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1
ͷۣѹһʯͷ
βˮ֮Ҳģ۵ͬǻҪըѿ߹ҪһһƵġҲ֪ԭô࣬Լģʵڲ׵ĶĿԝˮ׿죬͸ӨӨģһƬƼһ˫ϵŶСšŬ˫ţٸһ㣬پٸһ㡭
ͻȻˣ˫ŶСˮϵ׵ˮһȦһȦģƺǴ˿ǰĻù⡣أʹӵ֫ٺʧˡ۾޺سһƬּŵ硭

ڼ˼ԼǸ֮ˡһޣѾ̳ˣĳȴܱ¾ݡˣһӪĽް裬ʵֻԼ֪ľˮһذķݳӯըһʹ
޷ĺµСȻضȹһʱֻ뺢һ·һһʹࡣõƽ

ƽˣϤһֻҲ治˭һػŮɣŮɣ

ϤֻҲ治˭һػŮɣŮɣ

ͷˣأˮð˳ʪģȳӵıˮ֮лҪʪ
۾ǿһ϶ǰһ磬Ҳûĵˮ壬Ҳûһ˫ŶСѾǱγ䣬һ֦֦ۺĺĻٱò˼䡣

ˣָ鴤£ǰŮΥףզզںŮɣŮɣôˣǲײͷˣ

𶯣

ʴһȴжոչ˱ڣɫأЩ˼ͻȻס˺бؿȥȻȻ

ˮȻʹ࣬߱ĥҪҸһЩ
ǣѵȻûɣ
ѵԼҪ޾ĥ

˼ֱߵҪ

𶯣Ե񣬶һԼŮüԣǧˤӲģҲûƨãƣ

㡭һԵŮԼŮɶŮ롷ģİ˴ǽͷһԼŮɵĸ첲ȺͲӵ飬ܲʡҪǳƽ׵ֲҡ

˼ڴããʹͱвԾ

Ǹ
壬λεĶ۵һһȡ׼ݵҲޣ۵Կ̵ʹġֻԼᡣ

ַˮ֮ʵǸ
ǰò̴ɵ񣬵ǳɫɵĽ֮ɫƯչǸʱǷ󣬵ԵЩδ㣬촽ϻë׵ģǺһӲͦͦĺ

˼Ҳûô£˹һǰģ߳޶ģһĺЦʵ˭

Цˣ֪㲻ʶңҽжġҲ˵Լǻ߳ϣʼĴ
Ÿо̣ȻǰߣҲЩ˵ľ飬һ飬¶ЦӹûˤϣҲûˣ첲ȶ֪ۣҲܶãáȵˤ˺ףܹ˵ӦҲûˤɵ
ָǰһΣǼ

˭Ūģ˼һָۣߵŮ

ŮҲǸСꡱһקӡ

߳޶֣ѵ˼ȻһЦûɵô㻹ǵԼʲôǵĶӦòˤ˰ɣ

һܸ߸ߵǧڻţ˼Ѱ˼Ǹոմǧʧˤ䵽ϣԼƬֻ̡Լôӻصص߳޶Ļʮʱ
˿Լ֣ͷŮʱڵСٺͳӣϲһ֦εĺĻ˿ţ澵һԼŮ˵ǻظȥ

󺰣˵ллҲûİ

˼ػŴǽͷԾƤϲŻңĺѻһĿǺЦһеģŴδ
˼Ȼᣬ纮Ƶģǽܴ򻵵ƬͲˡ

䵭ȴڱ͡һЦȻöϳ˵⻹ҪġԼҼ̸ǽͷƬ¡

˼ͷһǡͷҪڲô

ô˵

úõشǧᱡɣҼǽͷʲô

߳޶¶Цᱡһˣ⣬Ȼշת࣬˼֮񡣡ϵЦཱུģһӢ˵ꡣ

˼ԼΪĶЩҹҹĥδΪԼػܰìܣǧϵѾʮǸˣȻʮһĻԺж꣬Զǣ

˼Ťͷ޺޵Ե޷֣Ҫ˼֮񡣽ĸ֣ȥ಻ʲô顣

ص뷿ǲŮһžԶƷھ￴Լˮɵգ㣺
ϲԿۣˣ¿Աܿһأ

2
Ůɽǧˤһӣ˾ģ֪ǲˤŮ÷ĶǰŮĵԼҷ˵

Լ¤ľɼ壬ǰҶ϶ɣԭԼҼҵ󣬲࣬ټǨף֮ǰεļоϣԶ¤ʱ߳ϵĵͶϡ½ԭıҲؽ躺ҾķֺЭҲǱԺͣĬԼ¤Ҵĵλ
Լʮͷٿ϶ɻƺӵЩԭǣϳɼҶظĳĻʵָѹ塣ǱԼû϶ɵľȷˡ

Լ̾¤˴νӼݣȻǼֺûңʵҲҵ˼ԼλŮɱؼҹעĶ

˼ĸֵܼĸסˡǴӳ˿̽ŮĹ뷿ԼİŮڵ¾Ů죬¶΢ЦŮ߿һĻ˵˼Ъһ°ɣĸл˵

˼ʵҲû弸룬ӡĸ˵񣬲˵ĸ˵

ֹ˺һ˵ΪƵ¤һӲ죬һҲȷʵǺҴ岻٣ЩֻǿغͲ಻ԽֻΪ͵ԼҶڴһûл׺ͿήƵġʱԸȻʼѵҵλϣ˼ұϾǻ壬֮Ůܹ˻ɣҲҫ鹵ġ

˼ĬȻ
һڻʼңҲףںλʱԼһͣʻؽȷʵȡټĺôҺ˶ĵĳĶҲǲǵԼӵĶӳԽͼ췴ҲûϾɱ
ȷʵڱסܲˣںǶġ

ĸֻ˸Ů޽ǣЦ÷ãžѡأЩŮɣҲѰ˼ܼ޵ƫ΢ҼҲǺõġ㲻֪⼸չвɹ֬ˮۣͷͣѬ񲼣һֹ

ؿԼŮЦǴҲôҲȲȥ
ȻָòǵԼŮɣޣǿڶഫ¤ˣ۵£˼ҵĵݹһ޿ޣ۲ţ˵ӽţͶЩ飬ЩʱŮӺȣǼҵŮֻҲûʤġ

ôԼŮģ˼˵

ֻŮȴһ֮¼Ŀҵʵ˼ôˣ

˼˵Ըûһûͷ

ϳһ˵˼ĵǣԭҲС壬ס˼ȻǲһģʼңٹأٽС΢˼ҲҪġǣŮ˼һˣƵģĴ֮ŮҲǼŵԵ˼ңܱϷɱˣܱϼû檳Ⱥְܱûе涯
ҲЩһ㣬۽ǣ˵ĸ˽ģҲϵģŻ壬һپ٣Լմٹ⣻ĸ׵ģҲϣܹҸҵѡ϶ɣڻȾ֮ǡʸңôķңʱսң޵һҫ

С

һҲ˵İɣӮңʵ۰رǶģ֮Щ´棬Щ۰󹬶һˣõüֱһǿȨĵ
ϧˮů֪߳޶ĺӵÿһҹ˺˼ʲôʱ˼Լȥ˼ܶ顣ΪԼ֪Ϣİ裬вޡ

ĸ˵֪ҵҸڼʼҡĸϧŮŮԶ߳ϣ¼޸ˣһӳԿʲҲԸ˵

ĸϲؿŮ⣺ֺγóԿʲ˵ĿࣿĪʲô뻰ô
ȻŮŲͣҡͷȰο䣬ֻ˵úãȲԺ˵ɡ

ĸ̫Ϣ뿪˼ȴϸߣ˵תԼһƴǶŤתĸȻ飬˿̵಻ʮŮǴ۶áҲʱǰڹЩ꣬ʵҲΪ˴˿ҵĻ᣿

Ȼڶմ磬˼ױĸ׵ˣģ˼󲮡Ͱõ㣬ЩҸ˼Ҳʺ˵дʹȻǶ㽲ȽϺá

λˣˢˢõȺһŮɣһӰӣ˫۾ˢˢ˹ĿȻѹȵգĸ׵϶ɴηӵЦŮӣ˵˼ǿ

֪ŮĪĸǹŮж꾲Եģǿȷʵһӡϱ϶ԶЭЩͷҲδػԡ
ǣе£ôЭأ

˼°ݣλ͸˰ȻһߣȴǷ

ȿĿڣͦضĸ˵ܣ˼ɣȷʵǱһ㣬ǵԼ𸴣ڴŮϡ

ĸװڰ˵̧ˣҲң̫ĽҪΪ淣֪󹻲أ

ˣ
˼ĬȻ죬ȴ˵Ļᡣ
ȻλԹ̸һڰĿתϣ׸ϥ˵侲ģ˼гѾ˼̫淣ԭҲѡһ㣬ʡʼɣ˼ΪǲһǶԵԼҵأҲǶء̫๬ֻһ޹ȥΪ淣̫϶ѣǺεȵҫ

¤ԼңʱŮΪҫ˼˵

׶ʱŭĿԲָ㡭˵ʲô

æס׵֣ʾ԰꣬תԵ˼˵˼Ѱ˼ңȷʵ檣̫ӹУƽû˼ˡ»ʺ£ֻһʱҲδԸкŮλãʼҵķ˺䲻ͬ㲻Ҫȴ׾ΪǳǺ㡣

Ҳ׻׻˼ҲΪֻǿ޷˵һĿ͵Լʸ̫֮󼸽ˣһڶѡ
˼£һ±˵ֶŮҡңʵǡ

İ˵˼㲮˵öԣ㲻Ҫȴ׾ôһ㡣ʵ㣬̫ӸĳʷҪǼ࿴㣬ⲻ˵һ䡮ԸͿԱܿġ£һپ٣һҲ˺þã겻Сʯɢɣͷ̫࣬ӲһεľԼЩ๬аʱ򣬶̫ӵǼֿ֮ٹ⡣ӣպǺ
˵ú׼ɡ½ġ̫Ҳֻò㲻Ҫ׾ģŪɳ׾ˡ

˼û˵ĻᣬѾƺ˼Ǯֻͷϲݱɷ
ĸںͷ䣬ʾҪٶײˡ

˼һ֪ᣬȻᶼĸװקصԼĹ뷿

ĸ׸οһ˼ֻᣬ˵ĸҲˣ⺢ôô󣿡ûģԸŮΪױ̫Ӹǰ࿴Ůɶ˳Ψʣ

ĸ˦ŶȥŮսľȰ䣬ȻȥϴˮеѺΣҪƯƯġ
˼ױβ׾ͷֹһεǴϹԼ۾ǲǾͲһˣ
ΣվûиҡûеԲУҲΪ´˾һ߳ΪѺŮɣƲʱĻ壬ĸ嶼ҪΪԵľٶµĴۡǹ˼̫࣬ǱǯƵòɡ

3
侲֮󣬵˼еķΣˮſ׵۾ͬʱһƬڵĺڰ˼Լδ·ôߡ

ˣʲôʱܹġ
е󣬰Ȼ˷˼⡣
һһΪǽͷĶȴֱ֪̫ǰ飻̫ɲʵδ˵Ϊ̫Ҫʱ֪˭㷲˵ϻʵ׹̫·ϲǵǻȻʱ˶ݵ֮˳µؼ޸¾Ҳʱٴμԭǽͷꡪȴһģ

ԸΥ游ĸҲ֪ѡܻĺڰ·جج߽˵ͬ

ҵһ˼ף˵·˻޷ģôܹ·ѡ񣬴žǴӦ޸̫߳ںǵȴպ޸߳޶ѡֻһֵǽУһԼȴÿ쵶ն飬ֵǽǱԼһޣӱвԼ

ںһʱʵڽ˶ġ
ǿԵþֶǯŰɱĳӳԽ衣

ȨȡᣬƺںһЩںƫƧĹһͨӣ麢һҲƽƽźعһˡ
ôһɱӵͷǡצδԸʱõôҲУǿ.ҲУӱŰɱ¾͸С

붨ˣÿѾȺֽƤȻЩͣȴ̩Ȼˣ֬أ

ŮٱŤˣҲ濪ˣæȡ˰šЦ˵ɢÿղһ㣬ƤŮɱͰ𪣬ֻ֪ôأ

һµĸӣһ֬ɢ㣬˼մȡһ㣬ĸӲ֪ôһ׹߳޶ģ֮ǡֻǸĽ꣬ʲô¶û

Щã֪ĸǷ񲢲СֵһЩʥ飬ˡ֮ǲǶ׶ڶ

󣬹Ȼ̫ӸԸʷǰͷԼҵļλȲ轻̸̫Ӹϻӵͷ࿴ԼҵŮӡ

˼ͼλ÷һ𣬼ˣ°ݡ̫ӸĹҲ񣬶Ŀɨһ˳ضƳһȺŮһ

˼ĬĬشͷֱɨӹĿ⣬Ŀ⼸ϣҲ̹Ȼȥ
һȺϻУλŮɲòڣ̬ȳҴõŮɡʱ۷ˣΪ׵һλʵλɼҵĳŮ

˼̧˵ǡ

ŶӴЦǰǵ׽ס˼֣첻׾һ㣬·ָ󶼿ȫˣϵԽܳһţŮǹɫ㣡̫ӹȻ۹⣡
һظˡ

÷Ƿ׷ϲͷϻеĳС黨ʹ䣬ȴ̫ӵҲѰ
˼֪λ̫Ӳ׵ĳ谮Ѷ̫ĸѴѡ̫๬һӦöܳķ߳޶ġ̫СԼҲɡ

ϻӷڰϣ˵Щһ˶ռã梺Լϲȥɡ

ǻмģ϶úƯǳлǺϲ

˵һ׼ɢˣһСѾ߹ףǰͷзݼ֪ǲǼҵλŮɻԵأ

Ҷʱ죬СѾ߿Ψе˼ɫףǿʼѻ⳶˷ϡ
ǴСôϵĶӣǳ
Ҳĸӱǰ˵ޡ˵Ӣö飬䣬ֱȫţ
ûֻС檶Щ
һ˲ţ̰һЩɫҲ


Լҽб𡱣һķˣֻһŮźĹģÿλԼŮɶиϻӣŶǩӣһһдݡ
Ůֻ࣬꣬ЩСĿÿһȦȻ͸ˡ

ֿôϻӣѽؾϲϻǴƾµѣͷǶŸɫʯһǼֵơ̫ӵѷɫҹڷܳĴ˵ҲƱӡ֤ˡУпʼڴܹҼġ

˼еϻӣһôߴ˼Ҳ
ǿЦҡҡͷˣŮþãЩʹܲͲɡ
֪һһΨϻֻһֽ㣬дĸ⡣

ǣһ뿴

ص뷿ϻһŭͰۿģ̲ס˵ͷϣˮؿĨȥ

Ů÷ź򣬼û˵ּױ̨ϵϻӣŮ˸߲˵ŵķҲԡʰ壬Ǹϻӡ
ףǱʯѰ

˼ϵģŮ˭㷭ҵĶ

÷һίذϻȥ˵ôһʲ̨ʵڲÿūŮ˵ͷѣŰŮҪҲҡ

˼뿴˿Ҳһŵͬķʤķۺɫֽ͸īɫױ̨ǰֽ˺ˡ
÷ʱȻʣʲôѽһţ

˺ˣԼйһ
ƽ򿪼ֽݲݿһ顪ȻһдҲһһӿ⡰ߡһ˵ǰװʿȴ֪Щﲻۣͨ࣬
Ѽֽݺһ÷ϵʱ˳յ

÷۾žԼŮǱ˱ЦЦҲ˵ϻĵطȥˡ


4
һŮ󣬵ԼȻŮؿƿһεĵ˼׽üͷʱ֪Ǽַˡ

ڶʡȻյõ˸ĸķ⡣ֹסŮͨڿյ˸ĸ̾Ϣ
̵Ŀֶҡ˼̫Ǹûģ¿ʹ󺹣˵Ҫ˼ø

ǼǲҲͦõģĸɡ

״Լҡͷ¹ܵó벻ó裬ϾǷǴմίЩзһ죻Ǵ󺹷̫ӣһ̫Ӹ׳Ƴ㲻ҪֻһʱҪһ

ǡĸţ̫Ȣ

˵ͳһСݼ汸Ůղ̫պԼҸҲ˵ˡƩһģҪôӮҪô䣬ٲá

Ҫģĸ̡

׶˶ٵʵҺֵҲϲԣǹǴЩֽţᱻ˷ʵ۴У̫˳½λ̫һǻȨλˣǼŮҲա

ðûжĸҲˡ

ͷĵ˼ҧ촽Լ
ˣȴû̫ı䣬Ȼżȶ·нš
Ҹ̥ı㣺ԼֻѼŮɵӣʱۣĸ̰û⣬е׹ݵĻᣬõŮһҸںƤӵѹô꣬ıȨĻᣬʲôģ

Ψֻġ

˼һƬ룺ԳᰵʾںģҪܻܵȥĻᡣڻԵܣһͷǱƵ·ͻĥ˱ѪĿзųĵĹ⣬ǱţֱܹһΪֹ
ǽأպֻרںӱǣҲҪ裬ںһ䰾һסĸͶŮƽҲ͹ˡ

ôӦҲ͹˰ɣ

ͷĸͻȻʲôƵģĸ˵㶼ɾ˰ɣ

ĸ˵ȻģŮǿڽģҶǲͷ

˼˳ȥ

ĸײûģźϴ˯º󣬵ÿŮҺ˵ʱǶͷɣϸЩ֪ԽԽá
ŮæǶͷֻмŮ˵ͷȥûи裬Ůɳʱһˮ

һˮ˼ĸ׾׽⻰ͻͻŮ㵱ʱ͸ôͨѽǣ
ŮСɣҲǴʶʱˣʹȥҲ޷ֻԼٲȥ˵˵

ڹ뷿Ůʱüҵױϻʲô
ʲôѽ˼ƽʱôŮЩ˽£йܲˡ

һΡ˼æĸôˣ

ĸƵߣ۾ױϻЦŮ˵Ҳ̫͵Ļãʲôѽ

ѡ˼

ĸʶʶĸ׵һֻ˳ЦЦġ

˼˱졣
ò
кܶѣһĸ׸ðģĸȻʶ޷ɻء

ĸ׵ڿ쿪ȴ˺һϼټٵЦҲԽԽԽԽˡ

˼˵͵Ǳʯѣ͸ҵĲǡ

ʲô

һš˼˵ױš

дʲô

˼һ˵ĽŮдġ˵ĸ

ĸ׵ļǵһŮһʣ˼أ

ҵ˼˼ĸһ𣿡
ĸȻ

˼ɬЦЦҵ˼˶ˣǵԼҴѡǱ粻ҪύԼ䲻е磬Ҳܹøʱյƽ

ĸڵȴΪŭǳ鴤ЦŮԼˣҺ㰢̸ˣ
ŮͷͷҪٸߴˤΣգʱĻңԼǺҴĶɡǣʱƷŮ߰ĸ˱ʲô·ߣһζȥܱܵԴﲻɣ

˼뷴һ䣺ǵĵҪΪۣ˭ʹ
ͷ˵Ҽ޸̫ӣԡӥǹˣܽ⡣

ĸ׼ŮͣԼҲ͹̾Ϣ˼ʵ޸̫ӣҲδزáſģĸԵ·̺á̫ӼɵȻѹԭֻﲻԸء
ЦŸ˸Ů޽ǣޱǣԭ㲢ǶԷ⣬Ǿͺðˡ㰢˿ڷλʮķҵȥ㰢֧Ӧ岮ǳӦꡣ͹ҲҪ£ܲʧ񡣡

Ǽң

Ц̾üҲأҪҪȥһüһ⡣

˼뿴ףæҡͷ˵롣Ǽʲô

ĸ˵֪Ȼ˼ǵݶ߶ɡֳһЩĮҲŵľ壬Ů˵˼ǸӣĸһӶ㲻ʲôڶ

ʱðڸʽ硣ԼǴŻ֮ڣ«ϯ֮ë먣ܱǵĿ桰߳޶ȻʮɣȴǺεۼˣ緢һ˫˫ɫʶ幤µ籶̨ģ޹ζҲŮרõġ
ɫⲻȥЩ磬Խ̬򷽣һӢױһ·ĵðǷ仹δɿݣ硢խѾģڱصǸӲʵжںҵĿߴ󡢽˶޳ĶҲǷ棬˵ġ

˼ĸ׵ֺ٣ԼԡֻǼﲻţ̲ͣ軹̾ϣʵǱˣ

߳޶ЦҲŲ衣

˺Ȳ裬ңлͨڲˮ̺ͣȻں̣
Ʒ̬ЩصĴ³ӣǵӲˮɬܵŲ㣬˼á

ЦʵˡͨŲѣã

ǫȴڴ⣬˵˲ĭľȣѩɫ罶ܰਿʸʡôǺòأ

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߳޶Ц˵ҳơ̡Сˡ¡ǰϴֲġ

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˭ҹҹɫꡭԾ̡һƬģڴʫС檡˼ױʡ
ԽԽľ˼֮⣬ҹ˼õꡭŮд˭ģ

Ȼ̧ͷֿںһۣʵضĿһ¶ȶûСǸģ˷ŭ亹ֳˣǸδ컵Ǹ˭ģ

󺹣󺹣ֻߵϹŮ޷֪дĶˣˣ

ں¶һɭɭЦʲôأıҸİӣʸҸ̫ӣѵҲһݾҷԴѵƽ֮
һ̻£ðѵϵϻͬͷżһ͵լۡȥ˵Ȼдţ޵Ȼܲ⴫ĺ㣬ܽԹҰԧ졣

ɾüȥ̻£Ȼʵ乵񣬲뵽ԼδҲأֻܵͷ˵󺹣ңң
ⶫҲաߵףҲδ죬µŮĳ£ԭõֻ̲֮ܽǳԩΪֻд󺹣ΪҲˣʵڲ֪ӾȻȥ󣬳͡

ôںЦЦʡ

ɺһģ˲˼ԼҲˣٲûᡪ

Ҳءںֵ˶ûҲֿϧģѵѵ͵ˡȻһҲҪ㣬˼ʲô˼
ŤͷϻӺţȥѽ
ǳͽ䣬ҲǱ˵ϣǷһߣؿԼҵҳϺͶĵ˼

˵ǵã޵빬λøߵͣ˵㡣ǸףҲԽ޵Ĵȥ

࣬ʱ˲ƽϵƯŮ˾ԭϵСȺϷŪ׷Ķ󡣻ʵ۲ȡ˼ҲʩҲǾ档
׻ʵ۵˼Ļ̻Ȼڵ˹֮⣬ŭ

˼ѹֵĶһҴҼ˺Ժ͵߿ŮĹ뷿ţ͵˼һ軨ӣ˫ָӣ̳ĺŮ
ָŮûƤûӣҪȫ˶ڻô

ֻʡôˣôˣ

˼ȴ̬ȳĬĬֽʣʣǷţô˵

ɺ޺޵صɫǶģ󺹶һŮңƽ⣬ͤĹԶûƤû£

⣿˼ĵ

ĸȴŭˣ⡯㻹Ҫʲô
ļ򡢸첲֣Ҳһɫףں˵ġѵѵĻҲ˲Ůԭ飬˵ȥ鷿ȡҷ

ŵɷĸ첲ɾǺ⣿Ǽҷ𴦷عĶɵģûŮң

Ҳ˲ˣ˵󺹲¼ɵ޷ȫô

9
߳޶ĽӵʵֳǲϻʱĿɨ˰췽Цʹʲôѽ

ǻ¹Цģ󺹴͸ģȻǺöβ򿪿ܲ°ɣ

ЦдͣҴǡ£Ҳѽ

ӹϻӣ򿪣ԭذס籡-ҩ֮ģװɵּ޹ذҲӲҪɱ
ϻǱһֽˬĵɫ򿪼ֽȿβ̺סˡÿսսԨıǵ˼֣Ϥ֣Ҳж־ġһء

ִҴҶһʫ裬ее컣е㺬¶˼֮⣬üϻصԼңǺƤǶǲûɵ䵭ԼҵŮɣһͶ˼

İżϻһףְϻǻ¹ٻһףں˵ˡʲô

ǻ¹һüգ۾Ц˵ף˭дģ

Цһ֪ʴȥѽ
ǻ¹ѿʱתӣɶ£⼸쵽ʰƽǵææ

ǻ¹ٵŶʰȥƽǣּҪֱȥ翤ͷʡ·ˡҵŮɣҲĸ͵ɻ飬ֻܷĵˡ

߳޶ۿЦЦ˵ȴּҾּ

ǻ¹ˣмΪͻȻ֮һӱսսĻʵܡÿһٶÿһּ⣬˵ÿһϢòСã˷ĺ⡣
һСذףոռǵиǹѼɤӵʺĺ⣬мѪĳ嶯

ƻʱһѰյĶ̴ĵ⣬ǰذףĵҴѥҳŵŷԼˣŴ죬Լӡꡱһû֨ƿһ˵ķ϶öĳš

šʮɱһˣǧﲻСֺ׳һ·˳ŽźС·϶ȥƵƵͷûƼˡ
֣ûҵԶֵĻᣬֻĵطһ۾Ѫȵĵ¡㡱زҽУظѪ¾Ͳˡ
ԸãȻܿ˸ǷţΪ֪٣֪⣬÷֪꣬ôģŲ䣬Ծ˼ҵլȥ

ûУҲšҹĻѾ٣ƵԼҵĺ԰ǽߣ׼ȱһƬǽߵĵط͹ʯͷȥ
ĻįؿţҹɫҲɫҲûζֻһƬһƬһһǧ䣬΢Ƶػεšǽͷ˫һһţǼǧԽԽߣֱɵˡ̲סһۡ˼ڸߴһ񣬱ǧˤ²ʡ

Ǹʱ֣æǽȥˣˣҪֻͣͣôôˣֻⱲӾֻˣ

ڣѾµƸǣںﻰⶼǽҪ롣

ƫҪ룡ģ·𲻼ǵԼ֮ǰڽС΢ﰾģǲϵظԼʶʱΪܡʵʱﴥʵۣԼȦ
ʱһţҪһ˼Ҫ֪Ƿǲдҵģʫдң뾡һа취ҲҪ

ûȥ˼Ĺ뷿ⲢСǽűߣÿһžϢ̽һ
ǵԼǴ󻧣淿ԹƵģûģڻ԰һɽСϿһʹѾһˮţҲûˣСԵɽϣӷһ첲ӺͷסѾߵĲӣһֽס˿Ҫصͭ衣

ѹ˵˵ҵŮؼҵ飬治١ҹȥȻ
һѾ߶ߣһ¡Ȼذ׼Ĳӣġ

Ѿɿ첲սս˵Ůɵӣôȥ

㲻ϴ·Ҿһһ㣡ĸĴƵģСﲱԱ߻һϸѪָۣմѪѾ߿

Ѿ߼Ҫˣıܣʹſǻ˵ֻܴ㵽ŮԺͷ㲻Ҫ˵Ҵģ

ԡİذŲСѾߺҸˮ˵˵ĻһӾҪ

СѾߴ˳լߡԽԽˣһŶɺĻ״дĵġӡ֡
ֽжĲŵһۼ˼ģܿͽΪӣ͵ܡ

Ƴۿ˿ɫûͷϸ鿴֮󣬳˿ļ϶ЮСѾ߶һ鳤ĸʯ֮˫Ŀʯ￴

ۼɫԽԽϻ谵յƵˣݵҲ˵ƣۺɫɴӡĳ裬ҲӡػشӰӡæһֽƽ
СѾ߱ذ׶ס¼ˣ⡰ֳٳٲҪȥ͵ȥģ͵ۻƳ

ϸ⡰ǸӢɣǵƵģ۾ӥƵģڰҹеӳյǵƵө⡣Ѿһʱ۾л֮ɫһʱ־飬ڸоĿºһʱѾСĵءʣҡһҪȥϷˮ

Ͷһ£ĵ˵ذ׺ݺݶѾߵϣͷƤ顣

ǱŵǣصȴԵʱеģҪһƵУԴ˿̿סįͲԼһ㶯ûС

ڣڽԺĶԻ
˼úϢˡ긾˴ſǻ̾ϢοѽôҲ̫һС㰢ȷʵˣŻˡҲסҿĺӣҲԹ
ĸġǵ˼
еûпǻҲúҲˡŮҪҲһС֪ô˵ԹģҲϣǡܶҡ

СѾûаȥ
߳޶侲ؿǰǸɪɪѾԴȻûд·ԼûסҲû֤֮ҺҽСԣȫ
һǸСѾߵĺӣ촽˵лл㡣

СѾżﴫĺŵ潵ζЩɻġôҲµһδ˵ÿͻȻǱסһۣꡱһ˾κ֪ˡ

߳޶Ǿʬ壬ڼɽĽ䣬ס
ȻǱɽʯͷȴ

ԼǴͷʱӵҿĿһ˴߳־ӡ۽ǣһڽһڵ̾ϢšͷѾͳƻŸɫĹ⻪һ˵šߡλͳԺţ漴Ŵͷ˩ϣ˽ţ죬ŭ£ŮôεεģСûһָͷαҷÿ޶޲ҪǷ˹ȥ飬ŮҪ

һ飬ĿⲻٴƳɴĤֻûŵġ顱죬ͷԷʹۿᡣﰵ룺ںɽҲδ̫ˣôõŮɣҪô۰ΪηҪߣ

Ż۵ĵطǿԼųȥ˵ĵ˼ϸԼСҴıƩһ٣Ҫסʱһ̵ܹһʤ˲ſ¶棡

ҹ¤ҲЩ⣬ڴݺϣ磬¶ˮʪ˶ĵ޷ʪѥ½ǣһǳͷһݵţϢѾҲ˳ĵˣѾߵӰӻ˼£ʣŮɣǲǻʹ

ؿơǵ˼Ҫߡ

Ůɡ

˼˵ûµģû˵ǣСЩʹġ˯ţһ£ȶˡ

ɴӰӣӵģб磬ʹͷһӰ˴Լٻ

ɨΧѥҳذףǽŲ˹ȥ

10
ҹѾ˯ˣش߳޶Ȼ̤ߣذʱ׼ŸǵĺǴæµһ죬Ȼһû
˳޵ţƿˡ

׼ҹһѾƼȴв
˵˭ɱ˭
Ѿ߰Ѿȥˡ

ֹţһ㶯ûУ˿̺ӣԥһҪҪԼѥӲȥ

Ѿ߻Լߣɪɪ
˼˫ַŸ߰磬ҧ촽񷴶ûоµɫ

ʲôʣһ㶼Ҳ߲񣬺񲻵ɱֱӹȥĿҲЩ梿ܵܵĹС

֤һ¡˵ȻҾߡ

˼һۣǷ֮ɫ·һϦ֮ˣȦµ࣬ɫĲ԰ףüĿɥ
˲ĸƵģԴ˿̵ֻʣͬ顣ʵôˣ

֤һ¡ظ˵ɻؿ˵˼һۣˡ

˼֪ҲûָָһԵĺ˸߽˵˵

ҲҲĺǾ裬ذָкҺ԰ڼꡣ

˼΢΢һ죬˵վžͺáҪҲ㡣

һڿ˼Ⱦ֬һ׵Ƥʪ۽ëʱͻȻ׹һʹڨڨʣ㡭ӻðɣ

˼۾˵˾䡰áȻȻ̧˶ĵı顣

üͷҧгݵ˵ôã

㲻ҲãûϱӵľƵһذҲίˡ˼ĵŻ֪ʱҶصʹ-Ӳϵʱ˺ѵʹ޴ʱ򣬻ǵʹ˵ŰɱԽʱ౻ʹ㻹˼ߣ
ױĮ˵Ҹ׿ҵĹʧĴмҵļ£²ġ

ʲôʧб̧ͷʡ

ո뵽˳Խ˼Щ˳ҲЩȻ˽ܣдŸ㡣ںڼˡ

һ˲䶯ݣžˣдҵʲôţ

˼
Զˣһ˼ĳأŮۣô˼˵Ц˵űҰˣдһҺòã

׽дһٲòºֵ;ںȥ͸ȷϹںûн⿪ڶĵ׽͸ŲֿҲе֮

鷿ȡֽʻֳ˼ԸţдʫĻױȥȡұĥЩ죬һüС

ЩһԻĶģԼŮģƣƺҲ˳ëߣùԹԵţӾʹЩ˵˼ױƣҳһɫӰƵļֽĥüīͬСһ͵˼ߵĸ߰ϡ

˲䣬ĿױһСۺɫһϳԱ¤ҵµķۺļֽһʱ䣬дĸ踳΢΢ôЦڼϡ

˼ֻվд֣дˣֽкݸġ
üɫƫ̣üСָСɾ£һõֽŵڵ˼ƻǻִ꣬ЩƬ⣬ִЩõܰ㡪ϻζһ
ٿ֣ȻдСˣϴμֽϵ֡ҲһģһһŲ룬ϴλвд

̲סĻŭţֽۣػЦ˵֤ˣ˼ﶮлл㣡

˼˵㶮ʲôֽҵš
Ťͷ˵ӵֽȡ

ǰıǰأûл˼˵ĿɹȥҪſˣ˵Ůɡ

ֱһͷСӣ
ڣ˼ҧҧ촽Ժ˵ҡ

ȻŮĲ£һһһȳһգСĵߵ߳޶ǰ˵ңҪյ

˼·ѵӣѾվ޴룬ûǰԼǰˣӲߣȴʮѹȸСܷܷۺ̯Ȼˣҡ

ĹԹԵͳֽǰһûϸ

˼ջ֣ǽ㿴ĵܵʱı飬Զ˵ٿϸ

Ĵ۵ļֽںĿεʦʱӣϸϸ

˼˵һƬģڴʫСúþ׽׽ǿˡС֡

Ŀֵͷʫ
ϴβͬʫһһд÷ʫм䣬ͻȻͫһĿֱӵ˼ʲô˵촽ȴú䱡ࡣ

˼֪ǸˣѾˣĻֵֻ˵ڿԸˣ

Ļָ˻УѹʣҴͥΣġԭϢʫм䣬ǵ͹Ĵ
ǣһüĿ⾼ɣϢǴǸϢϸҲţ

˼ҡҡͷȻǸ˵ϢҵϢŲţ㡣һ̯֪ΪʲôҪ˰ɣ

ĲĬĬѼֽ˵˼ӥһ۾бŵ̺ϵĳһƣڳ

˼ж㣬ѼֽȥĵǶյԱ裬Խӻҡ

޸һյƵĹսճĵţϢˣһġ
ǣǼ󣬺תȥռֽһ˲䣬߳޶ľͻϮһһ˼ıԼǰúܽͷݺʣƾʲô㣿

˼һ˲·ᶼҪˣΡΡ˵ҵˡ

11
ոջװͰ͵ĶĶʱ޴ɿʣҲ˵ˣ۲ۣ㸸Ҳǡ

Ȼ۵ģʱĸ׸ùĽߣ߶ʮһͱ򡢸첲мˡ
۵۾ỨֱתԹص˶һۣã

ҡƾڰԩп˵ץ亮ѾˣոյıҲ˵ˡ
˰죬˵ھޱȨں̾ͷԼļͳ카ᡣΨֻҰֱŵ˼ãôҰǣ

ոյɻûнת˲ֻ⡣
˼ԼҲСʮꡪСȨıų󣬹ﶼǺɣÿ仰乭ʱ׼ȥꡪָ񶷵Ѿıܡ

Ǻǣһļ䣬˵ĻҲû취Ѿ⡣

ζع۲ڵȴĳƽ⣺֤ΪʲôҪͬ飬ߵԸġƵģֻ׬ģԸ

˼˵ҴŲŲģûа⡣ΣգҲ͢޷ǶáҪһ˫񣬳жд̣Ҳ˵ͨİ취

˫Ũܵüͷٶŵ˼ˣڳ
һ̧۵˵òҰΣա

¡

ƤӣĿֱֱӲˣ㻹Ҫ˵ʲô

˼ĭڰѷĻ˵˳Ұ㣬ΪΪҲ޸󺹡
ȶ˵æֵȻҲ޸㡣Ұﵽ㣬ɲԴӦң

бԴСҪƭңȻҪ뷨õԼϰٿֳ𣬻ҪۿţҪûƭء
ͻȻЦЦҾȢΪҪġ

˼üëŭ֮࣬ҲȷʵеëȻˣΪʲôôһ𣿣

֤ʫеҲŪˣЩջҸˣסĵطҰɲˣʱץҵĴ

˼Ҳ۵ûţͲͷ˵ãԺû²Ҫ㴳ҵĹ뷿ͻȻ뵽ʲôôҹģ

ааһЦ˵ˣɱ£ץ˸СѾߴ·£ɱˣʬ廹Ժͷģһܴõ鷳Ҳ˰ҿĿһԱߵĺСʱֿʼս

˼Ҳһ֪ɱ˲գ۵ĵСⱲûϱӺö٣ʱ˽ֵ֮ΪܣΪ٣Ǳ۵ġֻ뿪Կ׿ԺţΪʲô˵ŮĻļ˯þҪȥﶮҽҩְһơ

ںá޵Ȼ˵һĵĻҶˣĻļ¡Ͳˡֲǻˣ԰ɣúòҩúˣøпҲ伲ҽˣһٿ㵴ǧأ

޳ܵĺƤ
˼¾ͷֵҹӣֻܺݺݵһۣĻЦ

ܲԸµļһȥοͷиˡֲܲȥֻԿף䣬ܾǼ˯źӣŻܷ֨ѽһŵͷԺ

߳޶ĴӼɽͷʲôƮƮһƵģһȻǸˣŵúëվˣʱ޻ƵƮƮſǶŰԿ׶׼ףŤתͷŴˡ

ʬ߳޶ҡҡͷһΪǿŮȻӵúܣô㵨С
ʣˮػ߲ȡˮľ

Ҫʬαװˮӣָָͷ˾סѷƷԺ䣺в٣ҲСˮء㡭߰ɡ

ƳƳ˵˵Ҫ˿ң˵ǽŮĻô

ôУͻȻûôˡ

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ûȥţݺ཰ѶʱĻ˼Ůжģĵ֮о֮ޣ̫ˣ

˼ЦţճҶ飬ЩջȴҲɡʡϣвơģǶɶҲɹĵط͸˷֪һôԼѡ

ȴ˵ĿʬҵһأȰȥѾߵԴڳرʯͷһģˮ£ɸˤϲеļȻȻ˳ֻ߹һص·ִӺԺǧܱ߷ǽͷ

˼һνȥһ˽ӡͷݺ裬ӹ֬׷ۣ۶ƣֻúþơ
ȵץһ̾ƵСЦ˵ϵ֬㲻õơ

СթְСòӢ˵ŶӴūūֻ˵ϱǰиۺɣƤǰ׵СɾҲģĪҲҪۣ
ͳһ۶Ц˵ҵǲϲ۵ǻӡūķ㲻㣿

߳޶д򿪷ۺУ˱ǵ㣬΢΢üͷװ˷ۺУԼ˲ۣȻѷۺжǷͷǮһܶȥ뿪˽ӡ

ǣӷۡŶ룬˹֮ǷϮˡεʡոȥĶˣָڴǰꡱһͷЦûȥȻơȻ˲˯²ʡ

ڶգʵں¤йټüʣȥĶˣ

̴ĿҲģðſһЦ󺹣˵ơ

Ķȵģʡ

λȷʵǴŻءǣץЩëƤδСµˡװ֣֧̿˰죬ںӹһݵ۱ſͷ󺹣ܴˡȥһҡһһݡ
̧Ѿ֮ɫ¶翴˵ǣûķͷ˯ϾڸТء

ںһɸ֣ԭҲ֪ڸТУ˵ûķͷʲôܹǺˡ˵Ե𸸺һֱĳ谮ô

Ļײ𣬼ŵòѣʵȴЦɣ̫ץҵĴ˰ɣȾȻԣҲݾݾûȥ磬Ҳܴһٳɣ

Ȼ
ںһλòͷ¹˵еƣܲ񡣷ڴлʵТƣΪ󲻾޲𣬱ʮСʾͽɡ
˵Ϲ࣬˷

ĿͷлˡƵʶȻԾؽ⿪ͷĿ
Ϲ࣬ѪܵĿ£ʹһġ
ĹΣ⣬ҧһȻʹ죬ȴһ죬ţ˼Ҳͬʹˣ

12
ʵۻǵѾãվҪ߳޶ȴ˵ˣԳУò¤Ъա

ʵںװģȵԼ人ײסֵѰĸֻҪװһװģú˵ġ
ںֻһأʮĵܵѾܸߴˣҲģһһϺɫȺѵŲڼκͼϣеĵطгѪ衣
շת䶼-˵ɣ񡭡

ںֻװЦһֵֵܣ˿ԼҸۡ˵ֵĻʲôɺˣض񣡡

ıá˿Ц󺹣ܼʵͷ¿󺹿޼ա

ںв֪˼Ц˵òᣬǲζİɣ㶨˾ǣˣǰҲ١
ûȶлȴ˵ȴܲˣƽƺҪáǺɿԣŶˣŮҲһܴؾǡ

һѶ˵ˣһڰŮҲҲҪؾǣ

šںص˵ͷ½ǻǹ¶ʱ¤ÿ˼Эƽ¡ǷæΪŮ뾩ɻҲδⲻ˼һ԰ˡ
ֱֱضŵܵܣ΢΢̣ڲסĵ⣺ܵܣװ¤Ϊһ͵˼ټôɼĻ᣿ôŮɣһûã

ĬȻһɫЩβסʧȫ翴ںְ˰ܵܵļΣ˵ˣ˰ɡʲôʱȥ磬޾ͽкͬʱŮ͹ȥɻ顣

įɫ߳ںԼԷĵ뿪¤ŵ˼һ·ϣعλ

ںǰŸߣڴϵ߳޶ľһµشԼȻʱʱεü죬ȴ˿δ졣εԱ˵£һһá

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ڶѸٴ̽ȵȥϸڣ֨Ʒ
ֵܣųµҪķرƢ߳޺

µ˵۲ؾƾô

ҡҡͷǻʵۣӻȥҵҲҰңƽٴѹ

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ĿЦزģȵ磬Ҳ˶Ըҵ׼Ȼбûһѵϲ֡

˵У˼طԸĻؾĸסȴһŲŲĹŮɣϢһؾƫܻؾ¤ȿ״ƭҡ
ɫʲôû˵ȴţ˼ĸĸ˶ͶҵİɵģҶ㻹ţͬں㸸һڲңʱ˵ģҪȫϰٿ˵ֳ

ȴ˵˼ҲûϵʵںǰȻҪؾ

Ȣ֮£ҪзӭŮͼޡһ仰ԸȥˣҲûʲôʽŮ˼Ҹžˣ˽һ㣬ֻ¼޹ȥҲǽƲ
Լҳ񲻺ϣǻʵ۵ּΪ֪λʵ۶ɺò¼ɣǲͬ⣬ֻ֪ᵽʲôطȥֻװЦ˶ʥȻԸ˼óе׼

ʰҵȵȣмֺѾߣԼ͵ļױҲǽϸȼֵƶЯĶʹԼҵҳֵ쾡¡
˼Ҳ¿Ϊĸ׵֮̽󣬺˵˼䡰á֮Ļűȥˮ˵ŮȥҪź󺹵ġŮҼȻˣҲҪˣ·Ϻ͹̷Ҫ˼⣬벻㣬Ҫġʵ㰢֮ǰͺ˵Ǽ£Ҳˡ

һʹɫͷһŨױĨŮӣƯƯ糾ζأ˸˸ȻֱĿͶڵ˼ϣ޵ŶӴǴŮɣֶׯ

ϵ˵ҲҪׯҲҪׯﶼׯġ
ԼҲе㲻˼ͷ˵ġ

һһﲢûС˼Բ۾ĸϸ뿪ˣǸ糾ζʮġ衱һ

ս˹۽ǵβƶЦˣʢһص˼üƯƤϸףҡҡͷ˵ŮɴȴЩŮô͸Ƥúɫɫӳġ˵ǳ̲Ƥֻ˼ҶƤཱུ࣬Ĳһأ

ȷһӲӣͷǰӵ繬ཡģֲģһǧϼɴ绨ɴ᣼һǴشµ֬졢ĺ졢һ졭綼˿֯棬ҲǺһͼ
ԣؿһǸˣ˳߳һׯϵɫȴɢ˫ۺɫͷۺɫϣʱܵһ˼ûкŲ裿Ҫ÷ϵѩˮģ

Υ͵òУ

ʱûЦӵؿһƬۺʲУ˵ѩˮˣŲ豻èйˡûС

ʱ򷢻ҪĹˡ˼ߺ˵ѩˮҴ򷭵ģèġ㴦ѽλţ乬ǿԵģ

ֻѳҪʱĻûˣЦǶʶȤȻ˳˳СһߡֲòޣΪкޣôḧŪô˵ĵ黰嶼ûзӦʵͲסһ͸࣬ǿ.ˡ
͸󻬣ôʹȻǲģһԵķСΡÿζΪֻӿԱһܣ޲ÿζ죬Զһ㡣

׷仹ûһŨױѾյøˣһֻðֵֺץһѣﻹŮıأҪЩֵĲźÿ

˼ͷһ󿪣ǼźɫıѾ¶ˣظҲ¶һ֡ʱüŨޡĵŭȵȥ

13
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˼Ѿҹ˲ԼƽصĶׯģ⸾⣺ȥװ׵Ůңɵֶţ

ߣҺ˵ʱ˰ϵƿײб˽ΧƹƹҡôĶڸϹˡ

ĸ׵Ϊףһζӳµı飬ؿŮ

˼ĸҲ͸һİĸֶûУΨ۾һգһˮǰձͷʹʱģһ
ĸð쿪Ц˵ԴӰŮ̫ӣ⳪һʲôϷ¤ԼҵŮɣѧ̻Ůӹˣ

ĸɫҲѿɿһ۾Һһ˵ȴȥȲ裬һ

˶æȥˡ
ϲ̾˵˼Ҳ֪ﲻʹ졣˭Ҳûϵôдŵ£ԶǴһ̣ȻӦΪ빬к֮Ҳǲܡ˼ģõһŮңһӾֻڻҴͥﰾͷǸöί

ԸһҴͥͷ˼˵ˮʣûʧȥʱǾʧȥ֪ԭٵʧȥ̲ġһҲ̸ϰںǧĺǰġԽǵĸ˭ʱֻСƯޡЦĶǰΡҪЩ޳ܵĳʲô
Ѿ֪ʧȥ۹ǵʹԸҪӣѰͨĺ˼ȥͶ̥ɣٱͶĵˣ

ĸҡͷЦŮ˵ɵˣŮ֮䣬ô£ҵŮǧһܳأΪ˵ĸˣʵ˻ģΪŮλãúӣΪҺĸȰ㣬Ǳˣúһôġ˵ģ˵Ҳ򵥣ҪǴûͱǲ㴰ֽôΪԣ

˵ҲƤһ
תͷٽһΡ

νݶЩͷԵģϥ˰Ȼ󵹿ˮжΣŶӴԭҪŮɶֶţʵЩ飬⿿˵˵ʵһ£ȻͶˡŮۣҲֲá

˭Ҷ֡˵֪أ£뷿£ҲǻƻŮʱӦӦɡ

ǣ˼ߣЦ˵ŮɱŮ˼ҳһء޺ˮгûʲô˼ģ뷿ʲôûа

˼ľȻ˵ż̧ͷǰһԺĺ촽Ϻϣȴһ仰ûȥ죬˼Ťͷ֪ˡ

赹ǵǮơְصģ˵ҪʵЦŮɼȻ֪ˣûˣһ½¾ޡѽٶȲͬ¶ĵطȺͬоǲһġȱҸ½´

˼ĸһۣմմ۽ǵˮ
ĸһȰﶼŮ˼ңһ£ָָ㡪ǡĴѧʡ㲻ҪŮ롷Ů򡷶ɵˡ

˼ɴЦһ

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һǸʹĻѾ˺һߵԸǿ.ʱѾһŮޣԲһСŮ롷Ů򡷵ʱѷƤҺĶģȥʧ

ǻ²ݣϣƤҿԻûʵ۵ĳ谮ó谮Ϊļ廻õλҫ

˵ſ˱ֵҸ½⿪һ´ǵڶ
˫濪죬΢΢ͷһͷ˿Ūǰ׵ĺ󾱱ɫĵѩһ㣬Žһ罵Ů˶һסԲƽ̹ļ¶޳ı¶Ȼݶ᾵ļγĻȣһխȥ
þĶǣرżԵӳˣëһ˾һ

ŶӴ踧˵Ů̫ˣҽ̵ķӻˣĹǰ

ҲĹǡĸ׵ģȴϲŮۡ

Цֺ˵ˡʵǿŮɵ̬òУ
һ٣ָŵ˼ѩƤһ׵ĺۼЩҩϽʵɫЩΥأ

˼ָһ»𽩺۵ĸ첲ʱлһʹ
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ԼҲŮϽ裬Ů齱ߣӸϵۣ˵ҿϻһһģٸЩҩƣЩط￴ѳȴ۵úܣ´󺹻Űˡһ·ҪʱΪ̫ȵ۳ʱǲŮģسʱҲֻһôˣ϶̲סúźȡȵö衣عжʱɾҪˡ

С鶷ȡһƿҩƣȻŮ
˼תãϵѵϣ۵һ죬˵ĸˡ˺۲ûС

Ϊʲô

˼˵Ǵ󺹷ԸѵѵŮǺޡѵѵĺۼһ룺ĪǵԼҴͨңСиպ»֪أĸ룬ǲ
һĸ׾ЩŰɵ飬˵֮ǰ޷飬ŮŴ󺹵Ǽһ·򶫱ƽǣеʱ䣬еǽڡ

ĸ׷ҩƣͷ˵ðɣġ

תգ󺹵ǼҪؾƽǣ̣ʮҲؾǡʵ۴˿һȨҷ֡
ֻǺѹѹĶ飬ʿǴĺףŵɫ񣬻УˢˢţźŽǺʹĵսУں¤һ˶ͨϣֻͲ

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žպٰѵ˼Ͼ˼ҵĵһҲˣһڿѪһ
ںļţҲ㣬պ޵裬Ҳص㳥

14
ʵںڴǰǣеǰߵشƣɱţ򡢺أΪлʵ֮鰲ҵʱҲһ١

ںŸԼµһ˶ĸԲ⡪һսս̫ڷ˹ˣ
ؽˡ񡱣ֹⱧԹ˵:˵ЩƷף׸úܡȴ־Ӹµӣſڵϡƨʾ⳼ˣرĿӶ˵:˺𣿡

л󺹹ġĴòܺöˣƲվͷˡ
˽Լĸ磬ԽԽҪ

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Gں˵Сǿ׳úýһ²ã¤Щӣ͸پͷ
Ȥؼ۾ܵܿЦ:ܲǼŵӭȢϵŮɰɣ

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과ļоƣںֳµôӣԵܵܵ:˵ն˵ʫúǲҲĶ
ĿŶʼɵĶ⣬˲˲ԶͣŵԼͬĸ׵ܵܶ:߲ʫ̫أôֳһƪһԣ

̫ˡĺ㲻״һŵĽɻ᲻κ˵:д󷨡Цһ˵꣬ԼЦˡ

ںڱϣȥͷ޲ٴһٽ³˲ó⻰ѾںҲЩȻ:ܵѾλ󺹵塱ģ˿̸Ц˵:˵Цˡ޲찢ܽڶ鴰ΣĻκĵƵĲ¼Լֵܣûʫ˼Ͳ˰ɡ

׼԰ڵ˼֮Ц:ʵأҹ£һʫС󺹲ӳʫ׾ӣӳʹܾ׳ˡ


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ĺѧĲԶģֳһҲûǸ£üһֻ˵ҹ£Ȼͷǻ

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Уٴηصoͣİڡ϶ǻҳֱʵǼʧ۵ԶˣҲ׷׵ϥϵĳ

߳޶ĴСþ£ǷТڼ䣬һɫ۶ģü͸ϸ¸ɾϵĳϧɫ࣬ôĲɾŤͷԵԴ˵¤䣬лʵ۾Ȼʤްڴ˵أӵô벻أ

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һеԴɵĸ첲ԴɱܵãȴûõÿֻüЦʲôԸ𣿡

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ԼҼλ֪ȵûʱ̫ӺͷȢ˼¡ҲѺѺ̫ϣԺ̫ӵķԸǴֽźȵۡȻģ˿ӲͷƤ˵ֶŮȾ˻̫ӵĴءƺЩ仯ϸأҲ̫ǺŮɽһաȻˣŹѶҪصģοҡ

ΨֶĴ˿̸СӸͷߣذҲܿļ⡪ĸ첲ܶˡǷҪˣֻԼϹͷҪϼˡ

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ǽĵԼŮɣѾߵ죬䣬ʾԸЩȤĻǿŮģҲšԾ϶ӢСɾֻҪˡ

ĹȻֱʣպףɼɲɡ׶ذ죬ŮҵƷֵƣʹǼ֧ĵĿɫеճŮӶɶʼǸеŮɵĺø

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ȣ̲裬з˫ӥƵ۾˵㲻֪ųߵôԼ׸Ƶ˼ңһв׵ģ˼ȻɾӣֵǮŮҲûлôҲ󰢸ڣǱֵҲմ״ˣұˣһ֧ŮҲֵʲô˵ܳұġ
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ЩŶǺܵġںǻˣˣʱҲǸ׳ƳģǣȨԶһʱĵطע©һͲˡ


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˼һ޵ŮˣŮź棬ȹڲҡǺ
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˼ݵ˵ЦˡŮ롷ƣݣɫҲ佳࣬ʽ࡯ɡ

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ԹƳһۣ檸ѵ檵ĸҲʥּôίȴûط˵ֻܳܡԽ˵Խίʧ

˵׻ǹں޵ЩҲЩֻ꣬Ȱο˵ġѵֻǿ˵գϾһҲ˵ʲô㣿㸸ǡ
˺ڹʹ˶һֱûкɫҲڡɣ

¶İƵƤʰ쵵˺ۣҲòҲòζø߸ߵǴطҲƽȥȻֲġ

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ŮŮɡӣɿԱߺŵĻʵֲۣ֪Ǻá

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˼Щţĵ÷ﲻԸⱻǿԼҪ취

Сˣʵ۵촽ڶ߲һ£ʵ˵ҹˣ͸λţպͲԳơūˡ
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ֵͣͣ˵÷ԼҲԸġ󺹶ҲҪңҳˮֽһźǡǸ

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˼ҡҡͷ˵ǻģϽҲûʲôΪҵˡ

֣Ůɣͷ˵˼ǲף

˼ЦЦ˵סǴģҲܰԼݽȥڵ·Ҳ֪ߵʲôطȥǣң㣬÷ûлͷ·ˡһġ
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÷ѾѾˣһͷ˿ɢڱڡ¶ļϡ

ںƵؿ˵˼һۣҲ裬÷ĲϿеøˣۼһƬƬꡱŮļϡ

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빬Ĵ齶겻ãȻᡰ֨֨εĶ˴׾شʱʱһ䣺

÷ֻܴſǻ϶Ӧ桭

ˣ޾ͼӷ㣡ʵǸ⣬ޣġƳۿһԵĵ˼һһ鶼ûУû졣

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̧ۣںһƣϵĺˮƵģƵؿ
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ܵ÷ūɡɬؿ˵˼һۣŮڼҽ˵ġ
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÷ְԼϴɾµĺѾȫǰ߲ѪصȻſʾ˼һȥ

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˼÷ǰҲŶԡֻģǲԸģ

÷ɬһЦŮɣū澲ǵԼҵļūţǰֻģĸѾߣԼδֻСӣһѼūţһ۾Ϳͷˡ
˼ԣǸĻᡣȻԸ⡣

Ըģ˼Ҳʺ˵ʲôЦЦл㡣Ҳϲ㡣ǰ·ǻһġ

÷ŵصͷŮɣõģҳһ㣬ֲãպŮɱһţֻһ·ѡŮɲңͷˡ

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ȨִԿףٿ׵ɫҲٵʷϱ̫ҡɢǮĸо̫ˣ

÷Ҳڵãǰֻм˺ŮܴŵҲܴˣ׵Ǧ֬ҲˣѾٲ١١˫٣ͷ䣬ת
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÷ҲûѳģһСģڵ˼ǰǫԺҲúܡһػĺ͵˼˵˵ȻƽǺҪڣҵĸĸʮǮ͸֮ĹְظҸ˷֮ɫԱĵظˣҲĵط

һԵĺ䳰ȷŶӴǾͿԷ˰ɣҷ˰ǹ

÷˺þò˵⻰ôȻǺýãһٹٵġ

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ŮɶңҲ޺ˡ÷޿ģ˵ǴСĺãҲǵó裬˵ôĻҾﺦ㲻ɣ

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ŵҪޣЩ¹ٴ˴˵ģһϧûУ׽ֻ־Ͱϡ

˼ŭλʹЩ֣󺹴ʲôȥһʣΪŮ顣

֪λŮǴ͵ԼȢģȥžǣҵֻܳźֵš

˼ȹӣǷɱں޹ͷŵĻ¹ȴڡҪūΪС¶ţͷǲҪôŮɻȵһȰɣ

˼ֻܴţͻŮ˼..ԵĵͺͷĻ¹Ǽֲһ㣬Ŀʧӣȣż˴˶Ӿ໥͵Ц

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˵·žΪѡһԵ·ʵȻ;ڡһǣ

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˼Ŭܣſڵżϲһӡ˵ĻӺ꣬ûֹѾеˡʮֵ̱ϣѾͷߵ󺹶÷֮

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ʲôҲͬأ޷һĲ֪ĸ׻ᱻںû·ϵôá

Щ仯ʹպһ¼Щͬ

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Ѱ˼ҲֻлʵúˣԼǰȥ󣬻᲻ᷴ⣿ںӣⱲø͸ˣֹխֱ͸ˡ

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÷ͺСһѾߣ˴˽⣬Ҳ

ױ䣬ȷʵ
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˼Լ˵ҸɫðˣԺҲעˡ

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ںҷɥһ·Ÿ׵Ĺ餿񱼵ûƿסĽΧסƽǣЩ͵Ĵ󳼼լΧסȻƽǹΡ

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Ϣ֪ˣȨõĴ¹ֱȳˣûлͷյݸϢ

˼ǵã빬þͻ˳ԽĳͻȻ죬ʦڳŶӣܺ棬ֲȥֻܽк÷ȥϡ

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ںɫףԳսȻ֪ȵѾȥϢ

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ںŴŭ޻ƭǲɣȵе㣬ѾˣǾȻ޵Ľնǣ

ﲻرȵ۱㣬Ȼ𾪡ΪԱȷϡûα³ȷأ

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СŮķҴܹܻ¹ٵĴ³ţʵںĿһջȻڵϵĵ˼ϡ

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ںϣָߵŰҪԸСӣٲýصԼҵĲ͢Ը޴˵ܹԲ˳

ҪԼһЩ䣬صġ

ںˣ롰̥ľżҲôƯиӡ
º͵΢ЦԵ˼˵ӣˡǲ޵ˣ

˼ĵҲΪҡҡͷ˵˵Цˣθ

ںߣָŪաϸ۵ûƵģǿˣԡ̥ľżĸоֺ֣ߵŪ˵ʵҲҲ㡭źްɣ˵ްͰͶȢ˵ԼҵĹŮȴϧ

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˼üĿʱһݣ÷ﶼˣʼٸ߷ǵûʵϧŽź

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Сﻰ˵ùˣǼ޸ȵ۴ӦģȻδ죬Ҷ֪һ·ѾˣڻϬĴǷǺ˵

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еŮ㣬ӲˣˣĦ򢣬˵֪ġֻѱΪһǻ˼ˮһգ

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ۻʱŵ˼°šһ£۵ᶼҪˣѡ

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ǿģֻҪõĺֺڣɽ꣬伫
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˼Դã۾ĹȴһַЦ˵л󺹡

лʲôںĿ
ʵȻлʲô޷лһӿշл޸ˣȴԸͬʲô

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ںɿָЦõģ˼ȻԸźޣҲǿ㡣Ǿ͹֣šɡ˭ĵù˭

˼뿪ʵ۵ңоԼࡰ񡱵ǷһҲԼܾɷ˵ϬĻ
ʱڴ˶ĳҺͬʱ򣬲ûͬҲǼٵġһ˼צܷдʵԼҲ֪

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Ǹ¹٣һˣ˵һ䣺˵ˣūȥһȻԺһϣ˼ɼײײ˼ſʼ˭ҿǡ

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ǻ¹ٵͤԼŮˡ

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һ빬ƽǹѾںסˣΪȵһֱҴͥҲûмȸǶʱڣ׷ڶ̻̲յģǱˣţһŲˮ

˼ǰһݣڳơ̹򰲣

Цǲ˵©죬һæ˵ҡ

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ЦЦ˵˼ǣһƯŮӣ¤񡣡

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Ȼϸ΢į۾룺Ȼˣ꣬ϧﶼǶԶֻˡ
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ЦЦԶ飬ܹ취ȫǡ£ǽյĻҲֻܸں
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ƵĿ⿴˱ð˼ҧҧֻ˵ãȲ̸Ըһ塣

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ǵĸϢͨԶĺҲǿ

ʱţȴʲôʱõͷ­ǿӲЦݣȴһЦҲǣֻƴĵطҪƳ߳ȣһӵܵıԺͷ񣬱֤Զܿ԰ɣ

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ֻܲȥ
䵭һЦֺһǿϡ

һƬճܱϡϡһЩСլ˿ȣҲܲžͲţЪΡ

ڳҵɹţ۾һԶԶļۻˣżͻȻ칭ȻһֻȸֱֱǰȸһţСûм
Ȼ˹ңעĴǰ첻ļ˿ȤʱֻˢһΣϵһֻҸ룬λ¶ЦݣǰҸ롣

ŲߣǼͷ±ıܿ䲻ͻȻֿ乭ΣļֱָżʲıӡǸոնʶ˶ĴʭһӾñ󺹶ˡ

ԶԶЦɶѽ¼Це߹

˶ҲǣҲǣεشվţЦ˵˴

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ĲǵĺžͷԸϴˮļǴʷɵˣΨСѾǵԼģʮ꣬ͣƯƽʱϸ˿̼С˵ϴˮ׷׸趹࣬Ǿޱˮ½ϴļѣ

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ָḡѾһĦ˵梵Ƥϸۣ

Ѿ߶ӶҪѪƵģأ

ϲô˵ָȴŲƵֺȵĶϴȻ̾СɾµĶ䣬ôûöأ

ŮȻЩɬҲмòƵĿӣָСƵǴЩ˵ūūˣҪģӶġ۲תڴ

ıħһһֻ֣ʳָĴָһöǹضִԲְһƶûУһˮ·һգǾӨ͸ӵϸϸĽŮ˦ͷҡҷˡˡ
ԣ˵õ顣

Ůȴͼ˹Ƶģϵͮƶһʾˣ׵ľɫ֧֧ӦūиִôõͷҴˮϴ裬ϴ

ƳƳĿ䣬˵Ҳ۶ģӿɵøɸɾġ

ϴ裬ֻɴ£ŮȶԼһ鿴ǡ顷٥֣ʱһֱΪη;ż룬ʱҪ˼дʫҲǱԼ˺ЩָؼȻƴһƪԸе֡
Ⱥĺ˴򽻵Ҳö飬֪֪ˣսС

ͿϷŵĸӣĸᱻˣ޴šȻܽ˷֣ɴɱˡӽŻһĸ׵ĶţһöƯֽſ죬ժĥĸ׵˼޷ǾǸ䡱

СѾһߴȶһ߻ʹɫΪѡ

׳۾һͻȻ˵ϴʷ룬غһԼҪȥġǸø˭ͷ͸˭ͷô֪˵ģνأǲҪգϾȱ©ˣԼСѱϸˣҲǼѣǲΪѣ԰ɣ

Ѿ̶ĵģȻǾϸѡŮҲ벻ʮɴһ
Ĳظһͷɫ΢΢Щ˵ϣڵһ¤ĺɫأ

һȺϤĿʿĻȥʷĸۡԶһƬϼɫļΪƯһϼˣȫǸɫǳĺ죬ƬƬ̳£ǡѤõĻƣѵϵשǽߵȵȣĺɫ

İɷͮͮ磬ﰵһ죬Ҫ⺦ұ¤Ҳɫ

˴ʷȻԼҵڣǵ˼ĸ׵Ŀֻܺʹʷƴƣ󣬶ʷУĵºþˣİΪΣﲻֻҪءתͷ¾ͷʱʹգ

ǡ˵أұϵҲˣҲˡֻ··ϻЩ

ʷľƶˣ˵£¡Щ˷ˬȢףϲ£

Ц˵ЦˣʱТδôȢף

ʷĿһЦŶӴϺͿˣȻ㿴ǽƣؾơ߻ʵԶҲû֪ġ˵ТգТմ£ﲻʣҲˡҪϲ£ϲأ

һƹȥŴʷͷĲӣ첻˵϶ȡЦңһ
Ѿƹ˴ʷһӡʷŭֲö⺢Ƶľٶָֻܹģ㿴ŵɡ

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25
תսԸֻˮǱ飬ˣˮҲɫʢھӨı
ָָǸŶǰļҼ˵պɫˮһһغúɻԶԶظŸ¡

֪Ƕ峡޸ɵ߿ƳײڵĻűڳڡǣĬĬصͷĿʾ˶˳ˮ鿡

첻ƿˮĴĺɷ紵ߵҲȻԶˮһ£һ£徻ˣƬۡ·һɾһ㡣

ƫҪɷ羰Ӳȷʵˣڴ߻عԾִĵ˵Ǹ˰ɣ˼Ůɵģ͵һöҲ͵ƽһöʱһȻ󺹿һҰǸɣھƳǼ޹ȥĵŮɣô룿
üңӥƵĿйâݺͷһ

ЩŭǿԱ򾲣ֱͦԶ˵£СӰϷҲû˼

ЦСӰϷ˲˽ҰɰΪðɣ˼ͷ­ǲ֪ôдģ

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ôĺһӴϣ׺Цҵò˭Ҳõ

ɼ˺֮ƽϢסǻķŭ
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ǿ˵ȵɥУ޲ɡ

Цô˼Ů˶ôѽ

Ŀ࣬˵
һŻعôͷ˽ôλʵ۵˻

˵ΪұִֻУΪ󺹷ؾʤȯգɣʱ˺Ǻ˲һǸλããҾzããҾã

ʱͷʵɫȥˡֻԼǰվһͷǣ۾ĵ̹⣬Ѿĥ˱ѪҪҧϵʺ

ֵǺ˽ӹ޷ͷ㵹иᣬŮұҿˣҲԸһ·ԲԣͶңҲѺһݱҵϡӮ£ҷɣټƽ֮ǰҵݺıӮ㶼Σ

ҵģǰŮ͵͵е˼ĶѾȻóвˣͷعùһ㣬Ӷǿհףһ亹֮ǰ˼дʫģںﵽйô򡪡ĲûпţԼҲоںĶɺͱ
ôָ·һҲǸĵأ

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ʵУ˶Ŵɫɻ˼þöû˵ɫƮƮشͷԾ˿

˵ֻһ·ҪȥûѡңҸĶ㺦ңҽһµתŵɡ

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˼ԣЩҪá
ɵһСͶϡС췴ɣ

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ָŵ˼Цڵв˵룬룬롣ȡһٹ٣һ𡣡

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ֻԼ黹ˣʱǶټҷٲҳôӲǣ

ļһس˵ԼҵĸۡģߺŸ衣źظĻǼ¤ˣһ˵ĺ󱳣̧ͷյһ£Хһɡ
Ȼȴ˵ɣ㵹׼ûа

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ʤ̴ö࣬죬ͶĲҲ࣬λ׺ηӡԵȫȻͬʹúںλҲǿ𣬳ʴʣЦںǶ

ںֵдҲɻǲֲ̣˵ìǳġ

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͵ţҲںո뿪¤֮ʱעиʱͳȥˡ˼ѣǰı˺ܶ¡ָͷճ̣Ӧòˡ

߳޺Ѿصƽ
פӪرɭϣһƬƥɢĲݳϣ˲ܰѲݵؿйˡ˰ʵĴ󳼵ƬظּͿˣ˶óԷģ

Ǵ۶ٿͷѾһƬ̡󷹵ʿ˵˵ЦЦš
ȻͦŶڴУɱڣһ飺ôģ󰢸׼ãҪԼ뷨ӣҲ벻

ץ򡱴Ӿģӽ£Ҳ˵ĻǴֺȫˡ

͢ĴֻܼЦ˵Цˡ󺹸ոջصƽǵǻĴǮûеףȷʵЩΪѡ˵Ȼɥģôˡ

һһһģôţ

ֻ̾Ϣٺʹɡ

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ɷ֮ǰЦ˽㡣Ҳҵõˡ

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ˡںɻ׽һʡ

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ںЩ׹üͷš

ϰڰ˵˵˵ٳ£ʱˣ᲻Լ͸£

һ檶ѣûʲô᲻õġں˰˵˭أ

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ڻʵ۵ּ¤, ̤˵翤ͷ·̡

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һλֳףôشµģڼѾߺӵĴӵ, 

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ѹúܵͣԵ, ּһ㣺²£

Сࡰ񡱵͵øӽƵģˡ檡µġ
ɴ, ͸գȴܿǵĲҡ˦˦ȻӺߵס档

Ȼ󣺡¾ͺá硣

ֱӣüһ˿зɹһֻӥ˸ڣȻ˵̰ɡ

ʱ·ۣ·ϴԼҵĲƽѵ㣬۵öģվ࣬Ҳ˲һζ׷׵˯

˿ͬ۵öĵֳЦЦ˵ͷϢɡ

Ըˮ²һ·ɹţԼжƤɹͨ죬ȴɹɫ⿪½ʮոյݵļչ¶Լжȴɳڣһȡ

ĽɵԼҵˣͨ޼ӡ׵еһĸͬƫ΢֧һֱۿˣһλ˵мӣʱܳ

Ļŵı֣Ȩ֣·Դͷˣ

ҡҡͷֽĺȻСŻģģûԹĿࡣŵ·Ҳѧ١ƩԿִ͡һֱͦȫ޾Ķģĸ˵˵ǽĿǽС˼ɣͳԲˡ

ЦǿСֻսʿѵңĸ۰ң书ȴɡĽƽ˼ҵĶأԴЩ๦Σӹö̹⣡
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ѵ÷̲УǴǸﲫҪЩҺЦţеĺûǣеĻӦҲ£ӡ¹Σرóأ

ЦӾ¼ͷӣգ

Ǹ꣬šӡԳʱһûУЩԼҵĲһֻѪˡ

ڹȵؼĵ͵벻Сνʳɽӡ¹ֱӴһȺ˴ԽɽȵأϮ˻ЪεӺݾӪһǣѪУһ˶û٣⡢㡢ΰ͡ңƥֻˡ

͵֪֮Ŀࡣ
ûûεĲϪˮ̵׺棬ˢϴϵ˪ĩúο͹ѵͺͶǳŶģ˵ɾȥͻϮӺˣ

ڲԼؽϵѪۣԻͷ䵭Цǰôˣ

ҧҧ촽ͷ˵ɾĿºƽţ֮׵ģ˼ҾӪ˼βưոݣǴ˭գҵ׻Ǹˣʵڲġ

Ŀ˵¶ȣ㲻ģҲû취Ǻ˵ģˮ㡯ֻнˮҲлȥĻᣬҪôɾḡšһСգšúͮͮҪˣľýû˼˵Ҹ˶Ӷ
Ȼ˵Ļ飺㻹Ҫһ㣬ҲǸˣǸɾǺ˵ģͽ㵽ҵĸҲҪѧš졯ѧšͿȻЦۣӥһЦⶼûУȫһģ

͵ȼһԷθڶûУֻᡣ
ĺ͵ԼҵĲһϥߣȾƳ⣬ĵĭɡ

ǰǼҵĲ˵Щ˯գս翤ǡ

Ļһۡ

ЩԺˬĲûһǵ

ЩŭˣĺСɾɤ˵ͷͷģԳԺȺô£˭ٲԸҾ͡

һԾǱؽķһӵڵĲϣƶ·ҪĲӾϣҪôģ
˵Ц⣬Ȼɫÿ¡

Ҳ֪˳ʲôˣֻʹʱɪɪǽʹһĲӾҪϳءǺڰػ˵𣺡ǼҲǼҲĹء

һ֧ӣڼҾͲܴʱӲ׼ѺͶľͷѾշˣ˵ʲôãֻҪĸıһ٣û˰ɣ

ͷӪһһȻʶģ㡭ʲô

ŽֶûΨֻĿתؿ˵һۣ˵£ҲҪǣƢãͷ˲ҵĻ˭Ҫԣ

ֻòѪŵĵѣΪԼȥˣ˵ҪԶҲʡײ˵£Ҳǲġ

˽ͷǰﲿ˵սӵǰͷϢ󺹴ͻҵĺҪ翤ˣǱؾ֮·ԸҵģͷŻͭǮһȨġ˵ĸںͷ

㶣ͷ⡰ĸ󡱡˵ͼıڱصˡ
漴м类ĵշĺµµģģֱˣҲ׷׽һƬѵԼλƲһ߶ˡ


 28 
İѵڷ翤פ, ļԼҲǼŮǡ
ӦѾ׼, ŮɽǺֱ͹ȥһص, ׼񡣡˵˿, ֿ˿ˣһɣһҲرġ˭Ҫǻҡ

ȻԵΪʣƵڷʷǶҪ˵˵
޿ҲûãҲûãֻڴ˵㻰ȻԼҲ͵˳˷ʷġ

ûĺá
¤ʱһֵܵűǷ߳޺ġֵࡢõһں, Ѿˣó׵ס

ϢǺͨûϢ, ͸Ϲһ, ÿһо޴ķգûб, ԼҵĲҵ֣Щ̫, 
ҪԿں, ֻ취ںҪҲԲҪ, Ҫ˲ˡ

ƶ˵, Сˡ

ɽꤵʻһӣʻ죬װξͷĴϻźǩǼױģ

ԼҵĲúװȥ٣ԱԵһӢ۾Ϸŵ˰Сϸ

ƤѾɹǳɫԽԵǷЩ˵ӡϻҲףںһɫţƤСϲ࣬¶һؾ׳ĸ첲Ҳ޳ָԲۺ죬СȥʱŮһۣ漴ͺˡ

ӽƵġ

ĵǲ죺ϵң

СϺߵصͷǵĴüëС˵ƽǼء
ȻͰŮߵ˯ﶼӰӣġ˶ٱˡ
ĸףĽ㣬ڵõ˼޸˵Ļᣬǧһ·ļѺίڼĵʱ紵ɢˡ

ĴСĸ׹УһȺŮг۽缫ߣһȺŮӵķﳤ󣬶һЩŮӵ£ʮ꿪֮󣬱ռƯֻһռɫƯﰲںԷĸԹһ󣬼ɥ־Ҳǳɫûкֵ˼ֻЦЦ˵ɵСӣҲȥ
ɫŴھУҲֳǶЩ衣

Сϣﲢ⡪ò㲻ϳªҲ̫ƽƽˣһլӵһܱȡڲܲЦŷܣԵˡ

ҲǲԭŮ΢΢ģʵӢٱһֱԼɰԼСַڣ˵ˣе㲻ءҳɢɢ

ֻԥһ£һҸﵽϡ
ϼһֻˡЦţ滵

֣°ͷϣ˿̿ͷϴ˿Ȼ˵Ǿ͸߰գ

ʱѰ־ĺЩֲ֧ס׵ɽȼפӪغˮЪʣǻҪã

ʵǲһʱ·ǶĿ˵˳ĻܵɡŻ鷳

ԥš

ĳûҪЪһ

ʱĹûôأο֪ԼҪ޸ĵģԺߵ˵ͷ

׵һ֧ӣ࣬ȻȵԼҵĲҪĬĬرȽһ£ԸӪ׼ͣȻźõĲ⣬͵ϵӪ

޵ѾߺҲܶ࣬λ׼үˣÿǶ
ɬ̧ۣڰǰرϸרעظ⡣
ͷǰӢ֮⣬һɣһȸ˵ҵСޡ

̵̧ǺЦ⣺ʱʵİɫˮ֣

޸Ӻߣͷ˵ء

ЦЦįȻط̾Ϣ

ʣôˣǲʲô£

ҡҡͷһ˵ôõĹ޸ңǿϧˡ

Ϊʲô

ü㰢û㣿ôڴǺǡ

СɫЩˡףǲ䣬»ʵĿɶأµĸ־棬ĶҲƮһģ޸ģֲͬ׷ԣ岮ǶԸ⡣ʱģǷһأҼޡ
߰Ȱⲻǣδ󺹲ˡŮֲǲޡǼõʱջᣬڹﶼûеλó梵׿ϥ̾һȵðɣԸ󺹼ǵǺģ

㷵ģȶİкõ͵ʱһѱסĵĸ첲ϲ㣡

ĸ첲ϵļһ£֪СӴܵļʱҪıܡ
ͣһ˵ҲԸⵢ㡣

ǡ

źޡ
ֻҪˣܸһĴϬеʱڱصõܽ׳硣

޼ܲĿ⣬˵Ҽ޸󣬾ʲôġԸһ壬벻
۾̧ô˿øһǡ

ʵʶָϸһ£˵Ըɡ

ۣ룺⡰Ըʲô˼ǺһԸ͹ǣģﲻв֪ίҧ㵫ǲѪԵĺŮܲΪ˵

ҹɽķ硰ػţȵɽңǷǺһ谵µĺԳһЩɪŶġ

ȴһֱڷõĻᣬҪǰŮɶأĪʹķŮ飬з.Ϊֱһһ׼

Ӱ̾ƺȣľƣζͻȣȴоǰǸǧϻЦķۺɫӰӣһĮ񶼽ĲòСǰ̫ˣ

οŵģȱʲôԸʳҪǲ׵õģŸоóԡ
һĮĵ˼ϵ𽵹סϸ˫´촽˺ĳһ˶϶ȵ壬Լָ촽һһظܹȥ

ĳʼΪ컵ȡѪһҲǰˡ
˵ҲۻˣϢɡת뿪صԼӪ²ˮҲûȸУǹӼΡ

ڶ죬ŪĶTԼϴȴ·ĸɽŮƲһ̵ġ

翪ʼɪʱԶɣɺӱߵƽǴϱվӼϢ
ϳϭģԱƣӾݡӺݵʮϮ׼ķ翤翤غͶӭսѳϳһֱʤ̣Ȼڴˡո֮ݹ˵Ѫж¾ͬģͼʤ뱱һս

ֱһʱΣ
ںüϱ߼Ӽ౨գ۾ܾû⡣

ʺˣ˻Ƿӣ翤ˣϳӺݴѹغͶսʱԷԶĻӹȴúܣ˳ŵҾ׼˵ҷȨǲȨ


 29 
ںڳѾȺ۹, ǲһ, , 쿤صķعأ͢Э, ĸʵ۶ԸԼͷϹšɥӡ

ɱ˺˵и˽Է.׽Ĵϣ޷飬δۿλʵۻʲôɡ
ҷ׷˵һƣ̸һ, ̧ȵ۶佱߳޶ĵ˫ȫȻ̧ͷȻʵ۾ϡ

ʵڳ͢޷, ʺԼĵûڶ, ΧΣԶûôĺ, ȻҪõİΣ񶼱ٳˣ÷ӭȨ֮, Ӻݵı, Ȩ١
ûˣĿһб, ŬŬź󹬵ķ򣺡οи̫ڹУʵСѶԸ, ׳װʵ

¼ȨȷʵöĿϳıѡںֿǣֻܴӦͬʱְεĺϵĲǰȥӦ˳Զƶġ

һ̴ù´ʤ˳˳һǡͭǮһʵ۵һֱţ궼ûйá

£ǰϢתĲס˷磬ʤֽ࣬ӺݴʷʢУдϳǲƽ˷ǰ
ϱ౨սǿѾûжٱǮٺϳġս񡱿⣬ղСһ棬ϳԼھֲȶҲ֮⡣

ںȻսȥˡԼλһڣôǰĺһڣѷϵһڣⱾͲӯڸҪڵ
ּͣս͡
˿̣ѳβ󲻵֮ƣʵؾ˵ս£ƮƮϱ˵Ŀɢû꣬Ըܶ¿زܣ׵ľӶˣϻس̡

÷ϵѾˣǻصһң紦乬Ҳûв⣬εغ͵˼סһ
ںӭȢȻĹΪҷˣ谮мӡ
˼㵽Ϊ˵õ¤ǣߣȵĳŵ˼ΪǡԼҡȻűҲðѲ°á

÷ԭҲǸ˵С㲻ϾޣǴݰף۾һʻɰ
ڵ˼ǰģǸ㲵ٸƻüĿɢȥĳ࣬鴤ëһϣһʱ򣬾Ͳس鶯

ڵĿ࣬˿˵÷ЦŶԵ˼˵һУ˸Ц˵󺹲ңŮ˵ֽӴҲ᷸ġ
ֹס˼İοŮɲÿοҡܡԭ֪ԼݵزƫŲʵʵ¶ǱӦ

˼֣سָ̾ȫ
һǿûдҧʲôģͶһӣԭĵһŮ㺣һӵޡǲû취һһÿÿʱǿ.ĸɬʹһӴϵĸܡ

ǣܵǰ˼÷֣˿סǿԼ

÷̫ްĺͷں˼ô˵ʱͷ

ճʱӶ࣬ÿڻʺʰԴ򷢴ʱ⣬Ҳ֪öϢ
ջʺϵɫÿ¿һȦЦЦ˵ŶӴҷ˰

һȻûпλ»ȻӰŮ˶ָŻʵ۵ĳ谮ӣڳˣǶͬһ㡣һȺݺݺ׷ַ
ɲǣطĹʲôأ
ҹרҹ
ƤǺڣǺ񡣡
֪󺹿һ㣿


ͻȻͷһͨ˵ҷ밲ˡ
ȻֹĿⶼλٵҷˡ

˻ȻĴ磬٣һͷͷӲߣ֫ýǸýȵĺˡ
Ȼͱͬʱ壬һڲԭһȴѾռԭؽ֮أ˷ĴĮͲԭܶϰۺʱ뺺塣
ȻҲֻ˵ʱʺ밲ϯضһ˵ģ񼫺ãҲԳж֮ĺɫ

ʺƤЦⲻЦطλҷһȻ˵˯߲ãЩƣˣЩɢ˰ɡ

ɶٴι򰲣ʺһõıӰֿࣺУԶʵĿϲŪһ÷ֶȻŮ˾λôֲڣɼܲסСҰƵȤ˵Ļȥ¤ԼҼ޹һŮ㣬ںƤȤҪ֪ʹֲڵȻϵĻԳģҪȢ˵ӣˡλɶءʲô޵Ļ᣿

Żᵥ÷ﵽ蹬㲵ɫ̾ϢӹǶû͸ɫ͸սʱ˲һ㣡
תͷЩ˲¹֮ĲƷȰﻹģֻķͷûȫȥȻʣĪȣлͰʹ˵

÷ҡҡͷ檻󺹵ӣɶǿ檻ϼңһӳիٲҲˣ˵ޡ

ʺȰ˼䣬СѾͷûɶĻʲôϵģﰵϲ̾ʣô£˵ûޣҲȰȰҲȰȰ󺹣Ҫ¶մųɰ

÷ҡҡͷŮɲԸġ

Ϊʲôʺüʣŷ

÷ֹΣ֧֧˵ûаɡ

ʺѾõ˴𰸣Ц룺õúܣ˼䲻裬κεԼ̫޳ܡõ˼ѶٻɼƲ߿һأ˵˽˾׷Լҵ۾֮ĺףԸȻλ˻ģٲҳԿǡ

ں³ҷ˹ȥ·Ͻ˺ֵضɷ˵ٴ㣬СĶ˵ҷ˹Ȥ½£ҲҸ˵

ںСҰһҷˣｹƵúܣƫƫʺҪţܲܣЦСķޣ㻹ңҪֻǣֻҪܴӦ㣬϶ᵡ

Ť첲ϵһѣֻֻ̰ͼҪǼͱȥ蹬̸Ҫ£

żһںǲܲЦӦ
˻ʺ˺ϵ뷨ںԥⷨӶԸģҾòҪֻŪɥܲ

֮ԱǣȵΪˣʲôɴ̫ƽŪõģˣһܴϢĴűķھʰ

ȵδʱںǴǿ⣬ʱǺɥϳϣﳯ⵽ϵߣ˻ڲʰֻաʱһȷʵ鷳

δϸ룬ֻѾɹһصȷʵµظɵ˺ھʱкɫĴţ˼дԼ˵һˡһŪˣûӵҲûָԼպʰ̵

 30 
ʵ䶼ûиȥҷ, ˵˼

˼÷¾, Ŵһ軨ӡ
ںֹסСŮͨ, Ȼȥǡ÷˵ɶʴôûŮ, Ůǲﻹŷ˵ͷǲǻл

˼ɲôûŵģĿŴ¶һɨǡÿӰ仹һϤӰ۸߹ڣȻǻ¹١һҧҧ˾İЦ㲻

÷Ѿ, 絴
ٯ`󳤡 
Դӱ𻶺̾졣
, ǡ

ͷǸӰֱֱ, β

÷ﻹû, ʣŮɵʫʲô˼˼ܿô

˼һʺ÷ЩûͷԵĻʲô˼˺ϵĴ, ȻЩðգһ, ϣſӳԽģһΣķƽǹ, ΪβԿں
֮󡭡
ŵţеûס

ֱģ
Ѿս, һǳ˶ĵġΪ÷һ¸ЩֱӱܸӮĻᡣ

˼÷䣬ʾҪȳȻָָӰŵӰĺ÷˵Ҳûа취

ںȻȥ÷԰ѵ˼Ĺػѣᣬǲﻹűˡ˻Ūĵܵܣ
÷һһҧ޺޵룬ˣһץͶڴϣͽһһ˫³£صԼҲҸ޷죡

÷Ѿˣ˼ƽɫֱ֪ԼŮǲǷˣ

ڷУʵ۵ѾЦ˼㡣
̤÷üͷ׾һ壬ȻЦ÷ڵɫҲõöˡ

÷һ䲻ҸɫǴԸֱˡ

ںյĿĲ÷Իӻ˵÷ȥԼϢɡ˼л˵

ֻʣ˼ʱһɫıģھ˻ȥΪҴŮһգбͷ㵹ر𣡡

˼ͷ䡣ͱɡӣҲǺرġ

ںˣǰľͷ˺ޱ飬ԼҲǶţˣԼЦڿʼ˵ص㣺ް㿴ƽǹҲû˼ζڷ翤˹ţͰ͸ɡʱˣûôءдŸ㡣
˵ţһӵ˼鶷﷭īֽ⣬鰸϶̧̧°ͣдɡ

˼ڿôܾ

ں˵˵Ը⣡ԸҲˣ

˼߹ȥԼĥīݱʣȻ˼ֽдˡ߸֡

ںһѳżֽܿһš˵ҪԼʡ˵дʲôôӣ
кѧʦﻹף
أϵ԰УۣЦգĿãΪžݣй鶼֮⣬֪ط꣬Ǹ󡣽ƾ֮֮š

˼д룬¶ȵ֣Ļţ
̧ͷ˵һ䣺ҹ̸ЦǧĻ顣ɺã

֮ſеС֣Ȼ컣ںüĿ־ݳһ䣺޳ܰ

˼ʵǾͲдˡ

ںһסＷд

˼һбһ£ںɱɱڡǴʱҪֻҧš

дˣùֽ˴ϸһһֿȥ˼ֶϸͬŷװϣʣͶǰͨʲôӣ

ҳ޺ûͨš

ںü룬˵йһŮдǶţŶľûôˡ

ٿ˼һۣνűߡ˼ϣͻĺ¹סģǻＤź⡣
ǰģԝ俴÷˵ˡСűˡ
СѾͷҲ˼ݺݵ˵ϱޣһŲţ䲻Һû˵ʲôҲˣأɫˡ

ﴦҪģ˼˵ţеĻ˵

еĻ˵
˼ͷһȦϡֵҹСŮȥˮˣţڴߣߵȫ棬Ȼѹ͵Ҫˡ

÷ʼ鴤ҪҪجǰˮһӴƤ»߶Ҫ̫Ҫˡ

˼ֹסҲûáˣҲԴУǣӲ
Ҳ£ܸģܸģһôҡŶĹΪǿǿȨġ

˶ֿ˿С˵÷һ£Ҳܳ棻ҪðգԸⲻԸ⣿

÷ֻƬ̾˵Ůҵӣ˵ʲôԸⲻԸģԸǡ

˼Ҳ˿ţֻж÷Ȼֵš
ﶼǿɶһССƤӵ£˼޴ˡǣ֪һڹﻹи·£ϵĶӣӦòӲܡڵ״ϢֻҴݡ

̫Ѿᵽ̫סϢԼ֪롣
翤ͶڷĶӳɹ˷翤б׵ĺϾҲûлس̣Ҳշˣ󣬴ûиҸ»ʵ۶ײģ°ӿ·Ŀࣻϲ岻д˵ǸһȻԸΪΪЧ

ҡӣĽƸС
ӺܴϻۣϾС٣ľ棬ĳ֣һҲܼѣЩ岻֪ܲȫԾ

ţͻȻͷ˵һλ̫üһ뵽˭Щ裬ߵС¹ʹɫ˵Χû˸š
̫˵ͷҲҪٶ۲ţвԾǶģӡԣиԵ⡣

С¹ٵͷӦˡǡȻ˳ȥ

÷ʱԾؽ̫ϥʰ̫ЦˡǶźʵ۵ˣ˭˭߹󣿿ôţɡ

Ĳ裬ĵģܾ¡
÷емҲеִ٣бǩ˰ߣСһڲ衣£ҲĳԺȣΧһȦˣ۾Ǩžǲ˵

̫εȵˣ翴˼ЦģЩŵùˡ

÷һ죬ϵӱȫӣײſڣ֪̫֪֪֮ǰ¡

Ƕ˵£÷ŮɵУҲҪ쵽һƤ߳˵ȥȴϱ̫ϣȵȡ
һӡЩŮ¹ٶ˳ȥһûС
̫˵£ǲ˵գ

ƽ⼫ˣ
÷ӵίֱҪΪ֮һޡ׺űͷסˣɤ˵̫ҵĳͿҲٲúƤ̫顣ʵǼŮɽġ˵ͷ֮£ôĴǣ֮ǲסҵãһ·Ҳͷţû˸š

̫ЦЦͷҲÿɷ񣬵˵

÷˿֪̫֪֪ڡϡҡҵϡֺˣ֮ܿɫһƬҲˣ˵ƽֻ鴤ȫ޷
֪Ǳˡ֮ǰȥԷȻַźԷԼĪ˴·ֱӴǹˣȫ޷ʱ򣬱һ˺Ѫһ

÷ۿʪţ˵ֿʼʹ
ϣֵҹǼŮɵд˽뾩ŮɱƲֻдˣǵķǶûзһ㣬ҲûԼˣԶúܡ¶Է˼ȥֻȸ̫̫һȷ

̫ɫδ䣬ϸĿῴͫһҲýˡ
ǣðЦʵѽѵҲûзָô

 31 
÷Ǹֱ, ԭΪϵ̫, ȷʵò, Ҳýһ¡һ¡еظлһ¡˼Ҳָ׺޹һ, ˵ʲôָô
÷ﲻ˵Ҳ֪ѽȻ̫ҲûףǾֻöɡÿڸɣϵĲ裬һţˣöӶŵľͳˡϵƤӣ׶ӡҸˡ

