صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


ܳҰζ
ߣ
ַhttp://www.jjwxc.net/onebook.php?novelid=4511839
½ڣ 61 £½ڣ££
ע
     *ᣡԤաȦжڸҴǮղأ

İ

İ׸һԽ

ϵ裬Ե̼ƷС壬д峤ӳ۸

 

ԭˣɽֻǾ

˵ɽ㲹

˵Ҳ

 

˵ɽã㲹Ӫ

˵Ҳ

˵Ұ㲹ԭ׵

˵Ҳ

 

ڱԽԽԽԽǮ

죬ĳ̲סʣ˵ɽһСָӣȥſ

˵ֻء

 

İ

 

ԴӺһֻǾ˺ѣŮʿ춼Цúܾ

һʼǲ£֪ŮʿϹָ⡣

ŮʿѧĻ֪ʶҰζиȾΣա

ǳԵɽҰһ޶ζҰҰ

 

ȵ˻䣬˵ˡ

ֻü޸һٴ׵֪ࡣ

 

ֱ˵ϣͻȻһ⣺

ϹPPôʶСβͣ

--------------------

ղġȦжڸҴǮ

İ

Ůѧƺ²ۣԱ춼ûб£绻ϡ

⻰ݼ֮ˡ

˵ϰ

ǣһӰۣﱻ˴

ܶɶݳϵǡ

죬ԸͿʮں졣

ϴ

Ůѧȵȣأĵгʲô

*

ӰۡȺԼᶨʱһƶŮѧÿǮ֡

ΪߵԼøùǷ׷׸ϴǮˣ׼Ѳ

Ƕ˯һеϤ֮ɤ˵㻳ǸĻ̶ȲߵСӣ

------------------------------------

ġҳ˹ǵbossӭʳӴ
==================

1

ҹڵϵļֲڴһ̧ۣ֮ǹһϸ麮
΢һŸеԺ˫һ̣Ӧ̣ⴥеѩ
Ÿ첲ݣ˷Ⱥɽҹɫ޵ļ
ֲԺߣӣԼһѪ
ૣңֲһԺȵİ׸Ǳʬˣ
Ե˺ּӿԺ
һ֣
ҽмֲҵ򵥵ֲͤͤ
20꣬ҼҾǮæ⣬ܹ绰Ρ
ڼ䣬ĲŰͨϸҵĺ޴ȥˡǡڵıû⣬Ҿſˡ
СԼˣŵڶҶˡ
󣬼ֲңˡ
ڶ֣
ҽмֲΪҵ迴˵ֱˣǸѾͷƬӣľġ
14꣬һһܵܣȫһټһٱ
1974꣬ҵǰڵĵطӱɽ
붬ã̷ҪɽҳԵġɽһһҹ޳ɹһؼң·ˡ
ҴɽϹֱϲһѪ
󣬼ֲң̱ˡ
ּϣֲǹһԼްȷԼԽˣ˸ȥСֲϡ
ֲ̾һվ⵽Լһް޿ڹɽʱεã¶һŵȫˡҲ֪ԭôģһ˫ŴֺĲЬ˫Ѿȫ֪
𣿡źһ
ӽһֻ糿һϡࡣ
ֺһ
ӼӦ
Ŷ˵𹾹ˡȺС̸Ӿǲġ
ֲŶֱĸоء
йһ֪ļʾ˽ԵǰСʱͿܻιȥ
θγʹ֫һɲƵĶĳ嶯۾۽Ҳܷ
㱼䣬ֲԶҰӣˮˣ˳ӡǣϽ첽ǰȥҲûΪʲôɽϻгӣﳪ˹·ǡ
èŷûʲôӣԭһֻë׵ĻϣֻתС۾
ֲһһ٣ȴִǰȥ
ǰûǣǵһء
ϸֻëƤɫ˳鶯ɣûһ˿׸⣬ֱע
ֲɻ󣺰˵ˣӦܵúܿɣôôʵأ
ܿ࣬ǵĺűһʯͷѹţѲáţͷ±ڣֲ˦β͡ףԼղŴɽϵʱҲʯͷ
ֲ̾һǰȥӣʯͷ
˵ĻǸϽ̧צ쵽ʹӣԼûʲô󰭣Դϸϸؿ
ֲеЦôߣ
ǵС۾żֲҵСһ峺ɾ
õڱѩ˸վ֮ɶϵѩƬǰУѩϰһСצӡβ͹һ£ʾֲߡ
ֲҲûж룬͸ȥˡ
룬ɽҰģûӦСʱҲбķ֣Ҳ
һͬ岽·ƹһ֦ѾԾĴſһ˵󲻴˵ССɽѡ
𿪶ڶŵҰݾվڶڻתȦüֲȥ
Ȼڶģֲüͷ̫ӡǲı飬ϽſڵҰݾƣҧһ֦ǹˮһ뵽ڸ
ֲ˹ȥ⴦ܷ磬Ӻܿů
ţĽʹɼ
ǻһֱûšһܵ˰Ӻ󣬿һֻë׵Сͷżֲ֣ʾ򿪡
ֲ򿪴ӣһһë׵ĶһһӦǶġ
ϲСǰУ
ɽNֻ
ɽNֻ
Nֻ
ССѼСС⬣ССҰ
룬ֲӯˣһֻǶڻһʳɡ
ֲ֣ʾߡ
ֲʱ鸴ӣǰҲŷСǳԲҰζǵ¡ƣҲҰζ
ǣ
ֲҸ㽲ñ״ɡ
ǣ
ֲθѾšһ齩ӲʯͷȻ˿ؽ
2020괺ǰ溺ʡһ˳ҰڸȾñ״ܿⲡȾȫġһʼֻһУһǧܸȾȵ21ʱѾ11822ȷﲡ
2003ĹУ˳һֻ꣬ҲǰSARSȾȫġ
ƶǶСצźס
ֲԼ֪ʶ
Ҹһݰɣֹ2020꣬г70%·ȾԴҰHIVԴڷ޵ĺɻ߰üǵ䡢жۺڷ޺ӣɳȲ˾
˼ܽᣬĿż㣺ҲҰζȫĵ඼ӦþܾҰζԴͷܺԼ졣ȫ棬ÿһԭúúûŵ˼ȥ
˵Щľ˼ֲĶӳһŮھƣߵصȥ                        
лҪ˵Ԥղأ
ȦжڸҴǮ
Ůѧƺ²ۣԱ춼ûб£绻ϡ
⻰ݼ֮ˡ
˵ϰ
ǣһӰۣﱻ˴
ܶɶݳϵǡ
죬ԸͿʮں졣
ϴ
Ůѧȵȣأĵгʲô
*
ӰۡȺԼᶨʱһƶŮѧÿǮ֡
ΪߵԼøùǷ׷׸ϴǮˣ׼Ѳ
Ƕ˯һеϤ֮ɤ˵㻳ǸĻ̶ȲߵСӣ
***
ĩҸһݰɡԴZAKERѶѶȶҰζĿա

2

ȵֲٶȻָʶС¯һȺĻվԼԣһſĺӣԭ峺Լ
ֲӣ׽ʣǿҰɽݮҧƹƤһ֭ˮĽĹһǻסͷ
ȳʮˣعڣڹ˼Ա߰ͰͳԼСֻ˵лˣӣܲǡģҲûжٿŰɣ
գգۣȥüֲСצѩף¶һԲԲӡ
һüһϰٿǧŵҰɽݮ
ֲۡһ
ǵѷװСĿմӳ˹ʾֲҰߡ
ֲж㡣ջҡҡͷ϶ǲеġ˭֪ɽϲôҰû˽͡һ鷳һ鷳ˡ
վƨɣаɣллҸûȥˡ
ʱѩԽԽڱǹ⻹Ҫѩżҹ
ֲһ±ǵλãԭӣ׵رϳӷҲ˴ŵĻسʱ䡣
ţã߱ġһĨǰףɽСԽԽϤĽӡԽԽࡣ
ֲȻOO@@ԭŤͷ˿һ˫һۡ
ѽһ˷ˣһӡ
ͻȻŤŤӣקһë׵Ķױһüֲ
һѣһſ񵰣ÿһŶࡢԲ󡢿ɰ
һӵϰɣȻˡôôôҳԵģֲǾ仰˵ꡣ
ֲӻнӹѡŤܵ
ѩҹһ棬ˮīΨһɫǾֹ鹹ҫʵ
*
ɽµѴմӳѩ񾲡
ϾӳǿڴˮֱͰһ̣غӣŻؼңżȥɡ
ֲ˵ͷ첽ȥһӦԭߵĵغϡ
ԭļûв˿ڲ࣬ҼһԺҲúܴ߹һ֮󣬹ͦһξ룬ŵڶҵĵؽ
˼ɨԺ洫ѩ
չ䣬ԭ14Ժӳǳ¾ɵľһдġ֣Ǵдġ
֨ѽһƿԺӴţӿֲ䡣
Ů˴пǻѩأúݵģҪһȥɽⲻ޶𣿡
͵غţﲻҲżȫҶ˶٣üֲ취Ҳġ
Ů˿޳ʲôֲ14갡ľһɽʲô취Ҹ˵ģ
̾һ˵ʲôûãһҪˣӶӳˣȥɽˣ
仰ֲȷԼжϡ
ĵﶼʵӣﻹеڼ˵ʲôȻһ֮ȻТ
û̡ǰԭҲ֪ӱǲûм䡣
߹һ˰Ӱǽǡÿļӡ
ͤͤվţ֮ǰް޿㣬кܶƶմѩˮ֪һ׷ʲô
ֲڵһˡ
һƵļ־ϲסŮɼˣһϲؼң֪ȥģ˺˵ɽȥˡ
ֲе˼
ǰʱ˵ְˣ绰ͨʵǣϰ߲С
ɿԾĻţŰѻﻤŵĶһţﲻǶ϶ôҲŵɽ
ֲԲſϣָڴִĨᡣֲȻˣӣôôľɽɽɰ˰
ֲҲ̫ϰ˶Լôޡ
ҪѴҶĹעתƵʳϣǴ˴ϵ˱ˣⲻû¶һһء
ϲ⡣۾гһ죺ӣһû˯ôһʰʰޡһˣһιˣǳ񵰡
˵գȥ˳
ֲŸϽﵽԷƾԭ䣬ᳵ·ش򿪳룬óһСɵϾӣúÿԼʲô
ԭôվӣԼֲҲ̫ԼģŻţòģһ㣬ŴĻ
ӴҳÿƯ
ֲӺ鲻ԽЦˣ󰡣
ȻԭԸľľģŴѧͦƴġ
ļֲ׿ˣɫ嵭˳ĽëգʱƬСɭ֡ͦıжΣһԸе¡ԱµɫӰ촽ֵɫˮģһס
ѵѵá
ֲգһ󣺡Ǹɶأ
6ĵܼܵӿԼһëͷƿ˵Ĵޱһģˡ
ֲһָۣԼǵôƯĴ˵Ҫһ𣿡
ܵܣôҽе֡
*
˵ϢûһˣҲˡ
һðϡ౻Χһߡչӣһʢ
ֲӦռԼ̽̽ͷ濴ԼÿӰֻСס
ϡǳ̬ʳڶ⼸죬С׵ֻԽԽ١ڣҶóڴĿ⿴һС۵񵰡
ӵļҼһȻݳƷܻǮܻӵľߡڼֲӡУƺֻе͵ܵܳԹΪϹܵΪ˳壬ͽˣֻгԼ˿
ԣ񵰣ϳ˵ӪƷǽļֵͬڶ˵ļֲң
ܼܵ񵰣۾ðĹâϽȥá
ȻžÿӴס죬ݶ񵰣ˣһ˳԰š
֪ܵܲʲôޣۣѾˣڴһǧɣֻ۾ġ
ͣ񵰣æһޣġԣݶҪԣ
һ֮˵䣬ҶˢˢżֲݶҲǼֲе顣
룬ȻȷʵİɣҪһֻǡңʵҲôˣϾ˼ʮҰɽݮ
ļȺģ˾䣺ҳһţǳľͺáΪ´Ҳͬ⣬ڲһ䣺ÿÿֻһᵨ̴ꡣ
Ƽݵȫ̴֪Ǹɶ
Ҷ˼ľļֲ˵ĵʲôžͱ˭ƿˡһ70ҵ̫̫˽վ߿ǳʲôüЦһţ̬ФƼֲϳԼϣԭļǵĮ֪ӱܻǲ롣
ϵӴ񵰰£ҵҰ񵰿̫ˡɵøһڡ͵ģ۶ӿ治
ֲƼؿ£ĬġԼĵظ̡
ϼ˵ղ˵ɶҶˣֲ˵ûٳԵ񵰣Ӫ㹻ˡأʣµ񵰣ӦøС塣
ֲ
оݣ飬ɽͷˮ۵ҪԲɲСǰã׳ǿѪεˮǶ
Ȼ񣺡ݶȥʣµˣСȥ
ֲоôһԼͷϡ                        
лҪ˵Ϲлл֧֣ŤŤȥղأ

3

˵񵰵¶ĬֲԲýһ̧ۿ˿ͷ̫СңƺҲûʲô׽񵰡
ֲʵڲҪǰԸ˵˵ˣûʲôͥλֱ˵ʱ룬ϡ˵аɣұˣҲóˡȥʣµġ
һ仰뿪ţȥ˾ʹȥǸԼ·͵԰
14Ů˳Ҷ˵ˣôܻ·͵أ
ȼ̶ֲ˳ȥֲ˵Ҷˣôʲô˵Ϳｲһ仰ȫҵ񵰶ˣ̾һֲֵѾͷôôľأȥֲ֪̾Ҳᷴԡ
ֲˣҿֲʵиȻôҵʲô񵰣
ǿеʵ˼ֲžˮ񵰡
뵵סүüֲЩӵİȫУŻԭ̺Сļ䡣
뵥Сһסڴ嶫ϣڹүү̵ӣƴѪģԼܳ谮𽥱һ豦УɶɶС
ж಻У
ڶ㹤֣һ׳ʮһ֣ҲҪֵտ˵ġһһһŤʵûнڣ˵ԼۡȥҲʶȥ׵տˣһȺйλһֵ١ͬʱ걾̼꣬Ҷ϶κˡ
ԭСͼֲǼһסģҪһ𰤶ҪԷһԷԲѾͷ˸СӣԷԽ⣬̾ͱʾҪּңСӵ
շּǻɣǺֲҾͲˡ̼ҳԵıǰ࣬һûһع衱ʳ
ɺ޵ǣΪֹҲԼСӷϲȻ˸˵ֲѾͷƬûãģһųԷ죬ҰԵöࡣ
ͼͷֻмֲһڼҶ´衱ʳڲ5mmСһžðĵϣżֲȥɽ
˵ûõѾͷƬûɶãȥɽԵģҲԵģͲҪˣ
ԭôʵͽɽȥˡ
ֲܹеԭ̣µ֡
ϣһĻ˵´ɸףϰëõһ˽ȥֿϸӣװ档ֲһ˳Ĭæļֲ˵ߵɽɵ߸أоȥû˯
ֲϽסǲУҵȥǶæǵĻɣﲻͦæôУҵȥҵķϲС塣
ԲŮզˡɶиϲ
*
ֲʱӣ˰ƴһǰҪ·ϳԵġ˵ȹչվܰѼͷιһʱͺˡ
ֲһɽ·һ߼㣬ҺڵķʽһͷҲŲ˶೤ʱ䣬
1.СֻѪɿѪվ
2.ҡС죬
3.䡣
ǰӶʵֲ֡̾һȻүԼңһЩʲô˻Իȵĸ÷ѷ
ɽ·Щ飬ãһ£ֲſɽȺɵȻǡ
ӵЩ׳ڿųͷȻǺÿͷ϶ð˰Ӿ¶پֱۡ
ֲСɽ£Լ£أ
´Ŵ˵壿ˣ
ֲһЦѽ˵ܱù֣Ҫޣҵûˡ
ҡҡͷʾ˵֪
ֲ˼ˣ˵û˵еӡȥҵͷɻӶӳӳüͷ𰸣ݣһͷҽˣ֪ء
ֲ룺⻹ǸɶɶС
֪ɽɽֲǱȥûǱߺ캿صġϡ˵ǹ˰ҲѪΪýשߣ
ֲÿӣ߽ڣڵԿԭΣ飬ûкúñϡ˾ǰг
ǼֲϱӵķСñ״ҲμɶԣѼֲȾλ
һģһǶһ˫ۣβ߸ߵıǼɫҪǴɫˣĨ˪һ
ģϿϲ
忴ֶŮˣߺӣǲҲ֪ˣϢ۴ˣҲŷأ
ֲżĽţ壬ˣЬҿ
ͻȻָ߽̫ˣҾ
Աߵ֪ȼǸˣ޻Ⱥһߣ14СˣͣҾ˵Ҫ忴˿ڣ˵۵ѲҪҪ۰ЬӸ
ֲż飬֪װ⡣ֱװԭľľǰȥһԣȻ岻ע⣬˫ץסЬӣʹһ
һ쳹ɽզ¶˵գסԼĽţСѾͷƬӵģȥȥȥȥҵĽšֲע⵽ָ޵øɾȫɻˡ
ֲ룺ֻǼ壬ʲôߵģҴСĸ߽߱ǽǵĵطû
뵽ֲӣһֻѸһһһͨȻ˶Ӧ
ſڼİ׾űֻһ1cmƤһЩѪ
壺
֪཭ȼ
ֲҾ˵װ⡣
ֲľľվԱߵҪߣ嵥űQϣ׷Ǽӵķҳɶ
ֲ˵˵Ϲ࣬Ҹġ𣿡
Ѫֻǰһ죬סֲ·ѾͷôôľôࣿǴµس˰ͷΪýѪ𿴾ѪҸ㣬ͷˣôҵĲŲأ
ֲɫ峺һߣ¶Լ첲һѸɺԵѪҲѪţ˵øأǲǸӦóԲŲˣ
Ǹ첲ϵѪԭɽʱϵġֲؼҺҲʹҴҴһ£Ѫ̵ĺۼпɼԱ߻дĺࡣ
忴ˣסˣȫ벻ֶŮ׼һ
ֶŮǹһЦݡԭɾ޹һƽ巢ֵĻֱ鲻ļֲ

ֲС岻ע⣬װ񵰵´ɸһ㣬ѸٵһŰֵ񵰶ڽȥ
壺㣿
ֲڶ񵰣ʲôңڳԲŲͰ
С˴Žȥ׷ֲ
ֲؿ壬ⲻҲû𣿡˵գͱ´ɸˡ
ֲһһĵĿİͰ͵ģŽŲ̫׷׷ˣֲյ´ɸףŴͣһţ񵰵ϣ㲻㣿                        
лҪ˵ƴү֪ô񵰣Ұȫµ񵰶㰡
ֲһġ
ƴүۻһֳԡү񣬱үĵ
ֲ
***
ȴղأ

4

ֲһ񵰣ţżֲ׼ֵʱ֪཭ȼϵذֿ
ȼѾԱ߶źܾˣֱֲͨ14ũСŮһһ֮Цݣ˴Ļ飬Ͱɽֳ֮ɾ͸С
˵ˣ㣬֪࣬㡣ֶԼֲ˹֣㣬
ֲҲ֪ԼΪʲôǰָͦӺģһƽ䡣Žȼȥ˸ݣݱǻްҳζ
ȼȥ򿪳룬ֲǱһҳǺÿ
ʲô˵
ȼûлش
ֲĬĺ󱳣´šȼ180ңվ˶ׯʣϸһۣްϾ򲹶Ҳ˳ԭɫ򣬲˴ۻҵġǮ˼ҵĺӣϷ¶һС鲱Ƥ֮ǰӦñúܺá
ȼһֱ˵ֲ룬վû¶ˣԶҵ̫ɽǰϻȥ
˺ȻתסֱۣӾ
ֲʲô
ȵȼպ˾ƾ޻˻ΣֲڷӦԭҪԼ
ȼĶᡣʹǰϸźǳһһ޳ָ޻򣬴ֲǵ˿ڣʣôģ
ֲشù򣺡Լ
վȤع۲Сˮ飬ɣ˹ظԼҲۣȫӡ
ǰ㡣ȼ˵
Ŷֲָһͣ٣û⣬Ȼȥ
ϴȣúܲһȼ˼ǣ̽ס
ЩһֲϣѸ첲ɴȥ
ȼĶ϶Ʊ⡣
ǰļֲȻģͬ˵Ҳ࣬ȣٺܶ˵Ķ
ǻļֲһŰֽһ
ڵǲɫġ
ӣƫԶƧֵط֪׳ʲô¶𣿡
ֲҡҡͷ
ȼ׳
ֵܷ¡
ֲ룬ЦЦһƵС¶ڱλΣýȼļһ
ֲްӷ׼⽨֪ʶҺ˵߶úܣһС⻰˵ȥ
뵽ʲô˵ôˣ˵ʱȫҲˣҪȫ֪ʶһĹũȺڽһٽ˵վˡ
ȼŸ첲Ĭ
*
ֲû⽭ȼĻԼǰһҲûʲô֤ݡҴɽĶǻؼҺô̹񵰵¶ˡ
ԭֲڼһûλûȨˣλС
֮ǰǰڸȦеĵλǮҳġ
ôڡԴ룺ҳѺòʱûʲôŵ㡣
Գ裬տˣɴ೶ɤӣ
żϸ£͡
żϵ򡣡

ԼԼˡ
14ԭɤüãһ˰ĸ裬ûͦ󣬾ԶһȺȸһСֻӰһֲû⡣
ٻһӣ˰죬ͻȻ֣ԭļһ׸Ҳᳪ
ľ
Լ˵˵ѺɤӺòӰȦô
ӳЦ
ֲôֶˡ
Ǹճôô
ھһԶҪһͷ
üͷܵһɴʹĶӿС󣬳˼ǴΣûƵظо
ֲָͦоģԭǸˣɵģǲƵġݱΪͷƿߣġ
˷ˣĬ˼ɽԶ׼Ʊ仺޻һһʧȴĹǡ
ϼЩɫǣſҫžȥ
ֲףʱǲڵģǸѪǡ룬һõȥˣټ·

ͻȻ䣬ϡӽǵĺ濴һһССӰӴӲԶ˹鶯ԼԽԽԽԽ
ֲϲ˵Ӵѽ
ֻǣֲǰԾůģСů¯һĲһ۾͸ϸϸ۲ı顣
ֲҶ
ͻȻһֻʲôŵֲǰ
ԭϲֵļֲһҲʲôѪʲô໵ؽгҲǺ˵ҲҰζ𰡰һºӰ
ǱƺǣֻкˡһСֲֻϴչȥ
ֲ໡һˡ

Ҳ֪˶ãֲ۾ǲ٣Լ֮ǰǸɽϡ
ʣе벻εǰʲôֻԼҪϽؼңҪżˡվеȲжͷԺ
ֻЩ
շᣬʶ׽ʲôͻȻе̧ǰſһë
ֲԼ֣໡һε֮ǰܹҡС֣·ڷʲô
Ȼˣ˵ξˡ
*
ٴ۾ֲԼһһߵģſڸ׵ĺϡĺ󱳼ʵٻţƴһӵķܡ
ܵĶϽ˵ˣȵȣϾȥҽ
ֲоѾˣ˵Ų˵û¶ż
ſǻ˵û¶û¶ѾͷԲ㡭Ҳû㣬죬ҪҳѰ㣬㶼ڰˡ糿ͺһϡǲǶιȥˣ
ֲůģ룬ԼĵȻТٻԼģڷ¶ҲԺ̲ô˳ӡ
˵ԣǶΡ
ͬʱӺϵظĻԽ֮ǰá

ֲ
ֲ˵ˡʵû¶ҲûжΣɣߣѾָˡ
żֲ治
ţҲ
ôε

ֲ˼ȥܼ˵Ҹ¶
ɶ¶
ֲؼҺܻ̿ʱһҪ˵Ƕεڰ·ϵġɱ˵Ҵã
һľľŮ̬ȼ۵л硣ú֣֪ʲôмǵãŷεŮʱԼĻңһ޴;
Ů˵ʲô
Ϊɶ¶ô˵УģǶεģ
˺þãֲίͰ͵ʣҸղŴãɶζҲ֪ǲǲˣܲһЩµĶҲˡ
ֵ˵ôˣǺôһҰɽݮζ
Ҳˡ
ģðóҰɽݮ                        
лҪ˵ֲҲѪκġ
***
ɽϴǰ߼ղأӣ

5

ش֮Ȼˡֲ˵ȥҽһ˼ҡ
ᳵ·ҿϣ굽ˡø첲һ¼ֲôôŻɽǶôʱ䣿
ֲòУ⣬֧źŪһ¡
·һڶ¶ȥ֪ûȼ𣿡룬˵ˣľľģÿιȥֻ˽¶ȫעˡ
ֲ
ֲЦҼȼˣǳͦߵǸ
һ¹⿴˵ʲôѽ
ûֲԼ·ܿĵƵģʲôҲزסˡһ£ñһᣬסԴ
ӱǳǳ˳㣬òá
ֲ
70派ӡ
òʲôȫ첲ȫǺãһи1cm˿ھ㲻ã
ֲǿӣ˵֪òãԼȥʰԼȥɽʲôʲô
ֲˡ
˺һֲżװӣ˵˾䣺ȼǲһ·ˡ
ֲѻ˵꣺һͲͨ˼ҺӣûǮˣǰҲǮ֡˴󡢼ʶ㡣ң֪綼뿪ģȼˣҲҸŮŮѣ㣬롣
ֲ˵˯ȥˡҲû⡣룬ôһʵͽãʲôȫӵĹﶼϲȼƯܸɣһȼܿأ
ʱһ졭ȼԼȥʡǣȥʶܱڴһǿ
ڶ糿컹ûһȥιͷţЩײһϡ̧ͷԼ۾ΪԼΡ
ȼôǰ
ֲˮ֮ŤȥԼҴŮ˫ƻһ죬˵һ仰
ֲԲżɽϵ֪࣬ģܿͦСǵϲϽ¹Ůӣȼ£˵ˮһ˺ȡ
ȼҡͷ˵ˣæ˾͵øϽߡ
ֲææʲôΪȼҼ˵¶ء
ȼһƤҩϣǸСɵΣҼֲеˣͦģ˺˵ûҩȾһҩϹģˣûȥ
ɶʱˣզ֪
ֲһֱĶ˳
ȼϱѹӡӣ¶һ˿ƵЦͳָҡ
*
ȼۣͷֲ˿ڣܵŮǳǳĺǵԼϡ
ϣһֱżֲǵ˿ڣ׷ʲô顣ּŮЦĺӴƽ治֪ӿʲôİ
Щ飬һŤȥһǣһڵ̫̫һӣɨһȦڳĿɷġ
Ǽֲˡ
һŶֲüͷƽ´ǷסҪ
ֻʼֲһ仰Ұ׵ͷһһģ
ӣ㣬첻͵񵰣ôȫˣһҲûԵ

ȷӦģǼֲ衣ƺȫ֪¶
񵰣Ū𣿼ֲʲô㲻ô͵񵰣
Ҳ̣ú룬ûŪˣֲ񵰵ġ
ֲ̺ǺЦһ
ʱˣＸάֲ
ԽԽߣӣԼ˵Щ񵰶ȥˣС컹˹ˣڼ۵ܲˣ˵ȫˡڶû𴲣ɶ˵϶ǶѪˣ
ȼʰ޾ƾָһͣԭ¶ֲҲǣСѾͷôءżֲôԼҽڡ
ֲ˴ģ޹ԣ񵰶ҳˡ
̵ɴ۾û
ֲֲú˵ô񵰣
ȼ㵹Ӧͦ
Ů˲ײĽǶ䡣
ֻоܽĽȼܾ۵ס
ҳˣҲ͵ԵѽǹĳԵġ
ָָȼ֤ǵǵ棬ڼǰԵġ
̣㻹ôˣô¶
ɼֲҲţմӴڴˮڳܣڣϽվԱߣŪô¶
ֲؽ̣ӿ϶û¶㲻ȥ壬ˡҾ͸ɡ
죬Ҵ񵰣ȥɽǶɻôҲҲ塣˼˵ˣЪأ
Ҿ룬񵰿ɵøϿ͹ȥѽǸ۴ˣŷģ
Ҳ˵ͷ֪ǿǲŷ
ֲ̣ǣһҲ࣬ҲûʲôǳͷСĿĵ˽Ѿϣ˸һֳȵƤ˼֪ɻˣ
ôһתۡ
߳ŭˣ㾻Ϲ˵ӣ㣡ջõһֲȥ

Բסۡ
¶ҲǷһˡ
Ȼһֻ޳ĹǽڷּʱסǸڰӾֱֲֻһֵʱ̡
ȼֹסӣ̧ͷȥ˲¶ںڵۣǺͻӵ˶ԾƬ̣
ãҾɽֲû˵
أȷûʲôҲûʲôˣǽ˵Ƥӳ˵͵һ١Ҳȷ㲻˵ȥʲô෹ŷ
⻰еΣֲܲ˵ꡣ
Ҳûţ֪࣬˺ü룬ԵǺö˶
ֲۡ
Բͼס򷢲
̻Ǿÿˤ¹ӣݺݵżֲͰȫˣһ峢
ֲգˮĴ۾ί˵Ҷ̣رܲˡ
ϣж
һֱûļǿˡ
죬ֲѾͷȷǶòˡ
ͷֲŪɽȥˣһҹû糿˼ңҲûʲôŻҪͷǵ񵰣Ҳ¶
˵ӾȻɤЩۿ죺
ӵ̫ɽҲûؼңＱȥɽ·⺢Ӷεɽ·ˣҪȥѰͶǶˣ
ֲﰵá治ڴڹ춣¶
ֲҲͷϷ¶
ԾġʲôҲ˲ˣ˵㿴Ƕˣͱٴʳˣнţ͸ź͵ôУһüֲɽһüֲ񵰣ҪﲻŮ𣡡
ϻһһģ߳ȥ߶߶šƨĹôθڣ˵ȥЦˡҶ֪ʵûҵĻû⡣
ȼһ˽˾ףæذѶʰ޵ҽҩԼͺԲ˵壬̣ˡ
Բ˺кøУȼǸˣлˣٺȼˮüѽ
ȼ˰֣òãǱ߻¶øϽȥ˵գ
뵽ʲô˵ֲͷ̫Ҳ̫ܿɴúòãһ£Ҷ⿴
ֲ˵ͷ˳ǣŽȼ˳ȥ
һذźһֱۣѲɴлˡ
ȼȴûüͷ߱úܽô¶죬ǰȥɽһûֶɽ·ô¶
ֲֵ˵¶ѽʵҲûʲô߰ˣ˺Լɡ
ȼüͷһ£һŪЦԾȻϣɣ
Ťͷˣñ˵ҲǣҾͦɵġ
ֲˣ϶вΪ֪ܡ
ŽȼıӰֲ˸θһģ¶ãһ뵽ǻϵ¡
죬ɽˡ                        
лҪ˵ƴүҽһ£Ϊʲôȼҵࡣ
ߣӡ
ƴүҼֲһҸɵ¶£ʲô
С˵꣬Ϊɵ¶£10µ֡
***
˵һ仰ȴղأ

6

ֲ˽ȼߣȻݸ˵һ¶Ѽ˶ˣ
񵰲ûȫߡ
ͷһ񵰵ʱʵȫ˷񵰶ôۿģôȫСأ
ԣʱֻһ֣ʣµľͶڳĲݶˡ
ֲ񵰣й˵ζ
ţѾӦżֲƭһΣ־Ȼв񵰣ͷùֵֹģ˵˵ӡ̫
ֲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô̫ˣӿһء

ֲ￴⣬ʵû˽ˣһѼֲе񵰷ŵľ룬ϲİơ
ѹ·±˷ҳԴƵ˵
񵰾͸ǳԣǺúõس񵰣
ֲϣȼʢ࣬СȰȻƭ˲̫ԣĲø塣֪𣬲Ͷǻġ
СܼѾϴɾСˣ˹˵ʲô˵ʲôͶ񫣿
ֲѽԽŬˣԽܹĳɹڼˣǷãб˲׬˵žܳ񵰣ԺﻹҪúøɻˣӦö٣һ񵰶ܳԡ
һ⻰ǻͦʣҲȷеǼֲͬŵͷ
ֲҲǣӣ߸˵˵ǿɾԣ
СܼȻǲ̫ףԼýǸ󹦳һ񵰷ŵֲߣ㣬ԣ
ֲѾ˲ٿˣҲǼذԼøҡСһ߳һݣó԰ģɳɳģ㣬ôô컹ɽȥһ𣿡
Ц㵱ţһɽ͵ˣ
ֲ˼°ͣ˭˵ܰܡ
Ůզľȥˣղſͦ

һߣͷһɨ׷壺͵͵ˣûԵ񵰣һɣ
ƨϴ˭ȥûȤģ¶Ƕ㣿ﱾкɣǵûȥ˼Ҫ񵰣
ֽŶ£ɨˤˡ
*
ֲ׼ɽˣ˵Ҫ񵰡
ϴɽʲôҲûο׼˺ð졣
ñӹˮ˼һСֽ￴ЩֵֹĶɻ󡣰ǹŮ˵ôģôҵˣ
Уֽ⣬һҪʲôġ
ҪֽͱʣмСҪɶ
ֲŵӣǷİɣҾȥɽϻλΣô͵͵ͲҲͻˡο϶ǰĲˡ
ȼֲ߳ȥϱԲԴ˵ۺûɡĲ˰ɣ
Բŭ㾻Ϲ˵ɶ
ֲһžˡκ˿ȥɽһǣ¸Ĩһɿ졣
ֻɽһˣӳĶӳ
ͬ䣬ԭļԼӳӣ־üֲ۸ԼأݣֲԽʱ򣬾Ҫܿû뵽ɽϼˡ
СڹͺͺʲôݴԸOO@@춯üһǷһȤʲôֲһ㣬վס
ֲͣסֽӵһɸɱĺӣʶڵιõġ˳Բ˵ĺӡ
һƦĳּһֲ϶£һܣͶ㿪ˡ
ǰ۸ֲûʧֲֹ㿪ˣգֱǰվס
ֲվס˰վÿˡ
Ȱֲ׼Ĳֲԭļƶϣ׼ѶĶǰѧõʱôԼһ鵹ѧõĺޡ
ֲ˼һãס֣Ū໴С
զ¶
ֲĻУ԰ԣӻұȣӳ˲ˣ˽ѧ𣿡
ʲôԣʲôã
ֲʹټȥ˾ˣ֣Ļң˼ʣһûء
ʹԼ󣬷߷ߵ߿µ֪֪Ҳ㡣
ֲԹԵؼɽߣں治Ц˵ˡҶ϶ٶˣҲûɶˡñ˻ݣʱóȥ
ֲüͷȸ¡֮ǽŵĨһɽɵÿ˦˳ǡ
*
ɽĳɽŵӸӲã͸ľ϶͸ִԽһֲ¶γһĹֲǶ
űѩѹĲݣ֮ǰ߹ĵֲһ·϶ǡ
ǿԼʯͷǿôи߸ߵ±ڣΪԼߴˡ
վڻǶڽлǣǣ
ûз
ƣƣ
û
ҶˣѽҪˣ
һ䣬ԶɿݵĲݴԸOO@@һΣǰ续һĻѩʱɫʻ
СֻգųһĴ۾СצӣֲһԲĶ
ǿСӡ
ֲеЦҰɽݮһ߶Һ㣬㲻Һͳ
գգ۶ǰצͷ
һֵֻ°ϣˣ´סҺ㰢ƣͳҺ㣬Ȼġ
˼¡
ֲѲĶóֽͱʣ˵ƣϴҳԺӣúýġ
֪Ժжķ2019꣬Ϲ˾רһȷϵ˷ߣʱ׶ö˶ȾˡΪʲô˵˷أΪǳԺӣ˵ߣܶ࣬簥ĶﶼΪʲôҺ̡캵̡ϲź̡
Ժӣ˿ܻȾߣпܵߡѪߡƤߡ߻бߡ
һֲⲡʲôʱӣпܱҴȾ
ֲԺԺ𣿡
ҡҡͷﻹССظŻһ
عƣǿ㶴ĺӶôôҲ10ֻɡ
ǷɿشܵѨϳһֻӣŴӿڣǲ˼üֲƵģʹͷݺݵԶߡ
ֲŵظȥȻǰѴĶһһչԴȥһۣκĹȥˣֻļҰǰϿĻҺ̡캵̡ϲź̡
ΪɶôҳԵģ
ϲô¶                        
лҪ˵ƴүҵʵ˵ԣһ˵㡣
ֲ
ƴүĳЩʵҲϲ˵ϲС
ֲ
***
¹ڡߡԴȡ԰ٶȰٿƴ
***
УΣϲСɰһҪղңӣ

7

ֲʮֻͷСǡϲź̡󾪴ˡ
ǿ۾㵣һ۾գգͣβһԾҪһѡ
ֲֽʻţ̽ĿգҲ϶ܳԵģܴȾȮñ״
ܵѨקһŴڣݺݵѵǸǶ
ֲﻹй𣿹׳ΪSARSȶֲмЯڼ棬ë桢˹ֳȣ˷β񾭡
ǼܵѨϳȥ
ֲѾòˣŶȥ㻹дɽ𣿴ɽкöּ棬عȡQȺͳѪȣڵļγ桢桢г桢ëȣ˳θļסס׵Ȳ֢
קգۡϳȥ
ֲ̱ڵϡ
㵽Ǹʲôҵڡ
ǲ˵ʲôܻһӵġ
ǲֲǰٸнı飬ĵϥǰСԴֽʣҪµʲô
ֲŪЩԵģ
ҡҡͷ̫ס
ֲСӣԺɱȥˣҲܸңƽǵöãԼʵˣ㲻ǸǸ󱦲ءֻ㣬㲻ܵܡ
غףֵͷ
ֲˡѲӴ򿪣óС᣺ˣλأͦģԺҽֿɺãԭӢСá˵÷Ϊ˱羭òƲѩȺĹ¡
ǿᣬء֨֨иû꣬۾ð˹âڵϹNȦ
ֲϲ
ǣ֨֨֨֨֨֨֨֨
ֲ´λҸ㽲¡
ԻǸһ̽ȥ˫ּС첲Ҹ£ŵԼϥϡ
ط֣Сֻͦģһè࣬Ǳèļʵ£С
Ƿǳ˳СԴ˲ֲģС¯һůżֲȻȲҪֲ¡
ֲظţ196429գСԸ£Ϊӷ384ֻ򡭡
ʱ仺ȥ
̫𽥴ɽɽֵɽϣ΢΢бȥ
һһǳСõ˰гֱֲŻǵĶƤһССֻżضһ¡
ֲ
Ŀģư
ֲΪʱѾĳЩˣֵ˵ʱ򣬻е˵ڡ
㻹Ҽ˶ͦġ㻹кҼҲеԲĺɱ۶ҲС
ԭǸԺȵĸû˵ʳҪʳ˵ôεľӣϹŲ˼Цݡ
վСצ˸ȭԼţѨ
*
ֲŸɽģŸΪ˷ֹ˿ʹøֲϵҼ辶·ؼҡ
ԼҺͰһɽ±ڣ˴ţԣֲ±ʵݵʱ򣬰Ь׶ĺԲһ
˵ĽģԺŶû
ֲʳָ촽ϡꡱһ£ŰŽڵϣͶ
黨õ񵰴һӡ
N
ƺõN
ԲǾϲȻǾţͷһգָѪӣ
ӣⶼǴģ
Ҳ̫ˡ
˵񵰣һѾѾˣɽǰֱ֤˵ٴһЩĴôࡣôõ¶
˵飬һιõģСָɣûԵģһڵ﷭ϰҵһݴﺢ˵ɽµĵﵽɽϵСͷӷǳ
ֵݣʲôʱڣˣŪô͵ݣҲܶڣÿɿˣ
ֲû˵Ŵ򿪣ǼһµĶðһ仰ϣǹֲ
ֲ
ѹԵｲЩأȷȻ˼ʡҪһ̫࣬һһؼӲͣóȻ󾡿ջվڶǴġǲҪʣҲ˵ҲҪҡ˵ࡢ֣أǷҪʣǾҲûĺ¶ˡ
Բȵͷ˶ӣ֪ˣȥɽæ죬ϴֳԵ㶫
ȼֲȥʱ򣬺ԲżԺţȷϼֲŸ˵ȥ۴ˮǶһȦǱӶ࣬Ҳÿʣû˭ˡ
ɫأɫްһУʡŲ͵ģֲѾͷͦʵôݣ˭һ
ԲСߴ٣ȥȥﲻ̤ʵ
ߣҿ͵ģǹˡ
ԲۿЦҡ⽨ţȥӾٱ㣡
Լͷźݣֲڣ£ɸСȣںԲϣϱû˼Ҷ˵ҪûĻ
ɻŨòŪۼֲ޳ˣ
*
һһ磬ֲżȥȦһСɶ˽ȥòӺʳ˰衣
Ŀ񱧷ţҵѸ죬ϵԲģŴʵǻڴĻ
֮ǰ˭֪رݣΪ˿죬ǻȦ˸ݶӲľǡ
ֲԵúܻ죬˾䣺ǲǳԵеˣ᲻ţ
ЦǰûιͲ֪ˣۼиؾٳǰҪԵñġΪջվǱ߳˸ҪĶӣֵȼ
ֲӷֵȼ
ͷԣǻһӣúܴʵ;úã͸ߡģ͵͡ۼôÿǰι󱥣װɣһͿ϶Ǹ߼ˡ
ֲȻ򡣸ιƹԺӽţڴش˵ҽҲҪȥҶûģ
䣬ͷ¸µЦӶӳĶӳ
ӴҽҲѽ˼𣿾ߵϾͶ˰ɣƤˣֻйǼӰɣ
ֲǸҲ֣߳Ժӣ˵ҲܲܲҰ峵һȥҲ֪ģҼرݣռ˶ٷֻƤǼҲϾҼ̫ˡ
ͷУ룺ֲôôľˣû𣬻ҪҼһľ峵ʱҿҵЦˡ                        
лҪ˵¹𡢹ꡢɽ׵ĿȡԡӪձġս顤ر𱨸桷

8

ֲʱȥ̽峵æ˵ȥ̽裬ӳҲǹ
ͺԲֲ·𿴵ʲôþ֣Ǵӳ˵ģǳ˵ģͬѧ𡣡
ֲĵǳְ۸㣬ôôˣ
ĵĳѾڻؼ·Ц˻ܶͬѧˮˣһ˵
ֲǴӽҲҪˣ˵ҪҼҰ峵
ͬѧЦ
ǰǻ˵ݳƤô
԰԰Ұ峵Ǵˣ
ʢԼȥӭΧۣݳɺʲô

ӳ¶ӳȻ֪ɶƽæţҲӱ˶˵۸ֲҲȥϸ룬ʹ٣ΪͺӵСС֡
죬ӽ˼ţ˵ҪһӦǶӿ㳤ˣ֪Žͬѧˡ
ȻǵڶӦͷ
ڰ֣û¶ĵ㲻֪𣬼ֲҵرݣøСһ
ڿЦͷѾŵòű߶ˡ
¶ӳȷϣֲѾܾˣֱ֣ûʲôι̾ŶԼƳ峵
˼ֲңֲȦհãͷĳ¶ӳæ˵¶ӳ֣̫Ū̫ˡ
ʱ뿴Ц
ʲôŪʲô̫ǼֲͷԼûɡ
ֱͼֲذ̧ŵ峵ϡԱߵſֵͬѧɴ۾԰˵õƤأ˵õıأǼֲҵҵ˰
´ӳôһͷߺ߽иû꣬ɽһźţ׳СȻקŶӶһţҽͽͣгС
ֲ֪Լҵ̫ˣ̫˼ֵܣͦصģֻ峵ɡ
´ӳµãС
*
ߵվҪһͷ
ͷո׵չҫ·˶⣬ȻֲԼû߹ôĵ׷СܳĦгҹڴϻεһȥĳӱŮڵҲζ
ͺ񣬿Աλ۵ĿΣͷˡ
ǷǷ߹ȥ˵ʵҲͦʵģҪôɥ
ҧгݵ㾿ιʲô
ֲȻ˵һֻǵĹͣһӣؽʵιĶһģһҼԵģ˳ԵĶࡣ
Ӳˡ
ߵ˹վͷܶŶ˿峵̲ס룬ͷֵ֣һͷɡ
ݺݵС˵ʲôã϶֡
˭룬һιĺʱãӳŵùĹҵġ˰쵽һַǳʵʱϲЦտڼ˵ϵѵõϵúܽʵ
ֿԼ˳ӣһһеȣе֣
ԼĶ䣬絽źǿһ㳤ģôеȡżسɤӺ˸ɣ϶ʺѶˣҼͦʵģ
ֲۡЦ
ȺŵǮˣ10ԪƱڼָⷭɣǮ100飬һũһľˡŵôˣͻȻһ¶ܸܲ1Ǯ
ҪǮʲô
ֲյߣۼǶһˣųôõģҵøлл
¶ˣȻ֮ǰŮô϶иǿġ̨Ӧñֻ̨ԥ1Ǯܴλ
˹Ů10Ǯ룬ǸʲôӦúôϹϹ
ֲӵǮĿߵջվſڵ̯ϣдšѧѧ֪ʶʶֶϾιȻˡ
ѧ̯ԭʽΪũֵı࣬ƾԼľ飬ûʱҲûǸȥ顣ҲǼֲϸµȿ棬ٿĿ¼Ű档ĵʱˣһ88ֵġչҵľ顷
ⱾʵͼĲïЩطƴСһֱܵ˽ | 䡢СƷȵȡ
ֲʣµľſһëһ񼣺Ȿ顭͸˼ң˰飿
ֲݸرϲء
һȣѹǱֻһ۶ǿǶˡ˵ߵ̯ˡץ·߶ٽչСҩ
´ӳ⸱ָжӿû˭ôģŮ˱ʵãѿѧ֪ʶͶ뵽Ͷȥæúúֲͬѧѧϰֲͬѧδ޿ɹ
ͷϣʲôЦѧϰҵóΪȫѧõЦ
´ӳ˳һƣ㿴úÿֲͬѧôɫѧ鼮ͽѧģ㣬ˣ㲻ѧϰ𣿡
ĥź
룬ֲţ㴺⣬´ҿɵúú㡣
*
ڻس·ϣֲߵһ룬ͺʹ˵Ҫæ뿪ˡһЩ·չһЩӣû˶ֱѺɽϡ
ȻĽΪ·Ѿز㣬ҪλСѣýɽϵĹͺͺľĵ׳˴ѿűϵĻѩŲõĹâ
˺һɽ´ĸO@춯ԽԽСԱø⾲ףֻʣԼµɳɳȵͷƫߣڵִǸϤɽ
ֲϲأƣƣ
û
ѽҶҶ
ܳˡ
ֲʲôʱܻźţ
СɵĻһ˳ֲǰӵ۾գգͣһüֲһľٶ
ǣදСɵֻ֨֨лȻڷˣԪ
ֲ
˵𣿣
ֲһǺ⡣
ԭ˼ҲˣⱾͲͨĻǡŪôԵģ˵ҪӾ͸ӣ˵Ҫ͸ϲ顭ôѧῪ˵Ҳ˳ˡ
ǿţظšԪѨóһͰ͵ĻᣬСצӸָšֲˣ˵ǡԭӢСã
Լľ飬ȥʹǵСԴ޵Ҿͽ̹һ飬ˡٸҶһ飬ǡԭӢСá
ҧ׼ȷˣԭ
ֲֳͳСͳһ
ѧż㿴ҽ컹ô顣
ÿζһЩѧһЩϾͻΪȫ֪ʶĻˡ
ǹ˳ֲһչҵľ顷̲ס˷ܵ֨֨֨
ֲϿץʱ䣬һҳһҳţһֲ䣬˵ͼϵ顣ϴһģഺеĳɽȪһö
˰ͷ󣬻ǷֲּЩɤӸɬȥСצҰɽݮԡ

