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һʥּ꾩пڽԱŮѩָԲڴҪӡ

˵òª书ߡɱ˲գۣסɽԺмһȺСģ˵ǱɫͿ壬Ųಡ²

ѩȻҪ޸ˣ˷׷׶̾Ϣʺգյ

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ѩȮ

ˣǿܶѩ⡣

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Щſѩҹĥˣֻ

ĳŮ߿ߣ¥ʣ㵱ô˵ģ˵ᰮ

¥ʣĲңҾǰˡ

¥Ⱳӣڰѩ֮ǰֹڰѩ֮󣬿ȫȻȮֱ΢СģǧټϲԼߣκ

ֻܰȵߣ벻ɢ

PS1v1𿼾ÿŵ¡

***

ӵղأǧϷ

Ů½ʱһΪ֪ܣʮ½ҲһΪ֪ܡ

½ͻ飬꾩Ů½񣺡鰮ѾȢ

׵·

½ʱգգۣ㲻˵Ȣ𣿡

½񣺡ΪҴδȢ㡣

½ⱲӣӼż࣬˶˵ĺ˽

ֻԼ֪пɰ룬Сţκίɰ롣


 1 

üһ촽ܽɫѩΨ
һŮѩò˼еľɫ
˵ǣ硢С黭֮ͨ˲ĺ˲
ÿŮ˶뵱ѩÿ˶Ȣѩ使εĻ׻˭ңȴǸҿԡ
Ͷʮ꣬
ëѩգ꾩ڴѩĸ±һƬѩأһŲѩûȣХɪɪ
̫̫շһ˵׵ýˣǰѾ߽ý˸˳ȥϢʹ̸ 
˵ýģǸڵˣ˵ҵֶӣֶʲôˣ˽ʿл޾λԼ̳УģҲ̫̫ǰڣǼҹﵱʲôˣʲôèȢ𣿡Ѿ߳һм
˵ֶڹӼ飬˵ҪвţҪòòʮϽֻҪˣ㲻ûǰ;
Ǿˣ¶䲻ǼҵĵճŮ
λʦƷ̫Զǵ͵۵Ľʦ˼ϥµĵճŮѩԶĸαܾ¼ûıŮӣѩʮˣȴûж
йģԷûоλоλģԷ֧زùͥԱһģ˼Ҽ岻֦Ҷï
֮ܶۺ벻ãҶܼͷԷë
Ѿü˵ûǹﶼʮˣٲ˵ףͳϹˣһȥͲ˰
ʲôƾǹĲѧƷòϰʮҲ޲ȥѩһһţһ̬ʮϣ״໨׵ĻƿѩĹ뷿ˣŲѾߴҴ̸š
ĽŲһ٣Ѿ˵ʥּʥּˣȥּ
üͷһ壬˲ԼͬسݵĴſȥ
ɫѩŷ٣ͷϲŰӣϴźʯ׹ӳŴѩ׷ɵѩ׵úܷ⣬ˡ
Ż
ѩ΢΢ף߰ɣͬȥּ
ּǻźĸ߹˵󣬸߹չʥּ
ˣʵگԻ̫Զ֮ճŮѩ󷽡غƷòڣ̫޹֮ã¥ѳ꣬ʻȢ֮ʱͶʮ¶顣⣬ʹ֮մˡ
ţ˶ڲ֮С
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¥ʣ
ëѩ׷ѩǷĴѩҪ֣˸ǻ㵻Խֱܵѩվǲ΢ָһЩ
߹ΣԶˣּɡ
ѩԶǸȻضԸ߹ͣ游ʹˣһϥǾ۵վ߹
޷߹ǰԶ
ȴԶһס
Զʮ꣬Ѿ˪ˣ˿˵ﲼɺѪ˿ŵŸ߹¥ʣ
߹̾ϢʥּۼҵǲţԼɡ
Զùʥּһѽʥּ򿪣ƵʥּһһдʮްԶֻһѪӿһ˵ͻ˹ȥ
游
ף
ү
ˣ
գһͻʥּƷ̫ûȥʹ꾩ĴСТ˶²Ϲ˼ֻ̫Ҫջس
ܿϧûС
ʱѾҳһࡣ
ԶŴӲһ¾ǽʥȻ鷿һʱֻһ仰ʥּ£ջسҪ޸£
Զ˫һٴλȥ
Ͷʮ괺ڣ˸ɥԾƵʱ̾͵ʱ̾һѩĻ£̾
һʥּò˼еľɫѩ͸¥ʣ˷׷׶̾Ϣʻʻע㣬ʺգյ
¥˭
꾩ºܶഫ˵
˵书ߣɱ˲գۡ
˵檳ȺɫɫͿ塣
˵ǸѪĴħͷÿ춼ҪѪޱȣĿ
˵Ǹӣ̥ԴͶֶѡУֻʣһʱп˫һȥ
ɫĲŮѩȻҪȼ޸ˣβ˶̾Ϣ
ѩʥּº󣬱㽫Լ̸δüõҪ̽л
ʱֲ˭˭Ǽ⣬˭
¶ñԤи죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾͵ѩ޵ա                        
лҪ˵ķǴԽŮŰϲղءۣĽӡôôաϲĬĬָѧлл

 2 


ѩ˸γϵĿ̧ĻΣ׵ʱȴ¥ʴý¥εؽͣ¥ʻţֻίһ˰ˡ
ö첻ˣʲôף
ҲЦϡ档
ͷסߣѩǣźһ˰ݵذݸãб˶ĵʹʻϼżȼյĺ򽫶װʮϲ죬ѩߣͷϷصĴͷѾѾȡȴԾɾԼĲ۵úܡ
һתͷƳڴϵǸӡ
ûѹ˵ʱпȥ
ǸӣһŲ԰׵͸û洫Եǰª෴üĿ߱촽΢ģ⾫¡
ǲ԰׵ɫһƵģֻϧ̫ˡ
¥˵¥Ѿ˯꣬һţһҪ
ѩջĿ⣬Ȼһ仰ˣ顣
ˣӽԼɷˡ
ūڴμĴϰ̺˴˯ڴϣū澾˯ڴԱߵϸҹһ߸ѩжλһߵ˵
ѩ˵ͷ
ڳǰѾúȻעҪ޸¥ʣúýʵϾ̾ϢԹ˶ûõģֻ·ǰߣֱǰû·
Сĵس¥ʣ¥˵ʮֿ£Ȼ̲ס£ȻֻǰڴϣܾһпܻͻȻҧסǼҹĲӣǼҹѪɡ
үһֱô죿㵣ǵʣһֱѣͻȻˣǼҹǾҪػѣ
ѩĦԼָ⣺ٽйˣøĿˣʡñס
ǣظ˿ڡ
ѩЦһֱѣҲûʲô
΢㶡
ҹȻǰģѩ˸Σμ˯Է¥ͻȻ˹ӿǸˣоµպ͸Σֽһתͷȴ¶ݣҧѩ׵ľϣ۵˺ѷΡ
ѩȻ˯оѡ
Ѿƻ𣬳󻹸żѾߣʱҲˣջҪлūźϴɡ
ѩͷ޹ʱķ㷿һѾߣѾߺѾߣһ裬һͷ裬ʹ衣
Ǹר̸ͷģ賤һźͰ׵ԲǲЦʱŶ˾ůΪҪصظѩ˸١
Ѿ߸ѩ˴ױ
ǵ͵һĸͬ׵ܵܣ͵ۻ̫ӵʱĻıңʹɱ̫ӺȵۣΪðķս̫Ӻȵ۾ȳ֣Ϊȹ̸յǻ͵۵λãĴս˽ĻԻͺͻϵء
Ϊ̫¥ʵĸ̫ʮ壬Ѿͷ׷ˣźѰ̫̫ʵûжٲֻ̬ΪһЩ
ѩ¸̫ͷ檸̫밲̫򸣽𰲡
̫ߵʹ˸ɫǰѩ̫ѩصذϣ̫ʵ¥ʻûѰɣ
ѩ̬ʮֹ̫Ļү˯š
̫Щʧת¥岻ãƽʱչЩˣ͵һʱ˸ңҺȥȻ޸ҪúŮ롷ûУ
ѩЦݺǴݣ
Ůĵ£Ϊ޸٣Ҫˣ¶Ҫ¥ΪȣΪĵأĪһУķѹ̫
ѩ΢Ц檽̫̻塣
ȴ룬¥ܲδ֪̫˵ЩδΪʱ硣
̫ȥʺ󣬻ʺʮжüãʮĸˣʮӺݻ󣬻ʺǹеǷӦ»ĻͿʼ̫һ䡰ĵ£Ϊ޸١ѩһĻ΢Ц뿪˻ʹ
ڳϵЦһգоԼҪЦˡ
̽׼õů¯ݵѩϣָⲻСѩָô
ѩغ˺ģڹأů
̲סԹ޸˵ֶأȻ˼ûоλǺôƷҼ׻ڳлδҲǲܵģү߰㲻˵ǸĲӡ
ĻҪᣬͷЩĶҿɱס㡣ѩ
Ӧصǣ
صҪȥػ밲ӴԺʮ֣ѩ̤ӴԺĴţݵķԶԶ˵Цóţһ˸ӴԺ·Ѿȥݣһ߽ȥѩ˵һ
һ־̾
ɨŵˣѩǰػй񣺡ĸ밲
ػüŹԼǰѩսȻǰƷױģϵ֬ЩأڸɫԾڲסһ绪
ոյ֤
ػ䡣

 3 

ػڶμѩףͷһλڻʺٰĹϣҼһΣʱѫ֮ҵŮŮӼѩɫ
Ů÷ˣ˫
ػ䲻ϲ˵Ǻձػ¥ʵĸӵһܻŮ˼޸ԼĶӣܲҵģ¥ʵĸ
ѩڼ֮ǰ´۸ӵĹϵ
¥ӣһ¥ʺ¥ĸڶ¥̵ĸǰػ䣬ػĸƷ꣬ػͷһصңҲְԶ˵ǣϻصҾͻλá
¥ǵճŮɷǴ˾ֵ¥˼꣬һŮ꣬ʱ壬δϵڶӣڷҹòס
¥¥ӣү¥ĸѾˣҶϧƷղҶĵĵŮڼе
¥ĸػźӷɷֵĵŮڼŵڶ˵Ǹʮ־ǿɵŮӡ
¥̽ʮ꣬δɻ飬ͣ˵򸾵ĳ谮Ҳֻػ䡢Ҷϧͷ¥̡
»һθ밲ѩҪž裬Ѿ߶˷Ųѵ̹ѩȡѸ߾ͷĸò衣
ػ˲ѣ˲裬ȴδѩ˹˵սкܶزȽΪϱӦر̷֣š½ŮɷΪƽҪˣӡ 
ػߴһѡĵ¡ľ̫ͻʺûһ˵ö࣬ۿյʱϢعȥˣػȴੲݡ
ѩϥѾЩ顣
Ϊ̫ĵճŮѩڼνǽʱС֣㹻զզϰ죬ֳˡ
⻹ѩһι˰յʱ䶼û˽ģףػڳ»δȵʱ
ػߴߴУһյʱϢعȥˣػԼ˵òˣѵ˿ڲں˵ɡ
ѩȴδ
ҶϧͷϱϰϷʱҲ֪ѩ׼˼
ػ䳶˳ǣôˣԸ
ĸĻҲԸʵΪʱѩһΪѣˣˣĸˡ
ػɫ˲ѿԸϧĵ÷
Ҷϧü˳۵ǰȥѩѩСͷʱѩʢװ磬Լ֪ջѩ棬صؽԼһǲ̫ѿû뵽һͿ
ѩ沣ʵǺ޹ʡ
ѩҶϧֱվЦҶϧлԱ߾ػָʾѩܵλǶүӶҶϣλүӷϡ
ѩĿ⳯ȥԲ٣ͷϱŴ޻ĿѩʱҲںεشѩ
ĸ˵ϱϱСųϱܸɣʡ͵ĵƣػ䣬ֺӦ
ն̱ӣѩǳϿ̫̫Ļ 
沼ѩˣȻѵү㣬λ밲ء
ʵЦɣһûɩɩء
⻰£ſڳһλտƳ۵ӣӷڣΪܶɹЩڵмδȥۣһ˫۾С¹ƵģתһȦѩϡ
ʮ¥Լɩɩ˰Σ̲ס̾˵ҵճŮòɣһԳϲҡ
ĸ˵ˣλү̫ãΪڷ絲꣬סеǹô¡
ܶԼɩɩ˵Ļ
ѩ˸壬񡣡
¥Цµ꣬Цʱִĵů⣬߽ݣߵ£еʣɩէɻϰߣ
ֹеĻʵڲӦ¥ʣѩֻǸӰԴشԻϰߵģĸλɩɩһҪ飬ȸˡ
̬Ȼ㹧ȥȺҲãʮִ󷽵ذˡ
ѩǰŸ̤ɽԺǰү밲ˣ³үǶ᷿ţе࣬Ҫи׼
ѩһ᷿ߣһʣеǶ٣

 4 

һšôˣɫУҪ򶨣óĿЩɫˡ
ѩЦδȢ޾ҵ꾩Ƕ¥ʵãһʹڣȻоŸ
һҪôʲôã
ܿܳԣ
᷿ߴߴģѩԶǵЦһģεεģεεһţ˶ۡ
һȺݺݺֵʱ򣬺Ȼſڲ֪ʱվ˸νٵƽɫŮӣŮӻ빬ʱŻϵĴױ˶˵ſڣѩ׷ԺѩıĵԽׯ£Ц
ݺݺǺȻҩƵģһֶ˵ˡ
֪¥ȢĵճŮŮ˸ɫ˭۳˭ǵһˣԶ˵ѩ˼̻ǽΪǹȵĿޣէȻˣһģԲλ˵
ǴƵļƶϵȡٷķۡݺݺ㿴ңҿ㣬̶׷ųѩ
ѩĿбӵ߽ȥ˶Ļ۴ӣǰӹĶѩλ£ʮ嵭ɡ
ɨľŸңԣɫС
ķԲֿɰҦĿĻѰͨĹѩһɨȥоԼڹ仨԰ӡ
Ǹص㣬ߵġֵġġݵġ޵ġԼġġͨġɫòϴԼ¥ʵҪ
ǱѩòüżʱѩȻʵǶүԴظģ
㿴ңҿ㣬û˸ʱ򵱳ͷ
ѩʣ˭Ƚ
κһ߶µūū澡ūȽ
˵ҦֵģʤСȥСұƵģЩɰѩʣˣ
ū澽ˣнϵġҦش
ôģѩʡ
ǡҦ˵ʲôݵĻϰû˵ڡ
ʻʲô˵ʲôʲô˵ʲôµģظ飬߶£ѵƽʱôûйزɣ
ҦﵨСôһͨѵ⣬˵̾˳ࡣ
ūŶ͸үģүƣū澣ūū澳ô󣬻δƵˣһʱЩţ¡
Ŷӣ
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Ҧ컹ͦģѹ궼ȥˣûбϳȥ
ݺݺǲ֪λε׳ĳϷΪѩҪһǵʼ𸹸壬ѧҦǰһ߻ػһߴһλĲʺƨɽԺҲùЩ˭֪ѩȴǻһתֱӴǵͷ
裬λŪдСӽҡ
ѩ߰Ѿˣ֪ѩİ·Ӧеģһ⡣
ҹ˯磬ѩʮ㣬طȥˡ
ʱѾ׼Сӣǳд˸λϡ֡䡢ߡءسͽԭѩһһȥûκһ¥Լġ
ŸŶ͵ģһ͵ģһڲĴ͵ģҵģһ̫͵ģһ¥˼˼ҷҪģһ̫͵ġ
ǰǰպþŸ
ǽһźӣദûֵͦģǲ֪꾩ȦӣʲôʱʼŮˡ
¥ҲǸɣ߲ܣֻҪͣղ
ѩһаһ߿Сӣص̫Ӻ̫͵ϣ̫͵޶ĿĻ̫͵ѰͨĹ
ԭ̫ߵʱ򣬽ִ̫£Բ¥źȻ¥ʹ̫ĺ⣬źһֱС̫࣬һһ
˵С̫¥ʴӹҪģӴ߾ûбźˡ
䴫ԣ¥Ůͨԣб̬ãԲӹҪС̫ɽԺѩС̫࣬ģȷǺÿġ

 5 

̫һ޶ĿĻ¥ʣΪʲôȻضᣬ޷Ǿǿ¥ϲŮˣһÿĸ
ǻ￴źñӺ۵ģ涼ѹûбôмֺӣ
ѩһζЩй¥ʵĴ÷ԷĴԱʾɡ
ĥţ໨ɵСڣʱ䵽ˣүóԷҩˡ
¥ʵһ뼦࣬ҩһҩžܲһѩó˿ǵݸ
үҩͰιүʡÿү
˿ϵãҹүιҩʱóһţʱ룬ȿҩүôˣ
ĶĸҾܾؽˡ
ɲ˵үĶΪλòദĻ۽ദֻı
λֻ²Ǹʡͺǵġ
¥ιιҩʱ򣬺ȻоˣͷѩĿ⣬һĵôλ·û𣿡
ѩ˹ٴĴϣү˯೤ʱˣ
սսػش𣺡Ͻգպðꡣ
ѩΪʲô˯ôʱ䣿ж˻̱ˣ
˿ڿˮСػش𣺡жʲôūҲиүҩūÿհʱүҩҲ֪үʲôʱŻѡ
У
ѩ˵ˣ˵Ǹö֣ҲǸⶾ֣˵¼ûжнⲻ˵Ķ
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үôжѩʡ
ҡҡͷūŲ֪
Ϊ֪Բûشѩȴʮ󣬶˵¥ʺǬͬһԺζĲµļһ׸ʲô캦ŻжüֵĶ
ѾιҩֻʣСһ˿ǻûιԭѩ뿪Լ͵͵˿ǳˣ˭ѩȴû뿪˼
ĵүɲūҪǵģҪԵģҪ˿ɵūſûйϵ
Ȼſ˦뷨˿ι¥ʵ
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գѩȥȥػʰ
ģϹ˰ʱػӴµСµĸ̵ֽѩϥֺףüź۵òˡ
죬Ҳ֪׼˼ÿ춼˹ԼôϰʱԣǶ˵ƿʲôƿףūֻЫһ۵ظѩҩһѹԹ
ô۸ţɲаСܵĥ˵Ŀࣿȥǳ֮ưôã
ѩͷ˴Լ׵ϥǣĿܵò˶õģٵȵȡ
ܴ˺ӣʼǧ˿ƵĹϵʲô˿ο̫Ůǻ˲Ŀ⡣
Ľмʡкõġлġ
ֻҪһȣȻΪͷ
ѩ˯𴲣źż˷ܣ洫ԣ˵»鲻գվվˣոȥ˹뿪ʱɫѿ
ѩ££ɢҵͷЦˡ
ǵʦŮǿȼ޸¥ί޽Ҫŵĸֵѣǻϵּͻ飬ڴԼʦ
Ӣ͵µ飬̫һͲӦ
ȻػȫѩϣѩѾͣˣɫȫҹ֮ǰмֻعⷵյ˼ɫ
ػӹ󣬴ĸѾߴӴžֱɽԺˮڱλϣǶȥлҪ˵
Ȼػ˷߲ƣ輸οףһʱûŲŲ
ػ䣺ôҪǣ
ѩʣ裬ȥ
Ҫػ䵽ʲô
ѩɽԺź򶼷׷˳ȥػȴ˳ȥһš
⣬ػڣֻûôˣѩܲס˻ȥֵ֪̫ͨҶճѩֻ棬㵱ϵ㣬ȥүȥ

 6 

ĸҵ飬Ⱦͳ塣
ڣػǳ¡
ѩ˶˵վţ֪ҷʲôĸҪ󶯸ɸʹң
ػ䲻ͣһ֣ӱǰһ˿סѩһֱֻۣӲѩڵϡ
ػüѩߵҵС㣬û뵽㾹ȻˢӣŲ죬ҳ˸ƿ
ڵϵѩĿܵػΪ˿壬ҪΪǨŭң
ӡĸе˳Ȼ
ҼΪţнְŲգػֻڽʲôйءػ
ѩԭԼĶϱڵϹҲһֽҼ̫ͻʺﶨҪλ˼Һú˵˵ĽʽǱһҽŲգ͸ô۸Ƶ𣿡
ػЦֻڽء
ߵʹɫǿӴһ룬ȡһֳϸģǰѩǰסѩ֡
ѩеˡ
Ǵû뵽ػĵӾȻö֮ضԼ̣ܹϸϵĴʹУʱͷƤ顣
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ѩָеϧôƯ֣룬ɾòˡ
ѩ
ػӸµԸҿͷϴҾͷŹ㣬Σ
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ѩһ־ס͡
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¥ţȴмؿѩҵĵճŮ

 7 

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ϸǰŮˣ¥ЦԲ顣
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¥Ц
үɫãȻһҵ鷿л˵
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˵գүҵؿ˼Ȼػ뿪ɽԺ
һʱĬΣѩгԸѾʰӣ˸¥ݲ裬Ѿ˲ֶ˹ѵݵ¥ʵǰЦȲ裬ѹѹ
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ţԭԵĶǺСŹǣѩĬĬ룬λүһͲǺǵģո˵Ǹӡ
ճȺˣҪŪԼһֻǰף
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ڼҵʱ򻹺ãǷΣʱԿˣɲλ˼ҹģТ
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ѩ룬ǧ򴩣ƨλүˣܹø̹ǼƤӹѣڷҪǧСļӡ
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˵䣬Ѿ޺Ŵ֮Ѹѩզࡣ
˰ЧʹȻߡ
ֹ˰յʱĺСŹǱ˿ѩۣڵֻһѰʢõĴһС׷һСŹǣֻǵļȫСŹǡ
ѩƣһСŹԼܳ졣
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ѩ˵үˣ̽үѾ᷿ˣҪǽ𣿡
ѩѾСŹڿϿ¥ʣ̬Ծɢģ˴ڵⶼ͸һǿʱҲ˼ĵĸо
ʵү˵ˣҪ𣿡
¥бۣһʱĳֹǵѩһֵͳɤӦŽ
ѩ΢Цתߡ
¥ʣȥĶ

 8 


˶࣬Ҹλáѩ
¥ʵָָָĿλã
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ܿ죬Ÿͱ˽
¥ʣһϲڵϸ¥ʿͷ
޶ĿĻĨ᣺үˣūԲ˯ţиҲѲˣ챣ӣƽ¡
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ԲֿɰҦĨ᣺үū澿ּˣԵӣÿɽˣūһҲûм

һһ䣬¥ǰͨԼ¥ʵĸ鲻ڡǺºϲѩһĻ̧ȴ¥˿Ϊӡ
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ѩ
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ŶԭҲѩ޸ң
¥ȥʣмѫ֮ԸŮ޸ģѩ˵ϱСģ˼Ҷ㻹ʥⲻΥҲȢ
¥Ȼ⣬һѴ¥ù񵥣ȻǲϲңҸӦǼҲǡ


 9 

»кҲת˳ȥ
ѩæŵɽԺĲã¥ҲǸˣźֻС̫࣬סӸɱֻд͹ӣװûУ̸ʮǧ
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ѩȥ
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Ѫ
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ѩҲû룬߸¥ʲǵѪ˿źԱЩæҵүôͻȻѪˣ

 10 

Ҳ֪żͷǺ¥ʱ˯úúõģǺȻžͷŴѪ
ūŲѾȥҩˡ˵
¥ʾǲãֽѩƿ˭ģȥ
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ˣȻ֡
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ѩް
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ѩоԼ˼ҵƨɣҲת˳ȥ
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μӻδء
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ѩͣү廹δã䣬ǻݰɡ
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ѩĻ˵ʥּ
ʱ˿̣ѩĶ˪ΧѩߣһСѩû۸һСسڵ̫ʦϵ¥ʡ
ѹԴӽźһûпԣ˵岻ãòǸưͰɣ


 11 

¥Ϊѩ޿κΣҵĳǶ¥ʺҲûҪ󣬶һôžôŵ̬ȡ
ѩͣǣ岻ãûо񣬲˵
ʾ⣺ĸǲǸͲϲǼңͲϲĸ
ѩԴҪֻҪ˪֪ˣ岻õƢ̫ãҪǴ֪𣿡
ֻʮһСһͷ
ʱѾ˽ڵ˺ҵĹ֪ҪţصعѾ˴ˣԺ
ԭ»ɷڱְ˰ý»ҲͶԵһȥͳѡ
»ԼֶýΪԼмֽ飬ῴϿһû뵽»δȱ̫̫ܾˣѩɻգ˽¸˵ֶӺá
»ʱ룬ŮȥֶӶϣǼѩ޸ªɱħŮ˵ĵڶͶ̥ѩⱲǳ׻ˡ
»ŮпЦ˼
ѩ¶ϲɫˣ
»Ůѩǹкѣѩûг޵ʱྭѩһѩԱʥּͻδκκѣ˵ˣȻˡ
»ʱѩǼ̫̫»ĿɨȦֻһԴ̫̫֣Ϊֻҵݣû¥ʵķ룬Ͼɻ鵱նûгֵˣλڽճ֣
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˵ӳªգѩŵӣҲ֣ѩ޹ȥʲôӹӴ»һϧѩֵӣ̯һӯòªɷ򣬿ɿˡ
ѩͻĹеֲͣԱߵеصѩÿɺã
ͦõģѩش˵ҵ飬ʵ˵ҲˣǰδǳĹӣ
ӵص˵ͷǰʱǸϰ꣬͵͵һ棬ǸƷòڵӣ˵ڹӼ飬Ҫˡ
ѩΪˣϲĹӵȷǲġ
˵ˣ㣬ôүţѵӵòªԸҳˣʵ
ССĵ⡣
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ҲգҲա
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ʱէȻ¥ʾɣ»ϰζûзӦ»ոջ˵¥ʵĻû뾹Ȼ׽סˣʱǺ¡
¥˹վش˸Ƿ
ѩȻ
ȻξҲסӵзɽӰŵ¥ʣֻӰһΣѩǰӳһӰ̶ѩĲҽ
ֻգ۵Ĺ¥ʾ»һֻ֣ȴûƵģµϣͷ¡
»۵ֱ̫̫ԺʱɧϽǰ»һ߷Ըˣȥ̫ҽ
ŵöͷðһϸϸܵ亹»ֹסز
ȴκõѩ
Ǵһ

 12 

»ھʹ֮¶¥ʹдûйסֻͣ¥ʣ˸ӣҲ˵˼䣬㾹ȻͶԸ洫һǸĺĴ֮ˣǸûСӣ
ѩҪֹ»ѾˣλҲ֪ǲƽʱˣͶһžģ¶²ϡ
Ȼٶȶ񻯡
¥ʹȰ˻δӦʱѾ»ʺ»áȻֹԲ۾¥󱳱ųһ亹
ڲ
¥ʵĺֻҪһ֣Ƿܻ»ĺܣѹЦո˵Ļ˵һ顣
»в£ĸٿڣսս¥һСľҪ
˵¥Ǹɱ˲գ۵Ķħ˲Ѫ飬ɱ޴ĺӣҲɱ˹ݵĵ
ǳҩƵģŵðֶҿԡ
̫̫Ȼվŵ¥ʣ¥ɱˡ
¥üĿоż׽͸׹⣬»Լŵ˵䳰ô˵ˣող˵ͦ𾢶ˣ
ѩǰֹһסôʱ¥ʵˣ¥˺ѩѩǰȥ
˪µ̫̫㡣
ѩ֣ߵ¥ʵĸǰ뽫¥ʵĽƿһЩ¥ʵȴ΢΢һѩƻһѪڡ
̫̫ˣŭɶ¥ʣ
һ̧žҪȥѩѩֹ̧ѩоϴĵʹ۵üͷһţү侲㡣
¥ЦҺ侲㣬ҵĽϴտɲʲôǵ
ѩʵǺµģϱѪںʶ¥пܻɱ»ʱȴòӲͷƤǰ
ֹ¥ʣǻ
˿ڲԣȷдȣҲﲻҴǸӺ˼ƽϣɺã
¥ʣá
ѩΣ
¥ʣ¸ϴɣһһãͲƽˡ
ѩȰο¥ʼ䣬Ȼδڣȹȥ¥ʿͷү֪ˣٲұӵǷǡ
ѩȻмѹ¥˵Ҫ¹ϴ㡱仰ѩеǷѹ˶㡣
αطҪֵôѿأ
»һ¥¹ϴҪǴ˳ȥˣ
Ȼ¥ĵģ᲻ص»ľһͣѪ˿ðճǶ̬»˫һ˳ƹȥ
ѩ˱۾
»ҵĲǣү˴Źҡ
¥һգ鼫õ̫ʦϣŶʹԱźѾߣˣһһѡ
˵䣬ѩæ»ѾҩѩֹѪǸ⣬»̫ҽ˾͵̫ҽ˸㿴߰ɣǱǸдܡ
»˶ʱ¥ϵʹ񾭷飬̫ҽһ䣬˦סֻ֣δϵͳߡ
һǸȻȥǡ
ߵԶˣȻңңػͷ¥ʡ
һۣѩͷһ
ĸŮˣ̫̫ŭص¥ʣѩɷΪҪǲϲŮдһֽ飬ѩҲǷҪġ
¥ʱ鵭ʥּͻ飬ҿɲд
̫̫һţ㲻дҲɣѩͲȥˣӽһӣκ¡
¥ʵЦаǲ֪Ϻ̫᲻Ϊӻʶ
ѩ
вǲ̣Ҳ޴ӷ
̵ָ̫̫ΡΡָ¥ʣв̫ţҰֻŶ̤ײĵʲôһͷײڹǰҲҪûϺ̫ŹҼѩ
¥ʣҲУһͷײˣѩⱲֻ¶ֻܻ֮ˣҪҸضȹֻֻˡ
̫̫
δɵĳСӣŮҸƲݣԸȥ粻ӷԣš̫̫Լһ֡
ѩĵĸֻûá
Ȼ¥ʵѩȻ޸ңҵˣȻҷԣֻôˣɣھ͸һɽԺ

 13 

̫̫
ҧгݵ̫̫δɵСǰݺݵԡ
¥ȻЦҪԺСŹǡ
̫̫ݣԸүһݺСŹǣҪܰүʡûҵıŮ
˵ȥѩ֣۵ôĵڣ϶۰ɣ˰̿ôӴѩֿǵٻѽ
ѩ̫̫Сˣ£ĸġ
ôܲģֵ̫̫¥ʣҲ֪һСôôݣװ۵ֶܻӽȥôܹúã
ֻ̫̫Ѿ飬ѩöˣҶܹõģĸͱˡ
¥ţֻЦ
ʱҲһĳü̫ʦϰ˷粻¥ʣ˵˼СģտǰĸŮúˣҵĹϵֻܱˡ
ѩϹϵģû
¥ʼĸŮŮЦģкοɽģҰǽǴܣǲлұˣȻԹˡ
̾˿⺢ӣԸҲ̫ƫִЩ˺ôǱ£Ҫȥ򴦴ˣǸǻ
¥ʺνңǡ
⻰ɾͲˣŮȻҲˣͬһ֣ѩʧȥһѡ˵
¥ߵѩǰЦʣúܿϧ
ѩȻΣգѡ˸ʮпϵĻش𣺡ү˾ͺá
ȻҵĺӣҵΪȡ¥ʺ⡣
̫̫ѩίȫӣȻᣬѩǱҴС赽ıǺ»ˣˤ˵ģôӣô죿
ĵʱԶɽϳˡ
һţ̫̫ŸģµӣԶɫɽе⣬Ϊɽǰû¥ʡ
¥λүͷǳ󣬼λ񣬷һ䣺λˣʱҲ˰ɣҶˣ
Զ˳üú¥Ըڷɡ
̫̫Ҫ¥ʵ뷨Ҳûʵ֣ר̸¥Źǣ¥һ˸˸ɾеδ˼
̫̫͵ѩ˵ôܳôࣿ
ѩΪǳŹ̫óˡ
ŪûУʲôʻ
ѩش𣺡˵ж
ô᣿̫̫ܳԾ
ѩһ֪ҲҲûðǷİɣҽ⼸գû۸ҡ
ѩңӲǰŲŻȥ¥ʾȻĵûдߴ˻صʱɫѾڵóףйµרڴǰѩ
ūȥһԺ
Ժ¥ػסĵطأѩ¥ʻӦȥԺĸʰģλֻ˵ѩȥȻû¥ʻȥʰ
ѩ뵽ǺֶΣʱͷƤ飬ȥؿ¥ʣȻ¥ȴһδӣֱɽԺ
ѩ
ˣԼϱֻ֪ܿʥּͻ飡
񶾵˾͸ù¹һ
ѩ΢Ц֪ˣȥ
һԺѩүĿǴŵȥͨȴѩڳϵţµ䣬ҹӣѩеܲˡ
ۣ裺վ̫ˣ˲ɾͲˣɷ᷿ȣ
üۣ˵ˣȡ
ǡ
ϱţȣȣĻּۻ۵ģ費ͷشϳĻѵɣ
ѩԸ㣬졣
ѩһȣǴʱվ˫ȶˣѾ̵س˸˵
үĿѾЪˣѾ˯ˣѩػػŲѵյ飬Ϊһм㡣
ѩЦºͣĸ˵ЦˣҵţȻӦ
㻹ʶ࣬սֻΪ˸㣬ټԺҵƿ֮УĪҪе˼ùӳԡػв
ĸﻰ޴ӷֻһŰүչ˺þͳɣȻĸ˵˶˵󡢺ơദܲûԼѩЦݵǺöΪк˭ҲǶԷĴ˶վߣЩҵˣȻҲ䲻úá
ػвң

 14 

ĸˣֻ˵Ǻö˵ҽҲգҹ˫ȷ飬ָվһʱʵ벻ףкγԹֵͷεҡ
ػץסһ˼룺ֻڽء
ѩĹƨѾҶ˼ȥһ㣬ĥҲΪϲүԸүֻתͷԸүϱɲ֪һ仰ûУ
ػʶʣʲô
вرУѩĿͬҹеĺ磬ʲô⣬ΪǵȿĲèҾͰѻˣӽٹΪңҲϱϵ
ѩ»һ°ڣѾ뿪Ժ
ػ䱻ûҧҧ¥Ǹ֣ѲһһսƤûвŮޣѩҵš
صɽԺһţͿ¥ʵľŸųһվŸƴĳѩ˴̶µλϡ
̶˲赹ˮŶźѩ
ѩƵغ˿ڲ裬Ȼ󽫲ѶȡůЩһæҪǰҡ
λңԸ
ǼЩ˵õóֵģѩʡ
վ˳ͷΪ̫͵ģУĵλʼҪһȣū澼Ȼ˵϶ãһȴǲڻµģ֪к·Ը
ŮŮӵı޿ΣҲѹ־Ÿó
ѩҪ磬һ٣͸ĸһٻţ͸ãţȻӣȻѡϣСǾͲźˣɡ
ĸ︩Ӧǣ
ʱͽ˾ѩеɾ͸УֶʣµĸҼǵǵóӣ
վ˳һǻһ̫͵ģλȻҪһȣѩ͵ǽջȥ󣬾ͰԼӶһӳȴˣһͬҸ
Ȼ֪ѩҪʲôǼȻѩԸˣǱҲֻӦǡ
ʣһҦһѩ˷СӣҦóţźˣǸʵ˵
ûʲôóİѩеʧӣͶСǿܹȰɣ𣬴ӽʹҦߡ
룬ƺ־е㲻ʣҪǲ̫˵ˮƽ
ˣŮʦߣרĴӣľһŮʦѧߣһİţãѩСӣֺ˿ڲҪˣǵˮ׼ͱõҵǰۣĶҿͲֵġ
Ƿ׷ӦԸ
ѩźǣоԼҪ࣬ʱ˿ĸо˲ѵҪϾȥ죬ˣȥϢɡ
Ƕɢˣˮźѩϴԡʣ߱ˣΪʲôҪʦأ
ѩԼůˮЦԺ˿ζҵǾͻѰҵ鷳æ
˵뵽õķӡ
ѩҵòֵģǲߺû۹⣬㣬һȥ߷ʦ
ЦӦˡ
Ҽ¥ʵĶ˵ѩİţλﶼ˵ҪŮʦ飬󶼲ҪʰˣҲҪǰźѧߵѧߣôӵĴӣš
һ߸¥ʴţһЦūſ̫ˣԲصӣǶԼԺ徲ˡ
ֻ
¥ʾûô򵥡
ŮҪǲ뿴Щ֦չԼԺæˣûҪר̸ʦǣ«ʲôҩ
¥һͷЦ̧̧ţЦʲô

 15 

ūֻǾɽԺȻˣūȥԺǱ߷ʲôū˵ڳվ˴ʱȼ仰ͽҧгݣϧūû˵ʲô
¥ʵüûá
ֻǺǵЦǣūûãүþˡ
գѩȥػʰҶϧͷѾˣ¶еıĵջţ˵һȥˣЩ˰ɣ
öˣѩЦº͵ػش𣬡ңŹء
ҶϧѩСİŹǵġ
е룬Ҷϧ˵˵ص㣬ص¥ʰŹص¥ˣĻ˵ķˡ
ʹˣ¥صظ˵£һ˵һ߰̾أ֪ܳŵʲôʱﻹҪĵܳģ㿴ĵǸӣ첻ɱ˾ǴˣԼòģγŵ
;¥Ķ䣺ôţӻȥǵÿ¥ʲɣû¥ǾͻȥǲǣҸ¥ǲҲˣˣҪּңּң
¥ðӴģĸأʲôң
ʱ룬ػܶʲôã
Ѳ¥ʵ
ֹؿѩ컰׻˵˵˵ķˣ£ģ
²ţ´ǧû뵽ô͵õϢ֪ү֪֪飬˼ʲô̬ȡ
ѩţȻһͷͼ¥վѩæͷ
¥ŭһҶܴˣܺãˣȥǸӸҽ
ԭү֪Ҳԣ¥ڸϢȻûôֻͨ¥ʽ׼ʲô
ҶϧͷԹվţ˵
ػ䳶˳ǣ¶ֵ֮ɫѩʱ;ãҪãȻô룬ͼػʮ֡ᡱذүһľ
ѩľ뵽¥ǽʱҪѪ壬ü
¥ʱɢſһվĵ¥ʲô
үʣľͳ¥ʵҡ
ѩԼǾԼͻȻ񾭣ȻҲû룬¥ʵϣľ׼شѩĺϣ۵˲ðǡ
ѩԼ̾Ҫȥıߡ
ǲף˸ȥ⣬ܾϾûѩӣһСģһʥּȻͽ
꾩ǣ˭֪Ǹӣ
ɱ飬մ˶ѪҲᣬһ飬ǼֱѰȫܱȡ
ӲĸӲ沲ϱֵܲ
ѩѣûҪһ鶼˳ΰ־Ҳ뵱˳̵ɢŽɫԵʥĸǣ¥ʺôҲɷܲؿԼǰ¥Ӵ
һݶˡ
ѩ¥ʵϣоԼȫֱүĺݣҪ¥򰡣¥ʵ廹ûкء
ⶼЩʲô£
δΪӵ¥סˣʶĲѩĶֶ٣ð춼ûлع
ȷӦػ䣬Ȣϱǲͬˣ㸸ǰȢһϱ
¥棬ѩ뽫ֵ̫ѿûػĻֱֱоһʹϮǿţ¥ˣ²¥ʡ
¥ĬѩȻΪ¥ʵӡ
ѩ֪һţרЦģԽһֱ˵¥ʵĲǣ˵Ҽ˸߰ɷ򣬸
Ļ˶٣Ǿ䡰ûĻʵ̫ˣٴν¥ʵ˰̣ЩֵĻʵ˵ڣҶ̣ο¥ʣ¥̣Ϊж
ڰ˰˲¥ĹӣȻ˼
ǰȥĵغȻ˵壬ĲȣҵĹܲסԼ죬Ҳվסһ֣ͱˡ
ҶϧæͣǰǰҪϸ尡
¥ڰ֣¥ʣϱȥȥҽŮ
ѩ֪£ǵΪֹˡ
ѩȴû¥ַĳ㣬ѾƵĿ첽һ˷ѩ֣һ˷ѩ֣ѩߡ
ʣҪū澱ɣ
ѩҡͷãҿߡ
µ绹ɪѹƵʹ紵ɢƮ¥ʵĶԺв˹һ̣صĹӴĺϣһƺߡ

 16 

ɽԺ۵ֱ᣺үүǴ˵ģүҲǰ˵ģαҪ̯ˮү书׿ܱү򻵣ȴͬС󣬼һΪ֣ġ
谦̾Žż죬͵ˣ̫̫ͷ֪ˣ˯ˣɲˣΣš
ѩһǧ򲻸ãΪ죬ֻͷתעүǴ¥ʵģ
̾˿ð˱Ӹѩ󱳣ôģүүĸٳүʱѲȥˣүүһֱϲ˵Ǵδйɫү֪Ϊʲôʧˣү˵ңû뵽үԼģʱүҲʮء
ѩ֪Ϊ¥ʵʱѲģȴ֪лĹ£Ҳѹ¥ʵǰ壬ûаĻﳤƫִЩ
үҲǵģŮڹŹأ¼ΪѲȥŮ˲֪أôܹүأүһСӤ޹
ѩĵɺ֮˹Ȼп֮ġ
޽֮ǰ̫̫Ǿ͸˵ˮɲ⣬һ飬үڣЩħܹסһүȥˣֳ֪ʲôأҪ̫̫ĻѽܱԼӾͺãȥˡ
ѩ뷨е棬УƬҶմ
̤һ𣬾עҪ
ҽŮҩڷҩҩúܣѩűӲźһھˣСܲҩ࣬һҩ͸оҪ
ȰҩѽȿɲС
ѩŴأӨ׵С˿ϣҲˣҩ̫ˣУУҺȲˣߡ
ֻܼˡ
ҩЧɾͲˣ㲻ͬҽŮ⽻ܼǵġ
㣺ǲȲѽһҩЧҲûУҿǼǰɣܺһһ㣬ܱһ㶼Ҫá
Ǽǣѩǿҩ£ų˺ü۽ɢǹɿζſڴϣоԼеܡ
Ҽհõҩ˸¥ʣ˵˵ҩˣֻҩ˴ǣǿҩȥڴ˶ˡ
¥бۣࡣ
ٺһЦԴһͣȴԾੲݵ˵ʲôɣȻȥǼүӣүĹӰҪӴ
ʮϵ˵ɲǣүүһӴüοҿүذ
¥ʰ룬ƨأŮֻҵע⡣
ֻ¥ע⡱ѩڴǿ´ǽʵʵᵽү˵ڴˣɱˡ
ҽŮÿһһΪѩϵҩһΪѩϵҩϢ֪ôģʹ̫ͻʺĶС
̫վ˴ŮٸѩһѲҩͽ鱦޳йöóЩۻҡ
ϢһߣȻҲ֪ˡ
ѩһѩ󱳺ϵˣ۵Ĩ᣺ϵ˻ûãתְүһӣ֪ˣӦЩ¶ֵ˻ʹǻ֪㱨ϲǣɵҪǡ
ѩȰˣֻǰߣͱȥǰˡ
˵ףܲڣ˵
ĸ֪ˣѩеʡ
أ˭˼֪ҳʱֻ˵ˣû㰤ӵ飬ϧùĸ游ҳŵʱ̾ġ
˵ţмֵ˼㵽ô£СĴѵװǿģλңҲҵͷϲǣƾı£ѵԱȫԼ
ԼŮġ
ѩ治ֻһĻƿ෴Բܵ۹ҲʮϬţǸºһƲϵġ
ѩڨЦʱ֪ôģͻȻһʱҲûü롣
˿ɲѵ𣿡мֺɸ֣ҿɾ㣬¥ʲǸƲ磬ԼҪܺˡ
˵ĲãҲ֪Ƿ޾ȻǷַ˯ģҲãصסصסģ¥ʵ£ǧٲˡ
ͿɲܿƵģΪģѩͷ
˵˺Щûİɣٲˡ֪֪ˣһúġҲᱨϲˣʲôõҾ͸˵֤ߴ֤һѣǿֹͣ˵
֪ؾͺãĲ˵ɲԼˡ
ѩͷ絷⣺һᱣԼġ
ѩ̫߶Ҫߣûͣϳߵǰʱϴ¥ʡ
Ҳ֪ȥһ⣬ſ֮ɫһ֮˵ӡ
Ҳûдкֻվš
һ֣ǲߵˣߵ¥ʸǰҲ˲˵Ļ᲻¥ӣŮȼ޸㣬ˣӴˣĹôĵ£˶ĵأΪĸףĲֻүˣСǱﳤģ찤һһģģҾҲҪߡ
һ˵໰뵽ѩʹģˮ̲סȾۿ
ض¥ʵүˡ
¥ûҲûָ¥ʻӦĶѾˣʣµģ㿴Ҫˣݵҡҡͷתȥ
ȴ¥ʵҴӦ㡣
Ųһ٣ͷ¥ʣĿʮϣллллӡ
Ҽһһ׵ιѩ࣬һιһΪүôһүôҲ͸żţ𣿡
ү⼸첻춼𣿡
û֣ʲôȥˣ㾪ȡ
ʼ磺Ҳ֪ҲϹʣүΪҴ̽٣ŵʱҲûһ˳ŵġ
㲻⣺ôصģǲԵģô˵ҲΪܵˣ̫ﶼʹȴүκεıʾ
ѩ˸Ƿϣ¥ʲôʾ÷ɽӰŰ߷ɵıʾ𣿡
Ծʹ˸ˣүǱˡ
˵ţͼſڳ¥ʵӰŵһЩɳȥƵվ¥һŽ߷ɡ
¥ʲ͵ȥ

 17 

㿴ѩǲģ¥ʳڵʱһĨѩĲӣԭزߡ
ѩǳȥɡ
㻥࿴ֻۣ˳ȥ
ֻʣѩ¥ˣѩ뿿ɺĴӭϣǺЦ¥ʣǸ֪үݹ٣ʧԶӭүˡ
ŽרҵļЦ¥ʾѩ˶͸żּʡ
ڴߵ̫ʦʮȣ󱳿̫ʦεαϣȻüɽӰţ
ѩû뵽ԼĻȻˣʱЩڨڨȻ
ֻǿЦģү⣬ѩڨЦɫˣմûŰɣóԵպСŹΣ
Ϊʲô¥ʡ
ϲŹ𣿸Źǲ𣿡ѩʡ
ΪʲôҪ¥죬ҡƺеݣʵΪʲôҪǰ
ԭ°ѩЦºͣż쾭壬ΪҷҼȼ޸㣬ΪӣȻӦܼر㡣
¥ʣ޸ҲԸ
ǰԸҵ׻Ǽ޸㣬Ҽȼ޸㣬Ŭһӣҹܲ˵ʲôʲôȴܹסԼ˵ʲôʲôѩ
·Ȼ·ֻ˳·ȥŬ·ϵľɾ߳һׯ
ĸ̵µܱ
Ѿ˩һƣһپ٣һⱲµµΪø¿³úþӪµ
ѩЩп¥ʣʱʱȴⱲӾѽǰװһ⣿
¥ʣҽЩҲϲ
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 18 

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 19 

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 20 

ѩŮˣģû뵽ȴͦҲͦ׼ƶͬһطָӡ
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 21 


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¥ʴδԹļ磬ֻڰٸԺĴһŴԲһ˾ΧŴԲԱվ˼źѾߡ

 22 

ԲܴȫҲ㲻ԵӵԲһ㣬ǲר̰ڲˣһתʲô˿ԼתԲϲ㣬ǷݲתԼǰǲר;ˮֹʮȷ
һҵˣ¥Сѩұ
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һһţ˵Цģ͸һɱܰ
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ѩΪ֣пȺã
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Ǹڵ࣬ѩҲûЩķŽĵףԸΪƷζҼȻѾ϶ҲûıҪˣѩ֪ʱ໹Ǽ˼

 23 

ӶϣҵھӣȻ֣µصܾܲôܾˣȥӣɡ
ѩһ¥Ĵдࡣ
һ߽˵ҵĵ㣬㶼ôˣ̸Ȼԭⲻظš
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ͦõģ˵ֿɺˣѩǸȻʡ
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 24 

಻Ȼغ˼վڲԶ˿ڿˮԽҲ˼¥裬Ȼ࿿ȥ
ǰͻȻŴĿĺ˲ͣͣĺۺУֹǵȻӿ죬ɫ糺Ѫ
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Ҫ
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ĸҪ̫λȨصˣҪôһͱٲܷҪô;ԲҪȥǣǹһˣң黹˾˴ӳ飬ѩŽüţ˾˾ˣ򲻶Ա͸¶
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ಢǵȸҵ¥ʵˡ
¥üңҡ

 25 


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ѩڴĿ³صصͷ˾˷ģҶ߾ܲģǷΪδ֪˾˺;ĸҪ԰ꡣ
º͎ü̫̫ôܴӦ˾˰ࣿʲôҪ̫ѵܶȥ飬Լȥðգ
ѩҲ֪һķգº͎üã컹Ѫϵı㣬ѩ޷ȥ顣
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ѩԼ΢ЦǸӣƽϡ
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¥ʲˣҽίˣ
ʮּԭ򣺡Ҫܽн򡣡
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У˵Ҫʲô񣿡عЦЦа˭ȥԴժ㵱ΪļҲɡ
ѩ¥ܵܣ˳
˵ЦˣҶԱ˵ԴȤϴμһүǰ͸Σ
һ̿Ͱĸ¥ôˡ
ѩֹһӣҪʲôˣǰѽЯıô͸㣬͸Ҳʹ˷ѱ
ܼ֣ҶҪֻҪĽ
ôҪϵأ

 26 

ѩĬĬظ̣һ¥ʣһʡĵȥ뽫鷿ϳȥ¥ȴȻˣ㡣
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֣л򡣡
¥ʳ°ͣһµӣѧ򣿡
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ѩԺ檣ҵԺûףҼ쾭ģ㼼áǰӲɣڣ
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ѩһ㶡
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⡭ūҲ֪㲻㹴ү裬үšСػش
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ѩΪӣȥͷɡ
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Сһģѩ֪ԼĽǶмģҲ֪Ҳм֮ģû뵽ȻǰסһתȻͿʼĨԼ
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ǣ¥ʾȻ˽ඪԼƽ¥ǻѵӻΪԼƽΪԼ
Σһ˽˼ҹˮҲݵġ
͵鷿Сĵȥ¥ʵɫؿ¥ʵв̫۵ָӡãֱ
ǼүǺƢ԰ⶼˣǾȻܿؽǵãŮ¥ʵϴգ˻δ¥ʵϣͱ¥һ߷ˣŮ˶߹ǡ
ȴͬ
ĬĬ룬ôүӣ˾ˣô̱أǼүƢԽԽˡ
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ٺٵЦǰūŵڳүãūӵĸū֮ء
¥Ҫ⹷ūЦˣûûƤĶȥۡ
ū͹ӰүŹǵĺ顣Це˵Ȼ˳ȥߵſڵʱʲôƵģת˾䣺үϴŻҪūź𣿡

 27 

ָβһŹǾ׼طɽס졣
Źǳˣлүʹͣ
ѩȥٸԺţ֪մӸһ¥ʰ˼ҹӽ˳Ȼֹܹģ鵽׷¥ʻŮҹϵˮݣ˺ȥǸ
̫̫ĸŮ֪¥ʲǣƫҪȥǴĸԼҲʹ𣿡תͷѩŪûУ¥Ϊʲô
ѩ˿ڲ裺˵Ϊ˵ڼ֮ǰͨԼ¥ʾԼܵ裬Ǩŭ࣬Ž˰ɡ
̫̫һۡ
ĥԶ˵޶ҿȴܾǺԺͦģǲʲô
ȲѩЩˮǺˣûʲôĶ¥ʴˣ𣿡
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ѩĸ￴ŮԽԽ⣿
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ѩʱ糺ѪһΪ飺˵ʲôأ
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ԴԼ΢
¥ʱģЦˡ
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˵գ㽫ʳ÷ݸķߵѾߣճ¯ģɴǳ
ĹŮ̳ӭѩ
ǳǳǰ棬ѩһǳǳס֣Цɩոǻ᲻أ磬ʱ֪𣿡                        
лҪ˵ˣոմAPPԼû£Ͻ̨ô£Ȼó

 28 

֪ҲģĴϲǳǳ
ǰģǳǳѩߣѩ߽ȥ֣澹Ȼˣһ˴ˮٻȹͷϴ鷢üŮΧġ
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ѩǰ񣺡̫
ߵĹŮҲѩ
ǺЦ˵ģ̧ѩضɡ
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ķˬĹѩʮϲ㣬Խӵµӣûκԥ;Ҫ
⼸ҪôڻʹѾûгɢģг˼
ѩС𣬽Ĵôɶźˣ
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Ѿϱīѩ׵ִֽ̿ȴżʣµصдҴˣҵٺãܼ֣
ѩȴǫˣҵֿɲ洫ˣǹأȻд
ѩʤ֮ɫԵ߾֮
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ΪȡÿŲ̊ĻᣬصЩΪɬѶĵգһ²ïĵմŮïʫ
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ѩ뵯٣ͷϲ
Ͳסǳǳ˵࣬ķѾ٣ѩ޷ֻܾǰᲦŪҡ
һԽ֮ǳǳһڴҲ  
˿̱ϪϵһһƸƽ¥ɢؿϣһ߳Ĺӣһ߰ؿųϵ輧衣
ѩڼң¥еģһ˯ȴǬ˵ȥϪʹϻصע¥˸輧輧¥ʶҪһͬ͡
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ЦǺǵӼ˶մȾĻҳū˵ҲڱϪʹģָŶӵء
¥ۣ͵ش

 29 

˺žãʵûʲô˼ȲڼʣҲɱʹ죬¥ʴ˸Ƿе˯ˡ
ǬžƱǰү˯ˣǸûУǿ¥ڵͷ򽿽ҺòײģҺüǧء
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ϳʦǬɣƬ̣Ŀ¶ͣһɽӡ࣬˭˻ܰѡɽӡ˾٣ϵֻѾǷ켫ˣ죬ôתͷķʻȥҪ˭
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СװϿռûиģһһʱ䣬Щûм¥ʵŮӶϧѩ
ǿ⣬ոж༵ʵٵѩھжʹ졣
黭ͨΣ
ģ
ͷǼһ˶ҼˣһǸɱ˿ħýֺͷѩõж౯ҡ
ѩԼȻΪбҪΪ¥һҪڣȻԱߵ˵һ
Сʵ˭شδ
ѩĻȥ¥ʴ°ɫ壬˶˵վڼװϣһ˫ڵ۾ɲ̶ǵķ
Ҳע⵽¥ʣɫ
¥ߴһѩǰüѩûУ
ѩش𣺡ûС
ڵӣּˣ
΢㣬ڶָᣬлżָ߸ϵưѩ⣬¥ʵĽ飬ضǳ
¥ȴ˳ǣҡ
ֳŪʧ䣬ѩļ΢
ӼˣһʹΣĴ˼Ҳȱλ͡ϸ˵
ѩΪ¥ʻܾȻȴ¥ʻصȴ֮
Ǭ¥ʵĹ˳ŮбķֻѾڻһ磬Ů
λϵѩ˵ۡ
ǵӣ˵ǸªҼ˵ɱħͷôʹһ㶼ͬ
ªǵӣ
Ϊʲôѩܼ˿ˣôôã                        
лҪ˵Ǹ㲻ʱˣõָˣϴһģһ

 30 

ѩ
Ⱥû¸ɵŮ, ϲ, ﰵﶼȥģʵᷳˣѩس°, ⳡɢ
ѩ, ҲŮ, Ѳġ
ڹŮΪƨ, һһв, İѩ˲, ̫Ҳʾʾǿ۽硣
磬Ǭ̫ﵹǳʶ
ïʫ̫ó, ʶʶ̫Ļ, κ̫ԼĶصû, һֱÿϧ, ֪ܷһ۸
˵ĻѾ˵ݶ, پܾԵý顣
׼īɡ
ѩȻм˼ʶسͷȥ, Ȼ, ʲôеʧ
ʮּ򵥣ĸɽɽֻ֮չ᰿衣
Ա֣˫ɡ
֮, ֮ƾ˫ɣʮִ
Ļڱ֮ϣԾȻֽ֮ϣҪֽɳǰһ
ѩδڻû뵽Ȼܻ˺á
йŮԱ̫̾Ļ̫ˣԶ˵黭ͨҿӽ⾫ڻͷҪóˡ
Цܺȡ
ȴǫѷ˵̫Աľ̫ӵ°ɣߺ̫̫ӵ±˫ɣ˼
ıֲȻ糺졣
ѽﶼˣ˵̫ӵ³ɼ̫ӵҲأ̫ӵ¼⸱˫ɡȻ˵̽
ҹŮ˵ŷеĻѩȴоΧƹһ磬Դȥֻ¥ס
ʮѹʲô˸һĸо
ôͻȻˣ
¥ϲŭ޳ѩͷԣţ¥ʺȻ󲽳ȥǬ¥ҪӣæȥΡ
ǳǳܵѩǰ¥뿪ķСʣɩ㲻ȥʱʱ̫õӣǲҪˣ
ѩĲȥ¥ʣǳǳ˵ݶϣͲòȥ
ȥ
紺ʱڣûʱ¥ʿڼװΧϣһſɢšϢѩףʣӿﲻ
¥ƳۣĴ΢
ѩһ
ֱ¥ʵ˵һƵѿ˲¡ƣҧҧֻһɴڣƾҪû
ȭͷǿѹǹɴ
ȴյķθܡ
΢ٵĽŲѩͷ֪ʲôʱ˹
ԾǸı飬Цʱºͣ´Ҳиǡ
¥ưվţû
ѩ̫
š΢΢ͷȥ¥ʵһ˫ˮӲ΢ǧУȴʼղóڡ
ͷ΢΢̾˿̧Ѿ߷Ĵ󴬡
ǲԶǬ˱ʮΣ˵ȴֲ˵ӣѩԸٿ¥һۣת߽˴ա
ɿѩŭȥıӰֱ۵òУǰ˶ѽ۵ѽ
ϵ͵͵̾õĲ֪ϧòĲõġ
ڴԺѩٷ˵ģɵؿЦͻȻŲͷ
¥ʸߴӰվڴյڴϡӰϣ˳еԽ裬ʶʣôˣ
־Լ˾ϻ¥书׿еֳֵ֣˭
¥ûлش⣬ʵΪʲôǸ
ΪʲôЦ˵Ϊʲô뻭Ȼ㻭ˣûб˼㲻Ҫ룬ҶѸԻޣ˵Щʲô˼
¥Ц˼㻹ǸʲôңԭҲң
ݣԣ̫ҲȢѩɩ֮⣬κιϵңѩ
ѩ˵ģٴθԺǴϻۻˡ
ĳڣȴòϣԼѩվһҲֻܳΪģѩڲͬġ
¥ʼЦЦںʲô
ᰮģ޿κκͲ룬͵͵ظ¥ʣᰮġ
Һ㲻ͬվڴյķڴ¥ʵ䣬Ұˣʼֻһ

¥תߡ
¥ʣסżϣãҪס˵Ļ
¥ûӦܿʧ
뿪¥ʽҲˣǬȻһλŮķɣϧλŮһ±ʾԸһ⻵Լ
Ǭֻź뿪ѩķ浽ĺɫĺϲű˴˵𣬵ѩصʱɫѾ׺ˡ
̸Ķ¥ûеƣү;ֱԷ˵Ҫ˯ˣǱƣҲֳŵ
λϵѩ˳ü¥ڶһ¥˾һӻѿͷʰһ£˯ͷ
һ죬ѩҲЩۣϴԡɵûһ˯ˣ˯㣬ҹʱޱȴȻһƿ
ҹѩһ£˯оѡ
һ۾Ϳվһˣһյ͵ƣƹʮֻ谵ѩŵײҰף˼С
عǰ˺󣬿ںļֱ˻ȥ
ѩԼеۣЩҧгݵ¥ʣϵģǲв
¥ʣΪʲô˯
ǡѩһЦڶǵرһּᷳĿߵǿ˽أ˿̡
ѩһɷ׵ʵΪҪȥ㲻ǽҹ𣿡
¥ʲͷȥ
ȥѩƢʮͷţס¥Ҹ㣬ҸͲ޸㣬Ҽ޸ǱƵģɽԺȴҾҪ㵱һȣҪ˯ˣôôȥ
ѩޱԼȥڿ¥ʶ۾ۡ
Ȼ¥ȴ࣬һǰٶƿѩޱڱϣһǳɡ
ѩöȭߣ˫ֲͣ¥ʵĺϴκʵޣܺ¥ʰ֣¥ʵĺϸƵġ                        
лҪ˵ǿնзơ

 31 

㼸Ѿŵҿ, սսԱߡ
¥ʿѩһ·˶¥Է, ŽԷϣѩˤϣѩˤð, žҪӴ, ¥ȴסֽ, Լһ, סѩ˫, һޱ͸˵ϡ
¥ⷬ, ˣ˯ɡ
˯ү˯
ѩԼõĽҪ¥ʸĸɾ, ¥ѹ, ôãһַ, ¥, ҹ, ѾԶˣְʲôǲввȥβ, ƾʲôң
ѩؿۣ׼˸ʲô
¥ʰҹ˯, Ȼ߿յģʲôѩ˯, ûˣе㲻ϰߡ
ѩϻַǳرζʮϲ˯԰ߣҲ˯øá
¥е㲻ͷࡣ
ѩۡ
¥ʻȥƫ¥ʰýһ໹㲻ҹ˭
¥ĺľΣ
ҵǸѩ
¥۾˯ѩĻԸҪȥȥ¥ûꣿ
ѩ̬ʮǿӲ¥ʣҲĳҪôҵǸҪôߡ
ѩʮôˣñ¥ѹ۸ֲǵȫλ˳¥ʡ
Լļֺͽ¥ǰˣүҲĸԸź
屧ʵ¥᲻÷֣ѩڵıƢǲǸͱ˯ˡ
Ǹ
¥ⱲӾûж˭Ǹ
Ϊ˯ΪѵؾȵһͷŤʣôǸ
谵ĹУѩȥ͵Ƶȼ̫ˣʲô
¥¶࣬׻˴ȼһյ͵ƣصϺ˰ɣ˵ɣҪεǸ
뿿ڴӭϣ̬ɢһֻ˯ѵĴèβɨʱ򣬺˵ү¹񣿡
ѩ
¥ʼ񣬰ֵȻѾˣǱ˯ɡ
˭˵ҷˣѩлعƯķ˵֪ˣҲԵ޹ʶףһС
¥˯ɡ
ѩƾҪ´ȥֱ¥һ̻ȥһּΪŤ֪ˡ
ѩأ
¥§һ˯ɡ
ѩҪֱ¥һѰȥӵ˼вѩǸѾˣٲ⣬Ųһ㣿
úǰѩ¥ѾǸ˵ķݶϣټƽˡ
¥ЦЦ۾˯
ҹȴѩ˯Ժ䣬ȻѹƵĿһ͵ش˯зֻ¥ʷŴأѪʡ
ôѪˣѩŵɫһף·ȥˡ
ҴҸҩȥ塣
̫ң¥˺ƶⷬˣԶɽ˷׷׸˹
ѪˣüͷšģҩûЧ𣿡
¥ڴϲ˵شпҩѾˣүȵĶʣµҩҩҩЧȻȲҩ
ɽôնпҩȥץһҩ
ҩУҩȴôҵģζҩ꾩ǶҲֻжȥѰ
Զʣʲôҩ
һζо黨һζϹƣζҩūǰû˵֪ʲôӣжȥ˴ˣҲ֪ʲôʱŻү
˵˵ţ̲סۿ
˼Ƕٲ¥ֻ¾Ҫ̱ˡ
üͷšһ磺ôãȥҶУ
⵹ǲأд˴ȥΪүѰҩѰȻģûѰǻҲûá
ѹ¥ںҩĴԽԽ٣ԭΪҩûˡ
ΪҪˡ
ڴϰ¥ָһǳ໰
ĬĬţ˵ʲô
˶ԭ¥пܻӵľ뿪ʱѩúչӣ˳ɡ
ָҪˣƣϣ֮ǰ̹Щ
ѩصԷѾѾѪɾˣӹѣι¥ʺȲڣ¥ʷ׵͸ףҲ̲ס˼֡
ϲŹ𣿻ûбϲԵĶóѩʵ
¥䳰ڿң
ѩˣֻǾ˶ԵԼϲԵĶкôҲúһЩ
¥Ҫ
ʶģѩҲǿ
֪ϾҪˣǲǺܸˣ¥Цܶ˶Ǽ޲ݷ㱻Ƽ޸ңӦúһɡ
ѩӲ˵ҿûô롣
¥ʣˣˣ𣿡
ѩͷЩĻϲ˸һϲñӣˣҾعˣʲôõģοʥּͻ飬ˣҶܸļޡ
Ƕʥϲ
ѩ¥ʣҼ޸㣬ⱲǱ˩ˣЩ񶾵˼ңǸˣ·ҼȻѾˣͻŬһӵġ
¥ס
ѩԣϣܺúûš
źĬĬȥ˷š
ѩź¥˿ڣַ£Լɻشϣ¥΢΢뻳ٴα۾ʱ򣬾¸ⰲ֮С
ѩʱѿˣֱܰ
¥ʻ˯һҲӣѾ׼ˣӺŰɡ
ճɽҩŹǣصظ¥׼һպСӡ
˸ճţ̫̫ˡ
ѩ̫̫̫̫¥ʣЩûа
ɹ̫¥ʿػش𣺡ʧˣʱˡ
̫̫һ˼ƽϣЦݿʮִ飺ôᣬ˵ЩĻʲôѩҪ°뱲ء
¥ͣתˣ
̫̫ⶥײҲ⣬ɢߵĴȰԣǰҶ⣬ڷ֣ԭҲпȡ֮ġ
ѩ̫̫ĻǵһƤ
⺢ӣҲ˵ԼԼҪţ˵̫̫ԼĶóһװǹһǹѩһǹ¥ʡ
ˣԡ̫̫Це                        
лҪ˵Ҫţһ죬ֳָʧ󣬽¡

 32 


¥ʻ̫ڴ, ֪ʳ, Ҫ
ѩҲ
Ȼ¥ȴƹϣȻؽӹǿŻƳγεǹι
̫̫ЦȻǸԺӡ
¥ʱ۾, ר̫š
ʮů, ů, ¥ɹ̫, ûһ˯, ̫̫ȵĺ, ѩ̾⺢࣬Ҫչһ㡣
һᾡӵıֵġѩ
˶, ¥ձֻͦ˳, εѪģüɵ֮, Զ¥ʾȻչ
ѩʵ˵, ǻ, Զɡ
ǹر죬漸ѩǵ¥ַ, оյػصɽԺ¥ʻ˯ʱ, 轫λõӳʸѩ
óλڴ滹йף˻һʮ, м򵥵ġиӵġбĲõġзǳͨġ
Ҫǻû
ЩӣǶæŸʦѧϰߣѧѧ͵ѩҲ˵ù硣
ʮѾܳʱûѩ
ѩŰԼǰĽһٸӣ꾩вӵĵ̰ɣɸλȥЩתתǶӶһλǻᣬȥһӵʦǡ
ԺͷԼѩʲôӦǡ
ӴԺػ£Ҳ֪ʲôӣЩǹ˳úܣʦѧߣûֳʲô
ػŲѣܲ
Ҷϧͷػ밲Ҷϧѩڣʣĵôδ
ػɫѿ˼֡
ĵղŴһԺ鶼ۻæŴء
˵ţѩ١
˸ĸɩɩ
үԷߵĶǴˣү̾ͻ֪ػ䲻£ѩ£ҶϧЦʣ˵ĵȥϪʹˣ
ѩȥԼˣɩϢ顣
裺Ϫʹʹˣ˵̫Ҳȥˣ̫һ˫ɡĵõһɽӡ˽ֵ벻֪ѡ
ѩǫѷλɩɩЦˡ
ػ佫Ĳһģ㲻ڸչӣȥʹͷ¶ʲô
Ҷϧͷԣ̴ľ
ѩҲգ˵ԾϸģҲչӣֻүչˣһȺѾʱԴʵֲҲ֡
ػȴôŹӽһȺտҲģ
ѩЦˣĸҼ޹֮ǰӲһֱչ˵˵ɽԺȺү˯ʱݶˣҲүκεĲذ
ػѩĶײȻӣȻչ
ѩƢ˵ǿû취ˣҲչˣѾСˣҲֲӵź򰡡
˵ţֲ䣺壬ҲҪź򰡡
ػ͵һ棬ŭѩĴζײң֪
ѩؿ
ڿһȡֵˡ
ĸֻͣǶײĸϢŭѩ
Щ죬ˣȺĿǰһүţүȥˣ¥ʺػ䶨ָ췭ظʵûбҪֺЩˡ
ΪҪֽġ
Ȼˣ˳ԼҲЩ˶ΪԼǸӵġ
ѩĻдգػɫ࣬Ҷϧͷ缦ԱĬĬϷһϱҪ
Ѿˡ
ػҵĽ涥ײŻҽƱ磿
ػĿǣѩֱº͵£ĸҽŲգҹϥǺףԻǽҹأҹվ˴ʱҲ˵ǽҹأ嵽ɽԺ˽ҰڵָʱҲ˵ǽҹأ룬ԼϲźģԾ͸ѧѧ
ҴС˾ͽңΪҪº񣬶ԳҪмӣҲң裬ǰô󣬸Ϊñ۸ġѩϸ˵
Ҷϧͷˡ
ָ
˲ԼͬسѩֿȥˣĻһʮԵİ̺ۣʮѿ㲻ƣǶÿġ
ʮָˣϸɣƯ
ػ侹ȻҪָ
ػ䵱˵ʲôҺʱָ
ѩЦˣ֣ĵ̬˵аԣú
˵Ŷ񶾵ԣȴżЦ⣬ҶϧͷһƤ񣬺ȻѩŹ˳ʵǸʮ֮ˡ
ѩ֣΢Цػ䣺ĸҷ𣿡
ػö£˵
ѩ̵ĸҼ޽ҪúùյģǸͲģ˵ϣΪֹĥңǳصģ˭˭𣿡
ѩ˵꣬΢΢˸ЦɽԺ´Ȼȥˣˡ
ת뿪һ¸ıӰ
ҶϧĿ࣬꣬һֱػѹţػøʲô͸ʲô͹Ҫ𾭣׼ԷͲҳԷӲа㶥ײѩⲨԴǣֱ۽ˡ
Ҳ𾪣¥СӲػ䣬Ҳǧػ䣬ػŰ裬öϱڸǰصܹ֮ˣҲǸǿ֮ˣȴδҪŶŸɡ
ȥػѿҪɫо̲סѩȻ𾴡
˵ѩ
Ĳš
ɽԺź¥ʴ£ѧѩ˵ģڼ֮ǰûһףĸ˵Ҫҹء
˵һͨ΢Ц뿪ˣֻ¸°ıӰĽ˵ˣ̫ˣ춼ˡЦе
¥𴲾õϢʮ泩
ʵأ
ȥԷˡ
ԷסĵطɽԺܴ󣬷ԷֻɽԺеһ֣Ը¥ʾר˽Էʰס
ѩ޽¸λﰲ˷䡣
óӵﰤס߸ߵﰤסѩ֣ǶͬһԺ¥һǲ㡣
Ͼ¥ʳ˭ﶼۺ켵ʣһۺ켵ʾ£λദôǢ϶ӡ
һ¹ȥ¥ʴδ̤㷼Է
ѩԼ˵ʲôȴֲţǲԼˡ

 33 

¥ôã
ܵġ
ѩԷĿĺܼ, ǵĹ, ѩЦǰ񣺡μ
ѩԷˣҺ⣿
ѩһһ˵, ̸賤˲, 軶ϲú, ЦеĹػҪе, ôпչˣ
ѩ, ͹
ٵ绹ֻһ߽, Ϊ׵ǶĬĬվһţС, ÿ϶һС, װߺͲϡ
ѩĿһһɨȥЩ߹β, ڻӿɽ, ֻҪԸǱѧϰ, õóֵһ졣
λﶼùҦ, Ϊ֪Լӱͱﲻñ, ԸŬλֵġ
˿޵Ҧߺյشͷܲ˼
ѩѧߣԺұдô, ͸λﶼˡ
Ӧõġ
ó׼ƲˣҾϢһգԳԷͻȨοʹЩˡѩ
۷Ź⣬л
ѩøλϢԼ赥˵Ҫ̣ЩﻹҪòܳʦ
ѩ뿪̵֪ģѩҲʮ֧֣صҦﲻ˵ϾӵѾԳʦˣĸֻҪǿ¹һغҲܳʦ
ٶȣѩġ
˵Ͳˣ̫ѹÿʮĹõĶĿÿóȥǮҹĿֻҪ˭Ʒȫ⣬Ҿʮӡ
¶ͣãнŻж
ѩصʱ¥ѾˣҲδʣ׼
ѩ֣óţִ˼ȥֵ棬治Ҷ⣬Լ͵ˣѩջ
֣¥
¥ŶȣɢؿϣԺϾ࣬һ糣رĶе㶯
¥ʣʲô
̫ǰҽȥ岻ҽ˵ȹȥƽ¾ûˡԵ
¥жժ¥£ժ¥ȴǰ¥ʡ
ǰժ¥ֻǽϵһɱ֯ר̸Ǯɱ˵ĹӪѪȣǽǳãժ¥֮ǣֻһٽ
ժ¥ϳ̶ֲԽɼΧˣʧĻҲ˵ժ¥·ߣһ졣
ժ¥ϧժ¥ںڰôãһ¶̫£ֻ»ø졣
һֱѰһתֱ¥ʳ֡
¥ʱǸת
Դ¥ʴλú󣬱㽫ժ¥볯͢ϵժ¥Ϊɱ֯ʵȴǻʼӰ
͵۶¥мӣǽ⣬¥ʿȥκ͵ժ¥Ҫ棬¾λ鸽¾
Ȼ֪ǲԵĴܾλԵ̫Ӻܲơ
¥ʵأ
ϻش𣺡⣬żʺ밲ϴТ׽Ҳ衣
ǻߵӰԻʹڵ鲻˵ʮ֣а˷˽ġ
¥ʣ̫Ӷ̫Σ
ҪػȻ̲֮סȥΪ̫ӵ
¥ʴλվ
ѩ֪ǲǳûո㣬ʻ֣һʱ򣬶ȻͻȻ˷裬͵ؾУǰ߸߾ЩȵԱһ޹СŮ
ѩߵҲ˾ţڳϷһ·ȥ֪ƻ˶ؽС
ѩᣬоԼһ̾Ҫˡ
ڻᣬͲ֮ԥһСŵòҰֽͬʱµĻڽͷϼԾѩĳ֮ϡ
̫¥Ӣ۾
һӰȴ죬¥ηӶģͼѾһ§ѩ֫䵽ϣһȻ֮ϡ
ȻأƷѩĶߴӵ¥ʴ˫֮¾ȳĺŵںޡ
׽ŵؽԱߣ۵
ѩǺû£˿δؽץס¥ʵ䣬Ұˡ
¥ݼ״ź
¥ʹֵл£Լķ˻ԼΪá
¥ѩʧɫʮۣ޲ý§κ˽ȵǣϷݣ¥ȴѹš
֪ڣͲˡ
ѩعſ¥ʵ䣬¥Ÿ˸л³ȡ
¥Ž˵ѩƲ۾ЦˣǾ֮ͣұҲδȵ㣬Ǳˡ
¥۾۵衣
棬̫ӾȻضķ˿ûнǶѩ¡
¥ͷһ
¥ݽʣˣôڴ˴
ѩش𣺡£߶߶
¥ûһ壬ĬѩĻش
¥ݵĿ⿴ѩƤͷ¥ʵӣʱˣǻظɡ
¥ݵ¥ʴѩѩóȥ⳥ƻС̯ԼĳϣԾ¡
滹δȴѾûκ˼
һ̧ͷ¥ʵɫĻҪҰףһסʣӣǲ岻ˣ
¥ǿжʱŲһ㲻һ̲סѩ¥ʵָѪ
ʧɫ
æӰ¥ʲѪңΪңҲˡ
Զɽü΢΢šǰûڣԼѪ¥ʵ¥ݡ
¥ʲôѩס
¥ذ״ʹ񣬼̶žŻк¹ʡ¥ѹź𣬱ɲ
ѩ꣬ȻӲ
¥üں£
ѩ˳ǣЦȴԼЦ̫ǴǽĻϣΪȴԾɶұͼһ˷Ѿ˼˵Ҹò£
ѩֽű
ҾĲģ˵˻λ᲻ŹңѩкεĻ֣֮̿᲻ΪŹң
¥ʵ۵ʱˡ
岻ʣȻظɡѩѹ¾ԡ
˻صУϽ¥ʲԷ¥²ãԺϹȥ
Ե̫ӻظ˽ɱˣ̫мӣǰ̫Ǹ˫ɡͱ̫ӵ¹鷿
¥ûӦ
վ֮£ԺҲϳɵ̫ͼժ¥Ҫõ̫ӵġ

 34 


ԺسϿȥ, ϵĻӲؿ, ʧˣȴ˵
¥ʵȥɡ
塭ϲԸ, ¥ϵĶͬѰ, ׶, Ϊѩǿж, һߡ
ֹؼʱ, ϲ뿪
¥ʵ, ժ¥Խ֡
Դʧɫϵ
¥ס𣺡ȥ
Ժϲ˵ʲô, , ·ݵʱʰѩӭײ, ɵסŲ, ɽԺͻȻ, ѩΪ⡣
μ
Žż鲻Ըع˹֣
˶žװ, һ֪գѩص˵ͷλǣ
, Աλϣү»Ҫ´иˡԵ
ĮĮˡ
һ, Ǳ뿪ϳ֮Ҳ̫Ӷѩʲô˼Ŀãժ¥̫ӵĹϵѩ㲻⣬Ϊβ˵
ʣ˵ʲô
ЦֻҪԸѩ͸̫ӣժ¥ȡ̫ӵΣ̫ӵ֧֣ժ¥ʲô
ԵֻٲҪᡣ
ϲмʲôһݵ飬ֻһѩǱܻ棬ֱֶΪ
Ե
Σаѵûз֣ǶǷַ˯ģǻǿˣôûǿԸ飿
㲻ۣ
ˣ¥ΪλԳȣ֪ԼٶȴҲû룬ȥ
Գ˵ЩʲôãڵϦܲܰδ֪
ϵȻģôöû£Ҳµġĳ£Ҿɱѩᡣ
˵ɫԽѰҩǰԼѰ𣿾Ȼûлٲ
Ϻۿ潹ȴΪ
¥һ䡰ȥܶʱ¥ʵߣȴûʸҲûɡ
Բ˵
¥ڴϲһʱ㿪ʼȣ³ָһҩȥȻҩȴƸã¥ʺºʱȥˣȡ
⶯ֵòСȫ˶֪ˣԺӶܵɽԺ
¥ɫ£վڴ߿Ű¥ʣʵ̫ҽأ
սսػش𣺡·ϡ
¥˼ʱ̫ҽ٣¥ʰյҩҡҡͷ¹ҽֻգڵĶ¹ʵûа취
ֹûа취̫ҽԺ̫ҽû
ҡ̫ҽֹ׻˵˳үǿڶѾֻ¡
¥Ӱ˻ΣЩվȣ¥һѷסοүĵܸ󣬶µģҰġ
¥˫ַɫףʵܳŶã
̫ҽźҡͷֻ³Ųˡ
ԭЩʱգȴΪǰģ¥ʣǸˣѩر˱۾
ػվԱ߱䣬ϣ¥һغ˾ػ䣬ֻҪ¥һӵλþ¥̵ġ
ػĵĬĬүү̣ϣ¥ߡ
ҶϧСʱҪ¥£Сߴ¥Ͻߣ¥ûҶôߣ
¥ߣҶϧҲߡ
˼ӣϣ¥ʱ˲źãûѹסػˡ
˼죬ţ洫߿̫ݵ
ھһ
ţŻ̫㼱Ҵҵ̤˽
Ź£̫
¥ʱյԺģڱ˵ߴߴ۾æǰ¥ʲõʣڳʲô
ۿͨ죬Сش𣺡ԺӶˣ˾
¥·μٴĴϣȲڣõҩ˸¥ʣСźţ̣үȰɡ
¥ʶҩ룬һڵҩȫȥ
һ̣̫ݵ̶̫㽹Ĵ˽¥ٴĴϣ˼ҵ˲˳
ʶҵʶôȥѽ̫۵ȥ¥ʵ֡
̫̫ˣڷȣȴ飬̫һ
¥̫̫æֹ㶼ˣЩ񻹹ʲôоôûкһ㣿
ѩ¥ʺȿյҩ룬ԼͶſ
¥ǿЦЦãĸãĸ
ѩ¥ڵɫзһʱû
ԼǴ֮ˣ¥ʱ˭
Ļһʱţ˴ҳ¥бۿ̲ס
̫ʲôĸˣĸ˵һĸӦ㣬⣬òð
¥ʣٲ˵ûлˣĸӦҡ
̫ʣ˵˵
ѩƵܣǼ̲סᣬ۾ʪ
¥ʿ˿һ£ĸ׼ѩᵽɽԺΪТ꣬¥ʵӣģˡ
ѩ˫ֽգû뵽¥ʵһȻҪɣָݽƤȴ˿оʹֻʹ
ãĸӦ㡣̫ݵ
¥ʻ˻ڶ£źЩ꣬ľϣĸܴӦңѩã˲ò֡
һ¥ʵǰͷүūҲȥūž
ͷүūȵģūǶ
˵꣬ūžͲͣؿͷ
¥ȴȵһûǾͲҵĻˣ
ūſͷĶһ٣̧ͷʱѾ޵棬ūǾүţūźˣūǾ͸ᡣ
¥ҲҪ˭ᣬǸƴǵġ
ѩẨȻ¡
̫ãĸӦ㣬㻹ʲôҪ㶼˵ĸӦ㡣
¥ЦЦЦݾº͵ģü΢΢ż˵ͼ˵źԱߣ̫ˣߡ
̫̲סʹãĸӦ㣬ˣûüһ㣬СǸû۵ĺӣǸúúò㣬úò㡣
ллĸ
˶
¥ʾúۣʮƣάŵƶЩˣѩ첽ǰȥӣشţɺã
¥ʻص˵ͷ߰ɣˣ뾲һ
ѩɵϣҴñǣ¥̧֣ĨĨ۽ǵᣬЦʣΪҶ𣿡
˵ҲԸ
͸Ũصɳƣɤɬúܣ˵ѡ
ˣˡ
ѩ룺ҽʮ꣬ٸТ꣬ҾǶʮһˣʵϹˣ޹ˣڱҾǸŮˣҲֻҸ˼˰ɣ޹ȥҪܷҵͱ˵ĭӣһҲˡ
¥ʣ
ѩȻ뵱ӣȴԸᣬǱԵɣҷģһúðġ
ǼԾɬһĨȥ
۾ʱ¥ʵ۾ѾЩˡ

 35 

᲻ϵ, ô, ϶Ŀ˾ᣬѩȻϣʱܾʹֹͣ, , ¥ʻǻŵġ
Ѿ, ҲѾ, ʣµ, ֻ
¥ʱ, ľڿ޵ˣҪ˶˵ʲô, ֹס, ߵ¥ʵķ¥ʰڴ, Ѿ
ѩڴ, ᡣ
¥ס, ѹס
ѩѾ¥ʵĺˣΪѾȥ, ҲΪĺʵ̫ǳ̫ǳΪʲô, ȥ֤ʵ
ʵһĵ׼
ڴϻƵ˴꣬˯ǿнѣпҩѾþ, ǿŵҲǿһҩѪ
ֻܳŶã
׼ֻû뵽ȻôͻȻ
¥ˣ̫ǿӲ֪Լ岻ȴԾɷȥȴԼʵǲҪȵġ
ֻֻǲ̫ռıˣΪϵӡ
ոնһøУȴҪˡ
ûԵֵİɣѩź롣
侲ȥ̽¥ʵıϢѾûˣʲôûˡ꾩˺Ѿûˣѩصصȥ
Ȼ洫С
Уˣ죬ȥү
ѩһµӿ첽˽ٴζҡҡͷ˻Ƶ˵ˣѾˡ
ûѩĻߵ߸¥ιһŻ굤굤ڼֽ¥ʷס¥ϼѨ
ޱҵ롣
ѩſԱߵĽϰһϸ룬øᣬڶаǿ¥ʵѺȡһݸյʱ¥ʵϾͲ롣
ɫԾ׵úûѩԾɸܲĺŵŶк¥ʣšһ硣
һŨҩҩˣֱιүȡ
ȡ룬ҩ¥ʹȥ
ѩһĪ¥ѾûкˣоΪǻҪѵôһܽ¥ʴ
ӻоȣ·𿴳ںʲôޱؽͣ˲ͬϰϢ֮ʱ򣬹Ϣ֮״̬
ѩ𾪺ʹץסһص㣺¥ʲˣ
ʱᡣлش
ѩʲôʱᣬѵûҵ黨Ϲƣ
ҵˣոոµľǾ黨ҩİƵҩǺÿãնеĻе࣬Ϲƻûá
Ϊβá
ϹҪãⶫϲʳľڵĶҩ岻ɾĶܾߣϧ˺ҪϹˡ˵
ѩüͷһ壺¥е
ȡ¥ϵ룬⣺֪
ѩȻ֪ԼǿѾˣϹϽ˵ֹƳϲĹѨҪҵʮѡ
¥ʾֻǵһǾȻҪ޸
ѩаģԼȫֻϵ׸ıʵ¥еү֪𣿡
뵽ʲôûӦ
ѩЦݱ䣺¥Ϊλж
еҲܻشүˣ׿үɡ
ѩûڶʡ
ĿЪеĵϣ¥ʻȥ˶һ˿⣬˵ƽ˭Ҳû뿪ɽԺ¥
һȾ͵ȵ˺̫Լ۰ӣһֱ¥ʵĴߵȣ¥۾ȿľ̫
ʶˣûﲻûУĸ˸ŹǺòã̫Ȱʣס¥ʵ֣ɰѻĸˣ
¥ʸѣû˵
̫Ϊܵ˵æöǰ鿴У̫ģ޴󰭣ӼѣҪһζҩˣ̫ﵽϢ
̫ĵʣգ
УӼ͡ǳܼԵܻ
̫Բ۾
˾ǳĬһʱ죬ɴϵ¥Եòһޱϵӡ
̫̣ȥˡ
ֻź
ǴҶ֪¥ڶأҹɫŨȴûһȥȵҹʱ˶Щƣˣλҡҡ˯ȻȻһѪˮ̫̾Ҫȥֹ̽
Ѫ̫أТ̫ﰲȱǡףۿͨ졣
̫ɲס˽Ų
һͰ˳΢¶֮ʱԼǰ¥ʻѺͱףһͰұʪѺͱ׳ѾֱˣŹ̫ǰ
һζҩ˵ѾƽȹյĹͷү̫ˣѾ˯ˣ˵̫ǲģԽȥ˾Ͳؽȥˡ
̫֪¥ʺ¥Ӳû¥ʱȥմӹŹػ¥£̧ѩȥ
߽¥ʵԷлڸ¥ʰ
̫ۣ¥ʺ۾Ѿ˯ˣ߽ȥĶûһϵĥѩܹжôƣ
ҹδ¥ʵ˿кЩʹȫӲ̽ȥˡ
ΪҪ͡
̫̫¥ʵĴߣס֣̽̽Ķͷ¥ѾˣɫԾɺƵģںѾƽȣǻ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã̫˵УΰҵܶȹΣգȫֻشҿԴӦһ㾡ᡣ
ֺ¶еȻֵܾл̫ֻǲһʱҲûҪĶ󣬿ɷ棿
̫㡣
̫ɽԺ½½Ҳɢˣ¥¥岻ãЩɽԺչӴԺ밲ˡ
ѩ֮ãػЦЦ
ɽԺ˶ɢɾˣѩʶУϹǷ¥ڣ
ǡлش
¥ʵ¥ʵ嶨Ȼ𺦣βܽϹѩʵߣβɱ
п򷿼ź㣬ѩ̧¡
еϹĸʳԣĸ̫ײУûܵסõӹƣӹƲֻɱӹƽӵȵӵѪڲдԸԼѪιĸʮգùĸӳ˯оѣĸܽӵڣӹɡ
ѩϲЩ߰鼮ص¿˲٣Ͻ࣬ΪϽһΪأʢҵɭ֣ɭֲֿ³
ټ٣ѷֱ档
ĸʳӵǲϡ棬ֻǷҪѪιùĸѣѩܾúơֶģܿģʮģҲ֪òš
ЩԭǿģֻؿԼļʶû뵽Ȼһ죬ѩʮ𾪡
ԸѪιĸ¥ʵ˾¥߾е˼⻹
ϻۣȻģӵףұĸԸѪιΪʮ쵫һжϣͻǰ˻ӱˣΪϹĸʳ˭Ѫѵı˭ΪĸҲʳӵѪôĸͲʳӹƣⷬھʧȥ塣
˵ӹƺ͹ĸʳͬѪΪᵼ¹ĸ޷ӹƣˣΪηҪ¥ʵ׸ѪιҸ˵Ѫ¥ʲͬѾˡʳõĲͬѪ
ʶ㣬Ѫٻ֮˵
ѩһ˵һȽϹžɵ鼮żȻģᵽˡѪٻ˵֮ΪѪϵԱ˴֮иӦͨĸӦҵԷǱһϽ˱׫ģѩòš
һֱϽر࣬඼ģֻܵգܵ棬û뵽СѪٻ
пѩı֪˵ӹʳӵѪϹĸʳ׵ѪĸӹƳѪףĸͨѪӦҵӹƣɡûӹӵ塣ΪιĲӣϲѪҺ
ֱ̫аˣѩš
еϡҲʵ黹Ҫ˷˼кܶ࣬ⲻֻǺССһȥۡ
Ҽʶǳˣѩֻصϣԣʱƣ
ǵģӹĸӵ嵽뿪ӵ壬ܳһʱ䣬ΪĸڲӦĻһʱ׷񣬹ĸӻᱬӹƳɳΪĸҪʱ䡣
ѩԶɽü΢ݹ¥¥Լ¥̶Ըģ¥ӦԸģ¥ѾΪޣԹ˲Ͼ¥ʣ֪ɶ鷳ңѪʮ죬һŮˣֻ¸аȥ
ү
ү壬֪ܳżգ¥ʣҪ
ˣѩѾ벻ˣʣڵӹƣ¥ǲǾֻʣˣ

