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˳ʮ꣬һǡ󺵣ּ

֪ϱһ˫ӣһڽСŴ嵽Ŀ

ɵһμãɤӸ֪֮ӳС

ɵڶμã֪֮Щǻ飬ҹɻˮ

ɵμãվʩ࣬һ˿ǰ̬

ɼΣӶ˼ҹҹɤӡֻһ˳

psܿգ͹BUGʾ˽

1V1֪

Ĳֻ

ŮĻ˵

ڿѵϲۣϲɢ

ɣǰڸĽũߣȹ֡

ǣ뿪Ȿ ƫҪö衷ղһ~

 ŮλǡԤա

飺

楳빬꣬µ۵ǻ

ѡŮʱֽ褾źСж

ʮ

ѡ㣬빬սʧ

ߴߣˮʹ

褾еˣѰ·極Ŀ꣬ʼնֻһ

ϸյǻʱǰﷱæȥ

һգһСѾߣЦǳǳģ͸ʮֵ÷ϵ

룺ֻ̫СˣЩɬڣ

ǸСѾ߳

ԭΪԼȤ䵭ȴû뵽һ裬Ҳûͣ

ps

Ůʼն֮

趨ģк󹬣ѡ㣬Ǵ

֮ʱŮ϶


 1 

ҹɫڳ޸ԺﶼϵһƬԡ
һС˴ǰԺһյٵСϣյһԺǰͣ¡
ǰԺ£˿ԺӵĹ⾰۵һ˿ꡣ
Ժ߳һѾģˣ˵һѾϳֿɬֻûпԺӶûнת뿪
ѾڷǰƬ̣ƿš
м¯Ѭ𣬾ɾ㣬̴ľϰڣ̺ɺһЩ⡣
еϴ߳ŮʱԵúᣬɢЩһͷ˿аɢţü죬ܽޡƺİṴţָ⹴˿ơ
ƳѾߵģָ΢١
ѾƼͷٷˣүҹˡ
ֲ
Ǹ֣֡ݵѾ߶ͷ
ٷ˼޽޸Ѿһ࣬ĵţүӡԷӣָţ޼
Ůⲽ߽ԣҪʱӲһ߻شߣˣ
ɥһ
Ц˵ջӻȥ
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벻ͨٷˣүһ˿ģүϲİ
Ѿǰ
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ںڰӣɫһ˿⡣
Դʱźƴδˣһƽӡ
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Ϊĵ׶ģȴ÷
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̱ڵϣεѪɫڰɫؿ齣סŻ˼ǰһƬ㱡
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Ϸ˲תӦϤķ񮂡
ûȥˣѲµ˭
޸ıףױܷ
ǴβСڻ԰ײǳ밲ʱѲͼǲ塣
ԭŮӣ֪Ϊ޸ףȴδһΡ
ԭţƽȵӣ͹ˡ
ȴ룬Ը˲ȴûŹ
䷭Ƹ꣬ǽ
ĵһ
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룬Ǿ˾˼ҳ棬ⳡ¶ɵġ
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дţε͵ظ
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յϢñΪǹЩϾݳǵ˶֪޴ֿۣ
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޸ĬͷǹҲֱӺ鷿ȥ
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Ϊˣ޸⽫õԺӿ˳ֻΪλĵ
һΪ޸ĶϱͲòʱ̱š
˼ûн磬ǵҪʰһ£ɫĴȹȹڵ嶼ŻõĳǼãЩ˼ú󣬶ȻΪ޸ҪԼȢһ֮Ů
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۵ڣ˼Ϊ۵Ϳһۡ
ʰúҲãͼҴҵشȥϷ밲
Щӣ̫ܣͷǵóֽɡҲڲס֡
ʱԺѾˣ֮ؿϵһˡ
ü٬ȴһ˿ḡЦ⣬üΪ㿡ķ񮂡
վҲˣ߻ûиǸӰıܡ
˿סĻͷһۣͼ϶¶Ц
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뵽˭ġ
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Ҳδز֪ˣֻǼֶ޸棬һֻ۱һֻ۾ˡ
ǿѹĵ׵Ͽһ˿ǿع𴽽ǣ¶ǳǳУ浾ݣ
ΪЩ£ϱǻϲ
¶һ˿ЦҲشûƬ̾ȥ
źţصԺɢ̱ڴϡ
ЩԹﷺᣬûã
㹻Т˳˻죬Т˳ĸ˶ϱӸ¡
ֺαؽ·ƣ
˼߽龰
ٷˣԺ˵˵ǡ
Ҫ㣬ղײգٷ׼ھͳ
ýӣһջڶ
Ȼ룬λǺΰȻϸ˾η
һ˵Ҫݣ֮ͬ㣬Ҫģڳ
лҪ˵~Ŀ~Ԥǰ˶ʮ죬ң
ˣⱾҲǴԽһд
ĹŴŮӣȻŮҲ۸
ģ˵ģ
һ̵һ㣬СʹǲҪļѽ~һ~
ллСɰǣôô

 2 

֪Լ㲻ӴϳӲᡣ
룬ٿҲˣǱܲΥ˶׵ԣȥҲź˸ˡ
ͷϵĲҡһ֧ŵչÿ࣬ǳȥʩ࣬ҲСġ
ֻܴѾߣ˴ߣ˵Ѿڸ⡣
̲ס˳ǣƲס¶һӣѾ߾ͳȥ
һ޸ꤲŴĺۼΧֱðһ·ݳǱͣ¡
ͬʱһŽǡ
ǧ˵Ķ飬޼ףֳűݣͬһˡƷպգ֣бһ㡣
ϸӣͬݹԱڳſڣԶԶƼѹѹĶٶأΪּ̧䣬ȻֹͣԭأڳĹԱĵһݡ
ݳǣҾһ
ͬһ˲䣬׶Ĵ̹ǵĺ⡣
ݳжԣ֪޴˳͢Ƕţܿܿ쳯͢ͻˡ
ȴ֪ǰ͢ǧʯʳݣɾʹȴҲûݳһ˿ת
յӻĵϢŭ˼ǰݡ
ϸӿǰĶ飬ºݺһҾΪս꣬ǾվѪζɢȥǹɱѹֱǰ
ΪϵǸˣͦü̶İüҴ͸ķâ˲
̧ɨǰķɾ˿鲼ĵط
һ˫ڵٿؿ޴ˣ޴ºݺһӽŵϣżĵس˳ǣ
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ʱϵޱ飬̶һһ
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ɫҰף֮ǰЩ˿ܻǲ˵Ļһ£ǵʮ߻ȵʬ壬˲ǲòţǰ˻˵
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ǰӦÿŮԸڳ֮ڱس


 3 

û˸Ȼûл
Σգȴûһ棬Ҫ˰ȥ
ϸվڲԶԹ۵ģ
ûȥǷϳ
Ϊûϳ
˼ˣòǸϵˣ˵һ䣬ʮ˴ĵ⡣
ȴ֪Լ׶༪ˡ
ЩΪһڳԵģʧȥǡ
ýҧŴ꣬ĵµ˱Ƿֵּļ
Ҳϸǰ㺦½ˡ
Լ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ʮܵʥϳ谮ԭΪǰ㴦ŵĹӰˡ
ռˣ֪ԼƬ档
ʱ˼߽
˼ҲŵùǺΪƽ飬ȥţŽ
ʱ˼Щÿĵƣոյͷ£ôˣ
ٷˣ֪ū澿˭𣿡˼һ˷ܣū澸ոտƽֵ߽λˣ
ʶ˵˭΢źʣ˵
ٷˣô֪Ǽ˼û̫⣬˵ūôҲû뵽λӾǼ
뵽ʲô˼СֹҲǣϾսһʵˡ
ս¶ã
԰ϹѹǼ˵еģʱŲʮꡣ
˼˷Ǿ̾ģʮֿš
ÿǳǳЦ£ָⲻźۼ˲΢ӣʮսֲˣеȫһ
Щ걻ĸլ޲ӲˣȻҲ˽Щ˵
ĵЩ棬ҲδڴϾ˼ĻЩڼĴԶ˵һ顣
˵󣬾˼ЩδȴȻһ¶ͷ
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Ϸ˾ʹٷ˳Ҳδüãٷ˻ظ粻ʱˣֱڹˡ
ԺþͿϺţ񮂵Ա߻һˡ
ˣ̤Ĳһ٣Һһ˿ǣǹɳ嶯ѹ¡
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µֽǳǳЦ£ܡ
أϾͲͷһۣ
ĥʲôأźүͱүš
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Ц֮࣬־Լڿɱ裬ȴòӦŹȴһ˿ȵ˲š
ܷʳʱһڣ˾ƿһ
ڼ䣬ܷͻȻһ򷭣һ֣⧲¾һֱ˲ͨһƬԱ߰𪽿۵ļ£˿ž;þġ
ܷæվǸ⣺ɩԲҲġ
ûϵСЩǡǿ´ǣЦúơ
ܷ۵һ˿Ūɿı֣һȭ޻־Ȥ
ͻȻ¿ӣܷŤͷûпʲôɫȴε
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ܷӦ̧ͷãҲҪæˣһŰɡ
գգ۾Щȣɫγ徻񮂱ܿߡ
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Ǳ̵ֱͨȴǰǰӷ˼ʪ⣬ȴ¶Ц֮޷Ϊ֮ݣƼ¶˼ֲȻ
ܷȻ¿ӣùãҳԺˡ
˵꣬뿪һ۶ûС
ÿüͷ̾һ֪λǳ磬Ҳףȥ
֪ˣǾûнӷϣһûо͸ܷ뿪
ߺԾʣúˡ
ϻؿһۣʲôãҲ֪޼Ȣʲôã
þţûнӻҲԸ޸ȥ׵޸ʱ̭ͷ·Ҫ޸һ㡣
ˣˣԼԺȥɣ
ҧط˷ӣת˳ȥ
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̧ӣԶͤȥ
˷·˷ֲˣʹͥڵͤ
Զˣ˵ЩʲôЩˣڷѾ̹ġ
ߴԶͤоϻӣҪ񮂷ĺãֻҪܷҪˡ
֪ⲻˡ
˲Ҫȴǽ俴صģѾ˸򣬴СӡԷȥ
˼Щɻ󣺡ٷˣԶ·
Щƣ߻ɢɢġ
Ӧһ䣬ܸܲࡣ
ߵһطʱ˼ȻСסǸԺ
Ȼռ¶ˣ˼õӡ󣬴ʱԴ˷ָ̧ܵһԺӡ
̧ȥŷǾȻߵˡ
īɸܣůů͸Źâ
ԺõԺӣӡԷЩԶ
ǽС·ײᵽԺӸ
ԺûסˣΪ
ڼס棬Ҳû̫󶯾
ԺΧŵʿ⸮еη
ýۼЩɱ˲գ۵ģʱٿЩŵˣǵŵʮʬ壬ɫЩס
ʹԼյľ֮¸мҲ᲻ʶȤǰȥ
Ƕûнյľٶϰɡ
ջߣӣ˵߰ɡ
˸ת뿪ãԺӾͱ˴ţһǰһ߳ˡ
ǰ˲֪ʲôüңЦЦȴܾЦдĺ⡣
ʹʱͷϳ˾ǽոովȹ˵ļ


 4 

ׯӿԼҺүǸģĵʵΣϹһ˿Թ
үʥϽģҪϴ顣
бһۣЦ£΢Щ⣺ʲô
ھ꣬ŵݣɲôͻȥ
ׯ΢һ飬
ʥǼѾ˴䣬Űؾ
ׯҲԼҺүڱ߹شʮ꣬ϺүҲ̹ܽүôԸ⽫ԼĻ˰ţ
үڱ߹ˣȻʥּھд꣬ȴﰵû֮Ϊڣһֱûʥּͻ顣
ҲʥϴȥķмΣôô
˳ţԺСȥͶ౳С
ׯҡҡͷѲʲôʥǱ߿ɲý
үʥϵҲܲʥϵּⲻһ¡
ɺûһ㣬ʵҪ˰ɣ
ǣһг̣Ϳɵִݡ
Ƴһۣһ˿ǶǵЦȻôģʱݳһȦ
˵⻰Ҳׯǳ鴤Ƶ쬵
Ҳ͹㽻ˡ
ׯޱ飬ԼӵıӰĿģǿɲһ˹
ǿ˵ϺүΪүˣҾˣֻΪүȫ
ҲǧҾ˳ݳǸݳתЩݵĹԱ˯ȣ
ɱȥ飬Ҫݵöࡣ
ׯҡҡͷȻԼҺү˵һֱδ䡣
ʱǰɺͣ޳ָǰһƬҶǰͤˣü͸Ц
֪֮ӵңǱֻ޸ڵ龰ΪѾ
ׯźүЦдĵ֪֮˺£̧ͷȥĿ֮һ㶡
ͤУ˿ü˵δʲô֮£־ҲȻ˽硣
ׯһۿȥ֪ͤǺιϵ
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ֻ޸Ժ԰л޼óϸչˣżҲϴ˿Ц⣬˿֪ѳ˼һ㡣
תŰָЩҲ֪ǲǸÿޣ޸̬ںЩ
ͨӵӰˣҲпó⸮еҲǲ·ˡ
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顣
ׯһݣͷӦǡ
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ҲķԸϣϳŵʱ򣬾ȥŹܼﻻ齣̴ľ齡
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Ҫȥʱٿƽֿ߽ĳ΢٣ס
ٷˣЩ⣬ͷ
ָ⣬ƽµ
ƽźңҲˣ⼸̸㣬Ƿַ˰ɡ
ΪѾߣ⼸㻹۲ʣ¼СѾ⻰˲Цӡ
޸ҲŴԺȻҲйأЩѾȻȴҲֻǳԱůǿܴ¼ʸõĸ㶼ǼõģΪѾߣ˳ż͵ζòЩġ
õĻأ˼֪Ӱ죬ҲտΣɫЩȵģ㳯ʹ˸ɫЦſڣ
ˣٷ˵ġ
գգӣŸ¡
û˻֣СѾߵҲȥɣˡ
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ٷ˱ģмڣЩ񲻻ˡ
ôӣûȥ⻰
ƽֵ߽ĳɻ᷺һɫ
ɣ֮⣬ҲԺķٰܷģȴ֪񱩶ʱڵҲаԺ
䣬ͷ׿ġ
Ҫþ˼ҲȥԼϢʹ߽
üȥ£
ϴһϲɫٷˣүȥ
ӡԷ˶֪ٷƽպٲܼүһ棬үǴүпܻת⣿ԺӵϢΪٷ˸ˡ
Ϣȴ˿ϲоֲ
ʱ񮂲ӦúܷһὫȥ
ĵ񮂶ܷνǰ˳ܷʱԺܷڵʱ
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ҡͷδ˵ү븮
үͬүϵãҲڸޣ˶δүڵϢϡ
Ψһ仹֪˴ǰȥĿģȴҲµܷѲ˹ϵ
ҧ⣬֪˻Ҫα
˼ٷ˵˼Щǵؿȴ˿δвϲأ
ٷˣЩɣүȼˡ
˵ȵЩˣѾСߴ
֪Լڸʵĵλ񮂵ķԸֲܾĵٲԸ⣬ҲòѾǰѣسȥ
˼;ϸؿһۣǰЦţĵɻѵԼ֮ǰ´ˣٷ˲ǲԸ
ԭΪ񮂴ʱԼԺУ˵֪񮂺ͱүܷʱԺڻ԰еͤ
üɲü⣬֪ܷʲôֵȥͤ
ĵҲ΢˿ͥ£ܷι֣ҲӦû˼ŵ棬̫
ӡԷ԰·ýѾ飬ĵײЩᷳ뿴ܷ񮂣ҲԸ
վЩ·ʱǾߵعڿˣƬ̣ңңͤˡ
ýˣͤʯϰŸ裬һЦ̣ܷһ̧ͷǿˣЦЩ񮂿ȥ֪˵˾ʲôҲͷ
ý²һ٣ٿĵ𲻰Ȼո񮂲δ¶̫۵׵һֲȻȴǿ
ˣԱܷĥҲЩȻˣһ˿Ҳޡ
ܷ˺ηֻǿ߹¶⸱ɫ
·ž˼΢΢սӲسͤȥȹţҲƲ˿
̨̤ͤף˼ͤüĶˣĵǷֺӿͷϱץסִЩĵ׻ң֪ΪĳЩ࣬ΪԼٷˡ
˫ַסã
ٷˣСĽ¡
ٿػ񣬱ƼܷͤЦЦģҲһϼ⸱飬ͬһɫȴܷϳʱ֡
طͷ˼һۣƼ۵׵ĵǣؽ׷
ʲôβԤٴʱһеع
ȵ̤ͤ񮂺ܷע£ɿ˼֣ˮط˷ӣξµЦţ

ܷȻüͷ΢ĴߣЦøӻ죬һ˫ĵṴ£ˡ
˲Ͱ
ҪƺĵٲҲñĵףһġ
˭ýȢأ
лҪ˵һ趨Ϻүû
ǰûɶϷϷͦİɣҾͦ


 5 

ů͸Ҷļ϶ϸϸбõϣΪ֬ļһϼ⣬Ц䣬Ҳ΢١
ܷ۾۵һ˿ݣΪôãΪˡ
һͬ󣬿ǽΪӣͲһ
òһݵ΢΢ҲԼ޸֣Ϊ˳ӡ
ڼõһԺ󣬶֪˱ΪҪȢһ㡣
ܷĵײΣУ
չ鵽ף񮂡
񮂴˳Ȼ񮂣ȻΪηҪȢһŮӣΪúԼһһڳݿڡ
ܷս˫֣Цʣ磬ñɩ¡
񮂻񣬾ͿܷΣʯ֣ʾģתãº͵أ
ˣ°ɡ
Ǹģ֪ǵݳڶŮĽ
ɫȹδϸӦɬһ㣬Եʯϣ΢ͷ̵۽ţͽһƬ̺졣
񮂶豭Ƶغһڲˮܷûп˵
ý˵Ķ۵ףźۼü⣬ĵװ裬Ϊ˲ˮ۰ϸָűڣȴһδմ
ܷһ޵ģЩ͵ššüԼһĨЦˬʿڣ
ɩո̸ʢеĽСͬ˵ɩױǽˣǶԴ˼ΪϤŲȥ˱ɩɩɷñܼʶһ
·ֻ˵ƽһ㣬ЦüΪڴؿá
ȴصһɲǣЩδܶסӣٿ̧ܷ۵׵һ⿴
գգ۾ƲţβǿЦ⣬һԴ񮂣΢

̧ͷǡÿӽʪģ΢Щ˸ʯܷһ£ûȥõ۾˵
Ȼ棬˾Ϊһɡ
õƺ˲һ罩Ӳĵ׾úЦ񮂾֪֪ԼЩʲô
ڹУҲóŪĹ⣬ûκһ˼ҵĹǰ
ݳǵĸŴԺڣһλ΢Ҳٻᱻ
ڻ԰ڵͤ޸ˣܷǺҪڵϲȡ
Ϊֺγڴ񮂵棿
ܡܷ
ͤƺž˺þãõܷһʧɻؿڣ
ɩԸ𣿡
߬ǿ¶һ˿Цʵɩȥе
޸ݶ꣬ҲһȺˣСѣֻܷܳ˾٣Ϊˡ
ܷƲƲ죬׵ĴүƢˣ
Щ˳Ҷ˰˰ٱˣûʸС
ɩ㳪һɺãЦʣŤͷ񮂣磬˵˵飬ñɩɣ
ӽҲŤͷ񮂣︡һ˿󣬿Щûã΢ЩȻĻͷʱ÷
ܷһĨЦ˭ˣҪһιӣüõĴš
ؿˣԱĴ񣬺ĵһ˿⡣
úһҹ㣬ĺݣû޸о˾˼ڣպҲԼ޸ƽ˼ңһƽޡ
ĺݣͬ
Ҳ־˾˼ܱϾ޸˾˼ҲԸΪ޸Ҳ֮顣
Բܷ
ȴͻȻ񮂡
ĵݸףеһԵ٣Ƶ·ߣֻü޸
ȴڴ֮ҹ·ĵײ²׷ףۿŵѣ裬Ʋ
Ǳú޽ʵˣȴΪҪһβݿڵ飬һҸ
ˣǻò
ܷĴߴúɿյϵԣس˳ǡ
ģڴ񮂻ġ
˵һʡ
ߵ˿£ڵ˰գٯŴ
񮂶Ų豭ȴͻȻһΣĲˮЩ̧򾲾ŵá
һֱ֪ݳԶˣһż㣬˵ۣӴ
ˣҲȥݸס
Ϊڵͷ֮飬Ȣһ൱ӡ
Ϊʣò΢κ˿ҲǻΪ󣬾µĿġ
ȻˣȴǴδϸá
ڴҹ˺֮Ƽεӣʶزӡ
ܷĥãҲ˳Ӧ£֮ҹҲδӡԷ
ʱȥϸؿλӣüۣǡǷ磬е͵ŴŴȴ޹˾ϧ
δвľ֮󣬶վˡ
ӸֶɫϮؿͤˡ
ŮӴʯϣСɾµ˿֣ԱӼȴƸľ룬ŴСβƴŹӰġ
һգƻβӡĵ׾þòȥ
ΣֱС꣬ĵջߡ
ӣߴŮɨһɫϣüһĨǶǵЦ˵
޸Щ˼
ŮӴŲףԲѾһȣ֪֮üģҲɲ³檣ȴڴ֮ͥ³С
֮ǰ֪֮ԺԵӹϵǱѰ
һߴɨ۵һ˿ײļ
ׯĻҲЦţ
޸ȷԸЩһ
ǰԼԼ棬Ҳȷڲͬ
̧ͷһǾþôͷŮӣҡͷϧˡ
бһۣüңתǰȥ
ֱԺʱŸոһӣŮŴĵӣŲ˵һ䣺
ȷЩϧ
ϧǸɤӡ
ϵָһѰζĻ̤Ժӡ
ׯһ˲Ȼ߽ԺӣŷӦڽԼոյĻ
үҲŮӿϧˣ


 6 

ͤڵ˲δɶˡ
ܷóһʱͺݺüͷƳ񮂵¸һ
Ϊӣ֪Щʲô
ʱܲ뵽к롣
ʱǴãòʧĵź
ܷȥӲýһӳ꣬ʼգܷûþʲô
һˣѾýֱҪҧư㣬ӡ죬ǿ̧ͷ񮂿ȥ
Щˣлȥˡ
ɫб仯δü˵ܷ̾
˵ùȻûɩ⽭СñȸҪ̫ˡ
ٷȽϣ⻰治֪ǰǱᡣ
ܷ񮂵ļ˲䷴Ӧٿʱû˸ո˿Ϸ۵ɫŵǵ
ȻˣǷ˻ǿЩȥϢɡ
˻£뵽Լոյʧ̬һ䣺
շ˻Ҫʩ࣬ˡ
仰£񮂷žüϵСЩĵЩΣױ軵ˣԵӶ겻䡣
˼ʹͷ÷
ûȥ˵ߣһ仰ҲֻһĨЦ޻شתһ߳ͤ
̨̤ͤʱ˼ԸоԼٷƺжȫߵӶѹϡ
ٷ˵֣ҲܲĵıŴʪ
˼ʹӺЩ졣
ٷǲǶүͱү
ԲŻӲΪүӡԷġ
ȻүѰʱһӦѯʱүǷ븮
˼ĵ׷ۣźٷһ֪꣬ٷǸҪǿˡ
ͤڣүҪһѾ߶ȡ֣ƫүͬ˱үҪԼٷ˾
ɤӣٷˣү
õĲһ٣ǿ˳ǣľ˼ֱЩϸ
ЩڶͲҪ˵ڡ
˼Ȼҧס꣬缳ˮۿ֪ٷܲµʲôʲô˵Ļ͵ڶһֶ˵ڡ
ٷ˵ĵ
ԣЩӣٷ˾ۿүͱү֮䡭
𣬱үУֻҪٷȥԺ밲͵źүͱүţÿαүаٰ㻨ڡ
˼ֱϡ
˲֪ܡ
˼֪Լ˵ﲻס
һŮӹ˵ɷ򻹵Сһӣ˴֣Ŀŵ˼ýȢӡ
þԼЩʪ̧ȥƿд۵⣬̵˫ۣ᲻¡
һʹȥ۽ǣβȥЦ񣬲¶һ˿뷨
˼һæֲ̧˲ᣬԸҲα졣
뿪ͤڡ
񮂿Ťͷȥܷ۵׸εЦÿζõ̬ȶҪʵ
ôˣ
˵㳪ҲǶӦ𣿡
ܷһոտõûۿ
⸱Ӷ߳һ뵽ɫһЩ
ס֣˿ĵط§סżֺúͳ磺
ǰֳͬ˵˵ֳ㲻ˣֳǸɺã
ܷ⻰ȥ۵ǷᣬеƢɢƲƲ죬ţ
ոֻſˣҺʱ֪
΢٣ת˲ͬ˵
ýȢӣٱֵ飬ǵ˻Ҷ˵Ĺϵ
ܷŽɵؿһۣջǽ·Ź
ֻĳ˲䣬ĵһ˿
ʵ±˷ֶ֮£ȴ˷ֺ̲סˡ
ԣԸȢһӡ
еʱⶼ񮂡
ȼؾúù䡣
ܷ񮂵Ļĵе뷨ЦӦ
صԺӺûˣ˼뿪ǰ᣷£ΪڳһƬ˽˵Ŀռ䡣
òڴϣŨ㷢סգӣ̶̰վͺƹһ㣬ӷۣȴ˿ⶼûС
Ժһֱǽ顣
񮂺֣ѣⱻļȡ
ȥͤͬһ㣬ڴ֮ͥ£Ϊ˳
ԼҪȥ룬ǿԼ˯
뿪ţ΢żһ˴ãԷ˯ȥ
ѾȾϽҹĻҰס
˼Դ֪үԽĵ׵һδôţŽš
Ǿ˼ȥϲĲɫ
鲻ѣȴջҪʩ࣬ӲǺࡣ
ȵѾ߽ʣµĲȳȥ󣬾˼źԡ
ԡϣ˯㣬ʱûʲô⡣
һЩˣֻʣ¾˼
óűڰϰС֣ʲô̧ͷʾ˼
˼븮ʱǸľ
˼һʱûзӦ˵ʲôβٷ˸սʱǸӡ
Ĺ£ӰǳЩȴڳܷΧڣ˼ľӷǰĵϣЩɻ
ٷˣʲô
õͷӲ˲ľϵĻҳ˼Ļɫ£ͷδ̧Ц
ûʲôֻͻȻ뿴
˼Լոձѹŵ壬Ծ͵˵ͷûٶʡ
̧ЦˣҲûˣҲȥϢɡ
ٷأ
˯㣬ʱû⡣
˼ֱܾӴĻ
㻹ҪҳþɲС
˼˲뵽ڸ񣬻˸Ҳپܾĵһ䣺ٷҲЩϢ¡
û˵ʱһ۽ţִľӡ
лҪ˵쿼ϣܹɣȿ
ŮӦôʮҿʼܿ
ôôλСɰ~

 7 

ľûú׾ͽľӴ˿
沢ûкĶ
ֻһҽ飬ݸʱѾ䷭˶鲻ֹ
׵
ĸ丸ѧһֺҽ׶ҲʮָȤڹǻὫЩҽóʱ䡣
޵޸æŸڵ飬Ѿþδ
ֻǽͤʱͻȻ
£ľµİڣһУ澲ƿذ׵ָɫƿӣ֪ʲôսƿպ÷Ž
ᣬмһ⣬һ֣ҳֽϵμС
ҹɫŨů£ƶˣ˿ʱɫ
һҲ֪ΪʲôԼҪӷֻվĵƽ
ҽڷźãǰ֪а㣬˿ġ
һʰã˵ڴӴɫ˴齡
峿ñ˼ѡ
ոԺǱߴ˵ٷ˽ղȥ밲ˣֱӳͺá
˼ѣĻɫҲֻǵƻŷ⣬Ӧһ
˼ٷ˱Ųƽȴûж˵ʲôֻǷԸ˽Ŷ
ðգѾˣûж˵ʲôֱӴž˼ȥΪ˷㣬մװĴȹɾ
յſڣһ󽥽ʧ̧ͷȥֻһ˵ĺ󱳣ԽˣΪ׵Ǹˣɫ峤ۣͦΣԶһ㡣
ֻüһۣ˾ʧ·ڣջߣתͷž˼˵
߰ɡ
μС˻ˣҶڸⱻ۸Ҳ޸棬ԽձԸС˸š
ߴĸСɨӵ䲻ʮ꣬ǵѣԼá
ҲûʲôʧϱͲںʹ˷ԸҲֻΪ޸ˣȻ˶ģϰˡ
״ͣ¡
ţ
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ջĴҵ񣬴˿̽ŶӣڵŲ
ôȥ㿴Ĵʱ߶ʿȻЩ˶Ǽˡ
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һ߾˼Щݵ
һգЩԹ̵ܽȻĻ
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Сܹʿ˵
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еֽץӣ¶һĨЦ
պͷλλൣ
ʿ۵һ˿򴽳Цһ£üǳģᣬʿƿߣȥ
˶ˡ
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䣬¶һϸûдʲôΣֻǿԽϸҨһ࣬ŵӵһࡣ
ĸм˵ʲôܣֻǣ¶ǳǳЦ⡣
ͬʱĳƽ߲һ֣ʱ鷿ڵĴ뿪ţѬ㣬̡
鷿ڣŰۣü۰һõϣ˿δУѹȸϮ
ϸݳǵһЩԱվһԣɻ̻̣鷿ѻȸ
Σɵ
ǰһû©ˡ
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˵üǡ
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ʱǣǸЩʡ֮ҡ
뿪ׯӲſڣӦǸٹ̡
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κ̾˿
ʵԸؾ
ʥϽԳΣȫϣ±ȶӻҪżÿνҪһᡣ
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ĵײԸ
ׯЦүʥҲһƬġ
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Ϻүڱ߹أְڱ߹صĺж䣬Ψһͷǵźүס
ƫүûͷϺү
бһۣûнӻ˻һΪԼġ
Ϊ˱˿ģΪԼɲ֪˺룬֮ǲԸġ
ׯһүؾҲɡ
ţ
үƣ෬ׯ˵仰̧ͷЦЦؿһۣׯֻûп˵
¿Ƚϸ֤ռֻҪүһգϸӶǲܰǵ֮һҲɽ
һʥǱҲү֮ٻؾǡ
һۣ˳ǣⲻۡ
ֻҪһˣʥϾݡ
ֻǣݵ״źۼüͷµ˲ƺ̶ָûϣƵ͵Ϳڣ
ɡ
лҪ˵ֻҽ飬ʧǸҩƿõ
õģĺãң
쿼ļȻ󡭡˯ˣһѾʼˣ¡

 8 

ףƽִ߽˺ܶ׵Ĳ΢񴦼ˡ
վ̧Լᷦ󣬾˼еӽӹɫ
ٷˣʱ䲻ˣǻظɡ
Ӧһ̧ԶɨԹõѣͣڽ䴦ŵļϡ
ָ΢ϸؿ˹ȥ
˶Щţ겻ݹᾣʮŮ
ǿ׳꣬ʱֻܶڽƺ˵Щʲôˡ
˼ʰú󣬼ûжɻֺһٷˣ
û̧ɫļ˿ɫźۼ΢ʣµļͷϸ˵
Ǽͷݸҡ
ЩϧؿǱ߽ˣ˼˳߿ȥʲôЩǣ
ٷˣǲҪЩˣð͹ȥͺá
óЦһ£ˣûµġ
˼Σʣµͷݸ
ýӹͷǱȥ
˼ģһС˸
˶̻ʵسʳûм˹עǡ
ֱߵȺǲŷƺŵһ㣬ȫŵؿֳ˲ء
òźۼؽɨǲ֣ЩɫЦƣԽϸ
ʣЩͷǳ԰ɡ
һʮҵ̧ͷ˿ֿ˿еͷʿˮ
ǣ
֮ǰǱҵĺӣеװ˲ڽ֣֮Сʳ⵽ż
λ֮ƽ߽ߵźһЩûٸֱʳ
ˣ쵽ʳҲȫסǲҵˣϾЩʿһֱǡ
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ԣŰɡ
£ͷͱһȺ˺ȥÿͷǽǴڴڵ̻ʣٶȽͷ
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ÿʶ˺ʲôû˵תž˼뿪
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ˣҲȥϢɡ
˼ҲۣҲֻǵͷ¡
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šϸüڴ齷˸Ͳסӡ
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ԼĶĵͻأݺһϸüѻ
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ģô
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΢ʰһ£һŵӻɫȹһ֧۽ǣĵԽЩ
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˼ţӡԷھͿ˾˼еӻ磬һžЩӳƵ˼ɢЩҲǳǳع
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ģ֪Ҳ˵ġ
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Ψһ룬ҲˣҲֺСϡ
ôԼָ⣬ɫ֭ˮȥüǳһ˼ǰȥ
ͻȻ˼ź𣬾òеҩ
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˼æĴһԼͣǸεؿá
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ٷԩū£ջٷ˳ʩء
ǰڸſڿǵӰɫЦţ
㶼ÿղÿУȻæµˣ
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˲Զ˽˶Իȫڶ
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㣬˶֪æ
ׯӿһЬ״΢Цûнӻ
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ЦЦؿһۣׯ̵ͷش
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ôãҲȥλ޴˾Щʲô
лҪ˵ڰˣоÿ죬ûˣĩ
ΪëոǻǾأ

 9 

ͷԽԽңž˼Ժȥ
ž˼˵ո飬˵үԺʱһ£Щ߷߲ƽ
ձүڸڣֱסүԺ
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ѾеҩȥֻҪ˲ǰ˾ʲôò⡣
Ÿ飬һʱ֮Щʧ
˼ΪԼ˵˻ĵһգ첻˵СĲ
˲ע䣬߳СۿӡԷǰ
شһߴһ
ˡ
Ͷһ٣ͷȥ
ͼС˳߹˿ޱۼ˵Ĺģ
ϸüɲһôˣ
ЦӭǰȥǡôشżȸԾͲ⣺
ô
񮂼Ļϲָ΢ͻأַ
׵ܾٶñ˸ֲӶʱӲ˿Ӧأ

˼ˣԭȥĶһ٣һ
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ֹĵҲǣ֪񮂾ڴʲô⡣
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ղæ𣿡
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ʼ飬üͷֻǿǺӣ˶٣ҡͷʧЦ
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ԣ˵ͷҹ
񮂼ʣüͷҲɣĵ׾ȷ¡
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ٴƬ̣Ҫˡ
񮂴ûӡԷùţϣҲҪ¡
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٣񮂲㳤ʱسǰ
лҪ˵ŬŮ棬ҵĸϷѽͻ
ڵҿһˣ˰ǧ֣ţ


 10 

ò֪ô񮂣޲ܷʱ޸ʱͻȻ˳
үү㡣
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ЩϸŽµ·
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·ֻǹһ㡣
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˼ʱү뿪ĵҲ֪ϲǣý뷿䡣
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ҿԲܼСӵ飬Ҫã򣬺ߣ
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ЩʧؿָϵѪΣһˡ

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 11 

ɫѰƽ߽ȴδһ˿
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ׯ֪ʱ鲻ѣСɫ·ʿĵ⣬ݷâ
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лҪ˵ҡҪԣڸϰĶ֮ǰĴ
Ȿ˴ٵģ޺ʲôʱoverѾƻ˵
СʹҪż

 12 

õ͵ͷӣû뵽
𣬼գƽ߽Ѫ龰ɫ΢Щס
ָͷ˵δƣףҧŴ꣬޴롣
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ոõһ֣س˳ǣ岻һ
ǣСǡ
ׯӿ˵ԻЩͷԣү˵˭
ɱ˼䲻Ƴһۣ
θɣ
ׯһҭڨЦү쬵
ʲôѾ˳ȥ췣
ׯһҲΪԼ飬Ҿ֮æ¡
ɿԶӰָõ壬Ժкһذϸɫٿ΢
ΣĵüңǹһĨЦЦ̧鷿ȥ
û֪ɶۣոսյʩࡣ
ϢżϣƳ䴦ļˡ
ڼͣƬ̣ƿ
أľ˼ɳףǲүôˣ
һ㶣˳ž˼߿ȥ濴񮂵Ӱ
ϸü΢ɻô
޸ߣռ⣬δմƽ߽֡
ƺƽָ߽ǱȨԹƽա
Ǻ֮ǰ޸˶پƬطô
ƺѾ߹
΢򴽣ž˼վӭȥϲ⣺ôˣ
ɫԽԵÿݣһ᣺ʱ䲻ˣظ
⻰˵οǲ֪ΪԷ޶ǳ
Ķһ٣ۻϲؿ΢죺
лȥɣͷӣ
ȴЩûбס⻰˵޹ʵضֿЦ
񮂼ϷۣԽᣬϧǣ֣
˵ʲôΪоΪ㣬Ӧá
ԳΪǵЦݲЩסƺߵشͷŽԼɫס
ֻ֣ϸ޹ǣʶ¡
ûһһ˿ǲŽҪֶĳ嶯ѹ¡
˳ȥŷ۴ǣߵ·ѡ
Ƴʲôɫһ٣źۼسǴȥ
ܷһƥһСǼСˡ
Сӽƫ񮂵ĽǶȸպÿ
ýӲӽͣǳǳһĨɬҸЦֻɵʹš
ȻԥţΪ˶ˣͬʱԼֵ
ܷĵĿضߣãֻһˡ
ŮʱεĹкᣬֻĵϸشۡ
⸱ᶼֻǸġ
۵ؿŮӵ֣ţһʱ֮䣬ֲ壬񮂴ʱɫмǼװ
ޣֲڵǻģϸ΢ʹ޷
񮂲ͻȻͣЩɻת
ˣôˣ
վǲΪ˶ˣԼΪѣסӣЩɬɻأ
񿴼ˡ
أͼ񮂵˲佩סҵط֣תͷȥ
ܷ߶ϣҴ˵һ䣬ˣȻظ㳯ܷķȥ
ÿܷת뿪񮂽شǣһƥ׷ȥʧСתǡ
ĵ׺޲ֻǰصͷչϸϸ
ûн񱣬ȴʱƲסؾöġ
˼վ󣬺۲˵
ȥٷ˴ʱ飬үǰľٶȥүƾʲôΪٷ˻ǰԴǣ
˼˺ݶ㣬Ҫһɫƭ㣬أĸԸ̣
̧ϸ߰ɣظ
˼һ仰Ҳû˵ٷ˾µüۣ¸һ뷨
ٷ˲ûм޸үǸöã

񮂿ܷ뿪ݺüͷ֪ˣæ׷󣬸ȥ˼õ뷨
ֱܷܸȥ򴽣۵ЩԥոմӦ˸ףղܸˡ
ܷһֱ۲񮂵Ķ仯۵ףͻȻĵһңֹ
Ȼͷ񮂣ع
۵׷죬ţ㾹Ҫȥ
üЩۣܷһ֫䣬޵ƺû֪
վ֪˴˵Ĺϵù⣬һС
εؿ޵ֻһѪۣеĲͶ˲ʧüù֣
ôŪģ
ܷûжֻǺۿ
һ٣ӵڻЩƣۣ
֣𣿡
ܷҧŵĻһ𳤴ţʱô˵
ǵ£Һ͸һֽˡ
ܷʱסеĲɢĵưġ
񮂵ͷĿ΢ҹ׿ңã˵Ҫô죿
ܷǽڣصɫ˵
ѪǼ¡
ο޸ֻһж
ܷǷϵشͷԲ۹⣬ÿ˿̣ʹԼΪŮӡ
񮂻꣬ģʱɫոһ񮂱΢й
̧򦣬ͷȥܷݺݱ
֪ãΣҲ˵ȥͱºӵĻ
񮂺ֻӸ׿̣ɺã
ܷЩʣִֻϷ
̽һЦң
СܷǽϣΪΪɫҧסᡣ
۵׵ɫֱҲûлشĻ


 13 

û޸󣬾ͱ˹ȥ
šü֪ȥΪΣ񮂵ķĵ΢ģ΢ЦźʹӦط任ѣŸϵԺȥ
յԺЩñ˼ţϺ֮Ħ̤ԺŵĽŲ˶٣ſȥ
ŵѾ񣬽ƿ
ý̧֮ͷһ£۵΢в죬Ժ밲ԺҲΪϤƹȥһۣͷİƻЩ
Ժ鶫ģϣҲֻǹˡ
գգ۾ֻûп
ɫǺܺõڻľϣͷϴŽĿţԴưԺǸӺ󣬺ԺƺҲԽԽÿմŷصΣܳΪĸһ㡣
ýݣ͵ͷ밲ס
ü۵͵ǳǳģҲᣬϿһۺȴ
ԺǸҲһ˫ӾˣƫװһˮģԼһ
үˤŶ󣬾ȥԺӣǼ밲ʱƹȴģĵ׾һŻơ
ǼǵԼĿʲôѹĵ׵ĲãһЦ
վֱӣü˳۵ʣ֪ҶϱʲôԸ
ĵףǿϵģԼҶӵôҲȢһλ֮Ůĵ׽ǣҲĨ档
ž޵Ƥĵװûãƽ׳һ
Ϊӣ粻סԼ˵ģܡ
ŵʱ˿ûʶԼҲûסưġ
ֻ۵ɫЩãüͷ𣬴ЩĿǣ븮ҲѾһˣôϢҲûУ
ĵһȻ⻰˼ǣ⻰Ͽ˵ȴͻȻЩãˡ
񮂺ܷ飬òϻ᲻֪
Ȼˣû˼
úȻ̧ϣɫƽϾһ񿴵Щ飬ʶرӦĵԽգ
޼ȢΪ˸޼ҿ֦ɢҶ㿴һ궼ʲô
ԴȢ֮һ϶δɽӾһҲû
˵˵ţԽռ˺ܴıˣǣ˭һ᲻һϣһ˰ռԼӣȴöûС
ֻĸһ껹ܼء
Ͽþѹŭһ䣺ûá
ޱصʹͷ
ĵ׾޸˶ĵЦƫȴԼܼ޸Ǽĸ֡
˱۾ƿȹڹڵϣɫףƱ˵޵ݣ۽ǣ
Ƕϱûã
ϾӸµؿã⻰һֱƵ΢һЩȻһ仰ȴֱɫһ
ϱĵҲΪ޼ҿ֦ɢҶǣܰͷһ𣬶ϱֵĵٽҲҶ˵ʲôѽ
õͷ죬Լһ㣬ȴҧסˡܡֵ͡֡
ɫһһףưΪ¶Ƣ۰ԼֶʱĵҲûᷢʲôԭҪйϵĵףƫ飬ٶʲô
˸£˵񮂺ͷһ𳤴󣬸ȻҪһЩ
վǲٶ˵Լ¶ڣææһת
Ϊ񮂵ˣҲá
ɵţһ˿ίϱ֪
̲ס̧üģٿã˻֣
ˣˣ⸱ɥ˭ϽԼԺȥ
ֱԼԺӣɫһѿ
ϵĻ׽񮂺ϵķζ
ǣɫףǾȻ⣡
һߺͱңһ߻ҪΪϵá
֪Ϊϵãŵ޸պܶĺӵġ
ǣƾ񮂶ܷ˼ܷ̲ˣôܻ񮂵Ѫ
ҪǣƾʲôҪԼﰵ裬ΪТ˳ĸͰˣҪã
䲻ҪһԼĺӣһ뵽񮂺ܷ䷭͵һǴĳҲ˵Լǡ
ɫ÷ףӿĿɬʣָĵӣһ˿⡣
գԸ
һڷ˺þãõ˼ǵؿҪʱų˽
˼ʱٷ˺ָֻƽģһҲûдԺʱɫҰף˼ššüǷֵѹĵס
֪ٷ˶ǲᵽЩˣҲЦţٷˣɳˣٲ˾Ҫˡ
û˼ţȴҲǿѹЩ
źþ˼ţүʱ
һȣȵҹɫ٣žƶѾߣ˼Ŵɫѿأ
ٷˣүظˡ
ۿү׷űү뿪ôòŻĵ֪үôʱں˭һ
һ¾ɵҽ鷭ţԣ̧ͷһˣ
˼ͷԣүԼһ˴ӺŽġ
źŵǾ˼ˣûоˣ֪񮂻ظʱ䡣
˼޸Ҳ˺ü꣬ԸбҪϤö࣬ûźõʱɨ԰ӵСѾͷ꣬Ҳʶ˲ٸеˣü޽һЩѾ߸ԸӡԷֵ˾˼
һ˿˴ӣĵһ뷨Ҫ⼸֮ʵʩ
ôôҲûرһ
һҳҽ飬ָⰴһþδš
лҪ˵ʼˣŮ¿ʼرˣȿ

 14 

գøҪͻȻ˴סһͷͼ񮂴Ӹۡ߳
ﾪȣôʱˣ
񮂽еȱһֻãôһЦǰ˵
ͷȥƽ߽֡
þϲ̧ͷȴǽ죬ڵһ£Щ˼һ£ôͷ
΢ڽЦ⣺кβɣοҲҪȥǡ˳·
ñʹ⻰Ҳǽߵصͷ۽һһǹˡ
Ӹ߳ļ˸պÿĻΪ׵פƬ̣ȵʻ뿪һﲻһ˿
ׯЩԼҺүôˣ
Ȼ˵֪֮ӵȷʲôˣҲ˼ҷ֮£ԼҺүⲻô£
ׯ벻ͨҲֻԼүԽĥûȥ롣
Ȼǰ˻ͷšüһۣׯһ㶣ֹס˺һүкηԸ
ͼԼҺүסһĨЦĪ˾ЩΣգܿ£
ׯӶסӣڨЦе£үǺͰס
Ͱ
ǵЦһׯӵļׯĵ״ģ֪Լ˵ʲôͼɺسЦһת󲽳ǰȥ
ׯӲ˲ԼͷĪе亹Լһµˣ²۵
үôˣԽԽͷԡ
ߺµޱؿһۣһ仰Ҳû˵ת뿪
ׯӶ˶٣ֹţ̱ʮСϾ˿ǰźүѵҾǣɽ˵һѵһպԼСЬ޶ûȥ
ոˣүطԸţմˣǱȥѵմڳǱûš
ǹӦ£ΪݵĹԱһ˿
ϣɲݳȺԱסĵط
õƽ߽֣ת񮂣ɬԼȥͺãЩȥɣʱ䡣
ϣῴãСЩ
æɬصͷת;˼ȥһתϵЦ͹ѵٽЦ
񮂣Զĺջߣȥȴڿ쵽ʱת˸䣬һС϶ȥ
ǴӦ˸ףЩʱ򲻼ܼˡ
ǣռܷǵᣬʱĵҲŲ£ټܷһҲʹӦˣճ
ȥܸҲܷܽ޸ݳܼĵط
Ȼ֪񮂴ʱںδҲں
չʱͷԽԽңҲʼæ˵ׯڲ֣ǴĻȴæܲһֱڲӵ¡
ھ˼õǵ˵ţСЩʱ򣬽ֵϺȻЩ
˱תͷȥͼżˣȻݵس߶
ֵ̧ĵҲЩţȴЩЦ
̧ǣڵסЦ⣬ݳǣһ֣˾èһŷɥ
ɸ߽ͿӵʢЦģѵö˶٣ü
Сǣǲˣ
ڿ쵽ﴦ˽ӹеޣһ³﷽ȥṴһĨЦЦģ˲ʽ
þ˼վ߽Ჽ߳
ԽԽˣ΢ţӣǰ͵ͷӣһĨǳǳЦ⣺
μ
Զʱͣ˽ŲϵЦݣ۾ɡ
վӣַ˷ӣͷϸϴμ˳δüл
ĵײɫüȴšüɫţ·𲢲֪˵ʲôʱ
ýŵ򴽣ȴ⣬ԭ;üüۣβŶЩ
ݳգоȹһΣĵ׸м
ýָϣΣƸһ㣬ĵص˵ͷ
һС£˲ع
ԣһ£ŽָҲɣ׵ָ͸ЩɫһֱʹţʱϸһĨмл
˵꣬һ˼վԣ˵
ɶ˻ᣬ˵ˣ۾תĴָϵָµ߿
Ƴһ㣬վֱӣĵ£
ǣǡ
Ǹ·õʱһɨĸٶ£Ųɫջ뿪
ĵƽְ߽ЩδֳʲôĶ
֪Ǻʱ뿪ģҲ˲£ɸո뿪˼һֱ߶
ٷˣ㵨Ӻô󰡣Ȼͼ˵
εؿһۣΣȹǣ޷ʲôܹ黹Ҫмһ¡
˼Ȼ֪һ뵽ɫȻ£ݳǣ˭ԼǾµģһ룬ٷˣ͸ˡ
ʱңþͼ񮂴ӳķ˵һͬȥ
Цýߣȴǳƽ߽֣ڳôڳ
οòźۼؿϵۣϳʱ򣬴öǾɫۣǵóʱƣһ˳ơ
̧һ˿𵽶󣬲ɫصüۣ񮂽յȥĵЩ²⡣
񮂻ͬ˵ĵȴ¶˾ġ
񮂱ȥѰܷҲںÿնظĵΪΣȴ붼Ը롣
˼ȥ밲ʱҲѵüϵЦﻰҪץסʱӡ
òĵ룬ȴÿÿɬӦ¡
գȥƽ߽֣ʱòЩˤӣ񮂼ʱ˷ס
ģԽԽȻõĶ۵׵ĵһʱ֮˷ֲ٣һ§õļһֵ˵õĶͷ
㰡СЩ
ͨ죬֪Ǉ壬ᴷ񮂵ļæ˳񮂵Ļ˼ûеȣ˼سȥ
񮂿ߵģ۵й˼Ц⣬ҡҡͷֱýż뿪
ƽؿ뿪ķϸϸؽһĨ̺
лҪ˵ȿȿ


 15 

ڳԼ˽µԺӣЩӣܷ档
ԺǱ޹ռȲ޸ȴҲ㲻Сˣïʢ֦Ҷһµĺȥ
񮂺ܷǵһǵĵһ˵
񮂹˼żˣ޸ڣͺܷʲôТԺ˲źݺݵطһء
ֻ֮ԽԽ͵͵޸ܸڶй£ǱǴΣҲΪûס鷿ڷ˹ϵײ
ײС˺˸ڻ·ż⣬
ԺСˣڱԺ粽߽ԺܷѾˡ
˵īڼιӸ磬ܷݳҲǱڶŮĽˣֻֻ񮂣Ӳ˿۵ס
ˣܷһ񮂣Цݣڷ˵Żûжãձ㽥Щͬ˼컡
񮂵ܷ̽·ܷͷüͷ͵ţһƿϣӽ
ܷ಻סҪȥ񮂵ʱ򣬺Ƴ½󴦵һĨ̺죬ɫ˲ʧѪɫոǷҲɢӽ
񮂲ԣͷȥͼԼ½һšüôˣ
ܷƱһ㣬ۿЩ죬ոպ˭һ𣿡
ý߲ӣ΢΢һóϣܷľٶĵһ⡣
ܷӽβżһ䣺磿
񮂿ε̾һҪȥ§ܷ㿪ȴûܶ㿪˵ţôˣ˵ֳ
ܷ½󴦵̺죬ҧҲ˵ִֻǲǺһ𣿡
ͷЩͷۣ֪ܷΪͻȻǲ˵ˣӵ𣿡
ܷͻȻ˫Ŀͨ죺ֻӣΪʲôȾ֬
ڼӣƽձĸţҲ˵ûĸѡ֬ԴмϤһ۱ƳŮӵ֬
һ֬
ʱˤԼӦʱעȥ
Ȼ󣬱㿴ܷͣͿܷ˫ͨģ۵׸ۣȥ
ʲôֳú;ǡ
ܷýܷ˼ºûѣͱڻûٶ񮂵½Ĩһ᣺ð͡
񮂿ǺЦͷ½ţ
÷ֳ㣬ˣֳۡ
ܷû˵ţȴһֱĨ̺죬񮂿õͬһ£ƾνͣҲβ¡
ȴû֣֪θ鱾άֵüѣݲٹ
ܷͷ۵һ˿⣬Ȼˣܲȥ
գûеȵ˼ֹ˼䣬ȴϣɫƽ˼æס죬ٶ˵
˸кͻȻԸ˼ʱЩơ
˼ȣϾδٷƣǲ⣬ȴӦ
Ͼٷĵô࣬żйһ£ҲǺ¡
ȵʱϣƵس޸ȥ쵽޸ʱ򣬾Ϳɫ΢ؽ˸ۡŽׯӱϢᳶ˳ǡ
λ֪֮ӣһ֡
۵׸һĨŪת˲š
޸ſ񮂱ȼһƺ飬δˡ
˫ָڱĵתṲָ̋¶ţӾһ١
΢۾վ֪ʲôƬ̺ұߵСȥ
ǵЦЦһ˲ͣ٣סԺͨǰԺûмǴ޸ǰԺӦǳת
ׯҲ棺G֪֮ӽվȻȥ˺Ժ
΢٣б⣿
ׯЦЦ֮ǰүҲһ޸֪֮ӳ˺ܼСӵ⣬һºϡ档
޸ٷòݳǶжţƫƫλ֪֮ȴǳ׺һζδȥԺ
˵꣬һΪ֣յϡˣѲǻתˣ
֣ȴûע⵽Ļü΢΢£תŰָĶԽԽ죬פԭأ񮂸ո뿪ķ
վһ࣬΢ɫ۵ףȻڣƽֳֵ߽ۣΪ֪Ӧȥһ
ׯ΢ü˲ۣܵþæһۣ˵ʲôһ£ү죬ǳ˲үһǨŭ
ȴһ۶δׯӣֻسɸס
ɫһתͷؿǣǳؽסߣ۾ΣЦһǣģ
˵ûȷȥһ
ׯɺǣƲʲôԾ첻˵
أɳԺȥӣɫֻǵЦԽԽȴ˲Ҷ࿴
ȴʱһת޸
ׯЩӦȥûзԸֻܸ
ҹɫŨ޸С߶ŵµ·յһ
ǰɫԽԽ̷޵عŴǣһݳʱĿˡ
񮂵ӡԷǰһ䵽ӡԷǴ֮գҲֻƿ˸ͷûٻ
վԺǰšüͷյĵһ˿ɣͲ˵ӣ֮¾Ƿ⣿
۾ӡԷ
ôʱţõ٣̴Բϰĸɫѵõϻһƺ
̤ʱľƵĳ棬̺Ŷ£¶һذ۽΢̣Щȵöˣ͸˼ʡ
񮂿һЩ˵Ŀġ
Ǿ˼ȷ¾ңæ밲ū澲μү
һƺ˶һ㣬õľҲ˼֣ײ⸱ģЩңᶼҪˣڵϷ
񮂿ɫ죬ԾżģмȥãµȡЦţΪ򾹲֪ԭǸ̰ġ
˾֪˼
ûңææͣƽղ˵ġ
񮂿ЦǵΪˣײĻ
ϸ˿ƺûΪԼ⸱Ӷãһ˲ɫȾϺϼһЩɬѯʵ
ùţ
Ǻܷ֮Żظģ۵׵˿ʱʶؿڣδ
˲ǷһЩɺã
һС̽µü۶ƴżκϧ
񮂿ĵǷֻɵǽȥһþӺԺŮܷʲô
һ룬񮂱ҲЦЦΣҲ΢һͬ¡
ֻǶžƱСöѣżýգ֪ãȴĵһ԰͵⣬ǳǳ΢΢ģԼδֻǿõԽЩ
ܷ˲پƣʱٺϼЩˣǰҲԽˡ
˶٣üۣԺܷͨ˫ۣžƱһ˲ͣ١
ٯѾúˣ
̧ͷȥȴ۵ײŵһʧ΢٣δùţնһ˹һ˶ţЩΣ£Цţ
˵ţǻ
ú⽥ʢֱʶЩѣӣеľϡ
лҪ˵쿼ˣΪʱ
Ҳûˣͷͺ

 16 

񮂵С棬˿ɫүҪЪӡԷˣ
ֻ˾˼һź򣬾˼Ѿ˵ģЩ㲻ٷʲô
ؾͼٷ죬ƺЩܣ˼ææǰסٷˣô
ЩãȻ˼⣬˼˿ֿ˿һߵүز֪룬Щܵ
Ҳҳȥߡ
˼Ȼүأ
գգ۾ƺʶЩѣʲôү
Ȼһתͷ񮂣Ƭѣվȵط˷ӣЩʣȥߡ
ʶšüȴ˵Щʲôֻǰ֡
˼һ٣Ҳٶ˵ͷãؿϣС˿߳ЩȣɻԼүأǿЩģҶ࿴Ҳҷʣֻſڡ
һƺҲʹЩתͷѾߣüԸһ䣺
ȥˣչһү
վһ䣺ٷأ
üģЩܵģ˵ԺӴ磬ܿͻ
£תԺ߶Ҳû뿪ӡԷ
ûɣֻǺˣ͸͸硣
˽ȥź񮂣սȥͿüһֳŶͷ˯ѵ״̬ʵзֺɫһɫ죬ǰס񮂡
᣺үүû°ɣ
Ѿ߿һۣĶЩԽ磬ӡԷĴѾߣҲ˵Щʲô
˺񮂷ųȥϾүȻû취ȥˡ
ڰ񮂷ڴϵʱ򣬲֪ôģˤϣԼڴϣ˿һ㶡
񮂻ȻһӣšüֲʵξҲ֪˭
ã
Ʊḧһ£Щ޹ǣסеˣһòС
Ѿֻεεغү֮˾͵񮂵ĻǽǶȿȥӦ񮂽ȥģӣҲ֪ΰǺã使Ҳ£æ˳ȥ
Ժʯϣҹ紵ϣӳȥҹɫ£ѣ˿⣬ֻһƣο׼ôܻأ
üۣŸոĻ
·Ѿ̺ãǧʧ
ûƬ̣þһæҵĽŲüãȻػͷȥͼСѾ߻æܹһ͹
١ٷˣ
ñվšüôˣ
СѾȻҲңүүʣµĻСѾ߲֪˵ڣְֺֻһƬ
ɾˣҲ֮ʱһѪɫؿСѾһŽ²ȵسȥ
СѾ߿²̣Լٷһ꣬ŽүһΣȴԼߵѾ˴СѾ߹룬òġ
õ˷ſڵʱ򣬱ŮӽĵҪ̤ĲӶָعǽڴ͹ס
˴ʱҲˣһ˫ӷ죬ƺЩãȻεҰɫؾ죬ŴŵµΣվԭؿš
˼۶ˣõЩٷˣүϴ˵ġ
⻰˵Լţΰοã
ÿ޵һɷףȴ˿һԺӵ˶ͷߵС˶ȥۡ
֪˶ãر۾ھ˼ϣС
ʱܿһСܽһĻңȥԺֻţ
үأүأƽֽ߽ճңүүǰȥƽ߽֡
˻һԺһ£ýŵƺ£ĵɻ󣬽ƽֺ߽ʱӣ
ʣС˽񮂡
ﴫһŭ⣬Ůӵĳ
С˽в񮂣մˮ񮂵ϣѹһͿĵߡ
ʱһʶؾ뵽Ƿ֪ô죿
Ǳŭֱɫɷף㶵ؿȫϲ
ܿ񮂵ŭ⣬ʶؾ˵үٷū澽źŵġ
˻һ۵׵ŭ⼸ۿɼطӿĵ׻ҡ
С˾ؿһۣٷ˵ȷѾ߽źţҲûôźѽ
Сź񮂴·ͼһ߳ȥճȥͿòҰ׵ɫδɵۣһ١
Ҳ߳˳ǣǿ¶һĨɬЦ͵ͷӣǸ˵ɤ΢Щɳƣ
ͷ
˼һתЩȻѾ⸱ģҲ֪˶೤ʱ䡣
񮂽üͷĵΪԲܷЩ꣬⸱ģЩΣ鸴ѱ棬ֻ˵һ䣺
úϢ
㲻ٿС˼ţںԺ¶С£ǼǱȴ˿ɵ
лҪ˵쿼ëţͷۣ컹
ſûʱظۣǸѽ
ڵĵһˣ
СʹӪҺĻǾһ
ȿȣһ

 17 

ߺҲûнȥվãһϤϤ
ڵ߳ϻ֮Ľ죬۵мƿ󣬾͹ڵϣţ
ٷˣū澽ͣүū澣ٷˣǲţСǣ
֪ѵãҲ˿ڱʱ濴ȥΪү˾ġ
˼ŭգǰȥһƴϣһ£˼ͷŭ
ԵٷΪ˼صúܺãޣϲ̨Ķ
˼ź֪֮ô˺ãҲһźãȴû뵽ԼһĽãȻ˼˴ֱˣӺūſϲ̨ġ
ɫһһ󣬿ȴҺ;˼ֻܿŽԼǹġ
û˵ֻƽؿֱ˸Сջߡ
Ʊ紵һŻ˵ˣ˼үˡ
һ⸱ģ̫ԣ˿ۡ
ûֻƽطԸţڲԺүǱߵİš
ƺʲôķӦǿҲƽǸոտɫҰŵˣʱԽƽԽۡ
˴ȥò̧߽ȥһԲϣѾ߽촲ȫµģžɵıϷһ˿ѪЩԵİɫգžѹ֣ȴһ˸˵
ƽ߽֣ǰͻȻϢŭŭԱá
ͣȥϸӡ
վȺ֮УһɫҹɫĵԽݣɫ΢ϹŵһĨЦЦʱҲʧ
ݹԱ˲ռʱӳϣƤɼȴ۾գһ۵ģ޹ĵ
˽ȣǵȲϸǰ
޸һۣȻ᲻صЦһԽͷȥЦǺ⣬ͬʱĵ׽޴˾ʲôôû
ɿʱ䣬޸ڣһʱѾȥ
ɫԽԽѹԽԽ䣬ļߣʱڿϸӵӰ
ɿͿ񮂵ģһ
ҲЩմӷȻһ۾ͿǸմ˵ˣֻҪ㼰ʱϹҲ£ƫգôã̧ͷһۼɫæͷҿ
ɵֱֱ񮂵ϣٿ޹ЦһĪܺá
ûһǾüڿ񮂡
ü͸һ⣬ƫЦһ㣬˿ĵ׾Ǻ뷨ֻܴⲻ
޹ӵȷˣ˰ʱǰȥ޸λҲʱ
ưɫҲЩѿǰһؼ΢Ӷ˲үˡ
ɿãȻ˳ǣЦģ
˵ڱӹ֮ʱ˽
ưǧҾٿյ¶һݵ棬ɭɭ⣬ֱưӶ۵ףƵǽбӲ¡
ɷһ߸ϵϣӸµһ֣

أɫز뿪޵΢ȴڿ쵽޸ʱȻЦһ
ԼС
û׼СǴʱϲء
ׯӵ˽޸¶ţ·԰ͤؽŲһ٣ͤ￴һۡ
ҹĻԣģС
ûҲ֪Լʲô
˼Ƿޣܹ֮ׯһͻȻ㲻ˡ
ȻǰδйպҲҪˡ
ŮӵüۣβСģƽǰ
СŴ
ƲŮ飬Ҳ뷨ȴ֪ˣǾ̼¡
Ϣس󣺡˵޸ٷ˵ԺѾ
û˵ɿͤڣֻüϵĺһɢ
ΣתԺȥ
Ǹ˵һ䣺ү޸ٷˡ
۾ؿ֮⣬סһΣ
ֻҪ룬պ֮иΡ
ǱϺүרŸģ˵˽ɵˣɶõ̬ȣܲɶмֲͬ
ɵΪǳ񣬴Ҳֻ
ɺȻ˹ǣ̲
ĵջߣԺȥһ䣺֪
ׯƽִ߽ʣµ飬Ȼص޸ʱͼүδ˯Щɻ
ƿţ߽ȥ
ͼүǰڷʲôׯӴ󵨵ؿһۣĵ׾ȣϵ֤
ү˵ջؾôͻȻЩˣ
ʱɺ̧ͷһ䣺
֮ǰ˵Ϻλǣ
лҪ˵ݿ⣬ͷͺ
쿪ʼҪʵѵ
ˣʥ֣ԣҾͿˣң

 18 

޸һҹͨ΢ůӡֽϣ͸Ŵɴϣĵ֬Ŵ⣬ƶˣ˿ɫ
˼һϢ˵үүһҹδ顣
˵ƽ߽ңүүȥ٣ŭˣδ飬Ѱȥ
ϵɫƬ̲üĿס۵׵ĺɡ
գƽִ߽˰գҲƽ߽ʲôͬõϻͻȻӣ
벻ͨйϵĵ΢΢ҴϢˣȻǰ׷˹
ϣһҹδʱŷž˼վþˣЩӲ
ȻϷҪȫס
˰ޣһҹδߣʱЩͷ跢ΣѾ߶ţϸʵһ࣬žЩ
˼һֱƽɫĵ׵ǣҲЩ
վ˼æȥѵ߰ɣȥ밲
æδ˼ٷˣٷֺαعȥ
ÿһۣԺڳһ£ܸͬ˵һ
Ȼǲ֪Ҫ£οһֱԺڵСѾߣôΣ
˼ƲƲ죬ͷСԹٷ˾Ƣ̫ˡ
ɾ˼Ҳ֪һ¸ˣٷ˴ʱȥ˵ȵٷ䲻úá
ȵԺʱþͷԺƱЩɫ£ü˽ȥ
ϴʱϢãʶü
ôˣû£ͳʩȥɡ
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һ̧Ƽϴžϲɫ˵ţ
ԣϱҪףΰΪã
ֻûпϵɫܲµ뷨һٻá
ȻЩϲ棿
˵Ҳ԰׵ɫԼµյ飬ѹѹϵЦ⣬Щƣ
£ҪˣЩʩҲˣҴ˽Ѿ߽ӳãҲʡ㿴ġ
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ϲĻǼ⣬һ˵ǵȷϵĻġ
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û˼ãææȥӳӡԷ
óϵԺӣ˼Ϊƽ̫ˣôίȻһûûС
ʲôˡ
ڻ԰䣬һƺҩԳĵԽޣ̧סߣͶһƬӰž˼ĻҲûиֻͣǳǳһЦȥ
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ñǣܹУȻ
֮Ϸô³
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ٷˣ
ɻתԺ֣źۼü⣬ͣ·ϻһЦ⣬չüңɫ仹ףȴŬ¶һĨЦɫˣɤʣ
ֿЩ·Ը
СӰ涣΢紵һ˿⣬ϹЦٷ˵ĻǷٷЩˣūٷ˵һ⼸ٷ˾ͺúڸϢ
üۣϵЦΣڵؿڣ
Ȼһ⣬лס
ٷ˵ЦˣƽٷЩĵٷ˵ġЦŽӻ
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˸ûȤҲû˷ȥ
˷˵ķԸҪȥӡԷӳڸطס
ڷ߾ˣҲ֪үã˶ãòϣȻ鼱Щ
վ¶ŴֳӡԷȥ˼ɫЩѿ˵ٷˣҪҪԺӣ
Ŵ꣬Ƴ¶ڣһһأٵȵȡ
ڻ԰ֽӳ·˵ڵسӡԷȥ
˼ǳüۣһʱЩ²͸ĵ׾ġ
ƽ߽
״ľͤ¥ϣվϷɫƳۣü伴ʹŷâҲ̵ۣһüͷšš
ǴվһӣҲƽ߽
۾ɫɬѱ档
ֱʱңɲջߣĵׯӣ
޸λٷδʩࣿ
ׯڻ㱨飬ͻȻɵĻһ˲ͷԣȴʶسﴦۡ
²֪ѾʱˣӦǲˡ
ˣ
Ϊβ
˵ģԺѾ
ԣˣ
ɫԽԽתŰָһ䣺ϸӿɻظˣ
Ӧǿ쵽˰ɡ
޵ص˵ͷ˿ĵ׵뷨ָôϣЩƣڣ۾
ͷʢѽʱɿȻŶ࣬ĵ׺ơ
վ˰ա
ׯӶ˶͵һɣСʵүѵʱˣȥ޸ǳ
ٿƳЦȥ޸Σ
Ʋŭ㣬˵⻰俴һׯӣת뿪
ׯӲ֪ǵæ󣬸ԸȥͼүѾ޸ķȥ
˰Σү˵ȥ޸
ɳ޸ʱôӾ˼Ҳ˵үүͻظˡ
÷еҽ飬ﷺ𼸷ֲɲüͻظ
˼ͷɫЩӣԣ˵ϻմѪأ
΢ЩմѪ
̣
ݳյ龰ҲǣȻ䵽˼УôܲѲƤ
ֻϧˡ
ȫȫŵػˡ
ĵһ˿ϧȴδ˿¶ֻһ䣺
ү֪飿
˼ҡҡͷū澾Ͳ֪ˡ
÷ҽ飬˼Ļشɫסɫ˴ǣ
үͷ񣬶ǻ֪ţһҲ֪
أԺЩһ˿ͣ˲ǰ飬̾ž˼վһԲسȥ
˼Щ⣺ٷˣȥĶ
Ṵ´ǣü۹һ˿ɫˣϲңҲȥһ
˼Ʋ죬ĵײˣȴ֪˵ֻܷȥ
յ䣬֪ͨõǰԺȥ
СѾ߼е˼ϣĵһʱ֮ɻѵ񮂵˺صˣ
лҪ˵ڽˣģǻľзż٣֮ȫʵѵֱ10ţͷͺ
ԣҾͿˣٺٺ
½۲ҪͣרԤոһ~
Ϊ˸ҿƣ۵ķѽ~


 19 

üɲü⣬СѾ߳ǰԺȥ
ȥǰԺֻһΣܷ񮂵彫ȥʱʲôѲǵãܹ鲻ʲôõ顣
СѾ߼еش·С϶ģ⻹ƳһСקŸҽɿسǰԺȥ
·۴ĵײ飬Щʧٿؾ˼ͣ£δüӦֹסЩġ
һۣ˲ܿƵسˤȥʶرӡ
ȴһ̣䱻סʹþδϮ
ŵӣͼɫؿ˵ϲŭֻʵĴƺЩȣЩţ̲סЩ죬ææƿ˺һ񣬽󴦴ʹɫ΢ס
ҧţֱӣ񣺡
ۿȻɫգЩȻϣȹȹڸռף´¶һĨףüͷźۼ
һֱͷȥƼɫĵֹסذգÿʱԼƺڳ
ҧ´꣬΢Щ˵һ䣺鷳ˡ
ɸ£ɫؿǰŮӣŴٯ۽޲סƹһġ
ɺüңЦЦؿƺ±
ϲŭڳȴöͷֱð亹ϾԼүүղΪ˵Ļ̡
һĻϲ˭֪
һʱ֮䣬ڳҲ˸ոռٷһ£Сͬؿһá
Ҳһ̧ͷǡײ۵ףڱЦ⣬ԼĻްһĨЦ䣺
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ΣüЦŨЩҧ֣תŰָŮɫ޵Ц鲻
Թž֮Ӧ
䲻Юͼ֮ƺϣźۼع´ǣƺҲǲɡ
ò˲۽ޣ˵β֮ͣǿҲ˵ǶΡ
޵ؽ˽ָ֪Ǻ˼ŵ̧ͷһۣæüۣϸأ
ǼûԸǳˡ
ɲ̲ףѾ߷ţЩȻسǰţüͷ΢š߰󴦡
ȴʲôҲû
蹵óȻڣǸͽ鷳ˡ
ɽü΢ЩոкõֹѵׯӳԺȥ·޸ȴȻЩۡ
ߵԶˣžñȵߵȥɫţָ
ֱ󴦴ʹҧ⣬ԼҪ˼롣
ʲôˣĻ׹壬ҹӣȨƸһҲɸʵϵġ
ο˲棿
δǰҲФġ
Ĵüῴ
ᳶ˴ǣһ񮂶̬ȣһ˿Գĵ΢еĲƽոձԺֻԼĴ
һ·ǰԺõƽüۼ両ֵּǺ⡣
ʲôû˵ԺӣŷǰԺҳһš
˶ˮּҵشţ滹ϵĿգգ۾ԼյЩɫӰþ˼ţ
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֪ãͲ񮂶Щ࣬Ȼ˲أȴǿܿҪ񮂵
Ͽ֮ǰ򴲱ȥȴǽ²ȣˤ񮂵Ĵߣɫװ׵ؿϵˣӷ˺죬Ŵŵµ
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ϸΪŭδüȴģɢ񮂲ųչˣҴҽ䣬͸ȥչư
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ң̰£ᱻ
񮂿޵۵ģĵһ˿ҲɢȥԭȵȷЩգȥӡԷֺôá
Ҳ֪֮²ãίšüͷⰲο䣬Ͳ˵
ݵͷ߶꣬ͷһôˡ
ʮޣʹЩѾ飬Ȼ۵˵
Ž󴦵ʹź񮂵ʱ򣬺Ȼ洫һŲ΢ɣתͷſڿȥ
ͼܷ糾͵سڷſڣ촽׳ݣֱֱ񮂣ϵʱۿͨ죬ȥСײõļ
۵һ˼˼סֹסƣֻǽ󴦵ʹԽԽء
һҲܷǣǼѵֹס˽Ųÿȥļ٣ȴѹ˵һ䣺
ɩȻȥɣҾͺá
Щ޴վԭأҲ۾һܷͨۿüͷ˵ҲˣȻȥɣзС
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ñ˼߳߳ԺӣЩͷȥͼ˶˳
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˼طѹٷŽչүƻ˵ʲôȴǹ˼ܶˣ˶
ǰԺõӡԷЩ룬ߵ԰ʱЩ͵طס˼ͣһ
ʱĴɫЩף̲סͷһ۽󴦣Щ֮ǰĴ⡣
˼԰ͤ£һۣ͵Ǽе˵
ѽٷˣȫˣô˵ѽ
˵˼ּ˵ٷˣūһ£ūȥūһȥ
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ͤ΢̧ЩϸüŴɫ΢ףԼ󴦡
ĵ΢ʱ򣬺ȻͷסһƬӰȻ̧ͷͼ֪ʱ̤ͤվǰɫ΢šü͸Щâؿ
ЩҵҪվȴֹ̧סư򴦣á
Ĵ֪ʱûˣһƬž
Ȼؿľ룬ףһӡ
лҪ˵Ҫˣֱϣȿȿ
ƪĲμĴСʹӪҺͶιһ°ɣµˣٲʹþҪ˵~
Ҹǰ򵱻ģȥ򣬰Сߣٺ~


 20 

ˣͲˡ
´վ˳żϵڵϣٴ˿סɫ
л
ƺ˾ȣЩģĿ
ãĵĹ͸Ҷķ϶ڶϣɵ߲ɫԹŮӷգһɲعǣƳ״ĺףüͷ
źأ
ȴӼ򴦽룬õ΢£ϸ΢Ķ͸ᱡѴ£ɫźۼջ֣ƺողĶѡ
ϸ׵ָЩ²͸ǰЩʲôƽ˵ţؼĻȥˡ
޵صͷȴһʯϣδٿ˵ֻǾš
ָһսĵײ²ΪΪΣ
価ԼҪ룬ɼľٶȴɵ롣
ǡҧ´˵Ķ⣬̣ԻؾɶԴ˵⣬ȴЩ֪롣
̧ͷǡײЩ𰸺֮ȴǲ롣
ٿȻվ״ʹɫףµüʢһɪ⣬ȴǲܲ˵
ԺлҪݳˡ
ʹɫŰָսʲô˼Ҳޣüֻۣ˵һ䣺
ڵѾӣ
΢͹Ƴͥµͤܶȥˣټǰ˵Ļ΢Щɬ
ɤЩɬйŮڼа
˵ûΪ룬ᳶ˳ǣԹһĨЦת˲˼
΢ҡΣɲźۼü⣬վȥ֮ԽԽ
üǱȵسһʯֹסȥأү
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˼Ѿ߳ȴ£ؿţŷ֣⻨԰ûһˡ
ôɫף֪Ǽ涯˼ûзء
΢͸һ˼޸˶⣬Ǻ޲ýϡ
ͷ˿۵һ˿ΣܲĽ˱Ƶ̫ݡ
Ů˵ء
¶ҪС΢Ҳ޿κΡ
վǽԭҪ˵Ļ£һʯϣüҴâֻ˵
ˣٷ˱롣
öȻһɫ΢룬ɼȴǷּ֣лؾһա
ģɱ³ĵ룬üңŲһ䣺
ʱףʱٿǻؾ
΢ָ̧ʯϣ޳ָõĴƿɫƽ
һһΣգ׾Ϳȥ
˵꣬Ǻ뷨ת뿪·˼˵ʱƳˣŵò塣
ȴߺ󣬵ʯϣָץʯıԵ£ĿⴥʯϵĴƿ΢΢סµĻ
˼ǵĻɫ΢䣬ǴƿץģӴ£סߡ
ٷˣû°ɣ
˼æסвȻؽеĶսЩǿ¶һЦݣοû¡
˼ظҺãոռôūˣ
ɫЩףȻǱŵò壬չͱס󿴼ɫֻΪԼٷǵ˼ˣһĵǣûж롣
Ѿ߷Ժȥʶس뿪ķȥһֲۣɫջߣϸأˣ£ŭˡ
ȴ˿û˵ոͤз˺£ԼЩãͬ˵
Ѿ߷ţžûôʹӡԷ֮ˣֻ¾˼һˡ
˼ȥҸҽͱסȥˡ
ôУٷˣ״˱øҽһ
յͷˣҽæֺαȥһˣ
ÿϣž˼ǳǳ׵ɫƽۣ˼ҧйһò˵û
ЩΪѵأٷˣǸô죿
ɫսеĴƿΣŴӿڣ㽫׵Ǹľϳ
˼⣬ȴ
ľϵǰ˼Ҫ򿪣ͱ£Լɡ
˼Ӧһ΢ɣתΪ˱ˮ۽ޣװľｫСƿóףЩ顣
Ѵƿݸ˼߬ӣ״ƽͿͺá
˼ӹƿһ䣺ٷ˴ݸ𣿡
úӦһûж˵Һþ˼ҲûжʣЬ࣬ôƿҩͿϡ
һӽ״һֱüⲻźۼ滺ʶͤʱȵƴ򴦣ѹ˿á
̧֣Լϣ뿿ϣ߳ȥһƬⰻȻ󴦵ᣬȴЩ֪Щʲô˼š
ȴһؼȥׯӼ棬ʱ͵һۣ޸һĻΪƽ߽Ҫҡ
ץ뵽ЩӺүż޸λٷʱķӦЩԼôûշ֣
ʱԼҺүĴζ˺ģ
źүЩɫӣæסԼҪϷ˼
ܿ͵˳⣬ҾӪĵطûиߣھӪɶӪʶȥ
ׯӿǣ³ǵļ򣬽˴һԣյͨͨ˵ƽɫòԣۿǣɣ
ǲ֪ү˼ˣ
Ǵ֣Ҫ߽ӪʣׯӵԹͨת俴ׯӡ
ׯһܿߣһӪʣսȥԼҺүЦЦ飬סӣڨЦţ
ү˭㲻ˣ
û˵ָֻô棬Σһ䣺޸ǹΣ
üţЦ⣬š
ׯȴ̻صѶϣ޵á
ׯһ߻شһɫﰵţٲãҲ˼˳ķ
üԽԽŽ˵һɫôϵָͣ£Цһ
СǣûûΣ۹ƺҲôá
лҪ˵СʹӪҺøǣ
޺Ůģ޼
ǺܣŮоůһڣȿ
ˣжʲôʱ£ÿʱ֪ÿϾŵ~
ٻƳٶ˵ģ߿İϵļûмͿ϶