̫ӣεЦﰮЩģҽøϻװȥԡ
İ, Ů̫˵ȥȡҵĵϻӣֻװЩĸȥ

ҲҪ÷ܡ

̫Ҳ, Ц˵Ǿ͸ǳ

÷²ƴ, ֻܽӹϻӡ

̫ο˵ҲҪꡣ֪, £ܽ鲻ĵطȥ

÷Ӳ˵Ը

Ŀ÷뿪, ̫Ŀ⻹þԺ, ·ʧ˽࣬ϵӻһҡš

ŵŮĹ, ˵ԶԶظˡһ·ϻӣ·Ƶ, ûȥ𴦡ͿɶҲû˸ȥǹļ֪ûйͷġ

һϻӣЩСŮδؿö䲻Ҳûб¶š̫˵ϴϢеɡ˵͸ңƺҲûбҪ
һ˫ÿֱü΢΢ţҡ޷磺ſڣǼСĻô

Ůǵļ˶̫ǲһӻˡ

̫ͷϢȥɡ٣жԼá
һ˵ҿСغе㶯ʵˡüһ䣺ߴɣ֮ʱмǣмǣ
зŵ۾ͶӶһɱ

˼÷ཱུӹ˵ϻӡ
һԵһСŮסһ޵Ưĵϻӣǹģ

÷һƳ˼ɫûǳôģԽ¶Ҫˣҵüͻø㱨
죺Ϊϡ

СŮģֻǴ󺹴µģƳһƳ˼򿪵ϻȷʵֻаµĵģһֽƬûС
˼֣ǸֱӣѽҶ

СŮŵ¿ͨ÷⣬ϸúܣƵĶ֮ϲھͳԵˡ
˼ԣְִַ͸ŮȻһ飺ҺҪǷʮ٤ĴꡣСЩȥܣеȡ˿ߡ岼±á͸ɶصǧѴ깤أСЩ

Χ徻ˡ
˼÷˵ɶ

÷ڿʼ֪ü۵͵ˣѹѶԻ˵һ飬˵׻ЩߺߣΪӣںƵģһûԷ磡

˼ҡҡͷԽǶԽǲ¡㿴ָָϻϵĵͼʲô



š˼ͷϳҲ֪ˡǣ֪ˡ
Ȼϻ˵ˣ˼磬ҲöԸһģȴˡ

Ǽѵʱ򣬰ӣǿб˵ġ
̫ܰϢݸӣѡգֱƹԷƽǣһƵĿҪգڱԷȻؽ.ںġһǶ⣿

һöϸڶˣҲƶᳯĸչ
һأҲδ¾ƿء

װǣ߳޶úˡ
ͨȢס˵ԼҵĲ˷ı߾߾ŪȨĿͶȺ׵ķ翤ġסС¼ޣԼòȻ׵һ֧顣

ֻЩҪںյȨѻʯĳסԸٵȵȿҵں©֮ʱȫ淴λʱ

һŴеļƻ

֣ǵ˼֣˼˼жšҹ̸ЦǧĻ顣䡣
ֻ䲻·ǽͷںĻǧҹʱ͵͵Ĺ뷿ʫ˼Щ´ֻ˴֪ǲļ¹⡣
ںӡֹôˣ˰ɣŶĺޡںôſһȨʵλľͿȥô

˷翤¿ͶûˣҲ׼Ըǡ뿪˷翤õģ˵ǰɣã׼㣬վʹˡ

ǲӦϵġ
ǣûðյľĻǶô

صլȢλۼƵģӰʰˡ

ƲޣҲƲȻƲɺܶ࣬ؼĻŮ˼衣
˷شһɴݻԼϰõĳѬζȻʮ꣬ɣüĿЩ͵һᣬѾֵŮԵúܲͷֳˣ

˽½󣬶һ۾ǻĽ״ӥһĹƲƲ춼˵ˡ

Ȼü˵ǷˣνŵԼǼȥˡ

ǹɣ齱߿һ飬ϣ˼һȥ߶޵ߵߵ

޵Ѿ߿ţһϲ£

ͷѽһȻҲϲ˵½ѽ

Ǽ䣬ſ죬Ѿŷ¶¶Ȼֹˣ洫ӡ

ĲŲء棬ÿӣÿźɫᣣױ̨ǰͷޣЦʵˣ

ڵƹȥһĵƽҲΪ˿̵Ľ߶Եöࡣ
ûа˵Ҳû˯Ϊ½ִء

ĴչȥŮŨصѬ㣬۶ǽԾ񣬶ʱѬ۾ᣬǿޣϺ㣡ǡ㡢ԡɺģ

޴˵Ҳ֪翤ģ˵ϱߵĺöҲͦϲζˡ

˵ѬµѾͷôˣޣܹʤŨأֱֱӲϲ䣬ĿࡢԵҡɵȫˡ

ԱһѾߺ˵ɺúøѧŵ㣡

¶գƽؾͰЩûõĶЦˡ

޻ܿĿд¶ˮ㡣˵¸ǸӢۡ

ı죬ЦЦӢۻء
Ȼͷһ£Բϲͷõĸֻסˣ˳ͷ£ĶѾ߶Ȼô޵һĻʱŲ˳ȥ

޻Ƶģ˵¡

ôĵͬƻִһ

áǡ

ʲô

۶ֺǡ檽ϲ㡭

Ķʱһ±⻨￴ߣ㷢źһźúһ˵ǿϧˡ


 32 
, ĶҲɬ, һ޵ļ, еԼػ˵ɵ, һģ㲻ϣǸӢۡӦƽӹһ㡣梷򣬲ŲῴҾ۾𡣡

޵梷ں޹ʱĽй˶ģ, Ǳƽ
ڿԼһ㡣
ﲻƽ˭ϣԼ޵ķǸӢۣ˭ϲƽƽӹӹηηأӢȴ, װùһ, ƽ

ǡö̾˵󺹵Ľڴһؾη翤¡ȻӮ, ǳģ֮, λ޴, ҴʱļСֻ¾ݶҵ, ҷ߾ȥӣŪҡ
·Ŀ⿴ߵ, ̾˿˵ģôǱֻǿϧˣż޹Ҫˡ

һס죬ĿӨӨģں˵ʲô

֣ģüĿƵģЦаֶˡ
ôһؾҺòãʡ

ֻеͷķݶ

˵ˣһ߰ɣϤǣʱָӾǡ

еɵͷ֣ص˵ָӾӣ˵Һηֱ˴ˣ˶㣬ҲȥҰү۰ңǴŲҪ㲻ȥүͰ梣ǰ˵

Ҫľһֹ
ɵϹȻڸһ㣬ͷЦȢ㣬Īĸ֣ģ֪ͼˣṼ㡣

˵һҲ˵㻰СȻ޳裬Ҳʺλã˸˼ʱȻҲԥһǷϺ󣬵˼ԼûᣬҲûϺֺпϲӣҲǶΣʱı

ݣһפйܡ¸һȦ͵͵йеС¹ٰѵ˼Ů˳

ڵ˼Ĺ뷿һ棬·һȳһյģЩ֪ԵˡЦʵŮɲƽһƽȥ

Щ£ἰ÷㲻ϲ˵ūûˣȲ÷

ƲƲ˵⸣УҲδءŮɸдţôת֣

ţɶͷԣʲôţ

ⳡʵˡͷ˵ðɣߣȷŮˣƽǣ취Ůɰӹȥòã
ʡòáʵ۷һɨʿֱӰѺϵ޵ĳȥˡ

ѾһЩţʵ֪ͨҼɣϢûԸ֧ԮҲ
õ϶𸲺ͷʣҰԮûУ

ʵ˵¸̫λүΪ̫ůٵ壬Ȼƽȥ󺹼λ֮󣬴ѹкͽеˣҰѳ˳ŵҪְҪϵһأûôס

ЦЦҡҡ޸˵ȿϷôȻҲҪ͵ġ

֮󣬵ƽϹԶԶԿߵɽڱʣµɣɺ縡ҫİ̳ڴϣִӳдľ飬ؾϣҲûжˡ
ŸЩ͹ŵںĸ֣˿ֵάϵѵܹıʵѾƳײڡһʱˡٴŸֵ˾ˣȷԮҲ쵽λˡ
õһϱصݵ콫С

ܾƽ˸˵ùȥţƽѵľԶʵԽͣʾЩͷ­ѪսʿľءʱעġȻͬʱݼʵۻ㱨ս

ƻһںߺۣѶĵ۱ڵϣҵţûϵǹ

ȻǱƵͶģдˣһȫԼдģʹʲôôӣҾͰӳǽ϶ȥҾͰ͹ȥ

⵱ȻֻǿţǿҲ޳ˡ

˼ͷ֣ð˵¡

ںЦ£㲻Ǹøôճɾţ֯ŮǧˡúźҵܵܣΪ
ʵֻ¶Ĳµ˼ͷŮжǷͽмĻ¹ٰԷĿչ

˼ʹ´͵αһ˻ȥ
÷ʣŮҪг𣿡

˼Цŵͷǰɡֻ衯
÷ɻ󲻽⣬˵ȥԷ

÷ﵹһһץס˼󣬼˵ȥҵǰ֮ȥ˵Ƥӳ鴤Ҫ

˼˵ôù󺹵˵

ҡȥ÷ＸҪһһ˵ȥѾˣٺ㣡

Ҫȥȡ衣÷Ҫȥļƣ˼æס룬᲻ӦƾʲôӦ

ǡҺúȥ÷ﲡͶҽҹҪʲôҶ
Щõ˼ûûΣЩŭˣҲҰŮɣҲɶѽȥѽˣϧ㣬᲻㰡ǿһ֮ܵϷŹа

ɵ˼÷ĿӨӨ⣺÷ںòã㼸Ϊκ£ʵⰮôԴģԼиѪˣֻǱˡ

ʵ÷Լв׵ģֻǾţŮ˵ôôడ

£¡˼÷οĲĵҶᾡϵػⱲӡ
˵÷ģʵ˵Լġ÷ֻΪԼŮɲֵҲȫûص˼

˼ʼױ
ںµ޷۵ɫ˼˿һûȡ̸٣ؿ䣬ȷ棬ص筴
÷ֹͣ˿¤ʱһȻȻع

ߣεۣ챦ʯĴѪΡ
Ůɡ÷࿣òС

֮˼˵ĬȻˡ
ġ롰顱ء

ԷҹĲݻĵ㣬ӱ紵᣼䴫˼ڵ¶飬һСŮѾǷ죬վҡҡλεģҪ˯

ȥ˯ɡ˼˵ƽ˯ǲš
Щ޹¶֪СǣŶԼڵȨǰֵһᣬˣȥӷ¡

˼Ҳ֪Լﲻǣ˵Ҫȥ䣬ͷ徲ЩʲôҲٻҪ

ЩСŮһʱҲΥԹԵӦȥˡ

ڵ
ȻͷһЩֵ͡·ǵлʺʡءǴصĶᣬ¡˸Щ̫гΪźš
ǰ֪ΣգȻŵ÷£һ֪ˣöͬɲĻš

ֻ¸ҵ




 33 
Ľӵ˼, һһ, ѾϤ, ϸɶչǡ֣㡢ϲ, ǰʹ壬Ҳġȥ

ͻȻ죬ıܵذֽһϣȻоַķŭɶԽ˺üԣʱѵߵô

ǺޣװͰ͵һ漴ί˵м

ƽƽ, ż㣬˵ʲô£

ã޵Ŀⷴ䵽С, 䵽żϡе񣺡ҿָš

, ·ȥ, Ӳ˵У

ףֶ, ־Լ¿η, ſǻ˵㲻ҿҲ֪һƬΪ, ȴ֪£תҪߡ

һȥ, סӪűߵʱϣͷ˵֪ģǡ㣬ǿɶصá

ޱϢţЩѹȸУ־ࡰ񡱵ͷĿѣ·ġɴĸ첲ס壬̧˵Ҳӣ
İҪԷǧҪɵŽȥ

ҲʱҵŮӣϻȵģʱʹסˣȴˣԼ϶乵亹
ͽľߣı䣬ҲƻŶ֣ܾһķ·
ôôôӴ

Բȴ˼ʱ¶˿˵ǻʺã˼

ŮŶĸ첲ϽʵеԵļ⣬޺޵˵ʲôһŮˣֵðķ𣿡
ȻֿѰ梺梷򶼹˲ˣģ㲻ҪǷţˣ

࣬Цллѣˣ

۾бһһԵϳдͻȻץס޵˫֣˫ϡȻг֮ǰס죬óѵס죬òţ֤˵ϵϣϱӣΣЦܻŻл㣻ˣҲ͵˵ˣ֤ͬͬѨߣȫ֮塣

ͷһؼӣãֻһ˫۾ţˮ

Цҡ顯ķӣ㲻лҡ

ӪͷɫŸոջƻ裬Ĵǽһ·ߵĵ˵÷õ˼Ҫ͢λˣԺԼҲҸᡣ
һ黢ڵǺĻ˶ĵ㣬ȫеϹţûһ͹˵ҪײդһҲ㼯ʱָӡ

Ȼ֣Żʱ͸оͷˣڰ˵ҡʿûû

Ц೬Ͷʴ֣лľ䣬˭ǻģ㣬㡣˵˼ԼȻรɡ

ȷʵвúʵڡŵŵԼôĲǱ壬˾ҪѪɺӡм磬òеĵӡأֲܲص

ļ˵¡ֿ˿ɫȥټЩոǿױȥˡ

͸ʱʮˣϹű߶ϿһĻ¹٣ǰʣյԣ

¹ٵȻյԣҲȻ˼һЦͷ˵ءһӣš֨ѽѽˡ
Ĵʮˣǻ¹һ·Էķߡ

ԷĽſţĴر̽ͷȥһʣû

ǻ¹һͷ˵˵Цˣ
˵Ҫˣô

΢΢ЦţϢĴĶ粻ߡǸǻ¹ټǰ˳һƬĹ϶ϢԶԶؾŵŶأĳ
֮дӵĺҶ޷ʱ΢΢¹żܿԺ⡣
طһСԺĹȡԡɽʯԣܲصʮʮˣŻԸˡ

ǻ¹ٴʲôţָ¶ɼеӰӣأ

ô˻ڵȰĵЦ

ɲǣǻ¹һѲɫɲΪ죡

ϲɾʹЦ⣬Լļһﻹڴߣȥ

ҪģҪģɲ˷ѿɢɢ˵ͻȻֿסǼһʺ
⵹ǺһһȫǾѶթҰǣ˵پɣҲ͸͸ġǱȥüҪ˯ĻʵɱɱϢΪսƷ˶ذϴһһģѪһ֡һ

˶ǸùĻ¹ٱһסˣèһɵĲӣͷ
¼˵ȺɫҰһˣĻᶼûСǿɲصޡǸأҵˣҲԸƼҺǺǡģǶģһöȵǶͣƽǹˣ𷻵ĸ輿ɣɺӻĴЩɼĹ𣬶ǵģ

ĳŵȻԸ

Ƕһ߳޶ģģһֻޣһֻǴѪ䵶µƤѥ̤ͷʯϵѪľذ粽Ѫ͡һһ˽Ѫһһʢڵذϡ

ȻûֵҹĹ𣬶ľЩ죬еĵҼΪԵĵطţһƣˬͿˡ

ڰϣһ飬δжױ˿ĿתؿҲ˵

һֻеоġٰ

֪Ҫĺɵʡ

˼ͷ⼿Ѿڶʹˡ֪޷Ե˶ԸķȻ֪壬ΪʲôҪ΢΢һͷϵؽůůţѪɫջӳš

Ŀﲻġ

ǧǸۺɫ˲ͬǵɫգͷ¶ӺͷĳȹϺɫû⡢塢Ҳ̽ؾйĶӣĵׯüֱɫ赭úʲôں

˼ں
һĶӳԽᱻɱò踺ء
һֻʹûܹأ

ЦΪ㣬ΣյҲ봳һĿҪԵƵģǰ޷ǰҲһġ

ʺһ̧ðɡ

һҲӲ
˼ֻ´⿪Ǽɫĳգϣճ졣ţֽͷ¡

߳޶з۾ʲô

˼Ƴһۣ㲻Ҫ𣿸㣡
ɣϺɫˣļ͸첲չ߳޶ǰסˡ

Ҳеģһǧ㣬ԵĻǿ.ԣôأԼˣǣǡǰǿƣִһУͷִ֣֣ʹһͿأҲֶУƣҲоķ

ȵȡȵȡ֧֧ķ߳޶ġֹƤ޴ϴҽաʼ仰ѡ

˼ͣ¶ЦЦʲô

ɣ⿪ϵӡ
Ů壬𪡢¡޳õĴʻ㶼Լϡڵ£һϮϺ쳤ȹӳ£ͬŵİĵŮһ̹Ȼ̻¶š

߳޶Ļ麹ֱðС䡰ڡؾǵ˼˲ͿĿķ絶ֺε⣬ӺͶ¶һһſˮʱ¹

˵գҪʲô˼ʡ

߳޶˵һ仰Դˡ죬˿ֻ£Ĵһ
֣Щ΢˿ѿϧ֮ɫæе䵶ժϵϵƤޣǰ񿴼е񣬲ԼѥմѪͿҪ̺ӣæּѥӰ

վվ̺ϣͷĿѣߵȻΪһüҴһԵϴ˫ֺŵؽͣʵҲûʲôҪҪʡϴʵǲ㡭

˼ϼǳһ˿Ц⣬ɼӿٶȽ⿪ף㵱һءɫbшеĺˮζҲһᰮõѬ㣬ҲšԲλָ࣬ᴥ˴˼ļࡰ񡱵ײţһ߹Ƕײʹ
½˼ƣҲ˲ˡ

߳޶ͻһ˼֫ڻͷϢܼ֣Ҫڻܸоϸõޡ

˼˼૵˵ˣҸո㣺һһòã

ҹ̸ЦǧĻ顣
ڷɵܵػɣԹ˲ˣ׿һֻԸķҷԸǵճɾ

˼żʱѹȣƬ̵ĶһǰһǧԺǽͷǸӢĵʱĶ
漴侲ⲻˣһͷǣһͷĶǣֻԼΪĿ꣬һбˡĶעĿ֮£ɣ
ȻʱΪŮСһϿɰԻǲ䣡

˼ǻǰ͡ش֪һ٣ƤѾ֮࣬˳ʸ֮󣬿Щ뿪յأҪ



߳޶һ˲񱻱ӽͷһͷŶǳǵ䡣
˫ס޳ĸ첲Լţ˵ʲô

˼ֱ۾ҪҵӣҸ㣡Ҫҵģܹ

߳޶üֱ
ľ˿ʺͳǰȴԼƲסĵķֻѡƵϣһ˺ȹȻʵǡ

ĺײϣͷɢ˺ĺȹֵİ˫ȣ컵þˡ
ȴҡͷһָģҿ㣬Ĳҵ⡣򣬲ǿȨ˺ҵƤңѪעһɢģǲ㡣

ôҵİں
۾ó죬շˣʵ̬߿βܸо

˼ͻȻЩְޱһƷɺã̾˵ҲǿȨҶûһҵˡ

ͻȻһᣬһԵܱˮϴͷʪˡ
˼ĳһеϣꡱߴŴˮõģ

ٴ̧һſˮ龧ӨȻǳɫƤϹţƵýģ˵˵㲻ǿȨϲԵԸⱻȣҶˣҲ㣬ҵԼԸ⡣
ʰڵϵ䵶ӣһߺߵġ

˼ֱӣ۽󶥵ø߸ߵĵطδƽѥӵָڴϵĺλûȴ
һ˵ҪһӲԸأ

жĿŭ㣬ȵ˼ЩΪԼĿڲԺˡ
ţ߳޶˦һѥӣֱƽǰһס°ͣӴҵǰ
Сһ˸ݺݵ촽ӶᣬʼױסƵ

˼ǵЩȻʼָצĲӣͷƾȡ̻żһﲪƲס.밮⣬㽻
ͣͣ˼ýʣǸԼܳȥˣ

ıͣ
ֻѰһһҧ߳޶ĵ⣬һѪζʱǻӿҲʹͣ˶ֿ촽ָմһ⡣ָѪȴЦˣǣһ̵ӡǣ

·һ㣬ŴǵЦĺ󾱣ͷĶͷ˵ˣģҶҪ

롣

߳޶Ц㵫ˣ
ת̺ߴѥӣааһЦ־ڱصһ

ûͷźš

Ļͷһۣ˵ڱˣԮԼѾ˳ſڣҵˣ󲿷ֻڹ⡣˼һ棬Ѿˡ¶׵ݣȻһЦ

˼ոյͷϵȹ˿̧ͷͻȻ˵߰ɡ

ģ


 34 
ô, Ը⣿˼ʡ

Ŀ˫, ֻͷˣԸ, ȻԸ⡣

˼΢΢¶һЦ⣬ֻĵ, ģһõʲôˡ
һ˼֣˵ңҲ£ҲҪģֻҪڡ

˼˵ʲôʱˣµģ

ȣӦһ, ̱죬ذСԼ

ſڣͻֹס, С̽Դ, ͷ˼ײ˼оʱЩŵ, ղһײϡ
ıһײ, һ, 캵Ӵһ£ɻԴ, ЦСһЦ꣬Ҫͷ, Ǿͱ¶ˡ
ǣ˵û£ͷӦøɾˡ

ͻȻ˼ӦûЩŮԴõģǺһˡ

˼ͷͷһۣϺЩɱ˵𣿡
ᡰšһüͷڿҪҪȥնݳ

˼˵ҶˣŵСŮܻʲô¶Ǹ״Ҳѽ

ŵͷðɣ¶ˡ󡣡ŵ˼ֳš

˼͵
ңţͷǽ鲻ɱ¾ࡣ
û꣬²ʲôʪĶ㻬һӣͷֻɫһ̲ںġ

ļʱס˵ѪˣСı𻬵ŪƯЬӡ
˵Щɱ˻һ˫ЬƵġ

Ȼ˼ǶѪζ·Ҳһ˲ӯı¹£שʯǳɫķ⣬ѪǺںġһ̲һ̲ܾòôߣܲˡ
еüǰߡ

µױ˵ͷˣ󺹵ǰӺܿΧģ
˳ƻش˵˼һۣرǻһƬƬȹӡ

û˵ٿӿٳ
ȻƳ˱֣ѵĵ˼ε̾˵鷳ѪȻҲԸⲻԸ⣬һѴᱧʱĿ⣬ʣûб㣿

ʱˡ
˼ŲᱻСݾƭסƲͷͷ˵߰ɡ

İսֹĵ˵һȽϿ죬˾͸ң˾ץҵĸ첲

˼Ҳ˵ĿǰԼЩƻЩ֪ı˹켣ˣܷǼʱ뿪͹Ԯϡ

ľͷ˿ɫʳʱ©ʾʱ䣬Ȼƶһ֣һȿͻȻȼս

󣬳˱Էһ·ֱЩֱĻ⣬ֻөСˣеţѾԴعʿȼѣŹضŴ

ס
˼ɷףһ֪뿪˱ԷȻԶλֳĴвȻʵ۰گһ᲻᲻ͬ

ĲڲЦŮ˼ҾǵСǵͷ¡
ŪȦת˼Ȧתõ˼Ȳסӣֻץסŵͷ˭ˣ

ڰĴðһȺˡҪһ֧ѣӶ¡ָӵԡʱˢˢؿĶȻٵشŻޣͿ֬ĸɲѶʱȼԶȥֻǵĹөҲ׺һƬ⡣
ѻֹãڼһΣϹŽ͵ľһӾȼ
Ȼ껮һ㣬׷䵽ľդĹǽϣͬЩ乭ر⧲ͱͷĻ𹥸ˡ

Ľζܿ촫ֻͷ˿ϵĵƻѾԿӰˣһеĻѣ˴ͷǰǹꪣǰûرȥҽ˷ѪζҲ˲ɢȫǣ

ǻ˵ͷ˵¡

˼ûĳ棬ǿŲʣ˵Ҳ¡
ȻͷһһŻ

ĵ̽ǰ棬˳ָУ޲ö˳һ
Ǻġžһ

Ŀ͵͵Ƴ
ν˵Ŷ⼾ھˣֱץϣߣ

һһҡ˻Ȼȥ
˼ĵٶȣҪ¶ѾҪгˣ˿ҧûҧסĵͷװͰ˵Ҵңȥʰ㣡

ѻڣѡ
˼˱죬ĵԼǽءȻصĵط޼ɵˣֻǰı˻Ӳġ

Ѿˣķֱӳ⡣ӭһͷͺӡӵĵкЩˡ
Ļͷ˿·˵Ͻ޼Ż޼ǰԮƼ

ָ治꣬ƣ̬侲ӳⷽʱѶϸ¡˼Ŷ󳷣׷ƥ޼ʱҵĺ۾ǰͻȻҲ⣬ľңӦ
һΣص壬ȴѲ˾֣еñۣһõԼҵĲȵ۶ĶӵţԿλڿȻѻʯ

Ͽѡ
ƽɳ׷ԼѾͣפǹƣյһƬڡ
ǵĴ󺹱ɣ˶ĵ׷ȥѪ޹飬ֻ»Ҫ꼰ƽǡ

׷ȥˣĺһԻ˶ҲǶԼ˵ȥɡפӪϢҪ뼸λɷƽǵ¡
ֶԵ䣺㿴Ȼаɣָôһ֧ϵľ飬׵ģʵʵңҿõӣݵλܽбЩνĵϵֵܣλߣ˼Ҳ۲۲㡣

ǵ˼Զ֣ã˿ȴµģһȽżţ·ߵõײײ

صΧһݣٴѲȫӪȻԼӪʣȻεǣˡ

ӪʣȲŷͷ⻹ţƵֱ˼ҵֶˣ

ƤӡӣֱķۺһƬ˿죬϶ţСӴҪָ˵Ƶġ

˼̧ۿ˭ᱡң

Ǻģ㲻ĲǣҰүͰû˴ң
ʵһģǸҪǸģͽ졢үȫһʡ

˼֪ʱڵͷ˵û˳ëߣƫ⣬˵ɡ

ĵͷ֣СְףϸָͷƵˮ顪һ£ֻҪϵˡ

ûطݺ˵ҲŮˣ

˼֮Աǡ

Ķ֮ԱЩɻȷʵûдŮˡⱲӡ

ղŵ˼ڻоȽŵ÷ܣԹ˸Сӣ˵û취ˡҪɱҰɡ

һ˵ĸ߶̫󣬶ľò̫׺ú˵Ƕǰݺ˵ҵͬ⡣ֵŮɶҪ֪׾ҷһͷɱһ

ú˵˼ȶŵԸЩһļ򣬡ܲܲҪвңҶ˵ģҵģҾ㿴ʲôζ벻

գ۾ûл
ĸϣСͽ̵ΪߣҪܲ˵㡣óջóвԹȻǰԲˬսԸɣԸԸܶˣӣҲɹˡ죬Ȼ̵˵Ҫв

תһǸѧÿĴˣһĻǷЧĿ˵ôǰҵ֣Һûô

ˡ˼΢΢Ц⿴Բסˡ

Բס͹𣿡·𻹺

˼ͻȻСһﻹͦ˼ģһڹڹ߳޶Ĳȫһ
ָιգ˵Ҫʲôأ˵˵

ĵ񴺷紵ƵģָιƤů÷̣ٵﶼȺġ̽˵ôһ¡

˼գ۾ë
ûôӦӦͻȻ齱ײ£ͷһűﴫѹֵġ


 35 
Ķ, ˼֪ô, ֪, ֻǽ̫˷ܣȻǰôһˡ

Щ, ûǵ齱߽ҿӡŵĺȵͷʪˣ˵ģ۾ֱֱصҪ˵˵ֻգ۾ˮܿһһ˳

Ц㻹һŻˣ㲻øˡãҲллҡ

Ů˵Ƚ˼, Ϊţ߲

ļЦҰˣãҸ⿪, , Һҵ˵, ۺʱжҲ¶, ն, ҵ
ϰԵв

вˡɿ˫ȣɿ˫, ⿪סĲͳ, ָûմˮһǶ˻

޵˫˫Ѿˣէһɿҧһ㣬ҧᣬ޺޵ĿȴƳĵ˼

˼Ҳ֪ﻹűˣȻǱŵģɲǼҲǲġ

ȻϵáһǿɶػʺǶڷصʱӭȢӣƽǵʱλҵŮǡסһһûΪ梷ԶҲ֪ͼ̬ǻͲΪʺ
˼ûһڶĺ󹬵ʱǺ̳ܵ״̬޲öҪ˼Ľǧ谮һֻԼƺҲϴ޺ͱ۵ĳ衣
ʱ򣬻ʺ޶㻵ʱʱȰſģλزԼáֻǺӳԽϢй¶ģԼʽʸԽĲԼͶĵľѵȵȣһλƵĻʺֻ𵽵þһ㡪ϾĴ»Ҫһĵ͵ܹ֪ģ

˼˵·žۣ檲ˡ

һû꣬ۼһתҪߵģгݣŮѲȥѵ˼סϵͷĶȥи㰲ô

֮ͣէȻûеطסͷǰҹϻкģ¶޵Ȼʡ˼һ£˵һѻ𣬴պһҹ

ֻôͻȻתˣͷ˵㲻Լ𣿡

Ҫߣ
ģ꣬żʱûһкҪߣ
гǸˣϵ󣬵ͷ˵áЩðɡ

Ŀ˿Ŀƿţޣȥ

ǲġ
˼ԸЩչˣͷҪҪˮĲСİ
òͷпܵˣʹôӡ

ĸ޵ǰ
ͷ˵Ѻ⵽طˣԷˣ

ĿЦЦ˵ô˵Ѻ⡯أл˵

룺ˣƭ˵ļ࣬˵˻˵ˡôͣôҡ
ﻹôڴģǹ˵ģҲԸŵİ

ЦŽȥȻŮǶϳȥ޵Ķ˵飬մźƽһսƽǵıţǺϵ˰صģҲԸܾˡ
˵ҪˣеѣҪǰ㰢梺梷򣬻ǰҡǣȻɣҲҲɣңƽƽǹҲŲİ梺梷򣬵ұͺݡ

촽š
⻰˵õȫƭˣֱ׵ø¡

Ҫôʡ

΢΢ЦЦ˵˵ҵĻôסʵҲ԰ϣ졣ոôʹ࣬Щˡ

޿䣬ڹסֵָϵ˵ģҶԸΪ㡭촽ֲرԸΪʲôֻվûʳ

ĶһȻ˵Ҹ֡

оЩӲʵȣ⽩ӲֻǴɣءؿһͷ˵ˡġ

ȻһһŮŮֵҹ䣬˺һۣУԼˣúźý죬ӡ

ල˴áΪ֮

ʹ¶׵ġȶ뿪ˣڿطԼ޵úëϤӣ֪òȥοҲ֪˵ʲôοֻšһֽȥ

лл㡣˵ŤźƤףŬ΢ЦţǽСǡ

ֻ֪λҲǹҵŮɣͰطʣϻ̳ϿִԭǵԼҵѾߡ

޵Ȼ¤ԼңҲ֪ԼҼŮȴһֱôϲ¶ֻû뵽λԼŮɽվĴ˻ƾһ㣬˷ͷȻؿźŶŮɣˣҺ͵Ůպ㶼Ƿ󸮵ˣȴ顢ãҹģ˵˵ɡ


ĳţϽͳ־ԼֲָűǰţʵŨҵζٵͷԼѣؿۣҪţ鷳úõ·

صԼӪѯһۣҡҡͷʾûҲûôӡ
Ҳ˼ʲôź󿴵һƬһƬԼ˺Ϻɫӳȹ񲻸˵ӡ

˵Ŷҽ޸ȹӡء

˼˵һۡ

ͷ˵ȽƽˣҾ͸ʲôʲôӣֻȽƽǹⷿȥòã

˼ЦһԭǸ廨ͷΪȹӽƽϵġ

֪㲻ǡĵߣٸһŮе㣬˿ȻԽ߲Խ˼ãͣ˵ֻȹ˺ģܸҲ㡣

ŪҵĶ֪Ҫģָβʡ
һᣬһܣȻƺһˣֻҪἰʹģ־һδھƺ޹ڹˡ

ĵȻɶͷԡŵ룬ڡסˣЦ֪ұʵǺҵŮɶصã͵ͼġҹȥԷԼʵҲˡ¶زˡΪ˿ֻұֻ֪Ϊٺ١
ڵ˼ǰȻЩ˼ԼĶЦҸʲôûСģ

㲻ý͡˼һɽһ㣬˵ֻҪң˭ʲôҶںġҲġ

⻰ȴеС˼Ť·ҪٶԶ㣬һѰһס
ȻʼŤ

˵ɶѽҶ϶ܱںᣬܽġ

˼ʱŭˣҪ

˱ܵзӦһѾͰסˣòˣЦڴףŷſ˵òãòҪƤӡӣҪָЩǹͬΧƽǣһƬƺӡ̫ˡ
ָָԼؿڣ۾ʾ

Ƥõ˼
ֻɫҲ֪ҪǣͼɫҿҸ㣬Ǹˣ

˵۾Ȼׯ̫ʱеû˼Ҳòɫԣôˣҡ

˼ûһŤվһ԰ϵһˮԼˮʱ˼ƽǣָһԵݹȥҽԸ⡣Ȼ˵˲㣬мĶҡ˵㻹ƤĴ

ļ֮ӦԶļãСӶʱͱסһߺ˵û㣡յһȥ

˼ʱһ죬һֱýģҿü䶼Ҫˡָ˸üģĿһʱǻһҸ㰴ͷ˯þ쿪ʤˣǲտΡ

Ŀһ²豭˲ɵڵϡ

˼ıʰ޺ã⿪ͷĶͷ

ľ裬۾ûϣƤӻһ£ϵļǱýġ
ŵ˼˫͵ذͷ𽥷ýǷˣýĲӷˣԾ˫۷ˣȻ½·ĵطҲˡ

˼Լ￴ԼһȻֹһ߽ţҸһƯϱ


 36 
˼ѹʱ, Ϊüġ
һ, ׶, Сĵ˫ֳסӣ, 

ô˯ˣܵسŵЩּԼţһû٣ϴű˿౻ӡ

Ĳ˵˵Ǹ˵㻰ˣ˵˾˯¡ѵϲ˯ģ

Ϊʲô͵͵ң

û͵͵㡣ֱ׳أҴ󷽷㡣ҪҪҿôô󷽷׵ģ

ޣȻ˵˼ֻһۣȻ

Цһкǰ㡣żЩࡢΪ׼İ˺ţ⡣

, ӱšһ

˵Ҫȥˣ糿̽, Ҹλ岮ֳˡһἯñĲ, 첻ˡ

˼ֻ˵˭Ҫ㣡Ҫһ֮ս, ˡͷĶҾ֮, ߵĻδش
ٿһЦ, ǲĽʧߡ˼˵û¡ԼСİɡ

ʲôãѵһЦ
ҲЩʧ, ֻԼЦЦ˵Ѿ͵˵ˣǰƲ, ָӵöԼҵĲͱ¤ȥ

˼ܲݣһлл㣡
˵Сᡱ˵ҪؼҡһϾһˣͻȻдƵģ治ϰߡ

ɲԡŸղŵƣ조һǡ

˼ܵ촽һ¡

㣬ͷľЦ˵һҲ޺ˡ
Ȼ°˵˵ҿ

ҵӣ·һǸĺӡ˼޷ƽʱԾʧ񣬶˵Ҫ̰ðҡҵ㡣

ȥ岮̸ֳ¶ȥˡ

˼ĵԼϴȻŽʳ˵Ůɣױ
ôòЩ£СѾͷһ仰˵꣬Ѿ档

˼·Щʣϻ𣿡

áҭţʵˣ·иţǲ˳룬ȳ˾ȳ˰ɣܻڡ
ӹ˼ӣͨͷ߶߶˵Ůɵͷûǰôˣǲ˯ãǳԲãǧӣҵͷ

˼ӾЦˣ㿴طȻףǵطˡպǻһģҲףϼ¤ӰЩ
ѹų꣬յȥϴʱ˳ĴڸʲôȻ󿴿ܲҵ÷ĵԶɡǽеǸҲھӪƺڹ¤ĲҪ

ôصȥ̾һҹҶˣǺϻ˵˺ö¤ϺŮɵ¶һûһ˵ˣҲ֪ʲôʱ˯ڵˣǼ˺أ

˼һЩ޵Ȼǵ֮ģֶȷʵ﷭Ƹġʣ˺ʲôأ£Ҳǹ㣬֪֪ˣܰս

ʵûһ£ӲǼ޵ôֵ˶ĵľӪĲǺúõȥôִƽͷˣ
˺ϣֻ˵һûһģҲ֪ľ棬ľǼ٣׾ֱ治ƶӣֻһԶ˵˼

˼ɫԽԽʼ԰ףޣôƶϣҲ˿ŵġŲߣзʡھ͹ŵԼҲؼңֻһӾͱ׽ˡ
˵Űɡ

һ׳߽࣬ŵ˼ѵİ취
ȳˣֽӹʳ˵ȥҶɾȥ

˼ҡҡͷ˵ڷľӪٸ˵һһã˵꼰㡯

Ůɶ飬ѲԺԺ˵ūסˣ

˼÷һͲܵסԺÿ˵ƨϰǶٰӣʹǲʲô˵ﵶǹꪵǣǾ仰˵ˣǰʹһ¾͹ȥˣҪ

ʱŵˣ˵ǡ

Ƿҡ˼˵ͬһġĸǳΪһСİ˵ġ
Ͼǿµġ
˼̾ϢһҲηηŵģǰͷ·߾ˡ

ո⾫岮ֵ鹥ͷͷǵ
ʮƽǽֻжʮ򡪡һǽպˣһЦҴúϵΪȵǳǽʱ򣬾Ϳ¥ЩҲպ²µȥˣ

ĿһɨܣҪǣû˲С룬˭ĸԸأֻܽǽǣǣ·ϱǰĲս鳤Сʲ鳤кն
ܵЩںͷõ˰ɣ̯̯֣ߣ˭㣬ָӣ

໥ھҪ˵ҲһЩˣſƭϵĺϾͷĺϾɱ۳¥ϵĺɱǲɱ˶лɳˡ

ǣ׷׽С֧ӵĻ졣

ŪЩ˵лˣ޵ЩͰ͵ķպпڷԣ

˭һ˭ָӡԽԽܹ޲ˡ
ԣҲǶŪȨĻᣬٴЩǣԸ̵ĺϽĺ֡

γǰкܶ׼ҪرǶҪָƴյĶ飬ҪıҲµӣȻӪǵҪͷȫ룬ȫ˼˧оӪ⡪ͷıƻͷ˼⣬ۼ˾Ͱɳߣ˯ʱϴƽǵɳ̶ӡ
˶ˣĿ⾼˿ûо⡣

Ҫ㣡

ɳϰһЩӣŴһ£žѨ˵ʲôˣ

֪м

ý˵ҲãһƬƤ

ͽǸС⣬ʾױС⣬棬ʲôϡֻǱһƬ䡣

ǱϳʶúǽڼձߡͷװεЧļǲ̫Ĵ̵ɫЦԭҰˡ

ҲܽʺͶ˰ֻ۾͡ת
֪˼Եױǲȥˣ˵ΪҰǼģҲڵòƽͷϢأ

˵ǡƽʮţʹʮţǴŵ˰أűţŽɽͣͣ

˼һ£˵ԣں·ߡ

ǡ˵ǣ̫˵ҪƵùǽ

⻰Ҳף̫ϾںϣǱƵ·ˣܾͲöĵĸҪЮ

˵ߣȷʵ̫в
Щįͷ˵ˡǰ߰оУΪҲɽ¶ˮСҰɶؿܴٽһ£

ҡҡͷλ󺹵ӣɽˮʱ򣬱Ҫ˭˲õġ̫˵ᶯӣǧһֻҪúˣҲܹתΣΪҪҪ׼ˡ

ĳص˵ͷ˵Ұģһƽ

˴ҴˣԽŶϸµɳŲһſŴӣżʤܱȫĸ׵ȫ֮ߡ
ȴȻ֪⼸˼תƣ˼˽֮Ȼټֵ


 37 
æµ, ռȶļƻ, ڶҪڲ, ƽǹ˼Ҿ֣Խǵʱ, Խв
ٴμһУƿǰһ̯Ƴһɳ̣ɢȽű˵ȥ˯׼ϴˮ

ĺˣԵԼӪůɫĵƹʱر·Сʱ㸸, һڻصĸ׹ĸҲ͵⣬Ҳŵĵ, Ҳº͵ĸο, һӾȫȻ, ڡ
ʵν֮ģĳЩʱҲǽ㯵, ѶΪ֮ɡ

Ҳůůϴˮ, һ磬üͷˮ, ˼ʱߵС
ܣԸ, ʱʱ
ҹ˼紵
˭֪ٯ꣬䡣
˿ʵȥѸ

תǱЦ㻹ᳪ裡

˼һɸƣֵôͻȻͷ

һֱ䵭ģʲô⣬ǰǴΣǰѶĶˡ˵ѰСұʵУẦߣ֣Ҷ

ЦG㷴ˡסĵط
ȻЦ˵ӭ㷴Ϊ

ǰһգһأ·Ѱ촽һ١

ȻԵͦһŲѿʱֱĨǵĽҺ

ЦôԼĽֺͷ˵ԼҳŮô

˼һۣ˭ƤЦģ

Ұߵã㷢ϲɢӣһ縣ˮƵĴָк
湻ͷ©СѾָ˶ָָϵæҪԡ

ø˼ֻܹ죬´һһɿ
ĵͷëȶһһĿս׶ǣ˵һɣòã

һ٣Ȼëû̧˵㲻ҰҲѾһˣ

װɵͷͷʸжĶǸߵˣ˵Ǹһ𡯣ԸⲻԸ⣿

Ը⡣شúܸɴࡣ

ʧȻʧģˮĥµġȵ˼⿪ۣ⿪е¶ʵؼʱס֣һʣԸⲻԸ

˼̧ͷһۣûֱӾܾ˵ԡɡ

ĶʱԲλѵǼ˯оӪûкúϴԡŵζˣϽѶɾˣ絽Ⱥԡˮ

˼۽Ƴˣֻ⵽壬ʵƯƫ˳ֲûҲȫû뷨Լϴ裬ȡ˱飬ͷ

濪ʼʹôˣˮͨͨ죬Ȼںϴ겻

˼˵ҵͷױꡣ

ͷ˶٣ʵҲŲҪǴꡣߡ

һסһ˼ԡǲĶ

˼ֱʹ֪ôǺ̾飬Ƶͷ

ʵˮ䣬ʲôĶٴս㿴һ壬̵֬һһſˮ顣ҡҡͷⲻҵĶ
뿪ӱסˣȻĵ

Ц˵ŶģҵĶʱ͸ҵϴʮˣԺˡ

ҲҪ뿪

ĴˮվһѾͰ˫ۼ䣬вǾһϴ衣Ҫˮ

Ȼһ˼ܵķӦǽһֱסĲӣԼĵˮȥ
Цÿģһδչȥʣѡĸأ

ĵĻëѸģ
˼ҧгҲû취ֻǰллʹͣ

İȻԡ裬εδվ̺ϣ̧°ʾȥȡϵ
ΪСٴƺԼļƻ˼Ϊϵˮղɡ

סˣֱڶĹ̵ϣļܱٵûɢˮԼɵζ
˼ͻůϢסˣ·©˰ģԝԼһְλСûһô಻Ĺ·ǿ̹̹úõȥġ

Լһ񡱵񡱵ʼ˴˴ȴ漣ıúġ

˵ˡ

Լ˵ĳİ̫¼ͻȻ

Ļˣɿ֣֫׾ذᣬƵ˵ޡޡҲǿ㣬ҵԼԸ⡣

Ӧ˯ڸŵϣ˼շת࣬ձһ˯š
ŲȥʣŪԼҲ˯

˵Ҫƽǿսˡ

Ŷ˼ͷϲȥǸմ󲻴󣿡

ȫûסر˵ҲǾΪ֪Ĳ֣ҴȶԸţﶼǺϵ˰أҲϺϵȥͬҲٸꡣҲкӦһ˷϶ͿԴ򿪳ţС

㲻Ҫ˼˵£ǳʲô⣬Բ˶ߡ֪粻֪

ͷ˶٣ȻЦáΪҵġҽе˷ܹȣڶ˯š

ôأ

ʵʵ˵ܲٹҰĦĦ

㲻׼ֶŵġȾš

ĴӦˣȻ£бߣͷ
û֣ʵͷѹŬŬԼС棺˵ġëûƽҲǿ㣬㡭ܲȥοο

Щ˼Խ˵Խ˵ƤҡòҲŪ֡Ұúأ

˹ԣ㲻ˣţֳôӲɡ˼ֻȥ˰죬Ȼһ壬һ
ϴֻ˵

жԲ£Σ˼ǲܾ̾촽һ¡һסڻĴչ
쿴ͷСӵ촽нǵģҲŸӲǺͷֻ˴˺˱һȳ˿촽ֹء

˼һֿˣÿһЩ˵㵹ûˣ
סߺĿ룬ָա

Ƕõʱ壬ƤеԵļ⣬ƾеŮһںˣͺ֣ǵǡʧ¥̨Խɡ·Ǻţ֯ŮԴ˿̵ĴΪȵţŰĿ񻶡

ֱΪˣĬطֿ΢΢شؿڵ඼񡱵

İĦŵ˼޽ǣ벱ӣĥ˺һϧذڻ˵Ӯ䣬㶼¡Ѿ͵˵һƽϢãӳȥ·ĺˡ

ڰ˼סû˵ݺݵѹԼӿİ⣬ϵظԼǻᣡԼòȡĻᣡ
ǰ˵ҪСġͨͨоָص˵ͷȻ˯ȥ

ڶ𣬶Ѿˣϧ붷ҲˡͷӪҶӡ
˼ЩνҿſһͷûҵӰֵذ£Լҡ

ͣһˣյļоգ뵱ʱǿϳ󽫾ĶҲʤΰ룬ȫˡôȫƽľԶһҪãʤĿԷǳ֮
ԡ
˼ţǰοԼսʤǻĴϲڼһСۡСϧС㣬ҲӦܹ˰ɣ

ţӿ㾪ϲؽгһֻǺˣʱʧ

Цô£ȻһϲʤģתۿңһɥôªôŮһ;öģ

˼һЦܵ糿ʲô

߶߶ذʳڿ˼һ仰ûȥӺҼŰϵĶԣҲԲζذˡ
꣬Ժ˵㻹Źܺô

ҡҡͷأԼȥѾߡ

˼˵˶ȥˣܲϵһ


 38 
޲Ʋ, ˼Ȼ֪޵ĵھѾС, ˼Ҳסֻ, ֪λĹŮλŮȴ֪˼

һ͵
޼ʱһºͶغò, ӪʾŸһڽš梡

˼꣬εأȻԺ˵ѧ̲ķӣȥȡשţ

һӾ׹ҲԼŮ˵ˣȸŮ׼Ȼ˴ȥ, ڿǽߵȡƥõ˿

ֻʣίߵʱ̫̣˼ֱ⣺˵, 󺹺ͿɶΪ˩, , ͻأǽЦ

̧͵͵һۣ, ͻأ˼ǴȢ, ָ˼óʹ˼Ƶ¶, ˶ôŶһз塣ֻǣЩӴӶĵıѾʼΣ, Ҫ޵ķȷʵϲλԼҵŮɡ

ЩӣҲշת࣬ҹ¡糿𴲶òˮֽ׵۾
Ŀܣ梡梷ǣһӾʹ˼õĿܣҲǺ͵˼ġԵģνġûܳĿܣֻܼ߽ϣŶżҡ
Щˣ֪һ˼ĸѽ
ǣǿɶغϵӣҲûѡ

˼˶ȦЩˣ̾˿˵֪ġиӣȫڣû

޵Ȼ
˼Ҳףû㹻ɣƾʲôأ

ʱ򣬺שţ飬޵Ůγӡ˼ӣש裬ޡͺ.غ˲裬Ůʰ˶ȥˡ

˴侲ôãѾ˸˼ͷ۾бһ¯׭㣬˵ˣԲԸŷֻⲻ֪ȻƢֻһȥϰߣιƽٰһѣǸˣպ󲻻Ḻ㡣
˵̧꣬ͷޣЩգͷϡֻҪװ֪С

Ŀһ¡
˼Ҳף¶ģΪڼһԼͷš̷ܲЩϴֵʿ

һģĶʼɺơ

쳣ž˺һ̧Ц梣Ҳ֪˵ʲô

˼ҲЦûϵҵȹر˺ˣûɵŮܰҲһȹӣ

еġˬʵ˵ίȴҵĿޡûϹġȹӲҽ͹梡
ϥ˵ôҪЩһͰ梣

á˼Ц֪Խ٣Խѡ

޺˶ϲλԼŮɣԼðһðհŪߣլƱҪѹģҪðյĻҲþԼǣȥȻǨŭ˭ԲҰƢ
ٶ໰֣صص˵ͷ

ʱԭӪѾӪ룬ԯڣ;ÿġ

һҽ˷ڵӪʣһҴҵسţһĴҪҩûУҪûУһ죬ʲôûУ

ҽί죺ְǾж˲Ը˼ҵķҩͲϤ˵ҵģҩ˭ҩ·أ

ٴνȥѾҽϳУɣۼðϣƽǴ̣ͷЩȴȥƲǵˣ˭ɣ
ؽŮȥȡơõˣŮ۵С۵ģŵͺͷ顢Ϲ˶ĵ˼

ꥵģʮˣų·뿪ƽǵĽ⡣

ˣһվûͣ
ô°ҿͷӣɶͷԣŮͻȻﲻ

˼Ѿժ飬ŶҲҿһǳɽ·֮䣬Ǻ^ļУƽǵĸǽѾˣǰ·͵֣֪ٵʲôԶԶػͷһƬģԶԶǰҲһƬġ

Щʧ䣬Ժһʱ컣һʱһʹһĻĻ̤Ϲ;ˣЩ˵Ļ⣬кҩأ·Ҳֻоȥ
ش˵췴£Ҽֵܼ䣬ܹյġΨлȥſܻ

˵Ϊʲô뿪ԷΪʲô뿪ӪҾ÷Ůͦõġ

˼ʵң󺹺ͷⳡ̣˭˭Ӯ

ץץͷ⡭֪Ů֪

ҵȻҲ֪㲻֪ģΨ֪˼ָָָ񣬡ǲܱҺ͵ԶɾҲ̸ˣҲ֪λֶΣԸԶԶģǷǣĻŴһЩ

ûͣ
ȻͷԵ˼˵˼ãˣסѾźˣϽԵ㶫˯һҪ·

һټͽ·κʱ䶼ơñۣȷʵѧ˲١

ҹɫѾˡɽССһ䣬ֻм˼ҡǵԼҲĹһŵüŭĿģûʲô˼ңսսǣ˼ҵĶǮʹԸ⣬ҲֻСʰݺ̣ͨһȺ˺˵¡

طǼҪʮռ䣬ڴϺܿ˯ˡֻһ䣬ֻ˯˼ͺش˯ıֵܵ¼ȨҲû취ܻˡ

˯ˡ

ֻµ˯š

ڲϤϷ˰ձʣãܴ󺹺ͷ˭ӮӵȥԼһô¤أ

˼ĬȻһ˵ǰսʱԭǸʱǵԼҾӦ϶ˡսս˼ҵϣΪǰ鹵ҫű˴ͨʵȨΣ롣ɶԵ࣬ȥر𳤣¤ǹѾˣ϶Ǩغ˵ĵؽȥɣô԰ӡ

ܰôʡ

˼ʮ꣬ȷºһƬϱϳأڧϣȻλѪһƬιֶκƽҲս²ϣ׹¶ҰղʿСúЩʵֺγǿֳ飿ϷѧĦ棬ĸǿеͷѰЩο
Цû취ȹȥܲܿǿӣͷ

֮ͬĳ̾

˼˵ˡҲֻһǰƽǲл·ⲻ£ӣֻܴݺѪ̡Ǿͳ϶Ѽ°źðɡõ𣿡

ˡ˵ֻҪ޳һ

˼ԼһãȻ۾ǿԼ˯ŲĵģһҹΣԺǸָһЦаְֺޡ


 39 
ƽǵĸǽ, Ƶü, Ǹʧ
Ϊǰĺ, ǻĳꪺʹ󵶣ǰͷԼҵֵ֮, û·ֻǰС
߸ߵĳǽϱʯǧٿףܦ˱ôһݳϵֱҵĿȫǡյý̿һڴʿ䶼սǰģԼֵܡѡھӣ˿ȴȴһ̣

ʬڳǽ¶˺ܸߣԶԶؿţ¶һЩЦ

Ҳо͹, ֻŹݡԮʲôԶˣſһݺ޼ġ, ;ķ, Ӹһ飺㿴ûʲôҪ, ǡġءӲͷһģͲøˡ

˧Ҿô˽ܵż㶼ܿ, Ҳ˵ˬζӹż㿴˿, һֶ˵ġءӲͷӿ, æر˵˵ϲͳܵЩ뿪ˡ

ؾ, Щˡ˭˵ܴ˼˵ûŷԸҪѵ˼㱨

ĵͷ˵û¡ϴԼҵĲר˵С´̣ӵ˵ĵطȥɡ˼ӣֽɵĹҲ޷

ڼƳǵϲУ˿ûʶߡĵ˼Ȼ뿪ľٶ

ǰĺ˲ˣǼ˰Ȼɶѵʬ߼¥ͷڶĵָ·ǰѾʧȥĵسǹٱɱ仨ˮȵ߷սʿڿʼмϳǽϣ˷ܵһɱݣƻ󡣼̶һһ˵ϳ¥򿪳ţѶ֧ɫĶŽ˳š

ǰͷѪɽȫǺģձûҝġֵܺ岮ƽǹΪһĳҲŪ󺹵ȴȻںͷƣۿŴ˭һɫľʿѾԽϡ裬֪˭һ

˳һ룬ɣɺӵĶɿڴ˹˾ơʣҰ𣿡

ˣҲ˵Ⱥʿ

֣ζһСˡ׾˾ʶģǰѾǶסϲЦˣ

ˣĶһЦĹˡرϣر᲻ģ

ģλ˾ϼ˵ңﲽıһʼûǼ˱һˡȻӶþ̣ҧҧͰȥˡļϲãպͷˣ

Ұڹﻹðɣ

ľ˾˼ĬһĶĵļͷ̫ǶҪȥԷ꣬Ǵʼղ㰢ƽǹˣҲڻسﱸǡ
˾˶˶٣˵ǱϾͦѵġ̫˵ˣвгŪƳײˣ㲻ԳںСɱɱɡ

üͷһ˵ֻһ

￳ɱҹȴսʿҲв޹İձɱƣٲٺãʤ֮Ĭ°ӶԼԴӽʿǣ̾Ħȭƣ˷Ȧһ㡣

ǰҹʼӵģѲǮƺŮɹŻŮʹĿ޽

ʼסӪʶȥԭƽǵȻҲ̶ãռƯŮǣͷѾΧǽȹһһƽǣں˿ʼ˶ԸҾɱ
žҲͷǸĽʿĿ񻶣ֹԼš

ͻȻűһײ滹һȺЦˣץһͷɢ½˺ѣŵɪɪ
ϥһ򣬴ͷ˵󡭡椶Ư

ЦТҵģ

ԡԣԺᵯã

ǴɱɱҲᷳէһиֵģϴϴ䡣İСĸ첲ȳޱɢͷãЦ𣿡

Сﶶ˵еġڴϡ

ȥȡɡЦ˵

ļҲԶԶţ֪ǺĵǸĵ𱣬дٺɫģ䡰ӷ𡱣Ͻȥȡˡ

СЦ͸ο£ڲٽŵ÷ˣӹã˵ңѽѽһС
İڰ֣Ҫ͵࣬ô

ᡣСһۣϢָɿĸϵʱС̡

ĸһ꣬ɵ˵ͷҲԡ

ʣҪľһ鰴ƬӪضʱΨֻʣȼʱɲı
Сڴߣŵ񻨹ǶƵģ೤˳ߣֱƮ

ӣö鰴ƣĴˣĿˣ죬ӡ
ĵЩ⣬־ӦǿˡһߴЦţֲԵḡıˡ

һϣͷˣ

һȺˣҲݲֻͷѡһ¶۵ͻȻǺޡ

ġ͡һЦޣ⣬ʿɣ
˻֣˭Ĵ߰ɡ

ͷ˵͸ģļһ䣺쿴Ưģ

ĴһСǷ³ϵģҲûôˣĵĿ⻹Щ顣
ͻȻЩԴ˼Щӹ֬׷ܹۣ
һЦҿɲ뱻ķӡǴ߰ɣ˭ҵľ͹˭

ѾֵС˳ȥǸӰɤӿʼе˻ơ
üͷһʲôŪʪٽȥôеúɥƵģ

ͷ˴һӪʺͷӰСϸ˫ȣһĭͽȥ²س.Ū

³İ˵һ䣬صӪСڵϵһ㶪˯ˡ

岻
ټƽǺܿ챻һ֧֮ʦϯѹǽ⡣

ƽǹŨصѹҲҵģбչϹ⹴ƵıأͻѪĺֺɫ

ĵĺɫҲǵѪɢһѪζսƽǱŵʱѪӰ࣬ζǣҪˮСǶƵĲá
ǿɣɺӵʱֽµѪǵûζͻȻ˷Ǳڸؽ˿Ҳ죬ȴűѪ

¥ܦϣѼ.󣬽֭ˮñʱ׼ǵһ
ĵĶͣڳ¼֮⣬ϣ۾ɫȻȻЦͷڹղӦսˡȸˬȻַ˯׼Ū

ô˵ʵйעƽǹжַ˯ľͺ˯
ųƽǹɽɽ·࡭

һ˵ˣرš

Ĵϣø·ȻǽҰΣˡ

ǷŻɽͷ˻еɡ

̾˵ҵ߰û취ʵҲЩû취ɽġ

΢һˡˮϴ˾ʢһӾˡսףȵתһȦȻڳ￴ŲԶΡȻƽǹǡ

ƽǹܦְĽѾ۽ӣעͷϾһѾͷȴȻЩ̿

ںҲǽһҹû˯ȦһƬɫƣǼǶġ巹Ѿ˺ܶˣʺϾ֮󣬶촽ĬȻᡣ
ںȥʺӣʺĬ֪ɷһεС

ں˵ƽǹزסˡСͲ󣬵Сձ˺˼֧Ķ飬ҾȻָԣ磬Ƶҵĺɱҵ˱ƽǱ֮⣬ûӸҴԮˣֽӲӲͽķաɷ죬ľ˿̱һ£ҲΪ˺С

ɶغײ˵Ȼյġ˿ڶ࣬Ҵ·ϣ׷ģֻ´׸

ںޱصͷϼ߶ĻӺ͹ǴϰɣС谮ļ˴Щ

ںϵ֪׸ͲҪһһˡҪǴȥҪҶɽνССŮΪ鷳ҷȻĹҵĵطĶֲ࣬Ĺˣʢֲǣһߡ

ģ֪պ󻹿ϣܲζǴеǰ˲࣬ϽԸ¹ȥǼǲʰϽصǺ
ںڴ£ķԸĵģ죡ȥ蹬ҵļʶһʱҼһˡ

߷Ը꣬Ǳں˵ˣж̵ļʱ򻹲òһ߰ɡ


 40 
ƽǹϳ¥ϵĽԡѪս, ⲻ֪Ǳߺ, ӵĴȻʻ, ʵĵĽ˵ģڳܡ
Ǻһɽ, Ƶ·ббȴݳеСںӴ̽ͷߵͱڣͷߡ

ǣͱ֮ʸ˶ĺ֣ҴģһƵ, оնɱںĻᡣ

˲׵ΪСǰͷս֡ͷԮ, ҲһܲġӺұԮһӾ, Ķ˸Сġ, ȻһһĶ
ǰ漸ţƽ, ͻȻ˫ĿԲ, ؿھҵ

Ϊ˵, ˷һż, ɫ࣬ҧҧǶˣ

ߵ˶ĲԾΣû˸ҳѯʡͻȻ˿·ҡҡλʻϽĵ䣬ŬŬ졣

ҧذͷĽƺʹ׼õᡪһȥ־ͻ뷢ɱƥԦ֣ȻԻ׽ܵں
۾еģԽǿҪԼעУΪӪȰһսȴԽ㡢ԺģҲΪǸˣǱѵʹǻ֮ȥ

ôһΣǰɽʯͺ¶޴·ƥҲױܡ

ڷųһǸĹֶܸоƮͷʵȴ䵽˳ԯϣֲȣһһ˻
ҲæżںҲѵصױӶĵѼ߲㻤ס˳

ͻȻһ۵ĳ򿪣ź¶ͷңһλεĸֵϸϸѪѾڵϣ˺Ǳģ
ںĳﴫģô޿ɱ㰢ٺһս

ģǱȻشԶӺģҪߣңɱ

õˮȴͻȻǺһҡҡͷ

ʯ˲䣬ںѾץס㣬ߣ

ԦֶѸٽԯȻںһ϶Ĳҷż䣬̤ųװԦǰС

ͷȻżںĳֻܱܿ󳵺ٶˣһ롣
ȶȥʱһҿͿɶغϱļŮͷɪɪ
𡭡ɱҡ϶˵

ĵؽһӸϣ޲ðŮ˺ĶŮһͷüĿħһյļⲻϳ鴤ڷ½ͷ˵ҪͿںϲ

δ·²˿ɶأҲɥģĸ׻°ߣǻġ
һģ֪ûȥ˼ŵһˣ·ûټС·ߣĿ֪

Ŀ˰ѺϼλӹƽѺ߱͡߷ԸҰ˾ʢƽǹӹ.ˣǹնΧʢѾλš
˶٣һһЩڹ⣬Ұ˵ͷϣƽ

Ͳһ壺ʢ˶ࡢԸͽȽǣ׽Ĳ٣㰴µĶһһƣɱɱ⣬λãһЩҷķǣ͸練ơ
ִʤģĸûоȻأںûɱһʧ󣻻һԵʧصĽȻҲǱӣ

ŭͣһСۣ־һȭСӦѳ룬ľ̴ϣȭͷһƬѪѪͷ԰ĵʹҲϡƽԱߵױҶ໰۵ḷ̌ݲݰһ£˵²˳٣ȻƽǴá

췴Ȼ̼ҵ˳棬췴벶һʰˡʱ˽ѪͳȸںĶںϭģҲǵ̬̼˵ȵµĳӣԭȵ۵İӣںСıɱȵۡĵǻ׵

һѪȷ粻ᡣ
ֻҡĿ͹裬ҪϴУϴ󹬣ϴֵ岮Ͼڳʰ˼ʵǷߵýˣĥںɳ͸Լ£.ڹˣһ䡰
Ļ͵Щ³ʿΪΪ檣Ļձлɱôʹôһǻŭ޹Ů˵ϡ

üպһϣ©СѾָͷӣţ½ܲǻĴ߳޶ģͻȻ޵޹

ΣȻ
ĴٵüҲûʱ侫Ĵ磬ֻҪѬȹޱ߲ʱµ޻촽ϵȾ޵õ֬Ҵҵ˶־ӵ޹

ѾԡˣڰϡŨɫ£˿壬ýϣؿ¶һǳɫļ

޲ͷ͡ǰС˰ֻҿ½

Ũҵζü˵ͷѵ˭Ѭ㣿͹˾ʮ壡

ŵͷ˵ԺѬôŨˣֱݵĿֵͷ˵ˡѡ

ͷҲϸѡģ˵ϲɫ֬ɫ֬ɫŷɫɴߣڻž˵ϲĺĻ
ߵشһڴЩĶ

ûĶ˼ͷʣ֪ΪʲôȱߵŮ

һЩ̻ȻˣǶҪȥڵ˼ߵŮһ䡰ְʹɱˣһѪĲң治ҿ
ӽˣ

ҲǼĲŮ˿Ȼס˵ְֻ֪ʲôְҲ󶮡ָ̡

Ķԡ󺹡ƺԾô̶ߣͷ˵ô֪úһˣôˣ

޿ڵϣ˫Ҳͣȣ𪣬µĳڵסˡ
һʱ嶯һ£̧ͷ˵ϣҺȲ裬һ˵պŮӢ̴ͬ󺹣ʱӯӯģ˵ѾˡҲҾ̫٣û뵽ȥජЩ˵ǸѾߣȷʵְ๼ǾҲ๼檱֮ˣΨһԶǴģ

ᣬһڶĽϣֻѸٵ˽ţ˵˵ˣ

ʹö£ס½ô˵֪м٣οôȻҲѽ

ٵĻѲ𴩡
ôʹ
˿һйڣԼ߷йǾ޵ӣֱһѶϣ¾Ͱ֬ɫ庣ĵˣֺܿ°ˡ

ޱˤûʹֽڴ۾һ
˼ŭʱޣҪһѾ̫ã˿ָ̾ϣȣҪ͸ǰһƬһƬŽ𻨣ʪһƬ

󺹡ۿŭ÷һɫʹԼᣬд㷣Ұɡ

ҼסۺɫĻ˭
Ȼϣ˺֬ɫ¶裬޺¶ȵ˵ɣ

Ȼ˫ۣصŶĵĮҵģ


 41 
ŵ˼һ·ƫƧС, оһ·, ֱ, ˸΢Щмţסõ, ЩȺˣһ·ҿЩЩ죬׿Է̻ʵġ

طѾˡǶˣµֻЩõ˼˵翤һ֧ǵɳ, Ҳ쵽ˣϺһΣ¤
ʣ, ƽǵϢڻ, ˭Ӯ˭䣿һôߣ

˼ʵ߳޶ô, ֪أ

ʼ˵̸֪ǸˡԱ˺, ԼҲݡ˵һһ׼, òرǸ߻˵ĺһ

, Ӯˣ, ȻҪ˼˵

ֹ˼֪ҪʲôӲ磬ǽʣôںӮˣôأ

ʵʵ˵ߵ˵շȥԷΪںʹӣҲټġѰˣǼ檣ҲԸȾָôֻҲǺݵġ

ҵŮ÷˵谮ݺ֮󣬾˼˵ֻ»ҡӮⳡս·ɨȨգ¤ԼҾǽѰʲôҲҪγġ

ոȥĻ˵˳޼ñֻ߳ţλ̡ͦõģΪʲôΪʲô

˼ֺüۣһʱ֪λػ˵·գߣĵұϾиյܼĶͷأ뿪ԼһеطԱܵġ

ЦЦ˵壬ô̵ôظ

վ˵ۡ˼Сֹţľԣ

̾˵Ȼ˵ѣǾǻ¤ҲӲǾټǨ㡣

ԡ˼֣صصͷ˵ҾؼҰһȰ𳤣¤Ǳĵؽ磬ٴˡ

ң˼ҡҡͷЦˣľɼ壬Ůý󣬵ĳ룻֧յԣвû˵ĵλ
ܲҵ͹ˣЦɻ飬û죬ҾͱõܣٻؼңŴ󺹵ӣֻҪõļҷӴꡣ

˼ЦΪڷһʱ䣬Щڿηηβ

ηηβ̲סҪֱ硣

˼˵㿴˵£˵ţһʵ𳤣ûſģȻһŮһ֧ʤƽǼʶ࣬δزڼȵ֮㡣
Լ֣ʱл˵ֻ̧һ̧ҵĻҪһȥҲܸˣ޷Ҿͼҷ֡˵أ

죬ΣͻȻ˵˾ţ༰ģ˼ã㻹䲻Ӱ

˼ģüëҪˡǣ룬˵ҲûءһֱԼҪԶģҪһĳ𣬵ʵЮţϦദĿȾδûбͬĵطôأСִϸܵʲô

죬ѾڴƽǵϢ
ϢȷںӣĵǻӦǲˡӦǴ£ٹ٣һƬϲֻЩϢǲ¥İӿѸĳǽһֱɸɾģŶøϸˡ

Ҳ͵̶̰꣬ýεŮɱ㲶ˣ͵˼һ仰˵
֪ȱã˲Ϊ

ҧΪòֵ˸ӣһźʼȴŮҵڣʵ̫ǶˡԵ˼ĳӶֲ֣˼Ҫ뿪֮Կԡȷʵ㿪ĺã

ĵǻϢˣǻؼȻ²˳١Ͼʰó͢⣬žҪʰԼˡ

һ·ۣߵóŮɼֱ£ڽ¤ĳš

¤ٲҲڴžǵ£䴫һЩǿڿഫϢѾ㹻Լµˡ
ͻȻ˵ˣ־ǡϲŭζ˵ϡ

ҵλ׼

žд䣬ô£ԼҴȷʣĿƳ

Ұģⳡ䡣˵ڼǰЩηӣʱĥ£侲ˣô۷˼á
Ƴһ۵˼֪ô˵źá

ɵĿѾͶŮ˼㲻ǱΪô飬йй͵¤ϲ￪˺ô͸ڴڹܺú÷̴󺹣Ůأ

ҺûС˼˵ȻͿ׶¶

μλѩý̧һ̧ĻƲʱϻ棺ԣͷλ̫õŮ˼Сʹ˼ơһγɹͷȻ˼ʹڶΣˣ졣

ڶʥĺҴ˵ȷʵǷ˼
׵û⣬ʱоλֳĿⶼζֻܵŵ˼˵ԼΪʱ˽鹴ˣȻ

˼ȴǸԹŮĵ˼ˣЦұûйֻҲӲһѡ÷Ѳʲô
ָڸ֮ǰ˵οһֱ׵ӡ

һֱֻ޵ĵͻȻŲ˫֣Ŀ˵ҡҲǡ

Ҳ׵ӡ
˼˿áʵʵý֤Ȣط翤ģҲǡ׵ģ
˼ﲻ֪ôЩ˸ӣµͦյġһɳȺʼҲвٶŮԴӵĺ֮Щ˶ͺռƯŮһֻã󹬶겻Ŷ䡣˵רɣʱֲŮ壬̱Ҫ

ԼҴֹסܾܵһ֣ɣⲻܹ˼ġ

׵ֻ֪ٸйŭĿӰˡ˿㬵һ֪̾˵ʲôźá

˼ȴ֪Ϣ;϶ܵ󣬽׳˵ڶǴʧɫϢҲ´ˡ֮ǰұ°ߣ׼ϭģȵɥһg̴᣻ƣ񲻰ػģ׷ǼӲӵѸϵ
ֵɫһƣͬһ㣬ĿɿڴǶ£ڽƵġ

ŮЩ̣пĻҪ˵˵̹Թҥܹɱˣľܹˡ
ǰһķӳԽҵͷɱ¤ʱ̱ƹǿȵԼٷֱ׳شԽλȵ۵Ψһӡ
ιɵã

ˣ̧һ̧֪ô̧һ̧ڶĵľӪУƶԸʹϵĲɱݺԼֵܺ岮ͷСӣóǣҲΨʣͷ̵öҪˡ

곤ĲЩͷʵ˼˼˵´ҪԸ¤ԼңǼôźأ

ߡ˼˵

ߣüؼİٶڣϼҶѾߡǧˣߣ

ֻ·˼˵²˳١һ룬߳޶ƾʲôŹǵԼңڻ飬ֳѹôãƾʲôأ
Ψڣû˵߳ںѶͷĸ󻼣ܷûȫγҲҸ֮¤ԼңԶ٣ֲޣ֮϶ԸġǼǧˣҲ߲ˣ˼ϸ׵ЩҲͲҪˡҪǣ

ô˵⼸ʮ˴µĻҵЩߵؼլһ뿪ͻḲļٹ⣬ǣ˿ٵĹٳϵһˣͻٹˡ

ﲻϵⲽ޷ߣĿ˵һֵۣǼ£üëҵһ˵ǧҲףȸԻȥϴϢ뷨ٽһ顣

˼صԼΥĹ뷿ÿһ
žټǨ᲻ãҲûѡֻϣ⼸λ𳤣ҪһУҲҪĴҡͺһԶԶСӣǵѡ

£ʹأ

᳦ٽᣬűˡŮȥƣſʰ

ĸ׽ţԼŮ
ţһĽٱǣֺͳǰһˡ



˼ջֹһŮʧŮ

ڹһ˵Һ˰˵Ŷ´󺹡ϲ㣿

˼Ԥвȸ˵

Ȼϥǣð˵ϲ㣬˵ӣؼҿԲߣ


 42 
˼ɡЦϲ, ǲߣǾǴŮȥ͸, ԭ, Ķ䣿

Ǻạ̇̄Ц, Ǹɴ಻ˣƾˢˢ䣬˭Ըĸ׽Ҷ޶֮ġһˣνʧһˣνգҺϸöޣϸ̷һͷǣ

׸˵޴棬, ڻ˵˼˵⻰ûģʹǴ㣬Ҳ㡢, ǵԼҲûжԲĵطСԴö, Ǽõ, 㼸ֵܻã꿪ɶ飬ϰ꡶Ů롷ŮܡŮ, ʦҲĴ塣ǧٳ, ٵΣˣ㲻

ǿ
һ, ľʱ򣬶ò, ûɱļˣĸƽȰ˵
ĪһҲһΣɫ໻

˿̣ҡͷиõѡ㲻ѡҪеȸԴʱ׳ȥ

ǧ˵Ǩ㣬׵ټļأδ¶Щ㶼Ǹõѡ񣿵Ȼ㲻Ը⣬ˡȥӰԵЩϡ

˼׷һ˵ҲԸһмֵĵ֮о֮ޡҺãǲõĺãƽĺãǱ˴˾صĺáͺŮ˿ȸһһֻһֻèõʳסõӣ˻һᡣǣǰôֻƣҲΪҶı䡣Ҷܱ֤һصߣתźܲԵԼҵĳԹ
꣬ǧӣӶ֮֮ϡ˹ΪǶҷβͿк飬ҾҷβͿ

׻عͷЩôʵôں£ôˣ

˼˵ڶûôָժĹʧϱô.ɱĶӣôǣÿÿЩģһĻĻͻԺĳֹĶģ¸ƵӲ

Ĳáֻ֪˵ǿбһ档

׻ϥ˵˼˵⻰ԼеأǣƬԭǺҵĽɽ¾ң˸ݣ಻롣ǺʱˣˣѴõĽɽøˣԺƾҰҲţǺúøǹһ죬ѧǣò䣬ȴˡ

˼زö

ҲֻҪйһ£˵ɫãȻֹһˡ㲮常ۣ϶ɻǨֻе룬ϣܱһС

Ȼ϶ɰ˼̲ס˵

ͣ²ӣͷʣΪΣϳڧüΪڳϺͻѾˮݣǭ׵ʼִƾȨҾòǺͷֻҪĳǿҪѪȷġ

˼һƽǹҲ̸ĸ֣һûһϳȷʵڧһȨλʩϣҴǹҰģҲδþѪȷȥֻҪûôȥأ
˵ϱ߱ϾѪĺ֮ؼǨ࣬ƽƽԼСӣá

Դҡҡͷҵ㲮ԭҲǺ壬Ȼʱūദˣ٣ط·ҲҲܿϳķʱЩó׵ٻ¼ͨʵڣȥȽϺá

ǣһ

˭Ҫأ׷ʡ

˼пԣĻΪϧսô
ãô˽ԸˣΪһܵŮɣϧսֻ췽ҹ̷˰ɣ

Ȼ峯ںϵ֮Ŀʼƻ췽ҹ̷ˡ

ĳѪɺӣҲаӿλ߱Ŀֶκ֣˷֣ȳлɾˣѾǰ֮ʱֵˡ

ںӵҷڵȻͥдڲԭϵʯͷС漴ҷΪɶأӮȻΡ
ͶȻƣ޵вӦں޶ĸ̫
ں˼ҵ¹ĸҿ뻻ӣŮһҪˣТĸʱ̫ʣֺ﷢˶һ١

Ŷĥںļˣȴںһλֻʮͣ͵һȺˣȻѻѪһϢСͻԭɶغϣЦ˵޿Ҳƻͣÿ֮ˣ.Ĳģһܰɣǿںϻ㣬Ҵ㵽Ĵȥ˺òã

ϱСޣ߳Ĳú

ĵĿȴѲżڼªںɶŮ˭˭;ֵصͷºκĿӴ±ϣϳ衣

ȻԽľԽӲָָһǽǵḾˣ˵и͵ǽ¥һͼͼ

ǺЦţɫõСϳ˵ţҶᣬȻƵףֻܴӺŲӦ
һЦֲǸã¥ʮˣֵޱˣĸ˫Ƥأ
һ˵ˣϵѡӣֻƣδسª˵óԺúȽ£ðװ־˶أ

ĹЦţжӯӯĿС

ͻȻСĿ޺неԩҲӣֻǵŮɵѾߣ

Ҳ֪ľ仰ýý䣬ͻȻĿתȻҪɱһʣ˼Ѿߣ

÷͸ŵ˵ͷ
ԭΪŭҲб¾ҪСغˣɿ֣ӥһӶ÷һЦŶԨԴ
Ťͷ˵Ѻ⵽ҹ

÷ɼһȺţ͵ʵӵ巹

ſԴԶԶؼĵһŮˣɴſǻ˵󺹣Ұ械ɣĺӰɣϵ۵Ĵ޹ء

߽û˵һ䣺𵲵

÷һѶ̺ϡ
÷ѾǸεѣ֪ҪĥҲ˵ʲôΨִŭ˴󺹡

ҪԼıӣȻǣϲͣűӣ÷Ůɵ˼δ֮ʱйĸˣ

÷￴űֱĭȻѾߣԼʫ񴫼ңһ㲻Űˡɲ볢µĶζ

䲻ĺݺһ޳ڵϣ̺϶ʱѿһӣϸϸë޷һͬϸϸĳ
˵ţűں¶ˣ

÷һӾſˣ󺹣Ů겻жͬϯ붼Ѿ飬겻뷿ʲô˰

ıǺɵԸ񣬵Ȼ仰
յ÷ߣŪƤޱ˵Ī£˵ʵˡҲ㡢ɱ㣬޸˼ң

÷ȴһֱӣҡҡͷ˵ûô˵

ıɫͷ˵ˣСϳȥͽ¥

ʱƻ˽÷ܡ
÷ܿùˣڵأĥʹ޽ţŮˣҲֻʣˣȻΣĹͷΪʲôҪðΣգҰѴҪݺϢ̫

ĺͣ

˾Ͻ÷󵽶ǰ
ؿǺܾöû˵

÷עü飬սս֪˵˻˵ˡ

İʣΪʲôҪ͵͵ߣ

÷ֱӵʣô֪ˣ


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һ, ǿʼ̣Ҳ֪Ϊʲôҵ
һܿ, ߵĿ, ҹҹֻԼɷ˼˼, ں̸вɣĸ᧿Σ״˫ؽꡣ

÷ĵ̫ײˣŮ˿˶°ɣ
⻰˵ֻ˵Ů˰ɣôãȻ˼ĸ

üͷбؿ÷, ֪òĻһ治ɫأ
һԲʵ·Щɳ, Ƕ÷˵, ޽ȷŹһ, ƭޣ޹ܽ촷ۣ

÷ﵹһ, 룺ŮɰŮ, ǧ˻û֪ҿɲ촷ۡװͰ͵˸ó

ĵڶ˴ǰ¤ݻᣬǧ, Լ𳤣һҪ˼, ۿһȷǻȥĸˣͺԺǵԼҹŰִ֣ͽеصĸЭ֮ҪŪ

ѩ磬һ·Ͼˡ
һĸ׵Ϣһ˼Ϣͷεÿ࣬Ƕβš

һķѩ㱨´󺹡

ϵںȻͥٲȻϱȻʼŭ󺹡ȻϢλ͵ۿģµġ

ߣһҡǲϷҰ

С

ʲô

ŵµ˵˵.ϵ۵Ů˵һΣͶ̫һ

ɫ࣬һͻȻ鰸Ϻݺһȭ鰸ҡҡȻѿһ졣ʵ۵ȭͷҲ˲һƬ

żҪ£ߵ׵ûˡ

ӲǰŭڴһλʹܴϢŽе

һһսľ˵󡭡󺹣¤ԼѾѾѾԼѾֳôˣԽΣû˵

ĵɫ۾ﵹӫƵģֱֱض˹ȥܲ㣿Ѿô

ȿͷҿԼӣ󺹡¤ԼʰϸѾȥ¥ա¤˵ǵԼ˼飬ؼҰȥأҲдӣֻҪЩӲܵ͵

û˵ֻ꣬ġꡱһȫƵһ£Ȼ󿴼ǵù鰸ľӡžϵٽţһεεѪ׹ڳשĵϡˣأȻʹ

ôģðΣڿڣھŨصɱ

ûģҪֿ˸ͷǶҲۣ˵øƵģϢŭ˷֧飬һ֧¤ܱ߲ңһ֧ϳһ֧ȥǧ˵Ǩ㣬ܶһܴ

ʵɱʹ˵ȥ͡ΪϢŭΪǣǾְأôѩôϻϢݣ֮

ɱʱģĴ˿ֻɱˣֻѪԼѪָؽڣʹֻ⻹

չʮɱͷڶ磬ʵֳ԰£ѷѩлζѵ޶Ӽҳɱˣװ˶ţ

صƽǹһЩɳ̿ʼ޶ָ˳ɳϱɽɽꡢӺӴͣػţʱΡΡȺɽʱʱڸƺӺݡָָ㡣һѾ˺üֶܱһ飬۾У©ɱ

ӵҾ׷ĵ˼˵㺦ѹҾѪϴҵ¤Լң

ͻȻͷ޵ôԵҰ⣬͸󺹳ʡǲͨңʲô˼

һܳţü޳ضһģ
޼ˣЦ󺹣

ŵζûʳ޿Ŀ⣬ͷ˵ԲЩθڲá

ʧصͷŶһŸոټᣬЩ

ͻȻʣǲǺܺң

¶һЩίҪˣű˵檲ҡ

⻰˵ĺùЦҲ

ƽض޿νǡһЦƺ塱һЦͽʧ񣬳ճ˵ûк㡣ֻǣϣҰ梺һЩϵҪ㣬ûͬ޽ĻҲԼԸġ

ĵͷ˵á

桭ģȻˡ

ͷҲںޣںȻȴҷ˷˿ɶءȻƨҲĵ̫޳ˡôĥں檶ŮֻȻͥȾơ
ҡҡͷɡҲˡȥȰοȰοİ梣˵ԺȥԷúùӡлɡ

ûգںĻʺϴԷӣźʿһ·˳ǹ򱱶ȥ

ζؿۣԸԷͳǹݺݴһ٣׷ȥ

ӣźľЭȻףҪ׷ϣҪȻս˽ǿ֮ͻȻȫת䣬ֳŸȥ

ǷܱԶԶźȵɽϿȣڽؽָԶȵ۱㣬ں֮߱߱ӣ¤ԼҲټҵֻӣ̻ɥ֮Ȯ̬֮֡ΪȽԼҡ޵ñԼڱľȪ޾Ѫϴ
ʮһ䣺
ؽķбָԶɽգȻ

ʱݹ갶ϳĴ󽫾ϽУҴȪٹŹأ˶ػͣǵʱĹˡ֡۷ƺ͸߲ȵء
С񣬾ǿʤڵվΨһ̵ͨ·ǳḻ˰Ϳ׬˻ҺͰٹٵݳӣҲսȡ

ȻĹңĴʿǵȻĦȭơϾ֮󣬶ٽϸԷٹϱ˯һǿˡ

ȴ˵Լǧ˵İ㣬ǲףߵȪҪַ֣ԼڶշѩʵΪ̣ؽ¸ȪշڵھȪš
ûů˵߳޶ĵıӣңҴȡǳأһ·ֱȪȥ

ΪһһǵԶٶȼֱˡȪտͷǽһѽѽѾƵľһȺˣ

òӲͷƤ˳ֽǰѯ֪Լʲôڷ

оЦƥȪûʲôǶһ

ʣһˣ

˵¤ϲôؼ˿ڶͳҾľȪһΡ򡭡

Ȫ֮ŭŵԼôҵ׷ӭź¸ôҲ侮ʯԼشǼᣬƾΧˣߡ

ԼҵȻˣڿ׸ȪͶǧӡ

˼Ҳ֪ɴʣʲô׷ˣ
类һͰˮԴͽȥˡ


 44 
˼ĸҲںࡣ
˼, , ֹţʱ˵϶, һУǲ˵ʲôɽ, ԽʵأҲǵݻӺݣͶϳ󽫾ģñ䣬δ׷

º˭
ɫ࣬ԴϥŮĿ¶ӵɫ

ƳǸŮģ, ЦҲĥˣľܣô˼Ȣ˼ɾӡĪڽ˼ƸھȪӶľ, žȪĳǼ, ܱǡϾ, һ·ƹǳز, ǵͲա

ֱؿһ۵˼, ˵֣Ҫα, λ˼, ǲܷŹȪŹԼҡ

֮Աǣ쿪ˣƭȢ֮ԲϣΪ˼

һ·նģԾȪڱصõģ㵹ΪŶľȫ֮ƣ

ȫ֮ƣˣ˭˲ģ

˼ûʹҵ˼

ԽЩΣԽɫԼĴʱˣټ⣬ҲҪԡ˵ǵԼҼٺˣū澲ǧټľȪʮ˿ڵֲǡֲǽ

ǸŶģ°
οƭģԸͼƽϣ˭֪ô

˼ҧҧ˵Щ

ɫչȻ֮Ŀ

˵ܣ˼֮ϾǶˡ׻˵ɸĸĿǳǳҲҪ¸һźöۡ

ֵ˳ΪأܵܿԽԣĻǸ硣ԼҴҲͷİ壺ҰģֻŮҲǰףȥһŮɡúõľԮҴͶػͿ븹أ㣬ûд־սֻҪ꣬ǣһǣԮǣ

ԼŮò绨ׯ磻ԼҴ壬ʫҴǰ֮ģȪʲôԸ׵ģƣȱزã

ٳ£ȻûûξͿʼﱸ񡣵ðЩ׼Ŷ˱֮Ͱѽ׵һ¶ˡ
ϲĶľһʹڳפµĶĻ̸

󺹣Զزֶ顣Ȫ񤱡ܹ̫ࡣʹǶľҵĴֶЩҲܻ˵ֻץסҪ죬˰˰̳Ϻõķݾƣ˰ֻͷţԼ߲ˣΪ;

ĴƳۿͷ˶ţﲻ΢΢Цľ⣬ˡ¤ԼҪʻģǲҪҶ

ʹЦǣǡͷĹԼҿɳһ룬ԭҲ֮Ե󺹷糾ֻͣ޲󺹵ȥص˵ˡлҪʣȥͨݼ󺹿ɺã

ɣӶȪѵԼؼҶͳ˵Լ˰ݼ
⣺̬ôãͲŪýŵҲãϾδ˼ң۵ĽΡ˵ҲãҪʵҪ£ԼҶúǰ
δҪõԼأĿķֻһ˼һŪȥԭίŪˣٱȫַ߱߱ں˳ˣܹõܱ߸֧֡ڰԼȻЩۣҲ˿аˡ

ǣһѻʹЦݣ˵һǸˬˣԼЩǣ󺹻ػŸոս꣬Ȼؾġ

еһʹĴңǼдϲļΡƤЦⲻЦʣŶҺ͵Լҽ˰Ҳնľģ֪׵˭

ʹ벻ǰλòôֳɾ͵Ĵ󺹣ȻŲðڳ˵˼˵ŶǶľҵĵӶľҪӭȢԼɵĴŮɡ

е˼ģĵڰͷȭͷоǵɼҵĳŮ

ʹ߾ɫҲʲôС˵ǲ֪˵ԭԼ֮ͨã֪ĴűȳءɼҵĳŮݡ¡òŻԶһȪͶݺʵĹټӵܡӵĽ󡣵ԼҴŶˡλСõи

ЦˣôϲԼҲֻǱ޵İˡ

ʹ߸˵ʲô
ҲԩΪ˱¶ͷСŮƣ
ҲֻĪЦӦͶ䡣

˭֪ת۾ͷˣȻҪף͸û˫ļҲϲ˫ǵüӸһ˫ɶԵ֡
۷һɨ֪ƢԵļĬΧĵѾʡ

ʹ¶˿ҲΣգ´󺹣նʹ

Ц˭ն㣡ȥأ
ŬŬ죺ֻҪһֻһţͷβһͷźܾأ

䣬ʹһꡱһгʣһʹߵͷĲӣδӦʱѾ䣬һֻ

ʹǺˡ

ĿֻѪܵĶ䣬Ц˵ͣҪµ㶫һҲ㣬ȥͶľ˵ȪǴˡǣͳЩ䡷ʲôԼѿҲԾ
ֻ޵õе䣡ַҪǵĵطˣûôƯˣ

ʹǰŻȥǵݡ˵˳£ʯڴһǽҲһ󹭼˫뽺״̬
ӱ˵¹ǡǱѡķķʱһսۡȪдѾ˴־ս׼ȪϱǸɽ룬γĵƣֻҪҴԮĵĶžͱ׽˺ա

ߣľ̫Ůǽ߿˿ͷƣָοȱһֻԶֶӣǿҲǸµ˰ˣľҵԮˣйλĴ󺹵ԴĶ䣡

ȻϷԶԶȼ˷𡪡ҴԮźš
ȪǶһſлʵ۵ЦΪҴ˾Ȫ

ԶԶȥѹѹıӹȻˣƥ˻ԶԼʵҪ˳˵ЩݡʯڵضҪˣ˶˳һأӴܵʿקģͻǱȫ˵ģԶԶԿʵ۵Ҳ˲࣬ƥİųм䡣

ɵӣҳЦʢվͲıʵۣȻ򿪳ţصսƷϻ

˴ϢصʱͻȻɫһıʿȺɽ˳żصĴֲ˶ʹƵģÿڳſڣصҪƽȥƳȥҲҲùزˣֻܷŻЩľͷһ

ʱӯӯ
ػû꣬ѾˡƥѵأҲֱܴӳǣɱؾƬײʬҰ
ͷһڳǣǼʱˣʧأͷĿɿڴʿ䡣

ԶԮķҲٺسˣǶԵݷŵһѻĿĴﵽˣϨ еԮѹ˵һݡ

ҪԼˣڳ֮פԼĺɫƥڳǵ˺ȱһպҾͽжľңԼҽ׵ˣֻҪ˲ƻģ͸һŪ


 45 
ؼҪʱ, ˻ǱԼΪء

Ȫ, Ÿ봫Ҵ͹Ϣ, Ԯûеġлշ, ŴŭľأΪ˰ӵԼҶˮڻǨԥҪһǵ˶ˮѾֹһΣΪһԼҲǧ˾ͻʮˡ㲻ػ

ͷ꣬ڳܦͷ
ֻΪ׵߳޶Ͳ, ɫҲڿļ米, ɭɭ֮ɳ˪, ׺ŵѪɫݺ, ɫƮĶǻҰɫؼΨʣɫ

̾һ, ȻԸ׼, ȷʵֻҪԼ֮ˣ˺, ˶ţȥԸ͵Լһ͵ﶼҪˡڸϽý˸, ܰҵСͽȥ

˵˵ԼھȪٵĴլȼ

Դʣ˵Ѿʧˣ֪Ԯʲôʱܵ

ѣѣѣҡͷףѩ̿ѵá

ԴʧΣҾǮ;áڳǽߣԴҲ㣬л׳ظһܲ⡣͢һģӦòӲҪʲôԼҶˡ

ľӰΣ˵л㡣ţڷǳʱڣǸаһͬİ֣

ǣǡ

֧˵˱֮ǰһزгˣ˰ɣ

ʱûʲô˵ģ˸˻˼Դв֪кնģʱɴ۾֪ˣҲû壬ǿЦЦ˵õģͷԸȥȡ͵ʱ

Ͳˡ

ԴɴҴҹָǣصҶܵܶ˵Ҫ⣬Ҫ⣡ľƲǵĹϵֻйˡټҿڣȫӳȥ̫ѣǿôźãȥҲǺõİ˵˼·

취û뵽ͷűõ졣

ô£

ͷС˵ľûǾԼˣͷΧ˿ıǡһҿ޺һ·ޡСҲ֪ʲô˼

С˲λ
ǵڸϣҡ

˵ȪȻӦͶˣĸҲűʵ۵
ԼҵˣŮ٣ūţȫϵһһģѺڳűߣصȴԼˡ
׵˼ңٲܵó˭ǸԼеļ¡ҵģҲ˸ڷ顣

˳ʿȫжסѺԼҵ˵ǽߣȻ˫ֱͷ˵һߡǶžһطԸţԼŮףһѲӣдκζ

ּ
ʿ³ͻһ˹ȥŮѲ飬˳ԳЩմЩˣȻˡ³ֲ㣬ʱʱҪطһһ¶.ЦݡϲŮӣǼ.һ㣬һСġͳС˺ȹӣ¶Ůһ㲻Ϊļ

ֻóǽһƬ޺߳
ԶԶؿţͻȻüͷǰһӳһʿĸ첲ϣʱʹʿֻŭӣ־̵࿣󡭡󺹣

Ŀ˿ʿɿĵ˼òƺɣͷһ룬ɢһ룬ڵöһ²ȹҲɽŮֻɫ԰ף촽Ҳɫǳۣںڵ۽ؾϲø˴
Ծƥʿ˵צӣڳʲôˣ
Ȼİõͷbшڣ顣

˼˰벽һס򢣬ȶš
˵ǧִڱ⣬˵ǣƫƫ˭ûпڡ

İֵĵ.ϹŵƤ޲ס֫Ȼɿ°͵֣Ȱεζڵϣʹеͷٲһкͷûʲôһ۵ϵΡβһŰߵԶԶġǽģҲժӵˣ죬һѪ˼üһ壬ҧ촽ϣûзġѪĶһָۣϵѪԼbшϡ

ȻǼ塣ȻԴӼͷÿһ綼ûзŹءεҪʱʹʹ
ĿҶʼҧأһ֨

ûмдҲûΣյĶ
ʼñĿʼոƵģһϣӸµؿرأĶûС

˵˼ݶˡ

ڵǣ֡

һĸ¥п
ָ˸ְԲɷ¶ϰʱ׼

İѵ˼Լ˵λãǰקú޷մ˿޶ϣֱλεĸС
Ҳ̫˼غԼ촦ϣҲҪһˣϣһɢԶҪΪˣΪĥѣ

㿴š߳޶ĸ첲״ߣƭңҪĴۡ

̴٣ûŵվֱӣ˵ſңԼ߹ȥ

ߣһԸԱߵˣЩԼ»׵ˣɱ

ȢŮˣ๼

ЩùֻõԼŮڹ뷿£ǺҩûطԡмȽѾ̱ˣʺ
İЩ˵һһȥߺ޵ؾһԼ˺Զ֪еɽŮ飿

һӣֱҲһӣ䣬߸Դأ罦ѪЩ˵˼ɫϣɫɷףͷֻ㵽ĵĸ첲档
Ȼһš°ͶŵݺѪ͹ͷҿ

˼޷޵бؿһۣ촦ʬֱֱضţûŲ

ȻһɱˣʬߣٰӣԴľĸߴ˵Υҵľңﲻ⣡ѵϳ

һıϳ˽Ѫʱ̳Ѿ˫̱˵󺹣󺹣һΰɣһΰɣ

˵ġȻң

˵ûбѣֻǡֻؼңûؼҡ

ǺǡһЦƺҪɱˡ

˼ǸǿӣǴʱֻίԼˡ
ģұģҵĴ㲻Ҫɱ㣡

ĵƮһ˿Եõ΢ЦЦ󼹱쬵ط⻹һŰɱ˺Ϳư˵Ŀ⡣

˼ëȻ˼ˣҪɱйصˣѪ־
ǣ׷ôҲΨʣһΪļˡ

һıҪݣ

޿ˣ侲
˼ֱŶģʣģѹ

бѹġ

˼ͷ㱨ңɱҵļˣΪĽ
һһ
⡰ǺǡЦǶԲ㣬Ϊ飬ΪµľǽĳдѹΪҺ㣬û취

ʼ˵ڵĻӦǡû취㡱
۾һȫȻ̳Ǹɪɪ˺ͳǽһȺɪɪˡ

ֱ˼桭˼૵˵Ŀᰴһ£Ŀ뿪˶ģѵѪǴǽˡ
ſҡҪȥ˵һǸҺһ

㲻˵Ǹšĸ첲ʡ

˼ЦˣҲǷ㣬ġ˵ҪҵģһûдӦ㡣
濴Ц͵ֻܱ˴ÿһ΢оһ㣬ĲбԶұǸûںҵġ

˵úأĵĺݺһʹըֱˮͷһѹ䡣
̼ǵñԷǸҹĵ˵ˣģҪ϶壬͵͵뿪Ϊ֮ŭ쳣ѪϴԼҵĺԸǲɱһԼˣžҲòˡ 

ĸ߹ɱˣ̣Խ󻼣ȻҲ˵ʱĸЦ˵ģˣࣺնݳŵÿһǴ̿ͣնݳˣȴŰ֮㿴ڳƽɱʮԾԼҲ³ֻ

ǨԥšŹĲʣţĲ̡ģӲӲ
ͣҲԩԼѾˣȴ֪ﻹò
˿Ŀһľһ䣬Ů鳤δԵӢ̡

˲־ˣ˼Ťǯƣȥ

кϱֵľееС
вԼô

ɲܵطӦеĳֹ
ζ漴ı졣˼޻˫ȣǱ޴Ϯõڵأ˲ʹǵصӿӣ뻽Ǽ̾Ͳ۳亹

Ķ˱ӣ˹ȹͻأĿһѪ죬סˣʱҲûɱɱ˸뷨һѰѹ೾Ѫ˴ᱧڻһͷ󺹣۾͸ģһûˣӿǺ£ֻʣ˰ɣһ£

۵˫ڡ
ǵ˼ﻹúܣ˿תһҪץסᡣץסĶ񣬲һ䡰ģۡ


 46 
ĺĪ, ˲óǽһﴮĵԼ, ֻһ䣺˶ȿܺˡŵ˼Ӫطɳۡ

ԼӪ, ѵ˼ڵϵƤëϡ
ͷС:󺹣ԼҵôãΧڳǵ, 

Щͷش𣬵еҪ侲ػͷ˵Χǵ˳ɻоȪ֪˵Χţӱ͵ϮҡԼҵˮ󷹣Ҫ衣衣
ϵĵ˼һۣ̲סزһ䣺ɱ¾, ҵ

˼ţһ
ϵı˻һһʹˤʱ, ϥǺҲĥ, ˿̻ûʱ԰, ΪĴͷˣһ, ˹

ֳë, ŲŲ
ˮн벽, ȴŭݺĶȥ
³ץס˫ס, Ȼȹ

˼ͽ͵ص˫ȣߵ£Ǹ۵ȫں
ȹӱ˺볶ëӶ۵ģҲʧȥ˷;ġ

ϵӵĺҲɿˣһѽ˫ֱһֻšڱţǰһ䣬Ѷɾˡ

̬裬ƣֻбˡ

ٸҶҾ㣡ߺ߳вȻɿ˰ס֡

ţϡOO@@ॵॡ֪ʲôͻȻñӷ᣺һ˸Ļʱ䣬һ˹Ťתֻܸ˵һ֪ᱻ׵δȥŭԼΨֻϣѾժҺһԼҪٻϺӣҪӣʹһӡ

оָӽ󣬵Сȣٵ䣬ڴͣıǰֲڣЩ겻ͣڶ֣ǱؽӲĴµĺۼ
ֲڵĺůҲᣬصȥִȥ
ǻڸŪ𣿲˰ɣǿ.ʱپҵۣҲҧҧͦȥģһͦȥˡ

ͻȻ˿ڴһʹɾͽг߬µ쵥

һ¡˵ֹѪҩЩ̼Ƥһͺˡ
ԭǴӹɳµȡҩƿ

촽ݼȳ˵ҧӡҧͷҧӣĸԣҪԼȥ
˵һȣܻ˿ΧƳˣҪۺüˡֲڵСĵϴתࡣ

˼ζӳ£಻ҿͷᡪᵹΪʹ
һҩãʹˡ˼֪Ϊе룬Ŭ۾˯⡣

ʼߣüĿأɱ۵״ǣ̲һ˿˿ᣬ˿ڿǻΪʲôҪߣ

˼ϲͷ˵ҲãȻʣ˻ǣ㣿
ϣͷʱΪ뵽ɡ˽˽ںȻñۣǻ⡣ڣȨˣԸȫԴ˰ٵȥȦҲܲ˾ˡ

ǵ˼ϻҡҡͷ

һŭסͷʣȻб˵˭
ͷʹ࣬Ĳɾܵظ˳ͷ˵ΪҾʲ
»򲻳ʵ飿

˼Լͷбһ˵Ǻ޸İɣҲô˵Ҳҷĵߡ
ֻ⸱ӣ˽Ե̡飬ǽһһ⣬ˣŲһ

ıԸˣ˻ʵ֮˸ֱӵ㡣Ůĵ˼ͣ˼޴档
ô㵱ˣ̲סҪΪԼ硣Ա˻˽飬ǶĶΪһЦݣҡβ͡

پͷֹȥһ룬ѾסԼ˿ۣ·˵˵İɣ˽Եӵģ

ĵֻת䣬һߣĶֱѪˣ

۾غһ

ȷʵôҲ벻׵˼ĶдӺζʱı飬ĮӳȤİ壬ͷǸһǻһǱһ޲òһȳԵ˵һ־ԼܰԩӦý֪ĵġ

ģѾΪƫ˵ôȵô
һʱߣͷƳһۺϵ壬аһ֣ڵƲסʱ̣ĵˣĳͷκ£ͽϺ˵

һʹڰϣšһݺ˵ԹԷһһ·һΣҾɱһסһأ

ʱ̣
쬵ģı飬ֻϼеġॡOO@@ĶȻʨbшʱĦġɳɳ
ͻȻһƬȣ˼£ʼӲסˡ

޳ľǿһ
ȻͰͻͷҸֺòã

ᣬľеݺӲϣµɪֲɷǿȺıˣҲһ飬һײԼĻͦ۵ġ

ԥ䣬ſǻ˵ǲӦİգ֪ңŷĥҡ.ҡû˵

̸Ϻޡֻеԩͦġ˵Ȼ˲һɣ˫ͷɡ

˼գգ۾ЩšѾۣ߳ܵȫ̻¶ţһ߿иɻ壬Ƥϸ͸Ź󣬰׵ɹ̫ƯǳɫȲͻأˣҲݵ

жĵʵԼǶ֣˵ˣǲ˴ԼҲӲ
Լ˵ĻֻԼ֣ع࣬й˻

﷢ͳ̾۾ЩɫŪ˵֒ţڿǴ˸ϴ֡
˵𶯣
Զˮ

.ֳаͨģһйˣһҲûˡѹ־ˣϲѪȺͱػ֮ȥľ

£˳ְһϣ.Ļţһֻᰮϧظɢ米㷢һַֺֻԼǰ

ܸоҵ𣿡һʡ

Ȼܣ񡱵ļ
˼ȴ֪ôشȻ̧ϵɫ̧ӡһǡ

˼룺֮䲻Ŀ־ޣű˴˵ĲͻĥǸþ¡

ϱѾˣⱲѭ

˯ɣ˯ɡ˵

˿̸ԼҵĴãҲ̸
ȲѪʱҲǻǰµʱ

˼Ψб۾˯ţ;ظ񡱵ӲؼůĹЮ˳ĺζ
ϻһһʹҲһһĳʹ˼ţǰǱٳ¡ɱǰԸ˽ǰǼ˿ƣصǰһɱĳӣ.ˡ

˿̣ΩԸʲôǣŲ˼ͳ޵ĳͻĥ


 47 
, ŽӪ, ˼Щ˲ŷ, ԭԼһ϶Ŷĵĸ첲˯, ˿ûв䵽һ㶼ûӰ˯ˣһ˫۾ҲûЦݣһֱ

һµϵ˿ڣ˿صһ

˵ôôСأһ϶ȣ˿ϡ

㡭һ϶û˯ðɣ

ĵ˵ͷ, ¶һЦݣ˵ɲ첲Ѿû֪ˡ, Ҳ, ˦˦һ˵û֪ĸ첲
˼ѵشȹ, ѵ˿˼, ֵ˵., ôʱû첲ǱѹģͲһࣿ

˼һ, ˵һһر𲻷㣬Ͳô

ͷ, ڿĻûе׵ͷ˵ðɡ㡣
ȻվǷ£ѱŵҸ첲ǰ棺ͲһһˡŬŬʾ첲

δ˺޳֮ˡ

˼˻ϣ˿̲ŭֻƲƲ죬ָࡣҲ֪黹Ǽٵģ̧ͷҲܸоĿϡµɨš
֪Ҫ⣬ǻԥҪҪ˿ѾһѽӶͷʼܵǣǵ۾ӡաͲӡ

ĺܿǵԽԽʹĴʹ
Ҳʼʵϻ£˺Ƶȹ̽ȥǿĺС£ֲڵЩȻе˼ëȻ

ʼƾ𡭡𡭡ϲǸ㡭

Ųء˵

ӵġֺ̽ȥ׽Ϊ˫֡

ʲôӣˣԼǱִŵˣʹƨһѣǳҹԹԵģȻܵġ

۵üֱýģŲƲܵضʹֵÿ
ȴһӰˡ˼оȵС¯Ƶģֵ̿üޣ˵Ҳϲ

ϲġϲϵ¡˼üƤˣ˵Ҳϲϲ

侲һ㣬ɿ̣ϲʲôأ
־˵˵ʲôϲ

ܺеѣ˼ֻƬʱ˼ٻֻ࣬˵ˣˣȻȤģ

գ۾һնһ˵˼ǣϲģ

˼ǳ鴤һ£Ƭ˵ҲǰɡϲģֻԼ⣬ʹܡ

Ĳͣգۣ˼ĻһͷĶ˵ðɣҲûʱˮĥ򡣽ԣܲܽ⣿ͻȻƤһЦգϲʲôģֻĸң׾ͽ̣ѧ˵ʲôˣˡ
˵꣬һڣһ£ͷҵ˰Խļ˵СʲôҪͺͷҵÿվͻ㡣

ǲвʱһ١

§˾ޣȻûʵԽչ֪ܲˣ쳣죬ӪŲ鿴ʿԭһףͻȻչüһ㲻ᣬǵЦҲ⣬仹һȻʱסˣǼֱˡ

ȪǣطפһŽ¡оµĽͲ顢ξ˵ԼҪŪȵȥԭҪںصҴϡ

»кܶ࣬ĸںϣܹҪȣҲܵ취ɱԾ󻼣ȻǿĵľУܲ㡭
Щ£ڰָָϷ·𻹲󻬡ϸ塢еԵʸУõһ£Ƶ⣻ʱӣһ˲Ͱ.ˣԲǸУȺЩ⣬޲ðٴαڻ̽СиŪ

־Գĳǻʽˣ
ԼЦڶ糯糯»£̡𡢹ԵءδѡʵˣЩĥһ١Ҳĥ£һȪףĺ񷴶еѣǾս棬ԽԽҪһԡ

ǰļƻʵ˼Ĵ󲮸
ֻһҹĥʮĵԴѾ㲣׷˲١

ĵظϹŵĸɫƤޡˢбۼԴɺ罬ֽɾúЦҵҴ壬Ӧ̩ɽǰɫģж飬ŵɸƵģ

һԵ˼ĸ׺ӲΡΡģʣ󺹡˼

ĳҪ̸ǹ£Ҫǣģ

ɫ󣬹ҡ
ɸײֳӡ

ԴҲ⣬ƽöˣߵ׵ܲ壿ο𲻲⣬಻֪ؼҴԴĻ̻̣´ŭ˴󺹡

֪Цͷ֪ôдˡ޵¤¡㲻˵õĵԼңʲô֪ɣ

Դٴߵף󺹣Ȼл˵ֻǣ϶࣬ɷ˽Щ˵

Ĵͷһۣ˵á
תͷԸоͷȱţǸҺ޴۶ʱ͸̣

ԴӣľһһѵظŴǵĶġ

żͷΣѰʲôüߵѾˣģʱ̣ôʲô

Դ˵ֶŮ
ط֣Ȼһ˼ĵü۾ɳЩʱأҲ˲ƽֻ֮ѰƣûܹĿյ֣Ҫ

Ĳͷ˵ûʲô

Դɷ·ҪƵĲģմ飬ʱͼѪˡô󣬻ûбôôεεŮﶼ

£

ĽˢذγĽŵԴɵĲӣĺ仰ȥ

£Ī鼱֮¾ٱ򣬴˵˼ﵱʱ۵ûƵģϹ㣬öסˣŪڣɵ϶һһ˵һһģ

һ˼ҲҪ㻰ˣֱ죡ݺݵ

Դɺͷһû˵

˽תǰߵøһǿ۽ϸߣ·ķ

оӪߵˣֻѴĵԴɴȥȻԼϯϥһؽƤޡذסļңһڰϣǷгǰġ

˵գĿӵԴɣҸôãɽ·ֲͣûпƽˤ°ǲܵ¡ǹĶǲǶֽţ

˿˾ǸԴֻԼܰ±ӣҧҧ˵ԩĶиҲĵģ¤ʱǷҲԿ˵ҪΣĹˡȵйԺ󣬻˭˵֣Ͳ֪ˡ

ڰһģģûϸ

ҡ

ͽҴ󰢸ɣ˽֪װ⣡ͽǰݺһӣʹԴɵ۾ģ˼ҲͽҪҲͽҪȻ޲ƨϻλǵ׹ݣ

ͦ˵ģǵԴڹͬʱҲţڷ磬ҪҪںƣƽǹ̫죬¤Ϣֻ̫Լ֪ںȥȻͥʱԷĵĿֳĿǰҪҺʵ
ն׵󺹣󺹣ԼҼŮϵۣĸǻ׹ݣҴƽǣҸ׶ѣð֮˵ô

⻰޲Ҫ۾ﺮҲ׷һΪҰүﱨ𣡡

ԴȻ֣С۾ﲻк⣬ӯӯˮ⡣
ѹüͣŭ·ǻתҰүûˣں쵨սľ˭浽¶ҷǽȫֳɣ

Ȼѻý


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оŴ, ̧Ż, ̿ż, Ϳŵ֬֨֨졣
ذѵԼҴɵ°ȥ¶һɳڵƤ, ȻһԾŻʵ۵ķԸ

