢǽͷʱ򣬽Ҷһʱͽס
ĸʵҶӦЩϲӢģֻԼڻ̫׶ѡ
׿˵ṫ𣿡
Ӣҡҡͷ͸¶һ˿˸к
Ҷû׿˵ÿȥҽҶʱǲϲתߣѵЩ㹻֤ҶԼ
ӢûаοˣҲ֪ΰοֻÿ졣
Ȼû˵ͲҪԼ롣
ֻ̫࣬Լӹš
˵ˣҲҪѹʱνᣬʵϲҰٿᡣ
Ӣһۣ֪ڰοԼǿĳ¶һЦݣţ˵ǲǸ÷ˣ
ûлشֻǷʵԼŵ𣿡
Ӣ˸еȻһЦҲŵ£ҲŲ£ܵԹ֪
̾һúܣʵϣӢܹ£ǸֵĹš
һߣϣӢܹԼҵܵһӢܸӿҸ
ǰ£˵˲㡣
ͷǾ˳Ȼɣ
š

󣬽Ӣȥ˳ֻ·д԰ʱ򣬳һÿ˶ȥæ
ʱ˺ͳʦһվϾͼˡ
ſˣͿʼÿ˰Ÿøʲô
ҶӢȥˡ
Դ󽫾鷳ȥɱˡ
ͰҰͷ
賽磬⡣
ˣźˣ𣿡
ܶ˵ֱߣӣ˵װˮͰ˹ȥץסһ㣬ַĲ
״賽Ҳû˵ֱߣӣҲָɻȥˡ
ʣ½ҶӢһ
ſŽҶһüʵ
ҶüͷӢһۣ˵ţġ
û
ЦȻЩ⣬Ȼ˵Ҿǹģô𣿡
ǹģǹᣬ˴һ顣
Ҷ첻߲ѵıдŲ

һеǰ취
磬Ҷָӡ
һˣҶȭͷգҧгݵ˵ߣݡ
˵꣬ͶŲһȥˣӢ㶣Ҳȥ
ȻҪýҶǵýϣȻ˵鲻ԸǽҶǻԹ
ŲԶҶӢ鲻Ըˣε̾һƺоԼЩ¡
Ҳ֪ԼˣĶԣǴ
ܶԺܻһġ
οԼǣΣϣǺõġ
Ӻ󣬵ܰɱõ㣬ϴɾˣ賽ҲкˣҶӢѲ˶ˡ
ŹŲŰһͷԴؿһֱۣ⣬ڰϣֱò˵һģȻ
ﱻĵЩϡͷֱӾɵۣԱߵܺ賽綼춼Ͳˡ
ͬʱţǾ׿˵ãʲôʱôˡ
ŻعͷͿһ㤵ĿԼЩɻ󣬡ôʲô
ͬʱҡͷûʲô
һԽҶЦһ㶯̫³ŵˡ
ãȻسֿһۣ·ʣ̫³
ǵ˽Ҷһۣͬʱҡͷͬʱ˵ûУûС
ŷʵ𣿡
ٴκĬĵͷһŵӡ
űǵı鶺Цˣ˵Ļôôأ

 19 


̫գգֵС
ةฮǰ峼Žֽһܿ죬ֽǹ䴦һݻЩ͵ͬʱ滹
һ֪ǹƽ򸮡򸮺ͽæ үˣˡ
峼ͷʾԼˣԱϵˡ
ܿ죬ƽ򸮵ةฮǰͣȣƽȷŷ
ţͣȣҲͬŷ
潫δͣȣһӰ˳ʱ˽峼һ
ڵͷһ£ѵ˵⺢ӣôżͲܵͣȰ
ԴԼҵһת峼һһãã貮ãǺá
ڵΪϺϵѾֲˡ
ֻЦòѾͷԽˮˡ
ԼŮһۣԽԼŮΪֹһˣ̾һ˵ɩӣɱڿԽԽûŮҼҵˡ
ҿѾͷǲСڣҲͦõģҼԲ
һˣҲͦͬ˵ĻҲ˵ҲãŮҵĻһЩͦõġ
Ҳ˵ҼСӿ˲ˣѽĽôĵСްˡ
൭һЦҲڱԼŮãûСްů
ֻϣѾͷ¾ͺá
ǾҪſڳƪ峼˵Ƚȥ˵ɣ
Ҳǣˣݡ
˽ݣæ˹ܼң֪źͽǶڳֱȥˡ
ŵ𼱻ǵܳȥԴ󽫾ҡҡͷôҼЦˡ
һЦ˵ǺǣӣҿϲĽҪҼԲۣҶҪѾͷҶϱˡ
豭һڲ裬ЦѾͷҲǳɴҺˡ
ƷƷ裬Ƕڳڣһʱỹòš
˵ԼҺڳϺ϶һۣжĲš
ڼ֣ſڵĴүȻˡ
̫ĪǴ߳˰ɣ

һֱڳæµĽţ֪ƽʹ󽫾Ѿ˸ϴϴ֣ͱǰȥˡ
һžֱ̫ܵӾͺͶײһһƨɾ͵˵ϡ
ԼƨɣͷһŰ
Ӵ˭ȻײС㣬ǲǲҪ˰
̧ͷͿŮӴһϮںľװһͷ˿߸𣬷ֻһľϲδʩ죬һ˫ڰ׷Ĵ۾˶һʵĸо
Ϊĸ̫ܵײԼˣڽ̧ͷһ̣æʵţûˤɣ
ſһЩɻ֪֣ӻԭͦӡ
ŸϽԺһ£ԭļҵ˹ŮӵѶϢ
ԭǰŮӣϲģǸ赶ŪǹĽС㣬Ҳǵܵã
°ڣ˵û¡
ǳȻǵס֣ʵ˵˻
ŵ˵ͷˡ
Щ죬æһ䣺Ϊʲôѽ㲻һֱ𣿡
űŵ֣Ųţ˲Ӧе
ôڿԭϵܺõӡ
װģִӵ˻ʵһ˵һ䣺õ㣬Ұ
ڽ˵֮󣬵ϳһ˿Ρ
Žղ˵㶼ǣԼˡ
ЩΣҲվ̫¸˵ʲôˣֻ˵һ䣺ڳȥҪȥǰһˡǰķȥˡ
ŽŵıӰܸоյĽźĽŲһŶԼ˵ʱдһЩе䵭ŻЩϰ߰ɣ

һǰԺﴫһЦ·ܾûЦôˣЩĴˡ
վſڣȷæ֣ţվſʲôأ
ֻýţǺһ
תŹ㡢¡λ
ż貮Բλˡ
㶮£Ӳ̾һ˵֪ҪҼһ֪ǶҪЦˡ
̾ļ򣬰οиĺãҲ̫ˡ
ҲһģҲ˵ǣ˵һٲ㺢ٲܹҲԼҵĺӡ
϶͵˵öԣѽҲǰ̾ģж︣Ҳͷˡ
ˬһЦ˵Ȼɩ˵ˣҾͲˡ
żһһģžĬĬվһԣͷԼȹڣֱǲʲôҪʵġ
Ų̧ͷ˵һ£ûʲôɣƫʲôζ
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Ѿͷ֪ҲϸĽ峼ֺɩӣôõһŮ
㿴㣬ˡ
ۺģϴȤҪôϲѾͷȥʥǰּʥϸܺѾͷͻ飬ѾͷҶϱͲۺˡ
һһĴඥⲻ
˻˽һۣ˵ǲ֪ѾͷԸԸ޵Ǵ󽫾ˡ
ϵ񣬽һ£ֻǹһ˿ζģôһžͳأ
Ϊѣϳະһ˵ҿɾͲͬˣҲҪΪҼǸСȡһ£ҼҳСϲѾͷˣɲǼȥ
ţԭڼλүԭǿġ
ɩ͹ˡ
ˣ
Ҳ˵Ͳ˵һ˵Ҫˣⲻǹʲô
˵ͲˣҪùƽɩҹ֣ˣ
ˣһһģžԼϣкöֻһһֱ˵죬ʶˡ
ԼŮЩʣ峼ٿһǱˣŮôãô£ҿ᲻ô޵˼ȥ
Ҳ˵ǣһŶڼҼꡣ
϶һۣ·˵ã׳ˣ˼Ҹ᲻ԼŮ̫ˡ
˰ˣæҸھˡ
Լٴȥһٳ賽͵֮ѡĻܲˡ

 20 


ֵУ͸Ʋ㣬ԺĴϣ͸Ҷķ϶ڵһƬӰ쵡
ﴶŰһװ̣һֱȵǿʼϲˡ
̨õĲˣЦˡ
ɫջûк衣
˵ģϳθãԿζһԵıȽ嵭ԽһʡʲؽͷŹǡ
Ϸˣϲҿζأžһoͺ㣬ر˼Ϸ˰Եļˡ
ǶŲˣȻĳǰȥʱ򣬽ŰѹҲһ˳ȥ
Լһ룬ӣ׼ÿװһࡣ
Ƚװһ󣬲ŷֵܻûߣ϶˶٣ʵǶȥˣԴ󽫾վ
һ˿Ȼٿһ˵㡣
֣Լࡣ
ȴýŲԾ˵һۣЩ󵨵ģֱӾʹվǰˡ
ܵһģ峺һȪһͦݰס
ϷɫǲͬѰһ𪣬ֶеСɫǳо⣬ܷ紵£ķɫӰܿģխģһƽЦݣһֶصĸоһ۾ܼס
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ԼԺעһ㣬Ҳûܵľٶװõ࣬˵߰ɣôҵ̫ˡ

˶֣Ѿڲǰãһ˶ӣӦڵһ
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ź͵ܰŵÿǰԱ£ϵһЦҡͷ˵࣬Ҷаæġ
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ԼϵǰͽŶԱȵ飬ϰˣεҡҡͷԼϵһ⣬ѵ˵ǧǧҸűȣȻĳԲ·
ĬǺһЦ
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ϷһЩʱˮһϺõ裬иһ֪Ұʷμǡ
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žһ޴춯ͬʱ۲͵İǰڳԿҰʷμǵĹһ
ͻĶҲѽŵˣ۲Ͷûü
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۲ûص˵һۣû˵ĺֳĺ¡
ƵĴ߽ڵϵ۲һۣȻ˵һһЦӴԴ󽫾ʲôˣ
һȤЩҲסˣҪˤ۲͵ġ
ˤ۲͵һĻöˣܵʱˣͻȻһ£һʱ֮䣬ܻˤ۲ֻͣʶĶѣΪ֮
۴ӣǲǵԴ󽫾ôˤأ
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״ִܺϣ˫һϿǸԲסˣҲġ
֣дҼƽϡ
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۲ͣ
ãã
ô׽Ū˵˼

 21 


һ־磬۲֪ȴȻܡ
ҲǸĸˣٳϿҵı˺üǸ֮۲񶼲ҲͲٴƢˡ
۲ͶӣֻúЦһ˾һСһѵʿɶֹ
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ҡҡͷһɣŹӣһҰʷμǾͿ
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ǰ̣ЩõԤУѿڶʵòȥɣ
ŴһָȻһЦһ¾С
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ϣҵĴӡ
ųӣС֣ſڣûиɹôһةฮǽƳأ
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ͷЦЦûʲôŬ

ӢһͷˮŽ˵ôֵֹġ
ǵҪʲôʱ򣬽ȴ˵ˡ

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ǸˣȻ֪˵ЩʲôֻǵһЦصлΪ£ҷ֮¡
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˵꣬漴ָָָԼƤһЦѲɣӵ𣿡
͡
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ĬֻĬĬתŲͣǰš
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˵꣬һתˡ
㶣ѾͷһǺ֮ǰһˡ
ӱˣ˼Ҳͨ͸࣬ھӣúʮǸˡ

 22 


صةฮù֮һ˾ȵУİ۲˺԰
ͻȻŸ˳۲һˮɻʵãҳ
󿴿ҿȷû˻԰󣬽Ųʵֳ֪ܷһСæ
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۲ͲԸæżæ䣬һ־ǣɿˡ
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һģ۲ǹһĨЦдϷʣҲأ
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ҪǾԲ԰ΧģǳˣǾǼˡ
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תһȦ󣬽Ʋ֣Ʋ˵Ȼûλˡ