 21 

ףԺͩţͬȻ˰֮á
ϸˣҲûǸ˼ڶˣý󴦵ˣڶҲ˸ҽΪȻ⣬Ҫȥƽ߽ʩࡣ
δ׼Լֻܶһվһա
ҲҺãæϸӵˣһʱڲڸˣգ۰¾ת˲š
󴦵ˣҲԣգ׾Ѿȥʹ˼ղͿһҩ࣬¹ȥ󴦵˲˳ס
գҽ飬˼ͬ˵ٷˣҪȥǰԺү𣿡
öһ٣̧˼ôˣЩ⣬˼δʹ
մǰԺÿվȥһǰԺҲ֪ǿж㣬ǲԸܷãͬ˵ȥˡ
˼ҧҧͷС˵ū˵ȥǰԺ
ԽԽСȴ˲Ȼҳɫϸϸһ䣺ձүڸУ
ڣձүպûظˡ˼˳̫Щײϱүڵʱ򣬲źء
˼뵽ʲôæ˵үδһͨƢ
ЩȵüϾУһֱţ˺׽Ȼ˵
ɣܷ֪һ£ʱڣҲֹһìܡ
ܷ벻˭񮂸ı˵̬ȡ
˿ڲˮش˾˼ǰ⣺үѾãȥǰԺ
ָŲ豭ΣȻһ䣺ʲô
ƺֻǺ棬üĿδ̧𣬾˼æش𣺡ٲʱڸпūҲ֪
ӦһɫؽԹ˵ȥһˡ
΢šüҽ𣬷ž˼վĵײ²ϻȥΪΣ
ĵײ£һ·ԵߵԺ
ڵľϣӺݸƳһ߽ãвմ˴Ĳ豭£Ц⵭أˣ
÷˷ӣϱס
̧̧֣չưҲЩƣɫ˵ˣɡ
½ǵϣ˲ˮûжֻ̧ϣ˳ʣ֪׻ϱкηԸ
˫ֽŷϥϣģĵװԴţҲźۼ޴
Ѿãÿ궼ȥ㣬ոæµ¾Ҫˡ
Ͽƽ·Ը벻ɾֻܾӦ
Ƭ̣ϽȥصԺþԺʰϵ˼վͳΪе
һ磬þ˴ȥ밲ǧǮ󣬲Ŵ븮
븮ãׯӾյϢת鷿ȥ
ƿɸڴǰɫݣ֪ЩʲôׯӺطŲѹ
үٷ˸ճȥˡ
ٿȻⲽصǰ¯ѬһʣȥΣ
˵ǣΪ˵
һ˿Ц
ׯӲźۼ˺һӣ»˵ܼλȽԺź޸˱㴫ٷˡ
ɫסԭµĶҲͣ£Σ³һ֣

Ҳ֪˵˭һ˿Ρ
תƹׯӿһ˿Ц⣺үҪȥĶ
бһۣʲôû˵˳ȥׯҡҡͷ
һʱ䣬һ˴޸뿪
ݳǱ·ƽֵ߽ʱƿӣ⿴ȥɨԼܣӰӣУȻ˲δӣӡ
ͣ⣬֣²̫͡
Ҳþֵһ㣬ڳУϺǰ㣬óһʲСǮ
꣬ǧǮõ̫ȣϾ޸ƴ֡
ǽ꺵ӣǧǮ֪ĵ׶²⣬Ͼаտѣ޸Ϊ֪˾޸Ϊ֮¾ġ
ռֵʥּϸѿɫĵ²⣬ǲӭĵġ
ΪΣò롣
סֹ˼ǳЦͬס߽С
ڴй˰Σŷ˺þã˼ȫȻϣԵΪûзϡ
޸ԹҲãҲãܹûһ˿øС
ôܷȥΪ޸
ǮУ˴뿪ȴ룬߳㿴̨̤׵ļ
һЦЦ飬̾һⲽǰȥ
밲󣬾ͼվ岽Զ֮ͩǹЦ⣬üĿ续˿Ҳ
ÿһ˶٣˼ôڴˣ
ɻӣõɫԭΪռɻ㣬ȴ룬ֱӳ
˵˵飬õÿգһ
⻰˵ţ˿ţɺϵ顣
һ˿Σȴǲδ˵ЩʲôҪ£ƺµҪ˵ʲôڵⲻ죬ٷ˿ɷ챾Ĵߣ
ϹЦ⣬ƫƫﰵɫѹ޷ܾ
Ӵ˳˳ɨһ˵飬ǵͷ˵ӵִ˼Ӧ£
үӡ
ЦЦؿһֶۣȥ·ʱ˵һ䣺ˣá
лҪ˵ȵȣ죬ҾͿԴˣСʹ


 22 

ûȥе˼һƬֻ¾˼һˣƳʿΧһˣܲ͸硣
ŻЩӵ˲䰲
øԶľ룬˭ǰƳ۵ףüҵЦǶ˼⡣
ʱ۵Ⱦһֱܽѹ֣İ
СشؾٷˣЩӿˣ
úһͣƳ˼ɫǿһĨЦͷ˵ͼõȣɲ²
ЩֱβΪ½ŶţƴתǰɫԽԽ
Цһ£ֺûУٷ롣
˽ǰǰȴδֱԴȥҧҧ⣬˵Ǿ飬ЩЦ
ۼһֱǰߣ˿ͣҲһ仰˵ﻹ֪ոԼĻشá
򴽣ĲֻǰսԼ˷ȹװʱԳ׸Ƭ̣ϱ乺⡣
ɶߺŮϸ΢ᴭ͵ģĲèһĿϣ飬ؾǽһȥͼ㺹乵ģһ٣ͣ½Ų
²Ȼһ˿˿⣬Ƴ£˾䣺
ˣЪϢᡣ
Ա߾йЪŵʯʣɵĻһ㱻˼£̧ȥߵСԵͩ£ֶԶȥ
˿֪ɴʱüͷתϵİָ취Ҳޡ
ˣȴҲǿѣǾʹ˷ŹֻҪһ룬־òġ
ο뿪ʱ޸ǲڵģҪΣ
ͷŮӵıӰŮǡ̧ϸֱ˲ĺ⣬ָδȾޢȾһ˿⣬ɾ͸һһƶ˵ζ۵ɫԽ谵
ָõ壬úЩɬ
Ȼ֪Щʲô֮ǰܹ˵Ľ󴦣һϵᷦɢȥ̧ͷ˿ɫѽʱˣʱӦѾˡ
˳Ъˣ
ЩܾȻͷͼ֪ʱѾվ֮伫Լż̴ľ㣬ɫЩ죬æվͷ
áˡ
ɽҵɫ۵ף˶٣ʱˣذɡתʱ·ȥ
˿ʵġ
ظ·ϺƽƽòЩǼ͸棬ƿӣȥ߸ϣ΢šüֱͦӵܹӵ֡
ãջߣӣͿǰһڵغСϣɫ΢䣬ʱδЩôʱͻȻ֣
ԴӼǣۼƽ߽֣ǲ⣬ƽִ߽ʱӦʩ࣬Щô
ԺƮɻ󣬺ȻͻȻȥĳһ罩Ӳǣʾ˼
շ˻ȥԺǰ˭ȥԺ
˼δĳõɫ֪ٷǷʲôšüϸ˼ҡҡͷ
ūҲ֪Դү˺ÿٷ밲֮ҲȥԺ밲үżҲȥ
ýָ֣Ҫ̽ĵһһʣձүȥ𣿡
ûȥΪûǸ͡
ū澲֪˼ҡͷֿõɫãæüٷˣôˣū澻ظȥϸһ
˼ǰѾҧ⣬Ƭ̣ǰȥǰ͹Ϊƽ
ٿȻ۾أЦþ˼ĵ׷ţٷˣôˣ
۾ס˼ƽ˵û¡
ƿӣȥڿ󷽵ʱԼ֪Ϊγڴˡ
ӣȥ֪Ǿ֮ͣɶ˵ȴĶ顣
һ˼һߣ֪񣬶˸ĴȻлر
޸ǰͣ£ȥȴǲټһˣջߣǰԺظܸҪȥͬ밲
ԺУܷУҲ֪ʲôЩӲ
߽ʱǡÿܷ۵ľȺͲ⣬߬ԼƽЩͷ˵仰󣬱¡
߳󣬱ﴫ˵Լ檵ۡ
۴ö²⵽Ϊ¡
ýŴ꣬ԺӿһۣӡԷ·ϣȴԴӳӡԷþͲ
վСԣ߬߶ƺڵˡ
ýŲ˶٣ͼɫһ߹վԭƽؿ
ŷɫȹһɴϴģΣ߹񣺡ū澼ٷˡ
Ҳ˵ڻ֣ǵ񮂵檣ҲҪԳһū澡
ü⣬Щ뿴ȴӣףɡ
ʱʱ΢źۼ
֪רŵȴûʲô˼ʱ䣬˵仰׼뿪ȴǰһ
ٷūлҪ˵
лҪ˵죡첻ģȿȿ


 23 

ƽɫЩĻţҲ˲̫࣬ۿҪ̧ү檣үزһţòٷѰ
Ͼٷү˳ӣͷҪȻˡ
ΪӣΪ檱Ӧү㲻Ը⣬Ҳ޷
οҲ㲻үΪҪִ£
šüԺһ԰Լµ˵ʲôָ⶯˶뵽ճ
ɫ󵭵˵£
Ȼ˵ϣõȣšü˺һĶ˸ա
Ҳû⣬Ȼ֪ٷ˶ǲϲģ˲۽ǣ͵
ٷˣūźķϣū澰ɣ
԰˵޾ͿޣʮֻóȥҲòһ㡣
Ц£βЦ԰лʧɫ˵үĴʱֺ֮ꣿ
ɫһֻµؿţٷˣū֪ˣūҲǲİ
˺һԶЩŵˣ˵˵Ǻ£
ᣬɫū˵Ҫū̧Ϊү檣ǱүԸ˵ǡ˵үٷ˸ƣαҪ̧檣
ڴ˻һֶŵģźһ꣬ҲүҹΨһ£ռȥ
˵үٷ˸ƣƭ꺢ͯûš
һ˿Ȼˣת˲ţü΢¶һ˿ͷ
ˣæ˵ٷū˵˵飬ٷˣƣٷ˰ūһΣ
ûδ˵˼ȥˣҲٷ˰æ
֪Լ²صүͲϲٷˣٷһδޣ͸ү檡
û˼ĻֻһãԼ˰Σû˵
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δ˵ѣȷУδ򿴹µδ񲻾еļ
Ϊβֱȥͷ˵
ΪүԺһֱ֪˳谮үǰȥοҲȷţȥ˵һǣ˷˵ᷳ
仰ĵһɡ
˵ǴеϢŶԣôа
˿ȥֻغ󣬶˰ΣŻعǿ¶һЦ˴ĵ׾ÿɬ˵
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˼ۣоٷЩЩǵؿٷˣͼ״ƽ
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Ļδ˵꣬ͱôϣԻͬ˵ȥϸչ˺øкǡ
źһ꣬ǿ˽ӣ֪׼Ӧһм
ĸмɫԽԽκ󣬲תԺȥ
ЩۣûصԺʱܷδ뿪˼ͣ˻⣬ܷˣ΢ЩϢȡ
ϸֱ࣬ԴӶ
ܷ޸ӼܸҪϵֳӣϼһ谮Ǳܷ㣬ǰȻҪڡ
õǵؿ˿ˣȰһ䣺ܣƽ谮㣬׵ģ
ܷƲͷûãֻվ￴ϡ
ϱļֱۣ£ɫףƽƽ˸ܷãôˣ
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ܷһ֣ɫֱšüЩƵؿãɩѲҲΪ檣
仯һ£࿴һã룬ҲʧΪһ÷ӣúֱַ
ÿûֱܷϵ뷨ֻ¶һֿɬЦ⣬ʮǿ
ܣǿԣֺγΪ檣ǡǡ
ܷɫֲõԤУʲô
ۿ˺죬۾˵˷ĺӣҼ޸һδӣң÷Ѫ⣬ḷ́
Ļһףֱը˶ߡ
ܷɫɷףֹסһϿľæӿվűα۵׳죬ҧгݵã
⻰˭ͬ˵ģ
ڶ˵˵ĻӦм١ǿ˵˶٣ϾϲΪѵɫȰã㲻ϲطҲǶЩϲġ
ϱΪ븮ҽȷٺ㡣
ܷվͷʲôû˵Ͽһۣ۽Ƿģĵ׶Ļ˼ֵģϾǲްգǽѾҲҴ֮ͥ˵
תͷܷ죬ưԺ˵Ļ˺ģ˵
˵İ죬滳У㽫̧Ϊ檡
ôӣ⻰߲źۼɨܷȻɫʱһֱ̣ˤ뿪ϵĲ豭£ˤڵϣһ
һ㶣˼˿ЩؿܷıӰ
һɫæ˵¶֮檣Ȼ˵飬ǣ
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ӡԷΪˣû˼ȥһֱסԷƫӡԷķҲ㲻öãһסһ䷿洲齡ױ̨ȶǲȱġ
õʱ򣬸ҽѾˣʱһŵضŸҽ
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ҽʱû˻֣öΣ
Ƴŵɫɫظ˸ϵ壬ҽȥͼҽҾ
ٷ˵Ļȷϲļ󣬲ʱ϶̣Ǻԡ
ϲɫüɲü۽ǲһĨУ
ҽ϶ص˵ͷСΣ֣Ҫȥɫһ䣬㿪ȥһַСǷǽؿá
õĶƽؿž˼վ˵
ȻĻүѪȻҪ̧һ̧
һڴؿ˶٣ɨգԭҪ˵Ļǲص
ҵϢɡ
üҴϲҪ˵Щʲôȴû˼ȥת뿪
̤֮ʣòźۼزͷƳһۣĵָ̧˸ϵ
лҪ˵첻֪˵ɶأûһ£ȣ


 24 

Ժӣ˼ɵͷÿһۣôˣƲֵġ
˼ҧҲ̫ˣ
ָⰴҽķϣɫ΢ˣүĺӣҲܣҲ̧λõġ
ˣǣͱүҧźã
ýµĲˮУĻһǣ˶ȻǺãܷʲôݣ
ûһ̣κܷ
γ˵㣬ȿˮȥ˴ŰɣҲˡ
˼鲻Ըر죬ȥ˴š
˼ȥ߲ľµľϣһ˿ɫת˲š
ʱʱѾˣùûжãǱȥ
ôž˼ҴҳԺȥսȥͷܷ񮂶档
ǡô¶һ˿ȣ˷ӣף
ߵߣЩǵʵӿɺˣ
񮂵ɫЩӣõĻʶãܿߣŵ
ѾûˣЩ÷˵ˡ
һæʣôҽ˵
ҽ˵ĻȻѾõϢʱһ飬˵
ɫһһĨЦü˳۵أ׵Ļҽ˵ȷǻС
ϲźۼؿһܷȻ˵ҲˣȻУȻҪġ
šüƳһܷ˵ף²պɡ
ɫ΢䣬Щżӵĺӡ
ˣ
ܷɫѾѿһֽץα񮂼ˣüϵĻ
ף㿴زеĺӣˣֺα˷ģ
ϱϣ˰ΣԼ˼ġ
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ȻһΣͻеڶΣŽһᣬ֮񮂶ȥһһȥȻˣҲ
ž˰Σһԣӣ䵱ˣɫشļˡ
񮂿ˣмΪѣ󣬻ȿڣ
֮ȫԼڷ£Σ
񮂺תãѯָӽ˰Σ㶿Ⱦ˼ɬ⣬ǿһĨЦ

Ų豭Ķ΢٣͸۽Ǵʪ⣬޵÷׵ɫ۵һ˿ݡ
Ǳٸ亢ӣϲ˵Ҳίġ
Щ͵üͷɵöеϲȥ˵ˣ˼ֺΪѣ
üƽסָؿ˵
Ҳ¶ãһ궼δУ׶еĺڴ
ϣίȫɫ۵ףЩ۵䣬ȥԺУιϣ
ɴͷ˵ŻջûлظϢҲ˵ġ
£պЩ仯ܷɫһ䣬ƫͷȥ񮂡
۵׵ɫɬѱ棬ưͬ˵Ļ˶٣ȥܷ˵
ˣ¾׵˼
һϲֱӣӦá
ǣɨܷɫ´ǣɫһ
ܿ죬񮂾ͺܷһͬ뿪ϵ
ݣҲûסˣźˣСδչ˺Լ͸еĺ
۵⣬Ц֣ͻݣ¾˵ȥ
ṴЦ£ƴǣˣⶼǶϱġ
һãòųԺ˻δߵ԰ɽ
ʲô
檻ƣúϥӣαعң
񮂶˵ܷ󼸺Ǵ˿ǻŭ⣬ɫ΢䣬ٳǰȥž˼ԽӰס
ڼɽ棬ǿӲܷ۵ֹסؽҲͬ͹ǴβǸ⣡
ܷӿ֣ۣͨЦһ⣿ǱͬҽһΪӡԷǺ˾ƣûһ˼
úЦֻǸ⣬ֻ˾ƣΪλˣΪλӡԷ
ʲô⣿ͲóӡԷ
磬˵ǵĹϵù⣬ҪȢڣֺΪѹ㣿
񣬲ҪȢޣҪ檣պأ檣ﻷƣң
񮂱˵ƿԣǰܷӵڻܷһǼɽ޿ˣң檲Ȩ֮ƣҶް˼
ܷЩǷϵؿڼɽϣĵ׿ɬϺ䣺
Ȩ֮ơ磬Ҫƭҵʱ
ƿ񮂣ưڼɽϣı߽ǸģѪ˳ָ£·޸оȴֻ񮂣΢Ц˵
ȻȨ֮ƣ㣬ӻ᲻
񮂿ָѪȾڼɽϣ۵һ˿ۣɫ˼ǲƭ
Ѿ꣬˵£Ͳ£
ܷЦԽԽת뿪סҪȥĶ
ܸƽؿ񮂣磬Ҫֻ֪޸Ҫá
ɫͻ䣬ڼɽϣ˵һ飿
ɽƽ̵ܷۣüͷ壬ɫףæѯʣˣۣ
ܷӵڻѵֵǣۿͨ죬һһ䣺
磬ҲȢ檡
еĶԭȥܷ֣ȴȾϵѪһۣ˵
úúãֳ㣬˲ˡ
ܷ˱۾֪֮ڣǸӱĽᣬһΣһΣѹ
Ĭˣµ룬ΣĶͷ˵
ģǸһᴦõģʧֳһΣ
ݴԺľŶ˵ĶԻԽظܵ񮂵ĺġ
Ͼҩʮޣ̥Ǽһ£ֻһ֪
Уеĺ񮂵⣬Ҳܺݵ
ֻһɺӹ͸ŤͷͿ˼һҰ׵ɫ˶Ҫž˼С뿪
ʱһԺȻ˵밲ɫһ䣬ɽ˲ʧ
ת뿪һõĽŲֱӶԭ亹
ɩҪȥĶ
лҪ˵Ԫѽ۵úѽ~
һ£~
Ϊһ¾Ҫvˣǰ֪ͨһ£
Ͼŵûиµ
㵽֮仹ûи£ʹ»賿0
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Ӧͦİɣ
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Уص㣡
Ϊ˸лߣv¸
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2.v½ڣǰʮ2ۿɻú
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w.bԼȥ
ظǣǻҵģ


 25 

԰Ӱ, ӳһƬƬӰ˳ڻļ϶ιһ磬µ, , ȴ纮, 
񮂶ˣֱ, ٿȻ߬, þ˼۵ð, ȴ˿ҷ
Ƴ˼ɫ, ݺݱ۾, ָݽģʹ, ˲ѣתӣʹͷ, ɤӸɬطۣ

񮂺ܷվţ͸Щңܷǰһǰ, ۵׻һ˿ݣسһĨЦ˷ɩոʲô
ð봹ͷ, Ʒٴ£סӣƼѵعǣûУþû˵
ܷ۾һУٷʣȻǰӾ΢΢һһ˳Ůϸ£˿δֻǽҧŴ꣬άơ
˴һȻȴǷֺûзйֻĬĬһ£׵ɫֱۡ
񮂲źۼüͷȻǰסܷļûпܷߣõ
Ȼȥ
磡ܷüͻȻЩЩʲô֮ǰ˵֪˹ϵڱײʱŵĻ
񮂰΢ȴʲôû˵ܷɬɨһۡ
Ǹײ˵Сˣź񮂶ˣȴ˿û򵥵رڻ·ϡ
һսȭͷԺƽ߽ʱ񮂶Цģ½󴦵֬Ȼʼɣ˵Ļײżּ⡣
ò֪ܷ뵽ʲôʱ΢Σ˷վŻת񮂼
ˣˣӲʣԺ
Ҫˣ
΢һһػش𣺡֪ˡ
ȵųǰȥСͷתʧȫѹھ˼ϣž˼ҵ
ٷˣô죿үǻ᲻ᡭ
˵ñ۾Ŵ꣬һ仰ĵ΢
֪Ȼȫˣǲ񮂻Ź
ǵ֮ģѾľ
úؽü⣬΢䣬ʱ̫ˣٸһЩʱ䡭
뿪ܷ񮂰ϵֻӿ
Ϊʲô뿪
񮂲δĲԾֻšü͵ִˣҶ˲޺ô
ܷ˳ǣŸո˵ֻ̬ĵ׵ŭҪѹֲסһƽ͵˵ã֪ˣ֮أ
ɫźۼ΢ǰܷļ򣺡ģһᴦõġ
ܷûбֻܿĻ۵׽
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Ȼ̧ͷһ񮂣СĵؿЦ£˵ã磬㡣
񮂲δԣ⻰˿ת˲뵽ãֺݺüͷ
δƭܷʹոնЩ֮ģĵףʮҲȲһܷ˿ܷĵȻ˾ȻòƽֻҪ뵽Ǵй¶ȥĺͽ
ͻŲ˼ȥ֮󣬻ûеȵ񮂵һ˾ͱһϢըˡ
Ⱦ߲
ڲһյʱʹݳǡ
ʶ뵽Ǽˣָİ죬ɫ΢׵ؿ˼Ϣȷˣ
˼ҵصͷģѾ˽Ⱦ߲˸뿪ˡ
𾪵վ豭һƬֻǴʱû˹Ĵ£Ƭ̻ҾȺ󣬺뵽ʲô۾
ȻȾ߲ÿʩȴϣʱ޸ҪйͱΪ
һɿḧ˸ϵ壬޸ÿӶҪ
ó⿴ȥԴ֮󣬾Ͷ˼С˰أǴⲻ뿪Ժӡ
֮Ļʲôţ벻ȴЩ
񽥽ᶨҪȥֻҪԺӣпܰ
ܰϣ񮂻˼ϣݸӲָǸƫĵĸ׻뵽
Ȼʾ˼м
ұ֤޸ȥģԾһҪ˸޸ʩѹ
ܳԺӣǾ˼ûôƣϾڸУȻٷ˺Ѿ߽㣬Ÿ߱è塣
˼֪뵽ʲôֻæ˵ͷٷ˷Ըūȥŵʱū澿˴Ҵҵسˡ
úȻͤ˵ЩɫЩԥ߳һǷ͸ˡ
ٷˣ˼þò˵Щغһ
Դ챻񮂶˷ֺ󣬾˼һֱڲĵزŵС˸ҡ
ö˶˼˼һһ֣ص
ճȥһˡ
˼۵¶һ˿𾪣ʿˮغţٷˡ
ðס֣Ҫƽ˵˼ҲˣѾû·ˡ
˼ĺݺţƫͷ͸⿴ȥǡÿԺӴվŵСˣջߣصصͷٷˣģū澼סˣ
ڼ䣬˼õ˵ͷ󣬾תȥÿıӰ۴ɱ
֪ǸǷǵİõؾܾ
ҽϣǣԾ˼˵ĻѾû·ˡ
һȥ˼룬רĵؿǰҽ飬͸ӡҳϣ´¿Կһߡ֡

˼Щŵس˷䣬߳ԺӵʱС仰뿪
Щִٲؽ˫֣۵ɫȴʮּᶨ߳С˵ߺ󣬲ɫҿ˿ͳұߵС뿪СߣСҲûˣֻСͨĵطǱڶʿŵԺ
ߵúܿ죬㳤Сܿ͵˾ͷʿˮ⿴ȥ⸽ƺ˽иڵ˹ûпˣЩʧҲûгȥ
뿪Ժ̫ãǳŵģǾòȥǻġ
ٷ˵ĻֻܵС̣ûеȵˣͱ뿪
˼Щɵ촽ʱʱԺſڿһۣŵС߶ţۿʱԽԽƽӣѹĵ׵ʧ׼뿪
ͻȻ߲Ϣ󣬾æټݵĹԱԸȥŶδüãֱɫűׯŻ޸
޸ҲΪ߲ͨдȾԣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ֵԼʹ˵Ⱦ߲Ѿ뿪Ȼûз˭֪û©֮㣿
ǼµķԸǾЩ񶼸ϵڣҲ˵
ɫ΢޸ˣǵĹԱЩûҲȥĵô롣
ͻȻ߲Ҳһֲ֮ǰѾ뵽һ㣬Ҳû뵽ڡ
쵽ԺʱƳԱСЩƹģ۾ȥزźۼüͷ
ǸСѾߵģЩ죬ȴ벻˭
ԱׯͻȻС˵үǸٷߵѾߡ
ɫһ٣ĵЩĲɢȥׯףʾȥǺ¡
ʱ˼Ҳǣ۾һׯƺҪ߹һϲҪǰȥһ̣ȻƴЩɫ΢䣬æׯҡҡͷ
ׯһ㶣ͣԼҺүһۡ
΢šüͷѾʹҡͷлҪ˵ǹ˼ʲôһֻۣü˸񣬾Ѹٵܿ
ʱС߹ˣƺû뵽ײǣŵæ밲Ͻܿ
ԵأոǸѾ߾ڶ⼸ˣΪҪ㣿
ׯ߻֪ԼҺүٷ˼ôͷһ⣬ʹ˵ׯȴҲǽõλĵ׳ģʱͷԣȴҲܲЩԾ
΢üͷɣү
΢۾ոѾߵľٶԺһ飬ָЩ
ȥ飬⸮ʲô
Щƽׯȴҵһüҵĺ⣬æ¡
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ššüܽ£ţǸ˾ҵ
뵽һɫ΢䡣
Ѿ뿪ľ˼ʱæȥĵװգȻ粻ˣˣǸʱˣƽ˷һʱ
ǣʱЩѾûˣܵ˼ˣվš
˻Щɻ˼ţó˸͹ȥ
˼ֻûпǵɫ봹ʳ֮󣬲Ц˵ˣ鷳ǣԼȥС
ȻصӡԷʱ򣬹ȻЩС˾䣺˼ôʱŻ
˼ʳЩЦţڳţŵЩʱ䡣
ŵ˿˿ʳУ˶һۣȥ
˼ûпǵĶȽԺӣϵЦɢȥšüͷȥ
ü˿źˣҲûżʻţԡ֮뿿ڴϣˣ
ˣ
˼վڴߣЩɥѹǼˣǻȴûдȥ
һ٣ΪǼԸʶս˽üΪΣ
ū澸տˣ±ײū澸ûü˵ֻü˸񡣡
˼ĵһֱţʱҲ¸飬Щؿãٷˣūȥһɰɡ
ò֪Ϊ˿ȻЩʧûдȥĽ飬Ҳҡͷ
ȥˣȻԳȥԺܣδزᱻ˿۵ס
ҪǣǱ֪Ǿˡ
ٷûˣܵиɣһѾߣȴ˵Ҫ
˼ͷĵȻ΢ü⡣
ãú˿ЦŰο£ˣ˰ɡ
˼ͻȻȥʹʲôû˵˵̶ȣҲܲԡ
룬ضܲĴ
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þ˼£ڴȴЩʧؿ⣬谵ϣױ̨ϰһССĴƿڻ谵ɢӫɫǳ⡣
ھ˼ڳʱׯӾѾϷˣϾǷں԰飬˵ϵмˣһ£̫ˡ
Ժ鷿Щơ
ϣ΢ƤָôϣׯӵĻ
ӻ԰뿪ӡԷͶ˼Сˣ֮λٷ˾ûг
ϢΪٷӲʣ޸ү
ɹ˹ǣЦⲻ۵ף˰أ
ׯڨڨǰƬ̺ҡͷ˵ٷײʲôű㡣
Ǹ븮죬ײ޸ү֮£˿δλٷײƣҲ˾ȡ
ֻǣǲ֪λүζԴϵٷˣ
ϣ룬Ѿ߹Ҫʲô
̫Ϊֱ˵ԣҪʲôأ
ƵΣĴҲѰ
תתϵİָȻ΢ŵ۾Ц£ţǵˡ
ׯӿȥԸݳ߲Ϊ֪Ӧ޸ǰƽְ߽񡣡
ׯȻ֪ˡ
öû뵽þ˼ȥղʱ֣ԺӴЩС˾ͱȥͬʱԺ˴ȥ
ôž˼ȥȻҪ˵£ձǰƽ߽֡
˵ʮֺȻڸȾ߲ǼѾ˽˸뿪ˣ㲻õģȻҲǰȥ
ԺֻϣûˣȴҲܲµж񮂵⡣
ϵĻƬ̣ǿӦ
ֻͷʱＸɲ⣬֮ǰȥʩʱܵ˵񣬿Ҳ֪ˣ
ǲǸңʱûù
Ժ˼࣬ɻ˷ܣٷˣôµ˼ģ
ֻһһ仰û˵ȻܲµٷҪ˼۵׵ľȡ
˲۽ޣҲ֪βµģʱ¶һĨǳЦʹƽֶ߽ΣգܱȲ׵زҪĺá
ߵ԰ʱ˶٣ϷһۣųԺȥ
֪ԼԸܹò˿ȥ֮ˣľӵİУеһƿﵹҩ衣
ԼȵĲˮһȵźܿߣһӽˮУҩ賹׻Ųɫؽˮݸ߽ľ˼ǳǳЦ£
ˣȱæˣȵˮɡ
˼л˶󣬲Žеˮһ
üˣĵײ˿ž˼ϵЦ⣬۵ɫɵЩ
գʰ֮󣬾ͳȥ·ˣЩ˳ǿ߶ЩϾǶ֪ˣҪȥƽ߽ʩ顣
գʩһ¾Ǹ£οĵ˶뵽˼ѾǸϵӡ
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һ״ͣ£ÿǰƽ߽֣ʱ⣬Щĸо
һ˼ųȥֻǻ߽Ȼǰһˡ
ŵɫ࣬΢٣ȴϳ˶Ǽˡ
ɫʣ˾ͳһһơ
óǸȥһĽʱż˽ľ΢ڵȥ
ȻϷȥ֮֮еؿ¥뿪ĴվһˣɫĽƳۣȻƵƽվ￴
ս˾˼֣նƬ̵Ļң˶񣬳ǸȥƽĶÿһȴȵڵϡ
ſڵ˳˹֣ȥ󣬾ͽŹ
Ƭ̾͸֣һ°õĲƬ̵ͣ٣˼ƲʲôõЩصͷ
˶¥󣬾˼ͱٷˣүһ˽ȥ
˼Щؿ򴽣ֻԾ˼Ը˼Ҿͺá
˼⻰ĵٵǣҲڼǰ˵ֻõ˵ͷ߽ȥ
ֻһˣȰ뿪ŵĴҲˣڼžվڴߣֻǿüţżЦ⡣
ÿһʧƬ̺æ׼ǷѾ˹δ˵ڵ밲飬̧ȥŮֱۣͲµ΢΢һ
ɵɷŮֱۣ˿δջأò˲۽ޣ˳
˶٣һĨЦڣ
ԳƣɾͺεüͷöסͷЩؿв֪Լ˵˻
ƳĽţŵü΢ƴЦ˵ü仺պڱԳơ
ɷֱۣδɿգֻ˵װһ㱡Ĳϣƺоָ¶ȣټָĻʶս
ʹͷֻ¶գӦ¡
ƳĽŲĵ̾˿֣һԵĵʾ⣺ɡ
˾òŷæ£ɿĶźۼ۾ĵһ
Ѿ˲ˮûжֻ̧ɣԼĲ⣺
кηԸ
Ȼеͣ٣ֻԳƳЩüЦЦأѲ㵱ΪȥЩ
ʹµ뷨νİģǸ޸ʩѹĽڣΪĲܹɳڳ֮
ȶ˼ȻΣС
Щ˼صͷͽһĨ̺죬Σſڣǣȥʩ࣬Ϣձܴ޸ˡ
صģԻᰲźá
ɡ
ԼļƻҪ˵ЩʲôֻǶ΢šüʱϴû˵
΢Щʧƴȥ֮󣬱㲻ʹΪͼıҲ㹻ϧЩ¶ǰ˼˿ǰֳĲϲ
ɿĵһ˿ǣ΢šüôˣ
䴽ҡҡͷûʲôүűá
Ű׾ϹŵβɵţﺬЦ⣬˵ؿֻǲһ㹻ˡ
Ƭ̣ȻЦǷΪѾˣ
Ȼ֪Ժ⣬ǣҡͷүαˣǾлݳǣҺõŮӲ֪ҲúүۣүαϷ˼
ҡͷüͷĻ˵ʵ⣬óΪ룬
ЩЦǰŮӻƲŵһ˿ԱҲЦüͷԾһ
ͻȻ֣ܾɣֻܲΪΪԼ䲻ѡ
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۵ɫ˼棬ɫȥ˼ΪΪľܾãҧŴ˼ֲ
տȻžκһ͵͵̾Ϣɳ߽ӣƵòò󿿣ӣ䣬޷ȥòֵ̧ǰ
ү
£ͱ˽סͷͷϣЩȴٿȻ𾪵ӣͣ˰̣Ӷֱԭ˶
ûɿֱ۽䣬ƫƫͷһһ˵ţ
˼ϲٺΣ
Ȼ㻹δԸ㡪
ãҪ㡣
ɵ۵΢Щ˲²뷨Ǵʱȴһ̧°ͣܲ˵ضߣλεظ
Ҫ
ңûܾ
һκ֣ԺһƬհףʱ֪ǺãƬ̵޴룬ҲЩʪǰ΢ɣţ
Ҳ֪
лҪ˵Ǹѽǣˣ賿£Ƿ£ҲǸܺв̫һȿȣ
ʱɣ3
֧ѽ~ƸеԤ
治Ҫˡרղأܻģ
飺
μʱձ˴һƬ𣬳ſڻȴһס
Űɮ۵ķޣЦСУʲô
ճأ˵Ϣ֪һǰ⴦ûӰΨֺ³Ϲϵ
üŷ飬˫ֺʮʩຣСɮʩ
Цǰʮ˱ס˿ܣҪ֣
ζң
Сɮ֪Ϊ
֮ʮ꣬߱ÿһ䣬ÿĳ˸ϾɱʱܻῴվһԵˣ
ΪޣΪβֹң
ɫ䣬ü΢䣺Сɮʩ
ɮȾѪ濿ЦᶼҪСУ治Ҫˡ
ţСɮ֪
Ϊһ˶ȻɷȲԸһͬħ


 26 

տķɲǼñ, ЩѣŮӱ§ڻֻ¶˿, ׾͸Щ̺, ϸָ˼ϡ
û֪ôʱĸ, ĸźеһж, ĸҶٽӴ, һӽ޸, ɼ, ÿһҪС, Ψ׹Ԩ
˵ûʲôȰȻŸҪ
񮂱̫, װϹ޸еһӶʵԸ
§ڻУӽӲһ, ĵȴƲסػҲ£һԨһԨ
ɽǷ޴뿴۵ףüͷ, ˼ϧ򦴦ḧ˸գ̾˿
¡
ɱһֱ, 밲οȴֲ֪οڣʮδģͷһȴ֮ϣԼûƣôȥο
šüͷЩꡣ
뿴飬ü⣬⡣
ǶѷŮദľ飬֪ô졣
ظһ飺¡
΢ӲȴѾ߾ᣬ룬Դ𣬱ûͬ˵
ƾʮҾ㹻˾ǻˣҲҪСġ
һζһˣŴ㣬СΨֻһ飬ƫ˿ͷ
ÿСĵģֻúЩСضԴţʹֻƬ̣Ҳ˾ѡ
Ȼ˼ֳ嶯Ȼں˸ֺαӹţԱ
õ۽˲뷨ת伸˲䣬δ¶ֻ̫֮ƺ˵ʱȵϢգϸؿţ
үЩ
ڻȱ㣬еظо㣬ǻŮ̧ؿɫ΢ɿ֣վֱӡ
ϵĲˮѾñӣ˫ֱֽͦļ΢䣬ŴŰ׾βŷŵ¶źΣ£һƿڹţʱȴȫ¶ǰ
۵ײźۼһ˿Ρ
ͻȻһ¡
ǰʥӾּΪŮͻ飬ʥּ£ȴ˵涼Ҽһ棬ҹּԶ뾩Ǹϸ߹أδ顣
ֻ򵱳Ůӹϵ¼һ˿Ըѹɫ
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ɴʱɿǰŮӣҲ˰ٰζͻȻ˵˼
վǰüܲµ룬Ҳ֪Ĺǣ۵׿һ˿ͲϲȻˣԭ˵㲻ҳˡ
ûһʱңңȨ˲Ϊ֮£ԿΪ
Ȼ۾֣
ÿǰ֣˰Σųɵַ̧棬оֱסһ̾ͱ⿴õüңͻȻйżΡ
˴򿪣òŽЩ
ɽת俴۵ף΢üͷɣɫƿߣָõڴϣ֡
òؿһۣȴûпܵᲽ߹ȥ濴ȥȣٿȻ̧ȥɣЩȻү⡭
ȥܿƽֵ߽ȫòøеȵǣȻ濴񮂣һŵ񮂴ʱ˼ǱܻżСˣػش䡣
ô᣿
ôʱӦ޸ܷ
ɫڣɨһۣܲµ뷨ᳶǣݳǵȷǸٹ̣ʱм֮ɲûа취
񮂳ƽ߽֣ô񮂾ͲشڸС
ٹ̣۵һ˿Ʊ
ӣŴЦ͸Щ⣬üãɾó
ׯѾ֪޸飬ȻҲܲµ񮂻ζȻҪŵˣͲί
ɿǰˣǱ۸ˣԻٰ㻹ȥ
Ƭκ䴽ǣüĿ͸Щ᣺лү
ǰһؿλεǱӡ
룬񮂴ʱܷᵽյĸܣŪȴ
ǰͻȻסͽһƬڰգգ۾һؿһԵˣͼ΢šüÿģ
ϣֻһ϶
Ҫ˵ЩʲôͻȻŴ汻죬üЦ⵭ȥתͷ⣺˵
ү޴ڳ
ﰲƬ̣Ե͸ֲͣ˵ʱѾͷȥüϸϸ
վֱӣýţң㲻ҪȥʲôҪֱӷԸ˱ɡ
˵ͷţ֪ġ
ٯɫ΢ԭҪߵĲӶסͻȻЩˣ¾޸Խᷳͣԭǰ˰Ρ
ܲͷǵȵߣ̧ͷײӣ˼ַɫ˼ŴɺΣүģҼˣȥģүЩȥɣʱ䡣
˵žǣע£еɣǵͷת뿪
ׯӵ棬󣬳˹֣ףҪ̧ͿһԺŵľ˼۾ͬǰºģСѾϽɫ۵ף۵ǷŽɢȥ
ȥźš
ģûж࿴һۣ˼ȴǾһͷ亹صͷΪ£Щū
˼ʱڴߣ˰ȣؿ棬ɫǳ˼ԭʵĻ⸱ģʱҲ˵
ƺûзĲԣֻǳЦŶ֣߽Щ⿴ȥ˼ʱٷˣү
ԺתһȦ˼Ȼ˶κۿٷˣǲͶ㡭
죬֮ĻЩ˵ͻȻٷ˽ʱ˻ʱͤļ
۽£ûнֻ̫࣬˵պɻԸź򣿡
֪ԼյΪж񣬾˼ԸźҲܹ⡣
أ˼˼ƿȹڹǰٷˣūźٷˣٷ˱ūߡ
˼ЩؿãүζԴٷ˵һж۵ףٷˣȥٷˣֻ֪źٷôʱٷһֱʮֺá
ΣֻҪԸ⣬Ȼߡ
˼һվЩȻԼٷ˺ͼ֮Ĺϵ񮂣ɵϲ⣬ԸΪٷô࣬Ȼǽٷ˷ϵġ
ôãܹ޸үĺá
ֻһССū澣վٷˣҲޣڿٷ˳ͷҲԵٷ˸еˡ
ͷңôž˼¥
ʱͶ˶ЩȻ̶̰ʱƺ̫飬һֱе·ͻȻת䣬˿ǰ·ȴֻһ˿ϣ
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ó˼ȥ̫ྪţظ¶ڣ˼Ʋµ룬΢ЦŶ˵ٷ˷ġ
ٻˣʲôһ·Ǳ޸ǲǲ롣
˼ȻǺܴϻۣȴҲ֪ײүͱү֮ĳºүǾŹ
΢ɣɫʱѾͬϤʱˣȴüͷ˵Щʲôȴǳ￴һۣɫһ˿Ϊѣʱ򣬵͵˵һ䣺
ٷСЩ
ƺֻע£˵仰͵ͷʲô˵
ȴһ͹ɫ۵ףɫ΢䣬ٿתͷᣬ˿˿ͻȻž˼һǿЦ£
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ͻȻһĵͶӽӲԭأƿ¶ܷЦǿһ򣬲ЦŶ˵
ɩδæƽ߽Ҳһյ飬һ֮ɩעӵĺá
۾ս˾˼֣ܣô
ܷƫͷЦЦӱɩظ
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ܷɺںģЦ£ɩģԲΡ
˵ţߴƿھ˼ϣЦĵ˵
ǱɩܲϳԲʲôֻǷһˣǹù֪˱ɩ˷һƬ⣬ǻвãҡ
շԼź˲ɩߵѾȴǺɩ
λεвֱġ
ܷϧӣɫһһȥ̬ⷬñϧ
Ͷ˾þòĹһĨЦöȴ͸һ˵ĺ⣬˵
ưѱɩŵã㲻֪ˣȻ͵Ҷˣܿͻˣɩɷˣ
һƬߵĶûע⣬˰Σòǿ˳ǣһ˿Ц⣺Ǳɩлܵĺˡ
ԱߵСǰľݰڷźãõ
ܷЦ£ɩɡ
ñ˱۾һɫ̤ľݣ˼ǵסٷˡ
ܷɨ˼ӣǲЩͷȥҼٷˣң̧ͷͻ¶š
ҡҡͷʾ˼֣Եģղظܷþ˼
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ȴ˿ûзģܷԶһ࣬ɫɨһȦڣڰðĲˮϣɫ΢ĵԽ
ʱܷͻȻڣʵͦɩģ֪֮Ĺϵܼװ֪ˡ
û˵ֻüĿЩ
ֻܷûпϵĲˮһڣÿ΢üźۼؿķӦ˵ֻǱɩ֪ԽˣҾԽŲġ
ԽԽҲ䡣
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ºķӦԽǴ侲ܷԽܷһͱһ
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ǲ̫ЦܹǴֱ񮂲ϲֱǰۡ
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ֻܷЦ£ûн仰϶֪˵ʲôȻ⻰
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񮂿һԵã£ܿߣܷ߽ʣ˵Щʲô
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ڽֵʱҲݸȥ
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üЩܷûа취֪ԼΪȷܷûģֻܵûпã˳ܷĶ¡
΢źۼ𴽣վԭûж񮂿ֻܿջˮĬĬί΢šüƿߡ
ȵֺܷһŽӲسǰȥԶĵط
ܷ˹ǣֵ̧ˮֱ񮂺ãͱɩæ˰죬ۼˣȵˮɡ
ֻǿһۣͶˮһ
δز֪ˮ⣬ֻıܷţûֹЩƲ
һˮԵݸãˣˡ
ܷ䴽ЦƳ΢Ҳ˼ֻϲҲδЦˡ
Ųˮͣǰ۵ɫƽֽһˣ
ٿȻ̧ͷﲻ֪ǻίģǿ˳ǣ۽Ƿ˺죬Ƕֽӹˮһһѵ˵
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ÿܷЦ񮂵ݣȥˮоʲôֻԽﶼ͸żֺ⣬̲סս֣ɫɷס
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ʱŲӵⲢĴƴӹĺ⣬˶סЩ۵һ˿ң̲סҧƺ߳йһ⡣
þû䣬ȴ֪ʱ˿ȴһģ΢ɢ˼˿źϣշ̺죬βҪһ
һ٣µˮжȴûϵȻˣüܷ˼ļѹʣô£
ܷŲæۿã񮂵ʻҲֻƲƲ죺ô֪ǲˮҶˣҲû㡣
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Ѿ̫ʱ䣬ȥҧĵ˼ּꡣ
棬˾òȥ밲ǲģγȥ
˵䣬ֻȥֳסʹоĵɺ޵÷ۣҧס⣬⴫Լ¶һֺ⡣
Űվٺ˹ͬһռ䣬ɤЩƣɬ÷ۣ³
£ȥʲôӦֱƿ˼æסŷȫŴʪ⣬˼ָƳһĨ죬ŵס졣
֮⣬ֳűӣվԱߣβģ¶ʱһԼոմԾʱƺߣƲſǻ⣬ԭ뿪ĲӲԭ
ðӿ˾˼ϣؿԶˣؾЩίѿۿ΢΢죬䴽
ʶҪ߽ʱֱƿݺ߬ӣĲջأֻǿһ۵ɫ亮
лҪ˵ơҸǰ򵱻byݵľ

 27 

޸ݳȻ, סլҲΣɰǽ
ɲŴվţׯӺǵ, 񮂺ܷ, ˰, Ҳûɵ
ûж࿴һֲ̧ۣϹ, ĵ챻ɿ۵, һ, ŭȻ, ߴƿ, Ƶڣ
ȥƲ̫ɡ
õ, лү
Ա΢üûȴֻάƲ䣬ϵĺɫûɢȥ, üۼһǳģӡڹͬʱɫȴÿ˰⡣
ÿ첽޸, һ˶󣬴̤¶źܺһ, ˼ŸҺۿڣٷˣ׷ʲô
˼գ²סǣȥԵزԾӷʪ⣬˵ζ۽ǣǷǣȴδɫƶЩס
ò֪ԼǺģʱֻﷺ˵ۣʱΪҺ£ģŴʪĺˮģ̼һۡ
ãʱӦǲѪɫģǱزĿ
ɤӸɬҲ֪ǸҺһˮ
ƴԺл֢״ΪʲôֻһӵӷͺҪԴҲ벻
֪Ȼܷ˺ƤҲҪǱˮ;ô򵥡
úȻΪҪȥƽ߽֣õҩس˳ǣû뵽ȫ׼Ƕ߲ȴһˮ
ǼѵػԺӣ̱ϣ˼ŻææҪҩȴֱֹˮ
þ亹֮ƺϣֱܵü
˼лŸҩֱܳȥԸˮ
ɸգڵסԡͰڣΪȾϼ컣ðŲ˿īɢˮûΣֻྫµ棬˿ϣշżֳ죬βƽЩɫ
˼վԡͰԣµţȴֲҶ࿴⸱ɫͨͷź
ϴþЩֱоˮѾЩŴԡͰ
£Žڴϣؿ棬˼ҳڴ齱ߣϸĵΪҩĵ˿Ѿݵ÷ף̲סֱüͷ
һֱȾϻҰף潥öûٸоʲôԾĵطü⣬Щţô򵥵عȥˣ
ʹˣҲҷϵĴ򶼲룬˵ˣ޸κˡ
ҹɫŨ˼ҹֻʣһˣϵһյ谵ĵƹ⣬¯Ѭ㡣
÷ȥζ˯ţֻһʮܣ˶ЩȣȻӴŶ£˫ֳŴ齣ӣЩʧᴭţÿһκ⡣
ⲻԾ
ƴشظоϲԾӼԽԽĵһŻȥ̲סս֣ĴʹƬѡ
ͻȻ̧ͷĿֱֱŵ¯
Ʈǳǳ̴ľζƽƺʲôһ
ǣɲǼ䣬ȴͻȻ֪ϣȵǱˮʲô
ⴺۡ
˴ҩˣ˶ػһ⣬ͺͻȻһ㣬Ĵ˿ܻòǴ⡣
Ҫǣⴺ۵ã˵弸û˺һͰϢһʹã׺ݵĴɢֲҩЧ
󲿷ֵѬжаϢĳɷ֡
õɫɷǼҰףľ˼æܽһģʱٷˣôˣ
æܵ齱ߣȥ÷𣬸;һƬȣ̲סٷˣ
ô֪ԼʲôҩûһԽ¯Ϩˡ
˼ȥΪʲôҼŲյˮȫ¯æЩȥѴ򿪣ݵ˲䱻ɢ˲١
òûоúһЩԼʶҪЩֹסػңģʧյ侲ᴭԸ
ˮ죡
ٷˣ˼Լµʲôҩ»ңԸȴʶܾ
˭֪ˮŮжΣ
˼ֻ֪һˮ󣬵˺֢һԵá
ΪѶԭأﱻƳᣬţʣܲµ˼Ĺ˼ɣǴʱȴ˼ôˣ͵غţ졢ȥ
˼˶ţȻĨһᣬܳȥ׼ˮ
һͰˮ棬ôֱ̤˽ȥմӾдˮһҹ⣬úݺݴһ۽ǹ飬ֹסطȴҧأˮС
ǲƬ̵֮þԽ̲סޣѰʲôԼôܣΧȴˮԼʧأǿ̵ؽĵ˿ڳ
ʹˣȴǰкתȻ䣬ƳԶı裬ףÿԺﶼϼ衣
ɤڣ
ˮУ¶ļȴɷŲĺɫˮ⡣
˼һֱĨᣬķԸֱҡͷܾ˵еģٷˣеġ
ƽЩѣȴƴżֿͲɡ
˼ҡͷɫҰףͻȻ뵽ʲô۵һ˿ᶨٷˣū澣ū澺ܿ
˵꣬ͻȻȥֽ
ͷܳȥлȴϸţԼ塣
˼˷õˮԼһͰͰ̧ȥ˿̵ӡԷŹ⣬ԺӼž
˼ŵشԺţ޸ѲߵȫɫæһС
ۿ죬ǱسԺǰ
ԺǰŵʿһҲûм٣ģҹ䷺˲ɢȥཻסվס
˼ɫŵɫҰףȴҴСţҽȥҪǣ
ŵʿʱϳׯµķԸҲ֪˭ģ˾ͳԺȥ
˼Ҳû뵽ô׽ˣȵǰŻع뵽Ժﻹˮٷˣ˲ʲô뷨ûУֱӹ˷ǰ
˳ҹƺû˯£ī΢͸ʪ⣬Ƹոԡտ˼˲üͷǰ
ôˣ
ȥȾҼٷˣ˼޵棬ϸ˵ֻ˸ţȥٷ˵ӻܲ˵ģ
ô
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ӡԷһƬƽ˾ɷǽ룬ûһ˿սУ۵һĻͣ
ˮУˮͰԹһ裬ϱˮʪЩɢڵϡ
˲Ȼʲôŭգɫ˴ˮֱ̳һƬµɪɪˮеıδȥűɭ⡣
ĵʲôһӿϣǼⷺᣬӿƬ̵޴롣
һɾ͸оµļϴһƬȣҲЩʶʵӣ֪ûϳֻһ˵꣬૵أ
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Ķȴǽ§ýЩû˼ȥɫֻʣۡ
޳Ĳµ϶ų죬Լ˱һʵıسǴȥ
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ɺ䶯˶ȴûжùϵѽȫŽ˱齱ȥ
òԼǴƺʲôЩܵ۽ǷỨ˫ɵĲӣǰˣ޵ί
ҡܡѡܡү
³֣ɵĲһ٣Щ㶵ؿ۵ģĵͻȻһͿ
ҲԼЩѣǿƵŮӵ۽ǡ
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ڱһɲǣʹƬ̵ѣϷˡ
Լĺ۵׺ε
˼ܻʱֻ洫ǳǳ˲̱ڷǰԼ˫ϥɫǰƬ̲뿪
лҪ˵Ҫ԰
ǰѸʱĵ賿ֻ죬Ϊ˲ӵ
Ϊ죨һҪϼӣ죨һĸƳٵϣ賿ҪȸѽΪ˲Сʹǣwbǧ֣ȥ
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ʱ򣬻ȫߵĿں齱ҲдϣСʹǼ֧ǣлл
ƼǵһԤģСʹǸǼӸղأллǣ
Ůλǡר
飺
楳빬꣬µ۵ǻ
ѡŮʱֽ褾źСж
ʮ
ѡ㣬빬սʧ
ߴߣˮʹ
褾еˣѰ·極Ŀ꣬ʼնֻһ
ϸյǻʱǰﷱæȥ
һգһСѾߣЦǳǳģ͸ʮֵ÷ϵ
룺ֻ̫СˣЩɬڣ
ǸСѾ߳
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psŮҰģȷĿ꣬ʹЩֶ
ʵۣǰڻѡ
1v1

 28 

δ, д棬ľֽӡůůĹ⣬̺촲ᣴ, ž
˰, ¶Ƭ֬ļ, 渲һֻ֣εؽϸ֫ϡ
óʶʱ, ;һᷦ, ü, ΢΢һ, Ͳϵ, Ҫһ
ô᣿
ʶδѣֻΪܷк, ɲǼϵⲻʶȴɫɷס
ӣĵ׻Ҳ֪ʱͻȻоƺ˶, ˲˲䣬˿ڼϣ˿˿⡣
ˣ
΢Ƶһ˿Ϥٿ, Ťͷȥײ˻žüۣŻҹ顣
ӽ˰, ͬһͻ״ļƻ߬ŽȻưģһϣãŽӡ
˵ĵʲôܣЩãȻڿʱԼû뵽ȴֲɷϵһ
ٱˣԸ
þ˼ȥѰʱ򣬾Ԥϵ
ֻû뵽ջô졣
ɾû΢šü˳Լ§Щ۾ѾȥѰʱѾˣȵ̫ңһжűۡ
ڻ˯ñѣвʣһֱ˼վ⣬Ӻؽ˲˹
ȥŮ̺죬͸Щ֮ɫβңɫȴףһԲ
˲ѹѹĵ˵Ľţһֻɣƽһ䣺
ô˵
Ҫı飬ʮ棬ûδڵ;ѹ
ɫ΢˲²͸飬һҹ̰ȴҲû̫ɫֻüҼһĨҲɢȥ
ۣΪҪ赭дطƪ
Сǡ
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£δŴƣ۽ޣǲ֪뷨շ̵˼ɬδ¶Ϳ䵭ɫ
ʱֻ˰أЩίЩԳۿЩ죬ͷסӣһ߬ӣ̲סسȥһ߲ԾС
үɿЩ
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΢٣üͷٿ뷨˼ΣǿӲشżҶ
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Ȼ䣬ɾֱϽ⣬һԭͿͨۿѹеŭ⣺뱾ͬ齣ôܣ
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ɫ䣬΢ƣˣΪοޣ
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̲ס̧ͷһˣЩʺ˿˿Ǵ˵ĻҲЩίۡ
һڻ˻δʱָֻȻšüɫ΢ڸס˿飬֪뽫·ƪüɿżɫ
ۣ
˵ţƿӲ鿴
ŵæӣʹҡҡͷûү𣡡
򴽣û˵
һֽճȭ۵ײźۼһ˿⣬ڱ߹أʱȴǴھӪֱʥּ뾩ǡ
Ǳ߹أھǣŮദ⣬ǶչؼʱڣǸ۸ӣЩŮҲǣ.棬սǱ֮
ɼʹˣھӪвĻӣǾʢеĻԲ˵Ůӻ۳㡣
ϺүֻһӣӣȻŽ̵£Ҳ͵֪ⷽѷ
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ÿŴڵǽڣҧҧ̧ͷ͵ƳһɫĲ˲۽ޣֲ˼뷨
ʣүھǿС檣
ƺЩ̽
ššü֪ΪͻȻȴʵش𣺡ޡ
һȥ˼룬봹ͷɿֱü۵
õ˵ͷּɲҡҡͷ
˶٣˵˵Ůӡˡ
ϸţЩû壬Ƭ̣ŷӦ˵ʲôһȭִɫЩȻٿڣɤƣϸҩ
һȴ᣸Ŵ⣬ѵʱ򣬻̹סȫӣ޳ĲҲֻ¶һ㡣
ûȥе˼ֻҵصͷӦ£ûע⵽üЦһ
Ƴģɺݺüͷңеˡ
ס֣ĳϣ淺׵˿ƿţֻһ;ۡ
΢һ£ղأ򴽣ȥˡ
ʱһƬ죬ﺮ΢ʢڣһ⣺
öԼʮĺݡ
ЦſüҶţ棬΢̧ӣЦЦǳ׼һ⣺
Ҳ˵˵εˮУ
ϵϣסüĿҹǸʱĵ׵Ļҡ
޻ʶµŮӣˣԼţֺα˵
΢û뵽ȻὫյᣬʣȴ֪λش
ǿ˹ǣЦδüңͺܿɢȥ
ٻգ֪ɻ
ʶҧƳĲˣЩݣҲЩãȻ޴롣
ͻȻЩ̲סأָ΢Ĳ˲䣬˾ȵ̧µü۴һ˿ºίүҺ¡
յȷ£ܷкУԼȥᱻ˷֣еһУ¡
ȴûκΰ취ҧˮʲô
ɲԼ˼۵׵ʧβֻϧḧļ
ֱ󣬻ûʳǾ䣺ΪβһʱȥѰ
Ҳܲµ𰸣е˻
һ̫ãα졣
ʽҰףᣵţÿɫֻɵʱ䣬ü⿴һۣҧһ䣺
үʱǺʱˣ
䣬ͻȻű˴죬һ㣬Сģֻȴһ
˼ִߴٽţү
֪ػȻڴʱΪֻʱսϣĥ˵ű
΢Ҫֲܾ֪ô˵һҩ
֪ƤҩǴҪˡ
һ죬͵Ӧá
Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻסү
תͼüۣϸ˵ţ
үܷһæ                        
лҪ˵үͣʵˣС˼
үʵ󿪹ң츳 
쿪ʼָϾŵ
ӻԾԾԾ￴һݣظЦоʮǡͷء֣ͷ
ǻٵ룬·~
쿪ʼȶϾŵ
»~~


 29 

ò֪ô뿪, ﰲ󣬲Ƭ̣Щ, ƿ, ˼С߽
ᣰ뿪, ûŽǽϣ֪ݲ, еĺۼ¡
ֻ, ºۼ, ˿̰, ֪Щʲô
˼̱˴, ϵϺͷ׵Ĵɫſڴ齱߿޵Сɷ, ˫޵ѹ֣ȴҷ̫
ūٷˡū澣ٷ˺ˡ
֪, ǱүԼвٷˣٷֻҪһĥ
һҹڼ, ԼٷĵƣǶ¥ԵʿǰĲ˲˻ȥ
˼޵, ͻȻкúޣޱү˼үƲ
úرһᣬۿ죬ȷãǱƵûѡֺα·
ûһŮӣ᲻ϣԼá
ϼͷʱĵδؾûйڴ
Ҳƿͷʱ¹ͷ
ȴ±ϣԲעͻ÷ǣٺãҲδ·
һסе⣬ָ˸˼ͷ۵׻һ˿⡣
ȻѾˣǺˣҲŹ
ż֮ǰӦ£˶ϵֱӣˮҽҪȥ
˼ɫżֹٷˣӡ
Ҳ˵ʱɫҹ˵ˮٷ˵ôܵס
ñ˱۾๣˼ȥ
˼ľģݺݵĨ˰ᣬĵٲ̣Ҳܳȥˮٷʲôģǲٷ˵ĺȡ
һҹǰʱҲЩǱҹƻδɢȥɫδӡԷֻ˶ֻˮ£Ͷ˽ȥ
ñδӽ¶ǿˮ˲ӣ˼ۣҿϵĺۼ
õֻ°ۣ´ʱЩȣҺо˼һѡ
ɼʹˣǾЩؾǸˣ˼ӣӻϵĺۼʱüѪ
˼Ƴ˵ĵ׵ĸܣȸмаǣ¼һү
ڲ֪Щ֮ǰֺγǾҲһλӡ
ֻǵףûж˵ٷ˱Щ²ҪѣٷĵԻ
˼ѣСûѣΪ·Ƚֻܾܵٷ˺Щ
ò˼򴽶Ц£ЦܵȴִЩᡣ
һжʰúʲ͸һ˿ɫ
öͭСĵؿֿȷûһ˿ۼ¶󣬲һϣ΢ü⡣
ҹ£ƫѵ磬ֻƣַۣŷ⡣
ŽҪ£ֲܰĵ˯¡
ȷԻ죬뿴ôܵˣ°㣬̹̹عźӡ
ң˶Ժź˶ˡ
˼ʱҲʰԼδ̫ЩңϵǺǱ
ýյɫѿþ˼ԽɫҰЩüϸţ֮
СѾ߽źʱѾˣ¶Щȣټ˵ģͻȻһͻȻѹŲ˵
ɴӣһܵģ˼ȴǲɫض˵ķӦٿһѾ۾΢ʱݺս֣ȴû¶һ˿
߽һѯʣٷˣڿôţ
֪ԼĿĴﵽˣü⣬ص˵ͷɫҰף
˼һСѾȥţһĨ۽ǣ΢ҵ˵Ǽˮ̧ȥ
ҹˮѾ߲ظŽȥȿҵıͰˮʱǶȻӡ
˼߼ɲһɨ¶˼ֲͷԵز£ֻ˰ˮ̧ȥ
ǽˮ̧ȥ󣬾˼ųòźۼص˵ͷջߣʹɫ΢ָݺűڡ
ȻûܷˣҸķӦ
˼֮ǰռӵλãͱԣ񮂶˼˵˼ȻŹ
øʱɻܷΪûкУ
ȻףܷΪ󲻹Ϊ񮂣Ϊ񮂵ӣһȾɻ񮂵档
ôһںˣΪ֮϶ǲǵòʧ
ôһ񮂷ˣȻôĲǣܡ
ǣԼܲסأȥѰ˰
һ񮂳ҲôﵽĿġ
ĵ˵ϵĶģֺ޵÷ָۣ̲סطףҲʱ񮂽ǱˮԵݸ龰
˿ʹ޲ȥҲû¶
ɫҰףţֻǱƽʱõøЩƳһ˲ɫ˳ȥԽԽ䡣
ʰãǰʱž˼޸ȥڿ¶һ̣֮еģ·ϿܷӰ
ðпھ˼ϣɫͻȻԽҰף۵ȴڲס¶һ˿ߺޣ͵ؽͷȥûпܷһȥ
ܷȴǲ˹û񮂣Ȼɵеһаȫ¶ǰ
һ£ҲΪΪһ¶ѣȫȻ֪õķӦ
ܷߵߣתͷõɫ˰Σɫ˼ۿ޵ͨ죬ҪѹסԼЩ
ˣ
еĳҪڲסܷȴɫûбһ£Цţȴǿˣ۵׸һ˿𺣬м͸⣺
ɩ̣÷Ǻã
ܷºķӦʱüĲϲͼɵ㣬һҧʣҪñ
ĻԽԽ䣬˱ۣס۵׵ɫĻƬ̣ȻЦܷĪҪ̫
ҧŴӼ÷˿ǻۿ죺ǲԣΪβԸŹң
ʣҲ˼ĵ׵뷨ǶԲƾʲôҪôĴһ㡣
ܷƫƫͷЦˣɩôΪʲô㵲ҵ·ݲˡ
λеĶ⡣
ܷˣýȢӣҲУ
ûңҲˣ֮˾㣡
ôһֱӺ˺Ƥչǲһ˿ǣѹĨ嶯ȴ̲סطһ䣺
ȻҲ޸ݸƸһˣ
һ䣬ܷɫ˲úƿ۵˿ɱһ
ܷͻȻ̧ͣͷãĵ˵һ䣺
Ⱦ߲ɩÿնҪǰƽ߽ʩ࣬ĵǵģɩǧҪչ˺Լӡ
Ȼ֪ܺͱ˳һ𣬲룬κ˶Ҫ˽ˡ
ǣؿһ£Щ񮂵ת䣬˶ܴΣеġ
ԣԸãʹպ񮂻ȢˣҲϧ
οܷźۼ˰ɫİ֮˲ţ籯ʹģԸȢޣҲ˵ͨ
Ȼ֪ܷЩʲôȴҲܲµò룬ȭƺ΢ҧҧӲ˵ܷģȻСġ
˵仰ǲҿܷ첽߳޸ܷͣԭأɫһֱϡ                        
лҪ˵Ůʼˣ
޼߻иŮҪͲˣŮƪ

 30 

ֱ, ò̧ͷûܷǰߺѿɫֻü, ܷһ仰ĵ׹˼, Ų͸˼
ɫǳ, ߬˼Щأٷ, Ǹô죿
ñ˱, 뵽ʲô, ˼˵ǲǺܾûȥСˣᵽƽ߽, ȥ°ɡ
Դý, ַһϵе£, ˼ҲаûȥСˣһᣬ¡
ֻʱԱүĻڻֻµ˵ͷ, һɫ
ֱӳȥþ˼ȥѰС
Ͻǳɫ, ɫҲûйѯʣʱƽ߽һЩ, ˶һ˼µʿˣû˻Ը
ɫ΢ŰףЩɣ˾䣺ٷвʣа
ްǿҡҡͷæµǰһɡ
ϵȷЩʣʱҲЩ飬±˿·䣬š
ӹףϸǰŶӵ񣬲žľЩδȾ߲Ҳɥʧһ㣬Ż̻̣ó׵һ֮ǰõҩ衣
ɫ˸ţԵԥ
вҩҲ࣬ݹµҽϼأҩĵȷȷ߲ãҲĵǰ
ʱ˼ԶۣһĨᣬ΢üô£۸ˣ
ֶѲߵʿѵң
˼ҡͷ˵Сū澲֪ҲȾ߲ͱ뿪ˡ
ˣСҲΪ߲Ѿȥˣū澡
˼Ҳ˵ԼʲôܣʶСʵҲûжã̶̲µʱ䣬Ϊ˼СãС˼ĸ飬ʱجģֹסؾͺۡ
죬ȴ֪ΰο
Уȴֹס߬˶ûעʱ򣬺Щ
߲״ȾԽˣԽ׸Ⱦ
þ˼ȥСʱʵµֿܣֻǵ뱻֤ʵʱȴоһ˿ϲ
һԵҲĻɫȻ̾һЩӣѾ˵˲£ɼʹٶ࣬Ҳû޶ԡ
˼۰Ͱ͵ؿãЩٷˡֻΪСĻΪձүĻ
ԵҪ߲ٷˣܻ˳ոմԶȾ߲ƺеϸȾĿľ
õʹ֪Щʲôأ򴽣Ծ˼˵ȥ
˼һӦҡͷôΣյĵطôٷ˹ȥ
ûľܾ׵ݸˣûнӣҲЩǣٷˣū֪ƣ߲׸Ⱦٷ˻Ǳմúá
ʹֻһ䣬Ǳ˵ҲǣЦᡣ
֪۽ޣЦ˼ǿǺչɣû׽ˣĵ׶Ǻ£ԶԶһ۾ͺá
ΣӹףٷСġ
õͷþ˼ȥ˼ЩԸǰȥ
ʵòǺԶҲ˰֣ݳǲ̫طЩ񣬼ʹûзǣסĵطȷƼª
ãɫ΢ףճǿţȻѾһˣͲֶܿ顣
ŽܷĻһɫԽᶨҧǰߡ
˼һԿżʵҲ³ٷӦĿģҶȾ߲֮ǰˡ
ææסãˣٷˣٹȥˣ
֪ùҩڽŵĵؿãǺҪȥ
εؿһֱۣؿһָۣ˵ģµġ
˼һ㶣ƲµʲôЩš
ǰһƬƬ񣬼򵥵·żӣݳǵĴһ붼ˣ棬üһʲôĴصҲʮ١
ΪʲôҪ˻ᳯܣҲöˡ
˸߽ߵط˼̲סصͷٶ࿴ڵϣ˺еıƣŧһζɢȥԶпҲѹֵʹ
ɫҲһ˲ɷףҧŴ꣬ǰһĻĵףȻһ۾ƺ㼰֮꣬ƺ鲼۵ȴҪȥ
ԭأأƮǰһ˼Ҫǰȥ˾ͲֽӼ
Ⱦϵŧ˾ݸǣ˼΢㶣֪òýӣͷ޴ؿá
΢٣ǰȥȾϵɫؿһǸŴջأ˵һ䣺лл
Ҫת뿪ʱͻȻڳҼǵ㡣
Ͷһ㶣ؿͼѵЦ˵֮ǰÿնڸʩ࣬ǻһʱûܶ˶㡣
أҡ
Ļû˵꣬ΪЦϿݣƮЩ壺
Ƕܸм㣬ˡлл㡣
ƽָ߽ЩٹǰǲǽԺ£ֻˣһλңÿ˶Դ
˵󣬺Ȼһ󷢶˼һһҲɲؿͼ˫ֽȭƺ۵÷ϵĺݲڵϣŧһأɤʹ
ÿɫףͼҧۣü
ˡ˵ܡܡ
ò֪Ϊκۿ߬ɤƸɬطۣģǻġ
ƺˣǳЦ
ľ˼˿֪δֻϣиʱ򣬸ܻ
ЩȥתͿ첽뿪һ·̧żӴ·ϯϣϵ˭
һȦЩؿһǽϣؿ˼ƺþδ˵˰㣺ɿСˣ
˼ѹֲסǻݺݵҡҡͷûСūûС
ʱ˭֪ȻСѾȾ߲ȴֲУСǺνѾȻˡ
ЩʧͷԼеӣȾЩŧûпСȴѾõҪĶ
Ҫⳡ߲ǿЩʹ֪ԼҲܰﵽǣȴ޶ԣ޷İ
ڷ㶵ʱͻȻ󴦱սһ˵Сһ΢̧ͷͿŭݣ
㲻Ҫ𣡡
ɿǰɫ׵Ůӣĵһ˿ۺֹסŭ⣬Ӻ֣ûˣվȻܣǵӱ컹
ÿȴǰһոյǵӭж⡣
ŭδЦէȻӣ΢΢һ㶣һʱ֮˸ոյŭƿߣЩȻһ
ʲôôű
лҪ˵ҿۣЧſ
ǰŮܷϣ
Ϊɶܶ˻ãŮܹͬһвأ˵˺ܶΣ޼ݸٹ
ݸ˰Ůģͷͺ.jpg
ŮݺΣй
¿ж߾òãĺҪģͷ
ھЧҷżٸǼ¸ò
ظмСܰܰ㣡

 31 

, ˼Ҳڿʱ˼
һʱס, ˽, Щס, ֲźۼǣܿ, ס, ָ, µʣ
ôˣ۸ˣ
˵, üͷ, ʱע⵽۵΢졣
ñסʱŷӦ˹׽, ˿ʻҡҡͷǣүᣡ
΢, һοһˣ֪ôҲû˽ֻ̹žܵشá
˼, ԥü˵ʲô
ҧҧ˼Сʣү, ߲нˣ
ɿһۣ֪ôΪǿЩĵܣǷ컵˼˲ɢȥС̽ĵΣЩͲʲô˵Ķ
üҶ˼أʹЩɲҡҡͷ˴߲ͻȻʹǱǼҽĿǰҲûȷҩ
⻰ɵĻشʵҲϣѾ˽ƽִ߽ʱҲˡ
ɲ֪Щʲô֪̫Щ飬ǲͬ˵վʲôõ飬ɫ΢ͷָ˲۽ǣ΢ͣ
۵
ñʧ񣬺һ䣬˶Ȼ񣬲֪α飬ֻǶ̵ˣϸ䣬Լû˵ʲô
췢˿𵽶󣬲ȥ֣ȴյúܽ
ЩΪѣ˵ţү⻹桭
һȴɿȻҲܿʱȷӲʣȻôõˮ£ƽ߽ʱЩΪԼˡ
򴽣ǻڵүͬ˵¡
ֱӴ˵
ò˲۽ޣ̧Щ⣬ȴ򴽸ߵɵһֱ޵ϣĲҲԽԽСһֱԶ
˽һӣˣһЩ죬ǳɺׯӡ
ׯӶ˱˱ȭÿæЦЦ
õͷû뵽¾Ȼ̬ȣЩ֪룬ׯӵү̫ҽѾˡ
Щɻ̧ɣײɳߣ֣
Ա߹վһˣϻҩ䣬˵ĸոյĻʶν̫ҽΪŽġ
΢Щ죬˳ɵ䣬Щϸү𡭡
֪ԼΪβʵģ̫ҽֻչ̡
ЩŴʮãȴû˿ɿڣЦ֣֣ҵؿ˿ˣŷֽеҲǵͷûпɵĶһ
һԵĵϣԼվһԣһִϣųһԵͷ䵭ס
̫ҽӵһߣؿڣ̧֡
̧˿ɣüţʮֺ˵ģȴ๵̬ȣ֪²ʹﲻ˼ȥ˵һ䣺
鷳ˡ
̫ҽҡҡͷ˿ˡ
˵꣬һѱõӸϣԱߵļؿţûƼʳһִŮӵļ
ֻڸո˽ʱ͵͵һŮӣģȷýˣǾҲɫ
Ȼ磬ӢڣҲδӹ
ٶ࣬Ҳ¶һ˿ɫƬ̺üͷЩɵһ䣺ʷˣտˮʲô֮
ڿɫʱĵ׾Щ²⣬ʻ۽ޣҧס´ش𣺡ǡ
üͷüϵս˳Լ΢ʣд󰭣
̫ҽɫأغүĻˡ΢ֱԣ˵ֹۣӱͲãȾ˺֢պа
̫ҽ䣬ɫһףʱδûֻʱѡ
зӸΣ
̫ҽ̧ͷǡÿǵŵŮӣ̫ҽ¾棬˼˰죬˵
΢ֻܾҩ賤ʱãƽﾡӣҪˮܷкת
ϸһ˿ŭ⣬ȴҲ֪ⶨ̫ҽ֮ĽЩͣʾׯӽ˴ȥ
ȵû˵ʱŵͷȥŮӣѪɫգЩۣȴʱɺˣ
΢ۣȴǾǿҡҡͷ
յһΣɻ
ƣĵװʶôȴ޿κΣԼ˰Σٿͨۿ̲סӣȥᣬӲţˡ
Ҳ֪Լһڼ򵥣ӣ֪ĵ״ʱжܡ
̾˿ĵ˿ŭҲȥԽ˼⣺̫ҽҲ˵˲ǲɺתؾ󣬱Ե̫ҽҽΣɺã
ñе˼£̲ס̧ǿ˳ǣү˵Цˣүؾүǲˡ
Ǻݣ֪Ķϱ
أüʮҾرһ¶ˮԵˣʹʱã
ĻɫٿȻһ˻⣿
ĵֹסŭ⣬˻Ǻ⣿
˼֮ףҪ֮Ӳɣ
뾩кβã
٣
ÿüҵ⣬һ⣬ĵ˿ί֪ΪҪ
ѹĵ׵ƽ㲻Ըͬ뾩
̧߬ʣүҪ뾩
һ֪ʻšü˵ȻˣҪ뱾һͬ뾩ġ
죬ͻȻ֪˵ʲô
ֺԼƺ˼ҪԼ뾩ֻǶ̶̵һ¶ˮԵǣҡҡͷ
ү㻹ǵѾΪˡ
Σ
ֱֱһһ˵ĪǰΪձ˵Ļ˵ģ
˵Ļ
΢٣βƽ߽֣ͬԼ˵Ǿ䡰ãҪ㡱
ҡͷźүġ
˶٣˵ǣүαأ
αΪһŮմ۵㡣
˼Ц£ÿ˵ս£
òô˵⣬ȴʵҡҡͷ
վŵ˵ͷĹ͸Ŵӡ࣬˿ɫֻƺЦš
Ǳһսо֮񣬺Ұ¶Դɱ飬Բб
ã˵ں𣿡
㶵ؿĵ׺ӿһĪǵþ˼˵սʱոʮꡣ
֪ʱʲô񣬿ֽԼĴ˵ȴãʵǶԴ˲⣬ֻϰ˶ѡ
һ䣺үʱɾܣ
Ϳԭû뵽ʡ
ȴٿȻʱ֮꣬꣬ΪսȴȾôĵײ˿ۼ
Ѳˣѵ¡
лҪ˵⣬ܷż