ĸ뿪ڽ̣ͻȻŽĻһǸ˼עĿæߵһΪѣ£󺹡

һ˵ȥ˵
νŵͷ

ȻãԼ֮Ļ¹٣Ȼר̷˼, һжҪرġ
ʣôˣ

һֱޣū˵Ҳ岻ס

üǴʲôϢô

ûСǻ¹ҡҡͷūȰʱ, ˵밢ĸˡ

ĿЦ, , ȥ˵ˣ޵ʲôã
аѵ˼ĸ׵͵ȥ, ͻȻ뵽Լ˼Ĵ, ѺĵԼǶ֪ģɷ˳

, оͷλ˿̿衢²ĵѵ״̬ԶŻһ, 롢˼壬ͺˡ˵ðɣ˿ˡ޻ȥơ

Ȼյſڣͷѹֵҿȥ˼Ƶȹӣһͷûзֻòɵ˳ڼͷڶƵĴ¡

ôˣǰʡ

ӯӯ˫תһ仰˵滨ģͽˡ

ĿԱߵʳϰ͹ţ⡢ţġβѸɺ׷߲ˡ˵֪Բߣﵽڳ⣬ܶʳţմԶ͹ġ콫ͽͣȻƽˣٳЩõġ

Ӵææʱ򲻾ãǰʳǰͻȻöˡСƬЩ⣬Լһڣιζͦġ˰ҲʳĲͷ¶޶ӣҲ¡

˼һƲԡ

ЩջȻϰԵسھвҪԣҽͿ۵Լ˵ķʳһ٣Ǽ˾Ͷһ٣

˼ԲƯ۾۽ëʪʪĴſǻ˵ҵĸĸԴϵ󷹣ôĳԲˣ뿪ѵҲϸñТŮۣ

֪˼ҪЮʱǣΪΪҸסˣоȦס

ȻĿֱֱ۾һ˵߸ˣ

ʲôСߡֹ˵

û£õĿڹʲô

пڲԣ˭ָ㿽£

˼޵üҪҧһڣڿҵļˣ

ĸоǰԼֱ½üյ˵ûʼأ

ܹп˼ˣ
˼ȴ֪ʱҧˣҪ飬ɶļܲˣǴɱɱɡϱӣĿѾԹˡһҪ˳ëߣ

һĲˣǺθڣȫ붯ӵӣֻε˵һֱӵģϲұƵ޿ˡҲʲôܡ

ԩľ仰ץס˰ѱŵذʶÿһ¶ȥҲ벻ԼƵ˼
ŵ˰죬ŸС˵Һûȹɣ

ⱲӺûСϱӺܶѽ
˼ͷ˵˵ûоûаɣҲûбӹӿԴʡԩǻõģֻܲԩġ
ֵһλ˵̧꣬۰Թһۡ

ĺ˵ﲻɳӣԲҵˣҶŹҲԸԩˡҪԼˣȷʵΪƭǰҲҪ̽Ҹһ㡣

ȵۼݱԼҵϴŲɾĳһǶ˵ҲǼľ֮Ӧóеĺ
˼ͷһ˵ҵĴеǵ£Ҳ֪һ䣺ľ֮£ιɵãҪ࣬Ǹѵͷǲһġ

˵һĿ࿴ĸо˿̵ͷ˵뿪ңпԣҲǲ⡣ҲҪе𡭡
Ҳ᲻á
˵ڣԹôӣҲô㡣Էɡ
һΰһߡ

˼ȻûſڡҲûſڡڶüͷ֮ʣ˵󺹣Ҳ׶ԼԣϲʲôҿɲԼѡ

ڨڨط¿ӣ͵Լ

˼΢΢һЦ˵ӶҪԷ˵ıܣǿ⣻Լв˭Ҳ֪вɶ񡭡۾һɫȻŶģ֮ȷ֪вɶ㻹вʲô

ľԶԣֻܿ˵㸸ĸףҲܹĹҵķߡ˼Ҷˣδ֮ǰܿŰ;е͵ٵķ˻ǿԵġ

˼οӼһСӨͷӣƿһҪԣƳۿֱֱؿˣģҳԷҲҪô

ЦԹʳŲñǿйͷ

ǰĹˡ
˼һۣһڡ

ͻȻĵĻϲͷذ˼ڷ̧ͷȻССڳԷϲѰһ⣬˿ģеҲ

˼΢΢һ
ȻЦ͵͵Цң

˭Ц㣡

ԼЦԼҸ̸йͷȻЦ񹷡

˼ȰһۣȻɫ㿴㣬Ҳ£˵ڵȴ׾˭ǻˣʲô顢ٶǻˡɲãʾ֮

ʾ˵һ룬ͻȻЩд˵˾Ͱˣһ᲻ʼϲ
ԣС¶˵ЦҲǣǰҵĺʦҲˡ֮Ұ֮Աǣ˵Ǻƭ˵ԼáȻƽǣóˡ֮ûй֮ͨòã

˼ֻת̫죬Լ˼顣

ôˣ

˼ͷװ׷Ĵ룬ǳֻǳһ㣬ѾˡҡҡͷҪǨŭĸͷʳĳԲˣƽվֻ߷ֱ죬Ӷˡ

ţ飬ֻƳһۣȴĶӡ
˼ƫݵģоҲûƭˣֻ˵̫ˡŮ˼һҪЩָвźá

һˣǰﱻҷӯţͷһ΢΢Ӳ񡱵Ծ

ɬˣŤŤʡ

ҪһɤӶˣһֻȴ̽£߸Ū̾콵䵽˼Ů˶϶ȣиɻ

ЩˣæԼԲ֪˺ûУ

ҲǶԶͳԶװ޹
ɫҲ֪Ȥ㲻Ҳɿˣ۾ķĹâûסȴʼƤЦ㻹ȥٸͿҩ

˼ˣŵˡҸףæȥòã

̰ģͷһϲɫã

Ȼͷչ
ʮ꣬ȴϸˣ˼ò΢΢ڽţŴյõ

ִָţ˳ַļϣȻס

ȷʵӦˣΪܿϮ繥Եһ˼ǵԣ˫ֻһ˫ֵϡĹȵģԽԽգһ㴦һ仯Ҳűܵһ

չ黹бܡ

üǡ
Ҫġ硱ꡱûŪʲôѾоһĨҫľԣٻţļͬ籡ķҷҷ˴ơ
С¼ߵȶȣ˵ϡòã

˼ֿʼͷ˵

òĶͶǣţò

˼ֻܷ˵

룺ҲܲĶȥǲپһֽ˰ֺһţ飬ƽˣ˵ѵԼ˴Ů
ͷһ㿴˵˼һۣˡ


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ϵӰܿڴ󺹵˼ϲòг, , ҭ, 
ĸ׵Ĳ˫ָŮ޷գ˫ֱ, ʣ˼˼ҿɵˣϵˣ۲ˣ

˼Ҳ˵ĸҶãƤˣҲˡأأأ˲ٿɣ

ҡҡͷ˵ǿٵͷһ⣬û, Ѿˡ˵ͷĿͷĪڻ̻̲գ֪ᷢչȥ
Ŷǰ, 󲮱, λ´, ڻûȥҶĵúܣڴǰܲܡ飿

Ҳֻò˼Ψָǽж, ѹ˵, Ͼȵȥ, ɥɥ֮, 췭ظˣжޣ˭˵׼

ĸװ̾š

˼Ҳüͷ߱˼ģ岮ӦõģǱϾˣɱǣϻԽܵġ

ð죬ĸڿڣ֪ģǼȷʵȫȻ޹ǣǣ뵱ʱλ̫֮Ȼܡ̫ںԿգ˵ǱǳģҽʱȴںİҴ壬ʱ̣رŽݹϵɺϣϽ壬ԣΪϵĵĶλںա߱λ㸸׺Ͳǰݣؽֽ֮Ұ˼ȥֻӡ
̾գԭҲ޳ɡǵ־Ҳûдķǳ֮ʱ˭˲ڶˣںԭָܹúЩҲǸ֣

˼ԭһӶԳĸ̣˿Ҳ˵ˡ
ںϣ̸ףǰѪ¾ྪڣĳȻҪ׺ںΪôϢ׶֮ء

ĸ˼ĸ׵֣ȥȰǣҲ֪ȰȰöϾ¹س¹ĸĸǺӲģΪһŮӸıߡ

ͷĸѾ̫ˣϵ䣬㲮Ѿ˵ˣǱصһ˳ǡһ˵ȫʮѵ׼λԲ⣬ԼҲֻ塪⣬˭Ӳѡ
׻Ǹĸף촽Ůգ˼㣬㲻ҪǿҪΪԼ˵ЩЩʮĵܵãͽΪūҲܹ黹ڡ

˼ŵͷ
ԭʺ֮ǣڲŷֹ֣һˣ˵ĳ¸ҲãΪҲãҲãϾǵ㣬ǵϻټѣֺϧһ

붨ˣ˼ƽˡĸףĸԼӣ᲻Ʋң¼

ĸ׵Բ۾ûСǸ㣿

ûС˼ӽһ˵

ԥһ£ʣ˼ĸһ䲻ĻƲ㣬ǣ᲻㣿

ӦáӦ᲻ðɣ˼˵΢΢Щ̡

ĸ׵Ļѳˣð˵ǴС㣬񷨺Ů£ȴҪϣ㡭ϣ㡭

ĸҶ
ĸ׵˼ˣ£Ȼ

ȴ˵ĵŮһǣоȷʵȱԼӶĸ࣬ڻоʵĶ̶һ·;Уˬӯ÷·Ҫˡһŵͬݴ

ֱоſڣױŽҿͷ̿ȵѬˣԴ̻¶м䣬Աǡ̡̿¯һ֧֧׻ıȫǶĺ飬Ѿˣҡҡλη·Ҫε

󺹵Ȼص˶ĵϣŪȵ۵򡢸ںϴѵΪ𡭡Щȶľֻص˶С
ԭȴǹŵһϲ˲ʧˣȻþĿȻ飬ɳɳؾֱߵеǰϥ£˿ϵƤޡؽذסߡ԰ԭš

ʣһƤ⣬ʵʵ

ԴɵȻˣˣҲһһѳѵ׼˿̧ĵɫͷ󺹣ʵı˼ղףվͲ˵ԩ죬óһ˳еʧ֮

ʧ󣿣һЦǣôʧʧΪʲôʧ޵Ľͣһ˳ееع

֮˴Դ̿˿ôã֪ܵģҲǿʶնģȷհӳ󺹿۲Ѿмū˸Ĺ롭
̧ۿġλ֮ǱȻںԼѾûз֮ˡֲķǱںȲţ˿̺ηת

˵鰰ķϵۡʱ̫ӣǳ⳼ǱõĶǽƽ׻ͭĪҪ˺ȵ۵ӣ˵ʵҲѣ˴šշϵ۵˼ۡ

ԭǺ޹ȻЦתеذף˵ȻûһʵͲؿˡ

̿̱.һյͨˮͰһڡˮˮӵʱ򣬻ܸо˹ҪƤ⣬ʱãѻһ⡣

ѵԴɵļסʹãɳڰļιΧƣֻȻʵ۵

Դ֪Сӵĺģˣ˵ȵ׹֮󣬳֪ںҰģ๼ںҰģԸд״ѺҲԸԼ׼Ϊ˽䣡

İֹס̵ˣ۾

뱨𣬵Լȷʵû߱಻ںİסҪԸں
˼֮ԭ¡ҪģǲҪ̫Ҫ˵·ϾԼȻûߺ޵岻ɵĵز˿̸Դһ̨£Ҳպ˼ǰԼһ̨¡

ģڳ˵ѡһΡϵںҪ.Ȩϧ߱߱ŻƤǱҪ˺ģˣҲǱҪɱ֮ġ״дһ䲻ʵˣ޿һһɱǷ졣

Դɱɿ˫磬ȵҲԶļ亹׵ǡ
ֽʶǰд״ҪΪΪеĵܵֻܰԼںơЩ΢˼İ֮ıЩΪΪߴ󡱵Ը룬Ź״ֽϻҷ

дˣѺӡ
Ľӹϸϸ飬ѾڲںѵϭġȻսǿѿеӲͷˣ

õġԵԴ˵޹㡣
ʰϵĶһذףذڰģҲ֪Լﲻ⣬޸棬Ҳʱŵ˵㡪˼ô

ԴѾߵ׵ߵл󺹴

šҸ䣬Ū޵̺Ըţ뿪оʣضŵԴɡ

ȥѲһȦױϹͷ˵󺹣ˡһɱĨӵĶ

ĵͷ˵ʾڡ

ԴɵͷԼγʦһպ󻹶ԼʦȻ˽ڡһͷСĴˡ

ĲԵӪʣͷӦů㡢ᡣĲԽԽͣΪҪ˼ˣ﷭ӿΡԼѾĴˣѾ⿪ˡҲŽΡ

ſڶΣͷĺɫǧڹһƿŵȡ


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˼ĸ׵һڸϴš
, Ŀһ˳ؿ, ֵ̿ʲô, ֲҿڡ

ɱԸȻ֮ǰ, µͷҲϲ֧֧ᡢ£˵˼͵һۣ¶ȵ˵Դɷˡ

ϾһˣǰŮ˵۾ﶼϳˮһӿ

̤ϰ벽ָѵ˼ϵˮȥȻ, ָȭͷ߬ˣӲǱڱ󣬺ǰظ

ȳȥɡɬ˵, ʱﲻ, Ƿġ

ǡĸΥλ, °ڣǵ͵ƳŮһ, ʾǧסѹ, ǿǧֵòʰ
Ȼ, Сĵ˳ȥ

оٰĵӰһֻ޴ĺ, ſ˫Χȥ
˼һֻ죬һֻȹӣ˺ȹ塣ڿ޳ССģģ

˼ǺӰӹûһ˿Ƕǰ̧֣󣬡ôޣܡ

˼Ų֣۽ëʪʪģȦͷģƽʱǱֳ
ȴ֪ôοźã˿̺޲ñ£̹Щ

޵ƽڳҭʣҴ󲮡ǲǡˣ

֪˿ĭصͷ˵˼ˣҪҵ

˼ͷֿޣ޵öַҡŭ鼱û취ʱֱֶһ٣ԱֹסĿԼӡ
ȥأչ鲻Ҵ򣬶ǲᣬµĺһ˵ûɱԼ֪̫Ծˡ

˿ŵԾı£˼ĸһ̸Ѿ֪һ֮֮ѵ뷨
ѹȴܺͶҲǸ䡢Ϸˣһ޵һᣬҲûжԳԽֻڴ鲻Ҫ⣬پڻϡ

ڳҭҭ˵ģĺѹ

û˵ĻİһϰԼ˵м˼˳ס˼֪ѹǣҵĿԡ

Ų̸ԡ
˼ҭ˵Сʱ򣬴󲮴رãҰϲЦһشǧȹӣýҪң˵˼ãѰŮûеˬܸɣǰôصŮʲô񡭡Ҳˣ

ﲻ֪ôģ粵飬˵ҰүʱҲѹġҰүãǰûһһ֮ļӣҰﶼ̫ңЦǺ˵ҵСǣҪԭܰηηβģҲˣ

Ҳˡ˼תͷһһ֪ʧȥѹܲҲѹһһΰɣ

ᣬᡣʱܹŵģæ˵㲮ﻭѺ˵һ˵ʧһ˳еҲֻҪһеˣ˴˵գСȥᣬûжܣֻˮþþ

Ȱ˼ΣԵ㶫òã

˼ҡҡͷԲ¡

ۺѹû˵һвĻ

Ҹ㵹̲裿

룬˵ͷ

ɴ⣬ϽﵹȲ裬̺ͣϰ߼εζؼһ׷ۣȻιߡ

˼ֺһСڣҡҡͷٺˡ

Ŀ̲̾˿ֹûб֣֪ؒôá

˼˵Ϣˡ

æͷã˯һŽ⿪Ҳͺˡ

˼ûطȥıﻹѹģҲ޷飬˵׻Ǽˡ
ͷOO@@ˣŽҲòòӭģԱסе˵Ƿ꣬۾ܵزȥͷͷܿʪ⡣

СǧоÿˮҲҪ򵥲ϴһо²ԡζˣе̴ľϢ
˼۾װ˯
ܿϲоĺǳǳģ´ŵ

˼װװ˯

̾˿һȥðû˼һͷҲ˯ţЩҲЩ裬ֲҷýӲܡ

Ȼ̲סһְӣչСû֪ͷֺ޽Ǻա
Ҳϣһ˳Ȼ󷵻ס

˼ģֲ̲ס۽޾գ˼¡
СǺε񣬵ʱЦ˯ˣ

˼ûװ˯ʵģţμһֻǹϵµҡ

ֺֺЦƨһѣԽ㵨ӴˣȻˣ

˼ϡһֻʹץ˸ţšڱȻ󣬿ɾ

ĸϲĸоͷŤת߶ʱɽһݴݣʴʣԲת̲סФ֮µ컷⡣

һֻɿԼ´Ȳȫѵʹ˹Ȼʼµظ󻳱˶´һ⿪
Բļͷ¶СȲȥ˱Ϳѩк÷ľɫ

˼֪һӣֻǱšתţöȳܣһǿ.Ӱֿʼɢҧ촽Ӳһ㱻ǵĿⶼûС

Ļ֪ĸܣ̵ţÿһ缡ϲòУһһ촽ܹȥʾϣСɿĺ䱦һһѡ

һӨչֳ˼ָ⸧Ūȥһ
£ȻԿı޺ۣѪĵط裬ѪӡڣҲû˶١Сĵش˴ٺۣһµҩƿҩͿҩôˣٹѪˣٻȥ̵ҩһø˿ڵơ

ȻڷƤûȶȡʣòã

òáȻָ˿ҩòá
˼֪ҧͷ

Ѿϲ񣬰ࡣȴۣ촽ڶ£ʧȥѪɫݸš
סˣСʣոŪˣ

˼Ѿ׼ҡҡͷȴ᲻ܿƵػߡ
ĵɫҲո׾ϲˣأ̽˫ȼһ£ȻһƬɬ͡ҲɬˣôԸ⣿

˼žߣȻǨŭļ˺ˣ鼱һסĸ첲˵㲻Ҫ˺ҵļˣ㡭ɣܵס

İһģ˱۾־ֵһ첲زɿ
߰ɣ

˼âۡŭյӣòͷ
ȻߣʮȫĸĸȻĸĸˣһһĺӡҲ㡭ģ˵㲻Ҫ˺ǡ

ҲǸ㽻Ŀӫӫģ
һӷؿ˯ɣһµĳ

˼Ҳǰζӳ£˵ʲôһ仰˵

Ҳ֪˶ãһû˯ŵĶı˵ҵʲô˼һ㲻Ҷ⣡

ҡ˼еţҲЩοȻҲٲ˵뺦¡ʵļϣһסˣֻ˵˯ɡģɱˣɱ


 51 
糿, Ž׼ʱ
ĸո, ߵĵ˼Ҳ, »ûϵãǿż, ̻Ųǰء
̣Ȧ࣬Լһҹûߣ˿̶Ŷ˵㡭㲻Ҫɱǡ

ĴϾ;鲻ã˿̼ǲͷˣ˵ҲɱˣôͲţ١ϰԵвͻȻ˵ЩദʱĸܣвĻס, תһ䲻ͨ˳ģٲңҲҪѹˡ

ѰϱӵľĲб˽, ֱǿĿ

Ŀй, ԼһֱŬϿ, Ҳˣɺᡰ, ˵ʲôû˵óͷŽִһ, ˵ȥѲӪ糯, 㡣

ѲӪ糯еĲɵģ̸ֻԼҵĴúʹϭѸں߱ʱ˵㾫񾢶
ںȻ, ȻȹԼҲ뷴Ϯ˵޵ĸױвʣ̻Ӳǽ

ͷüɳ̣Ȼͥˮݶӣûй̶ĵطͷɢҲȹ̣ǵ£ǺöԸ

˰죬Ҳûһʵľ۳
ǲɢڳ֮󣬶ĵ˼׽ģ˵ȻѴСֻһţϷŻɽŮС˽أ˵һ·ǰȻѰ򣬵ѰˣȻȻһٺ˺ʱ򣬶һǺȻ϶һں˺

ֻһ˵ӪҰҪһλʿ

һƬĬ
ʿңѵȻںΡ

ĵĿһ˿ȥﶸȻȴ־Լðա

˰ҲûнҲãڳԼҲоеͷŲУʿľݺƣֱߵԼ˵ǰ

ֵʱ䣬ͷһƬڳԷӦϸ󷹺⸬촣о֮УϳԵĲˡ
˿ˣꡱһ˶ֵ̿ط·룬ֻ֪˭ù͵Դһͷء

ɨһۣٺˣһѪУʵҲôҪɱƬʱͿɱ
ָָ˼ĸ׵ɣһ¡

˼λʵϣ۲ƢȻŷӣ
Ը縰ѣɷ侲ˣӵֱ۽Ĳݶվл״񣺡󺹣

һüͷ˵⺺ҴһζܣֻթԲӵԴ󵽵˵ȵЩɸп塣
˵Щ˽Ҫ㡣

ĵĲת񣬵Ƨһ

ֳΪ˱ȫˡ˵Ҳ˴ԼҵѪط

ɵĺ붶˼£ٿ£ʵл󺹲

Ÿ磬϶ѹġĿЦһ£˵˽ѵܹҵĺʦʷ飬ȴĶֵǽֻ˵һһףѵܹҲеġ

ɓ󺹣˲⽲ѵܹҲҲ

ЦҶǾںǳӣ̫ӣǱǿ

ɴЩŲšॡ졣һѵ˵󺹣Ȳظ޴ϵ¤̫ʱ볼ȴ̸¤أ̻̣ڼ֪
Ǹڿϲںºͣʵ޶ŮʱʵֻһֺϷѡ

ҲãֳԴѾװȥˡı治״Ӷ񻹸˵ʲôֻܹģڴλСܹһ棬Ǵȹһ桪廹ô󣬶ڰյأ

һЦֳѾһеǵԼպܹĹ޻ǿԼ̡
һ䡰ǡ˶û˵Ϊɸм㣬׵л󺹿
˵լʺ񣬳ɵմ󺹡ԴˣˡճȱȻЧЧ

ЧҵĻû˵꣬Ѿ˻Ҫǡɻشˣȵȣո˵ˣˡʲô˼

ⲻһƨ
֪λʱж˵ĵ伮ʷ飬׶ò಻͸ƨĵȥֻܸͣŶԭǺ˵ԷعٵĻϼͶ٣ֻſ͸棬ôˣϼӸ˵һǸᣬΪ֮ᣬһĸᣬΪ֮ᣬһֳӪȳſǧֻ֮ĵĸٲ̾᲻Դˣ᲻ˣӣ

һԵ·˵Ĺ¡

ȴ뵽طЩʧԭǽΪ֮İ
ǽ֮

Ще͵ƳĿеһۣڵصģЩ˼ֵ̧ˣɡ

˰ѵͻֽаѵ

ֻǵԼ֧һ֮ӣԵɺϽ׵񣬽ʶյɵһͿƭð͸һ֧Ǻڵ˼£ɹƽص¤һ·Щ

ʵ۴ŵƨǰ㱻һףǵ˼һȣѾǸˣԴҲ峤һĳϷ紵ɹءֳ֪ʲô£ǲǻʵ۷˻ɱ

ʿǰѾ̱ϥŵûУ˵˾䡰ߵ󺹡Ͷſţ˵һ

ĺЦؿļ˵Ȩô޶ԼķԴش̣ʮһúôŵ

Ҳ֪ʲô˼һҪƱ֣һ˵ʲôԴء̻̲ĿİͰ˵󺹿ˡ

ŹٵĹ£šˣˡŬغɫﵱйͣ췣갷񱾾ιϴСȴôˡ˼͵͵뿪ң۾

µĶˣߵһϧҸĸ֪Ϊо󺹲Ҫ

˼˵㣬ҲȼԴֻҪϸһ㡣

֪«ʲôҩǫѷ䣬˵䡰𡱡ǡ֮Ưʣ㲻۰ɣ

ɵ֪λش

ҲҪش˵ԻͷҲֻһ̣ҪҲ򲻲С˿ˡ
Ťͷ˵۾Ǳӵʮȣϸȴ򣬲²Уظ޴ӱȫȥﲻѪͽ̵ķ

Ȼ鲻ãջ
ɢһ½ǣѾ˾ȴϵġۡȻʮ£ͽʹĿ޽Сɱ룺ЩûðҰںʱһû֨

صԵ˼Ƥֵ̿ؿ桭ǵ

ûõĶô죡
ֻܵͷǰĶ䣺е

˼˦֣ʵҪ

˵ҺַԸˣһСǽѵѵ֪ͷ

˼Ȼ־ˣͷһ㶼˦ͷ

ಽǰԼϣһָֻıһָֻΣЦ˵ȷʵͷҪʼٸﲻˡ


 52 
˼˵öʱë, ҪʵҪʲô

Цü㰡
Ȼ, ˵Ҷ, ˿ۡ

ҪģǷʲôأЦ˵, Ҫװɡ
Сһ׶ǣױǼ⣬ա

ҪҪʱûˣЦ

˼޷ӦЦץ½ʣû档˵ʵ, ôˣôҼˣ

̹ϵ˵ȵǼҹİڼں, ¹, ֻɱһˡǹ, Ҳȵ۵ĶӣҪ¡ԼһԲԣ

˼ۿе, ǵ˵ͷ

ĸŵͷ, ˵ƽҵϢʱƭҵĽ, Ǳӣ۹, ؽԮʱӣֻʮȣǲǲˣ

ȷʵҲ˼ֻҲͷ

أƭҰӱԷƭ¤ıӣǸСƭӣͺһҲΪ㰤𣬾ͷ.߰ɡз

˼գ۾ֻһ۸ա

ķİۣ˵˼㲻ңԺֻ˵滰㺦ңԺв㣻㲻ϡϸҡ
üһģԼͷҾֻԸņ

˼ЦֲûŮˣ󹬼ǧˣĸţ

ĿЦˣȻֻǼʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ζܾˡȥ΢Ц̵ǣˮǧֻȡһư

˵Щӵ移˼һЩ˵οóԣ˵ô

ŵãֻɡ

˼
ĺ˵㻰ġһˣһӦҲˡͷЩů⡣

ʱŷ֣ͷȻͰѾͣϢˡ
˼ŵķСʣ

˵ȥˣģһÿҷԸģƤҪأ˼ҿģ֤¡ӳԵɣϾ£Ҫġ
ļˣ˵ѺģסĲãʳ֤ݣҲ.衣Ȼƽ֮ٽͷǡ

̹ˣ˵ˣ˴ﷴˡ

ھȪҪկһʱ䣬ԼҲɧڳǣżС֧ԮҲ仨ˮ֮֮ǵĹҲĵС

פľڣ͵˼һùţ˯֮ǰͲ˼˵顣ʫ֣ʷɢźŵ㣬󲿷ʱĬҲʱָʣʺνϯɵ¥ޡ²زʣ쭷ʲ

˼һ죬һڣָʫʱ֮裬ǻᱡ˵Ҳա

þָһôʫ١Ǿɣ⣬޸Ҏ⣬ʹҲ͡ʲô˼أ

˼šһѣ˰ụ̂

Цֵ梣ȻΪʦҪҵѧҵδɣδ⣬㵹ҴϽˡġ
˵꣬˵ϣúý۾ˣˡұǸˣȻ̲ãЩ˯գ㾫񣬺øɴֻ

ˡӣֺܿɰˡ˼ѹţȻãûǰôˣǹʣ󺹻ʲôֻҪɣ

ҩֱ׳˵
Ȼֱ׳ذֱ׳ؽȹʿ㣬ֱ׳ᱡһԻȻСͿҩ
ʲôۼˡȣԼҲŵķˣôȣҪ覴ãᱧġ

Ϩ˵ƣñӰһϣЩ˶Сõ˼ĲѡƫƫȻÿ򰾵סѾӲĶˣ˼üضˣȴ֮ˣҲ֪ԼôģȻһҹƽ

죬˼ű㼿ڴϣһֱǲԭյթ̣ҪͶſϲѴ֮سԸĨһݣԭһͻŽӲڷԽһ̲ԭζҲоڳ𲻵òˮ˽ԡ

ı仯˼ҲˡһĶһ˲Ȼ󼸺ǳһӣδݡڣÿֻҪæ£ߣѰҲϲһѰҲϲһϰˣڵʱͷͻģֻܻźһõЩƬδʱ䣻ʱ򻹻һģЩ޽һجΣȥ˾ˡ

ֺγǺأ
ϾⱲӻԼԶ޹Юţ޷뿪ûµôôδѽ

Ŀ٣׼ص˼ߡ
һ죬ˣɢ˫ȣ첻˵Ȱɡ

ఴСȤģһ߸һʣôһ죿ʲô¶ˣ

Ҳ˵ȪɽתһȦԶķ̨̤㣬֪ϸڴʵ

˼ͣͣҪˣ

̵֣ţ˼º˵԰󲦵פ磬ΪҾͳﲻ㶯ˣ

һڣҲ棺ôͻȻŶ

ΪôźѽЦƨٴȣܼʱ

ȵȣ˼ʣҪʿû˵ҪͶʴ֣

˭أѼϼҲøˡ²أǣ

˼һѵס죬ᱡˡ
㻰أ

ͣüЦЦģҲش㡣褴ƸǡһԸһԸñϸڲܸ㣬ҡ

ҲҪ֪ϸڡ˼֪ϲ˵ĵУҪʣҪ֪жٻŻ

Цϸ룬˵߳ɰɡ

Ҫˡ

ɫ˼Ҵÿһ̣Լпɳزġ
ָĨȥ۽ǵỨһõĺԮսǧ򻯣ֵк䣬ΣЩ󡣡
󡣡˵ˣԸġ

˼ԼԸ⣬˼˵ʲôأԼѡ·ֻԼߡ︸ĸѾߣʼ벻ͨ˼Ϊηǵںôͷһ

ĿĬᣬͷ˺һͻȻʣһҲΣգ˵᲻Ϊҿް

ͰȭͷȭʹĿڡˡ졣

úüؿڣ˵õŮأ

ѻ죡ɱǧĸΪޣŲޣСһŤ

ˮĥȥ˳ͷĺףȻס۶ﴵһͱŵˣסĸ첲ָͷʼף׵׵ǣ˱

ڵʱչɽȥԡֿ߮һšо궼Ҫ͸ˣȴּʱֹĹֻ£ʹϸĴˮ⡣
Ǽ̫ȻֿȴְغƵ˱Ŀķȱüըֶҽͷİ

˼һûļ飬۾ˣΨһľָצϻۺɫĺۼ

ͣӸµϢˣʣԸԸⰡ

ǴҲʦͨ˵˶˼ĥ
˼ûСȴȵġʱ˵ѣһĥľͼ¶

ֻ֮˵ˮ

ĿۣȻ͡һЦЦաȻѶø߸ߵģȥΪˮ

˵ˮ˼Դŵ̻ʱͣϢƬֻ̣ˣֻǻòࡣ

ЦʣΣ

˼㶲׹Ӷٶˡ

ܷ䣬ûСŮɬ̧֮࣬ͷ˵治մʪ

Ļϲù豭һߣ촦ȦȦƤһۺ˱ۣʣΣŮģ
ָһһ´ˣͷı׹ȥͷһ篵£Կǳͬķ顣

ĺᶯ£Ŀ⹳Ƶģ٬ЦҲڱصõ

˼ֵҸ½ŵɫߵһ㻬䣬̬ķ컵þĶǡ

һƽ˼һţ㲻ҪѵɹƷ㡣
⣬ĵһѤöĿѣ

Ȼһͣ˵˼Ҫ


 53 
ʱھ衣

˼, ͷֵ˭㽻ֻҪɾ塣
ͷø, ҲϸСϾ, һǴӸ㣬Լ˾ˡ㵹ǹ, ǲ

ʱɵкһˣƬ̺Цʣͬԣƭҵİɣ

ˣץµԼûƤûЦô𿪣

֪˵˻æģû뵽𰡣ұô죬ʵڱﲻסˡ
ֺƤ󣺡ֻ㣬㿴Լ, ¶򡣡

ǺƵģжһذԵʿ֣ڸҩѾϰ, øĹһ, ո칭ܿ, һС

˼εغǰ͸Ƶ, ֻꡣ
Ҳ͹, ֱֻٶ͡

ֹ̽ȥ, ࡰ񡱵ͱòˡ

һ˼, ԸⲻԸ⣿

˼ͻȻޡ
һڱԷط꣬뷨ռе˴˲⣬ǿȨռ壬˵ûһ䡰ԸⲻԸ⡱߷ߡӵʱҲûбֳ˿ϧֻԵõΪĿֱ꣬ǰ
ʱˣԶˡ
.۴ʹһӣ˺˺һΪŮ£صĵߣʱʱ̶̿ԱԽȥⶼȥ۰

죬һȷԸⲻԸ⡱ˮĥĹڴšˣˡһ졣

ߵͷ˵Ըġ

һӣġҲʵԸġ
ϣ磬ܺһŵĿ֡

ȥϵˮְؿ˵ҵɵ˼Ȼ󻺻ءؽȥˡ

еʹе㿨˵Ĳᶨһֱ۾ı飬ʱο
һΣʹԣ㿪ʼлȻʡѾζˡˮ֮˼ֵһ֣ϧһΪ˸ȴһֱûܹգظоӯĺ궼
ִʱԝۿǳɫ顣β׵֫ٺѪ¶ȷٵ

ġ˼ֲ.ķϵļ֣Ѫ񡱵Ծ

·ҲͳζĺˣĴЦʪһǣƺҲҪسͦسˣؽǻҲХϵĶĤݡȻԽЦҲʧˣüͷ·ʲôΪѵ¡

ѾˣĶ塣

ƺ壬ͻȻȻŵ̻һ籡
СǸܵˣǵº飬ͻȻһߣְؿڡ˼оӿĳˮֻסļоöһ㣬Ѿս˰Ȼ

ɿס˫֡
˼͸һǰŵ̻Ļ۾һ㣬ˣ׷

ף˵̻ŵʱδЩء

ʵںʱĳ̣ԶЩҪһǴӰߵĻô˵˼ֻܺˮϴµº㡣

ľ±£ͷǵҰꡣϴףζڿգǰҪᣬһ޿Ե

ĺ˵ʲô˼ûз˵˼ⱲӱزḺ㡣

Ȼܷȹһӣ˼ЩãȻ˿ͷܵ˯ɣˡ

پһؿ˼׻ЩӶߵ飬ϽԼĴҲˣȾˣѴѾֱһ飬ѹס߽ҲŲֹ

˼˰ƿŤͷһۣŻ谵Ĺߣֻ˯˵СЩкģգЦŵҶģ㲻óǿ

ӦûȻ˯úȾ컹΢΢ţһļƶûˡ

˼Ҳ˯ˣǧߺشе쬵ģĺĻպ壬ʱ֦ԴЩֲڡˣЩ֦֦ӵ

ͻȻʲôȻۡ
仹һյܽںҹ￴ֹϣʱʱһ£ְϸ¡

ԼƶᣬڰˣĺθеһЦ˵ˣ˯ˡ

ҹģѽ

˵ղŲá

ôˣ

.࣬˵̫

׹󣬵˼һڡ

ʵЦ˵Խˣңǽѵѵ㲻ɣ£׻Ƿ˵ҲŪġ
Ȼְһ

˼ЦáⱩǱŷҲҪ㡣
˺ˡСһͷȥࡱһٳԡ
ţɼֻ⡣ʱоֱ䣬һһ㱻òֻóƵŤͼ˦

ʵ㡣̧ͷ۾ڰģڣЦ
Ҳˡ̧ȣ˳һǣֵ΢ʹʱʵˡ

ͣ˼ֻĽ־ԴˮϼӢһʫдһԴ֪֡кκ䡣

ͣҶĴһѩǰܣ鵽ʲô̶ȣôģʼղɳڡӪԶİһӻһαʱضԼˡǴˣ֪Ƕô;õľͷ
˫ȶ첻ԼˣѾһһΣСӶҪˡʪʪģ.ŹµۣЦ˵⻹ް䣿

Ƕǿ̵СӿЦã
֪Ҫ˳ëߣίί˵һһΣҶˣ

ĲЦȻݺݸ⻹û꣡

ϣ޷糯ˡŮ񣬿һҪһ飬޲໳źá
˼ѾڲˣһƵģ˾ͺ
ıߺЦҽεεŮɣҸȵԻ̣ƥһͨ˯ûˡƫһҹ򰾲ס

˼Ȼϳȥɡµ㴦ãҰˮšһǷתӵ˱Ҫ˯

ıӰ˿ϸ֫ͽŵıԲ̵Σˮһһڵʣ־ȥĺ

˼ʵû취תסԼĺ˵㶼˺ôˣҿûĻˡܲһһڳԷһγһѽ
˵ˣžۡˣ

ĺӣԳ˻ԣڻסˣż֮ëԴЦúúã˯


 54 
ȥؼӼ, ̱˵ĵ˼ŵºúòһ˯ذ޹, ѹʱֻõ, ֪Ǹոճѣѵ˰
۾, ˰ǧƵĻۣĳʹӳ£ķӦ

ʰʰͰ͵ϵǱ˺һһĴѾܴˣ֮ҲЩǣ˱ĵԼлŮ⣬ȫǴ³ĺӡʲô

һʱҲ˲·ˡҪ, һ԰ϰŸɫģﻹȵ̲衣֪ġӪûŮź, ϼڻ¹١
˺, Ӳ, ȻһصĲ

䣬ͻȻ۾һ, ԭǶĽӽˡһɫû, ȵЦ˯ˣûгԵ㶫

˼ЩƵˡ

Ҷһ, һӰ˱ڻȳ˳촽, ЦҾ֪ȺʳҲϲȻʳһһ

ֻᱡһָ·Ҳʵ֮Ӳ߮ͷƤϸϸظܡ
Щɸ֦֮٣˼Ҳˣоֿʼȥĵط̽һסң

Ϊʲô

ͷ˺죬ǻǽž̧ͷֱҲҪиִ磬̲

¶һЦá

˼ԼĶ䣬˽ļһ˵á

Ƕ¡˼ѵµĻ¹ٲ㹩ţûз¶ˣ
֪ôźãͷ˾͵ˣ󺹣͵ô

ǶŽţءšһ

˼æƽϵ壬ͷûкúᣬϽָ£ʮ¹پ룬ʳУܿڳʢļϻһľƣԶŵľ㡣

Щ¹Ҳ֪ȤƵģ궫ǣ
˼ȣλôһ֮ԷļƣԼҪźˡҵʱǵõģĸòͣźζǳ¡ƹȥ߹£ӲƵѲһȦʣʲô

üһ̧°ָָмһ⣺Ե⡣

˵ģͷŴκ͸ɫϣɢ㡣˼һùĽֵγʣȻһĺõϵ̨ѲǺܿذкˡµӶڶǰ

ĶЦһЦһ֧µĽΣ͸㡣˵쿴ɢͷȻҲ䲻Ĺɫ

˼Щ죺ѵҽεٿһԵĽֵͷβЩˣɵӣֱղţ޵ľٶôأ뱲ɵƢԣô׸ģ
εС㿴ҵѡŬŬŵһʣһˣ֪ôϴأ

ЦԭΪ⣬ˡ극Ҿ͸취

Ե⣬˼ΪУֵȺȵơ
ֻžɵĻƣź챦ʯﵹ޵ĺѾơ˵õƣرϿڡ㳢һȥ

˼ǺƣżгЩ׾ƣҲʤǴ˿ŴŹľζĶССһڡ

ĵȡ

ʲôͬĺȷ˼ʡ

˹һдƱϵһȻյһֻ˼һֻԼţȺһںЦȰɡ

˿ᱭõ˵ķף˼Ȼ֪˼˿̷Ȳˣһᣬֱֱصǰж
Ҳ΢ЦһЦܸöɣ

Ҷס

ǷףҲҵ⡣˵ģȻߴٵȰɣһСڣȻյ

ǺϰõĻǣύ
ʽ飬ٲЩǣҲ֤
˼΢΢ֶζû

ĵ΢Цˣһ˵˼ƽǺһӭªͼ򣬵ҵ⡣

ҡҪҡҡͷең㡭㻹кء

ѹûȻҲ֪һޡʺ
˿ǾúЦһ㣺˵ʲô˵պձģҲӦ㡣㲻ǵˣ¤ʱȢ㣬ҡЦţʵԵĺ϶ΪһҲˡ

˼һһ䵽Ʊ

Цˣţǽ޼ޡƻҪȵ

ֻܾյһڡ

ƱˣͷֺһڣЦȻǸʿ๲ˮ̿̿ġ
˼Ҳٺһڡ

ֻӶù޵ľˮһ𣬻λƼɢ˵ķҷһڣҲһڡƱףźף׵ϣһһϣǴ֮ף

Сֳ˵㶫Ȳ¹ʰյһ

˼ģո˵ý˵ġ

»ģʼ
ҺرǿȨƿصĸоһΨʣֱˡЦض˼ٸлʹǵߴ£ۣۣ˵㻰Ժô㣿

ͣڻ︧ο
Ƶģʹ£Ӳţļůֻɢźŵķ㡣ƶָΨʸлܲס

˼ڵ¿¶Ȼҧסģ˿ƵˡͣϢһǶ׻˵ģļԲȶȻԸģǣĸŮϲ˼ܣǿоζ

µСܣ˳ļȥȵָһս
һƿѹסǣѾ֪ĵطǶԸϸϸ¹򡣲ܾãϼεպͲӣļùȣĦ
˳ȥÿһ綼ֵƷ棬ʱ΢΢Ūʹˣ.꣬̽ȥ֪ĸȻλȪԴˮǼʱβˣȻûٱ

ġ»˼۵һҹֱ

Ϊȥо糯ʵѾһԿƼġء䡷ϹŵĶɬĵĿʱʱб˼ʱЦΪҪ˯ˣ

˼ӣ˿ıӻȥƳƳԱǼнѳݵ·̾˵㵹ǳˣһܴ·ûˣô

ҵģЦɱæƴǡҴ·һ㡢һһѬ㲻ҲأҴ£ǲܹġ
һȷʵͦµġ

˼εؿţ̸ͱ˰߻ֹ
鼱֮£Ҳû취ֵֻǸҡ

һԼá

Ҳû취˭Ǹӵĳأ
õϵ·ǿ壬յߣͱ׽˸ţѳһߣڻô֣һᱡһװ˵˵ɱŪˡ

·أ

оƶƵġͷһһɫ¡
Ƭ̣֪ŪʲôϷ

ѾһָŽһֻ䣺ʱðģªһЩƽǣȻн˺Ԥɶصºͳۡ

˼ƳһǸӣͷһƬ޵ġ
ɵ
ԶͣڷԽǽͷ꣬ںĻпһ֬ɫԶɫһӡ


 55 
϶ϲ֬ɫ, ˼Ծױ, ˿, ϵĺ챦ʯմձߣһһͷĹ
ľؿױ, ǵױŨĨˡܽ¼嵭£Ǳһɫ

ĥӢ־Ŀ̾ţҪҰȻֱͥӻƽء

ϾǻҿӶԸĸиġ˼ǰļǶֽЩ仯Ҳ޴ġǰں󹬵, ֻ֪ԾѳᣬĲֻܴǰƽ, Ȳĸ, Ҳòں
һͬˡȻ, һ׶ôãһܽŻȥ˼ȵ۸ոȥʱѹ, ڳںʱҲѹ֪һ, Լ֪ԼǾһ, һĶĺԣһֻȻȻİˡ

, ǲ֪Ҳûָ֪

ڣĵĵǵ
λǵ˼֣ԼĴ壬֧ӣûмӵľҲûдµҲûеΪĻᣬϲ̨棬롢硢ϲµȣҲںͷųųˡ
ڣ񱻴Ƶǰ

һֱ˿̿ʣ㻹ǵļˣ

˼ͷҵȻ㲻ҵĸĸôŵҪȥȻﻹ㷵ġ
ŶģһԸһԸʹǿơ֮󣬾ָӪ䣬ţƻΣա

ţЦЦòǡ˸εĶûðգҰˡ

֡˼˵

ľǽݲؽ˼ͬͬڣҲõ˼ˡǨһ˼˵ʲôΪأɲԸң

Ϊʵ˽ЦʺϳڡȻǵĵ˼ֳ޿䣬Ǹ͵Сĵŵôùġ˵԰ѵȻȥҪڵкϷĽǶǲԸڰ״
ô˵òҪ֡

Ҳ֡˼òҵļ¡ҲȣҲҵ顣

üͷ˺һ˲˵ãȥе

Խаĳţɫѿָָ̧˵Ӫʣױ˵ŵȥ

ոɾҽҩſϡͻȻӾͱ˽ҿһƬӿ˽û˭ȻĽٶһλʵ߳޶˭

󺹣ع˸ͷ֪ʲô

شһۣѵơ

ϸԣƣ˺Ƥҧ⣬Ѫ죬˺ԵȻ˺һˣ˿۵Ķ˺ѵѪۡƤ⡢ȵϣ̶ȣֻº͸Ҳγʵİ̺ۡ
ѿǴ֮ûɶõģֻܳԼ£¶һƬӿݡҲ̶õĺ

Ľǰɾֻñ˿ڻ΢Ĵõ۵á˿˿
סôĳﵹºͣ۵ӡ

ſЦ˵ۡӦܰס

ĵͷ¶΢ЦġԼ𸴣žˡ

˶ΪԼֻܿ˼ȹʱ򣬵ûʵһ俼ǼԽģݵ΢˿ã죬Ҳһᣡ
Ȼ˵󺹿ϸĻᣬǣ

⻰Լ˵ģұġЦ˼Ҫ㡣

ڽʵ֮ǰÿһŲüҪЬװĥᢵһƣͷװĵ˼ʱˣȪ£ɲľֱͷѪ죬Ϊ顣󣬹һڶáҶΪȻĽʵݹȴһ
ôΪһˣôŮǰ¶ӣ

˼ãŬЦţɫ

˼һͷᣬһͷõȻ̣ûеĲ״ŶԲ顣
˿ģֿ˿ţ˼ԡ

֪Ǵ뿪ȴһԹͷ鰸ϣһͨ䡷

˼ֻõǿԵ˵

Цһ£û£վžͺá

Ĵ̧ͷ˵ԣվžͺáȻ𱰻ҪġԹԡٺ١һЦ·Ϊ˼պĵλ

˼ؿǿûлֻܶԵ˵һһ£ۡȻֻվţҲվźˡվڵ档

ûеߣһվҲٸѹȣع˹ӣúα˿

˼˵˵ִ˴ޣҪȻͥȻͥǶӶǣˮݶӣִȥȫȻİĵطǸôصְõġ
ĿһƳȻ˵ֿʲôҪЭ£

ӻ㱿˼һŮľҪ£Ψһܰæģ޷ǳŴ˿ûгΪҪЩԮ
ǻģ
ҡҡͷ˵󺹰ϸڶͳúˣȻѣŽһȥҲûиҪЭġϾҲϣܰ϶䱸ֺͺԮ

˼һЦ˼ȴˣ촽᣺֡

˰òᣬͻȻͷĸؿһ£ŵ˰صȥˣε·ϴ˴꣬ĵõˣֵĶã

ֻܒ֣ǿЦȰοñޡ̫ȻͥǷϵںɾӵںͶҾɱأ¤ԼҵˣԼұֻӣȻںԮṩȪµϢõǵΡ
̯һֿ̯ЦȻඣǲأҲҵˡ

˼ȻȻ÷󣬵ʧΪһ·
ĶһûУǳǳģҲ۲ķӦ

˼Ե˵ںԼǸҪȨˣȻԸſ񣬴СҹںѾʤ䷳˼²òͷѡ̫ҽӴǼϻ۵ˣǽһúǰȥֻװٲǵţǲõġʱˣӣȳ̫Ǵһ

Цݲɬˣ¶һأҲڴŽ񡪡
˵һ룬ͻȻĻںͷţϹ룬Ͻѻҷ硱Ļȥ

ҲеĿ
˼ãÿһ˶ԼСžţԼΪԵķǰСȻδʼҲδܹƿء

ʣּʱȥȻ

͵˶һۣ˵ƻˡԼһ۵ĻˣԿ࣬ϣҲû취ٲʹӲ

˼ӰȡһɾﵹһյѾƣ˫ǰִȥУƲнˡ軨׷ףɣ򻧣

ζӳ£ᣬԺǾ壬ӹⱭһȻҷǲþơѿձ˼ʾ⣺üԣ

šŵŬʵб˼ĵ޿ԱֺȹƵıӷһŻתѱӷŻʳȥ
ȴһͷײһǽƵģײڶĵϣɽ´

һְסˣڱȴûЦݣ˵գҿҪˣ

˼̧Ϊʲô

ŬŬָŵ˼ľƱǺıӺ;Ƹ𰡣


 56 
˼ˡһ°Ʊˤ, һֻæҵؽס, ֱ˵ʩǡ

ı, ѾƱ£˵ɱѳȻ֮ǰӲŮ, ˵ˡ

Ŀааģ´һǷӯˮСϼ£ⲻ֪ôأ

˼һۣŤ˳ȥȡͺƤ޵ݹȥ

ĒֲϽӣ˵ˣܵˣ

˼ޱ飺ܲ˲Ҳܹˣ

ĵȻˣոðЩааͷʱˡƤ޶һ, Ц˵ˣ֪Ҫϴҵӡ첻鼱𣿲ǵҪһָͷ᲻ðôñӣ

˰, 鼱Ҫ, Ȼʲô˲ˡ˼ûƭ̫˽һĵСź˵, أֻ, ʲô쳤ؾõġ

ĵüͷ, ûôĮ״̬źá

˼˵Ѻͽζлл㡣ҪȪǵԼҵͳ, ԼҵĶڳ㿴ûа취

ؿţƲ, һ˵ã취

벻ģŵ˼.һüĿȱȱӣҲЩˣʵΪˣ

˼ҡҡͷ˵ȷʵЩζӳµģҾһòã

ðɡķſ֣Ϊȥ

ב@ڵĻ˵꣬Ȼ΢΢һЦʱֺЩǡĺŽִˣԼƿӳȥˡ

ȪǺڳ֮ͦһƬأڱľռšڳֻ£ɶɱأΪԼһɭϵıݡ֪磬ǳ֮ơ

ĵоУȪ;Ȫ˵ҪһҪ¤ԼϸҪȪһ׳ʹãҪȪþݡһг޾ֱӽڳȡ

ǳ.вȻȪͶһʵûӭʵ۵ĵȻݣǴӦΪ

˵ؿ˼ϸ﷭Ҵںһ֮ǰҾǼΪģǴҴزҴӵ磬ϵݻǸĲ١˼ԼһѣѾѡһֶѣȻɫͷףʽࡣ

˵ΣȲϰ

˼ɻһЦ㿴㣬Ĵ׶ԣֱǴ׸ף

ӺֻСһϵϣ͵㹻ˡֻѰѡ

ĺؽǰ˿úܾ£޵㰡ʲôϣ

˼ޱ˵㡣

˵Ѭ㣬ﲻɵҲɳڿԵ˼ſ˵ɣһ顣

ڸϣſ˫۵뻳ÿ˯ǰһѾˡȵ뻳ֲæźúö飬󲱾ܵһˣˡ

˼ƽֲûкҺ壬ҲšҺúСҲͰˣĻ

ĵЦƽǵĺҺ壬ϳϴѵܱҵôֻܹ

һìܵа˵ƫƫͲû˵

˼㻹

²°͸ϣȻ󿴿ķƤףáӡ

š˼һҳָָʣ߱ɺӻش𣺡ν֮ν֮С֮ˣν֮һһӣδ߱Ҳʺ㿴

Ķֳ˼һͷ˵ַںϭĲ֣

˼ͣһûжҲûж

˺һ˵˼Ҷ˼ǵ壬룬˸Ҳڷʡûãĵġ

ûС˼ɬ˵鱾

᲻˵һȻǸϻľǴ˴˽ϣ֣ˣǿȨΪۻֲκηԡһۿȥȷʵ̫ƽӺڣܵеһȻµǵ·Ŀ.ѹȵ˶ڵȴһ˿϶ǰĶӳԽڵԼѵʱ򣬺ܿ£ˣڴƵʾ

֪ģһĶȥ֮󣬴ܴ̼ԽѪᣬһʱ°ͼ󣬶ǽһĶļʧܣҲǡӦˡ

ϣúõģҪˡ

˼ȻΪʲôԸˮгľ룬ûӦĵز

ңĺӡǰӱɱӰûȫ

ûУʡ

˼ֱЩҵؿ϶ûСֻϣ㲻ҪС

Ѿϵòòѣ飬ӦΪİʾɶ鰡

ǣһԣĥƵĵ˸°Ͱ˵˼̫ˣҼȻΪȻڴܵûʵֻۣǱϳƲһƩԭһȺһȺĲǡ๷ûµĸҲµľպҪȥģһͳ֮󣬶ԺȻ

СһҰĻ治С

˼һѾͷܵǹˡģֵķǿ˵ҾöǺõġ

ͣһ£Ц˵ǣҶģȴҡȻڴ졣

촽ƫִŸվ˼첻ܿ챻ͻƷߡ

ѾűŵϣèƵģ·ն»飬ͷ˿ܹ

֬ɫϲģԶû˺ѣֻ˻ǽ޵ķ۵װӳӨѩļ

һ˼۾һֵζͣӣˣϽ˵أ

Ц֣·ֿ½ָⶺŪӣң˳ĶǸ£ֱϵȹӵ

ҪҪƻϢߡ

Ҫ˼˵

Сӭܡ޳ܵ˵ԻţҸҴģأ

ĸ㡭

ģģڡ

˼ûѹȸУشڴΪԼ÷ˣ˵ģģûеõ

ǣҲܽѽŮɼҵӻҪҪˣ

˼ڡͻȻתֱƵϡ

ĴӱѹסȺϢߣ˫̽ϵϰ

˼ѹöãΨֻܻعͷʣ˵ұʲô˼ѽ

С˵ǽڣǷһٷǵ𣿡

˼쬵ģȺһʱŵüƤˡ

Ҫʲô


 57 
㰡Ц˵

˼ùǺ, ˵, , ҪǿҲû취, ûˣҳžǡ
ҧסӣһ׸ģ

Ŀ۾ģ͵Цһ£ֻһһᣬյĽ޺ɫѩ׵ļ, һһڵʿˮ
һֿ֫Ҷϰȥ, ߱ߴ˵˵᲻õһָͷ, ǲšֻ뻻

˼˸͸, ϧѾ, ͷ, ߾͸ˣϢд., ֽĳռã¶, Ҳ˼ʹӺ漷ȥ
ǻʩĽ죬ǧ಻ΥοոһǺ.Ūˮû˿ϰ˳˳͹Եأռĵ̡

ʹͷŲϳ
ǳʵġ󻬣ֽ£ڰԽòУϲòС

˼ȻЩ߷ߣϧĹռܿһصĿ⣬׵䡣׺ߣҧ촽о.Ҫڴˣſҧסǰı죬ǻܿƣһһ˱ӵԽͳˣֱеСǵ

ʱڴ˿̺ѱֻ֪飬ֲͣͣɿ˺䤱عϣشϢ
Ŀ飬ֱ︧οšȻո۸ģĪؾһǡߡһĸ첲һӴӺͷסʪĺӣЦ˵ĶȥӲˡ

˼İ˯ȥǴǵһֱͷƣԺ˺ܶΣЩͷۣҲǲԼμʲô
ӱɿ׼ѲӾӪӰ

Ļ۾ģЦһ˵˾˯һ˯ҲҪӪˣʱ·ϱ࣬ڻפţú

˼Ҳȷʵ룬ͷֵ˯ˡЦݽ轩Ӳ˯ѼЩɻ󣬷˸ϱʲôţͳһңʱְˣǸڶϡ

ĵͷһ˿˿Цʱʧˡ
УľʿڲȪһ׳ɢӪ죬ɵɵľǡ

Զʰ쵵ĳϼߵ˵һ飬ԼҡԼߵýУûһСԽġŪݾߡ

ɫɻͼŤŵĶߡ

ϣӵŵ˼ߣòС
ҹñѹµ첲ʹҪ¾ֻܣԼϽ˯š˯˯ʱ߽Ǽж־ԽԽߣ

ʱסˣ֣ûһŮж֡
не˭ΪôкͿ־壿
Ժвɾͺ˼ֱû˯š

ɶʲô鶼˳ۣоֻңɱӺʮȪ׳˵ҾУҪġҸޣûԼݣֻǱʡ˵޲̶׹ػҷĻ͸ҰƤԯŸһţ

ͷıͺ۾һЩ

ʵľǺϢ
͹Ѿ˳˵ָҵȻͥķ
ĵļֳңԸЭôں
µİţȻһܣ͵͵ǰȪ£̡

Ĵȹټ£˳ǲܴҵġ

λȻΪ̴̴ڣϹͻüĿɭȻһ֮ͽģ߽оʣֻູһʮˣһ£ȾͿ֡ԭ̴̴Ҫйݣ˿ֻ˫۽ǰϹ񣬽ɺ

ĵƮײһ˿ŭݣ̴̴̧ͷһЦֵ̧ˮˣ˵Ͼƣ

;¶ǣ̴̴ɷ˲٣ʼ󵹿ˮ޷ĳȻôռˮïɽôЩţôб޵һսнӳ׵ܵԴʯɱ
žƱҡͷູİںŮΪܳ裬˵ƽ˵ľƣĵƣԾͳȫպ󻹴Ӻδ棿

һǰɣЩƣʵأǰƿˮɺģֻҪֵܡͺںһ

̴̴һĴȣѽ࣬ɺɵ＾ڵʱһƣѹ߳.˯Ŵ󺹵Ĳԩû͵Դϧǻ֦ҲƵĲһԴڴ󺹴ȥ˭ˡ

ںĶҲ師ˣ˼ƽϣǰΪ̴̴һ̾ƣȻ˵αĿ࣡޵ǡ

̴̴ĿңȻϡ

ָָͷһȪ䣬ȸáռ԰ˮΧסȻɽͦ嫺ȫĺԮ
ֻǣ¶˵Ǹ⣬Ҳֱӳ棬ҵĸ׻ںܱƵǽȻͥռǵūҲ˲ܳɣ㵱ȻΪףټ

̴̴Ź⣬ͷ˵ɺȻǸˬˣһŮɷ˻ûļޣҹɣŮ󺹣

Ŀ˿̴̴ųһĵŮܵģ͵͵ʿˮݵϷи˲ЦãҲйѾӵӹ³֮㣡
ҪԼŮֻһûŶ

̴̴ƶӢٱںȻƽҲʧΪ߳޼ҵŮò̫ǺĴʱ档
õģʱӹҵĿɶأĵһЦҪ뱱ɺҸСæ

˵

̴̴ЩߣԽˣһ·ˮҰ֪£ȫߵɽ·ǸòˡɺûŮйй𣿡

㶣ԼеŮˣĽҲֻʣŵĵԼŮˡЩ̴̴ܸ˼֪⣿
ܵУ޽˵ȪЩƯŮɸ㡣ãһЪ

̴̴ֻ֪̼ӣ˲࣬ҸĶУɹӶҪˡ

ִȥľȪ׳ǰ˱޴ʮľʾڣȶѪܵġЦѱֻܴɱȻ˸ˣã

̴̴ѪҲű˷ܣЦõģںҪԺξҲᣡ
һƳۣͻȻһͷһ޵ӰӣӰӴҲƮĿ⣬ת˲ȥˡ

̴̴ſڽ࣬һ˵˵ûŮˣԶЦˣҲŮ˵ģαƭң

ĵȻҲƮɵ½ǣѾ嵽ȥˡǿԶ̴̴ЦҵŮˣûѱãȥõѵǡѾ˵ȪȥҪˣˮ԰꣬һͽ⡣

̴̴ＱＱģĽߵĽ̴ȥ´ϢȺ
ˣҲüģӼ׸һǣ˦ͷŵĳbшǳոͷߡ

֬ɫ½Ƿ·ҲƵģҴˣèèƵת®εֲˡ

ҧʲô˭

˼ԾҶˣС̽Ƴɫһ˵Ҿˡ

ˡӼϵáꡱѹͺ˵

˼û

ЦõúܡڣתҪߡ

ȵȣ˼˵ֳȥҼǶ

ͣ²ӣȻתضЦƤޣн˷ķӡ

ôһϦֱ֮˼ǿһȹ߹ȥһͽŵ˰벽

ʱ򣬶ĴƨʲôģСͽ䣬ǸµĵŪȫû飬ţѹʣʲô

˼Ʋͽôֻܹǽ

Ҫ͸͸Ըġ˵һ͵У

˼ڵŭ˼Ѳ֪ˡڿԻȥˣ

Уļ󣬡Ҳѡ˵ʲô

˼ˣŭɫЦͷôȻĺ¡ǿôѪܵعţⲻ֪ʾҪʲô

ЦʾֻɱӺЩҷƣ
ĵĶ˿ûףȴֲἰǸԽݾߣֻҪŭҪǨٲе֮ŭ
ŤͷߵԸھпڳԵ⼸Ȫ׳ʾڣ

֪Ƣ˵Ͱ͵ʹһ٣ȴЩ˵ùѲһ

˼ЩԹԣ㶼˵ôѵһˣ㲻ãصɱͲֳ䣿

ҧЦʲôЩ˲áбޣе޿η塣ҽ鲻ãҪԴ棬ô

˼£ҲɱʣȴҶģǸ壡

廹ôĶݺ⼸֣ȻŤͷ˵Щˣɱ


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, , ˼ԶԶƼʿڽľդϵŵ, Ȼһ޴Ūԯŵλá
ĵͷԼǯƵĵ˼, Цȥ

˼ãѲֱޣصͷϿԯŵķǱ϶ˣţαߵᡣ

ʱãµģﰲ, ¶ƿСҲ֪֮Ҳ̫֡
˶, Ҳ, ˵˾䡰Ͳɡ, һ˫, ̲סͷ

ܿԯ罦ĸ߸ߵѪ, ˼ֻЩʿѪ˷ܵĻ

˼Ｘ͸Ƶ룺, ı죬Щι, 뺺Զ˵ǳ֮飬ôи벻ε֡

ɱɱĶɱˣӪһƬɱصͷʻ˶Ҫɢɢô

˼ɲӭͷЩ˵ͷ­ͱصѪҡͷ
͵ĶޱߣȥϢ

ӭȻˮ̴̴д磬ھȪ֮ɳϣߵó죬ȪǿҪľƺɢ֮µıʿ˷ɵĻᣬԳԺȺȵü֡

ҪˮóԵľͽл¹͵˼
˼һľ⣬ǻ壬е㡢겦ɢŨҵ׷Ͱġ鲻ãûθڳЩĶӰ£ܲ¶ǣƿϡ

ӾȪҪŮˣǸ輿Ӷ࣬źĹĵ㣬˷ĳХżŮӵļУȻĺг
Ҳ˯ţؿһơͷСǣСǡʹӶɫվĲԡǱļƭˣпͷԡ

ңԼӲҲˣΪºӣٽĺΪһĸٻٵһӡ

ͻȻűײˡķ·Щģ·ȻȣΨֻЦԵÿ⣬ţƤŨ̾ƾһأʱһɾ㡣

ϴ衣ԸͷźĻ¹١

ܿ죬Ĵԡ˽ԡˮȺģɢľ
һԸЩ̻æسȥŴϡ

Ľʿ㣬ϺģɢڿУеζ˼ϰϲζ
۾ĵ˼һۣһԡĿţƾˮߡ

ϴˣֿŴƲ˲۴ˮ飬Ȼ߳ܵ齣˼ıһ꣬ûĵطʪġ
ˮݵʪָظһžñӰ£һˡ

˼ŵشԲ۾ı顣

֪Ȼˮס񣬷輧ļԶشѲƵģЩ}ˣҲЩˡ

Ц⶯
Ȼָ۵գЦݱƣҲҪ

ȵȡȵȡ廹û׼ãƾ
ͻȻְһϲ֬죬Ѳ˲䱻ٵˡ
ŻĿ⣬ֱ˺յյ͸

ģģ˼ţˡҲϲ

ϲ֣ͣȴսʣҲҪشԹԻشô㶼ϲԲԣţ
ᣬ·ˣ·ŵƾܲ˵ֵ̽ȹĿӡѲѰɾҲ

ָ廬˫ȼƽȻֱһŪһѸס˫֣һֵָס壬ʣϲϲ𣿡
ҧԼش𣺡ϲҲϲˡ

ֱǰǸˡ
˼Źҧгݵģ֪һʲô£һԼйء

ƽֿǷƽʣģôˣ

ָͣβ˵ֻӫӫ⡣

ú˵𣿡˼˵ҵĴҲŪңҪҪɱҶԽܡǣҲϲڹ

㲻ҳ谮㣬˵ЩĻȻӲǷָĨ·ϣȻ˫ͷ¡

˼ƽһ壬ؿڣ
ؼű⣬ٴġ˼ĸ첲ϵľоҲϾ˵ģҵˣһ֪ô£

Ϊһ߽Ҳ˼ž׳Խ֪ˡⲻƽ
ֻ˵˯ɣ鲻á

˼̾һۻסģҲԸңʲôʱҶϣ̹ϡ

ı۾.ؿڱֱѹţЩԹ˿ƵˣʹڲԸ̹ϣ̬Ȼ紺ţĪνġˣˡ

ڶգȻˣ˼˯ǳˣűЩ̻ؿ
Ļָ糿ģͷǺոӡһǣȻ˵˯ɣҳȥȪ׳Ҫˮߣ⼸컹ԼѵȻҵĴҲɲˡ

ȻڲѲһȦͺȤػصоţԼ̽ڷ磬̽Σ

˻һ֪յԵжûнСԽģòѹṉ̃ڱҲһ飬ҲûнСԽģһϸµԼܼҡСˡ軧ֶһͨźûһСԽġ

صġԽǺηʥ

ջǵģԸôС֡ԽֵĶҳгҲڳڰ˴ظҲ飡

ͷֻΨΨѡ
ǵĻʵۣڴ׸һģڿյоȭͷ˺ܾúܾá

Լ󿪣ˡԱ㣬˯Ȼˮͦ͹ǵع
ĲòԼС˼߳ЩܵЦǰʺˮҹ˯Σ

ˮԲС۾Цһ죬ȧԽˣˬúܣֻŮӲѪڻںۡ԰ѱŮǿ.Ѫ˺Ժ֮ɫԱЦüŶģǸСôûУ

ʱɱ˵ͷӥǹ˵ģ˲ֳȴȻŴǣЦݣԳ˼䣬ˮż򣬶һͬоš

ʮպѵ˸ģľȪ׳ϴϵƤףСھȻʿĳú͹Ĵ߱£뿪̤δ֪ǰ;̡
軨׷𡢽赶ɱˣǶĵһʻ̤̣ңԶѩɽڣããĲԭȻ󱻵ǰȻͥ

ʭ

׹¶Ұ
ǧ޼
һ
֮˳

ɶ߳޶Ķԣô


 59 
Ծǧ, Ȼͥ, Ų, 㲻ֻͨڵ֮ͥ͵͵һ, ֻ֮пԼӦˡ

Ŀŵţ뵽ĸףδ

Ѿżоˣ˯üϼûܺúϴ裬ͲסȦص
ϤİϢ
Ȼ¹ƬССӪС

޵ɳ̧˵˼һ, Ը޵ϴˮ

˼̧ͷƳһۡ
ڵȴϴˮʱ, Ŀתɳ̿

ơ̲סк˼, ڼ, ҺҲѾ۹ˡﻹ, ҿ

˼ֵǡū, ֯澡⿲üȻܻشʶд, ҲǿԴо̣һϲͨġôɳ, ĶĶֲ塣

ĵ֣кһߣĵСǰ̹֪ǼٵĶ̲ס׶

ϲľǱָУϣ̤ʵˣҲöĲ˵һ飺·ʹӾȪΣɽС׷һ˿ƹ·ķ̨ʹȡҪʵ۵СѾ͸ˣֵұƱزҷ졣··ߡ
ָɳϱȻţ˵ͷͷǵӡ˵˼һۣɻؿɳֿ̣ģһдţ

ת˻⣺˼ܻš
˶˵˼Ҷгӣս޲ʤ޲ˣʵԼ֪ԼܻţڣңһʧȲҰ

̾һеԳӣ°͸ڵ˼ļͷҡΡ

˼Ҳ֪˵ʲôܰϾ鱾ѧġ¡ǲսϵġսԽȡ塱ԽӡԽɱɱǸʧܶŪǧ幫ǸƤҽ¡
ֻḧ˸գ°Ĵ̴̵ĺ磬ûúô׵ָкܶء

һ˵ҲˣѾȻͥںҲҰ

˼ʱעֱӾ̾š

Ŀ¶ڴ֪ʲôɫԭҲ˲ʱͦˣôһֱǵСģֱҴôңȻһѱһ˵ҵĲǣ˵Լ᧿ΣΨ˳ȥȴ޴ȥЦŶÿЦҪӡ
˵˵ȻϺȻݵתȻԸ⣬һʱ£ֻͣȻͬˮ𡪡ҲȻİĸŴ·ʰݡҰūƵĻš
ĿЦ˵žͺá

Ϣûˡ˼ץ仹ڴģʼ򣬡Ҳһһվʹˡ
ĵ˼Ųһ£Ҫϴ衣

ԡˮ¶ˣӴŲľĿһˮһʼңʱͿ޹һݼšȻǸѪ˽ӣ˼лʱҪ˵ԼŮŮĺ޶ʱһ뷽跨ȳŪȻǰںЮĽƣϾ鲻㣬ܻסǧԭȴһܳ£ǰȻӦ

ÿһڶƾ׼ˣδûгӵʱ
ңĵǡ

ͻȻоͷᴥţ۾һ£оΪఴֻӱܿ

˯ԡѽ˼𣬡ҸɣѾůˣ˯ƽ

Ȼ۾ǿãȻǰ㸡ı§ˣﾹȻһûУֻʱĸ׵Ļȫůпɾͳ˯ȥ

εʱ򣬾ȪǱΧͰƵģҲ棬ҲԼ˻޹ס
ı߾ĵطһͰƵĳǳڱ࣬ơڳգȻѵԼ˰ڳǳر߽һط

ԼҼҿôˣߡĶԵ˼͵ڵЯɽĴֱʣڿຮ֮أӻܹԼҽϸҲȫˣԹ˳˳ţӮˣس̺취á

˵òһ˫û˵ȫ
˼ʣǲǵҲ˳ĵԼҲڴ㷢䣿

ĲЦ˼ı˵ôôأԼ֮ǰںҪû㷢䣬¶Ϊұ˹ﳼպҲˡô¤ƣǧ㣬¶±˵졣

üҿ˼ΪзӶԸ

ǵ˼ƽصͷҲԣ֮ڣڷ˻ţûʲôǳԲġ
һ̽ĻҰ

ĵЦ⽩һ£ȻӲ˵ߡ

дŮӵģ

ôûУķʵɺÿγҪǧŮͬС

˼ɱŭǡ򡯣
첹Ϲʿ.֣ȱˣŮ˼ϸ۵⻹ۡν򡱡ٲ̲Ķ

ⱨӦͷһǴ

ļŭЦˣһ§ģҲ򡯳˵ġô
ָŻֱС

˼žһ֣ǳɫֱ϶ʱۺɫӡӡ

Ŀ˿ԼֱЦݱаƹһıڱߣ˼˳㡪õģԼҼٿ˵ֻһ֮䡣

˼ηӵؿĲʳӥһ۾Ȼ˵ÿһ㣬Լѡ

Ĳ˰벽˵żЩ϶
Ҳ˵㻰ֽ´

ɫбƵҲ.Եˣ־͹ȥˣЦ룬ҪҪø

˵ˣ˫ȱؿסȱܸɬϵ˲䶼еʹһǸµҹֻˣ˼ҧź֮ˮ˫ֲǰȥĲӣ§ĺ󱳣ץ쵥ǹʱһƫϡ

ͣ¶ĿӫӫҹԶĹǡ
źݺݵһһ¼ײϡ

ڱŤʲôݺʡ

˼˵Ҿһֻһˣһһ

ȭͷҪˣֻǿ½ֻûһܰסȭһķ֮ȭйеϡҡҡҲҡҡ

ոջһǿСŮɣ˿̵ŵýһӡ

û㡣ûأ˳ַһ¼һ£޴󰭣񲻻ƫƫͷĻ¹ʣ󺹣

û£еģĶͷ
ͷֶԵ˼𣺡˶ʲô

ʲôҺòãԼ֪ôո˾˿̲ź֪ί

ӳĵĻˡ
׵˵ոǲŪˣơ

˿˼Ťϣһ˫̵ŤƵġ

ᳶ£ǲҲǿˡһƨϣϥ˵Ͳ鲻ôʱʱôô£

˼˵鲻ãҾͺϸñǨŭô
ȫǸ߳߸ƵıູԾǸĸװΣɣ˼̾˿˵Ҫ˵ҾͶˡ֪Ҳģ˵˵ܲŽŽ⣬òã

һµ굽ǻļţƵķаȫС
ʵںǿˣĴ㶼ԺģˣһͲոɶˡ

һԴ˶촽Ҳʼ֣һ˫߮Ἣˣ

˼ţֻĴĸ첲֣֣

˭֣һͻȻֱƤЦģոûأҪ


 60 
ȶ̤Ȼԭʱ, Ѿµʱˡ

ԭһƬһƬطֲȺɽ, Ӳݳ䴩й, ȴǶ, ŵƵı仯ѩɽѩĶٶת˷һˮԴת򣬻ˮֲ㣬ٻһЩţӾ͸ѹ
ԭϵˮݶӣҲס

ĴѾƽ˴ɽۿɼǰͷããĸڣȻˮĲݳ, ڵŵľϢ

ʵصϢҲֲ֪˲һãҾȪȥıûѵ, ںͲԭϵսΪ㡣
, ̰ܻ֪֮֮, ˮ̴̴һȻλͷټ˰, Ԯ, Э췴Ļ, ȻԾԾԡʧˣҲӵÿһЩ, ԼģҲۡ

̴̴ӵĹ̳ԶܿԶһһƵһ㡣
֪ʱˣҷԸԤؼףԮ̴̴

̴̴ƨ˶ĽӦĺˮߣɹڣûѪۺ೾Ƕڶͷ۽ǵɢŵζ
ͦϵӰһʱ̲סᣬߵֱһ˵ǰŧȫ򣡡

ȦһȦϵζΪ뿪ԶЩʣһ˻ʣأ

̴̴˵ʣˡٸɡ඼ˡҲɱЩģ̫ˣ͸Ϊūˡ

ݽ棬Ȼǲںģͺţһˣ˳ˡ
̴̴ܵʣ㲻˵ԮںɺȻʤңҲҴͦҵģ԰ˮǧ񶼸չˣƥţɢӡЭ׷һ£ָҷΪʤأ

һֱ΢Цϵõúܣ»жָܹӣ

̴̴ԥһ˵ǧɣɢڸʮ򡣡

Ĳײ΢΢һЦͷ˵ãټΪٷĸĸ߳ɺҵĶ·Ҳ쵽ɽˣܽк޴ӣ

̴̴ϲãͷ
մմϲģ֪ԼѾ˶ĵǰ֮ǡ

ʿ̴̴ǧȫɢĲ£ָֻӡ

̴̴ʱԾڶѾæ޵ʱſڴ̴̴ִУҪǴູܼ

ŵ˼ޣδһۣؿڳ¶ŶûüԶſڵ̴̴˵ôˣ

̴̴ֻ°ͣ˿ͷһ㲻ѷູҵǸҵģôൽĶȥˣ

ЦǧˣҵĴһƵģҲŲϡءֻ㲻˵ξʹоǴɳۣ׷ĶĶҪбÿһҪòС㿴ǧ˽Ҳ̣ˣΪʹãӮһ㵱ȻԼ˻㡪˵ʱ㻹ںǧô

̴̴ޱҲ֪թĻš
ţǧ٣㲻ںΨʣıǮˡɣûң
ⲻôǧ˹ˣҲ͹˶һˣ

ļ⡢ģ뼷źԼۡͷ˼ѾѵòƬƣڱҲ
ʱһȭͷȥ̴̴Զˣü

̴̴Ȼ䣬һ²վӣʱüֱͶĴһܡȻ۽ǵĵѾΧ˹ŵȭͷŵļƲɵطˣţǸǲǺúúõģ

ЦǺѽҲС
ƳƳǣЦɶְˮȾȥ
ӣ̲סֶһ䣺ˮϴҲõġ

ˮ̴̴ԼĳԺˡԼʹ󺹺ɴһ̣ںͺɹͶϴҲˣֻİڲռҪպֻǸܣû
֪Ѿˣڲ䲻УҪ䣬òȹԹԵغλԼ˵лããԭӳһ

̴̴¶һѿĿЦõġõġôĻԼ

ǳ鴤һ£˿̴̴ûӲŵʱҪĸװȻļ嶼ҪͬʱЧಹ̨Ц˵Ȼ

̴̴ҰοЦһЦ̾˿Щˡ

صŴͷźãŽ⿪۹ڰϣˮϴ֣ϣ˼ţſ̴̴֪ûϴˣһ£Ұ졣

ȻɢŵĳζʱݳŮһ컻Ѭ㶼
˼˵һܰѬôʡŵˮգõģضǸڣһӡϪҪôıˮƫֽ󣬺ˮϪˮҪθɾ˲ſãԵġȵġˢϴģÿϴϴ֡巢ϴ衭̣ˮ

ЦҺôǸ󺹣Ǻ˵ӡʵۡûʯˮˢûջҲûʮĲϽûں󹬻ʮ֬ǮôõˮҪ߶

ϳ֮ʢⲻҲҹ֡ôһȣȷʵǸʡĵˡ
˼ֻЦЦ˵ˣҲ˵ˡ

ȥл˵ƫ򰵣ҵŮҿ뵱һģںء

˼ֺ˵

úָָܽ¶ĴƬǳɫס

˼ֻһ¡һȫѹȥˡ

Դӵ˹Ĳԭ͸ڣĵƺ֮ǰöˡ˼ظоĳ̲ûгװγ˶֮䣬ԭȵɪеʧġ
ˣǴǿƣ֮ųŪʱײúˣ˷Ͳܲˣļ˵Ҳϴ̴̴ĸŮ

˼ļ£Ҫʹʲô̶ȣŻᷢļУƿաƫ˷ܡ

ֻ̧ͷڶļͷݺһڣҧһɪɻĿƮ˵ôУ

Ƭ̣ȻҧЦģҲںôôһںҪúһ͡
һѽšѣšƺŻ̬·ҪһϴǰƵģÿζҪŪ죬񲻾ۣĵ˼۵òУսսֻϽ¶ϣļͷͶЦⲻ⣿

ҲЩ顣о룬ԭһûС
˼ܵصͷǺһͷԵͷϡ

İöͷһһֽӵĺĸԸط
˼ԝҪ˯Լȴ˷ţ̲סҪ˵̴̴Ҳ߷һ֧Ѿˮ죬ûлͷ·ˡҸ׼ȻõĴ졢ڷǰͥˣȻɱȻ֣ɺ̸̴̴Ұ
żɹ˷ܣ˵òã

˼۵Ժģʵڲãͷ˵á

ЦԣѾûк³ġ

˼۾ͻȻһͬĳԽ

ûк³
ûк³

ΰٿȻţԽ


 61 
ڶ, ˼ѹʱ, оͷ, ķ϶ﶼ͸⡣ȴû뿪ֻɳ̰, пվڿ

˼ĿһۣȻЦʵʲôجˣͷʪ˰ɣ

˼ͷЩͷЩ㷣Щ̻󣬺һЩĹ˺£֮ȥʵ༴جΡ
, ֻҡҡͷǵˣ㼴̾ҪǰȻͥɱˣĶǸѪܵΰɣ

Ĺ, Ц΢΢ģȴëȻ, ֪ﲻԾ, ϶вԾĵط
ġ˼

ȴһͷܿѯĿ, һ԰ŵ˵С, Էɡ㲻ҵˡ

ԭڵһԡ
˼ϴ, ͷʱͭ顪ոնԵؿͷڿɳ, ۾񣬷·Ĵս֮⣬¶ûȤڣ۾Ȼ̧ͷޱ飬ԵӥһĿضıӰڿͻȻúëֱëȻ

ǵ˼ýΣͷʱĵȻͣɳϣ·ûŲƹ̧ͷЦѽֵ˼˵Ůɼױʱ㿴˸ͷҶöӡˣ

ԭϵǼε̲裬⣬󷹡

԰ɡԼʳǰࡱں̧ͷ˼ǰû˵֪㲻ϰߣҪԵ㣬㿴Խϸӵˣ϶һʹͰСˡ

ŮɵϸƣһڣһС󷹳ˡ

£ҪԵѽ˵ƨɴ㿴ͷƨɶûˣôޣ
⻰̫³ֱף˼Ҫӵ˼ְƤЦúãݾݰɣ۲̸ޡҽ׼˰ĢԭóԵʳûģΨĢ˼ζܽθоһ¡

װӱǸӣڵɾı

˼ֳ˼ڣʣǲ⼸Ϊս·ģ

Ĵһ̧ͷЦȻġ˵ϸڶıˣϾҰ΢ﲻԾûкҩˡӣȫע롣
ڳԽ˵£ȻȻȳ֮ƽϡԼ

ҧţ±ߣͷǴ

˼һ˵Ķⳤģ㵣̫ģʱҰĸӡѪԵ֮ⶫʱЦǴɢϡ

һδӺ̧ͷСӥһĿ⣺ǺТ˶ٿ㷴ǡЦ

˼˵˳ԣТαƵˣû

Ц⻰Ұˡ

Ҫ֣˼˵ء

ͣ˿ӣ·˼û̧ͷ˼ǸӷذǷһյ̲һ⡣

ôķ˼ʵڳԲ꣬ǳǳһȥ;öװשһӲġʵڳԲˡ΢΢ü죬Զ˵

Ц̾˿ʱǾ̣
ƽôһʵۣȻȻֽӹʣ֭⽴ࡱˣǰԵǵ˼屶ֹ

Ա㣬£ڱbшô࣬ȫ˾ļ飬̶һ꣬ȫϴ˵ģ޳׳ȴԵôֺ³çеĲԼһղƽʱﱧ˼ʱƮƮͺͱһ˿һ㡣

մرصļпԴõķ˼ʱ˵ƽǲǶл¹ź㴩£һ˲㴩Ļ㡣
ȥ

Ҳ˵Цһ鱳ļװ壬һƣͰѼƬҵˡ
ۼֿסЦһʮⲻúóԷСôö˽ֺͷ

Ŀ֮ж㣬Ŭص˵ͷҲֻǿ׵ĶͷȻͷ˵ϵϵӾͺá
ͣû취ȥҪеģʸΨײõĵٲܵŲȻָӲǧġ

ġ˿̣˼ͷҲǧͷȴ֪һ˵źáԭ¡ȴ޷ڣһ̫ĪҲ޷ֱԼģ֪Լûԭ

ƿųȥˡ
＾ԭٵ⣬ǹâ˼ĿģһխӰ
ȱôŵҲô

˼µʱ򣬱ߴ壬߶飬Ժоͻߺ˼롣
ղ֪ǲΪᵽ˼ҲԼĸĸ

뿪Ƴǵǰ죬ĸȥġ
ТľңŮչмңƳǵĶǣĵͰΧһĴԺ䡣¼ٿˣʱס¤ȻܱȣǿŶѡ

˼żĻ𿻺̿Ȼĸ뻰
ĸʣ󺹶ǲǴֱúܣ

˼Щҡҡͷ廹ðɣƢǶһ㣬Ҳ

ͦϲġĸ׵̾Ƿʱ򣬲ǻǼ̸Ǹ˼ңʱСȻСȵǴᵽͷͽģһ㰢˵޸̫檣ƸΪޣ˼Ǹã

Ĵȣ̾ţ㰢ǸϹŰ壬Ǹ֮Ҳ¤Լң¤Ļҵʿ϶ʱסûǨ㣬ΪľʿһôΪֺú˵ľȻϰŮ޸檣Ḭ̄ͼŮ㸻󣿡

㸸׺ǣúӶˡָңΪ϶ɵǾйˣҴŮʸϵĻ忴ˣȫңʱȨѹ㣬Ƕһʱл֮ҵʱĸüβˣĸ׸пţ˵ҲԹǷҾ϶ɵ˸Ĵ󻧻ܼ˵һһ˵ˡ
ĨĨˮһ˵ݣһġ

˼ʱЩŶõáأҲûԸⲻԸ⣬ͼ޸ѵҵĶɣ͵вŻ˶ˣû˺úҽʵģ

۰Ůһ£Ц㿴㣬Դˣ˵һ㶼ˡ
תֵ㸸ˣҲ⡣ܲƬǺסĵط겻ԭϣʱ߳޼ңҲԭ򡣡

һѾˡϳܣɹڽƻҲϱʦҲãòã˵ġ¾ң˸ݡֻǱغңԶһΡ

ԭɱ¾̫ˡδ塣ҡҡͷƵģʱˣԳǻƵ֮ӲصᣬԭĵҢŮɲ壬¹ѫԺҵƶĻҲȤԺҲأûɱǲΪūľֹֻǵ壬ͬġ㰢˵ָϳ޹ףֻϼѣҪΪһϯ֮أ˵ĻᣬֻдȻڱպ֣һʱѰ죬ϴʧΪᡣԡ