 36 

У׼ȷ˵, ӻ, ΪӹڳɳΪĸ֮ǰͻѪɣӹƱ
ѩ˲ȵס
Ƕô֮, ޸¥ʸΪʥּΥ, Ŭһ, ҲΪԼıһׯ, һеһ, ΪԼ
¥ؿһ, ĸǷ¥, ҪѪιϹĸ, ȻԸ⣬ǿϧ, ¥ʵѪ, ûʸ
ѩ, ʵֻһ취𣿡
еͷ黹ӣ, ƢӲǲԸ, ˭ҲȲ
ѵ¥ʲ֪ӹ𣿡ѩʡ
УҲδӣǷ֪ϹҪѪιĸӹɣҲ, ҲҪ𡣡
ѩ˵ͷ
н꣬ת׼˳ȥʱүߵһС˼ҴҹԶ˹УүСλȥһԺ鷿
˵Ժ鷿ר˿أûүͬ⣬˶ڡ
ѩôãǵһԺ鷿鷿ܴ飬ǰһźܳķϷбīֽ⣬¥ʱԱߡ
źСȲ裬¥£С˹˳ȥ鷿š
ɡ¥̧ʾѩͶ̫ʦϡ
ѩ񣬺Ͷзֱ£кǧ¥ͻȻҪ£²⣬룬¥֪ϹƵġ
ΪҪͬʱˣ
¥вɫ˵ʱܻУǧѰϹƣȻҵϹƵӹƣȻҲѰ˹ĸɣ
ѩȻ
¥ǰ̬ʮֹɫȷҵ˹ĸү岻ʺ֪ˣͬ⡣
ʹ˵ǲѾ¥һ䣬о˵˺Ļ
ѩ룬һж¥Ը
¥ֻѾ˹ײģ㲻ιϹĸҲ˼գ㹶Ӳдʵû壬顣
ѩ˵
¥ǱĶΪĸףĹͷҲȫǸһ֣㣬ܹȫ¥ƵŶС
ѩãǼеɬ
ѾҲû˱Ҹʣ붾нϹĸʮպϣ¥
ѩսȭͷָݽƤȴʹ
췢ɬĺʵ֪ǽ֪ˣΣ
ǸӱͲ֪Ҳ˸С
ֻΪҲһģ᲻ܾ̾˵ĺܵʳϸ˵ᱣߵˣĸף֪Ϊܲģܲ뱲ǶҪ֮У
¥ЦˣЦݾмִ飺ԭУ޶ӾȻѪģѾ˼ߵߡ
ѩס
ЩˣǰˣӦú޵ģǲ֪ΪΣ޲
¥ʵԣѪ⣬壬Ǹһ֣ǱӦþһֻ̤ײĵģ˶ãȱӵҲмֵȱ˵¼Ҳиѩ׵ģûиʲô󣬱Ϊʲôϣܳȫ׵һ⡣¥΢
ѩ룬˵ʲô
ʲô˵
һԸ׵һһԸֻϣԼĺܰƽ£ССԸȫ
¥УϹĸɡ
ˣ˵棬дӻȡһСС̴ľУ̴ľйطŵϣÿ磬ѪιһΣʮ죬ɼϡ
¥СС̴ľ
ѩ¥ҪˣΪֶߣҪҪ
ѩ¥һ⣬Ҫ¥Ǩŭô죿
㲻õ¥ʻǨŭ㣬ֻҪȫƵϣҲǱвȵģԡ¥·𿴳ʲô˵
ڶС
ֵүص£ӵΪүϧӹҲԹԡ
¥̾˿ˡ
лصӦõġ
Ժ鷿оֱ뿪ѩȴأһ·صػصɽԺʼƲ
¥ʱѾϣɽԺƻԷٴСϵĻƿһ÷õˮɣԱߵϲ⣬æ׼š
ѩԶ˽ģѾź¥ʴ룬̰ٴĴϣȸ¥Ҩһࡣ
̫ʱûнʳҪȳһʳůθѩСŵ¥ʵǰר̸㰾ģʱ쳢
¥ʷ֣˯һѩ̬ȶ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳʵˣͷʼࡣ
¥ź࣬ѩ˵ʱûдˣֻЩ⻹úţʮٳ߶
¥Ҳ֪û˵ûͷҲûӦ
˲ϻ϶ʮִģ¥ʲѩҲƽϣ¥ʺʱٺˣʳȻٳԶ
ֱӽ¥ǰˡ
ЩĿɿڴĵĵش󣬾ȻδүͬԹԵүǰĶ
Ϊ¥ҪȻ¥ȴһԵؽˡ
ѩôã϶ҹɫȥߣ
á
¥˶ϣ¥ʳߣһЩ𣿻ûﲻ
¥Լࣺû
ѩ׹˵ʹ϶ø¥ʹɵСӣӢֱĿɰ
µҹûʱ亮ѩ¥ɽԺĳߣںͤһȦ󣬿ʱ磬ɽԺȦӡ
ԭѩѾܴˣǼ޵žĲʲôôľ¥סɽԺ
޽ôãδȫϤĸԺ䡣
ҹܰԶԶţѩ¥ʻҲ࣬¥ʾǺܺã˵ѩ˵Ҫô˵Ҫô˵ůĻҪô˵ҹľա
˵̫Ͷе飬¥ʺȻͷһĶ
ѩԱƵ̱죬¥ʵĶҲͣ
Լɽ洫˵
տʼԷСһһģ˵ʲôѩҲֱֻܷʲô𽥵ģܴһ£ʼԽԽ
ūҲ֪Ϊʲôūںܺ£ѵҪū澰ѸеĺõүǿĹѪһˣʲôŮ˿
С㣬±˲֪𣿡¥
֪֪ˣū澱һū澸еĺ޹ģǻʼҵĹѪ˾ͨı£ܶū澸еĺʲô
¥ԼǱѾúˣ˵ĿҲǳ㲻֪ʲôҪҵ
ǽǵѩʵϲ¥ʣǻȥɣ
¥ʡš
ѩ¥תһ̧ͷȴ˷վ߻żѾߺ裬ѩΡ
εǷ
ڶһƺݺݵɿϣ޵ݣȻˣҲԵʮֵߵȥһ嵽˼ɽ档
ţ𣬱ϳѾһһкˣܶū澣ū澻үĹ⣬ˡ
Ѿ߱ǰڵɪɪġ
¥ͻȻֵķŵɫҰףվڼɽı߽ǴǰһֻԴ飬һ䡰Ȼȥˡ̧ž뿪ˡ
Ǳ㻳еѾ߻ڵȣүүȾū澰
Ȼ¥ߵƮƮһƬƲʣѹûѾߵĻѾһףԲ۾ֵŷ
ѩĿࡣ
δ˸ҵˣ¥ǡʵ
Ѿ߼¥תͷѩűߣȾū澣һʤ߼ǹתĺˣȾū澣ū澻źӣū澲޹ģū澵ĺ޹İ
⧲˺˿ѩúǼ֡
ܣҲĿһʬվԭؽάȣҲ㣬飬ʵֲָֻš
˵ſ۷ɩ֮ͨˣ㲻ú¡
Ѿսս£
ǸɷѹˣЩûоͬүĴŮˣ
µҪ
Ѿ߲ͣظѩͷū澣ūԸţūһʬķݶϣȾū澣Ⱦū澵ĺӡ
ѩ̾˵ɩͨƴġ
ƹѾߣ¥ʻɽԺѾ߻谴ȥԺ
صɽԺ¥Ϊβˣ
ѾشˣֲҾȣûʸ֣ҽֵô󣬺ܿͻᴫȫ֪ɩǸˣôġѩ
˶٣мźƵģֲ˾䣺ϧˡ
ϧʲô
ѩЦеࣺϧһС
¥һۡ
Ȼѩϣ˲δѾʲô˽տһѾźʳסУֱƽ
ѩ˵ʱֻһЦ
ûգٴεɽԺ¥ʣһϢ̫ˡ
¥ʱʱںѩģ֪ǲΪϢĺ˵طѩץס϶ɱ˽ĵһ֡
ѩӣˡ

 37 


¥ʿ, Ȼһ, ϵĺӰȫӵ˵ϣڵϵʱ򷢳ġžӹһء
ѩ֪ڷʲô衣
ϴԼǱס, ̲ס˼
ѩ̧ͷ, һ֡ǲв¥ʣ̫㷢ôĻʲô̫Ӷɻ, ѵû𣿡
šüͷѩ, ǵ, ѩ˵ʲô˵Ļ
¥ѩбȥһ񣺡죡
ѩ, 뵽̫ٵ̫˽µĶԻ¥ÿռ̫ķ, кȻһͷ
ûпܡ
, ܣȻý, ¥ʹľŹֵ, ǲܵ, ǲܣ˵ͨ
ת뵽̫, Ȼ˽͡
¥̫ӦвǳĽ飬̫Ǹ, ¥ʱΪ̫еϧ˵̫̫Ǹĺӣܲ
ѩ˼תǧأȻ¥Ǹ֮, Ȼ̫Ǹλã˺ӶȻǺ£ĵλͻȵȻѾ·㲻ɻͷʲôأ
¥ʲ
֪̫Щ飬ȻѾȥˣҲվȵģû˸裬ãѩ
֪ѩˡ
ĥ¥ɫ˫ڵһѩҲ֪ʲôмֹӡ
ͷ΢
¥ʵȥ
ЩԸ¥ʼȻȴҲӣ˹֣׼˳ȥȴѩⶼˣչ߰ɡ
¥ʣ¥ûͬ˼ˡ
Ϊ⡣
ѩĻ¥Ȼôã
ѩϵɺܼ򵥣Ͼ¥ֵµѰ¥ʶζ֪¥ʵĺܶ飬ѩò˽¥һ㡣
Ȼ߳һׯô֪֪ˣܰսʤ¥ʶ˽⣬̸һأ
ѩԿʹ֮רóһʢţԼţΪѩԼ࣬ЦݵдȻٷѩ̬ȶǲ䲻ȵģ׽Ҳ硣
ǡôûʧΪ档
ϣѩˣס
һٷβʱѩ̵ؿڣϵȻѾˣȴϹƣЩӣ嶼ܲǰ顣
ϵĻӦʮֹٷӦġ
չ߰¶ˣѩĵʡ
ꡣ
ǰ¥ʲʮ꣬Ǹ۵С꣬ȴѾ¥߰£˵¥ʮʱܿѾժ¥ܾˣ˵ʧ
¥ӣܽӴЩ߰ĽˣĿܾʧʱ򣬱ժ¥
ѩЦǰ壬չܸ껹δ뿪й˵ı£ѹܵǰء
ԣϲɵضЦ⣬룬Ȼ
ѩ˲裬˿ڣ˵ҼôãδӶ˭ôģ˰ýǰȻ̫չˡ
ĥѩ˼ֹ
ѩһ
˵ݶϣ˵Ǿ̫ԽˣǣѩţԼݡ
۽Ƴ¥ҼٴĴϣѩתҼȥ
չѾ뿪ˡѩ
¥ʼؿһۣԺ¡
ѩδʱӦ¥ʿҲ԰׵٣ϵֹһʱ˼⸴ӡ
¥ʺĹҲ¥ʶĸ飬֮Ĳ岻Ů֮룬Ҳǲܡ
ֻҪͷһðѩ;ãƵܡ
⣬ʳڡ
չӵֻǸպõŵʱҲԷǲϲţȻԡѩ
мӲȻǶ¥ʵĻ
¥鼫ѩ̬ⷬȸڼŭıأȥǰۡ
ѩڻʱ¥ʾȻٴ޶˶ôĻ䲻ϴڻϣ¥ͻȻƢʱվࡣ
֮ǰջһ˫ɡ
ѩԼĻ˼ֿ϶ʱ¥ʵĿⶼòͬ΢΢۾˫˿׹Ͳ¼ɡ
̶תߡ
¥ʶʲôǰסѩŵƨҷŵ˳ȥǴݵš
ȥ¥ġ
ѩͷֱ¥ʵ۾һȵ񣬿¥ʼ
֪Լ˵ˣǸҲ֪ԼסѩֵΪʲôֻ֪ǲסܾҲˡ
²¥ʺܲܣԲҲδͳ
ЩѩĺܶѾñȽζԴԺļλӡ
үϾǻϵ׵ܵܣ̫׶ӣǰ˺ɲء
ػûҪˣϾ̤Ϊ¥ʵһ͵ػ䣬ػ俴ҿϿ¿Ӷ񣬴Ż뽫ֶţ˭ڸԼܣԶػ䣬˳ӡ
¥¥¥ˣֻҪǲԼҲҲʹ죬ڶ˺ˣҶ沣湦þͳɡ
ʣµ¥ʡ
ѩ¥ʵܸӡ
ԼˣǺöʱ־ԼûǣڴϣѰѿغýࡣ
ѩҲԼƢģõʱ¥һ鲻õʱԼѾǸҪĹǸ߰ͷ­ԼΪ¥ĪƢ
ο¥ʸûжġ
һƻӿ¥ʵ֣Ӷ͸߸ϣүߣҲҲߣÿ
ѩһ¥ʵֻӿЩ¥ƵҶ¥ڻǸӣ治װ¥ʵ
¥ˡ

 38 

ѩĿת, һ°òһıӰ
¥ǰΪԼ޵øγϵѩ, ȫ޷Ǹѩ͸ոյѩϵһΪԼ飬ԭȻԼ飿
Ҳ, Ҳ
¥ش, , ͵ظԼһڲ, תֺƵ, Ĳѡڱĵϡ
ŵ˸
ѩصμ, óϽʰ󣺡ʰʲô
ҡѩԼࡣ
ɫ, ҲҶ, ̿ʼʰʵҲûʲôʰ, ̸ʲôѩ, ԴöӦо, ѾֻʰЩÿնҪõ֬ˮۺһЩΣԵʰѡ
¥˯һ, ȥźСү, ˡ
¥üͷһ壺ˣ
ʡǼ˼Ѿ͵ѰҪõĶѾ߻ˣߵʱɫǳѿ
ǿˡɫǳѿ⼸, ڱǴһԹ뿪ģүҲ̫ˡ
¥ҲǴүƢ߾ߣñٻˡ
Ӭūſȷǲٻˡ
¥ԣȻ᲻صһţýȢһȥӻ
˵ˣԼܱ뿪
¥ΪѩֻˣˣƢȥˣɽԺһվɣȴѩ˿ļ뷨ʼҡˡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת죬ɽԺĸλǶæѧæѧ»ӣʮѩ䲻ڣȴûһ
ɽԺĴʮ־¥ÿջɳԵʵŹĸζɽҩŹǡŹǡŹǡ
¥Ϊⶾ˵𽥿һձһպã˯һձһ٣ϴŵʱ򣬼鲻òӣЦүɽԺ񰲾˲٣
¥ʵıһ˵ʲô
ڨЦūŲ˵ʲôūž˵ɽԺڰˣү˯Ҳû˳ү˰ɣūź£
¥ں˯⡣
ý֣˵ǲǺܹ֣
ֹǹְһڣԼ˵ͷڨЦһֲУүôأ̫ˣү¡
¥ƨߣ
ɲЦ˵ģ۵øĸαƵģ֪ɣϴͻ̫ͬŻ£Թ鷿ջسûȥˣɼҵ˶۰
̾˿ܾ谮Ļ³ƽһ᲻ãүͻĻأ
¥ʲûҪ˼ʵҲˣվĽǶȣͦ޹ģȻԩ
ʵͦõġܽ
¥ЦˣҺã
ˣһأʱûΪһӣµڴɰ²µأ֮ūûá
С¥ʣ̽ʣүҪȥӻ
¥ʣҪȥȥ
˱죬˵ˣȥƨãȥܰӻԸΪ¥һ˵ģϧ治ð
¥ڴɵҹշת˯ţĻһֱڶ߻صصöˣͱϴԣԼȷùˣѩ˵ͻңҲʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôʱŻ
ˣô죿룬Ͳ˭ϡ
¥Ժ˯ˣڶվͱȥԺ¥鷿¥һȥԱߵ̫ʦϣʣң
¥ϣ˵ѩˣ
¥ʣʮ˵ôػŸոո㣿
¥ͳ¥ʵͷң¥ɽӹһͽӵ鷿棬ЦΪһСʱôҾôң
ȣЦ˰Ӹ鶼ûˡ
¥ž˺üΪ¥Ǿ䡰˰ûƢòȶ󣬲ŻˣܿҪˡ
¥ʵЦݽӲ˼֣оԼļƱһ¡
¥ƪɽԺԴӱѩӹܺ󣬾ͱͰңǸļ²ģԭġ
ѹ¥ڲˣǰһ£¥иܳʱģѩмֱ¡
ʲô¥ʡ
¥εĻشʮ֮вµģѵػûԼĸ͹˭
ѩ֪Т˹ֵ飬ұͶ㲻㾹֪βˣ㡭
ѵûУ¥ʲͷش¥ֱ˵ôɣ
¥ݴȻǴϺȥѩӻ
¥رɴС
¥

¥ԼΪ¥бԼĳ⣬¥ʰʮͬ¥ȥˣƺһ֧˶飬ǸмҪɱе˼
֧ʱ˶е¡
˵ʲôȷʡ
¥̬ãĸѩظأôûһ
ý̫Ǵ߳ˣ¥ʾȻĸˣҪ֪ǰ¥¥ǰǸӵгν·ˡ
µ״̬ڻصո˿ˣѩڻ԰͡
ȥ¥ʵ
԰ﶼŮͣ㲻ʺȥȥٸԺɣȥ̫̫źȲ衣
¥ȥ˰ٸԺ̫̫ءӴⲻʲôˣӴȽŲãͲӭˡ
¥̫̫Ķ档
̫̫첱ۣ˵ϵĶѾˣҿɫȷ˺ֻܶ࣬¾ͲɫһˣϧӴ
̫̫ҡҡͷ
¥էȻٸԺͱ̫̫һҲû̫ĸоϾĶ񶾵Ļʵ̫̫̫̫࣬㣬Ķ䡣
˷粻ţԼĸѩظ
̫̫ͻʾô£
ֻѩظûб˼롣¥ʵ
̫̫뵽ԼŮܵίһ¥ʣŮѩճǧС㣬Сʮίܹãվ㻮ƣϵİ̺۶ûȥְ㸸һӣ켸ҹ²Щǰϵģ֪ﵽ˶ί񵹺ã㾹Ȼܽң
̫̫ĿŻѪѩ̫ˡ

 39 

˵˵, ˼Ҿ̲ס, һ߿һ䣺¥ʣѩż, ߾, ȥȥ, Ǹ, ԼϺ˼, ô۸ô۸ġ
Աߵͷ亹, ǼүƢģ˸ôѵ, Ҫŭ, ָһСĻ˶ԷԴ
¥һˣ͸̫̫һˤ
˼ҹͷ, ôһ, ̫̫͵ýˡ
¥ʻûر, ʼնȵţûҪˤ̫̫ļ, ţ̫̫ѵ, ֺûС
̫̫˵鵽Ũʱ˲۽ǣ̾ѩȻѾ޸㣬Ƿ֮ìҲö˵ʲô, ԸȥҲֹϣԼĴ󣬸Ĺ£Ϊ֮
̫̫߶߶һѣ¥ûӦüͷҸ˵أû
¥ʲͷҺΪ֮ˡ
̫̫̬ȲҪʼ߶Ѿ߽̫̫ͼλ밲ˡ
ǶŮ̫̫ͣ¥ʵȥһܡ
ѩһͬоѧʿŮķïĵմŮïʫ¥ûġ
̫̫̫̫Цʣÿɺã԰Ļÿ𣿡
һһش⣬ֹ̫̫еϲ˳ȥڷͣѵǹѩöˣŶ׼ˣǶҪŲŻȥؾн͵Լһ
̫̫ͰףǺܿЦź̫̫˵
ķѩĽҪЩԱ߻վһӣЦʣλǣ
¥ʹѾ˽¸˵ˣѩشߵСˣԼǸһġ
һΪ⡣
ʹûȥĹʣ˵ޱȣ棿
ķЦҲ֪ĸ޵˴Ĺѩλ֮ˣƢ̫á
ķͷҲ׷ʵ֮ˣ
Ƣﲻˣ˵˵
ѩôãƲģҲȥ˵úܣѩҪȥ͹Ͳǰ
ǻϻӴ˾еûûѩҲվԱߣ˵Ǳķʣʲô֮ˣСƵģʲô֮ˣ
¥ʣ
Сʲô
ķһ˵öԣλүƢֱȳˮˮһǱǷƵģƢǸǼҳ㷹뷢ƢͷƢʱص㣬ʱ䳤ˣܱѩ
¥ʣ
ÿ˵ҪԼˣ¥ֻúЦǲһˣ֪ѩôڱأ
öǷðֶҿԣԭүоȻǰ⡣
˲ίʵ
ѩȿڲ۽ƳԼЦʮǳǰÿîҪ𴲣Ѿһˮźү𴲸£źԷȲ裬źЪϸˮϴţźԡޣǻԼǧСź˵ӣôȥҺܿͻˡ
̫̫
Ů˵еˡ
үƢһžܰ߷ɣ⽿СǲģȴͬǶҪóΪĸĿܱѹ۸Ǿ͵ŸһӰɡѩ̾
үҲ̫ˣžΪѩеί
ѩҲûʲôԼ̫įϲĥ˰ɣǿɲ˵Ļѽ˼ǳĺܡ
㿴ңҿ㣬¥ʵĻǲ˵ģΪѩеϧ
ѩʲôʱźˣ˵ĹǶһ׷׺ˣžͼһŻĹӴ߳
ѩЦݣҲô˵ǶԲҴߵĶ飿
ķ͵λˡ
ո¥ʳĹסһ̾үȻ㣬㡭׿ȻѩҲ̫ǫˡ
ȼˣȻҪ¥ûǣֱߵѩǰһظ
ѩһҲǷ֮ìܱϾ꾩Ǿû˿Ż£˶ȻΪÿնܼ尾
¥ˣѩİȴô͵ͷ΢̧°ͣ¥ʣߵģߵúúõģʲô
΢Դ˫˸۵ף˾Ķǵ
¥ʣҴ˳
ʲô⣿
Ķﻮ£⻹һƱ㣬ô
ѩЦˣȱĶһƱ𣿡
¥ʣɽԺ
ɽԺ꾩ռĶɽˮȪѩûȥǸλ÷ǳöҷ羰ĵط
ѩ˲ģЦβסش۾ЦʣİɽԺңһԼȳ׷ӣɲܷڰ
¥Цˣʲôʱ˵㻰ˣ
ѩЦеأá
ķһڹǣ
νƶơ䲻ո˭һӶӵģ˭ϲصʲôʱظģ
һɽԺͰͨˣѩ
ôҲǽģôڽǮջ֮أ
¥ʣʲôʱظ
ɣȳǾͻȥ
¥ķ㡣
¥ʻ̸
Ŀ¥뿪̫̫εصѩһۣȻ֪˵ʲôãѩͷԼĿʶʱģƲԳԷǴŻɵ顣
¥Ź֣ȻԼˣȥҲûȥֻԸȥǱ¥ǿаȥ
Ȼ¥ʻ׼̨£ǲ˳̨ߣǾڸԼҿͷ
ĶһƱɽԺ̹˵ѩãԼûп٣ֵǣ¥ʵԴǱż𣬾Ȼ
ִүɵó顣
ѩûף˶ûס
ķѩ˵үܲ𣿶ܲýɽԺ͸㣿ܲ㣿
ѩмֵ⣺ң˭Ǹ°ȥ
ķѩ˽ģѩʵǸʮ԰Ĺѩ˵ҲеѩһԶɽԺ⡣
ķѩļ磺ͣһһ㡣
ѩ̿
˼λѩص̸󣬸һ̤鷿ͱ¥ѩϣûܽӴʱ͸ⲻڡ

 40 

ϺͶȾһ㱡졣
ߵſҡ
˵С¥ʿ°, ʹԼ۾
ѩ, ͰףѵԼûվף˵С, δ˵
зĲŽС
С, СָƤ׾ٷǳ㿡, ˵үģÿ, ôѵҿҲ𣿡ѩ޹
¥ʣݡ
ע⵽ѩĳˡ㡱, ν
ү̵ú, ѩҡҡͷϽſ, Ҳ
ϲʲôƣ¥, ѩϣΣϲһ㣿
ã
Ƽֱ̫̫, ѩѸպ, , ¥ȴѩȥſ, ˿˿ô죿ҿû
үūš
Ļڼѩ¥ʵϺȻֹ, ͣһŵӣ̶ƿʲôɾĶ㣬æ˳ȥ
ǹš
ѩ
һ, ˳¥ʡ
һֱϻѩδ¥˵һ֣ףһͲϿϡĸ֡
¥ʾ棬ֵĽʻ治ʱشǺ«ġƵġ֬ˮ۵ġ
¥ͣҪʡүкηԸʱ򣬾ͼ¥ʾֱǺ«СȥС˼󴮱Ǻ«
ߵʱǲƵģַȥеıǺ«ˡ
С˵úϲ£죬һֱڸ¥ʵл
ͳ㿴Ŀɿڴ
¥űǺ«صеıǺ«ѩǰһ飺ҸˣŸˣѿˡ
ѩһѱǺ«ٿ¥һҪӣЦʣôǺ«ǸҳԵ𣿡
¥ʵͷ
еݶԻȻѹΪΪ𣿡
¥һ±ơ
ǲûԹǺ«
ûԹ¥ʺܳʵ
һ
Ҳʳ
ѩʼˣ¥ʣˣңǲǸóһǺ«㶼Ը⣬ôû⣬㻹ʲôˣ
ʹأ¥ʾȻ˵ͦе
ѩһǺ«ݵǰһűǺ«ҾͲˡ
¥ʾŮеôߣǲӦ÷㣬ѩ΢΢ŴǣﵴЩĲ⣬ǲżֽ
¥ʺͿؽӹ˱Ǻ«
ᣡųһţ¥ʾܲ˵üͷ
ͣߴŮӵЦ¥ʶȥѩ鼫õһǺ«ҧһź
ﻯ׽
һűǺ«ȥ¥ʼһӣü𣿡
ҪﻯȻſʼҧɽ髣Ͳˣֶǲܶԣݻܲˣպٳһԣ
¥Ƿ˲ŻٳһţѩѾˣȻĥԼ
ѩˣÿڸˣô뵽ҵģ
ͷģ¥ʶ˶٣ֲ䣺Ҳͷ͵ģֻΪΪ졣
˼ǣҸ㣬ҲǱƵġ
ѩȻΪ̫Ĵ߳ˣԭЩ˵鲻֪ΪκȻЩ᲻¡
˭֪¥ʽֵҶġ
ѩ䴽ǡ
صɽԺѩó㽫¥ıǺ«ȥڶүǺ«ĻʹԺ֪ӴԺͶ˶˵ˡ
ˣ¥ʻؽѩҲܿ꾩ǴΪ˱˲෹̸ʡ
ѩֻ֪һЦδġ
ػ֪үĶɽԺѩºûż켸ҹãؽ
Ҷϧͷ밲ʱͱػ˲ëǷػץס¥Ѿ߻е齫ͷ̧˻Ҷϧͷһãһһ磬ֱػźе΢˵ŷǻȥ
ҶϧԼֱԩͷԩǷƵشɫһˮѿ
ķĸʹ죬ĸȴûʲôҶϧСΪԼƽ׻Ǻ۸
ߣ˵Щʲôã
˵ǸܣҶϧסһһ汧Թĸ壬ĵǿӲأڷĵҲǣʹ۸˵ҪǸ⻰һû
Ͼǳ
˵Ǹĵõǲǣǣмֱ£ƣȻˣδšҶϧ߶
˼м䣬ÿĵĸ죬ĸǹùģҶϧ̾Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
סŲתͷƳҶϧΪأ
ΪΪʲô
Ƕѹ磬ѹ磬Ϊʤ˻˭
⻹ʣ𱰣ĸţĵϱȻĸʤˣĵֵùһʱҲֲһǵĸġ
ЦڣҲĵöĸТ˳ΪԽĵ÷ĸ
Ҷϧ˵ǷѾ͡
¥ʺػͬˮļƣүһǲ죬Ͱֵд
úҶϧͷԴҵȼС˶˵̧žߡ
ҶϧԴתתģҲû׷˵ƣ˱죬̧ſ첽ȥãȵҡ
ϢɽԺѩֻһЦػϲˣȥںˣĶⳤģԽڣͻὫԭվߵԶǶԷǺ¡
Ͳ¶˺˼ǺϾΪҲ֮֡
ǾҪ˺Ͷ˵ӻûˣѩĥԼƯָף˵׼˾Բᡣ
Ǳ˵Ǹӵġ
¥߽ǡ⻰ѩ̧ЦʣҪҪָףָ׵Ĺɺˣ֤ƯƯġ
˫ЦģһȻĶ
¥ħƵģҲûͻ˾䣺á
źʶȥ¥ʾѩԱߣָ׵ģʮ棬΢΢Դ¥ʵĽǶȣպܿƯԶɽü
üʮֺÿ޼ģһ֣һʣֻȻɵȻסֵָҲʮƯƵģ޳
ָ޵ɷǺÿӨԲ󣬿ž;ʮֿɰ
¥벻ףΪλѩëŮӣǿһǰһٿһۣĶҪˡ
Ȼ¥Ǹɷ羰ģ˾ɷ羰Ļˣ

 41 

Ҹ, ץҲ, ѩ˵Դͷ㣬Ϊ, Ҳ
Ҳû
ʼʱ, ѩ, ҹ, ָ, Ҽ޵˲, ҾͲôޡ
¥ʱˡ
ѩĸ²ТĹϵ꾩Ƕ֪ģҴûȥǸм, ֮Ĺϵ, ȻҲĥҡ
ûǲ㣬㵱Σ
¥ʾѩǸֵ, , Ƥûв, ͸Ҹĸа壬Ҫô, ֲµ, Ѳɻֵ˺ã
ѩЦ㲻ǰ𣿡
¥ʣ
ӣΪݶĥʱ㻹ң㻹ˣ˶٣ƺáˡԱ˼, 㻹ˣ
¥޷
㣬ֻҪ㻹վŴͲ׶ҡ
ô֪ң
㣬µҪֻи㡣
Ҳң¥
˫ٵķ绪ת䣬ŽĹ⣬ǰµģôʱʵҲǸѪˣЩֻǽħˣʵͲ˽㣬㲻ˡ
¥治ң
ͷ𣿡
¥ʳĬ
𣿡
¥ʳĬ
ûͷۣҲңΪʲôҪ㣿ѩЦЦͷָףǱˣҺǲͬ
ﲻͬ¥˳ʵ
ѩǳȻȻΪҳñǶƯòη塣
¥Цˡ
¥ʽһֱںܲ״̬뵽ѩָʱڷЦϬΪѩĹ͡
¥߶꣬Ѿܾû¥ǰˬʵЦˣǸпǼүȢ˸ӡ
뵱ǻΪηҪѩүү۹⵱治Ѱܱġ
ɽԺ˺Щӣѩÿֻ㡢չ¥ʵ壬СӹʮУ֮࣬ĬĬصӣ𽥳
ʮաաա
ҹ˷硣
źʱ磬ѩѾٳ
׼¥ϴţЦеأҪүȥ٣˵һء
¥һ족񣺡࣡
ٺٵЦ
Ҳ¥˵ʲôŵظЬûʼϴأżˮеūóյȵˮ
˵꣬Сūϴ˳ȥ
ѩһסӳѩʮ೤̲סѩ׷ɵĶգɪĺͱѩص硣
¥߽ȥʱͶ룬Ȼδĵ
һסӳѩ꣬ԼԼҲչڵͳֻһ΢ӣм֡ڳ衱⾳
¥ʵĿģһ׺֣ƻֱеУ˵дҴҵĽŲ˽һӣӴԺǱ߳ˣǸϽȥһ˰ɡ
ʲô£¥ʡ
صүˡ
ҷѵ죬ϺõٺȻһңѩָ
ѽôôСģ۵ǰȥѩ֣æӸѩֹѪû°ɣ
ѩûӦӵģգպǵʮ졣
ƻӦѾϹĸȡˡ
ҩӹס˿ڣֳһ߲סȥЩûӦ¥ʣŸʲôߣ
ѾСϡ
¥ǱѩӴԺģԺſڵӼ¥ʹȫֱӽǷ˽ȥ¥ԷΧˣ¥û˶ڡ
үڲϣ۾΢΢ţģʮ
̫ҽڸ
ѩȥʣôˣ
ػ俴Ǿһӻ˭ģϽߣү뿴ǡ
ү棬ѩ붥תͷʷɩôˣ
֮»صͻȻεˡ
ү屾ͲãΪѪϹƣÿշѪѵͻȻ£ѩ⡣
̫ҽˣǾȻ֪
ػǣ
Ըʱʱ̿ӴԺԺĶ̫ҽӴԺǲǵڻڹ
ػֱ̫ˡ
ѩŬƽԼŭȻδȫȥڴϵүȻŴ͵شڴڵѪ
ѩԲ۾ֱš
̫ҽҡҡͷ¹Ϊˣүˡ
үѪǰӸүǵѪգ˴ӭү󣬷ү뿿ڴӭϡ
ү˻ЩεЦ£ҵԼǻ٢ҲѾҡ
һ˰ţҿҲҴ
ѩñЩɬۿȾʪ⡣
ү̫ҽѩ´ѩæȥү¥ʣ鷿
һȴû˸ʲô
¥Ĭظȥ
ӴԺԺ鷿кܳһξ룬ү߲ô·л̧˼үһ·̧Ժ鷿
鷿йɺŨϢѩ¥˽ȥ
ѩүӼϷǷ׷˳ȥүߵ鷿ŵǸǰȡһשһ߶¥ʺѩ˵鷿İҾͲ⸱ĺ棬Ҫˡ
¥ʣ˵ʲô
¥˼ֿȳһѪѩæϵѪȥ
¥ϲֻ֪ʹˣܶ鶼ùܣҾҪˣ֮ǰҪĵƵļȥеĲƲڽЩƲȫ㣬Ҫ
¥ͣΪϡ㸮Щ£
ѩҡͷ¥ʣүܸô˵
¥û
ѩ㲻ù⸱ӣֻǣ¥ʣϡҲùܣϡҲùܣ¥򿪰ҵţҽ
ѩʶ࣬ûиȥſڵǡ
¥ʽȥŷ֣ⰵٲȻһСر⣬Ÿ챦顢䡢±֮ӦоУװŷĺӶ߰˸
¥㳤¥Ѿˣ㲻ᣬ¥鹢ֱֱֱ׵ˣ¥Ը࣬ص¥̣ͻСֱ̫ãȫ¡ŮͷҲֻ
¥ʾÿЦ
ǸӺͲԸʱѲԳ¥ͽΪжд̣Ϊ򣬲ֻż˾ƿʱŻὫ§ﱧһҲǸӼеʱ̡
ˣǸĻ
Ӷӣһֱ˳۵Ķӡ
¥ʼЦʲô£ɱ˵ı𣿡
¥ʻ˯Ǵ꣬¥ŵʱпȥ֮岻ʣڸкΪе鷳ǡ
ԴӲܳº徲˲٣˼һյس˺ܶ࣬¥ʵ䳰ȷѲǰüࡣ
οһˣҲûоüˡ
¥˰ҵţ̵ذһȥִĳȡһϻӣϻһóݸ¥ʣ̳УƵã֪ģҾͲ˵ˣϣ֮ܽ;ϡ
¥ʲӡ

 42 

ѩż, Ϊ¥ʽʲô, ۿүͿ첻ˣʱ¥ٸɳʲô׵ĲТ֮үѩϼ˪
㲻Ҫ¥ʧ
˵ҶļҵȤ
¥ԼվЩ, ˫ѾЩ, ̫ʦԻ, йĲ
֪ΪʲôԸ, ЩҶܽ, , һк, Բϡݼҵ
¥, ѩֽչĥī
¥վǰһ
¥Ҫ֪, ݼҵ, Ҳһ, ѵҪһҲˣ
¥ʵĸµļױȫ¥, ¥Դ¥޵ʱ, ¥һ¥Լ˲٣Ϊ¥ļױȥ˹˼, һ׼¥ʵġ
¥֪
㳤ԴӼ˼Һʮּѣ̳УҾûиԸˣżֻѹ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪ㳤롣
¥
У¥ľ¥¥޵˼Ҷ꣬δ˼ӣ΢ʣ֪¥ڷҺܼѣΪ
㲻ѵϣҽ¥̣
¥ʣʼֽд֣ѩ֪ԼܲܿʮԾվԶЩ¥Ҳǰǣλ㱾ڱصãΪۻ軨ף
¥䳰ʲô׵ģʲôףԣҵΪλʧҲ׵ģ
ժ¥̥ǣ˭ף
¥ִʵһ٣ȴδ¶ôı顣
ѩԾ
ԣ꣬¥ʧ⣿
ô꣬үҲ֪Եɵģֻװʲô֪
¥ϵĳ̣ЦΪ㲻֪ԭʲô֪Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪʲôûз
¥ͷصؿҳƣ鷿Ŀȴ
Ҳ֪ȥãĿЪȱĸ۰ʱ¥̻̫С̫СҲ¥Ҳһʹࡣ
Ȼô谮Ϊβ߸ϵľλҲ
ŲţȴδҪ̳оλҲڱ㲻£ľλ㲻ġ¥˵
ѩ뵽¥̵棬¥ԣȷǿŵġ
֮ҲƣʱƭˣҲûʲô塣
¥Ѿʣѩǰдѩ߶㲻飬¥ѩѩģѣͰóܰΧ
ѩۿʪƵصͷšһ
¥¥ʵ¥ʣ֮ǰһϣܴӦ顣
¥ʻ¥δ¥̼̳оλУԻعʵʲô
¥һ£Ҫĵӣ𣬲Ʋ֣ǰּܷҡ
ѩ룬¥ĵһҪһֻӬ֪¥ʰ㲻ػ䣬Ҫ¥ʾּң͵ͬ¥ӲֻӬ
¥򴽣á
ּңػȴ᲻֣ȫӦ
¥ڶ£ƴϺܡ
¥ʾԼһЦƾػ֮ޣƾʲôҪƴϣ¥ƾʲôҪƴϣ
⵱ǸЦ
ѩҲ¥ڸ¥ʳ⡣
¥ЦΪҪƴΪҪƴ𣿡
ǰΨһҪҪĿ𣿡¥ȴѵھȪ֮Ҳ԰Ϣ𣿡
¥ʺȻۿ

ǰʱѲȥĸȥĸֻһ¥Ȼѡȥĸƴعڵ̫¥ʹӦ
ҽŮĶӣӲȡģΪܵķĥǳҲԳܵġ
˭¥

ǲܴӦ¥ԸȪ֪Ҳᰲİɣ
˶ʮһˣȴĵڶʮһ꣬òӦһЦԸ¥ʳ˳ر˱۾ʱм͵Ĳɶҡľġ
ѩ˵á
ģгصʯͷѹԼϣ
¥վ¥֣ҡ
¥ʳĬ׻ǰȥ
ҹԽϺ¥ʷ¥ԺߣʱûȥʱȻһĺõӡ
һ·޻ߵ˷ԺסԺӣԺһӦ軹Ƕʮһǰӣ¥߽Էڴ
¥ʺѩ˻֣߰ɣˡ
¥ʲδԶڷԺµ̨ĿԶźԶԶĵطҲ֪ʲô
ѩʹ֪˵ʲôãֻ¥Աš
˽ǳĬ
Ǻڵȣڵ¥˯˻ǽȥź򣬻ߵʲô
ʱһ̣˰ף졣
̫󡢻ϡʺԼ¥ˣδ¥һ̣̫׷ͺڷˣͻ赹˹ȥϺͻʺֽ̫عС
¥ɥǻ񲿺ٳ֣þڷԺȻʱԺȴһࡣ
¥վǰػš
ػվһȺˣЩĸҵĸصңɫδ𣬷Ժȴͨһվ¥ʵǰĵػʮ㡣
ػ¥ʵ
¥ɫף鼫ʱʲô鶼᲻£Ҫ¥飬ɽԺ˯ˡ
£ȣüϣá
߸֣Լ̬࣬ȣޱ顣
ȴӲû˸ǰ
ѩͷۣ¥ȥʬǻδȴѾػ¥Ǽƣָ췭ظ;ݡ
ǰ¥¥˸ɰͰ͵ؿţҿ
¥̼̬ԣػ䣺ĸҪʲô
۾ģǸոտ޹¥ȥСλ幫ʱػ¥ʴ
ػתͷ¥һۣ㶮ʲô¥ʼȻҪ̳оλô͸̳УŹƽҪû
ĸ⻰ʲô˼¥ӹŵ̬վȻǸĵܵģȻӦĵܼ̳УΪҪĵܽ
صҵ¥ʺ¥̶ǵӣһ˼̳һŹƽʲô¶¥ʸռˣ¥ҪôóλҲǲɡο˭֪үԸĻ¥ʴүġ
¥˾ˣ飬ԡ
޳ȥŮóȥˮǹ˼ҸҲֲ֣¥ñ죬û¡ػ
ѩվԱߵؿš
¥ʵ˵ˣϣȡ
ػ㿴ңҿ㣬¥ʣػ˸ȥ

 43 


ǻ˸, , Ųܿصǰ˼ߵǰ̨ԣһ̧ͷ, ȥ¥, ¥ȴδ
ǻ¥ʵעԼ, Ӵ˼, սսǰȥ¥ʵ, Ȼ, ֵ˲䣬˻δô, Ѿ˳ȥ
ǻصڶķ, ӷϹʱһ, Ҳ֪˵, ٳû
˽Ծ, ̲ס˼
Զ˵¥书Ī⣬˼ǻĲ״, Ρ
ػүǰûиӣҪϮ޻˵, үܸ㣬ŮУүľ¥ʣʲôʸ̳
¥, ֻҪҾͺ¥̰ӴǾˮˮصǹǵĶľţΣ
¥̼ΪʲôҪҲᣬˣΪʲôҪ᣿
ػɸ֣ұ죬㲻ߣѵ뱻𣿡
¥̱ģĸΪʲôҪңĸ磬ֲҳˣĸҪԼᣬǲ뿪ġ
ػ侾Ķ䣺㶮ʲôɡ
¥̺۾ػ侾໽С
ѩһǷǷǣҲûŪʲôãǲֻҪ֤ǸԸ¥ʵģͣˣ
֤ػЦô֤
ѩɣˣһ֤ǿġ
ػż
¥ǰѩ¥ȥԺ鷿Ҳ֪Щʲôѩ˵ƶָ֤Ķ
ܣѩó֤
ػݺݵصѩһʱȴ֪Ǻá
¥Ҳżúܣѩ⣬ߵһƧĽ䣬Ը¥ʵģ
ѹػ䲻үԸģ¥š
ѩüң
¥ӭѩĿ⣬˫۾ȵص˵ͷ㡣
ȷǸԸġ
Ҳȷ֤ݣ
Уѩɵص˵ͷдһ飬Ƿ֤ݡ
¥ģѩѾĿй˭̳е⣬үϵػôһǰѾʮ
⣬ϻŲķ⡣
дʮ
¥˿Ǵģ֪齻㱣ܣǽĵܣĵӣҲ֤óġ
ȴѩҾãŲߣ֤Ӧ
˵˭Ҳûע⵽Ȼһˣ˵ָѩ¥ľһ㣬˾ϢԵڵء
ѩгһŷ⣬¶óѵЦ
ʲôˣѾߴе
һ̣¥ѷѾȻһֻһӰϷȥ
Χͷعֵӣܣû׷ϡ
¥ʵɫܵγˮͳ죬Σ꣬ȴ̿Ͷץסҵǲ֪ЩҾȻ˲ȫĻ֮С
زصͷԸκγͷ
˾ֵҲ˹¥ʽѩ¥˾ֵĲӦøһˣһΣͷ
Ϊ⣬̶ֵ
һߣصҳػ˵ͷ
ػЦЦ
ѩʱѾ۾ԼɽԺԷһӴϵ˳һ
ūˡĿڣδ
ѩס֣أɺã
İɣû£Ѿˡ
Ļ䣬¥˽ѩö˶˵ģҲ˿ӣߵſھû£ҪȻҿѴ̡
ǧټҪΪǳܹģѩ´Ь
¥̾˿Ƕˣ
ѩͷˡ
ôðѾˣػ䶨ͱˣҪó֤òĵͲô˳ˡ¥硣
ͷȻֱ㲻عġѩο
¥֪ѩţû취ѩǰ㵭ʲô鶼֮еӣ̾żҲûãȥðɡ
˻δ̤Ժ洫
үĿҶ¥̣ȴ¥ʸˣռ¥ʲԸ⽫үȪ֪Ŀ
ػĿ
ˣǰү½½ˣΧǰػء
ָָ㣬۷׷ף˵¥ʵĲǣΪ¥ƽȰػڰ˳䣬뿪㣬עԼ塣
û˰¥˵
ֱվǰһɣޱ飬Ŀ⵭Ȼ
ѩ¥߽ȥػĿϣػ¥ˣãǵճŮ¥ʰ¥̵Ķ
¥ȥػ䣺ĸ˵ˣҲҪĸҪˣҺĸֵܣֵܺαأ
ػһѽǽƿұ죡
¥̱ػƵһƨɵڵϣί
ѩҵĳֵͷۣС¥Ķ˵˾仰¥꣬۾̶˵ͷá
¥վ¥ʵߣǰ¥ʣĸ˵ûн¥ʣ֤ݣ˵¥̣֤ݣ
ػ䣺
¥µеӲϻ
¥˵¥ʣô¥ΪӣȻԸ¥ʳϮȻҲԸ⽫¥ʼ̳Уǰֻ¥ʺĵߣѵ֤¥ʵأ
ĸ˵ƾ˵¥֤ݣΪĸ飬ĸҲְҳĹŮƾ޾ݽƾһ²˵¥ĸҪ԰¥
ػסˡ
ⲻ¥¥ûôݡ
ػĿѩѩӭߣޱ顣
˴Ķ͵ߣˣѩ¥ʴӦүҪƴػ¥̣ûӦ
ݵΪ¥￪ʼҡķ
¥ƫͷ¥ʵǲһҹû˯
¥û
¥̾˿ôһ䣬ñ㣿
ʲôý͵ģŵ˲Ҳţŵ͵ٶ࣬ҲֻΪڽƱ磬¥ν˵öˣʲô
¥ۿߣδᣬȴֳŸ棬ȻҲֵҲ룬Щ꣬ĸӡ
㡭
¥˵ɤǱסˣҲ˵Ļ
Ȼػ仹ûûˣү¥̣λ¥ʳϮλ¥ʼ̳ܣүôƫġ
µ˾ػ˵׷׸͡
¥ɫѵ¥ż
ѩ̨ףȡһȼ¯ĵģߣĸ;Щ飬Ÿ棬ñ˿ЦøߵòģߵòĿ𣿡

 44 

ػ䡰үǰ, µҺҪֻǲүߵò, ԲҪ־ӵõƽĶԴ
ػһޣһҧгݡ
¥, ҹԿ, 潫еİŶдʮ, λ¥ʵ, Ҳ¥ʵ, 󲿷ּҲ¥ʵġ
¥Ҳֳķ, еһ붼¥ʵ̳Уһ¥¥¥ƽ, ûκһݡ
е, ֻļױ
үƫģػޡ
ô, үȻʲôû, ػޡ
ػÿͷү, ʱǸ˵, ҪӵõƽĶԴֵܲŲ϶, һߣ¥ʾеĶλ, Ҳģүǰ˵ѽңߴңǲ¥ǿռԭ¥̵Ķǲǣ˵ѽ˵ѽ
¥̿ʮжڵϣ޵ӡ
ѩ˵ĸҪ֤ݣеġ
ػ̧ͷüͷһ塣
үҹѾˣͲѩһݳֻҪѩòүĲƲǼŮƽ䣬¥̲ôĺô
¥ƫͷؿѩһۡ
С˽үൽˡ
Ĺ֮ףܻأ¥˽ƣ¥֮ʱǰ̽˵үк֣ô֣ľ֣ѩ򴽣ԼȻеš
¥̧ţȥӭ֡
ѩΪ⣬Ϊ¥ǲмӦЩģȴȻֵʮӵӡ
˶¥ʡ
ϣ¥ʹֳ񣺡ԶߣֶδԶӭ򲮸֡
Ŀǰݲ԰׵ˣип¥ǴС¥ʵ׽Ҳй֮ԵǸ˼ϼŮˣʱ⣬ڣѲ˾Ͷˡ
ǰˣĲɵ⣬¥ʵļû˵
¥߽ãԸĵȼݵϣĹּݣȻ嵽¯
ֶ¥ʵ㸸ʱǰ㣬ˣϣܱ㸸Ը¶׵ˡ
¥ʵԸңԲʧ
ػվ۾ֵ࣬ãĹ֮ףˣһΪҪռš
⣺飿 
¥ʲ
ѩͣǸԸӼ̳еģռĸʱֵڣ׻Σ
ػ޺޵صѩ˵ƾүϲӣܽѩţĴζײң֪
ѩµЦĸĸТĸǰͷģҪТȵһĸϱĲŻĸԸТ
ػݷ
ĵһƪһƪ˵㣬Ҳø˵Ϊӽػ
¥ż򲮸ȷǸԸĵܵġ
̧֣仰¥̱졣
¥ʬδΪЩ֮ﳳ¥ֲðʵĺֳ̾˿һʧ͸ӣֵһУ¥ǰѾŵʮ¥׿ڸߺ£̫оϡ
˵¥ŵ˭Ȼǵ̫̫λߣ£û˸˼ҡ
¥ޱ飬û֪ʲô
¥򲮸ЦˣֻĸҪĵܽֳ㣬򲮸˼ȻĸоϣȻ˵ʲô˼һհ졣
ֵȻˣվŪֳ
򲮸ֶȥʹĸ¥ʵ
ػʱˣȻҪ̫
¥ǰ£Ϊ֪̫ˣܳ¥ʳϺͻʺȻ󣬵ײˣ˳顣
Ȼ¥ȴɵػֹȥʹ
򲮸ȵƫϢǸ򲮸Щֶס档¥̧ƫߡ
¥ʱϾᣬǰֱӸöԿִеͰģ¥ֻ޺
ֱؿ¥һۣƫϢ
¥ȥĹܼҰܹܣܹʱ͸үߣҲһж죬һ˻ʹһʱ
̫󻹲ܹܴүǰһ飬˫ֳʽ֡
̫˵֪ڴˣ֪Գκӣ˼岻ãԹС˽ת࣬൱ܹܵ
ػɫ˲ɷס
ôһ飿
ү˶׼Ҫư
ѩ˿ʱδ˵ĻүıԶǣ֤ӦֻϵǷ飬ԭ޴
ִӰܹӹ򿪡
¥Ϊ£ֶ°ţ
һҶ¥ʼ̳λκ˶Դ飬㲻ˣҶ¥ʸ
¥۾Ȼ䣬Ӳ
ڶйزƲ֮֡ڶйزƲķдüΪϸָ˭լӷָ˭ӷָ˭ַָ˭ÿ˷ֵöٵдװף˵ûзֳȥĶ¥ʼ̳С
ѩ֪ж฻ԣֻ֪үзָ¥̵桢լӶѾǽɽɽ
ǰּܷңִּңֻܴޣҶ¥ܴκζǰᵽķָ¥̵Ķ¥У󣬲¥ء
Ǿ䡰¥ءͼΪˣֱӶػּҵͷ
ѩòүػ䵱¥ʱ°ߣΪ֮ˣĶӻ̳λҪ÷Ҫꡣ
Ȼʵܾ⣿
ʮӶʮӽػҪ¥ѹŹˣֻܿ¥ʵɫ񲻱һͱܣ
үǾ¥ƴϵĻѵү벻¥ʵƴǲŰҪ¥ʶػ䱰ϥ¥ʡ
үϵĳͷ
ģҶ¥ʽˣκ˾ʹȨ๡
ػȻصڵϡ
ּܷҪʱ˶ɵˣֻּңû뵽үµһֽȴе롣
ֺ飬߰¥ʵļ磺ˣ·ҳɲҪ㸸ΰһ·ء
¥ʴӲлعֵü֣л򲮸㡣
ص˵ͷ
¥̽ػӵϷĸû°ɣ
ػûֵ࣬Ҳүĸӣ飬Ҫ鵽ǲүдҲүôġ
ػһ˶ǲš
Ҳ˵ɵŪ٣黹̫͹ģڵֿ̫Ҫδš
Ȼൽ࣬ػɣŲæԡ
˴ѧʿտŹ˶Ϊ֤ƽһػԼ룬ػïԭïĸн顣
ȴλ֮˵ĵģѩվȶˣλ¸֮˲٣ΧǷǰоãӡµּٵīֽ⣬һһУʮΪػķڷï
飬ȷүд
ػҲ⡣
ֻǱһ˿ҵ̬ȣ˿ұʱеվסλ˻ΣЩԵҶ¥̼ʱס
¥̵ϣǺǵЦ״ħ衣

 45 

Ȼ, ¥̵, ҡҡλεسߣ૵ʮޣʮ, ҵǱȲýǸ˰
ǰ, Ȳ, Ȳ, 
¥̿ػħ, һƨ̨, 
¥Ĺ餶¶ʮ޽ĺᣬ, ϸ˿, Ķƺٶˣִൽ
, ¥ʡ¥¥ǰĿһһ, ɫҹ, 𽥻ָ壬Ѿߵò, ѩȴûп¥ʡ
Ҳ֪¥ʺ, ѩһ·ҵԺ鷿
鷿үĸүڵʱ򣬳үͷԺ鷿˶Ծǽ, ¥ʺػȶ̤롣
үǰ˼¥ʣû¥ʵɣҲҪ
鷿ͷĸ˽й٣ѩӿ棿
ٻصڡ
š
ٳɣ⡭
鷿ﴫ¥ʵ
Ϊѩ鷿ţ̧ѩȥ¥ʷԸҪ鷿ţֱӷˡ
ٹӦ
˳ȥǹš
¥ʾԵ̫ʦϣͷƽϵ飬뿪ǰתģܣԷּҵʱΪƲֳ֮
飬¥Ѿı飬ļãѾһֲȫˣΪʲôҪ
¥Ҳ֪
ѩ¥ʣǰ飬гġ
¥̧ͷ
һ棬ûᵽּҵ飬ƲҲͬǸڳͷϣͷ͵ҵ顣ѩȻֻҵĸ˲²⡣
дҵǷϣһƲ㣬ʣµһɶƽ䣬Ҫּңܴʮ֮һĸĲƲļױʱ䣬̫ǺУžҪּҵͷǳͷɡ
¥ʵĶҵǷ飬ûǷּңȴһƲ㣬Ķ̫٣ֱӵ˰ɣΪͦԶġ
¥ʳûӻ
Ϊʲôڶ˵ּܷңϾҪҲǺܾ֮ˣʱӦѾ촦ˣּңҲ˲˸ǸҲôš
¥ʵоô͸
ѩͷĿҲǷϣ֪뵽ʲô˵ʵҾãӦͦģֻǣı֪ôĸ飬ֻܰһϸ㣬Щ˹ĵ飬Ĳǵֻע𣿡
ѩЩõ⡣
¥ʷǵ֮ˣΪʲô˶˵ѧְأ
⸸̫Ť̫šͣí˾ͶԷܣϵԽԽүʱ򣬶ȻǴźİɡ
źֱǸ֮ĹϵҲûô͡
¥ѩĻ̫ˡ
Ѱ棬ѩῴɫͲپԣת㣬˵ոѾˡ
¥ʡš
Ұ˼Ըȥˣպ󳷰ףȫ´طһ꣬ͷߺʽϮԺԭⲻؾסڵԺŲط
š
УϲˣΪ꣬;񲻼ãӴԺϢڴϲʱͷ˸ȣѾȥ̫ҽ
š
˵̫廹δã£Խȥһ˼ҡ
ѩ꣬վ¥ʻǷ鿴̲ס¥ʣʵȥȻѾȥˣȫȫعȥˣӣ˻Ҫǰġ
ѩ̧ߣֱ¥ʽס
£
ȥѹܼҵȨõ֣ϼƹԺ
ѩŶҲ뷨¥ˣһ̯ӣ¥ʺҲ̣¥ʼȻͲ̵ܼϹԺԺȻһСһ֣Զûͣʱ
׼뿪С
ѩƤȻ¡
¥ʲûѩֱܿ鷿Уй˹֣ӣΪһ룬ιܺܿȬˡ
Ƕ͸¥ģҪһ룬¥Ҳûйػɣ˵ͷ
ѩ˿Уֿ˿¥ʣ˵ʲôסˣ˳ȥǸжɣ鷿ȥ󣬾ֱȥӴԺ
̫ҽѾˣ˵Ƿ纮ҩЩעȻҩˣѩ߽ӴԺʱ¥źػҩ
¥ػĲԹһҹ֮䳤⼸Ѿ࣬Ǹֻ֪绨ѩµˡ
ѩѩ񣺡ɩ
ѩţ̶ػĴǰվ̬ȿȥºͣĸɺЩˣ
ػһҩ¶ǣӲ˲մȾҩ֭İɣˣҲðڳ⸱ʵӣҲûˣ˭أ
¥ػ־̵ĻεԴ
ѩĸ㽫ҵĹľ֮⣬ûʲôö˵ģֱ˵ιĿˣĸԺĹܼ֮Ȩĸ׼ʲôʱתϱң
ػӾͳѩȥ˶ԭĺβһûأȨҹ
ػͻȻδѩ˺֣ԼϷӽס񶪲ɾĶһֱӶڵϡ
ĸ¥ʲȫ꾩֪¥ʽԺԺȻţԺһ⣬Ժһ⣬ǵοŮô̵ģӡˣһУ¥ʵġ
ԺĹȨҲýҲýȫؽ뱻ȶӵؽѡȨȫҲͷ߹ˣҸظͳɣѩ̬ʮǿӲ
¥̱ѩһĻ˵ôס벻ΪʲôǸȥɩͻȻͱ˷
ѩ¥̺¥ʵֵܹϵ΢ĸʵý¥ʵɺˮޣĥĥģĥĥģǸǰӦ飬İɣ߾ܣƴġ
¥ʻƴ
Ǻǣ⵱ǽЦ
ػ޺޵㲻ðү¥˵ûһڱ˵ַԣһǧټҪңҹúãǣЦ
ػ¥ʵѾ裬ǷܹıģѩӦֶ񶾵˼ʱֻԼ
ĸҲãҲգӻҵŰɡѩ
ʮѹ֣ѩĸˡ
»תߵſڵʱֺȻסŲͷɫ׵ػ䣬м治ףĵġ
Ҳǵĸ׵ˣĵİ
ػļȻӲ
¥ػ䣺ĸɩǾ仰ʲô˼

 46 

ػûشĻ, ֻＷ֣ȥ
¥̱ػ׺ݵıŵò, Ƶسȥˡ
ѩصɽԺʱлڸ¥ʡ롱˷ˣѩٴĴ, Щ, ʵ, 뵽¥ʻڱ롱, ͸޷ߡ
ѩһֱ, ʱչ, д¥ʵԷһС, װϹĸ
ĸѪܵ, ԼǳԵ̫Ƥ, һһϵ, ѩžö, е㷸Ż
нӸϣڵӹѾĸԵˣʧѪ, ܻе飬óҩŸһ
ѩɫ, ŷθĲʸеͷ
оʣү£򲻴˵
ѩĿڣ˹ݸȲȥĲʸ, ش£зִ磬лвġ
вٶԣָǡ
ѩкѹһʯͷѹе㴭㵣ǵˣϢˡ
ѩڰ֣תȥ¥ʵԷ
㲻Ҹȥ
¥ʵķź򣬼ѩΪ⣬˵Աߣѩȥɣչ
ѩɫأҶʣ˳ȥ
¥˯ԺģܸоԱ߿˯òȣ˯۾۵ӳѩЩ԰㲵
¥ʾ񲻼ãΪڲոҹԸ飬Ϊûаãܹ˵ûУ
˵ˡѩᣬְ¥ҴҴǡ
ô˵
Ȼͬ⣬ֲ˵㣬İɣܸ㶨ϡ¥ʵ棬ٳƺػΪĸҲĵػ䲻䡣
ذǰӻҪġ
вˣ
Ҳв𣿡ѩ˵ΪȻҲȷΪ˺¥˵ػ飬ҲǵһвˣҷˣеӲӲģΪҺ۸ء
¥ζؿۣצӻͦ
л佱ѩЦȴԼЦ
¥ʾ쵽쳣ôˣ
ѩ¸˵
ʲô£
һҪ£һ֪飬һ㲻Ը֪Ҳ飬ѩ֣¥ʣϣǷ֮䲻ƭұ㡣
¥ʣ˺ܾþ飬¥Ȩ֪үΪһУĶҲ֪
¥вõԤУ˵
ѩеĶҪҪ黨ϹƣϹĸֻ̫ͣӹƣӹһ壬ͻڣڲɱͻΣҪɱӹƣͱùĸ壬ɡ
¥ʣ֪أ֪Ҫ㺦ˣ
еĳ
ѩսȭͷ㲻ġ
¥ʶмַʲô˼
ڸղţѾùĸڵӹƣѩҲ㣬Ҳƭ㣬֪Ȩֻѡ㡣
¥ɫף˭ģ
ѩҧҧǸ
¥һ˿Ѫɫʾ
¥ʣңһңӵĶӴӴ˲вңҳȫû취ܾѩۿ
Ϊʲô¥ʡ
¥ʣʱνͶԵò԰ףѩҪӲͷƤ˵ȥ˱۾ٿʱѾࡣ
ҲǸԼԸͷĸԸΪһ飬ĶӣЩ꣬ûн㻤֮£ΣΪʲôѪιϹĸ顣
Ϊ㣬㣬Ĳ㣬ᴫ㣬λҲᴫ㣬ǧټҼ޸㡣
ڴ̳λϣܱ˼ҵ־ػ
¥ʺǺЦ
ѩ֪ΪʲôЦӲ¥ʵЦ
ĳ˲䣬¥ʵЦȻȻֹڱҡ
ѩ
ʲôүͷܱʲôֻϣ¥ܺúõػȥи
и
ǵģѩȻˣүϣ¥Ϊ׳ķݶϣúػúػˣƴֵܣƴϡ
ֻ¥Լ⡣
ѩ¥ʵĿֻͬǵҪ㣬˶ѡ
¥̧ͷͷĲɫᣣûлӦѩĻκȥɡ
𣿡ѩĵʡ
ȥ
ѩľƣ¥ʶԣ¥ǹҲûǲҲãʲôҲܿƵģֻϣ¥ܺúõģŬ
ѩɻشϣ˯Ժ֮ʣ˻ѣˡ
ʲôˣѩڴϣûɵʡ
ԺﻳеǸѾߣСˡ
Ļ˵ѩٿȻһͦӴҸ¡
һ·Ьźѩϣһ߼˹˵ȥѰūʹΪʲôȥƼң¸ܣ˵ˣڶ˵𣬸鶼ˡ
ѩöͻͻ
򲻹ڷԸ飬ҪȥҪݷɣȻȹؼʱѩƸǿ顣
ȥûУѩʡ
֪ϵѾڵһʱȥˡ
ߣȥ
ҹ֪ѩԹˣԵſӭҲѩʣ㾶ֱҹģͷĵܹʵҵĲǡ
죬ɩؿ
еɸֵѾҲ֪ô£ҹҪȥéҲ֪ţԼСĵһӣ˾ʹ̨ϹѪǱסˣͿܱܲסˣߣֳ£겻
ѩδߵѾסӣ洫ҽ
ӰҵĺӣˣūһҪסū澶Ӱ
ҵĺӰ
ŴѪˮ߳ѩŲһ٣оԴе㷸Ρ
ĵã㻹ûأۻ࣬ͲҪȥˣסֱۣңҲǴȥҲûС
йѾߵļ˷Ļˣйū澵ĺӣˣǰɫģɫĹˣȾū澵ĺӡ
ѩɫء
ĥɫ͵ԼСۻ˵˹ǱŵˣԺӸɸɾģʲô
ѩѹĵ׵ľ㵣̾˿ոͷߣзʦ£ɩǲ⣬÷ʦ˳ɩԺȥȥСΣ

ѩס֣вްɩ
ƺȻ˿ӣЦЦҲá
ҾͲȥˣѾߵһȴˣǻҪɩΪЩʱգʧ˺ӣȣҪɩൣˡѩϵ˵
˵ͷĵá
ѩûͣɽԺ·ϣСѩߵѾרźéλû㣿źӣȻСĵģ˹Ȼʹ̨ϵ
ѩһָǱ߱һꡱĶ
ʵʵʵʵ飬ĺѾûˣȥ׷εĸû壬ѵҪΪһ͵͵Ѿɩ˺𣿡
ѩźҡҡͷӻڣһᾡһϾ޹ǺѾûˣҲܵͷ
һˣҲֻΪȷӻڲڡ
ܾȣˣҲҪǸδСܾȣûʲôˣϾǸѾҲܡ
⸮ѾߣǶĸͬ˽ȥ˵Ĵǻˣ
ΪȻ˵ǡ
ū澺Ȼ뵽һ⡣
ʲô
û޽ôãүûȥŮ˷Ъѩı飬ңүҲӲķЪ
ѩ˸ɣ廹δ𣿡
㣺˵ǡ
͸˼سɽԺߣŵʱѩ룬ֳ㲹䣺үĺϷɣ˵ǰͦϲȥ˹ݵġ
˹꾩*Ժ
Ϸ磿ͻȻðѩŵ˸ѩ̧ͷȥſȳӡ
ֻһվ͵ƣƹƣǸոͷ˵ûעﻹˣͻȻôһţɫɷ
㵣ǵѩ¥Ϊ˸ոյĻѩ
ѩ¡
ҹ¶أǹݵţѩʵ컹δôˣ
¥ûлشĻѩڻܸż˸ܺú˵͵ҸոոѾֻ˵ģûǸ˼
¥վѩǰһ۾ӸµĽգڲŽͣü
ҡ
ѩһҡָճڣ¥ʺȻᱧҼȥ
ѩȥļ磺¥ʣԼķ䡣
㲻˵ֻϷ֤㿴ѩŵϣȥѣַ׼׾ͽ⿪˻ۣһ֣ͽѩϵ˵ϡ
ѩԲ۾¥ʣˣТأ
һϲ˹ݵ竣ҹǲТڣ¥ʳЦЦѹסѩ˫֣ͷҵӣûȨܾ
ѩӭ˫ڻ谵Ĺɫ۾Ȼ
ã
Թţȡľż
¥ȴȻסˣɿѩǱʲôƵģȻԴѩľ䡣
ѩȻӲ
ϸ۵ľȵᣬľʽõҲ̲סһĶʹ
֣¥ʵĺ󱳣ǰһίĺӡ
¥ʣǰģ˵Խʣȥģȥġ
ϵ΢΢Դѩķ䣬ʧʹޡ
ѩأ                        
лҪ˵лһֱ벻Сɰǣôôա

 47 

Ҳ֪˶, Ҳһʱ, Ҳһʱôã¥ʵƽѩ΢΢˲, ԼԱߡ
˵ϡ
̫, Ƶ, ʼ¥˵
ɩԺǸѾС, ûбס, ˲֪ܻܲ, ɩԼϸպýὫԺȨתң, ҾҪæ, Ҫ˽ԺЩˣʲô, ֱʲô, Ҫ, һ˲ᣬʵ, ٴΣұҪʼԺˡ
¥ʰ
ЩϰѿԺ, ԺﵽߣұҪϴЩȫߣ½һƥѾ߽, ½Ҫ¸˰źʵĲ£ЩڸзģǲǲŬµĸξΡ
߶߶¥˵Ժ󼴽飬ƻк¥ʱڳԺǶ߰飬ѩĻȻ
ίķʽԼ
¥ͷйֵĸܡ
еůеɬ˵
ѩ˵ԼļƻֵԺȫòģһõģҲùܣӦҪá

ʮɣո˭ǰȥʮӣҪǵŽ̲ĵģֱӶֵ²ҧ˵Ĺ
¥ķá
ѩȨ׼ȫ֧
ô˯ŵģǵˣ˵˵ţϯȺ۾Ժ˵Ż֪˯ˡ
ѩʱԼ¥ʵĻ
Դֱϣһ۾Ϳ¥Щ԰׵ĿݵùֵףȾʹϺĺ
ѩЩ졣
˶ȣ뽫Լȴ¥ʵ³Ȼһ¥ʾ۾Ŀԣѩ㣬޲Ҹطȥ
ƫ¥Ƿ´½Ƶģʲô
ѩ
ֲǵһһŴϣôô飿
ǿ벻̣ѩһų߹ȥ¥۵á˻һıɱ׷򰡣
ѩʹʱ´ϵĶϣתͷ¥ʵûӣʹ㻹ܲˣôô飿
¥ʴ˴һ˵ʲô߲ߣ
ѩ˻
˵¥ʷ쭣ת󲽳Ҽ䡣
һЦյıʹ׵˾⣬ѩϣӽն졣
ѾڶҼźˣѩһ˲ڶҼ䣬ȴҼ䣬Ѿ߾ʹʲôʣʲô˵רźѩϴ
źӴԺǱߵ˿ⷿĶơ
̫˵ӽԺ㽻ʽӹܣӽԺһӦٲ֣ȫƾ
ѩóѶƽˣȥĸ˵Ҳʧġ
һ۽üҾ
ѩûκʧ¥ǰԣõƺ󣬾ͽԼĽӹܼƻһʵʩԺ˸ѪĿҪػϣҪػЩԺõĸȫߡ
ʱ䣬Ժѩüֱ
Ժ˶ػЩĸѩҪǣǾܵӴԺػߣЩЩػﰵ˲ϲ̨飬Թҵ֮ǶСģƨʺûɾͿʼһͨ¡
ػ䲻׼ѩˣѩЩ˵ĳһһػ˵ԺڲĻµػ࣬˺ѩƯ
ػ纮δãÿ춼Щܵǰ˳ͷۣһҩȥ˺ûкãࡣ
ڴͷ
¥Լû˵ҪûϽ˹ؽӴԺĴţ˭Ҳ׼ŽػЪϢ˼졣
Щ¼ػǳŲֻܺƤתͷȥѩٸһλᣬƫѩ̬ȱ˭ǿӲ¥ʳм²Ҫ£ѩһ֣˰Ǽ¸ʮӣɱӺʮǻſ뿪ֻסػׯȥ
ǣ֮Уүͷ߾Ȼ˳˳زٳˣ;ûгأʱԣ÷ʦȥ˵Ժһ¡
ԺһֱѮ
ԭԺܹܱѩǿƸϳĻԴˣԺعƽЪѾС˸˾ְææ⣬һۿȥмٵӣǰһ
ⶼ˳ν¥ΪѩΪ
ѩէһе㲻ӦоԼƺ˲ʮ꣬źֻǸڶޢ껪ഺŮ
ԺѾò˰ɣѩͷʮƷﾡ֮ɫóȥȡʮ͸
̧ͷʱȴĿһֱ¥ʵϡ
΢΢ͷ˫ֽһ𣬷ǰϰ¥ʵķбҪ˼
¥ͷڿԺ˱Լءš¹ѻʱǻõʱˣͲöˡ
ԭΪԺǶ߰鵽Ҫô룬ѩ
⣬ֺξڱӣЩҳһŵ飬ֻ轫һһȥɡ
̬ҪǿӲҪѪȻ飬Чѡ
ӹݸһֱ¥ʣ㻽üŻȻ±ѩʲôƵģԵúǻ̻̲
ѩЦȥæɡ
ɨ¥ʣ鲻Ըȥ
ͳ¥רĿ˱ʱѩüŪۣ˼Ǹ˼ҪӽүҪС
ѩΪ⡣
Ÿģģһѵܷ˸ܷ˸¥ʷﻹСء
¥ʿ˱һ̧ͷͿѩѾüؽͶ˵ļüŪûȤߡ
Ǹɫ治ܣ㼱
ҹ˭ѩЦʣǹߵߣӵĴҲû׼ǵ߶ѵүȥһţ
㣺ˣū˵
ⷽ¥ʸߣ˾ԺĹū˵СԽˣ뽫ȥׯæһ
СǸѾߣСһֱԲڴججģҩҲЧ˾˵Ժйÿ˼㱣ս˥Ȼǰ˶ˡ
ȻϣСԼԺϾϲɥǾǲģ˿ҲӦԲżҪСߡ
һҪûˡ
ѩе꣬Ѿȥ
ߣѩδüȿڲԺһѾһͬ˻ɫеѿѩСոȥˡ                        
лҪ˵뿪һִģǳģԵԪĵʽÿԪǶͬȡ谮ǣȡһٶûеܷǳȷıʾһůĵҲ̫˰ɡ׷ⱾСɰõĹⱾ鲻ϸģҪǶϸ϶ô󣬲ҵڶ춨Ӹôôա

 48 

ѩסѵһ
˵ð, ȥȰ, Сһ£Сɸɾߡ
ѩСδ̧ΪֻǸһѾ, Ѿߵĺβٰ춼о, ȥ˵, ǰô, ھô졣
˸Ѿ߾רȥȰµ, ǰҲûľ
ѩǾܾ, еҲס
ѩ裬һ, Ȼ˸Ĳ, ǹȴѾȫȻˣҺòײס˸ľ, ܲΪһѾ߾ɣ

ɩ֪, ҵѴ, 򣬽һηڰ
ţ˵ǡ
ȥͰҵĻԭⲻظɩ, ѩ˿ڲ裬, ȥæɡ
ٴĴϣĻɫ˳ЦļӵǶ˵ͦȵ, ǲ֪ܶ˶á
ûбˣ˵˼ֹ˼ɡ
裺ڽأʦ飬ܳȥλ±λѾܲסµ̫ҪѶԸ
ȭͷѶԸҲҪԸϵô꣬ò̵ͷˣѵҪź򲻳ɣ
̾˿ҿѡ
ҲҪһԣڱСôѩֵַԣһͷײˣ˷߷ߵ
Ӵҵڣֻɲ˵ѽ಻Ȱ
ͷ۵ǣתʵźСǸѾߣôˣ
ׯסأȾ˷纮Щ춼ǽ٣˵Ѿߵĸ绹ֵأأİɣӵġ
ֻ˵͡
ļ磺𼱣Ϳˣ·Լѡģġ
Ѿˣүˡ
ȥ
¥ɫʮѿүļϼһεټ֮ССЩܾüﲻ̫ƽܾûҪ£̤ţСˡ
¥Сû飬Ѿ߱鷿źģ˾ƣС˯ͻˣ¥⣬ϲСҲϲСĺӡ
ﻹһĸϻǲֻϣСĸܾ뿪ߡ
óԸȴδеһɡ
¥ϷɫپͷƤ飬ʶ볯ˣȴǰһšס¥Ķ䡣
Ӵ㣬۰¥С
㻹֪ۣҧгݣ˼ҹʱôû뵽˼ҹҲ۵ģںûˣ˼ҹҲûˣ㻹֪ۣ
¥Լ޹Ҷ͹ٱˣҺˣҲ֪ҸʲôôץŲأǺԼСĵûģֲҺģʲôϵԼҲˣã˵йͿȥҺĹˡ
ɫ˲ɷףס¥Խ
ø¥̸ûκε壬ʵȥ˵ּҵ飬˵ûУ
ⲻǺĵܱȸѸ㣬ô˵
ô˵ܵܣ͸˵ֳȥ𣿡¥Ķ侾ͨ죬Ծòϵ
¥ϴ
òԼȥ˵¥밴ס֣ëĸϻ˰컹û֡
۾ǰүȥСĸӵȥѩԼɷǸ˭˵˻һѹͷϣ÷ί
¥ֱЩҲڻôࡣ
¥еܣҲ˵Ҳ֪ĵǸӣʱὣɱˣҿͷô˵
һӶǵģĵܣֲɱ㣬ʲô
¥Ҳ֪Ϊʲô£ֻҪ¥ʵĿϣ;˫ȴ˵Ҳ춼˵һĻ
ǰ첻ģҪȥԼȥ¥ҡҡͷƿ˳ȥ
ϵĲѾͳĺȥ¥ıϣ۵ӴһͶˡ
վſڵźѾǸʹԴǼװʲôûп
Сĺ°ú˵ͱ͵ɽˣѩԸ֣¾ͷƪᡣ
Щ¥ʺѩһæԺһæԺȻϻסͬһԺӣǼĴȴָ
ʱ¥ʻѩѾ˯ˣ¥ʳ磬ѩδ˾һ춼棬ָæһֱѮ
³ߣۡ
ѩڸգͲסҪߣ³գ˴һ°ɫȹװȥͶõ¥ͷ
¥Ƿĳ֣ˮĳӣѩĿͷǼõĹ۾̨ÿԿ۵ȫ
ǰϰ˸Сԣ۳һ֣Ҳ֪ѩȥϲ֧ûóóɼôģʼ᲻¡
еʳ֮ζĸо
ū澿²ߣΪûжүţ㽫õĸɹŵѩǰС˵
ɡѩ˵
ϵۻеݱѩȴû˼ٿóʰظ˸߳ѩȴۼؿһϤӰ
޳¥ʡ
󻹸ż֮ˣбԺϣмѩδӦ㣬ǰͷ¥ʺȻס˽Ųתͷ
ѩæ˰䡣
Тڣճ͵ģδ¥ᣬʵⷽҪ󲢲Ͽѩܾòá
ţ㶼ЩģϾѩʵӦóû뵽Ȼᵱײ¥ʣ˭Ҳ²׼׻᲻ᷢ
ȳĵǺ£ѩҪԵõȻࡣ
ðʡ
Ϊʲô¥ʻ¥
Ժ϶ժ¥ˣôոո¥ߵģժ¥ˣ
ժ¥Ǻִڣ
ڵĶô£˵书书֮ˣжǶ˭£Ŀʲô
һѩԺ̲סȥ̽¥ʺȺժ¥˵̸ʲô顣
ѩûҲֻˡ
үҲ¥ô죿ʡ
ţȻҲĶ¥ʺȺ˶ˣٳȥʡһСĺǴ棬˴˶˵ѩ
ô˵㶼
ȻƻõģʵǲпģѩҲû뵽һȣ͵ȵڣʱ磬ٲܶѩҲȣ뿪
еƣ֪ǻ̸ôãһˡ
¥꾩ľ¥˴ĴǸѩ¥ߣȴرסȥ·
ѩüǰǸģ㿡εӣԼǺ˾ƣ˿ģվѩǰһŨҵľѩıꡣ
ѩΪʣס΢˼
Ƶ뿪Ǻȴٴǰӻкüͬ飬һѩʶŶǬ
λӶȵģذ¥ݵķϿЦ
ѩǰ뽫ǵסǵ·ƿȴһѽͷѩЦЦⲻѩ𣿡
ѩ˶˵վ¥ϣӸµӣδ
Ůӳ˼ޣͲͬ˰뵱Ҫѩһ棬ǷѾǧҲѰ쵽~Ӵһá

 49 

һŨҵľ, Ƶѩ̲ס˺ü, ̧ȣü΢΢£ÿ
ãȥﰡԹЦүҾ, ҾͲ, ܰôţ
ѩƤûĵ, ż뿪, ͸û˼˷ʱ䡣
СŲСشԾ, ѩٿس˳ǣ㵱治ã
, ̽˫ֺ˫Ȳڳһ֣үͲ, ү, ү·
¥, , ¥һ, 
˫ۻأĬĬվ¥, Լֱ¡
¥ʶ￴֣ʲô
˵ѩͦ, ¥ʳ¾ͽ߰ʰˣҪôӦƤ
վ¥ϵѩ, СĲӵͷȥ

¥˲ɱĲҽνС̾¥ȾƳԷˣ˴Ӹ̽ͷ뿴ô¡
ѩһЦ̵Ĳˮսӵͷʱ͵ת˺ڣʱŲǹ̵Ĳˮ¥֮ϣ˳¥һֱ
Ǭӵİ˼־ƣҪȥѩ֣ǰסĲ֣侲侲㣬ǿǵʦĵճŮˣ嶯ˣСҷȥ
ĲѩùˮԴͷƤһըѰʹʹ;ƾĴ̼£ȫɥʧǡ
һѽǬƿŭָѩıӣʦŮôˣôˣ˭㣿û˵ʱͲҴţװһߵӸ˭ôôͲסįˣȴүҰ·
ѵ
һըѵ¥ѩ˵ֱӵĲԴϣֱӽĲſˡ
ȫš
̶ָܿѩոʹ̫ľʱֱе΢ʹ˦˦֣¥ݣĲһۡ
ĲԴΣڵϰû
¥ĻƸ˾ֵûȣһ֪ǲˣû˸ǰ԰Ǭ˵ƵĽĲӵϷ
ĲͷҵðѪһĨԼʹĶͷһֵѪŭգ־Ҫȥѩ
ȻֲŸջӳȥѩкԶľ룬ͱһѲ֪Ķذ׸̴ˡ
໡
ĲһɤӼֱʯ쾪¥İв˲ѩذ׷ķȥͿ¥ʾӸµվ¥ϣ沿ʮֵȻ
ͻȻֵ¥óһֹİ֮УֻĲİ
¥ʴ¥·ѩߵʱһּΪȻƽѩǣ߰ɣؼˡ
ѩе£ʵҪ¥Ӣ۾ǵͻȻ֣ػߵ̬վǰʱļ⻹̲ס˲
Ǭ¥ްȻʱ˿ڿˮ
ȥ·ϣѩһֱĬ˵¥ʼձտڲԣѩҲýԼΪʲôͻȻ¥
Ĵǰ¥ҪȥԺ鷿ѩʹ㾶ֱɽԺ¥ȴֱס󣬽鷿ķ
ѩҲ¥ȥ鷿
ѩΪ¥ҪȻ鷿ϰҲ¥лҪ˵ӣһֱϷ˱һһһֱû
£Ȼȥˡѩ
¥ûӦ
ѩĺľ¥ʣڸ˵ûУ
ˣûһȹԹš
кãѩ£ȥ¥Ϊ˿ۣûԭ㻹ʲôҪʵûеĻҾˡ
¥ʴ˱̧ͷ
ѩȴĻ֪˵ʲôǲ˵һТڣʱȥ۸ʺϣǣ֪Ҳȥ߶ҵļҳԷҿۣĶڣֻһˣοһТڣҸӦóţҶ֪
¥ʼһѣЩЦʵǰ¶ô𣿡
ѩһ㶣ʲô⣿
¥վߵѩǰͷ۾ڵ˫ͫӿζЦѩҷҡ
ʲôһѩЦĪ
˹°ͣЩΪˣıƭˡ
ѩµ°ڡ
¥ʹǰһ鷢ָƣĵشתĴһζĻȣû뵽С㣬ӣͦɰġ
ɰ
ѩѸȾΣڵرȥ¥Ϸʵı顣
ڵϷ
ʶ㣬ѩܿ쵭ˣ¥ʵ㲻ҽȥ¥ۡ
ΪʲôҪ˭涨Тڲܿ۵𣿡¥Ȼطʡ
ѩһҭú¥˼άѵ˸̸һȥתƻȥ¥ʲô
¥ʵƳһۣûش
ѩҲʣתԵǸĲ֣᲻ʲô鷳
ǸƷ٣ʵȨĲǸӵܣǬ˶ǳԺζͨǬ磬ǬƷãھƺ£¥˵˵ʱֶԴ˷ǳ˽ţҺǬֵģӶСٸĲʮӣھ֮ܵ¡
ңˣˣͻյĺ񡣡
ѩΪ⣺ôƶ
¥ЦЦѩһ
ѩ¥ʵĿͲɵ
һ磬ѩδ𴲣Ѿ߽˵ķ
˵ķˣĲ
ѩش˸Ƿʰ׵ɽԺӼͣŲ裬߽һɫطͷ긾Ů
δκΣ߽ݺ󣬶˵͹ѩǰѩͷ䣬ǲТĲƺײ񸾽֮񸾽𷣡
һҪܷ̬Ȳνļˣǰ⸾Ůôһ򣬿ٴŭܸȥһ롣
ƫѩǵġ
ҲżƵؽѷŵϺĲ̫ҽֻҽͷû°ɣ
ڵϣݻǵλһأѩȻĲƣȴûҪ˼ѩԾŭδ
ߵ׵лģүĴǲТӿͷϵƲ޴󰭣˵¾ܺãȴͬذȻѾȡ˳ȥ˵˾ٲǰǰˣֵڷˡ
ϣѩܿĲһֵֻķݶϣյҹȥ
ǲТӳײŭķˣҲã񸾲ΪǲТ˵ʲôûҲԭ£ֻĪҪΪǲТӶ塣ͷ

 50 

ѩЦЦ, ˵, 㲻ΪǶ飬ֻһζϴ涼վⷽ, 泩
Ǹ˼ɵķˡ
ѩͲ, ǸѾ, ҲΪ, , º͵, ռǺ˾ƣҺүĸƽ, һǿͷǵǸ, һʱ֪ôˡ
˼ǣոûʱȫ, ûзӦ, ǴڵϹôõġ
ڨȻçײ, ֡
ҲǰУҺүʲôʧ, Ҳδȥ, Ҳ˾̣ͷúùܹҹӣܾˡѩ
ѩĻ˼
һ㰮еķݶϣҾͲȥƽðʧˡ
ڶյ, ҺүȥΪǺ۸ΪҶӲδʵԵʧҺүưոݡ
ҶٳҺүǰ򣬺Ը
֪¥ݵֻǻ´Σ¥ʿ¾ͲֻǷһֻôˣҲһӲͷƤĵԭϣ¥ʺѩԷ¥ˣһûֱͨɱĲĲӡ
ѩĻŵ
ֻҪ¥ʲ˵ȥĲĲй߾ͺãͷһúùܽĲٲȥҺȾơ
˴񸾸мү񸾸Щ񣬻Ҫ佫񵥷ϡ
˵Ǳ񣬵һĶ˵Ҳֵǧӡ
¥ϲ
˾ţ񸾺үҹѰ£үİ丩׵
ѩ񵥽㣺ʵڿȥ󣬾ܸ˵үãعҲտ
ǰŻãǾ仰Ķȴֻð档
뿪ʱ룬˵ѩǸĲŮ⡰šǼˣ
ӵĶͷǱѩƵģ
䣬ѩȥǵĽȣѾ߼Ҵҵ̫ˣʱڴǰΡ

Դкδô̫Ǵ߳ģһܵʲô
ѩɻ
̫˱ˣʲô
СѾ߱ѵò̧ͷѩȴѾٵ飬ȥӭ
ͻȻ˺ƺվĴţһ°׳ȹɹŮţ˶˵վڴſڣѩ
֪̫ݵδԶӭ̫ˡѩŵ
̧£ض񣬱Ϊģ·ɡ
ѩȻ
̫¥ǳӣֱΪ̫ӣĵүأүǳûأڳУ»Ǽϣ̫ӣ
УδүޱȣȻѹʵҲطҪϼү
ˣȿɱԳТҲΪ̫ڱ
ѩΪ·̫ˡ
ڹŮĲǰͷԵ¶չˣǱӦģǰӲأл⼸ˡ
ҲֻӦġ
ã㣬Ҫȥػ䡣
ӴԺԭӣסѾûæµˣԺſڵ̬ɢڽѩ
ѩ˵Աߡ
ѩ˹ǰкػѾӭӣػ䣬ػߣһȰοϲǳ£Ҫڰ˳䰡ԼҪ
£ػ俴ѩЦүѾˣҲҪ⣬һŷ˵ۣʵûʲô˼
ѩЦػĻš
Яػ֣ô룬¥ٰ̻أǧҪԼ塣
ȴ΢ػ䵱ǰֱ׵ָѩ¥ʶȨ۸ѩȻûа㷴Ӧ
ֻû
û뵽ѩػϱϵȻѾ⵽ľأˣѾˡ
Ϊ⴫ţʵй֮޲
ػ䰦̾УҲֻʣ¥̻δȢˣ뵽ûгɼңҾүȥˡ
˵ţ̧ᡣ
Ų̣Ӹػᡣ
ػߵҲȥЩģϣֵַܰش¥Ȣӵһ죬ǰ㲻ҹҲܲˡ
ѩƺ֪˵ʲôá
̫㶮֪ﻹǵңϧ˶޵Ҿ˯˶Цѵġػָ̾
ı齩˽
뵱ػĨĨ۽ǵᣬϧˣԴ޺˵Ĺϵٲǰǰˣʱ˵˵ƣֻ롣
ѩϥϵָ˶
۽ɿһۣδ쳣΢ġ
˱ݣұ˵ﶨȻʮģѾ뿪ʱˣҲܱʱҲóȥߣʡƻˡ
ػο˵ң˺ܶ࣬ҷİɣһõģңЩϲ֮׵óѡ
ѩü΢δš
ԱйŮ̫̻عˡ
ǣػݶѩߣѩ󼸲Ǻͷ쵽Ժŵʱػס֣ʵ㻹δ¥ʰɣ
ҡͷ
¥ЩæŴԺ飬ֻ»֪ˣҪȵүߺһֱã˵仰䣬Щ
ѩüĿ
ػ˵ʲô
̫¥ݵޣ¥ʰѪԵմݹϵ¥ʺòҲֲοǴ˳ȥôǣ
ֻжٷԷﴫ
ѩػΨ²ҵ˵Щʲô˸飬æӻүղڸϣ̫⳼檶תүġ
ԱߵĹŮ޺޵صػһֵۣʱˡ
˽ȭͷһΪ˸Լ̫ڱֻΪԿүѾҳʲôӡ
źǣԺδһţһѩĴ¶Եþźǣ׳һΣҵȴ¥ʡ
ź˵үѩĺӰģԻսģʱ磬ûعˣ廹δ㲻ˣذɡ
òһˣȴʲô鶼ûֳػʧ
̫ߣˡԶ͡
ѩһڿ쵽ԺŵʱڹսǴԺ¥ӭ
ѩԼͬɲסŲ
֪ΪΣѩֺĸоʶΪ¥ʺһΪ飬ҡ
Ȼ俴¥ʣƺҲΪ⣬ðûзӦֻһ˫۾¥ʾµϣöδ
ѩо                        
лҪ˵ףλСɰ֣

