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 1 

ƽּԺӣֽǽϲ󣬾׺챻沢ױ̨ǽߣһȦ첼͵ȼʱһּҴŮֳһͳȥ
ֵǮΪ˰Ҽ޳ȥѪˡֳĸ߿ƣ߶䣬ܵΧŰʿˮ۰Ͱ͵زᡣ
ĸͷһݺݵֳ֣ʲôתһЩҪңĶΪ˼ϴҡҾ㣬ŵҪ֪С߶֣СƤ
ȴô죿
ĸһߣɣǣͣ˭ù㰡˶٣ŵҿ⺢Ǹʵ̵ģǶֵˡһ˵һһȶ֣ܣܼҸȰǧ֣ҪǱô졣
ּǷԲʮΨһӵⶼеĸּҴŮֳСɻ䣬˭˲пһ䡮ּԺżҪˡĸЦû˵ָڼŮʮʽ
ֳʮСָɱһҹȻȫ̡߱˭ԼҶȢôһҲѰĸʶʱհĸ׽ֳĸζⰡеİܵûӰĿ׼ʱĸһⶼĬĬͳȥĸʼˣֳýǶѹһʮ껹ûʱĸͷˡ
תϸ£ѸΪּˡ
С飬һֺûдŶҲ׬ԹҶԣ޹ȥ͵ÿũǸجΡȾϵڡ
ĸѸһļϣֳ࿴һۺ󣬻ٶסס
ҲָΪʾŮӣǵôϵġ
ϣʱ쵽˰ɣȻû𣿡ĸֳ÷٣Ϻͷ򷢶ӣСΧȥſڿû
СͷҲصȥɽˣ˵ҪŪߵͷ˵컹ûȥˣͷӦÿˡ¶ͣϧѣҳϦദ꣬᲻ˡΪҼҴ㣬ίˡ
磬еæСӳװС㣬ָϣϲԣһ뿪ҿܾͳԲˡ
ŶŶС
û¶ҽų̿죬ԺҸȥСϹС壬Բ룬Сһȣʱ׼⡣
СЦƹ㣬ϸϡ
⺢ˡĸ
ƽسװߵͷǶߵף;⡣ļɹ׽ߣ춼Ϊ͵¼Ҳᱻ˸߿֡
ֳüϲߣǰߣڵܾò꣬ͷֱë
ɽ࣬ϡ٣ÿ곿ɫŨԶԶ񵹿۵̸סɽ֮˶СЦ΢
ſŹ죬вԣҲʮ㡣ĸСͬʱһ
׽߻б¡Ů˵˵źۿ޹ȥǱ˼ҵˣƢöŵ㡣Ϲ򣬶͡źŻϲҪ˶ӣλþˡʵ㣬ÿǿǶӡҪҶ֣ܻؼš
ĸϻһղסǧ
ֳټû죬ǰһĸģϱᱻݵġ
ֳźͷñȹǿ޵ѷ֣˺ô󾢶һŲϽӣ˼ʱôϲϣðͷˡ
һԲӻֳ˼ɨߡ
Ⱦƽ·ͷơ򣬹صط·鱾ֳ֡ͷǵɬûüֳĶĥһɶ
Ƚ·ѹֳϣ׼λãˮ
ֳ۵֨ҽУҽþòû´潥˸о
ʱһȥоĥ
ܡ
ǲе̫ˡ
ȣͣһ£ֳܣ˫ֵסţ˸ºõ͡ͷĪëëģ֪ôأͻȻߵƤ
ͷĪߣûӴߡ
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İҹڵͲʶֳ׿ȵ۾ī
е㲻ۡ
ȡѽһ·ͻȻ뵽ͣˡ
ӹסˣ۾ӣϢɡ

2

ûһ˺ƽȣֳӳŲһߡ
޾⡣
ǰռЦȴ·ô˼գȫһˡǽӲղһһ
̫
ۼƤӲסԴȴغܡ
˯ɣ˯ɣջҪ𾴲裡˵һʲôص±ϻңֱֳӵɡ
ʾʧܣڶ컹ûֳȦմĹأ¼ھǰҪɨòաؼҰ֡
ֳŴ·һƺһģһûʲô
ͻȻʱѸȹŲ裬һɱĳͶɵ󳤵ھǰذ¶ˡϱġ
Īͷӹܲס˰ɡ
ȣȣָ߶̽ȱϢָʱ͵۾
ţ
ֳһָڱ¹˸ȥҴǣ̫ƽˣ˽磬Сʱ磬˯ܲ˵̽û
˯ĶҪסϣϣס
ֳﾭƣɬԴκȻ˫Ƴס룬֣ɨڵңҰѳֲס
Ķӣſڵɨ㡣
ȹֱЦɤͳʣĺӰоΣ˹˷˵а
ľͷ˿󶼱ûˡʱգľ϶ܿһ϶ðľˡ
ѵֳաҪѳסÿ֪ͨ죬Ѹǰȥ
ȵȡ
ֳ̧˫ɻ
ƫҲ˵ȥ˫ַȵʱһƬȡ
ôûܱµˡ
ֳڼҸɻֽ䣬ûһʰȥˮˮĹι˺ԺʮֻాϹǽܲʣƬⶡһ𳴺·
ĸŮһ⣬ױзŽԺշ䡣ֳȡ⣬ŷֿշ䱻Ѹߴ粿λШǽϡ
ȥ˴һ䶯һ¡
ֳûüȡ³ȱͻȻͷ˻ȥ
ˮȶ˽ȥϴ˳ԷҳʺˡѸӳѲӳΪһ۲ѣлζУж˷ˡʣµܲһ㡣ʵƺת־ͭ壬ʲôңǴִŵҸˡ
ٵҹĿ࿴ֳĸͭ壬˫ҡ׽߷˲ܲױһ⣬֪ĶˣҪҡ
ң˼רżױĸͭѸãƵĲϹһŵԿ׻µģƿţϲܳԵ̫壬岻áȡһͲˡЩȻˮϴ
ǴҼױΪˣ
˵ʲôǶˣ֪ؾǰռϱױĳ¶ѸԿ½ռˣûƹңױ׳©ȰһʱգѧôױĽ㡣
ֳ¶ãѸṵ̂ױɡ;ôһӣյĲ˭Ҳ൱Ǹġ
˵ôͻȻԭҼױաֳ棬ֵһΣݶͳȵģֳ޹ءҽѻױ֣ߵĶ֡Ҷ鲻࣬Ҳ֪ȡΪ͵͵˵ˡ
Ѹְףȫһ̣ⲻʶôĶ㣬ţþ㡣
ֳ򿪴ţȥǰȥҺžܴѸۺϱױܾΪСһȣȽµؿ졣
ʶôˣǷˡѸһڻֱһ仰졣Կ׽ٲһޡ
ֳԺ˿ͷ°ľͷѣûţԿʲôľͷչáӸͰɡ
ѸСШزһָ߾Ťһ㱻קǽ档һأߣǽʧ
Ѹֳԣǰ̫ƽװǽһϱ
ֳϲ뷹Ȱӡ
ðЦ
ѸܻŻǰ١
ֹΪֳ
˵ΪʲôֳЩȡ
ޣһֶδ֪ġΪķո֪

3

ȣʲôģ緹ֳһ䡣׼ȥ򼸶㹽һЩⷭ衣˳Դ⣬ֻ㹽
ġȿһӰæʰ
ֱֳֻ֣ʲôģ˵ڶҪʲôڶ
⡣
Ǿ㹽ڶɣ㹽ļڡáָʮ˴ĺˣҲûĸЩ¶
緹ȡ˼ƪʫ岢õļȥѧʱ׬Ǯ
Ѹûױһܲ˵ǣں챻ϡֳȡ⣬ӱͽʪ㡣
ֳ鲼һһʪһˮױƳʰﭹٰȡʱհڷ룬䣬˽رصԸ䡣
ʹѸʹļ óҹǼ䶫ԸҲǸСӡȫԭֳĶ
¶ͷѸֳĶĶ̹ߦƤҪϣѸһسķҰŭ塣
ʲôôܸȳֶ
Ұڶ衰ѡһ˦ڰϣѸ¶Ҳǳصģץһѽĩȥ裬Ұڶӣҵø˸Ӷȡ
Ѹŵζֱġ˵ֳ֪緹ܲѸʿˮ
θ˽Ĳմһ⡣ֵǣȻ¶Ѹ첱Ӵ֣ȲܳҰһھ᲻СʱһβȥӲô
Ѹܻۿ죬鲻٣ֳ֪ڸʲôҪ
Բȷʵ֪ұ֤´ΡǰӵľһʱѹֱֳðСʵֻ½Ľܲ𣬡㣬ȾǴǴºȵë𣿡
һɺԣȳôûë׼ҶӡѸ˦һ仰Ŷֳȥ˭֡ҲǰȢ֪ͼһź򾻴ȡҲڼҶң͵ҵģѭҹءҡ
ֳɫأѸΪ֪ˣʱóһڶ泩ɫƫҪ꣬жʲûӰһѪջһɢǽϣǻϱ
ױȫҺðڡѸֿ㣬ֳΪױԼ𣬴ˣҵġ˼ױΪѰ⸽Ķϱ
ȥĸʫֻ
Ѹ޴㣬¡¡֡תͷֻʣֳȹǡ
¡ƽʢ֣ް׶еĶ˶Գڴˡϰ˵λ״Ԫɣ;һֽ¡֣ѸΪʫ廭ҫѡ
ûʲô飬رηˡֳ¡֣òѯںδ
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Ƣһ飬Ķҷ¶
òŻƸһȵң˳㣬ȿϧˣ㿴ΣҡȲڴѣЦֳֹ̽ûȹߣֳֳȲ֨ҽУ˿ͷƤˮӡ
Ŀ¶ԣˣ㾹Ȼң
ѽ߹ķҵĴڴ˵ǸֳʰƬɾӵͷΨԴɪɪͷȻˡӣǵĹǷ˰ɣ´ξͶ׼Ƕ
ܴܺ˴衢ȫˣŭЦ˳ƺ˫۴ⲿӣ˺üҲãˡȰҤӵģϷˣҪ׹ˡ
зˣҶ䣬Īȣмͬ¡Ƕ˵ʥأƳ磬һ֪˳ɻܷŽ¡ֲ¡޾ְɡ
ܺһЦ۾гмһ㣬˯}ûš
һΪ֪Ҹ߹˼ҵӣǱӵĴӲǸܺչȸͷë¡ȷʵǶˣڵžڶࡣ˽¡֣Ÿø
˵һ飡ֳʱ׼֡

 4 

¡ֲⱨ꣬˽½ӻ¶¡ֳǰ¶ˡȵ²λ˲м֮ͬ
СֳҳȥЦ̽һһСж°ʣϰ̫٣ҪǮۣܹ˵ģȫ¡¼˫۾֤ǰʮǩн¡ֶϾתͷȥƽβǼҡִɫרҤдʫ廭˵׬Ĳ٣¥ǽһ֡С˴ʲôʱܹǮȥһ˶ء
ִɫȥ껨һ䣬ֹɫˣһգɱڣʫ鹵ֲӡ˵˲ˮģһ÷ݵʸûС
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ȰԼ¶ӵĻû˵ֲ๡
ֳ䳰ȷλ߹󣬶ʧͬӶֱܵ顣
ȥִɫˣûаɣûҽʲôչʾ㻰ȳ˶ֹࣿõظƵģ˺αίǵ޻У֪˼ɹĲɱǸһأΪʲôõĿ룬ƫ۶ѡĸǨƫСͷûﻹǾԼӻ˲ã
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¶˲뱻ʮĶ˾žߴһأֳתȥִɫҶ鲻࣬ȴҲ֪нࡣԳʥ͵ӣͬ඼ƴ۽磬ɱ¶˶ˣ
¡ڳ˸ҡΪ׼뿪һЩſȴ޿ɱ磬Ըúֱ䣬һѾŽһִɫ
СŸ׷ԶԶе
¶
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ֽн˿÷ѩ÷ӡ֡̽¡ֶõĸ㡣һ¾͵һ¿ˮֳһͷ
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ˣ⻰Ͳˡ¡ϲ¶ˣκ˹š
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СѲƤЦҾˡ
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ڣڰӦǽʫɣȥ֪ͨȣˡ
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׷֮ͣȴΪֻΪչ¶ЦաǶΪɻ޸ȣ֪ȶˡٳס
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ˣɺ֮װףֻʦͽ֮ꡣЩǲ̫¶ȥ֯˵˵ȶҵĹˡƷã׾Ͳ黨ǲݣɷġ
Ȼη˭ءֳͲùٶ˵һЩйȵ¶ɻǼٵģֻǻ˫ģʲô⣬վǲ
Ƕģðɽ׽ߡ֯ЦЦסֳ֣ɽи˵㡣ǰаһɱŵѹɱسͣа硣ɽ࣬԰ΪǳͰ߳ߵľһ粻ֲᣬΪɽ˵ô
ӣôˡ⣬סֳ֡
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˰ɣߣؼҡֳ¼ռպó¯ĸ˵㰮ԣһֻȥסֳ뿪ݱ֯裬֯裬л㡣
ȴסֳͷȦڻ
ֳȸʫԻϾһ
¥¥ת¶һ磬֬ɫ׺ѪɫŴĬĬᡣ

 5 

ֳû˵һʱʵӡ
ȳԷ극˵
Ƥ綼ߦˣ°ֳһžͰռѸѸʿˮڿӰ
һ룬˶ųԡ
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ȶӱ֭ڿǻݼ㣬еҲһëһʻ˫ɲ¡ǷΪȣɽҰλҰռȵǡ
ֳˡԭΪ¼¶ɱڣ֤ʱҪȵƤ̫ƽȺУ״ﵽĳĿģĿǰͷųźǾˮˮ
ֳһ·ڿиܴƤӵ¶һ̽ӣˣȡͰƴ󡢳Ұеְҵ°
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᳤ԽԽȡ
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ֳԼ޿:ûȥ㣬Ϊʲôס
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飬ɡ˵Ƿһ顣ǰѸͷҲðɽһòôʵ塣
뿪¡ֺʫ廭һҹ֮ܣ֮½ˡִɫ˼ͨ͸ȾɳеĹ⣬ڰЦΨһľദоͶ˼ͨ͸ڵмӡɱ˼Ľ֮ѹֲסӿ壬ҪȢɡ
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û뵽ɽ
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һ֪֣ʲô䱸һҪֱֳ̽ϳЦŷֻﱧűˣˮ¶ֳĳϣ˫رѡȻֺͳһǾͲһˡ
˵Щéɽʿ־ħҪȥһԡ
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ȵĴȡֳҪһǺҡЦЦüۼһЦܸɾһķɡ
ɰֳţƻˣֳȱ¶ЦŲ˵ֳЭ㲻޹ˣԸΪȡҲ׷
˵ɽžʿ֮һһ޵аʬ𼣡ҶλʦֵƴǣȵƤҴϲŵԱ
ֳƲƲ죬ջ˵ҪҲǣаҲǸ
ܹ֣޵ʿа쾭壬ʲôʱùۡ
ʱ侲Ĭ
ۣôһμˡɽˣֳѷµĲΡΡ½ôɽ޵һֱȣҡ
ʱҲҲҲ֮Ҳɽžʿɥаү֣֮һ⣬ȫ䡣Ƥͨ޵򣬲߱޵񣬶΢΢죬øòˡҴȵƤңҾȡֳӡ

 6 

»ҹǱ̣ôƽ䲻ԸҪġ
ֳˡ
˾ˮˮڷӲϣ¶һ䡣
ϣȸֳ޲Ϻס
飬Ǻ͡ȣͻһĺʲôأѩ֧˸ůıѣؼѣ˭˭ģ
û֪ǽװʲôΣǻѡȰɣ¶⡣
ֳѯʣҪôܽЩ


ô˵Ļ
û׼ˡ
ǡǸ˼ô
ǻý飬мأһʱҲΪӣϣ飬쾭塣˫ֵҾȵ滹ʥ࣬ӣͷ
ȡţھҪ
ֳתעɿΣּ˵¶·ڴＸӳ緹һͻȻԼ˼̫
⿪¶Ƭѩ׼ƿԼжˣҪΪϧң
һ㶣̧ӣء
аɫ޻һֳ·һμɣˣ鲻ܲ
Ҳ뾡⡢ͻǰɣһǶܴƽĶۣŪ¶Ҳǲֻʵʱûи̫ò١ֳûұԹǣƤ㡣
⡭ץԥֳ䣬⿪ָɢ䣬Щƹˤ¶ҪôңӣȻѾӣϣܸΡ
һ⣬ˡֳΡΡС̫̫һźȣú޲ϺסӸ֫ٺлعɣֶ˼֡
һʱȱʧֲй飬ֻһֱֳжϹ̡û뵽ֳ嵽һûգǾôһֱȥ
۾ǵڶһ硣
ȷʵһΣһ졣ȥڱǰ;ˡֳȣûʲôķӣȻһҲУܻһοɾͰ˴æˡ
̹
ô˵ֳһ֫ŲǰĿơ
ɶͳ޲ϸ졣ʧƸɡˣۣͬۡһġ
ԣֳʶ˿һЩβΡ˲ˣܷĶ񶾲̵¶޵֮ˡ΢е֪˶Ӧʹǡ
УԶԶƶķӡ޵֮Ⱦɱ¾ͲãдиΥѵʦƽ䣬ɣԲɡ޶ҡ
ֳչ˫һһһӣȻȲûԸһƷ
͸֧۾һһͷɽˣҲ֪ô˵ģѸеضĸȰȺȡ˫۷Źһֱճơ
ƽŵĹأѸҪ꿪ʱ򣬵Ϳʼ׼񡣵ؽ洢ĸʽϹģƽ᲻óȫóָĸܸһ˫Ь飬ǷɫһӡԺʴкˮܲ
׼˸ӣصذ˲ֳֽ֪
컹ûֳƤƲߡǸһ򣬳̲һ̡˹Ŀ밵ԵúأϵϳӰʱʱ
һû˯ǸѲá˻ƴž⣬ϯӰԼɸ룬ѣǵ𣿡
ػ૵аүɽžʿͬھƽطˮѸģΪֻڡ
ػӣȼ̵ˮһ䣬ʹƴȼհ׹⣬Աǵ΢ơɫһѹ£̽
̴׹ⴹ£ڻơɫӸȼʧ伣һƬƹΡ
ɫһơ
вõҪҿһȻȥ
ްۣ⣬һţʱ䣬ˡʰþ̼ĸ
Ʒ춼ʰĲˣţϷŵĿյǣţҵֳȵķֳɣִɫɹҸҪ棬ɻر߼ɹϣһ
ƽطԲʮֳֻӹˮǸǳɳأˮɳأغɻʢҲƽһ¡ֵĶûʫԡ
ջţصʱ䡣

 7 

ĸһͷæҪŮǰͳȫʵ·ԽŮԽܵ÷ءȥڵֳͱ¨ɲ񣬲¨صһȴ㡣
Сֳһͷ˵Ӳϲ½ôǺáҪô˵Ȱס򡣿ĽĽûûֳŹǶԸ֡
첻֪ڴͳس޳˯ţͲͷһƶһƶΪҪӢͺʱ˸ӣ˯ϴ޺һþǾǣΪȢ˴ɡҲˣһֿһ
ϣߵظɸɾĸɨɨԺӡ֦ɨڵϻϸơºڣһŶڲ԰򣬸ͼ¹£ɨһ¾Ӳһᣬ޵һһģֱͦļ˰ء
ŶԷ׻ȥ˸ߵĲӰסӰ
ôһ飬ˡܱ¨ոֵ֦õõءˡˡ죬Ŀ⡣˰ڳЦؼҪЦǹúܺãͷĸǵļҡЦ
磬Цرȿ޻ѿܺ顣
һӿܽŵǿҡѧЦؾͺܺÿһǷĵġ
ܴ¨õ֦ɬ֭ˮӴϸһƳһʾһָӸǣҧס֦ٲšĨˡԣȡ¿ӣЦˡ
ţߵڣһֳܵȥܵǰһڣչۿ§סˣЦӲ˰ס
ǣ沿
㣡ĸСĸһ첲ȶֳ岿λҼܱ¨Ȳò
ؼˡܴЬӣѡرϸ޻ƵءˣɫģȸƯʮ
ֳĵȻߣȸţں档
һ·ϣʶĴ׷״к
ϣֳ
ֳܵˡ
ַＸֲܡⲻȻãֻײǽѪҼǼСӡ
Ϣñ˿죬ϳɽĸС̴ݶֱֱֳſھϤĹײͷ̲סһᡣ˲죬˹ŹغüȦ
㣬ôˣܴС˼񣬸СֲԾץֳ䡣
ֳ̬ϱ˭Цزãζû£ﳴˣҶˮˡ
ĸСһˮأŵŵȥܻŸֳˮϴֶݿӡΪ滹˸򣬰۷ָæ
ָƽʱͺúһֻǾƹټĸܵϣƽﶼǷɱӲűڡֳҹĸ೤˯ָһշת࣬ϳͷԺ÷µŮ졣ӵŸŮһȡ
ûûҲмܲסȳ棬ָһʲôʲô̳Ӿǣ溬ָ⼫ˡ
ĸųСľ̾ѣֳ;ģⴽݰ׵ģرȹһộˡҸ㽲һҪȻϺӣپֺšӺץ¹ټСӣҡĵλӣʡҲ˲ģӹغˣľܷĴض
ֳԭûһȷ޹ϵеأ̽̽ڷ磬Ϊһ̵档ΣĻʻõ
ĸϻӴ򿪾ͣסͲžΪ˸֮´ӲٳլϵС˵ʲô׻˵˱顣ҹĻͻȻݣ˲š
ֳСڶ屧˵¾Ʋˣ;ǱС˿ûˣȥϵ
ֳҵĻŵʲôܣ
ڲͷ¨̧Դֱֳ֣㣬гõ¾ƲˡҸںɻؼġ㣬
ʲôôءֳ̽ͷûŵ
ʮڿףͻŴ󵽼£ǿʲôΪµĶֵÿƳָͷϸĴף¶ʺ⡣˱ǡ
һ⣬ˡ
һ£ǽǰȼ
ȣһ¡

 8 

ţȲ뿪ӣɫ
ָžƸſϣ˫죬ϸС೤ʾѾױŵĸŮǰãϰק͵䣬תȥСȰõѾ
ȻǷ
ȷȥ飬üͷȴ⣬ϵᷢ
ܣȥ̨Щ𡣼סҪȡǰմҵһ֦𡣡
ŶӦȥ̨ϰָѾ»΢Ҫţȡˡ
֦³ʰʽʬСϹͭ壬ָз硯
̨մϵһ˲䣬ʬʢȼײͭ壬һһ¡֪ӺζķźŶϷ򽥽ûӰ
ʬĻǻɫġ
ϼȼһģһ
֪ܲľκˣܣ洽٩Ͱڴǰ𻹻˼ѡ
Ҳġٵ˫ִ˴첲ܾý䰡
Ҹоð
ּ߿ڶ˯ϰߣ״򲻶ȵĵ䶯һһ롣
뷿ֳʳڣ˵ʲô֮һ𣿡
Ϊʲôô룿
ҿˣʬϵĻǻɫġ
Ȳ죬ֳָͷһ룬ӦûǡҵĽϸıʡ꣬ʬȡڳˣƫǱˡΣգǱߵĶ㡣
š˭ҾͼҵĶ顣ҹţ͡뿪ƽɽˮҳôûȥء
׼ӡҵҲҪѧԱ
ͷֳɲӼһԲıӰ
ĪƢ
˱裬
ֳϴϰߣ⼸û˯һٺþȻҪԭȡصԼңһմš
೤ĺȺȲ裬һһ
ĸݽɫͿʼ׼緹һӺòˡŮĵƵأû˽˯͡Ǹ߶ջȥ㷿ǰӣҪǿˣͽæ
Ŷ
ܱżӲţӹСȥԺŰ᲻ýѴ㣬ȫš鱾Ⱥ첼ľһһ֣ܰݴ֡ȸСһȥһͬ档
̫Ҫɽĸ۵Ӳ֪˶ٰѣһѲ嵽۾ϡҡСӣӻ죬ֳڱѡ
ͷĸɻ˳Ŵɳȥ㣬˾ͺãȥæɽþˣٲȥҪˡ
ֳۣ˸ޱˬ˯ؿڸϰͷ࣬ȴˮ
ֳ²ͷȥС
˻ôܻһĸѾԲֳΪ̫̫żҸϻĳһֲˮˮӰһ֡ѵӶˡ
ʲôóԵġֳ˳۾ָʲô͡
ʲôԣԣ㣬ڳ¼Ҳһ˯ͷûˣ׼ĸû˵ʲôɣȿ㡣ѽҵöȥ¼ȻȺú˵˵ǧȥ
ֻڼ͵ֳظ֤ᵽ⽷˳ֱʿˮģڳ¼ǿǶϱģ壬˲ˮ紷꺮ů֤ѳ¼ĸź̹ӽͷŵ⽷ĺóԡ
ƶĸסֿЦ⽷ãȥ԰Ƕժһ㣬Ȼȥشࡢ㣬Ҳ̳ߡ
Уȥˣҡ
ϣĸסλصϿӣȥõضȣԲˡĸض㰮ԵģҰ⣬˿䴺˵Ҷ衣ҶҲûŪЩ㳢ǲζ
ָǳɫ÷ˮ֪ԼݲַԼݡ
ּڴһƬ˵أרּ⽷ִζģźɻء
ɻһƬӭۼ̽ͷīʫ滭Щ˶ΧźɻȦȦҲû˵طֳ߱ҡ
̫վסҽŻŷţ͡һֳͰɶӵԺôƽأû˸ҼҹõȣҪҼҹ㣬ˣһתߣִ帾һȵҼС㣬֪ӡ
ǣҼ๫ϲȥҿǵɹӣ硣Ȼ˫ֻסҼ๫Ǿ׳̵֫ţͷʫҪ˵ȥ𣿡
ϺѪɫֳ˵һ֣Ͱһ֡
㡢㲻Ҫŵˣ
֮¹뷿֮ȤҪǳƵϲҪ·޶ˡûɹסĽ˺ˡź򻨿ɹڡִɫʶ㣬˵ǰȤζ˵ǲǣ