 32 

΢ů, ɣֻһ˲ȻܿͷӦ, ЦЦ, û˵ʲô
߽, գգ۾һؿ, ɶ˶, ̧, ͷ, , Цų˾䣺ƽ׺˼롣
򴽣ʹ
ͷ, ǵЦɢȥһֻսв֪룬ʵѾôǵõսʱ, ǺˣҲӦǺ¹
ʱԱ߹ػؾ֪
սΪ۰ʥ, ҲЩ
ڵഫʥ϶ʱ, δЩ۴ˡ
Ϊλ˾ˣˣȴ飬Լ¶ƭ˹ȥĸΪʥ϶ʣʥϱԽʱĸ׵ĺá
ʱоĸףɱ֪δˣʥ϶
ɺЦЩ˼׿Σ˸ۣЩҲ˵ۣǰЩͷۡ
ŮӣЩΣͻȻ۾˵
ΣӦ£ѲҪϣ
ٿȻ̧ͷ¶⣺үҴӦ£
ˣ汾ؾ
ǿ˳ǣү˵ЦˣҺʱӦ£
һȭ˵ִӣ˵һ䣺ҹ׿ԣҪڣ
Ļ֮ɫʱͨ죬ŰΣƿȻվүιڲң
ҹ£ҪѪβţزһ䣺ôܻӦ£
ý֮ңЩصͷҿǲҹ£ȻҲ֪ǷĺӦ¹¡
õķӦɲźۼüңҹôңС˼£ֻǣҹʶ壬Ǽǲ壬ԣ˵ֱ׳
ǣЦѵһ⣺ôõǲϣ
˵ǣǿɫ˶촽ȴû˵
գͷ˵һ䣺ûС
۵Ц⣬ŰָɿƵ˵ûбá
ÿüŵЦ⣬Щͷԣô˵󣬾ǱҪؾˣ
Ҫ뿪ʱɺغ˵һ£գǿܻйǰ
̧ͷ֪ΪҪ˵£ŷ̽Сʣˣͺүأ
С֣ϸ޹ǰ㣬ǵԣбʥӣ£þã֮Σ
Ѿǹˣʲϵҡ
վߵǼ޼ҶҪԴ˵еľ˵Ǳһӣˡ
ֻ΢ϸüŵֶ˶ǾΪҪݣ
ɵĶһ٣̧ͷһۣɫЩĥ͸΢ҧ𴽣Ц
ÿ֪£͢ǧʯʳݣ
˼͸¶ʲôһôܣ
ʥּʱưɫԺЩʶʲôһֱݳǣȻ֪ڵпַʱ̣ǧʯʳɱ˵˼˵ݳкδôǮ
ľɻе˼޼Ϊ֪ЩʳͰ֮󣬱ضǾϸӵ֣©ͲϸӾӲ˸ϵ
Щزô᣿ô˴󵨣
ԣʹֻ죬ѵĲʥϹ
ɵЩģ
ȻǸҵģϾ
˳˶٣̧ͷˣɲ⣬ʣ;ʲôϵ
ɲް˿ͷЦŻشȻйϵġ
ŮӲ飬һһ˵ΪǱּġ
˵գźۼüͷĵ׵뷨ȷּȴδ뵽λǰ
λ˾ĵѾԴ֮λ뷨
뵽鷿ǷԾǵţĵһһΣ˶ҪѾ˼ȥ
û뵽ɻ˵ҧΣ۽£˵ǵĻϸ
ϱ֮ˣүҲ޿κ𣿡
޿κεˣ˻ˣ롣
ֲã뾸ǰ
ĵΣҲü⣬һ޼ңǣô
νĹǿ˭ȨƸˡ
޼Ҷ˵Ȼ־ֻܼз
˼ţָ̲סض˶еӣɫӡ
ȴ룬⻰ʱһʳָ˵ĶͷЩΣں˼Щʲô
ŶͷЩίؿɶߣЩȻȥͷ˸ոյĻ⣬šüˣ
ˣ˵Цų˾䣺ǽ
˵ţϵĶȴᣬЩ衣
ף΢죬Щ޴ʱϷͻȻսζض˵
ǲܽ£ֻǼȻиʡʡķӣֺαԶ֣
ܾĻ⣬ʴˣ죬ȥ
ȴǲգ˲䣬ʣţÿףЩʱ򣬲һҪԼ
úһ֪е˼ôһ˲䣬ЩᣬЩۿ
ǿԣȻҲ£Լ
ֻǣ֪û˻
ƺһǡᣬúЩѹΪʱеȷʵ⣬ȴ岻ǰ
һӣЦúŴҲЩᣬɿĵ΢Ʊһ£۾µɣصͷһ⣬ӡõĴǡ
øҪشͱǵóһϥ齱ߣһȣ˵ϣּۿؽ˷˸ԼϣõĻ
طһЦüۼá
ǰֳ˲оȣһʱ֮˸ոҪشĻͨ죬סþò̧ͷ
ãϷ˴ЦҪһֱţ
ñߵòУ⻰æҳɫͨȴ§סЩεСЩ
ողǾۣһ㶼ϸš
ñ˰죬˵һ䣺ôˡ
һո˵ĻԼҪ˵£벻ˣֻţϽӵ顣
û⻰뿪ʱƳһĨɫ֪ԼŪˡ
һҪ۵úۣοǴ
û˼£Ѱ֮ǰʥʹ͵ҩ࣬׼ȥѰȴ˵ƽ߽֣δü£Źˡ
֧ҩϣֻŮۣδҩ
ܹ޷ҩģ磬Ըȥ
š
лҪ˵񵥳ʱ̬ˣ
Ĳ֪Ϊɶ

СʹҼӲӸǼ
أ


 33 

ʱѾʱ˼, ͬߵׯҲվԱ, ƺ˵ʲô, Ŵ汻򿪵˶ʱͣסͷ, ߿
˼˿, ǰס, ɵɫЩ, ׯȴһ, һȴ۶Ц⡣
ñׯӵ߿΢, ϵĺ⻹δɢͷɷ˷ӣϽž˼뿪
뿪ׯߵ, Цʣүǽҩˣ
۾ЩãׯӵĻʱһ䣺θɣ
, ˷
ׯһҭƲƲ죬ĵװ, λ·Ȼӣ֪ԼҺүմ˼ΣƫԼҺүƵԼ涼оһ
ׯӲ֪뵽ʲôЦһ£˵үո˵ѰЩ飬ˣϸ
šü飿
Ҳ֪
ɿһۣüͷȴûٶ˵ԭҪõҩ࣬˵һȥ
ϸ룬νôժ˳ش뾩ǡ
ʵδز֪õǵʲôһݼٵĻȴǼ䷽㣬ֻһ㣬˼ٵݣ˳
Ҳڶ壬ǵһӡ
ûҪίԼϵˣĶΪҲҪ˾ţСشŲС
ĵüңΪ˴£ڴ֮λվӣЩĵܻǰܻȡһ㲻̫Կ
Ȼ뵽֮ǰǲԸͬߵģһǸСǡ
һߵûص֮˺Ȼ˵ٷ˻ˣոү˵ٷͬүһظ
˼ʱɫ±˿ߣæͷ
ɫκǳЦӦƳԼеӣĵشӡ
ԭ룬Ҫһͬദȴû뵽Լˡ
߿ȥƼ޸ˣž˼߹ȥ
յûˣýȥһˣɰŰͲ豭ĬĬ˰ΣԽǱˮݸҹǱǵˮ
˿ûԥǵһˮȻ򿪲Լ˿ϷմȾĺɫţһ㽫ŽˮУˮʪ
ֱ洫ЩòŲؽǺãʪ͸߬ġ
Щ˾˼Դ밲ӱƿ񮂴һɫ߽ͷЩ⣬ʱɫ΢Щ˸ȴҲ޶顣
Ѿޱطڱ󣬾͵ͷ£һԲ֮ǰǱˮϸϸš
񮂿⸱ģЩȣ־Ȼ˵֪񣬵֮£ĵײް˿٣Ż˸е衣
ֻվף⸱ģĵɾЩ
ͺǣ̬ȴ
ȥһ꣬δ޹ԺӣҲãʱͤΪ巽ģΪʹˣ¶һ˿ʱϲʤ
ⷬ䵭̬ȣ΢Ըвʵۣĵ˼ֲã˿ڣΪ
ǰŮһűӵһ䵭͸ίҡ
˻һĵ׵Ĳɢ˼֣Щ͵䣬һ٣˺΢šüӲ˲䡣
ۿ죬⸱ⷬĬһˮȴʲôû˵ڰϣԼǱˮֵͷȥ
񮂿ϵǱˮȻЩ֪顣
ͻȻλ븮֮󣬺ƴδعݸҲܲµݸֻ֪Լ֮⣬һС
񮂺ЩֶǱˮһ²豭׻˵һ䣺պͷײϡ
⿴Ǳˮ꣬΢ɣ߲Ⱦжǿ˭Ҳ֪ڣӹȥǻþ
뷨δȥ񮂵ĻͻȻúЦ
ʱܷϹգܱܾͱܣ
ֻ۵ףֻܷˡ
Ӧ£ЩζںϲܷΪʲôһҪǣ
ûϵˣܿ죬һжҪˡ
Žռ˵Ļ¾Ҫˣһ޸δӵˡ
û޸أ
ò˵ոһϢ
֪ϳϦҲ޹˼ɵ£Ȼ˺֮ǣյ֣Իֻġ
޸ʱǡÿܷվڸſڣɫĴźʯʨĵüۼɫ˼òƳһۣջߣž˼˴š
ܷ߽ȥҲ⣬ֻ̧ͷ񮂣ƲƲ죺ôһͬˣ
Ц£ӵڵ޵֣˵ˣǰԺȥ
ܷǰʵܺú壬񮂲һ仰üЦͬһǰԺȥ
Ժӵ·˴ԺһۺȹūСźţ̧ͷһСػԶԶƹȥ΢ӡ
˼ҲƼһĻƲƲ죺ưġ
Ϊ£ٷҲֱײү֮飬̶̼գ̫飬ֱ꣬ȴԽ
ò̲´ǣŰɣҪȵصү檣ҲǱүԸԸӦ
ܷԸȥο񮂶ܷĻɲ٣Ҫܷģض֡
ָ˸壬ջߣȥ
̥󶥶ŵ°ˣʱһãûдǱߣ㹻ܵˡ
ֱԺӣƲһ㣬еӵݸ˼ˣ°ɡ
ŮӵǲӵģǱ˼ȥпҲ˵塣
˼ͷֻʪ͸ģеɻȴҲս죬ʲôûʡ
ѾϣȻ˵һ䣺ˣЩү
ãū澻ᶢŵġ
ԣóǳǳЦ£
ǿǡ߲񮂺ܷôˣܹӵùȥ
ƽֻ߽ùţþͱ˼ȥϢˡ
¯˼˳ȥͶյ£ĵӰЩʱǲѬˡ
˰ȣķ͸񴵽ɫʱǾĵģİϵһյ
жֱֹţ΢˲ѹ
ڴߣϾԴؿɫĳ۳ĵЩһüңǣˣоΣɺЩˣ
ʮֻֽ£ҵɢţµ̧֣ۣܿӡŵۣ΢٣ɫЩȴһƿߡ
ȾϺϼ˳֣취ҲޣЩŴļ⣺үô
ůůĹ⣬һ컣ָɨŴнҩݸҩ
öȻȥʱ˵Ļ΢죬æ裺үްˣ
ûѥӣϣÿһĶ˶촽ջû˵ʲôֻ˵Ǿ䡰Ϳҩʱ˲䳯ˣۿߵüҪ졣
ɿ˵ǵŮӣúЦʲô֪ԼʣѲɻҪ伲ҽ
öҪˣŮӡҩģ˰Σűһ䣺ҡԼ
Σҩݸȥ˵
ԼͿУ
ÿıӰǶΣЩйҧҧùҩָ࣬ԼǴͿҩ
ʵδƭһչȥͺ˲٣ǴЩۣȴҲǲܡ
ҩͿȥЩ⣬ò۽ޣҪѪָǴУǱֱ˽ż⡣
ɱӣϤϤŮǳǳĺߣܿŮӱֱĽż⣬ѪָȻЩڸ
ǵãҹҲƼŮ㶯
תָĶԽԽ죬֪˶ãŵ͵ͿڣЩƣˣ
Ůӵ͵Ӧغ˿תͿŮñӽԼڵʵʵΨ¶޳㺹
õͷȥץŽָЩ۰ף͸Щ컡
ֵ˵ִЩ֣
̧ͷŴһɿִ̧ģɽһ˵ֽ䣬ȣ̵Щ֪룬㶵
ɴżֿƵ£ƽ߽ʱͬ˵ʲô
΢㶺󣬲ŶȻһ˿գæֱӣүһ¡
ɿֱƿԼʹ˴齣üңƲ¡
ӴϳһľӣһУóһƿ
ɶȻüͷ˿ЦɢȥϸЩɫҲʶҪ˵ĲʲôС¡
ǵŴƿ˵Ǿ仰Щȣšü˵ÿģҩ߲ã
ǻֻҩЧʵȣ˽ҩʥǰʹͽٲˡ
֣صص˵ͷµ鼮Уȷ˵˴ЧˣҽҲҡ
˵ͻȻΪǰЦЦؿ
һ㵨죬߲ͻô죬㻹ǵһﴳ
ÿͷ˵
ɵͷĴƿ۾Ц˵óҩҲ˱һ¡
òؿȴûи
һǳ
˴߲׳ҩҲеժ۾뾩Ųصᱻ۸
δƿߣֻǵһʣµĻȵɫʳָ΢䣬˲գЦ
һãˣЩ̫ҽоҩҪʥϣ͢ˡ
ţҩƿƳװĶüңȴƿߣȥ
˴ƫͷȥŴϸʣүҪȥ𣿡
ɵĶ΢٣üһ䣺뱾
æҡͷ۾һ뿪
Ȼ˽߲ķӣҪץʱ佫ҩ̫ҽоܵһҹЩȴδأأֵܷ塣
ߣɫͨ죬ŵû̧ͷ
ţѲҪ˵
򴽣俴֧ҩ࣬£΢㶺󣬽ҩŽҲһͬŽľУŽľַŻ˴¡
峿ø˼˵ҹܷǰԺµĶһ٣Ƭָֻ̺Ȼ
ȥƽ߽֣δ񮂣ƽضȹգҲæµӰ
֮ĵ죬ȥԺ밲ɵҲڣú΢٣
⳯˵ͷ밲䣬·һչ˺öӵĺӣʲô˵ҲЦýߡ
ֱϵĻ˼ҪȥǰԺ񮂡
ƽ⻰ֻ޵ؿһۡ
ĵ׾úЦ֪񮂺ܷĹϵȥǰԺ֪ϵȷУҪǹҪˡ
һϵĻһʧ߲£Ҳ֪ʲô
ƽֺ߽òŷּٶȼ죬ҹõҩձжŵһŨֿɬҩζ
ƹȥҩ룬ںҩűɬ
Ȼ˵ҩ跽㣬ȴֱӰ֭򵥣ƽ߽񼫶࣬ǽƳҩ裬֪ҪѶٹ
δһ˼֪æˣο˵Щʱվ±Ҫǰ
ôƽֻ߽˵չȥǰԺδȥ˻ʹ˵ȥģδȥ
˼˵ˣʱܷǰԺ
öЩ˼˼ƣĿĿɲΪ˳ȫ
ֻҪ޸ã鼱֮£²ߣ˳ܷ֮Щӡ
ԼԭȵļƻɫֻĿǰõʱ
еĺӻ޸ĸ磬ֻҪڣʹкûˣҲһ󣬿Ⱦ߲еĺûˣǶ޸Ĵ
ʱգþ˵ǰԺ񮂣Ƭ̣㽩߳
ҲܲµʲôҪȥǰԺ񮂵˼֪񮂲ϲ͹ܵġ
öĴιģþ˼ǰԺΪ֪񮂶˵
Ϊ񮂶˹ȥʱǰԺʹϢȾ˷纮˸ҽ
ʱǰԺĵա
õϢһ˼۾΢ϵЦݶҪڲסóͷϵļֻþ˼ͿЩۣɫȥҰЩųǰԺȥ
Ͷ˵ʱԺѾˣŶվڽһż
иȾ߲ʱ˷纮ò⴦ȥ롣
òźۼɨһȦˣָģ⴫΢ۿǽصŽһǡ
ҽӷ߳˲ͷĺɫ̻̣
ˣүףǡбߣ
ȻסؿڣֻһͷΣæסͻȻ۾ͨ죬ʹ⣺
ҶôôܻȾߣ
ð뿿ھ˼ϣһʱܲסһ죬˲
ԺҳһţͻȻﴫһƺ˭ˤʲôĻҶȻž
ʱܷܽҽ˵һȾߣһڸҽϣ
ӹҽ磡
ȥԺҴƿž˽ȥ˿߲׸Ⱦһ¡
òźۼض˶ָһֱţ˽ȥҲŽȥǰպÿ龰
һص˸ҽĻ̫ȶյºģҲ
ܷסۣҵغţ磬ǴǸӹҽ
лҪ˵ͨӸ˰˫һµ
ͨʵЧʲУǻͺͷԽԽϡٵķ


 34 

òźۼߴܷջأ̧˽ȥҲŽ˵
, , Ǵˣ
˵, ȴһֱ⻰һ˵ûС
ɫԽ, ˫Ŀͨ, ŭһ
΢, Щʱ, ƽ߽, ȻҲ֪ЩȾ߲ʹֻ࣬Ҫһ뵽֮, Ҳǰ㣬ͺ޲ýոǺĸҽϳȥҹ
ܷҶû˼ȥ, ͻȻ뵽ʲôæȰţ磬𼱣Щʱռ˲Ѿоҩ𣿱, ûµģ
ԣһ֮ǰԥǷó׳ҩ, »òײȾߣΪ׳ҩߣǰ׷ѹ
ȻƼһ٣۾һץһþݰ㣬̳
죡ȥƽֵ߽Ĵ죡
ҲæԸ˿Щȥƽ߽֣òźۼϸüȴʲôû˵ɵǵؿ񮂣ҲΪ˽İ취һ
أ뵽ʲôٿüվ⣬ߣһ٣ԼĸҪصȺߡ
ͻȻĶЩԣʹǼҲע⵽߿ȥͿһֱӺɫ
ǰЩӣǧټƵҪǰԺһܵߣͺ޲ܵԶ
񮂴ʱϵɫЩ粻ܲô̼һֱӷŴĵףʲôôˣ
ŵһߵѾ߸Ͻ˳ɫҰףĿİ˵
١үū澲ҡ
Ҳû뵽㷢չźۼƳ˼ˣǲɫһ£üͷǰҲ֪˭æ˵
ҲлźӣǸСЩ
۾һæͷǣүūֻǵĸеĺӣү
ȴһ仰ǵѣ񮂲Ц£ɫĵ׷еĺӣ
ôǾûңǸΨһˣ
ɫ˲ҰףȻڵϣҲʲôǰȥ߬񮂵Ŀţͷŵ״Σ
үū澲Ұū澴Ӳ˼ūһİĽүô룿
ƺû뵽ԼĻ⸱棬Щüһס죬ٿ˵Щʲô
ԭҲĶ񮂵Ļɫ˼ǡеĵľǸΨһˡ
ʴˣڿҪ̧ȥʱæȥסԼҲϽǰ£
ʲôлÿѪ
񮂱̼ⷬ˫Ŀͨ죬ֻΪȾߣδؾûþȣѾߣˣ
Ȼû˼ģ񮂴ʱţǼ⣬϶Ҫе̥ɫÿ¡
վһԿ⸱龰ЩҪЦôҲû뵽񮂾㲻һ
Ƴһüͷ˼ܷһۣ΢٣֪ЩʲôȻһ̣ܷͻȻڣ
ūǰսǰԺȾ߲ǲ̫Щ
ܷؿԭû뵽ģǸոձĻǱ粻ˣūŸеĺӾ޸ΨһѪˡ
񣬱δܱϱĴҰĹʢʲôģ
˻һݼžһ˲񮂿۵һ˿ɱ⣬ǽܷĻȥˡ
ˣôɺϣ
𾪣Щɵؿһۣɵ˵˾䣺Ӧǡ˵İɣ
ϵɫҲ΢٣ʶ˵ܡ
Ƕ˶٣Ҳһ˿ģһۣȥ񮂣˶촽֪ΰǺá
˵ף񮂲ĵ׵ˣ˹⺦ʹֻһֿܣҲ޲ŪˣǣЩԥл̥ô죿
һãȻܷĻͷҡúͲ˹һ㣬ŵ棬ȥϵĴȣ
ˣū澰ūܿȥүأū澸̥װū澲ҵģ
̧ڴǣϷ绯һĻ۵ףЩĵǣһĻò˵̲סĵȾ˼ãסǣǻᱻƳǵЦ⡣
־粢δкܾãưѶ˻ɫտԺӣ㰲
ɺͳ
Ѿ˽ͬ˵ؿһ۵ϹŵƲڿһ㣺ԼԺӡ
еĺӵȷҪǼȻ˲е˼ȥĸӵķǡ
˶뿪Ƭ̣Ժֻʣ¼ˡ
ȻҲǸһ˳ߵıӰüͷȴʲôû˵ž˼Ժӡ
ֱԺӣ˼żѵ˵үǺġ
Ҳ˵үĲ²Ǽ٣δ֤ݣʱУô̧һţ
һȥ޸ҪȾѪˡ
šüͷӦž˼Ļ˼ȴϣ񮂵Ĳ顣
ɫתͷȥԸ˼ȥѰЩ
˼⣺ٷˣҪΣ
̣һֲҩ˺֢״ǳõһֲҩ
ûиֱ˵ôԽԽã
˼һأҲ֣Щ˵ͷϽת˳ȥ
߲߬ҩǴȥģоҩҲܲµоõ̡
ǣҩÿһҩǹ涨õģǶһЩһЩԭҩƫƫڲϾͼп
úһҩ轻ȥȥƽֵ߽Ĳ״̣ҲΪ뵽һ㡣
νϣüۼһ˿ЦȾ߲⸮У˭ȥչ
˼ʱѾʱȥȵһͷȴǽ̴˻
õ˸ˮݸŰϵ̣ü΢Щ
Ҳ£װȥҪϵ䣬ͻȻס΢üЩʲô
˼һϵжЩɻ󣺡ٷˣʲô
û񣬽ҷһԣ֣ˮ
˵ţվȥó˼Ⱦ˼ˮҲûнֱͣӽʣµˮУǼ˽ȥ
ˮʪɫ΢
ʹе̲ãЩϵҲܵˡ
˼µʲôƻ۰Ͱ͵ؿٷˣ
õ˵仰΢Щ㣬˼۾һ˵ͷ
һգ㽫ЩóɹɣǵñܿЩ
˼ֱͷ֪ٷʲôүݲǣٷмƻΪǿĵҲһ
ҹɫ٣ǰԺҲ˴˼ȥǰԺչү
òµĲ࣬һᵽ˭չ񮂣ϵһá
ɫЩȴ⣬ƲδʲôǵӦ˵ţ׷ģϱһúչ˷
һ᲻ȫȫչš
ҹɫŨƻ紵֣ɳɳ죬ӡԷһյ谵ĵԴҩ֮󣬾˼ͷĲҹÿ춼ʰ˱ݵ䣬Լҹ
˼棬ЩҪͻȻ뵽ʲôһ٣ͷװʲôû
ÿͻȻֵˣһɴӣѹүôˣ
ϻȾҹ⣬վڴ齱ߣϸŮӣЩʱžҪټϵҩ豻оҩҩһҪ֮µ֤ݱãҪǣȫȫժһɵþæЩ
ЩʱδҲׯ˵
ڳʱưæߣ͵ϢȾ߲òϣϢʱһ˿ϲ
ӦʱԼþȡ
ϣѰʱ䣬ˣʱŮĻ΢۾ĵĪϵĺȥӣսŮӣ
ÿɾܣ
һ˿⣬Ӻ̧ͷү˵ʲô
ɽǷֲ⿴źۼüңסĵ׵ãµ˵¡
գգ۾ʱŷӦʵǺ£ĵЩΣ񮂲Ǻ֮ǣҲȾеܡ
Щδǰ˵
֪ʱѾѥ˴齣ţ˿ûвʺΣȻִŮӵ֣Щʣ
ӿɺЩ
ñסʱɫȾ˺ϼϣŮǻЩգûл⻰
ֽı˵طΪ§סʣӯӯһգյֻǱɴǲɴŮϸļ˼롣
Щ޴룬ȴĵ׵ɬԴΣ׼
ɸжʲôһֻȭ˵ִ΢ЩȻ
ʵЩʱգׯ˵鼮ӣ滹Щͼ¶Ǵ󵨵Ŀɿڴ
֪ʵÿŮʱ۵ġ
ǻĲͼŮӵļϸ壬䶯˶ɤмָɬŮӳԼ§ýЩ
۽£֪Щʲô֮ȥ΢в¶ЩţЩҿɫ̵ˡ
أϷǣһʲôЩû壬ģӦһ̸оĴӱ⿪һأ֮飬ǵò̫塣
ǵøһ㣬ܲס޵ʱ˺Ȼͣͷźšü΢ƣˣ
Ȼؿ˼ǼЩᣬִżΣЩһҹ컡
лҪ˵үί˻ôۣ
ǣû
꣬ͷ۵
Ӧڼ˰


 35 

ʱѾîʱ̣ûӰ, Ҳס
˼, ƿᣡ
΢, пڴͷŶ, ¶µ, ļӡżö, ۽ǻδɢ, ˼ȡ
ò˲۽, ӣЩ, ʶسĴɨջߡ
ʵ뿪Щӡ
ҹɫδɢ, ƱƿΣ΢üͷ;˽, ͷ˵һ仰ȴǵò̫塣
ʱ, ֪ԭԼ֪ˡ
˼һѣΨ¶Щ۽ǴЩۣסǲ¶ɫ
Ҵùţʾ˼յӿˣ
ٷ˷ģūһ翴ˣǸɵġ
ضЦЦݹӣֽװõϵ䣬ذɫģӡżӾٴɫͷҲһ֧ɫ
˼ˣԥ˾䣺ٷ˴ɫүǷ᲻ã
յΣүǲϲĲСĵġ
ûеһ¶Ц£һɫŻòϲ
Ⱦ߲Ĵϣ˻¸ˡ
ʹĵ׵ȷʵʵĸˣҲͷš
˲δʱ䣬̤Ժǰü£ԼʲôȴôҲ벻ѹûسǰԺȥ
ǰԺʱҵģźūŶĵ׻̻̣ϾӸȾ߲ͷҲû˵ǳߣֻүúƽ߽λͺЩūŶѾһ㡣
Щ˵ɫȴҲ֪޿ɺǣӼôΪ룬չү
ˣùʱǶǵͷԻһ䶼˵
¶ԴΣԤϣδ⣬ĴɨԺ龰ֻ񮂵ıһ䣺үڣ
ҹүչүһޣʱȥϢ
òźۼ򴽣ʹϲܷҲ÷ϣܷ񮂵ȷʵ⡣
ϾͷԷɵķ̫࣬ǻźӵȾ߲ʱҲʶغҪȴǴδôࡣ
ӣȥһݣͿŭֱˤūŷϵĲ豭žһأˮ˼Ļš
üһǽǰûܵϵ龰ֻܿһ˰㣬ǰסס񮂵ֱۣæ˵
ūźòϸ
Ϲŵū⻰пԣΣӲˣɲūŵźòã
񮂱Ҫ̧ͿɫÿҪ޳Ҫǣûһ˿ֻǵ˷纮߲һĵǹɻҲ
˦֣һضǸūţüɲü⣬ɫǰһסߣڵϵū˵
ʲô콫ʰɾٻˮ
ūʹ˸ɫʾȥ˸мææӦ£ϵƬʰɾæ˳ȥ
ĵ׷꣬δһɤһ⣬ִҵؿɫͨ졣
æǵ󱳣ҩˣ
һ£Ⱦⲡֲԡ죬ȣֻûĶܣõĻҲûл
úҲ֪鶨ǲãҲû⣬ȥתã粻
㲻±ҴȾ
һۿȻЩίѿڷ۵ף㱡𣿡
΢٣ۿͣ£šü۵׵ȴɢ˲١
ڣ˷⣬ֻһԸǰչ
˵ףڴʱ䲻˵˵̬ȲԸеġ
Ǹڿ˵ŮˣԴջԺӺ󣬾δ
һղسǰԺܣܼһ涼ϲʤģ
ȻվüģֻΣ֮ʱЩ˴ʵ⡣
뷽ƣڷԸһҹչ֮Уû뵽Ȣ󣬴ٰ㲻õӣȻʱҲԸѣ
ò֪Щʲôֺ̧ݺĨһ᣺ӺԺֻʶһ䡮޼漦޹湷Σһֱŷ
£ճȭüᶨɫ΢
ɫźۼǰܵغۣߣͷһֱ㣬һġ
Կһۣͺӡĵף⸱ģĸ˿Ҫϼ֡
Ҳף΢̧֣ͷ֮ɫɢȥɲӦ
΢ͷüͷȴĶת˲š
񮂿֮Ժӵūź˺ܶ࣬һ
ź˶ҩź񮂷ҩ񮂼ʹϲҲüͷ¡
ףͷֺ۵üΪ˲
˿ü񮂺żϴĵ㣬֪ǲǴ㴫ǶЩ
֪뷨ҲֻǻЦЦ̱Ʒ纮Ĳҩһ֣֢״ͷ纮ƣż̵ζЩ
һʱʰˡ
ȵ߲ױҲܲʱˡ
Щ֮û˿˺һߵĽҴҴϸ᣺Ϣɡ
ҪվʱͻȻס֣Ӽɲһǡô¶һֲɻ󣺡ôˣ
æðգֲ֣ͷ㺹ɫ΢죬ɢƴڶߣǳǳйգᳯЦţȴ޶Ķĵ£Ƭ̣ؾһ嶯
ٴʱ񮂾ƾһɳ嶯סȴſʱȻ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôԺܷҹģƱ£Ȼſͷȥ
¡
òվӣü伸ɲһ˿¶ۼ᣺һԣϢɡ
Ӧº˼˼ǰȥ˵䣬Ϻò΢΢ɡ
ϷһգҲ˾ʮƣۡ
ǿ񮂲ʵģƫ˾˷ܣ֯һôʱľЩ⡣
˼վһԣŸոģĵһڣ浱ԼǸģ˭Ҫǰҧһһ
ĵ׹˼񮂵Ժӣûиҷɧɫ¶һ
ʱòŽȥܷѾ˷
΢٣ɫ˲ѵ
ƼɫĵƬ̲ζЩЩȻΨܷ˿̵񮂣ȥá
һչ񮂣ҹͣ
δǶò⣬ֻǴʱȴǵòڡ
˵ףջΪ񮂣ѡһ
ĵĪЩ飬ܿõ֣΢٣ǿ˳ǣ񮂺ƹĵһ䣺һգЩȥϢɡ
ҧ´ͷȥȾЩʪ⣬µӦ
߳һ̣þܷĵɫ΢
ҹ֪˽ջ᲻ԡ֮󣬲δ˯һյڰϣϣҽ飬ԺϸϸػŽյ顣
أӴⴵһ磬ͱڻУõ̧ȥϴЩ⣬ο˲缷һϣԵЩխ
ɽջһĺɫ£Ƿâü΢ЩãȾһ˿ĪѹЩĵѰ
ûδ˵Ƽ⸱ɫ˶٣ɵʣүˣ
ɲδ˵ֻǿ
򴽣֪ԼôãĵãȻҲʹ˼֡
ƣѹĵ˿ĪΪβͬ˵ȥչһ£
Ȼû뵽Ϊⲻá
˶٣ƽ˵ǺүΪг⣬˭ȥչ
һ٣ŮӰӣĵײ֪ʲôЩɬЩۡ
֪ȥԼ֪ԼϲȥչˣΪ˳ɷ
ԭΪԼģŷ֣ʵȷխ
ǰ˵û˭أ
ȥʩ߲࣬һƳʱȾΪӣչ˳
ԵĵֻһʱδƣЩƢ
ٿȻ̬ȣӲֽ§ýЩ򴦣˲գסԼĪЩƣ
ãȥչá
ƺŰίЩȻЩԼֵ̫£˶촽Щ֪˵ʲô
κͷԼУ˲̧ͷʱ۽ޣϸЩ壺
պͬү˵ɺã
֪ͬദ֮ദ͸û⣬ûһú͸ȻԸ̬ȣҲĸԸһ
΢Цһ
ֱֱүĵ׿ɺЩ
ӣؾһ˿⣬һͿ͵̾˿
һӣ
żͣʵȴ
ʹٲãί˸Ŷԣã
§ڻͷգչ˺Լɡ
ܹ龸¼뾩ί򲻸ٱ龰ٶõġ
ò֪ôͻȻ̬ȣ˿ϧЩãȻȴǹɵؿ֪˼ΪԼãææͷӦ¡
ҹæһգδֻ§˯
뿪ʱɫδ
ԺȻԶҹδ뿪ҲʮڣƫУ˿鷳
չ񮂣þûȥƽ߽֣Ҳ˵ƽ߽Ǳߵ״Ѿȶ
ʱϢܷˡ
˵Ϣ󣬲δþȣҪ֪񮂲֢δ¶ʱ˿˻һģ˵ܷ֮поչ񮂣δ£ǲϡ档
Ϊ£ǰԺźūԽĻ̻̣Ҳο񮂣Ҫͣοϻһλӵٲ÷ȥһЩ˼
ưΪ˾ҪȥݳǵϢδȥǰԺһΡ
ԣɵľǣҪ񮂡
Ժӵʱ䣬Ȼ࣬ǵĳĵװã޸ּһʡ
ҲЩ˼ҲÿƣۣͨǻصԺӣϴ֮󣬾˻˯ȥ
ɿüϸȻӣ۵һ˿ۣʹӣҲÿæţο̫ҽ˵ú
ŮϣжͼŮЩʣ꣬£ɾͽӲٶ
Щ̲ס˵һ䣺ۡ¾ʣһˣ
ֻΪ۶Ǩŭ
ͬɮһռԣΪ۲Ը˵ãһ
ĵײãڶڳʹЩ粻أưΡ
Ǵžӣ֪ݳת˼Ȧ
ݳǹԱ񣬸вˣȥƽְ߽ġ
ư¶һ㲻̬ȣбЦؿưʲô˵ȫĵס
Ǵ⣬Լ̹Ҫ˶һ̹
лҪ˵ǧ֣ǼӸ˰ǲǺŬ
ң
ص㣬иСʹҲصǸʱ򣬲ڸģǣǵ˯Сͺͷ
ӪҺıͶЩӪҺѽлл~
ǵС֣רԤļӸղذɣа~
Ҫˣһøһ¿ں齱ǸǴһģʱֱȻĵСʹĵַټĹȥѽͷͺ
еƫֱӼĹȥΪʣһʷѣȿȿ


 36 

ò֪ɵĶ
ÿյǰԺȥ, ǰкãֱչϿʼ˺, һյĹ, Ǻ, ŧһſεҲ, ȥ, ľ, Ҳüֶġ
һֱǰԺ, ı仯, ̲סز˲۽ޣźۼرͷȥ
һ, ̼ð̱ӣҶƣ޵òѡ
⣬ҪŴ, øͨ硣
˻þü⣬ȴʲôû˵, ζʮţ̱ĵֱġ
˼θذ˰ȥ, 񮂱ķӦֱ̼
Щӣ񮂵Խ粻ԺﱻźвģҲ˼γֻֻǺۣôߡ
ˣմҩ࣬ͿĨϵĺϣǶ΢Щֱŭûӿ֣Ҫ𣿡
һʱ飬ڵϣĳ̲סؿ˳˫ڵϵ͵ţٱм䣬һƷ˿ֹס
񮂵ŭһ٣ҪѵɤȴҲڡ
˫Ŀͨ죬ϵʹ˫ֽճȭĨᣬ¶ڴǰ˵̿ɺãǲͿҩ۵ġ
֮ǰȾ˻ҳ³һӣ˲ֻ̲סίһֱصϣ˿ڣ̼˿ڣһۡ
񮂺һ鴤̲סزƲסҪȥϵĺúذס̲סؿţ
סõģһõġ
ͷźˣ˰סү
ܽæҵܽס񮂣
񮂺䷢˻ۣͨ󲻵Ͼжۣȫ𣬴Ŵŵĺһֱţۣȥӣȴ˿á
кҳţ˵۵״ĵ
òȥʲôɫܶҩ࣬մţ˿ڴͿĨһ߿޵ѹ֣򡢷̡
񮂺ţҹ
С˼ҪѹסúۿȵҪүҶ
СæͷǶ֪ҪҩȻֻԽԽأʱ񮂵ϣʹ⸱龰̼ͷۻҲû̡ͬ
ֻ˿ҩһ󣬱Ǹȴ̹ǵʹ޲ȥ
ǽƣŽϵ˿ȫҩ۵̱һԣͷ󺹣΢
ͿҩСͽһҩ񮂺ºڰ
ԺӲų徻
üҪãΣʹûȾ߲֮Ҳúþһʱ䡣
̫ķ
ӡԷ󣬾˼Щǣٷˣȥū澵ӡ
ԣҲüǱʵѾˣϴ׼ӼѾˣ֮ȥҲѾ˶֡
ϸָڰϣȻһ̧˼
ȥѰҽ˵Ҳ
ûбҪΪһˣԼˡ
˼˼æͷ£һתȥѰҽ
Ѱ˸ҽϢܿʹ˸У֪ȷǲˣ̲סüͷŭûã
ԵˣЩòֵ˭˲֪Щʱգٷչү˿֣ķԼ۵ˣһûãֻһ䡰ûá
˼ңβ˺ģ
仰󶵶תתǴõĶǰֱӺۿؿڴϣ߬ŽָŰףͻȻ˼ɫų졣
ǿǣżʪƣûá
ִˣ泯ǽڴϣš
˶ºδöãͳ˯˵۵ףѾúպ񮂲ţ˭뵽ֽţ
˯֮ʱ֪ǺʱԺغž˼ˮһˮݹվڴǰˣȴǾ˼
ЩεվڴǰŮƻδӳټԺģɫ޲ʣһԽˮιߣˮմʪ˴꣬òѹʶؾű˿ڲˮȥ̧ͷˡ
ɵ͵ЦʲôˮҺȡ
΢ŰΣûҵȥ粵ܲ˵ﻹϢˣ롣
ףʾˮ꣬һ䣺ɻҪ
ö˶٣źЩ˼ص˵ͷ
ҲеʲôȤ˱ˮδݸȥι
۽ޣŰ׾ϸأүԼԡ
û֣ĴߣΣűڽˮ£ȵʿɻҪʱæҡͷ
һ豭ŻϣߣϸϸشŮݡ
үڿʲôЩؿ
ֲ̧˲գŸ˯ѣϸļЩȣ˸ҽʹɫϿ΢šüʣˣ
Ⱦһ˿ǣԣüɲҡҡͷû
Ű׾ز˲ģ΢˵ֻЩˡ
ţȥȷ۲ˡ
ЩʱճȻ֪Բ٣οʹҲԸȥչˣԼȥˣٺò
Щۣ鲻Խش˼ϲ⣬üңЦŵ
Ϊ۱ŲԸȥˡ
˻һݼЩ£òȻ̧첻⣺ү˻ν⣿
üЦȥյߣĥĶ˵ţ۱ع뷿
ȵϢڶϣüûĻֻɢɢļֱۣӣɫ죬̲סһЩ
үֺԣ
ļù뷿ݣ
ȴ룬⻰ί°͵һִ󣬽§סЦ˵ţ
ƱЩԺŷŮֺβͬ
⣬ҲԼŮкβףŮӶȣüۼֹסЦ⡣
ʵί־ߣ
ƫǸùģصˣȴҲЩӣÿɲܣ
ɫ̣ȻЩƻ绰ֺίʵЩãȻЩӣÿҹͬ佻̸ͻ˯˿кβס
ãȻģĵЦСǣԣֲ֮ˣҲޡ
һҧ
õǡɡ
ɫ죬̲סȥ̧ȥĿڣߵӷʪＱţү˵ˣҴˣɺã
üǻҪ˵һʱ鼱ǰ§˲㣬ɤү˵ˡ
ļһ˵ѹĵ׵Ц⣬°㣬βŵͷա
ҹɫҡΣɷŮӶߣĥ㣬ɻۣ
ոһĻ˵ۣΨ˵ʲô׵Ļҧҧ꣬ϸüˡ
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в⣬ȴҧŴûжʡ
ȿ˿ڣżĪЩƣЩˣͬ˵վݳһ¡
һ˸ոյ컣ӣԱߵˣ棿
˼΢Ǿǣ޸ܣӦǲԶˡ
ЩԾȤ֣ȴǻشѲɱƭ㲻ɣ
Щ˼صͷΣ̽Եʣǡ޸ʱɳ䶨
£۾˲²͸뷨üһĨ
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¸մսɷδɢ࣬Ҫ˼⣬һֲúϲϲ
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ĵЩԥôؾ䷱٣ȴҲ˾
ΪãҲǻôش޸һ¡
һ뵽еʥϣ;Щͷۡ
в֪Ѿ뵽ôԶ֮Щʧ񮂵Ĳ飬һ˼
ĺ󱳣մڸУĪҪȥ
˶٣üǱҪҲҪԺӣܡ
ôˣþȣ֪ΪͻȻͲܳȥˡ
ĵͬͣ޸ưոݣף
΢٣޸Ѳɻлᷭ
ҲǲӦã޸ôͣôһݳڣ
ֻɵҪ΢üҲܳȥ𣿡
΢٣µҪҲһ䣬ЦŻش𣺡Ȼǣȥȥǡ
ˣ˽űǡ
չ飬޸һз֮Ϊ֮ǰ㽻Ҳ˿ˡ
⻰òŵͷ˿
ҪͬܳȥǣҪȷȥΣգȻΪ˿񮂲״ԼȥǱǵòʧˡ
գȻ˵˾ǵϢ
װһնδ´˼ڴ齱ߣͬ³˵ţ
˵λòãֻûһֱ飬үү⣬ȴǳЦŵġ
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Ϊ˴޸һ²ġ
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վǰɲδ޸ͬ鷿ڣţ֪˵ʲô
ʱ޸鷿
ưɫǰǰһŹԱݳΪ׵ļԱоһˣüϤ
һƷ٣㲻ۡ
ɫǵؽ̸˴ޣɢüش޸ȥ
ư鷿鷿һˣʣӾûбֳһ˿쳣
ǸϵĹܼңҡҡͷЩɬԺΧסǵ˸ȥ˵Ϣˡ
ưüȵαƵ÷֪꣬⾸ģһѾ鷳ˡ
ʱܼƺ뵽ʲôɵ˵ʲôͬ˵֮ǰһҹˮ
Ƕδ|µˣȻýˮǺ˼
ˮư۾˼
ͻȻԸȥѰɫõŮӣ
ܼӦת£ֻ˳ʱһ£Ż˳ȥ
ɫõŮӣ
ݳڣĸŮòȵùٷˣ
ǣ˵⻰ʹϲٷˣǱϾҲүýȢӣǵĻүȥ˭֪ү֮󣬻᲻Ǻ
ˣٵȵȡ
ܼҽѹĵףȥڳѰˣ뿪ʱͻȻݸƻλδŮ
Ըһȥݸһˡ
ٷòӦҲǲ˶ٵİɣ
лҪ˵ǧ֣Ҽֱ̫ˣٺٺ


 37 

û֪ܼҵ뷨, ǹټ֮Ů¥δ, òּʢŮӻ, ̶һ, ͽ޸鷿
ͽ鷿ǰܼⷭݸŮĻ, ʱüͷ
ŵ鷿, ܼҴͷվһ, ưŻ, һŷȥ, üͷԽԽֻЩ
үĻɫкõŮȫˡ
ưɫ˳, ЩŮòʢߣ˵ģȴûһˡ
߷ֽϣ滭һò毺õŮ, ֬ɫòޣȴüЩꡣ
ǷšݸŮС
۾, ָôڰϣ֮Ů
ǡܼһشȴĵ̾˿
ݸŮòȷ, һͬٷȣȴֲ̫
ЩɣھǷ֮شôõļܿЩ֬׷
ҲûԵİ취òǸ벻˼ۡ
ݸ˼Ůư˵ţȻҲ뵽Լλϱ΢ȥȥݴˡ
Ȼ֪߷飬ѯʾ˼ǰԺ
֪ûǰԺȥһˣȴδôûӣЩūŸҹ񮂣˵ϱ˺ܶĿ
ԣü˵翪ţʥʺ񣬵˶òҪ࣬ĳ͢ƾʱòҲнΪҪһ㡣
̫̺ۣʹ޸պҲ̫ߵְλ
룬˵պǰԺҪˡ
ȥһ棬ǲƣǻΪĵһź
һֱǳ
ûз֮ʱ̵˲ĵزһܱȥҧ
նݲ
һжڰõļƻţ޲񮂣޸ĺҲڣȴû㵽ưж
ҹԺΧʿܲ͸硣
ֻǣΪ˱ȫɳ˽һų
ҹԺͲˮŮӣЩͬͷϵҪЩ
м˲ˮŽ˷Žȥ
鷿ĵ谵һƬţǰڰϴһƬӰŮӵӰӰ֣޳Ĳ΢ɫˡ
ūμү
ˮ
˶ʱšü̧ͷǰŮӣ۾
Ůһּ˳̬ȵͷ񣬷΢͸ŮӵĽߡ
΢٣룬˿Լǰ¶ģ
룬ȾϼŴèԲ۽޾ĵģĵɫ΢
Ǹģĵס
ǰŮƲҧҧ꣬촽Σⷬ˴
ûֻؿˣŮӵСĵףЩҲ֪뵽ʲô
ŮӣȼҪˣĹ˾û˿ĵױ˱ǽģ̧ͷ
̧㿴Ӻڳӣ͸ЩЦЦһĵ˵ϵΣա
ɳȥīŰϣЦʣ˭ģ
Ůע£ͷҪ벻ǰЦţΪԼú¡
ˣ֪Ȥ֪ǰǶû˿ȤϵɫƲס΢ش˵Ļǡ֪ūġ
ݳŮӣ˳ΪԺòãţҲδͣպرн޸ֹ˻ĵ
ԭΪǽԺﳣΪˣ񣬷ŲЩԾ
̧󵨵ӣȻ֮˶Ȳõģ˳˼ͷϸ֪ūźôˡ
ðƵĵ׷ţŮӽŲ˳⺰
ׯӸտһΣʱɫһףǰڵأ¿ܲү𷣣
ŮӹȻԼФġ
£Ϊ˹˵ɫƺǷ˺ܴĴʶԼ˲ò͵£ɫ΢ס
ɴȥŮʲôɫֻЦЦׯϵԽиˣʮ췣
ʮʹׯӣҲԴա
һ˿߶δŮӣ̲ȥ
ڴȥ֮ΣǾͲҪĵˡ
ׯû˿飬潫ŮӴȥŮɫҰףȴҲûһ˿
֮˽
£üδ̧һ䣬ոյ鲢δĵһ˿ۼ
ˣɺδŮˣԸ̽ӣԸҰģŮӲ֪
ޱرȭտʼ޸ڴѼŮӻᡣ
üŶΪ˱
ʹǲش𣬸ոյҲ𰸣һ
˼ʹƫôˡ
⻰κλش
ǵ˸ٷˣŲƽ˾ģ
ư˵꣬鲢ޱ仯żһ䣺Ǹٷ˵ס
ȻŻпϵ˶ʱɫ
͵Цδ˵ȴĪ⡣
ÿ˽ʱ⣬ԡ꣬˿ϻʪ⣬ʪһƬѣӣɴ¶Ƭ״ɵļȾϼֺϼЩɫ
ƼȻǴδ⣬뿿ϣ죬ϴЦ΢ü⣬ǰȥүôˣ
ֻȥϸסδ˵
ʱٳٶۣҲܲԣżСү
ɽ§ڻУһͬУֽϣŮЩǵģ۾˵
ԺһŮӡ
һͷǿ˳ǣү˵
ɷ·ûвĲԾɲŮӵ֣ŮӣüڸЦ
˵ջѰãɾʳԣǽ˳ȥ
ýӲ΢ɣ֪ڶŪԼЩεؿһۣȴҲ˼ֲ⣺ү²ã
ȲǰãǱãɺ˵
Ȼ΢죬֪֮ܲԣȴɲ֪λش˻
˶٣ʣǺүΪβЦ⣿
ɱܶ𣬷һ⣺ݸʱɺã
Цδɢüңƺֻʡ
޸Ĵǲõģʹδ࣬޸˴̬ȣҲƲ⼸һڣƲù
ȴ᲻һ£δʹڹȥ飬ͻȻݸǷʲô
ɫһ٣΢үǡݸҲ𣿡
̰жȻֻϵֱʣǣ֪㣬ݸǷУ޴ӵ֪
ǣݸ޸׽жţ޸±ݸôΪԼıǰ̡
΢٣ֻ֪ôݸ̬ȣû뵽뵽˴˴
˲ŮӵգЦ˵ʲôҷģ޸ǰݸݸ벢ࡣ
Ǻ˵
ʵʵǣݸӵĹλ̫ͣƷҲһǰģֲݳǵĺġ
ᳶǡ
ݸʵ⡣
Թȥ㲻ļҡ
ϥһԶŮ׳谮ŮȻġ
ڼ䣬ԼСԺǽǲŲʣΨһĵģֻˡ
ϲŮ֮λϲòԣǰ£һĸڵĵŮ۲ܹöã
ϡǵѪԵ飬Ƕʱĥ
šüͷΪڵģ§ýЩ˽ⰢðˣĪҪٺ˼롣
˰Σջûн˵˵
ݸǴ˵ͽİˡ
ûعȫȻ֪Բô࣬ЦЦүˣֻȥ£һʱʧˣүұ˵ү
ɺЩˣǳ£ҲʲôõĻ䣬αض룿
ЩûڣոԼʻˡ
ʵûʲôүӦ֪ĸţ治ǵŮĸӣȥˡ
Ц⵭˵õȻ㲻ϺãȴҲܻȥ
˵òǼٻݸʱҲԹ񮂺ûǰԹݸʱˡ
ϾŲʣʹȴҲȷδأǷ뷨ٲδʵʩ
ݸǰ̣ҲǻǷˡ
ɳĬĸͬţ˾ǵʥϣٰ۰ϺүһֻȢһˣҲΨһӣûĸȴ
ĵ׷Щ⣬۽ǣƺЦ˵ǴòãǱ氢óɺã
Ȼ۵׵ϧòЦ£ү˵ȥˡ
ɸ˸Ůӵķ˿գЩᣬȴδش⻰
òãȴҲȥ
ĴȥҲա
ԺеޣӲСƣĵ׶Զڱ߹صϺүЩмʱЩİȣĹ͡
ȥڣҲί
ܵίûмȴҲҪŹ
лҪ˵쿨ģд賿
޸ܿoverݸQ
ΪûпɽŮ޸ˣͲݸ
Ů֮ľᣬ˿ɻˣ


 38 

ճ, 鷿ˣλޱ飬๵, һб, Ūе, ޵عһ˿Ц
ƳһۣЦ, ΢, źۼɨ·ư
ʥּ, Ļűͬ˵, ݳһŮ, λŮӻ֪ϱľ߻ơ
, Ǵһ£֪ҪĻǵõ֧֡
̲ջߣһ̯, Ҿ
鷿ɢҲк뿪ղ, ˷ǣǷһ顣
ֱܴܲվӣ迴ʲô̶ȡ
ת, ޸ѽҹŮƻڶԣĺãƼǰŵʱüҵЦ΢
ҪĿб߿˾Ϳ˿ڣ¹²ףүˡ
ȺưûеõϢ֪ҹʧˡ
⿴һۣЦһ˶δֱԽ߿
ͽԭصưɫıӰ
ɵ۵΢䣺̫ã̫ˡ
ֵȷЩ
תϵİָЦȲҪǱ˰ɡ
Ц⵭˵ţǹ˹֡
ȥ޸һѵʱ޸ʱһȺˣ˼ܽڼ䣺
ٷˣԺ֪ͨ˵ݸٷˡ
ñڴϷҽ飬⻰һɫ΢պүݸһ£ݸˣ߿ǣ
Ĭһ˼ɻ󿴹ҽ飬ʣ˭
˵˼£Żش𣺡ٷ˵á
ã
̲µ˭ˡ
ϸü˲Уʲô
˵ǱЦˡ
Ǳͼıˡ
һӺԺŮӣݸ˶֪ʲôʵȨڸҲ޵λǾ
Ǳͼıˡ
˻δԺӣ΢üһ꣬ݸӲˣ֮ˡ
֪˻߲ҳܣͼıС
˵۵òˣȻȥӭӣοΪճҲûȥӭŮĵˣڴϣ˿δ
洫ĽŲʱ̧ͷƼ߽һŮӣ̺ɫȹװб巢٣Ŀˣ߽Ƽϵˣüͷ
˵
мò˿δӣĵЩζͰܹɲЦЦûϵŮȴȻôˣ
ҲڼԼҪĿģʱЦģҲһ˿ǹУ
˵㲡Դĵ׷Ų£Ÿ׺þòܽ㡣
һ˵ʮ
֪ʵĹϵҪĻ⳶˳ǣӦ̬Ȳ׽
Ц˵˼䣬òӦɫҲǺЦ˵
֮ҲδظŶһ⣬ĵʮֵǽ㡣
˶˼òТ˼
˼һֱüٲ˽Ҳ֪ö˸á
ǰһݶԣδ÷ҸŮɾظݶҲ˫һһҲ֪𣿡
û˵ǷҼܾϱҵҪ󣬲ϲ޸Ȼ޸ڹ
ֱӶײɫ΢ž˼ЩãһѾҲѵ
վǼǵ޸ֲ
˽ɫüͷƺΪøеЩ⸮ϾؼңҲ̫Եˣ
˳ⷬ䣬ȥò޸
ϵպԲù
ֱӽӣ˼˵ȥƽյҩɺˣ
˼һۣźۼƲƲ죬ԸһԵˣϸչٷˡ
˵΢󣬻ƳУ˵һ㣬ֱɫЩ졣
ͰｿţǲԸһ˵ί²˵ˣ̵õǺá
˷˲ˮýӹģԣƳһۣ̲˵
ҴӸϼ޽ʱһ޺ѾߣѾ߶ǸϽ̵֮ͽģȻǺõġ
˻һݵѾ߶ͷ¶˼Ц
һҭһĵף⻰Ǻ˼
޸ѾߣǺõġݸģͲˣ
Сֹһ䣬ȴݶֲõ˵޳ȥŮͬóȥˮ治١
ýˮݸѾߣüҲΪĻֻЦҼǵöҲ˿Ҫ޵˰ɣ
Ǽ޳ȥŮأѲһӲˣ
ҪˣǶһ
⸱²ؼմմϲӺζ
˲Ȼе˼˶촽һۣڲ˵
ˣ˳ȴһݣ˵
ֻݸȨ˵ٺҲû˻
ѹѹĵ׵ĲãĿģùˡ
üԼ˵ˣ˾Ȼδ뿪źۼӡ
һʮ꣬ȻǺϤһδΣҲı˶ࡣ
Ѿȷˣ븮ͼıݸ޸ܶͽˣôô׵ؾͽ޸
⸮ϣֵ޸¹ˣкˣ
һ룬ñɲµĵЩɫҲ͹ѵֱͿ£Ǳ뿪ɡ
ɫ΢٣֮Ĺϵ˺ƤҲͬϷֱ˵δã²ʱѾͬ޷˵ˣڸչ˽㣬Ըտ
˵ףδÿ۵ףʼգãҲŮӼҼϲһˡ
ԿһЩҲ˴ֵرֳҾбĿģ㵱ڡ̬
ЩЦˣҲ֪޸ȻͬԼٷҲûС
еģЦ£֮Զ׼
ȻҲ֪ݸʲô⣬ǲǼݸҲǵһˣǾ㣿
Ů֮£ݸȻǵһˣϾλεӰǰ
ɫ˲Ȼվãʲô˼
ɫһ£ݸƲ壬û뵽޸ȻҲ֣
ǵǸ⣬ȻɳУ
ĵЦʵû˰ɣҲС
̫ϤˣƽﱻŹˣȥźˣ
ںĵ֪ڳòɫһһף̲ס䳰ȷ
Сұ㲻ףĸʲô
Ҳ룬ʲôţۡ
ʹһò޸񣬲ɶؿշ⸱߰
н׳仰ȻˣõʵһĵЦʱֵÿˣ
գҲԣԹȥݸ£˭Ů۵׹
Ϊǵÿ仰ʹȴһϯ˵꣬һɫûб䡣
վţڴϵһȴӸһ㣺
˵ˣ
ɫ΢һһ䣺
ֻҪһղһӶŮڴϣݾԶҵͣ
ɫͨ죬ָã˵㡪
ʵĵ׺γ֪
ɰôδ֪뷨ǳɲˡ
˵ף̫ͣǿɷģƫƫ븮ʱǼ֮ԣʹ谮һ˫ŮݸȨ꣬һ㣬ĳⱲӶܷ
к޵ҧΪôںճһݣ
ΪܾǻݣŴԺȢһŮͷӣңĸԸȥң
ЩвģǴӲȥǡ
ԣư̸֮ͬ󣬱ظ˵̾ʹӦ
ȻŴԺﶼͷӣβƴһѣ
ӾǶձȨݸ߹޸ǰҲǧúðջᡣ
οͨûУܵüһִݱһԾϣΪΨһŮˡ
ֻһۣܲµ뷨ĵЦ˹֪֮ЩȴԶ
ʱҲԼµ˾ͬ£ȴ£Թδᡣ
źۼ򴽣ǰУɵý֮ոᷳ
лҪ˵ҵˣͲֹˣҪŶ


 39 

Ѿ߽ǵͷ, ÿڴϣ˼ҩͿɫͨģ, һü, Щ
ݶ, ٷ˽Ӳãɱٷˡ
˵Ż, ˼ҩݸ, һߵǵؽ˷
Ҫѵ, Ѿȴס, ҡҡͷС, ʱ䲻ˣǱŴСˡ
һü, Ѿ߸ʹ˸ɫһ鲻Ը˵Ǿͷ׼ˡ
غҩ, ͷҲû̧˭µģȥ˭СԺӣڲء
о۾, ôҲûвµӲ˵ˣµġ
Щɵšüͷ, Цȥ޷ˣ
϶òңΪϱȥ鷳ţ
ûֻûˣ˵ҩݸ˼ü⣬˵˵յҩЩࡣ
˼Ƴһۣ˵ٷ鲻ãžҩЩ
һԣǸոȰеѾ߶üͷؿһãĵ֪Сվǲһˡ
˵˾ʲôԭŭжʱ޷ҲǵĴңð£ʹϲУҲع޷һġ
Ȼ㲻Ը£ǰо͸ˡ
˵ÿȴǺݺݹһãת뿪
еһ뿪ӡԷͳװ
ü΢һѾ£ʱ˼˵ٷˣݶСڸУ
ϡУϾݸ޸̫Զʱ·̣ޣ
ü˼Щƣ˶ǲ˵
򴽣뵽µĿģĵЩ꣬˼Ըȥţʲô
˼鲻ãæӦ
ɫ˼ȥʱȥţŴ߳ȥ
дʱѾ쵽԰ɫЩߵѾߣ
СɻǵóǰԸСĪҪСͻ
ּҶ꣬ۡѳΪˣ
ԣüͷвȴٷƢ
ʱѾ˵ʲôӣСֲǲ֪αͬǳűٹˡ
⻰˵ĿЩЦ⣺˵öԣҲǿˡ
˱̼¶Цĵ˿źж꣬Ȼ֪еƢԣͲӡ
С㣬ǼԺӵıؾ֮·ˣСͤһū澸Сš
˴ʱ֮ͤң̧ͷܿͨŵ¶ţֻҪͱػᾭ˴Щϸ֪ǵϢ
ʲôչãһڰˡ
ҹŮ̽·֮ãֱ֪׵õĺư̻˷ʽ
磬ͷ磬û˻Сơ

鷿ڣͬ棬ϰŵǼۣУĿġ
ֹ̰ǲ֪
üͷԽԽȴؿϣ̧ɫվ
ʱˣ»ٴɣ΢͸ˡ
̤ʱȻס֪޸УӦ塣
֮⣬λҲܲ
ɻͷüңЦģ
֤˽óҩ㹻ˡ
棬ȻҪĲǽŮժô򵥡
գɫ磬ӰȻذɡ
ɣӰ˻Цⲻ䣬¡
߳鷿Ƿ鲻֪³ˡ
һ·ԣֱص޸ʱɫѼҰϼȥӡڻ԰̺ȹװŮ϶˷ɫüۼȾһ˿̾
̤¶ţŲһ٣Ůüۼ䣬תŰָĶͣ£ǳһ˿Ц
ú䲻һĸòȴ
ƣȴ
𣬵Ϊ˷н٣˼Ҳ˴ܣԼ׽˼֡
ԹͤŮӳ̬յõϢȻ֪˭
ͬһ̳Ůӣ˴
˳ǣƿߣδע⵽ֱӳԺӵķȥ
ǱߵŮӷ·տʱңͤ񣺡Ůү
̧ˣ۵¶ޣɫȾϺϼĿİкӯӯɫ
ɵĽŲͣ£ƳһۣĪһ
ʱǰһֵǰ˺󣡡
Ƴеķɫ˵ȴ̧һֱۣӶԭͷֱӡ
ĵֱģոһ˲䣬Ȼ⡣
ջߣԽһ仰Ҳδü˵ֻܿԶȥɫ΢սȴ׷ȥ
˵ĻӾӲб򲻿һһ
ԶˣѾ߲ǰаӣ̱ѾϣͷҧԹ
̫˰ɣ
ֵס
ͷԼѣ̺ɫȹװܳƳɫϲɵ˱̣ϵױݿǻˣ
˱ԣ鸴ӣ׼Ҫ˵Ļ£Եؿһۣش𣺡δ
Щɵؿ˱̣ױ⣬Ǹոռ㷴ӦҲޣ
òȲãݳȴҲһҲĸ
˱ɫɰοǼ鲻ãδע⵽С㡣
ɫ̫ƵòСģǻʱ䡣
ҧҧԺķۣĵЩģ뵽ոռҪ˵Ļȥ޷ˣҪסںδ
Զ˵ɫãʹüһƴЦǿһۣ֪ĵš
Ůӽ鷿ܲϲŭǲˡ
ȴжŭ˵ףҲΪðˣ򣬼ʹпվǰƤӶһ¡
ɸ̤ԺӣݼҹӡԷþòųһֱڻ԰
ʱЩͷ۵üġ
δ˵ǲģ񵹺ãֱܽԺӡ
δ鷿תһȥܿʧӰ
ж˳Ժȥһˣʱϸմѹܣûнչֱһ䡰ûáǽһӡ
ɫ˲ʱһһףãʲôǣ֪޸ﲻĴڣҪֱȥʹˣ۵׻й¶Щߺޡ
鷳꣬ûʱĻƳһۣ
þ˳
֪ԼλϱģƢԺõΪһ˰㣬ܱҲеı¡
ڸ˵һȻҲ˼еĸܣ˵ͰмҵɫЩѿ
ȴûпǱ߾͹ĵˣ˼ֱָӽˡ
гԺӾҪԹ˱ɫһ䣬סֱۣСĵؿϵѾߣЩ۵ѣ
С㣬ԣ
ǰѾ۵ؿǣȴҲ֪ǿˣ̲˵޸ݹ˵ʱ˼ٳڡ
ʹһԺӣõԺӲԶϾչٷ˵ġ
ѾĵҲֹٷǶһˣôݶôࣿתһ룬ݶ־Ȼ
ԺѾźţźв˱̽ŴؽֻҪҲȥˡ
˴ԶһԺߵĶЩɻ󣺡˭סȥ
ûԵӣôڳһԺ
ѾСĵطĻ˵ٷ˵ãٷˣ˽ס˽ȥ˵ýЩչٷˡ
ΪˣӻδԻȴǲ·䣬£Ҫӵ̬
ѾߵĻüͷɫЩӡ
ٷ˵ã
˲֪ȴ֪޸´ٷ˲ģչˣ
Ķ΢٣֪Щʲô
лҪ˵趨УоǱе㡭ȿȿ


 40 

ɽʱ, ûڷҽ飬ɫ̲, Ʋе뷨
͸ִڴ, Ů, ᡣ
Ӵһ磬ñ֪, ָҽһ, ʶ޸, Լ˼, Ļ, ĵЩ꣬ȴǲ֪ԼΪ
ŷ۴, Ҳ̧ͷһ濴ģֻ˼ȫȻ档
߽ͼ۽, ҽϣüңЦЦ
߹ĶС, ж̬ᷢⷬ, ǹⲻԸԼˡ
һȭ˵ִ۵׵ЦЩ
ʶ¶ѣȴǲֹƢμһʱ棬ҲûпڣֻǳƽһӰͷס˹⣬ٿϵݡ
뿴ʱǷ񻹵֪
Ůǲ֪һ㣺үˡ
Ц˲ɫǺ죬֪ԼСϷ类˿ȴûн¶յתȥ
üȾЦȥֱȥӱ§ڻϣĶЦʣ˭˰ã˵氢ó
ŬѹסЦ⣬šüͳȥЩίò
ȵϢöȾһĨϼͷȥ鲻ԽЩģˣүɿҡ
֪յ²οͬԼֻԼԣδ˵塣
һƬ⣬ᱧԹֻէд⣬֪ΪΣЩƫֲȴܶ˵
ڻĵŤŤӣɵɫ˲ЩԾݵ£§Щ𶯡
˵ĲԾ֪|µﻹ֪ǺηӦ½Ӳٶ
ָ⣬ĵ׵Ƿֳ嶯ƽϢŽɿЩתԼţֹ˵򦣬ϸϸŮӣü۵۴һ˿䣬Ƶ档
ñȵգӲܿƵسȥҶʱֳס齣գգ۾ʣ
үڿʲô
ɵЦưÿһ˱ϡ
˵ǣһƬϼƫͷ˳֣ӷһˣү˵㡪
ҧҧЩ˵ȥȡ
£һʲô
ö̬ⷬʵΣӣٴȴûз§׷Ŵ𰸣ţ
ñ˰죬֪ǲ˵𰸣Ҫ׷ʲͣе⣬
˵üã
üЩ⣺Ҳñ˵á
Եؿһۣ˴һﻹǵøոԼĵ׵Ĳ
˿׻еˣͻȻ˵һ֧ҡδôձ
òޣҡһһҡǾɫ֪ġ
΢ò˵ϲҡģûĸŮӲΣֻǽճж֮ټϸϵļ򵥴磬һ֧˿ҡﵹǶ
ү뿴Ҵ
ӣͷĵ΢ʵصͷ뿴
˶٣䣺ֻ뿴һ˴
Ƴһۣͷȥȴ鲻Խ̴ǣʶѹѹ˻Ӧ
Ⱦϴɫ鶯ʱ˶ͷĺŮϣŮӶ˵ʲôƵŮβ죬ֹסرֱ˽ż⣬һɲǣ˷סĴ
͵͵ĴϢﲻͣϢϤϤĶ֮ŮЩȴڱ§סʱ򣬻ָЩѡ
ӣϷĺɫᣣأһ䣺
үɼˡ
ʳڵһ˲䣬ؾЩ
žƬֹ̣ס߬˽һǣ֮ŮǶЩĵİЩίҧ´꣬ٵգգ۾ֹס۵׵ɬ
ʻʱ£ŷӦ
չڰʲô⣬ڴ֮ǰδ뵽ʳ
ȴò˵һ˲䣬ĵ׸Щϲ⣬֪Ϊʲôȴüҡ
ܹ鲻Ϊʲô˿ѯʴ£ʹιϵʵûô⡣
ʶظ˸ĺ󱳣ϸĴʱŷӦ˴ʱδŴƣԭƬ̣§ڻż˵ĺ󱳣ʵػش
ţˡ
ŮӹֵذüͷתͼŮӷۿΣֺֺЦָ˲β
öԼûģǴδŹ
̿⸱ģ˵δͬ˵
Щͷۣ޸ƴһѵľٶΪҪǣҪһſ
ǵͼ˷㣬һȴǶͷϣ˵֮£Ҳǳ
ЩȣΪʱعҲԼŵΪЩ飬ĵ׵ȷЩԼһ˵ү˵ƭҡ
飬ЩҿˣǺү֪ã
һ㶣Цˣüۼƣòǵһ۾ƳĹϵãˣ
˫ӣ뽫ԼʹˣҲزסеľȣӺҪѪ
ʱ뽫·ȴǲˡ
ǿתüң˱ˣ
úתתһίģʪӣͰ͵ؿϣ¿Щҳ
ǣɳŴЦ£ļţźۼָȻգǲΪò˵
üûã˱죬ס֣̽£ϸŴ㣺ҡմҡү
˵ף˵ʲô£һ룬ᣬҲί
û˱ķӣ֪ΰ죬ո˵뿴Լҡʶؾ˵˳
ѹķȣصͬ˵˾ʲôõɴӣҡͷҪˣ
С
Ǵ齾ô󣬼ʹ˵ߣҲûãɰ֣׵ؾͽ㿪˶׽˻νڻգպ壺ֻһأţ
ߵβ죬ȴĥһۣҧ˵ֻɡһء
˵ȻǿӲȴСĽŴŴЩŹ
ӣٵѹƤӱܺһأһλ֪£ԲܷŹλᡣ
ѯ˼䣬õҪĴ𰸣´ƾżѰױ̨κУһͷüڽеŮӡ
Ƭ̺󣬺ȼգᣱ£һ֧ҡŮӷϣŶ䣬ҡһһΣӡŮպϼļ
һзƽ˾ŮӵЩɳƣ˶Ĥ̱صڴϣֹסؿ˼ȥ
üҴЩ㣬ӱӵסŮӣһҹδϨ
лҪ˵¶үĶȥˣ
ʱĻܻһͷͺ


 41 

͸Ŵսʱ, ò
Щ⣬뿿ڴϣ˼ˮʪ͸, , žЩ
Զ˶, ;ʹ֣þ˼˴򷢵, ɲ˵Ľ, İõڴϲ
һҹ, Щ̡
˫, ˲֪ҹ֮, ߵزˣ, 泯ǽڣ˼ľٷ˵ױ̨ô˷
һ߬ûĻ
һ, ôһ֧ҡ
˼ɫͨ죬Ȼٷ˽Ϊ˱ӣûдҡױ̨Щ, Ǽǵһο֧ҡٷ˽Ϊϲһ֧
֪յ, ֻ͵ȥĸƤǳĸɳ£ҲҪÿ
ñͨ죬ҲЩţҡûˣ
˲ʶҡȥ򣬵Щͷ۵üͷЦãæסҪ˵ľ˼ҧ˵
˼֪ҡȥˣţ
˼Ƽͨգ˲ȻһƮţ뵽Լո˼ϽڨЦٷ˿ɾöˣūȥ˴š
ʱڳһЦ⣬洺磬ɫƼ˶ȣ˿֪ôʱľȡ
ֻׯӸ뵽տ֧ҡ˳顣
үŴӾ֧ҡȥʱׯһĮ˿þȡ
ֱɵòžúЩ£δ´
վ˵бסԱߵԺӣ֪еڻ԰ʱ֪ڴʲô⡣
żһУùһκþͲˡ
벻лʲôԵķӣܹˣ
öҩ룬֪ɶû˼һֿϷ£Ծ˼Ըţȥƣʲô
ûеڶݵģ˼Ȼ֪˵˭Щ⣺
ٷˣ㲻ˣ
ϢʱٷȻû˵ɫȴ˲ǳСźţķ
һ˵ʲô
׷ףϽߵˣˣϽȥ
˼ͷȥ֮÷üͷЩȻطҽ顣

ҧҧ꣬˵Լʱ飬ЩȻԼΪĵײˡ
ȵ˼Ż񣬽ոյͷ׿˼ϢеģǹܷϢ
һȣ˵ʲôܷܳˣ
ܷȾ߲󣬲δܸǴ޸ԱߵԺʱ䶼ǰģЩˣû뵽ͻȻôһ
ܷܳԺӣûʲôϡ棬ƫƫʱȾ߲Ͳһˡ
һڣ˭֪᲻Ӵ
˼ݺݵصͷǧȷūۿģүۿͨģǰԺȥˡ
үϵûƵĵطȥүöˡ
ɫԴҲ⣬񮂵ţȻǻԽԽأܷȴһպŽҩϸչţȬˣҲǲܡ
⸱ģǰԺʲô
ѵ
ͻȻ죡ȥǰԺȥүôˣ
½񮂣벻˭ܷʧ̬
˼ȻҲ뵽һˣܿתȥ
޸ƺԺ⴫Ѿߵšϸüɫǰסӣû
ܿ죬˼ͻˣɫЩᣬɻ󣺡ô£
ţūҲ֪ô˵˼Щɣżߺ񣺡үȷ£ȴ֮ǰҲû۵ܲסˣñӴһūͣ´ү֮ͳˡ
ӣšüЩţıӣ
֪˲ȶʱӣⲻЦ
˼ЩһѾūҲˣǷ˸үȥġ
ɫ˱䣬Щѿ
ݸ޸ʹβȴҲӡ
ɼʹˣɶ޸ūŵ˿Ϊҹά
ūŷ˴ˣȴϽӸʱǱĵ뷨Ҳǲµ񮂻Щūų
ʾ˼ڴ֮ǰǰԺūˣ
УǶˣֻ֮ǰϢûдˣյִˣδܷסڡ
ñ˱۾ֻ뵽Ȼˡ
Ѿˣ֮ǰôûһס
˳ǣĵЩ⣬ûþ˼ȥ֮ǰ񮂹ԺʱĴ
ûȥѰɣ񻹻᲻
һδʶĺġ
ʱǰԺǺ龰ˣ
˸ϵˣūԶԶƼˣ˻ڻ·ϣ˵˷˱Ϣ
˼Ҳ˵ĵǺūŵӣҲˣû˻Ϊһūȥ٣ʹˣʱҲûá
ΪЩūǩǽ˶˼ң˼ҵģʹˣҲ˹ܡ
þ˼Ҫٳȥ£Ǹܲˡ
޸ûе֮ǰܱȷ
ֻǵʱһϢЩҩСˣ
ҪҪø졣
Ҳɲȥˣ֮ǰˣԵ֪Ϊ޸ǲִ
С϶ǻ
˼æź£ʰž˼ææȥ԰ʱǡײջظɣʱͣܵˣ
ֹסԼҪĶæźۼüͷΪҪȥǰԺ
ٷôҪȥĶ
ú˸֪ˣЩΣһ䣺СˣҪϹȥүҸˡ
˵ææ˸񣬾Խ뿪
ɿæıӰոյķƻңüͷһֱδɣԽԽļ
СʱҪæϹȥ
ϽΪ̣ԣô˰Ϊɸ̵֪ڸϵĵλ
˵һ̵ĸܣЩۣЩζ
˰ָջߣЩ
ׯСؿɫ֪ĵ׵뷨ֻʣүȥ飿
С˭֪ʲôǷλȥ
ⲽԺȥԣףüƶ͸Щ
лҪ˵Ůһż
ң˫