ͷⱾֲ֮ģǿ׻׻ѧ᲻뿪
ţһ£Ҿˡ
˭ϣһҳֲʶضǼ֣Ľ|䡣꣬ͼĵġ
ֲСһ죬ٰһȥ飬ǵԴվ
˲ˣⲿֲˣҪˡ
ͻȻվһֻСצӳסֲϣҧֲ˵Ҫѧ
ٷҳ˵ͼҪ㽻|                         
лҪ˵ұд1974ôддűˡ
*
Сѡּղأ֨֨֨֨

˳ʴңⱾ鵽ڶû񣬵ÿ춼ղأôҵҵѽ
ǴӡbossǱأ
Ǵĵıǩҵأ

9

治ɫ˵Ȼ֮ʣֲƤӶҪѪˡ
Ѹٴгչҵľ顷£ǰСֻԴݺһ¡
ͷܽǴϵԴﶼװʲôѽ
ǱõίͰ͵ϣԴ֨֨֨С
ֲЩĲ̣ҲǣȰɣǸȫеЩ£Ż򽻸ķܱˡȻɣҲ|ֳ롯|ֳף
һ±ơ
İĿѧ̬ȣգ|ֳأǲͬĶǲܽ|ġʹܽ|䣬ҲܲǺҲˡٸӰɣ׽ôСûС⬺Сܷܺİɡ
Ҳ֪ܲȻһԴ߰ˣʵʵѧĿѧ֪ʶ
˵գվ뿪˻ǵĶѨ
ؼҵ·ϣֺֺЦҪ֪ǰǸʱ֮佲Ҳͦģǻû˸׹֡˭뵽ڴԽһСãôøǸĪرˣ
Ҳ֪ʨһһ޻Ǻһޣû׼¶ͦ򵥵ģø˭ܱ׶ܷܺƵġ
װЩ߰ɽ뵽ԼһҪ⣺һʳˡ
*
˼ţĵģֲûֻԷţڱͷһëҰס
ֲ￩һôˣ
Сܷˣǳãˡ
ֲ촽һ¼Ķͷզ¶ҽ𣿡
Ŵۼҿˣǳҽ˵Сܿر飬ԲãֿͲô׷ա˼ƬAPCͿڷȲݣ˵ǳ֮ơ
ֲŶԵⰡ۵ǲͿ
ָͷꡱһ
ɵǮҲ򲻵ǰַһҪƱǮأһһѣҲþϸá˵̺Сˣ۸Ǯˡ
Ǹ۵ȥɽϦˣ˵СȥɽϦ
ֲ̫ףͣѴ߼ʮؾɽϦʡȪУ˵ǱС󻻰棬һСܻ˼ʮ·ѣ̽˰峵ûسɽϦˡ
ʹѹ˵ΪСܡɲҪ߱˰¶͵͵ģģñ֪ˡ
ڣ˾͹ľġ
ԲһһէֻҪڷߣ;ǲõϢڼţĵܵܣÿ5ӾҪһ£Σ¾ܽƵġ
ڣҲû˴ˮˡڶһ磬ֲԸͰŴˮ軹˺þã·ϲҪغͱ죬Ѱְֳŵ¶§ȥ
ֲտʼҲû⡣ų⣬Ͱߵúܿ죬ôˮͺܵػش𣺡Ťˣ
Ȼţһ״¶ߵͷʱϾ͵˾Ƕˣ·˳
ֻŵӣͰľˮһһȲţؼҵ·ϸϡ
ֲĵһôһܡ˭֪ŲǶʱ̧·ʱһͷļֲԼѵһ̣߹Ƚס
Ӵǣֲôôˬô࣬Ӧͦ˵𣿡
Ȼֲǲˬûɶġ
ûף쿴ֲ鲻̫ˬʺ¶ʹռֲϣааģôˮˣأŶ~~ͻȻȻı飬Ҳµˣʳȥ˰ɣ
ֲļһô֪£ô֪
ҲˣŻʳҲ٣Ϣô϶¶ǰû֤ݣҲũڷûôܹ
ǰųôڵ˵ˮͰָݺݵݽĻްѹô˵ɶأ㡪졣
ȫ壬ԽԽ󣺡ôˣ˵˰ɣȥɽϦʳȥˣ
ԽԽ󣬲ֹ˸ֻڵŵȸ·ĴĿ
ֲûܹԭȵ磬аѱڱϵĸܡô˵Լ֪˽£ʱѪӿ
һֻ˳һơ
һưѳˡ
˵˲Ǵӳӣֻ۸˵ķݶôֲô˶Ҵˣ Ϊ¶Żְһƣŭ죬룬첻ʰ˼ֲʲˡ
£ͳԼĸ첲ȥֲһȭȻȭ˸ա

˰Ӻ
ֵļֲǺ˵˽̣ӳ˲𣿡

ٹ˰Ӻ
Ҫһ조͵ŻʳִԴϰһ͸
ԭǼֲ֪ɶʱͰһͰǵˮѳԿϽ˸ȫ

ʮĺӴҪץżֲͷֲַ֣ȣöվԱߵͼֲֿȥǵĵɣǵסڴһ֪ͨˣѪˡ
ʮıũ壬ûаȣҲûй㲥վʱʲôָߴʲô¼ҪһվڷϣԶҪԶһˣҲվڷϼŴ
ǣǸ£һָɷһӴͷ쳹β
ͷ˼ֲӣ¾ܵԼݶϣԶȫעˣȫעˡ
ȫ䡣
һ䴫
ͷ¶ˡ
ͷ¶ˡ
ͷ¶ˡ
ֲͳˣ
ֲͳˣ
ֲͳˣ
Բͳ¶ӳڸԼ㲥˳ȸϵͷֲͳŤһŲɿϺѪ
ԲһЩԴըˣ¶ӳ㿴Һ۸ֲ㿴㺢ӶҼҼֲѪˣ
¶ӳѶӺͼֲֿŶŸ˵Ǽֲȶֵģһƣ³³ģ˵Ļ̫
¶ӳǰ˵۸ֲû⣬ϴһΪѧŽѰˣֲֿѧϰĻ֪ʶѾͷкøУܴŶѧѧá
˭֪Բģⶼ˴Ѫˣ
һĵӺϣҲ˭ȶ֣ҵǸСӴŮѪˣϢ˰
ŵؿŸףܵˡ
¶ӳɣһԲͼֲǸȥǰԲһƱ
ûӰˣԲ۵ؿŮ
ſţһ⣺ŮȫβȫģȫҲ˿ڡֲʲô͵ţЩҵģǳġ
ԲѪ
ĸŮ´ˮſڸϡԲСʼֲ׷ʲôֲҲû˵˵˵˲˵¶Ժ϶Ҳ˵ˡ
ԲԺҪעŽģһŮӣشӮֻǽң첲ȵģԺ϶򲻹ġ
䣬˺
ȥˣˣˣ
ŴģŴģѾˣѾˣ
ֲ˵İɡùҺͳ˵ˣԺһΣҾж첲һΡ
*
ֲͺԲߵſڣԺһĸߴ˶˴µ˫ȱֱȫǴӵӷ׸С͸űˣĿ
ȼǶԺԲá
ȻһǱļֲ˵
ǷɽˣΪҪ´ʲôָأһ䴫ȥˡ
һȥæأôţܴͦ򰡣Ӯˣ
ֲ
Ҳ֪˵ɶֽȼһֻҰɽɽëɫý׳
˿ɻ󣺡ɽ׽ģ֪໹Ȿ£
ȼæɽԲȥ׽ġſڱQ
󣬴ͷֻмֲ˵˵׳ɣҰţ񣬻ʲô˼                        
лҪ˵ֲҶǴϵ
ƴүࣿٹ꣬ϵͰ͸ˡ
*
һǸҰְָҽȥдġ
һͷһѣҪϸˮˣڵʱ
ĵ糿Աӣȥϵ̼ҵĶؾ

10

峿ſ˵ü۶һ㵭ɽȼùȥ̽ͬӿ
ֲĬȼЩʵ˵ʶĸˣ
ֲһĽȼ󱳣һЦ磬ҾǸô
˵գ͸źԲԺ
ȼԭ·ڰĹӾڹĤӡŷżֲЦݣǾ䡰ô°΢΢ŮԼ鶯յƵ峿
ȼ̾ҲӣżֲͺԲš
Ѿúܾˣڽⲽ˻ˣϿҪ˹ȥʼֲզ¶ôֵüҼҷ϶ˡ
һ̧ۣ˵һŤ𴦣磬ôҲˣ
ֲҲҪʡ
ڣҶĬر̸ܶܵ¶ΣȼĿġ
ȼӹдšΪ񡱵´ˮͻؽ
ɽġۼֲιһΣ׵Ѫǣ׷ȥĻ˴
˵ţɫͳһ龫鵽Сľϡ
Ҿʹ˵Ȼɣٹܵá
ԲзӦأòǮɣɱƹȥ
ӵشƫԶƶϢʵܲҲֻһ龫ǸһһۿسźȵģʵûĴ󷽡ݡߡѡֱһ˵ġ
Ҳ۾С˵еģ֪ʳҲһ㣬ɱǡ
ůԽȼЩ˵ܾһŶԼЩϵðڻҲޱȸжޱ֪ˡ
ȼûѹƣǱ𵱻¶ǼҲȷʵȱԵ𡣡
ֲ˾죺ˣҲˣŰɡ
Էһ°ͣȼͣ
龫ʵɣͦʱġСܼգҽ˵Ƕˣֵֿġڶûá
ţǣⶫҲͣǲԵ޹ĶȻͷʳɿˣóԵĶ㡣
شúԲͼûʱȥ˼Ҳ֪Լɶʱʳɿ졣
Ȼȼ۵ײһ߲Ľ滺УʳɿˣñĳԵĻҡ
˵գﴧżֲ̬ȣɫǳ︻ӵܳĲ⡪һ޺ȵôȥʲô
ȼ˵Լ飬ȥ˷ţֲԼ˿ڡڸסķ˿¶һСҫ۵İףȼɫһֻ˵пࡣ
üһǰô֪ôܴ򣿳Ѿʣȫ¾ֻࣿ
Ʋʾ˵

аɣˣڰ֣ԺţͻȻһ£ιСǰǲǾ龫
ʵǲܺŽ龫ɫüթһթ
ֲ
˵˾ʵûûȹ
ʱ龫ȸҶࡣ
ȼ˵̤ɢȥĳɽ
*
龫ڿƣǵԭθڵļ¿ˮ
ԲֻССһ룬Լűˣһڲ̣ŽС
һκֶϢԼӿǻθ˵ϵ˵ɶ
ԲЦӯӯģǺöƷʱӷ飬ͺȹ龫᲻򣬵ˣŸ˰ɣҲǲ龫
˵˵ҺˣվˣҲˣûˡ
ԲЦǰϣܵܣԼȥʰҰˡ

ҹԺš֨ѽһ죬ԺڴO@춯Բʱӿ˼µأж峵һһİ￻
ԲʱˣⰲȫˣҲʲôûг¶ĺ¶
Ͻݣûдȣϴ֣뱼ԷһۣСû
Բסȥˣˣ˯ء
ǽŵʣǶˣǳСϡ
ԲԼҺӲڣ򵥵ۼҶţԺҲˣۼһƱ
ţ
Բָſϣۻ龫

ԲЦ¶һǳԵĲЩȥû𣬽˼ͷдֻʣµܳԺü졣
ΪԼΣʹԼ
ԲµĲͱͱüϿȻڱｲ˽췢¶ϲüң档
˯ƤӣԺԲ߶߶ҲˣļҲ˵ģ˵ֲӦԲŶ԰һڶԡ
Բ˸§סѾͷɶ˼ء
*
һ˴ֲԲһһŵİӣһϡӲӵðŪô۳ġ
һĿϧ׵ʳֲϸϸؾ׽ţֻеƽͨ涼ŨŨڸһڵʱ򣬱ԵƤݵĴ͸ըĽ㣬Ϸ
ǰرȰ࣬ɤӡ
ڣҲ֪ԭӦֻǲǰһֻʵ޻İѵõζ
翪һҰɽӷŨŨԺǡ
һ黹Ũļ⣬΢۷УֻоȸԾҸһֱ嵽Թ϶
ͼӼצϵĽ˿ͼƤҪϸϸ޸ɾ޲ðѽŨĹͷҲʵˣҪ˱ָͷǼˡ
ϱ˯ʱġ߽ֲԼ⡣
ʱû⣬һȻˡ
ֲֻüһ˱Ǽһһİӣеüġִž86ġμǡᷢıǲܽŮ|ɫɮŮǰűʹ
ˡ
ӣҵһС鼦࣬еֲǰ
ӣΪɶԼ֮ǰˣھͲˣ⼦Ĳȡ
֮ǰˣþò磬ͻȻ廨⣬졣
ֲרĿбӣ⧲һ鼦ģü͵һ£ϽлصȥûУֻǲԡ
żֲĶӣֵûоöۣ֮ǰգ˸ף˾Ͳ̫֬Ͷġ
ֲҡҡͷĶۣҺõúܡ
˺Բһۣ˶̲סˣֲ죺ȻģҲʵʵԵǲʡҳԣôడŮ
ֲ촽һһܣЩҵľʣ·˺ܴ˼붷һ㿪ǿļģ
ҲҰζ
ǳԣҲԡ
ҲԣҲԣ뿴ңƯļ֡
ˣ                        
лҪ˵ղصСС˹ȥ

11

ŨζӼֲƮԶĿǹ߲·ջ
ҳԼʱ򣬺ö˼Ҿŵˡⲻǳ£ܿʹ˼ֲ̼ҡ϶˳Լ˼Ȼϴڼֲռ·磬ز̫Ըȥֵ֣ʱ㣬ŸСֲҡ
岻Ҫ¶ȵشһǳľ£Ϊ䷺˼ƤһԺţֲ˵⡣
ůķڣһİƣ˵㲻⣬ðǷݶң
⻰Ǳʶüͷֲ̧ۿͷ͹ˮģ˿ƶ2020ķСֵ࣬ûš
С󣬼ֲΪҲûʲôҪһòǳúãһúá2020ֲʱȾñ״סԺĤ˾Ȼ
ȻҲͦݰģǸˡ
ֲС壬ֿ˸ĸһۣȻش𣺡尡۵ý⼦Ҫǲˣһܸ˳ԡҪݶ㣬ܸɶ
סˡ
ʳǲͶĻҪҶأ
ֲίգۣķһָ壬ҼҶˡҪǶòˣܰµļ˳𣿡
ʱˣ԰壬µļʵɽˮˣܵð¶١
ֲҰɽֻµļΪǿ
ӣһֻµļҼ൱С⡣᲻óԵģǶҪǮкӵľߡżôһأҲǸ׳к
ǱƵ·ķݶϣ治µļ
ҰɽҲµļ벻һ
ǲɳļֲܳԣӹ๾еֱż˵˻˻壬㲻֪Т˳ĵ⼦ҲҪ̳Եģ
Բ˰죬һǰֲֳԵģﶼں˵żߵ·˲׵ģС廹ôֱּι˹
Բͼ֨Դģȫܴ߼˵
ֲίͰ͵ؿС壬ͷʹ̨ʣ尡һֻһֻȫҿɾͶˣҲӼǣʱȫˣôТ˳أ
Т˳Т˳Ҳ˾ϰףǵ¶ǰҲ¶ѽҺ͵ܵܶôס
ԲͼȻʣĽ˳·ֲһؽ壬ͻȻ֮ǰҲҲ˵϶ˣ˼Һһң´׼ҵѽףһƽûʱ򣡡
Խ˵ԽԼеֲɴվѽҲԱˡɴղײհɣھȥҵļ˵žķȥõ˭ҲŲ˵š
СɫһףǷӦ˹ϾͳסֲӣѾͷôôľµ˲ˣҲ˻𣡡
ǰɭɭĲ˵һۣžˡţѾͷķ辢ûûˡ
ֲؼԣСܶЦûʲô顣
˼룬Բźͼ˵ʵأȷʵҲֲ˼⡣üֲ극ȥ˭뵽Сô
ڵ˵ãԲ֪ﶼɶˡ

Ǳߣֻصңֱ׷Ŵ
ôֱֲסˣҾ;һһ׵ģҲǺ˵˼ȥڲܶ϶ٵģ
ʲôµļ尡ɳİɣ
*
˳Թ緹֮һԲĶƤݴ󿻣̫ĺɹһůèָоǺþöûô⡣
ȻֲŮһֱڿϷ˺ü󣬸OO@@򿻹龫
Բ룬⺢ӿ϶ûԱۼװû˯ȥ
ûпֲĶŮ龫һ±ˮšϸҡҡĵسԺš
ɽľĸϾȻܵһƳҡֲɽϱű±ǰС
˲һСʱվǿپ£ЦźšҶһСĶһԾŵ׺ɽƪϡ
ֲŤ±ϲطŵǱ棺
϶ûȹⶫ龫֪ĺöҾԺȺȿ
龫Ϣڵ˻ǵıǿǣСβͷڶһ۾գգ͡Ͽӹ۵Сͷȥ
΢۾龫ֻǿȥҸˡֲãѭѭյҼſڣֻQҰ͵ģ
ཹཡűӺ龫ͷ
ֲָС°ͣҾ֪㣬ΪɶҪҰ
Ƿ±
վ˫צ£ߣģ´վڷϵźֲͳˣֲͳˣ
ֲۡ
Һͱ˴ܣҴˣüѽ
ӣཹཡ龫ͷ
ֲӿһ˿жǸ˵Ļ˵ǰɣû¶Ҫɽᱻ˷ֵġУǾҰò֪𣡣H5N1H5N6H7N9
ֲ˵ĸ֣ѾѻǼˣ֪ôֱͣ±ӣ˵꣬קһߡ
ֻ֮һֵĲѣԱһľͷڵΧ˰Ȧ淢
ֲ˹ȥѽýгһŴβ͵ҰȥϻֻСкͻҰ
ǴӲ°ͳһץ·߶ٽչһ£ʹԼ˼ҰζģΪģ

ֲǸжǱˡ
װİƣѱҰζҲǲ̫ġ
ڡδĺܶܶ󣬹ҵֵ12ίƶһӦҪϽΥԲ;Ӫ½Ұ﹤֪֪ͨͨ˵뱸Ӫ淶ѱֳλ͸ˣҪͷ֡
Ȼ׶ҵҰﱣվҲʾѱ½ҰȻ͹ݡ
Ʒ˼֤ѱҰҲзյģҪԶ
ǡӡһˣֲҧֲ˵ֻöû⣡
СצһСȦȦֻһȦȦ˵ҴôôһֻСôôһֻ󼦣
±ֲµĲݶһ㲻üҲˣ龫Ҳ
Сﶼǵģֲ˵ÿ죬Ҳ죬
㳶һֻűӣżſ˿ǻ棻ְӵϣ˲Q̬ų˳ǵС첲˺ˣֻСļҴߣǡΪ㲻ȾʲôH5N1ԺҪܷȥҰӴ
ǿһۣŤ±ƿǰ龫ꡣ
´λҪĹĵ˵Ť߿С壬켫ˡ

ֲҵķʽ˱˲̫עɽ·ӷµԼԺڡʱԲԺҰëӣŮĳʽһզŪһֻɽϾҰҲǹҵģСĵ㣡
ֲͷû¶һΣԺûˡ
Բ룬̽ʣˣ׼ֻ𣿡
ֲܸɴࣺҲԡ
ԲϵˣеҰëӶˣȥɣ
ֲӹƯҰëӣһë·ŻĹâļëҪÿʮԭĻѧȥһΪĽĹ
Ȼһ᣺˵ܾҰζǾܾҰζҰëҲҪܾ
ֲҰëһԣһ뿴ңƯļ֡
ԲզĻƯûˣ                        
лҪ˵ǣ龫úȡ
ֲ´λ㡣
ȼ˭Ҳ벻ҼӳΪе
*
ղء

12

ʱףӵȺͳƣײ30
ڣڲúһ磬վڷϻະ˵˺ϢҪҸͷ͸㹽ôô˳ꡣ
һʱ䣬ȫϲ󣬼ȥʳʱ򣬳´ӳգһ鶹
˲ˣƾʲôͶһ鶹
´ӳǰܷգεɲǶأҪһ鶹ô
ˣҲȱӼһֱðζأ׼
֪ӳԼҸãõѾ˼ˡ
ԴǴΣӳ˵۹ͲһˡֲͳһܣѾʣ´ӳ˵СҵģҪ⳥
˼ȥƺڴӳֲ飬Լ̬Ȳ仯ġ
صȥԲȰ˵ֲҪٶˡ
1974궬죬ĽѧƸĸڴ֮ǰǡʼơҲǴ＾ʼһѧ꣬1974궬ű˺ġʼơ
Ҳ˵ֲ1974궬ѾбҵˣУҪС
ԲһƿӴߵزһ߶غ͹Ů˵ҿͱˡϴĩҲòզء˵ˣҲˣ۾ͱˡׯ΢ѧ㶫ֵؾˡ
ֲɫ̫˫ͨ죬ҧ촽ѧѧڣѧڿʼٶһ飬һúѧϰóɼȥ
ֲһۣǵ׿˵ģѧϰûɶãôô
ֲָ߬ܳϿҵؽѧڡһ̫¡ǣұ㣬Ժ֪ʶԽԽҪҡ
ѴӶĶ鵽£ϵĻҡӳԼǷ̬ȣֿżֲ˵ӼȻϲǾٶɡ޶Ҳ׼ٿôҪٺǰһۿˡ
ֲ˵ͷֻǣʵ벻ǰжԭѧʵӰЩ䡣һγ֡μ䡱Ǵ״̵ʱ
ԲŮô֣Ҳͬˡڵϵʳӣ뵽ǿˣȥ˳

غԲֲҲЦеظ˹ȥȦסĸ׵Ի˼׷Ģ
Բɶӽи˼׷Ҳûװ
ֲָ㣺ɰн㹽пҰһǸڼСˡ
ԲһؿǧøڼСżˣȫӺö˶˵ǼҳҰܵɽ׽˵ǹвƲҪ׽˳ԡҪС֪֮ǰƭָжء
ֲ⡱һΪʲôǰû˺˵¡
뿪ݣҴްҪȥʲôûƵģۻصʰһܡ
Բ쿪ˣȥģ
ֲɽ
ȷˣֲҲûлǼ⣬ֿᷢƿ龫ˣԷͷ˱Ƥ10ǰġ۴ӵСѧƴ
*
Сļֲɽ˼Ҷ붼ڳԷû˳ץҰɽտסĴܿðӺᡢ壬һֱɽС
޹ġ
ɽԼŴڵĴൽǻۡ
ֲ֪ɣкСʱ˿ʵΡȻǲԼĻȥҲ֪һѡֳҰûĽ±ɢıץסˣֳҰ˿ˡ治֪Ӧô졣
ǸССĿɰİƲ໥ȹһꡣ⵽֣֮һӲԭԼ
ҪһСʱܵɽνܿϣ45ӣִ˺ɽ±ڴ
ߵֳҰһһȺҰȻڣ֤ɽµ˸ûеϽľ׮һεҰҰɽŵԶλá
æ˰¶ߵƵĶѨڡ䣺Ҷ
ȻOO@@֮˾䣺㲻Ҫ
˽ɽµ˵˵ǰվ󣬰龫Ǳѧƴŵ˵ϡ
úѧϰ˹龫ȷͷôˣ㡭
һмǣСССģ㱻׽סˣǿɾˡ
ֲվڶڣԸߡİƱҪЮҲҳ
˾ôվһӣֲѨһСС
ֲްһġʱİƣû׼ڱøʱ򣬾Ͳұ㣬㱣أ
ԣһֱǰڰأ
ŶѨһ뿪˵ء̫ѾбֲۿҲǵ÷ˡ룬ˣǰұָ˳裬ڣȻһСѺá
겻Ұ˺þãҪ⵰غá˭֪ʱɽѾ׽Ұˣǿżֲ˵ӣŪҰҳԵģҲ̫˰ɣ
ֲûǣ˲ע⣬ŰҰŵһ
⵰ɽġĵĵĵҪǿ˳ЩҲᷢһСС
*
ѩ˼¶Ͼɶһرʺмֹļȡ
ϢȻڲ䵭Ȼȥ
һʱͻȻ龫ֲ˵¶ȴҲôҲ벻û͵͵ʲôҲտڲ̸˼ǣ̽һ¡
ֲ֮ǰ˵ʳɿˣҪȼһЩ𣿡
ֲŶԣ㲻˵һˡȻͷŪӣ͹ȥɡ
룬ǿӣòǺͽȼܣȻ龫˻صġ
һ죬ǰӣ»ȥͰɡ
ֲĬ˵ͷ
ǰѹ㣬ȼһ·ˡƺȫȴ¡Լ̫С˵ûʲô
ȼҡ󵨣һң˼ּܡӣԼĵﶼԼйɻ󣬶ȼȴԼԼ̽
ˣǳеǮ˼ҳͼ֮䲻ʲô϶ȡ
ڶֲҪѧȥ컹ţװ˵ӱǶƴĿαñֽһŰ˼š
ѧڴ嶫ĥɽ£һ·ϣԭεļ䣬϶ӿֲԺ
ׯ˱ľ٣еĸ޼༶ҲûмˣѡϿɽĥɽӵĺһ𹲶ġԼѧϰɼӦǼģӰһᾭ۸ӰһΣ鱾ӵé˵鱾Ҳĵطʱĥɽ׽˫ЬѶؼҺ͸˵Ҳˡ
ֲĵЦУ԰ԣʦȻܣָļͥ
ĥɽ£˽ңӰó鱾ΥЦվһԵĳӸµؿԼӴǣþòˣ
һʰһ߻شҾ
һƲָֻհںõ鱾ȥ飿㡭ɸһӣе飿
ֲԿһۡԭ֮ǰûֲ䣬ԭǿ˵һ
鱾ϣһЦҵ顣ѧڣһúѧϰ
ְأͻȻֱֱؿֲȰùŻؼҡѧڻʦҵϵʲô˼𣿡˴ʦڣùңҲң㻹Ǹүߡ
һЦߣúѧϰܿ𣿡
ֲԭļ䣬ѹסĵ׵ķ꣬˾䣺㿼ڼ
ָָڰԱһֽ
ֲôôҿڼôȻԼȥɡŶҲˣʶҲֻ֥һ󡣡
ȫͬѧŸЦַ죬еӣеĶء
ֲƿӣ뿪λߵڰϡԿǸˡ
ֲԭļ¶Ҳ̫Ӱˣһ
Ȼֲޱ飬ߵ̨ǰЦĳ˵Ǻˣһῼñá
Цˡ

ֲ½̨ʱ򣬺ȻЦŵȫల˭߽ңվڼֲԭվŵĽ̨λã̱úڰ塣
˵Ϥ׾ٵ˭ֲһ˲ֹס˽Ųλʦ˵ֲͬѧ־ôڴĺóɼˡ                        
лҪ˵ǲʦ˭
A
Bȼ
C
*
ʱˮ󣬵´ΰƳͱˡ

13

Ľֲתȥ˫ۡ
ȼıûЦ⣬̽Ѱһһصλȥ
סϢκһ˶ȻͬĴڡ
ȼ촩һɫףǡ֪ʶӵ˹һ˫̵׽ЬһȾȫȻ˺ܾõɽ
վȴ͸¶ţɫвŭ
תȥںڰдˡȼ̧֣֮䣬¶ڰϵһֻ½
ӲԶŤͷһŵļֲһۣ̬ƺ˵˭ҵѡ
ͬѧ´ӳλˡǲ֪ôֻ֪ʦšܹ󡱡
ȻֲϣԳκ̬ȡ
鱾ͬѧһУȼߵڰϿ䵽һʱɫһ۵׵Ĳ紵֡

ֲﻹԭڹȥʦļ䣬ȣȼ˲֪ٸ̨סڻ֪ͨܶʶŽҴʾ
þʧ
տʼʧΪ˼ȼıʧǡġ
ȻȱֲΪõܵܶһЩ緹ȽϺŪ
ڵĽڿοʼʱĶӾ͡ûˡòףһڿ˿ΣֲŴӿóһֻ
ˣͳһֻҫôţҾúãҲֻ԰㳤ôǲֻ԰ˣ
ȼڽ̨ʰĳûп
ֲѱ΢΢һգ۾Գ˵ⲻֻǰмӵ˾ɡԹ𣿡

ֲͷ֪꣬ηԭ㡣ۼȻѧУȳԵģӦñѧϰ
ؿˣ糿ûб쵽𣬵һʲôұȣ
۽̨ϵĽȼҲûйԼ۸ͬѧͷԽŨҡ
һŲȵֲĿϣŵб¾ͱȰ˭˹˭е
ֲȷԼʲôһɡ
Ųӣɲɣͬⲻͬɡ
ֲƫͷ˿šŵüë֪ϴδ˲ģһҪӮһΡԼͬ⣬ûˡ
ǣ̾˿аɳ˵ôȡ
۾һ糿˵뽻ҵʦеҵ˭Ŀ˭࣬͹ܶԷе
ֲӻλаͬͬͬ⣬ҾͶˡ

°ͻصλ˼ֲҪǰͿź˵ɡ
ڰϵͬѧͷӶģ
ֲǷ𣿡
԰԰һôҴģ
ôأ
ҪǼ֪Ůܱ˽еô밡
ˣеͽеɣܱȰǿѽ
ԡô˵ֲ֮ǰѳˣ
ѧЦźʦкŸǶˡ̵ֲҵ
ȼûˣ˹
Ӻܸߣ׳ϣ͸ɼѪܣǴĵ¶ˡ
ֲͷôӳĺѣҪҸͬѧˣ
ȼŸ첲һЦؿ϶ˡ
ֲ
ȼ꣬ʦ˺ϰϲο𰸣Ϊ˵дҵҪԴҲࡣ
ֲҾͺúд
ȼûסҵ㿴ûö඼ɷӻشֱ֣ӳο𰸵Ļ϶Եöࡣ
ֲûп
ȼô죿ҿĸ㡣
ֱǰȼһᶵĿ̫٣ӵϿζӹУȫ඼ˡؼ·ҲԵɣ𶯲εɽˡ
*
һ·ϼֲſٸн
û뵽һǰ׸СĹѧУѧ˫ѧϰ絽廨ҪһȥĴӳӱѧϰҿҪˡ
¶˵ˣ˵Ե
ɽ紵Ƶʹ
صңһˣʹعȥԲԱ߱һôˣͬѧ۸ˣǸ
ֲ齻һ飬Բһ֣ˣǸұѧϰǸ¶̼ǶҪΡ
ֲúԲ˵ϵĻͶһˡ

ҹֲ¿ţ΢ƵĹâ£ࡣ
⻹Ը⣬Ȼܸ㶨ͨĶԪһη̡
Ҳû⣬ճ̿ϵĻش
ֻǵġ罭ȼ˵дҪʱµġ
ֲͷƤԱ߶ŵļôˮھ˵ģ
˼ǣҪ
ֲ̾˿Ҳ֪˼Ҳֱдϰ
ָͷ˰ݸ壬ֲҲΪЩǽ̿ο𰸵ˮ׼
ǸɶҲȱİ׸ʱޱȿõһͨͨ顣
ߵԺŲ캰һ
˭ܴ͸74²Ųο𰸵飬ó죬ҳ˺һ޸
ֲﱻҹŮĴʴʻһæܵԺס졣
զôľˣϹ˵ɶЦԺ㳤˸û˸Ȣ㣡ôϹ˵βԶˣ
ֲЦһصңѻµͱͱӣ;˯ȥ
˯ȣӶǺͳ̣ȥԺҲ֪˶ãͻȻԺﴫžડһ춯ʵеŪȫ˶ˡ
ֲ·ȥԺǹ⿴ȥҲûܷʲôֲҲųڿ񷿵һ䣬ͻȻһӣƾָУʵʲô
ݣƣһգֲ˵
ֲʣɶô
ֲ˵ۺ˵ģģ74ĴŲο𰸵Ŀα
ϻɷдˡء
ֲſαߵǶʼҵĶеķʽ
Ѿòˣӣ⵽˭ɵģ
ֲѾòˡԺҲֻһ׮ˡ֪ûϵ
*
ҹҡεָŮ˫ƤáСķʽܳĶ⡣
һ˫ˮ۾գգͣĵؿٲȻûвԼˡţ⵽˭

ֲûȥ룬һ֣ó͵
ҹĳСֻڶڣŶɽķ硢ּҶС޵ĸO@춯
ͻȻ˭Ų캰һ仰ʱһ
ǻƵɽ룬ƴѪҲ˰
壿ȥܡ
ܱ˷֣ȥܡ
ֻŻصǾ仰ҳ˺һ޸

14

ܾԺ󣬳´ӳΪԼҶӳָϱһʱ˼ֲҵš
ֲһؿǰһһСԳ˵֮䣬ʲôꣿ
ε˵ͬѧ顣
ֲ˵أ
С˵ĸ顣
´ӳףֻŻؼСӡȫ벻νĸԴϳʱһδģǴóֲ10ļ
»ص1975һ磬ʱĳδԤϵԼĻ䡣ϲذҵȥŷȥ鲻ˡСС©ȫȲ۸ֲĿ֡ʣôеѧ
ֲնӵӣȻǲܴġ
Цȥ浥
ȫ˶ſ17:30ҵʱֲЦû⵽ʦǴϰ̨ҵʼĿһţѾЩ΢ı仯
ʦǶ޿һŵĳɼβεʱ򣬻ֲش𼸸⡣
Ԫһη̻شȷ
ֲͱֲشȷ
ƴŮشȷ
룬ȻʦʵöǼ򵥵⣬ǰļֲû£ѵںٰе֪ʶһ飿ҲڵĳɼѾԴӵһǰʮˡ
΢еһڿ֮ǰĿμ䣬ߵֲߣӴǣѧû֥Ҳתˡ㰾ҹѧһϣҲܱҵԵöࡣ
ֲǱҵĵɡǵüȥһ°ռţ

ֲң꣬ҵøϵĶӹա
ܻҴֲʱʦȼϿ߽ҡ
һңڳͼֲĴ˲ֹЦ죬ߵĻصλƳ۾ϷֻŽ̨

ʦһûƵмֲش⣬˫۾ǿŽҵһţ·һֱڴŮʲô
ֲΪĹԼ
쵽¿ʱȼͻȻѼֲˣ⡣٣üֲûն룬ƾһشţ
ռǡ˭дģ
³Ѹ
³Ѹԭʲô
٣ˡ
˺ʲôϵ
ܡ
ⶼС˼
ȻϵͬѧĿɿڴ۾ڽȼͼֲȥΧһʵڶŻֵĵӾʴϷ
ڣȼ۵ӹһ˲İ⣬ͻȻѻ³Ѹϲ˳һΪ񡯵˼룬Ǽ˭ʱģ
ֲ˼˵һ˵Цӯӯģ׼ˡ
˭֪Ԥ϶Ŀ϶ûеִֲȫͬѧסһԼǰȻһãȻŤͷʺţ˵ɶأǰ𣿺ʲôࣿ
ֲǲ̫ףС˵ôʲô⣿
ȼý̱úڰ壬һ˫ֱֱżֲֲͬѧشȷ˵ǺŵHenry Norman Bethune׼׶ǻ
ֲ˸ۡ
*
¿κ󣬽ȼû£鱾ȥ칫ˡֲһͬѧΧסô˵ôصӢ
ֲҲ֪ô˵ӶڽȼǰһסֲǰһľģھȻ˵׶ǻˡ
ְ̾ȼˮ׼ͨһӢģѾϡˣ׶ǻҲóƼҵײ֮ǰԼ²ûҪˮ
ȻͬѧһһʵʵòģǰҸȺŪȥǸҼи㲥ᵽ˰Ҿѧˡ
Ǻ඼żֲHenry Norman BethuneһһֵƴһһڵȫҪ·ҵͼֲĴҪʾ֡
ֲȻBethuneʱųڽ̨̯СҵϤĵرȽϣտʼл⣬ȻŷţɫԽԽӶԹա
ֲЦҵӾҵģѵ㻹Źҵαˮӡ
գѱӽҵĿδɫܲÿóԼ뿪ҡ

̵ֲߵɽϣ쵽ʱڴͷһʯӣһһŲԶȺɽ
ԭУ԰ûû۸ԼˣʱСһ룬Լ֮Ŀһ˵ǲ̫ܵģҸղ룬Ժҽ㡮ɲɣ
ֲЦÿԹȥˣ˹ȥó°ͣ׷ˣ
ͷǷԴãߡһ
ֲͷһﴦ⣬ЦҲ򲻹ѧϰҲȲسʵˡ
ǿһ
æ¶ۣҵȫһӣһʱȫֲԶȫԣ¿˵ɣֲ
ֲס°͵ָʹдˣС
                        
лҪ˵У԰Դر档
ĸиͬѧ˽ʮΪ˵˾󡣣ԣǸˡ
иͬѧ˵˾ͰԼͷ͸һͬѧÿͬѧۻᣬһͬѧҪͷòá
*
ллеĶ+ղ+ӪҺǣлл֧֣ÿһղغ۶ŬĶ
ллؽˮ𡱣üӪҺмòˣ

15

ӣֲΪԼ費Ҫ֮ǰ̫Զƶһ𽥽ƻÿҵһЩ⣬ȵڶٴһЩ⣬ʵȲеݼ
ʦԼĹעȻµǿֲôԼشˡ
ֻǣȻ̫סȼӣĿΣȼǽŽţĿëһ䵽ֲϣܵĺȻ
װˣ㶼ᡣ
ȼһֱ˵֡
ʵ̫
ֱգģԭһµĸо

Ĺ󣬳ܾöûֲֹˣһڵȻȥֲҲΪУԻʹ֮֡ǰĸҲ޷Уԣһͬѧ˱ڣҪôУһ۸ȥҪôٻͬѧ۸۸ǻġ
Щ񣬲ʱ

Ҳס
*
ȴ캬һӣɽȾɫʱڹȥڴӰɽλÿʼðѿȺȥСС
ֲչҵľ顷͡ҩѡһѧһĽ˹Ů˴
ȵ˼ϣȲæУŮҵը͹ĵطһը͹ȺһҧƤϴ˱ը𣬾׽۵Ż֬ڿǻҸ
ֲԴԺûгԹ棬Եը͹־Զĸж
֣һŮǲǺܺóԣҵһγԵʱ򣬻үүҡүѽţûԹôóԵĶ
ֲųһ⻰Ͱʣµ͹ԣұˡ
͹ƸԣԼԣҲø˾Ͳóˡֲ֪˵ġǡָǽ͵ܵܡ
ִӵİŮжˡ͹˵ʵ㲻ʲôѵõζ˿̳һһڶҸ
͹ֲȥһżһߺСֲɵ֮ǰ֪ʶػţҪȺõģȻͲҪ̫̫⣻Ҳ̫оǻõġ
ϡô󽲾Ǳ𣿡
ֲæϣǵģܴڿӻȮġ
죬áչҵľ顷ᵽڿ
ʵϣЩ֪ʶǼֲ21ѧϴЩʱ򣬻ɽƽʱ˵ء£ǰȻһССĻһӰֳӡ
ĹŮ˵ʲô
밢ˡ
ܾò
*
صСзŵȦڣ̺Ŵڴڳ
ͼֲһЦؽԺƿš
һݣŮȿŸˡ
ǰĺԲŴˮλſţʵ⿻ѾɸɾһȾˡ
ǼֲڸԼûһŮˣ˿ˣи¶Ҫ
¶ϲɫ¶
ֲüһ£֮ǰТ񵰵¶ԺѾ˺ܶ࣬ӣˮ׼ҲԶԶ֮¡ܴ̽ʲô¶
ϲ󣺡ǰһͷСУ˵о͵ó磬ʣµˡб໶ʵˣܳԣ˯죬ʹĳأ
Ȥ֪Ҳˡ
ϿӸȤס˳ִùһɾ´ɱԼѺԲտĿˮ˽ȥŵţõ˵Ҳûϵ˾ˡҾ¶ġ
ֲѾ˰ˣ̣㾿˵ʲô
۾ɨۼֲտż˵飬СҲѰ˼ţСоŪȦüֲѾͷȥһݶһʳҼгֻʵⲻܴҵҲⲻǸ𣡡
ֲõﻹû𻰣ʣа̣ǵ׵ʱǮҲҼ£
һƲԶ׼˵ɶءСģ˵Ǯ϶ù尡ֻǴɽ϶೶ЩݣŪЩʳֵɶǮ
ֲԴһδԼ׵ø⽹ۡǳˣǳǺóС壬Լ̰ˡ
ڣؼ˾ϣɰɣС챧ֲ⺢óѵѵǻ¡
״ڲһѼֲ⽹ˡ
ϴҴ뿪˼ţֲŽŸ˵ôܴӦأզˣһУŪݣ˵Ǽ򵥣զôˣ
ԷܵܲӣҲ˳԰Ūݶ鷳ιһͷĻֲ糿Ӿ͵ɽǴµŪݡŪҪԷѧҪһͷĵ͵ˡ
ѡֲּһô䣬඼ͣˡ
УУȥҲιֲ߳ȥ쳹Ժӡ
һ
ûôв͸ų˹˼ͥȫΣֲιСʲôɫҲ㲻ܣпܶˡҲʹˣɽŪݡ
ֲŵĲӶʱջأŸ׵ı飬̾һǺðɡ
*
ҹֲſ̨ϣԺӿǣѧ˵Ǿ仰
Щ񣬲ʱҲס
ͺųУоֹһҲδһˮƽ
Ƕ񣬲Ҫʲô׷Ρӵںɽ21һ֮Ұ𣬻ñ״⻪ʱȦҰζס
ЩˣЩȫȻʱ޹أǳ˳ͷ㹻Ƶġ㹻صĳͷֹסԼĶ
ȻǺпܲڸģ֪ܳͷܺزѡ
ֲҹ̾˾䣺ѽҪһͷʧͺˣǼ͵
*
ڶңŵԺţ
Ͻ¶ˣ
ֲ·׼ݡԲҲ˿ڴ˯ļ˵ôˣ
żغţҲ֪զ¶ͷˣ
ֲ
Բ˵ɶôͲˣ
ϣһιˮȦҲصϵġһ磬ҴżҪи͹һȦţͷвˣ                        
лҪ˵ͻȻˣΪ˹һƪҰζ׵ģ˵ҰζķƹϣһĻҪƺܶණк·Ҫߡ

˵߿㣡
*
лл¡ӪҺΪⱭ̲ζģ

16

ĳͿĨϼԺյȦϸգȻֻΪʣˮŹ⣬Ǵдķ̡
ϺͼĿԣֿ˵⵽զ¶͵ģ
ҡҡͷȦûƻཬҲûɶӡˡƾʧġ
̧ߣţⱿܳɾˣ
Ϊصȼһ̣Ҳ֪Ϊɶһ֪ʶ㣺ɲܴڿӻȮ
ϣ
Ҫӱȫضȥ֪һжͽ̺ͣ׵ʹǸҸţСţһ˾һ䣺㿴һֻͦʵС𣿡ÿ˸տʼе˻Ǳ͵ˣһ˵Ե޹ʵûˣΪڿЦ
ֲڼʯӣȫ²ġߵſڣͻȻüͷԽ˵⻧ҾͲȥˡ֪֮йڣ¶ìܣȻȥ
ֲûлؼңҪɽ
΢ãĳֲ̤׹¶ˮĲľᴭʵšǵǰףҰȦϵ뿪ϵСҲѿרĸٲȻ׽Ұ¶
ȥǸ죬ʵҲû˭׽ʲôҰ˺˵ģֻмһ
ߵɽʱϡЩЯ˵ٵֲ£ߣںǾΥģƣҶ