 9 

ɻҶ𣬱ͣһСغͷ˫ڴ࣬ˮոһƳһ
ɹֳԼ
紵ֻ쪺Ҷ
˲ڣ
ɾʧ֮ˡ
ֳɫɹֳԼ
ɹ
ɹҪҿɾͽȥˡΪΣ룬֮¡
ֳ粽Ҫۣˮһϯ׵Ҷȹظسںڷ˿Ʈˮɢ
ɣ
ܺƿߣŭһˮҡغֱ졣
߿ȥһִ֣ܺܲͷ
ܹӣҼС㲻͡˻ҪҼС㣬ȥִɫźšҼСÿգԻܹӣȥ֪ͨ
ǰ˰ɡɾȻԸңΪ·ϲǰݺֲǧ֡ŷѾŵˣǸɽҰ帾ƾʲôǰλá
֪ĶһܺᣬһߣҪ
λϴյ̫ѪˡҴƤǲôҲɿ۰ɡɰɡ
ܺĥӲݣһһͼɣһյĲΪ
ͻһȡɡܺɫû巢ʲôѾȻӶһֳ㵡㶵Ŷԭأܹȱ»סɰǧΡ
ܺĿѡ
ɣ
˫ĿžӣڳԲںڷ˿һӲȹ֮һĨѩ׼ϣֲһָϸĿ׶׶ӵϣ¶ϸɵݡ
ֳֻ׹ѡ
ˡ
Żڶɣܳ޿ܣô׵ɱܿԼǰ˵棬ʲô¶ɵ֮
ֹڶ䴫Ⱦ˻ꡣѹɫء
ܺǰڣվȣûԽɻ
ڳݴֳ˺üŷܺ˵ʲô
ڱˣܺϸǲء
ⲻܣⲻܰôڷ
Ϊ
ֳˮɣһǰֹסĶ
ܺټɫȾ
ô֪Ƿ
һ˫һڵ۴ޣС㣡Сôˣʲô¶ˣСôˣܹӷ֣ſңҪȥҼС㣡أ
ָֽܺһãܺţС뿪һôʧȥСˡ
ʹʧӵı˿ҪĵСѾУⰧʹҪתƣֳ˷йһǻʹͰ
㣬һɱС㣡ͨС۵·ֻнһһҲڵʱ򣬺СִŽСɻءСˣڿԶռˣˡ
¶̫˼ͻֳҲŵòᣬһſɤиɬûУû
˵Сôģ߿ֻһˣɱأСԼȥ𡣡޵С֪ԵѶϡѳҿ졣ѾˣѾȥˣʸ񶾵ŮΪʲôŹ
˵һ飬ûɱˣ
ٷ衣ûɱˣɵΣд֤
ܺתԣղŻ޲Ūô˵
ܺἫΪİﾴηֻܺ¡ִϢûĶȰҪȥСֻһ··ʪ˭߹нӡúÿСۻһξ룬Ҳûб˵Ľӡûۡ
ܺ᲻ԣίͲ˵ֳ޻˵
һĬ
ӣҺҡ⽷ĸ˵㻹δȥ᲻㡣ȵֱͦһһ⽷Ҫ߶һ
ֳö໰˵ֻ˼֣ȣˡ
ţؼҡܹӣôȿʬˮгɣأ⽷ɢһأô¶ʹ,ɣ
ֳҵļ⽷ʹ⽷
ȻǱˣž˰˲ѣлǺۣɬζ
ȣ
Ǹʧ̬ˡζȶ½⽷ȫ

 10 

ܺһסɣŵϣȸûˮ˼
ȣǰ˪Ψһչ¶ЦաһƬ飬תͷȢɽҰ帾ڸǷʬںɻˡȣ㲻ӵɡҪߡ
ߵСԣĵطʱС˷ֲɷ˵ͷ
֪ʲôʱСͷһֱһż⽷
ϱƷƿճһطɵһľ١һľ˸飬˺һ㡣
վŸʲôˮۣǮ˿ľба֮ЧһҪôصķǿЩȶ£׼ɣܹӣǮ˿ľմȾ֮ǰذٱ֣ӦѾŵˡĽɣݻغɻذɡ
ܺû
ߣȻɷڰϡմɢһ£ƽΪᡣ
ܺάűɵƣԸ֣жֱᣬС㣬С㰡˵վüģ㿴ˣǸĺ쵰ܹӲˡ
ܺѾߵûƢ˳èô˵ιȣһ̧ˡ
գסֱԡֳ˳ʲôãˡɹû߹㣬ǿסɣⲻͱƭˡ޵ĳˣɹҲԸ⿴Ӳһ
ֳۣ㡣˽ֳп޵ϡ顣
ľ鿴ɢڵȴܽ˸֦а󣬱ˮС𣬻ֹʬسһյ͵ʬҽ·
յ͵պʱȼȡһյʬǻк
ΪǻģֻʱŻƾӵĻȥɣ׻жٸƾߣˣǼѼݡЩö֪βܣһ£ƽؽȫݡ
Ŀһɱ㲻ƿǱ˵ģƲȥˣϵһɶϵĲɷ˵㣬СʲôʱʼֵĿ׶ʱûȥʲôƽʱȥĵط߼ƽʱˣ
СϧˣӲźԡҲǵһοСϵĿ׶ԴȳСϴ棬ţ˵ˡ˵ݵһۣΪӵĿ·ᡣ
ͻȻʲôˣСǰ˵ˣҰú·硣⼸գһֱ̫졣
ϳֿ׶Ƥǲס٣ȶȻη
Ͽ׶鲼ȫֻһ¶˵ͨȾ֮¡
ȺܺһۣȻ
Ϊʲô
ӣɫˡȵֳСϰֻסֳ⽷𣬡ĸڼҵųԷĪõȼˡذɡ
ֳͬȴϸ
࿴ɼۡķ˿ĶͷĿ״ֱ֣ʹƤҵ˽ӹ塢ԣ˶ãȫռΪСӵһˡ
ֳһοʼӡȵƤңաΡ˭ö֪رࡣ
Ŷ
ܺᡢԭش顣
ɻرߣʶܺᣬԽԽ߾ۼ̫һ˿⣬סֳԶż⽷𣬽ûӰС
ȣлúôɵĺ¡㱳壬ȢɽҰ帾ɣʧȥӵɵʸһߡ
ȡԲɣɡ
ܺȭģνȿõ񣬡ȣСˡΪȥ֪Ǹһ£ǣ󣬺ȳ
·˵á
üĹĵ㣬ôôûؼңһûԱ͵ó㡣
Բ𣬴ûͷͻȥˡԵĺɻ֣ԭ´һΣòáżֳǼ֦ۺɣһߡ
һ˫۷Ź⣬ʼʿˮˣððֻҪһģʣµĶá
ҲָɡһҲϲԡ
ҪٸһС飿
̫ˣҵǷݷһɡ
һ߶߶ĸŹſڵȣԶԶӰ»ȥŪˡüȵļȣسس˻ûԺӣռ򡢽ǵζ˳Ʈ
ָԺյСٿһ̳ӾƣŮֳһ١
㷹Ѿˣֳ׼ҡ
ţøĸָĸСϹĸʽѬһĸǵλԶԶĻǶŮӡ

11

ҿʲôµûװĸ⽷˨ţβ˻ûװ֣֣ȥ̳˸ϡںֽ̳ӣֽ࣬ԡ
úãȥȥָ˷Ըһ·Сȥ̳ӡ
ԱҵĴֳۿȣװˣװͶˡ
㶮ʲôװöŽֲûˣҾָ׼ĸʱһķϣһ졣壬û׼Ͳñϻˡĸɸ֡ʹļףֳĶĶ˳ۣǣװ𣬲ǣơҪͿռҵ
ֳ͵һûҸĸǧټҪֺõ׼ĸѾ׼ЦҲһţѽţѹȶˣװţҪſˡŮţǮ
Ҫ죡ĸЦܣȥɻûһڣƫֻء
ãһԵ´λ
Ůˣ´λǹʱ򡣿ڲŸġĸЦݵЩ
ֳȥ֮ǰƵȥ˶ܷ䡣
Ӻɻػһ䡮ܾý䰡һֱͷ֮ȥܽӴȾߣȾϷҲûܡ
ָţҪŰ壬޳סɫϣ뽻صţ¶һذ׾޳Ĳü۴Ц
ˣһڣֻǺ£ĸǡ
ںΣաǶܣѾηˡһֳѾһ롣ĳ̶ֳϣ൱Ρ
֪ҵߡһᴦġȶֳָͷѷüһĨƽЦ⣬šĸĨƵءڵǶ֮ǰĸΪġЦȥɻ֣ء񣬱ǿ
á
ֳӦԾʱɻѾը˴衣ڹ໽еĸСèһһڣֳըʣµģϴ׼뿪
ţǳˡ
Ϸ·ѹһСɽȶǳŲ
ֳȾţߡ
ָĸĸܵ˿·ֳ˵˵ͣȰ˲ؼҡ
һ·һͷ
ּߵûӰˣֳͷǡ
ɹﱾԶ档һʱᴫƽءѵöעﲻӦˡ
Ӧáһʧˮûʲôڶûֲȫ׶ҲûνġڵĸӺε֪һƽǲزҲˮСɡ
ֳ󷢺һƬƤ񣬡ʲô˼ѾҪôڡרĨȥ鷢ĺۼ㲻˼ɡ
û˵
ֱƣɹûˣôҹж˻ɥѾȾϵҲˣǲԵ˽ӴƾߣǲǺ˲ú֮ᡣ
ȣǵѡ˵ԣѧԱôȤˡ
û
ȵĶֻõСǡ֮Ŀ϶ǾܾҲֻܷɡСǡܺáڷһЩ¶֪
ˮҪƺãһֱţգֳ˱֯Ǹ汾ΪĹ¡
ǰаүճ
֪Ӻζȥη
ÿҹ̤ڽնУЦͯŮ·
ֽ֮졢ֹ
һʼûע⣬ֻ˭ɥϷ̨·˵ôûɥءֱԽԽϳһֵָĿ׶׶ǻģ糤һºΪٵĹɱ¶ŶƳž
ɽʿ·˴ˣ˵з֮һ
ʮ䣬ɽʿһֱ׷ѰаүټɽѹסаүԼҲ߶ʮаۼľλ־ͬϵĵɽҲȿеɽžʿ
ǰаүسᱲаͬھû뵽һаүس֣ˡƽؽٻ
ֱҿܺᡣ˵һֱǱ޵£֪ɽžʿ˴ҵͽڶࡣԽ࣬¶Ҳýɹ飬ܺḺĨȥܺҲ
ڵĿֻţԶȷҪµĶࡣƽнٻֻԴڴˡ

12

֪˵һʱֳҲͬһԼӿ첽ԶԶ˦
ΪֳԼɣɼˡ
ֲǸ·ʯӶ
ּҴ˵һӣʵסۼɵԲδ飬״ǡĸȦһ𡣵ƽһ·ǹٵʯש˵أСֳּҴλǡԲȦβһ飬ҪϹٵһ·
ʯ·ϹȦͳһƨŲ
ֳһ;û˼͸ˡ
Ѿͷ·һ˪ҹ·Ұݸ졣
ֳ££Ų·Ͽ֨졣Ұһ𣬱˵ͦ˵ġ
ҪȸϣѾܡ
ȵȡ
ֳŲ·ôûһ
ôͣˣ
ȵĺܽĶ˵ĻʵǣϢڲϣ⡣
ֳһŵףʲôȾ˵Ļ
ˡҲǰ˵һΪײֳһ٣ȱ߽ͷҪ˵ȻϺ״ôߴһôһоûУ
Ʈڵϡ
ɫͻȻ£סֳӣſֳѲ䰡䰡䡣Ѱ˱ֳĴꡣ
Ȳ㷢ˡҪǱ꣬ϵʿ
ֳܣæ䳯һۡһȥʱоǰ
ֻŽżڵϡ
λȣʲô
ӱƴ´ָܰܰܰȾ͸ƵһûһӦµǣˣȥȡ˫Լ̧סԷӣѷ֡
ЦƤȴһ
촽ָʱůůӸԷС
̳븹ʱܴһŻֽקסƴ죬پͻȵ
ҪĻһֱϳ
ֳǰ亹£군ˣҪԵˡ
ʼˡ
ҪǲȶúøߣһЩħ֡
ȣҰҰ
һúѧϰԱ޴֣

һīɫʷ漲۶ֳϣ͸Ȱ
һ·̹
˭ɻңʲôͷȻ
ζǺβֳɿȡȵһ뷢ԼܶƿתѾܡ
ϲӣжĿˡˣˣ
ȥĶҪȥĶŰ˻Ƶķ䣬𽥱ñ꣬㲻׼ߡҵ֣Ҫ䣬
ɡȫԤø㣬ұ˰ɡ
ʷϣɫ޳ִָʶһɨдɫġīˮһο˱ʻοͣ˿һͷǣǧش᧿Σвرữɢ
лʶ𡣳·³ıƺֻأΪԹ۶겻ɢ˺ˡ
·ԭķ֫ץֵһ˲סԡֵǣÿ˵һ֣ӾͼӾȼճɻңҹû꣬ҹֳˡ
·ͬ·߲·һⳡһֽճɻҽ
ԭ֪·ֽ֮С
ֳ亹һ£ղֽŷ·ԸġҲ˵ϡ飬ǰԲҶʲô˼ȣӸղŲҵĻҶˣһˡֻԼ·첲ħ§ס治ǹǽģǱȵģ㲻ҡȻҵƤҲһⲻӰɡˣң
¶ĵľȻĸԭĸȿôడ
ڣȤѧϰԱ𡣿ȣĸҲǲС
ģֳϲѧһѧճ̡˰ɣѧ˰ɡ
ɡʼѧ
ȵֳִ䳭𣬱Сһڻֳ˫ʶȦסȲ˵ĽҰģⲻ̫ðɡתһ룬ĽҰû˿˵Լҷ˭˵Ҳȷʵŵ
һͨİԷ
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ȿڵػԹΪԴΪ顣·ܿػָʹҪѰܣҹ
Ҳ˽ԹΪҪ˭Ѿѡˣ
ȸһΪĴ𰸡
ҲµĲɡڸ³һóáʹÿػٿԼͬĳ·ټ򵥲ң𡣡

13

Ȣ˵ȣγ˵ҲȣɹҪҲȥȣȵʲôϵֳ˵ɹﱥʫ鸹й֣Сǳ̱ˡҽ޸ȶѣɰίˡ
ɹﵹΡȲĿ
¡ֵ׷ɹһƷϼѡԩͷծô򵥵ĵ϶˵᲻ɹ÷ȾǣìͷƫƲŶ׼ҡߣҪɱ㡣ҲԽܿԼ
ɹ˵¶֪Ҫ˵ʲôڲ֮
ţû׼ɱҡϧҲȣ˵ػ֮г·ǰǸӻɣӻִ߽ıΪ˺ʵͣʮȻʵʮʱɥѸǮԸļ·ϲʤ㾡ðҵܸ򣬹ʱ˻޹ɵꡣ·ԹɢȻĲģʮԿϴ˭֪˿ػɢ
ʩ񼫣·޹ֳҲܸͬܣʸһ䡮ʵ̫ˣղ£ȣľ
Ҫ㼰ʱСûˣлл
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ʲôΨһĴ̫ǫˣˣϹܻûľҡ
˵ػ˷ãЩм֮ܲǸ
ֳˡ㿴ͦƣ׾ʲôܴôΣյĵ˵̧٣Ǻ˵
ѲŰ񣬿ػһˡ̬أ棬Ϊ˭֪վ񡣡
һ˭Ŀػû׼н캦˵ˡ
ɽžʿһͬꡣ
ɽžʿȫ䡣¡ֵɽžʿ֮һҲ˵¡ֵѿػд˵Կ
ˡķΧͺܴˡ
Ұݷ¡֣ͬһȥ
ҲǲУҵﲻͬ⡣һΧڣſƣԲԼ¼ܣ˵ȥ񻰣żҲء
𣿡
Ȼˡֲǲ֪ſڱտڡǶˡͷ¶൱Ĩڣñֳ˵ȻΪʲôȢһʶ֡ϸź̹̹Ķϱ
Ȼ𣬡￴ڵӳͷź¡
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Ҳ㡣
˵һ飡ֳ˫ȵıȣѸëߡ
ʶ§Щ޵񣬴δ׽һʱЩڡ
ֱͦһ룬̬ɿȲֳ
ҿôҡģҲԵ޹ʸŸɡұ֤޿̵ʱ򣬲Żͻ
ڲôԶе϶ֳ˵ºڷߣ֮ȫϣϧȲΪղ˲ų꼻һ֡
ֳ˵꣬ȵţҪᡣǸĹ޵ˡ
ֳһֱŶ壬ȽĿڽꡣûֳҲԳǮʲôġǣһŵ¶ֳžˡ⼸֮һֱһմܾԼڸ泬ʵҼҾơ
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ֳԼۻˣȻôһ˲䣬ȵӰӿֻĶ
ҼʮʱֳԼߣ±˿Ҵл
Ű뿪ţ͵ƷԺӾߣѸʪӽ·
Ѹ·¶ʪյģմ࣬ƨɵ飬Բ״һˮˡ
ôӣʲô¶ˣ
ˮˣæǹ⺦𡯣Ѹ˶һĲǶϱɫһǿЦſڣû¶·СһŲȿˮˡ
˨ţжȥѸ״ϥӰѸϵɳ
ضţѸһֳǸƵҲˣֳüĿ㡣
ҪּҴֳͺЦڲˣ˭ˤء
ôôСģˤĶˣûоﲻֳ͵ƴս£ѸЬմ˼ƬĶϸһƣۡ

14

ͻұ·ȥӱϴݴžȳ׽ߡץΪȲӣⶫ֣һˮﻹͶˣѸԽ˵ԽίˣȦҿҪƽصЦˡ
Ьۣûð߷˦˰ɡѸƤЩϡƳʱǸСұˡȫǸͽֶߵĺˡ
һϴ·ľôЩˣģЦЦ͹ȥˣȥ
ʲôСôЩˡ졮ִɫĻƽص˶ȥƽˡѸתԹ𿴻ˣǸŮ֧ӣʲôֵÿġ£һҪˡ
˵һ룬Ϣģ´Ĵ
ѸִȻطȡԼһŪˡͶϱһ죬϶ۻˣȥЪŰɡϱȥˮϴм齪ݽá
ãȥֳ͵ȥ˳Ѹĸദʱ䡣
ľš֨ѽϡ
ȼӲѸֲȥ
Ȣֳŵֳ㵽˵ص׼ڣϱֻһֳҪֳúùӡȺɵ¶ȥˡȲһ࣬ӽˮȿֺɢ鶼ΪȣֻһֱӱܡȻͷǰˡӣȺɣûԺ󡣡
ţţš
Ѹ˵šۿˣеɬ㵹ˡ
ڲƭ¶һֱǸʲôʱ򱬷ĸӶˡ˹˹ǸùֳɽҰ帾ʺȡǽ˼ҵŮǰϡ
βܽһŮ֧ӵĸ
Ѹ죬ۿˡ
ʰطʱֳϴˮճˣԡͰðֳһϴ꣬ȡ˸ɾڽͷȫðˮ
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ȡ·ֳվԭصԡꡣ
վһʼʶԡΪʲôҪѾƵĵ㻹վȣ
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·ֳһ˫չƽȻžԼҿ
󣬳һ
ȰվһߣĿȫ̡ؾӽͷ
ξ׳ˮƤϸڲס˵ˮ͵͵ĹȦǴĴֶ̧˳ż»븹䡣
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ȾУֳָ̧Լ˦һİƣֱҲ׳ԴɳȲҪ¶ú÷ˡ£ȥ 
ۣ
ӹ·ϡ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ֳȷʵˣȹǳЦ
ءȼ֮㣬մʬعд״̬ڸټ˶Ŀòֻһ㣬ˣнԿȣꡣ
˵ôͻȻԭĹֳȫٶֱͦ
нԿҲǾ߸塢߸ϲ߸ʹˣ޶ȷŴ˵ϲŭ֡仰˵ֳûǸ˼ءҲĪӣԭ뷨
Ȱͷ­ֳͬߣ˵ʱֳߣֱ
Ҫˣ
ȴһ˿
ҪһҪȼڻۡǴĵطͣ޲ò·̱Ų룬ҿһЩ㡣ίһջˣʱ䡣
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Ƿ˲õ飬Ϊ˵Ǹ¶Ҫ飬һúѧϰ޶ףҲҲҲǱ֡ҲϣΪҵĹʧ¡
ԭû㣬ڻ⿪½ĹʧԵֲ
ǡأʲôʱѧϰ
ֳѹϴ뱻죬⡣

15

پĵҲҪǿ֧š̶ֳȵĽ㶼Բ۵ĥ󿳲񹤡շеʱ以д衣
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̽룬ָһʣſܣӡ״ΣӦõһǣʧʹҲ𽥱䵭ɥʧȣһ¶ӽһѵ㡣
ֳ죬ֽӴɱֱӽܣȥҾҪûˡ
ָֺץһְסȼı۰ͼͣ˵Ļ档
ڼңΪˡȲͣƽҲĲ⡣
ֳ۵׳γһҲ˵Խ˵ԽԼ˼
ɡ
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ǰһƬףʲô壬Ŵ
ЦͲֲֵ¶һ鲼˰ɡ
֮ʱ۵ģмɵİֳ࣬𽥵ȤζŶƺߺ
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ڶһֳӴʹȫ޶Ҿ档ҹ¶һֵɫǿսΪҪȶء
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ӢǸ첻ߣܺ᲻ʶΪֵܡ˺ܺհ
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ӢȡžһϣЦǽһĻŭţתͷ͸ȹ֣ʲôʲôӸΣ
ӢⶶȶֻҪһڷ߳ŭͰȺɹﰵ֤ͨݰ̨棬ΪЦܼһ䡮һҰһ𿪣Ǹٻֳ
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֣͸ҵİ
֣Ҹһ˿˴㡣ֻﰢᣬรɡӢתڰ֣ԸңսپҶĿˡ
ǰһֳǰ档
ˣ֣⼸ִϽƲľɮĺϿ۵ĺšĨˡءˣһСģͿܱɡꡯ
ش֣ȺӢӣڶԷп̽
Ŷ𡣡
չŻƷ
ֳܾȿʼ˷ˡ
ס֡
ӢԼҸֵʱ鼮ȡ֡Ӣͨ˼־á̫ŮĳɡӢ
ҲǲӰ죬ӢһǴݰףòƵġ
ܺ᲻֪վڶ¥˶ãֹͣüһϯī۹ճı۰
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¥һӣ͸硣
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͵洫飿֣Сˡ
ܺᰴסӢʱһСϣǸӻСĪһʶʮܼ洫飬ʮһֱ鷿ѧϰ鷿һֱϽܼ˽ΨһǣȥԶ
ֳ˵㻳ɹ͵ˡƪ͡ػ
עĴǡǽáɽҪʲôһ˫ַϡӢֳһۣһֻסèʹѲܺᷴԼԼͦС
ȵĹעȴ洫飬ܣ֪֪һˣ
ܼϡܼҲûпüףȴĶ˵ģ
Һѡ

16

ܺû˷Ѵࡣ
ȣһɷɷųģĿڸ𡣡ܺ˵²⣬Ȼе˼߼ģǰȳף̻֮أ˵ıңȴȥڶ죬㡣ɺεȴϻۣһ۾ϳ㲻ȡɲ̺ɵĻﻹƤˡʮעһ˾Լ
Ⱦţ˵󲻽˾䣬
˷Լϣκ֪Ƴȴȡ̻꣬ػķɡȣÿػҪԸ˲޹ˣ㣡ԼںɻҲҪ֪Ƥһ¡
㷢¶һɱɡڰڷʬľм϶ֽţÿػתΪ׽ˡ˵ĶԲԣȡ
ҡȣϲŭ·˵תֳ
ֳһһ㶣ﻹ¶
ӢһԴȻ򣬡˵ôɽɵıаϿλˮƫ͵ڽ£ԭǽˮ̤תԹ֣ߵӶǴ̥ʹ
Ȼܺһֳڴ˵ķӦ
ʲôӦҲڼƤ¼ָܻżԮأ
ûɶӦеԲס˫۾
ֳ˼˼˷Ӧһĵϲ붣ֱεҾ˵ɹﲻẦҡԩͷծ˭ɹ˭ʵأȲɱģ׽ʧɽҲʲôɽϵˣɽžʿ֮һ
ˡֱԣڳûһȶ֡ܿ󷨹֮ණ¡ֵ󷨶һӰ죬Ҳ
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Ӣ֧ڵϣӿϥһ֡žĺȣ¶ȣܼһһȿǰɽӯһ˹ңġ֣˵Ǿ֮һ
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Ҫǻţڵٶˡ֣㻹δڡӢչСɵıǼһڣʾΣɽžʿΪи޵ߣ֣ءãǲסʬϵʬסˡ
˿϶Ϊβ׻𾻷ʬһǣֻҪ̤¡ֵһʩƤĻȥҲʡѴࡣô飬ܺû̹𣿡
̹̹׻𾻺ֻ߷ӢͻȻ޴룬֧ҡûɱ²֡
ûκηҶţɱ𡣡ȿڣŻƷ׼ӢţδܵľϯӢ亹ֱ׹ѡȫڲһ´̽ȥȫϣûˡ
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ȲȫȻʧ⡣ˣúЦȪӢ㲻̫ԼĿ𳤡̫ࡣ
ƷжȥɱӢܺʩ赲ȻһһӢϡ
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Ӣһ£𿪿ŭ໰ȴһУ
ʹٲӣ۷Ứ!
ܺ˿ӢԴšתҾлʦ顣
ȱɡˣɽžʿ֮һˡ
ŲŵģҲûʲôֻȲмҶɱְˡ
̤¡һ˲䣬ܺῴתӢȫʩʮֵ׻𾻺뾭תɼʣӢʬ޴档
Ӣֻ߷Ҳ˼˼˹
˴Ҫ档
Ƚаү֮ȫгϣ¡ڳԸ
ڵķԶɹʱô׶Ըаүس֮ǰ֪ǿ١
ͬʱСһߣаүΧ׷½أԴͷΣͷ죻һߣǶԱƾߵĴֹ֮䴫ⷽԼ򵥣ҲҪģ񡣡
ܺ࣬ҽϧȥ졣ܼʵҲˣʧұסԶңֹڴˡ
˵˵
Ӣһ·Сܹɫţᣬŵ˴ˡ֪Ķڳİײ͵ƣɽʬ嵱ճɺ̿

17

˽
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ĻңӢģһ·࣬ᣬ侲侲ɽ˺ü죬ǶһܲˡܣСˤ
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˵һǶɡǣҸ߹Ĳˣĺܣûݳ޵Ķ
ȵֱЦߵĲ죬ǾϣӳɻӵĸȲ

Χ˲˿֣¡ֵӰֵʵʵ˼ɵץӷε֪׷ʲôƵƵŲ̽⻭ǡִɫ˫ͷ֮һɹרõģǰκͷ˷ͻȻʧ칫СŮ֧ӲģͶء
ǽߵĻѬİڰɣͷջ٣ֻʣǼ᧿Σ紵˾һ亹ɢܡ
һʪմӺɻ̳Զճһմ
ڣ¡ּ˫۷ϥǴпľͻƿʣˮرڳϸ¡ڲѬİڲưɲ£ȫûʲôٻĵɹյĿȫȫɢ̿ζ̼ƤͷͳԲΣϸ֫ʹƣƺǰܵĥ
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ģ¡ٶΪŮ֧Ϣܴɡ
ܺԼ߻ȥġ
Ӣֳˡ
ܺ˵ˣ׻ҹ