 42 

Ժ֮, ûδ
սԺӣͿѾ߶һѪˮæسߣﻹĿ޺
ԺӲС, װҲ, Ͼ, ϲ
ţýȥʱ, һ۾Ϳͷ󺹵, յĽ޲, ҲմѪ
ššü, ջ, ٶ࿴תһԵ
էȻ, ЩȣΪ̶̼գϾ˼׷ʹһͷ, Ҳûס
ϸûйãɫ࣬Ŵ򣺡˵Сˣ
˲ͷĺĵ׸̾޸֮, ͷش𣺡һˤ̫ݣеĺסˡ
˴Сúɡ
С֮, ͳ뿿ϣۣûϸ֮˵Ļ
ϵڿ޿䣬һҰףˣūū澵ĺ
ңϸô̶ɫֱ䣬ôյһͻȻŭûõķ
Ժú̥С˻óԺúȵ㣡
񣬴ż񮂵δһ˿תͳýͷöȻҸңõŪûˡ
ټϣ֮ǰȾиϵʱֻôûһûˣ
ͻȻŭŵһ£ӣ㶵ز˵ἱص
վһԣźۼüǰ˵ʲôȴϵɫǰ
ϲûжܿ뿪ˣһûзָá
ֵ徻
ֻҪ뿪ʱͻȻסٷ
öסתһҰף˷ſڴϣһ˿ӵ
Ǽ٣Ǵ˷СȴҲȷӡ
ҩں裬Խá
վһź֣ͣˣֻһ˼
ƿӣҪ£šü֪ʲô⣬վһԹۡ
Ĩһᣬ۵һ˿㱡
Ϊӣһ˼ϧʹ񮂵Ŀ³ûкڡ
˲Ϊ
ֲ¼ܵӣƾʲôҪȥźˣ
ֻϵ̬ȣ֪Ӷùɵ˵ӡ
Ʋãð׳һòȴүĶסʱŲƫٷ⸱ģүЩϧլУ͵һʽˡ
۵䵭ɫ֪֮ɢˡ
ֻɺƤõķһͷٷٰūһΣ
šϸüؿһۣܰʲôˡ
ҧء֣ʱգ֮ٲ͹ϵˡ
ɫһף֪ûбҪԼ̵Ĳյ⣬ȥϻôԼֻܿధ
ū֪ٷƣٷ˾ūһΣ
ٷ˽ū澣үĲūûаֹϵūûбסǶū澵ģˣ
ĺ£һֱϵֱۣÿͷ
ÿɫ䵭ס׵ĲһһҺθɣ
仰ת뿪޵ңûлͷ
߳Ժ⣬Ŀϣûͷһۡ
£ȷ
ûж˼ôƳɹ
ȫ˼Ҳһأ֮塣
ôһԵľ˼˵ذɡ
˼һȰٷ˲ãүͷ˵ľ˵ģ
֮꣬ʱûˣ䲻ʶ֣ǵϲϣҵĵǶġ
ȻԺӣõɲߡ
ʱ˿գܺúõСһ£ԺУôС
˼ݸһˮԣüصūٷ˻ʣˡ
ٷ˻ǵãݶס˸𣿡
һ֪ôС
ݶסԺӾڣѾ˵ˣԺƣԱԺסˣ˼ȥơ
һƣͳ£˼ɫҲЩӣݶԺӳӭײ˱үүãٿܷŹҼ䣬͵˵ϣ֮ͳˡ
еĲȵģȥʱȴһ⡣
޺Ǿ䡰Ϊֲ˿ûзӦūײһٰӶģһ񮂺ܷϵľƫ˹
ĺӱסˣϿлܷһ٣ϾΪΪܷΪѾûˣȻȲֶӡ
ÿ˼ѵسЦ΢򴽣˺ĵģϵ̬ȡ
˵üۣ豭ݸ˼˵ˣˡ
˼ͷĥū澾Ͳˣ޸һֱɣ
˼ģ́һۣͷ˵öԣֵܻǿ޵ʱġ
һ¡
Ŵͬ˼һۣЩԡ
ȥеԺӣ˲޹ϵǣһ
˵˵ʲôòö֪Ŵ£ʱҲû˼ȥ֧ҡ顣
ҹɫĺĺΣþױ̨ǰһ֬ɫȹװȾ棬͸ͭЩŵվŵˡ
һУ򿪺˵֧ҡͷգϸϸĺؽҡ٣ϸĺ࣬ŰգƲߡ
ͭģԼԼԼ㶵ؿ˰ΣãȴҲʶⲽҡÿһźǾ°ϸͷϸ
үǷ̫ˡ
һ˫ӣҲ֪˭һϲϲվѹһѹ磬ĺҡһδͭյԼȴһֲڡ
ɽմһɫĽƳۣüŽŵסϣͭпˣЦ
Ҫǡ
˶٣ȥͭŮӵӣȾ˼⣬̾§סŮڻһһ仺˵Ǻÿ
˵棬͸ͭϸϸؿ͸һ꣬Щ顣
Σ˵Ӱڵϻཻúزסϡ
һ٣Щȣһ˿ɶΣִ̧ϣЦ
õͷ
û˵Ǹδֻ׾ȥЦ͸ллүҺϲ
΢ãȥ˿²ҡһͷ˿£ںϣͷȥ
ͷһûж㿪
ֵױ̨ϣľɫӡŰָ⣬ӡԣһִɫ
ر˴ᱧ˫˵Ĳᣱ£ס컡
ȼůůĹ͸ŵ£һ֧ҡͭǰ
ҹ䣬ѣֱûˣһҪ𣬺ضߴ˵ͳ
𶯡
еĶһͣü΢ɡ
ڡ
лҪ˵дŮ
ŮϷ٣ҲһͶ
ⱾĲǰڡɣ

 43 

ʱ, ɤЩɣؾÿʡ
˼ʱطһˮ, ˵ٷ˽ѵЩ
ͷ, ѵ˳ʱ, ˼źһ࣬ǵһμʱѡ
Щ˼, һ, վ, ˼һϢ
Ժ
һô죿
̧, ͰԺ, 񲻹£ְ˳
˼ѽ˵˾䣺ٷ, ͼʲôأ
ûлشĻʵ˼δز֪
ٻūͻơ
˶׷ˣ˭˵Ǵģ
û˵ȥ, ˴ɵĵطӴ齱齣ӻѾ˿ήļŷƵӻ, þûж
źҽ飬ط, ˼ͻȻҴææܽ
ٷˣٷˣ
ôˣҴææģóƤӣ£ҽϡ
˼һɫѽٷˣɱˣˡ
Ȼ̧ͷɫأˣ
˼һ٣ææҡͷǲǣٷˣ
һǲôǾô£
ڴ߲Ľҩ㽻ȥģ
豭ⱻˮ˻Σվɲô£
ҩ裬Խүģ©һ˵
˶˼һ䣺⻰˭ģ
ǡүˡ
ȻһЩεؿ˼ŻææģһΪ
Ϊ˵֪Ϣ
˼Щ˼صͷֻһʱ̫𾪣˭֪ٷˡ
˻ȥҲϸϸɵľٶ
۵úݣԺ˯ȥǷͬ˵ˡ
ҩɢȥĿġ
ϸϸ˼ţٿȻҩ轻ʱ˵Ǿ䡰óҩҲ˱һ¡
һ£
Ŀˡ
õɫЩ죬ˮһڣŤͷȥסա
ɢȥ˵ס
޸߻ỳΪóҩνҩ
ǣⷬΪҲһѶϢǱϵĺӵͷˡ
һηûѯô¡
ҹ䣬ʱ̽Ե˴£үΪν˵ȥ
˸ĺ󱳣˵ʥּٲվͿɵִݣ֮ݾͲϵĴڡ
鵽ʱ˵ͷ
ģܻġ
⹦ͣԵ
ɵĻö裬ձϽйȥʱûҡ
ԺﲢֹһˣؿưҲԺòźۼšü⣬
ϱס
Ӧ£Ǵͷü˳ۡ
ﰲƬ̣ưڸλϣãڣͼн
Щ̧ͷû뵽ô˵γԣϱһˣͼн飿
ɫαư۾ͻȻ죺Ȼͬ޽飬߲ҩôеģ
ϵĺɲΣü
ɫǺ죬ֽؽͣҩǶϱȥģ
涼ˣһԩ㲻ɣ
վҽͣϱƽ߽ʩ࣬Ⱦϱв̡
ǲǰ˺ף㽫뷨˵ǡ˼
ôȾʱҲ˵˵Ⱦŭɫۿá
ҧҧЩίغۣӲ˲۽ǣ
ϱҲ֪洫ϢϱҲ֪ҩͬϱйء
һ֮٣ưüͷ
ֱҲûʳõĶ뿪
ֻøճӣưɫͳϿľսүѲ˵˻ѣ
ưһǵҲδء
һ˼Ҷʲô˵Ҳ٣ưδѡ
ֻǣʹµȷóҩӣѾȥôãΪͻȻóģ
ص㣬Ҳưõԭ
ʱưĵ׾ЩȻ
һƤʱʲôá
ѡ϶Ů˿ûнչԭΪ˼ƶԼãȴ룬µת
ư뿪һ˾ɲ
ʱӡԷͻȻһȺѾߣô˼߳ȥһȺˣüͷȺ񣺡ū澵˼ٷˡ
ū澵˷үźٷˡ
ͷѾߣ˵вʧҲı䲻ǿӲԭӡԷź뿪ˣӡԷźˣ˾˼ȫưˡ
Ѿ̣ڷŵΣҫۡ
վˣΪ׵Ѿֿڣٷ˹ҩ˴󹦣Щүūġ
ӣʣͷ׷ˡ
ٷ˵ﻰѾЦţָٷͬ޼ˣһپ٣һٷ˸õõġ
ǽе˼ˣЦӯӯأүū澸ٷˣٷ˲󸮶СѾظˡ
Ȼ̧ͷ޸ĿĲԶлظЩ̬ȣ⽫¸֪ư˼λεذǰ
ҪС
ʹ޸ٷˣĶϱ
ĵ׾úЦơ
ʲô£޸
ʹȥ޸Ҳδܴһһ˿涼Ҫˡ
ɤЩɬǸѾߣ񲡺ˣҲȥչүˣЩǲ㡣
ѣ񮂻ûأ¿ɾͬˣ
Ѿɫ䣺ү߶ūͣٷˡ
ӣᳶ˳ǣҾЩʣ°ɡ
ٷӲʣūȥ븮ҽٷ˸˹򲻿˵ţһСѾ߾˳ȥ
òδֻһΪ׵Ѿߣջߡ
ȥɣٲչ⾰ȵ                        
лҪ˵շݼӸ
ںѡ ʥСͼƬҷΧˣǿȥһ£СʹǶ˵ok
СƷɶѽģҪٳ׻Χ
̫ѡˣҲ֪ͷͺ


 44 

, լɫǽţմŴ, ŵСվſ, еͣµʱ, Сһæ̨ס
д, ŭɫ, Сæͷ, 񣺡С㡣
вͷؿһۣأ
ڶԺ
˽, ؾͳԺȥ, ˱̴æһΡ
С˲˲ͷ, ֪Сʲô
ӹȥ󣬸˰꣬Ͱ˶Ժԭǹסĵط, һƬɻȰ֮󣬾ͻĵ
ݸռ㲻ô󣬲ԺԺʯͷ˼ɽ, ûʣѾСԺӣйʱ, ûһ˸˭֪ǳ谮Ů
ѽʮʹٺã۽ҲЩϸƣ̴棬ԭϣƿӽʱžȵվһŭӣæ
ôˣôˣ
֪ȥ޸Ϊʲôģ黹ûнô˾ͻˣ
ﻰأͼжȻۿ˲ˣȴüͷź˶ȥѹʣ
ʲôʧˣ
һţۣŭδûУ
ôˣ
޸мίܣұѾˣδɹǼҲδ˵Իɽգ޸˾ֱŮˣ
ɫ˱䣬Ҳ˼ֲã޸ֱҲû˵ԵĻ
ίص˵ͷ
šüͷ֪мʲôʡ
޸үʱŵҪְģ⽫ĳظʱһһӴ£ôͻȻðл
òˣĹλô죿
п֪ʲôЩس˳䣺취ѽ
˻ȥ㶼˻ˣһʲô취
˵ˣ޸ҳΪô˵Ծͱԣ
ҲЩͷˣǻô죡ѲһȥǸ˵ɣ
ⱾͲʲô֮˿ڵ顣
б˱죺㲻𣿡
㼱ʲôһƾŮòʹ벻˺Ҳˡ
뵽ռˣͻȻһ죬ҲҪ
ɻɫȥ˼ŮӼҵĽߣŮҪ
ſڰϥϣŮŮԸպҲθ磿
֪ȷ۰۰ȴǲܺȣֻҪһᵽ룬׶ᾡȥ
һɫüͷĶ֪뷨
Ļȷ˵Ŀ
վͷӦ˴£۾һϲϲȥ
ҹ󣬰һС⣬ſ̽үհб޸˻ǰвּĻģ
̸£ɫҲ΢䣬б˻޸Ǳȴûиһ˵
ֻôʧ£Ȼǰֻһͷɫô
źһʮ꣬ﲻ֪ƢԣЩίү˵ﻰΪǵĸŮίģѲɲ
üû˵ļ
֪үΪѣүʲôˣֹ˿ɲģ㲻Ϊ˰룬ΪԼ𣿡
ɫɶ˵˼ģүﻹ޸
üˣ֪ˣ롣
㵽ΪֹҲٶ˵ֻź
һ˼ң첻ôүɲһĻɲǾͶЩ
οҲδûתܹ鸮ϻһλ޽޸أѲݸȥ̽ף޸Ųɣ
߰սԣͶ˼յʱ򣬾ư̸һ
ʱ򣬾ֿС
ӣһԵѾߣ˵ͻظ𣿡
⻰ǵеʵģɫ࣬ĵЩѿ
ѾĵҲȣүȷ˵ǽݶͻظģЦţݶٷ˽
˵ʲôƤһ
Ѿ߸ЦҲͱ졣
ɫÿһԼ˻֮ǰԺӡ
ʲô˼Ļģеǻʰ
еӣһѾҲ˼ҪѲŲɡ
ֻ̧̧ƤƳΪ׵Ѿһۣҷˣ°ɡ
˼վڴǰº󣬲˵ٷˣô죿
յʱþͶ͸¶ư˼ĵòС
ɫҲÿԣ򴽣ٵա
ûգҹʱǰԺϢ񮂵ĲЩ
ֹˣǰԺȥܷҲʼ˺Ŷˡ
һϢը޸С
Ϣɫæÿĵһ͹æž˼ǰԺȥ
û߽ԺӣϱʹĿɫ΢䣬ߵľ˼һۣæȥȻ۾
ǰ񮂣ƽֿ߽һŧڴϣüҪϲǷ񮂡
۵˫Ŀͨ죬˻ţ
þ˺һ
Ҳɫϴʱ˲߲ᴫȾԱߣҪסӣȴ޴ֻ֣ʹؿţ硭
Щ޴룬ӷ죬æǰȥϣһԵūŷԸ
Ÿʲô콫˷
һἱصҪСӣҪ㰡
һƿãɨǣҪȢ㣬ҶôȾⲡ
񮂵ģ̼һãʶѿڶ
㶵վԭŵţ
ԭΪ˳˵Ļȴ˵֮Ųɣݶؿã
ɨǣҶҹȥ
õָҪֻǾ䡰ʮ̶ִĴ۶ӹȥ
ֱֱϣɫһѹһһ
ԣ
ϷӦŭ˵˼ȥֱӵǰ
˵ʲôٷ˽֮㵽ǰЩӻչүӣү֪ĶȾ˲Ҳֵܹٷϣ
ʩ࣬οʲôۻٷģûйҲпͣ˵δ̫˺ˣ
ڸȨ꣬ʱ˶ײҪָ˼
ȥ
˼ͫһȴǹͷվǰ˿ƹˤ䡣
ÿ뷨ʱסۿһԴˡ
߸ŵĲֹǾ˼һˣձưźˡ
òźۼƳһֱۣӵȻݲңҲһȥɡ
ưʱҪõȻ
ŭЦ㵱Ҳң
һԵˣҵĻ𣡽Ƕȥ
ǰһֱĬĬվѾվ˳̧ͷŭϣˣū澷үķԸźٷˡ
ֻ򵥵˵һ䣬ɫࡣ
лҪ˵һӦþ޸Ҫ
Ҳ֪һܲܽ


 45 

Ҳû˵ʲô, ʹڸҲҸԤưľ
ã˵, ĵ׺޼, ҧгݣȻĲ, ǽүͽˣ
û˵񮂳Ų˶ʱ, ʹϲ˵, ҲѰὫ½ӹ
һߵȴüͷ, ۿô, ¶ˣ
΢, Żָһƽˣū澲ҡ
һ, ݺݵعһۣҶʧҶĲ㣡
ޱغӡ
ʲộΨܽǣ׹ϡ
뿪ﰲ, ˼ȥãŷӵЩ˼żؿãȴʧز֪Щʲô
ôʱԺȫǡɨǡǡ, ӽӲֻصϸȥǶʱ䡣
˼üŻ
ٷôˣ
û¡ñܶ, šü㷽̫嶯ˡ
֪˼ǻУͷҲδػ˼ư
˼ſھҪƳ磬Ų鲻Ըأٷˣū֪ˡ
ʱòſһԵ磬˳ǣлˡ
ͷٷ˿ˣū澸ġ
ưȵ˷ԸźãȻ϶
Ҳû˵˺ҩ˯ȥϣɫȥѰˡ
ҪưҲ˳Ƴȥ
ʱ߽үôʵͬ˵
ƽֵ߽Ȼ֪ѾΪԳŹȥ
ֻһˣʱɫ
ٷˣϷûоȫϷΪ
£Щͷ۵ؿھ˼ϣѵʣֻ˵үжʱգ
˲ͷĺ˵Ųա
أй̱ϣ˵
ΣŻ񣬱۵°ɡ
ûˣþ˼վվڶ⣬ƿӣڴϣʡµ񮂡
ɫЩӡ
޸ףдظȴѶٵϼͷͽ޸ܷһЦ龰һԺ
ĺ棬ྴĿɳ
̶һ꣬Ѿȥ˰
һ۵ɫָƽ
˵գչȥ
˼ܾٷˡ
ôڻȥ
ɫ๣˼ҧ˵òŻɫ˵
ˣ㡭Щʱյʵ˵˰ɡ
˼Ȼָ֪˭µͷһۣ˳ȥ
ɫ˼ǰԺؿһ۱ϵĴţûлӡԷֱСԺȥ
ʱɸմӳʥּݡ
д˶ϵĴųն
ղδ޸֪޸飬Ժǰ˼ʱɫһ
˼ѰֻñһΡ
ɽ˴Ժӣšüʲô£
˼շһһȫ˵壬ư뷨ԼõĻ
۵ɫԽԽ䡣
ǿһۣ˵˼ôˣ룬ǵöˣǲǵѣȻ
վ̨ϣѹԽԽͣԺ˶ͷҷ
Σһ䣺˵Ҫչˣ
֮ǰĻ˼˵ûһ˿ԥʱȴЩɡ
ȴҲشˣĳ˳˵ʲôо
ЩᣬЩɬƻмˡ
̲ס̧üģͬ˼˵һ䣺¡
仰תȥ˼㶵شԭׯһ䣺үȥ
Щ㶵һ䣺Ϊʲô
ׯӿһãȻüң˵ȻΪ⸮ϾҪˡ
ү˿ǰЩź˶þȣôܻӹһҴôã
οʥּѵٴ޸ţүԭͬ˵񣬲ǰһҹˡ
Ⱦ˼뿪÷Ը˴ˮùˮߵӣšɣϸزϵ˿ڡ
Щɣٷˣūɣ
ͷҲδ̧ã°ɡ
罫ϢưưԹվڴ⣬ϣã۵ɫ˼ճת뿪
ˮ裬Žϵ˿ڲɾžһƬˡ
۾ʱ򣬾͸оӲ˿ڣϸ΢ʹܸоѾᡣ
ڰձ񮂾Щƽ
ѵƫͷͿ˴ϴӵģ£ż˸˶ˡ
ſڣջûгֻǾؿ
òԾ̧ͷŷѾˡ
һ򴽣¶һ˿ǳЦˣ
δòֻǰ˯һ㡣
ƱȾҲֻӦ
ôӣ˵˵Ļ
һ٣ϼĻڶɫ˱䣬ż˵²ַˣĪҪ𡣡
ٿȻ̧ɫ嵭ûһ˿յС⣺
ò
ɫ仯̫ԣĵײһ˿Ծ˫ȭͼǰŮ˵
ûлɹͬй𣿡
Ƿã㱰ͬүΣҲ˿ûԹԣ
˵ⷬʱɫʮƽ·˵˵һ㡣
˼񮂣ɫͻ䣬˫Ŀͨ죬ؿۣЩʲô˼
Ⱦģ
òδػֻƽؿ񮂷·˼Ĵ̼Ҫȴ£ֻǶˮ裬ˡһ
ҧгݣ޶ǰˣ޲ýǧУ˿û˸ոյ飺
ˣҪ
ȥԼıӣҪúÿڴʱͻȻ
öȻתͷȥ⣬ƻͨ˻΢ૣʱ𡭡
񮂱ŭͷȫûĻҲûвĲԾ
õԼıӣ۵׺ݶɫһ˦ȥվòӾࡣ
Ҳûٻӵڶޡ
̱ڴϣŴڲԵŭ
ˡҺҡ
ȴĻЦ˳˫סЦ󣬵˼ֱǻ
һʱ֮ǹ񮂵ͨĿ
õЦͣĨȥ۽һʪ⣬Цţ
˵ûǶⶼøмһĽ̵κĳЦŽһͽЩӷѧġ
̧㶵񮂣Ц᣺
ѧΣ
񮂳׽ԭܿߣɲסţˡ
ƺܻϵʹһ
úȻûȤ˿뿴ʹ˼Ҳɢȥɫߵڣƿһ紵
˵֪Ǻ𣿡
˰죬ȴһ˶δʱٿãĵ˺⣬˵Ļ
ȻԸɲ˵ţ
չӦͲ޸ˡ

񮂷ҪӴܡܣ޸ܵ£ˡ
ʵѾ˴룬еĻţҳϣڵϣʱȴû˻
վڴߣۿǰ˵ֻǾؿ
ĵԼô
ǲôʣõĴ𰸶ǣ
⸱ģĵȴδÿģֻĵ׻ܵЩƺһ˲䶼ɢˡ
ǰϢȻѾ˹ЩūûнϢɼǶ񮂣Ҳᷳ
׼뿪ʱͻȻ汻ƿ
лҪ˵շݼӸget


 46 

ǰʱ, šüɫһ
ƿŽˣܷ
ʱһƬ, ԴЩð, Ͷڷ, ҳ񮂡
Ǹϱңǲ
һƿ, Ϳ̱ڵϵ龰, ֱ̽۵, ɫ, ֲһ˿, æܲȥЩ², ˤǰ
ֽ񮂷ÿҪ޳硭Ұ
ץסһ㣬ݺץסֱܷۣ
ƭҵ, Բԣ޸û£Բԣ
ܷ˸۵ͨ죬ûһش
񮂳ŭ𣺡˵
Ҫƿܷȥ, ȴûһֵڵϣţƭҵģǶƭҵģ޸µģ
磡ܷһ, æȥ
ܷͻȻ񮂴ʹ̼Ŀѣ鴤ţøΪøɾ˿ѿЩӵĲʹݹᾣģֲ˺¡
ܷȴʲôˣһ㽫˱ڻź磬磬ң
۾ݺսܷ֣Ҫ˵ʲô
磬磬ڣڣܷصͷἱص
Ƶ۵ͨ죬ֱҲû˵ֹͣǰ˵֣ںܷ֡
Ȼӳ鴤£̱ܷĻû˿
ƺžƬ̣ܷǷһ㣬ƴػӣ
磡磡ѣѹ
һδؿû˺һ˫۾ɳԼǺ޲һȥ
治֪ʱվ˲ˣϴű̧ͷȥϵױҾѡ
˼У񮂵۵ף˽СĵطãЩǡ
Щʿһۣõ˵ͷ
ɫ˿ûΪ龰ݣǿӲҪֿˡ
ܷǷһ㣬κ񮂣ֽһԵĶʿȥУ
üܷ˼ۣȴǵһο޵ôݣһ㣬ʲôˡ
ʹôʿѹҲɽ񮂴ק˳
˶Ȼֿ񮂵˵ϡ
ѹܷһݣҪ˦ˣȴ˿ƶãۼҪߣȻǰȥס˵Ĵȣ½
㡭㣬ˡ
ʹҾؾҲεˣܷ޵ңҲڶһ˹Ͽ
ʿһۣ񮂵ʬ̧
˼Щ̵ƫͷȥȥⳡ棬һ뵽ٷɪɪ赹ˮе龰־ǻá
񮂱̧ߣܷĿİҪȥȴʵʿѹס
Ѳŭ÷Ӧȴǿá
úö˶˵վȻû˹ĵ˺ɣȻŽʱһԵĳʱ۵Ǵ˶
㣡Աʲô
˼ոǵ㲻˲ɢһԼҹֵٷϣ
ܷһǱѺסã˼Ļ񮂵̼ƺЩһ㡣
ˣұȢ㣬ǰĸ㾹Һұ磡һҪƤ
ۿĵ׺޲ҵ㡣
һĸոյ̬ȣһԵʿüͷ˿飬ֱӽ˴ߡ
ʹǱϳȥ˺ԶȻݶ
ˣҲŹġ
˼ü˼õɫ˿δ䣬ֱʧǰ˵Ӱ
˼˳ȥ
ؿˣ䴽ǣ볶һĨЦȴδܳɹ
߽еְ˰ָЩΣûЦ
ñǼһᣬͷԼ⣬˵ү˵Ҫôڽ
ɽ§о˵һֽ˵
յģ˵Ҫչ
ǻὫԼϲŭλε˵
ϣ˽ȻҲԸ˽Լ
΢٣ã§ס˵Ӧ
Ժӣ˿𴦷ֿذ
֪˶ãվƽ飬ȥһɿɣ˺һʣ
үôˣǰ治Ҫү𣿡
ɼָ糣ҲģüأȻ豾
֣
ȥ
֣ãַ̧ġ
ǰԺӡԷĵϣƺ˿ˣøСϣʣ
һҲȥ𣿡
ʹϲ޸ʱҲͳһˡ
֣ĵ˵ģҩĹ㹻ժ
ԣֻЦ£Դ˲÷񣬿ȴûȫš
ʹҩֱʣӴժ£
Ϊѵ˼䲻֪ȴҲԼİá
ͷָأס˵ָ
ɾȵؿϸллү
δ˵ԵĻȴɲǼ䣬ĵЩ
ã֪
˵㹻ˡ
ƫƫͷŮЦõ⣺
Ȼ֪ãպҪúñ𱾺Уÿ֪
ոյܰ˲䱻ƣûδüж˿ɢȥһۣһ䣺ү
룬˵
ǻЩϷŮӵķһ㡣
ٿˣɿ֣첽ԼԺȥ
Ц£ǰԺӣ̤˽ȥ
ͷһۡ
Ժӣ˶ء
ȴͷһΣԺӵĴţ߽
лҪ˵е٣дʱ
ܻһɣҪ
ܾûмӸˣҲȷ
⼸Ӹͷͺ


 47 

޸ҹ˺ܾ, Ӷѹǰ˸ϵٷˡ
иձ˴Ժѹʱһȥ, æ޺Ҳ޸ˣץˣ
Щ˲, Ű, æֻͣ̽׵ģҲ޸ˣҪؼң
̽ף
ͷ絷㣺ԶԶԣҴ޸Ǹϵٷˣ̽׵ģ
˫ֵ΢гɣݸˣ
ǣиûȥϸ, Ϊʲôһٷ, Ǿ֪ݸ, ֻŽԼժ, ŵͷǷſңҪؼң
ĵʮֺ, ֪޸ᵹôҲ׽ͻ
ʱׯ߹, ǡߵĶԻƳһУ˵
ϻʲôѺǰȥүᡣ
ǣׯˣ
ɫһף֪Ϊʲô˵Լ޸, ᱻץƴţ󺰴ԩ
ׯ⻰ƲƲ, ˿⡣
ݳǵһֵ飬Ȼ֪ݸʲôöݸŮ, ޸ĿҲ̽ס
Źүʱҽٷ˰
ׯһתƵسӡԷȥ
ӡԷûźˣøսʱԺžЩϰߡ
Žˣ΢ɵһ䣺ʥּδ޸ģ
վԣְŲ豭ĵ˵ųն
Ǹϵأ
ɶһ٣̧ͷȥɵɫЦ£˵ģ˸ϵĸ⣬˶µġ
˵ųնй飬ۡһͬҲȷйԸǷŹҲν
һ޸ȷɸϵһЩȴ޹ġ
ɷ䣬ϣױ̨ϵĲҡʶ¶һĨЦ
ֽԼһִڰϣõ߲ϣָ޳֪ʱս˫־ǳŵġ
һִֻ䣬ԺûźԶֵһ裬ݸüʣպ̳Ҫȥ
޸ΣȻĵԹޣҲ⡣
ȴҡҡͷѾۿ񮂵³޸ǣˡ
Ļش֮УͷɻҪԥ֣Ͼ̳ϿɲÿǵС֮ˣŵüجΣҲеġ
ףϸĹξ˺磬ϲա
ϸ壬һδξ磬ϸ΢ü⣬Ժͼĵס
û˵ȴƣɰָҲζ
úļ۽ţЩͣ޸ˣȥƽֿ߽
գǸĻĵЩۼ
üСһ䣺㵹ǲ
Ĳѱƣû˱Ⱦˣųܵˣɻͷһؼ
ǲԸͷһ˵վûзƵӦ
߳ӡԷʱ޸Ȼ
޸ӶѺϵūҲǲɢЩȴ˴룬Ͼ⸮ϻʣӡ
˵޸ԭ⴦ۡҲӦñģƫƫסԣ˶º˹ȥ
Ҳʱòŵ˹еϢ
Ƥӣȥˣ
ǰ˼˵ͷˣ㲻֪ҹݶʵʧ̬ɫŵøѩƵģûأ߲ˡ
Ǿ޸ˣ⽫ˣҹҹʹæ˸Ļ֮ǰʱͷ
˼ԭȽãǽٷ˵ġ
գźʱպһ䡰ٷˡͱüϡ
˳Ĭã߳ڴϣﴲסŮΣβ˵һ䣺
պ󣬺˰ɡ
ͳ˺λ򲻵һ١֣Ȼ޸ţҲٵһٷˡ
øʱһ䡣
ӣþûжףһٶǺ˼
ˣˣͬݸǰֻҲŻᱻƺ
ʶսԼ̫࣬ɳһˡ
ԷƱ
뿪󣬾˼ҲЩãȻã١ˣүǺ˼
ûлش⣬Լ벻׵飬ôͬ˵
޸飬ڶվͼȻ󲨡
ݳǶû뵽޸ȻôˣҾԶؾڳ⣬ĵٶ뷨Ҳ¶һ˿顣
ȴ룬ֹ޸һţ϶Աۡȫ⡣
һʱ֮䣬ݳΣ
ڴʱ޸ٷ˰Ȼɺö˶˵ش޸һСʱȥ
ڶգþԽһʥּɼ
˼ǣҩйƷˡ
𾪵ؿˣܴӴժȻףȻܵõ
飬ɳüңЩģúúñʱһ
ʥּ׶סݳǵ۷׷ס
ˣҲдвߵˡ
׵ľݸ
ҹͻظ󣬾͵һ󲡣˵õ¼º޵ҧһݣһԵİ߷Ȼ
ʲôҩйһþӹŮӣͨ챾£Խ̫ҽ˵£
Ѿ߶ҩ۵ضҩιʥּ϶дˣмٲɣ
бȥҩ޺ɫϣüͷ
ӳʱͲŴ¡
ҲǺһͬôӲ֪û£
ﲻĻЩϸ룡ڸϵʱ򣬻ҩͻȻͽ߲һ£Ͳй
ҾйΣѲ㻹뿹ָּʥ˵ˣ
ЩΣ¸룬θҪҪǣʥ϶˵ҩģǾͱá
ţȻʥּ
ݺݵץ½һ뵽þȻû޸£ΪƷˣͻ
ôܹñã
Ҩһҩιεˣͱ˼ˣȽá
һѻӿҩӴüţ
϶ﲻԣôأ
ԣм꣬ϲľùúãȻһðһ㶣ƻȻ
֪ˣһǹ˼
Ȼˤ˴ϵŭһź϶ǹ˼ҪЩô䵽ϣ
￴һһէһһ뷨ģЩͷЩʲôʲôˣôܿôĹóȥ
ôܣ㲻˰ɣ˵ˣʲôˣ㹦˼δط۵ף
к޵ҧгݣȫǸˣ
Щͷۣˣֹʲô£
ϲһ£ǣñֲͣռǱˣĵȻûʲôо
ЩζԼŮȻȲǸ˵Ů
бĻһҭ˰죬˵һ䣺֮ǲܱ
۾ˣô˵
ô죿ûа취
۾һתץŰ˵֮ǰǸߵüҳδزֵݸȻôͣõȥæ
û£ȥһʣҲиףĵġ
ǵŮ㲻ϲǣѲɻܲܵˣ
˵ʱɫһ䣬Ҳò˵е
Ͼүʱۿүǵӡ
һɫ֪ѾЩɶˣֹסǡ
ô͡
úͼ˶޸֮ûйŹ֣
Ҫûйϼҩôȥģ
ȻΪ˹ֻҪһ뵽ĵ׾ͺ޵ûš
գȻ֪жɫݳǣûһӱȵϡ
ҲÿФģ
ĵЦͲţû᲻ӦֻҪôӦպõȥ޸˽Ӵʱ
лҪ˵Ȼ


 48 

ѽ, ݵĺƺҲ֮ȥҲ⡣
ߵӻѾήԺź˱, һЩҾ, , ȥĵη
¯ﲻٵѬ, ȴɰ档
õ, , Щʧ
ͻȻ, 洫һæĽŲ, һ̣, ûȥ˼߽΢Ŵ
Цô
ȴ룬ջ, ˾仰ˣүȥˣ
һô᣿
էȻϢЩӣѿڶĻ֪ʲô˼
ܷ޸ߵٽվҲ޸, ԣձ˻ظС
ʹҲڽӣɿ˼, ǻᱻţ˸û³
ģǶˣ˼ҲЩӣūţүԼײġ
ܷ˸߲֮ԽԽأܷ۰Ҳӣ˽뿪գܷȥԺӿʱ
߲ʱ˳鴤ûΡ
ٱ˰ס֮ǰȻһͷײϣŵܷ˸γϣǰֻܷЦڣҲһ顣
ǰпֵʱⶼǺһģҲԸıֿ
Ѿֺαۼˡ
ܷĻֱ޵òЩ˹ȥ󣬾˵ܷûȹʹʧӣһ㣬Ϻ޵
ЩȴûԾ˼õϢֻܷײһ¡
ɵһ£ҲԼ³ǺԵɡ
˰Σų˳ǣǵǳһԿԧ졣
మҲ˶Էʲôˣ
ö˶һýȢޣȴ֮һʯ
üҪЦҲЦ˳ŵþ˼ɫ䣺ˣūѽ
óҡҡͷû¡ֻǾЩЦˡ
˵Щȥܷ飬⿴ȥʣվ̵ӣ
˼Сع۲ɫûзģԣͷ
ǣö˶ȥˡ
ôܲȥԴϵбݳǵİպ޶ǣʱ̳ΧһȦֱʲô˳ֵĶӣԹϡ
ûȥȻҲûпһǣǱӡ
ʱոչȥȴǻˣׯӣ߽ӡԷֱӴӰ뿪ĴŮӣ߽ȥѾƿӡ
밲ñ֪ˡ
վȣͶ߽յǻ°ɫĳۣЩɺףǳĵ˼ֹӵ̬
üҴЦҲĥ͸鵽Ρ
һװӭȥʱü⣺պƽ£үɾ
ԣЦЦڱӪʽϳҪϲ٣մӳӪʱ治䡣
˵ĹģĵˣЩЦţ
ǲ䡣
С֣Щ⣬ššü㣬ôô
ó˳֣ûгȥˣӹˣÿÿġ
ɲźۼüͷʱ̫ҽĻ
ϣûͬһӣƲƲ죬Ҳû˵ʲôһԡ
ʱòʣүôʱˣ
Լһֻ֣޳ָ۴ߵӻ״Ʋصû£ͻˡ
⻰ȻǼٵġ
ݳǰٷϴ˵ʱôе
޸̣һҪˡ
Ҳ֪ûֻǵͷ䴽ǳЦ£ֻעĵطԾ߬ġ
עδǰ仰
ôˣ𣬾ͻˡ
һ֣ɻ˼ȴر
ûע⵽ʧ񣬸ûܲ仰еĲüţ͸һЦ
Ůӵ֣ԺŽվͬ˵Ļ
˵ݳˣ׼ʱؾ
ŮӿȥŮŲ豭СڵŲˮ۵Ĵɫڱϣ֮գЩڡ
Ҳǣû޸ѹͷϣȷЩ
ȴĵɲ۾
룬ôؾ˻
ĻţҲĵǡ
ָõڴߣ޵̾˿ǵÿȥүôˣ
Цҡͷˣٹʱ䣬Ӧ˵Ҳʲôõط
֮󣬿ɾͲʱˡ
ţ뿪˸ȥ
ׯӸ󣬴üɣЦүһˣɾ÷ˣ
бһۣЦЦЩӺУ
еҪˡ
ׯӶߣڨЦٶʣһ·ֱǰʵﲻס˳
ү֮ǰǸҵ飬𣿡
⿴ûпи׼ɣ
ã뿴֣үֱҲûзӦ
أǰɵͻȻͣԭأ۵״һ⳯ׯͷڨڨЦţźۼ˺
ĵҲԼû£үûΪ·
ƫƫͷķƤЩģ
ׯӶ˶죬ûϣ¿ү֪ˣ
ɳЦתͷȥֻû˿ĵطȭ˵ִɫ΢ЩȻ
ôܳϣЩȷã
ׯں棬Ҳû˼Ǿôȥˣ
ԣЩ飬үǿˣ԰ɣ
ׯӱЦϽ棬˺ү¶
ԭȵ޸ûϵˣǴϵңȴûл
˼һ軨Լҷ˻ڷҽ飬ЦŽʸǰ
ˣ⻨ɺÿ
÷ҽ飬ڻ϶࿴ۣЩȣĶŪĻ
˼ƲƲ죬͵ЦūŪģǺү͹ģ˵ǼȻ˲ԸţǾЩҲ÷˲ơ
õɫһ٣ΣЩû飬ӶûгȥһΡ
ԭΪûע⵽ȴδ˵ȴַʾš
˼һԵļϣСĵźţЩüˣͣū澵Ȱүˡ
ˣͻ˻˵ˣԺﻹЩЩʱգүſܻЩС
˲ɫͨ죬ȥ봫˵ı飬Щߵ޵ݡ
ææ˵㣬վͳȥ𣿡
˼͵Цɲū澱Ʒ˵ģ˼˵ˣɲˣ
óǰҽôҲȥˣƾ˼Ǳ߰ŪʸգҲЩζ
Բˣն˼̺죬ǱϼտЩҲƾЩɫ
˼ɫؿţĵһ
Ȼ˲δ˵ǲЩʱգ˵ЩԾ
ʲôΪ޸ģֶʲô¶᲻Ͼ˵ĸо
ܲԣ˸׽Щĺүôܸо
ֻ벻ô÷˿ģҺúүа취
飬Ҳάֵʱ֣˴ݸʱϵЦ͵
˼ɫźۼüĵԹݸòʱ
ȥһӲݸˣʱҲݸ֣񵹺ãͷݸš
ֻΪݶﲻģĵ׻ƣǱŵúˣôô͵̬ˣ
ŵվѹĵ׵򴽣ʣ˭
طˣǷ˵ĸףݴˡ
ʶü⣬ĵ˼ֺɣףʲô
֪ʲô£ȴܾ֮
Щͷ۵ü⣬˰˰֣˵븸׵ǰ
ӣ˼æźױ磬ôһɫװһ֧٣˼ӣȹڵ塣
þ򵥵سǰȥ
˼ڳԺʱȴǶ˶٣ſڵ˵һ仰ſٸá
ôոʲôȥˣ
˼ҲûЦЦûж˵
üʶɣδ壬ҲܲµȥѰˡ
䵣˴ʱæµȴҲʶ˿
Ϊʲôܲþܾʱڣܲڹֿڡ
šüͷ޸һ಻ݸϵԭΪ͵Ǻ޸˹ϵ
ݸʱĲܲʣûʲôġ
ʱٶĽ֮飬Ҳƫɢ
޸ţĵҲԶûô򵥡
ֻǣĵܹǲô˵ġ
˵޸Ҳʹռ޸ְλ
ıǰ̣ȴ˿ڡ
֪֪֪޸ʵ飬Ҳġ
£޸ʱһ԰ﶼ֮һ꣬Ҳܲˡ
ȴʱţǽӣнǰ
ЩλĺӣѲɣͲ
Щ뷨˵Լݸû˹ϵݸҲ˷ζ
̤ǰƼصʱʱתͷſڿ
úüЩʶβôѡ
ݸ
ͨеĹϵǲɫһ˿Ц⣬̧̤ǰ
лҪ˵ǧ֣ͲӸѽ
ðݸãܻؾ
ﻹȥһأ߻ûдͷͺ
ôôλСʹ~


49

ǰרӿ͵ĵط, ŵĻľΣ޸õģδ滻
ý, ƳֱߵĲ豭ﻹĲˮ, źۼüҡ
ദ, ֪УЩСͺ
Ҳ, üͷһ, ɫ΢˸, հͬ˵Ļ, ĵ, Ҳ˴롣
ŮȻ֪, ûôı£Ψڡ
ȴ֪ʱȴ˹ʮ, δĹãֺ˽⡣
ԺҾˣҲվūͣ˼Сطÿ̨ס
óﵭصͷס
׽, Щİ
ɫ˼ĵЩãǼŽĿ, վ˦ӣ䲻һ
ûȥķӦ˼λ£ѾȲ裬̬ȹ
öˮһڣһڰϣ׵ָűڣŲؿ
ŮҲþδˣոŮǺ£
ǳǳЦˣȴЩ䵭˿Ρ
ڹٳ켣꣬Ȼܲǰ仰һɴδĹ
ʱЩΣԭҪ˵ĻЩ˵ڣĵײɵԹ̫׵ӡ
ϻǶ˵סȵϣ˿ûве˼۵׶˷Ƽٵĵǣ
֮ǰ޸úãΪȻ㣬޸Ѿﵣ㣬Ϊ㣬ҲΪת㣬ݸԶļҡ
ȻŮֵ˼ĻģȻҪһʱҲϣܼǵðĺã֮Ļźÿڡ
뷨ãȴȫûע⵽ʱеɫʱ
ó˳ǣЩ˵ᣬЦ£׶ˣʥطŮΪƷˣլҲһ͸ŮŮһ֮ŮѳޣȻٶ߶ݸ
ﺬӦ£Ȼϣظ˵ĻǿףϾȻ˼ˣôܻظ
ĵ㣬Ż˵ոǷ
õһĵЩζܶ˰뱲ӣŵƷ٣ŮȴһԾϣ˶Ʒˡ
ǡ
أýؾͲٿˣƵغŲˮ˿ż
ȴļĴεſڣһΪѣȻҪ˵ʲôȴֱֲӿڵģ
ֻûѲҪԿѯʲɣ
˰գҲЩΣĵ̲סţ޳ȥŮóȥˮվǶӿɿü۵һ˿ϲ
һƳɫЩЦˡ
£ҲٿһԵľ˼ʹɫҪڣվŵѾ˵
ѽˣѾʱˣӦý͵Ժˡ
ɫһҪ˵Ļ˺
ǸշӦ˿ɫЩ˼ԣþòףŮһʱʱ䡣
֮ǰ˵ǰӣúýЩǸؿȴǺֱʱҲˣһڵȸ׻ȥţҾͲˡ
˼ſվ˼վȻټţʹŮ
ֻǽԭҪ˵Ļһδ˵ĵױûš
վãȴЦôᣬһԵľ˼ϸķԸţ
˼͸ס
˼ɴӦЦӯӯ߹ȥվſڣһ롱ƣʮ㡣
ӣĵ룬ò˳ǵĻȥֻĵվһ仰Ҳû˵˦Ӿת뿪
˼һֱ͵ԺſڣŹ˵ݴߣ
һɫһڣü˼˼ȴһֱͷһ˦뿪
Զˣֱӣһ
صԺʱûغŲˮǰǸҪϻԺӵģ
˼һ͵߹ȥˣū澽͵ſڣū澿ɻǣ
ҵĽڲܺãܰ˴ߣǺýڡ
ûݸǰۣҲϲ٣бһ۾˼Цſ䣬Ͷ˲ʰӡԷȥ
ߵﻹδ޸ţ˴ɡ
һϷâ¶ǰ棬壬̧ͿüңЦЦ
ĵ׶ʱһɵߣԭ
е˦䣬õТһѹ˵ĭãǰȴǴҴһ¡
һӴ˸ĹԱͬţƽߵü֡
֮ȥǸԱڴ£ſ´߶
οЩӣλֶΣľҲӲϹ
ｩӣͷЩҾ񣺡¹ټ
۾ɨһȦȴʲôû˵ֱǰ˵˾ʲôüңݴˣ
ͷ¹١
ȻܲµλϵǸոλˣȴδòãͲüǲˡ
Ͼʱαϣɲʲô¡
ɿͷϵ亹ĵس˳ǣʵƾõҲ
һ˵ġ㲻úãȴҲȥ;þĵܣˣȻҲ˸ˡ
۾üɴЦȴоոսǵļһ㣬ĪЩ⡣
ݴ˲Ըϣʲô
ʵ⣬ȴشĵϸ룬Žػش
ؼĻ¹ٵĳŮԭ޸ϵٷˣ޸¹ĵ׵ǣص
ʵǺԭȵ޸Ͼ֪ûһԸԼŮڹһˡ
ջ˵˳һ˿̽˼
ٻó˼ˣȴҲֻǲ²⣬һǣǲ⡣
˵ͷЦŷһ䣺ԭݴ˺֮ǰϻĹϵ
ɫʱһԼ̽ûнôӡ󣬴ʱû
޸ף¹þܾŲѽŮ޸һʱңֻ˵Ʋ޸ĹϵҪ֪¹ٵĳŮлԼ
Ȼֹɫֹס˻ͷ
ɶȻϵİָüҹ߳ŵЦһ٣дżɲΣգһһԭлԼ
Ｑͷ󺹣̧ӺҲ˲
ǣǣֻǵ˿ͷ˵Ļ棬桭
ԺﱻǾ䡰ԭлԼռѹסĵ׵ӴżؿʱˣݴЩظɣ
Խﳯȥɫȴ˲
Ӳ֪ԭȻлԼǽ˵©죬ǲһֱ֪£
ȻԼ£⣬ĵȴ̲סһꡣ
ֹסȥ룺
ϲ񮂣ǶǶλԼйΣ
лҪ˵Լ뿴һ


50

ׯӸ, ɵ۵ף룬˵˾仰
ү, ¿, Ƿ˹, ǵʱΪܻὫ·˵
Ȼ
Ҳ˵ĵ׵ĸ, էȻǸϢ, ĵӿԼò졣
ԭǽӵŲŸϻġ
ۼӡԷǰ, ȴͻȻͣס˲, ɫӵһԺ, תȥ
ׯĵȻ޸֮, үֱȥӡԷ˿û
ĹǷԷ˵в, ֻΪö˵֪үԷ˵˼Ȱ, úүһ㣬Ͼүô࣬ΪÿɲԺӡ
, ү治ȥˣֿʼˡ
ɣЩɵؿڣүǷ֪Ų룬ĵ׻ǡ
ͻȻɫׯһ㶣Ѿþòү⸱ģ
˫ָһ仰Ϊλ֪
ׯӵͷӦˡ
Щ£˶ʧְ
ջߣ泯ȥֻŰָš
¶˲ֻĵվǲαؽǰ
˸ţֱȥһ·˱Ӫ
޸ӡԷ
ùź󣬾ϣҽ飬Ǿ˼˼˳ȥĵ̲סƣⶼʱˣүôû
⣬˶š
ʱȥүţԭΪԺүԷ˵˼Ǻܸܿϻģʱû
ΪԼĶСһߴ뿪ԺְĶһ
ͷĶδ䣬ָҽһǣҽϣȴһҲȥ
յּԭ˵ȻûɬѶЩ
˼߽ʱ˵̫ˣٵһյ
˼һ٣ͷȥʹλãҲܿд˵ī֣ſڣյͷСӦ
˼˳ȥĵЩңȴȥ룬ææֵһյ˽ȥڰϡ
ƣһ𣬴̵ۡ
ʶرۣǵָţָⷺŰף۽ӣûвԾɶ鼮š
ﰲЩ֣þҲз
˼˰Σ͵͵ؿڣˣҲǳ̫æүϻˡ
ղ˵æ𣿡
ʶѿڶԼ˵Ӧæͷȥ˼ɫ
˼Ҳ㶣βſڣ
ˣϢɡ
ʵЩܲգ̲ס飬ܺү᲻ܲܽ۾ˡ
úҵص˵ͷ˼̳ȥһյƣѾԡˣʱ˼źͷϴϢ
˶ȥֻһյš
ᣱ£ڴϣԼʧ̬Ǿ仰Щʧػס˫ϥ
ϲһ֮ϲһ֮ǡ
Χһת
Ը
߬Žɣɫˡ
ɻصʱ϶ǺЩ糾һӡԷķ򣬴Ժԡ֮󣬻ѲųӡԷȥ
һɫۣЩҹ⣬ԡ֮󣬷˿ʪ⡣
ʱգһηǽԺӣӴ
ûǰϵļˣԵÿЩֻһյƣҡҡλΣƽҪϨ˰㡣
ɷ˽Ųƿ˴ᣣŮӣ˯̺죬֪εʲôüȴǽһЩ
һǰƽü⣬Ƴһȴһ١
ŮӽǽţĴһ롣
Щԭ֪ʱѾϰ˸λ𣿼ʹ˯УҲˡ
ĵٿЩᣬͻȻԼյ̫ûе
Ьӣŵ˴齣ḧü⣬ֱﲻ֣ȴ˳գϸϸĦϡ
ɫؿŮӣ˲²͸顣
֪˶ã̾һӣЩıӡŮӶͷϣþδֱӡ
һҹΡ
ʽսԺӣͲԼ˽ڻ
һ㶣̧ͷȥͿԴƣ۵ӡ
ռƶůЩ
˵һʱûʱڡ
άƣãֱЩӲ
񣬺ضߴ˵ͳÿ
öȻӡһϼҪ˿ȴ˽§סװظ˸ߵķ˿Ҫû仰
˲Źļߵʣţÿ
ȵĺڶϣþЩȣȵðϸ
ʵӲȥ۾ƹˤʵʵ˵ÿ
ȷÿ
ɱһòĳҲǾˣĸòپ£ȴʧţò˭Ҫ˵һÿ
ЦȻգͳ˵
ȻþúÿԺոÿ
⻰ա£ԭ̺콵ӣЦӦ¡
һ˿Ҳɿ۵ףšüͷЩʡ
ʶؽ§Щ¶ۼ£
˲Ͳһ۵׵Ц⽥ɢ
ߵķΧû˵ֻصڡ
Σòس
үȥƽֿ߽
۽£ЩǽڣֻԼЩܲЩеûġ
ɺЦ££ʹӦ𣿡
ȰӺЩˣȥĶԡ
򴽣̧ͷȥվȥ
ΪΣšüһΪô
֪ƣɾϵҲǽԼ˵
߬Ž˵ֻǾմڸϣЩˡ
ɴкʶʲôȴ־Լû˼
ǣϸϸĻβ˵ֻǾƣ
ÿĬص˵ͷ
һҲȥƽ߽֣ǰ£óǣɺã
˽פڳ⣬Ӧȥƣ
ȴ룬£ú̧ͷүղæ
һƺ֪ǳЩεЦ£üġ
˵յϢ󣬾ͻ
ŮĻЩ֪Լû
Щͷۣ֪ˣձ㲻ȥӪһˡ
ݴ˵ĻЩȥ˾ӪһˣŻˡ
šüͷ֪վʲôϸʱͻȻһһ˵
ãδ㣬ÿɶ
һȻĵЩζΪĻ
ʵδΣֻзԼı仯Щ¡
§ס˵
үֻ֪ǡ
ֻ֪ǵӣδйԺ뷨
ȴ̲סĻţԼϲģ
лҪ˵Ҳ֪ûдԼҪĸо
ܾдòãͻŮе


 51 

˵Ҫó, ¾ͷԸȥׯӵϢЩ㵡
Ϊ£үĵ˸, ô˵, ҲҪϷ, վҪӪˡ
ׯĵײɵ࣬ͬʱõĵλĵᡣ
ƽʱĳ谮, ν, ҾȴǼĸ, ˴ȥӪ, ʹүؽ˷ĵˡ
, ׯĻ֪ںүĵ׵ĵλ
ո, ֶɢȥ
˼װúЩ߬Ҫȥ
§غŲ裬⻰, ʣò
һ죺ǵǡ
Ϊȥʩ࣬ŵܳδ˵ʲôĵ˵, Ǽٵġ
ɵ׻ЩԥΪԼݡ
Ժ磬ϵɫҲŵЩ
Ƴ, ÿյַֻ²豭Ķͷƽ׺˼ʲô
ú۵ŶͷбƳһۡ
ɵӣԸͷЦųԽԽˡ
Ҳúү˵Ҳúү˵ү˵ףǡ
⻰˵ùɣɫȴȫȻˣбһۣɿ÷Ц֮ǰպûˣɲ˼ˣ˵
Ǳ˵ˣñǽġ
ñƶ죬Ļһǲ˼ᴷ˵ļ򣬾ôһ֣ҲǵԼոˡ
´վ˸Щ䣬˵ʱˣүٲߣš
̧ͷȥɫüû˵ʲôҲվ
ֻ޸෽˶ţʹҪȥҲߡ
ѰͷҪȥ㡣
÷Ը˼ģʱɾվһԣƲƲ죬ֱȥӪġ
ǣҲ֪ˣǲ
һͷѣ֪ɻ֪
ͬһʱѾ뵽ϸģҪ
ݸһ£ĵЩ
ʹ˶֪˴£ƾɣ˭ָҵǰ˵ʲô
ʵʵĺôģֻڱ˵˵ȴֲܸˣαȥ롣
ãڸϲ֪ؾûˣȥ
οòźۼؿһɡ
վԣ΢ƵЦţľɫȫĵ׺
ĵС
߬߬Цɼ׼ˣ˲һͬȥ
óУһʱɲų
ٶ˵һͬ˳⡣
øմðͷͱһס͵ק뻳УδӦһ
ֱȵһһֶ̣˹һƥϣȻһƬգҼˡ
ɺȻЦһ£üţżá
ӦδԽ̰á
λεĵ飬⣬ɵһ
ò׺֣ȴ̧ͷȾϼߴεС˵күģ
ֵһЦû˵ͳӪضȥõ˵δ
̫죬ʹûúܺãҲЩ£סɡ
ɲźۼü۵һ˿Ц⣬ٶ˿δмһֱֱ˱Ӫ
ǴĴ󲿷ҾפڴˣүǱһŮӣЩȡ
ɱҲû̫˿ˣһ·Ӫǰ
յϢǸϹȥҲڣʹɫҲ΢٣ţǹаá
òӱܿɼˣļûж˵ʹųӪȥ
ʹֻǸʱӪҲǸܹ˵ģӪʲõʮʣɾˣȻҲȲøۡ
ôòϰߣӪִһͽ˴˳ȥ
ܶ˵үŮȴδۿĵ׺òУһȥ⵽ȫӪ͵Ŀ⡣
ɳףոʲôվɡ
Ȼ˼ʶһˡ
˿ûе飬Ӫõһ֧飬˸
ҾϹսľӣѵأӦԿһοеٮٮߡ
һÿĿת
ǳ߿һۣүڷǰҫȻϺȣ˵ı飬֪ˡ
ޱջߣѵʿ
һнɴóӪߣżɫ̺죬δ˵ӣãȴ˵סδֳ
ֻ˵ʱúס֣Ű׾
ү֮ǰ𣿡
һ٣Щ֪ôش
˵䣬ϰ䣬ôܲࣿ
Ϊףò˵մݵĹ⡣
µ벫λȻǱࡣ
ָŮӷ֬ϲ˲䣬Ц˵Ӧǲࡣ
գգ۾ҡҡͷ
źүδھսһսȫ
۾˵Ҳ֪ǰԺ֮£ȴ֪Թ֮Ůѧϰ黭Ůȣݳǣ˽¾Ͳ֪ҪѶٹ򡣡
үôܲࣿ
ٹ⣬֪ҪŬ
ȻսƴõĹôܱף
ɿþãüȾЦͷŮӵĶͷ
δټ⡣
Сš
ܹ˵Ҳ޴ǰǫ
ھӪţʳ㲻úãɻóԲߣȴ治ɫȫˡ
ƵϸСﵱûһǿģ
ɺĵ˺档
ŵãʹ޸ãΪ޸ǿڷҲΪ濴Ÿţ޸ʳסϲδãһǽʳġ
һھӪʱҲǼΪӦġ
ȴδʳȻ޸ߣǶݸǱ߳˲
ȻоɿɫеĿӣǳǳЦ£Ϊ
ǰżסͬΪ˺ÿģǼոҲʲô÷ˡ
Ҳûִ󣬿ɹµǰȻƫС
ͬ˵һҲΣʹ˵ˣҲᱻ⣬Ϊ㣬ǫá
ͳģȻȥͬҲͬﱧԹʲô
󣬰ﵹΪǷǽİĴҲ磬ӾҲعˡ
üһšõĹֲɱǨŭݸ
ȻȻضӡ˼֣ȵס
ɫ΢ͷԺת˼Ȧȴûͬ˵ˣ᲻ġ
ֻ֣Щ
۽ޣ⻰䲻٣ȴҪ˵
ûס֪еĿʱĵ׵Ƿֲڷй
ҪؾǣȻˣȻҪΪԼһ·㡣
ϲУϲ˿Ρ
Ҫȥǵ·ϣῴС
޸Ҳ뿴С
ǣȴףմ򷢵˵鲢δ˵ڣѰŻ
ĺ˵Щʲô뷨ɻδڣͽ˻ȥ
ȴ֮⡣
ŮñЩ
ȷˣȴҲɫ


 52 

Ǵͷ, 뿪Ӫͳ¶ȥ
ֻһ˵õ, ȴǼΪ, ñͲ, ʹ޸Ҳûиı١
ǰž˼, ˼żһۡ
, öһ, ЩεؿһԵ, ˵үҪȥ, αغҽһ
ĵ֣ϸ˳Өָ, ھӪʱϷָף۵ǲֻۣЩÿ, ûйߣֻţû뵽ɻῴôá
ԣü۲̧, ˵⻹Ϊ˰úãǱĵͬһ˱˿ࣿ
û˵, ֱӳ֣бһۣ
Ǳ˷ֺүͬһǲǽͲ塣
ǷΪ·ʹ۵ףҲɽ˵ɺϣŲţܹǲ˵ġ
ǹйŮͬһɺⷬ˵ôͳڣ
ŴЦδĻͬ˵ǡ
ް취ЩǷϵؿһۣջߣȥɡ
أ֪ʱԱߣϣ͵˸㣬˵ţġ
˵ŻͻȻͣ£˵µˣ˲
ݳΣµǱϴ岻١
뵽ϴ龰ЩȻش˴۽ޣȾ̺죬ҺһƷٵţۡ
ҲЦ£Ҳ뵽ǴΣû˸𰸣á
뵽һԵŮӣһ˿Ц⣬ôվԼߣվԼԸ
Ӵ˵СɮµľɫкãնȥһỊ̃ȾһƬƣǸ̤Уþżһ㡣
ЩȻ̧һƬƣƮŻ꣬ɷǺÿ
ŮǰⷬģﴽЦ£Ա˵ͻȻԹ𻨸ˡ
Ϊ壬һˣֻЩҴҵĸ뿪ͬվһԣʱʧЦҡͷˣ˵ʫҲҪһ⾰ɫǰýΪʵڣֻųˡ
һ죬һۣͬ˵̧ͳȥ
վԭüңһ۵ɵͨ泩һ
֪ʱׯӳƳһۣǰŮӻͷ֮ʣæ̧ϡ
°ý˼ҲЩ̵ϰ˰
Ϸķ۵׺޲ǲŷģ
֪ٴη𣬿ɴδһӦ顣
ֻģϣǲţȴɻžη֮ġ
ӴڳͿվſڵˣһɫгۣ䵭üҺȻһЦС
΢ֱֱݷ׿Լ
ʶ򴽽ǣ¶һ˿ǳǳЦ⣬ָЩһ̣ƺܸоĵ׵ļ¶
ףĵһĨǳĺۼȴ޷ӡ
óȥʶǣס˻δ߳ܣȻƮһϸ꣬գۼ䣬ͣŴڵϡ
ÿͻĴ꣬Щ㶡
ݳһ꣬Ӵûһˮ
⣬ȻˮģּͣҵЩۡ
أ˽᲻صسò֪ϧԼӣ
ûէȻЦգŴĵɿһ˵
үˣ
ҪЩɼ˲ʱΪƴǣԴȻ§꣬ڵӣ˵
ţˡ
һ꽵£ʹһĺҪˡ
޹ֺЩ˻ˣ˵üʧ̬
˹ˣ̫õ˸޷ɽԱߵɺȻ˵ǵȲ߰ɡ
Ȼû̧ͷ
ɿׯӣׯӹ¡
һһдɫСɮ߹ϲ⣬˵λʩͬСɮ
Щɻؿɣ֪Ҫʲôֻøߡ
ׯӳ֣ɡһţ׼Ҫһѽ˼رɽ˹ȥ
īɫֽɡˮϷȻը˳ɡ£ԳɡһֻǣżˣЩ죬ȴʲôû˵ֻߡ
һ˳ԺȥߵľɫĵȻƬ̣СɮʹǽһԺӡ
ƿţСɮվ⣬˵ʩڴЪţСɮȸˡ
ÿͶᱸЩ᷿ЩãʱСԺˡ
ԺӲȴУֻ滱µʯ˾ĵ
ֻǴʱûȥԺﾰɫһ˽֮ͿɣүҪޣ
һʱҲͣһ
صԼ磬һֽɡڲסˣñʵʵ½Ƕδʪ߼ȴʪ͸˰ɫ
˳ĶöʱӣҲ˲ýǷޣæǰü˵үôԼںã
ްɲδ⣬ӲȻꡣ
ԼѵЩȻ㲻ʲô
ż˵Ĺģ΢ɫŮӽϣĵΪá
˼˽ʰãһȲ󣬲ȫ¡
һҲů⣬ææѣĵ׵ǣ԰
һ٣˵õĶͷЩȻǷصأ֡
ñһ㶣Ļ󣬶ʱ֪ߣնʱͨ죬Щյشһ£
үնЩʲô㽫ʪ
Щ̣ãʱ䲻ٹǰˡ
ȭִһ֪Լ˼˵˼
òܹ˭˽ѣܲ
ĵΪԼţȴ̽סǱˣñ
˵ڣŮĹĵģɱЦ¡
Ǿ䡰۵׳ʩʱ⻰
ÿӣ۵׶Ǻõģʹ⸱ģҲ˵غÿ
ûӣšüͷƺЩʣЩ䡣
˵ţһֱߣȥ˿α
Ļʶؿĵ׶ЩǣҲƽϣü˵֪䣬£
㣬ȴҲԶˣΪԼͣ
δ˵ϵɫȴǽĵ׵뷨ʾһ
ĵ£Щϧ
ϸϸ£ôδ½һ룬Խÿϧ
ǸոûǾ仰ʱǼ˽¡
ûȥԼ£һԡ
ôæδһ⣬ɴʱҲûлϴѣÿһۣĵײɱЩǡ
ǲ˵˺Ϣġ
˵ȥСɮһѡ
䣬δתͱס£˿ûв˼ֻЦţ⵹أҵһɡ
ߵ˲ôûɫʱǻȥȡϴˡ
Щؿ˼һתҲŲµ˼˳δ֡
һӵʱ䣬ű죬ȥţׯӵһл֮󣬲Žȥ
򿪰˲䣬òɱȾϺϼ
ЩߵصɣüЩ޹Ͳ⡣
ҧͷﲻֹɵѣһġ
µ£һ
øȥ룬ԺѾ߽ѽׯʱɫ
лҪ˵ǣ֣v齱Ҫѽ
۵úѽ~
ףǽ⣬Դ~
ٸղһרԤİɣǣ


 53 

⴫, ɿͨģü£Ჽǰȥ, , ŵôˣ
ýó, û˵˾䣺ûʲô
ѵݸü˵Щϡ
ĵ, ģ, Լ軵ˡ
ǰбһ, , ѽӹ, ȴûдǷһ, ֻŽԼ§Щߣĥ˵
Űã䡣
ֻЦ, ֽƿϸü㵵ɣ˵صأүЩ
ʧȥ˼, ˲յģƫɿվԶˣЩ޿κΡ
, ЩʱԼӿЦ
õǺĲһֻܽϣȻ˿
ֱÿòȻ
״ƵƳһۣү
ЦЦòġ
һ죬תȥһ֪ߡ
Сȴ
߽齣ɣüӺ潫˱ţգֻøո˵ʲô
һ˴ϡ
Ĵ齲縮ϵʣֻǴʱø޷˼һ㡣
ѹϣһֻ˿ãƫϸϸܵǣӶͷǣǵϸ£ͣǣ£Цŵţ
ðӡ̺죬βһĨģƲߣЩس濴һۣس˵үЩ
վڷ£㣬ȥҪҪˣ
ûģĥһֻֽ䣬֪ʱѾ⿪ʱɢӣ˵ţ
ǲ֪ߡ
Ϸ˵ǴѾȵϣȻ֪ʱǲȥġ
Щйأ߷ߣͻȻҧ˼
㣬֮Ϊüһûĺۼ
֪ڵʲôЦ˵꣬СЩ
ûδӦʱѾ̽˽ʶسȴȫڿУƴԹ㣺СЩò±ˣ
ߵͨ죬Ӳ£Ⱦ˴ɫָ߬ŵı죬ָȾϷɫ˿ɫ΢û˵Ϸ˼
һнɫѰ
صڴ棬ŭؿɣսŴɤѾЩƣ˷Ը˽ʰԼڱߵزҼˡ
ЩʧЦȥֻǸж򴦾һۡ
ûסӦҧסĵ߷ߣ˿û顣
ǺϣǻָۣδޣǴʱʹɣҲһ
˿Լϵۣôʱ䣬֪
Ȼձֳ⣬Լڱ˾̽ͷ͸Ǳˮϴһ㣬űӽԼס⻹δ£Ⱦ˼ֵǣ
û°ɣ
ְ˰˿ƳŮӼӣšüͷ˵ƳѪˡ
ɫһ䣬æֽ£ƿ£ͼһӡȷǳѪ
ʱЩ飬Ȼ۽ޣر⣺
Ǻүҵġ
ɵͷɫؽ§ڻ˵Ʊþͱˣɺã
΢죬δ˵̬ȴ֮ǰ˿
ɱżˣ۵ײźۼһ˿Ц⡣
ã߳ʱĵɴŻˮ
ͣˣһȻǻ˸ۡ
յϣɻδ뿪˾˵ݴˡ
ŸûˣƬ̣ɫõ뿪ˡ
ɿϣżϵҩࡣ
ԣõĶһ٣ס֣Цһɫã
ͣ£ųɵūûпݴ˵ȷǷȥġ
ɳ´ǣЦЦô硣
ŵͷһͣЩͷ£æȥ
÷û˵Ļֻɵļ˵̧֡
һҭЩؿϵİײȴֱ̧ۣøΪ˿ڣЩЦã
˿ڣҪ㣿
óŴЦ£ͬɸոյıʮƣбƳ˵պү˵𣿡
һʱǣȦס
һ룬Ȼ֪Լֱƭˡ
ڨЦ£ȴǲٿΪһӡϣ˴ļ
ŵһֻ֣õڰϣ˵ĻƳԱߵһۣɫţ
ݸʱнõˣ
ãü۲̧δֲԾֻػţݸٳȻûеġ
ĸ׵Ƿˣɺã
䣬ɾͲԱߵ˶һ٣䲻Ƭ̣ͻָȻĵȴһ
ý˿ڴã̧ͷЩؿүôЩ
ЦЦֻǺˣò˵㲻ˡ
ҡҡͷûʲô˵ġ
ϵɫЩһԵĲˮһڣ˵ֻǲ֪òĶ˵𡣡
ü֣Ʋ˵ǰÿϲң
̸ϲϲ˵ʵ˾һҶһͦõġ
о˾ڣݸȻȵ
˶٣ָ˱ڣɽķӦ۵ףźۼüͷֺܿɿֻ̲Ҽ޸󣬾ʹδйˡ
״Ʋ⣺ΪΣ
򴽣̧һۣЩɣĸ˵˾˼ҵı磬ʱ»Լ
δȻЩɣȴɴ󷽷˵˳
һһɡ
Ȼĵ׻Щ޵⣬ȴòʱһȻʱܺ޽ٵ˵ʹǶλˣѾںˡ
Ȼܸоı仯ƫƫͷү⣿
뵭˵ǣǶߣջǲȻصͷ
ĵ΢һ̣·ʲôۣһĨЦոױͬү˵˴£Ժү֮󣬾תˣ
ɶһˮغţǲͬӡ
üЦˣǶɣΪ
˲֪ѵﻹ֪ܲνĻ²ʱĸĸ£ǴδǱּ
Ѳµ޸ȴдԭȴǰ˵ⷬǺ˼
ս֣ĵ׶ʧǵŮ㣬ܽƣ
ʱ޷﷢ֱýӵϣ⻰Ϊβͬ˵ĵף
үȻ£ֻ
ɽסӣˣЩ޴룬ʵԭʵġ
ʱЩԾֻźˣﻹ£
úۣ˳£ҧ˵ʶʱͲһ𣬼Ȼүں£ֺαرǰ㣿
ɼʱĵϧĻЩͷۣʱй˼ǳζˡ
Ĩȥ۽ǵᣬţÿˣۡ
ðãէŴ£Ȼòʣÿɶ
˵ţЩίֻЩζ㶼𣿡
Ĩһᣬۿ֪˵ĵ׶¸ңſǻϧ˵
ү֪ĵײ˵ֻǶԽԽԶ
βĿǻֱ۵üʱǰ޵ݹ
ĵ׺޲ý˵ϳȥͶʮ£òȽ˺ã֮£Ǳˣԭ±һοɺã
Ͽңö£˵պ㣬үҡ
ɺݺüʣ´Σ
ѹβűһ䣺Ȼˣǰýվͬ˵ûмδҲʡñ˴
̵ĻһӣŷӦ
ŭҲǣЦҲǡ
βЩүЩʲô˭Ůӻᶨ£
ϸ룬ȷˣֻһʱúͿˡ
ֻЩĵʣûˣ
ٿȻֳ̧һָү£ȥ칫ɣ
ӣɻʲôףЦ½ҹ
±ڻŸոµϵۣڲᣬʣ
ûδ˵Ϊͬ˾˼Զˣ
ÿãŴĻлôһ⣬ڵô黳һ£ȻҲûʲôˣ˳˵
Ҽ޸ǰдͬ˾˼˵λԸǧ˻¡
Ƴһˣҧһ䣺ǰ˾Ѿˣ
ɷû˵Ļšüͷû뵽лôһ⡣
Ҫ޸ʱı飬۵һ˿⡣
Ȼãÿɺ޹ظ
֮ǰںĸ˵ֻûв鵽Ϣԭιϣʱ˼˲Ъˡ
ö£ҡҡͷޣ޸ֻ죬˾˲ԸΪҵ޸Ҳ֮顣
˵Ļ޹ظȴҲûĽ֮顣
ɫ΢żϧָ̧˸գ˵˾䣺
ơ
ʹ˵ûô֮ͨˡ
ǻڹظʱǣظɷԹģ
ûȥ𰸣ֻǵͷá
лҪ˵齱ˣϲСʹ~


 54 

˰, ҶƮЩƣϣһҽ鷭š
ʱ뿪
Ͼʱûж, ͱ˴, ̧ȥ£
, ݴˡ
򴽣, £Ŷ, ҽ, ˻δ뿪, ϴżֳ, ΢٣ʲô£
ط˵Ļݴ˲Ƕǰ, ݶ
֮ǰ޸Щϵġ
òźۼӣᳶǣĵԽ˼ֲ͡
ŵɫҰ׻ȥ, δģ
ȥǽԺ㵽
뿪ϵЦŹѵЩ˼æǰΪͷϵĲҡ, ЩһѾأִš
¶һĨǳЦãױˣе, Ҫ뾡취õ
˵ᣬɾ˼ȴǴһ˿
ҲЦǰǺүȴ˰ڲ
ѾվˣСĵطˣո꣬ϻЩ
һȵǰʱ򣬾Ѿ֮
ýȥʱţƲʲôɫЩͷģ
հ㣬˵ͷһס
δڣоƲƲ죬Ц㣺Һ͵õȡ
ָĻò̲ƳһۣҪòǰӣҲ׼һ¡
ǲ֮ͣ˼෬Ҫ
Ļֻɫ΢䣬ĵײϸԼʱͬգЩ
οԼ˵αִͬ
ˣб˱죬Щίȴܿ¶һǸ⣺պǵˡ
һԵüͷƫģ԰һԶŮ۰ʱίģԴؿã
СЩܣҲ
üҵЦ⵭Щľ˼ȵؿһۣū澼ǵݶǷͬ꣬Ѳū澼Ǵˣ
䣬þһۣ᲻صֱ𱸵죡
˼ææū֪
ôЩǸת׼£ŮֱڿЩ⡣
ֱڿ죬˵Ļûˡ
ɫһĵ΢ЩΣȴԽ޴ҵ˵Щʲô
վѾˣĵҲݸˡ
ʱѾ߽ϲ裬һ̹𻨸
Ƽ𻨸⣬ɫ΢٣Ѿ˵շ˵Թ𻨸⣬ճˣū澾ͳ
òԾڴǣǷͬ˵ġ
̸ģԲҪ˵
һ𻨸ŽУ壬Ҳ֮ЩˣҲǰ㲻ˣϴǳǳЦ
ոѰŮҪ£
̸⣬ֱӣƳһźˡ
ֻû˼ĵ˵׷ģֱ˵ǣܰ︸׵ģŮԵȫΪ
ûԼ˼üͷĵװȴҲٴʧλᡣ
ЩΪѵؿڣݳжฮ⣬֪
Ůڸ£Դ˵ҲжţĻգЩյ̰٣֮ңõͷһ̣ȴЩ⣺ô£ݸ²޲ף赣ǡ
һϵɫƬ̡
ҪλػѵҪ˵ݸʵף
һԵпۣЩΪѵؿ˵֪Ļ£ֳ޸֮ߵü޸ĵ׵ǣݸ
ͷҲһΪѵǡ
ָĹ𻨸ⱻ飬ЩЦ
£޸߽
˵ߵǷǣȴ˿ôûз֣⸸׺Ͷ֮ˣ
еü⣺ɸͬ˵£ŮһˣԴҲΪѽ
кɵؿЩţ㣬Ѽˣݸվ꣬ɼȣ
䣬ñһۿ÷죺
ڶУΪ𣿳֮£һ˼ܰﵽʲô
οеöˣҲǷǲ֮ˣȻƽ˴硣
Ļ϶˼ֲȻ
㣬׶ƻɣ˵統ʲôõ£
ôܣмæʹҲҲôֳΪˡ
Ŀڣһģ
Ȼˣ׺Ͷ÷ľǣϲ޹˷
һ飬ĵװ˸ۣû㵣磿
ֲ˯
ɫЩڣֱֱؿã㵱Թۣ
ñ˵һ㶣ž˼վûȣżֿЦ
ӲҪҹܣǸ׵ͬŮ˵˵Ůιܴ£
ﲻȥίӣƿߣɻ˼ȴ˿ûлͣæһ仰¡
û뵽˼˵⻰ֱЦˣ׾üƾʲôҵģ
һԲ˾仰˭˲֪ͼĹϵǰװʲô
û˵ɫȴҲ˼
ﳹͻȻŭ
ȻǵжһͼɫȻ
Ȼִ֪磬ֱжȥ
Ҳ˵ҹΪʥ׷ĶƷˣǼݸ߹Ҳ˲²⣡
Ļ䲻ǳȥȴɫһڣ˼ͼݶҪø߹ݲ
һȴǹŲӣ˵Ѳ˵ˣ
߬Բ˵˵ˣΪ˵ʵպͬ뿪ݳʱЩܲµġ
ɾΣѵͼĹϵҪǴռ
ڣȴƳԺӰջߣ˳ǣܿеĻ˵
Ȼ׷ҪŮִ£ŮԵ
ԣһϲЦá
һĨ̲Цȱ𼱡
üͷſڣŮûôȰһ£Ůȴǿ԰ﵽ׵ġ
£
óǳǳЦ£̧׳ʾ⣬һһ仺
Ȼͼһ棬˵壡
ЦᣬȴӶɲǼ佩Ӳһͷȥ龰
ʱȴͷܶġ
ӱһЦЦͷֱ亹
ݴ
лҪ˵ں򣬵ٶķСʹǵò~
ǣղһԤİɣôô~רղգǣ
ƫҪö衷һ ôȣ
飺
Ԫʮ꣬ѡ
Ʒ֮ŮԲλ
һòŴӣƫ
븮ջˮƶʲ˵Զ
ֻЦ
ЦͬүŮˣö裬ƾֶΣֻҾͱã
£ƽ⣬ҪģҼȻûռλãƾʲôҵ𣡡
֪ǺˣԺҲûк
Ƶ类ںԺǿھ
ջˮСۡװסŮ
ף
Ůֶξ޴Խûµ˼
ˣ˺
լ
ƫ裬˫룡
û߼ڴգ