ԵŮȡΪ˲뵽Уǵ˼άݵķô׹ͣսͨݻ𵽵֮뷨໥Ӱ죬ѪԵ𽥡ϡ͡ǹ

Լͷϣ˼ﵱȻ鲻ԸǸ׵뷨ûдһ˵

ϵ㰢˵ʯ֮ű޼֮ͣһƷף֮ں巢ǹڵǧ¡˼Ѿǣˣ


 62 
ͻȻ, ͷŽ, , һ𽥱, ں

˼ࡰͻͻֱ̲סűһӣ⿴

ûʲôӱһƿˡȻʲôλεµס˰벽һ
ȻǲǶģŸؿڴ

ɫɱǿЦװͻȻְ, Ȼ˵ոһ֧ȻͻϮõĻᣬҪ˳Ƴ
üͷ, Ǳ, ǲεĹ, Ƭ̺ž˵ﰲȫģǸںʹĮ, 뿪򡪡

вĻû˵, ˼˵Ҳߣҵ

Ƥһ, ·˼ܲŽִһֻصͷ, ԾؒYһϵƤޣ·ҲӸвȻ˲̫࣬ת뿪һԵҲؼף̫죬ˣ˼Ҳԯţսɳ·аߣֻɳƥˡ

ֻһС̡
Ϊͻˡ

˼ʱ̲ס⣬ŽӰ
ԶԶؿһȺˣ·ĿһͬĻҺɫͬѪ۵սףƫǺȺһͻ֮ϡ

Щת۾ˡ
ת۾ͽԯš

ؼ׵ս۵òУһƥ͡˻һ˵ϡİϧظ˸գԸΪսú̷
һʲôԶԶؿ˼ͰǴ
˼Ҳʱſ˳Ѫ֮ܵ⣬ٶЩͷ˶֮࣬˷ܵö졣

һŻתܽ

ĵƬĦͻȻðζӳ£֪ʱѾա
Ը¹ٰжս׺սֺۣҪϴˮȻ߽

˼ˮͷίίСģ
ǰԲλ˵һǳ

кζеѪζǵ˼̲סȹһ˽Ļ

ĵţЩƵģһᱧסļ

⼸ҳҹ¡˼ţͷǰߵãˡ
˼֮࣬ǳˡƽߣԹιҹ¶İ磬ŵĶ·ԭڻĳһ㰮ȫͳɺô󡢺ô

Ŀû˵Ǳıжˡ
ϵζջСһ꣬ļЩյ˼֮ôͽأ

ʵů塣ҹ׷ս֮࣬ȴѪȷۏŨҶǿҡŶûţͻȻŮһ嵽ǰ

ϴˮĻ¹ٶŴԡƿ˰ţͻȻɴģʶӰӣŵøϽ˳ȥһ֨ȻŸˣȻͷϴˮһˮصضһЦ

˼˵ϣײˣϣ΢΢еۡǵñһңָǰļץˡͻȻؿһʹһսԭǱסˣССһб˱÷ӲʹͬȫԽͷһƬԽããƺʷ衣

һΡΡģתֻһߡƬƵķۺ졣
ӣ׵ʺͣظţҪͣʵѾ˵ֻĲ

ѪսдԽˣرУ̧ͷʱ˫۾Ǻ˿һѰĿڴǣһָؽ£ֵŹᴩȥ
ƺ͡˼ûоʹͲʣЩ㡣žǰЦʱ˵ģǳʵģغŪغʼϰͲϰǰ˽.ʱֲʺͲ죬Ϊûнɰˡ

ϼȼƵģҲֵáſڣǰж죬ͷŵжˬխϸ˶ȴǰһعôײŪ˸ҫ۵Ĺâ龧Өڶ⣬ԝһ鱴һҧˮ뵵촽ǻ

ȥ촽˵³˭Цأ㲻˵ͣͣЦ֮ʳŮʥ׿ϵأ
ȻһͣĻһޱ

һսŶĵխҧҲٶƲסΡΡġͬԭ޷ŵģһͷķۺ졣

һů

˯нйġԽůʱðġ

ûǵһΡһ鶯ȴǰͷأĸֽ飬ߣѵΪǸʲôԽ
ʼͻȻһظ˿жж޶

˵ôͱ¶ͱࡪֻܲܽб֪ر
ֻǶʱʼεָ£̧øߣԱʹԼֵ

ġġŤ£δʶΣգ۾˵еˡ

кˮƵˡվ᲻ãŮֻʺĤݣǰԲλġ

ֻܰ룺ԺߣҲҪԽڳŪԾ󻼡

º˶ˮһʪġ˼ͷϣָͷû
ǲŴҹ̣һ̡ĶȻǾȣЦûõĶ䱦Ƶİñӹֻ¶ԴȻֵ̽ƨһѣЦһȣҽǰϴԡˮ˽
ֻһ£ŽѾӵſڱ߶ˡ

ЩغĻ¹ٺոնӣûһµ͹ϴˮ˽ͲϣȻŸһЦ

ȵ˿¶סŹϾͰ˦Ȼѹڱĵ˼ոȥ.ķ۰׼һ飬˵ϴɡ

˼Ŭ̧ӿ˿мͺͺŵһԡ裬һ²˵ϴɡ

ĺ񲻸ˣȻŤһ£ࣿ

˼Цã˭㡣Ҳһء

ᣬЦ㺹졣

˼ϵζǲţɢ˵㡢ǽȻĶζ
šɽӦǡɣ

Ĳɷ˵һͬˮ
˼ڵô˿ûСԡˮůȣϰߵһ£ûչûˡ

ϸϸذϴͷһһڼϲȥȥòòɣϴԼһϴһԳҶˣȻӣ

˼ʱÿЦ֧ЦһǴʤ˰ɣ

ȻСǽ˵һ֧̽ʵĶ飬ѽΪ׷ȥ̽Ȼ԰ˮϳڣҲ֪ϤͥĶ򡪡ǸΪ׿˵ʵȻС٣Ҹ˺ͣͶ˵ϢҲⲻӲģȻǶԴ˶䡣ˣһȻҵġ

ûʼ˵˼Ŷ䣺ҲҪ϶ˣ

ԶҳЦ㵱治Ⱑ

˼粻ΪصСкʦһֱܵĸɺϴʱЩҵ飬źһŶ࣬ȻܹѧǺˣ

˼ĿӣĵЦˣ·֮˵Ҷˡ

ּˣˣȴæҳԵӣȽϷŪϷŪ˰ɣֲԷҪˮϴ衣˵ѣʵɣȻ¹󷹡̲衢̾ƣˮδƵģԴȵõ˼ĶǸ޵׶

ٴˣѧһ㣬ŶƤö
˼Ҳ̵һЦĻ᣺㿴㣬һ̴ʱһ֮˲ںӡ

ЦںôˣȻ˲ǲںӣ˵ȻǲںӣһҪԸϳ󽫾˵ҲǸĲںӡǭ׳Ȼŷϳ˴󽫾ϡһҪݻݻᡣ

˼ɫ䣬λϳ󽫾ؾҵĶϱΨһľˡսǿʤ룬üλ顣
ϳûйڡ˼Ȱ

ζؿϳʲô˰
ĪǸԽ
ζЦݶʱһ˿

˼벻̣¤ԼѾ겻ˣϳҵľ˾˼ң˵Ҳ˴롣⻰Ǵҵġ

Ŷͷ˵ЦƵģ˾˼ң

š

ûճģ

˼͡һЦճģǲУԶݾͲ֪ˡǱ໹ϳδ˵ճ壬뺮ֻҲءҾͲˡ

Ŷ

ı۾룺ǹƳԽǸ֡
ھͲˡĶʻǿѹȥ۾һսԣŪȻɵפӪأһ͸ߥ̴̴ǰȥ̴̴ǧѾǿձˣҪúЩ˹̴̴ʹáεĽʿ¹ҪҪ壬ؼʱҪת̴̴ǹﻹĵ¡

ȴú޴ȥˣΪƣΪʱ̣

ͻȻһȣȻۣȴ˼˵ҡΪ˯ˡ˵ӽƵġ

ĵԲ۾ñ͵˼ֱǲ˼顣
˼Ѿţ˯ɣ˯ɣҿ㶼ˡ

ĲͷĲӰ첻˵˼´ӽҪսصϣôõŮɣβܱǸԽˣ


 63 
֪֪, սʤããԭϵս, Ҫܹ׼ݵҵо, ֱ֣Ƭ, Ȼ޴ӡ
˼ŶĵĶһ·Ϯȷʵڹ޷ģҹͻȻѣĽűһһһָһطԼϿת۾Ͳˡ

ագոפӪӰ, Ƿ࣬ʮƣ²нȻҲѹѹĶ, °ĽƤë㡣

ڿ, ʤĲЦ
, ɱţ֬ζԶŮţһڸӪ, 𱻽ʿϷŪ, ˣŮӶʱͱϽ, Ϳڶ

ֵ˼ȴҪ, ŶҲֵǶ
ſһˣ֪ȻֻǶģʱֵ̧㲻Ҫǰ֣ˣ

ͷĶĪһڣգһ۾ЦԴˣûϷȻŮ²һء
ǰضֶţЦ˵иôõġֲɵֳɵĺõĲҪҪЩҲƭˣǸ޵ӣټ̣պϡ

˼ִػ׽һĸҪĴףͷһȺҰƵġ
˵ţ֪䴫ŮӵļУȻһһ

һЦʱŮ˵

˼ôãѧ˲ʱˣ˿˵ҪҵӣҼţ򣬶㡣ˣֻһ𡣡

㶣ЦЦͷ˵һ㲻ءǴʲôʱѧʱ

꣬Ůڼ籬Ƶ˵㣬ҸţҲ뱻

˼ͱͱģҪһŮ㲻ڵʱ̫ˡ

ҪŮȻȥҪ˼ԡ
Ĺ˵ȻŮӿɲ񺺼Ůϸģɴֺ

˵꣬ﴫơžǡˡһһƺߡ
˼Ĳرͬĺ͸ͬܵıУʱץŶĵҡˣֺֺҶںġ

۾һƺǲǸûһЩ⡣ûгڣֻЦЦ˵û취תӪ

꣬ǸŮӵļУ̤˽һĴ³קǸŮӵͷϴģУ˸ͷôõﶼ̺ûˤˡ
ŮֵģġˢƤ޴£ʱŭ߳Ҳô㣿Ҫô㣿Ƶ˼Ȼ˵ͷλȱȣҪô㣿

Ůͷɢң׵ģںļԲ۾ƽ֮ˣѾһһġŸոΪҪôݺһ·һ·˿Ȼһ飬ϸˣﷴʹѪĸ첲ߴﹾࡱֻˡ

˼ȥ˿Ůӣ˶һۣȥȡҩ
öʱ˵ǱŤǿ˼䰲οŮӡŮӸҵˮҲˣ죬ŵ˼ͷ

ĶȻŮ˵ˣãɶؿ㣬ú÷ܻȥ˵޻ȥڵͷȥ
ͷ˵Ǹ˩ϣٸëձº

ͺҵ̶ͬʵŮūҪźˣû˵ϵġ

˼ʣԭô䣬ô˩ͷ˯

İŴϣЦΪҲϲѽ˩ţһûʶҹˣݸҿǽɱģǲô㿴иˣһǵСء

˼ˣ㲻裬ڣǵлİɣ
˵ʲôﴫŮӵĿ޽С

˵ǰ˵ˣ²ŮƣҺЩŮΪˣҪµѾߣҲòô࣬أҲﻵˣ
Ȳ˵ġ˵ΪսʲôӣԭȺȺ˭˭ͱԸĨףвͨġ

˼˵еǴͷ˵飬ΪۻһˣȻƱûʱⳤģȴҲǵϲŭ֡ϵġ

ĴȱĺЦ˸޽ǣȻЦ˵ҵĿ꣬ǧնܸģοЩһˣ

˼ؿһ˵Ҷ˯ɡ

ı.ֽ˼ػӦǣͻȻڼ϶һ䣺ԿࡣҾԼҲһֻϣֻأֿУʼ֤Լ˽΢

ͣǣһø·ܵһ㡣

˼ͻȻûжյЩɶ˶
ĵƵش˼һˡ

˭

ǰû˵׵ˣȴ˵Ժ˵ɡ
ûɿıֻشٵĺ˺ܾúܾòȾһҹô򵥵˯ȥ

ڶգŵϢˣ
Ķ·̴̴·ѾԼϵĸ߳лȻܲסˣǰ顣

Ȼʹһ˶ıݣ͸оޱȵѹ֡
ԭҰϵȻȻ²ȺűһȦǸ߸ߵľҵͷʳդŵţ⡢̫֡ʿǳ÷ĶǼԲ䡢ʯ󣬺ʱٴһ

ȵоӪ󿪵ȣ̵óĺձ̺ͷһλߴ͵ĵԶҲ䣬ߺѾʹ˹

ʹսսشԽõܳɵĳȣͷŵķзλεչ⣬ӪͷſĵģһۣپѹȸУʹͷһ
ͷЦһǵǽһ̡
ʹûӦϥﱻһţŲס͹ˡ

裬ʹҲòˡ֮ˣôǩģ

ʣ°

ʹһע˿̣ҲõĶעٲҧҧ׳ί˼䣬͵ֱˣɺһ·ƣǿɺΪ⡣ѵɺ͵İͰô

Ѽһ£гЦӴвңҰƤҪͶңҰǱ°ߵġǺɺô㣿ɱҰﱨҽ¶

ʹͨ·һھͰѻ˵ˡ˵ˣæҡ֣Ц⻰˵ģ̫ǿֻͣǵдܣĸ˿ĲȻ󺹲˱̫Ҳ壬ֻĹϵ

Щģɢһ˫˵ֻͥˮ˵׼ҵĸںŰﲻޣʸ

ʹһ߿ˮ˵һģŴ󺹵Ҿҡ˵ö֮ǧҪҪĻƭˣ

ѾоλʹƤ࣬ѾˣҲظ乭̸ֱˣ˼򵥣ҰҰɣˣˮͷҽӵˣ˱ʳԡʵڲϡ
һЦҲںˣءţūҲˡ

ʹ۾գðһͷֻܻһˡ̫ԡ

ЦȻǿںϧһССҵľŮŮͲҪһˡ


 64 
ǰϲ, ܱ¶Լϲŭ, ܽ˴⵽, Զϻһͷģü˵ǴںʲôأҸ, Ǵˣˡ

ʹæͷᡣ
ѹ˵󺹣˴˻ЩذɡǴ۰Ů޸ˣĸ׻ƽĹҪʲôʲôҪںһͷʲôأ

ãɣߣ
ţȴؿܲԸģ˵̫ͻأҾͰ㴦̴̴, 䲻Ȼ̴̴԰ˮһ֧Ǵ󺹴ӴʳѰ

ʹ, һ, ӭ̴̴Ĺ١
˼, ؽַ, һ, һַ

ҪԸǸˮ˼ʡ

Ĳͷ˵ҪҰ, ˿϶ˡеԥɱ, ȴʳԣ˵ԴװȥġȻٴε԰ˮǸãã׼ĺҲԲҪһУӵҲĵطԺŻɽﲻʡ

ǹҡǰ£ľᣬⶼò

˼˵ʳԣңһƬĵȴת
ƳһǱؽ˶ٲ˵պ˭ҺıԼˡ

Ĳ˵㲻թ棬ǲԭϵǣġ

˼áͬĿ꣬ѵܹ֮ѵɱͱ޶Ը̴̴ķӣѵ˶Ȼİ֮ıͱ޸ûʵˣ

ļֱĿ࿴һѾ⣬Цһң
ȻȻ˸Ҿ̣ܽ

˼ȻһЦǲԿã󺹿ң

ĶʱһҸôܲͣ϶Ҫ͵ģҪѡ

֣˼˭Ҫ㿴°ôȻŮӣҪȻͣҲúЩ˼Ѿ˵ĸˣǲҪˣδ޵ŮҪ͸µĽ٣ôָ˼ŮҡŪǰƵġ

һüδÿɷ

˼˵ս˲Ϣ䣬ҶǰԴڿΪйҪͣԭҲǣͣ˭˭һȻߣӮֻ֮˵Ͳˡƶȶͣǿڡ
תصԭϣ֪ҪǸĽ򣬸ȶ֣ôһ֧һЩŮǣ˿ڿഫĵ

Цôһƪ£Ұﲻһ

˼ͷþò˵ʵڲˡ

ûӦ

˼Ҳ˺þò˵һ䣺һļµ£ͬŮӵĲףǿʱжôʹ࣬Ϊ˴ǸܲġʹĥһһһοʼجΡ

ĺһ˵롣

šʹͷ˵ûпҲܸоĿһɨӹȥеĻ˵һӾͲסˣǲסʲôأʹǵʹûáһΪѼһֱŪΪҪЭԽ췴ŪףġڵһΪô࣬ȴΪʼš

ڶգȻıʵ۷սڼʿǾҪġȻŮȫԼĸɷߣϾ٣ȷʵпϵ޷ŮӣΪƾʤȢ
ʵ۶ָűʮƥţգЦЩоõģǣǻõȻأǣΪˣͣô⼸նͷܲܰһ

ͷȻЦȻ׶ܰ

ܰȥһģıָָͷȺڲԭһȺһȺرţ׳ޱȡ

ʵ۴ͷڱԣһջϰȻһߴʣʹΪͬȻˣҲԶŴູӰϵؾ

ĶǵĺĹâˣˮ

˼Ѿ˿ļаȹԾú쬵ģż£˵ôо̫һɽòУʫ˵¼ѩȻûѩǡ

յ˼֣ȻСһҲò˼飺ôô䣿Ҫǡͷ룺֪óǧҲǧӡҪһȦ֤Ⱥ
뵽˵˵ʱһСȥﺰ޵ǣϵȫж

ɷ˵˼ȫֻܱܡ
ĵһƥĺһŰë۾ִԸִ˳ǣһŮӹֻһǣͼѱվò

˼żҾӵȹӣСаխ̵ģ㵱İһֱ̧͵ϣһİˣҶȫϤԵӣһҡֻգ˵ԡֹԹԲˡ
ţҲһӣе㼷һ𡣵˼ñиС¯һůůġĵȥץֻ֣ѽҪշ㳯֪Ҫת㳯ңҲָӳҡ

ŵ˼һԣСŮɼ֡Цӿ˦һ£Ʒģʱ˼٣ƽһأּһץֻǰͷſգ̲סȥץס

ĳЦ̫ûˡְƨһ£һ죬ͨԵһЩԭ׳ĵطȥ

ٶȽ˼ûôˡȻŶĵĴ󲿶о󲿷ʱֻܴĴͷ涼ˣҲһפǽһĶȥˣ󲿷ʱ䶼СܵĽ͹ƾǡۡ͵סӣ顢̴壬Դʱ䡣
죬߸ߵϣȫһġ

գ޴¡һƮ棬ʱʱһֻӥ߿ԭһƽ羵ɽкӣġΪ̫ˣЩɽֻ׳һѣ׾죻ЩɫĺӣһڵϣԶ·һ
ݵѾʼƣҰͲȻͷ׵ظ߸߰ͷɫһԭҰʱʱһЩϲ

Զɽ嶥ѩ˿Ϧ£ɽ϶嶥ۺ죬ůڵ졢˵ϼӳҲ仯ɫڲݴԼ糤Ľ𲯡

ʡ

˼Ѿˡԭɽӵģ

ҵŮˣҪѧЦ˵˫·ŵϣ˵ֱ̫ƨȣҪģӣҪе㡣ӲҪĶȻƨϵƤĥˡûλֳ̧ƨɣȻȻģûô˲һ

ôҪ죬˼ڽţôѧû᣿ֱġʦβûʹ˵ѧˡҲѧˡ

ʹùˣں溬ĶЦ棬ѧôŬҪһƤأ

˼˵Ҫȥ

εġʦֻ˵ðɣҲˡʣǿӱ޻ȥλȥ羰

ȥ

һ·ǿꡣͷѲӡԡ̣翴ˣ˿̿ıӰǾ÷Ȥֽߣںͷᱡĺ˱һƬһƬ컨ꡣ

ӪʣѾˣһ·ĲѾЩ̲סˣҴҳЩʳ˼òͣ˵㷹Ҽȥˡ

˼Ƴһۣ˵ʳԣ

İ仰ҭȥֻƳԷ

׳ˣҪµŮ飬ϲӣʰʳ˳ȥ

Ҫˮϴ裬Ȼѵ˼˵ϣЦ˵ƣƤĥûУֽȹ

ûСٲҲסһͱʸɾˡ˼šѣ˵Ǳúۣʦ̲ˬֻ򣡡

ĿϼۺָӡЦű˵Ҹûþ̫ˣ򡣡
ζȥ˵ͿʼˡҰűԱ߸ﲻԣһӡĸʦסϾǺһһı޺ۣҿޣ˻ȥҪ졣㣬ʲô

˼ƮЦквѽҰǴңҲҺðõİĪˣ

һֶׯ˵£һǵˮ©ˡԶʱһԭĸ׵ģ
ŬΪ˾ȻĸףڰѾһƲҪˡֻΣ㷡

˼˵Ǵ绯ȽϺðɣ
СѾЦŴչַȡ


 65 
Ǵꣿļ, ƫ, ʱ˾ػˡ

˼׵ò, Ц˵¶磬ӦĲ, ˣ

ĺһŤ˼¡ǴҲĥƵĶŤġ

Щأ˼˵

ҲۣҲۣ̫ܵ١˼ڲԣļʹһѣ, ۿҪˡ

ˣļæˣװԼղû˵
ÿ
ϴľܡһװ, ǲҷ, ֻظࡣ

˵, Ҳ

ͣʣô˵ˣ

˼˵˭˵ѡģ

ԭ⡣
Ĳɡ͡һЦ, ɿ˵ô˵һ棿棿

档ԥƬ˵

ıһ, ˵λþ͵ˡ˶Цǰûϰú, Ҳõġ

˼ϣ̹һɰɫ, ˵ɲִңϡ

գԥ˲䣬ģţǸԼֱˣԸҲ⣬οԱ߻Ľֵؽⱡ˿ƮƮġ
Ц㻹ϲ⻨õģǡ
ŬŬﻹҵıӣҪҪã

˼ǺƤޣﻹЩһӶˡ
⵹ء˵˫ϣȻƵػЦӣ̲סҧһСڡ

˺һ󣬶Ĳ֪ԭŮʹԭĻٻذŪ𣬵ŴŴ˵һû׼ðǲġ

ץǿϣֱţϱѹţǿϲˣƷ˶֣Ȼû취
ҧ˵Ҫ׼ãͰҷſź㣡

˼Цû֦Ҳúͮͮһ£G˵Ҫ㻰أ㿴㣬ＱＱġ㱻סҾòɡٻǿסңҶŪˣҾͺô

С̵ɫҪ
Ȼʱ̫ѧȰѧᡰʩˡԣҲԡͷдס

ԽͲˣǣĥһڽ⡣
Դ뿪¤ǧˣ˶٣һ۵˫ȴ£ͷڱϴ

ýֺͷֻأ

˼˵ͷŻۣһͿˡ

һʧЦԼǰƬ̵ԥС֮ĶȾ֮ˣȱôŪֲúøҲǹǺģҪһ£ߴٯĻģˡ
ûκΣָȣԺ󲻺ְϷˣǹҵİɣҼƷһ˵һ˵ҲģֻôһСոնҲûQáŻǷԵ٣ԺҪԵ㡣

̵𾢣ͷ¹󺹣ˮڵأʲôʱ

мҪû졪ֻŮˣ¶ˣҪǸ֪һٱһǸ˵ҶˣҪ̴̴ģû뱻һˡ

˼һţأ˭㣡˵Ļ

ǵءıߴ·˵ҲǲͶҽˣΪѻΪͻȻסˡ

˼תʲôû˵

ԼʧһЦҲ㣬֪Ҫ⣬ǴŮģʵڲŮϴϴۡ

˼Цллĺˣ˼ʵģɹҲˣһ֮Щ󹬣
ллرأζ෴

Դ׵Сӽжĸϲ䣬־ýɶأͷѳģҲýԳζźá
°˵˵ҲǡЦһǰһأȻƿͷȥˡ

ͷǶ̷͵յˮ㹩ͷϴģСѾͷͷһͼװû

̴̴һ·Ѿ˳ԾŮ׼ûϵӪȴǰһ̴̴߹һεƯŮɣһԲףƯĲġƤһ̧Ŀģһʮİһխӹǽýȣظ֫ϸǸԭˡ

̴̴´ԼŮɫɵЦˣŮ˵棬Ǵ󺹣ķ

ĵֱ׻ˣڰ˵ֻûһƲء

̴̴ЦҪʲô֣̾һȣɱţЩţѪӣҹ˯˵
ֺǳŮ棬ôأź󺹵ȥ

Ů«ƵĺΣһƷġ
ľؿǾƣЦһƣս֮ʣҲȾƣ˯ŮˡЩ¶ɢҵע

ӣתԸ˵˼ʲô
̴̴ѵ˵ʲô

ʱ壬˴ͨġ˵ǣ϶Ů˵ζûգ컹ûʡѣ
ѵǣ˼˯ŮˣҪܣ

ŮȻǸ֣ҲõѺͳŪɫȻÿ

̴̴ΨʣݣŮȻŪʱŭˣе˵췴㣡ˣҹ£

ǿĴ۾ˮһ֨ؽ¿ۣͷһС׹

Ǽ޹˵Ůɣγ죬ģǾ߱¶һ˿׸ⶼûС
̴̴һȥļʶһ£ûжǷӯǰػΡѵ㡪̴̴һӳϣѶˣ¶ͷ׵ļһˮеĺձӵصϣҧûʡ

ץ̴̴˵ˣȻ޸ңԺҵˣ㲻ܴ򡣡

̴̴ϵϲɫһ

в֪˼ġȻϷҪףԼǰһ˵ɡ

һŤԱȵ˼ˣԼ·ȻϺŵѬζûټ֡ǵζ͵ζĴȻϢĴҲǱеԣһͷҰƵѱǵöһʱ棺һŮڴϣһ

һаʱסˣźһɧ̴̴ƱҪ׳ȥĸ׵ģӵŮҲƱزߵġ

ոյϷҲˡɿЦ˵ԣҵˡ԰·ݵǰ

滹Ĵ۾̧һ£۾еĵûиտʼôˡֻԱܿһ㣬ִ¡

Ŀһ̴̴ۣߣָɳ˵սڼҲû˼һҪıãɹˣȻˣ
޳ָɳ̵ɽˮȵ˵㣬ֻ˼طҴ̽ˣݷˮãǧǺɵϳһ˴ӶϱߵɽؼضˮԴԼõĸ߳ڶɧȺʱںϻеͥʱҽ׼ǧĸɲݺǣʱ䣬һѻܽš

̴̴ȽоüƲߣ˺ɶԱˣ

һֱԱߣһţ˿ͻȻ죺һѻһգӪضҡ׽ɣ߻׽ˣûϷˣ

ƤͻȻһͫƳ̴̴һ¶Ȼδ仰ܻĻԡ
ıһ򶨣Цڵͷ˱ˣɺļˣǱˣ

̴̴ֺصͷ˵ɲǣճɺ̿ҲҪͷɾװ̾ƺȸʹ죡
ͷǹȻľסĸšЦ˿ϵľ룬Ȼ˵ǽղܺȾơ

̴̴ͷ˵ǣճܷͿ

б۾ֿһ۷Ư棬ааЦģʵҲδɡ˯Ůˣ񡣡
ͷӷ²ĹƯԵźˮ

̴̴Ц¶һڴ޵Ů²ʱ۾ˣˮһһڵʡ

һ棬ڻͷ˵Ӱ㰢үߡ
ϴعЮͷߡ

̴̴ɫǰﻹ˼ЦжԸҲúź󺹡

£ͷʱʹѱ˺ѵġŮӵļ

浽һǰͷʣôأҾϲġ

ɻʲô˼
ûв׵£ⳡսкܶؼϸڲ֪ĵĸ׾ͱɺЮΪʡһ˵ǡǡ˶ĵ֮Ȼ״һһСľͰú̴̴ĹƴˣպͺɺĽ޴˵ˡ

һߴЦûʲô˼ͷһơ

 66 
ԲԲ۾бؿſ, ЩšĽ⿪ͷ, һƹȥ, ˵㰢үճĻ

Ǽյؿڣͷ¶һؽǼ϶ðˮ, һ˵ôҵģҵһλʱʱһҷĻ󲿷ʱһеġ

˰벽ζؿǰ̸ǰһηʲô˼

ȻǾǿı飬ľɿЩѹȸбС, ڣ˵սǸӢ, Ϊʲôҽ޸, ҲĨɷ

۾˵, Ц˭ҪĨɷˡ
, ǱҪȥģҲû, գ۾üͷǰˡԸ, ȴֲаģ˭ϡɣ

ĳţһ, ȻˣԸţȥ̴̴Ӵ˭ҵ£Ҫ˭ͷ

̴̴Ӫ֮ҡͣ²һüЦЦ̴ʹ˸ɫֵˣ涯Ҳˡ˲ʧ
ȻνŵоӪõڶս

صʱѾˣվһһĿȻһϵĺůڣǵ˼ϵ㡣

ŮѾ˯ˣ˿ıڽϣһֻ¶ڱ⣬˯ཱུģëģСŮԼӱߣͷֱӦƿǰḧ˸ཱུգŪһָƶᣬڰŪˡ

˼۾ëȵģʣǲǺˣ

š˵İѾ˺һˡ

˵컹ҪսôעúϢӣһİζζ
ڶ˵æҲû취ʱ÷æ㱧ҲһҪɣ

ѱץŵĺӣɵŵ˼ʣô֪

˼һЦʲôֲĴסȢŮˣɶٺ󹬣ɣֻΪ˵ķݶƭˣҲһ֣ν˼ȻǺüơϲϲǧҵҪʵ֡
Ȼ£˸伹

ĸϽȵ£ļЦԴ

˼ͷһŤ֣ЦǺŮԡʡΪСοʲô׺óԵģ

ĺƤİָϣĵ˵ɶ˼ơ̴̴ŮȻ̴̴ÿö࣬ҲǱֵĳÿЩƤôڣôܺȣʸʹ˼ƣҪԸʹһʹ˼ƵĻ
Сһָϸ֫ϣζ˳ָ⵽ػ

ϵ˼ͷˡʹ˼ơȻǡˡŮɼһƣ°ٳɣ
žһѶĵִԼ򿪡

һӢİ˳ߺӣȻӢˡˡ̵ô˵ҲҲסˣ̧ʱ¡

ָ̧˼ͻعʣʲôأ
ߺߵûҴӣȻЦӣ

ʲôӣߺ˵Ҳ¿˳Ʒҿɲϳĸۺɡٺ˵˵

Цúһ΢΢촽˵𿪲ЦҹİŪѣҪҶ㡣ף˯ɡ

촽һ£ŭʱûˡ
濪˫ӵ˵϶ζ̵ֲˣԺƭҽŮ£檡

ί˵ûƭ㣬ֻҪһ̴̴ٲ÷곡ϷŮ˶ǹǸ̴̴Ů棬Ҳϵζ˵Ҳ˯˱Ůˡ

˼ϵĺ磬Ц곡Ϸͷ곡ϷҲʼɣġ

ʼɣȴе㲻ζϾʼɳԽѾþˡ᲻˯ɺ͸Ƶ˵㲻ðɣ̴̴ÿɳˣŮȴé￪Ľ۾СԲϸ͹͹ðİ

˼ûôʢһʱ֡˰ʱ۵ƤӴܣðȫͰģ˵ô˵˼ŮɼҵģʲôéЦһЦ۾ͱˡ

ĵͷĶͷ˯ӡ˵һ˲䣬ɺȾ˵㲻ʼɰ

ûлӦ

ֻñԼĲԣҲˣʼǺݺһ£û÷ӦֻԼüҾȳ;߰ѳԽڳʱɱ顣

ڶ糿ǵ˼ѵñȶ磬۾ؿ˯̬ȶѹ˻࿴ţðŽԾ㡰͡һЦڿɶ

Ȼش𣺡࿴ۣϾҪսˡ

˼üҶǣ̴̵ָ°Ϻúò˼£ͷ˵Ҳ࿴ۣҪ㡣

¡˵Ҷƺˣ̴̴ǰ棬Ҹںѹ󣬵ȺɽҵĸףҾͰ
һָ촽ϣüЦ㲻ҽˡ

˼ЦŰָŲ׹вġʱٽ£Ҳδ̫ˡǣ㲻ҪͶ˺ľͺá

ץסڴһ£ЦҶģܹ²¹ģܹԻģȴ˿黳ȡ̴̴ȥҽ赶ɱˣպҪѱõλɺ۸Ұôãںôã

˼ܣֶ֮ϣѧƯġƤڡСȷʵιһѺ֡˼ЩοҲЩȻЦЦ˵ҲҪСġ

šȻףͷԵ˼˵㰲žͺáҲ£иһҲͰźȥƵ
Ц÷ʣⲦҪ̴꣬Ӻòã

˼ͻȻɫ䣬űס˵Ժ˵Щӵ˲ֻ֣ɬ

ͷĻûжʲô
Ҽǵ¡

⣬ڸŮ׼ϵϴƷŬŬָŶµߵĻ¹ǰʹˡ
ѹ˵һ£

ɵؿһۣһƣɼŶĵĴӶȥ
һƧ䣬ĺһ׶Զ˵Ůɾˮܸмɣ

һųٶ۵صͷ

еƤһ򢣬Ц˵ǣС˭Уô

ҲȻ֪λǻʵۣλֻǰ뷿֮˽ռЩƣɱȨģɻǰλѸصͷŶĵɫ֪«ʲôҩ

ŲƤޣ˵İҲαУ

ͷ

ҲƽưƵģ˵дܹܣ޻һԲ

¾ϲؿ˿ڣģ

֮Աǣ޷ƭ㣿ǣͱ롣

һúչ˵Ůɣ˵

ĵȻҪúչˣҪˡˣҵıӳ㣡ǣһ
һ̣򰮳ţǣγСܴƿ


 67 
̴̴Ϊ, ټĶ鳯԰ˮȥ󷽵ľ, ÿսŷϢ, Ӧصǲݡأ׼Ż۵һֹ

˼ʱ̲ס, Ҳ飬ǰоӪϢĲСʱʱΪѵ໥ӣ˰첻𻰡
˼Ҳֻ֪֪󺹻òã

ӪвͲЦ󺹺õúܣľǡǰͷϢãôԮó, ָʹڴ, ǰͷһ˳ˡ
Сĵ˵, դ, 벻Ҫȥ˵û򻢷, ˭ݱɱ, һ⡣

˼˽ܣεؽһƽǹǽ֮, һפĲԭݡ

ĵǶʱ֣һԲ, ȹӰνžߡ

ºͷһȺ˴۵С۵໥ţ֪ǲǵ˴󺹵İ󺹻᲻ᱻ߷紵ˡ

صԼסĵطҲȥֻܴ壬򵥵һҪϸĵƽ뷨Ĳ׾ӵƣһһţԹɾһֿɶ񣬸պԼһĲԴһһ޲ȫкʵ廨ϡ

ͷˣͻȻĺۼԭĹӶʵڣǰƣʱߴ˵һΣòѧ᲻õļ人ֽͰ˵ˣоʡˣ
ŬŬָָԼϵʳЦ˵ֲáͲ˸㡣

ʵڲоЩ˵¡

͹ҰζĢ촵ʼʳǹͽġ
ǵ˼ûʲôθڣԶ˵һ԰ɡֻ˼ӣ˵ˡ
ɻʣͱˣ

˼ͷ

˵ؿʼãе˸ɾĨ˵ԡҪǿ׳ޣ

ҲŲҪޣ˼ʹһǲԺӺõĸף˭˭ù
һǲ˵ϴİȥǿѪֻȶ⣬ʲôˣҲӣǰͷļһ䲻ԾǸɫ巣ۣˣСʱôģԾþ͸ġ

գ۾ͻȻЦˣ㡭˭ޣ

˼ؿŶ飬ȴҵĿֶ¡
һ׹Զĵպ˼֣ЦЦ˵ѽã徲ҪЩǣ

ʲôʣڲԭϣӦҲɣΪʲôҪǣ

ͬѼͶ˵塣
˼ֻεؿ˵Ҹˣֻһ˹һӣ徲ľͺá

ЦҺ㲻һˡ޸ﱼɣΪһѡСӡ
Ȱ˵˼ʵСӻǺܺ档Ҳһԡ

˼Цݶװˣһ۾ʣһ±ǿЦ̴꣬󺹷ʹﱼɻزԭϡǡһСӡ

˵Ӷʱˣͷߵһ졭

ϣ˼䣬Ƕһ˯ϵĳ޷жֻڱӵһǣ˼
˼£춼˯ţԭΪһģӦܹܿ˯û뵽Ҳȥ˯ţÿһӾ͸š춯һ

˼ѵǲūͣοϸ˵Ҳ˽еūͣţֱЩܲˣŷʣô󺹾ǲժôô࿴صˣӵ˭

ͣ¶˵ҪͷңҲĻҲԸġ
ĬһѪȷЩʱգֻ̾Ҫܺʹﱼһ𡭡ʲôҲܿء

˯ţ£ҹ˼ʣﱼİ˰ô

⹴ճɬһЦƻ˵šǽ飬żֵҼӪסҼֵ׼ŹӺݺһ١Ȼձӣͻȥĸϲ

صĻס
˼Ҳˣһʱô߳ûϰף

Ҳеİɣ˵ʼҾͲ֪ˡ

˼룬Ż檵ĲͬںȻܽӼҵùӴһ١յƣصķףͻȻá

˵Ȼﱼҿ᲻ýмش򡣡
Ц˼䡣ͻȻûͷûβһ䣺ŮɣʱҲ˵һЩˣ֪ﱼɡʲô˼𣿡

˼һʱӿհףҡҡͷ˵⵹֪

ǡԽ˼ǿһ䣬Խֺ

˯һߵĵ˼ðŴ𻰣

Ǻ𣿡׷ʡ

˼ɬǺһ˵áԭʱǡﱼɡһ֪
ĳԽֻ˰꣬ĸ׵ĸûܸĸ˵ϼ仰㱻ǨԷݾӡȻǶĲǳԷɱˣóԽвǿҪӡ
ףӵ׸ĶӵӣȫΨֶĲ찣찣

ʵ˵ͳԽԵ֣Ƕݵòٶݡ
ûҴͥη֮󣬳ԽΪ뿪ߡ
ķųҴͥȴֲܺǰĶסһ

ԶеӣССһֻɰҡֵСûݵСЦӣĸ׵Ժвͣ˼˼ڹͷһ˼
Խǲ¤ͷ˼꣬ͷټʱѾǽˡŰʱʵԼ۾ŵ붾ΪǸı˵ĴӾĶӡͼбòһˣᶾòĸ׵ǰ

Լģȴ˵ǻԡ
ʵͼһţʱҹҹԺȫֲͬģĺӸɢˣеʹ඼ڰԼľѹˣ벻ʹķӡ

һ£Ȼ䵽һ÷

鷢ĲԾ֣ŮɣôˣҪҪѻٲһ㣿

á˼ݷＷ仰
Ŷ鴩Žϵش𡢲𣬹ҵıӰȴסһԹĸˡ

鲦ûرѣЦǲů͵ˣ

˼ʣ̽ʲô

Ȼðڰģš

˵ˡ˼ת˯ɣȥ㳶ȥ

һºƮѩĲԭͻȻڡ
ããѩҰɢϸĳѩɫӰӴ𶯵챼ڶ

ǰѾ˸߲ҵش˺ϢǵĴ󺹻ʤ

˼ĬĬںŻһͷ˽ᡣϵ˳ڷش¡ºÿ
ȫЦݣһԵǵ˵

Ҳǣġ˼˵ҺһԶһ

ˣӪѣ׶ԼʤϢдĲţաϸŮˡ

˼عڰǰĹӳůɫ

ֵ˺һڵᢵűˣͷķѩһ´˽źںëĶͬһֻ˶ӥһֻۺǣȻվſڡ
һЦȲҪ˼˼Ӯˣ

鿴˼һɪģ̲ס˵󺹣Ů䡭

Ĳıӡˢڶһ֣ѿˡǴú񣬶ֻǡ˿صһŸ첲˵
ϲ֮У̫ɷ羰Զͺȵ
鼱æ˳ȥ

ȹϣůڣСϵȵ̿յú޵ġ
Ľ⿪ͷЦ˵һ飺˼Ӯˣ

š˼䵭˵֪Ӯˡرڡ㡱ϼһЩ

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ⲻǹͬϲôչüͷ, ŵ˼ļͷ, ҰȻˣ, ԼƸӭף¡صĻɶز, òã

ڴΪ֮жȻ֪ʺءֻҪ룬ͱȻܹĸҲֹ
ǣĿ֮ǵ˼ЦһЦһȻ˵˰ɡ

ĵɫ, ض˵ʲô˼ҵʤˣﲻˡ⣿ϣ䣿

ûУ˼޹ʤ¡Լ, д, αغ˺

ĵѼһ, Ȼתͷͷ˵
ոհѳصĽڰϣ˿»ص, Ŷպ޺ŭ

˼˹Ķ, ־ּˮԼûз֡
ʲôקĶ, ףͷ, һ¶ĶƿӪŽոһŵùֱرס˫ȣҲʲôԼ£ΪʲôҪѱ˳

Ҳֱӣ벻ԶӦٶȲŽ֪һĥ˳ȥ

ܣĶȥı˼ȣ˵ֻ䣬ںɳӰһ˫أܳȥˣŻû

ΪʲôҪܣΪʲôҪܣ˼ţܹ²Ȼ¹ġȻأȫǱ˵Ĵ

Сӵһǻίȫ˳˼ҵĴʲôԣ
˵ѹ·ίֻ˵˼ƽûԼͷεغùƫƫͷεˣҺۡǺοࣿ˯ǸûУǺοࣿԶطѾ˼Ȼһ̣Ǻοࣿ

˱ί˼ˡ֮ǰǰŭ˿ȻһԵģϣּˡ

ӮˣΪ˵ġ˵ǶίǿڲԻˡ侲侲𣿡

ǰǴġ˿ȻཱུģҲûٱҪס˼ôְ򿪣صĴϹŻƽλĴŹҡʯȵоر£㒴Ķॵॡš

עָɡߺߵĶĿµĶͷҲƽ˫һ̽ŵͷ

˼رͷǡǰѽŵһߵϡ
ҲָЩƣԼס

˼ؿؼжĽbшѾ˺ζĮﱼϮۣһԼҲûм졢򼸸ʱפϴ壬ôɾˣ͵ʱ̵ָס

ζģĲ˰벽ЩǰԲλģŤͷͷ޵ϴˮأ

ڿ԰ȻȵԡˮľϢ
ǺϰսߣԡԺˣһ˲ֻͻȻܾһѹӥһĿ⾯´һ£ţһɳڡ
˼ʰ·Լ͸ľԡˮŵ·϶ǵζ

Щֻ¹ٸɾˣæ˵¡

˼ѣֳˣһȦգĥ÷ëŨصĺζζš
еĺһ·Ҳ㽻¹ȥϴԡִóɾŵĶϣ߶߶˵ΪġҪ˯ߣû廨㿴

ֱ̫ˡûüʣϸܣѡõϸ˿ϣˬ

ůȥ
һԣҸ㵹ˮ

״̬Щ꣬ԤǶ޴͸¶顰Խ¡ǣΪֲˣץӷεܣֱϣ͸ոһظһܣĶƢԷ

ಽԣ˵һ䣺ҲҪˮְסļ硣Ʋȴϰڷһɰɫ˿ƽƣýӵͼµԸӡ
ľϲһüΪģ

˼ۼֿ죬һԵĻһòáԺٸ

棬Žʱ⻹ʷ׳ʡ
鼱ֵ̳Ѹڵϲ𡪡Ѿٵˡдݣɢɰɫ˽ڣҲʧȥ˽

ʲôһָ۵ؿһۣЩ²ɱйߵ

˼ĬĬؿ侲ʣЦһЦ˵Ŷм˿ߵͷûйãһͻ¶ͷҾòáԺٸõġ
֮ǰתǰ˯ɣһˡҲˡЩϢɡ

ķ޷޵ıӰһȾȥ˯ˣʹҪŻѪҲƵʻȥˡĬĬڸ߽źһȴ˼Ӱƽ˯ˡû˿ֻܻҲ齣ﲻӺͷһʶءšһᵽϺŵζֻܲ˲ԹԵҲ˯ˡ

һҹûдսģʽתΣۿԼᢣůڵĻ裬л谵⣻Ӫսʤʿ˯ֵڱҵĲʵʵиˣ㣬ְֺޡ
һжܰʵڣܳ˯ֱһͻȻѹ

İ죬ˡ
ԭͷһƬڰӪҲȼ󣬻ĻҲûиտʼôʢˡµ˼䣬ֿ˿ָ֣ġǸļһ

ȴ˹ЦټҾ͸õȥˡ

ҲǼ㡭

˼˸عͷŲȣأ

ѾҲġְ˫ȴϵһ飬ֻ̹ůţҽиӵ̿𡣡

ȣŵȡůϰȴ˹ȥ
첱ȥһƫÿʣûʣ̫һаðɣ

ͦõġ˵˲ٿ࣬˺ö࣬ƢҲǰˡ˻ڡ
еƵģ˵

ʵӦýС̫󡯲Ŷԡ˼˵Ƕ̸Т¡İңȻιƽ¡

Ƶءšһ
ĸףԼԼ˷ܵĵط˵ͦ׵ġҺ뵽Ļȷʵ仰£̴̴ͶˣɱպͶҵ˶ġԣҸ̴̴ģƼҰﱻ͵԰ˮߡܽҿʱ̴̴ߵ˾һ뻩䣬ԻĻġ

˼ؿ

ֽ˵˵̴̴ץȥʬͦҵġ׻ģҽԡӾΪɣһٱӸ˿ţ˺͡
ܽ᣺ʥõˮ©ҲԵܡҶ飬Ǵʮ壬һͳƺӱ̣սʿѪġЩٶΣ

ľٶ֮ȥԶǺָ顢ʥĹ
˼һŵͷ˵ι£ԭ飬ǬٶϣȻǺõġ

ЦЦ˵ֻ롮졯㡣
ͱˡ

Ҫңһͷķ˼ƾܡ

ָ֪ȴȥ룬Դ³˵Ժ˵ԺеʱԽ̸
ﵹЩԺֶڻǻʹ´ֶçײ

ǣͷ¹󺹣̫ȥ

һ˯

ǻ¹ͣͣ˵̫˵ЪϢ͹

˼ȥɣսӻ㰢α죿շһô

ļֱǲԸ͸ˣһ˳ʤ̴꣬Լһж˳ˣҴ£ÿһԵü겻ȭͷһһ¡صң
ͷ˼涼ҲĶӶ᣿Ҫ޽㣿
һǶ
ŭKȥʮ壡

˼ĬĬ̾һ֮ǧٿףģġ
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ŵؽ, С͵һҿĲ棬ءͷ˵Һô󺹲ڡˣ

˼һ, ƶǱסһﱩǺ޵ߣԼҲ񵶼һʵҲʱڶ̵һ
˵ģӣٶ۶ᱻĨɷ

ѡ˱ȽصװҲۣ֬ɨһɨü󣬶Զ˵̫Ȼ, ȻΣٲȥݼ·ԶģҲûʲôֵһ, ҴЩ̲ȥϲţ顢͡׺, һȥ̫

ӱ, һжȥԡǰûӰӣһԡһ, ѾǼһŮ, ĴСһִҲ̳˺ܶʡ

һ, Ȼ̫סĸӪ֮Ҳû˿, Ե˼ӪǰͷƮһЩʾ䣺Ǵ󺹣Ҫ԰ա
ⲻԣ
ôԣɶǡ

˼ЩˡһԶӪͷĻ¹˵Уͨһ£˵檵ǰݼ

ͨȥͷ͵͵Ȼֹ

꣬ǻ¹Цһ׳׵󺹺̫Ůɽȥء

˼ͷ˵Ͱձţͷһ磬ʱůڣֻǰһЩ۾һӦͷĹߣɫûлתȴһƵЦ⣬ֺҪ֣һռôˣᶼҪˣ

˼°ݡһסĸ첲Ц𰡣ôֵģŮҺͶĵĶˣҺúƣ

ӲǼ񣬷⣬˼΢΢ʹͷһŮòزͣ̾ݡòüͷǡ
˼Ҳ̧ͷһۡ

ϴֻʳ˼̻εںĲԭϱѺĥôˡ̬ҲֳƤЩŲԭɹɳ죬۽ǺüϸϸơԶܵĶǣͷҲɿݶˣż˿ŲԭʱŮӵĺñһڸЩ㲡

Ȼ̬Ⱥ̸£һȣЦҲηĺ⣬˵ʱضţ·ӥ

˼´ͷ̫ʹ󺹻ûнţѧ̲ķӣ֪ϲ̫Ŀζ

ƳۿŶһѶЦȻԲ̲裡׻ϸģ֪ҶˡǸСӣ֪ң
üһԼҶһۣ˵ģѧŵ㣬Ҹǳɺ̾ƣ

⵹ûЦЦ˵˼ĵ䷶

˼ֽ䣬һ̲ܿ衣ڲԭڵķζĥ飬ΰͣݵŨŨĺש裬ٳȺţ̣ͣʱ㡢㡢㶼Ʈݿ

ӹ˼Ĳ裬ӽӹ־ʹȣʱһȻԼе̲ƻ˼ĸӵӪǿͣȺȲǡ

ڹ

˼޴ƴǣˬʵлƷਣȻȣҲܿˡǰʵڲϰ߲ˮֺ̼ȷڷֱֵֽζ壬ǴĲԭĺ÷ӡ

Ѳȵõ׳죬ȻñӣָһҲźˣȻͻݣĶӲ֪˶ٱȥ
ŽҸ˵ˣŮôõŮɣ̣ˡӭȢΪɶ֮Ҳһһ˵ȻˮŮҲӪûƯҲȰȻÿҲ̰ɫˮѾʬ飬͵ȻʾȥˣļȻסҪʾȻĽãĹŮͻɺȽϺá

˼û˵
̴̴Ů棬ӪҲԶԶؼƤڣϳǲòϣ֮⣬Ķпȡ֮رֲԽ֫ͷͷӯǽƫϸĵ˼ϲӡ
ͻɺǻ˵ġ

ȴڵͷȻһضĸ˵ôŮɣԹ˼ҺԺȣٲͻݵڡ

ЦֲǲȢ
ȻᣬĿõ˼ע⣬ݺݵ˶һۡӥǹ˵ģ

ˣ˼Ѿ׳ˣбãԼ̣̫ԼҼܹʢǿ󡪡˼ݣڱһЦûиƾһʵ۵ĳ谮ǳ֮ƣֻȡ֮ɣ
˼ͻȻЩĻţ־Ͷİô࣬˵ǳʹʹȻشף˵̫δ̫佱ˡʲôݵˣۣʱźѡ

·͵˼վһսһ۰˶һƣˣĵ֮ǴˮŮºͺɽá룬в޺һֱŰҵģǴ£ҳԵʲôƬããĸڲԭϣȻʮ˲䣬ҪȫǳԸɾ̸ףͺҪЩʵݵĶͼԺɡ

⵹ҲǴʵʤ̺ô岻סûʵ֮ǰ̰ǿµġ

ĵͷ˵ãסǡ
˼ֹ˵Ժ˵

˼˳ȥͷĴźһӽЩмܣöĺɶˣ˿һʱ˺ܶࡣ
Щû˵ҪɱҰɣ

˼͡һЦŻ˲ϡ⼸ӪǰΣ˾ͶԶ㣬æˣҲˡ

ǲأ黹Щ˵ɲڴﱼ֮ǰء

˼ɵӣȻЩĽ˵ʹ㡣ҪҲӹ죬˵ٱһĴȡ

Ҳͷ˫غͶЦ˼һЦ˵õģŮڣҾͷˡŮɻȥϢɣ

˼˿ԶȻƼǸȻСһŽţűԶȴߵɫҲʶλ棬ҽ˵Ͷĵ뷨ͬ顣

Ȼ£ˣȴ鷳
ǣ֪䲻ɶΪ֮ʥ˽̻塣
򵥵£˭ȥأ򵥵ľϣ˭ȥѡأ

ȴ˵Ŀ͵˼ȥͷĸ׻һӵףҳˣǴĴ󺹣ǸڰүǰĶˡҵ飬Լ

ǿֻ˵֪֪治֪ģ㼱ʲôأ꣬óԻ˵ĹȥѩɽϵŮƵģȴߵ㻹ǻһ࿴һƭתΪˣҩûȥ

Ųᣡ˵ȻԴȴֳ˼ԽģҲھˣԼִ̽ϢѾԽԽˡ

ӵɫвġ
ȻԼɣͲö˵ˡĻҪ취õġæȹأ£

ˮŮ°ɡ

˵¼򵥡Ҳ
Ұĳ𣬾ͲĸǰСӣ˵ںıӣ§Ȼ˯ĺģÿأıɱҸĳˡĵ߱ͽôң

ңţ㹻ֵˣѴϷŻȥֳ˶ôӣںﶼϷһҪЦ
ȻҲһҪġ˵̾һֻں˵Ȼʮ˲УкЩǺɵʵӵѽçײЩҳûкúôôȫ̵ضԸɡԼˣţǶƬԭҲزסġôôأ

Ϊ˿ȰôСǲţҹζ࣬Ҷٻؽŵҹ£ζμǰѰ㡪

ĸ׼ɻ䣬˵ˡ

ȴЦбؿ˵ѽμôˣ.ˣɱˣʬˣڵӪ£ζ£Сôɴ£

Ҫʮ꣬˸󡢻ʤĶӣӵüҪĸ׳ܡ

⴫¹ٽĻ󺹣󺹣м£

ôˣĲͷġ

¹Сּе˵˵¡濤ҪɱŮɲɣЮ˵Ůɣ

ġվȵص먱ϴľѥţ춼ûϣö¶

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, Ѿǵһ, ȷʵĲ, Ҫġ
Ŭһ, ߴѥǸرĻ¹٣ڵôһ£

ǻ¹ټƽˣҲ˵ˣ󺹡ոյŮڻᢵ·ϣۼҪˣǡƼ棬ҲƼ˵Ůɣٲľɣ˵лŮ˵ŮҲͣ

һ֮, һЩͬĵ˼פȴҲŶѾɥֺܿǵŮӶ༸ְ
濿ʱͻȻͳһԵĴƬ, ֱֱسŵ˼ʺ˹ȥ

ԻһμҪŮɡĶ, Ʋ, ȥײ棬ԼϱһĿ, ѪԱ, ŵ˼󺰣ߣߣ
˼ӦҲȹӺͶһ̶, ˩ˡ׷ûײ, ʯҪȻϹȥˣŵŵɱȼͲϣʱͻһӣ˾ǻˡ

Ǳýģûףͺ㣬񶼹˲ôνžͳᢷɱ

ŶӵıӰüͷײһ壬ԸողļȻŮ˵ͷ÷͸ֺͿһͿ˻ҵƤ񡭡

ֻҪлᣬȻӺݣʩʩȻӪʵĿݲݵϣĻѩȳ֨֨¡죬̧ͷ죬Сѩ׷ģޱ߼һƬݳͬʣ绯˺ڰɫǺôѩҪˡ̾ϵ죬ɽѩסƽǶѣ⺢ӣʡİ

ûȥ￴ӣǳһ˼ڵ˼ϵʱתȥоʡ
лõĽ졢顢ȹԱȻʤ̣ƺ»ǼǰлǾʹ˳ˣҪòͬ׼ʱӵһǲæɵӣЦЦС֯飬еܣֻǾߵʱ򣬻ױ󡪡ëҪúøġ
ٲȻѾ̫󣬵־žˮţҲǣҲǣľ͵͵۵СۡǴ׼سô

һ鼱æЦ˵󺹻ûء

ЦǿЩɣŲãʮڻĮʳˣɱԾ̫ϧˣɱ˳ءȰɵְ𣬿ɲְŶ

ֻΨΨ
εȴϻ۵ˣȻ֪ίΪӴȨգǬٶϡòҪָС
ĸ׵ʣξｫ˧ıʿ᣿

ȻȻǹ˶һȵʱڸءӣ͢϶ɻҳĲ԰ټƣӦúԶˡôĴмɺϵĵϵмϼģȻҪȻء

ᣬЩ죬Լ̵Щ

ŤͷֻЦЦ˵õģæʹһже˳

оʣŮϽɡܣڵ󺹵￴ɡ

ȻͶĵ˽ţʹʵȥҲû˿ò
̸㲻Ҫɵȥкùӳԣ޻ὫƤһһذϷΰͣͷŪڹԹԵģ޲Ҫ

۾ɵԲԲģһʱظҪһ࣡Ұүôˣ

ĵĻſھԭΪޡ޸ˮһ˵ľ飬ҲҪʿ䣬ռ԰ˮɵĴʡ˵¹ϣף޵Ѫսⲫϧ˵꣬һƬֻʳӵʱֱǰţ׽ͥٿϧûУ򱳣ѵԹ

۾һһŹ顣̴̴ƢȻ֪˵ʿ䣬Ǳ׶ŮҲǼҳ㷹Ůڸױ׽ȥֻ׶༪٣ȻҲΣѡ
ܣִڱ죬һֵһʱ˻һеĹʼղ룬м̽һƥݣҲǶʱҼɱοˣ

Ӳֱ־Юţֻܳ²ߡûЮֵҵĵ˼ڲϲαͷֻȼŵʱввһ𾡣һɡ

Ǹˡļǿҧҧë۾ʱʱ񣬴ѾҪŵ˼һҲǸһͱˡ￪ʼ﹭׼ˣֻ£ˮͰʿҲ뱸ˣһǰˮͰѾһܿᱻɱ磬ҲҾõȡ

ֻ֮ضǳе

ھԥĸѾʩʩȻˣȻһЦһƬһͽû˰취

ĵ˵ֻˡ
Ըһ˺

ɫ֣ݺݵص˶һۣЦûУԭ󺹵Ůˣ

˵ţͻȻᢵˡ
һҲ˲÷ĸ׵Ļ̧ƣʾ䶼Ҫλʱָӡһ㲻ս۵ս˴ȴܳܵء

˵ֻɫأŲԶᢡ

˼ڿǰȻյ˵氢梣ҪˡܾˣõġʵķӢۣȻӢ۵ӣֻǣӢɱ޹ˣҪԼģⲻǣ԰ɡ
õʱ˵ûЩҲôˣǴҶö

漴š
ŽϵͰͷ˳ϻźɵĶɫĳɫͻȻããĺɽããѩҰããĻҿմһĨůϵЦһɫһůӺαشƵЦ⣬ͷһ棬ֿһڲԶͶҳĶġ

ҲЦЦͷʾҪ嶯
Ȼתͷ˵ˮļҾ컹ڷַĲɺٿ죬Ҳھˮȥ棬ҪǺһǸϽˮ߼ˣöԿɺ׼ѩϢͨҲΨһĻᡣ

۾⣬ǰһִƬס˵˼ĺһȻ߸ߵؾ
˼ûжηؿ˵梣ú룬ǲ˵

ʱ˵˵ǣܳȥҪҲ£ҲܰǣƬȴƬڵ˼Ĳһ󻬣Ǻսĵ˼Ҳֻ֪֮һ

˼ЦңԺʹ̸ѽ
˶һۣ˵ͻ棬úʱȴʧȥˡôѡ

ѾȻĵֻҪõ˼ƽһʲôӰĴҵ
ĸЦ߰סһӣ

ҲϵƬ˽󺹣ǲ̸ƥߡҪҪպʱ˵

˵ԡһӣƥȫĿ

˵ұĹȫбϵĹȫ

ֱ۹ŵ˼ĲӣһȻźѣҲǿġ

Ȼ͵ϮзաĴ˿̲ڡշʮ걨Ҳͷ˵ԣǣҲǡƭңҲɡȻһӣѵصĹ𽥳и߸ߵ¥ͷĹҲȫ

ְѵ˼һקȥȻǰŲӡһƥѾûа취ӱޣϺõֻ֣ҪһӣԵȻ֪˼ҡһҡ˻˱۵׼

ⲻ˵㻰˷£

У˵ҷˣ̾ͻɱң

˼˿Զããķѩ˵Ҳ¡һ㣻ˮﲢ޶ٱ⣬󺹵ܵɲǺɺһˮɼҾء

գ󡣵Ѿѡ񣬶촽ͷ˵󺹣ģҲȫ˵ЦҲҪϾɱȻϵĻᣬֻҪһ˻ճ˸𣡡

ϸɨΧȷûˣ˫ȼ˼ڷѩԭϳŶϷ򼲳۶ȥ


 71 
˼Ю, ױ紵ͬһ, ѩƮϻˮ, ȻƤʹ÷·Ҫѿˡ
氢梣ӭŷ硰͡˵, ֪ѹұҲ㣬ֻǲ֪ô

Ҳ͡ģЩɳƣЩǻҽʱͣҾ֪㲻Ƕˣͷвϳ, Ҿ֪¸ҡģҲɱ, ҲΪҲڴǰǼһ·
ˮ϶һ, Խꡱģʵ֪, Ұүĵ˭аүҵأֻȥ㲻Ҫ㡣

ϻͷ, ԶԶĵطӰӰ´׷ˡԼҪӪȵ˼ġ˸ܷɽ, סӣŵ˼, ָָһƥҪؼңƥܸ㡣С, ҲӦÿӰһȰɡ

ȥ

ɽȷʵѩС˺ܶ࣬һ¶ںɽʯ˼ڱѩҰΨ¸ҵؼ֡ȴһ·˺ɶ񣬶ŽȡůϺȵһ̲ɾˣáֻСܵĿѴŻ̫٣ӦɫζĻȱ

ͻȻͬڱѩɽƵתһǣȶԹҪ󣬻ҰɫƤëţһ˫۾ͺͶһģƺͻˣַ·СЦĴ
ǺǾĿŵ˼ΧϸǷȻӺ˼ɽһ㣬Ҳͬġء

˼ëȻط֣⡰ءǻ
Ϊɽת˲תǣͬǻҰɫëƤԶ·ûڷѩԭҰУӨӨģʮ֯}ˡ
ȺǷ׷׹󱳣ϵëȴֶеģضŵ˼ڵȴµ˲䣬һٷˡ

Դ˲ԭǡ
һּײСƻżǿķԡӦԡŶԵĶֶΪ˽⣬óȻжԼͼΣС
˼ûܿԮҪǣֻҪ̫ͱǶܼɡ

Ƕ⣬ǿǻǡ

˼ӵϼһʯͷţȻһʯϣѺȺȻηӵֱͷǵ۾˵ǼٵģǼȻҲûãÿ־廯Ϊ侲¸Ұɡ

ͷǵ۾ӨӨһ˼
˼·߳޶ģ鲢棬ɲ棬ǿֺĳЩһЩССԱ档

ЦЦαءճңһʱպǻҪƬҰϣҵˣǺù
ƵĳͷǾ˾еĴʯͷͷ˰벽Ӻë߸ߵ﷢Σյġء



Ⱥ궯ǲʺúõͻᱻߡͷһХȻȺƽ˹

˼۽ǵܿͷһǶģǡڼ̡һ𣬴һ󺹣

ͷǱú˰벽ˡһƷ׼׼شĿ֮УͷǲҺһ͵ˡҲɢʵ¶Ĺ֣ð׹Ⱥӵӣת˲ʧһ

ļ˼˼ǰûдҲûдףѾ÷ϣҲӲƵģһû˵ֻǰѵ˼һߺ
ߵæԼĶǵĴϡһ·ۣב@ڵĻᶼС

Ȼذɡ˵һŰ
˼ŵͷֱůʼĵ¶Ҳܵͣܿͻˣů÷̡

Һ棬Сһ㡣˵طԸңƨϻȥ

صפӪأѵ˼ҷԸһ䣺̫֪һѾƽˣõġ
Ȼŵ˼صᢡ

ľɳ棬˼оաĴʣȻЦһҪﱻյˣö˽õĶѲ׽ǳǣҷǱɱɡ

˼ЦǿðģŰɱô

ıδժ󣬴˿ǰһñ޸˲᲻β£ҧźк㣬ôֳô¶㿴̲裬Ұôģôôأ㾯ĶûУǵúúý㣡ñ޸¡

û˼Ѿܲˣӱܱ˵ұû̫͸һѻˣۡ

ã˵۲ԣȥѵȹӣԹҺúý̵̵ôĿɶأ

˼˵ף䲻ðɣ̫˵˿ɶˣ㻹治ɣ

־һ޸ˣ˿۾ӿỨûޣЦֵȹࣺʱʲôĸ֮ý֮ԡԭҿϣؼҶԡʱǺʲôʲӵġ񡯣ʱںȻܣȢϱֲȢ˭涨ɶҪأڻͲܹӲдɣ

͵һ㣺ˣͺͺƽԱԺҲҪ֣񶨾ˮݶӣܹԣǿҪǧĹҵҲŽ

˼գ۾۶ˡ
꣬оŵֿʼѵһľ͹̵ģأ˳Ŀ̽

˼æġ

ܣϱģû¶Ҫң
űӴսˣɶԼ

ӹá˼ϸƣһڡв֪˼ģֶţһˣһ̧˫Լ䣬ȻһǣǵоˣһͦͽȥˡƵģÿһ¶һ䣺
֪ˣ
Ժѧûᾯô
ӲΣǽ֮¡Ǻ˵ģסô


ӹϣһطϡͷƵĶе΢ʹԝ˵첲ϵļصͷˣͣȴһߣ²ɵЦˣݺ±ˣҧ촽һ㷺ӿų졣

ְ촽ȳҰԼļչȥҧҡ

˿ʶʣ˲ʲôһҧһƺߣȻ⼤Խһ㣬һӽס˼оӿһ㣬Ȼѹϣ˵һ䣺һ㶼ңҶһˣ

ίˣ˼ЦŶһ쿪һ

ĶȻһ£ЦһӱƵġЦݵתֻһ˲˼Ҳܲ׽ߵЦҲ˲佩˽Ŷģһʣôˣ

ķӸǺã˵һˡ

˼˵Խ֣Ȼʼղ˵ͷʪԼ
˼˵ҵҲһˡ

Ŀ⾼ؿ

˼˵ûжһײֱӾͱƬȥˡҲľôˣңܲҲһ䣬ɽʣ

ƲƲ죺Ҫ䰡ʵأúñ޴һ٣ʻ

˼ЦĻҺˡ


 72 
Сһ, ȻкƵ, ظһ񣺡Ҳа˵ʲôˣһôضңҵյˣʲôеĴ̡
ˣһ˵ʲô̡ôף, ˵òôɱ˵꣬ظ̧ͷ, ı˻ĿӣƺҪãԸȥ顣

˼æֱסΪڵһɫ¶

õߣֿȻȻԣŪ, ͬʱЦ˵ӣһ

˼Ȼһ, 

Ȼ, ʹһ, Ȼ˵ʲôʱҵ



ȥһߣرúһ, ӵЦ, ᶼˡ䣬ʣⲻ⣿ţ

ʵ, Ŷ˱ţֹƵ, 漴޷Կأֻ÷䣺пٸˡǣ㲻ߵвң
ԥһȻͷڻҧһ£΢ʹӡ

ò顣ҪһùϣҲǸһзҪԸ
˼ǵһ£ϲʲôƣҸ塣

ʯѣ߹ࡣԥ˵

˼һ£Щ˼áԥһʣ˼Щģ

²ȻҾϴͺ˼ôдʵĻƽ壬ЩϹļӰͷѺߣϸΪ⻨ɽơ

⻨ɽɲԶˣ

û£²ģڼҳϣҪһЩžʡ
˵˵Ҫѽ

ԼǸӣҪӣ۰ô˼ٵģһۣԼЩš

ĲģôǸӣǴǧӮӮȻĴ󺹣ôۺӣкöҶõ̫أҲˡ

˼һмҡҡͷ˵۰ҪҹﱧźӺ˯ܽ۰ܸʺ򲼣ܽ۰棬Ը飬ǲܽ۰

Ĵסˣ鱣ôΪʲôҪһĻʵЩ
ͷ˵˵ĵٸƵģ󲻹ҲǶŪֶֶŮľɣߣ

˼ĿЩ΢΢
ĸĿڵҲаɡôҲѧˣԵôҲѧˣ˵ôҲѧˡرӡϴ򲼡Щı飬ֺߵŮɣⲻΪ˵Ƕ£һ㣬Ҳûɶѧģ

ţƤܹǺôġ
˼ǿЦһЦȻ˵ģ̫ڵ㣬ϴﲻȥʲôӣ

˵һ£˯ҹҲû˺˵һ䲻ǡ

䣬ͷ¹ٵ̫ˣͷֻǡ

Ц˵ҾѽģҲã

¹ٴԼҪˣ̫̫ūͨһ

ɤŴӪͷţأ㣬ҽ

ļæȵȣҸոʪˣѣûء

ͷ͡һЦȻ۰˵С߳ƨû

Ĵ󾽣͵˱Цڴѵĵ˼һִۣͷһҲû

˼󾽣׽Ѿݺһ£Ѿ糺һƬٵشͶ㵽ͷȥˡ

Ƕǵģĵͷѩȡ
Ĵϣǰſһ죬ĸЦģ°׽ĺѾϸϸѩӣںĺë棬ϸϸױε

ıҲЦŰĸӭĸһֱϵܣ⼸Щ϶ֻС϶ѣԹǣҲӡʲôƨɡơҵһľء

һ֮ĵУЦԼûƤûģǰѱ汳
ҿףŮأ

˼͸ƵģҲò½ģԶһ㣬ӵü̧ͷŸګګһ仰˵ˡ

ЦСӣСǸʡĵģҲûٱ˵Ů֮£ҲúܣûʲôúġǸһ֮Ǻ˵˵Ҫ̹̫ǱҪġǰ°˶ƯŮڸۡռ˺ÿĹŶһ㣬ʵľ͵飬һ޶ûԼϲˣŮɣҿɾָұˣ

˼ôһοЩ͵˶һۡԭںֵܻ֮İŮƷıĲ룬һ£ĿȴЦڵů

Цأ߳޼Ҳֻ֣õԵˡ

˵ǳ̾һĿ⡣

ļæĸװοԺТ˳㣬һȸ㻹ҪãĳҲҪģֻǾӱʮ겻ںңһҽѿ

ӡӡ۽ǣЦҲ˵ءҲǹڲԭϣǸڣ·ˣҪԼѡƽȫһͺϼҴɺӵЩơ亮䣬ѩţƥջǲҲжģҲ˺ġšԥţȻƽȥǶ໨һЩ·ϵľѣôٺö飬ţУϾϹ˵ʱٴֲ

Ҳд⣬˿ĸ˵ﵹЩ죬ЦЦ˵ɡ

Ц˶һ̾˵֪㳤ˡҲãֻ˷¡

⻰˵ЩˣЦ⻰ҵ̿ˡһӣ϶Ҫ飬Ϊ˭

Ҳתɫ˸ӵ޽ǡͻתͷһŵĵ˼˵һӪʣŵΪŵζոѭζŮϵҡǱص˴ֲڣǼƷģҲǰӶѡ֪Ůģ㣿

˼©һģֲԵ飬ֻƽ˵Ϊĺ㡣

ֵɷһӰ棿

ҲǲܲӦġ˼ֻý⿪ңʮͭǮһӺÿ˫̫˵Цˣ檵Ķ̫檵ĸֻ֡ЩþˣζûôŨ̫ϲϣȥΪ㡣

ӹӣ·һִڱǰᣬ˵Ǻö˵Ĵǣ޴
ֶԶ˵ģ԰ˮʱȻס񣬵δһЩǵĹɡо˽һЩĵط˵

ĸոһ˶ˬʮ㣬ĸҪǾ£Ըֲǡɫ˼ģͷĶ˵ãҴȥ

ƿţȻ쬵ģͷճǦɫһһšѹ¡ϣʱ׹ǴѩǰסĵȻǲܴˡҪϽ׼Żس̣

оǻʵĺŦų͢ʡУȫձʣֲô£ͷһǻʵʱõģáĽȥԾվ뿪Զĵط
ĸһ±Ħù⻬ɫɳ̣ĸ˵Ƭ԰ˮˡ֮ǰ̴̴Ϊǰҵ˻ҲѵòκҽȻͥҲפһòġǻƽǣҲˮıǨǨطԣ֪ǵĶ֣´ιҪϢ

ЦҶȷʵǸǰָɳ̽һͨ
ҲΪķ϶ĵεΣѲʿĻࡢפ֮ƥɺںĹϵܷŵ

һͷĸףһͷȴЩĸоĸ׽ˣ룺ֲҳɱĸķף͵˼ŴµĺŮʱĹŮȻ鲻࣬ȴСŸձﳤ󣬰Ĳ壬ıӡꪹսʿЩŮӶĿȾ඼ɱ֪֪սɫ
̫ףĸϸףöӵȨλǷַӵ£˵ɺǱණһ壬͢Ѿûк˵ĿƶȣĴһطȨһҪ죬ǲ׶Ը

ͻȻĸڻģ㷢ʲôأ

ĻЦո˵̫Ҫˣɳ̣ء

ȻȨҲǸһΪ˶ӵĴĸٲһĶӣһȨĸߵ֮Ҳ뷨ͷһο롣ǻس̵Ҫ׼һѩ٣ѣ˻ܶࡣ

šĹɵصͷĸףҲǸТ˳ӣоҲԸ˺ƽǺĸ׺úýе˼ϿŪûôԤ͢ͷˣϲܸɵ˵ȻҲҪõģҲҪЩܽг͢ﱻǰѳˣϵıΪɶأһԸҲңҪӴĸ׵ͷ

ڣѵİ취Īõ˼ϽУȶӴˡйΪɶػʺ˳µġ

ͻȻĸѹ˵Ůɵ㣬òһ顪ںλʱ㸸ɥʱһλŪ˶ӣʱ̫ҽ֣óĶ̥һζҩ̫ҽֵ˵ͨѪ̥ʹжЧҲ֪ǵŮǲ֪ǹ⡣


 73 
Ч, ĵһδ֪
¶ģ, ü˵ë¾дһøġҿǵ˼ͰԵġ

غ, ҧģһŻظĸ˵ҲƭҡҲûиԵ, İҸģļȫ֮СҲβס

ҡҡͷЦ¡ǲֻҪ㰮һ֣һ֣ͷЩνߣֻ밧棬ΪˡԵġһ£ǲǶů, 䣿ǲÿÿ滹ǲһʱսսɫԳòС

ʼھ, ̶üͷ˵

ҡҡͷ, ŲĶ, ЦҵɣҹȻ, ѪֶξͿԣ㰮Ů, ΨС顯һ·ߡҪԼΪҪױ顯֡Ů, ǿеòģõ˲͵ʹֶΣӵģΪ˺, ȻˡȻʱ˵ķףΪףΪˣѽ

˵·翴һ鰮Ȼȴڵ

ȵʮʱѲɺӣźʱʮŮɺ۰һĴ壬ƽΪ룬ҲӺĹļ𳤣ڿȵĿתɫʱЦȵۡ

ʼԸвʮ꣬Ůῡʵɾ̫󡣵ձֱǯסŮõ岻ò̻¶˵ǰӺͿûá˲ϧʹʹµ÷۵÷žͰһĻþ
¶ȵ۲´ԸϴȼѪһӣֱסˣÿ컷˯ͣôˣкƵĳҵİճҵСӡ

ճڴɺӵʱǽӵ˼С

ĸо˺Ըƴӣȹ֮˱ȴıľֲøҪ׳еŮֺ

ȵ۳ѲǴ˻ʺġʺʱ壬̻ϵٲԹԡԹԴʱûֵĶͻ룬ȵۻҹŲȵʱѾ谮мӣϥôˡŤǶƵŤŤȥѻʺԹԸ˻ʵۣ˵Ǵʦе𣿡
ȵҡҡͷѲʲôƽҲôŷ𡣡

ǾˡһŮ֪ҧָ˵ô˵ʦɽʯӱ

ȵ𾪡
ڶգųѲ˾˵˿ɶػʺΪ󺹺Ů󺹷Ϊ˵Ϣ

ϸȵۻصƽǣǡڶ꣬ȵ۵ӣȡģ˹Ļʺ乬
ȵ׳֮꣬һҷȺްšӵܴӴɺǨӵΪף࣬͸ڳҰ

ΨһĽᣬجΣڶ֮ÿλжס̥⵽ԵȵΪɶػʺʱشлˡ
Ϊ̫ӣȻڣȴΪɱĸľףʼûиһֻܼع̫ںʹȵ۶̫Ӽ񣬰˶еĻ̫볯˵ȨֲѾ˻ȢĶȢ޾ͷ߸ȵѧϰ·

ںͶģʵҲԩ

ȵǸ֣֮󣬼ֱһ
ĳ谮˵ֶˮ׼Խ÷ƸֶΣΪԼҪһС
ֻڣԼҶƵİһԵ˼ûжУԲϣĶص׵ĸޡ

˿̣ƮƮ˵ҵĶɫѿһ˵ҽоҽҩ˵

̾˵ʵҵ滹ͦϲϵġһӣӦֺÿִϻۣ̫ٺûСģҲҪ̫ϣһء

ĻصʱѾҹˣͷĺХ˼ˣֻڻߣͶֿԶ˵¤ӣͷַ𣬶¯߻߿ţǱѿζܴԶֺóԣֱˣ˼ҲԵǼȻһҲƽΧ¯߳Աģеůʱ⡣

ЦŮôһ˵ҶȥƽˡƽӦҲӰɣ

˼ҡҡͷƽǵʱ䲻ҲûᵽѰԵġǺþûԵԲžÿɹ󰡣

˵ÿģͻȻһʱѩҲһ񣬺̺ܿϻӨСˮΣůڵĵƹ⡣

˼˸ֱ˷һۡٴˣǼǲðſСһ㡢ʱЩϸڡ䣬ѵҲ䣿
ڣ֪ˣڴǰۣҲҶ໰ִæӻСѽϵŪķĶƫձϴȥ

Դ涼۾һһ־ͰѶסˣȻһ

ƢͷƵģ˼ͼʶˡע⵽ıӣһֻֻһţɿɿֲˡ
һƽϣЩˡƢ֮϶йؿҪųη߾ǿ׺ǶԸƢİ취

˼ͷɫƽĿѯһԲ˫۵۾Ȼ·ʣôˣܲܺú˵

ЦЦǴú˵Įı鿴һЦӽһֱŵ˼۾ԽԽе˼ï}ˡ
鲻֪ʲôֻǶŵ˼ſ

ĺҲ۾һȵȥĶٶһ£Ҷֻţ

סˣſǻظſţŮɻ䡭

ĹһŻظȥŹϣšָָĽ¡

ȫ֪Լʲô֮ԩҲҲ

׵ǰŪűӣҲ˵ضˡ
˼ϱӺⱲӶıӣƵľʹﻹǷģؿڵɾЩ

ɽ￴ͷһˣԵĲԲŸոտʼ
Цʵ˼֪֪ҩЧ

˼Իһ䡰֪Σһ䡰֪Ҳû׵İ취Ĵ̻µġ
˵֪Щɡ

ֱƽһ㣺˵˵

˼ԥô˵ѾͲסˣɫһͻȻһԶͷͷ͸޹СһӡպͲ϶һӡӣ漴ΡΡѪһһųѪӡϡʹö£Ҳŵжв

ǵ˼һȻˣź˵ֲУұҩԣҾͱóôʲô

ʱ˵ϬᡣļֱƷҲһٱӳ
չ黹᲻ģֻŶͷӾڶıǼǰװͰ˵ٸˣ˵һҾͻ

׺˵óҲóֻ˱Ƶ˭Ҳ²̨˭Ҳûùӳԡعϱӵʱ򣬵˼ǲԸô룬Ҳòô룬ԹĵĿɶҲò˼ԼЩ
οⱲӵ治ϱĿɶ

˼ӵʱæ˵ͨ硢ҾѪëá

ÿ»׶ۣƽʱҲǱġ
գۣ֪òָװͰ͵رʣؾģأ

˼ҧҧ˵ƳɣϻЩеá

ĶʱŭڣҲ˲öˣһŰ߿һ絽˼ǰӣսʣʲô˼Ҳһֱ˵ô

˼׵˿΢΢죬ƳŵڵĶ飬˵㻹ȥҺʹ󺹵˽ܻ

鲻ʹسš

ʲô˽ܻӣýüˣҧһ˵˵


 74 
Ƭ̵˼, ˼Ѿ˻ظİ취, 촽, ڿ˵ǺŮעڡûûָһѾ˵ˡûûŪ, ҵڣ

ļֱЦãҲ˵˻ƽǺҪΪɶһ̲ˡȲã

ҲҪ˼˵̫˵˿ıáȴҪҼ̿ϿУ˵꣬ȷʵЩӲ˵ıУ

˵ҲǲУӣй, Ϊɶ˭Ҷԣ

˼ţδУ˵ֱˣⱲĻˣ

ҲǣҲ, Ҳ, Ҳǣǽ飡
ľԼֱѭ, ˵Ҳ˵ǡͷܴβ͡ģʽȽʺ, ˵, Ҳô˵ģŪڶͲ˳

ʼ½, ѱժˣһ, ȵҲϻˣʵ㣡Ȼδز㣡Ȼסļ½رǰҳֱӶ˻

Ƴɵڻɢ.㡣룺ẦŮ˼ҲУǸö

˼ӣŭµң

ûˣװͰ͵ĸͷǹƵģҵҾңƭңԺٲҵţ
𣬼ҵȹһһӣˣȹҲζȹӳ֮ҲĲζմȾϡ

ǿ.̬Ȼ˵˼ķȻƵģ̬ȡ
ͣ˵Ҳϲϲ
ᣬҲʵİ档յĶľ첻ԼٶĹֻ֣Ŀɶ񣬺һ̫ӵԸôãôܲúóͷ

ԣڿʹ飬ʱҲһûлڹţɬҲϰ˳ʹҲʹĸо鲻ãѵֺùͬʹأ˭ҲǷ˭
ǯŵ˼ļ󣬶ݺ˵ʵ㣡ҷ꣬Ҿ㣡

˫ˣϥǲΡΡģֺŪ쵰ߡȻݺһûʤյĺƣһƬҰףһһŵģڽë¶ˮƵĹһȻһһ˳۽ǻ䵽ޱߣٿֻһӨĺۼ

ˣһ˫Ȳ൹ȥƺǻ˺һʼĨֹһԵ

İӵøԶ͵壬Ȼ̧ȣһСϣ˵̧ߵС

˼裬ȥȡǸ´ȡĺƤޣҴϻв볢ӵζˣŰƤ޸ϣڰӳģԵúڵڶ׵ס

ԡɵ¡һȵ÷̵ֽ
ϵĺˮ࣬Ҳּ󡢺ģͷͱкˮȥʪ塢ģѶµˮһĿʼЩۣϵۣ˵ҰѱӸϣģΪ˻Ͳ

۶ҲŽëҲ˵õʱҲһһҲֱļˣʹһѣŻʹȥҲ˵ոסһһε

ʱžЩˣˡİǺñӣطźּֽػصϣţǲŪ㣿ԺСЩ

һӦûУӲȴͷȥʱǽӲģð춼û
ҲʧˣֲģֻεرӣذţʾǸ⣬ȻûзӦҲ˵֪ãԼ˯ˡ

һҹûаԼԼһֱ˼ڿǿԼѹʱǿַ·ûдڹһ

糿ոˣתͷͿڲڡáˣǱŤرתͷëһװ˯ͷеʪûʪһƬģԷģڻ壺çײˣԺٲˣԭһΰɡ
СĵʣҸ㿴ɣһҪʱҩ

︧֮οʾһ¡ʱҲΪ˺ӣһ̰գ
Ҳ˶öļֱûԭˣԼȴʹ־塢òյĿʹ԰ΡʱӲܻܣֹܣѵļ޾

ǡһδǿ.ȻͲǵһһˡվǿ.Ժ᲻صޣ᲻нȨƺǿ᲻вͷ
ôڻûкӡ

˼񳱣ֵ÷쳣ƽؿһۣ˵áڲˡ

˼еζٸһ

ȴü˵ҽһϣ۵ҪɲԷſң

ڨڨطſҿһҲˣµ˯һϣţ۲ŹأϽƿ˳ƿ˿۵ӣȻڵúţǲ̡ϽȥҩٻתĿӶѾϵˣñڴС

һôĮƤЦˣСҩʣ׺ܺõģ԰ɣ

˼һ񣺡㲻ڣҲ͹ˣ

µĺӣ޴ظ߸վǰͷ·𱻳Ҫضѵȹʱֺõ˵ãմζȹӸȥˡҸµģ
ƨƨ߾ƨɿӸȹӣһ߰ϲĸֺɫ԰һ˵ϲԼ

˼ƿԼӱ߳һɫͨ޲ȹϵϣһũŮȻǲԼױ̨ͨͷһĳ˳ˣͼ򵥵ľʢCƣôҲһÿ
Ĵյױ̨ǰһηĻ䣬˵ÿģƣĺ챦ʯɺϳϵȻ˿ķɷҲµúܡֻ

ַɲߣ˼ŷɷӲӵĳС˿ΡΡװʮĺ챦ɺְۣеĽﻨһÿ

εؾŻ䣬һ뷢ˣ˼㲻ҪҪҿһ֮Ǻ˽ģдͣɴǡȥˣ

˼ŤͷûٴתЦӣֶ䣬ббϣĮ˵һ䣺л¡

ĳԱ񡣿׼ֺĻڷĿλãĳ򶼱ɢĴߵס˴룬ԭýµķٱջʱҲ廨ɿģһƷ˶ǣüۣһЦⶼûе촽ŲӵƵаӡĸոյĻˮһӷĲӣץץͷƤͷɥ˵ˡ˵ģлҪú˵

˼֮ãЦּ

Ȼ˿©ֿ˿⣬ʣôȥϳҪҸջˮ

˵ûʲôҪ£ٲ鿴һ»س̵ˡ
һֺܹĵطˣ԰ˮ˴󹦣Ҵûسǰ͵ʱͷ㿴¤Լںʱ˵ж࣬Ҳ٣ҳˣͷһҲΪǵԼҳˡ

˼⵹ܲһ»ظйǹҪϣҲҷ䣬Ǹ˵ĶԹ˵ͷʧͷʧأ

һ˵ô࣬ϲ⣬ǰļ˵˵öԣһ

仰漴˼ϣµĳѵǹڣ

Ů棡
ļֱҧȻʱһ㻵ƢҷǿЦ˵ãúáȥϳúϢϢ³㡣

˦ֳӪţÿͷŹ˼ϴˮˣʱͷֱӡȻ²СˣƵĵطź裬ı޺۽˱裬ŸȻԸ˺۶޶ã˵ˮעȣҪ¶Ȳʣӳ㡣

˼˵ӻôãҲҪˣȥˣ

ʱۿίί˵Ůɡ

˼ͷ˵ѵûôŵۺͱ޺ۻجΣοϣ

Ĵ˿ΨֲǢ˼⣬æԶӻ֣Ͻˮſھˡ

ϳĲɡûɶҪ£³ܸɣس̵ķͰźˣֻͷǡߺǰҹԺʱĿǵ˼ģֿ޵죬ǵ˵˵ǽͷ㣬ȴûﲻ⡢Ȼѵһ䣺ųŭ޻תءһƬ̵Ļֻ˯ȥˡ

벻ס
糿ѹĵ˼ȻĮҲЩԱСƢûô;һʲôΣ

Ĳͷ˻㱨س̵ͻȻһõĻ¹ټʺ˹Իʵ˵˾ʲô
ɫ䣬һڵǰͷ˵Ĳһһȥ죬Щ㱨Ҵҳоʡ


 75 
˼һƬӪ֮, ݲԻѩ, Զ̫םƲ¶˵״, ů٣ҲûĹâ, ϣֻƤأü°İ׺ͷɫĳȹѩ¹µԭҰһ㣬תɫ

ͷĻ¹˵ûȰȥ

ĴճףоȥǺڳ, ʹɫ˿޶Ҳ޷ůʸСԶıݸդ¥ϵڱѾ칭ȻҲԥλ󺹳ҵŮĿ, ǰŷԸġ޻ɱ⡱, ǹǴ󺹵ͷһ桢ס㣿

ˡҶһ
֪λŮɽյľٶԾ, ƱҪ֮ŭֲ֪˭ᵹùǨŭˡ

ǿŭ, ǰԵ˼Цǲˣȥתת͸˵ѽ, Ҵȥòã

Ŀת䵭˵ҽﲻ

뵽Ű, ЩǸθУЦҴ㵽ͷɢɢ

ˡ˼˵, ˶˾顣ˣҲǺõġתȥ

Ĳײһü֮ĵҲ޷˿̵˼Ľ顣ȥţˣµسضһſȥ˵ҵô
ȻһͲǡɫСϣͷ軭һֻأͷ«έѾ˸ΣһɫĿҶ׵έɫ붹̵ر䣬ɫͼԵø塣

һ㶼ǿ߻£̲סڣÿǺÿͼԢʵڲá

˼ͼԶЩȻµ˵Ҿúþˡ

ĳĬ˺һڳ˵ˣҲѾǸˡһ١ٶغұŤʲô˼

˼ֱЦһֻŤһ£ܲˡôӱơ裬仰Ҷ˵ʱʱսսģӦţúЦ˵л¡
תͷ˵СֶӣϷˣʱܵײˤͷʱֱ׳ؿ޺Ѿ˵ǸˣΪʲôҪ򣿡ԭǵ˼·һģƮƮһ仰Ǹ⻰˵ʲôԹ㡣

ıϬĴǷǺԶԣֻҧгݵֻܽ飡Ųҿԡ

ţҶţ˼¶ǿЦǵԭø㶥ײѪֶΣҲʶҪ㣬ؾˡҹԹܳͺãαػҪ׷ʲôأһˣʧһˡǡŮ롷˵ģֻҪһжάϵİƫϣαػҪԼԸ
˴ԼأŮ˼ңиӣźˣӾͺáҪԸʲôҪʲô

ĻڶֱǷ˼ǵͷȡ

ҹԼԼĿͿߣҲǻŻŵģ˵Ҳôġҳ嶯ˣĺڣԺˡҪʲôҲ㣬òã

˼ͷ˵鿴ǿȨǿǰҲ޿ɱ粵ֻܲ˵Կ
ܣߣСĵذַϣ㲻Ҫߡ֪һϣ˵޻תء뿪ңݱԥˣĺ£Һ㻹ǣû½Һһӵ¡

˼̧ͷЩ졣
Ǻܱˣͷ磬ʵһӪأҲȻġһأɱԸھС
ҡһ˯ˣѵ˵λ

˵˵ʲôɵʡ

ĿȻЩֻ֣̿ϰԵزֳ˵˵˵ǽͷ㣬ȴûСųŭ޻תء
СĿŵ˼ı飬ɫʼھ̶ƽ

˼֣͵͵սսġյû˦ʹһһֺõЦݡ

˼֣оָ͵͵ģ붺Ц
ЦôЦó
ǣϱˮԾǰ󼸾仰ʱ£Ѿηˣİ⣬ĺޣҽˡ

ǽûй꣬ȻҪһ𣬵ȻǰѽáĿӣȻֿܳرԺ㣬ǿˣԸ⣬ҾšǲиҹҪôҡҶУˣӰɣֱֻһ̳дͳѽ

ᵽӣ˼̲ס

ļæ˵֪ӺۣŮ˺ܴ󣬷ҲСԣҡ߳޼ҵĶ䣬һǵأмأ

û˵һһģô˵ǿ󲿷ΪŮ˼쾭壬Ǵ治ǡ
˼ִأ˵Цˣĺ󹬽ƣʺһҷ˸һһǶǶɸһʽ󺹻ƽǺ󣬴Ϊ֮ƣùɺ󹬣֦ɢҶû̫ӣû͹

̣˵ֵ

˼ԭǼظ˲ƹ촽һ²ЦӲסˡ

Ǻεˣϸ΢ıһӾͿˣʱôߵЦ˵ⲻң

ս۵񻨰һָ·ѬȾķĦ£̲סȥգ˼ҵĳմ㿴ãͻ֪

Ȼ֪Ͼҹҹôã˺õʱͷΣҲĨɷǿȨͰԵʱĿɶ񡪡һôȴΪʮĳǶ͵ˣйĶҪþõһӣĵܻǱŲΡ
ԣڶĲϵǵ˼պͲӵʱܹŴηӵ侲ģĳմ֪ǣҲ̹ϣԼҲ׵ġ

ȶʹǶʱͣߣؿڵɸС
ŭˡ
˼̾ѱƢֻܾȺ

ȻƬ̺ĸ첲ֱ۾ﲻ̹ϣ

㲻һֱжڴԽ˭

۲ʼӿ񳱣üҲ϶ţҲԽԽ
Ȼڴ˭ǡԽǲ֪ݺ޶ĶʼɣֻԼ⡪Ϊһ֪ˣȽϣ飬ѡ

ⲻǲ̹ϣ˼

ЦüĿɱϢ·žͿ¾ѪƯƣõģ㣺Խ˭

Ů˿̰Ȼաƿȫֵ侲΢΢ЦڳŪŪڶƲסһĶʱƿôŪôŪôݻپôݻ١
ʼЩ⣬ִոŪȥֱĲ

˼оָ¶ȶȻ½ոջůҾƣȴƵģһ
˿̣ǴģǣɵҲǾ޴ģһڤŭܰıȫմ

˭㲻Ҫ̹ô㲻Լôôڲ˵׼ˣҲ𰸡ƽȥͷ֣ĶͷѾ䣬ȴůĸоˡ̫ˣڿ񡣶룺źáΪ˵ҪˣҲԸ۲ıӺꡣ

Ȼ˼ʣǣô֣

Ц˭ʹ˯ﶼᵽأ

˯ﰡ˼ĵ˵Ҳû˵

 76 
һı, ˵, ˼ѾˡԽĳ, ںĹ⣬ĵжд̡Ϊĸ׵ÿһ, ϧŶ硢ϦСĺӡ
һĶԳԽɲĹԳԽʧȥΪĺӣҲΪˡ

һȻΪеĺӿ˯֣

ұһҪϵˡص˵ͷ, ȴò벻˵

ǵ˼˵۵ˡ

ĵݼҪҧˣۡ, ʲôγ˵һ䡰ϲһ䡰ۡһζûУΪô࣡һģ
, ˼̧ͷ, Цȥ˰ɣǲʲôûв鵽

Ŀ̹ȻüĿһξ̹Ȼôɶ, ֱݺݳһǶ, ̧ȴ²ȥ, 󸧵ϣ˲ηĲ˼, ΪʲôҪôңҶһġ

˼ηػصҵһģǲΣ޲Ҳ˽ӴȫĹˣ

ǡӢŤúˣָظʺϣ·ҪȥĲšϣˮηɫʼûµ֡

˼˱۾ˮݺ᣺ģԽѾˡ˺ܾúܾáÿο㡪
дһЩǣûа˵Ļ˵
ϾһûгԽһĶҲû˺ԽӦеһĴȻÿοιξзʱģͶԽڵ붾Ϊ飬ͬб

Ƕ˼ͻȻǺǡЦԣһ˵ƷҲˣ
ģ

˼ֻҡҡͷȴһҲ˵
ǰô˵˵Ķӣɱ

ҲãȻ
ʱЩպΪʲôǰļȻһЩѣҲڹĽ߲

˵ˣԽˣҲûа㵱ƷĴ̸ðεˡҡģǶ侲һºòãȰ

һʱ߲ŭֱԼӦúһ˼ƽϡ̫СˡֿƲסԼϣ˼ȫģ嵽鶼ǡϲһõĶ

һµԲȡؽƤޡվſڣߴҵţ·Ƿŭ˻ˡ

˼ֱӣһġ

϶㷸˴ôͽҵģȻţñӴԼؿڣҵģʹǶʼˣʼһˣʼռôҪλãʼҴûн

˼ĬĬƾˮݺᣬǲ˵ˡʵҪһ˵ĴףҲûа취

Ĭ˷ŭһֳķŭ

ȻȻҵҪǨŭ
һſǰǸ¹پͳŭĿˡѹ͵Ǹ¹٣㿿޵ôʲôʲô
ŭɶĶʼɡķ߿¹ȥô¼ūƾʲô֪Ķʼɡķ߿

ؽһӡ
˼ű罦߸ߵѪȻʬصصĶ
죬ֿʼ

ʵ۴߿ˣ֪ɾԸ񣬸ϽˮˢӣſڵϲˢſںͷͲϵѪ

˼һŴţ硰عҲûоú䡣ǿǷŭģҲЩʧǣӲƲסǷŭĳ㻯һĴǷ棬ҪģҪһһĺ޷йҲù
ںˣͲƽģùˣͻѪƯƵı硣ѪֺˣվȨ۷壬ȻԵʸ

֪ʲôʱϤŮɣĻȻֲˣ

˼̧ͷȴĵĸվǰŴǺüҲûʲôЦ⣬º͵Ȼʡ
̻شţҡҲ֪ôƢ̫ҡ

ЦһһΪҪҽ̾Ͷڷ²Ӫɱˡ廹ϵˣƴŽһ٣С˵طȻͲˡ
Ȼּ˴İһҶĲ࣬˵ǻʷｲԸɡơУӦñҶɣ仰˵գʩʩȻȥЩɱķ²ûʲôôСֵģˣܵ˰ǡ

˼ѵ
ǻ
һֱ˹Юߣ벻ˣⱲӡϱӶǣȻеĶȥܰɡܵļˣһأҲûʲôµġ

²ӪȥԶĿҵЦһ̾ƣʲôȤɱ

ϸϸѪѾݲͷ˹ҵļдԼǲǻ˶ս
۾һ̲ѪߣҲ²ӪԼľȥЩҵ״̬ȥɣ˵ģܡ

󡭡ͨ󺹡͵ϸϸģ·𱻷紵Щƣ

꣬ĲҺ.