ɽģҶ죬һ仰˳ȥûյκλš
ǰûִ䣺ҶҶ
Ȼûж
пǳȥˡ
ʶѵõһۣͱôɵشֲʧ䡣
߽Ѩڣ֮ǰùͼ鱻ţһǰûСʯ̨ϡչȥͻȻʯ̨ϻԼ֮ǰùĲֽǦʡֽɵò񻰣ϡԱдķǣ۴ӵСѧƴ
ֲЦ
û뵽ôЩʱղֻ˾Ļǻһֱβѧϰ٣ȼλСܼҪˡ
ʯ̨ϣǦڡϴ˸ȦԱдǶ||
վڶϲ׽һϸĺ졣
*
ֲرһֻСɽȥɸɾʵ죬ëƤСĻڡ
ֲ˫סǻԲĶ⣬вҶˣҶھͰɱˣ
Сˡ
ڶһӴҵֻСУǿӸɸɾĸɲݣԱ߻һݣһ峺ˮֲ㻳̼ʧͷС
ƵǱڶûԼھ֣ȷǣܸһеҰＰﶼᡣҪϲź̡ܶڵϲź̡ҪܵõֻԺﺰһ䡰̼ҵʧôóԸˡ
ǻأУ˼š
ֲͻȻϴԺﺰҪ飬ҹģǱʹ콵䡣

ҲǰƸġ
См㲻ˣȻڼֲĻﶫ𽥹Զɽϵ̫գۡ
ֲ룬ôԵİ᲻Ҳϵأ
ǱһֻţӴ浽ɽ𣿡
лλԴҡͷ
ǱһֻͻȻ䣬žꡯشӴ뿪䵽𣿡
ǻλԴ
ʲã˼⡣վڴڴˮƼһɻıԼСеļֲ
СɿذѾˮ£ߵֲ߿˵Ǵɽҵ
ֲ֣С弴кֵҲβˮīʶһ촽ǸĨ󴽸һġһġ
šһ˲ͰһݡӰɾǶһ£Ͱˤˡ
Ͼͷʵûմ۹Ͻʹߣһѣͺ޲һˡ
ϲó糿ʧһͷ˲ĥĴˡϾм۸񲻷ƣ֮ǱʷǳҪ롣
ʣզ¶ԼɵɽˣҲ˵ˣûƣҲûӡ
Ĵûʲôˣֻüͷļ壬ŴյߣС˵壬ô
һȻȴ˵ʲôأⶼɶˣô
ֲѹøͣ˵һ׮ȼ֪ɣǸ֪ࡣ˵ɽӣ׳
壺
ֲ򴽣ǲ̫˼˵ƵģȻƬ̣˵ȥнŵģȥιǵȥҼ˵Ҫιҵʱͦģ˾䡮ˡɵڶ죬ûˡ
壺
˵Ժ˵⻰ʱҽ㻹ԱءҾͶƣίͰɽˡҸ˵ҪӸôлᶪǸϴװף´οɾͳԸĨˡ
СˣľˮˡֲǰСͼǿɰס
*
С»ص̼ҵȦ˵ԺԼúιҲڱˡ
һڵļֲڿϣƾٰܽѯʣҲ˵ãֻԼͼܣ˵ˣ˭͸¶
棬ʲôʱԼҹŮͼĹϵûǢˣ϶ǰǿͰ͵̬ȣȫֱ
ֲûشϵǢΪԼ21͵ķСһģһһദ20ңôܻ̬ȡ
Բʲʲôһֵ¶ȥǼңûмһһ׸ߵСһ˵һ߱ȻģϴͦһɫСӣźɫСƤѥܣ˵û
ֲ̫⣺û۴岻ЩСӦñʲôûġô
Բ˾䣬ǿɾˡӿرùһӣֲǳǻСǼˡҲ˵ԺţЦҸŰɣôһӶˣ׷Ҳ׷ϡ㿴
ֲùӣʱ۾ŲˣľƬ㹽ɶ䣬ɿ飬һѸɶǡ
Ѵӷ£ץסĸ첲ٸҽСʲô
Բɻ˵ôţСͦģ껭ޡ첲ȶ϶⣬˫ƤС죬Ц𰡡
ֲҲʵ벻⵽˭϶ǴˡӵСͼһ˵ʲôСƤѥСӣ껭һװ׾ġ
е񰢻ơ
ǡ
Ҽˡ
緹ֲĳţﵽ̼ңӶ׵ȦԡֻŪһ๰ȥС˵
ϣǱһֻŪߵģ
һģһ⣬СкȻػλԴ
ֲֿڵϣǱһСŪߵģ
СиҪͷػԴȻиı䣬͵˵ͷ
ֲزٰ˰                        
лҪ˵ƴү࣬û|ֳ ˡ
ֲ죡
*
ллมӪҺΪζģ

17

ɽϣݼë׵ر縧һС޵Ľ¡Ǵ껭СһЦš
ֲⷬȻ˵ĳݺݵش˸¡ָģŶסԼȳɽͷ
ѾϹһɽˣС忴ȥƼʵ̫ˡϾУյɽҲûʲôϡ档
ֲʹϥǣҪվ׳Сײһ˵°ϡ
֪ʱļ塰໡һ°ͣզˣ㻹ִҼˣ뱧ȥιˣ
ֲһĥѣиˡ
壺
첲´Ůһͷʲô飬ղż㻹˵˵ʲôˣ
ֲżģ֪٣˼Ƭ̺󽲣ͻȻ뵽һ¶ΣôóȻҲ̫áһɽĻǻӦøϹ
壺ϣϹ㲻۴Ƽˣ˵⽨ţץŶ
ֲһЦϹȻþ׷ʽȫҪֽҡ
壺Ҫʲô
ֲ龫
壺տʼһھŮϹ龫ģ
ֲɴ۾־С˵顣龫ϼӾʺǰ⽨쵼Ϲˮҵˮ
˵㻰ֲŤߣ㰮ŲŰɣͷٶˣҿɲˡ
̾һ䣺
뵽ʲô䣺̾еˣֶˡ
壺棺׼׼ɱ̾ˣһ龫ôǵġûģһ˰Ҵľ𡣡
ֲĺС塣
ֲصĸڿżɻչȥƣüͷһɫС׵ĽӷߡԲüֲס½һǣͷ
ֲһֳס½һַŪ·ϳǼСʱ򴩹Сӣ첲ϵļ鲹ԭָ°æġ
Բ첻иСۼͳԵҲ֪˭ޣϴ߰㡣·ܵҲˣ΢ĶĶ´λǸޣҾͰ·
ֲڿһЦ˵ͦͦá
˼Ҫǽȼ֪Щôءȫ¿ˣ·򣬶æֺһֻǡ
*
һڣֲǴ¸Լݣ̤ؼң綹ĵƻ񲹹Ρ
ȫҲϺɽͷʱ䣬Ϊ˽ֻܵȵݵ
δֹͣҹ˾ƻϣܻɽǸ֪ѾʲôС
СƤ۰ɲȥĻëƤô죬ֵֹ·ģҲû˵Ƥ
ֲ21͵Сʱ򲻰űҲûбС˯ϰߣ֪Ϊʲô𣬴|شģҹ˵λƣơǴ˭أ۴ҲûջƵѽ˸ͬѧаƣ
ʱûܴ˵ɶһԴ˯ȥˣ˭֪μ䣬ֲǸովڵĴɤӣ
Сѧ˸ͬѧջơ
Իĥɽ֧Ķ񽡡
һۣСѧ˸ͬѧɶӹϵ
һƲָߵߵȥ
˵ģе
ֲ䡣
糿·ʦ칫Ƕ˵ġ⺢Ӵֹ֣ѧҲϽšУǲҳߵġôӣΪɶû˴ŹңԶ
һӣ˵Ķԣɶˣ
ѹͣ˿ûעֲӱչ޼ҪѧϸʽզģȻˡһͷ˽
񽡾㵣һͷ룬̾Ҫͷ˰ǽģ
ɲŤŤ֣кͮͮĹ£ǿǲٵģ
񽡣ģ
ϿʱˡֲȴôλֱһٳСѧվڹšһ꼶Ľſ濴ֻϡСܲͷſαʦ뿴Լͻĸ꼶סˡ
ͬѧƲСӣˣȥûĸǲġֻǽһиλ
ֲطȻأһ˫̽Ьǰ̧ȼϿһëӦڶ˻ŪˣֹѧУεġ
ȼɫ赣˭
ֲ򵥵˵Ҫһһ꼶ѧ
ȼŶһ䣬С̫ԶˣҪÿҪһСʱѧ
ֲ̾˿Դһᡣ
ȼôʲô
ֲһżʯӣ૵ֻǾ͹ȷһ¡ǰɣҲܲȻѧֲңʲô˼أ
ȼףһͷˮġ
ͻȻ˵˼¶Ѽֲˣ˵λʲôưƵģң˵λˡ
*
ֲ벻㶼ȼزˡ
ԭ͹һΰӣŵٴΡ
ȼӵı飬ʶʲôҲ֪ߵſں󣬶ѧʦ˸кҽмͬѧȥҰ칫ңе¡ѧʦͷ
ֲЦϿѽΪʲôҪȥ칫ҡ
ȼڰ֣װˡЩεİɣ㲻ȫô㲻̫ףѧҲܸ㶨ˡ
ֲ
治֪˵ʲô
ȼֲ¶˵ÿζ֪Ҫ͵Ű·ȥϴΣ˵Ҫñ˿ô죿һģô
ֵҲףЩͱװúȥˣҼǱ߶ʱҼġеʱˣҾˣһµľͺá
ֲ
ԭ19742020ĿŸˡ֮ǰҲµģһBurberrrryŲС˵꣬ˡ
ȼı飬ûʲôߡ̾˿Ҹ˵˺üΣҪˡ㲻ȥȰȰɡȻС֪ס
ֲ˵˾䣺Ȱ϶ûõġô˵Ķҿ취ϺȻкЦݣͦ˲𰡽ʦ
ȼ
ֲЦҽͦʵһˣ֪ΪʲôͱԵġҲ֪ҸŮϵҽҲ֪ˣô
ȼʹظӣߺ΢͵ļֲƽӣ֪ΪɶͱԵôô˵ɣסҲ١
Ѹվһ򿪳룬ż㣺ȫǸӵĹдģҪôдţҪôšǶ˵
ֲ˵Ů𣿡
ȼû˵ɶԹԵ˵ȥҵ
ȼҲ֪ΪɶӼֲЦǰϵģֲ֧ҧ˵                        
лҪ˵ֲһЦŮˡ
*
^^VˣԤӿʼˣСʹǿղҡ
21㻹1
18㼰21㹲2
VĻ3
ĻVո˫ոпܵģա

18

˹ıĽȼһ˵ʶѼֲǵöЦˣû¶ûЦ㣬ͦõġı鿴ңⲻ⣬ҵ⡣
ȼСNŮѧǴ۾ĳĺ֮ȡЦ治֪˵ɶ
ֲ򣺡˽ȼʦûɶ¶˰ɣһȥϿˡҽ¶취һ˵
Ȼڼֲ˵ʱҪɲǽȼͼ߰˰ˣҪϽһ档
ѧؼҺͿʼæʰҺԲҪǼСӣ˵ȥڴ壬͸ǸӡҼҪ龫˵ɽϹǸ
տʼżֲһȥϹģ˵ɽϺ䣬ҪްͶ㡣
ڶһ磬컹û͸ֲʹӿˮĨ˰װ龫СӡĿαĿҴɽȥ
죬һǱŵġҪƵĽ飬ڴʱִ۷塣ÿ߹һƹһ䣬᲻Ǹ껭һСڸӭţȵӯӯЦһС
ͷõţ
û׼Ϊ̫ңȥѧ˹
ûңӦʲôѵɰɹ
þòˣƵҲԼòв˰ɡ
ȻǸ޲ûгɽϡִǸϤĶڣظ˼䡰ҶǺϴһûеõκλӦ
ֲֺ˼䣬Ծͽ޹üͷ߽յĶѨ
ѱ֮ǰˣƺΪϰߡڸݵһ׵ëƤʯ̨֮ǰ龫һˮԱ߻һСҰɽ÷Ϊ¡
ĴţʼûߵλáΪûб棬ǿĵط
ֲǸëƤĲݵϣ󱳿±ڣʼ۴һ룬û׼һͻˣβܺϴһˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֲƫһǶȵ̫ƵƤȻŷⶴֻһˡ
̾˿뿪ߵʯ̨Ǳߣ򿪣׼Ķͳ

ţ
ж
һű龫ӵסˣ
ƾȻԼдҮ
ֲĿ
jian ֱ:
Ҳˣ㲻ҲζãҲҲУ
㻹ǸֲҲ
ôϲ㣬㻹Ҳˣ
ȥ͸ĺjingˣ
ֲĿİͰ͵ض飬ŸװƵ˵ôһ¶
һԺﺰһ仰̼ҵʧˣͰˡһܣƺǴֲһϲ
ʱڶֲܵɽϱɻ˵İܵɽ¡
һǻصѨͷвˣͲˡ
ֲͰ͵ֽЦãʯ̨ϣҡ˱ʸӡ
װİƣ
Ҵˣңϴαûǰ˵һһҪԭңңҲûü£
̫࣬ǲܴӱЩԭĶ
֪ΪңùĿαҲΪңͷЩԭǵģնҪȥ
УҲܳҰζڱˣ͸ܳ
һЩҪ
ֲѹһ龫棬̾
밢Ƽܶ棬ĵģûСֹֻءȻûʲôܾЩˬ
ȻΪʲôˬҲ̫
ߵÿ쵽ɽ£ŻȻʣ֪ԼˬԵɣ
Ǹ꾫ô£
꾫
ղſʱĻţͻȻˣҲûһʡ
뷵ȥд꣬ͣס˽ţ
ضҲôײ⺢ѧὲϹ˰ɣ
Ѳɡഺڶ쵽ˣ
*
˼ޱȸӵļֲ˼ңˮ̨˸壬ľ̯ʳЩ֡ŰѷŵԺ
ʳɽɫʳȡ򵥴ֱʳʳ˼壬ũʱŻʳҲ˵ڲôҪͶʱŻ
ֱʳַ¶ֲͼһζ
Բ̯ʳ˾²ˮҶӼ⣬С̶һӳɱӣһŵԱһС˱ǵġ
ֲΪ̯ʳɼ鲻ܾöûôˡ
ԲֲˣϿһǰֲ񵰣ͷҲ̧ص죬ȥݣһʰϵķ֯йҰ㱨¼ˣ
ԭˡ
ֲϲؽԷ׼ϲ㣬ȴɫ̫ÿڿϴšտ޹ϻءæʵô˴㣬㲻ȥ֯Ǻ¶
ԲһԷڣ㻹ţֲȰȰɡ֯ԹõĻᰡҪ˵ʲôߣ
ҲȥõĻҲȥ
ֲﷸֹԹȷʵܲ⵽զˡ
ƼϹһЩ׵ʿһ£㲻ϲȼôȥ˷֯ûˣ
ֲһ佭ȼˮ
ȼԽûǸ˼Ͻ˫ҡ첲㣬֯ͦõģȥԺ󣬳˹һ˶ΪأҲۣѧöණ㵽˷֯ʶˣܼ޸أ
ͣϵĶ̧ͷǶҲȥ֯Աҽѧ£Һǰʹˣ˵Ǳ
ֲһ
ҽΪȼɾˡְҵѡ񣬶ԼĿĹ滮ôΪĸİŶ׺أ

Ȼûڰ㣬֨ѽһģűƿ˭̤˽
ʶسſȥ
ϣҴҵģɫвţԺ˵ˡʲôҽ
Բԭ̹ϵãվһսϣȴҲ˵ͷ
̼˵ĵҽʱ򻹵ÿ˼ҴСӵӣԺô޵óȥ
Բ˵żҲ÷֯أ˷֯Ůܼ޵úã
ԭֲ廰˵Ļӿһ˵
ǹȻ˼¾ɣǰ˼Ҳ⡣һֱãҽù£Ȼ2020ƺˣŽףһȺΰˡ
ǿֺܲ汻ˮ÷׵
ǿûգһҧϵı飬Ƕǡ
ȾסԺԭΥ涨ڿſ壬̣ȻһҽȴԲǰӣظ߼ֲĳͷȣȺ˵طҺ㣬ͬĵһģǲ
ֲʱΪҽʿ
ǾޱȸУЩСء
ӻлֲնضԴ˵
̣ҽܺáܵܶϲܵܶ˾塣
üȥˣһǶġ
ԲͼղŲ˵ȥ֯޵úã                        
лҪ˵ҽ¾
*
Ҳ˫Ŷ

19

ֲһԽԽ
զô϶ˣ
ǰϲ˵ʲôֲֻеͷķݶ͵ȥɽ͵ȥϡδһ䷴ͻֵġ
룺ִľŮޣô۸˭ǸŮء
ǣҲ֪ʲôʱͱݵˡԣǴ񵰣װһ޹أ
Ȼأ㿴Ǳ飬˵޲˵һҪ
ŮˣСӣһһԼƵġ
һᣬһɣӶɶ߹ţǲǱ߹·ࣿ
ֲ룬ǻ治ǡǰȥŷޣϼһӴȥϵİʯš
ϼ˵ҳԹĴ׷ǲǱԹλࣿ
ֲ룬ҲˡϱӳԹ߼ر֮ϲõΡܺͱܴһ·˹ΣõīۺΡⱲӳԵǰ棬Թδ׷
۾ŵЦ⡣
ϿŮֵͱϹ˵ˡ֯õúܣǸࡣСڷ֯ϰ࣬˼ҳԹҷÿ¶־ҽ¶
ԲľҪʳô˵һСİʳͱˣ˵ɶˣ
ϿԲץסص㣬ɲô֯Ů˿úܣ
û˵ֲ꣬ʹҴҴĻʵȵȣ̣˵⳧ʲôģ
ϸˣôȥ˰ɡҸ˵¼ȡҲתŮѶ˵ˣѽúܡ˼˾ôЩиʽȾõϣ˵ԴͶˡ
ֲ
㣬ҵģǧȥ֯ۻȥҽɡ
Բͼ
ϷֲȻ̬ȣ զˣСɶ˼˵Ҫȫ㶼ϣ
ֲϡ⻪ģҲϡ
ػȥˣͽ˴۵Сۡ
ԲԼŹ˵ӺһʳһζűӴϰëװȡʹŮô¶̶ֲ졣˵˵ǸôͲˡ˶Ҫ־ͷϡ۶ϣΪɶ˵أ
ֲҲý˵δǺˡңҲһЩ֯⣬ʶܶ֯岮û˵Ѹʲôȫķ֯Ҳû˵
Ҳűӣҧ´Ҿˡ
ԲԭȻŶŮ˼Ŀ⣬ֿŮδĲ죬˵УҽҲУֻԺǿɱˡ
ֲһ´֣ģҴ㲻ڡ֯ˣһ಻˵Ҳֻظеʽǵҽأѧö֪ʶҽӴԽԽĵطԺпܱʡڹȥרҽʦأ
Բͼǰûۣϸһ£ƺе
ֲĸ׺ͽ˷һ¶֮ǰиȫ˽ҽ˽ҽԺƲף˸ҽ˵ǴＸʮǰĽ괯˼ҩһӾҽ
һˣֲȥõӹûʳͽԲͼ
ɶʱʲôȫˣ
ɶиļҽҽԺ
*
ʳԭǺԲΪףģڼȻӣȫҲͶ˿ڸ
һ߳Էһʷʲô˵ֲҽͷܾͬСŮĸǰ̫һиº׼
ֲһŴʳϸ׵Ҳ¶ûˡ
һ¶Ȼǽȼô㣿ֿһȥλʦˣ
˼¶Ӧô졣ĸߺԲɣԧԲԸܡ
ҺԲû׼˵㻹¶ءǿɸȥ֯һӣָ㽭ʦû˼ˣ
ҲԲܺͼ˵ȣԼΣҪ֪ȼ¶§14Сãһ߷ˡ
һ̯֮ӻǶȼɣһȥѧУһޡһѧУǲܼˣ
һ¡
ȫ¶ھڻǶҲȥüͷˡƿ϶ѾֽˣǱԼ˵ˣڿ϶Ѿˡ
Ȼҵڶûɼƻ
ֲͻȻͣ¿ӡ
´һ¼˵װ·ˡ
һˣ
զôˣͻȻˡǰǽܡ
ֲ·СˣСˣܴˡ
Բ̧ͷͷɨһ£û·𣿡
ֲ֣ڼ첲һȣǿ©ôˣĶаôһ·ˣҺͼʣµģӦûС
·ˣҴ·ȥ
ֲأܵԷϴ䣬һⷭһ߶߶¶һҲУһַտզСҲҪģϴģڿҪĵʱء
ͷ˰죬϶һһ·Ǽ˸ֲֲСŸġ
·ѳСɽֲڴӵҵССӡ
ߵԣɷ˵عȥڳԵʳקң·ĿӣȻҪԼѸղҳ·ϡ
ֲߵԣѼѵ·ԲԲһĪġ
˵裬㻹ǵС߶԰ɣٸһ
մ·ļͷԼ⡰·滹кԲССߣ첲ȶһأҵġ˵㣬ú𣿡
ֲҾúС
㣬ʵ˵ǲбĵܵˣ
*
ֱһѧԲ·ҲûϳҲûԼ
̾ȥѧãСѧ򣬸лԼСȻջʱͻȻֺôһȺˣڹ¯Ǳߡ
¯и񣬹ѧͣȵһڿʱүԶ񣬸Ҽȡ
Ҳ֪﷢ʲôǰҲ̫ȥ¯Ϊϲġ쿴ǱôˣԼθҲȻֳԵȺİɡ
ֱߵ¯棬Ҳ״ɶֻǷѾؼȺǰͷţѼʳϵǲ㡣ǵطȵÿ죬ˮݲôܱ࣬ʳԭ֭ԭζ
ȻֲҪ׷Ʒʵġ
ʳɨ˴Ķ޷ҲǺͰӡȻŲһʱֲ
һĥɽѧǰǧ궼ٶľ󣬾޽еĺ
öȣöööȣǸˡɰĹ⡣
ֲ¿Աͬѧ̾Ķʲôˣ
𣿣
Ȱ
˭ȣôҪʲô
Լȫˣʲôʲô
ֲȺ룬ˣȵĿģһһ͡                        
лҪ˵ͯƴүߣǰĿɰ
ǿɰ+⡣

20

ֲȫУͬѧԭǸ۵ĴڡȻׯǰֳ̫۸μû⵽˵ʲô
Ƭ֮ȺǱһĳЦ緹˭һ˿ôȰֲɵ
ֲüͷһֻ˲ǰͬѧһСϿӿݵؿԼ
Լ벻˭
֮ǰֹԭĳ˵ĸ̫࣬ôԺʱհף벻Ϣ
ֻʱرһµˣļܻ
ǣֲĳЦͷת뿪¯
ŮıӰЦøˣ
ǿǼֲļֲʶɣҸǶ
ⱻ˵һ䣬ȥ˰ɣ
ȻûЦͻȻߵ֮ļֲס˽ţתһһߵȺߡ
۾졢ϸɸɾȫ޹ӣ˳Ľëһ˿Ϸʡ
ֲߵǰŸ첲ЦҿͳҲûõʲôزɡڹҽе
ֲıȺķӦٶ뿪
ڶ뿪ˣֲŰѸղŹ䵽һļȥ
ǳѡϵҲݺ۸ԭֲġֻϲ۸ѡϲ۸
һӣֲİͺɳûԷֻöһӡϵһ»Ůͬѧڷѧĸѡڵ
ʱѡİΣ齻Ȼǰȴмһ˵ģ˵ֲ֤һ࣬ô۸㣿
ԭֲó»æ֤»Ҳ±ѡ۸ҳͷ¶Ͳ֮ˡ
ΪˣԭֲŲòϰ߳ʳԶ¯ˡ
뵽ֲԼԼ̾ԭ㰮Ǳ۸ġһΪһΪĸܱԭأʲôɳһ
ֲֵѧϰãôţܺͼˡ
ѡŻԼԼԤУҪˡ
ҪǴ¼ɣ
룬ҿμ͵ȥҰƣңҲʹȥ
ֲո̤ҵһ̣ͬѧؽȳȶ̵ġȻǿֲ֮󣬺Ȼ졣
һŤͷԭȼ
ȼһӡԾһ飺ѧһܵʱˣڻǲ̫ڵʵˮƽһƵ׿ԡΪʦĽѧţʱȽϽաϲҪ뿪ҡ
*
¶ʵ̫硣
μԽҪԽμˡ
ֲļٵдӣ·һһЩһЩֻ֮ǰԭֲȷʸһ㡣
ÿÿ¿죬Լֲʹ
ڿΣڰÿž3/4ĳ̶ȣͻվž̨
ȼ۵΢΢죬޳ָӹſ˼ۣͰŲ߳ȥŮ˻ûдꡣ
ֲҲд
̨µͬѧЦšȻ۶ﻹǲģƫͷһһ㣬ϵƵģǇNɪ
ȼǶԼֲ˽ȫȻֲ֪ͬװ
дģҲϣˣš˵վͰѾصֲС
ֲ̾һӡӻصλϡЩհ׵ĵطҲҪռһڿεʱ䣬ʵûǰҰˡ
ддţͻȻеԱԭһǳǳĺ춯䡣һֻǽڷʳָľӣǻᣬװᡣ
ֲʦô֪һ᣿
̲סˣʦֲǿѧһҵдúãʵĲᡣ
ȼû֨תص̨ϡ
ʱһֽûע⣬ѸƵ˼ֲǰֽдţҲ߱˵㶼ġⳡԾǶס֪ʶˣԺҪ㲹֪ʶ
ֲ
治벹֪ʶ֪ʶҲᡣ
ңʵڲⲻȼˮܾǸ̫Լ͹龫æ˿ڣҲܶ׷½䱸
֮ǰǱӣ׾߹ɽϪˮ׷׸Сģȴĸ֪֪׵ѣҪԼĵȫȥ
ǣѽȼֽ۰ѡˮУԡˡˮУԡ
ȵһڿˣȼôҰоӽ
ڼֲ󽻾ӣǴٳľһۣתֲⲻ˰ɣ˵ʲô¿أܿ㶼У
ֲ׼¯Ǳܣͷ˵һ䣺дˣ
治Ӧôġ

ȼԻ˾ӣɫԽ۵׵ӿ
*
ֲ¯ȥȻǱѲ糿ˣٲȻ
ѧȥȡͣԼĺ֮߱ľ뿪ˣڳλӸˡ
ֲԴ˿һһŴĿĵӴȫˡ

ŶǡҲţ
Ƕôأ
֪
͵ˣ
ôܡһȫУͬѧῴɡͱˡ
ҲǣϾͨ
˵ôɶʱߵģôϢô
ȡ
ȫУȰɡ찡ǵǺηʥ
ޣ⽨š
ֲ鲻ʲôˣĵ׼ʧ䣺Ʒôȣôߣκ˷֣žǲԼԼκλᡣ
ɢʳĶһݺݵءһ
ȻѾȫθˡ
ֲȡԼ緹֮ȥҰƣһҲãһҲУǹŽԼİ˼룬һҪ½Ȼˡ
˭֪һ´ɸӣ͸еӵķȥʱͬڳġ
뿪򿪸ӣɳʳһԼܿƬԭˮľ²Ҷ

Ȼѡ۶ӡ
ӡţֱӰһɳڸǶŷϵͼʧˮţû˰ɣûзˣûзɣϴ롣
̧ͷԶѡļԼЦ
ô˼ֲ㲻ţô㵹ǳ㵹ﰡӴ
ʵںܴЦ졣
Ⱥ
˭ֱֲ۸𣿡
԰װˣÿ
Ҫڿʼ
Уǰ˵
ҽеҸһڷԡ
Ȼ˭Ӳ֪ʲôطðһ¼ֲĺ󱳣קסĸ첲Ų๵
תͷ
ʵһӴȣɫ峺Ͼ
ߣȥҳԡ                        
лҪ˵һ¿ʼVˣ
ĴղءȦжڸҴǮˬֺЦң
İ
Ůѧƺ²ۣԱ춼ûб£绻ϡ
⻰ݼ֮ˡ
˵ϰ
ǣһӰۣﱻ˴
ܶɶݳϵǡ
죬ԸͿʮں졣
ϴ
Ůѧȵȣأĵгʲô
*
ӰۡȺԼᶨʱһƶŮѧÿǮ֡
ΪߵԼøùǷ׷׸ϴǮˣ׼Ѳ
Ƕ˯һеϤ֮ɤ˵㻳ǸĻ̶ȲߵСӣ

21

һʵꡣ
, 峺ɽּ䣬¶ˮ׹ҶƬ۽˳, ҹ, µ
봽ӵĻߡȫȻĸ˵ģ껭ޡĸ׿, Ѹ̥ǰطɿɳأ
һһֻ, һסѾļֲߡ
ֲĶǰ鷢ζķڱ˴м䴩, ֯żֲĲ벻
ʱ·ͣ͡
˵ɫ, ǰֻһˡ
ֲ˵á
һ, żֲٱܡ
֮ϸܵĺ, Щ΢ʪϣżӿĺܵɰȫ͸ꡣ
ֲʹԼ˫ȶ, һֱ˺ܾúܾ, , Χĳֹ, ŷԼھѧУԶĥɽϡ
꿴һܵÿ졣ǣ˭֣˭ͺܵһ졣
ֲע⵽˵ȻȽֺҲ֮ǰֺ졣
Ҫһһ¡ֲϥã̧ͷſòֻô, ÿһֻðʵɢޱ˵ζ
ֲѾ⵽Щеôȵݵǰ㣬Ѿˡ
ֲҡҡͷȲ׼ӹô
㿴Ϊʲôңǻ𣿡ĵǣίʱȲʳ仰
ʳ֮žԼ顣ϱӸЩ߰˰ˣĸìˣһپҲͺˡ˭뵽ⱲһֻСƻǡ
ƳĽë˲ֲŵˡ˵ûѣǺ˵˸꾫ˡ
ֲЦ
ƭҡ
˺ˣ꾫ͺ꾫ɣҪһӣҲ̫ˣջξѧУôóȻ±˷𣿡
걧ϥǣԶɽͣС˵ңҷϣѧϰදܾˡ
ֲ
ְɢô쵽ֲǰ԰ΪʲôԣժղݣŪˡϣŷŵѧУ˵ģóԵĺܡ
ֲ¡
ҲҰ
һЦҰáҲҰõġ
ǰǽôҰпЯڶڵļ棬γ桢ԭ桢ëϸ߳桢Ƭ桢ձѪ桢βʡͷʣпЯ棬ܴعȡQȺͳѪȡ
⻰˵ͦ˳ǲˡ
ֲֵǲҰ
ֹסҲҰȦġҰǻҲ˵ôҰŵֳϴסװ˹ۡΪ˶žҰҲˣκΡϴסĻᡣ
ֲ˵Ǻðɣǲ͵
ʳָ촽ϡֲȵָᶶ£˵ҶġҲ͵ģͬѧҲҷŻȥˡҰתѧʱ͵ĸѧУҲȥˡ
ֲɻ󣺡⡪
껺ɣ
ɽϦʡɽϣм˵ӱصĻ͵ߡ
͵ߺİСʱڣС
Ƽ⵽ɽϦʡ˵ػһ٣Ǽ˵˻ȥǼΪ˴лѲӸִǧ֮ɽϡ
Ȼüֲ֮ǰĶｻ|֪ʶôһҰ͵ӡ
ֲʱӦͷΪˡ
ҲףֻʲôǶûʲôǸ㲻ġֻǡòѽôܸԵģθôҲܰǴֵشѧУʵڲУɽҰʳŪȡ
С֣ϸϸһƻʱ⡣ҶѳԵ⣬һֻֻӣɽϵҰζҲ鹫һֻѾ˾ˣ˵ôôࡣ
żֲһһߵͷõģ´βˣ´δصġ
ֲϣ㵽׳Բԣ
ֲӹȣŵһ˿Υζ׼졭
Ż
ƣ
ֲ˼һΪͷˡһǿܺþúþòˣһζܡ˰һǳذɡƣܰҸҰɽݮ𣿡
ƿһôˡ
ֲ㣬ĥĥģȻһϿˣ
ƣŮ˻ˡ
*
קܻѧãУſڱȻֿһȥСѧһȥ˳в
СѧǱû˿ƷżȺȡȣߺܶ˶ĿֲǸġʶһֲ࣬˭ôôȰ˴𣿡
ûüӦԱҡܣôܿ̽ġ
ֲۣΪӵ¶ڸĿ
Աߵ˳ֵ̾ѽСѧҿͦͦģ˵ǳһѧҲֲʵҲʶɣֻǿû緹ˣȣ
ôܲʶ޴żֲ˵·ֲˡеС
ͬѧǣ
һżֲ߻صԼλϣԴұһĿͣͿʼˡ
ȻɻҰһûãֲ˵̸
ֲҲ̫˰ɣɶʱʶһˡ
Īһޣ
ޣԼҶˣôޣ
ţ̵׽Ьһϣһ죬Ūȫ˶ȥ
˵ˣ˭˵˭
֮ǰԼֲɷģǽ췢ԭ򵥣һֻȣ亱Ľȡ˭ô״һͣģҲűһ
ֲۡ
ʳ
ס
ҵ۷һԾ⵽ıӣ˵۸ҲԹۡȻһЩȣһУ԰ԼϢģʰˡ
ҪԭֲܺͰƸùϵǻܾҰζģһȺҰһȺҰһȺҰѧУǿԵģǳùڰ
Ͽˡʱȼ߽ţ̨ϣ˫ֳסҵ΢΢Ͼ֣ͬѧǵעת˹
磬˵һ¡ڰͬѧ۰ͬѧװװɳӡ˵ǰҲͬѧûһæ֤˵ġϣмԶͬѧ
ɤӣȻҪ£ҲŽƣͬѧܵΣ
˵գʣֲǲûúóԷҸУ˵¡ѡǴû
ŮС棺
ȼ
Ů˺öء
ȼ ʲôȣ
ŮڴҵĿлƵվûȣûʲôȡʦĶĿˡ
󣬼ֲڳŵУӳءһ֤ס
ʮڸ㵽һСҰɽݮĲ                        
лҪ˵Ұÿ֪ʶԴڰٶȰٿơ

22

ֲȼ칫, ӹȵ
տʼָƤٵ, ȻŪ˼ºЧ̫, ʵи𣿸һ
ȼݸһףվпڰ칫ԡ˫ȼɢ, Ҳÿʡ
ȤؿżֲƳһ, һһԡ
һûôԡ
ֲǵȻˣϾûԹ˹Ƿѽ, ӳԶǿԵġ
ֱ۵һθУڻ̤ʵ, ΢Ц
ȼѵüЦ, ¶, 취𣿡
ֲҭһ¡ȼϽƤ˱ˮˮ˳˳˵е㼬֡
֮ǰ½˽, ȼԽԽ, Ҳ˵, ˷Ѵǰ;, ĹĴȥҽˣͲȰˣ
ֲԣͣʲô˷Ѵǰ;ҽҲйδˣ޶ȷ֯ŮҪˡ
, Ȼһתȼʦһ仰ҽҽһǰһġ
ͻȻûʲôû
Ȼֲԭһ˫ˮٶȴֿ˵ҽһررãǿҽ㿼һҽ㡣
ȼһûǺס
Ÿ첲Ӱ칫ǰŲ۾ƽӿ㶺أţ
ƣɰֽһĶϢǵϣЩ̵ֲۡһһ㣬֪˵ʲô
ȼ¿ֱվãͼֲ˵ˣˡȥϿΡǽڿΣҾҪ뿪һˡʡǱ·ҿͼֽҪʮ졣ʦǴΡ
ֲЦҽ㰡
۾һƳİɣضŵɣûô¡

Ȼһڿϣεſ˵˽ȼҪȥʡμ·¶
ſǸ̷֪࣬ȺͲñСٵĳΪɬαȻЩֶ
˵ʵҲûɶѧǾ͹ͬѧϰɡ
ѧ󣬼ֲڰ̾Ҷ᲻뿪ȼǶ̱
˽ţһ¶ȥСѧȻ֪Ƹʦ˼٣ÿȱһĵ׶ٻЩڴ
Ͼ˵ĸҽˣһԼһѧؼأ
ȻԴյϣһӿյֻĸСڴɨ
ʣСѣǸתУأ
һ꼶λСһȵˮѾȫȻ񰢻Ѹٳɳѽڳζ˵ģӵǸ
ֲҪ뿪ͻȻ¶ְλزӣĸλѽˡܸ𣿡
иСһһָǣ
ֲСѴк߽ңûһ飬ֻһǷһ龫ӡ
ʲô
Сƺֲϵɻ󣺡ǰƺˮõġ
ֲ˭龫ӺˮġҪСѿܾûʲô΢ĺӿΪڻʽŸء
򿪿ͳֻʼ£ȱαˮ衢ӡӡ
*
Щ飬ֲһ˻ؼҡеȡ
ǰԼؼҲȣΪԭͲûϣҲ㲻ʧ
˸ѣȴֲܺһߣϸϸܵί
ĥɽɽøߣ·;Ŀİ岽һҲԵúܳ

ѹţȻһɽӴúߺͣеСӶѾͷ
ȻɫЩ졣
ǳ
壿
ȼŶܡ
㲻⵽˭ģʲôˣŽ
ֲĵ˭һ˲ţôֶܴӡ
ԽԽˣ˷ɽԽԽ죬ֲſò
һӲͷСۣӡ˲ѡ
ѡں治ظţװǻƵǰͬѧҪŽСڱİ۸ǵ˵ʱ򡣡
ôֲǰͬѧأǸŽ
ֲǰѾ۳ˡѧȼѧͦ
ѡֲ˼Ļᣬ첽ǰȭͷһȭҪŮ̫ѨͫȻ
ЦšŮľǻá緹ѧУûҪУǹǴһ糿ʼͲʵˣǷ١
˭ϼֲͻȻѸƫͷ㿪һȭһЦֶסѡ
ȵȰѧȼѧúܵλǻǷ
ŤŤȥԼȻѲ˵ѡ
ֲҰͷɼ·пժһѡϣ㻹ðߣϵô
ѡʱ׼㰡ͬѧ
żֲǿ顰ѡѿһȭ˹˭ϼֲǡɵرܿˡ
˵ôһڻؼҵ·ˡ
ѡ±᣿
ֲ°ѱ̫ˣ˳Ҫҽҩѣҽ̧Ҳ㡣
˵գͻȻѡԴһģðǵʱ򣬰Ⱦˡ
ܵͦ죬ҲѡֵػָԼܡ
溰ֵܣ򲻹뿪ǼӾֵܣͳһû˽̣
ܲ׷˵ѡɶ˽̣˵Ҳǲ̫Լİ
*
ֲؽ˴֪ԼǰȫˡٶڴھС㳡졣˶ţѡ¶
һЩƣߵԼԺڣԺ
Сֳϥģ˺ôһô˼ӣ˭׷أҪ۸𣿡
ֲȷ磺̲ס۸ˡʱǺǰһ˴Ѿˡ
ֱߵſڣˮưҪҨˮȡ
𡭡ûտأ࣡
ֲˣཹཹˮû¶ˮҲզ࣬ܺȵģԺɾͲˡ
Ҳһ˵ֵĻˡ˼⻰ʲô˼һҲνŽԺšһ̧ۣһӦⲻǱģûڶӦֲܵȥģӦþˡ
ǷǳߵġտʼԽȼʱ涼޲ëȦΧסֻеڻŵӣܺôֱ˵ЩȥҽȼѾǳԽˡ
ԣпܻ۸õİڴġ
㣬˭
ֲˮư߹˹ѡﰡĵģҼҳԷ
ѡȻЦú
֪ȵ¶𣿡
ֲɫȻҭϡ
ȫȻ֪ĸʳǲ֪Ķ˭
ѡôһ˵Һܿͻףϴ͸ɹǸ껭ޡʵʶֲǺӲֻȡʱڣΣա
ѡֲı飬ϵԼûʣ
֪һС¶𣿡
֪Сֻȵ¶𣿡
ӴͱҲ㲻ǲҸǣ
ţȻסˡ

ֲҲסˡ
վԺűƿһֶ꣬룬ÿ꣬̽ͷ˵ö㰡˵ʲôأҵ¶𣿡

23

һֻ, ӷ
ͫ峺īϱƽ, һ飺ô˴, Ҫʲô飿
ѡȻ֪⺢ʶֲ֮ǰѧУʱ, ɲΪʲô
˿ӵ޾ô, ˵龫ӵˮȡ
˵ģ˼ʳѧļֲԺһͥ, Զݶ㡣
ǰ˵ģֲô, Բ, Сһһ, Ҫ౯ж౯ߡ
ֻթһ£üֲ֪һΣշ, ˭뵽⺢ͳڼֲˡ

Ҫ֪, ǽĶ, Ҽһ԰, ׻İֻڷڰá
ѡҲͳԹһ游ȥʡ̽ʱԵġڳݼ䷭ƶƵĸסͷô֡ôɤӡʱҲͳһ룬޲һسԣζˡ
ѡȻ, ȻϷӦӴ㰡ҵҪˣҴôȣҴºӽף
ͬѧ´ˡȻ󣿡
ѡ԰ôô
˼Ƭ̣óһΪĽۣ
ҹϵһ㡭ԣ͵͵ӣӣŪô棡Ե
ֲѾȥˡüͷһģǰɴˡѡҼҷɣ㲻һëȥҴӳȥ̰Ӧô죡
ѡȻǰ˵ģӳԼֲĪϲ汻ӳǶǽ̫ܲ
һüͷµǺӵ˵˵ģ
ͬѧ˼Ȼĳһ仰Ǹ׽ģҶˣ˵ҪȥôԶĵطѧͶˡ㲻׽Ұ𡣡
ֲɾĻǣſھ
ѡ㡭˭һ׽ôֻҰӣ˵׽׽Ϊɶ㣿
ͬѧÿɵӵΪѹȱӰӶ׽ѽѩɽӽӡÿֻÿֻһ
ֽҰӵϰԡֲصϲãһ
ѡĿɿڴǸһͲǱģ׽˺ܾҰӵģԡͺɽϵӳϦ飬עӻƵġ
û˭ô˽ҰãǽᶼǸɻ޲һȫ
ֱͬѧ˵һ䣺ҽˡҲûáΪڴˣûӽӡˡŶҷҰҲ̫ãɶˣ㲻ҪҰζ
ѡŽ˰죬һǳԲǲ
ƼˣҲƲ˻ͬѧ߼˸ɣŭߵˡ
ƿԶˣСӣֲԲ𰡣ղšҲǹ˵ģ治ҰģΪˡѽ֪Ҳôˣô鷳
ֲ粽ţһ޹İƽȥš
еģ֪˵û취㡣զˡ˵һôҶˡ㶼֪жż
Բղæû泳졣
һݣŮ˵ϽֲզͿ˵˼СѶ˵ˣĺѣҶ֪ôõأ˼£Ͻ
ֲ
򰢻ơ
ףզ˵ģ
ûڣԲͿʼˣ㿴㣬̬ȡ˼ѧġ˵ǰɽϻȹԷأô¶զʲôͼ˵أ
ͬѧȻͺˣϷΡ
û¶Ị̣̇Ǹ
Ťͷͼֲҷѧģ·ڴ̫СˡֲᲹ·Ҳûб·ðץʱҸһġ
ֲˡԷ̯ĲƬӣ裬ȥİɡĵǼûɣ˳Ҳһɡ
ֲô˵е㾪ϲð̸·ˣ
ֲЦţҵܻܵΪĵܵˡ
ͷܲҰ׿㣬ϾҪˡԲѾĺһ·ðƻϣ˵ĺõڶ֮üֲӵѧУȥͳɡ
ǰƾ뿪˵ԼסԶˡ
ԲüֲƱʾ˵ͣܵúܿܿ졣Բͬˡ
ȰˣԲ۾ﷺϧüͷͼֲ˵⺢ӳͦ죬ġо·ܿͲܴˡ⺢ͦģ˵ûûһסҪôԶѧУȥѧ
ֲͷҲЩ˸Сǵģһֻסɽ¶Լһ˿ճ俴ǹ⣬ò׻Σ顣ȻÿÿҹҪһֻ˯ɽּį塣
Ȼֲһ¶Ϊ𣿣ۼģҶûԹ
ԲЦ壬Ůۼˣ˸ۼһҾ͸ֲСˡ
ֲΪʲôֻаѽ
Բ͹һ˵ġ
ֲ͹һ˵ģﻹԼ֮ĳԡ
ԲЦСѸۼһأզˣҾͲܸ˼ˣ
˵գָӼѳȺõֻȶ˵ҪǶĻԼӼӲ͡
Щ㡢󡭡
ֲչȥһӣǷһŻ
һʵذɡ
*
ҹֲڵ·ɿдҵóݸ屾ʱͻȻڷѧʱ뵽¡
Ƹոᣬʲôȱ׼һЩһܿĵġ
뵽鱾ȥĹһͨѰңٵһµĿղӡϴɣˮá
ֻصȥͷңȻȴûҵĿ
ʼ㣬Сѧαأ
ǿαǽģСҲһ꼶ˣͻȥˡôҪʲô
ֲ˼·߳ȥȥȵСҿαȥ
£ľͲ࣬αҲ࣬ǽȥġ
֪еѣҲܷ
֪ʶðƴɱΨһ·αǰƽĽݡѧôûпαѽ
̤ǹ⣬ŴЩкӵ˰Ұţһһš
ȻֲţŷǺӵĿαǽ˾Ҳˡ
ȥ·ߣӲͷƤȥһȥҵˡ