 55 

΢ɪ, üž
бɵĵ˸ֲ˶ԭء
ȴô࣬ô, Ѳͷ, , ôΪԼ
ǰӯӯ񣺡ү
һ, ЩȻ, , δйˡ
һҲļž, ȷӦ, 밲¹ټ
ææ
ֻ·δˣ΢šü, ûǰֶ̫ȣֻף
𡣡
ǵһ䣬Ҳвߣ˵ʱ, 
ĵԹԹõĲТϸ֦㲻˾顣
˼ȴǰֲ¶ֻѾƵ, üһģЦЦݴˡ
, ڳյüα鷳ˣ
ﻹ񣬶ͷð亹˵ԻֻЦүأ¹ֻǽŮѣ򲻸ͷү
ԣ岻Ц
ǾǷűʱˣ
ֲ̧˲ͷ亹һ⻰Թûλߴĵ
м˶ŵĳĵ׽ѣ߽ʱʧ˰̵˰Ǵˣ
òв黭ǿ
ֻúӣһʱĵֻɫ֮ˡ
˿̣ɶŮүȻ޴ģֻǴ˵˼úүˡ
ñ˼վһԣԣ̧ƳһۣǷЦ
ͻȻ廰תƵϣ߬䣬΢죬۰Ͱ͵ؿ
úȻô̧ۣ֣ƲϵĲյһ
Ӧ΢ü۴˶٣ɫ˲ȥ
Ц󸮵ĹصǼá
һ仰ưƱᣬһʱ⣬óȻӻ
Ҳÿˣֻã˸ոǾݴҪǺ⣿
ʵȫ˼˵ĶԻһ䡣
ʵ𣬾ʹݸǲͣԲ顣
ڣҲ֪
תתϵİָǳһĨЦˣ֮󽫴½ɾñǡ
ֻܹһӣζᣬȻҪ֮ˡ
˿Լкβԡ
ò֪ĵ׵뷨ֻûﳯʹɫһһʮһ䲻ؽոյȫ˵˳
˵֮ʱɫҲ˳ףһƬɷס
Ҳû뵽ø˵Ͼ㽫صʵټĵãҲı䲻˵Ļ
üҵЦԽȻû뵽ﻹôһ
ð飿
Тʩѹ
пɵɫ֪Ϊĵ׷ȴŶ£æ
ɣӺһȦ淺ί˵ϧү죡ŮͼҸû˵˻
ḧ˸䣬ؿڣ
˵ԩ㣿
ҧҧ꣬ίΪƷˣ
Ц̧Ƴһۣ
Ҳкүˣүʹǡ
ɫӲ뵽ﾹмˣ
Цˣŷ˵ġ
˵գƫͷۣ˿ɫݴΪɷѿģ֪£˵£ԩɡ
ɫɷɷ׵ģһˣȻŪɳ׾
ϥ½еĶ磬Ϊӣ˵֣֮մѹһõȥˣֶԽʣĵŮĮȻ
ʱֱ֣֮ͬЩ͸ɹˡ
ɽһ仰ʹݴ˻ǻظϢɣպ¾ͱˡ
Цһ岻ɻȴ׹̶
˵ݴΪһ˶ְأ
һ̳·࣬ȥɫش
¹ٲҡ
˱áĵصͷüҴЦƶĻشΪģ
վһԣܴģӶ
ɫ΢ף֪ô˵ʲôͼǸ̶ԭĵ⡣
ɼǵã˵ݸеӣòãʵΪá
˭˭ǣںֻ֪ڹʱðί
ԣ˿ڣ
Ϊֹ󷽣ԭΪǹ󸮽ãռ£žˡ
һ˵أҲأ˵أҲͲء
ֲ˵нá
ǰֻдܴʱһ룬ûзָйע
ɴ˻ȥЩҹ˶ʹһ
û˭Ըͬԣ˳۵ˣȻȢ
˵̫ܲ⣬ǶЩ˵ٽЩҲ޷οһС֮ŮΪ˼ǵòʧ
кеʱӡ
ʱڴˣᲽ߽ãס֣ôղȥѰˣ
кãбһۣЦ£
ȻúүȥӪҹ𣿡
һҭӣڨЦ֪ˣÿҹ°ɡ
ñһ䣬ʱ̬ȣһԣһ𻨸
ȥЩ£̧ɣ
үǵҵĻ
ܽ棬峺βṴ޶һ⣬̬ȵŴ
ɶȴ˼ֲ˵Ļǵá
ûе棬ЦЦǳԡ
ôûпţ·Цһ࣬ߣһһ䣬ĵ
ҪסˡЩ˵Ƕǵã
Щʱ䣬ȫ˵ĥߣҳֱǺһܽ档
յؽʣµİУŶ߷߶ԣ
ү߯ǻƣʲô˵
һԣбţнζسŸ㣬ԣüһ޹
ÿԩ˱ǰòűĻһһ
ڵһվʹʱٲҲֵĵɴʱȴȫȻֻӣͬ˵ƫ󴦱ץס
ֻúŭصЩſң
ǿɲУɿߵһ洺ɫ΢ȣȴһأǷſ˰ãպƽô죿
ҧӿһȦίɫ˭ˣ
ɿĻţȴԾΪԼռǳأϵԼĵλƽЩǰԽˣɲУ
ǰ˵űˣűĻϣ
һ仰˵ЩᣬЩζӶԲЩ
֪ԼԶ˵ձмǺ޵ڴʱȫȻӲá
ĵװ޳ܣ˵̹̹һ˿֮⣬ȴ˿취Ҳޡ
ֻϷҧгݵأҼˣүãô᲻źү
ɷ˿ĲԸüһĨЦⰻȻֵصͷ
á
лҪ˵˵үô¶Ƹĺ
ޣϷҼã߯Ҫ


 56 

Դ֮, þδݸ˵š
źֹȥݱ㽥һº, ٴεƽ߽֡
ʱƽ߽Ѿ, ˷, ƽ߽Ҳòӵδڳɶѵ
˫ָ, üЦ, ɷˣ
ұûеĹбһ, תȥ
, ĵЩź, ֪յˣл
ѹȥ̫, һ֮Ե޷ȥ̽ࡣ
ЦЦĿķǣ
ƽ߽Ѿɨɾ, ЩȻɼĳƻǰתѹȥ˽ҡ
ЩԶʶү, Ѿˡ
΢٣üҸֵЦû˵, ֻš
תǴŤͷһۣﷺЩ˶δ˵˼վԭδ
һ·е޸
޸ʹǰûʲôסӡԷԺӡԷԶ칫Ժǿ£ŵ޸ֻסӣҲδÿտ
ѹ԰粻ɫ÷ֿʼðѿ
һ·ߵӡԷѾ߶ЦŹ
òŲǰһˡ
˼ҲЦ⣬˵ˣպǻԽԽõġ
΢Ц⣬ҲЦͷ
˵ûԽԽõġ
ݸʱ򲻱ӣ黭ԶѣŮΪʱ࣬Ϊͨ
նһңǱҪġ
ϣߣ뵽յĳЩΡ
ҹɫŨһյƣЩƵò̫
΢ᴭż컡
ö˼Ѿϵӡ类Ҳֱ֪ĥϣһίġòϲŻȻ
˰Σƿ֣Щεؿү˵ʲô
᲻ϲ
ʱϲ
ԭΪУνӢ۾ЦԣɵԾ󣬲ŷг龰ûе
䱻ס㲻ֻܳ˫۵ϡ
һͷıԹŪЩί
һ˫ӾھʹЩߵӣżֲү˵壬Ϊ˵
ɽӵ뻳УĴÿɻң
ֻܱ棬ķ˿̺ϼϣ䲻⣬ȴɹʵػش𣺡ġ
ֶ˶Խί߳΢
ׯյһҡ
ɿߵ˵ǰĽŮ͵ġ
죬Щ˼ȴʣ
ׯӣδл䣿
£°ֻͣܿԼЩ

Ǻү˵ġ
΢٣ϱʪķ˿𵽶˵δ͹ң⴦ׯӶ硣
˵⻰ʱһֱãʱʱ̾̾Լ
һƬûס˰䣬ޣ
үҪֱ˵ǣο̬ⷬ
šüһЩ޹ҪֻͻȻ뵽£˵밢ˡ
б治Ҫ
ǰ£뱾Ҳ¡
ԥ£˵ⷬ
ֱ﷭ȥⷬװģ
ɶ˶٣֪ͻǲͣĵȴǽ˱øЩ
ʵĲׯӣǾ¡
˾䱦ңЩɣһ֪С
֪Ǿλھģֻʶʱ뵽öѡ
ϸϸ˵Щǲ⣬ȴϲö͸¶˳
ñ̲ס¶һĨЦȴǽĻһһĵס
һ˵Ҫһ
Ҳ
һ紵ô˸Żع˼ææСЩϸߡ
Щ룬ýгεĴһԣ˼к𣿡
Ǿ˼⻰һȵؿ
ˣǾؾѽ
ŷӦк˵£ֻʱδ⣬ûϡ
۽˲ˣؾǺүأ
۴һʱЩʧδ˵ڴ¡
κԴԼ塣
ʱ˼ȴǳҪؾˣǺүҲҪ೤ʱˣ
˼͵Цۣѹ˵
ʱ򣬷ͬү뿪󣬾ҲҪˡ
ٺãҲǷ˵ĵء
һۣ㻰࣡Ǹ˿߸ҡ
˼ͷ֪ߣ͵ЦŲ˵
ùźҲδ˼ȥһˣʱҲ֪Ⱦŵǽֻ
Ƴһۣջߣôˣ
ˣū˵ݸ˹λ
˼˵ЩɣСشõɫġ
ϾٲͷվǷ˴Сĵط
ֻڳʱƬ̣ǲδĺ޲
Ｘʱ֪ݸǸɾġ
ȻˣԸѺݸǰ˹ְǽˡ
ݸ̫飬ԲʲôܣգҲǰ˵Ƿ
˵ףݸ㣬Ǿȡˡ
òȥܣҲܲˡ
˼δ¶ʲôĵɫųһƲƲ˵ǶǾȡܷˣڻ˰æǹ޳ܵģ
ݸǱĵģµȻ֪˼޸ݸŮ١
ˣҲû˵ʲôֻһۣԡ
̸£˼˵䣬Ҳͽ׿
ɣһֻңټϾ˼æɻʱֻձˡ
ɴһ˪̤ʱľǣŮϣسģһ˿עҲδϣȴƲĿ
Ⱦ˼һʱŻ񣬳ǳЦǳԣ
ˣ
˰ָٿȻһЦš
߽§ڻٿϵңԼҪģɿһæµڴˣЩۣ䣬Ƴ
۾ɾۣ
ش𣬼仰ȫ˳

עӡ
ȲðҪ
˽úֻۣܽһ˲˵
Ѿˣ˶٣䣺û£󡣡
˵üۼȴȫЦ⣬ůůᣬµ˲ܽޡ
˵ȻǼٻ֮ǰͽ깤ѡĲɫ岼ϣϸ֮£ŷһͷͻڽ䴦ϸߣһá֡
ģ̫òߣЩ裬ǰ˲ٲϣָ˼ۣŵôһҡ
Ž䴦Ǹָ֣΢ʱ㣬Щš
ЩС˼ϣ˽ҹϣͷʱ뵽
ҵݸʱղϼЩ᣺
ҵһүպá
Ҳȥֺ񮂸һܷټȷһ˶
۽һֱţɬͽţһνԼʱʵЩǲ壬룬ʱûҩҲͬڲɡ
һΣɫ۵ףұУǸ֣ʱһͿ
ŮӵĲ˵
ҲǱһŮ
û͹ɰãҵһ¡
˵鰮һʣǾڽӣȴԴ֮Աǡ
ʱǵظᣬûһʶĵȷȷϡ
յһңȴ
лҪ˵ү̫ƽˣյϱ͵ʱ׶ˣôҪԿڣ
ңǲң塭
үܳˣ
ңص⡭⡭


 57 

ѽָյķ, գۼ䣬ѵ
һѩȥ, ݳƱһƬع, ѩãã, Ƭƶ
˼򿪴紵, һ˸, ȴǽͷӴȥ, ҿ˿, ˹ת
ˣѩˣ
ùŽ޳ȹ, ѩ׺Χڲ䣬Щ, ڴԣڵ齣Ըȥˡ
ֻ̧, 㲻Ȥջߡ
ڽϣٿⷬѩ˼ļɼòôȤģ, ԰ԼļᲽ߹ȥ
, ¸ϵĺ÷ãⷬѩһζãճȥ
ûӦ˸ž˼ЩŴ֥ڵԲҧһھݽȥ
ȥ̫䣬԰ȥȲû
˼һҭ죬Ȱ
Ҳûо˼ֱۣϲȥ棬Сı
˼Щԥҡҡͷ˵ū澲ȥ
Ӷȥūŵģܰĵȥ֣
òµ뷨ǳЦ£βţһĨ飬þ˼һ
񣬷ԽԽƲˡ
ʱŮЦ˵
ˣȥɣﻹôźţްġ
˼⿴һۣããһƬѩеȷȥȷ㹻źţ˷ӣ˳ȥ
óӣпڴͷ£˳Ŷ£⡣
̿Ϻõ̿һ˿̣֪үǴŪģʹˣ̿Ҳ˾ƣֻһֵķ϶ͨůδʧҲ˾ñơ
ǡͨ΢ĴÿԿľ˼
Цͨ죬һԵСѾ߲֪˵ʲôƬ̣֪Ǵѩ̣ѩˣ֮һƬ
ΣЩʧ
ѩⳡѩͺ֮ǰֵĲһ
һѩԼǵãǰ
ʱոʮ꣬еһĦ﷣ùһҹ
ǵһҹ䣬ֻһŵλŵӣˡ
µѾߣѱǲһʣ
ʱɱȥ
ҲͬʱһƮѩһҹͺƸס
ڹϵĴǰŹƴؿԣ˿صڴϣҵȥ
츮ϵĳͻȻ˺ϵĴȻܹ
ܺڣ˿Ʈŵİѩ⣬ƿһ˿ԵɫѰ򣬱ҪƣɹѲܸѾá
üǵãʱ꣬ãȻ޴ؿŹϣֻ֪ȥ
һҹûеȵֻȵѾߴһ䣬үڰԺЪˡ
ǵãʱѾ߿źתǾ仰
ⲡҲһյˣͲشүˣūͬү˵
ҹƽ˺ѩۿŹϵɴӿ⣬ֱ
ãûеҲûе
ֱڶҪĺ˵ﱻУʱȥ˸߲ҵغͰ˵ŻĻʶü˵˾䡰
ԭأŹϵĺ£һҲû塣
һ̣ã޼ʵķѩһ仰䡣
ﱻвСײǸûбס˻ӣҲ޷С
ʱվԶƬɺɫͺƹϲǰǴεС㣬ʹ
УϿǸ
ϣΪУֻйһ˶ǰá
ʱҲ룬ǵʱĹϲ۶᲻ùһЩ
ϲȴºͣȥ
ʵ֪ǺˣһƬķϣô˿Ϊ
ϸģʹЩֶεģΪˣעע⵽ĬĬŵˣһƬ̫֪࣬кأ
ʧͻȻûδע⵽
ɴҪߵǰûзӦЩȣϣ˴˸Цջ֣
Щʲôδ֡
ûֱ˲գֱϾʪ⣬Բӣ
үˮգ
ƫƫͷûпϱԼŪˮգ˵ոջʱƼ÷ϵİѩһ֧Ӧʱմϵİɡ
òϵˮ˵
ѩˡ
תתϰָۣϸشͷһĲϵˮרעȴЩʧ˲𣬸ոսʱģ
źۼüͷЦ⣬ɫʣΪΣŮӲϲѩ𣿡
ֱϵˮգҲϸϸزøɾԣüδֻ̧˵
䡣
ֻǾãѩʱ̫ˣƺǰ㣬Ӱ
٣мļѩ죬ø䡣
£ѹЩ̧ͷɣЦүƺ˽ŮӰ㣿
ʳָͷ⣺ǣƽ׺˵
ھʱЩӸŹŮϲѩ÷²ˡ
ú˵Ц˼䣬͵˼ͷϣ̧ȥ⣬ﱻѳһֺѩˡ
ؾôһݣԱ˲һˣ˽ֱ۴䣬ؽ§˳־ͷ´ᣣסߡ
øҪתͷ˾Ѿʲôĵ£ͬ˵˵
һЩ֮УϸУ㲻Ծ˳ҲΪ档
תͷţֱ۶ϡ
⸱ɵģһ
ôӣƽȥʱҲͬ㣬Ʈһҹѩ
ɸ˿ϵһ٣Ҫοɿƽɫȴ֪οڡ
šüͷԼЩ
̫С֪˵ЩʲôǺһ仰˵
ÿ뷨Цϸȴƽ
үҪ˵ʲôοҵĻ
Ц˵ʵʣΨһźҲδܼһ档
ڹϵĵġ
һĶҲܹ⡣
һòǼݸŮҲ֪ʱò֮ˣǵŮӻϲˡ
϶Ѿ㹻ãûǸΪĸ׾ͱһȫŮ
Ѿ㹻ãֻǲҵأǡ˰ˡ
ɼ˵棬ḧ˸ķ˿΢̾Ѿȥʮ꣬ʱ飬ʹ飬Ҳ鲻̫ࡣ
֪ʱʲô˵ʵⷬ
²ֻܾȥο쵽أҪȥ㣿
ɫ糣غûһ˿ŤͲʣóݸУֻǱŽĵ׵ģҲԸ棬ġ
ЩŤؿҪ˵ʲôȴû˵
ֻǵȻؿҡҡͷ
ˣ׵λݸݸ㣬Һαعȥ
οĲԸͬݸйϵ
뵽˺ݸĹϵԼݸ˶̬ȣššüҲԸȥЩˡ
۾ͻȻڣȻǽ
ݸ԰õ̬ȣҲɿĸҲƴȥ罫λ
΢δԥһҡͷܾˡ
һİĽףǲԸġ
ʹǵʱҲкβ֮⣬벻ϻԭ򣬶Ը뿪ݸ
üͷԸ
һİĽ
벻ͨкֵðĽģ
οĸŮõ£һİĽͻȻȥʱãǺ飿
ΨһԼõĸȴһĶǸƫĸף
ΪĸģǷҪȥֺ
ò֪Щʲô֪ǻʧЦϵȷǸ˳ӣֹ˵ˣҲˡ
Ľﲻ٣ɶõһƬĸĳҲ档
ȻЩȴ֪ʱֻӿһۣŮӱýЩĲ䣬Ƴ
պбڡ
ٽ۸㡣
лҪ˵ҿжǲҪؾ
ȷˣûɶ
ǾǱ£Ůܻȥ
Ůؾдʱߣľа취ѽΪⱾϱͬһ磨
ģǣһᶬȥȥģ


 58 

ǳѩƮվɢȥ, ѩʱ򣬾˼ڻ, û˵ʱȥѩ¡
һ, Ц, ˼ȵض˶ţ治
ֱƽ, ̽ͷ, Сã, ٹձǳϦˡ
˶, ԽСЩѾ뿪¶, үҪȥꣿū˵ʹжġ
үǵ, ӦҪؾǵİɣ
˼϶˼ֳɣ񲻹վ͵أôһ㶯Ҳû
ǵãݵ, ӱҲҪյ·̡
΢΢һ㶣һ磬ԭȾؾʱʵ, ҲʱƽȻˡ
˼һɫԼµ, ЩΣЩɻ
ʹ˲ʣүǱô˿ҲûУ
ûо˵ãһõģθЩѣֻóЩ档
ɳҲŪ˻ɴӾǴģҪԭ޸ĴҪࡣ
øϲϲˣҲһԭȵˡ
ͭľϰżŸɾ̣װŸֵϣ棬Щϡ棬Ƕ롣
˼ϲ˾ϲó档
ЩŵĶӣЩĶȴҡҡͷ
ˬڣȴЩˣʺʱԡ
ӣĵģƽﶼҪ䲻˵ȴǲɫؽֹЩĶ
ϲзͺϺЩɫδϿˡ
ǵã̫ҽ˵Ļ
úпɻеõĿܡ
Ļ˼ææ죬Ȱ֪ģڱˮɵӰ̫
˼Ų˶٣ο
˵ǣӲҪģڸ֮裬Ӻˣܱǡ
ɱʱģһ˼ĻʶšüͷɨǵߵԱߣסֱۣʣӲʣ
ñŵģŪһӦЦ£䣬ˣ˵
үţҺ;˼˵ѣ̧ͷ˿ɣеʣǺүˣ
֪Լңʱһɫָֻһĵģ
ԭŻͰһŵģû뵽ˡ
΢죬˼Ѿǰͬȣڵָ˲ģͷϸ
´ΣҵȺүһ𡣡
һԵѾæʢ棬֮ǰϲĿζ裬üţõĻֱӴϣ
ˣãȱ
Ů򴽣Цһ䣺´λ磬Ȼ֪ͨ
Ȼ֪ԼȵüͷӦ
ɽӹѾߵݹ룬£˵ͷǲֻЩˡ
ЦӦѾ߰ҵĿζүˡ
üֹһ䡰ֲ𡱣֪ϲԸϰߵġ
˵ʲôѵˣɣ䣬ÿɱ̰졣
һֲۣ㲻µˡ
ʧЦҡͷûж˵˼룬Ҳֻжҵ棬ͣ
˺һüδ뿪Щ棺ղæ𣿡
§ֹǽգǵ壬æ
ʱ䣬ʥ϶ҪϢֲҵ£
ڴϣ׼һͷںڵ˿ɢϣа㣬ȡһģһֻ§ŮӣָʶŮǴ
βŵ̺죬˼ʷ죬ʱǶ˼ֽɫֻ߬Žһǡ
⼸տȥĵطȥ
˵ʱָʶ˶ϣһ⡣
ú֪ǲǹģֻӣؿڣ̫ˣҲȥ
һҲû˵ʲô
ͻȻվ˼Ļӣ˵˲˿ҪڣƳ۵Ĩʧɫ
һӦǱϷŪŭ
͵ݺˣƶ⣺㾹ǹģ
Щ޹ؿڴͷĶ˿ôˣ
ö˶촽ȴ˵ոյľٶĵյûţƫ۵׵Ц⡣
ˣȥԼǵʵʵˣ
ɿӵӣʧЦӱӵסߣ˵
ñ滵ˡ
ãŽ˴ӽкŮѾͨ죬βţһ˵ģɿɫһȴұֳ
µЦʣøո˵ʲô
õãƳмձҪϦˡ
ɵͷΪô꣬㿪ʣڸǳȥ
ûԼ˼ֻøֱ׵ʳ
үؾ𣿡
Ƽ˵ɫ˶٣ϵߺ쵭ȥЩ򴽡
һǰյǵǷţ۵׵İָõ˿΢
ؾ֮£Ҫһʱˡ
Ůɫɲ⣬Ц£ֺܿ쵭ȥüͷ΢΢š˵
ÿ֪ǺΣ
û뵽˵ݳǵδô֪е£
ҧ´꣬´µĺۼƬʧҡҡͷ
Ļشɵ֮Уźۼ۾˵ʱ
ʥѾ󲻺á
ȫȻ֪仰͸¶ĺ塣
þӣʿˮͻȻס䣬ææֹү˵ˣҲ
Щ飬Ѿֹ۳֮͢ˣʥϣⶼһѹ
⸱ģЩӵʱʧЩʧЦһ˵Ķͷ⣺㵨С
ӣżֲؿҵС£ʣ˭ү󵨣
ɽŶÿЩΣȴ֪Щ飬ϾպҪȥǵģ
ɼǵ֮ǰľ
ǲԹ²̸ˣй̱ڴϣͷ
δԼλ뿪£ôܲǵã
Ц£˵ǵʥĴ
ס۵׵ɫ
ûв´ʥܼλıλ
򴽣ͻȻɵһ䣺֮ǰ޸Ǻˣ
û뵽һ£Żصʥϳӣԣ
ʶס䣬Щɻ
֪ûϥ»ж࣬гĸλӣҶүô϶Ǿλ
˶٣ųɵҡң˵ӡ¼ƽ׽ˣΪ˺ƣι֮ܡ
ɺšüýŵؿͼЦЦôû
ûϵʱûʱߵô˴
ЦŽסͻȻɫЩ棬ҡҡͷ
˵ûȷڣЩȨ⼸ڳ͢ĸҲɺӡ
òؿȻˣô϶ӮҶǾ
ȴͻȻ۵ɫްһʱЩ
ɿΣͷĶͷ
Ϊ꼴ͬ׵Ůӣ˶ˡ
ھǵ꣬ȴΣֶζУҲֲ˸ߵ͡
ȴŮ¶ɫ
ʹŮһٱܡ
ͻȻǸЩɵңĵ̾һŮӵҲһĿȻ
ҪǣǺŮлԼˡ
ŮΨһĵŮ丸ʥϵĸ˵ʥ϶ԾʹŮƫġ
ʹȨƵλ侸ɳȨƵλ⣬ģڴ˷óס
ŮϾȵɫɽ˱øЩ
ʵǷ˾飬ټպ󶨻ҪŮãҲпܻѡ
ǣŮδĻʺ֮𣬵Ůһˣԥѡ
˿ˣΪŮھŮܰﻳ˵ĵط˿ɱȵġ
лҪ˵´ŽΪβؾΪɶվλҪΪСɰ
еľ飬ͿԻȥˣܿ죬дȥ
ؾŮҪǣҲ̫ҪҪŮģȽҪɣеĲҪ
ҵŮŮǻĸֳձȨ
ĻӻϲţƵ
ͻȻŮеѽȿȿ

 59 

պ̸֮, þûʹڻؾһ¡
ɱãļ°㣬˵Һá
û, Һʲô
ŲµЩ, еǸŮ֮, ͺ֮һ
ݵ谭мǻǴĸ, Ҳһ
á
ȴǽס
, ֱĵش, ΢ս
ҵ, ֺֹһˡ
޸ĸۡռ֮, ݳǾͷһݣЩѾС˺Ҿ, 㹻ϱַǷ
˳ʮ꣬ѹһ꣬Ҳ˵һꡣ
һ꣬ݴ, ȥƽֵ߽ʱԭΪһոѡ
˽о¡
ǵóμʱ˶һƳ˿δ۵ס
ʱ, Ҳ˻㡣
޸԰ǸͤЩʧš
ͻȻ˴Ӻ潫סһ, ˵Цŷůüϣƶһ⣬ز񻰣Щε˾䣺
ү
ʲôɲδɿֻ˳µĶΪס֡
մԺʱͿŻԣͻȻһμʱ
üۣŽС
ŴƳУţ⡣
һɤӡ
ĵһӡ
Ҳȷûҹҹɤӣʱ޲ϡ
վǵãն˵ʲôõĻ䣬ӦѾ̤ͤӵ˻
ɵĺ΢ŮƻüۣɫЩ
ò֪ʲôֱ֧ʯϣԼգǳЦ̣
ҡֻһүʱ򡣡
βбһۣͽЩģ˵үʱҹӡ
ǺЩ޳ܡ
Щ飬֪˵ĵһǺʱ
һӡ󣬱ͤУֻǾ̫̣⸱ɤӵˡ
ŻȻ𣬺վµ˱
ǰҲ벻ˡ
Щ飬ӣµʣԼã
ʱϣűӣ߸ϣ飬󡣡
ǳǳЦ⣬ʱ⡢֮΢šüͷñϵѪͶ䣬ҹӵ԰ӹ͸ı͸߸ϡ
³ۣƬ̽Ӳ
˲µ˵ǴΣսʱʱ
Ҳû뵽µӡˣǸ߸ϣǱ飬ƶʲô佱˵Ļ
ɿǳЦӯӯģЩ޵ۣʣ
ôҲǱ㣬Ͳµ㱾ĺã
ĵЩζʶ˾ǡ
һʧЦ죬Цòͣ
ΣһСĻ󣬺ȻŮüүá
ɲͷǲԾ£ֵ˵ͷ֪ͺá
ҹʱϣⷭŴõҽ飬ȴܴǵСпյġ
ȻȻһŨҹɫ˲䱻ɢ̧ͷӴ䣬ֱӿѤ̻
˵ĻȥʱһǰԺҹưﶼԺ޸⣬һˣܷ
˳
һ䣬Ҳϣ̻֣һƸ㡣
ͷ˿涯޶ԡķҽˣṴǡ
ƺоߣʶĺ󱳣Űᡣ
΢ղ˲ţж˾ҽ飬ͷ΢ƣ
ˣ
ö£ŷӦе˼˾Ѿᱧ
һʶ˫ֹĲƳ˵ɫ¿Ҫ˵ĻĬϵصʹ
̻ڿţΣһĨ⡣
ȥʱ󣬼ݳѾ˽ʱ⣬ĹϵݳڵһЩԱղ˽ô룬ϴȴԽ׽
һյʤỹǼϲ£Ҫһӡ
Ȼ֪Щ˴ʲô⣬ӣһŲʡ
էȻů⣬ŮѻĴȹԳΡ
ôһɫĴȹڻľϣ΢üž˼ӡ
յӣᣬҲгʵǰġ
һǹظġ
˼Ѳ׼Թϵ̬ȣͽ
ɫӵؿݣκüģ˵ʲô
ڵĴ˼ǣպǹظĵճץ硣
ͷ϶µĻԼǹظӣظҲֻôһӡ
Ǹϱ磬ȻûʲôоǾǼºٿӣЩڡ
Щò⣬òȥ
ɻʱ⸱˼ӣšüǰ
һʱ⣬ƺδб仯üңԶĵЦ˲²ĵ뷨
ʹٶ˲²⣬ʱؾҲûһ˸ʡ
Ѱȣɵ֣ڰеҲﵽһʢԣݴüڣڷصʱǿԣʵԸؾ
ʹ㲻ѹ֣˵Ҳȷ
Ů§еĶһģһʣôˣüġ
һ£һԵϡ
Ȼû˼ˣüͷͼ˳ֽеӵݹüһӹ
߸ɨϵӡ£üͷٿȻ
֪öǶλ²⣬ɲˡ
ϸ̶ȿƽ￴Ӱ㡣
κͣϹ˶£öĸ̬ȣ˶٣µʣ
ÿȥ
ǵõһ
ͬ⣬ϾֻŮŮԸΪϣпԭ
Ľĵףһ˿۰޸һ꣬Ϊûһ˿
ɿɲţ޸᲻ͨš
˵ףʱƲϵ±۰ˡ
Ȼˣʱȴ
ֻҪһ뵽л˹ϣͶŮĹ֮飬̲סʱתȢˣһ̬ȣ˰̬
ûôߣδֻǶᵽ˹ϣеЩڡ
Ϊԭǲȥġ
ϣʹٶαĻһ㣬ȴ޷ϣظڹϡ
Щԥ׾̧ˣŴ˵Ҳ֪
˶٣ȥɵүãҸòȥ
סЦ˳ǣһĨǶǵЦ
ȥΪβȥ
ֹҪȥҪһȥҲһظʲô⣿
һµļˣ΢۾ĵ̾һ
µĻǣϴŹĽڣ
ʹ֪˼У㣬δػУɻ޷Ƶصǡ
лҪ˵ǰĴ󷨹ȣҿĵը
齫һֱ䡭Ͳʺ֡


 60 

칫, ˿˿Ƶů͸Ҷķ϶һů⡣
»Щ⣬ʱ, ǡһ, ɶס, תͷȥã֬Ĵȹ, ȹ΢΢ϵ, ͷбб֧ҡ, Ų, ͽһֽġ
ʱ˼, ֮ȴȻʱڷ紵ʱ˸, ŮӰΣҲˣһĴȹĵ֫ϸ, ɷǺÿ
ɲźۼššüԸѾȡ˴멹ӹԸ, ѩ׵ĺգ˲ʱ˳һ䣺
֪Ӳ, ֣
΢ͷûҽӻ
򴽣۽΢ЩС˼
ǵһΣһͬǰ
ҪÿЩ
۵ָ˵С˼ôһ˵ʹ֪ΪãЩ飬һۡ
˼ˣһȴûܿ˼
ΪԸ멣˳ӣҲ֪ŮӰΣ㰲һ䣺
ʹ㣬ҲÿǸ
ǰ˵ȴǼٻ
һ࣬ɺϣżȻĵȷȷݵŮӣԿһۺջǾð⡣
ȾϺϼбһۣüṴɿ۾
ʵԸúһ⣬ȥ󣬶˲ŻһЩ
ɽšüһԲȥ
Ѿڸ⣬һӣŵЩүͬһ𣿡
ԭΪȥҲǰǰ㣬ֿ·ˡ
֣ŮһŵģЩΣյ۾òԸ
õһۣԸԸ飿
üͷЩû˵үˣ
ţ˵۴
˵ףǵĻõӰ졣
ɽ̻ڻأް
պΡ
òˣϣܹһֱվǰ
򣬶ƽ
ʹ޸ٲãҲһ˳ݡ
ܱܲ޸硣
ĵ˼׷ףȴûͬ˵ֻԼ뷨ȥˡ
˵ЩţеӱһţɲСƳõصϣЦ
ţ˵ףΪںܲˣ
Щŭ
˿ίӣԹؿүǰ֪ң׼
ҲˣʱЦ
ްɰ󱳣ܹʲô
Ʒˣ֪ҲƷ٣ǵĹԱһݱߡ
˵䣬ͣظݳ꣬࣬ƿӣЩ̧ȥ
Ѿʮδظظģļȥ
ñվȣһӣ˹֣ˡ
ӣɫųȣ䲻ҪмϸϸؿףⲻǺ񣬶ǺȥĹ
˹ظ˵ģȴҲܲµǰˣλ˾ˡ
ڴ˵ͬʱҲڴҲ˵Ŀ⣬ǰĹ꾣ʱҲһ١
͹ƣüۼ䣬һģһǹò£Ҳüۼ鲻ͬºͣɼʹˣҲϳ
ĵ곤ϰ꣬ױ͹ϸá
дʱҲٰԥѡ˹ظ
˽ҲգҲãһΣɻѡ
ûôӵµ˭󣬾Ͳӣܿе񣬻˰ǳЦ壺ϲ˾ˡ
ԹظûʲôоȻҲΪܺһףһ˾ˣҲûʲôѹ
ѪԵʵȥܿ
ǹһΣȷδ۵׿Թޣĵ΢ɣЩ㶡
ɲӦֱƿˣùʶһͷ񣺡
ĵȴЩôˣ
վԱߣһִõļϣ׽ȴЩأΧһеͣ£ЦЦؿ˹һۣףɡ
ߴɨһȦǺЦ˵ǹϲţش˼¡
ɹ½꣬Ȼ֪λĻȫţȻⲻСЩܲġ
Цæ¹ٵңү룡
òͷһۣջشϵ֣ˣ߰ɡ
˵⣬˽ԿɿĲͬü΢ɣһ˿ײᡣ
˾ȵǣľأƽȡ
ɨʱһݣԭ֪λôǰˣʱﻹף˳ġ
ûȥˣ˵ߣ͹ɵ̧ߡ
ƲһڿˣСĵظһԣųǰȥ
ЩԥؿһãǹظĽף˵ʱȥԺģҲ׽Ϊ
֮ǰ£Ҳ˵ڡ
Ȼܲߣֻ븮ϵ˽Բ죬ʱȥҲΰˣαظԼҲڣ
οɫƳһԵˣ˲֪֪ܲСۡ
ʹ˵⣬ĵȴǼµġ
ǰͻȻɿڣǹ磬ش˻ȥӭͰգԼߡ
꾲ҾܾһԵСźţ͵ˡ
֮ɲǣŮӵ֣غ
ЩЦүôˣ
û˵һ·˹ظĳ˵Ȳ޸ķȴȻˣҲԿظݹò
ȷСۣظõĲΪμĵס
ƼظãͿƲס룬ǵظһѣô
ǻŽͳϵѴҲܱһԵȢҪá
Խ࣬Խǰˣḧ˸Ůӵ˿ʣɾ䣿
磬գֻϿҪϸȻ䣬ҡҡͷ̹׵Щȡ
һ٣ŷ΢죬ȥգȣЩЦãȻȣô˵
ñ˱죬ЩίǺү
Ҳû˸ոձԽ⿪Ĵ멣Ѿţ˵߰ɣҲ쿪ʼˡ
ø̤ǰʱ΢
ŮǷֿģñųŮǱȥȺ˵ɫĽׯɫ΢к¡
ò³ݣӦǹ֮١ϣͷĸһԡ
ĵطɲԶ̧ͷͿɱû˵üۼȴ˼Ц⡣
ȥĵô룬Щͼ֮ĹϵҲЦŹάòɫǳЦţӦ˼䣬ûʲô뷨
Ϊᣬôȥʱ򣬸׼ɿһŮЦӯӯ߹ſ١ϼϣСŮӼҵ̬΢ؿãغ
㣡
лҪ˵ӲʣˣǸѽ


 61 

΢, Ůӿȥ̻ɫĴȹһɴ, ĵһŮҵĽߡ
ÿ١ܵΪ, Լ, µݣᳯ˵ͷ
ûŮ, ɢ˺, ȥ, Ϊϴ멡
ûп, Ů, Щɫܶ, ҧҧػ˻١ϵֱۡ
١ûа취Ҫ뿪ʱ, æ¶һĨЦ˻δһ
ʱܲδжˣһΧ, ü֪Ҫʲô
ƳšüЦ, Բ١ϣ
үͷæµͱˣ
١ššӣЦҲ˼ٿڡ
ü֪ظʲô⣬Ƴ١ǸС޵سԱ߿ȥһ٣վŵɡ
ɫ΢ʶУЦ£
ˡ
ĵЦ˵ظǼ򵥵á
ȥظ˼õļ򣬳׺󣬾Ҫ뿪
ûпŮӶȻʧɫҧҧȴٶʲôֻһֱ
١ϿЩ̣Щֱ㰡Ϊʡģ
ŮӣҲǹ΢죬зǸ⣬Щ˼صͷ
ŮŮǡϲ
١϶ʱй̵ʱӣСҲΨһŮױǷ۰ģʱȻԸΥԸ
˼Ƭ̣˵
Ǽ£Ҹ϶Բ㣬һΪȥҲΪԵ
̻ϲɫ˲ȥ
ɿ߬١֣ЩģȴǿһĨЦ
Ůͷ׷ġ
ҧҧվĵ׻ǷŲ£ͷۿЩ죺
ŮŬһΣǻУŮģȥ󡣡
١ϼ⸱ӣ̾˿ˣӦδԶȥɡ
ӣ˷ӣתᶨ˳ȥ
˳ȥһΪ··ֵʱһӣɫһ䣬æ
ô£
һδӦΪΣȴ׼¡
۾ٿȻЦ£ǸϹӣ
ÿһ꾼òʹµݣҲջߣƫͷˡ
ͻȻȻòشҲù£ʶؿһãӲͷƤصǡ
ģҲ³ǰǺݣڿʱ۵һ˿ޣ֪ʲô΢Ƭ̺󣬲Ź
ɫ仯۵׵ɣĵЦһϿ˵˾䣺ȷһ˲š
ǿ佱˵ĻɹȴǸЦһػ
ȻʱһԵĹ꾣ָ˵ףһֱ֣ĸˣĸס
ڱþ޷Ƿ֮롣
ΣڣȻ޿ܡ
Ѿ˸õĹޣҲӽУᡣ
Ȼе˼ᳶ˳ӣүʱ䲻ˡ
ڷŹüңЦȻˣͲŸˡ
ǣóȥ
ֵͷòһ˿ϣ߹ʱ𷽲̧ͷһõĺ󱳡
ѵȥѰĸװɡ
µЦţȥ
꾶˶˵зִ磬Ϊʧ
ЦⲻصͷֱԽʱϵЦŵ
곤ꡣ
ü޸ʱʮꡣ
ʱѶʮһѳףΪʱҿͷµ£Ļ±һϡ
Լ𣬱֪һλãպΪӡ
ڹȥõһμȴǹһμá
ףʱʢҲ̳ס
ǣ꾸龰޷¡
ǹϵճӣע˱ϵ
ãһʼԵ޷ݡ
ǵ˶ĻԼһЦ԰ˡ
¹Цǰȥ
ڹظſڣɿãʣ治ȥպܲˡ
ʵǣĲȥǺӡ
ѾŮ飬ʱδξ飬ȻҲڡ
ʣʱпܻؾ
ظˣԹظ
õУҲֻйظۡ
ٲҲҪΪǣ֧֣ܱȶһúá
ЩؿЦ£үصģҺ͹ظͲ죬αعȥ
ȻҪߣαҪǣ
ûȰǣ׼
ʱӹظܳһŮӣͷɫ΢٣ؿŮӳӣȥɡһվŵׯӡ
һ˿ȣʶԼ֮ǰˣһʱЩ˼
üңЦ⽫÷ԼҲȥ󣬲Ц
ΪǱҲñԲżҴҵҪ뿪
ɫߺ죬Ҫƫƫ˵ʵ
ҧҧ꣬תת΢߳ү֮ˣǶöĲѣһãҲΪ档
Цŵ˵Ķͷհ˵ǶǱĴ
ó˳ǣЦ˵
ү֪á
ɲֻ§УЦΪ⣺ȻˣǰÿҪغñʡñЩӹȥ
þүѧĻ
ӣôδ˵һʡ
ɿ⸱ģЩšüŮӲ˵𣿡
ᳶǣЩһѾүҲ֪Ů˵Ǻүģ
üңЩɣ
Ҽǵòү߽źЩ
´ˣʱĳ𾪵ĻԽ˺ɡ
ûԼ˵ʲôᣬȻ˵
Щﰡ
һ٣ɫʱסЩյ
պ㲻ٴ͵
üֱ룬պؾǰ˵ȥЩ˻Ϊ
ɽסյͨģЩüҡ
Ϊܿ
û⻰˵
һŻȥЩ˶٣Щɵʵ
ׯǱã
޹ǵָŴ˻ͷҲ΢̧Ȥֻˣüϸش
ԭҲû⡣
ող֮ǰׯƺй֮Ե
һһȤǡׯӿϲǱã
ɿһۣ΢ٺ󣬲ҡҡͷüң͸˿˿
˴𰸣õ˵ͷٶʡ
ʵԼҲµЩׯӵӦǲͣҲ˶ˡ
汻̽סׯӣЩȣһֱ󣬳̵˵ͷ
ع£
ЦǳȻ岻ʧһ˿ҳֻɸǰְˡ
ֲʲô˶ܵɵš
ҧҧһۣͷʱǰˣŮӼҵɬһʱ˵֧֧أׯˣҡҡ
ׯɫ΢ʶ˹࣬ǰһ㶼δӴŮ֮顣
һ۾ͿǰŮӵ˼
ĵȴûʲôܣݣڼǰĺˣ޸ŮӴ١
οˣŮ֮ûжȤ
֪֮ˣ󵽺үǰүܻһ䡣
ǣׯ֪Լǰλûа˼
ԣûеŮ˵껰޵صԼ⣬ûȥŮӶȻҰ׵ɫǰ򽥽޸ȥ
Ȧ΢죬еңóĻᶼС
ڣׯΡ
Ⲣ˵һν̸ãҲ⡣
ظԭЩԥģΪ£ĵ΢Σ˼Ҫׯӣ١á
վǰеңֱûӰӣתȥ
֪һμˡ
ЩˣͲݡ
лҪ˵ʵҲرڸŮˡ
ҲŮϲ䣬һΪ
ʵŮдŮԴװˣȿȿ


 62 

ȥ, ո˹ظ½½ֽӵӣһʱЩͷ, ϲߵ˴򽻵
ֻóƲ, ¶ȥ
ĵȥظ硣
ǰϦ, ɴ֪ʲôϢ, ϴЦ, Եá
һʱ棺үʲôϲ£
ɷɵ, Ȼسеĸ, Ц˵, ػؾ
˵ԽؾԽ, ܲˣ
Խ˽ӣȻ֪Ƿ˵ǲȫɣչ鵽ף̫, ԸЩ£Ųؾ
ˣԣҲֻǲŵбһ, ͲȤջߡ
ÿѽʱܻôһ⣬ôһʼϲ, ڵĺ޲
һԽŮ˲ԼƫԾЩһЩ
˾ⷬ⣬˵䣬ȷؾ˾̸˸ι硣
ɼƻܸϲϱ仯ɸ࣬þ۵ͬ⣬ؾ
һգյһϢɫ˲һ䡣
ʱþԣɻ˾䣺ôˣ
ɫ΢ʺˡ
ŵĲ豭ЩˤڵϣƬ̣
ô᣿ǰ˿ûԤף
ʹʺܳ裬վǾĸôͻȻ
ɵɫЩѿ
Դ빬󣬻ʺӾһֱãȴͻȻС
Щӣż˵еΡ
֪ǻʺԽӽģǾĵױá
ԭȴΪʥ׼Ϊ˾
ô˲ٹţолʺ;͵һ¡
ʵ˵⾸ҪлʺһĸΪĸǻʺĵӡ
ǻʺȴǴΪѾ
֮ǰݺֶ밲ھͷϣǵͷֻǺδóѰˡ
ΪΣеޣȴǣ࣬Ҳδͬ˵塣
ֻ֪֪빬󣬻ʺԲڴ
ʿˮˮ£΢򴽣СĵѯʣǶѽڣӦжŶԣôˣ
⵽ǹޣǣʵЩ档
ôҲûʺ󣬾ôͻȻ
ššüͷϿȥЩͣ
վȺȥʺ󣬴ϢǣʺǱġ
ˣ
õɴӣţλ楻ûӣ
һɵɫ顣
üģûûв´楲Ǳİˡ
楣ҲΪ֪ٴҲиߣͥ½ʺŲˣ
ôߣæ˿ˮѹѹеľȡ
Щλˡ
ɿ˵ʺ¼ͻȻ϶Ĳ
ʱΪλȴܽҺˡ
ɫƳһɣܴɵĿλʺ޺øС
òµûɵȷǲϲλʺ
ɵĸҲǳʥϣǵʥһıʹٷ⵽˶塣
˭˲֪ʺĽʥϵһֲ̬״̬ԴȻΪ
û˵Ҳ֪񳤹
£ôܻϲλʺ
Ϊʺغ;ϵֽ治һѡ
˼۵׵Ĳͼʵʡ
þЩؿɣ
үΪ
ɳ˳ǣ΢䣺յּؾʺȥ׷ô๦򡣡
֪ˣҲȥô˼˵ۣؾˡ
ûؾܼʶһ¾еķ
Ҳ˵ؾǻ̫͵ǰϼա
ܻʺǰλΣվǵĵһλΨһĻʺ󣬹ͷΣɲ
£ʺϴûؾ
Щͷۣǰ˲ɫĵ׷ᣬԴʶ󣬻δ뿪
һ뵽ҪݣԻؾһʱ䣬һͷۡ
ЩǨŭ粻֣֣Ͳܵؾֳ£
ʱȫˣ͸ûؾˣԼһϡ
ʶţүҪؾˣ
ⷬ׼һֱɵƴǣȫûϵôͻȻ
ƵӦЩꡣ
òƺرزЩɣүôˣ
ʶšüͷ
㲻ȥ
ž£˲۽ޣβǿӦ
ûвĲԾڲ͵ؾ󣬾Ҫȥ̫͵ǰϼգôôܵס
ĻļվЩܵ˲ɢȥ
ȫû뵽ɻΪ£Ϊε
үǷ˼̫ࣿһŮӺεºȥ̫͵ǰ飿
䣬ɲؿһۣѵ֪Ʒھϵ빬飿
ΪƷˣǵ˾ǣȻǱҪȥ
һ죬ݳǳ󣬾ǱΪңԶΪɣûⱲӻȥǣȻ֪Щ¡
Ϊױ֪һֱδռ
ͷ˵ҡҲ֪
⸱ģһЦҡҡͷЦ⽥
ްҲȥ
ʱѾھǣȻûοʺһ
ݣһһգȻȥǸοõٹȫʽ
šɫЩȻЩ壺
үһȥ㲻֪ʱܻ
ǲᣬ˲ͽĵ׾һš
ͲԸʱ̫ã㷳꣬ʱĻ޲װȥˡ
ʥּʹˣҲȥ
šüͷο롣
Ĳȥʹ͵͵˾ǣɵ˾ǣȴ˵ˡ
ʥϺЩӵ鱨ӲСơ
ǻ˾ǣȥ̫͵һҵȵؾѹ
οɲźۼؿŮһۣŮȻصʹͷҧģĵһͿ
ȴδʧǡ
Ľ˻ȥԺݵ̫͵
ĶƷˣ
ھУ߹سһץһѣƷʲô
ʹ⣬ȴҲȷ֪Щ˵˻ɶӰ졣
һ˷ŽȺУܷġ
λ۰ľ˾ˣһӦǰݼڡ
Ƕ
գĸԼ飬ʥָ䡣
ʥϸʧ˵ޣʱȥ˵£֪
ȥȷ˵֪ʥϺʱܷ
գ£ҲͰˡ
ٳʱ䣬Ī˵ûĵײ
Ҳܷġ
ĵװɥʱ
Щɥؽ§ڻ
ϣüͷϸϸ˼ʲôķӣܾϻ
ǸյǶܻ
ĺòò£ȴ˻Ŵɤʣүʲô
̾˿룬ôܾ
ҧҧ˵
һ³ʱͻȻׯӵүڳⷢѣ
˲üͷѣһʱֹ£
Ҳһȡ
һׯӵĻʣҪ˷ˣ
ʶʲô˲۾
лҪ˵ڰʱд
£˾ͳ׻ؾ˰
ǼֱСްŴǽ˵İɣû£һ
еָ䣬İɣͻ
ܿǵ𣿿ҲҪ֪ǸȾ


 63 

ɻǶԻؾ, ׯӡ
ǣԼ˽Ҿ
ߵգ͵, ɫһֱ, , §Уĵض
, κ¶ȥ
ű, ӡͷ, Ůӵʹ, ȱ, ʮգ
۴, ۽βӦһ
ƭ
˵ʮգǾᳬ
ĵһƬ뿪, Цţô᲻ñ
΢죬֪ڹЦԼҲ̲סһ, ƿ
ȥɣ
ЦԸչ˺øϣҲͣ, ת
ʹһɸǹɥ⾩ǣǵȥһˡ
վڸǰؿıӰɲ򴽡
ݵǣӱҪգû˷ʱ䣬Ϻõıڵǰڸϵǡ
ׯӸ󣬿źүһ·ϰɫ֪Ըؾο˻
һ·ԣ뾩ǾͻᷢҪӷ١
ɥڼ䣬ǶЩ
ׯӼƺҪֱжȥæڣүʥǰҪظţ
ʥ
Щ͵ͣ¿ۣ뿪꣬վĵطظ·ʶġ
ׯӵͷ֪鲻ãҲȥùͷ
ɿɫ΢šüˣֱ빬
ׯ֪ĵзִ磬ûȰһֱʹȥ
˹ſڣͣ£ֻׯ빬
ȥͨʥϡ
ֱ鷿ȥ·˴Ǵ԰ȥΪɿɥԭֱҪɶ˴ȥ̫͵ģȴɴϣ·ȥ鷿
·̫͵ʱɿһۣ΢۾źۼʣ
з˺£
ǹŮ΢٣ɻصǻʺǰЩ£δ˺¡
ĵʼ¶࣬ȴûдȥ֡
˸չ̫͵С̫Ӻܹ΢үأʥϷԸү鷿Ⱥ򡣡
ƽصͷ
үū
ĵףֻǳʱķһۣźۼüҡ
ȴ⣬˳鷿ȥ
ȥ͹Щ¡
鷿ǰûȶãͿ߹ۻ֮꣬ɫ˲ֱâ
ɿ첽ǰ񣺡΢Ρ
۴ˣ޽ɡ
ׯӶһۣԼھ鷿žԲõɫüң
˾ˣ˭ˣ
ۿһۣݶ꣬ɡ
ͲµЩΪѵüͷػϵĻ΢ڻؾʱһˣ΢⽫˶ˣ΢Ҫȥһˡ
˻ϣһ¹ģ
ɾĲ֪ʲôȲ˵Ƭʱһ£֮ǰȥҾ㼸ǧ֮ûѲ˶˲ˣ
ȥĽڰˡ
뵽Ǳߵ¼üͷŮӸȤǡ
СС֮Ů޹ˣΪޣںԺϣȴν
ЦЦۣڲǰá
;˽ףȻΪһ¸δۡ
ղǣʹĸǳ
㹻û˼ɵ
۴ӷؽٻؾǣּ˵ѵ֮꣬䡣
мģȥ롣
۾Σջǰ˰֣Щε
ˣȥȥɡ
Цлʱȴǵ֮ǰҽڽһϣýճˡ
žƬ̣һЦţżί
˾֮ǰӦˣȢʱ˵µ𣿡
Щƣۣϣüģ
Ѽڶ꣬˼꣬ϥ»ûãúȥĸף
˷Ƽ٣ȴٴ˼ʵܾ۶ɼģɶԳȴȷεġ
ϵЦҲɢȥͷ˿ɫ
ȻģǴµ΢ݻؾ飬ϾΣ
ӣû˵
˱źҴ
κǾȿ˿ڣѾˣ˰ɡ
ʱߣ
άƣԽԽã΢ġ
һһ΢һԹޣ
Σ˾˴˻
߳¿ȥպÿ̧ͷɫ˰˳
˱۾ϣȥ
ȥɣʺĹͷ󣬾ȥɡ
͸Щƣ̧ۣͷһۣĬƬ̣ع뿪
鷿ׯ̸ϣȥʺĹͷûһĵĳתʹȥ
Ǵʱ΢â۾κЩȤЦ¡
ׯСؿÿκүʥϵ̸֮ǲá
֪ԼҺүʥϵΪӡ
ң鶼ٴ⣬οʥϺͺү֮أ
ɵͷȥǰǰھǴʱ䲻һʱ
ȥ·ϣɫʱתǳȥƽƽһ˿
ۼۣܿ۵Ρ
ǰѲصӣŵҲǲס
ʥϵһ档
λˡ
Σվ۰׾˾ˡ
˴ܳʥϵĶ䣬Ҳδûʥϵơ
һʱ䣬ƾԻϾھǣɱܿһС
ܿһУʹԶȨģдʲôԶ
ңѾ㹻ʥϼɵˡ
𾰵۵һس˳ǡ
Ϊзصھֻ꣬˼֮ꣿ
ֻٵҾ
ԶڷأʮҾȫڷء
˶Ϊٳмӡ
ȴˣΪΨһá
ھǣǺ⣬
ھ꣬ǲܴеĺɡ
ǰĴͻ飬ܾꡣ
Ըֺγǵ뿴ġ
֪ʥ϶ȷмڣ⼸ģýɽȴ㲻ʲô
ǷģʥϾ
ΪҾ˽
ԡʼһֱδ˽
ȨҲܽҲҽȥ
ɳ˳ǣͷ£Ըȫǰ
̶գЩˡ
ݳǣôԺߵӻѾðѿȴȫȻûע⵽
ԴɻؾЩĲɵģʲô᲻Ͼ
˼⸱ģĵ׵ǣȴֲ˵ÿն͵͵ܳȥǣүʲôʱ
Ȼܵò׼ȷʱ䡣
˼̾˿գЦǰȥ
ˣˡ
üͷҪ˵ãææڣδö٣⼸նûгʲôǺүˣùūˡ
޷ߵǰЩ˳ȥ
˼öȰ¶һ˿ƣ룬æźԡ¡
ģõӣﲢδñ裬ȣͽЩ
ʱ컹Щġ
ڴϣǽ˯ûһʹ˸˹
۾δüǿԼ˯
ͻȻ˴סһűЩţƲסز˲ӡ
Щӵ᲻ƺԭĵ׵˼ͻȻðɬɬɤӣۡ
ʱӲ֪
κ£޷¡
ӷ§ס˵ǻɬ⣬ҧϸ˵
үˣ
ýŮӸסսʱŮӽǽ˯ʱĵһͿʶؽڻ
ŮϸڶߣӣҹɫЩﶼ͸Щ᣺
ţˡ                        
лҪ˵˴
ҹʹǷϣ֪дɶ
Сʹ簲


 64 

Դɻص֮, õƻصǰһ㡣
ôЩԽæµҲ˶ߡ
ڻؾǰʵɲæ
ڣʱ, ܿ, ֻʱ, һʱ䡣
ѽѽڡ
úʶĵ
⼸£ǲӰ
ȴѵõʱ, ź, Ҳδȥ
վڻǰ, ż, ͷȥ
үղæˣ
, ȻǸԼЩȤڿҽ, ܻЩԡ
޼ûв
Լˡ
ɰ뿿ϣһŴ﷭Ļ͵İϾһԵļϡ
ƳһеĻ, Щεбһۡ
ʧЦЦֺܿɢȥջߣеĻϡ
뵽ӾǴϢ, ɫƬ̵İָֺܿȻ
Ȼʵݿɻȥĵط
⻰ʵͻȻ, ɻȴ͸ЩԵ˼
óżһᣬǰ˲ȥ
Ҳû飬ݸһԵѾߣھ˼˹ˮУ˾֣ᲽߵԱߡ
ʶȥһ¡
÷Ű׾ϸü΢Щ᣺Ǻ⣿
ָ̧գɫ΢ЦЦδ
ǿ²϶ˡ
ò˲۽ޣŷӦе˼һʱЩ㶡
͸뿪ʱһؾ
Уδȷؾʱ䣬ͻȻЩãȻ
Ƭ̣Żعа׵ָʶס˵䣬ᳶ˳ǣ΢һĨǳЦصš
ָȴЩףɵͷߴָԹ
ŮӳȻӣȻ̬§УЦʣţ
ҧҧ꣬Щ֪ôش
˵ţȻǲܵġ
էȻҪȥһİĻȻǽŵġ
̧ͷ˿üң򴽣ֲֹǽš
Լ˵ԼǺθܡ
ЩţЩ޴뺦£Щڴ
ɺ䣬ʧЦ̧ͷ˲գο£бڡ
Щ죬һۣĻЩĪҲȷɢȥ
Ļָ壬Щʣ
ôպȻ̸ˣ
ؾܱܾͱܡ
ϧּ
ɸ󱳵Ķ΢٣ֲźۼػָȻüң̫ˣҪ˾ǳʲôˡ
գգ۾յԽЩ΢ü⣬͸Щǣ
үǷʲô
ʱ䣬ɴδǰ㹻˽ˡ
µЦţȴܸо鲢á
ɶ£˶ڣƻҪ˵ʲôŮϵĵԽԣϵЦʧ
ӴӰϣһʱ֮俴ɫ
Σ˵һ仰
дϢʥԲڴѻԲѡ
𾪣ɺȻƽɫָ΢üͷ
𣬵ʥ׾˾ˡ
ţλǳ谮
֪Ǽ٣ɿɵɫʶЩжЩġ
ǰ˲㡣
ò˵һ䣺ү㡭ܡ
ҧҧĵЩܣΪʥϣΪǰˡ
û⸱ɫ
ǵ࣬κ¶ƺĵġ
ЩȻؿǰˣΪͻȻ۵Щ޴롣
ʵʥϵϢԤϡ
ܳŵڣѾǼˡ
ʥϵĸЩӡ
񲻹ЩȻˣҲУƲѹ
Ȳǰˣʱ޴롣
ùӣᣬЩΣЩЦ
֪ģΪô۸ˡ
ҲЩ˼ͷȥƬ̺˼˵ԼΪοޣֻأ
үոޱģŵˡ
ɽס֪ԹĻü˱ǰЩ
УȻ
˳Ļ˵УǱĴ
Ҳûȥ뾩е¡
۾ʲôµ˵
ϲʲôԺӣ
ոӡԷ޸Ͱģסǰ޸ʹϲá
ȻҪؾǱϲãԺҲá
΢֪ôͻȻ˵ˣȴҲ˳Ļ룬Ƭ̺ҡҡͷҲûʲôرϲġ
šüҪ˵ʲôͻȻׯӼæ
үŹ߸
򴽣˶Ȼüͷ
ɴ΢
δˣ
ݾˣҡƲֹһˡ
ϣͷ˿ˣæ˵ү¿Щȥæɡ
ɵ˵ͷׯӻвµЩʲôɫ˳ȥ
ǵľ˵İΣ
ǣ뾸нס
ò֪ʲôԳϵֻһ֪⣬֪һ֣ǿ˵ġ
ֻ֪ɵڶպ˵Ҫȥһˡ
⣬ǵָݳǡ
ݱ߽硣
ǣʹ˴ҴҶȥ
ֱպ󣬷Ż
ǴõϢġ
׼ӭɵʱסü˵
ˣү˵÷ȱȥ
߬Щ⣺ΪΣ
ǿһۣźүǵ˵Ҳ޷΢ѹ
һòףܼѪ
ɫ΢ף֪ɵ˼˵ͷҪȥ
ȥȴҪӭȥġ
վſڣüͷ˼Щɣˣ˵ĻǺ⣿
ôûлش
ֻǳԺ⿴һۣתӡ
ǵĻЩңȴǻˡ
Ͼ·̫ѡ
ʥϲأЩӣȻ̲סʹѶҲܺΪ
Щأʱʱ⿴ȥ
ʱڴ˶æվЩ˲ˮ
ͼɴ˽Щ糾ͣδ˺ۡ
ȴδģǰȥǵؽ¶˱飬ȷûˣ˿
үȥôæҲЩˡ
ѡ񣬿ȴ˵һҾˡ
Ȼ֪ΪԼôˣɻΪǣ̲סرԹ
ϵɫЩ壬õıԹüʲôû˵ֻ
Ժӡ
ûжʣתͷԸ˼Ͻȥ졣
Ⱦ˼ȥˣòŵÿգЩɵʣ°ɣ
ҡҡͷһϵĲˮȷû£ɱȥˣûоֳ
ø˱ˮЩĻ̫ܣ
үѾˣ𡣡
ĵüңȻ
֮ǰʥּΪƷˡ
¾ǻ顣
֮ǰŮӣع𴽽ЦЦ
ߵʣࡣ
ǧݣ
ȻˣȻԸ⸶һЩ۵ġ
лҪ˵үǷ飬ȫڰˣǷúúûرһ
Ǹ
ǻٵṾ

 65 

ɸ, ŹڻУѾҽȥˡ
ֻһŮˣ޿ɺǵ, Ҫȥˡ
˱ڵԺӡ
ȥ˾
, һ˿Ȼ
ΪǺÿ, Լǵúү˵ĸǾõˡ
δ̫, 꾸, ȥ˿Ź
к, ֻΪƣ۲, Щ, ȴء
ŹȴЩء
üҽ˵ˣ
ҽ֣ȷˣҹ˹, ̥Щȡ
ù˲þȣֻ֣صúչ˹ӡ
ͷڴϵˡ
ϵ·Ѿ߻˿ҲѾ, ʱüһﶼȡ
һƬҰףϧ
ɫЩ棬ҲЩϧ
һξŮ, ΪŮʹǻУҲܿ
üǵ, Źճײá
޵ˣǾĶ硣
ǣλ幫ӣȴѡ
ʱӣһʱ֪Ǻǻ
ЩվûʲôϵѾߺúչ˺󣬾뿪Ժӡ
ȥ鷿ɡ
ɿЩȣվӭôˣ
þ˼£бһۣ˵
໹Щ˳·ү͹
ϵģ֪λʱѹ
Σɺʣµ࣬õĻ˵Űˡ
ۿãһ٣ЩȻһ˵ߣԾ
ү㿴
˫ֱ󣬽ŵ߬ӣӸ˵ԡ
鷿źɫȥѹϣһֽ̽Լв˵
Խˡ
תתЩ죬СǺүݵġ
ѳڵװףһҭƫûа취
ʲôǵ
үˣҪ㡣
ƲƲ죬վֱӣҲվͬʱӦĻׯӽɡ
ݣиеͣɼȵȻûȥĵ
һƷٱ𵽶һۣ޵үԽûˡ
鷿ֵط
ɺʼ磬Щϧѵòʱ
ȥʲôбһۣ˵ࡣ
˵꣬ѣȥһɫȹӣ鷿Ψһɫ
ûΪȷҪͬ˵
СӡԷʱԱߴЩ죬ͷԼ߹
û¶棬ž˼ǰȥ
ƹȣһ߾߹һȺˣΪ׵Ůɫ΢ףȴ̬Ůӳ߿ǡֻһĨɫȹڡ
΢٣һ˿Ȼδ˵ׯǰԺȥ
Ȼû뵽Ѿܿˣῴ
ٵõ˵Ϣʱʱ
˼Ҫؾˡ
Щȣ־֮С
Ͼλ幫ӲδΪ˲ݾ
˼ڰͷϵĲҡ˵˵үߵҾһ뻤Ͷˡ
õ˵ͷδ⡣
ģڴ˴λؾǶ˵Ӧǻһ
ܽǷǱټʱվǸ߸ϵġ
ͬ˵Ļزȥüϵķ죬ϴ֬
ҹټɵʱվǰü䣬ĵһнҪ䶨ˡ
Ȼǰס֣Ц£
ãҲˡ
һֱִϣ΢սһһƬ̺ŷӦЦá
վ˵ˣһͷԸʰ
ɨױ̨ϵĺҡϡ
Ȼ˵Щίˡ
òȻ֪⻰Ӻ˵𣬺ӵĲ⡣
Դʶ֮δܹί
šüЩֲǶԼֻƽ˵
ھǣеľֹЩ
꣬Ķûһֵȵù֧ҡ
֧ҡǴӾġ
ݾɻָ࣬ĺ֣ԪˣȲþǷ١
ó˳ǣЩΣүҪ룬ںլҪٶ
һ֮ǰܻᱻ⻰Ūȥ
ǽտ󣬾Ͳˡ
ںլ˹磬Ҳںլ
Ь϶ϵȵ顣
ɺЩþίûĵ˱Ȳˡ
Ƶ˵Ǳǲܣպ󲻻ˡ
òؿ֪Щʲôδȥ룬ֻӦ¡
ȥ˼ЩҪʲô
ϾһߣܾҲˡ
վ󣬿ıӰο۵ףɫ˰Ȼ뵽ʲôüһ˹ǡ
ûⷬɫ仯
ҹɫŨÿɻʲôû
ӣ᣶Щ
ҹɫȴһ˿Ҳޡ
龰һĻĻԺзžԭʶôˡ
ڣҪ뿪ˡ
Ȼһκ˵µʱ
ŭȻɫǼһɫ
ͷȥˣҪ˵Щʲô˯
ҧҧ˸ӣҲ˯š
ر˱εڶߣ
֣ҪһյЩ˯ɡ
һ죬ǰסһƬڰԺ侹˯ȥ
ʱû˵Ӱ
˼Щ˷ܵغڴԣ۾һæƿᣣˣ
ǿЩɣͣˡ
һ㶣ɫʣʱˣ
ʱشƿ߽ɣüң˯̫ԸҪ㡣
ȾϺϼȥѾߵɫߵõһɡ
ûзʲôƫ˵ñ컲ѡ
Ѿߵ͵Цߵ޵ݡ
۸֮ɨһܵѾߣѾЦ߽Խ٣˵
ţˡ
ùţ˼߳ӡԷ̤ʱͻȻڣָָм¯۵
ϡ
Ѿȥȡ¯΢в⣬¯ǰǴ¼Ͳˣڷֻǰˡ
ΪҪһûõ¯
ɿ۵׵ɻû̽ͣǣ̤󣬲˵һ䣺
ܹ֮ĹȻôš
ţĥϣЩ顣
ü˲Ĩ̺˳ӵɫȻ
ΪĻˣ˵һεʱ
ܷһƣȴû뵽ȫˡ
˵壬ȴˡ
һۣҪ¯ؾ޿κΣֻ߷ߵسȥ
ü粽ĲӣҪСĵպã򲻿ĥ
ǰļԽԽƲסЦ
ڿԺʱվûסͣ
ͷȥˣ߷ߣҲɵ߽
ƳԺϵң΢Щ㱡
ǰźϼ˷Ժӡ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
лҪ˵д˻ؾˣ


 66 

ɼȻҪؾ, ҾҪһȥǧ˵Ķ飬עĿ
ݵĹԱ֪ɽҪؾ, ѺڳſΪ, ֻڿмʱ, Щȡ
µǺ˺, ĵЩûԼŮϵ, ǲô, Ǽǰȴ˿ұֳ, ϹϾͳǡ
гŵһ, ˼ƿӳ⿴ȥ۵׵˷ܽɢ, Ťͷ΢Цſãˣ߳ˡ
ôüۣЩɫ, ֻǵӦδȥ龰
˼Ҳӣھ
ôδݳǣտʼʱ, ƿӿľɫһգûȤ
Ϊ, ߵȫǹٵ
;δʲôÿķ羰
һߵʮǿӱޣǲյг̡
ʹãһҪ·Ҳɵǡ
ɲ֪ΪΣһ·ͣͣÿһǳرҪͣһա
ʹ·ʱҲƲϿ졣
ɲϽؾͼ̫ԣڶʱþδʣֱԥݳǣһ˱ڱԺϢʱ
ԥݿǣ֮ҪЩ
֣ⷬòȤ
ѱʰõģøմ˼ɾ̤ҹɫ
һҹĺ⣬µѾЩ䣬ӹǺãɴŵ£üЦֻ͸Щġ
ÿ΢üһۣɻ󣺡үôôͻˣ
ǵԥʱйԱӴΪЩܻ
ҡҡͷδ˵ʲô
ֻ·˴ѣȻͬЩԱӴ
üΣҲûжʣеɻʳ˿ڣүؾ
ؾôôڣ
ɶ˶٣ɫЩѱɫֻ岻ҡҡͷ
ε治Ǳء
þȣа׵֣˱ˮʾ˵
ɽӹ˲豭ȴûкȣһֲĿ˵
бѳ֣ؾ
̫ң̯ˮ
뷨̧ͷ˳ǣ
ҼǵãǰЩӺүվ˾ҾҲкүˡ
ȥȾʱ˴ȥ˾
˵Ⱦǻ顣
˾Ⱦ뾸Ľס
Ͳͽȥˣʱ˵ʲôԹ۵Ļ
ɶȻҴЩεһŭֵ˵Ķͷһ
׹齻ףʱȥǣ˵òüְæ
ʱҿɻûнսϣһǧҲ㲻ʲô˾ǣȴоԵá
֮ǰĽ׾ǰ׷ѹ
ﾸȻ֮ǰûа׷ѣǼȻѾ꽻ˣֺαضѹ
οıǺòѵģƾʲô˷ԼıȥЩ¡
µʱ򣬺ôûãһɵ
֮˽Ҫܱܾͱܡ
벻ôֻ࣬͸¶Щ;úܸӣü˲ú󣬲˵
Ҳô࣬үôôɡ
˿ڲˮЦ̧ͷһŮ毺õʣ
þûᱻۣ
Ҫ֪ҲûһİգһʤӮңűɾҪԿˡ
ûаյ£Ȼȥ
ᣬ֮󣬸ᡣ
дĳ֧Σûб
ʤˣҲûа취
ҲȨΪȨǵĵ
û뵽ɻͻȻôʣһʱЩ㶣ûеһʱ𰸡
Ϊ֮ǰȷû⡣
κ̧ͷɡ
˵껰󣬾һֱһ̧ͷ۵ףǳЦһ˿棬˿ɫ⣬ٿ͸ĵʵ
ɫûб仯ϸü͸ӣһһǾ˼ǣ
ûźү
Ѳһȵģǵһ죬ˡ
ɽ§ڻ䣬Ц˳
棬̲סЦ
õˣҲһƾʲôˡ
ȻӿҪ
ֻнסѹЩ
ȵĺò䣬ֵ֪ΪͻȻЦֻ̧ȥЩԹء㣺
ү
յĸ·ɫʱɿ۵ףҲڸ·֮һЩδ˵
ú˿ˮø·ЩƣۣȴڳܷΧڣȻԼг̡
ʥϼݱϢѽʮգˣҲҳ㡣
Ǻɣ˶ûµ˼˵˷ӵ˯ȥ
ԥݳǴһգ·
ڹԥ֮󣬺ܿͽӽˡ
ԽǣѹֵվԽԽء
;нӵһź󣬾ͷԸָ·ٶȡ
Ȼг̣ɫЩѿ
ɿĵ΢ۣûа취
񾩳е¿Ҫ䶨ӮҲ룬Ǿ
ôü޵ģǹɥ
Ϊӣڳ
뾩ǲһ·̵ʱһֱڣûг
ٳţһ֪ԼȻ
ʱϸüɻɫ΢ףɿɫ΢
֪ǰѾ뾩ˣʱǽ֮ǰǴΣ
Ҫ͵뾩Ҿȴ͵
ôȻȫǣǴڳ⣬˽
ʹ㣬ȻСǵðմ򿪴͵
ǰĻңʱЩЩЩ£ҳֻ͵͵š
û˼Щóſڵ󣬾˸Ͻظ
سŵʿŵɫŵĵ΢Ͻ˷С
ʵܣſһ˫Ⱦʪӣؿɣʱʱί˵һ䣺
үܡ
ۣƿӣׯӣ
ʲôʱܵ
֪ǺʱôˣôãȻûеۡ
ׯΣ̶̲һڣүѾˡ
ֻһ߻ش𡰿쵽ˡһߴߴЩ
ٴƿǰׯӳ˿źң۾һ
үˣ
һ£˾͸оڼ٣ͣ
ҧǷܣܾҪҪ󣬱
ʹ겻ھǣҲһֱˣյϢۡʰãֻȶ˻
ϵĹܼſӭˡ
òûЩˣֻǿǰɫĴš
ң߸߹츮ϡ
һʱЩȻ
Ĵ߳ˣĸϡ
ü˳߿ңһøҽһߵׯȥ̫ҽΪϲ֣ļʲôÿģ
Ҫǲϲձ˽任ˡ
ׯһǳ鴤⸱Ǿ۴µģǺү뻻ܻģ
Ҳû뵽˵ոյǷ˲ɢȥ
һĽӲʣʶؾ˵⻰ļǵģɹҲӡ
ۿŮЩ׵ɫٿȻᱧֱӿۡ
лҪ˵Ǹ
Сʹһ£ֻǵˣҾͲˣô
ǳǸѽҹʮ֮ǰ۵Ķкһ£ôô


 67 

յǺ, ˴ׯȥ̫ҽ
֪û£ֻҪúϢһʱ, ųһ
ôʱ, ǴӱͰ̳, Ժûмܡ
ɶҩ, ι, šü, ָ˸, ĵһ·ˡ
䲻֪Щʲô, ȴҲֲµΪӶо
ü۳ЦЦʲôû˵, й
֮þͷɻָϢδ˵е£Ҳûжʡ
ֱһҹ, ̤ɫȥˡ
Իʼ֮, δ
δλҲʲôѹ
, ȥˡ
֪Ϊɺʲô飬ֻΪǳӣԱȥˡ
֬Խһϡ
Щ˵ʱ̬ȣɲͻ̫ǣ
ʹһĻѪԵ
һ֮»ʵǻʱ򣬲üһ£ʥּ£ɥա
һգھ˽Ҫ빬ġ
Ҳ⡣
տʼɾкүͷΣھвδְλڷأе÷š
÷Ѿ¶ѿ
빬ǰһ죬ɺȻ²Ѱá
ֻһλŮӣҲûֱסԺ
ں˵һ˵Ŀ
ʱЩȵ̧;˼һۣվʲôôô󶯾
Ժˡ
ԺķӲ֣Ӵֱ۵ؿԺӣֻ߳ȥ
ƿӣߵ䣬ɾӭϴŴЦüͷһá
վЩɵؿ׼ʲô
ʱѾͷԸ̧
䣬Ӿͱƿ̧һӣ̧ӺĸѾ߶̣߽
ϵĶþӵԲ
촽˶κЩЦãһԵ˻ôϲ𣿡
üԵ
Ͻ԰ЩΣȥ£ҡΣ̫ණһÿĿš
ʣµﲻÿҲܲµʲô
ͻȻ뿪ǰ˵ĻԭΪյѾȥˣȴȫû뵽һֱĵס
Ȼ޷ƭԼ˵ĺ޲
һɲǸж󣬾ǿЦãƽŮӰ㣬ϲЩȴĲǺ⡣
˽ʱתϣŲˮƵһڣʱʱƳһۡ
ĵԵòѣż˵Ͷͱ
ǵ˰ΣֻЩεؿԼʱĲЩˣȻһǷӲЩϵüƳ
ʳĻûţһЩɻί㲻ϲ
Цüᣬ΢΢βҲЩЦ⣬׳ֱĵһƬ
˵ϲ
ƲƲ죬˲š
ϲôܻôģ
ûϲӣĵ˵ʧź֮ʱЩ᲻𾢡
˵ʲôƳΧˣʱЩ죬Ҳ⸱ɫǰ֣ϸ׵ָɵϡ
ɵʶϣϸҲý
һ˫֣ʼʱϸۣа
һʱܰһ˫֣޹ǣʱһģһֻڲ
ƣŮӷ֬ϣһƫȥ
ദֹ˽ͬ˽á
̬ⷬˡ
ò֪ÿһεĻᱻʱʶԼûʶͿߣ
ү飿ҵȷϲүң
ɤһüҲܿƵһ΢šŵüԾ滺ۣһ˿Цû˵˵
ûвı仯浱Լ̬ȶˣ˵Щż
ү㽫ҷϣôܲϲ
һбƳһۣǾǲϲЩ
ϲϣȴû˵ϲ͵Ķ
ĻڵϵϣƬ̵Ȼ
ɫ΢ոǷֿЦָͷ
Цǳǳǲϲ
ֻɾͺǣǰ겢δ͵һȫ룬Ժһˡ
ȫһû˳յҡʱľޡ
˵ĵʲôܣЩϲǸϲϡ
δ˵ֻǴվ
ɸ׼ȥ֣վʱ𴽣Щˡ
ߵѾ߶ŵǰһ֧ŵ»صԱߣЦ۽ޣϸ˵
մ֧빬үÿɺã
ֱжʾȷϲδ׷˼
ɿüۣʱ̧ӣЩȻĺɫ
һŽӹе΢ͣǲģ
ˣ㡣
϶ȴǣŵϣŻشĻôʲôÿ
ƫͷȥЦԼס
ɫȫ¡
˽䣬̸ս飬Щġ
һ빬߻ûʲôϤ͢ǵˡ
һ԰οүģҸˣʲôҾʲô
šü˵ͷ
ڶգ˳һͬжȥ
ؾͲһС£ʹ̽õ¡
Ҳʱ͸̬ȣֻҪ˶óõĿء
û۵ģ򲻻Ϊá
ɼʹˣûзġ
һͬſˣȫȻ⣬ӹ˼Ĵ멣ϸϵϡ
һߵţ۸㣬ţб
ö˴ߣЩ죬ɣЩ˼С˵
ˣүȥɣûµġ
û˵վֱӣɨܴˣܴ˻ȥ
˷ӣûûɫ
òͬ·֮Ҫֿ
ǲģ⹬вݣȥĶҲ˸Ҷ
̫߸ϵˣҲһס
ǲˣ֪鷳Ҳ¸鷳
۸ֻ̣̾ⲻ뿴ġ
ûãþ;ȵؿԼϵ£ϵϣԱߡ
ɵĶԱߴ
ʹò֪Ǻ⣬δ⿪壬ԼΧ˵ķӦҲܲµ嶨򵥵װƷ
Ҫܾͱһֹ
ֹˣһк󣬻ׯӸá
ׯΪ˱ɵģҲͬûˣοֻǲμӹɥѣһΪΪҪʲôѨ
üͷ֪ڵʲôЩΡЩůĵ֤
үİɣ۸ңþ˼ȥ㣬У
գոԽõľٶھˡ
Ǿʱ͵
壬ɲ
ֽϵϣˣ˲۵۸ͷϣǲ;۷۵ס
ˣҲԼܹ
þ˼úչ֮󣬲Ųĵؿ湬뿪
лҪ˵ãΪֻȥμһɥе㺦
үǱ̫һͻ£ſ
ûгٵѽ~
֮󾩳еһЩǾͻ½
Ǹ壬۵ȷͦ۰ģźҲͦеλûɶʵȨ