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۲ĬĬؿһۣĬĬغһˮǲڵĺãʡһ

 23 


ҹɫһµա
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Ȼ̫ױ˵ĵԴ󽫾ļһʣҲ֪ʲôʱݺݵˡ

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ǿ׸֮ӣЩҹӺͳ͢Ա۲ͣҲ֣Ͼҵû˼ôۺƴ˼ҡ
Ե۲ٴοڵʱһʱ֮䣬˿ڻӦ·𷽲źʱļȫǼ
Ŷ˵ķӦ⼫ˣȻ׸֮һ棬ǮĹԱ븻ҹӶÿߣϾƴҵվƴ˼ҡ

 24 


۲ͳ˻ʦĵĻ֮԰˶û뵽£ʦı˶Щ˼顣
λ׸֮۲͹ӣ֮ǰδϤ֪˵ţƽ԰ڵĽ°˵֪ġ
λ۲͹ӣΪҪһǧ𣬻涼δϣʦ벻׵ĵط
ЩԭڱصãҪһǧΪʦĵĸҹټүˣû뵽·ɱ۲ҧ
˵ƽǮ㹻ǻӻģ׸ۼȽϣǾԵüС
Щ˲ĺݺݵ۲һۣھһЩ˾ѿ໰
ЩټүҽãҲվԭһ߷߲ƽȥ
ʣµˣе§ԼĹ¥еĻ볡ѣΪһʦյˣ뿪ˡ
ʦĻ֮۲ͱˣûһϲãһ۵ڽŵĶߣʼ
԰ӣĿɹڵġ
볡ѣǾ͹ˡ
ǧֻܹһȴ´ˡ
ҵ
Σ۲ͼһ£ĳѵһֵǧǾͱСദˡ
⻰һ˿˿ڣȴ˵һл
תŽ˵磬ˣǻȥɣ
ţذɣ
ƺ仰ܾˣ־ȥ
˶ߵĲˣ۲Ͳ˵һ䣺ɱһҹ̸ֻʫʸ踳
ٿһϲԾطһĨ糺죬ЩΡ
״۲˫һ̯ˣѾˣˡ˵뿪ˡ

ҹ裬¡
ױ̨ǰһµľᣬһûһµŴǰ˿ĿȴһֱŴǧ
԰Ѿˣϵֱ꣬ŷ磬ûгţܺ۲Ҳûеةฮ
Ҳ֪󣬹ʦôˡ

̾һеľᡣ
̴ıеıӣһľһ磬ϣϸϸѯʵС㣬ôˣΪ̾
ҡҡͷ촽¡
񲻽⣬Ȼ£Ϊ̾
С㲻Ը˵ģҲû׷ʡ
һ۴ҹɫʵ¶أСɷҪЪˣ
ߴӴջأŹ˹ϵ磬˵»û˯⣬ǰЩӣɫùЩȥ
õģС㡣
ܿɫøŰһ£һ˲١
һ룬һߣͿʼߣʵͽҶʲôأ
վصүһЩôүȥ죬үæС
ɴ˰ߣôҲԭҪ嶫Ȥѱĥһ룬ŰһţǽҶأ
ùϵߣžͿߵʳָϣ£ûһĹ򣬱Ͱ߸ãȻߵݸЦүӣܡ
Žӹߣ͵͡Ŷһֿʼĥʲôˡ
ѾܾòЩˣЩ֪Ӻˡ
ǵãûԽ֮ǰǰʮеʱÿϢյʱ򣬶ʦܻǿҪѧʮ壬˵ŮҼҵģӦһЩ¡
ѧѧˣʮҲ˲֪ٸǵ󣬳һ򵥵࣬ʣµƷͶǰƷ
ʱܾãͷЩǿƣϲǿѧһЩϲĶ塢١赸Щ
ǴԽ֮󣬲֪ЩͷƽʱѧĶıء
ǣҲ֪Ǽͷúòã
ԼСˣһСĻ֣ʮСĵİе߸ˡ
ƣԼСӣһʱǻز񣬱ŰӡߵȶպòŻԭλŵ˳ȥ
ʱ󣬵ȽŻعֽЩѾĲУѾڣҲ֪ʲôʱȥǿ񣬾ȥϢˡ
ಱӣվһ¾Ĳʣ˴ִϵ𣬱ź˴

ա
ʱѾˣùź񽻴ˣ˵ڶղҪһ𴲣һ˯Ȼѣſν˯ʮֵ
ſڴϣһس溰һ񡣡
ˣС㡣
һֱţ͵ԼСʲôʱ˯ѣͶľ裬ʹˣ󻹸һȺѾߣỵ̈žµĳʳ
ľڼϣѲһˮššˮ˹ȥ
ӹŲ˲ڣ̧ʾѾǳȥ
ѾǷ̣ȫȥ󣬽ŲŴӱ˶ڴߣűԼѡ
ߵ¹ԣѹŴ򿪣ʵС㣬봩ļأ
̧а׵ָһָǼźɫܽޡȹɣ
񲻼ȡѣǵýŲߴٵЩҶˡ
ЦһƤȤ˭Сôٹһʱˣܲ𣿡
ţ
ѵһ˯ȻѣҪСѾͷȤ
޹Ⱑ
һ㣬գſڳݲʵڸ𣿡
ͷڵġ
˵ڸżӿ˳Զٶȣܿϵĳʳһɶ
궫󣬽ñԼ˸ܼ򵥵ķΣҲ˾װ
ͭԼžװģһԼСţպЩ
һԼϵ⣬룺ʲôû͹ⳤˡ
״ĵʵС㣬ôˣ
ҡͷ˵һ£Թд԰ȥˡ

 25 


Դ󽫾Ȼ׽һֻ˵ĳѩá
ƿд԰ţ˼һյߣûüڣݴӢϤлһ˿ŮҶӢ۵ֳݡ
ţžҶмЦһ̫ƣһֻѩʲôġ
Ӣ˵˵Դ󽫾Ҳȥ׽һֻư
Ҳ׽һֻѩûұ֤ѩúˣҲĵĿ㣬Ӵ
ҶһתߣպߵſڵĽţҶŲͣһ£ƺڵŽŻ˵һЩʲô
ſɫãӢ˵ܣЩ̫ƽ⡣
һŵЦ⣬֪ʵһ˭ǼСˣ
ҶһۣӢڶŵĳѩãﻹһ߲ͣؿŵýҶû˵ͳд԰
ŽҶȥıӰЦһʵӢû˭ܰѽҶ
νԹ壬ɵܵܰ
ӢѾϲ֪ˣ
ţ
ųſڣӢ˷ȸԾسͣ֡
߽ҲȸԾȾ˵ʱǶЩ΢΢ʲôôģ
ѽҶˣ֮Ժˡ
Ӣָĳѩø㿴ѩҮ
ϸƣŷӻͨ͸ѩûһëһӲͬǣֻӵ۾ǳɫġ
һӣĴĸоǴ󽫾׽ģ
Ӣһ£ô֪
ųܿһֵۣͷһӣ˵ŽʱԴ󽫾ˡ
ӢһŽһ£žͿʼ˿ģʽ
ţҸ˵󽫾
һڲ裬üʵŶ
ѩãǷǳ׽أ
ʣж׽
Ӣһˮֽ˵ô˵ɣʴһȥܶΣһҲû׽һֻѩû
˵ˣѩóѩɽϣǾȫͰѩһɫֻҪŲѰǺѡҵõġ
Щ˵˵ѩɽϵĳѩɾأ
˵׽ĳѩãԴ󽫾׽סˣԴ󽫾ѵر𣿡
Ӣһ˵꣬ĵظһˮһ˵ɷϣȷʵЩ
ӢˮһŽţڴĻش
ӢһԼش𣬽ٴο˵һֻۣõ˵ͷţȷʵ
ӢһЦе˵Ҿ˵ֻһ˾ô󽫾ġ
ӢһͨޣֱſһۣܶЩ˼ˡ
Ա۲̲סִȤӢֻЦ˵ǣԴ󽫾
СʮŰҪȥּûϰԴ󽫾
ӢСһ壬һԽ۲һۣѵɲҴȤ
Ƚһһ˵۲һĶȻĬĬվһߡ
۲һýûЦˡ
ߣһӣŷһˣʵôղСӰ
һʣӢŷ֣ƽʱϲһֵģչڡ
ӢҲͬʵôû
ܿ۲һۣʾش
۲Σصڼأ
۲䣬Ӣͬˣôˣ
۲͹һӣҪԼȥƽƣ
Ű۲һۣ۲˵˵һ룬θڵˡ
תŽѯʵ磬ҿȥƽ򸮣ȥС𣿡
ͷʮᣬȻԣżǵôů¯
ŹӦţ֪ˡ

 26 


д԰ţ̧ͷգʱգЩۣĺ磬Щ̹ǵġ
Ž˽ϵѣתԼ÷԰
ٴ÷԰ʱ򣬽Ѿһ̽ů¯ϸһܽޡ硣
Ļ䣬ԭ䣬Ҳڡ
ԭӴů¯鷳һ뵽ԭ壬ǰů¯ˣϾǸȾ˷纮ĻԼ
һӺڽһƵĻε£ƽ򸮵ң̫£λεĳڽǰ
ϸһۣƽĸּ֣±ɼʱ֮ˣıʷ˵á
ûжʱ䣬ųſ߽ЦЦſŵ˵⣬˴ˡ
˲ǰ棬ĸںţҲ֪ƹ䣬ڽžȶ߷˵ʱڵ˹ס
Ժӣߵſڣ׼ȥĶԻͣ˽Ų
ڣƽվڴǰſڴϣѾûнʳĶӣʮֲܡ
һͷԼ۰ĺӣһͷԼˣվǱߣǲġ
ƽЩݵ˼֣˵ôһЩɡ
һϷŵʳٿһ۹ƽۣԣǵӦ
ƽ̾һʵͷǵӭŲɣ
ᶨǣɡ
ƽҡͷˡ
ԣΪƽ˿ڣ˲Źƽ˵񣬶Щϲá
û˼֣ƽ˶ǷԸ˵үʳǱ㶼ȥɣ
үʲôʱˣٸү׼š
ͬӦǣˡ
ʱʧȥһؿ˹ƽһۣ˵ĸףˡ
ƽ֪ԼӵƢԣҲ֪˭һһ϶ײġ
֪˵棬ƽ˱ҲֻһΪ֮ߡ
ƽ˾ע⵽վſڵĽţҲ֪վ˶ãҲ֪ĸ̸˶١
𣬽ŶŹƽƽˡ
ƽ֣ЦŽôˣ
ŻصԴ󽫾˵Сˣơ

ƽͻȻ̾һҲãĸϣܰæȰȰźá
Ȼ֪ƽҪæȰʲôǸղǵ̸˵ʲôҪӭ˭ŵģǺ͹йء
ŵͷӦ£ĵ˿ȥЪŰɣ
ƽ֣⺢ӣүѾûԶˣﲮĸȥúȰȰ
ûȽſڣ˵ƽ˾ߵַˣŹƽ˵ӰʧԺӣŲһȹڣһÿŽ˹ķ䡣
һ뺰С㡣
Ŷ˵׼һЩţ룬һҪԵġ
ǡ
Ķųǰϲüңˡ
ſڴϣֳֻ°ͣŰ˸ڴ£ʵСôˣ
Цһ׻˵˶
Ų⣬ ţ
ԸͯЩ渵
Ƭ̺󣬽˽˺ͼ첻Զԭˡ
ԭ԰ҹ󣬲֪ƽ֪ˣùҹ԰ҷ硣
ǣڶһ磬ƽ³صҾֱ˼ҷ
ƽʢŭ£ƽ뻤ŹҲûܹסԹӲʮ°ӡ
»꣬׹ʢڹƽʢŭ֮£Ȼ˵ҪȢʦĹţùƽһĨڣֱӷԸüҷź
ǹƽ˵ţûù𰤵ڶδֻǱƽڼ˼˵ǵˣ˵Ȣ¥ŮΪֺ׼ٴγš
ɹҲһƢģǾƽֳʳһ
꣬ŲЦˣʳΪһ˵ġ
Ц֮󣬽űһһ˵Ҿùƽ˵öԡ
Ȳ˵ʦģŲԣʦ԰˵Ǿ벻˹ƽۣ벻˹ƽ򸮵š
ǹƽСӣԺӦŹ塢֪Ĵҹ㣬һ¥Ůӡ
һؿʼǲԼˡ
ûȹ𿪿ڣż̶˵СӣԺĪҪ˵ֺȥǴġ
Ув죬Լȥ
˵巢֮ĸ˵ƽжܡ
ͷ˵öԣ𲻸ãĸ׵ġ
ЦһС𣿡
ͷ
ʣǷҪЩ
ԡ
𲻺˼ͷӺǺʱ˵ǵýһЦ
һЦߵ࣬ãĪҪЦҡ
ããáЦˡ
ת⺰ҪԶˣЩ˽
⣬һȥ֪ƽһĪҪٵˡ
ǡ
Ӧ˳ȥ
һӺ
ŶŲ裬;ؿŹԶ죬ԶʱȻ̻ʵģҲýˣϾҪ˻ԼҪǶ죬ԶʱһͶ̥һ
ȹ꣬ŲˣҲ˺üͲûˡ
ӵѾߣڹȻ˵Сӣʼ쵽ˣɱүˣȢʦĵ£Ժ뷨ӡ
ǰһзӣ
û̻شһģɵĴ𰸣Ҳû˵а취ͬҲû˵û취ֻ˵ȴڹ󣬶¿˵
վΪѾ˵˫ȣŹ𵭵һЦСӣһȥˣţةฮЩҩһԸ˸ЩӾǴˣϣСһةฮ갡
ЦЦӦá