18

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׻̫࣬δ³ˡǾͱ˴ˡ֣㣬ʲô

19

ɫǷ壬Ϥаүһʶ֣ж֮ġϧ©һ£ɽһסԩͷծ¹ɷֻתơΣɽͬתˡˣݵ˲Żмƴӡ
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20

ձָ㣬ɫתΪֻԭҵġһɽžʿȺαӣԵΪҵȴ˽͵ѧץ˸СǣһΪʲôö
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 21 

ձüɰ֣źǿ̫ˡձʺϼ̳һܵ˻ĸ֪깵ҡδǾõˣСӸߣձæ̡
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Ŷ֣̿һָϸĿ׶Ӷȫ㣬Һ䣬Ƿ绹˳ζһ˳Ŷࡣ㣬Ӻᣬҿǲ

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 22 

ֳһʱ֪Ǻá
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ⲻҪֳû֣ҾãұˡӦǷԵʡ

 23 

ֳ˵˷ŵجΡ
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ֳ뵽ĸεϰߣ֪ԼûС
߲ûʲô֢˵ÿҹͻᰴʱԶ𴲣ȭʲôġҲεϰߣ˵㣬ǧҲġ
ΣǲḺġ
㶣ǹ𣬡ûк֢Ҳ֪ǡ߲÷һķձѪ
͹ҵ֮ǹձȻջϵķ
ֳһҲҪⶫвͻẦ˺ɹѪĽѵ˼ҵķǰôҲһ˰ɡձҴкһ˫ַϸһֱǲе塣
ת˸ͷаүƽôһ˵ֽ֮죬ֹ
ôȻ̸ֳûô׻ȵͷ˵֮һʲô⣿
Ͳ֣Ϊʲôзָ֣˳ڡͬףйϰߡ˵ǰձ׷аүʱշŰһ֡νָ֣аү󽫡ձˣ֮һȻ
ֳգԡ˼ҵģ˼ֻûԼĶҴ˴ˡ
Ǵˣֶһûûգ˭õ˭ġûỰᣬյģϹձмҸ塣֮Ǿ
Ҽȼִ˵еһֳ֪֮ڴҲǱʵ̲סͦˡȵĻήȥ
˵ֻ룬ڷһϣĺÿһ
ȣѡڲ˰ɡ
ֳһʱ֪ÿ޸ЦȻجδĺ¸е߰˷֣ǹձ¶ѹԿʹˡ
ģߡİΣҵ
ȶָ𣬳ſֳüͷָë»ǣһ֧Ц
ֳƮ죬ĵطĪʶÿ֣ס
ֱһȭͷСīսϸƣīɫɣһڶ
ֳһͷԽȵǰ£˵Ķж˼ֱϸڡ
˭õ˭ġ
Ҫôãֳ˵
˽ʬһЦǻģԼ־Զ޲𹥻ôþôáɹ÷Ȼ˲˷棬Ƕˮƽ
ֳ˼

ܺȷ¡֣ų̂乬
¡ֱ䷢
񣬱ˡһ̣ڷԲʮ֮ڣҪȥϣ̣ϮԮߣ
ܺŶ롣
Ӣϣ첲֧ȣԴϣ»ⲿС۾׳״īкһأӸŵȥ
ģǰܷãֻһҲ뾡취ýζ׷ϼ¼켣¶Ҳûٸɡ
ŹСǰɣ¶㣬ߣ
ֻܺڿϣߵſڻӢôûϣͷߴһ
ǰǿϻһīˡ
ī˿
ī˿¡ֱΪõ˧֮ļī䷱˿ȡ
¡ֱҶ໭գ׳յĳաʫҽͨĲӣƫڻԽõľԨһȫֻửˡ
λǰǣܺ
ᣬŵѶţȻѶŻҪ絽˵ʲô壿
ӢԿʹ

 24 

ӢԿʹҿˡ֪ˡ
ī˿ԼڻĻУīԷ⣬ֻ⡣˽ī˲ܷų
Ȼʧܵռȸֽҳ֮գǴɥ֮ʱ
ܶսĴнҴȻΪѣڽ
¡ֵ˶ᡮī˿˾ܾʹá
ϾΣʱ̲˶١
ִǰ£ʹõĶ¡ֱţƵǰǡ
īһһȥһī˿ʵ֣ӢԴ̽ȥϸƣϡҿĸ˵˻䵽С
ûƵշһֻŲӢ˶Ьӡӡ
ܺŵһNɪȺǳӢٶǰⲻǣסôǰ˵ģϴǸǰԣ֮гײĪһʶ
⻰˵ܺķȣǰǸˣ˵׼ӢСЩ
˾ݽӢ겻Ĳ죬ô˷ҲǿһȼᵽСسǵС
˭Сǿ˺ðɡҺôͬţҪҪÿμ涼˿ΡӢһУ״ҽ㣬ҡȡ㡣ҳ־Ҫһܹûշõġ
ûǮ
ƽ°ڣϯضϢ°ڴһȦ
̫ˮǿоҪӢĿ죬ôʵʵһơСŰ廹ռСš
׻ˡֵôЩѪѵÿζռռֻСġӢ빫ͬʮ꣬ͷϴδռˣ㬶ˡ
СŰ壬㲻¡ֱҵ߸ϵıӣСسǸʲôŪǱУ
ձӳ޼Σ¡ֱ׷ɽ֮֡ʹáī˿Ҳ㵽Ӣڸ¡ֱǧֻӢȷ
ձ¡ֱ𣬴˷ˣٹãһɱ¡Ѱ𡣡Ӣ˵˵ɽ֣ձΪȥɽ
룬ŷζġ˵ּȳ֣ձȻûԼ
ߣֶû Ӣվֱӣͬ
˭õ־˭ġ
˭õ־˭ġ
Сͨ񴽽΢ѲֵһܼȼߣԽԽãһϢ΢֮֮֡Ѫ֮࣬Ӧǳͬ塣
ӢȫгֳȷסķλŬŬ죬Ҷ֪ܼȼλס淿䡣
Ŷǿ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡һлëʲģɱͷš
֮⣬סֳܿδһ⣬Ƕǽ˸󶴣Сģ

 25 

˵ӣԩ޳Ϊ鷳
¶˵̽ߡǴ¡ֱˡ
Ϊԩ޳𣬷вŴƫɥ֡ƫͷֳͷƤ飬˺ڶĵ⣬ҿ磬ղŲӹȥˣ˵ڶΡ
Ƚ˲صĸȺȹ΢΢ſӣӣſھҪɱӣ֪﹫ӡжᣬúġ
ɲᡣУгֳţһȹǳеڹ񲱾ϻѪۡ
ÿĹƽԻһ赲ëʻֳ̽ؿڣٶ֮ϣϧһС磬Ȱֱ𶶣߳ʹòȽͲˣƫһ磬׼ȷӵġҪȱȿ˭죿
ǰѽֳͱ˸ԴͱࡣֳʶһͱӣԣҰҲȾϷ޹ܵѾܲңдһɡ
Ůδı棬ҰҲɱ㡣һɢͿ̿¡ֱΪѾʧȥ̫ࡣһʰ֮ǰҵøΡǸȥ
ˣһ·ߺã¡ֵĸÿΪ㱸һݡͬһ㣬Ƿߡܺ᲻ֱӣƫԴ̾ȫɹǷسסԺ
Ӣ˫ۻأüͷ޳նɱֺԵķδȻֶΣɽ׻ҹ˼ľˣӦסСŰ塣
½žʹȥˡ
ĿⲻûΪ˴룬ίˣˡ
ֳΨһָܰ˵仰װϹĶˡӢֳϲ˽ֳպðӢʥ˸ɣʥһûӰ
Ⱥ͹Ӳϲ½ţԽҪ˲һֳ۷ڣ侲ֳȻԾȡ
ӣһܻ¾ƽ
档Ӳ˵ѡ
ֳ˵Ҫҵӣ֪ǰ÷˳ԹɢʧܣƽΪᡣʹ÷쳣򵥡ܣֳҲܡ
Ӣܺͬʱ
ң
ң
ң
Ҹңֳ˵ǰžų㣬¡ֱ²֮㣬ʲôҵġȻĺеǲһţ̸̸֮ӣΣ

 26 

ֳıȵһξǸоȵӣתơȨ
ȣӣˡ
ʾãҲʵʾ⡣
ֱĶֳ
һСΪû֤ʵʹ÷Ļѣʧһѷ֮ľѻᣬԲ飬Ϊƽ룬ɱ
񽣼ⲻ˷
ֳϢϾǰһȳ
ӣ˼֮һĿΪ棬Ĳ𡣡˵Ҳ뿴˼ĳȻŹһΣͱŻֻǸ븾ˣš
ȶָס⣬ƿ˸ˡסֳڻ
ֳȫֱϳ
Ƚҧ䣬ֻ˵ĺãӡ
ܺͳһƿҩޣˣ¡ֵġҽֹѪ̣Ĩϡ
ֳ۵ףûӡ
˷۹
ܺձ߬ҩƿֳӡ֧ǶҲǡֲҪ
Ӣ˵ˣҽ¡ʥƷΪ󡣰ԼٴԵãã±ǡøǿҲ̫ĻмϾ֮Ļ顣Ȼֻж̶Ӷѡ
˵Ͼ֮Ļ飬Ȼֻж̶ӡֳЦ˵ӢܺеûƤû̹˵żȣ꺮ůǵʾҾ÷ǳα
ܺɫֳף顮ҽ̲֪
һʱǱһʱǣ㣬ӢΪ¡ֵһԱɱҲӢֻδȫҽָҡҡ׹Ӣ۵ĲУһһתƵϣߴҩôԷ¡֣ĺѵӢöðײ˵ȹӢһӢǷһ顣
һԷ¡֣ĺѵӢ
ܺס޻
ֳ̲סЦ֪˿죬ӢôδȳˣϾֵ̫ܴ򣬲ڡǺѡϣˡ
Ǹʱرһ¡
ֳҩҩǡҽ
ܺβѡ
һ磬ˣĪҪӣ˵¡
ӣҪɱң޷ҽȾˡҲǡҩֳͨ̣һֲ䣬֪ƾߴӸȾƳҪʮ죬ʮܽұ֤Ӵκˡʬ㴦ã಻֡ģһֱڲࡣ
̶ʮգα̰ʮռ䣬Ƥǿ״֡⡣ʹ졯ϵ
ֳ˵ô֪һӣҲҲǺҶǺ˳ҭޣѿ
ѵаı飬ǸŰӢӲȤãʮպ󣬹ſô
ֳʣҿ϶زȥһѸֻ˵¡ʮдʫñճ˴˳˶ʮӡ
Ѹ˳ְѶϱļҲˣȲڼʲôھź򾻴ȣ紷ȶ˲ˮʲôģץٺòˡ
ܺһ£ֻ̨ʱ޲ϡ
̨ϸպϷֳһ䲻ðᶯһӵĹ

 27 

ɵٰ̨졣
ִɫԻҪ⡢δΪɣܾɹǻҡ
ʬҷ𣬱˸¹ڣȡ¹ڣТһΪС
ǰĴ¡ֶˣɿɽеޡѩΪǻǳŮӣ׷װ̾ϧīʸʫд˺ü
Ȼǵɵĳ
ܺʫʣڻǰһոɡ
ֲȴҲҵڮɵһԱ
£ѵãܺᵱ˳ˮ۳һαӡȻˮȫõϣ¶һԲ
ִȫ̼ܣӢ˸
񣺡ء
ӢҪվܾõģȻᷢᷢ׳ܲӢѿһ⼸ձȽŲϺȣɱһ㡣
Լ˼°£ޣ˭ҪȡӵȹܺԼɡ
ӢúúҵҲû򡣺ǣǰҲ֪ĸСŰҽī˿Ҹʲô˵СŰû˵㣬СŰ塣
ʸպ÷ڿſڵĵطֺֽ̨ܿʼܡӢСŰһ䲻߹ݣصش鷿ܺİһ̴ľʡû뵽¡ֶΪɥѵǼǴ
ѻ˸ߵİֵֽʣм乫һأҲѳСɽ
ȻСˣĥī
ѹֲסҵʫ⣬ӿ죬ʣ
ԭҪʫʵɹǱĲáСˣīź򡣡
Ŷáæҹɵݱʡ
귴ӦԼ
СŰͲӸλѾã˸ֱʹܶͬʱʹͷһ⣬ֲе±ơӢɽ񲻸Ц̫°￩
ԥһ»ǼĥīݱʣϾ˼ҵϸ̫ˡ۵Ӣ
ӢĿͣ˵СүšЦءСŰүվŵ㡯
ֳ㡣
¶ɱȣֳȫ޹ۣۿҲҪ˻ˮ뵽ؿڶѾˣ𣬶˵档
һɢ
վֳ£ҽȷʵʥƷмζɷаܶһԷֳȫȻ޺
ȵȵȣȵˣл˵Ϲۣ˫׳ӣһȦ룬Ҳһɡ
̨¥ɽĻȴݾܾȣҼСĽ㣬᲻»ҰԲԡǺãͬȢС㣬һ֣й
˵Ҳͬ⡣ΪҪȢɣ
ܻǰִɫԶҼС顣ˣæҲϰΪԸҼС޸㣿ߣΪ˸Сһ֮ŲѶΪ֮
ֳȣǲ˲ͬ⣬˵ˣҼСãѸӸţɾ¡˼ӣռҼС֡ļϵˣ㹻˰ɡҼСֻҪһ֣йѡôһСҪ㶼ϳȫ𣿡
ֳ˵ĪҪȢȢ˵㣬
Ǿ˵㲻ඡϲɫӣͻȥ׼ڤˣѾãڽҹʱһҪ
Ҳȥȸɴܾĸ֮ý֮մȢɡ⼸ٳɺ£̫ˣڲԣԭ㡣£ҷ޶˾ʹ˱
˱ӰţȫѾ̬ŵĺܵͣȺɽҰ帾˲ʶôǹô򴽺޵ȣһȢҼС㡣
ӣطɣҪϢ
Ҫ˰ɡ
ȵ࣬Ƿǽֱ𶥡·ָֻİˣĮ֮Ρ
šֳ󲻳˰һʲôӡ
ȸ㣬ĽɣֳƲһӦе
ˣ˵Ľ֮Ϊ֮ȸԾɣȥٶ
ŶԺҲΪɡ
˵ʧǼٵģֳԼĽݸ黹ˡǰиҪ¡
¶һҪȡ
˵ܶһö׶ѹơ˷α겻αܾܲȣؼ㡣
ô˵
ǻۼʶзԡֻҪϷൽʶٻһΧڵķΧˣٻϵķҲǲܡ
糤ֻҪ˻ţܲͣܳŵʲô̶أƳԹ磬ûֳ֪е룬Լ˯ȥᡣ
ֳϷƵ֪ˣϵʶ
ȹ𴽽ǣЦⲻ۵ףֳԴĺãӡ

 28 

ҧݣָҪ°ڡȾܾӭȢС㣬޷ǰڡĸ֮ý֮ԡȥѸýţȱû˾ܾͷ
ϧˣ˽ҲƣԴöһ롣ΪŮȴһּ̼ҵСҪĺáԼҲû˸ﲹѵһܵȥѧö顣ܵҲǸģѧǰé⼸ͨԣ˳Ϊ¡ֵѧ
￿һ˳ĸֱͦˣ֡Ǯıϸ࣬⼸ǰӹ
һжõķߣⶼ鹦С㡣
һСԸ
ýŶǳϲƣٰڤǿҵɣرлʮұŸð븱ҵһǿͬýšǸĸ֮
¶ľһѸΪѸĽʾ֭Ҳ̽һЩϲá
磬ŴСÿѸҴš
ӵס
Ѹǣ˭
ӣɾ⣬صТġ
ֲЦˣοǸŵġѸﱻϲЦտ˽ţϣ̫Ʒ̫ˡȿˮͷ󣬱ɹˡ
ѸɨΣߴ˶϶ȣŶ˼Īͷʶˣʲôͬѵáӵʲôġ
ǧ𣬰û˸ίȢֳǸ׺޹ĵɽҰ帾
ӶֺѸͬСţѸ𿴹ϷĻֲ֧Ĳ²ļҶԾ⡢ƶʶʹǧС顣
ѸԽԽϲ̬ǸϷͨƽӻƽöȫĺš
Сӿûɣ㵽ҼҾϣҳ˵ʲô֪СӴ˷ǰĪǶҼҾ˼
һӢδ޵Ĺᵽ²Ʈ죬ѿڱҪ˵Ϸˡתһ룬ҲΪ¶ǾˣȷʵһĽŻ޵ĺ֪ңҼС㡣ҼС˵ˣһ£Ľӣֻʱ㡣ϷˣҾͺƤˣҼСԸίΪ檣Σ
С㣿Ѿ߶ôųС㲻ɵȥ㣬Ѹϲʤֱͦ°ͳ죬Ϸ˵ͷ
̬Ѿף˵ŵڣҲǶ˼ҡ¸Ųһ¾С檵¶
⧲סιιϷˣղŵıɲô˵ġ
ˣҪչͨһĳˡѸе˵СС뾻ҶݣԸΪίСҲܸжǸù˼ͷܺù檣žںȰ˼
Ѹô˵˵ĿˣѾӺʹ鷿ƣٯٯʫ黭̸˵أֳǸɽҰ帾һĵػͷίѻҶ˵һֶֻܱǽ͵͵Ľ
̹
ϷˣҼСһ޲ܡϷˣôãȾҼС㰡ˡ
ҪѸװΪѲѸ˲ֱͷСĺɰͷɶӡ
飬Ǵ顣
ƭѸ֣֪ƷԸ߽Ķ˼Ҳϲư֮Ӷ飬īֽٵءϷˣҼСһ⣬ǧƴǣСġ
Ѹ˳սɰСһΪ룬ôṼĺ⡣Ķ飬λҲգӾС㲻޽ƽްɡ
棿Ϸ˵ĿģͬҼСӵӣѡ
Ѹ֣棡СԾһǻģܸжû˱ȡʹˣϲʲôҪ
ԣû˱ȡǵסѸͰýӶˣǸգɼƸãͳ׺𣿡
ѸЦɵýз¶֪ߡҲ̫ЩļҵѾߣҵþŰݷһδ׼ҡ
ǡִɫɹҵѾߣݷþͲˣҲûʲôˡ
˵ʲôЦ
ʲôЦϷˣôˣǰһ̸̻ء˵׼׵¶ɣ˼Ȣǽõӡ
Ѹɫף֣ɰһأضţϷˣʲô
ɣִɫǸ¼Ů֧ɣѾȥգΪλ鲻ɢžȡҹ֪СǸŮ֧ӣţޣ
ڵϻæӣ⻰һ٣˿ڶ۾ӰӣͷŸɾ׼ԲѷҼС㡣
ᵽֲҵ͡ⰹһ֪֮ͲӦòϾȡѾˣҪղʱſϰݡҤҤԷǵȫôˡţ붼룬ֻ䵱λҰ
ټӣɰڵءһ߽ѸԴɻôȷ黹졣
ӣ㷽ͬҼСţΪԶš
ΪҲ֪СǸŮ֧ӣղȵɡȵġңȵ˱ضǣƨҸʲôȥӣΪηǵϾѸȻֹ
һԲ߽߱⿪ѸԽԽʹ
СӶ࣬⽥ƹӣϲϷ˼˳㰮ǮҸҡҿһôţź㣬ֻҪͬҼСšҸУأɡʾͷˡ
ӣɡŲʲô¼Ǳ˭ɾƵʮ걻Ů֧ԺǳëһĴŻʱҳ̶Ҷд֡㸧١ϡ˽
޸ԸҲ׼κֹ
ӱһֱߣѸ٣Ű˫ץȺҵŵءÿ˵һֺһ֡
֪ʲôʱ˵ģѸڵһˡ
䵹ҵȵĸֳױܺҡ
Ҵţ֧ԺǽϿŵȥȻߵӡ
ܵǮŶǽ£ڵ½Ӧ㡣
㣬˶ҵˣġ

 29 

ɫ԰ףһֱԼ˫ơ
㣬ôˣ
ػǮһǽһʲôʱºӣȼǽԺѶȡǽҾҪѸ֫ŤڴãѶϽ˼ȦϤľ޻ơ
һᣬֳ޾Ƶɱˡ
Ǯһʱʬ𼣣ܱǣڡ
𡣡
ǮָһŻƷֽ䣬ƷֽѸȼšȽȽǮͫףѸʬճʧ
ǮһӿƽĲгʱǷ˷ӽ˷ձʳζƮӡкЩͷԽԽƾɣż۸ɴֻĺ͸Ӽס
ǮǮҡ
Ǯȵݺ˯Ǯĸ˼ϴ·áϴľϸرаϲһֱЩҤ¥ݲҲûʲôסڼزپҵ
ʱһã˰Ƭһղ෹˵ĵ͵Ҥӡ
ǮҲһֱÿؼңǮǰڡִɫˣŻȥͻߡ
ڹ˲ôࡣ
صǮĸҤ͸ɾڼңǮ˯ĻǮ佫˽ӻԸ䣬˱ˮ
ڼʱǮ˯һŴ롮ִɫȫӣ׳Ǯķ䡣
㣬Щ𣿡
ˮů˷Ѫɫֲˣš
ʲô¶ˣΪʲôɱѸ
ٿ߬ӣˮ˼εϣǮüͷһ壬ʪæţ㣬Ҳֻ֪ʲôܸõİ㡣
㣬ˮ̣СȡһֱߣߣٸңòáǮϸ̼
ģ̫ʵ˵ġ
ڼɱңôǸɱˡ
˵ʧķ裬ˡ
ףƽض˱ͷëǣʩһ˵ֲʲô¶˭һҤ߶˲ˮСѾͷ
Сˡ˵޸ȣҰæٰˡҹҹ޵ĸγϡĿӰθҡ⼸һͷ·СڿޡСҶɽζΪԸ
ɹǮҶɽǮҲΪǣߣҸܺѧϰĿͨ˳Ϊ¡ֵһԱ
ǣȥѸȫҡеؽӴңһʼӦĺúõġͻȻӦСţͻȻͱԣ˿ڳС㡣ºݻ˵СⱲӱţ
Ǯ䰴סοԴǮţ𼱣£ߡ£һ˵
űԽԽ࣬ɱ˵Ŀ־ٵˣҵʱȫȫޣҲിС㱻ȫסססڡѸ죬һֱੲݵѹʱѾѸˡ
䣬ҲɱѸģҲ֪ô¶͡
Ǯ䱧㣬֪֪㲻ġɹǽܶɽֻҪϣǸǡǣ㣬ٻشңɹȳףСһúϲϲԵ
˵ʲô˼ָ´ڸǮ䣬Сͨ˽һӣԷҲЦ˯ҲЦѸľܾҡˣѵһλ̡
ǣָ㡣ɹɹûܴκ¶㣬Ϊ˲ˮѾߣԽˡ׻ɫ԰ףǮ޶ü˵һ˺ΪıƤĻԹ޽йߵΣɹ·ֹ¶ȥԹȣҪȺ뱲ڶɹλ밮Уʹ࣬㣬Թȣ𾴵ɹȥɶȵĺޡ㣬㱾ĩãס
ر뷴ſȴ޻˵
ֵķ֣Ǯ˵ǶԵġ
һҭܿ죬۴ޣ
ҺȡСôõ˲ʹȪƾʲôϲϲ׹ӡүϹ̫ƽˡѸĲģֻ죬һѣôء
Ǯסļ򣬡㣬һֱ̨ɹûȥȼңҲûʲôѸûѸ
䣿⻰ʲô˼
ǮЩգʬ塣Ѹʬ嶼ûˣ˭֪ȥĶˡ㣬ԼԼ
ͷ΢̴㣬ʱе

 30 

ǮȰڼЪϢѸ¶ȥƽվͻᡮִɫ
ȥˣСڡִɫΨһɣʧȥִɫԲκ塣ȥˡ
ãǾͲȥ㣬ڼչ㡣Ǯڴϣӣʱ䷢ô¶㲣Ưˡۼ˰ɣϢһ
һֱץǮ֣˯ȥǮסš
ͳһСУץһڷſڡ˸֦լϺ·˼֩˿ϡ
ǮĸǮǡײǮšҤǮ˶¾ơ
䣬ڼҰ˺öߡ
һ¶Ҫ죬԰ɡˣ˯ţ㿴š
ǮĸԵС˳ӣһ紵ݶ¹һ˫ŮǮ˵ʲôʲôáãһš
Ǯŵĸףٻŷ̫ƽҹźλСǰˣ񣬲񡣽嶼ãúտš
áá
Ǯ¡֡
¡ֲٰɥ¶˾֪Сزã⼸Ǯ䶼ܺæǰæ
ܺɹһδɥһеδְӢڹƨɺתץסһлᾡܵĳЦ
ܺæĽͷö¡תûʱ廳ʹɡ
ִ壬ˡڱΪ˵ãͷʹܺǮ䳬ת״̬һиûͷƵǮϣң̱ˡ֪رܸɣһ£ˡ
Ǯʦܺᣬʦִ֮ԡйͺšִ塯
Ǯûն֣һ˫۸ܺķҾܾҵģ˲󼺡
ǣִ壬㡣ȥɻ̫ͷġܺ˫ɨǮ䣬ˣ̱ڵϡ
Ǯֱܺᣬָǿշȼ̴סɢƱǼ⣬ǸˡܴüȨʹҲÿաʦҾ壬Ÿ
ƻ㣿ܺɫĪǮһѾ
ƻҤӣ̸ŮӣЩӺͿЩ˳ɾͺ¶ܺտǼ꼸סҤ˼κˡĹûζ
ͽҾͰߡܾ㻹Сû뵽һζôˣ㶼Ů˵ˡʱ㳤ҲˡܺȰŮԽԣϸӾԽ°ŸΪʦȰ㣬û
Ǯû˵ܺƱ߶߶ܾþ߶߶ǵɫԽء
ǵÿ˸׷ŮˡһͨŮӲףҪú׷ϧԶԧ졣Ǯִ壬ã˭Ķɼȴȵƻ㣿
ƻƻǣʩĪҲӡǰձƴ赶ɱʧԪˣаү־ɢʱһƻĺ󾢶ҲɢĲˡôһڷµ飬һǧ𣬸ߵҤӶٶ
ǻееƮ󾢶ˡ
ҽؼңŵˡٻб𴩵һ죬滰ᡣǮ˵һ滰
ܺǵźãʮʧǼҳܻڡձҪǵִ壬͹
ȷǱߡ
Ǯִδ̨һۣϵǰɡԹԹг𱨳𡯵¹Ҳ²µа˳תƵϡ
Ȳþǡ
Ӣ͹ܿ͵ˣܺ𿴹ܡʮӢֱϿСŰ幫üҲɢɾ
ִ壬ǲǰ˼ˣôӡܺüСǮִҧ䡣
ִʵתһֲ
Ӣ˵ᣬ˸ϢձһУ¡һ
񣺡ձáƻ㡯ȡϡʮҳͼƵһͳҪϢһϢһǸùձȫ̽䡣ǰ켸żٵġʮҳ򶾻ɱ˿ûǸá
ձֲɵշٵġʮҳһ۾ͱʶˡ
ӢĹ񣬡͸ȫ棬ôȫļ١ᣬСŰرŰ壬¡ֱûİã鷣СΪġʮһǰ顣