 68 

ɷֿ, þͱŮźһһȥ
ż˳ͷʾ⣬ʶЩˣȴʧ, ֻǳЦ, Щ̽, ҲֻӶ
ɸոǷΪ̫ۣЩ˻ע⡣
˵, һ·Ϸƽ˾, δ˶˵ʲô
һ˰ߵ԰ʱ, Ȼǰһ
̧ͷȥ, ͼһŮ, ƫɫȹ, òޣʱŮһŭݣµʯשһ̲ˮȹЩҡ
һŮһ, ɫЩȴԻҡ
óνʶǰŮӣȺͣ¡
·ĹŮ˷ӣԵȡ
Щʣ˭
չɥ, ڹֳô󶯾ݸ߹󣬷û, һ֣öԼպñܿˡ
ط˵Ļǰǵºˣ翤Ů˶٣֪Ǹ뾩ǣãǵȵ۵ֳ
۵Ȼ
ݵȷ߹ֻϧǵúү˵ʱֵ֧£֮·վλλĵλȻˡ
ǰ־绹ûн翤ԵŭƳһԵ˷Ӧһ
Щ۵΢¶һСֹ
ⰲ翤ǰأ
˵ߵӣʾҪ˵
ˣҲܲµⰲ翤ģƳ۰翤ȹڣû˵
ۣǶԻʼҲߵȻûжʱˣѵ
λȻҲǲԣɥɻʺһֲͣʱǴ˻ʺ
ͻȻһŲûδͷͿǰĹŮɫԽæתȥ
볤˰
ȵֻһλ̲³˵ݣ¼ˣȻǵʺĸˡ
ÿǰİ翤Ҳɫһ߿ջߣ˻ͷ
ˣϵƳǰӣһδ˵ջߣһŮʿһɫ壬ɫ΢䣬ŮҪ̿ڣ

ŹСĻӣһȺŮϿڣҲãЩû˵ֻǲؿϡ
ųϣ֪⻰ǶԼ˵ѹеĲ⣬ǳЦ̧ˣ
ɫһֱǵģòЦЦ֪ǼǣȻӣЦŵ
Զݶ¶Թ֮»˽⣬һ߰ɡ
۵ȺȻ΢ɫҲЦЦԭǷˡ
˵һ󣬾û˵
ǳЦ£ұ㹧ˡ
֪Ƿ˺ү飬֮ݸ߹󣬸ڶߣЩ鷳
һ˼ǰߣ˳һ࣬Ѿ߻ʵȴȻЦЦʾơ
·翤ʱüͷƳһۣ΢棺
ɥڼ䣬ô
ֶһԹŵĹŮȥɡ
ǹŮ˿лûһͲӰ
翤ɫ࣬ȴҧû˵
üҲźۼһλ翤ƺԸ£һ̫͵ȥ
ݲ̫ͬ͵мλã￴˵ʺ󣬺ڴɫҰײͬʱĻʺ󣬷ۼβԵ߹ϡ
߽ʱһۣھƽ
ù˺Ͱ翤м䡣
翤ң˽ǹڴλãھ˵ĵһţھƷӦںһЩ񲿵˶ǿ²˵ˣ֪ɽ俴أ㽫λ÷˰翤ҷ
Ϊ
˹ھǰҷȻǿڶλʱ۵׶¶Щ𾪡
ʵԼĵҲЩȣ˵ߣЩڣЩֱ
󷽵İ翤üһۣƺҪ˵ʲôǡûʺֻ߽ϴţƺڲ²ݡ
ţŹ˵ù͹ÿ޾͸һ档
ֱһ֮òȻ̧ͷһԵɡ
֮ǰ˴ڣӰҲ֪ʲôʱġ
ȻҲλòδ⣬ֻǳ˵ͷĵ΢Ļ˲ƽ
Ҫ̫͵գ֮ǽȵ꣬ڼ䣬ƫЪϢ
ʱòߵĳϵĻǿڿʣɵƫЩˮ
Щ˵źʵǵƫϢһĹһգպӷҪɡ
Ȼл̧ȥɣײɵߣƫۣõ˵ͷ˼ѵطسƫȥ
˰գϥǴޱȣʱЩֱ
˼һԣǵˣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷûлػ
Ǹյƫӭײ˰翤ڰǰ翤뿪ˣ⡣
λʶҲ֮򽻵˵ͷʹƿС
ȴλͻȻڣһ£
ü⼸ɲһ壬ܽ棬˿ֻǹһգɫ΢ף˷ģһüϧ
翤δɫֻǽ´һ΢̧򦣬ŷˣЩ֪Ǻˣ
Ѿߣ£ȴɿ߰ӣǴ˷ѯʣҲһɸ߸ϡ
ǲ֪ݣЩɵҪЩ
΢ϸüϥǴۣЩͣǳǳҴϵңȻ
ƫڻЩϢˣ˶ϣ䲻ʶãǶǼĸԾд¶ţλƷ˻ؾ˭˲֪
֮ڣֻλټϸոմڵλãѲ³ݡ
翤üͷĻشЩ⡣
ԴӼ֮󣬲÷裬ҲϢ⣬֪ʱ
ͳԼʺоŮ˸߸ϣȴǵһء
ʹˣɴӳ˶ˣеŮĵһˣͻȻðһ֮ϣȻˡ
ò˵ƹƫȥû뵽ȴһ£Щײֱۣ˼ȷסɫ΢Ƴ磺
£
糶һĨЦ֪˷Ӻθ
Щž˿ЩҲ֪ⰲ翤Ƿǹģ
˭֪λ䱻븮Уȴû֣
ҲһЩߣ͵֪ûλش
ٿȻ߬ӣҧ⣬סһѿ
ߵľ˼Ҳɫһ䣬΢вؿ硣
ԭһʣϾ⾩Ů춼㣬Ůӵݵλδǰ丸֣֮󣬿ҡ
٣ʴ˰һʣɴʱҲɫвԾ
۾ĵһĨ²⣬־ûƣظһ飺
ţ˷Ǻˣʶ
лҪ˵Сѡ
⣬ͦϬ


 69 

ֻЩ, Űıʣᣬɴʱǲ, ʲô, Ȼó˵ߡ
һĨЦ, ˷⣺뿤θɣ
ɰʱȴ뿪Լ²ǰ, ǽյλð, ڴ
ס, һͱˣΪβ˵Ѳʲô֮
ɫĪҪ̫
߰, ׳, ʺδʱһ, Ὣõ۵ס
ں棬Ҳͬں
ʱõݣȲǻ׹壬Էֱտڲ, ټϵ˵ķӦȻµЩϲ̨棬ˣȻ֮, λ׷Ź£
˹ЦЦڣ棬ò, ˣ÷顣
߬ʵ˵ҧ⣬΢ЩƳĵ׵ǷѿԽ̡
ƫƫ粢δʲô
ӽסƳƫſڴҴҶӰЩʪĵӿί
绹ʣһں
֪
ЩİǰȴĪĵЩ⣬תͷȥʱ۵𾪣˽ԭ
ȵ˽ŮӵУϹ߳ĵЦȾ⣬ô硣
罩˰Σǿǣɷ˷ӣԭǺү
˵ҲǲôȽϣȲǰ󣬼ʹҲҪ֣ο
ĵװûڣ֪ŮӱǼԼôҲ̬ȡ
ɳ˰û֮⣬Ҳ֪δ飬檶ûУŮû֮£ͼܣĵٲöһֹȻ˵ӡ
ĵŭⰻȻԭΪԼùˣڴ֮ͥ£͸ȴ룬Ȼ㲻ۡ
ǣ˴Ļ
Ϊθ
ɸĿµѿȥŮӵ֣ȴ߬úܽӽӲɵͷȥȴӣ۽ϵʪɫ
ĵ΢ۣԽޣȴ˲Ұ鷳ֻˣã
Ȼǰһ˵ؾʱĻ
үԺݴһؾ
Ͳµֳ棬ȴʲôû˵˾ǡ
»Ҫ󱾾ΪˣŹɥŻᵢЩʱ䡣
֮»Իʥּʱٽԭ㽫Ϊ
ǿǰĳЩڣ֪ԼĴ㣬˵ֺڱ˱ˡ
ѹĵ׵ӵɬ⣬̧򴽹һĨȣĨ£ɬɤӣ
үû¡
ɶȻüͷǼŵһѪζĵһͻȻס򦣬вѪʱ۵׶ʱȾϺ⡣
ɫһɽ¥ΣգȴƽĵѹѰ
ƽسׯӷԸȥ̫ҽ
ׯؿ۰磬£ƫ˿ɵɫЩڡ
ñͷɣŭ⣬ĵ׵Ƿίʱزס˳β£ȴǽڹУֲ̧ᣬŴǣһĨЦȴû
ĵһһٵۣ̰㣬ɢȥ
̧滳˲ᣬɻȴйֱתſǻŴأү۸ң
§ɵȥ˵ɫ
ʹûΣ
Ȼûֺ֣αض̬
˵ί㲻ίȫȥ
Ļĵ˿޳ĵףָ̧˸˿ã
䣬ͲŮͷһԵİ翤ʱɫ
ۿܿ񣬶óһĨЦҲһʱ棬ûԷ˵˼ĪҪˡ
ЦζԶδһۡ
һҲǲ֪һ١ٶ˵Ϊ֮Լš
ʱׯ̫ҽ߻һŮ֮ǰʱһΣǻʺŮ
ǹŮһͲضɷ˷ӣү
źү̫ҽеǣԸ̫ҽǰ
̫ҽ̫ҽԺԺף֮ǰֻΪȵۺ̫
Ůĵõڽ΢ɣɲòʺӣǹŮס
ҪһɾٿȻ˳ǣƽɥ֮󣬱ţ̵һ
ɫɷףȻˣֱԽҪȥѰŲҷ۵ס
οȥǼ򵥵̣
ǵŮȴܳλǸ֪˼ȥǺ
¹˲νĸ߰æˣ֪Ϊóͷ
֮ǰǱʧԣ˲Ҫϡ
˿ûжɫҲûһ˿⣬ɫأҧ˵˵Ǹ
ǸûжȴЦɨϡ
أܰɫ§ã˳ƫȥۿ̫ҽ̫ҽæͷϡ
ƫڵƿߣҿɶˣȶ˽棬ⲻɫشŰ磬ɫ࣬ȴڲסģĵװЦ
ȵ߷ߵصһۣ뿪󣬲һ˳˵
վͲ˷۵ףߵ˰ɡ
֮ǰ԰Ϳڳ翤ˣԱߵһλüͷ˵
㣬˵䡣
˲ǰԾһȣǵѾߣڻ̬ⷬ
֮ǰʺδؾʱڷ˻ʺǻϲ֪飬Ļôӡ
ɫ˱䣬˵ױãԶһЩ
֪ʹǷ֮أܲסԼ졣
翤ǣҲҪǿôڰ翤뿪󣬲ų
Ļöûɰϡ
̫ҽתͷ˵˲޴󰭣ĪҪɡ
ɫ̫ҽҲǰ㣬ȥ˵ֻʵʵ˵
ʱɲ΢üͷׯ̫ҽȥվһԣͷŮӡ
õЩۣողעҧ˵ģ򴽣֪ڸ˵Щʲô
Ȼͷһ̾ЩΣһ˿δŭ⣺
Ӧ£ȥѰ
öʱñǼЩᣬɬЩʪ⣬ӣǷŴɤ˵Ҳãúүˡ
翤δʲôȻþ˼ȥѰ
ֻһشĻѡ
Ͳ
ôοԼҲ޷ĨȥʵˣʱͲܶһֶ˵
֪ߵ˶жãʱ˵ֶҡ
ͷ˼׷ףȻӱ˴ǰӵסҧŴ꣬۵׵ᣬס˵ͳߣ
ãٵȵȡ
ȵɥҪģеġ
лҪ˵ȹɥþͿˣѽ

 70 

ڵž, ԭأЩš
̧ͷˣЩүʲô˼
۽, ǲĻ, Ϊ, Խš
šüе, ۽, Σôֿޣ
˶, Цո, δ޳
ǰ, ǴȤ
úȻס֣Ź, ָⷺŰףҧҧ꣬ѹĵ׵ű˵үΪԼ, ֪үá
ݾ䲻ο޹ˡ
֪û˿ΪΪʹݸ߹
, ҪȢҲҪһĴۡ
ܽ棬һܽޡ, ټϱý˷󣬽ʩ˷죬ɫðЩһȹʺϹɥװ硣
ʱһ˫͸ӿɣ۽ո΢죬˷ֽɫ΢
ɵ͵ЦͷϵϣϵģʱЩᣬֽɫ΢һһ仺
ȵʥּ˵и֮ˡ
ñΪƷʱʥּôһ䣬и
Ƕ֪仰ϣΪͷˡ
ɵ˳£˿𵽶óƽ𴽽Ц£
и֮ˣǲ۳ġ
һ˲΢٣ؿǰãһʱ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
𱰵ȼƿڹ
ǰˣظ⡣
û˵ҲֻĳŴЦЦ
ס򦣬˳֪Ҫʲô˳ӵ⣬һСڣȴѪ
üͷ˿ſ֡
ôֱӰ
һ⣬ǲˡ
ˣеϢҵûЩ£ԣҲֻǹɵصͷ̧ӣؿ
Ƴ⸱ģЩΣֲԾ𴽽ǣѹѹǣվֱӣų֣
ʱ䲻ˣˣûȥˡ
ȥǻصڣڸո磬Ҫȹǰǲܻظ
ýֵݸһͬȥʱѾˣ˳Ҳֻǳ˵ͷʾ⣬ҹ
ɸоʱʱɨ
ֻս˵֣һδ
ɽ͵ſڣȽȥǰλùº󣬲ŲĵߵԼλô
ǰƫ£Ѿø£͸о˲סشԼ
šüͷֱ̧ͷɨһȦ
ЩѲɫջߣЩȴײߺЩȻس˵ͷתͷȥ
Ѿ˵˰翤£ãȻ֮ǰӺ档
Ϣͨˣ֪λ˵ĳɾˣȻüһŭΪգԽǸеȡ
жʲô֮ϱ֮ǰҪЩ
ܸоΧ˵ı仯ջߣɫ΢ʱžЩȥ
˵Щǲġ
΢ʹ߹ΣǵƣĪ˵С֮ŮƽգҲ޷õǵĹ
òɵ˼Уֻ֮ǰٳţµ֪Ѿ߻鱾ģ£Ҫ̽
ɻżἰ£ʹ֪öԻǺ̬ȣȴЩԺŮϣΪıûʺıӻ뵽޶ˡ
ҲöԾŮ첻˽⣬ʱͬʱԸţȻ
ھǣȼԹĲûУҪŵĴҲһԽԽࡣ
΢ϸüκźһ
ǺүҪھǾٲҪЩǷ˴򽻵ǻˣ˶ԲϺţȻǲеġ
ɲҧҧ꣬ʶ̧ȥѰɣȴɴǳһĨŪķȣ΢ȣһԿȥͿԹһӡ
΢ӣԼǵ֮ǰԹŵĲǴˡ
ӣűҪ곤꣬ʱһ⣬ѹ˵ʲô
һȦɴ˿ɼݲ͡
˾Զ˵̸ȴܿٿȻüͷش˼ۣЦ֪˵˾ʲôɫһһѹŻȴֻܰ಻
ÿľսǹɥǰԶ»ʣ͵͵»ʿһۣȴֻܿ»ʵıӰŵ߬ʹ֪зִ磬ȻŲġ
ʱұߵˣͻȻڣߵǰ翤ķ
˵΢ֻͣһ۵һ˿Ȼ˵лƳһİ翤ȻͿ翤ɫ΢ڡ
ȥһۣòջߡ
ٿɵʱѾû˵ӰͻȻߴһ
尲Ļ΢ɫɨһۡ
ոհ翤Ǿǡ
ЩţȻݲͣǵ˵λ翤ķͬһλү֮ݲ͡
λΪֹѽ⣬ʲôɫԶһЩ
Լ԰ʱ뷨ûˣȷԶЩƫλҪһҲմϹϵġ
ò׵ȵҹɫ£ñ˼ѵطվһԵİҪ˵ʲôϥǵۣ첽˳ȥ
ѾڴˣѾӹ멸ϣס֣ЩЦʣ
ôˣ׷Ƶġ
ϥ΢뿿ߣһ§šüϥǴҪ䱧·١
ֱŻ뿿ɻ˵ڵҺү˵ˣǰ翤ķ
ףʾ˵
һ˿û翤Ǿ仰˵
˶٣Щɵʣ翤һˡԵ𣿡
۵¶һ˿Ц⣺֪λ翤ǰ
˵׵ǷЦЩת
Ϊˣƫ£԰Խϲ
׶ԣ£֮ãΪƾδ֮ͥ£ã
ĪǾΪνĳ
òɫ죬Щؿ
Ȼ֮ǰˣŮ˵ȷЩ󵨣Ƕڱ˵ûйǰүΪ¶ⷬɫ
Īǡ
ɫ˱䣬Щǣǿس˳ǣƵѵ翤ǰϲǡү
΢٣ЩЦãЩʲô
Լǰ
һЩ˼ϵĲ豭һڣĺӿЩɻ󣺡ȻǺүү
ɵͷ֣˿ڲˮŲ˵
翤ˣҲ
գգ۾
翤һֱھǣֳ뾩ǣŹӣǺү֪޼
ϸʱɺһ˿ڣǲǰȥ˵¡
䣬ֱӿպµˮɤӼ䣬ȵӷ죬æḧ󱳣˳κòŻʿˮЩһѾأЩɣ
ûмǴλ£ǡã
һУΪҡס
ʱ򣬵֪Ϊⷬɫ˵ףΪƽ
ǣ£񣬾ģʹǵҲϵ
ֻ˵һ䣬ת翤ϣ
ֹˣ˶Ҵţ翤ȴȻͲ˶֪ϲ¡
зһ˿ЦȻ
ˣȵ۸ʱֺڵ¡
ŮծȻر˻ҵ翤ܻڣҲ
ѱ𾪵˵ŲˮĬĬغŲˮ
лҪ˵ã˵ҴˣҲ


 71 

ڹʱ, ʹòҲû̫£ͣ, ֱӴὫ˱Ž
û˵, Լȥ
ȵԺ, ɲŽڴϣ, ƿȹ, Щϵϥʱ, ɵɫ˲
Щ, ȴû˵
, Ҫȥ˫ȳ, һЦ˵
үģֻǿذˣ¡
ʱ·ѵģ, һֱߣȴûпڽҴ
ԡ֮ϸĵҩĸо, ʹɿ΢ü⣬͵ۣЩã, ֪ôͻȻˡ
ֱЪϢʱûô˵ò֪ô죬ֻѽĻָ߬½
̾˿šüͷӵڻȴСŲҪȡ
Ц۾䡣
ڶգδ˾Ҫ빬
øʱ滹ɺڣһյյ͸ȥƻЩʪʪ
ñ˷пڴŻЩʵӣϷδɢתһȦδ﷢˵ټЩʣ
үأ
˼ǰùӹסһ߻ŻүǰˣȥǰԺˣ˵ǵȷˣһš
ΪһһգһûзԣǱҪõģһպѰȥ
ʶӦƬ̲ŷӦȥǰԺˣ
ɥڼ䣬κ¶ͣƫͷȥɫôҪʱȥǰԺ
˼ݸһűˮӣϣʵػ˿žЩ´ǰϸ˿Լϥǡ
үõҩãѾЩȥ
ʵͲأֻƤӡӣմ齼ʱүϸģҲǶͺһƬ
۵ǲˣֻЩᣬҺۼҪЩӲȥ
˼ź£ŵĴ϶ͭ˿ԼɫղδعɫЩףͲδЩۡ
ȵʰã˽Ŷʱɲų֡
һĺ⣬ǼӲü΢ţ֮ɫҪЩлŶýˣòſ壬ë޵
Щɻؿˣүһȥæ
̧бһۣ޵һΪ˭
䣬ֱȹڣöʱǺһ˶һԣЩߵزѣСسţүڸ
ûԼĶϥǴ
öʱסʶʲôָϥϵĶһӦǺޣǽޣļ㣬ȥϥǡ
΢Ϊ˵ģүģлү
ոյı֣ĵס
ҧҧ꣬ȥӣ˻Σ˵棬Щ˼ȴˣүոҲãˡ
˶٣ּæʣүԼ׼
һԣس󣬲Ų̲Ӧ
ܰסܲҲȥֿԡ
⣬ջ󣬿ˣĵɻ
ʲô࣬Ůȴ࣬Щ˹գᶼ˿
ģȻˣ˸ⷨӣֹˣΪЩ˿޲ӶǾģһ۽ǣᡣ
Ȼ׼ˣǽҲ׼ˣʱؽһӵݸãŮЩߣƲЩȻ
նӡ
ýӹӣվǰ۾̼Ҫᣬ˲ӵá
˵⣬ʹԼܿ޵óҲ
ϸ룬ȷû©Ŵ˳ȥ
չɥҪ࣬û鷳翤ϲȴҲֻһͲȥöԴ˿⡣
ˣܿɥվ͹ȥ
չ󣬾ûھ˵¡
˼ųȥĵ˿
ʹģգҲʲôܵĲ£ټʱˮδ۶գݺòЩⶼȥ
΢΢ȥ°ͼϸϸģƴĵ˫۾ִԲպү۵߶䡣
߳վû濴ϤӰЩȡ
һ׷ˣձȥˣүū֪һ
һվվûеס˵ĵŶǹЦ£º͵˵ͷˡ
û˵ֻǹȥ
ԥǻȺүʱ翤Ӵڱ˷߳šü⣬ϴŽĲ·ЩŤӦǹþˡ
һʹž˼תȥȥȺү
ɴʱҲʱǰס˵ȵȡ
һֱۣСϣֱסõ·
òźۼü⣬ԭؿǰˡ
ЩǱϥǴЩۣΪ֮ǰǷòۣ첽á
Ȼ⼸ռûж˭֪粻ҪǣŰ裬˵һ
Ȼ˵˹ɥȥһȥ
ֳ£Ѿ֪ˣ˸ţҪԼȥǼȥ˵ʧ棬պҲظˡ
Ȼȴ֪ԼĿɽǵ
ֵ֪֧»ʣ»ʵۣɾˣҲ»ʵĳֻҪٻܱסġ
Ҳ˰ˣеĹ̫ˣҲͲϡˡ
ĵٵԣҪüüĸԴǰŮˣԾ㰲粻ϲãҲòͷõǸ
ñ˼ţǰİ磬ԼܴšüͷһŲ̲ʣ
ΣĪǻҪ֮ǰ⣿
ǳ𣬰統Ļ⣬ԲЦӭˡ
һĵװСۣʵʣοѾȥôã
ϹۣŻῴССŮӣûһҳȡ
ĵô룬ȴǳһĨЦŷǿǸ⣺
֮ǰǱԣ˴˴֮ǰ·ϡ
̬ⷬһԵ˿þȣΪ֪ӣΪˡ
ö˽⣬Ȼо˵뷨ֻǵأˣյ£Ȼֵҷϡ
ɵסģõһɤӣʹŵƽٯһƬ⻰ȴʮ̶ִ
ֵϣ
ҲǾϵġֵáȻˣտʼǾ仰ǲϵ̬
ĵŻòУȴֻЦӭˣһģ
ȻˣǱͷˡ
ͤͤվԣƺǲƳһۣβһĨĲ⣺˵ʲô
ΪװɵüͷȻϣյĻҲǲ˰ɣ
óӣ˵ֱǼ⣬Щ;ȵؿһۣ
˵ʲôүʲôҿɸŵģ
ûܰЩɫڲ
˵ˣүҲֻδ飬Ķȥˣ
̸ֻ䣬ἰλŮĲˡ
ûȥֹ
Ϊٳ֣үⷬ˼ЩСȴɱӺ
Ҫͨ£žٷĿԡ
үһΪȻ᲻ʶôһƬ⡣
ɫպү˵Ļ
ʥּǼķˣź棬ɱ˿ȥ
κ˼Ҫӱ
ʲôԭȥֹүҪ¡
ΪţүʲôԼ뷨סִ硣
ʹΪ
лҪ˵ȣԭ£᲻Ůݣ
ŮˣүʲôǶԵģźү߾
ӣΪ
ҲǻʼϣģӶҪȱ
ڽʲô
ﲻԵĵطСʹָ
ƫҪö衷ãղһ£ôô~


 72 

ɫһһ, ϴƫʱҲǸʱ, , ĵǸҲǲм
籾֮, ðģյ, Ҳ֪ˡ
, Ǵ䲻, ȴʲôԡ
ʱȵ۵Ӷ, οһѳ޵Ŀ
ͬ, ûڣԭΪ, Կ֮ǸñӦòرʾ޷Ŷԡ
ôˣĵǸ, ȴˡ
ǲüȥע⣬ǰ׷ѹǸˣ
Ȼûеļᶨɫü, ̧ͷŭãɫ, Ӳ˵
ˣĪҪ̫֣þղǡ
Щͣٺ˵Щһִھ˼ֱϣɨһ۰磬뿤ʲô˵ģ뿤ÿɡ
粻УżѾߣӾˣҲȾ˼ӵʱվڰҲͶ·ϡ
üۣǲУ
͸һ⣬ͬ꣬ҲȾɵɫʱ⸱ģʵˡ
罩ӣʹ˷УģУٵˡ
ʱҲзǰź翤ʲôɫҲˣүǺܿҪǱˣ಻á
вͣ˻ǸýΧҲǸѡ
ɲ֪ʲôʱͳˣϴζλ⣬ָʲôء
ȿڣܱǿֵˣҲ͸Բһһ䣬ҲͲô֡
ʹٲģŭҲòϣԼûа취޺޵ջ֡
Ƴһۣ飬һԵڷ˵˵ͷҪ뿪
ͻȻСһŮĹŮ
ǹŮһ߽˶ʱʵùôˣǻʺʲôԸ
ĹŮ˷ӣ̬ȴǲɨһۣŲǳЦ˵
̫͵ǰЩ£ʺūѸλһ䣬⻹̫͵ǰλ˿ĪҪȵ۵İ
˶йķ򣬷ӣҵȼסˡ
¶һǳЦмãе˵ˣδˣŻǱ߻ҪЩʱ䣬Ըūȱ衣
΢㶣ܵ˶ɲؿ²ʱͬʺϹϵˣ
ǹŮžķ򣬹ƣûٶ룬ž˼ǰȥ
翤վԭıӰ۵һ˿ɺͲ
˰ңŵ˾
ʮָûʣ̨׺󣬲ŷ̵ֵȫש沼ðʮ־£ûж࿴սڸλĻʺ
չɥڼ䣬λʺΣȴǵһε
ʺһֱ߽󣬾ͻ֣ᷢͷ֧ۼȴ˿ڲסɫ֬ˡ
»Ϊú󹬣Ƿݴͻʥּǵľȵġ
ɫһԹһ˿ޣⲻһμʺȴȻûۣҲ˰ˣᲽǰ񣬱üۣ˵һԡ
ûж࿴λʺҲΪүȹԼ⣬ү˵ǰ㣬׶ѡ
ο»ѵǻү£Ķ󣬶ڣ»ǸλãүĵλЩˣ֮£ĻǼɵ
λϵĻʺ׺ͣȴҲ룬Ҫ󣬾ͷԸŮ
˴
º󣬻ʺǳЦ˵˲ؾŷյüȻ鴫
Ʋ˼شʺˡ
ʺл̸ţ׼ʺΪΣλϣÿ仰˼ǲܳڣʹǰ˺Уɽš
Ļʺɫ΢źۼЦЦܿõ̬ȣ⡣
λˣЩ棬ɸĻǣΪ˵Լĳŵ
ֹͳΨһã㹻Ļмˡ
չһŮӣ֮Ͷѡ
һҵʱ䣬й鷿ɢˡ
̧ʺҲЦЦȤԷһʣʱ侹죬ˣǺүҪұҪˡ
΢죬ܲĴȤˣʺ˵
ȥ
ûƴǣ˷ӣŸŹ¡
ʺıӰɢпϣùΪΧ˳ЪЪţ鷿Ϣ
ʱ߽վʣλʲô
ʺЦ£뾩ǣ׻Ǿ
ԭΪͽˣ̤ڵʱʺȴðһ䣺
֪ʲô
羪ȵؿʺ󣬻ʺֻǳЦЦʵһ仰û˵
Ǿǣλ֪ˣ;ô̬ˡ
̤˾΢üͷ˴һۡ
ɿӣ߬塣
ոջʺĻƺȫ̸ȴЩʺ˼
˼æסɫãæǵһ䣺ôˣʲôף
֣˼ѹСƳһۡ
һ¶һĨ糣ǳЦû£߰ɡ
ڹͣ£ջž˼ȥ
ʺ̬ȣһ㣬ףʺȷ⣬Уණûʺ̬ȱģ塣
٣ʺ˿룬˿Ρ
ӦүҪ󣬶ԼҪչˣȴ׽Լ
÷һɫָҲͻʺཻ̫
ݸ߹ұɽ̫ˣãҲҪ˼̫ࡣ
õݣһ˼Ͳ˺ͻ̫׽
ýſɣ΢һ̱ӣڳԣȴһȥЦ
ûϢǼ˻ʺ𣿡
þûһ۶ûɿ۵ףһԵ˲ˮߡ
һŲˮһ꣬ƲŻع΢΢ֱӣбƳˣ
үϵʺҹȥ
ɽеһߣԣҡҡͷüţһĨЦ⣺
⵹δһûп㣬ʹŲµˡ
ջ񣬽멽⿪žЩ͸ƱԹүҲδңʺ󾿾ʲôˣոھҽˡ
ǻʺ󣬿ɲʧƵĿ
һμʱ԰翤Ƿ̬ȣҲǴ˶԰̬в³λĵλ²
䣬˺Ȼϣһ㶣ؿˡ
ͼšüޣʲô
죬Ҳ֪ԼǸ۷ļɻ䣬ЦЦæתƻ⣬ʺ̬˵˳պôԴλʺ
ûмŻشûʺΣ
ÿһۣǺ˼ȴü⣬ʵش𣺡ÿϻۣ塣
ʣ˵ǿ佱ʲô
ûϸʣһ仰ϲ
ЩĻҭסһۣŽ˵ʲôϲϲģʺ󲻹ˡ
û˵ﱧЩ΢üң⳯һȥ˹ػش֮ǰ⣺
òض룬ֻͿɡ
ԭţòʲôкѣƽڸģǺ߽ɻʺȴǲͬóʺ԰õݵĵȷȷûһ˿һ˿ðúͻʺ󽻺õ˼
Ҳû˼
ȻˣԼǿ
úɵؿһۣܾոʵйŹ֣ȴ˵
֪ɵ뷨˸ж⣬ǸĻЩȻ
ΪױһˣʲôѣŶٳ徻ˣһ˼Ѿ㹻о֣ᣬкү
ǼѸˣүǲͬ˼Ȼû˼ȥװ̫ˡ
лҪ˵һƪʺǴģ̬ȲŻ˲һ
ʺ£ϸ˵ѽҾһ
ﲻ£Ϊʺõ̬ȣԺүкøе
ɥ


 73 

պ, ҲȷԣԵŵò֪ɺ͵̸ʲô, ֮, ͺ˵, պᰲ翤
òüȴûж˵ʲô
չɥ, ת۶, ֮, 𾪵Ϣ, »ʸɺôͻʥּ
Ϣһ, 𾪡
ǶƷˣ˶֪, Щ¸صھˣ߻ʼҹЩ߰Ůʵֻźˡ
õݣԳ, ʵ֮
ɼȴˣֻҪͷҶԸ
˶֪Ǳɴ뾩ǵģҲ֪˹ϵǳ, ˲඼Ϊֻô޷ݵشںаˣ̧ϵݡ
Ҳˣڹɥڼ, ȴûһ˿׽֮⣬һֿҲǿڼϡ
֪ΪļˣŴ򽻵ˣʤ
˶Ϊ𾪣벻ͨôȢһŮӣʲôʥϣ
ЩŮȴǿʼʽÿ۵ףĵ׶Щ裬üȢΪޣ˵ûһĻֶΣ˭ţ
پеЩǲŵġ
УõĻֶᡣ
Ͼ䣬˲ЩŮܽ檣ûмֱӳΪӣң
˾ûĵҲЩ˲̫Ůӣ˷ס
ٶĺͲԼүľ£
ýּʱ򣬾ԭأ㶵ؿԵӡ
ɽʥּվһüҳЦ߬ȻñЩɬۿһ죬Ťͷȥ
ǰߵ˾͸ٵȵȡ
δ˵ȴ͸Щ˼ʱţ˿̽ӵʥּɾòʵ
һƺԣϵЦʱʧ򦣬ʹתͷʱЩң
ôˣ
֪ΪοޣֻΪԼˣ룬Ҳ벻Լʲô˵£û̽
Ǳã㣬òˣòã
ȴ֪ԽСĵ׾Խܣֹסصܵˣ
û֪ڵĸܡ
ʱûĸݸͬ͸һ㣬Ҳ͸˶硣
޸ΪıǰĽףĵҲһ˿ڴ񮂵ΪԷڴ
ԭΪֻҪݸһ㣬ĬĬ͸ˣ͵±Ӿˡ
Ǳʱȴ˺ү
үãʮְٷֵĺã֮ĸҪãܹ󣬵֮׵ůû֪ж⡣
δκ˵Ļšš
꣬δһ£Ϊүá
꣬ɱ͸ûؾǣȴδһΣβ룿
ʺȥүؾǰ¶˿ҹȴڴϣһҹδߣǿԼ˯
Щδ֪Ҳδ
ԭΪںүҲã˲֪ȴ֪үжã͹ˡ
ɽսӵʥּ֪ԭô̰ģ̰ĵʥּϲ
ɻҧŴ꣬Ĭᡣ
֪ݶ˵ҲۣҪ˽һΣ뽫Լ˩һ
ɲ֪뷨ȴҵؽ˱סʥּ˼ϣЩڵϣҺׯּۿؽʥּ
ȻǱ˴ȥһӻʼҵܲˡ
Щͷԣѹ²⣬Żˣֻϲˡ
ôʱڻع˼Ӳᣬ⣬Цü䣬ſǻҧ֥ڵԲ㣺
үû¡
šüЩĵؿ
ȴǲᣬԽЦԽģµӲܽޡ
үҸˡ
˵ллү
֪ʥּү֮ס
ĺүãһ㣬ӹɡ
ϸһһԭ˵ʲôʱҲ˵ˣ׼һ˵ʱͬ˵
˼Ϊźõˣܲµõ˼ʱҲۿ΢죬ȴһЦ⣬ֹסΪˡ
֮յӺȻ
ȥһ÷ᣬǶӡ
£㹻ýǵ˽һ飬Щ˼Ҫүӵģĵ׶˽
ⶨһŹ֮ȵۣ»ʻ᲻˭Ҳ֪ĿǰƲʣЩԭȵıʵ˭Ҳ֪᲻ǰǰ⡣
ԣᣬҪȥģ˳ⷬˡ
ٹ˼գǳϦʢ磬ɲپǣпѣȴǱμˡ
ʱڹϣϲˣٲҪЦ
֮⣬ɻһ֡
ɽͣò֪λź̫ˣãģԾ㹻˽⡣
ֻ˵ļ㣬ñ¶óպˡ
էиѣǺ¡
÷磬޲ص˶
Ҫġ
ϾλãڿʹǸطƬط֮ǰסŵĶˣҲǻ׹ݲסġ
˵ǷЩһزڴˣʥʹ͵ģܱܲȻӵĸۡҪ
ͬԼĸۡȻǸЩټϸӳפŴԵ÷Щ
ۼֵҲȲϼ
øкк˳ϡ
ЩھУΨһʶˡ
һǰģѾߣüǰȥ˻˰һͬȥ
üһˣһ䣺ôǷһˣ
һǳЦУҲģڸúϢ
ȻЦŵͷˣӣҪ½Щ
ʵǴ޹УʱǻῪڹϲһģݲʡ
֪Զûἰʥּһ¡
ϷҲõ̬ơ
û˼ǰգֻһ˵ʱ֮ǰͬЩ˵䣬Ҫֻʱ仰
Щ޴ʶүģЦ⣬һۣ㹻ƿ⡣
ڼ䣬ܸоЩ޵Ŀڴ
ɫؿȥͿһЩŮһЩŮӴЩ˴ģҲǽʣΪ岻죬ͬһ
΢һһλ֬ȹװŮӣһ֧̽ӣݣѩپ£һ顣
עǣһʼڲʱʱؿá
ÿȥһ㶣Ǵ󷽷ضЦЦȻתͷȥߵ˵Żٿá
Ҳջߣü۴ЦȴǳһЩ
Ůӵֱʱ㣬ֻǶһۣܸоպ˴򽻵ĵط١
ѯǺݡ
ŮӵòӦЩͬ˴꣬˵Ѿ׵Ŷԡ
лҪ˵Ǹˣе£ǳǸ
Һø


 74 

Ȼ˵÷, Ȼȫ̶ûãϷ˾ȥ
Ϸǲμӵ, Զ˵尲ġ
Ϸ˵¸, Ȼ, Ӧݼһ¡
״Ʋ俴һۣ˵ȥ, ΰĿġ
һ, ʶһλȶļˡ
, ĵŮ, Ѿ, ˸˵׵䣬Դ˴ǰμĻһЩûлĲſꡣ
ϵغͳϡԼ˵Ż, ˳ǰš
żãĵ΢Щźʵ֮ǰҲ˼ס
Ͼݰ˭, ǸģƫƫȥһΣͱռˡ
Ϊ檣˵ûᶯ˼, ƫƫʥּˡ
ôҲܽ׵ĹŮȥ檣˵ǺүˣδλҲܡ
Щ۵, ҵĵŮ檣Ůν
˵ŻǱкѣϺþƫˡ
û£δϸոյ˼ǳϿһЦ˳
û񣬲ؿϣôˣ
ɵĶ飬
ոն˵ɫ𣿡
ЩɬȻ΢죺ҸոЩʧ񣬲δ壬ͷ˽⡣
һۣǺɸְ㣬˵㰡
ҡҡͷתܣƳȺŮӣʾÿһŵŮӣȻ˵
λǶĵŮŮ֮Ժգչ֮Ƕ׵䡣
˳߿ȥһ˿ȻŲµҪ˵ʲôȻϼؿڣǰյʥּⶨὫĿڼϡ
䣬òźۼۣŮһǳȻЦл˸֪
ҲЦſһۣҲصģȻʥֻּὫ˼£Ȼû͵Ů檵ĵ
֪˵ʵ͵Ů檣⾩Ҳ̧ͷˡ
Ȼһת˸䣺
Ҳܷŵ̫磬ﲻ˵ģŮȴǶ಻ʤŮǲ檣Щ˻Ů
˵ԸȥŮ֮⣬ҲĸŮ
ЩŮһӿвճĵλʾԼ˵ҪǣŮĻԼĸģۺӵģ;ĸ
˵һЩ򷢡
Ȼ֪ⷬǳϷθ֮ԣɵص˵ͷл
Ͽ⸱ģЦЦ⻰˵ͨүǸרģҷİɡ
õģǵʥ϶Ůǰ㣬ҲǡӴǰ㡣
һȥõӣϵЦ͵ȥ
Ⱦһ˿ߺ죬Щ˼ؿ˳һۣһ˿⣬ȴʶȤת⿪⡣
ñ⾩У˻⣬ֻҪǫЩɡ
üĵףϵ̬Ȼһ
ھˣмѣʱЩˣʹùȥˣһһܺ˼䣬Գȥ÷Ϊɣ˳˷䡣
˳ȥ΢ɲ˿
Щ˴ҲЩ˻ͳϣЩϰգֻó͸͸
һƬ÷ϼոѩããӡһ죬ɷǺÿ
վһ÷£մźɫĳȹȹ΢΢ϵأŽɫ˿ߣ£ǽģѩϣֻһξͲٴ
ź޴멣һžµСֵëһվѩ˰ѩеΨһɫʣߵ׺޺÷Գ˱
˶
ʱվڲԶͤеˣԶԶƼ۵ٿȻޡ
űɫۣϵ֬壬˵һӵɣվͤؿ÷ֵķ
һԵ˼סЩЦ½֣ôˣʲôˣ
һ˵ţһߺ˳߿ȥպÿ̧һ֧÷ĳŰ׾޺÷Խĵ֬㡣
һ٣Ҫ˵ʲôȻƳ˵ķ٣˲˳һ߻ڷӣ˵
㣡ˡ
˵ǶĵӣЩЦõأе½ӣ½
ȵ۵ĸҲȫıʵͶϵкãҵȻСཻᣬ佫½ĿĲԶ
ҪǣΪҪǣƼȵ۽Ȩķ֣һݣ˽Ҿ⣬һݣǵɳսʱȵ۲òһݱȨ
ʣһݾϣһھǻʱתĸϡ
˽ҾһʮҲ㣬ΪǣĴڣеıȨռͷģΪңȫرʵȵܷĵؽȨ
վ»ʣԣݱȨһռ˳͢һı»λȹ̡
Ϊʵ»ʵǻȻҲӵ»ʣԣڻ˵ֻмıȨδջء
Ǽ˽һĵ׵Ĵ̡
ҲʹˣΪӣλֳλսɳԶλӣȫ½úĸһʣһλֳͬùֵ
½ػӳסֱۣ̲סʣոλĸϵǧ𣿡
һϸոŮӵȷòˣҲһʱʧ񣬿Ůλθ˷٣ôҲñӰɣ
ο֪ԼĸΪǵ׵ӣסˣ˵
½֣˵ʲôأóΪˡ
½һ㶣æ̧ͷȥڿ˵ķ٣ƺĴԭأþòܻ
ĵ׽㣬˵Զʵ÷ͤôԶŮϵĲϣǹɲõϵģ֮ʶΪĸʹ͹һƥʱĸһƥ
ȻŮӴϣɴҲɲµݱȻ͡
ٿ½ʧģüͷЩƣԼֻµĸо
ò֪ߵ־磬÷־ǰ֪ԶڣǸˣЩ޹еŮӰ㣬ҲǱܿΪá
˵ͷе÷֦ⶪ£δͤһۣų˵뿪
½֮ûӰ
ЩʧǵأͤȴŸոյ£ƱȸոպЩģĵ΢һԵʹ˸ɫ
ⳡҪΪ˴½ӣȻҪ¶档
ڵȴʱ½ڻع㣬˹һ仰Ϊ֪ոļҵķˣ
պȵĲˮЩǺʶ½ĺĵ΢šüŮѾˣɱ
½бһָۣ糣ЦЦ֪ҺҲźİ
쿴һۣŽɵ˵ȫĸ͵ģҲ֪
ʵҲܲ³òڵŮӣһǲʶ
ϸոŮݵģǸˣɾ֪ʱҲ˵ġ
½ص˵ͷǷ˰㣬Ųˮ˿ڣȴʶڲԶ÷
һ֧÷ѩ޶Ŀ
лҪ˵˸ߣ˸ߣҿᣬͷͺ


 75 

ò֪ͤе, ֪ԸЩ죬Ҳһˡ
ƫ, , 뿪÷ֵתǴ, һȺŮЦ̵˳һ÷ֶȥ
У˶ĵŮ, ֮ǰڴλŮӡ
ԶĵŮûʲôȤ, ȴǺһŮӵ, Ȼ, ֱһԵĳ֡
ڹж, ѳ, źۼؿǱһۣ˲֪Լҷʵĺˡ
˼ҲΪ棬Ļ
εЦ£е·ʯ, þ˼ȷº󣬲ſڣȴ˵Ůݣһ䣺
ū˵֮ǰ˺Ͱ翤죿
΢, һۣ̹Ȼص˵ͷ
ҿܣ徻, ˵Ůӣ
Ȼ֪翤Ҳ֪翤ǵ
һ֧ͷ֪Ҫ˵ľ£û֮ǰĸоž͵ˣʱȴż档
翤ǵճɵȴǸ޵ġ
˵ʱ΢΢ѹۻʼ֮£ܹǲõġ
һõû뵽Ͼ޵ģûҲˣǣȻˣǰ翤ⷬһӣ
ոλŮӣҳһλ忤¶ȣֲż˵丸Ҳǵĸ֮ǰĲһܳ裬ʹõʱһķޡ
忤ճʱͱ˿ʱ翤Ѿ꣬ȴδ⣬ҲǴԵʣһͬ翤һͬ⡣
ȻЩ⣺Ҵδ˵кܳĲλ忤Ҳδ˵
ֵͷ棺δҲ
Щ£λֱӱϣǷ忤ǵ谮˶Ůδʲôǣǵ谮Ů
˵־ҡҡͷϧйµվӣϸģǷ忤ֵ£ٲЩί֮Ȳôǰˡ
ֱ۷忤Ϊɣ꣬Ҳһֱ鵽ڡ
˼ĿɿڴҲЩ죬δ˵Ǽ£ȻС£輫һʱĲôͻȻϣ
Ϻ󣬵õôľǷֶΣ˭Ҳ֪
öЩ棬֪ģλ忤ԼҺүǷйϵ
״Ʋʣͺүʶ
ֶ˶٣üͷϸ˼źãүصطԸҪһĺʱȻϸ룬ҡҡͷ
ū벻кνǷҪ˵Ҳ֮ǰˡ
òźۼӣ΢ɻŶ
˸֪үĸǳҲǵͬĸãϺүδȥʱͳھһʱ䡣
ʱ򣬵谮ʱǽ忤ţүҲȻȥ
ټϵ̫̫󣬺̫ʱλүٲҪ밲һһȻҲϤˡ
ѹʱȵ۶δǻ˿֪ЩүԼףȻ׽Щ
ֱȥˣϺүźүصأŽȥ
ųֵĻʶ𵱳үΪԵŵڲŷӦүҲóƵһ˾ˡ
ΪүԻҵ̬ȣһֱδЩһʱⶼˡ
ֿһۣŲµʲôĬƬ̣һ䣺
ȵǺүĵ׾˾ˡ
ɥʱү˸УȴҲ˰ˣɴҲɿνĻ飬ж൭
˵ҲµΪ忤ˡ
ñһ仰ѣҲȥǰ£Ǽס˷忤
ڳֵĻһɻ󣬴ӳֵĻпܳ裬֮λ忤ʹûĸҲǵ谮Ů
Ȼˣǵô˵Ļϵյģ
˵ĵû뵽ȵ۶λʱмˣ
뵽ʲôɫǳǳ΢Ȼһ䣺
忤근䣿
ʵش𣺡պ˫껪
ó˳ǣüҵЦԽǳ
ŮӣǼǺ̸䣬Ůʮ꼰ǣ忤ȴǸպʮˣ
Ҫ֪үݴꡣ
Ҳ˵ںү뿪ǵһ꣬忤պþҪǡ
ʱɺϣټ֮ǰ忤ı֣ݲ롣
Ͱ翤ͬλȫȫݰλ忤ȴǴ١
˷ĲģͲòλ忤Щˡ
֮ǰ֮ˣȴ˿δ
ĸ˴ȴȻǵ谮Ů
δۻ䣬ȴûһ˿õ̸ۣϧͬ飬вõԱȥ
ٿŮǱ˵ġ
һִʯϣָʶõ棬Զ֪Щʲô
һԵĳֺ;˼һۣԼµЩãǳĬһԣĬ
κһ紵ûë˲βйһ˿飬ʧЦҡҡͷ
ԼЩڶˡ
Ϊ棬Σ
ǿϺүѵˣݶУʱǶһ˶ѣʹݲͬ
źү
ֻҪүûû˼ٶ࣬ǰ״
͸ҲûռԼ̫ž˼ˣȥڳԱߡ
һ̸һ߽ڳ϶˵ʲôüͷЩãҲɫģûãν÷ɢˡ
λ˸뿪ɫͱ˱䣬ʱһ߽
ǵʱóͤһۣͿ֪λӾǵʱ̸ͤеһҲǶĵӹ졣
ս̾һһԵλһˮͺһڡ
һѾ߸裬һüͷʣո˴Ǻ⣿Īû
ЩЦֻͺˣƫ½ƺһλз֮
һͰһۣ˵ѽӣ
쵱Ȼ֪ӣȻҲ½Ҫ֪½СʶǴһӵֵܡ
֪Щ˵Ҳû֮߳ǰ÷ֵ£ֻ˵
ﻹǻһ˰ɡ
ףǽ֪½ܿ˱ˣôὫԼȥ˶Ǻ¡
⻰Щˣɫ
Ѳɻ䲻
Ǽףһܿ½أϾպ½ֳ½
ѡ½ΪԺɾһֱǣʮδã檡
еģҹ棬½ֻмûйְģ治һ볣ϵۡ
Щͷۣ֪Լĸ׵ӣûʲôģŮã俴ؼŵԣ˵ϵĲԣԼŮ޵úЩѵǴ
˼ҵ£˭Ȣ˭ȫȻν
޷˵ֻ˵㻹࿴˰ɡ
˵꣬˳ȥȻĸȥ飬ûϣ
һͤ£ЩͷֻۣԼˡ
лҪ˵Ů˵忤ٳ
忤˵ڣ
ȿȿȣ˵̫ƽˣҲãǾͼӵ˰
Ůġ

 76 

ûظ, ˵˶飬Ҳ˷忤
ĩ˲˵һ䣺źүͷ忤÷
˰ΣŷӦеķ忤˭, һ, ֵ˵Ķͷ
ʲô÷
֮ǰھǵ, ˹⣬ٲμ, ʱ, Ȼȥ, , , ʮδνķ忤ˡ
ʲôɶǵ, ̸÷
Ŷͷһɵģһ, ۵һ˿Ц⡣
Ϧڼ»ʵǻĵһι磬ʮ¡ء
͸ʮճʱҪ빬
Ϧǰ, ýʱҪ·ɾ֮ǰʱίˣԻؾǺ, ǰңþյһ¡
ԴˣôһʼƾܣȻϰˡ
ϦգյîʱþԺ˹
жϺһֱۣסã΢Щѹϴ˵Ũصĸѵɳƣĥ˶ߣ
𶯡
ֻ̿űһ£˻£΢ıӡĶͷȵļ̵ЩƸԺ
һᣴҹɫŨ˵һʲôϣ˲֮䣬ԺǵǾǣ
ʱ仹硭
ٴѹʱɫȻů͸ŴµĴü⣬˳Ķ¶Ƭ״ɵļӡЩۼȶ졣
ڴϣ㶵ؿŴ⣬βŻ
ɢȥʶѣͿ˼ɫߺվһԣýקקסĨɫŷ߷ߵʣүأ
үʱǰˡ˼õģ͵͵Ц¡
бһۣĵջŽҪЩʰȴû뵽ƻȫүˡ
˼ź𴲣ױ̨ǰͭԼҲЩۼǲɿƵģպͶȾһĨ죬Щͷ۵þ˼Щۣסۼ
˼Ҷ࿴ҺĶȹӺܸߣǡÿסټĶòصĻ˿
ɼʹˣϵ£ҲΪա
ɴһɫȹ֮ǳɫʺЩɫȹԽģϴ͵ĺҡղߣƷŹ⡣
ˣʰãѾʱˡ
ʱɲ٣սյ˵һбƳ
һճȭߣһµЦ߹һȦͽ§һĿ佱˵˳
ýǺÿ¡
һЦûסй˳һüңգԹЩѽ
бһۣ˳Ļʲô
ۣ˼ɫ⣡
ֱƿǺЦү˶һ
һ޹ģ԰ÿɲǼɫ⡣
⡣
ðһۣ˽ʳ˽ڣͲٵʱ䣬ɳ˸ۡ
ֱֻʱűԹүҲ˼ЩҪ㻹
˵ǣ˺ۼһ¡
˼ȥܹǲõġ
ɽϣĶ⿪ϸؿ˿һ̺죬΢üͷ
ǻҲոѣһʱ֮˷ִ磬Ҳ˵ãԼҲԸ˿ϵĴɫ
Ͳãеطֻһܿ
٣ֻںԺ֮⣬ܿ
§̬ȼõ˴һ˫ÿӣͰ͵ؿ
þٶĲʱҲɢȥȫ޿κΡ
ʱ֣ͣϵϡ
һͬʱǰͣɸĿ⣬ߴɨ
תȥʱպÿһ۵ޣšüͷĵ˵ǽᷦԴΣյɨһȦ
Щεջߺһĵװţò˼
ЩҪȥ밲ɻʺų̫͵ȥ
ˣ˹źþͺɷ˿ɽ֮󣬾δջء
Ҳһֱû˸߹ãö徿ź⡣
·԰ʱƳһ۲ԶɻԵһȺŮӣ͵ջߣžȥ
Ҫȥʺ밲ǴŮȴҪʹȥˣƬҲ
ˣ԰кܶˣŮŮУ˶зִ磬ŮǷֿС
֮ǰܿͱ߽ȥĲ磬˲ˣƬ̵İ
ʺϷһЦŵƣˣ
һȤڸˣ˹ϵ׽
֪ʺΪά첽ǰЦӣĵǳˣʺĪֲǡ
йڻʺ·λøշ񣬻ʺ˷Ц
Ƿ㣬ұƴ
ʹ֪ʺǹô˵ģû˲л֮󣬷
˵ĶԻĵװֹź
֪˵ã˵ʺ
һ·
ΪЩӴ󳼶پ˼ȫʥϰ²һ£ʥϲȻŭֻֻʺһˡ
ԭ󳼻вճϣһ֧ʥϡ
˵ʺңڶ糯ʱֱӲλһ˵ʥּѺΡ
ˣ仹˲ȴٸ˵
ջʺһҲил˼
ЩĵװûʺǺ
ȵλʱڱ߹أȴҲټϱڹʱ˸Ҷ
˻ʺƫֺͼ˽ãֱ£˼
ˣ˭ܺĺλ
òźۼɨһˣ΢ɲüңճϵ£ү֮Ҳ˵
ںүľһֱֵ֧ġ
ȻҲǡ
οʺʥϲǻʺı¡
˵ˣܱɽһӶüʥյҪá
֪ʥһĽǻʺ󣬻ŮͣǺЩŮһ
ν裬Ҫϣ
֮⣬һ˽ģүδ֤ʲôɺү˴Ӳ׽ԵŮӡ
Ϊνĳŵðġ
лʺȣպү檣ҲͲˡ
ʶô˷ʮֺ֧ү
˼׷ʱйŮˣˣ죬ǰ翤ͷ忤
Ϊ׵λˣʱ˽ܣҲܲµǵˡ
΢ӣڵü˳۵ķ忤ϡ
ĸѹüӲ
뾩μӹᣬȴȫλ忤
϶ԼĲ²⡣
ǹΪ֮ѾȲˣ
ٿȻṴ¶һĨЦ
лҪ˵Ů䲻Ǻӵģ
ŮôƯôֻһϲ
ðɣǿһԵ̫࣬ȥˣ

 77 

ֹöԷ忤ĵЩ, ˶ڵȻѷˣҲʮ־ȡ
ɣʺֵ̬ǳЦ, Сָϵļ״ڰ, ڷ, Ǿȣδ忤ˡ
վ⻰, ɫƺһ, ҪЦЦأλʺǵ, СŮ֮ǰа, źЩ, ͽˡ
忤ֻڻʺʱ̧ͷԻʺ󹧾ЦЦ
Ļ, һһĨɬķȣȴǲδǰָӲõĻ
ֻǹࣺŮлʺ
һһ, ǣԻʺ͵ĸʮֹͷü, ǫɼȴͦñֱϸ, ȴ˿̬֮
˼ˣ΢΢üȥͰ翤ϵĲͣĵ׶Է忤ЩԼûȢ˰翤Ůӡ
Щ檡Ůˡ
ȴǻϲŮӡ
ΪӣΪţǲһġ
ȢĶϱȻҪǴ󷽵塢Ҫͻݴȡ
òźۼüңõе龰Ϊ˼
Ƹ꣬ŷڲ
ʺƺδоʲôԣ˴˸£棬˺ͳˡ
þͼʺϵЦݶ˼УæùŮ
ĸ£СҲ΢΢¡һϸطһ߱СĲţ˳Ҳʮֽ
һ˽δ񣬾ͱʺ
ڻʺ·ʺųɫЩãһѯʣҲҲ廰
ʱײϷ忤ߡ
ͣһ˿ԣʹ֣ɲŲæֻǳǳǳЦЦ
Щȣû뵽ῴԼֻòض˵ͷ
ջߣŲ豭ϸϸˮϸ۵ָӡ׵ıϣɷǺÿһܽ棬ģʲôûֻüԽԵġ
ûȥǶ޶⣬ǲδ
ֻҪүǵ˼һӣҲȥܡ
úòžĨ˻ȥؿŲ豭еĲĲҶɫ΢
λãЩԶΪʺոΪ˱ʾ׽֮⣬ֱԽˣԼ·
ǰŵͰ翤
ע⵽õߣбһۣѹһ
ʲôӣүñ㻹ʡʡİɣҪģõģ
ԶǣǸ˽ү¡
ǣ꣬ӣײڵС龰
˶˵ʱķ岻䣬ôܹ⺦
ǵֱӰǸӣȴǽײվҲվȡ
үҲΪǽݺ
ǸҲúȥ
˱۾ĵ׵ĳȫѹȥ
ƺûĻɴͷֻǲ乴˹ǡ
źݻкã
ס
£Ȼס
翤ûעߵˣǽĻʺͳ߾þƲһԵöֲһ˿Ŀ⡣
˶˵ĹάĵЦѹ۵׵Ķʼɡ
ж˼ǵã˲磬ǣˣȴԼöࡣ
ҧĵ׵ֱʺ˵̥ȣ̫ҽųظֱӺٻ
̲סһ仰
ʲôԲ£Ǿ⺢ûòɣ
ֻһŹȴ£˲һƬš

ʺһֱŵЦʱȥŭӺֱ尲ȥ
Ҳǲģ浱𣡡
Ų豭Ķսæ¿еˮѹѹĵ׵ľȣòпÿһμ翤ᱻ𾪵
ʹ뾩ֻмµˣҲ֪Ǹɣ
翤ˣôȥ̼丹еĺδ¡
ʺδ˶ŭ˶һȻһƬ
ʱžûңɫһףĵ׾ֲѡ
ʺǶŭֱ
翤ﲻϳȥʮ
ЩȣҲԽصͷǿƲס̱ء
˷̷ֹʮô򵥣
ȫȫؽڵϲȡ
߰˷̷˵͡
ȵĿ⿴ˣӵߵ˶Ťͷ֪ܿʺŭ˭ȥ
󲻵ѣ罫ĿͶɵֻüͷ۵׼һ˿ͣȴһ仰δ˵
ķ忤һ۶δ
翤۵һ˿Թޣڹ˹ҪȥʱڷӦͷǸ
ʺֻδ
һͣƴϣֱðۣоѿ
ֱ˽ȥҲĵĻȥ
类ȥãղŽ
òɵÿͷ忤ոհΪ飬˵ĵķӦĵ׵ɻԽԽ
忤Ϊܹ⣬Ϊһ͵Ľõʺ󣬵òʧ
ɵΪǷɫ
ûмǴ翤ӦǵŮҲǵңƺҲֻа翤ôһճѪ
ΪΨһŮΪε̬ȣ
ĵ׾ɲϣ޵ɨŷ֣кܶҲ
ⲻδǸû氲翤飬β˾ȣ
ÿ˶¶˾ȣѹĵ׵ɻջߡ
ʱһ̫͵ȥ
øտ˲Զźۼɨһۣʵջߡ
еĹأʹ̣Ҳӵİ
԰ﱻһ鲼ν죬ҲѾֱ̣һ鳤ḷֻ̌һۣ;ۡ
֪Ѿ˼£翤ѾѪ
̷ⷬҲ֪ܱܲס
̤ˣҲ˰Ĳ״ȫƺûпһȴƿߣ֮նЩѹ֡
ÿͷ忤δǱһֱۣӳ˾
΢ӣԻԽɵҲòȥҵˮ
ûж࿴պһ˾Ϳͣڹǰһ֪ʥӻʺȥ磬ô룬ͷӣ߹졣
˼ɫЩףǱŵġ
ȥοֱֻһԵĳޱ飬ԴƺϰΪ
ź̫ģЩ⡣
һ·ԣֱ̫͵ǵɣòųһ΢һĨЦȥ
۵ֻһˣûз֣ڴһԣиµӣտһֱ
Ա߻վһˣԭ˵Żһɫ˳߿ã˲ɫ
ٿŮӲԶ˺󣬼ʹѲµŮǺˣɫǴ䡣
лҪ˵Ȼһ죡ûдʲô
źҵֻУ

 78 

տ½ЩϤɫʱ, ;òãúֱӱɫ
, ȥ֮, ȷԼҺĶŮǼˡ
ʹȷ֮, ûи½
Щʱգ½δ֮, ԭΪѾȥˡ
ٿ½ɫ, Щ, ֪Լˡ
ƺߵĶ, æ½һ, ǰ½Ҳڽ˻, źϵǵɫ¶һĨЦ
ֵ֪ĺ⡣
ҧгݵѹֱһ˿ϣ
Ȼ֪͸öǸ˼У
˵踵Ļ, Ǻѿϵ˲Ǽˣʲô͹֮ޣԺѵļ˼ǲȡ
, ҲǶ֮
Ϊû˸˵ΪǼ
ΪǼԺѵ˼ܶ
½ԽѣǱվһ, вŮòһˡ
ǳЦ˱ߡ
֮գ岻ˡ
ջߣ͸Щ˳ǣѹĵ׻ĵĸо
һꡣ
Ӳ֪ԭϵһ顣
½̧ͷźѽŵɫӣ
ְģǲִ֪ˣ
˼վڽδע⵽ˣȻ½˵ɹɷŲģò
ñڻҵá
˽ԿɿŮӵ⣬¶һ˼Ҳδܻס㣡
ǹò˵һ̤Ԩ
ͼˣ
ʥҪãοǣ
½ɫ΢䣬Թл
֪ڵ˵Ҳʵ
ΪʵŸˡ
ظ֪Ƿ˼Уʹ˼Ҳ˷֡
ø߽ɣͱס֣šüͷôô
ӣ˵ո·ϣ紵ˣްġ
ɽַůţһֻֽķٱ𵽶󣬲˵ߣṴЦ£һ¡
øߣȴתͷɨһܣûʲôźۼü⡣
ոսʱƸоڿԼ
ȴʲôûз֣ǸˣҲһʶֻýΪٶ롣
ȴ֪Ϊ½¶ڣ˲˼ֱӵס½ߣˣòʲôûп
ŵض½½ЩЦã㣬ôţ֮Եˡ
ӣ⻰ֹڶԹ˵ҲͬڶԼ˵
ȫٳҲ֪ʲôʲô˲
Ϊһ֮˽ȫڼĶ档
ȻΪǣƼʥϵ˼Ϊ֮
΢΢һȴȫȻɡ
½ԼλϣǿƵԼĿ⣬ԼȥˣžƱͷʱɿƲס˿ȥ
ȴֻ΢üۣԼߵˣɫ
øľҲЩˣ̵Щܣ̲סر˱죬Щܡ
̫ȾƣŮӼõĹơ
ǸģȴǺ÷һзᷦ
ȥˣЩɬ⣬ƴգգ۾
ʵߺѣҪôŵġ
ʲôҲʲôġ
ŮӼҪ
ǲ֪һŮӻؾȴû뵽Ǿôǡɵؾ
Ϊʲô
Ϊҡҡ׹ݲһ˿ۺˡ
½۵ԽԽɬ˲δֵʱװز˲۽ǡ
ʱǰ½ֳת½Ķæŵôˡ
½ŵһæջ̧֣ͷֳԼЩۿ˵ӽۡ
ֳʧЦСģȻϵһ˵½ǰ档
½ֳȻĳ綯ƱѹǧŬЦš
ò֪˻һ֮ԵΪѵˣѹ˵飬ǵ̬ȡ
翤û̫͵̺ܶ
شʱӦ̫ҽˡ
ÿ˵һӣüۼΪϣͰЩµ˾ǵ
ƺδ翤δһɫ糣
΢۾δȻشĻϵĹơ
ġ
΢šüù˽ȥȣſźˣЩʧЦҡҡͷ
ظͬϸ˵
⾩Уʲô࣬ȴࡣ
ν飬Զȵۡ
˽֪ȵ۶ŵҲǵʥĸһƬģǰ裬١
˭֪νģġ
һˣʲôûȵ۽ĵ׶ꡣ
˾ˡҲǵʺĸ
Ϲڻʹ⣬֪˶ãȵ۴ӦͳϵĽס
ʹǶˣҲδܵõĲİˡ
סıνʥģЦ
ͺĸΪȵ۶һ㣬Ҳȵۼ׷ˡ
ԼҲ˼ֿݣȻֿʱʧ
òɴʱЩԾ΢ü⣬Щǵػү
ɻײӣʢ˵ǹУĵһƬȡ
Ṵ𴽣ոһӶɢŮӱ֣źۼššüûò͵û¡
ǡôʱ˽ȺõĻֽ́ӹǰıﵹһЩ
ֱ̧֣õա
һƬ
ӹǲãһգԽҪϸš
̧ͷ⿴һۣ磬ůǰյѩڣʱ򣬼ʹ˵¶ֻǱ
ɼɲ̾һĵ׵˿ǡ
þȵɫ˵Щƣůůӡ
գӣɵضƱţȵĹƣζЩֵֹģ֮ȴһů⣬ŵ΢ЩһСƣһ󣬲ŷ¾Ʊ
ɿӣƴһ˿ģ΢üңһֳͷһٸơ
ƣȴδֲʵģ
ĵһͻȻһ¡
δƵģ
۾ȥʲôӣ֪ôģͻȻϣʱ
ܽأ۽Ⱦ죬˿˿ҡ
һɫȾЩɫ
ǰĹˣ¹ƣһԵҾƸԼһһ˿Ȥþ˾ٱüţһĨ⡣
þȵӣµ٣ЩƲߡ
ɱֱ׵߿ЩȻĵΪãȴûסһ
һûع˲ȾϺϼ˼ص˵ͷս˶еĹƣЩ֪ʲô˼
˰Σ̽ԵѧɵĶҲ˾پƱȻһڡ
ˮڣ֮ǰƺЩ𣬷Ÿõӡ
ɿ׾ĶЩʧЦĵȴһͿ
õ磬ڼ˵Ķߣ˵һ仰
ԭأȵϢҪѪȴĻþò
ѹ޵ᣬ˵Ǿ仰ǣ
˵ҹʱĺƣΪ𣬱Ͱһ𳢳
лҪ˵簲~


 79 

֪Ļ, ΪЩˣƮһĨϼ, һС˲ܽޡ
̫͵һƬ, ע⵽, Ҳ˴ӣֱǰ, ƲȵĶ, ΢ıϴһ˿ů, żٿȻԲ, ƵһĨЦ
һ, ĵװֳҲ
, ɵһŶ˵æǵؿȥ, Ц
òŵذһۣ߷ջ֣үܵ۸ң
һ޹ԩÿɱԩˣ⾩˭˲֪۰ã
˲ɫϼһƬ, β̺촦͸һģż˿ߵƫͷȥæ, ţˡ
ǡʱϷĻʺƳʲô£ЩŻƬطϢ˲ɢȥɺšü̧ͷȥһʱ֮ɫơ
ϷĻʺɫ΢ףһֲʵḧؿڣʥϽŵط˻ᣬһŭ̫ҽ
ÿһԵֱվǻҵؿŸ̨ϡ
Щȣȫɻʺһֲٰ죬ô£˻ıʺ
ʱׯ˵һ䣺ʺǰʥԶ˹ȥġ
ׯһֱ۲ŴڣۿһĻ
ʺδЩʵŻ
šüÿŻʺķӦĵֲ룬ͷյɶߣ˵һ䣺
Żʺǡеס
˲üͷʶһ˵˼һŵǻϵˡ
֮ǰòᣬ
ʺͱС
Ҳòһʺ
ͬģʥҲˣ⺢ǡǼʱ
̫ҽܿ͵ˣòǰ㣬ʺȷС
ʥ˲ϲɫŻʺֱۣúúã
ɹĵЦȴǴӸ̨ϡ
ŵЩ
Ů˿ĽƬʧ
һЩۣԤ׵ŮӵĶͷ
һ˲֪õ뷨
һ֮á
ʥϺͻʺ׻Ͻһꡣ
ȴӲйϢ
ʼͱĴ㣬ԣʧ
ȴۻˡ
Щ㶣ǲ뷨Щ졣
ʲôû˵ֻͷɼϡ
κ̧ͷЦӣŴүû¡
ɶãЦάֲȥ̲ס˱죬͵˵ţԲ𡣡
̾һ򦣬̧ͷüƵЦ
õʲôǸ
ѹߵǱŬ
óǣ¶һĨЦ䣬ˮ
֪үڰοҲԸү
ûٶ˵ʲôֻ̧գһֱûɿ
ϦʺУȥһЩʧˣԽԵ֡
λã˼Ķ档
弸һ̧ۣܿ˵ĶöͷʱǵǳЦڵЩɫ΢žƱľ΢
΢ۿʱЦ
Ȼ֪λһֱδйӣʺеʱ򣬵ȷЩܡ
ӣסƬ̵ɫ
Ȼ˿ŵˡ
ŵӷһ˹ϵ׺͡
ֻŮ翤Ե̫ӣλӵǶԷм顣
ԼһƣȴδȣһһԵĹæȥá
ԭŴ˱ݣ⶯ƿһߣͼЩʧǵģû˿飬ѹʣ
壬ôˣ
ƺһ򴽣ǿЦ˵û£ֳġ
һ֣Ȼܷġ
ü뵽ոյߣ˼΢ȥǡÿͷŮӵ˵龰Ů΢棬֬ǡ÷顣
۵һ˿ޣǺݺüͷ
뵽ԴӼؾ󣬷ĵ²⵽ʲô˿˿ơ
ʥѴּʹٶ˼Ҳһϡ
ܾ˵İۣʵ޷ȥΪ檻Ǻ龰
Ҳˣĵײһ˿ۡ
Ƿʧģ΢΢üͷ΢Щ˵
ظҾͺ͸˵࿴Щ˼ң
ĻЩңȻۿ뷴ȴʲôû˵ҧŴ꣬һĨҰ׵Ц
ֳģһжĸġ
һ仰÷ɫ
˲֪ѵ֪ĸж壿õĸ࿴˼ңͷӣǾܵġ
Ҳȼúá
ⷬõĵطˡ
Ϊĸ־Բ岻УΨһһǣ˼Ůӣˣǲɫġ
һֱͷӷź죬ȴƴЦţƺ·ڵģæ˵
ҶްַǷ֮룬ֻǡֻǼǵʱҺðˡ
һ˵ټ˼ԭʱǵû
ȻǼδؾͲǵã
һѹŨŨذο
壬֮ǰֳˣ¾ڵĸ
˵⻰ʱСĵؿһǰĵüͷλĸǲϲġ
Ҳ˵ͷ֮֮飬պĵ̳еġ
Ƿ̫кΰ
˳˼ûȥ循ȵɫ˵
Ȼⷬ˼ѰὫҳ㽫˵壬ϧҲԸˡ
һ£Ǽҡͷ
ҪȨλأӶδظοֳֳĪҪΪȥô࣡
һ˵÷ΪοԽͣ¶˾ģ
ˣ㲻ضԣãôܿŲܣ
ĸܵϣĻ٣Ҫץסʱ
ſڣжɫͨ죬±˿һֱͷͷĽ̸ѹֻҧҧմһֿǻ˵
ллֳ
Ƭ֮ŷƹˣȥɾƣָĵؿȥ۽ǵ飬޵ع¡
˽ⷽ׸£Ҳ׳嶯Ҫǣܻ̫ࡣ
ɫؿŶ棬µüң΢ۣɿŷȴһЦ⡣
岢ţ˹ظԼһƣ£˼֮շһ˿죬Щɫ
̧ͷʱķɶӰ
һĨǳЦҪǰĵȴͻȻת岻˵ӵضԵ˵
Щƣȥ͸͸
̬ºͣעⰲȫЩȫûڵĻᡣ
峯ЦЦ˵΢ɫҪת뿪
ٿȻ⿴ʲô΢١
Ƭ̺תӣؿȥ
ǳЦ̬ͣʲôûвȴǶϡ
лҪ˵ǣæһС˵ϲĻӸղѽôô~
 ɱĽBYϽ  
һϹۣеУŹŮ޹󣬲ʧүԼڵĿȫǣĥ
ֱ֪Ϊ˸ѪϴظլӵĵضȾ졣
˭֪һֻˣɵǻصѡǰϦ
ʱûսٰ˽Ҳĺúõģһжü
ЦаŮԣű̧
ϱҲˣָͷ°ݵ˽ԣ