 27 


صةฮѾٽУܺ۲Ѿ뿪ֻѩҲӢˡ
ԼҴ˵ԭֻѩãǵ׼͸ԼģŻһᣬһͱ֪ӢĥӲ֮󣬵ʮεľͰֻѩ͸Ӣ
ÿϧָкúãҶûأ
ƲƲ죬Ը̣֪ͲȥˣֵӾôˡ
Цһͷôϲֻѩã
ŵ˵ͷϲģ챧ſ϶ʮʡ
۲ת΢΢𣬡벻Լȥץһֻ
۾һٲ˼һ䡰Ȼ롱ѿڶ
ҪԼץһֻѩãǵжкͳɾ͸а
ڹ룬;˷ޱȡ
Ľһֺ޲Ͼȥѩɽĸо
˷Ȳӣ˴ȥѩɽĳŵ
ǵ꿪ˣԼϵԴ󽫾𡢳硢͵ȼһȥѩɽ
ЩģѾȲȥˡ
Ϊβǹձȥ
ʧЦ͵ѩɽﺮһˣѩɽҲֻðʱ
˵һѰˣѩɽᱻϥǹؽڵȵطʹ
˵꣬ǼϹһ£͸˵Сˡ
һ˵ǾϸߣӲˣʵΪεȿȥ
豭΢΢һڣȻƵĸ
ѻ˵꣬ŲŵͷʾԼˡ
ԭѩɽڽⲻԶһļļܶôȣѩɽϵĻѩڻѩɽҲɴ˶
ѩɽ϶ӣ̹ǣһܲ˵ģοԭһŵ״̬Ǿ͸Ӳ˵ˣҪȥ㽪ôҲǲӦЩȥġ
ȵʱůȥѩɽץѩãѩɽסһʱ䣬ҲǷǳġ
ҵȵ죬ѩɽҲһܺõıʤء
һɣֵǰǰ΢͸ָ쿴⣬˵˵ˣǵȿˣֳɲʳԡ
̧ͷһã磬٩Ӧ£ҺʳԹ
ŶͷƤһͷ˲ʺƨţֳûʳԹֳˡ
ҡҡͷЦֱ۵ףʵãҪҪҽ轣
Ҳţ轣Ȼˡ
һͦվĸ첲һЦһá

ӹƽ򸮻󣬽ûٳţֻÿڸͽѧ䡣
Ҷÿ춼Ӱܺ賽硢۲˵һģҲûٳֹ
һգʼ
΢䣬Ǳһһѵġ
˯죬һ滽һ񡣡
ܿ죬𣬱˽ߵǰŽŸһ񣬺˵ţʼףСµһ꣬Ѱɾ
ǿԽܣѰɾʲôɻˡ
΢΢һ飬־ƨһ£СѾͷⶼ˭ѧġ
һС㣬ôܴ˼ƨأ
ЦһҪ򣬱Ƕ㿪ˡ
ãȤô
˵
ſʼдһЩʼºòã
ȾһĨɫⶼѾʼ죬վԭذűһ仰
С㣬̫ˡ
ķӦЦűűڴϹȥЦòԼ
;ؿţֱЦֱŰѣױ̨ǰ¡
ŰǰһС˿ű˵һȥ밲˫ѾپͺãҲô̫ˡ
ӦõģС㡣
ܿ죬ڱ£Ѿױϡ
վתȦͭԼһģɫ篴ȹü˿ͦ촽ݣͷϱһֻҡҡϵζš
ͭžӰ˵һ䣺֡
˵꣬תվԱߵıԸˣȥѾŰɣ
õģС㡣
˳ȥ˫ֳ°ͣžԼĪľ
һᣬԽԽԭúÿˡ
ͻȻˣŮΪüݣȻ˵ûžԼúܶࡣ

ùţŴűסԺȥˡ
ߵǰԺʱ򣬾ͿܼԺһӣЩƣƲͷվı񣬡ܼҪʲô
ص׼˺ѾǷѹǮ
Ŷ
ֱŹܼڵλȥȽſǰѾ˳Ķ飬ѹǮģ˵һллүˣллܼҡ
վһԣŹܼҺ壬ʼԸ尲
վ񣬡ллСˣҲףС⣬尲á
Ƥգһ۾Цý֣ô壬ҲҪѹǮŶ
ݸһЦһЩģЦƽ
һ£ҪѹǮģǿŵȻһЦлл塣
ЦЦϣǷѹǮȥˡ
ŸҪ̧ߣʹҶʮǷ
ӴˣҪѹǮأ
תһۣҶҲѣɫޣĻҲǺܷӡ
ͷҲ߸𣬴Ű񷢹ڣϹЩƦƦЦݣһһǷӡ
ִļϣƵϳüţôƤˣʼҶ㣿
ű嶯ʼǲԵġ
ҶˣִԼ£ĬĬҲֻҺͽŶ죬򲻸ҵģȲ˵򲻴ӮҪҸŶ֣ʰˣԲϡ
һ˵ٶȺ⡣
ߣȥ밲
ҶĴһۣô磿
أͳ󣬲᲻صһļŵýҶһ
ҶؿڣвԹ磬ô·ûġ
͵һЦ·ûòˡ
ҶðɣȷʵǺܾûˡ
͵Цһ֣Ƥ֣ǵغֳѹǮ
һЦһıӣؿóһɰ˵͸׼ˡ
Ż˻ĸ첲һЦллֳ
ͻȻǰһֻ֣ɻ󲻽ؿŽҶʵ
ҶһЦ磬ҲҪѹǮ
һ£󹴴һЦߵǰһöҶһЦô޺ܣƽ
Ҷľ
˲ͲƽˣԴҲ̫ˣŵѹǮ׼˵ģģõġ
ûסЦˣԭĴ磬ôƤһ档
ҶɵɵסӣҲܵǰһöҶ̲סȤҶƽ
Ҷ޿κΡ

 28 


Цô
ԶԶһˬЦһŲɹýŵת
ͷһһȺ˳ǿࡢҡ²ǰͷλ˸󣬵ܡ賽ĸС󣬶ղ˵ǵࡣ
߽˳һͬԲ貮λˣá
á
ˬʵЦٴ𣬵Ľļ
ƽ߽ţ֣ԼҶһۡ͵͵˵һллʵأ
һ£ûȥ밲ղҲûʣҲ̫סԺڱĵط
״Źƽ˹һ˵عƽˣү鷿
ԣ˵ȥ鷿ѿʱС̸˵ذɡ
µ˵ͷЦ˵ҲãЩϹͷȥȺȲ衢ˡ
뿪ǰԺŵܵ˽˴㿪ʼԸˣȥһҶ
ǣү
Ӧ¡
Ҷ衱֣ɫˣһӴվЩʵ˵Ҷ裬κϸղߢ²裿
һЦ˹³֣ǡ
һ˿죬κ֮ǰûǹ֮ǰǸ˼ֱĺù١
ǣǹ֮κͱùŹޱȣ첻£һ˲պϣź˵ֱԵ˷ʳĵز
˽֪Ҷκһ֪ɽϷ֣ؼֲġ
ҶͨҶĹزͬҶӶһѩʼֱǰ죬ֻж̶̲£ŴҶǼΪ
һѩĹȣҶø̣ͨ決ĲҶͨˮݿ֮ζƢڸо͸Ӳ˵ˡ
һУҲֻŶѣϾûг
ʱҲĽȥκݷùκκƢ̫Ź֣ÿε˵⣬κֻ˼壬ʲôûж˵ŴȥݷõƷȥˡ
ԱŸֹһˣ˵ʱľ֮𣬻ţκҲδ衣
ʮֺ棬֪εõκϵѼҶġ
֪֣˵κϵģ
һЦ˵ҾǺκ̽һЩڲҶļ⣬˳˼һ塣
𲻽ʵͲҶʲôϵأ
ԱߵЦˣʾκϰ裬塣
ɹûʣأ
ľɣҡҡͷ˵˵ãǶ֢ҩκѵ֣赱Ȼǲڻˡ
Ҫû´ĻǾ壬ӦӮˡ
û˵ֻЦЦ
һ˵ඥŽЩԭղ
ǣκ֣ΪλҶأ
ܺͽһۣһЦһֱû˵賽翪ˡ
ҿ㲻ֹղӲ̫
۹
ԭһֱһ˵Ľţ賽⻰ֱӾЦˡ
ǵùؿһۣŸϽ֣͵Сӱң治ǹġ
ֻһûסѣû뵽賽ƽʱô˵ֻҪһڣ˵Ļֱ֤Ҫ
𣺡
ǼͻȻһ㣬̲ס£ζϲһ¶Ƣġ
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Ҳ豭һڣ֮ʵ󽫾ô˲Σ
˲ɫͨ͸㴼ɿڣǲмƷ
̡̡̡
ͬʱֻ½ĿţԱ߹Ų豭ˮ˳ģȻǱ̵ˡ
üͷһ壬ԶһЩ
ȻʧЦݸһ˵ѽôͯһ㣬ôż
ţҡҡͷЦĵ٩һ䣺Ҷɹϡ٣ҿǺòӮκһ壬κϲһСޣһڿֵǧ˷ѡ
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Ź𱻵٩ҺôЦǵùӲ˼ֱӾ͵ͷ˵ˡ
һӺ
ȵĲˣһɫ˵磬ʱˣǸȥ밲ˡ
ҲվŹԼ˵ʼҲһȥͷ
͵ͬʱ˵ͷ
һЦţǱһȥɣ

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ʼŸ밲
ܡͷ밲
һ鷿ͬʱ𣬳ɹڳ黭һ˵ȣŤͷſڿ˹
ֻСԼаݹæŽţѵ⼸ӣ⵽˾ͺãʲô
ϵļ˻ΣǵЦһɱٻˣһﶼˡ
ƤһЦɿϣתߵ峼Աߣ˰һ˫֣ǲʲôѽ
峼ȻʧЦ֪˵Щʲô
ֳʵˣ룬ҿʲôҪ£
ȻһЦһ£ϵĽʲô֪
һԣѵǲ׼ѹǮˣ
峼ͷǡ
˵֣ҲǵģҲҿһͰѹǮˡ
һԵʶʵΪʲôûУ
һʣһ㶣ȻԼһˣѹû׼
ļЦ㷽ŻЦ֣ô˸ܷѹǮء
ࣺ
ղԣϸϽԲʵ벻ҪѹǮ귢ѹǮΣ
űȤֱĿϣһ䡣
ŮţЩ̫˼˵ҹ죬ÿҪһˣ˭Ĳˣв˵Ĵ࣬ѹǮľԽࡣ
˵ֲ꣬ȻҲǿԵġ
˵꣬Ҷȿڣǿ϶ǽѹǮˡ
⻰һõ˵ܺ͹һϿɵĵͷϾ˽Ĳˣɶһɨյġ
ԼҺӼＸ͸Ƶģ˿϶ռƣΪ˲̫ѿ˱Ľ顣
ˣǻһЩģӮ˵ˣҲѹǮ
ҲûţһЩ
壬ˤӣӣ񶼿ɽбԣӮ߶ɻһѹǮ