£֨ѽһ졣
˭ѽ´ӳţ۾Цгһ죬ҳ𣿡
ֲһһۣ¿űʸҵ
ӳ˵ʣûһ꼶ȫ׿α
´ӳüֲͰ˵УǶһ¡Ŀαȫأһ䡭˵գȥ˱ݡ
ֲϣųΡλͣ±ʸӣ˼ЦС˵ôֲСѧαò̫࣬ͷʼѧ
ֲһˣҾͲֶˡ
һڣ˵ˡ
ȳ´ӳֲһл˵壬Ҳǰһܵܽġһ꼶ܰѧϰܿ죬ֻʵûαġ
ӳϷЦ⣺治ʶôమѧϰСѡʶ˶ǰܵģûϢԺɶҪѧϰ
棺ѧϰɶãڿҲѧ˲һֵ𣿡
ӳɫһ䡣Ȼŵλãû棬Է·˶Ӻһƣѹ˵Ҷ˵˶ٴˣֲҲúţֻǧҪ߱ˡ֪ʶԽԽãΪٹ˼꣬Ҫָ߿ˣ
ֲզ¶֪                        
лҪ˵Ҳ²³´ӳզ¶
*
ͷдúû֡

24

´ӳ˵, üֲӿ
1975뻪Ļָ˸߿, ˲Ԥ, ¶ôµġ
סӳӣΪƼҶ΢΢, ˭˵ϢԼ뵽, ˵ģ
´ӳɫһͣ˵ģԼ֪ͺ, ǧҪй¶ˡ
뿪ңֲ·, ָڵϻȦȦ¶ȷʵǴӳֵ, ӦûԼһ, ǲ˺ظ߱ˣ1975, 治֪ôˡ
, ߳´ӳܵ, аĻ˵, аأδ᲻ΪǰԤ֪¼ıǳΣյľٶأ
ȦȦֿʼһ룬Ȼսһ£˾ΪʲôҪܸ߳´ӳϵٺãҲ˷ա, ǲġôʣһֿܡ
֪´ӳվϢ©ӣ©ˡͻ̽ûĴԽߡ
ָͣסΪ뷨塣
ιءϴһͷҵؼңҼſڻȦȦ
ֲȻûע⵽
ϥЩᡣȻǷʱ
żֲֵ飬ôˣѵҲҵ˵ָ߿ʲôģ
ֲҧ´˼һ˵Ҳ֪˵öԲԡΪȷʵüúö顣
ЦЦˡҵҼУ˵ʲô˼˻Ǽֵءǰϸ˵ֵֹĻҲŲ
ֲһ𣺡£˵ʲô
Ȼͣסˡ˫üһ壺ǰ㣬㻹浱ôľ
㻹֪δ£ɣĵ¶ʹƲʲôġ
ֲǲС
ҲˡҼΪ±κһжҪ

ֲĵδʲôȫңҲ֪˭Щ͸¶ġ
һ룬סˡֲѧ´ӳһĺףҪҡĻԺ㡮켸ôˡ
űˣ
*
ͼֲһڿϷȥĻһֲΪһİԽߵ¶ǣԼǰ;
ǰδ˵Ļ棬ǰԤϰĸˣȻںӰ￴ֲ˰ȦȦȴΪԼúúⷬ¡
Ȳȥ˵ĵ治棬Щ㲻龿ʲôãңǴ˵еĸ߿ˣԼˣĺܿ
ȥһֱʧߵ賿ĵ㣬΢˯˻͵㣬ǳŸݵʱ
ֲ֪ÿ춼ʲôطݣ׼ȥǶ˵˵ʲôԺʲô
뵽ԼȻһȥǸѾͷ飬ҲԼˡ
Ȼ˺ɽ׼Ǹﻹ˳Ĺʱ
˳ں˴ܡ
ֲһſŵĴϣȭͷһһ³ţҽ͵ݣüˣҿݶͼˣԭ͵ģ
໡ţżֲµȭͷŤȴŤΧķĭʯⳡҪ˵Ҿжҡ
ԱߺöΧţȴǴǺӣοֲҪ˭ǻҪˬֹͣ
֪ôȥǸʲôֲȻҲýиͣˣˣˣ˵ôŸɶ
иСųػش磬þˡ
ʲô
ͷʹһԭǼǸСߵǰףҲˣǿѪԭĶ˫۵αʹƳᡣ
ֲ֣ǻڼϣΪҾͲ㡣Ϊ㳤øһҾͲ㣡ˣ͵ݣҪҪܳ
ڳԼֲ࣬ľٶҧ˫һС
໣ˣˣҰݻ㲻ɣ
ֲЦˣ¶ݻҾܽ壬壬ҵ϶Լ¶ɲɣڴ͵ʱ͵㶼ж壬ôһô
Ǳˡ壬ǲǴڿҲ͵͵Űɣ͵ϱ͵
һˡеĸֱסСѵĶ䡣Ҳˣʲô֮ʣ
ǰľľʵֲȻ˵ĻҲų֮κ˵ֻ
ȼֲӼϷȺɢˡ޿ֵȥԶĵطݣ¸ݡֲʲôҲûϵĻңޱҲ˸ط
˹Ҵûǰˡ
ֲ̧ۿ켸

ֲ켸¶Ժѧѧһߡ
Ϊɶ
ֲ۸ҵе࣬ղס֣ǸˡҲѡΪ˺ƽӦԱߣһƽ
Цãûм˻߼֮
*
Ȼʱͱڼֲſˡ
һʼĬԡɽͷϣų磬СðеŤ
ֲһͷۣѡһСåڣҲʲô
ֲ˺һ󣬲ʣɶôˣСѸϷء
һֲӣզģôǡﳯ
ֲǺЦŶ㿪˵˺ˣ
һ¶첽ǰʼֲ¶ҺͻȻıҲֵֹģǲҲ֪Щʲôڸ߿Щ
ֲӻ֣ûɶҲסͼסɣ㱾ѧϰУԴҲӰѾĻ˵вǰ;˵ĲȥⱲҲĵƦʹû׼ͼһС̫ȥˣСᡣ
ιһȻȷʲôȴֻȻʵĸоǵģȻ֪ᷢʲô£ǲҲˡ
˵ඥлл㰡
ɽᴵǵ
ȳһ֦ɵǰ
ֲһ֪ԼĻѾпܻŤתһǱڶԵ
ʱ֮󣬶ǲ⣬˶Լļ֮ͥ⣬Ҳûж˲ʲôõӰ졣
Ȼ죬ôһô򵥵£õһķ
֮ǰ2020ûйĸܡǻűţһֻ׳ͺãҪ֪ô֡ܶһЩǮϣʲôſ忪
ԽԽģȫû⵽иСС˶ӺյԼ첲ϡ
峺ۣǺôôҪһѧ
ʲôඥ
ֲûô˵Ϳβӹһ˿ɱ⣬ָۿɼٶȳųһֻֻļצ
ĪɣúԿǣ                        
лҪ˵ֲƴүж𰡰
*
6㻹һСŮڿ֣˺öʳ
лһжĵıں̨һĿǵ֣ţ棡
һ͵

25

ֲûмССֳŨɱ
Ŀ, ëצżĺ, һָ絶һ, ǰĳ
ͬʱƴ, Ա߿, Բľҡڣɰʯͷɡ
˫쵽Ҹ£СֻһԱݺൽ, Աһ
ͣ£
ûң
ǰͻȻĶŤͷ, ȴֲһ۾峺޹Сꡣ
˫գգ, ˫ַڼֱֲ, Ҫ˵ȣҪ˵ǿ, ܾ滹бĶô£
Ӵ, ⲻǸѧô, Ǹʲôأʡ
ֲû, 档
˵ǣ㡣
Ŷһ£Ȼ̧ͷ䣺ţҲû˵갡
ֲλ·ܺ绽ꡣ
Ƶı鲢δиæԳ˵Ǹ, ղСඥʲô˼ءҲ̫ףɡ
õģ򰢻ƻΪԼȱұء
дʺţǿһӣֲͬѧȻŬѧϰȻЩ֪ʶǲ̫ģѧʶߣúõضŰƽ
Žţŷһ⣬⺢ӵıԽԽͣƺҲԽԽˣղǹаҲԽԽƽɢȥɳʯҲ
ˣͷ⵽զ¶ˣĸһҲ쵽ѧУˣֲҲ㣬뿪ֵġܶ顱
ֲͰһĬ˼ֱǰֲһֱ̲ס̧ȥСýģССĲΪ˸ϼֲĴȶƴŲЩµģ˼֣ɽ·̱ˣûͱ˽˵Ϊ˵ˡඥһֻǸɱġ
ֲѲ˼֡
קŰƵֶֻ˶ģСʣǸɱҰζʱҲ𣿡
ôɳʯ籩ġ
ֲȻϲź̡ù
ɽҰζðɡ
룬Ťͷ۾żֲô𣿡
ֲ۾ʪģӤһʪˣôףôܱôÿӡһˣտʼе㣬ǺûˡΪ֪˭
ƵͷšɱҰζʱ򣬲Ƕܼ򵥡ҹָǾԶˡֲıЩ㤣ֲ䣺úܿ֡һƻǣǱԸ
˵仰ֲּıˡ
ֲ룬ɱײа룬һһհһҪˡ
ƾԼ˵˻еΡʱѾߵСѧſˣ÷ֱֵķΧˡ
ϲأ̽Ұ˰ɡƵ
ֲ˵ͷ
ˣȻס
ֲЩҪǰ׼һϵｻӡźúѧϰϵ´ˮ͸ӣ±±NһСѧһ꼶α
Ƹж˵ʪĽëһһҲţʱѾȫǸɱѪǺ޹ϵˡҡҡֲ˫֣ѽ¾ôһ磬Ҳ治뿪㰡
*
ļ磬ֲͰƳΪѺõʹһѧͻһǣַܵĥɽɼٶȲκ׷ٵ
ֲӼǿĶͰһȻ̰ƱϸָҰˡ
Ұ˱Ͷ࣬ɽҰֻҼһæϾֶڴɽİ˵ȴڵõӦ֡
ֲһһ֡ͷһѧǴžݱԵˣڶѧǿԳúܸߺܸߵĻһҲˣѧҶƬԲˡǰѧǡڵ̫졣ѧ̫Ļɽͺˡ
ֲҲ֪ôġ
һֲ֮󣬰ƾͻᡰһµشߣ´ͺá
ȹ˴ԼСʱλСͬѧƱشһĳҰʵġϻģ֣滹һСѼֲҰɽݮ
߸˵سԵҰɽݮٽϴҰˣθһһ裬ʵ򵥵ζڳʣģƻÿǰ뿪ѧУ͵ֲҡ
ձûƳһյʱܻޣֲʱµȰƣⲢһİ1975ԼǰһСʱȫеĽ硣
ǻҶߣûв֣ãҰûõĴȻͿαдһǡõĴȻ
ڼֲпֵɫ
ֲ˵ƣȻ㻹Сǵúúѧϰô˽ҰԺԺȥоҰζϵĲòãһòѧչ
¶صͷ
˵ҰΪƽôӴϵĺܶഫȾΣһȥӴˣôϸʲôľ͹ȥˡʱЩ֣Ⱥ׻ȾôȾԾͻǿʾͻܸߡ
ֲʪۣϣδһôҲҪҰζһ棬ǰЩİĲȥѧáǺãҵӦķֺ˼䡣
˵
㻹ǵϵĵһ˵Ļ2020
Ŭһ㣬Ŭһ㣬ʱңͲˡ
ȻʹĻⲻɡֻһССӣһһǵѿ˭Ҳ֪ʵͷδɳΪʲôľ
ڵǰĽ׶ΣԶɡһڴϧʱ⣬еʱֲ糿磬ҲһĽ˵ʲôϣʱ㵽
ȵϿˣõ˲ŻǣѸٴĥɽܵѧУȥԵİ༶
*
죬ֲͰǣִĥɽʱ򣬼ֲȻŲһͣϤˣòĽȼ
ȼһȥĴԭѹ΢աȻȴʣУ԰ſڳΪƵƵĿһ羰
ҲѲͣס
ȼкˡŮ˫죬۾ٲܼķĵЦȻȥͺСȴӢ㴩Ź·Ҳڸǲסʡ
¶ˮɽˣǻ˵ˣӳꡣ
ȼüë˵
ãСѣһμֲ˭
꿴ȼֲϵĲһ㣬˵۾йСɣһ㵱ǰ׵Ķ
ɿֲ֣ߵȼǰ棬Ŀɾ̹ϣʦãǼֲֿѣջơ
ȼͷСѿȥܶòҲӵĺӲһ
òС˵ҲСˣҵǧˡ
ֲ
ȼ                        
лҪ˵ֲд
ƴү졣

26

ѧУſ˲, ƺܵһмµһöذըء
ֲʲô, ǧꣿǰôȡô, ʵ϶쵱ˣ
֪ûЩֲһϴɽϽֹǻһ, ѸٰԼ
˼ʦ, ҸС˵ˣСҽѽ
ڼֲգ峺Ĵ۾0V0
ȼ߱úܽƬ, ŵС˵
ֲ԰μǡʦ, Ȼ, ⲻʲô, ǹմյдͶƷ⽨ȼƶȵ, ǻۡѵһĺ顣
ȼ˵ͷ, ˾ȥϿΰɡ, Ŀһַֿ, ֱ˸ԵĽѧ¥
ڹǱߴ߰죬֪ʱѾ˵ѧУһЩš˵ľСѧǸѧѧϰȷɿ죬ӡ
˵˻ڿĿİͰ͵ƴʱ, ѾܹεĶ䣻˻ʮڼӼʱѾ㼦ͬˡΪʲôôã˵ΪҾóЩѽǧֻѣûá
ʱλ֪̾ɼС츳ḻ
֮⣬ڡȻеơ
һΣʦ̴ʶȣôҾֻش˽⣬ͦСĵصͬѧͬѧһʮӵĿα˶ݽСһֱܵ˽|䡢лȵȣʦţȺ78СĿɿڴ
֪˵ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôô˵ǰȽȫԳˡ
ȼζؿСѧķ
벻ӺͼֲϵǱѰң˼Ȼ˵Լǧꡣ
һڿ¿ΣȼŲСѧһ꼶ſڣһ潲̨˵ʦǰһͬѧ졣һŹ֣㣬

λԳǧġСѡһ˵Ļң˸һţȼԿװӷơһǳɣˮ
ƿǱƹ̬ƣҲŵӾǿۻǰڰ屨ȻͶǰ֪ˮˮǳĳϡ
ʦҪʲô⡰Сѡʡ
ȼɽأһʲô
ƣڽʦһǡɽá
ȼһЦվǰӸµؼʣΪʲôأ
ƣΪܳҰζ
ȼȷˡ첲˹˵ԣûμǡֲڰ㣬ǧꡣ
λСԴѽǱ㷢ˡ
ưһ״̬ɳڡɢʱһкӡ֪Ϊʲôôʱýȼıˡ
֮ǰҰ͵ģ
ԡ
֮ǰ񵰣ģ
ԡ
˵ȥͻȻڷʣЭģ
ԡ
ƿǰüͷ壬ĥѾЩֺܾˡֲǰֻһͨŮ򵥡ҲǴȥ֮ͻȻúˣǰˡǲɵģ
ֵΪʲôϼֲֻһ;ͬ顣Ầ㡪
Ц¶һڲõСеýȼЩʧ񣺡ʦżѽһ㡣
һν˭˭ҺͼֲõĺѣŹĽ顣
ڶ˵ǰļֲˡǸûϵҲ֪˵ʲôֻǸѽ
ȼȻøȤˡǰ֮ǰֲʱҲûΪ˭֪ôһǧġӡվԼǰ治֪ôӦˡ
ɽѧϰĿĵʲô
ǰСͬѧֿˣգ峺Ĵ۾ʦ㲻ҪôˣʱȫҲˣҪȫ֪ʶһĹũȺڽһٽ
ȼûɵؾ⻰źܶ죬ƺǼֲܾǰ߹һҲ벻ʲôʱ˵ˡ
󣬡Сͬѧ˵ʦҿȥܽ߾𣿡
ȼͷȥɣͼֲ˵ҹ㡣
Կ׽ȥ
ǰƺȻ˵һ䣺ˣղ˵;ͬ顣Ѿ޳û|ֳ
ȼ
*
ļ죬ȼζؿżֲһѧͰܳҡѧʱ򣬲ִŻ
ԽݣͷںڹǧС˵û˺øˡ
𲻾ǰǸƼݡӵվǰСŮȼɸ̾컯
ʵڲ֪ϷʲôҲ֪δΣ˵ǸϲĹÿĹ
ǸаƵСѣ͸Ȥˡ
ÿѧһÿηѧ֪λҪȥʲôνġ롱Ҫԭصɽϡ
˺üεڳɹٵɽϣסһֻܵ÷ɿĻǡǻǻһС
ȼǶ⣬˺öˡ
ǿ˵Ǹֲ͵ģһڵĳʣġ

һ磬ȼȷţλĲʲôӰ졣İԼķ¿ӵְѼֲе˰칫ҡ
ϰһ޴ɫ嵭ȥǱߵʱһЩ
ֲ˲ʱǽȼӹһ죬ѧУſڱǸʱıѹˡ
ֲŽȼһ顣
鼮ԶԶ2020Сʱһֻ־Ϳŷġȼõöǳϵе飬һ׻кü֡
һڰ칫ֲ
123
ˮ䰴1ˮ䰴2ˮ䰴3
ɵġ
ʮΪʲô1ʮΪʲô2ʮΪʲô34567899
һμǡ
鱾Сɽߣֲһ˿ʦЩҪʲô
ȼЩ鶼ǳ֪츳ѧϰǶ֪㿴û㿴ĻҲȥǸܵܿҲܰѧϰӡ
ֲ˵ͷЩж:ţҿ㡣
ǰýȼгǸˮʦⷽ˵ǳְģ飬ѧúѧϰ֪ʶʱҲѵһˡǸġ
ȼû͸ġ
ֲȼȻܺãҲںõز϶ҡ
ȻȼúͼֲһЩĳ֣㡣                        
лҪ˵18:00һ

27

ȼͻȻᵽ˼, ǼֲϤġѸ㰡ð찡ӳ칫ҡ
ò, ֲΪѾȼˡ
ԴӸ˳ҽѧͽ֮, ÿһƵıָӿȥᾭ, ʱҪȥԶ˼, ȻؼҶǰҹˡ
ټϽȼȥ˹ǱߣԼҲû˵ɶʱ, ൱һʱĥɽܡ
˭֪
ֲ̾
ĵȼˮ
ˮˮ, , ʵĶ, һԸСˮ, ǰ, Сȴһֻҧ, ǸȾ˵ȥʳŴ, ˵ҵȥ룬˵ڸע䣬ҡҡǰ
ü΢ȵȣЦ
ֲ
ȼǲڼǰѿ
ȼԭӷ죺ÿκ¶㶼ϴҸ㽲ǸģЦͣ, ˵룬Ц
ֲԲĹ̫ЦˣǸûεĺЦ
ȼ
ֱڻˣŶ˵үʦĻ֪ʶӡˣ˼ȥ룬ȥɡ˵ܲܡУע䲻Ҫӵģֻ¶βһСλþͿˣδ󼡸
ֲЦŴչȥȼȻָβ㵽ʱѵͺˣҽ㡣ҽֻܿһС⡣İɣһϸҽǰһѣһ˵⡣
ִһǿβλãͻȻ뵽ԼǸŮȼһ壬ͷ˳ȥ
*
ѧ󣬼ֲȥһ˳ҽǶͽ˵˵Ļ
룬ȻȼһֱԼģΪãΪĵҽ··ˣһǺбҪ㣬һܴϳء
ȻͦѼеһ˵Ļȴȫû֡ʱ
ݸ˴룬һɫţסľ󡣶ʦŴ濪ҩŶӵޱȶࡣֲ:㣿롣
һȾ͵˰Сʱ
ֲʵܲסˣźŴգŴҺ˵۵㣬ûܲҩͲҩܳҩͲעܼעͲҺͻҩ
ԭ2020ǻĹ۵㣬һҽôôࣿ
ŴúЦӵͷͷǵģȥȥȥɣһ
Ժ˿ʯͷ¡
ֲǽʦܽ롣
һۣףΪ¶ҵѽ֪ģôˡ
ֲصصͷţ֪ͺá¶ҶԽʦ˽⣬ܵʱеţе㡭Ҿ֪Щ
ɻ󣺡ô˵Щš㻹˵ʲô
ֲֲܺ˵ɶȼ˵
վͽ˵ټûʲôˣ㣬ף죬˳
Ҿ͵㵽Ϊֹ˽㣡ʣµľͿˣɽ㣡
Ҳ֪ԼĻ᲻ʲôЧ룬Ѿ㵽ⲽӦû׼ӰɡҲ棬û׼ʹøˡ
Ǽڻȥվӣͷ·һ

ػصңţֲԼڿϵġʮΪʲô˵֮ǰǸĽ֪ġССĺʲôҲֻǶͼƬֺǡ
ֲ뽭ȼԣȻлߡֲҪýԼ룻ûӦ£˻ɰ˹
ֻ޹»ԺҸʱŪԵĸȥ
ֲŵܵܵСÿÿǸ˧˧벻Ҫ򣿡
ԲԱ㿪ˮԼ̵ָˡ
ȻԼЩʲô
ӣǽʦͦã
ֲָ뿪԰ɣﲻͦͦģԨҽ̻ãǰǸ˱ġС
Բղȥˣ
ֲŶȥҽѽΪȼҪȥǶ롭ҵú˵һ˵òãô
Բ˼ȼ룬㻹Ҫȥ˵
ֲ˵ͷѽ
ԲѼֲקݣܿСܼŮӱôϸšҪ˵лģҲͱ˵ȼŵ㡪
ˣֲﾯӳԲǷˡ裬ǲ˭˵ʲôˣͦϲȼģȥϴ·
أȻȼǰϲɣԴӼҽҵǾʵһ㷢չĿܡ
Բӣⶼ˵ʲôѽȵȵȵȣɶʱϴ·ǲֺͿˣ
ֱֲʣҲ¶㰡㽭ʦôղŸ˵ҽȼ˵òԼ𣿡
ֲ
ֲ໡һס˶䣺ﰡ뷨ΣհһֻǸӰôΪϸȥҽȼأ
ԲҲе˼ЦˣȻأҲһֱ˽ʦܺáҲɶΣյİɡ
ҲǺˡҾǿ㽭ʦͦ㣬͹龫ָ㿴顣ͦõġ˵ˣͶѽ⺢ʲô
ֲ鸴ӡδʱҪǸĸ˵ʦչչ˹ȥʦȡѽԲô԰һأ
ĸ׽ͽȼдǳĴ
ȼǸͨʦһ֪࣬ȻڴкֲУⶼʲô
˼ӵؿĸףҼ˿ɶˡǮȨ̵̵ġȫȻýȼСߵġ
Բ⺢ֺͿˡ
һϣֲʱﶼŰ£תŴ
Ư۴ǸСڡƷҲáΨһľ̫ʵ֪ʶЩ١ѹĸ׿뽭ȼCPˡ
Ҫıˣųҽʵ֮⣬ö飬ƾͷǱ췭õıСǲģҲҪ棬أɽҲǲġ
ţδȼȥһЩҽѧ鼮ܹӳʱ־һ뵽ȼӵָֻԿ۵ӣֲ̲סЦ
ȵҹ1㣬æһļŻصҡ굽ѣʵ̾һŤͷſźںڵĴ۾
֪ɶһС
ֲС㣬ȼ
֪ȼôģǲ˱ҽ˵ߴˡ
̾Ȼ޿̵̾˵һ仰Ƿ˽ȼˡҲˣҾûôƨɡ
ֲʲô

28

ڰ, һ͸¹ռ׾ϣۿ, Ҳ֪ŭֲ³Ѹĸ, ԷŹֹأϴϸʡ
˵, ȼñȽ
ԭǴ, ĿǰʦĴ¿̿ʦҲǰѽȼȥ롣
ܿóȼΣʦԼ, ˵ûģһѡ
벻, ȼע, ӿʼѿӾֶˡ
, ԸӣȻҲ֪ΪѿΣۡ
ֲأ
ҲˡҶñ
ֲȻ, ĵ׺Ц
εôһȥ, Ҿ, Ҫʲӡ
˭뵽ڹȽ, ֻʹδ󼡼⾷ˡͷݺݼסˣҰβˣ
ֲ뻹аβͷʱ򰡡
ͷʱҲˡرʦ˵ңŵ˼ͽܾررҶоͷҪϽȥˡ
ֲǺô찡
ס
ǸСӴ룬, ʦҵľָע׸ᰴĦ˵۷ɡڻⲡѹ
ֲȻôˡ
ԡ
ֲ۹ȼ۷ɣ
ӹסԼͷγˡǽʦҲɿˡ
ֲſͷЦˣһ㣬컹ôҶȥˡ
ãһֱֲ֨ŲЦˡӿ鼫¡ôˣʲô
ڱ̾˿С󣬾Ƿ֯ϰǸ϶ӲҲˣҺ㽭ʦˡ
ȼˣֵͦġĳ˵ƨ|ɣǻҵɡ
ֲôһ۵㣬ǸԼҵĺöϱ
ƣҲڵġ˵ҽҪŮб˾ҪӣŮ˿Ůӡʦͦεģ˵ֲ£ҪͽΪҴտҽķʽҶϰ
Ȼ󣬼˵Ҳֹȼ룬˼ƨ|ɣ죬ȫҵܹˡ
ڱӵؿҺǽʦʱˣȻ治֪ԺôǣС컹Ҫ˵ҪЩҿô
*
ڶֲûɽҰƣǳڽĴӲҽƶ
һֻ֣һǣԻæʵڲϰΡ˹ܶ࣬һһ磬һһ磬û
֪򵥴ӣóΪԼ⣬ǲŹһ조򳡡ôŮ˵ģͿԼˡ
һֱ쵽磬ȼҲãŮҲãûֲҲͷƽ˾ġýҲһֱ˳
ֱϸͷֲźͽֵػؼҡ
ż鲻ӣֲ˾䣺㣬ͽȼܳ𣿡
ߺ֪ѾӽȼǶ˺ö¶Ҳ֪ԼоýȼΪΣμֲҲû˵Щеûġ
ϸ˽ȼԸص㡢ͥ˵˺öѧУ¶صǿȼǸûȷϵҪǿǸһĴˡ
¶صͷԽ˵Խ࣬ԽԽãļ˲ɢüɿ˺ܶࡣ
󣬼ֲ˵㣬ǰҺ˵ȼǲһ·ˡǣҪ󣬵ȶѧϰĻ֪ʶҽŸܿǲβˣʱȥ¡
ڣЩ˰ɣȫ
˵ͷȻʡǰƺ˽ƵġԼСŮӣôôϵ£
ȸһ˼ң¶ˣֲȥͽȥæȥʰʰӣֲȥ衣
ţԲвˣвеð죬˰Ӷ챻ƵġɫѿӣԲԲˡ
ֲôˣҵôڼң
ԲüֲϽֹ˳ţ֪ĸɢ˵ǽȼ룬ȼƨɡͷţɵӼҵĹŮѾ֪ˡ
ֲҸҪЩлôȫ嶼֪ˣ
Բ̾һ˵ԣ̳һȥĥɽ֪Ƕ˵¶ҪȼΡţǲͼ˵ֱȥˣ
ֲԼʲô
˵ֲ֣һûȼͼǣԭ¶ֳˡ
Բǵģ֣
ġ֡ͼֲһ˵֪ҽˣ㿴¶ֵģҾͺ˵İɣŮӲҪ̫ϸš㿴㣬ϸŸ˼Ҵ룬ͳ¶ˣ
Ȼû˵̧꣬ͷͻȻֲּ֪ںʱѾ뿪˳
ɽ֪ȥ
*
Сʱ
֪СƽһĿϣһֻʡһŶɫްɫ塣
Ավ塣ϾӸ¡Ʊˣżıָָ㣬д©һС
ǸֵģԱɶҲ˵
ڽȼվڴߣĬؿҰɽ·
ͻȻģԼؼɽ·ܹһˣžԽԽԽԽ֥ɻôſλŮŲӳ˦β裬žҵشţ˴ŭ
ʿҪΪɱ
ȼְ˰һüġ
ֲ嵽ʱǿһˡҲе̡塢ʦ粽ߵеıӿ˿
񣬳̣ҽɶ֪񶼰ˣ
ȼӴתżֲҿû˵ҪȢ㡣ԼǶġ
һѽֲȥȥȥСɶ¶ʲôң
Ҹղź㽲ĺˣฺ֪ҲͬˡҼҹ͵ø𣡡
ȼҲ˵úˣΪûлҹ
ƿڴкƣ˵ⲻ̬ͱˣŵװ룬ֲĶ䱻졣
㻹һǶ룬ȻǶƨɡҼҼ޲ȥˣ㲻˭𣿣㣤%%&
ֲԭǴŵģ뽲ʱĻ۵ģҲ뽲ҽͲ֮Ĺϵһжûá
ߵߣ¶δŮ˲ܿ壬ҲôΪ
û𻰣Ͼ͸æ𵽣ɲôƻģ㿴壬˼Һö˶˵·˳ǽ飬һӴ
ֲͷ̣ô˵ĻҲȢϱˣҲ޲ˡɶȫˡţ
һֱ²ؼֵļ壺

29

ȼпڴ, Ȥؿżֲ
ᶨĿ, ๵ȫ˺Ǿȡ
Ÿʲôûҿӡǵ, ͵һֱôˣھ˵ɶ
һ˶ֲ֪ˡ
ǰȥһ, һãȻ, ˰조͸ˡļ˵վá
㶣վá
ֲһֻ޳ָСؿ, ŪüһȻ, ˵ľ, ˣ
Ҿʹ¿ʼ˵, ˵ҪǶԣ㲻ÿҪ˵, ˵, ·׶Բԡ
ָؿһ ǰڶ߹, ɫһ, Բԣ
壺ԡ
ɫһš
壺˵ԣȷʵԡ
󱳱и̥ǣɫġ
壺ԡ
ָſλö
һʼ˻ţǿ˼ı飬ֿżֲն, ԽԽȷһʵֲ˵ĺ񶼶ԣ
嶼Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪զ¶ӷû壬ȴ˵һ㲻ѵʱ͵͵ģ͵͵ֻǿһµĻôܼסô밡̥ǰģ
Ҳҡͷ˵㽲ˡȻҪ·֤ô˶ֲ֪˵ȫȷ
ϸ
һʼΪŮֻſںԣ͵ż˵ԡ֡һֱڣҲû˵һ仰
Ǿˣ
⵽զ¶
ֲ˵𾪣ؽӡڣָӼСԳߣŸ첲ؿбſ´ϵλạ̃𣿻ЩطĵӣҾͱ˵ˡ
̺ݺݵĪ峤ģ԰ϵӸģ
Ҳҿûɹ¶ҰӸ߼Ӹ
ӣҲ˵Կģͷɶضզţ壡ȸǿ黹һɫС룡󵰱ҵ󣡡
ôҵǲЩİɡ
ȫ˵ıӿʡ
ˣ
TM֪ô

TMǰ׶Լֲɶ
ϣ
$%^&^%****
ֲЦ
Ȼǲ֪峤úǰСһģһⱲӵһμ壬ǸǴΣͷ¶ˡ
21͵ʱӤʱڿʼС˶Էһ̥Ǻͺ룬ȵŮбĽ׶βűӣҲżЦ˵һһС
ٶʣôͱ޽ȼˣҺСͱˣŤͷǸֵģȼˣһ˱Ȣҽ㣬Ҳһ£˵Ҽֲӣôϸô˵ҿ廹ܸ϶󲻡
Щըˣŭͷ
һͷһҧԼһӲ㣬壡˵գһƾҪ䵽ֲϡ
ȻƱһֻֽס
ǽȼȼ侲飬ôǣ÷ӦǼ塣ֲδ꣬꣬Ҫǻ˼ֲһӡ
ϺȻĳ˼
Ҳ˼ôͻһˣ
ȼֲȥѹŴ̨һһߵŮ󣺡ˣɶȫ񶶡
ȼ̽̽ơ
ڿޣ
Цöιȥˡ
*
ⳡ־һ־ճ
ȼϼֲʾ˵ٱԼԼͻ⡰¡˵ü״
ŵżܣ׷Ůʵ׷ʲô
ŮɽϺݺݱ˵ˣʹĻ䡣
۸㣬Ҷ
ֲãҲһ¡ҡۣҺͼҲˣҪ֤ҽá۸ҽ㣬Ҳġ

ֲⳡƻһ־硣Ժҽ£ô룿ΪһδĴࣿΪһδ׬˸ŮȼֲϲŽ飬ɶλ㶮
ȻλʣԼ˵ˡ
ô˵ɣҽȼ룬һûСϹֹͽȼ¶Ƿ飬˭Ҫٱʲôģҿʲô¶Ҳɵóֲ˻ȭͷ
ŮȻúİ֪ϵ׷ʲôǣȴúܿס
ŮˣȵӸĹˡŮȡδÿһ顣
ߵһ·ֲǺȻ˺
ǽȼҴҵ׷ˡ
һ۸ղ߸׽СһεļĵѾֲ˵ˡ
ȼͼֲ˵Щûְߣ¶
Ҷûֵˡ
Ȼֲ˵ͷ
֪ԼղЦı鱻ȼˣȼǸޱȴ͸ˣһ֪鲻򵥡˽죬Բߣ¶ˡ
Ȼ죬ǿŮͷ;ȥڼֲС䣺˵˵˵Ĳ˵ü״ǾͶװɡǸܵͷ
ֲŽȼߣߵһܵǱ˳׿ߵʱڵϣ۹
*
ȼżֲЦ׳ˣЦͨ졢ҶŶء
룬ЦɣЦˣ͵ҵˡ
һ仰ûкͼ巢ʲô
ֲ֣ԣֻһӣʲôûǸɵñôΪ顣
ȼĬĬͷ
㣬ܰѼǵôֻֿܡ
ֲܺ棺ʲôܣ
ȼЩǼֲʵĵģ̽ģһ͸۶͸ҵ·档
ֲҡҡͷ۹
۾ŽȼϿȥȼʱЩڣָקק½ǡ
ֲİɽʦû⹦ܣǻ˵
ȼǲš쵽˸֡
һڱ˸˵ԵĻҸ㡭һǮɡ
ֲˡ
ȼõġû͸ӹܡ
ֲ۹
ȼ˲ء
ôⱲûû͸ֲۣ㵽ô£
ֲû˵ǰûз֣ȼ߼Ȼ
˳˼ܾúܾãĳͫʺĽëֲҾáϷһЩĻ䡣
η壬ܸң
ǰΪΪ㽻ֵѣűġһáƺʶǿҵĿ־壬ԲΪЩз鶼СС֡
һж㲻ʲôŲԼ
żֲһ׵ĸɾͫʣǴԽģҪôġ
ԭžɽ磬Ů鷢˵½졣

30

ֲЦδ, ĵЦա
ȼ̫ˣʤڳ, ִ, 볣֮벻롣ʲô, ѧ, ѧĻ·硣
ǴԽģȫǺܶ˵˼άˡ
ںХ, ֲĵһйڽȼͬڳ˵˿Ťһ, ģĹȻͶ
ȼҲǴԽߡ

Ǹҳҵҹ, ´ӳ˵1977ָ߿, ˵һѸġ

ѧһ, غʹ˵ʦҵ졣

һĿ, ȼֹԼ, ʶ˵Ӣȫ, ȼ׶ǻ

ﶮʲô׶ǻʲôڱտھ˵ɽ
ֲڽȼǰΣָסһǣǷϸܺ飬֣أ鼫š
룬ȼҲǴԽ, ʵҲˡһܣһδǻദͬЭùֹ⡣
Ѿʱˡ
ֲȷһ£ʦ㼸⣬ˣҲ˵
ȼš
ֲһ꣬Ҳ꣬Ϊʲô
ȼҶˣ
ֲһ꣬رΪʲô
ȼǼˣ
ǧĵɳ廼ಡȻ̧£ɳڷпϸɳ
ȵȣȱ̧ȱֲ̧յȼߣСһ⣬ûкͳ´ӳ1977
ȼһ£ʲô˵ʲô
õģǧֻˡ
ֲ̾һ׼վ뿪ʦʲôҲ֪
Сʣʱ䳤ȷ飬һվһڵϡ
ȼüĽڼֲҪѸ첲ֱг鿪ʱͻȻӴ߬סһסŮʱһŮͫʧһյס
ȼƣ£ǲ֪Ҳ³
ֲ
ȼп㲻֮ǰļֲ룬1974ļֲˡҿǵּҵǾӣǲһġ
ֲ˾佭ȼǴÿ¡룬˵ţȼֱ˵ɣ2020ꡣ˵ĶԣҼ˺Ļ䣬ʵȻҾ
ȼ
ֲ¶˭֪Ҹĸ֪㲻ҪκˡһﻹһһĴԽߡ
ȼһʱЩ飬㲻ڿЦ档
Ĭһǰ
Σֲһֹееʦҹ˵¶Ҳ̫׽ܵġǸ䵣ҵĻ㲻絣һԼûȥ롣ϿȥɡȻҪġ
˵ֲҡ
кܶĻ˵ܶʡǸˣϰ̫šŽŵģұıǾǳײȥš
ǼֲԸ˵ʲôˣѾ˵ùˡ
ü
ֻſ𣿽ʦ
´۰۷ɣ
ȼһƹ˲ɿŮӰȾܣ˦黨裬һ̾ͱɽϣӻС˶ֱ֥Сˡ
ȼѺĥĥ۷ɣ裡
*
ɽɽ֮ϣͻתͷǵѿ
ֲϳ˱ŲʶǸѩԼһһεļڵԶȥˡ
ȻҲףǰĴ죬·Ҫߡ
֪ȼջ᲻ڣûʲôվһӪļˣȻТĸҲʱڤͽ¶ʵüʱǲͺֶ˼δ
뵽ֲ
ŽŲɽţ˼µľͻȻмºΣ
콭ȼȥ룬ݴѾǺˡڵҲֻдʦеĻǴӱӹġ֮Ǽ塢Ůѡ
Ȼ˵ڶ磬Բ͸˵¶ֵȫ嶼֪ˡɵӼҵѾͷ֪ˣ
̶ʱôܴôأ
һûվڷϺ㲥ͷô٣ƻ¶һ˶Ϊ֮ȥܻġ
뵽ָģµĺۡ
µˣʦ϶ҪųģڳҲͼԩ޳ģҸԽȼĺпڽԱǶԼŮݵŮܹȥôȥܻ
ڼ壬ֲͺ˽ˡСȻɣϲл¶ˣַ̫ǹ򻹲ɿ˯
ˣֻʣһˣδģǸ֯ŮŮѡ

˴죬ֲŽţһˡһݱӿʣӣȥˣһؼĶȥˣȰѷˣȻȥɽϰ۵ɻҲȥˡ
ӣԲûаʲô֪
ֲҲãٴ㲻÷òģ˴ҲȻңѾ˵ô˭ҪٴŮлѾġ
ֻǣ룬ᶫģ϶Ҳ벻Լܺá淢ˣ֪ܲµȥȭͷ
뵽ֲҲûʲô˼ԷڰײݰɻõĴֲ·ֱɽϡ
*
ν¼䣬ũæ죬ҼһĺӶҪæģСѣҲŪҶӻҶӵȦȥŽ࣬ۡ㹤֡
ڼֲԭҲӦÿһϵسֻ׳һʮֶһֲֶܸ
ֲֻڶιһΣҽҲж˵ѪǲʺϸػЪ˺þáֱϸڣֲſʼһ
죬һؼëûɨֲҪˡ
ŲЬɽߣѰڵ˳ڷ´ġֲ˾䣺ɫôô
ֲԭԲ緹ЩɽַѾ̾ۡ
˵ɶ۵ģ綼ûһֱæ
ֲ㲻ܾ~ܾ~ǰ~~ֹ粻ڼžͺãȱ֣׷磬ըԼ
ǲ˵ʲôƼͬѧĳصߵԼ˸̾ȥˡ
ȻŷûãȻɽһ񺰣ѽѽѽ˭Һεˣ
Ǽֲ𣿼ҵļֲ
⺢ɫôôпУ
üͷһ壬ԼĸߵϵķӾ˹ȥ
ֲֻͬѧ˱һ£бţڱ˰ţǴŴŹź飬˳Ľëס
˵ţǲǵѪַˣûúóԷ𣿡
ԲվԱߣû緹ȥɽˣҸ緹ѽ
ɫ˵ˣѪǵȳԵȻ˭ͷгԵģһ㣬ܻܲ
ݳԼķӣ˵ҼҰڱֲԣ
ҪǰܴʱͻֻˣųͼֲƵദˡʱؼңٲȻѡ
ڱȻǸģ̾ԲƼˣӯԼŮȻͷͺ˰Һóز˰
˭֪͵Ҫζ͹ڱݵֲߣһֻС
һλ˵ֲҰζѾκˣ׽ڱڸҪ׾׽ҰɽݮҰζҰɽݮ
ֲв׽죬Сԣ
ˣ                        
лҪ˵ֲģǽ죬ǵȵȡ

31

Բϳ
, ôͻȻˡ
š
㲻ڸ룬Ѹ
˳Ľë, 紵ü΢, ̧һֻйܰ޳ָڴԣһơ
Բͳ, ҲտڲԡǶǰòʵ, Ҳ֪ΪʲôģȻͺСһһŷ
ذѸɾˮҰɽݮŵֲԡ
˵, ԼԳԿäĿȥǺס㡣
ֲ΢΢, һҰɽݮ, ׽ɫǰۿɼٶȺת, Ǵɫܿ첻񷽲ǰ԰ס
Ա̾Ϣ, ޹ؽҪ˶ɢˡ
ҲҪ߿, ԼϵСȻ, һֻСִקס, ȷ
Ҫʲô
ƶ˵ԺҪˡ

ƣЯﵽٷ֮ʮϣûκη£пܻȾ
ʲô
ƿһۼֲҰζǼֲļ֡⵱ЯȮñ״
˵Ҳ˵, лңû˵ñ״һ¡
ֲѾ׷Ҫȥٿ
ڸŻǵĶԻ͵ԣñ״ʼ֢״Ƿȡ͸ɿȣҪصĻּԺ֢ŧݿˣ
峺۾ų㻹Բԣ
ȻĪλһһ͵ϴˣһУǿȥɡҲˣ˵Ȿᣬ̫óԡ
ƣóҲԣڲ
ֲԳʦˣ
ͼֲµļ
ƸżֲɽԲ޴󰭣ȥũ
ź˵ҪѴҼֲʿαϲ⣬ͻȻɽ˺ֲεˣŴɴҰɽݮ˹
Ȼһ
ûҰɽݮġ
ȥ궬죬ֲƵɽҰɽݮСʵϡ⡣ΣλСͬѧҲһģһҰɽݮĪǵʱЩйϵ
ʹǼֲǳҪõѣЩðδ˽ʼֲȽϺá
*
ǵĳһ
æüѼֲϣúһ顣˺ܾúŸ˵û£üֲˮ˯һˡ
ǰԸºͼһչ˼ֲüȥ

Ȼֲ˯ʱ򣬰Ʋˡ
ԼĲϣĺɫĺϣϵһƿǣһڸ˴롣
ȴֻǱ߽˵ɡ
ǼֲȥʣСкأ
ˡ
ֲţˣơ
Һ꾫ȥ
ͦ˼ġ˯źؿһ󣬿ָΧ㲡תȦС㵽ΪʲôܻΡҾ͡
ֲʲô
Ҿ˵㲻ôúóԷԲһ̣Ҷտ㣬һ̾ʹܳȥˡ˵Ҫ˵ԲҲ³ӣͺҪƵġ
ֲܾ̫ĸо
СԶȽ棬ʳıֳǿҪǰһɽô찡
һֱżֲ˼ңҲûмһɽֻһʲôģĸĸֻˡ
ԲﶪŴײˡľɽҩһ۵ôȣƵƵʡǲǲˡ
Բ飺ʲôˣҹŮˣһ˵Ĩһö˶˵ģ绹ܳһ١Ҫʲôҽǳһ¶ŪһԾˡ
ȻŮţ˺Բһɫֹס졣
ԲЦǰȥǿۼֲŮû¶
ֲ˵ͷȥݿܵʲôԲһѳס˼ȼȥ𣿡
ͷˣôͻȻ
Բ˵ȫ嶼˵¶ˡԱƲ󣬺Բֵûʲôɣ
ûУͦ˳ġֲֻεˣǵģƲ𣬽ȼԱ߿˰졭ŶҶ˺ͼ˵ʦ¶ˡô㵽˵ʲôѽ
Բڰ֣ʾʲôҲûУͷüЬȥˡ
һڽһڵس̣ΣԲ˵ӣҾãҵжġԽȼ˼ȼļֲǼֲǸûûεġ
һ̸Ǻ
*
ڶһ磬ֲĽȥ˯˵ҲˣӦ˰һݡ
ֲڴϷ˸ò̫ס˼·ԲİˮȻȥ
˭֪ߵԺӿڣһСС˶ס
ֲһ㶡
ڳΪܣ˫շΡùֲ󱳵Ŀӣ㣬ȥúóԷԺÿݡ
ֲҡ֣ƣ㻹С糿Զ˯Ѿ
ݸһЦǧ
ο޷󣬼ֲûзӦʧǰ
Ӻ󣬰Ʊһݻ
ֲû˵仰Ȧһʧڼֲǰ
ٹӣֱһ
ֲظϽסȥ˱ȥˣ˰Ĺˡ
ĹˣûƭҰɣֲԷȥˡ
ֲĹˣˣٴҲŲôã
üͷֻʳָһ𣺡ô鷳ǣҪҪĻҿԺӳݣÿһ䶼
ֲס죺˺˵ˣɱñˡ
ɷһһϣֲʪ촽ӵˡ˵ֲҲۣҲҪٲʵԷҡ
¼ֲۿ󣬿ίһҹٲʵԷ÷Բµ÷Բǧļöң÷ԲȦ
ֲ
찡찡ڣ
ҲԼҺúóԷҴ˰ɡ
ŵͷƽȻߵԺűһǣóһ米һֲŷǿѾ˺þˣԼһֱû⵽
Ķ»һ
ֲƤ۵èɽ㴼̲ĸ
ֲ̩ۣӪѼ
ֲˮʵİëſŽ񵰡