 51 

¥, ƺδ뵽ײѩ, ĿѩϣɫЩͷһ
ѩ͵̫, Ҫ, ̫š  
ע⵽, ѩ¥ʾȻδ, ¥ȴһȻģ, ѩ, ϰΪ
ƽദģ
ͷ, ˳ɫ
ѩ, ¥ʳˡ
ĿⲢδôϣ, ̬ڵø, 治ǸҪ, ļʹ¥ֳɵսȭͷ, ϲԣӦ΢΢Żү, һգɺã
ѩйĸܸŨ
¥ĮĮģһкá
һ붫, ¥δɽգΣصʧаԱٷѩ޵ݡ
ǿԼ¶Цүãˣȣүæʱע壬ĪҪġ
¥һ񣺡Ȼ
ԱߵŮٴûˡ
ѩҪ˵¥Ѿȹֵ
Цı齩˽ŮٵĲ³ߣƮƮ΢ͽѩ¥ʵĶУ׻˰
˸Уź
ѩ׼ɽԺ·ȴ׼ȥ԰ɻҶϧҶϧѩѩתתʵĵã̫Ѿ˰ɣ
ˡѩش
˾ͺãҶϧظû뵽ǸϣԼźӣҲˡ
ѩ˼˶ЦҲȥ԰תתͬɩһΣ
ȻáҶϧȻеˬشӦˡ
ѩȻ׻ĿģȴҲʣȺҶϧҳԺ½˼ĸȽϻ飬ǰճĹ±ǰ˭ϼ˵ԼԼ޽ǰĽǶ𽥶ϵʵźơ
ȻȻȻ˵˵ฮھӣͬڳΪ٣ȴ˶߶ʵڿϧ
Ҷϧԣת£еֹӡ
ѩժ
ҶϧԺ뷨ѩң¶ѩ˵㣬ǶģΪ¥ӣѩĸϵòġ
ǣûжأҶϧٴο˿ڡ
㲻֪ʵǰ˵ĹϵǼõģķ˺ĸ˾ÿʱ򣬶ϲŮڵ̫ҳСȻҲһΪСҲôܣ𽥴ˣʮˣ˵׵ͣԼСǣ֪ӣôԼģܲס
ѩšʾԼ
ժ¥ѧ˹ץס;ฮܣΪģΪ˼ֺ̫ЩһȣԴ˸ĸٲܺ
Ҷϧ˵ţ£㲻֪ʱжذɣڴĸ£ֱ̫ޣûܴӴʱ˶ΪҪˡ
ѩţľ
粢㿪ţδŮ˽ԻǾ֮£¥ΪӣпһŵȥԣǴ˳ȥǾ֮֡
¥ȢҲһͿˣż̧ͷˣ¥ʲȢⱲӣҲټ޵ú˼ҡ
Ȼִ᷸
ѩ
Ҷϧѩ𾪣͵Ҳ룬̫޺˾ͼôˣ̫Ҳؾصģֻǰúöѡ
úã
ѩĸֵķ̫ᣬԽ¥Υȥоտ¼ժתóȥڻƿţ鿴ȥܳ
ҶϧЦЦ
Щӣѩʵǹ̫˳ˣͷ¥ʳ¥ʶţٶԱԼɷ¥Ҷϧ̲סʡ
ȸѩ˲ʹ죬ѩ飬һ˫
ѩصɽԺʱ¥￴˱ϤĽŲ¥ʲδ̧ͷѾ߸ѩ˲裬ѩ¥ʵԡ
Ժܶ飬̫ϣ˽¼棻ʹϣ¥ʵķ֪к¥ʵͻȻŭиոգ¥ʵ
ѩʵԸţ¥ʺ˽飬룬ʲôᣬ뷨ǱʵƷ
Ųѣµȴ
ʲô¥
ȻĿѩ̴лعɢĿ⻺£¥ʵ϶ĵػӦûʲô
ûʲôҽ㶼û¥ʶ۾һ˵ѵӡ
ѩ̫
¥ʵĿЩȣ̫ǧ֮û뵽ȴܲݸܳʱ̽ϣʵ塣
¥ʳĬ
Ա̫ƣ뵽Լ;ԼʵǶ񶾣ŶŸɣТڵʱȥۣү㣬Ҳѩ΢΢̾˿ѹҵ˺ܶ࣬ϲҵȴ١
¥ʣ㲻ȡ
ţø̫ȣΪʲôѩȻϴżʣΪұȲϣûʸȣûʸᲢۣ
¥̧
ѩȴЦüٷЦ̫ׯ硢󷽣ǽĸµĻʺȻŮ˵ĿģһССδһ֮ĸᲢۣү˵ǣ̫ˡ
˵ţͷԳЦЦ
ˡ¥΢е㲻ϣ¶ݡ
ѩ̧ͷ˵Ǳͬˣ㲻øȡ
ѩ㶡
¥ʼĺá
ȻȻһúܲ˼ĺѩգգ۾װһݻѡ
ѩ˼Ȼ¥ʿڣ߷ˡ
ţͣ
ȥҷķ򡣡¥ָѩȥķ
ѩŶתĬĬߣ·¥ߵʱ򣬺¥˵ҪȥҷҲԣǲѾܾû˯ˣҷɡ
ѩȻը¥ʵ˵ʲô컰
¥ʾ
컰
¥øվߵѩǰӸµѩȥ۾ԴŹԹŮһ
ǰ״ü¥ʵĲ״΢΢һ
ѩ°ͣӭѩʹԼ۾㻹ûлشҵĻأҵķ
Լ˶ӾѩѾϰԼòҲû취¥ڲֻͬеСĶȫɥʧ־
кܼᶨҡͷҪ
ϧ¥ʿǺźҵķ˲ͬء
ѩ࣬ٿ
ʱԼ˵ʲô񶼲ʣʲô˵ʡñ¥סлЦԼ
ת뿪¥ȴֽ˻
ȵ´ѩƬ̵ʧ
ͷ˵ͬشѩĶһˮļ䣬˶
Щӣˣѩ

 52 

ʵûô, Ͼ, һŻǰһվҲֻܱ졣
˵Щš̱沵Ķ
ֶñȽϵ, ͳڱ˵, ô˵Ǳ˵, ңοԼڹ, 벻, Լ˵˲㡣
һ˼, ¥֪, , Ȼòġ
ѩǿѹǹɼ¶, ¥ϵĶҲԷȻ졣
ûʲô, Ӧġ
¥ʱû, ֱԺң¥ʲŷȥ, תȥԺѩ, վһֱĿ¥뿪
Ϊ¥ͻȻᣬѩתͷͽˡ
ص̫¥ҲŸջڴſ, 󻹸һȺŮ¥ҲŲˣһŰߡ
ߴɨԼ̫ƺ顱
顱ͷժ¥ˣǰе⣬û뵽¥ݾȻôͽժ¥˸ˡ
Ӧû˶ˡ
¥ǰԷʮֵᡣ
˫ӵˣߡ¥
Цַ¥ݵģ¥޵ߣŮ̫ǲԶظ¥ˣ
ţӢϣᱣ̫үһ˳ġϸ
¥ûУ
Ų΢΢˶٣̶µسǰߣˡ
˵˻
˵ˡ
˵ʲô
ϲʵĿ¥ݶǶ㲻Σȥһʶ¥֮ʲô˵Ĺϵ
ССͣ¥ϲסֽ˽üͷһ壬šۡ
¥ݳ˳ǣ֪۾͹ԹԻش𱾹⡣
ﾡ裬һ˵ͷ˵Һ¥ʲδ棬ʱԱߣãҺ¥˵Щʲô
¥ݵԽ˼ѩڣ¥ʾͻ˵Щ˲Ļˣȥѵûи˵ܿ¥ʣ
ɫףˣżȻײġ
¥ƺ⡣
¥ʣ¥Ķ֪һΪ̫ӦΪǲǣ߶ЩҲãڹеȤ˵ƣ˵Ǹˣûʲôġ¥ǣһ޵ߣһ
ָֻ糣ոյʲֻĻþ
Ƶص˵ͷ뵽¥ݲϲֻͷҡͷֲһġ
ص޵̫ҽ˼Ժһֱ¥ʽռʱĮס
Ȼ¥Ծɱ䣬ȴδĿⶼδطϣע⵽վѩ
¥ʿѩǳزϲ
һΣУǸ˵ԲĵӣѾԭԽԶˣץ°ڣҧҧ
ʲô£̫ҽĥʡ
ºͣ״˸Уȥ壬뵽ǰºʹƵĳѾһĹЩ˸Уе
ƣĪ¹˵Ļ¹취סеģ˵壬ֻ¹ҲֻΪ
Цл̫ҽѡ
̫ҽ¥ݷıٴγ¥ʣ
ش⣬ҡͷûС
¥һҲûãѾѩɷָѩĴϣȥݷ𣬱ƽǸӡ
úѿ
¥ժ¥ϰһ书Ժܣÿζ͵͵͵͵ߣںӱߣвʪЬµ׻Ǳүˡ
үһ֮Щ¥ʵȣ֪˲࣬ҲԲ٣¥Ҳ֪֪£֮һֱΪ¥˽顣
ôͶûá
Ϊˣ֪¥о綾ͿˣҲûȥ¥һۡ
̫ӣҺ¥ûκ˽飬Ϊʲôǲأ
¥Цšס°ͣû˽ڻĸٵʱ¥ǰȥû˽ѩʾãû˽ȥμʹ磿
û˽飬ͦŴ֪ӻȵʱȻȥ¥ݵָ°ۣҺúû£򱾹Ҫ
ȥ壬ȫΪȥʹ磬ΪͨŮȨĸϵȷȳȥģҸ֪¥ҲȥˣҶѩʾΪʲô̫ӣոջҶѩˣ
ΪԼҵɣûϵ֪صʲôҪȨһȣ¥ʻʣֵһᡣ
ȻԲ۾
¥ݺȻЦķºҸЦأŵģ֪˼ڱϣᱻң
ګګ̫ӵ׾ͺá
¥ݵӽͺڶ̥ҲҪȥˣ̫ҽ˵ʲôıס̫λãֻҲѳá
¥ߺȻû̱
磬̽ʮ࣬üãʮָ̬꣬һͺܾ
ס֣Щճӣ˵ȥүôǰҴкҲ֪ȥ
רΪȥģ֪ͨֵʦڵģǾԵ̫ûгˡ͵
㿼ǵȫҲֻ㣬ʵ㻳Уǲȥݵģȥˣ
˵ͷ
ûʲôɣ
ҡͷûУûж࿴ҡ
ԣĿ̽Ķ˰ɣ˵һЩԣΪ˺屻ҵѩɽԺѩ£һ̯еǺ«ġ
ָһЩ£
ɽԺ¥׵ޣ¥ʶĶӣýɽԺ͸ѩ
ýɽԺ͸ѩʲô

˰ýǸഫ飬ҲһЩһصȥˣȷģ¥ĶģҲǺ£Ͳٲˣ鷳Ӧø˲ǡ
ɫݵı
үǸϣ˽¸˵¥ʵĻ£׿˵㲻ԸģС֪ԼҪʲôԶ־ͱҲһֱϣܳฮİ죬λ붫Щˣǧˡ
ſڱףû롣
û¥ʶѩãʧǵģݽס֣Ůݲͬˣһ̤İǴˣฮҪ꣬·ԼѡģٿۣҲҧӲͷƤȥ
㵱˻ʺ֮ˣ֮ˣȫĽ£ĪΪǶİĳԡ

 53 

ɫ, ԭĸоûд, ǰǸӣѾԶȥˣ, ˶Ȳϵˡ
, ˵, Ҷ֪, Ҷ֪, , ˵ˡ
˽ŮȻʱĶ˵, ȴǸװ׳ԼĿȥߵŮ, Զǰ̰ǰԼġ
, Ҳ, ҪԼݡ
Ȼ, ݲ֪Ůһ˼֮, ͻɥʧǡ
뿪ߵһŮ, Ůһ磬̫ȥϳ󣬽һ͵͵͵ϡ
ѩ˯ҹԺظоޱ, Ȼһ磬˸ʵ˯ѹ
һ̣޳ıѡ
ѩһôôͻȻˣ
¥һźӣ˲ҵķֻ𽵹ҷˣһ˯û˼Ϊɡ
ѩЦãҲҪ㣡
Ҫ¥ʺܼ֡
ѩǸϲߵģ۾˯Լģ¥һֻ̧Դһִֻľڻﱧš
ѩģ
Ǻܿ죬˸оˡ
죬ѩѾڴɴȹȻȰȣȴ㲻öˬ˱һ˯¥ʺѩܿ
¥һŽϵı߿ֱȴִ§ѩҲִشѩϣǶѩԣ¥ʼֱһС¯
ͷðһȦϸ
ѩȥ¥ʣ㲻ÿ㰡
ͷð̵¥ʹִزſ㣬쳣ᶨ˵Ҳȣ˵ƫҺѸоȡ
ѩеҧгݣ㲻߱ӣ
¥ʣǰߵģоȣҰ㽵¡
֪ȣ㻹ҷſѩκν󱳵¥ʵżֱһ¼ʵǽڣôƶԷ˿
صܹ˯ģҷſ㣬ܹأѾ߿ˣȻˣ㰲ֵ㣬ұ˯ȥġ
Ҫˣ
Ҹȷ硣¥ùСϵȣһ§ѩһȷ磬ʮᣬѩ̫ɿ졣
ý¥ʵڷ
¥ϸµ
ܻʾãĵչȴģڣѩʮַ˼
үȥôãԺͰźˣѾЪ˺üգЩӣÿ˵ҲҪһ棬ôǰղԼ࣬ҹȴڵ˲
ѩ˼֮δеɣɵ뵽ĵã¥ڹսǴȻӭ
ʱ¥ʵıܳĿ˭Ҳ˫е׾С
ѩʱһ̲ס룬ʱ¥ʲô
³¥ʽķǲǺյͻȻнⲻĹϵ
뷨һˮͻȻѩͷӺΪ˲˴룬Ȼ;ãҲôˣе㷢䡣
¥ʣôͻȻӣҺѩѹĵ׵Ļɣʡ
¥дĳҶѵǺ£
Ǻãͻĺãеܳ󻹵ȫ³ѩȣԼԼȷ硣
ͻȻת𣿡źÿüë
¥ʳ˳ĴѩǲŰ򣿡
ѩ졣
Ҷ㲻ã˵ҲǸˣҶ˵Ҫôôࣿǲʲô㶼⣿¥ʵΣ
ѩȥڴϣüǰôҵģͻȻʾãҵȻ֣о仰û𣿷й
¥ббţָ⹴ѩһƳ
͵͵ģЩ΢İƣҪϰߡ
ϰʲôѩʶطʡ
ϰҶá˵
ѩס
ôһɲǣ·ԼĶ
бԼǰӣױȵĿ٣ܸߣ˫䣬Цʱ¶ѩ׵ݣе㺢
Ϊľܾĸĺ⣬Ե֭ܵ
Ϊڱ˵ĻԷ侲
𽵹ظܶܶǺ«ϲǺ«װҪԣȴҲǺ«壬ҧһι
˵ĺá
ʱ¥ֽùȼȷ磬ỳŮ΢΢۾˯ɣѾˡ
ѩڱ۾ʱԼĶ
ֻģңԶʮڱ¥ʵʱ򣬶Ϣغ̲ס䴽ǡ
ʱѾźѩ𴲣üЦү컹δˣūǲҪ˯ź򡣡
ѩױ޵¶Цݡ
źλѾҪʮƷѹأЩƷȻۣѩһʮӣǻȥһҪ硣
ˣѾϳʦˡ
ѩȽףӵԼھͲԼˣѰʱ䣬ǰȥҶϰкѰһɡ
ЦʣƷ
ѩͷ
ȻͲµˣѩװ׵ظʱе⣬ѩˮ̲ס꾩ǣкü巻꾩󲿷Ʒ⣬Ʒǲʣֻºпɹ۵ÿ껹һȶԼ⣬һ׬Ǯ
ָժʺ¼໨ɵĻƿѩЦº͡
ҲȱǵǮЩǳ£ҵѵԺǧټƸ鷳𣿡ѩЦҰջרƷӣƷȥˣٰӷָʹѵһȺ԰׷ĺã
Цˡ
Ƕ࣬˵ûҲȱǵ𣬵ҵƣҲðǡ
⸮Ÿÿһݱ΢ܲһӶڸøţٸգаıòġ
ѩȴһ¡
߶꣬ѩ˼Ҳܲµ֣ҰʹˣЩǣǸɾģүδǡ
ѩͷԸ顣
࣬һǱ¥ʳҹģһδ¥ʳҹġ
ȻҪǣȻҪɾͬвͬĴʽЩ¥ʳҹֻֻڸЩδҹģȴͳȥ
ǣ¥ʾȻδǣ
ôģ
˵¥̰ɫɫͿ壬Żɱ²¥ʾȻδǣ
ѩԳԾԵ棿裬ɲֻŰοҡ

 54 

ĸ˵, ˽˼, ҲɽԺźˣ˵Ŀھһµģүûжǡ²ͺܸ, ѩĺ, ˵¥Ǹʮֳؼˡ
Ҳ֪Щ˭, ֱ㲻մߡ
үĴ, ż, ͷ, Щһ¶үһΣүÿڼﳤסΪ, Щ, үڸʱֻΣһ, һξϴεж
֮, ûҲûȥЩ֦չ
ѩѹеͼ, ʣү˸ô˵ģ
˵˵ģô˵, ҴãҲû˵, ѩɫү飬⸮˲֪Ҳ
֪˸ԭӦֻиＸԺˡ
Ϊ漰̫ˣ©˷ֳʲô, Բһ±տڲԡ
ҶϧΪ˸Լ׽Ÿ˵ʵ飿
Σ¥ûжЩͺðˡ
ЩϵүŮˣڰ֮ǰûǸүкΪЩҪ˶϶òʧ
ѩǣһϸĥġ
ѩ¶Լ⣬Ĳ˵Ҳֻ㵽½ѾΰԼε⣬ȥ
ԺԽδѾڻ´ʱҲ¥´С֪ժ¥ˣе
С˲ΡΡظȲ裬ү뼸λ飬빫ӲҪżԵƬ̡
ԱеĬĬغ˿ڲ裬δ
С˹˵ſڣԼүܿ
Сʱ¥ʺͼλϣ٣֣´ź˱׷ȥֻʣԺ¥ʡ
Եϥأ˫ַϣ¥ǰȻãԵ黹ջصժ¥ִ֡
¥λϣԵĵ˿е⡣
ժ¥λҪкܶ࣬ÿ˶Ǹȣժ¥Ѿ˳͢ƫҪժ¥ʤ͢ûȫժ¥Ҫժ¥λãϼѡ
٣ΪԼûǸȡ
ڽϱΪаħڳֲܴ͢лڼз棬¥ʻ˯ûժ¥ʵס
Ҫժ¥ɻʼҰȻѾģͣժ¥İкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ҫ¥һлʼѪǣǳ·
Ե¥ʽȡߣȻ˰Σȴ¥˿̧ͷɵ¥ʣ
¥ʵӣժ¥ˡ
أӦΪǣȻѾƻջأժ¥ҪĴ졣Ե
¥ʽ𣬷ŵԱߵİϣλɻ֣˵ɡ
¥ƣԺô˿ͷػµģǰǸ߰µˣ˯Ǵ꣬ժ¥и˳ʱֳ飬ʥΪҵ黨Ϲƣһֱⱼôã쳣ֻй飬ٲµƿ֮ڡ
Ṧ׿ڵʱмƮ޷ƿмʵֻǡ
¥ʻ˶٣嵭Ļȣ΢͸Σ
¥ݵͣУԵĶͷϸ
¥ʼȷ㲻֪鰵к̫¥𣿡
ԡһ¥ǰǵϸ˳ߵ׵ˡ¹غ»ûȷ֤ݣԲǰڡ
¥Եǰժ¥£ʲôʱ򽲹֤ݣ
Իһ
ǣժ¥ǰɵɱ˵⣬˭Ǯ˭Ǵүɱ˲Ҫ֤ݣڲ˸Ҫ֤ݡ
ʵ˽̫¥ϵ;˶ߣΪ˱ס飬оĻӦʮȻ
ǳ綼µ۵ˣ˳̫ѵԵøг⣿οڰܻܲδ֪ժ¥ܲȫ档
ĻشʵѾ̫ӵͬ¶꣬ԲΪ¥ͽһѡ
û뵽¥ʿƲժ¥£ȴʲô鶼֪
㣬ȷȷ鰵¥¥ʵʡ
ȴӲ¥ʵĻɱ⣬üشȷڹΪժ¥¶ķݶϣһ
¥ʣǡ
վȥɣйع̸͵δ
ף¥ҪտڲԣҲӣӦǣȥ
ҹʱͻȻ˴꣬úԤףžشѩĸֻϣɽԺѾæһţȫѩʻ
ѩվ£Щ˵ʻĿ¶̡
ϲˣūվʹӻЩúÿĶ˹һԺڵûŽأžͻϲȰο
ѩ̾кüϡƷ֣ɲôġ
ɻˣ͹ū澼ǵǵ˰˵µ˼ɫӻӻټվ͸͹ġ
ѩǿǿǻаɡ
¥ʻԺ𣿡תʡ
ڣ˵ȥˣش𣬡ô꣬һʱǻزˣūóȸŰɣүˣźүš
ѩûӦʣϲŹûУ
ˣŹǣһ㣬ͷ㣬ӵһȳԣʡ
ѩҡͷǵ¥ʻٳ԰ɡ
˶٣̲ס˵ū澷ԽԽүˡ
ѩ΢
Ǻ°үķүӦõģū澾үҲԽԽˣǰģū澾ͺܺã޶°òġЦ
ѩȴЦˡ 
ԭ¥ʻһţȴȻ⣬óŰɣҶˣ¥ˡ
㰵֣ôԼȥġ
Աߵ˳һۣĪóȥˡ
ѩһų꣬ԽȥԺѾ߻үԺԺĹ˵үͳˣûˡ
ͳˣȴûлѩģ¥ʳ¡
ɽԺеȥˣɡԼȥԺȡ
ҹ꽻ӣɫĵҹҡҷɡѩѱʪˣ·ӰڹսǵʱǰӭһɫӰ
ͷ¡ѩһǰˡ
¥ʣѩưô۾


 55 

¥һѺɫɡ, ɡܿ, ɡٵѩͷʱʶ˿ˣ¥һ־ɡ, һ§ѩļ, ɽԺߡ
ѩ¥ʵᵽһѪ, Ѫ֮µ, Լɱ
ȥˣѩ̧ͷ
ž, ʪ¥ʵ, ȴû䵽ѩϣ¥ŵ֮, شһժ¥
ɤЩ, ڿѹʲô
ѩŶһٶʡ
ѩ¥ʼ˼ͽ
ѹɷ, 赭д, ѩȻ뵽Ѫȷ硱, ¥ʵϿ˵㣬𣿡
䡣¥ʽ§ø
صɽԺ, ѩˮ¥ϴԡó¥ʵ׼, ¥ϴԡźĶȥѩٴĴš
أ
ѾԹˡ
¥ʵͷţѩժ¥, ¥ʷУʼûʳڣ¥ţѾ߰곷ȥ͸¥ʸǡ
һطϢˡѩŵ
¥ʣң
Ҫһ𣿡ѩеŵ֪ΪΣȻͬҲǵһΣǽоԼʱҪΪ顣
ѩԼв
¥ʴٴĴȥסѩļԷߣǱǷޣӦ˯һʲôҪһǰⶫҼĴ̸ˡ
ѩ糺ѪЩ޴룬Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲô
˵𡱣¥Ҫáޡѹ˵𡱣һŮңϸź˼ͬƵģɴĬ
ȴ룬ǾԲ˲ġ
¥һ˯ѩ˯ԺģожΰѼһƳǶĹȥһģ¥ʸˡ
¥۵üͷһ壬Щ໡ŻƵĵƹ⣬˯Ժ¶ѩǴйհʹ
Ů޹ǣòתǺεȵʤգֻҪһ룬¥ʾ;һȻԼ¸塣
ҹҹߵĸоּ尾¥ʸտʼʤ˼尾ȴսּ尾ʤ֮С
ȴſ
ѩһ˯¥ʵġ尾˿֪
գ̫Уص밲Ҳ˯ɹͲƵ𴲡
Щӣ̫¥ݲδЪʱ¥ݲҪˣĥţžͱ˴ƿ¥̤˽
ź𴲵ĹŮˢˢһء
¥ɫƣȥ
Ůɴ⣬ɿ׷˳ȥ
ױǰվʣô
δ䣬ͱ¥ݿ˲ӣ֪֪ժ¥һͽĺϷ÷ֱһȡ˹ͷŻժ˹ŵԴͳʮˣҺòµˣôûˣ
¥ݿӵܽ촭һϣ¥ۼҪ˲ſſ
ƴش͵͵ؿ˺ðŻ
¥ժ¥˽Ͷ㣬ͷժ¥Ĺأ¥ȡӦõ𣿡Ǻʡ
¥ɫ࣬ץסļ磬˫ֵЩʹȥҧгݵΪ֪ߵĹŮȥ¥ʱţڱɱתȴ÷ʾãˣ
ʹö亹乡
˯߳ãڴϵʱܳ˯ŵʱȴ٣ܾú̫ܲҽ̫ҽҲֻܿЩõı̥ҩȻţҪ˼ǣ⺢ӱͲȣ水̫ҽ˼ʱп¥ôһڣĶӾ;ҵʹ
ѾĸˣѾ΢΢¡һ֪ϾҪΪĸˡ
˫ȷվȣ岻Խ
¥ݱʹģһôˣûأڱǰװģúƭȡͬ飬㣬ܣ
ݺݵҧҧ̫ҽȥ̫ҽ
¥ݣȥȻһͷȴѪ¥ݵԲ۾̳˳ȥ󺰵ȥ̫ҽ
޵һң̫ҽҴҵظϹæ˱̥ҩϸ״̫ҽһ߸һ߽üëšһ硣
¥ݾԣˣȥ
źĹŮսս˳ȥ
ɫ԰ףĿֵ̫ҽȴֻ̫ҽźҡҡͷ¹˵︹̥Ͳȣӣ
̫ҽһ̾ϢȻ¥͵һڰϡ
̫ҽһ¥ݺǰӱסˣ¹ҽʵΪ̫ӵº̫ˡ
ܱ̫ģȻ̫ҽԺҽõ̫ҽΪ̫ҽа취ȡ
ַԼСϣһܸоڰ
̫ҽߵ׵Сȷڣ΢סõģ¹оãҲδҵ취ʵΪ׼
¥ؽҧκ󣬴ĳһ仰£͸¶ȥ̫ҽҪؿƿֱ
̫ҽŵûһ׵¹٣¹٣
ϵһֱڿޣ¥ݷʤǰ̫޸һֱûߵ檺ͲҲ޶Ȣ궼Ϻӣò׻ˣȴס
ɻĻУֻ¥ûкӡ
̫ӣǽĻʵۣ޺Ϊٳûãϥ¾ܼ̳дͳ̫֮λȡ
¥ݸеĺӣȻ̫ҽ˵ֻԱסϣڣ̫ҽ˵Ϊ¥ݶԣ
ԣǻԵĴ
޸¥ôã˶ڴϽӣŬôãȴһֱ޶ò˺ӣͷȴֻǿջϲһܽܣ
ĸƾӹҪӲܹûӣ
ûˣеϣûˣϥ䣬޵øγϡ
ֻˣ¥ݷŭ֮࣬ؿס°ͣݺݵضӶס㻹ޣʲô˵ʲô
ƴҡͷûУʲôûҲ֪Ϊʲô
¥˦Ҹ㣬㱣סҲñ
ڣ£ǰ¥ʣ¥ʡ¥ʾô¥ʲöһָͷ
¥ڸʲô
ɽԺ͸ѩӲʳȴѩǺ«Ϊʲôѩôã˵ᰮϱˡ
ᰮѩ
ˣӦþܾүף޸̫ʲôã̫ӵŮ˶²˵ļûкӰⱲӾȫˡ
ڲ
ѩ½һѾ߰˲£ӴԺԺӺԺԼ¥ԺʼնûжЩ˴඼Ǽù˵֮ˣѩδԺ֮ìܣֻ˹´ˡ
һĻѪ´˼˸ɾ
˷ոȥõ㶫Ȼֳʮˣʮףѩ˵ɾ͸ɵУаƽϣλ½ˢӡ
ɽԺߵ·ϣһֱĥѩǰӦΰѻ˵ƯЩ
ѩɽԺݵݽӴ
ɩϡͣ촦սǰɩϲϲϲҾ촦ٽһЩ͵ɩԺѩЦº͡

 56 

ͷ˿ڲ, ѩⷬ⣺Ǻò, лĵá
ӦõģҸսԺ񣬺ܶ鶼˽, Ҫɩ, ѩ䲻֪ʲô, ǧƨ, ˵û˾ûд
㲻ҵ, ĵв˽, ʾǡֱԵ
ѩµЦͷ˵ſ
յʱ, Ĳѣҽĵ, ²ĵġ
ѩ¶֮ɫɩк, ˵޷
˶, ƺ֯, κ󷽵㵱ңĸ, СģҺǴ, ߣҲĸӣԣֳȥ, ڸ˵Щ
ѩԣ¶ɫ
ż֪ѩʲô˼
ѩʣͷжͶɩ֪Ͷɩʲô˼
Цݿɬ
ѩھʵ˹ؼףͷжδ֨ȴ˵ҪּңҪǴ˳ȥ˶Ϊķ߼õүǵĲƲԲżֳȥ
ǷѾʹҶϧ˼Ҷϧ¥һС£ЩѩֶҶϧۿ۵׵ģѩĸ
ҶµҲҶϧ¥
¥ûзֳȥ˼Ҷϧ˷Ļ÷ֳȥǼ£Ȱ¥䣬¥ѵһ٣ҶϧʱˣҾʹ¶ԡ
ûָˣָֻԼ
ѩ˼Ҫֳȥֻûôס
֣ɩȻġ
ѩ¶ɫɩּҵ飬ֻ²ܴӦ㣬Ҳ֪ǰд飬ĸ֮ǰǲּҵģһǶûзֳȥֻǷֳȥ˻οֻο֮Ĺϵɩǰңǰ飬Ȼҵңһеϣǽܺദһˣһپһ𰡡
üĿ
ѩĻ޷
Ҳּ֪ҵҪʵΪѩѩּͬңΥ˸ԸǲТѩּͬңֻɩɩѿ
Ƿʵֳ̫ȥˣѹ֣ͷһСüĵѹţÿȥػ밲ʱػ䶼ûкɫ
ɷ¥ֲ򣬵С£ηη
ֳȥԼСӡ
ѩֱ׵ؾܾʧѣү˼Ҫػˣǲֳܷȥػ仹ôᣬˣƲ˻ˡ
ѩɩʲôģܸᣬκεҪҲᣬһ⣬ּҵ£ĲܴӦӦˣǾǲТϣɩҵѴ
վĬƬ̣ʣҲ˼
ѩʵţ˿δ¥ͶԾ飬ѵܴ¥ʵ˼ɣ
ѩʲô˼Ҿʲô˼
ſڴ¥ʵ˵ѩͷ̧ͷ¥̧ż߽ʣ˵ʲô

֪˵ʲôϿѩ˼û뵽ѩ¥ʵзȻѾôأȫȻ¥˵ˡ
ɬ뵽Լɷ¥ǸܵӣټǷһһͣȻֱĽ
ѩϸϸ¥ʽǸո̸ݣ¥Ĭ˰˲򷽻ɩҺѩһ˼ԺЩѩȫȻԴ̸ͺá
ѩĪȨ
ѩ⣬¥ʵĿⲻɵ˼֣עʱ̲ס䴽ǣůʡ
¥˵꣬˿ûвֵ˼תȥɽԺ鷿
ڨȻҲ֪ΪѣܲиõĽ취ȻûУǾ˰ɣյĻĵþ͵û˵
ѩ˸лɩ¡
뿪ɽԺڻԼԺ·ר̵ڳϵҶϧҶϧһ̾ӭȥصʣãĵ˵˷ּҵˣ
ɫãҶϧžˣʵʮСġ
˵ˣǲͬ⡣
Ҷϧվֱ壬ԼԺߣںͷСҲҲͬģο⻹Ǹǰ˼
ǰĽŲһ٣ͷΪʲôԸּң
ʮӲҶϧһ
Ҷϧӣ¥Ƣֲǲ֪ǸֱӣǼĳӣ˵ּܷңȻȫȻӸ˼ּң游
ڣŷԼѰָ˷Υү˼Ҷϧæֽͣãû˵㣬ûǸ˼ᡣ
γ֪ҶϧǸûӵģҲøƽϡ
תߣҶϧȴְͰ͵شȥգ۾ʣû⼸Ժӵǿסһ𣬻ֿ˴˸徻
㸸γ֪ΪΪʲô׼Ƿּң
ΪʲôҶϧ
䳰ЦЦΪʼϣšһǸҲ룬ʱ򶼰첻飬ˣ˭ܰ쵽
Ҷϧ졣
Ѳɻָĸ̵ͼ޽ûþͺĸŸܵĵ𣿡ЦҡҡͷҲ֪ôġ
Ҷϧѩֶκ¥ʻɱء
Ͷ࣬
ɽԺ鷿ԶԶԺ鷿еȴܶ඼صģѩϾ֮࣬Ҽϰ춼ûҳһ
ɴ˿ɼ¥ƽ飬ǱȽϼɬȤġ
¥Կ飬ѩϵĲ¥裬ֽûаıīֽڹȻ¥ʵĶ˵
ɩּҵͷԼҲһˣûи𣿡
ûС
ѩЦˣҪôҸᣬҪôɩһ˵˼ɩǿƣѹͷϵģǰڣɩȻ˵ּҵ飬ˣҹܼң֮£ȥ¯Ҳ֮顣
¥ʴ̧ͷΪ˵û𣿡
ǣֻڳʵ֪Ͷĸ鶼ãЩ꣬Ҳûô۸㣬ֵֻ֮䣬Ȼûжٸ飬סһ԰ͻͱŤҸ˵Щ˵ҽŬڸ֮ĹϵΪѵġ
ҲΪѣ¥ʵͷ飬Ҳ÷Щ˼
ǣұϾסͬһ¡
ֻҪÿհѸ÷ָǵĶֹȥ㹻ˣģǿ󣬱˴లӡ¥ĮĮ
ǰûʲô꣬ͻȻҪϵ飬ȷǼһʱ޷ܵ飬ѩҲǿ룬黹ҪС
¥˵һ£ܲӦһ飿
ʲô£


 57 

̸֪кܶҵ, ̸鶼˹, ɽԺһ鷿ҵ飬ϾʱͲȤˡ
ĳ鷿
᷿
¥ûԼŪɣҪ־ȥԺҰܹܡ
Ӧ, ѩ, ¥ԼǸ, º, º, ѩԽԽ˳ۡ
鷿Ҫ, ѩԼѡ˸Ƶգ趢, ԼɽԺ԰ܵİڷź͸鼮İڷš
ȼǧڷź, ɫѰ
ɽԺһСˣ
ĸ˵粻, ˵ûзִ, ǽ򲻸, Բù˵Ӻ, ӦöߣԲ׼ҹɽԺྐྵ, һ߳ѩΪʲô˪û
ѩľ⣺Ҳ׼
ҽķңΪβ׼ҡСȣأôһҪҹأҰѡˡ
ﲻǸʦϰ𣿡
ڰ֣, Ǹʦ̫ˣҰѡøˣһ׽ЩԼ֣ҿ˸ʦҡ
ѩͷۡ
ĳδϰģ¥ˣһνͷҪϰ䣬Ҳ֪һʱ¶˾ġ
ûս㹦򣬡ѩİɡ
Ҿ˽Ҳ˵ȽˣԼҽ˵
ѩϴѾܾˡ
ϴܾҵʱǸ쵰ô
˵˭ǻ쵰
ͻȻֵѩһ̫ʦȥĵͻȻֵ¥ʵǰ¶һֺõЦݣȻǻ쵰ˣɻˣҵϰˡ
ѩ
ȷ黹ģ
¥ɫҹ˻ߣǴˣ
ﲻϰ䣬ͰˣȻֻͶˣʲôʱҹɣ˵Ĺ̫ˣҿϡ۰Ͱ͵¥ʡ
¥ʳ˳ǣ۹⻹ͦߡ
ǣĹﻹܿϱġ
¥ʾѩ׵ܵܣƨĹѩֱһһЦժ¥𣿡
ѩЦһæǰ¥ʣ
ժ¥ʲôط
Ȼժ¥ѾΪ͢ãҲϲ̨֯οժ¥гʤժ¥ǸԼҳ
ѩ⻤̵ĶѸҺԥ¥Ƭ̵ʧ
Ҳ㵲Լǰ
¥ЦЦ
ѩ̽һСԴֻҽժ¥Żҹ𣿡
¥ʵͷ
źǿ²ɵģҵҵȵģҲΪѧ򣬾ûԭؼһɱ֯Ǹл
ѩ˿ţ㻹еӡ
ڨЦǽͽ̵úá
¥̫ʦϣ޳ָָµĴȣȻƵģֵʦɡ
ģٻһС
ȴ˿ƽ㣬бµˣпʸ¥һ뻯Ĺȫʸǰ¥ʣĿڴʣüժ¥Ҳ԰ʦ𣿡
¥ʣ˭Сأ
ѩ
ȻȣĬĬرȥԼͻĶ
Ǹڷܿ̿ĺѧڶδ𴲣¥ҪĿʼŹѾʦѧ˺ü£ģˣ¥˵ҪȻƤϵĹ򣬵澡ľ
ѩ˯Ȼѣ¥ҪЪЪȴʱи
ѩ
¥ʴԺֹ򲻴Ϣɡ
¥ʵĻʥּѾӲͷһˮСС˴ڵⶼ͸һ˷ܡ
¥ʣʲôʱһ
һ¥ЦЦһɨɨûܵġ
⻰һˮͷ£ͱ죬ʤͽܣҾͲʤ㰡̫ˣ
ѩЦ㽫ֲٵĵ·
ͬһ£ȻҪãҼȻϰ䣬ȻҪŬΪѧĵһˣⲻǽҵĵ𣿡
ѩ
ȻְʯͷԼĽŵΣѧҪǿ壬ǷҪһϸ£¶ҪȥǸһͻʧȤѵҪңѧΪ˳Ϊѧĵһˣ
ǡ
ΪʲôҪѧ䣿
Ȼ˵ҲΪˣ˭ҲˣҾͰڽ¡
ǴʬɽģҲȥʬɽһȥ˾ûǸѧҲԣʤ̫ǿѧֻΪ˰ѱ˲ڽ£óûˣ磬ҿҲѧˣʡ̳һ
ѩĿ
ѩͻŵò˵ؿ
¥΢
ѩȴûз̬ȣѧ䣬һΪǿΪ壬ѧԭʲô㲻˵˲ڽ£游ĸ׽ô£ȥι𣿡
ѵõͷ˴µĺԴϴҴˣ㡣

һûа̬ȣϰ䲻Ϊ˸˭˭˭ǲ𣬶Ϊǿ壬壻ڶҲҪԴΪҲˣҾͱˣҪܡ
Ǹϴ̬ȼʱϴ̬ȼõС꣬ҿڲżãϴҲϳӳîĺӣѩٴƢҲˡ
ѧһ£ϣܺúҾһ̳ˣ廹ҪûҪܣˡ
ֵǣܵܲýʧ
¥ԱЦ
ѩüĿȥЦʲô
¥쳤˫ȣ첲֧ڰϣԼ°̬ͣɢһֻè΢΢𴽽ǣЦѩ룬Ժǵĺӣ㶨̵ܽúܺá
ѩ˲糺Ѫ¥ʣȻе״Ρ
㡭˵ʲô߰ģ˭Ҫӡ
ѩǺŭص˵¥ʣȴЦüۣ㲻˭
ѩ
һʱ֪˵ʲôתͷ־úȻй׷ƵģŻææ뿪ˡ
ڷԸѾ߽ƿĻʵģѩһĪΪ¥ʰѩˡ
æ²裺Ȳ裬ȥȥ
ȥʲôѩٴĴ£Ѻ˿ڲ
ү𣿡Ѿĵ׸¥̡                        
лҪ˵˫תˣ򡣸л׷ĵСɰǡ

 58 

ѩûлӦ, Ӷ¥Ǿ䡰Ժǵĺӡ, ؼǵ¥ʵʱ˵仰ı飬̬Ǿ仰ǲش˵, ƽº, ִżȻ, ˵Ĳ顣
ɾ˿Ȼһ仰, ȴѩĵ˲С
¥ӢӺ͸, ԼббĻЦ, ѩø˾Ϊ˵ĳ
ر˱۾ȴȻ¶Ц
ԭ, , ׵һ飬ʲôʱʼĵģ
֪
, ֻ, , ڲϵ¥ʿһ㣬ٿһ, عʱȴȻ, ҪͷѾˡ
ѩɫ߱أٴرȻкȻвõԤС
С͸ѩ, ˵ѩѵģѩȻһ˽⣬ѩǵȷ¶ĵˣ¶޿κεȻ֮顣
ôˣʡ
ѩЦЦֻͻȻĲɼп
ԭֻ˿룬ֻҪʲô¾ͺá 
ͻ˵һٹ¥ϰ䣬¥˵ĻȥԼصɽԺʱ򣬳Ѿ׼ˡ
źϴɵϣ¥ѩ§ѩģ̧̫ͷ۾¡
¥ʵִϣѩܰ㣬ʲô
ѩ۾ظо¥ʴйȵȶȣ˸Դ¥ʵؿڣ˵ûܰ
棿¥Цˡ
ȻģԺôҴأÿæתʱ価Ϲѩͷ
ŮܰڱǼת¥˶ɢ¥ѩ§øЩЦʲôʱӣ
ѩͨ죬شһ£ТڣĪ˵Щˡ
¥ס֣ԼĿڵλϣǾТڹͿˣ
Ȼ¶͸´ϣѩԼ˶
Ȼ֪˵ʲôоԼе
΢΢̧ͷԼǰסԼֵӣӿӳף۾һգգ
¥ʣϲ𣿡ʡ
¥ס
ûеõ¥ʵĻش˲ѩϵĳۿɼٶȴȥεЦЦҺһɵ⡣
ҵķҪһģ㲻ϲңϲ˭ء
Ұοģɿɰ
ôһ˲䣬¥ʵĺݺݵһ£һƬëȻεļ⣬ɵϧ
ѩ§°ķϲڵȣ̩ϣһֱȹТڣӣһ˺ͺֵһ𡣡
ʵ뷨ڵܺã㣬ˣ£Ѳȥ룬ֻѩúõȥǣֱ֣ͷ
ڣкܰ
ոʧ׵رѩԴؿڣ΢΢ءšһ
룬ϲģһϲġ
գ¥Ժº󣬾ֱصɽԺ鷿鷿һңЩ̫ܼĶ¥ʴȡһ̯
Ƿ˰ΣԺֳ︡ѩҹС⡣
ʣ¥ʣϲ𣿡
ϲ
֪֪ǰ̣룬Ҳ룬ЩˣЩ£Ҳöϸɾˣֻѩ
ôõŮӣӣԵϧ
¥óӽϵ͵Ƶȼ׼Ƿ͵ˣȴȻ˵үˣܼ
¥üͷ壬ר̸붫İϵʱͻȻֻжϢ¥ʽѹһдֵֽ棬գȥԺ
¥źˣǰүǱߴϢ̫ճѪСļ󡣡
Сļ
֪ΪΣ¥󣬸оԼ鲢޶û˸УûߣҲûвʣֻǾ֡
û˵ԭ򣿡
ҡͷԭʱ̫ˣֻ̫ҽ˵˸޷޷̽ǵ̸ʲô
¥ʵͷԸ㰲ȥЩ̫İߣһ᳷롣
ԾүЩ߿òȥġ
˰ɣԺòˣ¥ĿһȻ¥ݶѩķǷ֮룬ָܿˣŰɣԺҪģǱ̫Ƕ̫ӵĶ쳣һᱨ
ֻȫ֪ͨȥҪЩʱգǰֻҪʱ䡣
¥ʻ֣ȥɡ
ȥ
үȥ鷿
鷿¥üͷһ壬Ȼվ
ʶֻ²æش𣺡ɽԺ鷿
¥̧žͳɽԺ壬δ¥˴æӣŵɫ䣬æ̧Ÿȥһһݷֻǧ顣
ͷܣϰ䣬ϰ飬һѩѩһ飬ͨʷġ
ѩԼ鷿ﶼЩʲô飬һҪⱾ飬鷿ûУ뵽ⱾݱȽϼɬѩȥ¥ʵ鷿
鷿ļѩֱӸѩ鷿ţѩöûҵҪǱͨʷԵ̫ʦЪš
һֽֽ¥ʵ֡
һһƮݲˣ׵ԼԶΪ
ѩֽȴֽⷢ滹һĿȥٿһɫ̲סҰ
ΪģֻǸġ˫ɡһģһһʱ䣬ϵʱͶʮһ³ţǰ
ǰ¥ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
꣬δ޸¥ݣ̫¥ʵ÷
ѩԺܶ飬Ϊʲô̫ٵǻػ˽¼棬Ϊʲôʹϣửһ˫ɡΪʲô¥ʻͻȻŭΪʲô֪к¥ʻٴʧء
޶ˣʹ¥ŭΪȻǵġ˫ɡУ¥ʶΪĲ¥ʵĺӡ
Ϊʲôػǰʱǰ¥ʣΪʲôүЩ¥ʵȣΪʲô˷ȴӲ
һУ˽͡
ΪమΪమ
鷿źȻ˴ƿ¥üſڣн֮ɫ·ҪҴҵؽֹʲôȻȴȻӭѩ˫
Ǹ˫ɡλεذǰһЦ
ѩãԼǸЦ¥ʰԭԶᰮΪˡ
ǸŮ˱壬ΪǸŮ磬˱飬еĸ龡˸߸ϵλλã
ˡ
ѩĴһ˺Ѱʹԭ鰮ˣһûд
㶼֪ˣ¥ʷ鷿ţĿѩ˵𣿡
ѩŪЦЦ
¥ʳĬ
Ĳ㣿㲻ѩЦݣ˿ѵమд
¥ʲ֪νͣĬ
ѩ̧ߵǰŮӨ׵Ұֽٵķˮʣ¥ʣسһЦݡ
ɽԺ¥Ϊ㰮˭ãȻϵ̫¥ʣ֪֪Լݣʡ
Ѿɻ飬Ѿ̫δĻʺ󣬿¥ȴԾо˽»棬Ȼڻ˫ɡ
ʱѾ¥ýȢӣ棬¥ʵ棬¥ʵġ˫ɡǰֱɶ
¥ʴڵһ̶ɲ⡣
Ұʱ̫ҲԸ̫ŪˣʥּɢǣҺһʥּǿнǰһ𡣡
¥ʵĻһ̽ѩ࣬
֪û뵽ϲһˣʹ࣬һνӴ鰮ȴо鰮֮֡
սȭͷѩ׵ݺݺݵҧҧ촽Ѫζɢҵʹ֮£˼֡
Цʲô
¥ʵḧķѩҵӣһõģǰˣҲ룬һúúӣḺ㡣
Գܾ谮游ĸΪı׽ѾĹʼսҷڵһλȱǵ𣿡
Цٷȴڴת
ұΪұΪһɷȻƢ˵㣬ǻҺãңңһᰮңñֻԧ첻ɣǣҴˣҴˣҵɷ
᲻ܿƵٴιʹܣر˱۾
¥ʣҶġ                        
лҪ˵Ƿʷʵһ¡

 59 

仰һݺݵش¥ʵ, Ȼоʹ, 뷢衣
¥ʵȷ˷衣
¥ٿȻ§ͷסĴ
˳䣬ѩﳢѪȵζ, Ѫζ̼¥ʵ, ѩ, ᱧ, ȥ

ҹ, ﲻ͸, Щȡ
ѩڵϣϸһ, Щ, ûиסѩ˳ȣǧڷҵڵ, С԰׵úѪɫ, Լһ, ˫۽رһ
һұĶ΢΢, ֮лδԶȥ
Ȼ¥ʲôûǺ, ¥¡
¥ʿűǽĿѩϣѾƺܾúܾãѾӲ˵, ôţҲҶ
һһɣҲ֪˶ã¥վһ˲䣬ڵϵѩʲôƵģ͵ز˲
¥ʴһ˿ЦԱߵ¼һͷϣͷʵʵعѩĴ½Խ
¥ʱᱧ𣬴ҵţ¥ʱ˳ȥ
֪ѩ鷿鷿طѾǲܽȥģ¥ʻͷȻٳٲԼӳȴҳȥ
Ѿ˴죬һֱȵ˺ҹ
¥ʱѩѩϻֻһѾŵõԲ۾ȴһֶҶʣսսصͷ
¥ޱ飬Ըȥˮźԡ
ȭͷۿһȥԡһȥó׼ˮ
¥ʾֱѩ˶Ҽ䣬Ѿƽ¥ʽŵҼϣ˱̺ϡ
ѩԼһţƯķ΢΢ȴɣ˫۾ˮһƬ
¥ʶǰǰɢҵͷ˳һҲûп¥һۣȫûиܵĴڡ
¥΢΢ϵָĥӨ׵ûѪɫ˻ƵѩҪסݣҵӣҵġ
Ƶܣ¥ѹȥ
԰͸Ĳȵļȴģ¥ʵͣãȥ
¥ʰڵ˫һֱͦĬ˳ȥ
ʱѩһۿͨ죬ȥʣ𣿡
ѩ˫Ŀû¡
ẨȻ¡
ѩ̧֣ȥϴԡɣˣ˯ˡ
ҹѩ˯òȣü£һ˯л˺üƣòôɶ
ֻصǼ¥ʷ۾ȫޣһֻҪ£ƴǺãķԣ
˵ѩҵģôң㲻ܣ
ǰ֪һ˵ǰ󣬼þ˻еľҲɵס㱼䣬񿴼糺ۿĸʹóס
ѩ˯۾
ڼžȼգʵϣģ߻ƻ裬ѩȵףӰյҹѾ˺ܾúܾãֺ񲻹ת˲
ѩСܾ谮ǰҪ÷Ҫ꣬ԴӼһжͬˣ뿪ףӵ԰Ŭ棬Ŭı䡣
Ϊһж𽥺ӽֻá
沾ɷһ죬ҲǰһҪ÷Ҫ꣬СľǿʤĸǿԼܰ쵽
ԭһн
ʣ֪¥ʺͨΪλǰʹ飬ƽ
ֻΪڻϣ¥ʺ氵дװ׵ش𣿲ˣҪĲΪȻġ
Լɷ򰮵Ǳ˵ӣԽܡ
ѩΪ꾩һŮòܼȴһҲŻòҲôŮˡ
ǸЦ
ȥ¥ʵװ꣬жమֻҪһ£ľһѰľʹ˶촭
ڴϵѩر˱۾
鷿ϵ͵Ƶƻ谵ƵĹ¥ޱϣڻĹӰεޱ飬Ŀϡ
Ǹ˫ɡ
չ᰿裬ɽڽ¡
ฮĻ԰Ů£ü΢Ļȴٳδ£ԺǽڻľУṲ̊һЦ
˵ˡ
ͷùʣδһ˫ɡԾȻֽϡ
ŮЦ㻭Һ𣿡
¶Ц⣬üǰŮش𣺡ǣҺ㡣
¥ʽԼα
ฮý˾߶ССʱ򣬾ʶүƫ棬Ǽҳ㷹
һΣүͶ㵽ɽ棬ԼԼҩȴڼɽСССӣڼɽ
ǱʶҲСʣүִѽ
ƣʲô£
¸ԼҩүĽڱϣϵٺۣСС۵죬ϧֶ̣󲻵󱳣һڣͶˡ
Ұˡעʱҩƿ
ͷңҪˣ
Ƣ滵Ҹҩ㻹ңίͰͣۿת
¥ñ˿ޣ仹Ůģʱͷ󣬰⣬ͷ״ýһ٣ͷص˱ˣҩ
Ҹҩ㻹ôףСС
УҲаɣϽҩɣˣѿˣ¥ʲͷ˵һֻϽˡ
ֹס˿Ĩҩҩ
ССŮָҩʱҲСûŪССҲȥһ飬ûٴߴ㡣
ÿ˶㵽ɽҩʱʱ򲻻ᡣ
ȻרΪȥġ
ꡣ
ССССϲȻ֪ʲôůϲһϲϲԼҩ
ٺ꣬߶ժ¥
ټʱѾʮһ꣬߳ͷССŮѳʱݸһЦǹת
Цӣþò
飬ټǸΪҩĹļݺݵһ;͵͵ȥΪʲô
ûرɣֻΪǸСѾ̽ĵףֻΪ롣
ֻΪ롣
ڣˣˡ
ҹɫ¥ʴҵЦ
лҪ˵ˣָ£ͰɣεЦ

 60 

ҹδߡ
ѩ岻, ˯ŴӰΰѼ䳹ת, ҹ˼ǧҲ֪ԼǺʱ˯ģʱ, Ѿ
Сؽź򣺡, Ѿ, Ҫ𣿡
ѩԴ, ͷɫĴ᣷˻, ش𣺡ɡ
СѾ߶ϴþ߽, һźѩһСѩүһֱ鷿, 컹δȥԺ, һֱûл
ѩû
Ŀѩ۵Ǻϣͳһ, ѾоǱݺΡ
СѾȥ, Լѩǰ, ѩ㶵, 󣬺οԼίү۸, Ҿǣүͷ˶Ϊūھ͸ʰھͻ
֪ѩ¥֮䵽кεȵì, źѩԡʱϵĺۼͳĿõģ᲻ԼСȿ
ѩǰǳ˵ѣǻذɡ
ѩȻЦЦزȥ
¥ʹ壬ģȥֻһ·ߣǾǺ룬ǻͣҪ룬ûֻּ
Ҫּ׼Ǻ룬ֻһ·ߣԼǽ塣
游ǵʦ»δ޵úδȢ޵ĵܵܣϻڳΪٵĸףΪԼ͸˵游ڳ̧ͷ
ܡ
ػŸɣΪǰ¥ʵţ֪ػ¥ĸӲػ޷ദȫȻ˵ȥ
ػ䲻Ϊ˿вĸĲТ֮ˣѾĵߡ
ٶࡣ
棬Ĩô죿үǰѵֻһֱΪԺ£ȴෳ£Ϊλܡ
˵ȥˣΪѩеֵ
ū澲ү֮ǰúõүҲԽԽãԽԽū澺㶼ܸоΪͻȻͱˣѵԺ𣿡
ؿ
ģѩͳƣᡣ
ΪΣҭҭʡ
ѩȴûлش
̫ɹŮ˵ĺɻˣȥͺɡ
赣ǵѩգѩ¥Ƣѩ۸˶еģһûɵӣ˼ͺɡ
̫룬ѩȴòȥ
һ㲣屧ȥͺɣܾ𣿡
ҡͷܣ̫ݱأ̫ݸǽޱȣǾ̫˳ȥ̫
һɫ
ѩȻȥ̫ȻҪ¡Щױɡ
ԺС˳¥̫ȥ˶ͺɡ
¥üĿһݣûУ
ߡС˻شСĵ¥ѿɫַɿشͷȥа֣ЩүһֱôպȻɫѿʱʱһӣ
˭ү
ԺԴӱӹܺ󣬾Ͱһǵð֪ܵһЩߣʱ˻н
֪Ӳ˵Եɣźʵְۣ֪
ѩ󣬲֪ԭֹ̫һˣ֪һʱѩȴⲻ⡣
ںߵͤϳַ̫̫
ͷһӲ㣬δԶӭֱɣ˵ʱһϸڶˮʮֶ
ѩ΢΢ЦˣԼδ̽ʵڲֲǡ
˵΢˿Щֳһ
Ϊ¥ֵòɿͱ뵽˶µǱ仯޳ǰֻƽ⣬ٿ
Ѿ˸ȴй˵ɷ򣬲Լɷңұ˵ļͥ˵ģʵ˶ġ
Ѳ⣬Ǹ˫ɡ֪Ƶ̫ﾹȻǸ֪ػرֵŮˡ
¥Ǹ˫ɡ˳ȥ¾㲻ҲҪѲƤΪⱲӶʲô컯
ѩ˽ȭͷ
¥ʣ¥ʵӣӦǲϲԼģȴԼͺɣΪʲô
֪¥ʵ飿
¥ʿɺãնæʲô
˵֪¥ʶûǲãͨԼ¥ʰȡϵߣʲôĿģ
ѩͷǧɻ󣬱ѹţǴЦˡ
ԱߵЦѩҲδˣɺã
ϴһ𣬻౻¥ʶʱʱ£ǵȷѾòˣѩһ㶼뿴αĽ鱳Ƕҥġ
Ȼѩȴ˿ûб¶Ĳϲ
վ࣬üĿ赭ϲŭȷδˣ¶࣬ұס˽ŲԳүһãɺã
ȾһĨ죺æױͦõġ
̧ͤѩԱߣѩԭȲ֪㾹Ȼн飬տ⡣
⣬ԼҲ⡣
ǰȻδǳĵӣ̫Ӹ볤Ҳ˺Щ㣬̫ʩҲ߻δ޽Ůӡ
磬յӣ˵̫յͺɣ̫룬˻ڲѣΪ̫ϲͿأһͱ¡صشһȻ˽죬Ҫ̫úϵ顣
Ȼˣ̫ƺֻһˣԽϲû뵽º󻹲յʱѩ͵ˡ
ɫȹŸ٣ױݾº覴ãһۿȥֱĺɻҪٷƣ˲佫ȥ
వ޺޵ҧѡ
ѩÿѩһ֣һֲ˵һҲķͷ
ü¶Ц˵Ӷףļ˲õĹﾹȻ˳Բصȥ˵ǱһʱˣյüȻò˫ȫ
౻ڿޣЩ˼ˡ
ͤ˻裬þˣЩйŮվ۽䣬Ƴѩϵĺۡ
ͫ͵һ
ǡ
Ϊ˸̫¥ڴʱֱܴܲʶѩϵĵʲôʱֻһˮͷ£̲סط䡣
ٿѩò⣬һúӡ
Ƿޡ
¥ѩغɣǺۼҲµģû㵽ջѩۿѩϵĺۼأ
úޣòġ
¥ԭӦģǸӣԭӦԼ

 61 

ָݽ, мʹϮ, ʧ־Ӳҧҧָº˳ģ, Ц߰, ˡ
ѩæ
ʢ, ùŮ£Ҿͺ, °, ñﻹ˵
ǡߵĹŮٲġ
ûʲôǵ, ϸ緢ˣȻչ˺ñ, ̧, ߿ɺã
̷̫, ̫ϵ, Ȼ֮á
롣೯֡
ȳǰȥ
ѩȻֲõԤ, ܾýյ͸żֲѰûи, ׷ͣ½Ųͷ
㱾԰𣿡ϸʡ
ѩ¶΢Ц, У·ʪǶмŮźŰ, ̫Ҳ˳ɡɹˡ
޷ɹɹ̫ţµģ춼⼸ˣʵڷˣ徲徲ѩ֣кܶ໰˵ء
ѩȥ󣬰˲ʲôʧƺӶϴ塣
ʲộɲǴʮӾܽ⣬пܻķҺĸ壬ѩĴڽ˽սȴѾ࿼ǡ
㵱治Ը㱾ߣѾ
ѩϥţʵڽ߻ǶЩṴ̊ɣҺҲܰЩ
̧ȥࣺǰɣ㣿
ԭûô࣬ѩһѣʱɣи̣һñϸ壿
ѩ˵öԣʵڲԸǣԶԶžͺáȰ
ѩһһͣѾ˵ݶϣȻ˵ʲôҸںɣҪ̫ﻹ˵
źĹŮظŵǣ
һ˸ߣѩͷǹŮǹŮӭѩߣмЦЦ
ѩ΢΢˵ͷʾӦ
ŮǵԶԶظںͷѩֱҲࡣ
Ⲣ΢磬ʮˬߣ˹սǴͣժºǶٷƵĺɻ
æסΣء
ǶɻĿ¶ۣժﱾժɡ
ǶɻͿںߣֻժ±ӦɹŮȻѾҪժ㲻Ը⣬Ҳܲӡ
ѩӦǡȥժɻ
ࣺĹŮǺˣ㿴ǲǣȻЩۻ
ժɻѩδĻӦֻо˻һ䣬ȻߴһУžǡˡһ
ˮɽϣġ
ˮһģѩġ
̫̫̫ˮˡ
էȥˣ˿ȥ̫ӣſں뽫˾ŵشкָѩࣺǣ̫ˮ֮ǰֻ̫࣬Ǻ̫ˮġ
ѩͷֻԲ˫ۺͲҰ׵
ѩĿأҪҧˣԼȥģҶûйϵң͵űɡ
͵һ
˴ˮ̳ˮɪɪŮǸæ˱̺ŵϣҴ޵̧ȥ
йŮеѪˣȥ̫ҽ̫ҽ
̫¥ñѩԤÿ죬üĿһ֣ߵͽѩѺ¥ǴȥֿѺ
Ժ鷿
¥ãɢ̫ʦϣ˫ȽϣüĿ裬鷿ź˶׽¥ʵ
ȥ趼С΢ǵ¥ʷŭ
ܹܽŲҴҵع˿鷿ţ¥ʿģ
ܹŵĶԱҪվſڳ¥ʹֵүˣ̫ҹһͬͺɣ̫ˮ̫ӵ½ҹﶼѺ
¥üͷһݣ͵ش̫ʦ
̫¥ݣѩĲѩǿƿѺ֪ɳʲôֻҪһ뵽㣬¥ʾɱˡ
ӣ¥Ҳ죡
뾣¥ʺȻ
һ䣬ֻܹǰӰһԼǰվ˸һϮޱӣܹܱһôǾµˣû̡̫
վ¥ǰûϲŭĻ꣬ͷڡ
ȥ¥ʵ
Ļ˳ȥӰȥ٣ðܹܰզࡣ
ȻǱˣǲʱ¥ߣб¥ʵİΣ
ȻӲ֪
ѹүҪ¥ʣλүǲ򵥡
¥ʷԸܹܣرİȫûл֮ǰˣκ˲ýţ˵Ժ˳û£˭ȹһá
УֵܳһУԾ󻼣¹Ϻ
ܹܶ¥ʵľԽ˼ֵ֣
ͬʱ
Զ̫ûغ𾴣֮ɽڳж꣬ϢȻͨѩǰһ£Ϣʹɽ̫С
ԶŴجģЩ赹ɽһѷס
ɽ˵Ϣ²ܴ̫̫Ķ
ɽһַԶĸ첲һԶĺ󱳣Զ˳żѩϻۣԼժģ䲻ͷϡ
ԶԶɽԶѾ˳ľϡ
Ѯˣ˪һ˫۾ȴϬ̫ˮ£ûô򵥣ΪѩĴϻۣ±úϹϵ
ɽԶһѣüĴ壺˼ǣ
ҪѩԶ
ֺȻλվڼϢ̫ˮ¶ֵǰȽʥ
ɽڻǰĵλԶܱȣ±Ӧ
ŽȥԶ飬ԶϾʹˣɽ̣ⰲ˼ĴһȥԶŵԺ
Ϣ̫̫˵£ŵɫҰףһɽ˵꣬Ͳϵ䡣
ô飿涣ѩĵıǾƸɲģ̫粻ˮˮƫѩȥʱˮйŹ֡
һᴦģҲģʲôȥɣ鲻ùܣʱҾüӡסɽ
ɽ˵Ҳ㣬ѾԼ˼Ͳٶԡ
İɣҲѩµġ
ͷ뿪ȴͽźü飬̧ȥ˸ңҴʱҲѾյϢҳһࡣ
»֪Ҳ˲֮ǰйڵ飬˲Լǰ飬ŲҴҵӭ
߷̵ģվǽ˵
ô£ΪʲôҹҲȥ˶Ҽǵҹ̫ǰͬȹϵϣ潹Ƶʡ
»ɷڳеĹְڻǰ˵ϻԶȫܱȣѩ£Զڻǰ˵ǼүȴΪ˵
¹غ˥裬»ʱŵľս
ģǿǻ                        
лҪ˵Ѫˣ໡

 62 

»ֱĨ᣺̫ӹ, ˵֪볤, δδϱ˲ȥͺɣԭΪǺ, ˭֪
˵̲ס
Ŀһ, ô˵, ̫Ѫˣ鵱ôɣ
ɽ˼, Ӻѩ, , ¥ĸŮǰɨأ¥Խඪ, ¥ʶԭ, Ϊѩ
ԣͶѩ, Ż¥ǰĨ
˵, ѩǲ, Ǻѩģࡣ
뵽, Ȼش˸һˮͷ, ˶Ȼ
»쵽쳣ʵôˣ
»Ŀ˲Ϭת۾ú»Ĵ, »׷ʣôˣ㵹˵
ҡҡͷ˵»˽¶˵
Ͳ»
Ҳ֪ô죬ҵûȥˣ̫̫ڼҵûȥ̫̫ʲô˵תߡ
»ȥ͵ѣ첽ſߡ
˼㱣£ȻڶĪĹϵ»һҪ첽׷ȥһ·׷Ҵſڡ
ˣ㵽ôˣǲ뵽ʲôˣ»סֱ۲ߡ
ͷȻض»Ůѩ޵գŮҸͣ˵ǿŮʵȴŮͷһͨĸŮŮģŮЦģ
뵽ĸŮʱڻöģҪ˶ھӣķݶϣƲŵǸ
ͻȻˣ»֪׳һʱڵ
ҴŶУſλڴſڳ̲סͣ½Ųָָ֣㡣
ˣʲô˼»ʡ
һʲô˼ʲô˼㲻Ůѩɻһ£ŮסŮŮŮŮڵʱθŮ˵ģѵûи˵
»ͻķû
ȴҪѩǰȷˣѩĹϵԽ⣬ѩԽ
Ҳ˲ǲھˣҪһѡ
˺˺ҴЩġ
ֽģȴû뵽ȻǵŮӣǰ˵ŮѩֶѾ̸ۼ޵ĵزˣѩֶӸأ˭֪һʥּȻָŮԵָЩǰŪѩǷǣ˵ѩ˽飬ѩĸ顣
־䣬ڿ»
벻ףʱ߶ѩǴС飬һֱΪǸãǹѣ˭֪ྐྵȻǰ㼵ҼѩѩڵʱڱĨֱɶ
ǵŲԵޱ֮ˣõ¾ͽඪ˳ȥ侲ʲô˵ʲô˵µȥϸرԽǸõģԸ⽫͹ȥϰ䡣
»Ļҧгݣ˵˵ʲô
ʱڳѾСһѣ˭У䣬͵ʲôѣŮЫĳͼŮѩģǶҲŻ磬ķͷͻģѩ
˵бۣſΧ۵ýζָָ㡣
»澡ʧ޲õš졣
ȻҲ»εĶ¼Ůû£ҾŹҡ
ºݻ̧žͳĴߡ
أһ̤ţйµǰˣԺϢѾˡ
š˶סſڣү̫үˣҡ
֪ԣæӦ
ѩһ䰵Һܺڣֻиߴһȴ͸Щ΢⣬ֻһõţʲôûС
ȣȴЩ·йΧƮѩ˫ϣһš
̤붫ʼͰн䱸û뵽Ǳ˳ɹˡ
еĺӦñסˣ˴Ӻʱ˫ѾȾѪȹӱѪȾһƬѾȥ
ѩǿԼֻоҳؼ⣬취Ծȡ
֪Ϊ˸ŪòײŻϵĺӣֵûкӰվȽŸ
ǵΪ鰮һеŮˣ
Ҳ޸¥ݣο̫ѡѡǸϱĹŮѵϱֵʱ˿ûи
ҲпܣϾŮǸĸ
ѩܾã˼򵥡
⣿
Ϊһò¥ʣĸԸԼĺӺ͸߸ϵδҲҪŪУ
Խ̳ģ˽Գ¡ºʹ󷽣ˣǴģܲȨףฮðա
⣿
ѩر۾
Ȼʯ䣬뵽һ⣬뵽һˡ
汻򿪣۵սѩ̧ס۾Ƭ̺ǿӦ۵⣬Źˡ
˿۳ϵźɫѥ¥վſڣ̫ۣѩı飬΢΢۾
ѩ˫ϥϻվδ񣬿ʱò˿½ҹΪ
¥ݺЦˡ
ٺ¥ƣȴ¥һ뿡ݣЦʱ¥ʺÿһʮĸо
ȻڲͬѾΪˣȴֱͦˣһʤȯյӣʵˣò
˵ʱβѩļһƤ
ѩ˵ϻʵ̫أˣ
еŮ˻ʪı˴Ӻ̳˵Σ¥̧֣ſڵŹϣĹվָڰ¥ݵĻڼ
ȻѾûˡ˵
ѩüͷ壺Ÿʲô£ҵݣʦŮйŮһңףǴ˳ȥҪˣ
˵䣬ѩİ˷
Ѿû˼ȥĺӵ׻ڲڣ񾭽ضǰ¥ݣ䣺ʲô̫ӣͱˡ
¥ٿȻ󲽿ѩƺˣһֱ¥ݱƵǽǣ޿ˡ
Ǳĵ̣ڱĵϷ飬Ǳδþδã¥ٿȻסѩ°ͣú˳ӱῼǷһ·
ѩ۱£
вΪ¥ʣ¥ݼ

 63 

, ѩĺ󱳽ǽ, ǽԴԽѣ£Ҫ, , Ķ, Ҳɷþ, ֲ˽, Ҹ˳, ҲΪԼΪ޷졣
¥ݹЦĶֻܵӬɲ, 㱾ڰ, Ҳû˻֪Ҫɱ, ⡣
ıɱ, , ¥Цѩ֡
ѩ͵һ, 㿪¥ݵ֣վһ, ҲЦһ¶ԼĶģԣΪմһīͿһūŵ˫ֲԵڵ飬ҥˣ
¥ݴǵЦһա
˲, ѩȻ󺰣̫ɱ
㺰ƺҲûãҶû˴ýҲû˸Ҵ¥ݱƽѩ־ȥѩϵ
ٶ̫죬ѩ㲻¥һ¶룬¥һֹסһȥ˺ѩ·
㣬κǸϲ޾Ȼϱ㻹䵽¥ϹЬӦøжˣȻҷ
ѩеسֱۻȥһѪɳϣ¥ݱʹɿغ˼
ŭһƳѩļȥѩֱ۶ˣʶɢƬ̡
ܿѹܵűߴĴŰ塣

ûûˣѩǰδеĲѵעҪ¥ѵ޿
¥أ
¥
¥ʡ¥ʡ
˻ߵؽкɤˣ¥ݱסϣѩƴ¥ݴƴȥץ¥ݵ˫֣ſûá

ѩ¥һɴˤϣڼӲĵذϣҵͷĿѣվͱ¥ݴֱذȥ
¥ʡ
ѩʶƮǰһת
¥ʡҡ
¥Ц㣿ûܾ㣬ԹñˬµһˣζȻͬ졭
ЦݶȻŲ
¥üĿһݣѩ˵飬ⶫڹ¥˼ʱȻǳ˭
¥¶ã·òɽѩһˣݺݵҧҧȷŹ㣬һգҪڱα
⴫£һˡ
¥ݿ첽߳ȥš
δ߼ӭŽ¥ײ¥ʹ֣¥ݵ̫ӵ£ӷѩȥ̩ʥ½ӷ
¥û뵽¥ôõ˻
Ƕûлûб´ŽûнһҲܿס
¥һ֣ȥǴ
ܿͱѩȴٳûг֣¥ʣһӰӰƵ¥ʵ󣬵¥ʵĶ˵˼仰
Ӱ׷˼ǺӰվ¥ʵǰδҼǰ¥ݣݺݵص¥ʡ
ԭոݶ춯ģժ¥ˣ¥ʹңöתעǸ˳ûǱ˽
¥ʴ˿̣һкϯӿɱˡ
¥¥ݣ¥ݱɱһɨ¾˲Ȼ¶һɾ뵽Լݣηȥ
¥Խֱѩİҿ첽ȥ
ѩԴģ˫ӵа߼ˣȫʹصصȥͷײذϣĳࡣ
˦˦ԴһҰ׵ˡ
¥һƿţͿѩǱбڵϣңͷɢңϻɺѪ·һ͵ش˸
Ź⣬ˣ˫Ȳϵˣһֱ˵ǽǡ
Ұ׵彻ӡ
¥ȭͷսͻȻɱˣɱ¥ݡ
첽߹ȥȥѩͷǣ۾嶫Ϊ¥ݣԼһţе
¥ٿס֣ϵָǱ롣
ҡơ
ϤѩĶƬ̵ͣ˦˦ͷ𽥻ָ䵽¥ʵϣٿع䣬ûС
֪¥ʰɢҵͷܱ׾СģŪ¸԰֮£֪̫ˮ޹ء
ѩദ£㶼ףϹۡ
ոʱûп޵ѩڼ¥ʺͲȻػ䣬˿ԼûıֻζӣԽӿ
˵Ĳ¡
¥ʰɢҵͷɢҵ½ãȥĨϵᣬĨһֵˮգѩ¥ʣûУûóѡ
ԭ˵£¥ʿЦԼὫѩߣ֪Ҷ֪ˡ
˵
ѩۣͷʹǺԣһʹתģ¥ʱؿĻ˯ȥ
¥ʵر˱۾
ûˣû˿֮󣬻ӵйԲõǰ̡
ûС
࿴¥ʱѩЦ¥һƳŵ̲̽ס˺üµòٿ¥ʡ
ѩץס¥ʵ䣬¥֪ū˫ֵ鱻ȥˣ˵ģǡڶ̳롣
Сֻ¥
¥ʵĺݺݵؾͷһɫ԰ף˿ѪɫҲ֪ϻûƣȻѩʶ
¥ʻʱҪȥ
ܳס𣿡¥ʵ֮£δ̫꣬ͻ϶ڽ̩ҰȥлҪʡ
ѩݺݵҧҧԡ
游ڽ̩˼ҳ֮ŭɡ
¥ȴúܽ۾Ϣһȵ˽̩ҽ㡣
ѩȷ¥⣬ִҪҲšɴలĵؿĻŽĴǹս
̩ճأ̫󡢻ʺлʹϽڡ
̫ͻϷֱλϣʺվ̫࣬վڻϵ̫࣬ԶǻϵĽʦ¸ѸߣϱԶлˡ
ŮѩǴ֮ϳ
˳ȴֳܲԶҲùᣬվŵȡ
ڽ̩ǰ¥ʽѩ
̽ȥͨõ׼¥ʵ˷߽̩ڡ
ԶһѩͷϵƺͲҰ׵Խʣȴʣرţۡ
ǿԳͱĵճŮڶ˺είȻŪǸǱӡ
Զ۵Ҫ
ѩһ游վڵУ˲ۿ̫Ӹλڻн֮ϳ϶ο
ȴ˶˵վš
ѩͷΣΪΪ
¥ѩڵ̫ӹ˹֣˵Աߣɫã¥ʣҲվԱȥɣ¸ûϵ
¥̧ͷȴδ˵ϣѩ΢ӣһ壬΢Ȼֻţϳȫ

 64 

Զؿ¥, ¶⡣
ѩ, ԭ˪ģΪжڣع, δ˵
ϲǿ, ϰ˱ǰϥ, ¥ϲ, Ǿ, , Ҳ򲻻
ѩ⣬ʵмƽ, ¶ѩûϵ, һ࣬Ҳԩ޳, Ҳ޹ǣ
ϾС, , ҲҪʸ
ף߸, ̫һ±, ʱֻڳ̫ˮģǿܸ˵
ѩñֱԹػش𣺡ػ, ʱ̫ͺɣ˵Ѿ˹Ůţ߼Ȼг㣬㲻Ůٸ֪̫ԲȰ˵̫ùŮǸŸΪ׵̫ǿӦ̫սǴŮǲ̫ķûиתŵµʱֻг檡̫ˡ
̫ժϵĺɻ˵Σգ̫ó檰ժ檼ǺɻȷϺܽ΢ѵժ£ȥ̫ժɻڳ̫ժɻʱ̫ȴˮѩɫҰףԣ檲̫Ϊλˮ
ţüͷ
ŭ㲻㲻ѵ̫Լȥ𣿡
ѩ̧ͷ⣺ʱ̫ڳ󣬳̫ԸΪ̫ժɻϲδ۾ȷˡ
ҹΣòεУȴôûˣ¥ݻδ̫֮λ޺Ϊһϥûлӣ̫֮λһղȡ
ָࣺܲ˵ô£
ڳвʲôȨƣ⻹һνϵĻϡʺˣŵûսս²ѡ
һֱû̧ͷ֪˵
ö£࣬󵨣Ҫ˵𣿡
ڵϵҵز˲ھ̧ԴΡΡػش𣺡ŮŮˡ
̫ʣ㿴ʲôˣʵ˵
ŮСĵؿѩɪɪŮ˵
ѩͫ׶
ڴˣ̫ڴˣʲô㿴ʲôʵ˵û˸Ϊ㡣
ŮŮ֪̫ˮģǣ˻ѣ̫ˮģŮˣͷŮۿġ
¥ʵۣĿɱ֣˵Ҫ֤ݡ
һ
Сʫ̵ѧϰΪ˴֮ѧϰѿլԺֶΣѧϰġˣɵ
ʱֻˣҪתעȥЩŮûУΪУҲСĽһķԸȥŮǣһʼ
ۿߵѩߣֱۻѩ֣ԼӺȥȥʱ򣬴߻һĨ嵭Ц⡣
Ц⵽ʲô˼ڰʱʼ룬ΪʲôҪôûԵɣǲĿġ
ݺѩ
ʧȥĴݺѩɼ־֮ᶨɶҡ
ȸԭϼѩ˾ȻֹһԭŪѩҲֹһҪ᲻Լٲ
룬ģšһϵƣ¡
ǵӭ¥ĿʱȴԾ̲ס¡
ԶûССͣĳô˴Ůѩһ̵ֽģ֪硢ĵƣ̫ԩ޳ΪʲôҪ̫ˮ㵱ŻϵŮ֪۾֮
ԶΪٶ꣬ȳأѸߣһϣŨ
౻ŵսսɸ
ԭ÷ŭѩ˿ȴԵòŭһ˫۰·взɫ԰ףȴ
û֪ʲô
ʣѩ㻹кλҪ˵
лҪ˵ѩ˱۾ʱȻָȻԶͷ游ʹˣŮĻ۽ᷢʲôҪŮǵȻĴܻԼס
Զۿͨ죬᲻̣ŮСƣı
ã游㣬Ůƣ졢ڵءˣҾͲţ滹ͱȱı̫ı
Զ⻰Ƕѩԣʵר˵ġ
϶ģѵͬҵĵճŮܲȥıòɣֱЦ
üͷ壬ʧȥȻʹȴѩẦˣΪֻ߸û뵽ྐྵȻָѩˡ
ôֳ
ÿչ·أȴҪ˵֮£ϵɫԽѿɿˣ
ŮѣŮľսȴòӲͷƤ˵Ϻ͸λǲţ̫
ѩٿЦ
̫ʡ
Ŀ֣̫ʹʧӣ񻹲ಡ齣㵱ʣѩ׼̫ʣԲŸҪ󣿡
ѩףϢŭ̫ȥһ̫̫˵ɣıǴŮеֻԭʵ
ͷ
ҪŪôܲҧѩ˵Ĵ
ѩѩҲнգȻαƵ۾Ǻǡ
ʺϣĸ󣬳檾ҪҲ̫˲ܹȥһӦõģǵˣԼôˮġ
ʹˣԸ˵ʲô
ϲõȥʣ˵Ҳ˵Ҫ˵װףʺȥʡ
ʺﲻҵ飬ԼĹ¹ùȥʡ
¹ùһߣѩϣΪŪ࣬ϣرս̩κ˶뿪̩ͨ籨š
ŭǻʹ˭˽ȥͨ籨ţ
ѩûĻϴӦСС󡣡
ԶڴŻϣҪ¿󣬻Զ¹֮ǰֹԶĶ𣬽̩⣬κ˲뿪
¥ЦǻϷ
¥üĿ
ǶڵĴ𰸣˵ѩ¾ͻûûˣ˵ѩûô֮۾
ĻشҪ
ѩϣ̫ʺʵȥʣֻϣ̫̫ܰ벻ֻһ
̫ʣʲô
ֻ̫ҧǳģӹɡѩ
Ѿʹ̫û˵ʱ֧֧ᣬΪڣû뵽㾹Ȼڮ̫ѩ֪                        
лҪ˵ǵЩСɰ̫żˣΪ˼ӿȣ춼˫ôôա

 65 

ѩȵľ仰, λùôĴ, ̫Ļشǳ檲δôԸʮͥȡ
ʺĵʵ⻰ô˵
Ϊ̫֧֧, Ϊ˰ﳼ, Ϊ˵ݳ, ֻΨһ֤ݳ, ̫˵ǳ, ŲƷ̫Ļ, ûվ̫Ƿ, ̫˵, Ǿͳ̫ݳı̫ϻۣԴĴ¡
¥͵سѩȥ, ڵ, ˪
ѩ, ֪֪˵ʲôʡ
ԭѾȵģ׹, ѩݺݵҧҧԼͷѪ, ҵʹȴ޷ļʹ
ԭۣ׵Ȩûˡ
ģʹ, ʹ
ǿʶ˵˵ѩ㾹Ȼݵ̫󵨣
ѩѪĪ檵ûк˵λʻĹùûˣжۡҳ룬һ檴ٲ֮صľѻᣬ̫زŹᣬУҲ檶ġ
̫ҡͷ̫ʧӣ
ѩЦЦѾĻҲһģϺ͸λԵȣϣ檿ɷ⣿
Ҳ֪ѩ«ʲôҩʡ
ŵʱĸŮǰݷãΪڣȷǽͷһû˵ɣѩ¥ʡ
¥˲׹ѩ˼ش𣺡û
ĸŮ˵ʵȴЦģЦȻ޸˴гªɱ˲գԺмӣûɣ
û
ĸŮָĸ׵ĲӣƵĸŮ¹ģûɡ
û
һ£ţǰݷã뿪ȴĶ߱Щı綨ףıཻûɣ
û
Щ⣬¥޷ΪѾСˣҲסοҲ
лʵش⡣΢΢ף̬룬üĮ·˸ɷֻһʶ·ˡ
¥ʵĲɵս
ѩתͷࣺջţĸݻᣬҷһ£˵ʵɣ
ĿƮβһش
ѩ⣬ֻ档
ڴˣ̫ڴˣʺڴˣڴˣ㻰ʵʵ˵ǣ£Ť󲻶α֯𣿵ѾСٻش𣬱˴ø۾֮ѩ
ŵɫһף𰸾ѿڶʵ
ҳþ룬ûм磬û˵ɣ
£Ҳмɲģҵ˵ѩҲ˵ģ಻ҾѣҧӦ֮ǰĸףΪ
شҵĻͺãҪԼҽڣ˵Ϊ˵ֻȥ㵽˭˵ģǲ鲻ǾڰŪǷǣڹҶں˵˵ѵĸ׾˵ѵͽƾ²ˣ㸸׻ڳΪ٣ܵ㸸׵;𣿡ѩĻ
ûС෴żÿ˳
ûУѩۿͨ죬Ƕãû뵽㾹ҵġ
ػ䡣
㣬Ƕĸ˰ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
ɼǵãʮ꣬մѩ͵ȥѩˤȣұĸʱȥ˫˫׳ͷڸźã
ɼǵãͶʮһ꣬գ㲻ƴŽΪȴղˡ
ɼǵã׿˵ǽҪͬˣиͬͬЩǲǶˣΪ׽ãû뵽ң޲
ǰԭİģԽԽġ
ʲôѩģԶǱǸ
ޡ
ѩȴʱҸûм磬ǲǣǲǣ
ԣǣ˵ûûУ˵ģ˵ġ̬ڵϣޡ
ѩĿǱ౳ѵʹ飬Ҳδ磬ȴ˵˽飬㱳ǰңھӣСԽƣȴڱʹӣҷĹϵΣְ̫ѣأ㵽Ϊʲôôң
Ϊʲô㣬βԼҸվһʲôѩʲôԶѹţûԽ㿴ңûУеķ⣬Ϊ㣬Һڵڻ
ޣȻޡ
ԭΪѩ˸ªɱ˿ħӽڿѹסˣû뵽¥ʾ˫ܼ
Խޡ
ѩĨȥϵᣬڵϣλ֮ߵ׵ϣ檵⣬ˣлϳȫ
޲̾ѩһʻǣöԹⲻص㣬صȻ޲ѩô֤ʣͲš
ʺ¶͵Ц̫̳ŮȻͬ졣
лعʶԼ˵ʲôʹѣȻˣң˵ʵҲȷʵ֪Ӧѩ⡣
ɵؿЦ
ѩѩԶѩ
ǲƽʲôѩòŻ޵ķǱĪĿǺǣǺǡ
ѩߵ׵ˣѩֻǴӲҹ游ϤĽ̵
̫ҡͷЦЦѩݣҲԶ̳ģڸǣȻԶ̳ģȻ̫
ѩ䣬̸̫
̫Ȼվ˼Ŀѩֿ̩Ĵſڣһŵӡ
¥ݰҧҧˣ
һнѩϣ¥˿⡣
üĽҲſڡ
̫Źװʧȥӣ˿ɫ׵һ̾Ҫ£үߣǱʺȥ¹ùúŮ
̫߽СΪԲڴʲô
̫ùú͹ŮĲ򵽵ϡ
һܴӨ׵ʣ˭ˣ뽫§úðһ
׵δøлĸʡĸĸˡѴ̡
ڵأӿ
зƣŮ˵ˣ޸С
̫ʹʧӣ̾ҲԸⷢ飬ˣϸ壬˵˵ʱô¡
ˣΪˣ檵֪˵ģвʵԭʱԻס
ɫɷѩֵ
ģԹ޳ú
Ϻ̫˵ѩĻȫȻ㣣ǲţһѩĿŭѵȻУѩѾ̫Ĵ֮ˡ
ԶͳϹ
ѩЦˣЦȴĿ䣺̫˵ʲô˵ǳ檲СĽǿ⽫𣿡
ѩı̫֪
ĸƬ̵ָ֮ܿ糣ſǻĵģĵƣ볼ԩ޳ûƳ檣ʱժˮȥֻһʱʧ֣Żᷴ˳檡
˳檣ĵģ󸸻ʴᴦߵ׵
˻£̩ڣʱš

 66 

¥üĽ, ֮ǰ, ĴϣΪǵ, ֪¾ûô򵥡
ѩû, , Ҫָѩ, ʵҲ, ѩ, ͸ֻԹù˵ѩɡ
, ʲô
ѩʵ, ȷĺӣѩ֮, λ׷Źѩ˵ѩϴᴦĻ
Ϊѩû, һнݺ
Ϊѩ, ֤࣬ʸܰ⵹ѩ, ҪҪȷѩȷ, ܰģĿġ
¥˵ʱĵ׵ʧ࣬𾪸࣬е㻳Լ
ѩһʱûнӻ, ŬԼ򶨣ֻ򶨲ܴĻҳϴԼɣܻš
ʱʺǺȻʲôƵģֵͷϵζ
¥üһ
ѩش𣺡Ļ̫ˣץų檵ͷײ˶ҵǽ
ʺ¶֮ɫ̫ӣԣʵ
¥ݺ޺޵صѩһۣĵ̣û׼ѩ˭׶Ͼ
ѩĿߣ¥ҲϣҲϣϣȴһż
ȷҲΪʵڴǹȥΪҪδĺͷ˷뵽ȥĺⶾһʱʧǣ
檷裿ѩЦЦ£ǻͻȻ𣿶ĵ̣ǷŻȥ㣿һŮӣڶİȴͼд书ĵ̫ӣ˵ѻʯ飬檻
¥ݱѩµò֪ηβӲһ仰˭֪ǲķˣ
ǵ¶Գ檶˽ȣں󣬵ھʹ֮£Ҳǣ˵¸ֻõԶ볼檣ѩ־䣬檵ûз裬᲻ᷢ裬ϡ̫лʺĿжۡ
ûἰΪ¥ݵĸȻվ¥Ǳߡ
ߺ޲ѣݣϡ
ˣϳȵĻ̫˵鲻ᣬҪŪ̫ˮûйϵ̫˵
֪ѩ¥ݵĿߣ¥ݣٶԣֻĿ¥ݡ
¥ڨڨȻĬһ
¥սȭͷ
ɫҰףѩ˵ֻģȥ㣬ȴңŵˮΪβϣ
檲δ㣬ΪҪϣѩʡ
Ǻܴϻ۵ģֻ֪иһΪñˮ˵ͨ⺦ˮҲǴ
һʣչڣ˲֮ա
һ˵Уһ˵ûУƫʱڳһ˵ǻܳΪ֤ݣ¸û֤ǿ˵ƾ޷۶ϡ
棺ҺҲԩ޳ΪҪ㣿ʲôô˵ʵΪǻδȥĺһ㺦ˮѵҪװʲô֪ҵĺ𣿡
ۿҵģ˵ûңʲô֤ݣʡ
ֱЦ
δ飬ȴҪó֤֤ǿпϵҲҪ֤ݣ
Աߵʱֶ˵
̫̫̾˵ѩ޹ڣǰ̫ǰȥ壬ѩΪ̫·˵Ϊ̫ȷûѩѩʱժʱ̫ţԼ̫֪ɡ
̫ԩѩɫɷס
֪̫˼·չزʲôѾҪˣҪ¥̫ӣ̫δĻʺ̫Ҫȫ̫
Ҫȫ̫Ҫ
ģʲôûȥǿпΪ˱ȫ̫ҪȽܳʹЧȡ
ѩݺݵҧҧ
ģƾʲôΪֻǵλһȵ̫
̫Ŀѩ֪ǸĵĺúӣɲıɱչҪи̫Ե޹ݺ㣬̫ƣ϶᲻òһֻλ㣿ȻԼСģһˡ
Զ£̫ͷ̫ϳ
̫ѸߣֲڳͲضˣҺͻϣоϡ̫ԶĻڵϵԶʱٶԡ
ѩ֪̫ǿҪʺӿͷϣԱȫܣûûܡ
̫ΪλˮУ֪·ʪȴƫŮţĿ檺޽飬ȴҪ͸İΣи檺װʲôģ
ɷ׵ͱ˵ѩ
˵ã֪ΣգҪȥժɻﺦ£ԱߣóȥժѾڰժɻˣȴҪչ֪һСľҪޱȣ˼İΣúñеĺȴƫҪߣװʲôģ
ԣҵʱֻǺˮԲصعȥһѣǲ˼İΣҪĵ¿η𣿡
ѩǺǣȻΪ̫Ҫˣ׵壬ѩ޾壬ʱԱߣңһң̫˵ӵ𣿡
ָݽ֣Լ޷
ͳ檵ʲôޣϡ̫󡢻ʺ͹Գ檵ĳޣ̫ٵϣһʺ͵ĺװѵ˼ʹϣһɽӡ̫ͷ˭֪̫ﲻʱ𣬱Գ檺֮أϾų檹ڳڶϳ檵ġ
Ѳ⣬ܶ䣬ǰϸ˿ģ̫ãֺˣãܵóף
ѩ㾹˵̫㣬󵨣
檷绪ò˫ңҲ֮飬ѩĿưһۿȥмֲһֺȻЦЦң룬̫еĻԭӦǱסģûݺҡ
˫˵˵
ϣΪ̫̫ҽǰʡѩߵ׵
ڰԴ뵽Ĺؼ̫ϲ̫ҽǸܾˣеĺӾ⣬ˡ
¥ʣš
¥Ҫ˵ʺȴǰ濪˿ڣΪ̫ҽʣҲġ
޺޵ص˻ʺһۣ˵ѩģʵȴվѩǷģѩͷϵƣƫҪû̫ӡ
ѩ̧м˻ʺһۡ
ϵ̫ҽ
̫ҽ̫ҽԺԺѣ̫ҽԺѾʮ֪̩꣬뵽ֵ÷з̫ˮһ£˺󹬹Ķǵ̫ҽмƽϡ
̫ӵͷԸȻֻѡվ̫Ǳߣ
̫ҽ߽̩ڵй
ʺʵ̫ҽ㸺ÿи̫˵̫ˮǰӿȫȻ
̫ҽ߶£û˵
̫õ̫ҽư𣿡
̫ҽҪ˵ѩȻ̫ҽҪ˵̫кεȽѵ̫Ӻֻ̫һ̫ҽЩ飬ûа취ȴûа취Ͼƫɶȥˣ̫ıҳ˼˵ʵ۾֮
̫ҽһѩ˵û
̫Ӻ̫̫ҪǸˣܽϣȫȻϣȻˣǻϲȫҶ
ðǸհ
˵˵ʲôҺʱҹ˿
ѩ¶гЦݣüпź룬ֶһָ𣿡
㡭ˣ
ѩȴٻش̫ҽ̫ҽ˵
̫ҽѩ˵бۣѾȷ̫ȷˣѩˣ㲻Ұ̫ˣҧҧ׵̫кӱرȣֲСĶ̥ӱǱסġ
ʧɫ
Ȼعϡ                        
лҪ˵9㡣