 29 


˵꣬һʵƻơͶ˫½ĴͱȵȣǷ񶼽Կأ
Һ͵ͬʱͷһ˿ͣ˵ȻǽԿɡ
ҶһѾ͸˵ӣ˵ߣǴεͷˤӾ͸˵ˣѹǮǷǵԴ󽫾Ī
СĻƣܼ
Ͷ˫½ǳΪֵġ
ҶһʣעҾòѹǮ
˻һЦļ͵Ц˵ȫڲ밡
Ц˵öԣӮνҪڲ룬ʼȨͼֺǡ
Ҷ
˵һУӣϲЦտҹʱ¶ȥɣ
峼Ҳ˻֣˵ʱˣһͷˣ춼ȥɣ
ЦҪˡ
ˡ
˶ŽҶߣһ߻٩һҶûӮһѹǮ
Ҷһ˦֡
Žرãĸ첲ȻЦҶ
Ҷؿһۣ۲תû
ͻȻ뵽ʲôҪȤһ۳գգЩһЩ٣˵ǲûӢĲɡ
ûȽŰһ˵꣬־ͱҶһ˦ˣֻܻǵȥ
գǵģһӢ͸һ
ҡͷҪϽҶӢһԣǱȵ컹ѿ
Ҷɫõˣ͵߽ܵʵ֪øҶ˵ʲôôö˶˵ľܻˣ
̯֣Ҳû˵ʲôӢȻǾͿˡ
ᣬ֪ҶϲӢȴû벻ϲزֻ־ȥ
ü΢͵һЦҲѹˡ
˵ҲΪӢˣÿÿϲϲҶ
üͷɴ֣ЩӢеֵҲ֪ӢﲻãҶҪ
ԴÿԼ뷨£ǿģԼף𣿡
ŵͷǲֻӢҪǵȽҶǸŤףǹƵõȵȥ
ʵˣȥӮѹǮ
һĨЦţá

ʹ
ڵĽϣµľ𣬵¸ƽƮӻ࣬
ٹٶžף໥ķš
󹬵ŶĿһĵΧڻʺߣżԼߵĺӣȥϾһƣ˵һЩĴõĻ
£ӢžףЩĲɵĻζţҲ˵ĲҲζš
ÿ綼Ǹ裬ûһ˿⣬ֻ˾Ȼζ
ةһҶڣнԼԿҶӢҲúζ
ǽ磬ةࡢƽʹ󽫾ڼҹ꣬û˽Լ˵ҶӰӢ˱޾ɣöֶʼЩ
Ա̫Ӳ쳣ø첲һ£ʵôˣ𣿡
Ӣҡͷž׾һ̫ͣҲûֱ¶ǣӢϣСµ̫Ӹ磬Ȥȥةฮꡣ
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ӢƲƲ죬ʵ̫Ӹ磬Ҳ𣿡
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ӢίͰ͵ĿֻסСһСصǽҶΪʲôǲϲң
ĺϲֻҪͱȳɽҩⶼҪϲ֡
ǣΪʲôôϲңΪʲôÿÿңǿһأ
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Ӣƿҡҡλվָɫ죬Щ̬˵ûҲźûأ
䣬û̫ӷӦӢҡҡλεȥ
ϵĻϣԼ۰ĹʣԺĳԼɫһ̰ȶˣСˤһ¡
Ӣڻ϶ߣѾȫϣĸ첲ͣػţ˵ʣ翴źȤȥةฮꡣ
ʵǺ˶٣
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϶ְһЦȥةฮ꣬ȥ˰
Ӣɿĸ첲˫ֲĹĵ˵ʣ㻵̫ӸҲǶֻЦҡ
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Ӣ˽Ļµˡ
ҲЩΣЦһ¾˵ȥ˾ͻ˵ˡ
ͷԵĻʺС˼䣬ֻһЦת̫Ҳ˵˼仰ȻǣԼСǣŻʺ󣬲ٹپͳˡ
Ȼ̫Ӻٹپ̫ڴ𣬡ʺҪȥ̫ӹȫ֣ٹܿ
أٹٽ̫η͸һʺĸȥҪ£Ӣȥˡ

СͶһ
үͶһ
СͶһ
Դ󽫾Ͷ
ةฮϷеݱͶɼ
ʵСӺͽҶĳɼأ
صСӺͶүǶһͶĻᡣ
ĽҶļ򣬿佱ҶձֲȻܺͶһµĻᡣ
Ц˵ǲ˵ӮһѹǮ
Ҷһԣ񺰵СӺͶү׼
Ҷӣǩӣ׼ƾͰǩͶ˳ȥ
˱ڴĿУǩӿź߶䣬δͶ
潪Ҷϧ˵ϧˣͲһ㡣
ֻнŰĿ賽ϣֻҪ賽ͶôͶһѹǮ͹ˡ
ûôܡҶ賽˿ٻһͶᣬ˭˭Ӯ
賽糯ŵһЦǩ־Ͷ˳ȥ
ŵעǰֻǩںת˼Ȧ׼ȷ
Ҳ֪˵賽Ǹ˵㹻ãֻһȻͽˡ
ų賽ĴָЩ˵Сˡ
Ա߽Ҷ䲻˵ȻͶС
˽һۣ賽ǫֻЩ
𣬡ôϲСͶʤһѹǮ

 30 


ͷϸ߿գƴڽС
Ϊʡʱʡ£ΪԼЩԭģԼ̫֣һܱҶЦŹϵ˽飬塢䡢ЩͲˣѹǮֱӸӮˡ
һõһͬ⡣
ǣܡһѹǮ
ѯʵô˫½󽫾СӣүС˭أ
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˫½ֻǰֻС˵ûϸд̣ȫᣬǿһȦѧᣬһͷԾͿɡ
ܲϣ˫ֻأЦ˵ǳֵģȨ
Ҳѧϣ͵統ʱڴ˫½ƴһսף˶ʮ˵ġһѹǮԵҲʹ󽫾һȨ
һԹ۲תЦʮЩ˵ҵԣ˵ãӮһѹǮ
ڵܺͽͻȨý͵͵һ賽һۣʼֹ˫½ô
賽Цߵͤǰ£̧ҶԼҶԷ񣿡
Ҷһԣֱߵˡ
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ҶһҾͲˡ
˿ʼƴܷԼ󽫾дд裿
ܻһӣüЦþûлˣ⻰ν»
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Сӣˡ
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νĴ˫½ͺͶʮһ͵࣬˫ʮӣڰ׷˭ȰԷǱ߾Ӯ
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ŷһ£úÿ˾Ƕÿģˮ½ŶƮƮ
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һ£Ȼһۣд貢ǲɣûأЩˣǾͲˡ
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˸һЦձܵ佱Ǹúúһ£롣
Ц绨󽫾롣
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Ҷ˫ֻأһҲŵӣ˵ҶһѹǮӮˡ
˹ЦҲһѹǮӮ
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ü˵һۣ󽫾ôأ
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Ϊܻ˵Ӯ賽Ӯû뵽ȫ·ƣ˲ͰЦˡ
ųŽҶ˵ҶӮˣԺٶӢһ׼ÿÿѿ
ˣҲӦһ
üŽҶƵҶҶ𣿡
ġ
ҶҲû˵ˣΪŽŻӮûʲôµġ
Ӯˣ˵ֲ
Ҷ賽ļЦƤЦ˵Сӣɲܰ͵͵ýӮ
ԽҶв賽һݣЦҵӮ˵ˣǹӮ᲻ĵġ
ԣҲġ
ųƤգգۣҾͷˡ
賽ȴһĺ˶⡣
̧ͷһգЩۣŴߴٵˣ绹Ҫƺͱսҹأ쿪ʼɣ
ѾȲˣ뿴Ӯ֮󣬽ҶԱı顣
һڱĿ£ŰһŰֹλŻȸԾ賽ϹŵЦϹһҶĶ˵ЦݣֻнҶ˶ˡ
û뵽賽ûйõ£ӮˣžȻӮ賽硣

ͻȻ̾һ˵ҪӢھͺˣһܸˡ
⻰ҶɫѸٱ̿ɫػɽǹ̼ġ
ʱԶϵһɧ˷׷׻ͷɫһ䡣

 31 


û뵽ʮżδ˻㡣
Ҳ룬ةฮųţûж˻ˡ
ϵԶ˹һأ뺰μӻϣꡣ
ܡһۣɣǳϦ磬ϺͻʺôͻȻ
ɺɹɣʥƻǲġ
ȹӭϣꡣ
˷׷׶лֻ֮нŻڷ㶣ֱԱ߹һȹڣŲŻعѧǵͷˡ
ϴһڣɣ
лϡ
˽ţ󵨵شǰųӣ˶ʮ־нվһԡ
˾нʺ󵭵һЦǳϦҺͻӢ꣬ǲذǵϺͻʺǸȥȥ棬Ϊǵĳ֣нš
ǣŻʺ֣Ͽ˵ʺ˵ǣɲн񡣡
ԣ˶һۣȴǲҷɡ
һнӣӢɿŻʺ֣˵ĸǿȥةʹ󽫾ǰɣ
ҡͷȤ˵ôողżˣҪϸ
ӢҶǱ߿һۣɽҶպҲ˹ȥӢϷһĨСŮҵĽߣͨ죬ŻϽʣˣˡ
˵꣬ӢŽȥİ˽ŵıϡ
ʺ˵ˣϣȥةɣЩ󱲺úɣ
ϿһۣŻʺһЦãʺġ
һĻŲ̾ҲеۻʶѪģǰӣͺܰĻʺĺӡ
Ϻͻʺתӭӭ峼͵ˣ͹һƬ
μӻϣӭ٣ˡ
ϴһӣ޺ͻʺһʱʮһةฮꡣ
⻰ý峼ܳõľ
ٴǿղؾн񡣡
峼ֻûصǡ
ʺվһԣʯϵ˫½̣ЦʵŽʱ˵ڱ˫½Ͷ֣Ҳ֪ѹǮ˭Ӯ˰
ʺһʣ뿴˽ţŶףصػʺŮѹǮࡣ
ûٻʺ󿪿ڣԱӢ۾ų֮⣬Žŵ֣˵𣿡
۲תͷһۣ˵õѹǮԭ
ǣֳСӺʹ󽫾ӮõѹǮҡ
ӢȻһЦЩԺĳŻʺͻ˵Ҳ
ϺͻʺһۣЩҡͷЦЦ
Ӣʵ˫½ǶƴˣһƴʲôѽҲҪӮһѹǮ
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ӢһСأⶼҲóġ
һЦͻȻһƣ԰οƣһ飬ӮСһˡ
һԵܸ͵˵ĶԣСӿƵĸ֡
֪Լڴʲô⣬˽Ҷһۣϣʮţһ飬һѹǮԷĪˡ
ӢƤͷһ˵ҶЩĶˡ
˹ЦֻһԽҶһ
һᣬʺŻϿĸ첲ҡţϣþûжˣҲһһɣ
ϷºˣʺⰮ˼Ǹˡ
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ͬԴ˹ȥͿӣ˼سЦЦղźʹ󽫾д裬ķ̫ˣӶˡ
ϴЦһ˵ǱȥţŹƴƴ
˶ףʥּ