 80 

һظ, ٿȻϡ
ǳǳЦţѧ֮ǰĶңңһٱ
ɫһ, ΢, ԭذ, Ųط˷ӣǻƵ
һ, ΢
ò˵, ҲһʼСλݵķˡ
Ҳ, ˴, , ּͻˣôǸ򵥵ģ
ٿһ, ֱת뿪
ôܷ꣬
֮ܵõ˵
һߵڿ߳ȥʱ򣬾̲סü, йһ⡣
Ӻү״͸¶ոλǵӺͲ³Ϊζ
ոպүʱ˵Ļɵһ
ɸտʱ, û˭ׯӲźۼѣʶôӶ, Щ
źۼسüңӦţֱ˵ȥ̸ʱ򣬲Ų¶һĨ
۾£ʾͬ⡣
ڳȥһ̣Цغ˵һ䣺
Ⱥүúø㽲ⳡϷ
ҲΪ仰òûйڵǣʱˣҲ̲סʱʱ⿴ȥ
˱죬ϷͿϷõԼ
˼վŴſڣЩǵѹ˵ˣȥ𣿡
ҲƳۣһ
ҺүΪ˿ϷԼϧˣȥʲô
ԲԵĻ˼Ц£æ˵
үԷ˵⣬ūǶǿģ˵үھڵȷȥѰأ
˼յߣѹ˵
˵ˣٺõϷһ˿Ҳģǲǣ
бһۣΪһ㣬վܿ˳ȥ
ͬʱɴׯӣͷ԰ԵͤС
ǡʱů⣬԰ﲢ֣ųϦЩ壬ú˷⡣
˹վͤ£һִڻϣ΢бؿϣɢдЩ΢Ƥӣ̲أ
˵ɣбк£
Ƕŷ˵ģȴɨܣվ̨ͤϵׯӲɫسҡҡͷʾ⸽ˡ
Ϊ˵̬ȣʱȥѰʱôţԴ¶˼ְա
ҲˣЩϧ»ʽϦʱǰҹ䣬Ҳٵע⡣
Ļؿ˿ܣѹ˵
غүĻͺү˵ˡ
ʱׯҲĳ̧̧ͷʾɴǱ˹ˡ
ĵӦţȴһ¡
˼²ǰ㡣
ȷЩ˼ϣûѰ
ЩɻؿһۣͻȻ̬ܵЩ⣬ȴҲûж룬ȥ˷Ӱһɹ˹֣˳ͤ
·ׯʱׯӲɵö࿴һۡ
ĵ׶һ˿֪ȻҪ˷˵ǽǣ
ׯӲɵݸĸ嶼ú³οˣ
߽ׯװƳһۣһ󣬲źۼü
һۿʱǿ˷һͬǳЦᡣ
Щͬ
һοˣ϶˱ͤﳪûأϧ
˵Ĺ֪ΪСľӵеĶ̫٣ԲŻ
ỻ⣬ЩСϣˣû˻ȥᡣ
߽ķ忤ͷһǹЦ⣬ȴڲסһ˿
ݴģϰΪУҲڲס
ׯӴӣ˵˭˭ӣȴ֪үϲģǷˡ
Ҳˣ֪շ忤ǰ״ˡ
ǰ׷˹򣬻п˺ү
ׯĵƵ̾һʲôãҪͷƣ
ƾͰˣүǰײ
ׯ𵱳˵ãûúү۵ףƵüۣųúүȥ
ֻү˷ˡ
Ȼ̤ͤɾͽɫ
Ƶ̫࣬Ȼ˭ȥ⡣
䲻ϲ壬ȴҲȥΪֻϧ˭ײ
üȻ΢һ˿ζ忤
糣طҧ̧һۣżֽӡ
ĵ׶񺮵òС
Լ˵۹⣬Ƿʱʵⷬ飬㲻ϲҲûзȡ
ƫƫ۵ףûп̫ġ
ʱ빬͢Ůװģ⻹ͷһؼŮӶһֵģ
ǣĵЩûڣóһ˵ġ
Ϸû̹
ڴи˵ơ
ȻʧȤϵɫƽƽʾ󣬾ʹⲻ˵
ĵؽͶУûȴܿͤΧһȦĺ㣬ÿģҲܱȿȤ
þõȲʻûס̧ͷͿĿתضų㡣
˼΢٣ȴһ˿û¶ֻؿڣ
үл˵
˼ɬЩӣתؽŮӼﻹߵֵ̬쾡¡
ף˵ɡ
Щζȴ˼ţ̬֮ⷬǰʱϷ̨ӻҪϷöࡣ
ƺǿĲȤ΢£ɬس˳ǣü۶һ˿ɬ⣬һ
ϸ΢ɲźۼüԼܲܰ׳һˣתͷ
ǡǴʱ島һĨЦЩȻͿɬЦ÷΢䣬˵̬
Ժүǰȥݣδټү
ԭ븸ȵǰһݶ䣬ֻϧ弰ʱүھС
ĸ˷弸꣬Ҳˣ룬֪үʱϲԽ
üһĨЦֻǵ֪ү˼뾩÷֪ˣ벻ˡ
ͷؿɣҪĵס
ֳ˵÷彫˼¶ںүǰʱҲԥ֣ջûס˺үǰ
ЦЦԻףȻ
Ȼ׺ү̬ȣȴͺү˵һ
үʱһ𣬷һֱúү֪꣬ܡ˵ү֪
˵һ仰ʱӣȾһ˿ʪ⣬Щʡ
˳۽ǣͻأһ¡
˴ᣬȻ̻¶κһӶܾˡ
ɷǰ˼ȥ׽©
ʲôȥݺ󣬾Ͳ
ûȥǰҲɺã
ǰЩӣպͰý͹˽ʮδòǲ塣
ɴʱɵҺðû⻰ǵΪƭĲɡ
ҲΪһ仰ʧ񣬷˵Ļûô塣
ʱҲֻģ
鲻Խüңׯӿһۣѯո˵ʲô
ׯЩûסͷЦ
Ƿ忤֪үʧδĻҲ֪᲻ιȥ
Ȼ֪ûĻɵȻģ֪δĻϡ
һҪٿڣشŲһ
Ѱүȴòʱ򡣡
ɫһ䣬ٿȻתȥͼЦӯӯվ̨ϣһɵĽׯӹصͷվԣǳЦʣ
˿дŵ
лҪ˵忤۸Ϲӿ


 81 

һʱ֮, ͤһƬš
ׯӵͷĵŷ˸ոչʱǸ飬Ȼ˷忤Ļ
ĵװһ, ѹ¿Ϸ̬, صͷ, ֻźүรɡ
ɫƬ̻ңδӦʱ, ͺʶض
һ, ڳ, ñɫ, Ҳ
ĵװ, Ķ㲻ã
Լ, Ҫˮ
˼ׯǵɴۣʿˮͷׯ鲻ԽԷ忤һ˿塣
ɵø̾˲š
翤ǴЩ, Ƕĳ嶯ˣҲ֪ԼҺүǡ
忤ҪϺүˮ
ⷬ󣬺Ҳ֪Լ˻, ææ˳سýͣ
˲Ҫᣡ
ЦӯӯģֻǿɵＸŵ, ˵ˣûᡣ
ĵױûţֻŪ˵ģǵһαݺ
ȴһģģͺá
ûɫЩ÷˷ӣ˵̬
֮£Ƿ˼ǲܣ֡
һ̬Ǹӣʹԭû˼ʱίԼҲ˼ϧ
ƫƫɹǸʯĳģΪոյľٶĵ׺ˣôϧ֮顣
ʱջؿɵߣת˷壬Цһ
ܿ⸱ЦݼٵòУð亹
˵忤ǺλүӢ˷Ƿú֪Ҳ
˶٣õûסü۵ЦԽЩ
ڹ󣬼˺ү˷ģҲ
仰뷭ǣû棬ԼҺүô㣬ϲʵ
ϵɫһҧҧ꣬ȴδ˵֮ֻĬĬ⻰ǿ¶һĨЦӦţ
˵ǡ
һԵվֱӣû֮ǰɢƽⷬĻܵβ죬ɷڴʱֻͲøϽҪˡ
һֱ̬֮ɫ΢Ҳûٶ˵˼бһۣ
үվҪһҹ
ɺǺǸЦ첽ߵҲ˲ʱ棬ֱס֣Ц˵
вȷۣ˿ϲϲϲּŲЩظ棿
ڵһöҺʵʵغ˼ˣĵ׵ȫ
̬ⷬһԵķ۵ʧЦ⡣
֪ԼһжˣܻһϷӡ
бһۣй˻¿壬֮ǰЦһһ˿ķȶУ֪ⷬЦⲻǼЦˣĪ
Ȼ£Ǳ˺ͺүȻ̫͵ˣ˴ɫкã⡣
˵꣬תֻ̨֮ʱȻͷﴽһЦ÷۾͡һ˿âĻ
Ȼǿ˼ǲܲΪպӦٳ˰ɣ
崹ӣ˿飬κûȫػţ
˷ġ
δ˵ȫҲû⣬ֻų˵ͷ˵һ䣺
Ǳ˾ͷˡ
˵꣬תͳ̫͵ȥͣ
ոջֵͤУƬֻ̣ʣ·Ѿ
վԭأȥıӰãδ˵
򴽣ѹһ˿ǵūλ˲ǺöԸġ
֪˼ԲƺΪˡ
һǺöԸģôܳھǣ
˼һ˵ǿǽô죿
忴е㣬ɫ亮Ϊյôãô׷
ǰ磬Ȼ|֮ϡ
ʼҵļλүմˣ֪Ȩλصˣ˻ҵˣҲֻмˡ
δûˣ綨֮ӣĳӣҲǲѡ
ɵþӸڣ˲졣
ʱϤ˽ˣںδȢޣĿ궨ϡ
ôȥͻȻ˸Ůӽּͻ顣
ƻ̫ĳ룬ɵô꣬ô׷֣
ʶȵ֮ɲʲôһһ⡣
ҲǺͳഫһμѻ󻹲ôŮڣ
ûʲôأȫֶΰˡ
һᶨſڣЩɵؽ飺
Ҳ˸ոռ̬ȣǲȻ翴ˣ
Լҿ˼Щϳıڹ
˱۾ƽջЩżˣͼ֮ġ
ܲѾ˫껪Ǵˣϲˣ
ҲˣŽĻС
û̫ʱȥˡ
ϸϸ룬˵֮ǰȥʱǲµˣף
üͷ˼ż˵ڶδ²δ˵ɣһСӦδл䡣
ҡҡͷУú롣
ԣ죬ٶ˵
šϸüȻ֪С½δ䣬ֳ̳Уֲ޹پֻˣܺͼȣ
ţɸոɵķӦĵףɵý½
ѾԶ˵ò֪ͤ͵̸
֪ˣҲòпһҪȴҲѡ߲ɵͲ͵ģ
ȥ˵롣
Ͼݰټϵĳ谮ҪѡõķұͲ¡
ȻĵЩʧƣձ󣬱ȵϵģмң
Щò֪˼ȫϣԶûãȷ忴Ǻþͳ֣ǺЦ
ү˵ҪͬҽⳡϷΣүɿþˣ
˼ׯӵͷȥˡ
͵Ƥ߽ãЩľٶӵȻһί˵
տͺˣԭΪгϷ뵽Լᱻˮ
ûЦɾͲ˲գίִЩߵ˵
һֱڵȰѰôô
ӣߣֹסһŭţ
ү㡭㡢ûûƤ
üЦҪ˵þֱӵһۣ𳶿⣡ʲô
Ҳ޹ʱֻŸˣ˭֪ôģ
˶٣ĬĬһ䣺Ҳðͬ

Цͬصͷԣıóѣ
ûסбһۣƫͷȥƶˣ
Ȼ֪ԼҺүͷʲôûС
忤ʱɫڵĺ̿һ㣬ñЩ˵˲ɢˣۿŷ̬
ŷ岻û˵Ǿ仰΢΢üͷǵһۣ
үưɣϷɲֹһ
лҪ˵ã䣬㣡
ǲдúܲ
濴뿳ᣬָԼܿҪд꣬Ȼִ̫١


 82 

ɪɪ, ƽϢ飬ȥ
ͤദ, ڲݴм, ոյһ־翴۵ס
ǹ½
½һֱԼ, ҪзǷ֮룬ɻ̲סһֱ۲á
, Ծؾ͸
, ûз, һ½ж, ͣ˰, æϡ
ŷ͵ıӰ쿴½һۣɿˣٳ
½ű, ֬Σü΢Цַģִ֪ġ
һ, ִ֪磬˴ʱͲˡ
½ЩΣ֪Լʲôù
δ˵һ仰
֪뷨, ͻֱӸԼǷδȻ
ȥ߰ɣպĵطٲͣ
½, ֱ˵˼ǻˣ
½źۼر˱죬ȴ޻Ƶرͷ˵
˵ˣЩͷۣʶôֱ̫꣬ѽֲ֮Ĺӣϰչ罫ֵܿ
ʱҲպСЩ忤ԶЩ
ѾߵĶԻ֪ǸĻġ
⸱ӵҲδزãһǿнЩӵ̬ȣĵ׾һ˿Ц
߹ˣǲ֪һ仰
ǵӲūš
ٸ߹ĳҲסϵ
½ҲͤеĶԻźۼüͷЩǣ
᲻£
Щͷ۵ط᲻£мţģ
˼Σ½۾Բˣü۶˷ֺûһǹͱȥ˵
֪ˣ
췭˸ۣ⺬ЩĹĵĻ
Ⱥϣ䣬ոͿܽصŮӣĵײⰵֹһջˮ
½ߣŹһȥ
½ֳˣЩЦȥĶˣ
½͹һۣɫ΢˸ػش𣺡ȥ͸͸
½ֳ۾ûж׷ʣֻĵײ⽫ĲԾϡ
˸ոսʱò⽫ͣƬ̣Щɻʣ˭
ɳǱƳһۣ
ɫ۵λӣһλǶĵճӣǰЩӸȥ˶ͣʶ
ҡҡͷҺͼλһ𣬵ǲδˡ
ɵ˵ͷʲô˹ǣ˵
½Сǰˣʣһλֳ
̧ͷȥ½ǰŵʱȵӡ
Ϊ¡
ǣһǳϰ֮ˣ½ȴһӵģ̫࣬ǺүԣὫ˳ֵȥ롣
֪ɻһɿΪ
ճһΨʣˣ˽սսϣģҲۺӣԴһʼͲϰ䣬ֻƽ󡣡
Ȼͷջߣ俴һ˿꣬΢㶡
Щɵʣүô
üԹһ˿ĵǳЦȴ޶ů⣺
һҳ
Щ仰ȴֻǹɵص˵ͷٶʡ
ɸ˸գȴʶһϣɫƬ̵ǳ
һҳǵ֮ģԶڻҪǰ
ӵܣֻʣ
һж֮⣬ӵͱסˡ
֮δٳֲۣúɻصʱѽϦ¡
ЩۣϾЩ˯š
ǳϦ͹ϺֽһƬϲ죬ͣʱһ
õ˯ֱɢȥµƿӳ⿴ȥϦ£һȺſڣűڣϲ
ͷȥɣǡÿпڳԣϦ͸ӳЦüϣ±ᣬĿ
㶵ؿһʱȥ
һֱ֪үúÿüۣƽδµӣȴƫⰻȻìȴֻȻһ塣
ֱᵯͷʧЦһ䣺ɵˣ
ŻߺһƬӳϦͣͮͮһƬ
սݣþ;æˡ
ھвҵģǰգ˽˱ݸãδ꣬ȣͺ;˼һһ
ڷƬ̣Լ岻֣ûʱһתȥǰԺ鷿
ֻüתʱ򣬿һۣûٷϡ
һׯӾ͸
˦ϵӣʯСϣüҵЦģ˸Ǵ𣿡
ׯӹص˵ͷϽǰ˴Źȥˡ
޵صͷû˵һ·鷿
Ⱥˡ
鷿Ѭ㣬̣ƹ¯бһָõϣ̧̧ͷڣ
˵ɣͷô˵
ׯӲźۼƳһޱǣͽԼͷѹѹװԼǸ͸ˡ
֮ǰһֱھ⣬˵ǲôھǸġ
˭֮ǰմݻһֱңûʱ
ڳʱѾ䶨ǧھˡ
Դʥϴͻʥּɾǻ˷һˣոոϻ
ޱ飬ʹͷعش
Ϻү˵ү˾ͺá
⻰ճڣһЩͷط˰ۣˣֱӽԭ˵
ǲײһ٣żڣ
ȻүѾ˾ģ档
ʵϺүԭǣȻӶʥּˣʲôѵּܿɣ
˵Ҳҽӡֱ˵
ɶˮһڣʹǽɫ࣬Ҳܲµͷӵԭ
죬Ǻû˵ض
뵽δͷӣ۵׸һ˿ײЦ⣬ž˰ΣĮ͸촫
ȥףҲ˵İɡ
ӣŰûȥ˵ġ
ׯӺǽһһʱ֮䣬˵
ǻȻ𣬺ү뿪ˣӶ˱໥񿴼үףϺүô᲻ˣ
ǺׯӶһۣǳĬ
ǣʥϻúүط
žãȿڵȴһֱĬԵǣ»ȥʱϺү
ͷЩأ
δС
ָôͣһƬš
ޱǣ۵һ˿ѹ
ׯӲͬׯӵܣŸںүߡ
޸ĸϺүӴ˳ΪүĴڡ
˵ϺүͺүΨˡ
ͺү䣬ȫϺүԽ̵ģϺүΪս꣬ٲʱйаģ
ˣʹϣϺүȷˡ
ɻ۾ɫһƬһһ䣬
꣬ػطء
ǳҲ
һ˿ꡣ
ׯӺɫһϥأ
½ү
лҪ˵Ҫȥص


 83 

, ԽҹƮѩ, 峿ʱ, 㸲ء
ôǰԺ, ˼ůӵݸ, ˵
ⶼ˰, ôѩ
˶Ľ, Ǳ, ﱾͲ, ôѩ
ҲĴ멽˶ʵ, ůӸһףůůģֲ֣ҲӳһĨ졣
·, ˶ɨѩſ˲һ, ǻһ
˵̫ˣעЩů
˼ַ̿ԣ, ʹص˵ͷ˷ģūʡõġ
ӽ£ո鷿пĺүü⣺ȥպүĺ޺
˼ȥã̽Ȼ
Ҫʲô
ƲƲ죬ͬԹүӺãģҲõ˸ô죿ʱ䣬ҾŸ¡
ģүضմţ˼͵Ц
бһۣüҲһ˿Ц⡣
Դӻָϳ֮⼸վææģȥǰԺӰ
ˣֱҹòžˡ
ⶳѺҲû⣬ӣͼүЩ۵ɫ˵ۣ
үôÿնô
ϸָ⸧۽ǣմӱó֣Щ£һɵգ;óǵ
ɸ·ϴ֮ѾСģȴˡ
⼸գ˼涼ǴҴææģɴʱһۣĵһͿ§ѹʣˣ
þ첻үңνҰﶼܲǺү۵ףˣ
Ǹϳ𣿵æЩʲô
վˣչ˺ԼЩˡ
ɼˣЩ飬ĵز˲æʱͺˣñ
һҲԵķӡ
§ˣҼźүĻЩ˯
ȫů⣬СҲůůģ۵һ˿Ц⣬ͷĶͷ§ż˯ȥ
պý¶ˣɻǲС
˼󣬺Ȼ˸еĴѾߣԵͺãȥȫڸлˮ
˱ߣ÷һߣ˼ͻŻææܽøһ
ʲôŻŵģ
˼ƽϢСһۡ
΢٣˼˵ɣôˣ
˼ͷЩɵػڣū˵үڽΪһŮӣɸһӡ
˵꣬æЦ
ˣ⴫ߣһˣͱˣʵδˣ˿ɱ
ñɫЦһۣ
˰ɣ˽ү
˵еҲʮֵǳüʶ
˼ȰԼ˵ֻͷˡ
ɣٴ⾩У㲻̫Ĺ٣ھ˼еĹӣҲܲµ˭
żҲȥμһЩ֮ľۻᣬһģԾе£Ҳ˽ˡ
ɸϣֻһȴǺܶ࣬ŵǸǵӡ
ҲɫЩԼǲ˵ˡ
ֻһ㣬ɫøϷ̸ʱ붼ǲϲ̸ʱֻ˵ὫԼҵĵŮ޹ȥˡ
Ҳˣ˼˵껰žܲ³ʲô
գգӣûסʣŮǺˣ
˼ҡͷūҲ֪ˣδ˵壬ǾĸۡϵĹӦʹ˰ɣ
лڹеŮӣ䲻˵һƷϴ󳼼ҵĵŮ¶Ǽġ
ššüʵ벻ļҵĹúүŭ
Щ˼ҵĹҲȥǰ
ĵ״ɻȴû˵ƳһԸõ£ĵ
ɻþյһ
ճץ磬չȥ
յʱЩȣҲͽ˼˵һߡ
ү˵֮Ĺϵ
໥ƺ⣬ϷӣҲ
ȵʱӳʱδɷ
ɶԴȻҲ⡣
׽Ǹλϵ˯ᰲȡ
˵ʽӣǿǰͳȥģ֮һյӣҲΪ档
ʱøÿǵǣҪҪȥ磿
Ⱥү£û뵽ׯӾʹæϻ˵үҹǻزˡ
ɫ΢䣬סҪߵׯӣ
⴫˵壬ǹҵ𣿡
ׯڨЦŽڽ£ĵװգôǸźү
ˣģү϶ûµġ
ñҷĲˡ
ׯһҭЦѣֻʵش𣺡ʵǡպү˸ˣ浽Ƕˣʱ鷿ء
һֱʵ˾˼֮ǰ˵顣
ɫ΢ضׯӣʲôû˵𣿡
ׯڨЦŵͷоԼҪ亹Ҫ£˵˵ð
ѵҪֱ˵үΪһŮӴˣ
˵ү͸ҰƤ
ԣׯӾֱӴⲻ˵ȺүԼͷ˵ȥ
СһãƱ֤һ˵ˣɱ˵үˣһһģ
˵ͺү֮£ǺүĽҲĵ΢
ׯһۣͷػ֣
ˣȥźүɣ
ׯ뿪ñ˱죬˼ߺ˵
˵үʲô
ʱʱسϵӣưǵɣԽ˼ֽ
˶֪ū֪϶˴һб飡
˼˵üᶨȫ֮ǰЩ߰ĴԶҡ
ϾЩӣүģִһŭΪգ˼ܲ룿
Ъ˺˼ͷζָָ
ȥ׼׼ո硣
ҹɹûл˼ȥõɫ
˵֪飬ûǲˣĵЩɬɬġ
˼æóϸȹϣһЦݵ˵
ˣȹӣÿ
Ĳɲã˰죬űһ䣺·һ
֪ڶԼģֵ̧̿˵ͷ㣬û¡
Щ֬Խһ֬ȹ޶Ʋߡ
ȥǹܼұ˵ģҪģ֮䣬ɲģ߶
һ˵󣬾˵ߡ
Ͼ̲С⣬ţһƼǼ˵
Ǽˡ
ң˭ܽ
ˣø½ľǰһˣ
̬ȴݣҲƽͣүڹУˣ½СĪ֡
½ԭȱЦۣӦ̴
ˡ
ϵ׽˲δ˵½ľ˴ȥ
ôѰܣѰ˼ˣտ˳ϣδ߹ȥѹĳŪ
ʲôռǻΪһŮӴĹӣδӹء
СЩᱻ
΢٣ʶѹȴӲ˵Ķʵô
ưɣССɫŮӣⲻõģ
˼Ҳ⻰ɫͨ죬ɫδ䣬侲ذסֱۡ
תȥÿ˵ŮЦϸ۽ţ˵ǼʻƲһ˵ľĵҲô룬ȴֵ˵
ϵǵĸˣҲǰ翤ıԬϡ
ĵױͲˣʱǱһ㣬ٿȻЦһ£ᲽǰЦӯӯأ͵ֱˣ
˸ո˵ʲôЩû̫壬˵һΣΣ
лҪ˵Ůһûأ
ˣѰдһŮֱrһǧ֣Ǹwbˣ~
wbİ~


 84 

Ԭû뵽ı, Ǳʱ˽ԭء
˲ɢ
ʵԬƽﲢǵˣԵϰ翤Ҫ, ֻϧ, , ԬЩΡ
䲻ףҲ֮ǰɵ̬ҲǻϽ, Ԭ϶þƲϻϲ
ֻû뵽һʱ, ˶
һھ˼ֱ, ӯǰһ, Խƽ, ЦԽȴ浱ã
ţ˵
ԬɫӲ, ǿɢӣõͱˣĵջѡ
ƹˤ
˲֪𣿼տһŭΪ, ϧԶִӣڹδɣ
Ԭ̾һЩģҲ֪λŮӵжò, üˣ
Խ˵ԽſƳ׻ȥһ˶Ϊһ亹
˵, ֮ǰλҲ٣ûʧ֮ǰ˵治¼Եţ
ԬһɱȲõ
ΧһƬţڵõķӦ
ҲǾؿԬϰΣٿȻһЦ֣˵á
Ǻ˼
˶֪ô࣬öлλ˸֪
˵΢٣ϸü⣬ǲ֪ԬǺˣĳǰһѹˣλʷ̨¸ķˡ
ƻȻһ㣬΢ףԭǳ·ˣү󣬱úүŵл
󼸸֣˵ü仺һһ³
ֱԬϰɫ
´Ͼ˼ֱתֻڻͷ֮ʣ´Ԭһۣ岻Ц¡
һ·ϵĲҡһΪΪ裬մ¼ЩͬȴԽҫۣƺˣ͸һ㡣
ܵ˸˵һʩʩ뿪ż䣬¶Щ۵ķâ
ߺԬ˻ֻͬĵװûڲѣȴӲһ
˭ſľûм˭˵ĻͺƼָһ
仰׳û߽Զܻ䲻ѡ
˵õȷûôࡰǡǷƫмš
˾ۺ죬Ҳֻܸɿš
ڼ᲻ģҿĵɲǻӡ
Զ彫һ־ͷ۵ףüյļˣȷղͬ
ɫƽкֲ֣ʥˣôûƢ
ԬҪ΢ȴˣǼļˣģ
Ҳδؾˣֻһյ£Щ˵ľ͸ˡ
ת뿪
ҲƣǵˣҪؼͷʶѲͬգ
ͬҲ֪ſ񵽺εز̵ĵںδ
ʱʵЩ뷨
úλǶģȴƲ
׾Ͳã²ʣֻԸɡ
߳ʱЪ˻˼Сɫ˲ˣ
û
˼һ㶣ͷū澸ոջΪء
ȻôᷢôĻ
ЩεбƳһۣǲûнʲô
ֻΪү˵ģ˺棬ǿ
Ԭϻеݣ
޸ԻٱĶУȻ᲻޶ԣҪҲȷס
ο֪ԬϵĻԡ
;˼˵Żǰ˼ͣ΢٣̧ͷȥͼһӶȻ
üƻ΢Щᣬֻһۣ֪˱˼
òɨһۣջߣ΢˺һף½Сӡ
½˵ϢҲ֪Ϊʲô͸˹ոջΪСܶЩʹţŬһƽ
һ˵©˰¡
Ŵļ֣һ˿컣ȴյЩ죬˵ʲô󣬸۾һ
֪˭
ɫ糣׵Ļֱӳڣ½С˵ЦˣӲò龩ǣȻš
½ȴǿףԽһЩѹסĵ׵Ļϲ־ʶؾҪǫ鼸䡣
ǡʱڸ˹һⳡ棬;ǰڡ
ֱ½Ļ½ǰÿ˵
ˣ½ϷǱ½ȴȥˡ
صͷȻλ㡣
½Ҳ˵ĶԻɫٿȻɷףѪɫ뿪Ҳһ˿ӦûУͷ뿪
Զ󣬹ŷĲԾɫһ䣬½磬Ĵˣʲô˵ֱ˻Ժӡ
ʱʱȥϸһЩʧһʱ֮䲻֪˵Щʲô
½ͷɫɷף۵Ѿᣬҧ۵ͨ죬ȴһûе
֪ôģͻȻ֮ʲô˵ˣЩԼӡ
˸ͷεʣ㵽Ҫ
ú½ſڣȫǺ£
ҡ᲻鷳
һڣ۵׵ȫ޵Ϣȴ
ͣδ飬ȴ룬һһϡ
Ȼץ˹䣺ҡǹģҲ֪
ֻ롢ʲôû
˵꣬ϣڵϣʱһ޵ȫѹɤµĵɬչӵ
Ȼݺݵ˿վӣһȭݺݴϡ
ȻֱӴţȥˮ
ˮͽӲק½Ӳ˵ϴ
½ĨһᣬĵվϴɾƽĻ𣿡
Ҫǻûѣھ߳ȥȥȥĸ㸸ףֳ߿ճֶ
½ͷû˵
侲󣬲ק½Ұ㵱ֵܣŶ˵Щ
Ҳؿӡ
֪ʲôûȥҲ鲻Խ
½̧ͷһһ亰
ûȥ鲻Խأֻ鲻ԽЩʲô
½۵׵ĵǣؾĵ׳ǵ⡣
ΪĻ
ˣ㸮еٳٲԸϵΣѵĿ
½
ӳ𣬾עҪΡ
½һѪɲ̣
Ҫôƽӹһڴеһġǡ
ҪôҪֳһվվĵط
ǣƼĴڡ
ǣƣΪС
Ϊ˰ǻᱻһ
У½һ̤
ܹһŮ̶Ϊܻס˲Ҷ˵һ֡
𣿡
šݸ˵һ仰
˼֪ˣڱȥ
ԹΪŮս²٣ԭǺΣܹ˻ὫŮϵġ
½ɳƣȴǳˡ
Դնúδ侲
仺ءһһ˵
ˡ
лҪ˵wbгΣ

 85 

½뿪, ȴǿ½ıӰϸϸü⣬һԵľ˼ƣ
½СӺ֡
˲һ, ͷĿ佱һ㡣
, Ӧһ䣺ȷЩ֡
ûжͺá
һĳֿ˶һ, ĵʧЦûоԡ
ʵⲢö˲
, δ˶ġ
ɶ˼, Ҳǲ, 治֪Ǻζ
ּ𵱳ڶ, Ӻˡ
˳˼, ¼ĵס
޹صˣ, ½ЩԾҲûϡ
תۣ˵̧ͷͼ˷忤
òμӵ, ܻ忤ԣϰˡ
ˣҲΪ峣, һЩ˶Ŀֱ䡣
жǾˣڹʱ˵úʲô忤Ӹպ, ѹס˵Ľڰˡ
尲ַ˶꣬ŻĺѾ˲ɡ
ʽץʱòֿ½͹졣
ΪδϸԲδ½۵΢죬Ƶûпһۡ
ʱ֮òŻصУ֪ɻûлʱֱһ
ػŵ̵ͷ
һʱ䣬үΪûлظԭѾ˾ǡ
õ֪ʱɹǷ֣
Ҳ²˭ôУ
Ͳʱʱ˶
˼ŽģŴָ̧棺
үүһŮӻˣ
⻰ͬһװըöȻɴӣֱվǳ˾˼һ䣺
һһէģ˶٣ЩȻʣȷˣ
˼ʹصͷū澸տүŮæܽˣ
óҧŴꡣ
ĵƴŮݣȫǾ䡰Է⣬ȫ侲
Ȼ۽ǣҪˣҲûҳɡ
ʱ˻ϲˣүˣ
ʶػһ䣺ͻ˵ʲô
ſˣ仰ҵһ㶣֪ôˣطʣ
ظò𣿡
һ˿ί
Щ飬һ뵽˼ĻӲĳֱӱȥȥ
ˣˣ첽ǰȥšü
һգǰˣ
һа·˽ջ˵ɫ˵ʧˣɫˣⲻ˶á
ɫֱЦ
ΣҲ۵ģ
òźۼ͵ۣˣĵױƣ̲ס˵
˼˵û
ӣȥ۽ǣĵܡ
ʮΪΪһŮӴˣҲ顣
ȴû뵽ֱӽ˽ӽˡ
˿ǻȴԣ
үѰ˼д˲²⣬ܴ
һкʣ¾һۣĻǿЦá
Ϊʲô£
ͿغۣûԵֻʣָۣ۽ǣΣ
㲻ܵȱ˵ٿޣ
ñ컰ֱ㻹ҿ޲ɣ
һԼԽ˵Խεתȥ
Сùã㻹
⴫һĵЦҿͷμԱ񣬻ö࿴һ
ŻһŮſȥͬòüۣݣȴŮ٣δ
Цü䣬ֻ
䳶˳ƳһۣϲЦæ
˶Իԭأ˿ȥġ
㶵ָָ̧ˣùã
䣬ϾЦӣأλֶϱɣ
߽ã۵һ˿ޣСֹ
ֶϱÿô
˵գһͨƿѪɫĻɷǺÿûûзӦѾӴõϡ
ϸϸһϸϣһغƲߣ̾һ䣺
Ȼ͵ˡ
ʱڻ֪Լ˸ߵ޵ݣһؿ֪Ǻá
ϵææƴǣ
õģôصĶ
δ˵꣬ͱЦеشϣùõģֶϱļ񣬳ߴͣɴǣ
ƴǵĶסϵģвǾСùá
룬Ǿ䡰ߴͣɴǡôȻش˵
תȵĿͶɣһոմĳһͷȥ
һֻۣ֧֧˵
лллСùá
üüЦ˵ողǻ˵ѰԵ𣿡
üһ첲һۣ޵
ӺɷСǳ
Ǵᣬһ䣬ɳʵ׵ǰ
ò׵˻ᣬǵΣȫ˱ɨߡ
ֻ޲˶˸ոյ£ʱᣬźۼعһۣǸس˵
Сùã֮ǰҲ֪£СùĪ֣
ϻ˵û£ɾȥˣɫֱӽƳȥ
㻹Ǹ
ϱ˵ίҪõǸˣ
ֻʣʱñΪɶǸεģɸոǰĲֻ̨ú޲ý⣬ﻹʣʲôǸβȻ
һḧһίؿɣ
ȻСùýﻹңҶûкú׼
֪Ǳߵĳվȥμʲôץ磬ڸ˺úʰһ
ʲôû׼Ͱˣһ
ֱߵ޵ݡ
ɱԩ޻˵һն鷿ʱˣ
룬ġ
Щȥйͣһ˫ˮȥɣ
˵Сùã᲻᲻ϲҰ
ģɱ۵ģһ뵽ΪԼŻķӦ־ĵһƬ
ֻ˵ĵ׵ʵ
ᣬ㲻ϲΣϲͺã
ĻһֿЦãε
𣿡Ŵ꣬գգǡ˰
üԹһĨЦ⣬ˣ§ڻһϣһ֣˳Ŷ£¶Ǹ˵
浱ŵģ
ɻȥ
֪㣬ġ
ɵͷͷδĵطɫ΢᣺
ģ˶ϲġ
Щ㲻ԪأӦġ
ؿ˼΢Ҫɫ˰ΣŻعȻϸ
𡢱ΪҾͻոСùǰ˵Ļ
Ľȴ˵ģûһ˿ϸɤĿϡ
ֻöЩֱָ⣬ָ£Űסĵ׵˿|
лҪ˵ү᳡ܣ
һget


 86 

ǳ, ˻ʹ⣬⾩Ȩĵء
ųӣͦǽ, ɫׯ, Ҹ߸߹档
һѾ߿첽߽һԺ, ŵ·һ˸, Щ
Ժ˽пȥ, ȥ, ɱ˵ū澻û
һ仰, жû, ת뿪
Ժſڵɫһһףվǲҵʲô, æȥ
Լ֪Լ£ү谮ɸչŵġ
ϲϵ˾ͲҺԺ׽
Ͼүһûôϸ, ҲԺЩίٲԸҲš
ݽȥʱ, ͭϸϸüվΪһ, ʣ
ǲǸùȥˣ
ʲôɲӽͭԼ
ҧҧ˵Щʲôջû˵ڡ
ʱתͷȥ⣬ɫЩƮ˺ԶκЦһ
Ǹˣĸȼˡ
߳ţƹСͻȣ˲ŽԺ
סĵطȰŮ٣ϾٲϲҲǿԺһġ
տݣ̵ĶͱӵűߣһأľƬ
λϵĵ˿ϵ񣬷ûпһЦӯӯ
֪ĸк£
䳶ǣк£
Ͳصͷ˸ԼļףƵص
ⲻǱͻȻǺ𣿡
·ûб仯ķ壬۵Խ۵׺޺޵˾Ѫ
ƫˣүȻñ
ЦүҲϹһˣôȥѲںˡ
ǳǳ̧ƺû˼ĸʾ
˳ǣǹһĨЦ
䷸ĴվĸļգΪŮģҲȥϸ㣬Тġ
̬Ļºš
ϸü˰죬Ҳûס
üͷһ壺ǲԸ
ȻЦˣңңߣһһ䡢ʣ
ĸ˵ûĸ÷ȥĶأ
еָ׺ݺȴ·оһֻͷ¶ؿ
ĸ˺£
ʱȥ̫ãҪˡ
ã͵|顣
ˣ˺͸棬׽ڴ
ʱҲŴѩĸӲϳ䣬Ͻֻһ£¶۵ףЩۿš
ǵøɫ࣬ǵڲסĵ⡣
ǵĸܲ裬ֻһۣײϡ
Ѫһأȴһ۵ûС
йһ£ȴһ嶼ûС
һ˿ԥ˽ϳǰֹһ£ֺˣ
ĸøܸ߰ٳ裬һС˽飿
ֱ޻̸֮
е඼Ҫˡ
ڵϵʬԣһԲǸĿߣǱĲԸ
ͬȥ˰㣬һŲϯȦ𱻲֪˺δ
ʱֻקŸĵ°ڣһ档
ʲôûС
֮ǵү谮Ů
ȴҲû˲ϡ
ȥݵϣЩЦȥĶݣ
ܼǵõ˽
ɫһƱĻҭסЦЩģûа취
ֻǴǳǳǣǣЦ糣
ĸûбķԸˡ
ûڣ£ߵԺ⣬׷
˵ǿʵ޴ɾТģЩ𾭰ɡ
˵գѾ߾ͽһ𾭵ݸһЩûнȡ
ɫ˿ûб仯ǳЦţĸ壬Իúóд
ǹѾ߿ɫȻ˸ĸȴ˿ûиоҴҵͷæܿ
صԺӺȫӵһԣֻƳһۣ
ʲôùźīɡ
۵׷᣺Ҫ
Ѿݱ
һддҹ䣬ϵ򣬴һĹڷϡ
Щƣʲôʱˣ
ѹʱˡ
忴Ѿõķ𾭣þû˵
Ѿʱˣǵڶ˰
վ󣬿һһõķ𾭣Щ߷߲ƽ
δǹ
ɫȻһˣ
ٿȻͷŵúһͣһһ䣬˵
ˣǵá
ӻֱضʹͣɽŵùǺ
úջߣ˵ǵáҲ֪˵˭
ҧŴվ󣬺Ȼ;ñǼⷺᣬһµںڰʧ
ãһȥɡ
ûз֪Ҫһ˺úôһȥ
ʲôûиɣֻǻص˴ϣýԼǵʵʵһ˿϶
ͬۿŵǰѪһأ˫۾þδϺÿҹҲδ˯ðȹ
ںڰ۾Щᳰ
ôܼǵ˵ļأ
ˡ
ԩϴ尡ϴ壬ҲҪųһ
ˣǰҲŸûˡ
ŮҪôȥأ
ں
ȻˣΪλҪǵ
ԸȥԼϴˢԩֺαطǹ
ųӱܵˣãã
Ŵᣣþòţúգ۾Ϣع˳ŵڲ䣬˵úݡ
лҪ˵ܻһܡ
һһԾԾĹ~
ģŮССҾúܺÿǿȥ~
òʹһСBY Ծ
׳س޽ᣬǸЫˡ
Ů춼ò
ǹְֺޣò次
µӺԸ塣
һ䶯׳سұӻŻĴŽգΨд˵²ֵİŷ
һϴĸˡ׳سһֻſŷ֤
ûϵ ҲǺˡԨǣС֣š
Ԩʵж֤һ㣬λˣ


 87 

¸ոչȥ, ƾͷůЩ˼ҲٽԼһš
ׯӿʱЦ˼, ǲˣ
˼һ, Сֹţ, ˶Щں𣿡
Ϊ˵Сȴׯϰ, ˺̫, ⻰ȫ, ɵ鴤
ƳһԵ, ˼ЦЦ, ûٶ˵Ǿˡ
Զ, ڶ˵ߵԽԽˡ
뵱˼һŵû£, Ȼǲ
ޱشקԼӣ뵽ոյСɫ΢ЩټԱߵ˻ֹ, תͷȥһۡ
ׯ̲˵ڨЦһᲽͳǰߡ
û, ͣ˶ǣѹ
֮ǰ˵Ϻү˵ף
ûлش𣬿ׯɫ˵ܾǻǷأûпļҹ
һԲ
ˣҵпɣɼҼңɼ
Ե˵ʱûסһ¡
ȻϺүϣˣҲν
Ҳܲµү䣬ϺүȻͿʼ
㲻˵ΪǣҸеã۵ײײһ˿ů⣬ݼš
ҡͷ
Ů̫ӣཻ
ϣΪԼ£úүϺү
ɲ˵ׯӰԵ˼ȥ˴롣
ʵ£Ϊ֮ǰү˵Ҫطء
ͺү£ǻ˷أȻҲæµ
ׯӿһԵǣƬ̵Ļ㱡
һҲȫҪɼˡ
ʹ֪һջᵽׯĵһ˿Ȼ˵ʲôܡ
ˣȷЩҲһ˿˵˸С
ǿͻȻ˵ɫƺЩӣüؿһۣᲽһ
ϲ徻ׯӾ̫ˡ
ô꣬ϰߡ
һ߾˼ܻԺӣﻹһ㣬Ϊ̸ȥ˳ׯӶˡ
ЩĹĵģΪׯӵĻǳЦ֮ǰ֡
Ȼûж⣬Ǿ˼ɾ졣
Сذڰϣ̧ȥϵãʹͷһղ࣬ĵԽ֬£˼۵һ˿ޡ
ŵŲԣøоЦ̧ͷıʣ
ôǣ˭ˣ
˼Ʋֵ˵ׯ˳Цū֡
һʱûסйһЦҽ飬ӵһԣ˼֣Ц˵
ҲãǾ˼ҲǴˡ
Ůӽ԰Σ˵˼Ǵ֮䣬Щ𣬹Լϸģ¡
˼ɴӣЩߺ򡢷ˣ˵
ô˵ŮӼв˵ģźҶ꣬ĵǸмģܵ㡣
˵⻰ʱÿž˼۾ӳȻ˵ϡ
˼Ǽ΢ᣬӣڿϣпõȣŵ˵
ūźˣĸ֡
˵ͼڣ˴ū澺ãūһֱǵá
ΪǴξͲ᲻׵ʧˮӡ
ⱲӶǣܷвˣܷҲĨĵ׵ĺ⡣
һУûкͷ˵
ǴʱͷЦøģˣūźһӣ
΢˰κ󣬲ŷۣŴǣ˸˼˿
޸˾ʶˡ
һǺүǾ˼
ĿѶǾ˼ȹġ
˼˵һô򵥡
˹ξ˼ıǼ⣬˵
Ҳ㣬ϲˣͬ˵ܸܰЩæġ
û˵ʵûУߣܹһֱƴġ
˼˲֣ʹصͷ˷ģū澼ǵõģ
ܰһ󣬾˼˲۾վɻʣ
ףչûҷ𣿡
Ϊûмˣ֮ǰϵ˶ƺΪö֮˼ҲôŽˡ
˵ҡҡͷʧЦ뿪á
˵ϣ֮ǰҲʹɡ
ΪֳҲʶҪ˽һڷصˡ
һ֮£֪ĸˡ
ϺүɣϣԼ
δˣȴѾʮˡ
Ϻүãϸʱɵ游սɳĸûסһͬȥˡ
Ҫϻһꡣ
ԣϺүǽϵŮţʱδȥɩĸĽĸһš
ȥϺүһֱδȢޣҲϵĹ
Ϻүδж֮ǰλȨأԺ˼ŮӲ֪
ʱɺҲʮҡ
ɰТö˵ʲôȴǻűӽЩ˵׵ýһһȥ
ɺ˵£ü۶͵Ц˵һֱӣϴ̸֮ġ
Ȼ̻һֱš
ʹ򲻹֮󣬸һʤûС
Сһѧ䣬ŮӼңϺүͳ᲻ܿࡣ
ˣѧõģһֱ޷
ϺүǸ̵ģ˴ϲõĻҲ֪Ϻүûҵ뷨ˣ׷״ͷ
Ҳ˻ҵ˼
һʱ֮䣬˼˵⡣
Ǻү˵øȢ޵ġ
һˣ̫ˡ
ڷأܷģһ߾Ƕꣿ
Ϻү˵˲Ը⣬Ϊ˳ҲΪ
Ҳˣˣû
̸֮þͶ˸ммʱǰ㻤źү
ҲΪ˺үҪطصľģΣȥүĵطǺģ
жľǣΪδˣ
ɻʳʱؿü΢
Ƭָ̣˸õգ˵ţ
СùйԼ
ǰͬ˶£˺÷˸ơ
˵ˣĵ׾˲õԤС
ɺúõģỹδ֮
ûϸ˵ֻǸãҪǰ¡
Ҳֻ˵һ䣺֮СùӦˡ
ɽ˵Ϊôܺ޽ٵˣ
ֻͻȻסɡ
һһ˿ЦҲס
һֱߵġ
ǰڣ۸ˣô죿
˻ţǲĵġ
ԣúúõģһֱ
ʹӣȻ֮ãҵϳ֡
Ůˣǰ˵ȴʵʵڵš
ЩʧЦͷŮӵĶͷ˺еҲ޲á
٣ŵˣĺԺǾ԰ȫġ
ȵۣ󹬼ǧ뻤ŵĻסҪģӵвˡ
ϵ£þòŻعջЩ죬ȴԸ˼
ĸ㲻˸СùЩȥ
˷ģūѾԸȥˡ
Цŵͷ·ҽ飬Ȼҽϣү˵ЩйϵĻ
ϣмȴǾ塣
κ˶һȻˣ;ȥˡ
ҲΪòҪЩ
лҪ˵´ڹɣ
Ӹǿ


 88 

һֱ֪ΪλͻȻ, ȴδʡ
ȥѽ¡
ʱʼ, μ˼, ȱȱ, ŻȻ˵, μʲô, Żİɡ
Ժ, þͺٲμʲôˡ
Ҳ, 忤
ڸۡ, ֱ˵ֱӾ˻ʺ, ʥϺͻʺæϵҪ֪ʺס
˷һ˶֪Ҷӵӡ
쵽ճϴ, ǵȨҲòΪ׼š
κ£ֻҪǣңС¡
͵, úѡģһŰٸ֡
ﲻ, Ҫ⡣
֮⣬Ҫһݺɹܼȥ׼ˣ˲δġ
μϴգҲǰȥ
֪ΪΣ»ʵǻԽúүЩǺүģźүҹԽæµ³ġ
Ҳˣ˹ͬμĻ١
ÿʱ䲻ڷۣ۵׵ø޷ͣ¡
հ죬ɺȻ֣Щȡ
һˣ͵Ц뿪
ù˲ߺæǰһЩ⣺պүôпգ
ɸĶ΢٣תãΧæ˿ûвߣüЦ⣬ֱĵס
㱼䣬ʶӣʱԽˡ
ЩңҺˡ
߽ãĶͷ
ٵȵȣǾͿȥˡ
һûȥʻĶ
˵ܻصĵطֻһǷռǡ
ʱɲŻشոյĻ
æˣӦþˡ
Ц߽齣һ棬ָ⹴һīģ
Ǻʱѽ
ס֣һ˿ײļȣһ£¡
ͷЦÿ׼ͬһؾǹˣ
ﺬŹһۣ˾죬䣬ϸ˵
ĶֻҪүڣҶ׼ˡ
һʣ
СùദΣ
ֻ£ΪˣǿԼϴһ
˵ϲãֻٺãҲδ˶ϲ
þһСùú
ۿˣֱӣڽʱ٣Ƕϸģ߼ϸŮӡ
Ϻ
΢ɲšüĵЩζ
δô˷ܵؿ
ĵ׷ᣬҲ˵˳ˣϸϸĥڼ˵ĲüһȻŵ
ж
ƺݺݽѼ䣬ŵһ󱻲ȱƵӷ졣
ԽŴĴȥżֲ
үʲôЩ
βŲйһ㣬ĵԽȡ
ϵԽЩԭĥϵջأǳǳʪʪǣߺۣŵֱЩβţŽĵķɫ
Ŵỽţү
۵Щ죬̧ͷǡ
ʵˡ
ԽԽܲסȴ᲻ķĿڡ
ñŵӣһ˫ˮӣЩûعãȻ
йһ΢Ŵֱӡ
ŮӵգЩЦб
Ծ
Ը£̫
գգ۾ŷӦǺ˼Ȼ֮һգŭֱӣ
үƽң
ƽϢոյģֹɲƽס
ü˵ȻԲһ˫ӡ
Ǽ⣬˵ȥ
ŮƤ˵ȥҪˡ
ֱָүһң㻹æȥأ
ЦűסҪæˣ˸뱾ˡ
ñȥȻ˵
ү߯գ˭㣿
˵Լ޵ݣæת⻰⣺
Щˣ
۵йЦ˳ӣ˳һ
һʱûվȣ§ס˵Ĳ޴ʣүʲô
һСĵػһüЦôˣδһȥ
ֻ˵һ䣬˲䶮˼һϵһĨЦææ˳Ļ
ɻʧȥһ㶣ͼϣ˳س⺰˼
˼սѾױ̨ǰ
ɺȻʧЦϣشӺ濴
ôͭĿӣЩ죺үʲô컻·
ҲҪ
ббһüүǴ㣬Ű칫·һͬȥ
һЩվӣԸѣ׵ƽ£ĵ
ϸϸüͭ￴Цӣؽ
ӺΡ
ԣ̧ͷǡվۣüһ䣺
ɰ֡
֪ĸѾûסЦȫ˶Цʶ
ȾϺϼһɣ
ҡƶ
˵գߵôҴ߳ȥ˼ЦŸȥˣȵū澣
ʧЦȴɨһȦѾߣЦЦ
ЦǷˣ԰ӣ
һ٣ﰲ͵ͷӡ
Ųջߣ̤š
ͣЩѾ仹ﵽͷϣҲôһ
Űõӣȴݲ˶
˼첽˳ȥԺ⣬Ჽʱͷֱŷĵش󵨳ǰߡ
壬̲ס¶һĨЦ⡣
лҪ˵ʱĻܼӸ΢Ц
ǸϴӦûط
иСʹۣ˼
򣺱һܵĲˣҪʮ˸Сʱ
ңô죿
ܹ
ػλСʹڶ棡֤ݣӣ


 89 

ڽʱ, òЩȡ
ǿ϶ֲ岻ҪΪ߰ߣȻôһͻ
ɷ
ⰻȻ, ȥսǶʱ, Խַ١
в, ɨһ۹ȥܿϤ, Ҳδ, Щ˿, ȴɵЩȡ
Ǿ, Ϊɡ
ЩҷСƽʱ䲻, Ҳʲôϡ¡
ӣͲò˵Ǽϡˡ
װ, ʴŵ弫ƣõ֣δ
СЩ
߹ʱպ仰, һ٣ɫ΢ֻǳ΢˷ӣ˰
ɫ΢ѵ, ƺδһۡ
аüػ˰
˽û˵, ƺֻżȻһ㣬ֱͿ˳ȥɨıӰһۣѾһУӦʲô
ӣԭΪͺүġ
ʵµûʱȷɴɸ߽ɵĻ˲ףٶ඼ù
ˣȻ׷ѹ򣬻ƽ׻
ԽˣԽǶ˺档
ݺĻεһȦ󣬾ͱǰ˴ϣӹ̨ùһöϱȽϣϲ𣿡
̻ϸϸۣҡҡͷ
մöδʲô̫ĲʻȲöȻ᲻ʲôȤ
ԣɾͽö£ִѰȥ
ϸȫûע⵽˴˵ߡ
˵ע⵽Ҳ⣬ȴûôϢض˼ֲȻᳶ˳˵䣺
ү߰ɡ
ƻٿһŮӳľЩ̧ͷ
ܴ˲ʧ
ʧЦö˵
óʱ³壬񲻺˼ˣ
պһƬȴǺ˿ĵطһۡ
ҲûЦǣ˽
粻ظţҪȥ¥
ʻƬ̣ԶʹżϸϸĿǻ
úȥûп壬ͱɵסߣǰһƬڰգգ۾ëعģδԣʣ
үôˣ
ֻЩȥ۵һİɫ۵ˣûǱˡ
ɵ֣ҲȥЩ棺ү֪Ƿ˺£
пڳϣĵüңѹĵ׵Ĳ
òһˣûΪĶ
ͨ¥һ·̷ֵ࣬Ĺ䴦һƬء
ʹӽ£Ҳк֣СС˸
طŮӣЩǲԸġ
һȻͻŮ͵ܳһ¡
ھǴòãҲ£ȴû뵽ôɵرײϡ
ɶԴ½޸С
˸ȴڣھߵز϶ֵ֧ġ
Ƕе
£ӡ
ɱʾмңɹܲô
οɴӣס۵׵⣬ܵŮӣȻҲԼ˼
¥һʳķø߰ȥĴȨӵܣЩŮܣ˸еİ죿
ֳôĶ
浱˶ɵ
ŮӻںصŴ𰸣ɵ˵Ķͷʵ
ӦǺܳŮӡ
öʱôãȻ֪ʲôط
ǼȻܣôѡʱ򣿡
˭֪أ
ʹЩطȷȴѰռҺùˡ
òߣٽȹνܻеġ
Ӽףѡ
Ҫͬǰһӣ£
үǹŵķȣ΢üҲӦʱǺЩԣ˳ǣһѾ
ôҿ϶˰ǣ
ûУһЩطûгͷ
Ѱϵū澳ӣȥ
ЩطĳͷӦпɣ
ɰָ޹ǰ㣬֣ԣͷûֱ̧
µģȻǶԼʮš
Щطܻţνļ۸ߵãϰߣЩϲԼˡ
˻䣬ȻͶȻͣ
ׯЩĻ
үˣײˡ
ǰ㹻ĿյأׯӺ;˼棬һ
ŮܹʱׯӾѾóٶȣɾ˻ǲ۵ײ˹
Щƣ֮ǰһ£ŷˣǺ⣬ȴЩŪɳ׾ûüȣڷǰֳ˲ӡ
Ͳϧӣټ·˶ӡԽԽãүҲԼ¶ԵڵϵŮ֮ġ
ˣĻҲ˵ײˡ
ײˡ
⻰˴˶һۣЩЦ
ԭ۴£ȴ̾ͳ˹
Ҳδ棬ɸǽһ˿üңȴõһֱδɿ
ׯӼûжĵȻʱŮӣ
ÿ
Ůԭڵϣ׾ɴأȾһ˿ֻһ֧ƺΪϸϱϣ۽ǵŴŵصϧѡ
ܲ˶ݣһ֪ԼǲҲ˵
ŮׯĻƺһ㶣ܿͷӦ۽ǵ˳£ʧؿźͿ׷ˣ١ϸϸأ
󡢴ˣǾȾūңūԸţǣ
һ䣬;ζһˮϸʣǶ𣿡
ֱ׵ع֣Ͳֱ˵ֻҪңʲôԸˡ
Цֺ˲ˮ
֪Ϊβ㿴˰ɣ
ǵͷȻӣɣүҿԼҲһǾˣүҲºڣ
ôҲû뵽Ὣյʳָ΢Ķͷ
ŮӼб˳ǵδûУֻϧʼգͿһǡ
һϯ˵ҧгݣƫЦһģ˿ĵëëġ
˫̧ͷϸָ䴫
㡢˵˭ǰǡ
ñ밢øոյһϯʲôˣʲôڡ
ͷ΢죬һ߲˵Żһš
ñ˵޵ݣæֶסģү˵ˣҴˣҲ˵ǻ
֮ţȴûн
ׯŮӵĻЦˣñͺÿһЦŮһ˵
תȥţ
ǰһ䣬ǶԼԱߵľ˼˵ģ˼һ˫Ӻؿţһ⻰Ȼ⣬ȴתͷȥס˶䡣
ׯӼˣŮӺ䡣
Ůһǣ˾Ⱦū
ʱȺץ˵ļҲһΣҲҲ졣
ׯӳ˳ǣŮӵ۵Խںүôãǵһôûɫˣʲô˵
ָ̧ŮӣǴʣǮ٣
ǰҲ龰Щ˴ĵ׶ЩŮиֻƲλǺ˼
Ͼǵ˿ɶδ¶档
ׯӵĴŴأҲҺӣ±ϹϾر˼ۣش˵ĻϹǮһǧӡ
䣬һƬ
һǧӣھƬأҲһСĺԺˡ
ǴȻ֪Լ۸ˣЩҹµ˶ǮȻҪݺݱۡ
ǿǰ˲ǣҪøࡣ
ׯֱһ˵һǧȻʲô˵λǴ󺺵Ļ
ո˵ʲô
Ǵ󺺶һۣϣƲʵƣζϣ
˶ûʲôĲɣ˵Ǳű˳ġ
ɫѾģֺֻײˡ
֪Ȼ£֪ˣô׷Ź
һֱûж̧óᡣ
лҪ˵ϣҾ뱧ȣ̰ĽһЩΪʲôϲϷģ
ߣ˭Ϲײ
˼ҲίаԲܿ

 90 

ָľϵ, ׯϸ΢
ĥ䣬ֱӿڣ
ڴ˹УŮƾϲ, ޹ǰ, ڵϿͷ, 
ллˣллˣ
˳ܣûһ, 󺺴һ, , ζ̴, ھǻ˶, Ȼʶ㣬һϱʶ, ŵӶЩղסæСܹ
λˣȿϣ߾ǣӾͲҪˣ
ĵҲ, ϾһǧСĿҲ֪⾩ǵĵؽЩ˲ܵ
ׯӽӹֱͳƱȥԲռˡ
Ǹ˼Ҳ˵ԹԵؽӹƱվ, ԵϵŮ˵
и˿㣬պҪúźŴ˰ɡ
˵, 뿪ׯͻȻڣһ¡
ˣ㻹ʲôԸ
ׯŮϣЦʣ֮ǰ˵Ըţ𣿡
Ůӵͷ
ׯȻֱһ󺺣֮ǰ׷ϵˣӸЦţ
ˡ
Ǵԭأͷԣһǧӣ
ׯӲ˲֣һɾ󣬲˵
֡
Ӧ¡
Ȼţˡ
ׯ俴ţô鷳պź㱨ˡ
Ͽʲô˶ˣҪׯӵ°ڡ
ׯšüùеı˦ȥŵæջ
ȴûֹסؿޣˡū߰ɣūٻȥ
ׯЦˣղ˵Ҫţң
ǴҲڷʲô۾һקϣׯӵͷ
ллˣллˣ
ׯûֱóݳ뿪
ͽһˣϸǻڲ
ȫû뵽ֵطֵˣȻḻԣ
ĸˣһǻˣ
ˡ
ڲ˵Ļ͵ܳʲô
ƳˣһȥŸ˵ȣ衢ҴˣҴˣһȥɡ
ԭ׵һƯŮ˸˵Ĵһ㶣һŭ
ôԸźһȺˣҲԸź
ǸҲؿϣĵЦţǸСͲˡ
˭֪ķĶԸ⡣
ǩġ
ôһ˻ΪǸǿǿģ
ܸ˾͹ˡ
˵Ļһϲ裬Ҿʹȥˡ
һüбǴһۣעЩ˿˵ˣպɲٽˡ
Ҽˣ
ҲֺǺǵӦ£ֻקϵĶһ㶼ᡣ
Ͼֵ۾ôҲѲˣ·ȣεĵģ·˽ոյ־翴ԭ뷨ˣʱҲûˡ
ⲻԶƿӣƲس߿һۡ
΢䣬ɫ¶˰棬һڰ֣ŮɹЦ
ϱקţĿƵصɴӣø
󺺼ˣͷס죬Ӳ뿪
ú󣬿ֵɢ·ڿʻ
ŮԸ߰ɡ
䣬ɫϢؾȥ
Զ˵ˣ֪£ʱǸյ˾¥
˼³󣬻һֱСׯӣΪΣȴׯȫ۵ס
Ҳû⣬ʱתȥǼǷѾ߰ˡ
ø˼ܵߡ
̧ǵˣ
ոׯӴֶΣЩԾ
Ҳɴ˿ͼ˵ȷЩνŮɫɫ
ȻЩɺޱ仯ɫĵȴԽİЩ
˼֪ʲôԣ˵ͷƬҡҡͷ˵
Ҳ£û뵽
ׯǰδ¶Įһ棬˼һʱЩӦ
üûбסҲ˿ģȥˡ
һߣɶھ˼ûɫѾЩͣþͽ˵ڡ
¥ռźλã쵽ʱΪ
˴ûλá
šüҲûڴ֮ͥŵϰߣͷɵľ
׼ظʱһתسҾ
ү
Ƴһۣջߣס
Ƕǹ½
˽յпգųһۣȴȻ˼ˡ
ĵװù
С˵Ļԭ½¶Ĺ죬վûס½
½ҲԼʧ˷ִ磬Կڵһֱǹ졣
Ǻү¹ŵõĸ䡣
ⷽ棬¥һֱˣи䣬Ϊ𱬣ҪŶӡ
Ҳڱĵط£ȴûС
ûλӣҲŻظΪ֪¥ǸյǸλˡ
еû¸ɣΪһٷλϡ
˹Ļɷ¡
ͶˮˮΪܣʵûʲô顣
ôһҲɺ档
ֻüŶø
۾ϸ˶λȴûʲôԾ
½ͷǿţүòھǣ¹ٶλʱү¹ٶͿɡ
Цˣü޵Ц˲²͸뷨
õ֣Ųɨ˶飬Ҳ˴ʲô⣬׵ͷˣлλ⡣
̬ܵȣʵ첻ɵö࿴һۡ
күڣó׷ɣԲδˡ
ȻԽ̤¥ʱɺȻһ٣½ϣؿһ䣺
½СӲ
½ӽֱ벻ͨΪλͻȻ˵һ䣿
½ҧҧ⣬Լ侲үޡ
ɹЦ£ǣó¥ȥ
ûӰ½һֻñһ亹
ھ¥˵ʲô½ȥֱ½
ոʲô
½üͷЩãȻʲôû
ȷʲôû±˿ʲôһֱͷʼ밲һ仰Ҳû˵
ЩɣȴҲ½û˵ѡ
ȴ֪Ϊ½̫̬ȣġ
Ͼ½ôҲǳңڼ˵ӡ
ú󣬹һҲֻһ˵ˡ
½㶵صͷ⻰ƻعһֱ΢ָͣ
лҪ˵ɣܸоʲôǱ֪
³ˣ
ӪҺˣѹ~
ն԰ɣ绹ǼӸ


 91 

ʱڸ, ãҲδ½̬ȡ
ֱòʣүΪ˵һ䣿
ӣЩȻֻһ˵
̽һ, ˭֪˹ڽ, ӽӲ, ɶС
бһۣ½СǷ, ȴû뵽ֻ˵˵
˵һΪүʲôԾء
γԣü
ϸü, һ, ˵ûʲô, ֻǾλ½Щְˡ
, ϸϸ˼ü, ܽأɷǺÿ
ɺȻ壬Ʋʣúʶ
ֻй֮Ե
棿
ƤЦⲻЦţԽ, ȴ¶һ˿
Ϊ˵֣
һۣ˫ϸϸ˼󣬽ȥ˵˳
֪Ϊ, ˹ӿʱЩţҴææͽ½СӴˡ
˵, Щȥһ˿⡣
ǽţȻڵͷˣ
ɺˡ
Ҫ˵ĸ䣬һ˦ϡ
ͶΣ
ĵŻһѪǿ˿֪½⣬Щ֣Ҫѹסĵ׵
ҳһˡ
Ȼ˻֪Ҫ˼ãһֱڹ
һٷɳԵʳʡ
ûθڣûɻ󣺡үôˣǲϲɫ
ɳЦЦû¡
õǵؿҲûθڣ䣺
үǾͻظɣ
˶û˼棬Ҵһظþ̻˸ҽ
ɿææģؾǿˡ
ԼҰôãϲ
ٶϲϲģҲֻԼ
˵ˣһ뵽½͹죬ɲϲ
֪ЩʲôΪ½ڡ
Ǽ˲δʲôֻô򵥣
ҽ֮󣬲δʲô
ȴã˵Ų
ᶼ
ɼˣæ˵ñţû¡
ʵؿ棿
Ȼʱƭ㣿
һ̱ӵϣµᡣ
Щ飬û뵽Լһŵ
ȴˣӹǺãնܴ£вʹģӲһȻ˲ôܻ᲻ģ
ӣڻϸСָ˶ͷ
Ȳϴͱȥˡ
ɫһ䣬磬Ͷ϶ȥôܰڸУ
ұ˵ûûԴҲȥ
ƺһȥ
õĵصֲǵһԼȥοСùأ㲻ʲô֣
ɰֹھǺڣôȥͶ
˵ܹһЩǿһЩڣҲ޷
֮ǺڣڵúƵ֭ˣĵ׷ſࡣ
ϣһֽŮӵأ
һȥ粽룡
ǿһ㣬ҧ˺漸֡
ﻹźţҽδȥһ˵ȣֹס
ү˵ʲô߲ߣ
̧ͷɨһˣ˶ͷҿֱ׳ضü
Լ׽쾭塣
˵ҲȲƤ񣬶ʱ⣬Ʋ˵
ýճˡ
ϸü⣬һ㣬ϸ΢ЦҲزס
ɿ񣬴⣬պҲˡ
½վܳʩ
ȻסԶţ
治ţ˸ҵԼڡ
Ӷھ¥˵Щһ뵽Լôʵ˸ĵ׾ͱŵܡ
üþò񣬺Ȼ
գþסˣɫͨ죬ȫû뵽Լ¡
Ҳһ㶣κס֣˵ֽϡ
ŵīЩɢס΢ĶȻһ䣺

ò˼ͷֳ΢˱죺˭кү
һʱûзӦŻɳµġ
ֺү
ԽԽֱ׳Բһ˫
һԽԽƫ֮£ûʲôԡ
һ޵˼˭
ΪԵõüңŮӵĻҲûʲôӦֻεؿһۡ
ϴ񣬸ӶʰҪȥ
Ƚɵ˼ú϶ⳡкβͬ
ʱʹϣҲûǫõ˼һ˶£ֱۡ
ɬȴҲûзֻԸ˺źš
ɼ˳ǣׯӣȥݺ
ׯӺʶ꣬Ȼл˵һ·Ҳ㲻ġ
ׯӦȥСʣСùòɣ
ᡣ
ʹûãҲһ
ãȻǺһнԼø˵ĵʹСùҲС
ΪնĻе㵣ܿСùõĸ飬ҲˣԽԵ˸׺˵ˣֲòİԵʧЦ
֮ģպ
Ǳɫ۵ʱ˿оνĹֻšüЦ
겻ɢ
պ½ļ̳еģ½½ⳡϴ½ȫûıҪƫƫˡ
ʲô˼ɿܻ֪պĻܲ
˵СֻվߵĻȴҲû壬ɨһܣΧԵˣΪںԼ˵ãȻ
үո˵ʲô
ɲû֪½˼Ĵ㣬µ΢Ц
ûֻǸ̾ĶСӴš
ƺûһ˷Ĳ¡
ɵ֮⣬ЩʧЦһۡ
ӣ˽ǰĨ½Ϊ˿顣
½⿴ŮӱӰʱ΢Щ
ȻͿ˶ӽһЦǳ߱ŭ
ŹĻû˿Լ쳣
½ĸںڷʲôˣ
½æ̧ͷӦ
ŶŶˡ
󣬾͵Ƭ̣ڽ˺󣬾ͼӰˡ
лҪ˵ɣңүޣݷ


 92 

¶, ·ʱ벻ˡ
Ȼüǰһ, Ҿ
, ʺ
ǰ´ʥϼʺ, ĺʥޱ, , ֻǶ׺, ִ, ϸذź, ڻʺС
ǻʺõͷүЩɣӦڵŶλˡ
ʥ϶˰ûǰ¶档
Ҳ, ͷ뿪
Զ˵ûڻͷɺЦʲô
ʥϺͻʺĸáһ˿Ľ
ššüһأǵĸҲá
һʱ֪˵ʲô, εؿһۣЩ
Ҳ֪ǲյ´̼ˣһ·ϣͬ˵, ˴粽롣
ֱǰÿ˸ϵĵճ
ССһţƴҡ
ÿľ, ץɵ䣬Щɵ
ĶôС𣿡
ʵôݡ
˵Сǿѹ
ʻ۵һ˿޴룬ݼš
⻹һοôСĺӡ
ôϸ΢ϸ
ţҲΪʱ˾ȵԵʣһּƽ򶨵˵ţ
ǡ
ǵĺһôС
СǺӴС룬⺢ӿ˸ס
ȻˣǵĺӣҲӦƴҰɣ
Щȷš
úɵһۣչ黹Ļ
ʶ䣬ָСɫ΢Щ䡣
֣˲δĶ
ȻһߵˣƳɫ˼΢Ȼ˼
Цų֣ˣҪ˱ӣ
һææ֣Ҳᣬ»
£ڣЦţպ˵ĸ
һ죬˼
۲丣лʺиҲ䲻ϡ
ӣյӡ
˵Щţõһ
Ҳأ
Уݵĸϡ
ڼ䳤ʲô֪ģˣɽ⺢ƽƽ¡
˭˵Ӳ
˼Ͷϣ⼸Ҫˡ
Ц˸ͷȥɡ
Щӣ˵û£ڡ
ƺģؿһۣСسǺȥ
ؽӱӵֱۣþͽֱӣ޴ϡ
Ȼϴһֻ֣ĵ׵ĻҽɢڹΪƽ
֪Ǻүү
СرӣһյٺͮͮͰ͵ģ׾ɰÿĵ׶Ҫˡ
ٻϲҲҾñӻ֣мسϷ˷ӡ
ʹӿãɳϵ⣬ȴǼסˡ
һԵȻҲ֪£ȻҲϹ˹֣
лˡ
ЩȵؿԭֻǸ˳ˮˡ
û뵽
ϴһ߹֮󣬺Ӿͱȥ
ظԶȥɿúЦۣȴҲǰ¡
ɢ˺ɾʹú߷ֿ
ͤţȻﴫһŮӻҵľУ

̺ɶһۣԥүҪҪȥ
þ;Щͷ
ֻΪԤУһں塣
ϾŵľǣҲûмλ
ɸҪܾǱִ޺
иҽ졭
ӣҲšüõͷ˳Դȥ
ö˵ʱѾΧ˲ˡ
忤֪ôˣ˵Ѿ߻ͷðѪ飬ȾʪһƷ١
ѾߣڵϣּֿҸҽ
ڲԶ㶵վһͯ
ͯԱվһ޴֣ҵŷˡ
һѾߣŴȥ
ò˵忤Ҳ֮֡
ͯĵճͷϵ˿ھ£ֵʯͷԭΪƬûûֹ
˭Ҳû뵽忤
ô˵忤Ҳǻˣȵ׷Ŀͯ⣬
ԣִʱѻҲ
öգü⣬ЩһѾ
忤޹룬֣֮ô˵
ʱ˲ŵ
½˺½ǳϡ
һΣüͷɵ˽忤̧ȥͷȥ븮ҽ
忤ĸѾС̧ƺѾԲѣֱش£¶˰£Ŀ
½˽ͯסüͷԵΪЩꡣ
ʹˣǵһʱ䣬˳ϵǸ
Ͼһ־ϴҲٰȥ
ÿóϵЦⶼЩѵˡ
ϾԳ˵ϵ˶ĵճҪճĺӣôܻˣ
ɺûٿȥͳ˵˾͸ˡ
ظòææӦСùأ
ȫȻ⣺ģׯµġ
óɵصͷʣүã飬𣿡
ɽһݸԣЦˣ˵Ļȴն
ܡ
ΪΣ
ãȻģ΢ӣ
յڳϿɲù
οΪİŮҲͰˣ˿ϣ˭֪أ
е֮⣬šüţ
ɣ
ʼ磺˭֪أ
Ƿ嵱òΪ˸
һڳҲһΡ
ڻ᲻϶ֽţ˭֪أ
ȨѬĵˣʲô
лҪ˵ҲӦòµ˭ŵ
мӸǶʱûмӸûˣѽ


 93 

忤˻, ҲŵǸ 
յĽ˭Ҳ֪
¶һ˿
ڸϵú϶Щʧ
ʱĵ˻ϲ˱
Է
ڴ, ɫɴ縡
ſڴ, ƣ۶˯ȥ, ۽ǻۡ
ؿŴᣡ
ͷˣյĴ, û, Խء
ڵڶ, Ϊҩʱ, ˿ڴʹʱ, ;òԾ
֬࣬δù
ûгֹ
չȥ, ˿˿תԣô˿ûв
÷ȥ̽ɵ̬Ⱥ, ͳƵˡ
ϧ
òϣŮжɫ
ԣڿ, ԥѡ˷Ҳղڼǰԭ
ǣĿ˭ǰ, Ѿ˾ˡ
˿ڻۣȴǺ֪
룬ĸײʱͷϵ˿ǷҲôۣ
Ǹ̬ģ˷۵׸زס
֪Ϊô
Ϊĺӣ⺦ģˣⱲӶԼá
ǵģá
Ҳ֪羹ȻŮ
һ檵ģѲ类ϥ¡
֪٣󣬸˸£Ů
ҪˣʱǶ
α⣬϶Ϊ֮
֪ԭҲȥ͡
ΪΪ֮⣬ﻹҪ
͵͵ЦЦ
ĶѣģĻŲѣϽסӣ˵
ûµģûµģū澣ܰȥģ̫ҽ˵ˣµģ
ЩնЩ
㡢ҵ˿ڡʲôˡ
ǲǺĸѪģ˲ҿ
ȥͷϵɴѪܵ˿ʱ˶ţ
ô᣿ô
Ϊūţܹصˣ֬ͿĨһպҲѪô
ĿΡΡطһӨɫҩƿϣ뵽ʲô
ҩҩ
ɻճڣֹסʹҡͷ
ģģһҩ⡭ǡ
ֻ˫Ҳ˵ȥˣڴԣѹֵʹ޳
ôᡭô
۰ĺӰ
ôôģ
ҩүģ
ΪûģŸҸá
年Ŵǣǣǿس˳
۰ĺӣǽԵϵηϰˡ
᲻֪޹
֪һʱ龰֪
̲ˣŮ˺ͱһŴϣǱݺ
Ϊϵľ֮ģԺʮֺá
۰ĺӣʲô
谮ĲײʱĬȻ
˵˰ˡ
οֲֹһӡ
Ц棬͵ĺûᣬǸΨͼˣôܻ
ôุŮ飿
ʹغȻƿ֬ڵأ˵ǲˣˣ
ƽؿƽЩ졣
˵
ΪԼû壬ԭ
Ϊβã
Ҹãܲã
һһ˵
ǵãڿʼƿҩڴͷҪá
˸ΪҪôĥԼ
ŮӵŮ˵Ҫ
ô˿⡣
ɷȴ˵ˣӣͷѾ˯˰㡣
ͷϱ𿪵ɴңεѪ˳£ʮֲֹ
ȴ˿⣬ƺо˿ڵۣüͷδ
ΡΡضӣؿţҩһ
úþ˵忤ϵδܺã˰̡
Ҳ£͵¡
½С½ͷ忤Ļ¡
óŴʱֻܾ̾ү
ıϵˡ
ҲΪ£Եĸйٱʮֲ
Ϊãνĵĸﲢ
Ůٰˡ
ﻹŲϲ

ʱ䣬ǳ⣬һ¡
Ӧ˵ǶԼĴ¡
Ҳ֪ʲô
ֻ֪һպүδظڻʹкʥϳҹ̸ϣϱֱʱŻظ
һʥּ
ˣڿɻطء
ôؿЦнּϣʱŻȻ
ҲϾΪ˴£ǵġ
ǿĺ棬ʱ˵
̫࣬ʵʥǷһˡ
ʥϷּǰ߹ʱҰһΡ
˵⻰ʱЦŵġ
Īģþ;ʮġ
Ծģү˵ģСù»Լˡ
ҶʣֻһͬЦš
˻δطء
ΪĻڼ¶ʮա
е˶Żδɵģﶼ壬ſϷȥˡ
Щˣ˵Ҫ忤ݺ󣬾Ǻģ
ЩʱѾվˣݺüͷЩЩʡ
֪ŮӵòжҪҪȥ˼ҵ˿ڣ
ʵԷ忤˵ʲôܡ
ȻԺүȷ˼Ҳͬ˵ģپ
ԣö̫ĶС
ο壬ҲڻҪȥ˰̡
Щʵسү߽
˵ҲЩ⣬Ϊһ˵Ҫү̷ſһˡ
Ҫ֪ǾͿطˣæüûʱظ
ɾþδȵˡ
ܱЩӣ۾СĻãûôס
ô˵ͷɻ
ʾ½˵ɫһƬ࣬˿ϲ֮顣
Ҳ⣬Ͼ¿˵ǵġ
СӵĻ¸ճ½ĵջ
ϾףҲƤӳСӡ
˳߿ȥ½ʱʱԱߵѾʲô˻ش󣬻Ҫɫ
ͷɵ˵ǡʱˣ
һҲڸʲô
ɻʱ˻Żææţ
үˣˣ
ֻһ䣬ĻСģ˻ŵӣ֪ӦС¡
ȻûƬ̣˳˵˼ǣ£³ɲˡ
þȵӡ
˵ų飬״ҲӦ߲ͬ⡣
û뵽¾ȫˣ¨ӡ
뿪󣬼ȥ
ö˻ûеУׯӾ˵˵
үһȫУŸʮˡ
ȻԳʳԼɻ
忤أ
ׯƺһ£ż˵
˵ǣż£˵ǰ
üͷȫУС¡
۽˲ү˵£Ƿ忤Ϊ𣿡
šüȴ뷨ͬ
Ͼ⸮беʱ̫ɺˡ
лҪ˵¾ͻط
д