 67 

ŭ̫ҽ, ôĵ, ̫̥㾹Ų˵һ, ǲѾˣ
Ϣŭ, ΢ǿ, ֻ̫ӵº̫Т˳, ΢, ֪ͻڴѾ, ĸجģԲ΢⴫, ΢취Ҫס̫к, ֻ΢ʵޣһֱδ÷Ȼ, ΢֪, 𷣡
ѩЦ, λ̫ҽǵ˶ʮԺѵϻͷ⻰˵õƯ
Ӳذʵ, ָֻᱻ̫Ӻ౨˵ʵͬʱ, ָ̫Ӻ̫һТ˳¡ֻϲǵĸñӡ
ˣ̫Ӻ̫ͲϾ˭Σһ˫
ݱȹס
˵ѩ޾˫, ѩ޾Ƿˣκ˲ϣ˵Ż硢ϻ۹ˣȴʼձлɡ
ǰʣܵѩĴϻۣȷˡ
Ůӣ¥ҹҹ֮ӵߣܲ
ӣȻҲᰮɣĳŵʲôʲôˣ鶯ˣĸܿס
ŻѪһ˼صѩǵŮȴѩ̨ûǺ롣
ȻǺ룬յĿģѩŮ¥ǰζն̻Ӭһܡ
ûѩ¥ʻǰϲ¥ʣٲԵŮʲôǺ«
һУѩϣ¥ʶ⡣
Ӳ֪ѩģȻ㵽زһһԼȫȳϴǿϵˮ
ﱾͱסҲ֤û̫ѩô໨֤ʲôʲô֤
˵öԣ֤ϣҲ֤û̫̫Ҳ֤ҵȷ̫ңñͱסĻݺңȴпܵģ֣мѭŻϡ̫ͻʺܹƽʥô¡
ҪˮǴҾһ࣬˭ҲҪ˭ɾ
ʧѩȻһЦΪڣû뵽㾹ȻݣܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ģҧһڣȻˣҲطǵ˼ˡ
ѩ̧ͷü
˵Ҽ㣬˭˭ķ㼵һҼ㣿־ұ㣬ȴֽºΪʲôΪ㼵ңΪҺ֮ǣΪ֪ң
¥ڵ˫΢΢
ѩɫ䣬֮УȻȴȻЦЦ¥޴
ԭϵŮˣ㲻ֶϣΪ˱ȫԼԼİ˶汳ȻŮˣ°
˻£͡
̫ŭ̫ݵúԣ㣿֪˵ʲôֵܵĸ飬ֱ񼫣֪³
ĸûк˵˵׿һˣ檱Щ棬䳼顣
˵ѩΪй˽ߣˡ
˵Ŀⶼ¥ʵϣϺͻʺĬΪϴԼȻǣô̫ӣϵֶӣ˼ҳ
νҳ󲻿Ҳʱ˵
̫ض̫
ѳڣ̫Ͳòʶ̫˵Ļģ
ѩ¥ʣ䣬䣬ܶصУ¥ʰûнӻüŹߵѩ
ŮӨ׵׵͸¥ʡ
ֻҪ¥ʷ̫Ļܽﳹժ׵ش̫λϹ
ѩ֪¥ʲôᱣԼΪһ̫Ļֵܸ顢ʼҵͻʵʵⱲӾͻˡ
¥˳õĳĬ
ܣǰϹ۰ɣ룬ԭΪ㱻һͣҲܵ˺ԭȻһֱˡ
Ϊ˱ԼؽˮƵ˿ڣΪ˵ЦӳΪ˵ЦԣЩ꣬ƭˣ
ñ˲ûбͱһδᱣȴʼձտڲԣʱȥǰ
Щ꣬õʲô
Ǹ׵׵ɵϣ¥ʿЦ
飬ȴ壬¥ʱ΢شػĸ̫£ѾǺܾǰˣֻѩúѩ֪֪ǰ˼Ҳ֪
һģɵĻش𣬼֤ûѣҲûгѩ֪⣬ѩһ׻ظǡ
վλãشúð
ѩЦ
ڹؼʱ̲վԼ߰ԼɷҪʲô
дʴ壬ȴҪĴʴ壬ΪɷԽϾȢԸȴܽܣΪһݺԼŮ˶ѡ
Ȼɷ򣬱Ӧȫȫ
Ȳͬģֺαصޡ
̫ɫǺ죬Ҫ˵ʲô̴ҴҽڵϳϣжС̫ʥ˵Ŀ̫ˮ̡
ɫһݣϵ
Ӵſ߽һʮϸС̫ܸ࣬ߣ˺ݣƵģŹһźԵĺ룬۾ʱֻһ϶
̧ͷĿɨڵϵ¥ʣַɿشͷȥ
¥üͷһšҪ˵СǯѾѩϣūǶֳɻСǯӣ̫ˮʱūžڲԶΣū÷
˵ĿⶼǸϸСǯϡ
ϵ˵
СǯӼʱںժɻ̫ԭվһλãҲ֪̫ߵԱߣʱδͷǷһѡ
Եȷ̫ģ
СǯԴøͣشعĻǵġ
ѳɶ֣ԶȻѡ
ѩüĽ֪ͻȻ̫ܳൽô£˵ʱб۵ģڳѵǡ
Ȼ¥Ƴȥ
ŭѩ֪
¥ʲȥѩ۾۾￴
ѩлعߵ׵ûûһǧһ֤檻Ǿ仰û̫
⻹⣬ǴԼˣѩ㲻ԼҲܲ游ܲ˵˥衣
Ҳ
ϡ̫󡢻ʺϸ룬̫ҽǿ̫ݺ檣֪̫еĻﱾͱס
Ҳ֪бʲô˸̫Ǹˣֻǳںߵģûˣô˵ֻΪ̫ҽ˵ʵ
㾹ڴ˿ʡתϵϣ֤ڴˣѾˮʯﵱɱʽЧȡ
ʺȴҡҡͷãĸ˵ǲǣ
̫ʱǸӡ
ӣӱǰĻϣĴҺʵԴӵϻλ;ҵҵһҪ̵ĺûʵۡ
СӱѾȥү¥Ϊλıλ¥ӲɱһѪ·ϵǻ¥Ϊסϵλսһ˲˵ͣԽԣͻ϶¥
ԣ¥󣬻Ϻ̫󼸺Ӧô¥ȴδʲôˣ¥Ϊ¥ϴͻ飬Ļ̫ĵճŮȻΪѡǴӦˡ
ѩ¥Ķϱʱ¥ʰѩƼ޸¥ʣѾ㹻ˣû뵽˵飬ôһ룬;ѩʵɱ
̫Щ²ȥ֣ʴȣȻҲǣΣҪ˼ѾȥĻʵܣңµȷ͸żֲѰ
֤ѾԸѩˣ뵽ʧȥĻӲĳڵˣѩȽѺΣݺ䡣
¥һ׵ϣ֪΢Ըϣϴᴦ
˵գó˫ָ߾٣ͷ
֣ʵˡţ˿ɵƣǻʱͣδùҲδһãȻǽȥ
𾪣жҪڳ˶¥ʾȻԸΪ˾ѩ
ʵʶ㵱ҪΪѩ
ѩܲôεʪϴᴦ¥ʵ
ϳüһ֣ߵ̱ǰ¥ƣתʸϣΣ⣬ӣȥʮЧȡ
¥ȴѩ֮΢֮΢Ըѩܷϳȫ
¥ʣʿɶֹ
ѩЦֻʮȣѾˣˣҲãץסĻᣬΪԼı·
檶лϲɱ֮ѩߵףĺ⣬ˣ檲Ҫ
⣺ֻǳ檼ȱɱڣ󲻿ԣй֪ʱʸףʸһ꣬檲Ϊϣ׼롣

 68 

һ, ¥ɫ˲, һƬ
ص˿ã, ҪľǺ롣
, Ҳͬ, ĵľ޴Ŀ־¥ʵۿ˲Ѫ, ѩýȢ, , ѩ룡
ѩûлӦ, ÿЦ
е˳Ľ, ֪ݺȴѡ, վ±, Բ, ͻȥȴ޶á
ʱ, ӣ
ĵˣĵ, Եݣ
ϡ
¥ʵĶͷڱĵذϣϻ̳ϿֵϣѩǸΪ΢Ȣģȥ, ΢ѩ룬Ȫֻ֪²ðϿڸϣҪ΢ѩ롣
Զ첱Ӵ֣ͷŹϳŮɣȻͰҰɣԸһӡ
¥ҡͷֻҪһ뵽ʧȥѩ޷ܡ
̫ȻѾ޸ңҵˣҵĹˣҾߣ¥ĿɭȻֻߡ
ѩۿ
̫֪¥ʵӣʱĨɱóϸֳ֪
Ѿˣ˳̫ϣҪ׵ܵھȪ֮£ðϢ˳ʶ˼ɡ
Զʹѡ
룬ûָˣ¥ʵϵ׻ŻѪҺ׻̫ӣԶҲվߣѩɵؿЦ
ϵȥ̡
ѩȴѾԼ˫ϥվĨϵۣۿѹɤĸʹʣԼߡ
̫֣Լ߰ɡ
ȥߵſڵʱٿضסŲͷ游ʮӶѣŮסҪסӦŮĻ壬ĸȥء
Զصص˵ͷ
ѩתߣӰɣúһ̾Ҫȥǣվûеȥ
Ӵ¥һֱǵӰȴһһ߳ߡ
㱼ΪԼѾʧȥΪĶ
̫ˣûʺȥϢǰ̫ȴصһۣúùܽĶӶϱֻڣͲнˡ
̫𱸣ͷúܵͺܵͣ䲻ҷ
ͷ۵úܣȴλߵԶǰԶ̫̾ޣҲ޵Ѵ
Զףϳҡ
ϰڰֵ°ɣˡ
ɸ߹ţ̫뿪˽̩ŭص¥ݺɸֵҧҧǻȥú÷ʡ
˵գһ˦䣬ҲҪתߡ
Զû˼ǣ첽̵ĵطȥ¥̧ȥסҰһ¥ʵɹң
¥ʵüڵ⣬ƻ۵мˡ
̫ˣǱһֱˣ
ٿȻ䣬¥ʵָЩԽŲҰ׵㲻ң
¥ЦЦġ
԰գڰ˺ܾõϣŵס
ʮ꣬ѩѻȥԶʹݴѴϣ뽫
¥ȴѾһѩĿӵηѩ㳯ߣȫԶ
Զ첽׷ȥŮҡ
¥ûѩʧԶԶ󼱣Ҫ׷ȥȴȳصĵ̫ûſŭ
ѩǱʹѵģʱѾҹ͵ƣƹơ
ʹľſڴϣϸһտԵظоϵѾҩɼˣʹԾ졣
ѩҧҧ
ﲻҲ֪ʲôطҲ֪ԼΪʲôΪʲôûб游ȥ
˼ǧߴŵѩʹ̧ͷſȥ
಼¥Žẉ̂һС룬治֪װʲôѩ⣬ߵ¡
¥ʽ̷ŵԱߵСϣֶС룬ӣؽ
ˣϴҾʹժ¥еҩЧܺá
ѩĿ䡣
˰࣬źŶûнʳ϶ˣιһ㡣ǰδеᣬҨһŵش˴Ȼݵѩߡ
ԣ˾Ͳóˡ
ѩ۰Լǰ࣬˼˿һɷǳ嵭ļ㣬ʳ󿪣ȷʵܶǡ
ѩ͵һ֣¥Ӻྡӵ˵ϣմɵӣ˲ѳأһڴһС
ѩƣ
¥ʶĶƬ̣ͷˣ˭ҵȴƺеεӣȥµӽ
ѩͷûˣ
¥ʵͷһߴһ߻شĻúúóԷҾȥǲԷҩһֱɡ
쵰
ұǻ쵰޸֮ǰ֪ҵĵУˣҲûõģ¥˵Ҩһݵѩǰ˻ڵĴֻǼˡ
ѩ˫ͨ죬ŭص
¥ޱ԰ɡ
ҪȥҲϲժ¥ѩ֪š¥ʣԽ¥ʶȻӦúúá
¥ʵãȺࡣ
ѩ죬ˣʹܣ¸θյĸооԼָһûоܾ¥ʵιʳ
һ¶ǣѩθûôˡ
ſڴϣֻҪһ۾ʹԽʹݴ
İĻûаȫУ⣺ھȥҲϲûϤѾߺ裬Һ¡
¥û˸۸㡣
ѩü𣬷¥ʣ˵ҲϲҪȥ㲻һȥãԼȥ
˫ӴȥȻŸն˶ȣһĵʹϮҵʹ󺹣Щ˫һֱʹȥ
ѩʹֱ
ʵޣʹʵ̫ˣ۾ԽؾȾˮžžવµȻþ
ˣȴİժ¥źѾ߶ûС
ȥϵ˵˭ҩֻҪһ뵽ѹ˸ҩ¥ʣ;޷ܡ
ѩݺݵҧҧ
СĵŲ˫ȣӴȥֻҪվȣ߳ȥ
ʹҧأǿ๡
иɾӰȥ˶ͷϸϸܵ亹ͷ˵ͳεĳĿɬҴȥ

 69 

ѩû
¥, Сرܹʹ, ᱧᣬѩʹĻݺݵس鴤, ¥ʶһ, ų˼亹
, ŷ, 뽫һЩ, ȴŪ
ѩʹһ㺹ԲԲ
߰ɡҧҧ, »ľʹ˵
¥ʱѩ˷, ӭ, ¥׼¥ѩߣõҩݸ¥ʣ, ҩѾ, ÿ, һһÿһʱ
Աߵ뾴Ӷӹҩ, 
вϵˣҪÿջҩ, ҩ
¥ʵ˵ͷѩ뿪ժ¥
ϴ߳¥뿪ķЦ˵, ѩ̫̫ѩ
жûȤȰûٽ
ϲã˵˵ôˣܴң
ǣֶֻ£̫¶Թǵ飬޹أñܣ˵
ϲΪ⣺Ҹô꣬Ҿķ˴Ҳᷣҡ
Ը⣬֪ϵŵġ
¥ʱѩᣬŪֻüͷһֱδʹѩ
¥ʣˮ㲻
¥ǿԼ侲ƽֱߣҴȥժ¥һΪˣϴΪߣ̫ͻҲ̫ѩ¥ʵӣҲ뿪ҡ
Ӧһ京Ļѩڶȴúܶġ
¥ʵƢ֪ЩòԴӦЩòͬ⣬ȴãûж¥۵ǻǻ⣬Ϊ¥Ѿ˾Ҿı䡣
ϣһҡһεģĥ˿ڣʹ
Ȼϵ˿ڸʹģġ
ǰһֱͲףΪʲôûô⣬ȴ㴫Ǹӣζ˵ֱͨǸ˫ɡҺȻȫˡѩЦ
ЩйĲõԣԼר˴ȥģԲԣΪ㲻ȢΪ㻹صڸôŮˣֻΪ˸Լֻվԭеλϣúñģ룬Բԣ
¥Ŀ⣬Цǰġ
㽫ժ¥ӽ볯ãժ¥Ӵ˳ΪʼҰҲΪ뱣˵ûɣ۾ʵ
¥ʺۿⷽԭ򣬵ȫ
ѩ̾Ϊ٣еľδ¥ˣһˣ㾡УԸһ
ѩЦˣЦݲұ룬ˣΪβߣ
¥ļһʹʹϸϸܵģ֯Щ͸ѩĶ棬üŮҰ׵գȴ֪λش
Ϊʲô
ΪܽܣһܵץסʲôţҲܵиɣߵڣûиĸûṴ̊ȨǮƣǰΪ뱣ţֹ֮ͣһϣָʲôţ
ȻΪѩ
ûиĸûŮȴӡ
ѩɣԼûκ˻㣬ԼһصүҲΪ˶ˣԣ˫ӮǺܺ𣿡
˵໰ɤӸƵܣ˿ڴһʹԴΡ
ҵģ֮ºΪʲô㲻ͬҵӣʲôûˣȻʧȥҵӡ¥ʻش
Ȼ£ѩ۵á˻һСԽ׵͸¥ʶȥѩһƴ֣Ҫܡ
ļִʹгӣ¥ɫҰףСʶ֪ԭ˸ȥฮףͬˣǻͻȻּһΪ̫룬Ը̫ҲԸԲ
⣬ȥһμѻϧ⡣
ѡ̫ҪȽԼŮĻȥģฮûеݻλᱻѡΪ̫ѩЦʡ
ݵģ֪顣¥ʻش
Ůĸ֮ý֮ԣڵݻʱûоͬ⣬ѩǲ⣬ֻǣΪܾﲻԾ
ѩңΣ¥
һһ𳤴ˣǲˣȴʤˣ֮ûŮ֮飬ܻ֮꣬˴ͻΪⱲӶҷ˻ĸ⣬͵̫ˣӴǽ壬ǰ;ܻ佫ˮȴɱ
¥ʺʹ࣬ѡϣǶܺúõģ첻
ûã벻ȫİ취ֻܰѩҲվѩϣһ
ֻҪЩӣܽ⣬Ȼѩǲǣһ첻᲻ΪѩΪУ֪ڣ첻
ɼˣҲǴôǴ
ѩ޷ش⣬֡⣬̫ĲأûյԼĽűϣ˭Ըʵ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ѩǷϲ㣬ûлشҲ޷شΪҲûҪնϹúúģⲻؿȥĻһȥָοң֮꣬壬磬ѵϣˣ
һ𣬲úܿºֲܿ𣿲Ầ½Լ˽⣬ҵӣҵ壬ҵչ˺ֽ𣿡¥ȭͷգʡ
ѩ˵
Ұ㣬ҾȲѡȴҲԸ㶨ͷвԱУ£ֻû뵽֤
ش̫֮ʱΪǿԲ֮ģȫû뵽֤
ûǸ֤һ޷⿪ԣѩͲᰤӣȻǻóƤ֮ࡣ
뵽ƵĽ취
ǣһУǸ֤ٵˣ¥ʳ˳۾
һбŮ˵ǵ˰˱ùѩȻеĽ¥ʳΪɾˣҲڻҪת
ûˣĻǺ룿
¥ʽҹ˵̫໰ڸۣѾ˵ˣȴòһһ
ģ̫ܲ˽⸸ڻϺͻĸеĵλϻλǸѪƴɱģΪȹ̻ϵλã䵽սĸЩͣһʹߵ硣ϺͻĸԸΪΣԻϺͻĸұ͸ݣǸΪģǹ⺦ˮĵвˣֻҪҲԸ⣬ϾͲǺ롣
ˣʵվҲóڸϣҲ֮ǣֻǱ㲻ǰ϶ʮӾܽˣ˵øء
ƺˣѩȻ
ƣֻ˽ñһЩ֪㣬ɷ򣬱Ӧվһͬ飬Ҳû취ˣҲȥ򲻵ѣҲȥһ¥ʲ˵
վѩȫɲԭ¥ʵΪ
¥ʣҾܿ谵ĹӰ£ĿɬģҼģҲɺ޵ˣ֮࣬й֮޲
¥ûѩ˵ûֿɺޡ
Լ㻨ô˼ҪˣζģȻ𣬵ʵȫժϧΪԱˮ˵㰮ĽԽѩأЦЦ˵ǲǺȤ
¥ԳȷȤԣ޹ϸ𡣡
ĵģ˭ĸ鶼޵׶Ծѣ֮֮ȥαҲȫ꣬´Σֻվѩߡ
ԺúܵѩҪõҪģ߿
ģʲô룬
ѩȴ룬ǽ󣬻᲻йϸ𣬷ǲԸٺ¥йϸģʹϮЩͷǣڳϱ۾
¥һֱֱ˯
ǰͣ£ʱҹҹɫŨ죬¥ʽ˯ȥ¥ѩɽԺߡ
¥һ߽ɽԺѩѾǱΧѩѾ¥ʵĻ˯ˣֽԲѾ߶ȥֻ³
¥߽ɽԺݣѩСطŵϣ䵽ϵ˿ڣŮӽ΢΢˲üšһ硣
ҴҽСүˡ
Щˣ¥ʡ
оҪ⣬ش̫̫ˡ
¥ʳ˳ǽɣκ˲ˡ
Ӧˣ̧ȥ
Զɽһ·ͨؽɽԺɽԺǣշʱѾһһ˵˿֪ҪȻϣΪѩһ
ȥʲôɻ˶ʮ壬˲ѩԲѱ¥ʱʱ۵ĶڵѪ
Զ˽ٴκۿæ˵̫үˣԷ˻δѣȥɡ
ԶɽӣڣԶʣأ
ҲԷ
ȥүš»תͽѩķ䡣
¥ʴʱѩĴߣ̹¸񣬳ˣūûչ˺𷣡
ūҲ𷣡ŵ
¥վԱվЩѩ
ѩδſڴϣҲ֪˻ˣкϴűѩŲҰ׵Сۿ̺ˡ
ƿȥѩˣ˿ڴһһı˿ʵʵڵ˵ΣˣҲ֪ȻǲҲ̶á
뵽Զ˵ʱŭա
ߵ¥ʵǰơ 
ž
İը죬㻹иո߽趼Ŀɿڴǿɱ˲գ۵ȻֱӾͶִ¥ʵ
Ȼʵúˣһȥֱӽ¥ʵӲƫϺܿ͸ֳ޸ָӡ
Ϊ¥ʻᷢŭȻȴ˶˵վţһ
ָָⷢ¥ʵıʵ㵱δӦҵģ˵ҵŮˣĳŵ
¥վľ׮ָǸεԲ𡣡

 70 

Բ𣿡, ¥ʵ˫һȼա
ŮĶʮ, ƮƮֶʲôãŮŽ׳󣬴С᲻һ, ԴӼ޵, һֱֶ, Ҳǿ, Ϊʲô㶼첻ϰĽ̫˵˵, 㻹ʲôã㻹ʲôã
ŭɶ, ҽվҪŮߡ
תͷȥ裺ȥѩǻ, ˵ѩĵط, ֻᱻеùͷʣߡ
¥ѩĴǰһ, ˸ߴӰ˶ס, һֲ๵Ŀǵĸ, ѩ㲻ܴߡ
Цˣ㻤סҲ, ȻҪߣÿ
¥ʶ˶˵վ, һӣһģҪѩ, ɱҡ
ŵþһԶɽѵҲ˲ˣæ˽ͼ
ָ¥Ŀڣסڲסض£ɫࣺΪҲң
ﰲţס˺ֵ
¥δޱվҪ˼ѾԶŭ֮£һὣǰһͣ̽¥ʵļ
үС
¥һɹȥæסԼ죬ľԽʢ¥ʵȥ
ߣɱ¥ʣֲǰֻܴſڡ
豻ŵɫף¥ʿ̫ӣϵֶӣҪǴ˳ȥֻ˭ûк³
ס죬սս˵Աߡ
ҵ˵ٸŮҾҲҪߣסȵÿ
̹ǵʹδ¥аֵȴȻǰбԽĹ˼֣Ѫ
ͨۿ˶ݻɵִ֣
ߺܳѩ˯ԺģԺ۾ͿסЩ̴¥ʵļѪһĴϣǴĿ޺졣
ͫ׶Ȼ֡
¥ȴԶδһľսԶúҲˣֱˣ
ѩ˻Ƶغһ
棺
֮࣬ȾҪ壬ȥ̫ҽŵ￩һҪ˹Ѱ̫ҽ¥ʵ¾ͻᴫ̫ͻϵĶýɲСҪ˵¥ȴһ˿ڡ
¥ʺסɽԺĶҲȥ뾣ȥҶ
ѩľƣֿԼý¥ʣǾѣʱᣬô¥ʣ
ҧгݣ˵ˣҲܴؼңҾһ
ѩЦ
¥ʵвְԵռѾĵزַӣ޵ɽʹû£ǻȥɡ
˵û£ϱһһܽû𣿡ֱĨᣬҺ游ؼңӣҪ
ˣ̲סͿʼˡ
¥ʣϲ˿ڴѪɫһһزҰȥԾɶ˶˵رֱվţǲѩߡ
ⳡֱľ
ѩϵʹ϶ſڴϣѿһЦݣҲ˵Ƿˣʲô˵ģǶȥɣҲܰãˣͻȥǡ
̫˽¥ˣȻ˵ŻߵĻô;뿪
ôţһü˷ģ¥Ҳܶʲôȴ
Ϊʲô۾ʣǸ߸ϵ̫ѩҵŮȻ飬ΪηҪߣҰɣŮңŮ
˿ڴҵʹû¥һüͷѩӣǲܴߡ
̧ǿϲŵǰֿ֡
Զߺ˶˶
ɽסļ磬ļ򰲸¥ʵѩǷʥּ޸㣬ԸȢҲԸȻǶǱȵģԵҲõ˽αٿĥű˴ɣǸá
áҵʹ˵ʱɤ˻ƣȻء
ɽڹٳ꣬һɵı£Ȼʱ¥ʣ֪˵ı£ˣ졣
ѩ飬ˣΪβԸ֣ҪԸ֣ҿҵҲ쵽
¥ӲʯͷʲôҪֻҪѩ
һӣԶ롣
ѩر˱۾ֳ游ǻȥɣµģʮûдңûʲôҳˡ
ǡ
ﻹͳչңѩĻοҳԵǶпҩҽǿԷģҾ˵ġ
ָ¥ʣ˶Ҫ۸㡪
ġ
ɽô϶᣿û㡣
Ϊѩ
Զɽţ裬¥κ˺ѩ飬Ҫһʱ֪ͨ
蹧˳Ӧ£Զ˲ۻȥ
иϵɽԺʱ¥ʵļϻǰźūüͷģǵ¥ʡ
¥ޱ顣
Ҳ໰ֱסһѽ¥ʵļϳѪɽĿģū˿ڿˮ
оЩ⻢ǰĶų
¥ƺһʹɫ࣬У㵹㰡ү
УȻһس飬ýϸϸظүһ飿

үǸˣ¥Ѫ˿ڴֹѪҩۣϸ뿾˻¥ʵ˿ڷүԱ˺ݣԼݣ
¥۵ô죬ûͶд̡
վԱ߿Ŷ¥ֱ£¥ʵѪﴩūҪأĵҲ̫ˡ
ȴ治ɫԣ¥ʵֻһ鲼Ѫ⣬̾˿ү˻˻׬ˣ
¥ʼĬδš
и¥ʷϺ˿ڣҩۣ˿һһذֹֿѪҩҩ˵үϣڽյΪɡ
ϴ꣬ʶѩǸŮӣ֮ǳȴܿǵ֮ˡ
Щ˺ˣֻ£ѣԭ¡
֪¥Ҫѩԭµʱ򣬻᲻һƤԸλ߸ϵ̫Ҳ¥ʵİɣǻģλὫ¥ʾ
¥ر۾
أԿЦ

 71 

ѩٴʱ, Ѿǵڶ, 壬໨ɵĻƿŵĻǶѾȫȻʢۺĻ, Ȼ, ɷǺÿ
ʹ, һҹû˯, Դ, ̫
ź, ѩʶһ㣬ʵ¥ϵ, ôģ
մˮѩ, Сش𣺡˶Σү˵鲻⴫, ֪ҲֻǼ, ҷ, ᴫȥġ
ѩ˿
˵ǲС, ֻҪ²ȥͺá
˺˹, ˵˵ˣ
ߣǸ꣬ǷЦģ, ʲôǻȥˡ
ѩȷûκˣ˵˵ҽЩ岻㣬͡
Ӧ˻ȥ
߷߲ƽ̫ңѵС󣬺ܹȿࣿʮӣЩҪȰ
˵ţѾǰĨᡣ
ѩϼʹоԼǱڻϿƵܣЩҲᣬĿǰҪǰϵá
ˣʮֵľȥԸЩսթ֮ˡ
ѩɢҵĳ˳һߣ㣬мƽϣĪ˵Щʡ˶У顣
ͷ
ӴԺػ佫嵽¯˰ݣߵ뿪˷ãߵ£Ų΢΢˶٣˵϶ϱϱȥѩˣɼˣ
蹪ش𣺡δü岻ʣ͡
ػЦүǧټƸ¥һð֣һõϧ¥ǲʶĶ֪ϧҲ֪ϧ
˶٣ֵϧˣʮӾȻûд
ֶҿԡ
¥أػʣһȥˣ
СӼңү͸ǳȥˣ˵һƷᡣ
ⲻĶҳñػýӺݺݵضڵϣۿ¥ʽһȴֻ֪Ʒʫͻǵű¥ʸϳȥ𣿡
費ҿ
ػԸӽ𣬶ǮҿôQ
Ӧǡ
ѩ򵥳˵ţ˯ˣʱѾ磬үٽȥˡ
ѩʶ˲ѹ¥ϻˣǱˡ
үߵʱ򴩴ʮ룬Ӧòֻū澲֪үΪʲôصһ˵
ʲôȻΪյ顣
̫λϣĴųţ˿¥ʾ͹Ժȵϣͷһϸϸܵ亹
Ҳ֪۵ģȵġ
̫ڵԺһֱûҲ˵š
ԱźȰ̫󣬶һʱˣٰȥүܲס
ʲôܲסģˣأš̫ѩʮӴ˹ȥһѾܱˡ
̾ԼҲ𣿡
ҲҪ򣬷̫룬־˸Ϊ¥ʹ˾ȫֲ䣺һ֣Ҳ
¥ʵǹɣ̫ùţ͹ţ仰ʣ仰˵
һ򣬾͹磬ŵʱ䵽ˣ̫¥ʽȥ
¥ʽ˫ϥһţԴЩ΢΢̫ˮֱߵϣŭʶ֪Ϊ
¥ʹñֱ֪
֪ҿʲô֪̫ɫ࣬㵽Ū˭ûУ㵽Ū㸸ΪҪƤѩ޸ûУ㵱ô˵棬Ľ̫֪ʼҵ涼㶪ˣ
¥ʳĬ
̫˻Ҿ֪Сû϶㲻䲻ȣڹ̣ܽһ飬뵱ȻΪƺûУһȥɷֵô
֮£޹أȴΪԱӲˮѩ޴Ӵ˲㱻վ˿ڣŮˣֵΪԼ϶𣿡
¥Ĭ֪λش
̫̾ѩûУŮӸ㣬Ҫ룬˴ûѡֻٶˡ
ѩҰ׵¥ʵԺһֲġ
̫ҡͷҪʲôûУǮȨʲôУ˼ұ͸ģϡֲʲôֲ
¥ʣҵҵС
̫󣺡˼ϡϡУ
¥ɫɷס
̫⸱ɥӣֻʹҿѩֻѾǺ޼ˣˣ㵹ɣӴһɣãΣ
¥̧ͷڵһ֮ɫĸҲ롣
ȲΪβԸߣ̫¥ʵɫ¼ʲôŮûУбѩõģһһ
ҾҪ¥ҡͷ
̫ؿ¥һۣ˪ˣ۾ӣȻͨʲô¥ʵǰ㣬ţѩ
̫Ļʵίʵѩ
¥ʲ
̫ʲô˵ģĸ߻ĸĸҶˣԵѵζû𣿡
ڱ˵ˣ¥ʿЦش𣺡ѩû
̫ⲻȻ˼֣¥ʷĳʶǸ۾ģ¶Լ⣬ĸϣܿԼģҪȥЩ·
˵ҪҲǱ˵ģģ͸ҲģԣҪԼߵˣ̫¥ʵļ򣬡ˣָȥ㸸žˣֻϣܹúõġ
¥ʴͷĳģ֪
ȥɡ̫
¥ת뿪ѵˣΪβү뿪أ˴գˮûкȡ
Ϊ˷ţˮȣǰҷ£ǹͷ⣿˴գʲô壿̫ҡӣѩ־ᶨʶߣֻ½һƤ
ǰүһѰ۵
ʲôԼ飬Լѡ·ײԴҲȥ˰ΪԼѡ𡣡
¥ǰŸߣŻʺ͹̫ʰտһϷ̫һ̫󲻿죬һ˻ϲ죬ʺĺá
˴Ÿ̫񣬻ʺЦʣ˵ߣ
̫ûʺߣã֮£ൽʲô룬ʵѩǺί氧һȥǺӡ
ʺԾ
ֻ̫˹ɿԽ̫׽̫Ĺϵû뵽̫Ȼ˵һ
ѩ޹ģѩ
ǻʺһ֮ĸδʺĳȥ̽ĵοԷ̫Ҫ̧ѩ
ңôĶ
ʶƫ²̫˼Ƿôһ֣ⲻ˵ˣϣ氧Һúðѩˣ̫Ҳο塣̫
ʺţּ
ʺҪߣ̫ȻֲЩȥʲô޳С˲¹ףҪ͹ȥҪñ֪ǶǼΪġ
ô
ʺȻӦֻ̫»о涫˼

 72 

, ̫޵
һû˯, ɫʮƣ룬¥뿪ǰ̻̲߷߲, ¥ʾȻѩ
ôΪ˭
ֲɵԼС, ζҪĺӱס, Ѿ˼ҪǺ, ȴûԸ, Ϊ˻ù̫Ĵ滳, ֪ⱾǴ, Ҳ
¥Ϊʲô룿
ָݽ, ҧء
¥ͬ룬һжֵõ, ֵõİ
ͷһƬӰ, ̧ͷ, ӭ¥˫۾ź˵ɷ, ̾Ҫ̻ŵûһ, ̲ס
ʲôֲ㣬¥Цڴ԰׵, Уڻˣ
ˮġ
˰ɣ㵱˶ɵӲɣ㻳źӣúõ·ƫҪȥЩСŮţﵽʲô㵱˶𣿡¥ݿмź˵ϻۣǺѩȣ㻹ǲԶˡ
Ŀұȡ
¥תĴָϵİָȻһЦȷȣ㿴ԼһȵòŻһǱѹҲѹ¥ʻᰮ
˭˵¥ʰ
㲻ϣ¥ݹЦڽ̩ϣΪ¥ʳϰĽǰĽˣЦ뵱ѩҪʱ¥ǾʧӣǰŹѾ£ǰ޴룿
ֵ¥ݣ¥һһϵѪڣҪһڽɡ
¥˵ĽұǰĽңѩǣ
ΪԹ壬¥ǸԼûʶˣ¥رϲ˿̻ŵı飬뽫ݺݵغݺݵزȽ֪ŵĺ
Ϊ˲෴Ŀˡ
ָظĲ˵¥ʶԼѾѩΣ
Ŀ֡
ֻߣ¥֪˵Ϊ˼޸ҶܾүףֵΣ
Բ۾
¥ס°ͣǡôδŪøϽ壬ϽٻϺӣ򱾹Ͱܸ¥ʡ
ӣʲôӣŮ𣿳һһעҪ̥㿴˭Ϲӣ
Ҫӣͷ¥У˼꣬òײŻϺӣ
¥ʲôа취
ʲô취а취õȵڣ
¥ЦЦ𼱣ʱ֪ˡ
вõԤС
¥뿪ɥԸߵĹŮȥǸСǯӵĸ
ŮӦȥܿ콫Сǯ˹СǯӹڵϳͷūŸ̫ʣ򸣡
̧ͷ
Сǯ̧ͷԼǰŮˣͷ̲ס˲Сǯӵ۾ʵ㵱濴Ʊ
ūŵ濴ˣСǯӺԥػش𣬡ūǶūţūŵӣίūȻҪЩˣūֻϣܺúõġ
ˮʵūӦվΪƽСǯӿͷūŶģؿɼ
ЦЦ֪ˣԺڱ°ɡ
СǯӴϲūл򸣡
ѩǿ˵ϡ࣬ſڴԺ˯ˣٴʱѾǰ磬۾ڴߡ
ˣ
ôˣѩȻֱ۸һʹͳϵ˿ڣ۵á˻һжֱ۵ſȥ
ľžͺãʲôҹһǲ㣬˵游ϳʱ˹ְԺڼˡ
游ǹˣѩ󾪡
ͷ
ѩĿⰵ游ԭԵȵԲ˵ġ
˸ķ𣬵㲻ض룬游Ѿʮˣ˼ֻǻһֱԲһֱţһ游Ҳɣ˻õġԺ붫ǶĹϵ游̫λϾ̫ˣ˼Ҳȥ
ס֣ʵҶǴˣ֪Ǳԩġ
ѩЦЦ˵ûʱӮ˲Ӯˡ
֮£ϵȷվϷ磬ǱΣȴܹٿصģ˶ʮʧȥģȴʧȥĸࡣ
游λߣҲáѩ
һ£ѩݵ֮ǰõϢ˵̫󴫽̫ڴǰһ磬ϻˣҲ֪¶ûУ̫ˣǿôá
ѩЦЦΪ̫Ϊʲô¥ǰţ
ⲻûͨ뿪ʱҲûü游͸Բ㡣
̫أѩЦ˼ˣ֪¥ʸ˻£ֻ²ǳʹ¥ʣҷİɣ̫ķˣҲֳģ򣬲Ƕ¥ʵޣ̫Ȼˣ㲻¥ϵ¡
Ц£ƵÿԶβ׼Ǻ룿
¥ʲͬģͬ⣬˭û취
ɫݣźѾ߾ȥΪǴϷţֻʣѩʱŵڶǲ裿
ѩĶͷڶţͷѾ࣬Խӳĵɫɫ
ڶܵģѩҧҧ¥ݶĻ죬ûóѡ
󾪡
ѹǰ㻹δ飬Ϊר游˵飬游۾ܾúð˼ϣȴʼŸǼԴԼ֮޳ûдӦû뵽޲ĶȻҶǿãõúܣ
ѩһ˿׹⣺İɣûеóѣ޻ᡣ¥ˣ߻װƤǣºͣʵ񶾣ϧ첻Ӷ꣬ȴʼȱ㡣
޺ΪҲѹôţǳԶ¥Ϊ˵õֶ֧ôǣÿԽ¡ѩ
ü
¥ϵλĥԴ뵱ʵۣȲǵҲûкˣĶ̰壬ջ̻̲ԼڿԼˡѩ͡
⴫ү˵
¥ʴӹˡ
һ¥ʵ־ۣȻվһţͼ¥ʶ˶˵վڷſڣȻΪòص˵ͷĸ
ɫѿڷȣ˿ȥܲԾ
ƺһСľҪˡ
ȻǾۡ
𣡡æסҿɵĸʲôŮûУ
¥ޱվţȻһػش䳰ȷĸģжиѩΣġ
Цˣٺ¥ʶѴ࣬ѩк̧žͳߡ
·¥ʱ̧첲ײ˿ϣͻȻ뵽ûǸסˡ
һӻ뿪
¥̧֣ҩݸ¥߽ֹţ˿ڣҧҧû
ѩɫƣŸʲô
㻻ҩ¥Լࡣ
ѾߣҪ㣬ҩ£ȥõصȻſڴϣȴԾڣһҿҾ͸ҧļơ
¥ûɷڴҩ򿪣ƽƽѾ߾ͲҪָˣǶʲôǸ㻻ҩŪ㡣
ȷôҩ
ЩͿϵҩһа֣ÿһҪҩ˳ܳ򲻽ЧƼأȷҪ¥ƿѩϵı
ѩһֱϣӶ˵ˣҲҪ㣬ǲвҲҪ㣬ҲҪһҩ
˫ƯķﾡʲôɾĶöģ¥ֻļһʹʹЩ

 73 

ĳǵ, żͷ, ҴȥҩŰúҩˡ
ѩ
Сĵؿ¥, Сĵؿ۽ϰŵҩ, ҩ˵ѩǰ, 㽫ѩԷЩ, ҩιҩ
ҩ˲, ȴԾɿҪ, ѩſζŻ¸мڽҩ, ָæһˮȥĿζ, ŸоЩ
ѾźСĽŪ
ԼƺǶ, ¥Ƶ, תߡ
Ȼ, ߵſڵʱںҩѩȴŻһ, ƿŴزͣµþ, һСϡ
һ¥ʸæǰѩļⷬŵóϽ˿, սսվԱߡ
ôˣ¥ʡ
˸ɾӸѩ죺ܲҩ࣬ҩˣūѾҩǣǼӵٶ࣬ҲڲסҩĿζūҲûˡ
¥ʻԹػʱ򣬿ʮӲ
ѩƿ¥ʵ֣ϲĲ⸱е˭ģûˣ㷸ˡ
¥ʵֽڰա
ιһǵѩ
˼簵ҹ͵͵Ǳȥļϵ̫úòãһкĶŮˣʵڲõĴѩ߰ɣˡ
֪㡣¥ʷ֡
Σѩ䳰ʼվǱߵģ֪ݺңҲʼռԶҪ
ˡ
ҲգǱǿбһķޣҪʲôأҶκεҪΪ㣬ҲڸԼܣɣߡ
ͷסԼԴԸٿ¥ʰۡ
ѩ¥ǰδģȻ֪֣ԭ
СѾ߽ɨܿ켷ˣ¥վľ׮𲻵κεãѾš
¥ʳĬ˳ȥȥ
ү߽ɽԺݣ¥˸񣬡үū֪кηԸ
¥ʽҩ򿪣Щҩãϸ㣬Ҫôܸ
̬Ⱥܹү뽲
¥ʽҩ÷ϸϸ˵飬ȷȫǵһˣȥѩҩѩԷ¥ʻվ
ſڵַ̧¥ûᣬųصĲ߳ɽԺĿĵģȻ֪ߣ֪ߵ˷Ժ
ԶԶظ¥󣬿ڷԺµʯ
ū㿴ҿ㣬֪ôá
һҹ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺ֪ô죬һ¥ϣȰүҹˣϢɡ
һ˾һ߰ɡ¥ĮĮ˵
ڵĲ񷣬Ҳ֪ʲô
뿪ԶԶվţ
үڷԺʯһҹϣ轫˱ѩĿż̽˵һֳˣҲ֪ȥ
ѩ˱νȥȥ
죺ֻţүϻأҲ֪ԲԵ
ѩ˱Ķһ٣ⷳ꣬ʲôĻ˻ȥκ󷽲żһ仰жиΣˡ
뵽һ֪öۣǸӡ
˵ݶϣٶԽˣѩ˵ȴżүԺȻѩڹȨ׻үֻҪүһ仰ѩԺĹ֮Ȩ͵ó
ν޲Ҳۣ⸮︮⻹˻ôȥҲǳ֮ƣʱˣ˾ҵ϶ʹӡ
֪ʲôѩһ濴˱һ˵ֻҺ¥ʵⲻú̸һ̸ܽģҪʱúԼȹЩ˵ɡ
̾ͺá
ֹգѩˣãɽԺȲ迴飬Ѿ߽ʺݵ
ѩһæߡ
¥ѾվڴǰӭӻʺˣŰɫĳһöͷϴڣֱڴǰ
߻վػ䣬ػǶͻδɼҵ¥̡
Ų¥ת
ݾ¾׵ۿ΢д࣬ƺѾܾû˯һþղɢ¥ʾһֱסԺ⼸նδ̤ɽԺռȫȻղƺЩҲЩɥ
ѩ΢΢ս֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦˡ
ʺŮٵĲ´ӳ˿Ьڵϣ΢΢ֽѩЦһ񣺡ϻˣЩˣǷ̫Ŀͣרġ
ػ䰵޺޵ҧ˵̫ʺԳѩͷһݣɰ̫Ӧú޼
ͷѵʲô鲻ɣ
ػȻʶԼûȫ˽̫ˮȥլ֮УϢڱʵ
˿δּңķһƣǻʹļλ¥ʺѩްô
Ҷϧۺۻʺѩ֣Լ
檶л̫񰮣лʺ񰮣檵˲޴󰭣ЩӱȬ̫ʺﰲġѩŵ
ʺͻȻݵѩΪԾΪԼȻΪȴʺԳ̽ƣʺȻ˵Ƿ̫֮ѩȻˡ
һ̫Ϊ˾Ͷ̫ǰؼΪԻʼҶĶһǰʡΪˣ̫Ϊ¥ʣɷѿġ
ǸֶĿĺĸ
£ȻģʺתͷԸŮٽ̫ʹͳֶѩΪҪ̫˺ЩĲƷһ̵֬࣬ĹƷΪʹҲֻУҪãŮӵΪ˰̣ǾͲÿˡ
ǣ檶̫ͻʺĺ񰮡ѩ
ʺ֣ﻹҪµűͲˣúˣȬˣٽúл̫͡
ǣͻʺ
ʺŮٷţ˳ڣʺʲôƵģƿ̫ͣ˺úͬһ빬л
¥ʹ֣΢
ѩߣЦԭΪ̫ĵãЩӶľսģû뵽ֻ龪һ̫ﻹǹġ
ѩסŲ
ҶϧСĵؿɫݵػ䣬¥ֱۣСʣĵ÷Ĵ̫Ϊλã
¥֪ͱ죬ʡ
¥ȥػ䣺ĸǻȥɡ
ػ¥̲֣˫Ŀѩ֪¾Ȼǰ󣬺˻ﾹȻܵûʺ̫̽ԹգѹĴ֮¾Ҵ۽硣
ѩĿ⵭ĸ˵ǣҺôҲ̫Խ̵ģ뵱ϵӢϾΪˡ
һ˽Ծ
Լ˭Ҳû뵽侹Ȼֱ׵ؿҫԼŮӣ⻰˵˿ֻΪǵ治Ҫ˵⻰ѩĪؾ˾ú˵
ȷǲò˫ȫܼ
ػ䱻ѩĻµһ죺ССͣƤôǰ񣿡
ѩӳùȣƵظԼȷ磬̬ɢϸĸǱ𣿾ʵ˵ˣ
¥̿¥ûЦҶϧЦ
ÿѩػ䶷죬ҶϧüΪĶǣһѩһФԼҲͬѩһػǰͦˣֱȥ
ȻƺԶֻ룬ΪػһɨµҪ
¥վھѩ֮ԶĵطüѩμɣһĨ⣬Ѿûмѩˣ
Ѿܾúܾˡ
õѾˣԭӦٻʧɫģ
ػɫࣺѩ󵨣Ȼ涥죡


 74 

ѩ, ػԼ̫, ûдүӰ߳ûзӦѾǰˣûмȡ㹻Ľѵ, ΪͷҶϧһ, ǿԲġ
ЦЦ, һºͣĸ, ʵұԩ޳, αطҪأҲǵȿ, ҲǵȿģϱȫЩɼ, ƽ͵غȺȲ, 죬Т, Ǹã
ػЦ𣿡
ĸ˵, ϸ, һβҵģֻҪĸǸĸѩһöϱ, ѩųػ丣˸Щ, Ͳĸﴵˣиˡ
԰գţɽԺߡ
ü, ѩҪػദ˼
Ҷϧյĸǰ䣬ã㿴ĵãʼնδһۣǲǻ
¥ʿȥҶϧ˵ûѩʼնûп¥һۣ¥ʵĿȴʼѩϡ
綼δƿ
Զ˵¥ʰĽ̫ΪΣȴ¥ʰѩ
ɩ¹ǵ飬໨˼ڶϣ㿴˷纮ôãȴδã๫˵𣬶ġ
Ϊӡ֤˵ĻƵģ¥
Ҷϧ
û롣
¥Ӷѩӣüš̤絽ѩǰ°ͣԼ۾Ϲ𣿿Ĵڣ
Ȼ뷨ֻԺƬ̣ͱ
ҡ
ȫѩǱëĳƢȻɫָЦҾϹˣԸϹҲ뿴㡣
¥Ƶػص鷿
ãѩɹɹ̫·ɽˮ鿵ʱ򣬼ˮεû죬Ͳɵͣס˽Ų
վˮԱվ˻Ѿϣѩһι㣬һĥ顣
Сߵū澿עţֺүһֱƣһܷĽƵģ˵ʲô
׼ʲôʱһɡѩ˵
ļһ뷨ɣ
ֻ˵˵ѣ㻹ˣ˳һۣתƻǰɣεö࿪ġ
ѩͷˮ㣬ˮεúܣ༷ȥʳǳ˸ˮϵģгˮϡ
һȥǱˮһȴ͵Ծˮ棬һں˴ʳȻֳˮ֮£ȴ´ʳĸõʱ
ѩ΢΢Цˡ
֪ΪΣȻЦеˡ
㣺Цʲô
ֻͻȻȤ˵һ˱ԼΣѩϵЦݸʢ˫۾ȴڵ
Ȼʹ
԰һߣҵʹΪУѩ߷һõĵã̫Բˣ
ȴҲҶʡ
ѩ¥һסԺһסԺ˴˽ʮգѩϵѺ˴룬ŵʱѾо̫ʹˡ
Сӽת¥ʣүŶȥ¥Ⱦơ
Ǭ
ϴڻϸɢȥҲֻүϼǼ˵ӣͣôãȻָӣ¥ʽӣһ
¥Ծ¥ʱƹ쵽ָİſڣƹΪƿţǬſһ׷ӭ
ļλ˼˸ò¾׵ĹӣĿһȻǹˮüԴɷ裬ֻԶ۲ҽӡ
Сĵһǹӣһۡ
֪ҪλأǬ¥ʹֵָָ֣λá
Ϻɼ¥ɫ˶һۣɣ¥֮ǰǻǰЩ̫ˮԼ¥ʰĽ̫ķ£ʱէһ¥ʱˣȴƨҷһˣλһֱǵԴ
¥һλһͿʼͷȾơ
ϵүŵ㣬滨һֹ̳󾢶ִɱˣ˸̧ȥ
¥û
һͨ˵Ƕ󺣣˻ûһɵûү鲻˭Ǽӣүܺȣֵ룡
¥ʻûֻϵԼơ
Ǭߵһ򽿽¥µͷƣòζǰһҲǰһش󣬼Уֱ¥ʣһؿ
ʱ¥ʺƾƣŽվ̬ȵߵ¥ʵǰƺ¥ʵƣүһ˺ƾʲô˼ūΣ
¥̧Ƴһۡ
һ۷뵶ˣη壬򽿽ļһ
ûһҲаǧǬ¥ĳͣȴû뵽Щ˵ӾȻѣһǸһļƷ
ܸ㲻ˡ
򽿽ǣЦ¥ʵүϲūҸ𣿡
¥üĿ֪˭𣿡
򽿽ͷһμ¥ʣô֪˭ʱ¥ΪǸǵĶʸݲñŮ˿˰֡
ȴ¥˵֬ǳü纬߰÷̧ɽѩЦõ壬һЦǡ
򽿽ˡ
仹Ůӣ
Ŷеģ˼ѵüؼѩ
ɽӹ֬׷Ь䣬ҶŲ֪Ĩ˶֬۵ǰգǻòͷ𣿹
һ򽿽ŵļһ̲סЩˤ
ɫһһף֪ǱĻǱߵģ˲ӯۿ¥ʣ۽Ƕ¥ʲϧĿߡ
Ǭˣæǰ򽿽үѩǵ˭˭ǰղãҪѩķǰգǸԼ𣿡
ѩķ
ѩǰλǣ
˵ɱ˲գۣνͷأ򽿽ºȻ׵ū۲ʶ̩ɽˡ
¥۾δ̧ѹȾƵġ
ߣȾƣǬ򽿽Լλ£ָ򽿽һƣȾƣѹѹ
򽿽ȷʵˣû뵽ǰ˻Ϊ˵Ǹòª֮ˣδ뵽ԾȻǰ㲻ţòªֻ¾ûӢˡ
ձ¥ôһѹͱеͳ
ɣϱܲ㣿
ôܣ뵽Ӿ;ƣ֪Һר̸Ȣ˸ϹµģҪȥʲôˡ
һһɿ˿ڣ˻ϻӣϽž͵ҲǣҽϳŻ͵͵ߵģǱϱסˣŶ
ǬЦô㻹һŮˣ
㶮ʲôƳһۣϱǴһӵģϱ֪֪ˣʱ˽廨ҳƨ
ɺٺٵЦû뵽ôϱ
Ϸۣϱ
Ǭٱҿɲôˣ˭£˵ǾǴϱǵϱϱϱǾͲ֪취վߣż
֮Աǣ˵ס
˵׵ģ㱿֪ӣŮҪģҪ嶮ֻҪ¹ٴҲǬգգۡ
ͷȾƵ¥ʶȻס۾

 75 

Ϻ뿴Ǭ, һ׼ȡ, ϣô壿
ȻͶˣǬɺһһۣŮ˶ʣǱ, ;, ʲôθСʳ, , Ů˺嵽λ, ˵ʲôʲô
ɣã
ϣ棿
ǬǶ˵ĻɱʾǳزԾ֪ˡ
¥𵱳ѩҵʱ͸ѩׯͱԺʱ, ѩⷢ۾Ȼ, Ǭ˵е
, ҪȫԼϱҪѧͶ, Ҫѧ˵, Ů˶Ƕ, ˵۵ĻǵȻƫˡ
ȾƵ¥ٴ˶䡣
˵Щʲôʡ
Ǭһ㶮, תԱ򽿽°ͣˮ, ҳţ뼸ֵܺȾʱŮˣҺȻر, ң
ϣ
ҿϷ³֧ر㣬ص͸㣬պҪš
Ĺ𻨸ҳԹóԵģЩҺóȥҫҫǰӿ˭ҵķ˲磬Ǽҡ
㴩п˸ҶһŴ
ɣ
۲Ҫ޳ܵޣǬŵڶ˸ȥǵһ
¥ʾǬ˵ĶƨΪѩаʮָմˮȲ𻨸⡢ʸ⡢Ӹκθ㣬ҲԸ֮ڵ
ѩͷϣָԴа
滨ľʵڣ¥ʸԼƣԼϻнˣ߶ʮһضƱͷԼĶࡣ
ǷǬ˼ڽƽ̧̧üëүôˣǰٶķ£Ҳ㲻ܲ˵غȾư
ɰڰ֣Ķ֪
ǬЦʲôΪ£
֪ˣ֮ԱǣûΪĸŮ˳˵ϲ̫ţǲǧĵѩϲϲ̫˵ϱʲôõġ
˵ʱѹ¥ý¥һ˼ֻŽƽûϸ˵ʲô
Ǭָڴһꡱơ
ɽԺԷ໨ɻƿջµ֦ѩ򻨿ޣѩź̫ʦϣü޼ʣĻδõĻ֦
еصýʱġ
ѩüһضĻ֦үӴԺˡ
ٵķ΢΢ϵĻȣѩĽëȴδתͷǼͷ޼Ļ̵֦Ҷӳ۵ףȻĻžá
ҲʣԹԵؽ͵ӴԺﶼ̫ˣǴ̽ϢҲôֻ˵Ϊ̫ү첻ҵռˣҪүڹӼúö飬ǶүǮүˡ
ѩ⡣
ػ¥дģ¥үţη壬үȻˣι¥̣׻ػһ˵㡣
ЩɩûԽػȥ¥̵ġ
ѩõĻ֦嵽ƿ¥Ѿʮ˰ɣ
ͷǵġ
ʮꡭѩЦѾ˵׵ˡ
˼û̫ô߶ҲбҵĶٷݷ̫̫б뷨ɣүȻǻףȴûһְٰ
⣬ֲ޽¶ҪɩɩɫҪϵɫŮģмԸ⽫ŮͽԼҲ֪¥̵Ķ̰壬Բż¥̾飬¥Ҳô׿Ƶġ
˶ţʲôҡ
Ӧǡ׼Ҫ˳ȥԺ´ˣ蹪ѩǰԴúܵͣһѩӣѩŶ˵ү¥ˣȥүظ
¥ѩȷʡ
һȻѩһ䷴ʣսսǣǵġ
Աѵ¥꾩Ļ¥˵Ŷӵ¥ĳͣϲ¥ͷˣŮƺʲô򽿽ġ
µκ
ȵ죬һ·߹ȵû죬￴˭˳۵ͼ˸ǵսľѩǨŭ
ѩȫǺԸ㣬ɾӲٶһһ·Ȼڿˡ
ܳĸѩźĳæԼӲСѾ߶˲æ˿ڲ裬͸ѩл
費ؿѩ֪¥¥ԾǸӣȥԺҰܹܣðܹȥүˡ
ɫ
ʲô𣿡ѩ˲ʡ
˲Ϳ͵˼ˣβ֪ǰܹԸˣܲܲãѩ̬Ȼƣʵʵ˵ǰܹܲȥүʵүԸ¥Ըߣһֱ߶֣˵Ҫ
㣺
ѾߴԼټ¥ôҪģڽ̩Թ̫һ˵˭˼ƤҪȥ
֮Աǡ
ɫˣ¥ʲôط¥ȥ¥ˣҲүֱ񻰡
ֻ谵żѩͬ⡣
ҵ˼Ѿԣѩ¥ҪǲɵģѩԼ޽ˣĹⱲѩֻӡ
úһӣòҲһӡ
һӣȻӦѡúãǹòã˵ĻүүԸ⻤㣬Ҫ÷Ҫ꣬үǲԸ⻤㣬Ϊȼ͵ѾСҲԲһš
赽ǹˣʤ˵Ķ޵ģһһ㣬ĵԽʣþԽ٣˵ĸɾˣŮ˱ûϷˡ
үĻεʱӦץסүΣúãүĴӱ˵ק
ڴѩͼѩͷȥܹܸҰһ׼һ£ȥ¥ү
˿
׻ǴˣֻֻѾˡ
еʱԽǣԽ顣
׼˺ϣѩꤳ¥ʻȥԼǰܹкʻø⻺ȵ
ȵ¥ͣ£Էѩ
¥ſӭ̧ͣͷƵĹʱԲ۾ӶƲˡ
¥ǰıͺ͹ﶼɵضס˽Ų볯ѩȥ۷׷ףڲ²ļҵĹ
ǻȺ֪¥ģ¥ĹƾòȱժͷƣĻ򽿽ʲô顣
ѩѾ߷ǵߣæЦӭȥλǻ¥к£
ѩü赭ǬŶӵ˿
ԭ˵ģڵģڵģ롣ǰͷΪ·ĥλɵ·ɣѲŶӵķˣû˵ŶӵķøƵİ˵ñɻɡ

Ҳͷأ
һٿѩĿǾ޵Ʋ۾ǰλĪǾܽɫѩԽԽٿͼȷԼĲ²⡣
ĥţ׽˵ģ
һ·ѩ쵽ֺŵİͷŶӾˡ˵գ̧ȥţýȥʱƿš
볯ſ
Ǭ§ںȾƣѩˣԷ׷ֳѩЩվڼһųѩһ̧߰
񣬡Ǭ͵͵ɫѵѩ˾ƣһˣʵȰ¡
ѩ
谵ѹ֣绪ȣҲֻѩ
ѩ̧ߣҽģλԱɡ
ϼĻ˼Ա㣬ѵüѩˣȻǱ˵ӣʤɰλڣ˭ƿ۾
ȻǿһǺõġ
ѩֱߵ¥ǰҲ֪׺˶پƣʱ˶ԲѵſڵСϣһ糺ѪȻǾˡ
ѩ˳ۣЩϲáЩµĳˣѩ˿̿òʡµ¥ʣ;ȷǸˡ
ȥЩѣҪ˷ţͲѩֱۣض¥ʵǰѩ¥ʵĲ
ȵˣݶûð·ȫûиоѩĿ
Ǭˢˢǣѩûжģ˿̿¥òʡµӣи˻˳ǣϷŵĲˮ£пɣ¥ʵֱֱȥ                        
лҪ˵óִˡ

 76 

Ǭ˵һ, , ֻλòɵѩյñѩˣ¥ǻƢء
¥ʱˮ˸ţ͵һ̧ͷ
Դ, ˶еԺ, Ժ￴ѩӨ׵, ΢ĹâºƷŹ, ΢΢𴽽, ڳЦ
, Ǻ貣Ц
, ˿, λ˭˭ڶݵ󣬾ȻõǳԵĺƵ, ѩ¶һЦ
˵ѩ, ˣ
ѩû˼, ԣ̧žͳߡ
¥ʼɫ, ̻ˣæ׷ȥס, ѩǿסѲãͷſ
¥÷ſ˺òԸԼ, òվԼǰ¥˵ʲôҲҪպûᣬҲš
ǬٴĿɿڴ
ˣ¥ʣ
ѩüĿ¥ʵĿ΢΢ð㣬ˣҪôߣҪôͼˣҲõû˸ʬ
͵һ˦䣬ȴ׻û˦¥ʵ֣õ㻹
Ҹȥ¥ʵ˵
ѩ˱죬ǰߣǣ˾Ϳѩǣһβ͹ƵĽ¥ǣ¥
¥ڳ˴ĺƵģһһѩһһѩκѩʼûһɫ¥ʾܡ
ȥѩ䣬ѩԶЩ
¥ʺ˲Ͱ͵ѩһɾӿ˸ãŨҵľѬѩüĴ塣
һŽ¥ʴӳȥ
Ȼ˾Ƶ¥ʺԴе㲻ʹƤҲˣȻ֪ѩȴûûƤȥ
ѩϥǰͷüۡ
ѩ˲ˮ·ʪģһ·ѩûзԸҲûǰ·ʱʹʪ·ѩǰ˫һۺҲʪģˮʡ
˫˵һۣ˵ʱǴżֹǣʱѩ΢΢üӭ˫۾ĳȴް
㻹¥ʵָĥϥǹǡ
촩õ͸ϣѩܸо¥ָȣҲ𣿡
˫Ҳ¥ʾļʹԴѩϥϣƨһ󱳾˳ƿڳϣԴģˡ
ѩЦһʹĲ㣬˵ס
ֽ¥ʴƿȻ۽ȴƳϵ·ѾմȾѪӦ˿ѿˣѪ˳Ⱦ·
ⶼȥˣ˿ڻûã
뵽ľҲ׼ߵĺݾѩζӣϾ͵һʹһѽ¥ʸƿȥ
Ҷ¥Ǻ˾ƵģͷƵģʹϾѩһƣ͵ˣ˺˾Ƶȫ˸ӣĿɵؿѩۣȻɵƵģȻֿ쳯ѩ¶һõЦ
ѩˣֵˣΪ㲻ˣ
ѩ
¥Ƶڳ̱һȻѩȵв䵽ѩǰ˫ֱסСȣԴѩϥϡ
˭˵Ҳʹģʶָֻһ㣬Ȼؼǰδ˵ĻԴץסѩֽ֣ذĿϣѩʹģĺʹ
ҲѣʲôԼҲǲ֪ѩ͡žһƴϣʹֲʹġ
һƵأ¥㶣Ȼס֣ԼȥǴ㾡ܴˣôô򣬿ѩ㲻ܷϣʹģ㡣
Ƥǧأϣظ˺ü飺㣬ѩ㡣
ѩһϣһ㡣
ʹǸŮ˽ΪԱƵ˿ڣѩѩǱӵǸ¥Ϊ˱סİŮ˶ܲ˵ӡ
ѩЦ
۾¥˼άһطڲϵ٣ѩǸ򽿽¥Ǹͷƣո빴ңҺݺݵѵһ٣ߣʲôɰȲ㣬ҲվԼǸʲôӹ֬׷ۣȻ빴ңѾõģ
ѩ
ȷ¥ĺˣϡ棬˾ϲһʹ˵
ƽʱ࣬˾ͳ˻졣
ѩ˲簡Ǹĺѣ˵㻵빴ңţôӣ۸Ҳֻܱ۸ʱֵ۸ˣԣΪ˸Ҿֱӽˡ˭֪Ů̫ˣȻ㣡
ѩͣٶҲ㡣
ҹ۾¥ʷƵͻȻѩûУϱأѩû˭趼ң˭Ҿж֣
ѩǺǣܵġ
ѩˣֻ¶ЦˣãҾ֪㻹ǹҵģͷҾͰǷˣʲô
ѩ
ʵ¥˵Щս̩ϣƵѾ޼ƿʩŲ·˺ؽ¥ˮ⣬ѡҲ
վһӵĽǶȣҪһ¥ɷԵΪ¥ҲվԼߣʲôʲô¥ӦùܵģΪ޲һ塣
ӡ
ѩʣԭ
ȴʲô鶼ûзǺǣôܡ
ѩ֪Ҿ͡ſϵ¥ʹ˼䣬Ȼ̶ֺ̼󣬾ȫţ˯ȥˡ
ꤻصѩðܹܽ¥ʴ̧ȥ¥Ҳ֪ô£˯ˣҲʹѩȲ֡
һʮΡ
˾Ϳѩ˶˵ؿϣ¥ȱߣѩϥϣ˫ֱסѩȲ֡
˳¥ʵ֣ûūŶͷϵ¼亹
ѩ˳üȥ¥ʵ¥ʣˡ
¥ΣǴƬƬѩǸѩ㽿ŮӾɽԺ£룬뿴
ѩѩûϥǺ˫ţɪɪȴаۣڵѩѩ˪
Ҫԭ㣬ðǾ͸ҿʮŸͷῼһ
ʵ̫õԭˣȻǰ˵ˣҲδͿʼͷĵöͷ˴ĵöͷѪ죬ʮŸͷڿˡ
ƣоԼҪˣɤʣԭ𣿡
ѩվ
ŴĶǶɫͰѩγĶԱȣѩ÷ȴ÷Ҫޣߵǰ
΢΢¶ЦһһĴͱľ
¥ʣԶҲᣬԶҲᣬԭ㡣˵
¥ʴج۾ѩĴӭѩߣʵج޷ӣƬ̵ĻȻ̶б
ãˣذɡѩ
¥˦˦Դƾûδɢȥһʱûз嵽ʵξ˵
үūǷȥš˵
¥Ժǡڴʱѩ֣ŻֻɿѩȣԼ
æȥѩ
Щˣѩ̫šüڳĲһһ̤ȻصɽԺѾǸæźϴЪ¡
¥һˣѩʵˣɵûһ˯˹ȥ
Ժڸ¥°˿ڣ¥˰Լ˵أЩ춾жסŲط¥ʺѩֳʲô顣
Ѿ¥ʵľѾ˴룬ʱɫʱ׼Ĺ
Ǹû߳Ժһֱѩ˵Ļ˵ԶԭԶжԶ
¥ʲ֪
죬Ƿ͵Զ

 77 

⽣˱úõò, ƫԼϧԼ, ֪δãܵ¥ȵǵ治Լ嵱, ϧѽ, ĥԼ, ۵, ȴһҲۡа̾
öǷð, ⶾĺĺ, ү۾רء
ö˵ͦе, үĥԼʲôأǼǺ͸үġ
ûүͱһǶġ
¥ʴƤˣ
и, ²˿ڣش˸, Ҳð, һҲԭ㰡
һֱ¥ʵì, վ˵ĽǶȣ¥˼ֱѾ쵰û, ѩ飬ȴҲҪѩ, 룬˸ɵó飬ԶдΪ¥ʼһ, һ㶼ԩ
վԹߵĽǶȣȴΪ¥ʶѩ˼ֻɲˡ
ԸѩߣƫִΪΣ
Ϊ᲻á
ֻǵµ˵ʱ˵öˣб뷨ҲǵذµˣοҲΪԼľһȷġ
ҡҡͷϣܿԼġ
Ѳ⣬ԣֻϣķ粨ܾʹͣסҪˣϾ¥ʻժ¥Ϊûжȥժ¥ˡ
ѩجˣڶİ¥һ˹ץסͷԴʹҡ
ҵͷתͷƤ˺ѷεʹڼӲĵذϣʹľоԼԴҪѿˣĵʹֱ衣
谵òİѩľǵء
¥ħƵӣߣһѪڵħѪڲϵسĲӿٿ
ҪˣȻǱǽڣ̹ǵ⴫θ޿ˣֻؿ¥Ŵ죬һҧԼĲϡ
ҹУڴϵѩթʬӴ
͵ƻڼžȼգƵĹ߽ɫӳĵԽҰףĳ߽æʣôˣ
ѩҡҡͷ£جζѡ
գüͷȴ¼ѩϣ⼸ҹجΣʵĲ棬ūȥȰʦΣ
ѩЦã֮ηǹ񡣡
㲻ǿҹ磬ѩȴѾ˯⣬´ЬæЬãʵҪȥ
ѩš ȥߡ
ҹǴɣ˶ѩϣ˵·򿪷ţѩɽԺĻ
ҹ˾죬µĵҹҡΣ·飬ʱȴЩļ£ǰҹĹ̫˲õ롣
ѩͷʹߵԭ
ߵҹ紵ϣԴЩҹ΢ķ𽥽ǸجŻߣ֪ߵ鷿档
Ա߾¥ʵ鷿
ѩĽŲԽ¥ƺûпҪʲôԴӼδֹȥ鷿Ҳȥ硣
Ϊβأ
ѩЦ
һ㣬Ͳ֮ᷢˣڻǹϵķޣȻͬģٻб
¥ˣ̫ìˣ¥ʸìܡ
ѩתƿ鷿š
鷿ĳһǰѩǣǷ˫ɡȻ̯鷿ϣͼǰһģһλã˿ûб䶯
¥ôģ
ôҪĶȻúȻö֮ذǱ͵ߣǾ̫д֤
ҹ쬵ģŵʱ˶ഩһ·ʱȼϵѩԸȥɡ
ҹ¶صģū澻ˡ㲻ߡ
ѩȥɣһ˴
㲻ֻŵ뿪ź󻹲鷿ţѩ⣬ϸǷ𣬵ȴ޿޵ģ޽ôãҲδ¥ʶʣС
¥ϣԺ˵ҪѩÿЦʲôǶ¥ʻ
ѩ룬鷿˻ֻ¥ʾǶŻ͸ķҲᴳϾĸα
²һðѩи󵨵뷨
һѻ鷿
ѩûô裬鷿ﻹô飬ʵڿϧ²֣ʵ뿴¥ڵ֪ᱻյʱ򣬸Ǻεʹı顣
ʵ뿴ԣҪ̶ֳȡ
ǲǱԼҪҪ
鷿źȻ˴ƿѩڻƵĻ́ͷſȥЩЦʲôʲôҹģ¥ʲ˯ʲô
ֻһ£·ϣҹһԵݣƺҲΪ⣬վſƵģһ
ôڷϢ¥죬ʵ
ѩʮǷ˫ɡƺϸ꣬΢ҹ罫𴵵Ʈ¥ʷ鷿Źϡ
ѩûлӦĻ¥Ҳ⣬ЩԼһֱ⸱̬ȣǰ̬ȡ
˵仰˾ֱӵû
¥ߵԱߣĿҲǷϣϴΪɢأ¥кȻеڣѩʲô
ʲôеɻ󲻽Ȼؾͳ˿ڣ¥ѩѩ׵ʡ
ѩԱߵ̫ʦ
һִһǶȥҪϸˣĵƻӳյúȻͷЦЦ
ˣЦʱ򼴱û¶ҲǼģ¥ѲǵöûмЦʱĿϣֺ᲻Ų
ѩЦЦ룬Ұ鷿ˣ᲻Ϊðűճɻҵķմ
¥һ
ļȻеʹҲ˵ΪʲôѩȻģѹ˷ѹ򡣡
԰գֽǷѩߣֽŵϣŵ֮ϵȼȼĻѩӨ׵
Ŀ𾪡
˫ɡȼ¥ʶԱߵͰԽȼԽ󣬼̶תС鷿»谵
ȥѵĳƿţ¥棬΢΢һ̶ֳĬؽŹϣԼ鷿ſڣѩ
ϧô䱦Ķôˣʹ𣿡ѩлعԾɺ䡣
ϧˣû¥ʹӡ
¥ߵǰӸµ˻̹Щˣ
ѩͷ
ͷԽ𾪣¥ʲô˼ôĻһѻˣΪ̹Щ֪ĻΪԼжأ
ֻ
Ϊʲôشң¥۾̹Щˣ
֮˱ˣ˻У㿴ʱ꣬ٻһ˫ɡΣٻһͳˡѩЦ
Ц⳰Ūִӹ͸Ĳм
Ǳĸоһֱθ¥ֽű

 78 

¥ɫҰףһ, ѵҪҹľʮŸͷҹͷҲûԭҰ
ѩһ֡ǲв
Һʱҿͷˣһߵ, һСŮӿɳܲ١ѩ䵭, ұջˣ
¥ʣ
Ǹεļʵֲ̫Ҳ̫, ѩûи, ׶Ĵ̹ǰʹ, ̲ס˵˳
, ѩŮ, ׷½䱸
ѩ¥Կë೶, , Ȼû߼, Ȼ¥ʴס, ˫ۻ, §
˯š¥ʵĲ῿ѩķϣй˵ί
ѩȥ, ûƶ뾪ĳ, ûйЦ˯Źʲô£ҷſ
ǰǱ˯ġŮ¥ʳ᲻÷֡
Ҳ˵ǰԺûʸˡ
Ϊʲôûʸӡ¥ʵԴ, ѩѩ׵ĺ󾱽ǰһЩҪͷȥȴӲңͷֻС̽Ǽⴥѩ׵ļ
ѩش˸û
¥ʺȻͽסˡ
ܸоѩĵ񣬻ԣöģ¥ر˱۾ҪΣҪΣ
ǲֻˣŻԭңʡ
ѩҡͷǡ
¥ʰĿٿȻЩ׷ʵҪһõ
ѩЦˣĹӰ£ЦֱĲ̺Ͷ񶾣¥ʣÿ˶ĵģȥϣóĳ⡣
¥ס
ѩƿ¥ʣ̧뿪鷿
س˿ŵѩߣСүôͻȻˣūһ
ѩѹõ͵͵ģǸӣֲǲ֪
ѩ˵еѩ߶꣬Ҳ㳤˲ټʶȴδôˣķ裬ױȡ
ѩطշת࣬ٳ˯ţװ΢¶֮ʱȴ˯⣬һ۾һ磬ֱ
ʱڴϣֱԷ
ź𴲣ȵμѩʱϾ¶Цݣסѩ֣Щ죬ɫȷʵЩˡ
еҩʮּЧϵ˺õúܿ죬ҹţȵ˾µ׾ܳ׺ˣѩҲãʲôϲ²ɣ
ȻƲϺ棬һǲġ
к飬ר˵ģҲܳЩѩ֣̫ҽԺλ̫ҽոϻˡ
ⲢʲôϢѩԤ⵽ģһӣ֪㲻⣬ЦҪ˵ҲĻ¡
ȥ˻ˣѩʡ
ˣ뵽ʲôסġ
ѩЦЦƶʣʮĽãȴڱңô˼޸ĶӣŮӱ˻飬֣֮Ⱳˡ
ҲãĸŮǺöֻſЦϣúãòã̹أ
ңε飬α֤ǸСǯӵվ֤ҲԸЫĳŮӣܿϣ뵽ԼȻĸŮô꣬;ԼֱϹۣҿŰɣֻأǳбӦġ
ѩȲ裺Ȳڡ
˲裬ѩ̧˶ȥֻʣĸŮʱѩȥ˵̫ӵ֪ԼĶ֮λ᧿Σ
Ŀתתѹ⻹˵̫Ȼ֪
ûҵ˼ҵ˼ǣ̫ӵ֪ǻ϶˼ѩס֣ǻϺض˼
һ㶡
游ЩܻʶڳжȻֿ֮ˣĵҪʲôֻҪ̫ӵĶߴ磬̫ӴֵǱ߷֣߷ֵǱƶԡѩ
ͷȥһὫԭתģֻ̫ǵȵסˣ⻰ĶֻҲѼЧ
ѩЦﾡܴˡ
صصͷ
һ£ѩ˶ٻ˵ȳԼʹȥõ˺Ҳ飬ôġ
ʲôһʣ˲䷴ӦŵѩŮ롭
δ˵꣬Ŀ𾪡
ѩ̾˿Ҫ취뿪ģõв飬ñ˷֣¶һ˿һĶߣ¥졣
ص֪ˡ
ңԴմӻʹһֱԼڷ糤ڵ˻飬ǰԺͷ䵽ţеֱ࣬ûһĺá
үڳҲǸƷǳͷԹһͨͷֻ̧޲Ҹطȥ
Ը˻飬˺ƺˣ»ûҷ䲻˵үˮһ̵ĺŮ
Ů಻ҳˣԼڷŴ̨ϵɽ軨
ɽ軨ѾлˣźѾ߹ԺֻŸʵģū澰⻨ƿĻµģɺã
ཫƿҡͷܾá
⻨ˡѾЦеࡣ
ĿնڿֺûУ֪⻨ҪлˣΪҪлˣŲܻΪҡ
˵ʲôأï񽿻һҪɵĻôܸأѾ˵˵Цˡ
Цû˵Ц˵ʵ
ȻʵſڴѾһæ
»Ѿһۣõȥ
Ѿսսæ˳ȥ»ߵǰƿ͵ˤڵϣƿһķѣŵ˸¡
ƽʱν̵ģ㶼ɾǲǣ˽̩һѩ۾ʲôˣڵãֵȫ꾩Ƕ֪㼵˼ѩò˫ȫ뾡˷Ҫѩƶ˵䣬»ɸ֣ôôûã
ứ
˰һСͺѩʶѩͱϻۣѧʲô죬һ²ѧѩܸ㶨ˣñá
е˶ϲǱȽϣԶǸġ
黭Ҳõó֣ͱҵСһȣҲĹʣƫǸҵСʮоŴζѩ
ѩǸ⡣
ѩǰѩĹҫȻʧɫȫϲ̨棬Ŭ黭ͳ˲Ц
ܲޣ
ʱ룬ΪʲôҪѩŮˣȻѩŮˣΪʲôҪϣ褺
ûܶĺޣûˡ
»޵Լѹݺݵš˰ĸ첲סʲôãĻûˣûˣʲôûˣǿʲôãҺѵⲽ𣿡
ứֹס
»ĨᣬأԿ˻ԼŮұģһһõķӣ˳˳ع
ٲãͽ͵ȥݸһ˼ңȻ꾩Զûʶ㣬ǹģ°뱲ӹá
Ҳ֪û»ĻֹסˣݺݵĨĨᡣ
»סŮҪǿЩѩ޸¥Ǹģӹ𣿡
룬˶ʮӣĸϣҲãûİè
ȥѩĻǺǵЦЦ
Ц̫ˣ»úס                        
лҪ˵λСɰ֣лһֱ׷ĵСɰǣ

 79 

ຬЦ˻, ƿ»֣, һ˾һ
˻ǺѼӵĽ», §ڻﱧ˱, ֪ѹ, ûµ, Ů, һ·ġ
ʹ»ƿȥ, Լ
»Լߣֻһ侲侲, ĨĨ, ˵ʲôǱ˻ȥ, ˳ȥ
Ѿ߽, ۾, ׼ȥˮ
Ҳȥɣ˵, ŹϣҪҡ
̬ȸȻ, Ѿ߲ҷΨΨŵŵӦǡŵسţϸؽŹ, Լſڡ
һڴߣżήɽ軨ѩѩ͵͵ȥ·˽ţѩһ·ߡ
ҲǽĴС㣬Ϊ˽ȻȥӲ˺üʱʱſѩıϣ˵ѩҪһӵĺýá
ãѩӦʮˬ죬Ǿ͵һӵĺýã˭Ҳ˭
ʲôʱʼģ
Ѿǲˣʾҩһһθ˴ﵽ⿪ʼã޿ȡ
һ޿ȵˣӵ˳˳ĺ
ġ
롣
ţɽԺ˻˯һŻ
ѩѾ߷ţš
˭֪ԺĹ¾ȻһպЩ賯ѩˣµūһҹոѾȥˣˡ
ѩӰһΣЩûվȡ
ˣüšһŵӡ
ص˵ͷѾڰɥˣ˵˱ʬ׿޵ȥģüЩ޶޵ûʱŻѪѾˡ
ѩȻò
ס֣ǵػһѩ
ӭǵѩ˵û£ֻûѡûȴûȥ
пѾ͸ˣ˻飬꾩ݲˣһŮӣ벻ҲΪ棬Ҳԣֽѡ
ѩ鸴ӡ
ൽģȻ˴˺ţСʱദĵΣҲġ
ȴ֣ء
ѩ⼸ãȵգѩصó׼ֽǮԺѡ˸ֽ
ǲ⣬ǿҹֱ͸ˣҲƣȻŶʱǵ꣬ţȴҲ뵱ʱġ
ѩֽǮѾ߷Żȥ
ߵɽԺĽŴԺѾ߹λҪ˵ϡ
һӣ˵ѩĪĹϵ»ʱѩǲò衣
㳯ѩȥֻ߲ư
صصͷūҲλ˲Ǻģɣ
Ѿˣ»ϥ»жӣΪԼŮԼĶӺӵˣŸ
ңһ书Ůˣܸʲô
ɡѩ
ͬʱ¥ҲõϢս̩֮¥ʾصطԸйעฮҵĶ»ͻȻѩȻ¥ʵ۾
¥ʡ
ɽԺˡعֻش
¥ʵ˶ţ»κ˺ľֹκιǣֱɱ
һ»ǵƷ󳼵ķˣ¥ȴΪ˵ɱɱɼ¥еķسӦ£˳ȥ
»ֻź裬ûдɽԺѩɽԺݼһ»ѩԼȳһ
ʱδѾʮ꣬ͷϰ׷ۣǰķ鲻٣˿Ÿݣߵⶼ˽ȥ
ǰǸ̸Ц仹˵Ĺ˺Ѿˣȡ֮Ȥǡ
ѩһ̡ߣȴǱ˹ؾصһ䣺ˣ֪ʱǰʲô飿
»ݱѩ࣬Ÿѩ񣬵ðţ֣ȷʵС
ѩѾ߶˽軹˵ɡ
»лֻǰ˵±Ҫ뿪ͲˣҲ֪ŮӣѡʱһҪתĿ
»ӻһһֻɫСѼ
ѩ͸ġ
Ȼ֪»ʲô˼ѩóǰ㽫ѩֱߵСϣȻСĵش򿪡
ּ֣дţԲ
ѩһʱζӡ
Բ𣬳֣ȥƮƮģȴ쳣أʱӹԺѩۿ̧ᡣ
֪͸ģҲдģҽ뽫ǸתߵðģԭĴ»ףѩͷ
ѩȥ»ѩѩǰͷֽ»ûѩ»
ѩ˼ѾˣˣһУĶԹԹֺټƽϣһȥ˷İɡ
лԸԭ²࣬ﻹҪæұˡ»
ѩѾ»š
»Զˣп˺ǰֱˣһûĴ⾢ˡ
һӶǿӣǱ޲ұȣһΣǴˣȻ֪Լǰ֣ԼŮﻹܵѩдšԲֵϧˡ
ū澵ÿϧĳ̫ҡͷ
ѩ꣬ϣԸɣȥʱ򣬰ϣո
Ժس¥ʹֵѾˣ
¥ʵͷҪȥԸţȫ
˳ȥ¥ʶ˶Լ֣˿ʹѩ˵ĻĿںһࡣ
ӹ÷ɿ죬ת۾͵˾Ѯ˵ϵ˶òˡ
ЪȥԺ¥ʣЩӣ¥һֱסԺ˼Ĵָ谵żȴҲΪ
Ѿ˸ѩ軹һģǲ룬˭Ҳκβŵ¥ʣ񣬲ֱ¥ʹѾʮֿġ
еꡣ
ѩ¥ʷ䵱Ǹº͵Ľɫȥ룬̸ɽԺѩƵģɽԺ
¥ʽҲ񣬶ƵľϣƨɶûŲ磬Ȳ裬˿ѸѸˮϵĸҶ
̧ͷ¥һۣĿ嵭޸顣
үɡѩ˵
ѩ̬¥Ҫţʼձűϵƽ˲裬һۣѾϢ˳ȥ
¥ѩԱ
ҹ˾ʱһߵɽԺǰȥȴҲʵɣɽԺģȴṳ̂ȥ¿ѩŪ񣬺¿ѩЦݡ
ҹҹʧߣǰΰѣżμѩڰȣʹҪȴֻؿš

 80 

ÿ, ɽԺѩò, ûجΣ뽫ϸϸ, ¡
, ûʸ
Ȼ, ¥ͷϲ, ȴұ, ѹϲɽԺ, ȴֻѩĿ롣
¥ʰԼ˵ܼһ, ҲǺõġ
ѹĵ׵ɬ, ѩүүҽһ, ̫ͻʺʩ, ҵӼȻѾ, Ҳýлˡʺ뿪ʱ⽻үһͬ빬, ֪үʱпգ
־䣬Ǹʶ¥ʲõˡ
ʱ빬ұʱп, ѩʱԡ¥ĵĬĬ˵ֻҪ㣬ȥĺ, Ҳпա
ֿܿܿԺѩദˡ
Ǳհɣһʱڴǰүѩ˹˿ڲ裬Ϳ˼ʮԡ
¥￴ǺѵñɽԺѵÿһѩʵ᲻뿪ͼװʲôûп
ѾǾˣѩ˵¥ֻڴƳĬԵţԵúɵůǲǺЩˣ
ѩ¥ͶȥһƳүҪڻĻ˸ů˵Իү׵ġ
¥û뵽ԼֻһȻܴ򿪻ϻӣʱмϲѩΪʲôã
Ϊ
ѩΪȻ¥ʲôʱϲڻˣ
޽ʱﵥò񻰣һӦ趼ʮּ򵥣߶һףɼö಻Ҫڻˣ
ҵǾãһڻֵͦģõġѩǼ
¥ʣ
ֳĬ¥۽ƳѩƺҪѾ߽ǰͷڵսǲǵôʽЩ
ʻһ䣬ѩ͸һɵϵ
үôүɣ̫ӣǴݣ̫Ҳѩ㲻¥ôЩɵ⡣
Ķ¼ˣȻҪ棬ðƷױ
ô򵥵ĵҪʣ
¥´ԺĪǱɵ˰ɣ
ѩϸ¥ԼʱͷԵӣȻ;ԼĲ²мУ¥ûëʣ㿴ʲô
үϵ˿ɺˣ
ƣ
¥һϲЦⲻȻؾȾǣӦˡ
ѩҪ鶾ǲѱˣòҩʲô˱ɵĶҩɣţܵġ
һ˵¥ɵĻЦǳŪֺֻͻȻúˣЦ顣
¥ʶ㲻ѩмֿɰЦЦˣú
ѩ
¥вѩ
˲ѩ﷭˲ᣬԴܼҺ󣬸ԺĿ֧˺֪ǣС˲١
ѩ¥ʲߣֵүȥæ𣿡
¥ʸɰͰ͵˵еúܣһҲæ㣬ǲǺࣿ
ҴС͸ĸѧϰһԺѣҶԲСһ̸ࣿЦ£ǲΪȻ
ѩı¥֪ģҲʱѩĶЩԺľǡϢ
ǿνϢ˯Ϊѩ飬ǻ˵ڿ顱ߡɹ̫ߡڹ仨԰ߡڿ˱
ϺѩûѩѩӲȥ밲ѩó趨ʡ
ÿ˯ɹͲźҪ˯һʱû˸ҳ˯һʱ䶼˯ϡ
ǰ¥ʴӲ֪ϾȻ˯ôˡ
Լ˵ˣҹﶼ˯ãֻҪһڴϣԺֳܸѩݣġĵġġġ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱѩ˾ϢԺﻹӦʱѾ˼Ҳ벻ˡ
ѩһТұҪ볯ˡ¥ʺȻ˵
ѩ˹ؽ˱һҳ֪Ȼأ
ң֣볯󣬶ṫʱұûôྫټļҵ㣬ССԺʵš
ҰԺ飿ѩ̧ü⡣
¥ʵȷģԼҵĹȤҵ볯󣬵ȷҲûôʱ䣬桢ɽȵĹҪķѵľ̫࣬Ҫר˴ҽæڹ񣬲̫ʱ䣬ֲģֻ
ѩЦЦⲻ۵ףͷˣ
¥ʺԥصͷ
ͲҰܹļҲ
ǸˣܱܰɣҹһˣҿʲôҪѾ㣬Щ㶼ģôöԡ
¥˵ĻѩˣүĶôӻС
ѩ¥ԿвҴҵҲǾǽɽɽ׻Ʊ˭ϲӻ
¥ʵı飬ȴ㲻˵׻ѩЦˡ
ʵԴү¥ʱ仯ܴ󣬻ү¥ʺȻ˹ú˺ú£ү־Ŭ
ı仯Ϊ˴֮ϣԼ̬ϡ
Եظо¥ʵ𽥳ԼûǷûΪˮѾദø
ϧûôǵ׻ǽнԶˡ
ѩӻ¥ΪԸ⣬ͷЩңСĵسһۣʵļҵȻ࣬ǹȴѣϾһжģֻҪϤϤǰľôģԺôˡ
һ뿪أѩȻʡ
ϵ¥ʺȻվһŵӣɫҰף·û
˵ʲôʡ
ķӦ̫ˣѩ˲ĳԾΪҪ뿪ǸԽܵ飬ѩڵĻ˻ȥЦЦ˵ġ
¥˿뵽ڽ̩ĺ룬Ľ
үľ𽥽Ժ齻Ұɣ󻰷ǰͷҿɲһܸܺáѩ
ûϵôڶɡ¥ʸ
ɽԺ磬ѩ˿ûŵ˼Ҳ˼Ѱ˸ڣ׼뿪
ѩ˵ҪȥԺͷûֻ̧šһ
¥Щʧ뵽ѩԸҵмȸԾؿѩۣץӷε뿪ˡ
ѩ裺үǺúƤųŵӡ
˵̫˼ѩﱾҪţԸһǣ˭˵ʲô
˾Цô˵ûүǰ㲻ū澹˼أ뿪ʱЩۡ
ѩæſ˱ûжע¥ʡ
ū澾ãүǰһˡ˵
ﲻһ뵽¥ʶѩЩ¾;¥Ѿɶòˡˣһֻ۾
˵Ƕ̬ȣܾүǰŵģĥ˵ǰˡ
ѩϸĽë˲ûӦ
κΪ⡣                        
лҪ˵˼е£ͳˣ¾ͳˣʱ䲻ŶѧЯףװĶǣڼڣƽ֣ͬʱܰѴϴ֡֡ͨ硢پۼ