ֲ㲻ҰζڽЩ°ɡ
ԶҪѶһݽֲɾײⷬ
һι״Ķȥġ
ƻԱߵؿš
ǶЩɶӴ                        
лҪ˵ڼһڵİҲֿյһ͵ģ
ررررлһֱĵС飬лһһӪҺ
лơȻǳߡ¡
ǵһรϹ
СĳɳŮŵ𽥿ϣ벻Աߵ飺

32

ֲ֪ƼӵԤʳ
, һȴˮʱȻȵԸӡ
ʵèɽгŵĲ, ִ2020Ҳͨͥ˵Ծܳϵ, οЩѹǱ
˵èɽƵȥһǲܸ㵽ɣ
, , û
΢ŷְС㲣Ƥ, ͬ˳õıͳҹδߡ
Ӧһ϶ڱѰüֲҲԵˮ, ĵѪǡ
ֲȺġȻȴֲֳܱ, 򰢻ƻΪ䱾ŵ¡㻹, Ҫ˵èʺȣǲǻȥӡèҪ
ƺмʶ, ͷе, ҿ
ֲ̲סЦ, һjioҶ, ȥãôø
ƫƫͷõġ˭ϲء
ֲоϸСԱߣůġ
룬Ÿջˣأ
, ֻںڵͷ˵лˣơ
һֱڷңҲףֲͰ˵Ҳʲôèʺèġڲ廰ȵȣȵȣܸ϶ɶ𣿡
ֲԿǺ֪ۡôŪȥЩˮһ˵ˣҪݰΣյС̵ֻر˵롣
һݣֱһݣȺ˵ûȥιԼɡҲҸ𡣡
ͷ
Ȼ󣬼ֲֵЩѽˮ㶼ûɣ
ҡҡͷ
ֲĺ˵Ҳû
ӦֻǸıɽСѽȥôȴˮ
ƿԿҲٰ˼һֱڵȻشգֲѾؼһ仰ǰǸ롭
뻹زҲˣѡ˵벻ȱӣԭ뻹ЩˮһҪҰȥǱѧϰ
ֲæ˵ǸЩˮġͱˣûĶȥˡЩȴˮ˸ƣָҵģͷҸе㳢㲻Ҫ߱ˡ
ϲصͷ׷ԴŶ̫ˣһǵøҵЩˮŶͦι״ģоζܺءȥгһ󣡡
ֲͷԣ󡣡һֱ2020꣬ء
*
ˣҲҪܻصɽϲˡˮһᵽϣָⷢǹƷԲʵؼѡ
ֲ̲ס˿ˮ
һúܶԣΪʳﲻ̫óԣɤӣײҲѵûζԺܶʱԿθڡʱǶҲɶˣԵִﲻΪձ׼
ʱ̾ӳԵⷽ˵Լ̫ܿˣ2020أССʲôġþͲ͵ܰ
ֲһƼԲţҪȥױӡĸ˵裬û͸ǳԸͰɡ
Բɶӽиͣ
ֲƸҺöر~ر~óԵˮԣ㿴ӿԵīǸɣС㣬ŨŨķʽ߲Ҳʽˣ;͵ˡ
ԲȻŮ۾ģڲˡ
ڣ˻ˮļݣҲ˴ԷҶǰĳˣ
ϵһ׵ĴӰڸɸɾϣ߲һ뱻ҡҷԱ߷һӲ֪ʲôˮ
ֲΣԼ˸ׯķ٣ͬСϲܼŮСָͷˮ
еڣҪﰡ
úףԷҽ˵Ҫ͡еסӣָǵܲҪѬûˡ
ֲݸɵӣеǳġ
Χڲ¡󣬰ռֲ˵ģһһèɽԡӿŵе󣬻ҪСǱ
Ȼ˶Ϊèɽζ۷ǺԲޣ˵͵ȷ֪ǰĵϲƻ᲻ôƵϲҲԲɡ
ֲҿգϲƵȷԲϺõӪƷڵأл߲ڸŮҪأ
ԲĿӶʱͣסô󰡣Ǳ˵һʱûԹȫѡĥɽˣûԹأӣɵúúллƣһʱ򡭡ʲôأ
ֲĿͶҾϵ·ֲ̫ˡ
һƤȫЦ
*
Ƕ֪һֱվŸ˵Ѿˡ
ϣֲġ
죬Ů֪˵˺ֵֹܶĻؼҺ˼һ٣˵Ҫ˵ȥˡ
ʱ巴ǿֶŮûзκ£׺䶥һ±ƣˡ
Ȼ㲻ô£óһۣܼͼֲûɶֲһδϵĸָ룬Ǿ񼫣ǰҪȥģ߯Ҫˣ
룬ֲ¶ñ֪ˣǼһϹǸ֯Ů֣棬ˮɻŹҪôͷˣϿ϶Ŀ
ԽԽԽԽ޲ܳ嵽Ҳֲһ٣ȻȴҲʲôͷ
ʶ˵ֲѪεˣǶεģݺݵ˾䡰á
ֶˣӱ϶һεʱ򣬼ֻ峵ȥɽϦʡʳ
϶ˣ峵Ҫֲ¹׿ڸ¶ˣһᵽҽ
Ȼһϣֵһ糿һֱģû˭ֻ߽峵
һϵ̾Ҫգôܴأ
ǣֱģܹҵʲô
˭뵽ߵԺžһ˻ЦŷﴫʳӳԵû
ֲ˵ϲƶԲʱֱĥ
룬⾿ʲôҶûԹǾȻԵôģǽ糿Ҳֻǳ˵ѽ
̣޿̣ƿſǵ׳ɶ
һ˶ΣţϰŰװ׵Ĵ򣿣ݣҪɶǸļֲӦвɫŶ԰˸ͷ˵ģ
ȷǳԵĺܺãƳγεĶǡϲơûԹģ϶رóԣ
ǸТĵĺñˣϽùһǻƳγεĶ̣㳢ɹ
ϴһڣ³ˣʲôֵֹζѵϲƶԲĶҲ޸𣡣үΪʲôҪôԴҰ
ԼƤʱ裬һ߸ﰡ֣ˣ˵۵òвˣŤڵϴ˰Ѩλа
֣ǼŮѡ
ֲô˵˾䣺á                        
лҪ˵18:00

33

, ֣Ҳˡ
żشŸҽһ¼
һ۵ʱ򣬳Ŵ΢ְ˰, ûʲô, ͬʱҲѯʵű㷽ûʲô쳣ͽȥϵúÿ֣˵̫ԶҲ̫, 鷳ô˶಻˼, ǱȥˡŴֻ˵ٹ
Ȼ˵ڶ죬Ҳ, ֣ȻȻʹǲԸȥ˵ҽǾͰС˵, ʵҲûʲô¶, ϰæ˼Ѩ
, ˽磬ֿ֣޺ܼ, ˵ûϰ, ֶŮҽ, Ȱæ, ɶ¶˸Ͻһȥϡˡ
ֲЩЦŨתҪȥҽҩʱס㣬˵ҽȥˡ
켱ˣôȥˣҽˣⲻְ𣿡
Ҳżˣ⺢ӵզ¶ҽ㲻, Լ˿𣡡
׼ֲʲôûп
ԲŮ̾˿ĵӴˣ¶ҲɲԼ
ֲ°ͶԼ˵ȥΪɶ㻹֪ҽ˴̫ˣ쿴ƨɣ۾ˡڶ԰׻Ķ𣬲ȥŮѵĶӡҪȥȥҽʦϾѲ飬ʦð
пԣҲǸ˵ʦһûϰ࣬Ǹеġ
ֲż첲Ҫ֨
ɣʦסҲԶҽȥˣϽİɣȻҪβˣŮֻҽ㲻ҽأ
üһͻȻüֲлҲ壬ֲ˵öԣǶӣǰʦûףôܽѽˣȥʦɡ
忴ͼֲ̬ȼ֮£ҵֻôȥʦˡ
ﻹ棺һ˻ˣǣǴǸеѽ
ֱС̳ţֲŹšզ¶ֲ˼һֿŵı飬ҾͲˡȼƨɵ¶ȫ嶼֪һɾ֣洫ȥġ
˶Լͬ˵
ţΪʲôҪô
ֲҡҡͷҲ֪ҾãŮĲǸƲ磬۵ʱҪֲ¶ʵ̫ˡ
*
֣ڼ˰죬ǸгŴ
ʹغţ壬ҲֶŮôҽ
ǳŴһ֣ݵôһ˵һӾ˵Լͽܿƨɵġ˲ˣųķȥ
Ҳ
ĿɿڴϽǰץסĸ첲𰡴Ҷ۵ֻܰæͿ£Ǯ˵
ҡҡͷԼ˵ˣҪŮ򡣡
Ͻ˵ֶŮڲ㡣ҽҲеģͺôһǿǾҽԺ
ǴüǶ۵ҳһҪְһµģʱֺ˵Ҳʺϸˣզ
ϸˣݺݵ֣һۣҪҪȻ˵кðɣʲô˵ģ겡Ǹм㻹ء
Ǵ򱻼ţֱţʵ߲šߵ֣Աߣ˵·ɡһǸõ㣬Ȼôõأ
֣ҧ촽޳ˡ
ȴˣ˵ˣȥɡڿܴ̽ΣҸǿ˵һȡܸϵϴ̡
Ըˣתˡ
֣ȥŵʱֲũɽķߣҪȥũˡ
ֲˣ·ߵͷ֮ǰ˺ܶΣһƼ֣档
ǴʱڣȻûô䣬֣Ҳһú٣¶ŽŲ޳żӣ¶Ű׾ǡ΢΢קѡ
ֲ˿ֻ۽Ǻߣȷʵ˵Ǹ۵Ȼ۰ֶ࣬ʱҹա
ֲǰڸͥ˹̹ᣬ˽ˡĵȷ룬֣治ǸƲ硣
ֶŮʲôø
ֲߴұߴ߰׻ұ߰ף
ɫһң죡
۵֣棺˵ʲô
ȿֲԶˣüͷԱߵŮ˵Ժ˵ʲôҪ޳ȥˡ
֣θ߰˶ȣʲôףҲΪüܼ޸ϲѽ
ѵ˵ͱ˵ٶ죬һˣ
Զļֲµĺ仰һ
*
ߵɽϣֲҲ֣¶
룬ôãô֣ȻҪŶԣҪΪõ壬̫ˡ
СȻǸģٻĿܡȢô֣棬һӶΪ𾴵ļͥˡ
ɽϵĳǿʩʣüļֲŲ˹ϵֻצӣҵǡʲôȴˮأ
ֲǻǵ¶
Ӻ󱳿ͣһС۸һС磬кëһ
̵سˮʣⷢʲôأ
ֲζԸһ̲满
ҭһ£ɶ̲ɶ
ֲקߵһ£ʢ˵Ůģر˵ҶΪ˴Һáʵȫǻ¡Ůģô찡
ҡҡͷ˵˭ôһ
ֲۡҲ㻵
ǰأ̲ˣŶ
˼Ҫˣȥһٲ͵ˡ˵˭
ֲͣͣɽ·һҼҵĺ㲥´ӳģ´ӳģңң㿪һĴ̽˵Ŵ򿪵Ӳã
һŬ𣿾Ǹ֣档ӵģֵȫӶʶ᲻ãҪҪ䱾ػء

һֲһѧɽ·ϣǸ֣棬ͦǸ̲ʲôġҪסԺȷʵҵҲûá˵ˣ˵۸û
ֲȻأ
˸̡ҽҲƲɶţ۲š
ֲ
˵ɶӲأҲҲģû˵ֲءСͦżɡ
䣬ֲüͷȷ֣ɺޣǵ֢ȷʵһֱŲǸ¶ңʱҽѧԶԶûδضƺǴöûбء
ͻȻ֪ʱһꡣߵֲߣ֪ɽһߡ
ֲ

ص˵ţɽһߣ˵Ǹ߸ߵе׽ȥġеĳúӢ˵󰮳ߡ
΢Цżֲǿ϶ܳߵġ߱ͰԸָССӣȾķպܴǳˣҲۣ
˵֣һߣ
ֲȻȻĵ׵ű紵һʵľ
ȻʱϾ˼ŰƵӣȻɿɰСʱ̲סѽǶӦóߡǰǲҲѽԺ󻹳Բԣ
ҡͷȭˣĴկ۵Ļƻ߶ˡ
ССĸŻһ
ֲЦ
ЦɶզðĴˣ

34

ݳԾʲôҲ, ңԶǰһһں治ظš
ʱɽŨ, ľӰ, ǳǳˮī֮ⷽ䣬ֲֻܿ尢Ƶ
ֵЦ, һë糿¶Ȼ׹԰, Ļȡ
һ˲㱡
Ƕ뵽˰ƵСʱ򣬶ֲƴСʱһֱڸԼ޾İȫ뾪ϲЩҰɽݮҰǳĿα̵ÿ糿
, ԼСϱ֢Ҫŵ׵ˡ
ƫͷȥЦݡ
ʵνڰ, ÿ춼ڱ仯, ͬü, ƺ֮ǰЩ۵׻ŴǰСǻۡ
Ȼ, Ц, иղĬССһŻ, һֱżֲǸ۰Լꡣ
һ񾭵, 
ſ˫ۣһ
Ȼѹ
ʲôʲôʲô
Բԡ
ϾҪˡ
ʮϰǲԶСֵġ
ʮСҲеġ
ֲŤֻֿƵضſץץղŰѽָⴥϣһСôô, ϲˡ
ƵЦݺȻһֹӼֲָԴ۾Ƭ̣˵˵İɣСѣǧˡ
ֲԴðȺðȣǧСѡҲû˶ãûҸء
ܻĳӣ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֱߵѧУſڣҪȥСѧвСֻ¼ֲ֣ȴСҪܿߡ
ֲΪƺܿͻء
˭뵽һڿμ䣬ŤŤسڽſڡ˸ӣ˸ңһˬӣʱʱ￴
ȼ߳ңĶ߱úܽʲô
ưˮŵȼǰǸŮģúóԷΰģȥμӲ͡
ȼΪʲôԼȥ
ƣأһ˵Ƹġ
ȼ
Դſڵȫͬѧ
ֲ治˵ԼʶƸ硣
*
ʵȼûôͼֲ˵ûϿʣҲûпһۡ
μõӺ֮ҲһֱȻţߵֲԣô򵥵ظͷһ䡰Ƹġ
֣ʼֲ˵׷ʲôҡҡͷ
ȼһֱֲǰ˵顣
ŷǳңԶ2020ȥĲҾ磬νĴﻹԽߡ
̶ֽܳȺܲˣǧǰȥܽܣ͸ܴܽԽ趨ˡ
ǰǸȥļֲǸ˵ľľġԵĹ
毺ãԸͷڴɽ䣬Ȼıŵĳˮ˾۸Ҳȥ˸ˣҲûпóɼһôСĴڡ
ǵõһʱӡ
ɽ磬ŮߣŴ˲黨ӣһ䡰áڶ˵ҽͦϲģ֪ϣ֪
ʱ΢΢һôɬŮӾȻܹ˸ףͱļҶȫͬ
߱˵ǸҶŮͦɰġֻû
ֱļֲȥ֪СȥŷǸӵŮһȥµŮһðһƴȡ⡣

Ǹֲôȥˡ
վڽſڣƳ۳ӵŮʱļֲ֮ǰˡšׯȻʵŮı绻ġһ2020һ1974
ǵʹʲô
ѧ󣬽ȼȥ˼ֲɽɽ֪Ǹֲľλãһʯͷһʵĵ÷
ϸСİ׻ͬǸؼ򵥵ŮŬԼĻ
ԭ˵ʲô־ûʲô˵ģϾǰļֲҲֻǺԼ˵һ仰ѣڵֲ
Ц
ڵļֲˮжÿÿҲǡˮŶ
ʲô̶ˮ
ȼҪ׼ɽȥͻȻͷҴO@춯һСֻõٻɫԾǰɴССβ͵ĶﻯΡ
һβͲݣؿб۾ιղŸɶҶˡ
ȼ
Цһֲȫ¶㲻ܸ߱ˣ˰ɡ
ֵӣңԶǿְҫۣ1974ļֲǿȥġ2020ļֲǿġ
ȼǵĳ֣Լĳ֣ʹġ˵׫дģһ򵥵ˬġ
*
ĿǰΪֹˬĵŮдҵѾﵽŽС˵
մĸԵĲнѳһ֣صãȵ
ʲô˵ɶ֣
粽ӣڿʦѯڳҰζĲ¼
ʦ˵ͷƵ֣ߣȷпܻ
˺ܶڳҰߵΣպϸϸ֮ѣȾã˶ĵĳӣҽԺǺϳ
ֲԱƵƵͷǵ¶2020Ҳѵ㡣
ʦˣҲһһ˱ʼǣ͸ʦ˾ټȥҼ¶˵һ˵
ֲסӡ
㽲ʵһ֪¶ģû˵һأΪϾҽԺﲻ̫¶ۺΡ
أҲ֪ģ㵽ŷѧٸ㣬Ȩġ
˼ؼߣȻɺޣѾͷˡ졭ǾһصҽΪͶװɡ
ֲܴˡ
ȻˣҲ뿪ˡȻȥǶΪֹһһֶŮЩΣôǸ¶
ǼֲŲ
ƿСԺţǿºһ˵ЩʲôǲֲĶת˵ͷ
ȥˣȼ
ֲ΢Цҽˡʦʲôأ
Ͻ˵ʦˮ⽭ȼ˵ۣ
Ϊ˵ǼҪ׼1977꣬˵ǻָ߿ɡ
Ҹղźģﶬǰı仯еҪȥѧϰҲµˡ
ǿһЩ
ֲ뽭ȼǴÿ¡
˼Ƭ̣֪ǰôҲûұ¶ʵˮƽҲ֪һԽʲôʲô
ǣ룬ֲȥ״Ԫ
ֲ                        
лҪ˵18:00

35

ֲһŮѪȻ˵Լѧϰڹȥ˵ùȥ, ״ԪҲ˵ܵġ
ȼûпЦ֣صض˵ֲ, һʹ, ǾȥıĳЩ򣬷үšıȨԶ, ߿״ԪȨķʽ
ġʺõȨ
ֲ̾һ, ԼŴֲЬĽż⣺аԣұúѧϰġûôԶУô֪ѽ
ȼҲҰζ
ֲ
ȼԸܻԼҲҪ˳ҽ, Ҫ״š
ֲúú˵ˡ
󣬽ȼûнȥȼˮֲһҪúѧϰ, Щο, ϴ׵Ǹӡ, ӡһúпˣҪʵɼ
˵ǰ, 㶼Ķ, ҲҪװˡж߰ɡ
ȼ뿪, ֲصڶŸ𿻲, ȻѾůˣܾú飬տȥȥʪҲá
žĻУյ÷췢̣ƼŮݣԭм仰Ҫ˵, ȴ˵ڡ
һʵͽũǰöʲôôǷŽȼ˺ܶڼֲѧϰϵ¶ͨһûüֲѧǼ꣬ȷġ
Ůһİѿα˳üͷ˰죬űĳһ仰ȼǸú
ֲ
žƵǸúΪΪ¶ͻ᲻úýղŸ˵Ǽ¶ûйϵǸѧԺҪúѧϰϸСʲôѴĻæ
ȼյľżҲѪ˿ֲǰ鲻࣬Ҳûô㣬ֵʵǵҲûʲôĻֻܶнʦˡѧϰ̫ȰĿ趨ɣ
ֲݸһЦϽȥסļ򣬶ʵ˵ھ˵ʵһֱ֧ͦҵģֻҪⲽͿˡУʵѧϰУĸҲˡ
ƸԣSATI˼߿ģ⣬иIELTS
*
ֱڶ糿ûлȥֲ̼˵Ǽ˼ȥӺû֮ǰ˵ⲡôӣҪȥҽԺġ
ԲЩã֣̫鷳ˣøŪüøܡֲȰ˵Ǻ¶Ӧüе棬ҽԺʲô
ԲֵҽԺʲôã󻹲ҪѴ
ֲ˵һ춼ȥҪȥʡǣҽԺϰ࣬ҲиȶĺùҲõѧʹѧ
һⷬò˼顣ΨСܼǳڴ˸СȭͷĻ۵ǲǲֵҪʲôأ
ֲ浽Ǹʱ۵иɵĹȥȥˮ϶·İɡ
Բҡͷ˵ʲôݣ˵Ҳ̫ܳԱҾзҲǹӪģô׽ȥأ
ֲȴѾǰճδĳڲõĽȫ˳ССɽԼŽȼʲôȨʲô֮ȥı򡭡ţͻȻ˸һСֻŰš
СֻѾԼݣſڵȺšҲԱŲֲ극˲һɽѧá
峿ɽϽǳ㣬ֲŰƺߺһЩûĸ衣˼⣬СֻҲǵúúѧϰġ
һֻĳϣֽһĴ峺޿ɹҺԼȷ£΢ۣܾͻϲ·
ԣԼںηʱΨкúѧϰƷĹǣܱһֻѺãıδĺء
뵽ֲץ֣ƣԺ㲻ҪˣԼ
۾ģӤһʪüֲյС˿
׼úѧϰģҲһȻСѧɣһֱæҲû˽ĹϣԺܰѸʱѧҵϣ޻ͯ갡
ǰ·źֶԻЦܰƹǹ㣿ȹ˹ԼɡϴǸ׿ԣûԼɸʲô𣿡
ƺԳĻֲ˵ƣҾ㻹ǺܴġúÿԣȡСѧ״ԪأҲҪŬȥ߿״Ԫġ״Ԫ״Ԫһ𣬲CPŶѺû飡
ѾҪЦòˣʲôʲôʲô㶼뵽״Ԫ¶𣿡
ƽ߬ȭͷеģ׵ġ
ף״Ԫȱűҵ¶ȰпԸ㶨£ø״Ԫ
ֲ˼Ƭ̣һУ״Ԫ׵ġ
ƣףҾס
ֲ΢΢ơ
ѾЦÿ߲ˣŸ׮ӣһȫ൹һһѧüŹİä˵ʲôܵ״Ԫ
֮ǰҵȻúѧϰҲô쿪ɣ
*
ֲѧУͱڽҵĽȼе˰칫ҡ
ʱţȻ꣬ǲиһŬʱͬμӿԣΣ
ֲ˵ͷȻû˵ҲΪƱػμӿԡ
һܣ϶ѵɽߵĲο˼ֲǰôڿʼװɡ
ֲ˸ͷ֪ȼҵôϣ֮ǰԾܹҵин̸Ͳο鼮дĿ
ȼһѵӣһѧŵǰϴҿԷӡûȥһ£ЩҲᣬһ㲻ġ
ֲ˵ͷ
ϰʱѸٻ˹ȥֲͽȼ໥ָڿαϻȥ˶̫׵ĶúʹգȼֲģʡֲȼģǦʡ
һѧ鷭βʹյֶ޼Ǧ߼ȡ
ȼһߺ£ѧ飬һЦڸ͸ˡ㿴㻹ġ
ֲʵϣҴ󲿷ֶᡣܶණ֪ôôѧ֪ʶȥ𣬿ڸԾϣͳˣһҸо
ȼǰ׶󡣡
ֲ20н㡣
ȼǰʮѾͷ黨ִ档̲סһԹϱҲûҸߣûãʦ
ֲһǧ갢Ʊ˵Сѵĸܡ
ȼֲ˰칫ңȼעԶ·ղǱѧ飬һҳҳ¿ţƤһд󲿷ֵǦʺߡ
һʼչһġ

36

ʱ, ֲܾ˺갢ƹ͵Ը
ԭĬղĿʱ⣬һڴ, ǰڹ¶һССԸ
Ȼֲƽ, ఢͷ˿һٻԸ첻ԷˡӾ͵, Ȼûʱ䡣㻹ǵ糿˵ĻҲȥԼúóԷɲԣ
üͷ, ɨڰ칫һۣϽȼĿ⡣һ׾ŵɢϣǰӶɽߵ鼮, 붼룬ֲ֪缢ƿʵġ
ȼĿ̹
ֱ˽ȥ
һݮͲݮŵɽߵĲο, ΢ЦſŽʦ˵ʦ, ǳ緹, ǵüලֲٳЩˮ
УҲúúѧϰ, Ϊʦ, Ҫһͬʵġܲܽҵҿ
ȼԡкܶͬµСѧ鼮, ǱŶ᣺ʮڵļӼһ϶ûġ
ֲ, ̲סͷпԼŶһҸ¡
ֲѾͽȼʼ̽ѧϰˣǰȥ
ǱŶ᣺ʮڵļӼ߸߰һ㡣ǣԼ, һСҧ촽Ťͷһ׾ŵĽȼ׵סֲļŲõĹ⣬һᣬӵ˼ܵˡ
룬ѧϰ飬󲿷ֶСѧĻҲˡ
ȼֲһĿа˳ŷְѾ뿪칫ҡȼùֽо㷨ŷŮָߵߵӣôˣ
ֲСͦģ֪ʲôʱҲôˡ顣
ȼĬòŵܵôͦһӣżĹΡ
ͦСѾ˽ңȫ඼ܵĵѹǰÿȥأֵġ˭֪˳
ֻ¶óһֻСɵĲ˱ӣſ죬¶һСꡱһڣ⶯˶ͨͨСʱϲּŴš
˱ӣóһ֪ĶŪ飬ҡűʸӶддģٶȼ죬̱ӿдĲݸֽһءˡֽ¨ƺƴ
һֻСɪɪضһֽţСʵƣôˣ
ƵҪ״Ԫ״Ԫܺ״Ԫ档
СѣСѧҲ״Ԫ
ƱصġߵѧȥشǡⱾСѧѿˣ߼ߵȣֲ֪ôСѧġ

ֲʱϤԺһûаǰҰˡѯʺԲ֪Сѽû
Բʣ𣿡
ֲϽҡҡͷǵûС
ֻרѧҵϣÿѧĻ֪ʶһ±˴˵顣
Ȼʣֻһ𣿣
Ҳֻһ¡
ڶ糿ֲͳȥѧõɽ·ʱԱ߲߹һֻСͬѧֲһ£˭֪Сͬѧ鱾Լţںúѧϰ㲻Ҫҡ
˵գ鱾߱߿سǰѾӸ۾һ˳ܿ·еĹ
ͼֲ
Цզ¶Դ컹ûţԣ֧ͦô쿪ʼ
ֲɦɦͷҲ֪ôˣֻ˵ս죬Լúú롣
ǰС䣬ֲּû׷˼۾ֱ鱾ָֽһݺ˸Ρ
䣬ߵøˡ
*
Щʱգֲÿ鼮еŰƵŤȫȻǴþûйҡ
һСҹԼԺźȻ֨ѽһ죬ĹһӶšֲŷòĴ㾹ȻôϤˡ
۾ƣϴ¿ȷ·ͷܳһͷںڵĳ
˿ëʪͷĶŵϡֲȥһһ飺ҩѧ벡ѧٴҽѧҪָϡָͥǷǳרҵõҽѧ鼮
˽˽֣ΣգҲ壬ûиȾ档˵˵еӣЩˮЩо飬иߴĿȫҽԺŰ״ӵҽʿߴҴҡ
˾䣺Ů˵ɶҲáǰûʲôǮһ·һ飬ģ
ֲҲ⡣һ飬׽ָһ͡
ЩŹ֣ʦġ˵ҪȥһҪȥֵ»顭ҲҪЩ飬ͷ˻øȥ·ҵôõĳҽҲǮҪһġĹǶͦÿģ·Ҳ󡣡
˵ͷ˵ֲȴΡ
ҪʦȻḻǸˣƽʱҲۿģͷһƵ÷ĳҽСӡôֻ֪ʲô»أ
Ȼ˿ֲͽ˵Ļȴֽ˷ֲ˵һ֡
*
ֲڴշתãڶ쵽ѧУͼҴҵȥ˽ȼ칫ҡ
˹ĳʿ̯һӣֲŲæ⣬һ½ⷨ
ֲǰȥȼɫ
ֱֱнȼϤķĮòĸҡ°͵ΪʲôǼΪʲôǮ飿ƾĹϵ㲻ڰزɣѽʦҲ˳ҵɣ
Ǽֲ˼һϵóĽۣ飬ϵ׾ݣǳȼǮȼܿؾ͸Ǯ˹ȥ
ﰵӿŮϸС̹˹εۡ
ȼģӿǵ𣺡Ҳƽ޹ʰģûôɵ
ֲ
ȼ˵û֪ģ㡣һʼȷʵҽǮšҺ˵ȻȥͲҪ˷λᡣֵܺãԹһ䡣
ҿȷʵҽ֡Һ˵־ҽ߻šȻþˡʽϸˣʱùʻҡְҵе·Ҳȱһδͨԡ
һͶʶѡǳˣ㵱ɵô
ֲһ˲˵۾ﳷ߽䱸
һ۲ˮɢȥ鱾⣬¶޹أôʲô
ûôȥ
ֲ鱾ڵһߣΣȼʦͻȻһ⣬һر˽㡣ö׶ǻҲô֪ʶܡ˵ܰҽ㰲Źôôأﵽʲôģ
ȼһЦ㽲ǰİְǸ̶԰ɡ
ֲͷ
ʵࡣҸٵġг
ֲг
ȼһ仰ǵô㵣Цһָֻ
ǰɣ㡭Mɣ
û˵ڵĴʻǡŵԡ

ſվһ꣬ԭģƼĶȴ͵ԱһչһĿ⣬ζضĶ
ͣŮԴһƫһƫȻ̬Թѵ۾ȻڸǲסĹС
ǧʲôó                        
лҪ˵ƣϣ

37

ֲߺ, 칫γĶԱȡ
칫ƽ˾
ѧʶȣöͬˡ
ٳԡ峿, ϸСƯ, ǳͬһ
칫һ, ָͷ, £ݺ
ԭڿУĿ, βͬ裬ָָ׵ǰӰĲϡ
һָֻ׻ιӵľ, ƤµĴ, Ѫ΢΢
ȼı޾ɫ
ܾˡ̶, ɡ
ȼһĴ۾ƺĴڡǵ, ô, ˺, ۾ȻԵ޹ġ
򲻹, ҪɱɱȼҲֲ֪ϲƴç
ƣ
벻ô˵̬֡
ȼؿ֪ʶ
ᱳСǰڸ𣿡
Ǻ𣿡
֪Ӧگͳȫۡ˭д𣿡
ƣ
ԽԽͿ, ֡
ȼһֻ֣סë׵Сצӣ㿴ѧϰǳֲǸ˵Ҫúѧϰ⻰͵ɶԷˣ㲻֪Ҫ״Ԫ㲻ҲҪı𣿡
βյצյë׵ĶյǱһֻꡣľС·ָȫ¶˳ϸ첲ȣƴӿн䵽ϡ
ȼס첲ǰС֪СôֱʡҪղվ;
ŽţͻȻһףӰ칫µһ¨ͣóһ֮ǰ統ɷֽȥķһġ
ҺþˣҲþˣȥѧϰݵ޷죬ݺݵһ㻹ôţֹزżֲСŷϣ
Ƹһһָ򿪣˲صԭ칫ڴݵƵҲָ
СĨ۾ˮСѧ
ȼһʵ֪ѵģôһСȷʵӦúú飬ѧѧƣļֵŲܻడ
ķҵشһо滹żֲǳǳķűʼǡҪΪܽ⼰˼·ѵ㡣
*
ڽĺܳʱڣֲûмơһգɽϣڶڽ˼ĵطŴССһҲȥҪѧϰ
֮ܶӹ¯ȡͣ͵СʱԼ֪һ׮ѧĴš
˵ѧԭѧϰͺܺãͬ붼룬ſڴóȻϽ֪ʶܻشһƪСġѧ뻯
ֲŶ
Ȱɣרעѣ絽۾ġһʦŽſξһ˵Ǳ۾ųĹâʹˡ
ֲ
Ȼأμ䣬ͽǽʲô붨״̬ԣԼǽ붨˵Լ˼ȫΰ֪ʶ鱾Ĺͨκﶼܸŵÿÿ죬¿εʱǶʱʱؿޱ飬Ƥգ붨ء
ֲۡ
̲סһСͬѧ˵Сǲջư
СѺȻͱһʳָ촽ǰ󵨰ǻƸİڿǵ񡭡
ֲĵҲúѧϰ𣬻һĤݵСء
ֻСѧĿαʲôöİô𣬻Ҫ붨
ֲһڽȼİ칫Ͽ緹һ߷ѽ룺һ꼶ѧҲʮڵļӼŰӽŵġҲˣϾǴ˵ѧҪѺܶ࣬û׼Ҫһѡ
Ȼðѧϰ׮£Ȼ̫ڲԼҲܻ᲻ϰߵġ
Ĳϰ߾ǼĻʳһǧɡ
ֲͰÿһ緹극󰢻ƾͻȥѰʳȻڷѧһʱֲܵңʳｻ
񡪡
Բ챧ԹСѲҰˣǾͼв˰Ӱɡ
ֻߣôܵ˵ˡ
ӲҲܲˣô⳴ǿĢأСͬѧ͵Ģأ
ֲտʼܣö䱻ĥ˼ӣѽǰҲǳԲ˰ӳԳôˣڱˣͲϰˣ
Բ̬֡ȻûһĴռֲߣܳãͦʱܵأҲͦ۵ģèɽˡ
ֲ
裬ûܡֻǰһоѧϰˡ
Уͦʶǰɣ֪èɽóԡ
˵ô˵ֲҲһЩֵֹѹ
ÿ糿ҪԼݵġǴ³ʱ룺
ѧϰ㡣
ѧϰȤ
Ϊɶôѧϰأ
ǶԼ̫ˣǵѪǵɽϣԼɡ
*
пԵԼ
һģԲֲĸС񵰣ǰûѧϰʱġ
Բ˵ҲСզˣҾϲǾܿ˫١
ֲĵȫ޷Ͱƹͨ
Ѿ붨ˣɽ϶붨ﵭ˶һЩھ³һرܹпӡô˳ҲԼ񵰡
ֲ룬Ȼĸ׵ϣˡ
һذ׵ĹӣϵĲذ׵ģͷһֻԲԲķ١񵰱װڿ˼
ʵ΢£ͳߵɽһ£ͣͲˣóԼߵ
ЦզˣһҪʹɣ۾Ҳôôףôң˥
ֲҡҡͷ׼õʮ
ǽȼĽʲôȼгɵʮĳɼҪԵóôšʵʵľӳɼõһ
ǳֵôߵˡ
ɽӶֲִվһʯͷԣصȡ֪ÿ붨һ鱾ߵʱ·ʯͷȻŵŷһ¹ȥ
ȰȰ
ȰȰ
ȵۿᣬȵҲ͸ȵһôȵãǰĸֲôȾˣС󣬴ϱӵⱲӣԹ尾ȥȱˣ
ǵȡ
ڣ鱾СشԶ̤ССݣŴʯͷԣ׼ϤԾʱŷһûȥǾͷһ˫ŴŲЬĽš
̧ͷδļֲͬѧһվǰţ˫֣ó
һ˲Ưۡ
װ׵ļֲɸɾģԲԲķٷ·ð⡣Ķͷùడİ졣
İ˵ιƣ񵰣ϣܿ˫٣õһ˫Щ󣬴Ůеڴĳ
Ʋ㱻ʹȥˡ
ʹҧԼ⣬ܵؽӹ
ܵءŶһ
񵰿Ŀ鱾붨ƹֲԶСѾںǰһģһλá
콩ԭ

һ簴Сϲ˰죬򵥴޹ķ񣬽ͬѧôŶһ

38

紵ͬü, ǳɽᣬͬ
޺µǰߡ
ļֲ·, СֻѧϰӰ, ҴҸǰȥ
ƣһҡ, ǲһʱ䡣
лͷ, ΢΢ѹдüģҲеʱ䡣ֲӮ뿼һ, ״ԪȻջ;
ֲ;˭˵;ԭΪ, Ųҵ𣿡
ѹСѧ̫, ֮ǰ˵Ҫһء˵һ, ĲͻԽԽ󣬵ʱ, ɲ;𣿡
һ˲, ֲ, 񿪳һ仨
ԭƶΪδ׼, 뽫Ҷųĺѽ
Ůչȥļ򣺡ǼͰơ
ƼһɫŨüͷһ䣺̫̫ˣüӡ
˵, ٶ鱾˶һģѧУȥ
ֲһʱ仳⺢ѧɵˣ̳⣬ҪôǹڹⳡԵѶȡ
Сʱ󣬼ֲõпӡӡ밢ƴĸܲͬӷܼ򵥣ȫǿαϵĻ֪ʶ˲ȫУԵķԼΪٻпθߵĿ
Цдӡ
룬԰Ƶ츳ӦûúܺãԼŬˡ
ȿԣһúôһ£ɽĢժҰ¡ȼ֮ǰ˺ܶܶô⽻ˣûдһѧһء
뵽ֲĿͶȼ
ʦڿ֮䣬żעЩͬѧľӡϼֲĿ֮΢΢ףҪ񣬸ϽȥԼĿ

磬˾ӣȼ˼ֲһ񣬺Ĭظ
ȼֲ࣬ݣѰ칫Źϣ󣬽һ̯ϣгһţڼֲǰ
ǳľӡ
ȼǰ˵ԭļõһ԰ɣ
ֲ˵ͷ
ȼ˼ԣҴͷβûףõʵˮƽӦû
ֲ³ľӣ罭ȼ˵ȷʼߡ
ţְֺ߿£һ϶¿ѧϰ¡
ȼһУѧϰڣδ·Ǹ鷳ǵöš
ŮЦۣɡҼӽҶ켸
*
У԰һĺɫɴԵѧ̾Ϣŷ׷׳˽ҡݵǡ
ֲСѧ
ⳡͣƲѧڱз·ܿӦÿϿԼ˰ɣӦÿϺԼ˵˰ɡӦûǰһЦţӽ˰ɡ
ֲĶ۾һ䣬Ҳں׷Ůߡ
ֲ
ǳֱףЦЦѽ״Ԫľʱ̡
ֲ
ŵҲǺ˵Ҳ״Ԫģõʮ϶ǵһˡǰ𡭡ҾӦò
ˡҽӹ¯Ƕ˵иѧ1+1=2дһҳĲݸֽû׼Сѡ
ֲ㿪Ц
ܵСѧСϡϡţֱЦȺûаơֲһ꼶⣬Ƽһűİơͷٶ۵ذѱʺͱһװѳſڵĲƿҲװͷˮء
ֲֹסͬʱ⡱һ£ûô
̧ͷֲֻ֮˲ʪˮ̶ĺССı촽˶š߶߲һӶڵϡ
ֲҴ߹ȥ˫סĸ͵ذ˰һҳ
ƣŬ˼ֲ
ֲûµİơ
ƣУ㲻Ҫ˵һҪѧϰҵץʱ䡣
ֲ˰ƣϢһ˰ơ
ƣߣҪѧ顣ҽھдĶҶ̫ס
ֲˣ˵ˣ߰ңƸ磬ҽƸɲɣҸ
СֻȻ۵ײһȻ˲ûȥóһ˱ֽƤ飬򿪣䣬붨һ߶ӽ˳ȥ
Ƽһгĳ״ԪƸ
ֲݺݵһۣɶʱȡЦΪء
ҿƲԼΪ̫Ц˹
ֲŰƳɽŵ׳ۡɿ쿴·̫ˡֲͼȥסƵ֣ΪͻøһµٶȡǣСֻ붨־ʯ鱾ϣҲ
ֲˣں澡ţһֱһֱߣߵɽɽϡ
ҡڣܵѨ棬ϸֲһβ͡
ֲƣҳ
Ѩɾһ2д֮ͣ
ֲƣл˵
ԽԽ󣬴󵽼ֲ˸£

ֲ֪ܴ̼̫ѾҪħˣȿ״ԪܾһֱһֱԼ̾˿أɽȥ
ֻǣţһ¡
ղźʲôģһ꼶αôѰûǵԼСʱѧЩΪˡ
*
һѧУ񡣼ֲǰԲܿ㶼Ŭˣ޻ˡ
ͷ϶ǵʮǰ˵ҪŸӦҲܸｻý
ֻǰơʲôʱԷеĵӣԼһɳʱͿռأ
Цĳһ˼š
ɽУԼ⣺Ժ״Ԫ´ξͶһۣһ͵һһҲܹͨ˳໥Эǰ;ģ
ֲûȥͳһ·ġﳯ
ѧУֲȿ۽ȼ칫ңʦǱ˹ģ촩˼£ھ¶һԵı
ȼߵвĹбȥһͬѧһϣ˿˵һ׷׸ϲ
üëؿֲȥ
ҲǾŬпĻӦҲȡòĳɼֲѹסǰʱȴԼŵĳʵضŵͷ
ֲ뿪ȼյߣС˵еģõһҸĳɵʮΪףأһԸɡ
ֲ˵ͷ
ͬʱͻȻСѧǱߵĺ졣˸ŸĳһתͷȥƼСѧʦǱ֣Źָ㣬ƺǷʲô˵¡
ȼҲƼǱߵĶÿü΢
һ¼ֲĸ첲˾䣬ߡ
˵գһǰһ󣬸Щ룬첽ҴٳǱߵСѧȥ                        
лҪ˵Ц̱ڵϲ
¸ܡ

39

ֲվһСܲͷĺ, ۾򲼸˺ܶණ, һад, ӴӴֵģ¼֣
һ꼶һһ档
ֲ棿ʲô棿
ȼվߵ, ǸС, ǽл档
ϸʽȼҲҰƣֲȴҴҿֺķģ100, ѧ100Ȼ100, ˼Ʒ£100
ĵһʤĻȼ
лϲԣж죡ƾȻѧϰôôԱʲô
ĵǻΪϲá
Ȼ, ۾˳ƿ򲼸ط
Żֵľ, ƸĿڲϡеľӶ飬дССĺ, ֻдս, Ӽ, ƺܿ
дʲôֲȻһⲻСѧдôָ
ֲʹǰȥ, յԼһѧǶҲǸ˸ʦ۵ľǶ
һλϻʦɽװָžʵһС˵ţѵһţͱ˵1+1=2Ȼó¾ġ°ͺղ롯֤һκγִżһһȻ֮͡
ֲսȥɶôҿ
һλ־űӵʦּܶȽ1+1=2λ˵ȷţ൱ˣⲻǡֹλͬѧȻáN̩չʽĶ, ƤŵдƯѧĻֺԴﳪŽ죡
ֲҲչȥ˿ȵȣʲôֹôƤŵˣ
ԿǺʹ۽ȼڿƵȻӣǱվ˱Ƚ١
ֲ˹ȥֻȼֵ˵㰢Ƶ𣺡Ψһһʴ⣬оϤҰλͬѧо߿հ׶дˡ
ֲѱǼϣϸϸؿ
Ұⵣϲź̡޹𣬴׽ܵĮɵӣӱ㵽ѷʳ㡭
ȫָҰд˸飬ϿֵܳĹ߼½ǵĿհ״ܽ᣺
ЩҶͦϤģ
ֲ
ֲȼҷˣķˣ¶⣬ͦϲġǣʦܸܲңզ֪ʲô°ͺղ̩չʽģ
ȼһӡ
°ͺգ̩գдѧˣ
ֲͷ
ȼ֮ǰҰ칫ң˵輸̸𡣡
ֲ԰ҼǵأҲڡǳԲݮʲôġ
ȼ˵ԭߵǡŶ᣺ʮڵļӼǺⱾûߡһѧ鼮ӣȫˣ
*
СܲͷʦûӰӡֲֹѰңƺҲ
˵Ǻ꣬ѧôӹŵûгֵѧ˵ϣ
۾ˣֲſȺСѧһ꼶ſΧȥӿԺڼû˯һ㲡˵ʲôҵһЩţȻβһɾЦ
ֲ˹ȥܶҲӹȥֺ棬㿼㡭
Ƶ˽ţСܲͷʦΣңңԼļֲ

۾ЦһÿεɽԼ
ͷҹһڣ˦ں棬ǧǰս졣
ءĵġŴǱԼŮõϲúڴ
ҲЦˡ
ȻûеܹƺȻеһѣΡģЩûվȣԱߵͬѧϽס
ΪһʱʧأȴѣθԽԽǿ֫һ̱ȥ
ԱߵСͬѧʧ֣Ƶȥ
Щʱգʵ̫
ԺУֲĺСС
ƴȫյԣڵϣȻһֻֿŵ£
ĵ֣ܳϸСëԭԲ°ͣԲǺԵĳ̶⡣
ֲ۳ƨˣڻͣ
϶ǲеİι
ôʦͬѧô֪ʶ꣬Ҫǿһֻ𣿣
Ҳܰ㱧ѽһѧ׷ǹʵģôأ