Ź󣬹ܼѾ׼ҪĲϡ
Ϊһ飬ѡ賽Ϊһ飬ѡ˹Ϊһ飬ϻʺȻȻΪһ飬ͬةͷһ飬һ飬൥һˣĬĬرΪ˲С
ʣ½šܡҶӢûӡ
ҶһۣѡܺԼһ飬ûڣ˲俴뷨ŵգգۣյָʾڵѡΪһ顣
ĵسĴָŽҶ˵ôҶӢԶΪһ顣
ԣҶɫãƵ˽һۣҪΪ֪ǹģ֪ϲӢһ𣬻ӲǰǴһ
ڽҶƵ񣬽ѡӣƤЦⲻЦ̯֣ø첲ⶥһ£ֻü˵Ұһų˷ˣӦʲô
׿˵ĶԼ˵Ϻͻʺ󶼻ڣҶôҵŻϺͻʺ棬Ӣѿأ
Ҷ˫ճȭҧгһɫȴǽָƽʱģ
ԶӢƵĲ˹ŽҶѯʵҶ˵ʲôĻƺã
Ҷһ׼ڣͿݺݵصʾú˵
ҶŬ죬һЦӢ˵ʲôĻƣǾʲôġ
ӢһᣬҶûĶԼ˵һʱ֮ȻЩӦ
ȵӦҶѾеĲϣ׵һԿʼ
ӢϲüңҲ˹ȥڵϣͽҶʲô
վڲԶţܵ𣿡
֪ʲôͷҲûлأֻǷʵ󽫾ò𣿡
ܿǰӢͽҶһ𣬽ҶٰһӢϵĵЦݣЦֱ۵ףرˡ
˿ɲŮòǰ䣬ĳһֱȥȻǼõġ
ϣ˭֪һ̻ᷢʲôأ
벻ã˵˾ģӢͽҶûнҲ̫źΪӢܺͽҶһŬ
ĿǰߵƲʣ˵ˣ󽫾Ҳȥưɣ
á
תһ˵ĸ㣬ʵһСһء
ԣ촽΢΢תȥòˡ
ʱһζ
δʱʱ֣̫ƫղһɫשϦ£Ⱦһ㱡ĺΡ
ˡ
˷ܵӢҲ
Ҳˡ
źӢһۣҲͬʱһ۶ԷĻƣûסͬʱ͡һЦ
ӢͽҶĻƣǿһƣʲôģĻƣˡ׾Ŀ
ԼܵҲòȥϾǵһƣּϵǰӵգһƣѾ˲ˡ
ֵοǣٺӢĻȣ͵ĻǿܿóǸ㻨ƣȻ˵òѹǮˣҲڵβ
ӢͽҶĻƣʵûסһ䣺ʲôư
Ӣһش𣺡Ӱ𣿡
š͡һЦЦ
Ӣ˵ĻȫȫûпƵģȻӡ
Ӣ˫ֲţ㲻׼Ц
һı˵ãЦҲЦʵڶԲûס
ӢһģƤɰߣ̫ˡ
ţǹģֻһʱûס

 32 


Ϧ£̫ߵĲܿҹƬƬĺգ¶ϸ߿գةฮһƬƻͨ
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ʺǲˣЦʵʺҪģ
ʺؿһۣЩõ󽫾ʱģţ
һվ˹ߣһЦǵûС
ǶԴ˼ֲ֣ʣ½šܵȼЩ֪Ǻá
һŵĻʺҪһ³һʼЩܳ
ҲˣʺѪȻҪž֮ĻϣһȺةࡢƽһЩ̿ˡ
֪Ǽ˼Ҳű˼֮Żʺ䳶һ£ȰʺҪȥȺţϸϸƷҲδɰ
⻰һšܵ˵һ˭֪һ˳ĻʺȴǷˡ
ֻʺһֱ־ŻϵĶ䣬ŭգ㵱ƭҽʱ򣬿ɲġ
꣬˵ֻҪʲôҵģŹȥʮ꣬ͱˡ
šܵȺ΢΢һͷˡ
ǻϵ䣬£Ҳֻлʺֱӵˡ
۳Ǿ͵ˣÿ˶ʮĬתƺĳ棬ǰ
ֻСǿŻʺﾾŻϵĶ䣬¶ľı顣
ةʮĵİԼŮ۾סˣһԽܺ͹˺ͨ͸ģȻıȥ
¶ΣЩֺõʺӣСǿЦˡ
ʺ²飬Цֺηǿ
ŲǻʺЭУУʺ˾ͳɡ
ǳǽгա
ûȻʺʣµıƴֻ˵꣬žƨ˵ŻʺĳգһȣһҪȣһȡ
ɴ˿ɼΪϣڷŭĻʺǰҲǺǿġ
ԭ֮ӣҲǾŵġ
⻰ſɲ˵һԣӢǰ˵˳
Ӣ͵Цԭʻڰ
»ʺ֣ӢͷһϹ˵ʲôôܼڡ
ӢͷŻϱĶ䣬ʵоڣǽʲô
Żʺ֣࣬ȫ飬ĸ󣬰ĸ󡣡
ԣʺһƶҲºЦ
Ҳ֪ʺǲǷ˵Ļ˵úǿġ
ʺһţϳʡϡ
Σááã޴ˡ
ʺһ飬Լ֣ȴķһ糺졣
ˣǺ͵һ˵ļ仰׵
գֱûۿˡ
Īľͱιһѹ
žԼٴȥҹҪԵۺĹιˡ
ĬĬһۣĬĬŲ׼ʳȥˡ
ҪȥưҹҹԣҹӢع֮ǰܺһŻأ
˺ͽһ뷨߿һһǱȥ׷׿ʼ
ʣһȺվԭأ㿴ңҿ㣬ǻ˵һ䣺ʺ׼չգ޶ˣæȥɣ
峼˲ɢԱȥˡ
ŷϵ廨ͰĻ㣬Һ͵ࡢ¶һۡ
·˵ԭձƴǸǳ⣬ºˣΪʺһʱ𣬵ǰѾò³Լסˡ

üң
žıˣָӵвˣϵʮĬһжеĺ˳
ˣͲûѳˡ
ſһۣһ飬鶼Ǵڼɹ״̬
㣬ô
ʺļ
ò˵ͷ
㣬㡣
ţѲͽлʺһһȥ
ûȽŴӻʺļ󷴲лع񣬶߾Ӣҵ
ҶŻˣô죿ô죿
ӢѬڵðϸߣҶЩ֪룬ҲǵһҲ֪ô
Ҷ졢ùǣֱӸסͺˡ
˲֪ģһͱǸˣŵʱˡ
ûȽҶӦվԱߵ賽磬ùǣֱӸȥ
Ż𣬽һˡ
˾ŵӢҶһˣ΢һӾͳˡ
أղˡ
Ҷƿˣȴֻϻʺ󣬻нŵ߿ţҪƿӢӲͣڰС
ŽҶһĪĸеο
һõĿˣǽҶһֱȥ뽪ҶӢٺһ㣬˵һ
ӢڽҶһֱ
죬Ҷ̧Ӣĺ󱳣׾İοûˣûˡ
һԻʺ״Ȥʮţ㻹׼ҶĻã
ʺһ˵ӢӽҶ˳ĬĬվ˻ʺߡ
Ѭڵֱˮϵױݣʺó˵ƯĹһֻСè
ӢҶǱ߿һۣŻʺغһ䣺ĸ󡭡
ʺЦЦȤѽСһֻẦߵСè
Ӣߵͨ죬ֱӰĻʺЦһСôɰȵԺ޵ʱǻ᲻õġ
Ӣܼ޸ةฮĹӣҲǼõģýʱ˳һˣСʱعȥ
ǣΪҵĹһЩɼЩ²ԼԸҲԸ
ʺĬĬ̾һҲֻĬĬ۰ĹҪȥ׵ˡ
̾ϢӢ̧ͷѯʵĸΪͻȻ̾
ʺͷЦҡҡͷȥƣŶʲôˣ
ţá
ӢЦܿ§ŻʺļСѯţʺ󷽲뵽ʲô
ϻϵߣʺٴ̾һ
ʣʺΪ̾
ʺûлشֻ˵ϣһ𣿡
ʺк£
ʺϸ˵һ仰ֻɫ˱䣬Ҳ֪ΪѣʺҲûǿֻǳЦЦ˵ϲΪѣǳΪѻˡ
Ҳ̾һ§ýһЩƺİο
ϴӦʺҪֻڻʼңӣЩ£Ҳܹ

 33 


¹ҫŴأҶɳɳ졣
ﴶ˽ź͵˼ˣ˲Űʳĸ׼ˡ
һȥ廨ⱻг˷飬Ͳ챻ҷʬˣҶӸǵء
Լҵǰŵʳģľã೤ûе֣ĺܲˡ
ңղŽӣÿմۣӸĶģЩġ
ЩģЩӵһ¹᲻ȫѶƤ¶ˡ
ʵҲûָЩʲôĲˣһǴСûˡ
һߣʺһ߻
ϣץ
ɫһ䣬Ž峼͵˵ȥʺץ
ǡ
⻬ץĶǣžͿԼҵʹ󽫾λүĸΧһ
㵲Ǳߡ
磬㵲ߡ
Ȼű󣬲Ǵ󽫾

͵һ鴤ץѣ
ĸ˺ϻʱʱִˡ
һᣬ룺ȥƽǵڳһϡ
Ϊҹֱ˵һá
Ų˵峼˼ȻĿɿڴĿɴŲ˵˼£鴤¾Ͳˡ
ŰѲ˵£ôĴָʳָŴһ˿ʺѪ˿
ŰѻϴɾһţŻʺ󺰵ʺˡ

ʺһθ˳ȥϼ״˵ʺ岻ʣȥǼúˡ
ǡ
ϺͻʺˣԼҵһۣ˵͹ҵˣϺͻʺˣҪ͸λҲЪȥ
ƺ͹ңڵ仰ˣ䣬˶˵һ䣺ˡ
Ȼתͳ˳·ӣžȻˣһڽ˵ӡ
峼ǲߣֱϿһĽŵļ˵ԼСĵ㡣
ƤһЦͷģѳ˵ġ
š
峼ûٶ˵ǣϾˣŮһ£ûǹٹġ
ȳǶˣſʼ乤ˡ
Ҷȥջ𡣡
СӣҰõĲ˷ŽС
Сӣ鷳ѳĲоʰһ¡
ʮţҴ֡
ʹ󽫾Щһ͸ϲ˰ɣ
䣬ָӣʼԼȥˡ
׻˵һ졣
أҶĻһ¾ĵ˵ͷ
ȵպ죬һȦƬȻͣȵ͹տۣƺõ㣬һըζ˲Ʈ˳
ըƣŰﵹ⣬һᣬˮٴεعȵУϴл򵥵ĺͻˡ
û˵ңų˵ٶȱÿ賽ѳʰĲʱ򣬽Ѿ˺üˡ
賽糹ʰɾ֮󣬽ѾڰŵܺԼҴϲˡ
һ˱˳ȥž˶ȥ
Ӣ˵ţҰɡ
Żӻ֣ãǶȥԴ󽫾¾УһðҶһӡ
ܿʼˣУǶȥɡ
˶ȥˣŶŵ˵鷳󽫾ϸ񡣡
á
ŰѹϴɾˮͰѹǸˡ
ȻͿʼմӵˣŪõϣˮҲѾտˣ򿪹ǣһ棬ǿܳΪӵĽӡ
뵽ղŰʱһͯһĨ۵ӣûסЦˡ
̧ͷͿ͵ЦЩ棬ʵã뵽ʲôˣΪЦ㣿
һ٣ѽȫУŻû뵽ǾþӸλͯһ棬Щˡ
Ÿܿɹ𣿡
𲿷ָĽӣһЦ󽫾˵ǡ
˵ּ꣬һ䣺ϣԺҡ硢ҶСӡʹ󽫾Ǿʱϴɱһҳϵĳ֮ġ
վʳָĲȥϵۣƽдһ˿ᶨ˵ġ
һɲǼ䣬ֹҲ΢΢̡
Ҳ֪Ϊ̫ܿ籡ϣΪǾ䡮ġ
ƺ޸ˣҲһֲѡ
ԺͻȻð뷨˲䷢̣ö룬Ŷ֪Լ϶͸ˡ
ʶغһ
Ķͷ˵գƺʶʲôҲɫƮָŹ︡Ľ˵Ӷˡ
תȥõӣװ󽫾ȰЩ˳ȥʣµһ˹ȥ
á
ȵ̳ܶţ˫ס
ܲǿĽһ㣬Լôͺأ
̫ûϢˣҲ֪ܻô롣
ˣôأ
һڣͷѳ򵥵ʰʰˣϵѣȷԼûʲô쳣ŶʣµĽȥ