 81 

ڶҪл, ѩû˯, ó𴲣Ʒױ׼ǰ¥, ˭֪¥ʱȵˡ
ȻǷ, Ȼǳͬһ, ѩʱ¥ʶַһ, صл, ÿ
ڳͣ, Ѿ߶ֻڳŵѩ¥ʹߡ
˴ſ, Ůȥͨ, ˲Ÿ·ĹŮߣ̨׵ʱ, ѩȹڰһ, ҶԱߵ¥ʶ, ʱס
ȵºѩ΢е
л˵, ѩֶµģ衣
¥ȴΪġ˽, ǽеĿϣҵ˼£þƽ
֣ѩ㻽ʱ, ޶ٸоȴֻĵ
ѩδ쵽¥ʵ쳣·Ůߡ
ȵ˴·Ů㲻ǰ̧ʾѩ¥ʽȥ̫λϣ߻Żʺ
Ž̫ԻʺϲʺҲТģÿն̫˵ƣϱ˵ЦģԲ顣
¥ʺѩȥ󣬹̫
йŮ˽ѩлڽ£̫¥ʣֿ˿ѩѩϵЩûУ
л̫ģѾöˡѩ׻ش
ʺɫȷʵöˣû¾ͺã˵廹ǺҪģ˾Ҫúţи
ѩЦ񣺡̫ͻʺ檣檾صˣҲܺõġ
̫пˡ
̶̫ĸ֣ȴʮַḻѩЦүڳߣ꺮ů̫ͻʺĹģ檲ࡣ
ⷬش˭˶øˣ̫⣬룬Ȼѩڽ̩˺룬ȴ¥顣
飬λ¥ʰĽѹ
ѩǸϻ۵ģҲȫȻݣҲ˵ʱ򣬻ȥ¥ȵ¥ʽӻ
̫ѩ¥˵ʱ˼֣ʶѩ㶮ĪҪȥЩӰ˵ˣúûӹӲ
¥λشرϿңĸ̻塣
ĪҪֻܰӣ󰧼˵ѩа㲻ã͸ţʲôʱʲôٻȥ̫
¥Ӧǣĸ
߸Ӧ̫ĻйŮ̫Ӻ̫밲ˡ
̫üͷһ壬ɲ飬¥ʺѩǧ˰ŽһˣλҲʱߵⶼϣծ
̫ɫݣĶ֪ô£ʺЦЦϴ̫ˮһֱڶ壬ͷһιĸҪǡ
Ϊ֪ü̫Ųˣ
ʺǸ֪ˣ˵԰Ļˣûȥƣ㱾ȥɡ
ѩ֪̫ʲô˼ӦֲԽ̫ȥ
ֵ̫ܿȥɡ
ʺƫĲ뿪԰ߣ·ϣѩȥ¥ʵɫһתͷȴ˶˵ӭ¥ʵߣ˵Ŀڰн㡣
ѩ΢æջĿ⡣
Ϊ֪ˣ¥ʻ˼ȴûĲɣһֱ͵͵ӣ
Ĵ
˵Ҳϧ֮ˣǰͷĻʺʵ
ѩػش𣺡ڸûʲôǲϲЩݲݣŻǶһʢã˺ܶ࣬Ҳϲ
ǣ̫ѹ򣬱ֻϲͻ
˵ǣȷѹرЩˮȻʩȶΪһСľˣǸķĻѩЦЦ˵¶Ȥ檾ãҲȤֻ﹬æǳ鲻
ʺЦǱɢǵǱĸ
ѩЦǹĸȻܸɢȣи֮ˣֻ躬Ūʱ򡣡
ʺеѩЦˡ
ʹ԰ٻţͻͤҹ˵꣬ˬŮ˲裬ʺѩ
ѩʫ飬˻ϻӱ٩٩̸ʱ˵ʺʺȤþ͸档
Ȼϲݰã֮ӻ԰һͷ˹
ѩ¥ʺ񣬻ʺͷбŵĲãûбϣıԾº͵ġ
ɡʺ
ǿȤģοϻ̫ˮ̫̫ܾò
յ֪ô˻Ĺϵվ̫Ǳߣٲ̫Ӷ
¥ʺѩǰ߿飬׿˵
ʺЩʧѩո˵ȥ֬Ȥ£ûأɷ羰ľˡ
ѵýЩúģ֪ɷȥĹţЦʡ
ѩԣ˰ζûнӻ
ʺЦҪùʧˣѾӦȥˡ
ѩ˿˸л⣬ֻǽճѾӦ˻ʺлᣬ檶ȥ﹬л
ֻǿ׻γѩԸ⣬Щʧȴǿֻʵ䷴Ǳ͵ˡ
˵רлģɼ̫ʡ
Ѿĸˡ¥ʲ䲻ȵػش
΢ڨ⣬ϴڶ̫Ӷʵʧȥ˺ĹȣʧȥǣһֱǸ⣬̫ܿʹʧӵķݶϣĪҪ̫ӼƽϹࡣ
ѩЦλܵϹģ졣
ˣ̫ӵµģ̫ˮ֮ѾȥˣȥʵڲضᣬҲԸǵЩĵ顣ѩ
¥ʽ˽֡
ʺаޣҲ˿ӣƣñġ
ѩЦ
ʱԶִµĶȥȻ¥ݺˣЩۣѩ΢΢۾۵˿׹⡣
Ŀָܿ糣
¥ݺǰѩע⵽Ŀ¥ʵ˺üۣЦ˽˵̫浾ȴ֪Ȼ㲻֪֮ˡ
Ѿ޸̫ӣ˼̫Ȼű˵ɷ
ȣýԼĸ
ѩȥ¥ʵɫ鵹ǹѵúܣʲô룬¥Ҳȵס׼ˣ˾ǰȻҲһޱӡ
ǲ֪¥ݺôģ֪ȻҪ
¥ݵȥĸ밲Ůȴ֪ĸǱָ˹壬ȷǸͻĺӣûҲڣΥ
¥ݻ£ĿⲻɵسѩȥһۣѩȴǱˣ˲Ļţ̶س¥ʿ£Щ
վ¥ʵ󣬵ͷβ̧
ѣ¥ûҿʲô˼ҵӣ㿴ʲô
ʺ裬Ƶغ˿ڣѩ̬Ⱥ⡣
ѩ̫ĵŮ̫谮̬ȶҲ̫̬ȣȻ̫Ѿ˹λڳеӰȴԾɲСǲϲ̫ӣϻʺ⣬˼ʮ꣬뽫ڽµġ
ѩʶֳĶ¥ݵľ¸¥ʳԾѩŮˣ첻µزµĵʶδ˭⡣
ǰǲ¶ģ¥ݣȴ˿Ʋס
¥۵òУ¥ѩ󣬳¥ݵΥ

 82 

ԭĵ, ¥ݺ, ԰ķΧһֹĲг֮УѩǱƵģ¥ʵͷ̧, ¥ɫ, Ƶĵѩǰ
¥ĸСƵľֹ, һӳȥ
԰ô, ¥ʾȻҲûпһ, ѩ¶µʱ, ̽޲ýѩ§úðӡ
ָݽ, İġ
¥, ĳŵ
ѹеķߺ, ȴ¶΢΢Ц, ¥ѩϵƿȬˣһ¶, ר̵ģձ͵, Ҫźá
ѩͷӦл̫, ֻǻʺѾ˳̵ҩЧãúϲδ̣òˡ
޺޵ҧҧò, ȻãȬˣİˡ
İ
˭ǧټ
ʵˣһٸһǣͷԷȫС
ѩûӦʱ˵״˵ѡ죬һܷʲô
Ϊζ󣿡Цʣѵ̫ӵ»ܳ
̫ˣˮʧȥǳ檱ʵ̫ӵº̫ˡѩ
һ
ʹʱѩҲˮֽǼ鷭뵽̫Щĺüԣͷߡ
ʺʱˣ㱾ȥŰɡ
¥ʹ֣΢ּ
ѩ˿ʺǰͷ¥ںͷѩܾâڱʯ׵ʱͷӭԹĿ⣬һ񣬽žͲȿˣ岻ܿƵسǰȥ
Ҷ¥һֱۼֿؽס
ѩδվ¥ǰַ¥ʵֱۣٳûгȥڵ¥ƿȻ¥ȴ˿ûнƿ˼ȥĽš
ûŤˣ¥ʶǰ̧ͷ
Ĺа㲻٣һ΢΢Ƶֻ̽ѩ˵ĿⶼǵϣʱְʯͷԼĽŵΡ
ʺЦĽ
ѩԣǴ壬ѩ׵ϷɿȾɫڵתת飬ͷû£
û£¥ʲģǿŤ˽ſɲС¡
ѩεزУû°˶ڿأ
¥ʴӲ˵Ŀ⣬ѩĽףȷµӣŲվϲǿˡ
ͤҧݣ޲óȥһѽѩ
ֱʵ÷¥ʸùĵðΪʲôҪѩЦΪʲôҪѩ᣿
˵Բᰮѩ
Ȼץ֪¥ʵıѩʮ⣬¶Цݣ¥ʼЦˣҲ˼֡
ֻص˴̫ţѩûȥʺĹţʺദ˶Իʺϲ
ϲмָм
ȻصʱɫѾĺɫϦббķϣӲӵһƬѩ¥ʸմѾ߹үүˣ̫ȥ̫ҽ
ѩתͷԸܹȥ
¥ʣүôģ
Ѿ߹ػش𣺡ūҲ֪ūֻ֪үȲˣصӣ̫үĴǰֱᡣ
¥ʶ¥ܸܸܵӣ˵¥̲أҲûж룬ѩȥɡ
ѩ˼Ȼ񶾣¥ȴ޹ΪɩģôҲùһ¥һͬȥӴԺ
¥ʵסӴԺʮʱүԺר̸һԺӣѾСרź򣬻Ρ
ػҪ¥̣¥ģ¥̵Ǯ
¥ڹӼ飬вǮģػ俹飬ػ¥̾ڹӼ౻ˣǱ㲻׼¥ȥӼ࣬뽫¥̹ڼ顣
¥ǰɢˣܱ㣬ػ䶥˼죬ػ뵽¥һǿٿ¥ǸǽӾ;Ľ¥̹ؽ˷
¥ƢҲšʳϲԸʾ飬һһһҹҹ²¥ûסȾ˷纮ˡ
ʱȲˣŻػ䣬¥̵ĴֱĨᡣ
¥ʺѩˣػĨᣬһֻʱ׼սĹƵģȻλվ̧˳ȥ
ʲôػ俴¥ʺѩ߹ڵʡ
¥ֱԽߣػ䲻¥ʿ¥̣ȥץ¥ʣ¥ʱһ¶öģֱӽػƿ
ػһˤϡ
ƺû뵽¥ʾȻôڵϰûзӦֻԲһ˫۾ݺݵص¥ʡ
Ϲ״ȥػ䡣
ػָ¥ʵıӳСӣ㾹ҶҶ֣
ѩһҲ֪ػ䵽ûͨŻȥ¥ʣ¥ǱƢûֱӽ߷ɣѾǿˡ
¥Ӷ񣺡
ػǴĵðģǰӦƴĸӣ˺Ϊǵ飬ǲ֪ô鷳Ǳֱǣ
ү鷿¥˵Щʲôػ䵱Ȼ֪ǼүҪү֪¥֮ĳޣȻ׼ּң¥ʵƤӵڱĥ
˵һ䡰ƴǡֲˣ
¥ʸ뿴һۣת¥̵ѾźһֱӸ¥̷ͷͼϵ½
Ѿ߿¥ʽŵɫһףڵϡ
¥ʿ¥̵յͨ죬˶ججģȫѣƻ¥Լһ䡰ҳȥüš
ػӳϧ¥̸ĳ
ػ¥ʲô˺¥̵Ͻ׷¥̵ǰض¥ʣʲôʲô˺Ҷӣ
¥ͣҪˡ
ػ뵽¥ĪĹȻ֪¥˵е޷½ģȥֲ̫ҽ̫ҽ
ѩ˵̫ҽѾ·ˡ
ػǲƣ̫ҽǾ͸Ͻ߰ɣﲻҪǡ
Ҳֻǹ壬ȻĸԸﰭۣ뿪ѩȳȥ˼¥ûͷ
¥ĵһ֣첽ȥ
ѩҲٶԣӴԺ;ֱɽԺߣ¥ʸҲ˵ôһ·ĬŸصɽԺ
ѩɽԺݣ¥ûȥԺֵү£
¥ʣ
ҸΪҪ˵¥Сĵһۣϲûвõ˿ѩڡ
ѩ㲻ҪӴԺˣû߰
¥ʣ

 83 

Աߵĳ㰵Ц, ĵү, ûã
¥ϹҲסתȥԺ˳㼸, ǳȥ, л˵
˳ȥ
ֻʣ, ¥̫ʦ, ȴһݵ, ѩ֪˵ʲô, дѵʱ䣬Ҳż, ҲԱ
Լһ, Ƶغ˿ڡ
¥ʼûиԼ裬мʧ, ȴ˵, ֯֯˰, ̵ѩһֱסԺ, ЩԷЩ˳ȥ, Ƿ޳Ϊ꾩ǵЦø㡣
ѩ¥˵νôκ˸Ұ, 㵹ǲصġ
˶٣ּڻǷ޳Ϊ꾩ǵЦʲôʱ˵ˣΪԸȢޣר̸Լ㻹³Ϊ꾩ǵЦ
¥ʳĬ类˴һƣϻۡ
ҳΪЦ£͸õˣڽ̩ϳϰĽһҾѾǸЦˣүڲҳΪЦ£ǲ̫ˣ
¥һһףȥҪ
ѩҲ𣬿ǵ˰Ҳûеȵɵؾ֣תͷ¥ʿȥȴֻΡ
Բѩ˵
ѩĺݺݵһ𣬺شϣüѹʹ
ΪʲôҪǸأ¥ʣҵҲģҪԭ㣬ǾóĳģҶ
⣬֪ѩĳָʲô
֮ǰУûʸõԭ£¥ʻվδ˵ʲôĬ뿪ɽԺ
ѩһѾˤȻѾٵջ֣ײҴޣ᲻ˤˡ
ڶգѩ˯ɹ͡
ͭǰóͷȻƺԺߣҲÿȥų趨ʡ˯˯ԾͳԣҲû˸Ҹɫ
ǻˣָüֱӡ
ѩһԼķ䣬ʳ㣺ûоãڵʵͦõģңڣ޾
ЦŻش𣺡˾ͺá
·ѩū澾ûүɪСӻССԲˡ
Ƴһۣĺĺ
Լ˵ʵڻүҲһֱȥܵи
ѩž޵ԼֻǱƽ
⻰£Ҫӡ֤˵ĻƵģҴҽ̫ฮˣĽӸոฮǰΡ
ѩ⣬ңǼ¡
Ժûжʡ
֪¥ʣش𣺡˵үһֱ鷿
֪ˡѩ
ظȥ̣Ů֪鷿˵ЩʲôʱȦģȻͱ쵽Ժ
˵
Դϴˮ¥ݾߵķŵùĹŮһźһ˵ÿȥŮǵķԸĸŮ˵
һңЩˣŽҵƻ
ڹ¥ʶѩʱ̲סˣվʹҴҸ˻¥һ档
һݹţȲʣ˵ô£ò׻ϵĺӣѵѩģ
һ£ͺۿǣ̫ҽ˵ˣӸסҸǸӸûԵ֣綼Ҫߵġ
ɫɷף㣿
µûݺģûҡ
ͿҲ֪Ļŭģڴ£ѩҲˣݺǵ̫ѩôģݺԼ̵˺ô𣿡
ΪûУŻڲ
ұţ˻϶Ὣ꾩˭֪¥ʾȻõϲûн꾩Ҳû¥ʺ롣
һԿǶʱȦ
ʲô̫㾹Ȼ¥ʣ¥ʺѩιʲô飿浽ʲô÷㲻úõ̫㲻úûĺӣ㾹Ȼ¥ʣûȥݺѩǲǷˣ
סһֵᡣ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҼ¥ʶѩã¥ǰҵѽǰҵģôԶѩ΢˵
ɫ࣬Ľ꣬ػص˼Ȧ
Ȼָ㲻Ҫ¥ʵģˣү˽㸸¥ʵĻ£˵Ը⻨ؽȢ㵱ϱԼԸģ
۹ߣĿԶ뵱һ֮֮ϵĻʺԲ㸸׾ܾүףӴˣүฮԼܾ˼޸¥ʣ㸸ΪɹѡΪ̫֪˶𣿡
ʧؿʹ޵ںˣ㲻뵱̫ˣͲܲ˵ȥ̫㸸ûУûУ
Ϊһַ¥ʣܲ˵صôˣ㸸ڳܾżܾۼ̶֮𣿡ݼʡ
ʵ֪ˣ֪ˣֻһʱϣŻѩֵģҲҡ
һֱΪǱƼ޸¥ݵġ
ͻȻֵһ볯ķȥͼ¥ʶ˶˵վڴڣһ»ε۾
δεµ䣬ȫûзӦ
һΪҸฮΪ֪͵͵㣬ȴԭΪǾܻˣ֪ѹԲฮϾ¥˵⻰ʱЦϧЦ̫䡣
˸
ǵģ¥ʣǵģſھҪոն˵ģûУûоܻ飬үҲûף㲻Ҫᡣ
ǡ
¥һЦҵɵƵô꣬϶ܵɣΪ˺ҵӣǻ棬ǲǺܵ⣿
ûУûСͣط
ֻΪҪݺѩû뵽㾹ȻôΪһѹû뵽ȴͻȻ˿ĸо¥
˿ĸооѹԼļϵľʯ˵أڿ˼ɵȥԼˣЩѾ㹻ˣ˿ûжԲԼ˼Ūڹ֮ȴ֪ɵΪǡ
ýˣʱˣҲýˡ
ڿ˼ˡ
ڿԡ
ס
һĨᣬȻỹǲع¥ʣ¥ʣ㵱ô˵ģ˵ᰮ
¥ʲЦĲңҾǰˡ                        
лҪ˵ߣ˵ǲǶ¥˻δˣǲǣǲǣţ
ŮûУҲǣûУԩ
ߣû㲻ߣ
Ůһûأ˵¥ǻϻλŪȫ߸ƨ
ߣѩСŮ˵໰ˡ
Ů죡

 84 

ɽԺ, ѩ鷭һҳ, һӼǣдǸصķףǵòȫ, Щɢ, ǿܿ
ͳԱ, һ, һڰŪ֦, ʮ񵭡
ҴҶĽŲ, ѩ˸ٵüͷһ, ˵ĳ, ү뿪鷿, ֪ȥ򡣡
ѩĿһ
¥ʺ֮, Ѿľ, ҲΪûа, ǳź˿ļƻֻºʵ, üͷһѩһҳȥɡ
ΪѹЩв, ˵ʲôȴסˡ
߷߲ƽ̫ǰŻңүžͲټ͵͵ȥ˸ฮȥүֱ̫ˣ
㲻˵û˵ư͡
ͷҾΪеƽүƾʲô۸ˣ
뵽ѩĴɵغۿҲߺޣҲΣҲү֪ѩƵģʲôף˵ٶ࣬Ҳĺĺ
ͽѩġ
ѩֵǳȥɣˣ˯
һۣ˳ȥѩصԷɵϣ鷳Ƶúܣڴʲô룬ôֱ˯ȥԺ﷭ȥ¥ʺ飬Ҳ˯á
̲ס룬¥ʺʱڸʲô
¥ȥ𣿻ֻǵĲ²⣿ļ˵ʲôֻ˵ʲô
ѷ֣¥ʶ֣ʱܳԼ¥ʲԼ˭ܰ¥ݴ̫ӵλ
ѩĴԷתţȻ˼ȥֻֻܿ¥ʡ

ߺȻѩüȥͼһŰƵĴ˴ִӴط˽
ѩһͦӴ
е£ʱ¥ѵӦฮ
յģŲߣôЩ͵飿ѩšü󣬡ϰˣ
¥ӣЩ˼ҲӴڷܽݣ
˵ЦɽԺȥ˭˸ѩѹĵ׵󣬺ü
ôû˸ѾĴμ治ǸҰɫģǴŶǶ˵Ϣûռҡ¥Щź
ѩЦǻҵģ
ǣҵģ֪˻𣿡¥ѩߣֱһѩһƴ֣ʲô
¥ʣ
иͷأŪ¥ڳѡ
ѩҪŪ
ƲϺãһֱڸ˦ɫ¥ȴ㲻ͦɰģЦЦǣҲŪˣ𼤶
ѩ㲻ฮʲô
¥һ㶣֪ȥฮ
ðȻȥฮѩ£¥ȴȻ˼֣ѩĶԭʱʱ̿עңһΪ˲أ˻ǹҵģûã˹Ҽֱ̫ˡ
ѩסԼԴӱﴫȥҪ˭㣿ֻ뿴㻹ʲô
¥ʸűѩļ磺ֻȥΪʲô㡣
лΣ֪Ǳݵġ
ǣж߱ģмЩϲ̨֮£ıһδĺӡ¥ʳĳ
ѩԣ˼ʱ
ĬƬ̣Ϊʲôδˣռ㣬ԲŲϧûҳ֣ûϽұ꾩İ˻㣬Ӧõǡ
¥𾪣ʲôʱ֪ģ
ѩͣҴϻۻˮʱͨУͨŮ˴඼ǸԵģΪ鰮أ֡
Ȼ֪ڽ̩ʱΪβ˵
˵ʲô˵ӡӣǲһϵƣһپ٣һҰƽʲôôɵ𣿡
ѩЦΪҺǸ񶾵һΪ˱ȫԼʲôܲˣ㣿һ߰һ߰Ƶ˼⣬ŮҲֵֻûŮ˵˲Ż䱦Ϲ˰ɣˣ
¥ʺοԭʲôȴѡĬĬܳͷѡ񱣻
ο֮࣬޾Ρ
ѩȣΪֱͲ˸ɵóˣҲѹѩô޵Ȼ̫ˡ
¥ʵɬɬģζѱ棬һ̾ϢζԻַۣѩϣСĵؽԼԴȥ֪ˡ
ѩоĿǸԼĶ࣬ĺȻ䲻˼֣Щ̣Եսʤ˸ԣûж
ʱڽ̩ܵίʲô
Ӳµñʲô
⹷Ϊ˸ЫĳŮôԭ£ѩҲ̫ûй̫ûԭˡ
Ϸ˵֮Ϊˣ඼ǼƤӣ׵õĶԶϧֱʧȥʱźĪ¥ʣ׵õĶ
ѩһĳ¥ʵ֪ˣʲôˣļϵˣΪԼܸ˵ΪˣѩʲôһĪӣԶ㲻ҪΪ˺ңûҴˣּ飬Ҽ޸ʱҾ͸һ籰Լ
ڼ޸¥ʣǺʲôãһΣҪ޸¥ʣ
ҲԸ޸Լ¥Ļ絶ʡ
Ժ󲻻ˡ
ѩЦһʲô
Ժ󲻻˺ˣΪ˺ˣԺһúñ㣬˭㲻ʹ죬Ҿʹ죬˭۸㣬Ҿ۸ȥ¥˵
ǰδеƶǳģѩѾˡ
⹷ûʲôεġ
߰ɣҲ˵ЩûõĻ˵ƤƤŵûõĶô룬óʵжѩ
˵꣬Ϊ˱ԼĲ¥ʷϻӣӣԼȫȫԼס
¥ʿܾζԵĶ΢΢̾˿֪¼ãȻܣȴǿѩֻõúϢȳȥˡ
˵꣬һۣת˳ȥ
ȥʱûзֱӴߣĳ¥ʺȻԲ۾ȫ֪¥ôðġ
𾪵ˡ
¥ȻҲøƽϣԸúչ뿪ɽԺ
¥Զˣع˾䡰Ҫģ˵꣬æȥѩѩƽڴϣ˫ͷ۵ϸɴӳ
û¥ʴ˴ȥฮ˵ʲôҲûбҪʣҲǺֻ֪һģҪջʵ̫̫ˣ鰮ֶҲɱˣҲѹôԹŮ
㵣ǵʣүûɣ
ûУѩشƬֲ֮¥ʲôţҵġ
˵ǲţѩŵġ
ֵؿѩûзѩϱӸϣֽ᣷ŵ˳ȥ
ѩû˯ţȻˡ                        
лҪ˵ߣ¥ʣ⹷ˣ
ҹҹҸĻ
ߣУֻл
ðɡ

 85 

, лŵʱ, ңȻǳʲô£ѩ˲˯ȫ, , һЬһ˵үҹ͵͵˳ȥ, ̫˵, ¥ҵү, Ѿȥ¥ˡ
ѩЬĶһ٣͵ܳȥ, ôû
̫, ҹ͵͵ȥظ, ؼҰæҵˣ֪ү¥, ͼҴҵȥ¥, Ҳ˶̫Ķ֪ġ
ѩ΢һ׹
Ȼܼ, ӴԺѩǲôܵģǰȥȥ, ôھôڣػȥظ, ŵȻػȥظʲô˵͵͵ţؼҵҵˣػȥ׽ˡ
ү֪𣿡
үӦ֪ġ
ѩһ, Լ˾ϻɭϣͳֱ¥ܣ¥͵ȥ¥ǵһʱ֪ˣԼùܵġ
¥ʴͲ¥̺ػ飬ȥ¥̣ҲΪ˵¥̸ղˣ¥ֱӱˣԲʱ⡣
Ѿ£ѩʰãŵѾڴǰˣҪ¥һסȥ
¥ѩش
¥ʾ֪£ĸӵԻȥʲôϰ¥׽¥̰ϣ
ѩû⣬һʱ¥ס
¥ȥ󣺡ȥˣǵ顣
ѩ֣¥ʣϼߣױңŭ˭Ҳ֪ɳʲôҲ壬ȥ
㿴ʲô¥
ѩҲ֪Լʲô֪İɡ
¥û취ֻõһȥ
ѩûоܾ¥书Ī⣬ߣ͵ڶһϺ¥ִݣܴеͣ
ػ¥Ѿ¥ֵòɿػ˽¥ΧŹκһڣ¥꾩һ¥Ĵ඼ǷǸ֮ˣЩ˵Ҳ󣬼кϷҲ뿪׷פ㿴Ϸ
¥̵ǹƥػš
¥¥Ϊ˷ֹػ׽ȥʱѾ˴ϣڴϣԲͻӴϵȥػȥ
ΪʲôѵףЩӼѧʲôʲôûѧᣬ֪ȥμʲôƷʫƷᣬҪǺЩӸںȾƣȵ˲һܹ㣬ѵ𣿡
˵¥Ѿˣˡ
ĸ˵ЩûʵĻˣǵֻóɲţҲŸɣʣʲô
ػݴʲôһΪã
ѻ˵ʲôΪҺãΪԼðɣĸ粻ԸҸĸŸɣȥĸλȥĸΪҲ֪ʲôһҺĸֵУ˹ˣҵǲģ
¥Ȼɲţ黹ãǵҪ븸ĸĵˣԸΥ游ĸ˼Դүߺػ䣬ػǶ˳ӡ
ػȴһձ䱾ǰЩʱ¥̲СػźĶԻǡɲţδ¥λơ
¥ˣıˣػͻȥ¥ʵĶ
¥Ⱳûʲô׷ֻ밲ȵعǻףֻҪûзⱲӳԺǾԲģү˲ƲΪҲȫԻԵ
ҳԵĻɽ亣ζסĻ̨ͤ¥
ʲôǵȥ¥һ
ֵܺദѵܹͦõǸ㲻ĸԿﶼЩʲôźúõӲǵء
¥Ƶ롣
ޱȻڵӣڵʱػǹܲģػһͻᱻһŻȥЩ꣬Żǰ̹
ԴӸߺһжˡ
ػ䱻ûûϢĶҪȨλҪ㵽Ҫʲôǲǣ
ҾȢԼϲŮˣҪôڼҶӣҪôѳȥȾ̤࣬ҲɲţҲˣҾóһӣкóʱƾʲôҹԼӣ¥ί˵ʲôҲϡѵ𣿡
ػⲻģҿ㵹˱ȻŸã
¥û˸ĸաŻʲô˼ѾһɢɳٴнˮƱǼ³
ĻҵѵҪĸҰĵ
أóû⵽ػյߵʹɫŵΧ£ȥһѽ¥̴Ӵק
¥۽Ƴ۵Ӱ֣ŵûһһ˲䣬ǰҪץס¥̣¥ȴδȥƣ͵б¥ȥ
ػʧɫ¥̣ 

¥ſͣѩÿʱ򣬾ߴƵʱ죬üͷ壬ķȥ
ͬʱ𡰰ļ
˷ѩĺݺݵһȻͿǸŻĹһڱĵذϣĿŸԶգͼѵţ۾
һӰѩ߷ɳȥ¥¥̵ԱߣȻֵסϺüѨִӻһҩι¥̵
ػ侪ʧش¥ʱ򣬸ɿ¥ڸ¥ιҩŵûһƴƿȺȥһѽ¥ƿڵϲȥ¥̡
ˣ˰ػŵúޡ
ѩĿһתҲ˲࣬ȥˣү̧ҽȥ¥ʣȥ붾й㣬ȥҽ
ѩһԸػŷӦæ¥̧ҽȥ
¥̧ѩü¥µĵһ̲Ѫһȥ¥̵ĺԣĺԻڲϵѪ
¥ѩһ˫ĿԲɣסԼ졣
¥ߵߣļ磬ģСֽڰοֺڰοԼ
ػ˳ҽݣҽĴ֪⼸λǲˣŵȴ¥Ѿ׻ȥһ¥̺׵ˣ۾Բˡ
Ȳˡŵսս
ػһ͵ذγǸĲϣ˫ͨ죬ŭҶǲȻҶҾɱ㣡
ʧȥǣһڴĲϻһѪۣǴŵ澪ǲֹҽӵĸæҩ¥ֹѪ
ػ˽
¥̵ǰ¥Ѫŵû                        
лҪ˵Ȱڡ

 86 

¥, , ѣ۾ĸĸ, , ¥̡ػ, , ֹҲֹס
ѩ¥ʽȥʱ, ڸ¥ֹѪ, ¥µĵطȫѪɺɫȥ쳣Ŀ, ŵѩҶ࿴
ػ俴¥ʽ, س¥ʳ־Ҫ¥, ¥һס, ػ޴֣, ҶʲôǲǸ˶ҩ, ǲǣ
ѩػֱˡ
ĸ˵, ¥Ҫ¥̣¥ˣ¥̳ԵĻĵʲôҩѩ¥ʻнװҩƿó, ػǲţ̫ҽˣ㽻̫ҽ̫ҽúñϰɡ 
Ů˼ֱ֪ô¥ھ¥̣ȴһƽ¥ƿ
ʶĵĶ
¥ʲƽϣɿػ֣ñ̫ҽ죬һҲ¥ʼȥ¥̵κ˶ֱӣȥ̽¥̵ıϢ
ҽĴػŵòᣬ´˵¥Ѿ˵ʱػֱԴ
¥ʣ˶ŶУ̽¥̵ıϢ󣬻վ¥ʰ˰֣źˡ
¥֪Ѿˡ
¥̱۾ʱѾֹͣ˺ûܰȻˡ
¥ʺĪ
˵ʲô˵ʲôӣػһ¥ûϢ˶ˣνҪȥɱУ¥ʵػ˵ˣ̧ǰסػ䡣
ػ䱻ס˫˫Ŷãǿ¥ֹסѪ߶µ˵Աߣʱ̫ҽ˹
̫ҽ̽¥̵ɫ󺧡
үѾѾ̫ҽ͹ȥˡ̫ˡˡ㻪٢ҲܾȻү
ػȻУһ˾ͻ˹ȥ
ʮţδתٴι˰ס
¥̵ԺֻʮɣԶͣʮ꣬һ˭Ҳû뵽⣬䣬˸ͳ
¥Ƣãĵʩ˶ϲѩɩɩĶҲмϲôͻȻȥˣѩȻ;ĵ׿ġ
޳¥̵пĶࡣ
Ŀ䣬¥Ե¥¥ʾͼûп˵ʲôɫü۵ʹʱǰû֪ʲô
Сѩôˣ
ѩҡҡͷûлش𣬷תͷ˿ҶϧҶϧǰȴǰӣԭس˰죬׻ûǰ
˪¥¡
¥ߵ¥ʵǰӸµ¥ʣĵܣ㲻ȥ¥Ϊûоܣ书ѵȲ𣿡
֣¥̧ͷһֵۣͷȥû
¥̵ǵ׵ܵܣ¥ۣʵĸҲϲǲŪܣǲǼȣ
ԣѩվүϵ¥ʱѾѪѾûϢүȣѾȲˣ
¥ѩĽ֪ͣԼ¥ʣȴĵͳܣɭϣ͵͵ȥѵĵܻ᲻֪ĵܼȻ֪ΪβֹҪȵֳȪ֪Ŀ
ǣĴ¥ʳϣĴ
ԭԲ÷ûֹ¥̣ûмʱϵ¥Ĵ¥̵ɵģֲˡ
¥޴ӷҲ뷴
ѩ¥ʣЦЦ˵ƤƤ¥ͳܲ¥ʺʱܹ¥ĸӣ
ĸ⽫¥Ū¥ʻظǱ㲻¥ȻǵܵܣȻȥˣĸţ¥̵Ȼĸٳֵ֣õ¥ʹܣ¥̸Ȳˣ¥ʺȥ̽ĸȴƵķ¥ʣ¥ʻ˺¥̣һ¥ʸϽߣ¶֪˵¥ʻҪιܣ
¥ʳԾ̧ͷվߣ˽ͣס˵ɣж˵Ĳ¼ɡ
Ҷϧվ¥ԱߣѩǺ¥ҿԡ
λĵõͿţҲţʱ˵ʲôǴҲ˵ѩ˵
ңѩʵ˵úе¥ʹ¥̵£
ʨϰë
¥ѩ˵ŭ˦˦䣬ԱһƲˡ
ôˣѩҲ˴ֵ̫죬һʱ鼱˵ʧ˷ִ磬Ҽƽϣֻ£ȷֲ¥ʡ
¥ɫͷذڰֵˣˡ
Ѿ߽̫ˡ
˽ߵſȥӭ̫̫ñԤö죬ǲŸߵõſڣ̫ڻʺĲ˽
϶ط̫ۿͨ죬Ȼ·Ѿ޹ˡ
˹¸̫̫ɫɣأҡ
ѩش̫ĸĹȣιȥˣ˻δѣȥӴԺһˣĸûС
ѩ䣬ſھͳػӰ
źţɫҰף㱳ѩ𾪵ط֣ػͷȻ˴룬ԼѮĸˣ˿̿ȥѾʮˡ
׷ͺڷˣǺȻ֮ͷ
ѩأػǿ֮˱пɺ֮
ƺûע⵽ʺ̫ˣߵǰҲ֪񣬾ʹ¥̵Ĺ餣Ŀɢ
̫͵һľεķϣϣ˰ҵӣ֪
ػĿس̫ȥתתȻЦЦЦݲҰֲֿʮˣҶϧ¥ɵغ˼
̫ػţ̫ƫİƫ¥Сְԭ͸¥̵ģҪ¥ʣôأ
˵˵ʲô̫ɫ࣬ҶҪ¥ʵ ¥̵ģ¥ʲô£ʲô
үҲƫİǰ¥̣ǷּңҺڴˣҶ¥̺ڶػ䶢̫״
Ȼָ̫¥ʣǣǺҶģҪɱǣ
ػȻаγһذףذ׾ͳ̫ȥ̫󾪿ֲѣʺԲ۾ʶ̫ǰȥ̫λס
¥ʺӰȣһػϣϵذ߷ɳȥ
ػɱɣ̴С
¥̣ĸΪ㱨ĸػ͵ǰȥһͷײ¥̵ĹϣѪɽƬ̣彩Ӳصڵϡ
ѩס죬ƻڵļС

 87 

صʱ, պþͿػһͷײڹϵһĻ, ˫Ŀһ˼岻ã˴̼, ˫һͻ˹ȥ
ѩû˼ȥ, æǰ鿴̫ͻʺû, ¥ʳּʱ, ֻܵ˾, ѩ˿
̫, 岻ʣѩг檸¥ʲٳ, ̫Ҫ, ʺæ̫عϢɡ
ʺд⣬ʱɫ, Ҳ, ʺ̫عˡ
ѩʼػĺ¡
Ӷʵ̫ͻȻ, û˼ȥ˼࣬ΪкܶŴ, 餡áǡ׼硭
һ׮һ׮ѩæýŲմء
΢еʱ, ˵̫ˣջ赹󣬾һֱûܴӴѾźüûϳ, ȻҲŮ·
ؼصҺķԼӣϴصҰػ¥ǰĿصҪֵö࣬û
ѩ֪ͻȻû˻ֲ֪ͨûжؼҵˣϯɢ󣬸𽥰ѩŵõƬ̵ĴϢ
¶ʮǣҹڵóס
ѩ˱ϵĽŸհõѩ˿ڣζóһ뵽Ժȥ¥ʡ
ӦˣȴܿۻүԺ
Ժѩʡ
ū澲֪ˡ
ѩڰ֣£ԼʳȥԺˣ鷿ûУأүأǳȥˣ
عֵүڷԺ
Ժ¥ʵĸǰסԺӣүʱҲڷԺģϴ˵¥ڷԺһҹ
ѩ̾˿ʳԺߡ
ԺֻճɨţѩǲѩڷԺĻϿݵԼһӰ
ÿ鲻õʱ򣬶ϲһľ
ѩӳӹóߵţԼ˹ȥ¥Ų̧ͷҹɫ΢紵ȹǣվŨҹɫü
ĿԶȻĴ
ѩԱ¥ʵ
㶼Ϊβѩڵϣֽʳд򿪣ŶûôԶصظӸȺȵ㡣
ͻѺ¥ʺ˹Ӹ룬ţӸȵģһʳ󿪡
ȻûʲôθڣԽ̩ѩһ͵ĳʳ¥᲻òԣҨһӣŽ
ģ¥ʱܡ
ѩʹı飬źȻʳеΣ˵Ǹˣ㲻ʳġ
Ұɣ˻¥ȴӸ㿪֣û£öˣҿԳԡ
Ȼѩؿ¥ǺȶҩƵһӸ
ѩ
æ񾭴ˣ治ǹģˡ
¥ʺӸŻʳ⣬ȥɣʡˡ
أʲôʱȥѩʡ
һһ㲻ùңһͻȥ䣬̫˵ʵԶѩ͹ģԡ
Ȼѩȴе㲻ĵ˼鲻ð
¥ʡšǰ˵ܵܺ˼ĸ˭ҲãȻػνϣ¥¥ûʲô顣
ѩ¥ʣ¥̵飬ʵ㲻𣬲Ĵ
֪¥ΪΪΡ
ʵ˵û¥̵ҶΣգҷһȥһſִҾǰϵֹķ¥ʴͷһʼҾȻȫܵġ
һ⣬˭Ҳ벻⣬˭˭벻ȥЩǰװ׸Լ𣿸οļĸǰ浲ţʲô¥ֻ̣˵£ֳֺõ飬ô
ѩǸ˼ˣĲ¥̵¥ʲô飬ԼĶӣԼ¥ʵĴ
¥ʣ̹˵ʵһͦģҾؽҵؽ㣬㣬ǾӦƴϵģҲѾˣƴˡ
ѩǸг𱨳ԹԹˣ˭Ȼȥ
ʼҲõһûоطǿүϣڴһͬһµķݶϡ
ļĸ°ߣԻϲҲҪѲƤ¥ʣϾͱԵһס
ĶѾˣʣģΪ飬αٸԼȥأѩԵ¥ʵļ磬˵ǰɣ
¥Ŀ顣
ѩòڣԱȥ¥ʣΪΰοң
̫ˣе㿴ȥҲϲ˪˵Ƶˣ˾ûˣһ㣬ʬƵģûʲô˼ش
㲻Ǻ𣿡
԰Һ㣬ѩڣһǺ㣬¥ʣ㵽׻ҵķͬһ£ܲܿһֱȥ
һֱȥ˭¡

վҹ£ŮӵӰϸݣҹɫΪһ壬һ죬ԸߣҾͲˡ
ģ¥ҧҧˡ
ǰѩãػᣬкԶԶǻҪͬһºܾúܾã˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻˡ
ǰѩܾãǺңԶ飬ȴı뷨
ܶʱʵֻܽԲ⣬ͻύ¥̣ػ䣬ϴڽ̩ҲЩˡ
Ҫ˵ֲĻˣҲϲ
¥֣صسŵá
æµ˺üգգѩ˯˸þһ˯Ȼѣ۾ʱѾˣ¿ʻ쳣Ρ
ùţ¥С˱һ˱ɽԺ׼ѩѩӹԺ飬ƻúܺãȸѩ˵ЩҵЩҵģЩҵЩˣÿÿԼжٽˡ
Ȼƻϲϱ仯¥ʵɽԺƨɻȣС˽شүˣүȥ´顣
شүػĸصң껹ûӴػ¥ҲѾˣ֪صҽʲô
ֻǸ֮͡ѩ
¥ʵ뷨ѩıϣһͬȥɣ˵ʲô

 88 

ѩԼҪӹԺ, ôҲܳʶ, ûоܾ¥һͬȥԺ´صҼ, ¥ʹ֡
, صǾ˾, ¥ֶ, λ, صȲ¥ʵ, һ¥ȫ, ¥ʲصҵ˾˿, Ȼ
¥ʶؼҵֱʵ֪ش˽, кҪ£
صҲû¥ʶԼжྴ, ү˵, ϲżɽұҲ, ͬүδõ֮¡
ػʱ, һʷļױЩӪױжͲԼʮӡ
ԭ޶Ӧ¥̳, ¥Ѿˣػǰȫû˼ȥˣӦô⣬Ҳûԡ
¥ʷϣ̧ͷصңϼȻˣδֻ»ֲؼҵ๰ɣ
¥ʿʮӲһصҶ̸ӡ
صҵ¥̲ˡ
¥̲ˣҪ磬бޣе˼̳Уֲؼҵţش˽Ϊ˵飬ڱ뿪ˡ
ͬˮʲôʸ̳õޣ
ţʲôʸ񣿰ҳɷ˳ĵĸ˵ʲôʸĶӣȻ㶼Īְλǹͷģ¥ʼЦЦձ˵ش˵Ź٣ȴɷȻ˱ô޴⡣
㡭ص÷
شˣϼĴŹ仨ƣȴؿűժ¥°ߵʱ򣬾͵뵽һõӦˣؼҵ̰ᣬӱޣ㣬Σ¥һ
ϴϴα͵߱ĸµ£ûأ㾹ƤҪϵļױǲˣ¥ٿȻصҵĲϣŵصҵԲ۾
㡭ʲôصҶ뵽¥ժ¥ɱֵݣ˫ȴ
شˣݱ㣬Ҫһֻһףٲʶô£ֱҹѪ
صˣˡ
¥ʵǼй񶾵ɷһ㶼̾Ҫ¥ӡ
¥ʵĽصҵĲһͣصҵĲϻһѪۣ
ص裬ȴҿ˼̶һԵش̤뿪һ·ߵ÷ɿ죬¥ʺȻڣ̳ȡ
ʼһֶûпԵѩ
ǳ׼ʶ¥ûĵʱδ˵ģصҾǻ¥ߵģҲصҵĺƤ
ʮӣصһˣҲ֡
¥ߣؼң޹ϵ
ԭؼҺŦػ¥̣Ƕˣ¥ֶؼʹȻٺؼκεǣ
¥ʵƢԣֻҪԺؼҲǰۣ¥Ҳġ
ϵ޵δѩʡ
ֻ»ֻˣϵ޾ֳݰɣһݸ磬һݸ磬һݣȫ۳ӻʳ͵ȥ֣󺵣ܶطգ͢Ѿһӹȥֻ֣»ԶԶ¥ʵ
ѩԣͬصͷá
˾һɽԺߣǰͷѾߺСԶԶظѩ¥˵ĵ°ߵĻֺ
굽ô£ʣ
ʲô£
㱻ժ¥˴ߵ鰡ô£Ϲģ
¥ʱЩȻԸ𣬵ѩʣȴϼ޸Ҹʱ꣬ʵռ޽Ǽ꣬Һҽͦõģһĸӣʱ꺮ůǶйģչҲܵͦϲġ
ѩػĸӣػȫǸøԣռ޽Ǽ꣬ʵװģ
ӦװİɣҲɲ顣¥ЦЦżֳŪ
꣬ԪƽڣϴϽ֣ҵƤǵҴܣҲסң˶࣬ҾʧˣǷͷңҵҵϣңʱұס˿ڱǡ
ҵʱȻСȴ֪ǻҪ°ߣƴϻֱۣңûУֻԶԶؿ˼ۣװʲôûпתˡ˵ЦڳЦԼʶ˲Ҿͱժ¥
ÿԪڣֶлչ˵ÿ궼˼ҶӣѩҲȥƽڣǹ仨Ƶʱʼ̶֣ɡ
ҲԼ°ˡ
ϴԼҲû뵽һܻԼһģʮ꣬ٴ̤븸ϵʱϾվԱߣƵĿҡû֪ʱϿ־ı飬ʵַǳıĿС
Ǹ֪ģ
ԭദǺģԴӻ󣬾ԣʱСʱ˵ͻ©ڷ磬ӦԼµİɡ¥ʵƲ⡣
ѩֻ¥ʣʱж
ʵԲñ°ߣػĶ񶾣ȱһɱ֯޷
ЩĻϾд˽ɱ֯ж£Ϊѵɱ֣ںӺСʱͻзʽѵͨʮӣֻһΪɱ֣ӵ
ѩûժ¥ɱֵЩ꣬ûɱˣɱ٣Ϊû壬֪񣬶Ҫ
ߵزҲıӦˡѩ
ȴֻأ򣬵ƹֶ򣬵öֻϧⱨӦҲ¥̵ϣϧ¥ôõһӡ
µԤ⡣
˻صɽԺ¥ԺȽػ޵⣬ȥػ޵ȥػ޵˱ҾסھԶСͬúܿ죬ѩһ߿˱һ߸¥л
ѩϸ಼ɾ࣬Լػͷ죬˿ȥмɥ˱ѩʵ֪ǸͦбµˣҲὫػļױԭļӷʮӡ
ϧػˣ¥ǲõġ
ɫɥػôЩ꣬ػ¥ʵĹϵʮػˣ¥ǲǵģǼʧҵ
ЩҲ˲ˮû˻ƣһСҲܻȥֻҪһĲ£ֻˡ
¥Ա߲˵ѩ£ԼͲײ֡

 89 

ѩ˱ҵϵ, ͳۺϳ, Ӧʮӣҿ棬պǻ, Ź, Ź½, ֪, ŹҪʱ䣿
Ҽʶѩֶ, үȥ, ӲػܼҵȨػĻù, Ͷһ̯Ӹ, ǺֶΣ, ˸Ѫ, ˴ֲ
Щ˲ֶ, ʱȴõġ
˽˵ѩ, ˵˼죬屾˱, ˿Ҫ죬ȴֻҪʱҼǵñȱ˶
ѩҲˣ, ʵػشվͳɣΪܿ죬Ҫ̫ʱ䡣
ѩϲĻشǾУŹ»հҰ°ɡ
΢΢ȣ룬ѩȻǺúƵġ
Ӧ£ҵѩԸ飬ѩȴ̧£뿪¥Ϊβҽϵ桢լӺضȥ
ѩͷ˱֪ϵĲҵ˶ˣ
٣
ʮˣ⻹ͷڰϴҵǼЩ˵һСϲҵģܼһٶʮˣǽϵĲҵˣЩʲôѩʵǶԴ¡
ѩǸƵˣżأ¥ʺ͡
ô䣬ɩɩŽɣҲģҾͲˣʲôҪģ͸˵
ѩá
¥˵Ժֻźͷѩ˵Ժ飬ֱᣬվã磬ⰲ
ڶգѩ뷽ҶϧɽԺ¡
Ҷϧһģ˶֣ѩԴӼǴӴָͷ˻ʣҲ֪ǲ̫߳ˣѩȻǣɵĻ롣
һ·Ҷϧﶼ㷵ģͣڲ²ѩǵ⡣
ҶϧĲԵõ࣬ѩǸˣֻҪûʲôԲ飬Ͳõѩ鷳
ѩɽԺݼҶϧͷѾ˱ݴѩǺȲ裬һͻȻɩɩҪɩɩ˵ġ
Ҷϧѩǰ̫ûдǻʣ֪Ǻ£
ѩŲѣҲʲô£Ҫĸ޷⡣˵ó㽫˱øҶϧͷĿ
˱ϵĿʮЩЩ桢Щլӡж٣һһǵʮϸҶϧͷһĿȻ
Щԭ¥̵ģ¥ȥˣЩȻǼŮ֣ѩΪ˷ǲ̰Ƕеķġ
ǲ֪ѩη䡣
ĶɩͶɩժһݣͷ飬ǸҪЩжмۻǮǸɵɩɩҲѡҺ¥ʵ˼һ£ǾҪʣµġѩ
Ƕ಻˼
ѩ΢΢ЦûϵģֵģҲţ¥ʵ˼ȫʳ˵ȥ֡
Ҷϧͷ꣬һ
ɲСĿѰǧһʴĿοȫʳöѳɽˣ֪¥ʲϡػĶΪ¥ʻػµĶǶ֣û뵽ȻǾȥ
ۣӣȫȥҲֱ̫Щ
ѩ΢΢Ц¥ƢˣҲû취飬󺵣նóԲϷ¥Ը⽫ĸµһݾȥҲǺõġ
Ҷϧѩ¥ʵľȶүˣҾ͸ү飬ȡվ͸ĵһ𸴡
ǶɩɩѡȻõģǲѡѡһģõֻܳ˵ǰͷΪ죬ʱҾֻöɩɩǩˣϣɩɩֲǡѩ
˵޷ɹʶʱͳǩɡ
Ҿѩ˵飬Ϳ͵˼ȴһֹӣҶϧߣԼ㲻ż
ѩ̬ʮɩлֱԣԼˣûʲôÿڵġ
ѩ̹ȻԵҲĵЦұ˵ˣ˵Ҫĸ֮ǲּܷңĸȻѾȥˣ֪ĵûˣ
ŵĨͣһҲסˡ
үǶĲƲȫӹԼܣȻ¥ȥԼĸٲÿκ˵ɫӡ
֪ϸߣͷ߶δʱ˵ЩʵΪʱ磬ʵڲˣܵѩһҲǺõġ
ɩĪĸߣҪȹĸͷ߲ź顣
˿¶Цĵˣ๫Ҿ๫鵽ѡլӻأվ͸ĵһ𸴡
Ҿ͵ȶɩɩϢˡѩ
˷ҶϧѩҲи׷ʷּҵ⣬ͲŶĲƲˡ
ԵĲƲԹá
ȶ˳ȥȴܶ飬ֶΪ
ػҶϧǰŸߣ¥ʱɽԺѩѾ˲¥ʶŲѵ˿ڣп𣿡
£ѩʡ
ȥ棬ϤϤҪǮԴ¥˵ЩʱԺҪܵģȥϵ˴Ҳá
ѩͷûʲô
¥ӣתͷԸóҵŰڵɣҺкܶҪ̸ˡ
ȻԷȻǺѩһԣԺСɣԺĳͷˡ
¥ͷһϲתԸȥ˵ķԸ
Լүü۽ǶЦ⣬ҲæСȥа룬Ǽүûôˣ
룬оǾԶ
п
֪¥ʵĿζר¥ʰԵĺѩԵģ˾ڶμã¥ʵҸʱᵽҼסɣѶҼڳĳС鷿ƽﴦ飬˶죬ҹ㻹Ҫ᷿̫ˡ
ѩӹԺ飬㲻ˣÿ춼кܶкܶ˱
аҹʱջãǶգ
˰ɣҼ䲻ķҰҼռˣס
¥ЩϲΪѩ˼ʵʱ԰סǵҲеĲ룬ǲ붬
ҲסԺ㾡ܰᵽҼסɣûͬ⣬Ҳסġ

 90 

΢ʧ, ѩ˯ӺЩʱʱ, ;ӻţҲ֪ʲôʱܰѩԭ
ѩ΢кȻҲ֪˵ʲô, ͡šһ, ʾͬ, ѶҼĳС鷿, ǵȷҪġ
ź, ¥ʴѩš
, 䲻ȣǸŵĺ, ̶꾩ǳĽֵ, 볤ָһֵȪȫµĲҵЩ澭ӪĶ廨, вϡŶֻ¥ȡ
˵ǵϵλһȫ£س͢Ϊʹ͸ү, ЩһĲƲȪЩ롣
ھ¥ǰͣ, ¥ƹǰӭˣ¥, תѩ, ΢΢Цҷ㡣
ůЦͣЩۣѩȻܵڸ¥˦ɫ, ¥ʵģҲ¶Ц
л
ʮָˣỬϺõ˿ʮ¥᲻÷֣Ȼǣֵײ񻰣ѩ¥ʵ׻֣˽ָƺסָ
Ȫÿľ¥¥¥¥ʵҲĲҵҲѩǰ֪ġ
Ҳѹ¥¥ͱˡ
¥ʴ¥˻ƹڸǰź¥ʵĲҵ˵ʲôǱʲô
ƹ𾪣ҵҪ߶Ѱ˼ңĻŮͷ¶ģ¥˵ƹȴκɡ
ǣС˽֮ƹ
¥ִѩȥ̣һһҿȥһѩһѩϸؽ̾ӪĲҵﹺЩÿӯǶ١ĻÿµǶ١
˵ʱÿ鶼üΪϸѩãһ·ͽĴ˽òˡ
ѩĲ¥ʼˣִص¥ϢƹõĲ㣬ѩ˶ţŤԼĽţ滺ƣ֮С
һƽ¥Ĵǰͣ£űɫֱֵӴӷڣһö֬塣
ȣҡӸԼȷ磬ĿͣǺЦ
ƹӭ˳ȥӹҾ֪ݵʧԶӭˡ
¥¥ӴĶǷǸ֮ˣƹҲͼ˴棬ЩӹԲ˺Ⱦ֮ͼֲˡ
ƹĹҾϲʩʩȻһŮӣŮӴɫĳȹŷ٣ͷϲųҡŮһһ䣬ҡζʮ۾Ůƹû
ܸһģ˻ģǿǹ
¥ͷҲԼĸۡԸƹǹƿѼ㿪һƲ˶һݣǹúƷ
ƹͷӦ£͹½ɣҲڡ
¥Щ⣺ȻʵڣֱӴȥʵɡ
ƹĸæӦ¡
¥ʺ¥ڵĹϵģ׼ȷ˵¥ʺͼ֮ĹϵȽ¥ʺͼλӶ׽ҲԶǰ¥ʺ̫϶¥ַԸ¥˾¥֪ͨ
ƹף¥Ҫ˽¼¥ڵ˼
ƹŸֱ˵¥ʺѩھ¥ǻ¥ʺѩ£Ҳ
¥ʺѩֺõİһӦ趼ϵȣõʮֺʣһŵ᷽ѩ¥ʴʱ͸ڷߡ
ɫ磬ѩ¥ʱ˴գͶˣ¥ʵ˲ˣͺѩڰţϰŲϵȵľɽ롣
㵹ϲ裬ѷŵѩ¥ǰʱſ
үǹˡ
ѩΪ⣬ͼ¥ȥţ¥ں¥Ǿվſڣ¥ЦӯӯسЦ¥ʳ¥ڹֵ֡
ֳ¥ǴкôҲˣ
¥ƹ¥ʳߣΪʲô
¥¥ʵļ򣺡ֻƲˣƹ˵Ǿ͹
ѩǰ񣺡򸣣ǹ
¥ף¥ŻЦɩɩ̫ˣ˽¼棬αЩ񡣡תͷ¥ʵʸ粻ǽȥȶҪվˡ
¥̧ǽݾ
㵹ϲ裬ط¥ں¥ǰ̶˵ѩ
ѩ֣¥ں¥ǹ߾ȻûдŮСˣЩֵ¥ʣЩƽϣȴֲʮȷ
¥ǹѩɩɩɺЩˣ
ѩЦʮºͣҽΣлʺʹ͵֬࣬ѿˣҲụ̂лġ
¥ͣɩɩ¥ǾͺˣǾýֲʣҵķҲаͽǰɡ̵ģ֪ĻΪأ
ǡһˣô˼ˡ
ѩֻϵļλԸͦϲģ¥ǼȻô˵ˣٿǾԵý飬󷽷ãǡ
¥Цˡ
ܿС½½˲Щ¥ʲδģ¥Ǻ¥Եģɫһʢ
ΪֻͬǼˣûнŮǣѩ¥һߣ¥ں¥һߣ¥볢¥ĿѼѼһ㲻
¥ȸѩҨСࣺȺȵůθٳ
¥Ǻ¥ڶΪ⣬̩Ҳ˵ˣ¥ʵڳϰĽ̫񴫵꾩ǴС˶֪ǽʱ¥ʺѩһ𣬻Ϊ⡣
ϾΪѩǺ޼¥ʵģһΪ¥Ϊ꾩ǵЦΪѩǺ룬¥ȴӦûѩȴԾҪߣѩǵĸģβ
ѩ΢΢¥¶ЦݣС࣬˹غ
¥ʻ֣źĽȥ
¥¥ƣѵ¥ֵܵúúһ
¥ڶƣ¥ʵľƱϲɽ©ˮʵ˵ǣþδͬʵһȾˣ֪ʵܵľǷˣ
˵꣬ͷ¥ʸľһ
¥Ҳ˱еľƣֺȣȻóֺȵþˡ˵ּ꣬¥ڵƣЦʣôûѳʱѾòˡ
ѩһ죬Ϊ¥ʾȻᵽ˺ӡ
¥¥ʱ¥ڵĵӣ֮⣬¥ڻӺһŮһŮͰöûе¥ȣ¥ǶӶŮˡ
ӣ¥ڵıӵƤ´ǻܣڸţúö顣
СӵȷӦ̵ңСʱûбţкԽԽӣּϿصӵĽԵԽҪ¥ʵ
¥
¥ʴǵȻͻ˵Щˣĥ¥ʿеġصʲô˼ѩԵӶรŮ֪޳̫ӵжĽأӴ϶ȻҲʮõġ
¥ʵĺѩĻҪֱࡣ
¥ؿһۣЦ˵ǣҵļڸʴľƣ֮ø֣֮ܵȻǵĸ
ǳأΪϷǣѩЦʡ
¥ľ֨

 91 

¥ڻһЦҪʵܵ˼ˡ
¥ʸ¥ڵƣֵһ, һȻ˵һ, ˫ȫܵܵľ岻ѣԵԸΪֳıߡ
ѩȻɫ, ¥ʵ˼ѾԲ, ¥Ҳ, , ¥ʱźӳʹ
̫¥, ¥, Ȼ⵽¥ݵļޣ֪ܲ, Ϊ˲ȡϺ̫ϲ, ԾѡӳΪ¥ݵжд̣ڻϺ̫, ܻ¥Т˳, ȴֻп¥ڵҰġ
ҰǺõ, ڻʼҰҲļƣܲ˳⡣
¥¥, ֵһЦǴĳֹʶ
˴˶ղû˵еĻ, óԷĳԷúȾƵĺȾƣ¥ʾˣȫ¥ڿɱȵ, ¥ںܺõؿԼûԼ
¥֪Ҫ¥ǻȥҲĽˡ
Ա㣬¥ڴ¥һѩ¥£Ȼ뿪ѩϲӵķζ;ζѴ򿪣˽ʰɾ
ȷ»ָɾ࣬Ѭζɢѩĵĸо
Ѿ̫ûг߿ࡣ
¥ʿãҲмֻϲ
Ѿ˲裬¥ʻѾ£ֻˣϲָо񵱳үһҪѩúùʱְĸо
ֻϧǷݰָˡ
¥ָѩϲ裺¥ҹǲϲҹٻظ
أѩվڴ߻ͷ
ԶϦбб£͸Ĵսϣٷ¥ʵҵʺٿʱɤӱЩɳơ
ȻҪġ˵
ͷԼ˱裬裬״µغȻڣ͵³̵Ĳˮͷ̵糺죬ͺҲݡ
ôôСģѩšüߵǰСԴſ죬ҿ
¥е㲻˼ǲ˼ѩͣȻΪȲֻͣɵӲŻɳġ
ſ죬ѩˡ
¥ʵȻ֪ЩȻѩŷһֱ죬ЩΪ飬ڵرͣ£˾ͺˡ
ѩݻͦġ
¥ʸˣܲܲˣ
˭֪ѩתߵſڣԸȥƹҪһ¥֪Ҫʲôæ˵ãԼˡ
ѩ˰ɣõÿЩ
¥ʲٷѩԴս̩¥ʾЩѩӣʱѩһ𣬾Լľ仰˵ѩˣѾܾһΣپܾѩͲ˵ˡ
ܿ룬ѩ͵õϣķԱߵΣ
¥ԱƵϣѩ죬졣
ѩϸ¥ݣһһȲʱʲôܰԼţݺõĲ裬ܺȵ𣿡
¥죬û취ش
ѩҲ죬һһȥ¥ŵˣҲˣȾ˵Ѫڻ濾˿ŷŵϡ
㡣¥˵
ţͻȻðһ仰ѩһʱûס
˵㣬룬ÿΪĻӲͷƤ˵˳Ϊ룬˶ϲ˿ѩҲϲ
ȻÿĻѩѾ˳ǧ飬⻰¥˵ĳڡ
ľһ̲ˮ
¥ĿޣκεĶҡ
ѩ޲ı¥ЩʧҲ֪ԼǰȷˣԲ̫࣬йѪζ֪ѩϲѪȣ㽫ǹѪζȥ
ѩȷҹ˼վ˴ߡ
̫ȫɽĵƻ𽥴¥µĽֵϵǸС̯̯ǵĽ˷ʮ֣¥ʣˣ
ⶫȻҪ
õĻشѩ⣬Ͼ¥ʽյıѾ㹻ԣʣֻȷһ飬֪ˣ
̫ӲͬôȻûдĽȴҲûʲô캦֮£Ƚºܴͣ󣬷¶Լļ⣬ױҡ
Ĳ¼ѩ¥ⷽĿͺģ룬ȻѾ˽¥ڵΪˣӦǲġ
Σѡ¥ڶʲôѡҪǿ
Ѿ¥ΪУ¥ݵϻλֻǲ֪¥ʴһ볹״¥޷֮գֻ¥ݰ
ѡʲô·ߣ·ҳڰԼԴ˿ϡ
¥վѩ󣬴ҵƻ̿ǰŮӽСǺ΢ĩһ㣬ǲŬȥץԶҲץס
ȴֻҶ˶˵վţκԽľֹ£´ѩп
ʱ룬һֱȥǲҲͦõģֻҪԼߣֿɼĵط۾ܿĵطǲǾѾܺˡ
ôԭµĴֻҪԼߣͲࡣ
̰ģţһ㣬ٽһ㡣
ûǳˣΣ
ܸĺº͵ǣ뽫ȴԾɲң£ҲģǸλã¥ȥ
ôĿѩ룬ȴ֪ΪΣ¥ʱ޶˵Ρ
¥ʺΪ˰ֵժ¥ϱǸʲôˣβãϱУֱӰȡ¥ݵԴ
ѩͷȵ
¥ʳЦ׻̲ס˸ķģֻûа취İ취ժ¥ѾûнӵɱˣȻѾ㲻߻ȥ
ѩĵǸʱ⵹ʧΪһİ취
¥֣صʣ¥ݵĺ⣬ƺҪǲǺ޲ýǧУ
ǵڣϣһġѩɫ
ҰҺޣ˭ãضԱ˺ã˭ݺҲñ˺ùǧټı˶ʮӣѩƢǾưոݵģôȥˣȴҲĶʲô
ԼĴ㡣
¥ʲǰ¹ѩõĻ䡣
˵Ż¥´ѩȥüĿһݣ˿ɱɱ⣬Ƕ˶Ϲҵӣ׷·һ·ͨشȪֵĽֵʻܿͲټ
¥棿ѩʡ
¥ʵͷ뵽ԼӦȥ˻
¥ǲǾ߶˵ջȥ˴¡

 92 

¥, ֪ѩ¥ݵپȻҲô˽, ȷ̫꣬Ӫ, ȻԼ, ߵ, Ļˡ
޺, ѻλһ޺Ļ, ˭̳дͳѲҪĻӹһӸ, ˭ԸԼĺӹ̸¥ݣҾ̸Ҳܱ֤Ǹƽʱ, ûлǸʱ, ϥûбĺӣͳ˭̳, ֳ⡣ʱ, ΪǸλ, Ʊﰵﶼᶷɱ, ıλȷѪ, Щ⣬ϲûпǡ
ѩ˵ⷬ¥ʰ㲻⡣
ѩ˭֪̫֮λȣȻҲǻŵ, ս̩󣬻Զ¥¥ݻ֮࣬Ȼ빮̲ԼԴȹԼĶ֮λˣӦûбĶ
ʲô
¥Ҫ޺ⲻĶ֮λԶܵв˵Ϊʵ̫ӵλãӦʲô
¥ʵı˲
ڶ۾ɣϸŰɣ룬ȻջġѩЦЦЦǸģҹʢ꼻þĶǡ
ɲ֪ǲĴ¥ӲǴЦ˼ֻζ
аɣ˵˶Ҿ͸㡣
ǿǺص飬ȷҪңͷЩš
¥֣صص˵ͷһģѩһܶ飬ģҶɣ޵ˣҶ㴦ãĳһ㱨ġ
ѩһ
ҪΪУЦˣȫš
ĳһļ⣬ּʹϮȫ֪ܣ˵̫࣬ΪŵʱûõĶ
ҿŰɣúÿžͺá
ȥʱҹ˾֮ʱҡҡλΣѩڳϣԴһһģ֪˯˹ȥ¥óһ㣬ŵѩԱߣСĵֽԴԼļϡ
ļϣԴմͷ˯Խˡ
ǳǳȵϢľ䣬ģе¥ʵĶϢȾһ㱡죬ȴֿĻϲ
¥ʡ
˺Ȼ֣¥һΪˣæͷȥȴԾǱ۾ģֻǺıˣЩ
جˣ
գȴ֣ҡ
¥һ
ļٴδܣ޷ѩʱڰ¥ݵĴֱʱжʱǲһֱڴԼ̳ǰ
֪
һˣǿ˽̩ȴûлס¥ʴδһڣԼϹȻѡסӳǰʹࡣ
Ҳδһ̣ظܵѩж
ʱݺӦڴİɣڴԼ㲻ְȴҲẦϣжʧжŻ뿪
¥ʳر˱۾¶һЦ
Ȼ᲻ѩ뿪ĻǸ֮Уѩѩ˯ˣ
ѩӲ¥ʽѣĿ⻹ЩãȻƬ̺ʣˣ
¥ҡͷ
جˡ¥˵ȥ۽ǵᡣ
ѩƣ־һʱûлؿĻΪʲôجˣ
ѩûʲô
˵ر˱۾쵽ߵȣŷԼ¥ʵĻƿֱ壬ЩΣֻñ۾װոʲôûз
ͻȻ뿪ů¥Щʧ䣬ĳʹԽΣѩĲȻЦЦСһܿ͵ˡ
ѩšε˼۾
һ·޻ص³ʱѩ˿۾¥³ַ
ڳѩЩ湦򣬽ִڵ¥ʵģ֧˳غջ֣ų¥ʸ˸תԺ
ûѩ¥ģֱԺסĵط
δ˵ڸԺӳסڽ鷿ķ˰һŴһΡӺһײߣķı
ĶɽԺķ޶£򵥵òټ򵥡
ź򣬸¥ϴŵʱЦʣүʲôʱɽԺסūţסţʵ㰡
¥ĿңΪȥ
ΪβȥɽԺĵ̣ȥﲻ԰ףԼүֱ̫ˣүÿǰϥӣǵūŵĶ첻ʶԼˡ
ѩñȥ¥ʱ
󰡣סﲻУ
¥֣㶮ʲô˵ʲôʲôԺŵ㣬ҪȶԱҪء
ǣūһֱأֻһֱֿסҲǸ¶
¥ʴͷɥȻأ
Ҫź
ô壿¥һΪѩôú壿Ұĸ͸һܺģô壿
ҪͶԣ˵Ů˶ϲ
¥ʲɵǬĻ˼ּƽϡ
¥ǻδޣȻסڻʹ¥ͻعֱȥʺ󣬻ʺʱţվ˲źֺ͹Ů
¥񣬻ʺЦֳȥҰһȦˣ
¥ЦеģȻȹˣĸܾȥʵڿϧŮˣŮһĸ࿴Ļ磬Ȼ
ʺЦ㵹ǲżˣ
¥ǱŻʺֱʲôõģֻŮӶҪ˵Ļĸ˵ŮԸһĸߣֻҪĸŮͺá
ʺ˵¥ǵıͷƶ죡
¥ЦԽɣŻʺֱۣڻʺĶĸŮл˵źĶȥ
¥Ǽ㣬ʺȻʾ¹ùˡ
ֻʣĸŮʱ¥Ƕ˽ڻʺѹ¥ĶԻһһʮظʺ
ʺ𾪹ĬȻ¥ǼɫأҲһĬ
κ󣬻ʺʵ⻰δԱɣ
¥ҡͷŮңֱĸ밲ģʱˣֻŮ͵˳žͻȥˣŮֱַ󣬾ֱĸˡ
ʺס¥ǵ֣ĸģЩ͵ûٲҪκҪסĸĻκˣǰҲһ֪
ΪΣ¥ǲҪ֣Լˡ
֪ʲôʺأԲͻɥԲܱȥ
¥ǻȻ䶮ˣʺڱ
ʲôȥɣ㲻ܲȥʺ
ĸأ¥ǵǵʡ
ּȻǼڱµģȻǱĺӣҪʲôȻȫ֧֣մ˵Щ˵תñи׼ʵ׼ˣ֪һҪ
ݷô꣬ҲʱˡʺЦЦм͡
¥ǲףһֱΪʵⴢ֮λΪЩӲԼûа£ϲźӽ̽ʺͻĸ
ҲֻΪТ˳øʺͻĸġ
ԭһж롣
ѩ֪ҶϧҪձ磬ţҶϧһˣջȥ˽¸ԸԼɷֵһƲѡǴ˹ʶԸһ˱ûгͻĵط
ĽõģѩҲּɡ
Ѿ˲裬ѩתһܹܰã¶ɩɩ÷ģȰˣҾ͵ɩɩԺ

 93 

ͻȻһʲƲ, Ҷϧͷʮָ, Ͼ˭Ǯء
иĲƲһܹһãλȽϴ, ʱֻҪһ, ҵ, ɩɩȥ˵һѩ
Ҷϧһ, ֮ɫ
ĵ, , Ƕģĵð֪ͨһ, ʱǾæҲҪġ
á˴˵Щ׻, ѩǳš
һӣ͵ܹܵ, ܹܰõתú, ¥ʴֵĶȫӡ
ѩȻæ, ȫ¥ʵʱѾʮ³, , ¥ºѩ飬ɽԺš
ѾͶɩɩˣǶǰͰɩͶᵽ滨, ɩᵽƺͬʱ仹ȷΪ滨ԺӺͺƺͬԺӶҪ΢һ£ԼҪһµʱ䣬ҹţҲʮһѮɡ
ǰȥҲãҲʡЩ¥˵
ѩҲ룬˵ĶʼնǱ˵ģץﻹ˹ţԼ飬ֲָ˺á
ң¥ڳı̫Ҳϣǣֳȥǳʲô飬ҲЩǣ
ûУѩʡ
ûУ綼û˵ּҵ飬ǲڶ磬ҺͶûʲô飬Ͷɩɩ˱ǣĲùܡ¥ʵ
ѩûܣֻһʡ
˵Ż½ŷ⹧صݵ¥ʵ˳ȥ¥õСĵؽŷ𿪣ȡ
ֻ֡
¥üͷһ塣
ѩʣдʲô
¥ʽֽݸѩѩһСϵ͵Ƶȼֽ͵ϣֽȼֽߵͰ
Щ⣬û뵽¥ʻϢ
ǣ¥ʰڶˣô޵鶼֪ɼ˶Ȼ¥߼Ϊصˣ¾¥ⲽ壬µ̫̫ˡ
ˣΪ˱¥ߵģȴ̤Ҳ֪ÿ޻ǸЦˡ
ʣô
¥ʶѵ˿ڲ裬ޱȰ򡣡
ѩһ㡭
¥̫ӣ޺󣬶⣬Ҫ̫ӵλãͱкУѩһֱڲ᲻ţû뵽¥ݵǲʧ
ҹǳĴһʵฮ޷֮ˡ
¥ݣ³Ҳö١
¥ʽѷŵСϣһ۽΢ڵ¶ɷѩڰĻԺޱ˵ܵίҶֻġ
ͰĻϨѩݺݵһĿɬ
κʣΪΣ
¥ٵü۵ѩɻң

ʵŵģΪԴ¥ʴδƭϣϣҪôѡ˵Ȼ˵ˣǱʵ顣
ƭӦŵģ˵ͷ
¥ʵЦЦջ֣αϿȥȻڽ̩ϣˮݺ㺦Ҷ꣬Ͼǰ÷Ļ飬Ҳҵ³
ѩ۾뷨𣿡
ܣѩԥػشûзܣ¥ʵ˼ҶһȻ˴˼ˣҲϣҵ³
Ե֪˵ϢʱʵѹܲԸܡ
¥˵ꡭ
ѩ¶֮ɫ
¥֪ԥʲôжֻҪѩĲ̾Ĳһ㹻ˡ
ԼҪ˵ĻѩӦҲ⣬֮Ҿһֱĥΰ⵹̫ӣȴܲ˼Ͼ̫̫ӻˣĥҲûĥ
ѩҲ˵ͷ
ฮգҰȥû˼ֻΪʲôҪݺ㣬ģǣȴС˵̸
ǣ˵ʲô
ԭʲô֪¥Цеĳ̫·ԼѡģԼ뵱ʺԲż޸̫ӡ
ѩ⣬֪Ǹ˫ɡǳ¥ʵʱ֪Ůˣ˵Ǻ޳ܡ
ǱƼ޸¥ݵģΣΪ˸λ¥ź˿
ƫ¥ʩȫ㣬һζΪأȻأڽ̩ϣΪԱ¥ˮΪ˿жԵ̫зǷ֮֮ˣ
ʱ鰮ɱ˵۾¥ʿҲ֪ǿǿɺˡ
¥ʼ㲻ԾԽԼɱЩԭøѩϾŮʲôʵ飬ѩӣ
֮ǰฮףֻܾˡ
ѩüͷһ壺¸Ȼûи˵
İɣϾ֪޶¥ʿЦʵһ룬Щ˴ң鼸Ӳ˵ҲСԼҶ֪ҾȻǱֶġ
ϵĶ˺صӰԸŤ壬ظ飬ʼͷĨԭǲǹԨ
ڰ׵Ԩģ۾ʲôѡ˺Ҫˡ
ѩ˼ѱ棬һʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪˵ʲôá
¥Ǹֵˣֲʵ飬ˣֻ´𣬿ȴУ˶ʸ
ԭҲǹ¸԰֮ˡ
Ѿʲôˣ¥ͷʣĲˮϸȽ׿޸̫ӣ޸̫Ӻȴ˵Ǳȼ޵ģΪ˸ȴĴΰòңΪ˱סԼϧҳ
ʵڲʲôˡ¥䳰
ʱǾԼϹۣȻʲôףҪȵײǽ֪۾жϹѡ·жѡ
ǵ̸ǿ֪ˣ
֪ǿˣƱ磬Һ˵Ҹδȥף˵׵ǣ˵ûȥ׵Ҳǣܵɵɡ
ѩ
֪ΪΣ¥˵ΪɵʱĪеЦסˣ˺ˣ
˺¶Ŀ˺¥ʾĻ
㡭ѩ죬ʵǣ㶼ѹ
ǻߣֱ˻ȥҲ֪ԼϣõĻش𣬺ܶʱ˶ìܵģϣֲϣΪԼ
ѩĬ
ѩҸ˵ЩҪԭ£ҲҪֻ֪飬ôģѡţҲѡţʱ仹ţȣҵ׻᲻ʧ
ⷬθ֮Գڣ¥ʾ˶ࡣ
ѩͷϸ׵ָָµɴȹˡ
ʹٶ˵ù˱תƻԷļôǺúţǷųȥ

 94 

˰, бİҲ, ͺá˵꣬ѩʲôֲҴδκһ, ҡ
ŵġ, , м¼ǡ
¥˿, ֺƾò, æֵҲδŮ, ҶҲֻ, δ, Բң, š
ƺѩ, ѩ۾żί
ѩ
㲻Ұ¥ʵıԽί, żûŮˣȢ֮ǰû, Ȣ֮󣬱ֻһ, ҡ
ѩڵؿûнӻ
¥ʺƻûб, ҲҪŮӣⱲӣҶֻֻһŮ˵ģ⻰Ǹ㣬ұ
ˣ㲻÷ģҶ֪ˡѩڵϾ˵һԣæֹ
ȻŵģϾЩصǰ¥ôΪνǽԺãȻ˵ⷬȻҲõ
㣬ѩ˿ɡ
ֻǣ¥⣿
ЦЦԼ¥ⷽ˼ٿʱҲָȻô˵ˣұǵ˼ԸȥլӻԸԼ뿪Լ
̻Ҫģ¥ʵĲҵ¥ʵģĲҵģܻ
ѩĲΪ¥ʰ̾ȴĶѩʲôҪԼǼõģٶֻ࣬¶ˡ
¥ʻԺѩ
ȥ˵үǳԸﻹ뿪Ը뿪Ҿ͸ʮΪ̲ҪҪᵽҵլȥͳһĹܼˡ
Ӧá
ʱ俼ǣ֮󣬸Ҵ𸴡
Լӵգ̧ӵѩ˽Ҷϧ˶ӣػҶϧӵվݣֽ¥ʵǷ͵ԺȥŰס
ʣµľ͵Ȱֵܹܽ¥ͷϵĲҵȥˡ
ѩĥţҪ
Щǳ˽Ʒδǰۣ֪ѩаţȻҲ뷨Ҫѩ⡣
ɡ
ҷسȹͷϴĻʩʩȻ߽ڵϳѩй񣬳㸽ѩĶߵոոū˵ˡ
÷ò¥͸¥ʵģòȻ΢һ磬ǽ޶ˣѩЦʣҺ£
ūź뿪ȫߵ׵
ŶѩЦǰȥÿ¿ǵãÿµʮֿɹۣһýǣߣҸżңиõĹޣܿ࣬ҲԸ뿪𣿡
㶣Щ貢δ˵
ѩЦҼȻڰǣȻǶкõǰ̣Ҳź㶥ֻȻ߶ѾߣЩ᲻صĻ뱲Ҳû䣬ĻҲԸ뿪𣿡
ǶɽūֻԸź򣬾㲻ܽźԶԶذЩܼҲãū澵Ը
Ÿүﲻȥ
ѩ΢΢ЦүˣҲˣǰݣҲָܽСˣⱲӣֻܹ¶ˣ˵Щܼ飬ȥҲǰңΪȴԸȥ
¥߽ʱͿѩǰĨᣬһ˱¥ʷԸùѩġ
¥ʣԽӿĨүū̫͸үģȻүߣūүˣүĹū澲Ը뿪ү
¥ԣЩãȻ
˭ѩ
̫͸Ůˣ㿴ͦмɫģҪҸţѩмЦ⣬¥Ҳ֪ǿЦĻġ
мЩﳤʲôڽʲôǾ͸ˣûгǣǱͽֻ˺տţûˡ
ѩĻϣ¥ʡ
ĨĨᣬڵϣ˵ǳκһϧ˿ˣġ
㰵żŮˣڸǻο̫ӻѩĳˣ˭֪Ů˵̫ӵϸǵֻ뵱үŮˡ
һ֣ڸﶼǻ
¥ѩԱѺ˿ڲ裬Ŀӻɨѩ㲻Ѿ˰𣿡
ѩ΢΢ЦǰǻԸⰡֻڸ˵ǰػǷųȥأ
¥ʷ²ѣޱɱ˰ɡ
ɫ˲Ұףֵ¥ʣүū澲δʲôΪҪɱū澣ūֻ߰ү
¥ʴù˱̯ѩǰ㲻ԸѭİţֻӰ챾֮ĸ飬㻹˸ɾ
үūԸ⣬ūԸѭİţū澸ʲôū澾͸ʲôū֪ˣүﲻͣس¥ʿͷ
¥ʿ䣺ˡ
ū֪ˣū澲ʶôūһ·ūԸţͷĵ졣
ѩ¥裺ˣͷˣүŻġ
һס
¥ûŻɱġ
ҲˣȻԸ⣬Ǳ뿪ɣ裬ȥѻùٸʮӣھͻɡѩ
ŵҡͷū澴ˣūԸٸūһλɣūһúʧ
ҸˣԼûкúðգҲǵǿ˵Ķˣ߰ɣѩޱ裬ˡ
֪ѩϣ㶼ղãֻľֻܱȥʱ˵ʮˣû
ŭѩ¥ʶù
ң¥ʺѩͷūлү䡣ȻĨ˳ȥ
¥ʾ͵㾡ܴ򷢳ȥˣǵĸģͼʮӴȥɱӺȻûٸˡ
Żʲô
ҲʴȰ¥ЦЦ̫͹ˣͳȥģĿʲôҶ̡
˼ֻź㡣
Ҹˣ͹ˡ¥ʵ

 95 

˵Ȼ, ѩȴһ, Աźļҳѩͷ˱װԼʲôû
¥ʳָ, ϵһ̴ľйطŵ¥ʵǰ, ¥ʽ̴ľƵѩֱ, ָ棺ġ
ʲôѩɻ̧ͷ
򿪿¥ʵ
ѩĪ, Ĵ, һ֧, ˵۾ú챦ʯģ岻, ʮ־, Ǻÿ
Ϸģѩʡ
¥һе㲻ȻϷʦ, , ϲ
ĿƵضѩ, Ŀڴ
ѩ¥ʵ۾￴˸ոջ￴¥ʱһĿ⣬ڴ, ֻҪһûǾ㡣
ѩͦÿ, 㣬ɡ
ǰ̴ľеĺӸϣõר̷εĵطš
¥еʧ㲻ϲô
ѩԼķ, û˵ϲҲû˵ϲҽͷķʽʺϴΣٴɣлү⡣
¥ʿˣϲʣϲʲôģ
ү͵ģҶϲѩ΢΢ЦЦ̫ˣһⶼûУ¥ĵЩɬ֪ʧһЩѹһЩ
ûɽԺţѩ̸أԻԺ
¥ԶˣѩүİҲƣʱӣĶĶʡ
뵽ӣѾˣѩҲǷ˼ġ
Ӧ̫ʱүκÿԲεġ
㲻˵ҵˣȥҵ֧ҳ
ⶫƽʱǳڷţ֪ݾȡ˹ǳαѩһר̷εĺΪأ㻹صרһװ
֧ξ
̫Ҳ֪ĵʲô˼֮ǣȴĶͷƤ顣
ѩǷΣʲôȻ¥ʵע⡣
㣺Ҫ
ûбˣѩҲùȥˣѩֹԽ𾢶ˣū澾ûô֪ܵģ˻˵ɷ򣬵ӻƷ޵ߵĺӣŮ˼ֱ̫ˣ
ʣҪͻȥ𣿡
ãȥ˰ɣǮүү˵ʳȥ֡ѩٴҵĿⷿﲦһǧӳһ𽻸үȥ֡
㲻ףֲȱǵӣﲻͻȥ
ѩ䣺Ͳǰͻȥڷ϶ֽţ޻ңҵνͣ
һ²һ£ɡĮĮ˵
¥ʻص鷿е㴹ͷɥοүģϲأʵٴΣǲǣ
¥һˣѩʱĶҲÿǷΣصϷʦһ֧Ρ
ΪϲģԭȻˡ
߰ɣ¥ʵȥһ䡣
¥ȥȻȪֵ꣬ƹļȻ˵ǰӭӣԭӦй񣬵¥ǰ˸ĸλ¶кδ̫˵йݴ
Ҳ¥ʵ˼й
¥ûƹģƹҲ֪¥ʵ׼˼ӻֵȥɣүǹ㲻ùܡ
ƹԣ˵ԱߣҪ˵߽һˣƹ۾һǰֵŹӣЩûˣģ
ǬӸԼȷ磬ЦȻ
Ǭʱע⵽¥ʣΪ⣬شƹĻ̳¥ʹүþòȻɰ
¥ɫѵ
ǬƹĽ̨һֱȡһش¥ʵ⣺˵Сıˤˣµģҿ֧ӲүȻ֪ɷҴۿ۰
¥ʣȻԽԽãͬĶˣ˵ʮӸõóֻһǧӸõóأ
Ǭе£е
͵ʲôǳ⣬Խ࣬Խۣ㻨ˣ룬Ϊ᲻ûǮö˵ǲ
Ǭү˵
¥ʣ㻨Ǯ˰ɡ
Ǭ
ôܾе㲻ԣǬ¥´Ȧ¥ҲŹ̨ϰڷŵЩοΪүʲôأ
˷һ֧Σ˲ϲĥţһθˣǲ֪ϲʲôġ¥ƹָŵİø
Ǭһ¥ѩ̲ס˼֡
¥ĿһǬɨȥһۣǬһڨڨЦЦүᣬҾǾãȻӣʵⰡ
ֻ򣬲򣿡
ȻǣǾãүȻҲ֪ϡϡ棬ʵϡ棬ҪǱ֪ˣָ˵תءǬЦ
¥ʵЦЦû
ҾӦòϲ֧ǬЦ
Ϊβϲͦÿ𣿡¥ʲ⣬װ۵ģҲ
ǬһЦһáװۡĸһ֧ӣʵûסֱ¥ʲ᲻صһۣǿסЦ
ǣүӲδ̻·ӣһ˼õģȥ͸ʵڲʰһŮӣôʽӡǬ͵
𣿡¥ʲ̫
ȻǬƶ˵ƹĸȡһ֧ݸ¥ʣϲӦɣƺܼ򵥣ȥֲʧ
¥ʶӿƬ̣֣Ҳϲҷ˴ѡĶ
Ǭ
ռ¥ʹȻ¥ʰ
¥ʺԼѡһ֧ɫӣһССĺģӵʮϸ壬ͨûа覴ãǬţѩǴ֧ӣǼÿġ
¥ĺãϱЦ⣬ԱߵǬ¶õЦƵģǬ˲۾ʵ˵ү֧ӣô˰
ϲȻˡ¥ʵ
ǬĪǱʲô˰ɣ
¥ЦݣͶȥһƳǬһҭڨЦǣ䴫ԣϲǵ̫ôͻȻĺˣˣ
¥ʵҲ˵Ƿ䴫ԣֶţ
Ǭһ룬¥˵üе¥ʴøħƵģǼ¥ߵñȽϽȴ֪ʵ˻Ƣá
¥ʵѣԲġ
⴫Ե˭ģ˵ү˭г𰡣ô꾩йĲʵԣҾڿûǺúòһ飬ץúóͷǬһΪ¥ʱƽӡ
¥νϲôǱ˵£Լúþͳɡ
ôУںǰͬ˰ڳɻˣмҵ˰ΪԼ룬ܵΪɣ뷨ҪáǬڰ֡
˵ô죿¥Цʡ
һЦ滨ţÿòϹǬ۾Ǭ뵽紫Զ˵¥ģޱȣߵòУҪҰү

 96 

ô¥ʡ
, Ƕҷ, Ͱ½죬֤ãΣǬЦݿ
, ҵϢ
ôɴడǬ⡣
¥ʵЦѾ, Ҳܸ, ȥɡ
Ǭ
¥, 뿪, ǬתͷƹĽӰ, ƹЦʣŹҪ˫Ǯ𣿡
ʲôүأ㵱ɵǲǣǬ
ƹҲ, Ц, Ǭš
ѩֵµ˰ʮǵڶվͰᵽ޵լ, լӾڳֵֵľ, Զ, ƽҲ㡣
լѾߺ踺ǵʳÿļ, ÿһ, ȥ˻зֺ죬˴巻ǲģҲ, ѾǱߵкſûкõ˼ˡ
Ǳߵ˵ǳɻ飬ԸУǿϣͰңǿǡѩ˱
Ϊ⣺ŮӳޣǸĸ֮ý֮ԣԼģ
ֲǵĸĸԼɡ
ѩѶҲȰǾãѩЩҲ̫ЩԸǸϣǶ鷳
֪ʲôǻǽǹòãҲֵܹҵͷǿǼˣǹòãǾҵ
˵ǣˡ
ǱߵŰѹذɣһЩ߰ˣЩԺζĵ˵ӾͲÿˣʡƾ׺˼ҹ
ŵǡ
ճţˣһ̴ľӣ̴ľйطѩǰүūͽģ˵Ǹ
ѩ֣ղǲ𣿡
ү˵͵ϲרȥһϣϲ
ѩ̴ľУһ֧һССĺĻɣϵȵĺһֵ֪ơ
վԱЦүˡ
⻰˿ѩźģȻ֪ѩϲãȻô˵ôѩӦϲġ
Ȼȴ̴ľУó
ʱ¶ĵԭǲϲ
ȥ¥˵û˼ңҵĽγǧηü궼δùǲϲ̫࣬ϲҲкЩòϵģæԼͺãػ˼ϡѩ˹
Ȼ¥ΪβԼ԰ｻѩˣΪǸүѩյԾӡ
аġ
ѩַԸ㽫׼õӽԸү˵ȥ֡
ӣ׵ū
ߺ󣬳㳯ѩĴָ
м¥ʺѩ˶ʮӵĳ𣬶¥ȻƲʹǲϲģѩ¥ʺɫ;ý
ѩεؿ˳һۣ¥ʵǰ򲻿ˣˣҿɲһܱס㡣
㣺ū澾ܡ
ΪΣʵ
ûүǨģŮ£ضģү᲻ġ͡
ˡߺߵ
ѩЦЦ¥ģλĶ飬ʵʮ⣬¥Ķ飬ʵϣ顣
ֻ飬пڽĳһ죬ߡ
һԻϲ
ӻصԺ鷿֣ȥôӹ
ūùģп࣬ɫ㲻ÿӷŵϣ¥ʵūŽתү˵үȥ֡
Цĳ˵ʲô
˵ֹ
¥ʵָûָµİ˵ɣҿס
ūתүæԼͺãػ˼ϣĽѾ֮ˣҪˡ˵
¥ʸоԼ౻һ۵֣˿¶һЦˣѲ֪ôˡ
ѩʼղ̲䲻ȡ
ἲɫҲˮˡ
ү㽩ȥҲǸ취ҪȥɢɢİɣҲã̤ҲãȥɽԺסգҲǺõġ
һеūžãүһԣϾǵϲլŮӣɽԺȪҪȥݣ
¥ʺ¶Ц⵹ǲ
ɫҹѩţ¥ʹˣЩ⣬¥ѾܾûϵʱˣˣѩҲӣ£
¥Ķ벻ߣ
ѩԽ⣺ʲô˼
һլӸ㣬㻹ǵðɣɽԺ¥ʵɽԺȪȥɽԺסϼգЩˣɢģòã
ȪѩеĶ
¥ʼ¶ɣ²Ϊ鷳ģ㲻زģµĻܹܻһʱ֪ͨҵģԺţҲ顣
ѩ˿ࣺȥɡ
㰲һͳ¥ʵɽԺֻɨūţûкóӣǵԺĳһȥôЩʵʳģ޵ĶУشճҪõĶôţûУЩˣʹ
ѩͷ֪ˡ
¥˵꣬Ҳ뿪ţʣүΣȥȥ
¥ĺףеá
ǾǴӦˣ¥˿ѹЩūźҲ̫Щ뷨ӿġ
¥ʳɽԺ߳ȻʲôƵģ뾡
һӰ¥ʵǰһ
¥ƣԸȥһժ¥˵һȥɽԺˣϢɢȥ
Ӧǡ
תʧټ⣺үû˰
¥Ц
ڶϣһ˺ƺɽԺȥҪУ¥ʺѩȻǳͬһҪ·ʱѩסûһͿʼ
¥ʽŵ˾һҽ㡣
ѩе㲻˼Ϊ¥ҹͻȻ˵ҪȥɽԺһʱ˷ܣߺӣһֱ鰲ŵҹɵϵʱѹʱ
Լʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪
磬˯ñȹñȼ磬ûҲûǿţ˳ȥԴڿϣҡҡλεģûһ˯ˡ
¥¶΢΢Цӻ΢꣬ɷ顣
ϲݰѩߣֿɼĵطżЦ˵̤࣬һˡ
ܰһֱȥֱҲûʲôá
̰Ҫ࣬ҪѩĸԸԼĻҪÿ糿һ۾һľҪĸԸΪŮֱͷ
Ҫ̫̫࣬Ҽ
ѩԾǿ¶ԶԼʱֻ¾õĲϣҲסо仰ˮܣֻͼ֮