ǧһ֮ʣֲͻȻе¶ף˫§ơ
ǽȼ
ȼѰѾøë׵ԴվԴҵ̫ˣû¡⺢Ҳʶѧϰ̫̿ˡ
ʦͬѧͣŶԶԶԣǰģûЪ
ǰǰ챧鱾·Ҫ͸֧̫أ
ȼʹҵͷҰ칫и˿ҴȥϢϢ
ֲ༸Ҫһ䱸ؿŽȼԶظšһһСβͣȼȴ治ɫҴвȥ
ֲȼô£
·ϲ̸ЩֲֻܳĬظŽȼߵ칫ң֮Ѹٰŷ
ȼѰƷŵһŸ˿ϣѾΪС״̬ͬѧ۾⻬ıǼһһ֪ʲô
ֲȼʦѾߵ˰칫ԣ򿪳룬ڷЩʲô
˵С붨ѧϰɡõùͣһʱָܻ
ֲ
ʽȼʱ֪
ȼڳ﷭ңӵһμҴӹ緹ܵѧУſڣҾͿ˼¶
ֲô£
ȼʲôʲôʱˣȫˣҪȫ֪ʶһĹũȺڽһٽǲô˵ô
ֲǡ
ȼһָֻڴһʾֲƵĶ
ҪˡȼС˵
ƵԽԽһֻǣ϶ԲС档
ȼȻһŻɫķƵĺϡ
ֲʲô
ȼŰƵۣ𽥱ɳô󣺡ɽ˵ǸӦҲĺ˰ɡҼĵʿ塣ġڱˡ
ֲһʱԿǷɡ
Ϣе
ƿ˵һƾȻö°ͺղ롣̩չʽֹƻˡȼȻ֪ȼȻ͵ʿ
ֲϸ˼š
Ҳˣ20201974ȼӵһμͿʼѣط׳ǴҰߵſڣȼ˵ʲô񡱡
ȼǶһС
εȴء
Ʊǵ֮ͻȻһ
ʱƤë⣬Ϻһ˿׸⣬ɻáС·һԣ̧ͷżֲıЩİ񲻼ǵˡ
ȼȤĶС
С￪ʼ֨֨С
ͬѧϴ˽ȼµƤŪһ飬ü´ɸӵתԴһᣬƵţһ˳ȥ
ֲˡ
Ҫȥİ
ѰȼǰסģھҪģֱͱܡڵӣеоᱻҰߡ
һ仰ֲһѸߡ
ʦ٣ҵȥտһ°ơ
СֻʲôȥˣֲһӲԭԼ

ȼˮ˼
ԭϿ죬ȻԸҡȻһЩüͷһ壬ѸӹóһЩ䡣
ߵ񲿣쵼˼٣ʾҪñ֪һ¿ΡҲ磬ĥɽȥ
¶
ʱǴ졣
˥΢ҲãжҲãڴ졭ȻȻطĳһ                        
лҪ˵Ҳ

40

ɽϲɫҡҷ
֮, Ʈƶ䣬һȺһȺΡ
ֲ̤, һ·ɱ, ĥɽɽԶСֻδ׷Ӱ
ȵϤɽ, ŷҳ, Щûʲôġְסȥĸס˺ѵʹغţ, ƣ
žʯͶվ˻, 졣
˽ȥѨſ, ԭԼֻͲݵӱײ, ʯϵһСƿ廨ڵأҡִ١Ǳ˭çײسȥ, ˵״
ֲһֱǰߡ
·ʯ̨, ԭůȻ, ܱĵطʣ޼
˵ůĲľ, ôʯеĿζԽԽŨ˿˿ЩĻš
￪ʼǰδ̤ĸشˡ

شǰֲ֮ղܡ
ǰֲٺá, һȡ
ֲټȣҲ̤ܶһ
ǰصݷش
ֲЩżվֺ˼䡰ơ޻졣
¸Ǻڰ֪ʲô
ֲٶȼĻ
˵ں
ʲô޿ܻ˺
ôأ᲻һ̴ɽܹʱ򣬾ʲô޸أƽʱģϲź̡ڻΧҰ
ʱ򣬼ֲԼ԰˽̫ˡ
˿ɫһָģʹ
һһﶴѨߡ
ԽԽҰ׵ܲĤϡֲһǳһŵ̽ţһڶŻеĺСһë׵˸еġ
ƺƽȣ롣
˺ܾúܾãѨͻȻһȻ
̫ӦݹȣֲƬ̡
ȵͫ׵Ծ۽ܿߴʯٵĵºӴʯ񣬻һһĶж
ʯ毰׵ӨһҫŶѨѺˮ״Ĺ⣬׳续һֱൽѨԶԶλá
ֲ³һ졣
ͷȥԼȵһŲֽǦŤŤдŵѧ̣ɶ̡
һ仰ͰͣƺǱˮʪģСѧѡֲ֪ôġ
úۺȻЦ
첽ѰԼһصԽԽվһҵλڣʶƿܾ֮
ƿĴӳģһƤĴ󴲡Χ˺ܶĲݵ档иССһΣһҫ谵Ѩ
ǰơ
Ավһѩ׳ͷˮݰïסֱ۵С
ȵȵȵȣȵȵȵȡ
С
Сʣĸ
*
ֲյ
滹ǲý
û뵽û뵽
Լ̤İƶѨȻͱŮӽȵӣƺǹٴذ˸´ɱҪιˮëҪƲ̬ƺҪҪٸ˼һʾ벻Ƶѽ
Ŷˣֻ꾫ɡڰƵһκԼսʱ򣬲˵ҪǸjingȥ𡣺ԼѧУԵһ緹ʱҲ˵ֻ꾫
ʱΪǹ˵ءһɽôܷôֻѽ
û뵽ġ
ֲġ
ûͦƯģһİۣ۾һĴ촽һĽ߷ۣݲһ밡ٿ·ѩסɾõ֯ϡ˵ǰˣԼֱֵ֡塱ĸ̲סչȥ䡣
ٿԼأղܵüЬϽͷҲɵҺģˮݵ۾ŶУӴ˺ϴһѷ졣
治
2020ĸɲ˵ġֲԼͷĿֻ񻭵ĺ꾫
ŶֻС갡Ǽֲ
ĻСüëһ
Сꣿǧˡƾ֣ýڰɡ
ֲһ
꾫۾¿Ŷˣ˵㡣
ֲһ
ƻͱ˵Ұ֤λûԣ·ǣ
꾫ѻ˵꣺˵Ǹ˰ķС
·ټ
ֶġСѸϷء
Ŷԣ˵ǡﳯ
񰡣ʱЩɶأ
ֲҧҧ촽˹˵Ŷô˵ҵİ
Ȼ˵ҵĻӦ֪Ҷٶҽѧȥɣչ
ȥ˻ȥ˻ȥˡ
˭ϣǺ꾫۾һУżֲЦչһɣôչ֪ô˽⣿
ѻ溦ġӣ絽ѧϰϢԪ˿Ǽϡǧ궼ûȺڱϣҪŪ𣿡
ꡣ
ֲĿһۡ
ǧСӺ񶼻ͷ
˵ʹˡȷ֪ôչҲȷǾ䡰״Ԫ״Ԫһ𡱺
ǰ˲ֻССĻ棬ͻȻʶԼƴֻǧ꾫ˡ
ǾٲɣҲٸʶȤġֲ򦣬ĥһʹսһһ
꾫Ůʿؿżֲһȥû֮ƼССĻֺ̣ϽðëպһЩˮĶͷϡ
*
ͬʱɽɽϱĽȼż߳˺ȻδѰĿꡣ
һЩûиϼֲ
ͷ΢΢֪ʱǴＴʱ̡
ӺɽѾһƸһƵĵš
֪ôüֲչǸصСأ
֪ôܲȥһֻǣŪĳѨأ
̽Ѱ֮ʱϺȻһ΢춯
ŮǳǳĿϸ˿һȴĶĤ
Ǽֲ
ֲôˣ
ѭ߶ƹɽ־ȻһŴʯͷ濴ſŮ
žžડˮڲҶϡ
ֲ·ڴЩ˺ѣͷЩңƺûʲô
룬ȫβȫģá
ֲû
ȼԱ߿ʯͷͷššۡһָϥϣƫͷˮѾͷôˣҲС𣿡
ֲڿڣһ£˵ʦûһܹˡ
ȫô˵ģ
ȼ˵
̫ˣ
ұ
ҺģȥҲˣ
˵Ҵʲô¶ǣ
ҡ
ȼüëһ
˵ʲôͱһ𣿡
ֲ˵ͷ
԰ɣǲҲò˼飬ɽضȻܳô
ȼ̾һ
ֲϲɣ

41

ȼ, ôʵ
ɽտѹ˶Ĥ̫Ӧ, ټϿһ, ֲٸܶһ޻
ֹסˮЩ졣
˵ʲô
ȼտڲԡ߱úܽ, ۾΢΢, һãôϤżֲͫʡ
ǿǸɾͫʣȻԱ۰϶Ѫ˿, ίġ
ȼ˿ϵķ񣬸ܵɽǴ͸ǻɽϽ̹ġ˵, Ӱ΢, ȴû, Ǿɵرϴ
̾һûʲôͦáеҪá
ֲ, ʵ˵˰ɡһ, ʵͦõġ
ֲ͵̧Ϊʲô
ȼ۾ȥ, ȥעӺһӿҵɽ, һ˫ϷǴˡĶᷢ|顣֮£ֻСǧĻǻָܿġ
ֲʲô
ͻȻվ
ȼû뵽ֲķӦȻô
ղϻ飬һʹǹƾȻȫɢˡֻɴ۾žҵĺһһҧ
Ǹƺ꾫, Ȼ⣿
գǸǣҪǸҶֻ꾫ң
ȼЩǸɶģңҰáôģȥǰգ
ȼ
㲻ǲϲ𣿡
룺ôһ˵ӣ͸ҪȥһԹŮһǰҲȽ֣ô໰ˣ
ֲʲôЦ
աңֲһôĽ˵ġڻСգ
ֲԼû˵ȼҲ֪ʲô㲻Լʲôƾֱ¡ֱǣܷζСô
͵ǯסȼקһȥߡ˻óʹһ
Բ𰡣߶ţ˽̣Щ֣Щ󡣽ðҡ׽˽̡һ¶㲻Կ
ȼһ¶
*
뵽|飬ֲӶʦͰˣʵ׷ɣҰƮ㣬ǹܽ|ĺüڡ
ʱĽ˵ֲӲ񱼣ӵ
㲻ԼΪɶôңղҲȼˡ
룬ְǾһԶһԶСЩˡ
̼ǵðСʱѧϰɣǻǺأƲҲȻȻذСצӵֵϣһϿҵ˵Ҫ㽻|䡱
ǻҲûôأȰ˵Լ¶ǳOKҪۡ|ֳ֪ʶڴҲһĻͬзܺ
ôھôˡ
ֲ룺˵ȥҾܲǸ񴿴ЦСѣǸˮСѣǸΪҿ̿ѧϰ̩ŵʽСѡ꣬ðɣǸǧҾܲǸһǧᱳҸ۵¡
Ҳ裡ңƯļ֣

ȼֲקܣԭһĳڱ¶20ı飬ȫƯˣݣ£˦ӡ
ƹһ֦Ծſһ±˵󲻴С˵СĶѨ
ֲѾϷŷҡ
ƣߣȥȥѾģҡ
ȼżֲ˶Ѩ˼·һҪȰҪ嶯;ٸտ֮Ĳ֮ͬʱ
һ׵Ӱǰ
ȼһŶǼֲ˵ģ
Ǻܺÿˣ˫ۺߣںڵĳٲ£ƺռ˵ӰӡΣǡǻǧ겻޵õá
ֲɫһ͡
°͵ҪҪȥ㡭
ȿȣҡ
ѨһСС
ֲֻ˵ˣ
ȼʲô
ŷֽļֲûٶ룬Ѩ塣ȼҲȥǵܵһλãͺײһ͸һ⣬ƾŬҲýȥ
ֲֲ¡
ǹȫȻûһîӾܵҲˡ
ȼԱλһϮµĳŮ˳ӣЩΡ
ˣáûõģ˽ˡ
ȼô£
Ǻ꾫أߵʯ̨ϣһСݸһˮ۵ĺӡϸġԭչȻֲˡ˵˼仰ǹͱˡ֮ǰΪûʶȻȴ
ܶԼֲǿɣҪôǱֱܵΣҲ̫ǵֲˣȻȻŭһЩصΪߣҵˣϡ
ȼվ׼ȥ
Ů㲻취㲻ǸŮӡܿͦġ
ȼü۵ʹȣҲǸǧǧ㲻ϣҽĳƱҲΪ
Σֲҵķ䶼ˣѡֻÿ컯Ҳʲôġ
Ů΢΢һЦǸˡ֪ɷҪĵַأЩ鲻ýĻһǰȥ߶ŵġ
*
ֲһ붴Ѩ뷽Ŵһ
ղޱߵʯʯͶźӵˮ⣬廹ġ񾲵ġˮŤڶһ̵ۡ
ֲ㿪ʼɾۣɾĻţһϴ᲻췢̣Ҳȥ
ʲô
ǰɣӰǿԼҲšǸʲô𣿣
˫ϥһᣬԭأȻ㲻ԼĿˡ
һʼֹƺͺ꾫¡ں꾫Ҳˡ
ΪչЦԼӣûչɣ
һˣŻһֽȼ׵Ҳûи
ֲ׼ߣһɴͻȻһȻбǰȥ趯Ĳ⣬ҡת㣬ԵһƤĴϡ
˭̧򢣬ۡ
ֲ룺ְԭ˫۶ô峺ôɾôڡȫǷӿĳһ
㲻ô
Ȼˣͱˡ
ѾǻǵˣҲǰƵģֱͬ仯ÿһǼ͹ĺԸУһССɽڼ¡
ֲȥܸ֪Сɫļ±ӿʻѪ
£һƤԼ
һǳɬġɾģȴɾϵˡ
2020ֲҲһûʶˡҲܶӣûʲôǾһˣһԣһûʲô̫˶ѡ
ԼҪʹȥˣȥิ
վײײġ
һС
һӣǱһϣѾʧ˵ļֲǣס
ӡԼģڡп룬ͷС
ֲȻһ
òȥˡ
˵⸱ģˡ
˱һ21ļֲС˰ɣ                        
лҪ˵Ҫ°
̡

42

ֲͻȻƵӡ
ǿ, Χɽ޵ļѩҹ, Ằ, ơһһСС壬׸, ƪĶٺ, Ծ
ֻǸѵĺӡ
ǣСָȵСꡣ
룺ǸͦСĺӣôͱأ⧲سˣͬХӿİνٶȡ
§סֲһϢ, ͬΣ̵üֲһ¡
ıǿ, ǿԼ̫ܿƵסԼĵϧ, ԼҲûʲô, һж˳µġ
ϾһĺɫĺϵĴա
ֲݴԼȡ֣档, Ҳ, ҲǶ
һ, ƾ嶯, ಻ԡһһݣֻᰮһˣֻԸһˡǡ
ֻ֪ܲסϾ˵ˡѨϢ֮ǰøճӰҲҽͬһ÷пӵĻƲ, ޷ơ
ֲָקסµƤָȻһͣһһţȼķ䣡

Ȼ֪ЩǸʲôõģȼ϶ԼģǶ˵ϰ

ĳֻܵ21ĳŮҧһ飬
Żͦģľ
žͷһ
Żͦ𺳵ģôܾģ
žһ
Ҳ㲻ˣ̺ģ
ȥȥʲôǽʲôɽϳƷ޵У˳Կϵι
Դֽİƣͬ־һֻǧһ£̱ڼֲԱߣۣ˯ߡ
ŷ񾭣һᵹڻߡüۣ߾Ц⡣
ܾܾǻϲġ
ԭϲԼģԼҲġ
ȻĳЩ̫죬ʯһͻĽ|ٵߣף˰ԼļϷǳҪλãֻǧĵĺ꾫ҪҪ
޲վԼĹƣֲܰʮսʤǧ꣡
һֻüëС˵ٵȵȡٵȵȡҲϣΪһɿܵĴգ¡ϣһ졭Ǳ˴˳죬Ͷϣ˹ͬǿľΪȡΨһš
ֲļߣ£Ըе¡ס졣
ȻһŷСڵĻյƳƶǡǰֻ̻촽ϵĸɿԡ
ͣͣͣ¡
ͣͣˣ
ֲҸղŽɶأ
ܲ˺ŷԼϣ
ÿŷöһһ˺һֱأ
ôͣˣʲôʲô
*
ֲСѨʱ򣬾͸Լһ仰
ģˡ
λǱʲôľ˯߷ŵʵʵԼվԵǧǿӰ졣
ϴΰƲɱ˳ԼɱСúܿ֡һƻǣǱԸ
갡εǰҲƻ𣡣̫˰
һٺӴָʼƽʯʯȻ
źԼѾ1975ֲˡָָԭũı룬˫Ҳ¶Ů峺
촽˳·Ъ˺һַضѨĳһԴķ䡣ѹȻȷнʱ֡Ӧþͻָˡ
δֲԴӵ뿪Ѩ
Why WhyWhy˭ĶҪȥδҸδôͰƽͣ˵ɴ಻ҪͣԺѣ

¶Ҫиùڣ˵˵ȫȻûС
Ψһ˽ĽȼɡǸеġ
ҽȼҲûվڶѨſڵǺ꾫Ҳڣǵȥˣ
ֲСʱĹ£һ֪ϦϦʼȥЦػǰ磬ŷִˣиĸ꣬ټǵüʮǰһҹʧٵ
ֲԶһѵȼ̻ɻұ紵
Ȼɽׯǰһģһڴڴˮʶ˳ΪʲôѧУˡ
ߵԲȥǶѲ˰ɣŶԣսȼˡ
ֲҪͷţ
Բ˻һֱûл͸˵ѧϰ¶ˡ˵˺üΣѧϰ࣬ҸŴ࣬ΰκ
ֲţտʼֱ̬ŴࡱǰĽʬӰŴͨġ
һӲҵԼűϡ
*
ȻƴӴ˾ѧáʧˡ
ӵǿڱ˵ġļУСŮѳϿˣֱ˷ڻԴ
ʶ˵еʷţȻдһŴѧҲԾ֮󣬾Ҳڽҡ
Уϧţ˼ɽ·˸ӣǸ̰ѧСѧȥˣ˱ʾû˵ˡ
ΨܲԾڹϹհ֤ʵһжǻΡ
Ҳ֪׷ʲôÿʼֲСأզ¶ֲһӵҡҡͷ
ڵڶȥɽģǴΣֻδÿΣֻҪߵѨᱻһ͸ס˵ʲôʲô涼Ӧûͽȼ˵ʲôֻԼ취ѧǰ֪ʲôӾŶΣָѪֻľô
һΣîž˸̿񱼣ҽȥĻҿɾײ
Ȼ󣬾ײһ࣡һУܹ׼ȷصһĲݵϡ
һССݵ·˼˼ֲԼߣصظ׼ȷ½ϵġ
ǧۺķ˵Ⱦܱȵùġ
ȼʵ֪󲿷װһжûзҲô⣬ԾÿμֲΣһ߸ŨⱲ˵ǰҪǸ߿Ҫп㲻ҪΪԼ츳Ϳиˡ
һѧ󣬽ȼֲСѧʧ䣬˾䣺
С𣬵ȷѧġĸ꼶̵ܽȫᡣУҲ˰ɣǸСëͷˡ
ӷɿתĻлȥȶȣũׯڳñνڻ֣ͣ˼˼ͼ˻飬̿ѧϰҽѧ֪ʶڽȼİ²μʵϰҽʦԣʽ߳ɽĵһ
Ͼп
ǰϦһֲһϴпԵʮؽһ㣬һʮ
ֲһjioµϣ켸ܡʵǰòȫװģҿȫصһӴ

ȵһ죬ȫǱȼӵسвμӿԵģһϣҡҡλδصֲŸɽ·ǻɵο˸С
дˣǳҪһˡ
ֲø첲ƱϵίԱҳ׸ɡ
ίԱӡ橣ͷҽɤˡأֲɤ㳪װɡӡУܾǰļֲ˵ǵڣԸãܽŲѡɵѾԵˡ
ֲһʱ벻ҪʲôԭͲԼҲ̫ġ˼죬̴һײ಻Ƕʮ¸衣
ÿһζǻµмǿ
ÿһξҲ⡱

Ҷغк߳ʱ򣬼ֲԶɽϿһģӰ
ǣϱ˦ں棬ûˡ                        
лҪ˵ֲб¿ѽװڼҡ
ƴү㲻ǸԼƷͦ

43

䲼ɼǰϦ, Ϊ켸ְ𣬴Űοֲ, صҹһҡ
ܼд, ´ɸ׺ˮǷǷؽûϵ, ۾㿼, ϶Ҳϸеġҵ˵طǳã˵ңϸСϸе, ȥϸС
ʱ˲лǰ۸ֲ, , ǸǳĺԺпȥظ, һüŶİǡȳȥŻףһط, Ÿš, Ϊһɲݺӵ
˵ͷ
ֲȫӡ
һֻʺͱ, Լܳȥ, ҪǮ
ڹȥİûô֣˵ȽȱǮȱһʼаưżˣʧ١ˣֻ´㣬ӳ顣
ǰ׾˵ģûзʶ, ôճš
ļҹ΢ȼֲͳһţ˵˾䣺ке·û
һʲôأУҵǴӳҸ·𣿡
ֲ°ͣΪʶ˶࣬Ϣ֪һϢеĻ͸ңģҲ߱˵ġ۲㡣
ļ򣺡Լ֪ңѧϰг·ˣԴôǲȰȰ㰡·ߡ
ֲ̾˿
Ѵزע⡣
سˣܶǴӴģǰԹˡʳũʱǻıӡ
ȻسԺ񹤵ǺҺڣֻǳԵλʳãԳԵζ
ֲ֣汧Թȥ֯ûʳˣ˶һȦأ
ʶֲһЩʳõسǵĺȥӦûв·ȻǮԼѺѧҲˡ
ȼȻҲǮֲ¶鷳ȼ֡ڲȥسʦѾæýͷöҲȥҪ⡣
룬Լұ·

ŷԽԽ˶ԽԽţǼֲûʲôֻǻʱվڷϣԶɽλãϣܹһֻСɵӰӡ
ҿ˰ơ
*
죬ֲ˯˸ݳͣΪῼңΪ˭ûüˣضȦϷŴҳʣİͷͺϡ
ֲ۾ԷƼԱиԵҲʲô¶ˣ˸ٺú顣ϣǼıʼ
˷ֲڴıˡ
һ˵Ǻ£ֻ߹꣬û˻ڴڷڡڷŵñȼȢϱ࣬žͦĵġ
ˢ룬߳СԺֻɾվͷٱµ
ĵԽԽˡ
ֲžգĨӳ´ӳĺˣˣӣ˸״Ԫ
Ȼӳܳǹڣ𣿡
ȺЦ
һ䣺ΰ˼Ҽֲҵļֲ
ֲ߳⣬ľǳһģ
Ц£Ǹӳôʦڵءһп
´ӳʦôУӵһ״Ԫȫص״ԪֲɸǴ˰˲ð˲ã
Ӧץżֲ˵ǣʲôϴпԻʮôͽôˣզģ
ֲݸֻ˵ҲǸ˵ô֮ǰϹģزǺúÿġ
Ȼģ
ˣϲˣһ嶼䶯ˡ
˳´ӳķ֮⣬վڷϵȺϢبİһɽɽĥɽ֪ˡ
깵ط⼸ĴɽȻ˸Ů״Ԫ
溰ʱ򣬻ΪԼϱԲɽ±ֻŮϿ˸컨վڴھߵĹ㳡ϡԭɹʳõģżôӳվǶ仰ڣ˸̨ӣֲǹһվ̨롣
ֲͷ繷ͷĺ컨еΡ
ӳ˵״ԪǶǴС㳤ģҺҪ󣬾رһֻҪģһ㣡
˵գһֽϣҪд棬룬ż
ֲͷдˣ
ӳЦ㿴ӣдɣ
ʱͺԲȫӵҲдԸǴûй£صɽѵóһ״ԪȻˡ
ǹܻҪһͷܻҪǮܻҪʳ
Ȼȼֲдˣ´ӳҶִӳͰ֡ˣҶӿ϶дɡ
Ȼ´ӳ˿ȣ¶˵ֲԸɣͦģˡ
ҰζǲԵģ˺ġɩӾΪҰζȾ档ңֲ1975п״ԪҾܳҰζԶɽ
ȫˣʲô
*
ֲͦΪɶôס
׸ֲ磬˳Ұζġ
ܺͽȼΪ²ɺϣʹ
ҲʹǾıôҲҪҰζûںһһεֻЩԭӦúúûŵ˼ȥ20032020Ĵɽ˶һԭ÷ļ
ֲȨôһʱ뵽ľôҲҪٳҰζⲿֵķɷô׳ҰζǴشľ
ʶӳ˵һԸʱһ뷨ǴʱеǿԸ
ȼƫƧɽȳΪعȷ棡
´ӳֲ֪ϷʱˡֲôõһӣΪԼ˸Ⱦ棬űȫӵˣǶôߵľ񣬶ô˽ľ񣡻״Ԫ
ԼĶӣǿžһŰҪʲôʱ˵ôˮƽԸԼöϳ¼ҵؿͷ˰
뵽´ӳҵ磬ֲҶʮΪô˲ŵĹĸǣ׵üͥҰ϶ˣ
ѧǿѧǰѴڹɼֲ״ԪдĿںţһӭڶ
ߣû
̰ʳҰж
ɽҰãסĹ

һھɽλãɽܿ״ԪŮʿΪҪΪֿģ
ⲻóԣֿ֪
ֲŲӿǳı룺ԭβСıײˣҲƲ˸˰ɡ                        
лҪ˵ճ棬+Ԥյһ㣬ౡ
*
´γܿģ

44

ɽһƬĵعϡ, سǷ羰˿ڶࡣسѧȫѧѧУ, μٳ, ˷ѧӡ
һ˲䣬ֲӵһ˿طִĴ
վѧУ¿ȥ, ֻѧУһСɽͷ, ͷɽǱ߻ѧУһӿĴӣչ·ŽӲӵİĭ, һߣ麫ڴ˴սľ
س, վɽһġ˳, ԼҲ, һҲŸĸҲ뿪ǸССɽ塣
ֲĿ⻮ȥͶԶУſڡ
, ɫӭչ, 顰ӭп״Ԫֲѧ
ѧҪһЩװĶ, ܻ὾״Ԫ, ԣڼֲûѧʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ֲǸûʲôϾԼ20ˣѧ֪ʶһȺСƨ״Ԫʵûʲô̫ġν̵νȼҲǿǵĿ1977ȫи߿״Ԫ, ǳǳѣп״Ԫ˲ֹһ̨ס
ֲȻеӣҲͬȼĿ
ν̵վڼֲԱߣһϣԼ´εĲϰʱ䡣ֲҡҡ֣ʾһһ£·˵ʲô
һһҵģԱŮ˵˵״Ԫǰһ
һλǸɸɾŮ۾Բǳ˵һҲܵ״Ԫ
˽Ȼ˽ûѹ㹻ͣýȼͼֲˣ԰һƴѪŵ״ԪģƳúܳ󡣡
ȼ
һۼֲԼûжɫ
ֲһ䣬ǰȥһǽϣס˵ġ
Լһȥ㿴ҳ󲻳ƴѪɱģҳ󲻳󣿡
ͬѧû뵽ֹ״Ԫڸǰ˹һƵܵˡ
ֲЦ
ȼüôߵ𣿲̫á
ֲ˰칫ңţʦҾ㲻ߵҲû͵ˡƣʷ˴÷зġ
ȼʲôǺʷ
Ǹˣܿͨʵĺ塣
ͷǵģԭȿһȻпԽһЩпܿ״Ԫһкܶ˶㡣
ֲԣԴ
ȼͷԣԴĻСĵɡڳǻҳ㲹Ρһ⡣
ֲǡ
ǰȼקסĸ첲ջƵͲϵˣ
ֲɫһˡǸɵӣΪҰܾˣڶŪ硣ⱲӾɡ
ȼ˼ؿżֲı飬΢΢һЦŶܾ˰
ֲ˵ˡ
ȼӻŲο뿪칫ҡ
*
Ҵææһˣֲصᡣ
˵ᣬʵǸңʮ˯
ʮؼѧĳ
ʽšֵҳ䵱ᡣÿϰҾҪһߣͬȥѰԼġᡱȥ˯Լÿʮסһݡ
̸ֲǾȥ˸һĽңͬѧָ˿ǽλã״Ԫ˯ɡ
ʵǽߵλûáֲϲ˯б߽ĸоǰӣΪԭһʽ񻨼Ӵ嶼пϡ
ǣлͰ̸˹ȥ
ҹʱ֣¹ˮС죬еʶԷĸģ벻ҵģǸġ˧Ĳ񻰵Ľȼ
ֲĵǲܺͽȼˣһ׼˶ϴл
ίԱֵȻȥ߽һ˵Ŵͷȣ˯ˣ
̲ͨŻָ
Ȼ˲ãִOO@@Ķԭĥ˵λġͷģһ֡
ֲ۾̾ԱߴչһŮ˯ˣ
ϸһɽͬѧίԱӡ橡
ֲӡ󻹿ԡӡ橳úƯԵ˳аϵίԱֲ̫Ҵû˯ôӡҵ̫µϺȡ
ӡǳǳһЦҲû취ˣԺͺˡ
Ȼ̾䵣ĵòϺȣ絣ܲܳԵñ
ֲȻôһ˵ܾûл
ǴԶɽˣһԴһܵĸһ˳ԡе˻ĸոպãҲЩ˻Ϊ׾ݣĲֲ̫Ϊֲ״Ԫ罱ʳȱЩ
ӡΪô˵أ
һ·ȥǽǴԼӣһʱһ亹ĸ治ˣ
ͷҲûʲôǮҲû˸ôҪһڵĶˡ
˼ӣһͬѧӡ橿϶֪飬ôԼ϶Լ˭ġ
ͬʱʱ¶ʦҲûáǸ͵ʳģ϶ʳˡ
ǸˣȻȳСѸѡﵹɳӵ
벻Լ׵˭ǰҪ취һܵķ

ֲ·С鲻ҪţҪţ˼άͼһ
·һͬѧߵ⣬һϣֽ˼άͼ
˼άͼǰĸ׽̹ġ˵ิӵҵ⣬ͨ˼άͼȥѰÿһֽ;

˼·һȼ
ôǣ϶Ǹ֡
ǣѾܶ˶ڶԼˡͽȼ۹¶ˣõ͵ˡ˿϶˵ǸɽһŮúɽ˧нʦһˣʯ
ֲ˼·һϴ˸档
˼·ؼҡ
ôǣܿʳ
ǣǿѧһ죬ôͻؼȥˣ۲˵Ǹ͵ʳҲ⡣ؼǡûгûǰܳγСֻܲѵĳ⳵ֻŻᵽ
ֲ˼άͼ˺˺ͣ׼ȥ
ʱȻ´춯
Զ
ֲԼӶ˶㣬һ֦棬ȴ
ҴˡӰԺͬǶһСС
ֲһ
٣еˡ
ǼƻǲģͻᱻΪͶѡÿֵĵسϣƱػĺУȥѵĽס
ֲʳȥǱˡ
˭룬޾֮·ʱϣȻܴеϢ
Ŷеλã߼ǣЩ죬ŽţȻøСˣˡ
ż˵ǸǸŮҲԹ̫Сˡ
ͣΪ⻰ɲ͵һ·ˣˣĵظʦǲˣ
䣬ֲһԾǰŵһһŮһ
վǰֲϳǽ죬˵״Ԫܳ󡱵һԶ
ٲȻŻˡ״Ԫ㶼ʲôˣ˵ʲôû˵
ŮҲŵ£֪״ԪҲ㣬˲С˹ȿȡ
ֲһЦ˵ļ򣬵ǣȥУһ
λͬѧ״Ԫ˴һ

賿ĵ㣬һһŮںſڡ
źźװ󣬴ƱǹġһĿͶԶԼͬѧ
ֻ˸̸Ǿ
ʲôԶԶԣ̸Ǿͷӣȫס
źͬѧڳˣ㣬״Ԫˣ˯ģ
״ԪͬѧãǿգԼĴ̾
ɵġ
ұ˯Ƥ󿻣ɽ亣ζֻҪһӻ֣ȫ޻ҵӣȫļҵĻµèɽԵ
ֲӯӯҾҵģһ̾ߡ
źź״ԪΪʲô˳Ծ

45

λͬѧоͺͼֲֿˡǲ˼Ѽֲ, Ȼ˶࣬Ҳɵ, һ̸Ǿ, ĸʽϵ͡
ֲһǿվںһǣɼžįķ羰
ǰ̸ǰ˵Ĵҵ׾ݵʱ, һǮҲǮ
ǻִ, ôᡣ
ͬʱ֮ǰٿ, ҲĳСֻ
ڣֻܿԼˡ
վڼֲԱߵǸϴ硣˳ֺ, ߣ, ¶
ظ˿жʱ, ϴԼֲͶͬĿ⣬⺢զզزһ仰, ȥɡ, û˹񣡡
ֲ̾˿, ĵϴ, Ҫ緹ûóԡ
ϴ̫̾ˡҲеܵõģĸ䵽̸ܵǾĵزˣһֲۣʢһС붹ԡֲǧлؽˣпڳԵľ͵óԣû̧զ, ɲ˶ʶӡ
ֲ߳ԶԱ̸ǾĸȻ΢΢ĻͱѧУѧ
¶һףȵʱȫУ֪Ÿ̸Ǿȥ
Щˡ
мʶ״ԪŮͬѧңζĳֵĹǾʲô
ôһ˵꣬޲ָԼĹˡ
ߵǰͿĨֲ̯λ
ֱɫ¶Ⱦŵرͷ棬źŸ˹ֲ˵ȻȥϿˡ
ֲҲ̸Ǿ׼ʱߺȻһλŮʿ
ȹƷλſ֣ϣ·ȣʡôصˣ̸Ǿ˭أ
ֲ³ϵĵһ⣺̸Ǿι
̯ϴ磺
˭ϣλŮߵֲ̯λˣŵϵĶϸ
ֱƼǿϷһ˫Ĺ˵۾ĵÿֻ꾫ᡣ
ᣬð̸Ǿ
λףҵ̸Ǿɸɾɽϴֲ֯ɣº׷
ǿ˰۾䣬ֺ˵Ŷôð˵˵ҿʲôŵ㡣
ֲȻϷ
ɿԺĳˢİѸٱһ໰
ףӣⶥĴУζ̸Ǿ˯һλع磡
Ůʿһһ۾ԽԽˡ
úúã̸Ǿ
ֲô죿ˣ
ŮʿֵǮ
ֲͻȻһ㶡
Ҳ̸֪ǾӦǮողԱЩ˵ģⶫ·Ͽܶû˼
ǣôñѽ
Լǵü100ԪôС̸Ǿи10Ԫ
ǺУ˿Ϳ϶ҪԼ۵ģû׼һͶ԰뿳
ʶ룬20ɡ
˵仰ʱԱߵ̯ϴ羪ˣڸжĵӣ㻮ˡ
ʲôС̸ǾھҪ20
10Ǯ80ˣ20160ģ˰
ֵŮҲ¶˼ı飬ϴ߹ƼֲСզģˣҲô˼ҡ
ȻǸֵŮҧҧ20ҵǿԽܣֻǮûȥ˽衣
ϴ磺ļٵģ
ֲ϶Ǽٵģ϶ǽߡ
ں׷źɾ㲻ýˣ10Ԫ10Ԫ
Ů˻˻Զȥ2020û⡣
ϴ磺
ܰҼӼ۵ģʮʮʮʮʮ
*
ŮʿһԶֲĻȦת䣬ͻȻӺвԶطľ졣
źȺɿܶͬˮ
ϴ糭ɴѶһǣñؿ۵Դϣʹһļֲ򣺡ӻŸʲôܰץ˵ˣ
˵գųԶȥ
ֲ뵽ǳǹҪ޵ļ2019ռӪܿؼϣҲǱ̯ˣȻԭļ̸ԼʱץĻԶԶֹ򵥣Ŀǣпܻѧжϲá
ֲһ˲һë¾̸Ǿ·Ȼۻˣ
ѧǰϦԲЩ֣ΪͷıӶò࣬ﵣͱ˵ĸˡץ˵õЩ죬϶ֲѧУϾ˽֡
̾ϢŶص̸Ǿĵʧߡվŷһ⣬¾͵ô룬ϵѾܵò࣬ٶȲ˺ܶԼٲȻΪץʸ֮ġ
ԶӱȥʱѾ׷󣬴ȵǰ˸ʲôģͣ£
ֲһ¡
ãͣɡ

ȼԲ𣡸߿״Ԫ㣡ȥεҾˣ
üͷһֻ֡ͻȻ˭ԣְֻġ

ָֻȣָϸϤĦֲԶĵطȥֲ˭Ҳ֪˭ֻһߵĳЦЩİС
ܵٶ磬⧲ʶƮΧһлǰǺӣ̻ͬը졣
ͣʱֲվּǺ̻ɢȥǰɢ¶峺ʪ۾ëС֡
Сһˡ
ǽվţǸ̸Ǿ˵Ǯ
ֲ
·ڽһѰ飬ղܣҲͦ֡
ֲĬϸϸһ£ղ˵Ǯţ20ͷֻ10飬һЩƱɢˣһʱ費
һӶ͵ϣһӶ㣬ȥˣ
ֲһ۶ӣԼһЩСӡ
ͷ

ЦȻЦʵüǱɽ紵ִ⴩͸Ʋ㡣ļֲļ򣺡ɰɣȥѧɡ
ֲ˵ʲôͻȻһŤѸʧ
ιιιˣǺЩû˵ɣһ
*
߰ɡ
ԭͣһϣ˦βͺԱߵһֻС΢΢Ц
ǺɫëƤСգգˮĴ۾ղżǸҪȥ̸ǾŮˡɻ󣺡ߣһҹˮ˼ʮǮ10ǮƺӾʹˣ
ժһƬɫҶӣڴϴϸϸڣԶһȺɫϲȵ
ǧĺ꾫ӦΪʲôô
С룬롣ร֪ˡǰ̫̫Ļױ߻ġ쿴ôңͻȻãڵһ
ǵ˵ͷͫҲںſ˵ʲôˣʲôȫ޻ǺǣΪҵƤô
ȭͷ
ҪźȫУʶΪҲ֪컹ȥҽȼΪҲ˽⡣ˡ͸ƺɣ´ңȥιĿɣ
ȷҪôŰҺҲˡ                        
лҪ˵ƴүҴҴҴʷҼװû
ߣ𰡣㿷أԳԿأʲô
ƴү죡

46

ȵϰʼ, ֲŵִңʦͷ, ĴӰͳһű̶, һ󼦵س
ƸǮʵܶ, ЩԻǴ´ġ
Һŵ˿, ׷ײĿһΪֲͷҼһ׾ݣس, Ҳ̫ϼǼҪǮġ״ԪŮʿԵ, ǵǾԱ緹, Ҳ
ֲͬѧͶ۵Ŀ, Ȼ⡣
ڿμ䣬ֲȥ, ӡ, ߡ˷û, ʵ컹ڳԸ, Ūļ
ֲ˼ؿô˵ʲôˣˣ
ӡ˵š˵˵
ֲ˵ʲô
ӡ橣ʳ͵ˣһ籧̸Ǿˣ϶ҽȼȥˣȼ˼
ֲۡ
Цѧ涺߲úѧŪǷǵıһһĺáֲӡ橵ļ򣺡ллΪұŶ, ΪҵˣǾˡ
ӡԥֲȻҲ֪ʲô£עⰲȫ
ֲĿӡߣøСȻǰӡ橲죬ܹӵεѣȻЩ鲻˵ȫǴӵѾ㹻
ֻǾ䡰עⰲȫüֲò˼϶򵥵ġעⰲȫһЩʲô
磬ֲҪȥԼǽǴҳԵĶ룬Լĸ͵һΣӦͣͣôܼɡ
˭뵽һȥִǿյġ
ŴЦһ
ֲȥµʳ·һ˳򵥺췢¶Ȼ̸ܶԼȥ̸Ǿֻ˵緹Ǳ͵
Ϻһһ飬ǰҲ۸ֲڡǴҪΪԼ
ֱֲףԵģ
룬ͻȻЦӴӴӴ˵Ҳʣȼô¶Ϊʲô͸Ǵĥɽܵسѧˣ˵ʲô
ֲףȼʦȼԼ˿ʲô
*
磬һμ䣬ֲܵȼĽˡ֣ܵޱȣһ˿
ƿ칫ҵӣʦѾŵĶ۵ףһüëô£첻˵Ҫټ
ֲ̾˿ҪˡѾˡŤŤļټ棬ʹ󷽷ˡԻǵ㣬Ҿܰ鴦ÿһЩȻ̫ˡ
ȼʲôҪʲô
ֲһ룬Ȼĵ˸⡣ʦڿʼǱƵļ棬ջҪƵҲȥǰſڻλΡ
ȼõġ
Ȼʲôֲ֪⣬ҿסôţǲԼܵʲôӰġ
ϰֲεȼſڣȻŵƻ𡣸ߴ˫Ƚ棬ؿκ󱳶飬ΪһĿķ羰
ֲ̲סЦǸջˮ֮ǰմý㱻ȫ崫ҥԼ˼ʱ˶
ȼעӵſڵĶôˣ
ֲ۾ӳ׵ƻСҲŹ⣺ʦ㣬Ժϴ˯Ϩơ
ȼ
ĵΪţ죬Ҫ׽|ˡ
ֲʲôû˵ɿˡ֪˵Լһмƻᱻҡ
ֲϰѧС
˶ǴˮᣬӺ߳ѧУڴ󲿷˵ֻ£ȥ̹᣻ȥСɽ¡
ôŮֲ⶯üͷ˽˵ֲǲҪҪȥ̹

ȻҪλʵСɽ¡
طϲˡģһ
û̸Ǿʹպ˯ˡ
ļƻŽȼǲʳκιϸǽʦʦͬʱļƻҪӪʱ޿̶ͽȼϸĴԣ̸ǾˣҲܺͬѧһ˯
ҪǼʵ˸ʣĽչǰһ㡣ȴ׮£ȥѧϰ
ֲСɽչ˫ۣƼԶ̹ӰӣȼѾȥˡζ벻ʱɽϻиˡ

⽥Ϯ
ݼ͸ɦ󱳡ȻǰӪǻҲѡһɽ£˸360͸PVC˵㿴ϵǡ
񡭡ͼװиPVCɡ
˯˯ţľĳ޿ײ뵽Ҽ죬¶Ҳǰȡȵ֪ʲôλã𽥵ӣ˯ﻹһ磬ӷǳίһ
Ҳʱģģů
ӱġС¯һԴԴԴϵؽů˹ֲֲŽ˽壬һΡ
˵ǣŮˡ
ߵǰԼֲɽطûиðҲʹվӡ
*
ߵȴ⾫ӵˡ

ȼǱһʲô¶ҲûзҪӿ̡
ǣһ磬ȥ˹¯úҸԼͿ˵ĺȦŷĴ¯ԼŪҡ
ȵ߽ңűһǵӣɰӡ橸Żˡ
ֲզˣȥ˯ˣ·Ҳû
ֲɣ˵ʹˣáӴ
ӡ橣
ߵλϣִӱͳζس࣬ҺһмȻֵöˡ
ȫͬѧ
γԱȵǣֲһ춼ȥҽȼ
ӳ緹Ϳʼſ˯ʦͻҵ˵ʦҶ¹ѧ̫ˣĲˣ˯ɡ
ЩʦҲ֪ļٵģ״Ԫѧϰ˼·ͱ˲һ˵ʲôʲôɡֻǰŮһ¶Ǳ첻˵ʲô¹ѧֲ̫ûлᣡ
||ȵ˲̫ݡ
ֲ治ݵڶˡ
ϰѾһ͵ľ˯ˣǲ̫Ը˯ˣֻ鱾ſſһ߿һ룺˰ɣԼúĳһϴս˰ٻغˡ
һλͬѧڲԶ߬ȭͷ
룺һԹŮ̫ΪΪˣ͵㲹͵㼦㻹ȼҲ߯չ˰ɣǽ̫ǮһȺ㿴Űɣ˯һȽ˯ˣ

ϰֲƴӺ߳ѧ¥ɽϣϤġҰ⽼Ρһοʼ
˯ߣһֱɽһĽ̹᷽ûãƼȼֻëĻνԼĶڶСݡ
ԭžɽϺһһ׸衣ֱϡ
һźڳβŮèյڶСݵĴ¡
ͣڝɽһ̹߳ĺ洵ĿڡһסڳŮ֡Ůû뵽һְʲô
£ŪԱŶˣʦ·Ƶ׷ʲô
׽|ģǽȼˣץҸʲô
ֲѾɽ£յŮǰϳǰϵ·һƽô˵Ů
ֲɴ۾Ҳ׽|ѽҹȥ˯ﵽʦߣҪһ𣿣
·ļֲɶ׽˳ң
Ľȼ籾Ҳ̫죬ҵ׺˭һȣ

47

ֲ·ӡ󲢲̡, ·ߵĻһǸôĹɫ, Ƥ, ָڴִԸ䲻, ɼ²
ֲô˵, Ϊʲô⵽ôŨĺ⡣
ֲ·ţƽͨĹ޳ˣͽȼһ, ץģ
ȼ⻰Цˣզ¶ֲץ, ץֲ
·ֲһͷ
·۹ʦԽԽ, ȥ, дʣֲͲ˯ˣ˸֤Ǳ̸Ǿˣ
ֲǺǣḻ㿴ұ̸Ǿģұʱô׽ǿ, 絽Žʦ, ϵͶͱ, ڽϴų׽|飡
ͷ԰, ֲ˵¶׽ַʦġԱ߼Ҳʾͬ
ʦֲ࣬˵ͷΨнȼ·ɫӣλ˭ַң
·±ˣûа취ֻż˵ࣺ
Ǳң˵Ķġȷʵû̸ǾʦһҵĽ
һϿ˯û, Ƿֽ¨ûмƷ
ԺúȺòȱٷûжļ
кֺģܲؽȼ¶ˣ˵ĻӴ򿪣
ȼϵı鼫侫ʣŶֲûԭôһʵϷ
ȻֲԽԽ֣
ǺǣȻ˵ҲһҪҶʮأ
һδƽһ𣬴Ҷˡ
ֲŻԼЩ춫͵ľӵһ緹ڶļֽ֪˭ҥͽʦ¶Ҳʾȷʵˡ
ĩˣֲܽһ죬Ҳ׷λС͵ͬѧһӣϾһģѴ˭֪ڶ죬ʮҲûˣҥɡ
ڿҽһ֥С¶֪ôôҸͼ͵İɡĿͶ·
ֲ̾˿ȻѽȼᣬôҲҼڲǱߡ
·û뵽ֲᵽ
ȷһĸ͵ģˣڶļҲ͵ģ᲻ӡԲ׻ļֿɰ㣬˶ϧǲ׼Ե
룬׽|ɹֲһ׼ᱻҲ˹¶˭뵽ֲĺö˶˵վԼǰ˵Ҫ׽Լ