ϺͻʺӢұŽ峼ϡ
Ŷ̳֣Ӣ֣ţԱ߰ɡ
ſһۣӢԱߵλǿյģҶһԣмһλá
ŰѽӷҶƨһţ˵ӢԱȥ
ҶһȴֲŲ塣
ŹһЦŶ
ʺ￴һĻ¶һ˿Ц
˵ÿ˵һףǾͿʼҹ

Ӣվף̩񰲣ףĸٰ
Ըɫ껪ʢ˻
ԸҰٻţ׼顣
ף°նܣ˺踣ؼϲ󡣡
ڴһһ˵꣬ʺȼ˲˷ŽŴ˵ʱˣҸϽɡ
ǡ
һڣڿ캥ʱʱ򣬽̫̾ˣڳҹˡ

ӢͽһŻƣԻϾʹŻʺȻعˡ
ԺƱȼҲʼŻơ
Űͷ貵ĻƣվԱߵӢʮţղʲôԸ
ϣҿŷ½Ҷ
Ӣͨ΢紵ý΢΢һ
ͷӢһۣ촩һۺɫĹװöׯʱվһԵӣܷݣô߹š
ƽʱϵЦݣȴǲˣ˿ֻ̣ӢϿ˳ݺͲġ
ԭж໰ͬ˵Ҫɵֻһ䣺ΪΣ

 34 


ΪΣ
Ժ󿴵ҶȢŮʱԼһĻʹ
ִԼԺʱɾϲ˺ܾõĽҶǸʱԼѹҪ
ֻڳʱ򣬸ʸ˵ذϹٵʱɴǰ١
Ȼ˵ûаѻ˵̫ףҲɵ
ذ˵٣п׵ģΨһһλճĹذ׵ģôӦøˡ
ԣ͸ȥҶˣֻΪԼߵʱĲôۡ
Ļƣйһ£վŵˣӢĬ˺ܾá
ڽΪӢһֱĬʱ򣬶ȴЩ
Ӣ˵ţЩӣذϹҪʺˡ
ҲмĿܣذ׵ġ
˲ˡ
ӢղΪλԸˡ
ذΪ׶ôΪΨһĵճһӲԶ޵ˡ
ܵıˣŰ§˻Ц˵ʮţȱôѹ˵ǸӾֻٵأ
Ӣҡҡͷŵһأ
ֵųĬˡ
̫ӾС˵Ȼ˵ڻʼңݸ߹󣬻ľ⡣
￴ڻʼҵˣȴĽ˿ȸûһɿԡ
ӢǿĽŵĺ󱳣ԴĲ˵û£ذ֮ǰҪµÿһ죬ĵġ
΢΢ۿЩʪ̲סһ±ӡ
Ӣƿۿ죬Ѿ˳ְᣬһĨ˿˾ҪЦϷʵţҶûأôͿˡ
ԼѹҪȴҪװɵԼýźѹˡ
ź
Ӣôůһ˰
үһԶ޵İɣ
һĵģ԰ɣ
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Ӣ˳ĻҲǣĽô׾͵أֻǷ̫Ƥ۾ѡ
ٴαסڶϸӦңӣ˳Լ߰ɣ
ŲźûнŬӵй
ӢرŲԶһֱվŵˣ֣صĵ˵ͷãҴӦ㡣
ãӢؿδе棬˵ţлл㡣
лл㣬ΪҺͽҶһĬĬŬ
Ҳлл㣬ҷһ֣Ц
Ժ·ȥߣҴӦ㣬һ˳ԼߣԼѹҲǵǵġ
֫װ˵ʲô֮òлл֡
ԺҲ׼˵֡
ӢЦᣬһ߶һ˵ãʱ磬Ҹûعˡ
ýҶع
⻰ҪǷǰһˬĴӦġ
ǣѾ¶ˣһľͲ׵ıҶָҡˡ
ӢЦžܾˣԼԡ
üһ˻ȥҿɲġ
Ӣ˵õԴ󽫾ңܻİɣ
˹պ⻰Ļһ䣺Դ󽫾Ѿˡ
ӢһۣԺͻûܵӰ˵Ҳһع
ٴκѣ˵ʱŹƽ˻ȥˡ
ӢƲƲ죬ȷ賽϶Ҳȥˡ
Ȼ룬ٴ˵СҲȥˡ
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ȴû뵽һǷɣˣýҶ͹عɡ
˵תͳԼԺӵķˡ
Ӣ
Ա߽͵Ц룺ֳôôɰ
ŽҶһҲһǷҶ㸺͹ع
ˣýҶعҪȥЪˡ
û˻ػžˡ
Ӣ
Ҷ
ټԺֻʣԼͽҶӢֿʼ
ֻҪһҶľͲܿˣֻŤͷװ˱𴦡
֪ҹ仯Ҷ쳣ûж
ãҶˡ
˵¶أعɣ
ӢͷӦһ䣺á
ӰʧԺͷŲһߣͬһ͵ˣʧЦ
վֱӣװ½ǣ͵ЦʵСЦʲô
Цˣû뵽һ֥Ĵ磬Ҳڰ͵
緽Ų˵˵𣿡
һ˿ɣٿˣˣȥЪˡ
˵꣬ûȽŷӦͿ첽ˡ
ЩֻȥıӰŲûסʹЦҪ°ҹŵˣһЦֹ
Ϊʵǧѵһôɰ

ϦҹֱԪǰһ죬Ӣûةฮֹ¶ĲҶһ
ױ̨ǰŰһֻӣ̾һˣܸоȱ˵ʲô
վľŷ٣ЦձԪˣСԼһ仨ƻᰡ
ȥߵһսʱɸ֪ͨʮһ
˵꣬ܣں溰С㣬ٻûء
ԣųڽ峼ǰʱ򣬲ⱻ峼ССѵһ
ŲŲܽ峼ѵ⣬ץӾͿʼҡ鷳սʱ򣬰Ҹ˵һ˵Լһ仨ƻᡣ
֪峼һģûӦŰȾˡ
峼վԭأЩҡͷֻ̾һ䣺⺢ӡ
ڶա
žˣڱź»ѣױ֮󣬾Ŷûԣһƽȥˡ
ŵʱ򣬹Ÿ
վڴǰͯ£Žų֣Щ죬кҪ𣿡
ŹһЦԪСκǲ֪СͲ
ûȹ𿪿ڣԱµͯǿˡ
˵ˣӷ纮պãղٳȥ硣
ŹأգգۣŶǾͿϧˡ
ʣкοϧ
ſͯһۣʾЩ̫˵ӡ
ǿˣֱӾͯ˳ȥ
˵ˡ
üκȱ㣬С˵ǲǣ
һԾӣѲ˵ʦĲɣ
˵ʦ
ŵͷӿɽҲСһͨ
ǿЩŰɡ
ĳЩУϾǴ֮󣬹ûټʦġ
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޷Ǳа취
㣬ĪľҪŶӣװЩίģΪСܹˣҳ̫δţЩء
˵꣬Ӻϵ˵˲û˵ѡ
ЦЦ˴š
һӺڳԱ£װ˺Ѿߵģ͵͵һӹƽ򸮵ĺ˳ȥ

 35 


ϣ˫ֳŴƽĺ淺һɫˮ
΢˫ۣ˫ſ΢˿˿⣬¶Цݡ
ڣʦΪδ˿ĥ໥˵˼֮顣
á
˲ûҪ˼Ҳ˼ߡ
ֻĵ֣Ĵˮ棬ֱ淺һ̲ĴĸоŲջ֡
ѽѾӷŽˮˣģˮ̫º֣ʹ뷨
ֹ֪˶ãڽſҪ˯ʱ򣬹ڴӴ˳
ŹЩĶ⣬ŵ͵һЦ֮ʵСӣʵ⣬ҪȢʦĹﲻɣ
Ŀᶨɡ
˫ֻأ֪ǲͬ㲻ɣ
һ޼ʵĺ棬ЦˣЦÿ
Ӽᶨڶֶ
á
ò˵ʦְٷְٵΣЩĽˡ
ϣԺԼҲԼɾ
ϧ˶ûС
ҡҡͷԳЦЦЩ£Щˡ
ŵϣʦĹܲСӵϣ
ƶһĨЦġ
Щķ޻ڴͷʱ򣬸Էɡ
ԣʦĻ᲻ͬһᶨһŶԷǵʹ˲֪
Źת˴ڡ
ڣʦĽһϮ£ɸһֻ֣Ҫһ۾ͻҪٵĸо
ųЦЦֻ½ΣϹЦ⡣
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ͷһǣǽڰɡ
á
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򵥵һá֣ùᱧžͽ˴ڡ

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 36 


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Ļƣſ޵󽫾۹ͦ⻨ϸĻҲǱһ񡣡
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ɽŲ֪һЦֻ˵ۣܵǻνġ

 37 


Ԫڲ֪һĹȥûĺ磬ûķѩһOO@@ĴУȻˡ
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һ˵һëղǸӿӢȻһֲõԤС

 38 


Ӣ˻ʹźͽصةฮ󣬽űֱȥ˽ҶסԺӡ
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 39 


ڵ֪Ԩ˺֮º󣬽šӢ͵˸£ĲɵԨתһ硣
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ԨžƱţĿ俴Ŵŵˣʵù˶ŵģ⽪ҶǺҲ
һЦҵ˫ӵܵܡ
ԨŶһնʱЩΡ
Ų֪˵ЩʲôֻðĿ⿴Աߵĵܡ
촽ţſС
ڵˮ
һˮֱ̫ʱˡ
ţСһһ룬ܿ죬ϰĲˡ
һ˵ı棬ȫƯźͮͮͻ˫۷⣬쳣˷ܡ
ԱߵԨͲ̫ˣһͮͮģ˾ͿʼľѾ΢΢
ǹֿٻָһ˫ûùľͿʼĳĸԨвˡ
ӣöһġ
бҲǳģ㳢
ţţҲǷǳģڸҲһġ
һҪϸϸƷۣ֤֭ζ˵ذϣ㻹Ÿ¥
ѳСɽĲˣԨֻ֪֣õһƣš
ȴ룬źľƱʮ˵ҾӻǶЩ˰ɡ
ԨЦЦӲͷƤһţŽս£ֱǻʶҪ¡
ŶžƱǹһ˿˵ӣʳв˷Ŷ
ԣԨֻǼѵǿţȥ
һԣǹһĨɲЦ⣬ǰıӵݵԨǰӣȱˮڡ
ڵܣԨûһææͺˡ
Ȼž˾ҵĿ
ȡȡȿȡ
Ԩȵͨ죬ű˵һۣԸ̣ˣȻֱҪݡ
ԨǺ˫ͨ죬ģǱ
ŵܾʵ󽫾ôǾƣ
УһţǷŽϸϸ׽ţƬ̣һ˵ǶԲסˣǱſӱЩУ˴ˡ
䣬һԽŲˡ
һӣֱƽʱ̫ˡ
Ԩ

һٷǱЩˣԨҸھˡ
õܰæѺ˵Ӣةฮ
뵽ԨǺʱǱӣŴȤԴ󽫾û뵽㻹ͦڵ𣿡
һ£ʣţΪڣ
ֵסˣܽ͸أ
˰죬ѡͼתƻ⡣
ʣ󽫾ղæ𣿡
ٵڼҪڹÿѲ飬ȷһʧ
һ˵ŴϺ˯ӢЩǣذǱߣ
ܸһ񣬡ģҲӢһذദġ
ԣſһۣϣǴһ͵Ĺ⣬ļᶨĪЩİ
ܺദһҲǼõġ
ͷͻȻð뷨ýЩֱӵˣֻõͷĬ
ʱˣҸˡ
죬ֻڶƺһЩ繲ᡣ
̧ͷһ˫峺ֲĿʼ̡
ͻһ¿ͷҪĶͷգ紺Цã뵽ʲôɫͻȻ죿
ȵĺ籡ϣŶҶһ£ֻǻǿ࣬˿̸ĻԾøĿ졣
ˣˡ
㿿Щֵס
סҪš
ĬĬԼ
һ̧ͷǼ˵°ͣɲǼ䣬˱ȸղŻҪǿҵ
Ҳ֪ǵܵ
һ˲䣬ʶҪ룬ȴ§סˡ
˵ã㡣
ϣ籡ŵȵĺö繵飬ĶС
˵ã㡣