 31 

ʲôܺĿɿڴ
֮ǰ¡ֱұֺܸߵСǰСλߡȻСǰϲϣĺѡ˴һܺǲԾùʦܺѿ
΢һ룬ûٶʦּʹСǰ
ʱԼѡ
׾ˣСᡢҾ֪Сԭ¡ֱҵǰǮ乪ҾȴǲۣüĿ£ܺµǮִǰ
ǮȴԸλиǰһΡ
ˡ
Ǯ䣬ӵһ˲䣬ǮʵĵܺһǴ˺Ǯճɾ;ֹڴˣִʣǿǽղ¡ֱҲػꡣӢꡣ
¡ַּҳɰǧņ̀һҡĸּҳһܽҵģüꡣ˵һӭ㡯൱ߵ
ɵϣʱص㶼ʣֵܺš
ӢŹܺصüԹ񣺿˰ɣССȥ¡ֱ㡣ܺ᣺֪СŰţ˰ɣ˶ˣûۼҵϣȥ̣ѧǵ
ܺıȻյû⡯
Ǯ˵ǰˡִۣԲ׾ˣϻþǰʮֽīɰֽɰв棬īԭȱʧʮǰѲ
޷Ұɡī¶Ѳ
֦ͷǮĸϴһչһԺ
ҹ紵Žա
ôˣҲ˯жʱˣӦò⡣
Ǯĸж˼ױӵͷţԿš
ʮľͷģƽ֨죬ټ˰ȥǰһᾪ
Ǯĸ˸ǷԿװ˯
ʱ
繵Сһ˵Ľֵ˳Ŵ࣬Ůң컨ţ𳤷Ҫޡ
ʼ˯Ĳȡ
˭ҵĹһ¹⴩͸սڣȴһˡ
ţһ˳ȥ
ȸ
۾ǴЦŸ߸أżС

 32 

ֳ⼸ȥĶ˸ţӢǮܺỻŸ
·ϴʲôϡ䱦
Χֻ̨ɹ·ǳࡣһ˸ŮܸŲǷˣȥá
ֳǶôںǴĸ군ˡ
ǷǳԾĶط
⼸ֳ˯߲㣬ȦҹмҳԵģŵӢ򷭡
Բط£±ʣءɢ
ֳ˺ϱĻƷԹӢֱ߽ҿһʳ
˹ˣô¡֣ȻһʣûС
Ŀɨ˼ȦͣӢǰ࣬촽ˮԶڣʲôܷܲһ
ӢòȽǽɪɪܾ˳Բ˵û˲ܡ
㣬˹;ҡ
׻ɷ࣬Ǹ¹ģֳֳ㲻ܴͦ𣿡
סڣҲܽеģŶ죬ӢƿƤ͵飬һűĵϸߵİȴضֳҹ˯װˡڸ֫ӲҨ͡
ֳʿˮ۰Ͱ͵ĳţֿƲסʣΣ𣿡
ֻа룬½սѹԡӢߵҲԣûˣһβʣ
ֳȥҵԵģˡ
׼Ҳ˵ûˣһβʣô
ƭ¡ôĳҲһܳԵĶ㲻ҪΪҶ鲻ڲҡֳйˡ
׼ƾ㣬ֵҷǸĭӢ˿ûбеĶӣɫƣղŵȥĶǰôֳĻڷ˵㲻֪޵߳ԵĶࡣ̨ĿֻᡢǮҳ졣СŰһʳ룬ҵҸҲˡ
⼸ֳָʹ÷˸ӶĿŴҹʧҲ֮ǰֻ㲡
޵߳ԵĶࡣҲ˵ĵ
۲ܾˡ
ӣôˡһȥ
Сҹ⣬ϴЦֻ˼絲޳мϸָۣ·Ѳ³ղʲôֳһЩ
ֳȹ˫ȼȾͷס̨⼸գԽϵó˯ţҵԵġ
ƻߣȥƻ
Ŷ
һ࣬Ż̨
Ӣ˵״̬žŻ޿ɺǡӣ̫˸˵ֳס˳Ҳе

 33 

ԹӴ֮ң裬Թǰ
Ӣʼ磬ǣҸûôõĽ飬衣Ҫ㣬Ȼϣֳо֮ʲô¶һԹԹг𱨳𡣡
رתҾл΢ҡձһ죬ӰΣиˡл
¶ﶼŶ塣˵뷿֮±ó̯ϣ˶мԡֳȻƽ̸һ²ؼӡ
⼸ֳķǳȤʱ䶼ڿƷΨһþĴžǴ֮¶ʼǹп컨ĥʱʱ󲻺ͷر̲ʱüʾ
һΣ۵ɪƤϵЦ
챡Ƶʹ컮ãһ˫ۺڵĴ⡣
ֳ۵ԼҷǱʱҧĴǷ಻֪
Ժֳ;żȻҲãʶҲա
ܵʱġ
ʱʵֳһΣȻܺùһ
ڲ˳⡣
ݶɽʱͻؼңϵͷɽ
׼ٴ죬һĲյһɶÿ࿸һĲؼҡ
ݶҧһ˸ߵĲ˹Ŀһϸϸ顣
۸һͷҲصܣ߶Զ߶ԶҿͻӦ㡣
һ̥ģΪʲô׳ͷţݶޣ٣ͻȻӺſ˸Ĵָϸף磡
ţͷ
ϸûˡ
֪ǲۻղ㲱Ͽ˸ݶ۾ԽԽȷԼû²ȥ죬ϰ˸⣬һ鿴
ֹ˵˼ŤСϱܣ֪ҳĺＢʳ˾ˡͲ˰ɡ
ʲôһݶЦָһƤһŤҹʱҾͿǸʱ˯Ժˣգ϶ġ
磬ĪҪ֣ݶԶƽ͡һֱܺòӦһ̥ĥߴ
ŤĲͷ´ݶӳݶûô¶ֽųΡ
ҰĻۣԼͼһܻؼˡ
ҡҡͷۿߡ
磬˵ģҽ⿪ݶȰæ֪Ϊʲôܾ¶ͺܿɿ֤Ҳˣ磬ĻȥʴҲˡ
ͷҲأ뿪
ûһӭ˸̬ӵձͷŰ˸ߵ
ˣ˼ʸ·ƽôߣҪȥҸˡ
Ҫȥƽأ߷ˡ
ձָ·˵顣ĩ˼ʹԴͷƬҶ֦Ϊʻͼձ
˼ңǲסͿһᵽ
Gл㰡ˡձΡΡֽӹ
˿ɫ²ڵ·һ࣬һձϥأƽ˵ԶŲ߹ȥ춼ҪˡұһΡ
ձһָɿſϣǶൢ¶⻹ҪôΪ˼Ҷܷۡ
ձ䣬ڱᣬһ޻ز˶١
ް֮иСջҵĽų̸պÿԸ̫³ǰǶ˼ЪϢһڶٽƽءɽƽػеģôˡ
ãǾͶлˡ˼ҳ˰ձ˵ðһ£˭
¶ĻּҴңܰؼҡ
˼һȥƽشݡ
ĸ˳ͷɽＯǮһܸɵȥƽӣȥ˰æʱԷֱϻü·һˮȡſר˸ִ빩ˮ
û˽ĲϿ˸ձ˵
Ųһ٣ЦҲܵЦˡӰͻȻ֮˵û׶ĻΪڲҿҳ󣬵ƫҲŲܣô˵
ձЦһƤӺһ㣬Ӵǿطݳһȥɡ˼ָ£ⲻǸô

 34 

һ㶣ǹձֻצһס罫˦ȥˡ
ˣ˼һ°СˤȥϹͷǺáߣ·ƽҲȡ
ľ𷽲źԵʲô
˼ҽŲȴᣬƮ·ϡ
·ܶԭ˼ʧˤһƣ˼Ҽŵƽơ
ӺζôãҾ֪˼ңʶ㣬֪ҲзŪ
зǰаĵˡͨഫȾȺͨΪޡֵܡá֢״֣ˣ˼Ҷһ䣬ʮڿмʲôɵˣ
Ψһǽȡ
ձЦӣѾѡˣǰƾӵϡ˼Ȱȥ̽һ£鷳ˡ
üֻ˼⺦ҡⲻܣԩ޳𡣡

۾ȷϣƭ㡣ձ̽һͭǮСĺӣ͸壬СϺһᡯĨ۾ϣῴĶ
ͷɽǰջձΡΡŲȥһţͷ˼ʱǰƽأԵҲ
ͷһ˿ٹʧ
ˣȻôñ䡣
оͭǮСĺӡ
̽ӣͻһȦۡӶС
ӣȥҡ
ǰȥһң̧ױ
·ܺϡ
˰ûţھó
ھüѸӦڣҲãΪеĳͷѾڴ
ԲסԲסȷ˵ҵܵܣ͵ӡðû˿ţŴŵ㡣ԼֵĹԣر𡣡
·ģˣһҲҪڡ
ھӰưͽ¹ӣǽһ磬ƴǵԴǣǵźȿˮ
ȥ¡֣ȷ⼸Ƕ˵ҪŪʲôʫʻ壬ˣ˵ĶҲھ˵ҪҸ㻭ͼʲôġ
ллˣ¡ֺܺҡ
ǰȥһ¡ָ֡ĸйϵ͵¡ѧϰʱֻһˣֶǰμѹھߡһ˻ϲϲ¡֣ǱͻȻϢ˵ڶһѧӣܺ⣬ͺִ壬߿Բˡ
鲻˵ǰܼһּҶⱳʮӵľծ
ΪԼ·û뵽һŷַĲᵭʱ衣
ͬߴĽЦһ仰Ĺ˵ǧٱ飬ˡ
ƤĨˡϺһᡯͨһ£˵Сá
ȺֳܿıӳĴҵܵܡ
ڻϲֳ߼ֱجΡ
ǰطڣûԵȥ
Ƽʲô
һͷӴȵƤң

 35 

ܣôˣֳϲ
ԼЦ⣬ˣ㣬ժĹӺ𣬸ͽһЩûˣھӸľҺ֣ܰлл
ϲ㲻ҷ񡣡
š٣ֻϹЦ
ôã˰ɡɫװ¡̽ҹҡҷӰӻεķ飬ֳӹӣסһޣؼҡȣ𣿡
Ȼ
ȸӸߣ˸еһ϶µѹȸС
ȲԸڣȥ֪ܹӣܵķͰһ࣬ǽ̸ɺá
ð
ֳӴųĸ첲ӵϣŹȦ˵ɣʲô¶
ûʲô
˼ǰšձûкɣȴпг𡣡Ϻһᡯ˲þܿ벻Ķǲ˵֪ǾͶˡ
⼸ģ˭϶¶˵ܣʲô¶ܡ
Ҿ˵ˣ㣬ɱ¡׼ӲŵѾ˼ô˵ԡϺһᡯ㣬ǸƤ
ѽ¶ԭԭ˵һ顣
ȴһ˿⣬ԽԽƽͣЩظ
Ϊֳ㣬һ˼˵ҾͲƭ㡣ֳָĨϺһᡯҲͬȥ޵ʲôӡ
ܣæˡȣƤֳɫ˵Ҳڳǰһ׽ʧɽδ޹㴩ȵĿӽʬꡣһȾТԼǰԸ
֪ƤȻסҪˣ޹ôãĶɺϵδȡ֪ǽŪ˼ҵƤҴ㣬һؼң̫Σա

ֳ۰ܵãʱŽȫ
ʲôѾ޸ˡء˶ˡһôءֳ˵ӦẦҵġܣҪϵķһʱתƵϡɹɥһ㲽󳾡
ֳĬãָϲĽС
ձ˵ǶԵġ
ؼұؾ֮·Ϸţ˭ŵ
˵㣬ܵĳ̫һʱתʱҾһ
ҲáܹˣϢɡҾסڣ¶Ѱҡֳ˵˳һˣ̴ӡ
̴Ӷˮ룬˵ܹ֮д͡
û˺κ˳¡֡
⼸ɣȺﲻ̴СͯǶࡣûע⵽ֲʮ

 36 

һӰϢéСջ
ջéݲ߰˼䣬ǽֱ˷ԺӵȦĺܴҹڷߣ·;ƣ¿ż˻
ǽԺӣձסļ䡣
˳߼ӣСûУͷˮưСס
һţŸɲζǻ
ǽһӲ崲м֧һĽǲƽľӣŤŤһһԷźֽûеӣԭºú̸ֻա
ձ˫ּ£ȣŲ֪ҥ
Ϊܡ
ôձƽ˯ҲΪ
˼ңּˣԵ˵
źߣ˼׼ϣ㿴ʲô
һͷӴ˵Ƥңûʳˡ˵ҵĽ򡣡
Ŷܸʲôۣˡֱԣǵõƣûҿ۵ĵط
֣̫࿴֪ԼƳĺãܺõ˼Ҵ࣬Ҳе㷴θ
㣬ûڿ㡣ԺֻػձЦ㵽޷Ҫ˼Ұæûóֵĳ룬ҪΣ㱳һ̵ķϣҰһ̡
ﾲ˼룬ձĬϣӡһ仰˫ĿЩ
߹ϴձͬɣ˫Ŀ͸ݶʲô˼ңӷ㶼ڿʲô⼸ʲôÿġ
ձֻẒֵ̌߼ҾÿôÿƲĪζҪôʡԼ׾ҪôȳôУ㿪ľͺá
üһҾˣݻǺܳиֿݡ
ǰݲÿΪҪձӣǳϡ
ڿ˼ңٲСϺһᡯϰ˳׷ټ֮󷨣͸ҵۣ㿴뿴ġǽĸɣֱס˵Ĳӡ
ձͷ£ƿ߹Ƥ
һأжܿʲô㿴˼ң㸶˼˼
ŶҸʲô⣿ձȤζ
ȡ
㲻ԹƤö֮򡢺㣿ˣøлңھ㡢
Թʲôá㵱ƤǷƤǽ򡣼һҪŵģ׼㶯
ձЦǸˡϺһᡯ˼ҶʩһؿѾˡһӽǣһͬսұ㱳һ̵Ķݡ
¡֡
̨
һţһԴšȰ·ɥȪ鷳ǣձ֮
ֱֱֳ֡

 37 

ΰСƤ׷ձж쳣Ѹ٣Ӣὣӭȴ˸գձƮСƹӢֳ
ָצֱֳ̽һġ
ֳȴ̫ˣֻܿ顣
Ҫ
ı
СŰ壡
Ӣǲͬʱһ֧ͨīźıխƽʹձƫ빥
תŵ˲ɽסձ
˽̶ֳ֣ȵĹԵסձһ
ֳȥȡ
һգ۹ӢĬѣʼչ֯ܲ͸İΧȦƺձ
ձһж·磬˳ʶݽ״̬
ɡ
Сּ꣬ˡϴһ¡˼ҵĿֻǸС
Ӣ͹Զֳһ١
ǲߣձ⻰һںòѹסķձӦ
亹˳Ŷͷ䣬ֳŴ˫߬𡣾ʹʶжѣ˱ԭء
ǸˣȻһֹϣżҲôһЩʱҪȥ
ǣͷӣҪ˭޹ء¡ֲŮӣϾϡôôӢƸ붯¡⽿С㣬ʹλʹе
üͷס
⽣Ӱлܷһ˿Ӣôÿ仰˵ǸС
ŶǲȡˡڹձȦ
Ӣ͹ͬʱľֳߣҪͷ
һ
ֳݳʹࡣ
ձ΢̧ӳһظOO@@ߣȦڴС׽ֳӡ
Ӧٻصձߣָ΢ֳ̧ʮ׺ӵϰա

ʹ࣬ӷͷڣձԽԽԾܸоƤ챻
ֳ˫ץӽҵȴ޼¡
ס֣
ס֣
Ӣ͹Ƹͣձڷ˼СϻۣȴѪ
һۣͬʱԷеǡƸѸͣв²֤
ԣ̽ĵطû࣬ͱȥͱֻǿܣµİܡ
ǰձĸ߼ʩԶչһܣͬģͬ˼ά֪ͬһ̶ϴﵽһʱرõ֮һ
׶Ҳء
ܲǲˣֻʱ˺Ĵ档
ܿݣдۣƣĴ˺˫
翴ͷӲ˳ۣΪ۾ҲøȥСŰ壬׽ԲҴûӮ㣬ˡ
šڵأƤʹϢϤھһ˷ɢѰۡ
Ӣὣձ
Сеѧʶһϳ㣬ҪҪͽܣΪʦ㲻ձͷ¡
ǺĴ֮塣
ɽƽһˮĲӣһ³Կǳסһʱա
ҪҾܾУӰ¡ֵȥҲϲУҷ͡ΪαҡӢһ¶
֮һ㣬ΪӢһձսĲ¡
ʵǲϧ̫С꣬Һ㡣˼ٴͽܡձ۷⣬º飬һƽӢ׿Ż졣
ޣΣչʵǶԶֵءлл㰡ͷӡӢȫˣΡΡվȫ־ᶨǸֳס㣬ĽΪյֽ
Ӷܾ˵ʧǼٵġ
ձתʣµֳϣֱַġָצᴩֳ
ֳʹƺߣЦ˼ңϵˡ

 38 

䲻һʱȴѡձǸ޸֮ŮӾСңʧ󡣡
ձָᴩСצȴһ
ѽ
Сﾹ÷ԼϿձִƷ꣬δ˸ô
Ƭָ̣΢̧ʮֳȫ٣ȴ˸ա
Ȼû
ձһ˫ڵ˷ܣ಻סɱ۵׷ζСƫ棬еʶҳԡ̷ĵ˺ֻܶ࣬ˡϧǸŮӣ֮¡ɽ
ȻôңαطҪɱҡСҲ·ʯݣΰ˼·ҳʲôˣԩ޳𣬱˼ɸӡ
ձ޼εһãСαԷƱĿǰ˼һɱ㡣˸ѶԸ
⻰ġСŽڼû֪ԼϾ˶ٻɱйȥ׷ţ뺣׷
˼ңųˣĻһЩûĶϿ׶ģҪİɡǷԭˣȻ֪ˡ
ӡ֤Ļһ㣬ƤӦ˿׶ģ糤
ֳ㶳ľͷӢŸʲôʲôжȫкҳŲ̫á
Ӣ𾪲ѡ
ʵһʼƲֳɱĴ׸ˣòҲޣɽܰȵôһ׸ˣϹĿ࿴
ûʲô飬¡۷糾ŮӲƿԣСų׻ŵò֪ȣ˷ʱһὣɨϳΣͷҲ·ȴᴩȫƺձΪ͹ȡʱ䡣
˵ˣֳ㵹ǰһɱͷӡ
ӢὣУŭӴս⣬ȾѪͨ죬֮ȼƽл֡ձֳг㲻ԽԽ࣬·硣ƽлٺɫߣ١
ԶƤƿ˫Ŀȴûо۽īɫ⿴Ϸλҵˣ
ᵶܱ߱ߣĿĵǳСƿջ
ܵĹܼޣڱһҲڿٽӽӢ۳ꡣƷ֪ǧ٣ձŭЦҹţȤ̫Ȥˡ
յֻʣ°أ
ӢסӣˣСƿջ빫͡
ܣ꣬˶ƾӼͷ׶ǻģ糤پϸĲ˵ʱһش˼̫ˣСĶˣ
һͬΪɻңֳ㱣סСΡΡ˿ŵҩͽ̱Դ
˼߹ˡԼҲ˵׶ǻģ糤ܲ޵߶һûŮôõֳĻÿ˵һ֣ձԽϲ
鲻ǿǣҷηϿȼ尾Ȼȥ޿Ȼ׷ֻʣҲ֪ȥĶˣܸоǻڡʲôţ֮ض
ձ壬ﵹƴССֳ˼ΪǸҿۡⲻɾ⣬һ⣬˭
ֳ

 39 

ܻΪɻҡ
ҩ븹ΪһԴԴů硣
ֳ棬ͱٵô˼˿ڶȻʹʹġ
ʯͷ˻ʯͷһƬɻӭҡҷ̲浴ɢ˵ĵӰ·˿ڴմȾѪָͷȥȴ˿ڡ
ֳ㻹Ǹ
ձС۵󴧽ɰɱеǷϲСֽšСƤǳʶ塣
ϢƽֳϥվСƿջ
һСƿջ
ɫȫ֮£һϮɫⱳһ֧ëʡ̤Ұɸ߸ϸջ
ɲȡ
ӡ֪
šջΧǽַ¡ֱ޼߷ơ﹫λ¡ֱ֮ף̶ֳȵǽӦѲ㡣
ʩۣټջΧһϤĽɫġȷʵͬͬԴ
ԵʣһתסõĽɫɲǼ侲ֹһ룬м
ѽ﹫ӵиǿߣҲ֪Ҫﴵõ硣
أɫһǫ鹧ЦĹ۾ʡ
УΪôԽ
һȽ֣ʶʵһɱƫһӡʮ¡ֱǽ¡ֱ˽١
﹫ˣȲһССλҰ¡ֱǰΪЦ󷽡
񲻵òָ۴䱸¡㿪֮ţ˵ǰ¡ֱһ̽ǳ
ȼ¡ֱҲδɡ빫ͬʱձסС䣬һ仰ŵִץȴزȥ﹫ӴɲˣȲһλҰⲻа¡΢ģ¡βŹȻҰӣȻͬˡ˫ƴܾˣаΪԸΪ¡հᰲá﹫ӣһԡ
ȷϣ͸ףһӲ崲ϲû뵽ԼС
˼һתձǰծ
˭ծձüë̫βǰһüӾͿ
Ҽӵծ
˭ձĵƤǸͷӿλϲˡ
ֳ
һŴͬʱձã٣ý粨Ⱦϴ
ȣˣǾͳ̫Сˣûأΰ˭ͷϡ˵ͷܽԣ
þòߣȣֻ˸šձ˫һֻɽžʿһ޴֮Ϊõģ֪ĵϸ²ǵƹײİѽ˼ˣɽžʿĶĹײİ壬ʬ޴ˡ
ձԲӡȲһ粻ֲˣ˵ʲô˵ڻޡȻϳ˿Ӧ֪ʧȥģ㼼˵֮ӦǫʡĻʻ𡣡ȵֱԺˡ
ˣ˵Ǿǣ㵱Ȱɡ֪Ǹͷƭ˱ˣƭҡձۼţϢ೤빫࣬ò͸ֳ˼ֳڴ·ߵĶڳֽѵ㣬Ϊ㲻˳ۣһνѵһΡ
ĵС
ձҵˣһ¡ֱ޼ΡһݲҴ⣬ֱָձֻһָ뵶жݽӣȥ絶С
ձָצ米ŲƮ빫šˣزصģƾ°ɡ
һ֪ΪʲôͷӾ̲ס𡣡
ջձ
СǸ֣

 40 

⡢ȫǰܡ亹ݾ
¡һܶͷƤп죬ʵĹձȻ
ˣֻҪڣ븴ƶپж١ָ΢һʻƺձƣ֦Ϊ
﹫ӣĪţžͻ׸
ߣ죬ȴһù
жò˿־֮¡
Ĺձܱˡ
ʱ䣬ȵķˮ©Ƶȱ
ձȫſһŴջסܲ͸磬зѪ⡣ȣ䷢˿ѡ
ӣл
ڻһˣ侲ǣƫÿҪЧ뵶ײʳ״иһʱ뽺š
Ӣһϯ´׹ʯѹ˫Ժʮס
ס񣬶ָüģīɫſѹһ۾ڹձߡ
ǡ
¥
սĿϾӣ⽣Ӱһľһ¡˳˵һ£´Դɫȥײһ̻ÿ
Ȼˣ
˿ԽԽ࣬ͷǺĹձһͷ
룬̫ˡ죬Թ
ͣҾͲˣŹձҡȻڴò׼޳ȥôôһȢģ˽ҴҪô죿˼ңұһ̵ķϣ㣬Ҵ㰡
δ䣬һѪǱꪼٱƽ顣ͬſջ״ƺǱꪣۿԺᴩ
壬ͣ¶
ɫǱ֮Ǯִüˣһ񡣡
Ӣὣ֮ҵյ׷׶䣬׺䣻һֻﵹӳȫ߲֣ձصȫΣǮִǹĵָĶĶ
ձͣս˳սֱɱˣɱ£ôƫСӡѰˡ
ȣ°ɣ
ֳϣӢǮִǰŵӢǽϿĶ
ָһ򶷣ȴˡ
ֳĻûü£¥ֶȻĵɤ۶ܣ
һʱ۶ﲻǮִ塣
Ǯִ嶷ı䣬֤ǮִǿӮ˺ܶΣӮĲӮˡӮ壬¡ѡǮִ
Ǯִƣˣ;ԼС
Ҳ˼ˡ
Ǯִ壬ҪɱҡͷӢ͹ûǴλ¡оصԱƻǮִ壬ôŬ¡ƲҡҴӲñһܰɣӮҰӸ㡣
Ҫʲô˵ʲôֳ