 97 

ѩ˯Ժ, ۾ʱԼϻһ̺, ¥ʵϣѾˡ
ѩ, ˶, ʹϾĸоϮȫ, ˶ز, һ, ûж
ôˣ¥ʡ
ˡѩеΡ
¥ʽϵı, Ȼѩǰ, , ѩ⶯һʶ볷, Ȼ, һ, ܡ
Լ, һͺˡ
ûϵ¥˵, ӣȱӦġ
ֻһ㶼Ů˶˵ģ˵ϡ, ˵͸ϡˡ¥ʵյǡôûŪеΪ
ǰϾû㱻źѩܲڣ䶼
¥ʵҪѧϰߣûܹ࣬ûźˣʮָ߶ùԺҲźκˣչͺá
˵ȻȴѩȻһ
ЦЦ⻰˵úźƵġ
ұźժ¥ʱҾ͸ʦź򣬶˲ˮ赶ŪʲôɣʦϿԸժ¥ֻҪûŪŪУôĥңҲ˲ٿ࣬ҺִͱĹȻر𡣡¥ʵ
ѩժ¥ʱע¥˴룬Ҳû˼¥ʸȵˣʵʦ˭
ժ¥һε
Ϊʲôر֪ݣ
ţ֪ʼʱ֪ժ¥°˺ӣ֮󶼻ȥ麢ӵĵϸǲҵݣʦʦ㽫Ҵֱ߽ʮŷɡ
Ϊʲôûгû뿪ժ¥
ΪʱѾժ¥ڵλϽʦժ¥ʦû˸ң˶֪ʦҪҽժ¥Ҷԣժ¥Ϊҵǳû뿪ǵòʧ¥ʵ
ѩȻ׹ʮ¥ʻǸӣص꾩ǹ׶㰵ѷժ¥ժ¥Ŀɽ
˱ȫǲԽժ¥ߣֶΪժ¥Խժ¥볯͢ϵժ¥
ɱ֯ںڰģԳ棬ժ¥£Ҳʦ˼Ҳûй˼ҵԸɡ¥ʵ
ѩϵɢȥ˶˫Ѿж糣ˡ
Ѿˣˡ
¥ʵһѩ˵ͣȻֻͣÿѩ֡
ѩַģŽŵ
ɽԺشʳ֮⣬λɽİɽֱӵɽԺĴſڣԺиɨūʮһˣ˿̽ԹɽԺǰ
ǰһԼѮĸˣԲԲ٣ͷϲһ֧¥ֽ𡣡
˳Ц֪үҪūѰ˽Ժⶼɨɾˣү˼ʱȻˣȵϢɡ
˵գ΢΢˸
ѩˡ
ǵһμѩѩȻ˽øŮƵģյü谵룬ȻǸŮ
ЦЦūӦġ
һɽԺߣһԺӣгĻȣųߣһȵ帣Ĺžܿˮ鿣ѩ¥סĵطˮԱߡ
ǽݣѩ¥λºѾϲˮ͵ģѾʰˣʱܿ
ѩŷĲãĵطһ糺ɫĵ̺輸ǺľƣǵԢ⼪ͼ輸ϰһ׹ҤߣٴĵطһԾ磬ϵ໨ɻƿһ𻨻֦
嵭ĹƢ
λԱ߻һ¥ŲϣݵϿȥˣȥæɣҺЪ
ţ̶˳ȥ
ĸźˣѩʵ
¥ע⵽ѩõġĸĵ΢΢̾˿ش𣺡ĸߵĴѾߣĸأĸչ˵ˣʧڸû壬븸׼ɽԺ
ѩ㲻⣬¥ֲˣҲֻĸǰźˡ
磬ڱԺùţѩطѣͷ򵥵Ժ˸ϴɫ׳ȹһ˫ɫ嶡㻨Ьˬָһۿȥȵӡ
Ͽ¥ǰһʣҪȥ
ѵóȥߡѩĺãػʱ϶Ц⣬δ¥ҪҪһ¥ʵɽʱҰ޳ûһȥ
ѩʵ˸ţΪ˰ȫǲ鲻Ըص˵ͷаɡ
Ժ䣬Ǻܴ󣬵޽ʮ¾ָԺһǽϵĵ¥ʣ˭ֱʣ֪𣿡
԰ִʦࡣ¥ʵ
ѩ⣺㾹Ȼ֪
ÿһҶ֪֪ԺƳ԰ִʦ࣬ǷˣҲгж̣ʯֵģĸϲĵ̣Ժ㿴ǽϵĵ񻨶ǷԵġ
˵Ѿˡ
ǰȥˣļ¥ʵ
¥ѩߣһһϸؽ羰ѩ֣Ȼ̨ĻʲôʱԹĶ֪һ
Ҳİô֪ôֵ
¥ʱеڨȻԴϽֺͱһһĵȫûӣҲֻи׼ķԺӹϵݱ
ѩˣΪʲôɽԺľģΪ¥ĸޣ϶˽ĸ˽һ
ԺѾˣ͸ʱҲ֪ﾹȻĸޣʱǻȥ
ôðԺ͸ҵģѩʳеɻ
¥һ㶡
û⣬ʱүѡʲôΪѩǸʱ뵽ľɽԺҲ֪ΪʲôǾɽԺʺΪ͸
ѩôһѣȻ룬ǲǵʱԼʵѾ˼ֻס۾ûԼġ
ûô࣬¥ʻشʱ;õġ
ûоòã
¥ʸһǲɵ񣺡ҵӣľҵģΪʲôҪã㿴Ժ£һˡ
ô˵ɣѾߵţŵӹΪǴţ߳ȥѩºǲͬģլ£Ҫδãȫҵ˼ûʸֵģͲҰլȥˣ
ңûŮˣŮΪ˺ӣԺǣҲֻҵͷУңǾԲġ
ҲŮˣ¥ʵԷôŮˣô꣬Ҷ˭
㲻ϲأ
ˣѩԲֶǺϤֵĶϲһС·ֱͨĴ
¥ʳŵĳ֣ǻȥɣţµġ
㣺
ѩѩָʾ¥ڣѾŲѩԼȥɣˡ
ҼȻȢˣ㲻檣ǰȢ޶ûҾû˻޸ң¥ʼЩﶼǱӲҵģʱҲãܸһܷۣȰ˵׵ýˣݻԲǡ
ѩԣǵѪù𣿡

 98 

¥ʣյʱ˵, ȷʵͦùġ
ѩ
, 㲻ңԵʱ֪ӺұЩ, ôǶ, »Ƿųȥ, ȫô¥ʵ
ԭʱ˼
ϧûп, Ϊ¥, ȫڷԷ, ȴûκ𽥴ʵڽ뷨
Ϊʲô, 꾩, 檳Ⱥ˲ǳ
¥ʶ˶ٽŲѩ㿴Ҹ, , أΪЩ߰Ĺϵ, ŵ¼Ҳɼңȫ¶ûаʱ򡣵ȶ, ֻʣӣǾܳ徲ˡ
ѩ, ¥У֮Ӻ֮ĸ֮ĻΪԱϵ̫ӡ
ֻһһޣŮһĸͬȴ鷳
һ, ͣûЩе¥ʲ
ѩΪȻصͷ˵˵ĻҲͰˣʵûбҪ̫ȥϾϣԽʧҲԽ󡣡
¥ʣ
ѩԼˮķ߹ȥɽСƹСһսǺһˮѩһĿȻǷٲʤա
ٲ׵ˮ̶ˮ̶Ա߹ʯᾣѩѡ˸ȽƽĴʯͷʯͷϣҲ¥ʾԱߣԼЬࡣ
ˮ¥
ѵҲûϵѩѽŷŽˮŸˮʱе㲻Ӧǹ⣬һú¥ʣҪҪһݣ
á¥ʵ
Ŀ˫׵ϣѩĽʮƯʮֺͷԲ󣬸֬ƵģָױͿ˺ɫˮֽ޵
¥ʾԼɵˣָʲô޵ƫ;޵ģֹǵħƲ۾һס
¥ʰԼԼֱе޲硣
Ǹõطѩһ˼֮ϣѹûע⵽¥ʵı仯ǰô˵ﻹٲǸ˵ˣˡ
ϲԺҿԾ
ѩЦЦûӦ¥仰ζһ˫㣬ˮĽϳˢȻŷڴ¥ʣҿȥӾˮ𣿡
ӾˮҪ·¥ͷһ¶뵽ѩӾ;ûȵܣԼЩ飬ȴ̲סһȡ
Уգˮܷ纮¥뵽ѩ壬ӹס⣬ˮ
ѩʧˮͦõġ
ⲻˮԺòõ⣬¥߹ȥѩĽŴˮˣһ㹻ˣȾ˷纮ô죿
Լı߽Ǹѩţ˫ŵƤΪ⻬ϸ壬˸Ƶģʮۡ
¥ַŵᣬһСˣŪѩĽš
ⷬѩΣСظţĽʲôһСľŪˣɾ˽ţ˷ԱߵЬϡ
ڲУܿ԰ɣѩʵ
¥ʵͷԣȵգﻹǼõıĵطʱҴס
ҿԴĸҵܵù𣿡ԲԲ
Ȼԣ˭ԣɽԺģˣ¥Ц
ˣһʱˣﾰɫˣԺҲ޽ۼѹĸϲҲϲİɣ͸ңҾת͸˵ģҲȥ
¥Цˣ˾ͺá
һ⡣
ţʡ
ˮ̶𣿡ѩġ
еģר̷˺ܶѽȥԺ㣬ʱ׽ǣˮﻹרֹԺ˳ˮˡ¥ʷѩƺЩҰȤ˳ķϲϲ
ǡѩֱʾ
ʲôջ֡
ϲ棬ϲ磬ϲһգܵͱɽӺǲϲģ꾩ֻΪΪŮѩЦݺܵﾡ㽣ʱ룬һ⣬ܻӦΪԼ
̫ƽʢ̫ƽʢ̫ƽʢĻһ㣬׵Լȥϲ飬룬ӦǲˡЩź
Ϊβܣ
Ϊ㲻߰Ըߣһмġ΢΢Ц
¥˲䶮ˣѩɽӺУûδҪһȥҲδԸȥ
ƻδУӰʱȴߵͷ
Ȼ䱻Ȼʧ¥ʴͷֻļּʹڽ̩ʱʶԼʧȥʲô
ֱһ̣ףʧȥܽܵġ
ѩ¥ѩԱˮѩ۾ļµıʣ㵱Զԭң԰ɣ
̫ͻȻѩһʱûа취شͷˮˮֱĻֱĸо˳һֱʽļ⡣
ܲ˵Ƿྴͦõ𣿡
ǰͦõġ¥ЦЩ
ྴѩҪģҪǷ޶ٯٯǼͿ裬Ϥİȴܺá
ûиˣȻúá
ֻҪྴѾ㹻ٶģҲԸ⡣
¥һֱԼҪѩǳӲˣܾԼҪľˣֻ뽫§ú۰ʲôƨྴ
¥Լżżѹͷņ̀ͷʱ򣬱ѾָȻ
߰ɣҴȥطתת
ת˻⣬ѩ˿Ȼվ¥С·ɽߡ
˴Լʱǵһ￪ʻʤգȻѩȴε顣
򼱡
ѩţǴӱԺﻨ˴ʱڻȥҲûʱ϶ﲻôá
ѩĥţô¥֧
ܴ󣬸߸Ļ֦ܵסӰѩ¥ʵҾͺãҽȥ
¥ʣҸɣΪ⡣
ʲô⣿ֻˣʲô⣿
¥ʣҰ޺Ͷ档
ѩüһ¥ڲɽ󣬲Ұްɣ
¥ѹӵЦ⣬еģȥ껹ɽһͷҰʵҰҰ޲£ϾҶпұܵһʱ죬ҪǺжߣж߿㣬ȴȽԶֻ²ܵһʱ졣
ѩ˿ڿˮ嶯ˣͷƤ顣
¥ٽִҪΪԭɽЩߣѪ㱻ҧˣǴҲȲ㡣
ѩô죿
û£ͺˣڣţҲѽ̲סѩķ£һᱣġ
ⲻص㰡ѩİԹ룬ڱúܣѾﲻסˣܲ¥ȥɣ
ѩһΪѡ                        
лҪ˵ллһֱ׷ĵСɰ

 99 

¥ʵ߰, ȥ, ȥ
Լȥɡѩ룬ԼӦòôùɽҰ, ĸʵ̫С, ֻ, ܿͽ, ò˶á
ް¥ʺȻʡ
ѩ
Ѹ֮ɫ, ص¥һ, С֪˸ʲô˵˼Ƿת, ˵ǽÿ, ¥ͷһ
ұ㣬Բ, ¥, ̧ĵ, һɫģ˭˭ӡ
ѩͶȥɵ, ʵڱܣ׻ǲȥǸһ, ʲԸ߰ɡ
¥ӣǰͷѩ·
˻룬ѩѡ˲ľïʢĵطȥ¥ʵתȥ, תת
¥ʵͷԹԱȥ
ѩ޳ݵıӰ˰ΣȷĲͻȻײŷĵؽ⿪ȥ죬磽̴·Ҫ¥ǰͷȥȻֵ˻˻죬ѩͷһɫ߷ٳҧ
¥ʣѩŵôУʶس¥˹ȥ
һ̣¥ĳѾ߿ΣߵӻڵϷŤѩһ۱㲻ٿ˫ؽ¥ʱš
Ҫȥѩˡ
¥§ŵļû£ûж¡
ŮԼ嵭ʮֺţ¥ʽ§øһ㣬ʵں£ұòã
ѩԥƬ̣뵽¥ʿεߣ֮ѹסĽ飬ͷá
¥ʶȥѩδ룬¥ʵı
һ¥ʾ̲סЦˣѩ㣬Ծ˻ϵѩֻоһᣬ㱻¥ʴ˰ա
ѵóѩżȥ¥ʱ˺óһ·ߴĺѾɢʣ޼¥ʷԼɽ·ߡ
ѩøˣ˻صɽԺʱɫѽƻ裬Ѿߴˮ¥ʺѩ֣ԱЦ׼˺òˣȻүҪ
ģʲôòˣѩʡ
һֻúһֻ˺Щˣ֪үҪϾ͸ˣգҩţøү塣
ѩͶˣ˵öˮϴ֣Ըš
žͰڴİ֮ϣԭŲطѩ˰ɽ·Ͳ붯ˣ¥ʾŰ
棬ѩûйھڣڰߵСϣԼе㲻ţΪ㲻⻻ƣ̧źĶȥ
㣬ȥŰɣﲻźˡѩ
ѩźģȻ˽ԼӣѾûм֣ȥ߸ȥˡ
¥һѾǺá
ҲͦõģѩӦȵģ
ԭŷ̫࣬һι붯ʺûλʺһƵ̫ʳͶר̸̫ʳģȥĸʰ£˳־¥赭д
̫ͶСɣʵξǵģ
Ҿȵģǻʺȵģʺ󹬶겻гǸСסҳģıµܿˣڴ֮ǰܿڻʺѵ⣬ܿˣҲֻܲ鵽ܿˡ
ΪΣ
ܿԼϥһŮŮǰ˹¥䣬ס¥ѩʢһ 
㻳ָʹģѩҨƵغ
֭ζʮֿɿڡ
ֻǻɣû֤ݣϾܿԼȫָʹģʱҲǼڹֻ취ŪǣҾͽҪ˳
ѩЦȷǵǱǣ㲻Ҳûкӹɸ㣬ҿǹͦõġ
¥ʵҲȱźġ
Ȼζѩȴûҳ̫࣬ź󣬵ˮϵͤϺ˻裬Ѿݵϵȵˬݾ£ֱȤ
Ȼѩеǣ滹¥ʡ
ϳڣé޵ʱ¥ʾһֱߣӰƵȫûһ˾һԾ
¥˿ڲ裬Ȫҵĺ棬˯ˣھͿȥȪ
ѩһ֣ߡ
æϡ
Ȫغܴ滹ðѩ·ˮԼһˮ֫ЦôõĵطҾȻͷһ
ЦֲǵһȪҲԼıԺԺҲȪǰǳȥ𣿡
ûãѩ¥˵ˣﲻֹһȪȻźˣǾȥԺȪһݣѵóʱź򡣡
Ц۾л
ȪȻѩҲ̫ܵãСʱˣź·ͷðɺ׼ҹҪõĲˮȥ
ѩɵϿ顣
Ȼ򿪣¥ʴ˽ѩһôˣ
ҽҪ˯¥ʺѩԼϳȥæ谲ŵģܸܲ˵Ƿֿ˯ҳɻôöûԲɣ
ѩȻ¥ǷޣԺȻֻǰһ䣬ˡ
¥ʼ鲻Ըӣһ֧СԼĿڣİɣ˯ϣ˯ߵġ
ѩνˣ¼飬ĮĮɡ
¥·Ȫң˴ʱ橶ȥޱ¥ʱޱڵϣޱȥ
ɫѾҹ򣬵ƹƣѩһͷ¥ʣӴ̽һͷЦʵԴȥɽɽԿճ뿴ճ
ճҪú磬𣿡¥
ѩеʧԼǵʱ˵ɣȥǲǾͲȥˡ
뿴
ģ˵ɽճҴûпء
Ļұȥɣ˯ģҰ㱳ɽҾͽ㣬¥ʵɽճȷѵóϧˡ
ɽôߣ㱳ȥǻ
¥Цˣѩұɽɽȥضû⣬ϰ֮ˣֻǰӰɽɽ;ôġ
ô
ǻûУҸ߲ա
ѩ˵ðǾˣջҪ˯ɡ˵£Ҳ׼˯ˡ
¥ر۾
ڶգɫδ¥óźѩ£ѩ˯Ժ˽ѣǵýҪȥɽճ飬ش˸ǷѾźϴ
¥׼˵ĺˮѾ߸ѩ磬ڵʵʵģȥѩ˳ıϣɫǺڵģѩ۾ֱܿϣش˸Ƿ˽ҡ

 100 

ֻû˯ѵèƵ, , ¥Ц£ͷӦá
峿ķЩ¥Ѿ߽ѩʵ, һ·Ṧ, ȵɽ, ղŸո¶, Զ͵, ɽֵɾ
¥ѩѩ, ˡ
ѩ˸ĹǷ۾, Ŀɾ˲˯, ԼȻɽߴϲˣ
¥ʡš, ﾡ顣
ѩϲ, ̧, һͤ֣ôһͤ
ǸΪĸ, ĸһҲϲɽճ, ɽŨأżˮĸȾ纮ڴ˴ͤ, ֻϧĸ̣ճҲûпξˡ¥ź
ʵѩ̫ʣȻĸΪҪɱŮأ
ǻĸ˼ĸ޸³㣬壬̫ҽ˵Уĸ˼£Ӧ˻ĸ檣ʱ˭û뵽ĸУһǸӤ˵ձ㱻Ϊӡ
ԭѩˡ
ͤϣԶкջ𣬽͸չɽɽ֮ϣвʺʣ⣬߲ʹγһױȵĻ
ѩϵ磬վϡĽЦ¥ʣ뿴𣿡
Ůվڹâ֮£ĸɽǴɾ߳ԶɽüٷۣһһЦǡ
¥鲻Խصͷ
ѩ׵ĻŮһϮѩ׳ȹڹâ֮ż⣬裬ȹҡҷ紵ǰķ˿һʯ˸΢Ĺâ
Ҳӹâжữĺâɢ
¥ǰò˼ɫѩȴȻ޿־ܾ̫ˣֻҪһ֣ͻˮָߡ
ڳתԾӯĵ˫¶ЦþĶǡ
¥ʡЦÿ𣿡
¥ʺȻס󣬽ԼĻرס㣬ҪʧˣԴľ䣬غ
ѩ뿪𣿡ʣԼûо
ѩ΢ŵ̾˿ᣬҲ뿪
Ҫס˵Ļ뿪ңƫͷľһǣѩһ㾡жõģӦҵ飬һҪ쵽
ѩĿһް
˵¥ʺȻԱһѩ󾪡
һ̣һ֧ǰɹǵض¥ʳһӭһ§ѩٺˡ
ɱǣѩ㵵
¥ʱסѩ㵽һʯ棬׷ھʯ֮ϣƵģŵѩļͲ¥ḧ˸Ҫҡ
ʱԼӦľǲҪ鷳ѩβ
ص˵ͷ
¥ʷԸ뾣粽뿪
ĿһǰȻһӰڵľװӰƵվѩǰѩһӦһֱǣȻδ졣
վѩǰһɽ㣬Ȼ
ɱֳǰ¥ʴعһЦӰͬȣ˲ȥЩ´̿ǲɱ
ѩ뾣ȥ¥ʰʲô
Ҫȡеźŵźŵŵ߿գಡһźŵڸ߿ը
ʮˣܿס㲻𣿱ְȥѩżúۿﲻҪ㡣
´粽رӦġһһ˹ĺ´̿͵ԴԴڵϹ˼ȦŵѩԲ۾
ѩ۾
¥ʵѩŵøæ۾ϣ߶ǴɱȻʱ仺ЩײϵشĶ˶ڷ
֪ùȥЩȥѩĵؽ۾鿪һ죬Ӿʯ̽һԴ¥ʻںЩ˲ɱȴǸоĿƵģȻ
һѩͿһѼ⵶ֱӹᴩ¥ʵ磬һŽ߿˵ĺܣ¥Ѫ˫ϥһ򵽵ϡ
Щ´̿ͱȫնɱѪȫѪòѩҲ˲ʲôͷʬ壬æ˹ȥ
ûп뾵ɫ
¥ʣѩ˫۳죬˳չ䡣
¥ɫѩףʧѪҡҡ׹סԼ壬ѩȻһЦְȥϵᣬȻȫѪ쵽գջȥ
ѩȴһס֣ô
ᣬΪ𣿡
ʲôʱˣ㻹⣬ôܲվѩĨĨᣬȥȴĵʣ㻹ûлشҵء
ǣΪģˣǿߣﲻȫѩ
Լ˵ʲôǰ¥ɽ
˭Ҳ֪ûеڶ̿ͣǲͣٶȻصԺ
һ¥ѪϻһѽŵûһæԸȥ׼ˮõҩ䣬ѩôˣ
д̿ʹɱѩѾָ룬¥ʷ£һ¥ʼϲŵļ⵶̲סļл˵𣿡
еģūǿӾͻˣūѾȥˡ
Ǵ𣿡
ǣҲû˱ˣֻʹòУôд̿أ̿ͻ᲻ɱ
֪˻ȥ붾йøǿ䣬ԺغãΣȰ¥ϵļ⵶γ
ʱ˵һΣҵӣʱͷһģūͷˡ
ɷˣ¥ϵƣȴ֡
ūֻεˣ⵶ūʵڲֻֻ֣үǵȴɡɷ˵
¥ʻ£ӻһֹѪĵҩ£ѩҩ򿪣ȷֹѪõıҩۻߺ̧뾵ε
εѩһ
뾵ͷס˵͵һ飬ѪڵϣĿģѩŵɫѩףҳҩֹѪҩۣ˫ֽҩ¥ʻѪֹ˿ϡ
˫ֶ¥Щۣ£û¡
ѩѾסΪ仰ַӿΪ˱ˣڣ֣һȫˡ
ѰֶʹҪôһѵ̽Ѫ;ͷƤ飬ο
ߣ¥ʷ˿ڣ¥סѩ֣£ʲôˣһƤ֮ʹ𿴣۾ϡ
ͷȫ۳亹ѩ˵ԼӸһŸɾ׵ӣһĨȥȫȾ˺Ѫﶼóء
ȷ˿ھûˣ裬ϴ¥ʷԸ
ҲߣҾѩҡͷҰĿŲˣҲ
ȥ¥ʵ֣ﲻմȾµĺҺСȥЩģ¥ʵġ
߻Ƥﴩȥʹδ˵ʱΪɣã˴ɱǵˣ˭

 101 

ѩǺҺ, ָ޳, ΪһƬأͷ, ش𣺡¥, 벻ˡ
Ӧô
̫Ӹг, ɱǲ, ˶ΪҺδĺӵʱ, ֱ״̫, û֤ݣõѡ񡣡
Ϊ, õѡʲô
ѩ룺޻¥ڰɡ
¥Цˡ
ѩûõĻӦ, һͷ¥Ц, ˫һԵЦʲôѵ˵ò𣿡
ѩϻ۹, Գϲҡ
ѩЦЦ, ûӦ
¥Цָ⹴˹ѩ, ģһ, ǲ׷ԺģѰ·
ΪΣ
Ϊժ¥ˣժ¥Ѿ·ˣǲҴԺ, ʬҡ¥ʵɱ
ѩ뵽뾷ϸ߿յöźŵ˿
ɱͺãɽԺ޹ܵǣָɥ
Ѿ˿ڣ¥ʵ˿ڴҩۣǿ˿ϵѪֹסˣҪñ¥ʵ˿ڲѩȵȣ˿ڣ
վԱߣɡ
ѩ۵¥ʣԼǼɾģÿնҪԡ˵Ҳ޷ߵģ˻סķ뾰ڰֵˣȥɣŪ
ѩˮźԸǰүϲɾٸүͷϴˣѪۣô
һۣūǶǴˣүϵôأūǴִֽŵģүүϼ˰
ǰūƽҲЩү׼ϴˮϴˮж˷Ͳ˵飬ϸµĻūʵڲᰡǳز
ѩۡ
˫ϥһһ򣬿ͷүչˡ
ѩȥɡ
æ˳ȥſڵʱ볯¥ʼ۾¥ָᶯ˶ǸϽߣһЦǱΪ뿪ˡ
˶ɢɾˣѩȥ¥ϵѡ
ԼʯͷԼĽţ֪ʲôˣ¥ܵģʲôܣϸⲻȥ
ƤѰҪһЩȫѪЩѪմȾƤϣΪĿۣѩӷˮʪվ¥ʵǰۡ
¥ʹԹԱ۾
ѩϸؽ飬ԼǸΪˣ¥ʾʱҲˮ裬һˮõһ飬ڶˮõڶ飬ˮõ飬Сĵرܿ¥ʵ˿ڣͲӲøɸɾġ
ѪѾֹסˣҲɾ
ֻܰѩææȥ¥ʹеΣûһЩֹѪҩЧͦõġ
ӶõģЧȻá
ѩѾɾϰ׼˿ˣ¥ʣǲֻҪ˿ڲˣ
¥ʵͷ
˿ڲѣʼʱѩ֪֣¥ָ䣬˲ˣ˿ںѩɵϣˮͰȥϴͷ
ϴͷǼ鷳飬ûźˣе㱿ֱţԲͻᳶʹ¥ʵͷƤ¥ʹԡ
ѩָķ䴩ʱо۾ֻһֱôȥֱĵҲԡ
ѩϴͷӲסͷȻվͷðʱȥź¥ϴϴȡ
¥еźô°ҪūŽźأ
Ǹϲѩźϸ۵ָߵʱֱͼ尾ʹֲ棬ҹ§˯ʱһ
ѩԼϴԡȥˡ
Ѫζʵţ̵ڣѾǼޣʰиյ¥ʵ˿˶δ
ѩȥʱ¥ʺͶ˵
Щɱֵʬ岻ҪȫԭأǺţܳ¥ʵЩʬ廹кܴô
ѩ׼ôã
ʱٿɡ¥˵
ѩʣʲôʱظ
¥Ǹؿûдˣұ֤´γʱ򣬾ˣδɱ¹شھҪظ
ϵơ
£ҪĶСˣһ͹ȥˣжڣ顣
ȥšѩתȥˡ
˵¥ʵǰʮĸɱ֣ȻǸ֣Ӧòڻôصưɣʱڰб㣬Ƕһа֮ˣĪǣÿƣ
¥嵭Ƴ˶һۣˣûŭȻҪҪóһЩûϷĵض¥ʧ˵ҲûдȻҪԭ򣬵ҵ׻ǴǷ˼
˲ˣпƵ˼̾Ϊ˵õѩϧȻԼ˸òѾ˰ɣ
Ǻαأ
㲻¥ʵЦˣҾˣҲֵá
һ¥ķˣĸѩ֮ˣСèСˣշһοǸˡ
˻ϵɷ
кȻã¥е֪գαصء
ѩܿ찲źûس̵ĳص¥ڴǰ˸ѩķˣȻϢʲô룬ҡ
Ҫ
¥̲סЦӣǴϻ˫һ·ڱ˵Ƥӵ£ʱʱˣʧ
ѩǵϻء
û£ģҺܿ¥ת
ѩһֱĿԶȥ뵽¥ϵƣȻͷģܹ˵ˣ֪ѪʹĸжҪ¥ٸǿ޵УҲǸˡ
˱֪ʹǲ֪ʹֻʹǿ˰ˡ
紵°ڣѣˣݰɡ
ѩͷ
¥ڳǰ̫ţһ·鷿鷿ϵ¥ʽȥ΢°ڻǰ
ɣ˵Ҫޣ£һ淭ǰӣһ
¥ȴһƣ˫ֳͷϣ΢ѩɽɽճʱɱǴӴ̿͵ѳƣϹĿ
ǰתϣϵüһдһɡ֣ϱֺ¶ƷŵϺ¥ʣˣ
¥ɫѩףȻһ˵ӣϾԼһ⣬תأ
ϰһѩҲ£лϹġ¥ߵ׵һϵ˿ڣ˲Ѫѩ׵̱ѪȾ졣
ֽ¥ʷôţ
¥л˶£Ѿ΢ˣģֻ¸ţ΢ƽԲϡ
ǿƣ꣬ȷǳƣδɱǳŵģԷжˣˣǸ֡
ʮˣʱѩ΢ߣΪ˱ѩ񣬲ŲСİһǲǳŵģ΢ҲЩ̿Ͷˣܲǵݡ

 102 

ǵδ, Ǵδ¶ʿ, ޴Ӳ𡣡
¥¶Ϊ֮ɫֵϣɽɱ֮¶ֵü, ס, ΢, ֻѰӻ, ڵ׳Ͳͽ, ΢, ҪֻҪʼձӻ΢, 㹻ˡ
˼, ¾ôˣϵı鿴ϲŭ
¥ʿЦ˰ɣ׷ȥ, ˭ûкô, ϾǲǳΪ, ǣ浽˻ӣȥǻʼҵ, ΢ǰ࣬΢, ֲһ  
¥ʱϿңȥ㲻αһʱ侹Ҳ治ĻǼ⡣
¥ڲ޹ڣΪҪɱ, ûУʡ
¥ʳ˼Ƭ̣ƺĥ⣬΢Ȼֻ˰ҲûĥƵȷǳֵģ²ǲǳΪسԳ棬ԣ΢Ϊǲ׷úá
¶º͵Ц⣺㵹óԶ
¥ЦݷࣺԼֵܣʵûҪֵôѿ
֪˼ˣƾȥɡϻֵ
¥ʹ£Ͻƶϣźĸ߹˵µǲ¥ģ
߹һ亹ϣû֤ݣūŲҺҴ⡣
˵¥ʵץػǲץأ
⡭߹ɫΪѣᣬȴгǸ˼ūʵڲ²׼ȷҲò⡣
ЦЦò⣬Ҫ޸
߹ڨȻūţס
ҲҪףˣȥ̫Ӱɡαһ¿
߹йصķǳ̫ʲôߵſڵĸ߹Ȼ뵽ʲôȵŴָͣæԼס
Ӵһȣɿذȥˡ
ѩصɽԺӻûȣҶϧѩɫҰףеȻרȥɽԺɢģôסЩʱգǲﲻ
ѩȲ裬ҡͷҪٻģǽɽϵʱ˴̿ʹɱ¥类̴´̿ͻж㼴̻ˡ
嶼ˣҶϧȡ
ǣΪ˾촦£˹ӦûڹЩ̿ͶǳҺ¥ģѾעҲ֪ǻ᲻ҹ˾ʱɩͶɩҲҪĲǰѩѵ
ҶϧСѩ˵ɫɷס
Σ廹ƽǺ£꾩ӽ£ʳ֮ڣ˭׶֣ĵҰİɣػغõġ
嶼ˣǵЩáҶϧ˵
ǰϾصĴ£ˣɩɩңʲô飿
ҺͶɩӣʮһ³ǸӣǴңȥˣĵϵĵҲҪһЩ
ɩɩȻѾˣұ㲻ˣǶԼˣԺ󾭳ǣʱҪģɩɩֻܿڡѩŲ裬ͷ˿ڡ
ãջ˾ţЪɣǾͲˣ£ʱǾǡ
Ҷϧվ
ҵȷЩͲͶɩɩˣ裬λɩɩ
ЪŰɡ
ҶϧǰŸˣѩö˶˵ģ˿֪ɽԺɱɰˣû£ҪȻ
ѩ˲ʣ¥书ߣѰ̿˵ң
¥ʵ̬ת䣬ʵˣ
ᴩԵˣǲֻ˿ڿʵֲѩ
Ϊ˾ܵˣʾ䣬Ѿ϶ˣΪѩܵˣŮ̬Ȳתô졣
ѩ̾ǰ
еɸ֣ӣ㱾ְôΪͺ˰ˣˣǶʮôġ
뵽ѩѪģӣ̲סֺۿ
ģѩҲùס֣͵ŮôûϢֻ˵ΪܵģеΣ˶ѡ
ѩֱҲǷҪᣬֻˣٺãʼջбˣΪ˱ŮһΣڶΣˣʵڲֵиģӣãûǾǲġ
֪ѩͷ
ԼŮʲôԼҲתƻ˭ҪɱǣûУ
¥ڴ̿͵ѳ˳ơ
ҪɱǣΪΣǴ޹ڰңֲ̫ӵˡ
ǳ𼤶Һ¥ʲ²̫Ҫ޻¥ֱӽ͵ǰȥˣµãҪϵ˼
̫ĵ֣ˣ̫Ӷλþͻȹ̣һ˫񣬼ɱֽ˰⵹Щʿǲ鲻Դˡ
ǵҲڣһ˴ϣܻе˿˾Ĩɾģֻǵÿϵ˼ѩ
ǻϼҪ̫أü
Ȼǻϵ˼ԵӣΪУ¥ǻϵĶӣ˴ɱǴһҷ̫֮λ㲻ܱסǻϲҪ̫ӵλãȴƻ¥ݽǱʧʥģʳ֮ڣûлϵıӻ¥߲ԶģϾժ¥
ţ¥ժ¥֪
԰ҲǺ֪ġ
ȻǸħͷ˵ЩɱǵĴ̿ȫɱ˸ɾ
û¥ʲɱˣŮͱסˣòǻΪЩ̿͵ƽɣѩͷ
Уֻ˵̿ʮˣ
ô֪ô
·˵ģһܿסôɱ֣𣿡ѩ֤
ѩ£ժ¥ôõģҲͦģҴûĸ֣˵书ߣԻЩŵġ
ôģüʡ
һһɡڵĿǰ⵹ˣЩŮ鳤ԣҪ顣
ѩĳóһŵݸȥø游游˵֪ϵҳġ
дʲô
ѩ˳ǣ游ң֪ɽԺ̣Щ游ԵΪЩʲôǣ²ܱǲ̫ӣҶҪ
㲻˵ϵ˼
¥ʿϵ˼³ϻӣ¥Ϊ֮ˣûϳţΪ˻棬ֻһֻ۱һֻۣǻ֪ĲŹӣֻ»Ắġ游ͬ游ˣֻΪ룬һҳɱҵԪףпԭ
ͷ˼ˡ
ѩ΢΢Ц̫Ӹ˴ɱǣҪһƤ


 103 

ǵؿѩ, һ, ҵø˵ұٽһˣ̫, ̫˵, ڷַ˯, һסԺ, һסԺ, ҺȰȰ, ˵ǱϾǷޣȥҲ, ñƾ׿Ц, ˵֪¥ʣôùȥ, Ҳ, Ȱ, ٺ¥ʷַ˯ˡ
ѩ˳ǣ˼ҵ¶ӡ
ԼȻǻԼ, ˣҲֻ˳, ԼŮһ̣ܹнʱģ뿪, ˡ
鵽ҩϢˣѩϲ
鵽ˣ취вͨǼҩǶеʦƣժ¥ûɣ¥ʰѼҩ𣿡
ѩЩʧǲܵģֻ취ˡ
Ȼȥɣʱ䣬¥ʲҲˡ
ˣҲ̲סָһ
ѩ
뵽¥ʵˣ˻汼빬һһأϵ˶ѿˣѩ뵽ǿɲĵ˾ͻѾ׼һӦˮȥԺ¥ʻ
¥ڴſѩȥѾǰүֱȥɽԺ׼ˮүȥ¡
¥ĵϲȴֺԣɽԺ
Сүϵ˿ѿˣҪ붾и·˿ڣٻɽԺ
ͷǲɵ

ŶԶԶԣūȥ붾еɽԺүҩүϵأʵڲԺԺܣɽԺϢɡع
¥ϵƣԸȥɡ
ѩ֪¥ʻˣɽԺſڵ¥߽ɫȻѪɫѩϵȴᣬʵ𣿡
ѩȥʶ˵Աߣѩ¥ߣƳ·ɺѪжûУ
ػش𣺡ȥˣӦѾڹ·ˡ
ѩͷ¥ʵμ̫ʦ£Ѿ߽׼õˮӺҩýнźѾǶȥ
¥ʼѩΪæǰæֱֿ˻ϵЦضزסһ߸ҩһа
˿ڴմˮЩʳҲҪ嵭ЩҪ߶ԺźĶЩֱŵģūʲôϸµ飿½飬ү˵ʱסɽԺɣ˼ϸ壬ڣҲõÿЩе
¥ʵ˿¹ãҽշ黹Ҫ˻ǿЩñȽףȻζߣ
¥ϵЦ֪ˡ
н꣬תȥѩ¥ʵϲ裬ɫƵĲҰףó׼õࡣ
һ㣬ůů塣ѩ
¥ЦᣬҨ಻س˳ѩ˵˽ս飬ʲô˼Ҳ̫¼Ȼˣ̫ӾͲù
ǵǲ̫ˣ
˭ɽԺڻʳ֮⣬ܲ߻ôĴɱжģضλȨ֮ˣȻժ¥ɱ֣Ҵδɱ͢٣ڳҲͺ¥г𣬶ϵɣûļǸʵ͵ӸڻʳǴſھͶԵүֵġ
¥ЦЦ¥ˮõϣұȫˡ
ǻϿƣʲôӦ
Ǹϣϼ޻ʲôӦûУüҶûһ£˼ж¥ؿαϡ
һ¶ǣָֻЩ񣬵ɫƣ
֣ˣȥԺϢ

еżòнڽôȻҪȥˣûпڸأҪſˣǻüסԺ
Ϊ¥ʰп࣬ȴҲҶԣԹǰˡ
ѩ˾ţͱæŴˣϢɣʲôٴҲ١¥ѩɫ˿ߡ
ѩıӰȻã¥Щӣ˺ܶࡣ
˵ûԺĶЩֱŵģźϸҪ黹ʤҲҪòС
ңͷʩѹǲԸ⣬ҲԸ⡣
¥ʰֻѾſڣȴûѩͷǷݿʹʮ֣ЦҡҡͷһֻŴ
¥ʡ
ѩڶ࣬¥ʽŲһ٣ͷڴ
ѩȻ¥ڴĿоᡣ
ҼѾʰˣϢɣ˺֮ǰչ㡣
¥Ŀһںڰ߾˵˺Ȼ⣬Ƿݻϲεشѩڣ˿Ŀ
Ǿˡ
ԱߵҲ˿
ūҲѩڣæ¥ʵҼĴ£һЦ̾ǻˣ治װ
¥һۣ˵ı˵ᶼᣬǸһ˱ĺ£ͰԺĳȥ
ĶүģūǾ˵
¥ʴ˸Ƿȥɣɻ
¥ʱɫҹѾںţŵʱ̧Ҽ䣬¥ѩû˯𣿡
ңҸ˵˻ûϢϢɡ
⻰£ܹܱҴҽү̫ӵ´ŽΧˣˡ
ţˣµѩ⡣
̫ӵ·ǻϿͣ˵ɱִɱү´̫ӵ¼̽ѺΣ䡣ܹܽ
Ҫıߣ¥ʼ̳λ̫С̫ӵµ˳ףг˴ɱǣһһģ
̫Ǵ㲻˵ˣ̫Ӷ˴λãǸλõľǳɳȻ˰ɱ¥ʣɼ¥ʹ
пܵϻλΪУʲô³
¥ʲŲæʣô˵
ʲôû˵˴ſڣ̧ȥܹܹѺ˸Ρ
ܹܼ¥ûбķԸ㹪ȥ
¥棬ѩüʣôѳץˣҲǻӣѵҪһıɱ
үھߣ¥Ϊүļ̳ˣɱӰȻСǻϲϳĻʹֻ»нʿġ
ϳǸȻ֪鲻ǳģ֪̫ȥץɼд㡣¥ʵ
ʲô㣿ѩȻӦˣ㲻˵ҵǺˣ¥ݺͳֵܣ¥ȥóǻֵ֮ĸңʵ¥ȥΪʲô¥ȥ
ϵ˼˭µ׼¥¶ָĪЦѩԸȻܹ˵ɽԺЩ̿͵ʬȫ͵ȥϼȻҪ£ұҪ˳Żϵ˼
ѩ¥ʵĿⲻɵ˼֡
źԺϢѩսţѩ¥μ£ЦʣΪΪҪң
ΪʲôȻ̽ڷ硣¥˳¡
̽ϢԿôģѩЦҰգұȥ
µġ
İɣĹǳ£ҲӲϵ
¥þˣ˿ڷۣѩɻҽ˯
ѩָҼ䣺˯˯
ֽ̧¥ʷһ·Է¥ʵ˯ɣŮˣˣŮ˯ĵ
˻ѩ˵
ˣ£Ҳ˯˯˴Ͽ϶˯ģջҪû˯ãоӦ¥ϣҪ˳ȥȳֻţƻָк档
ȥϰɣݲ㡣ѩ

 104 

ûϵ, Ҳ, ǰժ¥ѵʱǼҳ㷹ԶԶȲ, ӲøʯͷƵ, Ӻܱ, ˯ʱɪɪ, Ҳˡ
, , Ⱦ֧ϣƿŶۡ
ѩǺ, ֪ͲѶҼĳ鷿, ֻһԷܲ¥ס᷿ȥ, ȫ˶˽Цǡ
ѩ, ˯ϰ, Ҳ˯ϡ
¥©һģЩŵѩ, ѩȴѾǰȻߵ߽ϵĴӭŲ, ޱƿ¥ȥ
¥ʵıЩľګҪһ˯𣿡
е㲻š
ǲһ˯һֻ¶ͣȥɡѩ, һ飬¥վŲԼ˴ȻԱߵλá
Ҫ㣿΢üҡ
ңң¥ӣѩڣϽȥйɵ㣬ʮֺţ˿ޱ㡣
ѩ뿿ɺĴӭϿ飬ȻʲôƵģ˵˵֪ȥ᲻ңǰҫһ
¥̧٣ȴģƢԣʤߵ̬վǰȻЦʧܡ
Ļκ˵һ޹ؽҪ飬ˣҲӰ쵽˿ǶԼ֣ˡ
ǶԼֻ֣֣Ϊ֮Ľɡ
ѩȻȤ鷭һҳЦʣ˵Ҹη
Ȼġ¥ش
ŶģĸƫִУ˵ģֻҪҹػץεܣֳã
¥ʳָ
ѩ⣬ǹԹԵش˹ȥ
¥̧ͷҪĶ˵ӣȴ΢΢ƫͷһֽԴѹͬʱȥľһǡ
ѩһ㶡
һǱϣ¥ʷſػƽɻشϣѩʺǺۣЦõġ
ѩ֣һϣߵռұ˾ֱ˵תĨôӣ۲ۣ
ֱ˵𣿡¥ġ
ѩһۣø˵
ԼĲӣͷ飬¥ģƹ⽫ӳյý˸ˮƵģůġ
ڶգ΢ůߵĹŮڳŵѩ˳Ůȥͨûһۻѩ볤
λϣѩʱ˹ֽѩЦʣ뵽ˡ
ѩЦ檻֣̿ǳʰǡ
ˣԼˣǾͲ˵Щ׻ˣɣ֪Ҫó˺Щζɿڵĸ㣬ڵ˺ЩƯĻ
λϣָŻϵһǱӱĹҪģ˵ǹеƷҪơ
ѩĿϣȷϡеƷ֣־ĻҲУﻹ裬ⷬ⣬Ѿʵˡ
檵ȷ񰮡
Ǳһˣһ˲˵һ˵ȥɽԺСסʱ˴̿ʹɱû°ɣǵʡ
үˣû˼ڼţҲ»д̿д̣ǰ˻
ջ̫׽˳˸Σĸйϵ㵵ûɱǰ
³Ҳڴ̿͵ѵ˳ȴʵѩɫƺյĴɱ£գүЩɥˡ
΢̾Ҳ֪үǰ²˺е˳óˣԲųó檺үʱ˴ɱǡ룬϶ܴ˽үġ
ɳϾǻʺӡ
ΣӷͬѵɱˣͲܵͷ𣿸οɱĻǵ飬Ҳүܴ˵ίġѩ˵
Ȱŭܽƾһƾ͸ǲǣ
˼ǣҪ֤𣿡ѩʡ
ȻϾҲҪƾһǲģֻ˵Щ͵Ĵ̿ȫףϰ̿͵ĳûв֤ݲ֣ܿͻᱻųġ
ѩһݣǿôãܲɷֱӳ˸ɱ˳Խͷ֮ްɣҲ˵ƾһƵȷܶ϶Ļʹǳ˭ţ϶Ϊүֹġ
Ц˵ǣʥá
йŮ£ѩڣֹ
ʲôֱ˵ɣԼˡ
ǣʺΪ飬鷿һҹˣոպȻ˹ȥĹŮ˻ȥŮ˵
Ȼվʲôʺεˣأ̫ҽûУ
ˣż̫ҽѾȥ·ˣʺﲻµġ
УģȥȻ룬ֶסŲˣʺ󣬺Щ˱ȥɣʺһֱӱΪУ˳ۣʱȥΪȥЦģк⣬ǲȥˡ
ѩüȴûʺϲ𣿡
ɲǣǰ밲ʱ򣬻ʺù裬ʺȴ˵ר̸Ĳ裬˰ѵһءԱߵĹ¹ù˵
ˣ˵Щʲôǹ¹ùһۣʺһ֮ĸ̵ְ𣬱ܵûʺ̵Ǳĸ
ǡ
ˣûôǣ½׼ᡣŭ
¹ùòʲԸغһū
ѩţʢ飬檱ӦŵģǻʺȻ屧檼Ƚ˹ǰȥ̽㲻Źˡ
Ҫȥţü
ȥ̽˻ʺﻹҪȥ̫̽үرԸģó檶Ҫȥ̫ʰ˼Ҳصġѩ
ǸˣǱ㲻ˡ
ѩת˳ߣ˭֪ߵԶʱҪȥʰīɫȹͷϲųΣ̫͸ѩ֧βͬͷϴ֧ΣҪЩ
ζЩ۾
ѩ񣺡̫򸣡
ɫ΢зףѩۼؿѩϵǺۣɫԽ԰ףĿӿ˳
˵˵ˣ
³ţȥɽԺСסû뵽ͼıΪ檣һϸչţźܿȬ
Ҳ˵ˣ¥Ϊ˱ѩ˵ġ
ʵ÷¥ǰԼģôΪ˱Ů˶ԼˣЩУѩôҪ
ҫɫࡣ


 106 

⻰˵úԥ, ѩ, ûֱ˵¥ʲô¥İ˵Ǿͱֵ̫, ̫αˡ
, 㻹Լĥɡ
˶, 𻭱ʸԼü, ֲ, š
¥üͷһţ
û, Ҷз־ͱ, ʵһƴȥ, κ̫ݱҸ, , ֻҪһ粨, ˡ˵ңԼ챻ˡѩ뵽ҧгݴ, ;泩
žеӳ¥ʵģЦʣͲۣ
´һǺһȥ, ʡ˴ʱû˱㣬¥վߵ󣬵üѩӼǺ, ʹǵĵ̣£׾ͻᴦ·硣
ѩüۼһ˿ҲҪûǸ¡
֪㱾´󣬡̲סȥָشǴǺϻѩȻ˲оԼĲϴһ顣
¥ЦˣҲֻһ޸֮Ůˡ
ϴζЩ¥ǻ쵰ǿռ£¥⻰оԵĵѩ££޽ǵĳ˵öԡ
¥֪뵽˲õ飬£Ժһᱣ㡣
ѩ΢΢һϣЦЦûӦ
ܹ¥ʣ¥ʹɽԺݼҲûѩرܣܹܵ⾩ǱߵĶұһֱ˶ţǱµĶ
ʲô
ܹܳѩ̫֪ɽԺɱְЩ̿;˾Ϊ˸ֹھ̫˵ү޹ڣ˰ɱǣǳΪҪĻʹүһҲס
¥Ϊ⣬ѩҲ¶ŵģ
ǺѲЩ̿͵ƫϲ£̫ȥ󣬾͸˸⣬ͣЩ̿͵ʬ׶ڴſڣðǹϣܸȷʮӣھôſڱˮйͨ
ѩգգ۾ṩ
УܹܵͷʮӲСĿ͵˲мṩõЩȻɱ֣ʳסܲģ꾩дɱ֮£ȻǸˣڸߣ¶ʱ򡣡
ṩ׷ȥֵµ˶Ҳ죬һʱ֮ھͲһҾ¥Ҷķһ׷鵽Ʒȥˡ
Ʒʲôϵѩʡ
һԻ˵Ʒе̿ͣǵϳƷ壬˴˹ȥѲ飬ûгܹʵش
游أ
̫˵ûȵھﶼȥ˼Һ¾˰˭粽ھ˵࣬ȥ̫ȥ
ѩ¶ֵ游ʹˣ岻ãڡ
ܹܾ͵İɣ˾̫ߣ˲ˮ̫չ˵ʮӦǲµġ
ѩգŰġ
ʵȥһˣ뵽ضʬ壬ֺ£¥֪̫壬ģ̫ȻѾְΪ˼ҵġ
ѩȻ֪ɽλƷǵλѹƾҲֻ̫ȥ˳Ҳ
ܹǰŸߣųŰݷãѩ¥ʶ֪ʲôģ¥ҲûбܿѩԵſڽˡ
Ŷ쵰üģЦʱ͵ȳһ꣬ӣǳĴ󹦳ûʺϲ
ѩͳڵλƽѾ߷˽Σ˻ѩע⵽ɫܲԼҹһҹշתߡ
΢΢̾˿ųɽԺߡ
ɩɩİɣˣھɽԺţҴȥѩżɽ
ȻЦЦֱˬҵȷġ
ɩɩ롣ѩ̧̧֡
ɽԺ¥񣬳¥ʣ뵽վ̲סͺۿ¥ʵҼү
˵ձֱֱس¥ʹȥѩ״æסûóĹ¡
ɩɩʲôүԼֵܣѣүԵΪǽѣ֣д˴ɷˣ
᣺Ҳʵûа취ˣս˹֪ĸ鷿Ϊ飬һҹϻȥű̧˸˸Ȼ̣浽̫ӵˣЩ̫һֱӳΪжд̣Ĳ˺ضԳ֣Ǻ޷֮
ɩɩˣǻӣ˸£ֻ»˸ˣңҪ˸аɱ֮£ô򵥣ѩ̫ʦ£֪ɩɩż£ǻġ
ֻҪվΪ飬¾ͻתء
±ͻתأҪվΪ飬¥ĮĮ˵ȫ׷ĻʹŲձнʱȻܻףҪκΪ飬ɩĵ飬Ҳܳ֡
θ˿϶
˸ɱ׵ɾ̫ӣ˳̫ӵλñض̫Ӳǵ޴ˣȴ¡¥ʽ͡
ѩ䣺԰ɩɩ˸ר̹Ѻӵܵĵطɭϵεȳ̶ȸ뵽ģĵطȫңҲˣĻֲŻɾ裬ҲЩ
㵣ҲŴ̿ǳȥģ
ѩЦɱܵиɰɣûɱǡ
գڻ˿ɻ̲סģ˸ǸطҴûȥҲ֪˸Ĵ䲻䣬˺òóԡ
ѩ̲סЦδǰ;˭ұɩɩˣǹҡ
̾ϣ˰ɡ
˳ٻصɽԺʱ򣬶Ѿ¥ʻҩˣѩʣҪã
Ҫ˵үӺã˶ãδڣͱ¥ʾԵصһۣһ˽һ죬ҪЩʱ򡣡
¥ʸ˶һ
пЦá
ѩͲٶʣһʱЩûһǹΪİɣǷ԰ɣ
Ҳ֪ǱúûǱ˱úã֣ԶǺ¡ѩǵػӦ
ƷԼΪѵãôǺˣ
ѩЦļ壬ȻǺõģֻ̫ԻóãҳҲֻŮˣкܶŮˣŮ˼ϲ̨棬ԼĵֻẦԼ
Ȼһ
ѩ¥Ϊ֪游Ϊβͬ𣿡
¥Ů̫ˣзʡ


 107 

ѩ΢΢ЦΪںﰲȻϵ, ǼΪֶε, һǻţҲüΪ游Ųء
Ǿ仰, мְ
п޵ϻ, Ϊ, ֶ, ˺, ѻʺ̨Լʺȫ, ò绨ǲϳġ
ѩһҽ, ͦ˵ġ
һһ, ¥ʵɫ𽥳ѩǸ, ȴԶô໰, ȻǶԶ͡
е㲻ζ
ͷ˶һ, һȻ㲻þ£ҲϿݶ, ˶˵ӣѩǲҲΪ
кȻо¥΢仯, ڨЦ£ٸ¥ʰ˿ڣ¥ĿУת˳ȥ
ѩƳ¥һۡ
¥, ѩϲͶģ
ƣѩôװʲôû¥ȴģģȷԣҳúÿʲôĵģ
ѩֻ˵˼䡣
ż䣿Ǽʮ䣡¥ĿԹŮǲǶϲºͺ͵ˣ
ѩû
ʲôõģֻҪǸŮͻ˼ЦһЦߵĿȸƵģ˭޸˭ù¥Թ˵
ѩ˹̧ۣٵķ¥ʵϣ˵ĿҲĵģ˭޸˭ŵùɣж൹ù㻹𣿡
¥ʣ
оһ֧СĿڣ˶Щָ꣬ͣ棬óˡ죬ȻѩҲû
¥𽥵ؾ˵ƵģͷѾ֪ˡ
۾ѩѩû¥ģӷεվߵѩԱߵ̫ʦ£ȥ
ڿʲôСʡ
仰ѩ̲ػش
ǽϿӵĹ£¥Ϊм
ǣһ˱ȢһԼϲŮˣȻΪϲŮ˰ԼӺĹ¡󣬱ҹҹȥɷϲǸŮˣǸŮ˱ŵõʧķ裬Ծˡѩ˵
¥ʣ
ʿˮ
ɷ֪Ĺڱ󣬾ȥ˷ʦǷʦΪ㣬ûˣʦŵƨʰˣҧɷɷȥİŮһԹԧ졣
ѩ飬¥һЦô
¥ʣͦͦġ
ѩЦ᣺ҺõǶʮûдңָѾһԹԧˣʵøһԹԧҲϾо仰˵ֻҪһõԣţ
¥ʣҵԧ㣬ҵǲ⵱
˰ɣŵʱѾǲˣˣҾӵĺǣҲԸʲôԧ졣ѩ֮Աǡ
¥΢ֻ̾׷ĺˡ
ѩ˱죬û˼
鰸ٶȼ죬վͳ˽õƷҵ˴̿ǵϳϳȥ¥գûϳҵʲôõ
Ϊ˾ֻ࣬ýΧһͲ鵽˵ذյͷϣŵذյ˵Ǽ²飬Ͳ鵽˷ϵϡ
¥ݵš
õϢŵһ̽ʥ鵽ڻϣϵٽǰ׽÷ϡ
Ȼ˸գϲڶֳ嵽ϵļûֻϵʬ壬ʬԱ߻һѪ顣
дģΪ˸ﱨǰɱִɱ̫ûаϵһΪ
Ѫ鱻ʸ˻ϣϴ̫Ӷţ̫ƶԴһ֪ϽǷѪ̫ӵһ÷δƽץһ̨̫ӵͷϡ
̨̫ӵŸˡ
˶Ϊ̫ӵλѾˣ͵˳Ƶۣ𣿡ŭɶ뵽ȥĻʵܣǸΡ
ľһѪΪ޴⽭ɽһʹ꣬ȴʹ޶ȥ㲻ƴĶӶϱǲ壬ɴ̿ʹɱ
¥ݹڵϣĶͷڲϵðѪѪ˳ȴҲȻʢŭ֮£Ҷ
ɱ¥ʵ£ŵüΪܣΪԷһǸԼһû뵽ó
ɼҲ˻ʵĻʹͱϡ
վֻǻɣûȷ֤ݾ޷޷Ͳ˶Ķ֮λá
¥ݴ׵ʣûиǵȲ֮°¶İ㲻֪飬븸Ŷԩ
ԩ̫գ㲻Ͻȴ˽Խ밵ң˽̣֪ԼڸʲôǱʲôˣ
ߵ¥ݵǰٵˣѾһͷﾡǶ¥ݵʧѡĶϱ޵ĶʦĵŮּ͸õ¥ʵģ˻ף˴޲þʱֵ˽Զ̣
¥ݵǰԴ̫ʧˡ
ʣкǸͱסˣ̫ҽѾ취ǿԱסģΪĺҲƽİ
¥̧ͷоʣҲ۰ӵĺøףɥ֮ʹ̣ϣʱȷʧȥǣö˽̣˶ĺӣһΣҲôʮӣʵ̫ˡ
޶ĳͷԲŰɴ̿ȥɱǣ
ûУ
ϳ˫ϥվûУ˭ţ˭㣿
ֻܱҪζԶ˵㹻ˣѪ˳¥ݵ䵽ϣ󸸻졣
Ц
ϣֵ̲ܽµ˸ɳȲʲӽ𣬽£û޵ּ⣬̤벽
ǲ׷˼ˣ¥ݻȻ˿ߵ׵лʡ
ϰڰ¡
¥뿪Ը߹
һΪҪϳ̫ӣˣȻֻ̫Ľ£¥ʣˣʵ˵òֵѩױǰüЦҡҡͷ
˿¥ڴϣϰڴӭϣһμڿ
ҲЦ£Ӧ¥Ȼ㲻öϻۣҲгǸ꾭ӪһֱΪһ¾ûϳ׶Ĺۣҡ̫֮λļԲȶѩµ
˵ĵסѩ΢΢̾Ǿеѵȡ
¥ݱΪ̫Ϊʲô¥
޵ӣ޵Ȼȿǳӣ¥δΪҲƣҲǵŲԼûӵĻ֮ˣˣܵһʢȴҲǸԻϲΪ̫ӡ
԰ܱΪ̫ӣһΪǳӣΪºͣӣ϶ԴѾǲû˵Σ
ѩ뷭ۡ
Щ뵽ˣֻҪ̫ӵûΪ̫޵¶λãҲ֪ҪȶãļԲȶ̫ӱQһգһղͨ
֪⵹ֻԼҿԲˣܲܲ˰ɣ¥ʵ
ѩҪ˵

 108 

¥ʣ
¥ֻǱĽ, ѩ鲻, ⣬ٵȵȣ¥λ, ˶, ҡϴ˽Զ, Ѿûŭ, , ɽɱȻ˶, ȻѲϵѾʼʧˡ
㲻˵¥鷿С˵˫, ȻС˶ιȥ𣿡ѩ, ǸС˻𣿡
ţ¥ʻش, ˾ժ¥
Ͳ뱨𣿡ѩ, , ҾҲҪҧ¥һڡ
ⲻǻʱ𣿡¥ʻ˸ƣѩ, Щ鲻һͣҪһһ, ӪϻΪר¥ݣĻŬͻһЧ, 𣿡
ѩȻζЦЦǹİ
ѵõİ취𣿲һһܴﵽĿģֶΪ¥ϵѾһҳЬ´ߵѩĿѩױƺķ
ûм͸ѩһ֧
Щʧ
ϲ͸ķ𣿡¥ʴױƺȡһ֧ɫѩķ䣬Щί
ѩ°ɫȹɫͷϵЭͷһ壬Եø̧ۣԼױƺһ֧֬
ûʶﲻ׵¥ʼѩѡӣѩ֮Ҫѡ֧ÿ𣿡
ҾûвÿӣҲѡӣǡѩͷ¥ʣεĴϣԼʲôˮƽﶼû𣿡
¥ʣ
ϴ°ɫȹѡɫķѩ˵ţԼ̲סЦͻأɫ䵱֡ѿ
֧ɫķӷȡ֬㻹Ǻúĥô⵹¥ݰɣεĴͲˡ
¥еƣ۹ô
ǵѩȥæʱصʣΪ¥ʲô˲õҪʣ¥ʿھǣҲ·
Ѱ·ͷϴķں嶼һ׼¥ʴδٹģһֱԼ۹Ӧǲġ
¥ʹصһ⣬ǼүֻеˮˣѴֲҪģʲô
˻ʵش𣺡ȷǲģүҪ·ūŸ׼
¥ֹ̧ˡ
¥еˣϣԼʲôǺõģϣѩϲһ㣬ϲһ㣬ôв·ëأ
ëѩͻʧȥܶ๲ͬԡ
ȥûйɫ飬еĻù鷿Ҳ͵ȥ򣬱֪
һĪæӦ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾͵˶ҵӣ壬˽˴æýŲմأһֱæ˻ƻ衣
ǽðĶߺѩ˽Ժشɨɾǰֱѩʰ
լǱһжţū˵һһжǰȥȱˮơ踣
ǷҲ˼ѾˣˣүţҪ蹪
ɩɩˣǻȥɩɩ˵һšѩ
贫껰ͣȥ
ôǰˣѩ˿תͷʳ㣺¥أ
йˣڸү˿ҩأԺ˵Ҫȳԣүźүţ
ѩüͷš¥ʵ˶ЩʱˣźѵʱѩȻأ˿ڶδ³£ƻѿĺۼ
ֻʱûжʡ
ѩվȥԺ
ڸ¥ʵ˿ڷҩһ߷ҩһ̲ס̾үΪ˲ߣడⶼٴν˿˺ˣȥºòײŻĿڱҪܹˣ
డ
࣬¥࣬ΪʲôסɽԺûбߣΪ˰˺ˣѩǸѩ϶̾ͻˡ
ÿѩǸģ¥ʲǷ
ΪԸ⣿¥ʲõص˶һۡ
µȻ֪ҲǱΣ룬ֲǵȴ֮ˣ㼿綼ܿʱôͰһֱӽϳǵòʧе
𣬾͸˵Ĩ˶ҩǶҩֹ˿ϵĹЧҼŬ¥ʵ
Уⶼ뵽ˣ
Ȼأܵиɡ
нŲ¥ʾԵ˶һۣ˵ı˵
нãС鲽ź¥ʴѣʹţ˵Աߣгѩ
ôͻȻˣ¥ʵ
ѩϵѿĺۼԼ˺ģ
ˣ
ѩʵ̫ԼкðζûзӦ¥ʵǵ˹££½󣬵ûŰҰ˿˺ʲô
ѩüң˵ʵ˭˵ƭҵģ
¥ʣ
ְʯͷԼĽŵĸǱһζӣͼǵж˿ЩҷİɣѾƽҩˡ
ѩЦ̿ҪĨҩΪβĨһĶҩĨһֲĶҩ̿Կв𣿡
ô֪ء¥ʼͰ͵ѩͼѩͬ顣
ѩøٲ˵ʵͱɽԺˡ
ǣûжҩԼ˺ģ¥Ҳ룬̳ϣҲǺˣ͵ø𣿡
У
˵õıɱأүҲ̫û˰ɣȻһŮѹģǴ˳ȥ񲻵˵
ȻԤ뵽ˣ׿¥ʳϣѩ̲ס¥ʣвɣ
¥ʴͷ棺Ͳˡ
ѩûӻ¥СĵسһۣŲߣѩ䣬СԺҲ˺ˣ
У
ժ¥պ˭˭µΪһŮ˵ĻģѾôûнڲ˵ˣժ¥
оԼϹˡ
ѩһʱζӣ˿úţ˺ˣҲɽԺġ
¥Ŀһѩ۵ףǱʲôһƵģͷƵܣȭæͻɽԺŰɣȻȥˡ
¥ʿ鲻ãûҶ˵ʲôӦá
ѩ߳䣬˿ڣѹүҲ̫ƺ֪ݣһѩ˵ү׺ⰡΪ£
ѩЦ£ųɽԶߡ
˶ķ紵ϣЩںҡҷӰڳϵ
㣺ôˣ
磬ѡѩ̾

 109 

, , ˵үǲϲҪȻΪҪΪɽԺ˺˿ڣǿѪⰡÿһ˺ö۰ūƽߵʱ, ۵ò, үôܶԼôݣ
ѩЦݿɬԼ, ɼԱֻݡ
¥ΪɽԺǰԼ, һ, ֪վס, ֻΣѩֱ
һգĳɹ, ¥, ֵΣ
ѩֽű
ȴûѩö࣬ū澼үͦõ, ñһֱȥҲδ, ȥϾѾȥ, ҪδǡүݲݣֻҪ, ֻҪһֱþͳˣ˵ǲǣ
ǰ, ͦõġѩ
˵ĲԼٶ¥ʳ飬Ϊ¥ݺδ£ͼ, Ϊԭ¥ʣһֱúõعȥ
ǲܸ¥ʺúõعȥģһ¥ʵÿһãͼԣ¥һõĵúѵ
ر˱۾Ȼ룬Լǲе̡
紵ĳŲѩͷ¥ѾվüЩֵôô죿
ѩ΢΢ЦƯķˮ飺ڵ㡣
¥ϵϣļɽԺߣҹ纮§Щ䣬վ紦Ȼ˷纮Ҫҩˡ
áش
ҹѩѩ𴲣ƿѾѻһ㱡ѩ룬Ѿ˲Ժȥѩˡ
Ա߰ǶүСھͺˣϲѩˣÿʱǶǿˡ
ѩһССѩˣһСñѩ˴ͷϣƬҶ۾֦֦ѾͺͱӣһССѩ˱бˡ
ˣгɾ͸УЦҲлѩԼġ
ٽأϵҪ߶ʱ׼¥ݼκˣǴĲ˭֪¥ڻ᲻ʱ£
¥ݽͬȹϵϣڵȥ˼ҳһš
С£̫
¥ݷúܣˣһߣüĿһõɡ
ʩʩȻ߽ɫĵ籰ů¯߽ų¥£˵鷳꣬
¥ݶסŲ۳Ľ㲢޺ô
Ȼ֪һϵƣһپ٣һ𣬳վڵµȻϣºúõģٵǾŶϸ˵
¥ڻԱ͵˵úͶ鲻˸¥ʴϢ˱˵ҪվһϣЦ
ǵµȻԵΪȡ
˵Щģϲ˵ȥ¥˵ɣΪѩˣ˵˿ڳٳδϣƸû˼㡣¥䳰
۵׻һĨʹ¥ʶѩĲ֪ͬʲô
Ϊڽ̩ϣ¥ˮǿͳʧȥĸˣ¥ĸ׵ĶԻ㳹ն¥ꡣ
¥ʲô
ޱѡ
ԶԭҲָԭˣ¥ʵӣԸ¥ݣ¥ݹ
¥һģ¥ݵùҲùעһһģ˻ʺλãôһ仰顣
¥ݵߣ𣬶Ե¶ԣǼΪ֮£ʶԵʧʱ򣬳ٳûȡʵϲʾͻῼ״飬ǵµһ𣬱˰˵пñӣⴢλñ᧿Σˡ
¥ݾԵصһۣ鲻ҪѱȻףЩĻͲ˵ˣѾˡ
˲ıʿǸıߵģֻЩıʿ˵
ԣ檵˼ǣǰҪظʵʥģֻҪΪã˶Ϊãʲôϵ
¥ǯŪŻ˿̿ûп
Լ˵ϱ˼Ц⣬ڶ˭ҲãҲʲôȳȥˣúøϴּȥЩյ飬ðǿ͵£ʧĿڱȻġ
¥ƳһۣӸģƵЩȻˣ뵽ıʿȻҲ뵽
أıʿǿ᣿ʡ
¥ݵ˲Щıʿǰ⣬տʼʱһͷ𽥵رûκ˸ǰˡ
ȻУıʿֻԾٺˮ˺ӣıʿ´ۣͰƨҷˡ
ǰ˵ģҲֻˡ
ЦЦⲻڽżʲôҲͬģô㲻⣿ñ㻻һ
ߣĨĨ۽ǣȻ¥ݵˣҵ£˵Ѿˡ
ô죿¥ݳԾ
ʼǲԸģǺһฮ֪˸˵ʲôص˵ǺˣԸ⡣
¥żܿʵʩЩ޵޵鷿˯鷿˯޵
ֻ֪ˣǾܡ
¥̫ҪһȹĵλˣòôŻὣƫ棬ΪҪЩʱգû뵽ôͻˡ
¥һ߸һ߱
ˣǺ£ĺȴģʵڲʲô£ɴ˻֤Ů˻ϣȷë
̫ҽˣ¥ʡ
ҡͷûУǻӵˣ֪ô£ģճ檾̫ҽȷһ¡
ȵˣڰɣ¥еȲǸ֪Ҳࡣ
ȥѰ̫ҽ˵̫岻ʣ̫ҽ
̫ҽ̫ҽԺԺûã¸Сģúܿ죬˵ȻһﲻʣʲôӦ
ЩΪػش𣺡£ʲôûθڣ˯
̫ҽһţһߵͷ̶ֵ֣ϲ̫ӵ£ϲ˰
¥¶ȸԾȷŵʣ棿
Ȼģ΢ҽ꣬ϲﲻ΢ȷ̫ȷУǵ²ţ̫ҽԺ̫ҽһ̫ҽ
¥ݿˡ̫ҽл̫ҽˣ汾̫ҽٽʺĸ
źС˷׷°£¥һ֣ǲɢźģͷеô
ǣǸʡ

 110 

ɱ, ڻɱ, ƽѺɱ١
üͷҪĿľ¥ɱǸǴ˳ȥ, ֻ˭ˡ
ΪҪȵºɱǸĲͬ
ξȱ, ڱౣİΣ, Ǳε, ˲, ɱ, 㲻С˻ǸŮҵڶ¥Ƴһ, Ҫ, ѵģ񡣡
ھɱǸ, ȴܷ¥ݵĻ
¥˵û, ˭Ҳ׼һ̥ܲƽ, ƽˣҲܱ֤һǶ, Ƕӣ˵û
, Ǹš¥ݵ
ֻˡ
¥ݱЦļ򣬵Ȼͱһˣ¥ʺ㲻һ·ϵ, ֪Ϊʲô𣿡

Ϊ¥飬¥ݹЦϲ㣬ΪûпĿ
ɫɷףҧҧû
ɾӣѩڳƿѼ¥ʽʹϵ˿ڻδȫϣܶණԲãֻܿѩ
ԵýζʱϹˣָ¥һϢ̫ˣĸλﶼĲƷȥ̫Ӵϲǰȥ̫ҽ
ѩԶĶһ٣Ϊͦģ
¥飬ǰһ࣬ؽ࣬ûаŭϴʱķر
ϲ֪׼˼һʱҲû֨
ѩչԶϢ˰ɣ¸һŰɣϰôˣҲԲ꣬˷ˡ
лϵлȴû
ѩ֪¥ʲͬ⣬ЦЦչﲻؿԶٷѣΪģôС
¥̧̧Ƥɡ
ºѩԸʢһࣺȺȵȵģůůθٳθڻá
ϻǵһθ¥ͬһԷδеţʼղ̧ͷѩҲĪѩʵ鰡
ʡ˵
̫ģλ̫ҽ
̫ҽ̫ҽԺԺѣ̫ҽߺģλ̫ҽ·ǳר̸Ͽ̫ҽܵûΡϻش
ѩؿһۣչǴϻۡ
ˣֻǸʱˣĿȾӦҪЩĳ¥Ͷȥһۣ¥ʵ˼ϣŴľɫҲ֪ʲô
ѩ⵽ϵЦݸˡ
ǰȥ¥ʵʱôû֣λչ￴¥ʵ˲ͬأ¥⹷ˣʲôõģϲ˾Ȼͦģ
ؾ쵽ѩڴæջĿ⣬ڵسѩЦЦժ¥Ҫ죬ȸˡ
ȥɡ¥˵
Щʧ䣬ȴȥ
ѩգգ۾¥ʣ㿴ûУ
¥ʵߴӴջʲô
չϲ㰡˼ҹУҿϲ㣬Ѿϲ˺ܶܶ꣬ϲĬĬزĵף͵ŽһգܷءԵˣԼһι
¥ޱ飺ûŸʶã֪ˣ
֪ҺϤϲҵվҵǰʱ򣬾ϲݡ̰Ҿûп˵
¥ʲ̸⣬ŮϲûһĵǺƣֻʲô̸ģ̸Խֻ࣬Խƶѡ
ϲϲҡ¥
ѩ֪ˣҲ⣬Լģڵʮһ£ʱ㣬Ӧ·ݣ˵¥ݻ᲻ɱǸˣ
ģΪܱ֤һӡ¥ʵ
ѩֻǵѺôãʵеѰ˶٣¥˵
ɩɩˣüԺӿǰ˽Ժһ°һԺԱĲ£Σѩʡ
¥Ŀһæͷá
ѩ˼ڸϣǱ֤аߵ˼ģ򣬸Ǻǻġ
ϲľѩΪææȥˣŬǵõδ
ûʲôΪ붯ĵطͦģܶطпܴġ
ûУһжϲͺãôؽôؽû¥¶ЦݣԺܶġ
ѩҲû㶯Ժ
¥˷ѩ¥¥¥ƻͨѩܾñڿԼֵػͷӭһ˫ɫ۾
վڰſڣԼлһЦĸпˣֵܵùķ΢΢Цֳѩһ
ѩûᣬתߡ
ԱߵС˵Ǳɣ
С˴𣺡ǵģӡ
¥꣬ѩͿʼæȷ޸ķº㿪ʼɽԺֻһСҪԺ䣬˷ԺĶȽϴ
ʵѾۼѩ޽һҲûбԭȵĺֻǷøʫ黭ˡ
ﵽą̨̊́ŸָĻľӴһ·ɽԺߣ仨԰ƵģרɽԺˮԱȦһȦسר÷
ʱ÷ʢļڣ÷ˮΧȦǰ÷мǺ÷ǰ÷һȥƯò˼顣
ԺԺﶼ͹ÿڶͻȫ깤ʱԺﵽǻ㣬ϲòˡ
ϵæ꣬͵ʮµס
ؾǰ꾩ҼһʼŵƽʣȴΪδТڶûʲôѩ°ɫ籰°ɫȹؾţԶԶȥ֧÷Ƶġ
ʮϣʼҼ磬Ծڽٰ̩졣
·뵽ѩ¥ʽ뽻̩ʱ¥ݺѾˣϡʺ̫ûѩ¥̧ʱѩɵسȥ
һЦ٣ȫۡ
˵̫УѩϾƱңңسٱϲ˳С
ѩ˵գͷеľһ
Աߵ¥ʵһݸȵ衣
ѩƫͷü¥һЦлϵƻδȬͲҪȾˣʡ塣
¥ʻһЦ˵ġ
ָⷢȴܵǳѩ¥ʶѩֳıᣬǾļⶼڷʹţϲұ¶֡
ǳǳԱЦʱʱɩᰡʱɩҴδʱ˭ôأĽ㡣
ѩЦʱ绹Ըᣬҷİɣǰ㣬ѰɾɾҲ㼫Ϊġ
ѽʱɩ˵ʲôѽǳǳߺߵתȥʱɩ̫ˣҲʱɩ˵ˣ
ɫ糺صͷһ˼ӡ
𲻺˼ܼ޵ɾɩҾһݴ񣡡ѩЦе
ģǳǳһ˵д񣬶ʱ̧ͷ˫ðѩҾ͵ʱɩĴˣлʱɩ
ѩһЦ
ǰİϰẒ́װѡƻӡȸɫˮ¥һְȥƤŵѩǰ״׵ѩǰƣЦʵˮ𣬳
ѩŽдᣬζá
ô¥ڴǴϳģѩ¶һı顣
ѩܸ棬Цŵ˵ͷ
ٸš¥ˣЦе˵ҲܶԣȻ

 111 

¥ⷬ, ˵˵Ŀ, ˶һĲţȫǰǸѩ΢˾ѱ˭˳۵¥ʡ
˵¥ʰĽ
ѩб˵۵۶ѩӰ, , ٵźѩȲˮ, δһۡ
Ц磺, ̵öá۰Լ, ǲװ, ˵ɽԺЩ檣ɢȥˣ
ѩЦ
¥ʵЩﱾǱ͸ҵ, Ҳû, ҼȻȢޣȻҪųȥ, ԼȥѰõĳ·ҲǼ¡
, Ȼõ, ˣ, һллأ, ҼӾȢһЫĳŮˡ
ᵽ࣬ѩЩȻ˷ʥ޹ֻǺʤǿЩ, ʵҲĺõģֻǹδ˽
ΣһŮӣ̫ǿʼǲõġҲǣ̫ˣǰ˵ˣ㾹Ȼ˵ѹֻᱻ۸Ϊƽ
ѩͷǶ߹ĽãȷҲкõһģ˽֪ܲȴʲô˵ġ
˶ѾˣΪ󣬹ȥ飬ѩѾˡ
ƺѩԸԣתƻ⺢ӣƣΪβͬ¥һҹùðǲǲϲùã
ѩЦЦùﻰֻһʱе㲻Ӧˡ
ˣָ̧˸ǳǳķҪʱɩúѧѧ֮ȼˣ˸ѹ̧ͷ
ǳǳ˸˼ͷ
޺ҧЩŤ¥̤ʼΨһǳѩش𳤹ʻһһʶǶѩ۰
ѩһһЦ߻˸Уʡ
̫ɫǰѿѩߺȻ䵽ϣǲﲻѽǧҪԶЩҲˡ
˱졣
˶˼ѩĹ˭Ҳᣬû˸ѩӵ飬ȴû뵽Լ󷽷˵ˣԶ
ﲻƽϣѩ˵̹̹һĵӣĪǵˮ飬飿
ѹз˵ǣҲԶЩǡ
ѩ΢΢ЦȻġ
˵䣬ϡʺЯ̫ﵽˣ̫¥ʵȬˣ
ػĸ˽һ죬ڼҲûǻòͷɱѾȬˣŽҪ극֮ǰûר̽ĸʰ
Ȭ˱ãҲҪ̫Ųǣˣָվͽ˹ײģˡ
̫˻£ɫһ̩ڹһƬ
ʺ׵ĸٰܳꡣ
ɣôʲô̫ϲ֮飬Ҳ˵˵ҷİɣֻҪǶúõģҾܺúõģǼ磬Ͳؾˡ
ǡ
ʱгǸֶΣСǰº;Ӷ࣬Լʮ֣ұ˴˾ƣｻЦ
׷ǣһһ˳̩
ߵſڣ¥ʴս¥ݼЦȥɱûɱ˱ºʧɣǲǾãˣշֻܳԾ󻼣
¥ݵƵģ˵ʲô
ҲûйϵߵһϢͳɣȥɽԺ֮ǰר˷ų˱ԷļϢΪõɱ»治ʧ¥Ц
¥ɫ࣬ԭǹģ
Уʵǲףôֻ̫أƺ뵽ʲôЦ飬Ŀ⳯¥ݵƳȥζһۣô궼ûкӣǰͻȻˣעסģôôˣòǣʲô鵤ҩ
¥ʼĿΣϵ鱻λεذֱǶ¥衣
¥ݷȻ¥ʣעݡ
ѩ¥ʵ䣬Ц⣬¥ʵЦ˼̫ˣ˼ڲ̫𣬿ɼûġ
¥ݣѩ㡭
߰ɣˡѩش˸Ƿ¥ݵĻ
¥סļ磬ʣ߰ɣĽſ϶ˣȥҸůš
ãһۣЦ˲سȥѩ紵ĶԱûУؼҺС㶫԰ɣһء
ʲô¥ʡ
¥ĿѼϧС¥ζ
ʲôϵСȥ¥ȥЩ˾Ͳóˡ
Զʧ¥ݺһ˱߿Ļ߿һСС磬˭Ҳ岻ȥ
˳ţѩ¥ԣֵʱһ£үһˣǵȥ
ˣѩÿȥʲôˡ
ȥſڵϵ˷ʮϣҸڼֵ꣬ϵ˺٣Ҳûȥܵڽϵˡ
Ǹڵˣ֪ǴﱼģһƼݵӣѾûгԹˣ̽ıϢǻġ
ѩԸȥҽݰɣҩǮˣô¡
ѩس¥ڽ̩ſΪҪ¥˵Щ˾֮ô죿
ᣬ»Ҫһ£ΪǼܲ͸磬֪˵Ļְֻ̻̲շߺ޶ѣ¥ʵ㲻ǲϣȻҪԸ
ѩֻǲݾߡ
ѩϻۣȴ˵¥ˣºƶװģϰߴαߣ±˵ʹȵβ͡˵ЩΪߡŭҪ֪һˣˣ׳
аɣǿͬ˵
ʲԸȴֲòϵʵڿɰ¥ʺңͬôãȻһŴϣȴһֱıӣıӡ
¥һޱҪѩȻɽԺ
¥ʸоԼػѣζֱܸ尾ˣȴûа취
ÿ۾ܿѩѾѾǧģٶѾˣң֪ҹѩ֮ôΪ
˻صɽԺ˲յĹȥ¥ѼС˱˿ѼǸڴε˵˻
մѩѩʮأļݡѹׯڣ˱Ǹ˺ԭΪݴѩݴȥˣ꾩Ѿûнʳ˶ˣ͵˵ϣ֮ǡ
ѩڳԿѼѾֽһȵݸ裺¥ƣûȥСŮҹԡ
лЦŽˣѩȥ
üšһǹӣ¥ʵ˵ݴѩǲǻӰ쵽ճɣ
ѩׯڵеׯڶˣ껹ʲôճɣּľͲˣݵİǹˡ¥ʸ̾
ѩ

 112 

, ô, ˼ģȻ֣ؿЩնġ¥ʸ˸ķ
ͲǰԤĵķ𣿡
ѩ, ݶ, ׯڵʲôֲ, Ԥ
ǰأ游˵, ǰҲֹĵ, Ϊѩ, ûɣݿʼּĵʱ򣬳͢ͻʳȥ, ʱ, ѾкЩ˶ˡ
¥е㲻ζû
ΪʲôҪصأּ֮ǰ͢˹ȥ, Ͳаն˰, ݵĹԱ, ӦԤ⵽׻᲻ּĲǡ
ȥ˽ּһġ
ѩԿѼĶ˶, żس¥һۣȥ˽ݸʲôΪ㰡
¥ʧЦѩһе, ЩһֱĬû̫õóֵҪ¥ݷͥȻñ֪汾², η
ȥݣ
ѾŸӧǰ֣ݵ֪Ǹ̰٣͡
أ
¥еͱ֪ˣԼõ𣿵ʱǰݣһԳ̰һֻ֣ҪúãȻͻ˶Ŀ࿴
أ
¥ʿĮĮС¶첻ãͲҪȥλˣҲܲңҶԳ˽⣬ԣֵ
ѩ
ת뵽¥ݣҿһ䵽ͷϣ¥ݵ´ɱ㣬Ȼˣ˻ֻ¥ݵ¥ݱ㣬ʧʥģʱľʥģԼԣֻҲҪӧǰݡ
¥ƶȥɡ
ΪΣ
¥һЦΪһһݴġ
аɣѩȫûԼ֮أش˸ǷδĿѼƵ¥ʵǰԼ԰ɣȥϴԡˡ
¥ʿǰѾѩԵòĿѼЦá
гһŵϰףԳһԼҹȵ˳ѩ˽׼õװһԼ¥һǰꡣ
ɽǼڣȻȥ̫̫̫밲̫̫̫棬ҷֱɽ
˵һ꣬ĳҪ¥ʺѩ¿ͷ˰̫̫̫ɽһ˸һ
¥Ѿܶûյˣһʱʣһֱ﷭ȥؿǺһ仨Ƶġ
˳˲֪̫̫༸ӿ¥ʵʱɫã¥ʵίǾΡ
͵һʱһ˶ǲӭģԭѾȴָˣֻ
ľѩҲΪѩ޸ܿˣֻҪѩͷεغãǾͻٴνġ
̫̫Це˺ĺµһҲúúõİǳôãôûжʲôʱܸ̫ﰡ
ѩ˸ͷȥƲ
¥ƤЩػشĸģҺѩһŬģǲ֪ĸϲкһЩϲŮһЩ
ϲǼûлλҪ̳УкŮֻҪѩģǺúӣ̫̫ƺ뵽˱ζ̲סЦ˻
ѩ
ɽЦЦ̫ЦһʮΣ̫̫ҶЦЩĪôǲø𣿡
̫̫ģ¶Цݣⲻǻû𣿵Ȼ˺ٸҲ٣˵ǰɣ
˵̫̫Цǳ飬ż
˵䣬˪Ҵܽܵ¥ʵǰ¥֣Һأ
¥׼ˣóһݵϣһݸ˪
˪Ҫˣ¥ʣؾص񣬳¥ʵлл򡣡
¥Цѩñ㶮ˡ
ѩ̫̫̫̫˵̫̫ԺţҪ¥ʽգ¥ȻֻܴӦ˪ط˯ȥˣ̫ɽȥԺ
̫̫ͺѩ˵֪Ļţ¥ǰǴͬˣǰҴ۾￴꣬ǽգȫ㡣
ѩţȴȥ
ôϲ㣬㲻ˣֵ̫̫㷢¥̬ȲǰȵģĸΪʲô㵽ôģ
ѩЦĸ¥ˣ̫ƫ
ҪģͻȥõҪģҪôŪҪôϲң֪Ҳ֪ܲܳܵϲѩ̾
˵̫ˣ鰮ֶٲ
ֶɱˣҲܳɾˣһΣ˵ʹ飬Ѿ㹻ˣԼĴ㣬¥ߣڡ
ֻҪãһֱȥʲôܵܲģ̫̫ͬǺ飬ϲ㣬ֻҪ㲻˺һֱã㵽ʲô
ѩס̫̫֣ĸж︣ҵ飬ͱˣÿԺôáֺõ
̫̫˽ԼŮ֪Լ⣬Լ˵ٶҲã̾˿ΣֻҪúñɡ
ѩ̫̫˵˻ȥԺԶɽֵڣǸҲ£ů壬ѩȥźģԼź
ڸĸ˵ôˣɽʡ
ѩ˸Ҿ游͵ˣôˣһܹ
ԶźЦҿ²ֻڣһźĶȥ
ѩͷѽŮȻרǵģ˵ֻ˳
ɽЦã˵ʲô㵹˵˵
ѩԱɽҪӣæֹôİⲽôأӦҺˣֵñ游仨ˮ
龫ҿЦҵģ˵ɣʲô£˵˸ϽߣҺ游塣ɽߺߵ
˵˰ѩһ¥Ͷ˳Ѿա
˻£ɽΪ⣬Զȴһϵģ̫ӼȻܰɱȻݲģֶΣǵ׸֮ˣȻѡ̫ӴӴ֮λ򣬵̫ӵǻһҪԸ¾
ô¸㣿ɽʡ
ֹ飬ʲô鶼ңԺȫƲҲԼҵġ˵
ǽ飬ȴƽͣԶɽ֪Ľỹڡ
ɽ⣺ΪѾ뿪ˡ
ұҪ뿪ֻ뿪ǰܵЩ𣬷ͻȻˣ¥ǲŵģ游͵ǰҶһˡ
˭Զʡ
ժ¥ϣ¥¥Ĳҵȥ¥¥˼ʱңҵü
¥ʵ£Ǹɱ˲գ۵ģʲôԶ

 113 

ȻĿ, ʱϸ游͵˵, ѩһһɽİӣԶ, 游Ķ, Ů, Ұһسӣ
ɽ
, ѩ¥ϻظ
˪ĺ, һ, һ˵ĺһǧƱ, Ʊӵ, ɽ̾ôƱʲô
ܸʲô벹ɽһ
ôʡ
ŮһǧкβףúŰ, ܵ, ɽ, Ѿߴˮ־, ЬϣСƫ, ѩʼղףҪˡ
Ҳ֪ƫ, ѩ뿪ˣ᲻
ǲᣬɽҡҡͷûѩ飬С飬֪ѩǰвҲйߡ
ᣣϣ˵Ķġ
԰ֻǵŮѩأûпǹѩĸܣ뿪ǻػأûУһʳԼüͷȴ˸ᣬѩûи𣿡
ѩûи飬ѩҪ뿪ǰ뿪ǣɽһԸΪȣģؿǡ
룺˵Ҳǣôʲô
꣬ѩðʣķ֪˸Ľ˰ѩڳ˼ǰ߶Ľͣǹ˻԰ӣֵģʮֿġ
˴´¥ʵͬȥ꾩ǣʮ֣ȥϷ¥Ϸȥ¥˼ϲĶȻȥ¥˿Ѽ
źѩЩ¥᷿˯˴磬Щϣ¥ȥơ
ѩϳѾϡ
ƽɽ˺ѩ˶߶ûóţǰͷ¥ںͷѩۼطִ߹Ĺﶼһͷض¥ʿ
ֶߵģѩϲעĿһߡ
ͷ¥ʹָͷ
¥ʹԹƻԻͣͫﵹӳѩСӰѩż⣬߸ϣסֻʣֻ۾
ѩļ磺ˡ
¥վֱ壬ѩߵַ⣬ߴЩᣬŲλãΪθҴߣ
߱˶ҿҲϲ˶ſѩִǺ«СһǺ«¥ʵǵøǮ
¥ʣѵǶҿ𣿡
ѩƿɴҧһǺ«ϲǶ㿴𣿡
¥Ҳ֪ȻϽشûУϲֻϲ㶢ҿĲеĻŮģҶϲ
ѩЦЦûнӻǰߡ
ϵŻƣ˲µգѩһ·¹ȥһһ׼ֱ¥˫ֶòµĻˣǿˣظ
ѩһ죬ˣɽԺϴԡЪ£ܿ˯ˡ
һΡ
ĴѩһŲȽѩѩûֻţϣֽĺ䣬ܹ˰ףѩ׵ɫͷ׷ĴѩΪһ壬˺¡
ɽԺԺһںײģܹȥܵײĵǰ֪¥ʣţɽ˹ײ
ѩѹײ˿¥ݺݵһ٣ǲв
ǲв
ڹײǰͣسﶪֽǮѩɫ̤࣬߹ȥһű㽫ǻߵԶŭʲôֽǮûأ
ѩþˣһ㱡ѧǺ۾ѩĨûˣүѾûˣүĵȥɡ
ѩĺݺݵؾ
˵ʲôôɽȥǲ֪ûǸҰѹײ˿Ҫ
ûõģ˵үѾȥˡ޵Խӿ
ѩţԼѾ˿˹ײģѩ׷ײ¥һɫѩһףºѩȥһָʹһǵıǲǻ˸е¶ȣ˵ġ
¶ѩָⷢ䣬ʱɫҲ׵һ
ôˣ
ش˻ߵĿ̫ˣ롣
ڵҹѩȻӴ͵ƻڼžȼգϰߣϲҹǵŵƣһֱ
¥ʷĺ󱳣ôˣجˣ
ƹƣϣֶǵĿѩĺݺݵս۾гһ϶ص񿴵¥һϡ
ôˣʡ
μΪˡѩعǵģǸξμ¥Ϊˣ޿ɽ˹ײˡ
֪¥ɱϢӱ޸ϻȥȴѾˡ
ˣʬ嶳˱
ѩŵûͻȻס¥ʵ֣ľֻδɢȥ㲻ɣ
¥ʵһˮḧѩķ͵Цֻһζѣζǵģ¡
أѩʡ
˵ֲĻˣҲģҷİɣޱϣϸţˡ
ѩҡͷϲ֮飬˭֪ᷢʲôأ
ĿƵضƷҪõһ𰸡
¥ʿЦ΢΢̾˿һ죬Ҳú£Ȫ·ϣ㣬ţұţˣҾһ𡣡
ѩԣɫɷף˵ʲô
¥ʼˣԴˣ˯ɣ˵ֲĻˡ
ɻȥѩ£΢ѩĵܸž꾩鴦ˣҾȥߣȥҶ㡣
ѩ¥˵ҪУ˼ءš
¥ʼûų⣬˯ˡԲԲ
ѩȴһʱ˯ţҹþˣԴЩ󵽵ʲôʱ˯ŵĶ֪ʱɫѾˡ
㼸ѾԺѩ¥￴飬ѩź˱ǰͳ˵ʱһˣ˱µģĲҵѾ˴룬һСתУⲻһ£ܽĲҵȫˡ
һ߿˱һߴ̣ܼС
¥۾ëһһģСӣΪɰѾ߽裬ѩ˼ң¥ֵ
ϳʱ򣬳Ȼἰ¥ʵ
ѩˣҰʱҸ׺游к׻ڳƳһѵģ游Ҳ˽¶Щϵٳ¡
¥ʡšֳ̫֧Ȼá
Ǻ£ᣬЩԸվڳҲã̫ܺӷֳӺ磬ֵʱ򻹿Աˡ
Ȼ¥˵һϳգǰ֡
̫ǼʥĵʱڹһõĿڱ̫Ըóȥվӧ
˵ʱϳһƬ̫ͬȥͬȥ̫Ӻͳ˵һͨ˵ȥòͷ飬˳
ѩõϢʱͶ¥ʵҾ˵¥ݾԻ
¥ʣٸҲȥɡ