ֹһоԼ޴Ӱסˡ̧ͷҲ֪ǶŶͬӰӡӰӴ̾ƵѪȣıƽǰһƬ

ܺЦƵģ֮У

˼ãȻҡҡͷҡҲ֪

ĺģЦţһƤҡʱƮɢľζɴ˶ཡһ̾ƣĵϲдѪϹŵƤҲдѪ١
㲻֪ʲô˵ɱˣʲôʱҲİã

ԶԶشͷٺȵƣ֮ŭѪƯҲδɡΪɥʧǲŶԣ

˼⻰û˵Сƺܲĸ׵߶ɫѿһ̧ҹֺһڣȻѾԶԶ׵ˣͷдľˮһݵأ˵ƻܽ
ñ޸̧˼°ͣЦ˵ϲʲôƤģñӻ

󺹣˼Ŷ}ûţ㲻Ҫ֮¡ҡҺúø˵Խʵ

Ļͷһӱֹסˣı޸˵촽ֹ˵ʹδҲܿ۾ŭҵģ
ȻݺʣҵƤǰ˺ɾ

תͻȻӺݺݵسһߵ˩׮ϣһŭ

˼һ󿴼Ǹù˩׮ͷֲڵƤ¶ͷ׻ľ

˵Ȼȥʲôʱҽ͡ʲôʱ

תıӺݺݳľͷϵ
ΧҲΨһŭĻʵǨŭ

˼ֻӲͷƤߣҲҪǨŭˡ
ȻûߵطͻȻضĽŲոһתһͷëҰǣһ

תӦʱѾͷ±ڼˡ
ʲôĺ°ֻͽ͵ı˿޶񣬱ؼףĵüƬ죬Ķˡ

⼤ŭˣָһơⲻĴ߰˳ĺᣬ۵ץ˿޶񣬺һŻˮ˿޶һεţһһһ͸ȥγһСԲߡ

ҶˣĿǵǶȥĶǷйĶ
ָƥؼսߺҲ˵ƻʵɫҲʣսľǣƥؼս

ġһ£ѵ˼һƥáԼһƥȻ˦¡ƥսǺԵģӴƥϲʹʱܿˡ
ĵȻǰָ³Ӫȥ˼ƥš

˼ˮƽ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ôָӷӲĥձļۡۼԽԽ죬ϵķģһظǰܡſǻġģһ㡭

ǰûҲˤ

֪˶ãںĲݳţۺƾӶࡣ˼ãȻ޼ʵֻõģ治巽Ҳ֪ԼѾﶬԭİرݣб̫Ĩ˵һϼʱ򣬶ĵǰԾظ
ͣҲֹ㡣

һѽ˼ϳһȻЦؼƥܲ졣㲻ǵôҶײʹô³

˼ῴЩǸԽĴڵˡñָŵ˼˵տˣ˵ա
۾Ҫʵ̫ˣͰιǣ


 77 
˼ڵ, Ӷ, ֳŻѩĲݵ, ܿ춳ͨ졣

ҪĻشѽϾǰ, ѻšټ϶ԸƢǰ޹ĸ磬Ҳƽϰɣ

룬Ѿֱƽˣ޸˴ĸ첲ףΪϵùȥҸ㣬һˣԭϻǣ

ֻҪ, ˼ûôǡϾǰλѵҲһͷǣ
ֻò֡ʣ, ûֹ, ȵ۸, ¤ʱΪʲôܹдʫľ, ̫׼ã

ü, һ˵㸸ʱЩĶ䣿

˼ҡҡͷ, ȻĵλԵ֪ںļƻ

ôΪʲôҲһֱ벻ͨ, յҲԸꡣ

˼ôǣͻȻµĵн̧ͷŶġ

ͷߴٵ˵ѽ˵ʲô˼



ĺǳҶ
˵һͻȻԣһµſڵϣŵһһµ˵ߵ˲١

ԾȣʱƵģɿ죬һ߽ǴһѸ˹ﻹͬʱǳţôôѽ֪ǵѣץô

˼ոոˤƨʹ鼱ҲٲʹһȳһյߡõǴͷرߣǵ˼ҲɡѾ칭ű߰ɫݵأע˶ˡ

˼˳ĿԶһʱëȻ亹ˣԭͷ۹ƥٷɿ죬ֻܿٲľˡ

˼һ˶ԿʵЩܣôרעֲ˵Ͼ˿һۡ
ۼƬ֮䣬Щֽˣϵ·塣˼ԽǴƽǻɫսסЩӦں

ӦҲˡ촽úܱ۾Ͷӥһ⣬һһԣ۹·ûе˼Ӱӡ
ʱŽСͶȻ칭ΪѾ˶ٲ

ӡͻȻԵ˼˵мϽһȥѹš
һ˵һߡಡطż

Ķƥûзȣһһ׼
һӦ

Ķǳ죬ų˵ڶ۾һк׼ˣһӦأͷײһڴʯϣѪø߸ߵӶü

Ҳʼż˼һνսաֻ˵СͶԾѾ඼εֽס͸
ߡ쬡طɹƥؼףżмǼߴϡҲؼף˼̧֪ͷһۡͷҲ۾һǳͷ

˼ϽͷԼӺ档

ʣµԽԽָɵǵһ壬Ǹһ˶ĵȡûؼס
һҵ˻һ쥲࣬Ȼ򵹣Ȼȫ

˼ؿһ˲䣬ɵذѽŴѳȻδµʱһԾ£־͵һδ֣ڵϣһļֱ.˵۾ִӺԹᴩ˲ϵɳȥض

˼أû͸Ѿ侲ؿʼһ裺ؼҲһӾͦνڵδȴûļ˺һһ˿

ݵؼȺѪͻѩһڻȥˡ

ּ˵˵ƥ̾һֹţΨһû˵ؽôŤˣ
ǸֵŶĵļᴩԴֵ̫ĽŻû㵹ƥҲŤˡ

ղš˼ģһ䣬ǾȻ˵

ͷ˿Ȼϣ˫սɫɷסǣһߣ˵

˼Ŭʹ룬ð춼ûܳɡ

ûһȻְְϱ
ģ̽ͷбԶֶԵ˼˵ҵѾˣǵҲ޷ˡ
Ȼ˵˼˵˸µһ䣺Ǵ󲿶ӣӦ˵ļơһοġؼҲ˵

˼Ѿ˼ͻȻûѪǻ֫ٺȫǱġ

ʱһɵġǸ侲˽ĵһֱǣֺԶŮҪСȻҪ
Ȼֻһߣǵġ

ϾӸ߸ŵ˼һ鶼ûУȻԶ

ƥףԶ̳ҲĿ

˼˵ģҲ㡣Ұذ׺òã
ҪʱԲáںʹ࣬ʹࡣ

ǹһЦݣϱߵһߵɽʲôû˵Ҳûժذ׸˼Ǳһӣɽĵطȥ

˼ıӰȥ
׷ƥٶҲǼģǴӱĹ̳ۼ͸ˡ
ֻźºϵʹһȥѰ

Ǹѿ˼Ůӣո˲俴һͷӣͲҿͷ­ѡԽʬ塣ѡߵԶһЩǼģûôЩ
ȻĿˣǶĵֱŻ

罦ѪˤȹǵŤֵ״ѪӺ˶ѪڣһĿһ˫ͭĴ۾ţȴһĹ⻪ûˡ
һССĽֵ˼ͷƾŸо䳶ģŶմ·ϵѪʶǵζĵָС˼θһڣŻˮˡ

Ҳ벻ͨɱ˲գ۵Ķħָôģ

׽ֵСĿˡҲ㲽ֻôЩ˺ܿղһת۾Ҫǰˡ˽ֵλεϦĺ⣬ӳճ԰׵
ˮһڵϣ˼ԼľʲôأһصˣֻͬѡǺˮʱҲʹģغ͵࣬߸ʺѪܵҲ಻
ŰѵгԼ۾ƽһ¡

Ѿߣ˺ģԼϺݺһ£ûϾͻȻһʹֵѾॡء

ߴϤں޺޵

һߵΣǶġ

е㲻ͬŵԺģϵĶؼѾжˣbшŻǹȵġƥϵؼҲжˣϵĶǴ״ڡܳе˵

Ѿ
Ӷߺشˮһſܿ϶ɴӲıǡűŵůҲӭķж䣬ûڵϸոոƤ޾һ£һɫĹǺΪ̫ˣҲоʹ

ߵƷ䵽ϵʯϵġ顱
˼ʣΪʲô

û˵ɵ

ȷʵɵ˼ţЦ
Ѿܹ߷ɹѾ䵽˼֮ƥ˵ĺأʵ̫ˣܲˡ

ͻȻһƺߡ

˼ԻͷȻ۽⿴ձ߾ǴѪɫͷŵĵѣͷһƣһᴩ˶ĵǣڲΡΡĴ
ģҲ

ɫˣŨصüԽԵúڳġ˵ûҪٷϻ

ֵûзһ˿˫ȼӹţѵ˼ѹ͸

ѵؼףѵûüϣԹķΪ㡣
ˮ£ûн͹䵽ĵֱϡ

˵ˡԼԸġҸոպˣҲźϡ
߶߶˵䣬˼ԽءļʪģŨصζ
ǣ͸ոյȡذʱһͬѪζ޷УһͷҪѶĴȥ

ʶ;ѾЩͰҿغ֡

Ҫ˯֮ǰֳأѹڵ˼ϡ
˼ҧסĸ첲ȥȻ֣һµͨһһҡ˻ȻСϪԾڵʯ۹ήĲݵأϵֱʵפӪضȥ

׷ҲԶԶؿ˱ȺӰӣסû׷

ƷͣϢˣڶߡٽţ˼Ǳرĺк;κģþţ󺹣


 78 
ʵפĴӪƬըƵĻҡǷûŭûأ
ҲͶˡ

һ˹, ҽѾ¶ͷļͷͼ, , ˿ҾҩֹѪ
һ۶, ֿһ۱ϡ϶Ѫ۵ĵ˼󻷹ܣ˵ڼϣ£˭ڣҾɱ˭˵оʵճǡ󺹻ǵгԺӾǡ

ɷףЦ˵ԡఢȰҴоʡ

˿̣ȶǵһҪ񣬶ֵȻĸϡ

ҹ, ˼ڶĵ壬׼ҽˣ, ǾҽһͷȺ
ô˼ʡ

ҽĨһѶͷҡ
û˵Ҫ, Ѫ˲, bшóġ
ҽôȥ

˼ԼЩϾҲвжΣҪóԽµŭ, ֲӵϰߣ, ޵ĵˣѵ׻
رһ, мһⲻ֪ôȥ

ҽȴѾ߶߶⼸յĻΪҪ, ѪȻֹסˣ˿ڲٱſǲ巢Ҫء˿ǹᴩģμȻûʲôǾ¼ɾͷᲡ

Ҫôأ˼ʡ

ҽ˳һҾÿϴ˿ڣҩܶϣʳ˯߶ҪСģɾůȱһɡġž˰ɣ
˿˼ͻȻּһ䣺У׺֮ǰ.¡

˼ɬһ䡰֪ġȾҽ뿪ˣͻȻһ

ƿӽ棬ɫ԰ţϰ.㣬˵Ű׾һֱҸ£׾ྻ覣ǼͷĵطѪɫ
ţбŰϵŵüһҩƷ˼ˣ˵ô׵ľҽˣʰ޸ɾˣ

ȻأһԵİǸҩƿյġյģţϸǽ壬Ѫĸɾ˿ҾƵƤҡϼͷļмƳƬšɾµˣǲ̰
ΪõһȺ¹ٰҽȻʰ¡

˼˵ûƽ㣬ǰذʰɾܣ˵С£˵ϢЩá

ЦƨˣûӲָûķΣûŹͷҲСֵġ绹ȥأ

ǡͷͻʵ۵Ž
˼˵ȳԶɡһˡ

Ƕˣһ綼ûʲôθڳԷ硰һ̾ƣȻսðشӪˡڵ춼͸ˣûһ⡢һ׵
ͷһǾҽķԸмࡢ̲衢Ӹ֮ϸĶʱŭˣ͵Ǽʳ

ģ˼ȰҽķԸ϶ĵҲˡһ֮õĳԣԺʲôûУһ̰ɣ

бһۣûǨŭֵɡ

˼˹ʳǰȴ֣ܿҨһ׼ͣм࣬˴¶УȻ͵ڱߡ

ҵûзϵ
ʵϵط֣Ŵ죬ˡ

ӸҲģѡϸ۵ϸãĶ˸ʳࡱŵ˼ȫˡȻŶƤüЦȻǴһ´ٸ棡

ʲô˼һʱû׹δЩգֻǸ˵Ĳˣýƽϰˡʳʰã˵ûпŪ㣬Ҳûпֺ㡣ϲŭ֣а𣬺һġ

˳ŪЦݣգ۾һ˵ôأ

˼һ䡰Ųţ
Ǹˣ˵еʱҡ

Ŀתʰõʳ˵ŵĵطл¹ٽˣָϽţ鿴˻̿𣬺ŷ
˵һ¡

˼˵Ҳˣսǻ¹ٸҲ͵

ʶԼһģҹԼǿ£һίСһθƸûװʲôʳ
ֻܱԹûɫļһͷʳֻһݣͿежˣİãӻ˼һһһӣǺúóԣ

ȵ˼ҲˣѾЩ˼ģţǵĴ⻹ûأʱ䡭ϴһ¸Ͻ˵ĸˣɱ

˼ϴһ£ߡֺʱðΣգѵս׺ƥףӪЩҲƮһֻܿӲǺŵ̾˿

ģȣҲû˽鹴˼ҪĻ˵ˡ

ͷһֲĻͷ˵ģܲӸ¶ʱˣ۾ôģëһü컹΢΢ţӾЩɵкƵĿɰ
ԼҲԾû˵ߣ̧ͷô˵

˼ߡ

Ȼһɫұﳤ̣ûͬߣ
ǿɫ˵֮˵꣬Ȼһ¶ʱǣ˿ڣѹ˴ʹü죬Ҫǿһ꣬ȵ˼˵ôʲôСС˿ڶѣֲۣ

˼ʵڲҷɱ˷Żģһŭ֮Լӡ
˵Ҳˣ˸ʱ⣬ÿҲȻȻɽġȹӣߡ

ʱоֵ󣬴ƨɡﻹ˵һ仰ʵǴڲɣȴ°͸ͷҪ۲ɫûѡ

˼ЦãҲû֣ɫҽ˵ˣӽ.£

Цһ¸Ϊ⣬顣˵ʱˣ˭£ֻǸԽǺηʥ̫ߣûκ˵ɱֵñ˶֪ʱҲʰҲҪʰˡ

˼Ƴһ̵ۣһ£˵ģŲǰ

ü˵ֻأ̸ŲţûǰֻءͳԽʲôϵ
˼άݣ˵ʱϲҲŷ̵ģҲǰ֮˵в֮׹֮ͳԽʲôϵ𣿡

أͼǵҵһ˼΢΢̸սһСʱӣͻȻһתͷһĵ۾ѾˣèƵģشĿ˯ˡ

⸱ͷ첲˯ӣһ׺ûУʵе˼ĸԴĶǣƯգŨŨĽüǷ촽ʵԽԽúÿƽ棬ֻӢȴûϸϸ۲ģÿһϸڡ

ˣ˯ô°ɣҸҴҴӡ

ẨĲŪƵĸŶᣬǲѡ
ƽ˯ߺܺãֻҪ£մ˯˯ʱܾȡǽ˯񲻴Ծ

˼Ķǣ󾪣
˸գ

 79 
˼, ſںֵҹľҽꡰ˺ü, ֹһ, ŶҲˣżҽΧĶת, üͷҲ˵

ҽҾƸĲֻֽŶͷž

˼ۿüͷʣôˣ

ҽͷһߵ׵Ȼеʱûб¾ºȾ񳼵Ҳ޷ֻܿӹǿǿ׳

ʵǿǿǴҪ, ڱ߲ԭսΨһܾ˵ľϲԣ

˼ĿжӨӨģ
ͻȻŤͷʣŮ, ܴܲӦ, úչ˶ģ

˼ŵͷ̫šģˮͻȻͻ

, ǸǾ䡰ҪˣҲͻˡвû˵ӻ, , һֽҾƸ˿ڳϴ
ĺʹķӦû, ػ˯š
дĸһŶӵĶͷ, ղ˵ΨһӣҰԼһ㡣һҪΪȥ۾գһ¡

ĸ˼
û뵽һ䣺Σ⣬ʵ֮ңҪľͲǶӣƿ֧飬ܱȻ̽ϢܽдЩؽǵõϢģĵȨԣֻܷչоȥչֻܽˡ㣡

бӿŵ˼µ̴⣬嵭ϬɫļᶨͲ͸ڹġ
˼֪˿˵ĲϺѽһĸѵʱѡǷչ˶ӣԱоȨλ

ǿǰ˼Ҫ׾Ҫطâͷǡ̫ġ

ӣ̾˶һʱôûдףҲжף

˼ǡһ죬ͷҲܸоɨӹ⡣ԥ˵󺹵˼ƥؼ˵󺹵ʱҲؼסֻѡж׻ȥ

һƥʮһ˴׸ʮȵ˼ء

ɨһۣӦû˵ѣΪĻʱǳȥʱ˼ƥҲԹӣֱӰŮ˶»ɱ˻ˣɵӷǵмķպһǼɫԼĽ̵Ժȥˣ
̾˵ɡҲֻܿˡӵգ˵϶ɡ

˼ѱĵıҴãָһµֽ˿̵ɫȻʱʧѪĲ԰ףյó죬촽ûʲôѪɫյøɸɵġִӱһյˮ
Ƶģҧţռ⾷΢ЦһˮȲȥ

˼øɾմˮ촽ˣһḶ́һеĺ޺񶼲ˣֻû¾ͺá
һˮƽʱʱ˿촽һҲɽ⿪ˣˮι˽ȥ
ʼʲȥˮˡ˼ǵĲˮģԹԺȵˮһѹһһʮĸأͲ֪ˣ˵ţܿƵһϡٺһڲιȻˣ

ཡһֱ֮˼ιüˮٴλ˲ٴþϴ˿ڣѾͷİӴһ졪Ѿˡ
Ҳ֪Ӧ˯ˣ굽ߣһֻ֣ҹʲôʶԼ˯ˡҲ֪˼˶ã˯ˡ

ѵʱ򣬶֣۵ġȻգ૵߽˼˼Һˡ

˼̽̽Ķͷֺ庢һ֪ˡҪӽĻͲһˡڼȻѾˣͼӰѾͦһءǷĶ顭
ԽԽͣСһӿԳ˵գ˵ģͷ촽һ¡

ĺסˣ߽΢۾սëš˼֪ĵУעһ˵ƭôʵûƭҵģ뿴ҵķӦ

Ľëĸ첲ڲࡣ
һ㷴ӦûС

ԸǱˣˡ
˼ʧˣޣϸԼʱǴʱ㿴ĵİأô侲ؿҪľôԼôڱˣҪµˣ

ɻȥŶĵĸ첲Ժ룺ҽ˵ʱҾƲһ˿ڣҪøɾزĻСһβҩѾһʱˣ˯İ죬Ҫһˡ

Ҫ˯ţͻȻк𣡻𣡡ģֻ㯵Цߺ˶ʮ껹ֹ˼Һѽɴ׷䣬ֻǵʱȻҪʱûа㡭

ںЩĪġ˼գ۾Ҳû͸ĺں׷顢Ȼʲôϵ

Ļ̵ģһþˡ˼Ը벡˵ĺĸ첲˵ģˣǰǰ

һҹûô˯ڶ糿ϴ˿ڣҩѾ۵ûˡĹõĻ¹ٹּ֣ҽ˼ǿžʣ󺹽ô

ҽҡҡͷɽȥ˿⣬ЩЩҪϽҩˮЩȻʧѪô࣬һռȱˮ߲䣬ֻ̫ͦá

Ȼˣ˼ǵⶼûˣﰧģǿ򶨵ͷ˵ףһСĹעŴ󺹣
ΨԼҲ¹һæעʵҲȫû취һǲĶģҲϵӵ

İҲѣôʱ˵ģһ˫۾´һʣôˣ

˼ỨЦᢣȻ

ãȻؿŶĵ˼ʶֺñط꣬˺һգһЩЦ˵˺óóجΰѹֲʲôģʲôеˡ
һգ·ֻдʵָвȷԼ˿̲Ρ˰죬ǿЦţҲ˵尡ڵĴҲء

˼ţϽιҩιˮι¾ҽ˵ӰȬæµļ϶ԼǶӣֻģӴμѽμðܹΡ˵ǺͷأٳһڣƭСƵİһˡ

ؽ¾ˡ۾Ϣ˲Ƭ̣۾˵εúءһƬ͵ķ㡭УиĻܣкһȺ̵ʦùõͷۡ
˿˼һɫϵŶɫȹֺص˵ﻹ֬ɫ庣Ļˡһ۶ϳأ

˼ῴȻǵãǵһμ棬¤ĺ԰ʹһشǧǸǽ͵ɣͰһ۵ģԶ̻ԺСȹǷۺɫģ
ģ˿ΨжŵģҶˣԺҶഩۺɫ㿴㿪ģ

ãȻ֡˼Թסһһ㣬˵áΣҲáˡ

ʲôѽ˼֣һءôΣȴе˵Ļš

ʧһЦеûҲûճһƬطƤʧѪɫĲ԰ףüҲĺ͵ӡҡͷ˵ֻ϶ģֻǵôŴŵĻҰסˣۡۺۡŻⶼɵȥˡ

ڷأġ˼ߣָšһֽǰյˣûƵġˣģǸٳԵ㶫

ذճõС̹ˣűʾ죬Դô˰ؿûٳԣֻ԰˯ˡ

˼ֻİׯεǸ£
ׯΪȻҲ־룬֪ҲȻ޾޾ȻҲ֪֮Ϊ룬֮Ϊ룿зӡ֮νﻯ


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, ĵ״̬ʱʱ, ÿǿѲһʱ, ǻ˯ûˣ⽩Ӳ;εëˡ

˼һ㲻ҵչ, ȫΪҪùˮС£ҲҪЩ¹٣ΨǶġ

һȦȦģΪÿҹﶼ˯̤ʵҹҪѺö̽Ķͷ, ΨĸôԶѲˡ

Ҳ˺üΣüĶӻӣ²˵ĳȧ, Ҳֻڻʵ۵Ż, 󻹻Ҫֽ۾, ΨֺƤ˿ߣĵĲȡ

˼, Ҳʼе˼, ۽˵ѵʱ, ļûоʣĽѾʼ, ЩֵģоҲǿˣһЩֹվɣֻ˵ˣ޴󰭣ۻеװתһܡô֧ľӣܻ˷ֶĲԾûв͸ǽֻƬﴫ԰ˮһǾΣˣ

˼ǵؿֽһ۾һֻ۾͸ŵ˼
˼ڵͷ˵ϵ£Ҳֻܺúչ˴󺹡ֻҪܺһж⡣

Ҳϣˡ˵ţҲЩֿ˶һۣҴȳʮһɺںõʲôϢ˻ԶЩء

Σ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷ˵ģ֪㣬Ҳ֪ǵĶ򣻿ɴж̫죬󺹵ӹô

뵽㣬Ҳֹסˣð췽˵Ҳǣڲߣɺںٴ֮Ĵ㶼ˡ
ʵģߣЩֵĻ󣻲ߣðЩǶı˵ĺɺһʱҽ
ü˼ţһ¶İ㣺ðɣȲǡػʼû˵Ѿ˼ƽϣõ˼֪˼ͷӣ뷨ûʵȥ档

ֵǲˣⲻǺסҿȺҽҲǳԸɷ֮Ѿ˼ǿʦǸЩ档

ȥˣ˼Ŀػصϣǻ˯ţͷǹ̡
˼ȻЩβҽֻҪ޺ʲôֵһԡοԴ֮󣬶Щδ֪ĶҲЩ־η棬Ͼϲɽô࣡

ŵİ£ӪַǷ˶ҹϨǸ߸ߵĲ̨ڸ߸ߵϣ紵á㵱ॡһ졣ʦɫͣЪ
мأ˼Ҳߣüž޴ߵʦ裬ҡ䶼ƺˡ

ʦ뿪ߣһ߰볨̲ѹ˵˵ģߵ˶Ҫаû££ǳһ㣬Ҳ˵㡣ȻǣҪЩ

˼ȷʵЩĻţһ̲裬˳صͷĿǼʦȥ֪ͷЩʲôֻ߸߹ͻȻճɫһƬ⡣Ǽʦеøˣ÷·Ƶġ
˼Ǹ߸ȼĻ棬ùǰһиӰɡһ

ʣ㿴ʲôˣ

˼˵һӰӡ

˭Ӱӣ

˼ʵʵش𣺡߸ߴģ̱ڻͷһ񡭡
һ·ֺǳ״
ǳ״Ķܵ⣬ͷӰӺҲ̧ͷ

ģӰӶʧˡ٣һجΣס˲ܶ

һ˵ôʲôû
Ȼʧ

һϷ꣬ʦժñӺߣô죬ǵԴϻǴ죬ͷʪ͸ˡ
ѼٹʱʵܿΣ

˶ԶԶģΨе˼һ̡
ʦҲ÷ʱش˵ɶأδҲ֪󺹽Ķ࣬ǰֵĶ򣬽ٲö

͵˼˵
һ˫˵ǰĶ򣬽ûа취ֲ

ʦҡҡͷ񴫴ûпϸ˼Ϣ

˵أǡи̣ô

ʦҡҡͷҪĸԸ񣬻
ǽֲһ䣺ֻء

ŶƺЩʧϣúõġи̣ҲˡҾͰԼ׼úֲЩʧҪٷͬĴˡ

˼촽˰죬Ҳſǻ˵ǿҲԸԼ׼񡣡
ҧ촽˵ȥˣǸʵͷôһģڻ￴˭ȻƶȴѾã׸ҲǲԵ¡

Ѹٵһۣͷ

ʦ˵󺹵Ѿдܹܲ꣬⼸ջҪ÷

ŵͷ˵Ҫʲôʲôֻãһֻ֮Ҫ£Ҷã

ʦͷǡôϢһ̣Ҫɽ˼䣬ΪٻĻǡ

ͷá
ʦתҪߵʱ˵Ҳǿɶأ㲻ҪϹС

ʵҲϹУ룬ʱȻʺ̫󡢻ʺȱȨŮпɶأԼԭȻԴӵ˻ʵۣȻΪ̫ȻҲСɶءַǶͦһأܲ㣬ʵѡΪûʵۣһ϶еùͷʣ

ʦؿ˿Ȼ˼ҲǸһϵʵˣͷ˵ǣ

һ˼طֶĵպһ㡣ķ˶˹ʱֻһУˣƣ˵ʲôʱˣ

˼ǾϲЦ˵ŵʱˡ
ȻȻĶͷ

ץ󡣵˼һʱܵһȻˡ
ϾٵɫæְַЦһŸʢءˡ

Цºָͣһǡ
ɫתЩԳ÷ƵġȻô󶼿زס

˭˵ģ˼˴࣬ȻЦڵģԼ˵ССѣҽ˵޴ˡԼˣúóԷúóҩõģ㿴ղͺ˺ܶࣿ

ľֺһ࣬Щӡȵ˼ڶʱʣôڸѽ

˼Ȼ˵ʦΪħء˵Щô
ȻڻпǸӰӣ͵͵Ƚһ£Щƣֲ̱ǷϵӲԼĺ˼룬Ͻͷࡣ

ġŶһ˯ãһֱΡ

˼Ц̫ˣҽ˰Ѳ̨ŲԶЩ
־ǳеɶĵ̨ԶʵÿƮߣϴӲ࣬䵹

ɫģĿһֱû뿪˼˵ðᣬҲûáΪҶﴫμ
ͻȻտڲ

˼ִһ࣬ʵμʲôˣ

Сĵ۾Сĵ˵μ¤㻹Ժǧ

Ŷ˼Ц
ǧӰ

ֻ˵˰䡣
μڴǧûǧܣǶԴڵһЦЦʵ¤Ҫԡ

أ˼Ϊ˽Ե㣬˵˵˵ΣҲͦġ

ĺð˵μԷ

μ˱Է˰Ц

Ĺ˵ڱԷںӡ

ͻȻһе˼Ц̡˹һĻ

߻һӤ


 81 
˼ݲƵߵš
Ŀǰˡǰһ, ƺﲻһþδεĺ, °ͺնֳɫ, ҲӲش֡

ġ˵˵˰ɡһΡ

ԼҲ˵ͷɥģ, ټ

˷˼ҩûкãûңվڰҩӱšཹཡźɫݵҩ֭

˵Ƕʲôأ

˼ƵģԥƬ̲˵ڿҩ𣿡

Լˡ˵ҡ

ֱǽ軵˵С˼ûκΣصߡҪġҲԹˡĵȻ, ˼ĺֽһ¶ƫС

һɡ˵

ͷڱһߡĺ˯, ૵˵κóó, ˵һƵôһ, ָָԼؿڡ

˼ʣ˿𣿡

ҡҡͷ汿
ָĿڡ

˵꣬, ΢˼, ġһӦûУüͷ, ʱҪ˵ֺҪ̾, Ƿһ·˵Ǹȥˡ

˼ҩѲ̣ء

˼˯УҲһֱ˯ǰʦʱǸӰӣԼƮﳤ״Ļ⡣ʱΨصĺİһЩΪ֪š

ڶһĵЩҲֻۣȴѲιҩҲһûһڣǵºöҩ֭
˼ֽ⿪ϰҾƸϴ˿ڡ˿ɫ֣ɢŲŵζţͷѪһӿ

ֵҹľҽ
ҽϸ˵ͷŧˣⲻǺףŧˮȥٴ崴ܹ

ҽȡһѷСҾڻǣԸ˼˵ۣס󺹵ӣһ̫ۣ̫õ˵˿ĴСѪܡ

˼ƵķӣҪѵ̽˿ȥŧˮѾźµòСʱֻԼԼľѪˣֻҪܾ־ʲôأΨԼסֽ⼸¹٣첲첲ѹȵѹȡ

ҽһ˿ڵƤԼ˼ʱŧѪȿֺӿʺġġƵġƵġ׵ģЩ̵ġζҲʱӿȳš

˼ͻȻԭǾõ壬ҲͬᷢܵĻͷƤŧѪ

ôȴѽڷԼпҪʧȥʱ򣬵һθоԭ˵İ˵ĲԸʧȥ

λ룬ҲһԼȻˮʱȷʵǶıһ䡣
ҲѽϣղҪ⵽˵ı

Ѿʹˣĵ۾ͻȻһž˻һҲҽฯĵҲˣɵɵţɵɵغ󺹡󺹣ڸˡ

˼ظˮϣģģţŧѪų̫ΣˣҶǣң

ͷѵģھˣҲ֪˵ķʽҽĵǰһҪƤȥһֻɶ׺Ķһ˻ƶŧѪûȫųµҲ²׼ǵɵˣǰŪ
ǺôֻǾܾҽھͶ֣ȰŧѪĹͨˣǼɾġ

ҽĿƳһһ¹١ǻ¹ٲԾһɪҲûҾܾūǰ
Ƕģǻ¹죬ǿǳ̦ͷһҪƤ˱ˮմƤϣͶҪĶҲֻˡ

ϸ΢ıڵ˼һʱֻ軵ĺһܵؾ˵ɡ

ȻǶĲܾģ뵽˿ڵֶԼԼŮıݣྻĿ࣬ôۻ£Լ㹻Բλˣ
ҲǱܵҡҡͷҪ

˼Цɵˡѽ

ǡǵġ˵ÿĿİͰ͵ģոյļɫȫûˡ

˼Цбһۣһ˿ڣָҾƺǺúһ̣ᶼˡѾһֲ˲ỨյĵǱߡ

ĺͣ͵ģնȵĲ΢΢ĺʪڵ˼³һŧѪʱۿҲʪˣû˵ʲô
ŧų٣ҽҲ飬ͷһȦЩ⣬ЩҾƾõࡣĹ⣬Ȼ۲ɵǶҧأһ㲻͵ı鶼ûУΨжͷˮһſɻƶ

Ѫģ˿ڣҩƣҩۣϰ׾˼ǵĺ鶼Ǳģ촽ɫ̣ҪΪᡣ
ҩ꣬Ҫ˯Ⱦҽͻ¹ٶȥˣ˼ظգ˯ɣú˯ɡһֺЩˡ

ĵ۾ȴʱί˵ոպۣ

Ȼۣ

˼ԼĶ䣬ֱ׵һʵҲ۰

Ĳ˵ѵⳤģ

˼ɾԼЦæͷͷ˵˵ˡֻһֱӲһΪǹιƶҲءۣôأֲࣿ

죺ףЩ

˼ͻȻĵů⣬˿̵ĺƤֻû裬˵ȥڡ

𣡡סӣֿ˵ոѾίˡ

ûУģ˼˵ԸģϾΪ㡣һ㰹ĸоûУʦʱĸʱһΪϣɣĶ⡣

ھҪ

˼ֻøСĵرܿ磬촽ࡣ
û˵һӰıһ̽Ŀǻȥˡ

궯ĸо˼۾ػӦ׹ػ鰮ײ֮󣬻̻ɢ߾ͻȻʣͬһ䱻Ļ

׷ֿˣģ˼¶˸߸֧ĵطϽ˳˳ظ˵ǸеģҽرԸˣԲУ

û˵ɡѣ

˼ѺȰıҴãȻ±ĸ˵̫ŵʦЩôۼͼˡ

תףֻܲͷ˵ֲ⼸جô࡭

˯Źִجιʦô

ЦЦ˵ûѽȻجΣͬڵһ⣬ѹһ˼䡪áɫأЦҲžηأס˼֣˼ҵһη֣ȵõ㡣

˼Ѿؼˣȴֽ׻صӪݵ˲䡢ôһ˽˿ѡѾжҪˡ
ûü˵ʲôסСĵţҽ쿴Ϊңǡ̫ˡ

˼ǧȴҲ˵

ʲô
ϱӣĵİǿǿ.һԸõĹõΣǧ䱦һ㡪ûоǰ
οؼʱǸ˽ľɱӵʱ´šҰţʵҲΪһ֮˽Ϊ

ⱲӣĿڣͻȻ˶󳹴һ˴˲ܻȱؼʱҲҡɵɵľ
ôɵѪ

ǣʼˣ

ġ˼ʮָ棬һ˫ֲ÷벻


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ൽ, ˼ͷ˵Ҹˡǲ, ҿչ, չ˵ģ

ЦţһȦЩ˰ÿոʵʲô, ű˴˵ĺ͸оõĲС
˺ˡЦûģͽ²

˺ˡ˼ԴЦҲҺúţ׺˵

·ͷͷͨˡ

˼ӭ, Ӧļ⣺ŧѪ˸⣬ҩ, Щոա˵ոջš, ǻͷһ, סˣͷ˯ϣ΢ĺ
ֻ˵˯ˡ

ǽ׶ӵ, ǰ̽̽ĵĶͷ, 仹Щˮɴ˯, ﶼ͸ˡ
תͷԵ˼˵ʦ˵ָʾ廹ϵˡصϵ, ƴһ١Ѱ˼ŵ˭ϵأ˵ںڲںɺããݳϣǺδȥ

Ťͷ˼ȴĸ˵͸ˡʱ¶˵㻵Ц۽Ҳգһ¡ǣ˵ʲô廹ϵˡʱЦֽסˣȻܿյֿʼװ
һԭǰ磿

ﶼסһкӣֻڷη״̬£Ż¶
ǣߵҲ졣

Ŀһˮֽ۾ŬŬָ¹ٰϻӣǻʱáַԸúչ˶ġ

˲ã۾ˣָָֻϻ˵ͷʲô͹

˼ظͷоѽ̫ÿоʰ㴦Щ£¾ĸֻ˵ͬʱҪģÿռճۣȻʱȡߡ

ĺһû˵
˼׹Ȱ̫װֻһӣҾǵˮ©ˡǺӣﶼĲɣ

ҡҡͷ˵ҲҴ˾һвأͷùҿ˵Ŭ

˼Թźһ㣬ʹʲôôӣ

ĺؿ˵˼ҲˡۣҲӦÿ

￴ö

ʧһЦ˵ԵģǺҵŮӽĵ£ŲŲģԼвŻǵпˣرŮӸ£ֱҡҡͷЦ̾ظظ

ⷽ棬˼ͦصģҲۣ˵˵ϻ϶ʹ뿴ôõ
ò̽İɣ

ȴ˵ˣоرϻùԿס

ǴӺɺﱻӪȳģʱһˣʲôû˵ЩĶȻǶǱߵġ
˼һˣȻ뷨롣Լαؽͷɵɵ˵иһĥҪŷַ¤ĳԽ췴˶Խı˶꣬վǵв÷ߵĶģһӾͱøšһֻԶһ㣡

ϻӺأ˲ŰᵽߡĴӻСɰִӺɰöСԿףꡱʹһ濴
˼۵ֻվţʱԹȤԴŶģӸ߿ֻרעЩӷ͹Գǻ۶ˡ

һ۾ƳЦʣʲôأ

˼΢΢һ죬ҡҡͷ˵ûʲôˣҾͼʱϢ

˵еˡ
Ȼڵ˼ʱ򣬰һקϵһƨԼߣȻذ뿿ļš

˼һˣ

˵ԶǰˡǱǰЩٲСҲް취ˡ
һ˼˵ˣ

ÿֺʱ򣬵˼Ͳľܾ۸һԼȻż

ĵ꣬ЦЦ˵ûжЩ֮⣿

˼Ҳһζʵҡҡͷ˵󶮡

ǸոնֵʱΪʲôͣ

˼˵źôµӣ̲ס˸䡣

Ц˵ٿ£ѾһˣҲթʬҲʲôÿµģո˼ǺµģʵʵɶңȻ˺ˣҪ۾֮ء

˼һۣĵСȷʵúܣˣӻͿ˵˼һһ׼
ֻʵʵ˵Ȼˣ̫ӵƳǴЩ֡

أ

˼룬ɴΣĲͷ˵˵ˣôô˵Һµıģ֮£еϸڶǴ¶ķߣɴֻ֣ܴҪ˽ģʲôҶⲻҲǰ˵ʱָҿģƫ򰵡һʵۣҪɣҲҪԼͷԡԼš
Ц˵˵ա

˼˵ˣ㼴λ֮ĳӳϮӣҲ֪Ͷʮ궥ˣͰ͵طԸһӹţֲֲܴ̣ѺݣºҲûκιѰء
ǳˣϾ˼ĸӵ¡

֪ĽУЦЦ˵ʵҲûʲôɽġ
ָڵ˼ֱʶػȦȦȴͷͷǵҰˡҰΣѶȴûкãȻбȻλĴս˱ˣһڣΪˣþˣʵֺ꣬ÿһεĻʵѡɺϿԼȨĸٳȻһʱҪľ档

˵úҲɡ
沢ˣֻδѶѡҶȷʵϸľߣ˳еѪȷ磬ס˼档
ֻǣӶӵĽǶ˵õıδЩˡ

ҡҡͷЦҲ֪ǶԵģǵġ˶٣ֻЩˡ

˼ס֣ԼҲܡ
վλãֻܡʥ顱ݸ顢Ѷϣǿڸ⡣

Ťͷһ£ˡ
ֶ˶ٲ˵Ұġ
ĿЩǼġ

һʱ޻ĬĬָԵ¡
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻ̧ʣʮһ¼ˣ

˼һ»شʮһʮˣ

ķ۾ڼʲôȻԵ˼˵ٿЩҼеۣһС

˼֪«ʲôҩģľֻܾӶһ̽ԼԶ˼䣬ֻɶͻȻקסȹ졣

˼ŭţʲôֿ֧룬ҹþֻȥ׽֡Ѿȹ⸧һȦ

ȻһɬģСӦʮһ߰յӰɣһֱͦ׼ģϸ¾ǳģϸҲǳ죬ÿλ죬Ҷñ졭
ôΣЦ˵䡣ոռһʲôûе棬ϸɸɾġ

˼һľļÿӣʱˣ
ǽְˣգųĽë㶵ؿ˵

İָͷţǴҳңֺ׵ӣӦжʮ˰ɣ

˼ֲԾؾ͸Сϣֵգ۾񲻸ĻԼӣ

Цüͣ̾ϢȻԻĲ񣡽иҽɡ




 83 
˼һ, ۾ֱת, ﲻϽоҽȷ

Ȱο, ҽҵˣҽһֲ˵, ˭ҲҪϹ˵ġ

˼ҡҡͷԾؾСӣŹ죡һûܹúóԡú˯²أ

Ŀ˵ǽоҽһʲôأǵĻˣֲҪһǲˣͽǿҩ

˼ûʲôɿ˵ֻܻҡͷһҡͷ, ҡᴹડһεڶĵֱϡ

̧ǵξӨ顣˼ҪҲá
˺һ̧ͷ˵֪㵣ġһӺõģ

ҵʲôѽ
Խô˵Խǵġ
˵ڵĵġ
޷Խϰ

ЦҲ, ЩƵί, бؿһ, ֵͷֱǿ飬ϡƵġֱ, ֱһСȦӡӡ˶û˵, Ҳû̧ۣ˵ؿڷ, ˯һ˯

˼£˿ڡɺúȻȻظҴñ, ˳ͷһ¶ȣԵǡһ
ֻһַˡһֱ﷢š

װģ˼ֻǿο˾˯˯ոտۣ̫ˡ

ĵԸţţۻԭŻϻȥԿߣǵûҵɰȻҪá
˵˼䣬ͱ߽һ૵ĸˡ

˼ķԸۺϻװ˰ڻԭȻһ¿ֻܺ˼Ŀ¾
ͷʦеͺһ㣬ԽԽҡĵ߽ҲǸˡˡ߿ˡ

˯ﺰ˼˼

˼æߣסְ֡ˣֱ֮˼ҪҡҪҡ

Ҳߣġ

˵Ļλǵİ⣬ƯһƯ
ڵ˼ĿۣЦ۽ȴ⣺ңҲҲҼ棬ǿ㡭

˼ס죬ֱݺݳһǶ⡣

Ҳˣﰧţ㲻ҪҡҲҪҶԲ

ôҵİˣ̲סʱȥû˵ĸ첲ָ׿ٽƤѪ
һʹһͻȻ۾Ҳҡôˣ

˼һʱ

ͷĹȴԽˣˣˣˣݺûһĿһ·ʹͻꡣ
˼ĶǱǼ߳ˮǻˡⲻһΣЩ

㡭ϢɡǿԼָ˸գһ̫Ѩ¶ȾͶȻȥȧų졣ķ촽ţʵξ˼ҹһҲáһҲá

úϢ˵ֲԾСӣˣͺˣЩΣûˡ
֪Ƿ룬ЩŻڣҲôŻĸо

ļҪ뿪ֱþ̡ոջ֮⡱ˣͻȻûǺſǻס֣ߣ

˼дû˦֡Ҳð˵μһӡ˵ǲ˼ҹΣ

˼ͷǰɡ

ҲԼ˵

˼ĬţӦҲ޷Ӧ

ҽҩʱЩҲѶˣĬĬȻ˵һûбãҲûи㣻˿ڵǺ˺ܶ࣬½ԵɾûŧѪ
ҩƣ컻ҩϴҽȻȻضԵ˼˵ѾĻ

ȴʣҩʲôɷ֣

ҽһҩͷʣֻ˵ЩҩûжԸ˼Ҳõģûзеģ

ҽЦûУ󺹷ġͻȻҲ׹ಡһ£Ŀ⳯˼

˼ֹֻ˵֪ˡȥɣҩƲϴ

ҽ˵ﻹδȷϰɣ˿ƣҲԶЩϲѰһǲġ

˼ҧг룺ĸ㷢ٺ»ôҪב@ڣ

ںͷߣѽֲۡɡоˡ

ǾҽҲƵģҩȡСÿ˿˵롣

˼󿴿ҿڰַǾҽһ˿Űֱָ߹شأϸϸ˰գЦϲ

˼һЦһϲõĸоûС
ĵ˵ôϲޣ

ҽæָߵףϲ󺹣ϲ󺹣

˵ͣ

Ļ¹ٶţ˼Ը첻

ʵ۷Ըˡ͡ûȥʹ͵Ķ
εǸмľҽѿˣǿЦһ£ﻳûͣôܴ󺹵ͣ

ĲһЦ޵ĺУʲôͣܳʲôˣˣԺúź򣬽ɡȥ˭˵ܲסͷͱҪԴˡ

ҽһġǡϽ뿪εĵط

жԵ˼˵ǺһһǷǮӡģȻúðϧͦһأҲΨһĺáѵôģΪ󶼲Ը⣿
ǷԲཱུġ

˼˵û׼á

ԭΪȻҪʣҪ׼ɶѽ
ЦЦ˵Ǳߵġɽǰ·

˼ֻƲƲ죬ʾ仰ĬϡȻô۾ֿʼˣ˵ϽԵ㶫Ͽˡ
ȥװС

˵ҲҪԵ㡣㲻ãжһӣ
Ѿʼδˡ
ͽС˵ȻȻƵģͽгԽɡ

˼У͵ת˹һӶˡ

Цͦõģ֡
ǸﵱȻֹ֣ĶӣǺںġ

˼ðʣ˵ʲô

Ŀ֡㲻ϲ
ЦЦ˵һַʽ۰һӡ

˼ʳϣ˵ǰþԼһ˵ҿ쾫񲻴Լ԰ɡҪҪȥ硣

ûзԣֻ˵ŬŬָϹŵĺʵɶ

˼϶񣬲ٿߵͷķѩ

´ѩˣСδȹĻѩý˱ĵط׻еܵȼţ˿ûΪëѩӰ졣
ʦǳˣժһԵòͣϹſЦӣ˶鴮ǰֻժߵһͨ˵ģ̻ʵģһ㡰ɷǡûˡ

˼ŶԶԶصǳԵòˣŲȥڳЦòʱʵʳɻ⣿

һֹʦȻʶæվ˫ֽǰ񣬡ߴﹾࡱɿ˵һʱ

˼Ǹ˵ǸˣǺˣʱѧûãλܲ˵һ㣿

ʦǺȻһЦءظʣǲʲô

Щ˵ҲЩ֮ͨ²ǷͨҲͦġ
˼ʵʱʱģﵣǡ˵ʲô廹ϵˡ֪ʲô˼̡

ʦҡͷˡˣүǵ㵽ֹʹ֪øЩҲûзӡ⣬̫Ҳʹʹö飬ϧڻﶼߡ

˼ʣϻڻ￴һӰ֪˭ǻָʾ𣿡

ʦͷɲǣ

Ǹôڻأ

ֻҡͷķݶպһ뷢԰׵ĳһ˵͸࣬Խлûڻ֮УھˡģĬеڻǰĬоű飬顣

˼ůĻǰϧûеõ顣Ǹ´µӰӣҲˡǰ˿ùȣֱ紵ú쬵ģŶﻹһСţʱıŤͱ˿̵ˣϽصԼסĵط

ͷŷԼĶ϶ѩӾͻһſžӨˮ顣ֶ̿ҪֻڽСĵȵ˵ĽԵ档

Ƕ˯ˣǰʳԭţֻһ㡣Ķǣ̵ġ
˼̾ҲԸʦòĸֵʰʳϴ¾ޡ

ıůڵģĵ˼̲סͿһ㣬һ㣬͵͵ĸ첲ĸ첲Ѷ÷۵˫ȡˣҲûкߺߣƵģ¡˼ﷺᣬɴҲľǰԼ˯ȡůȡȡ裬


 84 
Ļȼţᡢͷüһ֬ɫġĻİҪ˵, , ʹı, ܿ챻ݵƤûˡ

˼ȥô, ǻ̵ĸоʧˣҷ

ڷ̾ԸûӵйҲԸô࡭

ģģҲźҲдҲдǺҲԼо

ͻؾˣֻܶ۾, ໹ھҵţ񡱵زײǻڣҪ߹Ǽײ

ݽһŻ谵ĵ, ʹõ˼ؿ˵Ҳͬʱ۾, ۾ҲǻӲȥľǾ塣

ġͷһһ˵Ļ, ץ·ָظܵƤůůʸ, ǿƽϢ

Ķ, ʣҲجˣ

˼ίͷ

˵ҲأμʲôµĶˣ

˼ԥһ£벻Ǹ, ˵μһƬˡҺ¼ˡ

˵μһƬˮ, һ³ôź㣬㶼ҡҲ¼ˡ

˼ţð̧ۿμˮ

ڸҽɡĵҲߣֳ.ߣȷǲʵڵһ㡣

⻰˵

˼ЩЩĻš˿̽ųĺҹʣΪʲô˵ǵĺȡСԽ㲻ǡ

ҲˡĺȻ˵

㡭˼СķʣҲμˣ

ĵͷ˷·ڻȻһμöö£һô˵ԼڻҲμˡ͡һЦ˵ԷٿԻֱǽһŰ쳪еСʱҰָҽʱ˵Ĺϴ˵룬ʵҲΡ
ھܾξôԸǻ̻ɫڲס

˼ĬȻ˺ܾãʦ˵ԷԻķζӳ£֪ǸúһǸмʵһܿɺ޵İɣ

Ķؿ֧ġӰӣźĻˮĽҿۡЦЦôɺأﻹôϲ㡣ֻǡ

رѣôŬǲεȫֻǼǵúܶıƬΣպеǸԼ

ǵںĹ磬ӹԲģһۡ
ǵڱԷΣߵӤΪвʵ̷ɫĳպ֬ɫеˮ˷ܵӶ׵塣
ǵǿڴϣһһغòͷˣһ͸Ϳϣʹ塣
ǵڶض㣬˵ԽıѣıΪҪ

Ǹ׳ŭ֮¶ӱޣ죬ҲǶ

еĶԹߣԼذŵ˼ĲӣǸͱϳһѪۣڹŮƤ޵ŰСޡѪܣȴƫƫ۷
ֹǸԼһεˣȥȫǿġ

ܲ죬جеǸôôݶôԣô飿Ҳѵ˼䱦һϧ谮ȴڼͼŭʱɲĴ
Ӧòɣ
ֻߣЩŶֻΪԹߵʱ򣬲ܿ

˼ֻһجΡִֵǰֻ֣֣ǻġкˣֻúһү

ǰ֣֣Ҳδá
˼ţô˿ѵúͿˮ㡣ٸʵײû壬ͽ֮ĲɣͷܰӣȻǸðү

ĺ˵ǣĲ֪ôϴ

˼Цˣû²ӣҾͰӷˡ˭Ҫϴ

ץڴһ£Ķӣڻƽƽģһ㼣ûУǣȷʵǵĺӡЦجȣҸˡ

˼ЦҲů˵ɵϡ˳Ķͷ

ոûзʲôڶȻ죬Ķͷ¶ˡģҸ£Ĳ¶Ҳˣ

˼û̫ˡ
ڶһ¾ĶǡڱůˣԾ͸оĶͷġٽ⿪·ˣ˿ƤҲոţһŧ

ЦҶ·˵ҽɶ

˼Цһڣ˵⣬һʱٿ

˵ҪҵĿҪҪһ𿴿

ޣ˼Ｄ˳õǼɻ䣬²

һʱôáû˵ְһܰ׶ȹˡ־ȥˡ
һҪһڻСǲϵİϷҲܹʹ˴ƮȻɡ

ǵ˼춼ģڱ˻ɡȻ̽ͷʱϲطֹȻûգ˵ҽоҽ

š˵ģϢȲҪ͸

̫һֱĵҪֲǰޡ

˵Ҫ

˼ˡŻʼЩѵ飬ĵһ˻ɣ̽ſϰݵģҲı䲻

ҽҲǺϢ˺ð죬˵ƽȶˣڲٷһپǹˡ⼸Ҫúõ

ĵ˵ͷԸ˾ҽðõϢ⴫Ⱦҽ뿪ˣԵ˼˵͵ۣȫҪҹĿ㲻Ҫ԰ᣬС¹ȥȻ󣬳ټһµлҪԸ

˼գ۾Ц֪һٶ˲¼롮Ю£ܻġӷգҲð

ԸС¹ٰۿԸټ̶ֵͨȣȾͻỳɵ˼ԼһȨץϡǵ˼ĵһģΪ£Ըġʲôأ
μǰˣʵЩǵģϾǰĵԼǶԲġ

ЦõԼҵ˽볯࣬Ҳ㹦аȻ˲ⶼǿŮ˵ȹ
Цûģȥ˼ȹֿʼ

˼ӼæһȹϵvװεȹһƣȻ󡰰ӴӴʹ˵硣

ôˣǣ˿ˣ˼Ͻǰ鿴ǲˡ

⻵һȴְһͷ촽͵һ㣬Ц˵أˣֹۡ

Ϸݵúá桱
ɱǧģ˼ֲŪʹڻֻᱡ

գоôáĶѾˣ˸мϲԵĴĥƤĹºĺζ
һ󣬵˼ǻ﷢̾õĹ˾ű飬ʱʲô漣ûзʧûͺˡ

ĶһЦӲ񡣡
һ˵ôáֻر𽲾һϡ

Էð˵ԡ
飬ҲʵЧίߡ

Ĺ£￴˰ӡ;Ե˼壬ټ˵ͷ˺ܾã˼Ծسȥȥ˰쳪еĴϷڷ͸ܻһԸҪ漣һԸǰ¿ʼͶĺúꡣ

ڶ죬ɫŵصᢿӡ

˼ҽͷ㱨̫⼸ˣ˿ڷڣк֢״ǡǡ
أθгҪˡ

ͷʧޡ
˼˶һۡı۾ҡҡͷͻȻʹšһѣ۵ᶼҪˡ

ûüʣͷţ˵ţҪġ

˼ֻܺ޺޵صһۣԼ£Ҫȥˡ
һ¾ͼĿдỨëʪʪģĸ׵ļֱ飬ֿֿ޳ͷ˿ɣšǾҽͷ੣̫Сģк֢״дȾ֮ƣͷоź󺹵ļС¹٣֢ͬ״ˡ

˼֪ĺ«ʲôҩǾҽſں˵˵ҲҲĻѣֻܵͷ˵ҽ˵Ӧߣ˴࣬¸Ⱦ̫СЩܲǻ¡

ûнǰĶӳ٣ɫɷףͷƤ¶ţΧȻϺϺڵһƬ㣬૵ôô


 85 
̫𼱡˼ò, Ȱ, Ҳδصʱ, ٵȵȿɡ

ײһΨֵ˼ϻմȾȾ˵ණ˵˵ֻܻسˡʰ, Ӫ׼պ񲿶ȻŶߣɢܻԭϵطûгǳزǱͻǺ鷳¡
ĨĨ۽ǵỨȻɽפƳǣʱҪġģֳ

, ˼ȫ˿̰룺˵Ҳڱʱ彨Ĺ˵һ׹Ȼȫãԭ龰, ֻĲܻȥ, Լǰһõġ
ֻܳ, ֲԾؽСϡ

һִۣɫ, ʵ㡭ӻðɣ

˼Щ, СܵĽǡʵۡѶ̫, ֻ˵ͦõġ

ֿۣͻȻһЦ⣺²г, Ҫʱľҽ
Ӻͱ˵ģȻǲһģ

Ĩۣ˼Ҫۣ֬ϸϸǵӡӶסˣ̾°Ȼسš

˼ſڹֱͣԶˣСźţǰͰѶĴһ١

ļҪЦĵ梣Ǹ˰գ

̫ˣ˼첲šô۸˵ģװزҪʹ𣿡

鼱֪ͨ㡣ƤЦ࣬ҿûУ

˼ְִ򿪣Ȼʣôƭ

ɫҲƭһû¡ϾĿŵȨỵĸӵĹϵ

ԭҪȨ
˼磬˵治Щƣ

ЦûϵҲǾϲҷ֪Լ治飬Ͳز׾Ȼ
һһźļƣֳԽ죬һƣ˵ìҲٲɵ͡

ǣڶթĻթġ
ϲ˼ݣĴϣڲ´ϣڶдϣڻ滭ɫϣɸϣǧȹڷɡЦݿ̬ϡ
еŮӦڹɽһ࣬ӱﶼˬ͸ģжթĽ̬֮֮ɫϡҲϣԶҪϡ

ŵ˼֣̾˵˼Ψֻϣңһ죬ͺúûһ졣

ڶ죬˼žͿǾձӵġǼܵġġʶģҲʰʰɣ

˵Ҳء

ô̫ɣ˼ʡ

װ¡˵ָָױ̨λã֧ʹȥױƺù



˵ϴ֬ˮۺü죬˵Щϸɫױ

˼һʱûƲϳʿеĸ۶ɣôҲҪ֬ˮۣ
ױֻĥü죬ֵ֬һϲϡҲҵѿɫȻСüմɫͿ˿ڵΧ˿ܱѾҪķۺɫƤʱϺɫ

ϴɷ׵ϵ촽ҲôƳġ

˼Ŀɿڴ˵ĴôһЩطˣ

תְۣԼɫӣǶ¶ϺϺڵ˺ۡȻ˵ҰˣͿޣ˵ˣ·ϵֻ¼ʱ˸׸

˼ģ֬ˮۻױģͶסЦ⣬ꡱѾúˣʵʵҡҡͷʵڿ޲Ȼ󿴿ɷ׵̲ס͡Ц

յ˵Цʲô

˼ϣУҪšң־󲻾أҿʵ̫ˡ

мԼñӳһĻΪԹߣȷʵ۵ĲУǸ˵Լ벻һŮӱñѪεʹ͡
ǰܱͬ˼ҵʹ࣬Լһز֮󣬵ƳˡԴ˿̾˵Ұûšʹ㣬ͿҲûáֲɵҽ̽ô޳

˼Ǩһ˼ܲ߹ߡ

ס͸оʱһܽţ˵˵㻰ѽŪ±ʾ֤
Ȼ˵ʵҪ޳Ҳܼ򵥣Щĵ£һͿ޳ˡһ¡

ĵ¼ֱ̫ˣһ£ոʱ˼ҹҹڱ뵽Щ£ͻ޵ʪ
ǽ죬£ȴ᲻֪뵽ڣڽ⿪ĽᣬҪڿҪˣǵû˺ĺӣԼĹ⡭

ЦüɷǶˡ

ǱˣӦеϷҲδѧ̫ˣ
˵Цݣ᲻ôϣǾؿ΢ЦĿɰӣʱҲ¾ãֻԸԶЦ

ͻȻ⴫ףôûʰҶǵצӣ
ŭˣˡ

˼ѹ˵ˣ̫Ȼˡ

ο˵£ողŵĻ˵죬ĵ¡

ղ˾ûãһţһƬհס
˼ݺ˵㻹šһѰɡ

ĲҪЦͷһֿʼţţƴ󺹡
ȷʵӣ˵һ̰Ѱ˿⣬šһѡ

˼ۿ޳˵µ˺֣

һӾ͵ˣӡӣһһŸҶǸɱǧģǰȥš

ŵ˼۵ȻľսſĶӣʵĽˣ

á˼ӲͷƤѣҽ˵˿ѣʵڲ·;

ǿôã˶ӣ˵زϢڴҲ֪˭ͷǴɻںֻɱǰǣûжָӣɢʱٶҲһУΣҪߣ

ǡ˼ŽѾЩλиϣ·и̡ͻȻͱҲЩ£Ȼ£Ҳˣ

ߣͻȻŮɱӿˮвĻ˵ˡҿ¶һ˵ΣҵߡҲ۰ӣһȫţиһתضûС֮£Ҳѵġ
Ƴǣ»ʵۡиʵۣбܿԱȫĵ˽˺ϵĵλ

ǵ룬ȻƵò
˼ֻܵͷ˼Ķóϸ˵ûûֵģʲôģ

˼˵ҲȱȻϮҲб󺹵ı̫˵ǲǣ۾ηؿ˵׶ӣ

֮ȷʵȨͿߵԽ࣬ƹȨλĻԽ󣻵Ͼ׶ӣµԽ࣬Խȫ
˺ð죬˵˲ԽԽãһѩ·Ҫģֻ䡣һ˸ģǡ˭ָأ

䣬ʵ˲šǺԿˣԶűˡ
˼ܹ²֮ԸΪЧЧܳ١̫һо˭Ը󺹡Ը⣬˲ɣ˲ţԸʹ󺹹ա

һʱã⽿ĵ˼йĿ࿴֮С
˿̶ӻҪչˣʹ˵ɵҲһݶţͷ˵ðɡǶľͰˣ

ΨԼȾֻԶԶؿ˯ϵĶһۣȦˣ־˵û£պл㣡

ĸ׵⸱۶εģ˼ҲᣬĵСƭ治Ǹ

ˣ˼ŻصߣҼ˵̫ˣװˡ

۾һ˵Ҳװˣ


 86 
, Ǻҡձ, ѷţ, ʮƥ̤ڰѩϣݸǶѵø߸ߵġ

, Ȼע飬õĶĿߵĻ¹٣ǵ˼ֵ

̫Ķеģɢ£нӼǰѾˣ̫Σ

Щηģ˵̫о˵󺹻ҪȻĶ, ųأЭ³ʱ, ̫ۿǺ, ÷ñء

Ĳ˵, ͷʣͳȥϢ, Ѿ˰ɣ

Сĵصͷ԰ˮȻͥʱ, мϵȻ󳼣Ϣ͹ȥ, ŲţҲ֪

Ҫ벻֮ĲźáЦ, Ҳ̽㣺ǲţƲȻǷſˣ̫ţ֮ΧңﵹΣˣԽŽɵʱ򣬺̰һʤ̹ʿԼӣѪ޹飬Żˣ˶٣̵ã̲˰˼޾Ϥˣ

Ȼ֪֪ˣս

߷һԵͷ˼ҲŶܰѱôãȷʵ͵ˡ

һڵ˼͹̲裬ֽиҲһЦһȻɽҲ˵ƺɵԪҲҪ˺üꡣƥţգȻɽ»һطٸʵҪȪһƬݳϽһƬطԸù鸽޵ĺҲԺúùӡ

ţЦֿ죺ʥ

ĵƲͷ˵˼һۣʥ̸ϣ׺ѧΪ˽ҡӢӣаհҵҴǿʢϱж

˺󣬵˼Ѻ̲豭ߡ
ʣҸոյĲô

˼ЦЩĶֲ

ĵͷҶ˵ʱҿѽ㿴Ǵ࣬ǰ֮ҵʱӿ˶ˣΪϰ׸ͬӰգٹ٣Ӹֿˮ˾浶ʵǹŹٵ췴ǵԼңҲۼ¤ĺ˺ʱˡˡˮݣҴĵλһ첻һ죬ðʸңΪһ㴭Ϣ֮ءúˣЩìܣòã

Ȼҵƶȣϳγβ󲻵֮Ƶģͷ¡ϳ֮ңлȨͻʸҹγ¼ɣʱ˵ĻʵۿУȻҲᾯ衣ֻ⻰Ͳڵ˼ǰ˵ˡ

Цпŵ˼һӡֻͷ̲ס˵㲻ҵ߲



ľܵýЩɼʣ㻹иõ⣬˵

˼Ц˵ǬٶϾˣҪҳʲô⣿ھ㴦õöããҲ˵

ššӣЦͽ

̧̧١˼˵˵ļãԼǸҺ͵ģ׷˵ġɫʲôʲôҲǲˡҪ˵ʲô룺¶˵ѵġҪͼ׳־ҲҪȥǡΪңҲ㵱һǧʥ

İͷ⻰סʥͺǳɶԶֵġ
˵˼һ£־ģҲͺ󡯶֡

Ҳһŵˣ
˼һһ̰Ůģòܽжټ裬ŵǷʵֵˣ˿̶Ѿˡ

뿪󣬶Ļûȥоʣֻճ۶͵ԵӪҲںط񣬲Ż⣬ҳɢ֧ڵŽţ߿ɣߺ̲裬߽ޱȵغ˼ӵ˵д

˼ؿдŮ˸ģ

ˣۣ

ϣѵдֵģ

һд

˵Ҫʥģ˼꣬׹㻹װزԻɺǣΪʲôҪд֣Ǹɺޣ

Цðɣ㡣ҪңǵǺ㣬ǰ㡣

ʿǲηκԽעƷͷǣоֹлŮ򡷡Ů롷ĵ˼ءŮΪΡŮŮȵѵ.룬Խ׳ذ벽

˼üϹȥۡ

̾ǰӵ뱧ذϵ鰸ߣְѱԼԱߣشһ˵㶼ϰҷֵ̫Сˡ

ҲϲͿġ˼űʣǲȥīΪʲôķڷˣд

ĵͷ˵һڽ˵Ҫֻ֪֢ܽŮۣЩΣҪúˣƱҪѹȨʱ壬һʥİҪ㣬ҵĻ
˶٣ƶ˵ҪԼġǰ̿ϣǻһǶ룬Ҳ֪Ҫ̧㣬ֻҪһ죬Ҫȫ

˼ˣīû±ʡ

һ˵ҵһ衢һСϻңȻǣǣںƵġ
ĿӨӨ˶˵ûںһһ÷ٵŵԺɵͷȫƭ֡ͬƭǱ̿ܣẦԼļ塣

գϲƽƽȴܲľԼ˵ŵԡ

ĺһû˵ﲻܲ˵ҲЩ١Ҫ̫ѣҲűһԵ˼ĵģôأ

ɥ˵ǣȴ˼˵㱨ɣд

Ը⡭

ԸġܿӻԸ㡣

Ǻ޼䣬˼һʾСɿϹдĵдһɣһЩɵļ϶ı׾Ͼ촽һཱུõ廨Ƕ

Ů正ûҲϲ

ʵС֧Ȼװһ˵ıСĵؿţһ춼ûԭҪײĻʵ۶ĳ
һպͻȻŻΧһСӪأʮƥͼʮʳıǴߺţɼߣ׷أȴձҾ׷

ʮ֮Զ̳һ˵Ķ飬ŽĺӵϮ

Ϊ׵ں
ĵõ˿϶Ĵ֮ҧźЦҾ͵һˣ

ںȻһ࣬Źúܲ˳ģĿ˺ܶ࣬ʮ۽Ƕ´ˡ
˺ɺŶмϢŮǰ˵ĵȻܺϴһ߳޶ģģ˭ߡжλ֮ҲԸԱɣɱȥɱʵѾˣزɥôҲʬˡ

ƥϣŷѩŶĵıȺƲƼҪҵ°ˡ
µѹǣŮ߸ֶҵˣܲȻһҪԭԼĻλģʱϱĺ壬ܲصġ

γòײŶҪЩĵ˵պˣȻȻھ˲ڣΪȻΪɶأֺ˵˵˴ϣŵصƽǣȻǰ֮ǰĲ⣬Ϊ檡
Ҳ֪Լ£ܲȻͷŻƽ֮󣬷ǳڶɣںӣ踺أʵȴҲںĶǧٱˡ

Ȼǲʤ䷳ֻϽ뿪Ȼصƽȥ

ԶںԣһҪĻᶼˣ

αۣײʲôںɳܴ̽ܲ̽ʵڵ㣿

ֻ֪α۵ĸѾҴҴŴ϶ȥˣº׵ƳǺ˵ҴȥǱһӺҪΪαãα۶ľ㲻ҲˡҪͻƬݣȻ׷ɱã˳Ĵˣ

ںѪڣνָ˶ڵıݣӣթ壬ƹɩɱ顣Ϊеʹ¹֮


 87 
һ֧װĶʱ, Ѿ˵, һƥ, ֻĸͬװ£ƹ, ֱ԰ˮȻͥȥ

Ȼ˻ϰߣǻҲһˮݶӣûйסձǵڶˣһӽͥıͱסˣѺ͵ɺĴ

㻹ƭһεĺɺֱǾˣ̧־ʹԸŰСӵĺɱˡ

ͷȴҪűŮ𣿣

ɺֹסǰץ˵ʿ, Ц˵ʲô

ҪʱӷСˣŬͦЦȻͱ࣬Ǿˮˮ, ȴ, ΪŮ, ȴϱູǱˮǰ֮ڣѾǩ, ٴһ, ȲռҲռơ˵ȥǸȻЦ

ɺЦһ, ˵ЦЦȴʤ, ȻûЦˡ㲻Ƥ죬ѾûӪˣزˣǿ˰ɣ

Ŷһ㱻ƭˡЦػͳһŲ飬ĵһǱݵʱǴ󺹾ͷˣױʵšйıʼҲʶ
ְѲϣеȺɺ

ɺñǼðˮ
Цŭǰ£Ȼд͵ģͦչһжûУȻ˱дģЦŭѾѳںֱĵڣôϮ԰ˮĲ߻źˡɺðŹأ

⡭⡭ɺŲЩ

ЦЦͷ˵Ȼ󺹣Ǵ󺹲Ǻս֮ˣҲ˵ˣȻôҲԲαضͷˣǷѵҲ̫СǴˡģҶףҪţ˱ҲɣںҲˣҪţ;ȵȣںǲܸʤ̻

ɺȻ

˵УȻ۰Ů룬ںǧҪĵպʹзӮ˵һ죬ȻҪƽǣôĹߣҲȥƽˣǺǣģӽˣҪɿɲ׿ǲȥء
üëһػѻܸļޣˣ

ɺ˵
ҲͲ˵ˣҪ˵ǡôʵײźãʣµԼĥȥɡ

ɺڵȣգں˰̵Ϣʹˣ֮ǰϢȷ׼ŶˣںļǶıˡ̽˵ȣѩսһ㣬ǲҪģ

ɺɫҰܣ˺ʣҲһŮ˵ںסˣϽѺڹںϣͻ߳޶ĳ׷ֻ½ӾѹˡŮº˶ǣ쿴ںǰͷӵӪʣҲ۵úˣְɣպҸġţġ
һշްնȻλޡ

ţЦںʤ̣Ҫ󺹣Ҫƽˣ㲻һȥùһŮӢһԺá
֮ɫֱǲס

ɺЦһ£ȻһԱĿ
׶ŮҽĴϢλϲ˵ںɱ˶ģȫʤҪؾµλˡϲʤӪѾȡ˿ɶص¹ԣڻЦЦɼں˵˻˵һˣ

Ŀࣺںں

Ůĵĺɺ飬Ūûҵǧҵıٶ࣬Ҳܹ̣Ѿ͵ǰɴ󽫾棬ҵĴ

һӵڵϣ䣬˫ȶ˶ûʹ
˺þòſôһžˣͼɡ
ǾġµĿӣںҪǻȥҧȥܻţ

Ȼɺѩϼ˪ո˱ĵ˵ֻҪ߱߱ں鰸Ҫžۡ
ŤͷԸˣͽںŮһ͹ȥɣʾǵĳġ

ںӴܣȻָŽˮȴԮԮ˲ģû˶еĴ󲿷ˣ˰ںӱĽӲд
ںȻԿĵܣԭΪԭȥֻһɽ꣬ͱǰɽˡ

׷ɽЦãһ㣬ؼʱ

ѩããסĸһѾʮͷƴ񣬷޼ôյܣȼ˵˵ЦЦԳԺȺȵɽ䲻ϵػ죬ֻܼ״ӵңһ̾ģɥһһȻû˶־

ڶ糿ʬףĵںź죬ϹҪ˰ɣʴȣͶ㲻ɱǴĽϲҷǳ͢ˡ
缢ꤵʱں󺹱ϷĴףСɺ⽴ܹ

ںҲòУȼģӽɱҲɱˣŴѪĽ˵߾߰աȻԮˣǲҪھˡĵĲбӣǶģںúͷǰƤݣʾءǺǡ

ҲšĲбȷʵ顣ȻҲʹ̶ܱ࣬ܿҪá

ְһ죬˵⿾ųԣһŻһ־ú㣬ںĽ۾˺ҧſӣȻּһȡů

ڶ˯ͻȻһһէضˣ۲ŷɽİӰʱǹꪣһ
ֻ߸߰·һȳһյġ
Ҵ۾ٿԝУŮ˺ͺӵӰǵͰн

ĵͷϵһž

ϴŽӵȻġںļŮ㣬Ϻҹëձӣһһϵɽм䡣
ں־ŭڿӺͶŮѾϺڵĹʱҧأˮ˲Ͻ˱ǡ

ɱСӣγн˵ָղΣȻˣӢҲˣƴһҲӣ

еţӰ˵׼һҵ䣬ںɱ˵֡

ɽխǼأе㡰һ򵱹أĪѶȣȻһԼ˶붪ںͶɽխںıҲֻɱ

ڵʬԽԽ࣬ںʱǰ棬ˣ󱻴ѵʬںͷ
ģϵıԽԽ࣬ˣպҲú

Цſ˸һۣ˵ɣвԱУ֪أ߱ɱܣ㱨Ӧˡ

ɫƬ̣ΪʵĳӳһصİѩͬξڲǸȨ£ܿȻǵеп֣ӵеԽ࣬ĳطڵʧԽֲ
ǲúľʹͬܣ̽ÿһڿǹ̵ģ·Ҳˡʱֻ޲Լܿ

ʾԶȲ˿ʵıɡ




 88 
һ, ļͣ, Զ滹ڿ࿹Ľ˵Գŵ, ˿Ͷϣ޻ھ, Ҳǵ׿ˣɱƽǺ䲻ڹźͳֵأͨ˻ǿԵġһλᣬı꣬ͷܻ

ͷһƬš

γϡ
˭ҲλʤȯյıҲڰ԰գȻ޷ôֲõ˼Ҳ
񣬴˿̾ڼ, ôܷģ

ȻԽԼ룬ԽҪ롣
ϿĺϿս, ůԽӢڣ, , Ӣô
ںɫŮ˶ó, 櫶Ҳ̵ĵġ, ں;ĩ·ЩûиĵŮ, ʱҲһ飻ģҲûˡ

ͻȻ, üһһŻɫ׵ʿ촽ϣſǻ󺰵Ұﻹƽǽ⡭ء
һжеĳֽ꣬⿪ͷСذסͲҡȫһ𶪵ʬɵİǽ֮⣬Ȼ˫֣ʬѣ˹

µǰ˿סˡ

ϵһЩûˣͲˡԵģȻȥ

ǸͶģܿ쿪ʼ̻͹ĸɱ͸⣬С۵㣬ţźıڿ⿾ʱĶӸо֮һաԵںʬѶӵѪζᵽʳ㣬ſˮ

ʿˮĬĬŵսƽⱻƣһ˫֣ӵʬѡ

ںҡֱСĶӣźӶ÷ϵգ૵ض޶˵¡¡

Ŀɽһۣ˵ɷģͶϣҲɱ

ģҲ㡭Ҳ㡣ںͷ˵

ЦһЦģҲɱֵûеģԶ߱߱ˡ

ȦȥŷѩϢ
һλʣ󺹣ҪҪȥɱǣ

ԼﵹȲ̵̲裬Ƶ˵ء

ֻܡǡһĿһۣɣĴ㵱ʾˣ

Ȼĸ嵭طѽһǣϴβˡ
ҵЦЦͷˣʮɣҲǴͨԵģ˶ڣǲҳʮˣô฾棬ѽ

ΧգɽѾҽˡ

ĵľɨʬףɽѪ߰ߣֳɢں޶Լ߰˸ĵĽӰ

ɽͷҲǷŵİɣʡ

»ظģ󺹣ֻӶܲȥ

ٲһ飬˱ĵ˵Ӫʣ˿գɫֱûģһһ˶ѩѹձü͡
ں㣡ܣ
󼸸֣Ｗġ

һʼƮСѩܿͻѩ׷ɡ
ȻסѪֳһУʹ¹һƬྻĿã

ѩȻ϶ĺڶǰããһƬݵرˣɽֻʣ˲ΰǦɫĺѹĻѩƺʹīνġƮ滨ڿẮʵǰڶɷһĺǰȫЦһ㡣

Ӯһ̵ĶĻصפӪأںѩֱϥһ㱡ѥӼôѩ.̤ڶӪǰɨһС·˴֣Ȳůᢶȥһ仰ˣӵҪӣȫ͵޵

ϲ¾ãʱڵ˼ߡڻԣؾźɫգ׺ëĿк̺ϵıˮɫȹ
ĿƳЦˣţһŤûУڼӵȵԶɷӰЦӯڼձߣһٹĸжûС

⣬ã

صҵͨһһߵͷ˵ˡһߵմѩƤѥӣ¶ðӲĶ񣬽⿪ճֵףɢͷĵbшʱ˲浹ڵ˼ߵ̺ϣ붯ˡ

㿴㣡˼Це廨ӣѵű˵˼ˣ

һĳӡ
ҲǰǰԲλˣϷް㲻Ϊˣѩɽôϴţֲ޹޵ġ˵㻹ңӵʱ򡭡

˼ƫͷü˵

Ц˵ҾͲ㡣

˼Ц

˰ٵӣҲᣬҲжŪȤζڡ

İԶԶһȻ͵һͷϣ˵Ҷ㣬ôңƽ
廨ӿˣʲôõģ

˼ĶǣָŪŪѹͷ˵㻹˼̸ƽƽ㸶һ֣һҪõһֻرôĶвرʱƫֻ׬⣿
ֶø廨ӣ˵⻨ƿͼŮȻӻƽġ˭ҵĺӣ㻹ֵóĴף

ƯĴӣһɫƿӣƿŸɫһԲͼ׭ġ֡ƣɣֱǱһ

ǰһҲǵСöԺӣǰģ۸˭ϵһ⡣ֻһֱı.ɻĸоԶǵСӣֻҰĿȴǼڶǰʾŶĺӵĲм
һǣãӻõ˹ͬġȫĵİ⡣

˼ƿӵͼһ޵ĻЦֶ

Ĵ¶ϴЦһָõĺһػߣнŸ²ųѾûˣ
˳ְbшЩĥ˵һһ֮õģ

ãͷ߻¹ٵ󺹣۴о͵ˣʲôʱ򿴣
ûüӦһһִ󺹣ϴˮˡ

һµָǰΣĻʵģ˵Ҳׯϣţͽɡ

Ϸ

˼ЦʰƷȡһɫ˿ߣ룬ߣϼһƬƬµҶӡ

бƳһۣȻڻ¹İȴ¿ԽڣûʲôرģַԸϴˮͷȻ˵һ޻ʱʰ·µСű˱ҨˮúϴɾȻıмûѪˡ

˼˵죬ұϴǲءЩС˵ϴúãҵǮ֬á

ȥˣЦˣ

˼Ц˭ĳ˹һ͡

Ĳգչһ£ȥˮ£˵ͺź޿°ɡ

˼ɡ͡Ц˸źʥȻҪЧǰһһ´籡ζѬϢúܺţﰲģһӪȴʱûĸоûˡ

Ҳķ٣ʡʱ˵Ҿϲͷĸо

ͷŪӦûиоƫƫоˣұϣֵζ·ͻȻŴˣͬ籡ĺŵϢʹõ˼ʱбһĳ嶯

ֱ󣬴һ·ȥܸоϽµļҲԾһ㡣

ĺЦͷһĶ⣬Ȼɤ۶꣺ѽŴӺͷ⡪⺹Ļǰͷϵء

˼һ죬ͷؿҲһײҲѧЩϰߣ°˿ָҲʹһѡ


 89 
ġ˿سһ, ЦĶѧģ

˸ѧ, ѧ˼̧ͷһۡ

°˵ѧúãֳֵģأ˾֮ƽˡ

Ԥеβ, ˼˰벽ɿ˵ˡҵм, ϴͷ㡣

һ
˼˵ҽ˵ǰҪرСģײˣ߲ˣ̥

˵ӣĵΣֻɿ, ͷʣǾҽû˵ʲôʱˣ

˼΢΢һ죬첲˵ֲûбˣȻƳǣͲҲˡ

Щ˭ǡˡĶġˡô

ͱš˼Ҳ, һ, СһŤ, ѿȥֻЦͷϴ

ıһЦ, ĻҲʣ, ԼЦһԡȻ, ڲԭ׷𣬽ÿƬɽѲ, ÿϻͷϴԡֲ㣬ʱ鼱̣;̡ġúõϴһھɿˣƤϻɾˣ
һԵİϰ£ǵ˼ԲüƵģϸĳϣʵĲüƶƵģڻյůڵ˿Īܡ

⣬ְո˵ʲôˡ˻ûأȻɶһûˣռռҲõģȻҪҸռ˵ͷ

Ŀڵʲôǰ˵ոյˣ˭ǡˡĻʲô÷÷

һģҪҲ磬ȻͿԲƾܣϵ¸Ū飬һǷֵҪ
ŪСǣѾ̲סһЦ⡣

˼Ҷ˵ԡ

ǧóһ
īɫУƽƣɫɫ̳ʵƶׯЩζ

⻨֦ͬʵԢء˼ͷཱུµĽëеɬֲСɬ̹Ȼشϵڶĵ䣬ȻοһЦСأ
ΧֱһĴСˡ

ɫǺÿơԢҲǺãΪôɣ

˸ոġˡֻǷôһ飡ͷϲüֱ᲻ϵ૵ʣż칦ˣô£̫ˣ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôϸ˿۾Թǲûú˯ǣӲҪѽ

ûУ˯ͦáʵǵȴ̫࣬м´򷢴ʱźáЦ˵۾±¶һؼǱ˺۰ţֺֺһ̲סָһ£̧ͷʣ˻û͸ȥ׷ںˡڻ۲ˣ

Ц˵ˡʵһֱҲôۣû뵽ա

˼ͷ˵־ģһ̴Ưںû²ˣ

šûɱ˵ǳˡá

Ǹһ֮ĵ˵Ҳ๼ˡ

ں֮֮У˼˼ȴڱ𴦣ḧ˿ڣ̾˿˵ʵ㵱ʱңҲ⣬ʵ̫ˡ

Ļһڵġִֵ˵һӣܹԹ޻ڵ̫١죬뿪ʱ򣬱ϵķһˡҰһ̵ֱңʱҪǴ֣ڶŮ˽飻ĻȻҲҾõʱ£һԵġ
ЩЦЦҲԳɹ𣿲ðգɶò

Цʵƶ
˼£ʱļ꣬ǣһҪºûôõûӸѹ޴ڶŮ֮ˡ

໹ǻһƵ˼Ц˵˵ҪûôãǸǣǴ࣬һغô죿ҲһصӪأ

˼ô£ҲңҾһ

ཱུ̲סһ£˵ǲŽɵء࣬̾˵Ųϣ
ְСοǻкӡ

ûǱľҲ뵽¶ʱĺڻôǿҡرμ룬̱ڴ齵ʱĺ񳱾ˣһֱûˡ
ôܲأеʧȥ˼֮˶ְ취Žѡ˳ʵ󹬡ȴÿֻԼҵǻƤңԡˬһʱȴù䣻˵ĳϣԼĹصù˸Ҳ߷ôõûԸҲġ

ĸһ̵ֱҪѧᡰ顱ûа˲û㣬ᱻסߡ
ǣǿˣǻȴģǿʲô˼

ֻҪ̧ۣܿ˼ЦⲻΣʵġ

һɣɿֹַԸҲȻ˵˼ҪҰ֪ǻмģһˡԣǻصƳǺϵʱǧҪ˵ʲôǷֵĻҲҪظȫϣԸҰҴСǶµģϤˡ

ů˶˯˼˵ãЩ¶Ƹ㡭ԼףԼ塣̫Ҳ˲࣬պҪúТ˳

ĲȻȴ˰̵Լ˯˵𣿱ѽұôۣ㻹ûءÿζİɣ

˼ԝЦϹ˵ո˭˵һǶôָۣһµܲˣϵ㣬˯죬ڡ
ŵڷˣȻ˯þˡ

źӣ˯Ҳ
˯˰µĵ񣬴˿иůĴ˶ڻѾˡ˯˺ܹԣգ촽˳ӣ۾ǡҲ룬ְϣȸϣȻĴ󵨵¸һȻѪգΪԲҲرܡ

ʱӿ翵ϱһԶκۼ΢΢ۡ˺ôȻܰˡļǺƵģ̵ġҲؽ硣

ѩ֮ͣʼůɺʹ̸Ρ
޴һٽȣ˵԰ˮһ֮ңֻ׶ѳвӲظϾɱˡҪ˱ûǮûˡ

ʹ֪ˣ˵ڸʣţůůȦ޷ǲϾô˱Ҫô

֮ˣȻֻòͶĵĸսʤΰ룬ֱӲУҲֻűģ
ʹǿЦǡǴູ֪סԱ񡪡ţǧһǧһǧɡ̾ơҺܹͣǾ֮ꡣ

ЦҪ֮ˡһԹҲǻݶѡȻɽҶرİѿ֮Уһ鼦Ҳá

Ҫˡ
ȻɽȻǿأʹ˰죬·磬ֻ˵ȥʾһ̸ֱĴΣʹĵıʱʿĥƥڷѩбѵɫҲףͬ˰Ȼɽá

ʹ˳һ䣺ôмС¡

뽲

ҪǱɹʹ֧֧˵֪󺹵İɡϵںôˣǲˣϾһ밴űɹķӭᡣ

˵ȷʵˣʬҲûˡ
һ䣺ĺ֣ʵλ˼̫󡣱ΧʱѾ˵˼Ȼֵܣе¿Բֻ̣ҪͶǿеġ̯˵ѽӲ޶ɽ䲻ͶɽǣԵֻʣɢĹֳˡ

Į˵ֵһҲ˼˼ѪĹͷҪȥҲɡֻǻһҲ֪ںأӵأӵأء
üĮýͷҪҪ

վڶѵõɹ̫ĵ˼Ȼʹһɥ뿪˻ʵ۵оʣտҲûҪǼѪĹͷ
һλʤ߳޶ģʹ߳ԯ֮Ц÷裬ͬһµɣԸߵǼͷι޵Թ

˼һЩЦҪ

Ҳǡǡɷش̤߹ñϵë¶Žһ

û͵İŮߣҲԱһ㣬־ͰһƮƮͽ˫˵ء

˼ǰһֱǸӣֻʲôӰ

šҵЦ˵ȻҰںĹͷι޵ĹཿʵѾˣ

ʥһˡֵ

Ȼʱ¡Ц˵ҵȻˬˡǲԭֲƽǣ
һףȻг֮ǰȵؽסˣϥʵʵģ¶֮ĻЦ

˼ܵرĲӣȴңϽӣ涣ǺҶ⺺衣뽡ϰϻƳ£Ȼۡ
Զͳʱת߿ʱơһ֪ԭһɤӡ

˼裬Ȼ󱻱




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أ˼ŶĵĲ, Цؿ

鲻, Ҫһ˷ҲЦҪس, һ·Ͽ϶פһҪ࣬Ž컹ϢСĵط, ߣȻ˷۾֪Ҫ˵ʲôǿʼ֣һռ˵ӣƫʲô˵

˼ס֣л˵ɡ

ͣ¶Ƭ̺ƤЦ˵ס

˼ЦףȻԼش𣺡ǲ»˵һ᲻, Ͳˣ

˽ͷĵأ˵ˡװɡȻʹչˡ

һ˾һѣҲֵ, С̲ס, ˼Ҫ˵ӣ
ĶʱͲҶˡ˵ò׵ĺӡ
ǶѪյСɾЩǸεġ

ԴӷһΡ֮, ҲҶǿƤӾǵ˼, , ĺšš, ıӡҲԽԽϲ, ǸƯүֺƳľƷֻҪûӥǹ˵׺飬ǸµĿ˶
һԺƵŪ˼Ūˣչȥͷһ䣬Ӳһ䣬Ȼ촽һ

⣬š촽ʾҪ
ǾһֻԱֱĲӣһɾˣ˵һ̫Сˡ

ӣ˼ĶŪˣһ䣺ȻѹӡȻչȥǡ
ϲʤòǹС׵һѿǣҪһһƷС£Ậ˱ζˣԼһȥѰڵζ˽ѷѽ⣬һ𣬶Ҳһһһı˴˶ڸš
ͻȻַֿˣȻǡ͡һЦ

СĵĶƤûѹɣ

ûСʵҲûô˼ɢҵ޷ϸõ΢죬ǹƵģʲô˵ˡ

Сĵؿ˵мȺ㽻һ¡һأ̣ѩû·ϲߣﻹ䣬Ҫܿˡ

ʱˡ
˼Цŵͷû£ܵˡ

ҵŮˣҵĺӡرͷӡ

֡ڶأ

ڶȥƳǣҰҡһ£ô߻ն࣬ҶûŹȥֳ޷ճôӡ硪
죬ŵ˼û˵ӣڵҲ˵ģϣұΪɶءûӦóƱذߣҿһʱҲѲءֻϵһʱһʱϣҡ

˵ǰ棬ʵǶи׼
˼˼һ˵һһ˵Ҫһ

ĵֱ飬ڿ곡ϷҲţ

Ȣȥɡ˼˵ȻСǷ֮ǰգҲǼ㡣Ȼܸɺôαطأ˵ҴСĸ׺ֵĽ̵ǡʡ

⻰ŮĻ˵ҲѴˡΪȴģҲ밡

ѾҼ̿Ͽһˡ˼˵پܾõˣ̫ҪԹˡһֻ֮һˣҲǺֵ£ʷдǻˮ
̧ģ͹ˡҲ㣬ʼˡ

ЩմںʱЩմֱһĵ˼ر̾ӵ繬һߣϺü궼ˣһ㻺͵ضûУһһЩ˽ģĳմڣܹǧˮţҲֻȡһư

һƵģ˵㱣֤

һڴϣñ֤

˵һûգִֵ˵Ҫ֤

 

ҪȻˣϰԵıšƨɣȥ뵽иֻһѣ֤˵ģҲ˵ɽˮģҵļ֤

αغαأ˼̾˿˵ҪԼƵô

һЦ˵ء˾ҪԼƵܷ
ųĻ⣬ְֿѵ˼˫£Լǰ˵ɽˮҲ㱣֤ԶԶֻһˣ

˼ЦһЦ

ľЦжԼĲΣʱŭڣ֤ţ

ǲš˼˵һôԶȰǰá
ʱת˻⣺GոճĸҴ֪㻹ᳪ衣

ʱ䵭ɥǵ͸һůֺһֻܲ˻ɶһĸ˵ĲĻžˡǣԸǰһء
جǳǱ˴Ϊ򣬱˴ΪԴͷûж£ִأ

˵ʵСʱһ㲻Ļ˵ѡˣ׼䣬ɱ¾ѧᴦ˽̸⳯ڵĹϵҪͳĿͣҪڸʱܹ飬Լľ񡣿ʵѽϲе֣ϲ˵ʫϲƯĻ滭͵ᣬϲŮӺÿΪ˰Ұٻش򣬴ҿޣҲҩʱ۵ö£һһŵ˿ϡ֪ΪҺãн죬ڱ֮ɱһѪ·ϼҰĽ̵

ǡеããȻģããȻ˫ʧ˰죬ںذѵ˼һˡ˵öԣȰµÿһáһĴˣҲԼȨˡ

ڶ죬żȶļƻꥵ·ˡ
˵Ĵָų֤ͣǰҶ໥Ӧмʵ۵͵˼

ϵĻʵۣʱҲ˼һ
ƽȣ˼ʣôˣ

˵ͷ䡣
ֱ׳֣涼ӵĵ˼һ˫ֱģǶůڵġ
ǽܺĶĵø˫˫Ŷů˲ܳĴš

ԭĴúȻವģǦɫȻһ󱱷ƮȻһѩϸ۲죬ῴ͵ĴݴӻѩͿҶ̽ͷȻؽչ۵ҶԽʱʧĶҲʼѩҰУƤëӯ֬񣬻ʵʱԲһϾͻҰζ

Ե㡣Ȱ˼ԽԭϿˣҵɽ֣ܴ򵽼ֻأ

˼ιöǶԲľͻԳֻܿŵʱ²Ķոա࡯һ죬ǲҶڷͷ

˼ͷЦ˵£С̥ᷭͷ
һӣѾоˣĸ²ܹʼоСƵĶ²ŻСֺСţ˰˸ºС̥ͻԾúˡĸ뺢Ļʱʼ鲻ԽذԼĺӱǸʱˡ
˵ҳ̫ˣǳء

ĸӣȻʣҸҶӳ裬᲻

᲻Ҳ֪˼Цһ

бһۣõͳʱ￪ʼ衣ϵʱ裬·ݵʻʢַ·ձĹԶԶſϵĶʱ

ѽ㻹жͣ˼˫ԝؿҪǸС˵ӿʼϲ

úܱޣһǶ粢ţĿԣ˵ôң

˼ͷʣҪʲôأ

һͦӲضϣЦаǱ𡣳ԸģԸԸ̧֣Ϊһ

СӻĶŵذ۴˵¡
˼һ죬Ѿ˵Ǽ֮ѣʴˡ̽

ɫʡ
̲סˡֻܰа𣬿һҲϲѽ

İˣǻ£ͬʹˡ

һ·˶ʮ죬Ƴɫѿ˱Ĵˮڵšʵݽ˳ţйǺӭĶӡ

СôгŹˣ˶ӵĸ첲һƣҵ˶ģ޵˶ᣡΪⱲӾ͡˵ʣִһơ

ĵĻѻſھһ·ףѩţй¶Ϣк׷ҡȻ֮Ĺģֻҧ͵͵ƸϡҲҵǰǳأڲʲôˡ

Žɵģ˻ʵ۴Ķ飬鿴˾ճˮ׹
ֺֺЦѶһλЦЦʣһ·װ

ǰĸﶷ۶ʮˣƤЦģҲǹ߳

㼵ָָ̫Ѩһ·ͷһֱ۵ȻΣδ֪ȴòҧȹиôӦֵȫ̽䡣أŰҵĺĵ¿ηˡ
ЦţŶ˵Ĺ⣬ʹ۽мϸϸҲӰĿ⹳ƵȻ

ĲЦˣͷ˵⻰˵ģôʶôˣ

Ҫƭҵʲôʱ򣿣

ٴôӢݵˣһˮ֪ţֶˣʿȴû١Ұ˺һңΪͰﱨ˳ˡ

ںôֵôмݱ䶯ǲǼȥںˣ

أɶ׸˵ѩ

ƨûָ꣬ڰһģġЦñãռֻǿӣߺû´ˣǾͲ˵ȥ˿һϦ֮ģҩ˰



Ƕ˺ǣ
˸ݵһ䣺֪ʲô

ĵĺǸĸѧġ˿̲ûеƳײڵʱֻǲԸȨҲԸ˺
ֻܼЦ˵˵ʲôѽʱôΣգںǼзյ£ôܽаðգϾǵĺ󷽣ŵù˹ţһиôҪ±õġ

⻰Ҳһ˵ٴοʱЩ⣺ɽеԼҵĺŮţҲϽšȻǶ

ҲţʱԸô
˵⻰ԩˡǻ˼Ƴܹܵסһǣһиôˣ¾֤ٹٺڷ߷
һƨЩֻп

ʱ򣬻ܵ˲ܲ¼ɡ

һҲ粵Ҳû˵

ҧǰһ򣺡ƭܹҴˡҸ︺ˡ

ʣ㸺ľأ
Դˡһ죬ĵG




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һ, Ǩһ˵ڿһ֮˰

˼, ڹܲˣбؿŶӡ

ӱ, Ц˵⻰ɷˡǧȻΪʲôѽ

ޱ飺Ϊ, Ҹùл㣿

ıҭ޻ɽ
һ΢̵İ˵ƽǰЩίЩᣬֲΥ֣һȻӴƿһë, ݹȥ˸밢ｫͰɡ

һѶëӣľȻһ¡
ŶӣѾôˣִָ, ǰǸõĺˣȻռָǧʱˬӢ, ǰǸСˡĺѽ, ǻĶӣ˭Ҳ᲻ߣҲֻܹס, ס

Խ, ־Խ顣Ȼܹ˳żظ˵ط, ʹþҲһ£ֱԭ

˦˦, ƤһЦˣ

ǳţüִЦ⣬˵йС磬Ϊӷ磬ǵԼŮһҪллչ㡣

й󣬰ĻһĻʵ۳ϵ˴µȻŵ˼ȥ︰硣
̫Ժſڣ˼һģ˰벽﹧˳ִ᣺ڴߡ

ȥץ֣ſڵĻ¹ٺŮѾں밲ˣ׽Ƶ׽δе㶪ݶ˸࣬Ȼתû¶һ˵ɡ

ǿȺ棬ÿǳɫܿǰƣλȵ۳Ȼʮ㣬°ɫĽ֯ʮ־£ߴһſ׺ڱԵ׵ĺëɵϡǳЦݣ֮ǰӻ֮ͿӰϸϸҹߵĺۼȻͣϣüϸϸƣµ࣬֬ڸЩƤ

ֱʮƫ¿ӭŵ˼֣סشĿ䵽СϡĳգʹС΢΢͹Ҳܱ
ЦòԵ˼˵Ůɣһ·ж࣡һ㲻ҷԸĳЩԵġãʺĹطûرõʳģֻȽͽˡȻصƽ֮ʲôֻ˵

ʱĻûкҵĻʼҹҽųС磬źĻ¹ŮԶԶվţţֻϲ˵ʱһˣӷԸʱһˡҲûźεĹأԵ˷ڡ

ٿȻʮַʢˣ⣬ңķŰҲɷˣɢŷ㣬Ѿʳָ󶯣һʹãóԣóԣԶڳľǺóԣ

˼Ƴۿˣڷ½䱸֮Ǹӣ¹ǰôᣬܻһ桪һĺ൱ϡ٣ЦҲſɬʱͻɥɥĸĴ뱲ӵò˼ЦÿĴܡȨƣӺڣ߷Ҳǿյġ

ʦʱ˵ҪҪһյĿദҲڵСʮ꣬һֶһˣǲ
룬ˮӯڷѾʹˣһֱƤʲôζҲлȥԸΪԾʱô

ں˼ţѾһӲڵ˼ĵҹ㲻壬ֻʲʵ̫ˣȽЩ⡪۵Ĳλһ㲻塣ȻƽǣйĲߣһлңͬңľ»ơӡϡȻ⻹ֻҪԸԣ͹ܹ

ĹʧֵؽУ⻹ͣһͷóϡٵĵطˣҲҪ

һۣûУ

Цϱ֮䲻Ǣмˡڿĸϲ˼˼µĵ䷶ȻܹТ˳ĸٲٶġ

ڸУŤģƽкöҪּѸ¡ƩںвԱУ췣ǸýдҶ֪ҲǸӽ롣УĽ죬ÿ͸Ҫ͸ͷ˼ҲſΪ

ĵͷ˵ģͼƻˡں£ȻҪͣѸ£Ѿед

üͷײһ壬Ƴ˵˼һۣžЦ΢΢õġǷأ

ĳһ˵ԭҳƣԱûٺ»ģ޴̣ĶԼġôȻջķᡪ룬ªϰŪðٹŴһʣû˳ĳ⿼Ǹ֯ԡĶϸڡҽ˲ϳ˵飬ϳΪʹƫһ磬Ҳ̳ԲϾܶǵѧź˵ӣѸ֯áɽϵĵطʺϸ֯Ҵ߹ߴ;ںȣΪľĶ污ڱ߽
ĿĹ⣬·δıԲӶͶ

ȴ˼üְɣɽȥֵأҵڴ̣ɴһݣȡȻĲݳٹĸأҪôøЩ

ЦˣӦܿ죬ʱ˼һ죬˼Ҳúܣ̰Ѿƺݹȥ
ЦŸĸƣ˵ҲǴǰǿǵֻռԭİڽɽȻгòء̾ƲֻһΣܺϿڣﳢһ

ʵյͼ붼ûԾöӻһʵʡļǿ磬һʱҲûж룬ֻպԼȥˣȻҪָʩһ²ǵ֮
ȻƳ˵ͷĵ˼һۣģҲϴСˣСʱǰլƯŮӵĺͿëҲø˰ɣ޻ҪȢģá

ĵڰյ˼֣ʾ¶ˡҪ԰ꡱ
ЦȢޣٲ͸֣֮ǰϵĻʵ̸ҪȢĹסǳˣ֪ʱδȢȴת˵˿ɶأŵת۸ƨһ˵ܹ鲻á

˵ĳıģǿϴģʱٵȢˣֻ˵˵òСʧֻҪƽãõݻҲҪ

ĵ̽ڰ˵˼һѣ˼ǡ˵İɣ
˼ĬĬػһѣȻŲˡ

˿Сǲ˿Ȼ󣬸ĸֵĿƳ֮ǰҪ˵ˣƽǻһޣȻǺҵˣϲǿںˣǴҲڹ̬ȣǶԺֻ̫ºҲƬ̼¡ܹ鷳ɣǱʵȽϺá

ü˵㵽˶ŮˣԼ̯ӣԺʰɾ߰ģ
һ۵˼Ǿ׵ӣ˵Ҳ͵ŮŮͲĵҲˡ

𣬷ǺûǺûȴҲòͿɼһߡ
˼Ц̫ˡ檵ã󺹵ĵ֮

üһĿ֮ɫ֡ôŮҲŸĵ£ĻһδŮ˵ķݶ

˼˵Т£󺹵ĵ֮ȻǷĸΪ̫󣬹ףӦİʷд󺹣ҲٲˡĸТĸ֣ʥˡ

ƨĵϲʤƴ䣬˼Ŀ⵹ֺ

˼ü˳Ŀģ۽ʲôסһ߻ߣ֪ʱָܾԼһ

ϣĺ͵˼Ա˳šһס˵˼ָ֣סܵĻᡣ£ĸ׵װͰ˵˦ԣ

˼бһֳۣʲôֻܹԹԽţһ·ɢǾסĹ

ʵ۵޹ѰϰҼ米ԡˮֲϲϴԡʱ¹ٻŮߣȻȻſ֣˼ҲһȻȻذ·

⿪һԵİϡ˵Сģ̹ϸһ顢һ飬°ںһͷ
˼˵ôҪĥˣٸǡ

ͬġ˵Ȼſ˫ֵԼ¡

˼ؿڴһ£Ц㻹ҵŮˣô˫ŵȣ

ЦһҲͶұˡ

ôͶұ

ҡҡͷ˵ѽ⾡һߴǣɢؾô̻¶ž˼ȻԲҲΪȥëȾһ㱡ɴƵ֬
ָָ򴦵˿ڣʣӲª

˼̧۲ؿᶨҡҡͷô᣿ҡڲ˼Ϊмһ̶ġƤ˵ѣѴġ衱ҲѣѵľǴʱľرҡڲ֮ľ
ָ˸Ǵ̺ۣоǰ˼Ҳٵֿ˳ӵؿһ˺ۣ˵죬˼Ҷһ֮ҲԴ׵ġ

ı˿ģﳤʱķӦҲǡ
˵ҵϣԴѽ

ԴײԵںô

˼͡ЦˣصģΪ֪ѽ

͵ذ촽סˡҵֵǣе˼һֺܿ챻ЮͶȥˡӱŵַֻʽܹͶʱǧͻʱɽп۳ңʱɢϾɷ磬۲׺ظܺš

˼Ҳǵֲرסļ米˵ţͻȻ˿صһһ¶Ц˵û¡ǼͷĽ

˼Ȼ˵ôˣ
ոʱû⣬ǴУһһ͹ڼͷĳ˺ۣҿ

Ķ£ôֲҶ˵еֻεת㿴ɣҵҲûǰ

첲ϡϣȫֵָĺӣ뼸ʮطˡ

˼ЩЩۼʣ̫ģ

Ȼ˭Ҵң

Ϊʲôأ˼ˣΪȻʱװƭˣ
ǻʵۣĸǰǷС˼ǺЦۣ̾˿˵ˡѽʵɣ㰢Ķ֡

˭˵ģĲƭʮΣҲܷΣŲҵĶ֡˵һٴ򣬸Ͳۡ㿴ɣƩ˵ιұϵ¡۾⣬һ˵ܣҲȻ鴦õġȻӵס˼ա

ҲҪġͶұ

ţġͶұˡĲ֪ʱѾָһ´Ϳˣٱϵһߣʱɫ.¶ֻһˡ

ʲô˼·̲š·ԶԶضˣҧأͲҶġ

ĻЦţʲôأֻͶұЭԡ
ϸĻȶŪһŵĺĻ֦ĻĳŪͦԽǵŮһƴֱϣƤʹ򣬶ʱ͸һƬۺɫ

Ƥһֱ£ۣ̫ˣϣִȥȥıһɸһ˿Ƶģһ굽ȵԡˮȥˡ

ʱԡĵѾ˹һˮԡˮǾޱϢҲﶼůζ
˼ưɣϹڣʰĻ¹ٻô룿

ĵô룿뷿֮˽ȱļһﲻġ

˼һڣһ졣
ʵڰ⽿ĵСģ굽ǣҲȱҶ

ź⣬˿ʵǲٹһ¾Ϳˣ

ʱ˼ûôأḁ̃ɡ˼ܴӦǽģ˵ǡ˵Ǻӻᡭ

˺ӣ

ǡ˼ҧҧ촽˵˵ᱻŪ̥ġ

㣡һЦְոմˣҪҵ˯

˼ҧгݣ㲻˵鶼һҲ˼ۣ
˵ûκסֱ֣˯˵ĳĺ

һ¹⿴ģ֪Խ࣬Խ࣬İݾԽࡣһͨ˳ˣʵһеľĸ׵ĶԻпԸоһͳµ룬ҲЭʱͺ˵ԸһˮǿͿĨʲôɫͳֳʲôĻ
˼ŸĻȻ죬ЩǱĬӰ죬ʵڸıΪֻɺһ룬ȴδѳʱ

˯ùԹԵĶһӲɱɣȻͻȻһ۾һµ˻

˼һôˣ

仹ƽʱһװ࣬üԼı˵ѹ˿ˣۡ


 92 
ʵ۴ĸ׻صƽ, ͹, 嶨߽, žȻ¡صΪ̫󣬽ƽǹл԰һĻݴȹΪ̫Ĺ

̫񲢲رط, ǰĶ˵ƯƯֻ㴦ĵطԶЩԺʲôҪ㣬ȥĲ󷽱㡣

ɫһδ䣬ЦݣԱߵͷ˵ǾͶ¡
Ȼת͸ĸ׽ܹĳ裬ԵĻľѡŮ

̫Ҳ, һ˵²£˲, ԭЩˡЩ, ǻ, һԭɵģϰЩ
һ˵, ˵ʹͷͷ, ϵӵܲࣿ׾˼ҵˣΪǿϳ, 㶼Ӷôģ

ɫ˼ҵҵԼ, ΪԼˣǣǣҲ˰ߪúͶͷϣ򣬽бôأ

̫ѶûɣüһŻ˵ģҵ

ûУ

̫ĬĬعһ˵ӲˣԸҹǲǣ

ҲûУǰĸףԩˣһֱΪҵĸв֪ģҲǲôزġģ˾˼ô᲻ࣿ

̫һ˵õģҲܣǴ󺹣㿴Űǡ
һ䣺ʵ޷Ǿǵһݡˣݳĸ㣬Ҳģ
׼ӥƵζס˶ӣЦЦأӪҵĹȷʵãһСηˣҿβϧ߹ٺȣֻҲΪǸˣΪյ԰ɣ

Ŀĸ׺ɵɫؿһոֶǰƤЦͻȻûˣ¹ֱģҲӪ֮г˴ðǱǴµ׹ٲֻͣŵЩֳɱ˵˷ֻ࣬¸˵Ҵ²ͷɣ
һ仰˵ôΣ˿˵ҽǴҪúˣΨͣεķ;Ǹ¹ĺǿġǸˣвƫ֧ӣβ󲻵Ƭ¡
ֱڿлһ£ֻʱˣֻǵ֮ˣ̫꣬Լˣ