 94 

߾, طŴƬͩȻ, Ρɭ, ռǡ
Դ, ռһǼء
Χӹǣر, ɽǧ, ѹ
һӹٵ, ǧľ, , Ϊ׵¹ü, â¶˲
㶵
ֿһ龰
̽һԴ˳ȥ, ԼֶЦֳ˵ʱõŷɥ, Ƿʢʱ򡣡
˵ĻΪó
ݡݣ̫, ȴҲķâѹס
ɳҲսɳһƬףҲΡ
þòܻЩϸ૵
á
ܻá
ϿҲЦ㣬Ǹá
ҲҪݸ߹Ķϱ
ڰߵģֻҪһȫͺãһ㣬û˱øˡ
֮ԶһֱƣҲΪһһⰮĽɰˡ
΢ɿһֱ߬ŵһ·ϣЩ˵Ľš
Լ֪Ϊʲô
ΪԽӽļ˰ɡ
֪˶ãϸ˵ָǰ֣ͩܿռǵĴˡ
ͩ˵󲻴󣬼ϻʱ͵ͩǰһյǼ⣬ǰһƬ
ռǳǽվһʿңңȥЩ졣
Ϊϴѣῴ
ҾĶ顣
ҲǺүĲ¡
ǧĶѹѹرƽǸյǰһĺ
үţ
صĴŴ汻˻򿪣ɽͣŸ߸ߵĳţþûջߡ
ׯЩ˷ܵүǻˣ
ЩʪδҲ֪ٺãҲԶ
ؼɵһˣӲ໰ȴһֱɵһ
źϤİһˣٷ義˵ľϸȴ۵Щȡ
κŵ͵͵
ţˡ
࣬ׯδعռǡ
Ȼתȥӳ߿ṴŴ
⼸겻һ
ׯƽ飬ߣЦţ
Ϻүڸϵźү˻ȥˡ
ûлػֱӻӱ޼ѹѹĶ鳯жС
ûеʲôʱ䣬͵˼Ҳǳ
ǧҾڽʱѹӣׯӱлؼңһ˵˺ʱֻʣˡ
ңңͿǰվŵˣϵӣӣ߽󣬲ŷȾ˰ף۽Ƕƣֱͦļȴ˿û
̨ףʵʵڵع£
Тδ顣
Ϻүԫ۵׶Щ죬ȴһ֪Լܣе֪֮
һ飬Űվδȴ裺
Ϊջ֪ҷ˶󹤷𣿡
ԫ֪ףȴӲ
ռǶ꣬ǵһмھôꡣ
ƲƲ죺˵úûھǴһ
׻ʱҪΪǲ֮ء
ԫһҭŭӣ
۵ĵȴɲ٣ܺӲް
ԫҪ˵ʲôææ䣬Ϊ̽
Ѿ֪ˣɲ߶
˵֮ǰԹɵģҲֻԫˡ
ǡʱú
ԫΪүŭþҪ³סֱͣ£³
ø̽ͷżؿɣյģ˿
˺ע⵽ԫĺͻȻ߬Щ޴롣
⿴÷׵ָ⣬²ԫ
СЩὫϱˣͿȥɣ
ԫҪͿŶ׵Сҭס˰죬żһĨº͵Цȸոյ
ðɣ
ææɿɣǰ񣬸Ҫ˵ЩŵؿɣɵЦʱųɵڣ
ϱס
ԫӦҪ˵ʲôͱһ£
˸磡ڴſ˵ʲôЩȥɣͶٵģҺͰЪЪ
ԫʮףɶȴʮºͣҪЩΣһ⻰æ˵
ԶԶԣ
̬ºͣýЩ߬ɵվ
ԫתȥʱֵһۡ
ƲƲ죬غСֹţ
ͷӾСס
⻰俴ڱԹʵȴûʲô͸żЦ⡣
ǳǳǣ״ү׽Żˡ
һȴû˵ǣһ߽ȥ
ռеļĴ˵лһ䳡ʱԶԶһۣȴδʲô
ˣ˵Ǻ棬գúתתС
úͷСӦ£š
ɿżȾϺϼգȻϺ˵Ļ
üңнճǣֻȺ͸󣬾Ϳɲٰ졣
úԫû˵仰Ǹˣ˵ͻ潫ŵϵģüȥϢȴǽˡ
ÿ˵ıӰЩ޴롣
ҲһԷŰ۵ֳǵģŸѰ߸ʲô
ҲЩȴΪԫţ
Ҳþδү֮顣
ЦͺãߣȥɵԺӡ
ò˼ͷͷ˼ȥķ򣬲Ÿ뿪
ɶδ飬Ժɴɨʮָɾǳδסģ
İʮ־£ҲʮݻˣҲ˼Ůӻװ硣
תȦ۾Ц
ϵ͵ϢҼǵǰɴûдġ
ԵΪŮ˱ŵġ
΢죬ҪѪ㣬ЩϣŴ
Сùãͱˡ
͵Цȴûж˵ʲôʰã͸ǻȥˡ
ϾôõҲˡ
뿪･徻òüԺ
ԺźˣС˹ûѾаˣԺŵ֡
Լһ˼һ֣֮⣬û˻
ԺʰúһѾߣе
Ϊ׵Ѿʮߵģ㣬Цϲ죬˵
ط˵ĻǸϵ٣Ҳͼ򵥣ϺүС㶼ǶƵġ
λ⣬ϲֱϵϷǱߵУӦ֪ġ
õȷ֪Ϸ˾ǳǱߵȻǻеˡ
Ƕ֪иӹϵѾҲδ˵
үͳ˺λ⸮ʵ͹үˡ
ū澼֮ǰԺźģүˣϺүһϲŮź򡣡
ū澼˶Сȥǰˣźġ
һ˵Цù׺͡
ϸǼѾߣѾߵװ磬ģʮ꣬ʵΪѾ˵ʵЩ˵ġ
֪һЩйص˼ңõѾӦʮꡣ
䣬֪ˣҲʱ䳤Щ
һ֪⼸Ѿ߶Ǹϵļӣǲ˵ˣȻ
һʰã˼յǰС˵
ūԭϺүദˣŷģūţϺүԷǼġ
һۣ˵ıǼ⡣
Щ˼ֲ֪ô
ʵ֪Ϻү̬ȲΪүˡ
ʹˣҲ֪ˡ
ֿ˴֣ҲЦ˵˼˵òūˣԺӲõöΪ׵ǽľŵġ
Ҳ˵辫£ҪǣŮӼϲʲôģźҲжʱˣȫܿǶǷϲġ
ǺүС㴫ŻģϽ˷ˡ
ú;˼ƶɴȴһ˿ģҲô˵Щϸأ
үһǼõġ
տԺӵ⻰۵һ˿Ц⡣
лҪ˵ڻط


 95 

һ, ŮŴŴһ䡰үһǼõġĵҲһͿ
ãĸԸ
˵֪ʱ, ɻǲؾøˡ
տ, ζ, תͷ, ΢үˣ
ס֣ôõ, ۣ
ǵûؾʱ, γʵ顣
ȻҲ뵽, ˫û, ۡ
Ҳ֪ôģΪ̫, εûγ
ɲ֪ԭ򣬼ûʲôʣҲ˿
ǣ߽齱£ЦԺӿϲǲϲҪ˵
ϲ
˵Ļ, ôģȻܸо
ɵͷϲͺá
Ȼգ§˵, 㱾ɣ
Ѿɫȥ
ûзԣ˳һȥ
ʱɲŵ˵, ׺ϲ㡣
һ㶣ӿ˵ҡ֪
ûвָ䣬֪˶ãͳŻ
ѻطأҵĳҲճˡ
ӣסˡ
Ӧ󣬾ɫ죬ŤءЩ˷ܲأ߬˵䣬ݷûһ
ף
źߣһǵȻʥּвĵ
ί
סþò˵΢㲻Ը⣿
͵͵ģ͸¶һ˿ί
æҡͷûС
ûоͺáֱӴЦ۾
ӣûз㶡
ոպү˵ף
ף
ֲ˿ϵȡ£˳ַһԣظ˿üۣסӵɫ
Ϊ˽ӭҵţ̫࣬ڴϷ
һţӲλ֮
ͽȥˡ
úȻֱӣֱֱض
һ㶣Ȼطʣôˣ
͸ˣ
ЩȷصͷšüķӦЩͷԡ
ԭΪϲ񣬾㲻ҲǸ˵ġ
ǺηӦ
ᳶ˳ǣͷ΢۽ޣ
ʶšü
ú̧ͷµءԹţүôǰ˵ѽ
үк͸˵ںʱ
ָʱ䣬㹻˽лû˵
ϸϸüŵǣҲԽԽǿ
ĵ״ǣǺ£ֱ׵˵
ҪʵĻ糣ػش
ھʱѰ˿ӣͬҲ˵ˡ
óӣʱ
ɶ˶٣˵ʮʮա
һɺƲؿôˣ
ָ½󣬾ʣү֪ŮӳʱҪԼ𣿡
䣬ü⣬Щ꣺
ֻʱˡ
һֱɵӣΪµһ㡣
Ĳ֪£޵ؿһۣҲüͷЩ飺
ȻͬԵʱ䣿
һʱ֮䣬ԳƶûĵײǣδЩĲɣõĻҲ©ˡࡱ֡
ϰףŮӳʱŮ
ɲŮӶˡ
㶵ؿЩɣү˵˿ǻˣ᲻Щã
йһհɣЩʱ䣬ܸϳġ
һ§κȻһ䣺
ҲΪԼ
һ㶣þûлػ
ɱһֱߣֻһʱڿ죬Ե˼ֻΪոյɫò룬Ҫڽͣȴ뻳˺Ȼҡͷ
һ٣ΪΣ
бһۣƽ˵
үֲǲ֪Ϊλ޸
Ҳͬ⣬ǳԵĲ׼ֻްˡ
ʮֵصʹ̸£Ҳû̫
ЩԼ£Ļһ˿޵Ļϲδ˵ֻǽе˱ԽЩȻա
ö˶㣬ûȥЦã
㣬ɿҡ
˳Ʒſƫͷʱ΢šü߶ϡ
յʱȥˣ֪ǵĹ̡
ý֮ԣĸ֮񡭡
µڵʲôˡ
ý֮ԣʥּǰɲء
˵ĵģҲֻиĸ֮ʵѰ졣
õ治ϲݼˣЩ꼸ҪǣʵԸйǣ
ɻ壬ԳһЦ
ʶԽãԽС
ʹĵɻҲûֱΨִ¡
ֱĿǡ
ϸ֪֮Ҫɲŷġ
˵£õϸ˵ҪԼ塣
Ȼܾ
ֻḧ˿ãʲôֱ˵ģȥɺã
ôһ̧ͷЩȻ
үǲǶ֪ˣ
ý֮ԣĸ֮Ǳ
ЩΣƵĵЩۡ
ڼϣȴЩѰŮӶеδܸ
ޡ
Ҳֻʲô˵
Ķͷȥݡ
ȴǺȻؿڣ˲䣬ϸķ˿򦴦䱻ȵϢأ
ҪҲǡ
ТҲǡ
ƾʲô΢ʱҪܾǸίڻҪһҫ
̵Ử䣬ɲ䣬һһ˵
ҲԸҲԸŲТҲռһ˿ٹ⡣
үҲŷ֣ԭҲǲԹġ
̣һεļ⣬Щæҡ

ƾݸʮ꣬ΪνѪԵȻ
ȺѪףԲƴ
ȴѪףԹ
û
֣ȥ۽ǵᣬӦ
ãӦ㡣
ޣȴûпڡ
ʱǨЦգЩҲѹ
΢麴۽ǵۡ
ţɤүɾҶ񶾣
ףĶ䲻ܲˡ
ʶüոӵΪΡ
Ű׾µĲ᲻ϲ
ĵ΢֪Ϊָо
ȴˣҲС
ǹ⣬СĶΪ
۽ǣʧЦ˶ǣ
ǹ˼ݸǼ򵥵رְǰ򵥣
ؿβЦүá
Ǻģй˿
Ǽ⣺
֪ãպĪҪ޳
ѹҧ⣬仰
ƽ׽бۡ
ɲδ֮£ֻպ󣬾˺üλΪ֡
òδܾĺ⡣
ҲϣգԾƾ
̸ʱֻŵʱ䣬һʱɬ
涼Ϣʱųٳٵظе˼
ǳ£޴أ֪Ӧԡ
ʱһζ
ʵûֻ̫࣬ԶϵĽġ
Ȼʹˣ깤ʮҲȻ
ռ˶֪ˣҪס
ʮºЩˡ
Ϊٽʱ֪ǰŮзǲܼġ
ҹӺȻûˣһׯӶҶ˵
ΪˣʰһԺӣڴǰհ˽ȥ
ðȥգվԺ⣬۰Ͱ͵ؿãЩ
ϼˣЩЦֵÿ֣ʹߴ˵
ڴĹأЩȥɡ
ϸӦ£ʶؿһۣƽԺӡ
ʵֹɲϰߣúһ࣬δֿôϰߺȻûˣ
ٳʱͿǼܽסЦǺǵأ
Ͻģ뿪¡
ɺǺЦбۡ
ЩȻӣȴɵԺţһۡ
ɻִ֪磬ǲȴվû˵ʲôһߡ
˼һп۵ף͵Цܽ
ˣүˣߵʱɫɲˡ
ЩɬЩεҡͷ
Сùּˡ
˼ֺǺǵۣδ
ýűߣЦЦţȻĪЩѹգգӣЩ˵
ū澴δա
˭뵽أ
޸зͶˣҲա
һ꣬Ǵݵǣٵռǣޱңҹûӷ˵ĻǾֱȥ˺ү
Ҳҹ
ҵǣѡûд
лҪ˵׼
ܶ

 96 

Զǧ֮, ƽ˾ݡ
ż꣬ԵͻʥּҲ̽Ϣ
֪, ϵĶϱ, ҲݸĳŮ, һԾΪ˼ˡ
Ϣʱ, ˶ֱͦ˲١
ԭݸҲ͡
Ϣʱ, Щ÷衣
, ǹټС, ʣµǮԭ, ǻǮִϰˣʧ˹λ, ֱǷϣʱ䶼¥¥С
ⷬһǮٶԽԽ졣
ƫ谮ӣϴ, ȴǮ
ҶͻʥּǵӺùˡ
еΪ˴ϼ·ӣݸ˲
ɼʹ, ʱϵİҲ类ĥ˲١
Գòˣټǧ, ԻѾʮδлԼ
ʥּйټӵܣȢôϹϵ
ֻϧȴЩӣϵݣҲûͬ⡣
ýףֱоܾ
ý߳ݸʱ˿ĭֹ
浱ԼǸˣҪǸϳŮϢˣ˭Ը
˵ýûвɵģݸ˼ͷͲˡ
Ҫݺݵ첲
ô£Ҫ𣡡
г첲Ű۵ͼ£Щ˼ôң
ֱؿڣ
ôһˣ
΢ģ毺ãݸԼ檵ݣСŵݸԺļҡ
䲻Ҳơ
ĸŮãòǺˣָЯԼＸ
˶˵ֱ
ǲɵɶ磬ǷӦôõ˼Ҽޣ
бҲЩӲ
ٲϲǣѵػܵ
ֻҪˣȻ˼Ҹ
㡪ֱָ
ҪҪЯϣֺڻǰδٸԭְ
ǡ˵ˣܸϡ
ô⼸ˣҲأ
ΪԼŮġ
ǡʱ˸һ۾һæ
дŻ
ǰɣҪóöࡣ
ԭЩˣΪճȥ˶ڣеĻɫغЩ
ĿӣԭȵԹãڵĲá
ȫȻˣԼܲˣðĵ
ˣʲôᣬǲᷴʡ
һŮӼңô
ɫ΢䣬ѹĵ׵Ĳ΢ϸü
Ϊ˭ż
񸻹ˣģЯģֳ𣡡
һŮӼңմʲô
ŮΪ룬Ů
ﱻһ˵˼Ӳ˵ûУ
ɫһ壬ЩͷӦȴѹƢ˵
˵ѾͼطˣռǴϢǺҪٰ顣
ʥּͻ飬ܲ˰ɣ
Ѿʱˣ㻹ûдŻ紫Źȥ
ϾȫǴ棬ٲϲϣҲùԼģ
һ˵նû˵ĸŮӻ᲻ںˡ
ϾԼƴ󣬼˺Ҳе
ŵУ֪忤£¾Ͳ˼ᶨˡ
ҲȫȻ֪ü޸ɵĵֻɶ⡣
˲֪ȻҲͲ֪Умֵ
鷿󣬾űд˳ռǴȥ
һŸŮ˵ĶԻس˳ǣȴҲûȰ
Ŵȥܸİɣ
ʱǰµףŴȥ󣬰»δϢɫԽÿˡ
Ͼжʮңúɳ׵ӡ
ΪŮˣȴһ˿ϢûС
ˣ̲סڣү׷ˣƣܲǣˣ
⻰˳Ȼŭ
㣡Ҫĸãܲ׵
ɫһ󡢰һЩޣ
ү˵ʲôү˼үѵ֪ô꣬͸УûйҲпͣôô˵
÷˸ƴ󣬾òŲϲȥԺ
ȥҲϲµĺӣԹۡ
ȷòãֲĺӣƾʲôã
ЩϰվѸĵģҹԼϽᣬЩȻֲͷһ˦뿪
ߣоʹҴҸأ
һ᣺ߡ
мûעɫЩ֣ôص£
˵꣬ܳȥѰ
ͽһҴȥıӰȻñ
ȷҪ̫ˡ
ʲôûһϢҪ֧ˡ
ҵ󣬲֪˵ʲô˸߲ҵ뿪ˡ
õϢʱѾԸȥһҪȥռǡ
ֻһذ
֪ǣЩҪǰգ
¶ǵٹ⣬ݺúùӣ
֪г֮һһ⡣
Żգ˰죬ŷӦ˶Щ
ңΪ£ң
ƾʲôң
ô򲻵ˣ
дСǧٳ賤ڸпνҪ÷磬ʱ˴
ÿڲԣ
ʲô
ΪūΪ
ȷ򲻵úӡ
˽ԭأᣬǴļĻС谮Ů˵ġ
ֻ˵Լ飺ƫֳʲôʱΪҿǹ
ǮֳȥȾƣҵļױô죡
㲻ΪҿǣҪֹΪԼı𣡡
ûڶΡΡָ⣺
ҹ
кݺݵĨһᣬֱܳȥû̱ϣ
֮һϵ飬δ죬һ仰Ҳûж˵
ټҳռǶȥʱ֪ˣһȫˡ
ŮĶӣȫвѣ
ǿԼ£ŮҪǰȥôܰ£
֮Ҳٺ˵һ仰
Ȼۣǵϯȫ
һ˳ռǶȥԶռǵ˻֪¡
Ҳԣһ˻֪ġ
ݸ뿪ʱ˷ɸ봫飬߾ȥ


 97 

õɸ봫Ϣǡ
, ӳ⳯ڶȥԶԶϵŸ롣
˸ڣŸ˳, ϡ
еĻ, ޱ΢üͷ, ۵һ˿⡣
ֱۣŸ롣
ԭƵٶ˲ӿ, ˸հԺ, ү鲻õʱ, Ϣʱ, Ҳֻܹݸá
۵һ˿⡣
үͷʶ, ŵˣƢ, ɾҲǲŰˡ
òүʱ۵ɫݸ˺үǺģ
ϵʱ, ǡ鷿͵ؿžۡ
ʱüľ, һԣǱԹһ
Ⱥˣ֪, Щ·
⻰˵꣬üôˣ
ǵ˵꣬Žյֽϡ
ɽӹȥϵЦ⽥ȥΪһĨĮȻ
˵
ռǣĵض
΢ɣɷǱߣ
۾õ棬԰
÷֪
ʡġ
˶٣
ظɾЩպ˻ԴЩ˵Ϣ
۵һ˿Ȼ
Ҫ£鷿ׯӵ𣺡үߵѾ
΢Щ죺
˼Ц߽˷ӣү
΢ף㲻ڷźţôˣ
˷ԸūȥЩūүȡơ
֪زЩ÷ɸѾģ÷˵⡣
ڸոգ˴˯Ժͬ˵޸ʱƵ÷
һ⻰˼̾ơ
ҪЩ
˳ǷжԽ˵Ĳ⡣
׼ã˲ŷԼûгƣһʱûһֱδүҪⶫֱҺү
˽øʣȥʲô
˼͵ЦºүЦŲ˵
룬͸¶Щ˲ū澳ȥЩʳ
ʧЦµǲˣȴΪ˾䣺
źòã
⵹ǣֻǷ˳Բϰߡ
ף¼ĵףƳһԻδ뿪ǣ˶Ѿߵ⣬˳ڷԸ
ˣǣȥϸЩ
һ䣬ϸЩЩʳĪҪòɾĶ˸С
һ٣Ӧ¡
˼ռǱز죬иϤһȥȻҲܾл֮˲¡
뿪ɽׯӻ
ȥѰǱߵĳڸС
һ⻰ׯӾ֪Ǹ˭ŵģЦӦ¡
Ҫ֮ʣ۷Ը
ƺͿⷿԿ׶ȥˡ
˶٣ֿڣˣԼȥ
ׯһ٣Цô˵
ȥͰɡ
üңţ
ׯֻûЦүͱˣ⼸յ£үߣٲʮգܼˡ
ɫȻ͵
ȥ
ׯתߣҾ
ҲźүСүˡ
ΪҲΪѡ
չڵĹأʮհˣǺү̰ɡ
ʱãϣʣ羰ˣһ˿Ҳûз档
ܾÿˮģЩʲôʳһ־ûθڡ
Щˡ
գͻҪ棬ԽԽ
˵£Һͳ˵վûסԾ˼˵
˼뿪־Щ
ɿһԵĸ㣬ƫûʲôθڡ
ЩܵſϣʵĵҲǲԵġ
Ͼٴ֮գŮΪüݣֻ뽫Լģֳ
ʵ̲סˣԾ˼ڡ
һйٽ£̫ŵ£ûй⡣
ּˣЩǵʣôˣﲻʣ
ͨ죬ӡһĨϼϸأЩ˼
ҡû£ֻЩš
ַģʧЦ
ŮӼһҪ£Ųġ
ӦţƳһ۳ֺҧһ𻨸⣬ڿûζسš
ϸϸü⣬Լ״̬á
ѴУȴԲȥ
ֻǽţҲûжʣһ㣬ͽ㳯ǰƣ
⼸õ٣Щӡ
ū֪պÿЩĳߴˣǵʱˣ᲻ÿ
ԼС˼ȫ͸õպ˺죬ҲûнͣʵԼûθڡ
ӲʵǳԲȥ
ΪӲҪԼԣӿһʣɫֵ΢΢ס
æ¸㣬ʹٿգҲٳˡ
ĪЩܣҲ֪ΪΣֻ֪ôСһ£ȻۿĵײԾү
ˣɫӣһˮš
ڣ;һɬ
ǲҶɬ⣬ڿеţٿȻ߬ӣûסеĲˮ˳
ܵϸüеĲˮ£
յĲôɬ
šüɫÿʱŲ߳ȥҵݲѾߣ⣺
ô£յĲôûݺã
ѾãȻ̧ͷū澲֪ūǰž˼ķԸһݵġ
ּɲüֻѾߴִֽţӷԸ
һ֮ǰٷЩҶ
Ѿصͷֲżײ߲ˣ
ײȫ죬覣õͷá
ֻϧ˲ˮ
ĵүԷж࿴أȻٸ˵Ĳߡ
ʱﴫЩĻ
֣ͺˮ
ԺӵѾϸģҲԼЩԾȻˮֻ࣬ȿˮǡ
ֺѾ϶ЩΪѣӺûûζĿˮ
ЩͷۣѾߣ
ϺˮȥǱЩ÷
ȻӲȲ裬µȻҪЩ취
Ȼү֪˾ֻܺȿˮ֪ôء
Ѿæͷ첽ȥ˺ˮȥ
Ųŷ毺ȴһ˿׵Ժʲôȴûץס
첽߽ˮڰϣȰţ
ǿڿʣūѾԸȥóЩ÷ˣȵȣ
ֵĻһ÷ζоַ˿ˮ
ȻҲȲȥһûûζİ׿ˮӵͷ
Ǳֵġ
ּȰʱҲ˿̽ողŷµĿˮ˳ȥ
ÿ齣ؿȥȻ̾һ
˳Щֲ֪꣬ԼڼЩʲô
ֱһյ÷룬һ׵غʱžĵ׺Щ
һ÷꣬ڸоθڣ˳ųĿ㡣
һԵĳЦüۣ
ϲ÷ū⼸գóţ
ýܺúó¶ȻûвӦĵҪ
óЩ
ЦŵͷӦ£첽ȥõĻԸȥ
Ȼס
÷Щ
һòǡ
ϸϸЩӷ˵ûθڣƫᡣ
յ÷Ŷᣬɷ˻Ӳ
һϲ߽ȥãǿջϲһ
ϲӣиҽҲƽ˵ģҲ˾Щ
Щԥ
ϸ˼Լ۲켸գȴ븮ҽ
¶ģչ˵Խϸˡ
Դպֱֵú죬ƫ÷Ҳôˡ
ּҲ˯Ź۲պ󣬷ֵȷûĵЩź
֮⣬ҡ
Һûг嶯Ȼϣٱջϲһ֪жܡ
ʧ䣬Ǿϸź
ҲûάּգΪʮʮڶ˲֮ǰĲ²⡣
лҪ˵Ҿɻɻģ

 98 

ʮʮ, 칫գ΢, ϲ֡
ǰһҹ, Ъȥ, ԭΪԼŵ˯ţȴڴ, ˯˹ȥ
˯, ؾж
, ĵԺ, ůůڰϡ
šü, ˼ϲѡ
ãȻӣ˯, ŴŴʱˣ
ѹʱˣ˿ɣ
˼ջ껰þͱѾ߷
ӻ£ʮµ컹Щ, ˸Щһ˫ӣǰڲ
Ѿ̧ˮ, ýԡͰŴѡ
ͭǰ, һڣɫЩס
ֿɫ֪ΪΣʶСЩЩӦŻȻʵһֱδյĲ²⡣
⣬ôնҪ븮ҽһˡ
ÿͭˣʩ˷죬״죬üϸϸ۽ǴЩ֬ĵԽЩһĨ÷촽Σһ使㣬˲ժ
úȻЩ㱣е㲻ͭˡ
̫ҫۡ
־޵˵˹ɫ㣬үὫ˷ļϵġ
ɫˣֻ˰ȫǰЦԡ
Ҳ֪үԷ˵˼仰˵һҲ飬Цݣһġ
öϺϼһĽѣȾ˲һߣߡ
Ƽױ̨ϵָ֣׾Өɾ𪣬ȵ
δȾޢ
ʵǰԭȾޢģɻѱãֻЩʣû
ʱЦЦ
ҲϰЩ
ҲްֽӵȾޢָź죬ҲֻͿϲˡ
ʱҲɫЩױˣǺүи
潥˼ˣæߴţ
콫ľ
̶߹Ѿϲ
ñ˷վֻҪվ쿪˫ּɣЩѾ߷ֿ£½˹ڵΪ°ڡ
ɴ󣬲ŴϺɫ
붬ӣǱڵЩ˺
ˣּЩŷˡ
ú󣬲ų׽˫ֽǰ۽΢֬ȾգγһĨߺ죬ڴǰ
ɫǰƻһ߰ɫķڴͷ΢ģմ£֬ԡ
˼Ჽǰŵڴ¡
ֱʱ˲˿ѾЦӣӣ
ū澵ˣףү˰ͷϡӡ
˼ҲУߵɫͨ죬׷ЩʪȴǻЦ³һ֡͡
ʱѾ˿쵽ʱǰ̣ʱӦױ⣬ľֻʣһݵˣž˼֣򴽣й¶һ˿š
ʱشЩϤ
ȥǺү𣿡
Ѿ߸ϽܳȥƬδȴ˻ˣˣүˣ
۾һ죡콫ͷ
ǰһƬڰֽͷסߣٿȻս˼֣˼Сذ˱ţūһֱ㡣
ʱò˿첽ߵǰ
Ҳ֪ǰˣǺү
ҧŴ֣Ȼ͵͵غү
԰ģǰΪϷϼˣ͵Ӧ
ҪøǣţֱӾܾǣż˵֣ȥ
ǰֻԼԼԿһ˿⣬˾࣬úؾ;İ
ʱգٴˣĵ̹ЩüҶ
ϸ󣬼ЩΣ˰ۡ
˰ˣô꣬Ҳعء
ԭΪֻǴԺӣصԭȵԺӰˣȴû뵽ֱӽ
֪֮㣬Ϊյвڶı
ûһ׼ŵһȻ߬סɵ֡
ͷ£ɫ΢΢ס
ɵ¡
ɽǽΣ˸̧̨̤ףǰҶɴνݳޡ
ɫɴ΢·͸϶ļˣȴòУҡ
ɼ˰ú󣬲ŷ
Ϊⳡַ˲ȻƵϾ˫
̺ӳ̿ռһȦǽκҾ
δɱֱӽƸڴʱڳ̧ƸҾ̧ŶӳռǺֽռǸ
ڰտѾƳһȦƸδ̧һ䡣
ÿ棬Ȼ֪ɾȻ¡
ֻżյľʱ˲ȥ뷢ʲô
ɫͷ£ɫҰףʹʩ֬Ҳɿɫá
ҧŴ꣬һ߬ؿӿһ⣬ͷۻҪ̲ס³
ڵȵǽͣ
ҧס꣬ӱƵһ˿ʪ⡣
üҪ̲סˣȴּŽǺӣǱĵס
ɹʱͲŴʪһƬϸϸָġ
һ٣ĵӿһĨң
ãôˣ
ҧҧͷһϸģӲǼһ䣺û¡
һȻó
šüǵؿȴ÷ߴ
үʱ䡭
˲֪үôɫͻȻż˵ĶȴԽС
ýЩӵϡ
ɲһ˿ֱۣӺҽЩ˻δ
סֱۣغү
ѹ
ڴѾõӣòκβ
ɸƵſڣá
ż߽У˵ׯӵϤˣˣܲļС
˶δ룬ϾҹǺүҲ֮顣
м˲Ծ
׵壬ɲüͷټż¶ⷬɫģֻһԭ
óˡ
ɫһ䣬ǲСڵˡ
¶ɰƣ˳ˣһˣԸȥ븮ҽүԺкš
ˣ΢΢ġ
ݵúͿͿúǲ֪ôġ
һ˼õ״޲òݲ£ϽͻԺӡ
þǵŲʣĵĺֹסɵĽš
߹񣬵һ붴
ǰܼˡ
ɾ͹˲ǣᱧˣǽ磬żسԺȥ
ǰæչ˿ˣ
Ժ͵˵֣׼ɽµһΣææλá
ɽ÷ڴϣ͵ƿͷ˲ȥյװ磬۵ֻʣ亹
ŵͣ
ҽأ
һؿڣɫɷףѪɫ߬ɵ֣ܵ۽飬ֻһ˵غɣ
үܡ
һ˿ǻĵףɫһƬ
úȻһ죬һԼÿ޵ľ˼ææԸ̵ۣѾ߸մҴҽ̵ͼȻ³
һַһزͷϰµķڡ
һδԶ³ȫǿˮ
֪ΪʲôĪίɣؿޣ
үܡ
һһ£ҵЩ΢ؿڣЩȣ
˼ͷϷڲ¡
˼Ȼһᣬȥڣãֱнǿɬŵɻʱڲ£ֻһɣһֱĿ
һ߸ҽһüһ¶ɻ
һḧõĺ󱳣ҽˣĵһǻŭ𣬱
ôˣ
ǸҽɫЩᣬɵɫЩӡ
ɱһ§ˣǼɤеĻЩƣ
˵
ҽ̵ͷɵ˵
Ϸδ࣬Ӧǡϲˡ
ϲˡ
ϲˣ
Ȼҽͬһֱ޵Ҳ㶵תͷòŵؿڣһ˿ţ
㡢ո˵ʲô
Ǹҽ˶ʿˮȷϲѽ£Ϸ꣬ῴ
ԭأκ󣬲ŷӦؿϲȷϣ
˻Ϊ棿
Ȼ
һֽãȻЩɬ˵ã𣿡
ſֱ§ӿ˳
һѽꡣ
̫
ʧģѲΡ
ɾˣӵĵϲ
ɸķ˿ƫͷغ
ԭĶȻɣ۵׵ĸˡ
û֪ԭϣˡ
Ӳǰ£Ψġ
˴󱯴ϲ֮ʱҽֿڣ
˴ʱӣ
õĿȻֹʹգӣŬ߬ɵ֣Լƽ
ɿۣͻȻšüʣ
֮ǰôܣΪΣ
׷ӦˣټδʳʱҪע⣬÷̫ۡ
˿ҲʲôŮӲܳԶĹأææʳ
ҲԺ˿ı͡
ֱҹɫŻȻҽʱĸΪΡ
ϲûУȴˡ飡
ⱾĶҹ

 99 

үʮյĶҹ, ԼеĴྶͥ
У֮ϲ
ڴߣϡضõС, Сĵظ, һ˿ʹ
ߵϢǰ, ҹҲϾͽͶ뿪, ³ܹ
һͿɵ, 첽߽, ôʱڴ, ⿴, æҪֱӡ
ǰס𶯣
ϸõɫ, üǵ
ôڿɻܣ
ոѾߴϢȥʱϻûüˣ뵽ոɵŵд͵˼ûˡ
þȵҡҡͷ
ûùñ, ҽ˵ûµġ
ϳһõ֣ͺãͺá
ʱ¶ϲ⣺, 㲻֪ոֳϢϲЩƱ˲ˡ
ڿʼ, ӣʲôǧţ
˵ţɵļ򣺡ðܣ
ڴβһ룬õһࡣ
ϸģһƣټϵУһʱҲ˲ƽʱֱ֡
ʱҲЩ״̬һ⻰վǵʣ
ôﲻ
ñ˴СŪü䲻ڣС
үùãǲСģҽ˵ûµġ
䣬̷
С޴ģ˵ˣǵһ̥СĶΪ
ɴʱҲһСù˵öԵģЩü˵ֻܺӦ¡
з⣬˷ܣҲɫû
һ˳䡣
ţϴСΪɲġ
ͷɫ˵
ɱҪ̲סվͰᵽ鷿ȥ˯
źһ𳤴ĳ⻰˵ֱ׳
ûǰɶҲǺЦͽ˻ȥ
ϼһͷ뿪
ֻϧת֮ʣɾѾطˣҲû
ɴʱǶ£һʰã˶ȥ§żˣڴϣһֻʶظСС
ǵĸ˶ʱͻñζ
ԼİŮӣòȢ˻ʱȴãɵϲѹסԹֻǵڼ˼ϣԹ
⺢治ʱ򡭡
粻ģרӣһ㲻׼
Ȼӣžһ֣ί˵
ʲô˶õĺӣȻϲ
ɱ⻰̭һ亹ææͣ
ûûУǻϲոǱ˵ˣǧ
ÿ죬ߵҲ죬ãһ˹ء
Ϊ£˷ܣҲ˯ţõ屾ܣֲסϮ⣬˵Ϻþá
˯ȥϵЦӣؿ
ҹˣ۵׵һš
úͷ
ȷ˯֮󣬲ų߳Ժӡ
Ϣسԣ˵˼仰
ĮȻ۾ȷɢˣ
ǵͷ
ȥݸ
鷳
ռǸвܡ
˸ţ֮£δ֡
֪Щôģ֮ݸ˳׷ֿûһ˸ռ
ҹѰүǣ˵ɢ󣬱һ
ʱȣδ鵽Ǻˡ
ǸˣȴһֻݸǸӣĿİظӳϷȥˡ
ͽȴǱ˶ȣˣΨʣһЩӦöǸϡ
ԶҲԸ˴¡
Ҫģ뵱棬ɱһˣѾ˱˹١
Ǿûе¶档
Ψʣһ䲻
Ҳԣ˸ȥǺˣܿͻϢˡ
ĮȻ꣬˻Ϲŵӣ۵һ˿⣺
ɾЩЩ˷˵Ķ
ǵͷүġ
պϲٳݸˡ
ḧĶС
ϲˮ
·պڣδ
·ϲǶľʬ|ˡ
ɻ˻֣£ԼػԺӡ
ڴǰվһᣬϵĺȥɢϴӵУ۾

ʱѵÿɻڴߡ
µֱ۳ӣ̽ǰĽëָϣŷ⡣
΢δӦֱץס
ԭȱ۾ˣʱεؿдŸ˯ѵɳƣ
ãʲô
Щջ֣кү𴲡
ü˲ŵģŬ±Ǽ⣬ֱ׳ؿ
ʧЦֱӣѾ߻δ򿪴ǰؽǰԽֵŮ򦣬ҧĴϡ
շת࣬йһ˿Թŷſ
˺촽ΣƱʪĻ꣬
ɫ԰鲻Խصͷֽȥ
ĥ䣬һ
Խſˡ
úʵص촽ŴҲָⷬ
ү۸ң˼˵ſ񣿡
һЦ촽£
ү㡣
ѾߵĶһۣƶ±ֻ֮£⡣
۵˿
ٿŮӵ͵Цס۵Ц⣬һʹģ
ʵŮʱûʹ㣬ɸоۣȴںˡ
¸˵һʱҪ밲衣
ʹ⣬ûҲû
ľ裬ϿӴ˳Ϊеһӡ
һ磬ǰԺʹòҪŷϢ
ûУԫĵףʲô¶Ҫ
ȵɺ󣬲ŴӾ˼еõϢ
ϸüһۣ
˵͵治ˣ
˼ͷūŷյΣеģ˱
һƬģĻùҲֻ˵ͷ
һԵҲ˵һ䣺
ҲǺģһĻǸõġ
ﲻ֪Ǻģȥ밲ʱ䣬ĵЩԫϲˡ
ɿ˼Ц
ˣֻڸ۵ףùöȲ㡣
ðЩģ֪Լմ˸кĹ⣬һظ˸СȴҲûٵʱ䣬ɸϽǰԺȥ
ɸĲӣոյɫĵЩᡣ
ŸջӣͿˣպɻˣ
Щ˵ö
Գƶ˸ǵίһ
Щȥ
үƽ˵⻰ġ
ٿ⺢ӣΪĺӣ
˦֣Լž˼ֱǰ棬һ㶣׷ȥɽƽ˵
պ㲻ɹעȱࡣ
ӣ÷Щû˵
ǣע㣬㣬˵ˣͥµģүҲߵûţ
˿߳ܣü
ͱΣ
һֱ֪ɵıԣǱ⸱޳ܵģˣǴ˰βŻ
лҪ˵˺֮
ӦҲûˣȡҿ٣Ŀǰῳһ£
д塢½Сùõ˵ķ
дҲ˵뿴˭ùģҲ
ġŮλǡģϲĿղһ


 100 

ռ, 
ׯӽһŷϣүǴš
ɷ۵Ķһ٣ӹŷ, , ȴδ򿪣

ǡ
, ԰ŷһ, ؿ˿, Ц
ϡ, Ȼš
СС֪ս, ֮սһս, Ҳһս
һǣȴһ
ôЩ, ȥ䵱Ǽ¡
£ûб֣ܴ¾֪
յϣŷ, ݣЦˡ
üһĨЦƷƳ
ׯӺ棺үдʲô
ɽֽӸ, 紵ֽȦׯȽס
ŵݺ, üͷ
ʲô
֮սʹͣÿϹ䱦ձ
ɵһ·ǡ
ϧһʥּ£ɲòʦس
ȵ۵ʱѴûʱķâ֪ջ˳⡣
񣬰˽ʮͻȻ͹ͻҪģ֪ʲô⡣
ЦЦ
Ѳ»ʵǻŸ˶
ׯΣʥ϶Իʺ˼Ȼ᲻֪
ֽЦǳ
Ҳ⸣òأ
ү˵Цˣʺòǹھǣ˵ˣʥǺˣʲôû
ɲΪȻЦ˲
ׯ
Դ֮ս󣬺ү
ʲôںүĵ׶Ǳоġ
үĵҲк£δܽ¡
ׯ͵͵һۣĵװֹүƾԲԸ
ֵת壬ȥ
Ϧ£ӡϣü۵ʹЩĲɡ
ôӷʱͿĻЩ棺ү
ɶȻ񣬽·£첽ǰżˣǳ⣺سˣ
˶ռǱͽ߹أڴȾǻҪ䡣
͵̿ٺõ̿ڽյķҲơ
òʣŲ˳ߣճ
죺Щƣҳ͸͸
ɼõšüѾ߿ͺãЩӸǺúŲǡ
ЩˣҶһˡ
һԼһ£ҲͲͷûȰΪŮӣһѾ߷Ը
˴
صĴ멱ϣһŰƴСںֻ¶ӣСƵģЦ
˿ɫ飺δʱ䳡ǱӦδɢȥߣ
һֻŵͷӦ
СĵطкԽСˡ
ᷳżľϲ
˳˳ԺĻȣ˶԰Ļͣ߳һֱӵ˽¡
䳡ڶ԰ǰǰԺôδ
սʱɱ
æһ£ͽˣҲ㲻
߳԰һĿһȺվ䳡ڣֻŵ¡
ÿž;һ⡣
ףǰͻȻһֻ֣ͷ˲
ˡ
ɫֻǵ䳡δɢδһʱӡ
ֻǻһЩ˲η䣬
ϧﲻֹ
û´Լϱι۱ˡ
ùɵվԶһץ˵󣬲ʣôˣ
Ƶ˵ûÿģҴȥ԰
Ƕգ԰л
֣бһۡ
ɻһתǻԺӰɣûѪɫˡ
˵ţ۵
ñ˱죬òͬһˣôعȥˡ
ƲֵӦ¡
Ժȥһ·ϣһԲŵӣЦá
ҹùţǰԺԫȥ鷿
һԵõ˯ҡ
ÿıӰü⣬ռôã״δʱҹүүظʱ¿ܷʲô
ƫЩӦǳ֮£ʵġ
һʱ䣬ϮԺʣү𣿡
˼ҴҴûУˣЪŰɡ
˼䣬ͼϵѾԺ˯˹ȥʧЦ
⿴˿ɫҹɫʲôҲƲ壬߳ȥһյԺúүʱϸ·
һæ꣬Ž̺ĵϣԼȥ
үڣ÷һֻǰ޸ʱҹ
Խɪһ⣬鷿Ѭ㣬ס˵ӣ´£˿òС
ԫȿڣѾյϢˡ
ɲسϵӣԴ˻
ԫüͷ״̬Щģ
о̣ۣûܱ֤һ
ɫɢģͳӦ£֪
ֻЩ£ĵ׾ˣͳ˾ɼǲͲڵġ
ԫһ˿ƣۣĳ˵
Ѿȥ£Ҳ˻ȥ˽ˡ
ٿȻ̧ͷֱԫ
Ҳ𣿡
ԫһҭ񣬾þ˵
˽ԵΪ˳
˲֪ԫô֪ܲ
Եһȴɷԭ
Ѱ¶պɰˡ
һˣһԭ
֮սʱΪɶϺ
ҵϼûһõģǱˡ
ʾϣָȶϣɺǶϤϡ
֮ǱóĬԡ
Խ׽͸
ŭȴڷѴ˼
ɻ׽ףԼ̣յ˼һһ˻δʱ
һս
ºȴ١
΢˶֪˭
ЩȫɵΪ仰˻ĥ
ʹµȻúڡ
ԫл˵̾˿
ʢܻԸ
ˣȰ㣬Ҳûģֻ뿴ƽǰеá
뵽ˣϵİջƽǳڣ
ҴӦһֱ
ҴӲʳԡ

ԫļһϵţ
ҪıǸʥףͷ
ף磿šü
ԫʥϴӲǲǾǺճˣ
۾塣
ʥϣȵ
ھ۸յǻʱ΢ңϦ磬Ϊȵ۵ǰµʥϡ
ԣˣἰʥ
Ϧ磬ûнɣٽȴͬʥǳ̬
ָȻ׼νĸͽ
ṴһĨȣ˿ů⡣
֪ĿǺˣܹ鲻»ʣǾ˼ˡ
ԫһۣĵ׵Ļ˵˳
Ҫٻȥһˡ
˿ԥ
Ȼ
õĴڣţȴ¡
꣬ŵȵʱܷŹᣡ
лҪ˵ģ̣Ҳд


 101 

÷ѩ, ʮ£ƮµİѩƬס
ռӭѩ, յů
ʱ, θڲⲢ, ֱºǳʲôʲô, ̶̼, վȥ, ɼϸ򦡣
ԺһƬǽ, ڿ, ɵֲסдζɫһ󷺰ס
˼ᶼ, ŤͷȥһԵĳ֣
ôԽԽˣ
ҲֵǣȥѰү͸ҽ
ò£ǽ˰ɡ
ᣬӹ˼ˮڣһ, ˶û̱ڴϣ
ҧҧһɿƶɤ, ܵޣž˼䣺
үĶ
֪үƺ´
ү
ñ˱, ĵ׸ί᲻֪¡
þ˼ͳֵһľ
Щӣ˵ܣǶҧţû޹˳۽£ϺѪɫϧ
û䣬һŻ
Եò࣬˴ʱֻ³ˮȻץָⱻƵ÷ף΢
һ̤Ϳ⸱ΣЩ²ȡ
һ޵ԽԽףֽغĶˡ
ǰ˱ڻŭ
ô£ź˵ģ
ú󱳵Ķᣬɿһصūȴһ˿飬ŭӿ
ɫһף˸˵
վǾ˼ܳ裬ҧҧ̧ͷػ
غүĻЩܳԲ¶Զ١¶٣ջܳЩȴʲôû¡
ɴʱĵһŭΡ
Щæ£ЩӰõ״˭֪Щūž
ҧгݣβ
ô̧ͷδɣȴֹסĻػش
Ҳ˵ġ
úúЩˣż
үæµѰҽҽ˵Ҳûͺү˵ġ
ɫ࣬ӣۺξӿϣй˵
±ȵ㣿
̹վɡ
ҽܿ쵽ˣɿŸҽ˵֮ˣӦҲ
ɫ亮æ
ǾԲɷҩģԷ˸еĺӰ졣
üҡͷܾɫףȴΪᶨ
ҡҩ
òŵĺӣݲһ˿ʧ
ŲҰ׵һ˫ӿɣΨԼԼҩ
ɰסãһֱڴӣȻúӰΣЦ
šü֮⣬ɻԷ
⡭ҽЩΪѣֻܳЩԵ˵Ҫ󡣡
˱泩Ըк档
⻰˵˵û˵
һ
úھúһЩƿһԷŵĸ㣬ɻί˵
ҲЩ
۵رúúãǲԡ
Ǽ˵Ķǣʲôȥɺã
ҧŴ˰գŴһ˿ǻ
档
Ըȥã
ίͰ͵ƿҲԸ棡
˼һɫЩࡣ
ɲšüа취
ĵ׽ñͻӣһ㶫ԣ
˼ҧ
ū֪˵ǺΡ
һϲһŭǻȥ׼
˼п˵Ѿûˣ
֮ǰ˵棬ūЩЩѾˡ
ڷӦΪηЩµԽ
֮ǰÿնһ棬˲ֿθȻû̫Ӧ
⼸գ󣬷˽Բ¶µԽ
Ų³ľ˼ᣬ֪ˣͶЩˣ
ЩȻˣǣ
ɡҪһ°
ˣֺΪѡ
˼Ļ£һɶȻͷۣʻˣ
棬ÿɻԵģ
űӣҲ֪
֪ͷԸȥˡ
šüͷò֪Ǻá
ҽ˶٣Ȼ˵Ҳˣ
ɶȻԼׯѰ˽ϳڸУ
ȥţǸϳ
䣬˳ȥ
ûзӦֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿɣ֪ԼҪʲôԲôꡣ
ɽģĵǸΣ
Ҳá
ĵһֲۣȥ۽ǵᡣ
պǸΡ
һʱ֮䣬۵޿ɸӡ
ֻûһţĿϡ
ǸҲãûչ˺ðá
úۣ߬ɵ䣬һ仰Ҳ˵ǿŴϸķ˿򦡣
ĵر
ܿʳ
ɽŵιá
֪Ϊԣ˼ˣ߶С
һǣڳ˶û³
һĻ˼ӡ
⼸ۿʳʣ˼ܵġ
õкת֮ɵǵֱһ¡
ټؾμӳϦʥּѵ
ϾǱ͵ģ»ҰģʵȻҪǰһʹ
˳һ£֮ζԴ
ͻȻж˵ĵû뷨»ʺɶǲŵġ
ˣղڵóʦ
Ѿؾһˣԫͬȥ
ûͬ⡣
ʲôЦ
Ҫü²һ
ôܣ
ȻǻȥμӳϦ磬ʥ϶֪˴˵Ŀģȥǣһڲؾ
ʹ⣬Ҫһߡ
ԥˡ
šüͷ
ü²ܼ档
ܲˣܵ£ҪԶ֮ࡣ
ɿź갲̥ҩɫɷ׵ãĵ¶˾ġ
ȥǣǰɡ
õõʹϢǴѾ߿е֪ġ
ʥּɻؾһ£ţֻһ֪˽Բ֪ȻҲͲ֪ˡ
óϢʱܾȣʹ˶⣿
ǸϵѾ߸ý˻
ռطһԹǼķء
˵ռˣ֪ܲ»ȵ۵ڼӣȴ֪ܲ˭мá
ռǰУռǹҹġ
ʢռʢ
˥ռ˥
ԣû˱ռ˸
Ϊռǿ߹أ̣˲ξǸϰսĲҡ
Ҳˣü˶ռǼǵεġ
ϵˣ˵
ԣһ˵ʹռǶЩ
ԣڲµպүΪˡ
ջظϰߡ
գź£
ʹүǷҲҪؾ
ϸϸָССδ¡ȴɢһɱᡣ
ƫͷɣ͸ֻǵɻ
ɿΣӦһͳĬ
ЩãȻԻкԽԸȥˡ
ֻɵĵ״²µʲô΢٣ҧǿ¶һĨЦ
ү˷ؾǡң
лҪ˵ֱˣֱرд賿ĵ㡭
һ첹
ұ˵ģод꣬ͰѼˣ֪дʱͷͺ


 102 

̸ѹȥ˼, Ҳׯӵǰǡ
ԴкþԽ˯Ȼߵĵһ, ڴ, þδߡ
˼ڴ齱, Ц
˿үˣ
бһۣ죺˭ˡ
ž˼, Ų, ΢ﴽ, ֻǲϰ߶ѡ
κ, üۡ
̫ϰˡ
ϸָ⸧΢¡С, ʶظ˸ҧ, ѹĵ׵Ĳ
ү˼˵Ҫʱȴǻؾˡ
ںү˵, Ǽ򵥵սܹѡ
õ۽Щ
Ǻ£˻һеȥս
˵ֹĻ
գʺүǷҪؾʱ, ү۵׻ɬѱɫֱ
֪ʲôôɷŲ¡
ﲻ, ģֻаȥֹ
κ̾һþ˼ɵ̧ͷôˣ
򴽣˵еĵǡ
˼һ٣Ȼסеһңãʣ
үܻȥ
ûĲԾֻƵصͷ
˼ǿһЦο˲õģүûаյµġ
˵ҵ־þòɡ
Ͷ˵ŵ£뿪ռǵɵҲڵ˷վ
ׯᲽߣʹ뿪ǡ
ϹһĨǶǵЦǲǽϸյ𣿡
ׯӵͷûлػ
ˣʹʹô˿֪ǴӺ׷
ү˼˿ڡ
ռǸ˵Ǻүĵ̣Щôܲɵ
ʱǰ߲˶ԶǺү룬ն׷ǡ
ۣǵã⻹Щδ
ɫ΢
ǡ
˳ҹȥٲһĥˡׯҲЦ
ɲźۼع˹ǣ
վҴڣҲķβܡ
ȥҹ·
£ȵɵ˵˷⣬Ȼ֡
޵ؿһۣһ˳
ռǸһߵվɴã·ؾ
òڣһʹӣ֪·󣬾ʹ׷
ǸոմӣĲҽ
سǰȥ
Ƭ˹롣
ƫͷׯӣҹˣ
ׯһת
ү֪һ·Ϸѩʣǵܲסˡ
һ̾ˣЪһɡ
ǹһĨǵķȣ˵ĻƽƽȴĪ
һȣ͵ȵǰҽСǰǳ˸ƣɲ΢΢ׯס
ҾȥʱʹֻʣνĸλӣԼλʹ
Щڿʱܵһɶ
˻δλǱסǣ
ׯ۵һ˿Ц
Զơ
˿δ¶üͷȾˣ
ʱɲƵ֣߸ߵϣŵµˣЦЦ
ôˣôôǱ
ʹһ۵׾͸ϼɵֶ֮Ĳ²⡣
ٶ࣬ɹ
֮ս˵ȴĹͷöˡ
֪Ǹȴ֪ɽţ
ǣ𣡡
Ȼðźĵޱؿ
ɫһף촽ţٶԡ
ʹæͷҰ
򡢼ҵʹλҹӡ
ĵ΢ףءŶһЩ˱⡣
ʹĻҲٷ
֮ǰѹ򲻿ɵ
ʹ£ƽ飬
ҵ·˴ȴҵһ
Цˣ⻰Ƕʥȥ˵ɡ
˵ǾԱ˵
ʹֲɵӣΪ棬ܶƴ
ûȫѾˡ
˵ʮǰּټؾ˵ּȴر߹صҺ󣬲Űֻؾ
ɫ԰ϹŵЦ۵ף˵
ʥϼٱؾͲλͬˡ
ԭΨһʣµϣĵǵĶԻ
Ҫ뿪ʱæֹ

šüȥ
ߣֶӣ
ҹʹף»ҵ⣬ʣ޼޷ǣԮ
ƫ欣˿飬ʱ˵ֻ˹ͷ֡
ֻšüЩᡣ
Ѱ˸ɡ
ʥϵĺ޷ȥæ
ҧҧɫؿһۡ
üˣһܲܵǶһ
׸ΪΡ
һ°ˡ
»ֵ꣬׵ѡ
˵ʵڣҲѡ
Ѵ˵
ο񵽹ڶԸ
ļϣ鷳
䲻ϻۣȴʶʱ
ɿһۣߣǱϣɲǡ
ʹˣŭԡ
̬Ȱ⣬Ծŭǣüʮǰδ֮¡
ǻδ»ʵ̬ȣĸҶλ
ɿήģšüĵװޣҲһ˿þ
˶ộδʵ֡
۵ײźۼһ˿ʧתͷƵسǰȥ
ʹһ˵档
һ̱
ЩؿһۣѹǹΪң
ԼﱻǵĵˣһѪۣŭں֮¡
ô
ž֪Ϊܳ衣
ȴһֶԸ㲻ȥűǲġ
Ͳܳ裬ûӣڴҲԩ
οӣɫ
˷ǰע˻زȥ޸һˡ
˭ص
ʶʱ˿֪
ׯӳǵԣֹ
Ҳ̫ûѪˡ
ûңõܲϣһ仰˵
ǵǲΪȻ
ңǾ
֪Ҫʹȥ
ʥѽޣ̫ӣڶΪλѿʼڶ
Ǵʱɱͻᴦ⻼ĵز
ʱɸӽǺ׼ô͵⡣
תɣүʥϻ
򾩳ǵķ򣬰ΣЦ
ʥ
ԣط˼ȥ£ܹûǸ᲻Ը⡣
ͷһʹЦһ޼ȥ
˿ܷϡ
ʱûʱѰ
ô˵£
лҪ˵׻Ǹˣ
Ȿ󣬻һǸĿӣǰղһѽлл


 103 

ɼʱռǳ, ˾ʱֻվǳϦ
ûйʹ˻˾Ǽ, ЪϢû, о빬
, سȥ
·ϣǡÿӭʹ, һȵؿΪǱʹ
ɹЦ, , Ŀ
빬֮·, ʮ˳ؼʥϡ
ʥ϶̨, غɫ°ڵϣ˿צĵԽ, ˲ֱӡ
Ц߽鷿ʥϴۣ
ɽˣ
ü֪Լλ, ҲûֱԲ䣺
ȻûС
ʥָ棬ɫؿ
ĳⲻ⣿
һһп޵Ļ, ʥϾˣû˵Լ̬ȣʵ
鷿ܴ󣬴̨¹ŰٰʮҲӼ, һվڴڣ̧ͷֱϷʥϣվƺɢȴͦñֱ
ʥϿɫһ
δǻʱ֪˭ü˭ô뽭ɽ
֪ɺı֮ģҲļôȨ
͸ʲͬ
֪Ӽж߱ȨֻôҲֹ
ҲҲԭ
˲ɣ˲á
븸ʲͬһ㣬ҷ֡
ָ΢٣ͳڣ޲ᣬֻһҪ󡣡
֪ˣվֱӣ֣
ʥʾ
ʦ
ɹּ
仰ºüʥϣṴ
ʥϿ֪ΪΣ
ռʥϱͷżȤһҲΪ
̫̫ʱȵ۵ļλӶвܳ衣
˭̫̫Ψһء
ʥü
ԺΪĿģ˭ʥϸʣ
ʥɫȻ⳯һԵɨۣһأ
΢ţʹĿȷʥ⣬ΪãϾʺյ̫ӲãҲʡΪ˷ġ
Щʥɫ΢ڣ
££
Сֹ΢ҲΪʥ롣
˵Сȴ㹻ôڵ˶ʥٸϣԼʶȤˡ
뿪߳һˡ
Ůδʩ죬ȴȻʧɫɵؿŵʥϣЦЦ
Ҫϲϲˡ
ʥΣٵ˵
ʺһǵһ鷿ȴ£ĵײޣ˼Ļ˵û
ѡȻʥá
ɫ΢ĵЦעͷˣ
ɿ鷿Ц뿪
ׯЩ棺үˣ
һۣ˳֣ʡ˱£ܲˣ
ׯӿһۣЩɣ
ʥϻ֣ôĵ˰
ǹ˼⻹ڻʹ󼸸ֻСֹ
šüؿһۣ˦ϵ뿪ĵԽãľԴ
Ϧ統գҲڿ̫ӡ
ССһţֱڻվڻʺߡ
ɶžƱţϷڲʥϣĵԽζ
Ҳ֪ӺЩ
뿪ʱܳ¶ˣ΢ġ
ȷû֣νĸ¶棬̹ΪΣͱ͸ĵӡ
΢ü
½õ˼ֻͻ͵úã
ö˵ͷ
Ҳ֪鲻ʹȥġ
Դҩ˵һ½Ļ¾͵
˭˵ĺݣ
ô˵Ҳһз΢
ձȨһƷ֮Ҳȷϸ
ټϣ½ֻǰȢ˸֮ɻ䣬ûҷġ
ɺףǻҵ˯ȡ
ɨ½ڣźۼü
²½ƺҲܿ͸
ʥԺֻƽּûһ˿顣
Ǹһ£ƺû뵽֡
ܿ췴Ӧߵطӣлʥּ
½󣬾λϣɨߣֻĬĬžˮ
Ʊ֮ǰЩľˮҲ֮ǰĹƣҾºȴϰΪ
쿴һۣ΢΢ü
½̫ƽˣòԾ
ʱգкȻһʣд̫ӡ
ҿ̫߻ڶ࣬δô˵óѣʹʹ϶ȥʥŭ
ʹɫҰף˵Ϊ
ʥŭ֮սһ
˶뿪󣬻ʺĨȥ۽ǵᣬʥҲһ䣺
죡
仰ˣɡ
ʦд̫ӣʹ޺󣬿ʦ
ʺԣûֻƲƲ죺
Ҳ©ʶҲ¡
ʥһҭˣ֮˼˽᣿
ǼҲɽ쵽̫ϣ
֪ʥϳ谮̫ӣǰ©˷
Ͼûбõˡ
վѾΧʵʵ̱ϣŭ
˭˭ɵģվ
ҲվУԣϸüЩͣ

ɫһδڣּ
߼޻Ȼû
ɫ΢䣬ֽȴûϵʱ䶼Ȳ
ĸ仹ȴһ۰֣۰ȴҲҪʱ򣬰׳
飬ҲΪԼı
˵ǰѾǲټ½űº֮ˣԸ½⡣
û뵽ʥּ£ͳ£ļƻҲ
̾ЩǷϣڣٶҲɿա
뷨û⡣
ʥּºɾʹԼ˻ռˡ
δãĵýҲû˷ʱ䣬Ѹٶֵԭ
ȥ֪ʱܻصռǡ
δռǣϢʹˡ
ñ˼߶Ϣ󣬺;˼һۣߵ
ʲôʲô
ЩʱգѾͨˣȻϢˣǸΪǡ
ɼʹˣû˼С¡
˼ģ汧÷ǿθóҲϲ
ͷһûһ꣬ĵԹ
ɻҲûһ
Ҷϵˣ˴ȥûûƤرżˣ
Ϊ˸ϻҼҹûۣÿң
΢٣δۣƫͷȥһ
үҵģʲô
۽ǣΪãȻҼŸϻ
䱻øˣȴǽ죺
˭֪ү˼˵ңҿã
˻
бһۣүҪϢѾ½֪
үŻңǼųأ
ż˵һ񣬺Ƥ
֮ãڳʥּǿΪÿɲܻΪһ̸
ñֵûƢ죬
ȥȥȥù㡣
ɶһ٣˱üͳ
òң
Ҳס𣿡
۵¶һ˿ǸȻٿȻסӣԣ
ҵĺүȴΪү
ү˵һֱҡ
źү
лҪ˵½ҾǿשҪĶ


 104 

ȥ, ռͩðѿõСҲѾ¡
һֱӾ͵, ʹϸ, ҲӲһ˿⡣
к, ϵǶЩ⣬պ, ԽƵܽ, ʩ, ҲɷǺÿ
, ɵ, µĶӣѾ, ÿһľս
ʱ򣬳ּ͢ɳ
ñ˼Ϸ, ɳǣְѣΪĸԽ, Ц
ΣգҾȥѰ㡣
һḧСڵԼв
ɿЦ, Ǽ⣺
ģûᡣ
˵գĸͷĶͷ
һ
ᣬʣЦ˵á
һԶȥӣǵıӰ
ϰοµġ
ֱɵûӰ˲Ų
Ӵ󣬹߶۵ûţɳᶯ
գյɵţҲ΢ġ
½٣ռѾģ׹ϣ⡣
òȣҲܲ䡣
ƫʱӣòñ
µռǣ·ݵľǻҪȣһһ裬ԶˣȻҲ͸о⣬ʹ˴νģҲǺɳӵȷ硣
ϸüϣſϻᡣ
۵رطԸЩҽŮôܣ
Խºÿҹﶼ˯òȣ֪ģȿʼ۵˵Īίޡ
ҹ۵ѹʶغүһƬͷĪӿίһһŵص
֪ģӣҲٺˣۣԼųȣһֱһԼ顣
һյƣůůģֱᣬһֻȣӵίҪʢס
Ǿ˼æܽſĲ
һӣ;ȫ
ϾǸˡ
ԺûµˣϢʹϺԫֻ˹
ԫҲڣֻš
һۣ¹ȥ˻δãԭֻ˯ʱ⼸հҲżһ¡
ϾͲԺסˡ
ΪˣԸ˽ԱߵԺʰԼ˽ȥΪ˷չá
öǽòС
ǰȴˣ⣬ǿοϣ˵Լۡ
ϿܣԺ󣬰ϼ
Ҳˣùź󣬸Сһˡ
ҽŮסȣҲһ֡
ҧŴûп޳ôʱ䣬ûϰۡ
Ӳ֪й̻ࡣ
ǸϲǵģΪֹǱҲ֪ÿܡ
Ҳûãɼ͵󣬱Ͽ۵ףȻûһڴ˵£Ʋ첻Լһ飬һ˻ȥ
֪òܣҲĵ׹˼ЩЩ

ǭǣɳ󣬼һ£ʹǭǡ
ңϻʵԲ𣬳дֻվλǾһʱ֪˭ǰ߹ء
һɼ׾ǭǣӪҲڴˡ
ס߳ǡ
ûͽҪȡǣʱ䣬ں
ֻǰ뷨
ʱڣӹǵţüҡ
õţֻаһˡ
Ϻԫûдŵϰߡ
ڿǳϵţЩȣͷƳ¶ŷһǣ΢٣Ȼǡ
ɻ󣺡үзԸ
ûжʣȥȴֱׯӣ
Σ
ׯЩƣǰһ
ڸʱɺ˭ߵýɶ˶٣Ůġ
ׯ۾
˶ӣǻĸŮ߽
źүӣʲôҲϸ룬κЩɵ
ŮӵĻҲֻзߵľ˼ɣ
ָоЩԣϾǺ;˼߽ļΣǺүķԸ
Ȼüңŷ⣬Ҳٶܣׯ¡
Ȳõš
Ǻ֮ǰһ˵ЩյȻ࣬ȴ۵Ц⡣
һţɳ
Ҳû뵽ţһ벻ʵ
ʲôް
ÿҹ۵ѹް
ɽϴţϸϸһ飬߶Ǽϣ
üÿҹ˯òȣҹҹ֪ʪ˼ͷ
ԽԽݣȥֻĶӣ޷úϢ
顭
ֽһǵ΢Щһͷӿͷ
ȥ
ȥ
Ҫʱ򣬲ߡ
ȵׯٽڵʱ򣬺Ȼֺүɫѿµٹ
ׯӾȣȴ²µӦڸϵķ˳ˡ
֮⣬Ҳúүʧɫ
ȵյʱȻ˵Լ£¶ãҪչ˺ԼʱɺЦ
ĵװ䣬ȫΪůĵס
ŷãϻ
ļӿٶȣĸ£Ҳֻǣǣ仹ǳء
µףռǼʼ
׼ãŲŶϸòϸģ̣ټϼȨλأҲڶ࣬ԸϵСĶΪ
˰£ڼ
ɲӰֻÿһŴδ¹
ڣɫս
ҹʱ䣬Ҳ֪񼴽ĵԽ꣬ЩԼʱҪ
Ͼʱж࣬ϻʵۻδݱ
ɺãҪԼԼȴ
ɺݺšüɫ˸Щʲô
лҪ˵ǣһشϢ
Ļˣ
Ϊҿ϶дսҲͲŮ
ôдҲֻд
˱֮
ԤƷⱦ˼塢Сùá½ƪ
뿴ݼұߵģ֣ҿдд

רŮλǡǼһղأŶ~
󱦱˳ְѡܼŮɡҲˣ
лУСƱƣд˸İǵģҷ¼飬ϲıǸҼӸղ£мϲԹ~
λ̵꡷
飺
Ǽʱÿ˶˲ͬ
Ӿ£̳ĸµСõϵͳѴλ
Ӵ֮󣬴˽һ£
ǼʶӴûȤ
ŵĲżèӢ̡Ȯ˽һ£
Ǽʷʳȴʮѣ
ܹס˽һ£
Сԣֻ벻ûС˵Ʒ
Ʒ꣬ԤԼ
עӦе
æҵ&¶

 105 

˰º, ڲ֮ǰԺ, ȵͷ󺹡
˼ϷԺ, ʮִ, ȥֻͻĶʮ, õͷ, ż⡣
ڴ, ۵һ˿ǡ
ʱ, Ӳֲ, ʹҽõĽá
ӱ, ԭͼЩ
һЩϺԫ÷Բ¡
ʱףÿնһȦڵʱЩ
Ժ̺, ̺Ǻë棬ϲ˷ѣֻ⣬ֱԺӶһ, ֻһСɢá
һֱ߲ÿһʮּ, ǿϣʹˣҪǰš
˫СĻСͷ㺹ᴭҪ˵ԼˣȴôҲ˵ڡ
֪ǶԼͺӶ飬ݲԡ
ð뵹ϣϰ䣬Ҷܳס۵ûûһһ˵
СáãЪ߰ɡ
Щܲס
ᣬܽҲûѪɫϿۣҲţǰôܣ
ҧҧջǵһȦǾͻȥϢɺã
Ȱţ׶ᶼϡ
ҲǲʶôˣԼ˲۽ޣͷվһسǰš
ͦŴӣߵúŵֱľ
òһȦ꣬ûһ
Ѿ죬ȵһŴʪ̱صϻ;˼
ڴϰΣŽѪɫ
һԿ𣺡ǰ֪ˣҪҺġ
÷ӣ˵
ù˵úλԼ裬Һйùö٣һΪҺãüĵ׵ġ
û˻˵ӹ˼еӣöͷϵϸ
üҪ˯ʱȻڣ
Ҹдţɣ
öȻѣȵؿϡ
ȷүˣҹҹҪߡ
δҲ֪ʹԼ˵ҲҲܿ
Ҳˡ
úүڼʱҲй뷨
үб˵ȫ
ֻҪˣǲֹġ
οүǷʥּԼ˵ͻģ
ΪУ£Ҳ֪ү񹥴ǹؼʱôȥң
þȵؿϰΣ
֪Сùңɺүæս£²ؽкүġ
ӲԺү˵ԼѴʧսϣЩҪá
ϸոյĻҲһʱ嶯ʱƽģؾᣬҲһ˿ŭ⡣
ŭɲʱ
ô궼̹ˣôʱ
ôɫпڰο
¹ֲúүʱѵãΣ˭֪ԺûôõĻ᣿
ϿʧЦ˵Ǽ⣺úúãͻɡ
ߵƫƫͷָ⸧ڹʱ壬һ˿Ц⣬˼ü
Ӧү
ֻҪүˣ͹ԹԵڸϵźү
Ͽģĵ׺̾˿
̾ˣһȫȫⶼļˡ
˵ʵúãǿһΪɰˣʱ䣬Ķϧص˼ͬ޹ء
ԽӽеԽţϾӣõٲھ⼸ˡ
ԫʱ䶼û˼ٳϵ˶Դ
գһźϼȦ󣬽ͻԺӣǳ
ֱҹĻ٣ϵúϸüȻӣһ˿š
ϸո뿪˼վһԣæʣôˣ
ɫףҡӺۡ
˼˲ˣ⺰
ȥ븮ҽСϺү
µˣ÷侲ʹͷѾϸϮʹҧ侲߬ž˼䣬һһ䣬
ӦҪˡ
˼һ㶣˵
˼㶵طվüŸҽĻᲽȦɫѾ׵ò
ʱϺͲѾæϵˣóǿǳЦǷ
ڴʱ߬䣺
Сùã
ϻͷɫ΢㶣ôˣ
ÿ۵۽ʶᣬȴû⣬ֱֱֻϣ
СùãһҪסҵĺӡ
۵ɫҰףȴûؿϡ
ʶҪӦ£Ȼԣڻǰͣ¡
ʲô˼
ʹ˵ԼҲᱣסӡ
ǡǡ˶֪Ӳãӻʮּѡ
Ҳ֪
Żʱ򣬿һҪʱ
ʲô
ϺȻɤЩɬ˵֤ĻǿЦ
˵ʲôأҵȻỤźӣ룬ͺӶƽƽģ
һ仰˵ʮأڸãҲڸԼ
Ǻӣãʧһɷˡ
ҧҧᶨɫȻЦ
ǰ϶ƽġ
ҪȺү
߳վȣո۵׵ɫȻñӷᡣ
ȻķͻȻɳ
õķӵĸףģ
ûֻвһ
ֱκ󣬲ŴһѹֵʹɤˣҧŽûܸҲѡ
ͷǺҧŽ촽ЩѣƶҪѪ
ץŽָⷺףֱ͹
һԵĲҲżȥˣտһָǺã
ȥ˾Ҫûˡ
۽һֱᣬ۵ҪȥɲŻһֱҧŽûֱ
֪˶ãֻѾЩˣһ
ˣûˣ
һֱЩӣϸѵ÷ŭ
ô£
ػҲ˿Ҫιȥˣ
ɫһףȻһԵĸҽ
ҽ˲Ͽа˲Σ
ϲϲЩŤͷȥԫԫ̵ԽԽã
Ȼ
ԫԸȥⷿȵ۴µǧ˲
Ƭ̺󣬾˽˲ҽ˲΢˽˲˼Ƭýڣòøҧš
⣬˵ȥ˲ѣЩʳȥ
ôҲάֵΪֹ
ԣ˽һһͽ
ñιһ˲ڻָЩǣ֮ǰҲԺҽĻʲôû˵˲꣬ǿóЩ㣬Ž˲Ƭҧ
һȷָЩ߬µĽͷĺ۵۾еûУΨʣȫŲŵĻ
ɼʹˣҲǱˮн޼¡
һ쳣ʹһƬŴʪܡ
ʱŲΡΡ
ϡүС㡭ѲǱ󡢻ǱС
һ仰˵ö϶Ӳɾ䣬еĺº;
ٿȻӣˮ˳۽¡
йȫ
һֹȻ˵ĸо
ӣиоûʲôˡ
ľ˼ֱ̱ڵأ޵ۣ˵󣬿ֻȥС㡣
ҲԭأҪʱɫʵǾ仰
ϵˡ
Ҳ˵ǾԸĻ
Ų˿ڡ
ÿЦˣĺүһ˶á
Ѿ֪ˡ
ſڣѵؽͳȥ
Сùã㡭С
Ѿźүˣڣúүܿǵĺӡ
Ȼرۣ洫һϤŭ
˺ͺһ£Ƕᣡ
Ȼӡ
Ǻү
Ǻүˣ


 106 

ôҲ벻, ǧţڸʱִһǳأһƥ, Ÿϻظ, ʱ
벻, ŶˣЩԶˣ
˵ʲôС
۵, ҪĴֻһˣ
ɲ, ϵƶЩɢ
ͻȻ, һ仰ֱӽ˺·, û˸ҳ˵
ϾϲؿͻȻֵ, ͻȻ޳
ˣڻˣ
ױų, ʱ£
ΪãΪֱġ
һȫãûע⵽, ɫͨ죬һߵǰ
ƺܸо׺Ȼһ˿ɫɬɤ, ʣ
ү
ɵһûӦǷ
ãո˵ʲô
ǲ, ӦҪȱ
࣬ûнйһá
öȻҧסЩЩѪζȻʶүˡ
Ҫǣˡ
Լ
Լ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôΪڸոգȷûпǹ飬ҲĴԼ
һִϣʣ
ã˵
һ˿أһ˿ǻӵǺšһȻʲô۽ǵ¡ 
ȴܲˣֻڣƺ͸һſڴɫҰ׵Ůӡ
ʲôӣ
ǰҪ
֮ϲȣء
ʶʱΥѵͻλ֮
޺Σ
Ը˵ҲԸһ˿⡣
ȻЦһģ
ãˡ
ڱֳԺӵĿء
ȻΪ˺ӶԼ
˵ЩʲôǸǧȫһ䣺
үˡ
ƮȻй
ţ֧վһ
ôãǾ仰򣬾һֱû֪ļ尾
ҺãҺڡ
Ȼ۾
Ҫ𡣡
䵭Įһ䣬ƺûһ˿ŭ⣬ȴĵһ
û֪ǳ⣬λô
߬ƶЩĵӿһ˿š
Ȼҧס⣬ʹѪζЩ
ȻЩ£˻ʧġ
ͻȻű顱һ򿪣߽ʱþ˿⡣
˾񲻷ɿɫ˵ԵĻ
ɿͷʱŲһ٣һ۵ûгֻۣߵߣ£һֻ֡
ͷĶͷסͨɫ
ûаֻ˵һ䣺
㡣
һöߣ
ȥ仰⡣
ֻǱŵúȻû
ݺ߬ɵ֣˵걻ҧ˼нѪζ
ŸģϵĺҪʪ
֪˶ãҪûʱģһ
ˣˣǸСӣ
öȻһȥˣȻһ
̧֣˵۽ǣһδɵۡ
ɤӺȻʣδ㡣
أʱȻˣ
ҧɬɤӼһ䣺
ү࣬ˡ
û˵ֻǿ۵׵ۣȻͷͷ
ӣֻü򴦴һʪ
ƽһγʲôʹʡ
ûŵĻֻǾļ⻹ڲ
δǾԼĻлع
ͷһ֪һֽί
ֻҪߡ
ôΪ˱ˣԼ
ҧĶϣɳƶأ
ǲǲǾҲˣ
ãúݵġ
ҧǣĿеѪζһ
ջ᲻ö
еίŭѹС
Ǵһ˿Ķߣ
ã㿴ЩԼ𣿡
ñǼɬ޵òѣɣ˵
ҴˣҴˣ֪ˡ
ѧǰģϸϸǣϸŵǸ
үѹҵҴˡ
ƫͷǸѹĻ˿
ް취
Ҳˣ˱⣬ʲôҲ޷
է֡
õСӣһҹѽƣеɵǸ󳹵׻˯
ƺʧð㣬ò֣СӶûһۡ
˸һþõȲ˵Ķ£ɻʱɫ۵ǡ
ûĶֻǵͷŮӶͷ
ûٳֻǿŮӼͷ۾۵׵ɫȻ
ϱС߽ʱľһ
˿˿ů͸麴սӵŮߣŮԣ·֣˾ͻʧһϣӡϣͶá
ꡪ
лҪ˵ⱾĵҲ
лСʹǵһ·
ǣлл
±ŮλǡһģϣҼ֧
ֻƪ
ĺܿͻῪһڿ϶Ϊ֮ǰӦ˶߰һ˵
˵ˣǵĵı~
Ůλǡ
飺
Ůλ
楳빬꣬µ۵ǻ
ѡŮʱֽ褾źСж
ʮ
ѡ㣬빬սʧ
ߴߣˮʹ
褾еˣѰ·極Ŀ꣬ʼնֻһ
ϸյǻʱǰﷱæȥ
һգһСѾߣЦǳǳģ͸ʮֵ÷ϵ
룺ֻ̫СˣЩɬڣ
ǸСѾ߳
ԭΪԼȤ䵭ȴû뵽һ裬Ҳûͣ
ps
Ůʼն֮
趨ģǴ
֮ʱŮ϶

һ

Сӷ
ӵʮ¡ء
˵ʱ, ЩѲҺĸ˽ƽ¡
Ժ
ᣱƿñ˼˴Ӵ, , Ƶؿ
õ֬, ԽԽɫ͸ͭ
Ű, Ū·вȵСӡ
С硣
ĵҧҧꡣ
һǰ, ֪˶೤ʱ, źúү
ҲΪǾ仰, ºүһֱСӲ̫׽
ǲ۰, ˶֪Сӿüأɾǲ׽
ⷬⶺŪһǼٳֵġ
Щй߽, ںүļͷ
үҪòѽ
üԹ˻δֻ˵˽֪
ö˶, Ҳû˵ʲô
СΪүδһΡ
˵, ֻǿذˡ
ĵ֪ү۰ģǰѧ·ʱ, ÿ·ȣʶšüͷ
Ƽ۵һĵǣҲΪ۰ˡ
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