һ⧲ýź޷
ǣڲ֪ӦˣԣɴͶĻˡ
ǣܲᣬֱɿ
ϵܵߣźͷ˭֪ܾȻŰͷӲֶߡ
ţ
װһ貣ǣ֣ã㣬Ըһ𣿡
ִгأű󽫾Ҳ֪ǵĻ£ɲԼ
ܰӣĿ棬ᶨֻҪԸ⣬ұȥּ
ԥ
ŵܰվһԣĵĴʱԼ뷨
ͷϸ˵á
Ҳ֪ǲ̫Сˣǵܹװûʵã㷽˵ʲô
Ȼ̧ͷߣȻһЦ˵Դ󽫾Ҳ㡣
ܼһ£̲סЦˡ
ܹ˹ıǼ⣬ӵ뻳УЦʲô
ŰͷЦ棬ʵģȴĬ

 40 


ɷӴ
ǰߣŷ̵ӣոתϷʵЦ
ʶתͿһϮɫſϣôģϹϷʵЦ
һ˿ȻһЦʵֳʲôʱģ
˼ЦԣЦʹ󽫾ݺ󲻾á
ǵܶ˵ʲôʲôȫ˶
ϷһΣ䣬ֳ㶼ˣ
ͷһ£ЦŷʣСþأ
źһԲԡ
Լ֪ʡ
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˵꣬ȴ̾һ
Ų⣬ʵֳΪͻȻ̾
ȻǼõģһ󽫾ةฮŮЩ֪ģ𣿡
ûаѻ˵ף֪Ĵһָ֪ΪΡ
͸Ҷ϶ڵϣӰ߲һƬۣȻ֪˵ǣȻӦ˵ܣ͸ŵܣһС
Ͻǵ񣬽Ц⣬ƶ˵ֳ
˱á
ƶԼ̫ˡ
ԴͻȻȻתˡ
ֱӰʧſڣŲŻع
һתֱһǰŵýӲ
ؿڣɫΪˣʮţˡ

ӢЦûûΣ٩ͨˣɷ˰
Ŵ壬ʣҲˣ
Ӣʵʵĵͷ
ֹˣˡ
һ˿ӵⶼʲô°
ͻȻܸˣֳӢײˡ

뾲
ͻȻֱӢǣţϷʵڶ𣬡ã㡣
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ͻȻӢڵϣ˫ֱϥǣͷ˫֮䣬ʹ϶𣺡ǽҶҲңǾͺˡ
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ء
Ӣӣ˿ǲ֪ȥοӢ
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ӢӦš
ǰҪαװЦЦޱޡϣǿЦݣѹᡣ
ӢǶ˶һЦݣվԼ䣬Ҹûعˡ
㡣
ĸ첲ǹһĨЦ
Ӣ죬ԭ˵ˣǿϵЦ⣬˻ȥ
Ӣ߰ͷ­ǰǰŽ˵ãҡ
ЦЦع˹ıӣжų磬߰ɣҵĹ¡
ӢЦų˸ĸҲֻһԸԼ֣Լˡ
ԺԶޣȥһȫİĵط
һܻһӣġ
뵽ЩӢֿʼЩѹȴɹŵһĨЦȴǽסĸ첲
ܸܵʲôû˵ֻĬĬӢ˹

պ
ӭӵٵҲӭĶ͡
ٵٹͬ졣
СһƬ侰󣬻ʹַǷ
ϣϣӡٹ١·صʹߣ½Σ·мƽƮӻ࣬
һ˶Ĵ;ۻᣬȱ˵ֻ
һ˸Ӻ٣ƹѲ󣬾дˣڻӹʹ֮Ůϡֻ顣
ǣһ˵ȺƺƵӴתƵУ
УϣԶʺһԣһվڲԶӰЦ˵ƴһҪкõĲͷ˵ǲǣ
ӿЦȻ
˻ϵŵʺЦݶˣŽҶҶӮñҪʲôͷ
ҶһվڽԱߵӢػصӮˣϣΪҴͻ顣
ԣӢȻ̧ͷˡ
ҶҪĲͷȻ븸ʸͻ顣
ȢļҵŮӣ
һɲǣӢֵͷҶȢļҵŮӶ޹ء
ǣĻѹҪһ
Ҳ֪ҪȢļҵŮӡ
ǣ֪֪
ֻϻ𣬡ͻ飬ȢļҵŮӣ
Ȣ
Ҷ⻰һӢﷺһ
˵Ȣ
ǻ
öڴ
˽ҶĻҲǱˡ
ѲɣСôģͻȻͿˣ
һ˿΢Цʣкüλ֪λ
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䣬Ӣϲ
Ҷ˵Ȣ
ȢˣȻԼ
ԼŮӣҡҡͷŵӮˣ޼ɸͻ顣
ҶӦǣزһ⡣
һӢץŽŵĸ첲˷ܸزסͲûˡ
ģŶеοˣӢصƿˡ
һ㶼Цüͷһ˵˷ܹ˷ܣ㲻Ҫôץҵĸ첲챻㳶ˡ
˵ˣǽҶӮˣϲŻͻ飬ô᲻еΪʱ磿
ӢŲĴȤ
ܽҶ᲻ӮһƬģѾ˻ӦѾҪˡ
ǹ𣬿һվڲԶذӡ
룺ӢǿˣԨɫͲôˡ
ֻԨԼҵܵһۣȻǰ΢׵ϣӮˣǷҲϴͻ飿
ʱֻͷۣںòףȵҶСӿˣذʲô֡
óϵΪѣӢվ˳ӮˣӢԸͬӻذϡ
ҶŵؿӢӢһЦ촽Ķ˶
һӮģԲԣ
Ҷˣһᶨ촽ҲĶ˶
ҶĻӦӢڽŵĸ첲ϣҸЦˡ
ӢͽҶеĻԨ
죬ԨɫǹһĨζЦ
ɣŸպûͷͿԨǹЦͻȻһ˿õԤС
ߵҶߣһϵʱҪСģԨʹʲôС
ܿ죬ϿʼԨͽҶ˰нϾмײ

 41 


ãһҪȼϱȷ׷ĺܽӵ÷ֻ֡
˵Ŀ׷ųϵӰתҲűȷϰµġ
ӢޱȽţűקŵĸ첲Щʹˡ
ɲǼ䣬ֻԨһţνýˮϽˡ
ͬʱһ㳹ȼˡһͭ౻죬
ȷ2423Ҷһ֮ϧܡ
һ̾Ϣ
ϧ
ǰһ֮
û뵽ذϾ
һ֮ӴС
УźӢɫôãҲֻһԲ
Ϸӣɫ˲²Щʲô
ʺһΧ߷׷׽
ֻӢߵҶԣ¶һĵЦˮ˵𣬽Ӯġ
Ҷǿ¶һЦá
ԨڵķһۣɣԨҲպÿ˹ǹһɲЦ⡣
ڽҶԨֱơ
ղˣôڱصãҲһڵĵġ
Ԩһڱصõ񣬽ҶתӢԴֳЦЦһ͵Ķ
ӢһУȫԨһЦЩüյ飬ͻȻˡ
ʼǰĽҶļû֮ǰʱĴ⣬ֻ˵ȫԸ
Ҷͷ
ĬĬվһߣʵƴǲôĽҶԨһġ
һ飬ÿᡣ
Ͼ͵ܶǺݽɫ
Ϊ˲ӢԶޣǻƴȫҶӮʤġ
ˡһͭٴ졣
֣Ҷ˫أڿתһȦ΢΢һɣ֧ɿź֧ڰϣаġ
ۣҶ
ӢʱȸԾ
Ա߽ҡҡͷ
ѾͷôԽԽ֪һ㣬ôأ
ʱԱˣӢ϶Ҫֱ˽Ҷˡ
ӢȸԾӣԨЦЦĵؿ佱ӣ
лӿ佱
ҶһƣԨһЦŹͦΣ΢΢ţ΢΢һ֧һ˳ȥͽҶһҲаġ
ԨҲ˰ģӢĵƲƲǣЦЦ˹ıӡ
Űϵļ֧Ҷ䲻˵ӵļҲ
ԨһЦл佱
ԨϲϵЦ⣬ҶĬĬվһԹۿԼֳذʹߵıƴ
ܿ죬ƴˡ
ذʹ߾ǽ͵ܵ˵Ķ֣ԨǶһ·硣
ֻʣҶԨʣһ֧
ǣҶɹаģ־Ӯ
ǲСʧˣô͸Ԩ׷Ļᡣ
ҶչĿǰϸ΢΢һֶ֧
˷׷׵һ
Ҷȥļ֧Ѱˡ
ˡ
ذӷǡ
ٴ𣬽Ҷĵͷ
ӢҶӰŶͷϵĺǿջЦ𣬾һˣԶġ
ԨһۣӢƤգգֻۣҪаģѰС
ǾӮ
Ӣ˵Ļһֲ©ȫԨˡ
ԨЦһôӮôذ
ȻˣôԸ
𹭼Ԩֶۣ֧Է֧ȶڰϣûаġ
ҮҶӮˡ
Ӯˡ
ż֧ûаģӢرŽҶ
һºˣӢǲԶˡ
ԼСȸԾӣʺͻ϶һۣͬʱ¶οЦݡ
ǵСԼҸ
οοЩǻҪעģʺٿѵӢעǡ
Ӣɿ˽ҶƤسŻʺͷ
ʺҡͷЦǳ硣
һԣذʹ߲ţаģӮʤģ²ףΪλˣ
ԨԶһۣʱӢ۵ؿվǰˣƺΧһжѾ벻ۡ
ԨһЦ˵ֻҲ뿴ΪĽ˿ȸ
ʹҡҡͷˡ޶ۣ»ǲס
ͷƫͣԨ΢΢һҵˣҲɢһˡ
ҲʹǷףԨתһֺƺƵĻ˴
ҹĻȻ٣ϸƽｻյ
ŶžյԨԱ£һơ
ڴʮţлӵĳȫˡ
Ԩžյ΢΢һʵС㣬⻰⣿
Ц
˿û֪ˣذϲӢġ
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ҪлǣذӲǸƫִˡ
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ҪȻԨһ֧ʱļһ֧ûκβصӰ£аȫκġ
ǰŮ˦˦ȥˮ䣬һ˵ˣڴףѰˡ
ҡžյԨһЦѾյеľһ
֮һЦЦ
ҲףС㣬ճɾ

գʹ߷׷뿪ǣԨҲ⡣
ſڣӢŽҶŵܣһˣ˻ֱ߽ԨȭЦлλҡ
˵·;ңԶףһ·˳硣
л󽫾
Ԩǧ겻ЦһЦ̽Ե˵Ҫȥ¥
˭ϣûѻ˵꣬ԨƺʲôЦ˲̣ϸǶ˿ܣһ̾͵
лСĺ⣬ʱˣǸˡ
ÿӣԨǻ˻֣Ȼ˵ҲȽŵٿڣʹ߼뿪ˡ
Զȥ̲סЦ
ʵΪذһ¥ܵ죿
Цĺϲ£죬ø첲ⶥ˶ܣʾ˵
ɤӣ渵ذϤ飬δһ𣬵ŵʱذȥ˸¥
Ȼأ
һѾЦֱˣ΢΢𣬡ذӲ̫ܳʹ˸һˡ
Ųֻ˵ңҪ˵Ŷԡ
ذУԴ󽫾һҾƸ˵ˮԨҲûһˣǺᶼˡ
˵ǲǸ
ͷҾƣȷʵǹġ
ӢһͷˮΪЩҶ֪
ֵһĶͷΪĳˣûȵϲˣͰԼˡ
Ӣ壬ֱӰͷ˽Ҷʱǵ˹Ц