 114 

ѩ˸, , ԼԺȥѾǶѩˣѩ˶ѵһʱܹܹˡ
ѩȥ, ްñİܹ˫£, ŲҴҵⷽ, ѩ, ԶԶسѩ, ɽԺݡ
ѩ², Ҳݡ
ܹܹھûģ״̫Сĵһī̫ӵ·, ͱ̫ϳȥ˫, ˳ڡ
ѩԣü, ¥ʵԱ, ¥ʽů¯ݸ, ѩʵأ
¹̫, ҽӣѾȥ, Ѿ˻ϵĶˣܹܵǸ״̫ӵˣ˾á
¥ʵȥ, Ȼ˶ţȥæɡ
ܹܹȥ
ȼ˿̿ô䣬ѩԱߣʵӦΣհɣ˱ûУ
ھã״¥ݣ飬Ȼɵľ¥ݣǸȫĵطûΣա
ǾͲһˣѩ㵽û˱
Ȼеģ¥ʵЦѩ᲻޹ۣģѾź˺·°ʳǵġ
ѩŷġ
¥ΪһС¾Ϳ˼ҵ˫֣̱Űʵ£˵ѵ⹬˵鶼У¥ⷬΪϲȥֵģѩһӣһûĵĻӣȥ֣Ц𣿡
õӷһ¥ʣĺõ¶òġ
¥ʽӣӱһˡ
ʱ¥ݾ͹鷿ڣӣȼ̿ůģ¥ݵĶͷһϸϸܵĺҲ֪ǱȵĻǱġ
飬ѾˣǸС̫ԣ㻹ʲôҪ粵𣿡Ͻӷŵһߣ²ʡ
¥˿ʿˮصС̫ŪǳһֵǧֵƣʱǱͷˣԼ˵ʲô֪֪ˣ󸸻𷣡
̧ͷˣԼ˵ʲô֪
¥ݺȻʶԼ˵ˡ
̫ӰǴδĻϣµˣƿ˵֪ˣ½Ӧ˼УΪһСͷͿ˱˵˫֣ǲǾͻΪ˶ײֱժԴأ
žϽϣʡ
¥ŵһ
ҡҡͷæڹ£ڹ̣ܽ޵Ĳǣٻ֪ǸԳֵģǶԵҲºôǱ󣿡

һ̧֣¥ݵĻλãΪѪΪɱһ·ˣ˵ʲôҲҪסѪ㵹ã޷֮ΪɽԺ飬㶥޾Ͳָ֪ʹ
¥ֵŻϣʣԩ
Ϸһۣԩԩ֪ضԡֻΪ˾㣬ʲô˶ţʲôÿﶼԼļƽϡֻƽûаڵΪ̫ӣǴԲû˵ָ㡣
¥ɫࡣ
ϵͷۣһʱûټ˵
Ǹʣ̫״֮£˹ƵģҪԶκ¥ݲĵ˵
Ȼ֪˹ڶԸ㣬֪ܶ˶֪ΣǸָ̫ʵ㲻٣ѵʵ˵𣿡ȻûԸ㣿
Ͽһۣ߹
ȥޡվ
ĺ¥ݶԣָָϴɽԺĴɱʺΪ˸飬ǸλãһҹҲٻȥɡ
¥ݾʣ
УٴδĻݵͱˣסˡ
»ٲ¥ݽʲôת鷿ȥ
¥ȻصϣĿնŻ뿪ķкһʱеػԼ̫֮λѾҡҡ׹ˡ
ҹδЪϢ
޵ڵȼգķ֮ʣйŮߵ˵Ҫ档
䣬ʱضϢģ˳ŰɣϹȥ
Ů˳ȥ
վһ˳ߡᱡ׵ӣͷڣһѳʮ壬˿ʵÿһȴǿӢ
֮⣬˻һص㣺¥ݵ٣ơ
Ҳ¥ԭ֮һ¥ݳ񣬽ĺӣм¥ݵӰӣ˾ð㲻¥ݣͽɡ
¥˵ûһʵģʵ졣
买֣Ϸ¹鷿һҹҪϲܻϸ壬ЩЪϢ
Ϊ̫״¿˫ֵ£š
ⲻһС£ûõĶŪ˳˫ֶģΪ¾ͷ¥鷿һϣʵ˷˼
Ŀϣ˵ǵġ
üͷ»ûķԸ
ϸ壬øеĺ鲻زģ˵еĺӲҪģֻҪƽºӣһв
ɫѵ֪ˣ°ɡ
䳯ſȥߵſڵʱֶסŲõл˵
죬Ӳҡҡͷ
ɽԺ¥ʸմԺշ࣬ŵҲ࣬ȥԺصɽԺʱҹɫЩˡ
Ҽŵƣ¥߽ȥѩǰд֣һֺּ֣㣬һˣŲ̧ͷ
ﴫϢϷ¥鷿ϣҲ׼ٲݵ飬¥ʴЩ΢Ц⣬һ͵ĺƵѩΣ
¶òѩ佱
Ϊһ·Ϳֱ۵ѾôС˾֪ºѾ˺ˣȹϵϣܵҪţ¥ʸԼ˱ȣѾóȥݰ
£ѩ㲻⡣
ƯԼķ𣿡ѩдõ
źüĻţǰıߵģ飬ЩĻ취ҸѣεˣԷ⡣
ѩͷǵ㻤ȥ
ǲУھУʱڹ͹߶꾩ĲѰ鼰ʱ¥ʵ
ѩеʧûпȫ
ȥݣ¥ʿ˼
ûȥȥⱲӻʲô˻ȥʶʶû뷨βȥԺʱȥɡѩ
Ϳˡ¥˵
ѩЦЦûӦ
Ԫ¥ڱǮǰݣ¥ûȥվ¥ߵ飬Ŀǰ֪ѩˣ¥ȴ˯
ѩԸ˱¥ʣԼѾȥ¥
¥ƹļˣæӭķһֱأүԸˣԺǷʹãٽӴˡ
ѩЦЦ¥ʻͦĵġ
ѩֱȥ˰䣬ƹĸݺò裬ѩȥ°͵ȥſţϾ̸ҡ
ɽ˵һ¥

 115 

˳ȥ, ſ, ʱ󣬳ţ, һ¥ȥ, Ҫūȥ𣿡
, Լȥѩվ
, Ȼ, ԳƵ˫, ߵ¥ϣϻչ
ϻͷ, ͼǰŮӶ˶˵վ¥ݿ, ͷϵ֬Ө͸ĵļ͸, ʢʻƵ, 
Щ 
ѩգգ۾, һӣЦ, չҲ
Ҳû뵽￴ѩǰ, ѩֵ¼
չˣ߿չ£Һȱ, ѩЦеģչ
ȻŹӽѩĻᣬѩ˰䣬ţ裬ѩĶ
ʵ֪º£
չʱŽ书Ȼܸ߰ɣ֮¥Σѩʡ
Ȼܺȣ洫Ѱ˶Ķ֡
ʲôǲѰģ
ȻڲѰһ࣬꾩ԼֻнͳǿϼٸغϣҲĶ֣ʲôϵ
ѩŷ֣еƫյˣһǺ棬ʣҿչŽӢʮ㣬ЩĽ
Ѻ˿ڲ裺㲻֪ԴɽԺ¥̺¥ʺʲôΣգ뾰бҰΣʼǸӣбһŮˣ㣬Ҳ󷽱㣬Ҿ룬书ͺˣ㲻˱ˡ
ĥѩĻ
صЩ¥ȫԻش⣬ʵûбҪԼ˵ЩԼ
ժ¥ȥһǴСã
ߣռ¥ʣջʵ̫ˣϲܾժ¥ԹţҲʲô飬ÿնС
չ㿴ڿʼ䣬ü𣿡Цʡ
ѧЩèĹǿԣɱֹУֻ·һϵò㣬һŮͳˡ
ЩѰɣһ书ߵĲңĹĸңѩЩźҡͷվ˰ɣ뾾ͽúˣչһذɡ
ѩſȥĬĬţһ
ϵ
ѩͷٵķдżֲ⣺չﻹ£
ϹֵԸΣ
ժ¥ңǴСЩѩϣչԸ⣬ȻǶõġ
Ը⣬ֻҪͬ⡣
ѩ΢΢Цˣǰ̧̧ϵ֣˵ãһ¥ʺ˵ģչˣȻȥϢɡ
ͷϲãѩۻժ¥
ѩصɽԺʱ¥ʸùţ￴飬׼õů¯ݸʵ䣬ȥʲô
ߣȥ¥⣬չѩѾÿľˣů¯¶ָ¶ȣ˵¡
˵¥ʲ˲̿
ǸӣҲϲңչҵŮˣЩΣѩʡ
ʹˣ
ʹˣ˵һָǾԸģԸ⣬˵ժ¥¶࣬ڲѩ˵ķʽͬ𣿡
ϲǱɡ¥ЩΣȻרȥϣȻ׼ģǲͬ⣬Ҫˡ
鰡֪϶⣬ר̽ŵǰ
¥ɬ롣
±ϵڶձɽԺˣ¥еĴ󽫣ժ¥ѩȻѾסһר̽ԷʰסˣѾߺ衣
ͳѩⷬΪȫ⣬Ϊû£벻ͨ
ū治ףչʲô֪չү˼ⲻڸԼ鷳𣿡㽫ƿĻԱߵͰµĻ֦һݵ˵
ѩڶ˱̣ԣĵػش𣺡ҲڸԼ鷳ڸԼҾǡ
ҲԳΪľǰֻʱŻϣʵûзʲôū治ףͲˣչҽǸԼһз𣿡㰦̾
Ϊϲ¥ʣҲģϲ¥ʣһҪءѩ̴žž죬Ǳ໰ˣСĸǽж
һۣоǼıʲô
Ժѩϵ𽥶ʱҲˣ¥ʺܶʱ򶼿ˣ֮£еһ
ѩ̣ȥԷϣЦֱĿϸַ
չҰΣģˣ˿סڷԷʲôҪľܸǣ߽ѾתҲСѩЦеġ
Ͼ֣ѩ̬Ҳ̫ЩβͬҲֻ¥ʵ£ֻǲҲֲĵչˡ
񰮣ֻһˣгסˣİѾǶõģлϵ
ͺãһҪһˣʱѾ߹㡣
ǣʱǲ
ѩϵļϵĿͲɵرѩָȥָ˳ƵģƯò˼飬ϼŮûһҲаǧˣȴûһѩƯָ
ɵؿԼ֣ΪָȫǼӣ˵ϸ岻˶٣϶ʱĽòˡ
жʱһͷѩͺˡ
ͷһðϾ䲻ش˸Լ뷨ֱֲ̫ˣôаأ뷨ذȥ
չôˣѩǵʡ
û£͵ػҡҡͷֻǺȻÿµģȫǼ룬һʱ񡣡
չﳤⱼй˲ԼòʱŮ˵ֺҪĻģߣҽһЩţչͻԽԽÿˡѩ
ŵлл
ѩ˵ЩųصɽԺ¥ʾɽԺ￴ţǰŻ裬ӳյð͸죬СƵġ
˭ţѩʡ
ģݣݵ֪̰۵ɣҽ޴֪ݵش߾ԱȮ˵ĵ̣֪̰ףֻ»Ȯ˻Щᡣһ潫ϢдȻϵָʾһڰв̽ǻϷȥȳݵ̰٣ݵİգֵʺٻصãڳϾܻվȽŸˡ¥ʵ
վȽŸô׵һ鰡ѩš
¥ʽֽڻˣӳѩ۵ף˫۸ٷƣȻĶ
¥Ƴһ۱㲻Ҷ࿴˵ȴȻԽЩ

 116 

ڱϾ̫ƽʢ, , Ҳô¥ΪϾ˭¥ʵƽƽ̫ӵλ, һΪǳ, ΪгǸҴ˺, , ûжֶε, Ҳڻɳ˴ɱҵ, ֮ˣһ̫ƽʢĴ, Ȼ㹻ˡ
ŻѾ˼¥ݵ, ԭα¶
˵¥ЦЦѩ, ϻ, ״δ㽭ͳ, 鶼˽̫ǳˣʵҪ⵹һЩ, ķѾеĹ򡣡
ѩ죬˵Ůӵ̫, ָҲܵة׸֮ģչͼ츣񡣡
¥̲סЦǣˣ
ѩڳЦԼ, Щʣ㲻ţ
¥ɫıһػشǣֻǾ棬ҴδĸŮģȷҼģŮӡ
ѩõޣˣ֪ͺá
¥ѹȥЦ̲ס˳ЦЦţеЦˣģ¥ѩ̫ˣе˶Ȼʧɫ
ŮӣҪץסʵ̫ѣ̫̫ˡ
ǻûʧһҪʧȥҲܾãһ̣Ҫʧȥֻ̿ĥ̻̲
źѩϵıµỌֹ̈̄ѩûбĿģտ˳㷭˷ո˲ᡣ
˲ᷭ꣬ʱ磬·Ϸ¥ʱѩһʱѪϷ¥Ϸ
̨ϳϷ࣬ϷҲȤǽԼ̤࣬ȴ̿ͰɱΪӶ̿ͿһĹ¡
ѩϷü
óȥⳡϷ˭ŵģػǬŶӡ
ѩ
ŵ˵Ŷӻ˺üϷ⡮ޡֻһСơ͡Ů
Щʮֶ죬ѩΪӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬óȥϷһ֣Ѱ˶ͳˡơ͡ŮϷȻѩϣƳľ¥ʵ¥ȾƵ¡
ǡŮľ¥ඪ¡
ѩûЩϷ֪¥澹ȻǸôġ
֬ǳü纬߰÷̧ɽѩЦõ壬һЦǣɽӹ֬׷Ь䣿
¥ڸҳң
򽿽һ¥˵͸࣬ΪʲôΪ̫ˣķͷʲôҲķͷ
¥ʲҲˣȻôö֮ȥ˼ҹ˼ҹﲻŹ֡
ѩĥţ¥ʵʵ˵е۹ķݶϣǸܵ˹ƽˡ
ȽϺǣǬôЩϷˣ
Ա˳ŵû
ѩ֣ϾʹĶǬˣſڡ
ѩſȥȻǬһɫĳ壬һȣϣ˵ӡ⼸쾡¡
ѩ°ͣȥŶ
ȥ󣬵ͷǬ˵˼仰Ǭͳⷽ˹󲽳ѩֳѩ񣺡
ѩЦŶɡ
ǬлѩѩЦŶӺر°¥ʵ飬ϷĮ̇ˣ˵ÿæųԺζģӰæгʱЩ£ˡ
Ǭ⡱һ
ڨڨЦЦֵˣⲻµ˼ү˼ǰЩʱգ˲ǶڴүĽ̫үЩ߰Ļﲻˣ°ŶһЩ˵ͣүĶ¼ʲôܣ΢һһĥͼӵףдϷģϷ̨ЧȻ
Ǭ˵ţЩ˼ϲϲǼϷĶ࣬»С׬һأҰҲû˵үˡ
Ǹ÷ӡѩǬ˵꣬˼
÷ӣʲô÷ӣǬһãȻ
ѩƳһۣ䣬Ǭһ㶣Īѩǿ󣬾ѩԸԺ󶼱ˣҲϲ
ǬʶءŶһ
ˣλֻûʲô飬˵ʱ΢΢ЦģЦ̫ǳ̫ǳ۵ףᵽʱҲûʲô顣
ϱʱﶼŹ⡣
ǬȻеѩȻһŮˣŮȢؼǸԼ¶ҪԼ֮ϣԼñûϣȢһƽŮˣƽŮԼдڸС
Ǭ֪ûдڸУǽƾѩոǱһۣǬ֪ŮֻԶ۲棬Ǹǲġ
£±ˡٿʱǬࡣ
ѩ˲裺ɡ
ѩصɽԺ¥ȴڣʱɫѾҹźģѩѾóȫȨ֪̰۵顣
ѩƵӦ
¥ʼԣʵôˣ
û£Ǿ̫¥ˣ֮ǰ鶯ֵ̫Сˣеϧ
ϧʲôҪĲǰοٹοο񣬰ֻԼܷԱůģʲô¥ʵ
ѩЦ˵Ҳǡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾͵˶Ѯ¥ڴݿӱ޸ϻأ󲿶ͺһ·ʮ̿ʹɱڽ꾩ʱԷۿ꾩Ҫ־ˣǳ˺֡
¥ڴ߰˸˵ֿʮ´̿͵İɱʮֳЩһеʱһƮƮǰѴ󵶣ǰѴ׾ٵؾһŽǺ´̿͸߷˳ȥ
Ǵ̿ײһϣ֦ĺ󱳹ᴩǰأʮˡ
¥һϲʵܣ
¥ʿûʱϻΪ̿źܿΧ£¥ʵӰڴ֮̿䴩󣬿쵶նƵģɨȥ̿Ǿͷ׷׵ˡ
¥ΪԾ˵¥书⻰治٣һο¥ʳȴȻ벻˭¥书ġ
¥ʽ˴̿ͣðײϵѪ¥ڹֵ֡
¥̧̧֣ˣֵ֮䣬ò˿ʱҹƵýˡ
ݲ̰۰꾩ƱҪżģǲϣֽ֤ûϣȻҪس֣һ·ˡ¥ʵ
¥ЦЦҲֵã߰ɣһ·һ·˵
¥ЦʣӭңǾ֪ҵˣ㲻˵ʱδ𰡣ҳǵʱ㶼ҡ
Ϊǵʱʱ죬ʱֻվ˳ҲֻУΪΪ̫ǱվסţŻᱻѡ֣ȻЧңڲͬˣض飬Եվͷ򡣡¥ʵ
ܶ˶ǰͷ·Ҫ˿·߳һõ·ܲܽϣڱ˵ϣֻԼվˣ˵һܿͻеڶ󻹻иˣ½½վġ
ңҲµٽŵĴɱֱʣ³ֲר̳ӭġ¥ϣͷֵ
ã¥ЦЦϵ֤ݺҪһ·ҽɡ
ǡ¥ʵ
ûָ֤˭ʱʵöˣ˵ļɵͲ¼ɣϵλòվڻߵˣ

 117 

¥λ, ¥¥, ǽĻʵֵۣܣ´, ¥Ϊ, Ҳ
¥һ·¥͵, ¥ڵ, ҾͲȥ, һȥ, Ҳʡ
䴩ź, Ѫ, ¥ڻŵϵѪζѪȽͲϹ, ¥Ҳһȥ
Ȼȥ, 顣
¥ڵ, ¥ʾֱɽԺ컹, ȼŻ裬¥һ, ѩŵһѪζüͷʱš¥ʡ
ڿ¥ʺɫ·ǰڵɫЩľš
ô£ˣѩЩ١
û, ¥ҡͷһ߳Էȥڳɱߵ̫٣жԷҾͰŽˣմȾĶǱ˵Ѫ¡
·ϰһһģȥĿġ
ѩЩڣԴתһȥʵأ
ʥˣ¥ʽ·ߵǽǣתԡԡﴫ䶼֪ұˡ
¥¥ЩȾѪ·óȥˣӦ¥ʵĻҲãͷվڳǱߣȻͻ½½վӪ
ϴԡ¥ЦˣѩطӦʲô˼
Щ̿ʲôˣûУѩʡ
¥ʵ˵ˮ˭ݵ֪̰ôӣǴﳭȴ࣬˵ôӣȥˣ˭Ȼ˭ĻʹԼ
û˵
ûʣЩ飬ᣬҾͲʣʡġ¥ϴԡĶǳ죬ܿͰԼͷϴɾˡ
·ȥź¥һźŴ£һߺѩ˵֪ѾѺˣԼպܵ⡣
ѩҾ·ϡ
˾ˣѾõ֤ݣŻˣν¥ĮĮÿӣԡ߳
ͷʪģûиڣͷɢţͷٸ¥ʴڣ¥ױǰ̫ʦϣӸͷ
ѩů¯߹ȥů¯ݸ¥ʣ¥ʱţԼӣվ¥ʵ󣬸ͷ
˵úܣҴǶˣϢȥ
¥Щ£û뵽ѩͷַŵλϣĿڣţҪĿڴˡ
ѩ۵ָỮ¥ʵĶ¥ʲɵս£һ飬һҶľżš
£¥ûйϵ
˵¥ɤеƣ̰ڶ֪࣬ҪλãҪڳа㣬˵˻٣һʱҲֲ嵽˭
ѩͷӽͷϵˮɣԲЩʧ
̫йؾͺˡ
¥˼κȻȥһ˳
¥ھȹϵϣӵüϢһⰵɱĴ̿Ͳʧܣһڶûݵ֪ݽպѺ¥Ͷ˳ģѽ֪̰۵֤ݳʸ˻ϡ
¥ݼֱͷö˵ͷ
ɣ¥ķ
ԭȻǻɵʱͱ¥յ£ǰλְ¥ݾͶøϵòȥѮ¥Ѿˣ¥ݵǮӡ
꾩ڰ£ҪǮɼ¥ݵҪԣǮûˣ¥ݾһ
¥ݵǰԶأ̫ӵ°ϳ
˵õף㣬ôֽôɾأȻ֤ںˣΪ¥ֻȥ֣û뵽˳ʰǲĿģѾе֤ݶʸ˸ʣñΰ㣿ѵҪȥʵ鷿͵𣿡¥û
ⷽøٵˣȻʮ꣬¥ݣµ˫Ŀͨ졣
ǣϳô찡̫ӵ¸ϳָһ·
¥ȰοҲ𼱣ܻа취ģûжͻлأȻȥȽȥ̽̽ʵĿڷ硣
һ¥Ҫʱϣͷϳл̫ӵ£ϳԸΪ̫ӵ¾Ϲѡ
¥ݰڰ֣֪ģȥɣȥ
ߡ
뿪˽վ¥ݵ󣬰¥ݰ˰̫Ѩ£ˡ檶죬ǾȲˣΪ졣
¥ͷ۵±⣬Ӿͺá
˵¥ݻͷһۣѾˣƤѺԻ߼Ҫ˷ţϴκûбסԼ͸Сģǹټ
ԼѾͨˣԼ¥ʵײһϵģͳվ¥ߡ
˵Ͷ˳¥ݵɫСʡ
¥ЦôĶȥѩ¥ȻܺͱվһϣԭΪ¥Ǹֵģû뵽Ǳˣߣûôף¥ó⵹Σ
ŭ֮£¥һ֣ϵĹҤѾͱӵ˵ϣˤķѡ
һ
ģ̫̫ڳ꣬Ҽˣд󳼣ʮɵõָּ̫ѩŮֻ̫ҲһͶ˳ˣֻ³ѾվڳǱˣǵ˵ɾͲðˡ
Ҳ֪鲻ð죿Ϊ㣬̫뱾ΪУûлźӣŮ¥ھơ
ѩж⣬Ҫǣѿʼλã¥ݵ̫֮λҡҡ׹ǲ˴ѹȥǶ군
򱻱
һ˼ң뵽ô࣬檼ѩ˳ۣȻֻΪУ¾ͱˣЩ񶼲Ҫģ˶ҵûСתƻ
Ҳ֪һ˼Ŀǳˣ鲻ҪģúðѺˣ¥ȥſڵʱֺȻסŲͷԵضһۣˣô˵Ӧ
ͷ֪ġ
¥ߺ˫Щ飬Ůȥ£ûһСǯӽ̫ӵȥ˹
ô£ȻҪȥҹġ
ĴǼѣ̫ϲÿȥ̫밲̫ûкɫҲϲҽ֮󣬹ΪΪ˶Ըһѩ̫̫ĳУЩУӰ̫ӵĴ֮λʺͲˣһϵġ
˶ʮ꣬ڵ¾ȾܾүףݺѩʱգҲˡ
ֻ·ȥһֱȥ
ź¥׼صȥ˳ʱ¥ڸմӻʹ֪¥ʹҪ˵ֱ鷿
¥ʵصҳ֣ʡ
ʲô¥¸¥ʵ˱裬֪̰۵İӣ
ʵ֪ºܿͻҲǺżѩ֪¥Щ˼ӣȽż֪¸̫ûйϵ

 118 

ֱӵĹϵ¥ڵ
¥¶ϲɫ, ̫ӵǮ, £òлָ֪, ȸ, ѩһȥء
żʲô, һ¸¥ڵ
¥ʱֻȥ, ¥ʵɵ, ʱ̫ӱض, ǸӦԣ
ĸ̫йأֻ̫»ᵣĲ, Ȼɱ˲, ɲɱļòԶ, ¥ʵָָµ, һ˼, һ߻ش𣬡˾˰, ǣмֵ
г˲̫ӵ, ̲лҲ̫ӵˣ˸ְ̲ɱҵãǸԽ̲лҲĺû, Ϊأ
֮ǰò̫йص֤³С¥ڲ
¥ʳĬΣȥܸһˣн֡
¥ڵСĵ㣬ȫΪأò֤ҲûйϵѾվϷ磬Ҳ̫ƣż
¥ЦЦǡ
һ·ľսصܸȻ̫ӴӦ취ʼղģηɲС飬ⲻ˻ᱻҡ
̻̲һ·صշֹţһͼĲӣһ̲ס˲ͷ˵𶯣ٶûˡ
ô꣬ǵһظܵвһ£ԥػϵƤʹдЩˡ
սսʣ˭ģ
ݵ̰۰¥ֱӵĹϵմӶ¥ݿǴӦᾡ취㣿¥ʡ
֪Է̰۰ģеף˼ȻûһͶɱôӦͲɱģЩ
ұ̫£붫кֵģ̫ʺ񣬶Ҽã£̫Ӷ뾡취ҡն
¥ʡһݵ̰۰̫޹أ̫㣬Ȼ̫йأһҪɱģ̫ӣϾ˵Ͳġ
仰¶ȻֲȻض¡
ĺ̫йأǵȫѹǰ룬̫䲻Ұĵĺ֮ͽ־ûжɾȻϡ
ȻӲ˵˵̫͵£йأݵ̫ӣ֪ˣǳģҸ㣬ҾҲᱳ̫ӡ
ܺ£˵ûһҪɱģ¾̫ӣȴȷ˵ǳģ̫̽ġ
Ų๵˵ᱳ̫ӣ̫̽ģ΢еԥֻھͻɱ
¥򿴳뷨ЦҲ̫ӵˣҲǳˣҲҪֻǰ±һ̫Ӿͻηɱ
ŵò˵
Ǵˣ˵ĶԻǲԣӦҲҶ˵Ծڴˣǡ¥˽ڲת˲ӰȰӴԾ˳ȥ
ֻһӰʲôûп塣
ŵͷ亹˫һһƨɵϡ
¥ʳ˲ֱܸȥ˳¥֪İЧʣר鷿¥ʽȥ󣬷鷿Źϣµȷ̫йأҲµûҹͻ˸̫ӣˣ̫֤ݾͻᱻʵϵǰ
¥üⲻҪģҪģǲ֤ݣ̫Ծнɱˡ
ǲòȥ˼̫ӣ¥ͷ˿ڲ裬Ѿ˶Ųܸˣһ֣ͻᱻδߣ̫ӡ
¥ڷȫһǺܷĵġ
⻰££ܴ˸ۡΧܴ˱Ѻˣּܴ˼ҵǽͳ𡣡
û뵽ʶô죬һΪҪȼա¥ڵ
֤ȥ̰۵Ѿʵˣϴʱֻּҹζֻ࣬ǲУԾɿԿѰ̫Ӱ̫̲֣Ҫ̲ˮֻ¾ˣԣ˽Ʋǡ¥ʵ
ⲻ£һģ㱼һ죬ȻȥϢɣʣµĽҡ
¥ʹ˹֣뿪˳
ҹѾˣµҹʮֺ¥ʴһŨĺºѩվ˺һϵĺɢˣŻصԷ
Է͵ƣѩû˯˿ڴϵĴӭϿ顣
¥Žȥѩ̧ͷ谵Ĺգգ۾ʵȥһ˳ôڲŻ
˳˵£¥߽ԡԡﴫ˻¸¥ĪĹϵ
¥ϸѩ˵¥ڵļƻܽ˽̲Ҳ¥ֻ¾ͻͷ۵Ҫˡ
ȻҲǺõġѩ
𼱡¥Ѿϴ裬ѩɾҲҪϴ˯Լϴ˯ѩҲ˯ǰϴϰߡ
ƿޱȥѩ²̫ðҪҲ˼ϵļɵͲ¼ɡ
סѩ飬Ҳɽ
ͷɫĴᣣԺ¥ʵĻйػģй̲ģǵļƻ˼Լ̫ӿܻеķӦ
ϸĥţȻʣʷ̨г𣿡
УʷةǳˣĲãǰ˼ûаϣҲʹδԸʲô˾Կá¥ʵ
ѩ˻˼ץ֣ʷ̨ͻ̲ɣǴʷֻ̨̲ܲ𣿡
ȻأһƷԱ㹻̨̲ˡ
¥أѩüš𲻸˵Ļȣ£Ͳ¥ݳϹϵˣ
¥еΣѩ֪㼱¥ݵùǵ̫ӣƾ޾ݣʷ̨Ҳġ
֪Ҳûʷ̨ȴñ˽¥ϵֻʷ̨˵ʱ򣬾ҪһЩˣҪתһЩֱӷУѩϸϸظ¥ʽʷ̨ʱ˵ݣû̫ӣΪ̫˵ǡôˡ
¥ĿһЦЦ˼ǲܣˡ
ûʲôӦõġѩ¥ʽĽ飬
ҹ˾ܸž¥ʷӣḧ˸ķ˯ɣѾˣճл·
ѩš۾
ȴԼ˯ţ¥Ҳû˯ţʵôˣ
ѩƫͷ¥ʵƹƣӰӳĵøӢʵ̫ӵˣô
¥ʶƬ̣شǳĴɷþ
޲ȫϲŭ
ѩҲ֪ԼǸ˶һ㣬ζһ㣬ֻ鸴ӣɬѱ棬ûٽӻ۾Σûһ˯˹ȥ
ڶ糯ȻǷӿ¥Тڻδûϳûۿʱʢ糯鶼¥ںġ
˵ڶϣ̲αɱ飬ֵͱץסˣϧץסץסˣȴǸʿ¼¶ͷҩԾˡ

 119 

̲γ, ʷ̨ϳʱͲ̲, ˵֮ܲоȻɱǱɱֳɹذɱ˳͢ƷԱ, ȥʵ˻ǳ͢İ, һ
̲鼫пǱվ̫ⷽ, ʵȴ̫ӵ, ǻ鼫п䱻ɱ, ȻñΪݵ̰۰̫й, ̫Ϊ˱סԼɱڣ
վס, ʷ̨˾ûд, ֻڸµʱϹ̲鼸䣬ȴǵ̲ɫ, ͺʷ̨˳
㱻ʷ̨ļ, ûע⵽, ºܶ˶ʶˣ̫ӵ, £˭ǲȻ̫ӣ
˭Ҳ֪֪̫Ӷ, ̫ӺԼѡɱڣһж˵ùȥǡ̲Ҳ̫ӵˣ̫Ӹ̲к, Ū飬Ҳǲܵģɱˣôס
붼̲Ͱźõġ
²Ͼǲ²⣬֪ãѰ˲׽ʷ̨ȴѰˣȺÿԱ˾͸𹥻˵ĳûʲô˵ġ
˵̫ЩŻѪ
һƷԱɱùǺͳְ̲ݵ̰۰һ֪ݣһ飬һ̲飬ɼǣ㣬ꡣ
̫¥ݱöͻͻͻһԱ󽫣ЩŻѪ
ճ̲ͻλöģ̫ƴԼȥϺƶΪأר̽ٵ鷿ûкʵƼ
¥ǸŻϵ׻ǹģһʱӯ鷿ϿͷлƼȥ
´¥ʺ¥ڵĶ˵ɫѿ
¥ݵ̫ܲӵλãʵǿϵ˼ǻʵۣ̫޳Ҳ⣬ΪԴ̡
Ǻòװ⵹˻̲飬ȥĻ¥ݵˣǴǰĹǶ׷ˣ
һıӴȥ޻أûѩˣ¥Ϊꡣ
صɽԺʱɫǳģԭѩЩ£ѩЩעҽţҲס
ȵ¥ݾټ˱ѩţȸи׼ıô
¥ʻصɽԺʱѩرߵ㣬ϴ°籰Űɫãͣ°ͣһš
¥߹ȥźѾ£ѩͷһۣɫãֻ֪½չò˳ʵôˣ
¥ʽʵ˵ѩҲһݡ
˵ǸȷǸɣѩһζԡֱеĻɣ¥ݵˣںδ
¥ʣ
ѩ˵һѪı£⣬شˡ
һʱȴѩȻ¥ݵˣͳеˣȽҲ١
¥ʣ
ѩ⵭ޱȵӣ˭ȽżȻеԻ
ѩѾһ͹ݸ¥ʣ¥һ㣺ȥɺóԵ㣬ɣ
ᣬ¥û㣬ּҪĵ飬ϲûģǽҵĻһѧġ
ѩǸĵģϸ¥ʵţȻ󰲾ţϹûһ͵һ¥֧ȴֺδ
¥֪ҪҲûʱȥˣѩѾȴһûе̲סʳڡ
ô¥еơ
Ĳѩ˵һ⣬ǻ¥ƼˣһҪ¥ݼ̳Ļλ㵱Σ
¥Ĩ˰ЩΣҶ¥ݵʵۣĵ˷ǳ֮ʱȻֻзǳ֮¡
ѩһ 
Һ¥ݲܹ棬ҪôҪô浱˻ʵۣһҪԸ˾ңξңȻԸ¥ʵЩֻ÷ǳֶ̫ðգ򲻵ѲʹãҲųٳûг֡
ѩףҲҹڱ¥ʼӿ춯Ͼ򲻴
¥ʺ¥Ľǵʱ򣬵糯ʱ̲ԪͻɶֱΪµ̲ͻ飬һ˶һ
¥ݵɫͲҰΪ˶Ƽˣȴȫûˣ¥ݸоǰδеΣ
̫֮λȷѾҡҡ׹ˡ
˵鷿ҵĶīֽⱻҵضǣ鷿źСҲŵùͦŴȥȰûȰסصɽԺ¥ʱȽϢѩѩ¶ЦͷҲмֻϲ
ѩȻ˿ĸо赹Ȳ裬¥ʵ¥ݲǻƼأû
ûУ˭Ҳ²׼ʲô˼¥ʵ
ѩš¥һˣʱڿ϶ˣֻҪһʱ䣬ֱͳôģ
¥ѩɫ·ҲйĶֻһһ¥Ҫȵ˺ӲҲֻȡ
ѩе䣺Ǿ͵Ȱɡ
תͷŴ¿Ĳ軨˵ʱĵģҲǸʱˡ
ѩϣ¥ݹȻ¥ʺͳԷ׷׳ĬֵҵǣƺԳԽأóߵذ¡
°ƯҲԽóи󳼹Ŀ࿴
ʱ÷ɿ죬۾͵ѮսɽԺѾ׼˱齵ҹû˯ãʱѩߣ˶ûʲôġ
ﵽ˻Ժǻ㣬ѩٴĴ޼֦
Ÿհõ߽Цū澿ЩʱպЩӣϺúܣټȥԽԲÿˡ
ѩü΢˵𣿡
ˣ̫ˣūţҪٳЩŸÿءش˸ǷҡӵĶԽЩ
ѩԼͦõģ軨嵽ƿĵģӹõȷ泩ǡЩ
𣿡㲻ס
ѩϲĲǰҰȵҲһֱ׷ġ
ǡˣѩǣЩѰ˿ֻţˣ˵Ҳף¥أ
źͳȥˣҲûлүµĻūȥԺ˵һүһү
ˣҾʡֻǺȻе㲻ʣѩ롣
˻ʣʺľ׼𣿡
׼ˣʱֱӰǣջūһɡ£ѩʺٽʹΣÿ㶼š
ѩ˵ͷ
¥ʻʱϣѩѾùˣڴϿ飬һյ͵ƣƣӳѩֽ޵¥Ȼһ
ôڲŻѩ̧ͷеˣ˵ѾҪ˯ˡ
ȥһժ¥ЩܾòѰ¥ʵ

 120 

ѩ˸Ƿأ
ʲôҲû, ¥תԡϴԡ, ʱʵҪɣ
ѩͷ
¥ʳ˳ǻʺӦʲô⣬, ַǳʱ, 㻹ҪЩ, вѰ֮, ڹﶺ, ̳
ѩЦЦʲôѰ֮
¥ѩ׵ļ, һǺˮҷڶİ̽ѾܾûϢ, ʹҲûκβѰĵط, ý죬ǹڰ, ˾ò, ϻδ̫, ܵ÷ֹǽ
Ҳðù죿ѩ
¥ָķȻ쵽һ, ҪЩ
ѩš֪ˡ
ʮѩ, ʢװʺ;ʺǰϧ֮ˣദر׽
ʺѩ, ĵøʱй¹ùɫؽ鷿Ȼεˡ
ʺʧɫȻվѩһʲô㼱Ҵҵس鷿ȥµѩսȭͷ
¥ǽžҪȥ׷ʺ󣬱ѩһס
¥ǻͷԵѩúۿӯڽޣʵɩɩſңҵȥʡ
ڶȻˣȥˣҲһܼõĪȥ֪ͨ˵ϲˣ䡣ѩ
¥ǱѩĻһ䣿ʲô䣿
ѩ˿ҪһŵùȥĻҲҪˣȥɡ
¥뵽¥ڶյ飬æӦתͷԼźȥ֪ͨ
ѩŷſұ㲻ͬһȥˣȥϰɡ
¥Ǽ£ҲǶʵʱû˵ʲô̧žϵ޵ȥѩĴԷת
ͻȻ⻹Ϊ
⣬ʱ̫ӡӦȫϵ޵ϣ⣬бжʱ򣬶Ӧ
ڹѩ̧žͳߡ
죬ͷȫܸоѩĽ꣬ѩȣȽʱȻе㺦¡
һҿԣҴѩ˼
ѾǰѩԽӿ˲Ȼ֪˭ȻͻȻˣѩ˳
Ų͵ضס
ôͻȻˣֵ
ѩתߣأҲҶʣͷظѩ󣬺Ȼ䣬·ɽѩ뵽ʲôƵģŲͣ
ŵ
ꡪѩʳָڴߣһĶٿڵʱѾʮƽȣһ̫ˣ㲻ٸҡ
һͻˣ־ѩ
ѩļ磺֪Ϊʲôϲ㲻ϲ𣿡
شѩΪȳء侲ڹ飬ʱȥһֻᱻۣڿʼҪֿߡ
ǻʹūȥŵ
ȥﶼãܸһ𣬡ѩٷɿ˵Ҹطñҵ졭
ѩһߡֻδ˵꣬ǰͻȻץס
ѩͫһ
ȻתܣȻʶֻûô򵥣ͳѩ෴ķȥЩȻǳѩȥѾߣԥؾȥ׷ѩ
ѩܵ÷ɿ죬ûô˫˷磬ֱȥ
ȻϾǸ޸֮ŮӣܵùרҵѵĽܿͱץסˣ׵Ľסѩֱۣ޷
ǸʲôѩǺʡ
ͷǸʮͷˣһ̣վѩĸǰޱһˡ
ѩҧҧ˶ֱۣԼ޷Ѻ󣬱㲻ȷſңһȺ˿ңһ޸֮ģܷ˲ɣ
ͷ˻֣ѩоֱһᡣ
˦˦÷ֱۣɫѾָ糣˿ţ߰ɡ
ѩһƬȻʹȻѾˣͻȻ£ҲżȻΪֻܿƽר鷳ģֻ¥ݡ
˽ȭͷһĳס
һͷȻѩʹΣǶɭϵĻʹײϤҪҸȵĵط֣ʵ̫ѣû취ֻ
Ǵʱʺ͹ֻһ¹ùã¹ùüȥѩȴߣæǰеʣ˶
㸣˸ҼԭҪͻȻˣǸȥһȺҼǿдˡ
¹ùһԿǶʱʹȦ
żۿͨ죬̾ͳ¹ùùȥߵ׵ùãùӣϽ֪ͨҼү°
¹ùæȥһԣʹȻѾ֮˿ˣǿסҪԸȻǳűأųȥ취ȴΪġ
ǸôǺãץס¹ùõ䣬żʡ
¹ùó˳ʹƣȻСǲ˳ȥͨ籨ţҲܿͻ֪ȥһʺ
ǡ
ǰǷԸʲô¹ùôĻ
ҪҲغá
غþǣҪԼץסͽպļޣ¹ùý쵽ڵţҪˡ
㲻ѩԾץһ˿ϣؽץס¹ùõʣùãʹֻгһ𣿡
ȻǣɳųȥطȻҲǳȥġ¹ù̾˿ʹҪˣǲ֪˭ʤ˭ܡ
¹ùôҴҰٺػߣȻ˻δĹţͿֳУùͷһǰߣת˻ȥ
ػڣ̫ҽڸ
֪ϺȻµϢʱԷ׷׸˹ʱػǹһأʺ̫ڻϵĴǰŵ̫ҽ
Σ̫ҽջֺ󣬻ʺȲʡ
̫ҽüĿأϰûлشʺĻ̫ż׷ʣΣ㵹˵
ϵ΢Ų޹֮ȴɫ࣬촽ףǣǡ̫ҽ£û˵Ȼ
̫һľεķϣʲôˣ
ж̫ҽ˵꣬һ£˾͹˵ϣ΢ҽʮأɽⶾȴ΢ó̫ժ¥Ķ
̫󲻸ҵ飬̷Ըߵˣȥ붾С
ػŻ򿪣Ǳȥ붾еˣ߳ػĴţͱһĨ˲ӣѪػĵϣһƬĿĵĺ졣

 121 

ڵ˽һ
̫ͻʺվ, Ŀŵһ쳯¥ݻ߽, һѳ¥ƵϹż˿䵭Цߵǰʱ, ̫ŵʣ̫, ҪʲôҪ췴𣿡
¥ݳ̫񣺡ĸ, ¥Ϊλı, ѱնɱ, , ΪʺͻĸΣ
¥ݻ£͵һ, , ʺɱϣѺ, , ûб, ׼ʺ̤벽
ʺ״û
ҧҧɱ˳
빬ͼԸʲ, ѽɱڳǰӴҴ޳, ¥ȻŻʺ󣬡ҷģȴ治֮£Ǿ, ڸ¶Ⱥűɡ
ȥ¥ɭ˵
ʺˣã侲ߣʺ󱻴ػͷС¥ݣ£δ
¥ɨһ۹ڵɪɪǣüһϳȥɱ˰ɡ
޺Ͱһţ¥ݷŹǣǴʱ¥Ϊ˻λѾɱ۾Щۼ֤αλ˻ȥ
̫𾪵˵Բ۾¥ݡ
ףףΪʲôǸºĻʳӺȻ⸱ӣ̫ɵǰֳֳɱ˾Ļʳ
̫ӣ֪ʲô̫µʡ
֪ı棬Ϊ̫ӣӦͳһػҵİΣĸҷģڣĸ͸ʰȻݡ¥ݹ׵
̫ر˱۾֪ÿ޻ǸЦ
ʣأ
Ѿˣ츮ʹɱڳǰǧģ¥ݵĸѹ˵ҳӣֵΪġ
ǧʹȴǧ򣬳ѵûͷ𣿻ɳѻʯ飬ֱЦ
̫ڰ֣ˡ
ʱĳѾһƬѪӣ¥һΧΣ֮ʣóźӴܵһ·ӳȥԼαװͨĽ˳
¥˽ͳ˶û뵽ģҲû뵽֮ͻȻѣֱýǡ
¥ڵ֮Ҫ¥ʻϣȻߵԶͿѾذΧŸš
¥´ͬδɱֻ֣ǽΧס׼׼¥ڲҿժ¥
Ȼʱժ¥Ѿȥ¥ա
¥ʵ֪춯ʱᵽΣյζǧΧժ¥ȴ˸գͷľ˽ժ¥һѻˡ
¥ڲڰűյժ¥üͷšᡣ
ȭͷսԼȻû㵽¥ݻṷǽֱͳ췴зҲ䵽ز
ѩ˹¥ļϵˣ¥ץȻܿ¥ʣһ¥ʽ¥ݣͳˡ
֡
ȻӰ¥һ͵ػͷ¥ʣȻ˿ĵ˵ûɱϢ
¥˶ڻҰĹӰǽϣɫˮһӣ¶͸һɻްɱ
̫ӿʹڸô죿¥ڼеʡ
¥ʵԮ
Ԯ˭¥Ѿ˲²⡣
ʳľפ˾ݣ˾ݾͳ˧үֱϵүһĽүȾģ¥ǰ˾Ԯɱ
¥ȴ˵ҪԮ¥ڵĳ˳˭Ҳ׼˾ݵͳ˧᲻ģ᲻
¥㾡ȥɣͬ˾ݵͳкүģ߰ɣš
أ¥ʡ
Ҳߣҵȥѩ˵
¥һʹѾ¥ݿƣڻʹ¥ݾ͵ȥʹأһ˾ܴùɰǧˣȥ
Ҳȥ¥ʲ๵ѾˣǶߣժ¥˻ڳǶ㣬ǻǣ֣ʱȣ𵢸顣
㡭¥ڲ
¥ڻδ£¥ȴѾתԾͬӰƵʧ¥ڵǰ¥Ƴģʮ֡
¥ҲҪ¥ȴû˭Ҳ֪¥ݻ¥ЩʲôԸܽѩȻȳɡ
Ҳ֪ʹˣʺĸˡ
¥ķңٶ룬첽ȥ
¥һ·߱ڸʹʹѾؽ¥ʳ뾴һƣؽע¥ʳûԾǽ
ɫ𽥰£ƻһµ¥һֻҹе𣬿ټĻʹȴ֪Ӧȥѩ
¥ķȥڰĨ˲ӣѪһأЩŮ˵ʬһ˫ĿԲɣĿ
¥ûѩʧͬʱ˿
ڱǽϣ󱳳һϸϸܵ亹룬¥ݣѩֻЩʲô
¥һֱѩò᲻ѩӣֻ¾Ҳ¥ݵóѣֻϣѩܼǿЩΣѡȥ
룬ַǳʱڣ¥ݵûǸʱ;ȥģѩǿڻʹ޷ǾΪѩвʲô
¥ʵĳһϸϸܵĺܺ£δ˺¹
ѩ£ǼӣΣ֮ʣԥѡסػķȥ
Ԥϵһػȥ¥תҲˣȥҲ¥ʽ˽ȭͷҹɫĹ
ʹ¥ݰѳ֣Ĺ䱸û̫ɭϣ¥ʶССڴϣûӽȼһӴ𣬳ܿȼ
ͣСŵļݺܿȼ˴ˮˣ׷ˮȻȻңȴҲ֡
¥ʱЮѩϧ뷨˲˿գȻãȻ޴Ļ̿֡
û취ֻܶѲߵĽǰ
¥ʱĵطȥֱ޹µͦŴӵĹϣ΢΢۾üͷȴţԵò
Ա߸ȵСǯӷӣһιɿڣϲԡ
СǯӷеŮ˵ģȻǸӡ
Ͻŵ𡣡
СǯЦʵ̫أôôҹˣôҲ̫ӻ
ūҲ֪ȥˣǵڶûлȥҲ֪ҰȥˣˣﶨҪСǯӼȡ
ĵءš
Դӻµ̲ͻ鲢¥Ƽ֮¥ݾеʶϵȷѾ״뷨ˣ⼸¥ջ̻̲ԽСĽһǰȻź˻˴룬˽м
޷ϵš
ò¥ݹܿУҸ鶼޷̲ס̾ӱأ¶в㣬ֻţ꺢Ӿͺˡ
ڹϺ˼룬ߵСǯӺȻеطŻˣ
üͷһšȻ۾СǯӷʵŻķ򣬺ǹڵĹ                        
лҪ˵ôҴˡ

 122 

СǯӻӦӦǡ
ôͻȻŻˣ, Сǯӵȥ, ׾òСǯӷţ, 㱾ȥ
Ȼ, ǻδ߳޵, ͱ¥ݰŵ˸סȥ·
·Ը, 岻, ޵ЪϢ, ·ǶĹ¹ùãҲ¥ݵ, ¥ݺ, ¹ùõذɡ
ֱ鲢ѰָŻĵط, ĸŻ, 㿴𣿻ȥ, ô£ĸˡ
¹ùޱػصҰ, 岻ʣ˿ػ, ĹˮȻﰲ̥Ҫ
ҧҧ, ֪˵棬תߡ
СǯӷŻص޵Сǯѹūţ¶ѰȻܵʵȥҲţˮôר˹ùýס׼Ƶģ 
Ҳˣ¥Ľ
ϣǣСǯӵȥù˵ùȥ̫ҽԺԺ
СǯӦǡȥ¹ù¡
˸߳޵޵ŻϣһӰ¥ʵıλεĹӰֺ˵
ͷһϲվ¥ʣôˣ
¥ʵģ񿴵ͷ⡱һȻֲĸоǿг˳ǣӲ㲻ҵģ
¥ʵ߸¡ĶƤɨЦ
¥ı棬֪¥ʡ
ı棿
ŵصԲ۾˵ʲô̫ôı棿
ڽգͻȻ£ͳֿʹϡʺ̫Ѿ¥ݵƿ֮Уҿӣƺ˿֪¥ǳ¥ݶ˿ûΣô龹Ȼȫ㡣
ɫһһף¥ʵʲô
ʲô
Ϊ¥ݻѩϾѩ֮ǣǾƲ˾ߵģڿѩ
ְһ⣬֪ѩںδûܿ࣬¥ļ٣û˼˵̧žͳߣȴס
㲻ҵģʲôʡ
¥ûأԳߣȻѩ
¥ʵĽŲ͵ضסͷ纮ըйֱ˵ɱͷ־¥ȭͷ֪
ۿҵȻ֪
ʱǰֻֻΪżֻںһһУ˼Ҳݲ±ˣǴʲôʱ𽥱ˣ
ϴͻ飬õѩʱ֪ôһ졣
Ǹž޵ŮӣΪ֮Ŀ
ʯ¥Ҳ⣬𽥰ѩһһ㣬ıʳѩռݣȻ˼ѩ
Ϣܣ¥ʣͨۿӿȻ֪¥ʣҲ㡣
¥ʳ˳ԩ޳ΪηҪΪУ
⣬ÿЦΪΪУѵ㲻ףÿЦôֺõ飬Ϊ˭
ǰˣȻ⡣
¥ʺԻ󣺡ҵȻףѾ̫ǽĻʺԼ·ҪߣѩΣʲôϵ㲻úùԼӣǵʲô
ȻΪҰ㰡棬Ұ㣬޷ѩȻֻ뾡취ǷֿôΪ㰡㻹𣿡
¥ʾÿЦ
ѩ˵ûѾΪ˸ȴűˣҲˣȻﰵعһŮóġ
οԼѡ̫ģû˱
ҪȨҪģʲôҪṵ̂ĵŮˣΪ¶أҪ÷Ҫꣿ
¥û˼೶ʵѩ
Ÿ߸¡ĶƤľϣľεķ֣Ĩȥϵᣬ¥ʵҪҸ㣬ԣҰ
¥ʳ˳üԥã㣬ң
ֹͣ䣬ͣȥĨûоͷҲĨ꣬¥Ȼؿţѩ
ңңǺǣ¥ʣԣôҪ𣿡Ȼθʡ
¥ĮĮӣȻҪ
㰮жమʵˮ¥ʡ
¥ʳ˳ǣŹ⣬ԽԵҲǱģĶ·𻹴ɱ㲻Ǿ͸ң
ˡ˵
¥ʺһϡ
ѩѾˣô㵱滹Ҫȥ񶾵ЦЦһƴˣʱ۾ɵԲԲģһĿӣúܰ
¥ɫҰףţǰסĲӣýһ˿ǵ㶾ɱȥᡣ
ϺȻɫȻ䷺࣬СǯӴŽɿһĻδüУͱ¥ʵͱ˸Դ
Ѫɽ¥ʱĮȻ
һҪöȴ΢˻͸һɵ޵Ϣޱٸһλᣬ
ˣ¥ʺ˫㲻٣Ŀܻɱ
ͷһƬߣʹδ¥ʣѪ˿Լħֻ̬֮һ𰸡
ָģ㵱Ҫɱң
¥û˼ϻ
Ҳ֪¥ԼȻ̫ץˣȻϼӿҵΡ
Ѫ˳ĶӺȻʹɫ󷢰ףȻץס¥ʵֱۣžʹе¥ʣҺʹҡ
¥ʱؿһۣӿ֣תͳߡ
뿪˳޵ʧش󺰵˰Ҫˣȥ̫ҽȥ̫ҽ
¥ʳڶˣ֪ļңǰﶼûѩӰټĻʹҵĵطˣȴʼҲѩ
¥ʺµļⷢǰδеĿ־ֻ֣ѩܰȻ¡
һӰ˹س֣
Ȼʣ¥ʷֽ˵Ĳϣ䣬ҲΪʲôѣҶΪҲȤңѩ
ϴףͷӭ¥ʵĿ⡣
²ûѣ֮ǰ̫Ӷߵ˶лɣζͷеϢΣͻȻͳַѣ졢ݡ׼˭ûԤϵҲǽ±ͻȻʶ̫ʲô
ҲЩֻ֪ѩ¥ʵ

 123 

䴹Դ, شѾʹ, Ҳ֪̫ӽںδֻ, Ҫ, ֻܳҡ
¥ۿɺ, Ѫĺ
ڻʹѾǴ, Ṭ, ôĿĵȥ, ֻķѸʱ䣬ʱķѵԽ, ѩԽΣա
ʵ̫ںδ
ػ, ˻ʺϵ̫ɱ, ʺ󱻹, ϡ̫ػ, ػɭϣȥ
¥ʳر˱۾, ǾΨеȡ
¥ݲһֱػ糯, ͻɶڵ¥ʶԣÿʱÿ̶Ǽ尾֪ѩںδ, ʼ޷ġ
һĸ߸ߵ̧ųߡ
Զ谵ҹɫ֣Լ˻ߵĺУ֪ùȥȻӤĺݺݵһ𣬽յ˫ɿ
Ŷ߾ʹù˸߲ҵ󺰵ˣǸ̫ǻ̫ϲϲ̫ӵ£
»̫ϢػȻػ˶˲¥ı̫ĳȫ嵭̫Ӥϲá
ԲѣĻϲδΣ˭޷ԤϣǶڲǰ;δ˭Ҳ˲
ȻϢ¥ݺȻ̫ǰ̫ͷĸʲΣ޷ͻʺı棬һһѺȻһ޾糯Ὺʼĸһ֮
̫غ磬һɱ˰Σ
ң֪ĸ壬Уһ˵νܵΪʡΪʺΪλͻ룬ǻŻĸıأ¥ݹ׵ĸ˼
̫ûӣ
̾˿̫̫ôҲû취飬̫ǴȴֳλⲻŸ̫Ƚ̫в̫ôֻΪնϽвǶڱ̫ӣ̫ܲԴС
̫ǰŮһͣڵ˵ɰ׵ģûʡŹûһ仰
֪¥˵óõ¥˵ʺͼλлӣֻ¶ѱ
Ȼ̫ĵģȴǻж顣
˼ҵĿڻϲ԰׵ϣƺڵʲôЦЦ̫ģжⶾֻ˯ϼ켸ҹ
̫úˣȻһƴϡ
ݺݵشƫžʹ˼¥ݿۣҡҡͷ̫ӵĻĸһƣұˡ
̫һû˵
糯ӿ̫糯ͻʺı棬ɱϣ̫ͳֿУɱʺĽԲѣӽ̫
ͬȻ˷ԣڹǿҵķ֮¥ֱնɱЧȣ˺ش˼ˣڰ
Ϊף¥й
ʰٹ񣬳òǿȶȶֻʱͱģ¥ݼ˳ʱȻ˼ش
ףڵϣ¥ݵ˾ݾѳʳɱ
¥üĿһ壬޺޵ҧҧ¥ʣ
˭¥ʵ
ǳ
һȻйֱ佫վɣ£꾩˾ݸӱҲôգ˾ݾʳǣɼ˾Ͳڻʳ˰ʺⶾɱϣλ뿪ʳǣⲻϳ
˭֪ϳǻṫȻ˵ȴ޼ֻǹֱ˲˵
ȥǸ佫佫һãȻô˵ò𣿡
ˣ
¥ݴ˿̸ȥ佫˵ʲôԸǿ⣬ͼΧ꾩ʳǣӴ˿𣬷ʹ׼κ˽
ǰٹٶڻʹˣ¶֣¥ᣬת뿪鷿ͳԿ˾ݾϮ֮¡
˾ݾүһִǿҪ֮Կӣʳǽ޷˾ݾһս¥ͷţֻ⻼
ʱ⣬
һܴĵ°Σǰר̹Ѻժ¥ͽãժ¥պժ¥ɱǾ£°Ѿۼժ¥һʮˣʮ˱ժǰ˾ݡ
ʳǾʣ˭Ҳ֪¥ʵ˼һʱҲڵ¥ʵָʾϿǽϣԣ㲻һֱŻʹĶôû쳣
ֲǲ֪Դʼֳ֮£϶ժ¥нģԭϰڻʹժ¥ˣһߣû۾ҾŻʹĶ⼸֣䳰
ûҲ֪ԲᷴǵְҲֻǱ֮˵İΣ˳󣬻ǶԻҲߣأδκεĶ̫ӵȷˣ¿ɺãϰʯͷԼĽš
÷ùܣҲֻα˺ɱˡ
ѩ빬أڣڹȺ򣬵ԼʱҲѩϾ֪¡
¥ҪץѩǱȻѩˡ
ͷţѩˣ¥ҲӣŮˣ뷨ϵȻһ
󱳶ǽϣĸоĺһֱԽ侲Ȼе뷨ȴûɢԽǿʢͼᶨ
ǰмӹ̧ͷǰѳһӰ
Ŷ񣬶ñͷϣס۾Ͽı飬ȴܸܵǿҵɢ
˽Եϥأ˴׵
¥ժºɫñӣĿ䲻˿飬ԣ˾ݾ֮գժ¥һǰţƳš
ԴӦ
Уһ𣬻жʹʹΪϽⶾ
йֵ
ϣʣµ˷ɢڻʹ֮ĸذ֮أйע¥ݺĶӳʹ·ߣʱҡ¥ʵ
֪¥ʵ⣬¥ӳʹضȥѩѩΪ¥ҵѩڣȳ
Ȿ¥Ӧģȴϣ¥ʲҪȥ
ûѩ¥ʵ߾ֻˣ᳤ңٹ¶뷨ĶڷѹţӦ
꾩Ļ̻̣˳ΧкüߵýĴ󳼸ۡ꣬źӴܣ֪ȥ
¥ݷųϢıɱϣϻԲѣ˾ݾϮ꾩ΣӣֵѾʳǰΣ
ҼһŽգϣɳ˾ݾʼǣɱʣʱʹڣ¥ͷöȥ
һУֻһС
Ȼ֪кãǽֻүϣ˶Ϊ¥ʼ̳кû룬Ժ
ѩˣûó
Ҳƺãץѩ¥Ʊز뿪꾩ȴû뵽¥ʾȻ¥ڣû뵽¥ܵ˾ݾ
ֱɶ
ɫҰףµɪɪ¥ݣܿס˾ݾ

 124 

¥ûش, ķ, ͳָս˶ս֪֮٣ֻܽȫϣڽͳ, ر, ˶ʮֲ
ûаգʡ
¥ݽյȭͷɿ, ˶ͳ쳬Ʒλ, ȻӦһ, Ȼͻе, ûлͷҲڶսвᾡȫ, Ϊ˷, ֱɱԸΪЧĸͳ죬Ȼͳͳȫ, ضĲ, ڵĵľ, ˾ݾɿģ˽ġ

¥ݻ, ʿСܽ˾ݾڳߺ̫ӵͳı, ҳӣ߲塣
¥һϣսΣ
˾ݾڹţͳָӵõ, ʤѷ֡ʿػش
ʱָͳζֳֳλ֮ϣָʿﲻζͣ´һһ´ȥָĺɱʣȴ˿ƺ˿δ
Ȼͷ΢֮ζĶض˶
ȻʣͷȻƿһ󶴣ζüͷһ壬ﵶӭ϶µĳֻáһײĴ̶֮÷·ܴƶĤʿǷ׷׺ˣֵͻȻĴߡ
һ£񣬶˵ޱ顣
ĳ϶³ζն£ǿҵĽ࣬ζƴȫ¥һ屩ʮֱ۾Щ顣
ü࣬¥ʵ书Ī⣬ܼһսĩң²ߴͽ̡
¥ޱ飬ĳȻܵĻȣζȥζᵶӭϣηɣ书Ե͵ʿֱӱͷŵǿ˳ȥ
䣬ζ¥ʵĽݶһն£¥㿪汻ζĳն޴ȱڣ¥ʵĽתɼӲ򣬶ȻζζᵶסƬϻѪڡ
¥ʲͣЪӺɨȥζ屩ˣͬʱٴһǿ¥޴ɶ㣬Ӳ｣ȥ
¥ʲȳ̵Ľӡֻ÷θһһ˿Ѫϴܣﳢζ¥ʵۣһ˿Ц
ĽԽ¥ʳɨζĳȻײʯ̶֮ζ¥ȣζ󣬳һ̧һѹ󿪴ϣĽ⻮ԲѪ˿¥ɫ֮ϡ
һ̣ζȻݶϵ¡
¥ʵѪ˻δӦ֮ʣӰʧڳ֮
ҹʱƣ˾ݾŶ룬ɱʹ¥Χ̫¥ݣȴʼղ¥Ӱʱչ˴Ϣ¥ʣڶۿڷ¥١
ۿڣ¥˴뿪
ժ¥ȫнۿڰΧ¥ڰûķԸժ¥ҲҶۿԣ紵ǷɣԴΡ
ҹ紵ϣѩͷۣϵĺɫ磬ǰȹĽţѩһȣ峯ǰȥϡ
ʶϳţӲʯӻϸ۵ƣ۵üɵһ壬ȻδԼվͱ˴Ӻץ
ˣʲôУúøűϴ򱾹һɱ㡣¥ݸѩĶߣ
ѩϵľʹ˦˦֣ش˸Ƿû˯˶ûʲôԭܵ¥ıɹԼͼ岻ɥ֮Ȯ¥ıʧܣҰȫˡ
޺֮ǡ
ѩиֻĵƣ¥ݵвԵر𵭶ðҵһɱң㵹ɱҿ
¥ҧгݣƾһϣȻӭѩƯȴ᲻ãɫǴˣʵڿϧ
Ҫǿ㳤Ưһƴˣ¥ݶݺݵ˵
ѩ˸Ƿҿͦϧ֮ĵģò绨Ҳ᲻֣ҳǺѣţۿӦöѾΧˡ
㱻ΧҲ޾壬ǻ𣿡¥׽ѩǰߣ¥ʻǵģҪѧУýи
͡ѩ̲סһЦ
أ¥ʻΪĻ˵Ϊ̫ĻмֿŶȣΪڲ¥ݣѺˡѩź
ѩ£һ֧ƿնֱ¥ţ¥ߵһأʸڵϣһg
Ƭ̣Ǿͱժ¥Χס
ͬʱѩĲӱһѴ󵶣õǸֵѩ߳һԴǱ󵶸ѩļϣЩѹ߼
أ
ѩżϵĳأĬĬ롣
ҹǵĵƻƮҡժͷĺñŴӰ߳¥ʣһҹ죬һ
ڶۿߣǵ˱߾Ի뿪
¥űЦЦҵˣǰȻ뿪֤ǹ߾
ƨ¥ݴѩǷѩ뿪¥ʣ㵱Сӣ𣿱㣬ھʹ뿪򣬱̾˼Ѫ
ѩв˿ģҵΣѾûʲôµġ
Ȼ£¥ȴܺ£ԭأ˿Ҷһͷ֮ء
¥ȻЦذײɷ˵ѩĲϻһѪڣѩֻþ䴫ʹĴʹжݵԣЩ۳
ûҧš
¥ͫһ
ˣ̸ҹ¥
¥ʲɵغһˣ˳ۿڡ
ϲģˣ˭֪ᷢʲô
ˡ¥ֻӦһ֡
ժ¥ϰˣϺڣ˭Ҳ¥ʵĻ׷˳ۿڣ¥ǰֻʣ¥һˣ˼󵶼ѩĲϣֻǰߵ¥ʵǰ
¥һôվţ˶ŵľƣ¥ȴȻ֣һƴ¥ʵϡ
ž
һֺ׼¥ʵԴݺݵƫһߣ˲¥ר¥ʵ򣬷¥ʿȻվţ硣
֪ǲ¥ййߣתͷ¥ָҪĥѩϰ֮ˣסѩȴͬøʻƵģֱӾܵˡ
¥ݷŭش𣺡㣬䣿¥ʣ㣬䣿䣿
¥ݻ£͵һ¥ʵĸ¥ʱߵòعѪӿ³һѪ
ѩĿɿڴ
¥ݺԾɲ¥ʵؿߡ
ѩֱţ¥ܰ¥ڵΪ¥ʽ¥ڣû¥ʣ¥ݸܡ
ɼ¥ݶ¥жʹޣֱ޲ý¥ʬ¥ʳ֣飬£¥ʾȻ֡
¥ʣˣְѩ
һ֣¥ݴЦ͵һڵϵ¥ʵ߹ϣҽǴҲһ֣ѩ˽ʵ̫ǳˣ
ҹ纮¥Լ֪ԼѾ˶ٽţûһڽʹ¥书ޣϵЩ˶ǿվֱ壬Ѫȥѩû£¡
⻰£¥͵ʹһ¥ʵϥϡ
һŵ̫أһʯҹҵ¥ʽסȥ
¥ݵسѩ°ͣΣ㿴һ𣿱˵ѧУҲѧɣ
žžž¥ʵĺף¥ʣ

 125 

ѩ۾
¥û, ¥ؾĶ, ٺٵЦǰɣĸѩָһ¥ʵûȥú˵Ķϡ

ѩӲ, ҹ, һɺļ, ׹, ָⷢ
ԶǸ, ڵ, Ҳ֪˵վվ, ¥ݾŶ, ˳¥ݵѧŹУһһ, δ⸱, ¸԰, ͦδй˿, ˣ
¥ʣˣ
¥ʳر˱۾, κĥȴԸ豻ѩԸ˲Ƚļѩ
ȥѩ۾˻Ƶû, 㲻ùҡ
¥ݳذף͵ش¥ʵĺ磬Ѫ¥ݵϣڻ谵ĹУѪܵħѩľս
¥ʣˣѩе
¥ʵЦ뷴ϧϰ¥ѾǸͽܲȥġ
¥ݽסذ׵İ֣һ˺ѷεľʹȫ¥嶼ڶ£žʹʼδһ
ˣסǣ󴬾ڸۿڣѩϽ߰ɡ
¥ݳذףһŽ¥߷ڵء
¥ʵĴ˲ת㱼䣬񿴼¥ֳذ׳ǶƺڰҹգֱĶĤ
¥ݣɱҾǰûңҿΰȻ߳
¥ݵذڽϷһĵطͣסվһŲ¥ʵϣҧгݵ㵹и
ջؽţֵĸϴ
¥ŴӵˣѾѾѪ͸¥ݺıǿнѩѺ˴󴬣£¥ݱЦЦת˴ա
һ̣¥Ծ뺣ˮ֮С
ҵʹ裬Ҳֻ֪ѩǾѩ¥ôߣٵֻ¾ͻ˼Ѿ˹һΣܵ˺˭˺˭ԡ
εףӴϼװ壬ΪСĽûŪһ죬ʪ·ϵѪزֹѪҺأšʪ·ˮŵҶϣмֻȻˡ
ſ¥ϢظǵĲӣա
ѩľϣ˫ֱţĶ棬¥վԱߣкµ˳ʳǼͷ֮࣬ѩܶȴ˿ûθڡ
¥һڳ°ͷѩҰ׵ǲǻڵ¥㣿
ѩĿ嵭Ĭ
ˣģ󱳱ҲһϥǹҲˣҲ˴룬ǶѾˣطζദˣվûУˣɶˮ˭ܲס¥Ц书ǿҲǸˣ˾мޣܿסġ
ѩνֻ¥ʰ⵹¥ݣȴδҪ¥Σʱ̻δ¥ʻڴ
ûϣȻͲʧ
ϴǰ¥ΪķϣѾԶԤϣֻȻңˣҲˡ
֮ĪӲģ׷ǵ¥ʣǲ¥ʷߣ׷Ʊؾǻϵˣϲ¥˼ҵİΣʱһΧסԾ޿ӡ
ˮ·ͱ½·죬ҪΧסǣҲ׷ǲУ˳ˮ·ϣֱ뱱ǵ·
ȥͶڱ߹ص֣ѩ䳰ı棬϶֣ӵƹˤΪѹеͦ׵ġ
ҲǱΰ״֮ȻңȳϻϣĸǲҲѲƤ䱻ͻʺѹţƴһɹˣ֮ĸŮˣǰˣҲ·
ñǵ·δҲ̫ˣѩҡͷŶٱʮ֮һɾɱڡ
ѩĻȻһ٣üȮΪ飿
ıȻΪУǱȮռݣǾͲͬˣĸ湻ݶģֶζ˲ͬ
ѩ
⻰£ȻһѪֱܵ۷ɽĽűߣŵüһ岻ɵسȥ¥ȥȻͬһʱ̣һ¥ݵĲϡ
¥ͫ׶
ô¥ȫţĶģ
¥ʻʪģɫ·ϣ˶Ǵˮ̳ģѩֲϵĵˮѪǺܲãɫ԰׵øƵģ˶͸һɱɤ˻Ƶػش¥ݵĻȻǴӴġ
ѩ𾪵ľ¥ʷˡ
뺣λӺ¥ݵɱˣ
ôģ
¥ʳѩƳȥ𣬵˿ѩ΢΢ЦЦº͵۾ϣÿĲҪ
ѩڶ˰֮󣬹ʹر۾
¥һ¥ݵϣĽɿ¥ݵֽͽŽѩĶߴ¥˻ߵĺУȴؽ۾յġ
¥ûгʼû
ֱ¥۾ѩŻ۾
¥ѾڵϲܶڵϣﶼѪ価Ѫζ¥ʽ⿪סѩӣװϡ
ԶѾд׷
¥ʻˣѾЩվȣڴϣѩ£ǵѾ׷ˣ㲻µġ
ô𣿡ʡ
¥ʵָӡ׵ģΣѩ۵ףֻζӳ£һʱζӣȻ֪˵Щʲôźá
¥ʵ˵ͷЦе԰ףãˡ
ժ¥ĴʻԴ˽¥ݺϼ¥ƣȥ¥ʲѩᣬܾϵĲ
ѩֻԼǰȻŸճ¥֣ȳȴȻǰȥѩʧɫȥӣ¥ʳһ˿뿿ϡ
Ϊ㲻ҵġЦ£˵
ѩ鸴ӣ¥ʵļ뵽󱳵ƣȥʼûз£ԥ䣬¥Դһᣬ׻ȥ
ϼе
峿ĵһƺڰѩڳĺ۾ɽԺĴϣͷϤĴʣɫģǺɫ
ŸհõҩŽòʳ̫ҽ˲ҩţԵɣ𰾻ӡ
ѩ˸ͷʵ¥ôˣ
ү˵أδѣ˵ү˵˷θҪЩӣ˺ܿͻģõġ
ѩŶϴš
ԱʵȥԺү𣿡
ˡ                        
лҪ˵ָÿһż˫״̬˵Ǹлһֱ׷ĵСɰǣ

 126 

, Իչ, ȥˣҲǶ࣬ѩ, һĲɵ, ˻𣿿Ϣ
үͷ˶û, õ, ҹס˾, ˵ҲѾ, ̫ӺѱѺ䣬˳ฮ, Ҳ, 轫Ϣһһѩ̫꺢, ʱĽڶ
ѩ˵ͷ, ʾԼ֪ˡ
״̬, ǵʲô𣿡
ѩָ棬˵, һˣԸΪȥ, ԸΪԸΪӲЩ£Ǵʲô
Ȼ͹ģѩϲ, ˵Ǹˣүɣ
ѩû
ĳ֪үԲ飬үǷޣүԸΪҲŷ¹úúүǣǰϾѾȥˣҪģҲ˵˵ںͽ𣿡
Ųأ
ҡͷŲ£أŲ£Ҳͽհˣ׻עҪүһˣֻҪһһղó졣
ѩԣβŷأ
ѩŶ͸սϣ΢Ĺ֮УӨ׵ڹâ·Ž׵ĹΣüģ˵ɡ
̾˿ȥ
¥ʱϣԺĿͷڴǰϲү
¥ʻʹϾҵʹ˶᲻ʲôӭ¥ʿӭϡ
ƻģȴѩӰĿſڣƺ˼Ի岻ʣ˯ˣ˵δ
һֱδѣ¥ü
һΣ˵ҩţЩͻط˯ˣүǵģūھȥûССĵ
ѩ;һΣȻо飬ȻǸһү˲δɼүƲģ˵
¥ʳüĹâӳϣճһƬҵ
֮ˣϢɡ
˵ʲô뵽ѩ̬ȣֹ֪˵ʲôãתƻүδʳūŸȥ
¥ˣʳʮ嵭¥ݲȵ׺ݣûлָԾľģʳ˿ڣ˿оζڽɲƵġ
ζͬԣǾӡ
ⷽţѩҲյϢүѾˣʱţҪȥ
ѩױǰҹĿ¥ݺݺݲڽ£˿һ֣Ѫ˿Ϊȴȥ
˱۾߰ɡ
ŵѩǰͷʣȥүū澾ԥúܣǲԸ⣬Ǿͻȥˡ
үһ֮ˣӦǰȥտҲԸȥҲȥѩε
̾˿ΪҲûʲôõģҲĲ֮ȥ˶òȥҲûʲô˼
ǲ˽Ϊ֮㲻
֮飬οͨˣֻҪˣȺ֮УȻͲܷ½Ҳܣ㲻ܣҶܣѩЦֻѡ񣬵ѡҲѾ⡣
ū澻Ǿū澻øЩ̾
ѩЦЦûӻ
᷿ﻹŵƣ¥˯ʱϲڰϲŵƣ˯ãʱӦûţţŵ
վſڣЩԾ漴ϱ¶ЦȥȻѩվ̳ԱÿЦ
ÿ·ѩȥ
߽ݣӭ¥ʵĿ⣬ڴӭϣֱֱƬ̺Цº͵ˡ
ѩš¥ʵĴߣʣô˵
˵òأͺˡ¥ʵ
ܺˣ˵ز¥ݶ֮ǣ֮ˣôᣬϵҪȫãֻµʱ䡣
Ӻã϶ˣ£㲻صġ¥ʰ
Ǿͺãͦõġѩ˶٣ƺ֪˵ʲôˣնȻһʱ˭û˵
¥ʵĿѩѩ׵ľϣһϸ˿ڣ˿ѾͿҩԾʮֵĿԭǽ覵ģ˿ڿž͸شĿ
ϵ˻𣿡¥ʵʡ
ѩһ쵽һ룬̫ҽĶش𣺡һ㣬ϵ˱С˲ʲôܿܺˡ
¥ʿЦ£ҴӦĸף˵ģҺǰ첻
ûϵѾúܺˣٶ࡭סһ˿Цɬٶ࣬Ҳܲס
¥ͷһš
סѩ֣ԭƤͿҩﻹзƵҩˮĺۼرס۵ѩ˻һ
¥ʱһæɿ֣ôˣۣ
ѩ΢΢ü᲻صص˵ͷһ£ֻǲ˵Ƥ
¥ʽķûѩָ۵֣кü˿ڣԭװ۵־ͱ˿Ⱦô
¥Сĵס֣ڴᴵ˴ô˵ۣ
аɡͶʮӱʲô䣬ѩû˵ڣ˶ʮӣʹҲ˲٣ǰһʹˡ
¥ʵѩЩڣԼֳ
߻谵ٴγκѩʱˣúϢɣȻȥˡ
վ¥û
ѩߵſڵʱֺȻסŲǾﲻ㣬վͰɽԺɣɽԺҪЩ
¥ʵá
ѩͷҲص뿪˷䣬һѪӿ¥ﳢζſڴأǿѪ³нͿ¥Ѫ˿û⡣
ȴŵôУүôѪˣ
Ͷζһܣˣ¥ָ˼˲ѪŹأҾҽ鵤ҩҲ̼Ч̵ָ̻дӻһСҩƿȡĵҩ¥ʷ£ˣоΣ
ûζ¥Լࡣ
üһͷ۵ӣȻͲµô˵һǾͷʹǲΡ
˵ûУ¥ʡ
ûУǻûȷ𣬡а̾¿鷳ˣأֻ»֢ʧȥζֻһ

 127 

, ֪, ¥ʵĿⶢ𣿡
ͷū֪ˡ
¥ʳ£붾лҪ˵
ֻʣ¥ʺͶ, ¥ʵ֢, ʲô
Ŀǰж, ʧȥζӦֻһ, пӾҲܵӰ, ֻĿǰûгԵ֢״, ۶ϡе
ܲκã
Ӱֻζһᾡ, ղ, ϣ֢ҲֻζӰɣӾ, ǲǡɡ
¥ʳĬƬ̣Ӿ, βã
һû, ¥ʰζ, Σþڴ, Ҳȥˣʡ˼ء
¥ʳĬ
ʲô
Ѹٴҵ飬ĶˣôõҲ, ЩгͻϹģͲҪˡ
أ
Ľڶ˸ӣ̫ӷѣ˶ӣҲкýһǿԱסġ
ฮˣ̫ӵˣˣ̫ƽˣϢųȥ¥һȥɡ¥ʿڴӭϣޱ
ΪԾ¥˼Ϊ飬Ϊһ·أֵô
Ҳɱѩн٣ȻɱҲһѩн٣ܹܺЩҲΪĸۡ
У
¥ĺݣʱȫ磬ˣһֳĨ޲һ߷ɣҲ
ǼˣҲǼˡ
ѩصɽԺһݣͱסֱۣԼúȥδӣȻסһһ̧ͷŷ־Ȼ
µشѩû°ɣ
ѩûɵصµܳ˯أ˶𣿡
¥ǽ壬ûжԳд󳼳֣Ȼû£Ǽ¶֪࣬㱻¥ƽ԰ûйŵÿ㣬ǵѩôˣʧ˻ˣ
顣ѩԴļ
ʲô鰡һʧǵӣ˸Դζȫǲףȫˣǲף㻹ʲô
ѩû˵ķ
˵¥ʾʱ˺صˣǲΪ˵飿ΪΪ㣬ˣ㶯ҡˣ֪뿪ľǶԻǴ𣿡̾
ǡ
㵽׻ҪҪ뿪ʣ¥ȻסģҲҵʱҪ뿪ʱ򡣡
ḧķŮﲻ뿪ҲȰ£ϣԼ飬ҪκεľԥǷίǾί͸뿪𣿡
ѩϵ۾
ѩʼĽᣬῪĵģµشﲩСϲľͺͱŮӲͬȥɽӺȥľͻͬЩŲµģȻܷˡ
ѩ۾ϣȻµص˵ͷ
ʼŰɡ
ڶϣѩһ£ţǰȰ㣬ȰڶɽϣȥȰҪһʱȻΪ˴ɽ붫ʮֻֽһӵĴɵ
ڶͣ£רѩȥȰµĴںߣѩϴʵˣү֪𣿡
֪ģҷ춯Ǻ¡
ûٿ
ѩǸûѩ¥ʺôصˣѩģŮ˵Ĵڲ¥ʿģ¥ʴѡ
Ϊʲôû¥ݵ¥ݵ¥ʵ߾ûаʯˣûŮ˰ס¥ʵĽŲߵøߣժ¥ߵøԶ
ޣ޲ѩ
뷨һֱԺδȫ£֮ºȻԾˣֳֳѩкȥ
ϱһνӭϣܿͱ´̿Χסͳ㻤ѩˣĸ´̿ͳ׷ȥһ̿ͺȻֳѩȥ㲻һеصסѩǰȴѩһƿ
ѩɳȥڼװϡ
㾪С
ǰѩȻͷðͱѹ£װУ´̿Χס󱳻һƣȫʹѩ屻һ´̿Ĩһֱӽѩӽ˴
һ´̿ѩ
´̿Ƿ׷Ծ֮Уתۼʧ˸ɾ׷뺣ˣȻѾڴεýƣߣҲûҵѩӰ
ƣϰſںϣ޵˻ߡ
Ժͷ¥ںҩһɫҩµµ£۾ûգһ£ȥ㣬үƽƽˡ 
ȥˣ¥ü
֪ūΪ֪ء⡣
үүˣˣˣҴҵܽڶɱ
δ䣬¥ʱһƵĹ˳ȥգ۱㲻ټУүƻûأҪɴҲȥģү
һ̯ڵϣ˺üˮԾûҵѩӰѾߺ¼ˣɫףڷ
Ѿ˻ڷ̣ѩİӰӶûпϳֽվڰߣΨһľθ¥ʽ
߹ǿҵķ磬ɫһ̰ȥ
ϲ
أ¥ʵ÷·磬ͷϣԭڵۿѪ˿˫ɺ۾ضϣأ
ͷһʧְûܱۿһƣš˲ӣ˴ûܱ𷣡
¥һϵļϣ֮ԶĺײڼӲľʯ֮ϣ³һѪ
¥
תһͷ
ȴĶס㲻ҪˣԼ㲻δ뺣˾㲻ȥ
¥һŽ߿
вȥ㣬ȴûܶ㿪¥и۵ɵعȻȴûҷ֣ˮˣѾһʱȥҵ˴˰ҵҲֻһʬ壬㻹ܻ
¥һסе֣һšû취ֻ˳ɿ¥ʣ¥תһͷˮ
ˮ˿ڣ̹ǵʹ˲ϮȫûһڽžʹһֱΣΣҵںںס
ֻҪһֱεҵ

 128 

Ǹ޵ľ޾׵Ů, ô, һһЦӡԺҹ˵, ǾԺ, ͰɽԺ
, Բᡣ
𽥱ģ, 㱼, ·𿴼, Ʈںڳ, Ц, ¥ʣ, 
һֱ, һֱ¡
ƽ֮, Ӧõһ๫ʱû, һĴõ, ȴõ๫
֪Ӹ㣬ٶ࣬޷ԭ¡
ûϵ, ŵʱҲԭңããұˣ㣬㣬ˡ
ѩ
¥ʱдӺʱѾȫʧȥʶˣվվ¥ʵߣŵʶУôˣ
־
ȡ룬¥ϵѨλֽϵĵҩ¥ʷ£סϺüѨƬ̺ȡ룬¥ʱϡ
ŵû˲סشѪӿ³һѪһͻ˹ȥ
¥һΡ
ѩһ糺ļ£վɽԺһ£·
һϲ˵سܹȥܵǰֱסȻȴϴĻƮȻվǰ΢Ц
סѩ
Ц´磬¥ʣҼˣֺ֮һһֻߵЩˡ
Ȼ䳢еʹ࣬౻һʹ˺ѷΡ
㣬ܵظ㣬𣿡ʡ
ЦԾһ˸о͵ģ񴺷һǲõģֻһˡ
͵˵
Ҳһ¥ʣΪ֮ʱܲðˣҷһɣɺãӡ
ߺҲͬһҷߣɺã
¥ʳƼٵξУӳʹξ˫ɺͷɫĴʣϲ
үˣ
¥ʺݺݵҧҧƹأһҧҧѪ뾣
һµĴǰ
¥ʵȥҰһ顭
¥ʷԸƮȻȥ
үүҪҪԵ㶫ߺæ
¥Ӳƫͷȴ϶Т£üĿһݣ˵Ȼɤȴ۵˻ƵʣΪδТ£
ۿðζûлش
¥ʳ˵Ϊ˴Т
ΪΪδ꣬¥ʾӲ˴ȥȴ¥һѻӿ¥ʳݣɽԺ˰ף¥۾Խͨ죬ȥЩˤڵϣŭ˭ɵģ
عڵϣүѾȥˣڰ˳ɡ
ȥˣأ¥ʸɬʡ
Ȼʬ׻ûҵôãܻϣģүǿҲ޼£ٻˣȵһͷĨĨᣬʵүǽʵɡ
ʵܸƨʵ
ܣ
ûҵǾû¥ϵľʹƵĽЩ˵Ķȫӵϣó͵ƣ͵ƶȥЩһѻȫˡ
ܵϸߣӳ۵ףĵ״ħ衣
棺үҲãҲãû˾ûˣٻūΪһ¹ڣүԸɥ£Ǳˡ
¥ҳˣûҵʬףû
ǣūүԸǡ
¥ʹ˫һϥȥ򵽵ϣ³һѪĿ֮תͷʹѣݵ嶸Ȼڵϡ
ΪʲôԺ룬ΪʲôѩˣȴûжΪʲôûŽΪʲô
ѩˣΪʲôҲˣҲ˺£ڣ
ү
ŸʲôȥиϹ
ճ¶࣬¥ѾûϢ˵¥ˣӰæгչͿ¥ﵹȥ¥ڴһ
н¥ʴﰲٺãʵΣ
̾˿үھʱˣԭӦþͻȻ£˴̼ǿг뺣ģ屻һٴݲУϼˣǣ֪ʲôʱܺˡ
ôأ¥ü
пЦү˼ˣȫ¾ûһõĵط־ԼѾٻҽľʵѾһˡ
¥ڴϵ¥ʣϵ˿ѿˣ·ѾѪˮ͸ɫ԰׵ˣӵӡ
¥вţ¥ڻίΣ⸱ģʵѹ
⵹̫ӣǰ̲ѾߵһѾɹˣѵ㲻ԼǰȨҪ𣿡¥ڲ
ǮȨүԣṇ̀үֻΪ˱ȫңȫΪ˸ΪȨ͸ˣүϣǣңǲġн͵
ˣ¥ڻǲš
Ǹž޵Ůӣ޲ɷξˣ
ʱȷĿܣֻ·ͻȻ߻֮˵˭δҵժ¥ڰе顣е
¥ʣʲô
˵̫̫̫֪󺣵Ϣһʱܽܣ˫˫ˣɽҪչλˣ벽뿪ҲǱʹʱ򡣡 
¥ĬΣԸΣκ
¶߾ȫе
ҹǣһɫƽĺֳͣڵ֣Ƭ֮һֻӨ׵ִַ³
̫̫̫ѾȺСʱˣС롣ֵ
ŮӴ߳ɫСȫסͷֵĲִӺ߽ȥֱ̫̫Ժӡ
˶ڵѩ߽ȥժͷϵñܣչһЦ̶ߵ룬³λϵй
ۿ
̫̫ʣ׼ˣ
׼ˣѩ˵ͷһߣ֪²ܻ游ĸﱣ壬ѩТӽ󣬲̷ڲˡ
̫̫ѩǰḧ֣ĳ֪ߵ·ߺȥǶ㣬Ƕ֧㣬ֻԶˣҪǵû
һģ游ĸصġ
̫ѻһˣѼǣϽ뿪ɣڶɱñ˿
̫̫᲻ѩԶУ档
ɽ˿˵Ƕ㰲źˣ꾩ֱݣҲժ¥ִδ쵽ȥȥҲɣůʣݱһܷͷͷˣǿԻһŸ㡣
ѩͷá
ɽ˻֣ǻδ죬߰ɣǱߣһŬͶ׷ˣҪž۵ӻںͷҪͷǰ
߰߰ɡ
ѩۿ׿ͷȻ£̫̫ǧᣬŹ׷ȥѩߵţҪ洫̫̫ĺ
ѩ
ѩæͷǰס̫̫̫̫סѩ֣ҪǵþдŸĸҪǵûĸ
ѩ̲ס᣺ģĸѩᾭġ
ˣ߰ɣ߰ɣ̫̫ɿ֣ٲ߾ˡ
ѩšʹ㲻ᣬȴԾתǰУϳʻȥȻճϳţȻͣ
ѩͷ⡱һ

 129 

źѩߵѾÿ, ʵô£
ˡ
ѩǰݵļε, ֮ǰѾ߿ǰӣʵߺ, ΪסҼС
뾳ֽ֮ڵ񣺡Ȼ, »ɡ
ѩ̾˿, յֻɿ, ɵؿЦ, ÿ, 뾵ġ
ү²Ѱʱʱ̶̿Ķ, Ȼү, δ󺣣, »뾹
ѩѵҲء
뾳Ĭ, Ҫ, Զٴδʻ֮ѩתͷȥ, ʻ÷ɿ죬ת۾ѩǰͣ
ѩǿ, ǳңǴǻзģһģҪѪŻƵ, ѩü΢塣
ڵ˷ȥ¥Դڷȣ˫ȱҲˣ˿ЩվȣϣԶѩ΢΢һЦ
֪û¡˵
ѩȥϴź£ɫĶҹз˳ǣЦݷ࣬ʵô֪ģ
ûбԭ򣬾ǲˣ¥Цݸ࣬ЩӲЦʱ沿ܲЭϻ۹ˣԼվ
֣
ѩ֪Լ߲ˣߵ¥ʵǰ嵭Ŀ¥ʵɨϵƲᣬ׷
¥Ц£Ҳ׷𣿡
·ҾͲȥҲûȥҹɫ谵¥׵ͲܼװѾˣô𣿡
¥Ѿûʲôվȣ˼̫Դģ̫ȥĥѩΪʲôҪΪʲôԸԸߡ
ֻһͷ
ΣҪ뿪
Ӧܣô࣬Ϊ㣬뿪ģʲôţ
ѩû˵ˣվ¥ʵǰһۿضţҹ紵¥ͷԽȻվסѩǰֱصȥ
ѩȻס
дǰϷ¥ʷŵѩ˵ŮôôİΪ˾㻹ܼϼˣһʹ㣬ôĥˣ˼𣿡
ЩӾͺ𣿡ѩ
ЩӣͶζһսˣο¥ݸһ٣㣬֪ڴϸͲܶ㵹ãһϷڵڣֱӸһǸãеס¥ϼѨ¥ʳ׻ȥ
¥̧Լ֮ǰ뾵Ȼ
ѩȻصɽԺɽԺ˶Ƶģͳ㣬־ϲѩٴĴϣ˲ֶڶ¡
ū澲ΰɣ
Ļˣֱš
ѩûشɵ⣬裺ôûйҰף
ԭǹ˵ģүԸˣ˵ûҵʬףͲˣү˵һţùҰס
¥˵أѩԼԼ˱裬Ƶ˿ڣʵ
ɫҪʵ𣿡
ѩ˸˰ɣ˵ˣ˻֪һ˵ûߣ˾ʱҲˣٸ˵¥ʲδΪңǲõġ
Ӧ¡
ѩϴɵϣľƣȴʼ˯ţſڷԺ̲ס·¥ʵ˼
ǷȥõĽۻǼ֣¥в
˵ȥΪʲô
ҪˣˣΪʲô
𰸺Ժ֮ȴϡ
¥ʶԣûôҪǣڽ̩ѡվߣѾúס
ѩŴʣıôõĳӼƻΪƻ飬û뵽ȴ¥ʵִơ
֪ÿ޻ǸЦ
ڴϣԺ˯ˣû˯һþʱѾڣϴĶѩԼû˯ġ
ʵ¥أûУ
ҡͷûУū֪ʣˣү˾᷿˵֪ʲôʱŻѣүķš
ѩΪ⣬еҽģڣȻδѣ
ؽˮµ̵ɫɵس
СĵʣҪȥ𣿷үδѣȥҲ֪Ǿڣ㣬ū澴ȥԺǡ
ѩȥ
תԸȥڱ
ڴش𣬡գҥ˵ĺӲǻҹѪϾȡ¥ݺǺӵѪ֤ǺӾȻĲ¥ͱ˴ԭ౻ţ飬ֱ̡
Щ鶼ܣʹ÷зģԳ㶼ʮ
ѩ˼
Ϣ϶¥˷ųȥģʲô˼ҪɱΪģ
ǸأӱϾ޹ԭǿֹ飬Ϊ˰⵹¥ݺȴûôһ޹С
˵޹͸Ѱ˼ˡ
㣬ȥ׼ӣǻ˼͹ȥǺչ˺ӣѺӸ󣬡ѩԸȻȥԺðܹ׼Ҫȥһ˳
Ȼ֪ѩʲôǳ㶼ҶʣշԸ졣
¥ڻæŴ飬˵ѩΪ⣺û롣
ѩС˵Ĵ߽Ļ´Ӽѩ񣬵򰲡
񣬿𣬡¥̧£û̫ˣ㲻֪ʵΪ󺣣ȥ㣬Щڴ
ѩ΢΢һҵ£ûӦ
¥ڼֱ̫ˣ˵ʵѾû־лȥɣѰٻˡ
Ѱٻ
˵Цˣ¥λѰٻѩ΢΢ЦֻǵҶѡ
¥΢ŵ̾˿˵ʵʵܶԣ¹֮ˣڣʵֻ»ˣ֪ʵвţҪϣܺúߡ
ѩ
˵Цˣʲô¥еķԶԶûôء
ᣬǱǶʵǣ֪ʵĽᣬʵΪ㣬ǲף㵱úϧ
ѩ۽ޣδ˸˵ĻһʱҲ֪ηӦ©˷磬Ķڷд֪Ǻá
κס˵£ҽҲΪ¥ʵ¡
¥λϣΪζ˵ʵйᾡӦ롣
֪ڱΣ̷֮ȥһ棬ѩʼոи˽ᣬֹ
ãѡʱǱߣᰲźãҪҪ˵㣬Ҳϣܺúչʵܣʵܾ֣ص
ѩţһᾡģл¡
ѩ뿪ֱȥΣ˹кͷѩȥѩһ·߽ͨΣͷŵţѩȥ