ȥѽȼᣬȻûʲô⣬ǲݲݿ˿Ͷˡ
һУƵʮ˵Ǵ·İ﷢ֵġ
̵νȼӯӯ·λͬѧһ£
*
һ˴ŹǷ£·еУҽ͡
·طйţӣԭֲһڶԭֲ۸ĬĬšƾʲôֲܿ״ԪˣƾʲôҪˣƾʲôȼôã
ǣһȼʦһȻλ
߷߲ƽֲʲô˲ģ
УĬؿһŴֵ͵ҥǵ˲״Ԫгӣ¶ܹϢҪ沿ŵ
ͼֲеٲȻ޹ˣνʲô׽|飬ֻΪһϷ
ֻǱʦףΪһҪʦֲţʦѰˣҥͽȼĺӶܴˡ
æ˺ܾãֲںͳ˱
ĳ򣺡ʲô룿
лԼԼֲԲǰ۸㣬֮ǰɽҲ۸˲С˹
ֲĮȻҺǰһҲ״ԪȼҲûбǽұ۸Ľͻ֮ǰ۸ҵĽһʽ򡣡
ö۵ˣҴ˵һˣĻԺʲôҾʲô
ֲ۾һģ
ôֿµԤС
ֲӽһУһУ԰ԶӡʱίζӳרűЩı۸ͬѧ
á
̸껰ѻȥ˯ֲվԺ룬ʵڲԸȥ˯ͺͺĵ棬ɽ¡
۹ˣ·ˣֻƣ룬ֻ˯ǹ£һţŲݴӸԼ̵Ϥ
Զʲˮ
ȵ峿΢£ӣůѣƼԱߵĽȼпһ£޳ȱչӳһӰӣϴŲЦ
ˣ
ֲ۾ô
ȼǶڴ·Ҳû˹Ǳ쵽ȥˡ˺˵״Ԫĺܣ϶ǰѱס
ôҲԾ;˯ͷˡѧ죬㿴ɽºܾã߶߶һ䡮ʺ¶Ӫ
ֲǳЦĵȼ
۾̸Ǿȥˣ
ֲˣԣȻҪ
ȼȻ뿪̽´飬ңҪԼǰԲòš
ֲá
΢Ķǰ鷢£¶һ˫ۣУӽ쿪ʼ˯ҵĽ̹ᣬұĵطס
ֲôУû¶Ҫñ˵ʲô¶
ȼɫܰ˵ŵһ˽ôǰôŮųġҪ˯棬Ҫ˯ɽ¡ӦǺܲϰߣ˵ûôǱ
㰡ֲ
*
ֲԥ˺ܾáԥʱ򣬸оͷϵںԼһתԳ֣ҡҶӡ룬˯̹϶ϴֳе仹ԡңһ˯ǰ顣
Ǿܾˡ
һʦԼһŮѧѧϰ˭Ϊ˭һԼ˯̹ᣬͬѧ䡭
ǣֲʾ˵Ǹͬѧһ˯ȥҪæһױ졣ջؼµģٻ
ȼɫܰصͷ
ǷſҡͷҶֲҡˡ
̤ų⣬ֲȥѧ¥ﻹ˯ȼ¶ͻȻԼе
ɵģн̹Ĵ󴲣ȴַˡǵöͣలݡ˯֮󣬿϶ϺȰɣҹҲᱳʹɡƫҪ˯ɽ˯ңɶҲʹˣɾͿסˣ
ҾͲܶЭ𣿣ҾͲ·һ𣿣
Ӻ
һֻվڽѧ¥ȿмȣԱһֻС꣬һļһҳ£֤ͬѧԸӣɼˮƽ
С괭զ̲ôϸȥѧˣ
ǵͷû޶Ѿͷ̫ɵ̸ǾܸԼûˣ´ûˣɶˣҪ˯˵Ŀˣ

48

У԰ˡ
·У쿴һ¡
֪˭ȥ˵, ·Խȼͼı졣ҶЦˣⰫڴ׳ŮôܶУһ˧ȼдģ
, ˵·͵˼ֲļҸЦ, ״Ԫεȴ۸
״֮, У԰Զӡʽ, Уֲͬóӳ
ֲͳʾ˵ԱҲУ԰һ֡Ȼ·ɺ, ǳͷֹȵ, ôҲҪˡ
ʾǴȡ
ֲҴ, ּû˼, ʹˣҪЩ˷¶
һθܵɵĿ¡
źźҲ˵׮, ִԺԼ֪ͬ
״Ԫǰ̸Ǿ, Ȼȥ׽顣صλ, ǽһ, ǽһɣڣ״Ԫû̸Ǿ
֪ʲôȥˡҲ̫ˡ
źŵ⡣
СڼƵ˲, ˵һʼûźŵүүͻȻֲȥũ񡣿Һũ񣬶һǱƶũ𵴵ļ꣬һù
Ȼźŵδʱʱȥй䣬Ҳͬѧȥ˵״Ԫ¶Ȳشһʡ
ڿμȥҼֲ
źű룬ٸɾ͸Щ˹ģ˲ûȺе·˽ɫʶμ䱧ŸӣڼֲſڵȺһͶȥĿ⡣
ƺѧ˭
ʦ⣿
õʦ˿Σֲ߳ңվԡͬѧˣ
Ŷ״Ԫ⡣
ֲ֪⡣óСӣдһ仰˶Ǯ
ֲ
ùӣںд10顣
źţ
㣬ҹн㣬̽ôĳɲ
ֲ֮ǰΪ̸ǾҲ10Ǯڿźŵı飬ŷԭƸԼˡҲܿѽһȫУȥ̸Ǿ˳ǿɾ̫ˡ
˼ģһֻ֣źŵͷƬ̣ĵ
ҪһЩ
ȻеѣҪ2020˹Ҫʶһֻ
źűػȥˣ˵ôãܴӵһȫУ״Ԫ̸ܰǾ10ǮƾʲôԼɶɶأ
ֲͬѧҲˣǿǸ꼶ѧܹҼֲ⣬ֲһӾڱˣѧ㣿˲ð˲á
*
磬˲õ鷢ˡ
ֲſϿпαʱ˵תһλͬѧ˵ȥУҪѧļȫûвμӹѧԡ
Уܾλ˵ֿҲУзΧѧ֪ʶ㿼֡
Ȼ󡭡˷һþش﷨һͨǺ
У֣Ϊʱѵõ֪ʶ꣬úѧϰпΪ¡ӡʾ˵ͬѧѾøԼѧʦȥˡ
ֲüһ飬ܵȼİ칫ҡ
ȼһ춼æº֪飬ֲô˵ͬɻȻ֪ʶǰв٣˵֮ˡ˼ֲԽߣ˽ȼǮǰհ˼άģǻǣ˭
ֲ룬۾һɣһģһԽߡллأҪˣ
ȼüͷ壬ЦҾòһԽߡ
ֲƣ
˵͸Ͻҡͷˡ
ôܣСֻٲȻпǰԼˣײԼ˵
ɽϵʱôںеʱǮͳԵľܡһֻΰƵ׼ˡ
նܵġǰƣǸԽߣҪˣԴӵ״ԪͶˣҪPKˣҪҿչȨϷˣȼϿȥҸ㵽ѧϣΪ߿״Ԫĵһϰ
ȼֲ߳칫ңȼЦʧˡվڴڣŮӴ粽ԶȥͶµӰӣ챻紵ģҡ
ֲû߼ȾԶ֣ǴԼϴХ
жϣǷʲô¡
ۡ
ȥ˸һһˣ
ԶԶԣһһҪȥһһ
˵ѧϰֺãҲʦϡ
ܲϡǰ࣬ҲǱɣ
ʲôʲôԽ߻ܿ
ֲȼ۶־棺PKʿѧҲᣬһӢ㳤ÿҲòǿ˭ǿ
ŵ̤ţʦԱߵѧתͷˡ
*
ɫ峺ɾһۡ
ƽӳյ⣬ͬ͵ĶӰӣ߸ͦıһĹߣŤͷιӾ
֪·ģҲԼͽ㡢һߴ粻ϵˡ
ŵɫȷĵСɫɫͿɫ㣬ݵճһ˫ɢվš
ƼϾһ¶һһ档
ںûüϸ
ӡ񡭡еɣ
ֲ΢Цһ¡
ȻֻƼһۣŤͷȥˣװûʲôϡġ
ֲ
أ߻صλϣʦҽѧУĸ߲Ըӡл桭ϣҶѧϰ滥ơ
ֲͬѧʾֺϤǸӸӹģСѧһ꼶ø°ͺղش1+1=2
Ǹ˵ģˣһСѣһͬ˰
ӦǸҵܵܣϲԼ֣ҵ֡
ͬѧǷ׷λϻȻܵܿи԰ңǻƼ˲űܵ˲ð˲á
ͬѧϽУˣҵǸô̫ˡһҪʳ㶫պպ󱧴Ȱ
ϤļֲֻλϷŵĻҲƭƭĴͬѧ
˿Σֲһ̳嵽Աߡָߵߵ棺߰¶ȥ˵
ȫͬѧŷ״Ԫԭʶġ
ǻ濪ھʣλ
ȫͬѧַԭǲʶ״Ԫġ
ֲüͷ߰㽲
ΪɽǸҲһڸҪעǮ״ϴθʮԪһȥֵƵ·ǿϹ۵ı
ǻȻһĮӣ˵ܺʲôأʱæҪѧϰġ˶ܺ㣬ͼСһ˽̡
ſһָ㲻ǸҽʦʱͿȥǶ
ֲ

49

ֲҭ˸, ޲ñָͷ
һ䵭Ŀ, ǧ֮ĵѹ, ķơ
ˡ
룬շ
ֲصλ, ⱼӿžɫĭĺ, ֹס̾
߹ڶߵʶС棬, 浽զ¶
ֲһ
ǵģ˿ܲô˽, ǳֺϤ
һѧѧۼ֤һֻȸԡ
֪ǰż·
, С桰ʧ١, ѧУæһȥ˸, ӱʾ˵, û˵, ҲδκļϿ۹¡
֪С, ټϼֲţ㲻ôȵ¶ⶼ꣬Ȼðһ桱
ֲ켸ҽһ׻
̬ȿȥ̫
ֲ۾΢΢Сӣһ˿⡣ĵĺèŶ
һ˲䱻ı黣ü
, ˣҲûʲôϸѧôڰֵõĺõģҲˡ
ֲĳļ򣺡ܺã£һ죬ý͡
С𡭡
ֲָָԶĺ󱳣ģ㳯Ҫʲôȶܸ㵽
Ϊʲôȥô¡
ԶǸԭóӷжСĸO@죬һһǵˮ©뵽ĶСǶ˶Ťͷ嵭Ŀơ
ֲһͷ˲¿顣
Ҳ߶ţôءѲɻһҶô
˳֮⣬κ˶ԻıȤ
˵ϵκһ㣬ǸȤԶԶѹס
ѧõʦ̣Ƚ̿鶼տϿλشöƳòŲۡ
ֲͬѧѺá
μŮųɳӣһţȫȻûЩŮеĸûϵĲֽء
׳Ŷֲ̫Ѩ
Ͱɣҿʲôʱ򣡡
*
һʲô¶ûзڼֲ˵˾͸ûһ
ĺĥͺˡ
ֱϰʱȫ˶ȼſڣƽ˾类ơ
ȼɢɨɨתһȦƼλ棬ɫδƿϰʦ˵һͰѻ˳
ȫͬѧСֹдҵȫУ˧վȣʲôӼ˳
˶ڹֲֻͣʣš
ֲ֪ƶԽȼٺϴԼ䣬ϣѾˣأֲֿƵƵȼ칫ңŻ
ǽȼҲǺǵġǰﴥŭû׼žžž
ƺ˵ʲô̫ԵģֲͻȻֽȼıǳϾʹֻͬѧǵֹ
ȼ˲ȱ
ƨ˴ġ
ѽ۲ܿòҪں
һ̵Σһѧϰܰĸںˣ
Ⱥѧǹ۲ûٹӾҪ𣿣
ֲʦ˵Ҫȥſڡ
ԭִһ£ǳĬ
ֲվڰͬѧǣСʣأ
ˣû
ֲȼ֣߬˸ȭͷֹȥצСָ׶ðˡ
иû
ָָƾۼٳķɳʯԶĺʣԻ˵иû
ˣ
ȼƽ͵ȰҲ֪ղΪʲôǰͦгġϣԺһֱгȥ
ʦ㲻ҪΪѻ档ȻǸҲǸǵõģСѧʱûʲô¡ǿԽѧϰѧĻ֪ʶ
ȼ˵ͷɫȻܲֲ룬û취ֻܶȰȰˡ
棬˵ƣ֪޿ɹҲҪΪѽȼ˷ˡĵһ龫ģһѡǰѧʲôҲġϣȼ
˵ıһѿ
ȭͷͼָ׶ȥˡ
ƻȥˣɳʯҲûˣҲϢˡ
ֲûôɹһһצǺգˣԺǶǺѡ˵ȾҪؽˡ
*
ԭֲΪھܸ֮õ㡣
û뵽ˡ
Ҫ˵ȼԼͻŤһʣµϰᶶܰǰԵ龫Ƶġ
ȵ¿Σȼæ赽ıֲֹһ䡰ĸȱ۶Ļ20Ǳ족ɫ͸ˡ
ֲǳ˼Ⱥס棬㵽ô˯ͷҲŤˡ
Ҳ㲻ˡ
룬ôģһϾܵèɽôַӲͻɽ˯Ƥ𣿣
ǣԼܣÿڽͬѧ˯̣ͨ߶Ŀӵʲôʱܽ
תۼ嵽ˣһڵʱڽְѵĳͣУſڣæɽѧͻȥ
ֲĵغͬѧ˵ݰݣųһϳȥתͷ֡
ͬѧˣ棬ҲڸҪҪһ
ֲ룬ȻáǻһСʱŵңλӾܵ
֪ô˽ͣȴ˿ڣðҺһ
˳ڼֲߣȻһԲġӰͳһѧһҳһҳط
ֲƣûɣڳϿγ
Ʋ
˰ˣ룬Ҳǧǲγ
ôˣÿ԰֮ǰĽ
˵
ϴǸʲôҲʵû취
֪ģҴûСʲôѽû
СҲ֪ȼķôιȥôá
齲ҲȷƵܲסףϾԼҪԼˡ
ʵû˵ȻŪ˵ҰˡĻ
ֲ鱾İɫԽԽѿտʼãžվˣһֵλϣҧ˵˾䣺ʦܲܰæͣ³γˡ
ֲ
˵˲ڳϿ顣
ֲŰ˳ͦģһСֻƣȣϴһڴǰԭô죿ǳֵϣһֻǻǺԵġ
ƿĿİͰ͵ضԳ˵˾䣺ͦܵģҵö໺Ȼȥɣҡбİ취ȥ
˿û⣬ֱӾͰ
Ÿȥ޻ĿˡֲһֱԱ߹У㻹ҪҪˮҪҪɴ³һ㣿
˭ϻһѹסһڸŻվԼֲӴ㻹ˡûʲôɣûŪҰɣ
ֲ
Ʊ䵭ɫˣҪؼҡߣԼߣ
ֲ
ⲻôֻܸһߣͽ߻ȥɾͰҹˡ
濴ı飬һֻԼҪҪһߡҸ㣬Һܲص㶨λ̫׼ȷûطѡյҼƤ󿻡㰮Ļˡ
ֲ                        
лҪ˵棺ôǺʷϱ㲻ҪܾЩ¶Ű
ֲ½аְ֡
棺ȷҰְǧ
ֲС֡֡
*
12㻹һ

50

ĵɳǧХ
ֲһ, 룬ӰƱǰ, ǲǴľˣ
򵥰, 治Сֻ
ǣ˭˭ֲɳǧ, ǵ, һߣԼסֻƽ֡
߰ߡ
һֻü, ֲּĶԼԤϵġӦԼһ
΢£⴦
, ˡ
ֲĶ⼸ܵγѪㆪ¡
ָһ, ֲܿܵǰٶȡϹķ, ĻҹӰֻ˱, ȴ֪ײʲôеĵϡ
ֹͣ, ش˸, ǼᵽµĿϼⲻ, ݱڰĶѨΧʯâ׺ԻöѨ
Ƥءֲ̧ۣԼ֮ǰȥǸѨ
ԱЦϴںҪ̸ǾһЦ̣Цϸ飬̲ס, 򶼸Ŷ
ˡöŹƻɳơϾڲ15
ֲ
˫ȷļֲǰߡ
ӣƺöˣ벻֮ǰǧ֮ˡֲﰲһЩ
żֲԼĶѨǰûطʵܴ󣬰ģֻʮ֮һĲ֡
ֲǣߣؿһι״СѨƽ˵еõģеõġ
գڻһӶˮٲˮڵײγһ̶ˮԼһСĶѨ
ƵҵĿռ䡣Я
ֲסˣռ䣿пռ䣿
ͷһֱиռ䣬Ȼôǧʲôϲź̡˹·̾Ѿ۵ˣҲڰ¹ɣռԭδҲܽҵĿռˡ
ֲǳݣǰǾðͦģû뵽ԭиռ䡣
ǸжǾ䡰δҲܽҵĿռ䡱ǷǰӣҪԼԼ˰
ߵˮǰˮԶͣ£¶ɸɾſڡƸҪקȥͻȻſŤŤģһǺͯдµĶȤ
üͷһ壺ˣʲô
ֲȻú˼
ˣҪġ
ȤһֶɽأɽáӴкأҰֲ
۹ֲЦһĻקѨ
أõѪģֻˡ
¶ˣ
ʱȼԼǲԲԡμǡĶͷԼһԭ־Ǵ¶ڶǣ߳ŭдһԼԵÿǹˣ
ֲЦ˽˶Ѩ󰢻Ƶ֣ˣ֪ǻСдЩҲ
ѱȥָȥλε߹
㽶âɽëҬӡһССССա
ѨٲȻһũֵľޱȺгڽﲻиϣֲõķʡ
濴һ΢Цƫͷʣǲǻԣ
лԣֲ૵
ƣ̫
Ȼ˾䣺֮ǰҵǮģÿռĶ𣿡
ͷϴҰ100èɽ10飬ǲˣ
ֲ۵ЦðƸԼһ㲻ʵġǲҲҪ»һȥаɣʶѣǿԸǲǮʡ
*
ȥʱֲ˵Ҫɽˣ˵ˣȥɡ
ǼֲŰƹƻһֻСУСգˮ۾յͬѧС£ȥⰢƾָ⻯ָף˲䡰žžŪһһ廨ͷo
ֲûӦò֪Ūãˡ
Ȼ̫Ѫ̫ˡ
ֲ͵һɽ³ĳǡ
ֲģŴ죺ҵôɽģߵһ죿ģ
ֲóŵһ㣬ŵ졣֮һְһЩֳãס졣
߹һܲСԺƹһܲĿÿᲱؽСԺ
˹Ǽܱܵϥҡȥ
ųǺԲ
ȥϰһֱŴŮŮȥѧԭֵļұù䣬һֱܡ
룬ǰһֱľľģسѧУ۸˿ô죿
ǣϺϹһ˵ͼֲģ϶һڵ緹ƭû̸Ǿò
ӯӯģںö˶˵ػˣ
ˡԲһûԺðɡ
ֲҲûǳԼˡ廨ó裬廨⣿ͬѧġ
Բ룡Ůôͬѧ
廨͹̡ɫȥȣȳȥò񻰡ܼܵһһسԸûꡣ
һ˵强ŵ¶Բѧϰȳ˷Բ˵ҿһûԣɶʱܳأڻܲЩԳԿ
ﶪȥһСⱬһһƵڿǻ赸طû֮ǰôˡҲʱһҪ
һֱڶȥͷ
֮ǰʳһǸѡ񣬽󡢺óԡͷš
뵽ֲȥ˳ĸ¶˳Ҫ̸Ǿߡ
Բżֲ𽲳һܵľ۾ɵԽ
ʲô㷽զû˵̸Ǿûˣ
ʲô10飿
ʲô㻹
ֲһͷ
Բͬ⡣ôùŮðأ
ҲʰˣŹŮݣߵǰ
ŮӲ֪ɶúõѧϣȥ
ֲϽһúѧģֻżȥѰæ
¿˿ŮԲ̬Ȳ֪ͬŮĵкܶ͸ܣҺܴ
ֻǡôСôۣɶ¶ûȥУ
˿ȣۼҲȱǮ
ֲرȻȱȻȱ˽䣬ԺҲϱЩǲСĿ֧
û뵽㵽üͷ˵ǼҴ汲ڶƶũ˭û̵ĻУ
ֲ˭˵ûˣУۼˣ
Բ˵ɶ

51

ֲһʱ˵, Ͻ뷽跨ѻԲ
˵Ȼܸı䣬ҲкĻͻһ˵Ϊͻˡ, ֮ǰѧϰô, ôֵ״Ԫ
Ȼףǵͷ
⡭ʲôͻ, ͶҲΣ, һ£Ƕ
ֲĸ׵ļ򣺡ְ, ֪ͶѲⲻ漰⡣ͬʱ, δ, һʧʷĺСҶܶҵ, ıʾԴͨͼֵʲôϵأ
ڼ˵Ŀɿڴ, Լǰġۡξѧ˰ԭҵϢͨۡ, ǶǸ̵ΪŮ̳мҵ, ڸоͶġ
һʲôҵıʡʲôҵСбͷ, 󣬼ֲ֤һΣա
Ҳɵһץˣҷ¶ܡɽڣûհдô, ϶дڵŵҿ϶ҵʱ䣬õģ
ŮȰˣͷŮɡҲûĶҲ廨ɣ֡
ֲڿż˯룬ôûбĶأ
ȫƴҵǰŮ
ǻҵʹССɽˡ
*
һѧУֲ˵ȥ˺С
ƲǶһ֪һһСǮֻǰٲҪ죬Ķúʹһˡ
һһǴʽǮҪǰѧϰ顣ֲϴ̡
ϴ춹û㲻λͬѧŮͬѧüͷѧĲú飬ôĥ¶أ
ֲϸ˵鶼ͦģֻͷʵ׾ݡλȫǰʮָָԼҲࡣ
»ͷ鷳˵˻϶ǵһ
ϴЦö챻ˣǰʮôϴδ̸Ǿ10Ǯûɣ
ֲˡ
ϴ磺ĸɵģ
ֲͻĬ
ϴǸˣϵΣֲܿΪ˼ۣ˵ͷţÿֻһСͳɣҪֱΪţҲܱⲻҪ鷳Ͼ˶ӵġ
ֲĵãԺźҲϲĵҵʺϡ
ֵϴƵƷۡһ򿪣ϴ۾ɵˣɶ
Ʋ㶵ǵģԲԲģӲӲģȥ룬ԳһСƷɣȻдˣ
ֲﰢƽͣһĲۣԭأӡȡ
ϴ˴ĴָУϡ
һһǵĵһʽţʵڲ١
ϴָӣûи۶̫߼۸ʵĹ˿ͷûȹȥһͷһŲ۶ˡ
ͬʱǻõܶ˿͵Ԥ󣺹˿ͰѵַǣҪ´вˣһҪȥһЩ
ֲŵַЩɰƸˡƻһСʽӰֻҪôһãô־ᶨֶ᳼߹
С˵棬ǸܱܲãڲɱСʱ򡣡
͵͵ЦҽûáɵģǸֹɱСʱãʱãϡ
ֲһ˵ʲô׾Ǳһѻ˸͸ƻѧУ·϶ߵͬͬŵġ

ۺ廨ڽһܵõȺںһ˲伸سǽ֪
һ죬ֲ·ʦİ칫ңŵ۵ζŶʦҫ˵Լǧģ˵һԶ̷ſ֣ǳأ궫ߣ͸ҪѧȥƵġ
ʦǹЦôѧᵨȥ
ܻ񫡣˳һܣ˹Ȼû֣ǽҵԽԽ󣬳ΪؼĴڣÿܶ»
ֲˮ̡
棺ϼ
ֲ׻
棺ᡣ

ֲ㴻ѿ
棺ȸ档
ϴźţ״ĸõô߰Ķû
*
ֲʱҲ㱣ǴԽıģΪʲôΪСأ
δ֪ʶĻûϲ㽨ֻӮʱĺøУԺӵõȨߵ֧֡
ҪһѧϰһǮԼʱ
ڣٶ۵ѧҲֻͼֲĹϵһ㡣
һЯֳѧУһ緹緹Ҳ֣㽶âȳèʺȣԽԽ࣬۵Ĺâ·Ҳ¿
ͬѧίԱӡ橣żֲ˺ܶŮ㲻ϵձǹеĹ¡
ΰ೤桰СӶӳҲŸ̸ûעⲻҪ̫ӰɵҪƲ
ڼֲ˶ʮԼǹеκ΢΢Զһ㡣
˵ֻ΢һ㣬żҲŮЦЦأҲͱ˵˵㿴ֻһɡ
Ȼλֲˡ
Ѽֲռǽ˵ʲôûɣҲûаôɣΪҾͲͱŮЦһЦǧΪҲȱŮֻҪһ촽ɽĺ꾫ܱ
ֲɪɪͻȻһϮµСϽ߬ŰƵ˵㵱û˵ү
ƿģסЦˡһԴϵһֻͷҶ֪ʲôô̰ġɽдⲻóԣֿ֪ÿο÷ǳ߳ܡ
ֲ룬ˣǲġֻⱲ˸ϧ飬»ѽ

пǰϦֲڶһͻϵ±
˶ڿռͬѧ̸һ𣿾ܺúѧϰǵǮ
նػӦ϶һˣѧϰɼ϶ϲȥɣ
ѧϰĻнȼ֪˼ֲʱû⡣￴˴±¶Թˡ
һһǽн칫ҡٲȻ׽ȼҪ˵ʲôӿռͳһèɽΪֺãֲҲóһ廨
ȼɢϢĬú󣬲ŵǳ춼æЩ߿624죬׼𣿡
ǺԸĿ겻Ǻúøϰ״Ԫ
ƫͷ룺õĽʦˣһλһ״Ԫһλ״Ԫ󡣡
ȼȳ
ôŵĻɺú׼ɡҾðڵҡˣҲҪμӿԡ
ͫٿûϵ㣬ǲܿˣ
ȼ
ֲ
۹ЦЦĽȼģһżֲúѧϰġһֱںúѧϰ

52

һ, ֲǿһ⡣
ǸĵûָָҲ, ֻǽͬѧָָҲ, Լֲѧҵġ
ȼ⣬ȻǧΣ, ʼȼֲѧϰˡ
ÿֲҵ, ʱҲҪһֱһֱԹʽпԣ˾㶼˵һ, Ҳɡ
氵ȼˣҵ֤ݡ
һ, ֲ, ϤĴ̲ͨ, ҵ컨ͬѧĥλʧˡ
վһ, Ƽһ޵̺鷿, ˷ĲżܱĲסŲĵ, ֻǰһԼһ׵ĺľ, ƻҡҷһɾĵȷ·ͷдʲô
µĿռ䣿ֲʵ
ƷˣԴ鱾̧͵ͳ续üĿüֲȻĶţ
ֲ, ǰգôãȴˡ
ǰһպÿһŻӻζÿ굽ӣѶյ߿ſ壬Ҳȥһưɻһͧʲôġ̹˵Ѿʶָ
ǣĸܱȵһǧĿռأ
û۾ﷺỨͻȻ˹֣ѲżϳĲƿ䵽ϣ¶ѵ鼮;ӡ
ߵֲǣ֣ʾ
Ҵȫظ㵽ĲοϡǸǹǹ㶫ģĴǹǺġиڿѧ;ӡ
ֲƣҪ
۾΢΢һУǱҲȥˣϲŴСѧľӶǲûõ֪ľӺͿαûвοֵԲͨѾ˷ȥˡ
ֲƣҪ
ʶеľ֣еֲΪá
ֲҲҺã
ܽҸ15ӽ쿪ʼú顣һҵϵ¶𽥽ǧĺ꣬һġ
ֲռ䣬15ûûбֻһӱ2020Ĳοϡ
*
ȼʶһһǵı仯
μ䣬ֲԼ費Ҫϵĸн̸Ȼܾ
úԼ϶Ȳ棬ϱȲֲʱޣֻЩĿα͸ˣҲ͹ˡ
ڴͬʱбҪæ
Ҫ˼ֲ֮һԽ˭Ȼ͸´ӳ˵1977ָ߿ô1975꣬ӦûжӦڼҿʼչϰôǧѷĻᣬ˭Ը
һڼգӣС̸¶˳˾˭ںúöˣҶʾ죬Ҹû˶飬ɶӺöģ
Ҳͳ´ӳ˴ξƣѴӳ˸Ȼֲ˵һʵ1977¶ͻ˲ѣָ֣۾˵̸
ǣֲһԽҪôǸϹû飬ҪôǸͼһȫȻʱıˡ
ֲʱЦˣ崩ԽҪǼ崩ԽŲϱ֣ϰࡣ
ȼȥæڶ£Ϊ߿״Ԫ׼߼ֲѧһҪȥģôҪȥ۶˴ڻأλе칫ң˵ԺȥҽѧµĲѧ
ֲֽкãû뵽ȼôԶ
ԸָҰﱾ˽˵ܹΪֹʷȫҰζͬʱѧҽҪǿѧ츳ֱΪġ
ڽȼרҵ»ͷȫȻûʶֲԼӯ
ĳɹôδSARSǺñ״ڴʱûѡȥˣΣƳ硣ͬʱֲȼƶӦķߣҰζгž󻼡
˶2003ꡢ2020꣬Լδĺܶ꣬򽫻ӵиõĴ졣
Ҷժȥ֣ڽű˴ֿǿԳ컶Цں¿˲ĵԭȥ˲ҪҽǽҽǣûһλҪΪʿ
Ȼһ˿ʣʱҪһѧԺҪȥġƾʲôҲܴ
ֲ˳˳ĺ󱳣㿴ˬˣǱʶĵһʱҪô죿
ƣ
ֲ㿴˵ͦ2020ˣ2000ͦȥ
*
ʱ׾Թ϶
һȥӽȵĸ߶п״ԪĻͬѧɼֻµ뵽׵ĶҲڿʼ˶񲹹εĽࡣ
Щ˾Ƿˡ
нǾѧٺãҲ޷Ǹûؼֵصֵأ·ȥϰľȥϰ࣬Щ֪ʶѧɶã
׵ľϡ
߶֮ʱֲûа֣ڼ￴飬ˡ
ѾͷƬӣһôûУ⿴Щ飬ɶãﻹֵ
ֲ۾̣Ҽûֵ
϶ҪΪ˱ʡغҵ˺÷̵ĸǵĶ¿
̿죬бҵҪʲôҪ
ֲҪޡˣǣӣСǣġڸ߿ô죬õȵȡ̣Ҳóʺ
ģŮǷˣ߿껹飡˭ô޲վڷϳȫ˺Ůǲ
ڼֵȣ軹ȥ֪϶ڼֲˡǰͷ͹ˮģ֣ѣߵ߶˹裬ɶĴ㣬һһһһ˵úѧϰҲûɶɶֲһװ
ֲ
ô֪ʲôƵģ
һ֮1977ø졣ʱĻͼֲȻ࣬ڰĴСŵһڶеһĬŵȼȫУ֪ࡣ
ȣǻʣﴫҲˣΪ̸ʶ䡣
ͩҶУ԰ϸҶڽ£ȳ֨֨졣Уһʮµ峿ٿᣬǸϢ
19771021ţĹ˻ָ߿Ϣȵĸ߿һºȫΧڽУ
ѧǼ֣ĿͶһļˣ
ڻ˵Ҫһµʱ׼߿
⼸˵Ѿʱ׼ˡ
߶ţߣʵǸꣿ

53

߿ǰ, żֲ˴Ŵŵ⡣
˵ʮˣҲڷ, С̫, ѧѧֺǰһô죿ԡ
ֲɨԼزһ, һ
ڿڳˡЩɹŵĲݺͳɽȪˮС, ðϺ̫ɽС׽ˮδ㡣ǶڿռڰΪֲרſٵֳ
ֲϱӳԹζ, ⱲӳԵЩ⣬ҲȻտСȵʱ, Ʈռ, ˿絽ϰʱ, Ŷûغã͸һ˿ζ, ŪȫͬѧŲζԴ
Ҳա
ֲġȼһ龫, ˮ, ˿˿Ϣ, ֲܾԱλǸޣÿἰһ񡭡ˣ޳ɶǡ
ڣ߿һ쵽ˡ
ͺԲ˳سǸֲ, һѧУſӵֲǸж˵ŰѽҲ
תۣͿȥ˽ȼֹ˵ЩʲôȼƵƵͷļļ
ԭϰˣⳡҲûʲôģֲЩǣʲôŴʱŽȼͰʣҪֽǮ𣿡
ȼͰƣ
ֲٵ˵űشƷҪֽǮֻ֤ԿֽǮ
ȼеŲʱĶ
üͷֲȻ֣ܵѧ¥תǣûע⣬ͷӡһǡˣӡǣ㲻ˡ
Ҫǲ̫ᣬ;ȥռһ´𰸡˵
òãֲЦҾӦöᡣ
ҡںƧݱʼ顣
1977죬ĳ֮󣬸߿ƽյһڣ˿յлȥ
ֲһֱȺȵش⡣ƶ޲ð޵ԾˣѾܵһزȼԼϳоͿʼҲӦ·ľӡǲҪռġ
дӣǰְ߳Ѿ档
ֲʰĵ¶һ졷дһ찡
˵ɽƼһ졣Ǹ졣졣
ֲھд
ƶţЦģдҽܽĵһ졣
*
ѺɽźŲǿҲûɶá˷Űһ죬ֲҶ׳ɼ
ԲûϳͬѧŶ϶Ǹͬѧֲֻᴦ㣬ڳžæ˰죬󶪵ˮһͨ
Ժſڳ̣žžવģֱܵš
һһǽȥ
ֲŻСѽϣʹɣѽҲƶɸı2020ɴɣ˭Ұζ˭ΪҲǸ⣡
ҲС˵㵭㣬죡㲻ɣ趼أ
˴죬Ҳûǹгɽ㾾ס˸ˣվݶϰ
߿ɼ״ԪǴ塪ҵļӡ
һ˻ȸԾ
ݶϼǡҲвõϢʡ״ԪǴġ
һ񣬼ֲҲһ¡
ݶϺʡ״ԪӵġһлʲôΡ
ֲŻļ֣һ˼ȸԾ
Ƕĥɽ֪ݶϴġ㲥ȼˡʡ߷֡
žı쳹ӣ´ӳϲüңӳҲȫе
ֲȥͻͷβ˶ҵϲˣ˼͸ʱ㱨ĸѧУ
еӼﳶ˰ֽ˵״ԪµּԺֵǮˣüֲ֣µʲôġ
ֲ룬ڲݸֽ¼֣ܳҰζ֣صҴҪĿˡ
ŰֽǸϺĸȻĪȻ״ԪĻ϶еп״ԪҾûٳҰζˣԺҲһԣ
1977ĸ߿
ǻΪֹΨһһڶеĸ߿570οڵһΰ֡ǣںֻ27.3˱¼ȡ¼ȡֻв5%󲿷ֿΪ׼㣬Ͼָ߿ʽ߿ֻһµʱ䡣
ֲ桢ȼΪ㹻׼Ⱥյ˴ྩѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ǼԶȥ뿪ССɽ뿪ССʡǣȥʶˡ
*
ǰʱ䵹صɼĵ
ȼֲңƼ棬ʾһľƣͶʲô˼ˡ
ȼѾˣ´ӳֻԼϱųȥѼұϲˣסһܻ
һ˳´ӳԺ´ӳһţһ˽˽߲ȥ
ֲЦ´ӳлҵİҴ״ԪȾ
´ӳϲصͷ

´ӳԭǾߵģҰѿܺáǰȼͼǲɹڹؼϱ
ǱŲŪ´ӳĲݵ̬ġ
ȼͻ渺ƣֲ껹нһ꣬ѿȫƼвˡ
һһ˶ǣ׻Ҳ˵˲٣´ӳһֱ˵ɽġ˴ҲһҪǵüĺá
Ҳһֱͷ̾˵ǿ˳´ӳķְơ
ޱȺгڡ
ȼֲֳ´ӳеΣʼͷøһʾʼݻˡ
գˮ۾´ӳҸ˵¶ӿòҲòǹ鹦㡭֮ǰ1977ָ߿
´ӳ΢һЩžõͷԼ䡣ֲСѧαˣһֱϲŮӣͰϢ͸¶ȴû뵽˵档
ֲָһø㣬ȼò濼Ҳǹ鹦1977ָ߿
´ӳ
룺ʲôҲΪңӵʱȻôˣ߱ˣұҲô棿
ȼסֲ񣬸´ӳƣҲ˵״Ԫʡ״Ԫ״ԪΪ´ӳһ仰͸ǣ¶˭İɣ
һ붢ų´ӳ
´ӳɫͻȻúܺܺ죬˿ǰˣ١Ѫţ̫ʲôˡ
˵ǡǡ
ֲż˭˵´ӳɱ˵һͲ˵ˡ
Ҳżߦȴ򲻳һƨҪҪ¡ƻ󡯣
ֲƻҲãͣһ£
´ӳ۾ԽԽֱ尡壡
˵仰´ӳԵϣҲû

54

´ӳ˵Ե, ȫĬӡ
Ӻ
ȼֲզ¶
棺Ҳ֪ȶ˻Һȶˡ
ֲҶҺȶˡ
룬Ȼ峤úСһëһ, ǳ˰֮ȫ˺
ǰѰ𣿣
ԭ仹ڵļ, Ըû췢ת𣿣
ңڼϷһ׮׮, δԻͽȼҲ˿ɵϣ
ʱѾҹ, Ƶݽ磬˳嵽ֲ̼ҡ
֣˯᣻˯, Ƿǽ˼Ĵ, ¾ͰֻһСļë˳
צһ, ָӸһ硣
ֲݺݵأ״Ԫ, š
һͷҵļڴϣ˺һҲôŮɪɪ, Ǹ, ҹ, û·
ֲװʲôװ, ȫôˣ󵰱ҵ󣡣
壺
ȼͻ滥࿴˿˴ˣ2020
ֲǲ֪ǴԽģզݵôǵԸȫһĺ𣡡
壺֪֪Ҿԭͦõģֻһ׳棡ҲŬ
ֲ㻹۸ң͵ݣ֣۸㻹ߣ
壺ǲΪ˴̼, ȼ壬ʹ𣡲ȻһֱôʵδܸıҪ澳дﵽ׶Գɳ
ֲ澳гɳѸ߿Ϣ߳´ӳԼΪɶúѧϰ
壺ұȴģҲ˵׳Ҳѧϰ´ӳǸˣӦҲͰ¶ˣ
ֲͷ϶ǶʧˣԲŰҸɹˣ
ȼͻλһһи龭
ԭǼֲ2020ķСȾñ״ȥͰɵ1974͵˯ɽϹˤļϡԼµԼʹǸıǳҰζ£ȴֻ׳档ǰѧˣҲ䵴ˣⱲӾðԭķʽȥҲͦá߿ʲôģӳȥɡ
磺ôô
ѼֲҲŪˣǸŮĿſ׵㣬üֲҲһɡ
һʼҲûƳֲǴԽġȹʱԭֲľľģֻѡǼֲһ죬Ų˻ɡ
ֱֲĥɽ֪˵Žˣֲȷǰʶλ
ȫֳΪֻάԭһ׳棡ֲȥ־ܼ飬һһԿˣǿɶ鷳ѽ
ԼǾǰɣ绹ҪıģֲǧһԼǣ뷨跨ļȥͼַʽ̼
ֲǰԽС˵֡Խֻ֮ǷϱԭĹ£һûʱͽȼ뷨һǺݺݵ޵֪Լ׳뷨Ǵشģ
*
ǴҶˣǸϲһκӰ졣ҸʵʲôĿ꣬Լʲô漣ǿԼ׳ϱȥ־ùܣ򵥵һɡ
ֻǼֲʱ㱣ǰҲͦƴģôϲ׳أ
ŵôҲС壬ķСֻҪԼԽ¶߱ˣǻúôġ
ͷ
Ƴļտʼ֮ʱҲǽȼ밢Ƶʧ֮ա
ȼһյ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ʹĥɽ֪뿪ˡغܶ˲֪İְ־ȻггŶӿ˴֮Ѿʼýȼδʦһ棬Ҫæ
һæãõ;ȼ˷ţֲ㶼ԼһѧУȥˡ
ͷȼ˵˳㿴˼˵ǰ󷽶ˣܶһˣ㣬Ժ￼Ϊְ
ֲοĽ·˳
ڻ桭һ磬ҴҸֲڶ˸ʧˡ
˵Ҫѧļ׼ȥˣ˵ǲ޴ˡ룬Щ͵ǹµļ϶첻У쵼ķۣҪ뷨跨ؽЩ¡ǱȽϷġ
ƺȫĶϣæ絽ڶҲڶҹˡ
ֲƼɽſڳïܻĲݣѨߵǶѨտֻԼϢķʯ͵ºӴžһ
̧һ̧֣򿪿ռ䣬ͽȥˡ
ÿټȡ1977ףֲһϡüͥĽűڣѿֵ͵ңȫ˵ļʡ
19782£ҪѧˣȫæΪֲ׼
˵۶ǷǳңԶڣһӶȥһεĵطӺͳȥˣȫ漣漣˵ԲڱӣûпȥĴѧ
´ӳ״ԪҹԼȾƵ¶һμֲҡ̾ƣһֲͳҪúദǴСͬѧڵ۶ҲһҪӦ
ֵŵëȻģżֲ˵ҸɵǿɱҴˡ
ó´ӳݺ˳
*
תۣѧҪˡ
ֲ粻ƣȼ㶨ǵĽͨһģʦǰһɽϦʡ۶úͣѴſڡȫĽлͣÿǶѧõףԸ
Сʱĳ֮ڵִ۶״߳ɽôңԶĵطֹסظп۶ǿްŶ£·̵࣡
ֲ˾Լ20ǰ磬ĵġδ۶ӷ
֪Լµλû˸¥Ҳ֪Զ֪ݳƷ̳ǣÿÿۼ֮ͣС³⡣
ǿ·Ǵʽһ·гɫҴҡ
ȼų·߽ӦǵʱƼһһˡ
⴩°Ьӣ̸ǾȥҲµģ۾ڸǲסԴеĿĽȼȻῪҿôõĳȵҪˡ
δļֲɫƽؿΧͷ·ﲻٴһ㡣ȥһ黨£ЬҲǾɵġǳߵȼ䣬Լȥʾȥ
ôô죿
˳ȼƺߵ·̫Ϥһֽʵͼʼо
оҲûоʲôֲ̲סˣǳظ߶ɣӹǶϺţѧ·Ƕͺˡ
ģúЦûų˵ԼСȥϽͣûɶûɶѧԣͨҲᱳͼ

ȼ                        
лҪ˵

55

һֱʽȼ򳵺Ϳ, Ͼǳ
ֲѸ첲⿿ϣг, ҲѧѧСʱ·ʵƣ, ţŵʾ佭ȼûкϵһֱûкϵ
ȼӺӾһۡ
Ůӷɫ, 
ôȻϵ˵ྩѧҲǽ쿪ѧ, ҲҪѧУġǰѧһȥһ
ֲͷ֪ƺڶæ̶ȡֻò׽˳, Ҫ˵֮⣬ĸҲΪ¡ص׼׼, æĳ鲻ʲôġ
˴ھ, ྩѧңң
ѧɺܶĿ˲, ǼֲͽȼԷɶȤ˲šûֹ
ɫʯשУſһӭ77ѧѧĺȫصѧ, вֲͬͽȼǼġ
ǻָ߿ĵһѧ, δΪĸĸ￪ŵҪ˲, ΪĻҪĹס
Щ, ѧӼѧУɳվͳ;վӭӵĴͳʶֲͳӽȼС˳˲˵Ŀ⡣
Ǹ඼ڿλһװҵĿˣֻģʣŹ, У԰ǳĴڡ
ˣƺԱλáǹҲʲ׵ģͶ缫ˣӵĿѧУ·ֹǧһЩ״ε۶ʣ
ֲڱ˵䣬Ĭ첽ǰȥװû
ȼѾѧУʦùϵˣֻҪȥһطű񣬾ѧסֻϽŪ꣬ȻȥԶྩѧ浽û
дʱ򣬽ȼƳļˡ
ûϵϾŪˣдӣָŲдһλãʾдˣдˡֲŹȥġ
ֲŵذѱƹȥĴ֣ĵЩʲôʱܸꣿ
ѱƵһطȼָôʱȻо˭Լļ

ŤͶȥÿһԶɽʵʪÿ۾Լ
òֲѧ졣ľûһ
һ˲䣬ֲۿˣѺܶںڡһ춼ȥˣΪʲôڲ׶ʲô
ȼζǰļˣżֲһƼǸ˰ɫƤӵİ׾۾ģĽëȣһֻקŻĸ첲󷽷˵ֲʦòʦ㻹ǵǰҲСƵѧУˣһѧרҵСƸҴ걨ˣʹǡ
ֲ
ȼżֲԭҪŵѸ˻߬ŻصԼ¶ϵı鼫侫ʣһʼί죬ִӲ쵽ţָ
ֲվվֱ۾ɨɨֻliѲмһ˿΢ЦϲҲҲ˴˰ǺúѧϰһΪѧķչס
ǵعһ֣С˵ѽǻụֵġ
ƿûôֹţȴ޶ԡȻ۾ɿżֲ
ֲƼ˵С¶һ˿Ц⡣
ͻȻߵǰ°ͣĶԵԼԡ
ȼҪˣ
棺Ҫˣ
Ҫˣ
Ҫˣ
ֲЦŶ԰ϲɣ˵¶ѽϹġ