 41 

һҪսǮִۣ˽һ
һִǱꪻΧһ˲Ϊ̶˲֮ڽʮء
Ǯִ岢ȫȷʵԼܺĺˡԴˣ޻˵
Ƴ˺һƻǮִʮɣǮִ壬α¡ֽ࣬ͽ̸һױһ׵СоᡣʹһбǱꪵļĶȥˡȻѶɱģںα̬
һָ飬㣬ձƭҲϺһᡯʱʩҵ˫ң˫Ŀ˫ַϡ
첻֪ⷬǮִΣǱꪽɣ㲻Ҷ֡αؿŰҲ˼һԡ
һ֪Ǯִ̬Ķ˲
ֻ̬ⷬҾαǮִ㣬ȻΪβ˵࣬رҵĶǣ᲻áеҪһС̶ɲ̬ⷬһܸ㡣
ֺ飬Ǯִ屻ȫܿ죬Ǯִ循ȵķʵٲ
¡ֿаȺۣ͸ʵΪⱻˢ죬Եӿᰮ¡ֿŲο飬б߰ҳ䱦׽ôЩ껹ٰ㻨
˷֣ԽȥǮִԽ塣õĶĵȴмƣϷչơӻʤձȡ
¡ָջкεΪ
һǱϳ롣
ˡǮִ˫ϥǱꪣĶվҪȥȴ޿κΣǮִ˳¡֣ǱꪴӽУԴ
ӮĲɡǮִԶʤӮ鹦ʽռϷ磬ֲ˸Ĳࡣ
˭ϡҪĶ浱ǼõġҰ㣬֤¡ֿ¡ֵʧôЩ깣ͷÿÿܵĶһɨɾܺ
֪֮ǿǮִ塣˫򶷹̫ؾɰܡĿĿǮִ˦һء
֡
һԹսܺæܹǮִ壬ϵĵҩҪǮιִ壬°ɣĪҪ˵̵ҩΪʦ˹ˡ
Ȼһζܺῴ¥һȴվڳ˵жǳһ˶ƻһʼ
£Ǯִ嵱ԥʱִɫѾһӡΧǰ潣³Ǯִ岻ܽ㲽󳾣̧ͷӡ
ʦҽ㡢ҽǮִսܺ첲һ˫۾ضŷ˫͵ǹձֻ¡ֱҹ
ͷû߹κˣĽܺᡣ¡ֹյ죬̨緢ܺ˼ֱ˧ըΪ˺ĽͬһƬգƴϰ
С꣬ʧ䡣ձڶ¥¥⿿ϥƷ°ͣϢǶ֪˶á
һûУ㿴ˣ˼Ҳˡ
𣿿һҪ޳ģձЦ˼ˣ˵ᡣ㲻Ҫʦɣ㱳һ̵ķϣ˼ΪͽΣ
ƤЦûһ滰пӣҪ
Ӣ˿ǮִǰصͽıƽϤĽ̵һҪǹ˰
ӢһͬԸܡնе뵶ƵײȻ𻨣ڶҹиս˽в֧
ձ̸ѣòλСӼСܡ˽ͱСӲ졣ɺã
á˼յͽȻҪࡣձֵ㲻ǲʶֳɺˡȣĺѵĺѿۡ
ȹ㽻£־߽ͬǺѡҶĿͬһѲΪЦ
ŶʲôͬĿ꣬Ҿ֪ձ
ҵɽǰնʧһ˵ǡֳָ֪ܷ·ȵ
ձӺú˼һҡͷҲͬĿ꣬³ɺ޷һѡ
䷭תָëʻǵؽΧסձ˸־Ŀƫ⡣б޼Ŀͬġ
Ӣһ٣ֱʾ亹ֱ
Ҫá޵޼һͣҲǲУ˿޼ˮƽܷķڷձſֽԴд֡ĸȡáһɫͷǰͷİ֣ôĵֽܴʮ㡣
ձ˺ֽұۣұӦ˿ڡɫ䣬ָ⳯һ㣬޵ܲ͸Ĳձ
Ӣ壬гֻͻȻΣ󳷱عձߣͬƳļһڱǰʳѪģ
ֽȱۣұ۱ϵڵء
ձɫ԰ף͵ĶܻЩԲټϰܵ˫ҲΣ
򣡡ֳһСɷף۵Ľ˼ң㲻˺ҽ㾹ȻñдֱֵۡҽԺӼˡ
治ɫָ̧ͷƬ־ۼ˫޵⼯һ㣬ָ°Ͱ׷Ĺձ
ѣһԣһĿ컹Ƥ񿸵ס
ģշųΪ̫ࡣΪԼǵȫʢ״̬ձĬãգɫվֽˡƽ֡
ףˣѡ
䡣Ϊһռ˶⡣С۾һʱһֱ˼Ƥӵ¡ձЦһ˫𽥷췢̣ƻȣһʱһ֪Сʲôʱųܱͱһ
ۣܹձǰ
ģᣬɫͷ͹ˮƤƴż˿⣬ݲѿʱǸӡ
ֳ
ĵ黹Ƿˣ粨Ⱦ϶ˡֳһԹԼΪ
ֳձ⼸ϣ˫ϥһ޿κأ˼ңҷ򸾶˵㣬ѰҲҲճҶǡ޹ģŹˣŹ
㣬׼ۿļѪһʱֲ֮ˡ
˼ң˥һ̣㲻м𱨡ԹµСˣձҵţһҪɱ㡣˫ָɹ״𣬳˲Լۿڳӡ
ѪѶ¡
˵ҵ۾ۣۡѻ٣ʲôвҽ򡣡̫ۣЦѿ˵Ķ϶ȴ
˽һ㶡
ֳ󺰣ǰһڵȥ뻳У°ͷͷο
һǰȫȫ޲ΪȪΪƤвԻ˫ĿľٶֻΪĽ
ܺסǮִ硣Ի˫Ŀֿұۣ˶ľĻԼ
ӢһܺᣬϧϧȷʵǸӡܺᵱӱɽסˣŴôһ֮ɳԽˡ
ٽܺȫ
ȴ塣ϣҵСȻ£֪ԸԸͽ
˼ƫԸձָѪðۿԽ룬ƫҪۣжд̡˼Ҵһ˫ۣ㲻Ե±Թ
ձΡ˫ָȥ
һ㶣ͻȻһֻ۴СĿ׶ָϡ
ձ˦֡
ػڵϡ
ЦҺ㲻һСͽԶۻۡл˫ۣǸıꡣ
ձһֱݿĳ츳ꡣĿȥֳ
һһδϲԼϿΪܸܵ˿÷ɷʤ
ִƵĶϲͣ»
̫ڴˣмϲ֪ġ

 42 

ָϷԹֳ쳣Ѹ١ڶ۵ð
ձָָͷǺʹС
糤Ψһ֤Чķǳ׾ĸձǯס°ͣʹ̧ͷԼڶѪǶ˫ٺɫӣðŻѪ⣬С꣬ʻպϣϧ̫ãڳ˼ΪΪͽ˫Ҫʦص
ձһɣƲһϣ˫ʹƺߡۿȣ˫ӿջӡ
ȼ㺦ҵָʱһ֮࣬ٹƽͽԹޡ
ձ½ֲָϵѪۡеʱˣѪɺԣײձüͷԶͭӿӽʪϹһΪ֣ͣ˫Ŀ޾۽
ձźƺ쾭顣
Ǯִһ˲óõ˿ڣ㣡
ˣܺȣǮִȥˡ
ѡȵ
ձִϣûھ¶ҲõʰǱ˵࣬ǶԿ˵ء㲻Сʱ䶼Ұɡ
Ȼǡ⡣
߳źˣձֱߺߡһܴү𿴳һ㣬ź˵һףձİŮ
ȵһѣǸȱ첲ȶĲм϶ָҶһۣұȽϿҲòмõȣҾֱˡ
ѣҵɽǰնʧһ˵ǡֳָ·
ձǱŬŬӣ˼ҵɽʱսѾɨϣɨô¡һƺǡ
ɽԲûкۼ͵¡ֱҽдֻСС¡ַּҹ¶пûȨҲܺ
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㣡˱ߣǮִʹԼס㣬ָץֱݽձҾԻҵ㣬ҽ㻹
ִ壡ܺᰴסǮִ塣
ӣתһлʡ
ӣձӳʧְӦ׷¡ֱӾɥ񲻵òһ¡ֱϴȻʬ֮£˵Ϊ¡հͬУһ¡ֱҡ
ʬ岻ɫĽɸṩѰʬ巽ûоܾɡ
ȴ֮
ֳֳ䣬ڻ̨
ӢԼԸ֣ȲܹأԼչˡַġ
ǣʲôܡСܱһˣȴôáڵߵ·һͰֳӳȥǳ̫ˡԸԼĸ߹㿸һӡ
ӢףʾȽ˷ŵϣɲصŮбֳӡǳǱ
ȵлء
Ӣʼ磬ʡ
һ˻ص̨
ֳǮִ˺أĽˣԲѡȼ򵥴˿ڣڴǰչֳܺΧǮִתźӢ̱Ϻߺ󡣽һսû֪õֲס⼸춼ò˽
ӢƤʹ⼸ǿף浱Լǿ޶֣һսָ֪ýˡ
ܺᣬ˵
ܺŹһ·ּҴ塣һϤ˼ſͣ½Ų
ⲻֳᣬǰʲô
̯һֱֱָּҡ¡Ƭ̹˴·ձڣӦĵʱ䡣
ವĳʣὣ룬ڡ
ʲôЦһ㶼Цܺǿ˸ЦŪȴֹ鲻٣鼱ְ֮סУǰҪʲô
лĿѪ죬ڳܺḾ֮ʣ㿴ˣз̾Ƕͨ˵ķҲ
ּҶԼΣһ֪
þʱǰƣһݶԲѡ
ݶһߴˮһСԹ¾˯ĵҪȥҲǰ˵һҲ㣬֪жൣᡣ
Ǹû´ˡ

 43 

ݶСȴһǼµĺӡĪÿʱҹøǱӣ߱ϲ飬кŮʶǺõġܵСҷڲѺ棬иġ͹ˡ
ݶԾֱУܶ־ϹƱơڻ飬ֱڽ¡
ԽԽأݶòȰϸϸѯʣ磬ôˣ㷽ȥĶ˼˭֡
һ٣ǿŵЦڿ¡ʮͣ۵СǱԶмĲᣬݶ˵Ҫ뿪ҡǺ͵Ժȫչˡľ̫±ˣܶʱ򽲵ȭͷЧ졣
ȥ˵Ժ󶼲磬ǳУ͵жΡݶ٩ЦЦž˵ʶĻһȥأ磬Ĳˣ㲻ȥǲȥǡΪǱƲò뿪ҡ磬뿪ǻʲô˱㣿ʲô¶˵ȥҵһ
˽ݶľȴΪִ϶֮ҪԵ֤ݷŤתɼȡݶָɨ˫ۣһ˫ٺɫƲܹҰ˸ʦϰԸڡеĹˡܰΪʦҵĸ֪֮Һ˶ãԸȳɣҪҸˡֻһȥûʱٻؼҡ
ƭˡݶҡͷĪ˸ʦ¶֪ͬ𡣰ʦΣһλʦߣ㲻ġǲġ
ݶ˵ˣ
ȵݶĻһٶҡıҡҡ׹־ͻȻһӰһ
˭׷ȥ
׷ƫƧֻ֣ѡ
ͣ½Ųѣˣβ¶潻̸
ǰӰתȻܺᡣΣŲݾܾļ㡣
㣬ܺᡣ⼫ˣֻܺһԭĪʧ䣬ڳӭսƣҲҪ㱦ͽͷѵǮִˣֻѧղܱԼ㲻ȥӽ̵鷳鷳պǮִ崳ܸƨɺһֱʰ̯𡣡
ԩܺˡ
һⱻ⣬ܺûʱίæǣô룿ִԼɵҲ֡ܺǰھһ
ң
ܺҪɱ㡣ʵǿᣬҶǶ֡㲻ּҴ壬뿪ȥҹձ
ͻȻϿմһȡ
ɲ㵽ߣסȥ·°ںڵ׺ƴȣżʵɫ޳дض߱Ƶܺ˲ˡ
ܺһѽŻ𿹺⡣ѹס񣬺ܿ춳ɱ
ܺ¡
ðղŵɨǿɲԸһҪٰܺȰ費ɣȻùԽ󲻵÷һ֪ͨ
ܺᡣ֪ڸʲô𣿣һһ֪ʱˣǹŭı֡
ܺȥˣȥǰݻǸʮС꣬ǰװү
񣬹ô˵Ҳʮʮ꣬ûòǰССҾͽʲôʦؽ̡ܺʮָɣڳĹ񸹱ܵдֲ
ܺЩռ˲٣вѸĸ߼䡣һʱð벽֪ܺԼǹ֣һʱ̡
ҵţڿߡȥҹձ
ô̫ڣܺıӰ꿼̨ǸĽغϡߴֿɿ
ллܺᣬΪΰң
㡣㣬һƫִ̻ܲΪ˵Ǹܺ˵߿ŻѪƬ̱󷨣Ȼ̣һתĹƾܺܳеܺܿڽڰˣˡ
УֳҵľˡΪ¡ֵʹɱ֣ʦŹȫȻ޻ڡվ㣬ҲҶֳһܺῸסѹǰһŽܺڽ£תһܳԶͷȥ

Ƥһһ㣬һѶ۵òӴڹǰ޷֮
ܺ󺰡
ۼϢ΢ܺһӵĺ·Ƶù
ܺæܹȥһ´Ӱ˳סϸŵɫ硣
ߡ
ˡ
ްߡܺ¡ֵˣ񲻻ɱңߡ
Ϊ𾪣½ܺߵһߣץͷָϻذ㲻ܡ֪Ҫɱ޹աʵ˵Һ㡣ڵ൱ڻﱧһȾԴȺѴ̡
ֻרܿ٣ʶģǰԶܺᱻյСӡ
ܺᡭ
ͻȻձһֳԶԶ˦ȥ
˦ȥˣ
š˹ˣ󷨵˸Ƶ𣿣
⻹ô
С꣬ͽʸԶ㣬αؼҽ̵һҪȰ㣬˼ѾͽܣٸˣĪҪôѿ˼Ҳڲ
˭ںü˭ҪΪʦΪϲĶ
Ī˼࣬ȥĶˡմѪɲյĸ޹·ͷϾͲˡձЦһץ뿪ͽǷΪʦһ
Զ쿴ܺƣѾ췦
϶ܺᱻһˣյֻʣһ̻ҡ
̾һˣȥҰ󡣹һּҴ屻ҵȼֳյĸɸɾ̻ӵһ
Źձǹģӵ̫׼ˡ
İվּҿȱ
ʹѣ˫գʱº⣬ձݡĺǣһɱΪּĿڳ
ߺ󲻾ãݶˡ
һ̱ڵءһȥأѰþؼңôһûˡȫɥ
ɫĻһĿɫĻ棬˭ŵģ˭ݶʹޣСҹɪɪǻĳȴš
̨
ֳ˯һѪΪ̾ѡĳ̶ֳϣֳ˶øһ޵ļƷʡ
㿴ܿģֳ֪ϲӺһֱֻʣ۲Ѫ˿ڴת³֡
ȻЦ
ҼǰȷޣҰͷϣѵ˿ġ
ֳ͵ĴӴܣҶôˣȣ֪ҶܵϢ
侲ӡȰסֳ˵ձߣʱ֪ȥ򡣺ڹձΪͽû£ġ
ҪôģձǼΣյܸǰ;Ѳ⡣ŵ̶ܵ
ȣҶܡ
ȴӦĸɴ࣬ıã͵ڣáձ޼꣬ػȥ¡ֱѰܵҲȥ¡ֱҡ


 44 

ӣֺ͹﹫̡⼸ҪˡϢһǱȥ˵һؼһˣ˳׼
ֳҸоõĲ࣬ȴһҪϢҲǣȻ¡ֵй飬ȴ޼һܲǻ¶
ǮִӢһֳ̽ɻȥؿڸɿһ˳Ӵκӡ
ǮִԥûţסӢ¡֣ӦľӢλȱٿɫܣҸоáҪֳ̲סװʧܡ
ǲãǻǱӢǰŸսȥǮִ徾ȥȫੲݡ
ҿõĺܡɫй˶ʱġ
ĪҪ˵Ůҷǳʧ񡣡ǮִɿסӢ죬ϱ߳飬ʧ֮ٱžѿˡ
ֳһŮҡǮִ壬Ҹεĸ㣬ʮǳص˼һ֮ǰҴδ˵ܽáձ̶ֳȡӢੲݣȻȫУԼϿ֪ȥĲԼĶĳϣֳǲ֮õҲģ̫ࡣ
ҲŮҲɡǮִҡҡͷŮģҪϧСĲʦ֮ãȻ°뱲ӹ¶ϡ
˵ܺᣬӢһ춼ûܺ˵Щ¶ʱ¡ֱһڱУҪߣ¶ýӣҪܺʱôûӰˡ
СŰҲڡ
ӢһȦ¡֣ɫԽԽ࣬Ǯִ岻Ըں棬ôˣ
ִ壬㼸¶ٻشһοܺʲôʱ˭һ뿪ǰû˵ʲôзΪ
ǮִȻӢɫƿЦʶܴϸ渵ԭ
ҹʱ֮ǰʦһֱչҡʦιҩ˽һҴҷҩ뿪ֱĿǰΪֹû
ܺŰô¡¶Ҳšһͽ˳ɽ㣬λߺʶ֮ˡ¡ְƴط΢һ֪˭

ܺʲô
Ӣ˼⣬ͻȻһ㶣ɫˮѵ
ǰˡǮִ
Ǯִֻһ󾢷ιûӰһϯ˲Ծ̤ŵĹǰ
ûüػͱסӣӢ漸ҧгݵ˭׼ܺߡ֪ǹձ֣Ϊʲôȥ鷳ͷӳĻ̡ܺᣬ͸ΪİΣΪʲôûɱɣܺһ㿪ˡ
Ҳġϲ࣬ץǳĿӢ½󣬴ɫɣܺѳְӢΪеҫ̳ҫйձʦͽο֮ܺ飬ӦģԹǺ
˵ʲôӢţһ񣬡ִܺɥں޶ûС̬ȣԺ˭Ҹ󣬱תͱ˧ܺᣬ´㻹˭ңΣԡԺ·ԼߣӢˡ
Ǯִɫף򵥵Ҿۿǰ˵Ŀġʦˣ
ǡǮִ򣬡ܺ׷ڹձ¡ѳְǮִ壬ܺᰮͽ־ϣ㱳
ڲ˵ЩǰʦʬĶ
Ǯִ磬˸գͣƬջճȭ
ҵپʬ޴档¹ڣɡ
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һȴ˫ۻȫջءãް
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ܺ飬ʫ׷׽˱ף֮ک
ֳɲסһһ㡣
ӣл˵롣Ǯִסȣֳ֪⣬˵岻Ȼطռ䡣
Ǯִ°ڣ˫ϥأͷӺɫԴϴӣʦڱ¶˷Ѹˣɱģʬ塣ʱ䣬Ϊʦᡣºɱ˳͹پ춼㡣

 45 

ʲô
ɫ䣬ر
Ǯִϲ̽Ӣסִ壬ܺʬδΨһͽܣΪ顣
ֽ̻մ𽥺˱Եɫ˿Ӣһ㡣ʹʧѣӢеı˲Ǯִ١Ǯִ¸Ӣǡ
õȡܼǿʧȥĸȻĵѣȴΪպɨ֮ǡһԶɱĸףڳɫʵҲҰɣġ
ӢĴָ˵ؿλáؿڷڿɬп¡Ƭֳ̣𡢺ȥ
ӢԽԽƣ̳Ӿƶֶֶࡣű߿̳Ӻ˶ʮ̳
Ǯִ岻İܺʮǰƣ½Ӣ۰ͰͲšܺ˵Ӣ׵ʱڳ»񣬽Ǯִһ¡˵ʱһݡ
ǮִӲȾƣüܡ
ؼգ¡˾޿һá
Ǯִ忪һ̳һƨӢȡ
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ȿӱ޸ϻؼңһ·ĸʹѵ½
Ѹյĺ޺ۼȴ׼ȷ϶λáȶǰ˫ϥأʴޡ
һһо١
ȴޱȣѸ̫ʱˡ
ѸȸƤ̬׼ȷжϣȴ޷ĸԤƤҶԣзһԾ̬
˵һߣȷʵΪɨ֮ǡ
ȾԼһΪ
˫ϥʹ飬׷˼صĸף˼֮ʣһȸεѡϷԹۣʱʱŪα̬Ϊϳ֮Ǹеá
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ӢҲʶֳߣȫ̶
ҲǶ뿴㣬ֻʱΪҵҸ֮ĳЩһϻһϻͳһƫͻͷ­˾ΣΪ˱סͷ­øм
ֳĿɿڴûȲҪˣֵҶûаָм˵ҾԴ˫Ŀ䳤ʱҸԸⱻͷ­
ֳԽԽܣǰ̽ذָͷŲǧ
ôÿѸ㿴ܳʱ䣬㻹ʲôġ֪㡣Ӣһռ㻹ˡĴίһӣˮŲΡΡε
ˮγǰ˱Ӻˮڡ߸༯ֳϣûƿ
﹫ӣʵǿиûӸûܳƤ£ʵڲÿһҡ
Ҳǡǡ෴ǶԼʵš˵νУɿ˶ӣ˱ֳ¶񶨻м֡Ϊ˾٣񲻹һİˡð֮ﺣ
ֳһ±ӣԼ٣﹫ӣ㿴ʲô
ԣ٣
ϽǸ١ֳ˵ģܶҿô¶֪ΪҺӳǽ㡣
ѵ޴룬⡢
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£
£Ӣ
ͬʱסֳҼȥѼǰ顣һǾͽֳһӷֳϲǿסܳ嶯
ֳ۵죬ԶԶƼȸ޲õᣬȸԾıȥȣˡû̫Ѱˡ
ţȻ
ֳ̫תƻ⣬ҶȲȥ¡޲ðѼҶ˷ԶоȻֻм·硣ҲãǮЩ򡣡
ֳᵽȾӦøһӣˡͻһ˻ؼҰ˺¡ǲӰˡ
Ҳ̫ͻȻ˰ɡ
ңȣֵ̫侲
ɹһػ᲻˵ɹȻʹȴѸˣȼ޶ԡ
ΪȵһȫȻʧڵȣǴƤ
ֳ壬ʶгһץ
ӣƺң

 46 

ûֻ¶̫ͻȻһʱܲˡֳﺰšﰡ࣬ȥˡ
תĺӲһϷ¶ڣȻŹ˳ˮۡ
ֳ޵ˮһǻ޲תٴ죬ʹĻôһ¶Ӣ
ˡ
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Ȼǻʹ߰˲ˡ̣һһӣನӿǧˮĭ
ˮĭӴϸۣо̧档ֳ̧һ뱻˫תһƿ
ˮСǺ
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˿žСڱһ
¡ֱҵشɽ
滷ˮɽܵθӰѲ⣬ֻ޲밵Ƭֻ¡ֱҵǶɿɳ롣Ƕ˳Ϊһ֤ͨ
˴ΪǶɡ
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ȻһٵʹĻ˫ѪĭӺ֡ʹŸԼĽ˵ټ
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ͣϸˡ߶ΪӺɸ֡Ψһһػ
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Īǣ
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֡ȵסֳַɿ˸ǽߣҪˤˤαԼӵ㲻ۣҺ۰
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ֳ֣߹һͷȥȥ˰ƿҪ٣ͷֻ˶ѡϿʱҲôۡ
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˵ȵǻߡתΣΪĹؼ˻֮ӣһص̡飬ߡ
մջҲ󡣡Ӣ˵

 47 

ʱǶݡ
޴ˮյ緫Զ¡ֱҺУɫˮڴ󻮳ߡ
СƽԽԽԶСڵ㣬һһӶ֪ߺֳջߣԴź׳ۡõܵǶܿһܴŻһֱĶŶܣһСĵȥ
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һ뵽ֱֳ֡
̫ԼԲݣûע⵽ԽԽ˴Ŀ⼯ϡ
ץӸκ棬ԶΧֳĶ˲ţ־Ȼܴϻ߹ûȻ֪õʲôֶοɷѧϰһ
ֳֻǸͨˣѸת˼мƤҪð𣬾Ȼһû߹ﵱ幻̺ͻߡ
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Ҳֹҡ㰡
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ñϣ㻹ۺĲܵ𻰡

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ȺʵҪѪ
Ҫô
ȥǱߡ
ֳ߱˵Ůͷһֳ֪֮˵ˣԼѧղԹκˡ㵽˵û¶Ǻ˵˵ҥ
Ůӵͷ絷⣬֪֪һ˽ͣһס
ˡֳ˵
ǿ⣬ٸŮκ񣬡㻹ߵضұȥɡƺĸ
Ȼ߲̫ȥλáͷˡ˵ͷ̬ȵǲ
˵š
һֳַһֳ佫˴ᱧڻϵ˵ߵ
ֳϸֽƬһ񹦵Ľ־̾
ֳͬ
Ϊ£ȴ˸С¡ֱһó֮ӻߺƷ̱ݻȡټ̸ʣΨλᶼᡣ
ȴһ
ֳͨ˳ڻߡ
Ⱥۺ޲÷Ŵ󾵿ֳͼڳйػߵܡҪǣһĺˣۺ첻ѡֳ˱йĶ
˶ĵط¶ٲˡ
ȻҪά
ĿǰǸϸĶ

 48 

߲˶Ůӽ͵ҹ
ŮӽϪſţڸ衣ָ췢ġȻһߣֳòҪһˣһɱֳ·ֻ̾׷Ȱ뿪ҲֳҪ̻ô졣
Ϫطŷ￴һ
ȡƺһ
Ȳ֪ȥĶֱӰֳϡ
л㡣
ͳһһָİƿǰ֬ԴЧ
ʹáͷѵǿڳԵŮӣѾܸмˡôٷġҩһ֮Ҳա
֬ȷʵǺҲȲϽ㡣֬ϣ˵ȫˡҪ㣬ľ̾ϡһֱãκοĿҶȽл񡣡
ˣ
ǣ¶п֪
ֳң治ɫˡֳֻǾ֮ͣôջȥɡ
ƿֳۡôûϵȵ񡣻ֻװ֬ǰ֬ʲôزֳԼҪ˵ð﹩ұ
Ķġñ˵Ķֳ֣·ǺˮޣЦʵΪѣ˰ɡþ˷һƬ⣬Ѿ͵ĨҲҲգĶôȫ㡣
ôһ˵ֳƾܲˣ°ƿл
ֳӲ˻ϵѪԥĸ첲Ҫ𣿡
ߵѪһ˿ζֳԼʱܲСĿǶζкܶࡣ
û¡һ¶ϻ𡣡ҧгݣ˿ѿֳ˿鲼Ѫ
ҪҪҰֻûü˵͵رƿ
Ůû뵽ڣüޣݲ渵
С㣬Ʒõ㡣ϲ̫á
ǣҲ̫ã˭˭ڻһİ𣬵ſڻͷ˵⼸쾡ⵥ˳СһʲôõĶҹСġ
ֳ©һġ

⻰ǺѻôѾ̹״ӿ
ֳûߵ·ջɷ˵ֳӴ
ɡʲôֳŵİ͡
ҵðţ㲻䵥ˡҸղ˵Ļûǲǡ
ԭ
ֳһûɣû߾ɤ۶˵мֿģиõĶƽضɿǶϴзһԶаרϿ˶ƳһͨҷĲ¡һðɡ

Ȼⲻȫ֪ᡣֻʣص㲶̡ĵ¶ôͷ˿
һֳ֪ôţԼʱϢͻɢûü̽Դͱ˶Ĩȥǵǽɨϸںۼ˲ɣˡҰ㡣˲࣬˼ͻɸѡƷȻǸˣʵȴǲڣʲô⡣
ٵ죬Ϳ԰档
ֳȫֻС𡯡찡¡
ͷһߡ
ŮǸ⡣
λֹǸˣԸ⣬ȴ̷ҹ⡣
ŮѹǸҼС̫ԡֹš
ûûСҲǹҰΣֳмӷ
ֹ۵룬ߣû׼ܻõһϢ
ԽԶԽһ׵ɱڣߣʱܸ˴ܡ
ֳѾ
ô¶
ŮСæСͣƷ̻֪СܾǳģҪС㡣˾ߣд裬ҼСʵףֹĪҪġ
ֳ˵ƷǸʲôû߹ƵƵŭ
ŮڴЦƵƵСǲ˵Ʒ̵Ĳˡˣ߱⻹ʲôġ
ô𻰶ԡֳһʱ֪˵Ǻá
⣬ƷҪͻС㶨סҼССճŻС㣬᲻áƵƵƷ̵Ĵ̶ƷŻСŶҼС
ǰƷ̺ҼСһգͽڻˡĻСһ顣λҪסҼСˣ͵͵Ĩء
ԭϵ
ߺû֡
ϴ󲿷˶á
ˡ
ײҿ߾ȻŮӡ
ݾ˫ĿԲ׵Ǳ˳ߣϰһĵһ
ֳˡ
ߣɱ֡Ʒ̵棬ʵ̻ᶨΪϪֳֹ׼ɡ
ֳôǸҡС첲СȶģĶľɱˡ
ɸϪԹֻ˭ϪŻ˵ԺֳһɱѩܣǶģҿû˵ѡ
ϪӸ߰¶ԽԽû׼̲סȥֳȻֳɱ