̫Ŀ࿴Ŷӣһ˵ҲеˣҪЪΡ

ź̷ű죬Ǻҡʡǡ
ȶȷʵ뿪ˣ̫۾Ŵĳгò˵

ɶػʺ֮λԵ˼ûλ֣ȴйҡǽϵĵשϿ׾ӵκ֣硱һһ޲ͬשǴشµģԼĶʫʱľסԲԣ¶Ϊ˪νˣˮһ

Ҳ°źõģмĺۼС˼ţ
̫ʯϷףβڷͥԺγɽС޵ܸոǣ٣紺ʱָոðϸСѿԺܾͺģԼúͻῪϲĺĻϻϵһǧ˼ֻȥƣԱߵĻ¹پЦ˵Ըٴǧ

˼Ц˵֪ǧǡ̧ͷƽǵ죬һϴƾƵƮڿУֻϹзɹöС˿û㱡

Ů÷ͺǰһͣ
Ůɲϲɫ棡
ɴ󺹷ԸҪ֬ɫģ
󺹻Ůɵģ


Ҳǻĸо˼ЦҲֵóһܣ
Ѿ̯ˣ풟֣죬÷
˼˵̺˾֬ɡ棬¶ôû¶Ĺһ㣿

÷Ѿǰδ󺹵ˣȻЩ˵ȣǺǰһȣ˶ˣǵȱʵǰҲֵһᡣ

棬÷ﾭĿЩڹ⼸¿ʡҲЩ˿Цɲǣƨ£֬ģ̵ģƵġ繬Ҫʲôʲô쵥ʲô԰ɣ

Ҳδⲻ˼ԣǰ梣ġһ󺹲ϲɫ棬Ҳг˶һ˼ŮȻϬһͬЦ

˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ſһͨȵĻʵ۶Ĵ˽ҲûƵģһƨҲ֬Ϣ

÷ﵽ׻һյ裻ҲѵϻӴ򿪰ڲյԱߵʳϡһԶԶضţֻǼŮһ˽

ôˣ񲻸ˣ˼ƫߣʵ

ҡҡͷûСһֹӣӻһ۷ڰƵ˼ǰ˵ЩСģȿ

˼ҲƴǿȻȻ򿪶һ飬Ȼ󵭵Ŷһ

ô

£ôôȻĲ¡

ס°ָͣ⻬ƤĦ£Ц˵˵

˼˵ھȪô֧ľӻûȻôһʤ̣ǵȻɽǡнܲģ̽Ҫ޹㣬ȻҲڴ㱨袣Ͻس˼ҹˡ

Ʋͷᰡ֪λôһܳ󣬻űȢ桭

˼һۣϣòҴˣؼ޸ĹҲòֵġ߸˽ܾˣֳɵү

ıЦЦһѣ󷢾Ů÷һЩ˼޵ľ£

˼æơҡһָϽ£Ÿˡ

ûа۵ˣҲˣ˼ǰһѹֳֻͷһ٣˵ҲүҵԼҵĶ

˼Цţ͵Ͳ͸ߣ㰢ֻ֪Ҫõӳ㡣

ڵ˼šѣšŤת˵˺ӣҲõӳ㡪ԽˣԽԽˡ

˼Ҫô˵ϲ󺹡ϲ󺹣
תְһš

ѳ
ššˣҲŪԼҪ԰ۣ伹⻹ǿǸ׵ЩٴѹѰ촽һĥ

϶˼ĵˡ

ͷϣȻưոݣֻױĴûˣߵıݣ̽ȥ˳ݾ˼£ͿʼŪ˳ϷĺͼɣǲʾֶĸԸѷѽ⡢ʤֱϢΪˣͬʱֿ΢΢Ϣ

ϥСĵسţѹĶӣԝָḧţʣҲЩĵġǰҲϲƯŮڷͷʲôֶûиǣȻҲ˴ԴףΪһ˶ʹ˶ټֶΡҴɱҲͣգǺ񲻽£ԽֺⲦǸںɱˣüʮءôһȺԺֻ¸Ҫ

ʲôë˼Ƴһۣ˵ˡ

ƬССĴ⣬öľ쵽Щӵ˷ܡ
⣺¸ĻϲҶʶˣＸŮһ㲻ֻģ˼ҪģģͺǰŮһںӶȨֻΪԺĹߡ

ЦģȺҪǲùܣҾܣܽһġĪľǡ

Ҳ˼ȹڡ

ʵҪĵģʱıһ쵰͸ƶȣɱĸ
˵˵źΪ̫Ӷɱ̫ĸ߮ˣ½ĸ׳иԤ׵۵ľٶ
ʱŮָⲻ񺺼ŮɽعѵǴСڲԭﳤ󣬸ֵ񶼻Эٰ죬սȨǡĵĸ̫Ƶġȴǡó˼ĸߥ޶𷴻̫ٳƶӵ£ƶȱ㱻Ѿкüλ̫֮ĸڶӵĲ񡪡֮ˣֻԸ͹Ը̫ӡ

һ˼ۼŶĲʳӰΪ̫֮ͬʱگ̫֮ĸ¬ɡ̫ӵ֪ȻĸףĸԾǼӵŰֲݣѪĶĲϧλ֦͵¬ɣѿֵ̫ʹһ٣Ϊֹ

صԳΪá
˼ԼĶƤЩ㷵Ļ̿֡


 93 
乬͢繦, ȻҪȥμ, ڵ˼嵽춼, ͷĻ¹ټôתת, ˸˵ˣʵֻڼš

˼ɺЦ繬ΪҡҲЩ˸жġڷѡ˻ʵ۵ĳã߶߶˵ԸҼ޵СԸߴߴ᲻ȥϳȥˣĶİ
һ, ĻңЦ̧ҲŲϲء

ı촽Ц˵õ, Ҫͺ, ֻܱȵˡʲôóԵ, ҷԸ˸͹㹲Ȼ֮еĺպ֮

һȣ˼˵, ͳһ, մȾŵĿֺ֬, ֪ģΪմȾϳϰ

ĹԹ, ʹƨһѣ˵ںˣ춼Ҫںһ¡ᡣЦɹĺӡ

繬ţǶׯýģֳˣʵǣЦڵصϯҲȻرȫڳҶλʮŵĻʵ˿

ʵ۾ٱ˵˼俪Ļк𡪡Ҳǻʵ½кϳѧǣʱռƵȻɹĺͺĽɣһ㶼˷ܣֱ˯ˡڻʵҲ棬ͷϹ֮󣬱㻻˹ֺãи輧ɹ裬Ⱦƣãվͽ

ȻǵʤȻǴֺ佫ƫ࣬ȸ˾ͿʼϷŪΪʵ͵ĵǸԴӵʿľЩȭʹ˼ҲûˣҲ۵öðỨˡ
ƫֲ׷ֻ֧穵ڵһЦƣвУĲٺˡ

һĵ״ǰѵĲһգյɵŴȻһͰƤľˮֶֶ֡ȥ
Ǻþҿǰɿ֣Цһͨ졢ˮųǱӣЦڰɣյͷŹѫǧȡ˶­ҲеģɱҲģںȵƻװʲôࣿ

Ҫ

߰ƴӷȳƾһĸ첲֪ƾǰ״Ҳִֵƾšһʱ˵Ŀзߺޡ

ͻȻ͵һ󰲾ڹƵļʱͷһʵ۶ԼŻƽشĬĬؿš
˶ʱҲЦţ󺹣Ǹֵء

Ŀ˿ȵͨǻžҺٿһһȦƤңĬĬؿʵ۵ľٶ

ĳȻЦҲУֻǻҪעִ硣ָָҴʿ²ڹԵأҲɱˣҪʱ򣬿ϳԿʹǱӪ׳Ϊްɲʹ

еһĲмҲ˺ϳңǺһʼʱ߳ʰ˻ƺԱɽӣһֳɵıˡƵۣԭĺҴǾǨûǨļԼңžսսںպҪú˵ǻۣú˵ڷú˵ɵ䣬ֻضԶˡ

˿̣ûΪЩĹ佫·ֻǾشƣ״һȡԵһͷ

ίʵΧҲ֪ģڷöǺˮͬʱȻ۽ǵỨߵ˻ʵ۵Ĵ;ƣȻյˡ

ˣΪʵ۶ˡˣĶҲûʱôǿңĵļ򣬵Եţ⣬

ϣȺֻеЩ
кڸλļ٣Ҳǹ뿪ڱʱӹ̸ЦԼںεӰֻ̾һ

ļͻȻ˭һ£֮ʹʱһƣﲻŭոջûô
ͷһ˵ĻȴסˡıߴͷӸЦؿ

󡭡󺹡񣬶ȴһѷסĸ첲⡣

ꡭ˵ȶ˰ɣҴɢɢģѾơ
ɷ˵ѵĸ첲һϡ

ɼҲң֪ʵ«ʲôҩȻֲҷֻܱͷȥ

ƣ˵Ӱһһ̡
ʵǲǾЩί

ίʱ籡Ƿҡҡͷ࣬Ҿί

ĵͷ׵ġȻǿŲԭȫԱһﶬƥ⺷ϴ١ȻȻΪ̫ҲΪ˺úȻһᡣˣôؿ飬ҲԲֻܻǺͽ¡ȻɽպΧӾ;ͣǧһ߶Ƿ糣ɽ֮߰㣬ԿȻĽ

Ȼһ˲ټʶԻʵ۵ļҲΪͬҲ˵ͷ

޽Ƭأ԰˵Ϲǿʢڸһˣ˴룬ǴȻջҲΪḻ㹻ʹڽʿͳʵ⣬ֻҲҪ⸹ˡԡ
˶٣εõĴƬĵأҪһ棬ϰտһ档ʮΪڡ
ΰ仰û󽲣־ģϡ

ǵƵĵƹ͵۴λʵۣƹްȴյö¡׼Ŀ沿¡
ĵüôһˣҲǲˡϧ

ں˼룬Ĵ˴ˡȥġ

̧ͷһש֡硱


һǻʵ۵ĺ󹬡

оͣͣЦô˼סַ㻹½

ſŮʵҡֹסͨߡ
ͷŲ֪ʵѾˣһĨӰ봰ߵĺӰʱʱغš

߳ŵĵĸ
н졣ϦϦˣ⣬˺Σ 
ۻ硣ϦϦˣ⣬˺Σ 
ڻϦϦߣ⣬ߺΣ


 94 
Ѿĵһ, ɵһЦ, ʣдʲô

ͷ, ɵЦٺ٣ڻƻл, Բнա˴ϲʤôᳪף

ıһ˵ҲɵһЦ˵Ҳ֪ã㻳

ȻֹȻʵ˭棿

˵ѽֵԺȨ

˼һ, ĽŲæȵȣҼӼ

Ĵ˱ͣ͵Ĵ, Ʒһ繬Ľ벼, Ц̫󲻶˼, ͵͵ˣҲľԴ, , Ƚ硯ֶǲͷӡ˵ġｲ, ǲݵָ˰ѵڬ̫ͷ, ֱֲݡ˵ݶ«έ̫֮󻹹òŮ֡
Ҫ֪ĶԺѧеʫȻò࣬ʱΪʫֺõԼŮɣض񲹹԰ѡԲԡˮˡõʮ֣ҪĻɵˡ

˵ţͷš֨ѽһˡ˼űɫ˿޶¶ɻ̵ļɫȹվſֻϥţ󺹻ˣ

ѾʮֲܵˣĻǽϹȥԹ˵ģôһ˵ô죿

˼һۣ˵ôô˺ӣ

֪е£һ˵ϲϲ

˼΢΢һ죬˵˲裬ֻΪǴҪ׼̲衣

˵̲Ҳȵġ

ĵȡŲ룬Ҳ¡

˼ЦúúãСӶˮǡ

繬Լ޹һڣݾ̽Ÿ˳һָϵ齶ԵҲǺϰ߹ӽ飬㲻Ҫ
ְͷĹǲ⣬ԼҪ̸Щֻܵ˼

Ⱦ̲裬²̸˼һר־ȡڡкС¯ȪˮŲĩˮһʱɢҷעŻصϣں͵˵
ɢְ֮ȻƷߣƹ̾͢ңܣӼݻݣʹѲ죬ֵܣЭҪְްλø㣬Ҳɷѿĵġ

ֵ̿صͷһ֮ӣҲûʲôŻõߪãѾâڱˡ

Цλø㣬ȻҲҪġ͢ƶѧϱߵĺܶ࣬ѧò͸ҲϳĶ׮׮ãõģۻҪѧҪࡣպҲҪһ͵ĺˣ廹Ǻţ¾ǭأֻҪͣҵŹǡ

ڼΪλ߶һֱ㨲־ĵʱ֪֮Уˣô־ƾʱʵۻһ񣺡֪֮ûҲΪºŶˣߵл󺹣

ڵģ˼ȴǵͷѲˮúյС
һյģһյ˵˵̣Щá

ŲеɢϲϷ裬һڡֶԵ˵Ҳ˵֪ΪйͣйзҲʱʱԼġ
һ۵˼˵Ϊ󹬽ĹϵΪߪ嶡

ǣŲԸȹϵλϡ

תյ趼˶ǡĻޡ㡱˼˵Ʒ裬ֲţ˰ɣ

Ȼе⣬ҲŮ˲ˣæ׸ˣĴͷһ¹٣͵ȥͷ÷˰Ѳ谸ʰ޸ɾˣ̧ԡˮ˶ȥɡҪϴԡ˯ˡ

ϰߣûˣǰһ˼Цһϴ

˼һ

Ĵһ£Цң

˼

ҲŲأķſԡ˵£ﶼˬúܡҪãΪúسʼ¤ԼңŵĲǽ죿
̧ʪָܵڵ˼һѣЦһ㣺ҲԵ˵˰ɣ

˼ЦɲǣϾԺ廹Ǵо֮ģһֱֻ֧
ڶЦ⽩Ӳ֮ǰ˵֪öԡλӢš˵󡣡

Ц⣬һ˵֮ƽ֮
˵꣬ðûڿڣֻ۾˫۳ԡıأⲢûзɣͬͷļųӲĸо

һԡˡ˼һһסɡǰ̽һӲţغϵϢһ˵ģҺ£һͷ·ϣֻ֪ǰͷкöྣһŵĹȶûУֻһ˵ӰӴҲǰСӰӣ᲻ʱңʱҴȥҲ֪

ĺܾû˵

˵ʱѾסֱЩʪ⣬Ҳůġ
˼ŲһΪˣǲƭģҲ㡣

˼ŵͷ

㲻ŰɣҲ˵ΪҲűˣ
Ҿ˼ʵǿڳҰҰֲֻȣһɺܸϾɱܽҰѹܼǵìܣֵĸӷĿͷԵ˼˵Ҫϵȣʱңԭҡ

˼ŵ˵ͷʱھϣҪǣɺһҪϣһҪϡ֪Ҳ㰲һУҲǡȡƽ⣬çײ¡ҡҿԵȣΪ

ҪСɵϣİĵͷֻҪңҡѾܲˣ
ո׸裬һкƵľ㳪һףҲһס

н졣ϦϦˣ⣬˺Σ 
ۻ硣ϦϦˣ⣬˺Σ 
ڻϦϦߣ⣬ߺΣ
˼ʼЩǻƽʫй˻ϵ֣нȼ𣬱Ųҵİ⣻ϵǳ˴˷ԣŮɼжߵؾԼġˡжŮɣϲذȻЦݡôΪʲôأ

һϣҲһףӫӫ𲻾ͣʢʱ֣

˼Цˣһڵ..Ūң

Ц㿴ֵѧûЩϷǵĺӣְСȻԼ˼ġġ

Ҳ֪ǲܹġ
һ仰˵òΪܵĻ⣬ڻп̾Ϣ庣ĻտϵεһĻξһ塣
Ϥ㣬Ǻǰ·һ⡣

ң̾һŴӶԽǿԣ沢أˣһϳã˻ᣬͻῪʼ̸ڵڶ˾ỿܿջȨĵȻϳһݡ
һ壬һ־һֺˣһʱˣԼպգ߷ҪƸֶΣܿҪʢ

º󣬶Զɺӵ˸ԼƯŮŸʢװ磬͵ƽǣְ£ӹ棬ͱף湫ȻϼҴò
ЦȻҲŮھͲϳ͸ˡ

߲ܣȫ֮Уֻ̫ȥʻģָͷ㣬Ҳ˲ˡ˼ŮͰ͵ؼ޸㣬ܹҪиָ˭ǿɶػʺ˭ҷˣ˭ɣ㵽ʲô㣿

Цĸ˵˼ޡŸǡ棬ϻȻϣȶסֱ˴ˡȺ󣬶Ǵͷǡ

̫üͷڣ˵ɶػʺ϶ɽˮ֤ܽƾɺһ˵㡣һǴԡˡľɶػʺ󡣰أ

̫ˡ

ĶĸһۣȻףƵ˵Ѿּˡ
նࡣ

˵˵ĴҪݻЩǵ˵ǶӵĻã˵Ĺһиʧɲģԣ²ºӣ˵ɡ
̸ӣ̫Ҳ޷⡪Ͼǻʵ۵ĵһӡ

˼ܳǰ̫ѾˡԵ˼޶У޶УǵֶŮĵ·Ҳǲеġ
ȵȵȿ̫⣬Ȼ̸ʲôơҲõģǸк˼ͲǴˡ


 95 
Դںֻʳ, Ѫϴںĺ, ƽǹѾ޻Цˡ

ںһ羸, ƽǹλǷ־ӹԺ, û𱰵ļʷֹ֡ѡŮӽúÿĳʵҴ͵ȵһľǳŮĺԺһӾ
ⲻҲڴ⣬׹ڳ֮˹Ҳۣôܳ谮Ѿĵ˼, Ե̫ĵֶŮŸȿɶصı

ʵѾּҪȻĸµĵ˼꺢ӡӲž˵ʽѡɶػʺ󡣵˼Ƕӣ˶ʼ, Ҳż

һȺݺݺڻݴȹ̫˵лȤ̫ʵϲЩŮ˼ҵİϷ, Ȼ, ҲȤǸ, ׻ǾԼֶŮ, ˼ѾԻˣͷ, ҲǻϲģҪ˵ţûģôеվţ

˼һЦ檲ۡվվ, ᡣ

ǶʼŻʵ۵ĵһӣǲ̫ǰ¶׷Ц˵
Ǻø͸˰ɣ
˵ӵԻԵ磬涨ǸСӣ
̫ܱӣǴϲأ


̫ЦԺ˵⸣СȻȻôǺ󸣡ˣź󺹣ؽдŮòǰ
ƵĿһԼֶŮŸǿЦЦѾȿ޻ѿˡ

̫ҲˣҲأɢ˰ɡ
һֶŮ˵Ÿǣϴ˵ɺϼнѩͣѰ˼ŴյˣҲýˡ

ŸǺ̫󳤵ֻ̫ǹӰĿ⵽ͱֱݵģͷ˵ءȥ˸ù͹
ǳơùáص˲ͬſ⡣

ŸٻصݴȹʱѾɢˡ
̫ȻҲѩֻͣǽͷԼҹӣû

ֻһء

̫΢΢Цף¶˱鷳ŵС棬ȥС

Ÿǵɫú֣Ųŵذ첻˵

̫εϸ֮ˣüʵôˣ



̫ȳֲǻɺϼˣôƽǹﻹɡɡ̵ģд󺹣Ǹӣٺ׽ʵʵ̣˳㣡

ŸǸѵỨۿתð˵ǡ

˵ôˣ

ŸҲǸĺӰϲܽСŮɣСŹùðճĹ³ӶԼҸĸ̾ĻùѽŮе̳ˣʮ̷ȵۣȵ۰бһɺϵķǻۣԼЯڣֵֶ˿ɺǼպĵλɹŸǣҪ͹ùѧ
ϵ裬ڡžડһ½ϣ˵̫Сˣ¡¡

ʲô

Сﵽ˵˵²֡

ֺֺ̫ЦһԼֶŮŸǲʮ꣬ոͱˡʮɻ鲢С˵㣬ĹĵӤ첲Ȼе⣬ƫƫظֻǶС١ľ˵˼ׯ͵ŮɣȻϲֳ챥ŵʻƵ͡

̫Լλɺ͵ܵܣѵûŮӿ͹ˣŸÿ̫Сѽ

ǼҲ˽ĵѽ˭֪Ǵ󺹣̫Լ̵Ůӽ˳ɾǿɶأٲҲҷˣԼŮͽҲѡѡΪ˲
̫޷ְŸǣֻ˵⼱ҲãúóԷӾ췢ﻹм֣ЩŮ.֮ԺѧһѧʱôһģҪź򡪡ź֪ѧͻϲˡ

Ÿӣίصͷ̧ͷ˵ǣҪ˺ǸкҲ¡

̫֮Աǣ޻û¶أкˣ£Һʹ󺹣ѵ𲽾ͷʺ̫ӵģշа취

ȦСˣ̫󵽵ײģߵĻ¹˵߷Ҳкܾˣε˻ݴȹˮǴߣܹܡ㻹ǰƵģһҴȴڵ֣ʵȥںιҶҪ֪պöʲôټ˭ټʱ˵ʲôҲҪ֪
ȵʱΪϾѳֹģȵż֪⼸䣬Ҳ
ƾһߵƹ͢ںλʱ಻ôҲǵӴϢ

ڣλ׶ӣȻνˡϾҲΪ˶Ӻá

ȴ˵˼̫ĻݴȹںԷһȦ䣬÷￴ðϸֵӣͣ¤Ŷиϲŭ֣ҪľǡŮɵǷġǰô羲ӣôڷϲܶ

˼Ц㶮ö࣡Ҽɩɩӣ£ָ̥󣬳˶ٿࡣҿʱŮɣĶǣ·ʲôĸڻ£ǿ㣬Ӻˡ

÷ò˼飬ЦҲûŮɵİɡ

÷ֱҪըˣأҿ߲㣬һЪЪ

˼˺һۣŤͷֶ÷״ҶǸѣԼִ֣ǰĽ֮곳ˣ˼Һôźã

ģ£ó˼ŮʱϣŮҳˣͷԹԸߡ
ߵˣǡһС鿣˼źˮҲⶳˣˮֳĶƣһѿĹ͵ģƺҪˡƽǵĶ紺¤һ

źɶСоͺһ˶ƵģˮϰɫѿȻĿ⣬ҲƳ˼ɽʯǸӰ

װصȣǸ˾ʲô

ͲסˣӼɽͷԶԶ˰ȦŸոշ˵˼ƵģЦڵԶԶʹкǣҲɢѽ

֬ɫȹڼɽͷֻ¶һʵҲǺĿģڴһƬ׵Ĳɫ̰߹ƬӶ޵ģȻĿˡ
˼Цã㰡

һĿºͣǰһ񣺡ˣˡ梲ɣЩء

˼ҡҡͷ˵䣬ǰӵηӷȣѶס

ڿЦǸСɾڶ

˼Цү֪ء

ߣ˵ǲҪСɾĺáԳΪáŲ֪
ֹģƺҪ˼ע⣬벻ƵģֻܲĵԼ˵ǺҵĸӹһǴ̫֮ĸȻлʺķţǣ̫ˣ
Ȼֶ˶٣ΪѲ˵Ƶģ֪֪๬͢иɹأ

˼Ŷһǻ벻⣬ˮ⣬ֿ˵ѽڣûһŮģΪ³ӣξ壿

޶Ųɣ˵סˣһڨڨЦţˡֵôϲ㡣

˼Ťͷ˵ҵأ



˼˵ͷϵ۵ĿɶأǷҲǼѻˡ

޶ʱɫ½ݷߺ޺Ҫһ㡣

÷ͺϽסԼӡ
Ȼ˼ĵʴȣδΪ׵ԵѺ壬ȻĹ󺹣ҲΪ塣
е䣬ˡ

󣬺һͻȻųһ⣺Ұ梡ôģ

˼һбһۣڿϵں캦̫ˣû֣ϲںޣǶȺǳûɽлӦöġ

ؼ˳ߡ
ͷʱǡǡ÷ĬĬһûз˼һ£Ժ˵㵽繬һٵ׭ûϨ𣬹ƴ󺹻ЩŪò

Ⱥ뿪ˣֶ÷Ͼз֮ԵѹôҲġ㲻صǣǰ޾Ϳްɡ

÷ɿ֣ҭ˵һֱҺú֮ǰ֪ˣҲûر𣬽ղ֪ôģͻȻЩ

ΪŮõİˡ
ģҲһӣҲһӡ

һ˼һ

˼ͳ־÷ᣬ˼ȰѾ繬ſڡ

Ľø磬һͦξµɫ۷ɫ£۲绹ʿ˿̧ͷŪϵĻעӱһֿɰ
ſڵĶȻȻתͷһЦʱ棬һŵĹ⻪


 96 
Ŀŵ˼, Ц˵̫

š˼, ˳ȥԷɢһ󺹽ղæ

æҲʱʱ̴̿ڳ, ҿɲ롮ϹᣬѡЦ, Ĳˣ˳ſ繬
ҪŲ裬Ҫ̲衣裬šŲ

ƽḻϻʵҪֺõ˼ʳַḻʣвóĶϯϳ˸߲, ˵Īм״аڵһ㡣

ÿָָ˵˵ڻ㣬²硣ֻŪ˴, ˮߴûƺˮ, һֱ͵ƽ, ʱǻء㳢

Ҳ㣬ѵá˼һЩ, ͻȻ˼֮糱ӿһ, ۾һƬ

һֱעı飬һ, Сʵôóԣ㲻ʣˣ

ǡ˼ҡҡͷ, Ц˵ΪóԣСʱ¤ҲǳζĶͻȻ˼硣

û˵ĸĸ˰ڱңԶƳһңңΣȷʵ̫顣
ǣٵȵȡԼСҴıܷ

ţ˼˵ζˣȻֻôнԭʸȫûʧ㳢

ĴСⳤԵü١һڣûеζϸȷ˵ֳ˵ڶ꣬߳ԱЦ˵СʱĸɺѲң˾˼Ҳϴɺҳԣɴˡ
һ仰û˵꣬۾ͣסˡ׳Ե٣ټϳԷ˵һϸûʺʱܵ

סˣ˼ҲˣУ÷ҽȥ

÷ŻŸϹôˣôˣƵҽô

˼Ҳ֪ʲôƵҽ̿¶ȱȻ˵Ҳ֪ȥҽԺѯ˵󺹳̶ˣ˭ó֡
÷˵ǻʵ۱̿ˣҲޱȣֻϹͷ

˼ûȻ꣬ڱ˵ɶѽҸոһ׷̶Ѿȥˡƨ»ҽҶöأ

÷˿Ĵ֮÷ͷĻ¹٣û£û¡ɢ˰ɣʲôһǵġ

˼ֵһ..̣̿ڷȥƺҪģ

ЦֲɵСһֲôûµġ
ô˵һҧʮ¾һٷʱ⣬Ҳûޱȵġ𡱡

극˼Ĳ裬ͷͷĺɳɳ˵쿴ۣöͣۻˡȴ̻أҲ

˼޷̴ֻܾ̯źЪΡ
ֹڴˣһ˼֣˵

绹һӵ١

Ŀŵذ˵ѽֲǺҤÿʮָͷáӵ٣йҴͥ˭˭Ҳһٷֵģ޵ıӰӴ

˼˵٣ĶԹҲŲҪҵĺӣ

ǵѧ֮ε˵֮ʲôʱҽۣ㶼ңǱ壬ĺأ

߻ᵹһң˼öһָͷҽź㣬ֲҪʲôࣿ

ĳưţЩϲ˰źңӦźñǺáֲҪβ
Юϣӵϣ㿪ʼǲֹ϶ﻹ˵ֹۡ

ְٳĻ˼ϰҲϰˣ˵ģһҲֻĽ˼
ȻѾһͦˣǶԱ˴ʼûζǣÿҲӱ֣֮ȻģȻԺ󣬰ظ˳˿źʹ˸һЩ
޷ٽˣֳµôӣ˳ļһ·£ĦǻȦŪִ½ȥżţֵϵɦһɦһŪЦػŤ

ѽġģСֳؿڣָɦһɦ֫ŤһŤظըһأһȣⲻԾ

梡ʱϲŵˣ梡ְԼСѾĸ˰ɣ

˼Ѿů͵Ҫˣȴĸǻ̵̻ġģѾϤˣЩţҪɡϾкӡ

СһЩԭϵĸˣҲǸܳģǱ̥ȣȻû˵¶ġ

˼һ첻ǧʱһʱҲû⣬ȽŻĲԭŮɣҲǽεβˡ
˵ţԼ˿Ҳ

߲ûоܡ
޹ƵĿϲ˵ţӺ棬ѹӡ

еٸƤø⻬ϸ壬÷òιţҲԭԷ˵㣬ǰ˫֮Ǹ֮޲ޣű߶ͼԽûս

ȫʹָֻţӲţѾƮȻˡٽһؿһԴƮۺ컨ˮѰŻȻʵһƬ츣ءСĵرΣˮ롣

ģǵһ亣Ļɲڴſ

Ľ˯˺úʵһ˼ӵҲ˯ú㡣
ֱͷ÷ЩżĵѯʣŮɣŮɣ󺹿ţ

˼˯ᣬѾתʵôˣ

÷ȻǼģǴˣɡûѡҧҧܲܽѰ

ҲѹǷһʣͷôˣо
Щ죺ȻزսӦûǸս岮ֵǷַصķûǵ˭ҲӦǵͻȻҡѵϳȻҽ

һµɢڴϡ̤ϡϸϡ˼ҲҪһ㣬ͷһ£ᰴ򣺡úϢĶԾ̴ҽ

ŵſڵĻ¹ٳˡ

˼⼸£ƣ룬ˬƵģֻ·õǣ㣬ǽ÷ͷˮٴȡһ¡

÷¶˼ãЦ˵ŮɵҲСء

˼Цһ£ʣʡҴ󺹣

ǡ÷˵Ǹ¹٣̫ġ

˼գգۣµЦҲˡ

Ȼĵ⣬ǻ¹ٵ棬͡ǡһ£ȻԸ繬ʲôϸĽĵ˼֪˲ֱͷͣ²ӣǰ·Ļ¹٣̫Ƕģ޼ǵá̫ʲô£Ͱ͵طң

ǻ¹ȻҲҴλѪ󺹵ùͷЦ˵ūūֻ̫˵мҴ󺹣Ըū򣬴ūҲҽŴѽ

ߵˣٲȥ̫¼ɡ⣬˵ãȥݴȹĸ̫ǰŪǷǣ޴ɲϧūţ

Ĺĵ˻ݴȹ⣬ĵֻһ飬Цúͷ£۽ǣ̫ƫ
ң˵ȻǸТ˳ЩͯĶӡ

̫ƷŲˮҲϷŲ裬ɢ
ˣ̧ۿһɫ۷ɫ£۲绹ǺʿĴ磬ŭڣʱһյ˺ȵŲҲɬѺȣһӾ˵ϣϴһˮû˾Ųĩˮڵϡ

ľ֮δЩ죬֪ĸ֮ʲô
۸̫˰ʵˣĸһΪ

̫Цҵĺöȴ˭ȥ

ĵӻֻ֣֪̿ǶǰȷʵйӸľˡ

̫ЦģҲϴСˣ˵ͬݻһˮܶƽɲǺ֮

Ҳǹͷ̫󿴲ɫһ˵ǲΪȥ繬УһЩ˳ԣҵĺӣȻҪչ֡

Ժ￨̣ҲΨҽ没֪繬ﾹˣ̫˵ðԼˣ

ȵС£̧ͷϥϼĻңȻأǣС˰ɣ

̫ײδӻ
۾˵емЩ¡ⶼһĳλϣ̰¸ոձѹˡƽأҸոհ䲼ǿ̩ɽ͡϶£Խȴ˵һҪӲѹȥֱ˿ʵҲ˵Ϊأ²С΢ĩͲҪǨ˰ɣ

šҪǨҪķв
Ա֮αСĿȾ˷

̫һšЦǻʵۣľ˾ˣҪͰ죬Ҫɱɱ

ĳĬ

̫֪õԼˣҲԸ̼ˡӣͿİɣ

Ȼʲô֮ӣ޷˵ƫСӶѡԼҴ󲿷֣ƳǵĽͽǧġأ
̫ü㶵ļ϶۽ǹ£ȴǶߵ˵ӵŭȥȡ


 97 
Ե˭ҶʵǺɫ, Ȱң
̫, ضԼӡ

ĸߺȵ޵Ļ˭ȡ
һת, һ¹٣ɱڵġǻ¹һ, ᣬֻܵ͵͵سǡ˵ͷȥȡˡ

ĥߴһȡĳ߳ӣŲ֣һ´һѪӡޱ飬ǻ¹, Լ⿪СĵطһԵİϣֽ´, ͷѵˡ
Զֽѵ, Ǽ̣һ߽, һʡ

̫ʵ񻹹ܵ㣿

ϷҪȫ׵ģָӵ, ȵĻ¹˵̫, ֡򲻳ѪΨʡ, 衣ĿһƳȥʱȵĻ¹ټҪſ, 򵹵󺹣ūҡɸƵġ

̫ҲĨ˺һᣬ̧ͷЦ㲻ˡҲǺĹ㣬㲻أҲû취Ǵ󺹣֮ǵʲôТ˳סϷ롣˻Ҷһָͷ㰢ңҲˣ
Ťͷ߰ɡСݲ㡣

һ뵽ʲô˿Ͳˡµظĸ׹򵹣˵ӲδĽ̵նײʵáлﲻ֮

̫۾

֮ɫ̹Ȼ£ͷӺ£ϧϵ뿪ˡ
̫ݴȹϣԽԽأµĴ죬ͻȻֵҪѩˡĻ¹ҲԽԽҳΨֺ˻ŭ

ͻȻ͵ͣ²ӣת˶ۣǶǺˣ˵ʱ£һʱʹ̫ĶǺǣ˵һ޶ţȸĻ᣺˭ˣйһٰӣҪԼˣǾǻƤҿ

¹ˣɵƬ̲ŷ׷ҡͷūڴ߶꣬в֪󺹵Ĺصģȥ˭Ѱһֲй¶ūĵӣҲҷ䡣죡

ۣˣҲ¶ϣĿɨɨȥɨ˶ˣ˵ãлѻԼĸ޲飬ڽȺͷı֪°첻οԼ˶ϣŰɱ㣡

¹ȻϺ罬ôǰһٹˣҪлӦ

Ͽѵˣǻ¹֮΢Լ͡
˼ΪĺӲüٵʱͻȻͷһѹֵĿߵĺ˵ȥôˣ

һɫ̻ؽˣڰ˵Ǵߵˣ׽ǹ·Ů¹٣첻зϡſ޽еףЩ©ˡ

˼ļ˶٣ֶԺ˵ȥдΪ׵˽˵Ҫʻ

ΣֽһΪѣ˵ڹǣ£ҲﲻҪʡٵĸˣǰһﲹˣֲʹ

˼¼Ÿ˽ƣûƾ˭ҵߣһ䡮ҪʡͿ԰˵ģ͸׸ˣǲ˵ھʴȥ
Ѽҡһӣ˺ܴĻһ㡣

ƢҲǣҲһ̧͵ֲŭӡ
˼ϵ˵ȥʣ˵Ҳûǿţ򵽴󺹵⣬һʹһҲͰˡ

С鲽ɿ쵽ͷʻˣΣһ¹٣˼ڶʱȷʵйˣǴ󺹵

Ҳǻ鶯ģ֪ǰλڴǰĵλ˵ķʵڶԲסūǴ󺹵ūҲʶġҲҪʱʴ󺹿ɺãȥˣ˴ΣūҲԲ˶ߡǺˣҲǲĵġ

ʲô£Ҫôææرץߣ˼ʣĵͻȻץˣȻҲԺ˭ܶŴ󺹵ͶûоͰ׽ˣҵ˭ԩȥ

ѳʱ˵Ҳȡ֣ͷĹطȷʵ©ѹҪԡ
ǻ¹벻ҵøˣǣ˵öԡūͺʹʾȥɱæҴ󺹣ȻȻ

ЩūŶԶη֮绢˼ĺݵˣ˼һҲһģǷŻ˵ţġҵȴͱˡոˣй˼ˡ

ңңǻ¹ܳһ㣬æ˳

˼ҲĲüˣһԵĸϱĿ

ԶĵӣԵɲͻȻԼǷҪЮҲϲüŷõĹŮ¹١زǹﳤЩ֮ıֽʲô
̣֮Ƕвһġλǲĺ󹬣ζʲô˼Ҳ

ʵ۵͵ˡ˼һɻЦˡ

û㣬Ƕױʵһʫ
ѿδΣ
С֪١
Ѭ
Ϊӭ
ĺ磬
顣
ľҶ
˭´С

֪켺ɲ¡޻˵ҲƵġֶΣҲϺȡͺ͵ıһڡȨ

̫ͷ֧һڴͷȼŻ𣬹ˮѾˣڵˮ˰ߣԽȥɢƵգƵġ

ĸѾڴǰȫʧɫǻ࿿ţֻȫҪ̱ˡ

ɫͷһɱɫʿתɫ֮ʱֱӥǹˣ׺顣Ц⹴ڴǣʼˣߵ£Ǵȥģ

ŵ˵ѾһˣͲѡڶȻԷڵĴҲĵѡð죬Ϊ׵һ¹ף˵ūԭֻΪ̫Ĵ󺹣Ҫūǵʹ󺹵ϢϸҲϾһˡ

Цһ

иٹ˹ӣΪľɱӺǺĸ׵Ĺϵ˳ơԸһɺԣ̫ĹϵҪϹ⣿򣡡

̵߽ıӣʱͳȥȿڵĹȻù˲Ѫۣ۾׵ÿˡ

ָһԵһŮ˵

ǹŮ˵һ仰

üưôҪͷãԸ˰ͷˣͻȻ۽繬÷սսվֹ֮лҪݣǱŵò˵ӡŰ˵˼ʱͣסˣֶ÷ֹʲô£

÷ҿȷǽԼֱλ첽ǰͷ򵹣˫ְһŻߴ󺹹

ҲһʫЩдšԷͱ¡
ְϷĵȻһӾͶˣոյɱʱüչģˡ

޵ڤ
Դ֮ˮ塣
ӽ妺
ʥԡ

۲ز־䣬ⶼȰɣǲظҲ顣

Ż㣬һ£ˡȻȥ

֮Է
ǲǲͽ䣬ǲɱӺǲŰɱеģΪһ֮¡ĳá

İѼֽۺãԼС
ȻĸµĹ˵ԲԲ롣ʧʧĸպٷģֻ²ôˡ

΢΢һЦȫʬֻء
¶ȣȱС

еˮڡཡţԭ׼ŽȥĿ̣һ֮ƶֹˡ
ɱҲ̸̷УڡǷֿ̡

ĸ⣬ֻڻʵ̫΢϶СʵҪ΢ŽȻҪǵӣջԼڹȨ

ִ꣬ȻʹɵİΧ˺µĳ
ٽţ϶.ĴɻˮġۡΧһƬžѪӷɽصĶ

Ĳֳ˿̲֪ôЩߵһŻ¹ٵ;׵׵ȣЩɡ


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ĸ˱ȱеϢܿ촫ƽǹ, Ȼʵֻ˵˹ܲס, й¶ʵ۵ֹ, Ҫ΢Ž⹬гЩ΢¡
Ȼ˻Ǵǰ¼ϵ, оʵۺ̫֮΢϶İӿҲʹȻ̬ı仯

ԣЩʱȺԹۺЧԣߵشĸˣߵطگ飬ȫ˼ǰĴ⡣

պ繬žν, ţ˼Ҫ̲裬Ҫĵĺ۽

˼ͣ˼, 徲˼, ٹһ, ʱһź򡰶ӡĸо
ӲܴҲ, ÷ӹһ, һյ۽ڵûƵ, ̲룬ŨŨĲˮ, 嵽ΰ͵ĳϣٰȵţ͹̬ͣʱζ

ְ̲͵ǰЦڲԣû̲ȣ

ߣ÷ʱ͵һ㣬תӣٱ˵ǧˮֻȡһư̲ⶫô򵥵ӣͷζǧ𣬻ֻڡ

˼֮Աǣְ΢ʪ촽һĨȻ˵ڡҵǺǣǲԭϵĹҪ˵ڣ϶ѽ

Цδءεεģֻڼʮָմˮġ

Ҹõź˵ģ

ĲŤͷ÷ͺ˵ˣҽſʳֻҲŮɵƽǣӦ֪ڵʳôãöụ̂Ͻȥ

źµŮʵҲˡڷ㶣÷ѾһѣʹɫͶȥˡ

˼Ҫ˵⿣檵Сʱ͸ȻֵƸĻҲ֪࣬ʳôźóԡȥɡ

һסأŸӣȥϸҵĶӣ

÷Ц˳ȥˡŴڵ˼˵֪ﶼأĶȥ

˼ȵ۾һһûзĶȥ

ĵ˵Ҿ֪Դˡ

ĸĴף

ôûԴףһѣָһ˸ûһں޹һڰŸǹһ湬һñ鹬
ع۲ŵ˼ɫޱ飬ֳһ㲻мӣ΢΢һ飬ë΢΢һȣԵ˵˵ûԴף

˼˵¶մʲô׺óԣ˵ҲźˣҪЩãǱ̫ˡ˵ѡĽʽ*в٣򳵣ҴͥܣͣĶ˭
*õıκš

˵ùûʣȻ˸
ϲڲӦĵӣЦ˵ҵĺð梣ҽѧˡʵ㣬һû

˭ţ˼˵֣о׶˵ο˭أǣ

ӸϲظָУСว˵ôòÿŸô̫Сˣ²֣ȻƯɵģññ㻹ǷǮƵģʵ˯һȥ
ȻҲǸޣʵʵĻһաѾõġϲģȻۡǰ¹ƵĶˣֲǲܣȻźһ

԰ɣȻûʵڵ˵ôң

˼ѾЦˣ̧ͷ˵ף

ǵʲõġĵͷ˸⡣촽һƬӨˮ⣬ֿЩѹвֲ

ûȥһ˫ĿҲ촽ƵģӨ壬

Ŀһֻôõ˶ĸϣ
ѵˮƵաӡͷһ飬˵Һ񻹲ѽ

˼̾Ϣһ˵Ҫڻˡ
䣬ȷʵڻϣĶȻᣬǻů÷̣ᶨأÿһ¶䶼ẬؿŪ㷢壬Ҳ̩֡

¶Ǻϼʱͷ˴Ҳװ֪ûһ֮ŵġ
֧úЦ衯ζΣ

˼ʾ֪󺹼ܵסңģˡ

ЦȻܵס㣬պĵʱҲءͬˣһ¡

ϹģŮ˼ҡ

ĺض۾˵Ů˼ôˣҲûϹ˵Ҳ֪㲻ҰĲŮӣ㣬ڡһжΪңΪǵĺӡ
͹ġĶӣĸµĺӻĸ׶ζĸ׵ܸо׵Ļ޷֪̽Ҳźġ

˼Ϊ֮㡣˵֪СﶼŮ˸ӣںլķǻʵۣҪ򡯣ҵࣻǵĶҪҲ붮ΪĽ֮
˼Щ̻ӣЦһ˵ģǻʱ˵ǰ㷢ܹܵļ仰ʵƯˣ͵𹼸

˼ðŵ˵ͷ
ǸӣҪһ˺ܲףҪٹ۲졢ٿٽ䱸ųɵġ˵⻰˵óֿе㲻šһǶԵģ˺ӣкʱҡΪ𡱵ϰߣȷʵҪѧΪ·һζرˡ

õɵĴӦѾܿˣ˵ԺҽӣЩ㣬Ҳ

ȻҲпĸ̫Ȼڶĵıζ࣬䵣ĸױӴϲ壬ڳϼܿԴ˺ʷݵĹ¾ͲܲһçҲˡ
ԼǺҴ壬ȴԾŵʱλڵԼҳµϤƫԶƣûвȨ˼ǸļУҲڹϺǵġ

Լļƻ˼ǰʵǲǺ̫Щìѽ

ðɡļ˵ϹĸӻиҹֻҰвסҰһζعţįɡ

ȴ㣺ʮţ̵ִƵģǲ롢Ҳҷ죬ҪҷأɺԱ뺷ƣĿֲз̻ͣҪ뷨Ӱ.ġ

˼ǰȰ˰ƢϲͬƣʱԼá⻰ǿѨ磬޷粻ˡԼעЩֽˡ
ĸֽˣֻ¶ҪǨŭء

ͻȻĵĶࡱһʣѽˣ˰ɣ

ӣʵʵͷǶˡôѽ

˼˵û¾ڳԣѾ˲ˡ

ûѽ̰͵ظ˼ѣһµˣ׶ҪԷˡϻʳһ볢ء

׼ˣֻû˸Ҵ߻ʵ𴲰ˡ
˵ӰӴͷϽ׼źʵš

ˣͷɫֿͷ©ЦüһϿ⣡˺ųˬ졣
Ҳʲôͷһԭ㣬д飬Ȼ֣׷ǡƤƶɣסζ

뵽ס̣ʱͲҳˡŵ˼ӣĿѲһȦǼ˺⣬֬Ĵʱ㡣

һڡ
ͻȻĿǰǰһӨ׵⡣

ĳһ£ȵġ

Ǿűӳ˼еĵƤסıӡ
˵ѾѴ̶ȥˣ۳Զû¡ġ

ıӲ͸ֻſ죬Ŵ⵽˴ݼ䣬ֻסСĵس˳
ζ㣬ϸ壬һζûУճһ˵⣬˿̾ر塣

ưư죬˵Ҫ

˼Цżһ̣עرÿ̼ɾˣӿæ۾ſ죬ʾΡ

ϸĸоȴġ
֪ûۣոճһ˱ҧ

ۣЦʣҵأ

˼촽ϵӡҲЦңҳ


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繬źĹ˶ġͷλԺ᣺ϴϴ, ԸҲܳ԰, ֪ͷʲô

ۿϺͷ, һտŵĺĻͷڻʰ
æµ, ҲǲķӣǰᣬԲһ飬Ƕ鱾졣

Ƕ̿һſͼͼƵĸ˼ƽǣɣɺˮ򶫣뺣Ƿںӣᴩ, ҲɽȻɽĹ¤
ָһ·, Ȼ˵

˼ޱܼ, ֻǿһ, ˵Ȼɽ£Ȫ, ɽҲڿ, ͦȫɣ

ĵͷָʶһ, ڿͼƳǵĸתת
һָָһԵһƬطʱĵط

ȹŮʰɾ˳ȥ, ˵ռҲǵط⺷ġˣСҹ˵ݲ
ָƬȦȦֹ˺һ˵ҴлϰߣԼҺ¤һֱƫǷ˶Щ

˼Щ죬ȥʱҲ۾˵ҶǰͺýѣϲѧЩȭţЩſ͡ȵȥſͽϡˣԴȫӵȪҲɢòˣڼŵ̬вͶ

ĵͷ˵ˡŲȨֻߣҪġ̫󣬼ֵϱ֮Ӵβ󲻵֮ҪϳԿ˲С
˶˵ǵԼһҪʹҲһϯ֮أڴ೯˵ϻĻᣬҿԸᡪһںŵҪáǣҲΪѡҪ

˼ʱ򷴵ͷΪʩж¡һ˵ԼϿסֲԸңֲԸϡ
ðúˡ

ĺ뷨ƲƲͷ˵һϣ˭ºҶԸ⡣˵Ҳ˵ģλӢš֮ࡣ߳һɺϣ޶λġ

ʣԸԸˣԼҹͬƬɽ

˼̧ͷ۾ůĹʡЦЦ˵̫󣬽̫ɡǱϾĸӡ

ŵ˼仰ĵڶ³֮ȥĸ̷ʰ

̫߻ݺݺ࣬˵ɫȴôãҪ˯ģԻʵһԵĲƴڻŪλǵģҲ᲻𾢶
ǼԸ񣬵˵̫ˣôȷʵͦ˵ġǸԻظԹɡ

Ե˼עĿֻһ˲Ŀͣһ
ǳ˵˼֮ƯһĹĵĴ۾ͿõɫĿ֬Ҳ󣬷ݡڿЩصͷĿ⻹Ƿɿһơ

ֵ˭ˣǰͻȻʵ

һְѽֵ̫ʡ

ЦĽ̵¶մһˮƽ

ֺֺ̫Ц֪˵ʲôźãҲʵôֵ˭ˣ

˵Цǽ̷ֵء

ĳ̧̧°һЦȻȥҰɡ

̬ؿ棬Ȼ˳ˡ

̫󿴿ûߵ˼Ķģʣôѽ

ĻͷЦô߰ȥػ͵Ļߣ˵ߣǲӶԸѽ

أ˭Ҫ⻵ӣ̫˸ۡ

嵽ߣ£Ц˵Īӹ²ͣƣóˣ԰ﶼ뿴ˣ

⵽ǴС׶ӣֻ̫ʣһ룬һȭͷͺϣһζûУֻۿλ󺹣
˵ɱ￴ùˣָʲô¶մôӡ˼͹ܲܲҪںͷ֪ģΪڷ

ӰĿƳƳӣܹݣԶ˵ҲҴţ˵Ѻϵ˵ʡ֮УôҪ̧ǣ

Сӵɫصصͷ˵ڴ̾źôһݳǺ׵ȻɽɽǺѱ䣬Ȼ˰ǵĴõؽŪˣʱʹѺǧгƺϵҲں

̫һ˵ӶҲǿԵģ

ЦмἰҪƶ֮Ĵ壬ϵΪף¡Ĳ಻ġԶŶĹƣҲð˲ˣĲƾ١ڻʳķάһˣ˺Ĳ񡣵ȻҪΪףȫ֡

̫ɫչһЩʵˣȴʲô

˵֮˹ָ֣Ұݷţ򣬲˿ڣﵽȰũ롣ȻҲȽϹˮݶӺãЩѧưģӯǿʢã

ѧϱߡ̫š

ЦĻأϱȻҵľҲŲҪѧءƽǻʳǣĲҪ̨ÿַѲңĲοǰմɱ˼ūţʱƶȾҪɺΪũƣһ밢ȰŸλ˾˶أ

ʵȱĸˣɽ֮ӣɱԼūţ̫Ҳʲô̫Ǹʵʵˣʵһٶоũǰڵķ֣Һڵĸ˰սɣ϶ܹռôģ˵ȻͥȻҲøߣټʿصٹﶬòļţʱȷʵȽϱĵҲǶԵġ
ȻԼӡԼҶӽʲô

ֻߺһЦò㰢ӣǲ

ıŵģһ˵֪ĪĸʱЦϥ£֪ˡ֪ңϴε᲻ôҡ
ֳԱߵĵƿﹻһëӣЦ߾ٹͷСʱûٰĵӣ˻򲻻ָˡ

̫⻵ļһˣӼ˼Ҫܵӣϴ£СӱΪͰҺˣ

Ӻ˵Ҳˣ㾡ġСӶģӷ˱ȻǸءСͰ͵ҲϲƵò˼ҴĸȻٷžˣ

ƨɣƬ̣Цͷ

ĸ׳緹̫նҪ˯Ҳģ̴̯̫ЦҲſߺ˵ЩͷԵҪТ˳ңúǣ̸ӾТ˳

İ̫ҴҴǣƵıǼϲ˲䣬һƣ˵ﻹҲҪԩˡ

̫ǧȻʵҲ͵ģ˵Ҫͱģʲô¶źˣĴ尲ؼˣҿںǿĲݳϳӺǿũҲ뷨ȡˣ֮ҲˣΪĲΪοΪ㽾ء

һ֮ȻҲǶ۾ﶼð⣺ɲǡ⼸ȰѹӯѾѸѵպô£Ҳҳ۳أ

̫ӵĻݴȹСһ·˳󹬷ߡ
Ļ¹ŷ򲻶ԣѵ󺹣ǵ¶߸ء

ı˸û˵ϻϵ·ô硪
̧ͷ˿ɫǴĺʱأ
˵˭ȥǸСǴŴ۵С۵ģ

˳һתǰ繬

̻µͶˡ

ĻͷҪЮһǰͷȱеѪӡӻûϴɾء˭й¶޵٣ҲǸ˲ˡüһӥһĿɨһȦЦ⣬ʱ˶Ƿ


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δ, ѵ
˼繬ز, ȷʵʱ, Ѿ̤ˣааһЦ, ʱ˷۾

ԭͻڻҲˣҲνžͽĺ߻Ƽ

ಽ˳ֹţһճĺĻǰزޱߡͷ֪Ȥ, ʱԶԶġ
ֶ廨ӣ־ٸߣȴ, Цдţ, ҽǵˣҷۣ

ְֲࡣ˼ҪԼ廨, ײֳ, ɴϷ, ޱߵĻһһߣ󱳸

ԭǳԴѽԽ, ˵ĸס֮ǰĻ

, һ㶼ѹĶӣҲǵԡ
˼ʼ룺ΪʲôҪĴأǻʵۣԺģȥ˵ĹҲģС̵ܵŮҪݲ𣿽ͻȻΪʲôأ

Ĵ뿪ʱְࡱҪ޵֪ǲҲòȥǱˣޱȵ뿪ʡģȴƫƫ

Ҳһµ棬ͷڵЦȻһְ䲻ͣظ˵Ҳ

˼仹Ҫȥ֪ΪʲôĪضرĵġ̫ˣŮ˱ܵضֽĵĶָоΣ˼Ը˵Լ﷢ᣬ˵ʲôԭҺúõġʲô㲻

ţѣЦֻѵˮƵգʼûİ
ͻȻüϡһ

˼ɾ֣ͣѯؿһĻüʹƵģּüŪʹƵġ
˼Ųšӣ֪Ƥ׷죬ô󾢶޺޵˵װ

ûװԼѣί˵㿴

˼Ҳŵÿ´ͺӡȻǽʵ޳гһ׺ۣɫļϣٸصεһָӡе㷺ϡ
ҲԹô˵

ô˵ѽпһԹ˾ͽֱˣ

˼̾ࡣȴôߵصֹ㿴ҿӶˡ

һڣȴֵȡ

ٸ㴩ϡ

ģôˣҵĿ˵Ѿѣ˵ʹôҲ̫󺹵Ϸˡ

ҲĴսˣֽȹֵʵҲͦѽѡ˰ˣҲõһС˱ˡ
ؿЦͲоˡ

˼ıȴܾˣʱֻü˵ѵֻһεͣ

̫ζ˵Ȼû£ģ㽲ɼΡ˰Ҿ;ˣʣˡ

ʱôһͷԶܿѤ֮ƣˣ˼˯ˡĶӣҲ˯ˡ

ѹʱƻбմӴͷŵϼɫıɴϼ⣬ӳԵһƬɫ΢΢ĺˮѾˣůڵģˣΪĲ첲ϣһûϼ۽޺촽ҲŽɫı߶ȻɢźŵϢﰲ

˼ۣЦҸоҿٽһء

˼Цĵҡ֡Ѿˡллˣֵ˵ոձһˣǻСЩɡ

ĵһֱû뿪ĶƤЦ˵ҲоһЩأ
һףһθ£˵ϲԾҲ֪ԼһǸԶŮĸףȴȲ͵˼ԼոҾƤ˵СݡۡſҽҪúӣ̫ɰˣ

˼˵գЦԸ˵
Ȱˣ𵢸̫ˡ˼һ¶أ֪ô

ˡν˵ޣֲšҪ￪š

ǲڵ˼ڵͷ˼˯ˣĲȥ
ϵĴ㣬֪Ļ㣬ˬɢŲ¶ȥ

¶Ȼǵƻͨ
ȵĽķһأ֮ǰȴûκʵԽչȻǺߵĴӣҲˣƫ޴˵

ˡڹſ밲͵λɢ͸һ˵ζŮĲɡ

ЦڽȻ첻ؽ

ͷȼ㣬һ΢ջϢü˵ܲܳҲϲζ

ЩϾϵġдЧϣʵ۶ˣ˵ͿҲãֻܸϽʹɫйˣȻžЦʵ֪ϲʲôأ

Ŀһۣ˵ģǻľ㣬ȻȻĵã
ȹ˻㣬˸æˣʱ˺ЩӼۡ

˵Ҫ檸磿

ֿһۣɵһŸ߽ϣͷõġ

浽һ˫СϣšǰȻĽŮ֮¶ۣŻ˵ģŵĳжŵζеԵļ⣬ӺͷǳɫľСŮȻ

˫ֽڸŪȴ֪ȤԸźĻ¹ƵָżĳԸţôûõģõѼýĵط󿪣Ȼӻǻʹġ

һ룺ҺôҲһĹֲź㰴ĦŮū
ת룺ôҪź˲ܳ¶¶˲г谮ѾǣòڣǼڣԼǳ֮ġֲǿֻϢԼͷصһˣϣôҲúź

ǣ˳̵ָڵõһޣţ

ҲǸεεСһӰǱǼȫϸϸĺ飬òˣί˵Щ𣿡

תת򣬵ͷЦ벻㻹ͣأ

Сڴؿһ˫ֿ

㿴˫֣ˣ

˳һֻС̯Ķ꣬
ȴɷ羰˵ֲмθо⣬ԭָô

ĵıʱһԼı޼ȾָףֿĴŹǷģҧҧ˵ȥ޶ָסʾ֮󣬲ŵԴĻ¹ҪһСɵļ

˺üµָףﱳ޳ƯԲΣûȾҺɫһȥͱͺӣҺɫԵˣԱǿңʱ

ȼ̧ͷѾſϱˡ
ѼֻͷĻ¹٣齣СĹڶߣѹֿҺֻ·ʱŪڴѡ

ĹȻۣ´⿪ˣ¶ϷһĨۣ֡Щߣǿһظţ￴ء

թƱҪ־ˣڵ˼Ѿˣֻƣָָͣ˵Ҳͣúãٸ
˵꣬ۻһһ۾ߣ㰡˯ء

Ƭ̺ίߵޡ⸱ӣֲҵΨ԰ѡ
Ѿָ׵˫ְ˵֫׳ı̵ͦγ˾ߡ
ֱۺָˣٿģſǶƵѾ˯ˡ

ڶ죬糯˯ߵСǺ¶ԵģϻۡӸϡ

澪ˣգ۾ûӦ

˵ôǱ˯أŪһ۵ģ

ȫδ˲Ŀġ

Ц

գۣ¶СŮ

Цúͷ£˵ҲܵҪȥϳˡ

湬еõʵ۵ʹͣĵСˣһƯĻ䣬Ȼٲ˻ʵ۵
й˶֪Ϲźźüã


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ʵ۵ķ֮, ̫Ҳϸʡ
չ̵ļ, ʵ۶Ļϸѭһһԭ, ƫУʹ֮࣬еĵ˼Ρٵȵ, ˭

̫е㲻ʹ죬ǻʵ֮ǰɱˣΪ㣬̫Ҳûͻʵ֡ϾʵѾСˣλʱ򣬹ģԼǿҪ, ȷʵ̫ʡ

̷ϸڣֻԼֶŮ
Ÿÿضҡҡͷ

̫ӣıƼҲü˵Ѿȥ, ǿССģ, Ҳо, Ӳ

̫ѪҲǿȶӼšûоŮӻͷиоֻܾضͰŸǳʳ, ϣ췢
Ȼ, Ⲣٳ֮ƣ̫, ԼֵܣϵŮӽ, رǿҪƯǳзϵģڴ

ǻʵּһ£˵Ҫô򲻴ʱڣ̨Ѳ

̫ɻʣѲ

̫ʱЦĴ̨Ĵշ죬ҪȰũɣ͡Ȼˣֻǻ㱨ıȻһƬϲӯӯģʲôõ¶ءҲҪǳѲ

̫ʣȥ̨

Ȼȥĺ

ǰλʵνѪɺӵ״̬ҵһλŮҲ֮ɥ㷣Ҳʵ۵Ķ򡪡һ壬ֿ߽طǶԿ˵ƾУҲǳ͢Ĵ󻼣ѱ䵽Ǹ߳ɱ£һŮ»ʵĹУʵ̣ԺȻǰ˭ûЩԴϵأ

̫ǰȵ۳ȵʱҲһЩơ˿΢ͷԡȵø˳ˣֳ

˵װҵʦ˵öԡ޷ǿҲֻгܿþӣܽʵʵġ

̫ʣôδЩȥ

˵ڳҲġξѡ̨ĺϹԱֱӵʡٷѿ࣬ңڣطҲԷࡣ
Ц벻ôůȥһ棿

̫ҲЦˡ
ǱʱĹûǰϲԣһýýŮӣڹЩ꣬ǱƻˡѵöТ˳ЦõúܣҾմӵĹ⣬ȥɢɢǡ
ЦʵأǴ˭ҲŲסأ

ĵǲ˼ЦЦĸлԼûԥ˵ǡļ˷Ÿġ

̫üȲǳúõģֲǼߵģϲǶϲġ
ЦɱǿԼá

ɫǿҪˡ

̫һƺϣһСﲻãô

ţЦ˵㵫ʱѴϷŸں⣺Ů˼һ࣬¶Ͷ࣬һںԴⲻں·ô

̫Ȼϲⲻ˲ڵģֻ˵ͷ

̫ڵĻݴȹĻλ˳󹬵ķȥĻ¹Ƕף۽˭ְʱһڵûܵġ̫󣬺󹬵ŮǶǱĿȫ֪ʵ۵Ķ

һ룬ͻȻͣס˲ӣ˼繬ȥȴת˵ȥ̫

ȥĶ˶ȲҶҲ¶ֻҲŽŵת䣬Żʵ۵Ĳߡ
Ƕ˼ͷεһ¹ܹ˵ϵ㣬ȥ繬ٵǵ̫Ǽ鷿

鷿֮ĽȺżһԹһ㣬һһҲ·
Ƶһſ˼ſɵȹ´ˣߵüָŻ¹ͷƣҲԶԶؾܿǱǼġһɿϲã˼ˣ¶ź󣬵ոսţһסŵõ˼һ¹ܹҲһ

ĵЦǻ¹˵Ϲأط޲˭ΥȱС

ǻ¹ؿڻڡ˿̼æӦǡҪ뿪ˡ

˼ҲŵԺݺݴ¡

ӰΪһױǼϵС飬Ц˰ɣм·ߡ

˼ִһ˵ֲȱȡ

ĵͷظһ£Ҷô죿

ţΪʲô

Ĳشֱ£˵ԭȥǶģҪȥĶ̫࣬ۡ˵û˸ұҵٸ̫󣬵һΪڰң̫ǶҪɡ

ڵ˼ߣϧظŪ˼Ķӣʣ۶û߰ɣ

˼˵˭涨Ƕӣ

ĶһЦǸŮҸϲֲ䣺ȻԺҪӵġ

ƴڻһ˴˷İѽ̫˵Ļֺ͵˼˵һ飬ѹصֽȥһǰطԶִˣҵǺҵĵؽ磬һиʲôճˡ

˼Ť㲻ҶˣҲ㳤;ġ
ϾЩΪҪֿˣΪССĴ⡣ֻǣĹѵʹһɧ޴ӿɷǿܣţöĿС˼

ô᲻ʣŲҲԲ㣿

˼ۿӷᣬһ˵ͷ

ִյøЩ˵ҵĺð梣ܲµ˼ࣿ

˼Ŀĳ⣬¾֪ǸϷˣ˿Ҳ̲סǺֵ˵ͷ

Ŀŵ̾˵ʵҵЩ˼أǣΪǵĽ
ָֻɫԵڶأҪҰҰȥѲӵĻᣬƹо棬õɶص׼

ŵ˼Ķӣ̫ϢʵЩҪֹɱĸľɷȻΪʵۣҲʱʱ̶̿ġҰѫɡ죬˶áڼҷѹҡҲ鶼οȨƣԶԿôˡҪ̫ӣŻĸףԡޡΪŲ̫ӡٻʮꡣ

ǣֻҪ͵˼ӣһҪԵġ

˼ͻȻ̹ϣһһ˵ģϻغҲòң˵ɹءҵʱͽΪ³ӣξ壿⻰Ϊ˼ȷʵôġ

ı˵ɵϣɵϣҪһһأôΪһģƿس֣ܸдھɷܻ㡪ҲǲԼⱲźڵġ

㡣

οһЦҾͺáҪҵĵ壬ҲҪŬġ

˼ɻգ۾

Ĵȡһڵ˼ǰҲڵʱúѧţҳܵĹλְȨҳʡзźƵĵطҲвһġǷֲ£汸˹ٺͻ¹ټ汸Һͺż汸˺ʱ˼汸вܡܣԺԼܡ飬ɶغʹһǿָӾӿģǺŮִֻеķݶ
ͳһöСӡⶫЧ١պãײã˾Ѹ£ΪɶءѸ̫ˣδͱˡǽʱҸȨ

е˵ţɢҪҵġͷϢְȨݻعֱӷ㿴󷽷ֻܿӦû˸ΥҵĻҴϢˡ

˼ͷֱȻ֮ǰ˼ҵ񣬵׶飬ǰЭĻʺ·ԼȻ͹ܺһеģھǸֵĵطҪˡ

̫ײֳԺ
ĸӼȨ޷Ƶز϶˾˼ҵʵȨҲöĴ١ҪΪУΪҲ֪ĵԼҷ졣Ŀʲô¶ǵˮ©
ôأ

˵ģ˵ЩʹСŹĹҵĶƤʱԣ˴ķ޲ǡ塱Ƿһµġ
Ե˼֣صص˵ͷ

һ£ʾ¸ҵ
ֱҪֿôãȶؽ㡮˰ɡ

˼ҿңô˽ܵĵط

˽ܺðüŪ۵ģ´

˼ֻס齶ûС

һ˫һһŸ߰ϡ


 102 
߰ĸ߶ö, ȴõ˼Щ, Ҷ, ֻ߶ģطôߣôխ

ЦǸߴʤ, Ҫңһеס㣡

󣬿ǣ˼ֻҪƳƳ;Լ߸ţˤȥȻҲҲˤ۹ͷ, ﻹиѽ

ˣֻԼ죡ҵĸһ㲻ˣ

ǡĸ, ˫ֹ, ҹõ, Ц˵Ҳһζƽ, Ҳĵӡ

ѹ, ͷİȶҲֻߴ, ܿһ߶ǡãǺֵܴˡ

, ʵƣ̼ͦġ˼ץȶ̲סءꡱÿۣЦģΪԱ۾ʧȥӾĴ̼ͱø񣬻ҡڣͻȻоҪյʱֻᱻһס֪ȫһֱǶǵ⴩һ

Ĳ̫Ҳر𡪡ۣ첻Ϸ˵ģոȥĺ˿һһ˳СϸƵƤϣ·õ廨ϵ¶ˮ㡢ɫ⡭
ʵǰӵһ䱦κζǷǷ֡

ͷȥϵĺ飬һͰ̵ζȥҸо۵ġ

˼ۣΪҪ΢΢˫
⣬ڵİ⣬̵̬סȥз·׼ԽһӾͰЮ߷ϡǴƺߵ̽ԽԽࡣ

˼ҲԵذֹĲϣĳɿˣָ⡣

ͻȻְһεĶҲˡ˼ֽһûˣܵسסͷ
ӴһµֻˤûȥԼԺͷֱ·źϯϣ󾱣ԽԽˣҶҪ㳶ͺˡ

˼ͷȹӣЦűԹã˭㲻õطָﻹͷʮеģһͷһ˳˵󺹵ĵһá

ĺԥȡһѼ
˼𿪰ɵķ٣һСҲһ˳ˡɣɿذͷһͬĽᣬݵǰ㣬ͷ롣

Ŀ縹ںڵ˿һƯĻᣬüһϲȻССɰЦǺ˵ġ֮ᷢô

˼ͷ˵һ˿Ц⣬ϺƲ֪Ǹոģǰûʾġ

ԣ룬ֿҲ¡ʣո²£

ʼе£˵ģߴʤ

Ǻǲͦģ޳ʡ

˼һ¡
ͦģϤǴ̼֪һ쳣

Ĳ͸ɫһ㣬Цġ˵ʵĿɶأҲζҵʵۣҲζ

գʵ۶ķ̫ϳУѲλڱĺ̨̨̹Աɻʵ̨ƽǶİ˲ʡʡͬ񣬱˴˻ԼѾ¾͵÷׷ϻʵ۵ԯ㱨ٷؾá

Ŷӵĵ˼ĬĬڶµʡ¹ѡһ£ĬĬʼִƹִ͢ʡ׼ԭûвЩ£Ҵ۽ʹʶ֮ܣֶβ㣬ȿֲ֮٣ȴܰѻ˵Ը߷

ʺҲ˿ֻԮ
Э˺ʱΪҪڿ֮࣬ҵʹնܰҵҡ¤ԼҵŮɣЩҲԴ

ﻹһӣĳŵǵĺܹΪպ֮ôѾǡ닻Щ⻪ֵŮǣǲҲΪ˶Ц

һתԹޡųģԸЯֲǱΣֻܱͻȻҵУպ·;ټѣҲֵһȥġ

ȴ˵һз̫ķȥһ·ϲŮ춼ϰӪկоƵģǼ࣬ҰȤ
̫ۿǶ޵ģǽйʣˣ϶һˣ䣿

Ц˵䣿䣿ȻȻĸ׵¶ȣ̫ҪһЩ
Т˳˵ٽ˸ðЩ˿౻ӣǧˡ

̫ЦҲ䣬ոմȻȺš˵

װɵв׵ģоֻ˯ҲģڹÿһƵģͷܷɷɰ

ÿʱ·ͦ۵ģĶܲˡ̫󱾾۶ӣʱһһǹ㣡ҪԼԸ⣬Ѳɻϣһ·Ͼɫ޶Ȳɣ

ЦŴĸ׵֣õĺõģ֪Ҷҡһǽͱɣͣһڷ粻ãӹ˯Ƶģɶ౸Щ

ȷʵѰ봺޹ء
̫ûֻöӵԼģǺЦͷ

һ·ڸָũɣİ֮Ѳҵ˺
ɽǺ۾ӵĵطԲݳΪũһƬһƬسĵطҲˣձҲɢĴ١

˽Ӽݵ׼԰˻ʵ۵йĽȥѲһȦЦ׺ǮĴԭϣзɽ̫ʯģǧ˷ѣֻʯͷĶٱǮˣ

Ŀ̸ܵĻߣǽϵש԰Ļľɽʯ۾ӵĽṹƣǽĸ߰
ȺЦߵˡЩϢϢϳ磬󺹽ӷϴһڵģЦͿ͡ȻͷͿʼ÷ǽϵĹ񼡢ϵĺѵļ鶼ûзɷֺ

磬ȻҲǱںʹϵȻǱ̸ܶѺڻһ쳣谮ģֶŮѪԵδضѪԵֵζϣȻ˵ġ

̾ƺȵе࣬󺹼Ǳйġʵӵͷ޲ɫӻ¹˵ܹܷģź󺹡

ǷޣϵӦ˭˵ʲôֻ̻ܹЦ˵ǣˡ󺹵ĹأͷҪл¹ֵޣūҲܹǾĵģţû첻ţ

бؿ˶һۣôˣطôϸ˭Ҳһ
ЩССϲ˿ֳֻ̲ͷȵ˵ܹܿˡˣֻһ˻̲ʱλæȻ˵İ£Ѷķϣͷѡ

ĴˣôɾˣȻûҪˮϴԡ˲棬˯ˡ

ҪˮذѥӰѵһ˫Žˮϴ
ٸɾˣƤѥһĽѾζšһ㲻ӣϸϸظϴˮľͣϴֻµζ˲Űա
ŸĸӸߣֽʵӳصúܣͷ˳̵ľֽСĵش̽ȥȶ̣ϸϸĺһ£޲žƣߡ

ͷƻϨˣߵŮҲѧˣõĵѬ㣬˿һһıƮ

ǽڵ˻ԼġֻԼҲ֪òֻƽۼںҲûʲôˡϲǰˣ梷ûкͶ˺ǰϲˡ޸ģʱƤġЩȥˣȴڻǸӡ

̫ϢһȴҲϲĺʡµӣΪǱӣİָļϡ


 103 
е, ͷȻ, ָ, вʣǿûжž;ĴҲ, ڱһһĵģҲģ뵽š
ǲίԼԸ񣬱ĶҪװ࣬ǹ﷢ܵƺߣȻһ첲һ˦, ں޵Ķϣʹһʹί, ؿ

һΰѵĸо, ڰ, 첻˵ôˣôˣ

һ£һ, ԽԹ, һ˵󺹣Ҳ, Ǻޡ

૵أŶް˯ɡò, ˯ɡһָ󱳣ѱӹýģֻڼĲϡ

ްصĸ첲ôһңʹʲô鶼ûˣҲ˺þò۵˯ˡ

ڶȦǺ׵ģˮֽۡ
оͷƵģۺ˸Ǳͷ£Ͼôˡ

޵ǴŮɵӣǷ˷۾ֽôˣͷô

ĵͷü˵ȶˡ
Ŷ̫Ѩüͷչ˲˵ǻٺЩɡ

ۣһ˫׵ƤЦʵôˣҺͷۣ۵ÿˣ

Ƥô
ȴŮһЦȻ۴󺹣Ҳڿޡ
¼ִЩʵĻġ

ȻĽʣ۾ôˣǲ˵ʲôλˣ

޵֪ϲ˼Ĵҹ㣬ҲԵԼʼɣҡҡͷ˵ʵԼãſЩźû롭û롭
ֹģü˺һʣǲˣ

ްԹؿһۣŶӿ߹ǵǿطĬĬصͷοڴܰʹ

ֶŵԸûУ䵭˵Բס˯ﲻƵסԼ
һž⻰⣬һ䣺ܲٻ˯ɱأʵҲܲԿˡ

̬ȣʹһֱֺҲؿ˺һЦһЦʣǲǺң

Ĳֳ̫ŴһЩԼش¡ӡǸոɾģҲˬˬɸɾζϴţЩ֮ͣ˵ллˡ

ҲһЩһ˫ɾЬʵһźϴЩʲôʳ

ڴһ˵ޣл¹٣ϰźӣҲ֪ϰʲôҵϰߣҲϲ˸ı޵ӣǸ޵ĸ׾Т̷ȥ̫ҰûϴױǷҪźԵʲôǺĵؽǰŮˣҪúչ̫󣬱ſȥ

⻰˵֣أֻҲ˵ͷ

Ͷĳԣϴһ±ȥ̫ʰ

۾ȻˮֽˣǺ׻ûʾ߹Ǵʱʱʹ·ҲԵñŤڸ̫̫֮ŲյбһֱڶƣЦɣǲˣ

ȻҸŸ״ҲЩ˼ţ󺹺ȸˡ

Ȼ̫ȴˣЦףѽʱԿزСǲ̫֪Ȥˣ
ɨ۶źһ޵ɫȹȦٶŶӵηģһƵģϽжں˰ɣ
һڲ˵ᣬСƵģൣɡֻһУҲ˵㣬ϾʮˣֵܣʱӶˡأźˣ˳㣬ӭ㣬Ҫ³Կࡣ

̫ᣬȻɫǵû糺죬ò԰ס޴ӽֻͣܵͷ˵ǡ

̫ε۶֮ˣȻ޻شǿЦݰڵӲŪָףЦǰᣬڲ˺ǣҲᣬأиߣǿûС
ӻֵȻˣﲻҪ˷̵ġ׻˼磬ȻеĹأýԼȥĸˣү㣬ŵй㵹ҲδɡȻȥɡ

뿪ˣ̫ɫҲΪϱǿӵӣʹ֮뵽Լ

ͷĵĴ⣬ԭµĿһ󻨲ݵңӴȥ񣬻ʢʤգԺèֳһţȤ
Ĵ죬̫źޣ뵽Լ߬һǴ±˿ߣй˶ǲͷһ˾ض

СѾͷڸв֪֪

Լ뱲ӣʮ걻׸ȵ۵ʱҲǲ鲻ԸġȵǿӲﲻİͺֱۣҪӡʱоԼҪ˺ˣӱټĶţȴŲֱܶѰĿ̡
þúþöӰоܳʱЩԺȻҹѵһ˲䡣

뱲ˣҲҲûϡ
ǣͷζģĴЩͿʼȵ۵Ķ裬Ϊⲻ֪ʹŪ˶ٸȵ۵ΪԼ˶ٵУҲʱͽȵЦŸ˵ճҪඣ
ʱձȵȻļ米եһΡ

̫󲻾ѾʪʪģȻЩȵۡ
ֻҲûˣϣġӣϾǱŮ˵ġ

ػصסĵطһط˰ر뵽˯ﺰš桱֣Ҫҧ
ֱʱվҲΨʣ;ˣԼˣ˵һӶûᣬҪԴϡϲ޸һԸڵĵڶԸӣǸŮأҲȴԸԼһˡ

¿һȦʳģ¶һһ˿֡
ָһѡõʳģĵƷšȻʱҲ쵽ˣŮһԸɫƷЩ͵̫Щ͵ʵ

ȥ˵ҪҲþ֪̫Ǽʱҡ

ͷǶø鲻Щ˽޵ĺĻڷ˿ý纽ȻһƶׯЦ⣬Ͳ͵Ļūһ˶

Ѿһװ磬ɫŴ㒵رˬ˿ȴ￴빡

޺Ц󺹣һˣҪʱţԼۻˡ
ٹūǰʳֵһЩʳģѾùͼԹˣոҲгŵĻ¹Թš󺹳òóԣǺأԽЩ
ָָѡǼʵģԭУҲˡ󺹿Գţ֬ͣҲƵθ

ţ¹̥Ϊ󲹲ˡ
㣬ۡ
šкãͷ˺ʯ֭ԡ
ǼǷǼص¹ҰͬӴСƤŨ

⻹иɫ⡢ʲˡĢȼȡ
ϵĹܲνˡ

ĿȣͷǻûŶ

޵ȻƢԣԼùһӣȡ˲Լȳһ顣Ȼڼ϶ûһʣ磬Ҫȥԣ

Ĺ۲ź޵ɫһģҲͷˣв˳ԣ˵أ絽ԭҰԣѾ׼ʮţװԻ񡣡

Ц󺹳ͬءֻǴ޳ûö࣬Ҳǽ.еʱ򣬴Եǻеĸޣһ·ء

üû˵ʲôͷֳһ¹̥⣬ȻЦ˵ԶҳʵԵʱĹ鲻ģ֮ǲЩţԼҪ군ˡ

ȴ֪ڶ˵ĵãҪͶãЦǺõġԵʱԶҳôȻ۲Ϊˡ

ĵͷͷԷȷʵÿ˶ܺθڣ֬Ĵ㣬𣬶һ׳˵Ҫ
쵽ˣȻĿ󣬵ֲ⡣ĸойȥˣȥȥɳʱļԽٶȣʱѪζʤɹʱĿ.Уʹۺ˯þշת˼õ.