 42 


һ껩ţϲЦտǧΣڵ˿
ӿڴ̨ϣһֳֻ°ͣһֻ֣ܴĵĸо
ģġ
ʱһζǼٵһˡ
ȥһ£ҲǷ㲻ϴµ顣
һ԰ĻʦͻȾ񼲣ζ
һϢĽʦĵ겻ѡ
ڶǣƽʱһٵĽŮӣ˹ƽ͹ƽ˵ķԣִŮΪҡ
һӢÿͽҶһ𣬹ҲԸԳÿƷżȥ棬ûةฮʱˡ
Һİ
̲ס̾һ
ͻȻ뵽ܣǺҲкüûˡ
Ҳ֪ڸʲôڹѲ飬Щʲô顣
Ųת̴ֻſڽŸɫĲϣƲƲǣתͷŴ⡣
Ժðµ֦ѾƷֵĻҲŵƣε棬ΣȥһƬľ
̷£ߵ࣬ż˵СǾ÷ζ羲һŮ졣
ҡͷ
Ůʱ䣬˯ʵڣ˵һ˯ѣˡ
һЦ˵ǰЩӣūŵԴ󽫾ĺɰƺЩˡ

űЩɶԲǰ£طǰĲϣѯվһԵˣϲʲôɫĺɰ
ߣҾֻҪǴСĺɰ󣬲ܺɫԴ󽫾ᰮֵġ
һۣƤӻ˵
ЦѴõߵݸС㣬˵˵ĶԻǲԣ
ԶԶԣ˵Ķԡ
ѡһźɫĲϣʼճȤ͸¹ܹŰ˵졣
ɫһ죬С㰡
ղŵĻôˣ˵Ĳ𣿡
񣺡
ڷ˱𣬽˵Ҷˣȥ˵
õģС㡣
Ӧȥ
ſŲϣʼĥںɰʲôȽϺá
һϷˮԧ죬־ú̫ɿһЩһһЩϻͷԼǰӵŮ켼Щ̫ΪԼˡ
˼ȥһЩҶҶ±㡣
ܿ죬žͿʼһһߴִȥһӺ󣬴ܿĳһ򵥵״
ŷߣһһᣬһЩģԭأʼĵڶδ塣

ҹɫ٣ֱӷеĿŴӴ̧ͷŷɫһĴ֪꣬ʲôʱѾͣˡ
Ȼͺʮһһʱ䲻֪͹ȥˡ
ĲĺɰŰպãЩĲӺֱۣȻ˱Ͻš
ܿ죬żѾ룬Ʒܿ档
Ź⿴ͺǷḻйԲͷˡиӵõ¶ըＹѼ͹֡
ˣѾǶˣڣľһըＹŽϸϸƷζ׽š
ζУʲӲըǸոպʣ˲͵õ˼㣬̲סּ˼顣
һԱʢһС࣬СѵС㣬ϲ˳̫ʳ
ŵͷ
Ҳ֪ϳ̫ⲻãըＹʵ̫óˣûסּһ顣
һ¶ǣ׼ټһ飬״˵С㲻ȰϿܵġ
䣬ŵýŰȥľ˻㬵ضű
״һһ߰æһ͵Ц
ùź󣬽űȥʳˡ
ߵǰղĽ
ĸ첲һЦʵ磬𣿡
˹ıǼ⣬һЦصʳˡ
Ƥͷٰʵһ𣬻Ǻһѽ
̲סСԴѽѽЩʲôأ
ʵʵ˵ǴƯĴɩѽ
ӵȴҲֻһٴԴʵʱˣȥϴˣˣԼ𡢲ͺͳǼˣһȥѩɽסСգɺã
أȻһЦ˵ãǴϢ
š
תԼԺȥԭ˷ܵתȦȦڵȵҪԼȥѩɽֱҪ̫ˡ

ڶһ硣
Ÿţĵģѵôةฮˡ
ҲѵýҶûгţӢҲڡ
ΧһϷŸֵġ
崿аʦ֮ǰֵģвͬųѯʣɻӦ
вӦ
ҡͷЦǰЩĸоͱĥҪ˰СͦõģûʲôӦˡ
ŹһЦ˹һۣȤʵɻŷֵ
ڡ
ٵһЦִ˹ϣǾ֡
ֻҪİ֮һʲôڡ
ס֣ǹһĨҸЦ
գϹˡ
ſŵ۾˵ǰ
ǵЦٰ࣬ȤǵԴ󽫾ÿգĹŹǳһأ
ӢŸ㣬帽͵ ǣǡ
ţ
ôܣôš
һԣӢĹĵӣմ˵мҶӣĵİӢŸмֳԴ
žãѺϽĿϹˡ
Ҷ仯Ҳ̫ˣûϵʱ򣬼ֱֱŰ֮󣬲Ķܰ˸

ͻȻ̾һ
ʵôˣ
ӣü۴ЦôŰ˳Դ󽫾ˡ
˲䣬ϷһΣؿһۣҲ֪˭ѧˣֻ֪Ȥ
ЩߣٿڹЦ컨׹
ţ
󽫾ոˣͿԺúˡ
ƲƲ죬תصĻ⣬ȥԼԱǴȤࡣ
żһնϸϸ׽ڶĸˣֳ˵һȥѩɽǿпգ
Ӣ²Ⱦ֣Ҫȥ
Ӣ²ģҶ֮ͷ
ٶһۣĬ˵Ȼÿա
ǶȥϲüңֿʼһС¡
Сӣǵ֪ͨ۴һҪҪһͬȥ
˵ֲ꣬һ䣺ֳ˵ҪȥСסգǴҪǵôһЩϴ
Ҽˡ
ĵʱǹúܿ죬һξ͵ʱ
ةฮǰ׼ȥˣӢҲ׼عˡ
ųǻ֣˵һ磬ſڼ
ţռ
˹ˣŻţȻ˯һ

 43 



ùź󣬹ʹ͵ةฮˡ
ˣҲùţ͵ˣȻһȥſں͵Ӣϡ
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ŵ٩۴ӣ׼ѼҶᵽѩɽȥ
۲ţûȷͱ˵ǿЦ۴Ҫңһܹţ
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۲ؿһۣ˵ɵ˰ɣ֪Ȥҡ
˵꣬۲ҲʵԴ󽫾ʮôû
׼˵һˣʹӢ
ˡ
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Աߵĵܣһɫѣ˫ִ࣬ϹŵЦ⡣
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⻰һ˫۾ˢˢĶŽ
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һ˫ɶԵĴ̼ҲˣģȻ
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ʱ
ͣȣӢ󣬽˹˹ıܷ
ǰװһƬѩɽԼԼϥܸܵһЩ֣Щؿ۲һۣЩԹ˵ǵˣ챻Ҫˡ
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Ӣ˵ʮţȴšٺȥ
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һ
һˮտ˵źţڴͬʱźӢѾòˣҲѶѾ˽
ӢմϵĻҳͬģӢҲմĻҳ˶һۣ໥ЦСè
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ࡢࡣ
֪˭Ķӷ˿˲ź֪Ѿ˸ŵʱˡ
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۲ǹ𣬵˵Ȼ
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۲Ҳǫ飬Ȼǲףûп׵ˡ
ˣ
ţ
ֳ֪͵Դ󽫾йжƤܽ仰˵ڵġ

 44 


ѩɽ˼죬Ӣÿ²ŽҶȥҳѩãÿһĽʧ飬ȻڶŽҶƶٴȥѰҡ
ڼ䣬ٲӢΪһҪҵѩã
Ӣװһ⣬ҲӣֻǺٺһЦ
ڻ첻ˣ׼ȥǰһ죬Ӣʮ˵ĳѩãڽҶ͵ܼ˵İ£ǵóԸ
ӢųѩãûԺӣͳɤ˷ܵغţ͸㡣
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ţѽ
ӢԶ˻ϲȸԾ룺Ӣ˳ץĳѩá
˶ȣ׼ȴϣһֱſűߵѩһš
Ҳ֪Ӣ֪ԼѴ֮Ӯ˳ѩõʲôķӦ
ǣӢûץѩãǰֻ͸ͽҶ»
ŹһЦѩһűסЦ˳ȥ
ӢһһĿŹʵЦôģץѩˣ
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ԣӢҶɪɪ
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ôôˡ
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ֻǣûõΣٹ£Ҫʵˡ

 45 


²ݳݺɣÿ˵ĸͻ¶Ѿ䶨ԣÿ˶ʼһյ
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ôһ˲䣬룺һ湫ӣôһ󣬾ͱˡ
⵽ǵµɥԵأ

 46 


ʱ׾ԣһξ͵ѮڵĿڴĻ졣
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ʼ磬ǰԺԺЩԶǰԺޱȣԺȴ
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ͷ
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ţȥɣ
תӣߵ԰ϲŽ뽪ҶһЩԺ
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 47 



Ҳ֪̫˷ˣʲôԭ򣬽ˡ
ӣͬӢ͵ŵӡ
ǰ죬Ǿˣܵӭ׶ҪƻʱԣɽҶˣӢ͵ţٸϻةฮ
ŴϣŲЩӷһУ̾ʱǲؾˡ
ţɫѾճ
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С㣬𣿡
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ӹݹĲ˲ſھͳһӰ
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ӢŲӽţױ̨ǰ£תЦ˵Ҷʹͷѽ
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ƿӣϲģùϵϵãһͷ˿ڼͷ
ųױ̨߽һ˫˫ùӢһͷٲķ˿ͷߣѯʵҪʲôķ٣
ӢһЦֻҪģҶϲ
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ЦЦСѾͷĻȫ֣ʾٰꡣ
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һС࣬žѾĥŸθϿڣһȥԼˣϾĲɢ¡
ùź󣬽ȥǰԺ
ԺѾˣҪӢ͵׼Ļ
ʹةฮ΢еԶԻһ׼ãҶӢˡ
ڼӵĵŽҲˡ
ȻǼŻţΪȥȻţȻϽϻةฮæ
Ƕˣϵĸ첲ǸѾͷִҪȥԼңи֮롣
׼ˡ
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㶼ʲô֮룬׼ˣ
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һϯůۿĺˣͷϼϣ˵лл
ͷ˵ɵӣ˵ʲôллΪĸΪԼĺӣⶼӦõġ
ŰͷĻ̧ͷϣ¿̲סޡ
Ƭ̣һĨЦЦҲϸ֡
˵ȥСһᣬȥƻʲôҪ׼ġ
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ӦתԼ÷԰

ʱչӢ͵ĸ˾ǰŽš
ᣬϡӢ͵ڽŵ÷԰峼ͽҶǰԺæµš
ԺŵƽʣԼּĴϲ֡
ѾææŶ˶ױ̨ǰϸͷӢ͵һԡ
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Ƭ̣ŲԶӰſڣ󻹸һλ΢곤Źװ֡
С㣬ˣͷˡ
΢΢Ӣ񣬡ū澼ˡ
ӢšһӦˡ
ͷǹˣæַҲ΢΢˸ʱ磬鷳Ӗˡ
ӖЦ˵˰СףԢⷢūڰС»鷢١
á
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׷ü
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г
沺˳
ḣټҵء
Ἢܡ
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Űζ
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ƻȻԼԼǰԺĵ
СŽµӭ׶
Ϻ죬Ѵͷ
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Цÿŵ˵ɹˣҪǮӴ
ӢƤ𣺡ҲҪģȻӿûôŶ
ͲʣԺһϲۣǰϵһ컨ͣЦǳߵͯʹһ
ͯһµĺɰ
õɰӢ͵һЦʵܽȥ𣿡
Ӣ͵ҡͷӢЦ˵Ӹ󽫾һЩССĿ顣
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ܹһЦɣ
ϲԵʳǡ
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˵꣬ͱȣ쳹ͬýϲüҡ
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Ͼܶˣںȥ¾Ҫʱˡ
ţӢŵܱȻһһƣ˵󽫾һ顣
Ц˵ɡ
ҵӵĻЬͿԴˡ
䣬üЩɵʵʮţСãǲѻЬȹ˰ɣ
Ӣ͵ҡͷǲܡ
ԼҴʹһ˵Ұɣʱ쵽Ŷ
Ǻεȴˣ˳ŵߵλþ˹ȥױ̨ҵһ˫廨Ь
ܻ廨Ьʣڣܽҵ𣿡
Ȼ
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һ°ڣȻŽСɵĽţЬ
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ѵýϲӣҶԸ⻽һˡ

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Χת˼Ȧȵͣ˵ԼҴſڡ
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һˣŲӣƿͷһǣĵشһС
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мԲϣ˷ḻʳһȼŵĵĴһƺһԾµľյмСɵľƱ͵һȺҪõġ
һװӱϣӦǷź桢Բӵȸɹƨ.Щۡ
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