 49 

ֳ˵ûɱһֱڷδš
ửǲз硣
ǣƤһ˵ʲôǶţڳĿɶСֳʵ뿪Ϫ˭һ𡣿ݵλǶҲʲôѣһ𡣰ѽǷ򸾶ɱˡ
˾Լ࣬˳˼·ߣһһէҲµĲϪܲҪɱ㣬ǲһ𡣿ԲǽϪֻ֣аķݶǡڷһȻɱ˽Ϫ
ֳûڣȺƵƵֹ˷ɿȣͼϷԡˣǰ̫ʦϵ
һ첲֧ڷϣֱ̫ѨƤС
ĸµңޱ飬һľͷʯͷ
òѣﵲס˹
ѩҹʱڳüģƤ
һһɫͫ⵽͸һӳĵİࡣ
Ρ
ѩҹ˳ƷӣǶĶۡѾҵֳ򸾡ֹýϪȪ֮µĿ
תֳֳûʲô˵ġ
ûɱˡֳ㡣
֤ݵģΪѲҪɱſھ޳ָ̫ѨֳֻĸֵĻûŵ㡣Ҫô˵ģҪôΪɷʱ
ǰĸ㶯ˡһȫ˿Ӱֻǰһֳǰ
ĸӽ䱸𣬻ܣʲô
ſ壬ĸĲ֪ʲô򴩣¼СѪ
üȵſֳ޹ġϪһֱһ̣ûж۵ûȨץˣ
üĿߵ֣κקĽĲֻȥҽǰʻ˼ȥûв֮ǵû˻̡
ʲô˭֪ĸȶֳ֫Ƕˣһŵˣˮʯ֮ǰ˭Ҫȹء
Ҿ֪ƾ㻹򲻳ĵӣһģҡ
ǣӡ
һ뿪ǰĿֳ϶һ˲ѡ
ץŮӶ֫ȻһƣܸоץȥҲǿա
ôء
еϴ۴ɵһνȥɢ

 50 

Ƕ̫꣬һ˿ǳӦֱʡ
һұãȷˡ
һ޳˹Ŀ㣬ֳķȡһˣ¡ֱұɱӢ
ֻûǶ֣˵
һ˿
ȷֳϣӣûˣڡ
Ӣ̣þò㻹ϲСɡ
񣬺þòˡʮϪֳˡϵ飬ףһ
ȵڱǹǣ̼Ӣ˫ĿٿطŹ⣬žһһɨգǷ˸Ա׼ŵ񡣾óҲֱֺ׼
ءϴ˵ұꡣ̤¡ֱң̸ˡӢڰ֣ڸϲӬ
̬˲ĻëСӣôҶԸ߸ϵƷ񡣿һ˼ͷСδ꼰㣬˲Լͬ˺䡣
Ӣҡֳס
ͬһ
Ҷֳ˽⣬ûǸɱˡΣֳ˵ûɱûɱϼӢһתյ˴Ŀƨɵµ˸ţ˭ҪǶ֣ͬΡ
һ߸Ծ𣬿ת˸ȦὫҶڽ¡Ӹ¡
Ϣŭ˵겻ɳֻиͷ𣬻ǸСһһšΪƷӣλıֹԽϪҸöڳ˸ֳףβܣøˡԶܵ𡣡
Ӣߵϻô࣬ǲˡ̣ôڣ޷ҪֳװֳĶʹţ֮졣
ҡҡͷҲֻǷδȻˡ
ȴӣȻ
һԾ£תȦһƮӢࡣԷϣֳֻΪļ̫ΣգƷôܷôһߵĶҩȺҿϣϼӿܡȥƽؽֳ
߲֪˵ʲôվ֪û̸á
ֳһţԱ⡣
Ӣ䷭תؿڣڳһֳ׼´Σǽ׼㡣
ͻȻӢһи൱Ѻõ߼ֵĲ²⣬ȻĿ̡
źߣѯʡ
Ӣ֪ӣѹյ˶˵ϧ͹ԼĴɤţֹ̲ͷü˶̣Īɱ˽ϪֳͷΪ
ӢԼĶĶԣУҽһŮˣһĽ㣬ΪϷҲ˵ùȥ
ӢֳǼ¶ֻǸ⡣
Ӣߵ
Ӣ̵
Ӣ
ӢĤ飬죬˫仺ͳ߱˼߳ŭˣΪⴧⷢҲûë㡭
ǺĲᣬ۲תģ溬˪ģεĶࡣҡͷֻӢ
Ŀת١һ̤õĹ֪ӦãӢƲסԼҪûȳҵɣҾ͵ơҴСԹѾáղײգһʹ𡣱СϱŤŤˡᡣ
ԣңײŵ˵ǡҡͷǰƷ̧Ҿ֪Ϫζ

 51 

̯˷ݺɫŷ⡣
һָƺ˶Ĺҡ
ǡۣȫͷǮ֮Լ
˵һӵʱѻȸ
ֳȵʲôǺµӡҲǣ˵£ǼɻԼ
װǶ˲֮˵ͷǮлǮҪ˲֮˿Ƚ͵
ѾˮʯϪ̰ô˷죬ȥֳ̰޹ءߣҲΪֳ֤֤ȷ䣬̣ˡӢ
û˿ɡڰ֣ʾһ¡
˿䱸̬Է¡һиԵʹоһŷֱѪע
䣬ֳŵִ
ǰǷֳѳͷţˡ׽̱⣬ֻΪ룬ʹȨ֮ơ֪壬һ̡̺ղѡϣΪԼ³çֱ´߲¡ֱͬס
ⲻǱ˸ͷѡ
ֳü
̿ԸһڲأֳĪ㻹Թ׽ˣĻᶼϸ
˺Ʒ̵һֱԸ߸̬ʾˡ˵˻ǵûë
һֳͲԸ⡣˺޲ðԴӦ
ǸãĶҾܾƷ̡
ƷˡֳǸãץʸǰ˱ĸ߲¡ֱͬסƷɷֳˡֳʵԲλ࣬ԸƷ鹣Ʒջس
ֱѪѵۡ˵滭߹һǡ
ˣƤӣָһץĶһӣֳʲô
¼ҼŵĲӡﲻԣ
ֺУͼĲÿһϸı빦ܣַҳѹ󼸸֡
ֳĪôʵ¼ﲻԣ
ֻҪҵͷ͵Ƕɵͼ޿ɱ磬˶ȥ߲㷿䣬ֻΪԻж
Ʒӣ֪㲢޴⣬α
֮ȷʵֳ޿ɱ硣ǰסֳ֮Լ跨ǶѵðƷΪ¡ֱ£˿̶Ϊ֮ġƷӣΪЧϾ֮ԼȻ֣ɳ˼ǺԵĿǰһ֪
ʲôһ֪صġ
Ȼ࣬ȴҪ㡣̲ò
˫Ҿȴ伹ü۾ȴ´أƽȣǸˣҲֳķ
ˣƤӣһģֳʰңֱһࡣֳһ£ʧ㡣
ӢС̲ͷЦ۾𣬡ƽӣ롣Ҫ̸
ס
ӢһĴתߡû߳˫ֿסļת˸Ȧһߣ
ߺܿģǶɵֻ߲¡ֱ˺ܵȨ˲ܾסʳסжõġֳˣӦõõչˡ˼¶ʹȥ߲㡣
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һߣȺںܿɢϪ̰˴Ų෹ǲ̸ʡƬ̣漸ת
ϪŴǿ̵ȥû뵽ǸӡΪ̰ôǮֵ̫á
װĺãǶĵ
ɿҲĻȥֳ鷳ֳ֮ӻߺƷܣôղôᱻ˰ɡ
һˣֳҪˡ⡢ǺãǶ֮ءôѽ
ֽϪ˻ôҪˮ̫ˡҿ¸ͷ´ɡô࣬ߺҲһǵ´һʱһ͸׵Ժ󡣡
˷׷׵ͷؿѹ˵Ķԡ£ͷһ¡˵ղѩҹɣɲˡǰͷұ𡣡
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ͬˬһһ𡣡
ѩҹأôûˣ
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лҴ㿴һеڿʣֳ̲˿ڡ˻Ǹˡ
ٶˣͷպиɾײŻ͹ġֳ룬Ʒ𣿡
ǣҲǡ
ʱľĬ֣κֳסҩĪƢֻȥ
ͻȻ˵ʲô
ҲΪԷİ˰ɡ
Ƕǰʵ΢̺Ȼһа٣ȴȫˡȻ̴һƣΪ㿪·
˰ΧȦ첲ΪֵͷĹ㱻Ƭ
Թºϸ룬ǵʱܱȫ˵ѷ
δޣûʸȢֻ̱㲻ǿͬ¡
İ֬Ϳһһ㣬Ϊˣô˿ڻѪۡ
ֳ룬˵߾̣һ顣Ŷ°֮Լ
šһμѻ
ѪִζȻܵƷŵͬζҴΨһһ֮ǣǻǴΡѪָǲǣֳ˵Ǵ󡣾Ʒ̵ˣŶԡ

 52 

û˵Ը̸
ֳѪĲѣô
ֳžӣһЦıȿ޻ѿް
߾Ѫʧȥ࣬ȡȻһû˵Ҫ·Ŀ˵ӻ˵ѩϼ˪֮£֮ӻʧȥ
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ллǲá߳֡
顭ûɹ
΢ɲ̾ȷʵ˵ĺأҲ˿תһֵˡΪֳԷǸͨˡ
ֻҪ룬û¡
Ըˡ
ĲãΪһöû
ֳһ㶣߻õķο첲ֳѪ¹Щƽ˿Ҷѩϼ˪֬ûáֻҹӾܾȡҹӾ쳣ʮһʮһͬ÷Ч
ֳƬ̣¶ģҵ
ֳ鲻٣һ㶡˵ԵʣͷһͿ
ģҺܿġǳЦΪֳģ¡ֱһöС㣬¡ֱҸ߸ϵʦҹӾȻ֣Ѳǡֳģһص¡ֱңҾͻû¡
һᾡҡֳ˵
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ҡҡͷһЦ¶С˼ûе¡Сֳͺá

Ŵ򿪡
źë̺ϳ˵ţûһ졣
Ŷ룬ֳͻֵ֣ȻѡŮ˼ĸ׽
ףǴкͷ˲䣬Ѫζ
ǡ֮ӻ߹ĿԼӻϵǰˣֳķ
ʵ˵ûôҲӡ̡
ƷⱲûɱģץ֡δ·硣һȫˡ
Գˣƭء
Ҳֳֻͨƭ
ȣ̡Ӣ⼸͵͵˵ʲôˡ
Ŀӻ߸첲ջأƷ̴ϽһĽѡƷڵ㡣ҲҪ̣㲻Ӧ̫á
첲ʲôЦһܲ̽һҹӾ꼰ɡ
˵ֳȸǡúϢ֬˺ãǵĨ
š

 53 

ƿţͼ̶Ե衣
㲻ڣ۾ҲǻӰ
ϷڱоĻҹӾ꼡
ˡͷҲء
š߾ԼЦĲôԣӲ󲽽̶档
һʡϸµַͬ˳ֳߣŲࡣ
µµţ
鲻̴ӣਡ
Ǻܲϧ㡣
ȷ鲻ӳȥֲֻᣬ񶼲ٸһ·ȫƾ
ھȻ˳ͨĻᡣ
̽һҹӾƸߡ
ҹӾ꼵ĻԾѪʧ档ÿճ£죬ˡ
ǧѡҽԼϡƽ̴̻һ˼֡
ڱ˪ѩ˴ɫҲףŲ˿ѿ
šл㡣
޷
̽һҹӾƸߡ
ǡ֯ݻΪϴȷϡ
էһ仨ʮơĽˣͻֻᷢһһ
ʷأҹӾΨһһ󡣶֮ĿӴ󡢹ЧԶҹӾ꼼ΪƣĿڲƭˡ
Ϊ֯ݻֹѪЧ
ȻӴء
߿ֵ֯ݻ˵ֻҪ۶صˣĨȥ֯ϸϸܷ˿һлҩȻֻ˳㣬жֻҵɵģг𡣶֣Ƿ
˰ɣݸǳ֮磬𣬵Ϊֹ
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߾Ȼǵʱ߲չŮӡ
ϴˡ
ѮڻˣҾѪ粽չҵ㣬ǻߣ
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ԶϤӰ硢ȣæӭȥ㣬ôˣ˵ӲãҪϢΪβˣҹӾ꼣ȥԼ尾£һת
߾ϲѣѾͺã̫ˡһҪ֮ᶼҶҺܡںˡ
˵㣬ֳͬ־ͶѾļ˽ܸʶ
ǶĿ༯ֳϣӡȷֳǰҪֳߡ֮Լ¼ǰ
ȻѾȥˡô̫ˡ
ǶϷ󣬻߲òɿȡ֪ǰطڡ
ۼֿ죬һ絽ɫ԰ףһֳϥǱͻط䡣
Զֱ߱˼ҪҪȥֳֳǵһʱ״ԡŷֿһͿʼֳ֯ݻ˿رã͸ֳɡ
첲һʹͳѪְѷ֯ݻҸ£ֳŲ
߲ŮźΪܵˮˮ֡ˮϴ桢ˮԡ͸㡢һȫߡƮڵ켫Сˡ
ɫֳԡڴ̴ľ񻨴ϽʸͷϷָ¼¼ӣʱ俴Ľζ
ȽҹӾ꼵Ľ
ȾֳԡˮŮν

 54 

ЩǷ飬Щ£ֳв԰ΡɵҲȻ
Ȥ𣿡
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һֳĥԡ±ӣͼעⲻ٣ֵɱ˼Ƚһָͷ
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鲻дİɣ
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ӣʱˡֳɵ
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Ƹȹӵ䣬ɷ˵˽ȥ

ֳʹɫ䡣
׼ҲסôӲ룬ֳܲһƤ
뷿֮һãֳֻķݶȴҪӣҲͬġ㲻Զš
ЦûȡĲӣ𡣼㿴ģҵġ
·ԽԽۣǾһŻţֳҧгݡһЦڴϣ̧ŲӿְͼǰƮƮȥǲۡ
˴ޡż⣬ҳӼǻֳˡ
ֳɰԼţƻˡ
Ȿӳֳı
෭£ڼʱҲôѰ
ȥֳ̧ʱ죬ɫ죬ڨڨջ֡ڴתȦͻȥˡ
ͷźֳ־ټᶨҲӲΪˡΪĸһ˨һϡ˨ȣ˲ϲóֳηھ
һ·ĥҪҪ˳·ȣȻֳ¡ֱҡֳҪǲϲϰͰֳߡ
ڶ죬ѩҹˡ
Ϫ֮ͬԼ˳׵
ǶĻ̡̻
֮ԼҪôһɱһˣҪôһϦɱˡ
Ϫ֮˱нҡѩҹҲˣ֤˴η˲ɡ
˴˿ûʱֳָĻֻ̻Ա
ѩҹ˭¡ֱõĴС㣬˵续ȴҲȵùڳ󲿷ˡ֮Լʩɱѩҹǲ¡ֱýɱ˸ǸƵġ
˽ȥãʩѹǿ󣬾ҳʩˡ

 55 

ƷӣڸܺǰץĻ֡ȱ£λȡ
⾪侳ɲǲΪ㡣
ѡڼй涨ȡðа顢ݺʡ¡ֱ֧߷ܼߵȵ
˵һȺң˵
һμľƷ̺ƹӹ˵ϣ¡ֱҰ죬Էֳ¡ֱձӳ޼Σ챾׷һ¶һ궼̧ͷƷ̵ǰӮѡΡ
¡ֱ֧һƱǽ˵ˡ
һȫë⡣һڣˮգҧӲףƷӣȻʵãϲ١ϼƺϼҲֵȡһƱƷ빫ѾãҲڴ˿̹һɡ
ǶƷӱӻȻ㡣ƷϧǣҵĻ֡һƱȷϡ
񹴴Ц
е̹Ȼ֮Ŀ̡һȺ˲֪Ϊ飬ǵĵΪη
ûôࡣвˣƷ˲ǡ
ӲͷƤдŵֺã·ӣ˼أ
˫ۻؿһֻ࣬ĲСⲻǰ¡ֱҵδгᡣ˶Ϸ˲ǣڳ˶뷨
̹䣬ԸҪƱйˡ
ֳקקȵ䣬ȸ˵ȺԹϴ̶Ҷ֪ӸλĴӲвǼȻ˾ƷӣΪΰϲȡⲻϸŽᡣһڱվ̣ͬʱƹӹôô治ֺãͼʲôǡ
һȺɫһסΪճƷ̸˭벻ֹʧ˺壬һ仰Ʒӡ
ƷһԲ֪Ѿ֪ˬˡ
ͷ۵ǣһڱվ̣ͬʱƹӹʵʵ֧Ʒ̣̿ͶҲշһúõľ棬УǵѪù
һȺ˺ֳ
ƻãвȻᡣŮһڣ̬û˻ͷ
ڿɺã˫˳ס
ֳȣҡ˵ˣôһҪ˵ģ
̿ûû
Ӣ춼סֵЦ⣬ֳԼһʲô˵ĶԼ˹
Ϊ׵һһףˣ̲סקֳӣҪ򣬡˵ʲô

 56 

ס֣ߵ
ס֣Ӣ
һֳ˸ղ˵һһس֣׹ĳͷҪƿڴ̧һǻߺӢ嵽ͷ໰¡
ߵ˵ʹ𣿡
ҲңֻһʱͿдһĪҪ¼ƽϡҵ֮ԼĻֲҪͷҡɲ˹ģԹʵֳǻ¹ôѲһΧߡ
һŷƮƮȼͷϣ˵ͷ޻²ʲ¡
ǡѻȸ
ȸ߼ķ侹ȻڿͷС¶ϡ
һȺ¡ֳð˱վŻ͵ĴСõôô졣Ͼﲻ˵ű
ֳҪ֮ԼĻ־ͺˡ
ֳƫͷƹȿʬ塣ľã̿һֳ֪֮Լо
̿ȣҪ˵ֳǸ帾ѧʶ֪ʶȡ֮ԼǡʮϽݣֻ¡ֱҵӲпϰҪô͵ѧҪôӢ񴥷¡ֹظ֪ˣͬ֡
ֳ˵Ȼ̵ӣ̵һ͡
һȺ˽Ծ
̺ܿԡӢ˫ۻһȽģϴǹֻģʬǰ飬¶Ȥ
¶˷һ̹Ȼ
ȷˣһָ̽šһָŷͬѰںΪһ̽Ȼױ¶ɡ
ȹ֣ĵǲ
ȣǸˡ
˵ƤأӺζȥδ
̻һڣ˵
ѸԶзս޵˴ӪǶϣһƤǲ֪ǿ
ƤǰһֱɽʧɽܶȺδ㴩Ƥҷ¡
аүɽһ¶ﴫ÷зɽžʿǵһָаүˡڶǻʿеһС顣
ȻǷȹΪɽžʿ֮һˡ¡ֱƷ̣ǰֻǰŵ⣬δشҡ
˵˵ǱʮдġͣƷӾ𣿡

 57 

Ȼ᲻ŵڳˡ
ͫ͵һ˲ſڳ˱ǲҲԲͻʱ䲶׽˸æ綼֪ӡ
̺ƹ׷ǰˡ
ֳ֪ʱ׵ʬβ빫ͷӶ鼹׵Ҽмصһʽ
ð۾ʬϳӺε֪ĶĲӡ
޲ףƽһ޶ֳڵϸڵҲԽֱ̡
ֳѹԴʶ빫˼֣ƷĶõģƺ⣬ʲô𣿡
⻰Ÿ߹Ⱥ֮Ϣ
ܿ׼˼
ȻֳĿڴ˵¶̨ܷϡ֪ǰìܣǸ֪ˣվս̤¡ֱңֻΪԼ塣
ûһ壬֪٣
ֳ벾йһļƪһȺɽ֮ϣŮŮᣬȫҷֻһ׵γһһ弹׵۸񼫸ߡҹƣһеȺӹĺ󣬱˼ҵۻ࣬ҵǲƱ
˵󣬲Ľ
ֳֵ֮ԼﻻϪѩҹ˳ȥ׵׵һʩֽ˾һˡ
Ŀ¶ɣϧֳ
⸣иﴧżֵǵıˡ˭֪ԷǲǲӡѲһ壿
Сѡ֮һݺʱһ弹׵ݺݿɨ潭Ǿ޽еķ
⻰͸ìܡһ˵ļ׵ݺʣһȥɣɡô޽С˵ֳҡͷһ١ȵȣҲǲܣֻҪһ壬Ȼ޽С
ͷǡʮǰɽ֮ϴɽһһ¡ֱж˴ݺΪ⣬ּѰһˡ
̲ʬ壬ʾ̧ȥӿڵƴһˣݵ
ȷ·ʲôЦ飬ȡžһ򿪣Զڵ
ЦαӷŻɽһ·ε

 58 

̺͹𾪣ȴ⡣
ȵʮǰһ׵һʱһ˼׵ܳϵĴԡΧһ弹׵˲ʱһҶմң˽͵͵һˣװ׼ҵˮ·˶Ŀ׼ҵ֪֣ʾٽд๴Ҷһ˰׼һʮ˿ˡǰ׼ūͣӳ¡ֱңճɣһֻݺŷɥ˽Ϊҵ׼ҷŭɳҶұûһֻһ塣
ﰵ̵ָΧһ𡢳ķ׵߽⡣һֳ䲻⣬ȷʵնݳɽ̺ܺ塢¾ƽⲻ𣿡
һ޹֮һҪ֮Ѫɨ棬һ巸ҲѴ̡̣˵ӱųһһ岻ƽƵ̤ʯһһ˿Ʒӣάϵķʽֻб־벢ַ֤ϵľ̫ˡˣƤӣ೭ѧѧô֤
ۣԴҩˣһֵܡͻȻһ٣˵һ壬֪ʲô
ƽֻһֳ֪Ӣ°һԲ빫ͬͬסôЩ꣬ϸһ룬ȷʵȥһ֪˵еһ徹빫оɡ
ֻ̰ˡ
亹ֱ˷˿ŵĨķɿ졣
ټòһֻʣֳȻ߹̡
˵ʦȥô쵰ҲʦҵԵֻܲТ̴չȥͳӳǰ£治ɫ˵ҪʱʹɫԶԶܿ³㷢ءֵͦҡźΪʡڷѡĲҡôʲô֣
˼ʶһ𶼱ȲϹСӹĿʮ¡ֱв飬Ƶʶ㡣
ǶһŹ¡֮Լȷʵһᡣ
ֳ˵ɽ֮ף滷ɽͱֻһȱڡһһֱӼ롣ʮǰվȱڴŻ𣬰õϷڣһ˲ϳһ

 59 

ֳ˵ҶһȤ˵Ƕϼز飬һ߳ҷġ¡ֱϸͳƣһ干ŰʮˣǳڳŰʮʬĿԵϣӦûӳǡ
ߵѡѲǹʹ֮Լ
ɷףĿҡʶ̡
ı֡
չħģȴһֱ¹̵̽ܶΣûһŻߣû˷䱾
ϰ̧Դ룬ȴ˸աӿбᲱָ̰ʱͣһҧŲȥ
̲ĿһʧĶ㵡
ԼơȥǲǷǲǷ
źһתֳϿȥ
ֳܳôˣ첲ƹŻߣֻ֧
˳һɣоûǾſֺأޱȰġ
ͥڣŮ˴һʲôô˷ģްϡ̾չȥֳ̣¡ֱҼؾܶϵָ鷳ǵжϡԡ
ֳ֪˵Ĳ޵滰ýý¡ֱϲֳַԷ飬֤¡ֱҳ˱ߡĳϣǶ֮Լ¼鷳
¶ҪС֤
ǲϿȴ֮⡣ֳһԼŲӲֽţĸɸɾ
¹¡ֱˮκ˲׼͸©һ˿һӵȻ࣬װĸ˵ûʲôѹ
Ͳûָ˵ֳȡӢ
˲ɢ
ߣվסͻȻ
ʲô߽Ų΢٣ͷ
£ϵ߶ֻҪԸͷһܿӺʱСβԼۡ
©ߺݡһҶݣҪ
ߺҩ޶ҹӾ꼵ҩԡʮһʮһҶҹӾ׵á
á߰ͷҲأ϶ҷߺݸȥ˵ƷѰģȻ֪ô
ǣС㡣Ů϶ϲϲӺߺݣźһ
һ֣ǶΣΨֱץŽ֮Լ
Ӣҹһ飬˳·Ҳץߡ
ֳԻطš֨ѽƿһ롣

 60 

ߴ϶ȥҩֳ֪뿴飬ԸǶ
Żֳߣ׼һ趫飬ұС㡣
ֳϲʤճͷߣ߰ɣеȲˡ
ֳ۷Ź⣬õߵĺͯһϲá
߲ʧЦأС顣˲ҹңܲסҡҽ㲻˲˵飬ͲȤˡ仰ꡣ˵ҳˣǸԼˣ鷳ҡΪڿ԰ѹ̣ܽҽر˵ģ̫ˣҶɡȻֶꡣ
ӲͷƤ꣬ϲû˵˰ɡ˵̫ϲȻʮŮҷӹÿ컻һ飬ġ
ƵĶʷһʹ
Сʮ۰㡣ֳ˵
ǰǽ㣬ҾҪһʶֵıۡ˪ķҲװЦˡֻҪҪʲôΪϡҲһ롮ˡС
ֳһůĸܵãرá»صּҴҴǸʶ˵ε¡ֱңҶձߣ˵ܻȥ¡ֱҡ֪ںδɻƽ
ձܾܵǷͨձյͽܣ߲ͷȻ͵һء˱һͻȻվֳʧƽ⳯
ҿۼֿ죬ںŵǰְ
ֳ֪ΪͻȻĪǶܳʲô¶ǣʲô⣿
ǰһ米ձָһͷñĺ÷Ѫϴ¡ֱҶңҶҰа顣Ҷʮˣһ˵ŭٻԱа̣˻ع顣
ձ꣬ҲһǹձͶܡԽ˵ԽֳԼţŴаʲôΪ᣿
аһ󷨼ϣ¡ֱҽ󷨣нΪΣաֹκε͵ѧߵҶǰѶ¼ձ˵ͽΪʦֻǵ÷Լȡһ¡¡ֱɴ㣬ͽܱȹձΣգɱǰ·
ֳǰһڣҡҡ׹
аǳΣգֳ㲻Ҳм̯ƶָʻһ򵥵ĺᣬɳǶɣ֪ͨ⣬һϢ֪ͨ㡣
Ѿǻļ¡ֳǿס񣬡л㡣
飬û˼鼮ѾĳҪĶ
ֳݹ鱾һϸ¼ҹӾ꼵ͼһݾ¡ֱҽʮԱ¼ڲᡣ
ҹӾ꼶ڸ³ʪ֮ءɽ֮ļ紺ȱڴšɹɸ³ʪ֮أȵҹӾ꼱ԴڴˡƲӦûеڶšҹӾ꼻Ī洦ɴ𡣡
ΣҹӾ꼻ͬãɻˡ׹ǡҩЧӦЧɽ֮϶ʮǰӦҹӾ꼡û´ĻһииʱҹӾø֮ӹһ١⺢¡ָҲǲܡ
ôһһˣʮˡ٣ҪЩݲϸ¼ղŲ飬Ӧá