 104 
Ա, һֽݵǰ
һ̧ͷ˿, Ů˲, Ҳ㳤öûʲôȱ㡣, ϸܵЩʱҲе˼ɵͷллл㣬ʵЩû¹Ϳԡ

ôϸģŮţĵбһۡ

ЩССǸΣͷ˵ίˡ

̧ͷͻȻ˵󺹣һ롣

㶣˵˵˵ء

ôΪѡƽ͵ЦЦҲǽ̫, Ѱ˼Ŵ󺹻檵Ҫ檼޸Ҳˡ

۾ļţǲ̫ͨʲô״, ʲôǷֵҪ

ֻǰ˵תҲ븸ĸΥˡ׻ص, Ҳ˵Ҫ, ɷĸ￴ң

ɳˣͷЦ⵱Ȼԡ

һ仰Ըȥ¡ڶ޾ͼԼĸס
ĸѾ˺ü, Ů˫ݺ᣺, ⼸һֱ㡭㰢梲ˣҲһŮˡ

߻ŻʵµĹŮͻ¹, ˵¶õġĸ׵Ҳǿ޵ʣãĸɽȻǡǷϵЩͶ, Ҳңͺֳû¡

ںȥʱ龰ȫƾǱ߻˵˵ܿܣɹһȻһӦζѸں̲ȺǷɡ

ϼȻѾˣȻżҲһͣοһŮֻҪǣˣһ岢ʲô¡Ψͽ˱ģҲĸ׵ѪԵ˰ˡ

˲һᣬǿסˣ̸Щ˵¡
޵ĸȻʣ󺹶㻹ðɣ⼸մ磬㣬Ǻȵӡ

ԱߵĹˡȻվԶԶģҲܱ֤Ļᱻͷ˵ðɡȻĸ׵ĿɬӨҿޣҲϲɫ

֪ŮĪĸĸײɾһһŵʵΪ㰢梣

ӦòǡҡҡͷҲ˵۽ߡ

ĸײҲһɬˣð˵ôãһ֮ҪʲôûУ

ѹҲ롣
Ȼ˵Խ΢üţǣҪһӡ

ĸδ˵޴ͷץ֣һʲô

ĸҲҼ̾ƣ
ţоֲֻ֣ʣ󺹻ûкӰɣֻ˵һ˵ģҲδ֪ŮҪȵС
ذ

޵ͷǼ˵й𢣬ҲԸġ

ĸ׳̾һ˵˾䡰ɵӡĿӨӨؿŮһֻ޽ǡ

̻һ磬޲ĸסĸ׵йԶˣŸ̯ĿŮʲôһСС˿ϸϸźϸͷһ縴Ӳںڣһϸƫɫһ;˺Ů˵ķ

ĸ룺ó裬ȴˣҪӡ
ץס˵ģҲŮ˵ĹҵֻΪʵͷӣǳУͿܷ̫ӣɱĸӵĿܡ
ǣŮеϣˣͰ͵صĸĿðľٶУαذ

ĸ׵棬ǸĳŮվŮֻǵôô࣡

ڻصԼҸۡԸŮе㲻λҩŹź򡭡ԣǻǸҩš

ϵţ컨˺þúþáҩˣŮټ

ҩţڰģ˵зӰŮ˼ҹ̳ӣ

ҩһЦˣѹءֻҪŮ˵֮֮ҾзӡôСɣԿԿЩСɧ..ӣ

ǣҶһˣʲôСɣ޵ĸ״ϵҲ£Ҷ㣬ֻʩǡ
ͳͷ

סڶĵͷϡͷϡϣŪЩͷѣҲûġֻЩϵûЧ˵

ҩŰһЦŶӴǸ֪׵˶ΪѪ࣬ͷΪӣ״Ѫ˷ģһ׼£

޵ĸײĵʣ˵Ҫν֮Ҫ׳ġô֮Ҫʲôأ

ҩſڴƻƣȻҪɽˮٲҪ⹩ҲƤһЩǮǮǮǮʵʵҪԼʵǼٲõģ

Ǯ⡣˻ЩģǺӣ°ɣ

²гսoɡ
ôܸĸ׵أ

οҩŵúܣвеģ
һɣֻܰķŵ

գҩ⵽˺ϣϴһƤҡ
ˣ˵Ƴˡǰǰʱи裬񵻸ݣͳƵҹţԣŵһҵľơ򲻿˷ˡŮ˺ƣ³ɡȻǰ󣬶Ҫիԡɽˮ񵻸С

ơ˳ţǸǼΪӣͷϵʳҪöιԹſϯġ

ҩЦ˷ľˣֲǶƣǶƣΪ˴ЧؼЩ¹Ѫƺͻ޾ƣֲӣǺöжˣҲʢء

˵òƹ󺹵йԾƵǼȮֻ˼ڣ˷ֱܵǽȻֻһĸ鶯òѣַɧšóµūЦǰ

ļλ죬ǰ밲м֣޲ñܼɼףڶ̾ơ
ˮŻ¹ٳƳƳ׺ƤңűƵЧײü

ں޸ֻ֮ǳǳһڣеĵѪζԷ¾ֻܺͺϵ˵Ц

󺹣Ｑֲ̫еرֳֻһȰ檾һ

ķܵһ㡣

Ѿյ¶ˣʺȣͷҲЩˣƾŽ˵ô٣檶ȵñˡأ١һڲ񰡣
ԱߺϵҲеӢۣȾҲȻǺģ𼤽Ūô󺹺ȵˣûճûӹЦüֱ

ġٱһһ룬ѾƱںǰһΡڻۣȴıס޷
һԣ˳ֳһֽ죬Ѵľֽϡͷʣȴְһ󣬼ֺ˵󺹵Ůˣɲܽأ

޲ſ졣İѱʣµľҺĿУǺĭ絽˶ĵϡ

ЦһжûУ˵С㿴Ļ£
Ҫˮϴ

ǾƱ̾ƣҵúܡȾͺȵñ࣬֡ཡô¶ǣһӾͷˣֱ̱ϴؿһ˻ֵ壬ƵĶŮ֮½֡

̤ǰŮһЦ˵һһֲּ֣

ͷƶҲˣȻ
ո٧Ƶĸ輧輧ȵȣʱЮһա


 105 
һ·źйͷߡŮϴͷ, ʱ, š뻽, Եɵɵġ
ϳ˼£ȫ, ҪϣҿɲϧŮˡ

⼸³ֻּţšѾòʹƵġ

йں󹬵Ƭؽ磬ĳһ£Ѻ޶Լסĵطȥĸ׾֪ˣǺһͰһ˵Ҳʵ۹׻Լס, ǰͷϷͰˡ

ֻܰסĵط

İ̺һֱһϣŮ˵, Ҫ, Ͻʰɾ, ޿ܲζ

ȻԹԵԵϴԡ·

Ǿƻɵ, ƮƮ, ڵġúͷŮϵ֬׾ŵ, Щ꣬һ, һ裬.ĶǺȾƺܣΪꡣ

ĹŮҲ˽

İһĿضŮŮüëʱʲô˽ﶼ˵ˡ

ʣҪµô

ŮĿһһ˵ʱûСǡ񡭡

ĿޣһƵģë뿪촽Ҳ΢΢ţ.ʹݳ
ֺȵģ첲ʹӱϣֱڲҲǷۺۺģ֪ԼԼĶͷ

İڶƤһ䡰.ɧȻҲ֪ôëֻܸŮ˵ЩǾ͸ˮ
š顱һأԹ˯ȥˡ

һ־־ǵ˼ģͷζҲģʣҲķҷ
ڵů΢΢Ц⣬ǰ¤ĸ
Ը¶Ϊ죬л֮෼޽֮룬Թҹ֮δ롣
ԸѶΪ֮֮ѹʶ¡
ԸڷΪˢǼ磻֮壬ӰˮԿݼ塣

ԸҹΪ麣ɣ֮⣬𾰶

ζգʢ˼˿ǡǡȣΪý¾˼ֱָˣ˯ȥ

.⴫

ѹ֪Ȼĺ޷Ķ˾ñŶ䣬˯

.Խˣһѹﲻպ̺޵ĹŮշǺúø͵Ķһٺݴ򲻿ɣ
ЬŴ߳Ůһ١

ͷǴĿĹ⣬һӦȴһƬĻ԰ŷۺɫĺ޺ȫûƣضЦ»ˣ

գգ۾оԼˡ

ޡЦţһƯСŮӤغͣһݣǸƯСŮཱུ˫ֱȭض˹

ĺݺݵػ˻ԴΣһΣңʲôΣ

žĻڶֻصȻЩµĻУһǶ϶һǱֲƤ·Ƶ
Ҳᾪ֣뺰˰Ƭ𺣣Լͳ͸ǿǻﴩԼ⻰ǲԼ˵ġ

̧ͷʱոջŽ޷ۺɫĺޣͻȻƤ㲵긾ˣһ鱦ƵᣬŷЦ⣬ڻУҽл૵غغͣҵغͣ
ʦġᡱҲʱšķٰĻи˵Ĳҽкͺ

ĺݺݵػԴѺƤ巢ڡһ߽ǵĳªģ˦ȥ
ࡰˡײϸԼΣǺ˷ʱһΣǳξѲ

ξƬֻǶйء
ʱᣬʱ㲣ʱЦʱڿޣʱʱ񶾡
Ҳ⽻дţʱܽͷʱڷʱƽǹҴʱխխС·С

ͺʱμ͵˼ƬһƬһϤİһ

һƬУڼѵ˫ۣ־شڴںš
ǰ޾ĺڰݽǵһյ谵ü

޵.϶ͷ
ý꣬еԵôʵɲѹסһȫá
˺þãƾ־˶ָһٽţֿתҲתˡѵ˺һЬ

Ƚüڲ˫̱һǵű߲Żָ
ƿţŮû͵ںߣһ˶裬һֽʵ۳֪˯ˣϵЦȿ޻ѿ󺹣ҡ

޵ûзʲôֻϸ𳱺죬ǰϵظţڿʲô

ɫѿɷ׵Ƥü
ûǨŭŮ˵һˮҰȥ

ޱͷʪˣǺһˮĴҹ൱ģˮö£˺ҲѶˣǴţսãȻ۾ؿһɷ
ɷȸţĿ˼

ʲôûж˵ƵʵھƲͷ˰ɣ

һðŶҡҡͷ

Цһ¶ȶûУͷ˵ϽźǰͷɣСıˡȻѾƲ˯

ضźޣĿҪ͸͸ǰһ

޸ûսʱֻͷ뿪ˣ顱ذԵһأͷ˺öůɫĹϻ͸

ĺҹûЩΣ糿ʱԼǵǰпµͬʵЩجΡ
޲ҵģʱ֮ҲЩͬĳɷڣȴǸԼеĺޣԾĵ˼Ϊ£֪Լ˲ģö񶾵ķʽɡԵ˼ҿðȥΪԺأװһӰ

糿ʱ򣬶еĲɵģƽҲûʲô¡̨ĳ˳˵˺һ˵޷һ˽ŵƽ繬Ҫб֪ŵˣҲʡУֱʹ

ǡ

Žûдſطһŷۻż㣬īСĵд˼ֳɵ֣Ը¶Ϊ죬л֮෼ԸѶΪ֮ԸڷΪˢǼ磻ԸҹΪ麡дˣشɣŵһͨŷϷࡣ

ͷţɵɵЦĲɷ˷۾û˵ͷſʲô

һԴЦ󺹵ֶԽдԽÿˡ

ַ˸ۣЦЦĵƨͲˣҪйںתתȥƽǡ¤ͷʲôͬ

ЦͿѽ
ȶΣģҲؽ磬ʺϳׯڵĵط࣬ʱҲ֣ҿֳʢϡˡ

ЦЦǴ˵صĺˣԹЩãҲ˵˭̣˭ء

þȻ̾һֵ˭˵أϵĻʵۺõƽĻʵ۷õﶼԼСžţȴҿòϸ¡Զ

º󣬶һ鷿﷢˺þõĴ˼ά˰ƵġϹԵأһľֻҪֶι㣬ϳԿ࣬ɱ¾ˣϵģƽ֮ɷ˼ˡ
ЩŮǣʵҲƽ֮ŮǱж˫۾Ͱ͵עĿ󹬵Ǩֺγǣų֣

ֻǣȥοһºޡ

¹ǻرȥ̫ﾡТˡıҲ̫ǱȥЩСûаĻ¸״

û̫סƬԷŮ˼ʹĺޣȻ
һôˣϵĴˣ


 106 
Ϣؽ, ̫û, ֻһùĹŮڵϴѪܵ, 

վԺļ˿ĹˣҪҪʰ
İڰ, ƳһֺҲҪ֣ͣæ˸ƣѹʵô̫ˣҪ

һ¹ٵû¶ֻ̫աͷ硯ñϷһͨ⹬Ůֱͷ˲ͷ, ʱŪ̫ȻҪ䡣

Բģʣ棿ûȰŵ㣿

, һ仰ûҶ˵, ֻȰ̫ӡ

ûи״
ĵͷ, ǹŮϢٵģ֪ôȻ֮, ˵ͦذд, Ȼ˾ˡ

ǻ¹ٵͷǡһɫ׸֣ʱµķС˺ܶࡣ
صͷ, ˵ǸµģպҪ̧㡣ǲŭĿһɨ, ˼㿴ʵ̫ﰲ˽ˣҲһƨҷŰ

ȻǺ޸״ĸ׵ĻǶԼģľͷӽ˴š
ͷȻ̫ɫÿû˯õ۾ЩͣҲһЦⶼûСŶˣҲʡǴ󺹸ˣ

Ĳҵ۽ߵһЦ˵֪鲻ãӵٲһδ̫Т˳ˡ
ǰ紷Ц˵ͷǸȻǷ˴ҪҲˣҲȱ⼸˷̡

̫תת˵ӣЦͷͣ˰ɣôҲ

лĵ

̫ȻģˣҲҪˡȻĵģ˵ԹҲǸشߣĶܹˡ

ǶǹŮĶһ㡣

ϰԼĸ׵飬ͷ˵ǰĶˡ

̫ĲסƳޣ֪ôĻڵðͷػӻ˵ҵģϱģȻҲˣ뿪ɣأĶȥĶȥ
µĻ˵ôһ㲻ζ

Ƴһۣ̫˵Ƕ˯ãĺ뿪

̫һЦͺֻȥɣպңТ˳ˡ

ǶҲˣǴź뿪̫޹

˲ĵطͣ²ӣ洦ƣпµĳȣָ˵һɡ

޼ֱܳĸо󷽸¡
Ļߵ̻¶뿪棬˴˼һɵľ롪˵ԶԶ˵Ҳûܵĸо

޽½ֵڴǶ˺һû˵ֻضԼ
ҧҧȿڴ֣ϳˡ÷۷۵ģˮģһۣԽúǼķɫ·һˡ

䵭һЦȶˣҲɡ˭ѽľƸȣѽ

޵ʱʧɫˣò԰ײ԰׵ģ½ָͣ˵⻰檡檲ס

ŲӴɫĩ˵Ŷ㲻װļ׵İɣȻΪΰͰ͵žƵūһԾ֪ˣ˶ڷˣ
̣ź壬ʱԸ˺ûааһ䡰Ҳڷһˡ˵

޵ɫԽ԰ףͷβ˵Ǽ˻¹Ѫ֮Ķ岢˺档Ϊңҵļ壬̫ԩˡ

ֻΪΪ˸Ů裬ϧʹҩƸ벻ͷ׹Ƶ¡ֻЦЦ˵ɴСֻҲϣְ֪취ȫ͸͸ģңûôģҾͲƽˣ´ΣҾ͹һӾͻȥ

˵նΪ㹻ˣȴ֪޷һ

޴ˡ

ľƻж٣һͻȥ

ͷ˵ǡ

ҩľֻһңǺþƻв٣ڶʵ۴˻Ʊ˵õҲ£ӻʵ۵ӣþƣľˮͻ˻ˡ

Ƥҵ嵥ͷһţǺдĸ׵ġƹܻʵ̨Ļ¹ſ˿ļҲûĵĵҴ󷽷嵥ûʲô֮ıһͻȥˡ

֮ı
Ȼ췴ʲôġǺ˿֮ǳһ

շת˰ҹڶԼɷһ³˰˹

˱йʱЩ죬ʵʲôҪ£

˰Ůȫȥ´ŶԼӹһ飬ŹغŴѹ˵ôڶԺΣ

üôô

һҲڸˣ˹ǰ£Ů˹źլ£ĪˣʵһҲǼǰкլģЩ˿δضǰչֳҪԸ˵ҲǷ˵һӣһپ٣һ𡣡

ŷŵ̬ʣôʲôϢ

˵ͷںǼ£ԶǴһ̣ԣڱ϶Ժϵĺãáûλʱ򣬾ǳװǲҪɱˣ˻Ǯ

üÿɷʣ˵ģ

ǡ˶һֽҲɵĻô˵Ǵ󺹲ϲʱʱò˾޳ˡ
˶٣ײҰ׹ӵ˵Ҳû䣬ؼʹгֻҪҲûʲô˵ġ

޵ĸ׵˲ϲҲһǼɵϡޱͲƯ󺹴Сϲÿһˣʱŷϵ۵ѹòȢڶһҲ
˵һгúÿŮֵҲƯŮӣЩܽд͹ȥ֮Ҫݵӣַģٷʮꡣ

ǳ鴤˼£ЦˣŮúÿľӶ࣬ϾұŮأûǸ˭Ҳõأ

㡭

ۼɷҪһǲźһʶȰŮҪһ¸ɷ˵סţסɷȥĲӣʲôÿ㻹Ǹˣôһ¶ܲˣҪ¶û˵أ

˶סӣʼּ˵Ѿ˵ˣ󺹲ǶŮҪ󲻵ͣҸǸ֣ϲģ۶ơŮֻûʲôЧ

޵ĸ֮Աǣô죿֣

Ϻȴ˵ͷ˼ҪЦ
˵̫ԭȵ۶ҹרҹģڻδʮȴ˿ˡ
ŵ̾Ϣһζ˲

ǲգ۾ԼӣҲǿʮŮˣƤϷǦۡ֬޻üһ£ǿȥǸɿݲƤһ˵ĹûС
ǡ˼˵˵̫Ҳǳҹ˯ãͷ磬ƢǼŮ¹ٶþ̣СһٶгġʵǸТ˳ӣնʡģ̫Ҫ˵ʲôҲԸġǺӢкѵûУ

˼ʱ˻ûôעļǳ£̫󲻱ŸļޣҲǳ¡ʵһ㻹治¶

˻ԥš

ֵ֮Աˣһ߲ͨѵһ˼̷̫ҪõȨλַʲôģ񲻱Ⱥ󹬵Ů˼Ҹ˳µףҾ˻ʺǲó裬һиָңǴ󷽷ӹλλȥˣһЦ㿿ǡȹ

ǣôѽ

ЦҪʲôѽ̫ʱǳĻõŮɣ䶼Ǻ֡ȵۿҲɺӼʱӢˬͶôʲôʱ̫һƬӪAԣŵЩҵӢСӣ̫Լ£

⵹ʧΪһɫĺ÷ӡ
޵ĸײҲĶˣͷ˵ãȥš

ȵȣ

ʲô£

Цţץɷӣһִֻϸȥлûһ
ָס촽㵱ҪһƮƮĻ

Ҫʲô

˳һӣʾϵġ.ӵζ
üб˵̫ζ˲ػƵģ޲Ҳ

û˵꣬Ѿһơ
˰٣ǨͰǱһѱŮӵϣңҿɻأպúñ㣡


 107 
ʵ̫һA, þ, װһţ, ڿȼһѶ𣬴Χտ֬, ̾ƣ˾ͳ裬ֱҹûͣ

ĿԼĸףǸˣˣ¶һڽ׵شЦƵŻĹâƤǵ㲺ɳԾĻ߾ȫעˡ

Զֿӵ, ΰͺͻ۵ģƯȻԶЦģٳԵ㣡

ľĸ׵Ŀӳ⣬˼ζ, Ȼĵ, ҽһֱûͣ, ʵǳԲˣ

̫۰һƣŬŬ˵ȥȥ, ţˮǿͷأ

ĳû˵ͦ۵, Ҿһȥ˯ˡ

صڡһˡ̫صڡ˯һЦȥ, úϢһ

뿪, ߵҲ˺ܶࡣ
̫һбȻΧɫ۾ˡ
еض߼߳˵󺹶ĿǵǣҲ˵ʲôԲ룬ԲʵҲһģ˭Ҫ࣬ȻǻӿڳɨսսһȦ֡͡һЦҲýţҺôֲĸӼиҹأǺú÷̣Ȼġ

˵ºͣʵصľ档ǰ켸й˱ѪģģҶ̫;Ҳŵòᡣ
ȷʵǶһ²һ¡

תǾǰͷЩԵ޹ˡ
ֻ̫˿ضԲԶǶԵļӢж˵Ŀ⣬󺹲ˣɣĻζأ

Ǽһµָ׳ʵո¶խ϶ȵװϸͳȣӢգЦϲģ
Χ̫Աߣߵл˶Ȼһһ

̫ͷսʣòóԣ

ͺóԣϼҪͽᣬ֪ѳζ˵˶̵Ļ˵̫󡰿ֱЦָļ˵Щӣ

Ļø΢ī޲Ź⣬һӺԵ˶ɢˣȺ

̫ƾһĬĬؿգʱһЩƳţ˵ˣҲˣӦ˯ˡ

ж˵ʱ̫˵˰䡰ҵˡֹиߣòͦһλ˵Ǽҳԣź÷ǳܵҲǴ͵ʿһЩӹдСֵҪʹ͸ǣ㡪ȥȡɡ

֪ѡеλǵͷ̧һЦЦԭķһº㣺ǣ̫Ը

̫ǰͷӯ࣬ʱʱףһЩ⣺
պɣ
꼸ˣ
Ȣ˲


һ꣬Ѿ̫ӵӪſˡ
̫ſڶ˶٣ͷУͻȻְǸжĲһץʹǰ˳жͷ

ͳҲӶߣԲԼӣǲǻĻΣ

ǺжЦȢΪʵսôڽźɣ

̫󡰿Цţڰһа׵ָ˵һ£ȻקŲһ

ڶգ̫𣬲Ӫ֮ӭ⣬һ·ʮƵģüĿһ˫ֽ㼵سſһϺɫխΪ̵ķݵسе޹˫

պҲûͷĹŮͷսսġֻ̫һӣЦͲһˣٵͷٶҪ첻˰ɣֿͷŮ޻ȥǡǡڸ˷ٲ񡣡

ĹŮ̫ܳ˵Цˣ˵̫һͷ˿޻Ҳ̫Լѡģ۹ⲻһأ

޻ϳģ򵽱۸˼Ҳֻй˼ҵŮõ̫кЩطһеģϲõĶõ壬ͬʱźɣȷûΣգǾ찵ġ
ϣСʵ̷úãʹήĽ˸¶ƵͰ͵ϸŹȻǱĵġˣ͸ǳ̽ʱˡ

̫չһ½ǣȻߵһ¹٣ȶ˴һȻЦģ˵һˡ

ǻ¹ٲһ£̫𴲿ʼһֱˬЦˣҲϺ죬ȻͷЦ˵̫ūңࣿ࣬Ҳأ

˵̫Ц˵һҺʹ֮䵷ҵ¶͵͵ﴫϷѵ༫ˣ

һ仰ʱ˵ǻ¹ٻ䣬һƬհףʱߵף̫̫ūū

ûУԩˣ̫б˵

Ȼ˵ˣȻƾоݣúܵġǻ¹ͽֻܵ˵̫󣬴֮ūҡΥ

̫ЦһأǴ֮ȻҲǺ֮˵㲻ΥѵҲıϢϵ£ֻܸɡ

ȻΪѵ£˿̻ǲ˶ײ¹ټæū졣

̫Ц졣Ҫǲʱر󺹣ֻҪءģþǡ
˵꣬µҪ̲裬벻Ϊ⡣

ȵ磬ٴȵǸ͵ĶӶû
̫˵ʲôζۼԭѾһƬϼˣߵĻ¹٣ȥʣǸСɽִ£

һرǸպӢСɾձʵ۵Ӫһͷıݱȥˡ
̫üЦЦëǾë¶ǻɣʵʲôأֻܴ󷽷Ҿˡ׵ǸӢСɾҲ̾һϧˡ
ӻеľ˵

ĺܿˣɫôÿǿһӶĸӦеǣֻĲƽûƪĸ˵һ䣬Ŵһ䣬ܴš˵һ֡

֪Īĸ̫޽ٵؿŶӣһ˵׼ЩԵġ

θڡ˵˽һ仰

̫ʱԵòɡ

Ĵ˴ݣǸŽš

ȻѾһӲˣƽԵġûθڡ˵¶󣬾˲ӬƵģɤ۶ٶûԵˡ

̫ԹƬպԼ˺һ̧ͷ˵ʲô˼ѽ

Ƴ˵ȻūһһʮңҵȻ˼

̫Цɫ˵˵Ҽ̷ˣ𣿡

¶ɣű˼ңǶ泣£ǷԼſˣӵľˡһ˵Ͼ̫󡣡

̫һĽֵһ壬ʣһҲǼڰ˴ˡأûзһû²飬¶ͽˡֻǰ˴ԶԶģ˻ǸɾûģȻƢֻܰǧأǲǣ

õúã˳㻹ѶӴһ¡Ķλûа취ֻҪ˺ֻġ
ǿʲôõģܸүô

⺢Ļ̫ŵˣ͡һЦӵ˵ǲܣ񶼺ͣСƵģֻǺ档
ǰοɣ̾˿˵ģǸɾģ͸°ɡź㰢үһӣʮ͸Ҳһֱꡣֲˣҳҹݺݺģ֪еĿദ

ļֱҪΪ˼صڵܶˣױסˣְһ˵ǶӲТ˳ֻǣ˶˵޶֮ġҪʲôҲܹܵأ

̫˵ú˵ĿҪңô˵ҲʳŮ֮ɡҴϰ˱ʼɺӣʱ˵ѪҺСţ˺ŮڲԭϽ.ʱ汲Ĺ¡̸ˡһաĹƨ۵
һģϵӡֵһ֭ܶ˲ϡ


 108 
ĸ, ҲЩΡȥЩ, ĸҪʱһͷǲ, Щܲˡ

ѿ˵ʱĸ׵Ŀѽ, ̫ͬ꣡вõģİүʱϲռƯСƵģƵĿ档㶼Ůһмг£ҵôģպԼȻİ

ͷ˵һᱻ˼Ե߻أŮ˶˭֪᲻һҲгԵ߻أ
һǶԵģĸں󹬲ʵȨ, ԺҲоģڸĳ

̫Ҳ², ںյ, ĬĬ¿ʼ, ĵŶӵĻظ

ĵƬˣùӼ˺üƬԼ, 첻˵, Ҳ˵áҲ˵á֮ˡ

öӡ̫ӵա׻, ͷһÿˡ˵Һ㽻, ǼȻ̸̯Ҳһ仰

̫˵㽲

ǵգӥһĿĸףϲĸоôҲĸоġȻƽˣҲҪٶҵ˭ȥҲҪԱء

̫㶣Щûڣ⺢ӻǴ粽áΪӪԸСҪԼƽϣƫ裬Ȼ֪֮ǰӲ¶մʵΪԼֶŮλ⻰һԼֶŮǶؿշҲˡ

ǼӴ˿ӥӵģóȻϡ¾ǲҪҵСɾءֻҲѽ˼ջˡ
Ĭ˺һ˵ļ£Լǰ㣬ôһЩٳ裬ӡ

ƲƲ죬Ӳû̴Ӧ

̫룺ѡļֶŮֻѾƽˣò绨ģ˵ܰס̾˿˵ʲôʱƽǣ

չգѾѮˣھͻƽǣһ·ǶҲҪ¶ˡ׼ֻҪ﷢С

̫˵̫ˣҲʰö׼Ǳǡ

ֻص˾ΥƽǣļȣҪȥ˼
ֻǻʵ۹Ȼȴѻĳ񡪡͵ʵ̨ɸӵĹԱЭʵһõġճǶѻ٣Щѻġ֮಻ôȵ顣Ĵ϶Ÿ߸ߵİ빣ķꡣ

Ÿĸһֱ࣬ʹȹ˴ߣʹԼƽ򿪵һۡ
һŷۺɫֽƬɢŵǾޱ㣬ͷּϤʧǣϸԲ󡪡ˡ

Ķʱ;ˣһ˿Ц⣬ۺɫϵ֡
ԭذ߳дԽڣһԼĴĶԭĿһ飬˼ϸ壬۵Ҫһ䣬õп˽ʹ鲻Խʣıϵ뷨Ͻ

ڶҲˣҲˡӺͷҲˡ

ƽĩԭӦЩȣԭ鼱Ķģһ㶼ûȺ빴õˣǷһ£±ʣһڳԲһŴҲϢˡ

ߵ鷿ͷƽ̷Ǹ¹ū繬ݹˣѾ˱룬󺹰ԵĹӺ͹ȫš

Ťͷ˭ȥ繬

ǻ¹١ٺ١ЦŲ˵ǵöĺݺһƣٸҲ޵˼ֱǲ㵽̨ǽשȥ

ȻЦֱڲסģҲŭµ˿˼ֻǲ٣̫鷿繬ȥ

˼£İˣ繬ſڣĵĲӳŶ߶ŵ̡硱ֵĵש˰죬бյ̫ȻȣȻ˸ֲ꣬ʧȥֻƾˮεδţϻһһĺۼ

繬Ժš֨ѽһˣһе÷ſڵĶӭײ
ŵáѽһü۵ģͻȻǻʵۼˣɵһ²ŵӡŻŵ񣺡󺹡ôˣ

Ҳһû˵ôܼ

÷գ˼۾ͻȻƤһЦܣȻܡܣūˣŮһūȥȡȡǼ٣̽ʲôʱϢ档

ȻֱûĻ÷ﲢϲʲô͸ˡ
ȻûʱЦˣҪȡʲôѽ޶пˣǧӺĺóԵģȱ㶫
ʣŮأ

÷ͷŬŬ죺Ӵˣж㣬Ϣ
ȻҲУǰͷ·

Ȼ·ģǹһֲͬˣ
·һƬǳɫ˹żһݴɫĻէһҰƵɢţϸϸƻ֪ͷߵĽġɫλöƵþģиɫʵľϲ
ͺʵֻʣЩңཱུزҶƬͷ޺޺ģָСһһģžϲˡ

˳ժöӣӲ˲ͽĹĸʱڿǻɢ

˴ŸϼɫĴɴˣţûڶѾ֣ôȥһˣͱôˣ⼾ڳ࣬ˮһô¶ǣ

ļӿ˲ӣʹӲƹ档ŮŴţɫ͸죬۾ˮ磬΢ЦһڸոǺĹ֭һģģģģ֪ʲôط졣

ۼ˼ҲҪӭæֹͺúţҹ

÷Խˣ۾һɨüһ˫ſϢؾͰһȺ̷ĹŮϵҼȥˡ

ļǳ嵽˼ǰµСкƵģǵõߵľϲ
˼ڶƵģ׷ֳǰƣһѾͰ˱סˡ

ʲô˵סˡ

ĶӶƤӲģһо·ܲǸСĽѾȥߵ׵Ķˡ

㲻ᣬҲòȷֿƬ̡
̽ĶӣձһģһʣҡǲǿҪˣ

˼͡һЦҲϧظ˸ӣأúɣ˵̥ͷѾˣ죬ʮ죬ͿҪˡ

ġһֱо£Ҫˣ

ȷء˼Űͷؿڣ񡱵ԼҲоİˣˣҵľͲˡȻе㺦£ֻҪڣоûôˡ

ļֱе޴һ㣬ǿǿĶӣ͵͵ظһѡûһſˡ
䱦һϣȻԼƫԣֻ۾񲻹ãһӶţ˵ǲûкúóԷôְ

˼Цԩˣÿճô࣬ȫˣѵҲң

ľƶĶӣЦ˵⻵Сʵʳԣ
·ÿҿɵֽҿɵıȻϰĴӣϡòС󸧸ͷǸõС̥·о׵һʱһţĵĸŵ˼ĶƤоӴԼȽһô
ֽŵ̧ͷʣû㣿

˼ߵһüչž޴أ˵һۡѾˣʱҪأ·һ˯˼ʱʱҶ
ЦץץĵĶ䣺丸ӡ

ҺϲСҵĶӣĺݺݵڵ˼ĶƤ˼£Ȼ촽СߵˣȻ󣬾ϲȴòСֱѵ˼ĶƤ桢Ȥߣֺڵڡ


 109 
ʱ, ļ˼θڻСƵ, С׷Ͳ, ҲԵòࡣüûüڵʱ򣬵˼˵, ˻һЪգһҪԵġֻںӴˣᶥθԵһһԲС

θ㻹ԣбĿһ飬ֳһűöˡ

Ц۲ۣ

Ҳûѽɡ˼һ, ˼ҵĸ˻ӣϴ˻óϴֻؼ, ֳԲ, Ҳһ, ˸ޡѾ֪ˡ

ĸļ̾ô, Ҳѽ˵Ů˵ĹŹ, 붼õĺ¡

˼ЦҵСأôհǰ˺Сˣ

ıˣһ, Ȼſֵָֻ˸˶ǵĹࡣ
˼Ц, Ҳ͡ƹһЦڴŶӵģֱǼı̥״˵Ĵ򲻸ңǺҲˡ

ֻܴȥššգЦѳûûεʲôģ⼸µʱ䣬ɰѹˣ

˼һЦֻԡ¡շˡأȷʵЧҲ֪ˡ

ĵͷ˵û£ء˵ССԷҲڻˡ

˼ֻЦЦһҸ۶Խڣ鷿ƻܸʡЩ¶ġֻзӣǾټ̫ºвܵµѡҿһ£Ϊ׵ļ̣ն¡˾

̫Ǻͼ룬ʱλǷǳҪģвܻʵ̣ʵ۵ʳסжǹܣҲҪְˡ
üͷ΢΢һһ˵ں˳ҲȥһѲ飬㸸˶ܺáҴĸƽǣӡԷЩ
һ˼룬ɳ˵ʵԼʫҴģ˲Żǲ١ӵѡ𼱡

Ҳ˼˵Ҳ
Щֹֻ˾ҪҵٵԼˣӺѡЩƶöĽѧѧɣٳʷ̨͡ѧˮ̨ʡҪ֮ءȲ˲¶ȣΪЩʵ£ǺҲڵһƵġ

Դһ˵Щãָ˶ѽ

˼۲µӷˣСĵƲͷ

ЦŵӳʦϵװװСĵƳЦŰһţõģͰķ̫в˾¶ˡģû˸Խȥ
˾ԡڼҷִСɱĸ淨ôȻҾ˵룬ܹĵġģȵģŲܷ˵Ĺƨ淨

˼һ㲻֣ŲŲȥĺҪȥ
ѽĲ˵ʣûҴƨɣǺݺݵѡ

˼ĿʲôҸ̫һ˫Ьȥøơ

ΪӣæͣٹºȨλĲӼۣ¸̫Ь

˫ЬùĸϲˡֹɵĲЬףÿһ붼Ƶͷӵһ˫ңһ˫̣һ˫ƣһ˫ƽƽչչһףֱˡĴЬţƤѥĽǸζʱô˿̵ġ

ǣ֪ôˣ״ֻǰ§סǣôõ˼ôŨĸлҲֻܾڲˡ

˯ʱһˣСıĶӣ֪ǾԲɶģǻ˵ҾͲ䡭Ͳ䡭

ﻵ˰ɣ˼룬üˣӿģת۶ˣһӣ̾ƵӲ̲סĦţʿˮһһ۾񶼲ҿ

˼ʣͷѵͲԼ취

ʲô취۾Ҳֻȼȥģ󲻹ȥԣЩٲȻԼֳۡɸ˰ɣ
ץ֣ץסֱ͡

˼Υ֮ǰŻ㣡ڰŻ㣡Ҫӣ

ܿͺˣԼٺ١ЦԳǹ̫òãеˡȳӣٺúúĥһĥ

˼Цһڣ۾һı飬һ첲һСӣҲֹסõ˼밮⡣
Ⱳѽã

ڶ죬СƵģȥ̫ݴȹߵ簲˹ſڣ˼֣˺벽ȴһסĸ첲ЦΪ߳޼ˣɶѽҸ첲
ˡ

ţĸǶΧ̫ߣ̬ȽŵĻʵۺŵĶƤԲԲĵ˼

ϥȴס°ݵĵ˼˼Ѿˣʵڲ㣬һ񣬶Ӵ˰ɡ
ٴϥߵ̫

ֶĸһƤЦСģǰ˼ģҪˣ϶ҪԸңܽ˶԰ɣ

̫üû˵ӵ̾ˣ˵֪ĸأ繬￴˼ǳԲ㡢˯áһٷóأ¶һЩΨֶĺӲ˶Ŭԣ¾ѹ˯ţÿ˯ϼͱ紵ˡﵱңһҲ˲˲ٿɣ

𣬰Ҳû˵ˣ꣬ǵ˵ͷɲǣ㵱ǸƤСӣҶﲻ֪һҪٸ⻹浽
Ƴһĵ˼ȻһȦҲӷףȻӯ˲٣Ҳ÷֣˽Ƶģ֪ĵʱҪܶ
̫ͬܣǺضԵ˼˵ֻҪˣôһŮɣôԵ

˼ͷЦЦ໰
һأۣ޷˵ľʹ尾ʱ䳤ԽԽңͷһһѹ۵궼Ҫɳȥˡ
ȻۣĶϣԽʱĵһӣеİⶼҲͷģӵĿֱڶʱ֮ǰо裬ҴͥηưܵĵطǺӳޣǵСǿģһðѽ

ӣŰģûްȱҲûгΣȻĳһпʹ˼

˼ճ໰ĹӡǶĽո⻰࣬һضڰ˼ֺĸף˼ΪҸһ˫ЬأֹǾɼˣ
Ժػĸǣ⼸ûи̫ЩŮ죿

ĸǼнŮŲԭڵ⺷ϢŮоЩϸɻģȻ۹۱ǣǹˡ

ױƵİЬ׸ĸס

̫˫ɫЬüʤϲģƵĿֺúõض˵˼һЦ⾫µģǷˣ

˼ǫ˼䡣̫㼵ؿ˵Ͳͬˣͷ˰£ܾûƣҲΧæĸȥæɡ˶ˡ

˶뿪˺һ㼱ŵ۾ˣǸ¹˵ڻݴȹֵأнɡҲõģ󺹶֪·ģֻӲ̫ˡ

˼˫ЬǾɿɰԼЬԣȴЦֺأﰡڹˡ


 110 
̫˽ݴȹ, ҹ̫ͷôԼĹ, ̵ļҪ˸飻ж˫ЬӷıԹ, ֱĺ

Щ¶˼֪Ҳ֪㷺Ϣͨô, ʲôۣʲôǣˮ㣬е֪˻粻֪
ʱߵ¹ٹŮ˼֪ΪҼɵ¡ӵܹܲĸ

ֲȰÿġ

˵ҰүǰɺˣСʱ򲻶ãүΨһ챧ڻĶӾңҰڳԴöʲôҪ, ûвأʱΪֵ٣Ұүһ£, ֻҪ˲ر, һҲ㡣ԴҰ, ûӣ˶֪ǲ, ǻʺʤƻʺ󡣡
˺һ, Ŵͷ۵˵үôãôģ

˼, Ȼܸıͷ۵ľɥӡֻ˵֪϶ѹġǰֲǺ, ŮҲشһգϳƽŮ˼ɥżмģ

ĳͷ

˼֪ﻹкĸϣ¸ȥôˣõϱˣǲԸܡ
ֻûǶʣGʱȻΣ˵μĿǰһôμҵģ

ľؿһۣһ㲻ᣬβ˵ʱͦǿģһ㶼ҡ

˼ˡشһȭͷ

Ц˵Ҹ쵰ˣһ㶼ĸܣ㶼ƷˣһҶͦõġ
Ȼ𡰳ԽԼ̽ʱĺӽ֡ʵǿ϶ԸˣⳡǰʹԽɾԽá

˼̽ǾȻе㯡Ȼϲ뵽ĺӽСԽ¶ϣҲ֪ȻǹõĻ䡣
崿һʣʣеȢǰûŮ˰


һȻеģˣʱһʧƵķʵںͻҲȢ

˼䡰Ŷһͷʾ˵ҲתʣеûȢأ


ȻҲеģȢЩεƬǵԼֱľѺøŮģȻõй

˼ϸɫݵһʣŲȢһб˰ɣ

Ѿǵ˭ˣһ͵˼һǾɫѱɰһһĵ˼
ڵ߳ŭͻȻվߺߵظŭе£㵱ʲô棿ڣûжԲ㣿
һʱߣȻȥ

˼ͻȻôƢˣһЩڡӴֻüһ˦ӳţȻġǵǵǡˡ

ֻʱ֡ǵǵǡˣԺžͶҲϵҶɨ֮ͲһúҶӣ޿һһǷôˣ

Ҵҳȡɨ

ʲô˼ɨسţ

˼Ǩŭ֮ǰͦŶӵű˵󺹡

ԭߺһƳۿ⣬һͻȻͱˡ

Ϸúܵλֽصߵűߣص˦첲ȥһ㶼ûۡ

ˣٯٯ˵

ţǰཹཡһ裬ˣԩң

˼ߣٯٯ˵Ҵˡ

ϲжΡĵҲװˣҲҪԼҸ̨£԰˵ôײֻҶˣҳ극Ҫ˯ˡ
˵ֱ׳˵ú繬һ֮ûóԡû˯һ

˼һЦõģȽſ

ź극˵ǲе¹㣿

ĿȻصصͷȻԼҲ֪ΡǸڣһĻĻôʵͬܣƺҲۻǶһµ֪£ϸ˼;þġ

˼ȴתˣֻǽ㽫ıһ£ȵ۴ɥˣ̫еһ򰾵ࣿЩɡ

һաĺŮɶôȰĶԼǲǲˣ
˵֪

ĻȴôŽģԽɵϣ˳ĺԽǾơ

ԺոҪ˯ţͻȻ˼Щ仯һѹ͸΢⿴üﲻ۾գûѡ
ûҽ˯ߣԼ˯ˣϸĶ

һ۾ء
ʣôˣ

˼˵һ󷢽Щۡ

һµе޴롣

˼򶨵Ҳ鷳㣬ȡյƹ

֪Ҫ˼ˣûλְүôţֻҲ񡱵ţһĨ죬ȷˣԶ˵ģŵŲŲط˯ˣҰ˳ҪˡҽҶźõģÿ繬ֵ®ְȺ򣬶Ҳ뱸ˡġ

ƶǸƶ޷ƶˣŵϴ󣬺ðűų֡죡

˼ڶֻˮʹԸɵŪûЦҪӵҲ㣬үҲ㡣˰ǣ

ͷһкͷֵҹĹŮֽ˺÷˼ֻңһŮȥҽţִһŮȥˮùߣһȥ׼ӳҪõĶ˿ͷī͸գʣǼգ

˵ʮˡ

˼Ц˵ֲͷôͷ̥ʱ䳤ܵһģ׼Ӳ̰ɡ
ַԸţ𶼼öϢһ˯һź򣬹ʱٻ࣬ȻһͶûˡһҲٳЩŪģ˶

Ťͷ˿ģףôƲ

ҡҡͷҲߣ㡣

˼Цɵˣ˴ѪǴ󲻼̫֪Ҫˡôңľǣֻ֧ŶϢɡ

ĺײǿӦ뿪˼ǵķҲһӿʼйɵʹϴ˫֣˶ͷгеĸԸƽ

ΨжĲû뿪繬㶵ͷҵĶ

߽¶ǰףֽճϷɵдĻ¹ٿʼſ̽ͷ̽ԡ
ʣϵĸ

ǻ¹Ц󺹣쵽ϳʱˡ

˵⳯

ȻԵɡ
С¹١һ˵ԭƻ󺹽Ҫʡʡʡѽأ

ĸҪüͻȻͷĵһӼˣЦȴˣʡͱ˹ڵĶһзͬˡ˵˫ϲأ

ǻ¹ٵȻҲǻɵĴˣʱ˳̵ɲ˫ϲҪˣϲɺأ

Ƴȥǻ¹Ȼʶ֮˵ǹҴ£ſھָҪĿں䤱䣬˵Ҫ޽ˣͷͲҪҪˣٹܲסţ޾ͽ˰

ŮӿѰ
Ӵȵͣ͵ȵ죬Ϧ£ҹĻ٣ͷ˼ӿʼƽЩ.ͿٵӰɤ﷢ʹѼĿ޽С
öֱ

ŵ˼ôεε˶һӣƤ۵øˮƵģһӾ˺ü죬ÿζСĶˣˮ͸˶ڻˡ
ܵôĥ˵ŮӱսϿƶǻҪʹǽ۵˶ôܵ˰

һԲգںϣ֦һһСӣɫ¹ɰ

ͣͷ̽Ϣˣģȫˣһ㲻Ľ

ֱһޡ
ֽӳĴӰ
ˣ
ˣ


 111 
Ķʱ, һӾʹϵ, 嵽˼Ǽʣˣ

ͷϲ̻شϲ, ˣһСĸŮƽ

ƬʱȻҪ, ϾĹҪһ̳ˣŮҲͦãЩʱʱ󳼻ۺġɱĸ
ϸЦݣʣʲôʱܽȥ

űǸ˵󺹣Ѫ´󺹲ܽءūǰСϴɾˣͳơǺƯСأ

ǡأʣʲôʱܼ

žУȴֲòֹ, 󺹣ǵһȣȳӰɡ

ĲջôãأҪ, źϢˣ

˴, ҲҲ⡣
۵ĵ˼Ҳûг

һ, ոճСӤ׿
߽أ˵ͦġ

ô, ˼ڻ, ǒ˫־Ȼ֪ôӤ
Ц󺹷ģڸ첲ס, Ƚţһֻٷŵ, ˤӵġѰŵСӤ͵

ϴɾĺӻǳɫģǴزСԲͰС̫ģǶͷձ촽۾ȻţߺܳؽҲǸŴ۾Ư
ĶҪСȻˣͻȻſС죬СèƵĿ޽ŵò֪ôźãһʣôˣôˣ

ЦСˡӳҪ̡󺹷ģĸѾҺˣڸšū澰Сȥι̰ɡ

꣬ﴫġཡĸỵ̈ˮֳɵģӤųԵþˣһĸ߸ˡ

ĻϲͷһǱʳľͷˡ
Сӵӣֿ繬߸ߵԺǽͻȻһͷð

ϲ̳ţر˵󺹣СѾ˯ˡС˶һд붼˯Խ˯Խء

˵ȥԸȥͷǶ˵˸ӡ

ûһŴ졣

ü仰˵ͷ˵˸ӡ̲µĺһĵһһֶҧˡ

˵ˣŵȻˣҲŵ亹䤱ͨ˵⡭⡭Ǵҥ۾ū澲ҡ

ĳС
ս˵Цˣ޷ԸĻҿּּҲԣơ
ŤͷԼ¹٣޵ؽأ

ֱǷ
ŸոջЦûƵģȴ֪ʲôùͷԼּǽ۾ҪΪЩǶ˼Ʒˣɵʵؿū澲ҿֻּ󺹴ū澾ķǵģûйҲп͡ū澼ﻹСо˹úͶŮ

ĵ⻰޷Ը˵ģȻˡֻҪ㲻Լݾǡȥ˷Ըɣ֮ǰҪ֪Ūʲôɱ㲻һֻƵģ

Ļеڶ·ߣʱΨнѣֻΨΨŵŵͷ

˵ȥС

Ůǰȸˡ⿴СŮֽţ޴̲סֻСһףֻСһףζһһ㲻ãֻŮ㣬ɰòУ
ֽԲ㣬̽ͷ۵ˮƵģһͶһ

ڵ˼һˣѾӲӲˡСӤڱɧŵܲˣССüͷһſ죬ſʼޡ͸ղҪ̳ԵһèƵϸϻһ
ĻһŶŶŶ˼޵øˣһ˫СѾٵſ֛һ

ļ̣ȴʱæҡ֪룬ֻŤͷˣˣˣô죿ô죿

鱣һһϹæŸС򲼡١ѣֺŸ壬ι˼̣СŲˡ

һƵģ϶ˡź˼ûɶѾۻ˯ˣһ
ɫҲˣҲٻԼĹֱڵ˼ϴϴɵ˯ˡȻûǵȵҲۻˣܿ硣

ڶճ糯ǿһƣϲɫ˵Ȼ࣬ƹдϲˡǻʵֲֻᣬҺϲҲ޴Ӻȥֻܱ˴ĿҶԡ
вûʲôҪ񣬶ķ˼䣬̫в˾°ߪ˵£ʹ֮⣬Ķ㼵ģȻ˸Ƿ˵õģȻûд£˳ɡ

˳ź󹬵ߣϰԵص繬ſڣ̧ͷһ鹣ͻȻһԴͷһ·ȥ

¶įڽӴޡ
޿棬ȰòںܱȵģȻǷǶ࣬üƽЩҲ˵֪ǸΪƵĺԶԲһΪģʵȨġ

ҡͷǵͷˮۿֱת֧ô˵֪ˣΪ梶ҡҰ׵ˡӡţȴ֪
ûڣͻȻͷˡİ仰ȥ

˲һŰĶӲѹȥ

ͷӭģӯӯ°ݣһ

ĿֿǸüЦЦ˵Ҳڰ½ѡ̫µһҲպ֣

ֻô˵£ǲܵġ

ŶЦЦģθ̫ĳݻģǸ˲Űɣ

ֱɴ˿ֻװƣһһľͷݶŶֵôʵѰҲĵء

Ȥ
վһ滹һŵǳɫգȴȻ޳ܵشӻɫý˺ƣý޵ĴлƣƮһ

Խ˵ȻҲģҲģҲͦõġ޵¶Ϣ㻹ʲô𣿡

ޱĮؿڷƣѱ˳˵ûʲôˡˣͶϢɡ˵裬֪ǲ˳

ȥĺȵĸƽǲӤʱҷԸˣһɲȥȳ˵

֪˵һϽӦˣﰵĸƽȻǡӡʵԸ˸ӡ
¶鹣İ梴ϥ̸ʱ߹˼ûаĵģȻ޵ŮˣҪͻݲʣôܽЩӶ˳裿ٲöЩֶһһԸֻԼĵλεģȨλεģȨλεģҲܱŮ˼ҵĵλεġศɣ򻥹

һ
˼ӣôżƻѾһˡһž͸ǧĵСˡ˼ҲһĹ֮裬ݵλ׻ǿصġֻҪЩˡ

ϵݴȹȥź̫ţſǡ֡Ҳ˵ĿһȻϬ

棬̫ںȲ裬Ц˵ϲأ˵ģǴ̫Ӱˣ


 112 
ҲǸῴɫ, γ̫и, ҲЩǵ͵׾ģ, Цأ̫ĸ

̫бһۣЦЦ˵̫, ҲֻһŮǶźҲãŪء

ºͶغЦ˵ǿˡӣ󺹽վ

̫뵽ԼҵֶŮСһϲﲻɷͷ˵Ҫ¶źáѽҲǸͻŮɡϲͻݲµ, Ҳᷢĺôء

֪̫ǸɵԸ⻰Ƕأ
ǿЦЦô裿ϲÿŮɣҪͶ̥лɣ˵ЦԳ, ˵, ۿҲˡʧ, ʵڳʧƣǷ, ͷа梺梷, ĺôҲ£ʹ

̫ЦЦ, ƳƳҲǸʵģ˵ҲŮ˼ķӦֶ̼Ůвοհݼ, úҵֻҪʵҲûжᣬǻʵڳÿʼһκˣһ֧ʸƵģɣνʥΪǾúˣ

̫˵ҲԷƱɡ
Ūźȹ˵Ĳ豭ð˵мƣҵͷ

޲֪Щ㷣ֲΥ̫ֻøҼ䣬ͷһ̵˶ûС̫ȴûȥʲô˼ĬĬؿ˴ĸȣͷ紵˽沿ӭŹ⣬ü˵ɫ
վȽŶЩ֪̫«ʲôҩ

ͻȻ̫ϵĴɫ˿˻ӣɽɽﲻһһӰ
һšһ֣α̫عˡ

ǸߴжķΣèߵúСĵӣƳƳˣȻһԾӴ﷭˽

̫Ц¬Щϸ
ֵ

λк¬жЦȡһƵݹȥ̫ƶڰϣŶЦ˵ˣأЩȥйء
ĲʵԼ׶ӡڻݴȹﰲôˣѾִɱŪһɵˣĿǰһֱߵļ˶⣬һΡ

̫ӵ£Ҳ˲ڡ˵һƪҾͳͷٱˣ˭ٸ᣿
̫ӻΪɱ˼вҲǻʵ۶Ľڳú˵ĺܡ
ֻһУڻʵ볯ǲþƣܾ˵ʱվʱڼҷ͢ءסټΪʵĵλУһʤ

õ˼̫жֻǾϾǿԼŮİʯòҲΪϵǱĬʹöıֳԺĻļȤǸĵˣʱպӴĶǱﻹʱϽĹ

ĿƳǸк¬ӢжЦ˵ôǿ϶Ҫģžĸأ
תޣ˵ǲǣ

˿ĭ
ԼǵյʱǷƭӣʱʲôûУװǣеľӺΪá
ʹ̫պҲֻ֮һǣǿһõͷӰɣ

Ҫзղ档Ҳһǣպϣ

ǣ֣صص˵ͷ

ߵĺ¬ԥһ£úüأҲ¶ģ˵ͷ

ͷ
¶һĻϷ

ȴ˵ĵȺˣǴһǷҿ˵Ѱ徻齣Ҫ

滹ЩСƢ˫վǰЩԶ˵ֻѰô

Ƴ۹ȥЦѰ齣Ѿܸˣ

ҪޣֻۿתȻ˵СƢһָһԵ˵ﲻ齣ﲻ徻

̧ۿӣȻ͡һЦǰ˿˵쵥Ҳϲ˼˯ġ

죬Ů쵥ڸɾЬ滹˵޸ǰؼǸ˵εġ棬֮˵ĺף֮Ϊʦ顯ίֲңֻܹļˣߣֻܹڵңǵѪһӹ¶ˣҲˡֻеĶ׷õеĶ׷󲻵

Ȼ˵ģովҲ΢΢ſˣһãȻ

ĿССƷŮһЩϧˣԴ㰲ĵģƽƽġ

˼ӣûͷ㣬ʤͷ㣬Ҳһһҹһ£ɵͺϡǴİˣһµããȻʣ˻ˣ

һֱû뿪һۣ˵˯˰ɣⶼͷˡ

˲ãһƱ̤Ь

治̵ܵվһ߿ԼѰЬӣҲûְæ˼

ĴЬ˵緹ҲûԣҲûԣ𣿡

Ͷǰˣ˵ҵطԷȥ

ŴЩɬ˵ͱѽˣˣĲ

Ŀһۣ˵ˣҲϲԻȵķˡ
ƨɣСˮڿתˡ

ôܲأһˡ죬ܹȥ˼Сѽ

ŲҴҵ繬й밲ˡƽûգɱһ˵˼ӵ

ѾյůڵģŴţ˼ţ齱߷ǵСѾԱ˯ܹԺܹԡ

Ա˶˲ãǰŮգȻ󡰰һڵ˼ϣŵһߺ÷Ｘ㶼ûط㣬ֻ۹۱ǡǹģװûпԼŮϷϵĺκֵɫ

ܿˣܿˣֲţο͸ոմʤĽһ޵ңŻŵģΪôƯһŮҵĴ󹦳ˣ

˭ˣ˼ӵĵطû˸㲻ô

ɶѽƤЦģ󼪴أôõӣôõŮ뱸ˣڵģֱǴ֮ˣ
Ȼ˵Ͳˡ

ǡ

һѽԹԵһԽҿǣ֪һҪ٣϶ȺġǸСһθڣôŨ⣬һԲģԣ
ӵĶǺˮĴͷ̳⣬ζҪ˽ãȻǶٵˣѰ˸ȫ̵øɸɾһСࡣ

˼ҲǶ϶˯ӻָһЩҲЩֻۡǴ˿̿Էӣۡʹ̵Ĳ񶼱ȴˣֻСһɾʵȤҪ

ĳԱˣֻص˼Ĵ齱ţ߶ŪСŮ˵࣬ŮСɡ

˼ЦѾ

ʲô

΢΢ЦţȻ֡
ĹԹ԰Ѷչȥ˵

ɫЩÿǺüңðղ˵ĽСԽ

ʱӦӱСԽ̽˼Ҳ˼ܿͰûˡ
ֲء

˺þò˵Ůӽ֡ء

˼Ц
ʣǵŮʲôʱ򣿡

Ŀ˿һ˵أӡ

˼ŬŬ죬ָŴģ㿴ɫ

ʮʮԲ
͸Ϻϼɴīձָ߹ңĹʹ·͸ġ˼䣬֦Ӱܡ·һ㱡

Ϊ֮

ɫһŻͷЦԭ¡


 113 
Ϊʵ۲ӵϢǰʵ۶Ҳܴ, ʹȺ𻨡ƺͳ, ؾͬһ

ϲ֮, һЩζҲˡǿʵ̫ӵۣûʻʽʲôǹҸ, ̫ӣ԰ġ
һ̣һʡ

żΪɢĵʱŦ⼸꣬һӦȻõģʱվ˵󺹣ԲӣΪ̫ǹҴԲŲ¡ֻǸոճӤ, δ֪㣬˸λһô죿

ǺϵʱбĿȥ, Ŷĵ, ڳϳʲô죡󺹵Ļ, ʲô֪㣿󺹵Ļޱ󺹵Ļز

Ǻˣ˭㺬Ѫˣ, ˼, Ȼ̫ӣ֪ǹĴ, Ȼ⡣˵ǡ꿴С꿴ϡ, Ҳõȵſó󺹺αؼһʱ

һԲƳƳǸ飬ƳƳ

Ц˾ظһҵҲͶˡʲôġֲ˵̫ӾͲܸˣ

ֱŲ˵ϦĵģȺźͰο͢⻰ʲô˼󺹵ӣ˵˵ϾͷϣͷĴǲһģ鲻㲻۰

Ǻ߳ŭһȭͷҹ
Ӧŷ򲻹һȭԼҲˣǱ۾Ű
ȭͷϣʱˣȻ䡰ˡ죬Ǹӣתѹվˣһĥˤڵϣƨɶ׶ʹԣκð춼Ӧ

һֱû˵ʱͷһķ֣ˣ޵Ұĵط

鼱æ
ͷתУûӦ

ĿſڱѪĵ۾°µĶŤͷԺȻ֪Ҳԩˣ
Ƭ˵ȥõʿʮޣϺʾڣ

̶̣ǿϺŷЩˣǻʵ۷Ҳû˸Ҳ
ͷ˵ҲӲĺӣʼһʹĶҲⳤģһӣǽ

ɨӳ棬ɫ졢ɫ죬ÿŶԼ뷨ԼС̡նȻųȥˣߣǷ˳Ҳ˵̫ӡôãҲκһ·Ǳϴһܸˣŭͷܡ

ͷĺѾľڰϣӱŲöҲ޷㿪ƤޡͷؾѾѪϺˣ鲼ⶼֲˡҲʹó鴤ɱһ

ߵĻ¹رעɫʮʹ಻СϾƤˣһ㲻ˣӵ˼ǽĻֻ»ðʾҪ±޲С

ĵؿһ˵ǷǿŰҽֹѪˣɾ·ټϺšˣͷȥϢ

ǲҪģ¹æͷլʺ񡣡

ûش˼Ҳˡ
̷ΪɣӦģòģ㡣

ͬĬһ֮ڿʼ෢ѣ๥ڦӰ˸Ӵŵ֣ڳԴԽԽңԽԽ꣬ɽ¥̬ƣ˶о㷲ˡ

һظûУǳ졣յСŮ档
ӵĵ˼Ҳһʵ˵ǰ󺹴һ󳼣Ϊʲôѽ

ǲô⣬ȻϢ

ѾܹرźӶŪˣƳЦһЦȻһԻ̵˵ѾԹˣҪ˷̣˭ҿ޵顣ǳźԺųţţҽųţҽš

ԣŮϢһֱţͷõˣȫ֪ǻʵèϷӵһ־硣

˶˳ȥˣűŮЦ˵ɺˣȰ̫ӣȻøҪ㣬Աˣţӳ

˼ĵĲ˼飬ֱȻ֣ر𲻿˼黹ǰߣ̫ӣ˭Ϊ̫ӣ
ŬŬָŮܲ°ɣ

ǵİЦ

˼Цѵʱ࣬ŮΪõĹأ

ЦǰŪŮϽڴϣȻ˵Ȼǡ㻹ǵ㲻˵ġôҷųߵ㣬ǰӸĵ˶׽

Ҳ֪ʵ̸Ϻģ̫ӣ޷ǰֺ󹬣ڼҷ壬Ҫ˼
Ȼ׼˵ʱ򣬻δЩĺµġ

ĵȻܿ˼һ߶һ̬˵£һס㡣

˼˼ҲµģĪ˸һġΪŮɼң̫ط޷ģƺƶˣ˰˵·ȥ߾ˣߵͷߵͷˡ
˿̣оõͷ˵˼Ҫֹɱĸӡľף

ĵ촽ͣǣһ˵ǰ

˼̧ͷʵأҲһҪֹ

ǰһ㶼ûԥЦп۾һ顣

˼ǣĺĶǣӲ޷ǸӲˣʱͬˡ
Ц˵лл㡣

ĳƵģ§˵лɶѽҵȨûУиʲô硭

˼˵ȰŷԵ˶̨棬һʰԸǣʰⲨӦûһʰٶԸ

԰˵Ȼ㶣е˼ˣͣһָ֪˭

˼˵еĻ˵㣬˵Ҳ㣬˺Ҫѿһӡ
ֲܷ֮֮
̾һڣҲ֪ҪôŬСŲΪҵĲТֻΪݰˡ

̫󲻽˽ģҴǺԸ񡣶в׵ģ
ǱϾǰģҲҲ̡
ĵָߵŴӣѻСŮŪˣſۡ͡Ҫ̡

ĸڴ⼱ôתתǴ󺹵ڣֲҿ
ǻʵԳţĸι̡

վſڣջҶ˶ᡪҪڣһĻСʱҲöˣѵǾˡ
ϾⲻǱȫһİŮ˵£ҲǱȫصȨ

ŵһ¹٣Ը˼仰

ǻ¹ʿˮ󺹣̫

ǣɽô


 114 
ʵ۶ɢĸۡ, ڳϱ˵ˡ

ӭ, ߵ֮, ɵ̧ͷ˵󺹣ûѽ

Ц, ָϵ޸ÿ˰£ͳѭĵ䷶ô

ţЦһЦǶۣѿص˵ͱ˳ЦˣΪС٣֪Ҫ˵顭

ĵͷ˵ɡûʲô˴ŵ˵ĵض

, Сָָͷˮ, ܰ, 涼ͨŴ, һ۾ʲôõ˹š

صͷ, ڰ˵Ȩ, 㲻׼ˮˣһ㲻ͷЩм̵˶ԶԶġ

ͻ¹, ҲѵأĬˮͷԶĵطΧܻͷ, ʵ󳼽̸ݡ

ȨȻǳ֣ίˡ

ȻЩ޴룬οĶȷʵЩίͦŲ˵ίһƬģؿɼ֪޺ˡ

Ц֪йģʵ˽ҲԵѽ

ҭһ£Щ˼ЦЦһǣ۵׵һʹʱüһࡣ
ǵġʵʵ˵Ҳ˽ġ˼ӣôͷ̫ӣŹƣ˼͡͡

һ±ӣ͵͵ĵɫʵһΪȻĵЦĵӾʹˣԼ˵ҲԴأʵҲ㲻ϺףǵҵŮɣֻ֧ӣСʱǿһԴ֮󣬽Ӵˣ֪ǸĸŮɣȻΪŮıλӵ̫Ӷһʹ׷ʺ󣬳ҲòֵοģҲҲ᲻ðɣ

һĮЦ·᲻ɶѽȨ㲻ҪҲ޵˼ǰᡮ᲻áֲ޿԰㡣

Ī⣬Ǻһ˵ǣڼլشֱԣġ˵ʥ顯Ҫʥ飿񬣬Ҫͬܲᣬ㿴۴ȱҲҪأȻɮ˵ġ䣬ᣬǡýǡʲô˼أ

ĵ˵㶡
͵˼ͽ⣬֪ʼҲõʼǴΣ֮ʱڷһֱ˽ʼҲǴʱǸɢجΣ˽Ŀѿʼ
񬣬ͨ뵱ȻǵǸλóԺ֣СŰүָŵ˼飬Ҳʷʥ

ãȻӣ֪Լ˵ʲôˣֲλʵ۷뻹糬ҧҧɴص󺹼ˡ

Ļ̸ˡˡɡ

ϥȷѵǺϣ䲻⣬ͷ޴ĵˡ
ĸףﵱȻΪʲô׺ʲôԽɫ͸ˣ޾ǲ˳ۣڼȻȷ޵ļɻ䣬ʰǶ˵ȥͽС¤ĸľӣԭֻرĺȻ붫ߵϲ֮ơںȻ֮䣬˵Լҡ

ָͷߵ棬Цתһ˰ɣԼȻƬຮ֮أû⣬ûʵߺſ͡ʰֻҪ޿ϷȨԼ˸ҲΪ
۾ֱֱضŵ

ŵһĭð˵

üĵ

ʱ˵ң

ʲôҵģʵۿϷȨҪõԼҵѵԸֵĺԶĵԼֻҪϹԹԵѵлûвĵʵҪǱѪеı󣬱ġõĵطЩľӪġʱ˹¡Ըʵˡ

Цˡ
ԼģҲںʼͿˡڣԼǨ¤Ѿˣ̵Ļǳ͢ãԲǷ졣

ε¾ǲڵģȫǻɫ
վö飬ȷ򣬱Ҫʱұڹ塣ǳǰܡǡӢۡǡܡǶĸѡ
ֻ޲ŻʷĴͲȣڵͺѡҡ顱͡ޡȵ˵Ķ­ϣ

ĺļصƽǹ֮ճ˸ᡰ̫ӡͻһ䡰£ҭ˵Ϊֹ
ȻЩӣһֶ¼Щƹ̸̫ۡӡʱߵһֶ¼ЩԱۡҹ˽̸ĳ̫ͣõģһҲ¼

ƻָȺʳǲϲķȥΧ׷½صģϲȦһطǻͷԵҰ¹ײٲɫСİΧȦһ˺ҧõ

˼Ϣʮյ죬Цһֽ繬
˼ͷʣʲô

Ц

˼ЩֽոµģԵֺıЦʲôҿһµģ
۾˵ϱ̫ӣȻһɶػʺţȻͿ˳ش

ĮЦݡ

ЦŰѼֽϣ˯ǰ¸¸ңҲֻܹƥ߳޶ˣ

̧һŤӣ㿪ָӶƣôʹࣿ

ס㿪˵ʹ࣬Ҷ᲻áʵʵңȻ㣬һࡣ
˵ǿ

ȺЩӣѰˣȻտһ𣬵ΨҲ⣬Ѿͷʹҽճź곤֣ǲòָòˡ
Ȼġǣڳ㣬һһƮůڵѪҲһ߹ȣһĺϣֻȵú޲̰ϰµȫʹ⣡

ȻʹֽűֺϥǿţݻǺݺݸ촽һҧ
ĳʹֻɿЩίʣô

˼ֵбؿôëˣǿԵѸأ

촽ƤЦ˵ҸģҸġ
Ȼʣôģ

˼⹷ӵӣЦֱţ˵ġѽ

齣ȥǵֽݸȻԹԵشڸ齱߶ϣͷŵ˼һſֽҲģĲҲ

׵˼ˣ԰һżֽ룬̾˵ԭ˲ңҲˣûá
ȻߣЦģҲҲû취ԽǣΨжſѰǷ촽ȥ

ǺգҲȤζرǴʱʱģսñĽ죬ܰѵŪͷתҲű
ļѹ׸˫ָո£ס뵽ոյľ棬ԭʹ˫־ֻ¸Ūˡ

ǵ϶˼Ϣ뿪һЩ
ĿϷཱུɫ۾ˮ̬֪ԼһҲԼòˡ
Цҽжģжſ

˼͡һЦѣֵ֪ͣ
һ񴼾һ˽ǡ

ǡȻʣвأ

׻ɬʱ࣬ոշһС£ֽһػһŵ˵еġ


 115 
Ȳ, , ʱʱҪһ䣺۲ۣ

꺢, ôѾͷʵ˵, ĵһΣʹʡֻҪһҧһü˾ͣ¶Сĵؿ
Ų⣬˼ЩΡһº㣬˿ǳˡ

˼ظЦ˭ŵأ

ĸĸ첲ҲЦ˵ԼԸ⡣ҪԼܵʲô̶ȣһɫǰԻ, ǿ˼ǿúˡ

˼뵽ʲôƵģ͵͵һЦ

ʣ뵽ʲôˣ˵ա

˼Ц˵, 㲻ˡ

ĵͷ

˼˵áҡܽ*ȵ, ֲóõù
*⼸ǶȨ¹١

ıЦֺ, ֱЦŤתġ˵췴, Щûϵļһôٺ˵, Ӷʮ¡

˼Ц˵˲ˡ󺹵֪

௵˵Щ˽, ¹ˣԾһ, Ҫ»Ҫ顣
˵ӣͰȻҪͷˣҵҲŵùˡΪֵǺˣִ̫ƽȭҲмҴеӷѣƵ֮󣬾Ͱ׽ڳ͢ȥ

˼ʣڳ͢ﶼȥˣȥ˷ô죿

ЦǾͿƳǵĵԼҲ޻ȸںл
²£

ļ˵Ѫ˵ȫҲǼٵģ˼˵ߵһҲֻ˼Э󺹡ڴһֵλܲʲôֻƾȹҲʵʰɡ

бͷŵ˼Ц΢΢˵ԼҲ¤ֻ²ܸı䡣˵ݵزҿԸѧвŻˡСɱĸôϾרһһǵˮ©ġ

˼˿˵ͷ⣬лл̹ϡ

ڶ糿ϳȥˡ˼͵һСŮȻԸˣԺ⣬úôɨպؿҪˣﲻܿס
СŮ˵ӣǼ̡ɫ٣ɫɫ

ķ̫Ѳʱ˼ʱƿصľ棬Ϊӵʮ߽⡣
һд飬Ҫ˾زߣн˾Ҫ̿ҩҪҩ¾ҪѲϣʡҪŮǳ繬ԷɢĹطơʵڹ˾ԱڶĬ˿ŵ£ɫ˽⹬Σ˸Ϣ

ϣȻȷѣԼñŹ˵ڼ˵ĺȻߥϡ̫ӡǡϣնǿ벻̡
˵ʵḯţһֱĴ䡱λĺϣȺ֮Ūһӣ̸԰ѵһֱԵ̫ӵٴó˵¶

һֱԵö̫ºܵĮĶģ˵Ĵġ˲ˡ뼯ƽǣҪʸĴĵλҪһʵ̸ۡһ̸ʱڳŭ˫ӥһ۾ЦǱƹô

ʵ۵׾˾ˡ̫ϵװɡǲˣʵϥ̾󺹣Խ˵һ䣬ƹõʵסҲһһ䣬ֻƾЩϾ飬󺹴Щڳɷ

ЦҪҡ塯ôӣĸӣԼ°ɣ

˸̣˵ǻʼѵͲ˵

⵱Ȼʵָǻʵ۵ס̫ϡ

ȴҶãּصķذա

ֱǶ˾ɫ䣬ԴҲЩ˲Ĵƾٳģûл׵ĵλȴҲûл׵в󺹰ǣѲɻֵֶΪʴŻң
ǻʵ۵ľ˾ˣһԴ֪ƢǳӲģ󺹣˻ͼһĹġҲõģĴİ˲ֻҹȰ󺹣תֵֻúͲˡ

Цˣֺ̫Լˡ
ž˾ˣЦôдͣӵܲӦǡ˼һͽŮӣò𣬻˸գƾޣ޲ͷ

˾ɫ䣬ָ촽һ£ðŹֵ󺹻Ǻúɣˣ

Į˵˸Ҫȥݴȹܿϣһ˴ѿ

ֱӵɣ
˸Ҳ֪ʵ۵ôˣͻȻ֮ǳȥλֵܺȾ̸𣬴̾˵СƢµģԼܳ裬᲻ðաҲ師ˣȰ˲һɣ̫ٽнȥǳһ١һŮӣ᲻ҲļĹ򣬽³Ҳͺˡ̼ҵĹﶼôƯģתˣͽȥҲ٣һշްն

˲뼯ȴӲǲգ˼˵̫Žб䣬ֻЩˡ

ڵ˼ɫް

˼֪ŭʲôֻȰŽб䲻٣ֻ̫һӣϲԶδҲ
һҲ˵Ȼ׼ǶԵġ

˺һ˵λãǲעû˿ˣ

˼Ҳ¶Ǵ󲿷ֵΣǵݳƷֻܱס̾һȰο𼱣ǰôֻǵŽ˵̫Ҳ䣬δѡ

ЦҪ˭ݴȹſڵļʮʲôֵô޷ǱЮȹʱԴ󿪷֮Űˡ
ĬĬس˼ãԵ˼˵㲻òˡ⼸գͰ¶ᵽ̫ȥסĸĲˣӵǰ

Ҫѵ˼ߡһ·ǰһ·ƽǹȻرǰ

ΪŮ˼Ҳðաڶʰ˺ӵĶڻʵ³֮ԱŮᵽ˻ʵ̫ĺ

İúĸŮСŮͷšϴŶرŮɫЦЦ˵ϸġһ·˿ͰҲ޷ǽҿٿƨɣȻ֪ĺϷ

ذѵ˼ͺһס˵һǴ㵽ݴȹһˣ˵ģӣеѹҪһʣ׻Ѳҵˣ

˼ůĻįЦȰȥɡĸӲӦĲ¼ɺ϶

ͻȷʵشֲ׵һζվڵƸߵϣʵʵʲôĽǶΪǣһﻨ
ⳡĸӵնУΪ֧֣ڲ˵һͿء

򣬽ӻݴȹص̫ʱһΡįġ

˼Ů

СŲſĸ׵ļϣع磬׵ӰᵽϵϢȻἤ㵸

Ľ˫ü΢΢ɳڣǰŮŵ˼·˵˫Цһѹϼҡ


 116 
̫󲻿ϼ, 湵ͨĻᶼ, ޹ֺĻġ
˵վߵλ, ߴʤǱϾǴСһְ, ȻȻӵıĸˣѾ֮ˣȻܣڱǰ£ڵ˼ǰװˡ

˼ϧؿͷҲ˵
Сθöӡ, ĺš

ʣǲطѽ

̧һ۾ûУݴȹŶûȥĶзԡҲ㡭ʹȥˡſڼȻ, ҲסҡҰͷ˵, ҪǷǴ, Ҳס㡣ҪһԣҡҾʹùˡ

˼˰ֻ̣ʣô

ҡҡͷ, СƵ, һ˵дŰɡҲԣҪȾơͼҺõ̾ƽ

˼Ȱ˵ǡԽ, Ψжſʵǡ鵶ˮˮ, ٱƽһͻȻҺŮҪ㻤أ

һ˵θжȻˡĸֱŤӺŮǷͰүôڲˣ
ðɡ˵Ҿͺһ΢һ¡磬ҴӼ˲ˡ

۾ǵķӡ

˼ѺӴȥĸֽдǡڹĹԶԶڽ˻֡ǹһ
˼һƵݸʵߵܹܻ¹٣ҵˣ

ʵ߶˾˼ĵλĸãʵ۷ȨҲƵġȡһ·Сܣű߶ǽаĹ˽˽

ǡƳƳѹ˵ҩϢ

ʲôҪϢ

ѹøˣݴȹټҽ˵ǸһŮƲͷҩշץҩǶʳҩ˵ͷдǡƵһҩɫͲԡ㡢컨ͷ˲Ρͷ

˼һⷽϤ÷ﱻƭ⸱ӡŵţʵҹѪʹ̥¡
̫Ҫ⸱鷽޷ǹ˻С˻УҪôǲϽڣҪôǶģȻһ
˼е㲻ȥ롣

ҡ֪ˡ˼ǿѹŽƣȶеطԸǣڲʵ֮ǰҪҧˣһ䶼ܴȥ

ãǹ֣صصͷҪġ

ڵ˼㿪뿪֮ǰ˵ոϢϵģϻһ

˼ȣȻҪСҩˣ⵹ҲǸؽڣҩõñֻ²˻ﱻˣҩĹأ˾ͳԲˡ
ǲҪµķҩ

ͷ˵һ㲻أҪһҩ
ԺܺãһζһζաˡɣɰʡҶ˿ӡ١㡢ʯѣ˶ҩԵĻ¹٣˵ǲҩǡ

ֿʼˣƾ˼һֻ˵ҩϾҽԺǵС¹ҲǸ辣δض͸ﻹǵÿҽʸ׵

Ҳ
˼ĬĬؼҩصĵ޹ʱѾһˡ
ĺҲûθڵӣſߣֻȵ˼ˣÿӵȣҽ׼ЩزĶ㰮Եġ

ѹϲĻ壻ûԹ˻ˣ嵭ʳʣݿãҩζ֣»ӸƵģڻͣ˾;ĥʡ
˼ǳԵƵģʱ̧ͷɫ˵󺹽鲻ˬǳȥ任飬ЪһЪηһ£

˵ҵͤȥ

һż䴩Ƥİӣܺһ㡣

˼˵ҽС΢΢е׹ͣҽһ

õġĿһۣ㵱ӹǡ

˼˶˵һϢûвʵ֮ǰˡȻ㡣

ĵһЦõģŵù㡣
źĻ¹ٸխ̵װȻĳͼң̫ͷļͤͼһȥˡ

˼ܿҽ

֮ҽЦָòس߲ͻ

˼Ҫ˵ӣסµһݷӣ˵вЧҽһɲã
һ֦ϸʣСдһżֽϣȻ˴ݸҽ

ҽһƾЦǸ˭ƭˡҩҲϡȿУ˲ѪɣλʪɰУľʹҩģǰ̥ǲģҪķӣмźõġ

˼¡¡죬ҽĶصɫҲû̫ˣطԸ˺ʹּͣװȤҪ˲鷽Ȼҽˡ

ʼЩǡǰһˣ
Ŷ̥תȴű̥·ݴ˶̥зգú
صŽ´ġ⴫һ©յ˶
ԭĸ϶ҲŶǰȥֺáǱϾûоѣ̫ĳǸԶϺ·

˼ոա¡¡ӣ֡ˡʼˡ

⣬ָô߶ģʮˣҪˣ
Ⱒɵģͬĸ츸ģ

ȴ˵һҼаеȻǰٷ֮٣а۵ģҲʮռ˾ųɡ
ɢЩԼǿƿ³ġ

ۼʱ䲻ˣ˲ǵı˻ʵ۵ĳ֣µȥӼзεġ˲ˡ

Ĵİλ곤Ĵ󳼣ʵ۴ɴλƱˣȻջҲǶ̸ӦԵĲԣôһڼҷʼ̸ĳλƶʡġʵ̸պĸƾӹĺףáТֿС̫ӣĸ󵱳ôͲôǿˡ֮Ҫʩѻʵ۵ͷ˵̫һ̫Ӷɱϵ¶ͳˡ

ɫ۴ǹʱӰ˸˵һ˳شӸ߽ϵ˴˻һȻβظ˰

ı嵭ºֵ̧ض񣬸λҲǳѫسôһҪҪЩʱӼλ
ڰ׷۾Ϸͷһһؿ·Щð˲˵ÿһеëëġǻʵַЦҲܺͰֽ˾ãҲһɣûʲôһġ

㿴ңҿ㣬ĿɺϵˣǶĵһλ˾ˡȿ˿ڣ󺹡

ȻƵ˰ˣ˵¶
ʼϲ̸ɺһΪ£Ӵ̸գ̸˰˵޽ʡϸϸһˣһģɺӵĸ˰ɣ͵ģڱصģˡֵĺ˺ʱص£Ҳˡֻ̼Ϊ壬ǮԣﻹҪȥ軧Ͳǵùܹܺá

ϵλˣһ٣˵ñϺˣֻΨΨͷķݶ

׶˵˶̲ȡλ˾˼ǸϽ󺹣ǴԴ֮󣬾һơΪĸ׳ףŪԹ³רã̫̫֮֮ĸ

ĵͷŲ̬û䣺ţ֪ƣʵ̫˵ͯɥĸ缦ʧ˼ĸ̻֮״֮

ǹΪأͯĸչˣ̫̫Ҳĸְ

һλҵĴһ䣺ɲǡߣӿôŻδʶʱĸӵϵպҲõˡ

бһۣûкǳ⣬ֻüӦ

ʵ۲粵𣬴ҾȰϷ㿪ʼһһΧ

˵ʹʹ󺹵ľµ簡
Ǹ˵Ǻ֮ŮûʲôÿϧġվǳҵֶŮҲҪ󺹾ϡ
˵ɲǡ֮ŮѾˡ
Ǹ˵ο̫֮ĸȻʺ󣬵Լҳһʺ󣬾϶֮ǰҲǹҫ鹵ˡǶδؾأ


ĺŲ裬˵ÿڸˣȻŷ±ӣһ˵Ůȷʺ󰡡
ȻͷҲá


 117 
˲ֱ˵ĸо, Ƭ̲˵̫Ӱɣ

ҡҡͷ̫ӲΪ˷İɣ

, ʲô

˵ȻΪ˷, һյݲպ󻰶ɣ

˲˫۾һ˳ϴˡ

λʵ۵İ룺ɱ֮׷ҲǷ⣬ɱҲǷ⡣ԼֶŮֲֻʵϲ, ھΪʺ֮λҲˡ˿ãպټʺʱ򣬿ΪԼֶŮһ
󹬵Ҳ΢Ȼܳ裬ײ֮˺ڳĻĴҵŮ
Ծؾ;˺λһۡ

ĺεۼ⣬һ۵ɫȻء
Ťͷ˵ֻһѰ졣˵ͷ˵ҪԽȺ

Ͻ, ˺ͻصԼҵĵ֮⣬ɷϵںͻĺˡ

Ҵ˵ʱˣ仰ȻǺҵ˵ġڻʹ̫ͷ, ȾһЩ̫Ҳ, ʵҲ, ̷ȳĺϻǾģĻ, ֱͷϿʺӡ
ܲƲ壺йȲ, Ҳ޲ɡ˵ʽҪġ

Ĳ, ͷ˵˵ʽ̫

ǲ̫ӡ

ɶػʺ˵Ĵ

¶Ҫһ, ˲Ҳ޻أѾ˵һˡ

˸˳ȥ󣬶Ϳʼ˼ˡǰڷŻȥջصϢѾˡĴɱĸӵģ޷ɺϡΪǶŮڹͨ󹬵֤λĳáԽҲһʹô̫ӡ˭ȥһλӱȥĸֵòֵأ
Ǿ壬һʱ²ȥ֡˼һȫ˵ķӦɺӽıԭȽϳ嵭һвԭзǼûŮ빬Ҳνֶ²Բɫϡ

붨ˣĿܰô룡ĵ뿳ȥˡ

ķԸҶɵ̣⼸Ǵѧ½ʷ̨ģʷְ̨Ǿں˸ʵǹʹܷԸ꣬ıĿ˼һǰҪɳǰ˼սһǰǰˣͬƽǹĻͺ̵̷ϸڶһ

Ѿ
̫һôʱԡʡȥһ̫ȽϺʡѾˡˡļƣѾĸǰСҲġսյ˼ҡĸ׻Ҳ御ˡ

ճţߵ󹬵ϣ㿴¶ˮ˼׵˭

ǰʣôң
ȻȻס˫֣ڶķ

˼߻мĻ¹٣ҿ˵м˽ʹ˵

ĵͷ¸ص̫Ǽܱյңѯؿ˵˽

˼Щǣֹ˺üأĵȵóж˿͵Цôˣʲôݣǲ˺ӡ¶ˮҰ죬°˵

˼̾˵Ȳ˵ЩϢȷ𣿡

ţȷˣʣ˳ƳһһԵĸ©

˼ҡҡͷԲ˵ȷСЩ뷨
ʣ󺹸ʱô

˵Ұ˯ǰȥʸ̷ű죬ٱТ˳ġҪ˵õǣ˵ˣ

˼۾Ѿһ£ʱò˵ֻ´󺹻ǻ̫ġŸ

ΪΣ

£ֱ˵ף乭Լ򡱲С
˼˵̫˶øɸɾӸȱģݴȹȫһֱߵ˶ִµģüҵ·Ŀʲô⴫ݴȹļǿ಻Ͻġʵӽ򿪷ŮʼɱһӰ١ɱӺˡ

ɫҲûɶʵģֻЦ֪ôǺǣҲġ

˼̾˵ǣͻȻŽ㶼ŽȥˣΪʲô

ɫЩ˵Ҳ֪ڵȷСϢô
ԿһԼݵͷų˵֪ʲô˵ա

̫ҽԺ̫ҩ˼ҧҧ촽ְסظ˵ҽҽˣһ÷ùĶ̥ӣһḁ̇̄ġ

ظǵ˼ְţҪȥˡ

ģǵƢҲЩ£ˣҲ֪ķգ㲻Ҫż

Ƶģ·ŽĶҲõ㣬˵Ͳֳĳ¡

תҪߣ˼ʣ㻹Ҫȥ̫Ƕ

ĵͷΪӲҾס

ȥ
²ʰɵ¡

ĿҡҡͷԼڷ˼ϣɣ
ǵˡ

ȷʵûһȥݴȹǰѾжױϴĺ޸˳㡣
޼ǻϲģǼɫսսʣ󺹴ȥ

ҧЦѽȥݴȹ޶ʡ

Ҳ˵ĺ̫Ĳ죬ǵյ׵ĸӣ̫ڶӶûУҾҲĸӼ䳣ֲѡ
ȻҲֺ̫󣬶ʱЦõģһͷһ·

ĵĲͷžϸϸ纷ÿӣʱŭױãȥ̫˯Т˳ˣ

ŵһϽذͷ̵ƽյķϧؿһױʮɫȴٵˡֻµʱ򣬻شӰһ֬ɫġ

ݴȹſڣȻǳ˱Ÿ
̫Ļ¹ܹɫεѿϺƵģһشк̫Ӳ˯ˡТ˳⵽˾Уܲʱ̫˯ߡذɣҲЩϢūѴ󺹺ͺǵТת̫ǡ

ԶԶƳֺ¬վԶǽȹߣȻĿһֱڿʱ¶һЦȻҡҡͷ

Ȱĵ󺹣ʹ˵Ҳǣ̫˯ˣٴҲˡ

δ䣬ͻȻһǶ⡣𶯶ĤԱߵ˶Ŵˡ
ȫˣ͵һȦһ߹ŮķҴûǱˤǻһ飬䡰ˡֱ죬һʹȵҺ岻ܿƵθȥθҲ

ź޾ָ¶ϵƤ͵ģձߵˮߵѪ˿ڳ˻̻Ȼġ
Ȼδָź޴̧㣬޿̫˵̫ȴĥĥͷ磡³˰ɣҪ̰ŮɫТĸ׵ô

ǻԩˣ
һ˲Ҳͷڻ𣬿ǿʼλǣ
ᣬŹϢŭҲˡ

ңѾˣƺҪ

Ա˻æȰ⣺󺹣󺹣ϴܵãʵ̫⼸շǷ˯ñȽ磬ǵ¡

ıںǰͷһȺţۼǽȹҲȰ⣬ˢˢסţûиصġ˷޵Ĵһţߵ۵ýһ

̫Ůڴ򿪵ţּ̫ܲ󺹣̫󱻳ˣôˣ

ôװ˯Ҳװסġ

ߺ˵̫ˣȥ


 118 
²ҲˡǹŮֻܽڽȥ
ֵƬ, ͷ̫ӦԼĶӡ

Ļ׶ԻڵĬĬĺ˵ŸʲôĹʧ, Լȥ, Ҫް

ҧ룺ҷʲôʧˣ
һǿǿίίԱ߹ŮķҴվպʹʹġһϧľûСһ, ɼһȳһյظͷߡ

̫ĹŮɫһʹ˶ҽͷȥҿ˵Ȼ֪ƱһϷצĵζֻԼ֪

̫ͷҼϣͷһƤĳůڵģɫȴе, оˣĿⶼŶӺ޽޵ϺȻɫָӡ, ·ҲȳȳġǵѪù

̫, һھӣ, ΣԼϱǲԵģ

ĸո׺Ҳû, תͷ޵, ˵ǲǺ۰

һˣҡҡͷ

̫˵Ǹ

ĸתȥͷתޣԲס

޼⻰, ɷˡﰵԭ㰢Եס㣡΢΢һ˿ɫ

̫ĬĬƳһֱֱۣס˶ӣ, ⼸ӹǲãԸˡ㣬λźҶǲģ밲š

İݣЦһЦⶼûУĿ⿴˿ĸ׸׵˳ƿ˿Ķӡֻ֣Щ΢͹ŮԶǸС

ĿƳĸ۾⣬˽Ȼˡ̫󲻾ЩᣬЩڣٸн˱۾ͻȻŵʲôϲζһ죬һֳŮС

ŮѾϰˣɿһۡ
̫һŻµᶼˣҲԽɷס

ҧˣһ˵ӹǲãûҽư

̫Ȼ򶨵صͷЦôܲҽƣˣŵùҽء

ǰʲôأ

ֱ̫ӣ۾ӫ̵ĹһѾˣȻһЦʣˣ

һ±ӣѬµķҷȻϵ˵ûС

̫һЦҲ˵ʮˣϲڳҡôƵ˷ҩģжеĿˡ
ɳڵЦţҲ֪סġΪ˿ʼ÷˾ˡҽһپң·һҩķվʹˡأ׹ӣѵҪһҩϣܹ

ûرı飬ȻȭͷģڱţΨֱ˷Ҳǻ鼱ʱġ

޿ʼһ¡ǸӣȻŮ˻еŵֻǱϾҲ˵Ҳһˡﰵã̫ˣ˳ԼֲøոͷǸı顣

̫˿޾ģȻЦƵ᣺أú󹬶Ůõģֻһеģÿ졣

ʵĴǣ

̫˵ҽ˵˶̥ΣգȻֻ

֮أ

̫󡰿Цͷ⡮һĳƺţ

ӵɫһӱúڳڳġ
̫Цݣйһ˿пЦǣǳȥ

㶵ǶŵĺŷӦæʹȳȥˡ

̫жȻ䣬ӿͷǨһ£һȦǲ鲻Ըسš
˵Ѭľ㣬ǶûáҪ㰢һҳԶ̥ҩҲǲԡ

ĸ׵ԼĶӣбȻȻһ˿̬Ƿ˵Ļ̶޴ӷ
ôҲ˵Ҫĸ̥˺üΣ˵ʼٸߣҲ

̫ЦЦ˵СôҲںùҲ㲻ͲɡϷ̹Ҳں

ļĸûԺһ㣬˵Ȼʱˣռ̻ȵȶܻ䣬ǰΪ̫»Ǳ˶ĿĺáȻƲʣµ߰˸£ڻݴȹŰɡ

̫һЦҵȻҲ밲Ų񣬲ڲپٶԽԽҵǣ֪񣬻ͷǲǾͽ̿

ﻹҪʲôĲЩ꣬бʣӶﲻТ˳̷ܵ

̫󶨶ؿǺһ˵İҪڳɷ㲻Т˳һҪҵء

ڳɷǲõģʲôĲãЦǹͲҪˡˣȻãҲǶӲ֨ɱ˵ģǰɣ

̫һûȴ˵ǲںǺ˼Ǹ׵ģһʱ嶯ԼݵѰľȥ

ǺûĴ˿̱Ͼŭͷģĸʵóܵÿȫͷȥ˿ҧЦͷġֻĶˣ׼ļҵж´һ㣬ҰүȥôˣҵͻȻܵóˣ

ֱֱ̫ضŶӣ׼˵ʱͻȻʣģ£ǲܺң

ĵͷðҡҡ˵ոʮͷˣƻͣεúܣ̸Ϻޡ

˵ʵɡġ

ļͷǻĽˮ˵һǾáŮɡһաȽϺáү԰Ǻõû˵ѵزס

̫Ŀ⾧ӨɬЦ˰죬˵˶źãҵҪʲôʲôҳϣǻŮƵġ°ɣů֪

̧ۿĸһ¡

̫̾ŲŴ⣺Ҽ޸֮ǰɣϲүµһɣͬ䣬üˡϧԵ͵㣬ֻ²Сһûü˭ᣬͱ׸㰢үӡһҿͲ⡣
ﻹЩŮУ䣬һ㡣

ĴįһЦӻ߳ôҴʮôһҹһ㶼ôһûеѡһһظһӣ 
ͷ̾ڻ䣬˵ʲôЦЦ˶˵谮ңҺãҲ֪ܲ㣬֪ܲοɺ̼ôһӣʵһɣôһϾͺùöࡪ˶˵лңԼഺӣԼĸ飬ôĺôǺǡ

ǣվǲ⣬ĸվǶĸ顣
ΪʲôҪΪһԼϲꣿ

̫ԼһЦȻЦúɸո̸ʱŮûˣʣµʵĥ³Ĵֲ񣺡ʵЩСҲϲĲһв֪ģֻᣬ𣬶Ūúܣֱ㰢үʱҪҡҿôˣҵӡǳԵõġõӣҲŲϡ

ԼСˣĸоѾʮûˡ
˿ӣڰģûвԼӵġǰǣڶԡҲǡģһ·ɣʲôΪ

ȻһӺԸĶģԥ˺þ֮˵һĵĻҺú㵱ȻΪиһҵĺӸ˶ƤģžҪƫ˰ɣ


 119 
̫Ȼɫ, ε, Ϊںնһ, վͻضң

ҵ, һУԴΪأԳԶΪءȻʱԴΪػȥΪȻôԳԶΪأܸԼҵѪͳ»ﲻԣ

̫ǿ, ԴΪأԶΪأӦ֪ɺľ˼, 档Ҫ͸ĺ, һ, Żǵǵ񣬻ȻԿˣԴΪ, ̫֮, ̫֮ĸûӺѪĺĸ׵ĽͿ», ˻ռǵأǵ˼, ӮˣȴӮˣ

ĺ˵ҲҵĺӣҲҵ£ƬصľҴЩ̣Щ顭˵üԼظغҶ㲻Ҫٰҵӣ

̫ĿŶӣ˵ģǲǺԹңԹұ㰢үԹʱ뿪

ҡҡͷеǶԵġǰеòò޹غТ˳Т˳һƬ߳ϵĽɽҪԶشȥֻںһ·ߡ

ײ̫̿ҧءģǰ˱ĸףͻȻоǰôһŮˣ˿ҲֻССһţӲĹͷļ⣬ţţǿԶ

ģĸֹͣ˲͵شػﴫ㻹ǲңʲô

Ĺ˵ͷ֪ʲôó統үǰѾĹߵλƣֻǺֻûʹͱںռȻ
ЦЦﻹвôѾǳ˵˦żëˡ

ǰ˵Ϊġ

Цסˣ֪˿ΪʲôҪ˵

ĳŵʱ򣬿ޱԶԶǽߵĳ˱ߣҹɫϵĵƹȻƽдһغӣ˴Ǹġû˰Ĺʵʵڹţȴòʵ۵

߹ȥ޾һվ˫ֽСǰ˵ĿİͰ͵ģ󺹡̫˯ˣ

šĵͷյ£ͷȥһ֣֪ˡ

޲֪Ϊô飬ű˵ǡҲ˵ġͷдţҲҪ졪ƾʲôһ˵ģ

Ŀһ䵽ϣʹɪһ£̧ŮС¹۾һ¡

ͬʱģòϡ´üĿԵƴȺͣ˵ҲԶϸ·һӾһغˡ
̼ǵڲһĻŨױĨ֣ǴҲΪҪڲˣ˺ȥƵòĿ⾹ȻҲΪĹ⣬Цģ

޷μǰֻǵμһĻĻ棬ʱҲˣֶ񶾵ɫǷ

Ȼһ
ҲΪԤװξϧûˡ

˵ܲ

ǲǡԥһŶĲͷĲһֹ

üл˵ѽ

˵ǲرң

ûСر𡯡

ʣԽҪһĻΪ

ؿ֪ʱʱеССһ󣬴˵ԭôҵѽ

תһЦô󺹲ҪǴպӣܲܲ

ƤͦģԼɫָӡͻأúܡɿ򢣬˵ôӣֳ¶ģպģ˵ģ㣿

ȷʵô򡣡һץס֣۹һָ

İһ飬˵˭ߣԼǰͷ

ް࣬ѾϰˣֻȹӸųȥȻۣҲ߲죬ǰѹûе˼ΧĻ¹ٶ硣
ܵҲûܸĲֻһͣƣ·שʯһ˪ƹճĶơӰԶڶ񱻷һ˶ӥſ˳

һͷһͷ޷Ƶذ
ÿһӰӣߴΰ棬Ǳ˫䣬ʲôζ

ǰȥķתһתһ
ȻԽԽԶˡ

޵ˮҹķһӡ

׷ѰģҲҹһů

̫ؽĹұţֻҪһþʹˡ
Ĺ·ع밲ѵصΪӣ¶£Ȳ¯
ңһůůЦţżͷ÷ͺʵĳСŮŵһ˼ûˣ˼ŮʫҲȻֹȻҼ߳ЦţǣСѾͷ־ˡ

Ӣĺ񶼱ĥˡ

ŮС²ˣ˸Ƿ۾аеģԝŮĸȥʱů̾һڵ˼ߡ

ͷǿڲǰȴͶܵĹһüۣһɥ

˼֪ǰҲֻȰı䲻˵£Ҳá̫ൣЩɡ

ôãȴ̾ҡҡͷ

˼Ĭһ˵֪ҴãöԸҵʱ಻㰢ҪȻİҾͲԸΪˡΪѵʱҪһ·ҳҸôСʱһӲҾˡ

оĵץס֡
ոǵӻĺûˣ̾Ϣأûߵ̫ܾˣʵһƽˡ

ģһֿؿ˵ʵ½ѹȴǻ¡㵣̫ĺӣʵĵĲǺӣ̫˼᲻ŤתЩ˺᲻ᱳ㡣ǣ⸣һҪҲһѽ

֪ĵͷһֻվҲѲ˰ˡ

ԽںԽѲˡָظա

ѹʱҲзй֮󣬵˼쵽Щ³ʱҪһһ׼ˣǿ籩һ
˼£֪˶ã۵ԝǵԽʱȴȫϣҽƵٹ

ɻͷȥǲӴâëȵģȴʲôûʡ

˵㲻飬һʱҪڶ
ȡֽøɾˣ˵ۻ˰ɣ˯ɡ

ڻָط﷢̾ȷʵ˵ģԽںԽѲˡҲóˣе£ĹǵԽȥ


 120 
ڶ³, ŷͷֿʼƮѩ, ̫Ų÷, ˿̿ãɫĻűѩ, ζԽԶ
˼ŮڿѩСѾͷƯĴԲ۾ѽѽģ˵ˡ

ĽţŽ͵ͦģӦò

ЦͲý£ү

ѽѽСתֵ˸, ſСָɫ޵÷˵øˡ

˼Ļ¹ٻһѶɺʵʲôѽ

Żͷ˿, ЦҪѧһˡ



ŬָָǶѶģͲ塢С¯лͭ˹, ˡ

˼, е㲻˼顣
ʱ벷ʵֶΣʺʮ֮.ŶҪȹˡؿ, ʱʵòþ, ҲжˣԲ˭顣

˼֪, ͻȻǰˣȻҲЩ˼顣

ļŮֿʼǷ, Ц˵С˯˯˳ԣɸ椣ĸСˣָָҲ㣬ض㲻ġʵҲѣƽǹʱҲٲԼʲ׵سˣǴϸһ϶ѡ

ʲԼФɹҹΪѡ
ȵȻģͲ״óཽ̺󣬳ȥͲ壬ӷκֽϸͱ࣬ͣȻʪɳٰܽȥνٰڻ֭ͭϵ׵ȥעٹȴ֮õģ˾ͳˡ

˵ѣҲôסĽһɣŲѡ

˼ǵһ£һʼôáסֺһ
˫ֶһ˫޳սһ˫ϸ˫šţ˫ȴʱʱҪĦ˸˼Ĳģͷϸ㡣

˼ָָЦˡ

ġ͡һЦһ£Ȼ뿪һ㲻ٴˡ

ֻһָŵ˼Ʒ۾һ㣬ͦһ㣬ͷһ㡭ԣϸһ㡭
һС˳ڵ˼У߲ӯߣŻͦȤģ˶Ц

ĽʵһҲʲйɡ
˵Цһʱĵ;ˡ

ѾС¯ûͨ࣬ڵĻֽ֭ͭɫһǽĽ¶ȻҲǾ˵ġ

ĵһˣұǰɣ㲻̣֭ͭһƬϿ϶ضˡȣ£֭ͭģССĶǶȫͷʧܶˣǽò㣬Ҳɹ˵˵û㹻͵̵£Ҳʧܡ

ۻ֭ͭʢгһһʪţﻹе֡µ˼ңһ֭ͭȻ˵֣

˼еˣҲȵסƽٵģϷ
΢΢һ࣬ͷͭˮƵķɿʱһƬ⣬ںҹҫۡ

סĺ

˼һסתס
Ⱥɫ֭ͭһϸϸˮģͷĿ׶Ⱥͻһֱڴֹ

üˣ޵ȵúܣǸɵŮɡ

һؽˡ˼ЦŷףǶˡؿģȻõȵڶܿɹ

ڶ՝ˣûһߣյģ£ӴͿͷСѩ˵ĵطʲô

˼ҲɡȥһŤͷ¶Цúüˣ

һöһ߸ߵĻͭС˶Ÿ٣޳˫ֺʮü۲Ǻóôһ㡰ơ˼ЦȤȤ

ıŽˣһֹֻιıӣ¡ȤˣʱĿ֮£ֵʱֱ𶶣űɸ

˼ЦƽĿͲšˣʺµĸףһӾ͹ˡ

أָָԼıӡ

˼ѽƣ⡣ŤЦ˵һأȥˡ

׷ֹȥˣȥ˵ΪʲôһҪϳҲ걻ѣ

Ų糯أ˼ȥɣ

ס

˼Цû俪һ㣬ְͷϻһˮ鵧Ȼ۾
չе촽ȵģһůˡǵò࣬Ըͣ£ͣ

Ц˵ܵ˵öԡҪһһΪ

ڳһ£ż˵Ȼ˲˶ҪʺѰ˼һֱҲǸ¶Ȼˣǰʱ޴ԡˡĲ֮ƣϲǷϽǵϡɣڽΪʺ󡣡

ϲ⣬ǻʵۺͰ˲õģ˵͵ȵһЩʱԱЩ˽֮⣬˶ûзԡȻ֮󣬼ʵ̫ӵҲ׼ˣʱ̫лʵֻл̫ӵĸһ·

ϣŽϿŵ˼ЦʵҪˣ²£

¡˼ǳȣ㡣

ҾͶˡЦˣץѾõĽˣкһҡһҡĿ֮µ£ģȴǸһˡֻҪģˣòɣҺ滹͵컻ա

ƭӡ˼Ц˶ƭš

ЦƭԿɣƭôһϱĹҵŽˣҲŻˣ֡

죬СѩĿŵ˼ЦĿģŰɣ
ŮӣŲŲֹʱôԸôȫڿഫȴҪʱķƤӵ£˵Ľˡ˼ЦЦ˵£֪ƭ˵ĺ׼ء

ЦžͽС֡ˡ˵طַŵ˼

һθ̨мǵĲѣͿɫɫɫɫŮ״ɫ£ߣõϸܵ򲻾ڶյ˼֣бƳһۣŨɫļܵĽɫۻңΪ¶Ľ׵Ľ죬ʩ֬۵գķԵü

ʦɱõİ׶ƾԺͰʺѪҺƱԵ̾ƣ͵̨֮ϡ
ʵ׼ʺִƱѪƼ죬ְѪڲϣͬһʣѪơȻȼѡ

޴ĲȼĻѣѩúԶͱ¶ڻˣһſˮϸϸܵڵ˼ĸϣһգװһ㡣˹һĺŮŽ˾޵ĶׯĳϺηӣһ˫׵裬һſ䣬һִף΢΢ͷעȺɫ̵֭ͭ

֭ͭһɰģĿڣұţȻɢ
ʦĸȻ߿ƣʼ̩ɽûбҶҲûбұŵĻŵ֭ͭɫൽģĿڴһգƯչˡ

ͷſɶػʺĺѡˣʼЩмּˡ

˼˵ף̨»ˡȻ󱻶ס֡
̨һƬСǷɹҪȺһϡ

˾סڽ֮޹ѩͷţ޺ůůŻ𣬵˺˯⡣
ֻͷи¹ܹôһµʣô

˼Ҳס˵ûɡ



¹ܹ˵˽ˣ˵͵͵֭ͭ˹ۣ̿Խִۣͷ鶼Ƿ۶

ĵƶֻŶһȻۻͷŵ˼Ⱥȵ۽ޣЦ˵û£к֡
ӴͷѾõĽˣڽ˵Ķͷһ£ڵ˼ͷһ£õͷ

ֻˣŵ˼Ⱥȵ۽ޣ͡һЦףǾͲô
˵µĹΧ̴ӣ²ˣҲŪѪƯƵġҲ̫ˣҪҲˣ᲻ø


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ĵڶվѸ, ¤, ˳ɹ, 飬ǶΪɶػʺ, ͬ졣ּͻʺĸңʱʹõԼҴûû֡ȻŵĴ壬һԾڱйҾλʳصĹ
λˣϼǰڵ͵͵õĲʱҲ˳ˡ

ô̫ӵ£
ϣ˰Ĵʵ

Цɶк֮Ȼ̫ѽ

һ仰ȥʼľ, ̶ﲻ֪ʵʲô˼ٽžһһ˽ˡ

˵˻ˣ

˵޵ĿɶΪһС, ʲôʱ˵˸ӣ

Ŀ, Ȼϸϸ, ʵڳϢǽʹͽʲô, ֻ˵, û˵Ǹӡ

״˿̣ķʧ֡ͱ˭ȴҥ˵Ƕӣֵ֮ǰ˲һֱںʲôҪӡӱҪɱĸ, Ҳ˹ˣŮ, йΪʺҲͰˣҪֻҪ߱ӡ޶ظ˶ٴΣ¡λͷԭҥ

ͻȻһӷ֣ƣƣ˭ҥǰ޹ںӶ̫ӣҪ޵ķô

Ҳֻиɵۡ

³֮󣬵д󳼾ۼ˽լȾԣٲж¡໰۴󺰣أɴ̫ӵ£⡮ӿ˵ʲô¡֪˵̫ӡȴҲɣ˵ʵ顣ⲻˣŪô

˾ƺسңͻȻ־ͱ˴סˡ
ô£ɺʵ

ֵ˽ӼףЦʣݹգ

ôˣ

ôЦһ𡣡

ǣ

۾ЦǴ󺹵͢ξ*ʻ
κƣ͢ξ为ںĴ䡣

Ѿƶ亹ʪĿİͰ˵ҡûʲôѽ

Цʲôʻأȥɣ˵Ҳˣ󺹳鴫ҥˣݴҥȻݵ¡ĵγһ룬¶}}ıС

òսսߡ
Ȼһȥûлؼҡ

̬֮һʱΣһֱĿܵͥĻݴȹҲʼڹǰ̫ʰ͹Ʒţﲻ̫ܡ
ϡЩڻݴȹźĺ¬ȻƽȥʵҪ̫ͨͨڰɡ

̫ոһһӼҪ׽ҪʱʱԼŻҽڣһһʹˣһҲֵòͷոһ˿ڣˮգ˵ǷˣҪ£ʲô취˶ӵ
ͣͣ˵Ƚɡ

¬ţǡ̫ḧ΢͹С
˰ſεתת̫˼һɫʹȥ˾ȫˡ

¬̫ǰСĵΪȣ̧ͷһ۵˵̫ˡ

µ跹˼ġ̫˵ȵ껳ʱˣ

̫ˣ̫̽̽ȹϸ˸Цӵأ

ߣ̫һְۣˡ

ҵģ¬ҵӺһ˵Ҳɹбǩߣ̫Ķ˵ô֣аүأ

ѽ̫ȻһŮһָͷȥƸɵİ梡
¬һӵļͿ˹ȥ˵ظ̾һ˼׵ġǴ󺹶ҹ񷴹ĶһҲֻҰֵַģĸٴùͷ

¬ҲԼҲǳǻŮ˵ķһü⻰Լ磡Ͳ̸Т̫󱳺ټɺϲ壬ѵҲܹһֵܺ

̫۾һ˵ͻȻ﷭ɽ˵ۣһŻ

ͷû̵ˣȥ۴ҲˣټϺ¬ҪֺãſԼ½󶵳״ˣ̫ɡ

̫ԸⲻԸⶼƲסˣۡһ˲ˮ͵֭·ϡ

¬ޱؿ˿Ż̫ü˵ߣζ̫ˣ
ϽһţͷȻַ֣̫ϴһͨůůæߡ

̫յ÷ʳѹζֹŵŴϵë̺ӹϣůĵ˵ˣô٣
ͣһ̾˵˵ĲûеǸʲôΣֵʲô̶ȣ˵

¬̫Ϣϥ˵̫ˣ˵û̫ӣ˸Լﲻ˵ִַһ⼸͢ξץˣ˵ʲô̵Ļ׽߻ز˵Ѿ˺üʬϻؼֻ˵ǡġŪΣ

̫ĬȻţȻʣѾ׽Щˣơ

ǣ¬ͷ˵гѣҲǳйԱƹܺ͵ģﶼˣֻܻŻ̫лԼ䣬ذﳼСæ

̫ҡҡͷ˵Ҵ˶ӣʡ趨ֻ߸ʽ˵䡪˵Ҳֻ˵ϢһζûСü̾ϢģΪ˴뱲ӣת˵ͷˣҲֻû£û̺á

Ժô׸ıһˣ¬˵Ʃ红СʱҪ򣬳ô

̫һۣǴ򲻵ˣǿԺúõظһѵ֪ΪҪ۵ģҲǺõġ

¬˵̫Ӣ

̫΢΢۾ܶ˲࣬Ȩ䲻ܷŸ߳޵ĻҡܹһĵģҲϺͺϣƵѣɷȨҪ˾ةְֱܹ֮ɣܹزͳ飬Ͳôˡ
ֻǡˣҵĶӡ

¬æ˵̫ľǡ˲˹ͬЭԭҲΪ.ȨֻǿŴ󺹵Ĵ

̫ͷԼĶӣȰҿץЩˡﳯ£һһ㣬ͷǣһȫģûѰ

¬ϲ˵˺ü̫ʥͶұֵ̫ס·С˰ɡ
ʣӼӣŴ󺹵̨ؾû

ź̫ôܴ檣¬һȫ̫ѽ

Сģ̫ЦšһСӸеԵգ˿ŬŬ죬ҵϴˮȥ˳ٸġ

ȣ¬ḷ̌Թ̫Ľɡ

¬ɫû̫أ
Ӵˣһɫ˳ȥ

̫³˳ӣϰߵĽǶȡȻ󿪿ڻԼĹŮ̲

ŮСĹƳƳɫֹȻƳƳ

̫С̲裬Թ˵ֺ̫õĺۼ̫أ˼̫Ȳҵǵĵǹʹ
һɵЦţȻһ̲裬̲ģԵĺ⡣


 122 
̫ڶź¬, ĬĬؿ˰졣¬ļ, ʵʲô̸ڵĹϵ, õģ

̫һۣȿȡô

¬ԱȻ֪λ̫ƢʱҲײϵ, Ҷ໰ֻ˳ȥֵƣ̫ȴ˵µӲϼˡ

¬תת׿̫ߵŮæȥ׽梣̫ﵱֵ

Ů˸Ƿ۾, ЦūˣֵϢˡݴȹͷȹﰲȻͷ, ˵Ϣ, », û徻Զ㿪ҷһలء

ɲأˣ¬ಽ, , Ҳ̫ذ梣Ҳ֪ǸĹأ

ִ˸Ƿ, Įصͷ˺һ·, ۼҪͷƬȹˣֻͷԾؿź¬һ·ʲôѽ

¬Цôѽ˲ˡ̨˵λûԶأ

Цǰ;δԶء

¬Цţ梸˵ЦƳƳˣͻȻǰӡ



¬˵꣡梱ʲô

оģϽ͡¬ס֣梣ó˱˵ۣǽӡвͷĵطýҲðеķ㣬Ŷ౨һЩӡ٣㲻գ

ֲôöֻѹţǺң̫֪ˣǰʮȥ԰ϴѡ󣬻Һ뱲Ӿͷˡ

ġ¬˵֪֪֪֪ѡ

˵Ҳûطذѽͣ㲻ҡ۳˶ˣС͸̫ˣⱲҲ˹ڹʳͷҲûǣҵˣ˵Ҫѹô
ˡһ£ѽ˺¬

һΣ汻ˣֻܼҴҰѽջ
ԭΪûϷպý̧һƳʮ곤ŮֱݵضԼ

¬һʣ梣Ͳͨͨڣ

˵Ӱ
¬ҲӰ

ӰֻܰһǹŮ˵һһģ顣
˵㳤Ӣء

¬ЦҲѽ

Цһ£ҲǴᡣһӾǸ֮Ҫ˵Ҳܹ֪ôȻʿˮ۾ǹҫ

ԭǸʮ껹ûгζϹŮˡŮʮʮ绢ԽǵͣòľƵģȴԽľڵģӢСӣžͶˡ
¬ģͻȻǰסϹ£Ͳˣ˵Ĳӣʺ﷢

һٳǽϹ⣬ֺȡ¬ͷĥ梣

ɬظģ

ģƳƳһƬɽɽͷ޵ͷޡ
¬ѶժһƽʯͷϣֵȹѺȫˣֻһ£͹ԹԲˡź̫еǾ飬Ū촽Ķߺ˱ܿ͸оʪġ
ǽ⿪ԼĿӣ̧ѹëʯͷϡ

еʹ²£

ѾһУֻ˾죬һΣն촽ҡҡͷ
ʹһ£ͷ׵֮С
ЩˣϽ죬ţ㣬㣬һ̡͵ȴǡôһ֮ĺ󱳣ܰҶҪŪˡ

¬Цգ˵Ŀӱ˵ںͷءֻûˡ

ŮҲѹʱ򷴶Цʲôû

¬˵翴Ҳ˳ˣҵĲŪҡҲ̫ϢԱˡֻ̫Ͼ̫ʱҰģһҾͱ׽˴ɱˡ

Цԭ⡣̫л϶˵ģ֪ʲôҸǡĴ𿴿

¬ȻҪ袣ҵһ˵ҵĸˣ
ʣ̫͵û˵ʲô

˵Ȼ̾˵ȻϺͺϵ˱ץࡣ˵ôˣãҪԼǿӲ֪ģͷڹҪռֳɱˣͷ˭Ҳɲ¶

¬ţνԼǿġɱƹǲ˼𣿴̫ˣǱϾԼӣԥġֻһѻһգҲֻһˡ

գֿ̫ϼ¬ˡ̴ӣ米󣬴Ϣ̫㵹ǲһ֡ĺӻô

ġ¬Ц̫ӹǻǺʮŮƵģҲĸ˰ɣɶҲ޷ˡҲǳ׺أȻҲء
ȻЦʣ֪ǸкǸŮ

̫˵ǺȵģҵȻϣǸŮûŮ˵ҪˡǸСӣֱնҪң

ɲ¬˵˵šТƶȣѡһ˵ѧʱˣ̸ʲôТ͡Ҳٺ»̳δǮһӣG˵ϳҲϣµǻСʵҪȨҳһСۡ⣬԰ײԡֻ˵зԵģжǺˡ

̫Цй԰֮˼ŴǵˣȻԸ⡪㿴ԭϵǣҲǻʳõģסĲǺǣ

¬̾Ϣţֲʱظ̫ĶӣϣǸк
̧ۣ̫ѯĿ⣬ЦϾҲ̫׹أ

л
̫ͷԼͫӡȻ⻰ҲЩĶβ˵ҽ˵Ǹк

¬Ҳ˰ΣȻ̫Ҫ׼󺹡ǲӻŵİɣ

̫ɫǽ͹Ķӣʲôû˵

¬Ϣûϳ˴⡣
ҳȨ׺ìȻɵͣĻСʵһȦףʹ׺µӺݱ߽أʵȴ֮٣͹뱱෢ӺݣŶԸλƿػƺϡԱƬصȨ

ıǸϲҵĻʵۣԭϳط󡢹Ҳ㸻ƣȻһڶõĻУ㲻ϳأҲԽһʣϳʵֶΪ

ԵҲǺˣȻĴЩνϢ𿪱ơƣĦȭƴս֮ݺ׬ʱԣֱһȺ·Ĺ

ıӳͷۣһʱҲϣ顱˳
صɳĥԽĥԽһ̴ô࣬ǵС죬Ӻݸڲ

⴫СŮЦ̲סƳƳǡĸŰ鷿ǰһ÷ϧߴһ֦õĻĸҲժ
Ĳɷɳ̣ͷȥָָ÷ʰ£ϲһ֦ǲǣ

ӵ׻Сգ۾ûĸЦأСϲ÷һժӣһЦ죬漫ˡ

ҲֻŮŲΪ裬Цϲ÷ôӣժ˾͵԰ȥժժˣү͵ƽǸ÷ֵ԰ժ
˵꣬һԾѸߴôһ֦÷֦˳Ҳ˸ӡ

Ųںأѻ֦ݸĸСģС֦Ӵ̵۾

µСȲץȥһߣ÷ӵϣȻءϵЦ

һӵѭˣԹţ˵ȥˣ綼ҲǴ󺹵鷿صأпԽô

Ŀŵ˼ĹĵӣٿͷƼһ÷꣬Ȼɫˡĸ֮ǰЦֲʶ֣µ鷿صôʶֵĿɶأҿͷһӡ
õ˼ע⣬ĸʹ˸ɫϽŻڷߣ÷С뿪ˡ


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, ˼Ϳɳ, ɳΧӺܲŵĸɫС졣
⼸ճеҲԼĪ֪һЩ, ʱɫʣϳŵ£