*
ֲ䣬䵽˸ӦķʽҲǼΪ档
ԳŻզ¶ģû˼ҲŰ뷨ģǾ̫ĥߴһ仢֮ʣӦšⴺ첻ϾҪ
⻢̫֮ͣʮĺ꾫ͱˡ
벻ɫɷף׵ñ·Ҫף˲С־ʹӻԳˡ
濴ֲһϵвϹЦȴû˵ʲô
ֲʲôҲû˵ӣʼ
һһMMPʲôλͬѧһ춼ͺ꾫˻𣿻ȥԼѧУ飿һ컹ôԣͿǧ𣿺õģԺǻҪУ԰ȥʱ֪ʲô𻨣
Щ˵ԼˣҪϢһ¡
ҪҪһԸ緹ֲ˵ˣҪͬѧùϵ
ҪҪһԸֲ˵ˣüʣ粻ʳ
ȴҿżֲŰ¥ȼͻ˵ֵܣҸɵˡ
ϸЦ
ˣ

ֲߵᣬĴ򿪴һ¥£ǼѾԶˡǿѧһ죬˶æȥʰԼĶ
ʱ񱼣ŮкҲûģŮ˸飬תۼ⡣̸ʲôʳôãҲû롣
̵֮ʱһ۵Ĺֲ糿񿴼СģǸͬѧʲôѽ
ŮҲŤͷҲע¶ˡͬѧһװʵ̫ˣǺܳʱûĴ˰
˵нȼ֮ǰѧУʦ
ŮǳŶһһ̲סǻأһͬѧǸղվ¥µġҲɿˣëóʲô
ֲŤͷҧгݵ˵ջƣлġ
ĹεС
Ůͬѧǣôôȡ֣
*
ܻǱߵѧҵҲæڶ졢죬ûֲ
ֲڷ꣬Ķ⣬˵ڶһ÷ɿʱʶԼͱĿĽȼֵһˡʦͬѧ
ʱ˶һװ˵Ĵ߸ͥŲߵֲԱ£ñ鱾õû
ֲһ黵Ҳͦƽ
ȼƲ
ȼһ¼ֲӣ˵֪վһ뿪һЩ
ֲʶ˼䡣
ʦʼôһҽܣÿ˶Ҫ˵ѡϵԭ򣬻н־򡣽ȼȻش˵Ƶʳ֮ķɣξ˼ļ꣬׳Щʳܴ
ֲֵˣȼϵӦҲ˵Ķ
ֲվҪơҰﱣΪ˵ͻȻ۾һͻȻ뵽ʲôŶҪơҪŮʱǩԼÿһ黨ǲݣԴ˴ٽгЧʡ
ȼȫͬѧ                        
лҪ˵Ű𣡣

56

һ仰ȫסֲ
뿴黨, Ƥ𪡢񳺱̵ĺÿŮƺû̫Լ˵ʲô, г档
ͬѧֹţʲô˶˴δСͬѧʲô
ԭС, ̫ʹȫš
ͷҰ׵ʦúڰ壺ҽһ, λͬѧֲ, 77˱ʡʯʨ״Ԫ˼ڿ֮ǰȥѧϰ֪ʶ̹ܶڷɵĿ͹۵, 󲿷ݾǰհԣη, ǰ;
ˣۡ
ȼС˵ԱŵǸͬѧ, , ǲǾΪ״Ԫ
ʦ滹Сüͷ, ٶúڰ壺ǽȼͬѧ, ˼ǻ״Ԫ
ҹԹԡһСӦ͡
ȼԱȻ
ֲҲûʲôǰܹĿ, ۶ôߵν
޳ָⷭ鱾, ñ͸µһСװëˮһ㡣
ֲȫûע⵽Ŀ⣬ֲڷꡣ
ΪʦҪǰԼĹ滮дӲͷƤдһʱ嶯˵ġԼȫ˽
ҧǦ, Ƶ룺棡ҲûԼôæƺ
һ᣺û׼ڼһ鿴΢ƲκͲأ
ֲһ綼ں˼ģ쳣ƣᣬ˯
ڶ糿ͬѧ˵иѣ¥µ˺þáֻˡ
ֲĸȼ
ͬѧ˵ǡ
Ǹͦߵģϵıͦ񡣵ѧУ
Ŷˣ
ֲϲ˼룬ǱֹƵᡣ
أ
ͬѧŶҸ˵İֲ˯ȥˡ
˵ɶɶ
˵İ
˵ôƴģ˵㣿
˵ֲ˵ģְġ
ͦġ
ֲл𣿡
ֲҴˣл档
ͬѧЦզ˼ְ˵ΪɶɫÿءӦҲûɶģ˵󿴵Ҫ´꣬ٳɳʯģҾ͸˵ݰˣҪ·ˡ
ֲܽûɶˡ
ֲڽһæҪȴиæǰæΪȼһֱ⡢ʦƻ
æûʲô߰˰˰ƣ絽һֻ˯
ͬѧһ飬ôýȼ񲻶ԣ˵ɶʱ֤
ֲøһjioԹҪʯҪҥ԰
ͬѧףʲôϣʲôʲô𣿽ȼͿǵĲһ
ֲЦãӳоͿʼңʲôʦѧֺɸֵ񣿡ʱȼһ⣬һֱЦԼĳЩд̫ǰ˵ҪԼֻǸưѧ˿ܻ˵ץ
룬ԼͽȼһæˣһֱûҰƣ֪Ƶ׺Ǹզˣ֪ǸڻûӦԼϹ֪ѧУûдš
ðһֲͷӦô죬һô죿
ߺޣʱ򣬾ᵶֻ֪꣡㲻ҰﱣҪСʱʽȼ
㣬Ȱ޸ճ̣ᵽǰ
*
ȼгһݷͳӣгݰٵ۶˴ιѧϰ£ȫѧ˴ӣм쵼Ҫοʵġ
гг̸ЦἰԼĶҲѧУ顣г׷ȮӣŴðȻܿ˴󣡻˵Ҳˣѽ
ϵԺʦͬѧȥҽȼͬѧ˵ҲڽҲʳãᡣҲûƶͨѶ豸гֻա
Ȼһ쵼ͼʱгһ۾ƼһյϰǸһŮһԼҶӡ
ԼӶŮǳ磬Ůרעؿǰ飬ñ滮ŵʱѯԼӡ
վڽſ˼ֱԱߵ쵼гǾĶӣ
г˵ͷ
ᴸţȼ
ȼһ̧ͣͷ㿴δĸףһ쵼վſڡæվſȥ

ҲǼֲһμг
2020ƼЩ󸹱쵼ͬг壬ıּѡŴ˽ȼʵݺϬ񡭡ϬʤԼǰĸ̸ס
г˸ƣЦЦüֲҲ
ֲڴһθеִ١ýг·ܿԼһزסܡ
г΢ЦźʹҽܣҶӽȼǻʡĸ߿߷֣λͬѧмֲǺ˱ʡʯʨе߷֡
ֲûмҵƬȻϳҡ
гֲ۵׵ɻЦź˵ҶΪȥʦΪǧȥʦְ˸״Ԫôܲ²˭
ֲףǿͷʲô˼ȼΪȥʦ
ȼȼг쵼죬ûע⵽˵ʲô
гļ򣺡Ȼȼû˵ʲôңһֱ㵱׼ϱġ
ֲ˵ʲô
Ťͷȼֽȼû
гľȲڼֲǻǺܴͳģѧУ԰гȻڸ¿϶Ůӣɼжô⣡
гżֲһʺţͰЦ˵Ŷ㲻֪ȼû˵
ֲҡ治֪ȼ֮ǰôְֽġ
гڴص϶Լ
ǰԶ飬ȼȻûֲͷֶһֱȥ˶˿ԣ˭ϼֲȻø״ԪžͨͥĹҲпȡ֮δһܺͶϣΪ
Ƽӳؿ֪ӿ϶ˡƼ侲Ҳ֪ﵽôġ
г㣬ɵӣӵĸһѽʶֱӰ⡰׼ϱĻͷܳȥˡ
룬һСϲϲȼҲҪϲˣֻҪͷ൱ڸʡ쵼ǰȷԼ׼ϱݣû׼δİģҵ˫ѽ
˴и⣬ֲͨС
ŽгЦ⣬ⱧǸ˵ʵڲ˼׼ϱء
ͣƬ̣롪Լ˵ֻͨѹϵ֮ǰҲֻʦϵôû׼˵ûϵǿԣдģһնڴ
ڣѵġ
Ա쵼ǣ
ȻܾˣʲôأʲôܱȽгĶӸͨСƽȼһװһöǻ״Ԫź
гɫӣ۶ӣظĿƵŮϣӴҴûȼ˵ѽ˵һֱںúѧϰѽôأʲôʱ򽻵أ
ֲûôش𣬹ָĬš
ȾͷȻһɴ÷磬ǿǰϹŵļűֽˡ
Щ쵼ʶ࣬ȴҲֵĴ÷Ūһ
߲֪Ӻʱ߹һ׿Խ̶ӣһֱߵֲԱߣһ֣ƶ콻ġ

57

гһ, ȻʧЦƺԼʲô
, ڣôͻȻ
ɨۼֲ, ŮӵͷЦȻûоܾ
˭ҵĳСӣͻȻôɱһгŵؿ, ֶҲûзӦ
쵼ǰ, г֮ΣƽϢʵֲ, λ
˶Ƴ⻰ЩơǶгԱ˶ʡ쵼, ȼͼֲ״Ԫ, , ӦòͻȻðСƨˣͿ䴦ͺˡ
ͻȻðһ䡰λ, Ȼ˼൱ڡĸ, ܹȨ
˲ô, ɡ
ֲ˵Щʲô, ǻֹ֣סĻ硣
浭ǽȼĸ׽г
гţͷһǰᵽȫЩ졣
΢ЦҼ㡣
ˣţ
ʲô
濴Ž죬ͻ˵1944꣬ȫػ, ֻҼҰݷãҸС˰æ˰취

⻰˵ĺ֣ʲôʲôģǽȼû˵ֻϱ˲ŸϤ
Ҳһ⣺Ҳüѽôᣬǻ˵ûгѽ
Ȼ˶Ƽгɫͻ䡣
ˡʹ˫ԼɲƵ΢֣أԭ̫ɽĻƼҺ
ֲ
ȼ
Цʲô̫ɽ̫ɽģⲻҲ̫߳ɽˣȻ˺һͽҰƾСλ쵼ŲҲȥбԹྩѧУ쵼أ77˱ʡ״Ԫ
Ƽгǹһκ顣΢˵ŶʹˣǼ䲻̫ǿ
ֲ㤵ؿһֻ֣ĽгͷûϵҲ࣬żоѣҲʹˡ
ˣ
ֲ泶ˡȼİѸһߣʲô̫ɽƼҺΪʲôûк˵
ֻƽһֱʮĸͫýֽŶȥ䣬·С˵ȣӣҺ˵ܡֻǾѽ
ȼͷ֪ѽҲҵѧУҳһֱɽҸķ䣬ءҲû̫õϡ
гҺû̫õϡȻûڽö˶վȿȵϴμһֻǣ֪ʲôʱ򻯳˵ġ۱֣Ƕÿͷ̫ү
ȼ
װϲۻһɡ
ȼղŵ׺˵ʲô
*
ֲ֡һۣǴһ˿Ц
⧲ؿǰӰ˵ʲôȽֹסŷԼһ԰ɽϡҹɫʵǹ⣬οȥ԰ֻˡ
̧Դ˿һĸߴ԰ɽķ
Ա߳˳ӣľ֮Ҳû𣬲Щ΢Թȡ۾峺ˡ
ٲҹⲻġ˺ܶ飬֪ڴݵ⡣˺ܴæΪ˵ıҸߣΪݡûʲô
ֲһûáҪק첲Ҫֵġ
üͷҶû̫ע⡭ǺҲ㲻ã̫ϰߺͱ׽ˣʵϲᷢʲôͽȼ׽ɡ
ͷ㣬ҽʲôǣÿιͷͷ簤磡ᣬ㼸һ
ֲʲôм仹
þ֣ʵңǲгǿ˼Ҷϱ
е֡
ֹࡣ
Ȼôǰ˵Լѡ
е㲻Ȼشӻ˻
֮ǰڳȻܺãԾӣϵܣҲδһޣûʲô
Ҳˡ
ĺЦؿʲô㣬֮ǰͦô
ƫͷǴһ˵ʲôЦ⣬΢Ƶ˵ͦôǸ˵Ϲʲôʱϵģ
ֲ
̧ͷ
ʲôʲôʲô֪ˣҪһֱģƺģ
̫ˣ
鸴ӵؿʲôأʲô飿˵ҳϰ˵ʱҾˡ
ֲƤ㱻Ѫˡ
ǵģˣڷϺһ仰СֻƨߵߴӺɽѽ
ǰţǴʱ˵ش˾òˡ
ֲ˶㣬ȴԼʯͷʵοŽһ
浭һֳֻס۵㣿˵˵أʲôʱ£
ֲ
ŵɽ¶Ϣûôôˣ޹ġǿסˣ̧ͷɫ٣1975괺죬пԷ졣Ҹ˷֮󡭡
ȻʧЦԣϽŲҪҪȻԼ
ֲƽȼķ䲻ˡԼҲܲӰ졣飬Ұɡ
Цü򶼸ŲˣüֲûˡӵǻһѰס
ĴС
պȻ˵С꣬ҶɳɳţϢɾһ𣬲Ǹ1975Ĵôҡ
Բԣôже硣
ϾܴķΧϾǳϾమˡ
ƺȻѪͫʧ˽ӿüֲİĲˡ
е㴭ָŰƵͷСһ仰˹ˣˡ
ţͫ׻ָԭ״촽΢뿪Ҿòã˵Ҫ
С˵Уˣд£㲻ˡ
棺
ٶȱϣ΢΢뿪۾𣺡ʲôʲô涨
ֲѧվǳ㣬ӵдС˵Ҫδʾȷļֵۺ͵򡣳˲д£ͬʱдΥģ18֮ǰܡǸʲô
ʶֲ˵ʲôЦòõģ18յ죬һţűһ12㡭Ⱥˡ
ҿ㻹ôһţ

58

һƽİ, մӵϻ˳ͷ, ſڰરવ, ԲΧȹĨִӳкӺͶӳԷ
յϼȼŨ޻Ի, ˻, ûص̫ʵĵĿС񶼺ޡƣ˵Ҫ
ëϵ´, Ҳŷϼɲ˵, еˡ
ԲΪŮѾܾ, һ˵, ۿ죺˭أȫĵˡУǼֲϵ۶ѧУ, Զɲ˵ͻģ
һ̲, ΢΢ٵȵȰ, ȵ, ֲҲͻˡ
૵Ҫǽͺˡ
ԲͼЦ
ǺγŮ˲ӵΣοԴɵΣ
ʱһ˺ȻԺ֨ѽһ죬˴ˮдʪ˭ĳſ, ˵ĽŲԺڣûϵűһһƿϼۡ
һŮԣ˫ֹס㣡㣡㣡
ǱʶԲĲΣ
գ
Ǵ죬ٻҪü£
ȷǼֲļֲ
ϲԭܳŮǻˣˣ
ֲҡҡͷ
һˣĿ峺׿Խһ·֣ࡣ
ߵֲԱߣ֣Բͼ˵׵ġȢֲ
ȿȿȿۡԲûڹԼƹȥ
ԭһȲϣôһ˵һƹƹҡӲȷȥ
*
ֲ˼ġ֮ǰдŵģ˵Ҫ¡
Բ˼ǣ
ֲͻȷʵ˺ܾá
ȸ֪ҳٸףٽ顣1975걣صĻ޹أ֣ѡ
ֲ2020ĸţǸҲظĸ̬ȡ
ǰ׺˵ջô컨׹ҪŸĸǻһĴġһҪظĸԶһϡ
ǰһҪøĸ֪ѡ£һҪøĸ⡣ĵײͬ⣬ҲҪ֪״
ְԶõѡ
Ǻôææüһ궼һ绰ֲȻѸĸзǳҪλá
ڻ棬ؼֲѡȻҲԤϵһжᡭô˳
ԲȥʢЩ࣬úһ˳һ롣
üʣ棬ϸǼ㲻ٴεġǴû˵㸸ĸʲôġɵкܶ࣬һʡ
湧ط꣺̫ɽϣ֮ǰ߶ŹܶΣǶûо彲Щ¡ĸ׶ǰˡ
ûںͻȻ秴ǣֻǳ̾һŶĺӡ⺢ûĸ׻ܿ״Ԫ˲õġ
̾˿ֲ
ֲźȻ˴ݸͷˣһرֱϴλͽȼ˵Լǧ꣡
˺СʱӦúЩ𣿣
ƺֲܵĹ󷽷˵ͬһֻǾɽ
Բ
ǣ
ֲţǡ
Բɽ
棺ɽ
жС𣿡
棺ǵСܵܣûҪץֻСè棬һǿõġ
ѾˣһûЦҷˣ
ֲӵıңȫû׼
Ľ˱ˮŷֲ̫
ֲ˿˵ûЦǻǵ𣬳дûġ
ʵݡġ
ҰèɽҰĢëġ
ںôôǮܴ濿

Ժмַ趯
ȷŮЩңԶ£ǹȥǰ˼ġ
ʼ޷ܣ磬ˣҪȢԼŮ
ô붼˷񰡣
һ˳Ĭá
˽Ƥ
ãľС֣ϲ򡣡
һţϹУ㲻ϲ
Բе΢΢ʣλơƴɣûЦܲȳȥһ£лͼֲ˵
Ǹ㵽ܲܳԣҼʣеҪҪ

59

ֲ赱Ȼͬ¡
Լ©ȥ, ߶³żֲСݣһµļҲ˽ȥ
ĳ, ޲мϺ, а
ԲԴǿУޣǲǰˣڴи, ͸й
ü, ߵѾˣò߸һҪ10ɣ
ֲҡͷĿƶ˵
, Ůϵ, ɽһֻ̹˵, Ƕȥˡ
Բ
ݺݵŮ, ־ͳ𿻱ߵɨ
ŭׯ˱, ʱֻɨŮƨɡɨվ, 뵽⻹һֻ
Ҫ֪ԼŮ, ᲻ȫң
ذɨı䷽, ԼԴϺûãŮá
ֲɨ񣬺ԲԱҲ֪ôˣһＫࡣ
ãֲ, ¶ûôӡôҡǸǶҲӴӦ֪ܺá
̹˵ɣ࣬Ҫն񣬻Ҫء
ﵱȻ֪˼
ǰֲ̲Ū˼ֲ
û۸ѧʱ򣬲ܿװɳӣαéӣ
ǣһŮҪӣʵͽׯȫȻ޷ܡۣѼֲƵȥ

ֲţӿݶǲã
ϷߣſҶһСˣʵ˳˵ˡ
ֲȡһС㰡㣬ô˵ʵ
۾ģӤһĸɾʪ󣺡˶˵ǻǿɹƭʵϣǱԶ
ֲ̾ðɣ㴿ôҸĸͬô죿
棺裿
ͷŶֲŪЦˣһưѻӷͷײײ䵽Ժӵ棬˸һ޹Դ
*
ãŲű򿪡ֲͻ汻ԲͼкȥȴƼĸнͲȻģ
ûȼֲҪ˵ʲôֻĨ᣺ƴɶҲ֪˼ʲô⺢ӴСľģûʲôϲ
Բر𱿣С꿪˵Ż˵
·Ҳѧһ²Żߣ֮ǰǶΪأ
ֲûüͷ
˵⺢ӣôôôޱߵĴɣݣĵλܲ˵ҲƯɣ
Բ΢ˣ۾᣺ӣû˴̲ۣͬѧҪҼЩʱ϶٣δƷϵòʱ˵ĵѽ˵㿴ɶ˾Ҫ˽飬Ҫ飬ϻﳣ˵;ܷ𣿡
ֲĳЩͻһη壬Կ弶
ǣԶĵطˡ
ʵͽԴһӣؾȻ˵ô࣬ôᣬɼ˶ٵ
ֲﷺһΪı
ǼƱص˦ˣŶ˽
ԭֲͻֿ
Ǵ2020ļֲ׷һܹô̵ͱĸ
ĬֲοĸڲǴѧڼ䣬Ҫ飬ҲǴѧҵ֮󡣵ǰ˻ѧҵΪءԼҪͽȼúöɣҲǱоѧ
ֲԽԽֱͣС˵զԺֺ
Բ߹ȥţŵùֻԺһȺһȺһȺöûŵĵط
洹ͷһڴ˵˵ҪҵŸո˹
ֲȻΪЦˣߣ˻Ҫ˵ҪͶѣʮèɽ

ںռװջ˼ֻ˵ŪˣС塣
ǰ¶ɱƾĥס
ôСһ˵ɿһЩֲ̧±˵ҪѧУˣ컹ҪϿΡ
զģܸϵѧУ
ֲӾ͹ˣͦġ

һӣԾҧԽ֮£Ⱥúѧҵ˵
ֲͷҲҪѻݸ߱ˣڴǸġ
ңģ˵
ȼֲͻȥŷĵļţ´ӳҽг
Բȥʵֺһȼ˵ϸ
*
ղã˵Щֲȱ㣬ƴɶᷳ϶Ҳȡý
ӲǲеģǾֻʹɾôɾҪȫ׵ĺȼ˼ֲĳɳֽ̹ڻͬѧ϶ϸʵĲɢ·
ææذгﵽʵ֣˳󲽱ȥ绰
ʱʮˣֻʣ˸ֵҹģ˽һôͳྐྵˡ
绰ͨ˴񴦣ûһֵʦˡʦ˵㲥Ȼýȼ
Сʱ󣬼ߵĵ绰ˡ
ѹȼǱû˰ɣ
绰ͷᶨ̤ʵûС壬ôˣ
ĵ̾Ų˵¶塣
ȼô壿˵˵
ǻ棬Ҳʶģżֲˡ
޳ˣǣǸˡˣǸǾ
ЦɡͷŲݸ壬ô˵
˭֪ͳ˵֪µģǸ

*
ȼ˵绰Ŷһһǣ۾ǾȰǾš
ڼֲͻִѧУ֮󲻾ã㲥ýȼȥ񴦡һһܹţȽȼ絽
ʦ뿪칫ңֲҪȼᣬ˵ȼҲûɶһͷˮرȲӶ⵽զˡ
һͨ绰Ȱοż֮üӲСȻȥˡ
ֲ˰죬ָüġ
ȼһһƵƵҡͷ˰죬ô˶ѧѧҵΪ㶨ҲǱҵ¶ĸͬ⣬ǵһ㹥ˡ
ֲҴӦְ֣Ⱦܵѧҵڻ桪ŤͷϾˣ㵱ǰλְӵеֻЩ£ֲȻ㲻ġҪ֤ʵԼ𣬾Ҫȡһԡ
ֲͷ򰢻ƣȴ°ͣ˼ӡ
ʱѲ˷׷뿪칫ңֵʦҲȥϢֲɻͻᣬȼԼȥ
ȼͷǺӣ̾˿ûзӦԺ
۷Ļ档
ͽȼ֮ǰ˵Ǹɽʿܷʶ

£ϣ

֮, ͼֲ˵ԼҪѧ
е㲻š
·Ⱦҹһ, üëݽ·ƹ, üֲò̫ѧУȥţͬˡ
ֲһ, Ѿһû, û뵽ӭһϢ
һ֮ǰ˴У԰˹ڸྩѧϵĴšֲʳóԷģ
󲡶ϵи, ֱˣŴһѧ˴ĵĶ
˵ͷ, Ҳûֱ, ͬѧϿξ, ˵ʦһ۵ˣ˵һСϲֲֻ
ڵ, ˵ỹһ᣿ͬѧһשͷĵʦǰ, ص, ֪Ĵʮֻ, ʦһ΢
ֲʱ룬˵Ӧǰưɡ
ϾλйƵĹСѧһ꼶֪N̩ŵʽֹ
ڣλ˴󲡶ϵ˲žվԼǰʹӣ˵ڵ֪ʶ̲, ѧУ쵼Ҫȥţ졣
ֲ͸ķ˿ҹɫһ䵽ϣģһ֡Ƭ˾˵ʲôܡ
ȡѧ֮١
Ʊѧʶϲ뷲Ტۡ
һõعҰζδ֪ѹء
ҲŻ罭ȼ˵ȡøõλԼĸĸͬ
ǣֲǵһǣӢԶ֮⣬ƴŲô׻ɡ
ƺʲôΣҹƺܾԺŻ
ֲ
ܳ׹˳ˮҲ˷ʱˣֲҪٽ¡ҲֻӢѧϰ
ҵĿǣоΪֹҵһвһȥɽ𣬷޵ɽҺɡһææ
̵۾׵ģදЯȻʲôգպЩ򽻵ᴫȾ㡣
ֲ룬ҡҡͷһ㣬żңвУ
ǻټҲܲ˼ֲĵӣһֻŮͷࡣá۾ǳǳ
ֲ˫Ȼһʱû̫ӦֻƵĽëŨܽ֯СӰ紵С֡

ֲ˵Ѿûˣ죡
ȼò֣ͷʮȿꡣ
ֲ˵Ѿûˣڣ
ȼò֣ͷʮȿꡣ
ֲ˵Ѿûˣ£
ȼ
ֲʮԱһƣʽȼ֣ʲôżҲż
ȼǻһӲĻߣæ
ֲͷˣܾһжָƵӡ
Ӱȥ֮ӱһظȥҲûۣûϢʱϵóֲκξϡϡһͬ롣ȵź֪زţ
ƵȥˣæҲæ궼ѽ²ȾôķӰɣ
ţѧ˵绰Լ׶ǻ׻ǿ׵ġǱʦHuang Yinke is busyvery very busy.
ڶεεĴΣҲһĴ𸴡
õģ֤û

⧲ֲû·ңò˺ö˳˴Сش塣
ƿţŵ̱ǵζ˸硣
͸ƼͺԲſͷţʲôһǽ˸ǵļʻ
ֲ°ʲôأ
Բһ£ƼŮûűˣŷĴ󵨵ʣǡƴɣأ
ֲˡ
ˣ
ֲֻһЩ٣üＦɹ˵ͷ
ǺԲͼŤȥٴζǼʻ˿ģлԸлŮ֣
ֲ
˸磬ȥһѺɽ
ǵԼÿһ飬ڴ졣·;ϵСҶӶԼҡҡλΣۺСиӰӱ
ҲǵǸһļӡĸ䵽ĸλãҶŻ̵浽ٲ㣬ԼȶٷӺԼˡ
ڣڵľ΢΢һ
˸ߵҰݶ棬ϸŨĳݵü޷ۡ
ƼԼСݵѾࡣʯ˻ңŵļûƶࡣ
ѨʯɷŴӫ⣬ºʡϴдˡɽأɽҰֲĿռԭַſڡ
˽ȥѼС
ＸѳΪһתѼС̬ϵͳѼˮȥΪˮϡȥԹϵĳԶǸģ̬
ֲ¸ĸ־ԼͻعںãȥҴؼҡÿһֳԣһ߳һ߾òζ
棬ܲڣıĸͼżʻɹˣԼˣ
*
׹˼ѩ˼ȼֲָЩЩͦµƽᣬȼŷѾܾòᡰơ
ı䲻ֹЩ
ŰĹƩ֮ǰçײֵ˵һ䡰
ڣҲ֪Ϊĵײ£ΪˣȻѧ̣Ͽλش˼ֱҪࡣ
ǫѷº͵ӣýȼЩ塣
ĸ첲ιǲֱʲôֵ˴Խˣ
ֲҪ֤һ۷ɡ
ͻȻ˾£ȼҪִ̧һ£ֲ۾Ц⣬ַôһ
þûôǷˡ
ԭļֲ
ʹҪҪ׷ֲȥûѣѵӦó
ȼܻش˵׷ѡҲ׷
ֲҲӱ˿˵ĵɻ󣺰Ƶ׻ԼԼʲôС׷ҡΪʲô
ЩСĲ
ǰѧҵԼ˵ҪģҵĿҪеҪ
һ峿ֲůѣÿ¥¿ųֵĽȼ
һ죬ǽȥĹΪͨ˾ᱨ˾
Ϊ˾飬Ϊ˴׼
˴ὫԷɽ޸ġ
֮ǰظ˶ȫټ飬˶Էͽģڹз̬ȡ
˽Կ˵˽Կ顣
ǴڴʱʽơҰ¹ҰζгߵķɣԴ˴ԴͷžδֵܻҰζг
ȼø׵ĹϵԼͼֱֲӽ˾ţ뷨޶
Ǿ˼ǣΪķʽŸ͹ⷨɵĹƽԳԼ龭סá
ֲһǳβԽȼݸһЦ
ȼ׼ˣ
ֲͷˡֻǡĲֻӣ֪ģʵڲ֣Ҳûа취ϾΪҰζȾ˲ࡣ
ȼЦϣӮø죬Ը
ֲһЦĵȴһ˿Լڴ
첻ֹȥӣֹΪüʮֻҪӣԼհ
ԸԸٵû᲻죿
*
ֲͽȼѧУﻹǷ״Ԫѧһһгӣ˹ͱˡͨ񡱣࿴ƽĴڰһ
ֱֲŸϻëỊ̇˷棺ơ̷ģʲô
ֲҰ﷨
˻ǰгǸʲôԼء
ȼֱߵĴҲˣʣǴѧﵷңѧУ֪˿𣿡
ȼ
ۼֲһ˲ҲԼǵˡֲǳ򶨣ߵ˵ҰҪֻǶ֪ڲ׼Ժһܴܺʧ
Ͳ̫˵ߵˣȼ򾲾ȴοŮ֣Ϊ
̨ϵַţܶ˶бֱߵİ̽˹ơ̷Ľ飬һڴкǲ᰸̨ӿҵ
ȼվżֲǰ
˵Ҫǣ
ȼ˵һ仰Ⱥǰ̴һʾԼĶ䣺Ұ﷨
Ҳˡˣе˵Ҫơͨ򡷣е˵Ҫĸġ̷ôðҰˣ
ֲ˵ǻģڹȥڣܶʳҰҲұ֤δǷҲᷢҰĽסҵ鲻ֹΪ˱ǣΪ˱ԼΪҰϴಡҿ֪ߡС̣
Լְҵܶ⣬벻ġ
ֹһԼû˵˵ʲô֢ˣһһŮޱ֣ص̬ȡǽķǳ·ĲҰ⻪һҪôһ˿Ƶģ
üͷס˵ĻͷȵȣǺܶԷԲǲҰζǲҲ̫ˣ
ֲʵǰ⡣ѹѹɵǣ޽ŵ˼伢ѡ񡣵Ұζһ²ߡ룬ΪһͶԵһֻҰãĶȴЯոȾӣǲǵòʧ
ͳŴңҡһΡһžĴ졣
ǸĩաСߣż˳ţҲʵ֡
սӴ磬Ų԰Ļ㡣̨Ͷ˴к
ֵˮҩˮû˸ȥϰࡣҽ˾״ȥˣãʿֳʿ
ЩǳԵһֻȾͲҰ
뿪ǸجεʱǳجβδҲ֪ڶĴ죬ⲡ᲻ɸ֪ʲôʱȾܳ㡣
ֲЩǰļͿ־ӿͷ˲ʱ˶ĽȾ
ž֮Уиϻİ̺Ȼ֣㽲Ƕǣⶼ˭֤ҰôµĲͨǸѹһǿĲҲû˰ɡ
գ׷ЦȻأȷʵøѹһ⶯ɶˣôвأ
ҲǼֲǰͽȼ˵⣬ȱİԺݺݵ˵Щûڲܴˡ
ֲ˵֮ʱźȻ򿪣˶ʶͷȥ
һüĿ߽ӣ޳ȱһ˫Ƥѥĸɾ£͵Сɫ
˵ɫʪ䣬ôλͫ峺͸͸
ֲʶ
־˺Ϥ
ɷ˵ؿڵͬѧĽоġ׹ɽȡһֻһ͵ĸȾֻĻ켣ҹĻϵͬ࣬ᱻȡ
ͬʱͬѧڷƹɽදзһֲҹϷҲܰǹꡣ
ʶֲĿ䵽ϣ̵޷ӡ̵۾ͷһֲҵͬѧΪΪSARSһֲΪ֮Ϊñ״
ɤ˿ްöôʶϢſ˺ܾáǸ˵öԣøѹһȷ󲿷ֲʹøѹ֮ǰҾѾᱻⲡȾ

ֲѾȥĽˣֻо䣬Ѫӿʶ20032020겻ᷢľʶԼͽȼķ᰸ͨʱֻһ¡˵ͬѧһǰơ
첽ߵߣǯסǽڷ󣺡ģ
ͣסǵĶԻʹӣæ˵
ֲ

ɵX
ʧء
ܾǰڹ԰ɽ˵18յ£ʲôҪ12һŲȥ𽴽ʲôģңԶļ
˭Ҫ
ֲϱ粻ҪŽȼ̨˾Ϲ
Խֹλ·Ƶġ
׷ʣȣģҼ׳ʲô£
Ưӳһ˿˸УС㣬Ҳ֪ÿ춼ȥͬĵط
*
˳û죬ȼӵż㣬ǵĽ齫ʽ˴޶ɵ̡
ֲҪĿ֮һﵽ
ССףһǽȼ˺ڵ۶֪ġĪͣӽڼ䣬ȼһֵ󣺼ֲֹλƺƢüˣҲ˵ʲôܱճһʺӡǡ
ȼȥˡ
˵˼ˣҼҵġ˼ҪԼҪ¡
μֲֹţãҴӦҪչ˼ֲ
ֲƺ֮ûƽϢЦ˼ԼҪչˣŶǲҰɣһһɣ
ȻȤһüʣףô裿
ֲ£ӲӲ϶Ǵ򲻹ģܷɳʯצҲúܡǵҼװԭ˯ŵʱһͱ˺βͣ
ԭȳĺգͻȻȻһ˸ԭÿӵֲڵȥ˲עƨɡ
ɾī۾˶Ȱֲ˵ﻰͬѧѽҸɢɢദܾãȴҲûɶõġҾҲզأҲһ㣬Ƣ̫á
ţ㿴ͦ겻ˣͲҸ𣿡
ֲĬãǷһЦ죬Ҳܰɡ֮ǰͦëȾɫġء
õˡ
棬ȥֻһۼˣߵ±Եʱķ羰ȫڡ
ָĻ棬СֻСӵģֻ۵׷ӿεġһ棬ѾΪʿ
ԸΪҡź
Ҳס
֪Լ˭ôˡ
룬棬ֿѡĵʦİˡ                        
лҪ˵ҪˣллһֱҵСʹллҹ׺ӪҺǡ
Һܰ£ϣϲѼ
ٴλӭղġȦжڸҴǮɳڴⱾ죬Ϲ
дⱾ֮ǰҿܻдһССӿӣɳԶе࣬챬ˣ÷ŷţ
ٴθл

££

ǴζݵĽӴ, ʧڴǰ˵ԼҲϵ顣
ֲڰ, ȥ, гˮ, һ۾ִպŮˡ
ȼǲҲԺе˼, ֲ˵ֵܡ
ǻֵܣҺͻһ, ֵܣ
ȻȼͷˣԴ, ֲĵԭǸŵĿֱŤֹǰЦ, ˵, ǰܶûСҲˡ
ں뿪ǰֹһ, ¹λ󼴽, ĺҪžɪɪ
ֲ˵밡, Ƕõֵܰ, ôͬˡҿ϶ҲҪúöԴСܵġ
ȼļ磬Ҳ֪˵ʲôá
˻һѻ𡣱ҵϢصִ
ѧУⲦҵ˹λɹ˾ļֲ뽭ȼõչˣȺ󱻷ֻر˾
ǻǰµļڣĳ١

ֲڻص, ĸͰףǳ轻ӡԼøҲŽ࣬ԲЬӣҪһѽЬӳҪ
һҹֲ׵赽ɶ
ԲͼΣ߼ֲһϢҪˣҽԺԺӡ
ֲտʼҪ˵ãӭӵĸҪ˵ĵڶ仰㶼ˣҲÿǿԼˣǶ˿ɾͳ׷ˣ
ץʣȼǸúԽȼɶ
ֲ
ԲʣϲҲҲŵԡáզһӵģһֱͬѧ
ֲЦã϶С
Բһֲֻ˵оͲ𣿴Ŵû׼ˡ
ûã˽Ժӡű˭ƿֲһͷƼһµĳ´ӳקԲϽʡ
ظ´ӳ˸̣ӳûںͶӽҪֲһȻ۵ãÿ𣿡
պһˮ˳
ԲЦãæĳ󱳣զأǶͦѽ̸ͳˡ
ֲǣû˵˵Һʲôϵ
ֲҸɵ
Բ

´ӳ
ֲ֣ؿң˵ûǸɵɶӹϵ˵ͶӸǲ|ô
´ӳקŶ䳶ˣԼĿô
*
ֲ費ġŮѾ˻䣬ô㣬ôв̸ĵأ
ĴӳӿϣǾԱĴĴӳӣ޸ҽԺԺӣôҲɫɫʲôУĶӰɣ
ҵżý̤ˣҲˡֲÿ춼ü˵Լж󣬶ǿͷǽϼŤŤĻǣﶼڿЦ
ðű˵⽨ŵķ㣬˵һˣǷֶˣ
ֲԷ¹Ҫ׼ļĸ̤ݣԲͼݸæڵˮ˲衣
ĵǸ׵Ĳ۵еġ
粽߳ȥ׼һjioѾߣĿŲˣjioҲͣڰε¡
ҲΪҲ׵ġ㶼֪߷ɶٸˡ
Բͼӣ˾Ȼʶ¶΢Ц
ʵƶҾ׵ģҪȢ㡣
վ¶ڵˮ߲˸ɹ˫Ⱦ˿Σ峺۾˿˿ᡣ
ֲӿԼܲܿ죬˿̵ѹȥ
ǰס½󣺡ô˺ֵܵģ˼㵱ֵܣҪֵŮţ
ţһjioСȥ
վǺ˲һԱѸһܿһߣǰֲǰ㣬ס
治ġϲ㡣
ֲɡ
Ҳȥֲ񣬾ôֱüֲĵлҡ
Բͼһ״۵ףȰѺߣյŮϡ
˭զ¶˭СӿͦҲʶ棿ҿǹϵѽ
ֲ߻صԷѵһŽ
*
ڶˡ
ȷе˵ҲҲϻҪʸá
Բͼ˺кøУģòǫѷѧһҵǻô˽ѴسǣȫŮ
ֲȴֻʹ
ŵһٴ˺󣬺Բ̲סĳߴ磬ë¡
ֲ޿̣ͷƼλλѡǸǾ㲻𣿡
Բʱһʹɫסֲ죬׹ŮϻصԷҪú÷ʡʡԺ˵һԲ
ڶ죬Բͼȥϵأˡ
ƼûˣסֲԺקȥ
ֲŷ֣֮ǰСαװģǸԼӶѡ
ɷ˵ذѼֲ۵Լλ滹ں㣬ӦҪҰɣ
ֲĵ׷԰ɫ
ѽ滹ڣں֪ںһʱ򡭡λ־Ѿ֮ˡ
ֲקźѺɽĶѨ
˵Ҳ֪㲻ǸˡҪ㣬浽һʲôˣ֮䵽׷ʲô¡Щ£㻹׷ңҡԿ
һʯͷһӿʼߵҵƤ󿻻ٵĵºд˶ĿռѾ֪ʲôʱˣֲӵʰһŲݸֽ滹ͿѻСѵּϲֲ
һֱżֲԿΪϵףѨеĹӰ͸Ө
ֲ˵ˣ㻹Ҫ׷𣿡
룬վǲȷŻˡλǸˣɵҲᾪҲҪˡ
ָȥ۽⣬һ׷Ҫ׷ˡô飬ҿ϶Ҫһֱ׷ȥ
ֲԼðѻͦ˼

һС
ʱֵĩոɢؼƮĲľ
ȼЭһҾƵ̻꣬Ի͡ſһƬֿÿһÿһڷ
ȲĽޡ
ֲո˻鳵ںĲ̨ס
СԹòǶ㼸ʱиŻͦ䶯ǸǸˣڻɴЬͿڿں죬˧Ϲġ
ҪҸڻɴҲѽ
ֲЦҾ˵˵ҵҡ
Ա߼Իˣҧ䣺㼸ǻҲǸ˵ҪɴġھеĻ¶
Ƶԭ֣ȥʱ˲䰲
ҽĿͶ䵽һϡ
ŮӵҸšķɫȾŵ۵ĺΡ
ӵ峺۾ǣȫ˵Ҫˡ
˾˵Էһ´Ұɡ
ֲ۲һȻڣ˵˾ҶûϵĻϹõòˡ
ϱҲһ·
ҺǺšȴû⵽źĶСʵ¶ǰȷʵ˰ɡ
ͫûӦֻﰤǾơ
ֳ쳣֡˵Լĸأͷȥơ˴ֳ󲿷ֶǼֲݡӵѣԼȼͬ¡
úҡЩͬУֲԭŮһĴڣŮˣв൹ɹٵĵȻҲͦ͵ġûԸᡣ
ֲҲţۼķɫһȾ糺죬ͺҪγѪһ
ȰһΣȴƼŮ۵״ЦƺҪʲôƵġ֪ŮС˼Ҳ˵ʲô
پʵ˺ܾá
ȵɫѺڣ綼ȥҲ׼ɢˣΪ˾ѼֲͻصƵꡣ
ȵģ۾һһǽ
ֲͻȻѵ߸ЬЬ¥ºѶš֮ǰǱѾõ˾Эֲɿ˳
˾˵ͦ˼ģ»֮ҹסƵ꣬Ҫסǵط
羰任ɽֱɽȵҹӿɽ£ֲ˾ŴŽᣬſȥ
ȵԺܹ·ľżһǣţҲ֪ȥֻý¿ӿݡ
ҶԱ߲ȥյĳһֱҥҥҲʧˣԱоˮ
ܹԺ̾Ȼһ˫šëմȡˮգ˰֡
̧ⲢǾƵꡣʶѹǰ״һ
ǡһѨȼҡҷ
ԱߵЦ⣺һˣ˵滰˰ɡ

ֲ档Ҳ֪ΪʲôˣҲ֪ΪʲôҡҪ㡭ƤҶܰϳ
ֲ֡ͶƴˡͳˣҲ֪ΪʲôֻҪ˵̲סĶ
ֻл
ɫ͸üֲܿ档СҾã֮ԲԸ˵ΪзɡȷʵΪ˵գգۣ
̲סЦ
ǲҾۻƣ
ֲ˵ͷת˲Ϳڵһβͣһ趯
ۻƾܹʱƳһЩ£ԶǷˡ
ӣС˵㷢ˡ˵ˣٲ˵ҾֻһԼԼñˡ
ֲ
ס°ͣ˵
ӻ֮Ļһͨˡ
ֲܿжϣĸܹףԼĻҲܿԲͼӶԼжô⡣
ʶй¶ɱȻֲ£ҲΪΪ˵Ľ١
룬ԼˣֲҲƽƽ͵Լߣܵףɶôء
нȼɽĽ룬Ǹ˵нҵȫķǿĵʿֻΪʱԭ
뵱ʱͦģ˵뻯ˣû뻯ͨ˵ġȷϣҲԼļƻҪȰѲ鴦ãٱһ׵׵ķˡ
û⡣ֻǣʱʹ࣬ῴԼòһı䣬һšΪۣҪһơ̡Զܰ˵ڣԶ밮ȵҲҪðֲܹס

ʼֲһֱ㸸ĸϲˣ㡭һˣɻϲ
ҧ˫һɿҡҷĺӳԼźУûкëûèɽ˲ƶ޵ǣ֮ǰûкԾ
ȻΪ㣬ֻΪ㣬һһֱϲ飬ԹߣҵҲϲ
趯񣬺ʶӵ
ֲͻȻڷ϶Сһ䣺֣ˡƻ𣿡
ָںڵĳûС
оģమ

һǧδĻϼԱѶϢŴһƤϻдԭȼţ
棬̫ɽϵ7
УĴ˽硣
ȢһŮֲϵԽʿ
ڶһУ
Ϊˣ
һҹֲҵСԺ֨Ŀ˵һͰ͵ͷáߺԺӴ죬һصˮ
źӵߺͷһ仰סգ۾ˡǾ仰ǣ˵ϱϲ
ֹҹֲס۶һСĸȥΣԼСӺȻֵܹ˵զԼܵر죬һ̾͵ϺˣУҸоۼڹ˵ˣ
ĸһۣŵغͶ˵װģѡĹյ㵽ˣ뵱࣬뵱
ܳҰζȫա
ЯȫԱϹл飡                        
лҪ˵ԸҶ밮նǰ
ٴλӭղģȦжڸҴǮ
Ůѧƺ²ۣԱ춼ûб£绻ϡ
⻰ݼ֮ˡ
˵ϰ
ǣһӰۣﱻ˴
ܶɶݳϵǡ
죬ԸͿʮں졣
ϴ
Ůѧȵȣأĵгʲô
*
ӰۡȺԼᶨʱһƶŮѧÿǮ֡
ΪߵԼøùǷ׷׸ϴǮˣ׼Ѳ
Ƕ˯һеϤ֮ɤ˵㻳ǸĻ̶ȲߵСӣ
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT
ԴԴ磬غ24Сʱɾ
ݰȨУ
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