 61 

߳Ĭһ˫ֽӹӷġ
ֳǸ帾ؿ˵ҪΪԼѰҹӾ꼡ֵһᣬδϡҹӾ̫̫ѵõƹܰ¡ֱҵ̣Ҳʱ̽˿
ֳȷʵƽп
߶ָֻߺչɳؾգǰɽ֮ѰҹӾ꼡Сϸˣ׼Źһݡ
Ӧ
һҹӾ꼣ҶĻرȫڱصáǶֳϢĿ϶
ţҹӾ꼻һκˡʱǿұ̵һץ֮𡣡
ţ
ֳߣӣɫָۡҲ
̲ȻûֽţƷ֫඼ۡ
ЦҼǵð֬Ч϶ð֬ãַɺˣ֤һҩ϶Ҵ򷢸ߺݣһȥɣһûʹ״ճĿ϶һƬҵİ֬㷿
áֳͷ˫۷ϥվű߲һһԭλҪҵѾҵ
æȴڲ֪λã޴ֻ֡Ӱ˳ˡ
ֳֽ䣬ܿʰϣ߰ɡ
߸Ҫӿڣʲôһ㶣ϸϸ
ôˣֳ
ߺϲӼҸ£ɫأһѡȷҪ֤Ҫֳ̣Լȥ϶ȸˣ
áֳͷ
϶ϻ͸ߡ
գϸڶǸָġȱŮԴܴ̻ṫ׵Լ̣ϣһ˳졣
ߺݰɣңࡣòҽ߲ÿСζ֪ʲôϰɡ
ߴС岻ãܵõϧҩˮһͽԺӡǶϣҲŸʽҩġǡ׿˵Ķð֬ǳǳĨһ㣬Աʱ֮衣
϶ӣС㽫ҪƷӳɾͺ¡Сô죿
СԴСȷʵࡣǰ¶˰ɣСһγʦδݣѣը˰ʯͷƬϹ۾϶ļٷ黭Ұ֬ΪСˣȴ֪СκأͬеĻлҩġ
С㣬֪϶򻭼ҵߡƿҩҲŭɲƽ϶ͷѹˡ
죬Ŀ¶޴룬ˮ¹һ޺û뵽껹ôһ磬бǸ
϶̧ͷС㣬Ĺ̬϶еޱȶġ
һ㶣Ŀ¶ʹƱ͸ģ϶ŮҶЩ㶼׿˵Ҳ㾹ôҵġ
϶ˣС㣬С㲻ڣƷҲڡϷݵٺãû͵ĹڣװǻЦ󷽡αίԼ϶ֺء
㾹ôҵģ㾹ˣʹ϶
Ŀкᣬһۣ˵ˡʱ˸˲ʱ˴崺絽硣
ڿһᱻл֮Ѹ١֮ŵðҹѡ
ߵ궼ˣٶ༸Ҳδɡ

 62 

С㣬ܻʾʫ̸˵ءЦʱСȥҧ𼸺ѹĻصû½츳ӵļϣ̳СһٶĺӡȻ⻰϶ûʲô˵ڲ϶޹ء
ǴСðСݣƷӶءǲЩصСƷй飬Ҳ㲻֪СǴСãȴԼĿֽС֮¡
϶һ񣬴˿Թ²죬Ļᶼߡ
߾ţһԲ϶˵ˣһˮڸ˰ɣ˽͸ʲݣֹʡ
϶ɤð̶ࡣһۻߡ
ΪҾͻлС㣬תҽСƷ˵ȥȻҪǲƷ˵࣬ҿΪѴֻ͡СҲ֪ͼӴס
˵鷢ôòҲôˡΪ룬鷢֮ʱö˵˼εɻһֻ̻㡣
ɫƽ豭ˮСϸϸ˿ں϶в̡
˵ʵأȥ˵Ҳ޷鲻κθı䣬ɻȢҡ˼ع⡢ѿûκκô
ɵ϶ⱲûɱģԹɫѶ׻֣Щ¶ס˵𴩡ô磬ΪʲôΪ̰ҡʹԲȻʲô
㣿϶ЦİѵлƿصĻȨ𣿡
ܱ̾ͲǸ߸ŷɥƷӡ϶֮Աǣʵ㣬Ʒֻ֪ǴѿϲÿС˴ȥƷӾʱﻭңԿǻˡ
⼸ҲˣƷӱֳС⡣ѡԼʱ򡮷࡯ԵƵʹС¡ԵɡʱҲһΪңҲ˵С׿˵Ҳʲôˡ֮ƷӲ֮ʱ
ɫҰףϲˮָⲻ֪
С㣬϶㣬ŻΪ֪Ʒ£ΪСĽ㡣Ȼ¶ȥ˵òɴƷԶ֣С㣬ѿˡ
豭ƻز϶üĿǷС㣬ҩ͵϶ˡ

 63 

ֳԼǰţָһ֨ѽһ򿪡
СŮĪǻ߳¶
ֳæŶ롣
룬ſԲϣʧȥʶ
ֳ첽ȥ
߲˳һᣬֳߡ
۾ͫɢ Ѿɢʱ
ֳĿ⳯һƣ߱׵ǱߡѪʪס
ŷ졣
֮Լ
ֳҲ䣬ӢڼϡһϴСĺɫջڴ̽˶࣬һᷳǰıġ
Ӣÿ궼̾գֻһһÿʱӢʾ֭ĴǮա
ˣ
΢٣ӢüĿ³ЩѹֲסĽҵϣ̾նýϡá
Ӣǰ̽찭ۣߣ֮Լ
ŲԽԽǰ̡ȡ˽
Ӣһֳ˦һֳ֮˳ֳѪǻҴС㻭ߡаɶᱻӽ̿ʡ˵𣬾ܱ졣
Ϊΰڣ
ʶһӶԷпءһ壬̫ͷ϶ǶϽǲ̫ƽˡ
Сܡˣ۷ڡһˮۿתʹӶɸ㣡
Ż۴ޡ
ƫԴ̵ϲίŻнȥòֵһᡣ
̱ۣס˫۶ţƺһжΡ
ֳ˵˵ô¶
סֳ̧۶ߣ˿ս⣬ˣ²Ʒӣע̬ȡҼӲѶȻǸ粻ֲܵ˵ĵеġһŭƷӾ͵øۡ
Ⱥ̹ţ֮һңϳֳɲ⣬գֳһನƫ˭δ֪
Ӣʱչ̾աˣڡһͿߵʬ塣Ҽ֮Լǵܺˡ̣ҵĻ֣˻
û㣬Ӣ嵭ȴأԽֱֱѹֳ
ûٿһۣ˵ô¶

 64 

֮ǰСѾˡֳ˵˲ɱġ
˵ʱ߹뷿㣬˵ɺϣҲҪɺϵ㲻ͷ
ƣôеıܿȺҪô賿ҪôʱʱվͶˡӢΨһġ
ÿ߶ʮʱû
뻭һݷûС㡣ֻ;һֳ˵⣬ô˵Ҳ㻭СˣЮԱҲ鱦ȨƲֵҼûκɱСɡ˵ƷһҪɱͷϡ
ߵֳԭҼű粨ֳ̣˺㡣
߼ֱţŭˣǰĲûٿһۣɻᣬһ԰ֳؽĻᡣ
һѲᣬ߷»ߣһ䱦תͷִأֳǰ
˵ֳҵˣ׼κ˶̣ҲӮ˽ˣٰʮлѡ
üĿһͷĿȥֳ⣬ֻϸ֮£ЩȤĵı첻ϧн޳ΪЧҲδɡ
ޣҪˣʹн𲻴Ӧ
δ䣬ݺ˫֡˵ʹ򣬾̫ǻطƱػ˵ߡæѹƴĽ⣬ֳּ巴˼อ
ȴһǰһơⱣ޿֣Ƹ͡
ڶ̶̰ʱڽٻغϡ
̲һˡ
ֻءǰԼĻᣬά⡣
࣬ȴ²졣ֲǻߴȴǴֳ϶
΢ɲ̾뻭ɱϮֳ鲻̫ãֻôһҲ󲻺÷ִ硣ֳԲסˡ
ȱзֳӣָֻʹɸֳʺ
ֻǣָⰴȥ
һֻסⲿʹʯѹֲôһתǰһƣȱͽ̺
ѽ̵
λɺɢͣƬ̣䡣
ذƾ룬ͣסתͷѭصġ
̣վֳ

 65 

ֳǰȸֶָ
׳խ
Ʒӣˡ
һת˲ԾǰһӲûط⶯̻У˳ƻȹƺɱȥ
˴лأƽض
սȦΧȺΪǣ׷˱ܡ
ߡӢһһһסֳ
þôˣһз紵ݶ̶
ЦһβɨߣмΪ̡̲
ʶ꣬ʲôʱʤȯո߸ϵģµשǱ˫ΪūҲְ¡ֱƷû˸
ձ˰ɡȻֻһ㣬պһԽԽʹֻˣȲ뿴ʧ̬ģ
ִʲô⣿
ֳ빫ԶЩ
ûôôΪҿᣬһѺá
˻۵ӡ
˻ûһƬõض߹̻ɢҲ࣬ƹȥܣҪûˣһ˽ĻͿȥ
˫ָжֲܾһ˵ģ븱ҵ˶żҼʲôˡ
ɫӰӹͷ
˳ŹߣӢתһսȦ
ˣװҲס
Ⱥ˳ƸԺ岽
̳ءȲж
ȹֵƷӴأˡǾͺá
أ˼֡ʵףٴȥֻǶɸҡ
̬Ⱥףֳ
ֳһԥƬ̣Լñʾʾ
лƷ顣ֳǰ
Ӳ׾һѧġѧŮӵʧ޵ߵѡ
ֳҲñŤԲװˡ
ƷӣûɱС㡣СˣҺ𾪣ҲġڰӦҵΪһҪҪϵĵط浽
һ
ֳôûôô򷢣ڸʬ޴档
ţƷ˵Ƿþã
̿ߣǣҪһ˵˭ס
֪⻰˵˭ߣԼ
ֳΣֻԱƷӣȻʱڤ벻̫òҪҪԼģ
۾΢УĴſһ廨СĿ׶


ֳ󵨣ǰǷˣƷһֱƣƵƵв·ֻΪԱȰƷĪҪƣ˵򣬷Ѿȫ
һ£ܿع񣬡ֳ̣ɱˡ׼㶯£л˵϶ǰл㡣
϶ͻȻľګң

 66 

ʱʲô
϶ɣڻСҩСôʣǻҶɱ˻С㣿Сôô롣С׿ڷԸȥС㣬ҲȥʵִСķԸôɱˡС㣬ĪҪЦˡ
߽˫϶ͬһ𳤴󣬸񣬵ȻԸʵ
϶֮Լ㣬һĺҲ㡣
Ʈ֣ƽףڳ˾¶֮ɫ϶ĪС㣬˵ʲô϶һҲС㣬Ц϶Ҫˡ
Ҿ˸ϸϸ˵ߵ
̵Ⱥԥתǹͷ϶
ҵķԸǡøһǰͨ衢ȡ˽ɡߵûҩҲбȥ֮Լһʵʩݡһ˿֮Լһˣ̰ƵĽϪ
϶ҡͷҲһˡңϪδı棬ûкɡ
ǡóӣ¼ң¼ҷʮǰ·ɽ֮ϣбһӤ¼ҷӣΪ⣬ڲŮ
Ӣ°´϶ͷף˵ʮ궼Ӵǲϸؽ뻭ҵ˱벻㶼ʮˡ
СϪͬһ뻭ңһҵŮϪʳ¡ֱҡཻ꣬ῴһֱ׾һɽݶϪӸǿƣû۸㡣ڻұ㲻ͣԹѾá̰ƵĽϪʵʩ֮Լĵһ󡣡
ڶǵùѩҹ˵֮ԼÿɱһˡԭֳΪֻǸ帾Ҳ˵ʲôû뵽һͷֳѩҹв޴ҹѰƣԭֳ֮Լѩҹӭͷײϡ״ֲ
ǻߣҽ㡣΢ʮֱʹֹΪ㣬ǽԼҪ̶ˡ϶֪һֱкøУΪң֮Լ
϶ٱ⣬ĵС˲Ƕ̰Ĳĳ˻Сʱ͵ĳʳסĸ顣ôЩͻʲô̱öĶ͵߾ΪУΪԼ⡣С˵־ף˶¡С㣬ûرеģ㲻𣿡
ûʹң벻ҪЩʳס֮ĸ飬ЩҲˣϰˣ㲻̣¡ֱκһˣҶƴΣҵΡߵ϶ΪͣʵáЩķȲһ㡣ҾԸʧȥ㡣
ʵʩ֮Լ¡ֱҲŹ㣬ӡҪһô죿

 67 

֪϶Լģȴû뵽϶ȻΪɱ㡣ϻͷһ֣ʱȰ˵϶һ
֮Լȥʣ˭̵
϶񲻸̡֪ײˣԻѰҡ
̻֣ӴϸĴ϶ֽţɱ⣬϶ɱ˳͵飿
ޡ϶
һŰֽƮ϶ǰīд״޿ɱ粵Ҳ粵϶̧ǩֻѺ
̧һָͷ
ѹ壬飬໵һͿ϶һŻѪ
߸εѲֱӣֳؿ۴ޡ
̼϶һ᲻ԣѪϸҲ޶ԡߵĿγѣǰοߣС㣬ޡһ϶Ҳܡ
Ҳ̲ס˵϶ǰסůܰ㲻ͬ뻳ı֪ΪʲôҪɱˣǲֵһ
϶˵СֵáС㣬֪϶ϲʲôС緢ŭӡСʴӱʮɨһ޷֣һ޶ĿգŴū븮ΨðԶԶܿڸū̧ͷ̫
С㣬̳֣ûٿĹ϶Ψһûڵģ֮Լɱ̡С㣬϶ҪˣЦһЦ𣿶Цһ¡
ǻȴͻȻЦѪݣȾ죬ޣ߸ڲһȸбʹȴᡣߵ鰮ʧְ𡢶죬Ůߣ㶼ʲô
á
˵֣϶档
һ׹أڵϡ
˷γѡ
ʧǡڵء
ֳǰ
ȭͷսϣߡ
Ƕɵְ
ҵŶɥڰߡŭݡʹ϶޿ɷţ׷⣻ǰϵùһӻؼᡣ
ҼΤࡣ˹Ŀ㣬߷ơȴ˿Ů˷վһ˵ֵҲû˲š

߻˵أΤһȹ
аʧ˲ǰһڣڷѪǡ
۹ء
ΤŰŮʬ˫̤ŭø´˹һƬɪɪ
̡Ӣ񲻵òϥء
ȰֳԴ
ֳſ˫ϥգָ롣
ˡΤٳ¼ʬʾڡ
ǣˡ
ֳе̴˾٣ɱ϶ʬ衣

 68 

ʲô̱һŮֻἤŭŭ޴йĻΤԻҵԶ׼¡ֱѡΣĴҸ˲ţҵ̡ϹټҵĹԼҵҵĹϡҼΤư¡ֱңѡȻ߸Ϊ㡢ΪλõĵӡֻӳӲˣٰ֡»Τô
Ҹʲô
ǿһ˻شȻ˵ӣֳñӣҪǻΤͰ̵ʸ£ԵѡΡǣҲ˵ˣһ˲ţΤδг̵ˡҲ»Τ
ԻΤΪ׵ӰԶȥĴҽӻؼˣͷϵ½ɢ
ȷֳЦΤ¡ֱҰ죬λã̱ȻҸҪңﻭΤڴģһƾꡣӣҪȥ˶ķɣһ
ʲô
ȥ
ȥ޻ء׿ͷĵطˣ
էòãĺܶһ
ֳɰûüȰȣһزͣࡣ
׳ų£չ롯վλס뿪·Χ赻ӡˣСǹҼ͡ү롣ѾϷ;Ʋˣ͵ȶλˡλСΪѡ
͵أĴҼһգȲûΤ廷ȴҲʡ
ңǹ
ֳʶȸ첲
ǰͷֳС鲽Χȥһ㶣˼¡
ڵŨ鷺źתһֳֺ˫ֳ֡Ҫʧһ˫˵ߡ
ʲô

ʩֽ⣬ȴá
Ҳ˼ΣһɶȴֳƤۡ֣ͣзɽ⣬ȴҲðա
ҲǶΪʵΪ
еӢûѡ
¶һ첻⣬¡ֱҵӾһ춢ֳͷϡ
Ȳͷ¡
ֶ˵ͷˡ
ֳϳ
ͷ½̲ǳҲǸġͲסֳֵ࣬ľ룬Ͱѹ˸š
¡ֱĴ֮ϵĹȨΪĴƾѡ˽¡ֱҸֻϹ
߾ӢΪ̵ϡ٣һҪλڶ࣬¡ֱ߳ɶǹҵˡಡλʱɶү½ȫȨүʼߣᣬͬλֳŮԻˣ޵·ƼȨ

 69 

ֳ˵Ӣ֪ӢԼܳСӣԼ󻧣˵һ˿ڳԵĶԼʳ
ˣӢȥССƽ¡æǰæ󣬳˸ҹжصĶȤζҲûĽ͡ÿƽصط˼ƽСôе
ֳûּҴ壬ָֻлʶءֳȻֵȤƿ޲ðԴȥ
˵ǣֵʲô㣿
ҡ㿴쿴¥ͷаСɽߣŵζϺõĻŽҶ̣¥ھ¥ſڶ߼Ҿ̽ӲһƬҪϹҵľƹۡ˶࣬ĸ࣬Ҫܶʮ¾ͺˡϲƷƣҪһ
ֳϢ͵ҲࡣңҶ½ǶаƴСľջӡºࡣԼҵĲҵ
ĴιϷֵ̣Ҫ˲ܳ¶ҪԷټˮϹ³ǣԼҹͣ۶ԼƿشԼֻǸֻ̻ҪԼһ仰һ˵öʣһôʳһ롣
ֳζԼȻֵΪ㣬£Ķ˼ӦѰӢӻҺ̿Ӣû׼ҶQһ
Ӣбֳ˼򲻻ȷǳ㣬ӢӻǵһӣǵĴҼɵĳ룬ҲԶǲǡ
ֻзʲô
ֳҴȿ˵Ĳʲôû
㣬ձ⼸ҪȫԸҡΤʧͣҽ᲻ںġ㻤ңһȥˮҾԸϡӢȻӱֻҪӢ¡ֱҲ鷳
ֳһʱ䷴ԣȭͷϥͷսҲͬ⡣ҵСͽң²ҪⱨӦȣҲعѰɡ
ţ
˵ǹôһ˲Ŷʣǻ²ҪⱨӦ˵ûܱȫ¶ϴܿûǰּҹһ𺣡ǹŵĻҪնݳ

˵ʲôǷĺúõģֳ嵽ͷôҲֵȴӲЦĻʮа˾ġȫˣ
ֳǰһڣһӿϺͷŭıʹȣңڿЦ˵Ǽٵġ
ЩұôΪɡϣεʱ䲻Ҫ̫ҿ쵽ˣû˼ΡӺԴϼ£һ֮Լɣĸ㡣
˵ʲô
ֳɻƣﲻ֪ʲôʱź⡣

 70 

ⲻܣѵ϶û
˵϶ǰʳ࣬˼١Ҫˣ̷Ź϶һԼĿԸӣ϶ʲôһ˵ɱ϶϶϶ѰҲǸ
϶ֲ˵Լûֻɣèܻᱻèӣ϶ɱȻߴĶࡣֳһǡ϶Էߴ֮ԼʩתƵϣöԷ
ǣĸ֮Լ֣߳ʩδ
ֳһ亹֮Լ߱ڳ׵ǡʩ϶˵Բܱ¶֮Լһоû塣ԣһ֮Լǰɱҡ
סֳ򣬡ǽҹʱɡӣҲ¡ǿݣͬģҲǼ¶
һֻڴϻֶšͻſ֧ôһ˲ֳоϲָо
Ȼһ˲䣬о
ҡһ·ͣսµأλ︮ˡҼҹӵŶλء
ֳȲԼ︮שߡϺպգɴ˵֮˽ԴĿӡĿ֮ǹ︮
վſڣŷƵһͶŶˡ
ô
ֳɻţȸղ˵Ļ˵Ų¶ͷҲȥңأ֮ȥˡ
ؾָԶ
ӡƿأƤӵ±ȷ¶ҪôĶࡣ̸֪࣬õõʧΪһλùڱصá
﹫ӡ輫ߣڵֳȫϡ︮ҴҵҲ١޺֮ǡ
ӣҪȥĶȥͥŲԽȶԽֱӹأӡ
ȥһûһЩƽż˳ȥơֻʱ̫ãطˡʱﻹһƬӣڰεضһߴۡ˸̾תơ﹫ӲһҴ·ɣϲ·
Ȼ⡣ܶһҵҡֻǣ˶Ҵ㲻е𣿡
ȫᡣ﹫ӣҼԱСԿͷġһǣҼ֮ǣλû˭ҲǴ¶﹫ӣ˵ǲǡʱ磬һ
Ƚ򣬵ڶԷγѣ﹫ӣǡ
ߡ
ֳһͿϵ˵̻ҪĻȥ𡣷Ϊձնݳô˻հаùһ¥
ֱһȱĹ⡯ͼסֳȴ˸ա
ֳһ絽ǰһȭϹƤʹѪͬʱһϮ
ɱҼˣҲǣֳҧгݡ
ѽԭѾ֪ұⲻ̫ģġǣɱġ
ֳԼһֱѹŵ֮ŭʹǵϯȭͷ·۵Ƥͷ­ϴ
øξδֺ򡣼Ƿjishͨ˵СС޹ʹұ΢̧
һ˲鷢ֳòȫƷȻͷ

 71 

ֳձܿùĿյֱһȭͷ۾ϻӡ
ĵطһ
ʽֱסֲڵ˷ָ
ǹƯˡͨƿһѣѵȷŵ㡣˽սս˲Ϣ䣬ٷֹʵжϳŵ㣬Ǽ¡
仰˵ֳԶֵĹԤо׼ˡ
һ㡣Ľַһ㣬ɱһֲ
°΢ȭëϧˡ
ֳʧδ䣬ͻȻֳתȭͷһǲһָϸƳծذס
㹻ذ׵ס
ֳһһƽذβŭʹֻüǰذ׺Ŀĵء͸
֪ȭ˲ڸһذס
˳ƶˣͬʱŲһתеȭֳһ
ѹֳһͶȾֹǰһʶɢ
ɺ޿ɺޣӶ춯ôΪʲôɱ
סӣֳ
ˡ
鷢ͻȻԶԾʧʧְ񣬡ү
߽ù޳һŵòᣬüĿһɱ𣬡ү£±⸾ү֮˽⸾ˡ
㱣ʮġ١ôڱɡҪһү㵱
ͨ£һת䳤һһСָڵء亹²ӣүˡ
︮ΧĻȱСָΪү˵ˣСָӰõ佣˾Ͷˡ
ٶϾֵָˡ︮òȵĲзϡ
ͷ͵ĸ£ǣлү㡣
⻤˫ĸָ
ֳӹȥŮ˽㿴ˣѡǰҪݡ
ǣү
½һֳˡȱĹ⡱︮Ͻ̤ԺӡˡȱĹ⡱үԺ䣬û˸̫ͷ϶оСΪΡү˽ĵΡ
ΪΡǹ︮ܡ濴һ䳤ݣͨӡ޴ڱ鲼
½һƿ·ɡ

 72 

½һ㱳ĺˣ£
;һ⣬½һתԶͤλˣ񣬡ٸ
ʫԻȴ֮ˡǳ£ԽԽȥˡ֮ˣ˵ʮš
Сʱ䱻ӹֹˮϵͤ塣
½һүС˽˴ΪΡ
ŮĵˣүҪ檱ǡ͵˹
½һٸˡŮѼˣүлҪʡ
ֹˮǸˡүǿŮӡǹ︮ȶ¶˵ء
˷ˡˣҲûĥ˵οʵδ
½һΪץֳүҵĪҲӡСˡ
Цһֹˮɿǣ˭ĵӣүܴɣ㶪ˡ
ˣ˵顣
ˡ
½һлֳͷҲؽΪΡ
ˡӲá
ߣԽ޷졣𣡡
ΪΡмɽͼһΪ鷿ҡң㻨ζӯҡ
ֳڡ⡰ΪΡֵúܣŴ󿪣ȴȥֳָΪڣǿŵ͸ǽڡ
ΪΡͬŴޱڣһȥͬʱҲ롰ΪΡŴӣ޶¡
ֳ˰ٰʮأŶˣȻءĬĬԼȡˣƺܿĵȥΨһᡣ
ҪҪʱٳȥ֮ԼŰʱȡء
ᰡ
žǵ˵ģɺľ
벻ᣬͬһ˼ҡ
ߵ£˫ѾٵŮ̴׵ˣū澷ү֮ʳ
ֻۣʮ͡
Ŷǡɡ
ס䷿ĹʹϲˣŮѵüһˤģһ֣ǣˡ
ˣ˼дˡү뷽ʽ̫ޣûס䷿Ϸ߶ġ
ôһ˲ֳвӵĳ嶯ﳯʱ̴ľļҾߡοյ񻨵ĺľ˽ۡ⳥嵥ȶġ
ΪΡżߣŮСȶλáŮС󣬶˲̫ȵ롣ֳ׼ſʱûӭȥ̣һֻȻȻ̽⣬ܳɣҰ㡣
ˣǸˡŮжҪˡ
ڲ˹
ιܳȥϷ
ֳĸ̾ĻҲӦøл㡣
ֻȫȥֻص
ֳйѣΪʳʳٶһ·
ŮüЦǵһūʳˡū֮ǰʳԷһһأۡū澻ǲԼ̫޷ʡ
Ļóԣرóԡ㣬ţ۶֭ıʺɿڵĽϴˣóԵҼֱͷ̽ȥտȥ¥ˡҿظ˵ûһճ㡣
ⷬά˵Ůڴֱֳ֣˵̫ˣūôáȻѡū澾ýͷʮתǿƤüˣһ¥һū澣˵ʲôˣУȥ˵
ȻҺһҪүôռ㡣
Ůڰ֣үŻȥҵ䣬Ժ˲࣬û˻עū澶ˡΪΡ
Ϣ漰ʱ̱ϵֱֳү˵ʱ
ŮܵţҪֳţŮ˫ϥһȥ͵Ӵū֪⣬⻰Ī˵ǽūʮӣūҲ̽Ѱүټ
ү˵ƣӦǳع֮ˣˡӢžСŰ塣
⻰֪ŮҶ˸ۣĹȻˣ˵֪ѹ˽ūǶү˫湫ӡ