šҲҪ׿, ʵϳԼôҪҾǰǾһæ˳ԼҲЩջ񡣡

˼ɾҪȰɣеڱģ

üҲϳ滨ȥĳѾ̽ˣϳǸһ͵׺ǰӺˡΧŲĶˣñȫ׺ԼҵĲ͢ͷȥֻѵ

ǣϳд󽫾ġ

ϱӣĺϳ󽫾, Ǻĳػʵģ֣СӺһս, ǰĳĵ˼ҲԼǵ, ʱռ˲ϳı, ǱĴ顪ҲǶⱲеİˡ

ƲƲ죬ɫһСĵġ

㻹

Ц㻹ңĺ, Ȼ, ҲʿǰͷġƽҲǸһŵΪЭ

˼û˵

Ц, ̫ٳʺٳúܣ, ŪɱĸļҷΪŮ˼ǿѷˡ˵ʵҪԸϣԼ浽̫˺ˣҪЭ

ҵǹʹ˼˵㵹ң

Цľˡ˵ˣҴ⣬ǯǵԼڱأŲ㷭졣
ȻͷҾֱֱȥ˵˰֡

ȷʵʵ˼ͷ˵˵ܴúó

ں̨ʱҲƽǣֻʱҪ㷢ʩֻҪúıŶĺӾСһ㡪Ѳ˰ɣֻҪϸ֭ͭʲôϵĽʲôϵƩги˲Զĺô
ϸϸƷζĻҲĵڡ

Ūûкڰ׼ʷֵģֻվ
˼ȻֻѡվԼɾһߡĸѡվںһһ˭֪վվˣǲһѣԶûˣֻԮ˿һ·ԮĴһˣҲһٷġ

˼̾Ϣá

ĸ˵ذһ£Ȼ˵սͬʱȰѺҴõΪ𲻴ֻɽ𻢣ǻе췴Ǹҿʵˡ㲻õģϳսҲźˡ

ͷµڶһ׳ԵڣǰΪϡϳġ

ĵͷ˵ã־Լ⣬Ҳŷɺǵľԣʱһץһ׼

սºͳ£صºֳǵļΣȨֿ˻һӮˣ°ӵǮͷڵɺôڿԷ䣬ʵ۵ĺôˣͷʿѾˡ

ԡҥΪģְģȫպģȻûҪһԴԴһǣҪλϣպľϡȱˣ˵عšŻ·ЩְԼݳǸַذѡƲ⡣

вģȻѻʯֻϢȴŰ̫˺ʱԽӦԱһʤ

սǰһﱸһξ¹ȥˣ̫󸹴󣬻ȫܼ͡ݴȹֻϵ׽Ů죬ǰȥߵʣһŲ
ΨֻʵǰϦһ̫Ͼ׶ӣǽпţ̬㼶Ŀ⾼̤Ķġ

ĵĿҲĸƵģֱһУһӾͶĸ׵ĶϡҲǿҪʵ޷ע⵽ɫһ±ˣԭװЦⶼʱӲˡ

̫Ŷӵɫ֪ĪĸδЩģһ˵˵պҪˣ

šĵͷͰǡڹעӹǣΪӵġ

̫Ц⻰˵ģôô֣

ƲƲ죺û֣ܰ˰ɣ

̫Ц˵ðɡϳǴ֮Ϸĺ˸黫ҪСġδȥ˺öǶºģ

˼ҵҲСĴôҪմҲĵĺֱݿĸһۡ

̫ЦЦȻʣ˭ȥ

ðɡ˵

̫Щ죬Цôˣĺˣ

ķܵЦЦŸǵװүתˣϰŸǣԷЩ

̫ʣôƽǺöλö˺ˣ︺֧ԮģԵΪףȫǺˣ

ΪһֳôӣҪ˼ԵǸһӦ⻰˵ٴһصĹͷҲҪ˼ƽǴЭĻһ
ֻ˵̨ҪҪʱˣƽǾͿ˰ɣҲ£ʱϮûһǶ֡

̫ЦڹҲġ

˲䣬¶һЩͯɫЩЩί촽˼²˵ʱǧȻȰѾô

̫ĲһͣһЪ˵ôֻվ嶥ϣ㰢ȫǼɵˡ
ƲƲĿЩӨӨģֹһ˵֪㵣ʲôе£ĸӻǿͬġЩ£ҲòһζԣҪ볤Զ

Զָ֣ǲԵĻȴĿĸ׵Ķһۡ

ĸ˵Щ˴˶ŵĻ˵Ҳˡ̫ȥɡ

ԥһ˵ʵĵģ˼С˼СЩŮŮ볤ģԸδһЩҲΪ룬̫ˣͻ᲻Ҷչ

̫Цһĸμ⣬ҪչˣҪչ˲ء

Ͼɫ˵Ҳ˵ʵ뱲ӾϲиôҲʬˡ˵ãһҵŮҶ޷ϲˣң᲻ǨŭԼҲá

в޵˵ǣһһƳ̫ϵĿ⡣
̫ʱŭЦ㲻˵ĻϲҲ¡ֻԼ£˱ˣ

ǡвѾλѡʽϵĵͷﵫ۰һ㣬ӾǸмġ

ԼĺöӣĻͺݾԼֺ̫֪ϲǣò˵
ĬĬһ˵ҲӹǣӴϳЩҪĶ

̫ЦЦ˵˵ϳЩӤϷ߾ɵúܡĹ򣬲˫ݡ˵꣬˿ӡ

ĵȻ˼ҲͳŵˣֻҪĺӲ¾ҲʹӦŵ˼

ĵͷǣһˣӦ˴˰ġ

γŨŨĲᣬԭԵءɱֿʣ޼Щ˳ӵ飬һѾˣαؽ˼ҵĻˮ
ȫǼϣòѡ

̫˼ҡ˯˵СѾͷѾͷСﻹ߬ż˵÷Լȴڿ顣

ЦôʱŰֻСƽǣû̡˲ϢΣ̸ֽܹõģ

˼飬üһɫģǵ㣡׺ϳһֻϺ꣬ǵսģ㻹ûսɣ
ϱӣĲֹһεɧϳ߾ΪԼþʵȻҲĴ˲սⱲӵһֻ˵ս֮ȴֱЩˡ

üЦҶҪԴˣϳսǰҲСĴָȻһ¡ȻƵһӰ˵ϣ˵УĳԴˣ˵֣Ҫ㣡


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˼һΪ, 䲻˵ڴ, Ƭ̲ȥ˼˵ģ

Ҳѽֻ, رϲεãֻܹԹԽ׵, Ц˵Ҷˣ㻹ߴߴЩûõģҸ㣬ʲôĶ룬Ҫúһʱ⡪Ͼ̴˭֪£һ, أ

Ĺµ˫еĵǣ˼Ҳˣֻ˵Ҳ޶˵ġ

ˡһõñ, ҲЦ, ˵޵, ǷҵģծøԾЩ

һ˵ȵȡȥһԵС鶷ȡ˸ɰ, Сĵطڵ˼ϣͷ, Ȼãϰɡβ, һ˶ӣǲµġ, ̶û֪ҪҲڣ˸ӣһˣһؾȲҲǿ¡

Ƶ˼źЩȱȱӣֻ˵Ƥģҧһڲ˵ˣ

֪Ǽ˼һŤӵ˭£

ЦҪСģ¡ЩŮˣҲʵȨǣʵһֽƵģĶءҰǸˣҲѣҺкˣûȥìܣһʱᶯ㡣

˳Ĳ⣬鲻Խӵʱָһ´ħƵĿˣ¶ͷƵǳɫ˳űϴľţ̾ʺϴϲܰ졣
ļϺ˱һ亣Ļ΢΢Ĵʹʹµ˶ֱ̣ĲӣʹȺԿøֱһ

·ҪֲĿգһգֻҪ³̫Ų

ͷֵһԵ÷˵˵ĵô

÷ҡҡͷҿûС

һŬ죺ͷλ

÷ƲƲ죺£ʾҪáͷϡһӵģҲûУϡȱҸϡȱⱲǿ͸ˣٲˣͦãһңڣʹˣͶռŮͽңжŮźһ

üЦҲŲ㣬ҽҪӶ䣬ҳȥ˵ġƽͷأСȿͷҲи

棬㻹Ůأÿվ߲㣡

ߡһɶѽ˵ʮʮĹŮ˻¹ٵʳǸٷޡ
ͻȻˣ˵йġ

˭ǹ

˵ʲôȻͷҪˮæӦˣѹ˵˵ˣٲˣ
Ҵҵˮȥˡ

ʵ۵޹һƬů㣬ϢζջϵĴӣɵ캵СࡰҡҷĴʵ͵˵󺹣ɶأˮˡ͸ϽҲƵ˳ȥ

֮УźŮˡ
˵𶯣Сһ˷硣ҵˮϴ
߲ϴ߻ԶЦЩˡͶţˮˮ۵ģҾ͸ûˡ

˼һš
ۼֿץĽţӽЦϻҵèˡ

ñߡЦ߸ġ
ĶÿӶϲɵǰ˵ֵ˵ĥӢ־ÿÿ㣬Ҿ̶ˣǾƬذɣĹӣÿɺÿɶأһѺӣϰҲǰҵģأӦҲͶԵˡ

˼Ц˵ⲻͦСϰ˵޷ѡģֻ沨һа

ҡҡͷ˵Ҳܰ겻̣͸òұԹǹˡټ겻ǰӼһһһǾ͸øڧˡϾ̣ţô࣬Ӳģ˻ģӶüء

˼ͻ˵ѧϳٺ»Ǯ˭ҪҪȥӣ

룬ȴְѵ˼ࣺٺ»ˬΰӺݴҪɶҶŪ

Ⲫ԰˻ʵҲġ
˼Ҫ˵ʲôȴһҲˣŵȰЩԶĻҲˡȹǰҪŪ£շɡ

ǰ˶ģǶ۵ġֻЦһ󣬶󱧻˵˯ɡ

˼ָؿڣ˵ģȥҪðҡû㡣

ţĳӦ

ڶǻʵ۳ϳӣٹֻͣң
ϸ߳ţŴ͵ƽǹԼǽ½¶ɫһû뿪ѾʼŹʱˡȻĲԣ˿Ҳٸˣָֻ̧ӶؽʾȫΡ

϶ʱźѹѹĶ飬ĦȭƣűʤġúԶԶ

˼ȻҲںеһ֮ǰΪɶأֽ𰬹ŸǣСʮԲ׻ǰǵĵطԹ˵һ䣺ŶҲ֪ɶرû¶ˡ

˼һСðŮӣҲֻ̾˵һ·̴󺹣¶ྭİɡ

ŸЦұôҵȻҪźġɶطľǡ
֮ɫԱ

ۿŶĵĶʧɶӱҲߣһԭϽС
˼˽¥ȴһ¹ٴҴ˹ɶأ̫˵뿴СŮпɶشȥݴȹ

˼üһ̫е֪ģƽﵱȻҲҪͷʡ̬̫ȻҲѡ񲻼ģҶѾϰΪలˡնǰŸߣžԼ˵λ̫Ǳĵ˳硱˼ţ

Ǿֲã˼º΢Ц֪ˣʹȥһȥǹͨ˯ӲֲֹӰ̫顣رһӾͺˡ

ǻ¹ҲܽͷЦ˵أأ̫СһʲôƵģɱӰС˯ūȥһ¾ͺã̫Ҳһ

˼ͷ̫ȥһ·һ·ͽŵ˼š
Ȼֽ̫˼ĸ뿴һŮ˭ָ˼ǹĸףҲòӦ

̫¹Ȼ˯СָԲཱུģ³ĳëбս΢΢һĶˡ
˼ŮߣȴͣڵطԸţϽȥ̫ҽԺҩȡӻݴȹҩʡ⼸ջݴȹĻأʡ⼸ջݴȹҪһ

¶˿ҲͶѧģҪȴֲܺɡ
ƽǹŮˣǧƱҪúǡ

һĴϢر

̫ҽԺȻ̲̫֮˰̥ҩҩҩû.˪ɰ֮綾ûУͷ֮СҲûУݴȹǶĵĸֻмҲûеһӦҲɣûʲôرĵط

ǡð۾˹ȻС֣ŵСţĵضŰЦ

˼ЦŪһĸ˵ι̰ɡˣҪȥݼ̫󡣡


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, ȥ̫ȷʵȥƵ, , ˼ӱһӲš
붨ˣ⡰硱ȥ, ̫ٴηҲӦɱ̫޾綾ҪСˣڲס

˼˻ݴȹţѰµݸһߵĸӯӯ°ݣ檵̫밲ʹ, ۽ܿΧִꪵģ̹Ȼš

̫꣬¹پӭ˳, ЦɶعȻˡ

˼Ц̫ͼ, ϱܲ

ǻ¹Ц, ɶ

˼ʮһȹ, , ˳ƽשʯ·˻ݴȹ
ȴεڴ򿪣Ҽ, Ů߶Ǻصĵ, ؼ˲⡣˼һƳһǴ˿·ˣֻܳŰ͸᡺б̫ٴ°ݣ檵ϸ̫밲

̫ЦڵĻ洫ϡҲԿҡӣׯϣĲûӷס
˼ǿɶˣô񣬸һž͹򰡹ġ

񲻿ɷϡ˼Ц˵𱰣Ȼִǡ

׾һȻ˵ɣϻϥǹǡͲ衣

̿ɣ˼һյڵ̲͵ֱߵСϣﻹԥһ¡
Ļͷֱ̫Ҳһ̲裬ڲŹʣףôȣ̲ζƵģ

ֱŰ͸Ļܸо̫ȵͭһĿ⡣

˼ĵ̫˵Цˣ檵̲ǰ·ңڼˡ̫̲ζѧһ㣬պҪȣҲܵƵøζһЩ
¶ģ̲һڡζŨ㴼Ĳԭ̲裬ζ΢שζˬ壬ʮֿɿڡ

̫󶨶ѲȥЦģĲ谲ȫúܡһﵹġ
ĺŮɣеġ̫ĵֵľƥ䡣ΪԼĺӣóȻõ˼ңҲá

̫˵ȥɣɶм˽˵
ߵĹ̾Ȼ

˼⣬ҲǲԼߵĹˣԱСŮ
˴ҪһˣеȳҿֱƵģһСľһ£һ߸ߵĵʲô˶ûС

ǸεĿͶ̫ѿؿЦһ£ӵϣȴڵ˼һƮ˴˼

һƬ徻
̫˵Ůôˣһû˵ұ

˼ǰǰһ¡̫˵ɡ

̫ͦŴţ鰲꣬Ҫ¡
˼룺˼ʱŮӾġ˵̫СģСһϲߡ

̫Ƿſ˫ۡ
̫ȻʮͷȻĸ׻ŤͷؿѺ͸ʵķ٣зϴŵ׺ɫʯĽڣѽѽ˵һСģȥ֪ץһץЩ飬ƯŮ˱һ漴̫ĹӰĹ⣬ʱۡһ˻ĸ׵Ļ

˼̫Σû̫ȴЦ˵ɷȵ۵ĶŮСһЩĿҶ£ЩﱲҲˡ
񻹺ԴΪƵġ
ŮҲûʲôرϲı飬ֻòͦСʱġȻŮӣҲҪϸ̣ܽŪúǳСһӲ

˼üҲײûнӻ

̫Թ˵֪㲻˵ģ⺢ӰɣȷʵԸȥ˵۷׷ףҲûȰȰɣ

˼ȻҪȰɣǧ֮ãĻ£ȴҲҪԼϾȻǴνѵ̫ʹЩ檽ҡҡ

̫Ƭ̵ʧ񣬶ŵ˼ԭΪклʴˣȴǸŮӣˣ˺ôһЦȥϳ̣Ҳա
ĻʺлҲԸ̫Ȼתۣʣ˽˵Ķ뿪ˣû벻ˡǴиôô죿

˼̫ʼսڶϣЩ̽˼ˣǳǳЦ̫ǵǣǲϲҲɻЩȻӣֵܣֶֻҪѪңͲ󣬾ܱƽȥ

̫з۾ָ΢΢ץһЩ塣

˼Ȼ̫˼Ȼһǲ˳ĵġ
ĸֲЦȻҿһеǬҲҪΪġ

̫Ц㵨Ӻô󣡲֪гأǴ

ΪⲻĵĻǸ֪̫ĵߣҲ̫춯˼ǲϧѵġ

˼ٴ̫ǰӣТ֮ףԸ֮檴ֱʣʵĳ⣻·֮ͬģͬģϽ֮ͬԣרɫνĹס̫ϧӣ檵˼

̫ǰĵ˼Ǹ͹Ķӡ
̫󻺻˵»Сĸ׵İ㻹

Ҷ˼ͻȻ棬׵ĶΪ˺ӣΪˣʲôϸϲҪġֻ̫еʱҲ类Ʊۣȷľߡ
ҲĴһϲ·ͷĻᶼûУһߵڡԽȻǶ飬ҲԼִ˻սԷĵߣ϶ԨǶȥա

̫һʱЩˮ

˼˵Ķƽǵʱ̫󱻷ϵں׽ߡɽϷһʱûܾȵ̫̫ԶĺţҪߣңȭȭ֮ģ˭ݣĸðգǧȻ̫󣬱Ĵ֮ģѵ̫Ҳǵã

̫ؿһһȷƵۿҲᷢȣڵ˼ǰȴһᶼûеȶ͵ϢƽˣҲŲҪָ̡ͬΪıǺ֮Ҳô߰ɡ

֮֮ȥǴء
ҴŮɣԹȣ׵ﲻ̫

̫߰ɡ

˼£ˡ

̫˿ŮͻȻ˵һȵȡ
һķ壬ЦŵݹȥСŮɡ

ϲЩӨ޵Ķ񱾾ǳȺɫģ¾Ө̵ָϸ壬ͬͷװεı̺ӺīɫӶǼƯġС֣Ȼĸ׻ﹻӣְһζ˹߬һߡЦһߡػš

̫ЦݱôȺͣ漴ǻ֣ȥɡ

ŵ˼ıӰſתȥֵڿŮᶨشӻݴȹųȥ˵½ڴƮ

ؿţԭһֱ⺺ŮֻǺƤңЩ׶ΪʲôôϲˡͻݡһʣָŮ˳ܸɣһһ⣬Լ¸ңҡ
̫ţ

Ůͽţ̫ߣ̫ʲôԸ

ô˵

ū˵ѾУ⻰Ҳųȥˡҵū

Ȼ󣿡

ģȻһң˵ҪͷҴҩ˵һ㲻۵ġū˵Ҫӣţūûڣֻ˵ūºӣū˶ɡ

̫ЦߣģŹģΪ޷죬Һã

Цɲǡش̫Ϣڿū˵顯ǳˣ

Ҫҵ⿿ƤҺƭɲСָ̫ףеòˣˡ


 126 
̫ϲδ, Ǻúõͷ, ƫҪǴ̳ôһ˵Զ, Ҳδ̫Զˣ

˼ḧ˯СŮ˼̫հͰ͵ذйȥ̸˼Ǿ, ̽˵׼ǲǸ׶̸ĸ׶ԶŮʱ̫ʹʹ˼Ҳز̫Ĺ顪˵ǻ飬̫˶һӣŴȨΪ˶һ̥Ҳδ˰ɣ

֮, ƿΪҪ׽ġ

̾˿ŮСӸǺ, صߡ
ŶĵķԸ, Ҫ, ȫ͵˼ﴦãСӡߡÿϺ˯ŮٰǺ, ҪճﳯĶ, ֵõġ

һµ౨пܵعע
ԭǺһŮū, շת뵽²ȥˣ˵Ůūҽҩ, ЩϵļλʮŮūȥ˵Ҫӳ¡˵ʲôͬ⣬ΪһŮūȻ˱ī˾˵뱸ı꣬ŴҪˡֵʡ¡

ǼСˣ˼ֻǾͷЩ֣һŮūô˵ȷʵЩΪβúˣȻסˣֺαغһֱĶ²ΪС˺
ٿŮū֣ҲһϡѣʵƲ洦

˼룬Ůū;Ƿǡ

ֱæŰǰľ빴ùˡʰˣյֵ÷ˮϴ

÷һֱСõ˼ԼЦôˣһֱңˣ

÷ҡҡͷ˵㣬ū澽ءϺȵһյ̲裬ŮûﲻԾɣ

˼ҡҡͷҩĽû⡣˵̫ɱңʲôôأ

÷ﷴǺɸƵģ̫ϲˣ˭֪ѽҪǴʹˣû˼˰ɣ

ڣôң⵹أ



˼ﵽڴ˵̫һŮˡټƽǹطܣҲ̫ΧΪʲôУҲġ
ȻΪ̫ദ㡣

Ϊʲô̫˺ףŰ⵹÷û

˼֮ͣǰ̫Ϊ֮ʡ̫ôˣ
ȶĻҪɣ˭ŵģͨεĿÿҲˣǺϿô
̫ܽ޹ģҲǺ̫ܰĹŮŪ˶ӣҲһǺ̫󻹲ú¼ɳԵ̫ôȻûҲҪ޶˵

˼ҡҡͷ˵̲ӲͷƤҲҪȣһǴӦھͺңǱԼģڶɵ޷
ô룬ɹ޷ò¼ɵӹҲġ

ŮūϽ⵽ƽǣ͢ξĽַ˼С󺹡롰Σ˼ʼľ
͢ξ䲻Ҫⰸ˼ԸϣҪʻ

ϣںҩƵλϧ飬ȡ衣
ʧ֮󣬺ԹϺ֪ͷһǻʵ۵ģһ˭ҲѣʱŻˡԻʵʩ׹֮ǲҪôвǱӵĵ

һӣ˵ȻԼߣʱڣܵطһ©Ҫһ˵
ȴֲλΪҩţûУҡײƭһѺ֣Ҳ͵ɵְѶϵЩƭòҪҪģʱֳ
һڣһľѣһĪִ¶ִˡ

һ£սľع̫ɶػʺǰž͵ͷ絷⣺ūԩģԩ

˼ʶϣ͢ξҲϸüĵŶˣ˵ԩԩȿ˵˵ʵںʲôΪҪǱӣ˵ʵһܾ㣻ֻľ֮ⲻ̡֮

ŵһ飬ʩ׹֮¶˭Ҳ˵ģ˼ͷһת˵ūҲ֪Լʲô£ֻǺϵĴ˲֪ôǿҲ˳ۣū˵Ҫɱڣһ֮¾ӳˡ

˼Ц㲻˳۾Ҫڡй۴ɱɱɱɱǼūû˺˵ʲôڡ˼ָЩ㵽ʲô½˼ɵ㣿

ҩŰ˵ֻ۾һһ۵λʺ

üۣһᡣ˼ȻȻҸ㲻Ը˵ôͻ͢ξʲô̷ʲô̷ˡ
Ըҩͻ͢ξȥ

ҩŵøεѣ˵ǿɷˣĺ˵

˼ӣʹɫߵ˶뿪
˵ա

ҩŵʵūĴһ찡ҵĴͷҡʩ׹˭̳ӵ¶˵ˡ
ūĲ֪Ƕ˭ķԭΪǺҪСɣ˵ǡͷ˿ţʵڿ˭ġֻ˵ҩ͵ģʱūѽһǡҪ¶ˡūĲ֪

ڿ֪˼һ׹ǸʱǶķ̫󵽺ѲҵʱͬȥǺޣһ𣬺޾º͡޺ıŮӡԶİÿȣʼհãһ㶼֡

˼вŭʵʲô

ҩŲոտº͵λɶػͻȻɫɪһ˵ʵǰͷڻţȻЩ¹Ѫƺͻ޾ƵĻ̾ơôֻҪɶŮ˲ˣ

Դʲô

ûеģûеģҩҡͷƶѰľƣˡôҲѡҺ˿и裬񻹳ˡŽλһҲͰ˰ɡҪ֪Ͼ֣ɲġ

˼ԷȻŶģͺҩţ޺ϡ
ҪúޣȷʵȻǿɶأҲõز洫

˼˰ҩһţݴȹſ

̫һ׹ɫҲѿ˵ܺãܺãմڳһ˶ϡٴ⳯ĺУͲǷ졣
ѺǴ

˼СĵƳƳ̫̫бؿЦ˺ˡͺô

ģ˼ܿ췢ˡȷʵˡֶ̫Σĳ̶ȣԶԶеġ

޵˻ݴȹ̫֮ͲҲҩʣֱűӣʺǣ˵ںµĻ±ٷˣйһӳ٣ǽãܡ

ǳ𴦺󱲵ϱ֮𡪡ҲҪ

˼ܿͷ׵
޴ŴûĿҺģȻѶĹؿڣҲҧסأѪ˵ûСûС

̫غŲ裬ЦšŤͷ˵ҵˣһһ˰ɡ¬ҹǣﲻˡ

˼̫Ĵӣ֪ôôԼ׺ӵ½ҷȥ
ȴȻǣ̫ūôЩ꣬ĸٳ裬ڸūʱˣν⡣
̫ںԸţŶȰ¬ͷҵ

̫Ը꣬Ʒ̲裬ж浾˵ѽ̫ᣬɱȫûдȱģû˭ǲġ
ЦţɣĴžϲ⣬ġңѽҶأ

Ų衪׵ҵĺʹк뻽Ҳ̹ȻȫȻνһ
ЦǸúӡ¬Ķӣõĵ棬ȥŪ⼸Ҫˡ

ҹǣǺ¬.̫йŮǸеĺõ֤Ůָ֤޿ɲ⡣¬Ӣĺжȫǣ˿һŴ򾡣ȫ

ԺҶԣɽ


 127 
¬Ͷ͢ξ, ˵õĵһ̾, ˫ʮָָǾ, Ҳ˵ͷҡͷͶ.̫йŮ, ǡҹǡ͢ξĶǡҲ˵ȶĻͿԴ

мϵһǣǡ֪鲻١ͬġҹǡ̫Ⱦģû˵͢ξҲ˵ľ, ֻҪһ״ɡ

˼ԥһ£ʵһս̫ģ, ԼҲϺˡ, ϶ĵСӡЩ, .ļ.С

žھ, ԭһЩоȨ, ΧסھļҺ֪ôѼΥƵĵǹ, ΥƵᡣ౨ǧ˫۾, ˼֪̫ĺüƣΣһԼĶӺͼ˾Ǳ߶ģڳˣһöСӡֻΣû͢ξ۱ϸ

Ȼֻһδɱ˵ۣݴȹɶعݴȹһ𡱣˼ĵҧһȽһӦȫࡣڽУξоִᡢȫˡ
ְϽܡɢܡɵ˹̫ͻݴȹ⣬ʱ

̵˼÷ľʵŮɣҪô

˼ҡҡͷƣ̫˻ᣬңͬԸϣ鼱ѱ䣬Ҳòͬһ˾֮ˣҲˣܽԵգһ棬Ҳǽ˻²ϣ󺹺ò׽ϵѹزһ죬ǻһζã޿˵һ졣

̾ϢϻȰ÷˵ɱ֣ȻҲټĽɫҪȴ򡢲ΪӪҪʹþ澡ƿض󻼡̫֮Ըһң㱾£ҪҶԸ켺жԼĵزɱҵĵزˡ

÷Ȼôסˣſǻ˵ô죿

˼˵ۺݣұȲ󺹸µ˺ȨһǿһõġţѾˣּϳһϡ

׵ˣ̵ˣݴȹȥȥﻹʣλҲһ˹ȥ

Ȼӵϣ̫͡ˡϵĻ¹ƳƳƳƳǸȻ˵ˡ̫ûλҲʼղƱ

˼֪ʵΪϱȽȥźɡ

ǻ¹ٵǵԵġõģ̫һͲ֡

˼һͷ÷һۡԸõģһͷκζʹλܣͷȫµĿԷĵˣȻһӪȣһ߻Ů˳ȥ
Լ̫

֮ڣȻǲûɭĸо߸ߴĺ¶ѹ֣ͷOO@@ģ֪ǲǲˡ̫ڹͷ̫Լˣ˼Ҫɻ¹ٺ͹ŮҲǲġ

̫Ӷûзţбţһɲһ̲裬״ɵıӣһ˫޳ӳȤһЦݶûУôˣĵػ˽յɶʲô˼ѽ

˼Ȼ°ݣ׵ϱ밲ϲֱֱȥ˵ʣ̫Ҳĵشúھļʮǽкĺ

̫Цһ٣ô飬Ҳ˲˺ϵϳǶضƼˣôӵܱɱô˱رᣬ㵱Ƶģֻšţߣ
һڲ裬յûá죬Լˡ

˼̫úȻŹĹأദãΪס

̫ҡһŵɣ

һҺɡ˼֮ԷǷġ·Ŀδдɡ

̫ŲЦĶ˵ظȻظУô׽ķڷܳ¶ˡС㲻ùܣҪ췴ǳɺ

˼ͻȻЩСѵڶĵһظò
ַıܿ챻Լסˡ˵Ϊ֮ǰһգǴǧءϵΪвģΣ檿ԡֱԹɱظظɡ

̫ͣ˺Ȳ̬űӣĿйƵĹ⣬ֱݵ

ʵǳõ˼ٴζ׵ʱ򣬰ЦЦŵĹŮͻ¹٣Ҳֱһģ϶Ӿǡ͵˼ĳЩطЩ϶һҲϵס
ӣ˷ġԣŮɣǺɵĶӷġ

ңҲöԸѽ
̫ѱ̬е˵УһɣȶĴõϳ˵
ͷĶڼھǷ졣

ǣ㡣̫˵ЩضҪ췴ģЩ׼ʱֲ

л̫ѡ˼Ҳˡֱɡɫ

̫Ц˵ļƳвֻǺ֪᲻һظûӣ

Żء˼˵ֻҪܹжϺȻϵˡ

̫мüԶĵľ˼ңҲϷصġТ˳ңȻ㡣

ǡ˼˵

̫ڿֵˣм£ԼҲͿġ

˼ԭˣһɫ밢ָ̡

̫˵һأߵҪúụ̀ܽĵġġܲסġ̰ƺģҪǡʴȡ֮ģĴá

˼ǡһ죬סͷ˵лѣ֪ˡ

̫˵ڶأҲˣǴǰӡҵԸǡ
ȵ˼ҡͷ˵ͷˡֽ̫˵Ͼأ³ʮû˰ɣԼˣҪٻһСڶɲ̫ˡ

ǻﲻǡǡˣһƵģžҵ
أԼæˣӳ˺Щˣ
ң̫Ĵ־Ȼ˽ܵϸڶ̽ˣ

̫ɵɵ飬Цǰģ۶ӣҲӣͿӵ棬Ҳô㡣ȥɣʡӣպһַǡ

˼ֱľżһˣ˳˵š
ͷĿ£ŴĻݷҷһĿкЩʪʪġ

ͷ÷ǣȫȫβسɿӡ

û˵Ͱ͵ع밲̫Ҳǿɶӣǰġ߰գ

˼Щǡ

Ѿתӣ˿תãŤͷ˵õģʱɶطԸǡȻȶ˵ȥˡ

˼Լ磬Ļ˵صƽһ÷ȥҽ

еܺʶҽܿЦϲɶأϲɶأ飬ǸСɵĿԿɴأ

˼һ˵ҡ㡭

ҽⶫþãûˣûˡɶҪźӲ̥ԺɲĶˡ

˼գ۾ЦϱӶãⱲҲһӣײҩǴδζ֢ڻҪʱ򣬺ӵˡ

һ÷ﺮЦŹϲ

˼˵¶ȱ˵ֿʼšɱĸ
Ҽü䱡Ҳˡ

ҽεġߺ󣬵˼ֳһ£ɨӹŮ˵ǰҹһ¡Ҳڹˡ̫Ѿµе˵ˣ˵ŮĿɿڴ

ҹ˼ӵűӣͻȻôͣҺ֫ٺꡣǰδе˼ģĻҲİ
Ǵ˿̣ٴļѣҲԣ½¾ԨľҲ˼Լߣ


 128 
˼Ŭƽһ, ڶ쿴ڹﵽˣС, ԼĶ, һСǿЩּᶨˡ
㰢һ, 浽۾Ҫ˯ˣŻصʵ۵ңһóֽʼдš

дĵģù䷢Ը˽ܣд岮ģҪ棬Ϸ, ſԱⱻĥĺغ
˶ĵСӡصĿغͷҪƽѵ׼, ĲֱĻᡣ

潿, ǲؼԸ, ˼һ˵ʹӦ, ȻŲɶطԸˡҵĹʹ, ҵļˣҲûͶԿ, ֻҳô, ҲǸ

ǡ

νЦЦȡˣѾνˡģͺǱҾԼͦõġ

ȥˣ

š濴˵̫ҺǶȥˣҪɣǿˣݵòӣǱˣѪ·Ҳû˸ԵĸʳƵġǿɶɣôĥҲ˺ĵġ

˼ĬĬţ뿪ˣ˵˸͵ԵĴģٽҽ˰ɡ

÷˶ûкӡ󣬶˵Ůǹˣαأ

˼˵׹˵ģȻˣҲˣҲϲŰɱ
ŰɱӰ
ʹˣҪôñ޶ˣҪôܸ֪˵Ŀʹȱġϣ˽αΪĺӽԹ

ʣǲ£ûв鵽

鵽ˡ÷˵ΪŮϴµĴʹŮ첻ϣ̫Ǯⲯͽ۾ˡ

˴ʻ

ǣ˵Ӻҽйڻ¹ٶ׼ˣʵʹʣ

˼һۣйܣҲͰˡá

СŮʮģʱ֪⣬Ѿһţ˼Ϳͷ絷⣺ɶأɶأū֪ˣ

˼ޣңǸǮͲǴʲô

ʹСŮ֪Ϣޣ޿˵ū֪ʲôǮūעɶصˬ񣬻˵ﶼӵġ

硱̫ںˡǷޣǷл˭סԸȵۺ󹬵ȵۺ֮ãδͬķӣֻǷҲδ̫ˡ

Ź棬ʮ塢ȥĳʹ˼˵ϣҲ㡣ѴָңҸ۰롣

СŮɫףõģõģҶУ֪ģҶУ
Ϊˣֻ̣۰룬оˡ

һһ˵ˣ˼ʣŵ⸱ӣ»ô

СŮͷ˵ū澶Ƶģֻǰ裬ƾӵԶɱɣ˵ֶô˵ģūҲǺͿġҡ
ҹȨ̫ҪҲҲӦ

˼̾˵ԩֻ࣬»ǴơַԸ̵ı֣ᣬһм붼¡

ͻȻۿһȣû޳

˼ߺ󣬲Żͷ˵Ҳſġȴ󺹻һعɫʵɾ

÷ź˼ϢĲڣ˼һ壬Ҳ¹µ㻽÷һţЩߣ죬о۾ˣϨ˵ƣ˵ӻ

Ůɣٲ˵ġ÷ȱ̬ڹһӡ

Ǹʲôһӣô򵥺˵ôһŮˣһȻǲܻû֪ˣһҲǿɱ˼Ȱ

÷̾˵ѽų˵Ǹͺںƭǿ.һجΣ˶֮ȥӰҲ볢ԣɾǹһӡ

˼ִ÷ļϣоͷһһʵģѹֵ
˽Կ࡭˼̾ϢΨǰ÷һ죬һԺòã

÷ŵͷ˵֪ˡŮɣЩ˯ɡ

˼ڶÿհ۴ֿһٽз࣬һݴȹȥʵƽǵ۶Ǽ࣬ӼĶֱӷǰ߻ʵ۵̨ϱĬƵģЩҪģָֽϻӡȻãС

Ȼڴ¼ԣԡΪڣ̫˵ɱھĺҲõġֻҪκζľٶҾһһͷȥȻ֪뵽ʲôһЦû֦Ҳ

˼Ծ½Ϊ¶С飬幫֮Ǵ֮սųꡣ̫ЦҲЦֻ˵²Ůūϵʱ򣬹ϵֵúܽ檾ãӶ²֣ǱͿýǯ෽ö࣬ѱ֮ɱ

̫ЦСĺӣԭʳʱܻ׺ġǵһζ׷ȴԼûȻܳԵ죬ҲۻˡȺ֣ŭЩĹ磬һǵ֮󣬹ûôտںóԡ
ָףָŶúöǸӣؿϱﲻ˺֡

˼ü룬˵檿󺹴̣лɣҲȴġ

̫˵㲻˵ˡѾҵūѺ¬ͷ­͹ȥһһ˵Цģ͹ȥĲͷһе֮ġ
ҪƵú췴ðһ򾡡

Ȼ̫ıϱսϾ˼ָֻϵ׾ǰݡ
һˮΪʲôΪ˻ûˮôҪƿؾȨһƯʤ̣ԵĴƬֵĲԭɵ̫ģܲΪԼץסһǧѷĻ᣿

˼֪̫ȻδҪͶӷĿȨƵƿֻץȨܸоİһлᶼŹ

ȻɫʹĿäʹ˶ζ˿ˬ̫ؾȡȨƱĿˣѪȲбŷ˳䲻ҳ಻ɱ¾֮

˼ⲻǴ˿ʹȻҲֿȡ
ǲҲ̫󲽲ΪӪѳֳ˼ƿŻʵ۵Сӡܵһ˷ۡ˷鱨ʼڵ˼С̫ѡԭϵͷǣ˼ѧųΪֳֹʸˣһ沫һ涷ǡӥȮͣҪá

ټǺüպˡ
̫ĺŻ󿪣ȴѻʵڹеĸԶԶǲǳȱɣҲ͵

Ѿɱ˵˰ɣ˼̾ǰǡҹǡ̫ŮѪửѺ֮ˣƾվͳ˾Ĳѹӣֻ°¸̵Ĳأ

ͷ˵ȥҲƱرɱһգҲûз֮ˡ췴ҲǾġɶطģƳԼһƬҵԼҵĲŵطȻˮ¼Ȼ򽫾ҲͶ˵Ķ䣬ԸԼҹؽ硣

ˣȻԭ󣬲֮ṹɢƶȼªԣ֮λĲҲϾնɱˣƾҲռԼһƬ

˼ͷ˵ҪȻǳŴ󺹲ڣȻұȻʱ°޶ȵġǵԼҵ϶£ϣܽһζغֱչ

׵ɲǣ

ûϢʡ˼ǵϳ̨ͷϢúܣӷˣҲ֪ôˣ


 129 
˵Ϣе, ˵ӺһƬƽò, ׺±Ƶ߽, Դﻶϲһ·æб, Ͼ˼£ǰߵ౨̫࣬й¶ٺ;Ҳϡˡ

˼еƵίɱ˾ҵʲôҪƵġ

գգ۾֪˵ʲô

˼Ҳ֪Լ˵ʱˣͷһСԼת, жţھĺҲ̫ɱҪסιĵز, ô½ϾµԸ͢ξһ, ûʵ֤, ȼѺšһһͷѪͺȥҿ˶Ҫˡ

ȷ, ĸѹ, ھĹԱм˼̻̣
Ͼվվ, վǶӡվˣһӵͿˣھǶ, Ҳ̸ڵ׹ʾƽǶٹԱʳϵģԣƽǵѪǰĲɢȥˡ

ƽɱ¾м౨ˣȻˣϭдѪһ㣬ҪûϰԼҶɸʵ̫ĳдȥָֻƽǷüŪȨ¼ɺɱ뿴ŴķѶ졣

̫ϭģ֮ԱǣЦд£Ǻ˵زҴҴ֣ԵԼġһһù
бߵĵ˼黻ЦЦģӡĿɶأں췴Ѿʵˣ۵ӡ»᲻øȥô

˼췴ĺô˼һ¹ӣҲηӣҲɫգѾָʾھީСʹݿسǳأƳ룬²Ұ룬ȻˮϷ߽磬úӡս²ã붫ɺӵϲЭ

̫ϵЦԽԽӲüҴǣֹһǳ鴤£˵ԭƻˡϲԺԼҹľ򣬺λԴջһʡȻúܣǺǡ

˼˵²ƾΧûзõֻܰɹأ²һ룬⾩һ룻ϵĲźҵϰߣɱǡǿ.񸾡ơһӦԼԸİɡ

̫ĥ˼Ȼ΢΢ͷǫѷᶨ̫ķ

̫󲢲˵зſ˵Ŀﾡɱð˵õģǿɶأӡ˵㡣
ŤĬȻһ˵ɺӵĶѾٺˣȻں޵εĹͣͽǴɺӵƽǣʱ׼֧Ԯ󺹰ɡ

˼óȻӦ˵ʡ˲ˡֻʣλˣҲЭ

˼ڵ˼˵ʱ̫ĵûн꣬

ǡлָ̡˼һݣ檸ˡ

һ£Ǹ׹ƶĵҩţҡ̫˵Ҳ

˼̫ĺģѾԤҩŵıˣԥһ£һ١ٶطֻ̫Ѿһӻˣٲ׼ڶӶĶϴʲô硣
˼˵ǡѾˣ͢ξġ

̫˵İɣҲŰɱݺݳһٱӣְɣ

˼ֻѱ˳أǣ͢ξ̫󡣡

ҩֻܵһö䣬ƽ̫ϵһӶ͢ξݺһһߣ̫㣬รɡ

ҩŵɸһӡ͢ξֻűӣٰ˻ؼȹӣٴͳ
ҩ֪Ҫ꣬ǱҸ£Ӳק͵˻ݴȹſڡſԺﵱͥŵĸɫСƤޡ塢ȣаƤĵĹֽŵľ͸ͷʱ̱ڵأﰧţūûʩưūҲᰡûк󺹰ūǱǺƭİ̫󡭡찡

ü׳Ļ¹ǰקƨŵأҵţһȹӻң޵һ

ֵòɿ䣬̫ĴŮЩɱӵʣôĶһһһ飿

ҩҡͷ˵

ŮüǱ˵ɾѰˣ̫󡪡̫󰮸ɾˣɿ⸱ùУ

ҩųеıȻզأǲԹɫһѺ֣ʱԼоȣĻңǴŮһأأ̫֪ūԩūҲˡ

ţĻ̫󲻾ü

á

ҩźײڶ̫Ƶʲôѽ

ҩӲԾת֪̫ʲô˼ֱԼһ;֧֧˵ʵɣūʲô͡
˵˰䣬̫صĺ񲻴ˣתۣ˵ֻǻ

Щ

㣬ʲô
˵˰䣬ͷλĺˣתۣʵǲģ볪к󣬶̽΢ǰǰºµĹϡ

̫ͷһ˵㵽Ҫıأ

ҩšشӦһСǰ
Ļ棬һλ޵ĸˣʮ꣬Ҳϣþ¼ˣǸرҩ֣ۣûʡ

̫Լָָ˵㿴ǸкӻǸŮӣ

ҩЦôūҲ̫Ҫǿϸūһͷū볪֮󣬰ɽˮθ̫̫Լܿ

̫üһΣ˭֪׼ǲ׼

ҩЦ׼׼ֻ֤ѽ

̫һ塣

ҩԼԼһ⣺ūų죡

̫ģһۣҲ˵ϵĺɰͷͳһСͷһƣּԼһ縣һģ˵εķͦġͷһμ˾¡
ŵЦЦô֤׼׼ˡ׼׼Ƥɡ

ҩִˣ˰˵ūū

Ů̫еͷڸɾ͵ҩҩſϸģô̥ʡҪ˼ĶڻݴȹĿһз˰ҹģ±Ƥ

ǵڶϣ̫ξҵġ
ĻӤĻͯĻꡭμˣͦ׼ġΨʮС֮ʲôûп·𿴼һģƽǹǴƬƬɫƣܼر紵죬Ĳ˲ȫʧɫˣֻҪһ̧ͷͿһű߶ҵİ籡ĵرŲ˰ʡ

Ϣĸоˣࡰ񡱵ĺţ̫ڴڵغſİĹѼɤȻڶȵٻأ͹ԹԶɡġ

ͻȻ㡣
ŮϹʱ̫˻źţǸӳһٱޣѺ⵽Ҵͥȥ˿ڽˣٴһٱޡˣٴһٱޡ
جΣҪĥҩݣ

糿۵򾪾ĳ鴤ûкת̫Ŀɶص˼÷ǳż
̫ǿ˵м¡

˼һţȿ込䱻ͷɢҭ޺ҩš̵׳¹ʮ˼֮ǰ̫ĻҲ飬ֻͬؿǿ˶һۣЩ˵Ѫ۵ʲô̶ȡ
и£ҲϾ˼ȡӣ˼Ҵҽţҿһ

̫ƽϢǻĲʣɶʲôҪ£

˼ҲǼƽĽź͵ǣ˵Ӻˡ


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̫ɫ, һӴ, ŵ˼ʣˣô

˼ҧҧ촽˵, ûӺݡ
ƽһϸ˵ԭ׺¶󺹷, Ȱ׺ҲӦϳǵ󽫾Ԯ֪ôˣ׺թŴ󺹵鵽Ӻݳǲû뵽ľȻӺݣ׺ˣӺݵʮҲˡ

ɥʧʮʹöսķվʹˡ

Ȼ, ϳս񣬹Ȼ鴫ĲҲСϳһ, ǿ̫, ֻظϡ

̫ɫԥ, ˼ֻȰʤţʵ൱Ҳɳܡ˵, ˺úõػͺ, Լйĵؽ磬ȻҲҷǷֺ, ϳҲûбͷ, ԼӪøհӣ˶ĳǴ಻ǿ

̫ߵҿҲǸСˣϳǰҲԲһȻôžʹùģͻݵģֱң
ЦųֵϾҲˣȻɾأ˵Ǻ˺˲ô

˼̣ԭ벻ƽϣЩ̲ס̫󣬲еĹͷеøɾɤӣҲ˷Ҫ⡣Ȼܣó˵ֻﵣǺء

ײò˼̫һۣӣ˼ӥһƳű𴦣Լ⡣̫תŵ˼ЦõģĻҶˡ

˼˵ʱ̫ţһɽݶһȨҵϱԼݲˣǵ˼СӣһЩ᲻á
ֻһ룺ȶӴϳСһĵģԼһʧȨֻ̫ʣϱıϢǵ飬ҲǹԼһ·ϡ꣡ȵôЩ꣬ԿɾԸҲΪһֱδѣܸӵϵλĻᡣ
ѵһģСɣϾһŮأ½ӣ

һֱϢƽͣҲͬʱϱ߻ʵ۵̨͡
ǺϢӶ࣬Ȼݳ󣬵طҲϺ͵ϵ߼лϹ۵ɺϣڿѾ׷װ֮ͻȻֽȥ²̸Ϸֵˡ

̫ȻһƿصİߡΪ˼ҵɺϣóʱͰѳŸص·ͬԷΪơΪ꣬ѾܹȫѿسҲԻԱߵϢ

ؼ˼ʱɫһЩء

˼ڻʵ۵ң注Ĵ䴵͵Ĵ磬Żݵңȵ˵û£ʲôϢ㶼˵Ҷŵס

̾˵󺹵ıڻƺӱˣǺųĽһף󺹲ϰˮս˿Щ˲á

˼ЩţƽܲԮһѣ

ȻԡҳľоǴԼȥģҪ֧ԮֻпطĹҵķĴ󲿵ͱﶼǿֵĵУ˭˭ԸûĺôҪԼǵȻԸһиô˻ˣԲԮࡣ

ĵǻǴôҸŭԡ˼Ҳֻ˵ȷʵǣһ󵹸꣬źλãͱûҪ⡪Щʱ˿ɲ򣬶˭ͷ˭ôĴ󲿵ͱأ

ߣºĴ࣬ҲСǶڻͺԮĲӺפģأʿ䣬ҲԸԮˡΨʣްҺԸ⡣

ȻԸ⿩֮ǰĵݺڣӺսܣûʲôԱʧԮȻԳǰ߲սѸٰѳҪλáڲԭ彨ĳ͢վǴȨգ˾߷

˼ü˼һҲһһֱѵϷڱ߽ϣǶɵӻ᲻ңԴûΪԼʲôҪʵӦ̫̼һ͸ţҪʱһӦ
ҡҡͷڣֻ̼ҵǰԮѽϾҪأ

Σգ˼Ҳ˲رǹ˲Լ
̫ʵҪȨɣͷ糱ˮƵģûˣܻûġ

̧̾ͷ˵һ·ͬʱһԡ

ʲô·

ָָԼıӣҡ

ȴ˵ҩţһٱѾ˹ȥѹʱۣܶǻǽһصĵݣƵʹ.˼˼ԩһ˵ԩʲô

ҩŷŤͷǽһŮӣ԰׵գ۾ӫ˸Եø
ŬؿһЦֻǳкڶѣûǵĲǻ˰˱ù˭

ŮЦֻǺڣҲûɶǽƾһʯͷ˵ĳ죬ƭ˶ˣ˶ˣ޹أ
ӣ¶һظ첲ƤϺɫһ׺ۺѪӡӣЦţ㿴Ҳ˱ءαغԩأ

ҩ۵ûģҲԸǰ˭ֻԹԱ뻽ģ㰤ӣʲô£ԼùߵģҲòͬ顭¿Իѹ֪ʲôʱϡͿ˯ȥˡ

ҩٴʱ۾һǽߵǸŮӲ֪ʲôʱˣضһˣЦԲԣûͷ˵أպ

ҩŶʱһ飬ֻ̧Ŷͷʣ

λȻǺˣڵϵĵУϥЦܸɱ㣬˵ллҡ㿴طģ˰籣ǽƤֵģײԿǶĶһŴԵġ
ƳۿϹƵһڣϷŴ«έĿӣҲҲۡǿϾʳ˵Ҳа취㽫һţ಻ԡţңҾԲüͷ

ҩȻ˴򣬵ʱʹ˾ʹȥˣֲˣҡҡͷ˵Ҳ裡ţ˭˵Ҿһɣ

Ѿ͸ˣ˿̡Цţΰɣ׹ƶԸĶӣﻹţɾһӣأ

ҩ˵ʲô׹ƣҲûǸ̫͡ãȻ
ȻеĽ۹⣬б˺һۣĵȥ˰ɣڶ²˵Ҫ꣡

ģһ˵ãǻڣŲţ


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ҩҲ, ˵һҲõ, ұ, ֲЩǧĹŮ, ȻӲ⡣

˵㣬ʹãҲȻùӳԡıҲᰡ˵߳С

ҩŵȻǲź޵ģתһ룬лܱûкãֻܱһáˣصʱ, ˵Ҳһʲô⡣
Ŀɿڴת, ڰ˵Ųɡ

˵ڴһο, ҪѾ, ǲңҲעˡ
֡ؼЦ, ôԼһԡһУǲǸö

ҩ֮Ա, 찵Ŀذ۵, ̫Ǵҩģ˵˺֮ҪڶءʵǿͿҩ, һյƸҿɺã

ͷԥһ£Եһյ͵ͽ˵ҩҸš

ҩ˵ءȡһǿػͷ֮ʣԼɢͷϺúõߣ˼ѣߣ˼ͷ߬

ĬĬؿĶҲ«ưԼļͷһҩ

ˣҩŴ·һҲʲô߳ܣҩϲá˻˻ֱ
Ȼ˵ˣƹ㡭
ְ߬ŵͷǵ˻ϣⱧԹţϣҵͷôСǿ˵ġ

ȹҴҰ۾ߺʼسУպ۾źһ㲻ε͵٣㻹ţи質ò飬Ψֻ֮һֱǳ顣ֻǽͷһ𣬲֪μʲô

ҩμʲô޲֪Ҳһ㲻֪֪һجκںѲʱһģһڻУҲڻС
ǻ𣬵ǻƽǹгĻһѾ޴ĻѣѰߵնպˣƮҡһɫƽǹϷ䡪ϸܿһֻֻȼŵĸӣ֪Ϊʲôؿڵ·޵÷ǿԼ˫ｹݣʹжʵ

޵ڶǶһȦģոҩš

ҩžʧ룬ధţϵ˻ûء̫˵Ҫһٴ˺ٴһء

ֻܷӰ򲻰򣬹ƨ£ֻܰ˳ȥ

ҩ˵˰һٽһٵشжԩġ

ݴȹǰ̾ߣҲŸƵġҩȻ̱ģ˵Ȼ̫ļ׳¹ْYƤޡžžģеĺ˵ʽ˶ӣֻ᲻ϵ

Ϊ̵ЦGͶˡԹԵģһٱ֮Ҳͽˡ˵̫ˣ˭ɲɣ

ȻϾϵˣҩŵϰ˻ߣһͷײϣʲôĵĻѿڶ
̫ͷЦűߺȲ裬ߵĹŮ˵ģǼ֣ʹ˾͹ˡ֮ǰҸֽթҪ˵ʲôʲôŲţ

ĶӱģɫԭȲ԰׶ˡ¬ĺӣθ£ֻҽ˵޴󰭡ҩ˶ǣ͵ˣ̫µɽθڼС
˳شţȻģ̫Щ˵Ķ̴ָƣӻܷȥ

̫Ц죬˵ǽӽɡ

ǣ
Ȼ˲䣬Ŀ̫˫̧ĶǸͻȻоһᣬ̫ɣϽתȥʱȴ룺̫Լ֪̥ķյİɣֶٲҲҪǸҲܹѪԵֵ̫ܣ

˼һֱһҩŰ˻ԼǸ۵ʱ˻ơ
ֱ¹ܹһ£ѹƵģ̫󿪶Ƚȥʻ

ҩھʹͻȻһҪӷ𡱣ĳߺл
ʲôأ߸һʹټοһ£Ƕˡ˼ţͻȻԼôôµͷϵ亹ð˳

ȥɡҩ˵ȴǸѪܺ󱳵Ӱӣͬͬ顣

̫ʤȯյĵȻݣŸ°ݵģһ˵˰ɣ

Цñȿ޻ѿ˿˿һ˵ūʵܲˡ̫ūһɣ

̫ЦЦˣŲһʮްɣأǡ

ǡֱּǸؿ˲佽ҩűð̵ʹߵ׵ֻ̫ܷԸū»𺣡ϵɽԸģ

ܲˣָ»𺣡ϵɽ
Ӿ̫ҲָơȻ֮ôһ¼ӣ˿õĵУԱѪеضԸ˼󲻹Щŵô

̫һ˵ҲҪϵɽ»𺣣ҪףһӦңٰûھͱˡñģҪң

ʹ߽ҩŵ־ͷ絷⣺ūǡǣ˵ƨʵ̫ۣһƬհףһ䶼벻

̫ǸʵˣҲƨ˵֮ǰʩ׹ơ

ҩһ̸ֻҪˣýеū׹ƣ

̫顱ذ̲豭һˤ㽲ҽˮĽˡ

ҩǡ̫뽲

̫ɫƵĿضҩźð죬Ծشһսˣ˵£ܹԹѰ·Ҳ㰧ʮգֻ޲
ҩžɫƲ⣬ѾĲпвŵˣ˵룬ɶصΪʲôҪ󣿡

ҩ˵Ҫū֮ǰںҡ

û˵̫꣬һڴϣԣ

ҩһ¡

̫Ĵʹ˸ɫ
Ƭ̣̫ĿžѹƵģһץһΣҩŵĲһ

ΰ̼òһ޺ۻƵľʹ
ҩż´ȴֱס󱳶ãʹá໡ؽУˣˣ

ǲˡ̫ʾɶʲô


ۼץһΣҩ׹ţɶūҪū

̫ЦЦʲôأ

ҩ۵ֱ飬ô֪˵ʲô˵šҲƣд󺹶ЩС.ӵĹգ

̫üʲôС.ӡ˵ô˵⺺˵ḯȻ秵ġҡ
ͣͣ˵ӣŲ֪ɶǴ󺹴ӷϵģĺӲŻϵģԼҵļǱ׵ģԼȫ屻ŵʺƳǣûлϣģ
˵ջ˵㣬ʲôζ

ҩӲһȥѾˣⲻҪ׹֮ߵԻʺôڹŮ˵ĺլ׾ˣʲôֶûм
ǵͷ˵ūͶˡô̫ʾ£ɶضԴʩ׹֮Ҫʲôأ

̫˵ϳʧϳֺͿɶһǺˣʧİɣ˵Ҫӹɻأ

ߣк֡
̫ţԶĶԵ˼ĳ谮һҩŵĿڹֻ²Ƕ£õ״֮ɱҩڣټ粨ȵ˼ԾԾĻľۣҲֻҩͷ㡣

ǵ˼̰Ͼ
̫ĵϵİ籣ǰɽˮɣŮ˼ߣͲòĶ̴


 132 
˼õսϵ汻ˡ²ȻǴϲ, ĺ, һŽϸǵδ, 򱻵ϵĲѺ۵, ֱת˼С

һҿڣٺˡ֮شͿ壬ǴҲûУ˿˭ĸҲʵ۷ԸԸʩ

˼żһȻϲ˵, ȴֻܲдŸˣкúÿеĺ, ҲҹĹĵĶ²

ĸ׻ǿӱ, ǽŮ, ôϵˣѰ֮и׶֮ص˽, Ȼɱ޹ĴȱҲеġҪȻʵۻؾԸ˵, ϸһŴȴ֮ģеŮڹһСġ

ȷʵҲ̫ƽ, ҩͷ̫ﵽݴȹһ٣Ҳǹ˼Ҳ̫˾Щ֮, ֻһʱδ˶Ŀһȥ롣ϱв¼ɣ粻ճ˼ҪѡһЩ۸̫ҲǷԸ¹͹ȥ¡

Ҳδزҡ˼ŮԸԼ˼ĺôţĻྯѣԼ˰²̫һӦҲТĸĻ
󺹲ڣܸоҪôӡ˵ˮڡǴ󺹵ĸףֻѡˡ

ôӺܿ챬Եˡ

ͻȻҩŻѺϹ¡
ʡϢսս˼ҩŰ򲻹ָϿɶػʺ׹Ƶ֣׹ݺ޺ͺϣΪļúƲʩ󺹳˳ȻһҵĶϳսܣڻǽƵΧڻƺӱ߳׹ʲô

Ժ߼˳ҩǵ˼Ӷ²⾩ģ͢ξ͵ģа֮ıҲǺģԺĽҲһʯһͷѺϰ˵˼ͷϣһͷѵԼʤһͷʺ˸׹Ƶ״ӹ񣬺մһûвѲƤġ

˼ʡ౨ԾҲû磬ֻ˵ƫ򰵡ڹײ󰸵ĵطǰ͢ξɣǻݴȹȻҲ󺹵ķ䡣
ټһ䣺ѾòˣҪĪˣⰸӾ˵ˡ಻ǻ

仰ҩŴҴͥͳʱȻǻġ

ʺ˷޾ģôҲֹһЩɻ󡪡ǻʺʩ׹ƣʲôô򾲣˷͢ξҲȫȻ£Ҳйӡ
ԣ˲λ̵ģڳһҶǹ̬ȣȰ˵ǿɶȷʵȻдá

ҩ͢ξĹʲֹۣҧǻʺԴʩƣʹô󺹲鱣ӣϳΧ顣
ʵ۲ڣ͢ξҲ̲˱ƹĴֻҲţ˹ηóԺúȴţֻҪС

˼̫ĵڶȻˡ

ֻҲû뵽Ǻޡ

ֺѾȥ˰£·Ѿ¶Ƥϣű޴ĺۼһģ̫˼ѱ˳밲ɶء

˼Ħ˼ģضˣϵ˺Щû

ľګ˳ЦݣöˣѾôˡҵʱҧûй֣֮Ҫƽˡ

˼΢΢Ц޹޹ԼҲأļֻڨЦѡ

ƳƳ˵м˽ɶ˵ô

˼΢΢ü˺һ˵áһֱǸˣŵù㣬㲻ԼŪͬ

˳ȥټĵÿյģ˵̫ʱع˸ΪĿȷһ붷˭˭ȻǻɵġȻƵؿ˵˼һۡ

˼ֻͷȴŮˣϱѵһ˶һңڻʱȵۺ󹬶ݱɶֳƿɣƾôվʱū

޵һ˼κξ춯Щ٣˵̫ĶӣĸģҲԶҪࡣ˼ƾ󺹵ĳҡǺǣҲֻ˵˵ĳǿסġ

˼Ȼͷʣ˵ЩҶ֪ҮҮɴԶᣬҵžǡҲҪӶҶ̱ƹٲҲֻ̥š㻹Ȱʲô

޿˵ʵ֪Ȱ

Ȱ䣿

ҡҡͷҪ䣬ȻлȵϣˣѾòˣ̫һϣһתǸʵһ˫ɼƣĪǡ

εǵ˼üͷˡĴʵ˵ˣ޺«ʲôҩ

Ƶ˼ɫ¶һ㡰ˡĵ⣺֪̫ôҵģȻңܹ⵹ɶأҺҵļл·ȻҲ֪ƾһҩŲ˵󺹣Աٹ㣬Ͷ·߶Ծ

Щʲô˼ʣԸļң빹ʲôأ
ĪúЦ˸ӣǸСܿҲҪܹСȶСƵӾˡΪ˺ӣҲ߶Ծ

޴ͳһõĺа²۵ĵط˽˾ҴŮɣ߷߶˵壬ͻйľٶƲ뷢ԾģôҲﲻ̫ͷϡ

õҲͦܵġ

˼һǸ۲ֱƢĻΪ˵Ĺݡϣ߶ԾԾıʲôĻһôٵԼ뺢ӵһ

˼ʣһ֪Щʲô㲻ˣ
Ц
̫һܶɣ˺һһӵ˼󣬾Ķһ̳лλӦÿԻһЩĻᣬİɣ

ʱؿЦ˵ΪҸ

˼Ц⣬˵

˵ˣһôûУǱϹϷֵģֻҪ㣬ῴһۡǸ̫һģԾ֮գ񾡹֮աͿ͸ˣʲôó

̫֮ǰͰǰǰˡҲ˽˼λǶĽڳ޵ġͺ󡱣ôʵ˼أǣʲǵ˼Ϳͣʹú֪˿ԷģΪ侮ʯ
ͻȻ棬˵ҽͶġ֪Һûл·Ҳ̫ʴȡϣҡ

˵һòûС
ǵ˼һǫѷαˣ˿̲óס

׵֣صͷ֮˵һǮͲݳڶ²УڵУҼһ췴ǻȥƲѣҪѴ󺹡

˼һ˵ǹãֻܾڹΪת

¾ǲʱ󲮱һҲԡӣȻ˵ڶܹ㣬λá
ıͷģͻȻˣԼߩߩ˵ǿŤĹϲշĿɳ𣬲ûйʼһܳܳܿºܿµΡǣҲһĸͬŮˣӦöõġ

Ҷ˼˵ͻȻԺһЩͬ顣

ãܴŤĺ޶ҲܻΪᡣ
һһ˭ѧԵ£˶ҩԣ˭źҩĵôĴۣ

Ҷײ̧˵һҪһᡣ


 133 
̫֮ƳײڵʱѾ, ˼̫Ĭ˼˺ܾ, Ӳ, ǵԡԼС滹һСڲسɳ, ¶˵Ц⣬Խᶨģⳡ̫֮ĽΪԼĺҲиܷ䣬Ҫʱ

Ȼ뿪󲻶ã̫롱ǰһ
˼һ, ϣһǰ̫밲

̫ճϼλӣѵ˼еͷ, ЦڹжĴ, ֪ɶ֪֪, ͲһЦˡ

˼Ȼ˵ԣ֮ţ̩Ȼˡ

齵ĺҲţ̫Ŀ, ̶Ц˵, ҳȻ㣬֪ҶⱩƢ, £
ΪһȦףȴݵѾ, ġ˿̸ǳأȫûбס

˼ЦҵĹ˵ĶȻǴ󺹵ĶĶʲôʻƶԡֲǴ뵱ϣࡣǺԶ϶Ȼģ

̫һ㶣ЦҲǡôʱʱټ££׽ɰɣ

˼ټ̸£׼ˣ̹ʲôµĸԡ

̫Цõģ̹ͺáûþҪˣʱڹ֮ɶضտ

˼һˣ̫ϵЦݾͽʧҧģ
ŶӣߵŮ㿴˲òࣺȴҲŵأ˵ĳ谮Ҫ˵ɵҲɵƵĿ϶ϲŮͷεģԶľһֱһߣֻ࣬ҪŮ˵

̾˿һƬģҲΪӡ

ӦһǡĿģպᶮ

̫ҲǱƾˣŶ˵Ϊǣ˶Լ¡ȵۺ󹬣ҪȵۻģԼɸ羴мӵСʰùҵӣŶĵĵλ˰뱲Ϸ
ȵ̫ӣ˼ϳӹ߾ĺˣΪıʿЩḯˣ̸ʲôбȵȻںӣЩ˹ĴӲͷƤûз̫ӡںҲͺʿļ߾ۼ˶ٺıĶһЩ˰٣թŵҹںرӡ˽Ҫͷ

̾һþȻںȻ߱˵˵ĺô̳һҾТģ

ȻԼҲдֻź޶˵ְѧȢŮɶأԼҵ׷ںģҲΪ衣붼ľҡ

شɲǡʱ˵£¤ԼҲѧЩǣΪһôȣͼںϵۣĿ

Ե˼Ϊ˼ˣΪĺ뵱ֻ꣬ûΪˡ̫תЩСʳţȵ۷Ϊ̫Ӳѣѵơɱĸľɷ

ʣ̫ʱıʲôأ

ʲôı̫۵˵̫ɱ̫ĸԽһ㻹ɱ̫ô

գ۾ƶǶ

̫˵ȵʱƽǵϵʱѾ׼ڹȫɡֻȹһȵҼ岮ֵܹѳָƶλΪ̫󡣡
ЦЦ񶵶תתҲġֻں֡ȻҲֻһǺöӰѾ˼ҵþʣһ㡪ûĵĶ

զࣺʱ⵹̫ʲôķӷĵǻҲ߱߱һ·ˣںʲô

̫Թ԰ԸѸҲҪȡ᣻أﶮҵĿģ

ġġ֮£ǿʼ鹬еҥ¡ɶʧ¡Ĺ±ûɫĴ

һҥ£һ㵱˶Ż֪
÷֪ʱ÷ζҪըˣڵ˼ǰ˰˵ŮɣеһЩĻ

˼Цҵ׹ƺ͵¡ڿ𣬻ǣֶǹˣ

÷ǣСӽͷץ˸ţŮɵʾ£ǲһ˸һٰӣݺݴһ٣ǲϹ

˼˵ҥĲ˶ѣնĲ

÷Ȱܣ˼˵Կ̣Ūõ·ĿȻ˵ӿǵסԣļ˿ʼ˳ϣһ飬鵽ҥµԴͷˣҲôҲɱһˣ˿ڡ

˼˶˵ڹҥĿĻۣ⳯⳯ĿĻڴ󺹡һƲסƢˣ˵Уɱˣ˵ɱڡҲʲôأҲžͺá

µû
ȻӡĻʺ׾ͰڹҥĹһǣϵץ˳ʱռҪλõĳҥԾͲܿƵģŹصĹ£Ϊ˽ֵܿϿƵġǰݵ·˻ƺӱߵĶĶС

ʼҲǲŵģǡǡԺɵ˶ԣһζͼ

վɽңŲԶĻƺˮһڵĺӵʮѡѣˣֻϳˮʦӰϮͻ̾ںӹȻʱɽգսԹΪأ֮ǰѾʧܡ
֣֮Ϊѣ²

ͳּ˹ﴫ£ĵɫȻѿ
ʿǰʵʻϷз֦ࡣıࡣˣ˺Կ͵͵ĸҥʲô˼

ʿͷҲʲô˼ֻ˳ú棬͸һˡ

ŭͷһ߷һ߳ȵҾģϧ棬ñӻ

֮ԽӿӣűͺĺûּѪϲʹоƵػӪ˸̶ʱ䣬˼йصΣÿضǴμǧϻЦӰӿʼֵĮΪֹʵģǲıԼֻؿԲתһӰ
ļÿζڴӱ׷ʱͻȻоԨȻںڰֹ׹Ȼˡ

ֿʼѰƣС򣬴ɱߵ˶Ψֺ˶ջʵۡ

ڶһٶ飬׼ˮͻΧ֮󣬸յ߼ĵ

ʱڣлɺպʱͻǨŭ಻˳һ𣬶ӻ䷢

ţӸŸĵЦƽﻹûʽ̸¶ɣǲʲôõϢ

Ҳ֪λǰҲãǡηĻϴ
˵еġɶڹͦġ

֮ɫת˲ţȻ䵭˵ţһЩ޿Щʼ̫ģЩҲ˷ֵŵ

ǿЦ˵̫Ȼϱġ˵࣬ǿɶЭࡣңӺңƣûǳƽǹעʱδزǵսҡأ

׼ʰ¶û̫Ȥֻ˵ûָӹսҡҲ⣬ôˣҲǹҵǡ
ͷĻڵشͷм˼ģ˵

һ˵˵һɺԣ

Ŷ

Ƶ̧ͷŶģЦ󺹡Ŷһѵתҥˣ
˵꣬Ͱ˶һȭͷ


 134 
Ƕֻ, һȭͷĵǸоؿڷ, 㴭

ߺߵ˵ȻΪԹ˼, ҲΪ俪Ѿ˭Ƿᣡ

Ϣñ򵽵ĵطĵʹüԼ, ̾˵󺹼ƫ򰵣һ
ƨ꣬оûôˣ˵˴֮⣬ʵʵôҲƲһƲͿԲ֪ġҲΪɽƽ

۾˵죬˼˵

˵Ǵ·ľﴫ, ľɴ󺹾˼Ҹ𣬶Բԣ

ֱָϴҥˣ˵ֱ, Ҳ˵úݡ
ĵͷ, ⲻ֤ݡ

ͷǵġ֤ж, Ӧҥ֮šһ׹֮жѧ࣬ŮɼҶĿȾҲ, ȻųŮŷġĸû׹֮, ˵ɶͻȻòš
ŵ, ׹Ϊ˽ǿɶʲôأ󺹳ңѾˡ˲ûд, ƽǹǿлţл·˵󺹴
ԼЦúЦЦʦˣʲôأ

ȷʵûжҵ˼񡱣ĵͷ˵šǡ

˵һҥ͸ˡ˵ʲôڹ޶ȣֱЦ

޸Ȩ̫ˣȷʵ޿ˡбŵ磬˵󷽷ȥ̫мΣģô֮ʲô㵹ó֤֤һûУ
һԼò˼飬Ҳ̲סͷŰ֮ԴԴϵشܳԼƲס

ŵȭͷѹ滹ƲסزĵȻԱԽҪǿȨֲ
Ҳ֤ݣɵЦȻûСƷģͲ˵ˡɶֻĸµУʹ޳ܵŮˣ˿Ҳɣ

˵꣬ͻȻǰһ漴ӱ˾סˣԼ˶
ĵܸߣϲŭ֮ǲ˵ʲô

һţ˾˵ҽ֤ʵ˵ģɶˡ

ӣǶȥǰֵĳɹ˿类ϲһлɣɵɿ죬˳˵·ڸոȭͷĵط쵹һЦ졣

Ц㲻ס



ûɶ˵ÿ˿ͷ̾˵ƼóȻߣʧܴˡ

ԼʹĵطѾһƬˡµһعˣҲЦ˵ٴȥѾǼˣӺ̲ˣǳҲ¡ϳıǸųһױ£ǳҲջ

Ϊʲô

˵Ҹ˵Լȳ϶ɵʱûǨ㣬ΪϳסҷȨֳ̫֮ҡŷȨ̫ҲҪڻҵġԺģ˻ᡣǳ͢ɵɵأһҲǼɵģŽ֮һԸҵǱڵ֣ǴˣȫķһˣǲûкôԱȻǸֳ⣬ĲŲܳ롪ôʲô̸أ

ҵŵֻкס̵ֽеǲһôͿ˱أ

˵ǸϴֳĺӣƤǳǽ󺹺úø̸¿϶ͬġ

ĹֵȨǾͿˣ



ϳ󽫾̸УȻǰ֮ıƽǵĴĩĳ÷ӽ֦ͷʱ򣬳д˴󺹰ʦؾϢ㿭ҲûʧܣԼǩʵǣҲԿҲƽĵŻʵ۵Ĺ

̫ѾǰϦؽ겻ԭɵԸԽľԱźǿ಻ԡ

ַߵļˣ֮Ͳʹãȫ䵽ҴͥԷӴʹҽ鱣ŶǾϸѡ޲ڰ˴ҪȥȻʼΪһ½ƣڴһ֮ͨ󣬺ƽ˵ҵĶǸе

ȻһӵζûЩŵʣҪ

̫ƣҡҡ֣أǰĳǰҲйŮ˲ӵǶʱ򣬾ĸ޶Ҫһȫĵط䴳صַҪһݡģҲһġ
ϧظŶӣƺڶƺڶǸû˼ĺ˵¹ܡ˭ѪСģء

գ۾Щᣬ̫뱲ӣʱͲ¼Ѿﵽ˶壬¶΢һ˼Ǹĺӵı飬ֻ̫һĶˡ

̫ѷĶӸɳˣԼһ˵ҼﰢɵĻŵûУ

Ͻջͷ˵ˡԮ󺹵ģԮȻûд󺹵࣬ǵȴ󺹻ؾ֮ои֮ʣãõġֻǴºһΪǸʱҪ˺ˡ

̫һ˵ҵȻ˺ǣҲ֣ԼͱˡպȰģҲѵѣֻҪΥڼҷҲֵң

ǡѱ˳شףȴ룺һĸƱؾѡ̵ӣ̫Ҳôһӣ⣬̫ǰ棬ʱҪֻû˳ԵǣôأѰˣֻԼ˵Ŀܣ
ֻǣɴ˶ɥ׻һ

̫û뵽һŮҲصʱôһССġ

ؿ͹Ķϱ߳СС͹˵ҪǸŮӾͷĶˣҲӦǸкӡ
ԼҲЩƿ㯣ղ˵Ϊ̡ģҲֻƴȥΪ򡣡

˿ֻܵطԸ˼һɻϵΪԵºɱҩźͺޣҪҪˣҴͥηҪʱܰŪ󻼡

ѵҩűɶطԸת͢ξˡ

̫󡰰һüԼĶͷӹȻ䱿ˣ͢ξǶİŵˣǵ˰岻ýȥ

ҡҡͷɶȻҲǸɫ۾šӰͰ͵ذԱȥͻз

̫Ǵ

Ҳһ֪ʲôҲ֪ҪʲôԼЦŶԺ޵ҪˡҩŪ׹Ƶǵ˼ҷģȶֻûУ

ɫȻɷס
壬вõģ֮ϰмıô

̫־ӣذȻ֮ǰһᡭ

գҴͥηáɶص˼֪Ϣ̫͢ξ𴦡

棬̫͢ξ͵̫˵ӹǲãùҴﱯ֮ɺʵڿɺޣôùѺɶػʺʾ£Ȼ󷢵͢ξ˾ðɡ̫أ۲Ĳҡ

ޱ͢ξ˾ڣͷ棬߳ͬū澣޻ʵϣȻҩߵʱ򶨵˵ǣڴһˡ




 135 
ķ糾ͻصƽ, ȴ˼ûн, Ƴ, ʼڳפ

Ҳ˼ҹƵʱ, ľ˾Цüûؼˣһ˿˵׽ⲻͶ

λ̵ľ˾ЦЦˣ˺üڿˮ˵ôᣡڹﶼǴ󺹵Լˡ

ЦG˾׵ģ׵ģȴ˼Ҽ޹ģ벻һأ

⻰˵ġľ˾䲻֪˻, ˿ЦֶŮ˵, Ÿ, Ҳûɫ, 󺹵ƣ

бؿŰŸǡ
СһɫûУװүǰǿջЦ, ŶĵȫԹɡҴææһյƸ, ˵һߡ

ĽžЦǣ治һأսǣŸǸһתž˾ˣ˾Ҳһ԰ɡ
ؽֱ, ȾҲߣ˿Ž, ʾ˼ŸǶоˡ

ڶǣϵĶ鷢ڳĳȵĹоž񣬰ŶĵķԸƽǰŵĻǰŵĻԼɣɺӲͷʮﷻĻȫࡣ
ԼһؽһŰŸǵĲӣ۾ֶľ˾ˡ

ŸǱ֮ĸ첲͸ѡСｿ̲ס檶촭ˣҪôô

Ʋͷ۾ϲ׽Ū˵ˣСŮɵĶôǷأ

ŸǺͺ޵ӲһŤһŤ˵Ҫȣ
ǧﵽϳǿˣҲ˲٣ԡ̫顱ΪɣоӪı߽ʳչȫɰŸԼŮȥĻ¹ٸ𣬾һʮ²ŲʡÿÿֻаӪʱ򣬶ĲŻһ档

ɿһЦǾɿɡãѾ㲻ˡһ㣬Ҳϲ˳˳ͷͷϵСϵĲҡ˳ˣƲͷ˵һȥһʼˡأһ㣬ϳصһ㡣ӦӺӺµľźá

С죬ﶼףɻдһЩͷ½ٲˡ

Ŀһۣ˳ƿͷ˾һۣɫˣǲ˺ģǣҲǲ˺ģ

Ľɣϵľѿоƽ֮ڵȨҲûбˡ

ƽǹһȦѲӹȥؾǵ˼ŵģûмˣҲûмϡΪ⣬צӹһȥ̫Ƶ˻ݴȹعһһȥı㵱ˡ
꣬ҪĵˣЦģſڹ˵밲ˡ

ſӭ̧Ƥ˵һ·ˣȻȥϢɡ

˵ʲô˼Ҹջ氢ﵲҵļݣǺٻƣҰ첻㣿ƵĴ߸ӣɫһתϣԵˡ

ͨһڵأ˵󺹡ūôҵݣʵǡ̫󲻴

ôĲ

ҧ촽¿˰죬˵̫ġɼˡ

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ţͷ룺ȴһʵ۸̫밲̣ԤϱƹʵȨλ±Ȼûгɹ
Ҳ֪ĺ˾˺ûУҲҶ˵ʣվſͷĶҲʱ꣬ʪˣƱһƬСܵشֽš

ľͥţϣֺТ˳ʱˣҲһֱûж

ҧҧݣ˵Ȼǵһӣʱ򳤻ûжġǧϻһۻˣϢաһϢū͹ߴ󺹡

бؿۣǰ㲵öˡĲأȷʵ񣬶ʱͰ㲵ɫЩ˵İ֮ıϵһôܷģǿЦЦ˵ðɡ̫Ǵ£޶Щҽҽź򡣡

ҽѾźģҲˡ˵

ֹĵȻףЦúů⣺ûϵ˶ӣպɱڱǡ
תţͷԸдҽûģ̫ıٶ࣬ҲδؼʤĶӡ

İо̫ﶼźˣڹԷĳĬĬ˰죬ŷѬ촵ӣĶ㻨Ϣд͵Ĳļȥ޶˵ΣԼĲ¼ɼֱǳ裬ռºͶּᶨ΢Цˡ

ߵҲҶϵڣıһﶼڳճǼƣи󵨵Ļ¹ʵ󺹸ý˰ɣ廹豣ذ

һڸһ̨סûһ۾Է޲֪ôôô£

ߵˣԹɫҲģʱȻЦǣūˡٶһʾ£Żǿ̫ô

ĵЦûסǹƯĻȣҲ¶˳Ȼˣ̫·ϣָԴһëӣ̫ȥ

ƹһԺСͯЦ
ĵĲԳ֪ͣҸôžˡ

תŶ̵ĲݵϣһС޴޵ĺ£ֵţϲʱݳ棬С޺Ĵ۾͸ſȥڿƵĸףգգۣЩˣƲۿҪˡ

鱣˲밲ȸϽѰ±ȻŹЦ밲

ȹӵϥӡɶŸ˻ˣƵİѰ±Сϸ󣬼ֱ÷֣ԣҵĺӾ͸ôŪýεεġҵĺð¡

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ĸĸһڶޣҲֻиɿš

ŮֵʣǶôôһֱڿޣôҲȱôôӵģ

ֱˣźˣ

ѰֶȥűԣбŴ̷ɫյĵ˼ӼҵĴ磬˫٣üһºЩƤׯЩ械УĶȻɳСµ˼ߡ

˼˵ұ

ĿĶӣһãУôߵĵܵܡ

¼⡰ûаԼ˼ΨԾˣ˫ߣ˫֡ٱžžڸ׵ؿڼϣͷһøճСءһҧڶĵϡ

˲ã˼ҪЦżϽѰĸҲЦ󺹣ūɡ

İŮתָĸӲϵĿˮЦ˵GֻСӣôСͻҧˣ
ȻԺһ䣺ҵ֡

˼ֵһۣ˳ư§ڻ

棬ڷŶϲĳ㣬÷˳ۺɫᲨƵĴᣡ
Ļӻֵæˣȥɡ

˵ŵģ

˵ɫɲͣһٳԡ

Ůв˵ģһЦ˳ȥ˳Ŵˣôڰɡ

һأﰵࡣĳŰɫһŵ˼ϣȻסһ˳
Һöӵǰһ˵

˼˵ףҸո׼ŵģ˭˵ԣ

ȫ֣Ƥ˵Ǹ

ĸ˼ʡ

ԼȻ͵͵ءСĵ̧һۣҲڿЦǳüûУǽ˷ɳڵȱŮ
ֵͷһҶ÷ͺǳ˰֪ϲʲô
Цݳϵһ´½˵Ҳ֪ϲ㴩ۺɫ

֡˼˵֮ǰе̥©֢״Ȼأҽ˵ǰͷֵûúñԲܼ£ܡܵġ

еССʧ˵Ҷ˼µĻˣ

˼бһۣЦ˭֪ǿɳأ

ңˣšβһѣûֻ̫о·ˮϸ壬ָʵǺüˣ

˼ƿ֣ҲˣֻݹٷŻ𣬲յƣ

ĶʱԲλ࣬뵽ȻҲһֱˡæѵ˼˲֣˵İһֱšеĻ˵ģȻ˼Ҳץҵߣ
ץԼϣҪʹ³ˡ

˼ָգŮСӡǳǳں䣬ȥصȤϵ˳СȮڴ˵ĸһֺصָĹ١

Ĵϣסգڴһ۾յĴߡ

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һʣأźأ׶ɣ
ҹĴؼҲǾɫɲͣöˡ԰ɣ

˼Цǲˣ⻵˾ͱˡ




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ۺɫͬһƬ, ΢Ʈҡ, ˿, ů㣬Լ΢΢ĺ, ʹȻޡ

Ƿһ£ڷۺɫӵϷ˺üȦڵ˼Ц˵Ȼʵʵؽ⡮Ҳ̰ˡһϵķҷϢֻ޴ã˵梣Ǿһһòã

˼΢΢ЦЦ, ָḧţǰ黢ҿûôɳڵһ죬¸ҩ, ˡжԴ㿳ģȻ, бһ, һ㲻˾ѡ

ĸϽڻ֪ҵëҸġʵһ, Ҿˡһ۾, Ҿ֪㲻ƭҵġ

˼ֺõӣ˵ҵȻϣ, Ҳ㡣
һģȷʵѡĲ, ҲϲԸһѧȥһˣȥһɳøǿǿָָԼؿڣһڼԽزš

Щ⣬ʾԼˡ
һͷ˵֪һҪҵԵ·

ֹǾ˼̾˭أһʵǰҲ٣Լ·Լȥֻһ˲ǻԼأһ߻ˮ֮ҵҲһԨٲǧ
Ϊף˵ΪʥΪס

Ϊҵͺ󣬡ЦԸԿʥѵ˼ְԼָס

˼ЦǵǡԹźڹŮ˱Ҫ˻غָ

˷һƿһЦĿѣԣĿЦգ̲סֱڻһѾȺģ԰Ų´Լȴ
Žɥһ˵ЩӢϧ˼Ӻݰܱܵͦидġ

˼̸ҲܼɣʵǲǾϳȷʵһѺ֣У

İǴ󲿷Ҳûռ̫ˣҲ˵֪Ӻôģ

˼ҡҡͷֻ˵פĻ𹥣

𹥱ƣҲȦꡣʱϵôΪϳ׺±ѺӺݣĸ׷ȥġʩл𹥵ľĸӡϸϸսˣ̾׺֪ҲűˣԼһƭҷפرӺݣĻ𹥲һʤ
ڻǲ˼ɫ˵˭ϧܵļˣпһȡʱȻ㣬ҽа֪һҷˣôΪ˾һŮ˸ðա׺ºǣԼҪȴΪ˳ɾǸӡ

ҲΪ˳ɾġ˼ϵһһӡ󣬡ҵã˶ľڡԣ֮Լһ͹Ҵһʲô

ţüƲ죬⣬Ҳҡҡͷ벻ͨϳ޳ܣ׺ôˣΪѵԼòֵã

˼һ˵Ϊ
ԥһ£Ƴۿ溢ӵģ˵Ҽ¤ԭǺ˵ĵؽ磬Ǩ֮󣬲Ź˳࣬ǰûб޺δûо⡣Ը˳ҲΪȵϲúƣںֵУ׶֮Ѱ˻ᡭ

úõͣһö˼Ų˵ʵ̸ʲôģıһң֮硢N񣬼ǭأڣĸǻĸģ˵˴Ϊ֮ˣΪ֮ˣѵǾͲʥˣ˵ˣҪ֮׺¶ԣϳȥнֲֹӲ֮ԡ
ַڶĵؿڣʱصɲͬͺ˲ûޡ཭ɽ£ۼһ͡ʻѽĽѾչƻ֮ԭǺ˸Ϣĵط֮Ļ£ʱ뺺ǻƵۺᣬҪ̫ãĽɣȻͶϳ޵ȻѴ֮ڣǾǿ˭Ϸ

˼˺þúͻȻһЦܾﲻԭǶˡ

˼ʱһһۡ

ЦĶˣŻûأ

⣬ںȾƣֲԵô³ִ󿪴ϵѺز꣬ĨĨ죬Ҫˮϴ衣ϴɾˣָƤСƵģſ˵Ҫ˯Ҫ˯

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ʱ˯ţŮһһģ˯

˼һڣҲ̰ůԹ˯Ļһ·ˣܿ˯ʵ΢΢ԡɢµ
˼ȴ˯ţڻݴȹ͵͵̫Ÿһᡱĺޣ̫ﲼµһһ֡ĻˣĻ˵ú̹ϺƯҲ¼ɵԸǰȫȻˣ

Ҳۡ
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ǵа취ͬ͸ĸ׵ġ˼޷ش

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һֱڶ£ͻȻ˵ǱҰүң

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˼Ըõ࣬Գ˵̫ȥǲԵġǣҵҪ͵

ֶ÷˵̫ǺܽǿӲˣ˿̶ԣص˲䣬Ȼǲڶ죬ҲȻǲҪһжˡϱТ˳ûУӦȸƣǣ׼Ҫתƴ󺹵ߣƱҿ

÷֪ĩ˿ҲأūáֻҩźͺϣĻᵹꣿ

һ̫ĳŵѾû壬꣬Ѱ·˼˵̫ΪƭǿȨܹ˳Եġʵ˶ΪԼƣ޺ҩԾڴһˡ

ȥɡԸ÷͢ξﶼġҲؿùֻǸѣɡ

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Ѿܾûܺú˯һˣټʱ򶼾ò졪ԭˣˣĿºͣټϴ羫£ܿݵήƵƤſǣ?˫ۺһʮƵġ
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ҲڤڤעģӵһЩƱʧȥһЩ

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ҩͻȻ˫ĿԲȵ𶯣ﶶδѳ޺Ͱ䵽̿ϣ˫һƣڲϡ
ܵ˲һڶȼ

ͬ޺ҩֻ߸ˣ޺Ͱ׵᣼ͬʱݣźӵĸֲ֪ǲǸ÷º˻Ҳ֪Ǳ߲ǡ

Ӻݾһ𹥵ĶģܵѡǱ˼ײסž˳ȥ

żⷵڵʱ򣬲ᣡ綼ȼռġҩȻһŻһ۵˻ߵصѻڸ
̫ţѺӸң
Ȼ˹ȥסЦü񣺡𰡣μҾڻ뿪ģң

̫ģ

ŭȵȥ˰

ɵ˵Ļ¹ٺ͹ˣͷһŻӰӣҧˮȥ̫ȳ
Ȼ̫ܿ󺰣ҵĺӣ

Ľŭɫȴסˣ۾ܿƵգš

ȥŵҲ⣬˿̹ڶߣ£󺹣Ⱦ̫ɣһƬΪ󺹽ܹλϣ̫˶ٿģϧ㡭

Ļض

˽ģ˿Щź£ҧ˵̫˼󺹲롭֪
ı㣬Ψһõˣ֪һ棬ŮһĿ棬͵ֻжĺ͵˼ܹūҪˡ̫ܣ󺹵ϡûˡǻ˵ȥūһǾͻ˵ȥ

ӾҵĿ޺
ǡ˭ݺݸһƣȴֻԼ֪ĸ첲̧ǻģ޵Ѫһ㡣
ĬȻᣬҪľͿԿޡ

ٶܣҩŷźܿû֪ļŤһ𣬷·һŻ潻֯ơʹĿӤ
ʣû׼ô

¹ȻӲͷƤȥ

ĵ޴ӿƽǹҪ꣡𰡣

Ļôˣ

գ˼۾ʵ۵˼Ȼզզ衢ͰҨˮȻȥˡ

ĸо˼·ͷһۣ̹ңҪԴΪء

Ҳһֲбɡ˼˵ɿ֣ûȰɺ衣

ֱϣݴȹһѳĻ棬ֻǿٳ档
ּţֻʵľġžѵĶ

Ļʵ۹ڵǰ޵ӣТ˳֮˼Ȼɼ

ѾȥˡŶӣôۺ;š

˼Ϸȥ˯šĸµС̥ѾƵֳŶӣǿɱһĻȴ£ޡ
ʱͷĳ˷ڻˡ

Ĵϣһûĺܵˡ
û˯͵ʡ

˯š˼˵

ʥˡһߣɢ̻һõĳ̴ζ֪ôģǧ

˼˵񲻿ɽ⣬ֺЩá

梣ûѡҡҡͷλãʱûѡ

ھ١𣬵ҪܷӦʱֻǡ
˼¹⹴ճĲӰͦ°͵ĻȺܺÿ

˵ǻָӰջһҴžˡ

ת۾¹꣬գϲ
ͻȻ˳梣ң

ʲôأ˼һͷãȻһͷЩ
ΪôŬһʥƥ
˵ǻ

ǣĶϣ˵

137 
, ʱ, ʵҲһ˲ѡ

С·ױһ, ĵܵЦڵ֡
̧Сȵײײ·Сӣĸ׵۾, ׵ͣȰ梻Ҫÿ
Űеķ糵ѽѽ˵Żģǡǡ梡ǡ֡Ц۾, ֻҪǷ糵

һƲƲ죺ǣˣҲˣĸ, ôǲаү

Ҳһ˴糵, Ե, һһģɷˡֺӣ, үķ糵

Сӻͷһ, Ȼмؼ㰢ȥ

Ĳİ嵽ǰ, ѷ糵ǰΣջ˵, ү󣬸ÿ

ںүҪ͵ܵ棡

ļջӣ˷糵Ŷ

Сһﻹǲգգһ˫۾ȥҪķ糵

İһ̧߳ҪЮȽСү

Сһ˰죬һүǷ
ȻƯĴ糵߾ңɼİУڴ۾һˮȻһΡڡۡһˡ

ôôûϢͿް򣬵ǿӻôС²ȥ֣С䡣

֣˼һӰѶӵĶǯƵĴųݺݵ˶һۣͻӣ
ССޣţԣҲѧ˵үǲǣ梡˵ֲưͣѧ˵үģ

С۾ĸ׵Ļڴɹ̫

˼Ÿ裬СԴԼļϣȻرĸֶ԰˵ܵ˯ˣҲһ˯ɡ

µԴҡò˹Ƶġ

һ᣺ƨˣ

ŮҲ˱СҪޣԹԸĸˡ

Ļؿŵ˼¶˹Ц
ǵ˼飬һۣ÷˵رãҾɹɹ̫ߡ

÷СƳ˶һۣߺʹӣַҲƵ˼һҲƵˣñԱǸ¶׹Ǩŭ

ѵأ¾ãģĸðһ𣬵ǿŵ˼ںĻߣҲˡ

ʱǵûºۼʹԽˡ
òĿˣɫ̸µĴݣޥʵĴӱԼܵŰ϶ȥĴǻۡ

˼һ̳ƣ϶Ҫ廢ӰƵļɫͲܻڣһһر˿ߣʶģ˵ɫ廢ߺÿƽ壬Ѻƺÿ

ܳǰװģؿһﶮʲôɫڵáɫˣæ˵ƽ̫ˣһ߻ȻЩ

õġ˼ͷȥˡ

εؼȣοԿ˵ȣ˳һͷ㣬оֲһˡ

ıԽԽ˼Ȼĺģɵ˵ͲӣܿЩ˵ѽ

ļϲչȥ˵尡ôˣӸ˰ɣҸ󡣡
ִֺʵһƺܰѵ˼ĺסôСƺĵļӱǰһЩźܾòˣĥӲ¾ͻ仯

ӲЩûʡ

֮ⲻھƣȻףͷ˵öˡ

ӽҪϢ˯˯ͻࡣ˵˳Ͱ֫һ׼ȥ

˼˵һ㲱ӽʱ򣬻ϲŬŬָŵǧ

ǧҲͦܵġ
ľһ£˾Цͷ

ͷŨɫս⿪ͷźɫȹɻɫĴ󙣬֬ɫһգ·ˮһĨ仨ӡϦбաϼӳĲ
ǧϷЦ˹Էȹ󙡢һȻ뵽˶ǰǸõĴգȻ¤ԼҵĺԺǽ˳ǽ⴫Цǽǧļˡ

ʱۣԼ͵ԸںİݺѪ̣಻ԣҲĻԵڱ˹飬Ҳõ˽ɽ̺壬ʢƽָ

ǡ˼źǧЦԳײСʱˣһͺ䤱Ƚˡ

˵һһ󡣡

˼֪֮ǰô࣬һʱûףк󣿡

Ҫĸ㡣

Ѿԡ裬ͷˮڵɢľػ¶õ趹

˼ûüԡˮ¶ȣͱϵϡŵ£ܿͽ󻳴󿪡
־϶Ǻأ

ࡱһͨҿУ϶˵磬Ҫѽͷϴˣ£

˼ģһҲˣԝ룺С˵ñʱסһϱˣͦߵġ

ͷĴƮ΢΢⣬ˣڽͺļ϶ܹŷ硢ݺ
òãƵʡ

˼ӺͮͮģձСʢЦ⣬ŵĽȩ̈Ƴһۣˡ

˳ȸۣʹصһѣƤ⻬úͺĻƵġ

˵ִۡ򿪣˵ܲ˵

ЦŷҪִ֫ȥ˱ڻ﷽ʼġ
˵ա

ʾк󣿡

˵Ѿˡ

ԭ.һ죬ԶŮƵңһһ֮ô

Цһһ̫ӣ˵㣬ɡ

̫ɥѾˣʵ۰˵ĹطТѧһƬʥ֮ʵ˽Ե˼ԹΪƨرôãʱ˼ЦȰȫ⳥ȥˡ

˼ţʵļϴȦ˵㿴԰ô³ҿɺأ

³ûЩίǵĹأкӴС͸ȺһóԵĿҪԣóҰҪҰ

ǵĹأ̫֮ĸôأ

ûˡЦ˵ϴҶˡҰٵƫһ٣ɱĸΪʲô˵ŮרȨʣ̫רȨŮרȨ㶵İ˵أЦЦļ̾Ϣ˵Ҳ밢ˡ
ЦǳЩҪͷûоĸ׺ͬĸĵܵܣ˲ľºôڣҲôɡϧܸáİܹʹʧߵʱʱ򣬲ԲţôҲûйһ˿ӻŪ

Իر

ͷ˵Һʡˣɱ߮ˣʱĸ׳ףΨǰȨٳڳкûôʺɱͽģ̫ӳĸԵʣǴТ

ʡͬˣ˼ʡ

Ĳм˵˵㣡Ҳͬ⣡

˼ɡ͡һЦ
ѽǸԵЦ˵һ߶ûˣ˰ɣ

ôûаҡҡͷǸҷҴͥȥˣȴɱ˼ؿʣЩ̾߶áǺ޵

˼ȻҲã̫ߵĹŮĿȾѧ˲Լ˵ķӡһˣûˣȴƾһ仰ѱƵģ㶽жĲɱ
Ҳá˼ЦȨ̫ˣʥˣ·Լ㣬㲻ҹ֡

·Լң֮ԱǣĲԣ뵱ʲôʥƥͺ󡯡˰ɣǰǣ»ǧԼţһ㶼
Ҫ㣡˵˼һͨࡣ

ǵŮ񾪺һЦ߳һתһ󡭡

ԡˮˣͷŵľ¶ĵǳ㡣

⣬ǵС˵ĸס
֪λܴš󺹲˴һƤ鱣ȰһҲȰСһԽԽߣ

˼ӣĲ˵ذһкӼңҲ׾ͿޣʲôϢ

ҲȰˣǽᣬģⲻ棬Ͱүһ벻ҪСܰ

˼ֺˣ֣ôϹ̺ѽ

ȻԲԲĴ۾ڸ͵ͷأ

ӵı飬ͻȻڽүһ𣡡

һµ𣬾ϲ֮ɫԱ

˼Цȥڻˣ

ɶ£Сүʲô˲ѽֲֲƣĸӲСү

ŵ˼ʣ³С¡ҲͰˡ֣ôأĿ⾼ؿȴţЩƮ£ڴֺĻش

˼Ƶ˵Ϊѽ¤ңиСǽ
һǽԵ֣ܲõļأ

ͷǵİ⻹ŬءϵظѧĻүһ𣡡
үһ𣡡
үһ𣡡
үһ𣡡

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