 130 

źܺĸɲ, ϴ, ûκνΣƺ˯ˣں֮, ɫ԰, ȥʮǱ
ѩ뵽߸ϵ, Ȼ˷ǡ
˯Ժ, , ת, ۾ʱӳһϮȹ, ˳Ž覵ȹȥ, ѩ
ʹڴʹ߻谵, Ҳò˼еľɫ
, ЦѩЦģ
Ѿǽ, Цûʲôÿ, ѩ˶˵վǰ, ԭһңɱ֪Ϊûбס𣿡
ضѩ
ѩӸµΪ̥֮£¥ɢȥ, ¥ʲµİߣ㻹δеʱյϢֻʱΪ˽µ⵹¥ݵĳ룬һֱδж
ܣ˫ĿԲɣݺݵصѩ
ѩЦţαߣұԹԭԺúõص̫Ƚ¥ϻλǾһ֮֮ϵĻʺ󣬿̫̰ˡ
˿ʲôҪȨơģʲô߬ȴ֪ڿ½ԸʲôҪȴʲôòʮ»̥ĺӶס
޿־壬־ѩȻȥץѩ½ǡ
ҵĺôˣ
ץ½ϣҲ֪ûϴ½Ϻܿ챻ȾˣѩһŽ߿ҡ
Уҵĺôˣ
ѩʹɫ϶ƣưǰѩƽԼ㺢һɡ
ƴ𣿡
Ϊأѩʡ
Ц˽˵ҵճŮϻ۹Ĵ޹ţ㵱ԼǱȨĵˣ󸻴ֻƽһ
ĸ֮ӣԵˡ
ѩ͸һûкӵѰ˵Ƿ򸾴ӣñѰӲˡ
Ʊͷж£Цл
𣿡ѩʡ
Ѫ˳£ĿкҲģðһˣΪ֮㾡УϧҲϧˡ
ڵϣ㱼䣬Ǹꡣ
վڻ΢ЦѤãɫͷףȴҲЦա
۾
ѩصɽԺȥһ˴Σ˵ڴʤѩûѾ׼ˮźϴԡѩ·˷١
Ѿ߽ȥﴩ·óȥˣʲôƵģʵ¥𣿡
ûУһֱүûгش
ûУ
һֱڰδ뿪үһֱûѣв뿪һֱڰүˣҪȥ𣿡
ѩ֣̬תǲ̫ЩôϣȥǶֺǣôվǱˣ
㴹Դū澰ү˵ū澾ãүͦõģ֪үΪ󺣣˵Щں
ѩû𣿡
Ϊү˰үںȥûȥںˡƵ
ūҲҪү˵ûʵˣ֪ūΪˣڸ˰ף¹ڣүˣүãƵĽЩĶȫһѻˣ˵ûҵͲˣʱүأȥˡ
Σ֪ûǣȴӴӲ
ˣ˵ˡѩϳĻ
㶸Ȼɲס죬κСʣĲȥү𣿡
ѩڰ֣ȥɣһ˾
һۣεʼ磬׷˳ȥݣ˿ˮƵģǰǲϲү䲻£үΪۿģѵֲǰĹ𣿡
Ц㲻㲻
үѾ˰Ҫأ̾
Сܾ谮ҪʲôûУǲͬ΢һͷôġ
үݶˣҪԭ£Ҳ̫ˣҶү㰦̾
ү㣬ϣԭүҲ㣬ˡеԶԡ
ƵֻϣܹҸ
ҸǷҪүģĶǲҸЦ˵
¥ʱպʹԴΣ۾һƬڣ˿׷״ϲ
үүˣūЦ
¥෢ʹĶͷôƣ
ڴߵĶжȻüһٴеӣ¥ʵǰ˻Σ¥ʵ۾ȴ޷Ӧ¥ʵǰΣҾ͸ˡ
ջ֣ͷصһȥ㼸յơ
¥ʻ˻ԴĹԽ֪ùȥڻָһ˿ϧǰӰأ
ΡΡʣүܿ𣿡
¥ʵ˵ͷȳȥҺͶлҪ˵
Ļ£ֻʣ¥ʺͶˣ¥ʲƵؿڣ۾ܿһЩǺģ֪ǻǸģʧǰף
кΣ֮ǰŽңΪʧġ
ܲκã
Բ⣬ܴѪܲҩҲ֪ĿǰûʲôգҶᾡе
ʧ
¥ʴۣû뵽ֻҲһ˿ңΪڣڻʧû뵽죬Ÿհһ˵仰ȻҪʧˡ
ôˣ
ܺãûˣǰﻹȥһ˴ΣһƣվæŴ︮飬ܳ˯òġе
¥ʣŶ
Ҫ뿪飬ûеʲô뷨Ŭô࣬ҲΪҪ뿪𣿡ʡ
¥ʣǲһҵ𣿡
У
ǿǲŽͱһ㶼νԼҵģоú档
ԸͱһҵǾýˣᣬﲻҲԭң뿪Ӧͼƻõģӽ̩¼뿪
֪ѩ˼´Լƣʱʵ⣬ƵʱҲʵ⣬Բȣ˼ֻʣ¸
¥ʿڴӭϣʹر˱۾
м̸֪˵ʲôã¥ʵһжã

 131 

ʲôãҷİ, , ģе˵۾, ȫʧ, Ӧûʮ°, ʱ䲻, úϧ
βã
û, ܼ, ֮ǰһҶδҵκõİ취, ĿǰһСа̾
¥˶٣֪ˡ
, һ̹ǵʹ۵Щš, е֪ʹˣʱܵʱ, Ǻ޸о𣿡
ϻ, ȥ½
ѩٴĴ޼֦, ʻٶˣɷǺÿ, ѩһһ޼ȥүˡ
ѩ޼֦Ķһ٣ʵô
лү, Ŀǰ֪˿ţκʱ˵ѩеĲˮӦ
ѩš᷿ݲԶݣȹո͵ˣȣţѩ͸Ĵȥ
᷿ԼܿеӰ
ѩԵѹ֣ǿʲô֪˶ãջĿ⣬ԾϸĹӰǹӰҲЩء
̽ʣҪȥ
ãûˣԼҵġ
ֹȰȰѩ뵽ѩӲӣȴûж˵̾˿תȥˡ
᷿԰¥ʵǰ¥ʿڴϣ˸ѲãЩƣߣ˵÷ѾԵҳ˵á
뽲
¥ʽóݸš
ʲôܸ£Իֵ̿
һ֮ϵˣժ¥Ȼ֮ȥͶйԻƴǣӽ󣬳ҪʲôǱʲôٲ¥ʵ¡¥ʵ
Դʧɫ
ժ¥ߵڣѾģҲʦǰУǸųвǰ̣ңţҴǣҲ˼ɵܳá
ǡ
Ҳˣ¥ʴԵĻ㰴˵ãضԣҲˣˡ
ԺȻϵǧء
ȥɣضԣҲ
¥ʹ׿ͷص¸ˣ򰲡
¥£ԳĬ˳оվſڣüȻڣΪβ˵Ҫ
Ǳ˼ǣ˵ûժ¥ױ˼ɵܸųȻõȥժ¥ߵһǲףúôš
أ
һҽ֮ˣͲȥǸˣժ¥ްʥ֡
ԳĬ뿪¥ʵ˼ûжԣǰͷһƬкҪĶһҹ֮Ȼʧȥץסץס
ǰ·ҪĶȴѾԶȥ
ѩ¥ʽժ¥λýȥ֮ʱ˸˯ѣ۾Щţ裬ʵ˭˵ģ
ҵʱ᷿֮⣬׶ġ
ժ¥ɱ֯¥ʼȻ⽫ժ¥Ȼһƿժ¥ժ¥⵱λ߼ɵǳ֮ƣΪժ¥棬õûʲôֵġѩ
ܾﲻԾ 
¥ʲΪжд̣Ľժ¥ȥⲻΨһ·Ϊȴ˾Ͳأ
ժ¥ʦģ飬ժ¥Ȼĸ飬ԣ׸õǽ
ֻҪժ¥λ߲ڲܽܲǡ
ѩ˼¶ҵúú롣
ѩһֱ¥ҵȣʼղ¥᷿߳ţֻ֪¥˵أʱĴǰ뿪жأȴ֪
ֻżسƣһ˴󲡵ˡ
ѩգ˯Ȼү´ˡ
ղ´ɼƶأѩ¥Լ¥ʵУ˰ʱȴֻһ䣺үˡ
ѩ
𣿡ʡ
δ֪үˣ﹬ⶼҪүţͷֻүţһжƺ˵ش
ˣ¥żΪʲô
ѩ
˼ֲүνģࡣ
ѩȻվ
ۣű飬ȣĺȴһ亹ŵ裬üĿΣûп
λϸ˵ġ
ѩ˫ЩλϣסصָɵطףΪλΣ
ǣվסɡ
ѩͫһ룬롣
˳ȥ
¥ʴʱɫѾҹųһ·᷿ſڣ¥ݵķĿ
ʣҪȥ𣿡
ѩ
ȻȴڵӳǰվվȣŲѣ˫ֶֹסط˵仰;ľƣμ
ӣɣϲ˶ˣֻϲ
ݰɣˡ¥ʵ
תͷʱѩӦƵģֽƿȴֻ᷿ﻺϵŴ
үѾˣսݡ
ѩĳģΪ¥ʻᾶֱȴû뵽Ҳֱӻݣ
뷽跨ߣ
ջӦûδţóЩ嵭͹ȥѩԸ˳㿴ǲվˡ
һ仰˵øء
ҲʶԣæӦȥԸ¡
ѩһֱڵĻظԼһʱݣѩҡҡͷȥ࣬⣬˵үѾ˯ˡ
˱ŵԱߣѩ˰ɡ
գһ˯Ժģߴ˯еѩȻѣƿЬӶܵƿ
ʱ仹磬峿ĵһոմƺڰϣֻԶȥıӰԶȥ´ջ֡
һͷС¥ʵ࣬Ѿ˯ˣūžûݡ
¥ʵ۾Ǻڶһ˵ÿʮ࣬ȥ
ȥʱﻹŵơ

 132 

ҳ     
  ȫ   APP

ʱ䣺2020-03-19 10:58:41
 &copy;ѧ 鹹 ģ Ȩ Ȩؾ ʶĶ   

 133 

ѩûп
ӹԺ, ҴĲҵ, ҰɽԺסҡңΪж·, ΪѾ뿪ͷ, Աļƻ˳ʵʩ, 𣿡
ѩͷ
أΪϻ뾣
ϲ, Ů˵ļ֮ɱ˵, ϲ, Ȼϲ, Σ, 㲻ľؾңڴҲ˳ѡ
¥ʣ
ļƻ, ؼﶼƽȥ, ȫû뵽, ЩΣҾ鷢̫ͻȻ, ʼղѾˣ, ֻ¸ܽһ
Ϊ뿪ɷѿģѵá
Ӳ֪Ȼô, ȽҪͷܼƻ飬Ҳˡ
㲻һġѩ
һߣü⣬Ҳ˳ػصˣҲֻ͵͵ˣ㻹ҪҷĴڣúۣˣѵҲûйϵ𣿡ϴ䡣
ɣ㱾ңߣǸί
ǲ
¥ʺȻúΪǧټģ뷽跨ϲΪΪǵͷȴ˵
ҲãҲãɲŸ㡣
Ҳ˵ûһĲ㣬뽫ߣǸˣԼԸûй˼Ը̸϶á
Խ䡣
ǧټҪңֺοǿ㣬¥ʴгƾݸѩҪģ°ɣʱ뿪ʱ뿪ٲܵԼ
ƾʥּ
¥˵ѩ֪ʲôȻǻϴ͵ĺ顣
ΪҪ飿ѩţ㲻úˣȴܽʹֻΪҪ飿
ⲻҪ𣿡¥ʼӣŵѩǰʯϣǧټҪʧ°ɡ
ѩ
뿪ƴҲҪ˵ȥɣȴ뿪
ѩδ뵽ġ
㡭¥ʲ԰׵ͻȻǲҪˣ
¥ʱһжڣˡ
ˣôżߣѩ⣬Һ룬ҲôżɣȫԵƺЩȥϰɣûʲô֮𣿡
¥ʣ֮𣿡
ѩҡͷͦġ
¥ʻʹѾЩŲסѩЩû⣬ѩ뿪ңúðɣ
ȻЩ˸УҲ֪ΪΣദþˣЩ飬ٵ뿪Щ᲻ãǰûм޸ʱҾ͹úܺá
޸ˣȴˮ֮У¥ʽӻ֪ʹ඼Ҵģǲ޸ң֪öã㲻ģΪҡ
ǵģԭҲúùӵģǱֻˡ
Щź
һΪһͻʥּΪ޸¥ʣٵòˣټˣȥ磬ɽӺĹޡ
ŻƾվȥϢɣˡ
ʲôʱߣ
հɣϾҪʰĶͦģҾͰ󣬡ѩ˶٣ϣҲܹúá
»ͤȥ
ȻһֱֻȻ¥ʱԴļޱֱʱʵʶӽ󣬽һˡ
¥ʣʲôѩ
𶯣ұһһ˻Ƶ˵
ѩȻͲˣţ󱳿ϣ·ܸܵȻͷȻ;ζӡ
ѩҲ˵ûһˣҪԼҪĸҪҪĸǰҲ֪㣬֪ˣȴѾ̫ˡ
ѩۿ
ڰϮģĹӰȥֻʣޱ޼ʵĺڰ˿ӰˣҲЦҲ䳰Ҳᡣ
ɿ֣߰ɣͷ
ѩųȥԽģ߳һξŻͷͤϹӰʣֻʣ¥һ˰ţڰһҹ·
ܸоޱ޼ʵļįûڼž֮УԶҲ߲ˣͻȻ߻ȥ߻ȥһ
û߻ȥ
˵ͷͷҲûлͷ
ѩŸ۾ͽүҹҹ뿪
ѩüͷһ壺ҹ뿪ˣƻδðȥ
˵ȥɽԺˣ˵࣬ʺүүԸҹȥɽԺסţҲȥɽԺ
ѩ´Ь˼
裬ã¥ʺ𣿡ѩתʡ
Ǿֻ֣˼Ҳүϣұ㲻ö˵Ȼ˳ұʵʵ˵ˣǶүܲ
ﲻ
α֪أү˼ǶĿõģںˣλż뿪ãүڶʲô𣿡
ѩҲˣ˲ž֡
˵ܽʹֻΪרȥ飬ķߣαؼһʱҪǣоȻҲ
ѩҹû˯ãЩƣϣԺʣ¥żʲôȻѾ飬ΪҹᵽɽԺ
ڶʲô
Ѿȫ뿴ˣ
ԣ¥ʲˣӱܵˣһʲôԭżȥú飬ż뿪ٳǰ
ѩԴҲû뵽ľƣ
ȥʰɣǰᵽɽԺȥסʱ
Ϊβȥžˮүͷ˲֪ϣȥأү룬ȥɽԺʲô
Ѿǳ޵ĹٰȥסʼղʣɽԺȻѾҵ£ȻҵĸۡסɽԺסʡѩ
ЦԼϲɽԺɣ
Ȼⷽԭ򣬵ҪģˣϽʰɣȡʹȥѩ˸
ѩסãʤǽκѲ֮ģʮӣЩأʰҪСģ֮⣬кܶճҪõǶţëʱ䣬
ѾʰղŽжװѩðܹܰʮһٶȫ͵ɽԺɽԺס
ôһڣͻʱ䡣
ɽԺĹϣػصæȻʵ¥ʵϢ𣿡
°ݷĻܣԻش𣺡ûУ˵ɽԺΧֻ񶼷ɲȥ̽Ϣˡ
Ҳûгѩ
ûаϲʹ𡣡
ѩŶû˵ˣ¥¿Ƣκֵ¥ʻʱ˵һ¶
Ҫȥ𣿡ʵ

 134 

ѩһ, Ȼ, ԼˣȻѾ¥ʺ룬Ӵһ, ٲ, ټ, к, ͽˡ
ź˿, Ǵ, ȻҪϣȻöϸɾ
˱۾, Ц˰, شˣҲûʲôʵġ
ɽıԺشɽɽ, ıԺ, ɽϻкüҵıԺ, еĵشɽеĵشɽ, ɽԺԺһ, ıԺһԭź˲࣬¥ʰ󣬱ˡ
¥ǰժ¥, ժ¥¥ˣѰ𣬱ڱԺﰲԺȫ
հõҩ˽Է¥˻ڴϣû
ҡͷүûأү˵ɡ
Ǻҩʱ˰зԸˣҪʱҩЩż¥ʳ˶пĻ֮ҩȻվվʱȴûгʱͤѩֱ֮ӻͤʱͷҪ뿪
ܵشûеõеϢҹ˼ʱϼˣԷһɣա
¥ûӴ
ÿʮʱҪ˯ʮʱʱںҩûоҲûо˭˵仰
Ψһʹǣأ
ѩѾסɽԺЩ¥ʱʣȥõģ¥ûʲôرķӦҩ˯ˡ
ү˯ţҽү𣿡ʡ
ֱҡͷ¥Ƣ˯ʱϲǶ֪ΪҪҩ⽫ѣᷢƢ
̾ͺˣûʲôġ
ɫࣺԺүǰˣСĴү£Ѿˣйϵˣүţܱܰɡ
õȫô֪үϢأ
һץץͷ˵Ҳе
ҩݣ¥ûѣҩСϣһŨصҩζҩζѾϰˣ춯̻ͷ
¥Ѿˣֻǲδ۾ʵʲôʱˡ
յʱúҩˣūŸҩҩ˵¥ʵǰ¥ȥӣڰգָȴûдҩ롣
һᣬҩ¥ʵ¥ʶҩͷһҩ¡
ҩζܿ࣬ȴѾȫȻоˡ
ǹ𣿡¥ʺȻʡ
ǹûУ۽ҪԵ𣿡ŵʣ֪¥ѾʧȥζҩĿǹҲоҪ۽ʲô
ҩϲһǣԺҺҩҲһǰɡ¥˵
ȻֻñǼԽɬۿ˲ᣬҿ޳ֻԼţӣſǻū
Ž¥ʶֻܳЩʳžһ࣬۾ģ¥ʵҲҶʣź¥ţֱ¥º󣬲ź˫˫ŵ˳ȥ
ūߵ⣬ĨĨ۽ǵү̫ˡ
˭֪ү࣬Σ̾үٿ࣬ҲҪǵūŵҪ
ȥܲǸ취ѵǾؿүҷ𣿡̲ס˵ոүҪǳԣҩǣϰߣү᲻
ү᲻ȴүӵ飬ūŵģܸıʲôüǵūŵӵ뷨ھȥ
Ȩ֪ɡ
пϣūŵĶԻҡҡͷȰǲҪš
С
еү¸԰뿪ҪԭˣܿĿ΢΢Ҫκ˵ģ𣿡
ͷɥػӦ֪ˡ
ү۾β𣿡ʡ
üͷ壬˦˦Ҳ취ֻǻûѡ
˵ŻһŻŮӿ첽˹ŮͷϵĽζƺǼܹӣͷһϸϸܵȺ
Ůӵ󻹸żѾߣǽŲҴҡ
һݣݵľȺӭȥ³Ů񣺡򰲡
¥㲻ˮſھʣүأ
ү岻ʣպҩˡش
¥ݣľϣǵȥүҪ
㿴ңҿ㣬үˣϵƻδָأūǲүүֻ¸
˵жأ¥Ȼθ
˿ڿˮ˵úܣء
¥üĿһݣٶʣֱԷȥ˫˫ȥǰݣ¥ѾԼˣ˿˾ͿڴϵĴӭϡ
һۣ˫˫˳ȥ
¥ʳ˳ǵ㣬ôͻȻˣ
¥ʹߵ¥ʲ԰׵ʵĻڿƼݵ¥ʵʱһʱ˵ô
жڣ㵣ʲô¥ʰһӾͺˡ
˵ˣҹɽԺﵣģ˵ѩᵽɽԺȥס֣صܹô£¥ʡ
¥ЦЦҵͲõˣҺѩѾϴ˺飬ѾǷˣҲ޹ϵ
¥һԲ۾
ְ¥ֵĻ׻̲סѿڶȥѩǸ˶˼ΪȢģֲǲ֪ݺڽ̩ϣԭǺ룬ʱҲԸ⣬ôˣ
¥ʿЦһûи飬ֺαǿ󡣡
û飿ôûи飿¥ţûи飬ƴȥ¥ʣ˵ʵô£
ûʲôرԭ򣬾ûиˡ
ֻңҿɲС¥¥ʵ۾ôңҴӽڣ㿴Ҳң㿴ҵ۾˵ѩûи飿
¥û΢ŵ̾˿
¥ȥ㵽ô£㿴˵
¥ȻӲ棬Ŀ¥ʵϣ¥ȴԾûпĿƮûһ㣬˫۾ɡ
ⲻһ˸еĿ⡣
¥ָ֣ⷢ¥ʵǰ˻Σ¥ʵ۾Ծɺ޷Ӧһˣ˵˫Ѿˡ
¥Ȼ
ӿ޵᣿ˣ
ɬɬʹӣ¥ʴͷЦ£㣬ѹû£۾ѣҲûʲô˵ġ

 135 

ûʲôȥϴͺ飿¥ȥĨ, 䲻Ƶ, Ĩȥһ㣬ٴ۾ô˵ģ
˵ʱ, ˴, Ϊû, û뵽ͻȻˡ
ǲѩ, Ż룿¥˿, ֻ, ԼţѩȻӴ, ѩӡ󼫺, ʼΪѩ, ¥ʼȻΪ, ¥ʡ
۾, ֪¥֪¥ӣʸ, ưոݣ, ѩҪɣ⸱ӣҲٱˣǰ̫, ߣֻΣգ뿪
㣿
¥䳰Ҿãʵˣս̩ϣ̫վǱߣڰ϶ʮӣôȻֲɵ˺˰̣ǰ̺ʼն뿪ֻǳȫ
ȫأ˭ȫ㣿¥
¥ʺۿٿʱɤѾЩʣⱾҵģֲ
¥ʰҲ̫˰¥˻ƵһںڰжʲôûˣѵѩҲҪʧȥ𣿡
Ȼ֪ģںڰεģ
ҲģЦĿޣ˵ģӵģ׵üģķģ
ܿ磬ȴܿ
ǲΣܣҪܣ˹Ӳдػţˣôţ磬ֻżϢˡ
ûʲô˵ġ¥ʳʹر˱۾֪
ţܾܲôˣˣҲκϢˣ֪úòãҲ֪ǿģǲġ
ûţúá
¥뿪¥ʵԷʱ˫ͨ죬ףΪ˲̣¥ԳͶףֱ񶾼ĸץժ¥ܷ˵ѵ
ϲһȴǸЫĳĶѵȢѩһŮӣȴΨһҲʧȥˡ
ʧȥʧȥ˹ʣʲô
ֻʣһִ
¥ĨĨᣬſڵǺչү
Ӧǣ¥뿪¥ԸȥɽԺ
ѾˣʱѾˣȵɽԺɫѾҹˣֻ±㲻ܻظˡ
¥ǽվͲظˣ˻ȥ˵һҾЪɽԺˣһٻظ 
ѾӦǡ
ɽԺɽֱζˮϵͤŲ裬ѩϣһƷһ߿䣬Ǹ⡣
ϴ뿪̫æûкúҪﳤסľȻҲÿˣôеסһӣҲǺõġ
ˣ
λ
ү׽㣬¥ͻȻǰΡ
ѩæȥӭɽԺ¥ҲֹһΣ·Ϥúܣκֱߣڰ·ӭѩ
ѩų񣺡򸣡
һ򸣡¥㶣˿ǰֽѩ¥ʺˣҲˣ
Ѿ¥ʵˣȻûʸп㣬ɫѾˣʲô£˵ɡѩ
¥Ҳǿѩݣ㣬Ҳûʲôر飬ֻ˵¥ͻȻˣ֣Ҳ㣬
л񰮣ûµġѩ
¥´һۣˣѩȷõúܡ
ã¥ȴܲң¥뵽¥ʣɵԽۣǷ޺ˣ¥ʹñңѩȴûƵģҲ̫Щ
ݣѩ¥£Ը¥衣
¥Ѿ²ùĴЦе㷢ࣺҿ㽫ⶼ²һǴﳤס𣿡
ѩƵص˵ͷžҺϲǴﳤסġ
ˣ
˰ɣסͦõģңһ޹˵ģٻȥҲǺܺʣϾҵܵҲҪȢӵģǸסһң˵л
ѩϸ˼ģǰ׵ʱҪ䵽ʱ˵ĵģһʼͲҪȥ
ұԺܴ󣬿ͷҲ࣬ǵסЩʱգҲǼΪģҲʱȥסЩӣܷ㡣
ʵûҪٰȥס
¥⣺ٳأǵðȥ
ѩŲѣЦݼΪᣬЦǲټˡ
ټˣ¥Ծ㻹˫ʮôͲˣѵⱲӾôһ˹
ͦõģһһ˵ĺôŮҲǷҪ˵ģȹЩӣȶұȥ濴һáѩ
Ůв˵ģ¥𾪵ѩЩδţѹ¥˵ѩɡ
ѩЦ
¥ѩ˵ʵǲǱ¥˵̫أԶŮӼ˵飬Ѿײ뷨ˣһ˹ȼӸã
ǣһΪ¥һ˾ͷˣʵǴݺ¥ȴҵ飬ϣͦõģûʲô⡣
ΪλҪأ¥⡣
ȻΪҰѩЩź˵Щ飬˱ˣζֲˣΪ˺Ѿɣ޿ˡ
УôʱҲû뵽˳֤𣿡
û˳֤ûйϵҵɷ򣬱Ӧվߣ֪ʱ֪ȢҲԸǿҵɷңκҪʱûǱˡѩЩε˵
˰¥סѩ֣˰Ըȥ㣬Ը㾡ҸͲԸٸһλ𣿡
ѩ֣ʲô
ûᣬԼĵܵܣǰ㣬λ߰¥ңڻ
ʲô
¥ûʲô
ǸմɽԺİɣѩ¥ֹ⣬֪¥ھҵʱˣ뿪ʱѾƶ˴ˣӺã֮ǵģ赣ġ
¥վѩǰãǸĵĺùȴãĪʯͷģҲ֪Ȣ㲢¥ԸѵһδĲԭ֪ж֪˺ö˶˵վǰȥ˽ģĵعĹ𣿡
ѩס
ǰеģһеĹĺչˣΪļƻ˳ɡ
¥վ¥¥ʵ׽㣬Ȼվ¥Ǳߣ¥֣оʮ֣ʮ֣УҲֻ֡
ͬ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ˵һȥ

 136 

СܵĽҲԵŮӲͬ, Ů˽ΪŮӱӦó, ӦӣӦзҵأӦԺ޴ӷ, ӡ
Щ, ﶼвͨ, ü޲˵, ν
Ǯ, ûûŮҲܹþ, ǷҪˡ
¥ôҲĽ, 㲻, ѩ̫ʵʵ˵, ҵ, Ѿ¥ɱˡ
¥Ȼ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ѩЦЦɫѾ, ˸׼ͷסһ, ʲô飬˵ɡ
¥޿κεص˵ͷá
ѩԸѾȥ׼ͷ, ¥Լ˵˰죬ѩȴһ˿ҡӣɵؾЩĻ䣬ȻҲ֪ԼЩʲôˡ
, ѩ¥
¥ʼֹǰȻסѩ֣мְѩ֪ЩΪ㣬ܲȥɽԺ¥ʣ
ѩЦҺ¥ѾǷˡ
ǵǷްڣȥòãѾݵòˣ˶ӣȥȰһȰúõġ¥
һõǰޣӦһġ
¥
¥ʽԼȢŮӣµǼȻѾˣ㲻Ӧź˿˭áѩ͵
¥û˵ˣԼ˵ѩ˵ʲôܱѩס죬һᣬʵҪأ
ѩܵģжء
¥
ûˣ¥¥ѩΪ⣬֪¥ʷߣرĸԸǻҪ˰ɡ
裬ѩ˰ȥ飬¥ʵ˵ô
æȥţϢܿ촫ʱѾڶϣѩ￴飬ȥû鵽ɽԺ鶼鲻
ѩòҪ˰ɡ
ҪǲģȥɣϾǷޣҲûգүĲΣ˼ΪүˣԲŸүģҲá
ϣȥ
ǾãүĴģһӣһģףαŹȥ鲻أүҲһĴġ
ѩ˼ֵ룬үΪ˾ʱܵˣԼģϣмүǰ㣿
ѩ˿
˰ɣѾˣҾ֪ǲĿˡѩ
裺˵жڣү𣿡
ֻĻˣֲȲ˶ȥˣ¥˲ΣǰҲʲôֵ顣
ҪҰһˣ
ѩ취УɽԺΧģϢ˲ȥ˵ע⣬һˡ
赽ߵ裬¥ôҲ档
ȥɣδ¥ʻɣ˳㶫ȥѩúȫ
գ컹δʹѩ̴ľгǰɽԺɽԺΧţһͱ˵⣬ȥͨûһȥ
Զˣ롣
ȥʵүϵƺ𣿡
ţЦݷ࣬쵽£˲裬ڨЦүδѣҵȻүˣٸү˵
ʱѾ쵽ˣôүû𣿡еʡ
үˣЩӣ϶ڴţ˯ʱ࣬ŵʱ٣ү֪ˣ֪ˣܸ˵ġЦ
ֻǸˣүʲôɸ˵ģ費
Ϊߵ˰϶֪ɣ
ȷ˼
ǱˣˣʹﻹǹүүȻˣˣүˣǻ˵þ˯ˡ
ЦЦû˵
¥ʱպ磬ڣţȴһɺŨصҩζ軨ڻϣ뽫ҩζɢһЩ
»¥ʵүˡ
¥ӭ¥ʿȥˣ
ǵģ˾ڴأ˵ǷģҪԼ𣿡ʵ
ʲôģ
û˵ūҲҶʡ
¥ʳĬһʰһ£ҾԱߵ
豻Դ˹¥ľϣţľϣȴŴ棬ʱֻܿ¥ʵıӰ
ų¥񣺡ūүү򸣡
紵¥ʵϣյķЩϲǺ¥ʵĶͷϸ費ضɡ
ڨЦūǷҼҹ֮ģү¡
¥һסľηֵ֣ɵؼʲô
轫̴ľ˫ַϣү͸СĳΣС˵ȻѾˣǰЩӦû
¥ʵָǷ˰ס
˳ٿڵʱɤѾЩ˻ƣͳȥĶȻûջĵȥ˵ǲϲ˰ɣҪҡ
ߵ¥ʵϸ¥ʾվڴ£߲ȥЩʧһˣȴ¥ʵ涼ûƼ
үĻūʵתҼҹүûбķԸūˡ
¥ûӦ
ߵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼֱ¥ʽס
סŲ¥ŵүԸ
ȷ紵¥ʵϣ崫ϸϸܵʹʹԶϵʹ˳ʵɺã
סɽԺϲÿûµʱͿżճ䣬ͦõģлүġ
¥ʿЦ£Ȼ֪뿪Ҳúܺá
ȥɡ
صɽԺʱѩںԺֻȻҵµȤԺŪһСأֻ
ɫδҹϦбб£ӰϦĹӰ֮УɷǺÿ
ŲѩСӵֶ˶٣ͷ裬ĵʣ¥ʱ𣿡
ˣش𣬡û棬үһֱңҲƵǰȥүıӰү˵˻
ֻѩ֣˻ˣҲûݰ
Ҳ֣ϸϸؽĶԻк¥ʵĶԻѩ˵үȻԸңΪ涼
ô֪ѩԽȥ
ЩңܾﲻԾ˰Ļӣתͷ裺˵Һ¥ʺ룬ǿ˻׬ˣ

 137 

û׬, ǲү, Ľɽɽģүϲ, ȥﲻȥѵүȥҿ, ү, 뷽跨һȥ, İȫ, 벻ͦõ𣿡
ѩе¥Ҳûʹ, ֱҪ˺鰡
ѩǧټүôţ, ڱ, Ȼֻϴͺˡ
ѩ˵ģе
ΪʲôҪ뿪, Ϊܾƽ, ʱڽ̩ܵί, ӦþͽֻΪ⵹¥ݣͱĨƽ, ˣȴʲô۶ûи
С, жг𱨳ƾʲô¥ʾɽҹ
ңΪ¥˽, ΪʵԼֻȱԲӲؽߣԣҪ롣
¥ȴ˵ȥʹҪ˺飬ѩ֮ģôż뿪ܾãӱʲô
ȰҪȥү
ѩ룬׻Ǿ¥ûʲôɼģ˰ɣˡ
Ȱ޿κΣֻգͷæԼȥˣѩϲΪԼȻһɽԺûŪԭίҲùˡ
˵ڶգճţܹܹˡ
ѩţɡ
ܹܴ˺һ͵֮⣬кһ˱ܹܽЩȫŵѩǰϣѩֵЩү¸ģ㶼ǹĶˡ
ѩЩ˿ĲҵһЩӣжټҲһģܹ͹ĶռһĲƲ
аȪһֵķ
ңѩĪ
ܹܵЩѾȫת£ǹĲҵˣү˵ϣ°ܹʳǣЩǸĲ
ѩе𾪵˵źĳ㻹趼𾪵Ŵֱͣš
ѩ𾪺ʵܹܣ¥ĲҪ𣿡
ȣܹܶͷϷðģүǡ
ЩҸʲôҺȱǮ𣿡ѩʣĿǰµĲƲѾ㹻ʳˣĶҲҪ
ܹܵү˵ϲ棬Щʳǣӽү˵˵ŮӶϲãүԼֻðɡ
үܵûͦģˣôࡣ
ܹڨڨүֻϣܹúá
ѩЩķõǰӦѾ˵ģԼƺ͹¥ʣˣĻҲͦġ
ǵ֪ˣһȥɡ
ܹܹ¡
үʲô˼ôһʲƲΪˣɲһСĿȪֵļֵ޿ɹүȻôã
Ҳúܾ档
ǰ¥˵ĲƲôӻôӻΪ⣬Ϊ˵˵ѩ֪ԭǳġ
֮ǰ֪Ǯܸ˰ȫУҪͣǮʹĥǮԽ࣬ܰҲԽ࣬ѩϲǮ
ϲȻҲϲ
ôĲƲˣ˵ܸģ׵õһ·οЩү¥ʵġ
ѩ鸴ӡ
үĶðʱүãģѾˣүΪү𣿡
ѩƯķ΢΢˳һۣ㵽ıߵģѲ¥ʸܶǮ㣬רҶ˵ûģ
ίū澿ûб򡣡
ѩø೶ǮƷ棬ǸĴģ˼ȻĸԸ͸תµ̶Ѿˣѹˡ
ֻǲ֪¥ʽȢ˱ŮˣԷ֪Լ֮ĲƲ᲻ֱӱ
ѩЩֻǵں˼롣
¹߱Ϣذûգ˪ˣѩ⣬ϾɽԺȻкܶ಻֮
˪Լȥ԰ֻʣѩˣ֪û߳ɣԭǶܵģû뵽¥ʻ׼Ǻ롣
Ҳû뵽ܹǺ¡ѩ
ѩԲЦЦ㵹ǳЩʮֲұܷˡ
ʲôãɽµСмУҪʲôʮַ㣬ոǱĺõط¥ôƲңϲĻЦ⡣
ҲլӺأҲУж٣
˵ѩȥ¥͸Щ͵˹ǰȥЦ⡣
ûж𣿡ѩ
֣˿𽥲һ߿һߵôࣿȻȪ֣ȫ͸ˣ
ѩͷȻҲ֪ôģȷЩѾȫҵˣôƲĻҼ޸¥Ҳûпɣ
һۣǶʮˣ밤ʮӣǸҪЩƲ
ѩ룺ʮӻЩƲҲˡ

ѩ£˵һЩ飬Ǹϣ¥ʷ书ϳ꾩Уϴˡ
ʵе޹ǱˣҲû취ƽҵļƻ޷ʵʩѩЩϧǰɱ֣֪˶ٳУ书ϳ꾩°ǻˡ
ҲãְǱ㣬ûоְ㱻ɱΪūŶǸģ¥ûҪѾǸ⿪ˡ
ѩ֪˼
ϣƵأЩɱֲģ̫أѾˡ
ֵ֪ϲǣ޹Ǹϣɲ޹¥ߵˣûε飬˭֪᲻ŷӶԸ㣬Ǻ£ֻܶԺԻˣںԼ
ѩͷЦЦ֪õҡ
ֵգ游ȥμ˷̫ӡ
Ϊ˱飿游ȥʵģ
֪ʲôµõѾȥ̫ˣҵʱźҲѾˣʵڷѾ游ȥ˷̫ӣҲˣ㵱ʱУȷڲˮ˶ҺǹˣҲˡ
ôŵģ
պͶƣ游游飬УѾǰݣĵһг䶨̫ƽˡ
ѩЦڲѾ̫ƽô
æҪ飬пйʹ¥Ϊκ룬˵¥ϰţϧûлˡ
¥˵أϲ¥ϰ䣬¥ƺˣȥɡ
㲻԰
¥ѧ䣬кιϵǸʲôʲôұˣ¥ոߣѧ°빦ʧΪһ¡
˼˷ʱ˵ɡ
ɽԺסգȻ˪ɽԺѩԼѩ˪֮ǰ˵Ӧ¡
ʱ÷ɿ죬գ۾͵˰£³ʮѩ˪ظ
·ʢֵʱ򣬽ĵøˣȻͣǰסǵȥ·
Է·ɡѩ
䣬ֵǲˣԷѾ·ˡ
¶ѩƿȥ·ͣһɫƽѩͣɫƽԱߵˣȻ뾡
Ŀⲻɵһ                        
лҪ˵˫

 138 

ĿⲻȻһ
ڴ, ôĶȻ¥, ֪ΪΣȻе̾΢ŵ̾˿
ѩнԶ, ֮, г۾źڲ¥ʵԭɽԺס, ٽ, Ӧǻž۵ġ
¥ûӦ, ڳ, ˵ޱ顣
ǶУ˿̶²׼¥ʵʲô, , 룬Ȼܰ, Լİ˾ǰ, ȴš
ѩ˵仰, ûǸˡ
¸԰꣬Ȼ⸱Աģ, ʵ꣬вʵү, ۾û£㻹𣿡
¥ʿڳϣأԿЦ£ֵõģһз, ʵ䲻ȥԼҪ
Ǿǲˡ
û鰮ζ¥Ӱǰʱʱ̶̿ڸ鰮ܸ˴ʹĶΪԼȫ룬òҪ
㣬㿴ʲôأ˪⣬ƿɫƽȥкر֮𣿡
ѩҡͷûС
˪¶ЦǾر֮ˡ
ѩ³ָ˴˪ţ龫
˵ˣ˭˪ʣ˭ֹˮĽ㶢һ
ѩҲشǰ򡣡
˪ȵѹ֣ڿ쵽ˣҲôɽԺˣ游˵ʮֿǸ˲ţڽίΡ
游Ѿʼ˵ЩˣѩЦ
ҲСˣЩãȻҲã¥ˣΪЩҲ˽һЩҹţףگͻ
ԼϻۣѩȻˣѵ֪ЩǴ˳ȥԲͻǳǷǣܶ˵
İɣƽһ֪ġ˪Ц
ѩЦЦ
¥δãصֱصɽԺԷϢ˺üʱʮƣȫ᲻ɵϺûһ˯ˡ
һֱ˯ڶϣ˯ЩˣԴģźϴͶŽ
ѾǿܳЩʳ֮ĶһԲܳԵ̫࣬ʳʳΪ¥ùţεԺ¥ʵԺȥɹ̫
ã̫ɹ˵ϣɹůġ
ԺƮɢʻЩʻѩֲģ¥ʾôţǼƮɢʻ㱼䣬оѩߡ
ϲڷʲôʻ
¥ʴ߻ЦߴЦֵ֣еܵӲͷƤү˵¡
¥ʲδ˯ţʣʲô£
ˣ¥ʵɫС
¥üͷ壬ɵץεķ֣ʣ˭
ԶĴү˵ž̲סޡһǸʲôȻҲȥȢҲԼգԼǸʲôӣ
¥ɫ
ʱѩԭ̫̫Ժ̫̫ģĵһʱ򣬱ɽеԺ
ﻹһӣԲ֣Լֻ߳һͷűɫĻͷģһùʣӡ
Ҳ֪ɽΪʲôųɽʵλǣ
ЦλԶĴ
ǰһѩò𾪵ϰ춼ûлع۾ֱˣкüС檣˼ѩһò
޹˵Ůˣôôÿأ
ѩﻹźü֣ɽĻλִ׵ġ
ѽִԭȢӵģԭȥ궬Ⱦ˷纮ûסδ˾ȥˣﻹС檣һճִ˵Ǽ޹ȥޣ˭ҲҸɫλЦ
ⷬҲѩ˵Цˡ
һЦ÷Ҳˣѩֵ¼С㣬С񡣡
ɽװڸеûţˣֻˣûб˼ף
ѩЦŮȻס
ò⣬֮£Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣɽڰԼҵŮг࿴˵ģɽ򸾣ҪѩԼ˼
ЦʣС˼ǣ
ȥһ꣬żˣͲȥķĿ𣿡ѩסЦ⣬Ƴۿһۣ˵ģ
ϵЦеҲסףɵȵٰ졣
ŶʲôʹҸ׵أΪ޹ˣδ޹ˣִӿɻҸףѩʡ
С㷼ïδ޹ˣȻӵģȻȡ衣
ڸΪѾֵǮ𣿡
ѩĻ̣СϾѾ޹ˣ꾩ԸȢΪ޵ģֻûж٣޸£ĸõġ
ϰȣѩȸԼȷ磬΢΢˿ƵִӣԼϻкüأûǲˣֵõң㻹ǴĶĶȥɡ
ϵЦݳ׿ŭңƾʲôң֪˶ô˵޹˵Ů˺ɷŮ𣿶ЬһЬ㻹ң
ǰѩҲЦҲվӿԼʲôӣͷģҲңôô
ԭֱֻӾܾЩ׵˶룬ûǼȻһͱˡ
㡭ý
ʲô㣬¥ֻһŮ˻һҪ룬ƾʲôҿ㣿ԴǱ¿˰ɣѩû֪֮ҾŮ˾һƷ˴ûа˿øУĶϽ뿪ɡ
Ͳˣһ޹˵ģʲôýģ
ѩЦЦûʲôýģ㲻ҲȢң˵ʲôýģ

ѩ˸ǷߵԺȻɫҪŽǸԼ˶Ȣң¥Ҳ̫ԩˣ

ѩߺڨЦ£ִӣҼҴƢֱ˵̫棬ӱһСŮӼƽϡ
ɫҲң˹ֵˡ´ˣǡ
ɽȻţִ롣
һǻŭ뿪ˣؼҵ;УΪ˳·ѡһϡٵС˭֪·ϺȻܳüˣЩ棬ŵڽߵĻûֵʱ򣬼Ҫܣɿ׷ȥһԴ϶ķͷһٿᣬ໽У̯ڵϰ춼û
Щ˼ˣͷһ֣˾롣
ʱ¥ʻɹ̫õϢæȥү¶ѾˣֵĴŶ뿪϶Ǳ˸ܾˡ

 139 

¥ɽǲͬŻµġ
Ϊʲôô϶, ò⡣
¥ֲò˫ȫнɽɽѩûκҵү, Ƕϲοʲô
¥Ĵָ˵û, ӽֺͷͷ˿, ʲô, Ҳ˼, Ҳ, ʵǺˡ
˲ˮ¥ʽʣ, ˣûϵ𣿡
ʲôϵ, Ҳѵ, ԺȥףѩûаӿԹˣЩʱ, ɱӺǱҪġ

ʵ, ȷԼûд˽𣿿ֻ, ʣ, 꾩ԻѩǰŮ, ܻвò˫ȫȢġ
ʱǼүֻ»絶
ѩ뵽, ַͻȻţشǾҶױҲˣƾʲô˰ʲôʸˣ
һ£ѩҲǲ⡣
ַˣӱˣʲôʱ򣿡
Ҷʲôʱ򱻴ǻ᲻֪ڻ׵²أҲ̫ˣҶһ˵Ȼ˴ôô񶾣ַָѩıʡ
ѩַۣˣĶӣǶ⣬˵Ҫ֤ݣ˵˴ĶӣںʱεشģֵǺˣ֤˻߶Էʲô֤ݣǶûУ󺰴Уδ̫Цˡ
һô˵ģˣѾˣ˵Ҫӣôײģַ˳ʡ
ѩЦַˣףΪʲôԼûȥѾǿˣƾ޾ݵҸϴ󺰴Уô۸游˹ְˣѾ۸۸𣿡
ַſڽ࣬㲻һôô
ֱ֪ôˡ
ַû֤ݣ뿪ɣʵдȡֵĿˣѩָ̧Ŵſڣɣַˡ
ַҧ߷ߵصѩһۣŭ뿪ˡ
ֵ˭
˭֪أָǰʲôˣ˼Ҿͳŵʱֱֱˣѩ˺ߣԼ˻һµģˣñ򡣡
ЩȣſڳĴ˴о泩
մѧû˵ǰɽԺˣ
˭˵ģѩʡ
˵ģ㣬㲻˵ǰǺƽĻȥ书Ӧûɣó¥͸ѩ潫ת˺üȦЩ㿴ɣǰܽңܸ
ѩ˱ȥȥɣν
ϲѣȥһˡ
ѩù˭֪ڶտŵʱ򣬴̸ֱίѩ㣬Ǻƽģûɣ
ʱѩ鷿ﻭ̧ͷ˵ͷǰ
Ϊң
㣿ڰɣ軹ȥɽԺһˣ¥Ҳô᲻㣿ѩ룬ûȻֵͷ
ⲻӦ𣿡
ô֪µΪϰ䣬ڸ㣬Ҳü˰ɣȻ˼ҶԸ㣬ͱȥˡѩ
˭ϰ䣿
㲻ʦ𣿡
ǲУһֻֻ֣ᵢҡ
ѩǰ۴Уˣ˾ԺĹѾ߹˵Ƿ̶֮յġ
˭ܺȣձˣʲôɱ˹
ѩһۣ˽˼ҵıûо˼ң
ѩһɣ̵ͷȥһ£ҡӣѩ¥ߵ¥һһаٵı£ƽﶼ¥߱İȫûģ㣬´ࡣ
۾ģ
ѩ⣬ȽֵǣȻ¥ʶԸΪתȴ뾹ϰ䡣
ⲻǰì
¥ƻδãɸ㣬߱ûˣɭϣӦ¡ѩ
Сûʣ㣬߶ʲôأ
ѩ̧ͷ֮ɫβŷӦƵģ˵ûʲôúøѧȹҪ֪𣿡
֣صǡ
ȥѩټЩܾﲻԾ¥ʵһӦӳ̫ˣ϶⣬һʱ벻Ĺؼڡ
ѩɴеĻʣֹͣ
¥ȥȥǲڽϰ䡣
ܿȥѾȥˣ˵һٹԺÿϽ̶ϰһʱîͻ
ѩԸϣǾͽ𴲣
صǡ
ѩƽﶼҪ˯ɹͲ𣬵Ϊȥ磬ѩҲֻʱ𴲣ʰ˴ʱŰԼʰ׵Ϊ˲ϰ䣬뿪ʱȥ
ϰĵطһⷽϰϰʰԺԺӺܴܿտ°һŷͼӣϷŲͲѡ
ȴδţվԱָŲ̧ͷŲķȥѩ̶ֳѩ
ѩڷԱÿһҵܵ䣬ˡ
ޱӦġ
¥ΪλôԽ̣ѩ뾣أǾС
үƻδã̶䣬Բ˵ү£ԶаţģκηԸᡣ
ȷ¥ģǾûġ
ѾˣøĿˡ
뾣үȻҲµӡ
ѩ
øһ˶೶תʵ˵¥ƻδã֮ǰѾ˺ܶ𣿶ˣôƷˣ
뾲ӣӦүԸ£ν̶֮£ȫԸ飬ʲô˵
ѩ
뾴Ըֱˣֱ㶼֪ӣ֪˲ʲôˣЩʧ
æɣˡ
ѩڼڣʮųȥ¥ԿѼƹԽӴһ·ѩضİ죬¥ݵʱѩ˽ɩɩһͷ־Ȼ¥ǡ
㰡һΪҿˣ¥Щϲ⣬첽ߵѩǰ˵ȥɽԺסˣʱģ

 140 

ѩµЦǰ, ڡ
¥Ǹһߵ, ƹЦǺǵ͹½Եʲô
ѩ¥ǵˣ¥ǵԼԵģѩ˳Ի, ûٶ, ʵôˣ
ϲĿѼ, ר̹Ե, ǺԵְ, Ȼ, ¥Цȥѩ֣ȻȻʧֻϧ, ʸˡ
ѩЦ, ӻ
ΪҪ밡ҿʸĸαƵģͻȻ, , ΪʲôҪ, û뵽ȻҸ׼Ǻ룬¥뵽յ, ǲ⣬治֪ʸô, ԼˣҪ
ʺͻĸͬ룬˵ھѾȶвҲѾ, ӣúò㣬ƫƫҪ룬ˣ;ιȥһΣɰѸʺͻĸŻˣʸĳ£ֻˡ
ѩԳұûʲô飬Ҳ˵ˣҲҪϽҺ룬ɼжңҲƽ룬ûʲôۡ
ʸϹðϲ¥ǰ̾
ѩοÿ˵ϲòͬȢҵʱ򣬱ͲԸദôãҲϲңҲûʲôֵġ
ĵ㣬ôȴڰοң¥ǵǰȥ̽ʸ磬˷ڸϣȴҲңɰˡ
ѩţ㣿
ģ¥ţֵĸˣҪȥҲȥδøˣҲȥģûˡ
¥ץѩ֣ڴɩɩʸҪ룬òʲôѵĿ԰ɣ˵ǲҪˣ
ô᣿
ôᣬ㲻֪ڻʹжôҪǶʱԱߴʸһغˣ¶æ̫ҽԺе̫ҽ;Ժѻ˵ʸĺͣһء¥ǻŵʱԾɾ¡
ѩϵЦЩҲסˡ
ƹĶõĲһɫζȫĲת¥ǵע¥ǿʼԲˣѩȴûʲôθڡ
¥ţѩ¥¥ĴſڷֱѩԸȥҽݡ
ŵʣﲻ𣿡
ûУȥɡѩûж˵
ʻҽͣ£ѩߵҽݵĹ̨ǰץҩĴǷҪѩǣһ⡣
ѩһǮŵ̨ϣһ˵úأվվûпվ磬㲻֮ˣ
ش𣺡л֮ҩҲǲɡ
ѩüͷһ壺֮ҩ
һҩ߻ָҩǲ֢ͬÿҩҲͬͨ򶼲鲡ҩЩҽºЩģֹΪҩΪ͸֧ҩߵ壬Ȼҩʱָɵĺ֢ȴǲɹģչݵģ˵˻֮ҩ
ѩɫе԰ף֪ˣл򡣡
뿪ҽݣĬĬ¥ǲвǲв
ѩǻۣھͳȥ嵽ǰݺݵشһ٣ǲв
ȴѸ侲ˣʲô˻ǻţûйϵ
ĺֱˣѩ˿
ֵôˣ
û£ֻ뵽һЩõ˺£ظɡѩ
ɫãҶʲôѩص̸óʰվͻɽԺѩҪߣüô
Ҷסôˣûȥˡѩ
ٲߣͻƲסԼ嵽ȥɽԺ꾩ǻһξ룬صɽԺ·Զȫѹסзͷ
Ѷ֪Լ˵棬Ҳö˵
ڶϣ¥ʻڴûͽݵүɽԺˡ
¥ʳƵءšϱӸסԼԴû˵ʲô̾˿Ϣ˳ȥ
ʱ÷ɿ죬ת۾͵ף꾩ǵʼŵƽʣҼһǰҺ죬æ׼꾩Ľֵϣÿ϶Ц⡣
һʻǰɽԺ
ͬʱҴ߽ɽԺٴĴϺȲ¥ʵүɽԺȥˡ
ںȲ¥һ豭бˮ˴·ϣ˺ü²΢һɫѸٲҰ
᲻ѣүʵѹ᲻޸ˣɣ꾩ǵɽԺһ·̣ǿӱޣȻܸϵġ
˵ǸϣֵӣճӢСͱʫ飬ϣ¿״Ԫʮһδ飬ҲδС檡
½ǰ;״Ԫ󣬱ฮ˳Լĸլ˵ɻҲٻฮס
ýŸ˵ףһڻؾ˵ֻȢԼϲŮΪޣϲŮӣԸȢǰɽԺףϲѩġ
ϵһҪѩò˫ϻۻֱɶõĺŮӣȻӢŲĹԸȢΪޣһһһ
ȴδ뵽һ죬Ȼ졣
¥䳰ϲˣסңҲ
أסϣסϡϡϡѩŮӣѵÿȥȢѩˣҪ
Ȼأ
ѩ¶ϣ˷ûգ
ѩ룬ǾԼ䲻ϣѩĶȥԼӣΪⱲӶٲܻҸ
һˣҪҪĸǰԼҪĸ
ǲɶõ˲ţȻûѩѾǼõģѩԸ⣬ѩԸ⡭
¥ʺȻ׶ĵܡ
Ը⣬ȻҲͦõģвŮò֮ϡ
Ц 
ɽԺ̿ʮůͣԱߵϰźụ̈ŸָɹˮѩϿ飬Աߡ
ʮֺ֣ŽһѩԺſλ˵ϡ
ϣѩ飬¿״Ԫ
ͷǵġ
䣬ȵȲɣôѾ߰̿ѩ㽫߷ŵԱߣźѩױ
˵ͻȻãΪ⣿ʵ
Աߴ׵İɣ
⼸ʮɽԺףеýţеΪģеȢӱˣѩԸָɾܾˡ
ԭ׵˻ԽԽ٣û뵽ûб٣һֱάһƽ˵ϣ̲סЦѩˣҲֵġ
ѩȷ֣ⲻ¿״ԪҲ׵ġ
ڴȼ̿ʮůͣС˽ϵȡͷվԱߣһߺȲ裬һ߿
ʵ䣬ˣ书ᣬЩϰ֮ˣһ·Ͷٵع˺üʱڽݣů
ķű˴ƿ̧ͷ춷ѩվſڣŷ٣ͷϲһӡ
Զɽü죬վſڣͤͤŮƵġ

 141 

ϲɵվ, ѩֵ, 
ѩݣų񣬴Ц, 
ϵû̫ʧ̬, , ѩλ, ȡů, ϵ֪·, ר̹ҵģ
ϵͻר̹ġ
ѩ¶΢΢ɫزʶ, ֪Ӵ, Ϊ⣿
վ½꾩ϹΪ, ֻΪµĳ, ȢΪ, Ψһ, 벻
ѩ⣬ЦӵǸˬ, ȻˣȻҲҵĹȥѵ𣿡
Ҫģǹںδ, ǹȥ
ֻѩҲǵһˣŵƤƤʱͰˣʵڲȥ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬¿״ԪⲻܾϣϾʵûҪٻġ
ڸͣÿʱÿ̶Ǯˣɻ飬ĳ̶ֳ˵ʵڸԼ׸Ҽˣ˵飬ͥ顣
ڼ޸¥֮ͻʵڲӦˣһңڶãûҪȥֱ˵Ļˡ
ѩˣѾټˣǰһˣذɡ
̿֨֨ȼţ֪õĻشŹв˼֪˼ɵʲô
ѩЦʲô˼ɡ
ǹﵣ˾ˣȫصģ´δ檵뷨ڲУҲСǹﵣļ޸º󣬻̷ţÿ˯趨ʡҲصģѾ򸮰󲻻븸ĸסͬһɻ󣬳˳һʮ壬ﶼصȥµĸĸʰڸϣģ˭ҲҸɫҲصദͣҼȻסһ𣬽ǮָԶȻûЩ⣬β࿼һ
λõġ
Щ¥Ҳõʱʲô鶼˵㣬¥˯˵㣬¥ʻүǻףݸΪأǰ;Ȼ¥ʣֺαתͷȥѡһȲ¥ʵģ
ѩ˹غ˿ڲ裺ӣҪ
Ȼģѩ¥ʺ֮󣬾ͷǺԭҲѩ׼
ºͬ¶Թһ飬Ӹ˽ϲ֮ǰ´δϲŮӣҪǣ¾ùģڲˡ
ѩ΢Ц룬״Ԫʲô˽͸ˣʲôµ߰˰ˣˣʲôҪôðνӲҪôشǶ㲻⡣
һǲԸ⣬ذɡѩö˵档
ϲЩʧҲԤϵ飬ѩܾôˣٺãҲܵʹӦ
ʼţĶⳤģֻҪϷѹ򣬾Ͳѩ
ϵͻˣѶġ
ѩ캮ضģӱҪǲҪˣǲСȾ˷纮ɲá
δ˵ѩ˹֣׼뿪
ɲɵǣȻ裬һ򿪣ع䲻ش˸£ѩ˸뿪ɣ
裬ȷʺϳУѩȻˣҲлл
ȵʱұʳʧˡѩ˸
ǲһˣҲ⣬ϾŮбѩţʵûбҪѩ뿪
ط·ϣЦеū澾Ͳ£׵ģū澾ǼõģòááѧãȻȲù׵õġ
ԣϣҽѩЦʡ
㣺ûУūֻ뵽үȻãū澾ãүȣǲ˵㣬Ȳү 
ѩ֣Ȳˣ
ֱףүӢ
ѩ
ȻⲻҪģҪүҲܺðǽֺãλӶٺãܱȵùү𣿶ū澾ãҲϲ
ڲϲָԺϲˣġ
ΪβүأѩĪūǰҲϲүǺүū澾;ãүİġ
ѩĬ
뿪ҲԸүߣǵū澵Ҳö˵ʲôԼ⣬Ȼ뿪϶ԼԭūȻ֧ū澾Ǿãеźˣ㰦̾ūź
㵱ʱ˵ôڷ˵ˣ
ūⲻĶ𣿡ЦٺٵȻ˵ûǰûϲŮˣҲδ˺δĵ˺ۣǲĲĹȥȴǹ⿿һ˵ģȢȻô˵ˣмӻ᲻ŮӵĹȥأ֮£үͿɿˣǾġ
ѩЦЦ㵹ǿס
ͷūֻ˽¸軹ĥõģū澵ȻŻжõϲūǶԱֶԱȣǾүԭ䵱õģֻҪԸн٣ʱԻȥ
ô˵
ū˵ģ˵ģ˵үǿΪȥģź˵ǵԣԹ塣
ѩĿζû˵
ĬҲ˵ʲôԼ˵̫ӰѩжϣϾѩϻۣ˿¶ЩĿĿóԶ
ڶʵٻд꣬ǽƷ˲һֱδͣЪļƣԽԽһֱµ˰·Ţ˳ʻݽȥһҪɽ·Ҳȫѩŵ֮ӣЩ飬ȥ˵ٻأվɽԺĿͷסһ
ϼȻ׵ģȻҪѩľ룬±˵Ӧлл谲źñȥ
ҹɽԺݶµˮ°Ļ裬ѩԺֲģ´ѩĻѾǽԺĻ˵¡
¹ȥ¥ʵѾãֻϴ²ֱĺ󱳺ϥǾۣʹǿˣԼҲ⡣
ٴĴϣ۾Űײţ쬵ġ
ϴˮӴһүôˣ䰡˵ţ߹ȥ뽫ϡ
¥ʳ˳üʵɽԺǱϢ𣿡
ش𣬿¥Ǿ쵽ֹƵģ˵ɡ
ɽԺͻȻ꣬·ʪʵڲ˳УԼΪӵİȫ룬ԲɽԺޣ롣ο
¥δӦҲδ˵ʲô
վҼߣĽ·Ž裬Ľűһ£岻ɵسǰȥַһģûס

 142 

¥Ե, ˤ¶, ˮҲ˳ʵضǣʪˡ
ڵ, Ȼ, ȷǸ
·߲á
̫, ޹, еһжǺɫ, ûǹ, ûɫʣڱĵ, ȻЦ
ͦõ, 룬ͦõ, , ޸, Ǻüģõ, һˣҲõ, ֲзϡ
ЦЦţȴȾʪۿ
ҹɽԺŵ, ѩδ˯ɴϿ飬ǿϰ죬ҲûܿȥԺﷴĻ
˵ЩûԼĥһ£˵һ£Լĥʱ򣬻ᷴ񶨣Լ飬ɵ˵ʱãָء
ָ¥ģԸΪȥء
֪¥ż룬żߣȻԸ˵ɣֻôȻܶȥ̽ȴҲʼûˡ
ϾѾˣǲйϵֻͽա
ôһ˵˼
ѩ飬ɽ⻹ڵ꣬εδģҹ˾Ȼ˵ǰ¥ڵʱǾ˵˵¥ƽʱ࣬һʲô˵һ㣬һ˵ΪȤ
ʵڵѾܺãʱãȱһйͬԵˣߵѾߺ鶼̫ǳ˵һȥ
״ԪŻ¶Լļ⣬ʲô˵һ㣬¥һǳ˵öԣ˵ԼĹȥĻŶʵڲߡ
ҲΪڶԼĸ黹Բ⣬ĳ˻飬ˣĹ˭֪᲻˸̡
ŸļԽԽԣԼ̬Ⱦͻת䣬ָҲӷֱĽ֡
¥һȴķա
÷յ¥ʣԲס÷յǣζһ㡣
ѩԳЦЦ׵˶ˣȻɵ¥ʵĺ½жԱȣһԱȣ¥һƺҪһЩ
ԼеҲ¶˾ģȻõģͲ߾͵ͣǸԼȥ
ͨ㣬ѩ泩۾ûһ˯ˡ
ϣ˯ѣ׼ˣܷټһ档
ѩ˸ǷܸϣͲؼ˰ɡ
ѩ˼ȰҪǼɣҾӸǺܲģ檣޹ȥҲ˸²ǣ
ѩױǰĵʣ¥ʱأ
裺ȥ˵
ѩеɣߵ˶Ϊ¥ʺã˹ˣҲ֪¥ʵ׸ǹʲôԻ˵벻˵ģ
赽˴Ǹǹ˵ȻԵ㲻ټˣߡ
Щʧԭ뿪ǰټѩһġ
ǡ
ЦЦԽ͵ſڣٽأѩҲûˣصݵʱѩʰ׼һظ
ˣѩʡ
ش𣺡ˣ뿪ʱе㲻ĵӣҹţŰݷãҪ׼ǡ
Ͼ״ԪҲ֪ҵĹȥô׾ͷˣҲ䲻״Ԫƺˣѩһ֪ôװһûϵһĵġ
Щпӣѩ¥ʺ룬ѿˡ
ˣ¥ϵƣӦѾõò˰ɣʹҹ磬֪˻᲻ԣ֪Ǽҹ᲻
ѩصʱ۳Ͷеᱳʹص̸󣬱ɵ˯һʱѹʱ
ˣոչˣ˵̫ˣսһˡ
ѩ
˺һǲţ˵˰ɣҺ¥ʺ붼ˣ̫˼ʱʲô˵ңĸӲǡ
ô˵ģս֪ˣʼҵҲ֣û¼ʲô
ˣ¥볯ТѹϵҲȫˣ˳ɡ
ûа
ţ
̯̯֣ûС
ѩüôûأΪôỹû볯
ŶѩɰͰ͵ػӦ룬ǲƻûкã
˼Ҳ֪ô£ԴӺ󣬳ˣû˼˵̫Ҫ
ѹ̫ҪأԭΪ¥ʡ
ѩ磬ȵ˳ţ̫ĹŮѾڳŵˣѩ湬Ůֱ˴̫ڴѩ³̫
Ů̫
̫̾˿ԽѩɣǴɽԺˣ˺Щʱˡ
ѩͷɵ̫ŮֱɽԺŮˣ˵óŮ̿ˡ
̫ѩ£ҵֱ빬ǰš߰ң󰧼ҲҪʲô취ֻ֪꾩ȥʶ֪ˣҲ˵ʲô
ѩ룬̫¥ʣǴĵ۰
̫סѩ֣ﾡǹУЩӣɹúã
ͦõģɽԺã羰ˣտѩտɱȣԶУԵĺõطɽ¾мУʲôʲôȱѩ
̫οúþͺãǷֿˣܵһ˹úòųɣܶòãǺ룬ʧȥ˺塣
ò𣿡
ܺãúã˶ϼˣԶɽǲ֪ȥɽԺûܼˣߵˣʲôʲ¥¥һؿޣʲôԸ˵Ҳûа취ˣŰ̫̾
ôأ
ѩ֪¥֮û뵽ȻѾصԼĻĸϼˣ¥ֻ֪ޣʲô飿
ѩеġ
̫̲סۿ֪ǰʶԲס㣬ܵ˺н߾ȥֲģУоصĵλϣܿһķݶϣ氧ȥô¡
ѩĬ
֪ҪеǿѣڱϾѾǷˣԣУʵڲ˼͵̫ţﰧæ͵ǰˣɺã̫ڴѩ
̫˵Ůһˡ
ѩ֪ԼԸ⻹ǲԸ⣬ܾܾ̫̬ѾŵͣѾͬ⣬Ǿǲʶô
Т˳̫󲻿죬Ҳ᲻죬ָΪҵĿˣѻʼ˷ʱĸڳ
̫οѩֱҾ֪Ǹúӡ
ѩ뿪ʹڳ캮ضģɪ˫˫ŶЩľڳϣԸȥ
һ

 143 

ѩͷ, ظһߣȥ
Щ, ܾԶΪҪأһ·ĬҲҶ, ӳŵԶ, ѩ˼, ȵĴ, , ѩȻ, Ŷǽյġ
ſŵС˶ûУѩȥ, ϰŲƵشһ˿϶, ̽һԴ
㣬˺ΪԾ, 㵵
Сֳ, վѩ, ۾Բˡ
С˽͵, Ͻųѩ
΢΢Цүڣ
С˹үɽԺ, 䣬뵽´ɣūȥɽԺͨ
ѩƹС˾;ֱߣͨˣʶ·, Լȥ
С˴ʧɫ⣬ⲻðɣȥ
죡ѩһɨȥٴСеģҾͶ㣬վԱȥţ׼
С˺ѩȻɵվԱߣҿˡ
ѩӿŲɽԺȥ˽һ·ͨسɽԺʱɽԺڣ¥ٿȻüͷ˭ˣ
䣬ݵŶȻƿˣԲ۾
Ͱ͵
λϵ¥Ȼվɫ˲ɷףΪʲôƵģ̧žͳԼԷߣȼŻ裬񣬾ЩŲ·һſ˻ϣ豻߷̿õǣǿվȣʹ;ֱԷ壬Ȼȴתײľϣ˴һˤ˵ϡ
Ƴһȼյ̿ϣʹݵԣţ͵ؽֳŻŵվһ·ײײسԷ
󺰵үҲԷ
Ҳû˼ѩˣȥжиϽ
ѩңӲվţܶҲ˵ľżԺŸոտһУ
¥ǿˣ
Ȼеѡ
ӾлعСĵѩðɣ
ѩûӦŲŲȥվǿ¥ʵ̿ǰ̶ȥǿ̿ȼգ֨֨죬Ƥ
Ȼ۾ŵҼķ
ٴλ
ѩеֽѩߵҼſڣмҴҵظͿѩվſڣЩ⣬ȴû˼ѩ˵
첽Ҽ䡣
¥ʴʱҼĴϣԴúܵͣѩı飬ֻܿķдҩ¥ϵˡ
ĵĵطƤⱻ̵һ飬Ѫģȥʮֿɲѩ뵽ԼĶʮӣʮӴʹܶһС鱻̵Ƥ¥ʵʹ
Ĳɵؾվſڣе㲻ҽȥ
߰ɡͷ¥ʺȻ˵ɤɳƣѾܾûп˵ʼմԴû̧
ѩǼⷺᣬӣҲ֪ǱĻǱ˵ģɵЩ̱Ϊ
ڴϵ¥һ
ѩԼɽԺ˭Ҳô£ͷڹƵĲ֪жൣ㣿Ϊոս꾩վͱٽ˻ʹ̫㣬ô˵ȻֻΪ
˵˺üΪᣬʼû
˿ڴʹ񾭷飬¥ţվûп԰ѩĿߣԲ𡣡
΢ұ΢ѩĺݺݵһ
Ժ󲻻ˣԺǶٴ㡣˵
ѩᣬȻ֪ԼӦ˵ʲôſϣɤɵҲЩƣʵ۾ôˣ
޹أ߰ɡ
βˣѩġ
¥ʲѩЦǾĬˣԭԭ۾Ϲˣ֪ԼߣԴӲţԾԼ˶ˡ
ֵĵط˽͡
ѩи¥ʰ˿ڣźжʶȥֻʣѩ¥ˣѩҲվſڡ
¥Щ꣬˿ڵʹ̼񾭣˶ܲѩΪʲôߣĻ˼Ȧֱʻȥ
Ѿˣ࿴һҲûйϵ
Ϣ֪Ͼͻ뿪ֶݵദֻиʹࡣ
ȴҲ˵뿪Ļˡ
ѩſϣȲҪҺԭΪ֪Լ۾ҪϹˣϹ֮ǰߣϧû֮ҩƭңҾ岢ûʲô⣬Ȼ󰲰ĵ뿪
ѩǺܶ
¥ʽ˽ָǶ˵ģ
Ҫ˵ƾҵĴϻۣ΢һܾ֪ʵ֪ù֮ҩֻʱ룬ǼȻѾˣ벻ʲôϵȥ飬׷ٶ࣬ҲֻǸԼͽգûмȥѩЦ
ȥ׷ףͻ֪ˡ
֪ˣȻأ
Ҳ֪ô죬۾ΪϹģⲻΣⲻҪɲʲô
ص¥ʵ𣿺ûôԸ⡣
ⳡʧȥʲôǰ顣ʧȥʲô۾ȥ¥ʿˣѪ޹Ŀ۾ûˣϱҲûˣҲȥһ롣
òһеġ
Ȼ¥ȴϵǡ
ѩվеˣߵڵԼ˱裬Ѻ˿ڣˮģʮֱ㻺ɤӵܸС
¥ʵȲ衣
ҪܣǶˣҺĻȵģʲôϵѩƳһۣɫ԰ףֵĻû˵ڣתʵʲô
¥ڴһҶѩϹǶôѣشΪ۾Ҫˣ롣
ǣѩ˳ǣΪʲô
¥΢ŵ̾˿Ϊ뿪ô࣬ʼղ⣬ʼղн٣Ҳû취ˣֻ뿪
ʲôʲôˡ
һмˣ˸ź鷳ΪʲôʲôΪˣ뿪ô죿
ȫ
ѩΪ⣬뵽ֵѿݻ̲סͳ˿ڣҪ룬ҲԸ⣬ôڷԸˣⲻǻû𣿡
¥ʿЦʲô𣿡
ѩ
ԼƽԼȷûʲô𣬿ǣ¥ʣϹ˲ֹһҲ˶һˣ㿴ˣ㻹нţ㻹书㻹ĲƸϹ˶ӵеĸ࣬ʵûҪԱ
¥ЦЦ˵Ҹô
α֪أ˵ô࣬ѵ㻹֪ҵ˼ʡ
¥ʳƬ̣ش𣺡֪ˣҴӦ㡣
ѩ

 144 

Ӧʲô˼˵ôôҲôͲôĶΪô, 㱾Ըô, 𣿡
¥ʲǺܶҪ𣿡
ѩ᣺ôôɡ
ˣ¥뵽ѩӣɫӦúܳ϶Ǻÿ, ý, Ҳֱ, Ʋ۾
֪Ϊʲô, ѵľ仰˵ò
¥е, Щ, ֪ôˣð, , һúûŵģû, վͽȥĸ, 󲻻ٴˡ
ѩ򴽵ɡ
̧žͳ, ¥뿪ĽŲҪ𣿡
, 㿪𣿡ѩŭҲ֪ŭӺζ, ֻǾñȴ¥ʵţȻǿԵġ
һֱأҲδ룬ſھͷʡ
¥ȴһ, ʹԴȻ̧ѩɫס۾˫Ұѩɫҵ
ճкܳһʱ˭û˵
֪ùȥ¥ЦЦ˵ˣ˰ɡ
ѩ˱۾תٿˣ㱣ء
δõ¥ʵĻش𣬾뿪˷䣬ʵ̫ˣߵɽԺԺȻϣ䲻ش˸
ӭҪ𣿡
ѩ߰ɣ߰ɡ
첽뿪ɽԺһ·ߵĴſڣֱﳤȥѩص̸Ż裬ľơ
ԱС㣺ô£ȥһ˻ʹ˭𣿡
ҡͷү
үˣүǹˣ
ǣ̫ùȥүȥˣȻ󡭡˶٣һѾ֮үˣү˵˻ˡ
ʲô˼ûס
Լࣺ۾Ϲˡ
㾪㵵ءĿƳѩɫæס죬ŵ㣬СʵΪϴξȹ˵ģ
ͷӦǵġ
㿴ѩĿͳҹֱ̫ˣ¿ôãǹүػǲүأ
ѩǲܣп϶ǣǹˣȴн٣ҶԭΪలˣ˭֪Ȼô¡
ѩЩȣϵŨױҲóˮѩʰʱˣʵô
ѩ齲˶ˣŵ¥Ŀˣ
ѩûӦȻ黹
ôãĵȥ¥֪Լˣż룬Ǻ̫ǿˣԸ뿪žҪ뿪ˣҲǰϺͽ㿴ȥ
̾ѩ̾ʣôģ
ûд㣬ôŰɣҲ֪ôãѩƵػش𣬡ֲǴβ۾ҶҲûжٸ飬ǾôҲֻΪڿദ˭ܣȾɡ
Ѿˣĵ
ͷȻֱ¶еĽ֣һգнİ취
ѩüû꾩ǣò׻ȻմӵڶտʼţҪôȥʳҪôͳȥҹҪôȥϷ¥Ϸ
ʱʱϹ飬ļֱӡ
˰˾գѩѩ䣬ûгţѾ߽ϰݷãүͷū˵һ
ȥɽԺ׵Ѿظ֪ʵ˵ļϺܲϣѩúÿǿǣѩǲ뿼ǣУҲҶȰϼȻǶȻϡ
ѩ¥ʵ黹ûзأ˼ȥϡ
ڰֵүͷ˵岻ʣͲȥˣ˲ӣүͷ˺дˡ
Ѿߵ˻شȥ
ûѩˣЩʧ򲻸ˣû
ѩգ˵ϲתͣѩôڸģִϳţȥϷ¥Ϸ
ϰԵѡ˸λ£Ϸ¥Ϸ˲࣬Ϸ̨ڳٵϷѩϷһ룬Ϸ¥µĿˡ 
˴ŲɫĳŲɫͱɫ壬Ϸ¥һվ˵˹ĿţϷ¥˵ע⡣
ߵѩǰֵɡ
ѩţͦɵģҲϲϷ
ϺܳʵǣΪ˵ϲ²û뵽Ȼµˡ
ѩ£ˣӰ׷ѹˣҼǵѾܾˣǷٶĹҲûõġ
ãҲԸˡϵ
ֲЦˣѩҲö˵ʲô̧ѩϷʱϲ˵ֻϲһ߿һ߳ԵСԡ
ϲ֪ϰߣƽﶼæЩʲô
ûʲôæģеúܡѩڻش
˵ĻãҲһ֪ʲôʱĿùһ׶ﵯһ룬Щˡϵ
ѩ΢΢ЦǲǸˡ
ĿһֱϷ̨ϣ˵ʱûиϿѩ̸ֻùԹԱ죬ӡ
˭Ҳ֪͸һλãһµӣ۾źڲǰһ裬ˮѾΣΪѩһڲҲδٽڣеעѩϡ
ãѩϵĶԻһ
չСĶߵүҪūҸɽλ𣿡
¥ʵҪ¡
ֻùԹԵվȥҲѩ˵ʲôϰ죬ҲûκεĶֻգרĿϷ
ЩūŵĶԼԸǷǳģвеʤ˲úúõġ
ͬһطþˣҪӴźãȥҳԾƣȥ̤ɻȥ˴κ
ȻܶһҲм洦
ңԼԸţǵūŵҲ۸Ϳڸһٶõ飬õĲܸˣ¥ߵūǲ֪лѩ
ѩб£ֻȥһˣ͸ı¥ʡ
¥ʽϷ¥ϷҲΪ֪ѩǰϷûżѩֻһϷ˶ѡ
꣬ѩ̫ͬã㲻Ը׼뿪
ϵҪˣ
ȻҪϷɣһ£ǣѩֲ䣺ǮѾˣá
ѩߣ˭֪Աߵ繴סȹǣѩȥȹǵʱ۽ⲻע⵽Ǳߵˡ
ź£۾źڲλϣҲ֪˶ˡ
ѩλøպܿţ¥ʶȻģ֪ܲյɺϿǶ࣬Ȼ
ѩû룬ȡȹӺͳſߡ
ȻͻȻƿѩתͷԱ߿ȥֻһŮӳذףĿسԼ
ѩʧɫ̲ס¥ʣ

 145 

վѩ֮ԶĵطϼֱŴ, Բ۾, ؿذ׳ѩȥ˿ܶ
ȻһӰѩǰһ, ذ׶Ȼ̽¥ʵĸ, Ѫ, ȾǴ̿͵, ͬһʱ, ¥һƸԶ, ڵϹ˺üȦײһľ, ³һѪ, ܿ챻¥ʵס
ͬʱȫһƵ¥, ȫվס, ˳ȥ, ײڼӲĵذϣһ졣
Ϸ¥Ŀ˱ŵü, ӵſȥϷ¥˺ܿɢ˸ɾ
ѩʧɫ, ̵УУȥѶнйԼɿȥȥ¥ʷ, ڵϣȥ¥ʣȴ¥ʷסƣû£¡
˵ʡʡ㣬ǹҽšѩɫŵɷף¥ʵֶڷ
˺¥ʷ£¥۵öͷһϸѩ̧֣Ὣͷϵ亹ȥֵ̣̿Ѿ·ˣ㲻µġ
¥ʲ԰׵ЦЦû¡
ѪڲϵسӿѩٿڵʱѾ˿ǻǲɵҽֲΪҵֱ
ʲô
ⲻǣֻʶأѩȻ֪νͣû¥ʳֻʶںûԣˣԺôˡ
˽ӽһյĹв٣һ¥ϵüͷһߴҩ䣬һߵ峡ӣ˵Ҫ
ѩһͷͿһ
Ӻܿ¥ɵĵطһĿռ䣬ȫзԸң˶ȥ
ѩʣоȣ
жֲƳһۣͷҲصػش𣺡Ҿȥɣﰭ¡
ѾЩֵ˼¥ʹʶģеĻԵؿڵУ˵ı˵
е㻹ȵԼɣȳȥɡ
ѩͷģת˳ȥ
Ϸ¥˴ɱ˵Ļǵܿͱٸ˰ΧĿ·¿첽˽Ҳڣʱ;һͷ
Ϻѩ˹֣ʵأ
ѩλϲ˵ϵڸΡ
أأ
ϿһԲѩ̾˿˵Ҫ־
ŮӴͨŮӵ·ͷ̳Բ٣¥ʴһƣأϽҽΣ˶ãʱסֱѹڵϣ޷֮ˡ
Ůȥ㵵ϣΪλ֣
Ѿ꾩ɱ֣꾩ĳŸزס꾩ɱһˣеǷӡ
̧ѩ겻ɢ͸ñ¥Ū
ѩ֪ΪɱϰĽ¥ʣ¥ֻԼãϣԼԼһժ¥ǻġ
ϴɱʵһԭѩԼȡ
ǲһָнĴɱ¥ʡ
ѩ˱Ȳ裬ѩ䣬סѵֹסûϷ¥˸ˣɽгȣϷ¥λö챻ˡ
˰ѺȥңֱײĴϣ󵶹ᴩĸѪŵô˸Ŀɿڴ
̧֣ȥ
ǰϵʬ̧ȥǰѪжܿ죬תۼʬѪʧɾˣδйƵġ
˽ŵصһʱвžƣߵƿӡ
ѩһ̴ȥʵΣ
İɣҿɲԼƣ˿Ѿˣ˻˹ȥֱ˵Ҫϴλ˵أ֢Ȳϴܵɵģʱţշõ˿ѿе
ѩиʯͷأ˿
Ѿȥһޱ¥ʸϣԱ裬ʡ¥ţ캮ض˷纮ָľһغˡ
¥ûˣѩи;þƣޱ¥ʸϣȻҴñǣԼԱߵľϡ
ʣѩ˵ȻûˣǾ͸ûȥˣҪǻȥ𣿡
ʱѩʵڲ˼뿪Ȼȥɡ
ҲȰɽһߣɽ·ߵʱ̾˿̲סϵļ磬ϣѩ
еЦƣȻˣˡ
ɽ佱䣬һˡ
Ҳ뿪ˣߵǰˣɾ㲻Ҳ֪ʱ˿̣ѩȻȫ˼
Σ֮ʣδȥѩһʵеûҪˣܸøѩ˵һ¸ˡ
ѩĿ¥ջߵ棬վϵǰӣұԵ㻹ǲҪϻ˼ˡ
ûг־𣿡ϲ
ѩҡͷˣ˭ʮֵر󣬿Ҳ޶Ľ飬ʵûȥһףû¥ҲûС
ף¥Ѿѩ룬ͬûǰѡԼѩ¥ȴϣѩ
ڶûǰ£Ǹ˶ѡԼһ
¥ʱϺȻãԼǵϲʵ΢Ц£˵ǣ·ǳˡ
ˣֻÿ˵Ĳص㲻ͬѣѩһߣҾͲˡ
и¥ҩ¥һ˯ЩãʱѾҹԱ̿ϸޱůġ
ɸֵһʹ
¥֪ˣҲֹһ֪Щڣֻ̽ؽһԼūš
̴ȥſ¥ʵߵүūأоΣ
¥ĮĮˣʲôʱˣ
ʱˣ˰ɣҪҪԵ㶫¥ûйţҪǶˣūȥ˵
в˵ճʱ֮ǰܳԷ𣿡ѩԭѾ˯ˣ¥ʵ˵۾˸Ƿһ񲻼õӡ
¥ȴһ
֪ǣūˡ
ƽôźģ鶼ǣѩ⣬ˣЩеģȷź򲻺ˡ
ڨڨԴūžһʱˣү˻ˡ
¥֣ǲ𣿡
Ϸ¥أ˵˿ڸշãƶţٻѩִ˸Ƿˡ
ôûߣ¥ʡ

 146 

ô, һȥҲ˯ð, 㣬ҲܶǶ, Ժȵţ, Ҫȵ𣿡
¥ʵȷ, һ˯, û, , ٲʳ˵û, ˵ͷ
㽫ţȥ, ѩӽţҨһһι¥ʺ, һֻܺȰ, ܺȵ̫, θӸ̡
¥۾, ֻѩڶ࣬š, ԱƵССڵؽţȥ
𽥻ָһںڰУоµİ
¥ԭۣ˯, ѩһĻʵѵã᲻˯ˣҹﻹ˯óԲãȻȥɡ
˰ɣ˵ǽҪͷðȫղȷȷʵȻˣҾͻȥѩȵòˣţ˿ϣٳˣʵڶһʱ֮ٺȵ㡣
¥ʵá
¥Ҳǿѩ˵Ҫ˵ٶ࣬Ҳߡ
ĻΣϵһͺˣվûˣʲôʲôǸϣǡǺܲģˡ
㻹֪ϣѩü
ҲѧƷòһȣҪңõѡ񡣡
ѩ¥ʵ˰ε¥ʣҾαҼ޸ϣȴԼĸ˵Щ˼𣿡
¥򴽣ǲҲ˵ˡ
ʵҲ˵ѩΣѩΪߣһһ֣˭á
Ⱳûʲôϣˣܲĵһһ
ѩŻǯ˷˿̿¥ʵĻѾܾˣյûȢңڿΣյʱȴҲ
Ȼ뵽ڵˣȷʵû
¥ʣ
ǻ˰ɣԸ㣬ܼޣˣԺΣգָõһƳȥ¥Ҳ֪ԼǸ˶һ㣬ǵǶһ㣬֮ζܸӣһʱԱϡ
ѩ»ǯ˵ˣ˵˵ǰɡ
¥ʵĽǣʲô
ǣƽˣѩ˿ĸоΪҸķݶϣԭˣǰ飬Ҳ׷ˣȥɡ
ϣԼѪףмԸأ
¥ˣʳǣˣѰ˸ϧԼΪⱲӶøˣûԸΪġ
һ
һԸΪԼ˾ԼߣֺαץǰЩ۵㲻أң¥ʸĴҲˡ
ϴΣЩԶʧȥ˹
㹻ˣ㹻ˡ
㡭¥ɤеɬģԭˣ
ѩѺ˿Ȳ裬ͬĻ˵ڶ飬͵㰮ŲŰɣö˵˷ѿࡣ
ţ¥ʺȻЦţ㡣
ѩЦЦеɵЦĪײӰɣһֱ˵
ֻ̫ˣǰجΣμζԭңҲԭңұجݱˣ֪;ãԶԭң˵ԭˣҾ;е㲻̫ʵоԼΡ
ڰץһ£Ĳ𣿡
ѩеᣬһֱϣоʵ𣿡
¥ϵЦԽʵˡ
лл㣬ѩ˵
лʲô
ллԸԭҡ
ѩЦˣǲҲӦллң
ԼлԼɣǲ㣬Ҳԭҵģ¥˵ԭҽֻϷû뵽ֺ£컹Ǿҵġ
ˣ㻹˵Ǻ£
Ǻ£㲻ҶԾǺ¡룬ҲجˣԣҲجˣȵĳһ죬ѩҪ޸ˣҪجˡ
Σ
ѩԣȴǲ֪Щ˭ĥһˣ¥еԶԶΪģֻûȥ˽ˡ
ãǶš
е֪¥صؽѩÿλãº¥ʵ˵ײԴиоͷ𣿡
¥ʣһ㡣
н쵽¥ʵԺ̽ȷ¥ʺ˵λãһ߰ѹһʵ𣿻
ȷ󷽵λãָ¥ʰȷû⣬ŵˡ
¥֪ʱϵ˵ˡ
ΪźҴһƣҲˣԭһ빦ΪԱ·һû뵽ˣġ
ϾôˣĶⳤġ̾
ǰ;еû뵽ĵزֱ¥ʴ³ҲԼȡ
ʵڳأв̸¥ʵЪŰɣǻ֢״ʱ˵Ҳö֢ҩ
¥Ӧá
ȥ
ѩ¥ҴҴǣ˵ú˰ɣˣʡõȵʱƻδãʲôóԵĶܳԡ
ԣֹ
ѩ⵽ı飺ô˵ò𣿡
ԣ¥˵ʲôѩģæһú˵ģȹˣһʲôܳԣҷİɡ
֪¥ˣˮ¥ʲϵ·Ⱦ˲ѪȻЩѪѾˣǴʵڲʣһ·ҲѾùˡ
ѩڳ˵档
Ƚ¥ϵ·ϵպͺҺøɾȻϸɾʵ·Ҵñǣѩȥ
ū˳ȥѩ¥۾ϻźڲ˵ˣ۾ⶫ᲻𣿡
˵ţ־ͽǺڲ
ͻĹúüûм˿¥˲۾ɵֵ̧ס۾ѩѩ۾
ѩһ
˵ʲôðβŷӦ
¥ʵֽ˽ѩĻҪȻ̧֣֮ѩȥ
ӳϣӨ׵ļȻ⣬˫ŲźϲЦܿˣ
¥ʱЦݻ񣬻ֻص˵ͷ
Һþûˡ˵
ѩȥ۾ƽڿɿˣ
¥ʪۿ֣븧һ뵽ѾˣûǸʸЩؽַ¡
ˡ¥ʵ
ѩȡ²ϣЦеʣ˵ҽմʲô·
糺ɫȹװͷϴźʯ׹ɫ̫ãһֱңǲǺˣʡ

 147 

а, ƽ˯߶ʮֳ, ûжۣżһǳŵסģЦ, ֽÿ, أһ, ү۾ܿˡ
͡
ū̴չȥ, ϲ¥ʣү, ܿˣ
¥ʣȥжаɡ
, СǸ˻ˣһ𳯶Ϣĵطȥ, ӱ, ȥүү۾ܿˣ
, ˯ȫ, һͦӱ﷭
嵽, ֶ¥ʿʼһϵеĿóۣ۾Ϊ¥˴, Ѫ飬첻ײԴӦһײ, ѪײɢˣѪɢȻܿˣҲøɡ
ѩֺ𣿡
Ȼе, ǰȷһֹһҲܶⷽİҽ飬үǺϣûġе
ѩЦЦΣܿǺ¡
ҲãҲʡ๦򣬵ҵζĲҩܽүζҲκˡ˿˵
ѩζôˣ
п¥ʣٿѩҪͣ¥ǰͷ˵û£˵Һܺá
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