 73 

һߣͤ
ֹˮӵϣɢ֡
ղŻúõģ⺢ƢԽ粻ˡ
ҡͷֹˮϰǣûǵ㣬ο
үʱ̾ѾɢôЩˣĶһ֡ҶңΪ︮ٸֻǲҷ
üͷֹˮ
ǹ︮Ǹٸǵֶܽôȥ︮Ҫˡ
ֹˮסڣǳ˳ٸ︮ѧһˣʮʱġ£ֲ׳ԼȴǫʡĻʻ𡣡
ָһ̳˲ˣ΢еĵĶǺȻš·ҷǱȻģݾ͵ÿ
ֹˮֻʼ磬һ⣬ֳ°Ͱʵ˵ҾĲĻʻ𡣡
˵ҲʲôҲؽʵˡڵĹ︮߻ֻǹһְֻڹΪ︮쵽µģֻй񡣡
ֹˮ˫ֳ°ͣһ޺ְݵĿ⿴巴ʡԼ˵̫ءֹˮȻʴӱᣬ걻һԼǿȽϣʮ˶Թԡ
ȣֹˮÿ˶Ƕһ޶ģֻԼĳڣױȵġֻǹǡ¡ֱеġ㲻Աһأı˼Զڹ֮ϡֹˮѾܶˣԼ̫ѹ
˵Щϣ㲻ҪԼڹϡĿųԶһ֣ᷢ˼ʵŶţëҲϰԼûʵ
ֹˮԽԽԣǰοһǷء
ƫִִ︮𰵾壬вֵơв֮ģͽԴбһεҲ黢˵µСʱ佨֡ţðġ
仰˵ԽλԽȡ
屾ⰲοӣ֪Ц
尲ȲЦ꣬ŵֹˮʡ
ǣʡֹˮһףûͷƵ̱ЦᣬֹˮٸĸҲóΪţֻš̫ţһʱ˳ۣѡ
ãҵĺöӡ
ЦˣŽͷһɨա
ʮǰ︮
Դر˷ԣʮĹݡչӵֱҲᵫѹһͷ𽥷ȨҲʮʱܿյʱ빫ͥĹ½ܣùһ
Ҿܲóֹ֡ˮƽֹˮȴԽθԽ󡣹ҲˣĶа֮磬һѪӡֹˮƤϵݳ谮мӡµ︮ŵĹưڡϵõĹҲֻһ塣
ˣֹˮ弼áòû
ҡҡͷɲļ֡˵Ҫ˸֡
ǻͦҪֹˮĬһͶүͻʱһСûʲôȨҵ˵䡣Ϊٸһµľү͹񶷵ʱ޸үǣƹöү˿롣︮Ųڶȥ̫ս߸̨
Ϊ㿴ĺ󱲣ҽܲˡԹ̫ˡһʮȢʮС檣ĥ㲢ûΪү׽ܵүԺһڡ
÷˿ڲˮֹˮ˵ˣ
ˡ
Ǿ˵˵ļƻүļƻ
һ˵ˣֹˮ£˰̳ȥ
үһֳŮˡǶ֮ԼһߣҲȵӡֹˮ˵ϣз
岢⣬ĴҲܡ񲻽ŮɫͻȻһŮˡǶɣĴҾ֪ȥ
Ϊհа飬ץձаүµ֮һүλֽһ¡ֱҽǹ֮︮ҫܲ˵ôİүҿɲš
Ұǹ︮ǹ
źߡ˿ˮͿʲôƻ
˵֮Լʵʩǹ»Τ᲻ùܡ̡Ӣ͹ǺֵܣһֵǽĺϷٲˡֻҪ︮ʱ͹иǶԪˣֻй︮ǸʱһѰκ֣һᵱݽŲš
ͷһ䣬򴽣Ϊ顣
˽⹫˲ֹ˺빫︮ۡ
ᣬֻҪһ죬ǹ︮ˡֹˮ˵ԼʱۺҼֻһ£ɲ⡢ݵΨһӣ︮ɹ˿ƽơ֣໥ƺ⡣Բ飬ͻֳƳձʦͽƽ⣬ֳǻ̵Ǹˡ

 74 

ֳҶ߳ΪΡƻʳѵɤۿҪϢʱʧܡ
ֳͷҶ롰ΪΡҶǿĵĲˣֳͦŶӶż⣬ԭɢҶһ룬Ÿ첲ȥ
Ҷ磬ʳŲ֤ݣˣ㲻Ҫɣ
òصʵ״үĹҪǳڡΪΡ˭ģʵһΪ˰ԼСȥͲˡ
ţ
ū澾ӦóŵûšҶֳָָƤһƤѹһ⡣ȵȣүĹͣʲộСӡ
үֶҶͱ½һүΪһöָ³ɲñ̻ˡ
ǿ߰ɣ̰죬һСū޹ءˣūˣзԸ˽Ҿǡ
಻ǰ׳Եġʵֳҳһȥ
̸п֪ΪΡҶֻһƯ͵ķ䡣ôЩ꣬רŸ𡰻ΪΡŮ֪Ҳ˵ΪΡֻضá
һ㣬ڣΪΡֳֻҲֻסֳ
Ҷܳ磬ֳ½һҲԡ
ֳһڷΨһ𣬾ųǽӡ
ҶϵʱӳȥűڡΪΡ֤ݡ
ֻҪܹҶϣܴȥ
ֳϡһУŶӽۡ
ҶŵһNɪһһأû°ɣ˱ū澣ū澻٣ѵ껪ûܵ˿ϧүиΣүַ̧ūһ·ū±һţ˴¡
Ÿʲôдǹ︮ûūͳȺ򶼽вɡֳɫݻͷ
ҶγѣС׵ͷԶԶԣдд򡣴!
Ҫܾͼһ˫۰ȦԼӣͬʱ˫Ż䣬ˡ
û˵걻̵ֳĲͷֻ۵ܲ˵Ťŵͨͨʻض
Ѵйʬ嶼͸ˡŸʲô챳ȥ죬ĪҪ
ǣˡҶæұֳܳΪΡ
ȻϣΪΡȦضӡݻǶʱõĽӡʵʩΡ
ûֳܳҶʾԼ
˳סһΪҵ򡣸õүȥΪƽʹȥԷ
ʲôֳʮ£Һˣɡ
ҶŵòᣬֳֻǻعⷵգȾܽɣū澣ҪˣΪʳ֮ꡢū澵СǧҪס
ֳһֹԷ
ԷԺӼǽ߸ûʡϡС豭綼ǼΪ
Ϊ
¡ʽЬ廷䣬ýߴӭӲͬĽǶȿǲͬ羰ɼһߡ
ȴݷƣûж⣬£ͷƺܲסѩ鷢ҡҡ׹·һҪ
Ӵ˵·
̬΢֡źӵȥӣ۴Σ˼ǹأķʱҹ°ɡ١ˣģĪҪ롣
ջӣ£סָ⡣̧۱ˮվڴѣǰظ˰ɡĶ뿴
ˣҴСѣүǰЩŻҡҡͷ˽ų񲻹ʮңŮҽŵʱ;ƿݵˡ
ԷŻ˫ҲǸȺչģƤѪ
򣬾˰!
ԶҶĴɤš򸧶ֳֻѾͷ浽ҽҩ
ôˣ
˰򡣡Ҷϲ
æӸֳĲվࡣ
Ҷŷİֳ£ĿǰΪֹǻģ¶ˡˡ˺ڣūȥɣ㵰ֺͽεعһ⣬ϲ
Ҷһ֣һɣı뿪ֳסһ
Զˡ ۡûʲô⡣
ѣ۾֪ȥװġ
Զġһ滰
үĹͣȻӻΪܳˡۣҼǵֳϲƺ
ֳ䱸ȼߡ
ˣýţҲẦ㣬ᱣ㡣ֳָָɰ֮Լ¶һǣͷ䣬ʱˣʱ㶨׻ΪҪ㡣
ͻĳһ˵о֮ų˵ĵϣֳžӽˮˡ
ֳ𣿡
ȻҪ졣ձа顢аү˵ϵһ˭ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣȡ㡣ֳøжôϵĲ˼ֱǴݷ֡
һֳˡͿ˵лСһƨ£ǾͿıˣ򣬹ؼʱ̿ǧӡСˡ
Щֽɰʾһͨ˺һ˼˰аԺҲûӹ˽ɨߡ
Ҷ̹ʱɵۣ뿪Ƭ̣ôͻ˷ء
ͬĿꡣ
ֳ˾Ȼ൱ĵ
ӵʹֳŲҲöһѵ̬ͼӴĨڹ
ޣǲĨڣôľǴڡ
ɱȫҡԣû˾͸ѪծѪȥ
𣿰ںúøɻԵ︮ࡣҷˡ
ץƺӢߣСˡֶԼбΪΪ֪Ůӻؼһ¶ȿˡ
ύˡ⺢ӱȽѸ㣬Ϊˡ
̸ֳ԰ɡİɡ
ϹСʺֳ˵ЦʧɢĹۡһֳ֪ͨĶˡأ˰ٷְٻ
˷ǳᣬǰǲ漰
ֲ鳹ûƢ
ɱ˷񼫵޹ؼ˲ǣҲס
Ϊ˲Լѻֳܿ¶ֳģʱЦĴȵЩֳ࣬
˵ʱ˻ֲϣֳ᲻ɿĩˣ֤Ҫ
ֳҲĵڴӦдףʡָ̨ʹת
꣬жһֳֻһ
ֲڡβкڵ㡣ȴ쳣ó˳䰮쳣
ΨһҵĶֳãҷһ㡣
ֳжһϧ
ҶС۽ǳ춯ؽ顣вˣֻԼºʰһʱһ٣ΪʲôҪЩ¶
ʱ𣬺а𵴹︮
ֳ󡣡ɫģָڿһһȻǸоܸ߼ţƵӡ
һȼ
Էһ
һ飬ȼ
ɺ޶
ܣֳЦڲУı̫ˡ
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ɫһ䡣
ֳ˵㿴ʲô
ү鷳ˡ
ɶҵ鷳лл
նǹձүү֪꣬¶ԹۡˮֻһֹˮҵСˣͲҰĲС
ùǹǳֹһˡ˼ˣֳЦֳ׽һص㣬˼վܼܣ
㲻Ҳɲ㡣ǽ̤ʯ͵ŹȪ·ͻȻһתһƣֳܻܵ𣿡
аү֮سĴΣ
ڶһ磬¡ֱˣɹѹˣֳȥԲ鱻
Բ顣
ҼΤ򶫷Ů˸ҴùͷҼռסЦǺǱ飬ơЦաͷΡЦϲޣƲ٣ӹֹˮȫȨͣδѣϷλԼҼԷ޳ߣǸͨˣȴ˼Ŀӱ
룬¾ݣͨ˶ҲΨһ˫ڵӣһžͲǷë
Բ֮⣬̡컭ؾӢѹֳǹԼȻӢû취˭ͷ綼Ǽ粻ֲᡢӱȾ˺ʹ
ӢԾСŽǱ߿ϣˡ˾Ӷߣһôһҵմ֮ϡʵǲǻʲô
ЦҼӶѡ
ֳ˫˫Ű˻ɫģ·ȴˡ
ͫ׽Ӣ򴽣ͬʱ
񣺡ȣء
ǽ͡

 75 

һǰ
ɽ֮ϣҹ
ձ˫ֵԺɨɾʯϺӣƺڽżϵȥתȦƲͣ
Զ󷨰ɸ޴Σÿӣȥһ󷨣ͬʱѪ״ɢ
ȥһ󷨣㱾̶ֳֻȡ̫̫ָ㱨ҲֱڴĴ·ˤϲĿ졣ͽа󷨶ǰˣöı¡㿴еҸڹôøʹ졣ˮƽֻĸҡ
ξĬһסڣ
˲㡣
аһ֣ձӽɽ֮ϵĻֹС
ֹ硰ءֵټȻ󷨡
ֹȸսһ㣬˵ʮҹа鿪ֹȹ״򿪣󷨷ų༷ѹ״ʱձһѻչˣɵġ뱨ⶫǱƷöپö١Ƿñ˺͡
Ҳ֮аķߡ
ձ˵ĺܣʱ˺ͣһĺͽ
ıֲԤڡ
Ȼôеļܴ̼˾ϲĳ̶ȡ
ձ˸ƺ뵽¶û˵Ÿ첲𣿡
һ٣ƿ˸ӣɫñ˺ӣŰƤоʹҽĶ
ձۣСӸ߿֡˼һôЩ꣬ļĶˣͷһοԼȥġ˵
¡ֱҡֳǷҪĳ롣վһѡգһݵļ֮¡
Ŀʹûʲô顣аջɥʧȫ顣ŭԣһӾͻеϯصıʹ
֪ˣлضñصûӰձһᣬͷǾ̳ӱϣ̳Ȧ
󷨣ʦЩơյĴҷͷȰɣһ㡣
ձָʯ弸£˼ԡȻ󣬰ӱĿɻȥ׼ˡ
쵽ɡȲ뿴ݡ¡ֱĸϲ־ɫһܾʡ
ͽһõٿһ
ա
λȱˡ
߸ϸֳ


 76 

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аү¼Ѿȥ꣬ȴݺһǰ¡ֱҼȫս˽֮ҡ󲿷˶ǴСšͻᱻаүߡġǻӰ
ϵ伣ķΪͻȻ֣Ⱦ
ԼҼ̾˿ʮһǵΪշ衣аүҶΪƵķɢˡʱֳ꣬ˡ
ң¡ֱӡġʮдɢ
׷Դ¡ֱҵĴǶԲסֳ
جβ֣ȥԣֳ봦
Τ˫ƵʮŶͷ鼴̴ڳ˶¸ϵǾûʲô˵ģɱ˰ɡ
Τת뿪
̶֥µʱ䡣ҪȥŮڵû飬Ůǰһܺ¡
һ㶡
Բ鰡Ҽ˵߾ߣûа
̲סҼÿĿ˵ɱɱĻʲôʺһ仰û˵
ΤüĿһ׼ˡͫھбš⽴ûഭһڡ
С洽
һɧȴΤǿѹġ
ˡ˭л˵һ
˾彻ӣᣬΨǵλɱƿڴ˷ˣǷˡ̣ԸΤ
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ô
еˣҲԲϵϡֹˮԼҼ
в̣첻ݷŷʮ£¡ֱʧ졢ʧְʧ¡ֳǡûʹɡ
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ֳ̧ͷǶ֪Լ˲ܸܲν⡣ӰѷõҲҪ
ֹˮЦ̧𣬡Ҳͬ⡣
ߣŮˣĪǿŶëûСӡΤƳһ۹ֹˮγЦԲӶôӴλûأת湫һ仰ϾҪ䣬λߣܱռéӲʺáҾù񲻴ʺλӡ
ҼǼүȻ֮û˱ȵˡֹˮܣӸλǸʡøλЦˡˣҵҲûȥ˼ҵĺӣϴƴôļҵ͸˵¡˵ǲǣҼ
ųΤŮòֻ֣̰æ𻭼ҡ
ֹˮûԡԷӿڳᡣΤ
ֹˮԼ죬ңûŵġҼֹˮ֪СëһˡҼһ˷ֹˮɡ
ΤҪ˶ʧʦ緶
Ҽֹˮ˵ԶЩˡֹˮֻǲͬھɱֳ޼ܳȥĹձ˰а顢һͽܡֳϹһ򾡣𡣡
ΤһձϷ򻹲Ϸܽͽȥٸ伣
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ǣǰƽ͹ۣȫԵӽǲΪȥȫּɺ֮µ޿κΡΨһִвλձս󣬲ּҡ
ֳѪӿֱš˵ѹԼּɥд
Ʊ磡쵰ֻѡ
ֳܲŭӺϸһˣҪҾ͸һִоƣսּ߲ңԲ𡣡
һ䲻ʹĵǸҹҳԭ¡ֱֳֻּͻȻǶʱϪũ϶硣
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Īޱ꣬ʧȥǵ̬˰ɡ룬Լ˱ɱˣҪסǶ¡ֱңǸ˾޽⡣
Ϊֳ򲻹¡ֱҡ
ֳĨ˰ᣬѹڷӿķʴݺݵջĶԲҪΪҼ˳˭ǹͬҶɱġ
ͻȻմһ񣬷Ĺƨʲôޣ㵽ּҴ壬նݳҵǣַŵǰѻҽҪΪ˱𡣡
ֳǰгɼءһ˫ƷסֳԲ𣬴㣬ˡ
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 77 

ҽĻˡ֤ô죿
ʹţһ߸ϵӣԷָԲҷ͡⡣
ݵִв¡ֱҹ̣ܽСֵܷġ¹شΪ룬Ϊֳˡ
ݻһ䣬ڳϣץֳ
ֳֻͨ帾Ҫ̫򵥡⧲µ·ⴥֳȫʴָʴֹͣ
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㡣֪𾪶һǵĶһ
ֳ΢Դ£˫ַϥǣĺѹֵķҲ
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亹󱳡Իӵʹ۶ֻĴҼʹóĴ˭֪﾿ж󷨡
˵аʦǹձ㲻Ѱаѧ͸
Ѫӿڱǲֳûо۾ĶŹ
ĶÿǽֻҪ
ûбҪΪƴοұҲء⻰СʯκĴŽ᲻٣ɢҿ
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йֳܣǹ²ϣܸһĻᡣ
š࿴һĴҡ۳һսپ
ֳȫͻᱻɣֻýܲ͸޴ڣ粽Уһʱ֮ս
񽣷ϣҲ֡Ƕֳܿ췢ֽûá
ֳ˸أһҪͷ󺹡ԼϿܽˡ
ֳ˲ҡܽ˺۶Բԣ쵽ˡֻҪҽ̵Ĺ죬Ŀ׶͸ϡֳҵĽ¡ΪҵһλõĽҽȫʬͼ˻档
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һ㶣æ˿Ѿˡ˻ˣ¹񹥻˾롣룬Ӳ
׶ֳ߶³ɳѸ٣а磬Ҫʳࡣ
ץˡֳЦĨȥǵѪֻóѵĽ̳븹ޣҲҪΪҼᡣ
ֹˮۣɲһλûժ︮ת԰ݵ¡ֱĲ´ƬҵΪϮʧȥս¡ֱҵʧȹһ
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īʻīǣʼԲΣΧڹֳô
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ջٵ촽ӲЦѿӡתԻΤҼ㰮ŮҲ뱨ң⣬Ȫ֮Ŀɡ
˵ʲô

 78 

϶ʮ¡ֱң򿼺˲ϸ˻ū澡Ŀ˹ǹ񡣹϶֮ˣ֮Լʵʩߡ
˵꣬Ц֪һ˹ҪԱһˡ϶빫档϶ūŮǹ︮߸ϵү˲ʶʶҲõ϶Ϊ
Ŀһ£ûֵĿءЦһζԻʧĳЦ϶ϦദŮĵϸȻһ֪
ֳѽһ϶ǰǶɶʱ̧΢䣬϶ϸƣģӡǳһֱΪߣ˵ǡ֣Ҳ˵Ĺȥ˵Щ˼һūϿӡʾѹˣ˵һηôϤԭһūӡ
ūӡ֮Լһйأ϶һ֮ˣȴһЧҡ
һ㶣ѲɹһˡһʱĿۼϡֻֿѹǲ֪˭⵨Ӹ֡
Τİ𣬺︮ӣ֤㲻ǡϷ԰ǿͷȷϡ
ΤĻû˸ӡ
ֹˮҼɡǶԸֳܺ͹ձҪսҪ֤ص˽ǡң⻰ͷβ˵֪ںġ
ߣ⼸Ϸ򻹲ΤģĪҪ˵ڶΡ
Ҿܾü֪ʱͶĵʱɱΤʲôҡ֪ʲôʱ򻭼¡ֱҺУֱ︮ֹˮǸҪ
Τۣƽ֪˶֪Ǳŭǰסʶһ
ǾϷԶˡ
˻ûôģֻһƺߣ˫ַϥǣֱ𣬶ǰĺ䡣󱳱˺Ѫģ¶ļ׵ǡ
ҼֳɹһսϳΪ˸ԷձôǻҼҶҪ͹ձһġֹˮһǺһʱ˾ι
ζӱʾΪҼɵ̫⣬βˡ
ΤǶĴδ̳˶ڣȴŮϷĽѵ
Ϸݺ¡ֱʮ꣬ŪϷûڴ׼Ϸꡣ
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ͻȻӢһɶ
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Գţ̲ס׷Ӣǿųģһ
Լ˵ǻ𣬹ţձʦͽҪĴڧʱпӡ
˻ԷΪģʱԶվڴ˵Ķ棬ԴԼڲͬ񡣵һ߹һСð
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ԼҼտڲԣ´սӷֳ֡Ƕȿķǳ˵ġ
ЩֵĶȫˡ
϶Ϊ˱Ӣ֣ʵʩ֮Լ
ָӢ㻻ɣҶʮ޹㵣Σ֮ԼôЩˣɶ
Ӣ˵˵˵ʲôԼӣҵ档
㲻Ű֤㿴̯һС۳ͲŸλİװһ弹׵ǻᷢɫһ弹׵ΨһӢҲһ¡
ѾõĹձڳȴֱӶϰݣӢ¡ֱҵˣ֤ʵһͷϣóԸ˼ҵԴӢڳһ
һֱڿӢֱձƿĿ⡣ŭޱһ˿档ͷȻ
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Ӣϼ׵ǡ
Ӣɫ΢⡣
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±ƣӢӣιιιӢ㲻˼ôú㲻ҡ㲻֪ҴСһһ弹׵̬֮ô
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ձЦСӣͷ˲㡣鷳ĲԼң㡣
ʲô˼Ӣ˵㲻˵Ҳһɡ
ӢЦ˵ġȴһԲӢﾪԽԽֱЦ
ǿһ˿ЦԼ֪ĺ͹Ƶءֻ᧿ΣֹۣԼôѿ
ձָ̧дˡǶ
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Ӣ˳Źձָ򿴹ȥԷȻǰݡ
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Ӣĸףôܡ
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ΤϣԼҼǶ԰λһӡ̡һֻĳ뻯һ壬޾Ϊһʧ˺ƽʮ꣬ݵ֮λȢһ֮ǰҲ˵ΪλӣƭȢ֮ŮõһΣɥĲһ塣
ʱ֮Ů̥£һһݼ겻Ĵһڼ䣬һԵİȴԻҼĺ̳谮мӣΪͽڡҪûǴ̺Ӣͬɡ˷£֪ǰݶԼӵ顣
ֳƽؼӲԼҴүүӢҲеܵãݸ鲻١ԼҼҲһֱڵӢɡ
ձԼҶӢԴΪԼҲƸһˡԼҼ֮ŮĻһһֻüʳ̥ȻһƸ׳Լҡͽժߣ϶Сūӡ
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ԼҼĶôýӽڶΧס󷨲ᣬԷ˶ڣһʱս
Ӣһֱ֪ԼҼΪڸǡ֡ݴ˵ӢСʱûܺãһӢ裬ϹҵĴݵġ˻衣ԼҼʱ𣬵˦ϣӴ϶˸֡
˲÷ѿͣʾˡ
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 79 

ǰҶ²޳ͻԼҼжߣϺȻĿūӡϣû˸ūӡ·ֻǶ˵̥ǣ˶ѣ˭Ҳ׼Ƥӵ¶Ҷӡ
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ӶЦԼҼסãá
ߵ϶ڻô갵ﱣӢΪͻȻ빫ʵʩ֮Լļ˺ӢһϵûС
ֳУҹϵǳһֱڰ飬վ֤ݡҪѡͱ£ӢԵ֮λΪ̿·滭λá
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Ӣţ㣬ΪҡҵԵѾõֵز𡣡˵мְϲ
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Ӣʯһڶ첻ѡ
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֪ˡ񲻵òǶ󣬡ңôЩҺòҵһĻᣬս˵æǸ
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ʹ֪Թȴ֪ز
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ձðɣһ㵱ɱɾһҲСȻӣ񲢲㣬Ҳްָ֮顣˼һûϵۻ軨ĵزԱջȳ²С˼ҪƽԴҪӢҪ׶¶һ
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Τὣնһ󷨣֮ʣӰһֱָ񣬡ϷҪΪŮ˭赲뻭ԡ
ּҪѪծѪͷӣŸ뿪˵սȦ
Τ˲˸ΪСһԶ򶷡󷨹Ī⣬Τףؼ汸໥ƣһʱ¡

ߵĻΤսȦؿʱ𽥿ʼʴֳָսֳָϵɿ
Ҳ˺ҵܵܡֳ˵ţΪķʼʴ
̵ĻߣսȦ
Ƕˣɵ۲̫áСŰԿƽսǣɡӢ߽ڿת˼Ȧ
˴ĶĶǴӡ¡ֱ˻÷ֳ޿ײ롢֮Իɻҵķ
ֹˮַ°ͣЦҳһࡣôȥ¡ֱҰӪնˮƯˡ㲻ۺͽܡ׶ӡҲһ¿ɡ
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ͬʱüĿһڱ²˵ʲôûһϰ˰֣ѹ˳

 80 

񣬻־ܣŮ˾ûˡ
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Τֺڶϵˣܼע֮˿ڣ׽׷׹ۣˡ֣ܿܡ
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ǴǰڣֻʣޱȼɵĴڡ
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ͷһǱ˳ס͸ҷ񿴵Τһ˲䣬֪ԼˣҼ
˲洽ÿһƺͷÿһѪʹ۾ɴ¡ŻΨΨŵŵ缦ŮͻȻ񣬡СС۲ۣҪҪСңߡ
ݿ˹ģֱ۾Ƹϵָתͷȥҧ첲۾գݡ

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Ǳ˭ƵɥĲǹ񼱹ִʧְʧ캦޹ĵãвԩ·ţԹ̬չˡ¡ֱҵһ޹һɱǡ
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鷳ˡ
ձЦĺܺãͽһɱǡʱǵڻĲ״ǶӦá
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Īץҽô뿪
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 81 

ϲòһСԼ˺ܴԭǣ˷Ӿʧصĵ
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